bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations between neighbourhood greenness and asthma in preschool children in Kaunas, Lithuania: a case–control study
Authors: Andrusaityte Sandra , Grazuleviciene Regina , Kudzyte Jolanta , Bernotiene Asta , Dedele Audrius , Nieuwenhuijsen Mark J 
Published: April 2016

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the associations between surrounding greenness levels and asthma among children, and to explore a possible change of this association by the distance of the residence to a city park.DesignA nested case–control study.SettingChildren aged 4−6 years residing at their current address since birth in Kaunas, Lithuania, whose mothers were recruited in 2007–2009 to the KANC newborns cohort study.ParticipantsThe participants were 1489 children whose parents in 2012–2013 filled in the questionnaires and agreed to participate in the study.Primary and secondary outcome measuresWe estimated clinically diagnosed asthma risk factors. The surrounding greenness was measured as the average of the satellite-based Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) within the buffers of 100, 300 and 500 m from each child's home address, and the distance to a city park was defined as the distance to the nearest city park. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to study the relationship between the greenness exposures and asthma adjusted for relevant covariates.ResultsAn increase in the NDVI (>median) in buffers of 100, 300 and 500 m was associated with a slightly increased risk of asthma, while an IQR increase in NDVI-100 m statistically significantly increased the risk of asthma (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.85). The stratified analysis by surrounding greenness revealed indications of stronger associations for children with higher surrounding greenness (NDVI-100>median) and those living farther away from parks (>1000 m), compared to NDVI-100≤median and the distance to a city park >1000 m (OR 1.47, 95% CI 0.56 to 3.87).ConclusionsA higher level of the surrounding greenness was associated with a slightly increased relative risk of asthma in children. Further investigation is needed to elucidate the influence of city parks and neighbourhood greenness levels on asthma.
Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time: cross-sectional and prospective associations with adiposity in the Millennium Cohort Study
Authors: Griffiths Lucy J , Sera Francesco , Cortina-Borja Mario , Law Catherine , Ness Andrew , Dezateux Carol 
Published: April 2016

ObjectiveTo examine whether physical activity (PA) and sedentary time (ST) in primary school-aged children are associated with adiposity at the start of secondary school, and whether these associations differ by sex or ethnic group.DesignNationally representative prospective cohort study.SettingChildren born across the UK, between 2000 and 2002.Participants6497 singleton children.Outcome measuresMeasures of adiposity (body mass index (BMI), fat mass index (FMI) and fat free mass index (FFMI))—obtained at 7 and 11 years.Explanatory measuresTotal daily PA (mean counts per minute (cpm)); minutes of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA); and ST. All assessed at 7 years using accelerometers.ResultsIn cross-sectional analyses, total PA was inversely associated with FMI (3.7% (95% CI 2.7% to 4.7%) reduction per 150 cpm increase), as was MVPA (4.2% (CI 3.2% to 5.2%) reduction per 20 min/day increase). Associations were stronger in black and South Asian ethnic groups. Total PA and MVPA were not associated with FFMI. ST was positively associated with FMI (1.3% (CI 0.2% to 2.3%) increase per 50 min/day increase) and inversely associated with FFMI (0.5% (CI 0.2% to 0.7%) reduction per 50 min/day increase). Longitudinally, MVPA at age 7 years remained inversely associated with FMI at age 11 years (1.5% (CI 0.4% to 2.6%) reduction per 20 min/day increase). No association was found between total PA and ST and any of the later adiposity measures.Conclusions7-year-old children who are more physically active are less likely to be obese at that age and at age 11 years. These associations were particularly evident in children from black or South Asian ethnicity at age 7 years and in boys at age 11 years. Measurements of fat mass provide valuable insights into ethnic differences in associations between adiposity and activity.
Hospitalisations at the end of life in four European countries: a population-based study via epidemiological surveillance networks
Authors: Pivodic Lara , Pardon Koen , Miccinesi Guido , Vega Alonso Tomas , Moreels Sarah , Donker Gé A , Arrieta Enrique , Onwuteaka-Philipsen Bregje D , Deliens Luc , Van den Block Lieve 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundThere is a paucity of cross-national population-based research on hospitalisations of people at the end of life. We aimed to compare, in four European countries, the frequency, time, length of and factors associated with hospitalisations in the last 3 months of life.MethodsPopulation-based mortality follow-back study via Sentinel Networks of general practitioners (GPs) in Belgium, the Netherlands, Italy and Spain. Using a standardised form, GPs recorded the care in the last 3 months of life of every deceased practice patient (≥18 years; 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2011). Sudden deaths were excluded.ResultsWe studied 4791 deaths that GPs described as non-sudden (66% of all registered deaths). Between 49% (the Netherlands) and 56% (Belgium) of patients were hospitalised at least once in the last 3 months of life. Readmissions were less frequent in the Netherlands (8%) than in the other countries (15–20%, p<0.001). Chances of being hospitalised increased over the last 10 days of life across countries but remained lowest in the Netherlands (Belgium: 21–37%, the Netherlands: 15–29%, Italy: 16–37%, Spain: 14–31%). Hospitalisations in the last week of life were more likely if patients resided at home rather than in a care home (ORs and 95% CIs Belgium: 1.94 (1.28 to 2.94); the Netherlands: 2.61 (1.10 to 6.18); Spain: 4.72 (1.64 to 13.57); non-significant in Italy) and less likely if the GP knew the patient's preferred place of death (ORs and 95% CIs Belgium: 0.52 (0.36 to 0.74); the Netherlands: 0.48 (0.25 to 0.91); Spain: 0.24 (0.13 to 0.44), non-significant in Italy).ConclusionsThe use of hospitals at the end-of-life increased over the last weeks of life of patients in all countries studied, but remained lowest in the Netherlands, as did the rate of readmissions. This may be due to gatekeeping by GPs who are trained and supported in preventing hospital readmissions at the end of life.
Normal smoothings for Charney–Davis strict hyperbolizations
Authors: Ontaneda Pedro 
Published: April 2016

We prove that the Charney–Davis Strict Hyperbolization of a smoothly cubulated manifold admits a normal smooth structure. We also prove that this normal smooth structure is diffeomorphic to a smooth structure that has good tangential properties. The results in this paper are key ingredients in problem of smoothing the metric of a strictly hyperbolized manifold (see [3, 8]).
Interview with Dick Bulterman
Authors: Atzenbeck Claus 
Published: April 2016

Dick Bulterman is a professor of computer science at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and a senior researcher at CWI: Centrum Wiskunde en Informatica, also in Amsterdam, where he has worked since 1988. From 2013--2015 he was President and CEO of FX Palo Alto Laboratories in California. From 1988--2013, he was head of the group Distributed and Interactive Systems. Between 1997 and 2002, Bulterman was the Managing Director of Oratrix Development bv, a CWI spin-off technology company. Before joining CWI, he was a professor of computer engineering at Brown University in Providence, RI.
Bulterman has been active in the interactive television systems area for many years and has done work together with his CWI colleagues on a wide range of user interface topics (including early work on the use of secondary screens for personalizing media content).
Bulterman has been active in the multimedia community since 1993 and has served in various roles on ACM MM organizing committees. He was Vice-Chair of ACM SIGWEB before becoming Chair in 2015. He was a founding editorial board member of ACM TOMCCAP and ACM/Springer Multimedia Tools and Applications, and is associate editor of Springer Multimedia Systems. He is past chair of W3C's Synchronized Multimedia working group.
Bulterman received a Ph.D. in computer science from Brown University in 1981.
TALEN-Mediated Inactivation of PD-1 in Tumor-Reactive Lymphocytes Promotes Intratumoral T-cell Persistence and Rejection of Established Tumors
Authors: Menger Laurie , Sledzinska Anna , Bergerhoff Katharina , Vargas Frederick Arce , Smith Julianne , Poirot Laurent , Pule Martin , Herrero Javier , Peggs Karl S. , Quezada Sergio A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDespite the promising efficacy of adoptive cell therapies (ACT) in melanoma, complete response rates remain relatively low and outcomes in other cancers are less impressive. The immunosuppressive nature of the tumor microenvironment and the expression of immune-inhibitory ligands, such as PD-L1/CD274 by the tumor and stroma are considered key factors limiting efficacy. The addition of checkpoint inhibitors (CPI) to ACT protocols bypasses some mechanisms of immunosuppression, but associated toxicities remain a significant concern. To overcome PD-L1–mediated immunosuppression and reduce CPI-associated toxicities, we used TALEN technology to render tumor-reactive T cells resistant to PD-1 signaling. Here, we demonstrate that inactivation of the PD-1 gene in melanoma-reactive CD8+ T cells and in fibrosarcoma-reactive polyclonal T cells enhanced the persistence of PD-1 gene-modified T cells at the tumor site and increased tumor control. These results illustrate the feasibility and potency of approaches incorporating advanced gene-editing technologies into ACT protocols to silence immune checkpoints as a strategy to overcome locally active immune escape pathways. Cancer Res; 76(8); 2087–93. ©2016 AACR.
Sublimidad estética y ascetismo burgués: A propósito de la “Analytik des Erhabenen”
Authors: Vedda Miguel 
Published: April 2016

O artigo examina a desproporção da analítica do sublime no âmbito da crítica do julgamento como analogia à impossibilidade de conciliar teoria e prática moral / natureza e razão. Com isso, delineia-se novamente a ponte entre a primeira e a segunda críticas, as quais devem ser mediadas pela terceira: o sublime corresponde à violência velada nos processos sociais. A posição de Kant é trabalhada contra o pano de fundo de Shaftesbury e Burke e, assim, a tônica recai sobre a orientação do filósofo de Königsberg em relação a idéias racionais ahistóricas. Seu conceito de sublime (assim como sua ética) posiciona- se, portanto, na tradição do ascetismo protestante assim como do capitalista-burguês. Tanto o observador da natureza e arte sublimes como aquele que segue o imperativo moral devem igualmente preterir o que é material e a satisfação direta dos anseios em favor de uma satisfação maior, intelectual. Do mesmo modo, a ausência de forma e medidas do sublime encontra seu paralelo na „infinidade negativa“ do capital e na „segunda natureza“ tecnológica.
„Heinrich! Mir graut’s vor dir.“ Ein Gespräch über den Paradigmenwechsel in der Faust-Interpretation
Authors: Jaeger Michael , Mazzari Marcus Vinicius 
Published: April 2016

Anlässlich des Erscheinens der Monographie Fausts Kolonie1 führte Marcus Vinicius Mazzari ein Interview mit dem Autor Michael Jaeger über seine Interpretation des Dramas und seine Bedeutung für die Gegenwart.
Friedrich Schillers Geschichte des Abfalls der vereinigten Niederlande. Aspekte zum aktuellen Forschungsstand
Authors: Knoll Hans 
Published: April 2016

A “História da Separação dos Países Baixos/da Holanda do Império Espanhol” (1788), o primeiro dos escritos históricos de Schiller, é o ponto de partida para a análise da posição do autor frente a textos históricos no âmbito dos estudos historiográficos. Este artigo tenta abordar o tema de duas perspectivas diferentes. A primeira está ligada principalmente à contribuição de Schiller para a metodologia da historiografia no período entre Iluminismo e Historicismo, estando esta abordagem íntimamente ligada ao tratamento de fontes históricas primárias. A segunda perspectiva diz respeito à contribuição da análise do discurso para o estudo dos textos históricos de Schiller, i. e., à aplicação de novos instrumentos ao estudo de aspectos narrativos e composição do texto.
Schillers Gott Bemerkungen zu den “Göttern Griechenlands”
Authors: Eggensperger Klaus 
Published: April 2016

No poema “Die Götter Griechenlands”, Schiller elabora a diferença entre uma Grécia clássica idealizada, entendida como totalidade orgânica em harmonia consigo mesmo, e a Europa moderna do sec. XVIII com sua fragmentação e seu materialismo temível. Afirma-se que o autor está menos condenando o cristianismo do que enfatizando a função da arte. Na última estrofe, a beleza da arte é oferecida como último recurso de preservar sentido e humanidade. O status quase religioso que Schiller reserva para a arte é crucial para entender o pensar literário e cultural na Alemanha do sec. XIX.
O ator e o espectador – Sobre as diferentes funções da linguagem na apresentação de si mesmo no Brasil e na Alemanha
Authors: Schröder Ulrike 
Published: April 2016

Basierend auf Interviewsausschnitten in beiden Kulturen, werden in dem Artikel unterschiedliche Redestile der deutschen und der brasilianischen Kommunikationsgemeinschaft vorgestellt. Nach einer Illustration des divergierenden Sprachgebrauchs werden die kommunikativen Funktionen fokussiert, die den Sprechweisen in der jeweiligen Gemeinschaft zukommen. In der brasilianischen Rede dominieren die phatische, die poetische und die expressive Funktion, in der deutschen dagegen finden sich häufigere Verwendungen der referentiellen und metalinguistischen Funktion. Zusammenfassen lassen sich diese gegensätzlichen Tendenzen am besten mit der metaphorischen Dichotomisierung von Akteur und Betrachter. Außerdem wird gezeigt, wie diese Resultate teilweise dadurch erklärt werden können, daß man sie in einen kulturgeschichtlichen Hintergrund einbettet, wobei die Charakterisierung der brasilianischen Kultur als im Vergleich zur deutschen eher heterogen und barock im Vordergrund steht; die deutsche Kultur hingegen erscheint im Vergleich zur brasilianischen als tendenziell homogener und (selbst)beobachtender.
O trabalho de tradutor como fonte para constituição de base de dados
Authors: Almeida Bibiana Teixeira de 
Published: April 2016

O presente artigo visa a relatar o trabalho desenvolvido durante o projeto de iniciação científica “O trabalho de tradutor como fonte para a constituição de base de dados”. Através da documentação, recuperação e digitalização do glossário pessoal e de parte do acervo de livros de traduções do falecido tradutor público Gustavo Lohnefink, o referido projeto de pesquisa teve por objetivo principal constituir uma base de dados digital de termos técnicos para o par de línguas alemão – português e colocá-lo à disposição de tradutores(as). Para tanto, foi necessário o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia específica, aqui relatada, que poderá servir como ponto de partida para o tratamento e a recuperação de acervos semelhantes.
A poeta das “moradas da morte”. Sobre a obra lírica de Nelly Sachs
Authors: Galle Helmut 
Published: April 2016

Der Artikel behandelt die deutschsprachige Dichterin Nelly Sachs, die 1966 mit Shmuel Agnon den Nobelpreis für Literatur erhielt. In der Absicht, die Gründe für die Entscheidung der Jury zu beleuchten, wird ein Überblick über Leben und Werk der Autorin gegeben und einige ausgewählte Gedichte analysiert.
A experimentação no teatro contemporâneo alemão
Authors: Mello Suzana Campos de A. 
Published: April 2016

Dieser Artikel beschäftigt sich mit den experimentellen Aspekten des deutschen Theaters der Gegenwart. Ziel der Untersuchung war zunächst eine Aufstellung von experimentellen Elementen in deutschen und brasilianischen Inszenierungen seit 1990, insbesondere von Shakespeare-Stücken. Mit den Daten dieser Aufstellung wurde ein Vergleich und eine Analyse der Inszenierungen in beiden Ländern durchgeführt. Die Aufstellung wurde realisiert mit Hilfe von Rezensionen, die in Zeitungen und Zeitschriften in Brasilien und Deutschland veröffentlicht wurden, und ergänzt durch eigene Beobachtungen zu Videoaufzeichnungen von zwei deutschen und einer brasilianischen Inszenierung. Der Beitrag beschreibt die Begriffe des „Experimentellen” und der „Konvention”, wie sie in der Untersuchung entwickelt wurden. Er stellt die Ergebnisse der Untersuchung vor und reflektiert die Eignung dieser Begriffe, besonders des Experimentellen, im Gegenwartstheater in Brasilien und Deutschland.
Übersetzen als kulturelles Handeln: Zur politischen Motivation der Übersetzungsstrategien in Thomas Braschs Shakespeareübersetzung „Wie es euch gefällt”
Authors: Baumgärtel Stephan 
Published: April 2016

O artigo analisa as diferentes estratégias de tradução usadas por Thomas Brasch na sua tradução alemã de “As You Like It” de William Shakespeare, especialmente quanto aos estímulos à adaptação do texto de partida. O artigo parte da pressuposição que se pode experimentar o valor cultural de uma tradução independentemente de critérios de fidelidade, ou seja, quando se consegue mostrar como uma tradução cita e simultaneamente varia os seus dois (con-)textos culturais. Nesse duplo distanciamento para com o contexto de partida e o contexto da própria língua alvo, manifesta-se a tradução enquanto um ato de intervenção cultural. A tradução de Brasch revela a sua riqueza emocional, lingüística e cultural a partir do momento em que o leitor percebe de que forma a convicção política do autor fundamenta as várias estratégias de tradução.
Tradução, língua alemã e pós-graduação: três relatos, uma diretriz
Authors: Nowinska Magdalena , Oliveira Cristiana , Rossi Emiliano 
Published: April 2016

O presente artigo tem por objetivo apre sentar uma amostra de pesquisas com a língua alemã nos trabalhos de grau da pós-graduação (nível de mestrado) envolvendo a tradução. Seguindo uma tradição que, na Univer sidade de São Paulo, remonta aos anos de 1960, tais trabalhos têm por objetivo apresentar a tradução de textos inéditos, acompanhados de notas e comentários, e – ao contrário dos trabalhos realizados àquela época – são ancorados numa perspectiva teórica dos Estudos da Tradução (Translation Studies na nomenclatura internacional). A partir de três relatos de pesquisas em andamento, procura-se revelar os bastidores do trabalho com os textos, bem como a fase de análise do texto a ser traduzido, que é pautada e aprofund ada por leituras teóricas e realizada paralela e concomitantemente à fase de tradução propriamente dita. Esta última, empreendida em várias etapas, enfoca a cada vez uma dificuldade específica dos diferentes níveis da análise lingüística – e, dependendo do caso, também literária – e sugere a redação de notas, comentários e diferentes tentativas de reescr itura. Ao final do processo, as notas e comentários são selecionados e relacionados com a perspectiva teórica, para que só então se processe a redação final da Dissertação, cuja diretriz é construída numa direção que vai da prática de traduzir para a reflexão.
Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Enhances Angiogenesis and Ameliorates Left Ventricular Dysfunction in a Mouse Model of Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Shindo Tomohiko , Ito Kenta , Ogata Tsuyoshi , Hatanaka Kazuaki , Kurosawa Ryo , Eguchi Kumiko , Kagaya Yuta , Hanawa Kenichiro , Aizawa Kentaro , Shiroto Takashi , Kasukabe Sachie , Miyata Satoshi , Taki Hirofumi , Hasegawa Hideyuki , Kanai Hiroshi , Shimokawa Hiroaki 
Published: April 2016

Objective—
Left ventricular (LV) remodeling after acute myocardial infarction still remains an important issue in cardiovascular medicine. We have recently demonstrated that low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) therapy improves myocardial ischemia in a pig model of chronic myocardial ischemia through enhanced myocardial angiogenesis. In the present study, we aimed to demonstrate whether LIPUS also ameliorates LV remodeling after acute myocardial infarction and if so, to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in the beneficial effects of LIPUS.

Approach and Results—
We examined the effects of LIPUS on LV remodeling in a mouse model of acute myocardial infarction, where the heart was treated with either LIPUS or no-LIPUS 3 times in the first week (days 1, 3, and 5). The LIPUS improved mortality and ameliorated post–myocardial infarction LV remodeling in mice. The LIPUS upregulated the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, phosphorylated ERK, and phosphorylated Akt in the infarcted area early after acute myocardial infarction, leading to enhanced angiogenesis. Microarray analysis in cultured human endothelial cells showed that a total of 1050 genes, including those of the vascular endothelial growth factor signaling and focal adhesion pathways, were significantly altered by the LIPUS. Knockdown with small interfering RNA of either β1-integrin or caveolin-1, both of which are known to play key roles in mechanotransduction, suppressed the LIPUS-induced upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor. Finally, in caveolin-1–deficient mice, the beneficial effects of LIPUS on mortality and post–myocardial infarction LV remodeling were absent.

Conclusions—
These results indicate that the LIPUS therapy ameliorates post–myocardial infarction LV remodeling in mice in vivo, for which mechanotransduction and its downstream pathways may be involved.
Extracellular Matrix–Mediated Maturation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell–Derived Cardiac Monolayer Structure and Electrophysiological Function
Authors: Herron Todd J. , Rocha Andre Monteiro Da , Campbell Katherine F. , Ponce-Balbuena Daniela , Willis B. Cicero , Guerrero-Serna Guadalupe , Liu Qinghua , Klos Matt , Musa Hassan , Zarzoso Manuel , Bizy Alexandra , Furness Jamie , Anumonwo Justus , Mironov Sergey , Jalife José 
Published: April 2016

Background—
Human pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) monolayers generated to date display an immature embryonic-like functional and structural phenotype that limits their utility for research and cardiac regeneration. In particular, the electrophysiological function of hPSC-CM monolayers and bioengineered constructs used to date are characterized by slow electric impulse propagation velocity and immature action potential profiles.

Methods and Results—

Here, we have identified an optimal extracellular matrix for significant electrophysiological and structural maturation of hPSC-CM monolayers. hPSC-CM plated in the optimal extracellular matrix combination have impulse propagation velocities ≈2× faster than previously reported (43.6±7.0 cm/s; n=9) and have mature cardiomyocyte action potential profiles, including hyperpolarized diastolic potential and rapid action potential upstroke velocity (146.5±17.7 V/s; n=5 monolayers). In addition, the optimal extracellular matrix promoted hypertrophic growth of cardiomyocytes and the expression of key mature sarcolemmal (
SCN5A
, Kir2.1, and connexin43) and myofilament markers (cardiac troponin I). The maturation process reported here relies on activation of integrin signaling pathways: neutralization of β1 integrin receptors via blocking antibodies and pharmacological blockade of focal adhesion kinase activation prevented structural maturation.

Conclusions—
Maturation of human stem cell–derived cardiomyocyte monolayers is achieved in a 1-week period by plating cardiomyocytes on PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) coverslips rather than on conventional 2-dimensional cell culture formats, such as glass coverslips or plastic dishes. Activation of integrin signaling and focal adhesion kinase is essential for significant maturation of human cardiac monolayers.