bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ac Breakdown Properties and Solidification States of Solidified Alcohol Aqueous Solutions
Authors: TSUCHIYA RYOHEI , MURAMOTO YUJI , SHIMIZU NORIYUKI 
Published: November 2016

SUMMARYElectrical insulation system using ice at cryogenic temperature has been studied. Ice has excellent electrical breakdown strength at cryogenic temperature. However, electrical weak points such as voids or cracks are easily formed in ice. Therefore, we tried to suppress the formation of voids or cracks by mixture of alcohol. In this paper, ac breakdown voltages of ethylene glycol, 1,3‐propanediol, propylene glycol, or glycerin of solidified aqueous solutions were observed. The following results were obtained. (1) In many cases, the ac breakdown voltages of these solidified alcohol aqueous solutions were higher than that of ice. Average breakdown voltage of ethylene glycol shows the highest value among the tested solutions. It is 1.8 times higher than average value of ice. (2) In order to obtain high breakdown properties, it is necessary to adjust alcohol molar fraction so that solidification goes through sherbet‐like matter. (3) ac breakdown voltages of solidified aqueous solutions have very large dispersion. The breakdown voltage of solidified aqueous solution is clarified to be depending on the solidification state. (4) The solidification state of aqueous solution varies with alcohol concentration, cooling rate, and cooling time.
Impact of Postfault Active Power Recovery of Photovoltaic Power Generation on Transient Stability
Authors: KAWABE KENICHI , MATSUDA ISSEI , TANAKA KAZUYUKI 
Published: November 2016

SUMMARYCurrently, Japanese grid codes require photovoltaic (PV) power generation systems to continue supplying power to the grid as soon as possible even if the systems temporarily stop their operation. Although the fault ride‐through capability was originally proposed for preventing a cascading frequency drop in the power system, the capability has the impact on other instability phenomena such as transient stability. In this study, we focus on the postfault active power recovery of the PV systems. The impact of the recovery speed on the transient stability is investigated under different load conditions, in particular static/dynamic load condition. Numerical examples are carried out for the one‐machine one‐load infinite‐bus system, and the effects of the recovery speed are evaluated by equal area criterion and critical clearing time. As a result, we have found both desirable and undesirable effects on the transient stability depending on the load condition.
Investigation of Water Tree Degradation in Dry‐Cured and Extruded Three‐Layer (E‐E Type) 6.6‐kV Removed XLPE Cables
Authors: KURIHARA TAKASHI , TSUTSUI EIJI , NAKANISHI EIJI , MAKI KIYOSHI , MURAKAWA KENICHI , MORIMOTO KOJI , TAKAHASHI TOSHIHIRO , OKAMOTO TATSUKI 
Published: November 2016

SUMMARYDry‐cured and extruded three‐layer (E‐E type) 6.6‐kV cross‐linked polyethylene (XLPE) cables were introduced into electric power systems more than 30 years ago, but they do not experience failures because of water tree degradation. Also, the degradation index of water treeing for these cables has not been established. Therefore, investigating results of residual breakdown voltage and water tree degradation of these cables will help us plan for cable replacement and determine water tree degradation diagnosis scheduling, and will be fundamental data for cable lifetime evaluation. In this study, the authors measured the ac breakdown voltages of dry‐cured and E‐E type 6.6‐kV XLPE cables removed after 18 to 25 years of operation and observed the water trees in their XLPE insulation. As a result, it was observed that breakdown voltages were larger than the maximum operating voltage (6.9 kV) and the ac voltage for the dielectric withstanding test (10.3 kV). Water trees were mainly bow‐tie water trees and their maximum length was approximately 1 mm. Although the number of measured cables was limited, the lifetime of this type of cable was estimated to be approximately 40 years, even experiencing water immersion.
A LRT Control Method Using Sensor Information in Distribution Systems with a Large Amount of PVs and EVs
Authors: NOSE YOTARO , TSUJI TAKAO , OYAMA TSUTOMU , ITO TAKAHARU , ABE KATSUYA , MINAMI MASAHIRO , ISHIBASHI KAZUNARI 
Published: November 2016

SUMMARYIt is of prime importance to maintain voltage profile within the proper range in distribution systems with a large amount of photovoltaics and electric vehicles (EVs). In particular, there is a possibility that line drop compensation (LDC) logic, which is utilized for the control of load ratio tap transformer (LRT) does not work properly when reverse power flow is included partially. Hence, in this paper, we have developed a new LRT control method based on the sensor information supposing that some section switchgears with sensors are introduced in the future distribution systems. Specifically, the extreme value of voltage profile is estimated by convergence calculation in the section between the section switchgear with sensor and LRT. Moreover, the voltage at the end node can be estimated by LDC method using sensor information of section switchgear. The proposed method was tested using a distribution system model and its effectiveness was shown.
Inhibition of epithelial–mesenchymal transition by cetuximab via the EGFR‐GEP100‐Arf6‐AMAP1 pathway in head and neck cancer
Authors: Matsumoto Yoshifumi , Sakurai Hiroyuki , Kogashiwa Yasunao , Kimura Toru , Matsumoto Yuma , Shionome Takashi , Asano Masatake , Saito Koichiro , Kohno Naoyuki 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundDespite improved survival by the addition of a monoclonal antibody against epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), cetuximab, to chemotherapy or radiotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN), cetuximab by itself is not a potent antiproliferative agent against SCCHN. We aimed to elucidate working mechanism of cetuximab in SCCHN.MethodsThe effect of cetuximab on the proliferation, migration, invasion, epithelial‐mesenchymal transition, and signaling events downstream of the EGFR were investigated in 4 SCCHN cell lines. The in vivo efficacy of cetuximab was evaluated in a xenotransplant model.ResultsCetuximab inhibited migration, invasion, epithelial‐mesenchymal transition, and lymph node metastasis by suppressing EGFR‐GEP100‐Arf6‐AMAP1 pathway, but it did not inhibit cancer cell proliferation.ConclusionThe improved survival by the addition of cetuximab is likely to be attributable to the antiepithelial‐mesenchymal transition action of cetuximab via inhibiting EGFR‐GEP100‐Arf6‐AMAP1 pathway. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 476–485, 2017
First‐line therapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia in patients older than 79 years is feasible and achieves good results: A FILO retrospective study
Authors: Meunier Godelieve , Ysebaert Loic , Nguyen‐Thi Phi Linh , Lepretre Stéphane , Quinquenel Anne , Dupuis Jehan , Lemal Richard , Aurran Thérèse , Tomowiak Cécile , Cymbalista Florence , Dilhuydy Marie Sarah , Brion Annie , Morel Pierre , Cazin Bruno , Leblond Véronique , Cartron Guillaume , Ré Daniel , Béné Marie Christine , Michallet Anne Sophie , Feugier Pierre 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe mean age at diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is 72 years, with 22.8% of patients being older than 80 years. However, the elderly are underrepresented in clinical studies of CLL. We performed a retrospective study of CLL patients aged 80 years or older at the initiation of first‐line therapy in hospitals affiliated with the French intergroup on CLL (French Innovative Leukemia Organization) between 2003 and 2013. Here, we describe the clinical and biological characteristics, treatment, and outcomes for 201 patients. The median age of the cohort was 83.2 years (80–92 years). The median Cumulative Index Rating Scale comorbidity score was 5 and the median creatinine clearance was 48 mL/min (Cockcroft‐Gault formula). At treatment initiation, Binet stage was A (26.4%), B (27.9%), or C (40.3%). Therapy consisted mainly of chlorambucil (65.7%), bendamustine (10.5%), and rituximab (44.3%) as follows: chlorambucil alone (45.3%) or immunochemotherapy (48.3%) with rituximab + chlorambucil (22.7%), rituximab + bendamustine (10.4%), or rituximab + cyclophosphamide + dexamethasone (5.5%). The overall response rate was 66.2% with 31.8% clinical complete remission. The median overall and progression‐free survival from treatment initiation was 53.7 and 18.3 months, respectively. These results suggest that treatment is feasible in this age group, even with immunochemotherapy. Thus, prospective trials should target this population and oncogeriatric evaluation and new targeted therapies should be part of such future trials.
Youth and the Great Recession: Are values, achievement orientation and outlook to the future affected?
Authors: Schoon Ingrid , Mortimer Jeylan 
Published: November 2016

This special section brings together leading experts in psychology and sociology to examine the consequences of the Great Recession for young people's values, achievement orientation, and outlook to the future. Evidence from Europe and the United States suggests that the impact of the recession varies for distinct outcomes and by age, the latter pointing to potential sensitive periods for interventions. Although the direct effects of the recession are not strong, they accelerate pre‐existing trends towards more prolonged and precarious transitions to independence, and are likely to bring with them long‐term scarring with respect to health and well‐being. While feelings of self‐confidence and self‐worth have eroded, young people continue to subscribe to the “American Dream,” the belief that in principle it is possible to make it – even if limitations to one's own capabilities are recognised. Trust in institutions has declined, but support and concern for others have increased, suggesting that in times of economic hardship and uncertainty social relationships become more salient. Young people's response to the recession appears to be less of a “me‐first” reaction than “let's help each other”: a form of “collective agency” to counter the inadequacy of social safety nets.
Regulation of the placental BCRP transporter by PPAR gamma
Authors: Lin Yixin , Bircsak Kristin M. , Gorczyca Ludwik , Wen Xia , Aleksunes Lauren M. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIdentifying regulators of placental breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) expression is critical as downregulation of this transporter may increase exposure of the fetus to xenobiotics. Here, we sought to test whether the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ) regulates BCRP expression in the placenta. To test this, human BeWo placental choriocarcinoma cells were cultured with the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone or the PPARγ antagonist T0070907 for 24 h. Messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of syncytialization markers, GCM1 and hCGβ, as well as BCRP increased with PPARγ agonist treatment. Conversely, BCRP mRNA and protein expression decreased 30%–50% with PPARγ antagonist treatment. Rosiglitazone enhanced BCRP protein expression and transport activity, resulting in a 20% greater efflux of the substrate Hoechst 33342 compared with control cells. These results suggest that PPARγ can upregulate BCRP expression in the placenta, which may be important in understanding mechanisms that protect the fetus from xenobiotic exposure during development.
Transient Distention of Right Posterior Located Sigma, a New Sonographic Sign for the Prenatal Diagnosis of Anal Atresia
Authors: Bronshtein Moshe , Gover Ayala , Beloosesky Ron , Blumenfeld Zeev 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTWe describe a new sonographic sign for the detection of anal atresia in the early midtrimester on transvaginal sonography. In six cases of fetal anal atresia, the finding of a transient, distended, and right‐sided sigmoid colon was observed at 13–16 weeks' gestation. Three cases have undergone pregnancy termination due to multiple anomalies. In the other three, the colonic distension resolved by 19 weeks' gestation. In two of these, the finding was isolated, and no other anomalies were detected. In all six cases, anal atresia or cloaca was confirmed on postabortal autopsy or after delivery. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 45:160–162, 2017
In Vitro Drug and Gene Delivery Using Random Cationic Copolymers Forming Stable and pH‐Sensitive Polymersomes
Authors: Laskar Partha , Dey Joykrishna , Banik Payel , Mandal Mahitosh , Ghosh Sudip Kumar 
Published: November 2016

Stimuli‐sensitive polymeric vesicles or polymersomes as self‐assembled colloidal nanocarriers have received paramount importance for their integral role as delivery system for therapeutics and biotherapeutics. This work describes spontaneous polymersome formation at pH 7, as evidenced by surface tension, steady state fluorescence, dynamic light scattering, and microscopic studies, by three hydrophilic random cationic copolymers synthesized using N,N‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEM) and methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) monomethacrylate in different mole ratios. The results suggest that methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) chains constitute the bilayer membrane of the polymersomes and DMAEM projects toward water constituting the positively charged surface. The polymersomes have been observed to release their encapsulated guest at acidic pH as a result of transformation into polymeric micelles. All these highly biocompatible cationic polymers show successful gene transfection ability as nonviral vector on human cell line with different potential. Thus these polymers prove their utility as a potential delivery system for hydrophilic model drug as well as genetic material.
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On the advancement and software support of decision‐making in focused ultrasound therapy
Authors: Scherrer Alexander , Jakobsson Stefan , Küfer Karl‐Heinz 
Published: November 2016

AbstractFocused ultrasound therapy (FUS) is a modern and promising way for minimally invasive cancer treatment. Recent advances in treatment technology, bio‐physical models, and numerical simulation methods have given rise to a significant curative potential. However, clinical routine of FUS still features classical planning approaches, which widely fail in exploiting this potential. The structure of FUS planning problems strongly suggests interactive multi‐criteria decision‐making concepts in order to improve treatment quality. This research work introduces an multi‐criteria decision‐making approach to FUS planning and explains how to bridge the conceptual gap between the clinical state of the art and this new planning paradigm.
Progesterone receptor and prostaglandins mediate luteinizing hormone‐induced changes in messenger RNAs for ADAMTS proteases in theca cells of bovine periovulatory follicles
Authors: Willis Erin L. , Bridges Phillip J. , Fortune Joanne E. 
Published: November 2016

SUMMARYLittle is known about the ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) family of extracellular proteases in ovarian follicles of non‐rodent species, particularly in theca cells. In the present study, temporal changes in the abundance of mRNA encoding four ADAMTS subtypes and hormonal regulation of mRNA encoding two subtypes were investigated in theca interna cells during the periovulatory period in cattle. Gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) was injected into animals to induce a luteinizing hormone (LH)/follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) surge, and follicles were obtained at 0 hr post‐GnRH (preovulatory) or at 6, 12, 18, or 24 hr (periovulatory). ADAMTS1, ‐2, ‐7, and ‐9 transcript abundance was then determined in the isolated theca interna. ADAMTS1 and ‐9 mRNA levels were up‐regulated at 24 hr post‐GnRH, whereas ADAMTS2 mRNA was higher at 12–24 hr post‐GnRH and ADAMTS7 mRNA increased transiently at 12 hr post‐GnRH compared to other time points. Subsequent in vitro experiments using preovulatory theca interna (0 hr post‐GnRH) showed that application of LH in vitro can mimic the effects of the gonadotropin surge on mRNAs encoding ADAMTS1 and ‐9 and that progesterone/progesterone receptor and/or prostaglandins may regulate the levels of mRNA encoding ADAMTS1 and ‐9 in theca interna, downstream of the LH surge. Time‐ and subtype‐specific changes in ADAMTS mRNA abundance in vivo, and their regulation in vitro by hormones, indicate that ADAMTS family members produced by theca cells may play important roles in follicle rupture and the accompanying tissue remodeling in cattle. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 84: 55–66, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Modeling nonlinear response of fractured rocks and reservoirs
Authors: Berryman James G. 
Published: November 2016

SummarySince the early work of Athey (1930), there have been many attempts to describe the various nonlinear behaviors of rocks and soils in terms of functionals having only a few parameters, while nevertheless being able to fit the complicated available data with satisfactory accuracy. Such approaches have not been universally applied however, and the present analyses are intended to draw attention to the possibility of using such nonlinear fitting methods on old as well as new data sets. In particular, some special emphasis is placed here on re‐examining the well‐known laboratory data of Coyner (1984) on rocks in light of such modeling tools, and we find that the nonlinear approach again has several clear advantages – especially in terms of reducing the number of variables needed to describe the observed behavior of both bulk modulus and porosity of rocks undergoing large changes in pressure. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Power of Biocatalysis: A One‐Pot Total Synthesis of Rhamnolipids from Butane as the Sole Carbon and Energy Source
Authors: Gehring Christian , Wessel Mirja , Schaffer Steffen , Thum Oliver 
Published: November 2016

AbstractMicrobially derived surfactants, so‐called biosurfactants, have drawn much attention in recent years and are expected to replace current petrochemical surfactants, owing to their environmental and toxicological benefits. One strategy to support that goal is to reduce production costs by replacing relatively expensive sugars with cheaper raw materials, such as short‐chain alkanes. Herein, we report the successful one‐pot total synthesis of rhamnolipids, a class of biosurfactants with 12 stereocenters, from butane as sole carbon and energy source through the design of a tailored whole‐cell biocatalyst.
Direct Analysis in Real‐time Mass Spectrometry for Rapid Identification of Traditional Chinese Medicines with Coumarins as Primary Characteristics
Authors: Chen Zhiyong , Yang Yuanyuan , Tao Hongxun , Liao Liping , Li Ye , Zhang Zijia 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIntroductionThe increasing popularity of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) necessitates rapid and reliable methods for controlling their quality. Direct analysis in real‐time mass spectrometry (DART‐MS) represents a novel approach to analysing TCMs.ObjectiveTo develop a quick and reliable method of identifying TCMs with coumarins as primary characteristics.MethodologyDART‐MS coupled with ion trap mass spectrometry was employed to rapidly identify TCMs with coumarins as primary characteristics and to explore the ionisation mechanisms of simple coumarins, furocoumarins and pyranocoumarins in detail. With minimal sample pretreatment, mass spectra of Fraxini Cortex, Angelicae Pubescentis Radix, Peucedani Radix and Psoraleae Fructus samples were obtained within seconds. The operating parameters of the DART ion source (e.g. grid electrode voltage and ionisation gas temperature) were carefully investigated to obtain high‐quality mass spectra. The mass spectra of samples and DART‐MS/MS spectra of marker compounds were used to identify sample materials.ResultsSuccessful authentication was achieved by analysing the same materials of different origins. Some simple coumarins, furocoumarins and pyranocoumarins can be directly detected by DART‐MS as marker compounds.ConclusionOur results demonstrated that DART‐MS can provide a rapid and reliable method for the identification of TCMs containing different configurations of coumarins; the method may also be applicable to other plants. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ENVI‐PV: an interactive Web Client for multi‐criteria life cycle assessment of photovoltaic systems worldwide
Authors: Pérez‐López Paula , Gschwind Benoît , Blanc Philippe , Frischknecht Rolf , Stolz Philippe , Durand Yvonnick , Heath Garvin , Ménard Lionel , Blanc Isabelle 
Published: November 2016

AbstractSolar photovoltaics (PV) is the second largest source of new capacity among renewable energies. The worldwide capacity encompassed 135 GW in 2013 and is estimated to increase to 1721 GW in 2030 and 4674 GW in 2050, according to a prospective high‐renewable scenario. To achieve this production level while minimizing environmental impacts, decision makers must have access to environmental performance data that reflect their high spatial variability accurately. We propose ENVI‐PV (http://viewer.webservice‐energy.org/project_iea), a new interactive tool that provides maps and screening level data, based on weighted average supply chains, for the environmental performance of common PV technologies. Environmental impacts of PV systems are evaluated according to a life cycle assessment approach. ENVI‐PV was developed using a state‐of‐the‐art interoperable and open standard Web Service framework from the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC). It combines the latest life cycle inventories, published in 2015 by the International Energy Agency (IEA) under the Photovoltaic Power Systems Program (PVPS) Task 12, and some inventories previously published from Ecoinvent v2.2 database with solar irradiation estimates computed from the worldwide NASA SSE database. ENVI‐PV is the first tool to propose a worldwide coverage of environmental performance of PV systems using a multi‐criteria assessment. The user can compare the PV environmental performance to the environmental footprint of country electricity mixes. ENVI‐PV is designed as an environmental interactive tool to generate PV technological options and evaluate their performance in different spatial and techno‐economic contexts. Its potential applications are illustrated in this paper with several examples. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhanced stability of low temperature processed perovskite solar cells via augmented polaronic intensity of hole transporting layer
Authors: Arafat Mahmud Md. , Kumar Elumalai Naveen , Baishakhi Upama Mushfika , Wang Dian , Haque Faiazul , Wright Matthew , Howe Chan Kah , Xu Cheng , Uddin Ashraf 
Published: November 2016

The commercial mass production of perovskite solar cells requires full compatibility with roll‐to‐roll processing with enhanced device stability. In line with this, the present work addresses following issues simultaneously from multiple fronts: (i) low temperature processed (140 °C) ZnO is used as electron transport layer (ETL) for fabricating the mixed organic cation based perovskite solar cells, (ii) the expensive hole transporting layer (HTL) spiro‐OMeTAD is replaced with F4TCNQ doped P3HT and (iii) the fabrication method does not incorporate the dopant TBP which is known to induce degradation processes in perovskite layer. All the devices under study were fabricated in ambient conditions. The F4TCNQ doped P3HT (HTL) based devices exhibits 14 times higher device stability compared to the conventional Li‐TFSI/TBP doped P3HT devices. The underlying mechanism behind the enhanced device lifetime in F4TCNQ doped P3HT (HTL) based devices was investigated via in‐depth electronic, ionic and polaronic characterization. The enhanced polaronic property in F4TCNQ doped P3HT HTL device ascertains its superior hole extraction and electron blocking capability; and consequently higher stability retained even after a month of ageing.
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