bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns of Use of Peripheral Nerve Blocks and Trigger Point Injections for Pediatric Headache: Results of a Survey of the American Headache Society Pediatric and Adolescent Section
Authors: Szperka Christina L. , Gelfand Amy A. , Hershey Andrew D. 
Published: October 2016

ObjectiveTo describe current patterns of use of nerve blocks and trigger point injections for treatment of pediatric headache.BackgroundPeripheral nerve blocks are often used to treat headaches in adults and children, but the available studies and practice data from adult headache specialists have shown wide variability in diagnostic indications, sites injected, and medication(s) used. The purpose of this study was to describe current practice patterns in the use of nerve blocks and trigger point injections for pediatric headache disorders.MethodsA survey was created in REDCap, and sent via email to the 82 members of the Pediatric and Adolescent Section of the American Headache Society in June 2015. The survey queried about current practice and use of nerve blocks, as well as respondents' opinions regarding gaps in the evidence for use of nerve blocks in this patient population.ResultsForty‐one complete, five incomplete, and three duplicate responses were submitted (response rate complete 50%). About 78% of the respondents identified their primary specialty as Child Neurology, and 51% were certified in headache medicine. Twenty‐six (63%) respondents perform nerve blocks themselves, and seven (17%) refer patients to another provider for nerve blocks. Chronic migraine with status migrainosus was the most common indication for nerve blocks (82%), though occipital neuralgia (79%), status migrainosus (73%), chronic migraine without flare (70%), post‐traumatic headache (70%), and new daily persistent headache (67%) were also common indications. The most commonly selected clinically meaningful response for status migrainosus was ≥50% reduction in severity, while for chronic migraine this was a ≥50% decrease in frequency at 4 weeks. Respondents inject the following locations: 100% inject the greater occipital nerve, 69% lesser occipital nerve, 50% supraorbital, 46% trigger point injections, 42% auriculotemporal, and 34% supratrochlear. All respondents used local anesthetic, while 12 (46%) also use corticosteroid (8 bupivacaine only, 4 each lidocaine + bupivacaine, lidocaine + corticosteroid, bupivacaine + corticosteroid, lidocaine + bupivacaine + corticosteroid, and 2 lidocaine only).ConclusionDespite limited evidence, nerve blocks are commonly used by pediatric headache specialists. There is considerable variability among clinicians as to injection site(s) and medication selection, indicating a substantial gap in the literature to guide practice, and supporting the need for further research in this area.
Injections of Intravenous Contrast for Computerized Tomography Scans Precipitate Migraines in Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia Subjects at Risk of Paradoxical Emboli: Implications for Right‐to‐Left Shunt Risks
Authors: Patel Trishan , Elphick Amy , Jackson James E. , Shovlin Claire L. 
Published: October 2016

ObjectiveTo evaluate if injection of intravenous particles may provoke migraines in subjects with right‐to‐left shunts due to pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (AVMs).BackgroundMigraine headaches commonly affect people with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), especially those with pulmonary AVMs that provide right‐to‐left shunts. In our clinical practice, patients occasionally reported acute precipitation of migraine headaches following injection of technetium‐labeled albumin macroaggregates for nuclear medicine scans.MethodsSelf‐reported migraine features and exacerbations were examined in HHT subjects with and without pulmonary AVMs, for a series of noninvasive and invasive investigations, using an unbiased online survey.ResultsOne hundred and sixty‐six subjects were classified as having both HHT and migraines. HHT subjects with migraines were more likely to have pulmonary AVMs (P < .0001). HHT subjects with pulmonary AVMs were more likely to report photophobia (P = .010), “flashes of light” (P = .011), or transient visual loss (P = .040). Pulse oximetry, x‐rays, ultrasound, and computerized tomography (CT) scans without intravenous contrast medium rarely, if ever, provoked migraines, but unenhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was reported to exacerbate migraines by 14/124 (11.2%) subjects. One hundred and fourteen subjects had both enhanced and unenhanced CT examinations: studies with contrast media were more commonly reported to start (9/114 [7.8%]), and/or worsen migraines (18/114 [15.7%]), compared to those undertaken without contrast medium (P < .01), or after simple blood tests (P < .05). Additionally, migraine exacerbation was reported by 9/90 (10%) after contrast echocardiography, 2/44 (4.5%) after nuclear medicine scans, and 10/154 (6.5%) after blood tests.ConclusionsHHT subjects frequently report migraine exacerbation following blood tests, contrast echocardiograms, MRI imaging, and CT studies performed with intravenous contrast medium. Since air emboli are recognized to complicate intravenous injections, particularly those given by a pressurized pump during contrast enhanced CT, future studies should re‐evaluate whether particulate emboli provoke migraines.
Novel algorithm for management of acute epididymitis
Authors: Hongo Hiroshi , Kikuchi Eiji , Matsumoto Kazuhiro , Yazawa Satoshi , Kanao Kent , Kosaka Takeo , Mizuno Ryuichi , Miyajima Akira , Saito Shiro , Oya Mototsugu 
Published: October 2016

ObjectivesTo identify predictive factors for the severity of epididymitis and to develop an algorithm guiding decisions on how to manage patients with this disease.MethodsA retrospective study was carried out on 160 epididymitis patients at Keio University Hospital. We classified cases into severe and non‐severe groups, and compared clinical findings at the first visit. Based on statistical analyses, we developed an algorithm for predicting severe cases. We validated the algorithm by applying it to an external cohort of 96 patients at Tokyo Medical Center. The efficacy of the algorithm was investigated by a decision curve analysis.ResultsA total of 19 patients (11.9%) had severe epididymitis. Patient characteristics including older age, previous history of diabetes mellitus and fever, as well as laboratory data including a higher white blood cell count, C‐reactive protein level and blood urea nitrogen level were independently associated with severity. A predictive algorithm was created with the ability to classify epididymitis cases into three risk groups. In the Keio University Hospital cohort, 100%, 23.5%, and 3.4% of cases in the high‐, intermediate‐, and low‐risk groups, respectively, became severe. The specificity of the algorithm for predicting severe epididymitis proved to be 100% in the Keio University Hospital cohort and 98.8% in the Tokyo Medical Center cohort. The decision curve analysis also showed the high efficacy of the algorithm.ConclusionsThis algorithm might aid in decision‐making for the clinical management of acute epididymitis.
Calmodulin as a downstream gene of octopamine‐OAR α1 signalling mediates olfactory attraction in gregarious locusts
Authors: Xu L. , Li L. , Yang P. , Ma Z. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe migratory locust (Locusta migratoria) shows aggregative traits in nymph marching bands and swarm formations through mutual olfactory attraction of conspecifics. However, olfactory preference in different nymph stages in gregarious locusts is not sufficiently explored. In this study, we found that the nymph olfactory preference for gregarious volatiles exhibited obvious variations at different developmental stages. The gregarious locusts show attractive response to conspecific volatiles from the third stadium. Transcriptome comparison between third‐ and fourth‐stadium nymphs showed that the G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR) pathways are significantly enriched. Amongst the genes present in GPCR pathways, the expression level of calmodulin in locust brains significantly increased from the third‐ to the fourth‐stadium nymphs. Amongst the four octopamine receptors (OARs) belonging to the GPCR family, only OAR α1 showed similar expression patterns to those of calmodulin, and knockdown of OAR α1 reduced the expression level of calmodulin. RNA interference of calmodulin decreased locomotion and induced the loss of olfactory attraction in gregarious locusts. Moreover, the activation of OAR α1 in calmodulin‐knockdown locusts did not induce olfactory attraction of the nymphs to gregarious volatiles. Thus, calmodulin as a downstream gene of octopamine‐OAR α1 (OA‐OAR α1) signalling mediates olfactory attraction in gregarious locusts. Overall, this study provides novel insights into the mechanism of OA‐OAR α1 signalling involved in olfactory attraction of gregarious locusts.
Nonlinear negative transmittance at a CW 980‐nm laser diodes pumping in Yb3+:CaF2 nanocrystals‐embedded glass ceramics
Authors: Chen Zhi , Lai Sinan , Zhang Hang , Jia Hong , Wang Ting , Chen Qiuqun , Dong Guoping , Jiang Chun , Qiu Jianrong 
Published: October 2016

AbstractCooperative upconversion luminescence (CUCL) occurs in spectral regions in which single ions do not have energy levels. However, all results reported so far are concentrated on luminescence properties from Yb3+ ions‐doped various hosts. Here, we report the observation of nonlinear negative transmittance (NNT) at continuous‐wavelength (CW) 980‐nm laser diodes (LDs) pumping in silicate oxyfluoride glass ceramics (GCs)‐containing CaF2:Yb3+ nanocrystals. The unique optical nonlinearity is analyzed based on energy‐level transitions, dynamic evolution, rate equation, and power transmission equation, which can be explained as the cooperative optical absorption for the intense CUCL of Yb3+ ions. The NNT in the CaF2:Yb3+ nanocrystals‐embedded GCs can be tailored with the power of a CW 980‐nm LDs, which possesses potential for the development of future optical limiters and switches.
Enhanced dielectric and microwave absorption properties of Cr/Al2O3 coatings deposited by low‐power plasma spraying
Authors: Zhou Liang , Chen Meng , Dong Yanli , Yuan Zhanwei 
Published: October 2016

AbstractLow‐power plasma‐sprayed Cr/Al2O3 coatings have been developed for their potential application as broad bandwidth, thin thickness, lightweight, and strong microwave‐absorbing materials. The dielectric and microwave absorption properties of the as‐sprayed coatings were studied in the X‐band (from 8.2 to 12.4 GHz). High complex permittivity of the coatings was obtained because of a large number of internal boundaries and the conductive networks. Meanwhile, a significant enhancement of microwave absorption properties of the coating was achieved due to the enhanced interfacial polarization and conductance loss. The reflection loss (RL) <−10 dB of the Al2O3–15Cr coating was obtained from 9.8 to 11.4 GHz by choosing an appropriate coating thickness, and an optimal minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of −45.35 dB was achieved at 10.3 GHz with a thin thickness of 1.32 mm.
Alveolar ridge preservation after tooth extraction: a Bayesian Network meta‐analysis of grafting materials efficacy on prevention of bone height and width reduction
Authors: Iocca Oreste , Farcomeni Alessio , Pardiñas Lopez Simon , Talib Huzefa S. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAimsTo conduct a traditional meta‐analysis and a Bayesian Network meta‐analysis to synthesize the information coming from randomized controlled trials on different socket grafting materials and combine the resulting indirect evidence in order to make inferences on treatments that have not been compared directly.Materials and MethodsRCTs were identified for inclusion in the systematic review and subsequent statistical analysis. Bone height and width remodelling were selected as the chosen summary measures for comparison. First, a series of pairwise meta‐analyses were performed and overall mean difference (MD) in mm with 95% CI was calculated between grafted versus non‐grafted sockets. Then, a Bayesian Network meta‐analysis was performed to draw indirect conclusions on which grafting materials can be considered most likely the best compared to the others.ResultsFrom the six included studies, seven comparisons were obtained. Traditional meta‐analysis showed statistically significant results in favour of grafting the socket compared to no‐graft both for height (MD 1.02, 95% CI 0.44–1.59, p value < 0.001) than for width (MD 1.52 95% CI 1.18–1.86, p value <0.000001) remodelling. Bayesian Network meta‐analysis allowed to obtain a rank of intervention efficacy.ConclusionsOn the basis of the results of the present analysis, socket grafting seems to be more favourable than unassisted socket healing. Moreover, Bayesian Network meta‐analysis indicates that freeze‐dried bone graft plus membrane is the most likely effective in the reduction of bone height remodelling. Autologous bone marrow resulted the most likely effective when width remodelling was considered. Studies with larger samples and less risk of bias should be conducted in the future in order to further strengthen the results of this analysis.
Phronesis: practical wisdom the role of professional practice knowledge in the clinical reasoning of Bobath instructors
Authors: Vaughan‐Graham Julie , Cott Cheryl 
Published: October 2016

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesClinical reasoning is an essential aspect of clinical practice, however is largely ignored in the current rehabilitation sciences evidence base. Literature related to clinical reasoning and clinical expertise has evolved concurrently although rehabilitation reasoning frameworks remain relatively generic. The purpose of this study was to explicate the clinical reasoning process of Bobath instructors of a widely used neuro‐rehabilitation approach, the Bobath concept.MethodsA qualitative interpretive description approach consisting of stimulated recall using video‐recorded treatment sessions and in‐depth interviews. Purposive sampling was used to recruit members of the International Bobath Instructors Training Association (IBITA). Interview transcripts were transcribed verbatim providing the raw data. Data analysis was progressive, iterative, and inductive.ResultsTwenty‐two IBITA instructors from 7 different countries participated. Ranging in clinical experience from 12 to 40 years, and instructor experience from 1 to 35 years. Three themes were developed, (a) a Bobath clinical framework, (b) person‐centered, and (c) a Bobath reasoning approach, highlighting the role of practical wisdom, phronesis in the clinical reasoning process. In particular the role of visuospatial‐kinesthetic perception, an element of technical expertise, was illuminated as an integral aspect of clinical reasoning in this expert group.ConclusionsThis study provides an interpretive understanding of the clinical reasoning process used by IBITA instructors illustrating an inactive embodied view of clinical reasoning, specifically the role of phronesis, requiring further investigation in nonexpert Bobath therapists, as well as in novice and experienced therapists in other specialty areas.
Arteriosclerosis in the ventral aorta and epicarditis in the bulbus arteriosus of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L)
Authors: Dalum A S , Kristthorsdottir K H , Griffiths D J , Bjørklund K , Poppe T T 
Published: October 2016

AbstractSpontaneous mortality of seemingly healthy, farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L) is an increasing problem in Norwegian aquaculture. In this study, we present a morphological study of the previously undescribed syndrome of arteriosclerosis of the ventral aorta and epicarditis of the adjacent bulbus arteriosus found in farmed Atlantic salmon, with wild‐captured fish as a control group. Both the ventral aorta and epicardium are vital for correct arterial compliance and vascular resistance in the respiratory capillaries of the gills. We discuss the possible implications of ventral aorta arteriosclerosis and epicarditis for blood vascular health and in particular for the increasing frequency of spontaneous gill bleeding in farmed salmon. As both these conditions primarily occur in farmed salmon, we suggest that they should be considered pathological.
A simplified method to estimate Diphyllobothrium spp. infection in salmonids
Authors: Kuhn J A , Knudsen R , Kristoffersen R , Amundsen P‐A 
Published: October 2016

AbstractSome fish parasites constitute severe management problems as they may cause mortality of their fish host or are important zoonoses of humans. Parasite assessments are therefore critical to keep track of infections. If conventional sampling techniques can be simplified, parasite assessments might be easier to obtain, less time‐consuming and more extensive. In this study, we compare the assessed number of Diphyllobothrium spp. cysts (CYST) with the counted number of Diphyllobothrium spp. plerocercoid larvae recovered using a conventional digestive technique (LARV). The aim was to determine the potential of using CYST as a simplified methodology for assessing Diphyllobothrium spp. infection in salmonids. In total, 365 brown trout and 424 Arctic charr were sampled from nine lakes in subarctic Norway. Strong correlation, significant linear relationship and large amount of explained variation were found between log10CYST and log10LARV in both fish species. The method had a slight, but not significant tendency to work better in charr compared to trout. In addition, absolute difference between CYST and LARV increased at parasite intensities >100 indicating that the method has reduced functionality when estimating parasite intensity in heavily infected salmonid populations. However, overall, using this simplified and less time‐consuming methodology, a good indication of Diphyllobothrium spp. intensity, abundance and prevalence was obtained. We suggest that this method provides a sound proxy of the Diphyllobothrium spp. burden and have the potential to be used in parasite assessment during fish monitoring and fisheries management surveys, particularly if the time and resources for detailed parasite studies are not available.
Diffusive‐convective model considering the shrinkage applied for drying of pears (pyrus spp.)
Authors: Dotto Guilherme L. , Souza Tiago B. , Simões Marcia R. , Morejon Camilo F. M. , Moreira Marcos F. Pinto 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn this work, a diffusive‐convective model with and without external resistance was applied to examine in detail the drying of pears (Pyrus spp.). The model was based on differential partial equations to represent the moisture content and temperature profiles along the operation. These equations were solved by the orthogonal collocation method. The drying experiments were performed with pear slices, under conditions of natural and forced air convection, at 40 and 80 °C. It was found that the diffusive‐convective model was able to predict the experimental profiles of moisture content and temperature during the pears drying. The effective mass diffusivity was two orders of magnitude higher, for the model with external resistance. The external mass transfer resistance should be considered into the model for low values of Biot number (BiM < 0.05). Also, it was verified a low sensibility of the predicted moisture content and temperature, regarding to the effective mass diffusivity (DEF) and effective thermal conductivity (kEF).Practical ApplicationsThe diffusive‐convective model with shrinkage provides a realistic and physical interpretation of the drying operation. So, this model can be applied in several cases where the shrinkage phenomena occur. Using this model, the correct time necessary to reduce the moisture content of the material, from the initial value to the commercial value, can be precisely predicted. In this way, it is possible to save energy in the drying operation.
Patient adherence in following a prescribed diet and micronutrient supplements after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: our experience during 1 year of follow‐up
Authors: Schiavo L. , Scalera G. , Pilone V. , De Sena G. , Ciorra F. R. , Barbarisi A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundOne of the most effective surgeries for sustainable weight loss in morbidly obese patients is laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). The present study aimed to assess the adherence of LSG patients with respect to following post‐operative dietary requirements and micronutrient supplementation, as well as to investigate their perceived barriers in achieving optimal adherence.MethodsRetrospective data analysis was performed (3, 6, 9 and 12 months after LSG) using the medical records of 96 morbidly obese patients who had undergone LSG at our institution during 2011–2013. Data collected from patient records were: adherence to prescribed diet; adherence to prescribed consumption of fruit, vegetables, legumes and cereals; use of prescribed micronutrient supplements; and barriers to diet and micronutrient therapy adherence. Data were analysed using spss, version 14.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).ResultsAt 3, 6, 9 and 12 months post‐LSG, the rates of patient non‐adherence to a prescribed diet were 39%, 45%, 51% and 74%, respectively. In particular, there was a low consumption of fruit, vegetables, legumes and cereals compared to the post‐surgery prescription. In addition, the rates of patient non‐adherence to prescribed micronutrient supplements at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months post‐LSG were 43%, 51%, 59% and 67%, respectively. The main reasons for patient non‐adherence to diet were poor self‐discipline (72%) and poor family support (11%) whereas difficulty swallowing pills or capsules (61%) and cost (20%) were reported as the main barriers to post‐LSG adherence.ConclusionsMorbidly obese patients who have undergone LSG do not follow exactly the post‐operative dietary guidelines, including micronutrient therapy.
Accessing hospital packaged foods and beverages: the importance of a seated posture when eating
Authors: Bell A. , Tapsell L. , Walton K. , Yoxall A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundHospitalised and community dwelling older people (aged 65 years and over) have difficulties opening certain food and beverage items (e.g. cheese portions and tetra packs) served in public hospitals. Previously, the role of hand strength on successful pack opening has been explored in a seated position. However, because many people in hospital eat in bed, the present laboratory study examined the differences between participants opening a selection of products in a hospital bed and a chair.MethodsThe present study used a qualitative method (satisfaction) and quantitative methods (grip and pinch strength, dexterity, time and attempts) in two conditions (bed; chair) in a sample of well older community dwelling adults (n = 34). Packs tested included foil sealed thickened pudding, foil sealed thickened water, tetra pack, dessert, custard, jam, cereal, honey sachet and cheese portions.ResultsHoney sachets, cheese portions, foil sealed thickened pudding and tetra packs were the most difficult packs to open, with 15% of cheese portions unable to be opened in either the bed or chair posture. Although grip strength was consistent for each posture, pinch grips and dexterity were adversely affected by the bed posture. Lying in a hospital bed required greater pinch strength and dexterity to open packs.ConclusionsEating in a seated position when in hospital has been shown to improve intake. The present study demonstrates that eating in a seated posture is also advantageous for opening the food and beverage packs used in the NSW hospital food service and supports the notion that patients should sit to eat in hospital.