bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organisation and formal activism: insights from the anarchist tradition
Authors: Ferretti Federico 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to contribute for the special number Protest and Activism With(out) Organisation.

Design/methodology/approach
Elisée Reclus (1830-1905) wrote in 1851 that “anarchy is the highest expression of order”. This statement, clashing with the bourgeois commonplaces on anarchy as chaos, anticipated the theories, elaborated collectively by the anarchist geographers Reclus, Pëtr Kropotkin (1842-1921), and Léon Metchnikoff (1838-1888), on mutual aid and cooperation as the bases of a society more rationally organised than the State and capitalist one. If a (minority) part of the anarchist movement, in the following decades, assumed this sort of “natural order” to argue that there was no necessity of a political organisation, many militants stated on the contrary the necessity of a formal anarchist (or anarcho-syndicalist) organisation to prepare the revolution and to put in practice the principle of an horizontal and federalist society starting from daily life.

Findings
The author’s main argument is that the idea of a public and formalized anarchist organisation has been consistent with the claims of the anarchist geographers for the possibility of an ordered anarchist society and that it was a very geographical conception, as the spatial and territorial activity patterns of anarchist individuals, groups, and federations was a central issue among anarchist organisers.

Originality/value
Drawing on present literature on geography and anarchism and on the multidisciplinary transnational turn of anarchist studies, the author addresses, through primary sources, the contentions and openings of the organisational question in anarchism from Reclus, Kropotkin, and Metchnikoff to the anarchist federations of present day, and its links with the issue of constructive anarchism and with the problem of violence.
Comorbid autoimmune diseases in patients with sarcoidosis: A nationwide case–control study in Taiwan
Authors: Wu Chi‐Hung , Chung Pei‐I. , Wu Chen‐Yi , Chen Yen‐Ta , Chiu Yun‐Wen , Chang Yun‐Ting , Liu Han‐Nan 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe association between sarcoidosis and autoimmune comorbidities has been reported, however, it has seldom been confirmed by a large nationwide study. Our study aimed to clarify the association between sarcoidosis and autoimmune comorbidities in the Taiwanese. A total of 1237 patients with sarcoidosis and 4948 age‐ and sex‐matched control subjects were selected from the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan from 1997 to 2010. Multiple logistic regressions were performed to calculate the odds of comorbidities between the two groups. The prevalence of sarcoidosis was 2.17/100 000 individuals in Taiwan. Sarcoidosis patients tended to run a higher risk of autoimmune comorbidities than the control group (17.6% vs 9.4%, P < 0.05). Autoimmune thyroid disease (adjusted odd ratio [aOR], 1.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05–1.64), Sjögren's syndrome (aOR, 11.6; 95% CI, 4.36–31.0) and ankylosing spondylitis (aOR, 3.80; 95% CI, 2.42–5.97) were significantly associated with sarcoidosis. The sex‐stratified analyses were carried out to demonstrate a significant association of sarcoidosis with ankylosing spondylitis in both sexes, but with autoimmune thyroid disease in male patients and with Sjögren's syndrome female patients, respectively. Besides, the diagnosis of the autoimmune comorbidities strongly associated with sarcoidosis tended to be established after that of sarcoidosis. This study demonstrated that patients with sarcoidosis tended to have autoimmune thyroid disease, Sjögren's syndrome and ankylosing spondylitis, and the diagnosis of sarcoidosis usually preceded that of associated comorbidities. Clinicians should be alert to autoimmune comorbidities in patients with sarcoidosis.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis of first‐pass success rates in emergency department intubation: Creating a benchmark for emergency airway care
Authors: Park Louise , Zeng Irene , Brainard Andrew 
Published: October 2016

AbstractObjectiveMany EDs have begun to evaluate their airway performance. The first‐pass success (FPS) rate is a commonly used marker of proficiency, and has been associated with rates of adverse events. The aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis is to quantify the ED FPS rates and summarise the rates of adverse events associated with endotracheal intubation.MethodsA structured literature search was performed through MEDLINE and EMBASE. Research published since 2000 was included if it prospectively collected data on all patients intubated in the ED and reported the FPS rates. Data on demographics, indication, FPS rates, adverse events, proportion by RSI and proportion by emergency medicine doctors were extracted. Pooled mean FPS rates were estimated using a random effects model.ResultsThe literature search generated 21 162 articles. Full‐text review identified 16 publications for meta‐analysis. This included a total of 42 081 intubations from 83 institutions, in 10 countries. The FPS rate was 84.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] 80.1–87.4] in the ‘ED‐All’ group and 81.8% (95% CI 76.3–86.2) in the ‘Trauma‐Only’ group. The incidence rates of commonly reported adverse events were hypoxia 6.4% (95% CI 2.5–11.9), hypotension 3.0% (95% CI 1.5–4.9), oesophageal intubation 3.5% (95% CI 2.3–4.9), greater than three attempts 0.8% (95% CI 0.4–1.4), cricothyrotomy 0.3% (95% CI 0.1–0.5) and peri‐intubation cardiac arrest 0.6% (95% CI 0.2–1.0).ConclusionResearch published in the last 16 years shows a mean ED FPS rate of 84.1%. This represents the best available published data that can be used to benchmark emergency airway performance.
Does Guidewire Exchange Influence Infection Rate Related to Catheters Used for Vascular Access in Children on Chronic Hemodialysis?
Authors: Rus Rina R , Battelino Nina , Ponikvar Rafael , Premru Vladimir , Novljan Gregor 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA central venous catheter (CVC) can either be inserted “de novo” or placed by guidewire exchange (GWE). From September 1998 to September 2015, 32 children (19 boys, 13 girls) were hemodialyzed in our unit by using a CVC. The mean age at CVC insertion was 12.6 ± 0.5 years. A total of 121 uncuffed catheters were placed, either “de novo” or by GWE in 64 (52.9%) and 57 (47.1%) cases, respectively. The most frequent cause for line revision was catheter dysfunction in 40/121 (33.1%) patients. The overall incidence of bacteremia was 1.5/1000 catheter‐days. The incidence in newly inserted and GWE catheters was 1.4 and 1.7/1000 catheter‐days, respectively. The difference did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.939). The infection rate correlated with patient age, and was higher in younger children (P = 0.006). GWE is an effective option of line revision, and did not influence the infection rate in our study.
The “Tears of the Virgin” at Lakes Entrance, southeast Australia were made by the intertidal barnacle Chthamalus antennatus (Cirripedia: Thoracica) and cyanobacteria
Authors: BUCKERIDGE John S. , NEWMAN William A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractCurious eroded depressions, most resembling an eye shedding an elongate tear, are found in gently sloping, intertidal, carbonate‐rich arenite outcropping on the sea coast near Lakes Entrance, Victoria, southeast Australia. The depressions, known locally as “Tears of the Virgin,” are evidently formed by multiple generations of a barnacle, Chthamalus antennatus Darwin, 1854 in association with cyanobacteria. While the round part of a depression offers the barnacle a modicum of protection from impacts during high tides, it is also partially inhabited by cyanobacteria, which extend into and tend to fill the elongate tear. As such, this appears to be the first case of mutualism between a higher invertebrate and cyanobacteria, with the cyanobacteria reducing the barnacle's risk of desiccation while receiving metabolic wastes from it during low tides. It is also the first record of a balanomorph barnacle eroding calcareous arenite beneath its shell, the net effect of which would be expected to reduce its adhesion to the substrate. However, the siliceous residue, resulting from the barnacle's dissolution of the more than 80% of the calcite‐rich sedimentary rock, is sequestered in delicate folds on the inside of the shell wall as it grows. A brief review of cirripedes capable of excavation includes the first photographic documentation of excavation of a mollusc shell by a verrucomorph.
Am I too old for this, Doctor? Using population life expectancy to guide clinical decision‐making
Authors: Broad Joanna B , Dunstan Kim , Claridge Annabelle , Harris Roger 
Published: October 2016

ObjectivePrognostication is important in clinical decision‐making, especially for older people. The aim was to present estimates of life expectancy for older people in New Zealand.MethodsStatistics New Zealand age–sex‐specific death rates were used to derive quartiles of expected years of life remaining in people aged over 65 years.ResultsGiven current patterns and trends in New Zealand death rates, 50% of women reaching age 80 years in 2016 can expect to live at least another 10.5 years, 25% will live over 14.7 years, and 25% will die within 6.2 years. Comparable results for men reaching age 80 years in 2016 are 8.5 years, 12.7 years and 4.6 years, respectively. Of those reaching age 90 years in 2016, median expected years of life left is 4.2 years for women and 3.4 years for men.ConclusionDemographic norms are useful as a guide when specific predictive tools are unavailable.
Public Debt Issuance Impact on Management Forecasting Frequency: Evidence from Regulation Fair Disclosure
Authors: Mo Kyoungwon , Kim Boyoung 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe examine firms' strategic management disclosure policies on debt offerings and their consequences on the cost of debt, considering Regulation Fair Disclosure (FD). We find that firms issue more management disclosures before debt offerings and witness pronounced increases in management forecasting after Regulation FD, suggesting that Regulation FD affects their disclosure policy before debt offerings. Furthermore, firms with high information asymmetry release more management disclosures before debt offerings, and creditors reward increased public disclosures with a lower cost of debt. We believe that this study contributes to the literature on debt offerings and the impact of Regulation FD.
Does positron emission tomography/computed tomography change management in colorectal cancer?
Authors: Falconer Rachel , Connor Saxon , Balasingam Adrian , Eglinton Tim 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundPositron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is used pre‐operatively in patients with metastatic or recurrent colorectal cancer to identify those who have potentially curative disease. However, a recent randomized trial questioned the added benefit of PET/CT over conventional imaging in patients with liver metastases. The aim of this study was to determine the proportion of patients with colorectal cancer in whom PET/CT altered surgical management, in a single tertiary centre.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of all patients with colorectal cancer who had a PET/CT for colorectal cancer, funded by the Canterbury District Health Board between 2010 and 2014.ResultsSome 111 PET/CT scans were performed on 105 patients. A total of 38% of PET/CT were for patients with known or suspected liver metastases, 23% for suspected local recurrence and 18% for known or suspected lung metastases. Five scans were for post‐operative patients with a rising carcinoembryonic antigen and no attributable source on conventional imaging. PET/CT identified additional extrahepatic sites of disease in 19 of 111 (17%) scans in patients deemed to have potentially operable disease. Overall, PET/CT altered surgical management following six of 42 (14%) scans for patients with liver metastases, four of 20 (20%) scans for patients with lung metastases and six of 26 (23%) scans for patients with local recurrence.Conclusion
PET/CT remains a useful adjunct to conventional imaging in the pre‐operative workup of patients with colorectal cancer.
Clinical manifestations and pathogenesis of cutaneous lymphomas: current status and future directions
Authors: Rubio‐Gonzalez Belen , Zain Jasmine , Rosen Steven T. , Querfeld Christiane 
Published: October 2016

SummaryThe primary cutaneous lymphomas are a heterogeneous group of T‐, Natural Killer‐ and B‐ cell neoplasms with a wide range of clinical and pathological presentations, and with very different prognoses compared to systemic lymphomas. Recent studies have shown that the skin microenvironment, which is composed of various immune cell subsets as well as their spatial distribution and T‐cell interactions through different chemokines and cytokines, has an important role in the development and pathogenesis of cutaneous lymphomas and has assisted in the development of novel and more effective immunotherapies. The following review will focus on the major subtypes of primary cutaneous lymphomas, including the clinical and histological patterns, molecular hallmarks, and current and future treatment strategies.
Synthetic non‐peptide low molecular weight agonists of the relaxin receptor 1
Authors: Agoulnik Alexander I , Agoulnik Irina U , Hu Xin , Marugan Juan 
Published: October 2016

Relaxin is a small heterodimeric peptide hormone of the insulin/relaxin superfamily produced mainly in female and male reproductive organs. It has potent antifibrotic, vasodilatory and angiogenic effects and regulates the normal function of various physiological systems. Preclinical studies and recent clinical trials have shown the promise of recombinant relaxin as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of cardiovascular and fibrotic diseases. However, there are the universal drawbacks of peptide‐based pharmacology that apply to relaxin: a short half‐life in vivo requires its continuous delivery, and there are high costs of production, storage and treatment, as well as the possibility of immune responses. All these issues can be resolved by the development of low non‐peptide MW agonists of the relaxin receptors which are stable, bioavailable, easily synthesized and specific. In this review, we describe the discovery and characterization of the first series of such compounds. The lead compound, ML290, binds to an allosteric site of the relaxin GPCR, RXFP1. ML290 shows high activity and efficacy, measured by cAMP response, in cells expressing endogenous or transfected RXFP1. Relaxin‐like effects of ML290 were shown in various functional cellular assays in vitro. ML290 has excellent absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion properties and in vivo stability. The identified series of low MW agonists does not activate rodent RXFP1 receptors and thus, the production of a RXFP1 humanized mouse model is needed for preclinical studies. The future analysis and clinical perspectives of relaxin receptor agonists are discussed.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Recent Progress in the Understanding of Relaxin Family Peptides and their Receptors. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.10/issuetoc
Developing tailored positive parenting messages for a clinic‐based communication programme
Authors: Weaver N. L. , Weaver T. L. , Nicks S. E. , Jupka K. A. , Sallee H. , Jacobsen H. , Henley W. , Jaques M. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundHealth care providers fill a central role in the prevention of both child abuse and neglect (CA/N) and unintentional childhood injury. Health communication interventions hold promise for promoting attitudes and behaviours among parents that increase positive parenting practices, which may be linked to decreased rates of intentional and unintentional childhood injuries. This manuscript describes the development of ‘RISE Up’, an ambulatory clinic‐based childhood injury prevention programme that provides tailored, injury prevention print materials to parents of children ages 0–5.MethodsFifteen semi‐structured key informant interviews were conducted with clinic healthcare providers and staff to develop communication strategies and materials for caregivers. Cognitive response testing was then conducted with 20 caregivers of the priority population to assess all materials. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and analyzed using thematic coding methods.ResultsFormative research revealed that health care providers and caregivers were very responsive to messages and materials. Health care providers reported that abuse and neglect were particularly relevant to their patients and noted several benefits to implementing the RISE Up programme in a health care setting. Caregivers generally found messages on reducing the risks of injuries, as well as the graphics displayed in the RISE Up programme to be helpful.ConclusionsAddressing the common determinants of both intentional and unintentional childhood injury through customized print materials may be a useful component of comprehensive prevention efforts to address childhood injury risk with greater impact. Providers and parents responded favourably to this communication strategy.
Piecewise‐planar Reconstruction of Multi‐room Interiors with Arbitrary Wall Arrangements
Authors: Mura C. , Mattausch O. , Pajarola R. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractReconstructing the as‐built architectural shape of building interiors has emerged in recent years as an important and challenging research problem. An effective approach must be able to faithfully capture the architectural structures and separate permanent components from clutter (e.g. furniture), while at the same time dealing with defects in the input data. For many applications, higher‐level information on the environment is also required, in particular the shape of individual rooms. To solve this ill‐posed problem, state‐of‐the‐art methods assume constrained input environments with a 2.5D or, more restrictively, a Manhattan‐world structure, which significantly restricts their applicability in real‐world settings. We present a novel pipeline that allows to reconstruct general 3D interior architectures, significantly increasing the range of real‐world architectures that can be reconstructed and labeled by any interior reconstruction method to date. Our method finds candidate permanent components by reasoning on a graph‐based scene representation, then uses them to build a 3D linear cell complex that is partitioned into separate rooms through a multi‐label energy minimization formulation. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method by applying it to a variety of real‐world and synthetic datasets and by comparing it to more specialized state‐of‐the‐art approaches.
Growth and fruition of a pathology research community: the Dothistroma story
Authors: Bradshaw R. E. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryThis special issue of Forest Pathology focuses on Dothistroma needle blight and showcases the collaborative work of a global community of Dothistroma researchers on the pathogens, hosts and environmental effects on this disease. The growth of the Dothistroma community from its humble beginnings ten years ago, to a consortium of scientists from 41 countries facilitated by a European Cooperation in Science and Technology Action, is outlined here. Key achievements of the group and highlights of articles in this special issue are summarized. There is much research still to be done, but the collaborative work of this community will continue and also extend beyond Dothistroma to many other areas of forest pathology.
Evaluation of an alcohol screening and brief advice training programme for NHS general dental practitioners
Authors: Ntouva A. , Sanatinia R. , Watt R. G. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIntroductionPrimary care dentists are in a unique position to screen for alcohol misuse and provide brief advice to patients; however, lack of knowledge and confidence are some of the barriers cited for their reluctance to do so.AimsThis study describes the evaluation of a novel brief alcohol advice training programme specifically designed and tailored to the needs of NHS general dental practitioners.Materials and MethodsThe training programme was developed as part of a feasibility trial and included a mixture of theoretical and practical elements. During 8 h of highly interactive sessions, participants took part in role‐plays, including scenarios of patients of varying age groups, oral health status, dental attendance and different levels of motivation. Training manuals and other resources were also given. Knowledge, attitudes and confidence scores were assessed before and after the sessions. Wilcoxon matched‐pairs signed‐ranks and McNemar's tests were used to compare participants’ performance before and after the completion of the programme.ResultsSignificant positive changes were observed in all training objectives. There was an overall improvement of 23% in levels of knowledge, a 40% increase in positive attitudes towards alcohol screening and intervention and 80% increase in confidence scores. Fidelity assessments of the implementation of the intervention in the trial showed that dentists who completed the training successfully went on to screen for alcohol misuse and provide brief advice to patients.ConclusionNHS dentists can be successfully trained with the relevant knowledge, attitudes and confidence needed to deliver alcohol screening and brief advice to patients.
Comparisons of the efficacy and tolerability of mycophenolate mofetil and azathioprine as treatments for neuromyelitis optica and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder
Authors: Chen H. , Qiu W. , Zhang Q. , Wang J. , Shi Z. , Liu J. , Lian Z. , Feng H. , Miao X. , Zhou H. 
Published: October 2016

Background and purposeTo research and compare the efficacy and tolerability of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and azathioprine (AZA) in neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and NMO spectrum disorder (NMOSD).MethodsIn this observational study, we enrolled patients with NMO/NMOSD who received either MMF or AZA for 6 months or more. We compared the efficacy and tolerability of MMF and AZA as preventive treatments in patients with NMO/NMOSD.ResultsBaseline variables between groups were not significantly different. In the MMF‐treated (n = 105) and AZA‐treated (n = 105) groups, 56.2% and 52.4%, respectively, of patients were relapse‐free, and both median annualized relapse rates and Expanded Disability Status Scale scores were lower (P = 0.000). More patients in the AZA than MMF group stopped or switched to another preventive treatment because of adverse effects. The Expanded Disability Status Scale scores at final follow‐up were lower in the AZA group than in the MMF group, the duration after treatment was longer in the AZA group than in the MMF group, and more patients in the AZA than MMF group concurrently used prednisone (P < 0.05). Neither the Kaplan–Meier survival estimates (P > 0.05) nor the Cox proportional hazard model (P > 0.05) indicated a significant difference in relapse between MMF‐ and AZA‐treated groups.ConclusionsBoth MMF and AZA were effective in patients with NMO/NMOSD. Fewer and more mild adverse events were attributed to MMF than AZA. The probability of maintaining a relapse‐free state was not significantly different between the MMF and AZA groups. However, more effective treatments with more acceptable safety profiles are still needed.