bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Motivation and Career-Development Training Programs: Use of Regulatory Focus to Determine Program Effectiveness
Authors: Anthony Peter John , Weide Jeffrey 
Published: November 2015

<p>Higgins (2005) developed a motivational theory that distinguishes between two foci: preventative and promotion. Individuals with a preventative focus are motivated to complete activities due to a necessity or expectation. However, those with a promotion focus find motivation from advancement, self-improvement, or social impact. Writers typically use Higgins’ theory on workplace teams and psychology, yet the theory has usefulness for determining training program effectiveness (Carter, 2011; Freeman, 2009; Gaither, 2009; Kohn, 2009; Richmond, 2009; Whiteford, 2009). However, there is a noticeable gap between this motivational theory and how training programs are developed, particularly to meet the needs of project managers and consultants.</p> <p> </p> <p>Richmond (2009) highlighted that training is essential to the development of skill and competencies in complex and critical career paths. Project managers and consultants, particularly those tied to government projects, require a complex set of abilities in order to effectively complete projects on time and within budget. Without proper training programs, these individuals are not able to perform at the highest level possible. To explore how a project manager or consultant’s motivation can affect the effectiveness of training programs, this research study outlines the applicability of adapting career-development training programs to the learner’s motivational focus.</p>
The Travelling Cylinder: A Practical Tool for Collision Avoidance
Authors: Thorogood J. L. , Sawaryn S. J. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The term "Travelling Cylinder" is used to describe a diagram employed in directional drilling on multi-well locations as an aid to collision avoidance. There are a number of variants and the differences between them can, if not properly appreciated, lead to a misinterpretation of the physical situation which, in turn, may put the drilling operation at risk.
During planning, and at the wellsite, the Normal Plane version of the Travelling Cylinder diagram is a powerful tool for collision avoidance due to its innate simplicity. Survey readings can be plotted on the diagram and an immediate visual assessment made not only of the trend of the well in relation to the plan but also relative to adjacent wells, The diagram can be used without recourse to computers. A major advantage of the Normal Plane diagram is that it provides an unambiguous method for displaying anti-collision tolerances. With a minimum of interpretation the plot provides a simple and direct technique for go/no-go drilling decisions in potential collision situations. The Normal Plane diagram provides a robust and computationally efficient method for collision checking. Scanning down drilled wells against the plan, as opposed to checking down the plan against drilled wells, ensures that potential intersections are not missed.
Other versions of the travelling cylinder diagram based on the Horizontal Plane projection or a Closest Approach calculation should not be used for anti-collision applications because of a number of distinctive shortcomings.
Serum IL-6 Level in Breast Cancer Surgery: Evaluating the Addition of
Hydrocortisone to Two Anesthetic Regimens
Authors: Abdelhamid Sherif , Talha Ahmed , Hamdy Salwa , Abdelhalim Ashraf Arafat , Elakany Mohamed 
Published: November 2015

Background:
This study was purposed to compare in vitro the volumetric accuracy of a newly introduced
automatic infusion controller, AutoClamp with that of other commonly used infusion devices.

Methods:
In this prospective, randomized, controlled trial, 124 ASA I-II, female patients, aged 30-50 years,
undergoing conservative breast cancer surgery were randomly assigned to one of four equal groups receiving either
standard general anesthesia and two doses of hydrocortisone (Group GH, n=31), thoracic paravertebral block and two
doses of hydrocortisone (Group PH, n=31), standard general anesthesia with no hydrocortisone (Group G, n=31), or
thoracic paravertebral block with no hydrocortisone (Group P, n=31). IL-6 was measured at three time points: before
operation, 6 and 12 hours postoperatively. CRP and cortisol were measured preoperatively and 6 hours postoperatively.

Results:
On comparing group PH and GH, there was significant decrease in IL-6 level in group PH compared to group GH
at 6 hour (122.1±21.2 vs 135.8±29.8pg/dl), but insignificant difference at 24 hours (107.9±21.6 vs 106.8±15.9pg/dl). CRP
showed significant decrease in the postoperative reading in group PH compared to group GH (1.63±0.32 vs
1.91±0.43mg/l), and also group PH showed significant decrease compared to the control group P (1.63±0.32 vs 2.2±0.54).

Conclusion:
addition of hydrocortisone to general anesthesia or thoracic paravertebral block attenuated production of IL-6
and CRP levels significantly postoperatively compared to either anesthetic regimen alone, but not the serum cortisol level,
highlighting its role in modifying the stress response to surgery. However, the effect was more pronounced when
combined with thoracic paravertebral block.
Sheep Hip Arthroplasty Model of Failed Implant Osseointegration
Authors: Jakobsen Thomas , Kold Søren , Baas Jørgen , Søballe Kjeld , Rahbek Ole 
Published: November 2015

Early secure stability of an implant is important for long-term survival. We examined whether micromotion of implants consistently would induce bone resorption and formation of a fibrous membrane and thereby prevent osseointegration.One micromotion implant was inserted into one of the medial femoral condyles in ten sheep. The micromotion device consists of an anchor bearing a PMMA implant and a PE plug. During each gait cycle the PE plug will make the PMMA implant axially piston 0.5 mm. After 12 weeks of observation the bone specimens were harvested and a post-mortem control implant was inserted into the contra-lateral medial femoral condyle.Histomorphometrical evaluation showed that the surface on the implant observed for 12 weeks was covered by fibrous tissue. The control implants were covered by lamellar bone. No difference was found with respect to the volume fraction of lamellar bone in a 1 mm zone around the implants.This study indicates that implant micromotion is sufficient to induce bone resorption and formation of a fibrous membrane.
Effect of Group Medical Appointments on Glycemic Control of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Caballero Cora A. , Firek Anthony F. , Kashner Terrell Michael 
Published: November 2015

Rationale. To evaluate the effectiveness of group medical appointments (GMAs) for patients with type 2 diabetes.
Objective. To compare A1C levels of patients participating in GMAs to those of patients who received usual primary care.
Design and methods. This study was a retrospective electronic chart review comparing GMA care for 52 male patients to usual primary care for 52 male patients. Demographic (age, marital status, and ethnicity/race) and health-related (height, weight, BMI, duration of diabetes, use of alcohol and tobacco, and A1C) variables were analyzed.
Results. A greater proportion of GMA patients (50%) versus usual primary care patients (19.2%) reached target A1C goals (P = 0.001). GMA participants also had a significantly faster rate of decline in A1C over time compared to usual primary care patients (P &lt; 0.001).
Conclusion. This study demonstrated that the concept of medical management delivered in a group approach had a positive effect on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. GMAs were found to be an effective approach to achieving patient-centered goals for improving the glycemic control of patients with type 2 diabetes.
Oil Extraction from Oil-Contaminated Drill Cuttings Using a Recyclable Single-Phase O/W Microemulsion
Authors: Huang Xianbin , Jiang Guancheng , Deng Zhengqiang 
Published: November 2015

AbstractOil-contaminated drill cuttings (OCDCs), often regarded as hazardous wastes, pose several environmental problems. Conventional methods exhibit certain drawbacks and limitations when used onsite. This paper developed a single-phase O/W microemulsion as a detergent and a practical processing method to treat OCDCs. The experimental results demonstrated that the oil retention could be reduced to a level that will allow offshore disposal. The used microemulsion and rinse water could be reused. The washed-out oil could be recycled to prepare oil based drilling fluid again when mixing with the same amount or greater of fresh base oil. Thus, the entire process of treatment was similar to microemulsion extraction.In the experiments, surfactant mixtures of sodium alcohol ether sulfate and n-butyl lactate were shown to form Winsor type I and type III microemulsions with N-pentyl propionate and linear Alpha Olefins C14 in the oil phase using a salinity scan. Two optimum formulas selected by the detergency performance were identified next to Winsor type III but still inside the Winsor type IV region, which is different from the lowest interfacial tension. By studying contact angle changes, one possible reason for this phenomenon was that for Winsor type III microemulsion, the higher concentration of surfactants cannot be washed away thoroughly with limited rinse water. The oil removal mechanism was also analyzed.
Effect of Sodium Taurocholate on Aggregation Behavior of Amphiphilic Drug Solution
Authors: Kumar Dileep , Rub Malik Abdul 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe aggregation behavior of promazine hydrochloride (PMZ) and bile salt (sodium taurocholate (NaTC)) mixtures at various compositions and temperature in pure and mixed states were studied using conductometry technique in aqueous solutions. The values of experimental and ideal critical micelle concentration (cmc and cmcid) propose attractive interactions in PMZ-NaTC mixtures. By applying the regular solution theory (RST) various physicochemical parameter such as micellar mole fraction in the mixed (X1) and ideal (X1id) state, interaction parameters (β), thermodynamic parameters of micellization as well as other related parameters have been evaluated and discussed in detail. The results show that the synergistic effect between drug and bile salt plays a crucial role in the redtdprefuction of the overall cmc value in aqueous solution at various composition of NaTC. The thermodynamic parameters recommend the discharge of water from the hydrophobic part of the PMZ at higher temperatures.
Magnetic Properties of Polyaniline/ZFe2O4 Nanocomposites Synthesized in CTAB as Surfactant and Ionic Liquid
Authors: Benabdellah Abdelkader , Belarbi H. , Ilikti Hocine , Benabdallah Tayeb , Hatti Mustapha 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPolyaniline (PANI-EB) containing ZFe2O4(Z is an element in a divalent state; Z2+= Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Mn2+, and Zn2+) nanocomposites were successfully synthesized by using 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium bromide [BMIM]Br and cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) viain situpolymerization. Structural, morphological, spectroscopic and magnetic properties were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray powder diffractometry (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) respectively. The presence of polyaniline, [BMIM]Br and CTAB on the surface of the ZFe2O4nanoparticles was confirmed with FTIR. The purity of the products was proved by XRD. The results of thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the addition of ZFe2O4nanoparticles to PANI improved the thermal stability of the nanocomposites. The magnetization curves verify that the sample has ferromagnetic behavior at the temperature of 400 K. Magnetic measurements revealed that product has uniaxial anisotropy instead of expected cubic anisotropy according to the Stoner-Wohlfarth model.
Muslim Translators and Translations of the Qur'an into English
Authors: Wild Stefan 
Published: November 2015

Until the 1940s, English translations of the Qur'an were (with the notable exception of translations by Indian Muslims early in the twentieth century) mostly undertaken by non-Muslims and viewed with some misgiving by most Muslim scholars. As late as 1929 the Egyptian al-Azhar, internationally regarded as the most prestigious Muslim organisation in the world, publically burnt a translation of the Qur'an, even though it had been translated by a Muslim. It was only well after the Second World War that the Egyptian authorities officially allowed the publication of a translation of the Qur'an.More recently, English translations by Muslims have proliferated and now flourish worldwide: as far as the number of Qur'an-translations is concerned, no other language is better represented. However, diverging English translations of the Qur'an have become more and more of a religious and political battleground. This article discusses the development of English from a ‘coloniser's language’ to an English ‘friendly to Islam’ – especially in India and Pakistan. It also sketches the impact of Christian missionary translations of the Qur'an into English and discusses the problems faced by scholars with regard to English as a powerful second language, specifically in terms of the King Fahd Complex for Printing the Holy Qur'an in Saudi Arabia, which has gradually taken prominence over Al-Azhar on the international stage since the 1980s.
Development of a Provisional Core Domain Set for Polymyalgia Rheumatica: Report from the OMERACT 12 Polymyalgia Rheumatica Working Group
Authors: Helliwell Toby , Brouwer Elisabeth , Pease Colin T. , Hughes Rodney , Hill Catherine L. , Neill Lorna M. , Halls Serena , Simon Lee S. , Mallen Christian D. , Boers Maarten , Kirwan John R. , Mackie Sarah L. 
Published: November 2015

Objective.The Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) working group aims to develop a core set of outcome measures to be used in clinical trials for PMR. Previous reports from OMERACT 11 included a qualitative study of the patient experience and a preliminary literature review.Methods.A 3-round Delphi survey of clinicians and patients with PMR was undertaken to identify a candidate core domain set for PMR research. Additionally, a literature review of outcome measures and their respective measurement instruments was undertaken. Meetings of patient research partners and clinicians were convened to review face validity of the provisional core domain set, which was subsequently presented and discussed at the OMERACT 12 congress.Results.Of the 60 clinicians taking part in round 1, 55 took part in round 2 and 51 in round 3. Of the 55 patients who took part in round 1, 46 and 35 took part in subsequent rounds. In total, 91% of participants in round 3 deemed the resulting draft core domain set reasonable. The literature review identified 28 studies for full review. Measurement instruments for each proposed domain were identified. Clinicians are highly aware of glucocorticoid-related adverse effects, but there is relatively little evidence about their true prevalence and severity, especially in PMR.Conclusion.A provisional core domain set, presented for clinical trials in PMR, comprises acute phase markers, physical function, death, glucocorticoid-related adverse events, and development of giant cell arteritis. Measurement instruments are suggested that may cover each domain, but these require formal validation for clinical trials in PMR.
Discriminant Capacity of Clinical Efficacy and Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drug-sparing Endpoints, Alone or in Combination, in Axial Spondyloarthritis
Authors: Dougados Maxime , Wood Emily , Gossec Laure , Dubanchet Arnaud , Logeart Isabelle , van der Heijde Désirée 
Published: November 2015

Objective.Using data from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, we assessed the capacity of clinical and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID)-sparing endpoints, alone and in combination, to discriminate between treatment effects in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA).Methods.Patients with active NSAID-resistant axSpA received etanercept (ETN) 50 mg/week or placebo for 8 weeks and tapered/discontinued NSAID. In posthoc logistic regression analyses, OR were calculated that indicated the capacity of the following endpoints to discriminate between the effects of ETN and placebo at Week 8: Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) 50; BASDAI ≤ 3; Assessment of Spondyloarthritis international Society (ASAS) 20; ASAS40; Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) with C-reactive protein (CRP) < 1.3 and ASDAS-CRP < 2.1; ≥ 50% decrease from baseline in ASAS-NSAID score, score < 10, and score = 0; and each clinical and/or each NSAID measure.Results.In 90 randomized patients (ETN, n = 42; placebo, n = 48), disease activity was similar between groups at baseline: mean (± SD) BASDAI (ETN vs placebo) 6.0 ± 1.6 versus 5.9 ± 1.5. NSAID intake was high: ASAS-NSAID score 98.2 ± 39.0 versus 93.0 ± 23.4. OR ranged from 1.6 (95% CI 0.5–5.4) for ASDAS-CRP < 1.3 to 5.8 (95% CI 1.2–29.1) for BASDAI50 and NSAID score of 0; most measures (34/45) reached statistical significance (α = 0.05) favoring ETN. Most combined outcome variables using OR were more discriminant than single outcome measures.Conclusion.These findings suggest that changes in NSAID intake during treatment do not prevent demonstration of clinically relevant effects of biologic treatment, and combined (i.e., clinical with NSAID-sparing) endpoints were frequently more discriminant than single (i.e., clinical) endpoints. ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01298531).
Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes in Patients Diagnosed with Early Rheumatoid Arthritis in the First Years of the Biologic Treatment Era: A 10-year Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Haugeberg Glenn , Bøyesen Pernille , Helgetveit Knut , Prøven Anne 
Published: November 2015

Objective.To study short-term and longterm clinical and radiographic outcomes in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in the first decade of the biologic treatment era.Methods.Patients with early RA diagnosed at a rheumatology outpatient clinic were consecutively enrolled between 1999 and 2001. Data were collected on demographic characteristics, disease activity, patient-reported outcomes, and treatments. Radiographs of hands and feet were performed at baseline and after 2, 5, and 10 years and scored according to the Sharp/van der Heijde method, yielding a modified total Sharp score (mTSS).Results.Mean baseline age for the 94 included patients (36 men and 58 women) was 50.4 years and symptom duration 12.3 months; 67.8% were rheumatoid factor–positive. The proportion of patients in remission and in low, moderate, and high disease activity status was at baseline 4.3%, 1.1%, 35.1%, and 59.6% and at 10 years 52.1%, 20.5%, 27.4%, and 0.0%, respectively. For the period 0–2 years, 62.8% had used prednisolone, 91.5% synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD), and 18.1% biologic DMARD, and for the period 2–10 years the numbers were 50.6%, 89.3%, and 62.7%, respectively. At baseline, 70% of the patients had erosions on radiographs. Mean annual change in mTSS was for 0–2 years 3.4, 2–5 years 1.7, and 5–10 years 1.2.Conclusion.A large proportion of our patients with RA diagnosed and treated in the new biologic treatment era achieved a status of clinical remission or low disease activity and had only a minor increase in radiographic joint damage after the first years of followup.
Hermetic package for optical devices using room temperature welding technology and transparent lid, for space applications
Authors: Lundén H. , Murphy L. , Määttänen A. , Kumpulainen T. 
Published: November 2015

The objective of the study was to develop a hermetic package for optical devices, with a transparent lid. A novel room temperature glass welding technology was used for the construction of the packages. The design solution and technology must be robust enough for use in space flight applications. Environmental and hermeticity tests were performed to evaluate the package capability & quality. Whilst initially targeted on a specific requirement, there are several industrial sectors that require hermetic encapsulation including; space, military, biotechnology, and telecoms etc. It is common for the space industry for packages, assemblies or even space craft, to be stored before use, driving the stringent hermeticity requirements, to prevent degradation issues when ground testing, integrating or operating in a space environment.
The design and technology of the glass package proved to be robust: environmental tests had no influence on the functionality or properties. Other benefits of the laser welded glass package were also discovered: hermeticity, easy failure analysis and inspection due to the lid and package transparency, and mountable design onto a PCB (printed circuit board). Welding technique offers a quick, one-step, room temperature process without any additive materials.
The Future of Solder Joint Encapsulant
Authors: Liu Mary , Yin Wusheng 
Published: November 2015

Solder joint encapsulant adhesives have been successfully used to enhance the strength of solder joints and improve thermal cycling as well as drop performance in finished products. The use of solder joint encapsulant adhesives can eliminate the need for underfill materials and the underfill process altogether, thus simplifying rework, which results in a lower cost of ownership.
Solder joint encapsulant adhesives include: low temperature and high temperature solder joint encapsulant adhesives, and their derivatives. Each solder joint encapsulant adhesive has: unfilled and filled solder joint encapsulant adhesives, and solder joint encapsulant paste. Each solder joint encapsulant product has been designed for different applications. In this paper, we are going to discuss the details and future of solder joint encapsulant adhesives.
A Curvature-Based Interpretation of the Steinberg Criterion for Fatigue Life of Electronic Components
Authors: Béda Michael G. 
Published: November 2015

The “Steinberg Criterion” is a well-known method for determining the fatigue life of Printed Circuit Board (PCB) components based on the deflection of the PCB. It has been adopted as a de facto industry standard for the fatigue analysis of electronic components, and has been successfully used on many programs. However it has some limitations. Steinberg derived this equation to describe the behavior of rectangular PCBs simply supported on all sides. In this configuration the deformed shape of the first mode of a PCB under vibratory loads is assumed by Steinberg to be described by two perpendicular half sine waves. Unfortunately many PCBs have distorted mode shapes as a result of clamped or asymmetric edge constraints, stiffeners, or irregular PCB outline. Finite Element Models (FEMs) can be used to predict mode shapes for these PCBs, but there has been no clear way to use Steinberg's equation to determine the fatigue margin for components on such boards. The traditional method (when the discrepancy is addressed) is to use a value for PCB length in the equation based on an approximation of the length of an equivalent half sine wave superimposed on the predicted mode shape. This approach, while better than ignoring the problem, can lead to inconsistency in results or the overlooking of localized effects, and in the case of extremely odd mode shapes can be nearly impossible.
This paper presents a method of using FEM data for curvature as well as deflection at a single location to eliminate the shape and location variables from the Steinberg criterion, allowing it to be applied confidently to PCBs and Printed Wiring Assemblies (PWAs) with any shape and boundary conditions. Test cases are described that show equivalence between this method and the existing Steinberg criterion. Lastly the methodology used to extract phase-consistent curvature and deflection results from FEM analysis is briefly discussed.