bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conditional Probabilities of HBV markers among Health Care Workers in Public Hospitals in White Nile State, Sudan; 2013
Authors: Elmukashfi Taha Ahmed , Balla Siham Ahmed , Bashir Abdelgadir Ali , Abdalla Asma Abdelaal , Abu Elgasim Mawahib Ahmed , Swareldahab Zeinab 
Published: September 2016

<p><strong>BACKGROUND:</strong> Health-care workers are having highest probability of being infected with HBV.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>OBJECTIVE: </strong>To determine conditional probability of sero-prevalence of hepatitis B virus markers among health care workers in White Nile State, Sudan.</p><p><strong>METHODS:</strong> A cross sectional study design with analytical approach was used. Three hundred eighty five health care workers were selected randomly. An interview was carried using a pre-tested questionnaire and five ml venous blood samples were consented. Blood samples were tested for Anti-HB core total, HBsAg and HBeAg. Conditional probabilities of being a carrier and highly infective were calculated regarding departments, occupation of HCWs, marital status and working duration in hospital.</p><p><strong>RESULTS:</strong> Out of the total study population, 230 (59.7%) were positive for anti-HB core total. Out of 230 HCWs, 62 (27.1%) were positive for HBsAg. Out of 62 HCWs, 29 (46.8%) were positive for HBeAg. In overall, 16% of study population was carriers and 7.5% were highly infective. HCWs in surgical and Obstetrics &amp; gynaecology had 0.50 conditional probability of being carriers and highly infective. Laboratory technicians had 0.64 conditional probability of being carriers and highly infective. HCWs with working duration in hospitals up to 5 years had 0.63 probability of being carriers and highly infective.</p><p><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> Prevalence and conditional probabilities of HBV markers among health care worker in White Nile State were high. HCWs in Surgical and Obstetrics &amp; gynaecology, Laboratory technicians and HCWs with working duration up to 5 years are carriers and highly infective. Periodical screening and vaccination of HCWs are recommended.</p>
Gua Sha, a press-stroke treatment of the skin, boosts the immune response to intradermal vaccination
Authors: Chen Tingting , Liu Ninghua , Liu Jinxuan , Zhang Xiaoying , Huang Zhen , Zang Yuhui , Chen Jiangning , Dong Lei , Zhang Junfeng , Ding Zhi 
Published: September 2016

ObjectiveThe skin is an important immunological barrier of the body as well as an optimal route for vaccine administration. Gua Sha, which involves press-stroke treatment of the skin, is an effective folk therapy, widely accepted in East Asia, for various symptoms; however, the mechanisms underlying its therapeutic effects have not been clarified. We investigated the influence of Gua Sha on the immunological features of the skin.MethodsGua Sha was performed on BALB/c mice and the effects were evaluated using anatomical, histological, and cytometric methods as well as cytokine determination locally and systemically. The effect on intradermal vaccination was assessed with antigen-specific subtype antibody responses.ResultsBlood vessel expansion, erythrocyte extravasation, and increased ratios of immune active cells were observed in the skin tissue following the treatment. Pro-inflammatory cytokines were up-regulated, and immunosuppressive cytokines, down-regulated, in the treated and untreated skin and systemic circulation; no obvious variations were detected in case of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Interestingly, intradermal delivery of a model vaccine following Gua Sha induced about three-fold higher IgG titers with a more Th1-biased antibody subtype profile.ConclusionGua Sha treatment can up-regulate the innate and adaptive immune functions of the skin and boost the response against intradermal antigens. Thus, Gua Sha may serve as a safe, inexpensive, and independent physical adjuvant for intradermal vaccination.
Electron‐Deficient Engineering in Large‐Conjugate‐Heptazine Framework to Effectively Shuttle Hot Electrons for Efficient Photocatalytic H2O2 Production
Authors: Pan Ronglan , Lv Wei , Ge Xin , Huang Xiong , Hu Qichuan , Song Kejian , Liu Qiong , Xie Haibo , Wu Bo , Yuan Jili 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPhotocatalytic oxygen reduction to H2O2 based on g‐C3N4 has presented promising potential for sustainable solar‐fuel production. Yet tuning the timescale of hot electron's lifetime to effectively participate in the surface reactions remains challenging. Here, an electron‐deficient engineering strategy is developed by incorporating an electron‐deficient structure (EDS) with different conjugate regions into large conjugate‐heptazine framework (LCHF) of g‐C3N4 to steer hot electrons of the different timescales to effectively activate O2 for efficient photocatalytic H2O2 production. Femtosecond transientabsorption spectroscopy reveals that introducing EDS into LCHF can steer hot electron rapid transfer to the trapping sites of EDS and notably eliminate the deeply trapped electrons as well as enhance the shallow capture. It is demonstrated that pyromellitic dianhydride not only can tune the lifetime scale of hot electrons but also provide nonpolarized active sites to effectively activate O2 forming H2O2 with lower energy barrier via direct or stepwise 2e− pathways. This photocatalyst achieves an H2O2 yield rate of 25.40 mmol g−1 h−1, enabling an apparentquantumyield of 45.7% at 400 nm and a solar‐to‐chemical efficiency of 2.63%, outperforming the other reported photocatalysts. This work will shed light on the design of organic photocatalysts to tune hot electrons to effectively engage in the surface reaction.
Real Topological Phonons in 3D Carbon Allotropes
Authors: Wang Xiaotian , Bai Jingbo , Wang Jianhua , Cheng Zhenxiang , Qian Shifeng , Wang Wenhong , Zhang Gang , Yu Zhi‐Ming , Yao Yugui 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThere has been a significant focus on real topological systems that enjoy space‐time inversion symmetry and lack spin‐orbit coupling. While the theoretical classification of the real topology has been established, more progress has yet to be made in the materials realization of real topological phononic states in 3D. To address this crucial issue, high‐throughput computing is performed to inspect the real topology in the phonon spectrums of the 3D carbon allotropes. Among 1661 carbon allotropes listed in the Samara Carbon Allotrope Database (SACADA), 79 candidates host a phononic real Chern insulating (PRCI) state, 2 candidates host a phononic real nodal line (PRNL) state, 12 candidates host a phononic real Dirac point (PRDP) state, and 10 candidates host a phononic real triple‐point pair (PRTPP) state. The PRCI, PRNL, PRTPP, and PRDP states of 27‐SG. 166‐pcu‐h, 1081‐SG. 194‐42T13‐CA, 52‐SG. 141‐gis, and 132‐SG. 191‐3,4T157 are exhibited as illustrative examples, and the second‐order phononic hinge modes are explored. This study broadens the understanding of 3D topological phonons and expands the material candidates with phononic hinge modes and phononic real topology.
Carbon Dots Crosslinked Egg White Hydrogel for Tissue Engineering
Authors: Wu Jun , Lei Josh Haipeng , Li Moxin , Zhang Aiping , Li Yuan , Liang Xiao , de Souza Senio Campos , Yuan Zhen , Wang Chunming , Chen Guokai , Liu Tzu‐Ming , Deng Chu‐Xia , Tang Zikang , Qu Songnan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEgg white (EW)‐derived hydrogels hold promise as biomaterials for in vitro cell culture due to their ability to mimic the extracellular matrix. However, their highly cross‐linked structures restrict their potential for in vivo applications, as they are unable to integrate dynamically with tissues before degradation. In this study, this limitation is addressed by introducing carbon dots (CDs) as cross‐linking agents for EW in a dilute aqueous solution. The resulting CDs‐crosslinked EW hydrogel (CEWH) exhibits tensile strength comparable to that of skin tissue and features a large pore structure that promotes cell infiltration. Subcutaneous implantation of CEWH demonstrated excellent integration with surrounding tissue and a degradation rate aligned with the hair follicles (HFs) regeneration cycle. This allows the long‐term regeneration and establishment of an M2 macrophage‐dominated immune microenvironment, which in turn promotes the re‐entry of HFs into the anagen phase from the telogen phase. Additionally, CEWH demonstrated potential as a wound dressing material. Overall, this study paves the way for utilizing EW as a versatile biomaterial for tissue engineering.
Observation of Spin Splitting in Room‐Temperature Metallic Antiferromagnet CrSb
Authors: Zeng Meng , Zhu Ming‐Yuan , Zhu Yu‐Peng , Liu Xiang‐Rui , Ma Xiao‐Ming , Hao Yu‐Jie , Liu Pengfei , Qu Gexing , Yang Yichen , Jiang Zhicheng , Yamagami Kohei , Arita Masashi , Zhang Xiaoqian , Shao Tian‐Hao , Dai Yue , Shimada Kenya , Liu Zhengtai , Ye Mao , Huang Yaobo , Liu Qihang , Liu Chang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRecently, unconventional antiferromagnets that enable the spin splitting (SS) of electronic states have been theoretically proposed and experimentally realized, where the magnetic sublattices containing moments pointing at different directions are connected by a novel set of symmetries. Such SS is substantial, k‐dependent, and independent of the spin–orbit coupling (SOC) strength, making these magnets promising materials for antiferromagnetic spintronics. Here, combined with angle‐resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, a systematic study on CrSb, a metallic spin‐split antiferromagnet candidate with Néel temperature TN
= 703 K, is conducted. The data reveal the electronic structure of CrSb along both out‐of‐plane and in‐plane momentum directions, rendering an anisotropic k‐dependent SS that agrees well with the calculational results. The magnitude of such SS reaches up to at least 0.8 eV at non‐high‐symmetry momentum points, which is significantly higher than the largest known SOC‐induced SS. This compound expands the choice of materials in the field of antiferromagnetic spintronics and is likely to stimulate subsequent investigations of high‐efficiency spintronic devices that are functional at room temperature.
Why Half‐Cell Samples Provide Limited Insight Into the Aging Mechanisms of Potassium Batteries
Authors: Jeschull Fabian , Kataev Elmar , Panasenko Iurii , Njel Christian , Félix Roberto , Maibach Julia 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPhotoelectron spectroscopy (PES) studies of solid electrolyte interphases (SEI) of cycled battery electrodes are mostly performed in half cell configurations (i.e., against metallic counter electrodes). In contrast to less reactive Li metal, problems arise in post‐Li systems, like K‐ion cells, where crosstalk phenomena strongly interfere with the surface layer formation process. This raises the question of whether surface analysis data from half cell experiments are still representative and transferable to corresponding full cells in post‐Li systems. Here the major differences between SEI layers formed on graphite electrodes are outlined in K‐ion half and full cells derived from an in‐depth surface analysis approach combining in‐house and (synchrotron‐based) hard X‐ray PES. This results highlight significant changes in SEI characteristics, both in terms of SEI layer thickness and gradual compositional changes across the interphase, when K‐metal (half cell) is replaced by a Prussian white positive electrode (full cell). Furthermore, the initial SEI layers formed on the first cycle are found to evolve and age differently upon further cycling, depending on the two cell configurations. This study stresses the additional complexity of studying post‐Li cells and the need to carefully design surface analysis experiments for meaningful material and electrode interphase characterization.
The Impact of China's Belt and Road Initiative on Agricultural Trade Status: A Network Analysis of Countries Along the Route
Authors: Liu Xingyu , Xu Liang 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTAmid increasing volatility in the global agricultural supply chain, many countries are intensifying their pursuit of international agricultural collaboration to enhance their presence in global markets. The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) serves as a critical platform for promoting mutually beneficial agricultural cooperation. Utilizing panel data from 151 countries spanning the years 2001–2020, this research empirically investigates the policy effects of the BRI on the agricultural trade status of these countries from a trade network perspective. The findings indicate that the initiative significantly boosts the trade network status of BRI countries, with marked advantages observed for countries along the “One Road,” economic corridor countries, and developing countries within the BRI framework. Further mechanistic analyses suggest that the success of the BRI can be attributed to improvements in the “five‐pronged approach,” which includes enhancing facilities connectivity, promoting unimpeded trade, fostering financial integration, facilitating policy communication and strengthening people‐to‐people bond. These results highlight the reciprocal and beneficial nature of the BRI in the context of agricultural trade, providing valuable insights for improving the quality of agricultural trade under the BRI and advancing the contribution of agricultural trade to building a community of shared interests.
Rheumatic adverse events associated with biologic therapy for chronic rhinosinusitis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Xiao Jenny B. , Hsiao Helen , Khalil Carlos , Lee John M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundBiologic therapies approved for treating chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) have well‐established safety profiles but reports of rheumatic adverse events (AEs) are increasing and not well defined. This review aims to assess the risk and incidence of rheumatic AEs associated with biologic therapy in CRSwNP and summarize current reported management strategies.MethodsA protocol was registered in PROSPERO [CRD42024525663]. A search was conducted in four electronic databases: Medline (Ovid), Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane CENTRAL from inception until January 4, 2024. Two reviewers independently screened citations and extracted data. Methodological quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal tool. Data were pooled using a random effects model to calculate overall incidence and relative risk.ResultsTwenty‐one studies met the final inclusion criteria, totaling 3434 patients of which 2763 (80%) received either dupilumab (n = 2257; 82%), mepolizumab (n = 372; 13%), or omalizumab (n = 134; 5%) for treatment of CRSwNP. The overall incidence rate for any on‐treatment rheumatic AE was 0.05 per person–year (95% CI, 0.03–0.09, I2 = 75%). Biologic therapy increased the risk of developing a rheumatic AE (RR = 2.53; 95% CI, 1.29–4.94) compared with placebo. The most frequently reported rheumatic AE was arthralgia or joint pain (n = 94; 95%), followed by lupus‐like syndrome or lupus erythematosus‐like reaction (n = 2; 2.5%). Discontinuation of treatment was the most common intervention (n = 21, 39%).ConclusionBiologic therapy increases the risk of rheumatic AEs in CRSwNP patients by over twofold. Healthcare providers should remain vigilant in monitoring rheumatic AEs and apply appropriate management strategies on a case‐by‐case basis.
Incorporations of 2,2′‐benzidinedisulfonic acid and forward osmotic extraction‐favored nanoparticles in polyethersulfone nanofiltration membrane for the simultaneous enhancements in nitrate rejection and water permeation
Authors: Li Zeya , Zhai Mingyu , Wu Xin , Chen Zeying , Liang Lifen , Wang Xiuli , Song Laizhou 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe nanofiltration (NF) membrane has not been extensively competent for rejection of monovalent ions (such as Cl− and NO3−), and the strategy for enhancing monovalent ion rejection and permeation flux still faces a significant challenge. Herein, based on our previous polyethersulfone (PES)‐type NF membrane (NF‐0), two novel NF membranes were fabricated with additional incorporations of 2,2′‐benzidinedisulfonic acid (BDSA) and forward osmotic extraction solution‐functioned nanoparticles (MNPs) to remove nitrate from the aqueous solution. The fabricated NF‐BDSA membrane with introduction of BDSA in ultrathin layer displays a significant nitrate rejection of 92.2% and an acceptable permeation flux of 21 L m−1 h−1 at 0.6 MPa. As anticipated, the obtained NF‐MNPs1.0 membrane with additional incorporation of MNPs (1.0 wt% addition) in the substrate layer of NF‐BDSA membrane achieves further improvements in nitrate rejection (95%) and water permeability (32.3 L m−1 h−1); encouragingly, this membrane exhibits comparable monovalent ion rejection and permeation flux to reverse osmosis membrane under relatively low pressure. Compared with those of NF‐0 membrane, the permeation flux and nitrate rejection of NF‐MNPs1.0 membrane increase by 111.1% and 6.1%, respectively. Moreover, the superior performances of endurance, antifouling and chlorine resistance of NF‐MNPs1.0 membrane demonstrate its expectable perspective of potential engineering applications.
Iatrogenic atrial septal defects in structural heart interventions: Opening the Pandora's box
Authors: Dimitriadis Kyriakos , Pyrpyris Nikolaos , Karampinos Konstantinos , Malainou Christina Panagiotis , Beneki Eirini , Koulouriotis Alexandros , Pitsiori Daphne , Aznaouridis Konstantinos , Aggeli Konstantina , Tsioufis Konstantinos 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn the modern era of structural heart interventions, the total number of transseptal procedures is growing exponentially, thus increasing the rate and need for management of iatrogenic atrial septal defects (iASDs). To date, there are no official guidelines on the assessment and management of iASDs, due to inconclusive evidence on whether patients benefit more from the percutaneous closure of iASD than from conservative management and vigorous follow‐up. Despite the abundance of observational studies on iASDs, there is still a lack of randomized studies. Evidence so far show that percutaneous closure is no superior over conservative treatment in patients with iASDs, however, it has been demonstrated that patients with spontaneous closure of iASDs experience less heart failure (HF) hospitalizations. On the other hand, researchers have investigated the beneficial nature of interatrial shunt therapy in patients with HFpEF and, more recently, with HFrEF, due to the presumed hemodynamic benefits. Herein, we provide an updated review of relevant literature, focusing on iASD persistence rates, predicting factors for their persistence, and clinical outcomes of iASD persistence, to summarize available evidence and discuss future directions in the field.
Acceptorless Dehydrogenation of Alcohols and Polyols Over Cu‐Based Catalysts Prepared by NaBH4 Reduction
Authors: Reynoso Alberto José , Djakovitch Laurent , Perret Noémie 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFor the first time, oxide (TiO2, CeO2, ZnO, Al2O3) supported Cu catalysts, prepared by the aqueous reduction method using sodium borohydride, were employed for the acceptorless dehydrogenation of 2‐octanol and various C4–C8 polyols. The method used to prepare the catalysts enabled the formation of small Cu particles in the range of 14–36 nm, depending on the point of the zero charge of the support. We showed that the conversion increased with Cu surface area, where Cu/TiO2 led to the highest conversion of 2‐octanol (>99.9%). The selectivity depends on the support and conversion. Up to 80% conversion, the selectivity to 2‐octanone was between 83% and 90% when using Cu/TiO2. In this study, we also report for the first time the acceptorless dehydrogenation of 1,3‐butanediol, 2,3‐butanediol, 1,2‐pentanediol, and 1,5‐pentanediol in liquid phase. While metal active sites promoted the dehydrogenation reaction, the presence of acidic and basic sites favored the formation of by‐products, mainly resulting from dehydration reactions, pinacol rearrangements, and aldol and retro‐aldol condensations. In addition to value‐added chemicals, all the reactions also released molecular hydrogen.
Short‐statured maize achieved similar growth and nitrogen uptake but greater nitrogen efficiencies than conventional tall maize
Authors: Ordóñez Raziel A. , Pico Lia B. Olmedo , Dohleman Frank G. , Fernández‐Juricic Esteban , Verhagen Garrett S. , Vyn Tony J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDespite a historical favoring of robust tall plants in maize (Zea mays L.) production systems as a potential indicator of increased total and/or grain biomass yields, short‐statured maize is receiving renewed commercial attention in North America. Little is known of the relative N efficiencies resulting from potential inter‐stature differences in dry matter formation and N processes during pre‐ and post‐silking stages. To investigate this, two field rainfed experiments were conducted in West Lafayette, IN. The experiments included factorial combinations of two tall‐ and two short‐statured maize hybrids subjected to three N rates: 0 (unfertilized), 168 (moderate), and 224 kg N ha−1 (elevated) applied at planting. Short hybrids with a 25% reduced stature showed no statistically significant differences in seasonal biomass accumulation and N uptake, or in biomass partitioning to grain (harvest index) versus stover at maturity relative to conventional tall hybrids. Increased leaf biomass and ear growth at silking, plus comparable quantities of N remobilization from stems during grain filling, with short‐stature maize contributed to its grain yield parity with tall‐stature maize. Additionally, our research revealed other noteworthy findings: short‐statured maize had higher N harvest index and N recovery efficiency than the tall maize, implying more N status resiliency at moderate N rates. The lack of interactions between N × stature in most studied traits suggests that short hybrids can perform at least as well as conventional tall hybrids across a range of N rates. Our findings provide insights for fine‐tuning of breeding and management programs.