bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of Amplitude-Integrated Electroencephalogram as a Predictor of Outcome in Term Encephalopathic Neonates Receiving Therapeutic Hypothermia
Authors: Sewell Elizabeth , Vezina Gilbert , Chang Taeun , Tsuchida Tammy , Harris Kari , Ridore Michelande , Glass Penny , Massaro An 
Published: September 2017

Objectives This study aims to evaluate the ability of (1) a novel amplitude-integrated electroencephalogram (aEEG) background evolution classification system; and (2) specific hour of life (HOL) cut points when observation of aEEG normalization and development of cycling can predict adverse neurological outcomes in infants with hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE).
Study Design Continuous aEEG data of term neonates with HIE were reviewed for background pattern and aEEG cycling from start of monitoring through rewarming. Infants were classified by overall background evolution pattern. Adverse outcomes were defined as death or severe magnetic resonance imaging injury, as well as developmental outcomes in a subset of patients. aEEG characteristics were compared between outcome groups by multivariate regression models, likelihood ratios (LR), and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses.
Results Overall, 80 infants receiving therapeutic hypothermia met the inclusion criteria. Background evolution pattern seemed to distinguish outcome groups more reliably than background pattern at discrete intervals in time (LR: 43.9, p value < 0.001). Infants who did not reach discontinuous background by 15.5 HOL, cycling by 45.5 HOL, and normalization by 78 HOL were most likely to have adverse outcomes.
Conclusion Evolution of aEEG in term neonates with HIE may be more useful for predicting outcome than evaluating aEEG at discrete intervals in time.
DNVF-Memorandum III „Methoden für die Versorgungsforschung“, Teil 3: Methoden der Qualitäts- und Patientensicherheitsforschung
Authors: Geraedts Max , Drösler Saskia , Döbler Klaus , Eberlein-Gonska Maria , Heller Günther , Kuske Silke , Manser Tanja , Sens Brigitte , Stausberg Jürgen , Schrappe Matthias 
Published: September 2017

ZusammenfassungDas Deutsche Netzwerk Versorgungsforschung e.V. (DNVF) fördert seit Jahren die methodische Qualität von Versorgungsforschungsstudien auf der Basis von Memoranden und anderen Initiativen. Die Qualitäts- und Patientensicherheitsforschung (QPSF) gilt als Kerngebiet der Gesundheitsversorgungsforschung. Das vorliegende Memorandum erläutert wesentliche etablierte Fragestellungen und Methoden der QPSF. Vor dem Hintergrund der besonderen gesundheitspolitischen Bedeutung des Themas werden Methoden der Messgrößenentwicklung und -prüfung, die Risikoadjustierung, Methoden zur Erhebung von Patientensicherheitsdaten, Instrumente zur Analyse sicherheitsrelevanter Ereignisse und Methoden zur Evaluation der meist multiplen und komplexen QPSF-Interventionen behandelt. Zudem werden vordringliche Forschungsthemen benannt.
Gehört die Hand alleine in die Hand des
Handchirurgen?
Authors: Güven Asim , Kols Kerstin , Fischer Klaus , Schönberger Michael , Allert Sixtus 
Published: September 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund In Deutschland existiert die Zusatzbezeichnung Handchirurgie
als weiterführende Qualifikation für Fachärzte für Chirurgie, Plastische
Chirurgie sowie Unfallchirurgie und Orthopädie. Dennoch werden Verletzungen und
Krankheiten der Hand auch durch Ärzte ohne diese Qualifikation versorgt. Es
stellt sich die Frage, ob durch diese Versorgung gegebenenfalls mehr
Behandlungsfehler auftreten.
Material und Methodik Es wurden die Daten von 376 Fällen von
Behandlungsfehlervorwürfen bei chirurgischen Eingriffen an der Hand und am
Unterarm, die in den Jahren 2014 und 2015 abgeschlossen wurden, durch die
Schlichtungsstelle für Arzthaftpflichtfragen der norddeutschen Ärztekammern
(Norddeutsche Schlichtungsstelle) zusammengestellt.Die Fälle mit nachgewiesenen Behandlungsfehlern wurden anhand der Qualifikation
der behandelnden Ärzte unterteilt und analysiert. Eine statistische Auswertung
wurden mit Hilfe des Programm SPSS (IBM) durchgeführt.
Ergebnisse Ärztliche Behandlungsfehler mit einem daraus folgenden Schaden
wurden bei Fachärzten mit Zusatzbezeichnung Handchirurgie bei 42 von 113 von
Fällen festgestellt (37,2 %). Bei Fachärzten ohne diese Zusatzbezeichnung waren
es in der Gruppe der Unfallchirurgen und Orthopäden bei 79 von 155 (51,0 %) und
in der Gruppe der Allgemeinchirurgen bei 54 von 108 (50,0 %). Der Unterschied
zwischen den Handchirurgen und Unfallchirurgen und Orthopäden (p = 0,017) sowie
zwischen den Handchirurgen und Allgemeinchirurgen ist signifikant (p =
0,037).
Schlussfolgerung Fachärzten mit Zusatzweiterbildung Handchirurgie wurden
signifikant weniger ärztliche Behandlungsfehler nachgewiesen als Fachärzten ohne
diese Zusatzweiterbildung. Es lassen sich dabei folgende Trends bei den
Chirurgen ohne Zusatzbezeichnung Handchirurgie feststellen: Das Unterschätzen
der Schwere von Weichteilverletzungen und Infektionen der Hand, häufiger Fehler
in der handchirurgischen Untersuchung wie der Überprüfung der Funktion von
Sehnen und Nerven sowie in der diagnostischen Befunderhebung nach
Röntgenuntersuchungen der Hand.
Clinical Trial on the Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Metabolic Profiles in Diabetic Hemodialysis
Authors: Tamadon Mohammad Reza , Soleimani Alireza , Keneshlou Fariba , Mojarrad Malihe Zarrati , Bahmani Fereshteh , Naseri Afshin , Kashani Hamed Haddad , Hosseini Elahe Seyed , Asemi Zatollah 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe current study was conducted to assess the effects of vitamin D supplementation on insulin metabolism, lipid fractions, biomarkers of inflammation, and oxidative stress in diabetic hemodialysis (HD) patients. This randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial was carried out among 60 diabetic HD patients. Subjects were randomly allocated into two groups to intake either oral vitamin D3 supplements at a dosage of 50 000 IU (n=30) or placebo (n=30) every 2 weeks for 12 weeks. After 12 weeks of intervention, subjects who received vitamin D supplements compared with the placebo had significantly decreased serum insulin concentrations (–3.4±3.7 vs. +2.0±4.2 μIU/ml, p<0.001), homeostasis model of assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (–1.2±1.8 vs. +0.9±2.3, p<0.001), and improved quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) (+0.02±0.03 vs. –0.01±0.02, p<0.001). In addition, compared with the placebo, vitamin D supplementation led to significant reductions in serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (–1.4±2.5 vs. +1.4±4.8 mg/l, p=0.007), plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) (–0.1±0.2 vs. +0.1±0.2 μmol/l, p=0.009) and a significant increase in plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) concentrations (+33.8±56.7 vs. –2.0±74.5 mmol/l, p=0.04). We did not see any significant effect of vitamin D supplementation on lipid profiles and other biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress compared with the placebo. Overall, we found that vitamin D supplementation had beneficial effects on serum insulin, HOMA-IR, QUICKI, serum hs-CRP, plasma MDA, and TAC levels among diabetic HD patients for 12 weeks. Clinical registration: http://www.irct.ir: IRCT201611155623N92.
Scientific bases and principles of obtaining carbon-metallic material by catalytic pyrolysis of ethanol
Authors: Akhmadiev G M 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The method of producing of carbon-metal material in the form of mixture of carbon fibers and encapsulated in unstructured carbon particles of nickel in diameter from 10 to 150 nanometers catalytic pyrolysis of ethanol comprising the catalyst in the form of nickel oxide and magnesium applied on the surface of inert substrate and placed in theclosed sealed volume maintained at constant temperature is fed through the inlet manifoldethanol vapor andis removed through outlet manifold gaseous pyrolysis products, wherein ethanol vapor diluted with inert gas in a ratio ethanol: inert gas of 1:4 …5. The inert gas dilution use ethanol vapor argon. The catalyst is used in the form of alloy of nickel oxide (II) and magnesium in a weight ratio of NiO: MgO 4:1. The temperature is maintained constantly during synthesis of the form in the range of 600 to 750 °C. Synthesis was carried out under atmospheric pressure. The catalyst applied on the surface of inert substrate in the form of graphite foil is used in pulverized or granular state.
Are we rational?
Authors: Evans Jonathan St B. T. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Human thinking and reasoning can be compared with a ‘normative’ standard—a formal theory of right and wrong answers. The normative theories mostly applied are decision theory, probability theory, and logic. People frequently make errors by these standards and have been shown to have many cognitive biases. Does this mean that human beings must be intrinsically irrational? ‘Are we rational?’ considers different definitions of rationality: instrumental, epistemic, bounded, normative, ecological, and evolutionary rationality. It also asks how important is general intelligence in rationality? More recent psychological research suggests that both instrumental and epistemic rationality, defined by conventional means, are aided by a combination of general intelligence and rational thinking disposition.
From dual processes to two minds
Authors: Evans Jonathan St B. T. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
There has been a large amount of attention to dual processing in psychology, but with many different theories and much variation in terminology. ‘From dual processes to two minds’ reviews Type 1 processing and the power of intuition, as well as Type 2 thinking, intelligence, and working memory. It asks if dual-process theories can explain cognitive biases, and whether there is one general theory of dual processing. It concludes by outlining a new ‘two minds’ theory. There might be an implicit system (System 1 or old mind) that is evolutionarily ancient and shared with other animals, and an explicit system (System 2 or new mind) that is predominantly (but not exclusively) human.
NLRC4 inflammasomopathies
Authors: Romberg Neil , Vogel Tiphanie P. , Canna Scott W. 
Published: September 2017

Purpose of reviewThe purpose of the review is to highlight developments in autoinflammatory diseases associated with gain-of-function mutations in the gene encoding NLR-family CARD-containing protein 4 (NLRC4), the NLRC4-inflammasomopathies.Recent findingsThree years since the identification of the first autoinflammation with infantile enterocolitis (AIFEC) patients, there is an improved understanding of how the NLRC4 inflammasome and interleukin 18 (IL-18) contribute to gut inflammation in myeloid and also intestinal epithelial cells. This information has opened new therapeutic avenues to treat AIFEC patients with targeted agents like recombinant IL-18 binding protein and antiinterferon-γ antibodies. Additional phenotypes traditionally associated with NLRP3 mutations like familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome and neonatal onset multisystem inflammatory disease (NOMID), have now also been associated with gain-of-functionNLRC4mutations. Finally,NLRC4somatic mosaicism has now been identified in a NOMID and an AIFEC patient, a finding emphasizing nontraditional modes of inheritance in autoinflammatory diseases.SummaryThe NLRC4 inflammasomopathies constitute a growing autoinflammatory disease category that spans a broad clinical spectrum from cold urticaria to NOMID and the often fatal disease AIFEC. Rapid case identification with biomarkers like elevated serum IL-18 concentrations and early intervention with targeted immunomodulatory therapies are key strategies to improving outcomes for AIFEC patients.
Neutrophil extracellular traps in vasculitis, friend or foe?
Authors: Söderberg Daniel , Segelmark Mårten 
Published: September 2017

Purpose of review
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) can be found at the sites of vascular lesions and in the circulation of patients with active small vessel vasculitis. Neutrophils from vasculitis patients release more NETs in vitro, and NETs have properties that can harm the vasculature both directly and indirectly. There are several ways to interfere with NET formation, which open for new therapeutic options. However, there are several types of NETs and different mechanisms of NET formation, and these might have different effects on inflammation. Here we review recent findings regarding the pathogenesis and therapeutic potentials of NETs in vasculitis.

Recent findings
Experimental mouse models support a role for NETs in promoting vascular damage, where histones and mitochondrial DNA appear to be driving forces. Impaired formation of NETs, however, in an SLE-like mouse model leads to more severe disease, suggesting that NETs can be important in limiting inflammation. Studies on drug-induced vasculitis reveal that levamisole can induce NETosis via muscarinic receptors, predisposing for the generation of autoantibodies, including antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA). This supports the notion that NETs can bridge the innate and adaptive immune systems.

Summary
NETs can participate in the pathogenesis of vasculitis, but in some models there also seem to be protective effects of NETs. This complexity needs further evaluation with experimental models that are as specific as possible for human primary vasculitis.
Nivolumab-associated Nephrotic Syndrome in a Patient With Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report
Authors: Daanen Robin A. , Maas Rutger J.H. , Koornstra Rutger H.T. , Steenbergen Eric. J. , van Herpen Carla M.L. , Willemsen Annelieke E.C.A.B. 
Published: September 2017

Introduction:
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have taken an important place in the treatment of different types of malignancies. These drugs are known to have specific immune-mediated adverse events. We describe a case of severe nephrotic syndrome secondary to treatment with nivolumab in a patient with renal cell carcinoma.

Case Presentation:
A 62-year-old man was treated with nivolumab for papillary renal cell carcinoma type 2 for 8 weeks when he was admitted to the hospital with a severe nephrotic syndrome and acute kidney injury. Renal biopsy showed focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Treatment with high-dose corticosteroids had insufficient effect, but the addition of mycophenolate mofetil resulted in remission of the nephrotic syndrome and recovery of renal function. Proteinuria subsequently relapsed during corticosteroid tapering.

Conclusions:
The time course in this patient strongly suggests that the nephrotic syndrome occurred as an adverse drug reaction to nivolumab treatment. If during nivolumab treatment renal insufficiency, hypoalbuminemia, or proteinuria develops, further analysis for a possible nephrotic syndrome is warranted for early detection and treatment of this life-threatening complication.
Does mindfulness meditation improve chronic pain? A systematic review
Authors: Ball Elizabeth F. , Nur Shafina Muhammad Sharizan Emira , Franklin Genny , Rogozińska Ewelina 
Published: September 2017

Purpose of review
Psychological factors are associated with chronic pain. Mindfulness meditation may ameliorate symptoms. The objective was to evaluate the effects of mindfulness meditation in chronic pain.

Recent findings
A systematic search of four databases identified 534 citations; 13 Randomised controlled trials satisfied the inclusion criteria. Mindfulness meditation significantly reduced depression [Standardised mean difference (SMD) −0.28; 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.53, −0.03; P = 0.03; I
2 = 0%]. For affective pain (SMD −0.13; 95% CI −0.42, 0.16; I
2 = 0%), sensory pain (SMD −0.02; 95% CI −0.31, 0.27; I
2 = 0%) and anxiety (SMD −0.16; 95% CI −0.47, 0.15; I
2 = 0%) there was a trend towards benefit with intervention. Quality of life items on mental health (SMD 0.65; 95% CI −0.27, 1.58; I
2 = 69%), physical health (SMD 0.08; 95% CI −0.40, 0.56; I
2 = 32%) and overall score (SMD 0.86, 95% CI −0.06, 1.78; I
2 = 88%) improved with mindfulness meditation.

Summary
Mindfulness meditation has most prominent effect on psychological aspects on living with chronic pain, improving associated depression and quality of life.
MECHANISM OF “FLAP CLOSURE” AFTER THE INVERTED INTERNAL LIMITING MEMBRANE FLAP TECHNIQUE
Authors: Bonińska Karolina , Nawrocki Jerzy , Michalewska Zofia 
Published: September 2017

Purpose:
Recent studies described that in approximately 14% to 16% of cases of macular holes treated with the inverted internal limiting membrane flap technique, the hole was closed only by a thin layer of inverted internal limiting membrane—“flap closure.” The aim of this article was to describe the functional and anatomical results in flap closure macular holes and also the mechanism of flap closure.

Methods:
A retrospective observational study of 149 eyes of 139 patients treated with vitrectomy using the inverted internal limiting membrane flap technique was reviewed to aggregate eyes with flap closure. Complete ophthalmic examination was performed preoperatively and at 7 days, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery.

Results:
Flap closure (Group 1) was noted in 24 eyes and other closure types in 125 eyes (Group 2). The mean minimal and base diameters of the macular holes in the flap closure group were greater than those in Group 2 (P < 0.001). The mean postoperative best-corrected visual acuity in the flap closure group (20/100) was lower than that in Group 2 (20/50) (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Flap closure probably enables closure of large macular holes with a higher probability of remaining open without the use of the inverted internal limiting membrane flap technique. Foveal architecture continuously improved.
RESULTS OF RETINAL DETACHMENT SURGERY IN EYES WITH OSTEO-KERATOPROSTHESIS
Authors: Vilaplana Ferran , Nadal Jeroni , Temprano José , Julio Gemma , Barraquer Rafael I. 
Published: September 2017

Purpose:
To evaluate the anatomical and functional results of pars plana vitrectomy in eyes with osteo-keratoprosthesis, who have suffered retinal detachment.

Methods:
An observational, retrospective study of 18 eyes which underwent pars plana vitrectomy for retinal detachment after an implantation of an osteo-keratoprosthesis, with a minimum of 1-year follow-up. A descriptive study and a Kaplan–Meier survival analysis for anatomical and functional success were performed. Anatomical success was defined as an attached retina at the end of vitreoretinal surgery with no redetachment during the follow-up. Functional success was defined as a postoperative visual acuity of more than or equal to 20/400.

Results:
The overall rate of anatomical success was 56%, and the anatomical survival rates were 67% and 53% at 6 months and 12 months, respectively, maintaining this last value at 24 months after pars plana vitrectomy. The overall rate of functional success was 17%, and the functional survival rates were 83%, 39%, and 14% at 6 months, 12 months, and 24 months after pars plana vitrectomy, respectively. The most frequent complication after retinal surgery was retroprosthetic membrane (33%).

Conclusion:
Despite the reserved prognosis and the severe complications, vitrectomy represents a valid method for treating retinal detachment in patients with osteo-keratoprosthesis, with good anatomical results but poor visual acuity.
Multicenter Study of 6-Month Clinical Outcomes After Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty
Authors: Oellerich Silke , Baydoun Lamis , Peraza-Nieves Jorge , Ilyas Abbas , Frank Laurence , Binder Perry S. , Melles Gerrit R. J. ,   on behalf of the International DMEK Study Group
Published: September 2017

Purpose:To report the 6-month clinical outcomes of a large cohort of Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) eyes operated by 55 starting or experienced surgeons.Methods:This is a retrospective, multicenter, interventional, cohort study with a total of 2485 eyes. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), endothelial cell density (ECD) decrease, and intra- and post-operative complications were evaluated. Three groups based on case order were compared: group I (cases 1–24), group II (cases 25–99), and group III (cases ≥100). Forty-nine percent of the surgeons were in their learning curve (<25 cases), representing 10.4% of the surgeries.Results:Six months after DMEK, BCVA improved in 90.5% of eyes, remained unchanged in 4.6%, and deteriorated in 4.9% (n = 1936); 75.4% of eyes reached a BCVA of ≥20/40 (≥0.5), 45.4% ≥20/25 (≥0.8), and 25.8% ≥20/20 (≥1.0) (n = 1959) and ECD decreased by 40% (±19) (n = 1272,P< 0.05). BCVA and ECD outcomes did not differ between groups I and III (P> 0.05). Intraoperative complications were reported for 9.4% of eyes, whereas graft detachment was the main postoperative complication (27.4%), with lower intra- and post-operative complication rates in group III than group I (P< 0.05). Rebubbling was performed in 20.1% of eyes; 13.8% required secondary keratoplasty within 6 months.Conclusions:DMEK is applicable for surgeons in various settings with good clinical outcomes. After an arbitrary learning curve (<25 cases), virtually all transplant-related complications declined with experience. Notably, surgeons with a higher annual caseload may pass faster through their learning curve than surgeons performing their first surgeries over an extended period.
Risk Factors and Nomogram for Common Bile Duct Stricture in Chronic Pancreatitis
Authors: Hao Lu , Bi Ya-Wei , Zhang Di , Zeng Xiang-Peng , Xin Lei , Pan Jun , Wang Dan , Ji Jun-Tao , Du Ting-Ting , Lin Jin-Huan , Ye Bo , Zou Wen-Bin , Chen Hui , Xie Ting , Li Bai-Rong , Zheng Zhao-Hong , Wang Teng , Guo Hong-Lei , Liao Zhuan , Li Zhao-Shen , Hu Liang-Hao 
Published: September 2017

Goals:
To identify the risk factors and develop nomograms for common bile duct (CBD) stricture in chronic pancreatitis (CP) patients.

Background:
CBD stricture is a common complication in CP and has a variable clinical presentation ranging from asymptomatic to overt jaundice and cholangitis.

Study:
Patients with CP admitted to Changhai Hospital (Shanghai, China) from January 2000 to December 2013 were enrolled. Cumulative rates of CBD stricture after onset and diagnosis of CP were calculated. Patients were randomly assigned, in a 2:1 ratio, to the training and validation cohort. On the basis of the training cohort, risk factors for CBD stricture and symptomatic CBD stricture were identified through Cox proportional hazards regression model, and nomograms was developed, respectively. Internal and external validations were performed based on the training and validation cohort, respectively.

Results:
With a total of 2153 patients, the median duration of follow-up was 7.0 years. CBD strictures were detected in 340 (15.8%) patients, whereas 159 of them were symptomatic. Male gender, age at onset of CP, smoking, body mass index, and morphology of main pancreatic duct were identified risk factors for CBD stricture development. Age at onset of CP, body mass index, and type of pain were identified risk factors for symptomatic CBD stricture development. Both nomograms achieved good concordance indexes with well-fitted calibration curves.

Conclusions:
The nomogram achieved an individualized prediction of symptomatic CBD stricture development in CP patients. It may help the early diagnosis and intervention of symptomatic CBD stricture and reduce the rates of severe adverse events.