bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Managing Arterial Injury in Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery: Case Series and Review of the Literature
Authors: Romero Alicia Del Carmen Becerra , lal Gangadharan Jagath , Bander Evan D. , Gobin Yves Pierre , Anand Vijay K. , Schwartz Theodore H. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The most feared complications following endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery are arterial vascular injuries. Previously published literature is restricted to internal carotid artery injuries. The ideal method for controlling arterial bleeding during this kind of procedure is debated, and a variety of techniques have been advocated.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the management and outcome following intraoperative arterial injury during endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery.

METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of a prospectively acquired database of consecutive endonasal endoscopic surgeries at the New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center from December 2003 to June 2015 and identified all cases of arterial injury.

RESULTS: Of 800 cases, there were 4 arterial injuries (0.5%), of which only one involved the internal carotid artery (ICA), for a risk of 0.125%. The other 3 involved the ophthalmic artery, anterior communicating artery, and A1 segment of the anterior cerebral artery. In all cases, definitive treatment involved occlusion of the artery either through endovascular means (3 cases) or direct surgical ligation (1 case). Neurological examinations were unchanged after arterial repair with only 1 small asymptomatic stroke. Literature review identified 7336 patients, of which there were 25 arterial injuries, of which 19 were of the ICA. Hence, the total rate of arterial injury was 0.34% and the rate of ICA injury was 0.26%. Arterial sacrifice was the only reliable method for managing arterial injury.

CONCLUSION: Arterial injury is an uncommon event after endoscopic endonasal surgery. Attempts at arterial repair are rarely successful, and vessel sacrifice is the most reliable technique at this point.
Finnish ‘Ecstasy’ arrives. Nordic eroticism as a strategy for foreign distribution
Authors: Lehtisalo Anneli 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The article studies the international distribution of the Finnish film Hilja maitotyttö/The Milkmaid (Särkkä, 1953) and how the idea of ‘Nordic eroticism’, made famous by Swedish films, was utilized in the film and its marketing. In addition, it discusses how the film was received internationally.
Using 3D Microscopy to Analyze Experimental Cut Marks on Animal Bones Produced with Different Stone Tools
Authors: Moretti Erika , Arrighi Simona , Boschin Francesco , Crezzini Jacopo , Aureli Daniele , Ronchitelli Annamaria 
Published: December 2015

This study uses a combination of digital microscopic analysis and experimental archaeology to assess stone tool cut marks on animal bones. We used two un-retouched flint flakes and two burins to inflict cut marks on fresh, boiled, and dry ungulate bones. The experiment produced three series of three engravings on each bone with each of the experimental tools. The first series involved one single stroke; the second, two strokes in the same direction; and the third, multiple strokes using a to-and-fro movement. We analyzed the striations using a Hirox 3D digital microscope (KH-7700) and collected metric and profile data on the morphology of the cut marks. In order to describe the shape of each cross section, we calculated the ratio between the breadth at the top and the breadth at the floor of cut marks. Preliminary results show that both the tool type and the method of creating the cut mark influence the shape of the resulting groove. In our experiment, morphological parameters can be used to differentiate between marks produced using un-retouched flint flakes and those produced using burins. However, neither morphological nor morphometric analysis allows us to identify the mechanical motion used to produce the cuts, nor the state of the bone (fresh, boiled, or dry) at the moment of marking.
The Energy Effectiveness Of Crops In Crop Rotation Under Different Soil Tillage Systems
Authors: Strašil Zdeněk , Vach Milan , Smutný Vladimír 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The paper identifies and compares the energy balance of winter wheat, spring barley and white mustard – all grown in crop rotation under different tillage conditions. The field trial included the conventional tillage (CT) method, minimum tillage (MT) and a system with no tillage (NT). The energy inputs included both the direct and indirect energy component. Energy outputs are evaluated as gross calorific value (gross heating value of phytomass dry matter) of the primary product and the total harvested production. The energy effectiveness (energy output: energy input) was selected for evaluation. The greatest energy effectiveness for the primary product was established as 6.35 for barley, 6.04 for wheat and 3.68 for mustard; in the case of total production, it was 9.82 for barley, 10.08 for wheat and 9.72 for mustard. When comparing the different tillage conditions, the greatest energy effectiveness was calculated for the evaluated crops under the MT operation and represented the primary product of wheat at 6.49, barley at 6.69 and mustard at 3.92. The smallest energy effectiveness for the primary product was found in wheat 5.77 and barley 6.10 under the CT option; it was 3.55 for mustard under the option of NT. Throughout the entire cropping pattern, the greatest energy effectiveness was established under the minimum tillage option – 5.70 for the primary product and 10.47 for the total production. On the other hand, the smallest values were calculated under CT – 5.22 for the primary product and 9.71 for total production.
Additional Glacial Relicts in Carei Plain Natural Protected Area, North-Western Romania
Authors: Szatmari Paul-Marian 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
This paper presents new scientific data on the spread of mountain elements in the plains of the northwestern part of Romania, species that managed to survive in this area since the last glacial period. Previous studies revealed that the northwestern part of Romania does not exhibit vegetation specific to the region of forest steppe, hills or low mountain areas, as expected. Many species common to mountainous regions were previously observed not only in Carei Plain, but also in Ier Plain, Tur Plain, Tăşnad Hills or Oaş region across Satu Mare, Bihor and Sălaj counties. The same observations were made in other parts of Carei Plain in Hungary, and conclusions were drawn that the area was a glacial refuge. On the Hungarian side of the Carei Plain, the ecosystems were also better preserved comparative to the Romanian side, where most of the natural ecosystems of the Carei Plain were destroyed due to the conversion to agricultural land starting with the 19th century and culminating in the communist period during the 20th century. The study is also intended to be a complement to the data on "Natura 2000" sites, whose goal is the protection of biodiversity in Europe along with their conservation in the most favorable conditions. An update of these sites is becoming increasingly necessary since in recent decades they have been greatly impacted by human activities.
Eine Neuedition von P.Berl. Cohen 8
Authors: Hagedorn Dieter , Reiter Fabian 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA new edition of the sale of an ass from Kerkesoucha P.Berl. Cohen 8, offering new readings especially of the prescript, gives new weight to the text in regard to the discussion of the process of centralization of the activities of the state notaries in the Arsinoite nome at the end of the II cent. C.E.
Failure analysis of ParaPost drills that fractured in service: a retrieval analysis study
Authors: Al Jabbari Youssef S. , Fournelle Raymond , Al Qhatani Mirae , Zinelis Spiros 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe aim was to determine the fracture mechanism of two clinically failed ParaPost drills. First, the fracture planes were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The drill end of one of the fractured pieces of each drill was then embedded in resin and after being metallographically ground and polished, was chemically etched. The microstructure and elemental composition were then examined by SEM/EDS analysis while hardness was determined with a Vickers testing device. Fractographic analysis revealed that both drills failed in a brittle manner and showed a pattern characteristic of a
Analysis of Vision Development in Patients after Childhood Cataract Surgery
Authors: Valeina Sandra , Sepetiene Svetlana , Laganovska Guna , Radecka Liga , Vanags Juris , Erts Renars , Meskovska Zanda , Sture Elize Anna 
Published: December 2015

Summary

Introduction. Childhood cataracts have different morphologies and different presentation time. If clouding of the lens interferes with visual development, the only type of treatment is lens extraction surgery in order to prevent low vision or blindness development. Intraocular lens implantation is also successfully used in children to correct eye refraction after lens extraction surgery. After surgery combined correction using spectacles or contact lenses is frequently carried out.

Aim of the Study. To analyze paediatric cataract morphology and cataract presentation time. To compare patients with different morphological types of cataract, as well as patients with different onsets of lens clouding.To compare vision outcomes in these two classification groups.

Materials and methods. There was performed a retrospective analysis of 83 childhood cataract eyes, with the surgery being performed in the time period from 2006-2013. Visual acuity, contrast-sensitivity, binocular functions, and refraction were measured third month, 6th month, and 9th month after surgery, and then later once a year. Postoperative complications such as secondary cataract and secondary glaucoma were diagnosed. Visual development in different cataract groups was compared.
The patients were divided into groups depending on cataract presentation time and the type of cataract morphology thus creating five major morphological groups and 12 sub-groups. Established groups were compared to each other by analysing visual development. Results. Pearson’s chi-square statistical analysis showed that there is a statistically significant correlation (p <0.05) between morphological classification and cataract presentation over time. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) reveals that postoperative visual abilities (visual outcome)(p <0.001) differ across morphological and cataract presentation groups.

Conclusions. Visual development of childhood cataract patients is dependent on the onset of cataract and its morphology, it is affected by cataract surgery timeliness, quality of surgery, postoperative refractive correction possibilities and tolerability; myopic deviation; close patient monitoring; early diagnosis, and treatment of postoperative complications. Futher research is required in order to conduct mathematical modelling of the visual outcome after paediatric cataract surgery.
Post Operative Pain Management for Open Inguinal Hernia Repair under Ultrasound Guidance with two Different Regional Analgesia Techniques: Transversus Abdominis Plane Block VS Ilioinguinal / Iliohypogastric Nerves Block
Authors: Slim Yehya , Rikmane Maija , Grigorjevs Sergejs , Stepanovs Jevgenijs , Mamaja Biruta 
Published: December 2015

Summary

Introduction. An effective postoperative analgesia is of key importance to facilitate recovery during the immediate postoperative period and to ensure early ambulation. The transversus abdominis plane block (TAP) and ilioinguinal / iliohypogastric nerves block (IHN) are a relatively new regional analgesia techniques that provide a postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing lower abdominal surgery.

Aim of the Study. The objective of this study was to compare the analgesic effectiveness of ultrasound guided TAP block versus ultrasound guided IHN block in the post-operative period of unilateral open inguinal hernia repair.

Materials and methods. One hundred five consented adult patients scheduled for unilateral open inguinal hernia repair were enrolled in this randomised controlled clinical study. US-guided regional analgesia with 0.5 % of levobupivacaine was performed after induction of general anaesthesia (GA). Patients were randomly allocated into two groups: Group A- 53 patients underwent TAP block vs. Group B- 52 patients underwent IHN block. All patients received a standardised GA. Both groups were comparable for age, gender, ASA, and weight. All patients were scheduled for postoperative pain assessment using a visual analogue scale (VAS) at two definite times: 1- VAS1: when patient was awake and conscious post GA; 2- VAS2: when patient requested a rescue analgesia or patient reached 17 hours post block performance.

Results. There were no significant differences in age, gender, ASA, or weight between both groups (p=0.9; p=0.8; p=0.6; p=0.9 respectively).
We found out significant differences comparing VAS score over the time, the IHN block had better effect than the TAP block on relieving pain at the VAS1 (p=0.03) and VAS2 (p=0.04).
The duration of the blocks in group A and group B was as the following:
2-6.5 hrs= [Mean ± SD: 4.2 ± 1.5 vs. 5 ± 0.8 respectively and p=0.03]; 6.5-17 hrs= [Mean ± SD: 11.9 ± 2.3 vs. 14.4 ± 1.7 respectively and p=0.203]; ≥ 17 hrs= [Mean ± SD: 19 ± 1.1 vs. 20.1 ± 2 respectively and p=0.003]. The results of our study were more favourable for the IHN block in all the 3 timing groups.

Conclusions. Ultrasound-guided IHN block provides better pain control and longer duration of action than ultrasound-guided TAP block in the post-operative period of unilateral open inguinal hernia repair.
Both regional analgesia techniques: TAP block and IHN block under ultrasound guidance for open inguinal hernia repair are simple, safe and effective pain control methods.
Non-surgical Management of Acute Nonperforated Appendicitis in Children
Authors: Viksne Arturs , Abola Zane , Engelis Arnis , Petersons Aigars 
Published: December 2015

Summary
Acute appendicitis is common condition in the pediatric population. Despite that, there is still actual discussion on most approriate treatment. In adult population there are evidence that non-surgical treatment in uncomplicated cases is safe and effective, it could avoid unnecessary appendectomies. The experience is very little on pediatric population, but it is known that in certain part of cases conservative management is feasible. Moreover this approach could reduce complication rates associated with surgery.
Colorectal Leiomyosarcoma – a Rare Tumour in GIST Era
Authors: Drike Inese , Strumfa Ilze , Kolomencikova Lubova , Vasko Ervins , Vanags Andrejs , Gardovskis Janis 
Published: December 2015

Summary
Primary malignant mesenchymal colorectal tumours, representing a small fraction of soft tissue sarcomas, are characterised by predominance of gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST). After the GIST concept has been implemented in the diagnostics, the incidence of registered leiomyosarcomas has markedly decreased. The scarcity of credible cases embarrasses the analysis of tumour biological behaviour. Here we report well-documented, immunohistochemically proved, surgically treated case of colonic leiomyosarcoma (LMS) in order to broaden the published evidence by our data and to emphasize that the differential diagnosis of mesenchymal gastrointestinal tumours is not limited by GIST.
Bilateral Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung in Association with Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis
Authors: Jukna Agita , Strumfa Ilze , Vasko Ervins , Vanags Andrejs 
Published: December 2015

Summary
Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis is a benign epithelial neoplasm which most frequently affects larynx and trachea and rarely extends to lung parenchyma. Transformation to malignant tumour is distinctly rare. Here we report a well-documented, morphologically proved and surgically treated case of bilateral pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma in a young adult male with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. The aim of the report is to heighten the awareness of malignant transformation in such patients.
Malignant Neighbours in Liver: Co-Occurrence of Metastatic Colorectal and Hepatocellular Carcinomas
Authors: Vasko Ervins , Vanags Andrejs , Strumfa Ilze , Bogdanova Tatjana , Drike Inese , Gardovskis Janis 
Published: December 2015

Summary
As the cancer incidence is high and oncologic treatment has improved worldwide, a second primary tumour can threaten the patient. Such situation demands correct management, and can also provide an insight in the mechanisms of carcinogenesis. Here we report a surgically treated 54-year-old female with recurrent colorectal cancer showing close colocalisation of hepatocellular carcinoma arising in non-cirrhotic liver and metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma. To the best of our knowledge, only few such cases have been reported, mostly from areas characterised by high incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Recurrent Multiple Atypical Meningiomas Despite Neurosurgical Resection
Authors: Bergs Gvido Janis , Stukens Janis , Bremmers Martins , Jakovlevs Arvids , Vanags Andrejs , Strumfa Ilze 
Published: December 2015

Summary
Meningiomas constitute 20-38% of primary intracranial neoplasms. Among these, atypical meningiomas (WHO grade II) comprise 4.7-7.2% of symptomatic cases. The primary goal of surgery is the complete removal of the meningioma, including the attachment to dura mater and bone. Subtotal resection as well as more aggressive histological type and grade are associated with higher recurrence risk. Here we report a 68-year-old male who suffered from multiple (5) meningiomas which necessitated 3 resections within 4 years. The simultaneous occurrence of different tumour grades of malignancy as well as grade progression was evident.
First Lung Transplantation on a Latvian patient with Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Skride Andris , Sablinskis Kristaps , Rudzitis Ainars , Lesina Krista 
Published: December 2015

Summary
This is the case of the first bilateral/double-lung transplantation (DLT) on a Latvian patient which was performed due to right heart failure caused by idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH). After DLT the patient developed acute kidney failure which was successfully solved with an intermittent hemofiltration. The patient now receives specialized immunosuppressive therapy.
Von U-Booten, Kriegsreportern und dem Fall des Hauses Romanov
Authors: Bohn Anna 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe mass digitization of finding aids and original documents from the First World War presents a challenge in developing digital multimedia scholarly editions. Different source categories and media types such as film documents, written records, images and sound can thus be linked, annotated and contextualized. This is illustrated by describing the complex source transmission of three historical events: the submarine warfare in the Mediterranean in 1917, the murder of the Romanov family by the Bolshevik revolutionaries and the cross-border activities and professional life of the Russian born war reporter Samson Chernov (1887-1929) during the Balkan Wars and the First World War.
Feasibility Study Of Maisotsenko Indirect Evaporative Air Cooling Cycle In Iran
Authors: Rezaee Vahid , Houshmand Arash 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
This paper presents energy and exergy analysis of air cooling cycle based on novel Maisotsenko indirect evaporative cooling cycle. Maisotsenko cycle (M-cycle) provides desired cooling condition above the dew point and below the wet bulb temperature. In this study, based on average annual temperature, The Iran area is segmented into eleven climates. In energy analysis, wet-bulb and dew point effectiveness, cooling capacity rate and in exergy analysis, exergy input rate, exergy destruction rate, exergy loss, exergy efficiency, exergetic COP and entropy generation rate for Iran's weather conditions in the indicated climates are calculated. Moreover, a feasibility study based on water evaporation rate and Maisotsenko cycle was presented. Energy and exergy analysis results show that the fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth climates are quite compatible and Rasht, Sari, Ramsar and Ardabile cities are irreconcilable with the Maisotsenko cycle.
Ghrelin action on GnRH neurons and pituitary gonadotropes might be mediated by GnIH-GPR147 system
Authors: Celik Onder , Celik Nilufer , Aydin Suleyman , Aygun Banu Kumbak , Haberal Esra Tustas , Kuloglu Tuncay , Ulas Mustafa , Aktun Lebriz Hale , Acet Mustafa , Celik Sudenaz 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Acylated ghrelin (AG) effect on GnRH secretion is mediated, at least in part, by GH secreta-gogue receptor (GHS-R) which is present in the GnRH neurons. As the acylation is mandatory for binding to GHS-R, unacylated isoform of ghrelin (UAG) action on gonadotropin secretion is likely to be mediated by other receptors or mediators that have not been identified yet. UAG, therefore, may act partially via a GHS-R-independent mechanism and inhibitory impact of UAG on GnRH neurons may be executed via modulation of other neuronal networks. Ghrelin and gonadotropin inhibitory hormone (GnIH), two agonistic peptides, have been known as important regulators of reproductive events. Potential impact of ghrelin on the activity of GnIH neurons is not exactly known. Both GnIH and ghrelin are potent stimulators of food intake and inhibitors of gonadotropin release. By binding G-protein coupled GnIH receptor (GnIH-R), GPR147, which is located in the human gonadotropes and GnRh neurons, GnIH exerts an inhibitory effect on both GnRH neurons and the gonadotropes. The GnIH-GPR147 system receives information regarding the status of energy reservoir of body from circulating peptides and then transfers them to the kisspeptin-GnIH-GnRH network. Due to wide distribution of this network in brain GnIH neurons may project on ghrelin neurons in the arcuate nucleus and contribute to the regulation of UAG’s central effects or vice versa. Together, the unidentified ghrelin receptor in the hypothalamus and hypophysis may be GnIH-R. Therefore, it is reasonable that ghrelin may act on both hypothalamus and hypophysis via GnIH-GPR147 system to block gonadotropin synthesis and secretion.
Deforestation And Its Impacts On Climate Change An Overview Of Pakistan
Authors: Ali Arshad , Riaz Somana , Iqbal Shahid 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Forests are one the main natural factors that regulate and determine climate, weather patterns and amount of CO2 of an area. With rapid industrialization and rapid urbanization there is a significant increase in deforestation and as a consequence rise in global mean surface temperatures. Rapid and unchecked cut down of forest cover has resulted in some of the worst disasters during the last decades. This paper focuses on studying the role of deforestation, its influence on climate change phenomena and its consequences in Pakistan.
The Network Of Shelterbelts As An Agroforestry System Controlling The Water Resources And Biodiversity In The Agricultural Landscape
Authors: Kędziora Andrzej 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Long-term human activity has led to many unfavourable changes in landscape structure. The main negative effect has been a simplification of landscape structure reflecting the removal of stable ecosystems, such as forests, shelterbelts, strips of meadows and so on, which were converted into unstable ecosystems, mainly farmlands. Thanks to these changes, serious threats have been posed to the sustainable development of rural areas. The most hazardous of these involve a deteriorating of water balance, increased surface and ground water pollution, and impoverishment of biodiversity. An agroforestry system can serve as a toolkit which allows counteracting such negative changes in the landscape. This paper presents the main findings emerge from long-term investigations on the above issues carried out by the Institute for the Agricultural and Forest Environment of the Polish Academy of Sciences.