bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defining Cognitive Logics by Non-Classical Tableau Rules
Authors: Jarmużek Tomasz 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
In the paper we propose a new approach to formalization of cognitive logics. By cognitive logics we understand supraclassical, but non-trivial consequence operations, defined in a propositional language. We extend some paradigm of tableau methods, in which classical consequence Cn is defined, to stronger logics - monotonic, as well as non-monotonic ones - by specific use of non-classical tableau rules. So far, in that context tableaus have been treated as a way of formalizing other approaches to supraclassical logics, but we use them autonomically to generate various consequence operations. It requires a description of the hierarchy of non-classical tableau rules that result in different supraclassical consequence operations, so we give it.
Cognitive Determinants of the Effectiveness of Technological Interfaces
Authors: Paweł Piotr 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Interface plays an important function in the operational process of modern interactive information technologies. Its task is to enable communication, signal exchange, and cooperation with the human mind. Technological interface is understood as the place where technology and software operating a computer must enter into interaction with the mind. The response is provided by the mind, which communicates with the machine performing the tasks imposed by the mind. The technology with its complexities can be a problem for the operator, but on the other hand, the person can also be a problem for the technology by vague and unspecified tasks transferred for execution. I would like to view various aspects of the functioning of the interface by analyzing the four modalities: perceptual modality, associated with memory and experience, with the expectations of users, and conceptual modality related to understanding of the technology by the user.
Between Language and Consciousness: Linguistic Qualia, Awareness, and Cognitive Models
Authors: Konderak Piotr 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The main goal of the paper is to present a putative role of consciousness in language capacity. The paper contrasts the two approaches characteristic for cognitive semiotics and cognitive science. Language is treated as a mental phenomenon and a cognitive faculty (in contrast to approaches that define language as a primarily social phenomenon). The analysis of language activity is based on the Chalmers’ (1996) distinction between the two forms of consciousness: phenomenal (simply “consciousness”) and psychological (“awareness”). The approach is seen as an alternative to phenomenological analyses typical for cognitive semiotics.
Further, a cognitive model of the language faculty is described. The model is implemented in SNePS/GLAIR architecture and based on GATN grammar and semantic networks as a representation formalism. The model - reflecting traditionally distinguished linguistic structures (Jackendoff 2002: 198) - consists of phonological, syntactic, and semantic modules.
I claim that the most important role in the phenomenon of language (and in explanations thereof) is played by psychological consciousness. Phenomenal consciousness accompanies various stages of language functioning (e.g. linguistic qualia), but is not indispensable in explanations of the language faculty.
A modified algorithm of Particle Swarm Optimization for form error evaluation
Authors: Pathak Vimal Kumar , Singh Amit Kumar , Singh Ramanpreet , Chaudhary Himanshu 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The set of measured data points acquired from the Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) need to be processed and analyzed for
evaluating the form errors inside the manufactured components. This paper presents a modified algorithm of particle swarm
optimization (MPSO) for assessing the form error from the set of coordinate measured data points. In the classical
algorithm of the particle swarm optimization (PSO), the value of the candidate solution is updated from its existing value
without actually comparing the value obtained in the consecutive iterations for fitness. This behaviour attributes to
a lack of exploitation ability in the defined search space. The proposed algorithm generates new swarm position and
fitness solution for the objective function through an improved and modified search equation based on a proposed heuristic
step. In this step, the swarm searches around the best solution of the previous iteration for improving the swarm
exploitation capability. The particle swarm uses greedy selection procedure to choose the best candidate
solution. A non-linear minimum zone objective function is formulated mathematically for different types of form errors and
then optimized using proposed MPSO. Five benchmark functions are used to prove the effectiveness of the modified
algorithm, which is verified by comparing its solution and convergence with those obtained from the established algorithms
namely PSO and genetic algorithm (GA). Finally, the result of the proposed algorithm for form error evaluation is compared
with previous work and other established nature-inspired algorithms. The results demonstrate that the proposed MPSO
algorithm is more efficient and accurate than the other conventional heuristic optimization algorithms. Furthermore, it is
well suited for form error evaluation using CMM acquired data.
Untersuchungen zur Messunsicherheit und Wirtschaftlichkeit dimensioneller Computertomographie-Messungen an ausgewählten Beispielen
Authors: Hiller Jochen , Sawczyn Nikolas , Imkamp Dietrich , Uhlmann Eckart 
Published: March 2017

Zusammenfassung
Die industrielle Computertomographie (CT) wird zunehmend für die
zerstörungsfreie Prüfung von Bauteilen als Instrument der
fertigungsbegleitenden Qualitätssicherung eingesetzt. Ein Vorteil gegenüber taktilen oder optischen Messverfahren ist insbesondere die
Möglichkeit, sowohl außen- als auch innenliegende Geometriemerkmale
zerstörungsfrei zu erfassen. In diesem Beitrag werden anhand
ausgewählter Bauteile Möglichkeiten zur Steigerung der
Wirtschaftlichkeit von CT-Messungen durch gleichzeitige tomographische
Erfassung mehrerer Bauteile im Messvolumen untersucht und die
Messunsicherheit für die einzelnen Aufnahmeszenarien experimentell
ermittelt.
Crystal Structure and Bonding Analysis of (La0.8Ca0.2)(Cr0.9−x
Co0.1Cu
x
)O3 Ceramics
Authors: Thenmozhi N. , Saravanan R. , Fu Yen-Pei 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
In this article, structural properties and bonding behaviours of codoped lanthanum chromites (La0.8Ca0.2)(Cr0.9−x
Co0.1Cu
x
)O3 (x=0.00, 0.03, and 0.12) were investigated in detail. Polycrystalline chromite samples (La0.8Ca0.2)(Cr0.9−x
Co0.1Cu
x
)O3 (x=0.00, 0.03, and 0.12) were prepared by a standard solid-state reaction process. The synthesised samples were characterised for their structural, morphological, optical, and magnetic properties using powder XRD, SEM/EDS, UV–Vis, and VSM. XRD data showed that the samples were crystallised into a single phase with orthorhombic structure. Powder profile refinement analysis suggested the reduction in lattice parameters and cell volume with the addition of Cu. The electron density distributions and the bonding features of the prepared samples have been investigated using maximum entropy method (MEM). The mid bond electron density values revealed the enhancement of ionic nature between lanthanum and oxygen ions and a reduction in covalent nature between chromium and oxygen ions. Heterogeneous distribution of particles with different sizes was observed through SEM micrographs. EDS spectra confirms the presence of constituent elements in the prepared samples. Optical band gap values are decreasing with the addition of Cu. Antiferromagnetic ordering was observed from M–H curves obtained at room temperature. The structural and the magnetic properties are correlated.
A green approach for an efficient preparation of 2,4-diamino-6-aryl-5-pyrimidinecarbonitriles using a TiO2–SiO2 nanocomposite catalyst under solvent-free conditions
Authors: Rabiei Ahmad , Abdolmohammadi Shahrzad , Shafaei Faezeh 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
We report on the preparation of a series of 2,4-diamino-6-aryl-5-pyrimidinecarbonitriles, a new efficient protocol, via the condensation reaction of aromatic aldehydes, malononitrile, and guanidine nitrate using a TiO2–SiO2 nanocomposite with a molar ratio of 1:1 as a heterogeneous catalyst. The use of a low-cost and reusable catalyst under mild and solvent-free conditions, and simplicity in operation with easier isolation of the products in high to excellent yields are the main advantages of this highly versatile and eco-friendly protocol.
«Die politische auseinandersetzung zwischen W. v. Wartburg und Johann Ulrich Hubschmied»
Authors: Hausmann Frank-Rutger 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWhen in 1974 René Étiemble raised accusation against Walther von Wartburg to have fostered Nazi-activities during his visiting professorship in Chicago in 1935 and the following years, Kurt Baldinger asked his Heidelberg colleague Johannes Hubschmid, son of Wartburg’s old friend Johann Ulrich Hubschmied, to clear Wartburg of all blame. But Hubschmid, who was in possession of a rich correspondence between Wartburg and his father, came to a different result, and his documentation remained unpublished. The following article reproduces not only Hubschmid’s text, but gives at the same time an evaluation of Hubschmid’s assertions in the light of other archival material.
Activation of Ras-ERK Signaling and GSK-3 by Amyloid Precursor Protein and Amyloid Beta Facilitates Neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Kirouac Lisa , Rajic Alexander J. , Cribbs David H. , Padmanabhan Jaya 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIt is widely accepted that amyloid β (Aβ) generated from amyloid precursor protein (APP) oligomerizes and fibrillizes to form neuritic plaques in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), yet little is known about the contribution of APP to intracellular signaling events preceding AD pathogenesis. The data presented here demonstrate that APP expression and neuronal exposure to oligomeric Aβ42 enhance Ras/ERK signaling cascade and glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) activation. We find that RNA interference (RNAi)-directed knockdown of APP in B103 rat neuroblastoma cells expressing APP inhibits Ras-ERK signaling and GSK-3 activation, indicating that APP acts upstream of these signal transduction events. Both ERK and GSK-3 are known to induce hyperphosphorylation of tau and APP at Thr668, and our findings suggest that aberrant signaling by APP facilitates these events. Supporting this notion, analysis of human AD brain samples showed increased expression of Ras, activation of GSK-3, and phosphorylation of APP and tau, which correlated with Aβ levels in the AD brains. Furthermore, treatment of primary rat neurons with Aβ recapitulated these events and showed enhanced Ras-ERK signaling, GSK-3 activation, upregulation of cyclin D1, and phosphorylation of APP and tau. The finding that Aβ induces Thr668 phosphorylation on APP, which enhances APP proteolysis and Aβ generation, denotes a vicious feedforward mechanism by which APP and Aβ promote tau hyperphosphorylation and neurodegeneration in AD. Based on these results, we hypothesize that aberrant proliferative signaling by APP plays a fundamental role in AD neurodegeneration and that inhibition of this would impede cell cycle deregulation and neurodegeneration observed in AD.
Amyloid Precursor Protein inDrosophilaGlia Regulates Sleep and Genes Involved in Glutamate Recycling
Authors: Farca Luna Abud Jose , Perier Magali , Seugnet Laurent 
Published: March 2017

Amyloid precursor protein (App) plays a crucial role in Alzheimer's disease via the production and deposition of toxic β-amyloid peptides. App is heavily expressed in neurons, the focus of the vast majority of studies investigating its function. Meanwhile, almost nothing is known about App's function in glia, where it is also expressed, and can potentially participate in the regulation of neuronal physiology. In this report, we investigated whetherAppl, theDrosophilahomolog ofApp, could influence sleep–wake regulation when its function is manipulated in glial cells.Applinhibition in astrocyte-like and cortex glia resulted in higher sleep amounts and longer sleep bout duration during the night, while overexpression had the opposite effect. These sleep phenotypes were not the result of developmental defects, and were correlated with changes in expression in glutamine synthetase (GS) in astrocyte-like glia and in changes in the gap-junction component innexin2 in cortex glia. Downregulating both GS and innexin2, but not either one individually, resulted in higher sleep amounts, similarly toApplinhibition. Consistent with these results, the expression of GS and innexin2 are increased following sleep deprivation, indicating that GS and innexin2 genes are dynamically linked to vigilance states. Interestingly, the reduction of GS expression and the sleep phenotype observed uponApplinhibition could be rescued by increasing the expression of the glutamate transporter dEaat1. In contrast, reducing dEaat1 expression severely disrupted sleep. These results associate glutamate recycling, sleep, and a glial function for the App family proteins.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe amyloid precursor protein (App) has been intensively studied for its implication in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The attributed functions of App are linked to the physiology and cellular biology of neurons where the protein is predominantly expressed. Consequences on glia in AD are generally thought to be secondary effects of the pathology in neurons. Researchers still do not know whether App plays a role in glia in nonpathological conditions. We report here that glial App plays a role in physiology and in the regulation of sleep/wake, which has been shown recently to be involved in AD pathology. These results also associate glutamate recycling and sleep regulation, adding further complexity to the physiological role of App and to its implication in AD.
FEF-Controlled Alpha Delay Activity Precedes Stimulus-Induced Gamma-Band Activity in Visual Cortex
Authors: Popov Tzvetan , Kastner Sabine , Jensen Ole 
Published: March 2017

Recent findings in the visual system of nonhuman primates have demonstrated an important role of gamma-band activity (40–100 Hz) in the feedforward flow of sensory information, whereas feedback control appears to be established dynamically by oscillations in the alpha (8–13 Hz) and beta (13–18 Hz) bands (van Kerkoerle et al., 2014; Bastos et al., 2015). It is not clear, however, how alpha oscillations are controlled and how they interact with the flow of visual information mediated by gamma-band activity. Using noninvasive human MEG recordings in subjects performing a visuospatial attention task, we show that fluctuations in alpha power during a delay period in a spatial attention task preceded subsequent stimulus-driven gamma-band activity. Importantly, these interactions correlated with behavioral performance. Using Granger analysis, we further show that the right frontal-eye field (rFEF) exerted feedback control of the visual alpha oscillations. Our findings suggest that alpha oscillations controlled by the FEF route cortical information flow by modulating gamma-band activity.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTVisual perception relies on a feedforward flow of information from sensory regions, which is modulated by a feedback drive. We have identified the neuronal dynamics supporting integration of the feedforward and feedback information. Alpha oscillations in early visual regions reflect feedback control when spatial attention is allocated and this control is exercised by the right frontal eye field. Importantly, the alpha-band activity predicted both performance and activity in the gamma band. In particular, gamma activity was modulated by the phase of the alpha oscillations. These findings provide novel insight into how the brain operates as a network and suggest that the integration of feedforward and feedback information is implemented by cross-frequency interactions between slow and fast neuronal oscillations.
Phases of Hyperconnectivity and Hypoconnectivity in the Default Mode and Salience Networks Track with Amyloid and Tau in Clinically Normal Individuals
Authors: Schultz Aaron P. , Chhatwal Jasmeer P. , Hedden Trey , Mormino Elizabeth C. , Hanseeuw Bernard J. , Sepulcre Jorge , Huijbers Willem , LaPoint Molly , Buckley Rachel F. , Johnson Keith A. , Sperling Reisa A. 
Published: March 2017

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by two hallmark molecular pathologies: amyloid aβ1–42and Tau neurofibrillary tangles. To date, studies of functional connectivity MRI (fcMRI) in individuals with preclinical AD have relied on associations within vivomeasures of amyloid pathology. With the recent advent ofin vivoTau-PET tracers it is now possible to extend investigations on fcMRI in a sample of cognitively normal elderly humans to regional measures of Tau. We modeled fcMRI measures across four major cortical association networks [default-mode network (DMN), salience network (SAL), dorsal attention network, and frontoparietal control network] as a function of global cortical amyloid [Pittsburgh Compound B (PiB)-PET] and regional Tau (AV1451-PET) in entorhinal, inferior temporal (IT), and inferior parietal cortex. Results showed that the interaction term between PiB and IT AV1451 was significantly associated with connectivity in the DMN and salience. The interaction revealed that amyloid-positive (aβ+) individuals show increased connectivity in the DMN and salience when neocortical Tau levels are low, whereas aβ+individuals demonstrate decreased connectivity in these networks as a function of elevated Tau-PET signal. This pattern suggests a hyperconnectivity phase followed by a hypoconnectivity phase in the course of preclinical AD.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThis article offers a first look at the relationship between Tau-PET imaging with F18-AV1451 and functional connectivity MRI (fcMRI) in the context of amyloid-PET imaging. The results suggest a nonlinear relationship between fcMRI and both Tau-PET and amyloid-PET imaging. The pattern supports recent conjecture that the AD fcMRI trajectory is characterized by periods of both hyperconnectivity and hypoconnectivity. Furthermore, this nonlinear pattern can account for the sometimes conflicting reports of associations between amyloid and fcMRI in individuals with preclinical Alzheimer's disease.
The Phosphorylation State of theDrosophilaTRP Channel Modulates the Frequency Response to Oscillating LightIn Vivo
Authors: Voolstra Olaf , Rhodes-Mordov Elisheva , Katz Ben , Bartels Jonas-Peter , Oberegelsbacher Claudia , Schotthöfer Susanne Katharina , Yasin Bushra , Tzadok Hanan , Huber Armin , Minke Baruch 
Published: March 2017

Drosophilaphotoreceptors respond to oscillating light of high frequency (∼100 Hz), while the detected maximal frequency is modulated by the light rearing conditions, thus enabling high sensitivity to light and high temporal resolution. However, the molecular basis for this adaptive process is unclear. Here, we report that dephosphorylation of the light-activated transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channel at S936 is a fast, graded, light-dependent, and Ca2+-dependent process that is partially modulated by the rhodopsin phosphatase retinal degeneration C (RDGC). Electroretinogram measurements of the frequency response to oscillating lightsin vivorevealed that dark-reared flies expressing wild-type TRP exhibited a detection limit of oscillating light at relatively low frequencies, which was shifted to higher frequencies upon light adaptation. Strikingly, preventing phosphorylation of the S936-TRP site by alanine substitution in transgenicDrosophila(trpS936A) abolished the difference in frequency response between dark-adapted and light-adapted flies, resulting in high-frequency response also in dark-adapted flies. In contrast, inserting a phosphomimetic mutation by substituting the S936-TRP site to aspartic acid (trpS936D) set the frequency response of light-adapted flies to low frequencies typical of dark-adapted flies. Light-adaptedrdgCmutant flies showed relatively high S936-TRP phosphorylation levels and light–dark phosphorylation dynamics. These findings suggest that RDGC is one but not the only phosphatase involved in pS936-TRP dephosphorylation. Together, this study indicates that TRP channel dephosphorylation is a regulatory process that affects the detection limit of oscillating light according to the light rearing condition, thus adjusting dynamic processing of visual information under varying light conditions.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDrosophilaphotoreceptors exhibit high temporal resolution as manifested in frequency response to oscillating light of high frequency (≤∼100 Hz). Light rearing conditions modulate the maximal frequency detected by photoreceptors, thus enabling them to maintain high sensitivity to light and high temporal resolution. However, the precise mechanisms for this process are not fully understood. Here, we show by combination of biochemistry andin vivoelectrophysiology that transient receptor potential (TRP) channel dephosphorylation at a specific site is a fast, light-activated and Ca2+-dependent regulatory process. TRP dephosphorylation affects the detection limit of oscillating light according to the adaptation state of the photoreceptor cells by shifting the detection limit to higher frequencies upon light adaptation. This novel mechanism thus adjusts dynamic processing of visual information under varying light conditions.
A Phase I Study of Abiraterone Acetate Combined with BEZ235, a Dual PI3K/mTOR Inhibitor, in Metastatic Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Wei Xiao X. , Hsieh Andrew C. , Kim Won , Friedlander Terence , Lin Amy M. , Louttit Mirela , Ryan Charles J. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Lessons Learned
The combination of standard dose abiraterone acetate and BEZ235, a pan-class I PI3K and mTORC1/2 inhibitor, was poorly tolerated in men with progressive mCRPC. Although the clinical development of BEZ235 has been discontinued in prostate cancer, agents that more selectively target PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling may have a more favorable therapeutic index and should continue to be explored.

Background
Androgen receptor (AR) and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) signaling are two commonly perturbed pathways in prostate cancer. Preclinical data have shown that the two pathways compensate for each other when one is inhibited, and combined inhibition of AR and PI3K signaling may be a viable strategy to prevent or overcome castration resistance.

Methods
This phase I study evaluated the safety and tolerability of abiraterone acetate and prednisone combined with BEZ235, a dual PI3K and mTORC1/2 inhibitor, in men with progressive metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) who have not received prior chemotherapy.

Results
Six patients (n = 6) were treated at the starting dose level of abiraterone acetate 1,000 mg with prednisone 5 mg twice daily and BEZ235 200 mg twice daily in a 3 + 3 dose escalation design. The study was terminated early because three of the six patients (50%) experienced dose-limiting toxicities: grade 3 mucositis, grade 3 hypotension, and grade 4 dyspnea and pneumonitis. All six patients had previously progressed on abiraterone/prednisone. The median treatment duration was 27 days (range: 3–130 days). No prostate-specific antigen (PSA) decline or objective response were observed.

Conclusion
The combination of standard-dose abiraterone/prednisone with BEZ235 200 mg twice daily was poorly tolerated in patients with mCRPC. The on-target and off-target effects of dual PI3K and mTORC inhibition likely contributed to the unacceptable toxicity profile.