bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Statistical Severe Convective Risk Assessment Model
Authors: Hart John A. , Cohen Ariel E. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
This study introduces a system that objectively assesses severe thunderstorm nowcast probabilities based on hourly mesoscale data across the contiguous United States during the period from 2006 to 2014. Previous studies have evaluated the diagnostic utility of parameters in characterizing severe thunderstorm environments. In contrast, the present study merges cloud-to-ground lightning flash data with both severe thunderstorm report and Storm Prediction Center Mesoscale Analysis system data to create lightning-conditioned prognostic probabilities for numerous parameters, thus incorporating null-severe cases. The resulting dataset and corresponding probabilities are called the Statistical Severe Convective Risk Assessment Model (SSCRAM), which incorporates a sample size of over 3.8 million 40-km grid boxes. A subset of five parameters of SSCRAM is investigated in the present study. This system shows that severe storm probabilities do not vary strongly across the range of values for buoyancy parameters compared to vertical shear parameters. The significant tornado parameter [where “significant” refers to tornadoes producing (Fujita scale) F2/(enhanced Fujita scale) EF2 damage] exhibits considerable skill at identifying downstream tornado events, with higher conditional probabilities of occurrence at larger values, similar to effective storm-relative helicity, both findings being consistent with previous studies. Meanwhile, lifting condensation level heights are associated with conditional probabilities that vary little within an optimal range of values for tornado occurrence, yielding less skill in quantifying tornado potential using this parameter compared to effective storm-relative helicity. The systematic assessment of probabilities using convective environmental information could have applications in present-day operational forecasting duties and the upcoming warn-on-forecast initiatives.
A qualitative analysis of explanatory models in medically unexplained physical symptoms presenting to a tertiary health care psychiatric facility in South India
Authors: Menon Vikas , Shanmuganathan Balasubramanian , Babu Arun Anand , Thamizh Jaiganesh Selvapandian , Selvakumar Nivedhitha , Sarkar Siddharth 
Published: September 2016

Background: Knowledge about subjective perceptions and explanatory models has the potential to inform clinical evaluation and lead to development of patient-friendly treatment models in medically unexplained physical symptoms (MUPS). Aim: To collect qualitative data about explanatory models in MUPS. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was done among patients with MUPS presenting over a 2-year period to a specialty psychosomatic clinic. The Short Explanatory Model of Illness interview was used to gather qualitative data about explanatory models which were subsequently recoded using standard manuals. Results: A total of 123 subjects were evaluated. The nature of symptoms was most commonly reported as ‘non-specific’ ( n = 102, 82.9%) but of moderate to severe intensity ( n = 87, 73.8%). Getting cured or showing improvement was the most common expectation from treatment ( n = 58, 47.9%). Moderate to severe impact of symptoms was reported on work output ( n = 100, 84%), emotional life ( n = 85, 71.4%) and physical mobility ( n = 59, 49.1%). A considerable proportion was either dissatisfied ( n = 61, 50%) or frankly unhappy ( n = 38, 31.4%) with treatment received. Conclusion: There is a need to re-calibrate the clinical approach to people with MUPS to enhance treatment satisfaction. Our findings could assist in evolving culturally sensitive conceptualizations of illness and in developing patient-centred models for therapy in MUPS patients.
‘We know it works but does it last?’ The implementation of the KEEP foster and kinship carer training programme in England
Authors: Roberts Rosemarie , Glynn Georgia , Waterman Colin 
Published: September 2016

Recent years have seen an increased availability of well-researched parenting programmes but few are designed to address the specific needs of foster carers, including kinship carers, or are able to demonstrate longer-term outcomes. The KEEP training programme (Keeping foster and kinship carers trained and supported) was developed by Dr Patricia Chamberlain in the US state of Oregon and brought over to England in 2009 by the Department for Education (DfE) as part of the drive to improve outcomes for looked after children. KEEP is designed to strengthen foster and kinship carer parenting skills, reduce foster children’s behavioural and emotional difficulties and increase placement stability. Training programmes for carers of children aged from three to 17 are now running in 24 local authorities across the country. The implementation of the KEEP programme in England, supported by the National Implementation Service, includes outcome data on 572 children and young people and their carers that demonstrate significant improvements in child problem behaviour and carer stress, and positive changes in parenting discipline style consistent with findings from the original large randomised controlled trial. In addition, longer-term outcome data for six- and 12-month post-group follow-up for KEEP Standard (for carers of children aged 5–12 years) and KEEP Safe (for carers of adolescents) show that significant improvements in behavioural difficulties, foster carer stress and parenting discipline style are all maintained. Evidence for longer-term improvements in placement stability is currently limited by a lack of comparative data.
Does the Company of a Dog Influence Affective Response to Exercise? Using Ecological Momentary Assessment to Study Dog-Accompanied Physical Activity
Authors: Liao Yue , Solomon Olga , Dunton Genevieve F. 
Published: September 2016

Purpose: This study used ecological momentary assessment (EMA), a real-time self-report strategy, to examine (1) whether dog owners were more likely to be physically active when they were with their dogs and (2) whether being with a dog amplifies positive and dampens negative affective response during physical activity. Design: Electronic EMA surveys for 12 days. Setting: Free-living. Participants: Seventy-one adult dog owners. Measures: The EMA survey included 1 question about current activity, 3 questions about positive affect (Cronbach α = .837), 4 questions about negative affect (Cronbach α = .865), and 1 question about the presence of dog. Analysis: Multilevel modeling. Results: The company of a dog did not increase the likelihood of being active versus sedentary at any given EMA prompt. However, greater positive affect during physical activity was reported in the company of a dog. Negative affect did not differ between active and sedentary activity, regardless of being with a dog or not. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the utility of electronic EMA as a promising methodology to study dog-accompanied physical activity. Future studies may use EMA to collect further contextual information about dog-accompanied activity to inform the development of innovative physical activity interventions.
Dietary Behavior and Predicted 10-Year Risk for a First Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Event Using the Pooled Cohort Risk Equations Among US Adults
Authors: Edwards Meghan K. , Crush Elizabeth , Loprinzi Paul D. 
Published: September 2016

Purpose: The pooled cohort equations were developed in 2013 by the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force to predict an individual’s 10-year risk of an atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) event. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate how predicted 10-year ASCVD event risk varies as a function of daily dietary behavior. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003 to 2006. Participants: A total of 2362 adults aged 40 to 79 years. Measures: The ASCVD was assessed via the pooled cohort equations, with the Healthy Eating Index calculated from self-reported dietary behavior. Analysis: Multivariable linear and logistic regression. Results: Adults in the United States consuming a healthy diet (vs those not consuming a healthy diet) had an 88% increased odds of being at low risk for a future ASCVD event within the next 10 years (odds ratio [OR] = 1.88; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.35-2.68; P < .001). Similarly, those eating a healthy diet had a 44% reduced odds of being at high risk for a future ASCVD event within the next 10 years (OR = 0.56; 95% CI: 0.34-0.93; P = .02). Conclusion: Among adults who were free of cardiovascular disease, those with a healthy diet had reduced odds of being at high risk for a 10-year ASCVD event.
Hybrid Repair of Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysms Is a Durable Option for High-Risk Patients in the Endovascular Era
Authors: Väärämäki Suvi , Suominen Velipekka , Pimenoff Georg , Saarinen Jukka , Uurto Ilkka , Salenius Juha 
Published: September 2016

Objective: To report our long-term experience in using the hybrid technique in complex thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms (TAAAs). Methods: Between March 2005 and September 2013, 10 patients with TAAA underwent hybrid procedures with open renovisceral revascularization and thoracoabdominal aortic endografting. Patients were analyzed retrospectively. Results: Six men and 4 women with a mean age of 66 years (range 54-81 years) were treated electively during the study period. All 4 visceral vessels were revascularized in 8 patients, whereas 1 patient underwent 3-vessel revascularization and another 2-vessel revascularization. The primary technical success rate was 100%. Eight of the procedures were single staged, and the 2 most recent cases were performed in 2 stages. Perioperative and 30-day mortality was 0%. The mean follow-up was 55 months (4-133 months). None of the patients died due to aortic complications. Major complications included paraplegia (10%, n = 1) and bowel ischemia (n = 1). Postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure and mean arterial pressure measurements were systematically monitored and corrected. The CSF drainage solved another 4 cases of paraparesis. Three patients required postoperative dialysis, but none of them required permanently. Postoperative spinal cord ischemia and renal complications accumulated in extensive TAAA cases. One renal graft was occluded 45 days after the initial procedure but was successfully treated with thrombolysis. One type I and 1 type III endoleak were noted and successfully treated with an additional stent graft. Two cases of type II endoleak were detected—one with a growing aneurysm sac was treated successfully and another showed no growth and further procedures were abandoned after 2 embolization attempts. In long-term follow-up, 90% of the aneurysms showed shrinkage by a mean of 23 mm (range 7-45 mm). Conclusion: The results of hybrid repair on high-risk patients with complex TAAAs are encouraging, and this approach is a valuable alternative when branched and fenestrated endovascular techniques are not considered an option.
Are recent statin recommendations to employ fixed doses and abandon targets effective for treatment of hypercholesterolaemia? Investigation based on number needed to treat
Authors: Soran Handrean , Adam Safwaan , Durrington Paul N 
Published: September 2016

Background Assessed by number needed to treat (NNT) to prevent one event, it was previously shown that for those at similar atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, the benefit accruing from treating people with higher cholesterol levels with statins is greater than for those with lower levels. Method By estimating NNT from both the absolute atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk and the pre-treatment low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentration, recent recommendations for fixed dose high and moderate intensity statin treatment in the primary and secondary prevention of CVD were compared with cholesterol-lowering therapy aimed at a target LDL-C. Results We report that the USA and UK recommendations to employ a fixed dose of atorvastatin 20 mg daily for primary prevention will produce good results in people with low cholesterol levels, but are a disadvantage for those with higher levels who benefit more from a therapeutic target and statin dose titration and, where necessary, adjunctive cholesterol-lowering therapy to achieve this target. The higher dose of atorvastatin 80 mg daily with no target recommended for secondary prevention is generally more effective than aiming for a LDL-C goal except in people with particularly high cholesterol. Conclusion For optimum clinical effectiveness, initial LDL-C concentration must be considered in deciding whether a target will allow a greater decrease in LDL-C and thus a lower NNT than a fixed dose regimen. Individual variation in the LDL-C response to statins also makes post-treatment cholesterol measurement essential.
Two-photon polymerized “nichoid” substrates maintain function of pluripotent stem cells when expanded under feeder-free conditions
Authors: Nava Michele M. , Piuma Alessio , Figliuzzi Marina , Cattaneo Irene , Bonandrini Barbara , Zandrini Tommaso , Cerullo Giulio , Osellame Roberto , Remuzzi Andrea , Raimondi Manuela T. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Background
The use of pluripotent cells in stem cell therapy has major limitations, mainly related to the high costs and risks of exogenous conditioning and the use of feeder layers during cell expansion passages.

Methods
We developed an innovative three-dimensional culture substrate made of “nichoid” microstructures, nanoengineered via two-photon laser polymerization. The nichoids limit the dimension of the adhering embryoid bodies during expansion, by counteracting cell migration between adjacent units of the substrate by its microarchitecture. We expanded mouse embryonic stem cells on the nichoid for 2 weeks. We compared the expression of pluripotency and differentiation markers induced in cells with that induced by flat substrates and by a culture layer made of kidney-derived extracellular matrix.

Results
The nichoid was found to be the only substrate, among those tested, that maintained the expression of the OCT4 pluripotency marker switched on and, simultaneously, the expression of the differentiation markers GATA4 and α-SMA switched off. The nichoid promotes pluripotency maintenance of embryonic stem cells during expansion, in the absence of a feeder layer and exogenous conditioning factors, such as the leukocyte inhibitory factor.

Conclusions
We hypothesized that the nichoid microstructures induce a genetic reprogramming of cells by controlling their cytoskeletal tension. Further studies are necessary to understand the exact mechanism by which the physical constraint provided by the nichoid architecture is responsible for cell reprogramming. The nichoid may help elucidate mechanisms of pluripotency maintenance, while potentially cutting the costs and risks of both feed-conditioning and exogenous conditioning for industrial-scale expansion of stem cells.
The Basis for Organization of Universal Learning Activities Forming Process by Younger Schoolchildren
Authors: Виноградова  , Vinogradova Natalya 
Published: September 2016

The article discusses the actual problem - the successful achievement by younger schoolchildren of metasubject results that meet the requirements
of the Federal state educational standard of primary education. Operational characteristics of universal learning activities are given, the
knowledge of which could be of great help to the teacher in the selection of the content of various kinds of universal learning activities.
Socio-Cultural Adaptation of Migrant Children by Means of Russian Language
Authors: Проскурня  , Proskurnya I. 
Published: September 2016

The article considers the socio-cultural component of the process of adaptation of children who immigrated with his parents in Russia, taking into
account the psychological characteristics of the younger schoolchild. It is proposed to use a gaming activity, which involves the puppet characters,
as an effective means of acquaintance with the Russian language, which stands for many of these children as a foreign language.
Auditorium of the Bolshoi Theater Journey As a Form of Aesthetical Education of Younger Schoolchildren
Authors: Петрова  , Petrova A. 
Published: September 2016

The article discusses the educational potential of the excursions in the auditorium of the Bolshoi Theatre for introduction to younger students the
peculiarities of architecture, interior design of the theater building, initiation to understanding the creative life of the theater group. The aim of the
tour is the aesthetic education of children, development of their imagination and the ability to co-creation, conscious perception of theatrical art.
Task Decomposition and Newsvendor Decision Making
Authors: Lee Yun Shin , Siemsen Enno 
Published: September 2016

We conduct three behavioral laboratory experiments to compare newsvendor order decisions placed directly to order decisions submitted in a decomposed way by soliciting point forecasts, uncertainty estimates, and service-level decisions. Decomposing order decisions in such a way often follows from organizational structure and can lead to performance improvements compared with ordering directly. However, we also demonstrate that if the critical ratio is below 50%, or if the underlying demand uncertainty is too high, task decomposition may not be preferred to direct ordering. Under such conditions, decision makers are prone to set service levels too high or to suffer from excessive random judgment error, which reduces the efficacy of task decomposition. We further demonstrate that if accompanied by decision support in the form of suggested quantities, task decomposition becomes the better-performing approach to newsvendor decision making more generally. Decision support and task decomposition therefore appear as complementary methods to improve decision performance in the newsvendor context. This paper was accepted by Serguei Netessine, operations management.
Factors associated with limited exercise capacity and feasibility of high intensity interval training in people with mild to moderate Parkinson's disease
Authors: Haas Bernhard , Cinnamond Sally , Hunter Heather , Marsden Jonathan 
Published: September 2016

Background/Aims: Fitness and function can improve with exercise in people with Parkinson's disease. Animal models suggest that exercise may also have a neuroprotective effect, with higher intensity exercise being more beneficial than lower intensity exercise. However, in people with Parkinson's disease the factors limiting exercise capacity are not fully understood and it is unclear whether training at very high intensities would be safe, feasible and acceptable. Methods: Eighteen people with Parkinson's disease were recruited to explore respiratory and neuromuscular factors that may limit exercise capacity. In a purposive subgroup of 6 participants able to achieve >75% of their predicted maximum heart rate the feasibility of undertaking six high intensity interval training sessions over 3 weeks was tested. Their experience was further explored in a focus group. Results: Lower exercise capacity was associated with lower limb flexor muscle strength (r2=0.51) but not with disease severity or respiratory function. There were no adverse events or drop-outs in those taking part in the exercise regimen. Improvements were seen in fitness, health related quality of life, activity levels, walking speed, muscle strength and cycle endurance. Participants reported that they enjoyed high intensity, supervised exercise. High intensity interval training may be feasible and safe. Conclusions: We concluded that high intensity interval training has the potential to be a safe and acceptable mode of exercise in this patient group.
Evidence-informed clinical perspectives on selecting gait trainer features for children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Paleg Ginny , Livingstone Roslyn 
Published: September 2016

Background/Aims: Children with cerebral palsy often use gait trainers to augment their mobility. These are supportive walking devices that take the weight of the body through a solid or fabric ‘seat’, stabilise the trunk, and support the pelvis. The purpose of this analysis article is to review the evidence and clinical considerations influencing the selection of gait trainer features for children with cerebral palsy and to describe gait trainer models. Methods: A scoping methodology was used to identify any relevant research and clinical literature supporting the selection of different gait trainer features. An internet search was undertaken to identify a wide range of gait trainers currently available. Factors influencing the selection of different gait trainer features including frame and wheel style and support options are discussed, combining information from manufacturers’ websites, expert opinion and evidence from the literature review. Results: Twenty-seven articles were included in this study. These included nine intervention studies, three articles describing gait trainer development, three expert opinion articles, a survey of therapist opinion and a study comparing physical properties of three different gait trainers. In addition information on device features relevant to gait trainers was drawn from 10 intervention studies of children using hand-held walkers. Twenty-four different gait trainers were identified as being commercially available in the UK, Canada and USA at time of searching. Conclusions: Evidence supporting selection of gait trainer styles and features for children with cerebral palsy is very limited. Further research is needed in all aspects of gait trainer assessment, selection and implementation. Clinical consensus may be helpful in providing guidance in decision-making around prescription and use of gait trainers and features for children with cerebral palsy who have differing clinical profiles and needs.
Manuka honey in wound management: greater than the sum of its parts?
Authors: White R. 
Published: September 2016

Few involved in wound care will have escaped the considerable interest which has been generated by the resurgence in honey. Equally, there will be many clinicians around the globe who are wondering why all the fuss, as they will have been using honey all along. However, even with the advent of ‘medical-grade’ honey, combined with considerable research into the numerous potential modes of action, there remains a lingering scepticism regarding the value of honey as a justified, modern intervention in wound care. The purpose of this brief review is to summarise the ongoing chemical, biochemical and microbiological research and to correlate it with clinical outcomes. The purpose being to present the enquiring clinician with an evidence summary with which clinical choices may be made. While much of the early research was into generic honeys, one particular source, manuka, appears especially effective, and as such this has been the focus of recent studies.
Type and Intensity of Negative Life Events Are Associated With Depression in Adults With Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Hove Oddbjørn , Assmus Jörg , Havik Odd E. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
This study investigated the associations between types and intensity of life events and symptoms of depression among adults with intellectual disabilities. A community sample (N = 593) was screened for current depression and exposure to life events (i.e., loss, illness, change, and bullying) during the previous 12 months. Symptoms of depression were measured using the Psychopathology Checklists for Adults With Intellectual Disabilities. Exposure to three of the four types of life events studied (loss, illness, and bullying) and the intensity of the events were associated with depression, particularly in the cases of loss of relatives and bullying. Quality of care moderated the association between bullying and depression and may buffer the adverse consequences of bullying.