bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in treatment patterns for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer in the United States over the past decade: An analysis from the National Cancer Data Base
Authors: Sineshaw Helmneh M. , Jemal Ahmedin , Thomas Charles R. , Mitin Timur 
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUNDIn the United States, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACRT) is widely accepted as the standard of care in the treatment of patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. In the current study, the authors attempted to examine patterns of treatment in the United States over the past decade.METHODSUsing the National Cancer Data Base, a total of 66,197 patients who were diagnosed with American Joint Committee on Cancer stage II to III rectal adenocarcinoma and treated between 2004 and 2012 were identified. The authors described trends in the receipt of treatment for 3 time periods (2004‐2006, 2007‐2009, and 2010‐2012) and analyzed 5‐year overall survival probabilities for 28,550 patients treated between 2004 and 2007.RESULTSReceipt of NACRT increased significantly from 42.9% between 2004 and 2006 to 50.0% between 2007 and 2009, and to 55.0% between 2010 and 2012 (P < .0001). In contrast, the use of adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) decreased from 16.7% between 2004 and 2006 to 10.5% between 2007 and 2009, and to 6.7% between 2010 and 2012 (P < .0001). Similarly, the use of surgery alone decreased from 13.1% between 2004 and 2006 to 8.7% between 2010 and 2012 (P < .0001). Older age, the presence of comorbidities, larger primary tumor size, lymph node involvement, not being of non‐Hispanic white race/ethnicity, lack of private insurance, and treatment at a facility that did not have a high case volume were associated with a significantly lower possibility of receiving NACRT. The 5‐year overall survival rates for patients treated with NACRT, surgery and adjuvant CRT, surgery alone, and definitive CRT were 72.4%, 70.9%, 44.9%, and 48.8%, respectively.CONCLUSIONSThe use of NACRT before surgery in US patients with rectal cancer has substantially increased over the past decade. However, only approximately one‐half of patients currently receive this standard therapy, which could be explained in part by socioeconomic factors. Trimodality therapy is associated with the best outcomes for these patients. Cancer 2016;122:1996–2003. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Controlling the Electronic Structures of Perovskite Oxynitrides and their Solid Solutions for Photocatalysis
Authors: Umezawa Naoto , Janotti Anderson 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBand‐gap engineering of oxide materials is of great interest for optoelectronics, photovoltaics, and photocatalysis applications. In this study, electronic structures of perovskite oxynitrides, LaTiO2N and SrNbO2N, and solid solutions, (SrTiO3)1−x(LaTiO2N)x and (SrTiO3)1−x(SrNbO2N)x, are investigated using hybrid density functional calculations. Band gaps of LaTiO2N and SrNbO2N are much smaller than that of SrTiO3 owing to the formation of a N 2p band, which is higher in energy than the O 2p band. The valence‐ and conduction‐band offsets of SrTiO3/LaTiO2N and SrTiO3/SrNbO2N are computed, and the adequacy for H2 evolution is analyzed by comparing the positions of the band edges with respect to the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE). The band gap of (SrTiO3)1−x(LaTiO2N)x and (SrTiO3)1−x(SrNbO2N)x solid solutions are also discussed.
Increasing time interval and decreasing allergen dose interval improves ex vivo desensitization of human blood basophils
Authors: Witting Christensen Sara K. , Krohn Inge Kortekaas , Thuraiaiyah Jani , Skjold Tina , Schmid Johannes Martin , Hoffmann Hans Jürgen H. 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundDesensitization is a method for inducing temporary tolerance to allergen. The mechanism underlying desensitization is yet to be established.MethodsBasophil granulocytes in whole blood from grass pollen allergic subjects were desensitized ex vivo by sequential addition of increasing allergen concentrations. At each step basophil activation (CD193 + CD63+) was monitored with and without (background activation) allergen challenge at optimal concentration. The sequential desensitization protocol was compared to two single‐dose desensitization protocols with threshold and subthreshold allergen concentrations. Incubation intervals and allergen concentrations were varied in order to optimise the protocol.ResultsSequential desensitization effectively reduced basophil response. The single‐dose subthreshold protocol and single‐dose threshold protocol did not reduce basophil activation with optimal allergen challenge from a mean 57.1 (95% CI: 32.7 − 81.5) to 50.4% (95% CI: 16.3 − 84.4; n = 5; P = 0.43) and 45.0% (95% CI: 23.1 − 66.9; P = 0.14) respectively, while the sequential desensitization protocol reduced activation to a mean 37.2% (95% CI: 16.3 − 58.1; P = 0.018). Reducing incubation time from 10 to 5 minutes increased mean background activation from 22.4 (95% CI: 11.7 − 33.1) to 30.0% (95% CI: 19.7 − 40.3; n = 5; P = 0.026). Increasing time intervals from 10 to 20 minutes reduced background activation from 30.9 (95% CI: 22.8 − 39.0) to 21.9% (95% CI: 16.0 − 27.7; n = 5; P = 0.020). Increasing allergen concentration intervals from 2‐fold to 5‐ and 10‐fold did not have significant effect on basophil activation.ConclusionsSequential desensitization ex vivo effectively attenuates the basophil response to allergen. Increasing the time spent at each step improves desensitization. This protocol could be valuable for investigation the mechanism of desensitization. © 2016 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Bio‐Based Amides from Renewable Isosorbide by a Direct and Atom‐Economic Boric Acid Amidation Methodology
Authors: Janvier Marine , Moebs‐Sanchez Sylvie , Popowycz Florence 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe functionalization of bio‐sourced isohexides has proved challenging over the last number of years, especially in polymer and medicinal chemistry. We report herein the synthesis of bio‐based amido‐isohexides by the known boric acid catalysed amidation reaction. The coupling reaction was successfully performed with aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids. The extension of the scope of the reaction to eight Boc‐protected amino acids is also described, the products being obtained in moderate to good yields. A preliminary screening of these new potential organocatalysts was carried out for the aldolization of isatin.
Tandem Reaction of Arynes with Tertiary Amines and Aldehydes: Formation of 9‐ and 10‐Membered Dibenzo[1,5]oxaza Heterocycles
Authors: Okuma Kentaro , Kinoshita Hiroaki , Nagahora Noriyoshi , Shioji Kosei 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe aryne‐mediated three‐component reaction of arynes, tertiary amines, and aldehydes followed by intramolecular nucleophilic aromatic substitution afforded novel 9‐ and 10‐membered heterocycles. Thus, the reaction of 2‐(trimethylsilyl)phenyl triflate with N‐phenylmorpholine and benzaldehyde in the presence of CsF gave o‐morpholinobenzhydryl phenyl ether in 76 % yield. By using N‐methylindoline, nine‐membered dibenzo[1,5]oxazonines were synthesized in moderate yields.
Selective Detection of Dopamine in the Presence of Uric Acid Using NiO Nanoparticles Decorated on Graphene Nanosheets Modified Screen‐printed Electrodes
Authors: Jahani Shohreh , Beitollahi Hadi 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA convenient, low cost, and sensitive electrochemical method, based on a disposable graphene nanosheets (GR) and NiO nanoparticles modified carbon screen printed electrode (NiO/GR/SPE), is described for the simultaneous determination of dopamine (DA) and uric acid (UA). The modified electrode exhibited good electrocatalytic properties toward the oxidation of DA and UA. A peak potential difference of 150 mV between DA and UA was large enough to determine DA and UA individually and simultaneously. The anodic peak currents of DA were found to be linear in the concentration range of 1.0–500.0 μM with the detection limit of 3.14×10−7 M.
Probabilistic collapse resistance and residual drift assessment of buildings with fluidic self‐centering systems
Authors: Kitayama Shoma , Constantinou Michael C. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryThe seismic performance of three‐ and six‐story buildings with fluidic self‐centering system is probabilistically assessed. The fluidic self‐centering systems consist of devices that are based on the technology of fluid viscous dampers but built in a way that pressurization of the devices results in preload that is explored to reduce or eliminate residual drift. The design of these buildings followed a procedure that parallels the design for structures with damping systems in ASCE 7 but modified to include the preload effect. Reference conventional buildings were also designed per ASCE 7 for comparison. These buildings were then analyzed to examine and compare their seismic collapse resistance and residual drift, where the residual drift limits of 0.2, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0% of story height were selected as important thresholds. The study further calculated the mean annual frequency of collapse and corresponding exceedance probability over 50 years, and the mean annual frequency of exceeding the threshold residual story drift limits and the corresponding exceedance probability over 50 years. Variations in the design procedures by considering increased displacement capacity or damping or preload of the devices, different types of damping, increased ultimate strength of the self‐centering device–brace systems and increased frame strength were considered. It was found that increasing either the ultimate force capacity of the self‐centering device–brace system or the frame strength results in important improvements in the collapse resistance and in minimizing residual drift, whereas the variation of other design parameters has minor effects. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spectral shape metrics and structural collapse potential
Authors: Eads Laura , Miranda Eduardo , Lignos Dimitrios 
Published: April 2016

SummaryThis paper examines various parameters that provide a measure of spectral shape and studies how they relate to the potential of ground motion records to cause the collapse of a given structure. It is shown that when measuring the ground motion intensity by the spectral acceleration at the first‐mode period of the structure, Sa(T1), records causing collapse at low ground motion intensities typically have significantly different spectral shapes than those that do not cause collapse until much higher ground motion intensities. A spectral shape typical of damaging records is identified, and a metric for quantifying the spectral shape of a record called SaRatio is proposed and evaluated. SaRatio is defined as the ratio between Sa(T1) and the average spectral value over a period range. The ability of SaRatio to predict the collapse intensity, i.e. the minimum intensity at which a given ground motion causes the collapse of a given structure, is compared to other recently proposed spectral shape metrics including epsilon (ε), eta (η) and Np. The results demonstrate that SaRatio is typically a much better predictor of collapse intensity than other spectral shape metrics. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accessing the molecular interactions of phthalates and their primary metabolites with the human pregnane X receptor using in silico profiling
Authors: Sarath Josh M. K. , Pradeep S. , Balan Aparna K. , Sreejith M. N. , Benjamin Sailas 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPhthalates are known to cause endocrine disruption in humans and animals. Being lipophilic xenobiotic chemicals, phthalates from the surrounding environments can easily be absorbed into the biological system, thereby causing various health dysfunctions. This molecular docking study evaluates a variety of molecular interactions of 12 commonly used diphthalates and respective monophthalates onto the ligand binding domain (LBD) of the human pregnane X receptor (hPXR), a xenosensor, which would be beneficial for further in vitro and in vivo studies on hazardous phthalates. Out of 12 diphthalates and their monophthalates tested, diisodecyl phthalate (–9.16 kcal mol–1) showed more affinity toward hPXR whereas diisononyl phthalate (–8.77) and di(2‐ethyhexyl)phthalate (–8.56), the predominant plasticizers found in a variety of plastics and allied products, showed comparable binding scores with that of the control ligands such as hyperforine (–9.99) and dexamethasone (–7.36). In addition to the above diphthalates, some of their monophthalates (monoisodecyl phthalate, mono‐2‐etheylhexyl phthalate, etc.) also established similar interactions with certain crucial amino acids in the LBD, which led to higher G scores. In fact, bisphenol A, a well‐studied and proven endocrine disruptor, showed lesser G scores (–6.69) than certain phthalates. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MicroRNA profiles in a monkey testicular injury model induced by testicular hyperthermia
Authors: Sakurai Ken , Mikamoto Kei , Shirai Makoto , Iguchi Takuma , Ito Kazumi , Takasaki Wataru , Mori Kazuhiko 
Published: April 2016

AbstractTo characterize microRNAs (miRNAs) involved in testicular toxicity in cynomolgus monkeys, miRNA profiles were investigated using next‐generation sequencing (NGS), microarray and reverse transcription‐quantitative real‐time‐PCR (RT‐qPCR) methods. First, to identify organ‐specific miRNAs, we compared the expression levels of miRNAs in the testes to those in representative organs (liver, heart, kidney, lung, spleen and small intestine) obtained from naïve mature male and female monkeys (n = 2/sex) using NGS analysis. Consequently, miR‐34c‐5p, miR‐202‐5p, miR‐449a and miR‐508‐3p were identified to be testicular‐specific miRNAs in cynomolgus monkeys. Next, we investigated miRNA profiles after testicular–hyperthermia (TH) treatment to determine which miRNAs are involved in testicular injury. In this experiment, mature male monkeys were divided into groups with or without TH‐treatment (n = 3/group) by immersion of the testes in a water bath at 43 °C for 30 min for 5 consecutive days. As a result, TH treatment induced testicular injury in all animals, which was characterized by decreased numbers of spermatocytes and spermatids. In a microarray analysis of the testis, 11 up‐regulated (>2.0 fold) and 13 down‐regulated (<0.5 fold) miRNAs were detected compared with those in the control animals. Interestingly, down‐regulated miRNAs included two testicular‐specific miRNAs, miR‐34c‐5p and miR‐449a, indicating their potential use as biomarkers for testicular toxicity. Furthermore, RT‐qPCR analysis revealed decreased expression levels of testicular miR‐34b‐5p and miR‐34c‐5p, which are enriched in meiotic cells, reflecting the decrease in pachytene spermatocytes and spermatids after TH treatment. These results provide valuable insights into the mechanism of testicular toxicity and potential translational biomarkers for testicular toxicity. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Applied Toxicology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
A novel approach to extracting extrinsic resistances for equivalent circuit model of nanoscale MOSFET
Authors: Yu Panpan , Zhou Ying , Sun Ling , Gao Jianjun 
Published: April 2016

SummaryA novel extrinsic resistance extraction method of MOSFET at Vgs = Vds = 0 V from S‐parameter measurements is presented in this paper. Simulated and measured results of 90‐nm gatelength MOSFET device with a 8 × 0.6 × 12 µm gatewidth (number of gate finger × unit gate width × cells) are compared, and good agreement has been obtained up to 50 GHz. Furthermore, comparisons between the proposed approach and other three methods published are also made in this paper. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Management of persistent pain in older people
Authors: Hall Tony 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPersistent pain is a commonly experienced symptom. It affects 25% of community‐dwelling older adults and up to 80% of nursing home residents, and can have a major impact on quality of life and functional capacity. Unfortunately pain in older patients is often undertreated and misunderstood. Assessment of pain type and severity is important. Most older people, even with moderately impaired cognition, are able to self‐report pain. Validated assessment tools using non‐verbal pain cues are available for people with more advanced cognitive impairment. Management of pain in older people can be challenging. Physiological changes may impact on pain perception and the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of medications. Older people are often more sensitive to the adverse effects of analgesic medications and are at risk of drug–drug interactions due to the presence of co‐morbidities and polypharmacy. In general, analgesic medications should be commenced at low doses, titrated based on effect and tolerability, and regularly reviewed. Contemporary pain management often utilises multiple analgesics in lower doses to optimise efficacy and avoid dose‐related toxicity. A bio‐psycho‐social approach to the management of persistent pain, utilising a multidisciplinary team and including non‐drug strategies, may produce the best results. The goal of pain management is not always to eliminate pain, since this may not be attainable, but rather to enhance function and improve quality of life. This article discusses persistent non‐cancer pain in older people, its assessment and management, and the risks and benefits of pharmacological treatment in this population.
Femtosecond Lasers over 100 Watts
Authors: Hönninger Clemens , Akhil Joshika 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe concept of the world's first industrial femtosecond laser with high average power (> 100 W), delivering 400 fs pulses that is presented here is flexible in pulse repetition rate and offers high pulse energy up to 300 μJ. The laser is designed for easy synchronization to polygon scanners and with optional burst mode. This laser enables higher throughput and productivity, coupled with superior quality processing. The availability of high power femtosecond lasers paves the way for further penetration of ultrafast laser sources into emerging industrial high quality laser processing.
Polymer Self‐Etching for Superhydrophobicity through a Green Hot‐Pressing‐Exfoliation Process: Low and High Adhesion
Authors: Xiong Zhong , Zheng Chenglin , Xia Yanzhi 
Published: April 2016

A green polymer self‐etching strategy for fabricating superhydrophobic surfaces exhibiting low and high adhesion is proposed by using hot‐pressing and exfoliation on a pair of low density polyethylene (LDPE) films. It is demonstrated that the hot‐pressing temperature has significant influence on the surface morphology of LDPE. Effective hot‐pressing temperature for low‐adhesive superhydrophobicity ranges from 109 to 161 °C. Bird's‐nest like micro‐/nanostructures are observed in the unzipped LDPE surfaces compressed at 109 °C, which shows excellent water repellency. LDPE surface compressed at 108 °C demonstrates superhydrophobicity with high adhesion, i.e., a water droplet cannot roll off even when the surface is turned upside down. Furthermore, superhydrophobic vessels are processed and applied to transport water and microdroplets of water losslessly.
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Optimal control of a class of pseudo Euler‐Lagrange systems
Authors: Rodrigues L. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryThis paper presents a solution of the optimal control problem for a class of pseudo Euler‐Lagrange systems and proposes a systematic approach to find a Lyapunov function for stability analysis and controller synthesis for such systems. There are three main contributions of the paper. First, a systematic procedure is proposed and proved to construct a Lyapunov function for pseudo Euler‐Lagrange system directly from the mathematical structure of the differential equations, without the need to determine any kinetic or potential energy of the system first. Second, control methodologies for pseudo Euler‐Lagrange systems are also developed. In particular, an optimal controller is found for the case of second order dynamics yielding the same structure for the closed‐loop Lyapunov function as the one derived from the systematic procedure outlined as the first contribution. Finally, the optimal control methodology is extended to systems with order higher than two for a class of triangular systems. The method proposed here works for any mathematical model in the class of pseudo Euler‐Lagrange systems and is therefore not restricted to models of physical systems. Several examples illustrate the application of the novel approach, including mass‐spring‐damper systems and Van der Pol oscillators. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prospective temporal validation of mathematical models to calculate risk of endometrial malignancy in patients with postmenopausal bleeding
Authors: Sladkevicius P. , Opolskiene G. , Valentin L. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractObjectivesTo validate prospectively five mathematical models published in 2007 for calculating the risk of endometrial malignancy in a defined high‐risk group of patients with postmenopausal bleeding and sonographic endometrial thickness ≥ 4.5 mm.MethodsOf 1012 consecutive patients, 379 fulfilled our inclusion criteria, which were the same as those of the original study in which the models were created (endometrial thickness ≥ 4.5 mm, no fluid in the uterine cavity, detectable Doppler signals in the endometrium). A standardized history was taken, and clinical and transvaginal grayscale and power Doppler ultrasound examinations were performed following the study protocol. All data were collected prospectively and the five models were applied prospectively to the study patients' data to assess their risk of endometrial malignancy. Using the histological diagnosis of the endometrium as gold standard, we calculated the area under the receiver–operating characteristics curve (AUC), and sensitivity, specificity and likelihood ratios when using the same cut‐offs as in the original study, for each of the five models.ResultsNinety‐three (25%) patients had malignant endometrium. The performance of the models was similar to that in the original study, with AUCs ranging from 0.86 to 0.90. The model with the best diagnostic performance included endometrial thickness, heterogeneous endometrial echogenicity and areas of densely packed vessels on power Doppler (AUC, 0.90; sensitivity, 81%; specificity, 84% at preselected cut‐off). The models were well calibrated.ConclusionsOn temporal validation, the five models for calculating the risk of endometrial malignancy in a defined high‐risk group of patients retained their good diagnostic performance and were well calibrated. The models make it possible to reclassify high‐risk patients as having a low or relatively low risk, moderately high risk or very high risk of endometrial cancer, and so can be used for individualized patient management. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.