bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The secondary classification of unequilibrated chondrites
Authors: Jacquet Emmanuel , Doisneau Béatrice 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe multiplication of decimal petrologic schemes for different or the same chondrite groups evinces a lack of unified guiding principle in the secondary classification of type 1–3 chondrites. We show that the current OC, R and CO classifications can be a posteriori unified, with only minor reclassifications, if the decimal part of the subtype is defined as the ratio m = FaI/FaII of the mean fayalite contents of type I and type II chondrules, rounded to the nearest tenth (with adaptations from Cr systematics for the lowest subtypes following the past literature). This parameter is more efficiently evaluable than the oft‐used relative standard deviation of fayalite contents and defines a general metamorphic scale from M0.0 to M1, where the suffixed number is the rounded m. Type 3 chondrites thus span the range M0.0–M0.9 (i.e. subtypes 3.0–3.9) and M1 designates type 4. Corresponding applications are then proposed for other chondrite groups (with, e.g., CV secondary classification reduced to essentially three grades from M0.0 to M0.2, that is, subtypes 3.0–3.2). Known type 1 and 2 chondrites are at M0.0 (i.e. the metamorphic grade of type 3.0 chondrites), even so‐called “CY” chondrites, since our metamorphic scale is insensitive to brief heating. Independently, we define an aqueous alteration scale from A0.0 to A1.0, where the suffixed number is the (rounded) phyllosilicate fraction (PSF). For CM and CR chondrites, the alteration degrees can be characterized in terms of the thin‐section‐based criteria of previous schemes which are thus incorporated in the present framework, if in a coarser, but hereby more robust form. We propose their corresponding petrologic subtype to be 3‐PSF, rounded to the nearest tenth (so that type 1 would correspond to subtypes 2.0 and 2.1). Since nonzero alteration and metamorphic degrees remain mutually exclusive at the level of precision chosen, a single petrologic subtype ≈3+m‐PSF indeed remains a good descriptor of secondary processes for all unequilibrated chondrites, obviating the explicit mention of our separate scales unless finer subdivisions are adopted for the most primitive chondrites.
The role of artificial intelligence in optimizing management of atrial fibrillation in acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Goh Bill , Bhaskar Sonu M. M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAtrial fibrillation (AF) is a severe condition associated with high morbidity and mortality, including an increased risk of stroke and poor outcomes poststroke. Our understanding of the prognosis in AF remains poor. Machine learning (ML) has been applied to the diagnosis, management, and prognosis of AF in the context of stroke but remains suboptimal for clinical use. This article endeavors to provide a comprehensive overview of current ML applications to AF patients at risk of stroke, as well as poststroke patients without AF. Strategies to develop effective ML involve the validation of a variety of ML algorithms across internal and external datasets as well as exploring their predictive powers in hypothetical and realistic settings. Recent literature of this rapidly evolving field has displayed much promise. However, further testing and innovation of medical artificial intelligence are required before its imminent introduction to ensure complete patient trust within the community. Prioritizing this research is imperative for advancing the optimization of ongoing care for AF patients, as well as the management of stroke patients with AF.
Who Gets Vaccinated? Cognitive and Non‐Cognitive Predictors of Individual Behaviour in Pandemics
Authors: Andor Mark A. , Bauer Thomas K. , Eßer Jana , Schmidt Christoph M. , Tomberg Lukas 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study investigates different cognitive and non‐cognitive characteristics associated with individuals' willingness to get vaccinated against Covid‐19 and their actual vaccination status. Our empirical analysis is based on data obtained from three survey waves conducted in 2021 among about 2,000 individuals living in the German state of North Rhine‐Westphalia. We find that individuals with a high level of trait reactance – a personality characteristic that entails the personal tendency to perceive persuasion attempts as restricting one's freedom – display a significantly lower willingness to get vaccinated. They also tend to get inoculated later or never. Moreover, neuroticism, locus of control, and statistical numeracy appear to be associated with the willingness to get vaccinated, but these results are less pronounced and less robust. Our results indicate that vaccination campaigns and policies could be improved by specifically addressing those with a high level of trait reactance.
Growth, Morphology and Respiratory Cost Responses to Salinity in the Mangrove Plant Rhizophora Stylosa Depend on Growth Temperature
Authors: Inoue Tomomi , Fujimura Tomoko , Noguchi Ko 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTMangrove plants, which have evolved to inhabit tidal flats, may adjust their physiological and morphological traits to optimize their growth in saline habitats. Furthermore, the confined distribution of mangroves within warm regions suggests that warm temperature is advantageous to their growth in saline environments. We analyzed growth, morphology and respiratory responses to moderate salinity and temperature in a mangrove species, Rhizophora stylosa. The growth of R. stylosa was accelerated in moderate salinity compared with its growth in fresh water. Under warm conditions, the increased growth is accompanied by increased specific leaf area (SLA) and specific root length. Low temperature resulted in a low relative growth rate due to a low leaf area ratio and small SLA, regardless of salinity. Salinity lowered the ratio of the amounts of alternative oxidase to cytochrome c oxidase in the mitochondrial respiratory chain in leaves. Salinity enhanced the leaf respiration rate for maintenance, but under warm conditions this enhancement was compensated by a low leaf respiration rate for growth. In contrast, salinity enhanced overall leaf respiration rates at low temperature. Our results indicate that under moderate saline conditions R. stylosa leaves require warm temperatures to grow with a high rate of resource acquisition without enhancing respiratory cost.
Effect of Global Climate Change Concern on Environmental Sensitivity of Nursing Students
Authors: Ayar Dijle , Gözüaçık Burak , Şen Bahar 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study was conducted to evaluate the effect of global climate change concern on environmental sensitivity in nursing students.DesignThis study was descriptive, cross‐sectional, and correlational.SampleThe study was conducted with undergraduate nursing students (n = 350).MethodDescriptive Information Form, Climate Change Worry Scale, and Environmental Sensitivity Scale were used as data collection tools in the study. The relationship between global climate change concern and environmental sensitivity of nursing students was evaluated by Pearson correlation analysis, and the effect of climate change concern on environmental sensitivity of nursing students was evaluated by simple regression analysis.ResultsIt was determined that there was a positive and moderately significant relationship between the mean total scores of the Climate Change Concern Scale and the mean total scores of the Environmental Sensitivity Scale (r = 0.388, p < 0.001).ConclusionsAs a result of this study, it was found that as nursing students' concern about global climate change increased, their sensitivity toward the environment also increased.
Angry allies and fearful protesters: Communicating the right emotion during non‐normative non‐violent protests increases support for concessions among resistant high‐status group members
Authors: Çakmak Hakan , Kara Ezgi , Sakarya İrem 
Published: October 2024

AbstractShuman et al. (2021) previously illustrated the effectiveness of non‐normative non‐violent protest tactics in gaining resistant high‐status group members' support for concessions. However, their focus on low‐status groups' tactics overlooks the real‐world complexities of protests, including emotional appeals and the presence of high‐status allies. Our research addressed this gap by examining emotion strategies in LGBTQ+ protests in the United States. Drawing on the concept of power‐congruent emotions (Kamans et al., 2014), two preregistered studies examined the impacts of anger and fear communication by heterosexual allies and LGBTQ+ protesters on resistant heterosexual audiences' support for concessions during non‐normative non‐violent protests. Study 1 (N = 1039) focused on how emotion communication by low‐status LGBTQ+ protesters influences support for concessions, while Study 2 (N = 1047) investigated the impacts of emotion communication by high‐status heterosexual allies. Our findings suggested that communicating actions out of fear by LGBTQ+ protesters increased support for concessions more than anger communication and the absence of emotion communication. Conversely, communicating actions out of anger by heterosexual allies increased support for concessions more than fear communication and the absence of emotion communication. These effects were evident among high‐status audiences resistant to change, but not among the progressive ones. Implications were discussed.
Regulation of exogenous sugars on the biosynthesis of key secondary metabolites in Cyclocarya paliurus
Authors: Zhang Mengjia , Deng Yimin , Xie Guorui , Deng Bo , Zhao Tingting , Yan Yafei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe biosynthesis and accumulation of secondary metabolites play a vital role in determining the quality of medicinal plants, with carbohydrate metabolism often influencing secondary metabolism. To understand the potential regulatory mechanism, exogenous sugars (sucrose, glucose/fructose) were applied to the leaves of Cyclocarya paliurus, a highly valued and multiple function tree species. The results showed that exogenous sugars enhanced the accumulation of soluble sugar and starch while increasing the enzyme activity related to carbohydrate metabolism. In addition, the plant height was increased by a mixture of exogenous mixed sugars, the addition of sucrose promoted the net photosynthetic rate, while all types of exogenous sugars facilitated the accumulation of flavonoids and terpenoids. Based on weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA), two key gene modules and four candidate transcription factors (TFs) related to carbohydrate metabolism and secondary metabolite biosynthesis were identified. A correlation analysis between transcriptome and metabolome data showed that exogenous sugar up‐regulated the expression of key structural genes in the flavonoid and terpenoid biosynthetic pathway. The expression levels of the four candidate TFs, TIFY 10A, WRKY 7, EIL 3 and RF2a, were induced by exogenous sugar and were strongly correlated with the key structural genes, which enhanced the synthesis of specific secondary metabolites and some plant hormone signal pathways. Our results provide a comprehensive understanding of key factors in the quality formation of medicinal plants and a potential approach to improve the quality.
Identification and characterization of a key LcTPS in the biosynthesis of volatile monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes in Litchi fruit
Authors: Fu Liyu , Chen Qiuzi , Li Yawen , Li Yanlan , Pang Xuequn , Zhang Zhaoqi , Fang Fang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLitchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) has a desirable sweet taste and exotic aroma, making it popular in the markets. However, the biosynthesis of aroma volatiles in litchi fruit has rarely been investigated. In this study, the content and composition of volatile compounds were determined during litchi fruit ripening. In the mature green and mature red stages of litchi, 49 and 45 volatile compounds were detected, respectively. Monoterpenes were found to be the most abundant volatile compounds in mature red fruit, and their contents significantly increased compared to green fruit, mainly including citronellol, geraniol, myrcene, and D‐limonene, which contributed to the aroma in litchi fruit. By comparing the expression profiles of the genes involved in the terpene synthesis pathway during fruit development, a terpene synthesis gene (LcTPS1‐2) was identified and characterized as a major player in the synthesis of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. A subcellular localization analysis found LcTPS1‐2 to be present in the plastid and cytoplasm. The recombinant LcTPS1‐2 enzyme was able to catalyze the formation of three monoterpenes, myrcene, geraniol and citral, from geranyl pyrophosphate (GPP) and to convert farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) to a sesquiterpene, caryophyllene in vitro. Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants overexpressing LcTPS1‐2 exclusively released one monoterpene D‐limonene, and three sesquiterpenes cis‐thujopsene, (E)‐β‐famesene and trans‐β‐ionone. These results indicate that LcTPS1‐2 plays an important role in the production of major volatile terpenes in litchi fruit and provides a basis for future investigations of terpenoid biosynthesis in litchi and other horticultural crops.
From Islamic Charity to Muslim Philanthropy: Definitions Across Disciplines
Authors: Hughes Micah A. , Siddiqui Shariq A. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe study of Muslim philanthropy is often described as an emerging, multidisciplinary space of inquiry that takes contemporary Muslim practices of generosity such as giving and volunteering alongside behavioral motivations as objects of analysis. This emerging field follows over a century of knowledge production about Islamic charitable practices and institutions stemming from early orientalist studies of legal texts on endowments to more contemporary sociological and anthropological analyses of ritual exchange and giving across various Muslim‐majority and minority societies and communities. As the study of Muslim philanthropy grows, these two literatures are often brought together in generative, if uneven ways. In this paper, we review key themes and questions in the study of Islamic charity and ask what impact it has had on the study of Muslim philanthropy. This article surveys recent literature on charitable endowments/trusts (waqf), obligatory alms giving (zakat), and “extemporaneous charity” (sadaqa). We end with an analysis of dominant definitions of philanthropy currently used in philanthropic studies to argue that non‐denominational categories like “religious charity” exclude many religious practices that Muslims consider central to their charitable actions and their motivations, a point crucially missing in much philanthropy literature.
Integrating ecosocial policies through polycentric governance: A study of the green transformation of Danish vocational education and training
Authors: Carstensen Martin B. , Ibsen Christian Lyhne , Jensen Ida Marie Nyland 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHow can polycentric governance promote the development of ecosocial policies within existing policy systems? Through a study of green reforms of Danish vocational education, the paper argues that polycentric governance institutions are particularly useful at engaging constituent actors in innovation and constructive collaboration over reforming education programs to integrate ecological goals into vocational education. Combining significant autonomy for governance units and their nesting in a larger governance structure, polycentric governance helps address three key governance challenges: developing agreement among actors with clashing material interests about what green transformation entails; identifying how joint gains can be reached within a common vision of the development of the economy; and setting up an institutional structure that supports continuous adjustment to respond to technological advances and shifting social demands. Polycentric governance is, however, not a panacea. The state thus plays an important role in supporting autonomous governance units to develop ecosocial policies.
Existence of solutions to k‐Wave models of nonlinear ultrasound propagation in biological tissue
Authors: Cox Ben , Kaltenbacher Barbara , Nikolić Vanja , Lucka Felix 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe investigate models for nonlinear ultrasound propagation in soft biological tissue based on the one that serves as the core for the software package k‐Wave. The systems are solved for the acoustic particle velocity, mass density, and acoustic pressure and involve a fractional absorption operator. We first consider a system that incorporates additional viscosity in the equation for momentum conservation. By constructing a Galerkin approximation procedure, we prove the local existence of its solutions. In view of inverse problems arising from imaging tasks, the theory allows for the variable background mass density, speed of sound, and the nonlinearity parameter in the systems. Second, under stronger conditions on the data, we take the vanishing viscosity limit of the problem, thereby rigorously establishing the existence of solutions for the limiting system as well.
Access to dental care among individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities in India: A scoping review
Authors: Philip Philcy , Gangaraju Beulah Amulyavathi , Lim Mathew Albert Wei Ting , Armstrong Gregory , Grills Nathan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionIndividuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs) face numerous challenges in accessing dental care. Despite difficulties, more evidence exploring difficulties among this cohort in India is needed. This study aims to conduct a scoping review of articles published in India exploring access to dental care among individuals with IDD.MethodWe followed the Arksey O'Malley framework for scoping reviews and the PRISMA guidelines for reporting studies. Findings were analyzed based on Levesque's framework for access.ResultsSeventeen articles were collated from five databases. The perceived need for dental care was low, and dental visits were mainly need‐based and infrequent. Knowledge regarding dental care did not translate to dental visits. Patient‐related barriers were cost, transportation difficulties, fear, lack of dentist skills, patient behavior, and cooperation. From the providers' perspective, most dentists were willing to treat but noted infrastructural and knowledge‐based limitations.ConclusionAccess to dental care was limited due to infrastructure constraints and a lack of dentist training. Caregivers and individuals with IDD did not prioritize dental health, faced communication barriers, and were afraid of dental procedures. It is important to improve preventive dental care and raise awareness among caregivers of individuals with IDD in India. Training dentists and incorporating special care dentistry into the standard dental curriculum will improve access.
Blood transfusion in the Caribbean: Historical perspective in the context of Trinidad and Tobago
Authors: Charles Kenneth Stering , Wilson Keith M.O. , Roberts David 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTo compare the historical development of blood transfusion in Britain and a former British West Indian colony. International transfusion bodies recommend national coordination and exclusively voluntary non‐remunerated donation as essential pre‐requisites for blood safety. These ideals have been achieved in high‐income countries including Great Britain, the United States of America and Canada. However, most West Indian countries have fragmented, hospital‐based blood services that rely on family replacement and remunerated donors. Comparative historical analysis of blood transfusion service development in Great Britain and Trinidad and Tobago was undertaken to provide insight into their dichotomous development and inform policy decisions to bridge the gap between the two types of transfusion service. The British National Blood Transfusion service was based on voluntary non‐remunerated blood donation from its inception but achieved national coordination over 50 years that included a period of regional control during which incoordination contributed to a tainted blood scandal. Failure to establish community voluntary non‐remunerated donation in Trinidad and Tobago during the colonial period, before independence in 1962, allowed regionally‐controlled family replacement and remunerated blood donation to become entrenched then perpetuated by path dependence. A university‐led programme has recently used historically‐proven methods, drawing on the experiences of the British National Blood Transfusion Service, to establish a model for developing a voluntary non‐remunerated programme. The programme aims to avoid historical pitfalls during its national extension. Historical analysis provided information for introducing voluntary non‐remunerated blood donation and planning a nationally‐coordinated blood transfusion service.
Efficacy of an oral chew containing fibre and Bacillus velezensis C‐3102 in the management of anal sac impaction in dogs
Authors: Salichs Marta , Beasley Shea , Homedes Josep 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundAnal sac impaction is common in dogs. Manual expression may be effective, yet recurrence can be problematic. To facilitate physiological emptying of the sacs, it is important to maintain bulky stool consistency.ObjectivesThe study evaluated if supplementation with a complementary feed product formulated as a chew containing Bacillus velezensis C‐3102 and fibre sources, reduced anal sac impaction recurrence.AnimalsThirty‐five client‐owned dogs with anal sac impaction were enrolled.Materials and MethodsProspective, randomised, negative controlled field clinical trial with 22 dogs receiving the chew orally for 90 consecutive days and 13 dogs with no treatment. Dogs were evaluated on Day (D) 30, 60, 90 and 120 for the presence of clinical signs of anal sac impaction and the need to empty the sacs. Any animal that required manual expression of the sacs was classified as a failure and was withdrawn from the study.ResultsThe cumulative percentage of failures in the untreated group increased steadily from the first follow‐up visit on D30 (15%) to the last visit on D120 (61.5%). However, in the group receiving the chew the cumulative percentage of failures increased at a much slower rate and stabilised at 19% from the D90 visit (last administration day) until the end of the study on D120, with statistically significant differences (p = 0.025). Animals receiving the chew also showed reduction in clinical signs.Conclusion and Clinical RelevanceThe probiotic and fibre chew was a safe and effective management option for recurrent anal sac impaction in dogs.