bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Strontium Titanate Microtubule and Their Photocatalytic Activity for Degradation of Furfural in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Zhang Dong , Wang Biao , Zhang Lu Y. , Wang Min 
Published: December 2016

AbstractStrontium titanate microtubules have successfully been prepared using natural fibers of cotton as bio-templates, the cotton fibers are infiltrated with strontium titanate sol and subsequently sintered in air at high temperatures to produce the final strontium titanate microtubules. The samples were characterized by XRD, SEM and FTIR, respectively. The photocatalytic degradation of furfural in an aqueous solution was investigated. The results show that the synthesized strontium titanates are in the shape of broken microtubules. The photocatalytic capacity of synthetic strontium titanate microtubules under the condition of calcination temperature at 1000 °C is the highest. In the medium of pH 5-7, the catalyst loading is 2 g/L, for the initial concentrations of furfural no more than 6 mg/L, in 120min, furfural macromolecules are destroyed completely. The degradation process followed the Langmuir- Hinshelwood first-order reaction kinetic model.
IAEA Initiatives in Advancement of Radiation Technologies for Environmental Remediation
Authors: Sabharwal Sunil , Safrany Agnes , Junior Joao Alberto Osso , Venkatesh Meera 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA variety of emerging chemicals of concern are discharged into the environment leading to contamination of water resources. These chemicals even at trace levels have the potential to adversely affect the aquatic, animals and human life. Effective and efficient technologies for treatment of such pollutants are therefore needed. Advanced oxidation processes (AOP), involving the in situ generation of oxidants such as the hydroxyl radical (•OH), have emerged as an important class of technologies for accelerating destruction of such organic contaminants. These include the use of photons and energetic sub-atomic particles like electrons (high energy radiation) to generate reactive intermediates •OH radicals IAEA has been at the forefront of recognizing the need to develop appropriate technologies to meet the challenges of evolving environmental issues. This paper gives an insight into the current status of the radiation technology with emphasis on IAEA activities, including examples of successes achieved as well as challenges for broader dissemination of radiation processing technology for environmental remediation.
Enhanced Simulated Sun Light Photocatalytic Activity of α-Fe2O3 Modified g-C3N4 prepared In-situ
Authors: Liu Xinlu , Zhong Junbo , Li Jianzhang , Hu Wei , Wang Qizhao , Wang Guangbin , Song Jiabo , Liu Ke , Huang Ke , Wu Songlin , Yang Ruhao , Li Minjiao 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn this paper, α-Fe
A Biodegradation Bench Study of Cork Wastewater using Gamma Radiation
Authors: Lima Célia , Madureira Joana , Carolino Maria M. , Noronha João P. , Margaça Fernanda M. A. , Cabo Verde Sandra 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWastewater from cork processing industry present high levels of organic compounds such as phenolics that must be degraded before discharge into the municipal sewer or into public water courses. The aim of this work was to find out if gamma radiation treatment could increase the biodegradability of recalcitrant compounds using a microbial consortium and a mixed solution of four phenolic acids as a model. Chemical and microbiological analyses were performed in non-irradiated (0 kGy) and irradiated (100 kGy) mixed phenolic acids cultures during incubation time. A preliminary HPLC and GC-MS analysis were performed to detect the major phenolic compounds in cork wastewater samples. Results indicated the presence of gallic, protocatechuic, vanillic and syringic acids in cork boiling water and gallic, protocatechuic and vanillic acids in sediment tank samples. The Total Phenolic content (TP) of mixed phenolic acids cultures during incubation time indicated a decrease of 38% for 100 kGy samples. The HPLC analysis suggested that the radiolytic products of syringic and vanillic acids are protocatechuic and gallic acids. The CFU counts pointed out to a decreasing tendency along the incubation time for phenolic acids cultures (0 kGy and 100 kGy) suggesting a non-degradation trend. The selected microbial consortium was not able to metabolize the phenolic compounds solutions at the used conditions. This could be due to the detected radiolytic degradation dynamics of the phenolic acids considering the antimicrobial activity of these compounds.
Solar Photocatalytic Decolorization and Degradation of Methyl Orange Using Supported TiO2
Authors: Trabelsi Hassen , Atheba Grah Patrick , Hentati Olfa , Mariette Yehe Dezirée , Robert Didier , Drogui Patrick 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe photocatalytic degradation of Methyl orange has been investigated on dynamic solar pilot plant using nonwoven fibers coated with TiO
Optimization of Removal of 2-methylisoborneol from Drinking Water using UV/H2O2
Authors: Tan Fengxun , Chen Haihan , Wu Daoji , Lu Nan , Gao Zhimin 
Published: December 2016

Abstract2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) is a common odor-causing compound in drinking water with a low odor threshold (10 ng/L). Since conventional treatment processes cannot effectively remove it, this study investigated an advanced oxidation technology: UV/H
Comparative Investigation of Simulated Solar-driven Photocatalytic Performance of g-C3N4 Prepared by Different Precursors
Authors: Si Yujun , Zhong Junbo , Li Jianzhang , Liu Xinlu , Liu Xinlu , Hu Wei , Song Jiabo , Zhang Fengjia , Liu Ke , Huang Ke , Wu Songlin , Yang Ruhao , Zeng Tingting , Li Minjiao 
Published: December 2016

Abstractg-C
The Well Stirred Liquid Phase Photochemical Reactor: Laboratory Tool or Master of Disguises?
Authors: Ollis David 
Published: December 2016

AbstractSince the early 1980s, liquid phase kinetic studies of homogeneous and heterogeneous photochemistry (especially including photocatalysis), have routinely utilized well stirred laboratory scale photoreactors. Convenient as these reactors are, their operation may be limited by reactant concentration, or by a transport limitation for light flux or dissolved oxygen. Similarly, the mechanistic interpretation of most phootocatalyzed liquid phase data has assumed the validity of Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetics, whereas recent papers have demonstrated decisively that a pseudo steady state prevails, rather than equilibrium adsorption circumstance. We briefly review these circumstances which have led to kinetic disguises, and offer simple recommendations for future homogeneous and heterogeneous photochemical liquid phase studies which will allow determination of true rate constants and avoid the transport phenomena and mechanistic disguises evident in prior work.
Mono- and Dual-modified Titania with a Ruthenium(II) Complex and Silver Nanoparticles for Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Compounds
Authors: Zheng Shuaizhi , Wang Kunlei , Wei Zhishun , Yoshiiri Kenta , Braumüller Markus , Rau Sven , Ohtani Bunsho , Kowalska Ewa 
Published: December 2016

AbstractRuthenium(II) complex with the phosphonate anchoring groups of [Ru(tbbpy)
A Methodology to Discriminate Between Hydroxyl Radical-induced Processes and Direct Charge-transfer Reactions in Heterogeneous Photocatalysis
Authors: Bertinetti Stefano , Minella Marco , Barsotti Francesco , Maurino Valter , Minero Claudio , Özensoy Emrah , Vione Davide 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA method to assess the ability of a photocatalyst to induce reactions with free or trapped hydroxyl radicals versus direct charge-transfer processes is here proposed, based on the use of phenol and 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) as test substrates. The rationale is that phenol degradation would be preferentially (although not exclusively) induced by hydroxyl radicals, while salicylic acid would mainly undergo direct charge-transfer oxidation. The use of t-butanol as selective ·OH scavenger is helpful to understand how much each substrate is a selective indicator of the intended reaction pathway in the presence of a given semiconductor oxide. Phenol and salicylic acid should be used at low concentration (e.g. 25 μmol L
Issues and Perspectives in Bilingual
Phraseography
Authors: de Oliveira Silva Maria Eugênia Olímpio 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
In this article, we consider the problems normally associated with bilingual phraseography and
the paradigm that should be used to guide its development. We first present the fundamental aspects
that should be taken into account in the characterization of bilingual phraseography. Secondly, we give a
general overview of both theoretical and practical bilingual phraseography, paying special attention to the
main problems existing in this area. Thirdly, we consider the factors that can determine the development
of bilingual phraseography, starting from the notion of the “user needs paradigm” and the contributions
from the Function Theory of Lexicography. Finally, we make a brief summary of the main ideas dealt with
in the article.
BM 46550 – a Late Babylonian Mathematical Tablet with Computations of Reciprocal Numbers
Authors: Fincke Jeanette C. , Ossendrijver Mathieu 
Published: December 2016

Abstract:
The mathematical tablet BM 46550 offers the first evidence that a method for computing and verifying reciprocal numbers, thus far attested only in the Old Babylonian era, continued to be applied, in a similar manner, in the Neo- or Late Babylonian era. At least part of the tablet was computed on the spot, some of the columns being written from bottom to top. The mathematical tables are accompanied by an unusual drawing, apparently unrelated to the text.
Comodulation Enhances Signal Detection via Priming of Auditory Cortical Circuits
Authors: Sollini Joseph , Chadderton Paul 
Published: December 2016

Acoustic environments are composed of complex overlapping sounds that the auditory system is required to segregate into discrete perceptual objects. The functions of distinct auditory processing stations in this challenging task are poorly understood. Here we show a direct role for mouse auditory cortex in detection and segregation of acoustic information. We measured the sensitivity of auditory cortical neurons to brief tones embedded in masking noise. By altering spectrotemporal characteristics of the masker, we reveal that sensitivity to pure tone stimuli is strongly enhanced in coherently modulated broadband noise, corresponding to the psychoacoustic phenomenon comodulation masking release. Improvements in detection were largest following priming periods of noise alone, indicating that cortical segregation is enhanced over time. Transient opsin-mediated silencing of auditory cortex during the priming period almost completely abolished these improvements, suggesting that cortical processing may play a direct and significant role in detection of quiet sounds in noisy environments.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAuditory systems are adept at detecting and segregating competing sound sources, but there is little direct evidence of how this process occurs in the mammalian auditory pathway. We demonstrate that coherent broadband noise enhances signal representation in auditory cortex, and that prolonged exposure to noise is necessary to produce this enhancement. Using optogenetic perturbation to selectively silence auditory cortex during early noise processing, we show that cortical processing plays a crucial role in the segregation of competing sounds.
Why Does Sleep Slow-Wave Activity Increase After Extended Wake? Assessing the Effects of Increased Cortical Firing During Wake and Sleep
Authors: Rodriguez Alexander V. , Funk Chadd M. , Vyazovskiy Vladyslav V. , Nir Yuval , Tononi Giulio , Cirelli Chiara 
Published: December 2016

During non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, cortical neurons alternate between ON periods of firing and OFF periods of silence. This bi-stability, which is largely synchronous across neurons, is reflected in the EEG as slow waves. Slow-wave activity (SWA) increases with wake duration and declines homeostatically during sleep, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. One possibility is neuronal “fatigue”: high, sustained firing in wake would force neurons to recover with more frequent and longer OFF periods during sleep. Another possibility is net synaptic potentiation during wake: stronger coupling among neurons would lead to greater synchrony and therefore higher SWA. Here, we obtained a comparable increase in sustained firing (6 h) in cortex by: (1) keeping mice awake by exposure to novel objects to promote plasticity and (2) optogenetically activating a local population of cortical neurons at wake-like levels during sleep. Sleep after extended wake led to increased SWA, higher synchrony, and more time spent OFF, with a positive correlation between SWA, synchrony, and OFF periods. Moreover, time spent OFF was correlated with cortical firing during prior wake. After local optogenetic stimulation, SWA and cortical synchrony decreased locally, time spent OFF did not change, and local SWA was not correlated with either measure. Moreover, laser-induced cortical firing was not correlated with time spent OFF afterward. Overall, these results suggest that high sustained firing per se may not be the primary determinant of SWA increases observed after extended wake.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTA long-standing hypothesis is that neurons fire less during slow-wave sleep to recover from the “fatigue” accrued during wake, when overall synaptic activity is higher than in sleep. This idea, however, has rarely been tested and other factors, namely increased cortical synchrony, could explain why sleep slow-wave activity (SWA) is higher after extended wake. We forced neurons in the mouse cortex to fire at high levels for 6 h in 2 different conditions: during active wake with exploration and during sleep. We find that neurons need more time OFF only after sustained firing in wake, suggesting that fatigue due to sustained firing alone is unlikely to account for the increase in SWA that follows sleep deprivation.
Inhibition of Prolyl Oligopeptidase Restores Spontaneous Motor Behavior in the α-Synuclein Virus Vector–Based Parkinson's Disease Mouse Model by Decreasing α-Synuclein Oligomeric Species in Mouse Brain
Authors: Svarcbahs Reinis , Julku Ulrika H. , Myöhänen Timo T. 
Published: December 2016

Decreased clearance of α-synuclein (aSyn) and aSyn protein misfolding and aggregation are seen as major factors in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) and other synucleinopathies that leads to disruption in neuronal function and eventually to cell death. Prolyl oligopeptidase (PREP) can accelerate the aSyn aggregation process, while inhibition of PREP by a small molecule inhibitor decreases aSyn oligomer formation and enhances its clearance via autophagy in different aSyn overexpressing cell types and in transgenic PD animal models. In this study, we investigated the impact of chronic PREP inhibition by a small molecule inhibitor, 4-phenylbutanoyl-l-prolyl-2(S)-cyanopyrrolidine (KYP-2047), on aSyn oligomerization, clearance, and underlying spontaneous motor behavior in a virus vector–based aSyn overexpression mouse model 4 weeks after aSyn microinjections and after the onset of symptomatic forepaw bias. Following 4 weeks of PREP inhibition, we saw an improved spontaneous forelimb use in mice that correlated with a decreased immunoreactivity against oligomer-specific forms of aSyn. Additionally, KYP-2047 had a trend to enhance dopaminergic systems activity. Our results suggest that PREP inhibition exhibits a beneficial effect on the aSyn clearance and aggregation in a virus mediated aSyn overexpression PD mouse model and that PREP inhibitors could be a novel therapeutic strategy for synucleinopathies.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAlpha-synuclein (aSyn) has been implicated in Parkinson's disease, with aSyn aggregates believed to exert toxic effects on neurons, while prolyl oligopeptidase (PREP) has been shown to interact with aSyn both in cells and cell free conditions, thus enhancing its aggregation. We demonstrate the possibility to abolish motor imbalance caused by aSyn viral vector injection with chronic 4 week PREP inhibition by a potent small-molecule PREP inhibitor, 4-phenylbutanoyl-l-prolyl-2(S)-cyanopyrrolidine (KYP-2047). Treatment was initiated postsymptomatically, 4 weeks after aSyn injection. KYP-2047-treated animals had a significantly decreased amount of oligomeric aSyn particles and improved dopamine system activity compared to control animals. To our knowledge, this is the first time viral overexpression of aSyn has been countered and movement impairments abolished after their onset.
End-Stopping Predicts Curvature Tuning along the Ventral Stream
Authors: Ponce Carlos R. , Hartmann Till S. , Livingstone Margaret S. 
Published: December 2016

Neurons in primate inferotemporal cortex (IT) are clustered into patches of shared image preferences. Functional imaging has shown that these patches are activated by natural categories (e.g., faces, body parts, and places), artificial categories (numerals, words) and geometric features (curvature and real-world size). These domains develop in the same cortical locations across monkeys and humans, which raises the possibility of common innate mechanisms. Although these commonalities could be high-level template-based categories, it is alternatively possible that the domain locations are constrained by low-level properties such as end-stopping, eccentricity, and the shape of the preferred images. To explore this, we looked for correlations among curvature preference, receptive field (RF) end-stopping, and RF eccentricity in the ventral stream. We recorded from sites in V1, V4, and posterior IT (PIT) from six monkeys using microelectrode arrays. Across all visual areas, we found a tendency for end-stopped sites to prefer curved over straight contours. Further, we found a progression in population curvature preferences along the visual hierarchy, where, on average, V1 sites preferred straight Gabors, V4 sites preferred curved stimuli, and many PIT sites showed a preference for curvature that was concave relative to fixation. Our results provide evidence that high-level functional domains may be mapped according to early rudimentary properties of the visual system.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe macaque occipitotemporal cortex contains clusters of neurons with preferences for categories such as faces, body parts, and places. One common question is how these clusters (or “domains”) acquire their cortical position along the ventral stream. We and other investigators previously established an fMRI-level correlation among these category domains, retinotopy, and curvature preferences: for example, in inferotemporal cortex, face- and curvature-preferring domains show a central visual field bias whereas place- and rectilinear-preferring domains show a more peripheral visual field bias. Here, we have found an electrophysiological-level explanation for the correlation among domain preference, curvature, and retinotopy based on neuronal preference for short over long contours, also called end-stopping.
Nasal Respiration Entrains Human Limbic Oscillations and Modulates Cognitive Function
Authors: Zelano Christina , Jiang Heidi , Zhou Guangyu , Arora Nikita , Schuele Stephan , Rosenow Joshua , Gottfried Jay A. 
Published: December 2016

The need to breathe links the mammalian olfactory system inextricably to the respiratory rhythms that draw air through the nose. In rodents and other small animals, slow oscillations of local field potential activity are driven at the rate of breathing (∼2–12 Hz) in olfactory bulb and cortex, and faster oscillatory bursts are coupled to specific phases of the respiratory cycle. These dynamic rhythms are thought to regulate cortical excitability and coordinate network interactions, helping to shape olfactory coding, memory, and behavior. However, while respiratory oscillations are a ubiquitous hallmark of olfactory system function in animals, direct evidence for such patterns is lacking in humans. In this study, we acquired intracranial EEG data from rare patients (Ps) with medically refractory epilepsy, enabling us to test the hypothesis that cortical oscillatory activity would be entrained to the human respiratory cycle, albeit at the much slower rhythm of ∼0.16–0.33 Hz. Our results reveal that natural breathing synchronizes electrical activity in human piriform (olfactory) cortex, as well as in limbic-related brain areas, including amygdala and hippocampus. Notably, oscillatory power peaked during inspiration and dissipated when breathing was diverted from nose to mouth. Parallel behavioral experiments showed that breathing phase enhances fear discrimination and memory retrieval. Our findings provide a unique framework for understanding the pivotal role of nasal breathing in coordinating neuronal oscillations to support stimulus processing and behavior.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAnimal studies have long shown that olfactory oscillatory activity emerges in line with the natural rhythm of breathing, even in the absence of an odor stimulus. Whether the breathing cycle induces cortical oscillations in the human brain is poorly understood. In this study, we collected intracranial EEG data from rare patients with medically intractable epilepsy, and found evidence for respiratory entrainment of local field potential activity in human piriform cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus. These effects diminished when breathing was diverted to the mouth, highlighting the importance of nasal airflow for generating respiratory oscillations. Finally, behavioral data in healthy subjects suggest that breathing phase systematically influences cognitive tasks related to amygdala and hippocampal functions.
Gpr126/Adgrg6 Has Schwann Cell Autonomous and Nonautonomous Functions in Peripheral Nerve Injury and Repair
Authors: Mogha Amit , Harty Breanne L. , Carlin Dan , Joseph Jessica , Sanchez Nicholas E. , Suter Ueli , Piao Xianhua , Cavalli Valeria , Monk Kelly R. 
Published: December 2016

Schwann cells (SCs) are essential for proper peripheral nerve development and repair, although the mechanisms regulating these processes are incompletely understood. We previously showed that the adhesion G protein-coupled receptor Gpr126/Adgrg6 is essential for SC development and myelination. Interestingly, the expression of Gpr126 is maintained in adult SCs, suggestive of a function in the mature nerve. We therefore investigated the role of Gpr126 in nerve repair by studying an inducible SC-specificGpr126knock-out mouse model. Here, we show that remyelination is severely delayed after nerve-crush injury. Moreover, we also observe noncell-autonomous defects in macrophage recruitment and axon regeneration in injured nerves following loss of Gpr126 in SCs. This work demonstrates that Gpr126 has critical SC-autonomous and SC-nonautonomous functions in remyelination and peripheral nerve repair.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTLack of robust remyelination represents one of the major barriers to recovery of neurological functions in disease or following injury in many disorders of the nervous system. Here we show that the adhesion class G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) Gpr126/Adgrg6 is required for remyelination, macrophage recruitment, and axon regeneration following nerve injury. At least 30% of all approved drugs target GPCRs; thus, Gpr126 represents an attractive potential target to stimulate repair in myelin disease or following nerve injury.