bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterizing the lateral slope of the aging female eyebrow
Authors: Delyzer Tanya L , Yazdani Arjang 
Published: February 2017

Background Ideal eyebrow aesthetics give a framework for brow rejuvenation and surgical procedures do not always provide satisfying results. Previous studies have shown elevation of the medial brow with aging; however, they failed to characterize overall shape changes. Objective To characterize changes in eyebrow slope with increasing age to better direct brow rejuvenation. Methods From standardized anteroposterior facial photographs of 100 women 20 to 80 years of age, eyebrow height was measured at the medial limbus and arch apex from a mid-pupillary horizontal. The slope of the eyebrow was calculated. Using group analysis, mean height and slope were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. Regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between slope and age. Results Mean slope significantly decreased from 20 to 29 years of age to 40 to 49 years of age (0.22 versus 0.12; P=0.03), and then increased between 40 and 49 years of age and ≥60 years of age (0.12 versus 0.21; P=0.05). Medial height did not change significantly, and arch apex significantly decreased between 20 and 29 years of age and 40 and 49 years of age. Regression analysis showed a quadratic relationship between age and slope, with the decrease in slope until the fifth decade of life being directly related to increasing age. After this, age was not a significant contributor to slope changes. Conclusions With increasing age, the slope of the eyebrow decreases until the fifth decade dependent on age. After the fifth decade, age no longer plays a significant role. Therefore, choice of brow lift technique should be carefully selected.
Computed Tomography Artefacts: An Experimental Investigation of Causative Factors
Authors: Strumas N , Antonyshyn O , Yaffe MJ , Mawdsley G , Cooper P 
Published: February 2017

N Strumas, O Antonyshyn, MJ Yaffe, G Mawdsley, P Cooper. Computed tomography artefacts: An experimental investigation of causative factors. Can J Plast Surg 1998;6(1):23-29. The factors that produce computed tomography (CT) artefacts associated with craniofacial fixation devices were analyzed. The effects of attenuation, motion, partial volume and implant shape were evaluated. By using a CT phantom model with an engine to produce reproducible motion, a vitallium rod, fixation plate and blank were scanned sequentially. for each experimental condition, the degree of artefact produced was quantified by measuring the standard deviation of the CT number at standardized regions of interest, and a comparative analysis was performed. Motion produced the greatest degree of artefact. Both the frequency and direction of motion were important, with high frequency motion in the plane of the CT slice producing the greatest degree of CT artefact. Partial volume artefacts increased as the volume of material in the plane of section increased. The amount of artefact produced was dependent on the volume of material x-rays passed through the object rather than on the geometric configuration. Attenuation effects were evaluated. Results revealed that the amount of artefact was greatest between highly attenuating objects.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A New Objective Evaluation Technique
Authors: Bigelow Eric , Bell Michael 
Published: February 2017

E Bigelow, M Bell. Carpal tunnel syndrome: A new objective evaluation technique. Can J Plast Surg 1998;6(2):99-103. Thumb abduction strength is impaired progressively in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). In advanced cases abductor pollicis brevis (APB) weakness and wasting are evident. The APB muscle recovers power significantly after carpal tunnel release. A technique that objectively measures this function is described. The results of a study comparing 175 patients suffering from CTS with 132 controls are presented. No previous study has looked exclusively at the APB motor deficit preoperatively and at the postoperative recovery in CTS patients. Preoperatively, bilateral thumb abduction power was measured in patients with CTS by using a micrometer spring scale. The results were compared with those from a control group. A significant APB strength deficit was present in all CTS patients (P=0.001). A standard carpal tunnel release was performed by the same surgeon in all cases. The transverse carpal ligament was incised under direct vision with the use of an open technique. Thumb abduction strength was measured again four weeks postoperatively; significant recovery was observed in strength compared with the preoperative value (P=0.001). Thumb abduction power was, however, still lower than that of the control group (P=0.001). This test is a simple, inexpensive and reproducible way to evaluate the severity of CTS and to help diagnose patients with CTS objectively. It is a useful adjunct to monitor and follow CTS patients postoperatively.
Coronal Fractures of the Body of the Hamate: Two Case Reports
Authors: Binhammer Paul A , Rao Jaggi 
Published: February 2017

PA Binhammer, J Rao. Coronal fractures of the body of the hamate: Two case reports. Can J Plast Surg 1998;6(2):81-84. Coronal fracture of the body of the hamate with associated dorsal dislocation at the bases of the fourth and fifth metacarpals is rare. Two cases of this injury, treated with open reduction and internal fixation, are reported. As well, other reports of coronal hamate fractures are reviewed.
Patellar complications in single versus double tunnel medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction
Authors: Mohammed Riazuddin , Hunt Neil , Gibbon AJ 
Published: February 2017

Purpose: Hamstring graft fixation on the patellar side during medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction is usually with transosseous tunnels and can frequently lead to further problems. The aim of our study was to compare and analyse patellar complications in single patellar tunnel versus double tunnel hamstring graft fixation. Methods: Twenty-nine knees with MPFL reconstructions (group S) in which the hamstring tendon graft was transfixed using a suspensory fixation method in a single tunnel drilled across the patella were analysed in comparison with 29 knees (group D) with interference fixation of the graft through two tunnels drilled up to a predetermined depth in the patella. Primary outcome measured was any patellar complication like anterior knee pain and patella fracture. Secondary outcomes assessed were future functional instability and failure of reconstruction. Results: Anterior knee pain was noted in six patients in group S, of which three patients had removal of the irritating metalwork on the patella. In all, nine surgical interventions were needed in six patients in this group. Three patients in group D complained of knee pain, but no one in this group needed any further surgical interventions ( p value 0.02). Symptomatic instability requiring revision surgery or realignment surgery was required in two patients in the group S and none in group D. No patellar fractures were seen in either group. Conclusion: Our study showed increasing problems with single tunnel patellar fixation, with more reoperation and failure rates compared to double tunnel fixation. The evidence supports the move towards anatomical double bundle MPFL reconstructions.
Identification of an HLA class I allele closely involved in the autoantigen presentation in acquired aplastic anemia
Authors: Zaimoku Yoshitaka , Takamatsu Hiroyuki , Hosomichi Kazuyoshi , Ozawa Tatsuhiko , Nakagawa Noriharu , Imi Tatsuya , Maruyama Hiroyuki , Katagiri Takamasa , Kishi Hiroyuki , Tajima Atsushi , Muraguchi Atsushi , Kashiwase Koichi , Nakao Shinji 
Published: February 2017

Key Points
Somatic mutations of HLA-B*40:02 are very frequently detected in granulocyte of patients with acquired aplastic anemia. Antigen presentation via HLA-B4002 may play a critical role in the pathophysiology of acquired aplastic anemia.
Vildagliptin, but not glibenclamide, increases circulating endothelial progenitor cell number: a 12-month randomized controlled trial in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Dei Cas Alessandra , Spigoni Valentina , Cito Monia , Aldigeri Raffaella , Ridolfi Valentina , Marchesi Elisabetta , Marina Michela , Derlindati Eleonora , Aloe Rosalia , Bonadonna Riccardo C. , Zavaroni Ivana 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Background
Fewer circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and increased plasma (C-term) stromal cell-derived factor 1α (SDF-1α), a substrate of DPP-4, are biomarkers, and perhaps mediators, of cardiovascular risk and mortality. Short-term/acute treatment with DPP-4 inhibitors improve EPC bioavailability; however, long-term effects of DPP-4i on EPCs bioavailability/plasma (C-term) SDF-1α are unknown.

Methods
Randomized (2:1) open-label trial to compare the effects of vildagliptin (V) (100 mg/day) vs glibenclamide (G) (2.5 mg bid to a maximal dose of 5 mg bid) on circulating EPC levels at 4 and 12 months of treatment in 64 patients with type 2 diabetes in metformin failure. At baseline, and after 4 and 12 months, main clinical/biohumoral parameters, inflammatory biomarkers, concomitant therapies, EPC number (CD34+/CD133+/KDR+/106 cytometric events) and plasma (C-term) SDF-1α (R&D system) were assessed.

Results
Baseline characteristics were comparable in the two groups. V and G similarly and significantly (p < 0.0001) improved glucose control. At 12 months, V significantly increased EPC number (p < 0.05) and significantly reduced (C-term) SDF-1α plasma levels (p < 0.01) compared to G, with no differences in inflammatory biomarkers.

Conclusions
V exerts a long-term favorable effect on EPC and (C-term) SDF-1α levels at glucose equipoise, thereby implying a putative beneficial effect on vascular integrity.
Trial registration Clinical Trials number: NCT01822548; name: Effect of Vildagliptin vs. Glibenclamide on Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cell Number Type 2 Diabetes. Registered 28 March, 2013
Generalized α-nonexpansive mappings in Banach spaces
Authors: Shukla Rahul , Pant Rajendra , De la Sen Manuel 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe consider a new type of monotone nonexpansive mappings in an ordered Banach space X with partial order ⪯. This new class of nonlinear mappings properly contains nonexpansive, firmly-nonexpansive and Suzuki-type generalized nonexpansive mappings and partially extends α-nonexpansive mappings. We obtain some existence theorems and weak and strong convergence theorems for the Mann iteration. Some useful examples are presented to illustrate the facts.
Disciplinary variations in academic promotional writing: the case of statements of purpose
Authors: Chen Sibo 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis paper explores disciplinary variations in academic promotional writing via a comparative analysis of statements of purpose (SoPs) written for different disciplines. A total of 100 SoPs written by English as an additional language (EAL) applicants from mainland China were collected, which were drawn from five academic disciplines: business, engineering, humanities, science and social science. Following a corpus-driven research design, these SoP samples were analyzed in terms of their lexico-grammatical and rhetorical features. The data analysis suggests that although on the surface these SoP samples share similarities in lexico-grammatical and rhetorical features, they are quite different in terms of their preferred persuasion strategies. While SoPs written for engineering and science primarily base their self-promotional arguments upon the applicants’ previous research experiences and future research prospects, those written for business, humanities and social science tend to focus on how the applicants’ unique Chinese socio-cultural backgrounds would contribute to their desired programs. The above finding sheds light upon how academic genres are invariably embedded in disciplinary practices, with each discipline having its own communicative purposes, discourse community members, academic expectations and disciplinary constraints.
Clinical Pharmacokinetics of High-Dose Metoclopramide in Cancer Patients Receiving Cisplatin Therapy
Authors: McDermed Jonathan E. , Cohen Jordan L. , Joseph Corrine , Strum Stephen B. 
Published: February 2017

In the article by McDermed et al "Clinical Pharmacokinetics of High-Dose Metoclopramide in Cancer Patients Receiving Cisplatin Therapy" (Journal of Clinical Oncology 3:1400–1408, 1985), an error was made in the second column on page 1401 that altered the meaning of an equation. The correct equation appears below. Please see the PDF for Equation.
A Prospective Comparison of Neuropsychologic Performance of Children Surviving Leukemia Who Received 18-Gy, 24-Gy, or No Cranial Irradiation
Authors: Mulhern Raymond K. , Fairclough Diane , Ochs Judith 
Published: February 2017

Table 1 of the report "A Prospective Comparison of Neuropsychologic Performance of Children Surviving Leukemia Who Received 18-Gy, 24-Gy, or No Cranial Irradiation" (J Clin Oncol 9:1348–1356, 1991) contained an error. lt is reprinted here correctly in its entirety: Please see the PDF for Table.
Superiority of ProMACE-CytaBOM Over ProMACE-MOPP in the Treatment of Advanced Diffuse Aggressive Lymphoma
Authors: Longo Dan L. , DeVita Vincent T. , Duffey Patricia L. , Wesley Margaret N. , Ihde Daniel C. , Hubbard Susan M. , Gilliom Mercedes , Jaffe Elaine S. , Cossman Jeffrey , Fisher Richard I. , Young Robert C. 
Published: February 2017

Table of the report entitled "Superiority of ProMACE-CytaBOM Over ProMACE-MOPP in the Treatment of Advanced Diffuse Aggressive Lymphoma: Results of a Prospective Randomized Trial" by Longo et al (J Clin Oncol 9:25–38, 1991) contained several errors. It is reprinted here correctly in its entirety: Please see the PDF for Table.
Enhancement of radiation-induced downstaging of rectal cancer by fluorouracil and high-dose leucovorin chemotherapy.
Authors: Minsky B D , Cohen A M , Kemeny N , Enker W E , Kelsen D P , Reichman B , Saltz L , Sigurdson E R , Frankel J 
Published: February 2017

PURPOSE To determine if fluorouracil (5-FU) plus high-dose leucovorin (LV) enhances local response in patients receiving preoperative radiation therapy (RT) for adenocarcinoma of the rectum, we compared the degree of downstaging in patients receiving preoperative RT with or without chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS For this comparison, three groups of patients who were treated with identical doses and techniques of preoperative pelvic RT (total dose of 5,040 cGy) were examined. Group 1 included 20 patients with unresectable disease who received combined RT and LV/5-FU. Group 2 included 11 patients with unresectable disease who received preoperative RT. Group 3 included 21 patients with invasive, resectable, primary disease who received preoperative RT. RESULTS Patients with unresectable disease who received LV/5-FU had a higher rate of pathologic complete response (20% v 0%) and a lower incidence of positive nodes (30% v 64%) compared with those who did not receive chemotherapy. Even when the most favorable group of patients was included (group 3), patients who received LV/5-FU still had a higher complete response rate (20% v 6%) and a lower incidence of positive nodes (30% v 53%) compared with those who received RT without LV/5-FU. Of those patients with initially unresectable disease, the resectability rate was higher in those who received LV/5-FU compared with those who did not receive LV/5-FU (90% v 64%). Patients who received LV/5-FU experienced slightly more grade 1 to 2 fatigue, stomatitis, nausea, and grade 3 diarrhea, tenesmus, and dysuria. CONCLUSIONS Despite the fact that patients who received chemotherapy (group 1) had more advanced disease compared with those with resectable disease (group 3), the addition of LV/5-FU increased the resectability and downstaging rates. The ultimate impact of a complete response as well as a decrease in the incidence of pelvic nodes on local control and survival remains to be determined. However, given the enhancement of down-staging in patients with unresectable rectal cancer, we are encouraged by the combined modality approach.
Second primary malignancies following diagnosis of small-cell lung cancer.
Authors: Sagman U , Lishner M , Maki E , Shepherd F A , Haddad R , Evans W K , DeBoer G , Payne D , Pringle J F , Yeoh J L 
Published: February 2017

PURPOSE AND METHODS The records of 800 patients with small-cell carcinoma of the lung (SCLC) treated between 1971 and 1985 at University of Toronto-affiliated hospitals were reviewed for the occurrence and relative risk of second primary malignancies (SPMs). Almost all patients who developed a SPM were treated previously with chemotherapy and radiation therapy. RESULTS Nineteen metachronous SPMs (MSPMs) and 11 synchronous SPMs (SSPMs) were identified. SSPMs were detected between 1 and 12 months after the diagnosis of SCLC. The MSPMs were identified between 1 and 10 years after the diagnosis of SCLC. MSPMs included non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (four patients), hematologic malignancies (HM) (three patients), and 12 with other solid tumors (OST). The median survival times after the diagnosis of MSPM was 33 months, 10 months, and 1 month, respectively, for those with NSCLC, OST, and HM. Expected cancer incidence rates were used to compute a relative risk rate for developing a MSPM in a subset of 392 patients on whom accurate follow-up information was available. The calculated relative risk for all tumors was 3.73. The relative risk for the development of secondary NSCLC was 6.83. CONCLUSION We suggest that increased predisposition to SPM may relate to secondary effects of multimodality treatment and biologic considerations.
Etoposide and carboplatin in neuroblastoma: a French Society of Pediatric Oncology phase II study.
Authors: Frappaz D , Michon J , Hartmann O , Bouffet E , Lejars O , Rubie H , Gentet J C , Chastagner P , Sariban E , Brugiere L 
Published: February 2017

PURPOSE A phase II study of etoposide (VP 16) and carboplatin (CBDCA) was performed in patients with metastatic neuroblastoma (NB). The aim of the study was to find an alternative treatment for induction with different toxicities than the VP 16/cisplatin (CDDP) combination. PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty-seven patients who were from 6 months to 16 years of age, with either relapsed (29) or primary resistant (18) NB, were included in a cooperative multicenter phase II study of the French Society of Pediatric Oncology (SFOP). The schedule consisted of 5 consecutive days of VP 16 100 mg/m2/d and CBDCA 160 mg/m2/d. RESULTS The response rate for the 39 assessable patients was 43%; there were four complete remissions and 13 partial remissions. Neither the status of the patients nor the total dose of CDDP that was received previously influenced response. Hematologic toxicity was marked and caused considerable delay between courses (median interval, 39 days). In these heavily pretreated patients, 16% had a more than 50% decrease in creatinine clearance and a 22% World Health Organization (WHO) grade 2 ototoxicity. CONCLUSION This VP 16/CBDCA combination deserves further evaluation for efficacy and toxicity in newly diagnosed patients, and the combination of both drugs should be considered for high-dose therapy with bone marrow transplantation.
Fasting plasma lipid measurements following cisplatin chemotherapy in patients with germ cell tumors.
Authors: Ellis P A , Fitzharris B M , George P M , Robinson B A , Atkinson C H , Colls B M 
Published: February 2017

PURPOSE Elevated total serum cholesterol levels have been reported recently in a group of patients with metastatic testicular cancer after treatment with cisplatin combination chemotherapy. We have studied the lipid profile of a similar group of patients in an attempt to confirm this observation. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fasting plasma lipid concentrations were measured in 47 patients with advanced germ cell tumors who were previously treated with a cisplatin combination chemotherapy. The values obtained for mean total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglyceride, apolipoprotein A1, and apolipoprotein B concentrations were compared with those obtained from a control group of 59 patients with germ cell tumors who were not treated with chemotherapy and with data from the New Zealand male population. Median time from the completion of chemotherapy to lipid measurement in the treated group was 50 months (range, 2 to 138 months). The median total dose of cisplatin given was 720 mg (range, 300 to 1,625 mg). RESULTS Mean total plasma cholesterol concentrations in the cisplatin group (5.87 mol/L) and the control group (5.70 mmol/L) did not differ significantly (P > .4). There was no significant difference for any of the variables between the chemotherapy and control groups and those of the New Zealand male population. There was a trend toward higher mean triglyceride concentrations in the chemotherapy group, but this did not reach significance. CONCLUSIONS We have not demonstrated an elevation in total plasma cholesterol after cisplatin chemotherapy as has been reported by previous investigators. Our results suggest that in these patients, cisplatin-containing combination chemotherapy is not associated with a significant adverse effect on plasma lipid profile.
Imaging, dosimetry, and radioimmunotherapy with iodine 131-labeled anti-CD37 antibody in B-cell lymphoma.
Authors: Kaminski M S , Fig L M , Zasadny K R , Koral K F , DelRosario R B , Francis I R , Hanson C A , Normolle D P , Mudgett E , Liu C P 
Published: February 2017

PURPOSE This study was undertaken to evaluate the tumor targeting, toxicity, and therapeutic potential of the anti-B-cell-reactive monoclonal antibody MB-1 (anti-CD37) labeled with iodine 131 given in a nonmarrow ablative dose range in B-cell lymphoma patients who relapsed after chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twelve patients with MB-1-reactive tumors were infused first with 40 mg of trace-labeled (3 to 7 mCi) MB-1. Ten patients who had no serious toxicity postinfusion and who had successful tumor imaging on serial gamma scans then received at least one 40-mg radioimmunotherapy (RIT) dose (25 to 161 mCi). Tracer estimates of delivered whole-body dose (WBD) were used in prescribing a millicurie RIT dose for seven patients. RESULTS Eleven patients had positive tumor imaging after a tracer dose, including patients with bulky tumors and/or large tumor burdens (> or = 1 kg) +/- splenomegaly. However, overall sensitivity for the detection of known tumor sites was only 39%. In six of eight patients with dose-assessable tumors, the radiation dose to at least one tumor was 1.1 to 3.1 times higher than to any normal organ, excluding the spleen for a 40-mg tracer dose. Tracer-dose toxicities included reversible glossal edema in one patient, grade 3 hepatic transaminasemia in another, and early drops in both circulating B and T cells (with decreases in B cells more pronounced) in nearly all patients. RIT toxicity was primarily myelosuppression (especially thrombocytopenia), which had a delayed onset and protracted recovery (without significant recovery until at least 2 months post-RIT). Grade 3 myelosuppression in two of two patients who were treated at a tracer-projected 50-cGy WBD level (133 and 149 mCi) precluded further planned RIT dose escalation. Less myelosuppression was generally observed in patients who were treated at < or = 40-cGy WBD levels. Antimouse antibodies developed in two patients. Six patients had tumor responses post-RIT. Four had responses that lasted more than 1 month (2 to 6 months), which included one complete response, one partial response, one minor response, and one mixed response. Responses seemed to occur more frequently in imaged tumors than in nonimaged tumors. The most durable response occurred in a patient who had the best antibody targeting to tumor. CONCLUSIONS Although 131I-MB-1 has limited diagnostic value, it can produce tumor responses at nonmarrow ablative RIT doses. Further studies that focus on improving tumor targeting with this or other B-cell-reactive radiolabeled antibodies and on ameliorating the myelosuppression associated with the RIT-dosing approach used in this trial are warranted.