bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence of and risk factors for surgical site infections in women undergoing hysterectomy for endometrial carcinoma
Authors: Tuomi Taru , Pasanen Annukka , Leminen Arto , Bützow Ralf , Loukovaara Mikko 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIntroductionThe purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of, and risk factors for, surgical site infections in a contemporary cohort of women with endometrial carcinoma.Material and methodsWe retrospectively studied 1164 women treated for endometrial carcinoma by hysterectomy at a single institution in 2007–2013. In all, 912 women (78.4%) had minimally invasive hysterectomy. Data on surgical site infections were collected from medical records. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify risk factors for incisional and organ/space infections.ResultsNinety‐four women (8.1%) were diagnosed with a surgical site infection. Twenty women (1.7%) had an incisional infection and 74 (6.4%) had an organ/space infection. The associations of 17 clinico‐pathologic and surgical variables were tested by univariate analyses. Those variables that were identified as potential risk factors in univariate analyses (p < 0.15) were used in logistic regression models with incisional and organ/space infections as dependent variables. Obesity (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2), diabetes, and long operative time (>80th centile) were independently associated with a higher risk of incisional infection, whereas minimally invasive surgery was associated with a smaller risk. Smoking, conversion to laparotomy, and lymphadenectomy were associated with a higher risk of organ/space infection.ConclusionsOrgan/space infections comprised the majority of surgical site infections. Risk factors for incisional and organ/space infections differed. Minimally invasive hysterectomy was associated with a smaller risk of incisional infections but not of organ/space infections.
Intraocular pressure and biomechanical corneal properties measure by ocular response analyser in patients with primary congenital glaucoma
Authors: Perucho‐González Lucía , Martínez de la Casa Jose María , Morales‐Fernández Laura , Bañeros‐Rojas Paula , Saenz‐Francés Federico , García‐Feijoó Julían 
Published: December 2015

AbstractPurposeTo measure the differences in corneal hysteresis (CH) and corneal resistance factor (CRF) in primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) and in control subjects using ocular response analyser (ORA) and also to compare intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements given by ORA against IOP given by Perkins tonometer, a handheld version of Goldman applanation tonometer (GAT), to determine correlation.MethodsOne hundred and eighteen eyes of 78 patients with PCG (group I) and 103 eyes of 53 controls (group II) were evaluated using ORA. In all participants, IOP was measured using the Perkins tonometer. The ORA device uses applanation pressure peaks to generate the corneal‐compensated IOP (IOPcc), which is reportedly independent of corneal thickness, and the measurement of Goldman‐correlated IOP (IOPg), which is influenced by corneal thickness.ResultsThe measures in group I were as follows: IOPcc 20.92 ± 5.33; IOPg 18.87 ± 6.67; CH 8.51 ± 2.25; CRF 9.85 ± 3.03; and IOP measured by Goldman 18.32 ± 5.13. The measures in group II were as follows: IOPcc 14.33 ± 2.91; IOPg 14.77 ± 3.00; CH 11.37 ± 1.61; CRF 11.02 ± 1.74; and IOP measured by Goldman 13.74 ± 2.42. The differences of all parameters compared between both groups were statistically significant (p < 0.001 for CH and for all IOP measures and p = 0.001 for CRF). The values of IOPcc, IOPg and IOP measured with Goldman were higher in group I than the values in group II. However, CH and CRF values were lower in group I.ConclusionA decrease in CH and CRF has been observed in patients with PCG compared to controls. Future research should assess how these parameters are modified in PCG and whether they could provide more information about progression.
A single nucleotide polymorphism in the dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase gene is associated with lower risk of pulmonary hypertension in bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Trittmann Jennifer K. , Gastier‐Foster Julie M. , Zmuda Erik J. , Frick Jessica , Rogers Lynette K. , Vieland Veronica J. , Chicoine Louis G. , Nelin Leif D. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAimPulmonary hypertension (PH) develops in 25–40% of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) patients, substantially increasing mortality. We have previously found that asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) production, is elevated in patients with BPD‐associated PH. ADMA is metabolised by Nᴳ,Nᴳ‐dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH). Presently, we test the hypothesis that there are single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in DDAH1 and/or DDAH2 associated with the development of PH in BPD patients.MethodsBPD patients were enrolled (n = 98) at Nationwide Children's Hospital. Clinical characteristics and 36 SNPs in DDAH1 and DDAH2 were compared between BPD‐associated PH patients (cases) and BPD‐alone patients (controls).ResultsIn BPD patients, 25 (26%) had echocardiographic evidence of PH (cases). In this cohort, DDAH1 wild‐type rs480414 was 92% sensitive and 53% specific for PH in BPD, and the DDAH1 SNP rs480414 decreased the risk of PH in an additive model of inheritance (OR = 0.39; 95% CI [0.18–0.88], p = 0.01).ConclusionThe rs480414 SNP in DDAH1 may be protective against the development of PH in patients with BPD. Furthermore, the DDAH1 rs480414 may be a useful biomarker in developing predictive models for PH in patients with BPD.
The neuroscience and context of adolescent depression
Authors: Henje Blom Eva , Ho Tiffany C. , Connolly Colm G. , LeWinn Kaja Z. , Sacchet Matthew D. , Tymofiyeva Olga , Weng Helen Y. , Yang Tony T. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAdolescent depression is a growing public health concern with an increased risk of negative health outcomes, including suicide. The use of antidepressants and psychotherapy has not halted its increasing prevalence, and there is a critical need for effective prevention and treatment. We reviewed the neuroscience of adolescent depression, with a focus on the neurocircuitry of sustained threat and summarised contextual factors that have an impact on brain development and the pathophysiology of depression. We also reviewed novel treatment models.ConclusionAttention to the relevant neurocircuitry and contextual factors implicated in adolescent depression is necessary to advance prevention and treatment development.
An active video game intervention does not improve physical activity and sedentary time of children at‐risk for developmental coordination disorder: a crossover randomized trial
Authors: Howie E. K. , Campbell A. C. , Straker L. M. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundChildren with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) are highly inactive and sedentary. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of a home‐based active video game intervention on objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behaviour in children at risk for DCD.MethodsIn a crossover randomized clinical trial, 21 children (mean age 11.0, SD 1.0; n = 11 girls) in Perth, Western Australia participated in two 16‐week periods: no active video games (AVGs) control period and AVGs intervention period. Two active input consoles were provided to participants along with a selection of non‐violent AVGs for participants to play at home. Participants wore accelerometers at baseline and following each period to determine minutes of sedentary, light, moderate and vigorous times in addition to self‐reported types of activities in a diary. Linear mixed models, adjusted for the order of periods, compared physical activity and sedentary time during the last week of each period.ResultsThere were no significant differences between the intervention and control periods in time spent in sedentary (decrease of −1.0 min/day during the intervention period, 95%CI −12.1, 10.1), light (increase of 2.2 min/day, 95%CI −8.8, 13.2), moderate (decrease of 0.7 min/day, 95%CI −4.6, 3.3) or vigorous (decrease of −0.6 min/day, 95%CI −1.6, 0.4).ConclusionsAmong children at risk for DCD, participating in this AVG intervention did not improve objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time.
A scoping review of evaluated interventions addressing developmental transitions for youth with mental health disorders
Authors: Di Rezze B. , Nguyen T. , Mulvale G. , Barr N. G. , Longo C. J. , Randall G. E. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundYouth with mental health disorders often experience challenges when transitioning into adult roles (e.g. independent living, work and community engagement). Health interventions that address the needs of youth with mental health disorders during these challenges in their development (i.e. developmental transitions) have not been reviewed in the literature. This scoping review examines the peer‐reviewed research that describes evaluated interventions addressing developmental transitions for youth with mental health disorders.MethodsA search of four prominent health literature databases (CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE and PsycINFO) was conducted to identify evaluated developmental transition interventions for adolescents and youth (12–25 years) with mental health disorders. Study selection and analysis were guided by a methodological framework for conducting scoping reviews. Selected studies were described, assessed for quality and collated based on ten dimensions from two notable conceptual frameworks in developmental transitions and disability.ResultsNine studies met the inclusion criteria. The interventions within these studies demonstrated five specialized and four multi‐faceted programmes (i.e. multiple domains). All domains from the two conceptual frameworks were represented differently across studies. The sub‐domains from these studies were most frequently related to vocational‐focused interventions, least frequently related to social activities and living situation and did not explicitly map onto the sexuality sub‐domain. Three multi‐faceted interventions incorporated all domains and utilized each intervention approach. Study quality was rated for seven of the nine studies. Quantitative methodology for five of the seven studies was rated as higher quality.ConclusionsEvaluated interventions described in the transitions literature for youth with mental health disorders predominantly focus on vocational needs. The least studied areas were the personal and interpersonal domains. These domains were only incorporated within interventions addressing multiple domains of developmental transitions. These insights can be helpful in guiding evidence‐based practice and policy development, as well as informing gaps for future research programmes.
Role of epidermal growth factor mutational status for distinction between recurrent lung cancer and second primary lung cancer: case report
Authors: Vaz Daniel , Conde Sara , Tente David , Machado Jose Carlos , Barroso Ana 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIntroductionIn a patient with previous radically treated lung adenocarcinoma, the detection of a new lung cancer raises the question whether recurrence or a second primary lung cancer is involved. Current criteria for differentiating multiple lung tumors lack a biologic and molecular basis and may lead to misclassification with impact on survival.ObjectivesWe report the case of a female patient with a recent diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma and a previous lung adenocarcinoma submitted to curative surgical therapy 4 years before. As both lesions were resected, were of the same histologic subtype and presented the same immunohistochemistry profile; we decided to perform mutational analysis of the epidermal growth factor (EGFR) gene to differentiate between recurrence and second primary lung cancer.MethodsThe EGFR gene was screened for mutations in exons 18, 19, 20 and 21 using direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction products in DNA obtained from paraffin preserved cells from both tumors.ResultsMutational analysis of the EGFR gene, revealed different mutations in each tumor (both on exon 19) allowing the confirmation of the diagnosis of two metachronous primary lung cancers.ConclusionsIn this patient, mutational analysis of the EGFR gene was superior to histologic and immunohistochemistry characterization in differentiating between recurrent lung cancer and second primary lung cancer; allowing confirmation of the diagnosis of two metachronous primary lung cancers.
Inflammatory markers and circulating extracellular matrix proteins in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction
Authors: López‐Sánchez Marta , Muñoz‐Esquerre Mariana , Huertas Daniel , Montes Ana , Molina‐Molina María , Manresa Federico , Dorca Jordi , Santos Salud 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundLeft ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) is a frequent condition in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Tenascin‐C (Tn‐C) and matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9) are extracellular matrix proteins associated with myocardial fibrosis and wall remodeling because of inflammation.ObjectiveTo determine whether the circulating levels of inflammatory markers, Tn‐C and MMP‐9 are associated with LVDD in COPD patients.MethodsForty‐two severe stable COPD patients (64 ± 8 years, 88% male, FEV1% 38 ± 5.7) and a control group (n = 11) were included. Pulmonary function tests and a Doppler echocardiography were performed on COPD patients. Baseline serum levels of C‐reactive protein (CRP), leukocytes, fibrinogen, interleukins (IL) 6 and 8, Tn‐C and MMP‐9 were analyzed in all participants.ResultsCOPD patients were classified in two groups: LVDD (n = 35) and non‐LVDD (n = 7). Serum levels of IL‐6 and CRP were higher in the LVDD group compared to the non‐LVDD group [median(IQR)] [3.46 pg/mL (2.36–4.74) vs 1.87 pg/mL (1.10–3.28), P = 0.045] and [6.0 mg/L (3.0–13.0) vs 1.0 mg/L (1.0–2.3), P = 0.001], respectively. The same trend was observed in the analysis adjusted by age and BMI, being significant for CRP (P = 0.04). Circulating IL‐6 was associated with the type of LVDD, being higher in the type‐II (P = 0.046). Obese patients with COPD‐LVDD showed a higher level of inflammatory markers (P = 0.021). Tn‐C were significantly higher in patients with LVDD type‐II compared to type‐I [1422 ng/mL (826–1948) vs 781 ng/mL (640–1139), P = 0.015], without differences in MMP‐9.ConclusionsSevere COPD patients with LVDD showed a different inflammatory pattern, suggesting a link between low‐grade inflammation and the presence of LVDD. In COPD, high levels of Tn‐C are related to LVDD type‐II.
Repeatability of the endurance shuttle walk test in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Ngai Shirley P.C. , Spencer Lissa M. , Jones Alice Y.M. , Alison Jennifer A. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIntroductionWalking tests, including the endurance shuttle walk test (ESWT), have been used to assess functional capacity in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Learning effects through repeated practice have been reported for some field walking tests. However, the repeatability of ESWT at various time points, i.e. within the same day, within the week and one week apart, has not been examined.ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the repeatability of ESWT overtime to determine whether or not a learning effect existed.MethodsTwenty‐two participants diagnosed with COPD [age 71 ± 6 years; FEV1% predicted 54 ± 24%] were recruited. Participants performed two incremental shuttle walk tests to determine the walking speed for the ESWT and a practice ESWT (Ep) to determine whether the ESWT level was appropriate. ESWT 1(E1) and ESWT 2(E2) were performed on the same day, 30 min apart; ESWT 3(E3) was performed within a week from E2; ESWT 4(E4) was performed one week after E3. Duration walked in each ESWT was recorded. The repeatability of the four ESWTs was analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance.ResultsThe mean durations of E1 to E4 were 368 ± 203 s, 371 ± 182 s, 386 ± 213 s and 367 ± 223 s, respectively, with no time effect (F=0.18, P=0.79).ConclusionThere was no evidence of learning effect when ESWT was repeated within one day, within one week and one week apart, once the appropriate baseline level was established, showing that ESWT is repeatable in people with moderate COPD.
Operator dependent factors implicated in failure of non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) for respiratory failure
Authors: Bhatti Hammad , Ramdass Avinash , Cury James D. , Jones Lisa M. , Shujaat Adil , Louis Mariam , Seeram Vandana , Bajwa Abubakr A. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundNon‐invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation (NIPPV) is employed for the management of acute respiratory failure and studies have shown that it can prevent the need for endotracheal intubation, mechanical ventilation and associated complications. Given limited studies evaluating the factors, other than those related patient or underlying disease severity, that may lead to NIPPV failure, we performed this study to gain insight into current practices in terms of utilization of NIPPV and operator dependent factors that may possibly contribute to failure of NIPPV.MethodAfter institutional board review approval a retrospective chart review was performed of consecutive patients who were initiated on and failed NIPPV between January 2009 and December 2009. Data was recorded regarding baseline demographics, admission diagnosis, indications for NIPPV, presence of contraindications, type of NIPPV and initial settings, ABG analysis before and after initiation, whether a titration of the settings was performed or not, operator related factors that may have contributed to failure of NIPPV and clinical outcomes.ResultsAmong 1095 patients screened, 111 failed NIPPV. The mean age was 60 years with 59% males. The most frequent indication for initiating NIPPV was COPD exacerbation (N = 27) followed by pneumonia (N = 26). CPAP was used in 5(6%) patients. Median inspiratory positive airway pressure (IPAP) and expiratory positive airway pressure (EPAP) setting were 10 and 5 cm of H2O respectively. Three most common reasons for failure were an inappropriate indication (33%), Progression of underlying disease (30%) and lack of titration (23%). Overall mortality was 22%. Mortality was higher when NIPPV failure was seen among patients with an inappropriate indication or an overlooked contraindication compared to those with an appropriate indication (27% vs 17%).ConclusionsExcluding progression of underlying disease, operator dependent factors linked to NIPPV failure are; inappropriate indication, lack of adequate titration and an overlooked contraindication. Inappropriate utilization of NIPPV in respiratory failure is associated with higher mortality.
Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist exenatide has no acute effect on MRI‐measured exocrine pancreatic function in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial
Authors: Smits M. M. , Tonneijck L. , Muskiet M. H. A. , Kramer M. H. H. , Diamant M. , Pieters‐van den Bos I. C. , van Raalte D. H. , Cahen D. L. 
Published: December 2015

AimsTo investigate the effect of infusion of the glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) receptor agonist exenatide on exocrine pancreatic function.MethodsThis was a randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, crossover study in 12 male patients with type 2 diabetes, treated with oral glucose‐lowering agents. On two separate occasions, exenatide or placebo (saline 0.9%) were administered intravenously, in randomized order. Exocrine pancreatic function was measured using secretin‐enhanced magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography. The primary outcome measure was defined as secretin‐stimulated pancreatic excretion volume. Secondary outcome measures were maximum secretion speed and the time to reach this maximum. In addition, changes in pancreatic duct (PD) diameter were measured.ResultsExenatide did not change secretin‐stimulated pancreatic excretion volume, as compared with placebo (mean ± standard error of the mean 142.2 ± 15.6 ml vs 142.6 ± 8.5 ml, respectively; p = 0.590). Also, exenatide did not change the maximum secretion speed (33.1 ± 1.4 vs 36.9 ± 2.2; p = 0.221), nor the time to reach this maximum (both 4 min 30 s). No differences in PD diameter were observed between the two groups.ConclusionsInfusion of exenatide did not directly influence MRI‐measured exocrine pancreatic excretion in patients with type 2 diabetes. Although long‐term studies are warranted, these findings suggest that potential adverse pancreatic effects of GLP‐1 receptor agonists are not mediated by changes in exocrine pancreatic secretion.
Understanding continuous professional development participation and choice of mid‐career general dental practitioners
Authors: Brown T. , Wassif H. S. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractObjectiveParticipating in continuing professional development (CPD) activities is a requirement for dental practitioners to keep their skills and knowledge up to date. Understanding the ways dental practitioners engage with professional development and the impact on practice is not fully known (Eaton et al. 2011, http://www.gdc-uk.org/Aboutus/policy/Documents/Impact%20Of%20CPD%20In%20Dentistry.pdf). The aim of this study was to gain insights into the ways that dentists reflect on their professional development and what may be influencing their choices.MethodEmpirical qualitative data were collected by semi‐structured interviewing of five mid‐career dentists. Using grounded theory, the data were analysed for themes about CPD choice and participation.ResultsThree themes were identified as influences to dentists’ choices of CPD with pragmatic considerations of how new learning could benefit their patients and their practices. Dental practitioners were influenced by the requirements of external regulatory bodies which they did not consider to necessarily improve practice.ConclusionDentists working in primary care in the UK are undertaking CPD which is influenced by the pragmatic requirements of running a small business and to meet regulatory requirements. In this sample, dentists are not critically reflecting on their education needs when choosing their CPD activity. Protected learning time and organisational feedback and support are recommended as a way to promote more meaningful reflection on learning and to improve professional development.
Studies of elastic and elastic–plastic J integral for mixed mode cracked plate under biaxial loading
Authors: Miao X.‐T. , Zhou C.‐Y. , Li J. , He X.‐H. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAnalyses of I–II mixed mode central cracked plate by finite element method are performed in this paper, and some different phenomena are found. First for I–II mixed mode crack, the distribution of J integral along crack tip thickness depends on biaxiality factors because of the existence of vertex (corner) singularity, which is unlike that for mode I or mode II crack. Then J integrals at middle layer keep constant for any cracked plates with different inclined angles β when the biaxiality ratio is equal to 1 or −1, which implies that the inclined angle or the extent of I–II mixed mode has no effect on the J integral for positive or negative equal axial loading conditions. And the decreasing trend of J integral with the inclined angle β for biaxiality ratio λ being between−1 and 1 is just opposite with that for biaxiality ratio λ being larger than 1 and smaller than −1. Finally, proposed h1 (a/W, n, λ, β) of cracked plate with different inclined angles under different biaxial loading are calculated.