bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The American Cancer Society National Lung Cancer Roundtable strategic plan: Advancing comprehensive biomarker testing in non–small cell lung cancer
Authors: Fox Adam H. , Osarogiagbon Raymond U. , Farjah Farhood , Jett James R. , Johnson Bruce E. , Rivera M. Patricia , Smith Robert A. , Wistuba Ignacio I. , Silvestri Gerard A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractComprehensive biomarker testing is a crucial requirement for the optimal treatment of advanced‐stage non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with emerging relevance in the adjuvant treatment setting. To advance its goal of ensuring optimal therapy for persons diagnosed with lung cancer, the American Cancer Society National Lung Cancer Roundtable (ACS NLCRT) held The Summit on Optimizing Lung Cancer Biomarkers in Practice in September 2020 to align its partners toward the goal of ensuring comprehensive biomarker testing for all eligible patients with NSCLC. The ACS NLCRT's Strategic Plan for Advancing Comprehensive Biomarker Testing in NSCLC, a product of the summit, comprises actions to promote comprehensive biomarker testing for all eligible patients. The approach is multifaceted, including policy‐level advocacy and the development and dissemination of targeted educational materials, clinical decision tools, and guides to patients, physicians, and payers aimed at ameliorating barriers to testing experienced by each of these groups.Plain language summary

The ACS NLCRT works to improve care for patients with lung cancer.
The ACS NLCRT supports comprehensive biomarker testing as essential to determine treatment options for all eligible patients with non–small cell lung cancer.
Many factors lead to some patients not receiving optimal biomarker testing.
The ACS NLCRT held a collaborative summit and developed a strategic plan to achieve and promote comprehensive biomarker testing for all patients.
These plans include developing educational materials and physician tools and advocating for national policies in support of biomarker testing.
The American Cancer Society National Lung Cancer Roundtable strategic plan: Optimizing strategies for lung nodule evaluation and management
Authors: Barta Julie A. , Farjah Farhood , Thomson Carey Conley , Dyer Debra S. , Wiener Renda Soylemez , Slatore Christopher G. , Smith‐Bindman Rebecca , Rosenthal Lauren S. , Silvestri Gerard A. , Smith Robert A. , Gould Michael K. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLung nodules are frequently detected on low‐dose computed tomography scans performed for lung cancer screening and incidentally detected on imaging performed for other reasons. There is wide variability in how lung nodules are managed by general practitioners and subspecialists, with high rates of guideline‐discordant care. This may be due in part to the level of evidence underlying current practice guideline recommendations (primarily based on findings from uncontrolled studies of diagnostic accuracy). The primary aims of lung nodule management are to minimize harms of diagnostic evaluations while expediting the evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of lung cancer. Potentially useful tools such as lung cancer probability calculators, automated methods to identify patients with nodules in the electronic health record, and multidisciplinary team evaluation are often underused due to limited availability, accessibility, and/or provider knowledge. Finally, relatively little attention has been paid to identifying and reducing disparities among individuals with screening‐detected or incidentally detected lung nodules. This contribution to the American Cancer Society National Lung Cancer Roundtable Strategic Plan aims to identify and describe these knowledge gaps in lung nodule management and propose recommendations to advance clinical practice and research. Major themes that are addressed include improving the quality of evidence supporting lung nodule evaluation guidelines, strategically leveraging information technology, and placing emphasis on equitable approaches to nodule management. The recommendations outlined in this strategic plan, when carried out through interdisciplinary efforts with a focus on health equity, ultimately aim to improve early detection and reduce the morbidity and mortality of lung cancer.Plain Language Summary

Lung nodules may be identified on chest scans of individuals who undergo lung cancer screening (screening‐detected nodules) or among patients for whom a scan was performed for another reason (incidental nodules).
Although the vast majority of lung nodules are not lung cancer, it is important to have evidence‐based, standardized approaches to the evaluation and management of a lung nodule.
The primary aims of lung nodule management are to diagnose lung cancer while it is still in an early stage and to avoid unnecessary procedures and other harms.
Nanoparticle Formulations for the Improvement of Symptomatic Treatments of Neurodegenerative Disorders
Authors: Boyton India , Rennie Claire , Collins‐Praino Lyndsey E. , Care Andrew 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNeuronanomedicine merges nanotechnology and neuroscience in the pursuit of engineering therapeutic interventions for neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). While no nanoparticle‐based drug delivery systems (NDDSs) are yet approved for use for targeting the central nervous system, this review critically analyses the development of NDDSs for the improvement of currently approved therapeutics for the symptomatic treatment of AD and PD. It showcases how NDDSs can help therapeutic payloads overcome existing limitations, such as insufficient drug accumulation in the brain and limited effectiveness, by enhancing their pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, brain penetration and accumulation, and overall therapeutic efficacy through drug encapsulation, manipulation of nanoparticle properties, and nanoparticle surface functionalisation. However, we also draw attention to widespread issues in the field that impede progress, including the poor selection of in vitro models and the inadequate design of pre‐clinical in vivo studies. We further advocate for greater standardisation of study design and reporting requirements in the future, which would likely enhance outcomes and expedite the translation of neuronanomedicines.
Influence of the Fe(II) Spin State on Iron‐Ligand Bonds in Heme Model Iron‐Porphyrin Complexes with 4, 5 and 6 Ligands
Authors: Shitov Daniil A. , Kaplanskiy Mark V. , Tupikina Elena Yu. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this work heme models with four [Fe(II)(P)], five [Fe(II)(P)Im], [Fe(II)(P)O2] and six ligands [Fe(II)(P)(Im)O2], where P=porphyrin, with different spin states (ms=5, 3 and 1) of the iron atom were investigated using relativistic‐corrected quantum chemistry methods (PW6B95‐D3‐DKH/jorge‐TZP‐DKH). Dependence of the iron‐ligand bond properties on (i) spin state and (ii) number of ligands were analyzed using natural bond orbital analysis, electron density topology, electrostatic potential and electron localization function. It is shown that reversible binding of O2 is possible in case of formation of semicoordination bond between Fe(II) and imidazole. Binding of the fifth and sixth ligand from the energetic and orbital points of view is more favorable for the triplet Fe(II) state. At the same time for the six‐coordinated complex [Fe(II)(P)(Im)O2] interconversion of Fe(II) electrons of valent 3d orbital from quintet to triplet and vice versa is possible under thermal fluctuations (energy barriers less than 2 kcal/mol).
Effect of Interfacial Electric Field on 2D Metal/Graphene Electrocatalysts for CO2 Reduction Reaction
Authors: Cho Jinwon , Alamgir Faisal M. , Jang Seung Soon 
Published: September 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the influence of local electric fields on electrochemical reactions is crucial for designing highly selective electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction reactions (CO2RR). In this study, we provide a theoretical investigation of the effect of the local electric field induced by the negative‐biased electrode and cations in the electrolyte on the energetics and reaction kinetics of CO2RR on 2D hybrid metal/graphene electrocatalysts. Our findings reveal that the electronic structures of the CO2 molecule undergo substantial modification, resulting in the increased adsorption energy of CO2 on metal/graphene structures, thus reducing the initial barrier of the CO2RR mechanism. This field‐assisted CO2RR mechanism promotes CO production while suppressing HCOOH production. Our findings highlight the potential of manipulating electric fields to tailor the pathways of CO2RR, providing new avenues designing selective electrocatalysts.
Patterns of early embryogenesis and growth in the olfactory system of chick (Gallus gallus domesticus) based on iodine‐enhanced micro‐computed tomography
Authors: Hogan Aneila V. C. , Cerio Donald G. , Bever Gabriel S. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe vertebrate olfactory system entails a complex set of neural/support structures that bridge morphogenetic regions. The developmental mechanisms coordinating this bridge remain unclear, even for model organisms such as chick, Gallus gallus. Here, we combine previous growth data on the chick olfactory apparatus with new samples targeting its early embryogenesis. The purpose is to illuminate how early developmental dynamics integrate with scaling relationships to produce adult form and, potentially, evolutionary patterns. Olfactory structures, including epithelium, turbinate, nerve, and olfactory bulb, are considered in the context of neighboring nasal and brain structures.ResultsAxonal outgrowth from the olfactory epithelium, which eventually connects receptor neurons with the brain, begins earlier than previously established. This dynamic marks the beginning of a complex pattern of early differential growth wherein the olfactory bulbs scale with positive allometry relative to both brain volume and turbinate area, which in turn scale isometrically with one another.ConclusionsThe mechanisms driving observed patterns of organogenesis and growth remain unclear awaiting experimental evidence. We discuss competing hypotheses, including the possibility that broad‐based isometry of olfactory components reflects constraints imposed by high levels of functional/structural integration. Such integration would include the frontonasal prominence having a strong influence on telencephalic patterning.
Herbivore regulation of savanna vegetation: Structural complexity, diversity, and the complexity–diversity relationship
Authors: Coverdale Tyler C. , Boucher Peter B. , Singh Jenia , Palmer Todd M. , Goheen Jacob R. , Pringle Robert M. , Davies Andrew B. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLarge mammalian herbivores exert strong top‐down control on plants, which in turn influence most ecological processes. Accordingly, the decline, displacement, or extinction of wild large herbivores in African savannas is expected to alter the physical structure of vegetation, the diversity of plant communities, and downstream ecosystem functions. However, herbivore impacts on vegetation comprise both direct and indirect effects and often depend on herbivore body size and plant type. Understanding how herbivores affect savanna vegetation requires disaggregating the effects of different herbivores and the responses of different plants, as well as accounting for both the structural complexity and composition of plant assemblages. We combined high‐resolution Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) with field measurements from size‐selective herbivore exclosures in Kenya to determine how herbivores affect the diversity and physical structure of vegetation, how these impacts vary with body size and plant type, and whether there are predictable associations between plant diversity and structural complexity. Herbivores generally reduced the diversity and abundance of both overstory and understory plants, though the magnitude of these impacts varied substantially as a function of body size and plant type: only megaherbivores (elephants and giraffes) affected tree cover, whereas medium‐ and small‐bodied herbivores had stronger effects on herbaceous diversity and abundance. We also found evidence that herbivores altered the strength and direction of interactions between trees and herbaceous plants, with signatures of facilitation in the presence of herbivores and of competition in their absence. While megaherbivores uniquely affected tree structure, medium‐ and small‐bodied species had stronger (and complementary) effects on metrics of herbaceous vegetation structure. Plant structural responses to herbivore exclusion were species‐specific: of five dominant tree species, just three exhibited significant individual morphological variation across exclosure treatments, and the size class of herbivores responsible for these effects varied across species. Irrespective of exclosure treatment, more species‐rich plant communities were more structurally complex. We conclude that the diversity and architecture of savanna vegetation depend on consumptive and nonconsumptive plant–herbivore interactions; the roles of herbivore diversity, body size, and plant traits in mediating those interactions; and a positive feedback between plant diversity and structural complexity.
Germination responses to changing rainfall timing reveal potential climate vulnerability in a clade of wildflowers
Authors: Worthy Samantha J. , Miller Arquel , Ashlock Sarah R. , Ceviker Eda , Maloof Julin N. , Strauss Sharon Y. , Schmitt Johanna , Gremer Jennifer R. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe seasonal timing of life history transitions is often critical to fitness, and many organisms rely upon environmental cues to match life cycle events with favorable conditions. In plants, the timing of seed germination is mediated by seasonal cues such as rainfall and temperature. Variation in cue responses among species can reflect evolutionary processes and adaptation to local climate and can affect vulnerability to changing conditions. Indeed, climate change is altering the timing of precipitation, and germination responses to such change can have consequences for individual fitness, population dynamics, and species distributions. Here, we assessed responses to the seasonal timing of germination‐triggering rains for eleven species spanning the Streptanthus/Caulanthus clade (Brassicaceae). To do so, we experimentally manipulated the onset date of rainfall events, measured effects on germination fraction, and evaluated whether responses were constrained by evolutionary relationships across the phylogeny. We then explored the possible consequences of these responses to contemporary shifts in precipitation timing. Germination fractions decreased with later onset of rains and cooler temperatures for all but three Caulanthus species. Species' germination responses to the timing of rainfall and seasonal temperatures were phylogenetically constrained, with Caulanthus species appearing less responsive. Further, four species are likely already experiencing significant decreases in germination fractions with observed climate change, which has shifted the timing of rainfall towards the cooler, winter months in California. Overall, our findings emphasize the sensitivity of germination to seasonal conditions, underscore the importance of interacting environmental cues, and highlight vulnerability to shifting precipitation patterns with climate change, particularly in more northern, mesic species.
Women Suffered More Than Men Both During and After the COVID‐19 Pandemic—A Cross‐Sectional Study Among 29,079 Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Ueland Grethe Åstrøm , Ernes Tony , Madsen Tone Vonheim , Sandberg Sverre , Åsvold Bjørn Olav , Løvaas Karianne Fjeld , Cooper John Graham 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo investigate the gender differences and the disparities between infected and noninfected patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) regarding patient‐reported experiences during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Norway.MethodRegister study using questionnaires sent electronically to patients with T2D, June 2022. The questionnaire included 82 questions covering COVID‐19 disease, symptoms, medications, comorbidities, hospital care, possibility of working from home and information received from health authorities. Clinical and demographic data were collected from the Norwegian diabetes registry for adults.ResultsA total of 29,079 T2D patients participated, of whom 38.1% were women. Patients infected with COVID‐19 were younger, had shorter diabetes duration and less comorbidities than noninfected (p < 0.01). Women reported significantly more anxiety, depression and fear of not getting their diabetes medication than men did. Most patients were vaccinated against COVID‐19 (98.3%), whereas approximately 60% had received seasonal flu vaccine, and only 27.2% the pneumococcal vaccine. Women described more vaccine adverse effects and long Covid symptoms. Overall, 14% experienced vaccine complications and 27.3% of infected individuals reported long Covid symptoms. 2.4% of the infected patients needed hospital admission. Patients were satisfied with the follow‐up of their diabetes, and with information from the government during the pandemic.ConclusionFemale patients were more likely to experience a prolonged Covid course, and higher degree of adverse effects from the COVID‐19 vaccine than male patients. Also, long Covid symptoms were significantly more often reported among female patients, while men were more prone to be hospitalised when infected. Hospitalised patients, both men and women, had significantly higher HbA1C than those who were not hospitalised. T2D patients had a surprisingly low pneumococcal vaccination coverage, despite recommendations in national guidelines.
Association between appendicular skeletal muscle mass and myocardial glucose uptake measured by 18F‐FDG PET
Authors: Kim Young‐eun , Kim Dongwoo , Kim Jiwon , Yun Mijin , Kang Eun Seok 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundLow muscle mass is associated with high insulin resistance and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. This study aims to determine whether low muscle mass affects the alterations in myocardial substrate metabolism that are associated with the development of cardiovascular disease.MethodThe study included 299 individuals (182 men and 117 women) who underwent examination at the Severance Health Check‐up Center between January 2018 and February 2019. Myocardial glucose uptake was assessed using [18F]‐fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography (18F‐FDG PET/CT) scanning. Direct segmental bioimpedance analysis was used to measure appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM).ResultsWe analysed men and women separately owing to sex‐related body composition differences. ASM/Ht2 was significantly positively correlated with myocardial glucose uptake measured by 18F‐FDG PET/CT [ln (SUVheart/liver)] only in men (r = 0.154, P = 0.038 in men; r = −0.042, P = 0.652 in women, respectively). In men, myocardial glucose uptake was significantly associated with ASM/Ht2 even after adjusting for multiple confounders in a multivariable linear regression model (standardized β = 0.397, P = 0.004, in men; β = − 0.051, P = 0.698, in women). In women, age (β = −0.424 P = 0.029) was independent determinants of myocardial glucose uptake.ConclusionsIn men, ASM was strongly associated with myocardial glucose uptake as measured by 18F‐FDG PET/CT. In women, age was significantly correlated with myocardial substrate utilization, but not with ASM.
Efficient Hydroboration of Ketones and Imines Using Amidophosphine‐Borane Under Catalyst‐Free Conditions
Authors: Meher Rohan Kumar , Kumar Ravi , Sau Abhijit , Panda Tarun K. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe report here the use of amidophosphine borane {(BH₃)₂(PPh)₂N(CH₂)C₆H₅} as a competent reducing agent for the hydroboration of ketones and imines under mild and catalyst‐free reaction conditions yielding the corresponding secondary alcohols and secondary amines after aqueous work. Solid amidophosphine boranes, which are easy to synthesize, and easy to handle demonstrated excellent reactivity and functional group tolerance toward a wide variety of ketones and imines, including aromatic, heteroaromatic, and aliphatic derivatives with electron‐withdrawing and electron‐donating substitutions, thus showing excellent chemoselectivity.
A pore network modeling approach to bridge void ratio‐dependent soil water retention and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity curves
Authors: Mirghafari Rasoul , Sajjadian Seyed Sajjad , Nikooee Ehsan , Habibagahi Ghassem , Raoof Amir 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn geotechnical engineering, understanding the relationship between soil permeability and deformation is essential, particularly for applications like earth dams, where compaction‐induced permeability reduction is crucial for performance optimization. In unsaturated soils, soil moisture content significantly impacts hydraulic conductivity. Traditionally, changes in unsaturated hydraulic conductivity have been linked to soil void ratios. However, a pore network modeling perspective reveals the significance of structural parameters, such as pore and throat size distribution and pore coordination number. This study introduces a pore network model to estimate unsaturated hydraulic conductivity based on void ratio‐dependent soil‐water retention curves. It examines how soil deformation at varying stress levels affects structural parameters and the water phase continuity. The model shows strong potential in predicting unsaturated hydraulic conductivity across different stress levels, aligning well with experimental data and established equations. Notably, the aspect ratio and coordination number parameters are most affected by stress levels. The study also presents relationships to describe changes in pore network structural parameters with soil void ratio, which can be used to predict soil‐water retention curves and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity at various stress levels.
Quantification of m6A RNA modification in Caenorhabditis elegans by LC‐MS
Authors: Lin Shiye 
Published: September 2024

AbstractN6‐methyladenosine (m6A), one of the most abundant RNA modifications, has been found to be present in RNA in various life forms and plays a crucial regulatory role in gene expression. Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) is a unique model organism with abundant m6A modifications. To analyze and understand the function of m6A in C. elegans, mass spectrometry is preferred because of its remarkable sensitivity and accuracy in detecting modified nucleosides. Here, we present a protocol for quantifying adenosine and m6A levels in C. elegans RNA. Using nucleases and phosphatases, we digested RNA into nucleosides and then quantified it using liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC–MS).