bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Internal tide pools” prolong kelp forest hypoxic events
Authors: Leary Paul R. , Woodson C. Brock , Squibb Michael E. , Denny Mark W. , Monismith Stephen G. , Micheli Fiorenza 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis study uses field observations within a single kelp bed in southern Monterey Bay, California, to evaluate the retention of cold, hypoxic water within depressions in the rocky reef following relaxation of internal wave events. Just as tide pools in the rocky intertidal zone persist in depressions following the relaxation of surface waves and tides, “internal tide pools” persist in depressions in the subtidal reef following the relaxation of internal waves. When internal waves contain low dissolved oxygen (DO) water, the duration of hypoxic events can be extended for organisms within the pooling zone. Additionally, we suggest that internal wave run‐up can cause the early arrival of cold hypoxic water in these same areas, thereby extending hypoxic events further. Together, internal tide pools and wave run‐up extend event durations by 20% on average. However, some events are extended up to 160% of the regional‐scale event length, which may be more ecologically relevant than the mean extension. When internal waves contain other environmental covariates (e.g., low pH, nutrients), internal tide pools are expected to create a similar time extension and patchy landscape in these quantities. We attribute the slowing of the relaxation of sub‐thermocline water within pooling zones to retention within the reef itself rather than a drag effect of the kelp bed. Following hypoxic internal bores, internal tide pools cause a period of extreme spatial variability in the DO and temperature field which is likely to impact the distribution and behavior of local organisms.
Pressure and temperature control system and module with digital image correlation for strain monitoring
Authors: Marinho E. P. , Batalha G. F. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis work presents the full development of a superplastic bulge forming press which contains an in situ and real time pressure and temperature control systems, as well as a deformation monitoring module that applies digital image correlation technique. The press can achieve optimum superplastic forming conditions supported by dedicated instrumentation and control of the parameters that characterize the superplastic forming process; these parameters are pressure, temperature and strain rate. The following topics discussed are design and construction of the press that meets the project requirements; Press instrumentation and control system implementation. The application and development of the control system in biaxial forming process involves the selection of forming conditions, pressure cycle determination and implementation of dedicated controls, besides methods for calculating important coefficients. With the referred instrumentation, it is possible to determine these coefficients from biaxial tests, rather than simply using the uniaxial tensile tests coefficients. A Ti6Al4V alloy fluid static superplastic biaxial test was performed, controlled around its optimum condition.
Mechanical behavior of a Ti‐6Al‐4 V titanium alloy with microstructural evolution modeling under hot and superplastic conditions
Authors: dos Santos M. W. , Velay V. , Vidal V. , Bernhart G. , Batalha G. F. , Matsumoto H. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe present work aims at evaluating and understanding the mechanical behavior of a Ti‐6Al‐4 V alloy under hot and superplastic forming conditions. Tensile tests were performed at temperature range from 650 °C to 950 °C, at strain rates between 10‐2 s‐1 and 10‐4 s‐1. Three equiaxed microstructures, each characterized by a different starting grain size (4.9 μm, 3.0 μm and 0.5 μm), are compared to better understand the microstructural evolutions under hot and superplastic forming conditions and their influence on the mechanical behavior. Hence, an accurate model with microstructural considerations is proposed. The model capabilities consider the grain size evolution that is influenced by the temperature and deformation. The computed flow stresses strongly depend on the strain rate and on the considered initial grain size. Temperature and strain rate conditions may lead to a strain hardening phenomenon in some cases. The comparison between the model response and experiment shows a good agreement for all the tests carried out on Ti‐6Al‐4 V.
Functional oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) imaging with turbo gradient spin echo QUIXOTIC (Turbo QUIXOTIC)
Authors: Stout Jeffrey N. , Adalsteinsson Elfar , Rosen Bruce R. , Bolar Divya S. 
Published: October 2017

PurposeQUantitative Imaging of eXtraction of Oxygen and TIssue Consumption (QUIXOTIC) is a recent technique that measures voxel‐wise oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) but suffers from long scan times, limiting its application. We implemented multiecho QUIXOTIC dubbed turbo QUIXOTIC (tQUIXOTIC) that reduces scan time eightfold and then applied it in functional MRI.MethodstQUIXOTIC utilizes a novel turbo gradient spin echo readout enabling measurement of venular blood transverse relaxation rate in a single tag‐control acquisition. Using tQUIXOTIC, we estimated cortical gray matter (GM) OEF, created voxel‐by‐voxel GM OEF maps, and quantified changes in visual cortex OEF during a blocked design flashing checkerboard visual stimulus. Contamination from cerebrospinal fluid partial volume averaging was estimated and corrected.ResultsThe average cortical GM OEF was estimated as 0.38 ± 0.06 (n = 8) using a 3.4‐min acquisition. The average OEF in the visual cortex was estimated as 0.43 ± 0.04 at baseline and 0.35 ± 0.05 during activation, with an average %ΔOEF of −20%. These values are consistent with those of past studies.ConclusiontQUIXOTIC successfully estimated cortical GM OEF in clinical scan times and detected changes in OEF during blocked design visual stimulation. tQUIXOTIC will be useful to monitor regional OEF clinically and in blocked design or event‐related functional MRI experiments. Magn Reson Med 79:2713–2723, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
EPR monitoring of wound oxygenation as a biomarker of response to gene therapy encoding hCAP‐18/LL37 peptide
Authors: Desmet Céline M. , Vandermeulen Gaëlle , Bouzin Caroline , Lam Martin C. , Préat Véronique , Levêque Philippe , Gallez Bernard 
Published: October 2017

PurposeTo investigate the value of electron paramagnetic resonance oximetry to follow oxygenation in wounds treated by a plasmid‐encoding host defense peptide hCAP‐18/LL37.MethodsFlaps were created on diabetic mice (7‐ or 12‐week‐old db/db mice) presenting different levels of microangiopathy. The hCAP‐18/LL37‐encoding plasmids were administered in wounds by electroporation. Low‐frequency electron paramagnetic resonance oximetry using lithium phthalocyanine as the oxygen sensor was used to monitor wound oxygenation in flaps during the healing process. Flaps were analyzed by immunohistochemistry to assess hypoxia and cell proliferation. Kinetics of closure was also assessed in excisional skin wounds.ResultsA reoxygenation of the flap was observed during the healing process in the 7‐week‐old db/db treated mice, but not in the untreated mice and the 12‐week‐old mice. Histological studies demonstrated less hypoxic regions and higher proportion of proliferating cells in hCAP‐18/LL37‐treated flaps in the 7‐week‐old db/db treated mice compared with untreated mice. Consistently, the kinetics of excisional wound closure was improved by hCAP‐18/LL37 treatment in the 7‐week‐old db/db but not in the 12‐week‐old mice.ConclusionsOxygenation measured by electron paramagnetic resonance oximetry is a promising biomarker of response to treatments designed to modulate wound oxygenation. Magn Reson Med 79:3267–3273, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Comparison of Methods for Analyzing Human Adipose Tissue Macrophage Content
Authors: Morgan‐Bathke Maria , Harteneck Debra , Jaeger Philippa , Sondergaard Esben , Karwoski Ron , Espinosa De Ycaza Ana , Carranza‐Leon B. Gisella , Faubion William A. , Oliveira Andre M. , Jensen Michael D. 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveThe relationship between inflammation, obesity, and adverse metabolic conditions is associated with adipose tissue macrophages (ATM). This study compared the measurements of human ATM using flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) of ATM markers.MethodsA new software program (AMCounter) was evaluated to help measure ATM using IHC, and this was compared to flow cytometry and RT‐PCR.ResultsIHC had good intraindividual reproducibility for total (CD68), proinflammatory (CD14), and anti‐inflammatory (CD206) ATM. The AMCounter improved interreader agreement and was more time efficient. Flow cytometry had acceptable intraindividual reproducibility for the percentage of CD68+ cells that were CD14+ or CD206+, but not for ATMs per gram of tissue. ATMs per gram of tissue was much greater using IHC than flow cytometry. The flow cytometry and IHC measures of ATM from the same biopsies were not correlated. There were statistically significant correlations between RT‐PCR CD68 and IHC CD68, CD14, and CD206 ATMs per 100 adipocytes. Also of interest were statistically significant correlations between RT‐PCR CD68 and IHC CD68, CD14, and adipose flow cytometry measures of CD68+, CD68+/CD14+, and CD68+/CD206+ ATMs per gram of tissue.ConclusionsThe AMCounter software helps provide reproducible and efficient measures of IHC ATMs. Flow cytometry, IHC, and RT‐PCR measures of adipose inflammation provide somewhat different information.
Patterns of Eating Disorder Pathology are Associated with Weight Change in Family‐Based Behavioral Obesity Treatment
Authors: Balantekin Katherine N. , Hayes Jacqueline F. , Sheinbein Daniel H. , Kolko Rachel P. , Stein Richard I. , Saelens Brian E. , Hurst Kelly Theim , Welch R. Robinson , Perri Michael G. , Schechtman Kenneth B. , Epstein Leonard H. , Wilfley Denise E. 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveChildren with overweight or obesity have elevated eating disorder (ED) pathology, which may increase their risk for clinical EDs. The current study identified patterns of ED pathology in children with overweight or obesity entering family‐based behavioral weight loss treatment (FBT) and examined whether children with distinct patterns differed in their ED pathology and BMI z score (zBMI) change across FBT.MethodsBefore participating in a 16‐session FBT, children (N = 241) completed surveys or interviews assessing ED pathology (emotional eating, shape/weight/eating concerns, restraint, and loss of control [LOC]). Shape and weight concerns (SWC) and LOC were also assessed post treatment. Child height and weight were measured at baseline and post treatment. Latent class analysis identified patterns of ED pathology. Repeated‐measures ANOVA examined changes in zBMI and ED pathology.ResultsFour patterns of ED pathology were identified: low ED pathology, SWC, only loss of control, and high ED pathology. SWC decreased across treatment, with the highest decreases in patterns characterized by high SWC. All groups experienced significant decreases in zBMI; however, children with the highest ED pathology did not achieve clinically significant weight loss.ConclusionsED pathology decreased after FBT, decreasing ED risk. While all children achieved zBMI reductions, further research is needed to enhance outcomes for children with high ED pathology.
Measuring the boundaries of America's permanent campaign
Authors: Alaimo Kara 
Published: October 2017

This research measures the boundaries of the “permanent campaign” practiced by spokespeople for the United States government.Scholars have accused modern White House communications staff of conducting a permanent campaign by prioritizing presidential public opinion ratings over good governance. However, researchers have not previously measured whether this campaign is conducted exclusively from the White House, or if government agencies are also involved—dramatically increasing the potential scale and scope of the campaign.The researcher conducted a rare set of interviews with public affairs officers who worked for the Treasury Department during the administrations of Presidents Obama and George W. Bush to find out whether they utilize public opinion ratings in their work and whether they attempt to play to the emotions, rather than the reason, of the American people.This study finds that the Treasury is not conducting a permanent campaign.The results demonstrate that the campaign is not practiced in a cabinet agency critical to presidential political fortunes and reelection prospects, suggesting that it is likely confined to the White House.
Registries supporting new drug applications
Authors: Jonker Carla J. , van den Berg H. Marijke , Kwa Marcel S.G. , Hoes Arno W. , Mol Peter G.M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPurposeKnowledge of the benefits and risks of new drugs is incomplete at the time of marketing approval. Registries offer the possibility for additional, post‐approval, data collection. For all new drugs, which were approved in the European Union between 2007 and 2010, we reviewed the frequency, the type, and the reason for requiring a registry.MethodsThe European Public Assessment Reports, published on the website of the European Medicine Agency, were reviewed for drugs approved by the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use. We searched for key characteristics of these drugs, including therapeutic area (ATC1 level), level of innovation (the score is an algorithm based on availability of treatment and therapeutic effect), and procedural characteristics. In addition, we identified if these registries were defined by disease (disease registry) or exposure to a single drug (drug registry).ResultsOut of 116 new drugs approved in the predefined period, for 43 (37%), 1 to 6 registry studies were identified, with a total of 73 registries. Of these 46 were disease registries and 27 (single) drug registries. For 9 drugs, the registry was a specific obligation imposed by the regulators. The level of innovation and the orphan status of the drugs were determinants positively predicting post‐approval registries (OR 10.3 [95% CI 1.0‐103.9] and OR 2.8 [95% CI 1.0‐7.5], respectively).ConclusionsThe majority of registries required by regulators are existing disease registries. Registries are an important and frequently used tool for post‐approval data collection for orphan and innovative drugs.
Pacific lamprey recolonization of a Pacific Northwest river following dam removal
Authors: Jolley J.C. , Silver G.S. , Harris J.E. , Whitesel T.A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractRecolonization of Pacific lampreys Entosphenus tridentatus into historically used freshwater habitats in the United States Pacific Northwest was evaluated in the White Salmon River basin after removal of Condit Dam. Pacific lamprey population declines are of concern, and passage barrier removal is often recommended for conservation. Condit Dam on the White Salmon River in Washington was a complete barrier to fish migrating upstream for nearly 100 years, was breached in 2011, and was removed by 2012. Distribution of larval Pacific lampreys was estimated before and after removal of Condit Dam using either backpack or deepwater electrofishing. Larval detection probabilities were calculated for the basin, and sample efforts were refined to ensure at least 80% confidence that larvae were absent when not detected. Pacific lampreys were not present upstream of Condit Dam before it was removed but were present in areas downstream of the dam. After dam removal, Pacific lamprey larvae were collected upstream of the former dam site from four reaches of the mainstem White Salmon River, indicating a recent recolonization event. Pacific lampreys were absent from the river mouth area before the dam was removed but were found in newly created habitat at the mouth after dam removal. Pacific lampreys naturally recolonized the White Salmon River basin within a few years after dam removal. Removing dams and providing passage opportunity can allow Pacific lampreys to distribute into vacant areas and may help reverse population declines.
Microcystin‐LR disrupts insulin signaling by hyperphosphorylating insulin receptor substrate 1 and glycogen synthase
Authors: Liu Jinghui , Xu Chun , Zhang Shaofeng , Li Haoyan , Chen Kele , Huang Pu , Guo Zonglou , Xu Lihong 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMicrocystin‐LR (MC‐LR) is a cyanobacteria‐derived heptapeptide that has been commonly characterized as a hepatotoxin. Although the liver is a primary organ in glucose homeostasis, the effect of MC‐LR on glucose metabolism remains unclear. In this study, the human liver cell line HL7702 and ICR mice were exposed to various concentrations of MC‐LR for 24 h, and the proteins involved in insulin signaling were investigated. The results showed that MC‐LR treatment induced the hyperphosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) at several serine sites, S307, S323, S636/639, and S1101 in HL7702 cells, and S302, S318, S632/635, and S1097 in mice livers. In addition, the activation of S6K1 was demonstrated to play an important role in MC‐LR‐induced IRS1 hyperphosphorylation at several serine sites. Decreased levels of total IRS1 were observed in the mice livers, but there was no significant change in HL7702 cells. MC‐LR also induced glycogen synthase (GS) hyperphosphorylation at S641 (inactivating GS) both in vitro and in vivo, even glycogen synthase kinase 3, a well‐known GS kinase, was inactivated after MC‐LR treatment. Moreover, MC‐LR could block insulin‐induced GS activation. In addition, glucose transport in liver cells was not impacted by MC‐LR either with or without insulin stimulation. Our study implies that MC‐LR can interfere with the actions of IRS1 and GS in insulin signaling and may have a toxic effect on glucose metabolism in the liver.
Learning to Queer Text: Epiphanies From a Family Critical Literacy Practice
Authors: McClung Nicola A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractCritical literacy provides the opportunity to queer picture books and challenge normative depictions of family. In this autoethnography, the author describes her 4‐year‐old's journey of learning to talk back to texts as she actively constructs a better, more just world. The author argues that a critical literacy tool kit is vital to every child's first experiences with books. Implications for classroom teaching are discussed.
RNA uridylation: a key posttranscriptional modification shaping the coding and noncoding transcriptome
Authors: De Almeida Caroline , Scheer Hélène , Zuber Hélène , Gagliardi Dominique 
Published: October 2017

RNA uridylation is a potent and widespread posttranscriptional regulator of gene expression. RNA uridylation has been detected in a range of eukaryotes including trypanosomes, animals, plants, and fungi, but with the noticeable exception of budding yeast. Virtually all classes of eukaryotic RNAs can be uridylated and uridylation can also tag viral RNAs. The untemplated addition of a few uridines at the 3′ end of a transcript can have a decisive impact on RNA’s fate. In rare instances, uridylation is an intrinsic step in the maturation of noncoding RNAs like for the U6 spliceosomal RNA or mitochondrial guide RNAs in trypanosomes. Uridylation can also switch specific miRNA precursors from a degradative to a processing mode. This switch depends on the number of uridines added which is regulated by the cellular context. Yet, the typical consequence of uridylation on mature noncoding RNAs or their precursors is to accelerate decay. Importantly, mRNAs are also tagged by uridylation. In fact, the advent of novel high throughput sequencing protocols has recently revealed the pervasiveness of mRNA uridylation, from plants to humans. As for noncoding RNAs, the main function to date for mRNA uridylation is to promote degradation. Yet, additional roles begin to be ascribed to U‐tailing such as the control of mRNA deadenylation, translation control and possibly storage. All these new findings illustrate that we are just beginning to appreciate the diversity of roles played by RNA uridylation and its full temporal and spatial implication in regulating gene expression. WIREs RNA 2018, 9:e1440. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1440This article is categorized under:

RNA Processing > 3′ End Processing
RNA Processing > RNA Editing and Modification
RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Turnover/Surveillance Mechanisms
Derivation and verification of a lattice model for bending vibration of a plate
Authors: van Vliet Renate , Metrikine Andrei V. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractLattice models are successfully used in modelling of fracture of brittle materials. To date, most of the lattice multi‐dimensional (2D and 3D) models known to the authors describe either in‐plane or three‐dimensional mechanics of the materials. Only a few lattice models are available in the literature for the description of the out‐of‐plane mechanics of plates. However, the parameters of those lattice models have not been linked to those of the classical plate models, such as Mindlin‐Reissner plate theory, based on the classical continuum theory. Nor has the dynamic behaviour of the out‐of‐plane lattice models been compared to that of the classical plates. This gap is closed in this paper by means of developing a lattice model that reproduces the out‐of‐plane dynamics of a shear‐deformable plate in the low frequency band. The developed model can be applied in various fields of engineering. In this paper, however, it is discussed taking example of an ice sheet. The linear dynamics of the model is focused upon in this paper in order to show its consistency with a continuum plate theory in the low frequency band and underline the differences emerging at higher frequencies. The developed model is composed of masses and springs whose morphology and properties were derived to match the out‐of‐plane deformations of thick plates as described by the Mindlin‐Reissner theory. Bending, shear and torsion are taken into account. The eigenfrequencies and the steady‐state response of the model to a sinusoidal in time point load are computed and compared to those of a corresponding continuum plate. It is proven that the developed lattice predicts the same dynamic behaviour as the corresponding continuum plate at relatively low frequencies. At higher frequencies deviations occur. These are discussed in this paper in terms of the dispersion, anisotropy and specific boundary effects of the lattice model.