bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rust Detection for Telecom Network Towers using Image Processing
Authors: Shah Darshita , Dave Jatin , Soni Shivam , Kumar Ajay , Rathee Sarita , Kumar Ashwini , Chaudhary Poonam 
Published: October 2024

Background:
The escalating expansion of global telecom towers since the 1990s has
led to an ageing infrastructure, with towers exceeding 30 years. Rust, a pervasive threat, jeopardizes
structural integrity, posing risks of collapse and harm to riggers. Recognizing the importance
of innovation in addressing this challenge, rust detection and tower maintenance patents play a crucial
role in advancing the field.

Objective:
This paper focuses on detecting and evaluating rust levels on ageing telecom towers.
Beyond addressing the immediate concerns, the objective includes exploring patented technologies
in rust detection and prevention. The aim is to amalgamate innovative solutions into the algorithmic
framework for automated rust detection, thereby enhancing the robustness and novelty of
the proposed approach.

Methods:
The study involves a comprehensive literature review to identify patented technologies
related to rust detection on structures like telecom towers. By integrating patented methods into
the image processing code developed in Python, the algorithm gains an edge in accuracy and efficiency.
The three-tier classification of rust severity aligns with patented preventative maintenance
strategies, ensuring a holistic approach to tower care.

Result:
The amalgamation of patented technologies with the image processing code enhances the
accuracy of rust detection on telecom towers. The results guide targeted treatments, informed by
patented preventative maintenance strategies, including patented rust inhibitors, protective coatings,
and corrosion-resistant materials.

Conclusion:
This paper introduces an innovative algorithm for rust detection and emphasizes the
integration of patented technologies. Incorporating patented solutions into preventative maintenance
strategies makes the approach more effective and technologically advanced. This holistic
method not only benefits telecom companies in accident prevention and cost reduction but also positions
the developed algorithm as a significant contribution to patented rust detection and tower
maintenance technologies.
Revolutionizing Deep Learning: A Comprehensive Exploration and Comparison of Cutting-edge Data Augmentation Techniques
Authors: Fayaz Salma , Ahmad Shah Syed Zubair , Assad Assif 
Published: October 2024

Introduction:
As the demand for resilient deep learning models in medical imaging
grows, the importance of data augmentation becomes increasingly evident. This study provides a
comprehensive comparative analysis of advanced data augmentation techniques applied to a skin
melanoma dataset.

Method:
Through rigorous experimentation and evaluation, we aim to demonstrate the effectiveness
of these methods in enhancing model generalization and reducing overfitting. The performance
metrics selected, including accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score, were chosen based on
their relevance to assessing model robustness and generalization capability.

Results:
Our findings offer valuable insights into the strengths and limitations of various advanced
data augmentation techniques, aiding researchers and practitioners in making informed
choices tailored to their specific applications.

Conclusion:
Additionally, this study reviews several patents related to data augmentation in deep
learning, ensuring that our approach is grounded in current technological advancements.
Risk of Developing Multimorbidity among Previously Healthy Immigrants and Long-term Ontario Residents
Authors: Rouhani Setareh , Dahrouge Simone , Manuel Douglas , Glazier Richard H. , Hogg William 
Published: October 2024

Background
Multimorbidity is an important health issue associated with a greater risk of adverse health outcomes, more frequent hospitalizations, greater healthcare needs, and premature death. This study examined patterns of and the risk of developing multimorbidity between immigrants and long-term residents of Ontario.

Methods
We used a 1:1 matched retrospective observational open cohort design from 1995 to 2016, using routinely collected population-based administrative data at ICES. Multimorbidity was defined as two or more and three or more co-occurring chronic conditions. Chronic disease frequencies of dyads and triads were examined. Stratified multivariate Cox Proportional Hazard models examined the risk of developing multimorbidity and further by world regions of origin for immigrants compared to long-term residents.

Results
Hypertension and diabetes, in combination with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, were the leading multimorbidity dyad and triad groups. After controlling for age, sex, and neighborhood income quintiles, immigrants from the Caribbean and South Asia had a greater risk of developing 2+ multimorbidity, compared to long-term residents. Refugees from North Africa and the Middle East (HR = 1.22 [95% CI: 1.03-1.42]) as well as refugees (HR = 1.78 [95% CI: 1.59 – 1.98]) and family immigrants from South Asia (HR: 1.08 [95% CI: 1.02-1.14]), had a higher risk of 3+ multimorbidity compared to long-term residents of Ontario.

Conclusion
These findings highlight the importance of routine population-based data collection on immigration status and world regions of origin to inform public health research. Investments in preventive health services and management of multimorbidity are needed for specific population groups.
A Case-control Study on the Correlation between Serum Bilirubin Levels and Various Types of Appendicitis
Authors: Sardoo Hamzeh Mohammadi , Rashidi Fatemeh Sadat Mir , Kohan Benyamin Fallah , Dehdashti Nasim , Shokoufamanesh Ayuob , Raesi Rasoul , Hushmandi Kiavash , Daneshi Salman 
Published: October 2024

Background
Acute appendicitis is one of the most common types of surgical emergencies. Among laboratory factors, hyperbilirubinemia has recently been identified as a strong predictor of preoperative perforation and gangrene.

Aim
This study aimed to investigate the correlation between serum bilirubin levels and types of appendicitis.

Methods
This case-control study was conducted in 2022 using the convenience sampling method on 100 patients who were referred to the emergency department of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Jiroft with abdominal pain. These patients were diagnosed with appendicitis based on the initial clinical examinations. The white blood cells and total bilirubin levels were measured for all the patients. Intraoperative macroscopic findings were recorded by the surgeon, and the pathological results of the specimen were reported. Data was analyzed using SPSS 24, including descriptive and inferential statistics at the significance level of P<0.05.

Results
Among 100 patients aged between 28.5±14.8, 48% were men, and the rest were women. There was a significant difference between the mean of bilirubin levels in patients with complicated and uncomplicated appendicitis (P <0.01). The results of logistic regression analysis showed that the period of onset of symptoms to hospitalization, leukocytosis level, and preoperative total bilirubin level were significant variables for diagnosing complicated appendicitis (P<0.05).

Conclusion
In this study, we found that patients with complicated appendicitis had higher total bilirubin levels than patients with uncomplicated appendicitis. Therefore, patients with hyperbilirubinemia and clinical symptoms of appendicitis should be considered as more probable cases of perforation than those with normal bilirubin levels.
Antimicrobial Macrolide Levantilide D from Rare Marine Micromonospora sp.
Authors: Zhao Wei , Zhou Jian , Jiang Honglei , Ge Yichao , Zhou Jingming , Zhao Meilu , Lin Ru , Jiang Hong , Wu Bin 
Published: October 2024

Introduction:
One new levantilide D (2) with a 20-membered macrolide, along with one
known levantilide C (1), was isolated from a rare marine actinomycetes Micromonospora sp.
(FIMYZ52).

Method:
The structural elucidation of the compounds was based on integrated analyses involving 1D
and 2D NMR spectroscopy and HR-ESI-MS.

Result:
The relative and absolute configurations of compounds 1 and 2 were ascertained by integrating
multispectral ROESY and NOESY information from analogs in conjunction with theoretical
TDDFT-ECD calculations. Levantilide D (2) exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus
aureus.

Conclusion:
A plausible biosynthetic pathway of the macrolide compounds (1-2) was proposed.

conclusion:
The structure of levantilide D in this study is characterized by a 20-membered macrolide structure with moderately long branched aliphatic chains containing hydroxyl or ketone groups. Macrolides are a class of antibiotics that are widely used to treat a variety of bacterial infections. This structure is crucial for their antibacterial activity. The variations in the lactone ring structure and the attached fatty chains have given rise to different generations of macrolides with varying properties, including antibacterial activity.
Penanganan Limbah Padat Produksi Kerupuk Rambak di Brontokan, Danurejo, Mertoyudan, Magelang
Authors: Dafa Maula Haqul , Solihah Nada I. , Prabowo Yusuf , Handziko Rio Christy 
Published: October 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari solusi pengolahan limbah padat yang dihasilkan dari produksi kerupuk rambak di Desa Brontokan, Kelurahan Danurejo, Kecamatan Mertoyudan, Magelang. Penelitian yang dilakukan selama hampir tiga bulan mulai dari Februari hingga April 2019 ini juga dilakukan untuk memenuhi tugas mata kuliah Praktikum Ilmu Lingkungan. Penelitian ini dilangsungkan di salah satu rumah produksi milik Pak Naim dan menyelidiki baik limbah cair maupun limbah padat, tetapi lebih terkonsentrasi pada limbah padat yang dihasilkan.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suhu di dalam pabrik mencapai 310C dengan intensitas cahaya 949 x 100 lux pada saat penjemuran kerupuk rambak. Flora yang berada di dalam lingkungan pabrik antara lain lumut, gulma, pohon pepaya, tanaman cabai, dan tanaman pandan, sedangkan fauna yang berada di dalam lingkungan pabrik antara lain capung, ayam, lalat, laba-laba, dan hewan air yang tidak teridentifikasi. Sementara itu, suhu di luar lingkungan pabrik sekitar 290C dengan intensitas cahaya 0.32 x 100 lux dan ditemukan banyak tanaman seperti pohon jambu, pisang, mangga, rambutan, dan hewan seperti ayam, laba-laba, lalat, dan lain-lain. Pemanfaatan limbah padat dari pabrik adalah sebagai pelet untuk pakan ikan lele karena masih mengandung nutrisi yang bila dicampur dengan beberapa bahan lain akan menjadi pakan yang memadai untuk tumbuh kembang ikan lele. Diharapkan penelitian ini mampu memberikan informasi pada masyarakat yang ini mencari alternatif pakan ikan lele sekaligus mengurangi limbah padat dari produksi kerupuk rambak itu sendiri.
Tobacco Use, Risk Perceptions, and Characteristics of Adults Who Used a Heated Tobacco Product (IQOS) in the United States: Cross-Sectional Survey Study
Authors: Cheng Hui G , Noggle Brendan , Vansickel Andrea R , Largo Edward G , Magnani Pierpaolo 
Published: October 2024

Background
The Tobacco Heating System (THS; commercialized as IQOS) is a smoke-free heated tobacco product introduced in the United States in 2019 and authorized by the US Food and Drug Administration as a modified risk tobacco product (MRTP) in 2020. THS consists of a holder and specially designed tobacco sticks that are heated instead of burned to produce a nicotine-containing aerosol. THS was available in Atlanta, Georgia; Richmond, Virginia; Charlotte, North Carolina; the Northern Virginia region; and South Carolina before its market removal in November 2021.

Objective
This study aims to describe selected sociodemographic characteristics and self-reported health history of adults who used IQOS (AUIs), their tobacco use patterns (eg, tobacco use history, exclusive and dual-use, and switching from cigarette smoking), their risk perceptions of the product, and their understanding of MRTP messages.

Methods
The IQOS Cross-Sectional Postmarket Adult Consumer Study was a study of AUIs aged 21 years or older who were recruited from a consumer database via direct postal mail and emails. Participants completed the online survey between September and November 2021.

Results
The survey was completed by 645 current and 43 former AUIs who had used at least 100 tobacco sticks (considered established THS use) before the assessment. Of the 688 participants, 424 (61.6%) were male, 502 (73.0%) were non–Hispanic White, and the mean age was 45 years. The vast majority (680/688, 98.8%) of AUIs had ever smoked combusted cigarettes before first trying THS and 628 (91.3%) had smoked cigarettes in the 30 days before first using THS. At the time of assessment, 161 (23.4%) reported using e-cigarettes (vs 229, 33.3%, before THS use), 92 (13.4%) reported smoking cigars (vs 114, 16.6%, before THS use), and 338 (49.1%) were still smoking after an average of 1 year of THS use. Among those currently using THS who were still smoking (n=298), 249 (83.6%) smoked fewer cigarettes compared with before first trying THS; 362 of 688 (52.6%) AUIs reported having no physical health conditions evaluated in this study and almost three-quarters reported having no mental health conditions. Among all AUIs, over 563 (81.8%) had never used a cessation treatment or had not used it in the past 12 months, and 555 (80.7%) AUIs demonstrated a correct understanding of the MRTP message and AUIs perceived THS as having a lower risk than cigarettes (43.8 vs 64.4 on a 100-point composite score scale).

Conclusions
This study provides evidence that THS can help adult smokers in the United States completely switch away from cigarettes or reduce smoking.
A Modified Bubnov-Galerkin Method for Solving Boundary Value Problems with Linear Ordinary Differential Equations
Authors: Volosova N. K. , Volosov K. A. , Volosova A. K. , Pastukhov D. F. , Pastukhov Yu. F. 
Published: October 2024

Introduction. The paper considers the solution of boundary value problems on an interval for linear ordinary differential equations, in which the coefficients and the right-hand side are continuous functions. The conditions for the orthogonality of the residual equation to the coordinate functions are supplemented by a system of linearly independent boundary conditions. The number of coordinate functions m must exceed the order n of the differential equation. Materials and Methods. To numerically solve the boundary value problem, a system of linearly independent coordinate functions is proposed on a symmetric interval [−1,1], where each function has a unit Chebyshev’s norm. A modified Petrov-Galerkin method is applied, incorporating linearly independent boundary conditions from the original problem into the system of linear algebraic equations. An integral quadrature formula with twelfth-order error is used to compute the scalar product of two functions. Results. A criterion for the existence and uniqueness of a solution to the boundary value problem is obtained, provided that n linearly independent solutions of the homogeneous differential equation are known. Formulas are derived for the matrix coefficients and the coefficients of the right-hand side in the system of linear algebraic equations for the vector expansion of the solution in terms of the coordinate function system. These formulas are obtained for second- and third-order linear differential equations. The modified Bubnov-Galerkin method is formulated for differential equations of arbitrary order. Discussion and Conclusions. The derived formulas for the generalized Bubnov-Galerkin method may be useful for solving boundary value problems involving linear ordinary differential equations. Three boundary value problems with second- and third-order differential equations are numerically solved, with the uniform norm of the residual not exceeding 10–11.
Construction of Second-Order Finite Difference Schemes for Diffusion-Convection Problems of Multifractional Suspensions in Coastal Marine Systems
Authors: Sidoryakina V. V. 
Published: October 2024

Introduction. This paper addresses an initial-boundary value problem for the transport of multifractional suspensions applied to coastal marine systems. This problem describes the processes of transport, deposition of suspension particles, and the transitions between its various fractions. To obtain monotonic finite difference schemes for diffusion-convection problems of suspensions, it is advisable to use schemes that satisfy the maximum principle. When constructing a finite difference scheme that adheres to the maximum principle, it is desirable to achieve second-order spatial accuracy for bothinterior and boundary points of the domain under study. Materials and Methods. This problem presents certain difficulties when considering the boundaries of the geometric domain, where boundary conditions of the second and third kinds are applied. In these cases, to maintain second-order approximation accuracy, an “extended” grid is introduced (a grid supplemented with fictitious nodes). The guidelineis the approximation of the given boundary conditions using the central difference formula, with the exclusion of the concentration function at the fictitious node from the resulting expressions. Results. Second-order accurate finite difference schemes for the diffusion-convection problem of multifractional suspensions in coastal marine systems are constructed. Discussion and Conclusion. The proposed schemes are not absolutely stable, and a detailed analysis of stability and convergence, particularly concerning the grid step ratio, remains an important problem that the author plans to address in the future.
Restriction of Passive Suffrage in the Legislation of the Russian Federation
Authors: Akopov L. V. , Sizko I. A. 
Published: October 2024

Introduction. Suffrage is one of the most frequently reformed areas of the national legislation of the Russian Federation. Permanent law making activity and its further interpretation in the frame of law enforcement practices of holding the elections to public authorities not only fail to resolve the disputable issues, but arise the new ones referring to the electoral system regulation. The most important objective in the present day studies of the passive suffrage is to identify the legal collisions and make proposals for filling in the legal gaps encountered by the law enforcers in the context of the tasks set forth before them, i.e. to ensure implementation of the passive suffrage of the candidates. Nowadays, the need to carry out the legal analysis of the impact imposed by the conceptual legislative innovations on using the right to passive suffrage has become evident. The aim of this paper is to analyse the existing restrictions of passive suffrage, as well as to study the eligibility and limits of these restrictions.Materials and Methods. In the article, the recently published works of native scientists, the mass media materials, federal legislation, decisions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation in the studied area, the regulatory legal acts adopted by the Central Election Commission of the Russian Federation, as well as the results of the work of the election commissions have been analysed. The study was based on such commonly accepted methods of scientific cognition as the dialectical and dogmatic-legal methods, as well as the methods of analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction.Results. The issues of legitimacy of establishing the additional restrictions to the rights of citizens have been investigated. The conclusion has been made not only of great importance to protect the human rights and freedoms, but of urgent need to comply with the legal restrictions of these rights. The concepts of restrictions and violations of the human and civil rights and freedoms have been differentiated, and the statutory expression of the suffrage restrictions has been analysed. Except for the constitutional provisions (legal capability and criminal record), the content of the additional restrictions introduced at the federal level and referring to the age, residence qualification, presence or absence of a criminal record of committed crimes and torts of extremism has also been disclosed.Discussion and Conclusion. The essence of the passive suffrage restrictions implies imposing the certain requirements and conditions on a person for him to acquire the eligibility to stand as a candidate in the elections to the public authorities. The system of suffrage restrictions is designed to ensure the high-quality of formation, complete functionality and professionalism of the elected authorities and officials, however could also become a tool for fighting against the opposition.
Comparative Analysis of the Telephone Fraud Liability in the Criminal Law of Russia and Foreign Countries Based on the Dynamics of Damage Example
Authors: Dyatlov G. A. 
Published: October 2024

Introduction. The telephone fraud is a serious problem faced both in Russia and abroad. With the development of digital technologies and Internet, the fraudsters find the new ways to deceive citizens by calling them on the phone, pretending to be the representatives of banks, law enforcement agencies or other official institutions. The dynamics of damage caused by such crimes is constantly growing, therefore, the efficient measures should be taken to prevent and suppress fraud. The aim of the article is to conduct a comparative analysis of the criminal law with respect to telephone fraud liability in Russia and foreign countries based on the dynamics of damage example.Materials and Methods. The methodological basis of the research included the general and specific scientific methods of cognition. Among the general scientific methods, the dialectical and legalistic methods were used. In addition, the method of historical analysis, data analysis and synthesis methods were applied, the legal acts regulating the public relations on countering the telephone fraud were investigated. Also, a comparative legal method was used to analyse and compare different legal provisions. For more complete understanding of the problem, the analysis of the judicial practices of the Russian courts was carried out, which made it possible to evaluate the existing law enforcement practices in the specific situations.Results. The analysis of the criminal law on fraud liability in Russia and foreign countries, as well as measures enforced to counteract fraud in the Russian Federation, the People's Republic of China and the United States of America, has been carried out. The consequences of fraud as a type of crime have been studied, and the general dynamics of damage from the registered and investigated telephone frauds in the Russian Federation has been analysed. The main trends and features of such cases have been revealed.Discussion and Conclusion. The analysis of the criminal law demonstrates that fraud liability in Russia and foreign countries has its own features. Studying these differences will help to identify the best practices in countering fraud and to develop the more efficient measures for preventing this type of crime and punishing the fraudsters.