bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards a fully automatic workflow for investigating the dynamics of lung cancer cachexia during radiotherapy using cone beam computed tomography
Authors: Daenen Lars H B A , van de Worp Wouter R P H , Rezaeifar Behzad , de Bruijn Joël , Qiu Peiyu , Webster Justine M , Peeters Stéphanie , De Ruysscher Dirk , Langen Ramon C J , Wolfs Cecile J A , Verhaegen Frank 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective. Cachexia is a devastating condition, characterized by involuntary loss of muscle mass with or without loss of adipose tissue mass. It affects more than half of patients with lung cancer, diminishing treatment effects and increasing mortality. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images, routinely acquired during radiotherapy treatment, might contain valuable anatomical information for monitoring body composition changes associated with cachexia. For this purpose, we propose an automatic artificial intelligence (AI)-based workflow, consisting of CBCT to CT conversion, followed by segmentation of pectoralis muscles. Approach. Data from 140 stage III non-small cell lung cancer patients was used. Two deep learning models, cycle-consistent generative adversarial network (CycleGAN) and contrastive unpaired translation (CUT), were used for unpaired training of CBCT to CT conversion, to generate synthetic CT (sCT) images. The no-new U-Net (nnU-Net) model was used for automatic pectoralis muscle segmentation. To evaluate tissue segmentation performance in the absence of ground truth labels, an uncertainty metric (UM) based on Monte Carlo dropout was developed and validated. Main results. Both CycleGAN and CUT restored the Hounsfield unit fidelity of the CBCT images compared to the planning CT (pCT) images and visually reduced streaking artefacts. The nnU-Net model achieved a Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of 0.93, 0.94, 0.92 for the CT, sCT and CBCT images, respectively, on an independent test set. The UM showed a high correlation with DSC with a correlation coefficient of −0.84 for the pCT dataset and −0.89 for the sCT dataset. Significance. This paper shows a proof-of-concept for automatic AI-based monitoring of the pectoralis muscle area of lung cancer patients during radiotherapy treatment based on CBCT images, which provides an unprecedented time resolution of muscle mass loss during cachexia progression. Ultimately, the proposed workflow could provide valuable information for early intervention of cachexia, ideally resulting in improved cancer treatment outcome.
Characterizing anomalous peaks in the resistance–temperature profile of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+
δ flakes featuring surface degeneration
Authors: Zhang Huili , Tian Wanghao 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This study focuses on an observed anomalous resistance peak in the temperature-dependent resistance (RT) curves of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ
(BSCCO), attributed to surface degradation and pronounced electrical resistance anisotropy. Employing a standard four-point probe technique on the ab-plane, this research circumvents conventional c-axis testing limitations, enhancing the understanding of BSCCO’s electrical behavior by avoiding contact resistance and etching issues. A comprehensive three-dimensional model, developed using the finite element method, captures the strong resistive anisotropy and correlates the depth of surface degradation with the anomalous resistance peaks, explaining this phenomenon from a quantitative perspective, providing a more specific reference for future analysis of relevant signals. The fabrication process involved pre-patterning and mechanical exfoliation techniques to minimize atmospheric exposure and ensure device integrity. Despite these efforts, surface degradation impacting the superconductivity of surface layers was inevitable. The study’s experimental results, complemented by numerical modeling, reveal the intricate relationship between surface layer thickness and the anomalous resistance peak, providing an approach to gauge the extent of degradation in BSCCO devices. Moreover, it underscores the potential necessity of employing some critical techniques to avoid degradation, such as low-temperature exfoliation in other literatures where degradation signal is notably absent from RT curves. This work advances the understanding of BSCCO’s electrical properties and highlights the critical need for precise fabrication and environmental controls in developing high-temperature superconducting technologies.
Design requirements for human UHF magnets from the perspective of MRI scientists
Authors: Ladd Mark E , Quick Harald H , Scheffler Klaus , Speck Oliver 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The highest magnetic field strength for human-sized magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) currently lies at 11.7 tesla. Given the opportunities for enhanced sensitivity and improved data quality at higher static magnetic fields, several initiatives around the world are pursuing the implementation of further human MRI systems at or above 11.7 tesla. In general, members of the magnetic resonance (MR) research community are not experts on magnet technology. However, the magnet is the technological heart of any MR system, and the MRI community is challenging the magnet research and design community to fulfill the current engineering gap in implementing large-bore, highly homogeneous and stabile magnets at field strengths that go beyond the performance capability of niobium–titanium. In this article, we present an overview of magnet design for such systems from the perspective of MR scientists. The underlying motivation and need for higher magnetic fields are briefly introduced, and system design considerations for the magnet as well as for the MRI subsystems such as the gradients, the shimming arrangement, and the radiofrequency hardware are presented. Finally, important limitations to higher magnetic fields from physiological considerations are described, operating under the assumption that any engineering or economic barriers to realizing such systems will be overcome.
Robustness of optimal quantum annealing protocols
Authors: Funcke Niklas , Berberich Julian 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Noise in quantum computing devices poses a key challenge in their realization. In this paper, we study the robustness of optimal quantum annealing (QA) protocols against coherent control errors, which are multiplicative Hamiltonian errors causing detrimental effects on current quantum devices. We show that the norm of the Hamiltonian quantifies the robustness against these errors, motivating the introduction of an additional regularization term in the cost function. We analyze the optimality conditions of the resulting robust quantum optimal control problem based on Pontryagin’s maximum principle, showing that robust protocols admit larger smooth annealing sections. This suggests that QA admits improved robustness in comparison to bang-bang solutions such as the quantum approximate optimization algorithm. Finally, we perform numerical simulations to verify our analytical results and demonstrate the improved robustness of the proposed approach.
Steered quantum coherence and entropic uncertainty relation in the cluster Ising model
Authors: Ye Biao-Liang , Wu Qi-Cheng , Guo Bao-Qing , Zhao Jun-Long , Fang Yu-Liang , Zhou Yan-Hui 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the cluster Ising model (CIM) via steered quantum coherence (SQC) and entropic uncertainty relation (EUR). We present the behavior of SQC quantified by the L1 norm, relative entropy and quantum Jensen–Shannon divergence. We also demonstrate the properties of EUR in the CIM. In addition, we provide a comparative analysis of these measures and present detailed numerical results.
DNA Barcoding of the Endemic Freshwater Catfish Encheloclarias tapeinopterus (Bleeker, 1853) (Siluriformes:Clariidae) from Bangka Island, Indonesia
Authors: Valen F S , Alfian R A , Prananda M , Hasmadi M , Gani A , Hasan V 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Encheloclarias tapeinopterus, an endemic catfish exclusively found in Bangka Island, Indonesia. The population of this species has been observed to be decreasing at an alarming rate, which has resulted in the IUCN Red List classifying it as a species that is vulnerable (VU). During our expedition on the 25th and 26th of January 2023, a total of Two specimens of E. tapeinopterus were collected from Kelumpik River, Pinang Sebatang Village, Central Bangka Regency, Bangka Island, Indonesia. In this groundbreaking study, we proudly present the pioneering documentation of E. tapeinopterus DNA barcoding, focusing on the Cytochrome C oxidase Subunit I (COI) gene. The recorded DNA Barcode of E. tapeinopterus has been officially registered in the Genbank under the accession code OQ281707. By employing DNA barcoding, we offer an advanced and expedient method for precise species identification and discovery, revolutionizing the field of taxonomy. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that E. tapeinopterus forms a distinct clade alongside the Clarias and Heterobranchus genus, shedding light on its evolutionary relationships and genetic affinities.
Research concerning air quality in the vicinity of a public transport stop
Authors: Mustață D M , Ionel R , Ionel I 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The research focuses on particulate matter and the results of their concentration in open air due to several impact factors like traffic intensity and weather conditions. The result of the 11 days episode measurement is provided in graphics. The study is part of a complex research involving the development of an integrated system for analysing air quality in the vicinity of public transport stops. Also, the number of passengers exposed to levels of poor air quality which are waiting in these stops will be recorded. The authors analysed a road section where future integration and applicability of such a system is presumed to become functional, recording the impact on both passengers and environment.
Comparative evaluation of speed control techniques for switched reluctance motors in industrial applications
Authors: Ismael Dhiyaa Mohammed , Atyia Thamir Hassan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This paper offers a thorough summary of the comparative assessment of speed control methods for Switched Reluctance Motors (SRMs) in industrial settings. It is primarily concerned with two topics: optimization methods and PID controller applications. Studies on PID controllers have demonstrated improved speed control performance for SRMs; however, these findings frequently lack real-world validation and comparisons with other approaches. The difficulties with implementation are also covered. Fuzzy logic, evolutionary computation, particle swarm optimization, and genetic algorithms are some of the optimization approaches that have been used to enhance SRM speed control. However, there are still several issues with computational complexity, noise and volatility in parameters and real-time implementation. Numerous research assessed the ways in which different strategies and algorithms decreased torque ripples and controlled speed. However, these comparisons frequently fall short in terms of thoroughness and in-depth talks about real-world difficulties. All things considered, the analysis of the literature indicates a wide variety of approaches and methods for SRM speed control, each with advantages and disadvantages. Subsequent investigations may tackle these constraints, carry out more thorough comparative evaluations, and investigate the viability of actual application in industrial settings.
Energy transitions of declining energy industries: the effect of renewable portfolio standards on the U.S. coal industry
Authors: Graziano Marcello , Michieka Nyakundi , Musso Marta , Fouquet Roger 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This study examines the influence of renewable portfolio standards (RPS) on coal industry employment and wages in the top 10 U.S. coal-producing states from 2001 to 2018, with a specific focus on the 2003–2009 RPS adoption period. Employing a difference-in-differences methodology and utilizing data encompassing employment, gas prices, and RPS-related MWh at the quarterly level, our findings reveal that RPS had only temporary and minor adverse effects on coal employment. These effects manifested with a delay of up to four quarters but dissipated within two years. Moreover, RPS had no significant impact on state’s coal sector wages.
Land use change and ecosystem service tradeoffs on California agricultural land
Authors: Lenhardt Julia , Egoh B N 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The need to transition to sustainable agricultural practices while maintaining high food yield and strengthening resilience to climate change cannot be overstated. California farmers have received incentive funding from federal and state agencies to use land management practices that are less impactful to the land and in line with California’s sustainability goals. However, there are no regional monitoring measures to determine whether farming is becoming more sustainable. In this study, we used land cover change analysis and ecosystem services (ES) modeling to understand how farming practices influence environmental benefits on California farmland from 2010 to 2020. We analyzed the tradeoffs between soil erosion control, soil carbon storage, and production of California’s top agricultural commodities, and we compared these changes to changes in land cover in five agricultural regions statewide. We found that the trade-offs in ESs and food production differ depending on the regional context, and that major expansion in almond production and land use changes have had different impacts throughout California. Statewide, soil organic carbon storage increased, soil erosion control increased slightly, and food production boomed for most commodities. Incentive programs that influence farming practices may need to operate at a regional level rather than a statewide level to achieve sustainable outcomes specific to each region.
Introduction
Authors: Peoples Columba 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This introductory chapter outlines the key interventions made by this book: into concepts of crisis, planetary emergency, and the ‘technopolitics’ of (in)security. To establish and expand upon these concerns, the chapter provides a substantive discussion of what theorizing and analysing technopolitics might be envisaged to entail and why it matters. Later sections of the chapter set out an accompanying methodological framework for analysing what is termed here as the ‘imminent technopolitics of planetary crisis management’. In the process, the chapter also sketches the contours of the book’s proceeding chapters and provides an overview of the ways in which those chapters engage with ‘The Emergence of the Planetary’ in the study of International Relations (IR) and security.
Thinking through Crisis Management
Authors: Peoples Columba 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
While the concept of crisis has, as discussed previously in the book, potentially multiple interpretations and context-specific meanings, this chapter focuses on discussions of and approaches to crisis management as a particularly notable and, arguably, significant subset of modern ‘crisis talk’. Specifically, it seeks to highlight the technopolitics of crisis management and the development of what might broadly be characterized as ‘techno-managerialist’ understandings of how to respond to crises: that is, modes of response that envisage and advocate technologically enabled means of managing or stabilizing crisis ‘scenarios’. As a precursor to later chapters, the discussion here also critically reflects on the ways in which techno-managerialist modes of crisis management might be bound up with the emergence of the planetary—not least in relation to post-World War II thinking on the consequences of the ‘nuclear revolution’ and the ‘crisis of the nation state’.
A dilemma for conferralism
Authors: VanKammen Elizabeth , Rea Michael 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Conferralism is the view that social properties are neither intrinsic to the things that have them nor possessed simply by virtue of their causal or spatiotemporal relations to other things, but are somehow bestowed (intentionally or not, explicitly or not) upon them by persons who have both the capacity and the standing to bestow them. We argue that conferralism faces a dilemma: either it is viciously circular, or it is limited in scope in a way that undercuts its motivation.
Kssdtree: an interactive Python package for phylogenetic analysis based on sketching technique
Authors: Yang Hang , Lu Xiaoxin , Chang Jiaxing , Chang Qing , Zheng Wen , Chen Zehua , Yi Huiguang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Summary
Sketching technologies have recently emerged as a promising solution for real-time, large-scale phylogenetic analysis. However, existing sketching-based phylogenetic tools exhibit drawbacks, including platform restrictions, deficiencies in tree visualization, and inherent distance estimation bias. These limitations collectively impede the overall convenience and efficiency of the analysis. In this study, we introduce Kssdtree, an interactive Python package designed to address these challenges. Kssdtree surpasses other sketching-based tools by demonstrating superior performance in terms of both accuracy and time efficiency on comprehensive benchmarking datasets. Notably, Kssdtree offers key advantages such as intra-species phylogenomic analysis and GTDB-based phylogenetic placement analysis, significantly enhancing the scope and depth of phylogenetic investigations. Through extensive evaluations and comparisons, Kssdtree stands out as an efficient and versatile method for real-time, large-scale phylogenetic analysis.

Availability and implementation
The Kssdtree Python package is freely accessible at https://pypi.org/project/kssdtree and source code is available at https://github.com/yhlink/kssdtree. The documentation and instantiation for the software is available at https://kssdtree.readthedocs.io/en/latest. The video tutorial is available at https://youtu.be/_6hg59Yn-Ws.
Age-related differences in human cortical microstructure depend on the distance to the nearest vein
Authors: Knoll Christoph , Doehler Juliane , Northall Alicia , Schreiber Stefanie , Rotta Johanna , Mattern Hendrik , Kuehn Esther 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Age-related differences in cortical microstructure are used to understand the neuronal mechanisms that underlie human brain ageing. The cerebral vasculature contributes to cortical ageing, but its precise interaction with cortical microstructure is poorly understood. In a cross-sectional study, we combine venous imaging with vessel distance mapping to investigate the interaction between venous distances and age-related differences in the microstructural architecture of the primary somatosensory cortex, the primary motor cortex and additional areas in the frontal cortex as non-sensorimotor control regions. We scanned 18 younger adults and 17 older adults using 7 Tesla MRI to measure age-related changes in longitudinal relaxation time (T1) and quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) values at 0.5 mm isotropic resolution. We modelled different cortical depths using an equi-volume approach and assessed the distance of each voxel to its nearest vein using vessel distance mapping. Our data reveal a dependence of cortical quantitative T1 values and positive QSM values on venous distance. In addition, there is an interaction between venous distance and age on quantitative T1 values, driven by lower quantitative T1 values in older compared to younger adults in voxels that are closer to a vein. Together, our data show that the local venous architecture explains a significant amount of variance in standard measures of cortical microstructure and should be considered in neurobiological models of human brain organisation and cortical ageing.
Neural correlates of retrospective memory confidence during face–name associative learning
Authors: Xu Weiyong , Li Xueqiao , Parviainen Tiina , Nokia Miriam 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The ability to accurately assess one’s own memory performance during learning is essential for adaptive behavior, but the brain mechanisms underlying this metamemory function are not well understood. We investigated the neural correlates of memory accuracy and retrospective memory confidence in a face–name associative learning task using magnetoencephalography in healthy young adults (n = 32). We found that high retrospective confidence was associated with stronger occipital event-related fields during encoding and widespread event-related fields during retrieval compared to low confidence. On the other hand, memory accuracy was linked to medial temporal activities during both encoding and retrieval, but only in low-confidence trials. A decrease in oscillatory power at alpha/beta bands in the parietal regions during retrieval was associated with higher memory confidence. In addition, representational similarity analysis at the single-trial level revealed distributed but differentiable neural activities associated with memory accuracy and confidence during both encoding and retrieval. In summary, our study unveiled distinct neural activity patterns related to memory confidence and accuracy during associative learning and underscored the crucial role of parietal regions in metamemory.
2024 updated European Heart Rhythm Association core curriculum for physicians and allied professionals: a statement of the European Heart Rhythm Association of the European Society of Cardiology
Authors: Trines Serge A , Moore Philip , Burri Haran , Gonçalves Nunes Sílvia , Massoullié Grégoire , Merino Jose Luis , Paton Maria F , Porta-Sánchez Andreu , Sommer Philipp , Steven Daniel , Whittaker-Axon Sarah , Yorgun Hikmet , Arribas Fernando , Claude Deharo Jean , Steffel Jan , Wolpert Christian 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Heart rhythm management is a continuously evolving sub-speciality of cardiology. Every year, many physicians and allied professionals (APs) start and complete their training in cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) or electrophysiology (EP) across the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) member countries. While this training ideally ends with an EHRA certification, the description of the learning pathway (what, how, when, and where) through an EHRA core curriculum is also a prerequisite for a successful training. The first EHRA core curriculum for physicians was published in 2009. Due to the huge developments in the field of EP and device therapy, this document needed updating. In addition, a certification process for APs has been introduced, as well as a recertification process and accreditation of EHRA recognized training centres. Learning pathways are more individualized now, with Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills (OSATS) to monitor learning progression of trainees. The 2024 updated EHRA core curriculum for physicians and APs describes, for both CIED and EP, the syllabus, OSATS, training programme and certification, and recertification for physicians and APs and stresses the importance of continued medical education after certification. In addition, requirements for accreditation of training centres and trainers are given. Finally, suggested reading lists for CIED and EP are attached as online supplements.