bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Palladium in the Chemical Synthesis and Modification of Proteins
Authors: Jbara Muhammad , Maity Suman Kumar , Brik Ashraf 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe field of site‐specific modification of proteins has drawn significant attention in recent years owing to its importance in various research areas such as the development of novel therapeutics and understanding the biochemical and cellular behaviors of proteins. The presence of a large number of reactive functional groups in the protein of interest and in the cellular environment renders modification at a specific site a highly challenging task. With the development of sophisticated chemical methodologies it is now possible to target a specific site of a protein with a desired modification, however, many challenges remain to be solved. In this context, transition metals in particular palladium‐mediated C−C bond‐forming and C−O bond‐cleavage reactions gained great interest owing to the unique catalytic properties of palladium. Palladium chemistry is being explored for protein modifications in vitro, on the cell surface, and within the cell. Very recently, palladium complexes have been applied for the rapid deprotection of several widely utilized cysteine protecting groups as well as in the removal of solubilizing tags to facilitate chemical protein synthesis. This Minireview highlights these advances and how the accumulated knowledge of palladium chemistry for small molecules is being impressively transferred to synthesis and modification of chemical proteins.
Highly Ordered Nitrogen‐Rich Mesoporous Carbon Nitrides and Their Superior Performance for Sensing and Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation
Authors: Mane Gurudas P. , Talapaneni Siddulu N. , Lakhi Kripal S. , Ilbeygi Hamid , Ravon Ugo , Al‐Bahily Khalid , Mori Toshiyuki , Park Dae‐Hwan , Vinu Ajayan 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMesoporous carbon nitrides (MCN) are fascinating materials with unique semiconducting and basic properties that are useful in many applications including photocatalysis and sensing. Most syntheses of MCN focus on creating theoretically predicted C3N4 stoichiometry with a band gap of 2.7 eV using a nano‐hard templating approach with triazine‐based precursors. However, the performance of the MCN in semiconducting applications is limited to the MCN framework with a small band gap, which would be linked with the addition of more N in the CN framework, but this remains a huge challenge. Here, we report a precursor with high nitrogen content, 3‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole, that enables the formation of new and well‐ordered 3D MCN with C3N5 stoichiometry (MCN‐8), which has not been predicted so far, and a low‐band‐gap energy (2.2 eV). This novel class of material without addition of any dopants shows not only a superior photocatalytic water‐splitting performance with a total of 801 μmol of H2 under visible‐light irradiation for 3 h but also excellent sensing properties for toxic acids.
Synergistic flame‐retardant effect of phosphaphenanthrene derivative and aluminum diethylphosphinate in glass fiber reinforced polyamide 66
Authors: Cao Yanfang , Qian Lijun , Chen Yajun , Wang Ze 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTThe synergistic flame‐retardant (FR) effect of 1,1′‐bis(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐metheylene‐bis(9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide‐2‐hydroxypropan‐1‐yl) (DPOH) and aluminum diethylphosphinate (AlPi) composites on glass fiber reinforced polyamide 66 (PA) was investigated by limiting oxygen index (LOI) tests, vertical burning (UL94) tests, and cone calorimeter tests. DPOH/AlPi system with 1:1 mass ratio increased UL94 ratings, suppressed heat release rate and increased residue yields of PA composites, and DPOH/AlPi system also imposed high LOI values and lower total heat release values to PA composites. All these results verified excellent synergistic FR effect between DPOH and AlPi. The reason of DPOH/AlPi system with higher flame‐retardant efficiency was caused by the quenching effect as good as that of DPOH and also by the higher charring effect than that of AlPi. DPOH/AlPi system possesses good flame retardancy in gas phase and also the strengthened FR effect in condensed phase compared with DPOH and AlPi alone, which led to excellent synergistic FR effect between the two components DPOH and AlPi. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45126.
Inhibiting the concentration polarization of FO membranes based on the wettable microporous supporting layer and the enhanced dense skin layer
Authors: Zhao Xinzhen , Liu Changkun 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTA novel thin film composite‐type forward osmosis (FO) membrane with inhibited concentration polarization phenomenon and expectant separation performance was prepared by continuous interfacial polymerization method. The nylon‐6,6 microfiltration membrane with the average pore size of 5 μm and the self‐wetting property was for the first time used as the supporting layer of the FO membranes, which decreased the mass transfer resistance in the porous supporting layer. The skin layer was prepared via the continuous interfacial polymerization of polyamide as a relatively dense layer, with the reverse salt flux of less than 1 g/m−2 h−1. The mass transfer resistance and the reverse salt flux of the prepared FO membranes were remarkably reduced due to the functional design of the double‐layer structure, which effectively enhanced the separation selectivity and restrain the concentration polarization of the FO membranes. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45133.
2016 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism Criteria for Minimal, Moderate, and Major Clinical Response in Juvenile Dermatomyositis: An International Myositis Assessment and Clinical Studies Group/Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation Collaborative Initiative
Authors: Rider Lisa G. , Aggarwal Rohit , Pistorio Angela , Bayat Nastaran , Erman Brian , Feldman Brian M. , Huber Adam M. , Cimaz Rolando , Cuttica Rubén J. , de Oliveira Sheila Knupp , Lindsley Carol B. , Pilkington Clarissa A. , Punaro Marilynn , Ravelli Angelo , Reed Ann M. , Rouster‐Stevens Kelly , van Royen‐Kerkhof Annet , Dressler Frank , Magalhaes Claudia Saad , Constantin Tamás , Davidson Joyce E. , Magnusson Bo , Russo Ricardo , Villa Luca , Rinaldi Mariangela , Rockette Howard , Lachenbruch Peter A. , Miller Frederick W. , Vencovsky Jiri , Ruperto Nicolino ,   for the International Myositis Assessment and Clinical Studies Group and the Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation
Published: April 2017

ObjectiveTo develop response criteria for juvenile dermatomyositis (DM).MethodsWe analyzed the performance of 312 definitions that used core set measures from either the International Myositis Assessment and Clinical Studies Group (IMACS) or the Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation (PRINTO) and were derived from natural history data and a conjoint analysis survey. They were further validated using data from the PRINTO trial of prednisone alone compared to prednisone with methotrexate or cyclosporine and the Rituximab in Myositis (RIM) trial. At a consensus conference, experts considered 14 top candidate criteria based on their performance characteristics and clinical face validity, using nominal group technique.ResultsConsensus was reached for a conjoint analysis–based continuous model with a total improvement score of 0–100, using absolute percent change in core set measures of minimal (≥30), moderate (≥45), and major (≥70) improvement. The same criteria were chosen for adult DM/polymyositis, with differing thresholds for improvement. The sensitivity and specificity were 89% and 91–98% for minimal improvement, 92–94% and 94–99% for moderate improvement, and 91–98% and 85–86% for major improvement, respectively, in juvenile DM patient cohorts using the IMACS and PRINTO core set measures. These criteria were validated in the PRINTO trial for differentiating between treatment arms for minimal and moderate improvement (P = 0.009–0.057) and in the RIM trial for significantly differentiating the physician's rating for improvement (P < 0.006).ConclusionThe response criteria for juvenile DM consisted of a conjoint analysis–based model using a continuous improvement score based on absolute percent change in core set measures, with thresholds for minimal, moderate, and major improvement.
Targeted Synthesis of Ultrastable High‐Silica RHO Zeolite Through Alkali Metal–Crown Ether Interaction
Authors: Ke Quanli , Sun Tianjun , Cheng Hao , Chen Haijun , Liu Xiaowei , Wei Xiaoli , Wang Shudong 
Published: April 2017

AbstractHigh‐silica RHO zeolite was directly synthesized using an alkali metal‐crown ether (AMCE) complex as organic structure‐directing agent (OSDA). Derived from the UV‐vis spectra and zeolite patterns, the crown ether‐cesium cation interaction was found to have crucial effect on the enhancement of silica content within the zeolite framework. The synthesized RHO zeolites possess up to four times larger silica/alumina ratio (SAR) values than that in their conventional form, which gives them extraordinarily rigid frameworks even after hydrothermal aging under 800 °C. Compared to commercial zeolites, copper‐exchanged high‐silica RHO zeolites demonstrate considerably high reaction activity in NOX removal, making them promising candidates for diesel exhaust treatment.
The treatment methods for post‐stroke visual impairment: A systematic review
Authors: Hanna Kerry Louise , Hepworth Lauren Rachel , Rowe Fiona J. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimTo provide a systematic overview of interventions for stroke related visual impairments.MethodA systematic review of the literature was conducted including randomized controlled trials, controlled trials, cohort studies, observational studies, systematic reviews, and retrospective medical note reviews. All languages were included and translation obtained. This review covers adult participants (aged 18 years or over) diagnosed with a visual impairment as a direct cause of a stroke. Studies which included mixed populations were included if over 50% of the participants had a diagnosis of stroke and were discussed separately. We searched scholarly online resources and hand searched articles and registers of published, unpublished, and ongoing trials. Search terms included a variety of MESH terms and alternatives in relation to stroke and visual conditions. Article selection was performed by two authors independently. Data were extracted by one author and verified by a second. The quality of the evidence and risk of bias was assessed using appropriate tools dependant on the type of article.ResultsForty‐nine articles (4142 subjects) were included in the review, including an overview of four Cochrane systematic reviews. Interventions appraised included those for visual field loss, ocular motility deficits, reduced central vision, and visual perceptual deficits.ConclusionFurther high quality randomized controlled trials are required to determine the effectiveness of interventions for treating post‐stroke visual impairments. For interventions which are used in practice but do not yet have an evidence base in the literature, it is imperative that these treatments be addressed and evaluated in future studies.
Two‐Tier Screening Platform for Directed Evolution of Aminoacyl–tRNA Synthetases with Enhanced Stop Codon Suppression Efficiency
Authors: Owens Andrew E. , Grasso Katherine T. , Ziegler Christine A. , Fasan Rudi 
Published: April 2017

AbstractGenetic code expansion through amber stop codon suppression provides a powerful tool for introducing non‐proteinogenic functionalities into proteins for a broad range of applications. However, ribosomal incorporation of noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs) by means of engineered aminoacyl–tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) often proceeds with significantly reduced efficiency compared to sense codon translation. Here, we report the implementation of a versatile platform for the development of engineered aaRSs with enhanced efficiency in mediating ncAA incorporation by amber stop codon suppression. This system integrates a white/blue colony screen with a plate‐based colorimetric assay, thereby combining high‐throughput capabilities with reliable and quantitative measurement of aaRS‐dependent ncAA incorporation efficiency. This two‐tier functional screening system was successfully applied to obtain a pyrrolysyl–tRNA synthetase (PylRS) variant (CrtK‐RS(4.1)) with significantly improved efficiency (+250–370 %) for mediating the incorporation of Nϵ‐crotonyl‐lysine and other lysine analogues of relevance for the study of protein post‐translational modifications into a target protein. Interestingly, the beneficial mutations accumulated by CrtK‐RS(4.1) were found to localize within the noncatalytic N‐terminal domain of the enzyme and could be transferred to another PylRS variant, improving the ability of the variant to incorporate its corresponding ncAA substrate. This work introduces an efficient platform for the improvement of aaRSs that could be readily extended to other members of this enzyme family and/or other target ncAAs.
Boosting Vis/NIR Charge‐Transfer Absorptions of Iron(II) Complexes by N‐Alkylation and N‐Deprotonation in the Ligand Backbone
Authors: Mengel Andreas K. C. , Bissinger Christian , Dorn Matthias , Back Oliver , Förster Christoph , Heinze Katja 
Published: April 2017

AbstractReversing the metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer (3MLCT)/metal‐centered (3MC) excited state order in iron(II) complexes is a challenging objective, yet would finally result in long‐sought luminescent transition‐metal complexes with an earth‐abundant central ion. One approach to achieve this goal is based on low‐energy charge‐transfer absorptions in combination with a strong ligand field. Coordinating electron‐rich and electron‐poor tridentate oligopyridine ligands with large bite angles at iron(II) enables both low‐energy MLCT absorption bands around 590 nm and a strong ligand field. Variations of the electron‐rich ligand by introducing longer alkyl substituents destabilizes the iron(II) complex towards ligand substitution reactions while hardly affecting the optical properties. On the other hand, N‐deprotonation of the ligand backbone is feasible and reversible, yielding deep‐green complexes with charge‐transfer bands extending into the near‐IR region. Time‐dependent density functional theory calculations assign these absorption bands to transitions with dipole‐allowed ligand‐to‐ligand charge transfer character. This unique geometric and electronic situation establishes a further regulating screw to increase the energy gap between potentially emitting charge‐transfer states and the non‐radiative ligand field states of iron(II) dyes.
Folding Topology of a Short Coiled‐Coil Peptide Structure Templated by an Oligonucleotide Triplex
Authors: Lou Chenguang , Christensen Niels Johan , Martos‐Maldonado Manuel C. , Midtgaard Søren Roi , Ejlersen Maria , Thulstrup Peter W. , Sørensen Kasper K. , Jensen Knud J. , Wengel Jesper 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe rational design of a well‐defined protein‐like tertiary structure formed by small peptide building blocks is still a formidable challenge. By using peptide–oligonucleotide conjugates (POC) as building blocks, we present the self‐assembly of miniature coiled‐coil α‐helical peptides guided by oligonucleotide duplex and triplex formation. POC synthesis was achieved by copper‐free alkyne–azide cycloaddition between three oligonucleotides and a 23‐mer peptide, which by itself exhibited multiple oligomeric states in solution. The oligonucleotide domain was designed to furnish a stable parallel triplex under physiological pH, and to be capable of templating the three peptide sequences to constitute a small coiled‐coil motif displaying remarkable α‐helicity. The formed trimeric complex was characterized by ultraviolet thermal denaturation, gel electrophoresis, circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS), and molecular modeling. Stabilizing cooperativity was observed between the trimeric peptide and the oligonucleotide triplex domains, and the overall molecular size (ca. 12 nm) in solution was revealed to be independent of concentration. The topological folding of the peptide moiety differed strongly from those of the individual POC strands and the unconjugated peptide, exclusively adopting the designed triple helical structure.
Ambient Stable Radical Cations, Diradicaloid π‐Dimeric Dications, Closed‐Shell Dications, and Diradical Dications of Methylthio‐Capped Rylenes
Authors: Qi Qingbiao , Burrezo Paula Mayorga , Phan Hoa , Herng Tun Seng , Gopalakrishna Tullimilli Y. , Zeng Wangdong , Ding Jun , Casado Juan , Wu Jishan 
Published: April 2017

AbstractRadical cations and dications of π‐conjugated systems play vital roles in organic electronic devices, organic conductors, and conducting polymers. Their structures, charge and spin distribution, and mechanism of charge transport are of great interest. In this article, radical cations and dications of a series of newly synthesized methylthio‐capped rylenes were synthesized and isolated. Their ground‐state structures, physical properties, and solid‐state packing were systematically investigated by various experimental methods, such as X‐ray crystallographic analysis, UV/Vis/NIR absorption spectroscopy, (spectro‐)electrochemistry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, electron spin resonance spectroscopy, superconducting quantum interference device, and Raman spectroscopy, assisted by DFT calculations. It was found that all the charged species show an exceptional stability under ambient air and light conditions due to the efficient spin and charge delocalization over the whole rylene backbone. The dication of hexarylene turned out to have an unusual open‐shell singlet rather than closed‐shell ground state, thus it can be described as a diradical dication. Dimerization was observed for the radical cations and even the dications in crystals due to the strong intermolecular antiferromagnetic spin–spin interaction and π–π interaction, which result in unique magnetic properties. Such intermolecular association was also observed in solution.
Sc2C as a Promising Anode Material with High Mobility and Capacity: A First‐Principles Study
Authors: Lv Xingshuai , Wei Wei , Sun Qilong , Yu Lin , Huang Baibiao , Dai Ying 
Published: April 2017

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) Sc2C, an example of a MXene, has been attracting extensive attention due to its distinctive properties and great potential in applications such as energy storage. In light of its high capacity and fast charging–discharging performance, Sc2C exhibits significant potential as an anode material for lithium‐ and sodium‐ion batteries. Herein, a systematic investigation of Li/Na atom adsorption and diffusion on Sc2C planes was performed based on density functional calculations. The metallic character of pristine and adsorbed Sc2C ensures desirable electric conductivity, which indicates the advantages of 2D Sc2C for lithium‐ and sodium‐ion batteries. A significant charge transfer from the Li/Na atoms to Sc2C is predicted, which indicates the cationic state of the adatoms. In addition, the diffusion barriers are as low as 0.018 and 0.012 eV for Li and Na, respectively, which illustrates the high mobility and cycling ability of Sc2C. In particular, each formula unit of Sc2C can adsorb up to two Li/Na atoms, which corresponds to a relatively high theoretical capacity of 462 or 362 mAh g−1. The average electrode potential was calculated to be as low as 0.32 and 0.24 V for stoichiometric Li2Sc2C and Na2Sc2C, respectively, which makes Sc2C attractive for the overall voltage of the cell. Herein, our results suggest that Sc2C could be a promising anode candidate for both lithium‐ion and sodium‐ion batteries.
Overview of Genetic Diagnosis in Cancer
Authors: Korf Bruce R. , Mikhail Fady M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBoth cytogenetic and molecular genetic studies can contribute to the management of patients with cancer. In some cases, genetic markers are specific to particular tumor types and are useful in diagnosis. This can be helpful in distinguishing histologically similar tumors that may respond differently to treatment and can sometimes be of prognostic value. Genetic markers can also be tools for following the response of a tumor to therapy, providing a sensitive means to detect relapse. This introductory unit considers some of the types of genetic changes that occur in association with malignancies, as well as major approaches used in their detection. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
SiW12–TiO2 Mesoporous Layer for Enhanced Electron‐Extraction Efficiency and Conductivity in Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Dong Guohua , Ye Tengling , Yang Yulin , Sheng Li , Xia Debin , Wang Junhai , Fan Xiao , Fan Ruiqing 
Published: April 2017

AbstractHigh quality electron‐transport layer (ETL) with superior optical and electrical properties is an essential part in high efficient perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this work, SiW12–TiO2 mesoporous film is prepared by a facile one‐step spin‐coating deposition method and successfully applied as ETL in PSCs. Compared with pristine TiO2‐based PSC, the SiW12–TiO2‐based one shows a remarkable enhanced power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 12.00 to 14.66 %, which is owed to the higher conductivity, electron‐extraction efficiency, and well‐matched energy level alignment of SiW12–TiO2 film. Moreover, the SiW12–TiO2‐based device also shows a good long‐time stability in under ambient conditions. This work demonstrates that using polyoxometalates (POMs) to modify the metal‐oxide semiconductors is an effective approach for further enhancing the performance of PSCs.
κ‐channel connectivity in cognitive radio networks for bounded tree‐width graphs
Authors: Yadav Ram Narayan , Misra Rajiv 
Published: April 2017

SummaryChannel connectivity problem in cognitive radio network (CCP in CRN) is to find a channel assignment for secondary users (SUs) such that underlying graph induced by SUs (potential graph) is connected. Channel connectivity problem in CRNs has been proved to be NP‐complete for general graph and remains NP‐complete even if the underlying potential graph is the tree. Fixed parameter tractability of CCP in CRN has been of research interest because of its practicability. In this work, we have proposed novel problem of fixed parameter tractability for κ‐CCP of CRN (κ‐CCP in CRN), ie, whether a given CRN remains connected when any of κ−1 channels are reclaimed by primary users, called κ‐CCP. This is very crucial to check and design an effective channel assignment algorithm that provides connectivity to SUs on channels reclamation by primary users. To our knowledge, fixed parameter tractability of κ‐CCP in CRNs has not been studied and becoming useful because of development of 5G if the underlying potential graph has bounded tree‐width and number of channels is parameterized. We address κ‐CCP in CRN and propose an O(α)O(α)nO(1) time algorithm if the underlying potential graph is bounded by tree‐width and generates a feasible channel assignment under which given CRN is κ‐channel connected, where α is the number of channels and n is the number of SUs in CRN. We show that the κ‐CCP is fixed parameter tractable, when underlying potential graph has bounded tree‐width and number of channels is parameterized. To count the different possible potential solution of κ‐CCP, we propose a polynomial time algorithm for the corresponding enumeration problem (the number of different feasible channel assignments) Enum‐κ‐CCP on the potential graph with bounded tree‐width when the number of channels is bounded by a constant. Through simulation, we have observed that the feasibility of κ‐CCP highly depends on the available channels at each SU and number of radio present at each SU.