bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coordination‐Cluster‐Based Molecular Magnetic Refrigerants
Authors: Zhang Shaowei , Cheng Peng 
Published: July 2016

AbstractCoordination polymers serving as molecular magnetic refrigerants have been attracting great interest. In particular, coordination cluster compounds that demonstrate their apparent advantages on cryogenic magnetic refrigerants have attracted more attention in the last five years. Herein, we mainly focus on depicting aspects of syntheses, structures, and magnetothermal properties of coordination clusters that serve as magnetic refrigerants on account of the magnetocaloric effect. The documented molecular magnetic refrigerants are classified into two primary categories according to the types of metal centers, namely, homo‐ and heterometallic clusters. Every section is further divided into several subgroups based on the metal nuclearity and their dimensionalities, including discrete molecular clusters and those with extended structures constructed from molecular clusters. The objective is to present a rough overview of recent progress in coordination‐cluster‐based molecular magnetic refrigerants and provide a tutorial for researchers who are interested in the field.
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Copper‐Catalyzed Transformations Using Cu–H, Cu–B, and Cu–Si as Active Catalyst Species
Authors: Tsuji Yasushi , Fujihara Tetsuaki 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis review summarizes transformations using copper hydride (Cu–H), boryl copper (Cu–B) or silyl copper (Cu–Si) as active catalyst species. Semihydrogenation, hydroboration, and hydrocarboxylation have been developed using Cu–H as active catalyst species. Preferential reduction of sterically hindered ketones is accompanied by Cu–H species bearing a bowl‐shaped phosphine as a crucial ligand. Employing Cu–B species, hydroboration of alkynes and allenes, synthesis of 2‐boryl‐1,3‐butadiene, and borylative allyl–allyl coupling are established. Silacarboxylation of alkynes, regiodivergent silacarboxylation of allenes, and silylative allylation of ketones involve Cu–Si species. The key to these selective transformations is regioselective addition of Cu–H, Cu–B, or Cu–Si species to carbon–carbon multiple bonds of alkynes and allenes to afford the corresponding alkenylcopper or allylcopper intermediates.
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An imaging investigation of in situ uroliths in hospitalized cats in New Zealand and in the United States
Authors: Wightman Paul F. , Hill Kate E. , Cohen Eli B. , Bridges Janis , Bolwell Charlotte F. , French John , Adler Brian A. , Green Ron 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe submission rates of feline uroliths to laboratories and the composition of uroliths have been reported in studies. The prevalence of uroliths reported on imaging findings has not been published. The objective of this retrospective study was to use imaging data to investigate the anatomical location and the prevalence of macroscopic in situ uroliths in cats. Radiographs, sonograms and imaging reports from two cohorts of cats (from New Zealand (n = 497) and the United States (n = 693)) from 2004‐2013 were reviewed for the presence of in situ uroliths. Uroliths were categorized by their location in the lower or upper urinary tract. Radiographic studies were performed on 43% (212/497) of the cats from New Zealand and 50% (349/693) of the cats from the USA. Sonographic studies were performed on 57% (285/497) of the cats from New Zealand and 50% (344/693) of the cats from the USA. The total prevalence of uroliths was 3% in the New Zealand cohort and 13% in the USA cohort. Lower tract urolith prevalence in the New Zealand cohort was 2.4% (5/212) in cats ≤ 6y and 1.1% (3/285) in cats >6y. Upper tract urolith prevalence in the New Zealand cohort was 0.5% (1/212) in cats ≤ 6y and 1.8% (5/285) in cats >6y. Lower tract urolith prevalence in the United States cohort was 6.0% (11/183) in cats ≤ 6y and 2.9% (15/510) in cats >6y. Upper tract urolith prevalence in the United States cohort was 2.7% (5/183) in cats ≤ 6y and 10.2% (52/510) in cats >6y. The prevalence of uroliths in the upper tract or lower tract was low in the New Zealand cohort compared to that of cats in the USA cohort, irrespective of age category. Geographical location may be important when evaluating risk factors for feline urolithiasis.
A Novel Self‐assembled Nickel(II)‐Cerium(III) Heterotetranuclear Dimer Constructed from N2O2‐type Bisoxime and Terephthalic Acid: Synthesis, Structure, and Photophysical Properties
Authors: Wang Li , Ma Jian‐Chun , Dong Wen‐Kui , Zhu Li‐Chun , Zhang Yang 
Published: July 2016

Abstract By self‐assembly of a Salamo‐type ligand H2L [H2L = 1,2‐bis(3‐methoxysalicylideneaminooxy)ethane] with Ni(OAc)2·4H2O, Ce(NO3)3·6H2O, and H2bdc (H2bdc = terephthalic acid), a novel NiII‐CeIII heterometallic complex, [{Ni(L)Ce(NO3)2(CH3OH)(DMF)}2(bdc)], was obtained. Two crystallographically equivalent [Ni(L)Ce(NO3)2(CH3OH)(DMF)] moieties lie in the inversion center, and are linked by one bdc2– ligand leading to a heterotetranuclear dimer, in which the carboxylato group bridges the NiII and CeIII atoms. Moreover, the photophysical properties of the NiII‐CeIII complex were studied.
Chronic Pain, Quality of Life, and Functional Impairment After Surgery Due to Small Bowel Obstruction
Authors: Jeppesen Maja , Tolstrup Mai‐Britt , Gögenur Ismail 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundEmergency laparotomy is a high‐risk procedure regarding short‐term outcomes; however, long‐term outcomes are not well described. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of chronic postoperative pain, pain‐related functional impairment, and incisional hernias and to evaluate the gastrointestinal quality of life after emergency laparotomy due to small bowel obstruction.MethodsThis study was a questionnaire study, conducted at a major gastrointestinal‐surgery department in a single tertiary university hospital in Denmark. Patients who had been through emergency laparotomy due to small bowel obstruction were included in the study. The extent of acute and chronic postoperative pain and the prevalence of incisional hernias were examined with specially designed questionnaires, while the pain quality was assed by the self‐report version of the S‐LANSS‐questionnaire. Pain‐related functional impairment and quality of life were measured using the AAS and the GIQLI questionnaire, respectively.ResultsA total of 90 patients returned the questionnaire (response rate 82 %). Nineteen patients (21 %) suffered from chronic postoperative pain. Seventeen patients (19 %) had pain‐related functional impairment as a result of the surgery, and 17 patients (19 %) had an incisional hernia at follow‐up. Patients with chronic postoperative pain had significantly lower gastrointestinal quality of life score compared with the remaining study population (109 (IQR 39) vs. 127 (IQR 19), P < 0.001).ConclusionsChronic postoperative pain is a common long‐term complication after emergency laparotomy, and it is related to decreased quality of life. These results should be confirmed in prospective studies.
Preoperative Left Portal Vein Embolization for Left Liver Resection in High‐Risk Hepatobiliary Malignancy Patients
Authors: Hwang Shin , Ko Gi‐Young , Kim Myeong‐Hwan , Lee Sung‐Koo , Gwon Dong‐Il , Ha Tae‐Yong , Song Gi‐Won , Jung Dong‐Hwan , Park Do Hyun , Lee Sang Soo 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundPreoperative portal vein embolization (PVE) is performed for right liver (RL) and sometimes left liver (LL) resection to prevent postoperative surgical complications.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 10 patients who underwent preoperative left PVE before LL resection for hepatobiliary malignancies along with 3 propensity score‐matched control groups (n = 40 each).ResultsMean patient age was 68.6 ± 6.9 years. Diagnoses included intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (n = 4), perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (n = 3), neuroendocrine carcinoma (n = 1), recurrent cholangiocarcinoma (n = 1), and inflammatory liver mass (n = 1). The reason for left PVE was a large LL >40 % of the total liver volume (TLV) with a major comorbidity or age > 70 years with a poor overall condition. All patients underwent preplanned operations, including LL resection at 1–3 weeks post PVE. The LL volume proportion of the TLV was 44.9 ± 1.7 and 40.7 ± 2.3 % before and after PVE; thus, 1–2 weeks post PVE, the kinetic shrinkage rate of the LL was 9.4 ± 3.3 %, and the kinetic growth rate of the RL was 7.6 ± 2.7 %. The overall surgical complication rates were 40, 50, and 39.2 % in the left PVE, large LL control, and all three control groups, respectively (p ≥ 0.727). In contrast, the adjusted rates of major complications were 0 % in the left PVE group versus 36.8 % (p = 0.040), 25.6 % (p = 0.123), and 15.8 % (p = 0.295) in the large‐, medium‐, and small‐sized LL control groups, respectively.ConclusionsOur experience indicates that left PVE is safe and induces atrophy of the LL effectively. We suggest that it can be a useful option to reduce the risk of postoperative complications in elderly high‐risk patients.
Selective Parathyroid Hormone Venous Sampling in Patients with Persistent or Recurrent Primary Hyperparathyroidism and Negative, Equivocal or Discordant Noninvasive Imaging
Authors: Sun Philip Y. , Thompson Scott M. , Andrews James C. , Wermers Robert A. , McKenzie Travis J. , Richards Melanie L. , Farley David R. , Thompson Geoffrey B. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundIn patients with persistent (P‐PHPT) or recurrent (R‐PHPT) primary hyperparathyroidism, preoperative localization is important. Selective parathyroid hormone venous sampling (sPVS) is an invasive technique that can be used to regionalize and/or lateralize the source of PHPT when noninvasive imaging studies are nonlocalizing. The aim of the present study was to assess the role of sPVS in the preoperative evaluation of patients with P‐PHPT or R‐PHPT and negative, equivocal, or discordant noninvasive imaging localization.MethodsAfter IRB‐approval a retrospective review of all patients with P‐PHPT or R‐PHPT and nonlocalizing noninvasive imaging that underwent sPVS from 2000 to 2014 was performed. The location of the source of PHPT at sPVS was predicted by a parathyroid hormone (PTH) gradient and compared to the surgical, pathology, and biochemical follow‐up data as the gold standard. Sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) were calculated.ResultsOf 30 patients who underwent sPVS, 12 patients did not undergo surgical exploration due to negative or non‐localizing PTH gradient (n = 8) or opted for medical management (n = 4). Of the 18 patients who underwent surgical exploration, 17 (94 %) had a positive PTH gradient and pathologic parathyroid tissue identified at surgery. Sensitivity and PPV of sPVS were 93 and 77 %, respectively, for all surgical cases, 86 and 60.0 % for cervical cases (n = 11), and 100 and 100 % for mediastinal cases (n = 7). Sixteen patients (89 %) were surgically cured.ConclusionsIn patients with P‐PHPT or R‐PHPT and nonlocalizing imaging studies, sPVS is a sensitive test for localizing the source of PHPT when a positive PTH gradient is present.
Girls' and boys' experience with teen sexting in early and late adolescence
Authors: Ševčíková Anna 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTThis study explored the extent to which sexting represents a problematic behavior in early and late adolescence. Using data from the EU Kids Online II project (17,016 participants aged 11–16 from 25 European countries, 49.7% boys), multilevel logistic regression analyses were conducted separately for four groups: younger girls, older girls, younger boys, and older boys. Irrespective of age and gender, sexting was associated with emotional problems and alcohol use. Its effect decreased in older adolescents, except for emotional difficulties, which remained relatively high in older boys. Vaginal sex was associated with sexting in both younger and older boys while, in girls, the association was observed only in the older group. Younger boys with higher self‐efficacy were more likely to send sexts than those with lower self‐efficacy. Although sexting is associated with psychological challenges and other types of risk behavior, sexting in some younger boys may not necessarily represent problematic behavior.
Searching for protein biomarkers in pain medicine – Mindless dredging or rational fishing?
Authors: Bäckryd E. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Aims
Biomarker research seems to be somewhat controversial in pain medicine. Because pain is a subjective experience, renowned pain researcher Eija Kalso wrote in a 2004 Pain editorial that biomarkers for pain is an impossibility. However, in the same editorial, she also seemed to imply that what she called “biomarkers of (neuronal) activity in the nociceptive pathway” would be possible. Recently, I proposed the neologism “noci-marker” as a better term than “pain biomarker” for denoting attempts to find objective, measurable correlates to the neurobiological processes involved in different pain conditions. The purpose of the present conceptual work is to propose criteria for sensible hypothesis-generating research in the field of “noci-marker” research.

Method
Conceptual theoretical work, with examples from the literature.

Results
Criteria for sensible biomarker research in pathological pain conditions, together with examples from the literature, will be presented for discussion, including consideration of (work in progress):

“Mirroring” rationale – which body fluid is studied? The example of saliva vs. cerebrospinal fluid.

Time frame rationale – when is it sensible to look for what? The example of Cystatin C.

Statistical considerations – univariate multiple testing vs. correlation structure of a whole data set. The example of multivariate data analysis by projection using SIMCA.

The definition of patient cohorts – clinically and phenotypically.

Relating findings to the literature and to systems biology. The example of Pain Networks.

Reporting issues – how should the hypothesis-generating (explorative) nature of such studies be acknowledged?

Conclusions
Although it seems ethically dangerous and philosophically dubious to talk about “pain biomarkers”, searching for biological correlates to pathological activity in the nociceptive pathways (“noci-markers”) seems justified and conceptually possible.
Effectiveness of smart tablets as a distraction during needle insertion amongst children with port catheter: Pre-research with pre-post test design
Authors: Bragadóttir B. , Hjörleifsdóttir J. , Egeland S.E. , Kristjánsdóttir G. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Aims
Children who experience pain and anxiety while undergoing interventions or treatments during hospitalization at a young age can experience negative feelings which can influence how they experience health care in the future.
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the protocol of using a tablet computer as a source of distraction from pain and fear when children undergo needle insertion in a port catheter (port-a-cath®).

Methods
The study uses a quasi-experimental pretest-post test design with a sample of 14 children, 20 months to 16 years of age, 9 boys and 5 girls. Pain and fear were first evaluated without the distraction of a tablet computer. The second time pain and fear were evaluated while a tablet computer was used for distraction. The children evaluated their pain and fear with a 10 cm Numeric Rating Scale (NRS/VAS) and six faces scales in all cases except three. In those three cases the mothers evaluated the children’s pain and fear with the NRS, the Faces scale, or the Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability scale (FLACC).

Results
The Shapiro-Wilk test showed a significant distribu-tion (p < 0.05) of pain and fear but most subjects did not feel any fear before the intervention. The mean score of pain was 2.90 (sd = 3.67) and the mean score for fear was 3.67 (sd = 3.76). No significant difference was found between pain and the fear prior to the intervention (p = 0.09). Children who felt fear prior to the intervention (n = 5) experienced significantly lower pain when a tablet computer was used (p<0.05). No difference was found between pain and fear by age or gender. No difference in pain was found by the type of distraction (p = 0.20). All subjects where highly experienced with needle insertions and some of them had developed their own approach to deal with the intervention.

Conclusions
More extensive research is needed in this area.
Sport participation and physical activity level in relation to musculoskeletal pain in a population-based sample of adolescents: The Young-HUNT Study
Authors: Guddal M.H. , Småstuen M.C. , Stensland S. , Johnsen M.B. , Zwart J.A. , Storheim K. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Aims
Studies have shown conflicting results regarding associations between physical activity (PA) and musculoskeletal pain among adolescents, and few have evaluated the impact of sport participation. Therefore, the aims of this study were to examine the associations between sport participation and persistent weekly pain by body region in a population-based sample of adolescents.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, data from the adolescent part of the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (Young-HUNT3) were used. Participants were asked how often during the last 3 months they had experienced pain in the neck-and-shoulders (NSP), low back (LBP) or lower extremities (LEP). The impact of sport participation and PA level on pain was evaluated using logistic regression analyses, stratified by gender, and adjusted for age, socioeconomic status and psychological distress.

Results
In total, 3765 boys and 3831 girls were included, mean age 15.8 years (SD 1.7). NSP was most prevalent (17%). Adolescents who participated in endurance sports had lower odds of NSP and LBP compared to non-participants. Participation in technical sports was associated with increased odds of LBP, and participation in team sports with increased odds of LEP, vs. no participation in the respective sports. Participation in strength sports and risk sports, vs. no participation, was related to higher levels of pain in all regions. Compared to a low PA level, a moderate PA level reduced the odds of NSP and LBP, whereas a high PA level increased the odds of LEP.

Conclusion
This study identified sports potentially protective, as well as sports associated with higher odds of NSP, LBP and LEP in a large population-based sample, and has increased the understanding of participation in sports as potential determinants of musculoskeletal pain among adolescents. Our findings highlight that types of sport adolescents participate in should be considered by healthcare professionals when evaluating their musculoskeletal pain.
Predictors of long-term opioid use among chronic nonmalignant pain patients: A register-based national open cohort study
Authors: Hansen C.A. , Abrahamsen B. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Aims
(1) To determine the distribution and determinants of opioid use among chronic nonmalignant pain (CNP) patients. (2) To identify the patient, treatment and socioeconomic characteristics as determinants for potential risk groups.
We hypothesized that CNP patient who use opioids for more than 1 year would differ in demographics and comorbidity from other patients who use opioids for less than 6 months.

Methods
National registers were used to include patients beginning opioid therapy in the period 01/01/2000-31/12/2014 (incl.). The cohort consists of adults aged 16 years or older who redeemed at least one prescription for an opioid product and residing in Denmark, analysing only patients who survived for at least two years. Follow-up minimum one year after the last redeemed opioid prescription or to 31/12/2015. Participants are included at first redeemed prescription for an opioid product using the ATC codes N02AA01-N02AX06. Patients were then classified as either opioid use for more than 1 year (group A), as opioid use for more than 6 months but less than 1 year (group B) and opioid use equal to or less than 6 months (group C).

Results
The quantity of sold opioids has been increasing during 1997-2008, with a fairly stable but high level since. It is expected that we will be able to determine patterns and the distribution of opioid use among CNP patients in Denmark. Consequently, describing potential risk groups of opioid use based on patient, treatment, comorbidity, socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. Data analysis is ongoing.

Conclusions
It is expected that this study will serve as a significant supplement of existing knowledge in the area of opioid consumption among CNP patients in Denmark. In a future perspective of prevention and health promotion initiatives of the growing public health problem CNP, it might be beneficial to include perspectives of risk assessment of long-term opioid use.

http://medstat.dk/ statistics for annual sales of medicines in Denmark 1996–2014.
ADRB2, pain and opioids in mice and man
Authors: Kambur O. , Samoshkin A. , Kaunisto M. , Wieskopf J.S. , Mogil J.S. , Diatchenko L. , Kalso E. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Aims
We aim to characterize the effects of variation within ADRB2-gene on pain and opioid requirements in human patients. We will assess ADRB2-OPRM1-6TM heterodimer as a molecular mechanism, potentially explaining pronociceptive and antianalgetic effects, using preclinical in vitro and in vivo models. We will further assess clinical significance via its genetic proxy, rs563649 in humans

Methods
In humans, experimental and postoperative pain and opioid responses were assessed in 1000 breast cancer surgery patients. Association of ADRB2 (n = 40) and OPRM1 (n = 1) polymorphisms was assessed using linear regression and analysis of variances (ANOVA). In vitro methods involved immunofluorescence microscopy (IF), cellular localization and translocation of 6TM/β2AR-heterodimers and Ca2+-measurements. Behavioral in vivo characterization was performed in mice using formalin, von Frey, hot plate and cold plate tests after administration of morphine, specific OPRM1-6TM agonist IBNtxA and ADRB2-antagonist ICI118,551.

Results
In humans, several ADRB2 SNPs were associated with pain and opioid phenotypes. The strongest associations were seen between cold pain phenotypes and rs17108817 & rs11957757 (p	< 0.0001). In vitro, coexpression with β2-Ars increased translocation of 6TM-MOR to plasma membrane and Ca2+responses after treatment with selective 6TM-agonist, IBNtxA, compared with the cells expressing OPRM1-6TM alone. In vivo, co-administration of P2AR selective antagonist ICI 118,551 increased analgesic efficacy of opioids in a synergistic manner and reduced opioid-induced hyperalgesia.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that ADRB2 and genetic variation in ADRB2-gene are involved in the modulation of human pain and opioid responses. 6TM-MOR/P2-AR heterodimerization represents a molecular mechanism causing excitatory cellular effects and sufficient explanatory potential to explain pronociceptive and antianalgesic effects. Our animal findings further confirmed the concept of β2-AR and 6TM-MOR interaction in vivo. We suggest that co-administration of β-blockers with opioids might increase efficacy and safety of OPRM1 agonists.