bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptive coping strategies of affected family members of a relative with substance misuse: A qualitative study
Authors: McCann Terence V. , Lubman Dan I. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAimTo explore the coping strategies used by affected family members of a relative with substance misuse.BackgroundFamilies play an important role in supporting a relative with substance misuse. However, the experience often has an adverse effect on their general well‐being, the extent of which depends largely on their coping strategies.DesignAn interpretative phenomenological analysis study. Data were collected between January ‐ December 2015.MethodSemistructured, audio‐recorded qualitative interviews were conducted with 31 affected family members.ResultsThree main themes and related subthemes were abstracted from the data illustrating how participants coped with their relative's substance misuse: (1) Seeking timely access to evidence‐based information; (2) Enhancing personal coping strategies and (3) Accessing informal and formal support.ConclusionGreater investment is needed in support services for affected family members, particularly in regional and rural areas. A wide range of accessible evidence‐based information and informal and formal support, including telephone and online support, is needed to assist them to cope in this crucial support‐giving role. Affected family members need to adopt a flexible set of coping strategies while supporting a relative with substance misuse. Family and friends, alcohol and other drug services, mental health nurses and other clinicians have a critical role providing emotional, instrumental and educational support to affected family members to enhance their adaptive coping strategies.
A qualitative study of decision‐making on PhaseIIIrandomized clinical trial participation in paediatric oncology: Adolescents’ and parents’ perspectives and preferences
Authors: Ingersgaard Marianne Vie , Tulstrup Morten , Schmiegelow Kjeld , Larsen Hanne Bækgaard 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAimTo explore parents’ and adolescents’ motives for accepting/declining participation in theALL2008 trials and adolescents’ involvement in the decision‐making process.BackgroundChildren and adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia treated on the Nordic Society of Paediatric Haematology and OncologyALL2008 protocol were eligible for two randomizations testing 6‐mercaptopurine treatment intensifications to improve efficacy and Asparaginase de‐escalation to reduce toxicity. We recently reported that while adolescents favoured treatment reduction, parents of young children favoured treatment intensification.DesignA qualitative, exploratory study.MethodsA maximum variation sampling strategy was used. Five adolescents aged 12–17 years, six parents of adolescents and five parents of children aged 1–12 years were interviewed in the period March–May 2015. Data were analysed using content analysis.FindingsAdolescents and parents emphasized the importance of adolescents’ active participation in decisions regarding enrolment into clinical trials. A majority of adolescents were either final or collaborative decision‐makers. Parents stated that in case of disagreement, they would overrule the adolescents’ decision. There were no differences between motivations of preferences held by parents of children or adolescents, respectively. Decisions were based on subjective values attributed to cure contra toxicity and individual preferences for either standard or experimental treatment. The possibility of a negative outcome induced fear of decisional regret and distress by the parents, yet they invested considerable trust in the physician's expertise.ConclusionOur findings highlight the importance of adolescents’ active involvement in consent conferences. Research on management of disagreements between adolescents and parents in trial decisions is needed.
Integrative review of the social determinants of health in older adults with multimorbidity
Authors: Northwood Melissa , Ploeg Jenny , Markle‐Reid Maureen , Sherifali Diana 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAimTo examine how the social determinants of health have been considered in conceptualizations of multimorbidity in older adults in the literature and to identify implications for nursing practice, research and healthcare planning and policy.BackgroundThe common conceptualization of multimorbidity is the presence of multiple chronic conditions where one is not more central than others.DesignThe integrative review methodology of Whittemore and Knafl was employed. The World Health Organization Social Determinants of Health framework was used to determine how the social determinants of health have been considered in conceptualizations of multimorbidity.Data sourcesA search of electronic databases (2000–2015) generated 22 relevant articles, including quantitative and qualitative studies and grey literature reports.Review methodsA systematic process was used to appraise the quality of the documents, conduct qualitative data analysis procedures of data extraction, coding and theme development, and synthesize conclusions.ResultsCurrent conceptualizations of multimorbidity provide limited consideration of the complex interplay of multimorbidity with the broader social determinants of health. Gender, education, behaviours and the health system were the most commonly cited determinants. Ethnicity, socioeconomic status/social class and material circumstances received little attention. Most of the dimensions of socioeconomic political context were not discussed.ConclusionThe predominant conceptualization of multimorbidity focuses on the biomedical dimensions of multimorbidity. Consequently, nursing practice, research and policy informed by this literature could inadvertently sustain the mismatch between the needs of older adults with multimorbidity and the services they receive. Future research to inform a new conceptualization is necessary.
Positive and negative intergroup contact predict Black and White Americans' judgments about police violence against Black Americans
Authors: Hayward Lydia E. , Hornsey Matthew J. , Tropp Linda R. , Barlow Fiona Kate 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe examined whether past positive and negative interracial contact predict people's views of interracial police violence. White (N = 207) and Black (N = 116) Americans reported on their past intergroup experiences before viewing information about one of two true events involving the death of a Black man at the hands of a White police officer. For White Americans, negative contact predicted a reluctance to blame the officer and a willingness to believe that people's responses to the events involved “playing the race card.” For Black Americans, positive contact predicted marginally less officer blame and lower beliefs that the victim was racially profiled. This suggests the potential for a vicious cycle, whereby past contact experiences color perceptions of intergroup conflict in the present.
Dietary behaviors in relation to prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome in adolescent girls
Authors: Khayyatzadeh Sayyed Saeid , Kazemi‐Bajestani Seyyed Mohammad Reza , Mirmousavi Seyed Jamal , Heshmati Masoud , Khoshmohabbat Somaieh , Ferns Gordon A , Ghayour‐Mobarhan Majid 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgrounds and AimsThere is limited evidence regarding the relationship between dietary behaviors and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). This study aimed to explore the association between diet‐related practices and prevalence of IBS.MethodsThe study was conducted among 988 adolescent girls living in Iran. Dietary behaviors were pre‐defined and assessed in nine domains using a pre‐tested questionnaire. To investigate the association between diet‐related practices and the presence of IBS, this study used logistic regression analysis in crude and adjusted models.ResultsThe prevalence of IBS was 16.9% in this population. Compared with individuals who did not consume fluid with their meal, those who always consumed fluid with meals had a greater chance of IBS (odds ratio [OR]: 2.91; P: 0.01). This study found a direct relationship between a greater intake of spicy food and IBS prevalence (OR: 5.28; P: 0.02). The individuals who ate fried foods every day also had a greater risk of IBS compared with those who did not consume fried foods (OR: 1.65; P: 0.01). The subjects who had lost ≥ 5 teeth had 2.23 times greater odds for IBS than the individual who had lost ≤ 1 tooth (OR: 2.23; P: 0.01) was a significant inverse relationship between the chewing sufficiency and the risk of IBS (OR: 4.04; P: 0.02). These associations remained significant after controlling for potential confounder.ConclusionsIntra‐meal fluid intake, chewing insufficiency, higher tooth loss, and the consumption of spicy and fried food were associated with increased risk of IBS. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Salvianolic acids enhance cerebral angiogenesis and neurological recovery by activating JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway after ischemic stroke in mice
Authors: Li Yaoru , Zhang Xiangjian , Cui Lili , Chen Rong , Zhang Ye , Zhang Cong , Zhu Xingyuan , He Tingting , Shen Zuyuan , Dong Lipeng , Zhao Jingru , Wen Ya , Zheng Xiufen , Li Pan 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPost‐stroke angiogenesis facilitates neurovascular remodeling process and promotes neurological recovery. Proangiogenic effects of Salvianolic acids (Sals) have been reported in various ischemic disorders. However, the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. Previous studies of our laboratory have demonstrated that activating Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK2/STAT3) signaling pathway is involved in the protection against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. In this study, we investigated the impacts of Sals on angiogenesis and long‐term neurological recovery after ischemic stroke as well as the potential mechanisms. Male mice subjected to permanent distal middle cerebral artery occlusion were administrated with Sals, 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine, and JAK2 inhibitor AG490 once daily from day 1 to day 14 after distal middle cerebral artery occlusion. Compared with the control group, Sals treatment significantly improved neurological recovery at day 14 and 28 after ischemic stroke. Sals enhanced post‐stroke angiogenesis, pericytes and astrocytic endfeet covered ratio in the peri‐infarct area. The JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway was activated by Sals in the angiogenesis process, and inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 signaling blocked the effects of Sals on post‐stroke angiogenesis and neurological recovery as well as abolished the mediation of proangiogenic factors. In summary, these data suggest that Sals administration enhances cerebral angiogenesis and promotes neurological recovery after ischemic stroke, mediated by the activation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Original article: Platelet‐rich plasma with microneedling in androgenetic alopecia along with dermoscopic pre‐ and post‐treatment evaluation
Authors: Jha Abhijeet Kumar , Udayan Uday Kumar , Roy Prasoon Kumar , Amar Amar Kant Jha , Chaudhary R K P 
Published: August 2017

SummaryBackgroundPlatelet‐rich plasma has shown beneficial effects in the treatment of androgenic alopecia with its growth factor properties in accelerating the dermal papilla. Dermoscopy is a noninvasive method that allows the in vivo evaluation of microstructures not visible to the naked eye.ObjectiveTo ascertain the role of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) with microneedling, and to compare the pre‐ and post‐treatment dermoscopic features in androgenetic alopecia. (AGA).MethodPatients with mild to moderate AGA, aged 18‐45 years with Hamilton‐Norwood score 1‐5 were included in both study and control group. Dermoscopy was performed using Dermlite II hybrid m; 3Gen dermoscope at 10× magnification in polarized mode, and photographs were taken. Those not responding or those not having any new hair growth to conventional therapy for at least 1 year were included. The study group were given autologous platelet‐rich plasma injections with microneedling over a period of 3 months at 3 weekly interval. Baseline and post‐treatment photographs were taken.ResultHair growth started after the first session. The patients’ satisfaction was more than 75% in 18 patients, on patients’ subjective hair growth assessment scale. In post‐PRP‐treated patients of AGA, increase in the number of vellus and total hairs, increased hair shaft diameter, and reduction in yellow dots were appreciated after 3 sessions. Hair pull test was negative after treatment in 14 patients (70%).ConclusionThis study reinforces the importance of dermoscopy in not only aiding in the diagnosis, but also in evaluation of pre‐ and post‐treatment response of AGA.
Clinicians’ perceptions and recognition of practice improvement strategies to prevent harms to older people in acute care hospitals
Authors: McGrath Michele , Botti Mari , Redley Bernice 
Published: August 2017

Aims and objectivesExplore clinicians’ perceptions of practice improvement strategies used to prevent harms to older people during acute hospitalisation.BackgroundOlder people are vulnerable to many interrelated preventable harms during acute care hospitalisation. Improvement strategies recommend standardisation of practices to assist healthcare staff to mitigate risk; however, older people continue to suffer preventable harms in acute hospitals.MethodsA qualitative exploratory descriptive design was used to collect data using focus groups and individual interviews from a purposive sample of 33 participants. Participants represented a wide range of clinicians from four diverse healthcare organisations. Qualitative content analysis used a framework informed by common preventable harms derived from key literature and policy documents.ResultsParticipants’ perceptions of practice improvement strategies varied depending on their role within their organisational hierarchy. Recognition of preventable harms was guided by standard risk assessment and management tools used in their organisations. Preventable harms relating to skin integrity and falls were universally recognised across all sites and roles. Alternatively, there was variability in participant recognition of preventable harms related to nutrition, continence, medications and cognition; pain was consistently overlooked as a contributor to preventable harms.ConclusionsHospital staff perceived standard clinical risk assessment and management tools as the main practice improvement strategy to prevent harms. These tools prompted staff recognition of preventable harms to older people during acute hospitalisation. Variability in the recognition of some preventable harms was attributed to variable use of standard assessment tools. Pain was unlikely to be recognised as contributing to preventable harms.Relevance to clinical practiceClinical Risk Management tools may assist clinicians in recognising and responding to preventable harms to older people during hospitalisation. These tools provide critical resources for consistent and timely assessment and evaluation of risk for preventable harms.
Aboriginal parent support: A partnership approach
Authors: Munns Ailsa , Toye Christine , Hegney Desley , Kickett Marion , Marriott Rhonda , Walker Roz 
Published: August 2017

Aims and objectivesThis study was positioned within a larger action research study relating to a peer‐led Aboriginal home visiting parent support program in an urban Western Australian setting. The aims for this study component were to identify program elements, exploring participants’ perceptions of the program's suitability, feasibility, acceptability and effectiveness to inform program model recommendations and add to the body of knowledge on effective Aboriginal peer‐led program models.BackgroundThe ability of Aboriginal parents to develop positive family environments is crucial, with parent support needing to be reflexive to local needs and sociocultural influences. Culturally appropriate service provision needs meaningful and acceptable strategies.DesignThis study was situated within a critical paradigm supporting Participatory Action Research methodology, using Action Learning Sets as the participant engagement and data collection setting.MethodsWithin ten Action Learning Sets, focus group interviews were carried out with Aboriginal peer support workers, a non‐Aboriginal parent support worker, an Aboriginal program coordinator, an Aboriginal education support officer and non‐Aboriginal program managers (n = 8), and individual interviews with parents (n = 2) and community agencies (n = 4). Data were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsFive themes were derived from peer support worker and community agency cohorts: peer support worker home visiting skills; responding to impacts of social determinants of health; client support and engagement; interagency collaboration; and issues addressing program sustainability. Parent responses augmented these themes.ConclusionsParticipants identified five key elements relating to peer‐led home visiting support for Aboriginal parents. These are uniquely placed to inform ongoing program development as there is little additional evidence in wider national and international contexts.Relevance to clinical practiceEngagement with communities and peer support workers to develop culturally relevant partnerships with Aboriginal families is integral to contemporary child health practice. Ongoing nurse support is needed for peer support worker role development.Indigenous Australian peoples are people who identify as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander. Respectfully, throughout this paper, they will be described as Aboriginal.
The nexus of nursing leadership and a culture of safer patient care
Authors: Murray Melanie , Sundin Deborah , Cope Vicki 
Published: August 2017

Aims and objectivesTo explore the connection between +6 nursing leadership and enhanced patient safety.BackgroundCritical reports from the Institute of Medicine in 1999 and Francis QC report of 2013 indicate that healthcare organisations, inclusive of nursing leadership, were remiss or inconsistent in fostering a culture of safety. The factors required to foster organisational safety culture include supportive leadership, effective communication, an orientation programme and ongoing training, appropriate staffing, open communication regarding errors, compliance to policy and procedure, and environmental safety and security. As nurses have the highest patient interaction, and leadership is discernible at all levels of nursing, nurse leaders are the nexus to influencing organisational culture towards safer practices.DesignThe position of this article was to explore the need to form a nexus between safety culture and leadership for the provision of safe care.ConclusionsSafety is crucial in health care for patient safety and patient outcomes. A culture of safety has been exposed as a major influence on patient safety practices, heavily influenced by leadership behaviours. The relationship between leadership and safety plays a pivotal role in creating positive safety outcomes for patient care. A safe culture is one nurtured by effective leadership.Relevance to practicePatient safety is the responsibility of all healthcare workers, from the highest executive to the bedside nurse, thus effective leadership throughout all levels is essential in engaging staff to provide high quality care for the best possible patient outcomes.
There is more to perinatal mental health care than depression: Public health nurses reported engagement and competence in perinatal mental health care
Authors: Higgins Agnes , Downes Carmel , Carroll Margaret , Gill Ailish , Monahan Mark 
Published: August 2017

Aims and objectivesTo explore public health nurses’ engagement, competence and education needs in relation to perinatal mental health care in Ireland.BackgroundIt is estimated that 15%–25% of women will experience a mental health problem during or postpregnancy, either as a new problem or a reoccurrence of a pre‐existing problem. Public health nurses, or their equivalent, are ideally positioned to support women's mental health and improve health outcomes for the woman and baby, yet little is known about their role and engagement with mental health issues, other than with postnatal depression. The objectives of the study were to identify public health nurses’ knowledge, skills and current practices in perinatal mental health and establish their education needs.DesignThe research used a descriptive design.MethodA total of 186 public health nurses completed an anonymous, online survey, designed by the research team.ResultsWhile public health nurses are positive about their role in supporting women's mental health, they lack the knowledge and skills to address all aspects of mental health, including opening a discussion with women on more sensitive or complex issues, such as trauma and psychosis and providing information to women. Those who received education reported statistically significant higher knowledge and confidence scores than those without.ConclusionPublic health nurses lack the knowledge and skills required to provide comprehensive perinatal mental health care to women. Future education programmes need to move beyond postnatal depression and address the range of mental health problems that may impact on women in the perinatal period.Relevance to clinical practiceWithout knowledge and skill among nurses in all aspects of perinatal mental health, women with significant mental health needs may be left to cope alone and lack the necessary prompt evidence‐based interventions and supports.
Roles and functions of enrolled nurses in Australia: Perspectives of enrolled nurses and registered nurses
Authors: Endacott Ruth , O'Connor Margaret , Williams Allison , Wood Pamela , McKenna Lisa , Griffiths Debra , Moss Cheryle , Della Phillip , Cross Wendy 
Published: August 2017

Aims and objectivesTo determine, from the perspectives of enrolled nurses and registered nurses, the current scope of enrolled nurse practice and to identify the activities that most enrolled nurses frequently performed in their workplace.BackgroundEnrolled nurse scope of practice in Australia has evolved and expanded over the past decade. However, the unclear role, function and competency differentiation between enrolled nurse and registered nurse leads to role confusion and ongoing professional debate.DesignExploratory Descriptive Study.MethodsA cross‐sectional online survey of enrolled nurses and registered nurses across Australia was conducted examining their levels of agreement on statements related to the scope of practice and the clinical and nonclinical activities that enrolled nurses were required to perform in their workplace.ResultsValid responses were received from 892 enrolled nurses and 1,198 registered nurses. Enrolled nurses mostly agreed that they understood their scope of practice; did not undertake roles for which they were unprepared; sometimes undertook activities other than direct patient care; and believed that they operated equally to many registered nurses. The majority of enrolled nurses reported that they performed tasks mostly related to basic patient care in their workplace. There were a number of significant differences between perspectives of registered nurses and enrolled nurses.ConclusionsClarifying the roles and scope of practice between the registered nurse and the enrolled nurse is important, and explicit differences in responsibility and accountability between their roles must be clearly articulated to harmonise perceptions about role and capability. Health service providers, policymakers and education providers need to work collaboratively to ensure that facets of enrolled nurse education and scope of practice in line with regulation are affirmed by all concerned.Relevance to clinical practiceHealth service providers, policymakers and education providers need to work collaboratively to ensure that facets of enrolled nurse education and scope of practice in line with regulation are affirmed by all concerned.