bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The IGF‐1/Akt/S6 pathway and expressions of glycolytic myosin heavy chain isoforms are upregulated in chicken skeletal muscle during the first week after hatching
Authors: Saneyasu Takaoki , Tsuchihashi Tatsuya , Kitashiro Ayana , Tsuchii Nami , Kimura Sayaka , Honda Kazuhisa , Kamisoyama Hiroshi 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSkeletal muscle mass is an important trait in the animal industry. We previously reported an age‐dependent downregulation of the insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1)/Akt/S6 pathway, major protein synthesis pathway, in chicken breast muscle after 1 week of age, despite a continuous increase of breast muscle weight. Myosin heavy chain (HC), a major protein in muscle fiber, has several isoforms depending on chicken skeletal muscle types. HC I (fast‐twitch glycolytic type) is known to be expressed in adult chicken breast muscle. However, little is known about the changes in the expression levels of protein synthesis‐related factors and HC isoforms in perihatching chicken muscle. In the present study, protein synthesis‐related factors, such as IGF‐1 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels, phosphorylation of Akt, and phosphorylated S6 content, increased in an age‐dependent manner after post‐hatch day (D) 0. The mRNA levels of HC I, III and V (fast‐twitch glycolytic type) dramatically increased after D0. The increase ratio of breast muscle weight was approximately 1100% from D0 to D7. To our knowledge, these findings provide the first evidence that upregulation of protein synthesis pathway and transcription of fast twitch glycolytic HC isoforms play critical roles in the increase of chicken breast muscle weight during the first week after hatching.
Cellular Potts modeling of complex multicellular behaviors in tissue morphogenesis
Authors: Hirashima Tsuyoshi , Rens Elisabeth G. , Merks Roeland M. H. 
Published: June 2017

Mathematical modeling is an essential approach for the understanding of complex multicellular behaviors in tissue morphogenesis. Here, we review the cellular Potts model (CPM; also known as the Glazier‐Graner‐Hogeweg model), an effective computational modeling framework. We discuss its usability for modeling complex developmental phenomena by examining four fundamental examples of tissue morphogenesis: (i) cell sorting, (ii) cyst formation, (iii) tube morphogenesis in kidney development, and (iv) blood vessel formation. The review provides an introduction for biologists for starting simulation analysis using the CPM framework.
Concizumab, an anti‐tissue factor pathway inhibitor antibody, induces increased thrombin generation in plasma from haemophilia patients and healthy subjects measured by the thrombin generation assay
Authors: Waters E. K. , Sigh J. , Friedrich U. , Hilden I. , Sørensen B. B. 
Published: June 2017

AimsConcizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), is being developed as a subcutaneously (s.c.) administered treatment for haemophilia. It demonstrated a concentration‐dependent procoagulant effect in functional TFPI assays; however, global haemostatic assays, such as the thrombin generation assay (TGA), offer a more complete picture of coagulation. We investigated how concizumab affects thrombin generation following ex vivo spiking in plasma from haemophilia patients using the TGA, and if the assay can detect the effect of multiple s.c. concizumab doses in healthy subjects.MethodsFor the ex vivo spiking study, platelet‐poor plasma (PPP) from 18 patients with severe haemophilia was spiked with 0.001–500 nm concizumab. For the multiple‐dosing study, four healthy males received concizumab 250 μg kg−1 s.c. every other day for eight doses; blood was collected before and after dosing and processed into PPP. In both studies, thrombin generation was measured using a Calibrated Automated Thrombogram® system with 1 pm tissue factor.ResultsIn spiked samples from haemophilia patients, peak thrombin and endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) increased concentration dependently, reaching near‐normal levels at concizumab concentrations >10 nm. Repeated s.c. doses of concizumab in healthy subjects increased both peak thrombin and ETP; these effects were sustained throughout the dosing interval.ConclusionsThrombin generation assay demonstrated increased thrombin generation with concizumab after ex vivo spiking of haemophilia plasma and multiple s.c. doses in healthy subjects, supporting both the utility of the TGA in evaluating concizumab treatment and the potential of s.c. concizumab as a novel haemophilia therapy.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis to determine the impact of iron depletion in dysmetabolic iron overload syndrome and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Murali Arvind R. , Gupta Ashutosh , Brown Kyle 
Published: June 2017

AimsIron reduction has been proposed as treatment for dysmetabolic iron overload syndrome (DIOS) and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but results of published trials are conflicting. We undertook a systematic review and meta‐analysis to determine the impact of phlebotomy in DIOS and NAFLD.MethodsWe searched multiple databases systematically for studies evaluating the impact of phlebotomy in DIOS and NAFLD. We calculated weighted summary estimates using the inverse variance method. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane collaboration tool.ResultsWe identified nine studies with 820 patients (427 had phlebotomy, 393 lifestyle changes alone). Iron depletion did not improve the Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) index (mean difference [MD] −0.6; confidence interval (CI), −1.7, 0.5; P = 0.3), insulin level (MD −0.8 mU/L; CI, −5.3, 3.7; P = 0.73), or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (MD −0.7 IU/L; CI, −3.2, 1.8; P = 0.6) in DIOS and/or NAFLD patients as compared to lifestyle changes alone (five studies, 626 patients). There was mild improvement in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (MD −6.6 IU/L; CI, −11, −2.1); P < 0.01), but the effect size was very small (Cohen's d, 0.15; r statistic, 0.07). Even in the subgroup of patients with NAFLD and hyperferritinemia, phlebotomy did not improve the HOMA index, insulin level, ALT, or AST. Additionally, no study showed significant improvement in liver inflammation or fibrosis with iron reduction.ConclusionsPhlebotomy does not bring about significant improvement in indices of insulin resistance, liver enzymes, or liver histology in patients with DIOS and/or NAFLD compared to lifestyle changes alone. Current evidence does not support the use of phlebotomy in patients with DIOS or NAFLD.
Gel network shampoo formulation and hair health benefits
Authors: Marsh J. M. , Brown M. A. , Felts T. J. , Hutton H. D. , Vatter M. L. , Whitaker S. , Wireko F. C. , Styczynski P. B. , Li C. , Henry I. D. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this work was to create a shampoo formula that contains a stable ordered gel network structure that delivers fatty alcohols inside hair.MethodsX‐ray diffraction (SAXS and WAXS), SEM and DSC have been used to confirm formation of the ordered Lβ gel network with fatty alcohol (cetyl and stearyl alcohols) and an anionic surfactant (SLE1S). Micro‐autoradiography and extraction methods using GC‐MS were used to confirm penetration of fatty alcohols into hair, and cyclic fatigue testing was used to measure hair strength.ResultsIn this work, evidence of a stable Lβ ordered gel network structure created from cetyl and stearyl alcohols and anionic surfactant (SLE1S) is presented, and this is confirmed via scanning electron microscopy images showing lamella layers and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showing new melting peaks vs the starting fatty alcohols. Hair washed for 16 repeat cycles with this shampoo showed penetration of fatty alcohols from the gel network into hair as confirmed by a differential extraction method with GC‐MS and by radiolabelling of stearyl alcohol and showing its presence inside hair cross‐sections. The gel network role in delivering fatty alcohol inside hair is demonstrated by comparing with a shampoo with added fatty alcohol not in an ordered gel network structure. The hair containing fatty alcohol was measured via the Dia‐stron cyclic fatigue instrument and showed a significantly higher number of cycles to break vs control.ConclusionsThe formation of a stable gel network was confirmed in the formulated shampoo, and it was demonstrated that this gel network is important to deliver cetyl and stearyl alcohols into hair. The presence of fatty alcohol inside hair was shown to deliver a hair strength benefit via cyclic fatigue testing.
Ranking predatory journals in dermatology: distinguishing the bad from the ugly
Authors: Tosti Antonella , Maddy Austin J. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe scientific community depends on high‐quality peer‐reviewed research, which is being polluted with pseudoscience published in fake journals that have exploited the open‐access model. This “predatory publishing” has made its way into the field of dermatology. In a recent study, we identified and listed these journals.MethodsThe “predatory rate” was calculated for 76 journals in order to rank the journals based on specific criteria associated with unethical publishing.ResultsOf the 76 journals, 89.5% were classified as predatory journals and the remaining as journals involved in predatory practices.ConclusionThe field of dermatology is not immune to predatory publishers. This study validates Beall's list as well as other previous studies. Strategies to a solution include spreading awareness throughout academic institutions and dermatology departments as well as avoiding publishers that are involved in predatory practices. However, some journals may be able to make necessary adjustments and become legitimate contributors to the field.
Stigma experience of families supporting an adult member with substance misuse
Authors: McCann Terence V. , Lubman Dan I. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractStigmatization of families supporting an adult member with substance misuse is common and undermines their capacity to support the person and maintain their own well‐being. The aims of the present study were to understand affected family members (AFMs)’ experience of stigma within the context of substance misuse, and to explicate what steps, if any, they took to try to counteract stigma and social isolation. Semistructured, audio‐recorded qualitative interviews were conducted with 31 AFMs from Victoria in Australia. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to guide data collection and analysis. Two main themes and related subthemes abstracted from the data illustrated how participants perceived and responded to stigma associated with a family member's substance misuse: ‘engaging in secrecy, and minimizing contact with others’ and ‘lack of knowledge and empathy, and judgmental attitudes reinforcing isolation’. A third theme, ‘adopting measures to moderate the effect of stigma’, highlights how some attempted to respond to stigma by challenging informal supports’ misconceptions about substance misuse, and being open selectively with others about their situation. Stigma against AFMs should be identified and challenged. Mental health nurses and other clinicians in the alcohol and other drugs field are in a strong position to support AFMs, with a particular focus on reducing courtesy stigma, challenging some clinicians’ judgmental attitudes, and improving ways of communicating with families.
Movers, shakers, and storers of charge: The legacy of ferroelectricians L. Eric Cross and Robert E. Newnham
Authors: Trolier‐McKinstry Susan , Randall Clive A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe last 100 years has seen the burgeoning of the field of ferroelectrics from a scientific curiosity to the basis of major industries in capacitors, piezoelectrics, and electro‐optics. This paper will discuss the history of the field, with an emphasis on the contributions made by Professors Robert E. Newnham and L. Eric Cross of the Pennsylvania State University. Their scientific contributions encompassed many key areas in ferroelectrics, including phenomenology, structure determination, relaxor ferroelectrics, composite piezoelectrics, structure‐property relations, and flexoelectricity. Scientific advances were often motivated by and closely coupled with application needs. Finally, their impact on global academic communities is discussed.
Autism awareness in children and young people: surveys of two populations
Authors: Dillenburger K. , Jordan J.‐A. , McKerr L. , Lloyd K. , Schubotz D. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundIncreasingly, pupils on the autism spectrum are educated in inclusive mainstream classrooms. However, they often experience social isolation and bullying, and raising the awareness of autism in peers has been suggested as a remedy.MethodsIn order to assess autism awareness in peers, autism‐related questions were included in two large‐scale surveys: the Kids Life and Times survey for 11‐year olds and the Young Life and Times survey for 16‐year olds; a total of n = 3353 children and young people completed the surveys.ResultsAutism awareness was higher for the teenagers (80%) than for the younger children (50%). Many of the children knew someone with autism (50%) and generally reported positive and supportive attitudes. Self‐reported prevalence of autism was 3.1% for teenagers and 2.7% for the younger children. Peers recognised bullying as a problem and were willing to help.ConclusionsChildren and young people have good levels of awareness and knowledge about autism and reported positive attitudes towards peers with autism and are willing to help those who are bullied. A higher than expected number of children and young people self‐reported being on the autism spectrum. These findings bode well for peer‐mediated support strategies for inclusive education.
Acneiform eruptions caused by vitamin B12: A report of five cases and review of the literature
Authors: Veraldi Stefano , Benardon Susanna , Diani Marco , Barbareschi Mauro 
Published: June 2017

SummaryWe describe five cases of acneiform eruption caused by vitamin B12 in five females aged 37, 32, 62, 29, and 21 years, respectively. The eruption appeared from 1 week to 5 months after the beginning of the therapy with i.m. or oral vitamin B12. Clinical picture was characterized by papules and pustules located on the face. In three patients, similar lesions were also present on the neck, shoulders, chest, and upper portion of the back. Comedones and cysts were absent. In two patients, serum vitamin B12 levels were very high. Histopathologic examination in one patient revealed an eosinophilic folliculitis. Spontaneous and complete remission was observed in all patients 3‐6 weeks after vitamin B12 discontinuation.
Thyroglobulin level at week 16 of pregnancy is superior to urinary iodine concentration in revealing preconceptual and first trimester iodine supply
Authors: Katko Monika , Gazso Andrea Anett , Hircsu Ildiko , Bhattoa Harjit Pal , Molnar Zsuzsanna , Kovacs Bela , Andrasi David , Aranyosi Janos , Makai Rita , Veress Lajos , Torok Olga , Bodor Miklos , Samson Laszlo , Nagy Endre V. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPregnant women are prone to iodine deficiency due to the increased need for iodine during gestation. Progress has recently occurred in establishing serum thyroglobulin (Tg) as an iodine status biomarker, but there is no accepted reference range for iodine sufficiency during pregnancy. An observational study was conducted in 164 pregnant women. At week 16 of gestation urinary iodine concentration (UIC), serum Tg, and thyroid functions were measured, and information on the type of iodine supplementation and smoking were recorded. The parameters of those who started iodine supplementation (≥150 μg/day) at least 4 weeks before pregnancy (n = 27), who started at the detection of pregnancy (n = 51), and who had no iodine supplementation (n = 74) were compared. Sufficient iodine supply was found in the studied population based on median UIC (162 μg/L). Iodine supplementation ≥150 μg/day resulted in higher median UIC regardless of its duration (nonusers: 130 μg/L vs. prepregnancy iodine starters: 240 μg/L, and pregnancy iodine starters: 205 μg/L, p < .001, and p = .023, respectively). Median Tg value of pregnancy starters was identical to that of nonusers (14.5 vs. 14.6 μg/L), whereas prepregnancy starters had lower median Tg (9.1 μg/L, p = .018). Serum Tg concentration at week 16 of pregnancy showed negative relationship (p = .010) with duration of iodine supplementation and positive relationship (p = .008) with smoking, a known interfering factor of iodine metabolism, by multiple regression analysis. Serum Tg at week 16 of pregnancy may be a promising biomarker of preconceptual and first trimester maternal iodine status, the critical early phase of foetal brain development.
Substrate characteristics and ablation outcome of left atrial tachycardia in rheumatic mitral valve disease
Authors: Chen Hongwu , Yang Bing , Ju Weizhu , Zhang Fengxiang , Yang Gang , Gu Kai , Li Mingfang , Liu Hailei , Wang Zidun , Cao Kejiang , Chen Minglong 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundRight atrial tachycardia (AT) is a common arrhythmia postsurgical valve replacement in patients with rheumatic heart disease (RHD). However, the substrate and the mechanism of left AT in such patients and the ablation efficacy is less known.Methods and resultsTwenty‐seven RHD patients with AT were enrolled in this study; nine of them (33%) had left AT. Five and four patients had left AT during the first and second procedure, respectively. A spontaneous scar in the left posterior wall was identified in all patients, and obvious anterior scar in three patients. Dual‐roof‐dependent AT was found in three patients and macroreentry AT surrounding right pulmonary vein was identified in one patient, two of whom had left anterior scar. Three patients had AT circuit going around the mitral annulus, one of whom had left anterior scar. Entrainment pacing at different sites confirmed the mechanism of these macroreentries. Two patients had a focal origin, one was localized in posterior wall at the edge of the scar and the other one was originated from the left septum with normal voltage. After a mean follow‐up of 27.4 ± 7.9 months, the left AT group had a similar recurrence rate compared with the right AT group alone (67% vs 56%, P = 0.58). In the left AT group, 11% of patients had AT recurrence and 56% of patients developed atrial fibrillation.ConclusionLeft atrial AT can occur in RHD patients postmitral valve replacement. Catheter ablation is feasible with high acute success rate. The incidence of late development atrial fibrillation is considerable after successful ablation.
Pupil size as a measure of within‐task learning
Authors: Foroughi Cyrus K. , Sibley Ciara , Coyne Joseph T. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPupillometry is commonly used in research to determine how much mental effort an individual is exerting while completing tasks. Traditionally, larger pupils are associated with increased mental effort when completing more difficult tasks. However, little research has investigated how pupils change as individuals learn a new task. In theory, as one repeatedly completes a task, the task demands should reduce, reliance on working memory should decrease, and the task should become more automatic. This should translate to faster completion times and smaller peak pupil dilations. We tested this hypothesis by having participants complete multiple trials of a cognitive task that requires individuals to orient themselves in space relative to a target. We found that trial completion times and maximum pupil size significantly reduced across trials. These data suggest that measuring changes in pupil dilation may help researchers determine whether individuals have shifted from a learned procedure to an automatic processing of information when learning a new task.
Reassembling the city through Instagram
Authors: Boy John D , Uitermark Justus 
Published: June 2017

How do people represent the city on social media? And how do these representations feed back into people's uses of the city? To answer these questions, we develop a relational approach that relies on a combination of qualitative methods and network analysis. Based on in‐depth interviews and a dataset of over 400 000 geotagged Instagram posts from Amsterdam, we analyse how the city is reassembled on and through the platform. By selectively drawing on the city, users of the platform elevate exclusive and avant‐garde establishments and events, which come to stand out as hot spots, while rendering mundane and low‐status places invisible. We find that Instagram provides a space for the segmentation of users into subcultural groups that mobilise the city in varied ways. Social media practices, our findings suggest, feed on as well as perpetuate socio‐spatial inequalities.
Do changes in neuromuscular activation contribute to the knee extensor angle–torque relationship?
Authors: Lanza Marcel B. , Balshaw Thomas G. , Folland Jonathan P. 
Published: June 2017

New Findings
What is the central question of the study?
Do changes in neuromuscular activation contribute to the knee extensor angle–torque relationship?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Both agonist (quadriceps) and antagonist coactivation (hamstrings) differed with knee joint angle during maximal isometric knee extensions and thus both are likely to contribute to the angle–torque relationship. Specifically, two independent measurement techniques showed quadriceps activation to be lower at more extended positions. These effects might influence the capacity for neural changes in response to training and rehabilitation at different knee joint angles.

The influence of joint angle on knee extensor neuromuscular activation is unclear, owing in part to the diversity of surface electromyography (sEMG) and/or interpolated twitch technique (ITT) methods used. The aim of the study was to compare neuromuscular activation, using rigorous contemporary sEMG and ITT procedures, during isometric maximal voluntary contractions (iMVCs) of the quadriceps femoris at different knee joint angles and examine whether activation contributes to the angle–torque relationship. Sixteen healthy active men completed two familiarization sessions and two experimental sessions of isometric knee extension and knee flexion contractions. The experimental sessions included the following at each of four joint angles (25, 50, 80 and 106 deg): iMVCs (with and without superimposed evoked doublets); submaximal contractions with superimposed doublets; and evoked twitch and doublet contractions whilst voluntarily passive, and knee flexion iMVC at the same knee joint positions. The absolute quadriceps femoris EMG was normalized to the peak‐to‐peak amplitude of an evoked maximal M‐wave, and the doublet–voluntary torque relationship was used to calculate activation with the ITT. Agonist activation, assessed with both normalized EMG and the ITT, was reduced at the more extended compared with the more flexed positions (25 and 50 versus 80 and 106 deg; P ≤ 0.016), whereas antagonist coactivation was greatest in the most flexed compared with the extended positions (106 versus 25 and 50 deg; P ≤ 0.02). In conclusion, both agonist and antagonist activation differed with knee joint angle during knee extension iMVCs, and thus both are likely to contribute to the knee extensor angle–torque relationship.