bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A three-dimensional model of the human blood-brain barrier to analyse the transport of nanoparticles and astrocyte/endothelial interactions
Authors: Sreekanthreddy Peddagangannagari , Gromnicova Radka , Davies Heather , Phillips James , Romero Ignacio A. , Male David 
Published: January 2016

The aim of this study was to develop a three-dimensional (3D) model of the human blood-brain barrier in vitro, which mimics the cellular architecture of the CNS and could be used to analyse the delivery of nanoparticles to cells of the CNS. The model includes human astrocytes set in a collagen gel, which is overlaid by a monolayer of human brain endothelium (hCMEC/D3 cell line). The model was characterised by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), immunofluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. A collagenase digestion method could recover the two cell types separately at 92-96% purity. Astrocytes grown in the gel matrix do not divide and they have reduced expression of aquaporin-4 and the endothelin receptor, type B compared to two-dimensional cultures, but maintain their expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein. The effects of conditioned media from these astrocytes on the barrier phenotype of the endothelium was compared with media from astrocytes grown conventionally on a two-dimensional (2D) substratum. Both induce the expression of tight junction proteins zonula occludens-1 and claudin-5 in hCMEC/D3 cells, but there was no difference between the induced expression levels by the two media. The model has been used to assess the transport of glucose-coated 4nm gold nanoparticles and for leukocyte migration. TEM was used to trace and quantitate the movement of the nanoparticles across the endothelium and into the astrocytes. This blood-brain barrier model is very suitable for assessing delivery of nanoparticles and larger biomolecules to cells of the CNS, following transport across the endothelium.
The Teacher�s Professional Competence As the Monitoring Object
Authors: ������  , Checheva N. 
Published: January 2016

Monitoring has become the widespread tool in the modern education. This is due to wide functional capabilities of monitoring as the effi cient means of
informational support for operational and strategic management of educational systems. The effi ciency of monitoring is determined primarily by the
thoroughness of its scientifi c basics.
Technologically, the monitoring process needs a conceptually specifi ed object, and as such an object various educational processes and phenomena
can be chosen, including the teachers� professional activities. The educators� professional competence is chosen as the object of monitoring deliberately,
being considered as the key factor for enhancing quality of education. Now, when the value orientation and benchmarks of national education are being
renewed as a result of paradigm shift, the teachers� professional competence is considered to be the key factor for achieving the new quality level of education.
The author attempts to accomplish the thorough analysis of the very concept of �a teacher�s professional competence�, because considers it as the
essential modeling object to be incorporated in the monitoring procedure.
Branding Stratford: Social Representation and the Re-making of Place
Authors: Desiderio Antonio 
Published: January 2016

As part of the societal world, architecture and urban space do not have any ‘objective’ quality. They are representations. Their meaning is produced through the negotiation and interaction of individuals, groups and classes. Yet, such ‘subjective’ meanings do have a ‘material’ relevance, as they reflect a dialectical process between the functions, forms, ownership and practices of space. They reveal construal and construction: the way in which architectural spaces are represented on the one hand, and the way in which they are physically constructed and used on the other. Nowhere does this become more evident in our current society than in the arguments around urban renewal and regeneration. The Westfield Stratford City is a typical example.
Part of the vast process of the urban regeneration of East London prompted by London 2012 Olympic Games, Westfield is a massive complex of luxury shops, restaurants, bars and five star hotels. It is seen by investors and local and national political authorities as capable of transforming Stratford into a site for shopping, tourism and leisure. It does this in numerous ways, one of which involves reconfiguring the image of the region through the press and media - through visual imagery and linguistic manipulations that promote a neoliberal agenda of gentrification that simultaneously devalue the existent societal structures and communities in the area. This paper offers a Critical Discourse Analysis of the manipulation of Stratford’s image by government, business and the media and suggests that the purely financially motivated misrepresentation it reveals, is typical of the urban regeneration ethos at work across the developed world today.
Bakteri Simbion Gastropoda Pleuroploca trapesium Dari Perairan Ternate, Sebagai Alternatif Antibakteri MDR (Bacterial Symbiont Gastropoda Pleuroploca trapezium from Ternate, as Alternative Antibacterial MDR)
Authors: Pringgenies Delianis , Renta Person Pesona 
Published: January 2016

Bakteri yang resisten terhadap beberapa jenis antibakteri ini dikenal dengan bakteri multi drug resistant (MDR).Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut, perlu dilakukan pencarian senyawa antibiotik baru yang lebih efektif dan efisien dalam mengatasi permasalahan bakteri MDR. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi bakteri yang bersimbiosis dengan gastropoda Pleuroploca trapezium sebagai sumber antibakteri MDR. Sampel Moluska dikoleksi dari perairan Ternate, Maluku. Tahapan penelitian meliputi isolasi bakteri, skrining bakteri simbion yang potensi sebagai anti bakteri MDR, uji antibakteri, isolasi bakteri patogen klinis MDR; uji sensitivitas anti-bakteri, ekstraksi, amplifikasi dan sekuensing DNA. Hasil 16S urutan r-DNA dianalisis dan diedit menggunakan program Genetix dan diikuti dengan analisis urutan 16S rDNA. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 19 isolat bakteri dengan 5 bakteri aktif yang berasosiasi dengan Pleuroploca trapezium. Berdasarkan besarnya zona hambat yang dibentuk dan konsistensi munculnya zona hambatan, isolat terbaik adalah TPT 4.7. Isolat ini memiliki hubungan yang dekat dengan Paracoccus sp. MBIC4019 dengan homologi sebesar 95% yang menunjukkan kekerabatan ditingkat genus. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan harapan adanya potensi besar sebagai bahan antibakteri baru. Kata kunci: antibakteri, simbion, Pleuroploca trapezium, multi drugs resistantThe bacteria resistant to some antibiotics are known as multi drug resistant (MDR). To overcome the problem, it is needed to search for a new antibiotic compounds more effectively and efficiently. This study aims to identify potential from symbionts of Pleuroploca trapezium as a source of antibacteria MDR and identifying the bacteria that were active against the MDR. Samples were collected from Ternate, Maluku. Isolation of symbiotic bacteria, screening for bacteria which producing secondary metabolites as anti-MDR bacteria, antibacterial test, isolation of clinical pathogenic bacteria of MDR. Conducting anti-bacterial sensitivity test, sensitivity test for antibacterial, DNA exctraction, DNA amplification based on PCR method, DNA sequencing. Result of 16S r-DNA sequence was then analyzed and edited using GENETYX program and followed by 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Screening of bacteria associated with P. trapezium resulted in 19 isolates with 5 active bacteria. Based on the size of the zone forming and the consistency of zone, so the best isolate is TPT 4.7. The identification shows that TPT 4.7 has a close relationship with the Paracoccus sp. MBIC4019 with homologi of 95%, which shows the relationship at the genus level. Its suggest that these results are very promising as a new antibacterial material. Keywords: antibacterial, symbiotic bacteria, Pleuroploca trapezium, multi drugs resistant
The Pattern of Lignin Deposition in The Cell Walls of Internodes During Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Development
Authors: Begović Lidija , Ravlić Jelena , Lepeduš Hrvoje , Leljak-Levanić Dunja , Cesar Vera 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to elucidate relationship between anatomical changes and lignin deposition dynamics in the cell wall of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) internodes during four growth stages: heading, flowering, grain filling and ripening. Microscopy was used to analyze anatomical changes related to lignin deposition whereas peroxidase activity was spectrophotometrically determined. In transversal sections lignin was found to be predominant in the sclerenchyma ring in cortex, where particularly lignified cell walls were found. Peroxidase activity was increased in older internodes and their localization in situ was in positive correlation with tissue lignification. Our results showed that, depending on the cultivar, at the flowering and grain filling stages intensive lignin synthesis and deposition occurred. This showed that deposition of lignin in the cell wall at a particular growth stage is in correlation with the lodging resistant phenotype of the investigated cultivars. The results contribute to the understanding of the lignin deposition process during barley development and consequential cell wall thickness.
The Influence of the RF PACVD MS Process Parameters on the Physicochemical Properties of Hydroxyapatite Coatings
Authors: Niedzielska A. , Skwierczyński P. , Czerniak-Reczulska M. , Szymański W. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Hydroksyapatite (HAp) as the coating, is produced using different methods of deposition, among others: laser ablation method, sol-gel, electrophoresis, thermal sputtering or magnetron spraying with the usage of high frequency. Attempts to benefit from such a wide spectrum of existing methods are related to the fact that this material possesses many advantages. We have to distinguish, among others, proper biological properties, i.e. both - high bio-tolerance and high osteo-inductivity [1,2]. However, it is worth mentioning that the material also presents disadvantages, i.e. it indicates too quick resorption within the biological environment, depending on its obtained form. In case when HAp is in the amorphous form, it undergoes a very rapid process of dissolving in the tissue environment. [3] In order to prevent the above, it is important to produce the coatings with a regulative level of cristallinity. In the presented research the hydroxyapatite coating produced using RF PACVD MS plasma method (Radio Frequency Plasma Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition Magnetron Sputtering) possesses the above mentioned amorphous form. Nevertheless, due to the usage of ‘bubbler’, allowing for delivery of hydroxyl groups into the operating chamber, it was possible to receive the Hap coatings in a crystalline form. Changing the operating pressure (the amount of bonds - OH), during sputtering, it was checked what is the influence of that parameter on the physicochemical properties of obtained coatings. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for the founding research as well as the Roentgen Apparatus Analyser (EDS). The Phase composition of a created coating was researched using the Roentgen diffract-meter (XRD). The measures of thickness were conducted using contact-profilometry. Nano-indentation technique was used to assess the mechanical properties. Obtained results of research encourage for further researches related to the influence of hydroxyl groups on the physicochemical properties of hydroxyapatat coatings.
Graphene as a Material for Solar Cells Applications
Authors: Czerniak-Reczulska M. , Niedzielska A. , Jędrzejczak A. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Graphene is a two-dimensional material with honeycomb structure. Its unique mechanical, physical electrical and optical properties makes it an important industrially and economically material in the coming years. One of the application areas for graphene is the photovoltaic industry. Studies have shown that doped graphene can change one absorbed photon of a few electrons, which in practice means an increase in efficiency of solar panels. In addition, graphene has a low coefficient of light absorption 2.3% which indicates that is an almost completely transparent material. In fact, it means that solar cells based on graphene can significantly expand the absorbed spectrum wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation. Graphene additionally is a material with a very high tensile strength so it can be successfully used on the silicon, flexible and organic substrates as well. So far, significant effort has been devoted to using graphene for improving the overall performance of photovoltaic devices. It has been reported that graphene can play diverse, but positive roles such as an electrode, an active layer, an interfacial layer and an electron acceptor in photovoltaic cells. Research on solar cells containing in its structure graphene however, are still at laboratory scale. This is due to both lack the ability to produce large-sized graphene and reproducibility of its parameters
Clinical Relevance of CHEK2 And NBN Mutations in the Macedonian Population
Authors: Maleva Kostovska I. , Jakimovska M. , Kubelka-Sabit K. , Karadjozov M. , Arsovski A. , Stojanovska L. , Plaseska-Karanfilska Dijana 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Clinical importance of the most common CHEK2 (IVS2+1 G>A, 1100delС, I157T and del5395) and NBN (R215W and 657del5) gene mutations for breast cancer development in Macedonian breast cancer patients is unknown. We performed a case-control study including 300 Macedonian breast cancer patients and 283 Macedonian healthy controls. Genotyping was done using a fast and highly accurate single-nucleotide primer extension method for the detection of five mutations in a single reaction. The detection of the del5395 was performed using an allele-specific duplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. We have found that mutations were more frequent in breast cancer patients (n = 13, 4.3%) than in controls (n = 5, 1.8%), although without statistical significance. Twelve patients were heterozygous for one of the analyzed mutations, while one patient had two mutations (NBN R215W and CHEK2 I157T). The most frequent variant was I157T, found in 10 patients and four controls (p = 0.176) and was found to be associated with familial breast cancer (p = 0.041). CHEK2 1100delC and NBN 657del5 were each found in one patient and not in the control group. CHEK2 IVS2+1G>A and del5395 were not found in our cohort. Frequencies of the studied mutations are low and they are not likely to represent alleles of clinical importance in the Macedonian population.
Early Onset Marfan Syndrome: Atypical Clinical Presentation of Two Cases
Authors: Ozyurt Abdullah , Baykan A. , Argun M. , Pamukcu O. , Halis H. , Korkut S. , Yuksel Z. , Gunes T. , Narin N. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Early onset Marfan Syndrome (eoMFS) is a rare, severe form of Marfan Syndrome (MFS). The disease has a poor prognosis and most patients present with resistance to heart failure treatment during the newborn period. This report presents two cases of eoMFS with similar clinical features diagnosed in the newborn period and who died at an early age due to the complications related to the involvement of the cardiovascular system.
Biocatalytic synthesis of (S)-Practolol, a selective β-blocker
Authors: Mulik Sachin , Ghosh Saptarshi , Bhaumik Jayeeta , Banerjee Uttam C. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe present study describes an efficient chemoenzymatic synthesis of enantiopure (S)-Practolol, a selective β-adrenergic receptor blocker. Prior to the synthesis of the target, a synthetic protocol for (RS)-N-4-(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropoxy)phenylacetamide, an essential precursor, was developed. Various commercial lipases were screened for the kinetic resolution of (RS)- N-4-(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropoxy)phenylacetamide using toluene as solvent and vinyl acetate as an acyl donor. Among various lipases screened, Pseudomonas cepacia sol-gel AK showed the highest enantioselectivity (96% enantiomeric excess with 50% conversion), affording (S)-1-(4-acetamidophenoxy)-3-chloropropan-2-yl acetate. Optimization of the reaction parameters was carried out in order to find the best-suited conditions for the biocatalysis. Furthermore, the enantiopure intermediate was hydrolyzed and the resulting product was reacted with isopropylamine to afford (S)-Practolol. This biocatalytic procedure depicts a green technology for the synthesis of (S)-Practolol with better yield and enantiomeric excess.
Bioreduction of fluoroacetophenone derivatives by endophytic fungi isolated from the marine red alga Bostrychia radicans
Authors: Mouad Ana Maria , de Oliveira Ana Lígia L. , Debonsi Hosana Maria , Porto André Luiz Meleiro 
Published: January 2016

AbstractFour endophytic fungi isolated from the marine red alga Bostrychia radicans identified as Botryosphaeria sp. CBMAI 1197, Eutypella sp. CBMAI 1196, Hidropisphaera sp. CBMAI 1194 and Xylaria sp. CBMAI 1195 catalyzed the asymmetric bioreduction of fluoroacetophenone derivatives 1-3 to the corresponding fluorophenylalcohols 1a-3a. In the reduction reactions of 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-phenylethanone 1, all the marine fungi produced exclusively the (S)-2,2,2-trifluoro- 1-phenylethanol 1a with > 99% ee. The fungus Botryosphaeria sp. CBMAI 1197 exhibited the best enzymatic potential, leading to the highest conversion values (up to > 99%). The biocatalyst Botryosphaeria sp. CBMAI 1197 also presented active enzymes in reactions with the substrates 1-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl) ethanone (2) and 1-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)ethanone (3), producing the respective chiral alcohols S-2a and R-3a with > 99% ee. Additionally, the fungus Hidropisphaera sp. CBMAI 1194 yielded 100% of conversion of the ketone 3 to the corresponding S-alcohol 3a, with 53% ee.
Measurement of free light chains – pros and cons of current methods
Authors: Graziani Maria Stella 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe measurement of the serum free light chains (FLC) is of paramount importance in the management of patients with plasma cell dyscrasias (PSD). The immunoassays for FLC measurement require adequate precision, accuracy, specificity and reproducibility between batches to prevent under or over estimation of FLC concentration and for an adequate patient monitoring. Considering the peculiarity of the measurand (monoclonal proteins), the optimization of any analytical aspect is difficult to achieve. Three methods are currently available for the assay. The first one has been on the market for over 15 years, and it is based on polyclonal antibodies. The vast majority of the clinical studies demonstrating the utility of the serum FLC measurement have been performed using this assay. A second method based on monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) was marketed in 2011; a third one, also employing mAbs and allowing the simultaneous measurement of κ and λ FLC is in the process of publication. These methods show relevant differences in the type of antibodies used and in the assay design and it is not possible to identify an immunoassay that is superior to the others in any analytical aspect. The comparison studies show that the three methods differ significantly in terms of quantitative values, especially when samples containing monoclonal proteins are compared. Hence the methods cannot be used interchangeably, in particular when the assay is used to monitor the patient response to therapy. In the absence of an international standard for FLC measurement, it is impossible, at this stage to establish, which method shows the best accuracy.
Symmetries of holomorphic geometric
structures on tori
Authors: Dumitrescu Sorin , McKay Benjamin 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
We prove that any holomorphic locally homogeneous geometric structure on a complex torus of
dimension two, modelled on a complex homogeneous surface, is translation invariant. We conjecture that
this result is true in any dimension. In higher dimension, we prove it for G nilpotent. We also prove that for
any given complex algebraic homogeneous space (X, G), the translation invariant (X, G)-structures on tori
form a union of connected components in the deformation space of (X, G)-structures.
Effect of temperature on ethanol conversion over the surface of Zr-modified zeolite ZSM-5
Authors: Ivanovna Kuzmina Raisa , Yurievich Pilipenko Anton 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we have shown modification of
high-silicon zeolite ZSM-5 by zirconium, and the results
of ethanol conversion on this catalyst. Effect of process
parameters on the selectivity of ethanol dehydration
products was analyzed. In addition, a mechanism of
aromatic hydrocarbons formation including reactions
of dehydrogenation, dehydrocyclization and alkylation
of intermediates was discussed. It was found that with
increasing temperature a selectivity decreased for reactions
of isomerization and increased selectivity for aromatic
products and products of cracking reactions. The data also
confirms that hexene-1 is an intermediate in the conversion
process of ethanol and the catalyst system with 1% Zr-ZSM-5
has a bi-functionality. Catalytic properties of the system
in the conversion of hydrocarbons are determined by the
presence on their surface of both Broensted and Lewis acid
sites.
Is Swarm Intelligence Able to Create Mazes?
Authors: Połap Dawid , Wózniak Marcin , Napoli Christian , Tramontana Emiliano 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
In this paper, the idea of applying Computational Intelligence in the process of creation board games, in particular mazes, is presented. For two different algorithms the proposed idea has been examined. The results of the experiments are shown and discussed to present advantages and disadvantages.
On the Approximation of Functions From Lp by Some Special Matrix Means of Fourier Series
Authors: Kranz Radosława , Rzepka Aleksandra 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The results corresponding to some theorems of S. Lal [Appl. Math. and Comput. 209 (2009), 346-350] and the results of W. Łenski and B. Szal [Banach Center Publ., 95, (2011), 339-351] are shown. The better degrees of pointwise approximation than these in mentioned papers by another assumptions on summability methods for considered functions are obtained. From presented pointwise results the estimation on norm approximation are derived. Some special cases as corollaries are also formulated.
Mapping Theorems on Spaces with sn-Network g-Functions
Authors: Tuyen Luong Quoc 
Published: January 2016

AbstractLet Δ be the sets of all topological spaces satisfying the following conditions.(1) Each compact subset of X is metrizable;(2) There exists an sn-network g-function g on X such that if xn → x and yn ∈ g(n; xn) for all n ∈ N, then x is a clusterpoint of {yn}.In this paper, we prove that if X ∈ Δ, then each sequentially- quotient boundary-compact map on X is pseudo-sequence-covering; if X ∈ Δ and X has a point-countable sn-network, then each sequence-covering boundary-compact map on X is 1-sequence-covering. As the applications, we give that each sequentially-quotient boundary-compact map on g-metrizable spaces is pseudo-sequence-covering, and each sequence-covering boundary-compact on g-metrizable spaces is 1-sequence-covering.
Prädikative Kopula + Infinitiv-Formen und ihre Funktionen im Deutschen. Die Kopula unter Bühlerscher Desambigierung
Authors: Abraham Werner 
Published: January 2016

ZusammenfassungIm Deutschen gibt es mehrere Formen der Kopula+Infinitiv-Struktur, deren Bedeutungen sich zum Teil decken, zum anderen Teil jedoch trennen. Die vorliegende Diskussion geht zum einen der Frage nach, wie bei solchen Formen die Absentivbedeutung (de Groot 2000,