bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric Enzymatic Synthesis of Allylic Amines: A Sigmatropic Rearrangement Strategy
Authors: Prier Christopher K. , Hyster Todd K. , Farwell Christopher C. , Huang Audrey , Arnold Frances H. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSigmatropic rearrangements, while rare in biology, offer opportunities for the efficient and selective synthesis of complex chemical motifs. A “P411” serine‐ligated variant of cytochrome P450BM3 has been engineered to initiate a sulfimidation/[2,3]‐sigmatropic rearrangement sequence in whole E. coli cells, a non‐natural function for any enzyme, providing access to enantioenriched, protected allylic amines. Five mutations in the enzyme substantially enhance its activity toward this new function, demonstrating the evolvability of the catalyst toward challenging nitrene transfer reactions. The evolved catalyst additionally performs the highly enantioselective imidation of non‐allylic sulfides.
Diastereodivergent Reverse Prenylation of Indole and Tryptophan Derivatives: Total Synthesis of Amauromine, Novoamauromine, and epi‐Amauromine
Authors: Müller Jonas M. , Stark Christian B. W. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA regio‐ and stereoselective reverse prenylation of indole and tryptophan derivatives is presented. All four possible stereoisomers are accessible through this iridium‐catalyzed reaction. The stereoselectivity is controlled by a chiral phosphoramidite ligand in combination with an achiral borane additive and can be switched by changing the nature of the borane. One enantiomer of the ligand is thus sufficient to prepare all possible isomers. The synthetic potential of this method was demonstrated by a short total synthesis of amauromine and its two natural diastereomers.
One‐ or Two‐Electron Transfer? The Ambiguous Nature of the Discharge Products in Sodium–Oxygen Batteries
Authors: Bender Conrad L. , Schröder Daniel , Pinedo Ricardo , Adelhelm Philipp , Janek Jürgen 
Published: March 2016

AbstractRechargeable lithium–oxygen and sodium–oxygen cells have been considered as challenging concepts for next‐generation batteries, both scientifically and technologically. Whereas in the case of non‐aqueous Li/O2 batteries, the occurring cell reaction has been unequivocally determined (Li2O2 formation), the situation is much less clear in the case of non‐aqueous Na/O2 cells. Two discharge products, with almost equal free enthalpies of formation but different numbers of transferred electrons and completely different kinetics, appear to compete, namely NaO2 and Na2O2. Cells forming either the superoxide or the peroxide have been reported, but it is unclear how the cell reaction can be influenced for selective one‐ or two‐electron transfer to occur. In this Minireview, we summarize available data, discuss important control parameters, and offer perspectives for further research. Water and proton sources appear to play major roles.
Enhanced Fibril Fragmentation of N‐Terminally Truncated and Pyroglutamyl‐Modified Aβ Peptides
Authors: Wulff Melanie , Baumann Monika , Thümmler Anka , Yadav Jay K. , Heinrich Liesa , Knüpfer Uwe , Schlenzig Dagmar , Schierhorn Angelika , Rahfeld Jens‐Ulrich , Horn Uwe , Balbach Jochen , Demuth Hans‐Ulrich , Fändrich Marcus 
Published: March 2016

AbstractN‐terminal truncation and pyroglutamyl (pE) formation are naturally occurring chemical modifications of the Aβ peptide in Alzheimer's disease. We show herein that these two modifications significantly reduce the fibril length and the transition midpoint of thermal unfolding of the fibrils, but they do not substantially perturb the fibrillary peptide conformation. This observation implies that the N terminus of the unmodified peptide protects Aβ fibrils against mechanical stress and fragmentation and explains the high propensity of pE‐modified peptides to form small and particularly toxic aggregates.
Photosensitizer‐Free Visible‐Light‐Mediated Gold‐Catalyzed 1,2‐Difunctionalization of Alkynes
Authors: Huang Long , Rudolph Matthias , Rominger Frank , Hashmi A. Stephen K. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractUnder visible‐light irradiation, the gold‐catalyzed intermolecular difunctionalization of alkynes with aryl diazonium salts in methanol affords a variety of α‐aryl ketones in moderate to good yields. In contrast to previous reports on gold‐catalyzed reactions that involve redox cycles, no external oxidants or photosensitizers are required. The reaction proceeds smoothly under mild reaction conditions and shows broad functional‐group tolerance. Further applications of this method demonstrate the general applicability of the arylation of a vinyl gold intermediate instead of the commonly used protodemetalation step. This step provides facile access to functionalized products in one‐pot processes. With a P,N‐bidentate ligand, a stable aryl gold(III) species was obtained, which constitutes the first direct experimental evidence for the commonly postulated direct oxidative addition of an aryl diazonium salt to a pyridine phosphine gold(I) complex.
Reintroduction of a dioecious aquatic macrophyte (Stratiotes aloides L.) regionally extinct in the wild. Interesting answers from genetics
Authors: Orsenigo Simone , Gentili Rodolfo , Smolders Alfons J. P. , Efremov Andrey , Rossi Graziano , Ardenghi Nicola M. G. , Citterio Sandra , Abeli Thomas 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

The reintroduction of a plant species regionally extinct in the wild poses a stimulating conservation challenge. If the species is dioecious and the ex situ preserved population is only of one sex, the challenge is even more difficult. To assess whether the female population of Stratiotes aloides originally studied requires a reinforcement to increase its genetic variation, and to determine from which source male individuals should be taken to re‐establish a viable population, the genetic structure of nine different accessions of S. aloides across Europe and Asia were analysed – six native populations and the last three Italian populations, preserved ex situ.
Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) fingerprinting of 190 individuals from these populations was performed using six primer combinations and chromosome counts.
AFLP markers revealed medium to high values of genetic diversity at the population level, unexpectedly including residual ex situ accessions. Neighbour‐joining tree, PCoA and STRUCTURE analyses indicate the presence of three genetic patterns identifiable in the central‐western, central and eastern Europe–Asian populations. Chromosome counts revealed the presence of diploid (2n = 24) and tetraploid (2n = 48) populations.
Similarity between populations belonging to different hydrographical basins, and differences between neighbouring populations could be explained through long‐distance bird‐mediated dispersal events. Genetic analysis showed that reinforcement with female individuals from other European populations to increase the genetic diversity of the Italian female population is not necessary. Surprisingly, the geographically closest male population (Bavaria) to the Po basin is not the best option for male reintroduction. Instead, male individuals should be reintroduced from the Rhine basin (Netherlands) and eastern part of the Danube basin (Romania).
Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ring Expansion via Cleavage of Benzylic C−C Bonds Enabling Direct Synthesis of Medium Ring‐Fused Benzocarbocycles
Authors: Rao Bin , Tang Jinghua , Wei Yu , Zeng Xiaoming 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA fluoride‐anion‐induced, regioselective ring expansion of benzocyclic ketones and α‐aryl cycloketones has been developed via insertion of arynes into unactivated benzylic C−C bonds. This reaction provides a straightforward, transition‐metal‐free avenue to prepare medium ring‐fused benzocarbocycles by creating “noble” seven‐, eight‐, and nine‐membered rings. Applications of this method in the creation of medium‐sized exocyclic and inner benzocyclic olefins, nine‐membered lactones, and lactams are described.
Enzymes in therapy of biofilm‐related oral diseases
Authors: Pleszczyńska Małgorzata , Wiater Adrian , Bachanek Teresa , Szczodrak Janusz 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBiofilm‐related infections of the oral cavity, including dental caries and periodontitis, represent the most prevalent health problems. For years, the treatment thereof was largely based on antibacterial chemical agents. Recently, however, there has been growing interest in the application of more preventive and minimally invasive biotechnological methods. This review focuses on the potential applications of enzymes in the treatment and prevention of oral diseases. Dental plaque is a microbial community that develops on the tooth surface, embedded in a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances of bacterial and host origin. Both cariogenic microorganisms and the key components of oral biofilm matrix may be the targets of the enzymes. Oxidative salivary enzymes inhibit or limit the growth of oral pathogens, thereby supporting the natural host defense system; polysaccharide hydrolases (mutanases and dextranases) degrade important carbohydrate components of the biofilm matrix, whereas proteases disrupt bacterial adhesion to oral surfaces or affect cell–cell interactions. The efficiency of the enzymes in in vitro and in vivo studies, advantages and limitations, as well as future perspectives for improving the enzymatic strategy are discussed.
Porcine circovirus type 2 protective epitope densely carried by chimeric papaya ringspot virus–like particles expressed in Escherichia coli as a cost‐effective vaccine manufacture alternative
Authors: Aguilera Brenda Eugenia , Chávez‐Calvillo Gabriela , Elizondo‐Quiroga Darwin , Jimenez‐García Mónica Noemí , Carrillo‐Tripp Mauricio , Silva‐Rosales Laura , Hernández‐Gutiérrez Rodolfo , Gutiérrez‐Ortega Abel 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPorcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) still represents a major problem to the swine industry worldwide, causing high mortality rates in infected animals. Virus‐like particles (VLPs) have gained attention for vaccine development, serving both as scaffolds for epitope expression and immune response enhancers. The commercial subunit vaccines against PCV2 consist of VLPs formed by the self‐assembly of PCV2 capsid protein (CP) expressed in the baculovirus vector system. In this work, a PCV2 protective epitope was inserted into three different regions of papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) CP, namely, the N‐ and C‐termini and a predicted antigenic region located near the N‐terminus. Wild‐type and chimeric CPs were modeled in silico, expressed in Escherichia coli, purified, and visualized by transmission electron microscopy. This is the first report that shows the formation of chimeric VLPs using PRSV as epitope‐presentation scaffold. Moreover, it was found that PCV2 epitope localization strongly influences VLP length. Also, the estimated yields of the chimeric VLPs at a small‐scale level ranged between 65 and 80 mg/L of culture medium. Finally, the three chimeric VLPs induced high levels of immunoglobulin G against the PCV2 epitope in immunized BALB/c mice, suggesting that these chimeric VLPs can be used for swine immunoprophylaxis against PCV2.
Mechanism of pancreatic and liver malformations in human fetuses with short‐rib polydactyly syndrome
Authors: Loo Christine K.C. , Pereira Tamara N. , Ramsing Mette , Vogel Ida , Petersen Olav B. , Ramm Grant A. 
Published: March 2016

BackgroundThe short‐rib polydactyly (SRP) syndromes are rare skeletal dysplasias caused by abnormalities in primary cilia, sometimes associated with visceral malformations.MethodsThe pathogenesis of ductal plate malformation (DPM) varies in different syndromes and has not been investigated in SRP. We have studied liver development in five SRP fetuses and pancreatic development in one SRP fetus, with genetically confirmed mutations in cilia related genes, with and without DPMs, using the immunoperoxidase technique, and compared these to other syndromes with DPM.ResultsAcetylated tubulin expression was abnormal in DPM in SRP, Meckel syndrome, and autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD), confirming ciliary anomalies. SDF‐1 was abnormally expressed in SRP and two of three cases of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) but not ARPKD or Meckel. Increased density of quiescent hepatic stellate cells was seen in SRP, Meckel, one of three cases of ARPKD, and two of three cases of ADPKD with aberrant hepatocyte expression of keratin 19 in SRP and ADPKD. Immunophenotypic abnormalities were present even in fetal liver without fully developed DPMs. The SRP case with DPM and pancreatic malformations showed abnormalities in the pancreatic head (influenced by mesenchyme from the septum transversum, similar to liver) but not pancreatic body (influenced by mesenchyme adjacent to the notochord).ConclusionIn SRP, there are differentiation defects of hepatocytes, cholangiocytes, and liver mesenchyme and, in rare cases, pancreatic mesenchymal anomalies. The morphological changes were subtle in early gestation but immunophenotypic abnormalities were present. Mesenchymal–epithelial interactions may contribute to the malformations. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 106:549–562, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
I decide, therefore I am (relevant!): A project‐based learning experience in linear algebra
Authors: Izquierdo Joaquín , Benítez Julio , Berenguer Antonio , Lago‐Alonso Concepción 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTWe present a project‐based learning experience in the context of linear algebra developed for the recently launched double major in business administration and management/engineering of technology and telecommunication services at the universitat politècnica de valència 2014–15. Decision‐making is used to motivate students towards applying, understanding, and appreciating linear algebra in a diversity of projects. this experience introduces students to the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), a multi‐attribute, decision‐making technique that is rooted in linear algebra. Through a simulation scenario, each team of students develops a project about any real‐world problem consisting of a decision‐making process in the presence of multiple intangibles. At the same time, the algebraic fundamentals that make the process valid and consistent are clarified. The students showed great interest in the experience; and the results obtained confirmed that the activities helped them understand several complex concepts related to linear algebra, and fostered a significant interest in a subject traditionally considered frighteningly abstract. Finally, the students appreciated the stimulating insights provided by linear algebra that are crucial in decision‐making. This multi‐disciplinary experience enables the evaluation of several cross skills and competencies such as critical thinking and ethical leadership. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 24:481–492, 2016; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21725
Development of a new android application to remotely control a micro‐cogeneration system as e‐learning tool
Authors: Crespo Bárbara , Rey Guillermo , Míguez Carla , Míguez Tabarés José Luis , De Lara José 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTThe increasing use of smartphone technology in people's daily lives and its continuous development lead to the inevitable use of mobile applications because of their easy access anytime and anywhere. In this study, a new Android application for smartphones is developed and presented for the remote control of a micro‐cogeneration system from a mobile device without the need to be near the system. The mobile application consists of five different windows through which real‐time data on the most important variables of the system can be observed at any time. Additionally, the application allows the user to select the system's desired operating mode among a total of five possibilities. Alarms and warnings are also shown along with the detailed status of the main variables of the groups forming the system. Moreover, the application can graphically show the progression of variables at any time, and a history of the changes to the system is available. An experimental practice based on the “use of current mobile applications” for a subject of the Master of Thermal Engineering is proposed as a pedagogical method that involves the procedure “learning by doing,” in which students can realize the great advantages of using these technologies. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 24:497–507, 2016; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21726
Veil as Stigma: Exploring the Role of Representations in Muslim Women's Management of Threatened Social Identity
Authors: Chapman Madeleine 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis study extends research on the relations between social representations and social identities through an exploration of how Muslim women manage the stigma of veiling. Based on analysis of individual and group interviews among Muslim women in Denmark and the UK, the study highlights the dialectical nature of social identity as constructed through and against others' representations of social groups and the norms of valuing they impose. It shows how, for the women here, the reinforcement of a shared sense of Muslim identity goes together with re‐evaluation of aspects of that identity, principally in response to representations of the veil that deny Muslim women agency and cast them as oppressed. It shows how norms of gender and agency are in this process variously resisted and affirmed, resulting in the reframing of gendered religious values. Theoretically, the study argues that an account of the role of representations in the construction of identity challenges the inter‐group framework of existing approaches to threatened social identity and sheds light on intersectional dynamics of identity. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Successful use of nicotine replacement therapy to quit e‐cigarettes: lack of treatment protocol highlights need for guidelines
Authors: Silver Barbara , Ripley‐Moffitt Carol , Greyber Jennifer , Goldstein Adam O. 
Published: March 2016

Key Clinical MessageAlthough use of electronic nicotine delivery system devices, such as e‐cigarettes and vapor pens, is on the rise, no treatment protocols exist to help such users quit. We report the case of a 24‐year‐old patient in a tobacco treatment program who successfully quit e‐cigarette use by using nicotine replacement therapy.
Giant neck swelling
Authors: De Utpal , Nandi Mintu Mohon , Kabiraj Pranoy 
Published: March 2016

Key clinical messageThe most common benign salivary gland tumor is pleomorphic adenoma. They can attain giant proportions and weigh several kilograms. They can cause facial disfigurement and, if untreated, could lead malignant transformation. This image depicts a 7.5 kg pleomorphic adenoma of right submandibular gland with malignant change in a 55‐year‐old male.
Seventy‐year‐old patient survives a giant apical LV pseudoaneurysm for 8 years
Authors: Razik Nady A. , Taha Salma , ElMaghraby Khaled , Demitry Salwa 
Published: March 2016

Key clinical messageThe risk of rupture of LV pseudaneurysm is still not well understood, and ischemic cardiomyopathy with heart failure is a common consequence. Simple investigations like chest X‐ray can give clue to such a serious diagnosis.
A case of pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis associated with a homozygous 195 kb deletion encompassing the entire SLC34A2 gene
Authors: Stokman Lara , Nossent Esther J. , Grunberg Katrien , Meijboom Lilian , Yakicier Mustafa C. , Voorhoeve Els , Houweling Arjan C. 
Published: March 2016

Key Clinical MessageWith around 500 cases published worldwide, pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis is a rare disorder with an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance. We show for the first time that homozygous deletions encompassing the entire SCL34A2 can be associated with this rare genetic pulmonary disease.
Carbon Nanotube–Ruthenium Hybrids for the Partial Reduction of 2‐Nitrochalcones: Easy Access to Quinoline N‐Oxides
Authors: Basu Pallabita , Prakash Praveen , Gravel Edmond , Shah Nimesh , Bera Kalisankar , Doris Eric , Namboothiri Irishi N. N. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA ruthenium–carbon nanotube nanohybrid was employed as a catalyst in the tandem transformation of nitrochalcones into quinoline N‐oxides. Partial reduction of the nitro group to a hydroxylamine, followed by in situ intramolecular condensation to the carbonyl afforded the quinoline‐N‐oxides in satisfactory to good yields. Reduction of the nitro group was selective and independent of changes in the reaction conditions. Highlights of this method include a very low catalyst loading relative to that required for conventional methods for the synthesis of quinoline N‐oxides and mild reaction conditions.
Scalable Synthesis of Palladium Icosahedra in Plug Reactors for the Production of Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalysts
Authors: Wang Helan , Niu Guangda , Zhou Ming , Wang Xue , Park Jinho , Bao Shixiong , Chi Miaofang , Cai Zaisheng , Xia Younan 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe have synthesized Pd icosahedra with uniform, controllable sizes in plug reactors separated by air. The oxygen contained in the air segments not only contributed to the generation of a reductant from diethylene glycol in situ, but also oxidized elemental Pd back to the ionic form by oxidative etching and thus slowed down the reduction kinetics. Compared to droplet reactors involving silicone oil or fluorocarbon, the use of air as a carrier phase could reduce the production cost by avoiding additional procedures for the separation of products from the oil. The average diameters of the Pd icosahedra could be readily controlled in the range of 12–20 nm. The Pd icosahedra were further employed as seeds for the production of Pd@Pt2–3L core‐shell icosahedra, which could serve as a catalyst toward the oxygen reduction reaction with greatly enhanced activity. We believe that the plug reactors could be extended to other types of noble‐metal nanocrystals for their scale‐up production.
Agglomeration Mechanism of Nanoparticles by Adding Coarse Fluid Catalytic Cracking Particles
Authors: Wang Jian , Xu Bao , Zhou Tao , Liang Xizhen 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe agglomeration mechanism of SiO2, TiO2, and ZnO nanoparticles by adding coarse fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) particles is studied. The core‐shell structure of agglomerates is revealed on the basis of experimental analyses. Nanoparticles can be fluidized by forming agglomerates of the core‐shell structure with coarse FCC particles. The porosity of core‐shell structure agglomerates and the average roundness value were found to be distinctly lower than those of pure nanoparticle agglomerates. In addition, the cohesion of the core‐shell structure agglomerates is far less than that of the agglomerates formed by pure nanoparticles. Due to the smaller porosity, irregular shape, and relatively low cohesion, the fluidization behavior of core‐shell structure agglomerates is better than that of pure nanoparticle agglomerates.
Recovery of Oil, Erucic Acid, and Phenolic Compounds from Rapeseed and Rocket Seeds
Authors: Koubaa Mohamed , Mhemdi Houcine , Sanlaville Quentin , Vorobiev Eugène 
Published: March 2016

AbstractErucic acid‐enriched oil, sought for industrial purposes, from rapeseed (agronomic plant) and rocket seeds (non‐agronomic plant) was extracted by three different processes: supercritical CO2, mechanical expression, and hexane extraction. Oil extraction yields were determined and the extracted oils were characterized for their fatty acid and phenolic compound compositions. Higher oil yields were achieved using hexane compared to mechanical expression and supercritical CO2 extractions. Fatty acid analysis indicated a higher content of erucic acid in rapeseed oil than in rocket oil. In addition, supercritical CO2 extraction allowed better recovery of phenolic compounds with high antioxidant activities. The most prominent identified polyphenols were vanillin, sinapic acid, syringic acid, and apigenin.