bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FAK contributes to proteinuria in hypercholesterolaemic rats and modulates podocyte F‐actin re‐organization via activating p38 in response to ox‐LDL
Authors: Hu Mengsi , Fan Minghua , Zhen Junhui , Lin Jiangong , Wang Qun , Lv Zhimei , Wang Rong 
Published: October 2016

AbstractFocal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a non‐receptor protein tyrosine kinase that regulates cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. In the present study, a rat model of high fat diet‐induced hypercholesterolaemia was established to investigate the involvement of FAK in lipid disorder‐related kidney diseases. We showed focal fusion of podocyte foot process that occurred at as early as 4 weeks in rats consuming high fat diet, preceding the onset of proteinuria when aberrant phosphorylation of FAK was found. These abnormalities were ameliorated by dietary intervention of TAE226, a reported inhibitor of FAK. FAK is also an adaptor protein initiating cascades of intracellular signals including c‐Src, Rho GTPase and mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK). P38 MAPK belongs to the latter and is centrally involved in kidney diseases. Our cell culture data revealed oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (ox‐LDL) triggered hyper‐phosphorylation of FAK and p38, ectopic expression of cellular markers (manifested as decreased WT1, podocin and NEPH1, and increased vimentin and mmp9), and re‐arrangement of F‐actin filaments with enhanced cell motility; these mutations were significantly rectified by FAK shRNA. Notably, pre‐treatment of p38 inhibitor did not alter FAK activation, albeit its deletion of p38 hyper‐activity and attenuation of cellular abnormalities, demonstrating that p38 acted as a downstream effector of FAK signalling and ox‐LDL damaged podocytes in a FAK/p38‐dependent manner. This was further identified by animal data that p38 activation was also abrogated by TAE226 treatment in hypercholesterolaemic rats, suggesting that FAK/p38 axis might also be involved in in vivo events. These findings provided a potential early mechanism of hypercholesterolaemia‐related podocyte damage and proteinuria.
A proteomics approach to identifying novel protein targets involved in erinacine A–mediated inhibition of colorectal cancer cells’ aggressiveness
Authors: Lee Ko‐Chao , Kuo Hsing‐Chun , Shen Chien‐Heng , Lu Chien‐Chang , Huang Wen‐Shih , Hsieh Meng‐Chiao , Huang Cheng‐Yi , Kuo Yi‐Hung , Hsieh Yung‐Yu , Teng Chih‐Chuan , Lee Li‐Ya , Tung Shui‐Yi 
Published: October 2016

AbstractErinacine A, a major active component of a diterpenoid derivative isolated from Hericium erinaceus mycelium, has been demonstrated to exert anticancer effects. Herein, we present an investigation of the molecular mechanism of erinacine A induction associated with cancer cells’ aggressive status and death. A proteomic approach was used to purify and identify the differentially expressed proteins following erinacine A treatment and the mechanism of its action in apoptotic and the targets of erinacine A. Our results demonstrate that erinacine A treatment of HCT‐116 and DLD‐1 cells increased cell cytotoxicity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production as well as decreased cell proliferation and invasiveness. Ten differentially displayed proteins were determined and validated in vitro and in vivo between the erinacine A‐treated and untreated groups. In addition, erinacine A time‐dependent induction of cell death and inhibitory invasiveness was associated with sustained phosphorylation of the PI3K/mTOR/p70S6K and ROCK1/LIMK2/Cofilin pathways. Furthermore, we demonstrated that erinacine A–induced HCT‐116 and DLD‐1 cells viability and anti‐invasion properties by up‐regulating the activation of PI3K/mTOR/p70S6K and production of ROS. Experiments involving specific inhibitors demonstrated that the differential expression of cofilin‐1 (COFL1) and profilin‐1 (PROF1) during erinacine A treatment could be involved in the mechanisms of HCT‐116 and DLD‐1 cells death and decreased aggressiveness, which occurred via ROCK1/LIMK2/Cofilin expression, with activation of the PI3K/mTOR/p70S6K signalling pathway. These findings elucidate the mechanism of erinacine A inhibiting the aggressive status of cells by activating PI3K/mTOR/p70S6K downstream signalling and the novel protein targets COF1 and PROF1; this could be a good molecular strategy to limit the aggressiveness of CRC cells.
Do contextual factors have a role in periodontal disease?
Authors: Sun Xiangyu , Bernabé Eduardo , Liu Xuenan , Gallagher Jennifer E. , Zheng Shuguo 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAimTo explore the association between contextual factors and periodontal disease.MethodsWe pooled individual‐level data from 20,204 35–44‐year‐olds and 9,666 65–74‐year‐ olds, who participated in the 3rd National Oral Health Survey in China (2005), with province‐level data from different sources. The association of provincial macroeconomic factors [Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita and Gini coefficient], health resources (public health expenditure, dentist‐to‐population ratio and dental‐therapist‐to‐population ratio), demographic composition (proportion of rural population and minority ethnic groups) and tobacco industry (tobacco crops, cigarette production and proportion of smokers) with the numbers of teeth with periodontal pocket depth (PPD) ≥ 4 mm and loss of attachment (LOA) ≥ 4 mm were assessed in multilevel models, controlling for individual‐level demographic, socioeconomic and behavioural factors.ResultsOnly the proportion of smokers at province level was associated with the number of teeth with PPD ≥ 4 mm and only among senior adults. However, public health expenditure, dentist‐to‐population ratio and the proportion of minority ethnic groups were associated with the number of teeth with LOA ≥ 4 mm in both age groups. GDP per capita was also associated with the number of teeth with LOA ≥ 4 mm only among 35–44‐year‐olds.ConclusionContextual factors may contribute to periodontal disease and help explain geographical inequalities among Chinese adults.
Chemical and Sensory Characterization of Orange (Citrus sinensis) Pulp, a by‐Product of Orange Juice Processing Using Gas‐Chromatography‐Olfactometry
Authors: Deterre Sophie , Leclair Clotilde , Bai Jinhe , Baldwin Elizabeth A. , Narciso Jan A. , Plotto Anne 
Published: October 2016

AbstractVolatile composition of commercial orange pulp (from Brazil and Florida, U.S.A.) was analyzed by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) and GC‐Olfactometry (GC‐O). In both samples 72 volatiles were detected, of which 58 were identified. Odor‐active compounds with a high frequency of detection (≥5 out of 9) or intensity characterizing the aroma of sweet orange pulp were monoterpene hydrocarbons (α‐pinene, β‐pinene, β‐myrcene, α‐phellandrene, 3‐carene, α‐terpinene and limonene), ketones (1‐octen‐3‐one, carvone, (E)‐β‐damascenone and β‐ionone), esters (ethyl‐2‐methyl butanoate and ethyl hexanoate), aldehydes (methional and octanal), alcohols (linalool and 1‐octanol) and 3 unidentified compounds. A few differences in the odor‐active volatiles between orange pulp samples were perceived, which might be due to cultivar, growing and processing conditions, but overall, the chemical composition of the two samples was similar. Sensory data described both sweet orange pulp samples with descriptors for orange odor and flavor including orange peel and fruity‐non‐citrus flavor, sweet and sour taste.Practical ApplicationsOrange pulp is used in the beverage industry to add texture and mouthfeel. It is also added to orange juice for consumer appeal to make it more “natural.” This study characterized the flavor of orange pulp. Orange pulp consisted of yellow–orange floating intact cells. Pulp added to a sugar‐acid solution (5% pulp, 10.5% sucrose and 0.25% citric acid) imparted an orange, fruity and fresh flavor. Information from this study on sweet orange pulp flavor will be useful for orange juice processors and beverage manufacturers.
Cost‐Effectiveness and Public Health Effect of Influenza Vaccine Strategies for U.S. Elderly Adults
Authors: Raviotta Jonathan M. , Smith Kenneth J. , DePasse Jay , Brown Shawn T. , Shim Eunha , Nowalk Mary Patricia , Zimmerman Richard K. 
Published: October 2016

ObjectivesTo compare the cost‐effectiveness of four influenza vaccines available in the United States for persons aged 65 and older: trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV3), quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV4), a more‐expensive high‐doseIIV3, and a newly approved adjuvantedIIV3.DesignCost‐effectiveness analysis using a Markov model and sensitivity analyses.SettingA hypothetical influenza vaccination season modeled according to possible U.S. influenza vaccination policies.ParticipantsHypothetical cohort of individuals aged 65 and older in the United States.MeasurementsCost‐effectiveness and public health benefits of available influenza vaccination strategies in U.S. elderly adults.ResultsIIV3 cost $3,690 per quality‐adjusted life year (QALY) gained,IIV4 cost $20,939 more thanIIV3 perQALYgained, and high‐doseIIV3 cost $31,214 more perQALYthanIIV4. The model projected 83,775 fewer influenza cases and 980 fewer deaths with high‐doseIIV3 than with the next most‐effective vaccine:IIV4. In a probabilistic sensitivity analysis, high‐doseIIV3 was the favored strategy if willingness to pay is $25,000 or more perQALYgained. AdjuvantedIIV3 cost‐effectiveness depends on its price and effectiveness (neither yet determined in the United States) but could be favored if its relative effectiveness is 15% greater than that ofIIV3.ConclusionFrom economic and public health standpoints, high‐doseIIV3 for adults aged 65 years and older is likely to be favored over the other vaccines, based on currently available data. The cost‐effectiveness of adjuvantedIIV3 should be reviewed after its effectiveness has been compared with that of other vaccines and its U.S. price is established.
Expression of Epstein–Barr virus among oral potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinomas in the South Indian tobacco‐chewing population
Authors: Reddy Sujatha S. , Sharma Shivani , Mysorekar Vijaya 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundOral cancer is the sixth most common malignancy in the world. Viruses are the causative agents of approximately 10–15% of all cancers worldwide (Cancers, 6, 2014 and 2155). The tumorigenic roles of Epstein–Barr virus in oral cancer are unclear. Literature search results are conflicting and dependent on various factors such as geographical/regional variations, sociocultural lifestyles, dietary habits, chewing/smoking tobacco habit. This study is the first original observation about frequency of Epstein–Barr virus among South Indian tobacco‐chewing patients to elucidate its involvement in oral carcinogenesis and to know whether this can be a valuable diagnostic and prognostic indicator.Materials and MethodsA total number of 75 tobacco chewer subjects aged between 23 and 76 years with histopathologically confirmed oral potentially malignant disorders (25), oral squamous cell carcinoma (25), and age‐matched healthy controls (25) formed the study group. Immunohistochemical expression of Epstein–Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 was assessed among cases and healthy controls.ResultsOut of the total 75 subjects, six subjects (8%) were positive for Epstein–Barr virus antigen and 69 subjects (92%) negative. The antigen positivity was observed among two cases of moderately differentiated oral squamous cell carcinoma, two cases of leukoplakia, and two healthy controls.ConclusionNo significant association between Epstein–Barr virus positivity was observed among oral potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma among South Indian tobacco‐chewing patients. This can be partially explained by the methodology employed, by the patient population analyzed and different habits in various geographical regions.
RATINGS: IT'S ACCRUAL WORLD
Authors: Carson James M. , Eastman Evan M. , Eckles David L. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractLoss reserves are a discretionary tool for managing insurer earnings, with more accurate and/or less volatile reserve errors resulting in higher accruals quality. We investigate whether accruals quality is related to insurer financial strength ratings. Specifically, we use insurer loss reserve errors as a measure of the quality of accruals and examine whether overall accruals quality, as well as a decomposition into innate and discretionary accruals quality, is related to insurer financial strength ratings. We find that firms with lower‐quality (noisier) accruals receive lower financial strength ratings from A.M. Best. This result holds for both innate and discretionary accruals. Overall, we provide the first evidence that the quality of accounting information is a significant factor in ratings of insurance firms.
Development of a sensory lexicon for a specific subcategory of soy sauce: Seasoning soy sauce
Authors: Pujchakarn Thamonwan , Suwonsichon Suntaree , Suwonsichon Thongchai 
Published: October 2016

AbstractGeneral lexicons have been developed to describe sensory characteristics of soy sauce. However, no study has examined a large sample set of seasoning soy sauce, a subcategory of soy sauce, and developed a lexicon to fully describe its specific sensory characteristics. In this study, a wide variety of seasoning soy sauces (n = 25) were examined by a descriptive panel composed of nine highly trained panelists and a lexicon consisting of 34 attributes was developed. Each attribute was defined and referenced. Results showed that almost all attributes were needed to explain the common sensory characteristics found in seasoning soy sauces. However, five terms may be used occasionally to describe targeted specific sensory characteristics. As compared with published general lexicons of soy sauce, the current lexicon revealed eight new attributes that were specific to seasoning soy sauces. In addition, new references were also developed for some attributes, thus providing new choices of references for researchers.Practical applicationsUnderstanding sensory characteristics of seasoning soy sauce, an increasingly popular flavoring ingredient, is very useful for manufacturers to capture or improve product qualities in order to strengthen their competitiveness in the marketplace. A developed lexicon from this study can be used to determine sensory quality of seasoning soy sauces accurately and precisely. The lexicon can also facilitate communication regarding product quality among sensory scientists, product developers, marketing professionals and suppliers.
Road map for improvement: Point prevalence audit and survey of central venous access devices in paediatric acute care
Authors: Ullman Amanda J , Cooke Marie , Kleidon Tricia , Rickard Claire M 
Published: October 2016

AimTo identify the prevalence, management and complications associated with central venous access devices (CVADs) within Australian paediatric facilities, providing a map for clinicians, researchers and managers to focus solutions.MethodsA point prevalence audit and survey of CVAD practices in Australian tertiary paediatric hospitals between September and November 2015, using validated data collection tools.ResultsAcross the six sites, 1027 patients were screened with CVADs prevalent in 26.1% (n = 268), and 261 CVADs in 248 patients available for audit. Variations in management were evident with dressings not meeting the basic criteria of clean, dry and intact for 13.5% of CVADs (n = 35), and non‐sterile dressings used to reinforce 26.4% of CVADs (n = 69). Almost half of CVADs (49.4%; n = 132) had no documentation regarding site assessment in the previous 4 h, and 13.4% had no planned use in the next 24 h (35 CVAD).
CVAD‐associated complications within the previous 7 days were evident in 9.5% of CVADs (n = 27), most commonly catheter blockage (5.7% CVAD, n = 15), and bloodstream infection (1.9% CVAD, n = 5). Peripherally inserted central catheters (16.9%) in comparison to other catheter types (7.4%; P = 0.04), and subsequent CVADs (14.1%) in comparison to initial CVADs (6.5%; P = 0.04), had significantly higher proportions of CVAD‐associated complications in the previous 7 days. Variation between the sites’ guidelines was evident across many practices.Conclusions
CVADs are prevalent and essential for paediatric health care; however, complications remain a significant problem. Areas identified for improvement were local CVAD guidelines, regular documentation of CVAD site assessment and review of dressing products to improve integrity.
Delayed diagnosis: An important prognostic factor for oesophageal atresia in developing countries
Authors: Karakus Suleyman Cuneyt , Ozokutan Bulent Hayri , Bakal Unal , Ceylan Haluk , Sarac Mehmet , Kul Seval , Kazez Ahmet 
Published: October 2016

AimThe aim of this study is to analyse the effect of delayed diagnosis on mortality rates, and evaluate the role of delayed diagnosis as a new prognostic factor in patients with oesophageal atresia (OA), especially in developing countries.MethodsThe records of 80 consecutive patients with OA (2008–2013) were reviewed. Patients were divided into two groups according to the time of diagnosis. As we demonstrated the effect of delayed diagnosis on mortality, we decided to develop a new classification that will be utilised to predict the prognosis of OA. The discrimination ability of the new prognostic classification was compared with those of the Waterston, Montreal and Spitz classifications using the area under the curve.ResultsThe parameters of the new prognostic classification were birth weight less than 2000 g, the presence of major cardiac/life‐threatening anomalies and delay in diagnosis. Class I consisted of patients with none or one of these parameters. Class II consisted of patients with two or three of these parameters. The area under the curve of the new classification was better than those of the other classifications in determining the prognosis of patients with OA.ConclusionsDelayed diagnosis of OA significantly led to morbidity and mortality. Although delayed diagnosis is not a characteristic of newborn or a marker of severity for OA and is a health care system issue in developing countries, we here point out that it is a prognostic factor in its own right. Our new classification has a superior discriminatory ability compared to the above‐mentioned classifications.
Eligibility criteria for therapeutic hypothermia: From trials to clinical practice
Authors: Mehta Shailender , Joshi Anjali , Bajuk Barbara , Badawi Nadia , McIntyre Sarah , Lui Kei 
Published: October 2016

AimWhole body therapeutic hypothermia (TH) for hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy was introduced into clinical practice in New South Wales (NSW) and Australian Capital Territory in 2007. State‐wide policy adopting the eligibility criteria and practice based on trial‐designs was published in 2009.MethodsThe study was conducted by retrospectively reviewing medical records of all TH infants born between 2007 and 2011 in NSW and Australian Capital Territory to examine if eligibility criteria (assessed against evidence‐based policy directives) were met.ResultsA total of 207 infants received TH, 104 (50%) did not meet the eligibility criteria defined in NSW policy directive. Over the 5‐year period, the proportion of infants meeting the eligibility criteria did not change. Seventy percent of infants (73 out of 104) not meeting eligibility criteria did not fulfil the criteria for ‘evidence of asphyxia’, although half of them met ‘moderate or severe encephalopathy criterion’. Adverse events (hypotension, coagulopathy and arrhythmia), were more common in the ‘criteria met’ group than the ‘criteria not met’ group (89 vs. 71%, P = 0.001). Similar proportions of infants had TH discontinued before 72 h (criteria met: 32 (31%) vs. criteria not met: 27(26%)). Most frequent reason for early cessation was ‘palliation’ (19/32, 59%) in criteria met and ‘clinical improvement’ (16/27, 59%) in criteria not met group.ConclusionsMany TH infants were treated based on clinician judgement, though not meeting the trial‐design policy criteria. Early TH cessation (<72 h) was common. Future studies are warranted on long‐term neurodevelopmental outcomes for all infants receiving TH particularly those with early cessation of therapy.
Acute pancreatitis complicating choledochal cysts in children
Authors: Muthucumaru Mathievathaniy , Ljuhar Damir , Panabokke Gayathri , Paul Eldho , Nataraja Ramesh , Ferguson Peter , Dagia Charuta , Clarnette Tom , King Sebastian 
Published: October 2016

AimTo analyse the characteristics of patients with choledochal cysts presenting with acute pancreatitis.MethodsMulticenter retrospective review of all paediatric patients (<18 years) with choledochal cysts managed over a 14‐year period (2001–2014) at two tertiary paediatric surgical centres. Patient data were analysed for demographics, presentation, radiological classification of cyst type (Todani), operative interventions, complications and long‐term follow‐up.ResultsA total of 49 patients with choledochal cysts were identified with 15 (31%) being Type I fusiform, 18 (37%) Type I cystic and 16 (32%) Type IV‐A. Seventeen (35%) patients presented with acute pancreatitis, one having had an ante‐natally diagnosed choledochal cyst. Patients presenting with pancreatitis were older when compared to the non‐pancreatitis group (5.1 vs. 1.2 years, P = 0.005). Nine out of 16 (53%) patients with Type IV‐A cysts presented with pancreatitis compared to five (33%) of Type I fusiform and three (17%) of Type I cystic. There was however no statistically significant association between Todani types and the development of pancreatitis (Type I fusiform, P = 1.0; Type I cystic, P = 0.063; Type IV‐A, P = 0.053). The rate of complications was similar in both groups.ConclusionPancreatitis was a common presentation in children with a choledochal cyst, however, there was no clear statistically significant association with Todani types and pancreatitis.
Cancer metastasis: Mechanisms of inhibition by melatonin
Authors: Su Shih‐Chi , Hsieh Ming‐Ju , Yang Wei‐En , Chung Wen‐Hung , Reiter Russel J. , Yang Shun‐Fa 
Published: October 2016

AbstractMelatonin is a naturally occurring molecule secreted by the pineal gland and known as a gatekeeper of circadian clocks. Mounting evidence indicates that melatonin, employing multiple and interrelated mechanisms, exhibits a variety of oncostatic properties in a myriad of tumors during different stages of their progression. Tumor metastasis, which commonly occurs at the late stage, is responsible for the majority of cancer deaths; metastases lead to the development of secondary tumors distant from a primary site. In reference to melatonin, the vast majority of investigations have focused on tumor development and progression at the primary site. Recently, however, interest has shifted toward the role of melatonin on tumor metastases. In this review, we highlight current advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms by which melatonin counteracts tumor metastases, including experimental and clinical observations; emphasis is placed on the impact of both cancer and non‐neoplastic cells within the tumor microenvironment. Due to the broad range of melatonin's actions, the mechanisms underlying its ability to interfere with metastases are numerous. These include modulation of cell–cell and cell–matrix interaction, extracellular matrix remodeling by matrix metalloproteinases, cytoskeleton reorganization, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and angiogenesis. The evidence discussed herein will serve as a solid foundation for urging basic and clinical studies on the use of melatonin to understand and control metastatic diseases.