bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Value of Endocan in Prostate Cancer: Clinicopathologic Association between Serum Endocan Levels and Biochemical Recurrence after Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Arslan Burak , Onuk Özkan , Hazar İsmet , Aydın Muammer , Çilesiz Nusret Can , Eroglu Ali , Nuhoglu Barış 
Published: August 2016

Purpose To assess the diagnostic capability of serum endocan level in association with clinicopathologic features and its impact on biochemical progression-free survival in patients with prostate cancer (PCa). Methods A total of 86 patients with localized prostate cancer were treated with open radical prostatectomy (RP). The control group included 80 patients who were referred to the urology outpatient clinic with normal rectal examination and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. The patients’ characteristics, baseline PSA value, and serum endocan levels were recorded. The patients were followed up with the measurement of PSA concentration every 3 months during the first year, thereafter every 6 months until 5 years, then yearly after surgery. The primary endpoint of follow-up was the time of biochemical recurrence. Results The median serum endocan levels were 3.14 ng/mL in the RP group and 2.98 ng/mL in the control group (p = 0.122). A total of 86 patients who underwent RP for PCa were divided into 2 groups based on a cutoff serum endocan level of 1.8 ng/mL. The distribution of Gleason score and biochemical failure rate were significantly higher in patients with serum endocan ≥1.8 ng/mL (p = 0.031 and p = 0.047). The biochemical recurrence-free time for endocan ≥1.8 ng/mL and <1.8 ng/mL were 38 and 56 months, respectively (p = 0.041). Spearman correlation analysis showed a linear relationship between endocan expression and Gleason score (p = 0.025, p = 0.511). Multivariate analysis revealed that elevated serum endocan level (≥1.8 ng/mL) was a significant predictor of biochemical progression-free survival (hazard ratio 2.44; 95% confidence interval 1.78-3.23; p = 0.001). Conclusions The current study indicates that endocan has a close relationship with tumor recurrence in PCa.
Combined Therapy with Dabrafenib and Trametinib in BRAF-Mutated Metastatic Melanoma in a Real-Life Setting: The INT Milan Experience
Authors: Cavalieri Stefano , Di Guardo Lorenza , Cimminiello Carolina , Bono Aldo , Tolomio Elena , Colombetti Anna , Valeri Barbara , Di Tolla Giuseppe , de Braud Filippo , Del Vecchio Michele 
Published: August 2016

Purpose Combination therapy with dabrafenib and trametinib is safer and more effective than BRAF inhibitor-based monotherapy for metastatic melanoma. Methods We retrospectively analyzed BRAF-mutated metastatic melanoma patients treated at our institution with daily oral dabrafenib 300 mg and trametinib 2 mg from November 2013 to April 2016. This clinical record included both untreated and previously treated stage IV melanomas. Physical examination and laboratory examinations were performed monthly and disease re-evaluations were performed every 3 months. Results A total of 48 patients (24 male, 24 female) with BRAF-mutated metastatic melanoma received dabrafenib and trametinib; median age was 48 years (range 23-75). Median follow-up was 362.5 days (range 72-879). Best overall response rate consisted of 6.2% (3 patients) complete response, 64.6% (31) partial response, and 25% ( 12 ) stable disease; median time to best response was 11 weeks (range 5.7-125.5). Progression of disease was seen in 19 patients (39.6%), with median time to progression (TTP) of 26 weeks (range 8-54). A total of 15 patients (31.2%) died due to progression of disease. Median progression-free survival and median overall survival were not reached. To date, 30 patients (62.5%) are still under treatment. A total of 27 (56.2%) patients had at least one adverse event (AE); grade 3-4 AEs were seen in 4 cases (8.3%). The main toxicities were fever (25%), skin rash (14.6%), arthralgias (10.4%), and aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase increase (8.3%). Treatment dose was reduced in 7 subjects (14.6%), with only one case of discontinuation due to AE. Conclusions Our data, using combined targeted therapy, are in line with the scientific literature in terms of both safety and effectiveness in a real-life setting.
The Clinical Value of PSA Increase during Intravesical Adjuvant Therapy for Nonmuscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer
Authors: Serretta Vincenzo , Gesolfo Cristina Scalici , Di Maida Fabrizio , Caruana Giovanni , Rocchini Lorenzo , Moschini Marco , Colombo Renzo , Simonato Alchiede 
Published: August 2016

Introduction Prostatic Specific Antigen (PSA), Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) increase after intravesical BCG has been reported. The need of prostate biopsy in these patients is object of debate. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of intravesical therapy on PSA after transurethral resection (TUR) of nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Materials and methods Patients undergoing intravesical chemotherapy or immunotherapy for NMIBC were entered. PSA was measured before TUR, before the first and after the sixth instillation, 30 and 90 days after the last instillation. Patients with PSA ≥4 ng/ml or palpable prostate nodule were excluded. Results Out of 130 patients, 105 were evaluable. PSA increase (mean: 7.15 ng/ml) was detected after TUR and before intravesical therapy in 14 patients (13.3%). Of the remaining 91 patients, 65 (71.4%) received chemotherapy and 26 (28.6%) BCG. Median PSA before and during therapy was 1.80 and 1.97 ng/ml, with a 36% median increase in 66 patients (72.5%) (p = 0.13). No statistically significant difference emerged between chemotherapy and BCG (p = 0.22). PSA higher than 4 ng/ml was detected in six (6.3%) and two (2.1%) patients after chemotherapy and BCG, respectively, and was no more evident at 90 days. Discussion PSA increase due to intravesical therapy is rare and usually not clinically significant. PSA rising above 4 ng/ml during intravesical treatment was evident only in 8% of patients. PSA before TUR should be available and considered as the basal value. Elevated PSA detected during therapy should be monitored and biopsy proposed only if persisting more than 3 months after the end.
As publicações do projeto Jovens e a História (2007–2014): Metodologia, conceitos, temáticas, abordagens e algumas conclusões
Authors: Barom Wilian Carlos Cipriani 
Published: August 2016

<p>Coordenado pelo prof. Dr. Luis Fernando Cerri, o projeto de pesquisa “Jovens e a História”, financiado pelo CNPq (2010 - 2012) e pela Fundação Araucária (2014- 2016), é um levantamento sobre a consciência histórica, cultura política e percepções da aprendizagem escolar de História de jovens entre 15 e 16 anos na América do Sul (Brasil, Argentina, Paraguai, Chile, Uruguai). Esta coleta de dados foi feita por meio de questionários impressos, para professores e alunos, em uma sala de aula por escola, em sete tipos de escolas (Pública de excelência, pública de periferia, pública rural, pública central, privada laica empresarial, privada laica comunitária e privada confessional). O que resultou num montante de 3246 questionários aplicados à alunos e 267 a professores. Com esta aplicação concluída em 2013, pesquisadores iniciaram um processo de análise destes dados, o que resultou em inúmeras publicações científicas. O presente artigo busca realizar uma breve análise destas publicações na intenção apontar os principais conceitos e teorias que envolvem o Projeto Jovens e a História, sua metodologia de pesquisa, limites estruturais e possibilidades, além de temáticas e abordagens que estão sendo preferidas por estes pesquisadores. Contou com uma amostra de doze artigos publicados em periódicos, um trabalho dissertativo e oito publicações de comunicação oral, num recorte de 2007 a 2014.</p><p> </p>
Assessing Four Quality Indicators for Multiple Sclerosis Management Through Patient-Reported Data
Authors: Shoemaker Sarah J. , Pozniak Alyssa , Hadden Louise 
Published: August 2016

Background: Although hundreds of quality indicators (QIs) have been developed for various chronic conditions, QIs specific to multiple sclerosis (MS) care have only recently been developed. We sought to examine the extent to which the self-reported care of individuals with MS meets four recently developed MS QIs related to treatment of depression, spasticity, and fatigue and timely initiation of disease-modifying agents (DMAs) for relapsing MS.
Methods: Using the Sonya Slifka Study data, we examined the proportion of the MS population meeting four QIs (based on patient-reported data) in a sample of individuals with MS in 2007–2009. For the three diagnoses, meeting the QI was defined as receiving appropriate medication or seeing a provider for treatment of the diagnosis; for timely initiation, it was defined as receiving a DMA within 3 months of a relapsing MS diagnosis. We also examined differences in characteristics between respondents who met the QI versus those who did not.
Results: Approximately two-thirds of people with MS in this sample, per the predefined criteria, met the QIs for treatment of depression, management of spasticity, and DMA initiation within 3 months of a relapsing diagnosis, and approximately one-fifth met the QI for management of fatigue. There were some significant differences in characteristics between respondents who met the QIs and those who did not.
Conclusions: This study examined a subset of MS QIs based on patient-reported data. Additional data sources are needed to fully assess compliance with MS QIs.
Trains of large Kelvin‐Helmholtz billows observed in the Kuroshio above a seamount
Authors: Chang Ming‐Huei , Jheng Sin‐Ya , Lien Ren‐Chieh 
Published: August 2016

AbstractTrains of large Kelvin‐Helmholtz (KH) billows within the Kuroshio current at ~230 m depth off southeastern Taiwan and above a seamount were observed by shipboard instruments. The trains of large KH billows were present in a strong shear band along the 0.55 m s−1 isotach within the Kuroshio core; they are presumably produced by flow interactions with the rapidly changing topography. Each individual billow, resembling a cat's eye, had a horizontal length scale of 200 m, a vertical scale of 100 m, and a timescale of 7 min, near the local buoyancy frequency. Overturns were observed frequently in the billow cores and the upper eyelids. The turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rates estimated using the Thorpe scale had an average value of O(10−4) W kg−1 and a maximum value of O(10−3) W kg−1. The turbulence mixing induced by the KH billows may exchange Kuroshio water with the surrounding water masses.
Was Venus the first habitable world of our solar system?
Authors: Way M. J. , Del Genio Anthony D. , Kiang Nancy Y. , Sohl Linda E. , Grinspoon David H. , Aleinov Igor , Kelley Maxwell , Clune Thomas 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPresent‐day Venus is an inhospitable place with surface temperatures approaching 750 K and an atmosphere 90 times as thick as Earth's. Billions of years ago the picture may have been very different. We have created a suite of 3‐D climate simulations using topographic data from the Magellan mission, solar spectral irradiance estimates for 2.9 and 0.715 Gya, present‐day Venus orbital parameters, an ocean volume consistent with current theory, and an atmospheric composition estimated for early Venus. Using these parameters we find that such a world could have had moderate temperatures if Venus had a prograde rotation period slower than ~16 Earth days, despite an incident solar flux 46–70% higher than Earth receives. At its current rotation period, Venus's climate could have remained habitable until at least 0.715 Gya. These results demonstrate the role rotation and topography play in understanding the climatic history of Venus‐like exoplanets discovered in the present epoch.
On the relationship between atmospheric rivers and high sea water levels along the U.S. West Coast
Authors: Khouakhi A. , Villarini G. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAtmospheric rivers (ARs) are narrow filaments of high moisture transported within extratropical systems. The role of ARs as drivers of heavy precipitation and flooding has been well documented; however, little is known about the contribution of landfalling ARs to high sea water levels, which are the leading cause of coastal flooding. Here we assess the relationship between ARs and extreme hourly sea level time series at 15 tide gauges along the continental U.S. Pacific Coast. Results indicate that ARs are associated with 15% to 50% of the annual sea level maxima before (and 22% to 65% after) removing tidal oscillations. Strong associations are also found when using other high sea level metrics. From a climatic perspective, the frequency of extreme hourly sea levels tends to increase during the negative phase of the Arctic Oscillation and during the positive phases of the Pacific‐North American pattern and the El Niño–Southern Oscillation.
Method for estimating the stress field from seismic moment tensor data based on the flow rule in plasticity theory
Authors: Matsumoto S. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe stress field is a key factor controlling earthquake occurrence and crustal evolution. In this study, we propose an approach for determining the stress field in a region using seismic moment tensors, based on the classical equation in plasticity theory. Seismic activity is a phenomenon that relaxes crustal stress and creates plastic strain in a medium because of faulting, which suggests that the medium could behave as a plastic body. Using the constitutive relation in plastic theory, the increment of the plastic strain tensor is proportional to the deviatoric stress tensor. Simple mathematical manipulation enables the development of an inversion method for estimating the stress field in a region. The method is tested on shallow earthquakes occurring on Kyushu Island, Japan.
Monte Carlo simulation of the neutron monitor yield function
Authors: Mangeard P.‐S. , Ruffolo D. , Sáiz A. , Madlee S. , Nutaro T. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractNeutron monitors (NMs) are ground‐based detectors that measure variations of the Galactic cosmic ray flux at GV range rigidities. Differences in configuration, electronics, surroundings, and location induce systematic effects on the calculation of the yield functions of NMs worldwide. Different estimates of NM yield functions can differ by a factor of 2 or more. In this work, we present new Monte Carlo simulations to calculate NM yield functions and perform an absolute (not relative) comparison with the count rate of the Princess Sirindhorn Neutron Monitor (PSNM) at Doi Inthanon, Thailand, both for the entire monitor and for individual counter tubes. We model the atmosphere using profiles from the Global Data Assimilation System database and the Naval Research Laboratory Mass Spectrometer, Incoherent Scatter Radar Extended model. Using FLUKA software and the detailed geometry of PSNM, we calculated the PSNM yield functions for protons and alpha particles. An agreement better than 9% was achieved between the PSNM observations and the simulated count rate during the solar minimum of December 2009. The systematic effect from the electronic dead time was studied as a function of primary cosmic ray rigidity at the top of the atmosphere up to 1 TV. We show that the effect is not negligible and can reach 35% at high rigidity for a dead time >1 ms. We analyzed the response function of each counter tube at PSNM using its actual dead time, and we provide normalization coefficients between count rates for various tube configurations in the standard NM64 design that are valid to within ∼1% for such stations worldwide.
Relative importance of horizontal and vertical transports to the formation of ionospheric storm‐enhanced density and polar tongue of ionization
Authors: Liu Jing , Wang Wenbin , Burns Alan , Solomon Stanley C. , Zhang Shunrong , Zhang Yongliang , Huang Chaosong 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThere are still uncertainties regarding the formation mechanisms for storm‐enhanced density (SED) in the high and subauroral latitude ionosphere. In this work, we deploy the Thermosphere Ionosphere Electrodynamic General Circulation Model (TIEGCM) and GPS total electron content (TEC) observations to identify the principle mechanisms for SED and the tongue of ionization (TOI) through term‐by‐term analysis of the ion continuity equation and also identify the advantages and deficiencies of the TIEGCM in capturing high‐latitude and subauroral latitude ionospheric fine structures for the two geomagnetic storm events occurring on 17 March 2013 and 2015. Our results show that in the topside ionosphere, upward E × B ion drifts are most important in SED formation and are offset by antisunward neutral winds and downward ambipolar diffusion effects. In the bottomside F region ionosphere, neutral winds play a major role in generating SEDs. SED signature in TEC is mainly caused by upward E × B ion drifts that lift the ionosphere to higher altitudes where chemical recombination is slower. Horizontal E × B ion drifts play an essential role in transporting plasma from the dayside convection throat region to the polar cap to form TOIs. Inconsistencies between model results and GPS TEC data were found: (1) GPS relative TEC difference between storm time and quiet time has “holes” in the dayside ion convection entrance region, which do not appear in the model results. (2) The model tends to overestimate electron density enhancements in the polar region. Possible causes for these inconsistencies are discussed in this article.
An east‐west contrast of upper ocean heat content variation south of the subpolar front in the East/Japan Sea
Authors: Yoon Seung‐Tae , Chang Kyung‐Il , Na Hanna , Minobe Shoshiro 
Published: August 2016

AbstractLong‐term variability of nonseasonal ocean heat content (OHC) in the upper 500 m in the East/Japan Sea (EJS) exhibits a distinct east‐west contrast during the recent 30 years. The contrasting OHC variations are revisited and investigated more in detail by analyzing two observational data sets, the gridded data from 1976 to 2007 and in situ data from 1976 to 2011 in the southwestern EJS that covers the zone of western boundary current. The OHC variability shows in‐phase and predominant decadal variation in both east and west regions before 1995, but uncorrelated and predominant interannual variations after 1995. Heaving effects due to major branches of warm currents in the EJS, the East Korea Warm Current (EKWC) in the western part and other two branches in the eastern part, mainly contribute to the OHC variations. The heaving effect in the western EJS is shown to be associated with changes in winter wind‐stress curl field in the northern EJS. Weakening of the subpolar gyre due to weakening of positive wind‐stress curl in the Japan Basin related with wintertime Western Pacific teleconnection pattern and Siberian High appears to enhance the northward penetration of the EKWC resulting in an increase of OHC in the western EJS. The heaving effect in the eastern EJS is significantly correlated with the Siberian High, but the causative mechanism is inconclusive. This study also demonstrates the importance of using highly resolved data sets for areas affected by strong and narrow boundary currents in computing and understanding the OHC variability.
Interactions between complex craters and the lunar crust: Analysis using GRAIL data
Authors: Bierson C. J. , Phillips Roger J. , Nimmo Francis , Besserer Jonathan , Milbury Colleen , Keane James T. , Soderblom Jason M. , Zuber Maria T. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA high‐resolution gravity map over the entire lunar surface has been derived from data acquired by the Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) mission. Soderblom et al. (2015) showed that crater Bouguer gravity anomalies scale with crater diameter and porosity for craters in the lunar highlands. Here we extend this study globally, examining complex craters in each of the three lunar terranes: highlands, maria, and the South Pole‐Aitken basin. We find that craters within South Pole‐Aitken basin and in the lunar maria have statistically different Bouguer anomalies from those in the lunar highlands. These differences are best explained by differences in crustal porosity among the three terranes. Though there is still much unresolved scatter in the data, we find that no other lunar material properties (crustal thickness, density gradient, etc.) are able to improve our model fit to the data.
Microbial consortia controlling biogenic gas formation in the Qaidam Basin of western China
Authors: Shuai Yanhua , Zhang Shuichang , Grasby Stephen E. , Hou Weiguo , Chen Zhuoheng , Huang Ling , Kui Mingqing , Xu Yirui , Wang Yang 
Published: August 2016

AbstractKnowledge of what controls the activity of subsurface microbial communities is critical for assessing and managing biogenic methane resources. In this study, 19 formation waters and five gas samples were collected at depths of 800 to 1900 m from Quaternary biogenic gas fields of the Qaidam Basin, China. The formation waters were brines with chloride (Cl) concentrations from 1200 to 2700 mM. Bacterial 16S rRNA gene copies ranged from 3.75 × 104 to 2.23 × 106 copies mL−1 of water, and those of archaea ranged from 2.44 × 103 to 4.66 × 107 copies mL−1 of water. Both bacterial and archaea 16 s rRNA gene copies were negatively correlated with Cl concentration. The microbial community structure differed significantly depending on Cl concentrations. At high Cl waters (>1800 mM), the microbial community showed a halophilic signature made up of several abundant taxonomic groups within Firmicules, γ‐Proteobacteria, and methylotrophic Methanosarcinales. At low Cl, Firmicules and hydrogenotrophic methanogens were dominant members. The proportion of inferred hydrogenotrophic methanogens decreased from 89% to 14% of total archaeal reads with increasing Cl concentration; in contrast, methylotrophic species increased from 11% to 85%. Given that the proportion of hydrogenotrophic species was positively correlated with the archaeal gene abundances, we suggest that Cl concentrations primarily constrain the activity of archaea catalyzing H2 reduction of CO2. Our results show that dilution of formation waters is critical in the process of biogenic gas formation, suggesting that an engineered decrease in Cl concentrations may induce methanogenesis as a potential method to increase gas reserves in such areas in the future.
Resection of the ethmoidal crest in sphenopalatine artery surgery
Authors: Saraceni Neto Paulo , Nunes Leonardo Mendes Acatauassu , Caparroz Fabio de Azevedo , Gregorio Luciano Lobato , de Souza Rafael de Paula e Silva Felice , Simões Juliana Caminha , Kosugi Eduardo Macoto 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundIn severe cases of epistaxis, in spite of several procedures described in the literature for its management, surgical treatment has been recognized by most authors as 1 of the most effective, especially when it includes ligation and/or electrocoagulation of the nasal branches of the sphenopalatine artery. The objective of this study is to determine the importance of ethmoid crest resection during sphenopalatine artery surgery, in the management of severe epistaxis.MethodsWe report a double‐blinded randomized clinical trial, in which intervention was the ethmoid crest resection during electrocoagulation of the sphenopalatine artery. The study participants consisted of 42 patients with severe epistaxis and indication for surgical treatment, treated at the Otorhinolaryngology Emergency Room (ORL ER) of Hospital Sao Paulo, the teaching hospital of the Federal University of Sao Paulo.ResultsThere was significant greater exposure of the arterial branch after removal of the ethmoidal crest (p = 0.009). The rate of bleeding within 48 hours of the procedure was significantly lower in the crest removal group.ConclusionResection of the ethmoid crest during sphenopalatine surgery proved to be feasible without additional risks, including promoting decrease in the overall surgical time. It provided better exposure of arterial branches of the sphenopalatine foramen, leading to a lower rebleeding rate within 48 hours.