bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forearm skin aging: characterization by instrumental measurements
Authors: Carvalho P. R. S. , Sumita J. M. , Soares J. L. M. , Sanudo A. , Bagatin E. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe intrinsic ageing and photoaged skin present biomechanical and morphological differences, which are reflected in the appearance of roughness, superficial and deep wrinkles, atrophy, reduced elasticity, hypo‐ and hyperpigmentation and actinic keratosis.ObjectiveTo evaluate and compare the characteristics of the flexor (with a predominance of intrinsic ageing) and extensor (chronically exposed to sunlight and other environmental factors, with a predominance of photoageing) skin surfaces of the forearms.MethodsInterventional, prospective, diagnostic study, including 23 females, aged over 60 years. The extensor and flexor faces of forearms were compared in relation to clinical parameters and non‐invasive instrumental measurements, such as skin surface, elasticity, hydration as well as dermal thickness and echogenicity.ResultsRegarding the water content of the stratum corneum, the flexor face presented an average value higher than the extensor face. The average of measures obtained through images of high‐frequency ultrasound demonstrated greater echogenicity of flexor face compared to the extensor face. The measurements of the skin surface showed significant differences between the faces. The roughness and scaliness were lower in the flexor face. Regarding the depth of wrinkles, there was no significant difference between the faces. The average of the measurements was slightly higher in the flexor face, which demonstrated that wrinkles are present in the intrinsic ageing and photoageing. The presence of elastosis and the reduction in elasticity in the clinical aspect of the photoaged face of forearms were according to the results of the non‐invasive measurements.ConclusionMeaningful differences in the biophysical characteristics of the extensor and flexor faces of the forearms were detected. Because the non‐invasive instrumental measurements correlated with clinical findings, they may represent useful tools to assess efficacy and safety of skin ageing treatments in clinical research.
The effect of preoperative oral administration of prednisolone on postoperative pain in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis: a single‐centre randomized controlled trial
Authors: Elkhadem A. , Ezzat K. , Ramadan M. , AbdelGhaffar S. , Khamis D. , Hassan A. , Abdel‐Mawgoud A. , Mamdouh A. , AbouZeid M. , Amin S. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimThis single‐centre randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial assessed the effect of a preoperative, single, oral dose of prednisolone on postoperative pain and postoperative analgesic intake in patients with symptomatic, irreversible pulpitis in mandibular molars.MethodologyFour hundred participants, randomly assigned to two equal groups, received either 40 mg prednisolone or placebo tablets 30 min before single‐visit root canal treatment. Patients recorded their pain level 6, 12 and 24 h after treatment on a 100‐mm visual analogue scale. All patients received a sham capsule to take if needed as a postoperative analgesic, and, if the pain persisted, an analgesic was prescribed. The relative risk reduction and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated for binary data. Mann–Whitney U‐test was used to compare postoperative pain intensity between groups.ResultsThe relative risk reduction in pain incidence was 20.31% (95% CI: 12.03%, 27.82%) at 6 h, 23.39% (95% CI: 14.75%, 31.16%) at 12 h and 28.85% (95% CI: 18.08%, 38.20%) at 24 h. Prednisolone had significantly less post‐obturation pain intensity compared to placebo at 6, 12 and 24 h (P < 0.001). The relative risk reduction in sham‐capsule intake was 54% (95% CI: 38%, 66%) and of analgesic intake was 55% (95% CI: 3%, 79%). No adverse effects were recorded.ConclusionPreoperative oral administration of a single dose of 40 mg prednisolone was beneficial to control short‐term post‐obturation pain after single‐visit root canal treatment in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis reducing pain incidence after 24 h by approximately 30% and postoperative analgesic intake by approximately 55%.
Knowledge, perception, and practice of patients about pityriasis versicolor in Kaduna, North Central Nigeria
Authors: Yahya Husain 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundAlthough pityriasis versicolor (PV) is a common fungal infection of the skin affecting up to 50% of the population in the tropics, little is known about what patients know, believe, or feel about the condition.MethodsIn a cross‐sectional questionnaire study of 608 consecutive patients attending the General Outpatient Department and Skin Clinic of a public hospital in Kaduna, Nigeria, self‐report of PV, knowledge about its causes, treatments used by patients, and perception and feelings about the condition were assessed.ResultsOverall 608 patients were studied (239/594 [40.2%] males, 355/594 [59.8%] females, age 11–49 years, mean ± SD age of 29.3 ± 10.1). Lifetime self‐report prevalence of PV was 271/606 (44.7%) (males: 117/239 [50.0%] females: 148/355 [41.7%] P = 0.09). Three hundred and twenty‐seven of 608 (53.8%) patients believed PV was transmitted from another person while 204/608 (33.6%) believed the condition was caused by poor personal hygiene. One hundred and thirty of 608 (21.4%) thought PV was caused by fungi living on the skin. Virtually all respondents who had PV had used at least one preparation with more than half visiting a healthcare facility. A total of 305/608 (50.2%), 189/608 (31.1%), and 142/608 (23.4%) respondents reported feeling or likely feeling uncomfortable, embarrassed, or ashamed, respectively, about PV. Being considered a dirty person (45.6%) and being avoided by other people (28%) were common concerns of respondents.ConclusionMost patients did not know what caused PV, and many were uncomfortable, embarrassed, and ashamed, and feared being considered dirty and avoided by others.
Determining the factors associated with blood‐borne virus testing of substance misusers presenting to hospital
Authors: Tennant Elaine , Vollmer‐Conna Ute , Demirkol Apo , Post Jeffrey J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundDiagnosing blood‐borne virus (BBV) infection is an essential first step in eliminating transmission and securing access to treatment amongst substance misusers.AimsTo determine the proportion of substance misusers presenting to hospital who undergo BBV testing and the factors influencing testing.MethodsA retrospective cross‐sectional study was performed of patients presenting to two Sydney teaching hospitals with substance misuse diagnoses between January and April 2015. Proportions tested for human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis C and hepatitis B previously and during the index hospitalisation presentation were examined. Multivariable analysis was performed to determine factors associated with testing.ResultsOf 239 patients, 47 (19.7%) had a documented BBV at baseline. Of those with unknown BBV status, 29 (12.8%) had undergone some attempt at testing during presentation; 3.1% had their hepatitis B immunity assessed. Factors associated with an increased likelihood of testing during presentation included documented injecting drug use (odds ratio (OR) 15.14; 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.21–54.50; P < 0.001), admission under a physician (OR 11.79; 95% CI 2.82–49.40; P = 0.001) and admission on a Friday (OR 4.46; 95% CI 1.28–15.48; P = 0.02). Patients who had had more than one previous admission in the preceding 6 months (OR 0.24; 95% CI 0.078–0.73; P = 0.01) or a length of stay of 1 day or less (OR 0.17; 95% CI 0.032–0.87; P = 0.033) were less likely to be tested.ConclusionDespite the high baseline prevalence of BBV infections in the population, there were many missed opportunities for BBV testing. We found patient‐, admission‐ and clinician‐level barriers that could be addressed to enhance BBV testing uptake.
Scan‐layered reconstructions: A pilot study of a nondestructive dental histoanatomical analysis method and digital workflow to create restorations driven by natural dentin and enamel morphology
Authors: Malta Barbosa João , Tovar Nick , A. Tuesta Pablo , Hirata Ronaldo , Guimarães Nuno , Romanini José C. , Moghadam Marjan , Coelho Paulo G. , Jahangiri Leila 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectiveThis work aims to present a pilot study of a non‐destructive dental histo‐anatomical analysis technique as well as to push the boundaries of the presently available restorative workflows for the fabrication of highly customized ceramic restorations.Materials and MethodsAn extracted human maxillary central incisor was subject to a micro computed tomography scan and the acquired data was transferred into a workstation, reconstructed, segmented, evaluated and later imported into a Computer‐Aided Design/Computer‐Aided Manufacturing software for the fabrication of a ceramic resin‐bonded prosthesis.ResultsThe obtained prosthesis presented an encouraging optical behavior and was used clinically as final restoration.ConclusionThe digitally layered restorative replication of natural tooth morphology presents today as a clear possibility. New clinical and laboratory‐fabricated, biologically inspired digital restorative protocols are to be expected in the near future.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEThe digitally layered restorative replication of natural tooth morphology presents today as a clear possibility. This pilot study may represent a stimulus for future research and applications of digital imaging as well as digital restorative workflows in service of esthetic dentistry.
Determination of vertebral heart score in three species of Spider monkey (Ateles fusciceps, A. hybridusandA. paniscus)
Authors: Saunders Richard A. , Kubiak Marie , Dobbs Phillipa 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe vertebral heart score (VHS) is a method of evaluation of cardiac size well documented in domestic mammals and in other primate species, and the aim of this study was to determine theVHSin three species of Spider monkey.MethodsIn this retrospective study, right lateral radiographs of thirty clinically well animals were reviewed and VHS determined. The species included wereAteles fusciceps(n=17),Ateles hybridus(n=8) andAteles paniscus(n=5).ResultsThe VHS was found to vary between species and was 9.73±0.81 forA. fusciceps, 10.53±0.37 forA. hybridusand 10.45±0.27 forA. paniscus.ConclusionsThe observed values appear consistent with values determined for other primate species. There was statistically significant variation noted between species, and soVHSshould be considered species‐specific in this genus. The values determined may be of benefit in objectively evaluating cardiac size in the species investigated.
Successful treatment of uterine artery pseudoaneurysm with laparoscopic temporary clamping of bilateral uterine arteries, followed by hysteroscopic surgery
Authors: Ota Hajime , Fukushi Yoshiyuki , Wada Shinichiro , Fujino Takafumi , Omori Yuko , Kushima Miki 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSurgical strategies for the treatment of uterine artery pseudoaneurysm (UAP) include transarterial embolization and ultrasound‐guided low‐dose thrombin injection. Such strategies, however, have limitations and include the risk of ischemic damage to the uterus. We report a case of UAP treated with a new hysteroscopic and laparoscopic technique. A 29‐year‐old G1P0 woman with spontaneous abortion was transferred to the present institution because of hemorrhagic shock. We diagnosed ruptured UAP on transvaginal ultrasound with color Doppler. Emergency laparoscopic temporary clamping of the bilateral uterine arteries was done to reduce the bleeding, and transcervical resection to stop the hemorrhaging and to collect the pseudoaneurysm tissue. After surgery, blood flow to the myometrium was monitored on ultrasound. By postoperative day 48, normal menstruation had restarted, and no intrauterine adhesions were observed. On pathology of the UAP, a dilated spiral artery without its characteristic elastic fibers was identified. This surgical approach may help preserve fertility and allow for pathological diagnosis of UAP.
Texture and breakdown in the mouth: An industrial research approach
Authors: Lillford Peter 
Published: May 2017

AbstractTexture is one of foods' most important qualities, but is a sensory perception by consumers. To understand, predict and design for sensory appeal, we must codify the sensory response and diagnose the physical stimuli in the mouth which give rise to perception. This brief review examines the leading contributions from Szczesniak and Bourne and shows the developments in the field, built on their earlier contributions. Because of its importance to consumer appeal, the food industry has made significant contributions. We now understand that human subjects monitor the entire process from initial bite, through mastication to swallowing, and the mouth is an extremely sophisticated processing device with both feedback and feedforward sensing. To understand the mechanisms of perception, multidisciplinary approaches of fracture and failure, rheology, tribology and forensic microscopy are now applied, and collaborations exist between sensory analysts, physicists, engineers, and oral physiologists.Practical applicationsThe design of food structure for sensory appeal is the driving force in product development. The approaches outlined in this short review, represent the current “toolbox” available to the industry and academics interested in breakdown and perception in the mouth.
Diet composition and food consumption rate of harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) in the western Baltic Sea
Authors: Andreasen Heidi , Ross Stine D. , Siebert Ursula , Andersen Niels G. , Ronnenberg Katrin , Gilles Anita 
Published: May 2017

AbstractStomach content composition and prey‐specific consumption rates of juvenile and adult harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) were estimated from a data set including 339 stomachs collected over a 32 yr period (1980–2011) in the western Baltic Sea. The stomach contents were mainly hard parts of fish prey and in particular otoliths. The bias originating from differential residence time of otoliths in the stomachs was addressed by use of a recently developed approach. Atlantic cod and herring were the main prey of adults, constituting on average 70% of the diet mass. Juvenile porpoises also frequently consumed gobies. Here, the mass contribution by gobies was on average 25%, which was as much as cod. Other species such as whiting, sprat, eelpout, and sandeels were of minor importance for both juveniles and adults. The diet composition differed between years, quarters, and porpoise acquisition method. Yearly consumption rates for porpoises in the western Baltic Sea were obtained in three scenarios on the daily energy requirements of a porpoise in combination with an estimate including the 95% CLs of the porpoise population size. Cod of age groups 1 and 2 and intermediate‐sized herring suffered the highest predation from porpoises.
Changes of cortical activation in swallowing following high frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in older adults
Authors: Park J.‐W. , Sim G.‐J. , Kim H.‐J. , Yeo J.‐S. , Hong H.‐J. , Kwon B. S. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundThis study explored whether high‐frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can induce positive changes in the cortical areas of older adults who do not have functional difficulties in swallowing.MethodsTen healthy, right‐handed, elderly volunteers were subjected to 18F‐labeled fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography(FDG‐PET) scans when at rest, swallowing before rTMS, and swallowing after rTMS. During the swallowing study, water was infused orally via a catheter at a rate of 600 mL/h. Subjects swallowed water every 20 seconds following a light flash for 30 minutes. During rest, the light source was active, but subjects were requested not to swallow. The rTMS consisted of 5 Hz applied to a pharyngeal motor hot spot in the right hemisphere for 10 minutes every weekday for 2 weeks. The intensity of the stimulation was set at 90% of the thenar motor threshold of the same hemisphere. The differences between each patient's active image and the control images (P<.05) on a voxel‐by‐voxel basis were examined to find significant increases in metabolism using statistical parametric mapping software.Key ResultsThe cortical areas activated by swallowing before rTMS included the bilateral sensorimotor cortex (Brodmann's areas 3 and 4) and showed symmetry. The cortical areas activated by swallowing after rTMS were the same as the areas before rTMS. There was no statistical difference between the two swallowing activation areas.Conclusions and InferencesOlder adults displayed the symmetry of cortical control of swallowing function. High frequency rTMS did not affect the activation in the swallowing sensorimotor cortices of elderly people.
Phototherapy for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia
Authors: Itoh Susumu , Okada Hitoshi , Kuboi Toru , Kusaka Takashi 
Published: May 2017

AbstractApproximately 60 years ago in England, phototherapy for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia was used in clinical practice. It was introduced in Japan approximately 50 years ago. At that time, the mechanism underlying the serum bilirubin concentration decrease by phototherapy was still unknown. The mechanism was identified by chemists, biochemists, and pediatricians. Clarification started with the report that unconjugated bilirubin was excreted into bile after photoirradiation in Gunn rats. After confirmation of the molecular structure of bilirubin on X‐ray analysis, the mechanism for bile excretion of unconjugated bilirubin was verified based on geometric configurational photoisomers in the Gunn rat. Finally, the reaction and excretion of structural bilirubin photoisomers was proved to be the main mechanism for the decrease in serum bilirubin during phototherapy for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, which differs from the mechanism in the Gunn rat. The most effective and safest light source and the optimal method to evaluate phototherapy, however, remain unknown. Moreover, as for bronze baby syndrome, which is a well‐known adverse reaction to phototherapy, the etiology is unclear. Hence, we review phototherapy for hyperbilirubinemia including a fundamental understanding of the bilirubin photochemical reactions, and discuss the subclinical carcinogenic risk of phototherapy and the increased mortality rate of extremely low‐birthweight infants due to aggressive phototherapy, which is becoming an increasing problem.
Digital story telling in social justice nursing education
Authors: LeBlanc Raeann G. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to explore and evaluate how digital stories integrated into public health nursing education can teach social justice concepts essential for nurse leadership.Design and SampleFour digital stories were selected and incorporated into a public health nursing course. Students were asked to reflect on these stories. A retrospective qualitative analysis was completed on the student narrative reflections and analyzed for themes. A total of 108 narrative reflections of public health nursing students were included from 2015 to 2016.ResultsThemes were identified based on analysis and include—Encountering Vulnerability, Questioning Systems and Choosing Moral Courage.ConclusionsDigital stories offer an innovative medium to convey the importance of story, advance social justice as an essential practice of nursing, and create opportunities that addresses social justice in nursing and in developing nursing leaders.
Nonspecific toxins as components of a host‐specific culture filtrate from Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 1
Authors: Portal N. , Soler A. , Alphonsine P. A. M. , Borras‐Hidalgo O. , Portieles R. , Peña‐Rodriguez L. M. , Yanes E. , Herrera L. , Solano J. , Ribadeneira C. , Walton J. D. , Santos R. 
Published: May 2017

Bananas and plantains (Musa spp.) are among the most important crops in the world providing staple food for hundreds of millions of people. However, banana production has been devastated by fungal infestations caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc). Despite the fact that there is very little known on the role of microbial metabolites in the molecular mechanism of Foc infections, it has been proposed that the toxins fusaric acid and beauvericin produced by Foc play an important role during pathogenesis. The aim of this contribution was to study the toxic components of culture filtrates (CF) of Foc and to isolate the extracellular microbial metabolites involved in the plant response. An in vitro bioassay was used to evaluate the production of phytotoxic metabolites as well as the specificity of culture from a strain of Foc belonging to VCG 01210 (race 1). A host‐specific CF was obtained and the phytotoxic compounds characterized as fusaric acid, beauvericin and fumonisin B1. Despite the presence of these nonspecific toxins, a water‐soluble extract from the CF induced protection to the main phytotoxic fraction, measured by lesion area. This hydrophilic fraction induced a fast and strong response of just jasmonic acid (JA)‐dependent defence genes rather than salicylic acid (SA)‐ and ethylene (ET)‐response genes in resistant cultivars. Extracellular proteins isolated from CF of Foc provide an important source for further investigations on the molecular basis of the interaction between Foc and banana.
Short‐term response of snowshoe hares to western larch restoration and seasonal needle drop
Authors: Kumar Alexander V. , Sparks James R. , Mills L. Scott 
Published: May 2017

AbstractOld‐growth western larch has been degraded throughout much of its historic range due to extensive timber harvest and fire suppression. We examined the effects of a restoration treatment of western larch on snowshoe hares, a denizen of the boreal forest serving as a focal animal species to indicate the health of the restored ecosystem. We implemented a restoration treatment using “doughnut thinning” to accelerate development of old‐growth attributes in larch stands and simultaneously examined the short‐term effects on snowshoe hare density, survival, and movement. Although typical forest management activities tend to have adverse effects on hares especially in the short term, we found that the restoration treatment did not affect hare density or survival in the short term. In addition, despite significant decreases in cover coinciding with the larch needle drop, we found evidence of year‐round immigration into larch stands by hares suggesting larch stands are suitable year‐round hare habitat. Taken together, our findings suggest that a larch restoration treatment designed to accelerate the development of old‐growth attributes can be implemented so as to have no measurable short‐term detrimental effects on hares.