bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global Cities
Authors: Gottlieb Robert , Ng Simon 
Published: January 2018

How Los Angeles, Hong Kong, and China deal with such urban environmental issues as ports, goods movement, air pollution, water quality, transportation, and public space.
Over the past four decades, Los Angeles, Hong Kong, and key urban regions of China have emerged as global cities—in financial, political, cultural, environmental, and demographic terms. In this book, Robert Gottlieb and Simon Ng trace the global emergence of these urban areas and compare their responses to a set of six urban environmental issues.
These cities have different patterns of development: Los Angeles has been the quintessential horizontal city, the capital of sprawl; Hong Kong is dense and vertical; China's new megacities in the Pearl River Delta, created by an explosion in industrial development and a vast migration from rural to urban areas, combine the vertical and the horizontal. All three have experienced major environmental changes in a relatively short period of time. Gottlieb and Ng document how each has dealt with challenges posed by ports and the movement of goods, air pollution (Los Angeles, Hong Kong, and urban China are all notorious for their hazardous air quality), water supply (all three places are dependent on massive transfers of water) and water quality, the food system (from seed to table), transportation, and public and private space. Finally they discuss the possibility of change brought about by policy initiatives and social movements.
Is the Universe a Hologram?
Authors: Plasencia Adolfo 
Published: January 2018

Questions about the physical world, the mind, and technology in conversations that reveal a rich seam of interacting ideas.
Science today is more a process of collaboration than moments of individual “eurekas.” This book recreates that kind of synergy by offering a series of interconnected dialogues with leading scientists who are asked to reflect on key questions and concepts about the physical world, technology, and the mind. These thinkers offer both specific observations and broader comments about the intellectual traditions that inform these questions; doing so, they reveal a rich seam of interacting ideas.
The persistent paradox of our era is that in a world of unprecedented access to information, many of the most important questions remain unsolved. These conversations (conducted by a veteran science writer, Adolfo Plasencia) reflect this, with scientists addressing such issues as intelligence, consciousness, global warming, energy, technology, matter, the possibility of another earth, changing the past, and even the philosophical curveball, “is the universe a hologram?”
The dialogues discuss such fascinating aspects of the physical world as the function of the quantum bit, the primordial cosmology of the universe, and the wisdom of hewn stones. They offer optimistic but reasoned views of technology, considering convergence culture, algorithms, “Beauty ≠ Truth,” the hacker ethic, AI, and other topics. And they offer perspectives from a range of disciplines on intelligence, discussing subjects that include the neurophysiology of the brain, affective computing, collaborative innovation, and the wisdom of crowds.
Conversations with
Hal Abelson, Ricardo Baeza-Yates, John Perry Barlow, Javier Benedicto, José Bernabéu, Michail Bletsas, Jose M. Carmena, David Casacuberta, Yung Ho Chang, Ignacio Cirac, Gianluigi Colalucci, Avelino Corma, Bernardo Cuenca Grau, Javier Echeverria, José Hernández-Orallo, Hiroshi Ishii, Pablo Jarillo-Herrero, Henry Jenkins, Anne Margulies, Mario J. Molina, Tim O'Reilly, John Ochsendorf, Paul Osterman, Alvaro Pascual-Leone, Rosalind W. Picard, Howard Rheingold, Alejandro W. Rodriguez, Israel Ruiz, Sara Seager, Richard Stallman, Antonio Torralba, Bebo White, José María Yturralde
Treatment of Chronic Chikungunya Arthritis With Methotrexate: A Systematic Review
Authors: Amaral J. Kennedy , Sutaria Ravi , Schoen Robert T. 
Published: January 2018

ObjectiveChikungunya virus infection is a rapidly emerging global viral infection that can cause chronic, debilitating arthritis that in some ways mimics rheumatoid arthritis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the available evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of methotrexate (MTX), a therapy that is widely used in rheumatoid arthritis, for the treatment of chronic chikungunya arthritis.MethodsA systematic literature search was performed to identify all published trials that evaluated MTX as monotherapy or combination therapy in patients with chronic chikungunya arthritis. PubMed, SciELO, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases were searched from study inception to August 2017. We also searched Google Scholar, the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform Search Portal, and clinicaltrials.gov.ResultsAmong 131 possibly relevant studies, 6 met our criteria for evaluation: 4 were retrospective studies, 1 was a non‐controlled prospective study, and 1 was an unblinded randomized clinical trial of combination MTX therapy. In the randomized clinical trial, triple therapy with MTX, hydroxychloroquine, and sulfasalazine was superior to hydroxychloroquine monotherapy, as assessed by the mean ± SD Disease Activity Score in 28 joints using the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (3.39 ± 0.87 versus 4.74 ± 0.65; P < 0.0001) and the Health Assessment Questionnaire score (1.14 ± 0.31 versus 1.88 ± 0.47; P < 0.0001).ConclusionThe number of available studies is limited, but taken together, these studies demonstrate that MTX is sufficiently efficacious to justify further study of MTX for the treatment of chronic chikungunya arthritis. The trials lacked rigorous study designs and used different treatment strategies and outcome measures. This systematic review underscores the need for randomized, prospective, placebo‐controlled studies of MTX monotherapy for the treatment of chronic chikungunya arthritis.
Broadband Plasmonic Antenna Enhanced Upconversion and Its Application in Flexible Fingerprint Identification
Authors: Xu Wen , Lee Tae Kyung , Moon Byeong‐Seok , Song Hongwei , Chen Xu , Chun Byungae , Kim Young‐Jin , Kwak Sang Kyu , Chen Peng , Kim Dong‐Hwan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPlasmonic antennas based on metallic nanostructures that can trap long‐wavelength light can be used to substantially enhance the efficiency of optoelectronic devices by utilizing light beyond the visible region. This study experimentally and theoretically demonstrates that a silver nanowire network (AgNW‐net) plasmonic antenna exhibits superwide surface plasmon extinction because of the strong plasmon coupling between AgNWs, providing the ability to trap light spanning the entire solar spectrum. As a proof‐of‐concept demonstration, the AgNW‐net is used to greatly improve the luminescence of lanthanide‐doped upconversion nanocrystals (UCNCs) under dual wavelength excitation and the periodic alternating multilayer structure of AgNWs/UCNCs is further successfully introduced to improve the absolute luminescence intensity of AgNWs/UCNCs composite films. Furthermore, evidence has been provided that this improvement is attributable to excitation field enhancement rather than Purcell effect or plasmon‐enhanced energy transfer. Finally, an upconversion flexible fingerprint identification technology is developed based on AgNW‐net/UCNCs/polyvinyl alcohol composite materials, which allows us extracting fingerprints on various uneven bending surfaces.
Readiness Level of Sodium‐Ion Battery Technology: A Materials Review
Authors: Chen Lin , Fiore Michele , Wang Ji Eun , Ruffo Riccardo , Kim Do‐Kyung , Longoni Gianluca 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSince the breakthrough achieved in the research around material intercalating lithium, almost a decade has passed before the commercialization of the first lithium‐ion battery (LIB). On the brink of an energy voracious future, convergence of scientific efforts over efficient and low‐cost energy production and storage would be advantageous and beneficial. The research hovering around sodium‐ion rechargeable batteries (SIBs), a more sustainable alternative to LIBs, has been observing a positive momentum for ten years now, and chemically stable and electrochemically performing anode and cathode materials represent important milestones on the path toward a commercial full‐cell. Material science breakthroughs achieved in carbon and graphite based matrices, layered and open framework structures, and sodium storing alloys, disclose new full‐cell set up opportunities going beyond traditional “rocking chair” configuration. In this contribution an in‐depth analysis of chemical and physical principles lying beyond the energy storage provided by SIBs most recently investigated active materials is given. In the second half of the review, challenges, opportunities, and state‐of‐the art description of full‐cell SIBs lab scale prototypes are discussed. The latter, indeed, stands for a technological validation of a low‐cost alternative to lithium‐ion batteries guaranteeing energy densities close to 150 Wh kg−1.
Enhanced Photovoltaic Performance of Amorphous Donor–Acceptor Copolymers Based on Fluorine‐Substituted Benzodioxocyclohexene‐Annelated Thiophene
Authors: Ie Yutaka , Morikawa Koki , Zajaczkowski Wojciech , Pisula Wojciech , Kotadiya Naresh B. , Wetzelaer Gert‐Jan A. H. , Blom Paul W. M. , Aso Yoshio 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDonor–acceptor (D‐A) type π‐conjugated copolymers with crystalline behavior have been extensively investigated as donor semiconductors in organic photovoltaics (OPVs). On the other hand, the development of high‐performance amorphous donor materials is still behind. The amorphous donor copolymer DTS‐C0(F2) consisting of dithieno[3,2‐b:2′,3′‐d]silole (DTS) donor unit and the recently developed fluorine‐substituted naphtho[2,3‐c]thiophene‐4,9‐dione (C0(F2)) acceptor unit shows moderate photovoltaic performance upon blending with PC71BM. In this work, to enhance the hole‐transporting characteristics, a 3‐hexylthiophene (HT) spacer unit is integrated into the conjugated backbone, resulting in a new amorphous copolymer DTS‐HT‐C0(F2). The strong electron‐accepting nature of C0(F2) allows the introduction of the HT spacer without affecting the frontier orbital energies and thus the D‐A character. Without using solvent additives and thermal annealing, OPVs based on DTS‐HT‐C0(F2) and [6,6]‐phenyl‐C71‐butyric acid methyl ester PC71BM show an improved power conversion efficiency of 9.12%. Investigation of the device physics unambiguously reveals that the hole mobility of the copolymer in the blend is increased by an order of magnitude by the introduction of HT, while keeping an amorphous film nature, leading to higher short‐circuit current density and fill factor. These results demonstrate the realization of high‐performance OPVs based on amorphous active layers.
Flexible Quasi‐Solid‐State Sodium‐Ion Capacitors Developed Using 2D Metal–Organic‐Framework Array as Reactor
Authors: Xu Dongming , Chao Dongliang , Wang Huanwen , Gong Yansheng , Wang Rui , He Beibei , Hu Xianluo , Fan Hong Jin 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAchieving high‐performance Na‐ion capacitors (NICs) has the particular challenge of matching both capacity and kinetics between the anode and cathode. Here a high‐power NIC full device constructed from 2D metal–organic framework (MOFs) array is reported as the reactive template. The MOF array is converted to N‐doped mesoporous carbon nanosheets (mp‐CNSs), which are then uniformly encapsulated with VO2 and Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP) nanoparticles as the electroactive materials. By this method, the high‐power performance of the battery materials is enabled to be enhanced significantly. It is discovered that such hybrid NVP@mp‐CNSs array can render ultrahigh rate capability (up to 200 C, equivalent to discharge within 18 s) and superior cycle performance, which outperforms all NVP‐based Na‐ion battery cathodes reported so far. A quasi‐solid‐state flexible NIC based on the NVP@mp‐CNSs cathode and the VO2@mp‐CNSs anode is further assembled. This hybrid NIC device delivers both high energy density and power density as well as a good cycle stability (78% retention after 2000 cycles at 1 A g−1). The results demonstrate the powerfulness of MOF arrays as the reactor for fabricating electrode materials.
The spleen of patients with myelofibrosis harbors defective mesenchymal stromal cells
Authors: Avanzini Maria Antonietta , Abbonante Vittorio , Catarsi Paolo , Dambruoso Irene , Mantelli Melissa , Poletto Valentina , Lenta Elisa , Guglielmelli Paola , Croce Stefania , Cobianchi Lorenzo , Jemos Basilio , Campanelli Rita , Bonetti Elisa , Di Buduo Christian Andrea , Salmoiraghi Silvia , Villani Laura , Massa Margherita , Boni Marina , Zappatore Rita , Iurlo Alessandra , Rambaldi Alessandro , Vannucchi Alessandro Maria , Bernasconi Paolo , Balduini Alessandra , Barosi Giovanni , Rosti Vittorio ,   on behalf of the AGIMM Investigators
Published: January 2018

AbstractSplenic hematopoiesis is a major feature in the course of myelofibrosis (MF). In fact, the spleen of patients with MF contains malignant hematopoietic stem cells retaining a complete differentiation program, suggesting both a pivotal role of the spleen in maintaining the disease and a tight regulation of hematopoiesis by the splenic microenvironment, in particular by mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Little is known about splenic MSCs (Sp‐MSCs), both in normal and in pathological context. In this work, we have in vitro expanded and characterized Sp‐MSCs from 25 patients with MF and 13 healthy subjects (HS). They shared similar phenotype, growth kinetics, and differentiation capacity. However, MF Sp‐MSCs expressed significant lower levels of nestin, and favored megakaryocyte (Mk) differentiation in vitro at a larger extent than their normal counterpart. Moreover, they showed a significant upregulation of matrix metalloprotease 2 (MMP2) and fibronectin 1 (FN1) genes both at mRNA expression and at protein level, and, finally, developed genetic abnormalities which were never detected in HS‐derived Sp‐MSCs. Our data point toward the existence of a defective splenic niche in patients with MF that could be responsible of some pathological features of the disease, including the increased trafficking of CD34+ cells and the expansion of the megakaryocytic lineage.
Chirality Sensing of Molecules with Diverse Functional Groups by Using N‐tert‐Butyl Sulfinyl Squaramide
Authors: Yang Guo‐Hui , Li Yao , Li Xin 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe readily available bifunctional 3,5‐[di(trifluoromethyl)]phenyl‐substituted N‐tert‐butyl sulfinyl squaramide was used as a unique chiral solvating agent. The strong hydrogen‐bonding donor ability of this chiral compound led to its effective use in the chiral recognition of multiple guest molecules.
Residence rule flexibility and descent groups dynamics shape uniparental genetic diversities in South East Asia
Authors: Ly Goki , Alard Bérénice , Laurent Romain , Lafosse Sophie , Toupance Bruno , Monidarin Chou , Diffloth Gérard , Bourdier Frédéric , Evrard Olivier , Pavard Samuel , Chaix Raphaëlle 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjectivesSocial organization plays a major role in shaping human population genetic diversity. In particular, matrilocal populations tend to exhibit less mitochondrial diversity than patrilocal populations, and the other way around for Y chromosome diversity. However, several studies have not replicated such findings. The objective of this study is to understand the reasons for such inconsistencies and further evaluate the influence of social organization on genetic diversity.Materials and MethodsWe explored uniparental diversity patterns using mitochondrial HV1 sequences and 17 Y‐linked short tandem repeats (STRs) in 12 populations (n = 619) from mainland South–East Asia exhibiting a wide range of social organizations, along with quantitative ethno‐demographic information sampled at the individual level.ResultsMtDNA diversity was lower in matrilocal than in multilocal and patrilocal populations while Y chromosome diversity was similar among these social organizations. The reasons for such asymmetry at the genetic level were understood by quantifying sex‐specific migration rates from our ethno‐demographic data: while female migration rates varied between social organizations, male migration rates did not. This unexpected lack of difference in male migrations resulted from a higher flexibility in residence rule in patrilocal than in matrilocal populations. In addition, our data suggested an impact of clan fission process on uniparental genetic patterns.ConclusionsThe observed lack of signature of patrilocality on Y chromosome patterns might be attributed to the higher residence flexibility in the studied patrilocal populations, thus providing a potential explanation for the apparent discrepancies between social and genetic structures. Altogether, this study highlights the need to quantify the actual residence and descent patterns to fit social to genetic structures.
Olfactory dysfunction and cognition among older adults in the United States
Authors: Choi Janet S. , Hur Kevin , Chow Michael , Shen Jasper , Wrobel Bozena 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundIn this work we assess the association between olfactory dysfunction and cognition in a nationally representative sample of older adults in the United States.MethodsParticipants aged ≥60 years (n = 1236) from the 2013–2014 National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey underwent both olfactory and cognitive testing. Olfaction was assessed by both objective test (8‐odor Pocket Smell Test: smell impairment defined as score ≤2) and self‐report. Cognitive assessment consisted of the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), the Animal Fluency Test, and the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD). Regression models were used to examine the association between olfaction and cognition while adjusting for demographics, cardiovascular factors, and associated medical history.ResultsThe prevalence of smell impairment in US older adults was 18.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 14.0‐22.0%) and 22.0% (95% CI, 18.5‐25.6%) based on objective smell test and self‐report, respectively. In a multivariate model adjusted for relevant factors, low smell test scores were consistently associated with low scores on cognitive assessments, with a DSST score difference of −1.5 (95% CI, −2.2 to −0.8), Animal Fluency Test score difference of −0.4 (95% CI, −0.7 to −0.1), and CERAD Word List score difference of −0.4 (95% CI, −0.6 to −0.2) per 1‐point decrease in smell test score. There was no association between self‐reported smell impairment and cognition.ConclusionObjectively measured olfactory dysfunction is independently associated with cognitive impairment. These findings are consistent with previous studies and suggest the utility of objective olfactory tests as an indicator for cognitive impairment as compared with self‐reported olfactory dysfunction, which is an uncertain indicator.
Modern Electrochemical Aspects for the Synthesis of Value‐Added Organic Products
Authors: Möhle Sabine , Zirbes Michael , Rodrigo Eduardo , Gieshoff Tile , Wiebe Anton , Waldvogel Siegfried R. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe use of electricity instead of stoichiometric amounts of oxidizers or reducing agents in synthesis is very appealing for economic and ecological reasons, and represents a major driving force for research efforts in this area. To use electron transfer at the electrode for a successful transformation in organic synthesis, the intermediate radical (cation/anion) has to be stabilized. Its combination with other approaches in organic chemistry or concepts of contemporary synthesis allows the establishment of powerful synthetic methods. The aim in the 21st Century will be to use as little fossil carbon as possible and, for this reason, the use of renewable sources is becoming increasingly important. The direct conversion of renewables, which have previously mainly been incinerated, is of increasing interest. This Review surveys many of the recent seminal important developments which will determine the future of this dynamic emerging field.
Synergistic N‐Heterocyclic Carbene/Palladium‐Catalyzed Reactions of Aldehyde Acyl Anions with either Diarylmethyl or Allylic Carbonates
Authors: Yasuda Shigeo , Ishii Takuya , Takemoto Shunsuke , Haruki Hiroki , Ohmiya Hirohisa 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBenzylation and allylation of aldehyde acyl anions were enabled by the merger of a thiazolium N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalyst and a palladium/bisphosphine catalyst in a synergistic manner. Owing to the mildness of the reaction conditions, various functional groups were tolerated in the substrates.
Stability and rheological study of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and alginate suspensions as binders for lithium ion batteries
Authors: García Alberto , Culebras Mario , Collins Maurice N. , Leahy James J. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTCurrently, the most widely used binder in batteries is polyvinylidene fluoride with N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone used as a solvent. This solvent is flammable and toxic. Here, we focus on the suitability of using water‐soluble sodium alginate (Na‐alginate) and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Na‐CMC) as alternative biobased binder materials for the anodes of lithium ion batteries. It reduces the environmental impact of current manufacturing processes. However, control of the rheological characteristics of the binder whilst containing active and conductive additives is key for optimized processing. Here, we perform stability and rheological measurements of Na‐alginate and Na‐CMC solutions containing varying amounts of graphite and carbon black used as active and conductive materials, respectively. Compared with the benchmark Na‐CMC, the degree of flocculation shows that for the same concentration of binder in water, Na‐alginate suspensions are more stable. The rheology measurements show that Na‐alginate slurries have a higher viscosity than Na‐CMC at a shear rate of 50 s−1 with that for a 1.5% of Na‐alginate binder being 1.26 Pa s while for Na‐CMC it was for 0.20 Pa s. The loss factor was lower for Na‐Alginate, between 2 and 3 against between 2.9 and 3.3 for Na‐CMC, showing a more developed network structure. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46217.
Biological evaluation and pharmacophore modeling of some benzoxazoles and their possible metabolites
Authors: Zilifdar Fatma , Foto Egemen , Ertan‐Bolelli Tugba , Aki‐Yalcin Esin , Yalcin Ismail , Diril Nuran 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA series of benzoxazole derivatives and some possible primary metabolites were evaluated as anticancer agents. In vitro anti‐proliferative activities of the compounds were tested using the SRB assay on cancerous (HeLa) and non‐cancerous (L929) cell lines. It was found that 17 of 21 tested compounds had cytotoxic activity on HeLa cells and the cytotoxic activities of the compounds were 15–700 times higher than on L929 cells. We generated two distinct pharmacophore models for the cytotoxic activities of the compounds on HeLa and L929 cells. While active compounds such as camptothecin and X8 fitted the two models generated for both cell lines, selective cytotoxic compounds such as XT3B fitted only the model generated for HeLa cells. Evaluation of the genotoxic activities of the cytotoxic compounds with the alkaline comet assay revealed that compounds X17 and XT3 showed strong genotoxic effects against HeLa cells at low concentrations whereas they had no genotoxic effect on L929 cells. Due to the selective ability for inducing DNA strand breaks only on cancerous cells, the compounds were identified as effective derivatives for anticancer candidates.