bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of the Ligand Shell Morphology during Ligand Exchange Reactions on Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Luo Zhi , Hou Jing , Menin Laure , Ong Quy Khac , Stellacci Francesco 
Published: August 2017

AbstractLigand exchange reactions are used to achieve nanoparticles coated with a mixture of ligand molecules. Currently, nothing is known on the evolution of the morphology of the ligand shell during the reaction. Here, we use a recently developed method (based on MALDI‐TOF) to follow the evolution of the ligand shell composition and morphology during the reaction. We observe the expected evolution in composition and we find that the ligand shell starts as a random mixture and gradually evolves towards a patchy morphology. When the composition has reached a plateau (i.e. when the reaction is generally assumed to be finished), the ligand shell morphology keeps evolving for days, slowly approaching its equilibrium configuration.
Versatile Tri(pyrazolyl)phosphanes as Phosphorus Precursors for the Synthesis of Highly Emitting InP/ZnS Quantum Dots
Authors: Panzer René , Guhrenz Chris , Haubold Danny , Hübner René , Gaponik Nikolai , Eychmüller Alexander , Weigand Jan J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractTri(pyrazolyl)phosphanes (5R1,R2) are utilized as an alternative, cheap and low‐toxic phosphorus source for the convenient synthesis of InP/ZnS quantum dots (QDs). From these precursors, remarkably long‐term stable stock solutions (>6 months) of P(OLA)3 (OLAH=oleylamine) are generated from which the respective pyrazoles are conveniently recovered. P(OLA)3 acts simultaneously as phosphorus source and reducing agent in the synthesis of highly emitting InP/ZnS core/shell QDs. These QDs are characterized by a spectral range between 530–620 nm and photoluminescence quantum yields (PL QYs) between 51–62 %. A proof‐of‐concept white light‐emitting diode (LED) applying the InP/ZnS QDs as a color‐conversion layer was built to demonstrate their applicability and processibility.
Formation of Olefins by Eliminative Dimerization and Eliminative Cross‐Coupling of Carbenoids: A Stereochemical Exercise
Authors: Blakemore Paul R. , Hoffmann Reinhard W. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractTwo carbenoids combine to generate an olefin by a mechanism involving formation of an ate complex, 1,2‐metalate rearrangement, and β‐elimination. As each stage of this eliminative coupling is stereospecific, the overall stereochemical outcome can be understood and, in principle fully controlled, providing that the absolute stereochemical configurations of the reacting carbenoid species are defined. In contrast to traditional alkene syntheses, the eliminative cross‐coupling of carbenoids offers a connective approach to olefins capable of precisely targeting a given isomer regardless of the nature of the features distinguishing the isomers. The formation of olefins by the eliminative dimerization and eliminative cross‐coupling of carbenoids is reviewed with a range of illustrative examples, including the reactions of α‐lithiated haloalkanes, epoxides, and carbamates. An emphasis is placed on stereochemical analysis and methods to generate sp3‐hybridized carbenoids in stereodefined form are surveyed.
Special morphology and its role in mechanical enhancement of linear low‐density polyethylene/multiwalled carbon nanotubes composites
Authors: Shi Su‐yu , Wang Li‐na , Xin Chang‐zheng , Zhao Kang , Liu Chun‐tai , Zheng Guo‐qiang 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTIn this work, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), as reinforcing agent, were blended with linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE), then molded by hot compression molding to prepare LLDPE/MWCNTs composites. Tensile tests indicate that the strength, Young's modulus, and toughness are all improved for LLDPE/MWCNTs composites containing 1 and 3 wt % MWCNTs. Compared with LLDPE, the Young's modulus of LLDPE/MWCNTs composites rises from 144.8 to 270.8 MPa at 1 wt % MWCNTs content. At the same time, increases of 18.5% in tensile strength and 16.6% in yield strength are achieved. Additionally, its toughness is enhanced by 26.7% than that of LLDPE. Microstructure characterizations, including differential scanning calorimetry, X‐ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy were performed to investigate the variations of microstructure and further to establish the relationship between microstructure and mechanical properties. Homogeneous dispersion of MWCNTs, network formation, and development of an oriented nanohybrid shish‐kebab structure contribute to the enhanced strength and toughness. The increased crystallinity is beneficial to the reinforcement and increased modulus. Additionally, the thermal stability of the LLDPE/MWCNTs composites is enhanced as well. This work suggests a promising routine to optimize polymer/MWCNTs composites by tailoring the structural development. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45525.
Brief Report: Drug‐Free Long‐Term Remission in Severe Behçet's Disease Following Withdrawal of Successful Anti–Tumor Necrosis Factor Treatment
Authors: Sfikakis Petros P. , Arida Aikaterini , Panopoulos Stylianos , Fragiadaki Kalliopi , Pentazos George , Laskari Katerina , Tektonidou Maria , Markomichelakis Nikos 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveTo test the hypothesis that remission of Behçet's disease (BD) in patients with severe vital organ involvement is maintained after withdrawal of successful anti–tumor necrosis factor (anti‐TNF) treatment.MethodsThis single‐center, retrospective, longitudinal outcomes study focused on consecutive patients with disease refractory to treatment with conventional immunosuppressant agents who responded to add‐on long‐term anti‐TNF treatment that was subsequently discontinued. The end point was the proportion of patients remaining in complete remission for at least 3 years after withdrawal of anti‐TNF treatment.ResultsIn our BD cohort comprising 87 patients, 29 were eligible for analysis. All of these patients had disease that was refractory to conventional immunosuppressive therapy and had received successful anti‐TNF treatment for a median of 2 years (interquartile range [IQR] 1.1–2.0) before treatment discontinuation. Of these patients, 12 (41%) achieved the study end point. The remaining 17 patients experienced a relapse within 1 year (IQR 0.6–1.5) after discontinuation. Re‐treatment with anti‐TNF was safe and effective in 14 (82%) of 17 patients; so far, 4 of these patients also achieved the study end point. Overall, 16 patients have remained in complete remission (median 6.5 years [IQR 5.5–8]). Ten of these patients are in drug‐free remission (treated with anti‐TNF agents, mainly for sight‐threatening disease), and 6 are in azathioprine‐maintained remission (treated with anti‐TNF agents for ocular, intestinal, or central nervous system involvement). Notably, patients in drug‐free remission were significantly younger and had a significantly shorter duration of BD when anti‐TNF treatment was initiated compared to patients receiving azathioprine maintenance treatment.ConclusionDrug‐free, long‐term remission after withdrawal of successful anti‐TNF treatment is feasible in patients with severe BD. Because an anti‐TNF agent–induced “cure” cannot be differentiated from spontaneous remission by natural history, prospective studies should examine whether anti‐TNF agents should be used as first‐line treatment for the induction of remission in every patient with vital organ involvement.
Impact of portal vein infiltration and type of venous reconstruction in surgery for borderline resectable pancreatic cancer
Authors: Ravikumar R , Sabin C , Abu Hilal M , Al-Hilli A , Aroori S , Bond-Smith G , Bramhall S , Coldham C , Hammond J , Hutchins R , Imber C , Preziosi G , Saleh A , Silva M , Simpson J , Spoletini G , Stell D , Terrace J , White S , Wigmore S , Fusai G 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Background
The International Study Group of Pancreatic Surgery (ISGPS) recommends operative exploration and resection of pancreatic cancers in the presence of reconstructable mesentericoportal axis involvement. However, there is no consensus on the ideal method of vascular reconstruction. The effect of depth of tumour invasion of the vessel wall on outcome is also unknown.

Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study of pancreaticoduodenectomy with vein resection for T3 adenocarcinoma of the head of the pancreas across nine centres. Outcome measures were overall survival based on the impact of the depth of tumour infiltration of the vessel wall, and morbidity, in-hospital mortality and overall survival between types of venous reconstruction: primary closure, end-to-end anastomosis and interposition graft.

Results
A total of 229 patients underwent portal vein resection; 129 (56·3 per cent) underwent primary closure, 64 (27·9 per cent) had an end-to-end anastomosis and 36 (15·7 per cent) an interposition graft. There was no difference in overall morbidity (26 (20·2 per cent), 14 (22 per cent) and 9 (25 per cent) respectively; P = 0·817) or in-hospital mortality (6 (4·7 per cent), 2 (3 per cent) and 2 (6 per cent); P = 0·826) between the three groups. One hundred and six patients (47·5 per cent) had histological evidence of vein involvement; 59 (26·5 per cent) had superficial invasion (tunica adventitia) and 47 (21·1 per cent) had deep invasion (tunica media or intima). Median survival was 18·8 months for patients who had primary closure, 27·6 months for those with an end-to-end anastomosis and 13·0 months among patients with an interposition graft. There was no significant difference in median survival between patients with superficial, deep or no histological vein involvement (20·8, 21·3 and 13·3 months respectively; P = 0·111). Venous tumour infiltration was not associated with decreased overall survival on multivariable analysis.

Conclusion
In this study, there was no difference in morbidity between the three modes of venous reconstruction, and overall survival was similar regardless of tumour infiltration of the vein.
Investigation of pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and excretion of schisandrin B in rats by HPLC–MS/MS
Authors: Wang Zhuo , You Linjun , Cheng Yan , Hu Kaiyong , Wang Zhanbo , Cheng Yanan , Yang Jin , Yang Yong , Wang Guangji 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSchisandrin B has received much attention owing to its various biological activities. The present study was aimed at the formulation development of schisandrin B and investigation of the pharmacokinetic profiles, distribution and excretion of schisandrin B in Sprague–Dawley rats. In this study, micronized schisandrin B particles with particle size of 10–20 μm were chosen as the research object. Chromatographic separation was carried out on a BDS Hypersil C18column (50 × 2.1 mm, i.d. 3.5 μm). Schisandrin B and deoxyschizandrin (internal standard) were detected without interference in the multiple reaction monitoring mode with positive electrospray ionization. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by a noncompartmental method. The area under concentration–time curve and the maximum concentration showed a significant difference in gender. The calculated absolute oral bioavailability of schisandrin B was ~55.0% for female rat and 19.3% for male rat. Schisandrin B exhibited linear pharmacokinetics properties within the range of the tested oral dose (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg). After oral administration of schisandrin B, it was extensively distributed in ovary and adipose tissue. The result also showed very low urinary, biliary and fecal excretion of schisandrin B implying that schisandrin B was excreted mainly in the forms of metabolites.
The medium latency muscle response to a vestibular perturbation is increased after depression of the cerebellar vermis
Authors: Lam Chris K. , Staines William R. , Tokuno Craig D. , Bent Leah R. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIntroductionGalvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) is able to evoke distinct responses in the muscles used for balance. These reflexes, termed the short (SL) and medium latency (ML) responses, can be altered by sensory input; decreasing in size when additional sensory cues are available. Although much is known about these responses, the origin and role of the responses are still not fully understood. It has been suggested that the cerebellum, a structure that is involved in postural control and sensory integration, may play a role in the modulation of these reflexes.MethodsThe cerebellar vermis was temporarily depressed using continuous theta burst stimulation and SL, ML and overall vestibular electromyographic and force plate shear response amplitudes were compared before and after cerebellar depression.ResultsThere were no changes in force plate shear amplitude and a non‐significant increase for the SL muscle response (p = .071), however, we did find significant increases in the ML and overall vestibular muscle response amplitudes after cerebellar depression (p = .026 and p = .016, respectively). No changes were evoked when a SHAM stimulus was used.DiscussionThese results suggest that the cerebellar vermis plays a role in the modulation of vestibular muscle reflex responses to GVS.
Out‐group peer involvement in youth alcohol consumption
Authors: Gallage H.P. Samanthika , Tynan Caroline , Heath Teresa 
Published: August 2017

AbstractRecent studies of alcohol consumption among students have consistently linked in‐group influence with excessive drinking. Concurrently, these studies have largely overlooked the influence of non‐alcohol‐consuming peers (the out‐group) on the in‐group's decisions to consume alcohol. However, out‐groups can have a significant impact on in‐group members' decisions regarding publicly consumed products (White, Simpson, & Argo, ), such as is the case of alcohol. In light of this, our study aims to explore how in‐group members' views of their consumption of alcohol are influenced by their out‐group. This study uses Social Identity Theory as the theoretical lens to explain consumer interaction with the out‐group (abstainers) and subsequent views of in‐group members (alcohol consumers). A social constructivist approach is adopted to enable this exploration of meaning, with concomitant use of the qualitative narrative methodology. A sample of 18 postgraduate students studying in the UK was selected. Narratives were collected and analysed using thematic analysis. Although the widely accepted view is that people tend to avoid products or behaviours that are linked with an out‐group, this paper demonstrates conditions in which alcohol consumers appreciate the out‐group. Furthermore, it reveals how drinkers' interaction with their out‐group can lead to negative attitudes towards their in‐group and their own consumption of alcohol. Based on their views of out‐groups, we propose a categorisation of alcohol consumers into 3 groups: avoiders, open admirers, and covert admirers. Finally, we discuss the theoretical and practical implications for social marketers and policy makers.
Aggressive squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder associated with a history of large bladder stone – a case report
Authors: Fernando Manoj Hilary , Jayarajah Umesh , Herath Kasun Bandara , de Silva M. Vipula Chandu , Goonewardena Serozsha Anura Sahadeva 
Published: August 2017

Key Clinical MessageHistory of large bladder stones suggests a long‐standing chronic irritation of the bladder, a known risk factor for squamous cell carcinoma. Therefore, in such patients, we suggest random biopsies to detect presence of dysplasia or malignancy and a follow‐up cystoscopy for early detection of a possible tumor.
Microbial Desalination Cells with Efficient Platinum‐Group‐Metal‐Free Cathode Catalysts
Authors: Santoro Carlo , Talarposhti Morteza Rezaei , Kodali Mounika , Gokhale Rohan , Serov Alexey , Merino‐Jimenez Irene , Ieropoulos Ioannis , Atanassov Plamen 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAn iron‐nitrogen‐carbon‐based catalyst was used at the cathode of a microbial desalination cell (MDC) and compared with platinum (Pt) and an activated carbon (AC) cathode. The Fe‐N−C catalyst was prepared by using nicarbazin (NCB) as the organic precursor through a sacrificial support method (SSM). Rotating ring disk electrode (RRDE) experiments show that Fe‐NCB had a higher electrocatalytic activity compared to AC and Pt. The utilization of Fe‐NCB in the cathode substantially improved the performance output with an initial maximum power density of 49±2 μW cm−2 in contrast to Pt and AC catalysts, which show lower values of 34±1 and 23.5±1.5 μW cm−2, respectively. After four cycles, Fe‐NCB catalyst lost 15 % of its initial performance, but still was 1.3 and 1.8 times more active than Pt and AC, respectively. Solution conductivity inside the desalination chamber (DC) decreased by 46–55 % with every cycle. The pH of the cathodic chamber and the DC increased to 10–11, owing to the production of OH− during the oxygen reduction reaction and the migration of OH− into the DC. Chemical organic demand decreased by 73–83 % during each cycle. It was shown that Fe‐NCB and Pt had a similar coulombic efficiency (CE) of 39±7 % and 38±2 %, whereas AC had lower CE (24±5 %).
Synthesis of Sialic Acids, Their Derivatives, and Analogs by Using a Whole‐Cell Catalyst
Authors: Lv Xun , Cao Hongzhi , Lin Baixue , Wang Wei , Zhang Wande , Duan Qian , Tao Yong , Liu Xue‐Wei , Li Xuebing 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSialic acids (Sias) are important constituents of cell surface glycans. Ready access to Sias in large quantities would facilitate the development of carbohydrate‐based vaccines and small‐molecule drugs. We now present a facile method for synthesizing various natural forms and non‐natural derivatives or analogs of Sias by using a whole‐cell catalyst, which is constructed by adding a plasmid containing necessary enzyme genes into a metabolically engineered strain of Escherichia coli. The flexible substrate tolerance of incorporated enzymes (N‐acetylglucosamine 2‐epimerase and N‐acetylneuraminic acid aldolase) allows the cellular catalyst to convert a wide range of simple and inexpensive sugars into various Sia‐related compounds through an easily scalable fermentation process. Further, syntheses using this whole‐cell biotransformation in combination with three conventional enzymatic reactions provide a series of complex Sia‐containing glycans (sialyloligosaccharides) and their derivatives bearing different substituents. The processes described herein should permit the large‐scale and economical production of both Sias and sialyloligosaccharides, and may complement existing chemical and enzymatic strategies.
Organocatalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of trans‐γ‐Lactams
Authors: Dong Shunxi , Frings Marcus , Zhang Duo , Guo Qianqian , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Cheng Hanchao , Bolm Carsten 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAn N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)‐catalyzed highly diastereo‐ and enantioselective formal [3+2] reaction of o‐hydroxy aromatic aldimines and cinnamaldehydes for the preparation of enantioenriched trans‐γ‐lactams was developed. An internal hydrogen bond between the o‐hydroxy and the imine function was crucial for the reactivity and chemical selectivity. Trans‐γ‐lactam 3 d was easily oxidized to multifunctional 1,4‐benzoquinone 8, which could further be transformed to biaryl 9 in the presence of a phosphoric acid. Finally, preliminary results for a kinetic resolution of (±)‐trans‐γ‐lactam 3 d under asymmetric NHC catalysis are reported.
Bevacizumab alone or in combination with TRC105 for patients with refractory metastatic renal cell cancer
Authors: Dorff Tanya B. , Longmate Jeff A. , Pal Sumanta K. , Stadler Walter M. , Fishman Mayer N. , Vaishampayan Ulka N. , Rao Amol , Pinksi Jacek K. , Hu James S. , Quinn David I. , Lara Primo N. 
Published: August 2017

BACKGROUNDTargeting the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway has improved outcomes in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC); however, resistance inevitably occurs. CD105 (endoglin) is an angiogenic pathway that is strongly upregulated after VEGF inhibition, potentially contributing to resistance. The authors tested whether TRC105, a monoclonal antibody against endoglin, impacted disease control in patients with previously treated RCC who were receiving bevacizumab.METHODSEligible patients with metastatic RCC who had previously received 1 to 4 prior lines of therapy, including VEGF‐targeted agents, were randomized 1:1 to receive bevacizumab 10 mg/kg intravenously every 2 weeks (arm A) or the same plus TRC105 10 mg/kg intravenously every 2 weeks (arm B). The primary endpoint was progression‐free survival (PFS) at 12 and 24 weeks. Correlative studies included serum transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and CD105 levels as well as tissue immunostaining for TGFβ receptors.RESULTSFifty‐nine patients were enrolled (28 on arm A and 31 on arm B), and 1 patient on each arm had a confirmed partial response. The median PFS for bevacizumab alone was 4.6 months compared with 2.8 for bevacizumab plus TRC105 (P = .09). Grade ≥ 3 toxicities occurred in 16 patients (57%) who received bevacizumab compared with 19 (61%) who received bevacizumab plus TRC105 (P = .9). Baseline serum TGFβ levels below the median (<10.6 ng/mL) were associated with longer median PFS (5.6 vs 2.1 months; P = .014).CONCLUSIONSTRC105 failed to improve PFS when added to bevacizumab. TGFβ warrants further study as a biomarker in RCC. Cancer 2017;123:4566‐4573. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Computational Study of the Molecular Structure and Hydrogen Bonding in the Hamilton Wedge/Cyanuric Acid Binding Motif
Authors: Limacher Peter A. , Klopper Wim 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIntermolecular binding between a Hamilton wedge and cyanuric acid, a frequently employed binding motif to achieve self‐assembly of single‐chain polymer nanoparticles, is studied by means of ab initio quantum‐chemical and DFT calculations. A conformational analysis of the isolated compounds and the hydrogen‐bonded complex reveals several low‐energy structures, which are characterized based on their nonplanarity and binding energy. New hypothetical binding motifs are proposed and proven to possess a superior binding energy, upon becoming planar. Comparison to experimentally measured NMR spectroscopy data is made and cases of disagreement are traced back to solvent effects for isolated substituents or to thermally stretched intermolecular bonds for hydrogen‐bonded species. Strong linear correlations between NMR chemical shifts and hydrogen‐bond lengths are established for all compounds investigated.
Predators do not spill over from forest fragments to maize fields in a landscape mosaic in central Argentina
Authors: Ferrante Marco , González Ezequiel , Lövei Gábor L. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSouth America is undergoing a rapid and large‐scale conversion of natural habitats to cultivated land. Ecosystem services still remain important but their level and sustainability are not known. We quantified predation intensity in an Argentinian agricultural landscape containing remnants of the original chaco serrano forest using artificial sentinel prey. We sought to identify the main predators and the effect of landscape configuration and maize phenology on predation pressure by invertebrate and vertebrate predators in this landscape. The most common predators were chewing insects (50.4% predation events), birds (22.7%), and ants (17.5%). Overall predation rates in forest fragments (41.6% per day) were significantly higher than in the surrounding maize fields (21.5% per day). Invertebrate predation was higher inside and at the edge of forest fragments than within fields, and did not change with increasing distance from a fragment edge, indicating a lack of spillover from the native habitat remnants to the cultivated matrix at the local scale. Distance from a continuous forest had a positive impact on predation by invertebrates and a negative impact on vertebrate predation.