bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resilience and positive affect contribute to lower cancer‐related fatigue among Chinese patients with gastric cancer
Authors: Zou Guiyuan , Li Ye , Xu Ruicai , Li Ping 
Published: December 2017

Aims and objectivesTo investigate the prevalence of cancer‐related fatigue and explore the relationship between resilience, positive affect, and fatigue among Chinese patients with gastric cancer.BackgroundCancer‐related fatigue is the most distressing symptom reported frequently by cancer patients during both treatment and survival phases. Resilience and positive affect as vital protective factors against cancer‐related fatigue have been examined, but the underlying psychological mechanisms are not well understood.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsTwo hundred and three gastric cancer patients were enrolled from three hospitals in China. The Cancer Fatigue Scale, the positive affect subscale of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule and the Connor‐Davidson Resilience Scale (CD‐RISC10) were administered. Hierarchical linear regression modelling was conducted to examine the association between resilience and cancer‐related fatigue, and the mediating effect of positive affect.ResultsThe incidence of clinically relevant fatigue among patients with gastric cancer was 91.6%. Regression analysis showed that resilience was negatively associated with cancer‐related fatigue, explaining 15.4% of variance in cancer‐related fatigue. Mediation analysis showed that high resilience was associated with increased positive affect, which was associated with decreased cancer‐related fatigue.ConclusionsCancer‐related fatigue is prevalent among patients with gastric cancer. Positive affect may mediate the relationship between resilience and cancer‐related fatigue.Relevance to clinical practiceInterventions that attend to resilience training and promotion of positive affect may be the focus for future clinical and research endeavours.
The complex physiology of Cellvibrio japonicus xylan degradation relies on a single cytoplasmic β‐xylosidase for xylo‐oligosaccharide utilization
Authors: Blake Andrew D. , Beri Nina R. , Guttman Hadassa S. , Cheng Raymond , Gardner Jeffrey G. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryLignocellulose degradation by microbes plays a central role in global carbon cycling, human gut metabolism and renewable energy technologies. While considerable effort has been put into understanding the biochemical aspects of lignocellulose degradation, much less work has been done to understand how these enzymes work in an in vivo context. Here, we report a systems level study of xylan degradation in the saprophytic bacterium Cellvibrio japonicus. Transcriptome analysis indicated seven genes that encode carbohydrate active enzymes were up‐regulated during growth with xylan containing media. In‐frame deletion analysis of these genes found that only gly43F is critical for utilization of xylo‐oligosaccharides, xylan, and arabinoxylan. Heterologous expression of gly43F was sufficient for the utilization of xylo‐oligosaccharides in Escherichia coli. Additional analysis found that the xyn11A, xyn11B, abf43L, abf43K, and abf51A gene products were critical for utilization of arabinoxylan. Furthermore, a predicted transporter (CJA_1315) was required for effective utilization of xylan substrates, and we propose this unannotated gene be called xntA (xylan transporter A). Our major findings are (i) C. japonicus employs both secreted and surface associated enzymes for xylan degradation, which differs from the strategy used for cellulose degradation, and (ii) a single cytoplasmic β‐xylosidase is essential for the utilization of xylo‐oligosaccharides.
Myasthenia gravis: the role of complement at the neuromuscular junction
Authors: Howard James F. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractGeneralized myasthenia gravis (gMG) is a rare autoimmune disorder characterized by skeletal muscle weakness caused by disrupted neurotransmission at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Approximately 74–88% of patients with gMG have acetylcholine receptor (AChR) autoantibodies. Complement plays an important role in innate and antibody‐mediated immunity, and activation and amplification of complement results in the formation of membrane attack complexes (MACs), lipophilic proteins that damage cell membranes. The role of complement in gMG has been demonstrated in animal models and patients. Studies in animals lacking specific complement proteins have confirmed that MAC formation is required to induce experimental autoimmune MG (EAMG) and NMJ damage. Complement inhibition in EAMG models can prevent disease induction and reverse its progression. Patients with anti‐AChR+ MG have autoantibodies and MACs present at NMJs. Damaged NMJs are associated with more severe disease, fewer AChRs, and MACs in synaptic debris. Current MG therapies do not target complement directly. Eculizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that inhibits cleavage of complement protein C5, preventing MAC formation. Eculizumab treatment improved symptoms compared with placebo in a phase II study in patients with refractory gMG. Direct complement inhibition could preserve NMJ physiology and muscle function in patients with anti‐AChR+ gMG.
Early major complications after bariatric surgery in the USA, 2003–2014: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chang S.‐H. , Freeman N. L. B. , Lee J. A. , Stoll C. R. T. , Calhoun A. J. , Eagon J. C. , Colditz G. A. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryThe effectiveness of bariatric surgery has been well‐studied. However, complications after bariatric surgery have been understudied. This review assesses <30‐d major complications associated with bariatric procedures, including anastomotic leak, myocardial infarction and pulmonary embolism. This review included 71 studies conducted in the USA between 2003 and 2014 and 107,874 patients undergoing either gastric bypass, adjustable gastric banding or sleeve gastrectomy, with mean age of 44 years and pre‐surgery body mass index of 46.5 kg m−2. Less than 30‐d anastomotic leak rate was 1.15%; myocardial infarction rate was 0.37%; pulmonary embolism rate was 1.17%. Among all patients, mortality rate following anastomotic leak, myocardial infarction and pulmonary embolism was 0.12%, 0.37% and 0.18%, respectively. Among surgical procedures, <30‐d after surgery, sleeve gastrectomy (1.21% [95% confidence interval, 0.23–2.19%]) had higher anastomotic leak rate than gastric bypass (1.14% [95% confidence interval, 0.84–1.43%]); gastric bypass had higher rates of myocardial infarction and pulmonary embolism than adjustable gastric banding or sleeve gastrectomy. During the review, we found that the quality of complication reporting is lower than the reporting of other outcomes. In summary, <30‐d rates of the three major complications after either one of the procedures range from 0% to 1.55%. Mortality following these complications ranges from 0% to 0.64%. Future studies reporting complications after bariatric surgery should improve their reporting quality.
Antioxidant supplementation, effect on post‐thaw spermatozoan function in three sturgeon species
Authors: Li P , Xi MD , Du H , Qiao XM , Liu ZG , Wei QW 
Published: December 2017

ContentsHigh levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which may be associated with reduced sperm quality, can be detected during cryopreservation of sperm of some species. Our objective was to investigate whether the addition of antioxidants to cryopreservation extenders influenced post‐thaw sperm characteristics and fertility in Acipenser dabryanus, Acipenser sinensis and Acipenser baerii. Prior to freezing, sperm samples were diluted with a base extender as control or in extender supplemented with catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), cysteine (NAC), ascorbic acid (VC) or their paired combinations. Protective concentrations of CAT, GSH and VC in the three species were 25 U/ml, 0.25‐0.5 mg/ml and 0.5 mg/ml, respectively. Cysteine showed no protective effect against ROS. The addition of CAT, GSH and VC positively affected either acrosome or membrane integrity of post‐thawed sperm in the three species, as well as spermatozoan motility in A. sinensis. The combination of antioxidants did not show a positive synergistic effect. This study suggested that the use of antioxidants in the cryopreservation of sturgeon sperm has potential to decrease intracellular ROS, and consequently preserve acrosome and membrane integrity, as well as spermatozoan motility.
Parasite-Mediated Degradation of Synthetic Ozonide Antimalarials Impacts
In Vitro
Antimalarial Activity
Authors: Giannangelo Carlo , Stingelin Lukas , Yang Tuo , Tilley Leann , Charman Susan A. , Creek Darren J. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT

The peroxide bond of the artemisinins inspired the development of a class of fully synthetic 1,2,4-trioxolane-based antimalarials, collectively known as the ozonides. Similar to the artemisinins, heme-mediated degradation of the ozonides generates highly reactive radical species that are thought to mediate parasite killing by damaging critical parasite biomolecules. We examined the relationship between parasite dependent degradation and antimalarial activity for two ozonides, OZ277 (arterolane) and OZ439 (artefenomel), using a combination of
in vitro
drug stability and pulsed-exposure activity assays. Our results showed that drug degradation is parasite stage dependent and positively correlates with parasite load. Increasing trophozoite-stage parasitemia leads to substantially higher rates of degradation for both OZ277 and OZ439, and this is associated with a reduction in
in vitro
antimalarial activity. Under conditions of very high parasitemia (∼90%), OZ277 and OZ439 were rapidly degraded and completely devoid of activity in trophozoite-stage parasite cultures exposed to a 3-h drug pulse. This study highlights the impact of increasing parasite load on ozonide stability and
in vitro
antimalarial activity and should be considered when investigating the antimalarial mode of action of the ozonide antimalarials under conditions of high parasitemia.
Comprehensive, integrated approaches to suicide prevention: practical guidance
Authors: Caine Eric D , Reed Jerry , Hindman Jarrod , Quinlan Kristen 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundEfforts in the USA during the 21st century to stem the ever-rising tide of suicide and risk-related premature deaths, such as those caused by drug intoxications, have failed. Based primarily on identifying individuals with heightened risk nearing the precipice of death, these initiatives face fundamental obstacles that cannot be overcome readily.ObjectiveThis paper describes the step-by-step development of a comprehensive public health approach that seeks to integrate at the community level an array of programmatic efforts, which address upstream (distal) risk factors to alter life trajectories while also involving health systems and clinical providers who care for vulnerable, distressed individuals, many of whom have attempted suicide.ConclusionPreventing suicide and related self-injury morbidity and mortality, and their antecedents, will require a systemic approach that builds on a societal commitment to save lives and collective actions that bring together diverse communities, service organisations, healthcare providers and governmental agencies and political leaders. This will require frank, data-based appraisals of burden that drive planning, programme development and implementation, rigorous evaluation and a willingness to try-fail-and-try-again until the tide has been turned.
Two types of G proteins involved in regulation of phosphoinositide turnover in pulmonary endothelial cells
Authors: Tkachuk V. A. , Voyno-Yasenetskaya T. A. 
Published: December 2017

The involvement of G proteins in hormonal regulation of phospholipase C in bovine pulmonary arterial endothelial cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells has been investigated. Histamine and bradykinin stimulated phosphoinositol (PI) turnover in a dose-dependent manner, and phorbol-myristate-acetate inhibited hormone-dependent activation of PI turnover, indicating a feedback control of this process. Activation of PI turnover by histamine and bradykinin is guanine nucleotide-dependent. Stimulation of the endothelial cell G proteins by guanosine 5'-0-(3-thiotriphosphate) leads to the potentiation of hormone-induced activation of PI turnover, whereas guanosine 5'-0-(2-thiodiphosphate), which inactivates G proteins, blocks the hormone-dependent PI turnover. Pertussis toxin blocked the histamine-dependent stimulation but did not affect the bradykinin-dependent stimulation of phospholipase C. By contrast, botulinurn toxin (C2 + C3 components) blocked the bradykinin-dependent stimulation of phospholipase C but did not affect the histamine-dependent stimulation of this enzyme. These data suggest that at least two different G proteins are involved in hormone-dependent stimulation of phospholipase C in endothelial cells. bacterial toxins; hormone regulation; phospholipase C
Targeting of macromolecular carriers and liposomes by antibodies to myosin heavy chain
Authors: Klibanov Alexander L. , Khaw Ban An , Nossiff Naseem , O'Donnell Sean M. , Huang Leaf , Slinkin Mikhail A. , Torchilin Vladimir P. 
Published: December 2017

Macromolecular carriers and liposomes were covalently coupled to monoclonal antibodies against cardiac myosin heavy chain. Deferoxamine-modified polymers bound tightly with 67Ga and 68Ga radioisotopes. Ternary deferoxamine-polylysine antibody conjugates specifically targeted the radioisotopes to a myosin-coated microplate. Scatchard analysis revealed a high affinity of the conjugate for the target with a Kas of ≈108 M-1. Liposomes that contained immobilized antimyosin antibodies were targeted specifically to the myosin-coated plate. Additional coating of these liposomes with polyethylene glycol reduced specific binding to the target in vitro. However, because of the presence of polyethylene glycol on the surface of liposomes, these liposomes had a long half-life and slowly cleared from the bloodstream after intravenous injection. These immunoliposomes showed up to 16- to 18-fold specific localization to the necrotic areas of the myocardium in rabbits with experimental infarction. antimyosin; chelating polymer; liposome; monoclonal antibody; myocardial infarction; radioimmunoimaging
Hypoxia inhibits expression of eNOS via transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms
Authors: McQuillan Lynda P. , Leung Gordon K. , Marsden Philip A. , Kostyk Sandra K. , Kourembanas Stella 
Published: December 2017

Pages H1921–H1927M: Lynda P. McQuillan, Gordon K. Leung, Philip A. Marsden, Sandra K. Kostyk, and Stella Kourembanas. “Hypoxia inhibits expression of eNOS via transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms.” Part C of Fig. 1 was inadvertently masked during the printing process. The correct Fig. 1 is reproduced here. (See PDF)
Letters to the Editor
Authors: Kaley Akos Koller gabor 
Published: December 2017

The following is the abstract of the article discussed in the subsequent letter: McGahren, Eugene D., Kim A. Dora, David N. Damon, and Brian R. Duling. A test of the role of flow-dependent dilation in arteriolar responses to occlusion. Am. J. Physiol. 272 ( Heart Circ. Physiol. 41): H714–H721, 1997.—At an arteriolar bifurcation, occlusion of one of the branch arterioles has been reported to result in an increase in flow, shear stress, and vasodilation in the opposite unoccluded branch. This dilator response in the unoccluded branch, often referred to as the “parallel occlusion response,” has been cited as evidence that flow-dependent dilation is a primary regulator of arteriolar diameter in the microcirculation. It has not been previously noted that, during this maneuver, flow through the feed arteriole would be expected to decrease and logically should cause that vessel to constrict. We tested this prediction in vivo by measuring red blood cell (RBC) velocity and diameter changes in response to arteriolar occlusion in the microcirculatory beds of three preparations: the hamster cheek pouch, the hamster cremaster, and the rat cremaster. In all preparations, a vasodilation was observed in the feed arteriole, despite a decrease in both flow and calculated wall shear stress through this vessel. Unexpectedly, we found that dilation occurred in the unoccluded branch arterioles even in those cases in which RBC velocity and shear stress did not increase in the unoccluded branch arterioles. All values returned to the baseline level after the removal of occlusion. The magnitude of the dilation of the feed and branch arterioles varied between species and tissues, but feed and branch arterioles within a given preparation always responded in a similar way to each other. We conclude from our experiments that mechanisms other than flow-dependent dilation are involved in the vasodilation observed in the microcirculation during occlusion of an arteriolar branch.
BET Proteins as Targets for Anticancer Treatment
Authors: Stathis Anastasios , Bertoni Francesco 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) proteins are epigenetic readers that regulate gene expression and are involved in cancer pathogenesis. Over the last years, several BET inhibitors have been developed and clinically tested. Results from the first clinical trials show limited single-agent activity in a small subset of patients with hematologic malignancies and in NUT carcinoma. Adverse events have been observed and may limit treatment compliance. Here, we review the preclinical rationale for targeting BET proteins in cancer and the preliminary results from clinical trials, and outline future directions for the use of BET inhibitors as antitumor agents.Significance: BET inhibitors represent a new class of anticancer agents. Results from the first clinical trials confirm the antitumor potential of BET inhibitors, but their efficacy as single agents seems to be limited. Based on preclinical data, combination therapies with other anticancer agents and the development of a new generation of compounds may open new possibilities for targeting BET proteins as effective anticancer strategies. Cancer Discov; 8(1); 24–36. ©2017 AACR.
The OU-ISIR Gait Database comprising the Large Population Dataset with Age and performance evaluation of age estimation
Authors: Xu Chi , Makihara Yasushi , Ogi Gakuto , Li Xiang , Yagi Yasushi , Lu Jianfeng 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we describe the world’s largest gait database, the “OU-ISIR Gait Database, Large Population Dataset with Age (OULP-Age)” and its application to a statistically reliable performance evaluation of gait-based age estimation. Whereas existing gait databases include only 4016 subjects at most, we constructed an extremely large-scale gait database that includes 63,846 subjects (31,093 males and 32,753 females) with ages ranging from 2 to 90 years old. Benchmark algorithms of gait-based age estimation were then implemented to evaluate statistically significant performance differences. Additionally, the dependence of gait-based age estimation performance on gender and age group, in addition to the number of training subjects, was investigated to provide several insights for future research on the topic.
Moving forward with regulatory lookback
Authors: Coglianese Cary 
Published: December 2017

Contribuições para o avanço da regulação retrospectiva When he announced his administration’s regulatory “lookback” initiative in 2011, President Obama rightly called on government agencies to establish ongoing routines for reviewing existing regulations to determine if they need modification or repeal. In subsequent years, the Obama Administration’s Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (Oira) oversaw a major initiative that prompted dozens of federal agencies to review hundreds of regulations. The Obama Administration’s regulatory initiative represented a good first step toward increasing the retrospective review of regulation, but by itself it was able to do little to build a lasting culture of serious regulatory evaluation. After all, past administrations have made similar review efforts, but these ad hoc exercises also never took root. To get serious about institutionalizing the practice of retrospective review, the federal government will need to take further steps in the coming years. This essay offers three feasible actions — guidelines, plans, and prompts — that an Oira Administrator should take to move forward with regulatory lookback and improve both the regularity and rigor of regulatory evaluation. Quando anunciou sua iniciativa de regulação retrospectiva da administração, em 2011, o presidente Obama pediu justamente às agências governamentais que estabelecessem rotinas em andamento para revisar os regulamentos existentes e determinar se eles precisavam de modificação ou revogação. Nos anos subsequentes, o Escritório de Informação e Assuntos Regulatórios da Administração Obama (Oira) supervisionou uma grande iniciativa que levou dezenas de agências federais a revisar centenas de regulamentos. A iniciativa regulatória da administração de Obama representou um bom primeiro passo para aumentar a revisão retrospectiva da regulamentação, mas, por si só, fez pouco para construir uma cultura duradoura de avaliação regulamentar séria. Afinal, as administrações anteriores fizeram esforços de revisão semelhantes, mas esses exercícios ad hoc também nunca criaram raízes. Para levar a sério a institucionalização da prática de revisão retrospectiva, o governo federal precisará dar mais passos nos próximos anos. Este artigo oferece três ações viáveis — diretrizes, planos e instruções — que um administrador da Oira deve tomar para avançar com a retrospectiva regulatória e melhorar a regularidade e o rigor da avaliação regulatória.
Autonomia da ação de responsabilidade de pessoas jurídicas no Brasil com fundamento na Lei nº 12.846/2013
Authors: De Oliveira Luciano Moreira 
Published: December 2017

Autonomy of the action of responsibility of legal entities in Brazil based on Law 12.846/2013 A efetiva aplicação do princípio republicano (art. 1º da Constituição), para além de impor aos gestores públicos a condução das atividades estatais em conformidade com os interesses coletivos, também implica a responsabilização de agentes públicos por condutas desviantes. Nessa linha, o contínuo aprimoramento do sistema normativo para prevenir e reprimir a corrupção é um dever que se extrai diretamente da norma constitucional, sobretudo no contexto de novas e modernas práticas ilícitas. Nesse contexto, a Lei nº 12.846/2013 tem um importante papel na medida em que prevê a responsabilidade objetiva, administrativa e civil, de pessoas jurídicas pela prática de atos contra a administração pública nacional ou estrangeira. O adequado manejo da ação de responsabilidade é o tema de que trata este artigo, que busca harmonizá-la com os demais instrumentos já previstos no ordenamento jurídico. The effective application of the republican principle (article 1º of the Brazilian Constitution), in addition to imposing on public managers the conduct of state activities in accordance with collective interests also entails the punishment of public agents for deviant conduct. So, the continuous improvement of the normative system to prevent and repress corruption is a duty that derives directly from the constitutional rule, especially in the context of new and modern illicit practices. In this context, Law nº 12.846/2013 plays an important role insofar as it provides for the objective liability, administrative and civil, of legal persons for the performance of acts against the national or foreign public administration. The proper handling of the liability action is the subject addressed in this paper, which intends to harmonize it with the other instruments already provided for in the legal system.