bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Childbirth Doula Training and the Experiences of Those Who Train as a Childbirth Doula
Authors: Jefford Elaine , Hinton Jordanna , Provost Steve , Marsden Julia , Ebert Lyn 
Published: September 2024

Objective:The objective of this article was to gain a deeper understanding and insight into the training and characteristics of childbirth doulas on the maternity care team. The aim was to integrate knowledge obtained from two studies: an integrative review (IR) of doula education programs globally (Study 1) and the qualitative experiences of those training to become a doula (Study 2).Methods:For the IR (Study 1), the modified Whittemore and Knafl (2005) framework and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines were used. Five electronic databases were searched (CINAHL, ProQuest Education Databases, ERIC, MEDLINE, and Scopus) usingdoulaandeducation/trainingas key terms. Nineteen papers were included in the review. For the qualitative study (Study 2), semi-structured interviews with 10 student doulas were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis.Results:The results highlighted ambiguity around the education (review) and scope of practice (qualitative) of a childbirth doula. The review showed a variety in duration, content, learning, certificate/accreditation, and educator qualifications in doula training programs, globally. The variety in student doulas’ understanding of their role in the maternity care context emerged from the key themes: (a) what influenced the decision to become a doula, (b) personal attributes perceived as essential to be a doula, and (c) what constitutes the role of a childbirth doula.Conclusions:This article highlights a variability in doula training legislation and accreditation, as well as program content and length. This variation may be reflected in student doulas’ understanding of their role in the maternity context. A better understanding of doula training and a defined scope of practice can fill the current gap in continuity of care and improve communication within the maternity care health team.
Kesesuaian Penerapan Prinsip Berjalan Kaki dan Bersepeda pada Kawasan TOD Istora Senayan Jakarta
Authors: Adzania Alya Nur , Soedwiwahjono Soedwiwahjono , Widodo Candraningratri Ekaputri 
Published: September 2024

<p><span lang="IN">Jakarta memiliki kegiatan mobilitas yang tinggi dan sebagai upaya dalam memenuhi kebutuhan mobilitas masyarakat, pemerintah mulai menerapkan konsep TOD dalam pembangunan kawasan perkotaan. Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) adalah sebuah konsep yang mengarahkan perpaduan antara pembangunan yang padat dan ramah pejalan kaki sebagai salah satu upaya untuk mewujudkan sistem transportasi yang berkelanjutan. PT. MRT Jakarta sebagai operator utama pengelola kawasan Transit-Oriented Development membangun Stasiun Istora Mandiri dan Stasiun Senayan dengan konsep TOD. Konsep TOD menekankan pada penggunaan moda transportasi umum yang berbasis berjalan kaki dan bersepeda dalam melakukan pergerakan pada kawasan. Kegiatan berjalan kaki dan bersepeda dapat menciptakan lingkungan hidup perkotaan yang lebih sehat dan menjadi hal yang penting untuk diperhatikan dalam menerapkan konsep TOD. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesesuaian penerapan prinsip TOD, yaitu berjalan kaki dan bersepeda di kawasan TOD Istora Senayan Jakarta. Jenis penelitian adalah kuantitatif yang menjabarkan variabel menjadi kriteria-kriteria terukur dengan menggunakan teknik analisis skoring dan deskriptif. Analisis skoring akan memberikan nilai 3 untuk kriteria yang sesuai, nilai 2 untuk kriteria yang kurang sesuai, dan nilai 1 untuk kriteria yang tidak sesuai. Variabel dalam penelitian meliputi jalur pedestrian, penyeberangan jalan, muka bangunan dan muka blok yang aktif, jalur sepeda, parkir sepeda, dan akses sepeda. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, didapatkan bahwa kawasan TOD Istora Senayan telah memiliki nilai kesesuaian sebesar 97% dari seluruh kriteria dalam prinsip berjalan kaki dan bersepeda. Nilai tersebut menunjukkan bahwa kawasan TOD Istora Senayan telah sesuai terhadap prinsip berjalan kaki dan bersepeda. Satu-satunya kriteria yang mendapatkan hasil hampir sesuai adalah mengenai ketersediaan fasilitas penunjang jalur pedestrian. Hal ini disebabkan karena belum seluruh jalur pedestrian yang ada di Kawasan TOD Istora Senayan dilengkapi dengan bangku dan tempat sampah sebagai fasilitas penunjang jalur pedestrian.</span></p>
WORK FROM HOME , WORK FROM OFFICE, DAN KESEIMBANGAN KERJA-KELUARGA
Authors: Handayani Arri , Maulia Desi , Dhyah Yulianti Padmi , Ancella Primaningrum Maria 
Published: September 2024

Working from home policy in Covid 19 pandemic era has brought its own challenges particularly in the management of time and energy which then affects work and family balance. This study aims to analyze the differences between the effect of work from home/WFH and work from office/WFO on work-family balance. This study was conducted using cross-sectional study research design. Work-family balance was measured using work-family balance scale. Meanwhile, work place (either work from home/WFH) or work from office/WFO) was identified from respondents’ identity. The sampling technique applied in this study was purposive random sampling. The characteristics of the research subject were married with children and worked in an office either work from home or work from office setting. Data were collected online through Google form from 19th May to 31st May 2020. The data then analyzed using t-test. There were 189 respondents from 13 Provinces from all over Indonesia. The result of the research shows that both work from home and work from office have given no different effect on work-family balance
EVALUACIÓN DE RENDIMIENTO ESTACIONAL DE BOMBAS DE CALOR SALMUERA – AGUA DE REFRIGERANTES CON BAJO GWP COMO ALTERNATIVA DE R410A
Authors: SANTOS NAVARRO JOSÉ MANUEL , Sieres Atienza Jaime , Ortega Ignacio , Cerdeira Pérez Fernando 
Published: September 2024

Actualmente, el uso de energías renovables se considera primordial para disminuir la contaminación ambiental y reducir el calentamiento global, y centrado en la reducción progresiva de sustancias que lo provocan. En concreto, en bombas de calor y equipos de aire acondicionado pequeños, con potencias inferiores a 12 kW, en la prohibición del uso de gases fluorados cuyo potencial de calentamiento atmosférico (GWP) no sea de al menos 150 a partir de 2027.El empleo de refrigerantes alternativos con valores inferiores de GWP se ha convertido en tema de interés generalizado de investigación para el desarrollo continuo de bombas de calor de compresión de vapor, utilizadas cada vez más ampliamente como opción prometedora para reemplazar el equipo basado en combustibles fósiles utilizados para aplicaciones de calefacción, y clave para reemplazar el uso extenso de refrigerantes con valores de GWP altos que se encuentran actualmente en el mercado, como el R410A. En este trabajo, se analiza el comportamiento de algunos de estos refrigerantes alternativos con un menor GWP que el R410A a sustituir en una bomba de calor salmuera-agua. Sus rendimientos relativos en términos de coeficiente estacional de rendimiento (SCOP), capacidad de calefacción y otras son similares, caso del R454B y R452B. Minusvalorando aquéllos determinados en caso de R454C.
SFA-UNet: More Attention to Multi-Scale Contrast and Contextual Information in Infrared Small Object Segmentation
Authors: Shah Imad Ali , Malik Fahad Mumtaz , Ashraf Muhammad Waqas 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Computer vision researchers have extensively worked on fundamental infrared visual recognition for the past few decades. Among various approaches, deep learning has emerged as the most promising candidate. However, Infrared Small Object Segmentation (ISOS) remains a major focus due to several challenges including: 1) the lack of effective utilization of local contrast and global contextual information; 2) the potential loss of small objects in deep models; and 3) the struggling to capture fine-grained details and ignore noise. To address these challenges, we propose a modified U-Net architecture, named SFA-UNet, by combining Scharr Convolution (SC) and Fast Fourier Convolution (FFC) in addition to vertical and horizontal Attention gates (AG) into UNet. SFA-UNet utilizes double convolution layers with the addition of SC and FFC in its encoder and decoder layers. SC helps to learn the foreground-to-background contrast information whereas FFC provide multi-scale contextual information while mitigating the small objects vanishing problem. Additionally, the introduction of vertical AGs in encoder layers enhances the model's focus on the targeted object by ignoring irrelevant regions. We evaluated the proposed approach on publicly available, SIRST and IRSTD datasets, and achieved superior performance by an average 0.75±0.25% of all combined metrics in multiple runs as compared to the existing state-of-the-art methods. The code can be accessed at https://github.com/imadalishah/SFA_UNet
Comparison of trainee versus consultant outcomes in immediate sequential bilateral cataract surgery in the UK: A two-armed cohort study.
Authors: Deshmukh Rajesh , Myers Sam , Kanda Mumta , Malik Mohsan , Warwick Alasdair , Ionides Alexander 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
To compare the outcomes of Immediate Sequential Bilateral Cataract Surgeries (ISBCS) performed by trainees versus consultant ophthalmologists at Moorfields Eye Hospital and its satellite centres.
Methods:
Reviewed ISBCS surgeries by phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implant performed by trainee ophthalmologists (Gr1) and consultant ophthalmologists (Gr2). Studied complications, refraction outcome (spherical equivalent SE > 0.5D and > 1.0D), and uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA logMAR) at 3 months post-ISBCS.
Results
553 eyes in Gr1 and 687 in Gr2. Intra and postoperative complications were similar between trainees and consultants [RR = 1.88 (95% CI 0.8; 4.2) P = 0.13]. Median SE in Gr1 [-0.12 D (IQR − 0.5; -0.25)] and Gr2 [-0.25D (IQR − 0.63; -0.13)] showed no significant difference (MW P = 0.08). Predicted median PCR risk was higher in Gr1 [1.54 (IQR 1.04; 2.16)] than in Gr2 [1.16 (IQR − 0.84; 1.7)] (MW P < 0.001). Postoperative SE > 0.5D occurred in 19.2% of Gr1 and 15.7% of Gr2 (P = 0.123). Postoperative SE > 1.0D occurred in 6% of Gr1 and 3.9% of Gr2 (P = 0.142). UDVA post-surgery was similar in both groups (MW P = 0.26). Surgeon type, PCR risk, and predicted refraction were not significant predictors of postoperative SE > 0.5D.
Conclusions
ISBCS outcomes by trainee ophthalmologists were similar to those by consultants. Higher PCR risk in eyes operated by trainees suggests the need for more supervised training.
Assessment and Evaluation of Clinicians’ Perception on the Usage of SGLT-2 Inhibitors as Guideline Directed Medical Therapy For Heart Failure. A Study on the Reach of Evidence-Based Medicine in the Indian Clinical Scenario
Authors: Trivedi Nritya , Sharma Bhavya , Karatela Shifa , Patel Apurva , Sharma Mrigya M , Rajani Aayushi J , Sharma Mridul , Jivani Krish 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Cardiovascular disease, including heart failure, remains a leading cause of mortality globally and in India. Despite advancements in therapy, challenges persist in adopting evidence-based medicine (EBM) practices, including the incorporation of novel treatments like Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2 inhibitors). This study examines Indian clinicians' perceptions of SGLT2 inhibitors' usage as guideline-directed therapy for heart failure, reflecting EBM's reach in India.
Aims and Objectives:
Evaluate the integration of SGLT2 inhibitors into clinical practice for heart failure management in India.
Investigate Indian clinicians' perceptions of EBM and its routine adoption in making point-of-care decisions.
Assess awareness and utilization of SGLT2 inhibitors among clinicians practicing in various settings.
Explore the correlation between proactive EBM adoption and the incorporation of new guidelines into clinical practice.
Materials and Methods:
A questionnaire-based study was conducted among 129 Indian physicians experienced in heart failure management. Data on EBM knowledge, attitudes, SGLT2 inhibitor utilization, and demographic details were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests.
Results:
Physicians demonstrated high EBM awareness, but its routine adoption varied. SGLT2 inhibitor usage correlated significantly with positive EBM attitudes. Cardiologists prescribed SGLT2 inhibitors more frequently. Reasons for non-prescription included financial constraints and concerns over side effects.
Discussion:
Challenges in EBM adoption in India include physician inertia and patient factors. Despite high SGLT2 inhibitor awareness, utilization remains suboptimal due to various barriers. Enhancing research literacy and addressing system-level issues are vital to bridge this gap.
Conclusion:
This study underscores the importance of understanding clinicians' perceptions and practices regarding EBM and SGLT2 inhibitor utilization in heart failure management in India. Addressing barriers and fostering a change-oriented attitude among clinicians are essential steps toward improving guideline implementation and patient care.
Novel Machine Learning of DNA Methylation Patterns to Diagnose Complex Disease: Identification of Cerebral Palsy with Concurrent Epilepsy
Authors: Hicks Jonathan , Robinson Karyn , Lee Stephanie , Marsh Adam , Akins Robert 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Spastic cerebral palsy (CP) is a common pediatric-onset disability with an estimated prevalence of 0.2%. It is a complex condition characterized by muscle stiffness, contractures, and abnormal movement. Spastic CP is difficult to diagnose. Although nearly all affected children are born with it or acquire it immediately after birth, many are not identified until after 19 months of age with the diagnosis often not confirmed until 5 years of age. In addition, CP frequently co-occurs with other complex conditions that can complicate diagnosis and treatment. For example, an estimated 42% of spastic CP cases have co-occurring epilepsy. Recent studies indicate that altered DNA methylation patterns in peripheral blood cells are associated with CP and may have diagnostic value. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to assess the diagnostic value of methylation in CP with more complex disease states. We evaluated machine learning classification for detecting CP based on DNA methylation pattern analysis in the context of co-occurrent epilepsy. Blood samples from 30 study participants diagnosed with epilepsy (n=4), spastic CP (n=10), both (n=8), or neither (n=8) were analyzed by Illumina MethylationEpic arrays. A novel machine learning algorithm using a Support Vector Machine (SVM) or Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) was developed to identify methylation loci that classified CP from controls and to measure the classification ability of identified methylation loci. The isolation of informative methylation loci was performed in a binary comparison between CP and controls, as well as in a 4-way comparison that included epilepsy. Median F1 scores for SVM-based analysis were 0.67 in 4- class comparison, and 1.0 in the binary classification. SVM outperformed LDA (median F1 0.57 and 0.86, respectively). Overall, the novel machine learning based algorithm was able to classify study participants with spastic CP and/or epilepsy from controls with significant performance.
Emotional Impact on Investment and Insurance Preferences in Unit-Linked Insurance Plans
Authors: Zeng Peng-Yu , Liu Hsuan-Yu , Chen Li-Yu , Yeh Su-Ling 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

A Unit-Link Insurance Plan (ULIP) is an emerging financial product that combines elements of both insurance and investment. Previous studies have found that positive and negative emotions predict investment and insurance products in opposite ways. This study aims to explore whether the influence of emotions on the willingness to purchase ULIPs is consistent with insurance products or aligns with investment products. This study invited policyholders to complete online questionnaires, using positive and negative emotional pictures and scenarios to manipulate emotions and observe their effects on the investment process of a ULIP product. The results revealed that both positive and negative emotions can impact the purchasing decisions of ULIP through distinct pathways. Positive and negative emotions directly contribute to increased cognitive assessment and purchasing intentions, with positive emotions demonstrating a stronger influence. Moreover, positive emotions indirectly enhance cognitive assessment and investment intentions by mediating an increase in the perceived performance and dividends. Our results support the affect infusion model and framing effect, suggesting that positive and negative emotions may lead participants to pay more attention to investment-oriented aspects and insurance-oriented aspects, respectively. These findings have implications for marketing strategies, product design, customer education, industry practices, and regulatory frameworks related to ULIPs.
The role of exogenous melatonin in modulating root morphology and physiological response to drought in soybean seedlings
Authors: xijun jin , Zhu Jiayu , Wu Tianyi , Shang Xiaohan , Jia Hongchang , Han Dezhi , Zhang Yuxian , Jin Xijun 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

This study investigated how melatonin helps soybean seedlings grow in drought conditions by studying root morphology and physiological characteristics in the 'Suinong 26' variety. The experiment started at the V2 stage with water control and melatonin spraying. Three treatments were established: drought stress (D), drought stress with melatonin spraying (D + M), and normal water supply as control. The study compared the effects of melatonin spraying on the growth of soybean seedling roots and shoots. Compared to control, D treatment inhibited soybean seedling growth significantly. D + M treatment increased root length, volume, and dry weight on days 10 and 20. Root activity and antioxidant enzyme activities, as well as sugar and protein contents, also increased on days 3, 6, and 9. Root morphological and physiological indicators were significantly improved, correlating positively with shoot photosynthesis and dry matter accumulation. Melatonin spraying enhances soybean seedling growth under drought stress by regulating root characteristics and key physiological factors, leading to improved photosynthesis, shoot development, and dry matter accumulation.
Classification of Alzheimer's disease using advanced deep learning and ensemble techniques
Authors: Desai Viraj Chetan , Shetty Sucharitha , T Sujithra , T Manoj 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD), a principal contributor to dementia, poses a critical challenge within the domain of neurology, particularly in achieving precise diagnoses and prognoses. Traditional techniques, including basic deep learning and machine learning methods, often fall short in terms of classification accuracy and robustness. This study capitalizes on the capabilities of advanced deep learning via the application of ensemble methodology to refine the accuracy of image-based AD classification. Focusing on Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNNs) with the help of the Mish and ReLU activation functions, this research explores the implementation of models from the Visual Geometry Group (VGG) and experiments with sophisticated architectures such as ResNet 50V2 and ResNet 101V2 along with additional convolutional layers. The introduced ensemble model, which employs ResNet101V2, VGG19, and a customized CNN, uses soft voting with judiciously assigned weights to maximize classification efficacy and achieves an accuracy of 95.125%. The validation of our findings across various metrics, including precision, recall, and AUC, illustrates the significant impact of state-of-the-art deep learning architectures and ensemble methods in the accurate classification of AD stages. The implications of this research contribute markedly to the advancement of AD diagnostic and prognostic practices, signifying a considerable progression in the realms of medical imaging and neurology.
Oral Injuries Following Cerebellopontine Angle Surgery with or without Motor Evoked Potential Monitoring: three Case Reports and Literature Review
Authors: Pi Yuanli , Luo Linlin , Li Yu , Luo Limei , Xie Mingxiang , Luo Tianyuan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background Oral injuries are occasional yet notable complications in neurosurgical procedures and are often associated with motor-evoked potential (MEP) monitoring; however, they are also influenced by factors such as prolonged neck flexion and inadequate oral protection.
Case presentation This paper discusses three cases of oral injuries following pontocerebellar lesion resection surgeries, illustrating varying outcomes with different monitoring and intubation techniques. In one patient, orotracheal intubation with unilateral MEP monitoring led to fractured alveolar bones and dislodged teeth. Another patient, who was intubated nasally with bilateral MEP monitoring, experienced severe tongue biting, facial swelling, and subsequent airway obstruction requiring tracheotomy. A third patient, also nasally intubated but without MEP monitoring, developed a swollen and bleeding tongue postoperatively.
Conclusion MEP monitoring is not the sole cause of oral injuries in neurosurgical procedures. Key factors contributing to these injuries, aside from the nonspecific stimulation of MEP, include prolonged surgical positioning, inappropriate anesthesia strategies, and patient-specific factors. The medical team should understand the underlying mechanisms of these complications, master systematic preventive strategies, and engage in effective collaboration to more efficiently reduce the incidence of these complications.
Enhancing Neural Machine Translation for Low-Resource Languages through Innovative Techniques and Approaches
Authors: Yu Qing , Liu Zhaojie , Xu Zhenwei , Zhou Yaoyong , Silamu Wushouer 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Machine translation is a critical area in natural language processing, aiming to achieve automatic translation between different languages. Despite significant progress in multilingual translation tasks with neural machine translation models, many challenges remain in handling low-resource languages. These challenges mainly arise from the limited availability of parallel corpora for training and the differences in grammatical structures and expressions among languages. Based on this, this study proposes an iterative ensemble pruning data augmentation strategy, combined with a multimodal model that incorporates glyph and pinyin features. First, the iterative ensemble pruning method is used to enhance data quality and quantity. Second, a multimodal model utilizing glyph and pinyin features is constructed to achieve more accurate translation of low-resource languages. Finally, these two subtasks are collaboratively optimized to improve model performance. Experimental validation on the Uighur-Chinese medical bilingual dataset provided by Xinjiang University and the CCEval multilingual machine translation evaluation set demonstrates that the proposed method outperforms existing baseline models in terms of translation accuracy and robustness. The experimental results indicate that the iterative ensemble pruning strategy effectively improves data quality, and the multimodal model significantly enhances the translation performance of low-resource languages. In summary, the proposed method not only performs excellently in low-resource language machine translation but also provides new ideas and methods for data augmentation and multimodal modeling in other natural language processing tasks, having significant research significance and application value.