bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential effects of graduating during a recession across gender and race
Authors: Kondo Ayako 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
This study examines the differential effects of the unemployment rate at labor market entry, defined as the time of leaving school, on subsequent wages across gender and race using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 79. Results suggest that the negative effect of a recession at entry on wages is weaker for women. The differences between blacks and whites are not statistically significant for both genders. These results are robust to controlling for the endogenous timing and location of entry, using an instrumental variable based on the predicted year of graduation and the state of residence at age 14.

JEL codes: J01, J14, J16.
Immigrants and gender roles: assimilation vs. culture
Authors: Blau Francine D. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
This paper examines evidence on the role of assimilation versus source country culture in influencing immigrant women’s behavior in the United States—looking both over time with immigrants’ residence in the United States and across immigrant generations. It focuses particularly on labor supply but, for the second generation, also examines fertility and education. We find considerable evidence that immigrant source country gender roles influence immigrant and second generation women’s behavior in the United States. This conclusion is robust to various efforts to rule out the effect of other unobservables and to distinguish the effect of culture from that of social capital. These results support a growing literature that suggests that culture matters for economic behavior. At the same time, the results suggest considerable evidence of assimilation of immigrants. Immigrant women narrow the labor supply gap with native-born women with time in the United States, and, while our results suggest an important role for intergenerational transmission, they also indicate considerable convergence of immigrants to native levels of schooling, fertility, and labor supply across generations.

JEL codes: J13, J16, J22, J24, J61
Molecular docking studies on InhA, MabA and PanK enzymes from Mycobacterium tuberculosis of ellagic acid derivatives from Ludwigia adscendens and Trewia nudiflora
Authors: Shilpi Jamil A. , Ali Mohammad Tuhin , Saha Sanjib , Hasan Shihab , Gray Alexander I. , Seidel Véronique 
Published: December 2015

AbstractPurposeThere is an urgent need to discover and develop new drugs to combatMycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB) in humans. In recent years, there has been a renewed interest in the discovery of new anti-TB agents from natural sources. In the present investigation, molecular docking studies were carried out on two ellagic acid derivatives, namely pteleoellagic acid (1) isolated fromLudwigia adscendens, and 3,3′-di-O-methyl ellagic acid 4-O-α-rhamnopyranoside (2) isolated fromTrewia nudiflora, to investigate their binding to two enzymes involved inM. tuberculosiscell wall biogenesis, namely 2-trans-enoyl-ACP reductase (InhA) and β-ketoacyl-ACP reductase (MabA), and to pantothenate kinase (PanK type I) involved in the biosynthesis of coenzyme A, essential for the growth ofM. tuberculosis.MethodsMolecular docking experiments were performed using AutoDock Vina.The crystal structures of InhA, MabA and PanK were retrieved from the RCSB Protein Data Bank (PDB). Isonicotinic-acyl-NADH for InhA and MabA, and triazole inhibitory compound for PanK, were used as references.ResultsPteleoellagic acid showed a high docking score, estimated binding free energy of −9.4 kcal/mol, for the MabA enzyme comparable to the reference compound isonicotinic-acyl-NADH.ConclusionsKnowledge on the molecular interactions of ellagic acid derivatives with essentialM. tuberculosistargets could prove a useful tool for the design and development of future anti-TB drugs.
Gendered role communication in marketing blue-collar occupational gear and clothing in the United States
Authors: Min Seoha 
Published: December 2015

AbstractConsidering the need for gender equity in the workforce, this research explores social construction of gender; how that construction relates to work; and, subsequently, how gender construction influences the design and marketing of work clothing and personal protective equipment (PPE) for women working in blue-collar occupations. To explore the phenomenon, a content analysis of products and advertising images in seven websites selling blue-collar work clothes and PPE was used. Collected data suggests work clothing and PPE designed for women is limited in terms of size, design, and number of products available. It was also found that there exists a cultural discomfort with portraying women as competent blue-collar professionals in the advertisement of work clothing. The research provides a discussion of guiding ideas for improvement in the design and marketing of products for women workers in blue-collar occupations. Findings suggest design and marketing images could be improved to better reflect and appeal to women purchasing and using these products.
Complete genome sequence of and proposal of Thermofilum uzonense sp. nov. a novel hyperthermophilic crenarchaeon and emended description of the genus Thermofilum
Authors: Toshchakov Stepan V. , Korzhenkov Aleksei A. , Samarov Nazar I. , Mazunin Ilia O. , Mozhey Oleg I. , Shmyr Ilya S. , Derbikova Ksenia S. , Taranov Evgeny A. , Dominova Irina N. , Bonch-Osmolovskaya Elizaveta A. , Patrushev Maxim V. , Podosokorskaya Olga A. , Kublanov Ilya V. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA strain of a hyperthermophilic filamentous archaeon was isolated from a sample of Kamchatka hot spring sediment. Isolate 1807-2 grew optimally at 85 °C, pH 6.0-6.5, the parameters being close to those at the sampling site. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis placed the novel isolate in the crenarchaeal genusThermofilum;Thermofilum pendenswas its closest valid relative (95.7 % of sequence identity). Strain 1807-2 grew organothrophically using polysaccharides (starch and glucomannan), yeast extract or peptone as substrates. The addition of other crenarchaea culture broth filtrates was obligatory required for growth and could not be replaced by the addition of these organisms’ cell wall fractions, as it was described forT. pendens. The genome of strain 1807-2 was sequenced using Illumina and PGM technologies. The average nucleotide identities between genome of strain 1807-2 andT. pendensstrain HRK 5Tand “T. adornatus” strain 1910b were 85 and 82 %, respectively. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny, ANI calculations and phenotypic differences we propose a novel speciesThermofilum uzonensewith the type strain 1807-2T(= DSM 28062T = JCM 19810T). Project information and genome sequence was deposited in Genbank under IDs PRJNA262459 and CP009961, respectively.
Genome sequence of Lysobacter dokdonensis DS-58T, a gliding bacterium isolated from soil in Dokdo, Korea
Authors: Kwak Min-Jung , Kwon Soon-Kyeong , Yoon Jung-Hoon , Kim Jihyun F. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractLysobacter dokdonensis DS-58, belonging to the family Xanthomonadaceae, was isolated from a soil sample in Dokdo, Korea in 2011. Strain DS-58 is the type strain of L. dokdonensis. In this study, we determined the genome sequence to describe the genomic features including annotation information and COG functional categorization. The draft genome sequence consists of 25 contigs totaling 3,274,406 bp (67.24 % G + C) and contains 3,155 protein coding genes, 2 copies of ribosomal RNA operons, and 48 transfer RNA genes. Among the protein coding genes, 75.91 % of the genes were annotated with a putative function and 87.39 % of the genes were assigned to the COG category. In the genome of L. dokdonensis, a large number of genes associated with protein degradation and antibiotic resistance were detected.
The application of seismic attribute analysis technique in coal field exploration
Authors: Jingbin Cui , Zhonghong Wan , Ping Chen , Quanhu Li , Chen Xu 
Published: December 2015

Seismic exploration technologies developed in coal mines and oil fields are basically the same but with certain differences. Safety is one of the key issues in coal mining in China due to unexpected fatal accidents of underground work. Most of these accidents were derived from a geologic anomaly, such as minor faults, subsidence columns, gobs (old coal mining areas), and caving zones (collapse areas), which are of fundamental importance to prevent mining losses from coal mining risk caused by flooding accidents, broken coal beds, added fissures, and accumulated gas. In addition, minor faults also have significant influences on tunnel design in mechanical mining. Above all, accurate identification of these factors is critical in coal mining. We have focused on a coal mine located in eastern China with a burial depth from 500 to 1000 m and a smaller area of less than [Formula: see text]. Using high-precision 3D seismic data and seismic attribute analysis techniques, such as variance, curvature, ant tracking, etc., satisfactory results have been achieved in identifying minor faults, subsidence columns, coal tunnels, and gobs. Verified with actual coal mining, up to 85% of the predicted minor faults with a fault throw within 2–3-m match actual minor faults, and the predicted subsidence columns, coal tunnel, and gob were in perfect agreement with the real-world situation.
Photoperiodic and Diurnal Regulation of WNT Signaling in the Arcuate Nucleus of the Female Djungarian Hamster, Phodopus sungorus
Authors: Boucsein Alisa , Benzler Jonas , Hempp Cindy , Stöhr Sigrid , Helfer Gisela , Tups Alexander 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The WNT pathway was shown to play an important role in the adult central nervous system. We previously identified the WNT pathway as a novel integration site of the adipokine leptin in mediating its neuroendocrine control of metabolism in obese mice. Here we investigated the implication of WNT signaling in seasonal body weight regulation exhibited by the Djungarian hamster (Phodopus sungorus), a seasonal mammal that exhibits profound annual changes in leptin sensitivity. We furthermore investigated whether crucial components of the WNT pathway are regulated in a diurnal manner. Gene expression of key components of the WNT pathway in the hypothalamus of hamsters acclimated to either long day (LD) or short day (SD) photoperiod was analyzed by in situ hybridization. We detected elevated expression of the genes WNT-4, Axin-2, Cyclin-D1, and SFRP-2, in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, a key energy balance integration site, during LD compared with SD as well as a diurnal regulation of Axin-2, Cyclin-D1, and DKK-3. Investigating the effect of photoperiod as well as leptin on the activation (phosphorylation) of the WNT coreceptor LRP-6-(Ser1490) by immunohistochemistry, we found elevated activity in the arcuate nucleus during LD relative to SD as well as after leptin treatment (2 mg/kg body weight). These findings indicate that differential WNT signaling may be associated with seasonal body weight regulation and is partially regulated in a diurnal manner in the adult brain. Furthermore, they suggest that this pathway plays a key role in the neuroendocrine regulation of body weight and integration of the leptin signal.
A survey of physiotherapists' attitudes toward older people in Trinidad and Tobago
Authors: Williams Sonja KP , Nunes Kira 
Published: December 2015

Background/Aims: This study determined the attitude of physiotherapists from Trinidad and Tobago toward older adults and explored the relationships between these attitudes and selected demographic variables. This has become necessary as traditional reverence and respect for older adults is being eroded, and professionals' attitudes are influenced by personal experiences and social biases. Methods: Forty physiotherapists were recruited and 30 (75%) participated. Data were collected using the Kogan's Attitudes to Older People Scale (KOPS) and a data collection sheet. KOPS scores were divided into categories to reflect a range of attitude intensities from strongly negative to strongly positive. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data using SPSS software. The relationship between attitude and type of practice was analysed, but that between attitude and age, gender and academic qualification was not analysed owing to small subgroup numbers. Results: All participating physiotherapists treated older patients and reported that this exposure influenced their interactions with older patients. The mean KOPS score was 163.03 ±18.26 (median 162), reflecting a weak positive attitude. There was no statistically significant difference between the mean KOPS scores of private and public practitioners (t(28)–1.51, p = 0.14), but private practitioners had a marginally higher mean score. Conclusions: Physiotherapists in Trinidad and Tobago showed a weak positive attitude to older adults.
End-tidal CO2 monitoring in the pre-hospital environment: more than just endotracheal tube placement confirmation
Authors: Sinclair Neil 
Published: December 2015

Ambulance clinicians can encounter critically ill and injured patients in many unpredictable and challenging environments. The delivery of care and optimising use of all available equipment is essential. Effective measurement and interpretation of end-tidal CO2 (ETCO2) monitoring in relation to a patient's clinical state may be one of the most valuable and potentially underused tools available to pre-hospital clinicians. This article will highlight the benefit of ETCO2 monitoring in the pre-hospital field beyond endotracheal tube placement confirmation. It will discuss the importance of ETCO2 and how it is used in other healthcare settings. An overview will also be given to the devices used and how they work. It will conclude that ETCO2 is a powerful tool which needs to be used, understood and embraced by pre-hospital clinicians.
Pre-hospital treatment of supraventricular tachycardia: a literature review
Authors: Sharp Alex 
Published: December 2015

Background: Tachycardia is a common finding within the unwell patient and can occur as a normal physiological response or as a result of an underlying arrhythmia. Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is a common cardiac arrhythmia which can be treated through a range of differing techniques. The aim of this review was to identify whether the current evidence base supports UK paramedic practice and whether the treatment provided could be enhanced. Methods: A literature review through the databases CINAHL, Pubmed and Medline was carried out, using a Boolean search strategy. Articles were included within the study if they discussed the management of SVT through the use of the Valsalva manoeuvre, carotid sinus massage or adenosine within the hospital or pre-hospital environment. Results: A total of 32 papers were identified for possible inclusion, with 18 papers being included. The Valsalva manoeuvre was shown to be the most effective vagal manoeuvre, with reversion rates of 21.4–27.7% within the pre-hospital environment. The use of adenosine was shown to be effective in reverting SVT, with most total reversion rates being 80.7–100%. The initial 6 mg dose was shown to have lower efficacy than the subsequent 12 mg doses. Correct paramedic identification rates of SVT were greater than 75%. Conclusions: The Valsalva manoeuvre has been shown to be effective and potentially more effective the quicker it is used following onset of the SVT. The safe use of adenosine by paramedics within the US and Australia support the introduction of adenosine into UK paramedic practice.
Concentrações de nitrato nas águas subterrâneas em áreas rurais do muni-cípio de São José do Rio Preto (SP)
Authors: De Moura Cinthia Cristine , Gastmans Didier , Kiang Chang Hung , Modesto Rosângela Pacini , Rodrigues Paulo Fernando , Ruby Elaine Cristina , Borges Andrey Vetorelli 
Published: December 2015

<h1>Inúmeros estudos, realizados em diversos países, relacionam as tipologias agrícolas com a contaminação por nitrato em águas subterrâneas. Em São Paulo, o monitoramento da qualidade das águas subterrâneas realizado pela Companhia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo (CETESB) indica aumento nas concentrações de nitrato no Sistema Aquífero Bauru (SAB), entretanto, em áreas rurais a extensão desse problema é desconhecida. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a extensão da contaminação por nitrato, a qualidade e o quimismo das águas do SAB na área rural de São José do Rio Preto (SP). Foram realizados o cadastramento de propriedades rurais, duas campanhas de amostragem de água subterrânea para análise química, tratamento estatístico dos dados e avaliação das possíveis relações entre as concentrações de nitrato observadas e os tipos de atividades desenvolvidas. Apenas duas amostras, nas duas campanhas, apresentaram concentrações de nitrato superiores ao limite de potabilidade estabelecido pela Portaria MS2914/2011. No entanto, várias amostras apresentaram indícios de contaminação, especialmente aquelas em que as concentrações de nitrato possuem correlação com as de cloreto, indicando comprometimento e alteração da composição das águas. Observou-se esses indícios em propriedades onde são desenvolvidas atividades pecuárias e agrícolas de maneira consorciada, e a fonte de contaminação está associada aos sistemas de saneamento <em>in situ</em>, além do acúmulo de dejetos animais. </h1>
Estimating Sourcing Premia Using Italian Regional Data
Authors: Gattai Valeria , Trovato Valentina 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
This paper explores the link between sourcing and performance for a representative sample of manufacturing firms located in Lombardy, which is the leading region of the Italian economy. The survey estimation methods that we applied to our original database reveal certain performance premia for firms that engage in foreign rather than domestic sourcing and in- rather than outsourcing. This result is robust to different specifications, samples, performance measures, and definitions of sourcing strategies.
Local contractivity of the process of a player rating variation in the Elo model with one adversary
Authors: Avdeev Vadim A. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWe study the process of variation of a player rating in an infinite series of games with the same adversary in the Elo rating model. This process is shown to have a stationary distribution, an upper estimate of the rate of convergence to which is established. In a previous paper by the author, the existence of a limit distribution was proved under more stringent assumptions on the parameters of a rating model.
On read-once transformations of random variables over finite fields
Authors: Yashunsky Aleksey D. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractTransformations of independent random variables over a finite field by read-once formulas are considered. Subsets of probability distributions that are preserved by read-once transformations are constructed. Also we construct a family of distributions that may be arbitrarily closely approximated by a read-once combination of independent identically distributed random variables, whose distributions have no zero components.
Existence of arbitrarily long square-free words with one possible mismatch
Authors: Kotlyarov Nikita V. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWe are concerned with problems of the existence of periodic structures in words from formal languages. We consider both squares (that is, fragments of the form xx, where x is an arbitrary word) and squares with one mismatch (that is, fragments of the form xy, where a word x differs from a word y by exactly one letter). Given natural numbers lThis research was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant no. 14-01-00598) and of the Branch of Mathematics of the Russian Academy of Sciences Program “Algebraic and combinatorial methods of mathematical cybernetics and new generation information systems” (the project “Problem of optimal synthesis of control systems”).
Waali plural formation: a preliminary study on variation in noun class realization
Authors: Brindle Jonathan Allen 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn this paper I propose a classification of Waali nouns from a variationist perspective. On the basis of a three-speaker dataset, a classification is deduced from the singular-plural forms that are found in all three idiolects. As a result, a noun class is defined as the clustering of the intersection of singular-plural pairs across speakers. The complement of the intersection corresponds to the inter-individual variation. It is defined as any differences between two individuals in the representation of at least one linguistic variable. Thus, the paper provides a perspective of describing stability and variability by both deriving a prototype based on the intersection of multi-speakers’ data, and acknowledging and accounting for inter-individual variations. The method is argued to be better suited for urban and
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Thermal Plasma Synthesis of Silicon
Authors: Li Yudong , Reddy Ramana 
Published: December 2015

AbstractExperimental and numerical investigations were carried out on synthesis of Si from SiO2 using thermal plasma reactor. Temperature profile and gas flow distribution in the thermal plasma reactor were developed by the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with ANSYS Fluent. The predicted temperatures are in good agreement with the experimentally measured temperatures in the reactor. Experiments were carried out at power 22.5 kw, SiO2 feed rate of 4 g/min, molar ratio of SiO2 to methane varied from 1 to 4:1. Samples from different sections of the reactor are collected and characterized using SEM and XRD. Effect of molar ratio of SiO2 to methane on the yield of Si showed that increase in molar ratio increased the Si yield. Based on the analysis of experimental and numerical results, a mechanism of thermal plasma synthesis of Si from SiO2 is proposed.