bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scanning Electron Microscope Evaluation of Smear Layer Removal at the Coronal, Middle, and Apical Third of Root Canals using Er,Cr:YSGG Laser: An in vitro Study
Authors: M Rajasekaran , Gopal Shankar Narayan , R Indra , S Ramachandran 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT
The aim of the study was to analyse the smear layer removal at the coronal,middle and apical third of the root canals by using Er, Cr; YSGG laser system equipped with conical tip of 300 μm. A total of 80 single rooted extracted human mandibular premolars were endodontically prepared with rotary instrumentation and irrigated with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite and were randomly divided in to four groups (20 tooth each). GROUP I: Served as control (non lased group), in which root canal were irrigated with 17% EDTA .GROUP II : 17% EDTA irrigant activated by laser with conical fibre tip at the coronal region .GROUP III: 17% EDTA irrigant activated by laser with conical fibre tip at the middle region.GROUP IV: 17% EDTA irrigant activated by laser with conical fibre tip at the apex region. The results showed complete smear layer removal at the coronal and middle region when compared to apical third of the root canal system.

How to cite this article
Murugesan S, Rajasekaran M, Baskaran VA, Gopal SN, Indra R, Ramachandran S. Scanning Electron Microscope Evaluation of Smear Layer Removal at the Coronal, Middle, and Apical Third of Root Canals using Er,Cr:YSGG Laser: An in vitro Study. J Oper Dent Endod 2017;2(1):11-14.
Veneer Crafting: The Smile Makeover
Authors: Madan Nidha , Pant Mridu , Somani Namita , Khurana Deeksha 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT
The appearance of dentition is of concern to a large number of people seeking dental treatment. The color of teeth is of particular cosmetic importance. There has been a recent increase in interest in the treatment of tooth staining and discoloration. Veneers are a conservative method for the treatment of esthetic and functional problems in the anterior region of the oral cavity. Since its introduction in 1938 by Charles Pincus, ceramic veneer restorations have proven to be durable and esthetic restorative procedures for treatment of teeth. Ceramic veneers are more conservative than crowns and maintain the biomechanics of an original tooth, with a success rate of approximately 93%. Due to that, the indications of this procedure expanded to a point where its use is now a common practice in dental clinics. This article highlights on veneer crafting and its approach toward smile makeover.

How to cite this article
Pant M, Raisingani D, Madan N, Khurana D, Srivastava H, Somani N. Veneer Crafting: The Smile Makeover. J Oper Dent Endod 2017;2(1):45-49.
Evaluation of Breast Masses by Sonomammography and X-ray Mammography in Correlation with Histopathological Findings
Authors: Chandak Namita , Dhande Rajasbala 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Introduction: Breast lumps are common presenting complaints in the female surgical outpatient department, which are due to varied breast pathologies. Breast infection most commonly affects women aged 18 to 50 years; in this age group, it can be divided into lactational and nonlactational infections. The process can affect the skin overlying the breast, where it can be a primary event, or it may be secondary to a lesion, such as sebaceous cyst or hidradenitis suppurativa.
Aim: The aim of this article was to find out sonographic features of benign and malignant masses and correlate X-ray mammography and sonographic findings with histopathology with classification of all breast lesions according to the breast imaging reporting and data system final assessment categories (BI-RADS) (mammography).
Materials and methods: This was a prospective diagnostic study conducted on 50 female patients from September 2015 to August 2016 in the Department of Radiodiagnosis in a tertiary care hospital.
Results: In benign lesion, 24 (48%) of the patients had fibroadenoma, 2% intraductal papilloma, and 1 (2%) each had galactocele and tubercular abscess; in malignant lesion, 23 (46%) had ductal malignancy.
Conclusion: The ultrasound features are helpful in differentiating benign from malignant masses. Classification of the lesions according to BI-RADS helps to improve the management of lesions.
Comparison of Apically Extruded Debris during Retreatment Procedure by Two Types of Endodontic Instruments
Authors: Vikram Mannu 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Introduction: During root canal treatment, canal debris is inadvertently extruded through the apex during shaping and cleaning. This happens not only during the routine endodontic cases, but also during the retreatment cases.
Objective: This study analyzed in vitro the amount of debris extruded through the foramen using two instrumentation techniques during endodontic retreatment.
Materials and methods: Sixty roots of mandibular first premolars were selected, instrumented with anatomical diameter up to size number 40 International Organization for Standardization (ISO) file, and then obturated with gutta-percha and zinc-oxide eugenol sealer by lateral condensation. They were then divided into two groups of 30 each. The first group was instrumented with ISO K-files for gutta-percha removal and the second group was instrumented with Protaper retreatment files and gutta-percha was removed. All teeth were irrigated with distilled water. The debris extruded through the foramen were collected and weighed by an analytical balance.
Results: Group II had the lowest average for material extrusion through the foramen followed by group I. When Tukey test for statistical analysis was applied, significant differences among groups were found (p = 0.02).
Conclusion: It can be concluded that Protaper retreatment files produce significantly less debris as compared with K-files.
Psychiatric Morbidity among Spouses of Men with Alcohol Dependence
Authors: Shah Vishal , Behere Prakash , Mishra K , Sharma Animesh , Kumar Kanika 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Objective: To assess the common mental disorders among spouses of men with alcohol dependence and to compare common mental disorders among spouses of alcoholics and nonalcoholics.
Study design: This was a cross-sectional controlled study. We evaluated 50 cases (including the indoor and outdoor patients) whose husbands were diagnosed as having alcohol dependence and 50 controls whose husbands had no alcohol dependence but some other illness, admitted to our rural medical college using the global mental health assessment tool-primary care (GMHAT-PC) version including the sociodemographic profile sheet and history of patient's illness.
Results: Anxiety (16%) and depression (36%) were higher in wives of alcohol-dependent men. Stress was higher (6%) in cases as compared with controls (4%). When comparing diagnosis and age-wise distribution, depression was higher in cases (28%) as compared with controls (14%) in age group of 31 to 40. There were 23 (46%) out of 50 spouses of men with alcohol dependence syndrome, whose diagnosis by GMHAT-PC came out as no mental illness; still they had some score in the anxiety rating, but this score was not enough for them to be diagnosed under anxiety disorder. Even in controls, anxiety score to a certain extent was present in 26% spouses. The GMHAT-PC self-harm scoring system was used to assess the risk of self-harm. It was found that three (6%) spouses had mild suicidal risk and one (2%) had severe suicidal risk, whereas in controls, it was absent.
Conclusion: Alcohol abuse is associated with an increased risk of committing criminal offences. An alcoholic can disrupt the routine family life. The women are primary caregivers in most of these cases. Therefore, understanding mental health status of spouses of alcoholics is of utmost importance. It can help in early detection of psychiatric morbidities and help in early intervention.
Dentofacial Characteristics among Monozygotic and Dizygotic Twin Pairs from a Unique Village of Twins in South India: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Jodalli Praveen , Panchmal Ganesh , Somaraj Vinej , Koya Shafees 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Aim: To assess the dentofacial characteristics of a mystery village of twins in South India.
Materials and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among of 22 twin pairs (10 monozygotic twins and 12 dizygotic twins). The evaluation was done in terms of height, weight, dentofacial profile, and occlusion status based on anthropometric, photographic, and dental cast analysis.
Results: Data obtained upon analysis of anthropometric measurements, photographic data, and dental cast evaluation revealed a set of characteristics peculiar to the twins of this unique village.
Conclusion: Twin studies are a fascinating method of research because of their ability to correctly isolate a characteristic and determine its impact, especially in terms of dentofacial characteristics.
Clinical significance: Twin research design involving the comparison of variables among monozygotic (identical) and dizygotic (fraternal) twins is a method by which researchers quantify and classify the contribution of genes and other extraneous factors influencing heredity on the dentofacial complex and dentition.
Parry–Romberg Syndrome: An Orthodontic Perspective
Authors: Arya Garima , Shrivastav Sunita , Sharma Krishna , Kamble Ranjit 
Published: May 2017

AbstractParry–Romberg syndrome is a rare disorder of unknown etiology, which causes asymmetry of the face. The syndrome presents with characteristic skeletal, dental, and soft tissue changes in the affected half of the face, with or without neurological signs and symptoms. The nature of the disease results in psychological disturbances and also dental anomalies. This article reports a case of a 23-year-old male who presented with classical features of the syndrome.
An Unusual Case of Chest Pain in a Young Adult
Authors: Hashmi Nabeel , Acharya Sourya , Lahoti Shashiraj , Alegaonkar Saish , Shukla Samarth 
Published: May 2017

AbstractEchinococcosis is an infection caused in humans by Echinococcus granulosus which produce cystic hydatid disease. It is prevalent in most areas with livestock is raised in association with dogs. Liver is the most common site of this infection. We are presenting a case of 19-year-old adult who had chronic cough and pleuritic pain due to hydatid cyst in left lung.
Focal Cortical Thickening along the Lateral Aspect of the Proximal Femoral Shaft: A Warning Radiographic Sign for Subsequent Complete Atypical Femoral Fracture in Patients on Bisphosphonates
Authors: Agrawal Sachin , Santosa Amelia 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAtypical femoral fracture is a known complication of patients receiving long-term bisphosphonates for osteoporosis. Recognizing early radiographic features is important to provide timely care and management before the development of a more debilitating complete fracture with its associated morbidity and mortality. We report a case of a 72-year-old lady on long-term treatment with alendronate, who presented initially with groin pain and subsequently with a femoral fracture, without any major trauma. The initial radiographic finding of focal thickening along the lateral cortex of the proximal femur was missed.
Blue Eye Sign of Ectopic Pregnancy on Transvaginal Sonography Elastography
Authors: Phatak Suresh , Patange Neeraj 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSonoelastography is a recent advance in the field of sonography, which has got large number of indications. It is principally used in breast, thyroid, liver, and prostate for diagnosis of malignancy. New indications are also tried in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. We are here reporting a case of ectopic pregnancy, where classical “blue eye sign” is seen on sonoelastography.
A Rare Case of Choriocarcinoma following a Normal Pregnancy and Delivery
Authors: Hariharan C , Jajoo Shubhada , Khemka Anuradha 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Introduction: Choriocarcinoma is one of the rarest entities encountered in routine obstetric practice. It is usually diagnosed when patient is symptomatic, presenting with either abnormal bleeding per vaginum or symptoms of distant metastases. The presentation of choriocarcinoma as secondary postpartum hemorrhage is a least common scenario. Choriocarcinoma is mostly seen following an abnormal pregnancy, either a partial or complete mole.
Case report: A 25-year-old para 3 live 3 patient presented with secondary postpartum hemorrhage on 4th week postpartum. She had two normal full-term vaginal deliveries that were uncomplicated with normal antenatal period. As she presented with secondary postpartum hemorrhage with the thought of retained products of conception, an emergency diagnostic dilatation and curettage was done. Histopathology was suggestive of gestational choriocarcinoma. Patient was given single regimen of methotrexate and subsequently decision of total abdominal hysterectomy was taken and patient was kept in close follow-up. Presently, beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is below 2 mIU/mL.
Conclusion: The concern is the time interval or delay between the onset of symptoms and diagnosis with subsequent treatment. Although there are a number of reasons of postpartum hemorrhage, simple curettage for histological study and titer serum beta-hCG may lead to early diagnosis and initiation of treatment. Obstetricians and pathologists should have increased awareness regarding the consequences of choriocarcinoma.
Informed Consent in Obstetrics and Gynecology: Indian Scenario
Authors: Bhute Anupama 
Published: May 2017

AbstractInformed consent is the process by which the treating health care provider discloses appropriate information to a competent patient so that the patient may make a voluntary choice to accept or refuse treatment. Or, in simple words, consent is agreement or permission to do or allow something. The element of consent is one of the critical issues in the area of medical treatment today. It is well known that the patient must give valid consent to medical treatment; and it is his or her prerogative to refuse treatment even if the said treatment will save their life. No doubt this raises many ethical debates and falls at the heart of medical law today. This study reviews the various provisions by the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists for consent in obstetrics and gynecology as well as the Indian legal provisions in consent.
Translation from Chinese of Poems 1–9 from 'Wandering Spirit and Metaphysical Thoughts' by Gao Xingjian
Authors: Lee Mabel , Xingjian Gao 
Published: May 2017

The 2000 Nobel Laureate for Literature, Gao Xingjian, suffered cardiac arrest while directing rehearsals for his mega-scale opera Snow in August that was due to premiere in late 2002 at the National Opera House, Taipei. He recovered, and the opera premiered as scheduled with the help of a co-director before he returned to Paris to direct the Comédie Français premiere of his Quatre quatuors pour un week-end. He underwent surgery in February and March of 2003, but was soon again back at work. The year 2003 had been designated “Gao Xingjian Year” by the City of Marseille, and he would direct his new play Le Quêteur de la Mort at Théâtre du Gymnase, and then his Snow in August at Opéra de Marseille. It was during rehearsals for the former that he collapsed again, and was hospitalized: the play was co-directed by Romain Bonnin, 23–26 September 2003. Large exhibitions of Gao’s artworks had been held earlier that year, but the performance of Snow in August was postponed. During his recuperation for most of 2004, he sometimes wrote poems, some of which he later polished or rewrote for his collection Wandering Spirit and Metaphysical Thoughts (2012).These translations from the Chinese into English of the first 9 poems in Wandering Spirit and Metaphysical Thoughts (2012) are by acclaimed translator Mabel Lee.
Flood risk reduction and flow buffering as ecosystem services – Part 2: Land use and rainfall intensity effects in Southeast Asia
Authors: van Noordwijk Meine , Tanika Lisa , Lusiana Betha 
Published: May 2017

Abstract. Watersheds buffer the temporal pattern of river flow relative to the temporal pattern of rainfall. This ecosystem service is inherent to geology and climate, but buffering also responds to human use and misuse of the landscape. Buffering can be part of management feedback loops if salient, credible and legitimate indicators are used. The flow persistence parameter Fp in a parsimonious recursive model of river flow (Part 1, van Noordwijk et al., 2017) couples the transmission of extreme rainfall events (1 − Fp), to the annual base-flow fraction of a watershed (Fp). Here we compare Fp estimates from four meso-scale watersheds in Indonesia (Cidanau, Way Besai and Bialo) and Thailand (Mae Chaem), with varying climate, geology and land cover history, at a decadal timescale. The likely response in each of these four to variation in rainfall properties (including the maximum hourly rainfall intensity) and land cover (comparing scenarios with either more or less forest and tree cover than the current situation) was explored through a basic daily water-balance model, GenRiver. This model was calibrated for each site on existing data, before being used for alternative land cover and rainfall parameter settings. In both data and model runs, the wet-season (3-monthly) Fp values were consistently lower than dry-season values for all four sites. Across the four catchments Fp values decreased with increasing annual rainfall, but specific aspects of watersheds, such as the riparian swamp (peat soils) in Cidanau reduced effects of land use change in the upper watershed. Increasing the mean rainfall intensity (at constant monthly totals for rainfall) around the values considered typical for each landscape was predicted to cause a decrease in Fp values by between 0.047 (Bialo) and 0.261 (Mae Chaem). Sensitivity of Fp to changes in land use change plus changes in rainfall intensity depends on other characteristics of the watersheds, and generalisations made on the basis of one or two case studies may not hold, even within the same climatic zone. A wet-season Fp value above 0.7 was achievable in forest–agroforestry mosaic case studies. Inter-annual variability in Fp is large relative to effects of land cover change. Multiple (5–10) years of paired-plot data would generally be needed to reject no-change null hypotheses on the effects of land use change (degradation and restoration). Fp trends over time serve as a holistic scale-dependent performance indicator of degrading/recovering watershed health and can be tested for acceptability and acceptance in a wider social-ecological context.
Veiksniai, darantys įtaką kultūrinio agrarinio kraštovaizdžio pokyčiams Lietuvoje
Authors: Aleknavičius Pranas 
Published: May 2017

Straipsnyje apibūdinti kaimiškojo agrarinio kraštovaizdžio elementai, išnagrinėtos jų pokyčius lemiančios priežastys. Pagrindinės priežastys – valstybės vykdyti esminiai žemės ūkio naudmenų pagerinimo darbai, valstybės skatinama žemės naudotojų veikla ir demografiniai procesai. Didžiausi pokyčiai formuojant stabilius agrarinio kraštovaizdžio elementus vyko 1960– 1990 m. Mažiau stabilių kraštovaizdžio elementų – žemės naudmenų plotų kaita vyksta nuolat, per 1946–2016 m. žemės ūkio naudmenų plotas Lietuvoje sumažėjo 19,8 %, miškų plotas padidėjo 82,8 %. Formuojant kultūrinį kaimiškąjį kraštovaizdį svarbią reikšmę turi teritorijų planavimo dokumentai. Vadovaujantis šių dokumentų sprendiniais, nustatomi žemės naudojimo apribojimai bei sąlygos tam tikrai kraštovaizdį keičiančiai veiklai. Straipsnyje pateikiami pasiūlymai, kad planuojant agrarines teritorijas turėtų būti panaudojami Žemės įstatyme numatyti kaimo plėtros žemėtvarkos projektai. Projektuose būtų kompleksiškai sprendžiamos priemonės, pagerinančios techninę infrastruktūrą, dirbamos žemės laukų ir miško sklypų formavimą, apleistų ir dirvonuojančių žemės plotų tolesnį panaudojimą, taip pat priemonės, padidinančios ekologinę įvairovę. Šių projektų panaudojimas kraštovaizdžio tvarkymui reguliuoti užtikrintų racionalų žemės naudojimą ir leistų išvengti vertingų kraštovaizdžio elementų nykimo.
Studentų požiūris į studijas VU meteorologijos ir hidrologijos bakalauro studijų programoje (2014–2016 m. tyrimas)
Authors: Valiuškevičius Gintaras 
Published: May 2017

Studentų požiūris į savo pasirinktą studijų programą – svarbus rodiklis, lemiantis studijų rezultatus, leidžiantis parinkti tinkamiausią studijų organizavimo metodiką ir programos struktūrą. Siekiant išsiaiškinti VU meteorologijos ir hidrologijos bakalauro studijų programos studentų nuomonę apie studijas, 2014–2016 m. buvo organizuota anoniminė 1 ir 4 kurso studentų apklausa. Apklausos rezultatų apibendrinimas rodo, kad daugeliu klausimų šios studijų programos studentų nuomonė panaši į daugumos Lietuvos aukštųjų mokyklų bakalaurantų požiūrį, išryškėjusį visoje šalyje vykdytų apklausų metu. Iš atsakymų į anketos klausimus galima spręsti, kad studijuojantieji meteorologiją ir hidrologiją labiausiai tikisi gauti daugiau profesinių žinių. Duomenys rodo, kad 1 kurso studentai pozityviau nusiteikę pasirinktos studijų programos atžvilgiu nei 4 kurso studentai.
Identification of demographic factors and health problems that affect the acceptance of disease and health behaviors of patients with osteoarthritis
Authors: Sierakowska Matylda , Wysocka-Skurska Izabela , Kułak Wojciech 
Published: May 2017

Introduction
Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common causes of musculoskeletal system’s ailments. In the prevention of the disease and in its comprehensive treatment, proper health-related behavior becomes an extremely important factor for maintaining an optimal health condition. The aim of the study is to assess the relationship between the reported pain and the disability level, and the health-related behaviors undertaken by OA patients as well as their acceptance of the disease.

Materials/Methods
The study group consisted of 198 patients with diagnosed OA, according to ACR criteria (1988). The method used in the study employed a Pain VAS (0-10), Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ DI 0-3), Acceptance of Illness Scale (AIS 8-40) and Health and Behavior Inventory (IZZ 24-120).

Results
The average age among respondents with OA has been 59.16 years of age (±15.87), duration of disease 5.5 years (±4.32). Pain experienced both during movement (rs = 0.319, p < 0.001) and at rest (rs = 0.382, p < 0.001) correlated positively with physical disability (HAQ DI). Studies indicated a positive linear correlation between the age and physical disability (rs = 0.200, p = 0.005). Acceptance of the disease (AIS) depends mostly on age (rs = − 0.325, p < 0.001), on pain in motion (rp = − 0.209, p < 0.001) and at rest (rp = − 0.218, p < 0.001) and on the disability levels (rp = − 0.353, p < 0.001). Analysis of the health-related behaviors (IZZ) indicates that the average severity of declared behavior is statistically significant with physical disability (HAQ DI) (p = 0.029).

Conclusions
The acceptance of illness is significantly reduced with age and progressive levels of disability as well as with the severity of pain. The progressive levels of disability and the younger age of the respondents motivate them to engage in health beneficial behavior.
Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of the HMG‐CoA Reductase Inhibitor Rosuvastatin and Natural Styryl Lactone Cryptomoscatone E1
Authors: Ramesh Perla , Anjibabu Ramisetti , Reddy Yarram Narasimha , Yedukondalu Maddipatla , Reddy Thatikonda Narendar , Kummari Bhaskar , Raju Atla , Srinivasu Navuluri 
Published: May 2017

AbstractRacemic syn‐ethyl (E)‐2‐(2,2‐dimethyl‐6‐styryl‐1,3‐dioxan‐4‐yl)acetate is hydrolyzed with high enantioselectivity by Novozyme‐435 in 0.05 m sodium phosphate buffer at room temperature. The optically pure unreacted ethyl 2‐((4R,6S)‐2,2‐dimethyl‐6‐((E)‐styryl)‐1,3‐dioxan‐4‐yl)acetate and hydrolyzed (4S,6R)‐acid are used in the synthesis of HMG‐CoA reductase inhibitor rosuvastatin and the naturally occurring styryl lactone cryptomoscatone E1, respectively.