bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduced alignment based on Petri nets
Authors: Tian Yinhua , Du Yuyue , Li Maozhen , Han Dong , Hu Qiang 
Published: January 2018

SummaryAlignment is the state‐of‐the‐art technique in conformance checking and becoming more important for the analysis of business processes. To improve the efficiency of alignment, a new alignment approach is presented based on Petri net models and traces. It takes artificial logs and models as an example to illustrate the procedure of the new alignment approach. The approach can generate an optimal alignment tree including all of the optimal alignments between the given trace and the Petri net model based on standard likelihood cost function. This paper gives the approach a specific and rigorous characterization. The approach is implemented on ProM as a plugin and has been evaluated using complex logs and models as a case study.
Bias‐Sentiment‐Topic model for microblog sentiment analysis
Authors: Guo Juncai , Chen Xue 
Published: January 2018

SummaryUnified models of sentiment and topic have been widely employed in unsupervised sentiment analysis, where each word in text carries both sentiment and topic information. In fact, however, some words tend to express objective things while others prefer to express subjective sentiments. Based on this observation, the concept of word bias is put forward firstly, including objective bias and subjective bias. Considering the relations of bias, sentiment, and topic, a unified framework named Bias‐Sentiment‐Topic (BST) model is then presented to jointly model them for microblog sentiment analysis. After that, an improved Gibbs sampler is proposed for the inference of BST by introducing the general Pólya urn model, which incorporates word embedding as the general knowledge. Finally, experiments on standard test datasets illustrate major improvements of BST in sentiment classification and its effectiveness in separation of words with different biases.
The Photoconversion of Phytochrome Includes an Unproductive Shunt Reaction Pathway
Authors: Buhrke David , Kuhlmann Uwe , Michael Norbert , Hildebrandt Peter 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPhytochromes are modular bimodal photoswitches that control gene expression for morphogenetic processes in plants. These functions are triggered by photoinduced conversions between the inactive and active states of the photosensory module, denoted as Pr and Pfr, respectively. In the present time‐resolved resonance Raman spectroscopic study of bacterial representatives of this photoreceptor family, we demonstrate that these phototransformations do not represent linear processes but include a branching reaction back to the initial state, prior to (de)activation of the output module. Thus, only a fraction of the photoreceptors undergoing the phototransformations can initiate the downstream signaling process, consistent with phytochrome's function as a sensor for more durable changes of light conditions.
Photo‐Initiated Reduction of CO2 by H2 on Silica Surface
Authors: Liu Chao , Notestein Justin M. , Weitz Eric , Gray Kimberly A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe reduction of CO2 is a promising route to produce valuable chemicals or fuels and create C‐neutral resource cycles. Many different approaches to CO2 reduction have been investigated, but the ability of vacuum UV (VUV) irradiation to cleave C−O bonds has remained largely unexplored for use in processes that convert CO2 into useful products. Compared with other photo‐driven CO2 conversion processes, VUV‐initiated CO2 reduction can achieve much greater conversion under common photochemical reaction conditions when H2 and non‐reducible oxides are present. Infrared spectroscopy provides evidence for a chain reaction initiated by VUV‐induced CO2 splitting, which is enhanced in the presence of H2 and silica. When the reaction is carried out in the presence of silica or alumina surfaces, CO yields are increased and CH4 is formed as the only other detected product. CH4 production is not promoted by traditional photocatalysts such as TiO2 under these conditions. Assuming improvements in lamp and reactor efficiencies with scale up, or coupling with other available CO/CO2 hydrogenation techniques, these results reveal a potential, simple strategy by which CO2 could be valorized.
Clustering‐based resource discovery on Internet‐of‐Things
Authors: Bharti M. , Kumar R. , Saxena S. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryResource discovery on Internet‐of‐Things paradigm is an eminent challenge due to data‐specific activities with respect to foraging and sense‐making loops. The prerequisite to deal with the challenge is to process and analyze the data that require resources to be indexed, ranked, and stored in an efficient manner. A novel clustering technique is proposed to resolve the specified challenge. The technique, namely, iterative k‐means clustering algorithm, targets concrete cluster formation using similarity coefficients of vector space model and performs efficient search against matching criteria with respect to complexity. It is simulated on MATLAB, and the obtained results are compared with fuzzy k‐means and fuzzy c‐means clustering algorithm with similarity coefficients of vector space model against exponential increase in the number of resources.
Cognitive control functions in individuals with obesity with and without binge‐eating disorder
Authors: Kollei Ines , Rustemeier Martina , Schroeder Stefanie , Jongen Sebastian , Herpertz Stephan , Loeber Sabine 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjectiveDeficits in cognitive control are thought to contribute to the maintenance of obesity (OB). Cognitive control is referred to as impulsivity and binge‐eating disorder (BED) is characterized by high levels of impulsivity. The present study sought to elucidate which cognitive control functions differentiate between severe OB with and without BED also taking into account hunger as a moderating factor.MethodThe study included 48 individuals with OB and BED (OB + BED), 48 individuals with OB and no BED (OB – BED) and 48 normal‐weight controls (NWC). Hunger was systematically manipulated: participants were instructed to refrain from eating before testing and received either a liquid meal or flavored water. Then, a comprehensive test battery was administered including a food‐related go/no‐go task and several subtests from the CANTAB.ResultsThere were no differences between the groups with regard to food‐related response inhibition. However, while manipulating hunger had no impact on performance in the go/no‐go task, self‐reported hunger significantly influenced task performance by increasing inhibition deficits to high‐caloric stimuli in OB + BED. With regard to general cognitive control functions, we found that deficits in attention and impulse control in decision‐making distinguished OB from NWC, while reversal learning and risk taking in decision‐making appeared to be relevant factors when distinguishing OB + BED from OB − BED.DiscussionOur results indicate that self‐reported hunger differentially affected food‐related response inhibition. Group differences in general cognitive control functions were limited to attention, reversal learning, and decision‐making. Future research needs to account for other possible moderating factors, such as mood, food craving, or stress.
No evidence of inbreeding depression in sperm performance traits in wild song sparrows
Authors: Losdat Sylvain , Germain Ryan R. , Nietlisbach Pirmin , Arcese Peter , Reid Jane M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractInbreeding is widely hypothesized to shape mating systems and population persistence, but such effects will depend on which traits show inbreeding depression. Population and evolutionary consequences could be substantial if inbreeding decreases sperm performance and hence decreases male fertilization success and female fertility. However, the magnitude of inbreeding depression in sperm performance traits has rarely been estimated in wild populations experiencing natural variation in inbreeding. Further, the hypothesis that inbreeding could increase within‐ejaculate variation in sperm traits and thereby further affect male fertilization success has not been explicitly tested. We used a wild pedigreed song sparrow (Melospiza melodia) population, where frequent extrapair copulations likely create strong postcopulatory competition for fertilization success, to quantify effects of male coefficient of inbreeding (f) on key sperm performance traits. We found no evidence of inbreeding depression in sperm motility, longevity, or velocity, and the within‐ejaculate variance in sperm velocity did not increase with malef. Contrary to inferences from highly inbred captive and experimental populations, our results imply that moderate inbreeding will not necessarily constrain sperm performance in wild populations. Consequently, the widely observed individual‐level and population‐level inbreeding depression in male and female fitness may not stem from reduced sperm performance in inbred males.
Hidden endemism, deep polyphyly, and repeated dispersal across the Isthmus of Tehuantepec: Diversification of the White‐collared Seedeater complex (Thraupidae: Sporophila torqueola)
Authors: Mason Nicholas A. , Olvera‐Vital Arturo , Lovette Irby J. , Navarro‐Sigüenza Adolfo G. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPhenotypic and genetic variation are present in all species, but lineages differ in how variation is partitioned among populations. Examining phenotypic clustering and genetic structure within a phylogeographic framework can clarify which biological processes have contributed to extant biodiversity in a given lineage. Here, we investigate genetic and phenotypic variation among populations and subspecies within a Neotropical songbird complex, the White‐collared Seedeater (Sporophila torqueola) of Central America and Mexico. We combine measurements of morphology and plumage patterning with thousands of nuclear loci derived from ultraconserved elements (UCEs) and mitochondrial DNA to evaluate population differentiation. We find deep levels of molecular divergence between two S. torqueola lineages that are phenotypically diagnosable: One corresponds to S. t. torqueola along the Pacific coast of Mexico, and the other includes S. t. morelleti and S. t. sharpei from the Gulf Coast of Mexico and Central America. Surprisingly, these two lineages are strongly differentiated in both nuclear and mitochondrial markers, and each is more closely related to other Sporophila species than to one another. We infer low levels of gene flow between these two groups based on demographic models, suggesting multiple independent evolutionary lineages within S. torqueola have been obscured by coarse‐scale similarity in plumage patterning. These findings improve our understanding of the biogeographic history of this lineage, which includes multiple dispersal events out of South America and across the Isthmus of Tehuantepec into Mesoamerica. Finally, the phenotypic and genetic distinctiveness of the range‐restricted S. t. torqueola highlights the Pacific Coast of Mexico as an important region of endemism and conservation priority.
Prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors among students of a tertiary institution in Ghana
Authors: Ofori Eric K. , Intiful Freda D. , Asante Matilda , Asare George A. , Adjei Patrick K. , Steele‐Dadzie Rebecca K. , Amoako‐Mensah Anna , Mensah Daniel , Angmorterh Seth K. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are listed as one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity by the World Health Organization. The World Heart Federation lists overweight/obesity, blood lipid profile, and blood pressure as some of the modifiable risk factors to developing CVDs. This study sought to determine the prevalence of some of these modifiable risk factors among University of Ghana students. One hundred and twenty students were sampled for the study. Lipid profile parameters such as high‐density lipoprotein (HDL), total cholesterol (TC), and total triglycerides (TG) were measured using the Vitros 5‐IFS chemistry analyzer (NY, USA). The Friedewald's equation was used to determine low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) levels. Anthropometric indices such as height and weight were measured following standard protocols. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated in kg/m2 using the height and weight measurements. The students were then categorized into underweight, normal, overweight, and obese according to their BMI. Blood pressure measurements were also taken. The mean age of the students was 30.04 ± 7.99 years. A total of 4.2%, 30%, and 67.5% had TG, TC, and LDL, respectively, above normal recommended ranges. Low HDL levels were observed in 32.5% of the students. About 45% had high systolic blood pressure and 32.5% with high diastolic blood pressure. In all, the risk factors studied contributed to about 95% of the variance in explaining the risk of developing CVDs. The study concludes that the cardiovascular risk factors assessed are prevalent among the students and therefore steps must be taken to address the increase in prevalence.
Financing elderly people's long‐term care needs: Evidence from China
Authors: Li Fengyue , Otani Junko 
Published: January 2018

SummaryConfronted by accelerated population aging, China is establishing a long‐term care (LTC) system. This study discusses challenges and recommendations for financing China's LTC system. On the basis of the data on elderly people's self‐care ability from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey, we calculate the size of the elderly population that need LTC for the period from 2015 to 2030 and analyse the increasing tendency of LTC expenses by considering the impact of price increase. We also analyse the local governments' financial capacity for LTC support by comparing the expense level to the fiscal revenue. The study found that aging will double the LTC expenses by 2030. Therefore, this study suggests the establishment of an LTC insurance system that allocates LTC expenses, which are currently borne by individuals and families, more fairly among the government, individuals, and families. Moreover, with the current LTC reforms, implemented primarily by local governments in China, we believe that the central government should bear some of the fiscal responsibility by conducting fiscal transfers to partially support undeveloped regions that are establishing an LTC system.
National norms for the expanded version of the inventory of depression and anxiety symptoms (IDAS‐II)
Authors: Nelson Graham H. , O'Hara Michael W. , Watson David 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe present study developed normative data for the expanded version of the Inventory of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms (IDAS‐II). The IDAS‐II is a self‐report measure containing 18 factor‐analytically derived scales, each assessing a specific symptom of internalizing disorders, including depression, anxiety disorders, OCD, bipolar disorder, and PTSD. These normative data were used to examine group differences in internalizing symptoms across demographic characteristics.MethodA total of 1,836 Mechanical Turk users (47.6% male; mean age = 35.6) completed the IDAS‐II; the sample was weighted to be representative of the U.S. population on gender, age, and race/ethnicity.ResultsPercentiles were derived for each of the IDAS‐II scales. Age was the demographic characteristic most consistently associated with lower internalizing symptoms.ConclusionsThe present study provides information on the distribution of specific internalizing symptoms in a large national sample, as well as on how these symptoms are related to demographic characteristics.
Poverty Trends and Poverty Dynamics: Analysis of Nigerian's first‐ever National Panel Survey Data
Authors: Eigbiremolen God'stime Osekhebhen 
Published: January 2018

AbstractUsing an improved poverty line, this paper provides incidence and trends of poverty and examines poverty dynamics in Nigeria using the General Household Survey panel data. Estimates show a considerably lower poverty incidence compared with previous figures. Poverty incidence, however, increased, albeit marginally, within the periods under study. Results from transition model indicate that small households and male‐headed households are less likely to remain in poverty, less likely to fall into poverty and more likely to stay non‐poor. Estimates from consumption growth model identify a low level of initial education, large initial household size and lack of economic opportunities as factors that keep households in poverty over time. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Monocyte Inhibition of Lung Fibroblast Growth: Relationship to Fibroblast Prostaglandin Production and Density- Defined Monocyte Subpopulations
Authors: Elias Jack A , Zurier Robert B , Schreiber Alan D , Leff Jon A , Daniele Ronald P 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Mononuclear cell fibroblast interactions in the normal human lung are poorly understood. Mononuclear cells can regulate fibroblast function and blood monocytes are known to migrate to the lung and participate in pulmonary inflammation. Thus, to clarify mononuclear cell-fibroblast interactions in the normal lung, we obtained supernatants from adherent monocytes and characterized their effect on the log phase growth of human lung fibroblasts. Monocyte supernatants inhibited fibroblast growth in a dose-dependent fashion. The inhibition was the result of an approximately 16,000 MW soluble factors) that was heat stable, trypsin sensitive, and chymotrypsin resistant. Elaboration of the factors) required monocyte protein synthesis and was not restricted to a density-defined monocyte subpopulation. The inhibitory capacity of a monocyte supernatant was directly related to its ability to stimulate fibroblast prostaglandin production. Blocking fibroblast prostaglandin production reversed the inhibition of fibroblast growth caused by monocyte supernatants. Thus, monocyte inhibition of fibroblast growth may be mediated by fibroblast prostaglandin production. Recruitment of monocytes to the lung and subsequent monocyte inhibition of fibroblast growth may be important in regulating pulmonary fibrosis.
Antileukocyte Activity I. Systemic Inhibition of Cellular Emigration Following Local Inflammation
Authors: Normann S J , Schardt M , Sorkin E 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Inflammation in progress at one site decreases edema formation at a second and separate inflammatory focus. This clinically important phenomenon is known as counter-irritation. Since its effect on leukocyte responses has not been defined, we investigated in rats the systemic anti-inflammatory effect of local irritant injection on cellular emigration, particularly monocytes. Macrophage accumulation at a subcutaneous inflammatory site was severely depressed by prior intraperitoneal irritant injection despite continued macrophage accumulation in the peritoneal cavity and normal circulating monocyte levels. The phenomenon also existed in the peritoneal cavity to subcutaneously administered irritants and involved PMNs as readily as macrophages. Anti-inflammation occurred only when the counter-irritant was injected before or simultaneously with the measured inflammatory response while the degree and duration of inhibition depended upon the nature and amount of counter- irritant injected. These studies demonstrate that local inflammation inhibits leukocyte reactivity. Transplantation of syngeneic tumor but not normal cells also produced a depression in macrophage inflammatory responses. This inhibition differed from counter-irritation by not affecting granulocytes and by being transient despite tumor persistence.
Effects of Nicotine on the Functions of Human Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes In Vitro
Authors: Sasagawa Sumiko , Suzuki Kazuo , Sakatani Tatsuichiro , Fujikura Toshio 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Effects of nicotine on migration, extracellular release of lysosomal enzymes, and superoxide anion (O2) production of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) were studied. Nicotine (5 × 10−6 to 5 × 10−4 M) had no effect on random migration, chemotaxis to fMet-Leu-Phe, nor on chemokinesis induced by fMet-Leu-Phe. Nicotine, however, inhibited both extracellular release of lysosomal enzymes from PMN and O2 production of PMN, both of which were induced by fMet-Leu-Phe and cytochalasin B. The inhibition of enzyme release and O2 production by nicotine was not affected by atropine, hexame- thonium, or acetyl β -methylcholine, suggesting a direct action of nicotine on PMN functions. It is presumed that nicotine does not affect PMN migration to inflammatory sites, but inhibits the microbicidal functions of PMN. Exposure to PMN to nicotine introduced into the body by smoking could suppress their functions. This might result in harmful influences on the host defense mechanism, including antitumor function.
T-T Cell Interaction in the In Vitro Induction of Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH) Responses: Demonstration of Vaccinia Virus-Reactive Helper T Cell Activity Involved in Enhanced Induction of DTH Responses
Authors: Kosugi Atsushi , Takai Yasuyuki , Ogata Masato , Fujiwara Hiromi , Hamaoka Toshiyuki 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
C3H/HeN mice were inoculated i.p. with viable vaccinia virus to generate virus- reactive helper T cell activity. 850R X-irradiated spleen cells from vaccinia virus-primed or unprimed mice as helper cells were stimulated in vitro with either trinitrophenyl (TNP)-modified syngeneic spleen cells (TNP-self), vaccinia virus-infected spleen cells (virus-self), or cells modified with TNP subsequent to virus infection (virus-self-TNP) in the presence of normal C3H/HeN spleen cells (responding cells). After 5 days of culture, effector cells were tested for anti-TNP delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses by adoptive transfer into footpads of syngeneic C3H/HeN recipient mice together with TNP-self. The results demonstrate that spleen cells from virus-primed mice failed to enhance anti-TNP DTH responses when in vitro stimulation was provided by either virus-self or TNP-self alone. In contrast, spleen cells from vaccinia virus- primed mice, but not from unprimed mice, could augment anti-TNP DTH responses when stimulated by virus-self-TNP. Such a helper activity provided by vaccinia virus-primed mice was shown to be antigen-specific, and mediated by Lyt-1+2−T cells. DTH effector cells enhanced by helper cells were also antigen-specific and Lyt-1 +2−T cells. Furthermore, vaccinia virus-reactive helper T cell activity could be applied to augmented induction of anti-tumor DTH responses by stimulation with virus-infected syngeneic fibrosarcoma tumor cells. Thus, these results provide evidence for the role of antigen-specific helper T cells in augmenting the development of DTH responses to cell surface antigens including tumor antigens.
Preparation and Characterization of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages
Authors: Hume David A , Allan William , Golder Jeffrey , Stephens Ross W , Doe William F , Warren Hilary S 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Bone marrow–derived macrophages were prepared from human bone marrow mononuclear cells following cultivation in GCT-conditioned medium (GCT-CM) and purification by adherence to fibronectin-coated flasks. The growth of bone marrow mononuclear cells in GCT-CM was dependent on the shape of the culture vessels, being increased in round-bottomed versus flat-bottomed wells. Proliferation was confined to nonadherent cells; like blood monocytes, bone marrow-derived macrophages did not incorporate [3H]thymidine in response to GCT-CM or human serum. Purified macrophages from this source expressed nonspecific esterase and OKM1, OKIa, FMC 17, 32, and 34 and 25F9 antigens but lacked Mo2. They expressed high levels of an inactivator of plasminogen activator, minactivin, and gave a substantial metabolic burst in response to phorbol myristate acetate or opsonized (but not unopsonized) zymosan. Bone marrow–derived macrophages acted as accessory cells in the response of T lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin. The results suggest that liquid bone marrow cultures are useful in the study of the differentiation of human mononuclear phagocytes.