bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between the change in body mass index from early adulthood to midlife and subsequent type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Sun Wanwan , Shi Lixin , Ye Zhen , Mu Yiming , Liu Chao , Zhao Jiajun , Chen Lulu , Li Qiang , Yang Tao , Yan Li , Wan Qin , Wu Shengli , Liu Yan , Wang Guixia , Luo Zuojie , Tang Xulei , Chen Gang , Huo Yanan , Gao Zhengnan , Su Qing , Wang Youmin , Qin Guijun , Deng Huacong , Yu Xuefeng , Shen Feixia , Chen Li , Zhao Liebin , Sun Jichao , Ding Lin , Xu Yu , Xu Min , Dai Meng , Wang Tiange , Zhang Di , Lu Jieli , Bi Yufang , Lai Shenghan , Li Donghui , Wang Weiqing , Ning Guang ,   on behalf of the REACTION Study Group
Published: February 2016

ObjectiveTo clarify the quantitative relationship of body mass index (BMI) change from early adulthood to midlife with presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) after midlife.MethodsThis study included 120,666 middle‐aged and elderly, whose retrospectively self‐reported body weight at 20 and 40 years and measured height were available. BMI at 20 and 40 years and BMI change in between were defined as early‐adulthood BMI, midlife BMI, and early‐adulthood BMI change.ResultsThe odds ratio (OR) for T2DM associated with an 1‐unit increment of early‐adulthood or midlife BMI was 1.08 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.07‐1.08) and 1.09 (95% CI, 1.09‐1.10) respectively. In the cross‐tabulation of both early‐adulthood BMI and BMI change, the prevalence of T2DM increased across both variables. Compared with participants with normal early‐adulthood weight and BMI increase/decrease ≤1, the OR (95% CI) for T2DM of participants with early‐adulthood overweight/obesity and BMI increase ≥4 kg/m2 was 3.49 (3.05‐4.00). For participants with early‐adulthood underweight and BMI increase/decrease ≤ 1, the OR (95% CI) was 0.85 (0.75‐0.97). Subgroup analysis according to sex and age showed similar trends.ConclusionsEarly‐adulthood BMI may influence T2DM prevalence after midlife independent of current BMI. T2DM prevalence after midlife was positively associated with early‐adulthood weight gain and inversely related to early‐adulthood weight loss, while early‐adulthood weight loss could not completely negate the adverse effect of early‐adulthood overweight/obesity on diabetes.
The Effects of Paid Family Leave in California on Labor Market Outcomes
Authors: Baum Charles L. , Ruhm Christopher J. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractUsing data from the 1997 cohort of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY‐97), we examine the effects of California's paid family leave program (CA‐PFL) on mothers’ and fathers’ use of leave during the period surrounding child birth, and on the timing of mothers’ return to work, the probability of eventually returning to prechildbirth jobs, and subsequent labor market outcomes. We estimate multivariate difference‐in‐differences regression models that compare changes in the outcomes for new California parents before and after the enactment of CA‐PFL to those for corresponding parents in control states. Our results suggest that CA‐PFL raised leave use by almost five weeks for the average covered mother and two to three days for the corresponding father. Maternal leave‐taking appears to increase in the quarter before the birth and to extend through the two quarters after it. Paternal leave‐taking rises fairly quickly after the birth and is short‐lasting. Rights to paid leave are also associated with higher work and employment probabilities for mothers nine to 12 months after birth, probably because they increase job continuity among those with relatively weak labor force attachments. We also find positive effects of California's program on hours and weeks of work during their child's second year of life.
Biochemical characterization of two haloalkane dehalogenases: DccA from Caulobacter crescentus and DsaA from Saccharomonospora azurea
Authors: Carlucci Lauren , Zhou Edward , Malashkevich Vladimir N. , Almo Steven C. , Mundorff Emily C. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractTwo putative haloalkane dehalogenases (HLDs) of the HLD‐I subfamily, DccA from Caulobacter crescentus and DsaA from Saccharomonospora azurea, have been identified based on sequence comparisons with functionally characterized HLD enzymes. The two genes were synthesized, functionally expressed in E. coli and shown to have activity toward a panel of haloalkane substrates. DsaA has a moderate activity level and a preference for long (greater than 3 carbons) brominated substrates, but little activity toward chlorinated alkanes. DccA shows high activity with both long brominated and chlorinated alkanes. The structure of DccA was determined by X‐ray crystallography and was refined to 1.5 Å resolution. The enzyme has a large and open binding pocket with two well‐defined access tunnels. A structural alignment of HLD‐I subfamily members suggests a possible basis for substrate specificity is due to access tunnel size.
On the satisfaction of backbone‐carbonyl lone pairs of electrons in protein structures
Authors: Bartlett Gail J. , Woolfson Derek N. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractProtein structures are stabilized by a variety of noncovalent interactions (NCIs), including the hydrophobic effect, hydrogen bonds, electrostatic forces and van der Waals’ interactions. Our knowledge of the contributions of NCIs, and the interplay between them remains incomplete. This has implications for computational modeling of NCIs, and our ability to understand and predict protein structure, stability, and function. One consideration is the satisfaction of the full potential for NCIs made by backbone atoms. Most commonly, backbone‐carbonyl oxygen atoms located within α‐helices and β‐sheets are depicted as making a single hydrogen bond. However, there are two lone pairs of electrons to be satisfied for each of these atoms. To explore this, we used operational geometric definitions to generate an inventory of NCIs for backbone‐carbonyl oxygen atoms from a set of high‐resolution protein structures and associated molecular‐dynamics simulations in water. We included more‐recently appreciated, but weaker NCIs in our analysis, such as n→π* interactions, Cα‐H bonds and methyl‐H bonds. The data demonstrate balanced, dynamic systems for all proteins, with most backbone‐carbonyl oxygen atoms being satisfied by two NCIs most of the time. Combinations of NCIs made may correlate with secondary structure type, though in subtly different ways from traditional models of α‐ and β‐structure. In addition, we find examples of under‐ and over‐satisfied carbonyl‐oxygen atoms, and we identify both sequence‐dependent and sequence‐independent secondary‐structural motifs in which these reside. Our analysis provides a more‐detailed understanding of these contributors to protein structure and stability, which will be of use in protein modeling, engineering and design.
Development of a CO2‐releasing coformulation based on starch, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Beauveria bassiana attractive towards western corn rootworm larvae
Authors: Vemmer Marina , Schumann Mario , Beitzen‐Heineke Wilhelm , French Bryan W , Vidal Stefan , Patel Anant V 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDCO2 is known as an attractant for many soil‐dwelling pests. To implement an attract‐and‐kill strategy for soil pest control, CO2‐emitting formulations need to be developed. The aim of the present work was to develop a slow‐release bead system in order to bridge the gap between application and hatching of western corn rootworm larvae.RESULTSWe compared different Ca‐alginate beads containing Saccharomyces cerevisiae for their potential to release CO2 over a period of several weeks. The addition of starch improved CO2 release, resulting in significantly higher CO2 concentrations in soil for at least 4 weeks. The missing amylase activity was compensated for either by microorganisms present in the soil or by coencapsulation of Beauveria bassiana. Formulations containing S. cerevisiae, starch and B. bassiana were attractive for western corn rootworm larvae within the first 4 h following exposure; however, when considering the whole testing period, the maize root systems remained more attractive for the larvae.CONCLUSIONCoencapsulation of S. cerevisiae, starch and B. bassiana is a promising approach for the development of attractive formulations for soil applications. For biological control strategies, the attractiveness needs to be increased by phagostimuli to extend contact between larvae and the entomopathogenic fungus growing out of these formulations. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Analysis and fragmentation mechanisms of hirsutinolide‐type sesquiterpene lactones by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization linear ion trap Orbitrap mass spectrometry
Authors: Girardi Cynthia , Jullian Valérie , Haddad Mohamed , Vansteelandt Marieke , Cabanillas Billy Joel , Kapanda Coco N. , Herent Marie‐France , Quetin‐Leclercq Joëlle , Fabre Nicolas 
Published: February 2016

RationaleHirsutinolide‐type sesquiterpene lactones (SLs) are natural biologically active compounds mainly found in the genus Vernonia. Very few studies have been published about the fragmentation mechanisms of SLs generally and none about hirsutinolides, although they have drawn attention through their biological and taxonomical interest. This work aims to propose a mass spectrometry fragmentation pattern for hirsutinolides in order to detect and to identify them in a botanical extract.MethodsThe fragmentation pathways of six pure hirsutinolides isolated from Pseudelephantopus spiralis were established by positive ion electrospray high‐resolution linear ion trap Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry (ESI(+)‐HRMSn). A resolutive, hyphenated ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled to diode array detection (DAD) and ESI(+)‐HRMSn method was then implemented to separate and analyze them. The ionization behaviour and diagnostic product ions were investigated by both methods. The UHPLC/DAD‐ESI‐HRMSn method was applied for the dereplication of a plant extract.ResultsFor the six standard compounds, the main fragmentation pattern consists first in the loss of the side chain in the C‐8 position followed by the loss of the substituent in the C‐13 position. UHPLC/HRMS analyses of hirsutinolides mainly produced sodiated molecules or [M+H–H2O]+ ions. The high‐abundance product ions at m/z 299 and 259 were established to be the characteristic diagnostic ions of the hirsutinolide core. The analysis of a P. spiralis extract further led to the identification of two putative hirsutinolides.ConclusionsThe UHPLC/DAD‐HRMSn method combining characteristic fragmentation patterns and the profiles of the product ions generated in the MS and MS/MS spectra is an effective technique for characterizing hirsutinolide‐type SLs. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of human plasma metabolites across different liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry platforms: Cross‐platform transferable chemical signatures
Authors: Telu Kelly H. , Yan Xinjian , Wallace William E. , Stein Stephen E. , Simón‐Manso Yamil 
Published: February 2016

RationaleThe metabolite profiling of a NIST plasma Standard Reference Material (SRM 1950) on different liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) platforms showed significant differences. Although these findings suggest caution when interpreting metabolomics results, the degree of overlap of both profiles allowed us to use tandem mass spectral libraries of recurrent spectra to evaluate to what extent these results are transferable across platforms and to develop cross‐platform chemical signatures.MethodsNon‐targeted global metabolite profiles of SRM 1950 were obtained on different LC/MS platforms using reversed‐phase chromatography and different chromatographic scales (conventional HPLC, UHPLC and nanoLC). The data processing and the metabolite differential analysis were carried out using publically available (XCMS), proprietary (Mass Profiler Professional) and in‐house software (NIST pipeline).ResultsRepeatability and intermediate precision showed that the non‐targeted SRM 1950 profiling was highly reproducible when working on the same platform (relative standard deviation (RSD) <2%); however, substantial differences were found in the LC/MS patterns originating on different platforms or even using different chromatographic scales (conventional HPLC, UHPLC and nanoLC) on the same platform. A substantial degree of overlap (common molecular features) was also found. A procedure to generate consistent chemical signatures using tandem mass spectral libraries of recurrent spectra is proposed.ConlusionsDifferent platforms rendered significantly different metabolite profiles, but the results were highly reproducible when working within one platform. Tandem mass spectral libraries of recurrent spectra are proposed to evaluate the degree of transferability of chemical signatures generated on different platforms. Chemical signatures based on our procedure are most likely cross‐platform transferable. Published in 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Structural elucidation of AgAsS2 glass by the analysis of clusters formed during laser desorption ionisation applying quadrupole ion trap time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Mawale Ravi Madhukar , Alberti Milan , Zhang Bo , Fraenkl Max , Wagner Tomas , Havel Josef 
Published: February 2016

RationaleThe structure of AgAsS2 glass, which has a broad range of applications, is still not well understood and a systematic mass spectrometric analysis of AgAsS2 glass is currently not available. Elucidation of the structure should help in the development of this material.MethodsThe AgAsS2 glass was prepared by the melt‐quenched technique. Laser desorption ionisation (LDI) using quadrupole ion trap time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (QIT‐TOFMS) was used to follow the generation of AgmAsnSx clusters. The stoichiometry of the clusters generated was determined via collision‐induced dissociation (CID) and modelling of isotopic patterns. The AgAsS2 glass was characterised by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) spectroscopy.ResultsThe LDI of AgAsS2 glass leads to the formation of unary (Ag+/− and As3+) species, 38 binary (AsnSx, AgmSx), and 98 ternary (AgmAsnSx) singly charged clusters. The formation of silver‐rich nano‐grains during AgAsS2 glass synthesis has been identified using TEM analysis and also verified by QIT‐TOFMS.ConclusionsTOFMS was shown to be a useful technique to study the generation of AgmAsnSx clusters. SEM, TEM and EDX analysis proved that the structure of AgAsS2 glass is ‘grain‐like’ where grains are either: (1) Silver‐rich ‘islands’ (Agm, m up to 39) connected by arsenic and/or sulfur or arsenic sulfide chains or (2) silver sulfide (Ag2S)m (m = 9–20) clusters also similarly inter‐connected. This obtained structural information may be useful for the development of ultra‐high‐density phase‐change storage and memory devices using this kind of glass as a base. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Freezing and fractionation: effects of preservation on carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios of some limnetic organisms
Authors: Wolf J. Marshall , Johnson Brett , Silver Douglas , Pate William , Christianson Kyle 
Published: February 2016

RationaleStable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen have become important natural tracers for studying food‐web structure and function. Considerable research has demonstrated that chemical preservatives and fixatives shift the isotopic ratios of aquatic organisms. Much less is known about the effects of freezing as a preservation method although this technique is commonly used.MethodsWe conducted a controlled experiment to test the effects of freezing (–10 °C) and flash freezing (–79 °C) on the carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios of zooplankton (Cladocera), Mysis diluviana and Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Subsamples (~0.5 mg) of dried material were analyzed for percentage carbon, percentage nitrogen, and the relative abundance of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes (δ13C and δ15N values) using a Carlo Erba NC2500 elemental analyzer interfaced to a ThermoFinnigan MAT Delta Plus isotope ratio mass spectrometer.ResultsThe effects of freezing were taxon‐dependent. Freezing had no effect on the isotopic or elemental values of Rainbow Trout muscle. Effects on the δ13C and δ15N values of zooplankton and Mysis were statistically significant but small relative to typical values of trophic fractionation. The treatment‐control offsets had larger absolute values for Mysis (δ13C: ≤0.76 ± 0.41‰, δ15N: ≤0.37 ± 0.16‰) than for zooplankton (δ13C: ≤0.12 ± 0.06‰, δ15N: ≤0.30 ± 0.27‰). The effects of freezing were more variable for the δ13C values of Mysis, and more variable for the δ15N values of zooplankton. Generally, both freezing methods reduced the carbon content of zooplankton and Mysis, but freezing had a negative effect on the %N of zooplankton and a positive effect on the %N of Mysis.ConclusionsThe species‐dependencies and variability of freezing effects on aquatic organisms suggest that more research is needed to understand the mechanisms responsible for freezing‐related fractionation before standardized protocols for freezing as a preservation method can be adopted. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A privacy‐preserving multi‐server authenticated key‐agreement scheme based on Chebyshev chaotic maps
Authors: Tan Zuowen 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe paper presents a password‐based authenticated key‐agreement protocol for multi‐server environments by using Chebyshev chaotic maps. The protocol allows a user to login to different servers via a single password. The proposed scheme has removed the weakness of multi‐server authenticated key‐agreement schemes, which adopt the architecture of two‐level servers. After a user has finished the first login to a service providing server, the control server is not required to be online for the user's subsequent logins. Compared with the related multi‐server authentication schemes, our scheme meets more security requirements, such as mutual authentication, perfect forward security, freedom of password change, scalability of login, resistance to the stolen verifier attacks, resistance to server spoofing attacks, and two‐factor security. Detailed analysis shows that the proposed scheme can resist several kinds of attacks. The proposed scheme is provably secure under the CDH assumption of Chebyshev polynomials in the random oracle model. Furthermore, it offers the user and server with privacy‐preserving, that is, anonymity and untraceability. Any adversary can neither figure out the identities of users or the identities of service providing servers nor link different sessions with a user or a server. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient chosen ciphertext secure identity‐based encryption against key leakage attacks
Authors: Sun Shi‐Feng , Gu Dawu , Liu Shengli 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDue to the proliferation of side‐channel attacks, many efforts have been made to construct cryptographic systems that remain provably secure even if part of the secret information is leaked to the adversary. Recently, there have been many identity‐based encryption (IBE) schemes proposed in this context, almost all of which, however, can only achieve chosen plaintext attack (CPA) security. As far as we know, Alwen et al.'s IBE is the unique practical scheme secure against adaptive chosen ciphertext attacks (CCA2) in the standard model. Unfortunately, this scheme suffers from an undesirable shortcoming that the leakage parameter λ and the message length m are subject to λ + m≤ logp − ω(logκ), where κ and p denote the security parameter and the prime order of the underlying group, respectively. Beyond that, the leakage ratio in this scheme is very low, which can just reach 1/6. In this work, we put forward two new IBE schemes, both of which are λ‐leakage‐resilient CCA2 secure in the standard model. Specifically, the first construction is proposed based on Gentry's IBE, which is quite practical and almost as efficient as the original scheme. Moreover, its leakage parameter, λ≤ logp − ω(logκ), is independent of the size of the message space. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first practical leakage‐resilient fully CCA2 secure IBE scheme in the standard model, tolerating up to (logp − ω(logκ))‐bit leakage of the private key and its leakage parameter being independent of the message length. As to the second construction, it is proposed based on the scheme of Alwen et al., which has the same leakage parameter as Alwen et al., but has a better efficiency performance and a higher leakage ratio. As far as we know, it is the first practical and fully CCA2 secure leakage‐resilient IBE scheme with leakage ratio up to 1/4. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conversion of Canola Meal into a High‐Protein Feed Additive via Solid‐State Fungal Incubation Process
Authors: Croat Jason R. , Berhow Mark , Karki Bishnu , Muthukumarappan Kasiviswanathan , Gibbons William R. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe study goal was to determine the optimal fungal culture to reduce glucosinolates (GLS), fiber, and residual sugars while increasing the protein content and nutritional value of canola meal. Solid‐state incubation conditions were used to enhance filamentous growth of the fungi. Flask trials were performed using 50 % moisture content hexane‐extracted (HE) or cold‐pressed (CP) canola meal with incubation for 168 h at 30 °C. Incubation on HE canola meal Trichoderma reesei (NRRL‐3653) achieved the greatest increase in protein content (23 %), while having the lowest residual levels of sugar (8 % w/w) and GLS (0.4 μM/g). Incubation on CP canola meal Trichoderma reesei (NRRL‐3653), A. pullulans (NRRL‐58522), and A. pullulans (NRRL‐Y‐2311‐1) resulted in the greatest improvement in protein content (22.9, 16.9 and 15.4 %, respectively), while reducing total GLS content from 60.6 to 1.0, 3.2 and 10.7 μM/g, respectively. HE and CP canola meal GLS levels were reduced to 65.5 and 50.7 % by thermal treatments while solid‐state microbial conversion further reduced GLS up to 99 and 98 %, respectively. Fiber levels increased due to the concentration effect of removing oligosaccharides and GLS.
Blood Curse and Belonging in Thailand: Law, Buddhism, and Legal Consciousness
Authors: ENGEL David M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis article takes up Talal Asad’s suggestion that studies of law and religion should reject the modern/non-modern binary and instead consider the “fragmented cultures” and “hybrid selves” associated with constantly changing social circumstances. The article begins with a seemingly bizarre incident that occurred during Thai street protests in March 2010. Tens of thousands of rural demonstrators splashed their own blood on Bangkok’s public buildings to curse the ruling government and its legal and political institutions. An explanation of the demonstrators’ controversial actions is found in their reaction against efforts of the central Thai ruling elite over the past century to modernize Thai law, rationalize its religious administration, and eliminate rival systems in outlying regions. These efforts, in turn, are placed in the context of a centuries-old tradition of law, kingship, and religious purification through which Thai rulers centralized their power and demonstrated their legitimacy. The street protests in 2010 represented a failed attempt by rural workers simultaneously to claim their place in the Thai nation and to challenge its hegemony, to assert their rights under modern law, and to invoke pre-modern legal norms and identities.