bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can foreign banks compete in China?
Authors: Avkiran Necmi K. , Zhu Yushu , Tripe David W. L. , Walsh Kathleen 
Published: December 2015

AbstractForeign banks in China have faced strict regulatory requirements that were not imposed on domestic banks and as such they have performed poorly in profitability rankings. Recent changes in the Chinese regulatory requirements prompt us to consider whether foreign banks are now on an equal footing with the Chinese domestic banks. Using Cobb–Douglas stochastic frontier analysis with total income as the dependent variable, we find no significant performance difference between foreign and domestic banks. However, robustness testing using the individual components of total income as dependent variables reveals that foreign banks need to improve efficiency of their income generation.
The effects of tone at the top and coordination with external auditors on internal auditors’ fraud risk assessments
Authors: Wang Isabel Z. , Fargher Neil 
Published: December 2015

AbstractPrior research suggests that internal auditors’ judgements are subject to management influence resulting in compromised risk assessments. This study investigates the effects of the tone at the top and coordination with external auditors on internal auditors’ fraud risk assessments. Results of an experiment involving 64 internal auditors indicate that when the tone at the top is poor, rather than favouring management, internal auditors report a higher risk of intentional misstatements and that coordination with external auditors can further reduce expectations of the incidence of intentional misstatements.
Conversion to dementia in mild cognitive impairment diagnosed with DSM‐5 criteria and with Petersen's criteria
Authors: Marcos G. , Santabárbara J. , Lopez‐Anton R. , De‐la‐Cámara C. , Gracia‐García P. , Lobo E. , Pírez G. , Menchón J. M. , Palomo T. , Stephan B. C. M. , Brayne C. , Lobo A. ,   the ZARADEMP Workgroup
Published: December 2015

ObjectiveIn a background of revision of criteria for states of increased risk for progression to dementia, we compare the conversion rate to dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD) of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) as diagnosed using DSM‐5 (DSM‐5‐MCI) and Petersen's (P‐MCI) criteria.MethodA population representative cohort of 4057 dementia‐free individuals 55+ years of age was followed up at 2.5 and 4.5 years in Zaragoza, Spain (ZARADEMP). Using the Geriatric Mental State‐ AGECAT for assessment, research psychiatrists diagnosed DSM‐5‐MCI and P‐MCI following operationalized criteria. ‘Conversion rate’ (CR), ‘annual conversion rate’ (ACR), and incidence rate (IR) were calculated along with incidence rate ratio (IRR) to compare the performance of the intermediate cognitive definitions.ResultsAt 4.5‐year follow‐up, in individuals aged 65+ years, ACRs for non‐cases, P‐MCI, and DSM‐5‐MCI were 0.8, 1.9 and 3.4, respectively, for global dementia. The IRRs were 2.9 and 5.3 for P‐MCI and DSM5‐MCI, respectively, being the non‐cases the reference category. The corresponding values were slightly lower for AD.ConclusionConversion rate to dementia and AD was higher using DSM‐5‐MCI criteria than using Petersen's criteria. However, prediction of the construct still has some way to go, as most MCI individuals did not convert at 4.5‐year follow‐up.
Kimberley Indigenous mental health: An examination of metabolic syndrome risk factors
Authors: Stanley Susanne H. , Laugharne Jonathan D.E. , Chapman Murray , Balaratnasingam Sivasankaran 
Published: December 2015

AbstractObjectiveThere is an increased risk of physical health comorbidities in people with a mental illness. This paper examines the metabolic syndrome parameters for the general population, indigenous Australians and people with a mental illness, and compares them to a sample of predominantly indigenous adults with mental health problems.DesignA longitudinal (24 month) audit of patient medical records was conducted between February 2011 and March 2013.SettingThe Kimberley Mental Health and Drug Service in Broome, Western Australia.ParticipantsLargely indigenous adults with a mental illness. Sample numbers increased from 56 at baseline (80% indigenous) to 136 at 18 months (70% indigenous).Main outcome measuresWaist circumference, blood pressure, fasting lipids, and fasting blood glucose.ResultsPreliminary assessment of the data indicates a high percentage of abnormalities at baseline and at the 18 month period on all four parameters, yet not all patients were assessed on a regular basis.ConclusionsAbnormalities in metabolic profiles consistent with the non‐Indigenous mental health population were found. There are considerable challenges to implementing regular monitoring of physical and metabolic profiles of indigenous people in rural and remote communities.
Chemoprevention of colorectal neoplasia
Authors: Wakeman Chris , Keenan Jacqueline , Eteuati Jimmy , Hollington Paul , Eglinton Tim , Frizelle Frank 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundColorectal cancer is a common and often fatal malignancy. Currently, the modifications that alter disease outcome include early symptom recognition, population screening as well as improved surgical and adjuvant treatments. Preventative strategies have been limited with little evidence that lifestyle changes significantly alter risk. There is however a growing awareness of a potential role for chemoprevention in some patient groups. This study aimed to review the literature associated with chemoprevention in colorectal cancer.MethodsAn electronic literature search of MEDLINE and Embase databases was performed on PubMed for studies detailing the use of chemoprevention agents in colon and rectal cancer. The search was limited to clinical trials on adult humans (>16 years of age) published in English since 1990.ResultsThe strongest evidence is for non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs slowing polyp progression, notably Sulindac and aspirin in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis and hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer, respectively. There is also increasing evidence that continuing use of low‐dose aspirin reduces long‐term incidence of colorectal cancers. Cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors also have a potential role but cardiac toxicity currently limits their use. Folic acid, statins, antioxidants, calcium and 5‐aminosalicylic acid lack evidence to support their use at present.ConclusionsCurrently, there is not enough evidence to support the implementation of a chemopreventative agent for general use. However, there appears to be a role for aspirin in selected subgroups.
Beak and feather disease virus genotypes in Australian parrots reveal flexible host‐switching
Authors: Sarker S , Forwood JK , Ghorashi SA , Peters A , Raidal SR 
Published: December 2015

ObjectiveTo discover beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) genotypes in Australian parrots that might threaten vulnerable and endangered psittacine bird species.MethodsPhylogenetic analyses of new DNA sequence data from Australian birds including the Rep gene (n = 55) and nine whole genomes, were compared with all available published BFDV genomes to assess host‐ and geographically‐based divergence as well as probable host‐switch events.ResultsStrong support for flexible host‐switching and recombination was detected, indicating active cross‐species transmission in various subpopulations.ConclusionThe data suggested that all endangered Australian psittacine bird species are equally likely to be infected by BFDV genotypes from any other close or distantly related host reservoir species.
Humanity and Justice in Global Health: Problems with Venkatapuram's Justification of the Global Health Duty
Authors: Kollar Eszter , Laukötter Sebastian , Buyx Alena 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTOne of the most ambitious and sophisticated recent approaches to provide a theory of global health justice is Sridhar Venkatapuram's recent work. In this commentary, we first outline the core idea of Venkatapuram's approach to global health justice. We then argue that one of the most important elements of the account, Venkatapuram's basis of global health duties, is either too weak or assumed implicitly without a robust justification. The more explicit grounding of the duty to protect and promote health capabilities is based on Martha Nussbaum's version of the capability approach. We argue that this foundation gives rise to humanitarian duties rather than duties of justice proper. Venkatapuram's second argument from the social determinants of health thesis is instead a stronger candidate for grounding duties of justice. However, as a justificatory argument, it is only alluded to and has not yet been spelled out sufficiently. We offer plausible justificatory steps to fill this gap and draw some implications for global health action. We believe this both strengthens Venkatapuram's approach and serves to broaden the basis for future action in the area of global health.
A survey of fertility and sexual health following allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Dyer Gemma , Gilroy Nicole , Bradford Jennifer , Brice Lisa , Kabir Masura , Greenwood Matt , Larsen Stephen R. , Moore John , Hertzberg Mark , Kwan John , Brown Louisa , Hogg Megan , Huang Gillian , Tan Jeff , Ward Christopher , Kerridge Ian 
Published: December 2015

SummaryFour hundred and twenty‐one adult allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) survivors participated in a cross‐sectional study to assess sexual dysfunction and infertility post‐transplant. Survey instruments included the Sydney Post‐Blood and Marrow Transplant (BMT) Survey, Functional Assessment of Cancer Treatment (FACT) – BMT, the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scales (DASS 21), the Chronic Graft‐versus‐Host Disease (cGVHD) Activity Assessment‐ Patient Self Report (Form B), the Lee cGVHD Symptom Scale and The Post‐Traumatic Growth Inventory. Most HSCT survivors reported sexual difficulties (51% of males; 66% of females). Men reported erectile dysfunction (79%) and decreased libido (61·6%) and women reported loss of libido (83%), painful intercourse (73%) and less enjoyment of sex (68%). Women also commonly reported vaginal dryness (73%), vaginal narrowing (34%) and vaginal irritation (26%). Woman had much higher rates of genital cGvHD than men (22% vs. 5%). Age and cGVHD were significantly associated with sexual dysfunction. Few survivors had children following transplant (3·3%). However, for those of reproductive age at HSCT, 22% reported trying to conceive, with 10·3% reporting success. This study is the largest to date exploring sexual function in survivors of allo‐HSCT. This data provides the basis for health service reform to better meet the needs of HSCT survivors, including evidence to support counselling and education both pre‐ and post‐transplant.
A prospective multicentric international study on the surgical outcomes and patients’ satisfaction rates of the ‘sliding’ technique for end‐stage Peyronie's disease with severe shortening of the penis and erectile dysfunction
Authors: Rolle Luigi , Falcone Marco , Ceruti Carlo , Timpano Massimiliano , Sedigh Omid , Ralph David J. , Kuehhas Franklin , Oderda Marco , Preto Mirko , Sibona Mattia , Gillo Arianna , Garaffa Giulio , Gontero Paolo , Frea Bruno 
Published: December 2015

ObjectivesTo report the results from a prospective multicentric study of patients with Peyronie's disease (PD) treated with the ‘sliding’ technique (ST).Patients and MethodsFrom June 2010 to January 2014, 28 consecutive patients affected by stable PD with severe penile shortening and end‐stage erectile dysfunction (ED) were enrolled in three European PD tertiary referral centres. The validated International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) questionnaire, the Sexual Encounter Profile (SEP) Questions 2 and 3, and the Peyronie's disease questionnaire (PDQ) were completed preoperatively by all patients. At the follow‐up visits (at 3, 6 and 12 months), the IIEF, the SEP Questions 2 and 3, the PDQ, and the Erectile Dysfunction Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction (EDITS) were completed. The outcome analysis was focused on penile length restoration, and intra‐ and postoperative complications classified according the Clavien–Dindo Classification.ResultsThe mean (range) follow‐up was 37 (9–60) months. A malleable penile prosthesis (PP) was implanted in seven patients, while an inflatable three‐pieces PP was placed in the remainder. In the case of inflatable PP implantation, porcine small intestinal submucosa and acellular porcine dermal matrix were used to cover the tunical defects. While in patients undergoing malleable PP implantation, collagen‐fibrin sponge was used. The mean operative time was 145 min in the inflatable PP group and 115 min in the malleable PP group. There were no intraoperative complications. Postoperative complications included profuse bleeding requiring a blood transfusion in one patient (3.5%) on anticoagulation therapy for a mechanical heart valve (Grade II) and PP infection requiring the removal of the device (7%) (Grade III). There were no late recurrences of the shaft deformation. The postoperative functional data showed a progressive improvement in the score of all questionnaires, peaking at 12 months postoperatively. The mean (range) penile lengthening was 3.2 (2.5–4) cm and no patient reported recurrence of the curvature.ConclusionsThe present series suggests that, in the hands of experienced high‐volume surgeons, penile length restoration with the use of the ST represents an effective option for end‐stage PD associated with ED and severe shortening of the shaft. Larger series and longer follow‐up will be required to fully establish the efficacy of this procedure.
Impact of frailty on complications in patients undergoing common urological procedures: a study from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement database
Authors: Suskind Anne M. , Walter Louise C. , Jin Chengshi , Boscardin John , Sen Saunak , Cooperberg Matthew R. , Finlayson Emily 
Published: December 2015

ObjectivesTo evaluate the association of frailty, a measure of diminished physiological reserve, with both major and minor surgical complications among patients undergoing urological surgery.Materials and MethodsUsing data from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) from 2007 to 2013, we identified all urological cases that appeared > 1000 times in the dataset among patients aged ≥40 years. Frailty was measured using the NSQIP frailty index (FI), a validated measure that includes 11 impairments, such as decreased functional status and impaired sensorium. We created multivariable logistic regression models using the NSQIP FI to assess major and minor complications after surgery.ResultsWe identified 95 108 urological cases representing 21 urological procedures. The average frequency of complications per individual was 11.7%, with the most common complications being hospital readmission (6.2%), blood transfusion (4.6%) and urinary tract infection (3.1%). Major and minor complications increased with increasing NSQIP FI. Frailty remained strongly associated with complications after adjustment for year, age, race, smoking status and method of anaesthesia (adjusted odds ratio 1.74 [95% confidence interval 1.64, 1.85] for an NSQIP FI ≥0.18). Increasing NSQIP FI was associated with increasing frequency of complications within age groups (by decade) up to age 81 years and across most procedures.ConclusionFrailty strongly correlates with risk of postoperative complications among patients undergoing urological surgery. This finding is true within most age groups and across most urological procedures.
PUBLIC GOODS AND THE DISSOLUTION OF STATES
Authors: Ellis Christopher , Friedrich Silke 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTWe present a simple model of the dissolution of states. We combine elements of the literature on the break‐up and integration of states based on models in the fiscal federalism tradition, with elements of the literature that explains the determination of a state's political institutions as a means to credibly promise redistributions in the face of costly, perhaps violent, redistributive conflict. We are able to characterize when the equilibrium involves the dissolution of a country, and when it involves continued unity. We are also able to explore some aspects of the linkages between political institutions and the determination of national boundaries.
High‐skilled immigrants—low‐skilled jobs: Challenging everyday health
Authors: Subedi Rajendra Prasad , Rosenberg Mark Warren 
Published: December 2015

Key Messages

Many skilled new immigrants in Canada are underutilizing their knowledge, skills, and experience.
Working in a low‐skilled job can produce a significant amount of stress for a skilled immigrant.
Occupational status, lifestyles, and health behaviour are the key determinants of immigrant health.
Desiccating stress-induced disruption of ocular surface immune tolerance drives dry eye disease
Authors: Guzmán M , Keitelman I , Sabbione F , Trevani A S , Giordano M N , Galletti J G 
Published: December 2015

Summary
Dry eye is an allegedly autoimmune disorder for which the initiating mechanisms and the targeted antigens in the ocular surface are not known, yet there is extensive evidence that a localized T helper type 1 (Th1)/Th17 effector T cell response is responsible for its pathogenesis. In this work, we explore the reconciling hypothesis that desiccating stress, which is usually considered an exacerbating factor, could actually be sufficient to skew the ocular surface's mucosal response to any antigen and therefore drive the disease. Using a mouse model of dry eye, we found that desiccating stress causes a nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)- and time-dependent disruption of the ocular surface's immune tolerance to exogenous ovalbumin. This pathogenic event is mediated by increased Th1 and Th17 T cells and reduced regulatory T cells in the draining lymph nodes. Conversely, topical NF-κB inhibitors reduced corneal epithelial damage and interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 levels in the ocular surface of mice under desiccating stress. The observed effect was mediated by an augmented regulatory T cell response, a finding that highlights the role of mucosal tolerance disruption in dry eye pathogenesis. Remarkably, the NF-κB pathway is also involved in mucosal tolerance disruption in other ocular surface disorders. Together, these results suggest that targeting of mucosal NF-κB activation could have therapeutic potential in dry eye.
Urinary symptoms and neurological disabilities are differentially correlated between multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica
Authors: Yamamoto Tatsuya , Mori Masahiro , Uzawa Akiyuki , Uchiyama Tomoyuki , Sakakibara Ryuji , Yanagisawa Mitsuru , Kuwabara Satoshi 
Published: December 2015

AbstractObjectiveIt is well‐known that bladder dysfunction is common in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Voiding dysfunction is remarkable in neuromyelitis optica (NMO). However, the difference in the urinary symptoms between MS and NMO remain unknown. We planned to elucidate the differences between the two conditions using a urinary symptoms questionnaire.MethodsWe recruited 34 patients with MS and 14 patients with NMO, who were examined at the Department of Neurology, Chiba University Hospital. We administered the following urinary symptom questionnaires: (i) Overactive Bladder Symptom Score (OABSS); and (b) International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS). Neurological (Evaluation of the Expanded Disability Status Scale) and neuroradiological examinations were also carried out.ResultsThe mean score of OABSS and IPSS tended to be higher in patients with NMO without statistical significance. The score of IPSS quality of life was significantly higher in patients with NMO. A positive correlation was found between the Evaluation of the Expanded Disability Status Scale and IPSS scores in patients with MS, whereas a negative correlation was found between the Evaluation of the Expanded Disability Status Scale and IPSS scores in patients with NMO. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the presence of a cervical spinal cord lesion and the central lesion involving gray matter was associated with the severity of urinary symptoms.ConclusionsThe urinary symptoms tended to be more severe in patients with NMO as compared with patients with MS. The urinary symptoms and neurological disabilities seemed to be differentially correlated between patients with MS and those with NMO.
Indications, diagnostic yield, and complication rate of balloon‐assisted enteroscopy during the first decade of its use in Korea
Authors: Hong Sung Noh , Kim Eun Ran , Ye Byong Duk , Jang Hyun Joo , Jeon Seong Ran , Park Soo Jung , Im Jong Pil , Kim Jeong Hwan , Choi Chang Hwan , Choi Hwang , Chang Dong Kyung ,   Small Intestine Research Group of the Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases (KASID)
Published: December 2015

Background and AimPrevious studies that addressed the outcome of balloon‐assisted enteroscopy (BAE) were based on its early experience. The accumulated BAE experience over the last decade might affect its pattern of use and outcome. In order to evaluate the changes of BAE practice over time, we compared the indications, diagnostic yield, and complication rate between the early and late stages of BAE implementation.MethodsThis multicenter study analyzed BAE‐related factors of 1108 BAE procedures carried out in 860 patients and compared BAE done at an earlier stage (January 2004–August 2008) to those carried out at a later stage (September 2008–February 2013).ResultsThe most common indication for BAE was obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (58.3%). In the early stage, BAE to assess unexplained symptoms/signs was more common (18.8% vs 9.7%), whereas BAE to confirm abnormal findings of imaging studies was more common in the late stage (9.4% vs 18.8%, P < 0.001). Overall diagnostic yield of BAE was 74.6% (95% CI, 72.0–77.1%). There was no significant difference in the diagnostic yield between the early and late stages (72.2% vs 77.0%, P = 0.073). BAE‐associated complications occurred in 12 procedures (1.1%; 95% CI, 0.6–1.9%). The complication rate decreased significantly in the late stage compared to that during in the early stage (1.8% vs 0.4%, P = 0.020).ConclusionBAE is a safe and useful tool for the diagnosis and management of small bowel disease. With time, the indications for BAE have become more specific and the BAE‐associated complication rate has decreased.