bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fast failure detection and recovery in SDN with stateful data plane
Authors: Cascone Carmelo , Sanvito Davide , Pollini Luca , Capone Antonio , Sansò Brunilde 
Published: November 2016

SUMMARYWhen dealing with node or link failures in software‐defined networking (SDN), the network capability to establish an alternative path depends on controller reachability and on the round‐trip times between controller and involved switches. Moreover, current SDN data plane abstractions for failure detection, such as OpenFlow “Fast‐failover,” do not allow programmers to tweak switches' detection mechanism, thus leaving SDN operators relying on proprietary management interfaces (when available) to achieve guaranteed detection and recovery delays. We propose SPIDER, an OpenFlow‐like pipeline design that provides (i) a detection mechanism based on switches' periodic link probing and (ii) fast reroute of traffic flows even in the case of distant failures, regardless of controller availability. SPIDER is based on stateful data plane abstractions such as OpenState or P4, and it offers guaranteed short (few milliseconds or less) failure detection and recovery delays, with a configurable trade‐off between overhead and failover responsiveness. We present here the SPIDER pipeline design, behavioral model, and analysis on flow tables' memory impact. We also implemented and experimentally validated SPIDER using OpenState (an OpenFlow 1.3 extension for stateful packet processing) and P4, showing numerical results on its performance in terms of recovery latency and packet loss.
Neurodevelopmental disorders are highly over‐represented in children with obesity: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Wentz Elisabet , Björk Anna , Dahlgren Jovanna 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveTo investigate prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders in children with obesity and to compare body mass index (BMI) and metabolic profile in the children.MethodsSeventy‐six children (37 girls, 39 boys) were consecutively recruited from a university outpatient clinic specialized in severe obesity. Neurodevelopmental disorders including attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and developmental coordination disorder (DCD) were assessed using interviews and questionnaires. Neurodevelopmental diagnoses were collected retrospectively in medical records.ResultsBMI ranged between 1.9 and 5.9 SDS and age between 5.1 and 16.5 years. In 13.2% and 18.4% ASD and ADHD was assigned, respectively. In addition, 25% screened positive for DCD, 31.6% had at least one neurodevelopmental disorder, and 18.4% had a parent who screened positive for adult ADHD. Girls with ASD/ADHD had higher BMI SDS than girls without neurodevelopmental disorder (P = 0.006).ConclusionsOne third of children with obesity referred to specialist centers have a neurodevelopmental disorder including deviant motor skills, and these problems may deteriorate weight status. One fifth of the parents exhibit ADHD symptomatology which could partly explain the poor adherence by some families in obesity units. Future obesity therapy could benefit from incorporating a neurodevelopmental treatment approach.
A prospective randomized trial comparing piperacillin/tazobactam with meropenem as empirical antibiotic treatment of febrile neutropenic children and adolescents with hematologic and malignant disorders
Authors: Sano Hirozumi , Kobayashi Ryoji , Suzuki Daisuke , Hori Daiki , Kishimoto Kenji , Kobayashi Kunihiko 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundThis randomized prospective study was designed to assess whether piperacillin/tazobactam (PIPC/TAZ) is as effective as meropenem (MEPM) as a first‐line antibiotic treatment for febrile neutropenia (FN).ProcedureFN episodes were randomly assigned to receive either PIPC/TAZ (337.5 mg/kg per day in three doses, 1‐hr DIV, maximum 13.5 g per day) or MEPM (120 mg/kg per day in three doses, 1‐hr DIV, maximum 3 g per day). Clinical responses were evaluated 120 hr after the DIV.ResultsA total of 434 febrile episodes in 105 patients (42 females and 63 males) with a median age of 8 years (range 0–25) were included in this trial. Blood cultures were positive in 47 out of the 434 episodes (10.8%). Regarding responses to the treatment, success rates between the PIPC/TAZ and MEPM groups were similar (62.4 vs. 65.9%, P = 0.484), even if patients were restricted to those with bacteremia (26.1 vs 37.5%, P = 0.534). Mortality rates did not significantly differ between the two groups (0.8 vs. 0%, P = 0.500).ConclusionBoth PIPC/TAZ and MEPM appeared to be equally efficacious and safe. Carbapenems are now broadly used to treat FN; however, this may increase the prevalence of drug‐resistant bacteria. In this regard, the treatment using PIPC/TAZ for FN is more beneficial.
Biocompatible polymers as a tool for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles: size tuning and in vitro cytotoxicity studies
Authors: Debnath Dipen , Lee Yeonju , Geckeler Kurt E 
Published: November 2016

AbstractSilver nanoparticles have attracted great attention in the biomedical research field, especially in cancer theranostics. In this study, we developed a synthesis method for silver nanoparticles in the solid state using high‐speed vibration milling, in which biocompatible polymers such as poly(vinylpyrrolidone), poly(ethylene glycol) and chitosan were used for the reduction of the silver salt. The synthesis of the size‐tunable silver nanoparticles was performed at room temperature and no surfactants to direct the anisotropic growth of the nanoparticles were required. The formation of the nanoparticles was studied using UV‐visible and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy as well as transmission electron microscopy. The synthesized nanoparticles showed an average diameter ranging from 3.1 ± 1.4 to 22.8 ± 5.8 nm. In addition, the anticancer activity of these silver nanoparticles was assessed using cytotoxicity studies with human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF‐7), human lung adenocarcinoma (NCI‐H358) and mouse embryonic fibroblast (NIH‐3T3) cell lines. Accordingly, an effective suppression of the proliferation of cell growth was found. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
New Squaraine‐based two‐component initiation systems for UV‐blue light induced radical polymerization: Kinetic and time‐resolved laser spectroscopy studies
Authors: Kabatc Janina , Kostrzewska Katarzyna , Jurek Katarzyna , Kozak Martyna , Balcerak Alicja , Orzeł Łukasz 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTIn this article, the ability of two‐component photoinitiator systems for efficient polymerization of 2‐ethyl‐2‐(hydroxymethyl)−1,3‐propanediol triacrylate was presented. The photophysics and photochemistry of squaraine dyes in the presence of an electron donor as well as an electron acceptor was investigated, and it was found that the photosensitizer in an excited state might act as an electron acceptor or an electron donor. The excited states of squaraines may be quenched by tetramethylammonium n‐butyltriphenylborate (B2), diphenyliodonium chloride (I1), and N‐methoxy‐4‐phenylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate (NO). © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 471–484
Disseminated BCG pneumonitis revealing severe combined immunodeficiencyxs in CHARGE syndrome
Authors: Kim Hyung Young , Kim Yoo‐Mi , Park Hee Ju 
Published: November 2016

SummaryCHARGE (coloboma, heart defect, atresia choanae, retarded growth and development, genital hypoplasia, and ear anomalies/deafness) syndrome is a rare genetic disorder caused by CHD7 mutation and is related to immunodeficiency. A 6‐month‐old girl with right lung agenesis, congenital heart defects, and ear anomalies developed repeated and serious respiratory infection for a short period. She was clinically diagnosed with typical CHARGE syndrome with severe combined immunodeficiency (T−, B+, NK−); however, CHD7 mutation was not detected. Disseminated BCG infection did not resolve despite administration of anti‐tuberculosis drugs and intravenous immune globulins, and she subsequently died of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017;52:E4–E6. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On the Use of Attributes to Manage Requirements
Authors: Wheatcraft Louis S. , Ryan Michael J. , Dick Jeremy 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTThere are many sources in systems engineering and requirements engineering that use the term “attribute,” but few define the term and fewer actually go into any detail regarding how the attributes might be applied to requirement statements. This paper addresses the inconsistent definition and use of the term as part of the systems engineering and requirements engineering processes. We discuss the importance of defining requirement attributes and offer a useful definition. We provide a possible list of attributes along with their meaning, in order to provide a useful set of attributes that organizations may include with requirement expressions to manage better their requirements. Finally, we discuss how attributes can be used to manage not only requirements and sets of requirements, but also the project.
Magnitude of change in fetal cerebroplacental ratio in third trimester and risk of adverse pregnancy outcome
Authors: Flatley C. , Greer R. M. , Kumar S. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo evaluate whether the magnitude of change in the cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) after 30 weeks' gestation is a better predictor of adverse pregnancy outcome compared with a single CPR measurement at 35–37 weeks. A secondary aim was to evaluate whether the utility of CPR at 35–37 weeks was enhanced after adjusting for change in gestational age.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of women who had at least two ultrasound scans between 30 and 37 weeks' gestation, with the final scan at 35–37 weeks. Exclusion criteria were major congenital abnormality, aneuploidy, multiple pregnancy and unknown middle cerebral artery pulsatility index or umbilical artery pulsatility index. A normal reference range for CPR was derived from a separate cohort of women with normal outcome and a Generalised Additive Model for Location, Scale and Shape was fitted to derive standardized centiles. These reference centiles were then used to calculate Z‐scores for the study cohort. Logistic regression models and receiver–operating characteristics (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the predictive utility of CPR Z‐score at last CPR measurement and the change in CPR on mode of delivery, neonatal outcome and composite neonatal outcome. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for each model was compared before and after adjustment for parity, hypertension, diabetes, body mass index and smoking status.ResultsA total of 1860 women met the inclusion criteria. There was no association between the magnitude of change in CPR and composite adverse pregnancy outcome (P = 0.92). Of the outcomes that made up the composite, an increase in CPR Z‐score over time was associated with a lower risk for emergency Cesarean delivery (P < 0.001) and emergency Cesarean delivery for non‐reassuring fetal status (P = 0.02). It was also associated with a lower risk of birth weight < 10th centile (P = 0.01) and hypoglycemia (P = 0.001). There was no significant difference between the AUCs of last CPR Z‐score and last CPR Z‐score adjusted for the change in gestational age in predicting pregnancies at risk for adverse outcome.ConclusionsOur results suggest that both the individual CPR Z‐score and the magnitude and direction of change in CPR Z‐score can identify pregnancies at risk of various adverse perinatal outcomes. However, the CPR Z‐score at 35–37 weeks' gestation appears to be a better predictor. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Gyrotron‐Forschung und ‐Entwicklung am KIT
Authors: Jelonnek John , Gantenbein Gerd , Avramidis Konstantinos , Franck Joachim , Illy Stefan , Ioannidis Zisis , Jin Jianbo , Kalaria Parth , Pagonakis Ioannis , Ruess Sebastian , Rzesnicki Tomasz , Scherer Theo , Schmid Martin , Strauss Dirk , Wu Chuanren , Thumm Manfred 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn Zukunft soll mit Fusionskraftwerken die Erzeugung von umweltfreundlicher, grundlastfähiger Energie gelingen. Dabei wird die Elektronen‐Zyklotron‐Heizung, deren Quelle das Gyrotron ist, verwendet, um das Fusionsplasma auf Fusionstemperaturen zu erhitzen. Zusammen mit Partnern aus Europa entwickelt das Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) bereits heute Gyrotrons für den Stellarator W7‐X und den Tokamak ITER, die Leistungen im Megawattbereich bei 140 GHz und 170 GHz im Dauerstrichbetrieb erzeugen. Für zukünftige Kraftwerke werden Leistungen im Multi‐Megawattbereich bei über 200 GHz benötigt. Am KIT werden dazu neue Konzepte erforscht und Schlüsselkomponenten weiterentwickelt. In diesem Beitrag wird auf die systematische Auslegung von Gyrotrons für das Demonstrationskraftwerk DEMO, die Entwicklung von Schlüsselkomponenten und das modulare Testkonzept eingegangen. Dazu gehört der KIT‐Teststand, der den Anforderungen die zukünftige Multi‐MW‐Gyrotrons stellen, entsprechend, erweitert wird. Bezüglich ihrer Breite sind die Arbeiten am KIT europaweit einzigartig. Zusammen mit den Forschungspartnern und dem Industriepartner Thales Electron Devices wird die gesamte Breite in der Entwicklung und Fertigung abgedeckt, um eine der Schlüsselkomponenten für die Kernfusionskraftwerke, das Gyrotron, zu fertigen.
Taxing Higher Incomes: What Makes the High-Income Earners Consent to More Progressive Taxation in Latin America?
Authors: Berens Sarah , von Schiller Armin 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWhen do high-income earners get ‘on board’ with the fiscal contract and accept paying a larger share of the tax burden? Progressive taxes perform particularly poorly in developing countries. We argue that the common opposition of the affluent to more progressive taxation is not merely connected to administrative limitations to coercively enforce compliance, but also to the uncertainty that high-income earners associate with the returns to taxes. Because coercion is not an option, there is a need to convince high-income earners to ‘invest’ in the public system via taxes. Trust in institutions is decisive for the fiscal contract. Expecting that paid contributions will be used in a sensible manner, high-income earners will be more supportive of progressive income taxation. We study tax composition preferences of a cross-section of Latin American countries using public opinion data from LAPOP for 2012. Findings reveal that higher levels of trust in political institutions strongly mitigate the opposition of the affluent towards more progressive taxation.
Rapid Methods for Frying Oil Quality Determination: Evaluation with Respect to Legislation Criteria
Authors: Kalogianni Eleni P. , Georgiou Despoina , Romaidi Maria , Exarhopoulos Stylianos , Petridis Dimitris , Karastogiannidou Calliope , Dimitreli Georgia , Karakosta Paraskevi 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis work focuses on the evaluation of commercially available rapid methods for determining frying oil quality. Five rapid methods differing in principle were selected: FOM320 (Ebro), PCT120 (3M), LRSM (3M), Fritest (Merck) and Viscofrit (Viscofrit). The performance of the methods was examined by use of 184 oil samples produced by controlled frying experiments. Twelve series of frying experiments (45 batches each) were performed in which the oil type (palm, sunflower and olive) and the food type (potatoes, zucchini and minced beef meat) varied. Control thermal oxidation experiments with the same oil types were also performed. Results of the rapid methods were compared to results of analytical methods determining legislation criteria. Namely, the total polar compounds and total polymer compounds were determined using High Pressure Size Exclusion Chromatography with and without prior separation of the polar fraction. Furthermore, determination of the free fatty acid concentration, acidity, viscosity and level of oxidation of the oils using UV spectroscopy were carried out. Principal component analysis and linear regression analysis were used in order to assess the obtained results. Comparison of the results of the rapid methods with the analytical ones showed differences in most examined cases. For many of the examined rapid methods the agreement of the results versus those of analytical methods depended on the food‐oil combination used in the frying experiments.
The Role of the Perioperative Nurse in Improving Surgical Patients' Clinical Outcomes and Satisfaction: Beyond Medication
Authors: Bruckenthal Patricia , Simpson Melanie H. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractFor the perioperative nurse, the management of postsurgical pain includes various responsibilities, such as performing postsurgical pain assessments as an essential first step, facilitating recovery from surgery, and maximizing patient satisfaction during the postsurgical period. In addition, nurses are responsible for providing patient education regarding pain management, the quality of which may strongly influence patient satisfaction. External and internal challenges exist in perioperative care processes, however, and addressing these challenges will promote the overall goal of providing high‐quality care.
The Current State of Perioperative Pain Management: Challenges and Potential Opportunities for Nurses
Authors: Simpson Melanie H. , Bruckenthal Patricia 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAchievement of adequate postoperative pain management is a critical challenge in health care, with an estimated three out of four adult surgical patients reporting moderate to extreme pain after surgery. Overreliance on opioids in acute care settings has persisted, despite well‐known adverse side effects frequently associated with this class of drugs. Furthermore, patients with a history of chronic opioid use present additional challenges in terms of postsurgical pain management. Advances in the development of newer analgesic agents and anesthetic techniques may be useful in surgical patients with a history of chronic opioid use and in the overall surgical patient population. Systemic inefficiencies and problematic medical practice patterns can also have negative effects on perioperative pain management. As the surgical patient's primary advocate, perioperative nurses play an important role in overcoming these diverse challenges and addressing the problems associated with inadequately controlled postsurgical pain.
Functional analysis of a NF-κB transcription factor in the immune defense of Oriental fruit fly,Bactrocera dorsalisHendel (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Shi Z. , Liang H. , Hou Y. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAlthough some novel antimicrobial peptides (AMP) have been successfully isolated fromBactrocera dorsalisHendel, the mechanisms underlying the induction of these peptides are still elusive. The homolog of NF-κB transcription factor Relish, designated as BdRelish, was cloned fromB. dorsalis. The full length cDNA of BdRelishis 3954 bp with an open reading frame that encodes 1013 amino acids. Similar toDrosophilaRelish and the mammalian p100, it is a compound protein containing a conserved Rel homology domain, an IPT (Ig-like, plexins, transcription factors) domain and an IκB-like domain (four ankyrin repeats), the nuclear localization signal RKRRR is also detected at the residues 449–453, suggesting that it has homology to Relish and it is a member of the Rel family of transcription activator proteins. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis reveals that BdRelishmRNAs are detected in different quantities from various tissues and the highest transcription level of BdRelishis determined in fat body. The injection challenge ofEscherichia coliandStaphylococcus aureassignificantly upregulated the expression of BdRelish. The injection of BdRelishdsRNA markedly reduced the expression of BdRelishand decreased the transcription magnitude of antimicrobial peptides. Individuals injected BdRelishdsRNA died at a significantly faster rate compared with the control groups. Therefore, BdRelishis vital for the transcription of AMPs to attack the invading bacteria.
LGBT Rights in Malawi: One Step Back, Two Steps Forward? The Case of R v Steven Monjeza Soko and Tiwonge Chimbalanga Kachepa
Authors: Demone Bradley 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn late 2009 two Malawians, a man and a transgender woman, united in an engagement ceremony. Police charged both under Malawi's anti-sodomy provisions. The case captured the nation's attention and drew scrutiny from foreign governments and human rights organizations. Several western nations threatened to withdraw aid unless the prosecution was discontinued. Nevertheless, the defendants were convicted and sentenced. Following a visit from the UN secretary general, Malawi's president pardoned the couple, but emphasized that the “two gay boys” had offended Malawi and its people. This article examines this case (R v Soko and Kachepa) and its impact on Malawi's LGBT rights movement. Using Thomas Stoddard's “rule-shifting, culture-shifting” paradigm, it considers the efficacy of international and domestic advocacy efforts and concludes that aid conditionality is, in many ways, counter productive. Conversely, multi-dimensional domestic advocacy is a promising strategy to change the relevant law and public attitudes associated with the Malawian LGBT community.
Statistical strategies for multiple testing in the safety evaluation of a genetically modified crop
Authors: VAHL C. I. , KANG Q. 
Published: November 2016

SUMMARYHazard identification is the first step in assessing the risk of a genetically modified (GM) crop. It employs the concept of substantial equivalence to evaluate crop safety. The current process relies on subjective opinions to integrate various comparisons among the GM crop, the non-GM counterpart and an assortment of non-GM references over an array of key endpoints measured in field trials. The pre-eminent need to control the consumer's risk in hazard identification has been left unaddressed. The current paper develops statistical strategies to resolve this issue. Hypotheses of individual tests are explicitly defined to reflect the study objectives. They are then grouped into families and connected by logical operators according to decision rules commonly used in crop safety evaluation. This pre-specification of hypotheses arranged in an organized layout leads to a simple, transparent decision-making process where the consumer's risk can be managed directly. A two-stage multiplicity adjustment procedure is created by applying fundamental principles for multiple testing to the newly assembled families of hypotheses. The practical utility of the proposed procedure is shown in a real-world example. Besides being easy to implement and convey, the proposed statistical strategies accommodate the addition of supportive evidence for safety and allow the nature of the genetic modification to be taken into account.