bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flex Robotic System in transoral robotic surgery: The first 40 patients
Authors: Mattheis Stefan , Hasskamp Pia , Holtmann Laura , Schäfer Christina , Geisthoff Urban , Dominas Nina , Lang Stephan 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe Flex Robotic System is a new robotic device specifically developed for transoral robotic surgery (TORS).MethodsWe performed a prospective clinical study, assessing the safety and efficacy of the Medrobotics Flex Robotic System. A total of 40 patients required a surgical procedure for benign lesions (n = 30) or T1 and T2 carcinomas (n = 10). Access and visualization of different anatomic subsites were individually graded by the surgeon. Setup times, access and visualization times, surgical results, as well as adverse events were documented intraoperatively.ResultsThe lesions could be exposed and visualized properly in 38 patients (95%) who went on to have a surgical procedure performed with the Flex Robotic System, which were intraoperatively evaluated as successful. No serious adverse events occurred.ConclusionLesions in the oropharynx, hypopharynx, or supraglottic larynx could be successfully resected using the Flex Robotic System, thus making the system a safe and effective tool in transoral robotic surgery. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 471–475, 2017
Oligomer Formation and Cross‐Seeding: The New Frontier
Authors: Farmer Kathleen , Gerson Julia E. , Kayed Rakez 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe accumulation of protein aggregates in the brain is a defining feature of a number of neurodegenerative diseases. Though diseases vary in the composition of aggregated proteins (amyloid‐β and tau are primarily implicated in Alzheimer's disease, α‐synuclein is the primary protein aggregate in Parkinson's disease, etc.), similarities in the formation of soluble intermediate aggregates, some of which go on to deposit in stable fibrillar structures, suggests that the protein sequence may be far less important than the aggregate conformation to toxicity and onset of disease. Growing evidence suggests that intermediate or independently formed oligomeric aggregates are more highly toxic than fibrils, and are more efficient seeds for the aggregation of endogenous protein. Furthermore, the overlap of different aggregated proteins in disease, as well as the ability of amyloid oligomers to cross‐seed the aggregation of each other, suggests that synergistic interactions between varying aggregant proteins is a critical component in neurodegeneration. The progression of aggregates along defined pathways throughout the brain is crucial to the spread of disease and likely depends upon the transport of aggregates from affected to unaffected brain regions. Thus, the presence of oligomeric seeds that more efficiently seed the aggregation of homologous and diverse proteins may underlie neurodegeneration.
Effect of System of Rice Intensification on Water Productivity and NPS Pollution Discharge
Authors: Park Woonji , Seo Jiyeon , Choi Yonghun , Kim Gunyeob , Yun Dongkoun , Jeong Wongu , Lee Suin 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPaddy fields comprise the single largest land use in Korea, occupying nearly 60% of arable land, consuming about 56% of the nation's water supply, and discharging a significant amount of agricultural non‐point source (NPS) pollution to public waters. Rural water resources conservation, the improvement of irrigation water productivity (IWP) and the reduction of NPS pollution from paddy fields are important issues in Korea. To quantify the issue, a field‐size rice‐plot study was conducted for 3 years comparing the treatment of a system of rice intensification (SRI) irrigation management and a conventional practice (CT). The SRI reduced the irrigation requirement at field level by 50% compared to the CT. The IWP of the SRI improved by an average of 94% over that of the CT. The average reductions of the NPS pollutants by SRI was 44.4% (BOD), 38.6% (SS), 35.3% (CODMn), 28.3% (CODCr), 23.8% (TN) and 36.3% (TN). The SRI treatment was concluded to have contributed to healthy rice plant growth, improvement of IWP and reduction of agricultural NPS pollution from paddy fields, which could significantly conserve rural water resources and improve water quality in Korea. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
α5GABAA Receptors Mediate Tonic Inhibition in the Spinal Cord Dorsal Horn and Contribute to the Resolution Of Hyperalgesia
Authors: Perez‐Sanchez Jimena , Lorenzo Louis‐Etienne , Lecker Irene , Zurek Agnieszka A. , Labrakakis Charalampos , Bridgwater Erica M. , Orser Beverley A. , De Koninck Yves , Bonin Robert P. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractNeuronal inhibition mediated by GABAA receptors constrains nociceptive processing in the spinal cord, and loss of GABAergic inhibition can produce allodynia and hyperalgesia. Extrasynaptic α5 subunit‐containing GABAA receptors (α5GABAARs) generate a tonic conductance that inhibits neuronal activity and constrains learning and memory; however, it is unclear whether α5GABAARs similarly generate a tonic conductance in the spinal cord dorsal horn to constrain nociception. We assessed the distribution of α5GABAARs in the spinal cord dorsal horn by immunohistochemical analysis, and the activity and function of α5GABAARs in neurons of the superficial dorsal horn using electrophysiological and behavioral approaches in male, null‐mutant mice lacking the GABAAR α5 subunit (Gabra5−/−) and wild‐type mice (WT). The expression of α5GABAARs in the superficial dorsal horn followed a laminar pattern of distribution, with a higher expression in lamina II than lamina I. Similarly, the tonic GABAA current in lamina II neurons had a larger contribution from α5GABAARs than in lamina I, with no significant contribution of these receptors to synaptic GABAA current. In behavioural tests, WT and Gabra5−/− mice exhibited similar acute thermal and mechanical nociception, and similar mechanical sensitization immediately following intraplantar capsaicin or Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA). However, Gabra5−/− mice showed prolonged recovery from sensitization in these models, and increased responses in the late phase of the formalin test. Overall, our data suggest that tonically‐active α5GABAARs in the spinal cord dorsal horn accelerate the resolution of hyperalgesia and may therefore serve as a novel therapeutic target to promote recovery from pathological pain. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quality and outcomes of synchronous two‐team Ivor–Lewis oesophagectomy: Revisiting a variant technique
Authors: Hummel Richard , Mees Soeren Torge , Smith Lorelle , Jamieson Glyn G. , Kiroff George , Shenfine Jonathan 
Published: October 2016

Background and ObjectivesIn 1975, a modification of popular two‐stage Ivor–Lewis oesophagectomy was published with synchronous resection in chest and abdomen. As data on this technique are rare and inconsistent, we aimed to investigate safety, feasibility, and outcome of this approach.MethodsOutcome of 201 patients undergoing synchronous oesophagectomy from 2000 to 2013 was analysed retrospectively. Two groups (early: 2000–2006; late: 2007–2013) were analysed to allow comparison of outcome over time.ResultsPatients in the later period had fewer respiratory comorbidities (P = 0.010), median blood loss decreased significantly over time while lymph node yield increased (P < 0.001). Overall complications occurred in 58.9 (early) versus 51.7% (late) of patients (P = 0.320), anastomotic leaks in 14.3 versus 6.7% (P = 0.112), respiratory complications in 48.2 versus 34.8% (P = 0.063). Thirty‐day/90‐day mortality was 2.7% versus 3.4, respectively, 8.1% versus 6.8% (P ≤ 0.793). Long‐term survival was better in the later cohort (P = 0.004).ConclusionsOur data of 201 patients over a period of 14 years suggests that this technique is a quick, feasible, safe, and reasonable alternative to standard two‐stage Ivor–Lewis oesophagectomy. Quality of this approach and ultimate outcomes have improved over time, with similar complication rates/outcomes to literature accepted standards for two‐stage approach, especially in the later time period. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;114:719–724. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Self‐Assembled Peptide‐Based Hydrogels as Scaffolds for Proliferation and Multi‐Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Wang Yung‐Li , Lin Shih‐Pei , Nelli Srinivasa Rao , Zhan Fu‐Kai , Cheng Hsun , Lai Tsung‐Sheng , Yeh Mei‐Yu , Lin Hsin‐Chieh , Hung Shih‐Chieh 
Published: October 2016

Fluorenyl‐9‐methoxycarbonyl (Fmoc)‐diphenylalanine (Fmoc‐FF) and Fmoc‐arginine‐glycine‐­aspartate (Fmoc‐RGD) peptides self‐assemble to form a 3D network of supramolecular hydrogel (Fmoc‐FF/Fmoc‐RGD), which provides a nanofibrous network that uniquely presents bioactive ligands at the fiber surface for cell attachment. In the present study, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in Fmoc‐FF/Fmoc‐RGD hydrogel increase in proliferation and survival compared to those in Fmoc‐FF/Fmoc‐RGE hydrogel. Moreover, MSCs encapsulated in Fmoc‐FF/Fmoc‐RGD hydrogel and induced in each defined induction medium undergo in vitro osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation. For in vivo differentiation, MSCs encapsulated in hydrogel are induced in each defined medium for one week, followed by injection into gelatin sponges and transplantation into immunodeficient mice for four weeks. MSCs in Fmoc‐FF/Fmoc‐RGD hydrogel increase in differentiation into osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation, compared to those in Fmoc‐FF/Fmoc‐RGE hydrogel. This study concludes that nanofibers formed by the self‐assembly of Fmoc‐FF and Fmoc‐RGD are suitable for the attachment, proliferation, and multi‐differentiation of MSCs, and can be applied in musculoskeletal tissue engineering.
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Metal‐Free Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate with ppm Level of Organic Photocatalyst
Authors: Huang Zhicheng , Gu Yu , Liu Xiaodong , Zhang Lifen , Cheng Zhenping , Zhu Xiulin 
Published: October 2016

It is well known that the recently developed photoinduced metal‐free atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) has been considered as a promising methodology to completely eliminate transition metal residue in polymers. However, a serious problem needs to be improved, namely, large amount of organic photocatalysts should be used to keep the controllability over molecular weights and molecular weight distributions. In this work, a novel photocatalyst 1,2,3,5‐tetrakis(carbazol‐9‐yl)‐4,6‐dicyanobenzene (4CzIPN) with strong excited state reduction potential is successfully used to mediate a metal‐free ATRP of methyl methacrylate just with parts per million (ppm) level usage under irradiation of blue light emitting diode at room temperature, using ethyl α‐bromophenyl‐acetate as a typical initiator with high initiator efficiency. The polymerization kinetic study, multiple controlled “on–off” light switching cycle regulation, and chain extension experiment confirm the “living”/controlled features of this promising photoinduced metal‐free ATRP system with good molecular weight control in the presence of ppm level photocatalyst 4CzIPN.
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Boundedness in a quasilinear chemotaxis‐haptotaxis system with logistic source
Authors: Wang Liangchen , Mu Chunlai , Hu Xuegang , Tian Ya 
Published: October 2016

This paper studies the chemotaxis‐haptotaxis system with nonlinear diffusion

urn:x-wiley:mma:media:mma4216:mma4216-math-0001
subject to the homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions and suitable initial conditions, where χ, ξ and μ are positive constants, and
(n⩾2) is a bounded and smooth domain. Here, we assume that D(u)⩾cDum − 1 for all u > 0 with some cD > 0 and m⩾1. For the case of non‐degenerate diffusion, if μ > μ∗, where

urn:x-wiley:mma:media:mma4216:mma4216-math-0003
it is proved that the system possesses global classical solutions which are uniformly‐in‐time bounded. In the case of degenerate diffusion, we show that the system admits a global bounded weak solution under the same assumptions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Advancing RF pulse design using an open‐competition format: Report from the 2015 ISMRM challenge
Authors: Grissom William A. , Setsompop Kawin , Hurley Samuel A. , Tsao Jeffrey , Velikina Julia V. , Samsonov Alexey A. 
Published: October 2016

PurposeTo advance the best solutions to two important RF pulse design problems with an open head‐to‐head competition.MethodsTwo sub‐challenges were formulated in which contestants competed to design the shortest simultaneous multislice (SMS) refocusing pulses and slice‐selective parallel transmission (pTx) excitation pulses, subject to realistic hardware and safety constraints. Short refocusing pulses are needed for spin echo SMS imaging at high multiband factors, and short slice‐selective pTx pulses are needed for multislice imaging in ultra‐high field MRI. Each sub‐challenge comprised two phases, in which the first phase posed problems with a low barrier of entry, and the second phase encouraged solutions that performed well in general. The Challenge ran from October 2015 to May 2016.ResultsThe pTx Challenge winners developed a spokes pulse design method that combined variable‐rate selective excitation with an efficient method to enforce SAR constraints, which achieved 10.6 times shorter pulse durations than conventional approaches. The SMS Challenge winners developed a time‐optimal control multiband pulse design algorithm that achieved 5.1 times shorter pulse durations than conventional approaches.ConclusionThe Challenge led to rapid step improvements in solutions to significant problems in RF excitation for SMS imaging and ultra‐high field MRI. Magn Reson Med 78:1352–1361, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Signal‐to‐noise ratio, T2, and for hyperpolarized helium‐3 MRI of the human lung at three magnetic field strengths
Authors: Komlosi Peter , Altes Talissa A. , Qing Kun , Mooney Karen E. , Miller G. Wilson , Mata Jaime F. , de Lange Eduard E. , Tobias William A. , Cates Gordon D. , Mugler John P. 
Published: October 2016

PurposeTo evaluate T2,
, and signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) for hyperpolarized helium‐3 (3He) MRI of the human lung at three magnetic field strengths ranging from 0.43T to 1.5T.MethodsSixteen healthy volunteers were imaged using a commercial whole body scanner at 0.43T, 0.79T, and 1.5T. Whole‐lung T2 values were calculated from a Carr‐Purcell‐Meiboom‐Gill spin‐echo‐train acquisition.
maps and SNR were determined from dual‐echo and single‐echo gradient‐echo images, respectively. Mean whole‐lung SNR values were normalized by ventilated lung volume and administered 3He dose.ResultsAs expected, T2 and
values demonstrated a significant inverse relationship to field strength. Hyperpolarized 3He images acquired at all three field strengths had comparable SNR values and thus appeared visually very similar. Nonetheless, the relatively small SNR differences among field strengths were statistically significant.ConclusionsHyperpolarized 3He images of the human lung with similar image quality were obtained at three field strengths ranging from 0.43T and 1.5T. The decrease in susceptibility effects at lower fields that are reflected in longer T2 and
values may be advantageous for optimizing pulse sequences inherently sensitive to such effects. The three‐fold increase in
at lower field strength would allow lower receiver bandwidths, providing a concomitant decrease in noise and relative increase in SNR. Magn Reson Med 78:1458–1463, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
A randomized controlled trial on the long‐term effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation training, on pain‐related outcomes and back muscle activity, in patients with chronic low back pain
Authors: Areeudomwong Pattanasin , Wongrat Witchayut , Neammesri Nertnapa , Thongsakul Thanaporn 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe role of exercise therapy in improving pain‐related clinical outcomes and trunk muscle activity in patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP) has been widely reported. There is little information on the effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) training in patients with CLBP. The purpose of the present study was therefore to investigate the persistence of the effects of PNF training on pain intensity, functional disability, patient satisfaction, health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) and lower back muscle activity in patients with CLBP.MethodsForty‐two participants with CLBP were randomly assigned either to 4‐week PNF training or to a control group receiving a Low back pain educational booklet. Pain‐related outcomes, including pain intensity, functional disability, patient satisfaction, HRQOL and lumbar erector spinae (LES) muscle activity, were measured before and after the intervention, and at a follow‐up session 12 weeks after the last intervention session.ResultsCompared with the control group, after undergoing a 4‐week PNF training intervention, participants showed a significant reduction in pain intensity and functional disability, and improved patient satisfaction and HRQOL (p < 0.01). These effects were still significant at the 12‐week follow‐up assessment (p < 0.01). LES muscle activity in the PNF training group was significantly increased throughout the measurement periods compared with controls (p < 0.01).ConclusionsThe study found that 4‐week PNF training has positive long‐term effects on pain‐related outcomes, and increases lower back muscle activity in patients with CLBP.
Bounds for decoupled design and analysis discretizations in topology optimization
Authors: Gupta D. K. , van der Veen G. J. , Aragón A. M. , Langelaar M. , van Keulen F. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryTopology optimization formulations using multiple design variables per finite element have been proposed to improve the design resolution. This paper discusses the relation between the number of design variables per element and the order of the elements used for analysis. We derive that beyond a maximum number of design variables, certain sets of material distributions cannot be discriminated based on the corresponding analysis results. This makes the design description inefficient and the solution of the optimization problem non‐unique. To prevent this, we establish bounds for the maximum number of design variables that can be used to describe the material distribution for any given finite element scheme without introducing non‐uniqueness. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Lewis‐Acid‐assisted Hydrogen Atom Transfer to Manganese(V)‐Oxo Corrole through Valence Tautomerization
Authors: Bougher Curt J. , Abu‐Omar Mahdi M. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe kinetics of formation of the valence tautomers (tpfc⋅)MnIV(O−LA)]n+ [where LA=ZnII, CaII, ScIII, YbIII, B(C6F5)3, and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA); tpfc=5,10,15‐tris(pentafluorophenyl) corrole] from (tpfc)MnV(O) were followed by UV/Vis spectroscopy, giving second‐order rate constants ranging over five orders of magnitude from 10−2 for Ca to 103 m−1 s−1 for Sc. Hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) rates from 2,4‐di‐tert‐butyl phenol (2,4‐DTBP) to the various Lewis acid valence tautomers of manganese oxo corrole complexes were evaluated and compared. For LA=TFA, ScIII, or YbIII, the rate constants of HAT were comparable to unactivated (tpfc)MnV(O). However, with LA=B(C6F5)3, ZnII, and CaII, 6‐, 21‐, and 31‐fold rate enhancements were observed, respectively. Remarkably, [(tpfc⋅)MnIV(OCa)]2+ gave the most enhancement despite its rate of formation being the slowest. Comparisons of HAT rate constants among the various Lewis acid tautomers revealed that both size and charge are important. This study underscores how valence may affect the reactivity of high‐valent manganese‐oxo compounds and sheds light on nature's choice of Ca in the activation of Mn‐oxo in the oxygen‐evolving complex.
Novel aromatic polyamides containing 2‐diphenylamino‐(9,9‐dimethylamine) units as multicolored electrochromic and high‐contrast electrofluorescent materials
Authors: Sun Ningwei , Zhou Ziwei , Chao Danming , Chu Xiaojing , Du Yinlong , Zhao Xiaogang , Wang Daming , Chen Chunhai 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTA series of electrochromic and photoluminescence‐active polyamides 4a‐4e were prepared from a novel dicarboxylic acid, N,N‐di(4‐carboxyphenyl)‐2‐amino‐9,9‐dimethylfluorene, and five diamines via a condensation polymerization. These polyamides were amorphous and readily soluble in many solvents. The glass transition temperatures were in the range of 281–339 °C and the 10% weight loss temperatures in nitrogen were in excess of 490 °C. The polyamides exhibited strong fluorescence in either solution or solid states. The polyamides 4a‐4d showed reversible electrochemical redox with color changing from colorless to grey‐green. Specially, the polyamide 4e with 2‐diphenylamino‐(9,9‐dimethylamine) group in both diamine and dicarboxylic acid residues exhibited multicolored electrochromic behaviors. Furthermore, the fluorescence of these polyamides could be reversibly electroswitched with a high contrast up to 221.4, enabling their potential applications in dual‐switching electrochromic/electrofluorescent materials. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 213–222
Preliminary mass spectrometry characterization studies of galectin‐3 samples, prior to carbohydrate‐binding studies using Affinity mass spectrometry
Authors: Jovanović Marko , Peter‐Katalinić Jasna 
Published: October 2016

RationaleInvestigation of non‐covalent complexes of proteins using Affinity Mass Spectrometry (AMS) represents a major challenge in modern biomedical research. However, many experimental obstacles can make AMS data analysis complex. Additionally, sample purity and size of the protein may still pose significant challenges.MethodsMatrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization‐time‐of‐flight (MALDI‐TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) was used for initial mapping of protein samples. nanoESI (electrospray ionization) quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight (QTOF) MS was used for mapping of protein samples under native conditions and subsequent AMS studies. The human galectin‐3 protein sample was expressed in E. coli.ResultsFull length galectin‐3 was difficult to work with, due to several truncated forms observed after the purification procedures. On the other hand, galectin‐3C produced excellent quality nanoESI‐MS spectra. A covalent adduct of lactose was found to be located on residue Lys 176. Functional AMS control studies indicated that galectin‐3 interactions with oligosaccharides may be dependent on its charge.ConclusionsMass spectrometry represents a valuable tool that can be efficiently used for structural characterization of protein samples prior to functional analyses. By means of accurate mass measurements, many protein truncations can be identified based on mass alone. Analysis of covalent adducts is more challenging. Finally, for AMS studies, careful use of controls may reveal charge‐dependence of protein‐oligosaccharide interactions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.