bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trend and driving factors in burden of age-related macular degeneration in older adults aged 60–89 years: a global analysis over three decades
Authors: Ni Qin-Yu , Wu Meng-Yao , Zha Chen-Kai , Wen Yu , Zhong Lan , Ding Jing-Jing , Li Xue-Yan , Tao Li-Ming , Jiang Zheng-Xuan , Cao Fan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
To explore temporal trends and determine driving factors of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) burden in older adults aged 60–89 years at global, regional and national levels from 1990 to 2019.

Methods
Prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs) were extracted. Joinpoint regression analysis was adopted to calculate average annual percentage change and to identify the year with the most significant changes. Global trends were stratified by sex, age and sociodemographic index, and regional and national trends were explored. Decomposition analysis was conducted to determine what extent the forces of population size, age structure and epidemiologic change driving alterations of AMD burden.

Results
Globally, prevalence rate slightly increased whereas YLDs rate decreased. The year 2005 marked a turning point where both prevalence and YLDs started to decline. Regionally, Western Sub-Saharan Africa had the highest prevalence and YLDs rates in 2019, with East Asia experiencing the most notable rise in prevalence from 1990 to 2019. Global decomposition revealed that the increased case number was primarily driven by population growth and ageing, and epidemiological change was only detected to lessen but far from offset these impacts.

Conclusions
Although there was only slight increase or even decrease in prevalence and YLDs rates of AMD in older adults, the case number still nearly doubled, which may be primarily attributed to population growth and ageing, coupled with the emerging growing pattern of prevalence rate from 2015, collectively suggesting a huge challenge in control and management of AMD.
Insomnia in ambulatory care: A clinical review
Authors: Dopheide Julie A , Roth Winter R , Chu Michelle K L 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose
One-third to one-half of ambulatory care patients report insomnia. The objective of this clinical review is to detail the many causes and evidence-based treatment options for insomnia in outpatients and to recommend screening and summarize evidence for the place in therapy of prescription and nonprescription treatments.

Summary
This work provides an overview of the literature on insomnia regarding causes, patient assessment, and nonpharmacological and pharmacological treatments. Patients who present with insomnia should be assessed for sleep apnea, restless legs syndrome, narcolepsy, and all contributing medications as well as medical, psychiatric, and substance use disorder diagnoses. The type of insomnia, namely difficulty falling asleep, difficulty maintaining sleep, and early morning awakening with resulting functional impairment, should be documented in addition to whether insomnia is short term or persistent. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) or digital CBT-I is first-line treatment for all patients with insomnia irrespective of the cause or type. Nonprescription treatments such as antihistamines or melatonin are for select populations. Prescription hypnotics are best utilized on an as-needed basis or for nightly use for less than 6 weeks. Z-hypnotics are safe and effective for insomnia in persons with depression or an anxiety disorder but should be avoided in older individuals or if there is respiratory or cognitive impairment. Orexin receptor antagonists are effective for sleep initiation and maintenance in healthy persons or if there is mild cognitive impairment, but they require further study in individuals with psychiatric and medical diagnoses. Trazodone is the most prescribed off-label treatment due to its efficacy for sleep initiation and maintenance and its lack of abuse potential.

Conclusion
Insomnia treatment should be guided by patient age, diagnoses, and type of insomnia. Pharmacological treatments should be used at the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration of time.
Practice-enhancing publications about the medication-use process in 2023
Authors: Vest Tyler A , Gazda Nicholas P , O’Neil Daniel P , Donnowitz Kathrine R , Eckel Stephen F 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose
This article identifies, prioritizes, and summarizes published literature on the medication-use process (MUP) from calendar year 2023 that can impact health-system pharmacy daily practice. The MUP is the foundational system that provides the framework for safe medication utilization within the healthcare environment. The MUP is defined in this article as having the following components: prescribing/transcribing, dispensing, administration, and monitoring. Articles evaluating at least one step of the MUP were assessed for their usefulness toward practice improvement.

Summary
A PubMed search was conducted in January 2024 for calendar year 2023 using targeted Medical Subject Headings keywords and the tables of contents of selected pharmacy journals were searched, providing a total of 5,314 articles. A thorough review identified 40 potentially practice-enhancing articles: 8 for prescribing/transcribing, 15 for dispensing, 6 for administration, and 11 for monitoring. The trends from the articles are briefly summarized, with a mention of the importance within health-system pharmacy. The articles are listed and summarized in tables for further review and evaluation.

Conclusion
It is important to routinely review the published literature and to incorporate significant findings into daily practice. This article assists in identifying and summarizing the most impactful literature from 2023. Health-system pharmacists have an active role in improving the MUP in their institutions, and awareness of significant published studies can assist in changing practice at the institutional level.
Future outlook for food function research
Authors: Tachibana Hirofumi 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
The results of research on food functionality in Japan have been passed on to society in the form of Foods for Specified Health Uses and Foods with Functional Claims. However, it is also true that there are people who do not experience any health benefits even when they consume these foods. To clarify the factors that cause such individual differences in the health benefits of food, research into the following points is important: (1) Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms behind why food factors exert their functionality. (2) Research into the functional interactions between food factors that exert their functionality in multi-component systems. (3) Research into the functionality of food factors that have not been the subject of research until now. We will introduce the results of our research in these areas. We will also discuss our expectations for the application of food functionality research to pharmaceutical development as an extension of this research.
Multi-Cover Persistence (MCP)-based machine learning for polymer property prediction
Authors: Zhang Yipeng , Shen Cong , Xia Kelin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Accurate and efficient prediction of polymers properties is crucial for polymer design. Recently, data-driven artificial intelligence (AI) models have demonstrated great promise in polymers property analysis. Even with the great progresses, a pivotal challenge in all the AI-driven models remains to be the effective representation of molecules. Here we introduce Multi-Cover Persistence (MCP)-based molecular representation and featurization for the first time. Our MCP-based polymer descriptors are combined with machine learning models, in particular, Gradient Boosting Tree (GBT) models, for polymers property prediction. Different from all previous molecular representation, polymer molecular structure and interactions are represented as MCP, which utilizes Delaunay slices at different dimensions and Rhomboid tiling to characterize the complicated geometric and topological information within the data. Statistic features from the generated persistent barcodes are used as polymer descriptors, and further combined with GBT model. Our model has been extensively validated on polymer benchmark datasets. It has been found that our models can outperform traditional fingerprint-based models and has similar accuracy with geometric deep learning models. In particular, our model tends to be more effective on large-sized monomer structures, demonstrating the great potential of MCP in characterizing more complicated polymer data. This work underscores the potential of MCP in polymer informatics, presenting a novel perspective on molecular representation and its application in polymer science.
Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) in early pregnancy: implications for miscarriage
Authors: Lai Yuxuan , Fu Zhiyu , Gao Yaxin , Ma Ning , Li Lu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Miscarriage poses a significant threat to both maternal and fetal health. Its etiology remains unknown, and there are no established effective identification or prevention strategies. A low-oxygen environment in early pregnancy is a physiological necessity for embryonic and placental growth. Hypoxia-inducible factors are a family of classic hypoxia signaling molecules whose expression level may fluctuate abnormally because of an imbalance in oxygen levels. Its unusual fluctuations initiate multiple signaling pathways at the maternal womb. Hypoxia-inducible factors are a family of classic hypoxia-signaling molecules and immune tolerance. Notably, aberrant regulation of these processes may lead to miscarriage. This review aims to clarify how the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α mediates the aberrant regulation of biological processes, including autophagy, metabolic reprogramming, et al., and how these effects impact trophoblasts and other cells at the maternal-fetal interface. These findings provide new insights into potential therapeutic and preventive strategies for miscarriage.
PTEN controls alternative splicing of autism spectrum disorder-associated transcripts in primary neurons
Authors: Rademacher Sebastian , Preußner Marco , Rehm Marie C , Fuchs Joachim , Heyd Florian , Eickholt Britta J 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) is the main antagonist of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway and mutated in 10%–20% of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibiting macrocephaly. Hyperactive mTOR signalling is responsible for some aspects during PTEN-ASD progression, e.g. neuronal hypertrophy and -excitability, but PI3K/mTOR-independent processes have additionally been described. There is emerging evidence that PTEN regulates gene transcription, spliceosome formation and pre-mRNA splicing independently of PI3K/mTOR. Altered splicing is a hallmark of brains from individuals with idiopathic and PTEN-ASD, however, molecular mechanisms are yet to be identified.
We performed RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq), followed by analysis of altered transcript splicing in Pten-deficient primary cortical mouse neurons, which we compared with published data from PTEN-deficient human neuronal stem cells. This analysis identified that transcripts were globally mis-spliced in a developmentally regulated fashion and cluster in synaptic and gene expression regulatory processes. Strikingly, splicing defects following Pten-deficiency represent a significant number of other known ASD-susceptibility genes. Furthermore, we show that exons with strong 3′ splice sites are more frequently mis-spliced under Pten-deficient conditions. Our study indicates that PTEN-ASD is a multifactorial condition involving the dysregulation of other known ASD-susceptibility genes.
Nurses’ health promotion practices in rural primary health care in Nigeria. A qualitative study
Authors: Enebeli Maria Oluomachi , Saint Victoria , Hämel Kerstin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Nurses play a vital role in providing high-quality primary healthcare and health promotion services. The state of research highlights their often complex operational realities and shows the need for an evidence-based understanding of nurses’ perspectives on health promotion practices, especially in low-resource settings. This study focuses on how community health nurses in rural primary healthcare centers in Nigeria perceive their health promotion role and the opportunities and challenges of, and potential entry points for strengthening, their practice. A sample of 10 nurses from eight rural primary healthcare centers in eight local government areas of Anambra state, Nigeria, was purposively selected. Data were collected via semistructured telephone and written interviews and analyzed by qualitative content analysis using a deductive–inductive approach. Nurses emphasized their commitment to supporting patients and communities to develop skills and take control of their own lives. Nurses described their role as facilitators of behavioral and environmental change, individual and community empowerment facilitators as well as social activists. Factors that enhance the health promotion practice of nurses include adequate skills, sufficient human and material resources and community support and participation. Inhibiting factors included insufficient funding, poor working conditions, staff shortages, high workload, lack of training opportunities and low participation of community members. Overcoming challenges and facilitating health promotion activities in rural communities require bolstering nurses by providing further training opportunities for enhancing their health promotion competencies and creating supportive environments. Future research should focus on how to strengthen nurses’ health promotion efforts through interprofessional and intersectoral collaboration.
The new regulation of non-medical neurotechnologies in the European Union: overview and reflection
Authors: Bublitz Christoph , Ligthart Sjors 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The regulation of neurotechnologies for non-medical purposes such as enhancement, gaming, or well-being is a topic of ongoing controversy. Without much attention, the European Union addressed it by two implementing regulations to the Medical Device Regulation (MDR) for non-invasive brain stimulation devices, passed in December 2022. This paper presents main aspect of these regulations and the conditions for placing non-medical neurodevices on the EU market, especially the risk threshold and the requirement for pre-market certification. It also provides a first critical comment on selected aspects and the unclear situation regarding research only devices which has alarmed the European neurotechnology sector.
Neuroblastoma of the thoracic spine in an adult: a case report
Authors: Oyemolade Toyin A , Adeolu Augustine A , Oyewo Oluwafunmito L , Oko-Azu Vivian C 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) in the adults is extremely rare. Even less encountered is NB involving the adult spine with only a few reported cases. Because of its rarity, there are as yet no well-established treatment guidelines for NB in the adults. Treatment strategies, therefore, are often extrapolated from paediatric data. We report a case of a 51-year-old man with NB involving the thoracic spine who had surgical excision with a good postoperative outcome in the short term.
An Argument for the Distinct Nature of Nursing Ethics
Authors: Grace Pamela J. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this chapter the proposition that nursing ethics be accepted as a distinct field of inquiry is defended. It is a bona fide and stand-alone branch of applied professional ethics specific to understanding the responsibilities of the profession and its members. Support for the argument is derived from prior literature, the author’s own research, practice experiences, and the contemporary sociopolitical context of healthcare. Nursing ethics is defined, advanced, and juxtaposed with understandings about the ethics of other healthcare professions including medicine. The idea that the discipline of bioethics is an apt parent discipline, under which all healthcare professional and sociopolitical issues can be subsumed, is challenged. Bioethics has paid scant attention to the underlying conditions of everyday nursing and healthcare practice and/or root causes of problems in sociopolitical conditions, structural injustices, and power imbalances. Viewing nursing, other professional ethics, and bioethics as distinct fields of inquiry, rather than being problematic, facilitates improvements in healthcare.
Phenomenology, Power, and Polarization
Authors: Aftab Awais , Jones Nev 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Nev Jones, PhD, is Associate Professor at the University of Pittsburgh, School of Social Work, PA. She has an interdisciplinary academic background in social and political philosophy, community psychology, and medical anthropology. An applied mental health services researcher, her expertise includes the social and cultural determinants of pathways to and through care, early intervention in psychosis, multistakeholder perspectives on mental health services, and the relationship between poverty, education/employment, and longer-term outcomes. This interview discusses various phenomenological and structural complexities of psychosis in light of her own schizophrenia spectrum experiences and her research on the subject. In addition, the state of polarized discourse and the importance of engaging with consumer/survivor/ex-patient perspectives in psychiatry are discussed.
The Battle for the Soul of Psychiatry
Authors: Aftab Awais , Pies Ronald W. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Ronald W. Pies, MD, is Professor Emeritus of Psychiatry and Lecturer on Bioethics and Humanities at SUNY Upstate Medical University and Clinical Professor of Psychiatry at Tufts University School of Medicine. He is also Editor-in-Chief Emeritus (2007–2010) of Psychiatric Times. Pies is the author or co-author of several psychiatric textbooks, including Clinical Manual of Psychiatric Diagnosis and Treatment: A Biopsychosocial Approach (American Psychiatric Press, 1994) and Handbook of Essential Psychopharmacology (American Psychiatric Association Publishing, 2005). Articles and commentaries by Pies have been a staple feature of Psychiatric Times. He is well known for his articulate defence of psychiatry, especially in the face of Szaszian critiques and the ‘chemical imbalance’ controversy. In this interview, he defends the ‘biopsychosocial’ integrative tradition as the underappreciated solid centre of psychiatry and clarifies his position on various matters pertinent to critiques of psychiatry.
The Medical Model in Theory and Practice
Authors: Aftab Awais , Huda Ahmed Samei 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Ahmed Samei Huda, MBChb, MSC, works as a consultant psychiatrist in the UK National Health Service in a deprived area to the east of Manchester. He is the author of The Medical Model in Mental Health: An Explanation and Evaluation (Oxford University Press, 2019). Huda describes how he was struck by the disparity between the views of various academics and those of clinicians at the coalface regarding the medical model and its application to psychiatry. This served as his motivation for writing The Medical Model in Mental Health. He argues that, in many respects, there is a greater degree of overlap between psychiatry and general medicine than is realized by many critics with regards to the nature of diagnostic constructs and effectiveness of treatments. This interview discusses his views on the medical model in psychiatry, the misconceptions surrounding it, and its relationship with other frameworks.
A Surgeon’s Perspective
Authors: Falowski Steven M. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In pain management, proper and optimal patient care requires relationships between spine surgeons and interventional pain physicians. Minimally invasive technologies are growing, as is the overlap of practice between the specialties; therefore, it is paramount that referral networks be patient-centric, regardless of who is performing a procedure. Thus, it is important to be able to offer therapies to your patients that focus on their best interests, even if you are not the one performing the procedure. With the evolving landscape in spine interventions and the evolving scope of practice for interventional pain physicians, it is more important than ever to have collaboration.
Spinal Diagnostics for Interventional Pain and Surgery
Authors: Petersohn Jeffrey D. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
All pain treatments rest on an understanding of the causes of pain. Obvious diagnoses confirmable with limited investigation require little cognitive effort, but complex pain presentations with multiple possible underlying diagnoses present challenges. Often, if a specific injection is performed once with a satisfactory result, it is followed by repetition of the same injection when the pain returns. If the patient then fails to improve, this is considered a failure of technique, where in fact the original problem may remain successfully abated and a second pain process having a distinct pathophysiology has emerged. Many cases may have several distinct causes of pain that require the physician to finesse each diagnosis in sequence. The chapter discusses common dyads and triads of pain disorders, along with a hierarchical and sequentially recursive approach to diagnosis and treatment, with emphasis on precise procedures selected to address anatomically specific pathophysiologies. A model of lumbar spinal pain that divides pain conditions into pathoanatomical subsets is presented. The utility and limitations of imaging are discussed, as are techniques for performing physical examination that allow establishment of a pain diagnosis based on correlation of anatomy and pathophysiology. Clinical pearls for performance of less common interventional procedures are offered, as are clinically derived guidelines for interpretation of the varied results of injection procedures. Many clinical points presented are not drawn from the published literature but are a collated offering of an improved clinical frame of reference for interpretation of spinal diagnostic injections. Until additional studies are published that use improved patient selection criteria and that constructively address the challenging diagnosis of multiple coexisting painful conditions, it is possible to substantially improve diagnostic acumen using inference, logic, and deductive reasoning.