bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fibroadenoma in adolescent females after living donor liver transplantation
Authors: Tanaka N. , Ueno T. , Takama Y. , Yamanaka H. , Tazuke Y. , Bessho K. , Okuyama H. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBreast FA is the most common breast tumor diagnosed in young women. Female renal transplant recipients on CsA have an increased risk of developing FA. However, reports of FA after LDLT have not been described. Our objectives were to determine the incidence of FA, analyze risk factors for FA, and evaluate treatment strategies in adolescent females after LDLT. A total of 18 female patients aged 10‐19 years who underwent LDLT and survived at least one year after transplantation were enrolled in our study. The incidence of FA was 11.1%. To determine pre‐ or post‐transplant conditions that are associated with FA after transplantation, the patients were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of FA: FA group (n=2) and non‐FA group (n=16). There were no differences in mean age at LDLT, mean age at breast evaluation, and mean duration between transplantation and breast evaluation between the two groups. However, there was a difference in the immunosuppressive regimen between the two groups. The FA group was maintained on CsA, whereas the non‐FA group was maintained on tacrolimus. CsA might be implicated in FA development in adolescent females after LDLT.
Use of protocatechuic acid as the sole antioxidant in the base medium for in vitro culture of ovine isolated secondary follicles
Authors: Menezes VG , Santos JMS , Macedo TJS , Lins TLBG , Barberino RS , Gouveia BB , Bezerra MÉS , Cavalcante AYP , Queiroz MAA , Palheta RC , Matos MHT 
Published: May 2017

ContentsThis study evaluated the effect of the protocatechuic acid (PCA) as the sole antioxidant in the base medium for in vitro culture of ovine secondary follicles. Secondary follicles (200‐230 μm) were isolated and cultured in α‐minimal essential medium supplemented with BSA, insulin, glutamine and hypoxanthine (α‐MEM: antioxidant‐free medium) or α‐MEM also added by transferrin, selenium and ascorbic acid (α‐MEM+: with antioxidant) or α‐MEM added by PCA (56.25; 112.5; 225; 450; or 900 μg/ml). Moreover, after culture, oocytes were matured and the chromatin configuration and DNA fragmentation were evaluated. After 12 days, the treatment containing 56.25 μg/ml PCA showed higher percentage of normal follicles than control medium or the other treatments (p < .05), except for 900 μg/ml PCA (p > .05). The antrum formation was significantly higher in treatments containing 56.25, 112.5 or 900 μg/ml PCA, compared to the α‐MEM and similar (p > .05) to the other treatments. The rates of fully grown oocytes (≥110 μm) were similar (p > .05) among all treatments containing PCA and α‐MEM+, and those were superior (p < .05) than α‐MEM, except for 450 μg/ml PCA (p > .05). GSH levels and mitochondrial activity were higher (p < .05) in α‐MEM+ than in α‐MEM and similar (p > .05) to all PCA treatments. The rates of meiotic resumption and DNA fragmentation were similar (p > .05) among α‐MEM+ and 56.25 μg/ml PCA. In conclusion, PCA at 56.25 μg/ml as the sole antioxidant added to the medium for ovine isolated secondary follicle culture maintains follicular survival, GSH and active mitochondria levels, meiotic developmental competence and DNA integrity of cultured oocytes.
Oocyte viability and cortical activation under different salt solutions in Prochilodus lineatus (Teleostei: Prochilodontidae)
Authors: Ribeiro DC , Chagas JMA , Bashiyo‐Silva C , Costa RS , Veríssimo‐Silveira R , Ninhaus‐Silveira A 
Published: May 2017

ContentsThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of five salt solutions in the maintenance of morphological features of cortical alveolus, hydration and fertilization capacity of Prochilodus lineatus oocytes. For this purpose, five saline solutions were tested: Ringer's solution, Ringer's lactate solution, Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS), Hank's balanced salt solution without calcium (HBSS without calcium) and solution for salmonid eggs. Oocytes were maintained for 2 hr in saline solution with controlled temperature subsequently evaluated for hydration, cortical activation and fertilization ability. In the evaluation of the fertilization ability, two controls were used: C1—fertilized oocytes after extrusion—and C2—oocytes kept in ovarian fluid and fertilized after 2 hr.There was a significant reduction in the viability of oocytes C2 (28.8% ± 12.9%) compared to C1 (65.3% ± 26.7%), and no significant differences were found between treatments HBSS and HBSS without calcium and C2. Only HBSS and HBSS without calcium maintained the non‐activated state of the gametes, with a fertilization rate of 16.4% ± 6.7% and 5.6% ± 2.3%, respectively; however, they did not extend the viability of oocytes, such that they continued to undergo degradation during the storage period, similar to oocytes retained only in ovarian fluid.
Tuberculosis in China: A longitudinal predictive model of the general population and recommendations for achieving WHO goals
Authors: Xu Kaijin , Ding Cheng , Mangan Connor J. , Li Yiping , Ren Jingjing , Yang Shigui , Wang Bing , Ruan Bing , Sheng Jifang , Li Lanjuan 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveTuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health challenge. China accounts for more than 10% of the global TB burden, and effective modelling of TB trends remains limited.MethodsWe used data drawn primarily from two Chinese nation‐wide cross‐sectional epidemiological surveys combined with data from China's National Disease Reporting Network to construct an eight‐state Markov model that simulates TB prevalence. By adjusting the relevant parameters, we evaluated which characteristics have the greatest bearing upon prevalence and efficacy of the response measures.ResultsIf current trends continue, the prevalence of TB in China will enter an 8‐year period of decline from approximately 390 to 200 cases per 100 000 population and stabilize at 163 cases per 100 000 population, which is a figure well above the World Health Organization (WHO) goal of eliminating TB by 2050. We find that the proportion of notified cases in the population, the rate of progression from latent to active and the overall treatment success rate are the chief factors affecting disease progression.ConclusionWe suggest a 90‐90‐90 strategy, wherein the proportion of notified cases in the population reaches 90%, the risk of progression from latent to active is decreased by 90% compared with the current level and the overall treatment success rate is increased to 90%. This strategy could reduce TB prevalence to less than 10 cases per 100 000 population within 5 years and to 1.77 cases per 100 000 population within 50 years.
Bayesian Quantile Impairment Threshold Benchmark Dose Estimation for Continuous Endpoints
Authors: Wheeler Matthew W. , Bailer A. John , Cole Tarah , Park Robert M. , Shao Kan 
Published: May 2017

AbstractQuantitative risk assessment often begins with an estimate of the exposure or dose associated with a particular risk level from which exposure levels posing low risk to populations can be extrapolated. For continuous exposures, this value, the benchmark dose, is often defined by a specified increase (or decrease) from the median or mean response at no exposure. This method of calculating the benchmark dose does not take into account the response distribution and, consequently, cannot be interpreted based upon probability statements of the target population. We investigate quantile regression as an alternative to the use of the median or mean regression. By defining the dose–response quantile relationship and an impairment threshold, we specify a benchmark dose as the dose associated with a specified probability that the population will have a response equal to or more extreme than the specified impairment threshold. In addition, in an effort to minimize model uncertainty, we use Bayesian monotonic semiparametric regression to define the exposure–response quantile relationship, which gives the model flexibility to estimate the quantal dose–response function. We describe this methodology and apply it to both epidemiology and toxicology data.
Modeling Precheck Parallel Screening Process in the Face of Strategic Applicants with Incomplete Information and Screening Errors
Authors: Song Cen , Zhuang Jun 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn security check systems, tighter screening processes increase the security level, but also cause more congestion, which could cause longer wait times. Having to deal with more congestion in lines could also cause issues for the screeners. The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) Precheck Program was introduced to create fast lanes in airports with the goal of expediting passengers who the TSA does not deem to be threats. In this lane, the TSA allows passengers to enjoy fewer restrictions in order to speed up the screening time. Motivated by the TSA Precheck Program, we study parallel queueing imperfect screening systems, where the potential normal and adversary participants/applicants decide whether to apply to the Precheck Program or not. The approved participants would be assigned to a faster screening channel based on a screening policy determined by an approver, who balances the concerns of safety of the passengers and congestion of the lines. There exist three types of optimal normal applicant's application strategy, which depend on whether the marginal payoff is negative or positive, or whether the marginal benefit equals the marginal cost. An adversary applicant would not apply when the screening policy is sufficiently large or the number of utilized benefits is sufficiently small. The basic model is extended by considering (1) applicants' parameters to follow different distributions and (2) applicants to have risk levels, where the approver determines the threshold value needed to qualify for Precheck. This article integrates game theory and queueing theory to study the optimal screening policy and provides some insights to imperfect parallel queueing screening systems.
Considering economic stress and empathic traits in predicting prosocial behaviors among U.S. Latino adolescents
Authors: Davis Alexandra N. , Carlo Gustavo , Streit Cara , Crockett Lisa J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe goal of the current study was to examine two competing models focusing on the roles of empathy‐related traits in the relation between economic stress and prosocial behaviors. First, we examined the mediating roles of perspective taking and empathic concern in the association between economic stress and adolescents’ prosocial behaviors. Second, we examined the moderating role of perspective taking in the association between economic stress and empathic concern, as well as the links between empathic concern and prosocial behaviors. Participants consisted of 307 (46.2% girls; M age = 15.05) U.S. Latino adolescents (77.5% U.S. Mexicans) and their primary caregivers (87.9% mothers). Primary caregivers reported on family‐level economic stress, and adolescents reported on their own perspective taking, empathic concern, and their tendency to engage in six forms of prosocial behaviors. Results demonstrated support for the moderating role of perspective taking on the link between economic stress and empathic concern, which in turn, was associated with multiple forms of helping behaviors. Economic stress was also directly associated with selfless and selfish helping behaviors. The discussion focuses on the multiple roles of empathic traits in understanding the links between economic stress and prosocial outcomes in U.S. Latino youth.
Comparison between point and long‐gage FBG‐based strain sensors during a railway bridge load test
Authors: Torres Górriz B. , Rinaudo P. , Calderón García P. A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractStrain is a key parameter in laboratory and bridge load testing. The selection of a strain sensor depends on several factors, including the aim of the test and the specimen material. The application of the right sensor is vital to obtain accurate readings, especially in the case of heterogeneous materials such as concrete. This paper focuses on long‐gage and point fiber Bragg grating‐based strain sensors and their possible applications on concrete elements. First, strain sensors are described, after which long‐gage and point fiber Bragg grating strain sensors are compared in a concrete specimen test, a concrete column test and static and dynamic load tests on a concrete railway bridge. Results show that although it is advisable to use long‐gage sensors when monitoring heterogeneous materials, there are some particular cases were both sensors type can provide accurate strain measurements.
Child sexual exploitation: a guide for obstetricians and gynaecologists
Authors: Gilmore Katherine , Mitchell Laura , Tenant‐Flowers Melinda , Rogstad Karen 
Published: May 2017

Key content

Child sexual exploitation (CSE) is a child protection issue and can affect any young person. Healthcare professionals play a key role in identifying both those who are victims of exploitation, and also those at risk. The General Medical Council considers that all doctors have a responsibility for child protection.

Obstetricians and gynaecologists may come across victims of CSE in a range of clinical settings, but practitioners may not feel confident that they have sufficient training to recognise victims or potential victims or indeed what course of action to take if they do.

This article provides training in both of these aspects by introducing Spotting the Signs (a questionnaire‐based tool to help detect CSE) and by highlighting appropriate referral pathways, including the vital role of joint working and information sharing.

Learning objectives

Understand what is meant by CSE.

Understand the risk factors for victims of CSE.

Develop a working knowledge of a validated tool to enable healthcare workers to recognise potential cases of CSE.

Understand what to do if you suspect CSE.
Septic keratitis in dogs, cats, and horses in Switzerland: associated bacteria and antibiotic susceptibility
Authors: Suter Anja , Voelter Katrin , Hartnack Sonja , Spiess Bernhard Martin , Pot Simon Anton 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the most common bacterial pathogens associated with septic keratitis in veterinary patients from Switzerland. The second objective was to analyze antibiotic susceptibility test results of the identified bacterial pathogens. The third objective was to evaluate potential breed predispositions to septic keratitis.ProceduresTwo hundred and fifty‐five cultures and antibiotic susceptibility reports from dogs, cats, and horses with septic keratitis that were presented to the University of Zurich Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital between 2009 and 2013 were reviewed. Odds ratios for the risk of having a septic keratitis were estimated for all dog and cat breeds compared to the general nonbrachycephalic hospital population.ResultsNinety‐six, 29, and 31 positive cultures were obtained from 89 canine, 28 feline, and 29 equine eyes, respectively. Repeat sampling accounted for the differences in numbers. Negative culture results were obtained in 50, 31, and 18 cases. Staphylococci and streptococci accounted for 66% of the isolates in dogs and 80% of the isolates in cats and horses.Staphylococcus spp. had a higher percentage of fluoroquinolone‐resistant isolates compared to previous reports. Brachycephalic breeds had elevated odds ratios for the presence of septic keratitis.ConclusionIdentified bacterial pathogens and their prevalence as well as the elevated odds ratios for septic keratitis in brachycephalics are roughly consistent with previous studies. Based on systemic breakpoint data, resistance to commonly used topical antibiotics, including the second‐generation fluoroquinolones, was found.
Response to early repeat celiotomy in horses after a surgical treatment of jejunal strangulation
Authors: Bauck Anje G. , Easley Jeremiah T. , Cleary Orlaith B. , Graham Sarah , Morton Alison J. , Rötting Anna K. , Schaeffer David J. , Smith Andrew D. , Freeman David E. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the outcome after early repeat celiotomy in horses operated for jejunal strangulation.Study designRetrospective case series.AnimalsHorses (n = 22) that underwent repeat celiotomy for postoperative reflux (POR) and/or postoperative colic (POC) that did not improve within 48 hours from onset after initial surgical treatment of strangulating jejunal lesions by jejunojejunostomy (n = 14) or no resection (n = 8).MethodsMedical records were reviewed for clinical signs, duration of signs before repeat surgery, surgical findings and treatment, and outcome. Survival was documented by phone call at long‐term follow‐up. The influence of POC and POR on timing of surgery were analyzed. Long‐term survival was examined by Kaplan‐Meier analyses.ResultsRepeat celiotomy was performed at a median of 57 hours after initial surgery and 16.5 hours from onset of signs, and earlier in horses with POC compared with POR (P < .05). A total of 3/22 horses were euthanatized under anesthesia. A total of 9 of 11 horses with initial jejunojejunostomy required resection of the original anastomosis due to anastomotic complications. In 8 horses without resection, second surgery included resection (4) or decompression (4). Repeat celiotomy was successful in 13/16 horses with POR. Repeat celiotomy eliminated POC in all horses (n = 9). A total of 19 horses were recovered from anesthesia and all survived to discharge. Incisional infections were diagnosed in 13/17 horses where both surgeries were performed through the same ventral median approach, and hernias developed in 4/13 infected incisions. Median survival time was 90 months.ConclusionRepeat celiotomy can eliminate signs of POR and/or POC, and the additional surgery does not appear to aggravate POR. Criteria for repeat celiotomy in this study could provide guidelines for managing POC and POR after surgery for jejunal strangulation.
Muscular workload of veterinary students during simulated open and laparoscopic surgery: A pilot study*
Authors: Kilkenny Jessica , Larson Dennis J. , MacCormick Mathew , Brown Stephen H. M. , Singh Ameet 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo compare upper extremity muscle activity and workload between simulated open surgery, multiple port laparoscopic surgery (MLS), and single incision laparoscopic surgery (SLS) techniques in veterinary students.Study designPilot study.PopulationVeterinary students (n = 10) from years 1 to 4.MethodsBipolar skin surface electrodes were fixed bilaterally to the forearm flexor, forearm extensor, biceps brachii, triceps brachii, and upper trapezius muscles. Electromyography data were recorded during one repetition of 2 simulated surgical exercises via open surgery, MLS, and SLS. Participants completed a validated workload survey after each simulated surgical technique. Muscle activity and perceived workload were compared between surgical techniques with 1‐way ANOVAs and Fisher's LSD post hoc tests.ResultsMuscle activity during peg transfer was higher with MLS and SLS compared to simulated open surgery in the right and left forearm extensors (both P < .0001), right (P < .0001) and left biceps (P = .0005), right triceps (P = .0004), and right upper trapezius muscles (P = .0211). Similar results were found for the right and left forearm extensors (both P < .0001), right (P = .0381) and left (P = .0147) forearm flexors, right biceps (P < .0001), and right triceps (P = .0004) during a simulated suture task. Participants found laparoscopic techniques more mentally demanding, physically demanding, complex, and stressful compared to a simulated open surgical technique.ConclusionIn veterinary students, average muscle activity and perceived workload were highest using MLS and SLS compared to an open surgical technique when performing simulated surgical exercises in a laparoscopic box trainer.
Promotion of endocytosis efficiency through an ATP‐independent mechanism at rat calyx of Held terminals
Authors: Yue Hai‐Yuan , Bieberich Erhard , Xu Jianhua 
Published: May 2017

Key points
At rat calyx of Held terminals, ATP was required not only for slow endocytosis, but also for rapid phase of compensatory endocytosis.
An ATP‐independent form of endocytosis was recruited to accelerate membrane retrieval at increased activity and temperature.
ATP‐independent endocytosis primarily involved retrieval of pre‐existing membrane, which depended on Ca2+ and the activity of neutral sphingomyelinase but not clathrin‐coated pit maturation.
ATP‐independent endocytosis represents a non‐canonical mechanism that can efficiently retrieve membrane at physiological conditions without competing for the limited ATP at elevated neuronal activity.
AbstractNeurotransmission relies on membrane endocytosis to maintain vesicle supply and membrane stability. Endocytosis has been generally recognized as a major ATP‐dependent function, which efficiently retrieves more membrane at elevated neuronal activity when ATP consumption within nerve terminals increases drastically. This paradox raises the interesting question of whether increased activity recruits ATP‐independent mechanism(s) to accelerate endocytosis at the same time as preserving ATP availability for other tasks. To address this issue, we studied ATP requirement in three typical forms of endocytosis at rat calyx of Held terminals by whole‐cell membrane capacitance measurements. At room temperature, blocking ATP hydrolysis effectively abolished slow endocytosis and rapid endocytosis but only partially inhibited excess endocytosis following intense stimulation. The ATP‐independent endocytosis occurred at calyces from postnatal days 8–15, suggesting its existence before and after hearing onset. This endocytosis was not affected by a reduction of exocytosis using the light chain of botulinum toxin C, nor by block of clathrin‐coat maturation. It was abolished by EGTA, which preferentially blocked endocytosis of retrievable membrane pre‐existing at the surface, and was impaired by oxidation of cholesterol and inhibition of neutral sphingomyelinase. ATP‐independent endocytosis became more significant at 34–35°C, and recovered membrane by an amount that, on average, was close to exocytosis. The results of the present study suggest that activity and temperature recruit ATP‐independent endocytosis of pre‐existing membrane (in addition to ATP‐dependent endocytosis) to efficiently retrieve membrane at nerve terminals. This less understood endocytosis represents a non‐canonical mechanism regulated by lipids such as cholesterol and sphingomyelinase.