bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization and Treatment of a Cohort With Familial Tumoral Calcinosis/Hyperostosis-Hyperphosphatemia Syndrome
Authors: Ramnitz Mary Scott , Gourh Pravitt , Goldbach-Mansky Raphaela , Wodajo Felasfa , Ichikawa Shoji , Econs Michael J , White Kenneth E , Molinolo Alfredo , Chen Marcus Y , Heller Theo , Del Rivero Jaydira , Seo-Mayer Patricia , Arabshahi Bita , Jackson Malaka B , Hatab Sarah , McCarthy Edward , Guthrie Lori C , Brillante Beth A , Gafni Rachel I , Collins Michael T 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT

Familial tumoral calcinosis (FTC)/hyperostosis-hyperphosphatemia syndrome (HHS) is a rare disorder caused by mutations in the genes encoding fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23), N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 3 (GALNT3), or KLOTHO. The result is functional deficiency of, or resistance to, intact FGF23 (iFGF23), causing hyperphosphatemia, increased renal tubular reabsorption of phosphorus (TRP), elevated or inappropriately normal 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D), ectopic calcifications, and/or diaphyseal hyperostosis. Eight subjects with FTC/HHS were studied and treated. Clinical manifestations varied, even within families, ranging from asymptomatic to large, disabling calcifications. All subjects had hyperphosphatemia, increased TRP, and elevated or inappropriately normal 1,25D. C-terminal FGF23 was markedly elevated whereas iFGF23 was comparatively low, consistent with increased FGF23 cleavage. Radiographs ranged from diaphyseal hyperostosis to massive calcification. Two subjects with severe calcifications also had overwhelming systemic inflammation and elevated C-reactive protein (CRP). GALNT3 mutations were identified in seven subjects; no causative mutation was found in the eighth. Biopsies from four subjects showed ectopic calcification and chronic inflammation, with areas of heterotopic ossification observed in one subject. Treatment with low phosphate diet, phosphate binders, and phosphaturia-inducing therapies was prescribed with variable response. One subject experienced complete resolution of a calcific mass after 13 months of medical treatment. In the two subjects with systemic inflammation, interleukin-1 (IL-1) antagonists significantly decreased CRP levels with resolution of calcinosis cutis and perilesional inflammation in one subject and improvement of overall well-being in both subjects. This cohort expands the phenotype and genotype of FTC/HHS and demonstrates the range of clinical manifestations despite similar biochemical profiles and genetic mutations. Overwhelming systemic inflammation has not been described previously in FTC/HHS; the response to IL-1 antagonists suggests that anti-inflammatory drugs may be useful adjuvants. In addition, this is the first description of heterotopic ossification reported in FTC/HHS, possibly mediated by the adjacent inflammation. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Immunohistochemical study of hepatocyte, cholangiocyte and stem cell markers of hepatocellular carcinoma: the second report: relationship with tumor size and cell differentiation
Authors: Kumagai Arisa , Kondo Fukuo , Sano Keiji , Inoue Masafumi , Fujii Takeshi , Hashimoto Masaji , Watanabe Masato , Soejima Yurie , Ishida Tsuyoshi , Tokairin Takuo , Saito Koji , Sasajima Yuko , Takahashi Yoshihisa , Uozaki Hiroshi , Fukusato Toshio 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study is to investigate whether ordinary hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) show positivity of stem/progenitor cell markers and cholangiocyte markers during the process of tumor progression.MethodsNinety‐four HCC lesions no larger than 8 cm from 94 patients were immuno‐histochemically studied using two hepatocyte markers (Hep par 1 and α‐fetoprotein), five cholangiocyte markers (cytokeratin CK7, CK19, Muc1, epithelial membrane antigen and carcinoembryonic antigen) and three hepatic stem/progenitor cell markers (CD56, c‐Kit and EpCAM). The tumors were classified into three groups by tumor size: S1, < 2.0 cm; S2, 2.0–5.0 cm; S3, 5.0–8.0 cm. The tumors were also classified according to tumor differentiation: well, moderately and poorly differentiated. The relationship between the positive ratios of these markers, tumor size and tumor differentiation was examined.ResultsThe positive ratios of cholangiocyte markers tended to be higher in larger sized and more poorly differentiated tumors (except for CK7). The positive ratios of stem/progenitor cell markers tended to be higher in larger sized and more poorly differentiated tumors (except for c‐Kit).ConclusionOrdinary HCC can acquire the characteristic of positivity of cholangiocyte and stem/progenitor cell markers during the process of tumor progression.
Inorganic polyphosphates enhances nucleus pulposus tissue formation in vitro
Authors: Gawri Rahul , Shiba Toshikazu , Pilliar Robert , Kandel Rita 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTDisc degeneration is associated with low back pain for which currently there is no optimal therapy so there is a great need to identify new treatment approaches. Inorganic polyphosphates (polyP) are linear polymers of orthophosphate units varying in chain length and present in many cell types. As polyP has anabolic effects on chondrocytes, we hypothesized that polyP treatment would enhance matrix accumulation by nucleus pulposus (NP) cells. NP cells isolated from bovine caudal discs were grown in 3D culture under normoxic or in select experiments under hypoxic conditions, in the presence or absence of various concentrations and sizes of polyP. Gene expression was determined using RT‐PCR. Matrix accumulation was quantified by measuring proteoglycan and collagen contents. DAPI fluorescence shift was used to stain for polyP in tissue. DAPI staining showed polyP present predominantly in the pericellular region of in vitro formed tissue. PolyP treatment enhanced matrix accumulation in a concentration and chain length dependant manner. NP cells exposed to polyP‐22 (22 phosphate units length) showed an increase in gene expression of aggrecan, Collagen II, Sox 9, and MMP‐13 which was maintained for the 14 days of culture. This suggests that polyP may enhance NP tissue formation in vitro by upregulating the expression of matrix genes. As polyP enhances proteoglycan accumulation even under hypoxic conditions, this raises the possibility that polyP may be a novel treatment to induce NP regeneration. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:41–50, 2017.
Multi‐port‐driven birdcage coil for multiple‐mouse MR imaging at 7 T
Authors: Heo Phil , Seo Jeung‐Hoon , Han Sang‐Doc , Ryu Yeunchul , Byun Jong‐Deok , Kim Kyoung‐Nam , Lee Jung Hee 
Published: May 2016

SummaryIn ultra‐high field (UHF) imaging environments, it has been demonstrated that multiple‐mouse magnetic resonance imaging (MM‐MRI) is dependent on key factors such as the radiofrequency (RF) coil hardware, imaging protocol, and experimental setup for obtaining high‐resolution MR images. A key aspect is the RF coil, and a number of MM‐MRI studies have investigated the application of single‐channel RF transmit (Tx)/receive (Rx) coils or multi‐channel phased array (PA) coil configurations under a single gradient coil set. However, despite applying a variety of RF coils, Tx (|B1+|)‐field inhomogeneity still remains a major problem due to the relative shortening of the effective RF wavelength in the UHF environment. To address this issue, we propose a relatively smaller size of individual Tx‐only coils in a multiple birdcage (MBC) coil for MM‐MRI to image up to three mice. We use electromagnetic (EM) simulations in the finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) environment to obtain the |B1|‐field distribution. Our results clearly show that the single birdcage (SBC) high‐pass filter (HPF) configuration, which is referred to as the SBCHPF, under the absence of an RF shield exhibits a high |B1|‐field intensity in comparison with other coil configurations such as the low‐pass filter (LPF) and band‐pass filter (BPF) configurations. In a 7‐T MRI experiment, the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) map of the SBCHPF configuration shows the highest coil performance compared to other coil configurations. The MBCHPF coil, which is comprised of a triple‐SBCHPF configuration combined with additional decoupling techniques, is developed for simultaneous image acquisition of three mice. SCANNING 38:747–756, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Two‐level security for message sequences
Authors: Alimomeni Mohsen , Safavi‐Naini Reihaneh 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe consider a scenario where a sequence of messages must be protected and the security requirement is that, the most recent message has high level of security while past messages could be secured at a lower level. We assume the adversary is an eavesdropping adversary and has unlimited computational power. The motivation for this problem is situations where sensitivity of messages reduce over time, and this could be used to reduce the overall required key length of the system. The aforementioned requirements suggest dynamic security level for a message: when it is the last message in the sequence, it enjoys a high level of security, but as soon as a new message arrives, its security is decreased to a second lower level.We formalize security of this scenario, construct an encryption system with provable security, and show that the required key length in some sense (that will be explained) is optimal. We discuss our results and directions for future research. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pragmatic source code reuse via execution record and replay
Authors: Armaly Ameer , McMillan Collin 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA key problem during copy–paste source code reuse is that, to reuse even a small section of code from a program as opposed to an API, a programmer must include a huge amount of additional source code from elsewhere in the same program. This additional code is notoriously large and complex, and portions can only be identified at runtime. In this paper, we propose execution record/replay as a solution to this problem. We describe a novel reuse technique that allows programmers to reuse functions from a C or C++ program, by recording the execution of the program and selectively modifying how its functions are replayed. We have implemented our technique and evaluated it in an empirical study in which eight programmers used our tool to complete four tasks over four hours each. The participants found our technique to be easier than manually reusing the code as part of their project. We also found that the resulting code was smaller and less complex than it would have been had the participants manually reused the code. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Simple, Efficient, Context‐sensitive Approach for Code Completion
Authors: Asaduzzaman Muhammad , Roy Chanchal K. , Schneider Kevin A. , Hou Daqing 
Published: May 2016

AbstractCode completion helps developers use application programming interfaces (APIs) and frees them from remembering every detail. In this paper, we first describe a novel technique called Context‐sensitive Code Completion (CSCC) for improving the performance of API method call completion. CSCC is context sensitive in that it uses new sources of information as the context of a target method call. CSCC indexes method calls in code examples by their context. To recommend completion proposals, CSCC ranks candidate methods by the similarities between their contexts and the context of the target call. Evaluation using a set of subject systems and five popular state‐of‐the‐art techniques suggests that CSCC performs better than existing type or example‐based code completion systems. We conduct experiments to find how different contextual elements of the target call benefit CSCC. Next, we investigate the adaptability of the technique to support another form of code completion, i.e., field completion. Evaluation with eight different subject systems suggests that CSCC can easily support field completion with high accuracy. Finally, we compare CSCC with four popular statistical language models that support code completion. Results of statistical tests from our study suggest that CSCC not only outperforms those techniques that are based on token level language models, but also in most cases performs better or equally well with GraLan, the state‐of‐the‐art graph‐based language model. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ANALYZING COALITIONS IN CHINA'S POLICY FORMULATION: REFORMING THE ROLE OF STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES IN CHINA'S ENERGY SECTOR
Authors: Efird Brian , Lester Leo , Wise Ben 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe focus on the elite decision-making process in China, analyzing the formation of coalitions around particular policy options. We apply a framework that simulates collective decision-making processes (CDMP): the KAPSARC Toolkit for Behavioral Analysis (KTAB). KTAB facilitates the application of a Spatial Model of Politics, an open source model similar to Bueno de Mesquita's (1997) Expected Utility Model and the Senturion model (Abdollahian, et al 2006). KTAB provides a framework to understand logical consequences of subjective data inputs, enabling contrasting scenarios to be analyzed. We examine the interactions of actors' interests that drive China to reform its energy sector policies, in particular the structure of the Chinese National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC). In the case of private companies' entry into energy markets in China, we find that little reform is likely. The inertia of key actors holds back the potential for a significant opening of the energy sector. Despite the erosion of CNPC's political clout, there is little consensus for major reform to China's market position.
Quantifying solute spreading and mixing in reservoir rocks using 3-D PET imaging
Authors: Pini Ronny , Vandehey Nicholas T. , Druhan Jennifer , O’Neil James P. , Benson Sally M. 
Published: May 2016

We report results of an experimental investigation into the effects of small-scale (mm–cm) heterogeneities on solute spreading and mixing in a Berea sandstone core. Pulse-tracer tests have been carried out in the Péclet number regime $Pe=6{-}40$ and are supplemented by a unique combination of two imaging techniques. X-ray computed tomography (CT) is used to quantify subcore-scale heterogeneities in terms of permeability contrasts at a spatial resolution of approximately $10~\text{mm}^{3}$, while [11C] positron emission tomography (PET) is applied to image the spatial and temporal evolution of the full tracer plume non-invasively. To account for both advective spreading and local (Fickian) mixing as driving mechanisms for solute transport, a streamtube model is applied that is based on the one-dimensional advection–dispersion equation. We refer to our modelling approach as semideterministic, because the spatial arrangement of the streamtubes and the corresponding solute travel times are known from the measured rock’s permeability map, which required only small adjustments to match the measured tracer breakthrough curve. The model reproduces the three-dimensional PET measurements accurately by capturing the larger-scale tracer plume deformation as well as subcore-scale mixing, while confirming negligible transverse dispersion over the scale of the experiment. We suggest that the obtained longitudinal dispersivity ($0.10\pm 0.02$ cm) is rock rather than sample specific, because of the ability of the model to decouple subcore-scale permeability heterogeneity effects from those of local dispersion. As such, the approach presented here proves to be very valuable, if not necessary, in the context of reservoir core analyses, because rock samples can rarely be regarded as ‘uniformly heterogeneous’.
Numerical reconstructions of the penultimate glacial maximum Northern Hemisphere ice sheets: sensitivity to climate forcing and model parameters
Authors: WEKERLE CLAUDIA , COLLEONI FLORENCE , NÄSLUND JENS-OVE , BRANDEFELT JENNY , MASINA SIMONA 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTNumerous ice-sheet reconstructions of the last glacial cycle have been proposed, however due to limited geological evidence, reconstructing older Northern Hemisphere ice sheets remains a difficult exercise. Here we focus on the penultimate glacial maximum (PGM; ~140 ka BP) over the Northern Hemisphere. While some evidence of the PGM Eurasian ice-sheet extent were found, this is not the case for the corresponding Laurentide ice sheet. To improve the glaciological reconstructions of the PGM Northern Hemisphere ice sheets, we explore the parameter space of ice-sheet model uncertainties and carry out numerous univariate ice-sheet steady-state sensitivity simulations. We use two PGM climate simulations to force the ice-sheet model, differing in the prescribed Laurentide ice topography (small and large). The simulated Northern Hemisphere ice volume ranges from 124.7 to 152 m SLE when using the climate accounting for a small Laurentide ice sheet, which is compatible with global sea-level reconstructions of this period (−92 to −150 m). Conversely, using the climate simulation with a Laurentide ice sheet comparable in size to that of the last glacial maximum results in too large ice volumes. Changes in basal drag provide the upper bound ice volume of our experiments, whereas changes in the distribution of ice streams provide the lower bound.
Nicotine Replacement Therapy Use Predicts Smoking and Drinking Outcomes among Heavy-Drinking Smokers Calling a Tobacco Quitline
Authors: Rojewski Alana M. , Fucito Lisa M. , Baldassarri Stephen , Hyland Andrew , Cummings K. Michael , Toll Benjamin A. 
Published: May 2016

Introduction: Suboptimal use of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) may pose a significant barrier to smokers attempting to quit. We examined NRT use as a predictor of smoking abstinence and heavy drinking in a randomised trial of hazardous drinkers who contacted the NY State Smokers’ quitline for smoking cessation assistance.Methods: Participants (N = 1,948) received either Tobacco Only Counselling or Alcohol + Tobacco Counselling (ATC), both in addition to a 2-week supply of NRT. NRT use, smoking status, and heavy drinking days were assessed by self-report at the 7-month follow-up.Results: Of those smokers who completed the 7-month follow-up (N = 843), 53.1% used all of the NRT and 40.6% used some. Those who used all of the NRT were more likely to be abstinent from smoking than those who used some, and more likely to report no heavy drinking days than those who used some or none.Conclusions: Approximately half of the heavy drinking smokers calling the quitline are willing to use the 2-week supply of free NRT, and most will at least try it. Those who reported using all of the NRT were more likely to report smoking abstinence and no heavy drinking days at the 7-month follow-up.
QUASIPOLYNOMIAL SIZE FREGE PROOFS OF FRANKL’S THEOREM ON THE TRACE OF SETS
Authors: AISENBERG JAMES , BONET MARIA LUISA , BUSS SAM 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe extend results of Bonet, Buss and Pitassi on Bondy’s Theorem and of Nozaki, Arai and Arai on Bollobás’ Theorem by proving that Frankl’s Theorem on the trace of sets has quasipolynomial size Frege proofs. For constant values of the parametert, we prove that Frankl’s Theorem has polynomial size AC0-Frege proofs from instances of the pigeonhole principle.
The co-evolution of power and friendship networks in an organization
Authors: LABUN ALONA , WITTEK RAFAEL , STEGLICH CHRISTIAN 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDespite the pivotal role that both power and interpersonal trust play in a multitude of social exchange situations, relatively little is known about their interplay. Moreover, previous theorizing makes competing claims. Do we consider our relatively more powerful exchange partners to be less trustworthy, as rational choice reasoning would suggest? Or do more complex psychological mechanisms lead us to trust them more, as motivated cognition reasoning implies? Extending the latter approach, we develop and empirically test three hypotheses on the interrelation between perceptions of interpersonal trust and power. According to the status value hypothesis, individuals are more likely to befriend those whom they or others perceive as powerful. The status signaling hypothesis states that the friends of people one perceives as powerful will also be seen as powerful. According to the self-monitoring hypothesis, high self-monitors are more likely than low self-monitors to befriend those they or others perceive as powerful. We use multiplex stochastic actor-based models to analyze the co-evolution of trust and power relations amongn= 49 employees in a Dutch Youth Care organization. Data covers three waves of a longitudinal sociometric network survey collected over a period of 18 months in the years 2009–2010. In general, we find some support for all three hypotheses, though the effects are weak. Being one of the first organizational field studies on the co-evolution of power and trust, we conclude with discussing the implications of these findings for the study of social exchange processes.
Mate choice and host discrimination behavior of the parasitoid Trichogramma chilonis
Authors: Wang D. , Lü L. , He Y. , Shi Q. , Tu C. , Gu J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTrichogramma chilonis Ishii (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) is an important natural enemy of many species of lepidopterous pests and a widely used biological control agent. Detailed knowledge about its mate choice and host discrimination behavior is lacking. In this study, we studied the mate choice and host discrimination behavior of T. chilonis in experimental arenas through video tracking. Males’ mate recognition capacity was realized by perceiving the sex pheromone of females. When offered two females of different species, male could distinguish the conspecific female from Trichogrammatoidea bactrae Nagaraja (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), a species that has overlapping hosts with T. chilonis. When placed with two females of different mating status, male preferred mating with the virgin female to the mated female. T. chilonis females could distinguish unparasitized host eggs from parasitized ones (parasitized by conspecific females or heterospecific females). They preferred to stay on and lay eggs in unparasitized host eggs. When T. chilonis females were only provided with parasitized host eggs (parasitized by T. chilonis and T. bactrae females), conspecific superparasitism occurred more often than heterospecific superparasitism. Furthermore, the host egg discrimination ability of T. chilonis females was mainly achieved through antennal perception.