bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cr‐MIL‐101‐Encapsulated Keggin Phosphomolybdic Acid as a Catalyst for the One‐Pot Synthesis of 2,5‐Diformylfuran from Fructose
Authors: Zhao Jun , Anjali Jayakumar , Yan Yibo , Lee Jong‐Min 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe conversion of fructose into 2,5‐diformylfuran (DFF) is a tandem reaction that consists of the dehydration of fructose to 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) catalyzed by an acid catalyst and subsequent oxidation of HMF to DFF by a redox catalyst. Phosphomolybdic acid encapsulated in MIL‐101 (PMA–MIL‐101), with high Brønsted acidity and moderate redox potential, was evaluated as a promising catalyst for the one‐pot synthesis of DFF directly from fructose. The results demonstrated that PMA–MIL‐101 was an efficient and recyclable bifunctional catalyst for the production of DFF from fructose in DMSO; it showed high activity and selectivity towards the direct transformation of fructose into DFF, and it could be reused. A satisfactory DFF yield of 75.1 % was obtained over 2 PMA–MIL‐101 in a one‐pot, one‐step reaction under optimal reaction conditions.
Characterization of New Wire Gauze High‐Capacity Structured Packing with Varied Inclination Angle
Authors: Amini Younes , Karimi-Sabet Javad , Esfahany Mohsen Nasr 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA new high‐capacity structured packing (PACK‐1300) was investigated for the separation of mixtures with low separation factor. The effect of the inclination angle was studied. In order to enhance the pressure drop and the separation efficiency of PACK‐1300, the surface area and porosity were increased. In addition, comprehensive parametric studies were performed to evaluate the dry/wet pressure drop and mass‐transfer efficiency under various operating conditions. Increasing the inclination angle enhances the capacity and decreases the efficiency of the packings. PACK‐1300W reduced the dry and wet pressure drop significantly more than PACK‐1300Z. Finally, the separation efficiency results show that the height equivalent to a theoretical plate decreased with decreasing inclination angle.
Alkene Metalates as Hydrogenation Catalysts
Authors: Büschelberger Philipp , Gärtner Dominik , Reyes‐Rodriguez Efrain , Kreyenschmidt Friedrich , Koszinowski Konrad , Jacobi von Wangelin Axel , Wolf Robert 
Published: December 2016

AbstractFirst‐row transition‐metal complexes hold great potential as catalysts for hydrogenations and related reductive reactions. Homo‐ and heteroleptic arene/alkene metalates(1−) (M=Co, Fe) are a structurally distinct catalyst class with good activities in hydrogenations of alkenes and alkynes. The first syntheses of the heteroleptic cobaltates [K([18]crown‐6)][Co(η4‐cod)(η2‐styrene)2] (5) and [K([18]crown‐6)][Co(η4‐dct)(η4‐cod)] (6), and the homoleptic complex [K(thf)2][Co(η4‐dct)2] (7; dct=dibenzo[a,e]cyclooctatetraene, cod=1,5‐cyclooctadiene), are reported. For comparison, two cyclopentadienylferrates(1−) were synthesized according to literature procedures. The isolated and fully characterized monoanionic complexes were competent precatalysts in alkene hydrogenations under mild conditions (2 bar H2, r.t., THF). Mechanistic studies by NMR spectroscopy, ESI mass spectrometry, and poisoning experiments documented the operation of a homogeneous mechanism, which was initiated by facile redox‐neutral π‐ligand exchange with the substrates followed by H2 activation. The substrate scope of the investigated precatalysts was also extended to polar substrates (ketones and imines).
Voltage combined with pace mapping is simple and effective for ablation of noninducible premature ventricular contractions originating from the right ventricular outflow tract
Authors: Wang Zefeng , Zhang Heping , Peng Hui , Shen Xuhua , Sun Zhijun , Zhao Can , Dong Ruiqing , Gao Huikuan , Wu Yongquan 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundPremature ventricular contractions (PVCs) from the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) can resist conventional mapping strategies. Studies regarding optimal mapping and ablation methods for patients with noninducible RVOT‐PVCs are limited. We retrospectively evaluated the efficacy and safety of a novel mapping strategy for these cases: voltage mapping combined with pace mapping.HypothesisMethodsWe retrospectively included symptomatic patients (n = 148; 76 males; age, 44.5 ± 1.4 years) with drug‐refractory PVCs originating from the RVOT, who underwent radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA), and stratified them as Group 1 and Group 2. Group 1 patients had noninducible RVOT‐PVCs, determined after programmed stimulation, burst pacing, and isoproterenol infusion (n = 21; 12 males; age, 39.5 ± 10.8 years). Group 2 patients had inducible PVCs. Group 1 patients were subjected to voltage mapping combined with pace mapping; Group 2 underwent conventional mapping. In all patients prior to RFCA, detailed 3‐dimensional electroanatomic voltage maps of the RVOT were obtained during sinus rhythm using the CARTO system.ResultsPatients from both groups had similar success and complication rates associated with the RFCA. In Group 2, 89% (113/127) experienced the earliest and the successful ablation points in the voltage transitional zone. During the follow‐up (36 ± 8 months), patients from both groups suffered similar rates of PVC relapse (2/21 and 7/127, respectively; P = 0.826).ConclusionsVoltage mapping combined with pace mapping is effective and safe for patients with noninducible RVOT‐PVCs determined by conventional methods.
Impact of diabetes on mortality in peripheral artery disease: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Vrsalovic Mislav , Vucur Ksenija , Vrsalovic Presecki Ana , Fabijanic Damir , Milosevic Milan 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundThere are accumulating studies showing the association between diabetes and all‐cause mortality in peripheral vascular disease. However, the results in these studies are conflicting regarding the impact of diabetes on outcome.HypothesisDiabetes is associated with increased risk of mortality in peripheral artery disease.MethodsUsing MEDLINE and Scopus, we searched for studies published before January 2016. Additionally, studies were identified by manual search of references of original articles or review studies on this topic. Of the 1072 initially identified records, 21 studies with 15,857 patients were included in the final analysis.ResultsDiabetes was associated with a statistically significant increased risk of all‐cause mortality (odds ratio: 1.89, 95% confidence interval: 1.51‐2.35, P < 0.001), without detected publication bias (Egger bias = 0.75, P = 0.631). The stronger effect on outcome was obtained in patients with critical limb ischemia (odds ratio: 2.38, 95% confidence interval: 1.22‐4.63, P < 0.001) as the most severe form of peripheral vascular disease.ConclusionsDiabetes is associated with an increased risk of mortality in peripheral vascular disease, and the effect is even more pronounced in patients with critical limb ischemia.
Expression of programmed cell death‐1 and its ligand B7 homolog 1 in peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with peripartum cardiomyopathy
Authors: Xia Guozhi , Zheng Xiaopu , Yao Xinye , Yao Xiaowei , Liu Zhongwei , Wang Junkui 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundImmune response has been postulated to play a prominent role in the pathogenesis of peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM). Given the importance of programmed death (PD)‐1 and its ligand B7 homologue 1 (B7‐H1) costimulatory molecules as an immune regulatory pathway, this study aimed to investigate the effect of PD‐1 and B7‐H1 expression on immune response in peripheral blood lymphocytes from the patients with PPCM.HypothesisPD‐1 and B7‐H1 may be involved in modulating immune response in PPCM.MethodsPeripheral blood lymphocytes were obtained from PPCM and pregnancy‐matched healthy women. PD‐1 and B7‐H1 expression were determined using fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reactions (RT‐PCR) and Western blot. The presence of serum interferon (IFN)‐γ and interleukin (IL)‐4 were determined with enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsThe levels of pro‐brain natriuretic peptide and IFN‐γ were markedly elevated, whereas the levels of left ventricular ejection fraction and IL‐4 were significantly reduced in PPCM patients compared to controls. Additionally, both RT‐PCR and Western blot revealed that the levels of PD‐1 and B7‐H1 expression were decreased significantly in PPCM patients compared with controls. A significant positive correlation was observed between PD‐1 and B7‐H1 expression. Furthermore, PD‐1 and B7‐H1 expression showed significant negative correlation with IFN‐γ, as well as positive correlation with IL‐4. Therefore, decreased expression of PD‐1 and B7‐H1 led to a dysregulating immune response such that cellular immunity linked to T helper (Th)1 cells was predominant over humoral immunity linked to Th2 cells in PPCM.ConclusionsThis study provided the first findings that PD‐1 and B7‐H1 expression were decreased, which might impair functional regulation of negative costimulation on immune response that may work in the etiopathogenesis of PPCM.
Evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function profile in patients with pulmonary hypertension due to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Raeisi‐Giglou Pejman , Lam Louis , Tamarappoo Balaji K. , Newman Jennie , Dweik Raed A. , Tonelli Adriano R. 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundEchocardiography plays an important role in the diagnostic work up of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). We sought to determine the left ventricular (LV) diastolic profile by echocardiography in patients diagnosed with pulmonary hypertension (PH) due to PH‐HFpEF.HypothesisThe study of LV diastolic function by echocardiography has limitations in patients with HFpEF and PH, and certain LV diastolic determinations convey a worse prognosis.MethodsWe included patients with postcapillary PH and diagnosis of PH‐HFpEF. Investigators reviewed Doppler echocardiograms completed within 3 months of the diagnostic right heart catheterization.ResultsWe included 149 patients with a mean ± standard deviation age of 63 ± 14 years; 58% were women. LV diastolic function profile was determined as normal (41%), grade I (34%), and grade II and grade III (25%). Pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance were higher and cardiac output lower in patients with LV diastolic dysfunction profile; however, pulmonary artery wedge pressure was not significantly different among grades of LV diastolic function. Although there was an association between the presence of LV diastolic dysfunction profile and long‐term survival (P = 0.03), it disappeared when adjusting for age and gender. Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction, paradoxical septal motion, and higher RV systolic pressure remained the only variables significantly associated with poor survival.ConclusionsThe profile of LV diastolic dysfunction by conventional echocardiography is highly variable in patients with PH‐HFpEF and has no significant impact on long‐term survival. A more severe RV function and higher right ventricle systolic pressure were associated with worse survival.
From Models of Hemoproteins to Self‐Assembled Molecular Wires
Authors: Kahlfuss Christophe , Wytko Jennifer A. , Weiss Jean 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn nature, the various properties of tetrapyrrolic macrocycles are mostly due to their proteic environment and result from an evolutionary process that is difficult to reproduce during the lifetime of a synthetic chemist. Thus, the task of synthetic chemists attempting to reproduce the biological role of porphyrin architectures, which perform functions from catalysis to light harvesting, is complicated. This account describes how a phenanthroline‐strapped porphyrin architecture initially designed to afford new hemoprotein models led, over the last two decades, to the preparation of highly linear self‐assembled nano‐objects inspired by light‐harvesting architectures. The approach summarized herein mimics, in a very modest way, the polyvalence of tetrapyrrolic macrocycles found in nature.
Genetic engineering to eradicate invasive mice on islands: modeling the efficiency and ecological impacts
Authors: Backus Gregory A. , Gross Kevin 
Published: December 2016

AbstractInvasive rodents are usually eradicated from islands through the application of chemical toxicants that can harm surrounding ecosystems. A recently proposed alternative involves engineering a house mouse (Mus musculus) to carry a genetic construct that would cause a majority of its offspring to be male, many of which would be sterile. Releasing these genetically engineered mice to interbreed with an invasive population would reduce the number of fertile female mice until no more remain. We constructed a mathematical model to analyze the population dynamics of eradication with this genetically engineered mouse and determined its eradication efficiency through model analysis and simulations. Because genetically engineered mice would likely have a fitness disadvantage compared to wild mice, we found that they would need to be repeatedly released into the population to ensure complete eradication. However, if genetically engineered mice have a substantial survival advantage, we determined that the genetic construct could theoretically spread and eradicate a population after a single pulsed release onto the target island or after an engineered mouse escapes to a non‐target location. Also, while the species specificity of genetic engineering avoids some of the non‐target impacts of traditional eradication methods, ecological impacts could manifest indirectly. We compared several metrics to estimate potential transient impacts on the ecosystem and found that there is a trade‐off between the speed of an eradication and the intensity of increased disruptive ecological interactions. Together, our results can inform safe and efficient ecological practices for eradication with developing genetic engineering technology.
Climate change and water‐related ecosystem services: impacts of drought in california, usa
Authors: Chang Heejun , Bonnette Matthew Ryan 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
We investigated the potential impacts of climate change on water‐related ecosystem services (). Based on the review of the recent literature, we concluded that climate change will have substantial effects on provisioning, regulating, and cultural via changes in the distribution and value of water over space and time. However, the effects of climate change on specific will be different depending on the extent of the impact of such changes in the distribution of water and the adaptive capacity of the region's biophysical and social system. The 2015 California drought provides an excellent example of the cascading effects of climate change on multiple . Declining streamflow and the concomitant rising stream temperatures have immediately threatened the provision of drinking water and hydropower generation and threatened the health of ecosystems that rely on water. The secondary effects of drought on are widespread across different water‐dependent industries, including water‐based recreation. The findings of our study also show that the impacts of climate change will differ by location, suggesting a need for a place‐based flexible climate adaptation strategy. We also suggest that future research directions include the examination of: (1) the multiple cascading effects of climate change on potential synergies and tradeoffs among different , (2) the specific effects of changing climate and the connectivity of from upstream to downstream users, (3) the changing value of over space and time under changing climates, and (4) the effectiveness of various climate adaptation measures on the whole suite of .
Prevalence, causes, and behavioral and emotional comorbidities of acute symptomatic seizures in Africa: A critical review
Authors: Kariuki Symon M. , Abubakar Amina , Stein Alan , Marsh Kevin , Newton Charles R. J. C. 
Published: December 2016

SummarySeizures with fever includes both febrile seizures (due to nonneurological febrile infections) and acute symptomatic seizures (due to neurological febrile infections). The cumulative incidence (lifetime prevalence) of febrile seizures in children aged ≤6 years is 2–5% in American and European studies, but there are no community‐based data on acute symptomatic seizures in Africa. The incidence of acute symptomatic seizures in sub‐Saharan Africa is more than twice that in high‐income countries. However, most studies of acute symptomatic seizures from Africa are based on hospital samples or do not conduct surveys in demographic surveillance systems, which underestimates the burden. It is difficult to differentiate between febrile seizures and acute symptomatic seizures in Africa, especially in malaria‐endemic areas where malaria parasites can sequester in the brain microvasculature; but this challenge can be addressed by robust identification of underlying causes. The proportion of complex acute symptomatic seizures (i.e., seizures that are focal, repetitive, or prolonged) in Africa are twice that reported in other parts of the world (>60% vs. ∼30%), which is often attributed to falciparum malaria. These complex phenotypes of acute symptomatic seizures can be associated with behavioral and emotional problems in high‐income countries, and outcomes may be even worse in Africa. One Kenyan study reported behavioral and emotional problems in approximately 10% of children admitted with acute symptomatic seizures, but it is not clear whether the behavioral and emotional problems were due to the seizures, shared genetic susceptibility, etiology, or underlying neurological damage. The underlying neurological damage in acute symptomatic seizures can lead not only to behavioral and emotional problems but also to neurocognitive impairment and epilepsy. Electroencephalography may have a prognostic role in African children with acute symptomatic seizures. There are significant knowledge gaps regarding acute symptomatic seizures in Africa, which results in lack of reliable estimates for planning interventions. Future epidemiological studies of acute symptomatic seizures should be set up in Africa.
Biodegradation and mineralization of isotopically labeled TNT and RDX in anaerobic marine sediments
Authors: Ariyarathna Thivanka , Vlahos Penny , Smith Richard W. , Fallis Stephen , Groshens Thomas , Tobias Craig 
Published: December 2016

Abstract

The lack of knowledge on the fate of explosive compounds 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), particularly in marine ecosystems, constrains the application of bioremediation techniques in explosive-contaminated coastal sites. The authors present a comparative study on anaerobic biodegradation and mineralization of 15N-nitro group isotopically labeled TNT and RDX in organic carbon–rich, fine-grained marine sediment with native microbial assemblages. Separate sediment slurry experiments were carried out for TNT and RDX at 23°C for 16 d. Dissolved and sediment-sorbed fractions of parent and transformation products, isotopic compositions of sediment, and mineralization products of the dissolved inorganic N pool (15NH4+,15NO3–,15NO2–, and 15N2) were measured. The rate of TNT removal from the aqueous phase was faster (0.75 h−1) than that of RDX (0.37 h−1), and 15N accumulation in sediment was higher in the TNT (13%) than the RDX (2%) microcosms. Mono-amino-dinitrotoluenes were identified as intermediate biodegradation products of TNT. Two percent of the total spiked TNT-N is mineralized to dissolved inorganic N through 2 different pathways: denitration as well as deamination and formation of NH4+, facilitated by iron and sulfate reducing bacteria in the sediments. The majority of the spiked TNT-N (85%) is in unidentified pools by day 16. Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (10%) biodegrades to nitroso derivatives, whereas 13% of RDX-N in nitro groups is mineralized to dissolved inorganic N anaerobically by the end of the experiment. The primary identified mineralization end product of RDX (40%) is NH4+, generated through either deamination or mono-denitration, followed by ring breakdown. A reasonable production of N2 gas (13%) was seen in the RDX system but not in the TNT system. Sixty-eight percent of the total spiked RDX-N is in an unidentified pool by day 16 and may include unquantified mineralization products dissolved in water. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1170–1180. © 2016 SETAC
THE EARLY HOME ENVIRONMENT OF LATINO BOYS AND THEIR PEERS: A DEVELOPMENTAL PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Cabrera Natasha J. , Malin Jenessa L. , Kuhns Catherine , West Jerry 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTUsing a sample (N = 5,200) drawn from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study‐Birth Cohort, we examined Latino boys’ developmental profiles and their early home experiences from 9 months to kindergarten entry in comparison to their peers—Latina girls and White boys. We also examined how children's early home experiences related to outcomes at kindergarten entry and whether these varied by gender and ethnicity. Controlling for socioeconomic indicators, the largest mean group differences were between Latino and White boys, beginning at 24 months and persisting at kindergarten entry. There were modest differences between Latino boys and Latina girls on some outcomes, with boys showing an early and persistent advantage in math and girls showing a persistent advantage in social skills. Household resources and maternal and paternal investments in literacy activities were the strongest predictors of children's preacademic skills at kindergarten entry. Our model did not vary by gender or ethnicity, suggesting that the ingredients for learning are the same for all children.
Protective effects of trans‐caryophyllene on maintaining osteoblast function
Authors: Shan Jinghua , Chen Lixia , Lu Keliang 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAge‐related osteoblast dysfunction is the main cause of age‐related bone loss. Trans‐caryophyllene (TC) is an important constituent of the essential oils derived from several species of medicinal plants. In this study, we investigated the effects of TC on osteoblast function in osteoblastic MC3T3‐E1 cells. The results indicate that TC caused a significant elevation in collagen content, alkaline phosphatase activity, osteocalcin production, and mineralization, which are the four markers that account for the various stages of osteoblastic differentiation. In addition, pretreatment with TC prior to antimycin A exposure significantly reduced antimycin A‐induced cell damage by attenuating cell death, preventing the release of reactive oxygen species and impeding osteoblast dysfunction. TC has been shown to be an agonist of the cannabinoid type 2 receptor (CB2R), and the effects of TC on osteocalcin secretion and matrix mineralization were abolished in MC3T3E1 cells transfected with CB2R siRNA. Our findings that TC promotes the formation of a mineralized extracellular matrix help to elucidate the role of CB2 signaling in the formation of bone and the maintenance of normal bone mass. © 2016 IUBMB Life, 69(1):22–29, 2017