bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary Charge Separation in the Photosystem II Reaction Center Revealed by a Global Analysis of the Two-dimensional Electronic Spectra
Authors: Duan Hong-Guang , Prokhorenko Valentyn I. , Wientjes Emilie , Croce Roberta , Thorwart Michael , Miller R. J. Dwayne 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe transfer of electronic charge in the reaction center of Photosystem II is one of the key building blocks of the conversion of sunlight energy into chemical energy within the cascade of the photosynthetic reactions. Since the charge transfer dynamics is mixed with the energy transfer dynamics, an effective tool for the direct resolution of charge separation in the reaction center is still missing. Here, we use experimental two-dimensional optical photon echo spectroscopy in combination with the theoretical calculation to resolve its signature. A global fitting analysis allows us to clearly and directly identify a decay pathway associated to the primary charge separation. In particular, it can be distinguished from regular energy transfer and occurs on a time scale of 1.5 ps under ambient conditions. This technique provides a general tool to identify charge separation signatures from the energy transport in two-dimensional optical spectroscopy.
Whole genome characterization of sequence diversity of 15,220 Icelanders
Authors: Jónsson Hákon , Sulem Patrick , Kehr Birte , Kristmundsdottir Snaedis , Zink Florian , Hjartarson Eirikur , Hardarson Marteinn T. , Hjorleifsson Kristjan E. , Eggertsson Hannes P. , Gudjonsson Sigurjon Axel , Ward Lucas D. , Arnadottir Gudny A. , Helgason Einar A. , Helgason Hannes , Gylfason Arnaldur , Jonasdottir Adalbjorg , Jonasdottir Aslaug , Rafnar Thorunn , Besenbacher Soren , Frigge Michael L. , Stacey Simon N. , Magnusson Olafur Th. , Thorsteinsdottir Unnur , Masson Gisli , Kong Augustine , Halldorsson Bjarni V. , Helgason Agnar , Gudbjartsson Daniel F. , Stefansson Kari 
Published: September 2017

AbstractUnderstanding of sequence diversity is the cornerstone of analysis of genetic disorders, population genetics, and evolutionary biology. Here, we present an update of our sequencing set to 15,220 Icelanders who we sequenced to an average genome-wide coverage of 34X. We identified 39,020,168 autosomal variants passing GATK filters: 31,079,378 SNPs and 7,940,790 indels. Calling de novo mutations (DNMs) is a formidable challenge given the high false positive rate in sequencing datasets relative to the mutation rate. Here we addressed this issue by using segregation of alleles in three-generation families. Using this transmission assay, we controlled the false positive rate and identified 108,778 high quality DNMs. Furthermore, we used our extended family structure and read pair tracing of DNMs to a panel of phased SNPs, to determine the parent of origin of 42,961 DNMs.
Investigating the interstellar dust through the Fe K-edge
Authors: Rogantini D. , Costantini E. , Zeegers S. T. , de Vries C. P. , Bras W. , de Groot F. , Mutschke H. , Waters L. B. F. M. 
Published: September 2017

Context. The chemical and physical properties of interstellar dust in the densest regions of the Galaxy are still not well understood. X-rays provide a powerful probe since they can penetrate gas and dust over a wide range of column densities (up to 1024 cm-2). The interaction (scattering and absorption) with the medium imprints spectral signatures that reflect the individual atoms which constitute the gas, molecule, or solid.
Aims. In this work we investigate the ability of high resolution X-ray spectroscopy to probe the properties of cosmic grains containing iron. Although iron is heavily depleted into interstellar dust, the nature of the Fe-bearing grains is still largely uncertain.
Methods. In our analysis we use iron K-edge synchrotron data of minerals likely present in the ISM dust taken at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility. We explore the prospects of determining the chemical composition and the size of astrophysical dust in the Galactic centre and in molecular clouds with future X-ray missions. The energy resolution and the effective area of the present X-ray telescopes are not sufficient to detect and study the Fe K-edge, even for bright X-ray sources.
Results. From the analysis of the extinction cross sections of our dust models implemented in the spectral fitting program SPEX, the Fe K-edge is promising for investigating both the chemistry and the size distribution of the interstellar dust. We find that the chemical composition regulates the X-ray absorption fine structures in the post edge region, whereas the scattering feature in the pre-edge is sensitive to the mean grain size. Finally, we note that the Fe K-edge is insensitive to other dust properties, such as the porosity and the geometry of the dust.
Prediction of Pathological Complete Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Primary Breast Cancer Comparing Interim Ultrasound, Shear Wave Elastography and MRI
Authors: Evans Andrew , Whelehan Patsy , Thompson Alastair , Purdie Colin , Jordan Lee , Macaskill Jane , Waugh Shelley , Fuller-Pace Frances , Brauer Katrin , Vinnicombe Sarah 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Background Prediction of pathological complete response (pCR) of primary breast cancer to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) may influence planned surgical approaches in the breast and axilla. The aim of this project is to assess the value of interim shear wave elastography (SWE), ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after 3 cycles in predicting pCR.
Methods 64 patients receiving NACT had baseline and interim US, SWE and MRI examinations. The mean lesion stiffness at SWE, US and MRI diameter was measured at both time points. We compared four parameters with pCR status: a) Interim mean stiffness ≤ or > 50 kPa; b) Percentage stiffness reduction; c) Percentage US diameter reduction and d) Interim MRI response using RECIST criteria. The Chi square test was used to assess significance.
Results Interim stiffness of ≤ or > 50 kPa gave the best prediction of pCR with pCR seen in 10 of 14 (71 %) cancers with an interim stiffness of ≤ 50 kPa, compared to 7 of 50 (14 %) of cancers with an interim stiffness of > 50 kPa, (p < 0.0001) (sensitivity 59 %, specificity 91 %, PPV 71 %, NPV 86 % and diagnostic accuracy 83 %). Percentage reduction in stiffness was the next best parameter (sensitivity 59 %, specificity 85 %, p < 0.0004) followed by reduction in MRI diameter of > 30 % (sensitivity 50 % and specificity 79 %, p = 0.03) and % reduction in US diameter (sensitivity 47 %, specificity 81 %, p = 0.03). Similar results were obtained from ROC analysis.
Conclusion SWE stiffness of breast cancers after 3 cycles of NACT and changes in stiffness from baseline are strongly associated with pCR after 6 cycles.
The Role of Gut Hormones in Diet-Induced Weight Change: A Systematic Review
Authors: Zhao Xue , Han Qing , Gang Xiaokun , Lv You , Liu Yujia , Sun Chenglin , Wang Guixia 
Published: September 2017

AbstractGut hormones are known to play an important role in long-term weight loss maintenance after bariatric surgery. However, the interplay between gut hormones and diet-induced weight changes remains unclear. Our aims were to evaluate the alterations of gut hormones in diet-induced weight loss, weight maintenance, and weight regain periods. Available studies were searched on MEDLINE, EMASE, ClinicalTrials.gov, the Cochrane Library, and Web of science from inception to October 2016. After selection, 16 studies with 656 participants were included. Based on current evidence, we found significant alterations of gut hormones induced by different diets. In weight-loss diets, decreased fasting total PYY, GLP-1, CCK, GIP, PP, and amylin along with increased ghrelin levels were observed in most studies. After weight loss, the persistent decreases of fasting total PYY and GLP-1 levels as well as increased appetite were reported, suggesting the profound impact of altered gut hormones on later weight regain after dietary intervention. The differences between diet-induced changes in gut hormones and other treatments such as bariatric surgery and exercise are also discussed in this review. Although significant alterations of gut hormones were found during weight changes, huge heterogeneity exists in methods and populations. More large-scale studies with elaborate design addressing the gut hormone alterations in dietary weight regulation are required in the future.
Vigorous Physical Activity is Associated with Regular Aerobic Exercise-Induced Increased Serum Testosterone Levels in Overweight/Obese Men
Authors: Kumagai Hiroshi , Yoshikawa Toru , Zempo-Miyaki Asako , Myoenzono Kanae , Tsujimoto Takehiko , Tanaka Kiyoji , Maeda Seiji 
Published: September 2017

AbstractTestosterone is a male sex hormone and low circulating testosterone levels are associated with various health disorders in men. Obesity results in reduced circulating testosterone levels in men. Previously, we demonstrated that lifestyle modifications (combination of aerobic exercise and dietary modification) increase circulating testosterone levels in overweight/obese men. However, the effect of regular aerobic exercise on serum testosterone levels remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a 12-week aerobic exercise intervention on circulating testosterone levels in normal-weight and overweight/obese men. Sixteen normal-weight men and twenty-eight overweight/obese men completed a 12-week aerobic exercise intervention. Before and after the intervention, we measured serum total testosterone, free testosterone, and bioavailable testosterone levels, and categorized the physical activity levels (light, moderate, or vigorous) in all participants. At baseline, serum total testosterone, free testosterone, and bioavailable testosterone levels were significantly lower in overweight/obese men than in normal-weight men (all p<0.01). After the 12-week aerobic exercise intervention, serum total testosterone, free testosterone, and bioavailable testosterone levels significantly increased in overweight/obese men (p<0.01). In addition, stepwise multivariable linear regression analysis revealed the increase in vigorous physical activity was independently associated with increased serum total testosterone levels (β=0.47, p=0.011). We demonstrated that a 12-week aerobic exercise intervention increased serum total testosterone, free testosterone, and bioavailable testosterone levels in overweight/obese men. We suggest that an increase in vigorous physical activity increased circulating testosterone levels in overweight/obese men.
Current Utilization and Acceptance of Multiparametric MRI in the Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer. A Regional Survey
Authors: Ullrich Tim , Schimmöller Lars , Oymanns Mathias , Blondin Dirk , Dietzel Frederic , Kirchner Julian , Arsov Christian , Rabenalt Robert , Albers Peter , Antoch Gerald , Quentin Michael 
Published: September 2017

Purpose To assess the current regional acceptance, valuation, and clinical role of multiparametric MRI (mp-MRI) in prostate cancer diagnostics by patients and physicians.
Materials and Methods Of 482 distributed standardized questionnaires, 328 patient and 31 physician questionnaires (urological and general practitioners in and around Düsseldorf) were analyzed over a period of 11 months. Questions were asked concerning general knowledge about prostate cancer, current diagnostic procedures, and knowledge about mp-MRI and MRI-guided biopsy.
Results 70 % of the patients regarded accurate and exact diagnostics of prostate carcinomas as very important and 68 % considered MP-MRI a useful technique. 28 % of the patients with elevated PSA levels and negative transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy (TRUS-GB) received MP-MRI as a secondary diagnostic. More than half of the patients estimated their overall knowledge about prostate cancer mediocre or worse and wished for more information about MR diagnostics. The majority of physicians (55 %) ordered MP-MRI studies of the prostate and 68 % saw their basic role in secondary diagnostics.
Conclusion In this regional assessment mp-MRI of the prostate was considered useful by patients and practitioners. Currently, there still is a considerable discrepancy between recommended and the actual number of conducted MP-MRI studies, particularly in patients after previous negative TRUS-GB, although practitioners already see the benefit in this patient collective. Even though the use of prostate MRI is frequently more established than suggested in the current German S3-guideline, its full potential has not yet been exploited. More comprehensive information about the applications and diagnostic benefits of prostate MRI is needed and desired among patients and physicians.
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Feasibility of a complete pancreatobiliary linear endoscopic ultrasound examination from the stomach
Authors: Dhir Vinay , Adler Douglas , Pausawasdi Nonthalee , Maydeo Amit , Ho Khek 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Background and study aims Linear endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) evaluation of the pancreaticobiliary system usually requires scanning from both the stomach and the duodenum. The feasibility of assessing the complete pancreaticobiliary system from the stomach alone has not been studied. We aimed to conceptualize a system-based approach (the railroad approach) for linear pancreaticobiliary EUS (PB-EUS) and evaluate whether the pancreaticobiliary anatomy could be assessed from the stomach alone.
Patients and methods Three maneuvers were conceptualized and evaluated (the alpha maneuver in the stomach, and sigma and xi maneuvers in the duodenum). The maneuvers were prospectively evaluated in 100 consecutive patients requiring PB-EUS.
Results The median procedure time for the three maneuvers was significantly higher than that for the alpha maneuver alone (12 vs. 6 minutes; P ≤ 0.001). The visualization rate of the hilum and common hepatic duct was significantly higher from the stomach than from the duodenum (100 % vs. 83.5 %; P ≤ 0.001), while rates for the head of the pancreas (100 % vs 100 %) and uncinate process (100 % vs 100 %) did not differ. The suprapancreatic common bile duct (CBD; 92 % vs 100 %; P = 0.006), retropancreatic CBD (95 % vs 100 %; P = 0.06), and pancreatic duct in the head (94 % vs 100 %; P = 0.03) were not completely visualized from the stomach, because of pancreatic calcification or shadow from the ligaments. The EUS diagnosis made from the stomach and duodenum did not differ after excluding body and tail lesions (pancreatic head neoplasms, 100 % vs 100 %; CBD stone, 100 % vs 84.6 %; pancreatic cysts in the head, 83.3 % vs 83.3 %, respectively).
Conclusions Adequate anatomical and diagnostic information on the pancreaticobiliary system may be acquired by EUS scanning from the stomach alone and with a shorter procedure time.
Radiation Exposure During Uterine Fibroid Embolization (UFE): A Confounder-Controlled Comparison Between a State-of-the-Art Angiography Unit and a Conventional Angiography unit
Authors: Sommer Christof-Matthias , Voigt Wieland , Klapp Oliger Michel , Schlett Christopher , Erpenbach Stefan , Thomas Katrina , Hatopp Andreas , Kurz Patrick , Richter Goetz 
Published: September 2017

Purpose To compare radiation exposure of a state-of-the-art and a conventional angiography unit in patients undergoing uterine fibroid embolization (UFE).
Materials and Methods Between January 2009 and December 2016, 286 patients underwent UFE in our Interdisciplinary Fibroid Center. The inclusion criteria for this retrospective analysis were first-time transarterial embolization for symptomatic fibroids, bilateral embolization, procedures applying a state-of-the-art (Group 1) or a conventional angiography unit (Group 2), and bilateral technical success with an adequate embolization endpoint after the injection of microspheres. Study endpoints included radiation exposure, major complications, morphological success (MRI), and clinical success (questionnaire on quality-of-life). Propensity score matching controlled for confounders.
Results The inclusion criteria were met by 58 (Group 1) and 177 (Group 2) patients. After propensity score matching, there was no significant difference between Group 1 (n = 46) and Group 2 (n = 92) regarding age, body-mass index, volume of the dominant fibroid and the uterus, fluoroscopy time, and amount of embolic agent (p ≥ 0.10 each). The dose-area product was significantly lower in Group 1 than in Group 2 (1159.0 cGycm2 vs. 3123.5 cGycm2; p < 0.001), while major complication rates (both groups 0 %) and dominant fibroid devascularization (both groups 100 %) were equal (p > 0.99). There were no significant differences between both groups regarding shrinkage of the dominant fibroid and the uterus and no relevant differences regarding patient-reported quality-of-life.
Conclusion A state-of-the-art angiography unit has the potential to reduce radiation exposure in patients undergoing UFE without increasing the risk of major complications and with comparably high morphological and clinical success.
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Strain-rate sensitivity of Mg–Gd alloys after extrusion and simple shear extrusion
Authors: Bayat Tork N. , Razavi S. H. , Saghafian H. , Mahmudi R. 
Published: September 2017

Pure Mg and Mg–Gd alloys with 0.5–2 wt-% gadolinium (Gd) were processed by extrusion and simple shear extrusion (SSE). The strain-rate sensitivity (SRS) was investigated by shear punch testing (SPT) at temperatures ranging from 573 to 723 K and for shear strain rates ranging between 0.016 and 0.13 s−1. The Gd-containing alloys processed by SSE showed small m-values at 573 K, which increased with increasing temperature up to 673 K, and decreased afterwards due to grain growth. The highest SRS index (0.47) was found at 673 K for Mg-2Gd after 4 passes of SSE, coinciding with the finest grain size (2 µm). This implies that the material can behave superplastically via a grain boundary sliding mechanism. This paper is part of a thematic issue on Light Alloys.
Does regional disadvantage affect health‐related sport and physical activity level? A multi‐level analysis of individual behaviour
Authors: Wicker Pamela , Downward Paul , Lera‐López Fernando 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis study examines the role of regional government quality in health‐related participation in sport and physical activity among adults (18–64 years) in 28 European countries. The importance of the analysis rests in the relative autonomy that regional and local governments have over policy decisions connected with sport and physical activity. While existing studies have focussed on economic and infrastructural investment and expenditure, this research investigates the quality of regional governments across 208 regions within 28 European countries. The individual‐level data stem from the 2013 Eurobarometer 80.2 (n = 18,675) and were combined with regional‐level data from Eurostat. An individual's level of participation in sport and physical activity was measured by three variables reflecting whether an individual's activity level is below, meets, or exceeds the recommendations of the World Health Organization. The results of multi‐level analyses reveal that regional government quality has a significant and positive association with individual participation in sport and physical activity at a level meeting or exceeding the guidelines. The impact is much larger than that of regional gross domestic product per capita, indicating that regional disadvantage in terms of political quality is more relevant than being disadvantaged in terms of economic wealth.
Premigration Patterns of Growth, Condition, and Resource Use by the Spring-Spawned and Summer-Spawned Cohorts of Juvenile Bluefish in the Hudson River Estuary, New York
Authors: Stormer David G. , Juanes Francis 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
In fish populations with multiple age-classes of similar size and close proximity, interactions between age-classes may be an important source of density-dependent population structuring if there is a disparity in competitive ability, creating a competitive bottleneck. However, intercohort competitive interactions within a single year-class have rarely been investigated and may have implications for recruitment success. Bluefish Pomatomus saltatrix produce at least two cohorts (spring- and summer-spawned) of offspring each year, and juveniles of this species are abundant in the lower Hudson River estuary, New York, during summer and early autumn. Our objectives were to evaluate the potential for a competitive bottleneck between these spring and summer cohorts by assessing the cohort-specific growth, condition, and patterns of resource use prior to the autumn migration in 2008 and 2009. The size advantage gained by the spring cohort resulting from earlier hatching dates was maintained throughout both summers. However, the summer juveniles achieved higher lipid content by the end of each summer. When the two cohorts inhabited the estuary at the same time, they exhibited high diet overlap and low spatial overlap. Although Bay Anchovy Anchoa mitchilli predominated the prey base, the two Bluefish cohorts exhibited cohort-specific size-selective feeding, such that the spring cohort preyed upon larger Bay Anchovy than the summer cohort, probably corresponding to different Bay Anchovy year-classes. In this large estuary, the two juvenile Bluefish cohorts exhibited unique strategies with respect to growth and condition, which widened the competitive bottleneck by separating their niches spatially and by foraging on different age-classes of Bay Anchovy.
Low Apparent Survival and Heterogeneous Movement Patterns of Invasive Blue Catfish in a Coastal River
Authors: Tuckey Troy D. , Fabrizio Mary C. , Norris Alicia J. , Groves Mary 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Blue Catfish Ictalurus furcatus were purposefully introduced into freshwater tributaries to Chesapeake Bay in the past, and populations have subsequently spread to new areas, negatively impacting native communities and causing concern for resource managers. To aid development of management strategies, we implemented a multiyear (2012–2015) tagging study of invasive Blue Catfish in a 40-km stretch of the Potomac River to estimate survival and assess movement patterns. Blue Catfish (N = 1,237) were captured by electrofishing and double-tagged to allow us to estimate tag retention rates; we used reward tags to increase reporting rates. Recaptured fish (N = 104; 8.4% return rate) were at large for between 2 and 1,208 d. Tag retention rates were 0.88 (SE = 0.045) after 1 year and declined to 0.31 (SE = 0.107) after 2.7 years. The mean minimum distance moved by fish was 24.1 km (range = 0.0–112.6 km). Most (63%) fish displayed downriver movements, but distance moved was unrelated to fish size or days at large. Greater distances were observed among fish that moved downriver (34.4 km) than those that moved upriver (6.7 km). These results suggest high variability in movement behaviors for Blue Catfish inhabiting the tidal Potomac River from freshwater reaches to estuarine habitats. We estimated an annual apparent survival rate of 0.56 (SE = 0.057; Brownie tag-return model) across the study period. This survival rate is lower than survival rates reported from their native range. Long-distance movements of Blue Catfish in the Potomac River indicate that robust, large-scale control measures will be needed to reduce population abundance and minimize negative impacts of this species on native communities.