bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les occupations néolithiques sur les grands tracés linéaires de Picardie : premier bilan
Authors: Bostyn Françoise 
Published: September 2016

The aim of this article is to present the new data concerning the Neolithic period obtained following major linear development works in western Picardy. This compilation is based on the consultation of the various catalogues drawn up from the findings of surveys, test trenches and excavations, but without the possibility
of examining the artefacts concerned. In all, 28 archaeological sites, corresponding to 30 distinct chronological periods of occupation, were listed. With the notable exception of the group burial at Saint-Sauveur, these are dwelling sites, represented either by a single pit, or a more complex settlement. From a chronological point of view, the majority of these sites (11) can be dated to the Later Neolithic period, Early and Middle Neolithic being represented by 4 sites each. Almost 50% of the sites are impossible to date with any certainty. This article is also the occasion to discuss the impact of the various diagnostic techniques used in these operations on the detection of Neolithic sites and to reconsider, in the light of precise instances, the notion of “ isolated pit”, a designation too often improperly applied.
La Protohistoire ancienne. Recherche et fouille de sites de l’âge du Bronze à La Tène ancienne sur les grands tracés linéaires en Picardie occidentale. Questions méthodologiques et résultats scientifiques
Authors: Buchez Nathalie 
Published: September 2016

Étant donné leur faible densité en structures et l’absence -dans la majorité des cas -de fossés, la plus ou moins bonne représentation des sites des périodes anciennes de la Protohistoire (âge du Bronze, premier âge du Fer, La Tène ancienne), dans un corpus issu d’un grand tracé linéaire dépend aussi bien des conditions d’acquisition de l’information c''est-à-dire des procédures de détection et d’identification mises en oeuvre que de la spécificité des contextes topographiques et culturels concernés par ces opérations préventives.
C’est pourquoi la première partie de cette contribution met l’accent sur l’évolution des procédures mises en oeuvre opération après opération ; la seconde partie présente les principales avancées dues aux grands tracés pour des périodes et une région -nord-ouest de la Picardie -sous documentées avant leur démarrage. L’une de ces avancées est l’acquisition d’un référentiel permettant l’établissement du cadre chronoculturel, mais les grands tracés linéaires ont surtout contribué à réévaluer le potentiel des plateaux, par opposition aux vallées considérées jusque là comme des secteurs d’implantation privilégiée.
Rassembler le temps : la datation des enceintes à fossés interrompus du Néolithique ancien du sud de la Grande-Bretagne par
Authors: Whittle Alasdair , Healy Frances , Bayliss Alex 
Published: September 2016

Cet article présente les principaux résultats d’une enquête récente menée sur la datation des enceintes à fossés interrompus du Néolithique ancien du sud de la Grande Bretagne et de l’Irlande. À partir de 400 nouvelles datations radiocarbone, la durée d’occupation de près de 40 sites est discutée à l’aide de nouvelles méthodes et comparée à un nombre équivalent de datations préexistantes. L’analyse de ces résultats dans un cadre statistique bayésien a permis d’obtenir des données chronologiques beaucoup plus fiables qu’auparavant. Il est donc possible de retracer l’histoire plus détaillée de chaque monument et d’inscrire désormais l’émergence et le développement des enceintes à fossés interrompus britanniques dans un cadre chronologique cohérent. En conclusion, le rôle des enceintes dans la néolithisation du sud de la Grande Bretagne est brièvement
présenté.
L’occupation du Nord-Ouest de la Belgique aux 4e et 3e millénaires : bilan des recherches récentes en région sablonneuse
Authors: Crombe Philippe , Sergant Joris , Lombaert Lucien 
Published: September 2016

Dieser Artikel zieht eine Bilanz der jüngeren Entdeckungen bezüglich der Besiedlung im 4. und 3. Jahrtausend im sandigen Tiefland Nordwestbelgiens. Die immer zahlreicheren großflächigen und tiefen Rettungsgrabungen haben unsere bis vor kurzem noch sehr lückenhafte Kenntnis des Neolithikums bereits
bereichert und bereichern sie auch weiterhin. Das Neolithikum scheint um 4000 v. Chr. mit einer Ausdehnung
der Michelsberger Kultur / Spiere-Gruppe des oberen Scheldebeckens nach Norden zu beginnen. Eine zweite Expansionsphase Richtung Norden zeichnet sich im Endneolithikum ab, als die Deûle-Schelde-Gruppe im sandigen Tiefland auftritt. Zwischen diesen beiden Expansionsphasen liegt eine Periode von ca. einem Jahrtausend, über die praktisch keine archäologischen Informationen zur Verfügung stehen. Das Ende des
Neolithikums ist durch eine Reihe von Glockenbechern dokumentiert.
SPECTRAL LINE SURVEY TOWARD A MOLECULAR CLOUD IN IC10
Authors: Nishimura Yuri , Shimonishi Takashi , Watanabe Yoshimasa , Sakai Nami , Aikawa Yuri , Kawamura Akiko , Yamamoto Satoshi 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
We have conducted a spectral line survey observation in the 3 mm band toward the low-metallicity dwarf galaxy IC10 with the 45 m radio telescope of the Nobeyama Radio Observatory to explore its chemical composition at a molecular-cloud scale (∼80 pc). The CS, SO, CCH, HCN, HCO+, and HNC lines are detected for the first time in this galaxy in addition to the CO and 13CO lines, while the c-C3H2, CH3OH, CN, C18O, and N2H+ lines are not detected. The spectral intensity pattern is found to be similar to those observed toward molecular clouds in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), whose metallicity is as low as IC10. Nitrogen-bearing species are deficient in comparison with the Galactic molecular clouds due to a lower elemental abundance of nitrogen. CCH is abundant in comparison with Galactic translucent clouds, whereas CH3OH may be deficient. These characteristic trends for CCH and CH3OH are also seen in the LMC, and seem to originate from photodissociation regions more extended in the peripheries of molecular clouds due to the lower metallicity condition.
Salix transect of Europe: variation in ploidy and genome size in willow-associated common nettle, Urtica dioica L. sens. lat., from Greece to arctic Norway
Authors: Cronk Quentin , Hidalgo Oriane , Pellicer Jaume , Percy Diana , Leitch Ilia 
Published: September 2016

The common stinging nettle, Urtica dioica L. sensu lato, is an invertebrate "superhost", its clonal patches maintaining large populations of insects and molluscs. It is extremely widespread in Europe and highly variable, and two ploidy levels (diploid and tetraploid) are known. However, geographical patterns in cytotype variation require further study.
We assembled a collection of nettles in conjunction with a transect of Europe from the Aegean to Arctic Norway (primarily conducted to examine the diversity of Salix and Salix-associated insects). Using flow cytometry to measure genome size, our sample of 29 plants reveals 5 diploids and 24 tetraploids. Two diploids were found in SE Europe (Bulgaria and Romania) and three diploids in S. Finland. More detailed cytotype surveys in these regions are suggested. The tetraploid genome size (2C value) varied between accessions from 2.36 to 2.59 pg. The diploids varied from 1.31 to 1.35 pg per 2C nucleus, equivalent to a haploid genome size of c. 650 Mbp. Within the tetraploids, we find that the most northerly samples (from N. Finland and arctic Norway) have a generally higher genome size. This is possibly indicative of a distinct population in this region.
Estimating Lead Fragmentation from Ammunition for Muzzleloading and Black Powder Cartridge Rifles
Authors: Sanchez Dana M. , Epps Clinton W. , Taylor David S. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractLead bullet fragments pose a health risk to scavengers and hunters consuming game meat, but lead or lead-core bullets are still commonly employed for big and small game hunting. Bullet fragmentation has been assessed for modern, high-velocity rifles, but has not been well documented for black-powder cartridge rifles or muzzleloading firearms. We used two established methods to estimate bullet fragmentation. We evaluated a traditional .54 round ball and a modern-designed .54 conical bullet for muzzleloaders, two types of .45-70 black powder rifle cartridges, and a modern lead-core high-velocity bullet (.30-06) as our comparison control. We tested penetration and fragmentation in water (n = 12) and ballistics gel (n = 2) for each bullet type. We measured lead mass lost to fragmentation and x-rayed ballistic gels to visualize fragmentation patterns. The modern .30-06 bullets we tested (Remington Core-Lokt) retained a mean of only 57.5% of original mass, whereas mean retention by muzzleloader and black powder cartridge bullets ranged 87.8-99.7%. Round balls and .45-70 bullets shed less lead (i.e., 0.04g and 0.19g on average respectively) than the modern conical .54 muzzleloading bullets (3.08g) or the .30-06 control (4.14g). Fragments from round balls and black powder cartridge bullets showed far less lateral spread compared to the high-velocity modern bullet. Our findings suggest that round balls for muzzleloaders and black powder cartridge bullets may leave far fewer lead fragments in game than the conical muzzleloader bullet or modern high-velocity rifle bullet we tested, and thus could pose a lower risk of secondary lead poisoning for humans and wildlife. Artificial tests cannot replicate conditions encountered in the field, but the striking differences we observed in bullet fragmentation even under severe testing conditions suggests that follow-up tests on game animals may be warranted.
La circulation au sein de l’espace résidentiel de la famille. Le cas des familles de migrants colombiens en Espagne
Authors: Sierra-Paycha Celio 
Published: September 2016

La géographie de l’espace résidentiel des familles des migrants est un sujet rarement abordé de façon quantitative. À partir de l’analyse de données d’enquête concernant les migrants colombiens installés en Espagne (ENI, 2007), nous décrivons les formes tissées par les différents lieux de résidence des membres de la famille, que ceux-ci se trouvent en Espagne, en Colombie ou ailleurs dans le monde. La mise en relation des différents lieux de résidence familiaux y est interrogée sous l’angle des circulations ; circulation des migrants eux-mêmes, flux monétaires et communication transnationale (par téléphone et par Internet), permettent de considérer ces géographies familiales comme de véritables « systèmes résidentiels familiaux ».
Migrations nigérianes à l’écran : Man on Ground et l’Afrique du Sud post-apartheid
Authors: Ugochukwu Françoise 
Published: September 2016

La réflexion sur la migration est depuis longtemps l’un des grands thèmes de la littérature africaine. Qu’en est-il du cinéma ? Un grand nombre de films sur les itinéraires et l’expérience des migrants d’autres continents ont déjà été produits en Occident, mais rares sont les films africains sortis sur le sujet. Au moment même où la montée du malaise diplomatique entre le Nigeria et l’Afrique du Sud se trouve largement répercutée dans les médias, cet article considère l’évocation de l’étranger dans la production nollywoodienne et l’évolution de son traitement de la migration depuis les débuts. Il brosse un tableau des difficultés rencontrées par les migrants africains en Afrique du Sud, pour mieux contextualiser le film Man on Ground (2011) du Sud-Africain d’origine nigériane Akin Omotoso, dont l’analyse est l’objet de l’article.
Les Roms roumains en région parisienne : les mobilisations associatives au prisme des temporalités migratoires et de l’habitat
Authors: Bergeon Céline 
Published: September 2016

Cet article se propose d’étudier la présence des Roms roumains à Paris sous l’angle des manifestations culturelles. Celles-ci sont de plus en plus nombreuses dans la capitale, leurs formes et surtout leur ampleur évoluent, notamment sous l’impulsion de diverses institutions politiques ou encore associatives. « Journée mondiale des Roms », « Roma Pride », etc., sont des moments forts de rencontres et de visibilité culturelle qui participent réellement de la circulation et/ou de la promotion des identités et ce, à différentes échelles (locales, nationales et internationales). Nous analyserons le paysage associatif rom en région parisienne, puis la participation des Roms roumains à ces manifestations culturelles (nature de la participation et degré d’implication) pour voir si celles-ci ont un impact direct sur les conditions de vie des Roms.
Relations interethniques dans un espace urbain ségrégué. Une étude de cas de l’insertion des Roms dans un marché à la périphérie de Nice
Authors: Dahhan Ryzlène 
Published: September 2016

L’article porte sur les processus d’insertion et de mise à distance des populations désignées comme Roms dans un espace marchand approprié par des populations issues de l’immigration nord-africaine. Il s’appuie sur un terrain effectué dans la périphérie de Nice, à « l’Oued », un marché structuré à la fois par l’histoire de l’immigration nord-africaine dans la ville et par des logiques ségrégatives. La présence de vendeurs et de chalands roms à « l’Oued » conduit à de multiples rencontres qui interrogent les formes d’expressions des relations interethniques et des frontières telles qu’elles sont posées par les acteurs dans les situations de coprésence. Nous verrons comment l’insertion des Roms dans ce marché combine des logiques d’inclusion et d’exclusion qui dépendent à la fois des espaces qu’ils investissent ou traversent (marché illégal, marché forain, galerie marchande) et des positions socio-économiques qu’ils occupent selon ces aires situationnelles (vendeurs, chalands). Ces positions socio-économiques jouent en effet un rôle dans la gestion de la coprésence et dans la structuration des relations en face à face que l’article se propose d’analyser.
CFHR1-Modified Neural Stem Cells Ameliorated Brain Injury in a Mouse Model of Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Shi Kaibin , Wang Zhen , Liu Yuanchu , Gong Ye , Fu Ying , Li Shaowu , Wood Kristofer , Hao Junwei , Zhang Guang-Xian , Shi Fu-Dong , Yan Yaping 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
A major hurdle for effective stem cell therapy is ongoing inflammation in the target organ. Reconditioning the lesion microenvironment may be an effective way to promote stem cell therapy. In this study, we showed that engineered neural stem cells (NSCs) with complement factor H–related protein 1, a complement inhibitor protein, can attenuate inflammatory infiltration and immune-mediated damage of astrocytes, an important pathogenic progress in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. Furthermore, we demonstrated that transplantation of the complement factor H–related protein 1–modified NSCs effectively blocked the complement activation cascade and inhibited formation of the membrane attack complex, thus contributing to the protection of endogenous and transplanted NSC-differentiated astrocytes. Therefore, manipulation of the lesion microenvironment contributes to a more effective cell replacement therapeutic strategy for autoimmune diseases of the CNS.
Burden of Fire Injuries in Finland: Lost Productivity and Benefits
Authors: Haikonen Kari , Lillsunde Pirjo M. 
Published: September 2016

Background The aim of this study was to assess the economic burden of fire-related injury from two perspectives: post-injury social security compensations and also productivity losses due to the lost productive time from a societal perspective induced by the injury. Design and methods A cohort of 1503 inpatients who sustained fire-related injury during the period 2001–2005 was retrospectively followed up for 5-10 years until the end of 2010, using linkages between several administrative registers. The study process was started in 2015 and finalized on March 2016. Results Annual productivity loss was on average EUR 5.72 million, giving a total for the five-year study period of EUR 28.6 million, with a mean value of EUR 19,070 per person. Mean/median disability time for those who received benefits was 572/63 days, ranging from 3 days to 36.5 years. Total average cost of benefits to the injured annually during the study period was EUR 1.03 million. This equates to EUR 3430 per patient for the whole cohort or EUR 14,860 for those who received benefits. Conclusions The burden of fire-related injuries in terms of payment transfers and lost productivity due to periods of disability as indirect costs is high; in a population of 5.4 million, the annual loss exceeded EUR 5.7 million. The results could be used in planning preventive measures and therefore yield savings.
Experiences of patients having tuberculosis (TB) regarding the use of Directly Observed Treatment Short-Course (DOTS) in the North West Province, South Africa
Authors: Serapelwane Maserapelo G. , Davhana–Maselesele Mashudu , Masilo Gaboipolelwe M. 
Published: September 2016

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) management remains a major challenge despite the implementation of Directly Observed Treatment Short-Course (DOTS). Some of the challenges include defaulting treatment, low TB cure rates and relapse after patients had been treated under DOTS.Objectives: This study explored and described experiences of patients having TB regarding the use of DOTS in Doctor Ruth Segomotsi Mompati District of North West Province, South Africa. The study describes and recommends support required by patients having TB who are using DOTS.Methods: A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual design was used. The population consisted of all patients having TB under DOTS who had taken treatment for 2 months and more in one of the community health centres in Doctor Ruth Segomotsi Mompati District. Purposive sampling technique was applied to select participants receiving DOTS service. In-depth unstructured individual interviews were conducted, and data saturation occurred after having interviewed 15 participants. Ethical considerations were ensured throughout the study, and data were analysed using Tesch’s method of coding and analysis.Results: Two themes emerged from data and these are discussed as concerns related to ineffective use of DOTS and lack of resources as contributory factor to ineffective use of DOTS. Among other categories, poor nurse–patient relationships and difficulties in accessing the community health centre emerged as consistent themes related to default and inconsistent use of DOTS.Conclusion: Ineffective use of DOTS contributed to TB treatment default and low cure rate. Therefore, recommendations focused on strengthening effective use of DOTS for the management of TB.
Effect of corticosteroid injections versus physiotherapy on pain, shoulder range of motion and shoulder function in patients with subacromial impingement syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Burger Marlette , Africa Carly , Droomer Kara , Norman Alexa , Pheiffer Chloé , Gericke Anrich , Samsodien Adeeb , Miszewski Natasha 
Published: September 2016

Background: Subacromial impingement syndrome (SIS) is one of the most common causes of shoulder pain. Limited research has been conducted into the efficacy of corticosteroid injections (CSIs) compared to physiotherapy in the management of SIS.Objective: To critically appraise and establish the best available evidence for the effectiveness of CSI in comparison with physiotherapy for the management of pain, shoulder range of motion (ROM) and shoulder function in patients with SIS.Methodology: Seven databases were searched from inception to February 2016, namely PubMed, Science Direct, EBSCO Host: SPORTDiscus, EBSCO Host: CINAHL, Cochrane, Scopus and PEDro. The main search terms were shoulder impingement syndrome and/or subacromial impingement syndrome, corticosteroid injections and/or steroid injections, physical therapy and/or physiotherapy. Only randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were considered for inclusion. The articles were appraised according to the PEDro scale. The Revman© Review Manager Software was used to combine the results of shoulder function and the data were illustrated in forest plots.Results: The PEDro scores of the three RCTs that qualified for this review ranged from 7 to 8/10. There is Level II evidence suggesting that besides a significant improvement in shoulder function in favour of CSI at 6–7 weeks follow-up (p < 0.0001), no evidence was found for the superiority of CSIs compared with physiotherapy for pain, ROM and shoulder function in the short- (1–3 months), mid- (6 months) and long term (12 months).Conclusion: In patients with SIS only a short term significant improvement in shoulder function was found in favour of CSIs.
Association of MTHFR (C677T) Gene Polymorphism with Breast Cancer in North India
Authors: Waseem Mohammad , Hussain Syed Rizwan , Kumar Shashank , Serajuddin Mohammad , Mahdi Farzana , sonkar satyendra Kumar , Bansal Cherry , Ahmad Mohammad Kaleem 
Published: September 2016

Background Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies in women and is associated with a variety of risk factors. The functional single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) C677T in the gene encoding 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) may lead to decreased enzyme activity and affect the chemosensitivity of tumor cells. This study was designed to investigate the association of MTHFR gene polymorphism (SNP) in the pathogenesis of breast cancer among the North Indian women population. Materials and Methods Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using genomic DNA, extracted from the peripheral blood of subjects with (275 cases) or without (275 controls) breast cancer. Restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to study C677T polymorphism in the study groups. Results The distribution of MTHFR (C677T) genotype frequencies, ie, CC, TT, and CT, among the patients was 64.7%, 2.18%, and 33.09%, respectively. In the healthy control group, the CC, TT, and CT frequencies were 78.91%, 1.09%, and 20.1%, respectively. The frequencies of C and T alleles were 81.2% and 18.7%, respectively, in the patient subjects, while they were 88.9% and 11.09%, respectively, among the healthy control group. Frequencies of the CT genotype and the T allele were significantly different ( P = 0.007 and P = 0.005, respectively) between the control and the case subjects. Conclusion This study shows an association of the CT genotype and the T allele of the MTHFR (C667T) gene with increased genetic risk for breast cancer among Indian women.
Diplomacia de movilización. Referenda de Cataluña y Escocia en la diplomacia en red
Authors: Manfredi Sánchez Juan Luis , Herranz de la Casa José María , Seoane Pérez Francisco 
Published: September 2016

Los movimientos sociales de naturaleza política han innovado en la política internacional. Los actores no estatales han ocupado el espacio de la diplomacia pública, anteriormente limitada al estado nación. Metodología. Se analizan las campañas en redes sociales, los actores, los mensajes y las actividades políticas de los movimientos políticos independentistas catalán y escocés vinculados al referendo. Resultados. El movimiento catalán por la independencia ha apalancado sus resultados en la defensa de la identidad y la comunidad epistémica. Los partidarios escoceses del sí a la creación del nuevo estado sí han orientado la estrategia de protesta hacia la política. Discusión. Se examina la diplomacia de movilización, el uso de las redes sociales para la promoción internacional de mensajes de contenido político y el refuerzo de la lengua y la cultura propia. Conclusiones. Estamos ante una fase expansiva de la diplomacia pública. Más actores se incorporan a la arena internacional mediante la producción y la difusión de mensajes en las redes sociales.