bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subnational mobility and consumption-based environmental accounting of US corn in animal protein and ethanol supply chains
Authors: Smith Timothy M. , Goodkind Andrew L. , Kim Taegon , Pelton Rylie E. O. , Suh Kyo , Schmitt Jennifer 
Published: September 2017

Significance
Companies and society alike are increasingly concerned with environmental impacts across complex supply chains. Suppliers engaged in upstream intermediate transactions commonly contribute over 75% of the carbon and water impacts of products ultimately consumed by users. These impacts pose risks to downstream customer-facing companies in the form of firm image, supply disruptions, and regulatory action. Policymakers and nonprofit advocacy organizations are increasingly looking to engage actors across supply chains to encourage conservation and environmental impact reduction. Unfortunately, traceability across complex, heterogeneous supply hinders these efforts. We provide a method for estimating mobility of corn from farms through feed and fuel supply chains, making it possible to characterize the variable environmental impacts of US corn inputs into animal protein and ethanol production.
Biodiversity promotes primary productivity and growing season lengthening at the landscape scale
Authors: Oehri Jacqueline , Schmid Bernhard , Schaepman-Strub Gabriela , Niklaus Pascal A. 
Published: September 2017

SignificanceResearch of the past decades has shown that biodiversity promotes ecosystem functions including primary productivity. However, most studies focused on experimental communities at small spatial scales, and little is known about how these findings scale to nonexperimental, real-world ecosystems at large spatial scales, despite these systems providing essential ecosystem services to humans. Here, we show that primary productivity, its temporal stability, and the decadal trend of a prolonged growing season strongly increase with biodiversity across heterogeneous landscapes, which is consistent over vast environmental, climatic, and altitudinal gradients. Our findings thus underline the critical role biodiversity plays for ecosystem functioning and responses to environmental change in heterogeneous, real-world ecosystems at the landscape scale.
Smad7 enables STAT3 activation and promotes pluripotency independent of TGF-β signaling
Authors: Yu Yi , Gu Shuchen , Li Wenjian , Sun Chuang , Chen Fenfang , Xiao Mu , Wang Lei , Xu Dewei , Li Ye , Ding Chen , Xia Zongping , Li Yi , Ye Sheng , Xu Pinglong , Zhao Bin , Qin Jun , Chen Ye-Guang , Lin Xia , Feng Xin-Hua 
Published: September 2017

SignificanceTGF-β and related growth factors critically regulate cell potency and functions. Smad7 is induced by TGF-βs and inhibits the physiological functions of TGF-β signaling. This study describes an unexpected finding that Smad7 promotes self-renewal of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in a manner independent of its inhibition on TGF-β signaling. Instead, Smad7 acts to induce activation of transcription factor signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) in ESCs. Smad7 activates STAT3 through its direct binding to the cytokine receptor upstream of STAT3 activation. In agreement with the role of STAT3 in maintaining ESC pluripotency, Smad7 promotes ESC self-renewal and induced pluripotent stem cell reprogramming. This finding illustrates a regulatory mechanism for Smad7 in maintaining pluripotency, and likely in cancer and inflammation.
Epigenetic control via allosteric regulation of mammalian protein arginine methyltransferases
Authors: Jain Kanishk , Jin Cyrus Y. , Clarke Steven G. 
Published: September 2017

Significance
There is increasing literature that links the overexpression of protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT) 5 and PRMT7 to cancer metastasis and tumorigenesis and that suggests these enzymes may be good therapeutic targets. An important question remaining is how PRMT7 may control PRMT5 activity in mammalian cells. In this work, we demonstrate that PRMT7-dependent monomethylation at one site in histone H4 can activate another site for methylation by PRMT5. Such allosteric regulation has not been previously seen in this class of protein modification enzymes.
Molecular mechanism of water reorientational slowing down in concentrated ionic solutions
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Wu TianMin , Chen Chen , Mukamel Shaul , Zhuang Wei 
Published: September 2017

Significance
The dynamics of water molecules surrounding the hydrated ions affects many natural phenomena including protein processes and charge transfer in the aqueous rechargeable ion batteries. In the concentrated solutions, a long-standing puzzle is that all electrolytes retard water rotation regardless of whether they weaken or strengthen the water hydrogen-bonding network. We investigate this issue theoretically and find the deceleration to be largely due to the coupling of the slow, collective component of water rotation with the motion of sizable ion clusters in the concentrated solutions. This finding is at variance with the intuitive expectation that the deceleration is caused by the change in fast, single-molecular water hydrogen bond switching adjacent to the ions.
Increasing the breadth and potency of response to the seasonal influenza virus vaccine by immune complex immunization
Authors: Maamary Jad , Wang Taia T. , Tan Gene S. , Palese Peter , Ravetch Jeffrey V. 
Published: September 2017

Significance
Influenza viruses remain a source of substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. This is, in part, because current approaches to vaccination elicit strain-specific immune responses. Here, we report a method for targeting the Fc receptor, CD23, during vaccination with existing influenza vaccines (TIV) to increase the breadth and potency of the antibody response. Immunization with the TIV in complex with a monoclonal antibody that is broadly reactive against the hemagglutinin glycoprotein and engineered at the Fc domain to engage CD23 elicited antibodies that were 10-fold increased in potency and that protected against the potential pandemic influenza virus subtype H5N1 in vivo. This work demonstrates that broadly protective influenza immunity can be achieved using existing seasonal vaccines.
Endodermal germ-layer formation through active actin-driven migration triggered by N-cadherin
Authors: Giger Florence A. , David Nicolas B. 
Published: September 2017

Significance
Construction of the adult body during development implies the separation of cells into tissues and organs. The first of these events occurs during gastrulation, when cells segregate in germ layers, setting the bases of the body plan. Despite its importance, the molecular and cellular basis of germ-layer formation has remained elusive. This work uses live imaging and functional approaches to reveal how the endodermal layer forms in zebrafish, leading to an original model of cell segregation by active migration away from neighboring cells, a process triggered by N-cadherin. We propose this may be a core conserved mechanism driving germ-layer formation and might be extended to other processes of cell segregation, highlighting gastrulation as a paradigm for tissue formation.
Direct dating of Neanderthal remains from the site of Vindija Cave and implications for the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition
Authors: Devièse Thibaut , Karavanić Ivor , Comeskey Daniel , Kubiak Cara , Korlević Petra , Hajdinjak Mateja , Radović Siniša , Procopio Noemi , Buckley Michael , Pääbo Svante , Higham Tom 
Published: September 2017

Significance
Radiocarbon dating of Neanderthal remains recovered from Vindija Cave (Croatia) initially revealed surprisingly recent results: 28,000–29,000 B.P. This implied the remains could represent a late-surviving, refugial Neanderthal population and suggested they could have been responsible for producing some of the early Upper Paleolithic artefacts more usually produced by anatomically modern humans. This article presents revised radiocarbon dates of the human bones from this site obtained using a more robust purification method targeting the amino acid hydroxyproline. The data show that all the Neanderthal remains are from a much earlier period (>40,000 cal B.P.). These revised dates change our interpretation of this important site and demonstrate that the Vindija Neanderthals probably did not overlap temporally with early modern humans.
Schwann cells use TAM receptor-mediated phagocytosis in addition to autophagy to clear myelin in a mouse model of nerve injury
Authors: Brosius Lutz Amanda , Chung Won-Suk , Sloan Steven A. , Carson Glenn A. , Zhou Lu , Lovelett Emilie , Posada Sean , Zuchero J. Bradley , Barres Ben A. 
Published: September 2017

Significance
Myelin is a potent inhibitor of axon regeneration. In the central nervous system, failure to clear myelin debris after injury presents a major roadblock to recovery. In contrast, rapid myelin clearance in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) contributes to this system’s remarkable regenerative capacity, but the mechanisms involved have remained incompletely understood. In this work, we set out to identify novel mechanisms of PNS myelin clearance to generate new ideas about activating myelin clearance in the injured CNS. We provide evidence that Schwann cells, myelinating glia of the PNS, engulf myelin debris using two receptors, Axl and Mertk. We hypothesize that astrocytes have the potential to use this same mechanism to engulf myelin debris after CNS injury.
Localized CD47 blockade enhances immunotherapy for murine melanoma
Authors: Ingram Jessica R. , Blomberg Olga S. , Sockolosky Jonathan T. , Ali Lestat , Schmidt Florian I. , Pishesha Novalia , Espinosa Camilo , Dougan Stephanie K. , Garcia K. Christopher , Ploegh Hidde L. , Dougan Michael 
Published: September 2017

Significance
CD47 is a broadly expressed membrane-associated innate immune regulator that acts as a ligand of signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα) on antigen-presenting cells to inhibit phagocytosis. In xenograft models, inhibitors of the CD47–SIRPα interaction selectively target tumor-expressed CD47 and improve antibody responses to tumors by enhancing antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis. In syngeneic settings, however, broad expression of CD47 on cells of the hematopoietic lineage creates a formidable antigen sink and increases toxicity. We find that optimal synergy between anti-CD47 antibodies and several immune therapies, including anti–CTLA-4, requires near-complete blockade of CD47 in the tumor microenvironment. Thus, novel strategies to deliver localized CD47 blockade to tumors may be particularly valuable for immune therapy.
Cellular responses to human cytomegalovirus infection: Induction of a mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) phenotype
Authors: Oberstein Adam , Shenk Thomas 
Published: September 2017

SignificanceHuman cytomegalovirus (HCMV) causes birth defects and serious disease in immunocompromised patients. We do not fully understand the cellular processes that HCMV manipulates during infection. A holistic understanding of the cellular response to HCMV will help clarify mechanisms that underlie its replication and spread. This work uses systems virology to globally map the host response to HCMV infection. Our method identifies unappreciated pathways modulated by HCMV, including mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET), an important developmental pathway involved in epithelial tissue formation, wound healing, and cancer metastasis. Our findings demonstrate that HCMV induces MET and raise the possibility that the transition influences not only viral pathogenesis but also the behavior of normal and diseased cells within an infected human host.
Redefining community based on place attachment in a connected world
Authors: Gurney Georgina G. , Blythe Jessica , Adams Helen , Adger W. Neil , Curnock Matthew , Faulkner Lucy , James Thomas , Marshall Nadine A. 
Published: September 2017

Significance
Effective environmental policy requires public participation in management, typically achieved through engaging community defined by residential location or resource use. However, current social and environmental change, particularly increasing connectedness, demands new approaches to community. We draw on place attachment theory to redefine community in the context of Australia’s Great Barrier Reef. Using a large dataset on place attachment, our analysis of local, national, and international stakeholders identified four communities differing in their attachment to the reef and spanning location and use communities. Our results suggest that place attachment can bridge geographic and social boundaries, and communities of attachment could thus be leveraged to foster transnational stewardship, which is crucial to addressing modern sustainability challenges in our globalized world.
Molecular basis of mammalian transmissibility of avian H1N1 influenza viruses and their pandemic potential
Authors: Zanin Mark , Wong Sook-San , Barman Subrata , Kaewborisuth Challika , Vogel Peter , Rubrum Adam , Darnell Daniel , Marinova-Petkova Atanaska , Krauss Scott , Webby Richard J. , Webster Robert G. 
Published: September 2017

Significance
Airborne transmission of influenza A viruses between mammals is not well understood. Our study of a group of similar subtype H1N1 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) isolated at Delaware Bay, USA, revealed genetic markers for airborne transmission in nonstructural genes. Viruses not containing all markers lacked airborne transmissibility in the ferret model. We revealed a role for Nonstructural Protein 1 (NS1) in facilitating airborne transmission that was associated with viral replication in the upper respiratory tract (URT). Non–airborne-transmissible NS1 mutants showed delayed viral maturation, resulting in limited tissue pathology and little virus at the mucosa. Overall, our study has revealed insights into viral replication in the URT associated with the airborne transmissibility of AIVs in mammals.
European top management careers: a field-analytical approach
Authors: Bühlmann Felix , Davoine Eric , Ravasi Claudio 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT
Research on European business elites has been dominated by a ‘national career model’ approach, arguing that each country has a specific top management career pattern. In recent years, this line of argument has been challenged due to the increasing international circulation of top managers. To examine the impact of internationalisation on career models, we will draw on a database of 916 top managers in Germany, Switzerland, France and Britain. Our field-analytical analysis reveals that the most important career distinction – between internal and external careers – is valid beyond national models. In addition, international managers do not constitute a separate homogenous group: in some countries, they imitate national career patterns; in others, they pursue complementary strategies.
Effectiveness of Shortwave Diathermy for Subacromial Impingement Syndrome and Value of Night Pain for Patient Selection
Authors: Yilmaz Kaysin Meryem , Akpinar Pinar , Aktas Ilknur , Unlü Ozkan Feyza , Silte Karamanlioglu Duygu , Cagliyan Hartevioglu Hulya , Vural Nazan 
Published: September 2017

Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of short wave diathermy (SWD) in patients with subacromial impingement syndrome.

Design
In this double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, 57 patients (aged 35–65 yrs) were classified into night pain positive (NP[+]) (n = 28) and night pain negative (NP[−]) (n = 29) groups. Both groups were randomly assigned to SWD (NP[+], n = 14; NP[−], n = 14) and sham (NP[+], n = 15; NP[−], n = 14) subgroups. Visual analog scale, Constant-Murley Scale (CS), and Shoulder Disability Questionnaire (SDQ) scores were used for evaluation.

Results
There was only a significant difference in pain with activity at 1-mo (mean difference [MD], −1.65; 95% confidence interval, −3.01 to −0.28]) and 2-mo evaluations (MD, −2.1; 95% confidence interval, −3.51 to −0.69) between SWD versus sham groups. In the NP(+) SWD group, the CS pain score was significantly higher than in the NP(+) sham group at all evaluations after treatment. At 1 mo, the NP(−) SWD group showed significantly better pain, strength, total CS, and SDQ scores than the NP(−) sham group. At 2 mos, the pain, range of motion, strength, and total CS and SDQ scores were better in the NP(−) SWD group than in the NP(−) sham group (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
Short wave diathermy is more effective in subacromial impingement syndrome without NP.
Application of Transcranial Color Doppler Ultrasonography for Assessing Middle Cerebral Arteries in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Chen Qiuyue , Li Shilin , Lv Guorong , Zhao Yanchun 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
To assess the role of ultrasonography for assessing middle cerebral arteries (MCAs) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Middle cerebral arteries of 32 RA patients and 32 healthy volunteers were examined by ultrasonography. Peak systolic blood flow velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity, and resistance index (RI) of MCA were measured using Doppler ultrasound. Results were expressed as mean ± SD. No significant difference in peak systolic velocity was obtained between RA patients (52.44 ± 19.56 cm/s) and healthy volunteers (51.59 ± 16.83 cm/s, P > 0.05). End-diastolic velocity in RA patients was significantly lower (15.41 ± 5.44 cm/s vs 24.54 ± 8.45 cm/s, P < 0.01) and RI markedly higher (0.66 ± 0.10 vs 0.60 ± 0.06, P < 0.05) compared with control values. Resistance index in 32 RA patients increased with disease duration (2 months to 31 years), from a median value of 0.350 to 0.830; there was a strong correlation between RI and disease duration (r = 0.965, P < 0.05). A point of 0.64 in receiver operating characteristic curve was chosen as the cutoff point, and the area under the curve was 0.918. The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy were 90.6%, 87.5%,87.9%, 90.3%, and 89.1%, respectively. Color Doppler ultrasound in RA patients with hemodynamic changes of MCAs could be a relatively sensitive tool for the detection of cerebral atherosclerotic lesions. This could enable timely intervention for early clinical reference.
Sox4drivesAtoh1-independent intestinal secretory differentiation toward tuft and enteroendocrine fates
Authors: Gracz Adam D , Samsa Leigh Ann , Fordham Matthew J , Trotier Danny C , Zwarycz Bailey , Lo Yuan-Hung , Bao Katherine , Starmer Joshua , Shroyer Noah F , Reinhardt R. Lee , Magness Scott T 
Published: September 2017

Background & AimsThe intestinal epithelium is maintained by intestinal stem cells (ISCs), which produce post-mitotic absorptive and secretory epithelial cells. Initial fate specification toward enteroendocrine, goblet, and Paneth cell lineages is dependent onAtoh1, a master regulator of secretory differentiation. However, the origin of tuft cells, which participate in Type II immune responses to parasitic infection, is less clear and appears to occur in anAtoh1-independent manner. Here we examine the role ofSox4in ISC proliferation and differentiation.MethodsWe used mice with intestinal epithelial-specific conditional knockout ofSox4(Sox4fl/fl:vilCre; Sox4cKO) to study the role ofSox4in the small intestine. Crypt- and single cell-derived organoids were used to assay proliferation and ISC potency between control and Sox4cKO mice. Lineage allocation and genetic consequences ofSox4ablation were studied by immunofluorescence, RT-qPCR, and RNA-seq.In vivoinfection with helminths andin vitrocytokine treatment in primary intestinal organoids were used to assess tuft cell hyperplasia in control and Sox4cKO samples.Atoh1GFPreporter mice and single cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) were used to determine co-localization of SOX4 andAtoh1. Wild-type and inducibleAtoh1knockout (Atoh1fl/fl:vilCreER; Atoh1iKO) organoids carrying an inducibleSox4overexpression vector (Sox4OE) were used to determine the role ofAtoh1inSox4driven secretory differentiation.ResultsLoss ofSox4impairs ISC function and secretory differentiation, resulting in decreased numbers of enteroendocrine and tuft cells. In wild-type mice, SOX4+ cells are significantly upregulated following helminth infection coincident with tuft cell hyperplasia.Sox4is activated by IL13in vitroand Sox4cKO knockout mice demonstrate impaired tuft cell hyperplasia and parasite clearance following infection with helminths. A subset ofSox4-expressing cells colocalize withAtoh1and enteroendocrine markers by scRNA-seq, whileSox4+/Atoh1-cells correlate strongly with tuft cell populations. Gain-of-function studies in primary organoids demonstrate thatSox4is sufficient to drive both enteroendocrine and tuft cell differentiation, and can do so in the absence ofAtoh1.ConclusionOur data demonstrate thatSox4promotes enteroendocrine and tuft cell lineage allocation independently ofAtoh1. These results challenge long-standing views ofAtoh1as the sole regulator of secretory differentiation in the intestine and are relevant for understanding host epithelial responses to parasitic infection.
Disrupting differentDistal-lessexons leads to ectopic and missing eyespots accurately modeled by reaction-diffusion mechanisms
Authors: Connahs Heidi , Tlili Sham , van Creij Jelle , Loo Tricia Y. J. , Banerjee Tirtha , Saunders Timothy E. , Monteiro Antónia 
Published: September 2017

AbstractEyespots on the wings of nymphalid butterflies represent colorful examples of the process of pattern formation, yet the developmental origins and the mechanisms behind eyespot differentiation are still not fully understood. Here we re-examine the function ofDistal-less (Dll)in eyespot development, which is still unclear. We show that CRISPR-Cas9 induced exon 2 mutations inBicyclus anynanaleads to exon skipping and ectopic eyespots on the wing. Exon 3 mutations, however, lead to null/missense transcripts, missing eyespots, lighter wing coloration, loss of scales, and a variety of other phenotypes implicatingDllin the process of eyespot differentiation. Reaction-diffusion modeling enabled exploration of the function ofDllin eyespot formation, and accurately replicated a wide-range of mutant phenotypes. These results confirm thatDllis a required activator of eyespot development, scale growth and melanization and point to a new mechanism of alternative splicing to achieveDllover-expression phenotypes.