bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Biperiden Treatment in Acute Orofacial and Extremity Dyskinesia With Methylphenidate Therapy
Authors: Arslan Elif Acar , Arslan Erhan , Kilinç Anil , Göksu Özkan 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Methylphenidate is a stimulant drug commonly prescribed to individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. The suggested underlying mechanism of acute dyskinesias is dopaminergic transmission increase. We describe a 9-year-old boy with a diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder admitted to emergency clinic with primarily orofacial and extremity dyskinesia after administration of a first dose of 18 mg OROS (osmotic [controlled] release oral) methylphenidate (Concerta). OROS methylphenidate was discontinued, and the patient’s symptoms resolved within 20 minutes after injection of biperiden by intravenous route (0.04 mg/kg). We wish to emphasize that acute orofacial dyskinesia and extremity dyskinesia can be observed during methylphenidate therapy and that biperiden can be successfully used in the treatment of this unpleasant condition. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the use of biperiden therapy in this condition. This case report highlights the importance for physicians of awareness of dyskinesia as a potential adverse effect of methylphenidate therapy and indicates benefit of biperiden therapy.
Prioritizing the Care of Critically Ill Children in South Africa
Authors: Hansoti Bhakti , Hodkinson Peter , Wallis Lee 
Published: March 2017

Objective
Childhood mortality remains unacceptably high. In low-resource settings, children with critical illness often present for care. Current triage strategies are time consuming and require trained health care workers. To address this limitation, our team developed a simple subjective tool, SCREEN (Sick Children Require Emergency Evaluation Now), which is easy to administer, to identify critically ill children. This article presents the development of the SCREEN program and evaluates its performance when compared with other commonly implemented triage tools in low-resource settings.

Methods
We measured the sensitivity and specificity of SCREEN, to identify critically ill children, compared with 4 other previously validated triage tools: the Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses, the Pediatric Early Warning, the Pediatric South African Triage Scale, and the World Health Organization Emergency Triage Treatment Tool.

Findings
SCREEN has high sensitivity (100%–98.73%; P < 0.001) and specificity (64.41%–50.71%; P < 0.001) when compared with other validated triage tools.

Conclusions
The SCREEN tool may offer a simple and effective method to identify critically ill children in low-resource environments.
Enterocolitis in a Child With Hirschsprung Disease
Authors: Guillaume Alexander W.D. , Miller Andrew C. , Nguyen Michael C. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Hirschsprung disease is a congenital abnormality that can be surgically corrected. However, Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis can be a life-threatening sequela. Very little has been published in the emergency medicine literature about the risk of enterocolitis and shock in patients with a history of Hirschsprung disease. We describe the case of a 6-month-old male infant with a history of multiple surgeries for Hirschsprung disease who presented to the emergency department with a seemingly benign viral gastrointestinal illness. His stable condition led him to be discharged. However, 4 days later, he returned to the emergency department with severe diarrhea and was subsequently admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit for the management of enterocolitis and shock. With this case report, we aim to raise emergency physicians’ awareness of the serious and possibly fatal complications of Hirschsprung disease. We argue that this single element of a patient’s medical history can alter the management of seemingly simple viral gastrointestinal illnesses; rather than be discharged, such a patient requires surgical consultation and possibly admission for close monitoring and treatment.
Predictors and Impact of Self-Reported Suboptimal Effort on Estimates of Prevalence of HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders
Authors: Levine Andrew J. , Martin Eileen , Sacktor Ned , Munro Cynthia , Becker James ,   for the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study-Neuropsychology Working Group
Published: March 2017

Background:
Prevalence estimates of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) may be inflated. Estimates are determined via cohort studies in which participants may apply suboptimal effort on neurocognitive testing, thereby inflating estimates. Additionally, fluctuating HAND severity over time may be related to inconsistent effort. To address these hypotheses, we characterized effort in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study.

Methods:
After neurocognitive testing, 935 participants (525 HIV− and 410 HIV+) completed the visual analog effort scale (VAES), rating their effort from 0% to 100%. Those with <100% then indicated the reason(s) for suboptimal effort. K-means cluster analysis established 3 groups: high (mean = 97%), moderate (79%), and low effort (51%). Rates of HAND and other characteristics were compared between the groups. Linear regression examined the predictors of VAES score. Data from 57 participants who completed the VAES at 2 visits were analyzed to characterize the longitudinal relationship between effort and HAND severity.

Results:
Fifty-two percent of participants reported suboptimal effort (<100%), with no difference between serostatus groups. Common reasons included “tired” (43%) and “distracted” (36%). The lowest effort group had greater asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment and minor neurocognitive disorder diagnosis (25% and 33%) as compared with the moderate (23% and 15%) and the high (12% and 9%) effort groups. Predictors of suboptimal effort were self-reported memory impairment, African American race, and cocaine use. Change in effort between baseline and follow-up correlated with change in HAND severity.

Conclusions:
Suboptimal effort seems to inflate estimated HAND prevalence and explain fluctuation of severity over time. A simple modification of study protocols to optimize effort is indicated by the results.
Economic Costs and Health-Related Quality of Life Outcomes of HIV Treatment After Self- and Facility-Based HIV Testing in a Cluster Randomized Trial
Authors: Maheswaran Hendramoorthy , Petrou Stavros , MacPherson Peter , Kumwenda Felistas , Lalloo David G. , Corbett Elizabeth L. , Clarke Aileen 
Published: March 2017

Background:
The scale-up of HIV self-testing (HIVST) in Africa is recommended, but little is known about how this novel approach influences economic outcomes following subsequent antiretroviral treatment (ART) compared with established facility-based HIV testing and counseling (HTC) approaches.

Setting:
HIV clinics in Blantyre, Malawi.

Methods:
Consecutive HIV-positive participants, diagnosed by HIVST or facility-based HTC as part of a community cluster-randomized trial (ISRCTN02004005), were followed from initial assessment for ART until 1-year postinitiation. Healthcare resource use was prospectively measured, and primary costing studies undertaken to estimate total health provider costs. Participants were interviewed to establish direct nonmedical and indirect costs over the first year of ART. Costs were adjusted to 2014 US$ and INT$. Health-related quality of life was measured using the EuroQol EQ-5D at each clinic visit. Multivariable analyses estimated predictors of economic outcomes.

Results:
Of 325 participants attending HIV clinics for assessment for ART, 265 were identified through facility-based HTC, and 60 through HIVST; 168/265 (69.2%) and 36/60 (60.0%), respectively, met national ART eligibility criteria and initiated treatment. The mean total health provider assessment costs for ART initiation were US$22.79 (SE: 0.56) and US$19.92 (SE: 0.77) for facility-based HTC and HIVST participants, respectively, and was US$2.87 (bootstrap 95% CI: US$1.01 to US$4.73) lower for the HIVST group. The mean total health provider costs for the first year of ART were US$168.65 (SE: 2.02) and US$164.66 (SE: 4.21) for facility-based HTC and HIVST participants, respectively, and comparable between the 2 groups (bootstrap 95% CI: −US$12.38 to US$4.39). EQ-5D utility scores immediately before and one year after ART initiation were comparable between the 2 groups. EQ-5D utility scores 1 year after ART initiation had increased by 0.129 (SE: 0.011) and 0.139 (SE: 0.027) for facility-based HTC and HIVST participants, respectively.

Conclusions:
Once HIV self-testers are linked into HIV services, their economic outcomes are comparable to those linking to services after facility-based HTC.
Higher Body Mass Index Is Associated With Greater Proportions of Effector CD8+ T Cells Expressing CD57 in Women Living With HIV
Authors: Reid Michael J. A. , Baxi Sanjiv M. , Sheira Lila A. , Landay Alan L. , Frongillo Edward A. , Adedimeji Adebola , Cohen Mardge H. , Wentz Eryka , Gustafson Deborah R. , Merenstein Daniel , Hunt Peter W. , Tien Phyllis C. , Weiser Sheri D. ,   for the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS)
Published: March 2017

Background:
A low proportion of CD28−CD8+ T cells that express CD57 is associated with increased mortality in HIV infection. The effect of increasing body mass index (BMI) changes in the proportion of CD57+CD28−CD8+ T cells among HIV-infected individuals on antiretroviral therapy is unknown.

Setting:
In a US cohort of HIV-infected women, we evaluated associations of BMI and waist circumference with 3 distinct CD8+ T cell phenotypes: % CD28−CD57+CD8+ T cells, % CD57+ of CD28−CD8+ T cells, and % CD28− of all CD8+ T cells.

Methods:
Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to estimate beta coefficients for each of 3 T-cell phenotypes. Covariates included HIV parameters (current and nadir CD4, current viral load), demographics (age, race, income, and study site), and lifestyle (tobacco and alcohol use) factors.

Results:
Of 225 participants, the median age was 46 years and 50% were obese (BMI >30 m2/kg). Greater BMI and waist circumference were both associated with higher % CD28−CD57+CD8+ T cells and % CD57+ of all CD28−CD8+ T cells in multivariable analysis, including adjustment for HIV viral load (all P < 0.05). The association between greater BMI and the overall proportion of CD28− CD8+ cells in fully adjusted models (0.078, 95% confidence interval: −0.053 to 0.209) was not significant.

Conclusions:
In this analysis, greater BMI and waist circumference are associated with greater expression of CD57 on CD28−CD8+ T cells and a greater proportion of CD57+CD28− CD8+ T cells. These findings may indicate that increasing BMI is immunologically protective in HIV-infected women. Future research is needed to understand the prognostic importance of these associations on clinical outcomes.
Brief Report: IL-1β Levels Are Associated With Chronic Multisite Pain in People Living With HIV
Authors: Merlin Jessica S. , Westfall Andrew O. , Heath Sonya L. , Goodin Burel R. , Stewart Jesse C. , Sorge Robert E. , Younger Jarred 
Published: March 2017

Background:
The pathophysiology of chronic pain experienced by people living with HIV (PLWH) in the current antiretroviral treatment era is poorly understood. We sought to investigate the relationship between inflammation and chronic pain in PLWH. We hypothesized that, among PLWH who have undetectable HIV viral loads, those with chronic multisite pain (CMP) would have higher levels of circulating pain-related inflammatory markers than those without chronic pain.

Setting:
This study was conducted at the University of Alabama at Birmingham's Center for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical System site.

Methods:
We compared inflammatory markers in 70 PLWH with CMP and 70 PLWH without chronic pain. Custom multiplex human inflammatory assays were completed on banked plasma specimens to measure cytokines commonly associated with chronic inflammatory pain: interleukin 1β (IL-1β), eotaxin, IL-15, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor α, and leptin. Logistic regression models were built using group status (CMP vs no pain) as the outcome variable, with each cytokine as independent variables and age, sex, substance use, and prescribed opioid medications as covariates.

Results:
Participants were mostly men (71%); 53% were 50 years or older. The most common sites of pain were low back (86%), hands/feet (81%), and knee (66%). Median CD4+ T-cell count was 676 cells per milliliter. IL-1β was significantly higher in the CMP group than in the individuals without chronic pain (odds ratio: 1.35, 95% confidence interval: 1.01 to 1.82, P < 0.05). Eotaxin, IL-15, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor α, and leptin were not significantly different between groups.

Conclusions:
We found that PLWH who also have CMP have significantly higher levels of IL-1β than PLWH who do not have any pain. Future work on the role of IL-1β on chronic pain pathogenesis in this population may inform novel approaches to chronic pain management.
CoGe LoadExp+: A web-based suite that integrates next-gen sequencing data analysis workflows and visualization
Authors: Grover Jeffrey W. , Bomhoff Matthew , Davey Sean , Gregory Brian D. , Mosher Rebecca A. , Lyons Eric 
Published: March 2017

AbstractTo make genomic and epigenomic analyses more widely available to the biological research community, we have created LoadExp+, a suite of bioinformatics workflows integrated with the web-based comparative genomics platform, CoGe. LoadExp+ allows users to perform transcriptomic (RNA-seq), epigenomic (bisulfite-seq), chromatin-binding (ChIP-seq), variant identification (SNPs), and population genetics analyses against any genome in CoGe, including genomes integrated by users themselves. Through LoadExp+’s integration with CoGe’s existing features, all analyses are available for visualization and additional downstream processing, and are available for export to CyVerse’s data management and analysis platforms. LoadExp+ provides easy-to-use functionality to manage genomics and epigenomics data throughout its entire lifecycle and facilitates greater accessibility of genomics analyses to researchers of all skill levels. LoadExp+ can be accessed athttps://genomevolution.org.
SIMLR: a tool for large-scale single-cell analysis by multi-kernel learning
Authors: Wang Bo , Ramazzotti Daniele , De Sano Luca , Zhu Junjie , Pierson Emma , Batzoglou Serafim 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMotivationWe here present SIMLR (Single-cellInterpretation viaMulti-kernelLeaRning), an open-source tool that implements a novel framework to learn a cell-to-cell similarity measure from single-cell RNA-seq data. SIMLR can be effectively used to perform tasks such as dimension reduction, clustering, and visualization of heterogeneous populations of cells. SIMLR was benchmarked against state-of-the-art methods for these three tasks on several public datasets, showing it to be scalable and capable of greatly improving clustering performance, as well as providing valuable insights by making the data more interpretable via better a visualization.Availability and ImplementationSIMLR is available on GitHub in both R and MATLAB implementations. Furthermore, it is also available as an R package onbioconductor.org.Contactbowang87@stanford.eduordaniele.ramazzotti@stanford.eduSupplementary InformationSupplementary data are available atBioinformaticsonline.
BEARscc determines robustness of single-cell clusters using simulated technical replicates
Authors: Severson DT , Owen RP , White MJ , Lu X , Schuster-Böckler B 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTTechnical variance is a major confounding factor in single-cell RNA sequencing, not least because it is not possible to replicate measurements on the same cell. We present BEARscc, a tool that uses RNA spike-in controls to simulate experiment-specific technical replicates. We demonstrate that the tool improves the unsupervised classification of cells and facilitates the biological interpretation of single-cell RNA-seq experiments.
DBD-RCO: Derivative Based Detection and Reverse Combinatorial Optimization to improve heart beat detection for wearable devices
Authors: Bizzego Andrea , Furlanello Cesare 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe diffusion of wearable sensors enables the monitoring of heart physiology in real-life contexts. Wearable technology is characterized by important advantages but also by technical limitations that affect the quality of the collected signals in terms of movement artifacts and presence of noise. Therefore specific signal processing algorithms are required to cope with the lower quality and different characteristic of signals collected with wearable sensor units. Here we propose and validate a pipeline to detect heartbeats in cardiac signals, extract the Inter Beat Intervals (IBI) and compute the Heart Rate Variability (HRV) indicators from wearable devices. In particular, we describe the novel Derivative-Based Detection (DBD) algorithm to estimate the beat position in Blood Volume Pulse (BVP) signals and the Reverse Combinatorial Optimization (RCO) algorithm to identify and correct IBI extraction errors. The pipeline is first validated on data from clinical-grade sensors, then on a benchmark dataset including examples of movement artifacts in a real-life context. The accuracy of the DBD algorithm is assessed in terms of precision and recall of the detection; error in the IBI values is quantified by root mean square error. The reliability of HRV indicators is evaluated by the Bland-Altman ratio. The DBD algorithm performs better than a state-of-art algorithm for both medical-grade and wearable devices. However, as already found in similar studies, worse reliability is found with the BVP signal in computing frequency domain HRV indicators, in particular with wearable devices.
Crystal structure of a small heat-shock protein fromXylella fastidiosareveals a distinct high-order structure
Authors: Fonseca Emanuella Maria Barreto , Scorsato Valéria , dos Santos Marcelo Leite , Júnior Atilio Tomazini , Tada Susely Ferraz Siqueira , dos Santos Clelton Aparecido , de Toledo Marcelo Augusto Szymanski , de Souza Anete Pereira , Polikarpov Igor , Aparicio Ricardo 
Published: March 2017

Citrus variegated chlorosis is a disease that attacks economically important citrus plantations and is caused by the plant-pathogenic bacteriumXylella fastidiosa. In this work, the structure of a small heat-shock protein fromX. fastidiosa(XfsHSP17.9) is reported. The high-order structures of small heat-shock proteins from other organisms are arranged in the forms of double-disc, hollow-sphere or spherical assemblies. Unexpectedly, the structure reported here reveals a high-order architecture forming a nearly square cavity.
Benchmarking model for management education in India
Authors: Yeravdekar Swati , Behl Abhishek 
Published: March 2017

PurposeManagement education has assumed phenomenal prominence in India in recent years, with branding being a prime factor used as a yardstick, rather a benchmark or point of reference, for one institution having an edge over the other. The purpose of this paper is to explore the factors leading to branding of management education in India. It proposes two frameworks using Total Interpretive Structural Model (TISM) for public and private sector management colleges. For this purpose, variables are extracted using systematic literature review, which play a crucial role in changing the dynamics of college rankings. The inquiry distinctly examines the nature of relationship between them for public and private colleges offering higher education. The study further proposes strategies for improvement of rankings by discussing the hierarchy and interrelationship among the enablers.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses Interpretive Structural Model (ISM) to ascertain the linkages between the variables, and employs TISM to validate the reasons of association. The model was fabricated by consulting the experts from various spheres closely allied to branding and higher education, including the private agencies and decision makers in the selected colleges. The variables were furthermore structured for classification using Matrice d’Impacts Croises-Multiplication Appliqué an Classment Analysis.FindingsIt was observed that the variables behave differently when studied from the perspective of private sector colleges and public sector colleges; the former have seven levels of arrangement while it is only four for the latter. Quality of Faculty and Research were the key areas of concern for private sector colleges while infrastructure featured as a focal point for those in public sector. It was also evident that the placement of variables and their flow were different. Rankings should thus be premeditated differently for both the sectors and different weights should be assigned to rank the colleges.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is confined to branding of management education institutes in India, without considering other important disciplines for generalizing the framework. It is based on literature review followed by ISM, while other approaches such as ethnographic research methods and appreciative inquiry could have been possible alternatives as well.Practical implicationsThe paper helps in developing different frameworks for private and public sector institutes, which would assist them to have a homogenous completion within their respective sectors. The study can be used to measure the performance of colleges on various parameters and gives them linking variables to enhance their productivity.Originality/valueThe paper discusses the need for developing a different barometer to measure the performance of private sector and public sector colleges offering higher education.
The role of the Maqās․id al-Sharīʿah in preserving the environment
Authors: Gobaili Saged Ali Ali , Abu Alhaj Thabet Ahmad , Zulkifli Bi Mohd Yakub 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to attempt to present a number of higher purposes of Islamic law that include within their scope the preservation and protection of the natural environment. Such preservation is in the best interest of mankind.

Design/methodology/approach
The researchers have extrapolated evidence from the Qur’an and authentic traditions of the Prophet (PBUH) that afford a sense of certainty that Islamic laws contain operative or effective causes (illa) seeking the welfare of human beings and society.

Findings
The Qur’an and Sunnah have placed great importance on the preservation and protection of the environment. They have extolled the merits of treating the environment with care and compassion. Evidence of this can be found in authentic hadiths beginning with the Book of Purity and is found in many of the teachings concerning worship rituals and civic activities.

Originality/value
The researchers have attempted to present a number of higher purposes of Islamic law that include within their scope the preservation and protection of the natural environment. Such preservation is in the best interest of mankind. For this, the researchers have extrapolated evidence from the Qur’an and authentic traditions of the Prophet (PBUH) that afford a sense of certainty that Islamic laws contain operative or effective causes (illa) seeking the welfare of human beings and society.