bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health disparities in service delivery in the intensive care unit: A critical ethnographic study
Authors: Yarahmadi Sajad , Soleimani Mohsen , Gholami Mohammad , Fakhr‐Movahedi Ali , Madani Seyed Mohsen Saeidi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe intensive care unit has structural complexities, and critically ill patients are exposed to disparities. Thus, the intensive care unit can be a potential health disparity setting.AimThis study explored cultural knowledge associated with health disparities in the intensive care unit.Study DesignThis critical ethnographic study was conducted using Carspecken's approach. It was carried out in intensive care units in Western Iran from 2022 to 2023. Data collection and analysis were conducted in three interconnected stages. The initial stage involved over 300 h of field observation. In the subsequent stage, a horizon analysis was performed. Conversations with 17 informants were recorded in the final stage to enrich the dataset further. Then, the analysis process was carried out as in the previous step to uncover an implicit culture of health disparity.ResultsThis research revealed the following themes: (a) extension of the impact of political, social, and cultural powers, (b) being influenced by individual diversity, (c) balancing services based on the consideration of benefits and consequences, (d) departure from professional behaviour and (e) insufficient organizational discipline.ConclusionsThe findings of this study showed that individual diversity, political, social and cultural powers within a context of insufficient organizational discipline, and departure from professional behaviour influence the service delivery culture in the intensive care unit. Moreover, the benefits and consequences of service delivery impact its execution. These stereotypes have the potential to contribute to the emergence of health disparities. Cultural transformation is challenging because of deep‐rooted stereotypes, but the reduction of disparities is possible through awareness, critical self‐reflection and cultural competence.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThe findings of this research can prompt staff self‐reflection in situations prone to disparities. Health leaders can use these findings to shape health policies at both macro and micro levels.
Practices and Perception of Paediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea Among Orthodontists and Paediatric Dentists in Brazil: A Mixed‐Methods Study
Authors: Fagundes Nathalia Carolina Fernandes , da Rosa Moreira Bastos Renata Travassos , Perez Arnaldo , Flores‐Mir Carlos , Normando David 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo explore orthodontists' (OTs) and paediatric dentists' (PDs) practices and perceptions regarding the screening and management of paediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).MethodsThis explanatory sequential mixed methods design included OTs and PDs with active clinical practice in Brazil and encompassed a quantitative phase followed by a qualitative phase. In the quantitative phase, a survey assessing OSA screening and management practices was administered to OTs and PDs practicing in Brazil. Information‐rich OTs and PDs were interviewed in the qualitative phase. Descriptive statistics and the chi‐square test were used to analyse the survey data, while inductive content analysis was applied to the interview data. The results from both phases were integrated and reported narratively.ResultsThree hundred eighty‐one OTs and PDs completed the survey, and ten of them were interviewed. Nearly half of OTs and PDs administered sleep questionnaires and demonstrated some knowledge about paediatric OSA signs and symptoms. PDs and OTs primarily offered rapid maxillary expansion and functional mandibular advancement for managing selected children with OSA, with OTs being more frequently involved in this task than PDs. OTs and PDs identified several barriers and expressed the need for support regarding access to reliable screening tools and interprofessional care.ConclusionBrazilian OTs and PDs were aware of the main signs and symptoms of paediatric OSA and were somewhat involved in offering oral appliance management options. To further define the role of these professionals, increasing support for dental professionals in OSA management and updating existing clinical guidelines is warranted.
Impact of Climate Change Education on Pregnant Women's Anxiety and Awareness
Authors: Kaya Leyla , Keles Esra , Baydili Kürşad Nuri , Kaya Zahide , Kumru Pınar 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of climate change education on pregnant women's climate change awareness and anxiety.Study DesignQuasi‐experimental research with pre‐ and post‐test design.MethodsThis study was conducted among pregnant women who visited a tertiary maternity hospital between April and June 2023 to assess climate change awareness, perception, knowledge, behavioral and policy expectations, and anxiety before and after the introduction of climate change education. The first phase of the study was conducted by distributing a set of questions related to sociodemographics and completing the Climate Change Awareness Scale and the Climate Change Worry Scale, followed by climate change education where pregnant women were exposed to a brochure entitled “Pregnancy and Climate Change”. After the intervention, pregnant women were assessed using the same questionnaire.ResultsThere was a significant decrease in pregnant women's anxiety regarding climate change (p < 0.001). Participants' awareness (p < 0.001), perception (p < 0.001), knowledge (p < 0.001), and policy expectations regarding climate change significantly increased (p < 0.001), while their anxiety levels decreased (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe study suggests that climate change education may reduce climate change anxiety among pregnant women while also enhancing their awareness, and improving their perceptions, knowledge, behaviors, and policy expectations about climate change.
Effect of treatment frequency on the efficacy of superhydrophobic antimicrobial photodynamic therapy of periodontitis in a wistar rat model
Authors: Coradi Tonon Caroline , de Souza Rastelli Alessandra Nara , Bodahandi Chathuna , Ashraf Shoaib , Hasan Tayyaba , Xu QianFeng , Greer Alexander , Lyons Alan M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSuperhydrophobic antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (SH‐aPDT) is advantageous wherein airborne singlet oxygen (1O2) is delivered from a device tip to kill a biofilm with no photosensitizer exposure and no bacterial selectivity (Gram + or Gram −). For effective treatment of periodontitis, the frequency of treatment as well as the optical light fluence required is not known. Thus, we sought to determine whether single or repeated SH‐aPDT treatments would work best in vivo using two fluence values: 60 and 125 J/cm2. We assessed the efficacy of three protocols: single treatment; interval treatments (days 0, 2, and 7); and consecutive treatments (days 0, 1, and 2). After 30 days of evaluation, we found that, SH‐aPDT in 3 consecutive treatments significantly decreased Porphyromonas gingivalis levels compared to single and interval SH‐aPDT treatments, as well as SRP‐chlorhexidine (CHX) controls (p < 0.05). Notably, clinical parameters also improved (p < 0.05), and histological and stereometric analyses revealed that consecutive SH‐aPDT treatments were the most effective for promoting healing and reducing inflammation. Our study shows what works best for SH‐aPDT, while also demonstrating SH‐aPDT advantages to treatment of periodontitis including no bacterial selectivity (Gram + or Gram −) and preventing the development of bacterial resistance.
Prodrugs of paclitaxel improve in situ photo‐vaccination
Authors: Giram Prabhanjan , Bist Ganesh , Woo Sukyung , Wohlfert Elizabeth , Pili Roberto , You Youngjae 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) effectively kills cancer cells and initiates immune responses that promote anticancer effects locally and systemically. Primarily developed for local and regional cancers, the potential of PDT for systemic antitumor effects [in situ photo‐vaccination (ISPV)] remains underexplored. This study investigates: (1) the comparative effectiveness of paclitaxel (PTX) prodrug [Pc‐(L‐PTX)2] for PDT and site‐specific PTX effects versus its pseudo‐prodrug [Pc‐(NCL‐PTX)2] for PDT combined with checkpoint inhibitors; (2) mechanisms driving systemic antitumor effects; and (3) the prophylactic impact on preventing cancer recurrence. A bilateral tumor model was established in BALB/c mice through subcutaneous injection of CT26 cells. Mice received the PTX prodrug (0.5 μmole kg−1, i.v.), and tumors were treated with a 690‐nm laser (75 mW cm−2 for 30 min, drug‐light interval 0.5 h, light does 135 J cm−1), followed by anti‐CTLA‐4 (100 μg dose−1, i.p.) on days 1, 4, and 7. Notable enhancement in both local and systemic antitumor effectiveness was observed with [Pc‐(L‐PTX)2] compared to [Pc‐(NCL‐PTX)2] with checkpoint inhibitor. Immune cell depletion and immunohistochemistry confirmed neutrophils and CD8+ T cells are effectors for systemic antitumor effects. Treatment‐induced immune memory resisted newly rechallenged CT26, showcasing prophylactic benefits. ISPV with a PTX prodrug and anti‐CTLA‐4 is a promising approach for treating metastatic cancers and preventing recurrence.
Culture, self, and politics: The effect of interdependent self‐construal on system justification
Authors: Li Wenqi , Tian Yuxin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe tendency of individuals to either justify or challenge the existing social and political system has significant practical implications. This research integrates system justification theory with a cross‐cultural perspective to examine the impact and underlying mechanisms of interdependent self‐construal on system justification. Studies 1a (N = 201) and 1b (N = 205) demonstrated that interdependent self‐construal correlated with higher system justification among both American and Chinese participants. Study 2 (N = 500) and Study 3 (N = 983) found that manipulation of an interdependent view of self‐construal led to stronger system justification tendencies, and this effect was explained by an increased focus on collectivist values and respect for authority. Studies 4a (N = 278) and 4b (N = 836) further illustrated that the positive relationship between interdependent self‐construal and system justification remained consistent even in low social mobility contexts. Taken together, the current research provides valuable insights into the cross‐country differences in system justification and highlights the importance of incorporating cultural factors in future studies on system justification.
Using interpolation in Grade 5 to solve a mystery
Authors: Watson Jane , Fitzallen Noleine 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe practice of statistics has the power to motivate and support learning across the STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) disciplines. When connected with meaningful science contexts, statistical problem solving through the collection of data and subsequent data analysis, supported by contemporary graphing technology, presents opportunities to be innovative and creative in the delivery of learning across STEM curricula. Illustrated in this paper are the statistical outcomes associated with Grade 5 students, who were set the task of solving a mystery about an unknown concentration of a liquid through interpolation of data, which is seen here as finding a missing value in a dataset of two numerical variables where a relationship in the two variables can be represented in a bivariate graph.
Practical considerations for assessing crew noise exposure in armored vehicles
Authors: van Besouw Rachel M. , Evans Laurence C. , Service Neil D. , Greenough John , St. Hellen Silvren , Snow Malcolm R. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Measurement and analysis of the continuous and intermittent noise produced by armored vehicle (AV) platforms, including the output from communications systems as experienced by crew, are necessary for the purposes of exposure prediction, to support the selection of hearing protection and communication devices, and to facilitate assessments of compliance with occupational health and safety legislation. Practical estimation of the personal noise exposure of AV crews requires the assessment of the vehicle, communications and special-to-role activity noise sources, and an understanding of how these sources combine. Procedures are described that consider instrumentation requirements, AV configuration and build standard, operating conditions representative of actual use, the application of speed thresholding to measurements, and derivation of communications noise levels. Real-world examples are given where these procedures have been applied to an in-service tracked AV to estimate crew noise exposure. The procedures and methods presented are a compromise between precision, repeatability, reproducibility, and pragmatism. Measurements of AV noise are expected to be obtained during the commissioning stage of vehicle design, immediately prior to the vehicle being put into operational service and following any major modifications to the vehicle to inform the necessary engineering, administrative, and personal protective equipment control measures.
Investigate of thermodynamic behavior of magnetized two-flavor quark-gluon plasma
Authors: Wang Lian-bo , Zhu Chun-jiao , Li Jian-feng 
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we extend the self-consistent quasi-particle model proposed by Zong et al. [Phys. Lett. B 711, 65 (2012)] to the case of finite magnetic field. The vacuum infinity zero-point energy is successfully eliminated by introducing a classical thermo-magnetic background field [Formula: see text] in the effective Lagrangian based on Zong’s method. By considering relativistic Landau energy levels, we have applied the improved quasi-particle model to the case of a two-flavor quark gluon plasma. We obtain a finite partition function and calculate the energy density, pressure and entropy density at zero chemical potential. These results are qualitatively consistent with the results of previous literature works.
Impact of State of Health (SOH) on the Thermal Safety of Lithium Ion Cells for Long 1st Life and 2nd Life Applications
Authors: Timke Bennet , Winter Martin , Niehoff Philip 
Published: October 2024

Lithium ion battery (LIB) safety incidents can be a threat for people and the environment. Since today, only safety tests on fresh cells are decisive for safety level determination, the effect of long-term operation on their safety characteristics needs to be addressed. A large loss of lithium over long periods of time could, for example, result in reduced structural and thermal stability of the cathode. LIBs are normally used until they reach an end-of-life criterion of typically 70%–80% state of health (SOH). However, they can be reused in second-life applications such as stationary (“grid”) energy storage, afterwards. To ensure safety during long first life and second-life, in this study the influence of aging was investigated over a higher cycle number and a longer time period than ever before. 5 Ah LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2(NMC622)||graphite (G) pouch cells were aged at 20 °C between 530 and 3,806 cycles (151–615 d of continuous cycling). SOHs between 91% and 63% were obtained. After aging, the thermal properties of the cells were investigated by heat-wait-search experiments under adiabatic conditions using an accelerating rate calorimeter. The cells showed almost exclusively improvements in their safety characteristics, the thermal runaway even tended to be shifted to higher temperatures.
Effect of Estrogen Receptor on the Relationship Between HER2 Immunohistochemistry Score and Pathological Complete Response to Neoadjuvant Treatment in HER2‐Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Jia Miaomiao , Yang Haibo , Pan Lihui , Gao Jinnan , Guo Fan 
Published: October 2024

Purpose: We aimed to investigate whether estrogen receptor (ER) status affects the predictive role of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) immunohistochemistry (IHC) score on the efficacy of neoadjuvant treatment for HER2‐positive breast cancer.Methods: This retrospective study comprised 167 individuals diagnosed with HER2‐positive invasive breast cancer who had undergone neoadjuvant treatment and surgery. Uni‐ and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed on the relationship between the HER2 IHC score and total pathological complete response (tpCR), breast pathological complete response (bpCR), or axillary partial response (apCR). Subgroup analyses were used to investigate whether the relationship between the HER2 IHC score and tpCR, bpCR, or apCR differed by ER or PR status.Results: The overall tpCR rate for HER2‐positive breast cancers treated with neoadjuvant treatment was 41.32% (69 of 167). The tpCR, bpCR, and apCR rates were greater in the HER2 IHC 3+ group (tpCR: IHC 3 + 47.69% vs. IHC 2 + 18.92%, p = 0.009). Significant interactions between HER2 IHC score and tpCR or bpCR were found in subgroup analyses based on ER status (tpCR: p for interaction = 0.001; bpCR: p for interaction = 0.001). Among ER‐positive patients, the HER2 IHC 2+ group had substantially decreased tpCR, bpCR, and apCR rates than the HER2 IHC 3+ group (tpCR rate: p = 0.003; bpCR rate: p = 0.002; apCR rate: p = 0.002). For ER‐negative individuals, the tpCR, bpCR, and apCR rates did not differ significantly among the HER2 IHC 3+ versus HER2 IHC 2+ groups. Similarly, interactions between HER2 IHC score and tpCR, bpCR, or apCR were found in subgroup analyses based on PR status.Conclusion: HER2 IHC 2+ may indicate a decreased tpCR rate, bpCR rate, and apCR rate to neoadjuvant treatment in HR‐positive patients having HER2‐positive breast cancer, but not in HR‐negative patients.
“Asian” Principles for the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments? Singapore as a Case Study
Authors: Chong Adeline 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper considers if there can be said to be an “Asian” body of principles for the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments. Tapping on the results of a research project which was conducted from 2016 to 2020, it is submitted that the answer to this query is in the negative. However, it is suggested that what marks out the “Asian” approach to private international law is the willingness of Asian countries to look outwards for reform and development and to balance the adoption of international norms against important local norms and objectives. Singapore’s approach to the recognition and enforcement is discussed as a case study of this Asian approach.
National Weather Service (NWS) Forecasters’ Perceptions of AI/ML and Its Use in Operational Forecasting
Authors: Wirz Christopher D. , Demuth Julie L. , Cains Mariana G. , White Miranda , Radford Jacob , Bostrom Ann 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML) have attracted a great deal of attention from the atmospheric science community. The explosion of attention on AI/ML development carries implications for the operational community, prompting questions about how novel AI/ML advancements will translate from research into operations. However, the field lacks empirical evidence on how National Weather Service (NWS) forecasters, as key intended users, perceive AI/ML and its use in operational forecasting. This study addresses this crucial gap through structured interviews conducted with 29 NWS forecasters from October 2021 through July 2023 in which we explored their perceptions of AI/ML in forecasting. We found that forecasters generally prefer the term “machine learning” over “artificial intelligence” and that labeling a product as being AI/ML did not hurt perceptions of the products and made some forecasters more excited about the product. Forecasters also had a wide range of familiarity with AI/ML, and overall, they were (tentatively) open to the use of AI/ML in forecasting. We also provide examples of specific areas related to AI/ML that forecasters are excited or hopeful about and that they are concerned or worried about. One concern that was raised in several ways was that AI/ML could replace forecasters or remove them from the forecasting process. However, forecasters expressed a widespread and deep commitment to the best possible forecasts and services to uphold the agency mission using whatever tools or products that are available to assist them. Last, we note how forecasters’ perceptions evolved over the course of the study.
Pediatric Headache Patients Are at High Risk of Vitamin D Insufficiency
Authors: Deschênes Éloïse R. , Do Jeffrey , Tsampalieros Anne , Webster Richard J. , Whitley Nicole , Ward Leanne M. , Pohl Daniela 
Published: October 2024

Background Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with headaches in adults, but data for children with headaches are sparse. Objective To describe vitamin D levels in children with headaches. Methods We retrospectively analyzed serum 25(OH)D concentrations in children aged 2-17 years with headaches compared to children with epilepsy at the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario between October 1, 2014, and August 19, 2021. Serum 25(OH)D <50 nmol/L was classified as insufficient. Results Vitamin D concentrations of 353 children (117 with headaches; 236 with epilepsy) were analyzed. The median age in years was 10 (interquartile range [IQR] 5, 14); 50.4% of subjects were female. The median serum 25(OH)D was 56 nmol/L (IQR 41, 69) in children with headaches and 70 nmol/L (IQR 50, 95) in children with epilepsy. Vitamin D insufficiency was present in 42% of children with headaches and 25% of children with epilepsy ( P = .002). In a multivariable linear regression model adjusting for age, sex and seasonality, children with headaches had serum 25(OH)D concentrations that were on average 9 nmol/L (95% CI-16.76, −0.96) lower compared to children with epilepsy ( P = .029). Conclusion The prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency is higher in children with headaches compared to children with epilepsy. Prospective studies are needed to assess if vitamin D supplementation may have a therapeutic effect on pediatric headaches.
Investigating the Impact of Additional Congenital Malformations on Speech Outcomes at age Five in Children with a Cleft Palate
Authors: Butterworth Sophie , Fitzsimons Kate J. , Britton Lorraine , Van Eeden Stephanie , Medina Jibby , van der Meulen Jan , Russell Craig J.H. 
Published: October 2024

Objective To determine whether children born with a cleft palate ± lip (CP ± L) and additional congenital differences (ACDs – including ‘Congenital malformations and deformations’ as coded in ICD-10), are less likely to meet the three national speech outcome standards at age five compared to children with CP ± L and no ACDs. Design An observational study, utilizing national data from the UK Cleft Registry and Audit NEtwork (CRANE) Database linked to national administrative data of hospital admissions. Setting National Health Service, England. Patients 2191 children (993 female, 1198 male) with CP ± L, born 2006-2012 in England, with complete speech data and consent to data linkage. Outcome Measure Perceptual speech analysis utilised the Cleft Audit Protocol for Speech – Augmented (CAPS-A) rating and United Kingdom National Speech Outcome Standards (Speech Standard 1 (SS1), Speech Standard 2a (SS2a) and Speech Standard 3 (SS3)). Results Of 2191 children, 759 (35%) had at least one ACD. Presence of one ACD did not significantly impact speech outcomes but two or more ACDs reduced the odds of achieving all three speech standards: SS1 aOR 0.602 (CI 0.45-0.82, P = .002), SS2a aOR 0.563 (CI 0.41-0.77, P = .001), SS3 aOR 0.606 (0.43-0.84, P = .003). When exploring ACDs by ICD-10 groupings, congenital malformations of the ‘Eye, ear, face and neck’, ‘Circulatory system’, ‘Digestive system’, ‘Musculoskeletal system’ and ‘Other congenital malformations’ reduced a child's odds of achieving the speech standards. Conclusions ACDs, in the absence of a known syndrome, have a significant impact on speech outcome at age five. Incorporating these factors into risk-adjustment models for service level outcome reporting is recommended.