bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘The Advice of a Gent Who Died from Neglecting it’: The Gentlemanly Pursuit of Knowledge Regarding Domestic Medicine in Kent c.1630–1800
Authors: Richards Francesca Elizabeth 
Published: October 2024

Summary
English gentlemen in the early modern period held ultimate responsibility for the health of their households. Building on previous studies which have revealed how both men and women of the gentry participated in remedy-collecting and some forms of caring duties as necessity demanded, this article situates gentlemanly interest in domestic medicine within familial, social and professional networks of knowledge and reading practices. Employing a micro-historical approach, this study explores the interests of Sir Henry Oxinden of Barham and his great-grandson, Lee Warly of Canterbury, who developed their medical knowledge by consulting female relatives, local acquaintances and medical texts. They assessed the value of physicians’ advice and the appeal of new ingredients. This article thus contributes a significant case study to the historiography of domestic medicine, presenting the gentlemanly pursuit of medical knowledge for practical and academic purposes as an activity which enhanced male status within the family and community.
Talocalcaneonavicular Realignment: The Foundation for Comprehensive Reconstruction of Severe, Resistant Neurologic Cavovarus, and Equinocavovarus Foot Deformities in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Galán-Olleros María , Chorbadjian-Alonso Gonzalo , Ramírez-Barragán Ana , Figueroa María Jesús , Fraga-Collarte Manuel , Martínez-González Carmen , Prato de Lima Carlos H. , Martínez-Caballero Ignacio 
Published: October 2024

Introduction:
The progression of neurologic cavovarus (NCV) and equinocavovarus (NECV) foot deformities during growth can eventually lead to non-reducible severe talonavicular (TN) and subtalar (ST) joint rotational malalignments. This study aimed to describe a technique to correct severe, resistant inversion deformity of the ST joint complex as the foundational procedure in comprehensive reconstruction of multi-segmental NCV and NECV deformities in pediatric patients and to analyze mid-term radiologic, functional, and satisfaction outcomes.

Methods:
This prospective study included children with severe NCV and NECV foot deformities who underwent TCNR between 2019 and 2022, with a minimum follow-up of 2 years. Talocalcaneal angle, talus-1 metatarsal angles, and TN coverage angle were measured in preoperative and postoperative weight-bearing foot radiographs. The foot and ankle disability index, foot function index, and Maryland foot score evaluated functionality. Qualitative questions assessed perceived improvement, satisfaction, and expectations of patients/caregivers. Descriptive, comparative pre-post, subgroup, correlation, and satisfaction analysis were performed.

Results:
Twenty-six patients (36 feet: 16 unilateral and 10 bilateral) were included; 50% were female, median age was 12.1 years (IQR, 3.21) and median follow-up was 32.9 months (IQR, 18.7). Fifty-four percent had cerebral palsy, and 23% had charcot-marie-tooth disease; 84.6% were ambulatory. Significant improvements were found in radiologic parameters and functional outcomes (P<0.01), with no relevant differences between unilateral or bilateral procedures, pathology, functional level, or ambulatory capacity (P>0.05). Correlations between radiologic parameters or functional scales with age were generally low. Most reported significant functional improvements, outcomes exceeding expectations, and high satisfaction; they would recommend the surgery and undergo the procedure again. There were 3 minor complications: hypersensitivity, partial recurrence, and undercorrection.

Conclusions:
The TCNR technique enables realignment of severe, resistant inversion deformity of the ST joint complex in NCV and NECV foot deformities. When combined with procedures to correct the other foot deformities and muscle imbalances, functional outcomes are enhanced, high patient/caregiver satisfaction is achieved, and low complication rates are possible. This approach represents an important modification and extension of an already described technique, the deep plantar-medial release.

Level of Evidence
Level III, therapeutic prospective cohort study.
Branch retinal vein occlusion and peripheral nonperfusion associated with astrocytic hamartoma of the optic nerve head in a patient with tuberous sclerosis
Authors: Bulas Sabrina Y. , Hanif Adam M. , Thomas Merina 
Published: October 2024

Purpose:
To report a case of branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) causing retinal neovascularization (NV) and vitreous hemorrhage associated with astrocytic hamartoma (AH) involving the optic nerve head in a patient with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). We review the natural history of the clinical presentation and posit its etiology.

Methods:
Electronic health records were reviewed for patient history and demographics and multimodal ophthalmic imaging including fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, and optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Results:
Neovascularization emanating superiorly and inferiorly from a large AH of the optic nerve head was identified as the cause of a longstanding vitreous hemorrhage. Retinal nonperfusion was also found in superior peripheral quadrants, most notably distal to the superior NV. OCT was useful in visualizing small retinal AH in the fellow eye that was otherwise undetected on prior dilated fundus examinations. The patient was treated with intravitreal anti-VEGF and superior sectoral PRP in the involved eye.

Conclusion:
BRVO and associated NV may represent rare vision-threatening sequela of AH in TSC and manifested in this case with diffuse peripheral retinal nonperfusion secondary to BRVO-induced ischemia. OCT is a valuable resource in identifying and monitoring AH of the retina.
Invasive Candidiasis in Pediatric Hematologic Malignancy: Increased Risk of Dissemination With Candida tropicalis
Authors: Said Amira M. , Afridi Faraz , Redell Michele S. , Vrana Chelsea , O’Farrell Candelaria , Scheurer Michael E. , Dailey Garnes Natalie J. , Gramatges Maria Monica , Dutta Ankhi 
Published: October 2024

Background:

Candida species are the most common cause of invasive fungal disease, and children with hematologic malignancy are at increased risk. Non-albicans Candida (NAC) now account for more than half of all invasive candidiasis (IC) and carry a worse prognosis. We aimed to compare the epidemiology, risk factors, organ dissemination, biomarkers and outcomes in IC based on the species implicated and evaluate trends in antifungal resistance over time.

Methods:
Patients 0–18 years of age with hematologic malignancy and IC at 2 centers were included. Fifty-three patients from 2011 to 2022 were identified. Information related to demographics, host and risk factors, Candida species and antifungal susceptibilities, treatment and outcomes was collected via retrospective chart review. Data were analyzed at the species level.

Results:
The incidence rate of IC was 29 per 1000 patients with leukemia and lymphoma. The median time to infection from diagnosis of malignancy was 38 days. Candida tropicalis (n = 17; 30%) was the most identified species followed by Candida albicans (n = 14; 25%). Patients with C. tropicalis infection were more likely to have dissemination to the eyes (P = 0.035), spleen (P = 0.001) and skin (P = 0.003) than patients with C. albicans or other NAC. Of the 34 patients who underwent dilated retinal examination, 24% (n = 8) had evidence of intraocular candidiasis. Seven of the 8 patients with intraocular disease had prolonged candidemia (3 or more days; P = 0.003). The 12-week crude mortality rate was 16.9%.

Conclusions:
NAC, specifically C. tropicalis, accounted for most of the IC in children with hematological malignancies. Screening for intraocular candidiasis continues to play an important role in patients with IC, and future studies are needed to determine if screening can be limited to patients with select risk factors.
A Composite Score Reflecting an Initiative to Reduce Harm, Protect Patients, and Promote Safety
Authors: Smith Katelynd , McAvoy Julia , Six John D. , Goss Lisa 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Since 2011, hospitals in the United States have used the Total Harm Rate as a metric to address and enhance patient safety by mitigating harmful events. However, upon evaluation, it was concluded that this tool had lost its validity and was not widely used as an effective measure to prevent harm to patients. There are no similar comparative data in the literature to which we can compare our results with others. The Quality Management Performance Improvement team began to develop a composite safety score that would be used to reflect the environment of patient safety and promote improvement opportunities.
Crista Fenestra Heights Measured by HRCT Predicts the Necessity for Extended Round Window Approach for Slim Modiolar Electrode
Authors: Teramura Atsumu , Kashio Akinori , Sahara Toshihito , Koyama Hajime , Kamogashira Teru , Urata Shinji , Ueha Rumi , Yamasoba Tatsuya 
Published: October 2024

Objective
To evaluate the morphology of the crista fenestra (CF) using three-dimensional reconstruction based on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and to examine the influence of CF height on the insertion approach used for CI632/532 implants.

Study design
Retrospective study

Setting
Tertiary referral center

Patients
Forty-five ears of 37 patients who received CI632/532 implants were included.

Interventions
HRCT images were reconstructed into three-dimensional images, and CF structures were identified. The patients were divided into two group based on the insertion approach: round window approach (RW; n = 27) and extended round window approach (eRW; n = 18). To evaluate CF interference, 10 cases in the eRW group in which the sheath or electrode did not pass through the RW before widening the RW niche (nRW group) were specifically included in the analysis.

Main outcome measure
The identified CF cross-sections were confirmed by HRCT axial sectioning, and CF heights were measured.

Results
The mean CF height was significantly greater in the nRW group than in the RW group (0.97 vs. 0.78 mm).

Conclusion
CF was identified using three-dimensional computer graphics (3DCG) and the CF height on the HRCT axial sections. Thus, measuring the CF height using 3DCG reconstruction can facilitate the preoperative selection of the electrode insertion approach.
Medical therapy for male infertility
Authors: Pozzi Edoardo , Corsini Christian , Salonia Andrea 
Published: October 2024

Purpose of review
To provide up-to-date evidence and clinical guidance on the role of medical therapy in the context of hormonal imbalances affecting human spermatogenesis.

Recent findings
Compelling evidence has accumulated over the years regarding the role of gonadotropins, selective estrogen modulators, and aromatase inhibitors to either improve or restore spermatogenesis in men with hormonal abnormalities (e.g. hypogonadotropic/hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, hyperprolactinemia) or supraphysiologic levels (e.g. exogenous testosterone/anabolic steroid use). Despite the increasing number of studies being performed, most of the available evidence relies on small nonrandomized studies, mainly in men with hypergonadotropic hypogonadism or with history of exogenous testosterone/anabolic steroid use. As such, the efficacy of medical therapy is highly variable emphasizing the necessity of randomized clinical trials and individualized approaches.

Summary
This narrative review provides clinical guidance on medical therapies for male factor infertility based on the most up-to-date evidence, focusing on treatments for hormonal abnormalities (either hypogonadotropic or hypergonadotropic hypogonadism and hyperprolactinemia) and supraphysiologic levels (and exogenous testosterone/anabolic steroid use) to improve spermatogenesis.
Retention of Nursing Educators
Authors: Bahari Ghareeb , Alghamdi Alya 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Limited support for nurse educators can hinder their professional development, as they may struggle to apply best practices and innovative teaching strategies.

Purpose:
This study aimed to identify the personal and work environment aspects that influence nursing faculty members’ ability to remain in academia.

Methods:
This qualitative descriptive study was conducted with 18 faculty members working at 2 public universities in Saudi Arabia. Four focus group sessions were conducted, and a thematic analysis approach was used for the data analysis.

Results:
The following themes emerged: appreciation and sense of security, individual and personal characteristics, work environment factors, cultural influences and responsibilities, and recommendations for individuals and organizations.

Conclusions:
Based on these themes, future research should implement appreciation initiatives such as recognition programs, mentorship opportunities, and regular feedback sessions, as well as evaluate their impact on educators’ sense of appreciation and recognition.
Altered orbitofrontal cortex neural variability underlies idiosyncratic experiences during aging
Authors: Majumdar Gargi , Yazin Fahd , Banerjee Arpan , Roy Dipanjan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMoment-to-moment neural variability plays a crucial role in learning and behavioral flexibility. This variability has been linked to age-associated differences in task performances and resting-state activity. However, its directional effects – whether increased or decreased neural variability is beneficial – remain context-dependent and unclear. Here, we demonstrate that changes to cortical neural variability during naturalistic experience serve as a readout of changes to region-specific computations, distinct from resting-state variability and mean neural activity. During the affective experience, older adults exhibited a bi-directional neural variability shift within the medial and lateral orbitofrontal cortex. By employing a Bayesian learning model, we revealed that this corresponded to heightened uncertainty in the computational estimates of evolving valence in older adults. This was reflected in frequent state switching in neural response and temporally distorted representations within the lOFC in older adults, compared to stable, coherent representations in the young. Crucially, these representational changes mirrored the arousal responses of the two groups. These results advance our understanding of how neural variability might carry unique information in aging, particularly to their changing and possibly idiosyncratic affective experiences.Significance StatementWith an increase in average lifespan, older individuals will be required to take greater responsibility for their physical and emotional wellbeing. However, the nature and neural underpinnings of age-associated emotional changes still remain a paradox. Without a well-grounded theoretical principle, the neurocognitive theories that ensued to explain these alterations have yielded significant inconsistencies especially in relation to emotion processing under naturalistic real-world scenarios. Combining evidence from large-scale behavioral and neuroimaging data on both simple and naturalistic emotional tasks, we demonstrated that these idiosyncratic emotional responses with aging, stems from their suboptimal computation of uncertainty during hierarchical inference, manifested as increased neural variability and distorted latent state representations in lateral orbitofrontal cortex. Together, our findings illustrate that age-associated emotional changes can be unified under a singular framework of misestimation of uncertainty, within a Bayesian brain purview, without the need for bespoke theories to explain disjunctive evidence.
Enhanced proteome profiling of human cerebrospinal fluid using a commercial plasma enrichment strategy
Authors: Borràs Eva , Anastasi Federica , Pastor Olga , Suárez-Calvet Marc , Sabidó Eduard 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a valuable liquid biopsy for identifying protein biomarkers in neurological diseases, yet its proteome profiling faces challenges due to the large dynamic range of protein abundances. In this study, we assessed the effectiveness of a commercial enrichment strategy, initially developed for plasma samples, in enhancing the detection of low-abundance proteins in human CSF. We demonstrate significant improvements in protein identification and coverage depth while maintaining high reproducibility and low coefficients of variation. These findings underscore the potential of this enrichment strategy to facilitate rapid and sensitive CSF analysis, advancing biomarker discovery in neurological research.
TheEscherichia colireplication initiator DnaA is titrated on the chromosome
Authors: Olivi Lorenzo , Köstlbacher Stephan , Langendoen Mees , Claassens Nico J. , Ettema Thijs J.G. , van der Oost John , Wolde Pieter Rein ten , Hohlbein Johannes , Staals Raymond H. J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDNA replication initiation is orchestrated in many prokaryotes by the replication initiator DnaA. Two models for regulation of DnaA activity inEscherichia colihave been proposed: the switch between an active and inactive form of DnaA, and the titration of DnaA on theE. colichromosome. Although proposed decades ago, experimental evidence of a titration-based control mechanism is still lacking. Here, we first identified a conserved high-density region of binding motifs near the origin of replication, an advantageous trait for titration of DnaA. We then investigated the mobility of DnaA by single-particle tracking microscopy in wild-type and deletion mutantsE. colistrains, while monitoring cellular size and DNA content. Our results indicate that the chromosome ofE. colicontrols the free amount of DnaA in a growth rate-dependent fashion. Finally, we provide insights on the relevance of DnaA titration in stabilising DNA replication by preventing re-initiation events during slow growth.
Direct mitochondrial import of lactate supports resilient carbohydrate oxidation
Authors: Cluntun Ahmad A. , Visker Joseph R. , Velasco-Silva Jesse N. , Lang Marisa J. , Cedeño-Rosario Luis , Shankar Thirupura S. , Hamouche Rana , Ling Jing , Kim Ji Eon , Toshniwal Ashish G. , Low Hayden K. , Cunningham Corey N. , Carrington James , Catrow Jonathan Leon , Pearce Quentinn , Jeong Mi-Young , Bott Alex J. , Narbona-Pérez Álvaro J. , Stanley Claire E. , Li Qing , Eberhardt David R. , Morgan Jeffrey T. , Yadav Tarun , Wells Chloe E. , Ramadurai Dinesh K. A. , Swiatek Wojciech I. , Chaudhuri Dipayan , Rothstein Jeffery D. , Muoio Deborah M. , Paulo Joao A. , Gygi Steven P. , Baker Steven A. , Navankasattusas Sutip , Cox James E. , Funai Katsuhiko , Drakos Stavros G. , Rutter Jared , Ducker Gregory S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLactate is the highest turnover circulating metabolite in mammals. While traditionally viewed as a waste product, lactate is an important energy source for many organs, but first must be oxidized to pyruvate for entry into the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle). This reaction is thought to occur in the cytosol, with pyruvate subsequently transported into mitochondria via the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC). Using13C stable isotope tracing, we demonstrated that lactate is oxidized in the myocardial tissue of mice even when the MPC is genetically deleted. This MPC-independent lactate import and mitochondrial oxidation is dependent upon the monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1/Slc16a1). Mitochondria isolated from the myocardium without MCT1 exhibit a specific defect in mitochondrial lactate, but not pyruvate, metabolism. The import and subsequent mitochondrial oxidation of lactate by mitochondrial lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) acts as an electron shuttle, generating sufficient NADH to support respiration even when the TCA cycle is disrupted. In response to diverse cardiac insults, animals with hearts lacking MCT1 undergo rapid progression to heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Thus, the mitochondrial import and oxidation of lactate enables carbohydrate entry into the TCA cycle to sustain cardiac energetics and maintain myocardial structure and function under stress conditions.
Environment and diet shape the geography-specificDrosophila melanogastermicrobiota composition
Authors: Gale Joseph T. , Kreutz Rebecca , Gottfredson Morgan Sarah J. , Davis Emma K. , Hough Connor , Cisneros Cancino Wendy A. , Burnside Brittany , Barney Ryan , Hunsaker Reese , Hoyt Ashton Tanner , Cluff Aubrey , Nosker Maggie , Sefcik Chandler , Beales Eliza , Beltz Jack , Frandsen Paul B. , Schmidt Paul , Chaston John M. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTGeographic and environmental variation in the animal microbiota can be directly linked to the evolution and wild fitness of their hosts but often appears to be disordered. Here, we sought to better understand patterns that underlie wild variation in the microbiota composition ofDrosophila melanogaster. First, environmental temperature predicted geographic variation in fly microbial communities better than latitude did. The microbiota also differed between wild flies and their diets, supporting previous conclusions that the fly microbiota is not merely a reflection of diet. Flies feeding on different diets varied significantly in their microbiota composition, and flies sampled from individual apples were exceptionally depauperate for the Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB), a major bacterial group in wild and laboratory flies. However, flies bore significantly more LAB when sampled from other fruits or compost piles. Follow-up analyses revealed that LAB abundance in the flies uniquely responds to fruit decomposition, whereas other microbiota members better indicate temporal seasonal progression. Finally, we show that diet-dependent variation in the fly microbiota is associated with phenotypic differentiation of fly lines collected in a single orchard. These last findings link covariation between the flies’ dietary history, microbiota composition, and genetic variation across relatively small (single-orchard) landscapes, reinforcing the critical role that environment-dependent variation in microbiota composition can play in local adaptation and genomic differentiation of a model animal host.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe microbial communities of animals influence their hosts’ evolution and wild fitness, but it is hard to predict and explain how the microbiota varies in wild animals. Here, we describe that the microbiota composition of wildDrosophila melanogastercan be ordered by temperature, humidity, geographic distance, diet decomposition, and diet type. We show how these determinants of microbiota variation can help explain lactic acid bacteria (LAB) abundance in the flies, including the rarity of LAB in some previous studies. Finally, we show that wild fly phenotypes segregate with the flies’ diet and microbiota composition, illuminating links between the microbiota and host evolution. Together, these findings help explain how variation in microbiota compositions can shape an animal’s life history.