bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antifungal activity of lemon, eucalyptus, thyme, oregano, sage and lavender essential oils against Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus tubingensis isolated from grapes
Authors: Cí­sarová Miroslava , Tančinová Dana , Medo Juraj 
Published: January 2016

Today, it is very important to find out the protection of products of natural origin as an alternative to synthetic fungicides. The promising alternative is the use of the essential oils (EOs). Essential oils from plants have great potential as a new source of fungicide to control the pathogenic fungi.The main objective of this study was evaluation of the antifungal activity of lemon (Citrus lemon L.), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus LABILL.), thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) sage (Salvia officinalis L.) and lavender (Lavandula angustifolia MILLER.) EOs against Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus tubingensis isolated from grapes and their ability to affect the growth. It was tested by using the vapor contact with them. At first both tested isolates were identified by using PCR method. Sequence data of 18S rRNA supported the assignment of these isolates to the genus Aspergillus and species A. niger (ITS region: KT824061; RPB2: KT824060) and A. tubingensis (ITS region: KT824062; RPB2: KT824059). Second, EO antifungal activity was evaluated. The effect of the EO volatile phase was confirmed to inhibit growth of A. niger and A tubingensis. EOs were diluted in DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) final volume of 100 μL. Only 50 μL this solution was distributed on a round sterile filter paper (1 x 1 cm) by micropipette, and the paper was placed in the center of the lid of Petri dishes. Dishes were kept in an inverted position. The essential oils with the most significant activity were determined by method of graded concentration of oils - minimum inhibitory doses (MIDs). The most effective tested EOs were oregano and thyme oils, which totally inhibited growth of tested isolates for all days of incubation at 0.625 μL.cm-3 (in air) with MFDs 0.125 μL.cm-3 (in air). Lavender EO was less active aginst tested strains (MIDs 0.313 μL.cm-3). The results showed that the tested EOs had antifungal activity, except lemon and eucalyptus. Sage EO was the only one which decelerated the radial growth of colony of both tested strains after all days of cultivation in comparison with a control sets. Our study provides the support that essential oils can be used to control plant pathogens such as A. niger and A. tubingensis.
The extension of shelf-life of chicken meat after application of caraway and anise essential oils and vacuum packaging
Authors: Kluz Maciej , Terentjeva Margarita , Puchalski Czeslav , Hutková Jana , Kántor Attila , Petrová Jana , Mellen Martin , Čuboň Juraj , Haščí­k Peter , Kordiaka Rafal , Kunová Simona , Kačániová Miroslava 
Published: January 2016

The effect of caraway (CEO) and anise (AEO) essential oils as well as vacuum packaging (VP) in extending of the shelf life of fresh chicken breast meat stored at 4 °C was investigated. CEO and AEO were used at concentrations 0.2% v/w with and without VP. Microbiological properties of chicken breast meat were monitored over a 16 day period. The microbiological parameters as the anaerobic plate count (AC), Enterobacteraceae, lactic acid bacteria and Pseudomonas spp. counts were detected. The anaerobic plate counts ranged from 2.77 log cfu.g-1 in all tested group on 0 day to 5.45 log cfu.g-1 on 16 day in control group stored in air condition. The number of lactic acid bacteria ranged from 3.20 log cfu.g-1 in all tested group on 0 day to 4.75 log cfu.g-1 on 16 day in control group stored in air condition. Enterobacteriaceae counts ranged from 0.00 to 4.25 log cfu.g-1on 16 day in control group stored in air condition. The number of Pseudomonas spp. ranged from 0.00 log cfu.g-1 in all tested group on 0 day to 2.65 log cfu.g-1 on 16 day in control group stored in air condition. Statistically significant differences (P≤0.001) were found among tested group in all tested microorganisms. Among the antimicrobial combination treatments were examined in the study, the as application of vacuum packaging, EDTA, and essential oils were the most effective against the growth of lactic acid bacteria and Enterobactericeae and to a less extent on anaerobic plate count. The results of this present study suggest the possibility of using the essential oil of caraway and anise as natural food preservatives and potential source of antimicrobial ingredients for chicken breast meat.
Evaluation of primary and secondary metabolites in selected varieties of potatoes.
Authors: Mareček Ján , Ivanišová Eva , Frančáková Helena , Musilová Janette , Krajčovič Tomáš , Mendelová Andrea 
Published: January 2016

The aim of study was to determine primary and secondary metabolites in selected varieties of potatoes. Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) are good source of bioactive compounds, mainly phenols as one of the most important components. The chemical composition with reducing sugar, starch, ascorbic acid, total polyphenol and flavonoid content were analyzed in five potato varieties (Agria, Marabel, Red Anna, Picasso, Princess). Values of dry matter content ranged from 20.34 to 23.64%. In terms of tubers storage, its content above 20% is required. The highest level of starch was detected in variety Princess (16.82%). The lowest reducing sugar content was recorded by variety Marabel (0.08%). Similarly, low values reached varieties Princess (0.12%), Agria (0.14) and Red Anna (0.16%). These would be appropriate to use for food processing and for production of fried potato chips or fries. Variety Red Anna reached the highest amount of vitamin C (73.72 mg.kg-1). The lower levels of this vitamin showed tubers of varieties Picasso (35.02 mg.kg-1) and Princess (36.89 mg.kg-1). The antioxidant activity was measured with radical scavenging assays using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical as well as phosphomolybdenic assay. Potato varieties contained high levels of total polyphenols (0.474 – 1.550 mg GAE per dry weight) and flavonoids (1.407 – 15.933 μg QE per dry weight). The consumption of potatoes can provide nutritional value along with antioxidant potential that can be helpful for proper functioning of the body physiological systems. Statistical evaluation by the single factor analysis of variance detected high significant impact of variety on the content of all the analytical parameters in evaluated varieties of potato tubers.
Characterization of protein fractions and antioxidant activity of Chia seeds (Salvia hispanica L.)
Authors: Kačmárová Kvetoslava , Lavová Blažena , Socha Peter , Urminská Dana 
Published: January 2016

Chia seed (Salvia hispanica L.) is an annual herbaceous plant categorized under Lamiaceae family. Chia seeds were investigated as a source of proteins and natural antioxidants. It is a potential alternative source of high quality protein, fats, carbohydrates, high dietary fibre, vitamins and mineral elements. The objective of this study was to evaluate chia seed from protein content and antioxidant acivity and highlight the quality of this pseudocereal. A crude protein, moisture content, content of protein fractions, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and superoxide dismutase activity of chia seeds and food products containing chia seeds were determined. The protein content of chia seeds ranged from 2.9% to 4.6% dry matter from that albumins and globulins ranged from 54.6% to 62.8%. Chia is poor in a prolamines (<15%). Various chia seeds showed differences in their SOD activity and exhibited the high antiradical activity against 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS). The highest antioxidant capacity was found in sample chia seeds from Bolivia (1.46 mM TEAC.g-1 in the dry matter) and the lowest values of antioxidant activity was estimated in sample chia seeds from Argentina (1.05 mM TEAC.g-1 in the dry matter). The highest SOD activity was determined in sample chia from Argentina (2191.8 U.g-1 in the dry matter). The lowest SOD activity was found in sample chia-bio from Argentina (754.0 U.g-1 in the dry matter.). It makes them potentially suitable for use in the gluten-free diet of coeliac people and it can be used as a potential ingredient in health food because of its high antioxidant activity.
Terahertz transmission through rings of quantum dots-nanogap
Authors: Tripathi Laxmi-Narayan , Bahk Young-Mi , Choi Geunchang , Han Sanghoon , Park Namkyoo , Kim Dai-Sik 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
We report resonant funneling of terahertz (THz) waves through (9 ± 1) nm wide quantum dots-nanogap of cadmium selenide quantum dots silver nanogap metamaterials. We observed a giant THz intensity enhancement (∼104) through the quantum dots-nanogap at the resonant frequency. We, further report the experimentally measured effective mode indices for these metamaterials. A finite difference time domain simulation of the nanogap enabled by the quantum dots supports the experimentally measured THz intensity enhancement across the nanogap. We propose that these low effective mode index terahertz resonators will be useful as bio/chemical sensors, gain-enhanced antennas, and wave guides.
Write-once memory effects observed in Ga-doped ZnO/organic semiconductor/MoO3/Au structures
Authors: Hasegawa Junya , Nagase Takashi , Kobayashi Takashi , Naito Hiroyoshi 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Electrical switching phenomena in a device configuration of inverted organic light-emitting diodes have been observed. The device structure was Ga-doped ZnO (GZO)/N,N′-dicarbazolyl-3,5-benzene (m-CP)/MoO3 (10 nm)/Au (50 nm) fabricated by solution coating. The devices are write-once-read-many-times (WORM) memory devices with low switching voltage (<3 V) and long retention time (>700 h). Equivalent circuits in OFF and ON states are determined from the Cole–Cole plots measured by impedance spectroscopy. The switching phenomena and nonvolatile memory behavior are attributable to the formation conductive Au filaments in the m-CP layer of the ON state.
Simulation of spectral properties of bundlelike gold nanorods
Authors: Ozaki Ryotaro , Nagao Yoshiki , Kadowaki Kazunori , Kuwahara Yutaka 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Metal nanoparticles have become increasingly important in fields such as electronics, photonics, and biotechnology. In particular, anisotropic gold nanoparticles, such as gold nanorods, exhibit unique properties owing to their anisotropy. Optical properties of isolated gold nanorods and dimers of gold nanorods have been investigated from both experimental and theoretical points of view. We have reported a method for three-dimensional assembly of anisotropic gold nanoparticles by two-phase transfer in which the morphologies of the assemblies can be controlled by the aspect ratio of nanorods. In this study, we numerically calculate extinction spectra to investigate the plasmonic properties of bundlelike assemblies by the finite-element method. Their plasmonic properties depend on not only the three orthogonal directions but also the alignment of the nanorod assembly.
Erosion rate study at the Allchar deposit (Macedonia) based on radioactive and stable cosmogenic nuclides (26Al, 36Cl, 3He, and 21Ne)
Authors: Pavićević M. K. , Cvetković V. , Niedermann S. , Pejović V. , Amthauer G. , Boev B. , Bosch F. , Aničin I. , Henning W. F. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis paper focuses on constraining the erosion rate in the area of the Allchar Sb‐As‐Tl‐Au deposit (Macedonia). It contains the largest known reserves of lorandite (TlAsS2), which is essential for the LORanditeEXperiment (LOREX), aimed at determining the long‐term solar neutrino flux. Because the erosion history of the Allchar area is crucial for the success of LOREX, we applied terrestrial in situ cosmogenic nuclides including both radioactive (26Al and 36Cl) and stable (3He and 21Ne) nuclides in quartz, dolomite/calcite, sanidine, and diopside. The obtained results suggest that there is accordance in the values obtained by applying 26Al, 36Cl, and 21Ne for around 85% of the entire sample collection, with resulting erosion rates varying from several tens of m/Ma to ∼165 m/Ma. The samples from four locations (L‐8 CD, L1b/R, L1c/R, and L‐4/ADR) give erosion rates between 300 and 400 m/Ma. Although these localities reveal remarkably higher values, which may be explained by burial events that occurred in part of Allchar, the erosion rate estimates mostly in the range between 50 and 100 m/Ma. This range further enables us to estimate the vertical erosion rate values for the two main ore bodies Crven Dol and Centralni Deo. We also estimate that the lower and upper limits of average paleo‐depths for the ore body Centralni Deo from 4.3 Ma to the present are 250–290 and 750–790 m, respectively, whereas the upper limit of paleo‐depth for the ore body Crven Dol over the same geological age is 860 m. The estimated paleo‐depth values allow estimating the relative contributions of 205Pb derived from pp‐neutrino and fast cosmic‐ray muons, respectively, which is an important prerequisite for the LOREX experiment.
Paleo‐methane emissions recorded in foraminifera near the landward limit of the gas hydrate stability zone offshore western Svalbard
Authors: Panieri Giuliana , Graves Carolyn A. , James Rachael H. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWe present stable isotope and geochemical data from four sediment cores from west of Prins Karls Forland (ca. 340 m water depth), offshore western Svalbard, recovered from close to sites of active methane seepage, as well as from shallower water depths where methane seepage is not presently observed. Our analyses provide insight into the record of methane seepage in an area where ongoing ocean warming may be fueling the destabilization of shallow methane hydrate. The δ13C values of benthic and planktonic foraminifera at the methane seep sites show distinct intervals with negative values (as low as −27.8‰) that do not coincide with the present‐day depth of the sulfate methane transition zone (SMTZ). These intervals are interpreted to record long‐term fluctuations in methane release at the present‐day landward limit of the gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ). Shifts in the radiocarbon ages obtained from planktonic foraminifera toward older values are related to methane‐derived authigenic carbonate overgrowths of the foraminiferal tests, and prevent us from establishing the chronology of seepage events. At shallower water depths, where seepage is not presently observed, no record of past methane seepage is recorded in foraminifera from sediments spanning the last 14 ka cal BP (14C‐AMS dating). δ13C values of foraminiferal carbonate tests appear to be much more sensitive to methane seepage than other sediment parameters. By providing nucleation sites for authigenic carbonate precipitation, foraminifera thus record the position of even a transiently stable SMTZ, which is likely to be a characteristic of temporally variable methane fluxes.
Dynamical downscaling of historical climate over CORDEX East Asia domain: A comparison of regional ocean‐atmosphere coupled model to stand‐alone RCM simulations
Authors: Zou Liwei , Zhou Tianjun , Peng Dongdong 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe FROALS (flexible regional ocean‐atmosphere‐land system) model, a regional ocean‐atmosphere coupled model, has been applied to the Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) East Asia domain. Driven by historical simulations from a global climate system model, dynamical downscaling for the period from 1980 to 2005 has been conducted at a uniform horizontal resolution of 50 km. The impacts of regional air‐sea couplings on the simulations of East Asian summer monsoon rainfall have been investigated, and comparisons have been made to corresponding simulations performed using a stand‐alone regional climate model (RCM). The added value of the FROALS model with respect to the driving global climate model was evident in terms of both climatology and the interannual variability of summer rainfall over East China by the contributions of both the high horizontal resolution and the reasonably simulated convergence of the moisture fluxes. Compared with the stand‐alone RCM simulations, the spatial pattern of the simulated low‐level monsoon flow over East Asia and the western North Pacific was improved in the FROALS model due to its inclusion of regional air‐sea coupling. The results indicated that the simulated sea surface temperature (SSTs) resulting from the regional air‐sea coupling were lower than those derived directly from the driving global model over the western North Pacific north of 15°N. These colder SSTs had both positive and negative effects. On the one hand, they strengthened the western Pacific subtropical high, which improved the simulation of the summer monsoon circulation over East Asia. On the other hand, the colder SSTs suppressed surface evaporation and favored weaker local interannual variability in the SST, which led to less summer rainfall and weaker interannual rainfall variability over the Korean Peninsula and Japan. Overall, the reference simulation performed using the FROALS model is reasonable in terms of rainfall over the land area of East Asia and will become the basis for the generation of climate change scenarios for the CORDEX East Asia domain that will be described in future reports.
Chemical composition, sources, and aging process of submicron aerosols in Beijing: Contrast between summer and winter
Authors: Hu Weiwei , Hu Min , Hu Wei , Jimenez Jose L. , Yuan Bin , Chen Wentai , Wang Ming , Wu Yusheng , Chen Chen , Wang Zhibin , Peng Jianfei , Zeng Limin , Shao Min 
Published: January 2016

AbstractTo investigate the seasonal characteristics of submicron aerosol (PM1) in Beijing urban areas, a high‐resolution time‐of‐flight aerosol‐mass‐spectrometer (HR‐ToF‐AMS) was utilized at an urban site in summer (August to September 2011) and winter (November to December 2010), coupled with multiple state of the art online instruments. The average mass concentrations of PM1 (60–84 µg m−3) and its chemical compositions in different campaigns of Beijing were relatively consistent in recent years. In summer, the daily variations of PM1 mass concentrations were stable and repeatable. Eighty‐two percent of the PM1 mass concentration on average was composed of secondary species, where 62% is secondary inorganic aerosol and 20% secondary organic aerosol (SOA). In winter, PM1 mass concentrations changed dramatically because of the different meteorological conditions. The high average fraction (58%) of primary species in PM1 including primary organic aerosol (POA), black carbon, and chloride indicates primary emissions usually played a more important role in the winter. However, aqueous chemistry resulting in efficient secondary formation during occasional periods with high relative humidity may also contribute substantially to haze in winter. Results of past OA source apportionment studies in Beijing show 45–67% of OA in summer and 22–50% of OA in winter can be composed of SOA. Based on the source apportionment results, we found 45% POA in winter and 61% POA in summer are from nonfossil sources, contributed by cooking OA in both seasons and biomass burning OA (BBOA) in winter. Cooking OA, accounting for 13–24% of OA, is an important nonfossil carbon source in all years of Beijing and should not be neglected. The fossil sources of POA include hydrocarbon‐like OA from vehicle emissions in both seasons and coal combustion OA (CCOA) in winter. The CCOA and BBOA were the two main contributors (57% of OA) for the highest OA concentrations (>100 µg m−3) in winter. The POA/ΔCO ratios in winter and summer are 11 and 16 µg m−3 ppm−1, respectively, similar to ratios from western cities. Higher OOA/Ox (= NO2 + O3) ratio (0.49 µg m−3 ppb−1) in winter study than these ratios from western cities (0.03–0.16 µg m−3 ppb−1) was observed, which may be due to the aqueous reaction or extra SOA formation contributed by semivolatile organic compounds from various primary sources (e.g., BBOA or CCOA) in Beijing. The evolution of oxygen to carbon ratio (O/C) with photochemical age allows to estimate an equivalent rate constant for chemical aging of OA in summer as kOH ~ 4.1 × 10−12 cm3 molecule−1 s−1, which is of the same order as obtained in other anthropogenic influenced areas and may be useful for OA modeling.
An assessment of the Polar Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model representation of near‐surface meteorological variables over West Antarctica
Authors: Deb Pranab , Orr Andrew , Hosking J. Scott , Phillips Tony , Turner John , Bannister Daniel , Pope James O. , Colwell Steve 
Published: January 2016

AbstractDespite the recent significant climatic changes observed over West Antarctica, which include large warming in central West Antarctica and accelerated ice loss, adequate validation of regional simulations of meteorological variables are rare for this region. To address this gap, results from a recent version of the Polar Weather Research and Forecasting model (Polar WRF) covering West Antarctica at a high horizontal resolution of 5 km were validated against near‐surface meteorological observations. The model employed physics options that included the Mellor‐Yamada‐Nakanishi‐Niino boundary layer scheme, the WRF Single Moment 5‐Class cloud microphysics scheme, the new version of the rapid radiative transfer model for both shortwave and longwave radiation, and the Noah land surface model. Our evaluation finds this model to be a useful tool for realistically capturing the near‐surface meteorological conditions. It showed high skill in simulating surface pressure (correlation ≥0.97), good skill for wind speed with better correlation at inland sites (0.7–0.8) compared to coastal sites (0.3–0.6), generally good representation of strong wind events, and good skill for temperature in winter (correlation ≥0.8). The main shortcomings of this configuration of Polar WRF are an occasional failure to properly represent transient cyclones and their influence on coastal winds, an amplified diurnal temperature cycle in summer, and a general tendency to underestimate the wind speed at inland sites in summer. Additional sensitivity studies were performed to quantify the impact of the choice of boundary layer scheme and surface boundary conditions. It is shown that the model is most sensitive to the choice of boundary layer scheme, with the representation of the temperature diurnal cycle in summer significantly improved by selecting the Mellor‐Yamada‐Janjic boundary layer scheme. By contrast, the model results showed little sensitivity to whether the horizontal resolution was 5 or 15 km.