bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chinese women health ambassadors programme: A process evaluation
Authors: Wong Janet Yuen Ha , Chan Maggie Mee Kie , Lok Kris Yuet Wan , Ngai Vivian Fei Wan , Pang Michelle Tsz Ha , Chan Claudia Kor Yee , Yau Jessie Ho Yin , Choi Edmond Pui Hang , Fong Shirley Siu Ming 
Published: November 2016

Aims and objectivesThe aim of this study was to assess a community‐women health ambassadors programme and report the areas that were successful and those that required improvement. The objectives were to assess the feasibility, effectiveness, implementation and sustainability of the programme.BackgroundHealth promotion for the prevention of chronic diseases has always been the top priority in the health sector. To ensure that the relevant health messages are well received in local communities, a health promotion programme must be accessible, acceptable and culturally relevant.DesignWe conducted and evaluated a women health ambassador programme based on the lay health advisor model for health promotion in Hong Kong during November 2014 to February 2015. Health needs and the subsequent focus of the programme were determined by underprivileged Chinese women.MethodsUniversity health educators from different disciplines trained the women (N = 80) to be health ambassadors through mini‐lectures and training workshops. The trained women raised awareness about the importance of health within their families and social networks. The programme was evaluated through attendance rates, questionnaires and quizzes, changes in knowledge and behaviour, as well as qualitative discussion.ResultsWhile the majority of participants found the programme valuable and useful, retention rates were unideal. A statistically significant improvement was found in eating habits, but no significant change was identified for other knowledge and behaviour assessments.ConclusionsThe programme empowered underprivileged women to reflect on the importance of health, take responsibility for their own health and actively promote health to their families and personal communities.Relevance to clinical practiceOur study supports that health promotion programmes based on the lay health advisor model are effective and encourage large‐scale programmes of this nature. Our results also support that future health promotion efforts should deliver brief, clear and simple content as opposed to intricate information.
Pain assessment and management in paediatric oncology: a cross‐sectional audit
Authors: Plummer Karin , McCarthy Maria , McKenzie Ian , Newall Fiona , Manias Elizabeth 
Published: November 2016

Aims and objectivesTo describe the pain assessment and management practices documented by health professionals within a tertiary‐level Children's Cancer Centre and to evaluate how these practices were compared with international recommendations.BackgroundChildren with cancer are vulnerable to pain due to the intensity of antineoplastic therapy. Therefore, it is imperative to ensure that current pain management practices provided to paediatric oncology inpatients are of a high quality.DesignA single‐site cross‐sectional audit.MethodsA 24‐hour period of documented pain‐related care in randomly selected inpatients of an Australian tertiary‐level Children's Cancer Centre was examined. The current pain management practices were audited over a two‐month period resulting in 258 episodes of pain‐related care being reviewed.ResultsPain related to medical treatment for cancer was common (n = 146/258, 57%) and persistent. The presence of pain was not consistently recorded by health professionals (n = 75/146, 51%). Pain was mild (n = 26/75, 35%) and opioids were the mainstay of pain management interventions (n = 63/112, 56%). Adjuvants were an important component of pain management (n = 47/112, 42%), and nonpharmacological methods of managing pain were under‐represented in this audit (n = 38/146, 26%). According to the Pain Management Index, pain was appropriately managed for the majority of children (n = 65/76, 87%).ConclusionsPain management practices did not fully reflect the recommendations of contemporary paediatric pain management. Due to limitations in the documentation of children's pain, it was difficult to determine the effectiveness of pain management interventions.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study highlights the ongoing problem of pain for children receiving antineoplastic therapy. It is recommended that health professionals routinely screen for the presence of pain during hospitalisation and assess the efficacy of pain‐related care.
Signs of Change? At‐Home and Breadwinner Parents' Housework and Child‐Care Time
Authors: Chesley Noelle , Flood Sarah 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe authors analyze American Time Use Survey data to examine patterns in domestic work among at‐home and breadwinner parents to gauge how time availability, relative earnings, and gender shape time use in couples with extreme differences in earnings and work hours. They find that involvement in female‐typed housework is an important driver of overall housework time. It is counternormative housework behavior by at‐home fathers that shapes conclusions about how time availability, relative resources, and gender influence parents' housework. Although time availability appears to shape child care in comparable ways across parents, mothers are more engaged in child care than similarly situated fathers. Overall, comparisons point to the importance of distinguishing among gender‐normative housework tasks and accounting for differences in engagement on work and nonwork days. The results provide a basis for assessing the social significance of growing numbers of parents in work–family roles that are not gender normative.
Testing for Asymmetric Information in Insurance Markets: A Multivariate Ordered Regression Approach
Authors: Dardanoni Valentino , Forcina Antonio , Donni Paolo Li 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe positive correlation (PC) test is the standard procedure used in the empirical literature to detect the existence of asymmetric information in insurance markets. This article describes a new tool to implement an extension of the PC test based on a new family of regression models, the multivariate ordered logit, designed to study how the joint distribution of two or more ordered response variables depends on exogenous covariates. We present an application of our proposed extension of the PC test to the Medigap health insurance market in the United States. Results reveal that the risk–coverage association is not homogeneous across coverage and risk categories, and depends on individual socioeconomic and risk preference characteristics.
Egg production performance, egg yolk antioxidant profile and excreta concentration of corticosterone in golden pheasants (Chrysolophus pictus) fed diets containing different levels of green vegetables
Authors: Kullu S. S. , Das A. , Bajpai S. K. , Garg A. K. , Yogi R. K. , Saini M. , Sharma A. K. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryIn order to study the effect of feeding graded levels of green vegetables on egg production performance and egg yolk antioxidant status, 27 female golden pheasants (GP) were randomly distributed into three groups of nine each in an experiment based on completely randomized design. The diets of the birds in groups T1, T2 and T3 contained 1.4%, 2.7% and 5.0% of green vegetables respectively. Feeding of experimental diets started on 12th February (day 1) and was continued till 30 June 2012. Average number of eggs laid and egg mass produced by the hens in group T3 was higher (p < 0.004) than those of T1 and T2. Hen day egg production was lowest (p < 0.001) in group T1. Roche yolk colour score was highest (p < 0.01) in T3 followed by T2 and was lowest in T1. Other external and internal egg quality parameters were similar among the groups. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of egg yolk was higher (p < 0.04) in group T3 as compared to other two groups. Egg yolk concentration of total carotenoids, β‐carotene, total sulfhydryl, protein‐bound sulfhydryl and non‐protein‐bound sulfhydryl was higher (p < 0.05), whereas concentration of malondialdehyde was lower (p < 0.024) in group T3 as compared to other two groups. Excreta concentration of corticosterone was highest (p < 0.012) in T1, followed by T2, and was lowest in T3. Egg yolk concentration of TAC and TSH was positively and that of malondialdehyde was negatively correlated with carotenoids intake. Excreta concentration of corticosterone was negatively correlated with carotenoids intake. It was concluded that incorporation of green vegetables in the diet at 5% on dry matter basis would improve egg production, egg yolk antioxidant status and the ability of the captive GP to combat stress.
Understanding Zika virus
Authors: Murray John S. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPurposeThis article describes what pediatric healthcare professionals should know about Zika virus (ZIKV).Literature ReviewZIKV is classified as an arthropod‐borne, single‐stranded RNA virus of the Flaviviridae family and genus Flavivirus. ZIKV is not new. The virus was first discovered almost 70 years ago in Uganda. The first isolate of the virus was found in rhesus monkeys in the Zika Forrest, hence the nomenclature. The primary route of ZIKV transmission to humans is through the bite of an infected Aedes species mosquito—primarily Aedes aegypti. When the mosquito bites individuals infected with the virus, mosquitos then become the vector of transmitting the infection to others. Women can also pass ZIKV to their fetus during pregnancy and at the time of delivery. ZIKV can also be transmitted through sexual activity from an individual who is infected with the virus to his or her partners. It is estimated that approximately 18% of individuals infected with ZIKV will go on to develop symptoms. When symptoms develop, it is usually within 3–12 days, although this may vary. Most often, symptoms are mild and self‐limited. The most common symptoms are fever, arthralgia, maculopapular rash, and conjunctivitis lasting up to seven days. Less frequent symptoms include headache, vertigo, myalgia, vomiting, and diarrhea. At present, there is no vaccine available to prevent ZIKV and no specific antiviral treatment. Supportive care consisting of rest, hydration, analgesics, antihistamines, and antipyretics is recommended as needed. Given that there is no vaccine or treatment for ZIKV, considerable efforts must be focused on prevention. One of the most effective ways of preventing ZIKV infection is through avoiding mosquito bites, especially when traveling to or residing in areas where transmission is present. Precautions should include wearing appropriate attire with the objective of having as little skin exposed as possible, use of screens for windows and doors, and use of insect repellent.Practice ImplicationsWhat is known about ZIKV changes continually. An infectious threat that was relatively obscure just a few months ago has now become a topic of heightened interest worldwide. Pediatric healthcare professionals must remain cognizant of evolving developments and emerging new evidence.
Robust Optimal Lane Allocation for Isolated Intersections
Authors: Yu Chunhui , Ma Wanjing , Lo Hong K. , Yang Xiaoguang 
Published: November 2016

AbstractLane allocation including approach and exit lane numbers and lane markings of approach lanes plays an important role in improving the capacity of an intersection. Conventional approaches for optimizing lane allocation often ignore fluctuations in traffic demand (TD). This article presents a stochastic model for robust optimal lane allocation of an isolated intersection under stochastic traffic conditions. This model is built in three steps. In the first step, an enhanced lane‐based model in the form of a binary mixed‐integer nonlinear program is proposed to optimize lane allocation and traffic signals for both vehicles and pedestrians in a unified framework under deterministic traffic conditions. In the second step, a two‐level stochastic model is developed to obtain a robust lane allocation that is less sensitive to traffic flow fluctuations considering the flexibility of traffic signals. In the third step, the two‐level model is further transformed into a TD‐based stochastic model in a two‐phase form to reduce the solution dimension for efficient computation. A TD‐based genetic algorithm procedure is presented for solvability. Numerical studies are conducted to validate the model formulations and solution algorithms.
Wavelet Filter Design for Pavement Roughness Analysis
Authors: Alhasan Ahmad , White David J. , De Brabanter Kris 
Published: November 2016

AbstractControl and characterization of pavement roughness is a major quality assurance requirement. With emerging technologies in real‐time monitoring and increasingly stringent requirements to minimize localized roughness features, there is an opportunity to improve upon the traditional quarter‐car (QC) algorithm used to qualify roughness. Current methods suffer from phase lag that mislocates roughness features and require relatively long profiles to achieve high accuracy. In this study, continuous and discrete wavelet bases were modified in the frequency domain to design 116 new QC‐wavelet filters in the spatial domain that were used to analyze 30 road profiles. QC‐wavelet filters were compared to the currently used finite difference algorithm and filtering in the frequency domain. QC‐wavelet filters design based on a Daubechies and nonanalytic Morlet (i.e., db21 and morl0) wavelets outperformed the other filters and algorithms in terms of characterizing overall profiles and accurately quantifying localized features. The major advantages of the new approach include accurately estimating the position and severity of localized feature, and accurately analyzing short profile segments (i.e., <7.62 m).
Frontiers for research on the ecology of plant‐pathogenic bacteria: fundamentals for sustainability
Authors: Morris Cindy E. , Barny Marie‐Anne , Berge Odile , Kinkel Linda L. , Lacroix Christelle 
Published: November 2016

SummaryMethods to ensure the health of crops owe their efficacy to the extent to which we understand the ecology and biology of environmental microorganisms and the conditions under which their interactions with plants lead to losses in crop quality or yield. However, in the pursuit of this knowledge, notions of the ecology of plant‐pathogenic microorganisms have been reduced to a plant‐centric and agro‐centric focus. With increasing global change, i.e. changes that encompass not only climate, but also biodiversity, the geographical distribution of biomes, human demographic and socio‐economic adaptations and land use, new plant health problems will emerge via a range of processes influenced by these changes. Hence, knowledge of the ecology of plant pathogens will play an increasingly important role in the anticipation and response to disease emergence. Here, we present our opinion on the major challenges facing the study of the ecology of plant‐pathogenic bacteria. We argue that the discovery of markedly novel insights into the ecology of plant‐pathogenic bacteria is most likely to happen within a framework of more extensive scales of space, time and biotic interactions than those that currently guide much of the research on these bacteria. This will set a context that is more propitious for the discovery of unsuspected drivers of the survival and diversification of plant‐pathogenic bacteria and of the factors most critical for disease emergence, and will set the foundation for new approaches to the sustainable management of plant health. We describe the contextual background of, justification for and specific research questions with regard to the following challenges:

Development of terminology to describe plant–bacterial relationships in terms of bacterial fitness.
Definition of the full scope of the environments in which plant‐pathogenic bacteria reside or survive.
Delineation of pertinent phylogenetic contours of plant‐pathogenic bacteria and naming of strains independent of their presumed life style.
Assessment of how traits of plant‐pathogenic bacteria evolve within the overall framework of their life history.
Exploration of possible beneficial ecosystem services contributed to by plant‐pathogenic bacteria.
Assessment of the anti‐feeding and insecticidal effects of the combination of dinotefuran, permethrin and pyriproxyfen (Vectra®3D) againstTriatoma infestanson rats
Authors: TAHIR D. , DAVOUST B. , VARLOUD M. , BERENGER J.‐M. , RAOULT D. , ALMERAS L. , PAROLA P. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis study, based on the rat model, was designed to explore the anti‐feeding and insecticidal efficacy of a topical ectoparasiticide, dinotefuran–permethrin–pyriproxyfen (DPP), againstTriatoma infestans(Hemiptera:Reduviidae), a vector ofTrypanosoma cruzi(Trypanosomatida:Trypanosomatidae), for which dogs are domestic reservoir hosts. Twenty rats were divided into two equal groups: untreated and treated. Each rat was exposed under sedation to 16T. infestansof mixed life stages for 1 h on days 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 post‐treatment. The anti‐feeding and insecticidal effects ofDPPwere estimated after 1 h of exposure. Insecticidal efficacy was also assessed after incubation of the insects for 24 h post‐exposure. Anti‐feeding efficacy was 96.7, 84.7, 80.5, 81.5 and 42.6% on days 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28, respectively. Insecticidal efficacy evaluated at 1 and 24 h after exposure on days 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 was 100, 91.2, 82.5, 80.0 and 29.1, and 100, 100, 100, 96.0 and 49.9%, respectively. This study demonstrates that a single administration ofDPPspot‐on treatment at a dose equivalent to the minimal recommended dose in rats has a powerful effect againstT. infestansstarting from day 1 that lasts for at least 3 weeks.
Variances in family carers' quality of life based on selected relationship and caregiving indicators: A quantitative secondary analysis
Authors: Naef Rahel , Hediger Hannele , Imhof Lorenz , Mahrer‐Imhof Romy 
Published: November 2016

Aims and objectivesTo determine subgroups of family carers based on family relational and caregiving variables and to explore group differences in relation to selected carer outcomes.BackgroundFamily caregiving in later life holds a myriad of positive and negative outcomes for family members' well‐being. However, factors that constitute family carers' experience and explain variances are less well understood.DesignA secondary data analysis using cross‐sectional data from a controlled randomised trial with community‐dwelling people 80 years or older and their families.MethodsA total of 277 paired data sets of older persons and their family carers were included into the analysis. Data were collected via mailed questionnaires and a geriatric nursing assessment. A two‐step cluster analysis was performed to determine subgroups. To discern group differences, appropriate tests for differences with Bonferroni correction were used.ResultsTwo family carer groups were identified. The low‐intensity caregiver group (57% of carers) reported high relationship quality and self‐perceived ease of caregiving. In contrast, the high‐intensity caregiver group (43% of carers) experienced significantly lower relationship quality, felt less prepared and appraised caregiving as more difficult, time intensive and burdensome. The latter cared for older, frailer and more dependent octogenarians and had significantly lower levels of quality of life and self‐perceived health compared to the low‐intensity caregiver group.ConclusionsA combination of family relational and caregiving variables differentiates those at risk for adverse outcomes. Family carers of frailer older people tend to experience higher strain, lower relationship quality and ability to work together as a family.Implications for practiceNurses should explicitly assess family carer needs, in particular when older persons are frail. Family carer support interventions should address caregiving preparedness, demand and burden, as well as concerns situated in the relationship.
Are supervisors and coworkers likely to witness employee counterproductive work behavior? An investigation of observability and self–observer convergence
Authors: Carpenter Nichelle C. , Rangel Bertha , Jeon Gahyun , Cottrell Jonathan 
Published: November 2016

AbstractSupervisor and coworker ratings (i.e., “observer ratings”) remain a common manner of measuring counterproductive work behavior (CWB) despite long‐standing doubts that observers have the opportunity to witness the work behaviors they are expected to rate. We conducted 2 studies that evaluated the observability of CWB items and consequences of observability. First, we show that many CWBs are unlikely to be witnessed by supervisors or coworkers—specifically, behaviors such as “spends too much time fantasizing or daydreaming instead of working” and “discussed confidential company information with an unauthorized person” were found to be lowest in observability, whereas “cursed at someone at work” or “acted rudely toward someone at work” were relatively higher in observability (though observability was generally low). Second, a meta‐analysis revealed variability in item‐level relationships (correlations and mean differences) between self‐ratings and observer ratings for specific CWB scale items (i.e., items from Bennett & Robinson, 2,000). Important, this variability was partially explained by observability—behaviors with low self–observer convergence tend to have low levels of observability, whereas behaviors with higher levels of convergence tend to have higher levels of observability. This study demonstrates that supervisor and coworker ratings of CWB may be susceptible to an observability bias resulting from rating behaviors they have not likely witnessed.
Shared and unique prototype features of relationship quality concepts
Authors: KITO MIE 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPrevious research on relationship quality concepts suggests they are not as distinct as expected. What aspects are similar and distinct across these concepts? Using a prototype approach, this research identified the commonalities and uniqueness of 7 relationship quality concepts: commitment, intimacy, love, passion, satisfaction, trust, and relationship quality. The results indicated that (a) 4 features were shared across all 7 concepts, and some were exclusive to each concept, and (b) shared features were rated as more important for romantic relationship functioning than unique features both explicitly and implicitly. This research provides a framework to understand overarching and distinct aspects of relationship quality concepts and how this is reflected in people's evaluation of what is important in romantic relationships.
Research gaps in the philosophy of evidence‐based medicine
Authors: Mebius Alexander , Kennedy Ashley Graham , Howick Jeremy 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIncreasing philosophical attention is being directed to the rapidly growing discipline of evidence‐based medicine (EBM). Philosophical discussions of EBM, however, remain narrowly focused on randomization, mechanisms, and the sociology of EBM. Other aspects of EBM have been all but ignored, including (a) the nature of clinical reasoning and the question of whether it can be standardized; (b) the application of EBM principles to the logic, value, and ethics of diagnosis and prognosis; (c) evidence synthesis (systematic reviews and meta‐analyses); and (d) the nature and ethics of placebo controls. Philosophical analysis in each of these areas has the potential to enhance the discussion of EBM methodology and practice.