bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatially Resolved and Quantitative Analysis of VISTA/PD-1H as a Novel Immunotherapy Target in Human Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Villarroel-Espindola Franz , Yu Xiaoqing , Datar Ila , Mani Nikita , Sanmamed Miguel , Velcheti Vamsidhar , Syrigos Konstantinos , Toki Maria , Zhao Hongyu , Chen Lieping , Herbst Roy S. , Schalper Kurt A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Purpose: Determine the localized expression pattern and clinical significance of VISTA/PD-1H in human non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Experimental Design: Using multiplex quantitative immunofluorescence (QIF), we performed localized measurements of VISTA, PD-1, and PD-L1 protein in 758 stage I–IV NSCLCs from 3 independent cohorts represented in tissue microarray format. The targets were selectively measured in cytokeratin+ tumor epithelial cells, CD3+ T cells, CD4+ T-helper cells, CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, CD20+ B lymphocytes and CD68+ tumor-associated macrophages. We determined the association between the targets, clinicopathological/molecular variables and survival. Genomic analyses of lung cancer cases from TCGA were also performed.
Results: VISTA protein was detected in 99% of NSCLCs with a predominant membranous/cytoplasmic staining pattern. Expression in tumor and stromal cells was seen in 21% and 98% of cases, respectively. The levels of VISTA were positively associated with PD-L1, PD-1, CD8+ T cells and CD68+ macrophages. VISTA expression was higher in T-lymphocytes than in macrophages; and in cytotoxic T cells than in T-helper cells. Elevated VISTA was associated with absence of EGFR mutations and lower mutational burden in lung adenocarcinomas. Presence of VISTA in tumor compartment predicted longer 5-year survival.
Conclusions: VISTA is frequently expressed in human NSCLC and shows association with increased tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, PD-1 axis markers, specific genomic alterations and outcome. These results support the immunomodulatory role of VISTA in human NSCLC and suggests its potential as therapeutic target. Clin Cancer Res; 24(7); 1562–73. ©2017 AACR.
Path toward Precision Oncology: Review of Targeted Therapy Studies and Tools to Aid in Defining “Actionability” of a Molecular Lesion and Patient Management Support
Authors: Chae Young Kwang , Pan Alan P. , Davis Andrew A. , Patel Sandip P. , Carneiro Benedito A. , Kurzrock Razelle , Giles Francis J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Precision medicine trials and targeted therapies have shifted to the forefront of oncology. Although targeted therapies have shown initial promise, implementation across the broad landscape of oncology has many challenges. These limitations include an incomplete understanding of the functional significance of variant alleles as well as the need for clinical research and practice models that are more patient-centered and account for the complexity of individual patient tumors. Furthermore, successful implementation of targeted therapies will also be predicated on efforts to standardize the framework for patient management support. Here, we review current implementations of targeted therapies in precision oncology and discuss how “actionability” is defined for molecular targets in cancer therapeutics. We also comment on the growing need for bioinformatics tools and data platforms to complement advances in precision oncology. Finally, we discuss current frameworks for integrating precision oncology into patient management and propose an integrated model that combines features of molecular tumor boards and decision support systems. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(12); 2645–55. ©2017 AACR.
See related article by Pilié et al., p. 2641
Antihyperglycemic Agents Are Inversely Associated With Intracranial Aneurysm Rupture
Authors: Can Anil , Castro Victor M. , Yu Sheng , Dligach Dmitriy , Finan Sean , Gainer Vivian S. , Shadick Nancy A. , Savova Guergana , Murphy Shawn , Cai Tianxi , Weiss Scott T. , Du Rose 
Published: December 2017

Background and Purpose—
Previous studies have suggested a protective effect of diabetes mellitus on aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage risk. However, reports are inconsistent, and objective measures of hyperglycemia in these studies are lacking. Our aim was to investigate the association between aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and antihyperglycemic agent use and glycated hemoglobin levels.

Methods—
The medical records of 4701 patients with 6411 intracranial aneurysms, including 1201 prospective patients, diagnosed at the Massachusetts General Hospital and Brigham and Women’s Hospital between 1990 and 2016 were reviewed and analyzed. Patients were separated into ruptured and nonruptured groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the association between aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and antihyperglycemic agents and glycated hemoglobin levels. Propensity score weighting was used to account for selection bias.

Results—
In both unweighted and weighted multivariate analysis, antihyperglycemic agent use was inversely and significantly associated with ruptured aneurysms (unweighted odds ratio, 0.58; 95% confidence interval, 0.39–0.87; weighted odds ratio, 0.57; 95% confidence interval, 0.34–0.96). In contrast, glycated hemoglobin levels were not significantly associated with rupture status.

Conclusions—
Antihyperglycemic agent use rather than hyperglycemia is associated with decreased risk of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, suggesting a possible protective effect of glucose-lowering agents in the pathogenesis of aneurysm rupture.
Cerebral Venous Thrombosis in Older Patients
Authors: Zuurbier Susanna M. , Hiltunen Sini , Lindgren Erik , Silvis Suzanne M. , Jood Katarina , Devasagayam Sharon , Kleinig Timothy J. , Silver Frank L. , Mandell Daniel M. , Putaala Jukka , Tatlisumak Turgut , Coutinho Jonathan M. 
Published: December 2017

Background and Purpose—
Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is rare in older patients. We investigated whether clinical features and outcomes differ in older and younger patients.

Methods—
We used data from a multicenter observational registry of consecutive adult patients with CVT admitted between 1987 and 2016. We compared demographics, clinical manifestations, and outcomes between older (upper quartile of the age distribution) and younger (lower 3 quartiles of the age distribution) patients.

Results—

Data for 843 patients with CVT were available. The median age was 43 years (interquartile range, 30–55 years). Older patients (≥55 years; n=222) were less often women than younger patients (48% versus 71%;
P
<0.001) and less often reported headache (63% versus 87%;
P
<0.001). Cancer was more common in older patients (24% versus 9%;
P
<0.001), especially solid malignancies (19% versus 5%;
P
<0.001). Outcome at follow-up was worse in older patients (modified Rankin Scale, 3–6; adjusted odds ratio, 2.68; 95% confidence interval, 1.78–4.03; mortality, adjusted odds ratio, 2.13; 95% confidence interval, 1.09–4.19).

Conclusions—
The sex ratio of CVT is evenly distributed in older patients, probably because of the dissipation of hormonal influences. Malignancy should be considered as a potential precipitant in older patients with CVT.
Contrastive terminography
Authors: Łukasik Marek Wojciech 
Published: December 2017

Contrastive terminographyContrastive methods have long been employed in lexicography, in particular in bi- and multilingual dictionary projects. The main rationale for this is the necessity to comprehensively study, i.e. compare and contrast, two or more linguistic systems that are to be presented in one way or another in respective dictionaries. Similarly, the contrastive approach is of paramount importance in terminographic undertakings, on account of the need to draw a distinction between terminological (conceptual) systems existing in various languages and across cultures. It must be emphasised, however, that the contrastive element is not only a part of terminographic practice, but also of the theory of terminography. This article aims to present the role of contrastive research across various spheres of specialised (=LSP) lexicography. Terminografia kontrastywnaMetody kontrastywne stosowane są w słownikarstwie od dawna, w szczególności w odniesieniu do dwu- i wielojęzycznych projektów leksykograficznych, z uwagi na konieczność przeprowadzenia analiz porównawczych dwóch lub więcej systemów językowych, których elementy mają być w konkretny sposób przedstawione/zestawione w słowniku. Badania kontrastywne odgrywają równie ważną rolę w pracy terminograficznej, przede wszystkim ze względu na potrzebę dokonania porównania systemów terminologicznych (pojęciowych) funkcjonujących w różnych językach i kulturach. Należy podkreślić, że elementy analiz kontrastywnych nie są jedynie domeną praktyki – korzysta z nich również teoria terminografii. W artykule przedstawiono rolę badań kontrastywnych na różnych płaszczyznach działalności terminograficznej.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Mitigation Options on Heat Stress for Sydney, Australia
Authors: Ma Shaoxiu , Pitman Andy , Yang Jiachuan , Carouge Claire , Evans Jason P. , Hart Melissa , Green Donna 
Published: December 2017

AbstractGlobal warming, in combination with the urban heat island effect, is increasing the temperature in cities. These changes increase the risk of heat stress for millions of city dwellers. Given the large populations at risk, a variety of mitigation strategies have been proposed to cool cities—including strategies that aim to reduce the ambient air temperature. This paper uses common heat stress metrics to evaluate the performance of several urban heat island mitigation strategies. The authors found that cooling via reducing net radiation or increasing irrigated vegetation in parks or on green roofs did reduce ambient air temperature. However, a lower air temperature did not necessarily lead to less heat stress because both temperature and humidity are important factors in determining human thermal comfort. Specifically, cooling the surface via evaporation through the use of irrigation increased humidity—consequently, the net impact on human comfort of any cooling was negligible. This result suggests that urban cooling strategies must aim to reduce ambient air temperatures without increasing humidity, for example via the deployment of solar panels over roofs or via cool roofs utilizing high albedos, in order to combat human heat stress in the urban environment.
Thermal Anomalies Detect Critical Global Land Surface Changes
Authors: Mildrexler D. J. , Zhao M. , Cohen W. B. , Running S. W. , Song X. P. , Jones M. O. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMeasurements that link surface conditions and climate can provide critical information on important biospheric changes occurring in the Earth system. As the direct driving force of energy and water fluxes at the surface–atmosphere interface, land surface temperature (LST) provides information on physical processes of land-cover change and energy-balance changes that air temperature cannot provide. Annual maximum LST (LSTmax) is especially powerful at minimizing synoptic and seasonal variability and highlighting changes associated with extreme climatic events and significant land-cover changes. The authors investigate whether maximum thermal anomalies from satellite observations could detect heat waves and droughts, a melting cryosphere, and disturbances in the tropical forest from 2003 to 2014. The 1-km2 LSTmax anomalies peaked in 2010 when 20% of the global land area experienced anomalies of greater than 1 standard deviation and over 4% of the global land area was subject to positive anomalies exceeding 2 standard deviations. Positive LSTmax anomalies display complex spatial patterns associated with heat waves and droughts across the global land area. The findings presented herein show that entire biomes are experiencing shifts in their LSTmax distributions driven by extreme climatic events and large-scale land surface changes, such as melting of ice sheets, severe droughts, and the incremental effects of forest loss in tropical forests. As climate warming and land-cover changes continue, it is likely that Earth’s maximum surface temperatures will experience greater and more frequent directional shifts, increasing the possibility that critical thresholds in Earth’s ecosystems and climate system will be surpassed, resulting in profound and irreversible changes.
Dispersion Characteristics and Circulation Associated with Boreal Summer Westward-Traveling Mixed Rossby–Gravity Wave–Like Disturbances
Authors: Au-Yeung Andie Y. M. , Tam Chi-Yung 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
An algorithm has been developed to track synoptic-scale, westward-traveling mixed Rossby–gravity (MRG) wave–like disturbances with a cross-equatorial component. Applied to space–time-filtered meridional wind data, this algorithm finds locations with Gaussian-shaped wind structures stated in the solutions of shallow-water equations (SWEs). Based on 850-hPa meridional wind from the global National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) dataset, local and instantaneous wave properties including the occurrence time, wavenumber, intrinsic frequency, and magnitude were examined. It was found that these low-level MRG wave–like disturbances can be classified into a longer-wavelength group and a shorter-wavelength group. While most waves identified in the eastern Pacific give longer wavelengths, disturbances in the western Pacific tend to have a wider range of wavenumbers. Composite analysis revealed that east of ~140°E, low-level disturbances are characterized by cross-equatorial wind anomalies with alternating signs, thus consistent with the MRG wave solution. West of ~140°E, they appear as northeast–southwest-tilted eddies that propagate northwestward. Examination of their energetics suggests that such a tilting structure is favorable to the maintenance of these transients because of the meridional shear of background zonal wind west of ~140°E in the off-equatorial Pacific. Farther east, the confluent nature of the low-level background flow plays a dominant role in maintaining the MRG wave–like disturbances because of barotropic conversion. Finally, there is evidence of downward energy dispersion in the mid- to upper levels, suggesting that the upper-level wave activity might be important in triggering these low-level waves in the Pacific basin.
An Evaluation of Marine Boundary Layer Cloud Property Simulations in the Community Atmosphere Model Using Satellite Observations: Conventional Subgrid Parameterization versus CLUBB
Authors: Song Hua , Zhang Zhibo , Ma Po-Lun , Ghan Steven J. , Wang Minghuai 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis paper presents a satellite-observation-based evaluation of the marine boundary layer (MBL) cloud properties from two Community Atmosphere Model, version 5 (CAM5), simulations, one with the standard parameterization schemes (CAM5–Base) and the other with the Cloud Layers Unified by Binormals scheme (CAM5–CLUBB). When comparing the direct model outputs, the authors find that CAM5–CLUBB produces more MBL clouds, a smoother transition from stratocumulus to cumulus, and a tighter correlation between in-cloud water and cloud fraction than CAM5–Base. In the model-to-observation comparison using the COSP satellite simulators, the authors find that both simulations capture the main features and spatial patterns of the observed cloud fraction from MODIS and shortwave cloud radiative forcing (SWCF) from CERES. However, CAM5–CLUBB suffers more than CAM5–Base from a problem that can be best summarized as “undetectable” clouds (i.e., a significant fraction of simulated MBL clouds are thinner than the MODIS detection threshold). This issue leads to a smaller COSP–MODIS cloud fraction and a weaker SWCF in CAM5–CLUBB than the observations and also CAM5–Base in the tropical descending regions. Finally, the authors compare modeled radar reflectivity with CloudSat observations and find that both simulations, especially CAM5–CLUBB, suffer from an excessive drizzle problem. Further analysis reveals that the subgrid precipitation enhancement factors in CAM5–CLUBB are unrealistically large, which makes MBL clouds precipitate too excessively, and in turn results in too many undetectable thin clouds.
The Phenology of Wilderness Use: Backcountry Recreation in a Changing Climate
Authors: Marshall Adrienne , Butsic Van , Harte John 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPhenology studies are a critical tool for identifying the ways that changing climate affects species and ecosystems. Here, a phenological framework was used to assess the sensitivity of human behavior to temperature and hydroclimate variables that are likely to change as temperatures warm under twenty-first-century climate change. The timing of visitation to wilderness areas of the Sierra Nevada was used as a case study. Visitation timing was assessed using a backcountry permit database and data collected from weblogs or blogs. Mean, earliest, and latest visitation dates were regressed against temperature, streamflow, and snowpack variables: seasonally averaged air temperatures, snow water equivalent (SWE) in spring months, center of timing (CT), and total annual flow. Mean visitation was sensitive to CT, total annual flow, April and May SWE, and spring and summer temperatures, with visitors advancing 0.20–0.28 days for each day advance in CT and 3.7 to 5.7 days for each degree Celsius increase in summer temperatures. Visitors appear to be partially sensitive to both hydroclimate and temperature, suggesting that visitation may occur earlier as spring snow decreases, but also that because of this partial sensitivity, visitors may interact with ecosystems in a different phenological stage as the climate warms. Managers of these areas should plan for changing timing of visitation and should also consider ways that visitors interacting with different hydroclimatic and ecosystem conditions may influence management strategies.
Coaches’ and players’ perceptions of health promotion activities in sport clubs
Authors: Van Hoye Aurélie , Heuzé Jean-Philippe , Meganck Jeroen , Seghers Jan , Sarrazin Philippe 
Published: December 2017

Objectives: To better understand the role sports club coaches can play in health promotion (HP), as well as factors supporting this task, this study compared coaches’ and players’ perception of coaches’ HP activities and tested whether coaches’ basic need satisfaction predicted coaches’ HP activities mediated by self-determined motivation to coach. Design: A cross-sectional design was employed. Multivariate analyses were used to compare coaches’ and players perceptions of HP, while structural equation modelling was used to test the model. Setting: Community football clubs in the south east of France. Method: A sample of 101 coaches and 404 players from 18 soccer clubs completed a questionnaire assessing HP activities’ perceptions. Coaches also completed scales on basic need satisfaction and self-determined motivation. Results: Similar patterns were found for coaches and players’ answers, with only a few differences, especially in the Respect for Oneself and Others dimension. Moreover, basic need satisfaction predicted Respect for Oneself and Others through self-determined motivation, while self-determined motivation was related to a Healthy Lifestyle, but basic need satisfaction and self-determined motivation were not linked to Substance Use. Conclusion: Results highlight few differences between coaches’ and players’ perceptions of coaches’ HP activities. Coaches’ HP activities are sparse, but seem to be perceived by their players. Self-determined coaches were more likely to promote a Healthy Lifestyle and Respect for Oneself and Others. The lack of relationship between motivational variables and Substance Use could potentially reflect the complexity of drug and alcohol prevention in sports clubs.
Changing hearts and minds: The importance of formal education in reducing stigma associated with mental health conditions
Authors: Hampson Margaret E , Watt Bruce D , Hicks Richard E , Bode Andrew , Hampson Elizabeth J 
Published: December 2017

Background: The expansion of user-friendly mental health services for young people is an important goal of mental health reform in Australia; however, stigma and discrimination associated with mental health conditions constitute major deterrents to help-seeking among young people. Objective: This paper reports on a qualitative study conducted in South East Queensland, which explored perceptions concerning employment barriers and support needs of people living with psychosis. Method: Focus groups and interviews were conducted with 137 participants comprising community members, employers, clients, carers, employment consultants and health professionals. Results: Stigma and discrimination were identified as major employment barriers for people living with psychosis. The formal education system was seen as a key means to overcome stigma and discrimination through improved awareness and understanding of mental health problems. Conclusion: This paper highlights participants’ views on how the formal education system might be adapted to increase public awareness and understanding of psychosis and reduce community stigma and discrimination.
Cascaded R–C Networks and Phase-shift Oscillators
Authors: Heaton ALAN G. , Anderson J. H. 
Published: December 2017

This article briefly describes the salient features of the simple three section C–R phase-shift oscillator which is met quite early in electronics laboratory courses. The frequency of operation and the gain required for oscillation are shown to depend on the output impedance of the amplifier which feeds the C–R network. By using a directly coupled cathode follower, the C–R network can be driven under almost ideal conditions where the C–R network determines the frequency and gain requirement. A simple and rapid method for calculating the frequency and gain for a cascade of ‘n’ identical sections is given, in general form, along with a graph of gain and frequency/no. of sections. A three section C–R network with tapered sections is analysed from the point of view of the gain required for the limiting case of extremely steep taper. The R–C transmission line with distributed parameters is considered and the gain required for the open-circuit line type of oscillator is shown to be – coshπ. The limiting gain required for a large number of identical sections appears to approach — coshπ, but this is not proved.
Slip Measurements in Induction Machines
Authors: Charlton W. 
Published: December 2017

The particular circuitry described was chosen because the components were available. It is only one way of implementing the scheme and space and probably cost could be reduced by using solid state components where possible. As mentioned, the device does not require a direct connection to the rotating part and if a known frequency, e.g. mains, is used as the input to the reference counter, it can function as a shaft speed indicator.
Real Time Edge Detection for Vidicon Camera Derived Images
Authors: Adams A. E. 
Published: December 2017

Real time edge detection for Vidicon camera derived images This paper describes a low-cost technique for the real-time detection of image boundaries within a television picture. The technique allows easy demonstration of the effect on image information of changing threshold levels and lighting conditions, as well as greatly reducing the memory requirement for image storage. Styles of edge information transmission are discussed.
A Real-Time Network Analyzer Employing Ultrasonic Dispersive Delay Line
Authors: Lam F. K. , Leung C. K. 
Published: December 2017

A real-time network analyzer employing ultrasonic dispersive delay line A real-time network analyzer which produces a continuous display of both the amplitude and phase spectrum of a network is described. The analyzer is based on a Fourier transformer implemented with an ultrasonic dispersive delay line. Experimental results demonstrating its capability are presented.