bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cloninger's Temperament and Character Dimensions of Personality and Binge Drinking Among College Students
Authors: Gierski Fabien , Benzerouk Farid , De Wever Elodie , Duka Theodora , Kaladjian Arthur , Quaglino Véronique , Naassila Mickaël 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundTemperament and character dimensions of personality remain largely unexplored in young adults exhibiting binge drinking (BD) patterns. Moreover, the available studies do not consider gender differences and dismiss possible personality heterogeneity among binge drinkers. In this study, we aimed to compare temperament and character dimensions between young binge drinkers and age‐ and sex‐matched social drinkers. We further applied cluster analysis to investigate the potential heterogeneity of personality patterns among BD college students.MethodsThis study included 200 university students of 18 to 24 years of age, who were recruited via an invitation to take an alcohol use survey. These participants included 100 individuals (50 females and 50 males) with a BD pattern, and 100 participants (50 females and 50 males) with a social drinking (SD) pattern. These subjects were evaluated with regard to their use of alcohol and other substances, impulsiveness, sensation seeking, mood, and Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory.ResultsBetween‐group comparisons revealed that both male and female binge drinkers were characterized by high levels of novelty seeking, and low levels of persistence and self‐directedness. However, cluster analyses within the binge drinker group revealed 2 distinct groups that differed between males and females. These groups shared similarities with Cloninger's type I (high harm‐avoidance) and II (high novelty‐seeking) alcoholism typology.ConclusionsThe present findings support the subdivision of binge drinkers according to gender and personality dimensions. Male and female binge drinkers should not be considered a unitary group, but rather a population of individuals that encompasses at least 2 distinct personality patterns. These findings have major implications for prevention and treatment approaches.
The limits of the treatment‐enhancement distinction as a guide to public policy
Authors: Erler Alexandre 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMany believe that the treatment‐enhancement distinction (TED) marks an important ethical boundary that we should use to shape public policy on biomedical interventions. A common justification for this purported normative force appeals to the idea that, whereas treatments respond to genuine medical needs, (most) enhancements can only satisfy mere preferences or “expensive tastes”. This article offers a critique of that justification, while still accepting the TED as a conceptual tool, as well as some of the key ethical axioms endorsed by its proponents. I begin by laying out the TED, the practical implications that tend to be drawn from it, and the justification just sketched for these implications. Using examples drawn from preventive medicine, biomedical technology, and other categories of biomedical interventions, I then go on to challenge both the presupposition of a fundamental dichotomy between treatments and enhancements, and the assumption that enhancements – barring rare exceptions – cannot serve legitimate medical needs. Finally, I consider some ways in which supporters of the TED might try re‐formulating the distinction to blunt the force of my critique. I conclude that such a move cannot fully succeed, and that while the TED does have some degree of normative force, it nevertheless cannot play the role that its advocates expect from it. Seeking to justify a general presumption against enhancements based on the rationale I critique here would mean ignoring their various potential benefits, including medical or therapeutic, and would reflect a prejudice – which I refer to as “treatment fetishism”.
‘Things aren't so bad!’: Preschoolers overpredict the emotional intensity of negative outcomes
Authors: Kopp Leia , Atance Cristina M. , Pearce Sean 
Published: September 2017

Adults often overpredict the emotional intensity of future events, but little is known about whether this ‘intensity bias’ is present in early childhood. We asked 48 3‐ to 5‐year‐olds to (1) predict and (2) report their emotions concerning two desirable (receiving four stickers, scoring up to two points in a ball toss) and two undesirable (receiving one sticker, scoring no points) outcomes. Children showed the intensity bias by overpredicting how negatively they would feel if they received one sticker, but not for scoring no points. We discuss how task factors (e.g., personal volition) and cognitive mechanisms (e.g., immune neglect) may influence children's tendency to show the intensity bias.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Adults tend to overpredict the intensity of their emotional reactions to future events.

Whether similar ‘affective forecasting’ errors characterize preschoolers' predictions is not known.

What does this study add?

We created two forecasting tasks (‘sticker’ and ‘ball’) with both desirable and undesirable outcomes.

We obtained evidence for a ‘negativity’ but not a ‘positivity’ bias in children's predictions.

On the sticker task, children overpredicted how badly they would feel after receiving one, versus, four stickers.
The arms race between heliconiine butterflies and Passiflora plants – new insights on an ancient subject
Authors: de Castro Érika C. P. , Zagrobelny Mika , Cardoso Márcio Z. , Bak Søren 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTHeliconiines are called passion vine butterflies because they feed exclusively on Passiflora plants during the larval stage. Many features of Passiflora and heliconiines indicate that they have radiated and speciated in association with each other, and therefore this model system was one of the first examples used to exemplify coevolution theory. Three major adaptations of Passiflora plants supported arguments in favour of their coevolution with heliconiines: unusual variation of leaf shape within the genus; the occurrence of yellow structures mimicking heliconiine eggs; and their extensive diversity of defence compounds called cyanogenic glucosides. However, the protection systems of Passiflora plants go beyond these three features. Trichomes, mimicry of pathogen infection through variegation, and production of extrafloral nectar to attract ants and other predators of their herbivores, are morphological defences reported in this plant genus. Moreover, Passiflora plants are well protected chemically, not only by cyanogenic glucosides, but also by other compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and phenolics. Heliconiines can synthesize cyanogenic glucosides themselves, and their ability to handle these compounds was probably one of the most crucial adaptations that allowed the ancestor of these butterflies to feed on Passiflora plants. Indeed, it has been shown that Heliconius larvae can sequester cyanogenic glucosides and alkaloids from their host plants and utilize them for their own benefit. Recently, it was discovered that Heliconius adults have highly accurate visual and chemosensory systems, and the expansion of brain structures that can process such information allows them to memorize shapes and display elaborate pre‐oviposition behaviour in order to defeat visual barriers evolved by Passiflora species. Even though the heliconiine–Passiflora model system has been intensively studied, the forces driving host‐plant preference in these butterflies remain unclear. New studies have shown that host‐plant preference seems to be genetically controlled, but in many species there is some plasticity in this choice and preferences can even be induced. Although much knowledge regarding the coevolution of Passiflora plants and heliconiine butterflies has accumulated in recent decades, there remain many exciting unanswered questions concerning this model system.
Canopy height variation and environmental heterogeneity in the tropical dry forests of coastal Oaxaca, Mexico
Authors: Salas‐Morales Silvia H. , González Edgar J. , Meave Jorge A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDespite its importance for carbon storage and other ecosystem functions, the variation in vegetation canopy height is not yet well understood. We examined the relationship between this community attribute and environmental heterogeneity in a tropical dry forest of southern Mexico. We sampled vegetation in 15 sites along a 100‐km coastal stretch of Oaxaca State, and measured the heights of all woody plants (excluding lianas). The majority of theca. 4000 individuals recorded concentrated in the 4–8 m height range. We defined three plant sets to describe overall community canopy height at each site: a set including all plants, a set made up by the tallest plants representing 10 percent of all individuals, and a set comprising the 10 tallest plants. For each site we computed maximum height and the mean and median heights of the three sets. Significant collinearity was observed between the seven resulting height variables, but null distributions constructed through bootstrap revealed their different behaviors as functions of species richness and density of individuals. Through linear modeling and a model selection procedure, we identified 21 models that best described the variation in canopy height variables. These models pointed out to soil (measured asPC1 of a principal component analysis performed on 10 soil variables), water stress, and elevation as the main drivers of canopy height variation in the region. In the event of increasing water stress resulting from global climate change, the studied tropical dry forests could become shorter and thus decrease their carbon storage potential.
Portuguese adopted adolescents' perception of attachment relationships to parents
Authors: Barroso Raquel , Barbosa‐Ducharne Maria , Coelho Vanessa 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe establishment of emotional bonds is one of the most important tasks of the adoptive family. Most research about attachment in adoption focuses on young adopted children, as opposed to adoptees in other stages of development. The present study aims at assessing the adopted adolescents' self‐perception of attachment relationships with their adoptive parents, by pairing them with a group of institutionalized adolescents and another one of adolescents in the community. One hundred sixty‐five adolescents (55 adopted, 55 in residential care, and 55 living with their birth family), aged 12 to 19, participated in this study. Data were collected using the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment to assess attachment relationships with parents on three dimensions: trust, communication, and alienation. The results showed that adoptees perceived their relationship with their parents in a similar way to peers in the community and presented higher results when compared to institutionalized adolescents in trust and communication and lower scores in alienation. The results highlighted the relevance of family context experiences and suggested that adoption can offer the possibility of building a secure attachment relationship, which is not the case in the context of collective care, as happens within institutionalized care.
Founding family and auditor choice: Evidence from Taiwan
Authors: Hsu Hwa‐Hsien , Lin Che‐Hung , Tsao Shou‐Min 
Published: September 2017

AbstractManuscript TypeEmpiricalResearch Question/IssueFrom an agency perspective, we investigate whether family ownership and control configurations are systematically associated with a firm's choice of auditor. Our analysis focuses on three different characteristics of family ownership and control: family ownership (cash flow rights), disparity between cash flow and voting rights held by family owners (cash–vote divergence), and the family identities of CEOs.Research Findings/InsightsOur findings suggest that different family ownership and control configurations lead to different agency effects. The alignment effect prevails in family firms with greater family ownership, founder CEOs, and professional CEOs, whereas the entrenchment effect prevails when there is greater cash–vote divergence. Despite the presence of two distinct types of agency effects, regardless of differences in family ownership and control configurations, none of these firms is inclined to appoint higher‐quality auditors.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsThis study advances our understanding of the varied agency effects arising from family ownership, cash–vote divergence, and the family identities of CEOs, as well as the impact of family ownership and control features on auditor choice. Our empirical evidence provides a unique insight, showing that higher‐quality auditors do not tend to be appointed in firms where family alignment with outside investors is relatively strong, as this lowers demand for such auditors. In addition, although family entrenchment may create greater outside investor demand for higher‐quality auditors, such demand is difficult to realize.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsAuditors are an important external governance mechanism. This study offers insights for policymakers, family owners, auditors, and other capital market participants, with regard to the varied effects of different family ownership and control features on auditor choice.
Completeness and coverage of open‐access freshwater fish distribution data in the United States
Authors: Troia Matthew J. , McManamay Ryan A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAimOpen‐access databases provide unprecedented access to records of species occurrence, but their utility depends on how complete species inventories are at given surveying resolutions and how uniformly distributed surveys are in space and time. Our aims were to assess (1) the completeness of freshwater fish surveys across spatial scales and among habitats and (2) survey coverage along spatial and temporal gradients.LocationContiguous United States.MethodsWe compiled occurrence records of freshwater fish species from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, the Multi‐State Aquatic Resources Information Server and federally administered surveys. We evaluated survey completeness across seven spatial resolutions, and separately for lotic and lentic habitats using three thresholds of two survey completeness indices. We evaluated survey coverage from 1800 to 2016 and along climatic and local environmental gradients using histograms and Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests.ResultsOver 21 million reliable abundance (>1.5 million incidence) records representing 892 species were available from 1800 to 2016. The proportion of catchments containing >1 record increased as spatial resolution coarsened, as did the proportion of surveyed catchments classified as well‐surveyed. Records were distributed among 37,775 lotic reaches, but only 1,626 lentic water bodies. Thirteen percentage of surveyed lotic reaches and 33% of surveyed lentic water bodies were well‐surveyed based on the most conservative completeness thresholds. Most well‐surveyed lotic reaches (94%) and lentic water bodies (96%) were surveyed since 1980. Climates representative of the west and gulf coasts as well as headwater streams and small ponds were under‐represented.Main conclusionsContemporary surveys of freshwater fish communities are abundant and generally representative of environmental characteristics in the contiguous USA. Survey clustering within MARIS‐participating states highlights the value of state agency data for biodiversity science and should encourage participation in this—and similar—data compilation endeavours. Future work should focus on surveying more lakes and reservoirs, compiling historical data and filling environmental gaps.
Breaking down rural and urban bias and interrogating spatial inequality, evidence from South Africa
Authors: Zimbalist Zack 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis article investigates current socioeconomic disparities within rural and urban areas. The empirical analysis is grounded in an examination of urban and rural bias theories, which have often underpinned poverty analysis. This article suggests that poverty analysis can be improved by moving beyond the rural–urban binary and investigating differences across all geographical types (when data are available). Using 2012 household survey data on South Africa, the article sheds lights on substantial differences—in household composition and access to services and assets—that are likely to make households located in particular geotypes far more vulnerable to poverty. Finally, the article discusses how development policy can better address the specific income‐generating constraints that disadvantaged areas face.
Atrial fibrillation is associated with cognitive decline in stroke‐free subjects: the Tromsø Study
Authors: Tiwari S. , Løchen M. L. , Jacobsen B. K. , Hopstock L. A. , Nyrnes A. , Njølstad I. , Mathiesen E. B. , Arntzen K. A. , Ball J. , Stewart S. , Wilsgaard T. , Schirmer H. 
Published: September 2017

Background and purposePrevious studies have shown associations between atrial fibrillation (AF) and cognitive decline. We investigated this association in a prospective population study, focusing on whether stroke risk factors modulated this association in stroke‐free women and men.MethodsWe included 4983 participants (57% women) from the fifth survey of the Tromsø Study (Tromsø 5, 2001), of whom 2491 also participated in the sixth survey (Tromsø 6, 2007–2008). Information about age, education, blood pressure, body mass index, lipids, smoking, coffee consumption, physical activity, depression, coronary and valvular heart disease, heart failure and diabetes was obtained at baseline. AF status was based on hospital records. The outcome was change in cognitive score from Tromsø 5 to Tromsø 6, measured by the verbal memory test, the digit–symbol coding test and the tapping test.ResultsMean age at baseline was 65.4 years. The mean reduction in the tapping test scores was significantly larger in participants with AF (5.3 taps/10 s; 95% CI: 3.9, 6.7) compared with those without AF (3.8 taps/10 s; 95% CI: 3.5, 4.1). These estimates were unchanged when adjusted for other risk factors and were similar for both sexes. AF was not associated with change in the digit–symbol coding or the verbal memory tests.ConclusionAtrial fibrillation in stroke‐free participants was independently associated with cognitive decline as measured with the tapping test.
Nutrients and temperature additively increase stream microbial respiration
Authors: Manning David W. P. , Rosemond Amy D. , Gulis Vladislav , Benstead Jonathan P. , Kominoski John S. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractRising temperatures and nutrient enrichment are co‐occurring global‐change drivers that stimulate microbial respiration of detrital carbon, but nutrient effects on the temperature dependence of respiration in aquatic ecosystems remain uncertain. We measured respiration rates associated with leaf litter, wood, and fine benthic organic matter (FBOM) across seasonal temperature gradients before (PRE) and after (ENR1, ENR2) experimental nutrient (nitrogen [N] and phosphorus [P]) additions to five forest streams. Nitrogen and phosphorus were added at different N:P ratios using increasing concentrations of N (~80–650 μg/L) and corresponding decreasing concentrations of P (~90–11 μg/L). We assessed the temperature dependence, and microbial (i.e., fungal) drivers of detrital mass‐specific respiration rates using the metabolic theory of ecology, before vs. after nutrient enrichment, and across N and P concentrations. Detrital mass‐specific respiration rates increased with temperature, exhibiting comparable activation energies (E, electronvolts [eV]) for all substrates (FBOM E = 0.43 [95% CI = 0.18–0.69] eV, leaf litter E = 0.30 [95% CI = 0.072–0.54] eV, wood E = 0.41 [95% CI = 0.18–0.64] eV) close to predicted MTE values. There was evidence that temperature‐driven increased respiration occurred via increased fungal biomass (wood) or increased fungal biomass‐specific respiration (leaf litter). Respiration rates increased under nutrient‐enriched conditions on leaves (1.32×) and wood (1.38×), but not FBOM. Respiration rates responded weakly to gradients in N or P concentrations, except for positive effects of P on wood respiration. The temperature dependence of respiration was comparable among years and across N or P concentration for all substrates. Responses of leaf litter and wood respiration to temperature and the combined effects of N and P were similar in magnitude. Our data suggest that the temperature dependence of stream microbial respiration is unchanged by nutrient enrichment, and that increased temperature and N + P availability have additive and comparable effects on microbial respiration rates.
A Nursing Intervention Increases Quality of Life and Self‐Efficacy in Migraine: A 1‐Year Prospective Controlled Trial
Authors: Leroux Elizabeth , Beaudet Line , Boudreau Guy , Eghtesadi Marzieh , Marchand Luc , Pim Heather , Chagnon Miguel 
Published: September 2017

ObjectivesTo compare the impact of a combined nursing and medical approach to a medical follow‐up only on headache outcomes, quality of life, and self‐efficacy in a cohort of migraineurs.BackgroundInterdisciplinary approaches have been proposed for migraine management. A nursing intervention could improve patient outcomes.MethodsWe prospectively studied new patients referred to our tertiary headache center for migraine. The control group was followed by a physician; the active group was also followed by a nurse with a personalized intervention including adaptation of the lifestyle.ResultsTwo hundred patients (176 women and 24 men, mean age 40 years old) were included and classified according to headache frequency. Each group was followed for 12 months with daily headache diaries. One hundred and sixty‐two completed the study. There were no significant differences between groups for the decrease in headache days, the percent of chronic patients reverting to episodic status or the cessation of medication overuse. Patients in the control group were more likely to find a successful prophylaxis (55.6 vs 27.7%, P = .002). Despite this, the mean decrease in HIT‐6 scores at month 8 was 5.23 ± 9.18 for the active group compared with a decrease of 2.10 ± 9.27 for the control group (P = .030, clinically significant difference of 3.13). Headache Management Self‐Efficacy Scale (HMSE) scores, representing the feeling of self‐efficacy, increased by 14.35 ± 18.41 for the active group vs 4.69 ± 21.22 in the control group (P = .002).ConclusionA nursing intervention can lower the impact of migraines on the patient's life. The improvement in the HIT‐6 score in this study was correlated with improvements in self‐efficacy.
Effect of heat shock protein 27 on the in vitro degradation of myofibrils by caspase‐3 and μ‐calpain
Authors: Ding Zhenjiang , Huang Feng , Zhang Chunjiang , Zhang Liang , Sun Hongxia , Zhang Hong 
Published: September 2017

SummaryThis study was designed to investigate the effect of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) on the in vitro degradation of myofibrils induced by caspase‐3 or μ‐calpain. Myofibrillar proteins were prepared from at‐death beef muscles and incubated with caspase‐3 or μ‐calpain with and without HSP27, or with HSP27 alone, at 30 °C for 2 h, and protein degradation was assessed. Results showed that caspase‐3 promoted the degradation of titin, nebulin and troponin‐T, and μ‐calpain promoted the degradation of nebulin, desmin and troponin‐T, observed during normal PM ageing. Moreover, the addition of HSP27 restricted the degradation of troponin‐T in μ‐calpain‐ and caspase‐3‐treated myofilaments, and restricted the degradation of desmin in μ‐calpain‐treated myofilaments. Therefore, HSP27 may indirectly or directly interact with caspase‐3 and μ‐calpain, reducing their activity and mediating PM proteolysis of muscle proteins to affect meat tenderisation.