bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supercluster simulations: impact of baryons on the matter power spectrum and weak lensing forecasts for Super-CLASS
Authors: Peters Aaron , Brown Michael L , Kay Scott T , Barnes David J 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe use a combination of full hydrodynamic and dark matter only simulations to investigate the effect that supercluster environments and baryonic physics have on the matter power spectrum, by re-simulating a sample of supercluster sub-volumes. On large scales we find that the matter power spectrum measured from our supercluster sample has at least twice as much power as that measured from our random sample. Our investigation of the effect of baryonic physics on the matter power spectrum is found to be in agreement with previous studies and is weaker than the selection effect over the majority of scales. In addition, we investigate the effect of targeting a cosmologically non-representative, supercluster region of the sky on the weak lensing shear power spectrum. We do this by generating shear and convergence maps using a line-of-sight integration technique, which intercepts our random and supercluster sub-volumes. We find the convergence power spectrum measured from our supercluster sample has a larger amplitude than that measured from the random sample at all scales. We frame our results within the context of the Super-CLuster Assisted Shear Survey (Super-CLASS), which aims to measure the cosmic shear signal in the radio band by targeting a region of the sky that contains five Abell clusters. Assuming the Super-CLASS survey will have a source density of 1.5 galaxies  arcmin−2, we forecast a detection significance of $2.7^{+1.5}_{-1.2}$, which indicates that in the absence of systematics the Super-CLASS project could make a cosmic shear detection with radio data alone.
Prevalence of Head Injury and Associated Disability in Prison Populations: A Systematic Review
Authors: Moynan Claire R. , McMillan Tom M. 
Published: October 2017

Objective:
This review systematically assesses literature on the prevalence of head injury (HI) and associated disability in adults in prison.

Methods:
Searches were carried out using electronic databases (PsycINFO, Cochrane Databases, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science). Reference lists of 2 meta-analyses were checked for relevant articles. Methods were rated for risk of bias.

Results:
The 10 studies included report a range in prevalence of HI in prisoners from 25% to 86%. Risk of bias was high overall, probably because a range of HI definitions was used, assessments were often not validated, and samples were not or not evidenced to be representative of the prison population. There was an absence of appropriate population controls from which to compare relative risk of HI in different countries. No study reported the prevalence of disability associated with HI.

Conclusion:
The wide range in prevalence estimates of HI in prisoners is associated with high risk of bias from study design and methods. Persisting disability associated with HI was not reported and as a result the service need for prisoners with HI is unclear. Future studies should indicate that samples are representative of prison populations, use validated tools and internationally accepted definitions of HI, and link prevalence to persisting disability.
Review of Benefits to Practitioners of Using Good Patient-Practitioner Communication
Authors: Sherwood Andrea , Brinkmann John , Fatone Stefania 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Good communication between doctors and patients is an important element of care, with benefits for both patients and doctors. However, research also suggests that there are numerous and common problems related to poor communication that adversely affect patient outcomes. Unfortunately, similar research does not exist in orthotics and prosthetics. Hence, we reviewed the literature regarding good communication between doctors and patients to identify potential benefits for orthotists and prosthetists that may motivate them to use good communication in their clinical practice.

Methods
A literature search was performed using PubMed, Ovid Medline, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Google Scholar, as well as hand searching the references of included articles. Articles were reviewed, and the benefits of good communication to the medical provider were identified and extracted. The medical benefits identified were then considered in the context of a typical orthotic/prosthetic encounter.

Results
A total of 71 articles were included in this review, yielding 17 benefits to medical practitioners of using good patient-practitioner communication. These benefits were then classified into five beneficial themes that potentially apply to orthotics and prosthetics clinical practice: lessens the risk of litigation, makes efficient and effective use of appointment time, improves patient outcomes, improves patient satisfaction and increases referrals, and improves practitioner job satisfaction.

Conclusions
Our review of the literature suggests that benefits exist to the medical provider of using good patient-practitioner communication that are likely relevant to orthotic and prosthetic practitioners.
Risk Factors for Prolonged Symptoms of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Pediatric Sports Concussion Clinic Cohort
Authors: Fehr Shayne D. , Nelson Lindsay D. , Scharer Kyle R. , Traudt Elizabeth A. , Veenstra Joshua M. , Tarima Sergey S. , Liu Xue-Cheng , Walter Kevin D. 
Published: October 2017

Objective:
To examine predictors of prolonged symptom duration from mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in a pediatric sports medicine specialty clinic cohort as these predictors may be distinct in this population.

Design:
Retrospective chart review.

Setting:
Outpatient specialty clinic.

Patients:
Charts of 549 patients (age range: 10-18 years) with concussions were reviewed in an outpatient clinic that predominantly managed sports-related injuries (77.3%). Patients (n = 431) included in the final analysis met the criteria for mTBI and were symptomatic at their first visit.

Assessment of Risk Factors:
Patient history, injury, and recovery variables were evaluated.

Main Outcome Measures:
Predictors of prolonged time to reach self-reported symptom recovery were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards.

Results:
Median time to symptom recovery of the 431 patients who presented to clinic with symptoms was 40 days (full clinic sample median = 34 days). Analyses identified 3 unique predictors of symptom recovery: loss of consciousness (LOC) [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.56, P < 0.0001], female sex (HR = 0.57, P < 0.0001), and concussion symptom score at first clinic visit (HR = 0.76, P < 0.0001).

Conclusions:
Prolonged duration of mTBI symptoms in patients who present to a pediatric sports-based concussion clinic is related to initial symptom severity, female sex, and LOC.
Can Providers Use Clinical Skills to Assess the Adequacy of Ventilation in Children During Bag-Valve Mask Ventilation?
Authors: Becker Heather J. , Langhan Melissa L. 
Published: October 2017

Objective
Bag-valve mask (BVM) ventilation requires both manual skill and clinical assessment of minute ventilation. Subjective factors can make supplying appropriate ventilation difficult. Capnography is not routinely used when ventilating nonintubated patients. Our objective was to determine if providers were able to maintain normal capnography values with BVM ventilation in pediatric patients based on clinical skills alone.

Methods
Providers (nurses, residents, and fellows) delivered 2 minutes of BVM respiratory support to healthy children during induction of anesthesia for elective surgery. All patients had standard monitoring including capnography, but providers were blinded to capnography data. Capnography data were video recorded; values between 30 and 50 mmHg were considered indicative of normal ventilation. Any deviation from this range for greater than 10 consecutive seconds was considered an episode of inappropriate ventilation.

Main Results
Twenty-five providers-patient pairs were enrolled. Nineteen providers were anesthesia residents. The median age of patients was 5.3 years (interquartile range, 3.3–8.5 years). Nineteen providers (76%) had at least 1 episode of abnormal ventilation with a median of 2 episodes per provider (interquartile range, 0.5–2.5). Among these providers, total mean duration of abnormal ventilation was 57 seconds (95% confidence interval, 41–72) or 47% (95% confidence interval, 34%–60%) of the 2-minute period.

Conclusions
Normal ventilation is difficult to maintain among providers delivering BVM ventilation to pediatric patients without objective feedback. Incorporation of capnography monitoring may improve BVM ventilation in children.
Utility of Soft Tissue Lateral Neck Radiographs in the Emergency Department
Authors: Sao Pedro Tais , Scolnik Dennis , Traubici Jeffrey , Stephens Derek 
Published: October 2017

Introduction
Although retropharyngeal infection (RPI) may present with voice change, drooling, fever, and a toxic appearance, diagnosis based on symptoms alone is unreliable. As incidence is increasing in children and drug-resistant bacterial strains such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus are becoming more common, we decided to assess the clinical utility of lateral neck radiography.

Objective
The aim of this study was to review the experience of a large tertiary care pediatric emergency department (ED) in using lateral soft tissue neck radiographs in the diagnosis of suspected RPI.

Methods
A retrospective analysis of all lateral soft tissue neck radiograph reports from 2011 to 2015 in conjunction with a review of patients' charts to describe clinical and laboratory findings, disposition, and final diagnosis was performed. Patients aged 31 days to 18 years who presented to the ED with suspicion of RPI were included.

Results
Review of 366 radiographic reports revealed that 46 were positive for RPI, 286 were negative, and 34 indeterminate. A final discharge diagnosis of RPI was made in 38 patients. Lateral neck radiographs had a sensitivity of 84.3% and a specificity of 93.7% for diagnosing RPI. In triage, most patients had no fever (264, 72.1%), stridor (356, 97%), drooling (348, 95%), or voice change (342, 93%). Surgical intervention occurred in 15 patients (39.5%) with a final diagnosis of RPI.

Conclusions
Lateral neck radiography is useful for diagnosis of RPI in the ED with good sensitivity and specificity. Additional imaging is to be considered at the behest of physician's clinical judgment.
A Study of Red Cell Distribution Width in Neonatal Sepsis
Authors: Ellahony Dalia Monir , El-Mekkawy Muhammad S. , Farag Marwa M. 
Published: October 2017

Objectives
The objective of this study was to evaluate a new nontraditional value of the red cell distribution width (RDW) in predicting the clinical outcome of neonatal sepsis.

Methods
In this retrospective study, data were collected from the medical files of 500 full-term neonates with a diagnosis of early onset or late onset sepsis. Baseline RDW and other traditional biomarkers, including C-reactive protein (CRP), total leucocytic count, and platelet count were analyzed in light of the clinical data. The primary outcome was 30-day mortality.

Results
Red cell distribution width was significantly higher in nonsurvivors compared with survivors (P < 0.0001). Red cell distribution width was significantly elevated in infants with septic shock compared with those having severe sepsis and those with sepsis (P < 0.0001). A strong positive correlation was found between RDW and CRP (r = 0.8; P <0.0001). Red cell distribution width had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.75 for prediction of mortality, which was almost equal to that of CRP and platelet count. Furthermore, logistic regression analysis showed a positive association of RDW with mortality (odds ratio, 1.31; 95% confidence interval, 1.241–1.399).

Conclusions
Red cell distribution width is a useful prognostic marker in neonatal sepsis. Larger prospective studies are required to confirm the value of this routinely available marker in this category of patients.
Autologous Bone Marrow-Derived Mononuclear Cells Combined With β-TCP for Maxillary Bone Augmentation in Implantation Procedures
Authors: Bulgin Dmitry , Hodzic Enes 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Replacing missing bone or adding mass to existing bone is often essential to the success of a dental implant. A large variety of graft materials have been used for maxillary and mandibular atrophy. To date there has been no graft material, which can be regarded as completely satisfactory. Our experience with freshly isolated autologous bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells combined with β-tricalcium phosphate for augmentation of the extremely atrophied maxilla is presented. These techniques are based on stimulation of natural events continuously present in living bone (ie, the process of bone remodeling). The property of the mixture material for bone augmentation to place dental implant was discussed.
Rhino Physiognomy: a Myth or Science?
Authors: Mohammed Abdul Wadood , Pathath Abdul Wahab , Al-Kuwaity Khalid Waleed , Ali Sayed Ibrahim 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Face reading has been practised since time immemorial by different cultures. Different personality traits have been attributed to different characters of face. It is argued that everyone uses face reading in their daily life when they choose one person to another.
One would not prefer to sit beside a tidy, handsome, well-dressed man if he had narrow mean eyes. People tend to artificially change the features of their face to gain acceptance in interviews. Most of these preferences are arbitrary and are born out of the authors’ preconceived cultural and social influences. But is there a science behind these observations. The proponents of face reading argue that this is based on clearly stated rules and observation. Nose is an important part of the face. According to face reading the shape and size of nose determines the aggressiveness of the person. The present study tries to scientifically test this statement.
Vascular Precautions Before Sinus Lift Procedure
Authors: AL-Ghurabi Zainab H. , Abdulrazaq Saif Saadedeen 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the benefit of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and how to minimize injury to the posterior superior alveolar artery (PSAA) before sinus lift procedure. Cone beam computed tomography scans of 30 maxillary sinuses (15 patients) assessed to determine the location of PSAA presinus lift procedure. The data collected were used to extend the existed literature. The most common location of the PSAA was intraosseous (66.7%), the subantral distance mean was 5 ± 1 mm, and the mean distance of PSAA from the crest was 15 ± 1.6 mm. Cone beam computed tomography is valuable before the sinus lift procedure to exclude the presence of any lesion and to detect the location of the PSAA. The study recommends not to extend the upper border of the window beyond 16 mm from the residual crest during the lateral sinus approach.
Role of Swallowing Function of Tracheotomised Patients in Major Head and Neck Cancer Surgery
Authors: Bartella Alexander K. , Kamal Mohammad , Berman Sean , Steiner Timm , Frölich Dirk , Hölzle Frank , Lethaus Bernd 
Published: October 2017

Introduction:
Tracheotomy is a frequent procedure in extended head and neck cancer surgery and known to be a risk factor for prolonged hospitalization. The authors hypothesized that the clinical course and delayed decannulation of patients are not only influenced by airway narrowing, but also by a compromised postoperative swallowing function.

Material and Methods:
The investigators implemented a retrospective cohort study. The sample was composed of a tertiary care center patients who underwent major head and neck cancer surgery, each receiving a tracheostomy. Data collected include general clinical data as well as endoscopical evaluation of swallowing function and aspiration rate. Descriptive and bivariate statistics were computed and the P value was set at.05.

Results:
The sample was composed of 96 patients with an average age of 64.2 and sex ratio of 1.4:1 (m:f). There was a strong statistically significant relation between swallowing function and timing of decannulation (P < 0.001) and duration of hospitalization (P < 0.001). Age (P = 0.55), sex (P = 0.54), tumor size (P = 0.12), general diseases (P = 0.24), distant metastases (P = 0.15), or extent of neck dissection (P = 0.15) were not significantly associated to swallowing function. Permanent cannulation was significantly correlated to a primary cancer of the soft palate or base of the tonge (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
The results of this study confirm the importance of the evaluation of swallowing function before the removal of the tracheotomy cannula in head and neck cancer patients.
The Implications of the Shift Toward Donation After Circulatory Death in Australia
Authors: Reiling Janske , Forrest Elizabeth , Bridle Kim R. , Britton Laurence J. , Santrampurwala Nishreen , Crawford Darrell H.G. , Dejong Cornelis H.C. , Fawcett Jonathan 
Published: October 2017

Background
In recent years, an increasing number of donor livers are being declined for transplantation in Australia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of donation after cardiac death and other factors associated with organ quality on liver utilization rates in Australia.

Methods
Data on organ donors who donated at least 1 organ between 2005 and 2014 were obtained from the Australia and New Zealand organ donation registry. Temporal changes in donor characteristics were assessed and a logistical regression analysis was performed to evaluate their association with liver nonuse.

Results
The number of organ donors increased from 175 in 2005 to 344 in 2014, with overall 19% being donation after cardiac death donors (P < 0.001). The percentage of livers deemed unsuitable for transplantation increased from 24% in 2005 to 41% in 2014 (P < 0.001). Donation after cardiac death was identified as the most important risk factor for nonuse with an odds ratio of 25.88 (95% confidence interval, 18.84-35.56), P < 0.001) followed by donor age, obesity, and diabetes.

Discussion
This study shows that livers donated after circulatory death are an underused resource in Australia. Better use of these currently available organs would be a highly cost-effective way of reducing waiting list mortality in liver transplantation.
White matter differences in Parkinson’s disease mapped using tractometry
Authors: Corbin Conor K. , Gupta Vikash , Villalon-Reina Julio E. , Nir Talia M. , Rashid Faisal M. , Thomopoulos Sophia I. , Jahanshad Neda , Thompson Paul M. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTNeurodegenerative disorders are characterized by a progressive loss of brain function. Improved precision in mapping the altered brain pathways can provide a deep understanding of the trajectory of decline. We propose a tractometry workflow for conducting group statistical analyses of point-wise microstructural measures along white matter fasciculi to identify patterns of abnormalities associated with disease. We combined state-of-the-art tools including fiber registration, tract simplification and fiber matching for accurate point-wise statistical analyses across populations. We test the utility of this method by identifying group differences between Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients and healthy controls. We find statistically significant group differences in diffusion MRI derived measures along the anterior thalamic radiations (ATR), corticospinal tract (CST) and regions of the corpus callosum (CC). These pathways are essential for motor control systems within cortico-cortical and cortico-subcortical brain networks. Moreover, the reported pathological changes were not widespread but rather localized along several tracts. Point-wise tract analyses may therefore offer an advantage in anatomical specificity over traditional methods that assess mean microstructural measures across large regions of interest.
Hijacking of Multiple Phospholipid Biosynthetic Pathways and Induction of Membrane Biogenesis by a Picornaviral 3CD Protein
Authors: Banerjee Sravani , Aponte-Diaz David , Yeager Calvin , Sharma Suresh D. , Oh Hyung S. , Han Qingxia , Umeda Masato , Hara Yuji , Wang Robert Y.L. , Cameron Craig E. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTRNA viruses induce specialized membranous structures for use in genome replication. These structures are often referred to as replication organelles (ROs). ROs exhibit distinct lipid composition relative to other cellular membranes. In many picornaviruses, phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PI4P) is a marker of the RO. Studies to date indicate that the viral 3A protein hijacks a PI4 kinase to induce PI4P by a mechanism unrelated to the cellular pathway, which requires Golgi-specific brefeldin A-resistance guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1, GBF1, and ADP ribosylation factor 1, Arf1. Here we show that a picornaviral 3CD protein is sufficient to induce synthesis of not only PI4P but also phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and phosphatidylcholine (PC). Synthesis of PI4P requires GBF1 and Arf1. We identified 3CD derivatives: 3CDmand 3CmD, that we used to show that distinct domains of 3CD function upstream of GBF1 and downstream of Arf1 activation. These same 3CD derivatives still supported induction of PIP2 and PC, suggesting that pathways and corresponding mechanisms used to induce these phospholipids are distinct. Phospholipid induction by 3CD is localized to the perinuclear membrane, the outcome of which is the proliferation of membranes in this area of the cell. We conclude that a single viral protein can serve as a master regulator of cellular phospholipid and membrane biogenesis, likely by commandeering normal cellular pathways.AUTHOR SUMMARYPicornaviruses replicate their genomes in association with host membranes. Early during infection, existing membranes are used but remodeled to contain a repertoire of lipids best suited for virus multiplication. Later, new membrane synthesis occurs, which requires biosynthesis of phosphatidylcholine in addition to the other more specialized lipids. We have learned that a single picornaviral protein is able to induce membrane biogenesis and decorate these membranes with some of the specialized lipids induced by the virus. A detailed mechanism of induction has been elucidated for one of these lipids. The ability of a single viral protein to commandeer host pathways that lead to membrane biogenesis was unexpected. This discovery reveals a new target for antiviral therapy with the potential to completely derail all aspects of the viral lifecycle requiring membrane biogenesis.