bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The application of genetic algorithm for the design of screw in twin-screw extruder
Authors: Ren Jianhua , Zhao Junjie , Liu Xinyi 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
With the twin screw extruder being widely used, there are a lot of parameters considered in the method, and the extruder’s volume is an important parameter of twin screw extruders among them. In this paper, some of the extruder parameters such as the impacting extruder volume are introduced, and the mathematical relationship in these parameters is interpreted. The minimum power consumption is the goal of the authors’ structural design.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper further applies genetic algorithm, a kind of intelligent optimization methods, to obtain the most optimized design dimension, and power consumption function related to unit output of extruder is used as the optimizing target. Meanwhile, this paper takes channel depth of feeding section, channel depth of extrusion section affecting the energy consumption, the width of flight top and helix angle as design variables.

Findings
By using genetic algorithm, the optimal structure size is obtained, and the power consumption is minimum.

Originality/value
With the use of optimizing the structure, the power of consumption is reduced. This method has important economic significance and important social significance on energy saving.
Pyrolysis characteristic of coals with different metamorphic grades and its instruction to coalbed methane development
Authors: Xia Peng , Li Kunjie , Zeng Fangui , Xiao Xiong , Zhang Jianliang , Xiang Jianhua , Sun Beilei 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
Pyrolysis for coal gas generation changes the composition, pore structure, permeability and adsorption capacity of coal. This work aims to discuss the utilization of coal pyrolysis on enhancing coalbed methane (CBM) production in the Gujiao area, Shanxi province, China.

Design/methodology/approach
This research was conducted mainly by the methods of thermogravimetry mass spectrometry (TG-MS) analysis, liquid nitrogen adsorption experiment and methane isothermal adsorption measurement.

Findings
The results can be concluded as that 400-700°C is the main temperature range for generating CH4. Pore volume and specific surface area increase with increasing temperature; however, the proportion of micro pore, transition pore and macro pore has no difference. The optimum temperature for enhancing CBM production should be letter than 600°C because the sedimentation of tar and other products will occupy some pores and fissures after 600°C.

Originality/value
Here in, to accurately recognize the suitable maximum temperature for heating development, a method enhancing CBM production, TG-MS, was adopted to analyze the products and the weight loss of coals with different ranks in the Gujiao area at temperature of 30-1,100°C. And then the pore structure, porosity, permeability, methane adsorption capacity and thermal maturity of coals during pyrolysis were investigated with increased temperature from 30°C to 750°C. On these bases, the favorable condition for enhancing CBM production and the thermal evolution of coal were recognized.
Light irradiation helps magnetotactic bacteria eliminate intracellular reactive oxygen species
Authors: Li Kefeng , Wang Pingping , Chen Chuanfang , Chen Changyou , Li Lulu , Song Tao 
Published: July 2017

SummaryMagnetotactic bacteria (MTB) demonstrate photoresponse. However, little is known about the biological significance of this behaviour. Magnetosomes exhibit peroxidase‐like activity and can scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS). Magnetosomes extracted from the Magnetospirillum magneticum strain AMB‐1 show enhanced peroxidase‐like activity under illumination. The present study investigated the effects of light irradiation on nonmagnetic (without magnetosomes) and magnetic (with magnetosomes) AMB‐1 cells. Results showed that light irradiation did not affect the growth of nonmagnetic and magnetic cells but significantly increased magnetosome synthesis and reduced intracellular ROS level in magnetic cells. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) was performed to analyse the expression level of magnetosome formation‐associated genes (mamA, mms6, mms13 and mmsF) and stress‐related genes (recA, oxyR, SOD, amb0664 and amb2684). Results showed that light irradiation upregulated the expression of mms6, mms13 and mmsF. Furthermore, light irradiation upregulated the expression of stress‐related genes in nonmagnetic cells but downregulated them in magnetic cells. Additionally, magnetic cells exhibited stronger phototactic behaviour than nonmagnetic ones. These results suggested that light irradiation could heighten the ability of MTB to eliminate intracellular ROS and help them adapt to lighted environments. This phenomenon may be related to the enhanced peroxidase‐like activity of magnetosomes under light irradiation.
Symbiont dynamics and strain diversity in the defensive mutualism between Lagria beetles and Burkholderia
Authors: Flórez Laura V. , Kaltenpoth Martin 
Published: July 2017

SummaryDefensive mutualisms are often facultative in nature, and their evolutionary dynamics can be shaped by changes in local antagonist communities or arms races with coevolving antagonists. Under these conditions, selection may favour hosts that flexibly acquire symbionts producing compounds with bioactivity against current antagonists. Here, we study the prevalence, dynamics and strain diversity of Burkholderia gladioli bacteria in Lagria beetles, a recently described protective symbiosis involving vertical transmission and antifungal defense for the host eggs. In Lagria hirta, we investigate the fate of the bacteria during the host life cycle. Despite a transmission route relying solely on the females, the bacteria are present in both sexes during the larval stage, suggesting a potentially multifaceted defensive role. In L. hirta and L. villosa adults, culture‐dependent and ‐independent techniques revealed that individual beetles harbour diverse Burkholderia strains from at least two different phylogenetic clades, yet all closely related to free‐living B. gladioli. Interestingly, rearing the beetles in the laboratory strongly impacted symbiont strain profiles in both beetle species. Our findings highlight the dynamic nature of the B. gladioli‐Lagria symbiosis and present this as a valuable system for studying multiple strain coinfections, as well as the evolutionary and ecological factors regulating defensive symbiosis.
Molecular and functional analysis of the mce4 operon in Mycobacterium smegmatis
Authors: García‐Fernández Julia , Papavinasasundaram Kadamba , Galán Beatriz , Sassetti Christopher M. , García José L. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryMycobacterium smegmatis contains 6 homologous mce (mammalian cell entry) operons which have been proposed to encode ABC‐like import systems. The mce operons encode up to 10 different proteins of unknown function that are not present in conventional ABC transporters. We have analysed the consequences of individually deleting each of the genes of the mce4 operon of M. smegmatis, which mediates the transport of cholesterol. None of the mce4 mutants were able to grow in cholesterol suggesting that all these genes are required for its uptake and that none of them can be replaced by the homologous genes of the other mce operons. This result suggests that different mce operons do not provide redundant capabilities and that M. smegmatis, in contrast with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is not able to use alternative systems to import cholesterol in the analysed culture conditions. Either deletion of the entire mce4 operon or single point mutations that eliminate the transport function cause a phenotype similar to the one observed in a mutant lacking all 6 mce operons suggesting a pleiotropic role for this system.
The Exploration Phase of Replication Strategies: The Role of Autonomous Action for Reverse Knowledge Flows
Authors: Friesl Martin , Larty Joanne 
Published: July 2017

AbstractReplication strategies rely on the exploration of new knowledge. An important source of new knowledge is the transfer of unit level experience to headquarters, a process referred to as reverse knowledge flows. Such knowledge flows are fraught with difficulty as formal mechanisms often break down due to diverging business interests of unit and headquarters managers. This study brings together research on knowledge stickiness and autonomous action to provide a new avenue for understanding reverse knowledge flows. By drawing on an exploratory study of a franchise network, we provide an insight into how autonomous action reduces initiation stickiness but potentially increases implementation stickiness. Our analysis suggests that the role of autonomous action for reverse knowledge flows is moderated by unit managers’ resource expectations that emerge as a result of autonomous action. Exploring the interplay of autonomous action and knowledge stickiness provides new explanatory means for understanding reverse knowledge flows in replicator organizations.
Combined deficiency of the Cnr1 and Cnr2 receptors protects against age‐related bone loss by osteoclast inhibition
Authors: Sophocleous Antonia , Marino Silvia , Kabir Dilruba , Ralston Stuart H. , Idris Aymen I. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryThe endocannabinoid system plays a role in regulating bone mass and bone cell activity and inactivation of the type 1 (Cnr1) or type 2 (Cnr2) cannabinoid receptors influences peak bone mass and age‐related bone loss. As the Cnr1 and Cnr2 receptors have limited homology and are activated by different ligands, we have evaluated the effects of combined deficiency of Cnr1 and 2 receptors (Cnr1/2−/−) on bone development from birth to old age and studied ovariectomy induced bone loss in female mice. The Cnr1/2−/− mice had accelerated bone accrual at birth when compared with wild type littermates, and by 3 months of age, they had higher trabecular bone mass. They were also significantly protected against ovariectomy‐induced bone loss due to a reduction in osteoclast number. The Cnr1/2−/− mice had reduced age‐related bone loss when compared with wild‐type due to a reduction in osteoclast number. Although bone formation was reduced and bone marrow adiposity increased in Cnr1/2−/− mice, the osteoclast defect outweighed the reduction in bone formation causing preservation of bone mass with aging. This contrasts with the situation previously reported in mice with inactivation of the Cnr1 or Cnr2 receptors individually where aged‐related bone loss was greater than in wild‐type. We conclude that the Cnr1 and Cnr2 receptors have overlapping but nonredundant roles in regulating osteoclast and osteoblast activities. These observations indicate that combined inhibition of Cnr1 and Cnr2 receptors may be beneficial in preventing age‐related bone loss, whereas blockade of individual receptors may be detrimental.
Determinants of bilateral trade: evidence from ASEAN+3
Authors: Nguyen Dong Phong , Vo Xuan Vinh 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn this research, we investigate the determinants of international trade, employing a dataset of bilateral trade and economics characteristics in the ASEAN+3 countries. We include a large number of independent variables that potentially drive international trade. We also use various standard gravity model variables to maintain consistency with the current literature. The results provide some important insights into the determinants of bilateral trade and offer policy implications regarding the promotion of international trade for governments worldwide. In particular, we find that output asymmetry between countries positively explains bilateral trade. Moreover, the findings suggest that making use of comparative advantage by differentiating the export product structure is important in promoting international trade. We do not find a consistent impact from bilateral exchange rate volatility on bilateral trade. This result points to the importance of providing opportunities for the hedging of currency uncertainty to avoid its adverse effects on trade. The results for other standard gravity model variables are consistent with the results of previous theoretical and empirical research.
Anti‐TNF treatment in Crohn's disease and risk of bowel resection—a population based cohort study
Authors: Eberhardson M. , Söderling J. K. , Neovius M. , Cars T. , Myrelid P. , Ludvigsson J. F. , Askling J. , Ekbom A. , Olén O. 
Published: July 2017

SUMMARYBackgroundTNF inhibitors (TNFi) have been shown to reduce the need for surgery in Crohn's disease, but few studies have examined their effect beyond the first year of treatment.AimTo conduct a register‐based observational cohort study in Sweden 2006‐2014 to investigate the risk of bowel resection in bowel surgery naïve TNFi‐treated Crohn's disease patients and whether patients on TNFi ≥12 months are less likely to undergo bowel resection than patients discontinuing treatment before 12 months.MethodsWe identified all individuals in Sweden with Crohn's disease through the Swedish National Patient Register 1987‐2014 and evaluated the incidence of bowel resection after first ever dispensation of adalimumab or infliximab from 2006 and up to 7 years follow‐up.ResultsWe identified 1856 Crohn's disease patients who had received TNFi. Among these patients, 90% treatment retention was observed at 6 months after start of TNFi and 65% remained on the drug after 12 months. The cumulative rates of surgery in Crohn's disease patients exposed to TNFi years 1‐7 were 7%, 13%, 17%, 20%, 23%, 25% and 28%. Rates of bowel resection were similar between patients with TNFi survival <12 months and ≥12 months respectively (P=.27). No predictors (eg, sex, age, extension or duration of disease) for bowel resection were identified.ConclusionsThe risk of bowel resection after start of anti‐TNF treatment is higher in regular health care than in published RCTs. Patients on sustained TNFi treatment beyond 12 months have bowel resection rates similar to those who discontinue TNFi treatment earlier.
Retort beef aroma that gives preferable properties to canned beef products and its aroma components
Authors: Migita Koshiro , Iiduka Takao , Tsukamoto Kie , Sugiura Sayuri , Tanaka Genichiro , Sakamaki Gousuke , Yamamoto Yasufumi , Takeshige Yusuke , Miyazawa Toshio , Kojima Ayako , Nakatake Tomoko , Okitani Akihiro , Matsuishi Masanori 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe objective of this study is to identify the properties and responsible compounds for the aromatic roast odor (retort beef aroma) that commonly occurs in canned beef products and could contribute to their palatability. The optimal temperature for generating retort beef aroma was 121°C. An untrained panel evaluated both uncured corned beef and canned yamato‐ni beef and found that they had an aroma that was significantly (P < 0.01) similar to the odor of 121°C‐heated beef than 100°C‐heated beef. The panel also noted that the aroma of 121°C‐heated beef tended to be (P < 0.1) preferable than that of 100°C‐heated beef. These results suggest that retort beef aroma is one constituent of palatability in canned beef. GC‐MS (gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry) analysis of the volatile fraction obtained from 100°C‐ and 121°C‐heated beef showed that the amounts of pyrazine, 2‐methylpyrazine and diacetyl were higher in the 121°C‐heated beef than in the 100°C‐heated beef. GC‐sniffing revealed that the odor quality of pyrazines was similar to that of retort beef aroma. Therefore, pyrazines were suggested to be a candidate responsible for the retort beef aroma. Analysis of commercial uncured corned beef and cured corned beef confirmed the presence of pyrazine, 2‐methylpyrazine and 2,6‐dimethylpyrazine.
Inhibition of nuclear Wnt signalling: challenges of an elusive target for cancer therapy
Authors: Lyou Yung , Habowski Amber N , Chen George T , Waterman Marian L 
Published: July 2017

The highly conserved Wnt signalling pathway plays an important role in embryonic development and disease pathogenesis, most notably cancer. The ‘canonical’ or β‐catenin‐dependent Wnt signal initiates at the cell plasma membrane with the binding of Wnt proteins to Frizzled:LRP5/LRP6 receptor complexes and is mediated by the translocation of the transcription co‐activator protein, β‐catenin, into the nucleus. β‐Catenin then forms a complex with T‐cell factor (TCF)/lymphoid enhancer binding factor (LEF) transcription factors to regulate multiple gene programmes. These programmes play roles in cell proliferation, migration, vasculogenesis, survival and metabolism. Mutations in Wnt signalling pathway components lead to constitutively active Wnt signalling that drives aberrant expression of these programmes and development of cancer. It has been a longstanding and challenging goal to develop therapies that can interfere with the TCF/LEF–β‐catenin transcriptional complex. This review will focus on the (i) structural considerations for targeting the TCF/LEF–β‐catenin and co‐regulatory complexes in the nucleus, (ii) current molecules that directly target TCF/LEF–β‐catenin activity and (iii) ideas for targeting newly discovered components of the TCF/LEF–β‐catenin complex and/or downstream gene programmes regulated by these complexes.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on WNT Signalling: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.24/issuetoc
Intranasal delivery of dexamethasone efficiently controls LPS-induced murine neuroinflammation
Authors: Meneses G , Gevorkian G , Florentino A , Bautista M A , Espinosa A , Acero G , Díaz G , Fleury A , Pérez Osorio I N , del Rey A , Fragoso G , Sciutto E , Besedovsky H 
Published: July 2017

SummaryNeuroinflammation is the hallmark of several infectious and neurodegenerative diseases. Synthetic glucocorticoids (GCs) are the first-line immunosuppressive drugs used for controlling neuroinflammation. A delayed diffusion of GCs molecules and the high systemic doses required for brain-specific targeting lead to severe undesirable effects, particularly when lifelong treatment is required. Therefore, there is an urgent need for improving this current therapeutic approach. The intranasal (i.n.) route is being employed increasingly for drug delivery to the brain via the olfactory system. In this study, the i.n. route is compared to the intravenous (i.v.) administration of GCs with respect to their effectiveness in controlling neuroinflammation induced experimentally by systemic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. A statistically significant reduction in interleukin (IL)-6 levels in the central nervous system (CNS) in the percentage of CD45+/CD11b+/lymphocyte antigen 6 complex locus G6D [Ly6G+ and in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunostaining was observed in mice from the i.n.-dexamethasone (DX] group compared to control and i.v.-DX-treated animals. DX treatment did not modify the percentage of microglia and perivascular macrophages as determined by ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1) immunostaining of the cortex and hippocampus. The increased accumulation of DX in brain microvasculature in DX-i.n.-treated mice compared with controls and DX-IV-treated animals may underlie the higher effectiveness in controlling neuroinflammation. Altogether, these results indicate that IN-DX administration may offer a more efficient alternative than systemic administration to control neuroinflammation in different neuropathologies.
Comparison between mineralized cancellous bone allograft and an alloplast material for sinus augmentation: A split mouth histomorphometric study
Authors: Kolerman Roni , Nissan Joseph , Rahmanov Marina , Vered Hana , Cohen Omer , Tal Haim 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundSeveral grafting materials have been used in sinus augmentation procedures including autogenous bone, demineralized freeze‐dried bone, hydroxyapatite, β‐tricalcium phosphate, anorganic deproteinized bovine bone, and combination of these and others. Yet, the issue of the optimal graft material for sinus floor augmentation is controversial.PurposeThis prospective, randomized split‐mouth study was undertaken to histomorphometrically compare a biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) alloplastic bone substitute and a human bone mineral allograft (freeze‐dried bone allograft, FDBA) in patients undergoing bilateral maxillary lateral sinus floor augmentation.Material and methodsApico‐coronal core biopsies were harvested at 9 months from 26 bilateral sites in 13 treated patients. Specimens were processed for histological and histomorphometrical analyses.ResultsNewly formed bone (NB) was evident in all specimens with values of 27.5% and 24.0% at the FDBA and BCP sites, respectively (P = .331). The residual graft particle values were 12.5% and 25.4% (P = .001), and the connective tissue values were 60.0% and 50.6%, respectively. The osteoconductive value was 52.6% for the FDBA and 26.7% for the alloplast (P = .001). The values for the measured residual graft particles, connective tissue, and osteoconductivity, but not for NB, showed highly significant differences between the two groups. All sections in the alloplast material showed evidence of a light chronic inflammatory infiltrate, mainly comprising lymphocytes and multinucleated giant cells.ConclusionsBoth graft materials are suitable for sinus floor augmentation, with the allograft material being more osteoconductive.
Effectiveness of functional training on cardiorespiratory parameters: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Rezende Barbosa Marianne Penachini da Costa de , Oliveira Vinicius Cunha , Silva Anne Kastelianne França da , Pérez‐Riera Andrés Ricardo , Vanderlei Luiz Carlos 
Published: July 2017

SummaryBackgroundFunctional training is a new training vision that was prepared from the gesture imitation of daily activities. Although your use has become popular in clinical practice, the influence of the several cardiorespiratory adjustments performed during the functional training in different populations and conditions is unknown. So, the aim of this systematic review was to gather information in the literature regarding the influence of functional training on cardiorespiratory parameters.MethodsWe conducted search strategies on MEDLINE, PEDro, EMBASE, SportDiscus and Cochrane to identify randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of functional training on cardiorespiratory parameters. Methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the PEDro scale. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) summarized the evidence.ResultsFive original studies were included. Effects favoured functional training on oxygen consumption (VO2) at intermediate‐term follow‐up: weighted mean difference −1·0 (95% CI: 5·4–3·3), P = 0·642, and a small and not clinically important effect observed on VO2 favouring control at intermediate‐term follow‐up (i.e. mean difference of 1·30 (95% CI 1·07–1·53), P<0·001).ConclusionAccording to the GRADE system, there is very low quality evidence that functional training is better than other interventions to improve cardiovascular parameters. This result encourages new searches about the theme.