bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“More than a Contract”: The Emergence of a State-Supported Marriage Welfare Service and the Politics of Emotional Life in Post-1945 Britain
Authors: Chettiar Teri 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis article examines the seminal contributions of Britain's marriage counseling and therapy services toward cultivating a new emotional purpose for marriage in the decades following World War II. It presents two related narrative threads. First, it argues that psychologically oriented relationship services attracted government support because they supported the postwar ideal of a classless democratic society. Pioneering practitioners promoted a universalized view of citizens’ emotional relationships—rather than their socio-economic circumstances—as the determining fact of their lives. Second, it argues that these services provided a compelling language and set of concepts for articulating transforming understandings and expectations of marriage in the decades after 1945. To this end, the article reveals how the language and concepts of marriage therapists were mobilized by divorce reformers in the 1960s, and helped replace the offense model for divorce petitions with a less punitive psychological model of relationship “breakdown” in 1969. Britain's postwar marriage welfare services endowed stable harmonious families with crucial social and political importance as the bedrock for postwar social reconstruction and the most fitting environment for children and adults alike to develop into fully mature and self-realized democratic citizens.
COMPUTINGL-FUNCTIONS AND SEMISTABLE REDUCTION OF SUPERELLIPTIC CURVES
Authors: BOUW IRENE I. , WEWERS STEFAN 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe give an explicit description of the stable reduction of superelliptic curves of the formyn=f(x) at primes$\mathfrak{p}$whose residue characteristic is prime to the exponentn. We then use this description to compute the localL-factor and the exponent of conductor at$\mathfrak{p}$of the curve.
ABELIAN IDEALS IN A COMPLEX SIMPLE LIE ALGEBRA
Authors: BROWNE PATRICK J. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn this note, we give a new simple construction of all maximal abelian ideals in a Borel subalgebra of a complex simple Lie algebra. We also derive formulas for dimensions of certain maximal abelian ideals in terms of the theory of Borel de Siebenthal.
THE STRUCTURE OF BALANCED BIG COHEN–MACAULAY MODULES OVER COHEN–MACAULAY RINGS
Authors: HOLM HENRIK 
Published: June 2016

AbstractOver a Cohen–Macaulay (CM) local ring, we characterize those modules that can be obtained as a direct limit of finitely generated maximal CM modules. We point out two consequences of this characterization: (1) Every balanced big CM module, in the sense of Hochster, can be written as a direct limit of small CM modules. In analogy with Govorov and Lazard's characterization of flat modules as direct limits of finitely generated free modules, one can view this as a “structure theorem” for balanced big CM modules. (2) Every finitely generated module has a pre-envelope with respect to the class of finitely generated maximal CM modules. This result is, in some sense, dual to the existence of maximal CM approximations, which has been proved by Auslander and Buchweitz.
What's the Problem with Maths?
Authors: Acheson David 
Published: June 2016

Mathematics is full of wonder and surprise, and I had my first big mathematical surprise at the age of 10, in 1956.I was keen on conjuring at the time, and came across the following ‘mind-reading’ trick un a book.Write down a 3-figure number.Any such number will do, as long as the first and last figures differ by 2 or more.Now reverse your number, and subtract the smaller 3-figure number from the larger.
Irrationality proofs à la Hermite
Authors: Zhou Li 
Published: June 2016

In [1] Niven used the integralto give a well-known proof of the irrationality of π. Recently Zhou and Markov [2] used a recurrence relation satisfied by this integral to present an alternative proof which may be more direct than Niven's.Niven did not cite any references in [1] and thus the origin or Hn seems rather mysterious and ingenious. However if we heed Abel's advice to ‘study the masters’, we find that Hn emerged much more naturally from the great works of Lambert [3] and Hermite [4].
A classification of Kaprekar constant
Authors: Dolan Stan 
Published: June 2016

The number 6174 has the well-known property that it equals the difference between the numbers formed by rearranging its digits in descending and ascending orders :Numbers with this property are called Kaprekar constants after the Indian mathematician D. R. Kaprekar [1]. Similarly, the general process of finding the difference between numbers formed by rearranging digits in descending and ascending orders is called the Kaprekar process.
Droz-Farny constructions
Authors: Silvester John 
Published: June 2016

Notation: If A, B are points, then AB denotes the line AB rather than just the segment from A to B, unless stated otherwise. If l, m are lines, then their meet is denoted l m. The circle through points A, B and C (the circumcircle of ΔABC) is denoted ⊙ABC.Given ΔABC, let the points Xi, Yi, Zi, lie on BC, CA, AB, respectively, for i = 1, 2, 3; that is, three distinct points on each side of the triangle, and suppose
How many winners will there be?
Authors: Hopkins David 
Published: June 2016

Some years ago I was invited to take part in a fund-raising competition, [1]. The rules had an interesting feature that led me to analyse the situation mathematically. This resulted in some interesting formulae and one inequality, which I will describe here.The competition offered a single prize and the entry form looked similar to the partially-completed example illustrated below.The form listed 40 categories similar to the ones shown. Participants were required to write down an ‘answer’ for each category, e.g. for ‘an animal’, you might choose DOG. No other indications were given, so each answer was a completely free choice.
THE DISCOURSE OF SOUND
Authors: Kaltenecker Martin 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis article offers a short overview of the development of listening theories concerning Western art music since the end of the eighteenth century. Referring to Michel Foucault, I consider such theories asdiscourseswhich produce ‘power effects', such as the training of listening attitudes, or the construction of specific spaces, such as the Festspielhaus in Bayreuth. During the eighteenth century, predominant discourses considered musical pieces as orations and, since the nineteenth century, as complex organisms or structures. In the last third of the twentieth century a focus on sound, evinced for instance by the field of ‘sound studies', has produced a new configuration that dissolves the prevailing model of structural listening. This perspective may shed light on some technical features of contemporary compositional styles, which I examine by considering the use of melodies, gestures and loops in two compositions by Fausto Romitelli and Simon Steen-Andersen.
Explaining financial and prosocial biases in favor of attractive people: Interdisciplinary perspectives from economics, social psychology, and evolutionary psychology
Authors: Maestripieri Dario , Henry Andrea , Nickels Nora 
Published: June 2016

AbstractFinancial and prosocial biases in favor of attractive adults have been documented in the labor market, in social transactions in everyday life, and in studies involving experimental economic games. According to the taste-based discrimination model developed by economists, attractiveness-related financial and prosocial biases are the result of preferences or prejudices similar to those displayed toward members of a particular sex, racial, ethnic, or religious group. Other explanations proposed by economists and social psychologists maintain that attractiveness is a marker of personality, intelligence, trustworthiness, professional competence, or productivity. Evolutionary psychologists have argued that attractive adults are favored because they are preferred sexual partners. Evidence that stereotypes about attractive people are causally related to financial or prosocial biases toward them is weak or nonexistent. Consistent with evolutionary explanations, biases in favor of attractive women appear to be more consistent or stronger than those in favor of attractive men, and biases are more consistently reported in interactions between opposite-sex than same-sex individuals. Evolutionary explanations also account for increased prosocial behavior in situations in which attractive individuals are simply bystanders. Finally, evolutionary explanations are consistent with the psychological, physiological, and behavioral changes that occur when individuals are exposed to potential mates, which facilitate the expression of courtship behavior and increase the probability of occurrence of mating. Therefore, multiple lines of evidence suggest that mating motives play a more important role in driving financial and prosocial biases toward attractive adults than previously recognized.
The preliminary study on the optimum moisture content of ultra-dry storage and its related chemicals in seeds from six crop species
Authors: Yan Min 
Published: June 2016

AbstractUltra-dry storage, storing orthodox seeds at ambient temperatures with moisture contents below 5%, can maintain seed viability for long periods with low input. Optimum moisture contents for ultra-dry storage exist and vary substantially among different seed lots due to their differences in desiccation tolerance, which is associated with the accumulation of protective compounds. To study the relationship between moisture contents of ultra-dry stored species, seed composition and the free-radical scavenging activity (FRSA). Eleven seed lots of maize, wheat, pepper, peanut, Chinese cabbage, and cucumber were chosen and multiple stepwise regression analysis was applied. In general, analysis of the seed lots revealed that optimum moisture contents for highest seed viability are below equilibrium moisture at 13% relative humidity and 20°C. Nevertheless, seed composition differed significantly among species. Lipids, flavonoids and the FRSA were significantly negatively correlated with the optimum moisture content of ultra-dry stored whole seeds and accounted for 97.7% of the total variation in the optimum moisture content. Lipids had the highest effect (90.0%) on the optimum moisture content of ultra-dry storage, which is consistent with the previous results. The FRSA and flavonoids accounted for 4.8 and 2.9% of total variation of optimum moisture content of ultra-dry stored whole seeds, respectively. The FRSA and flavonoids were also significantly negatively correlated with the optimum moisture content for non-lipid fraction of ultra-dry stored seeds, and accounted for 74.1 and 15.3% of the total variation in the optimum moisture content, respectively.
Effects induced by living mulch on rhizosphere interactions in organic artichoke: The cultivar's adaptive strategy
Authors: Trinchera A. , Testani E. , Ciaccia C. , Campanelli G. , Leteo F. , Canali S. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe plant root apparatus and the surrounding micro-environment is strongly influenced by specific abiotic and biotic conditions which occur in the plant rhizosphere system. The hypothesis of the reported research was that, in an organically managed horticultural system, the use of living mulch (LM) promotes the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) colonization among neighboring roots, because of the coexistence of different plants roots in confined soil spaces. This effect determines nutrient uptake optimization, although roots belong to different plant species. In the reported 2-yr field experiment (2012–2013), two Italian artichoke cultivars [Cynara cardunculusL. var.scolymus(L.),Jesinocv. andMazzaferratacv.] were intercropped with a LM mixture of plant species and compared with a no LM control. Every year, the effect of LM on artichoke root morphology and AMF colonization was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, in order to assess abiotic and biotic rhizosphere interactions, as affected by artichoke cultivars. Also the artichoke yield, the soil available phosphorus (P) and rhizosphere P were determined. Results showed that the LM did not reduce yield of both the artichoke cultivars, when compared with the no LM ones. Furthermore, LM has: (i) induced structural changes in artichoke roots by proliferation of root hairs resulting in an increase of effective absorbing surface; (ii) promoted the rhizosphere mycorrhizal infection which improved P uptake. The modified rhizosphere interactions were found to be cultivar-dependent, being recorded only inJesinoartichoke.
In vivo imaging of clock gene expression in multiple tissues of freely moving mice
Authors: Hamada Toshiyuki , Sutherland Kenneth , Ishikawa Masayori , Miyamoto Naoki , Honma Sato , Shirato Hiroki , Honma Ken-ichi 
Published: June 2016

AbstractClock genes are expressed throughout the body, although how they oscillate in unrestrained animals is not known. Here, we show an in vivo imaging technique that enables long-term simultaneous imaging of multiple tissues. We use dual-focal 3D tracking and signal-intensity calibration to follow gene expression in a target area. We measure circadian rhythms of clock genes in the olfactory bulb, right and left ears and cortices, and the skin. In addition, the kinetic relationship between gene expression and physiological responses to experimental cues is monitored. Under stable conditions gene expression is in phase in all tissues. In response to a long-duration light pulse, the olfactory bulb shifts faster than other tissues. In Cry1−/−Cry2−/− arrhythmic mice circadian oscillation is absent in all tissues. Thus, our system successfully tracks circadian rhythms in clock genes in multiple tissues in unrestrained mice.
Palladium/N-heterocyclic carbene catalysed regio and diastereoselective reaction of ketones with allyl reagents via inner-sphere mechanism
Authors: Bai Da-Chang , Yu Fei-Le , Wang Wan-Ying , Chen Di , Li Hao , Liu Qing-Rong , Ding Chang-Hua , Chen Bo , Hou Xue-Long 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe palladium-catalysed allylic substitution reaction is one of the most important reactions in transition-metal catalysis and has been well-studied in the past decades. Most of the reactions proceed through an outer-sphere mechanism, affording linear products when monosubstituted allyl reagents are used. Here, we report an efficient Palladium-catalysed protocol for reactions of β-substituted ketones with monosubstituted allyl substrates, simply by using N-heterocyclic carbene as ligand, leading to branched products with up to three contiguous stereocentres in a (syn, anti)-mode with excellent regio and diastereoselectivities. The scope of the protocol in organic synthesis has been examined preliminarily. Mechanistic studies by both experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the reaction proceeds via an inner-sphere mechanism—nucleophilic attack of enolate oxygen on Palladium followed by C–C bond-forming [3,3’]-reductive elimination.
Circulating tumour DNA profiling reveals heterogeneity of EGFR inhibitor resistance mechanisms in lung cancer patients
Authors: Chabon Jacob J. , Simmons Andrew D. , Lovejoy Alexander F. , Esfahani Mohammad S. , Newman Aaron M. , Haringsma Henry J. , Kurtz David M. , Stehr Henning , Scherer Florian , Karlovich Chris A. , Harding Thomas C. , Durkin Kathleen A. , Otterson Gregory A. , Purcell W. Thomas , Camidge D. Ross , Goldman Jonathan W. , Sequist Lecia V. , Piotrowska Zofia , Wakelee Heather A. , Neal Joel W. , Alizadeh Ash A. , Diehn Maximilian 
Published: June 2016

AbstractCirculating tumour DNA (ctDNA) analysis facilitates studies of tumour heterogeneity. Here we employ CAPP-Seq ctDNA analysis to study resistance mechanisms in 43 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with the third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor rociletinib. We observe multiple resistance mechanisms in 46% of patients after treatment with first-line inhibitors, indicating frequent intra-patient heterogeneity. Rociletinib resistance recurrently involves MET, EGFR, PIK3CA, ERRB2, KRAS and RB1. We describe a novel EGFR L798I mutation and find that EGFR C797S, which arises in ∼33% of patients after osimertinib treatment, occurs in <3% after rociletinib. Increased MET copy number is the most frequent rociletinib resistance mechanism in this cohort and patients with multiple pre-existing mechanisms (T790M and MET) experience inferior responses. Similarly, rociletinib-resistant xenografts develop MET amplification that can be overcome with the MET inhibitor crizotinib. These results underscore the importance of tumour heterogeneity in NSCLC and the utility of ctDNA-based resistance mechanism assessment.
DELLA-mediated PIF degradation contributes to coordination of light and gibberellin signalling in Arabidopsis
Authors: Li Kunlun , Yu Renbo , Fan Liu-Min , Wei Ning , Chen Haodong , Deng Xing Wang 
Published: June 2016

AbstractLight and gibberellins (GAs) antagonistically regulate hypocotyl elongation in plants. It has been demonstrated that DELLAs, which are negative regulators of GA signalling, inhibit phytochrome-interacting factors 3 and 4 (PIF3 and PIF4) by sequestering their DNA-recognition domains. However, it is unclear whether there are other mechanisms of regulatory crosstalk between DELLAs and PIFs. Here, we demonstrate that DELLAs negatively regulate the abundance of four PIF proteins through the ubiquitin–proteasome system. Reduction of PIF3 protein abundance by DELLAs correlates closely with reduced hypocotyl elongation. Both sequestration and degradation of PIF3 by DELLAs contribute to a reduction in PIF3 binding to its target genes. Thus, we show that promotion of PIF degradation by DELLAs is required to coordinate light and GA signals, and the dual regulation of transcription factors by DELLAs by both sequestration and degradation may be a general mechanism.
Plasma optical modulators for intense lasers
Authors: Yu Lu-Le , Zhao Yao , Qian Lie-Jia , Chen Min , Weng Su-Ming , Sheng Zheng-Ming , Jaroszynski D. A. , Mori W. B. , Zhang Jie 
Published: June 2016

AbstractOptical modulators can have high modulation speed and broad bandwidth, while being compact. However, these optical modulators usually work for low-intensity light beams. Here we present an ultrafast, plasma-based optical modulator, which can directly modulate high-power lasers with intensity up to 1016 W cm−2 to produce an extremely broad spectrum with a fractional bandwidth over 100%, extending to the mid-infrared regime in the low-frequency side. This concept relies on two co-propagating laser pulses in a sub-millimetre-scale underdense plasma, where a drive laser pulse first excites an electron plasma wave in its wake while a following carrier laser pulse is modulated by the plasma wave. The laser and plasma parameters suitable for the modulator to work are based on numerical simulations.
In-depth comparative transcriptome analysis of intestines of red swamp crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, infected with WSSV
Authors: Du Zhiqiang , Jin Yanhui , Ren Daming 
Published: June 2016

AbstractCrayfish has become one of the most important farmed aquatic species in China due to its excellent disease resistance against bacteria and viruses. However, the antiviral mechanism of crayfish is still not very clear. In the present study, many high-quality sequence reads from crayfish intestine were obtained using Illumina-based transcriptome sequencing. For the normal group (GN), 44,600,142 high-quality clean reads were randomly assembled to produce 125,394 contigs. For the WSSV-challenged group (GW), 47,790,746 high-quality clean reads were randomly assembled to produce 148,983 contigs. After GO annotation, 39,482 unigenes were annotated into three ontologies: biological processes, cellular components and molecular functions. In addition, 15,959 unigenes were mapped to 25 different COG categories. Moreover, 7,000 DEGs were screened out after a comparative analysis between the GN and GW samples, which were mapped into 250 KEGG pathways. Among these pathways, 36 were obviously changed (P-values < 0.05) and 28 pathways were extremely significantly changed (P-values < 0.01). Finally, five key DEGs involved in the JAK-STAT signaling pathway were chosen for qRT-PCR. The results showed that these five DEGs were obviously up-regulated at 36 h post WSSV infection in crayfish intestine. These results provide new insight into crayfish antiviral immunity mechanisms.
Curcumin inhibits HIV-1 by promoting Tat protein degradation
Authors: Ali Amjad , Banerjea Akhil C. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractHIV-1 Tat is an intrinsically unfolded protein playing a pivotal role in viral replication by associating with TAR region of viral LTR. Unfolded proteins are degraded by 20S proteasome in an ubiquitin independent manner. Curcumin is known to activate 20S proteasome and promotes the degradation of intrinsically unfolded p53 tumor suppressor protein. Since HIV-1 Tat protein is largerly unfolded, we hypothesized that Tat may also be targeted through this pathway. Curcumin treated Tat transfected HEK-293T cells showed a dose and time dependent degradation of Tat protein. Contrary to this HIV-1 Gag which is a properly folded protein, remained unaffected with curcumin. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that curcumin treatment did not affect Tat gene transcription. Curcumin increased the rate of Tat protein degradation as shown by cycloheximide (CHX) chase assay. Degradation of the Tat protein is accomplished through proteasomal pathway as proteasomal inhibitor MG132 blocked Tat degradation. Curcumin also decreased Tat mediated LTR promoter transactivation and inhibited virus production from HIV-1 infected cells. Taken together our study reveals a novel observation that curcumin causes potent degradation of Tat which may be one of the major mechanisms behind its anti HIV activity.
Distinct properties of proteases and nucleases in the gut, salivary gland and saliva of southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula
Authors: Lomate Purushottam R. , Bonning Bryony C. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractStink bugs negatively impact numerous plant species of agricultural and horticultural importance. While efforts to develop effective control measures are underway, the unique digestive physiology of these pests presents a significant hurdle for either protein- or nucleotide-based management options. Here we report the comparative biochemical and proteomic characterization of proteases and nucleases from the gut, salivary gland and saliva of the southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula. The pH optimum for protease activity was acidic (5 to 6) in the gut with the primary proteases being cysteine proteases and alkaline (8 to 9) in the saliva and salivary gland with the primary proteases being serine proteases. The serine proteases in saliva differ biochemically from trypsin and chymotrypsin and the cathepsins in the gut and saliva showed distinct properties in inhibitor assays. Nuclease activity (DNase, RNase, dsRNase) was concentrated in the salivary gland and saliva with negligible activity in the gut. The most abundant proteins of the gut (530) and salivary gland (631) identified by proteomic analysis included four gut proteases along with eight proteases and one nuclease from the salivary gland. Understanding of N. viridula digestive physiology will facilitate the design of new strategies for management of this significant pest.