bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fostering self‐directed learning in blended learning environments: A constructivist perspective in Higher Education
Authors: Adigun Olufemi Timothy , Mpofu Nhlanhla , Maphalala Mncedisi Christian 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHigher education (HE) is considered to be the apex of all educational endeavours. Therefore, it is expected that student in various institutions of higher learning should be self‐motivated for individualized synchronous and asynchronous learning. Lamentably, it seems that such expectation within the HE spaced is yet to be achieved. While stakeholders in HE are in search for an approach to ensure that students have sufficient self‐directed learning (SDL) capacities needed for blended learning (BL), this article advance and propose the use of the constructivist framework to foster SDL to ensure that students develop their own understanding of learning, its meaning according to the context, and the ways to acquire it using BL as a mediator. Using the constructivist theory as a theoretical lens, we proposed the use of a three‐ring‐drag‐in approach as a model to fostering SDL among students in various institutions of higher learning. We, therefore encourage the adoption or adaptability of the three‐ring‐drag‐in approach as it promise to address and resolve the concerns and agitation of enthronement of SDL among students within the HE spaces.
CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated knockout of the abdominal‐B homeotic gene in the global pest, fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda)
Authors: Liu Xiao‐Guang , Zhao Te , Qiu Qi‐Qi , Wang Cong‐Ke , Li Tian‐Liang , Liu Xiao‐Long , Wang Li , Wang Qin‐Qin , Zhou Lin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe Homeotic complex (Hox) genes play a crucial role in determining segment identity and appendage morphology in bilaterian animals along the antero‐posterior axis. Recent studies have expanded to agricultural pests such as fall armyworm (FAW), scientifically known as Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), which significantly threatens global agricultural productivity. However, the specific role of the hox gene Sfabd‐B in FAW remains unexplored. This research investigates the spatial and temporal expression patterns of Sfabd‐B in various tissues at different developmental stages using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). Additionally, we explored the potential function of the Sfabd‐B gene located in the FAW genome using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. The larval mutant phenotypes can be classified into three subgroups as compared with wild‐type individuals, that is, an excess of pedis in the posterior abdomen, deficient pedis due to segmental fusion and deviations in the posterior abdominal segments. Importantly, significant differences in mutant phenotypes between male and female individuals were also evident during the pupal and adult phases. Notably, both the decapentaplegic (dpp) and cuticular protein 12 (cp 12) genes displayed a substantial marked decrease in expression levels in the copulatory organ of male mutants and the ovipositor of female mutants compared with the wild type. These findings highlight the importance of Sfabd‐B in genital tract patterning, providing a potential target for improving genetic control.
Factors Influencing Adherence to Phototherapy in Patients With Psoriasis: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Iborra‐Palau Elena Violeta , Garcia‐Redondo Elena , Alabau‐Dasi Raquel 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTAimsAssess the level of adherence to phototherapy and determine what factors influence it.DesignCross‐sectional.MethodsThis study included a convenience sampling of 72 patients with psoriasis undergoing phototherapy. Data were collected through a self‐reported questionnaire with sociodemographic variables, the Goldberg Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Short Form Health Survey and the Dermatology Life Quality Index. Adherence to the treatment and its ending was measured through a session record.ResultsA small percentage of the participants demonstrated adequate adherence, and nearly half of them had low adherence. The factors statistically significant and with a negative impact on adherence were as follows: having a partner, experiencing anxiety or depression or using public transportation to get to the hospital. The probability of not adhering to the treatment increased when: patients found it difficult to attend therapy; perceiving their mental and physical health as being worse; experiencing anxiety or depression; having a diagnosed mental illness; being a man; or having had the sickness for an extended period of time.ConclusionThis study determined the level of adherence to phototherapy and advanced our understanding of this variable. Women exhibited higher levels of adherence compared to men, although they reported worse perceived mental and physical health, and the disease had a higher impact on their life.Implications for the Profession and/or Patient CareInforming phototherapy nurses on the factors that impact treatment adherence may help to increase the treatment compliance, which may improve psoriasis patients' clinical symptoms.ImpactIncrease the body of knowledge about the treatment that phototherapy nurses administer.Reporting MethodSTORBE guidelines.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
GhCASPL1 regulates secondary cell wall thickening in cotton fibers by stabilizing the cellulose synthase complex on the plasma membrane
Authors: Zhang Li , Wen Xingpeng , Chen Xin , Zhou Yifan , Wang Kun , Zhu Yuxian 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTCotton (Gossypium hirsutum) fibers are elongated single cells that rapidly accumulate cellulose during secondary cell wall (SCW) thickening, which requires cellulose synthase complex (CSC) activity. Here, we describe the CSC‐interacting factor CASPARIAN STRIP MEMBRANE DOMAIN‐LIKE1 (GhCASPL1), which contributes to SCW thickening by influencing CSC stability on the plasma membrane. GhCASPL1 is preferentially expressed in fiber cells during SCW biosynthesis and encodes a MARVEL domain protein. The ghcaspl1 ghcaspl2 mutant exhibited reduced plant height and produced mature fibers with fewer natural twists, lower tensile strength, and a thinner SCW compared to the wild type. Similarly, the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) caspl1 caspl2 double mutant showed a lower cellulose content and thinner cell walls in the stem vasculature than the wild type but normal plant morphology. Introducing the cotton gene GhCASPL1 successfully restored the reduced cellulose content of the Arabidopsis caspl1 caspl2 mutant. Detergent treatments, ultracentrifugation assays, and enzymatic assays showed that the CSC in the ghcaspl1 ghcaspl2 double mutant showed reduced membrane binding and decreased enzyme activity compared to the wild type. GhCASPL1 binds strongly to phosphatidic acid (PA), which is present in much higher amounts in thickening fiber cells compared to ovules and leaves. Mutating the PA‐binding site in GhCASPL1 resulted in the loss of its colocalization with GhCesA8, and it failed to localize to the plasma membrane. PA may alter membrane structure to facilitate protein–protein interactions, suggesting that GhCASPL1 and PA collaboratively stabilize the CSC. Our findings shed light on CASPL functions and the molecular machinery behind SCW biosynthesis in cotton fibers.
Age‐ and size‐related changes in hind limb muscles in two baboon species (Papio anubis and P. papio)
Authors: Herrel Anthony , Theil Jean‐Christophe , Faure Léon , Druelle François , Berillon Gilles 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBody size has an impact on all biological functions and analyzing how body size impacts functional traits such as locomotion is critical. Body size does not only vary across species but also during ontogeny. Indeed, juvenile animals are often at a competitive disadvantage due to their smaller absolute size. Consequently, understanding size‐ and age‐related changes in the locomotor system is critical for our understanding of adult phenotypes. Here, we address this question by exploring growth of the hind limb muscles in two species of closely related baboons that differ in their ecology, the olive baboon, Papio Anubis, the Guinea baboon, and Papio papio. To do so, we dissected 40 P. anubis and 10 P. papio and measured the mass and physiological cross‐sectional area (PCSA) of the hind limb muscles. Our results showed no sexual differences in size‐ or age‐related growth patterns, but did show differences between species. Whereas the scaling of muscle mass and PCSA was largely isometric in P. anubis, allometric scaling was more common in P. papio. Despite these differences between species, the knee extensors and external rotators at the knee scaled with positive allometry in both species highlighting their important role during adult locomotion. Although life‐history data for P. papio are scarce, we suggest that differences between species may be associated with differences in adult body size and age of locomotor independence between species.
Sufi Warriorism in Muslim Southeast Asia
Authors: Aljunied Khairudin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSufism (tasawwuf) has been characterized in the extant literature as a pacifist strand in Islam that has shaped the landscapes of Muslim Southeast Asia (also known as the Malay World) since the last five hundred years. This article challenges such historiographical interpretation by examining the multifarious circumstances that motivated Sufis to invoke jihad (struggle) and perang sabil (holy war) in many junctures of the region's past in pursuit of imperial, ideological, material, and communal interests. Using a set of illustrative vignettes spanning a few centuries, this article positions “Sufi warriorism” as a useful concept for scholars to make sense of a variety of aggressive actions carried out by Sufis. It further proposes a typology that demonstrates how the three main expressions of Sufi warriorism—protagonist, protectionist, and purist—were instrumental in shaping the careers of states and societies in Muslim Southeast Asia.
A Kaleckian growth model with public capital and debt accumulation
Authors: Nishi Hiroshi , Okuma Kazuhiro 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe develop a three‐dimensional Kaleckian growth model that incorporates public capital, labour productivity growth, and government debt accumulation, and present three main findings. First, a positive labour productivity growth rate and the Domar condition are essential for a stable, steady state. Second, a proactive fiscal stance promotes economic growth and capital composition. Finally, in the wage‐led growth regime, a pro‐labour income distribution boosts economic growth and capital composition while reducing the government debt ratio, whereas in the profit‐led growth regime, a pro‐capital income distribution increases economic growth, capital composition, and the government debt ratio.
Trends of bone mineral density and bone quality in a paediatric kidney transplant recipient: A case report
Authors: Aoyagi Jun , Kanai Takahiro , Ito Takane , Saito Takashi , Betsui Hiroyuki , Kurosaki Masanori , Maru Tomomi , Ono Marika , Tajima Toshihiro 
Published: September 2024

AbstractKidney transplant (KT) requires long‐term glucocorticoid (GC) treatment against acute and/or chronic rejection. Glucocorticoid‐induced osteoporosis (GIOP) is one of the major concerns in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). Therefore, it is essential to accumulate GIOP data from paediatric KTRs to aid in their healthy growth. A serial observational study of bone strength was carried out in an 8‐year‐old girl with bilateral hypoplastic kidney who underwent ABO‐compatible living‐donor KT and GC treatment over 2 years. Bone strength was evaluated by bone mineral density (BMD) and serum bone turnover markers (BTMs), including serum alkaline phosphatase (S‐ALP), serum tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase 5b (S‐TRACP‐5b), and serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin (S‐ucOC). All the levels of BTMs and BMD from 1 M to 4 M remained lower than the levels at 0 months (0 M: baseline). After gradual reduction of GC dose (4 M–24 M), S‐ALP levels increased from baseline and S‐TRACP‐5b levels remained lower than the baseline level, but BMD recovered to baseline and increased. The S‐ucOC levels did not increase from baseline. The patient's height growth velocity SDS was +3.99 for 23 months, and no fracture occurred during this observation period. A consistent, predominantly formative state of bone, which maintained higher S‐ALP levels and lower S‐TRACP‐5b levels compared to baseline, could contribute to increased BMD. In addition, no increase in S‐ucOC levels from baseline could be associated with no deterioration of bone strength. This case suggests that measurement of BMD and, S‐ALP, TRACP‐5b and ucOC could be useful for evaluating the trend on bone strength in a paediatric KTR.
Germline Variants in Patients Affected by Both Uveal and Cutaneous Melanoma
Authors: Johansson Peter A. , Palmer Jane M. , McGrath Lindsay , Warrier Sunil , Hamilton Hayley R. , Beckman Timothy , D'Mellow Matthew G. , Brooks Kelly M. , Glasson William , Hayward Nicholas K. , Pritchard Antonia L. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTUveal melanoma (UM) and nonacral cutaneous melanoma (CM) are distinct entities with varied genetic landscapes despite both arising from melanocytes. There are, however, similarities in that they most frequently affect people of European ancestry, and high penetrance germline variants in BAP1, POT1 and CDKN2A have been shown to predispose to both UM and CM. This study aims to further explore germline variants in patients affected by both UM and CM, shedding light on the underlying genetic mechanism causing these diseases. Using exome sequencing we analysed germline DNA samples from a cohort of 83 Australian patients diagnosed with both UM and CM. Eight (10%) patients were identified that carried pathogenic mutations in known melanoma predisposition genes POT1, MITF, OCA2, SLC45A2 and TYR. Three (4%) patients carried pathogenic variants in genes previously linked with other cancer syndromes (ATR, BRIP1 and MSH6) and another three cases carried monoallelic pathogenic variants in recessive cancer genes (xeroderma pigmentosum and Fanconi anaemia), indicating that reduced penetrance of phenotype in these individuals may contribute to the development of both UM and CM. These findings highlight the need for further studies characterising the role of these genes in melanoma susceptibility.
SEA Alleviates Hepatic Ischaemia–Reperfusion Injury by Promoting M2 Macrophage Polarisation
Authors: Xie Shudong , Guo Chen , Zhang Pengpeng , Li Junhui , Zhang Yu , Zhou Chen , Fan Xiaofei , Ming Yingzi 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTHepatic ischaemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury is a frequent and nearly inevitable pathophysiological process without widely accepted effective therapy. Soluble egg antigen (SEA) of Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum) is the main mediators capable of regulating immunological activities and has received increased attention in immune‐mediated diseases. But its role in hepatic I/R injury has not been well defined. This study aimed to elucidate whether SEA protects liver against hepatic I/R injury and explore underlying mechanism. After intraperitoneal injecting SEA three times a week for 4 weeks, mice underwent 70% hepatic I/R injury. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), haematoxylin–eosin (HE) and TdT‐mediated dUTP nick‐end labelling (TUNEL) staining were used to evaluate liver injury. The severity related to the inflammatory response was also investigated. Furthermore, immunofluorescence was used to detect macrophage polarisation. Compared with the hepatic I/R injury group, SEA pretreatment significantly alleviated hepatic I/R injury induced liver damage, apoptosis and inflammatory. Interestingly, SEA enhanced the polarisation of macrophages towards M2 macrophages in vivo. We are the first to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of S. japonicum SEA in a hepatic I/R injury model in mice. We provided the first direct evidence that SEA attenuated hepatic I/R injury by promoting M2 macrophage polarisation.
Generation of Devil Facial Tumour Cells Co‐Expressing MHC With CD80, CD86 or 41BBL to Enhance Tumour Immunogenicity
Authors: Ong Chrissie E. B. , Lyons A. Bruce , Woods Gregory M. , Flies Andrew S. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules play an integral role in the adaptive immune response to transmissible cancers through tumour antigen presentation and recognition of allogeneic MHC molecules. The transmissible devil facial tumours 1 and 2 (DFT1 and DFT2) modulate MHC‐I antigen presentation to evade host immune responses and facilitate transmission of tumours cells to new Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii) hosts. To enhance T‐cell‐driven tumour immunogenicity for vaccination and immunotherapy, DFT1 and DFT2 cells were co‐transfected with (i) NLRC5 for MHC‐I expression or CIITA for MHC‐I and MHC‐II expression, and (ii) a co‐stimulatory molecule, either CD80, CD86 or 41BBL. The co‐transfected DFT cells presented enhanced expression of MHC‐I and/or MHC‐II. As few devil‐specific monoclonal antibodies exist, we used recombinant CTLA4 and 41BB fused to a fluorescent protein to confirm expression of cell surface CD80, CD86 and 41BBL. The capacity for these cells to induce T‐cell responses including PD1 and IFNG expression was evaluated in in vitro co‐culture assays with captive devil peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Although PBMC viability had increased, there was no evidence of enhanced T‐cell activation. This system can be used to identify additional factors required to promote activation of naïve devil T‐cells in vitro.
An argument for moral evidentialism
Authors: Weber Marc Andree 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMoral evidentialism is the view that one ought morally to believe only what is suggested by the evidence at one's disposal. As announced in the title, an argument for (a slightly restricted version of) this view is presented. The argument crucially relies on two specific links between belief and assertion, namely that one should not believe what one must not assert, and that one must not assert what is not suggested by the evidence at one's disposal. In both cases, the normativity involved is moral. The links are established, and it is shown how to deal with seemingly apparent counterexamples.
Foreknowledge and causal determinism
Authors: Fischer John Martin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractI evaluate Patrick Todd's critique of the idea accepted by many, including (in contemporary philosophy) Nelson Pike and John Martin Fischer, that there can be non‐causal constraints on human actions (including basic actions). I suggest that Todd's critical reflections, although illuminating, are not persuasive. I defend non‐causal constraints in part by putting forward an interpretation of the intuitive idea of the fixity of the past following Carl Ginet: our freedom is the power to add to the given past.
Dissociation of Drosophila Evi‐Wg Complex Occurs Post Apical Internalization in the Maturing Acidic Endosomes
Authors: Sharma Satyam , Chaudhary Varun 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTSignaling pathways activated by secreted Wnt ligands play an essential role in tissue development and the progression of diseases, like cancer. Secretion of the lipid‐modified Wnt proteins is tightly regulated by a repertoire of intracellular factors. For instance, a membrane protein, Evi, interacts with the Wnt ligand in the ER, and it is essential for its further trafficking and release in the extracellular space. After dissociating from the Wnt, the Wnt‐unbound Evi is recycled back to the ER via Golgi. However, where in this trafficking path Wnt proteins dissociate from Evi remains unclear. Here, we have used the Drosophila wing epithelium to trace the route of the Evi‐Wg (Wnt homolog) complex leading up to their separation. In these polarized cells, Wg is first trafficked to the apical surface; however, the secretion of Wg is believed to occurs post‐internalization via recycling. Our results show that the Evi‐Wg complex is internalized from the apical surface and transported to the retromer‐positive endosomes. Furthermore, using antibodies that specifically label the Wnt‐unbound Evi, we show that Evi and Wg separation occurs post‐internalization in the acidic endosomes. These results refine our understanding of the polarized trafficking of Wg and highlight the importance of Wg endocytosis in its secondary secretion.
A descriptive ultrasonographic and histological evaluation of the eyes of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae)
Authors: Pavanelli Larissa , Ikeda Joana Midori Penalva , Colosio Adriana Castaldo , da Cunha Ramos Hernani Gomes , Montiani‐Ferreira Fabiano , Estrela‐Lima Alessandra , Silva Danielle Nascimento , Muramoto Caterina , Oriá Arianne Pontes 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo describe morphological features of Megaptera novaeangliae eyes using ultrasonography and histology.Animal StudiedA total of 21 globes from 19 M. novaeangliae were used for the study, including two animals with bilateral assessment. Nine stranded animals were found alive, 10 dead.ProceduresCarcasses were classified according to decomposition state. Globes were assessed ultrasonographically, biometric measurements were taken and then the tissues were sectioned for histological analysis.ResultsSeventeen carcasses were classified as decomposition code 2 and two as code 3. Fifteen animals were calves, three juveniles and one adult, twelve males, and five females. The cornea was thinner in the center of the eye and thicker at the periphery. The lens had an oval shape. Fourteen animals showed a structure in the vitreous body which looked triangular and filamentous by ultrasonography and, histologically, originated in the central part of the optic nerve and extended to the posterior region of the lens, composed of connective tissue. The most common abnormalities found by ultrasonograph were retinal detachment (n = 13) and displacement of the lens into the vitreous (n = 4), along with alterations suggestive of hemorrhage, fibrin deposits, and increased echogenicity in the optic nerve (n = 2).ConclusionsAn intraocular structure not previously described in cetaceans was found in this investigation; its function remains unknown. Circulatory changes that were evident in the histopathological analysis may be due to the stranding process and raise the need to consider ophthalmic examinations before reintroducing stranded mysticetes.