bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intraoperative navigation in robotically assisted compartmental surgery of uterine cancer by visualisation of embryologically derived lymphatic networks with indocyanine‐green (ICG)
Authors: Kimmig Rainer , Aktas Bahriye , Buderath Paul , Rusch Peter , Heubner Martin 
Published: January 2016

Background and ObjectivesTo evaluate feasibility of intraoperative visualization of embryologically defined organ compartments and their drainage by ICG in uterine cancer.MethodsTotal of 2.5 mg of ICG have been injected into cervix or corpus in uterine cancer patients immediately prior to surgery. Green fluorescence was intermittently detected during robotically assisted laparoscopic surgery (Firefly System®, Intuitve Surgical Inc.). Total of 36 patients with uterine cancer without macroscopically suspicious nodes were evaluated with respect to their compartmental lymphatic network, collecting lymphatic vessels, and the connection to the postponed lymph basins.ResultsMüllerian (sub) compartment and transport of lymph fluid along the lymphatic collectors and connecting vessels to the postponed lymph basins could be visualized invariably in all patients. Cervix drained along the ligamentous and caudal part of vascular mesometria, whereas midcorporal and fundal drainage occurred along the upper part of vascular mesometria and along the mesonephric pathway along the ovarian vessels.ConclusionsVisualization of lymphatic network and downstream flow of lymphatic fluid to the postponed lymph basins by ICG is feasible; it can be used to navigate along compartment boarders for education, intraoperative orientation, and quality control. It seems to confirm the compartmental order of pelvic organ systems and postponed lymph basins. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;113:554–559. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Role of adrenal vein sampling in primary aldosteronism: Impact of imaging, localization, and age
Authors: Wachtel Heather , Zaheer Salman , Shah Parth K. , Trerotola Scott O. , Karakousis Giorgos C. , Roses Robert E. , Cohen Debbie L. , Fraker Douglas L. 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundThe role of adrenal vein sampling (AVS) has been debated, with some authorities advocating selective use in younger patients (≤40 years), and those localized by preoperative imaging. We examined our experience to determine the impact of AVS in patients who routinely underwent AVS with a high success rate.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was performed using a prospectively maintained database of patients referred for evaluation of PA (1997–2013). Patients were classified as localized (L) if a unilateral mass was identified on imaging, and non‐localized (NL) otherwise.ResultsOf 367 patients, 94% (n = 345) underwent successful AVS. Seventy‐two percent (n = 265) were L; AVS was lateralizing 58% (n = 214). AVS changed management in 43% of patients (n = 158). In patients ≤40 years, AVS changed management in 30% (n = 15). In patients ≤40 years with a ≥1 cm adrenal mass, 12% (n = 3) would have undergone unnecessary surgery based on imaging results alone; in patients >40 years with a ≥1 cm adrenal mass, 3% (n = 5) would have undergone wrong‐side surgery, and 30% (n = 50) would have undergone unnecessary surgery based on imaging.ConclusionAVS changed management in a significant minority of patients regardless of age and imaging findings. AVS should be routinely recommended in all patients with PA, to direct operative therapy. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;113:532–537. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Maternal body mass index before pregnancy is associated with increased bronchodilator dispensing in early childhood: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: MacDonald Kelvin D. , Vesco Kimberly K. , Funk Kristine L. , Donovan Jerena , Nguyen Thuan , Chen Zunqiu , Lapidus Jodi A. , Stevens Victor J. , McEvoy Cindy T. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryRationaleMaternal prepregnancy obesity has been associated with early wheeze and childhood asthma in their offspring. Some of these studies have been in minority, urban, and disadvantaged populations using parental recall and questionnaires. The association of maternal prepregnancy obesity with bronchodilator dispensing to their offspring, in a primarily insured, non‐urban, White population in the United States is unknown.Objectives and MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study using pharmacy dispensing data from the electronic medical records of a large United States health maintenance organization to examine the relationship between maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and inhaled bronchodilator dispensing in the offspring to 4 years of age. We included infants ≥37 weeks' gestation with birth weight ≥2.5 kg which yielded 6,194 mother‐baby pairs. Maternal prepregnancy BMI was categorized as underweight (<18.5 kg/m2), normal (18.5−24.9 kg/m2), overweight (25−29.9 kg/m2), or obese (≥30 kg/m2).ResultsIn the entire cohort, 27.6% of the offspring received a bronchodilator dispensing. This ranged from 19.2% in the offspring of underweight mothers to 31.3% of those born to obese mothers. In the fully adjusted model using normal BMI as the referent, children of obese mothers had a 22% higher rate of bronchodilator dispensing (adjusted OR = 1.22; 95%CI 1.05–1.41; P = 0.008).ConclusionsIn this insured, non‐urban, White population, maternal prepregnancy obesity was associated with bronchodilator dispensing in the offspring in early life. These results extend previous data and reaffirm the potential widespread public health impact that prepregnancy obesity may have on subsequent childhood respiratory health. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2016;51:803–811. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Modeling of heat transfer processes in Ni2MnIn magnetic wires
Authors: Pavlukhina Oksana , Sokolovskiy Vladimir , Buchelnikov Vasiliy 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn this work, we study a heat transfer in the three‐dimensional magnetic cooling cell involving microwires of NiMnIn Heusler alloy. Thermophysical properties of microwires such as the heat capacity, magnetic part of entropy, and magnetocaloric effect were investigated by means of Monte Carlo simulations with parameters taken from ab initio calculations as input. The diameter of the magnetic wires was varied from 10 to 50 m while the length was fixed to 1 mm. The system is supplied a coolant water flow at a constant speed and temperature. We have shown that the cooling power depends on the magnetic wire thickness and the coolant flow rate. The relaxation times of the temperature of wires, the temperature distribution in the magnetic wires and coolant, as well as the velocity fields of a coolant in the cell were calculated.
What can molecular simulation do for global warming?
Authors: Tian Ziqi , Dai Sheng , Jiang De‐en 
Published: January 2016

Carbon capture is necessary to reduce CO2 emissions from burning fossil fuels, which has led to global warming. Molecular simulations offer chemical insights and design principles for new separation media and for understanding the separation process. In this review, we summarize recent applications of simulation methods from ab initio and density functional theory to classical molecular dynamics and Grand canonical Monte Carlo in understanding ionic liquids and porous carbonaceous materials for CO2 separation, especially the postcombustion CO2/N2 separation. We highlight design and simulation of the porous two‐dimensional (2D) materials as the highly selective membranes for CO2 separation. Simulated structure–property relationships for the materials are discussed in connection to the corresponding chemisorption, physisorption, or membrane process. In chemisorption, the focus is on reducing the heat of reaction with CO2; in physisorption, the key is to increase the binding strength via CO2‐philic groups; in membrane process, the key is to increase solubility for ionic‐liquid membranes and to control pore size for 2D materials. Challenges and opportunities for simulating emerging materials are also discussed. WIREs Comput Mol Sci 2016, 6:173–197. doi: 10.1002/wcms.1241This article is categorized under:

Structure and Mechanism > Computational Materials Science
Electronic Structure Theory > Density Functional Theory
Molecular and Statistical Mechanics > Molecular Interactions
Group IVB transition metal trichalcogenides: a new class of 2D layered materials beyond graphene
Authors: Dai Jun , Li Ming , Zeng Xiao Cheng 
Published: January 2016

The discovery of graphene, a single atomic layer of carbon in a hexagonal lattice, has invigorated enormous research interests in two‐dimensional (2D) layered materials and their one‐dimensional (1D) derivatives not only owing to their extraordinary physical and chemical properties but also their high potential for applications in electronic and photonic devices. A weakness of the graphene however is its lack of a bandgap—a prerequisite for building field‐effect transistors (FETs). A stream of new 2D layered materials have been developed over the past 5 years, including, among many others, silicene, phosphorene, and transition metal dichalcogenides. Monolayers of many of these 2D materials exhibit a bandgap, either direct or indirect. In 2015, a new class of 2D layered materials, namely, group‐IVB transition metal trichalcogenides (TMTCs), has been uncovered. A prototypical representative of this new class of 2D materials is TiS3 whose monolayer is predicted to possess a direct band gap of about 1 eV [close to that (1.17 eV) of bulk silicon], and relatively high carrier mobility. Isolation of the few‐layer TiS3 sheets and TiS3 nanoribbons via mechanical exfoliation has been realized in the laboratory in 2015. The modest 1‐eV band gap, relatively high carrier mobility, as well as high chemical stability in open air render TiS3 monolayer a promising 2D material for nanoelectronic and nanophotonic applications. In this study, we give an overview of the emerging area of 2D and 1D TMTC materials and suggest future research directions related to these novel materials. WIREs Comput Mol Sci 2016, 6:211–222. doi: 10.1002/wcms.1243This article is categorized under:

Structure and Mechanism > Computational Materials Science
The Stored-Program Universal Computer: Did Zuse Anticipate Turing and von Neumann?
Authors: Copeland B. Jack , Sommaruga Giovanni 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis chapter sets out the early history of the stored-program concept. The several distinct ‘onion skins’ making up the concept emerged slowly over a ten-year period, giving rise to a number of different programming paradigms. A notation is developed for describing different aspects of the stored-program concept. Theoretical contributions by Turing, Zuse, Eckert, Mauchly, and von Neumann are analysed, followed by a comparative study of the first practical implementations of stored-programming, at the Aberdeen Ballistic Research Laboratory in the US and the University Manchester in the UK. Turing’s concept of universality is also examined, and an assessment is provided of claims that various historic computers—including Babbage’s Analytical Engine, Flowers’ Colossus and Zuse’s Z3—were universal. The chapter begins with a discussion of the work of the great German pioneer of computing, Konrad Zuse.
Clinical analysis of retroperitoneoscopic nephroureterectomy for renal tuberculosis
Authors: Yan Min‐Bo , Lu Jing , Li Xiao‐Feng , Guo Zhen‐Yu 
Published: January 2016

AbstractObjectivesTo explore the feasibility and safety of retroperitoneoscopic nephroureterectomy for kidney tuberculosis.MethodsForty‐eight retroperitoneoscopic nephroureterectomies and thirty‐five nephroureterectomies for kidney tuberculosis procedures were performed from June 2008 to December 2014. The patients consisted of 53 males and 30 females with a mean age of 36 years (range: 26–51 years). The patients' data were reviewed and analyzed.ResultsThe retroperitoneoscopic nephroureterectomy procedures were completed successfully in 48 cases with no conversions to open surgery. The mean operating time was 170 minutes (range: 121–258 minutes), the mean blood loss was 110 ml (range: 70–250 ml), and the mean hospital stay was 5.70 days (range: 5–14 days); these were all much less than nephroureterectomy procedures (P < 0.05). A total of five minor complications (10.4%) occurred, injury to the peritoneum was observed in three patients, and infection at the incision site was observed in two patients, there were no obvious difference between the two surgical methods (P > 0.05). Seventy‐five patients were followed up, and the average follow‐up time was 12.5 months (range: 6–20 months). All the patients recovered without any lesions remaining.ConclusionsThe results of this study indicate that retroperitoneoscopic nephroureterectomy is a feasible, safe, effective, and less invasive treatment modality for treating renal tuberculosis.
Burnout syndrome among psychiatric trainees in 22 countries: Risk increased by long working hours, lack of supervision, and psychiatry not being first career choice
Authors: Jovanović N. , Podlesek A. , Volpe U. , Barrett E. , Ferrari S. , Rojnic Kuzman M. , Wuyts P. , Papp S. , Nawka A. , Vaida A. , Moscoso A. , Andlauer O. , Tateno M. , Lydall G. , Wong V. , Rujevic J. , Platz Clausen N. , Psaras R. , Delic A. , Losevich M.A. , Flegar S. , Crépin P. , Shmunk E. , Kuvshinov I. , Loibl-Weiß E. , Beezhold J. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundPostgraduate medical trainees experience high rates of burnout, but evidence regarding psychiatric trainees is missing. We aim to determine burnout rates among psychiatric trainees, and identify individual, educational and work-related factors associated with severe burnout.MethodsIn an online survey psychiatric trainees from 22 countries were asked to complete the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI-GS) and provide information on individual, educational and work-related parameters. Linear mixed models were used to predict the MBI-GS scores, and a generalized linear mixed model to predict severe burnout.ResultsThis is the largest study on burnout and training conditions among psychiatric trainees to date. Complete data were obtained from 1980 out of 7625 approached trainees (26%; range 17.8–65.6%). Participants were 31.9 (SD 5.3) years old with 2.8 (SD 1.9) years of training. Severe burnout was found in 726 (36.7%) trainees. The risk was higher for trainees who were younger (P < 0.001), without children (P = 0.010), and had not opted for psychiatry as a first career choice (P = 0.043). After adjustment for socio-demographic characteristics, years in training and country differences in burnout, severe burnout remained associated with long working hours (P < 0.001), lack of supervision (P < 0.001), and not having regular time to rest (P = 0.001). Main findings were replicated in a sensitivity analysis with countries with response rate above 50%.ConclusionsBesides previously described risk factors such as working hours and younger age, this is the first evidence of negative influence of lack of supervision and not opting for psychiatry as a first career choice on trainees’ burnout.
Relationship between body mass index and depression in women: A 7-year prospective cohort study. The APNA study
Authors: Martin-Rodriguez E. , Guillen-Grima F. , Aubá E. , Martí A. , Brugos-Larumbe A. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe association between body mass index (BMI) and depression is complex and controversial. The present study examined the relationship between BMI and new-onset depression during 7 years of follow-up in 20,212 adult women attending Primary Health Care Centres in Navarra, Spain.MethodsThe Atención Primaria de Navarra (APNA) study is a dynamic prospective cohort study. A total of 20,212 women aged 18–99 years (mean age: 50.7 ± 18.5 years) without depression at baseline were selected from 2004 to 2011. We estimated the incidence of depression. We used the Kaplan-Meier analysis to predict the survival curve. The risk of depression onset according to different measures of BMI at baseline was assessed using Cox regression analyses.ResultsDuring the 7 years of follow-up, depression appeared in 8.9% (95% CI 8.5–9.3). The highest rates of depression incidence at follow-up occurred in underweight and obese women (9.8% [95% CI 7.3–12.9] and 10.3% [95% CI 9.5–11.1] respectively). The distribution of depression incidence by weight category was U-shaped. The risk of depression increased over time with an observed Kaplan-Meier estimation of 6.67. After adjusting for age, underweight and obese women at baseline have increased risk of depression onset during the follow-up period compared with normal weight women (HR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.09–2.00 and HR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.01–1.29 respectively).ConclusionsIn this 7-year prospective study in the APNA women population, depression emerged in 8.9%. Being underweight or obese (not overweight) at baseline is significantly associated with future onset of depression.
The Survey of Pain Attitudes: A revised version of its pediatric form
Authors: Miró Jordi , Solé Ester , Castarlenas Elena , Jensen Mark P. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract

Background and aims
Valid and reliable measures of patients’ pain beliefs are needed by clinicians and researchers to better understand the efficacy and mechanisms of pain treatments. The objective of this work was to address this need by further developing the pediatric version of the Survey of Pain Attitudes (Peds-SOPA), one of the most commonly used measures of pain beliefs.

Methods
A convenience sample of three hundred and seven adolescents (mean age= 14.35; SD = 1.62; 59% girls) participated in the study. They rated the intensity of their worst pain experienced in the 3 months prior to the assessment and completed both the Functional Disability Inventory and a revised version of a pediatric version of the Survey of Pain Attitudes (Peds-SOPA-R).

Results
Factor analyses confirmed a seven-factor solution of the questionnaire, and the revised version demonstrated improvements in the internal consistency of several of the scales (values ranged between adequate and good: 0.71–0.87), except for the Medical Cure scale which showed an internal consistency value of 0.65. The results support the validity of the Peds-SOPA-R scale scores by showing, as predicted, positive relationships between beliefs thought to be maladaptive (e.g., the belief that one is unable to function because of pain) and pain intensity and disability, and negative relationships with beliefs thought to be adaptive (e.g., the belief that exercise is beneficial for pain management) and these criterion variables.

Conclusions
These findings will be helpful to researchers who wish to study the role that pain beliefs play in adjustment to pain in youth.

Implications
The results provide critical psychometric information about a revised version of one of the most used questionnaires to assess pain beliefs. The evidence presented will be helpful to researchers who want to study the role that pain beliefs play in adjustment to chronic pain in young people.
On the Kapitza instability and the generation of capillary waves
Authors: Dietze Georg F. 
Published: January 2016

We revisit the classical problem of a liquid film falling along a vertical wall due to the action of gravity, i.e. the Kapitza paradigm (Kapitza,Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz., vol. 18, 1948, pp. 3–28). The free surface of such a flow is typically deformed into a train of solitary pulses that consists of large asymmetric wave humps preceded by small precursory ripples, designated as ‘capillary waves’. We set out to answer four fundamental questions. (i) By what mechanism do the precursory ripples form? (ii) How can they travel at the same celerity as the large-amplitude main humps? (iii) Why are they designated as ‘capillary waves’? (iv) What determines their wavelength and number and why do they attenuate in space? Asymptotic expansion as well as direct numerical simulations and calculations with a low-dimensional integral boundary-layer model have yielded the following conclusions. (i) Precursory ripples form due to an inertia-based mechanism at the foot of the leading front of the main humps, where the local free-surface curvature is large. (ii) The celerity of capillary waves is matched to that of the large humps due to the action of surface tension, which speeds up the former and slows down the latter. (iii) They are justly designated as ‘capillary waves’ because their wavelength is systematically shorter than the visco-capillary cutoff wavelength of the Kapitza instability. Due to a nonlinear effect, namely that their celerity decreases with decreasing amplitude, they nonetheless attain/maintain a finite amplitude because of being continuously compressed by the pursuing large humps. (iv) The number and degree of compression of capillary waves is governed by the amplitude of the main wave humps as well as the Kapitza number. Large-amplitude main humps travel fast and strongly compress the capillary waves in order for these to speed up sufficiently. Also, the more pronounced the first capillary wave becomes, the more (spatially attenuating) capillary waves are needed to allow a smooth transition to the back of the next main hump. These effects are amplified by decreasing the Kapitza number, whereby, at very small values, streamwise viscous diffusion increasingly attenuates the amplitude of the capillary waves.
Combined use of real-time PCR and nested sequence-based typing in survey of humanLegionellainfection
Authors: QIN T. , ZHOU H. , REN H. , SHI W. , JIN H. , JIANG X. , XU Y. , ZHOU M. , LI J. , WANG J. , SHAO Z. , XU X. 
Published: January 2016

SUMMARYLegionnaires’ disease (LD) is a globally distributed systemic infectious disease. The burden of LD in many regions is still unclear, especially in Asian countries including China. A survey ofLegionellainfection using real-time PCR and nested sequence-based typing (SBT) was performed in two hospitals in Shanghai, China. A total of 265 bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) specimens were collected from hospital A between January 2012 and December 2013, and 359 sputum specimens were collected from hospital B throughout 2012. A total of 71 specimens were positive forLegionellaaccording to real-time PCR focusing on the 5S rRNA gene. Seventy of these specimens were identified asLegionella pneumophilaas a result of real-time PCR amplification of thedotA gene. Results of nested SBT revealed high genetic polymorphism in theseL. pneumophilaand ST1 was the predominant sequence type. These data revealed that the burden of LD in China is much greater than that recognized previously, and real-time PCR may be a suitable monitoring technology for LD in large sample surveys in regions lacking the economic and technical resources to perform other methods, such as urinary antigen tests and culture methods.
Nearing the cold-arid limits of microbial life in permafrost of an upper dry valley, Antarctica
Authors: Goordial Jacqueline , Davila Alfonso , Lacelle Denis , Pollard Wayne , Marinova Margarita M , Greer Charles W , DiRuggiero Jocelyn , McKay Christopher P , Whyte Lyle G 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Some of the coldest and driest permafrost soils on Earth are located in the high-elevation McMurdo Dry Valleys (MDVs) of Antarctica, but little is known about the permafrost microbial communities other than that microorganisms are present in these valleys. Here, we describe the microbiology and habitable conditions of highly unique dry and ice-cemented permafrost in University Valley, one of the coldest and driest regions in the MDVs (1700 m above sea level; mean temperature −23 °C; no degree days above freezing), where the ice in permafrost originates from vapour deposition rather than liquid water. We found that culturable and total microbial biomass in University Valley was extremely low, and microbial activity under ambient conditions was undetectable. Our results contrast with reports from the lower-elevation Dry Valleys and Arctic permafrost soils where active microbial populations are found, suggesting that the combination of severe cold, aridity, oligotrophy of University Valley permafrost soils severely limit microbial activity and survival.