bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suicide in older people: Revisioning new approaches
Authors: Deuter Kate , Procter Nicholas , Evans David , Jaworski Katrina 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis discussion paper identifies and examines several tensions inherent in traditional approaches to understanding older people's suicide. Predicted future increases in the absolute number of elderly suicides are subject to careful interpretation due to the underreporting of suicides in older age groups. Furthermore, a significant number of studies of older people's death by suicide examine risk factors or a combination of risk factors in retrospect only, while current approaches to suicide prevention in the elderly place disproportionate emphasis on the identification and treatment of depression. Taken together, such tensions give rise to a monologic view of research and practice, ultimately limiting our potential for understanding older people's experience of suicide and suicidal behaviour. New approaches are necessary if we are to move beyond the current narrow focus that prevails. Fresh thinking, which draws on older people's experience of attempting to die by suicide, might offer critical insight into socially‐constructed meanings attributed to suicide and suicidal behaviour by older people. Specifically, identification through research into the protective mechanisms that are relevant and available to older people who have been suicidal is urgently needed to effectively guide mental health nurses and health‐care professionals in therapeutic engagement and intervention.
Early Intervention for Children with Intellectual Disabilities: An Update
Authors: Guralnick Michael J. 
Published: January 2016

This article provides an update on advances in both developmental and intervention science that have occurred in the field of early intervention for children with developmental delays in the past decade. From the perspective of developmental science, findings related to multiple and reciprocal pathways of influence on the development of children with delays that can inform early intervention practice are discussed. This is followed by a review of two prominent lines of early intervention research: promoting children's developm‐ent by enhancing parent‐sensitive responsiveness and improving children's cognitive and social outcomes in inclusive preschool settings. Merging policy initiati‐ves with our knowledge of developmental processes is discussed as the key to accelerating progress in the development of comprehensive early intervention systems.
‘I Know it was Every Week, but I Can't be Sure if it was Every Day: Domestic Violence and Women with Learning Disabilities
Authors: McCarthy Michelle , Hunt Siobhan , Milne‐Skillman Karen 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundDomestic violence against women is well researched in the general population, but much less so in relation to women with learning disabilities. This qualitative research study interviewed 15 women with learning disabilities who had experienced domestic violence about their experiences, the impact of the violence on them and their children, their coping strategies and help seeking behaviour.Materials and methodsSemistructured in‐depth interviews were conducted. Data were analysed using Inter‐pretive Phenomenological Analysis. A service user advisory group helped at particular stages, notably at the formative stage and with dissemination, especially the production of accessible materials, including aDVD.ResultsThe violence experienced by many of the women was severe and frequent. It impacted negatively on their physical and psychological well‐being. The women's awareness of refuges and others sources of help was generally low.ConclusionsHealthcare and social care professionals have a clear remit to help women with learning disabilities to avoid and escape violent relationships.
The Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorders in West Pomeranian and Pomeranian Regions of Poland
Authors: Skonieczna‐Żydecka Karolina , Gorzkowska Izabela , Pierzak‐Sominka Joanna , Adler Grażyna 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundThe prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) varies worldwide from 1.4/10 000 children in the Arabian Peninsula to 185/10 000 children of Asian population. In Europe, the highest prevalence has been observed in Sweden, while the lowest in Croatia (115/10 000 and 2–3/10 000, respectively). There have been no epidemiological studies on the prevalence of ASD in Polish population. The aim of our study was to assess the prevalence of ASD in children aged 0–16 years, inhabitants of West Pomeranian and Pomeranian regions.Material and MethodsIn total, 2514 children (2038 males, 81.1%) were included. The estimates were based on the government registries, whereas data were obtained from Provincial Disability Services Commissions.ResultsThe prevalence of ASD in children aged 0–16 years varies between two regions of Poland ‐ 32/10 000 in West Pomeranian and 38/10 000 in Pomeranian region.ConclusionsThe average prevalence of ASD was 35/10 000 children and was about 4‐fold higher in males (P < 0.05). More studies are necessary.
Non‐compliance in Executive Compensation Disclosure: the Brazilian Experience
Authors: Costa Cristiano Machado , Galdi Fernando Caio , Motoki Fabio Y. S. , Sanchez Juan Manuel 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWe examine the determinants and consequences of firms’ choice not to comply with a new executive compensation disclosure regulation. We exploit a unique feature of Brazilian markets, where a change in the regulation of executive compensation disclosure could arguably lead to personal security‐related costs for executives. This major reform in executive compensation disclosure in Brazil became effective in December 2009. While some firms complied with the change in regulation, other firms explicitly refused to comply fully with the regulation by using a court injunction. After controlling for firm‐specific characteristics and both social and economic inequality measures, we find that the degree of criminality in the state in which the firm is headquartered (a proxy for security‐related costs) and the level of CEO compensation are important determinants of a firm's decision not to fully disclose executive compensation information. We also show that firms which do not fully comply with the regulation face costs in the form of higher bid‐ask spreads, suggesting investors are leery of the decision not to comply with the regulation. We discuss the potential implications of our results in the context of executive compensation disclosure reform.
Combining pheromone and kairomones for effective trapping of the pine sawyer beetle Monochamus galloprovincialis
Authors: Álvarez G. , Gallego D. , Hall D. R. , Jactel H. , Pajares J. A. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractMonochamus galloprovincialis (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is a secondary wood borer that acquired primordial importance since it was identified as the European vector of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the causal agent of pine wilt disease (PWD). An effective trapping method is needed as a tool for managing this insect vector and allowing early detection of nematode transportation. Among effective attractants identified in recent years are the specific M. galloprovincialis aggregation pheromone, host pine kairomones such as α‐pinene and bark beetle kairomones like ipsenol and methyl‐butenol. The main objective of this study was to optimize the combination of these volatiles to improve lure attractiveness and specificity. Based on ten complementary field experiments, we found a pheromone dose‐response of trap catches. The best combination of attractants was the aggregation pheromone plus two bark beetle kairomones, ipsenol and methyl‐butenol. Addition of pine terpenes, such as α‐pinene, did not significantly improve M. galloprovincialis trap capture, but did increase catch of non target species, including natural enemies. The use of pine terpenes would be advisable only if priorizing to maximize removal of vectors. While this research has lead to the development a new, highly attractive commercial lure for mature pine sawyers, none of the tested blends were successful in attracting immature pine sawyer adults. Further investigation is needed to develop attractants for these beetles.
Global Implications of China's Future Food Consumption
Authors: Yu Yang , Feng Kuishuang , Hubacek Klaus , Sun Laixiang 
Published: January 2016

SummaryRapid economic growth and urbanization in China have led to a substantial change in consumption patterns and diet structure of Chinese consumers over the past few decades. A growing demand for feed, fuel, and fiber also places intense pressure on land resources. With continuing growth of China's economy and migration from rural to urban, the increase in food consumption and change in diet structure will likely continue, which will not only impose pressure on domestic land resources, but also exert impact on land resources in other countries through import. This article applies a global multiregion input‐output (MRIO) model to trace agricultural land use along global supply chains and examines the impact of China's future food consumption on global land use in 2030 against different socioeconomic and technological scenarios. Our scenarios show that by 2030, China would need an additional 21% of cropland to support its increasing food demand, driven by population growth, urbanization, and income growth and the associated diet structure change. Almost one third of cropland associated with household consumption (34 million hectares [Mha]) will be “outsourced” to foreign countries, such as Argentina, Brazil, the United States, and Thailand, for the consumption of cereal grains, soybeans, and paddy rice. China also consumes 2.4 Mha of cropland from Africa for its consumption of cereal grains and oil seeds. The dependence of domestic consumption on significant amounts of foreign cropland shows that China would face serious challenges to meet its grain self‐sufficiency policy in the future, and, at the same time, this dependence would contribute to environmental and food security problems elsewhere.
Aphasia in Persian: Implications for cognitive models of lexical processing
Authors: Bakhtiar Mehdi , Jafary Reyhane , Weekes Brendan S. 
Published: January 2016

Current models of oral reading assume that different routes (sublexical, lexical, and semantic) mediate oral reading performance and reliance on different routes during oral reading depends on the characteristics of print to sound mappings. Studies of single cases of acquired dyslexia in aphasia have contributed to the development of such models by revealing patterns of double dissociation in object naming and oral reading skill that follow brain damage in Indo‐European and Sino‐Tibetan languages. Print to sound mapping in Persian varies in transparency because orthography to phonology translation depends uniquely on the presence or absence of vowel letters in print. Here a hypothesis is tested that oral reading in Persian requires a semantic reading pathway that is independent of a direct non‐semantic reading pathway, by investigating whether Persian speakers with aphasia show selective impairments to object naming and reading aloud. A sample of 21 Persian speakers with aphasia ranging in age from 18 to 77 (mean = 53, SD = 16.9) was asked to name a same set of 200 objects and to read aloud the printed names of these objects in different sessions. As an additional measure of sublexical reading, patients were asked to read aloud 30 non‐word stimuli. Results showed that oral reading is significantly more preserved than object naming in Persian speakers with aphasia. However, more preserved object naming than oral reading was also observed in some cases. There was a moderate positive correlation between picture naming and oral reading success (p < .05). Mixed‐effects logistic regression revealed that word frequency, age of acquisition and imageability predict success across both tasks and there is an interaction between these variables and orthographic transparency in oral reading. Furthermore, opaque words were read less accurately than transparent words. The results reveal different patterns of acquired dyslexia in some cases that closely resemble phonological, deep, and surface dyslexia in other scripts – reported here in Persian for the first time.
Bioscience learning in clinical placement: the experiences of pre‐registration nursing students
Authors: Fell Patricia Lynne , Dobbins Kerry , Dee Philip 
Published: January 2016

Aims and objectivesThe aim of this study was to explore student nurses’ views and experiences of bioscience learning in clinical placement. The study focused on (1) how relevant students perceive bioscience knowledge to their professional role; (2) what opportunities students have to apply bioscience knowledge during clinical placements; (3) what students perceive about the support they receive from placement mentors regarding bioscience learning.BackgroundBioscience knowledge is required for safe and effective practice but is an area that students find challenging. Clinical placements offer students the ideal environment to integrate bioscience into clinical decision making. There is, however, a lack of research addressing specifically students’ placement learning of bioscience.DesignAn explanatory sequential mixed methods approach was adopted.MethodsThe research involved two phases. In phase one predominantly quantitative data were collected via a survey. 112 final year BSc nursing students from across fields completed the survey (response rate = 66%). The results of this phase were then built upon by conducting three focus groups (n = 17) in a second qualitative research phase.ResultsWhilst students acknowledged the relevance of bioscience to their nursing role, this study suggests that its importance is not recognised as widely by practice educators. Findings highlight inconsistencies in the quality of mentor support, the opportunities for students to learn and the priority that bioscience is given in placement education.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the need for more explicit bioscience criteria in placement assessments and a greater level of mentor education to ensure more consistency in the standard of placement learning of bioscience.Relevance to clinical practiceProviding insight into factors that influence student learning of bioscience during clinical placements provides focus on how higher education institutions and practice educators can better support students to confidently apply bioscience knowledge to deliver safe and effective patient care.
An evaluation of orthopaedic nurses' participation in an educational intervention promoting research usage – a triangulation convergence model
Authors: Berthelsen Connie Bøttcher , Hølge‐Hazelton Bibi 
Published: January 2016

Aims and objectivesTo describe the orthopaedic nurses' experiences regarding the relevance of an educational intervention and their personal and contextual barriers to participation in the intervention.BackgroundOne of the largest barriers against nurses' research usage in clinical practice is the lack of participation. A previous survey identified 32 orthopaedic nurses as interested in participating in nursing research. An educational intervention was conducted to increase the orthopaedic nurses' research knowledge and competencies. However, only an average of six nurses participated.DesignA triangulation convergence model was applied through a mixed methods design to combine quantitative results and qualitative findings for evaluation.MethodsData were collected from 2013–2014 from 32 orthopaedic nurses in a Danish regional hospital through a newly developed 21‐item questionnaire and two focus group sessions. Data were first analysed using descriptive statistics (stata 12.0) and qualitative manifest content analysis. Second, the results were compared, contrasted and interpreted using international literature.ResultsThe nurses experienced the intervention as a new way to focus on nursing research in practice. However, some nurses were not able to see the relevance of research usage in clinical practice. Nursing research was not a top priority for the nurses and their personal barriers for research usage during their working day were prioritising patients’ and colleagues’ well‐being. Their colleagues’ and head section nurses' lack of acceptance regarding participation in the teaching session was a contextual barrier for the nurses.ConclusionThe nurses were interested in participating in the intervention. However, some felt restricted by the research‐practice gap and by diverse personal and contextual barriers.Relevance to clinical practiceThe knowledge derived from this study has high clinical and practical relevance and is currently used to facilitate the nurses' research usage in the orthopaedic department setting, by working around the perceived barriers.
Individual and School‐Level Socioeconomic Gradients in Physical Activity in Australian Schoolchildren
Authors: Lewis Lucy , Maher Carol , Katzmarzyk Peter , Olds Timothy 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDWe attempted to determine whether there was a socioeconomic gradient in 9‐ to 11‐year‐old Australian children's moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and whether school facilities or policies supporting physical activity were associated with school‐level socioeconomic status (SES) and MVPA.METHODSChildren (N = 528) from 26 randomly selected schools participated in the International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment. School‐level SES was determined by the Index of Community Socio‐Educational Advantage. MVPA was determined from 7‐day, 24‐hour accelerometry. School facilities (21 items) were evaluated with an objective school ground audit. School policies related to physical activity were collected (18 items) in a school administrator survey. Relationships among SES, MVPA, school facilities, and policies were examined using bivariate regression, correlation analyses, and analysis of variance.RESULTSThere was a clear SES gradient in daily and in‐school MVPA. School facilities or physical activity policies were not associated with SES or in‐school MVPA, with the exception of presence of a sports field which was associated with lower SES schools (p = .02) and lower in‐school MVPA (p = .001).CONCLUSIONSSchool‐built, policy, and resource environments are similar across different SES‐level schools. Therefore, some other mechanism must be underlying the SES gradients seen in MVPA participation in Australian children.
Low Frequency of Fruit and Vegetable Consumption Among Canadian Youth: Findings From the 2012/2013 Youth Smoking Survey
Authors: Minaker Leia , Hammond David 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDFrequent fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption is protective against some cancers, cardiovascular disease, and other chronic diseases. This study explores self‐reported frequency of FV consumption in a nationally generalizable sample of Canadian youth in grades 6‐12.METHODSData from grades 6‐12 students who participated in the 2012‐2013 Youth Smoking Survey (N = 47,203) were used to examine frequency of FV consumption. Logistic regression models were fitted to examine differences in meeting national FV intake recommendations by sociodemographic, student, and regional characteristics.RESULTSApproximately 10% of Canadian grade 6‐12 students met FV recommendations. Students in grades 6 and 7 had significantly higher odds of meeting recommendations relative to students in grades 8‐12. Students who reported achieving “mostly As” on their report cards had significantly higher odds of meeting FV recommendations relative to those receiving As and Bs, Bs and Cs, or Cs (OR = 0.71, OR = 0.53, and OR = 0.46, respectively, p < .0001 for each). Students in British Columbia and Ontario had higher odds of meeting recommendations relative to students in Newfoundland, Prince Edward Island, and Nova Scotia.CONCLUSIONSOnly 1 in 10 Canadian youth are meeting FV recommendations. Programs and policies to encourage FV consumption are required to help mitigate future health issues associated with inadequate FV consumption.
Combination of melatonin and Wnt‐4 promotes neural cell differentiation in bovine amniotic epithelial cells and recovery from spinal cord injury
Authors: Gao Yuhua , Bai Chunyu , Zheng Dong , Li Changli , Zhang Wenxiu , Li Mei , Guan Weijun , Ma Yuehui 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAlthough melatonin has been shown to exhibit a wide variety of biological functions, its effects on promoting differentiation of neural cells remain unknown. Wnt signaling mediates major developmental processes during embryogenesis and regulates maintenance, self‐renewal, and differentiation of adult mammalian stem cells. However, the role of the noncanonical Wnt pathway during neurogenesis remains poorly understood. In this study, the amniotic epithelial cells ( AECs) were isolated from bovine amnion and incubated with various melatonin concentrations (0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, or 100 μm) and 5 × 10−5 m all‐trans retinoic acid (RA) for screening optimum culture medium of neural differentiation, compared with each groups, 1 μm melatonin and 5 × 10−5 m RA were selected to induce neural differentiation of AECs, and then siMT1, siMT2, oWnt‐4, and siWnt‐4 were expressed in AECs to research role of these genes in neural differentiation. Efficiency of neural differentiation was evaluated after expressed above genes using flow cytometry. Cell function of neural cells was demonstrated in vivo using spinal cord injury model after cell transplantation, and damage repair of spinal cord was assessed using cell tracking and Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan Locomotor Rating Scale scores. Results demonstrated that melatonin stimulated melatonin receptor 1, which subsequently increased bovine amniotic epithelial cell vitality and promoted differentiation into neural cells. This took place through cooperation with Wnt‐4. Additionally, following cotreatment with melatonin and Wnt‐4, neurogenesis gene expression was significantly altered. Furthermore, single inhibition of melatonin receptor 1 or Wnt‐4 expression decreased expression of neurogenesis‐related genes, and bovine amniotic epithelial cell‐derived neural cells were successfully colonized into injured spinal cord, which suggested participation in tissue repair.