bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dried blood spot improves global access to aquaporin‐4‐IgG testing for neuromyelitis optica
Authors: Vorasoot Nisa , Abdulrahman Yahya J. , Mateen Farrah , Fryer James P. , Redenbaugh Vyanka , Sagen Jessica A. , Musubire Abdu K. , Jenkins Sarah M. , Gorsh Amy P. , Chen John J. , Zekeridou Anastasia , McKeon Andrew , Flanagan Eoin P. , Mills John R. , Pittock Sean J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of dried blood spot (DBS) compared with conventional serum Aquaporin‐4‐IgG (AQP4‐IgG) testing.MethodsProspective multicenter diagnostic study was conducted between April 2018 and October 2023 across medical centers in the United States, Uganda, and the Republic of Guinea. Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) patients and controls collected blood on filter paper cards along with concurrent serum samples. These samples underwent analysis using flow cytometric live‐cell‐based assays (CBA) and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to determine AQP4 serostatus. The accuracy of AQP4‐IgG detection between DBS and serum (gold standard) was compared.ResultsAmong 150 participants (47 cases, 103 controls), there was a strong correlation between DBS and serum samples (Spearman's correlation coefficient of 0.82). The AUC was 0.97 (95% CI: 0.92–0.99). AQP4‐IgG detection through DBS showed 87.0% sensitivity (95% CI: 0.74–0.95) and 100% specificity (95% CI: 0.96–1.00) using CBA, and 65.2% sensitivity (95% CI: 0.43–0.84) and 95.2% specificity (95% CI: 0.76–0.99) using ELISA. Serum ELISA demonstrated 69.6% sensitivity (95% CI: 0.47–0.87) and 98.4% specificity (95% CI: 0.91–0.99). The stability of DBS in detecting AQP4‐IgG persisted over 24 months for most cases.InterpretationThe DBS represents a viable alternative for detecting AQP4‐IgG in resource‐limited settings to diagnose NMOSD, offering high sensitivity and specificity comparable to serum testing. Moreover, DBS has low shipping costs, is easy to administer, and is suitable for point‐of‐care testing.
Regulating Local Electron Distribution of Cu Electrocatalyst via Boron Doping for Boosting Rapid Absorption and Conversion of Nitrate to Ammonia
Authors: Liu Wenjing , Chen Jie , Wei Yuao , He Yuxuan , Huang Yuting , Wei Mo , Yu Yingjie , Yang Nan , Zhang Weina , Zhang Linghai , Saleem Faisal , Huo Fengwei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe electrochemical reduction of nitrate to ammonia (NO3RR) is an effective route to ammonia synthesis with the characteristics of low energy input. However, the complex multi‐electron/proton transfer pathways associated with this reaction may trigger the accumulation of competitive by‐products. Herein, boron (B)‐doped Cu electrode (denoted as B–Cu2O/Cu/CP) as “all‐in‐one” catalyst is prepared by one‐step electrodeposition strategy. Caused by the B doping, the charge redistribution and local coordination environment of Cu2O/Cu species are modulated, resulting in the exposure of active sites on the Cu2O/Cu/CP catalyst. In‐situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and theoretical investigations demonstrate that both Cu2O and Cu sites modulated by B can effectively enhance the adsorption of NO3− and facilitate the conversion of intermediate by‐products, thus promoting the direct reduction of NO3− to NH3. Consequently, a remarkable Faradaic efficiency of 92.74% can be obtained on B–Cu2O/Cu/CP catalyst with minimal accumulation of by‐products. It is expected that this work, based on the heterogeneous B doping, will open a maneuverable and versatile way for the design of effective catalysts.
Photonic Synapse of CrSBr/PtS2 Transistor for Neuromorphic Computing and Light Decoding
Authors: Khan Muhammad Asghar , Khan Muhammad Farooq , Nasim Muhammad , Elahi Ehsan , Rabeel Muhammad , Asim Muhammad , Rehmat Arslan , Pervez Muhammad Hamza , Rehman Shania , Kim Honggyun , Eom Jonghwa 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Field effect transistors based on 2D layered material have gained significant potential in emerging technologies, such as neuromorphic computing and ultrafast memory response for artificial intelligence applications. This study proposes a facile approach to fabricate an optoelectronic artificial synapse for neuromorphic computing and light‐decoding information system by utilizing the 2D heterostructure of CrSBr/PtS2 to overcome circuit complexity. The CrSBr layer serves as a trapping layer, while PtS2, mounted on top of CrSBr, acts as a channel layer. PtS2 exhibits n‐type semiconductor behavior with a hysteresis that varies with the thickness of the underlying CrSBr layer. The heterostructure device, featuring a 96.3 nm thick CrSBr layer, exhibited a large memory window of 11.9 V when the gate voltage is swept from −10 V to +10 V. Various synaptic behaviors are effectively demonstrated, including paired‐pulse facilitation, excitatory postsynaptic current, optical spike number and intensity‐dependent plasticity using laser light at a wavelength of 365 nm. The device achieves 26 distinct output signals depending on the intensity of the incident laser light, ranging from 10 to 385 mW cm−2, enabling its applications for light‐decoded information security systems. Thus, the investigation presents a unique approach to artificial intelligence and cybersecurity systems.
All‐In‐One Photonic Crystals With Multi‐Stimuli‐Chromic, Color‐Recordable, Self‐Healable, and Adhesive Functions
Authors: Yu Siyi , Ma Dekun , Qi Chenze , Yang Dongpeng , Huang Shaoming 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFabricating photonic crystals (PCs) with dynamic multi‐stimuli‐responsive structural colors, recordable colors, and self‐healable properties is significant for their emerging applications, yet remains a big challenge. Here, an all‐in‐one multifunctional PC (MFPC) film with outstanding mechanochromic, thermochromic, solvatochromic, color/shape‐recordable, self‐healable, and adhesive functions is designed and prepared by simply non‐close‐assembling silica particles into the unique 2‐[[(Butylamino)carbonyl]oxy]ethyl acrylate (BCOEA) followed by photopolymerization. The success is mainly due to the rational combination of non‐close‐packing structures and BCOEA's characteristics, including its urethane groups with numerous sacrificial hydrogen bonds, temperature‐dependent refractive index, swellable and deformable polymer network, as well as low glass‐transition temperature. The MFPC's hue and color saturation can be reversibly and dynamically modulated by strain/pressure/solvents and temperature, respectively, thereby realizing visually and spectrally sensing these stimuli. More interestingly, the color‐responsiveness combined with other functions endows MFPCs with fascinating emerging applications, including multilayer optical filters, inkless printing, reconfigurable multicolor patterns, stretching‐based anti‐counterfeiting, etc. This work offers a new perspective for designing next‐generation smart photonic materials and will facilitate their all‐round applications.
High‐Gain and Tunable Linear Photodetection in 2D Tunneling Heterostructures Through Potential Engineering
Authors: Wei Laijiang , Wu Zhiming , Wei Yuchao , Li Chunyu , Fu Ziyi , Han Jiayue , Yang Xiutao , Xie Jinling , Tian Zexing , Zhou Hongxi , Wang Jun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract2D materials are extensively employed in the fabrication of high‐performance photodetectors owing to their exceptional physical properties. However, most 2D material photodetectors fail to sustain high gain under intense illumination due to the limited intrinsic trap states. Here, an n‐n type Bi2O2Se/SnSe2 van der Waals tunneling heterojunction photodetector with a detection range from visible to near‐infrared (VIS‐NIR) is presented. Under reverse bias, the heterojunction induces a significant electron barrier and hole potential well, ensuring low leakage current and ample hole defect states. Therefore, the photodetector demonstrated a responsivity of 1636.3 AW−1 and a detectivity of 1.39  ×  1014 Jones under 660 nm illumination, maintaining a tunable linear dynamic range (LDR) of ≈74.7 dB. This performance is attributed to the hole potential well‐suppressing the recombination of photogenerated carriers, thereby enhancing the device's gain. Furthermore, the tunneling of photogenerated electrons within the heterojunction's space charge region under bias enables rapid response (75.1 and 15.6 µs). In summary, the study introduces a novel strategy to overcome the limited detection capabilities of 2D devices under intense illumination, characterized by outstanding linearity for rapid detection and high‐resolution imaging.
Tissue‐Compatible and Lubricated Hydrogel Catheter with Promising Activity Against Polymicrobial Infections for Ventilator‐Associated Pneumonia Prevention
Authors: Kong Xiangren , Guo Gang , Yiming Burebi , Hu Jia Yu , Zheng Qiang , Li Tian Yu , Wu Zi Liang , Qian Jin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEndotracheal intubation is a vital means of saving critically ill patients. However, the inserted catheter often causes tissue damage and the formation of tenacious biofilms containing drug‐resistant bacteria and fungi, leading to severe ventilator‐associated pneumonia (VAP). Currently, the resolution of VAP is usually based on antibiotic treatment and lacks targeted prophylaxis. Here, a quaternary phosphonium salts functionalized hydrogel catheter that enhances tissue compatibility yet inhibits complex and tenacious pathogens in the catheter, thus preventing VAP is reported. By copolymerizing the quaternary phosphonium electrolyte and acrylic acid monomers, the hydrogel catheter demonstrates good shape‐supporting ability, and its strength and modulus can be adjusted over a wide range to meet the needs of different ages. Moreover, it possesses good tissue compatibility, antifouling properties, stable lubrication capability, and superior hydrophilicity, which may mitigate tissue damage caused by contact. Importantly, the hydrogel catheter demonstrates potent broad‐spectrum intrinsic antimicrobial activity, eradicating nearly 99% of multi‐drug resistant bacteria and 80% of fungi. To validate its role in preventing VAP, the real VAP pathogenesis process is mimicked, establishing a polymicrobial infections model considering time effects. The results prove that the hydrogel catheter effectively inhibits the invasion of various drug‐resistant pathogens and prevents biofilm formation.
Controlling Cell Interactions with DNA Directed Assembly
Authors: Mathis Katelyn , Chan Clement T. Y. , Meckes Brian 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe creation of complex cellular environments is critical to mimicking tissue environments that will play a critical role in next‐generation tissue engineering, stem cell programming, and therapeutic screening. To address this growing need, techniques capable of manipulating cell–cell and cell‐material interactions are required that span single‐cell to 3D tissue architectures. DNA programmed assembly and placement of cells present a powerful technique for the bottom‐up synthesis of living microtissues for probing key questions in cell–cell and cell‐material‐driven behaviors through its refined control over placement and architecture. This review examines the current state of the art in the programming of cellular interactions with DNA and its applications spanning tissue model building, fundamental cellular biology, and cell manipulation for measurements across a host of applications.
Measurement of Enhanced Spin‐Orbit Coupling Strength for Donor‐Bound Electron Spins in Silicon
Authors: Krishnan Radha , Gan Beng Yee , Hsueh Yu‐Ling , Huq A.M. Saffat‐Ee , Kenny Jonathan , Rahman Rajib , Koh Teck Seng , Simmons Michelle Y. , Weber Bent 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWhile traditionally considered a deleterious effect in quantum dot spin qubits, the spin‐orbit interaction is recently being revisited as it allows for rapid coherent control by on‐chip AC electric fields. For electrons in bulk silicon, spin‐orbit coupling (SOC) is intrinsically weak, however, it can be enhanced at surfaces and interfaces, or through atomic placement. Here it is showed that the strength of the spin‐orbit coupling can be locally enhanced by more than two orders of magnitude in the manybody wave functions of multi‐donor quantum dots compared to a single donor, reaching strengths so far only reported for holes or two‐donor system with certain symmetry. These findings may provide a pathway toward all‐electrical control of donor‐bound spins in silicon using electric dipole spin resonance (EDSR).
Dressing AgNWs with MXenes Nanosheets: Transparent Printed Electrodes Combining High‐Conductivity and Tunable Work Function for High‐Performance Opto‐Electronics
Authors: Ju Zhongshi , Chen Yusheng , Li Peng , Ma Jiangang , Xu Haiyang , Liu Yichun , Samorì Paolo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHigh‐work function transparent electrodes (HWFTEs) are key for establishing Schottky and Ohmic contacts with n‐type and p‐type semiconductors, respectively. However, the development of printable materials that combine high transmittance, low sheet resistance, and tunable work function remains an outstanding challenge. This work reports a high‐performance HWFTE composed of Ag nanowires enveloped conformally by Ti3C2Tx nanosheets (TA), forming a shell‐core network structure. The printed TA HWFTEs display an ultrahigh transmittance (>94%) from the deep‐ultraviolet (DUV) to the entire visible spectral region, a low sheet resistance (<15 Ω sq−1), and a tunable work function ranging from 4.7 to 6.0 eV. The introduction of additional oxygen terminations on the Ti3C2Tx surface generates positive dipoles, which not only increases the work function of the TA HWFTEs but also elevates the TA/Ga2O3 Schottky barrier, resulting in a high self‐powered responsivity of 18 mA W−1 in Ga2O3 diode DUV photodetectors, as demonstrated via experimental characterizations and theoretical calculations. Furthermore, the TA HWFTEs‐based organic light‐emitting transistors exhibit exceptional emission brightness of 5020 cd m−2, being four‐fold greater than that in Au electrodes‐based devices. The innovative nano‐structure design, work function tuning, and the revealed mechanisms of electrode‐semiconductor contact physics constitute a substantial advancement in high‐performance optoelectronic technology.
Physical Field Effects to Suppress Polysulfide Shuttling in Lithium–Sulfur Battery
Authors: Feng Junan , Shi Chuan , Zhao Xiaoxian , Zhang Ying , Chen Shuangqiang , Cheng Xinbing , Song Jianjun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLithium–sulfur batteries (LSB) with high theoretical energy density are plagued by the infamous shuttle effect of lithium polysulfide (LPS) and the sluggish sulfur reduction/evolution reaction. Extensive research is conducted on how to suppress shuttle effects, including physical structure confinement engineering, chemical adsorption strategy, and the design of sulfur redox catalysts. Recently, the rational design to mitigate shuttle effects and enhance reaction kinetics based on physical field effects has been widely studied, providing a more fundamental understanding of interactions with sulfur species. Herein, the physical field effect is focused and their methods and mechanisms of interaction are summarized systematically with LPS. Overall, the working principle of LSB system, the origin of the shuttle effect, and kinetic trouble in LSB are briefly described. Then, the mechanism and application of rational design of materials based on physical field effect concepts and the external physical field‐assisted LSB are elaborated, including electrostatic force, built‐in electric field, spin state regulation, strain engineering, external magnetic field, photoassisted and other physical field‐assisted strategies are pivotally elaborated and discussed. Finally, the potential directions of physical field effects in enhancing the performance and weakening the shuttle effect of high‐energy LSB are summarized and anticipated.
Versatile Metamaterial: Exploring the Resonances of Symmetry‐Protected Modes for Multitasking Functionality
Authors: Boublouh Souhaïla , Suarez Miguel , Gao Feng , Belkhir Abderrahmane , Khelif Abdelkrim , Baida Fadi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this work, an experimental study supported by numerical modeling that demonstrates the possibility of exciting Symmetry Protected‐Bound states In the Continuum (SP‐BICs) in a 1D silicon grating fabricated on a lithium niobate substrate is presented. bBoth transverse electric and magnetic polarization states are investigated, leading to the excitation of four quasi‐ Bound states In the Continuum (quasi‐BIC) resonances, exhibiting distinct behaviors. Under standard illumination conditions (plane of incidence perpendicular to the 1D grating lines), two of these resonances are highly sensitive to illumination conditions, while the other two resonances involving unconventional illumination directions (plane of incidence parallel to the grating lines) are more robust to the angle of incidence, but just as sensitive to external stresses in terms of resonance wavelength and quality factor. Additionally, temperature detection is experimentally demonstrated with a Sensitivity of ST = 0.81∼nm °C−1, a state‐of‐the‐art value achieved due to significant electromagnetic field enhancement inside the lithium niobate substrate at the quasi‐BIC resonance. These findings pave the way for their use in various sensing applications (such as biology, electromagnetic, and temperature sensing), as well as nonlinear applications like second harmonic generation, and electro‐ and acousto‐optic modulation.
Abnormal Response of Indirect Excitons to Non‐Uniform Elastic Strain in MoS2 Flakes
Authors: Yue Xinxin , Zhang Lifu , Chen Xiang , Ji Shaozheng , Liu Fang , Feng Min , Deng Shibin , Hu Zhenpeng , Yan Yuan , Fu Xuewen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRegulating the electronic structures and carrier dynamics in 2D materials via elastic strain is a fascinating avenue for tailoring their optoelectronic properties at atomic scale. Here, the abnormal response of indirect excitons to non‐uniform elastic strain in MoS2 flakes is reported. The non‐uniform elastic strain in the MoS2 flakes is introduced by transferring them to pre‐prepared convex cross structures on a SiO2/Si substrate, where the topography and strain distribution are determined by atomic force microscopy and Raman spectroscopy, respectively. It is observed that the emission energy of the indirect excitons shows an unexpected blue‐shift followed by a red‐shift with increasing the local tensile strain, which is in sharp contrast to the linear red‐shift of the direct excitons. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the abnormal energy shift of the indirect excitons in the MoS2 flakes arises from the strain‐induced competition between two indirect bandgap transitions and the spatial exciton funnel effect in the non‐uniform strain field. This work provides new insights into the elastic strain effect on the indirect excitons in 2D semiconductors, which possesses potential applications in flexible optoelectronic devices.
Multiple Energy Transfer Modes From o‐Carborane Dyad Induced by Synergetic Conformational Regulations and Intense Circularly Polarized Luminescence in Self‐Assembly Aggregates
Authors: Li Junfeng , Chen Yu , Wu Wei , Ma Jiamian , Shi Shunan , Deng Yuhang , Lai Wen‐Yong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPhotothermal modulated excited conformations in traditional optoelectronic materials have been extensively investigated for the manipulation of emissive properties. However, photoinduced molecular synergetic conformational changes, which are promising for controlling intramolecular energy transfer modes through molecular orbital breaking, are never been explored. Herein, a novel o‐carborane dyad composed of carbazole units as electron donors and triazine derivatives as electron acceptors is demonstrated to achieve conformation‐dependent emissions and abundant emissions via synergetic conformational changes. Notably, the resulting dyad exhibited multiple conformational changes that induced emissions through different energy transfer modes involved “through space” and “through bond.” Exactly, the electron spin from singlet to triplet state took a flip accompanied by molecular orbitals from π–π molecular orbitals in the space charge transfer style to π and σ molecular orbitals in the bond charge transfer mode. The circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) properties are systematically investigated, exhibiting intense CPL with large glum values. These results provide novel perspectives for elucidating the complicated emission changes in aggregated states, as well as unique perspectives on the relationship between molecular conformations, energy transfer modes, and molecular orbital breaking.
Highly Refractive Transparent Half‐Heuslers for Near Infrared Optics and Their Material Design
Authors: Ishii Akihiro , Katsuragi Ruon , Tanaka Satoru , Oikawa Itaru , Imura Masaaki , Takamura Hitoshi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAdvanced control of light focusing, reflection, and transmission is possible with highly refractive transparent materials; however, such materials are difficult to discover because of the negative correlation between the refractive index and the optical band gap. This study elucidates half‐Heuslers as highly refractive transparent materials, considering their densely packed crystal structures comprising both covalent and ionic bonds with d orbitals. Theoretical calculations revealed that 22 ternary half‐Heusler systems (αβγ) exhibited higher refractive indices with wider band gaps than conventional high‐refractive‐index‐transparent materials in the near‐infrared region. The key to achieving a high index and wide gap is aligning α‐d and β‐d levels within a small lattice frame given by small γ elements to the verge of forming Γ‐point conduction band minimum. Experimental examinations revealed that α and γ elements with low and high melting points are preferred for the thin‐film preparation of the well‐ordered half‐Heuslers. Highly refractive transparent half‐Heuslers and their material designs expedite post‐silicon technology for controlling near‐infrared light.
Chiral SPINOL‐Derived Borophosphate‐Catalyzed Asymmetric 1,4‐Reduction of Exocyclic α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones
Authors: Cui Wenhui , Meng Fanjing , Zhang Zengfeng , Han Zhuting , Cao Yang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAn asymmetric 1,4‐reduction of exocyclic α,β‐unsaturated ketones, yielding diverse optically active α‐substituted tetralones, has been achieved using a chiral SPINOL‐derived borophosphate catalyst. The enantioselectivity‐determining step of the reaction involves the protonation of a highly active boron enolates intermediate. This catalytic reduction system, comprising chiral SPINOL‐derived borophosphate and pinacolborane, has potential for broader application in other asymmetric reduction reactions.
Hydrofluoroether Synthesis through One‐Pot Anodic Iodoalkoxylation of Alkenes
Authors: Becerra‐Ruiz Martin , Winterson Bethan , Pérez Edwin G. , Wirth Thomas 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe incorporation of carbon‐fluorine bonds can profoundly influence the chemical and physical properties of drugs, agrochemicals, and materials. Different methods allow the installation of CF3, CF2H units and C−F bonds including trifluoro‐ and difluoromethoxylations, reflecting the limited diversity of reactions available to synthetic chemists. We introduce the 2,2,2‐trifluoroethoxy group through an electro‐oxidative iodination of alkenes as a versatile substituent for fluorine chemists. An iodoarene serves as an unusual iodine source facilitating the 1,2‐iodoalkoxylation of a broad range of industrially relevant aliphatic alkenes in high yields (31–98%) showing high Markovnikov regioselectivity.