bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age- and Sex-Dependent Changes of Intra-articular Cortical and Trabecular Bone Structure and the Effects of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Simon David , Kleyer Arnd , Stemmler Fabian , Simon Christoph , Berlin Andreas , Hueber Axel J , Haschka Judith , Renner Nina , Figueiredo Camille , Neuhuber Winfried , Buder Thomas , Englbrecht Matthias , Rech Juergen , Engelke Klaus , Schett Georg 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT

The objective of this cross-sectional study was to define normal sex- and age-dependent values of intra-articular bone mass and microstructures in the metacarpal heads of healthy individuals by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) and test the effect of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on these parameters. Human cadaveric metacarpal heads were used to exactly define intra-articular bone. Healthy individuals of different sex and age categories and RA patients with similar age and sex distribution received HR-pQCT scans of the second metacarpal head and the radius. Total, cortical, and trabecular bone densities as well as microstructural parameters were compared between 1) the different ages and sexes in healthy individuals; 2) between metacarpal heads and the radius; and 3) between healthy individuals and RA patients. The cadaveric study allowed exact definition of the intra-articular (intracapsular) bone margins. These data were applied in measuring intra-articular and radial bone parameters in 214 women and men (108 healthy individuals, 106 RA patients). Correlations between intra-articular and radial bone parameters were good (r = 0.51 to 0.62, p &lt; 0.001). In contrast to radial bone, intra-articular bone remained stable until age 60 years (between 297 and 312 mg HA/cm3) but decreased significantly (p &lt; 0.001) in women thereafter (237.5 ± 44.3) with loss of both cortical and trabecular bone. Similarly, RA patients showed significant (p &lt; 0.001) loss of intra-articular total (263.0 ± 44.8), trabecular (171.2 ± 35.6), and cortical bone (610.2 ± 62.0) compared with sex- and age-adjusted controls. Standard sex- and age-dependent values for physiological intra-articular bone were defined. Postmenopausal state and RA led to significant decrease of intra-articular bone. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Suppression of muscle wasting by the plant‐derived compound ursolic acid in a model of chronic kidney disease
Authors: Yu Rizhen , Chen Ji‐an , Xu Jing , Cao Jin , Wang Yanlin , Thomas Sandhya S. , Hu Zhaoyong 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundMuscle wasting in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and other catabolic disorders contributes to morbidity and mortality, and there are no therapeutic interventions that regularly and safely block losses of muscle mass. We have obtained evidence that impaired IGF‐1/insulin signalling and increases in glucocorticoids, myostatin and/or inflammatory cytokines that contribute to the development of muscle wasting in catabolic disorders by activating protein degradation.MethodsUsing in vitro and in vivo models of muscle wasting associated with CKD or dexamethasone administration, we measured protein synthesis and degradation and examined mechanisms by which ursolic acid, derived from plants, could block the loss of muscle mass stimulated by CKD or excessive levels of dexamethasone.ResultsUsing cultured C2C12 myotubes to study muscle wasting, we found that exposure to glucocorticoids cause loss of cell proteins plus an increase in myostatin; both responses are significantly suppressed by ursolic acid. Results from promoter and ChIP assays demonstrated a mechanism involving ursolic acid blockade of myostatin promoter activity that is related to CEBP/δ expression. In mouse models of CKD‐induced or dexamethasone‐induced muscle wasting, we found that ursolic acid blocked the loss of muscle mass by stimulating protein synthesis and decreasing protein degradation. These beneficial responses included decreased expression of myostatin and inflammatory cytokines (e.g. TGF‐β, IL‐6 and TNFα), which are initiators of muscle‐specific ubiquitin‐E3 ligases (e.g. Atrogin‐1, MuRF‐1 and MUSA1).ConclusionsUrsolic acid improves CKD‐induced muscle mass by suppressing the expression of myostatin and inflammatory cytokines via increasing protein synthesis and reducing proteolysis.
Effect of microbial‐based inoculants on nutrient concentrations and early root morphology of corn (Zea mays)
Authors: Calvo Pamela , Watts Dexter B. , Kloepper Joseph W. , Torbert H. Allen 
Published: November 2016

AbstractMicrobial‐based inoculants have been reported to stimulate plant growth and nutrient uptake. However, their effect may vary depending on the growth stage when evaluated or fertilizer applied. Thus, the objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that microbial‐based inoculants known to promote root growth and nutrient uptake will promote plant growth, enhance early root development, and increase nutrient concentrations of corn (Zea maysL.). Plants were evaluated at four different growth stages and in the presence of three different nitrogen (N) fertilizers. The microbial‐based treatments evaluated were: SoilBuilder™ (SB), a filtered metabolite extract of SoilBuilder™ (SBF), a mixture of four strains of plant growth‐promotingBacillusspp (BM), and a water‐inoculated control. The experiment also included four fertilizer treatments: urea (U), urea‐ammonium nitrate (UAN), calcium‐ammonium nitrate (CAN), and an unfertilized control. Corn plants were evaluated at growth stages V2, V4, V6, and VT. Plant growth parameters for biomass, height, and SPAD readings were enhanced by the three microbial‐based treatments. A greater effect of microbial‐based treatments was observed when plants were evaluated at V6 and VT stages. Parameters of early root development such as total root length (TRL), root surface area (RSA), and length of fine roots were enhanced when microbial‐based treatments were applied. Concentrations of N, P, and K were also increased by microbial‐based treatments compared to the non‐inoculated control. Increases in plant N concentration due to microbial‐based treatments were on average 72% for CAN, 61% for UAN, 72% for urea, and 54% for the unfertilized control. Phosphorus concentration was increased most (138%) when BM was applied with CAN. In the same way, when CAN was present, K concentration was increased by 95% with BM and 65% when SB and SBF were applied. Overall, the results demonstrate that microbial‐based inoculants evaluated in this study can positively impact corn growth and nutrient concentration, especially during the late vegetative stages. Furthermore, the results indicate that the enhancement of nutrient concentrations (N, P, and K) in this case was related to the capacity of microbial‐based treatments to impact root morphology at early stages of corn growth.
Are perioperative allogeneic blood transfusions associated with 90‐days infection after operative treatment for bone metastases?
Authors: Paulino Pereira Nuno Rui , Langerhuizen David W.G. , Janssen Stein J. , Hornicek Francis J. , Ferrone Marco L. , Harris Mitchel B. , Schwab Joseph H. 
Published: November 2016

Background and ObjectivesWe assessed whether allogeneic blood transfusions were associated with infection—within 90 days—after surgery for bone metastatic disease. Furthermore, we assessed other risk factors associated with infection.MethodsWe included 1,266 patients surgically treated for a bone metastasis at two hospitals between 2002 and 2013. Blood transfusions within 7 days before and after surgery were considered perioperative.ResultsWe found no independent association between exposure to blood transfusion and infection (odds ratio [OR] 1.02, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.76–1.37, P = 0.889), nor a dose–response relationship (OR 1.02, 95%CI: 0.98–1.07, P = 0.245). Older age (OR 1.01, 95%CI: 1.00–1.02, P = 0.035), a higher modified Charlson comorbidity index (OR 1.13, 95%CI: 1.05–1.22, P = 0.002), surgery to the axial skeleton (OR 1.89, 95%CI: 1.42–2.51, P < 0.001), and previous radiotherapy (OR 1.45, 95%CI 1.07–1.96, P = 0.015) were independently associated with infection.ConclusionsThere was no association between allogeneic blood transfusion and infection. We found other risk factors that should be taken into consideration when deciding to operate. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;114:997–1003. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Post‐chemotherapy retroperitoneal teratoma in nonseminomatous germ cell tumors: Do predictive factors exist? Results from a national multicenter study
Authors: Dusaud Marie , Malavaud Bernard , Bayoud Younes , Sebe Philippe , Hoepffner Jean Luc , Salomon Laurent , Houlgatte Alain , Pignot Géraldine , Rigaud Jérome , Fléchon Aude , Pfister Christian , Rouprêt Morgan , Soulié Michel , Méjean Arnaud , Durand Xavier 
Published: November 2016

Background and ObjectivesTo identify predictive preoperative factors of the presence of teratoma in retroperitoneal lymph node dissection specimens.MethodsWe performed a 20 years multicenter retrospective analysis of all patients who underwent retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for residual masses after chemotherapy (PC‐RPLND). Patients had undergone PC‐RPLND after chemotherapy for advanced testicular cancer. The histologic components of the primary tumor were compared with those of the residual masses using logistic regression.ResultsA total of 469 NSGCT patients underwent PC‐RPLND (complete data available for 211). By PC‐RPLND, necrosis was found in 84 cases, teratoma in 102 cases, and viable tumor in 25 cases. The univariate and multivariate analyses showed that teratoma (P = 0.001 and P = 0.002, respectively) and yolk sac tumor (P = 0.009 and P = 0.035, respectively) in orchiectomy specimens were statistically significant predictors of the presence of teratoma in retroperitoneal lymph nodes.ConclusionsPC‐RPLND is the standard treatment for any supracentimetric residual lesion. This procedure is associated with a high morbidity, and almost half patients are overtreated. The presence of teratoma and yolk sac tumor in the orchiectomy specimen were independent significant predictors of teratoma in retroperitoneal masses. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;114:992–996. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Molecular key to understand the gastric cancer biology in elderly patients—The role of microsatellite instability
Authors: Polom Karol , Marrelli Daniele , Roviello Giandomenico , Pascale Valeria , Voglino Costantino , Rho Henry , Marini Mario , Macchiarelli Raffaele , Roviello Franco 
Published: November 2016

Background and ObjectivesMicrosatellite instability (MSI) in gastric cancer (GC) is associated with older age. We present the clinicopathological results of younger and older patients with MSI GC.MethodsWe analyzed 472 patients with GC. MSI analysis was done on fresh frozen tissue using five quasimonomorphic mononucleotide repeats: NR‐21, NR‐24, NR‐27, BAT‐25, and BAR‐26. Clinical and pathological analysis was performed for different age groups.ResultsWe observed better survival in elderly MSI GC patients compared to younger patients. The percentage of MSI GC increases gradually with increasing age, accounting for 48% of patients over the age of 85 years. A difference in survival was seen between MSI and MSS groups of patients older than 65 years, while no statistical difference was seen for younger groups. Multivariate analysis revealed that MSI status has a significant prognostic factor in patients aged over 70 years (MSS vs. MSI; HR 1.82, P = 0.013).ConclusionMSI is an important prognostic factor above all in elderly GC patients. It is associated with favorable prognosis and may help in planning different approaches to treatment in this subgroup. J. Surg. Oncol. 2017;115:344–350. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Diffusion in Polymer Solutions: Molecular Weight Distribution by PFG‐NMR and Relation to SEC
Authors: Guo Xiaoai , Laryea Esther , Wilhelm Manfred , Luy Burkhard , Nirschl Hermann , Guthausen Gisela 
Published: November 2016

Quantification of diffusion coefficient distribution (DCD) and correlation with molecular weight distribution (MWD) of polymers is still an issue in pulsed field‐gradient nuclear magnetic resonance (PFG‐NMR). The conventional scaling law utilized so far to relate diffusion coefficient and molecular weight only holds true for the determination of MWD at sufficiently low concentrations. To extend measurement limits and to get a good signal‐to‐noise ratio, an exponential correlation is introduced to describe the effect of polymer concentration on diffusion in PFG‐NMR. Two model polymers (polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate)) dissolved in deuterated chloroform are studied at different concentrations in the range of 0.16–8 wt%. The DCDs are determined by modeling the measured signal attenuation with three methods (gamma distribution, log normal distribution, and tailored norm regularization). It is shown that the proposed method applies to the PFG‐NMR measurements on polymer solutions over a wide concentration range, providing almost the same MWDs as those obtained at low concentrations. The MWDs retrieved from NMR experiments agree well with those by size exclusion chromatography.
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Low‐pass imaging of dynamic acquisitions (LIDA) with a group‐oriented registration (GOREG) for proton MR imaging of lung ventilation
Authors: Voskrebenzev Andreas , Gutberlet Marcel , Kaireit Till F. , Wacker Frank , Vogel‐Claussen Jens 
Published: November 2016

PurposeTo compare low‐pass imaging dynamic acquisitions (LIDA) approach in combination with a group‐oriented registration (GOREG) scheme with conventional Fourier decomposition (FD).MethodsDynamic images of six healthy volunteers and one chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patient were acquired on a 1.5 Tesla scanner using a spoiled gradient echo sequence. For the volunteers each slice was acquired during regular (RB) and irregular breathing (IB). For conventional registration (CR), all images were directly registered to the intermediate respiratory position. For the group‐oriented registration (GOREG) a group‐based step‐by‐step scheme was used. The registered datasets were evaluated with FD and LIDA. The image quality was assessed by image sharpness metric and parenchyma‐vessel contrast. The GOREG+LIDA and CR+FD results were compared with computed tomography (CT) in a patient with COPD. To show feasibility of the presented method at 3 Tesla (T), a healthy volunteer was included, who was scanned at 1.5T and 3T on the same day.ResultsImproved image sharpness (predominantly by GOREG, P < 0.0125) and contrast (predominantly by LIDA, P < 0.0125) were obtained for RB and IB. Synergetic improvements were found for GOREG+LIDA. Hypoventilated regions in the COPD patient calculated with GOREG+LIDA showed a good agreement with emphysema identified by CT.ConclusionGOREG+LIDA can be used to calculate quantitative ventilation images with improved image quality, which is an important step toward clinical translation of this method. The presented method is also feasible at 3T. Magn Reson Med 78:1496–1505, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Treatment effectiveness and fidelity of manual therapy to the knee: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Salamh Paul , Cook Chad , Reiman Michael P. , Sheets Charles 
Published: November 2016

AbstractManual therapy (MT) is a commonly used treatment for knee osteoarthritis (OA) but to date only one systematic review has explored its effectiveness. The purpos e of the present study was to perform a systematic review and meta‐analysis of the literature, to determine the effectiveness and fidelity of studies using MT techniques in individuals with knee OA. Relevant studies were assessed for inclusion. Effectiveness was measured using effect sizes, and methodological bias and treatment fidelity were both explored. Effect sizes were calculated using standardized mean differences (SMD) based on pooled data depending on statistical and clinical heterogeneity, as well as risk of bias. The search captured 2,969 studies; after screening, 12 were included. Four had a low risk of bias and high treatment fidelity. For self‐reported function, comparing MT with no treatment resulted in a large effect size (standardized mean difference [SMD] 0.84), as did adding MT to a comparator treatment (SMD 0.78). A significant difference was found for pain when adding MT to a comparator treatment (SMD 0.73). The findings in the present meta‐analytical review support the use of MT versus a number of different comparators for improvement in self‐reported knee function. Lesser support is present for pain reduction, and no endorsement of functional performance can be made at this time.
Stress, fatigue, and sleep quality leading up to and following a stressful life event
Authors: Van Laethem Michelle , Beckers Debby G.J. , Dijksterhuis Ap , Geurts Sabine A.E. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis study aims to examine (a) the time course of stress, fatigue, and sleep quality among PhD students awaiting a stressful event and (b) whether daily anticipation of this event influences day‐level stress, fatigue, and sleep quality. Forty‐four PhD students completed evening and morning questionnaires on eight days from 1 month before their dissertation defense until one month thereafter. Results showed increased stress leading up to the defense, while fatigue and sleep quality remained unchanged. Comparing the night before the defense with the night after, stress rapidly decreased, whereas fatigue and sleep quality increased. Following the defense, stress and sleep quality remained stable, whereas fatigue declined. Stress 1 month before the defense was higher than 1 month thereafter. Regarding day‐level relations, stress was adversely affected by negative anticipation and favorably by positive outcome expectancy, whereas positive anticipation had no influence. Positive outcome expectancy was an important predictor of improved sleep quality. We conclude that stress may be elevated long before a stressful event takes place but that one can recover rather quickly from temporary stress. Positive outcome expectancy of a stressful event may be an important predictor of reduced day‐level stress and improved day‐level sleep quality leading up to a stressful event.
Descriptive analysis of different phenotypes of cardiac remodeling in fetal growth restriction
Authors: Rodríguez‐López M. , Cruz‐Lemini M. , Valenzuela‐Alcaraz B. , Garcia‐Otero L. , Sitges M. , Bijnens B. , Gratacós E. , Crispi F. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo identify different cardiac phenotypes among cases of fetal growth restriction (FGR).MethodsEchocardiography was performed in 126 cases with FGR (birth weight < 10th centile) and 64 appropriate‐for‐gestational‐age (AGA) fetuses. Principal component and cluster analyses were performed to identify different cardiac phenotypes among FGR cases.ResultsThree different cardiac phenotypes were identified among the FGR group: globular in 54% of cases, elongated in 29% of cases and hypertrophic in 17% of cases. Those with a globular heart had the lowest median left‐ventricular sphericity index (controls, 1.78 (interquartile range (IQR), 1.62–1.97); FGR elongated, 1.92 (IQR, 1.78–2.09); FGR globular, 1.44 (IQR, 1.36–1.52); FGR hypertrophic, 1.65 (IQR, 1.42–1.77); P = 0.001). FGR cases with an elongated left ventricle had nearly normal cardiac dimensions. FGR cases with a hypertrophic phenotype had the highest median left‐ventricular wall thickness (controls, 1.22 (IQR, 1.10–1.67) mm/kg; FGR elongated, 1.52 (IQR, 1.28–1.86) mm/kg; FGR globular, 1.65 (IQR, 1.39–1.99) mm/kg; FGR hypertrophic, 3.68 (IQR, 3.45–4.71) mm/kg; P = 0.001) and cardiac dimensions. Globular and elongated phenotypes showed a fetoplacental profile of late‐onset FGR, while the hypertrophic phenotype showed signs of early‐onset FGR. The hypertrophic group also had the poorest perinatal results, having the lowest birth‐weight centile, gestational age at delivery and Apgar score and the highest postnatal blood pressure and aorta intima–media thickness.ConclusionsFGR induces at least three different cardiac phenotypes, with early‐onset FGR cases being associated with a hypertrophic response and worse perinatal outcomes. This cardiac phenotypic classification may improve identification of FGR cases with the highest perinatal and long‐term cardiovascular risks. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Change in maternal cardiac output from preconception to mid‐pregnancy is associated with birth weight in healthy pregnancies
Authors: Mahendru A. A. , Foo F. L. , McEniery C. M. , Everett T. R. , Wilkinson I. B. , Lees C. C. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTObjectiveBirth weight (BW) is thought to be determined by maternal health and genetic, nutritional and placental factors, the latter being influenced by anatomical development and perfusion. Maternal cardiovascular changes contribute to uteroplacental perfusion; however, they have not yet been investigated in relation to fetal growth or BW. Our aim was to explore the relationship between maternal cardiovascular adaptation, fetal growth and BW in healthy pregnancies.MethodsThis was a longitudinal prospective study of women planning to conceive a pregnancy. Maternal cardiac output (CO), cardiac index (CI), pulse‐wave velocity, aortic augmentation index, central blood pressure and peripheral vascular resistance were assessed prior to pregnancy and at 6, 23 and 33 weeks' gestation. Fetal growth was assessed using serial ultrasound measurements of biometry.ResultsIn total, 143 women volunteered to participate and were eligible for study inclusion. A total of 101 women conceived within 18 months and there were 64 live births with normal pregnancy outcome. There were positive correlations between BW and the pregnancy‐induced changes in CO (ρ = 0.4, P = 0.004), CI (ρ = 0.3, P = 0.02) and peripheral vascular resistance (ρ = 0.3, P = 0.02). There were significant associations between second‐to‐third‐trimester fetal weight gain and the prepregnancy‐to‐second‐trimester increase in CO (Δ, 0.8 ± 1.2 L/min; ρ = 0.3, P = 0.02) and CI (Δ, 0.4 ± 0.6 L/min/m2; ρ = 0.3, P = 0.04) and reduction in aortic augmentation index (Δ, −10 ± 9%; ρ = −0.3, P = 0.04).ConclusionsIn healthy pregnancy, incremental changes in maternal CO in early pregnancy are associated with third‐trimester fetal growth and BW. It is plausible that this association is causative as the changes predate third‐trimester fetal growth and eventual BW. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.