bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Directional Exosome Proteomes Reflect Polarity-Specific Functions in Retinal Pigmented Epithelium Monolayers
Authors: Klingeborn Mikael , Dismuke W. Michael , Skiba Nikolai P. , Kelly Una , Stamer W. Daniel , Bowes Rickman Catherine 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) forms the outer blood-retinal barrier in the eye and its polarity is responsible for directional secretion and uptake of proteins, lipoprotein particles and extracellular vesicles (EVs). Such a secretional division dictates directed interactions between the systemic circulation (basolateral) and the retina (apical). Our goal is to define the polarized proteomes and physical characteristics of EVs released from the RPE. Primary cultures of porcine RPE cells were differentiated into polarized RPE monolayers on permeable supports. EVs were isolated from media bathing either apical or basolateral RPE surfaces, and two subpopulations of small EVs including exosomes, and dense EVs, were purified and processed for proteomic profiling. In parallel, EV size distribution and concentration were determined. Using protein correlation profiling mass spectrometry, a total of 631 proteins were identified in exosome preparations, 299 of which were uniquely released apically, and 94 uniquely released basolaterally. Selected proteins were validated by Western blot. The proteomes of these exosome and dense EVs preparations suggest that epithelial polarity impacts directional release. These data serve as a foundation for comparative studies aimed at elucidating the role of exosomes in the molecular pathophysiology of retinal diseases and help identify potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers.
Fate and Transport of Shale-derived, Biogenic Methane
Authors: Hendry M. Jim , Schmeling Erin E. , Barbour S. Lee , Huang M. , Mundle Scott O. C. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractNatural gas extraction from unconventional shale gas reservoirs is the subject of considerable public debate, with a key concern being the impact of leaking fugitive natural gases on shallow potable groundwater resources. Baseline data regarding the distribution, fate, and transport of these gases and their isotopes through natural formations prior to development are lacking. Here, we define the migration and fate of CH4 and δ13C-CH4 from an early-generation bacterial gas play in the Cretaceous of the Williston Basin, Canada to the water table. Our results show the CH4 is generated at depth and diffuses as a conservative species through the overlying shale. We also show that the diffusive fractionation of δ13C-CH4 (following glaciation) can complicate fugitive gas interpretations. The sensitivity of the δ13C-CH4 profile to glacial timing suggests it may be a valuable tracer for characterizing the timing of geologic changes that control transport of CH4 (and other solutes) and distinguishing between CH4 that rapidly migrates upward through a well annulus or other conduit and CH4 that diffuses upwards naturally. Results of this study were used to provide recommendations for designing baseline investigations.
Full left ventricular coverage is essential for the accurate quantification of the area-at-risk by T1 and T2 mapping
Authors: Bulluck Heerajnarain , Bryant Jennifer A. , Lim Mei Xing , Tan Xiao Wei , Ramlall Manish , Francis Rohin , Kotecha Tushar , Cabrera-Fuentes Hector A. , Knight Daniel S. , Fontana Marianna , Moon James C. , Hausenloy Derek J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractT2-weighted cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) using a 3-slice approach has been shown to accurately quantify the edema-based area-at-risk (AAR) in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). We aimed to compare the performance of a 3-slice approach to full left ventricular (LV) coverage for the AAR by T1 and T2 mapping and MI size. Forty-eight STEMI patients were prospectively recruited and underwent a CMR at 4 ± 2 days. There was no difference between the AARfull LV and AAR3-slices by T1 (P = 0.054) and T2-mapping (P = 0.092), with good correlations but small biases and wide limits of agreements (T1-mapping: N = 30, R2 = 0.85, bias = 1.7 ± 9.4% LV; T2-mapping: N = 48, R2 = 0.75, bias = 1.7 ± 12.9% LV). There was also no significant difference between MI size3-slices and MI sizefull LV (P = 0.93) with an excellent correlation between the two (R2 0.92) but a small bias of 0.5% and a wide limit of agreement of ±7.7%. Although MSI was similar between the 2 approaches, MSI3-slices performed poorly when MSI was <0.50. Furthermore, using AAR3-slices and MI sizefull LV resulted in ‘negative’ MSI in 7/48 patients. Full LV coverage T1 and T2 mapping are more accurate than a 3-slice approach for delineating the AAR, especially in those with MSI < 0.50 and we would advocate full LV coverage in future studies.
P2X7 receptor antagonism modulates IL-1β and MMP9 in human atherosclerotic vessels
Authors: Lombardi Maria , Mantione Maria Elena , Baccellieri Domenico , Ferrara David , Castellano Renata , Chiesa Roberto , Alfieri Ottavio , Foglieni Chiara 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn atherosclerosis, matrix metallopeptidases (MMPs) contribute to plaque rupture through weakening of the fibrous cap. Pleiotropic P2X purinoceptor 7 (P2X7), expressed in the carotid plaque (PL), is involved in interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) release that may influence MMP9 generation, thus their possible modulation through acting on P2X7 was investigated. P2X7-related machinery was characterized and the effects of P2X7 antagonists (A740003, KN62) and MMPs inhibitors (Batimastat, Ro28-2653) were studied inex-vivotissue cultures of human PL’s vs. non-atherosclerotic internal mammary artery (IMA) by using molecular biology, immune-biochemical and microscopy methodologies. We highlighted atherosclerosis-related differences between PLs and IMAs molecular patterns, and their responsivity to P2X7 antagonism. High IL-1β tissue content was associated with PLs morphology and instability/vulnerability. We demonstrated that A740003, but not KN62, decreased IL-1β and MMP9 independently from NLR family pyrin domain containing 3, but in relationship with patient’s smoking status. Acting downstream P2X7 by MMPs inhibitors, diminished IL-1β mRNA without transcriptional effect at MMP9, possibly because the assumption of statin by patients. These data firstly demonstrated A740003 suitability as a specific tool to decrease inflammatory status in human vessels and might support the design of studies applying P2X7 antagonists for the local targeting and tailored therapy of atherosclerosis.
Cancer risk factors among people living with HIV/AIDS in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jin Zi-Yi , Liu Xing , Ding Ying-Ying , Zhang Zuo-Feng , He Na 
Published: July 2017

AbstractCancer is a leading cause of death among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate prevalence of cancer risk factors among Chinese PLWHA based on 102 articles. Random effects meta-analysis was used to calculate the summary prevalence estimate (sPrev) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for each cancer risk factor by demographic group. Overall, the sPrev for each risk factor among Chinese PLWHA was: 41.1% (95% CI: 35.3–46.9%) for current smoking; 30.3% (95% CI: 23.3–37.4%) for current alcohol consumption; 24.4% (95% CI: 14.7–30.2%) for overweight and obesity; 12.5% (95% CI: 10.6–14.3%) for hepatitis B virus infection; 29.1% (95% CI: 23.6–34.5%) for hepatitis C virus infection; 33.9% (95% CI: 24.3–43.5%) for high-risk human papillomavirus infection from cervical samples and 78.6% (95% CI: 69.4–87.7%) from anal samples; 2.7% (95% CI: 0.7–4.7%) for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) immunoglobulin M (IgM) positivity, 94.7% (95% CI: 90.7–98.8%) for EBV IgG positivity and 25.6% (95% CI: 12.4–38.8%) for EBV DNA positivity; 14.9% (95% CI: 12.4–17.4%) for human herpes virus 8 infection. The prevalence of major cancer risk factors was high among PLWHA in China, suggesting an urgent need for interventions to reduce cancer risk in this high-risk group.
Self-powered ZnS Nanotubes/Ag Nanowires MSM UV Photodetector with High On/Off Ratio and Fast Response Speed
Authors: An Qinwei , Meng Xianquan , Xiong Ke , Qiu Yunlei 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn this study, we design and demonstrate a novel type of self-powered UV photodetectors (PDs) using single-crystalline ZnS nanotubes (NTs) as the photodetecting layer and Ag nanowires (NWs) network as transparent electrodes. The self-powered UV PDs with asymmetric metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) structure exhibit attractive photovoltaic characteristic at 0 V bias. Device performance analysis reveals that the as-assembled PDs have a high on/off ratio of 19173 and a fast response speed (τr = 0.09 s, τf = 0.07 s) without any external bias. These values are even higher than that of ZnS nanostructures- and ZnS heterostructure-based PDs at a large bias voltage. Besides, its UV sensivity, responsivity and detectivity at self-powered mode can reach as high as 19172, 2.56 A/W and 1.67 × 1010 cm Hz1/2 W−1, respectively. In addition, the photosensing performance of the self-powered UV PDs is studied in different ambient conditions (e.g., in air and vacuum). Moreover, a physical model based on band energy theory is proposed to explain the origin of the self-driven photoresponse characteristic in our device. The totality of the above study signifies that the present self-powered ZnS NTs-based UV nano-photodetector may have promising application in future self-powered optoelectronic devices and integrated systems.
PKCα-mediated phosphorylation of LSD1 is required for presynaptic plasticity and hippocampal learning and memory
Authors: Lim Chae-Seok , Nam Hye Jin , Lee Jaehyun , Kim Dongha , Choi Ja Eun , Kang SukJae Joshua , Kim Somi , Kim Hyopil , Kwak Chuljung , Shim Kyu-Won , Kim Siyong , Ko Hyoung-Gon , Lee Ro Un , Jang Eun-Hae , Yoo Juyoun , Shim Jaehoon , Islam Md Ariful , Lee Yong-Seok , Lee Jae-Hyung , Baek Sung Hee , Kaang Bong-Kiun 
Published: July 2017

AbstractLysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) is a histone demethylase that participates in transcriptional repression or activation. Recent studies reported that LSD1 is involved in learning and memory. Although LSD1 phosphorylation by PKCα was implicated in circadian rhythmicity, the importance of LSD1 phosphorylation in learning and memory is unknown. In this study, we examined the roles of LSD1 in synaptic plasticity and memory using Lsd1SA/SA knock-in (KI) mice, in which a PKCα phosphorylation site is mutated. Interestingly, short-term and long-term contextual fear memory as well as spatial memory were impaired in Lsd1 KI mice. In addition, short-term synaptic plasticity, such as paired pulse ratio and post-tetanic potentiation was impaired, whereas long-term synaptic plasticity, including long-term potentiation and long-term depression, was normal. Moreover, the frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic current was significantly increased, suggesting presynaptic dysfunction in Lsd1 KI mice. Consistent with this, RNA-seq analysis using the hippocampus of Lsd1 KI mice showed significant alterations in the expressions of presynaptic function-related genes. Intriguingly, LSD1n-SA mutant showed diminished binding to histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) compared to LSD1n-WT in SH-SY5Y cells. These results suggest that LSD1 is involved in the regulation of presynaptic gene expression and subsequently regulates the hippocampus-dependent memory in phosphorylation-dependent manner.
Morphology Control of Energy-Gap-Engineered Nb2O5 Nanowires and the Regioselective Growth of CdS for Efficient Carrier Transfer Across an Oxide-Sulphide Nanointerface
Authors: Shinohara Tomoki , Yamada Miyu , Sato Yuki , Okuyama Shohei , Yui Tatsuto , Yagi Masayuki , Saito Kenji 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSemiconductor nanowires with both nano- and micrometre dimensions have been used as effective materials for artificial photosynthesis; however, a single synthesis approach to provide rational control over the macroscopic morphology, which can allow for the high-throughput screening of photocatalytic performance, and carrier transfer between oxide and sulphide nanostructures has been poorly known. Our recent findings indicate that a single parameter, Nb foil thickness, in a vapor-phase synthesis method can alter the macroscopic morphology of resulting Nb2O5 nanowires. Thick Nb foil results in a free-standing Nb2O5 film, whereas a thinner foil leads to fragmentation to give a powder. During the synthesis process, a Rh dopant was provided through metal-organic chemical vapor deposition to reduce the Nb2O5 energy gap. Upon irradiation with visible light (λ > 440 nm), the free-standing nanowire film [Nb2O5:Rh-NW(F)] showed photoanodic current with a Faradaic efficiency of 99% for O2 evolution. Under identical irradiation conditions, the powdered counterpart [Nb2O5:Rh-NW(P)] showed activity for O2 evolution in the presence of an electron acceptor. The poor water-reduction ability was greatly enhanced by the Au-catalysed vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) growth of H2-evolving CdS onto the reduction sites of Nb2O5:Rh-NW(P) [Au/CdS/Nb2O5:Rh-NW(P)].
Rice Flowering Locus T 1 plays an important role in heading date influencing yield traits in rice
Authors: Zhu Yu-Jun , Fan Ye-Yang , Wang Kai , Huang De-Run , Liu Wen-Zhen , Ying Jie-Zheng , Zhuang Jie-Yun 
Published: July 2017

AbstractImportant role of flowering genes in enhancing grain productivity in rice has become well recognized for a number of key genes regulating the florigen production, but little has been known for the two florigen genes themselves. In this study, pleiotropism ofRice Flowering Locus T 1(RFT1), one of the two florigen genes in rice, was firstly evaluated using near isogenic lines (NILs) carryingRFT1alleles from theindicarice cultivars Zhenshan 97 (ZS97) and Milyang 46, respectively, and then determined by transformation of theRFT1ZS97allele into ajaponicarice variety, Zhonghua 11. TheRFT1ZS97allele was shown to delay heading and increase plant height, grain weight, grain number and grain yield, indicating thatRFT1plays an important role in the growth and development of rice. This study has also validated the potential of using a new type of genetic resource, sequential residual heterozygotes (SeqRHs), for QTL fine-mapping. A step-by-step approach was employed for SeqRHs identification, NIL development and QTL fine-mapping. The heterozygous segments and candidate QTL regions were gradually narrowed down. Eventually, the QTL region was delimited to a 1.7 kb region containing a single gene.
Osteogenic Factor Runx2 Marks a Subset of Leptin Receptor-Positive Cells that Sit Atop the Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Hierarchy
Authors: Yang Mengyu , Arai Atsushi , Udagawa Nobuyuki , Hiraga Toru , Lijuan Zhao , Ito Susumu , Komori Toshihisa , Moriishi Takeshi , Matsuo Koichi , Shimoda Kouji , Zahalka Ali H. , Kobayashi Yasuhiro , Takahashi Naoyuki , Mizoguchi Toshihide 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBone marrow mesenchymal stem and progenitor cells (BM-MSPCs) maintain homeostasis of bone tissue by providing osteoblasts. Although several markers have been identified for labeling of MSPCs, these labeled cells still contain non-BM-MSPC populations. Studies have suggested that MSPCs are observed as leptin receptor (LepR)-positive cells, whereas osteoblasts can be classified as positive for Runx2, a master regulator for osteoblastogenesis. Here, we demonstrate, using Runx2-GFP reporter mice, that the LepR-labeled population contains Runx2-GFPlow sub-population, which possesses higher fibroblastic colony-forming units (CFUs) and mesensphere capacity, criteria for assessing stem cell activity, than the Runx2-GFP− population. In response to parathyroid hormone (PTH), a bone anabolic hormone, LepR+Runx2-GFPlow cells increase Runx2 expression and form multilayered structures near the bone surface. Subsequently, the multilayered cells express Osterix and Type I collagen α, resulting in generation of mature osteoblasts. Therefore, our results indicate that Runx2 is weakly expressed in the LepR+ population without osteoblastic commitment, and the LepR+Runx2-GFPlow stromal cells sit atop the BM stromal hierarchy.
The Effect of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Methylphenidate Treatment on the Adult Auditory Temporal Order Judgment Threshold
Authors: Fostick Leah 
Published: July 2017

PurposeTheDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Editionnotes that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosed in childhood will persist into adulthood among at least some individuals. There is a paucity of evidence, however, regarding whether other difficulties that often accompany childhood ADHD will also continue into adulthood, specifically auditory processing deficits. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of ADHD and the stimulant medication methylphenidate on auditory perception performance among adults.MethodA total of 33 adults diagnosed with ADHD according toDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Editioncriteria (ADHD group) and 48 adults without ADHD (non-ADHD group) performed an auditory temporal order judgment task. Participants with ADHD performed the task twice: with and without taking methylphenidate (Ritalin), in random order.ResultsTemporal order judgment thresholds of the ADHD group were significantly higher than those of the non-ADHD group. Methylphenidate significantly decreased temporal order judgment thresholds within the ADHD group, making their performance similar to the non-ADHD participants.ConclusionsAuditory processing difficulties of those diagnosed with ADHD seem to persist into adulthood. Similar to findings with children, methylphenidate treatment improves performance on tasks requiring this ability among adults. Therefore, given the association between auditory temporal processing and linguistic skills, the beneficial effect of methylphenidate on adults' academic achievement may be accomplished by positively affecting auditory temporal processing. Further studies in this line of research are needed.
Balintarbeit und ‚die Gefühle‘ – Phänomenologische Überlegungen zum Begriff der Gefühle in der Arbeit von Balintgruppen
Authors: Langewitz Wolf , Grossheim Michael 
Published: July 2017

ZusammenfassungViele Fallbeispiele in der Balintarbeit haben eine gemeinsame Problemstellung: Habe ich so stimmig kommuniziert, dass ich eine tragfähige Arzt-Patient-Beziehung ermöglicht habe? In diesem Artikel wird ausgehend von einem Konsil bei einer todkranken Patientin und ihrem Ehemann aus der Sicht der Neuen Phänomenologie beschrieben, in welcher Art uns Gefühle begegnen und wie sie dazu beitragen können, ein Miteinander zu etablieren. Typische Probleme bei der Arbeit mit Gefühlen werden benannt: Probleme, sie eindeutig zu beschreiben, die Neigung, ihnen eine Ursache zu unterlegen und ihnen eine Richtung zuzuschreiben (z. B.: „A ist enttäuscht von B wegen …“). Gefühle werden als Atmosphären im Raum dargestellt, die leiblich ergreifen und zunächst ohne Zuordnung in ihrer phänomenologischen Breite und Tiefe gewürdigt werden. Die Liebe wird als ein Beispiel eines nicht notwendig gerichteten Gefühls vorgestellt. Balintarbeit im Allgemeinen und das Aufgreifen von Gefühlen im Besonderen entspricht dem Umgang mit Situationen, die in der Neuen Phänomenologie den Konstellationen (von Einzelnem) gegenübergestellt werden und sich durch ihre chaotische Fülle an Sachverhalten, Programmen und Problemen auszeichnen, die so reich ist, dass sie sich nie vollständig explizieren lässt. Fallarbeit ist primär chaotisch, sie führt in eine Situation und nicht in eine Konstellation tatsächlicher Sachverhalte. Der Flash-Begriff von Enid Balint ist ein Beispiel für das Schöpfen eines lebhaften Eindrucks aus dem Chaotischen, nicht vorhersehbar, nicht planbar und im Einzelnen nicht zu begründen. Das Flash-Phänomen erinnert an den Ersten Eindruck von einem anderen Menschen, der diesen in einem bestimmten Licht erscheinen lässt, wobei man sich seiner Vorstellung vom Anderen sehr sicher sein kann, ohne im Einzelnen angeben zu können, wie man zu dieser Einschätzung kommt.
Infektionen als Ursache für Fieber unklarer Genese
Authors: Salzberger Bernd , Birkenfeld Gabriele , Iberer Michael , Hitzenbichler Florian 
Published: July 2017

AbstractFever of unexplained (or unknown) origin (FUO) remains a relevant clinical problem even with modern diagnostic methods. In addition to the classical definition, new categories of FUO describe different clinical situations: nosocomial FUO, FUO in neutropenic/immundeficient patients and FUO in patients with HIV-infection. The new categories are defined by much shorter duration of fever, i. e. mostly three days. Each category of FUO shows a different spectrum of infectious diseases. Often, subacute bacterial endocarditis is very difficult to verify. In many cases, patients in intensive care suffer from FUO caused by reactivation of CMV. In patients with HIV the most important diagnostic indicator concerning the origin of infection is the degree of immundeficiency. Biological and nuclear medical (PET-CT) verification procedures have been established in diagnostics. A national or international register should be created with the purpose of data transfer and validation of strategies concerning the treatment of FUO.
Wie kann eine Balintsitzung in ein Wahlfach für Medizinstudierende sinnvoll integriert werden? Ein Erfahrungsbericht
Authors: Deinzer Anja , Bründl Max , Leyk Angelika , Kühlein Thomas 
Published: July 2017

ZusammenfassungDer Lehrstuhl für Allgemeinmedizin der Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg beschäftigt sich mit der Frage wie Medizinstudenten die praktische Bedeutung der Arzt-Patienten-Beziehung verstehbar gemacht werden kann. Im Rahmen des Wahlfaches „Anamnesetraining“ wurde Medizinstudierenden das Angebot gemacht an einer Balintsitzung teilzunehmen. Zu diesem Zweck wurde eine Balintsitzung mit den Studierenden von externen Balintgruppenleiterinnen abgehalten. Von den Erfahrungen mit diesem Projekt wird aus mehreren Perspektiven berichtet: der eines studentischen Teilnehmers, eines ärztlichen Teilnehmers, einer Balintgruppenleiterin und der Organisatorin des Kurses.Zielsetzung der Überlegungen ist es, ein Format einer Balintsitzung als Lehrangebot zu entwickeln, das den Bedürfnissen der Studierenden entgegen kommt.
Ernährungstherapie bei Diabetes
Authors: Bosy-Westphal Anja , Fieres-Keller Friederike , Müller Manfred 
Published: July 2017

AbstractNutritional therapy of patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes is based on a healthy balanced diet that is complemented by evidenced based guidelines for nutritional counselling of comorbidities like obesity, hypertension and dyslipidemia. Dietary recommendations are further individualized based on medication (i. e. for prevention of hypoglycemia) and according to personal preferences (e. g. regarding macronutrient composition). Avoidance of long-term complications and improvement of prognosis are main objectives of nutritional therapy in the vulnerable group of patients with diabetes. In normal weight patients with type 1 diabetes, optimal glycemic control is the major target of counselling. In patients with type 2 diabetes, reduction of cardiovascular risk is also in the focus of therapy. In contrast to non-diabetic patients the treatment of dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes not only requires lowering of LDL cholesterol by limitation of saturated fat intake but also needs a strategy for reduction of triglyceride levels. Both therapeutic aims can be best achieved by a high fiber low glycemic load diet with a high proportion of oleic acid.