bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Considerable improvement of entanglement swapping by considering multiphoton transitions via cavity quantum electrodynamics method
Authors: Pakniat R. , Soltani M. , Tavassoly M. K. 
Published: December 2017

Recently we studied the effect of photon addition in the initial coherent field on the entanglement swapping which causes some improvements in the process [Soltani et al., Int. J. Mod. Phys. B 31, 1750198 (2017)]. In this paper, we investigate the influence of multiphoton transitions in the atom–field interaction based on the cavity quantum electrodynamics on the entanglement swapping and show its considerable constructive effect on this process. The presented model consists of two two-level atoms namely A1and A2and two distinct cavity fields F1and F2. Initially, the atoms are prepared in a maximally entangled state and the fields in the cavities are prepared in hybrid entangled state of number and coherent states, separately. Making the atom A2to interact with the field F1(via the generalized Jaynes–Cummings model which allows m-photon transitions between atomic levels in the emission and absorption processes) followed by their detection allows us to arrive at the entanglement swapping from the two atoms A1, A2and the two fields F1, F2to the atom–field A1–F2system. Then, we pay our attention to the time evolution of success probability of detecting processes and fidelity. Also, to determine the amount of entanglement of the generated entangled state in the swapping process, the linear entropy is evaluated and the effect of parameter [Formula: see text] concerning the multiphoton transitions on these quantities is investigated, numerically. It is observed that, by increasing the number of photons in the transition process, one may obtain considerable improvement in the relevant quantities of the entanglement swapping. In detail, the satisfactorily acceptable values 1 and 0.5 corresponding to success probability and fidelity are obtained for most of the times during observing of the above-mentioned procedure. We concluded that the presented formalism in this paper is much more advantageous than our presentation model in our earlier work mentioned above.
Expression of cytokeratin 8 in human aortic smooth muscle cells
Authors: Glukhova Marina A. , Shekhonin Boris V. , Kruth Howard , Koteliansky Victor E. 
Published: December 2017

An immunofluorescence method was used to study the expression of cytokeratin 8 in human aortic smooth muscle cells (SMCs) during prenatal development and in atherosclerotic plaques. Aortic SMCs from a 10-wk-old fetus contained cytokeratin 8 in additional to vimentin and a small amount of desmin, whereas, in the cells from a 25-wk-old fetus, cytokeratin 8 was not detected. Cytokeratin 8 was found in the SMCs from intimal thickenings, fatty streaks, and atherosclerotic fibrous plaques. Clusters of cytokeratin 8-positive cells were more abundant in rather advanced lesions (fibrous plaques) that contained at least some amount of lipid. Expression of cytokeratin 8 in the cells of human atherosclerotic lesions probably reflects general rearrangement of gene expression in the intimal cells. cytodifferentiation; fetal phenotype; lipid accumulation
Alveolar uptake of lipid and protein components of surfactant
Authors: Fisher Aron B. , Dodia Chandra , Chander Avinash 
Published: December 2017

Pages L334–L340: Aron B. Fisher, Chandra Dodia, and Avinash Chander.”;Alveolar uptake of lipid and protein components of surfactant.” Page L337, Table 5, contains an incorrect value. The table should appear as follows (the corrected value appears in boldface): (See PDF)
Opium Use and Risk of Pancreatic Cancer: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Moossavi Shirin , Mohamadnejad Mehdi , Pourshams Akram , Poustchi Hossein , Islami Farhad , Sharafkhah Maryam , Mirminachi Babak , Nasseri-Moghaddam Siavosh , Semnani Shahryar , Shakeri Ramin , Etemadi Arash , Merat Shahin , Khoshnia Masoud , Dawsey Sanford M. , Pharoah Paul D. , Brennan Paul , Abnet Christian C. , Boffetta Paolo , Kamangar Farin , Malekzadeh Reza 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackground: We examined the association between opium consumption and pancreatic cancer incidence in a large-scale prospective cohort of the general population in northeastern Iran.Methods: A total of 50,045 adults were systematically followed up (median of 7.4 years), and incident cases of pancreatic cancer were identified. Self-reported data on opium consumption was collected at baseline. Cumulative use (-year) was defined as number of nokhods (a local unit, approximately 0.2 g) of opium consumed per day multiplied by number of years consuming. Adjusted HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between opium consumption and pancreatic cancer were calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression models.Results: Overall, 54 confirmed cases of pancreatic cancer were identified. Opium use of more than 81 nokhod-years (high cumulative use), compared with never use, was strongly associated with pancreatic cancer even after adjustments for multiple potential confounding factors [HR = 3.01; 95% CI, 1.25–7.26]. High cumulative consumption of opium was significantly associated with risk of pancreatic cancer after adjusting for cumulative dose of cigarette smoking [HR = 3.56; 95% CI, 1.49–8.50]. In a sensitivity analysis, we excluded participants (including 2 pancreatic cancer cases) who were recruited within the first 5 years of starting opium consumption; high cumulative use of opium was still associated with pancreatic cancer risk [HR = 2.75; 95% CI, 1.14–6.64].Conclusions: Our results showed a positive association between opium consumption and pancreatic cancer.Impact: This is the first prospective large-scale study to show the association of opium consumption with pancreatic cancer as a risk factor. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(3); 268–73. ©2017 AACR.
New‐Onset Atrial Fibrillation After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft and Long‐Term Risk of Stroke: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Megens Matthew R. , Churilov Leonid , Thijs Vincent 
Published: December 2017

Background

New‐onset atrial fibrillation (
NOAF
) after coronary artery bypass graft is related to an increased short‐term risk of stroke and mortality. We investigated whether the long‐term risk of stroke is increased.

Methods and Results

We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of studies that included patients who had coronary artery bypass graft and who afterwards developed
NOAF
during their index admission; these patients did not have previous atrial fibrillation. The primary outcome was risk of stroke at 6 months or more in patients who developed
NOAF
compared with those who did not. Odds ratios, relative risk, and hazard ratios were considered equivalent; outcomes were pooled on the log‐ratio scale using a random‐effects model and reported as exponentiated effect‐sizes. We included 16 studies, comprising 108 711 participants with a median follow‐up period of 2.05 years. Average participant age was 66.8 years, with studies including an average of 74.8% males. There was an increased long‐term risk of stroke in the presence of
NOAF
(unadjusted studies effect‐sizes=1.36, 95% confidence interval, 1.12–1.65,
P
=0.001, adjusted studies effect‐sizes=1.25, 95% confidence interval, 1.09–1.42,
P
=0.001). There was evidence of moderate effect variation because of heterogeneity in studies reporting unadjusted (
P
=0.021, I
2
=49.8%) and adjusted data (
P
=0.081, I
2
=49.1%), and publication bias in the latter group (Egger's test,
P
=0.031). Sensitivity analysis on unadjusted data by study quality, design, and surgery did not alter the effect direction.

Conclusions

Presence of
NOAF
in patients post–coronary artery bypass graft is associated with increased long‐term risk of stroke compared with patients without
NOAF
. Further studies may show whether the increased risk is mediated by atrial fibrillation and whether anticoagulation reduces risk.
Feuer und göttliche Dialektik bei Heraklit
Authors: Vassallo Christian 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis paper provides a new critical edition, with a short commentary, of col. 330 (olimfr. 17) ofP.Herc.1428, the ‘midollo’ of the roll containing Philodemus’On Piety. The autopsy of the original manuscript has allowed new readings and conjectures, which can shed new light on the doxographical context of this piece of evidence. In particular, new elements clarify the way in (and the purpose for) which Philodemus mixed the Heraclitean fragments on Fire (fr. 79 Marcovich = DK 22 B 64) and on the mixture of opposites in God (fr. 77 Marcovich = DK 22 B 67).1
Hemispheric Asymmetry in the Ventilated Thermocline of the Tropical Pacific
Authors: Kuntz L. B. , Schrag D. P. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
To understand sources of variability in the eastern equatorial Pacific, a region integral to modulating global temperatures, the waters upwelling from the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) are characterized. Past work is updated using temperature and salinity measurements from the Argo array and current measurements from Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) buoys. A larger hemispheric asymmetry is found in the water mass contribution through the ventilated thermocline to the EUC than previously reported, with 80%–90% of waters in the western Pacific originating from the Southern Hemisphere. South Pacific subtropical waters are the dominant source feeding the EUC, although in the central equatorial Pacific upper layers of the EUC experience freshening due to the addition of North Pacific waters. Anomalous volume transport, advection of anomalous waters, and shifts in hemispheric contributions contribute to variability in the EUC. These results suggest that variability in the EUC caused by anomalies in the South Pacific ventilated thermocline can explain variability in the eastern equatorial Pacific.
Excess Clinical Comorbidity Among HIV-Infected Patients Accessing Primary Care in US Community Health Centers
Authors: Mayer Kenneth H. , Loo Stephanie , Crawford Phillip M. , Crane Heidi M. , Leo Michael , DenOuden Paul , Houlberg Magda , Schmidt Mark , Quach Thu , Ruhs Sebastian , Vandermeer Meredith , Grasso Chris , McBurnie Mary Ann 
Published: December 2017

Objectives: As the life expectancy of people infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has increased, the spectrum of illness has evolved. We evaluated whether people living with HIV accessing primary care in US community health centers had higher morbidity compared with HIV-uninfected patients receiving care at the same sites. Methods: We compared data from electronic health records for 12 837 HIV-infected and 227 012 HIV-uninfected patients to evaluate the relative prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, dyslipidemia, and malignancies by HIV serostatus. We used multivariable logistic regression to evaluate differences. Participants were patients aged ≥18 who were followed for ≥3 years (from January 2006 to December 2016) in 1 of 17 community health centers belonging to the Community Health Applied Research Network. Results: Nearly two-thirds of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected patients lived in poverty. Compared with HIV-uninfected patients, HIV-infected patients were significantly more likely to be diagnosed and/or treated for diabetes (odds ratio [OR] = 1.18; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.22-1.41), hypertension (OR = 1.38; 95% CI, 1.31-1.46), dyslipidemia (OR = 2.30; 95% CI, 2.17-2.43), chronic kidney disease (OR = 4.75; 95% CI, 4.23-5.34), lymphomas (OR = 4.02; 95% CI, 2.86-5.67), cancers related to human papillomavirus (OR = 5.05; 95% CI, 3.77-6.78), or other cancers (OR = 1.25; 95% CI, 1.10-1.42). The prevalence of stroke was higher among HIV-infected patients (OR = 1.32; 95% CI, 1.06-1.63) than among HIV-uninfected patients, but the prevalence of myocardial infarction or coronary artery disease did not differ between the 2 groups. Conclusions: As HIV-infected patients live longer, the increasing burden of noncommunicable diseases may complicate their clinical management, requiring primary care providers to be trained in chronic disease management for this population.
The experiences of stroke survivors with managing eating 6 months post stroke
Authors: Jones Natalie , Nasr Nasrin 
Published: December 2017

Introduction: Stroke affects activities of daily living such as eating. Little is known about how stroke survivors cope with eating difficulties in the long term. This research conducted in the United Kingdom explores the complex phenomenon of eating difficulties 6 months post stroke. Method: This qualitative study used a participatory approach to explore the experiences of seven stroke survivors using a focus group and visual methods of photography, to explore the lived experiences of managing eating with a stroke disability. Findings: Participants ( n = 8) identified barriers to managing eating including physical, social, environmental and emotional issues. Participants recognised that sustaining eating activities regardless of their disabilities was important for their wellbeing. Stroke survivors sought opportunities to participate in occupations that revolved around eating, which enabled them to experience mastery over eating activities. Participants viewed eating activities as a way to self-monitor recovery and progression. Conclusion: This study informs occupational therapy practice about how people living with stroke strive to adapt to eating difficulties.
Goal-directed occupational therapy for children with unilateral cerebral palsy: Categorising and quantifying session content
Authors: Branjerdporn Nataya , Ziviani Jenny , Sakzewski Leanne 
Published: December 2017

Introduction There is strong evidence that goal-directed occupational therapy achieves improvements in motor and self-care outcomes for children with unilateral cerebral palsy. This pilot study aimed to describe collaborative goals set in occupational therapy sessions, develop categories to describe session content and determine the percentage of in-session time spent addressing goal practice for children with unilateral cerebral palsy. Method Videos of 10 therapy sessions with 10 unique child–therapist dyads were analysed. Session content was categorised into goal practice (goal-directed therapy, meaningful goal-supporting activity) and other activity (non-goal-related, child engagement and behavioural support, parent engagement, transition). Descriptive statistics determined the percentage of in-session time spent in goal practice. Results Forty-three goals were set and 41 (95%) were activity focused. Mean percentage of time spent in-session on goal practice was 47.5% (SD 31.1%, range 0%–88.1%). Child behavioural support (4.9%), engaging parents (3.2%), transitioning between activities (6.7%) and non-goal-related activity (45.3%) comprised the remaining session time. Conclusion Less than half of session time was spent in goal practice, despite being conducted under a goal-directed framework. Non-goal-related activities comprised nearly half of in-session time. Therapists need to consider how to maximise time spent in goal practice during therapy sessions.
Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Food Made From Locally Available Food Ingredients Is Well Accepted by Children Having Severe Acute Malnutrition in Bangladesh
Authors: Choudhury Nuzhat , Ahmed Tahmeed , Hossain Md Iqbal , Islam M. Munirul , Sarker Shafiqul A. , Zeilani Mamane , Clemens John David 
Published: December 2017

Background: With a prevalence of 3.1%, approximately, 450 000 children in Bangladesh are having severe acute malnutrition (SAM). There is currently no national community-based program run by government to take care of these children, one of the reasons being lack of access to ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF). Objective: To develop RUTF using locally available food ingredients and test its acceptability. Methods: A checklist was prepared for all food ingredients available and commonly consumed in Bangladesh that have the potential of being used for developing a RUTF. Linear programming was used to identify the combinations of nutrients that would result in an ideal RUTF. To test the acceptability of 2 local RUTFs compared to the prototype RUTF, Plumpy’Nut, a clinical trial with a crossover design was conducted among 30 children in the Dhaka Hospital of International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh. The acceptability was determined by using the mean proportion of offered food consumed by the children themselves. Results: Two RUTFs were developed, one based on chickpea and the other on rice–lentils. The total energy content of 100 g of chickpea and rice–lentil-based RUTF were 537.4 and 534.5 kcal, protein 12.9 and 13.5 g, and fat 31.8 and 31.1 g, respectively, without any significant difference among the group. On an average, 85.7% of the offered RUTF amount was consumed by the children in 3 different RUTF groups which implies that all types of RUTF were well accepted by the children. Conclusion: Ready-to-use therapeutic foods were developed using locally available food ingredients—rice, lentil, and chickpeas. Chickpea-based and rice–lentil-based RUTF were well accepted by children with SAM.
Candidate prognostic indicators in cats with histoplasmosis treated with antifungal therapy
Authors: Ludwig Hilary C , Hanzlicek Andrew S , KuKanich Kate S , Payton Mark E 
Published: December 2017

Objectives The aim of this study was to retrospectively identify candidate prognostic indicators in cats with histoplasmosis treated with antifungal therapy. Methods Medical records of cats diagnosed with histoplasmosis were reviewed. Candidate prognostic indicators were assessed for an association with survival to hospital discharge and survival to 1 and 6 months after diagnosis. Potential indicators included easily obtained data at the time of the initial hospital visit derived from cat signalment, historical information, physical examination, laboratory data, form of disease and initial treatment. Results Approximately 88% of cats survived to discharge, with 77% and 67% surviving to 1 and 6 months, respectively. Clinical variables significantly associated with death at more than one outcome time point included the presence of dyspnea, adventitial lung sounds, fungemia, neurologic disease, neutropenia, lymphopenia, multiple cytopenias (anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia), hyperbilirubinemia and increased creatinine kinase activity. Cats that did not survive were more likely to have received corticosteroids, oxygen supplementation and required hospitalization. In addition, cats that did not survive required significantly longer hospitalization. There was no significant difference between initial antifungal drug and survival. Conclusions and relevance Potential prognostic indicators were associated with more severe respiratory, hepatic, hematologic or neurologic disease. Prospective investigation concerning clinical indicators of disease severity of these body systems is indicated.
Test–retest agreement and reliability of the Six Spot Step Test in persons with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Callesen Jacob , Richter Christina , Kristensen Cecilie , Sunesen Inger , Næsby Marie , Dalgas Ulrik , Skjerbæk Anders Guldhammer 
Published: December 2017

Background: The Six Spot Step Test (SSST) extends traditional walking outcomes in persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) by further challenging components of coordination and balance. Nonetheless, the test–retest agreement of the SSST has not been investigated. Objective: To determine the within-day, day-to-day, and inter-rater agreement and reliability of the SSST in PwMS. A secondary aim was to investigate the validity of handheld timing. Methods: A total of 38 PwMS with an Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) <6.5 completed two SSSTs with a 5-minute break in-between. After 2 days, this procedure was repeated. Bland–Altman analysis was performed to determine the 95% Limits of Agreement (LOA) and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) was calculated. In a subgroup of 18 PwMS, the SSSTs were video-recorded and timed by a second investigator. Results: The relative LOA within and between days were ±15% and ±19%, while ICC were 0.987 and 0.983, respectively. A minor learning effect was found over four tests. The handheld timing error was ±0.5 seconds when compared to video-based timing. Conclusion: The SSST has an acceptable within- and between-day agreement and reliability. For interventional purposes, a change of >19% can be regarded as a real change. Valid timing can be performed by a handheld stopwatch.
Urogenital tuberculosis, the cause of ineffective antibacterial therapy for urinary tract infections
Authors: Kulchavenya Ekaterina , Cherednichenko Andrey 
Published: December 2017

Background: Urogenital tuberculosis (UGTB) is one of the great imitators; it is commonly masked by urinary tract infections (UTIs). We aimed to estimate how many UGTB patients were among patients with a long history of UTIs. Material and Methods: A total of 244 patients with recurrent UTIs and suspected UGTB were enrolled in an open, noncomparative prospective study. Their urine and expressed prostate secretion or ejaculate were cultured (a total of 1446 samples), and 421 isolates with growth of ⩾104 colony-forming units (CFU)/ml were investigated for drug resistance. Typically, UGTB diagnosis is made by individual case. Results: All 244 patients had a long history of recurrent UTIs (on average, 7.9 ± 3.4 years); all received at least five courses of antibacterial therapy without good result. UGTB was diagnosed in 63 (25.8%), and in 41 of these (65.1%), there was comorbidity of UTI and UGTB. Of 1446 samples investigated, 421 (29.1%) were positive, and 1025 were negative. Escherichia coli was found in 57.3% of gram-negative microflora and in 29.0% only among all uropathogens. E. coli was resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanate in 51.5–57.1%, to cefotaxime in 50.0–52.0%, to gentamycin in 33.3–59.5%, to ciprofloxacin in 63.2–66.7%, to levofloxacin in 54.8–45.2%, and to nitrofurantoin in 23.5–20.8% in 2015 and 2016, respectively. If, in 2015, all isolates of E. coli were susceptible to imipenem, in 2016, 7.1% of strains were resistant to this antibiotic. Level of drug-resistance was higher in 2016, excluding only levofloxacin and nitrofurantoin. Conclusions: Total prevalence of UGTB among UTI patients with poor results of antibacterial therapy was 25.8%. Comorbidity of UTI and UGTB was diagnosed in 65.1%.
Investigating the use of an electronic hand hygiene monitoring and prompt device: influence and acceptability
Authors: Dyson Judith , Madeo Maurice 
Published: December 2017

Introduction: Hand hygiene (HH) prevents the transmission of healthcare-associated infections. Electronic HH monitoring and prompt devices have been developed to overcome problems with monitoring HH and to improve compliance. Devices monitor room entry and exit and soap use through communication between ceiling sensors and badges worn by practitioners and the badges sense alcohol rub. Objectives: To investigate (1) the impact of devices on HH compliance, (2) how devices influence behaviour and (3) the experience and opinions of practitioners on the use devices. Methods: HH compliance was monitored (before, during and after system installation) by observations and alcohol rub usage. Compliance during installation was also monitored by the device. Healthcare practitioner interviews (n = 12) explored how the device influenced behaviour and experiences and opinions of wearing the device. Results: HH compliance improved during the period the device was installed. Practitioners reported the device increased their awareness, enhancing their empathy for patients and encouraged patients and colleagues to prompt when HH was needed. Practitioners’ reported better HH, gaming the system and feelings of irritation. Conclusion: HH prompt and monitoring systems seem to improve compliance but improvements may be undermined by practitioner irritation and system gaming.