bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic Trauma Effects on Personality Traits in Police Officers
Authors: Leigh Wills Jennifer , Schuldberg David 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe impact of cumulative occupational exposure to traumatic events (TEs), posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms, and work environment stress on personality traits over time was examined in 38 police officers from an urban agency. California Psychological Inventory (CPI) personality trait scores from prehire evaluations were compared with follow‐up CPI scores to test whether exposure to traumatic events was correlated with changes in traits from baseline to 5–10 years later. Measures of occupational TEs, PTS symptoms, and police work environment stress were administered. Mean trait scores declined on all CPI traits analyzed in the study. Trait change was evaluated using the Reliable Change Index; change in participants’ scores unlikely to occur by chance ranged from 11% to 63% in the traits examined. All participants reported substantial TE exposure. PTS symptoms were correlated with steeper decline in 4 of 5 traits, with effect sizes ranging from r = −.47 to r = −.67. Scores on measures of job‐related TEs were negatively correlated with only one CPI trait (empathy) at T2 (r = −.31), and were unrelated to slope of trait change. Work environment stress was significantly related to gender, with female officers reporting higher levels of operational (r = .45) and organizational (r = .54) stress.
Spatial plasticity of the auditory cortex in single‐sided deafness
Authors: Chang Jolie L. , Pross Seth E. , Findlay Anne M. , Mizuiri Danielle , Henderson‐Sabes Jennifer , Garrett Coleman , Nagarajan Srikantan S. , Cheung Steven W. 
Published: March 2016

Objectives/HypothesisTo evaluate spatial plasticity of the auditory cortex in single‐sided deafness (SSD).Study DesignCross‐sectional study comparing a cohort with adult‐onset, idiopathic SSD to a cohort with normal hearing.MethodsDemographic, audiometric, magnetoencephalographic imaging, and magnetic resonance imaging data were collected for 13 SSD adult subjects and 13 normal‐hearing controls. Locations of peak activation corresponding to the M100 response in auditory cortices ipsilateral and contralateral to tonal stimuli (0.5 kHz and 4 kHz) were extracted from advanced biomagnetic source imaging analyses. Spatial extent of frequency representation across the 0.5 kHz to 4 kHz zone was computed for the two hemispheres.ResultsSpatial separation distance between peak locations for 0.5 kHz and 4 kHz stimuli in SSD showed increased activation spread distance in the hemisphere contralateral to the only hearing ear and decreased distance in the ipsilateral hemisphere. In contrast, normal hearing controls had nearly the same activation spread distance in the two hemispheres for ipsilateral and contralateral inputs. The difference between interhemispheric activation spread distance in SSD is significantly increased to 6.5 mm, when compared to 1.7 mm in normal controls (P < .05).ConclusionsLoss of unilateral peripheral input in SSD is associated with spatial reorganization of the auditory cortex in both hemispheres. This change in central auditory functional organization may in turn lead to higher order hearing deficits that rely on interhemispheric processing. Hearing optimization in the only hearing ear may require remediation of both spatial and temporal central auditory changes in SSD.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 126:2785–2791, 2016
High‐stability organic red‐light photodetector for narrowband applications
Authors: Li Wenhai , Li Dong , Dong Guifang , Duan Lian , Sun Jialin , Zhang Deqiang , Wang Liduo 
Published: March 2016

AbstractRed‐light photodetectors without filters are in urgent need for narrowband applications such as full‐color imaging and multi‐output visible light communication (VLC). However, their development is hindered by the lack of small‐band‐gap and narrowband response materials. Without wavelength filters, a new type of photodetector with a simple single‐layer architecture is developed, based on a stable small‐band‐gap squarylium dye and characterized by a detectivity peak at 680 nm and full width at half maximum of 80 nm. The device, which exhibits high stability in air and humid conditions, shows a significantly low dark current of ∼2 nA·cm−2 at −2 V and high specific detectivity of 3.2 × 1012 Jones. The response current ratio of the device to red, green, and blue lights with a luminous flux amplitude ratio of 3:6:1 (standard ratio for white light) is 100:12:1.1. These properties indicate that the squarylium dye red‐light photodetectors are promising for VLC and other narrowband optoelectronic applications.
image
Enzymatic Modification of Soluble Cyanophycin Using the Type II Peptidyl Arginine Deiminase from Oryctolagus cuniculus
Authors: Wiefel Lars , Steinbüchel Alexander 
Published: March 2016

An increased structural variety expands the number of putative applications for cyanophycin (multi‐l‐arginyl‐poly‐[l‐aspartic acid], CGP). Therefore, structural modifications of CGP are of major interest; these are commonly obtained by modification and optimization of the bacterial producing strain or by chemical modification. In this study, an enzymatic modification of arginine side chains from lysine‐rich CGP is demonstrated using the peptidyl arginine deiminase from Oryctolagus cuniculus, purified from Escherichia coli after heterologous expression. About 10% of the arginine side chains are converted to citrulline which corresponds to 4% of the polymer's total side chains. An inhibition of the reaction in the presence of small amounts of l‐citrulline is observed, thereby explaining the low conversion rate. CGP dipeptides can be modified with about 7.5 mol% of the Asp‐Arg dipeptides being converted to Asp‐Cit. These results show that the enzymatic modification of CGP is feasible, opening up a whole new area of possible CGP modifications for further research.
image
A flexible fast spin echo triple‐echo Dixon technique
Authors: Son Jong Bum , Hwang Ken‐Pin , Madewell John E. , Bayram Ersin , Hazle John D. , Low Russell N. , Ma Jingfei 
Published: March 2016

PurposeTo develop a flexible fast spin echo (FSE) triple‐echo Dixon (FTED) technique.MethodsAn FSE pulse sequence was modified by replacing each readout gradient with three fast‐switching bipolar readout gradients with minimal interecho dead time. The corresponding three echoes were used to generate three raw images with relative phase shifts of −θ, 0, and θ between water and fat signals. A region growing–based two‐point Dixon phase correction algorithm was used to joint process two separate pairs of the three raw images, yielding a final set of water‐only and fat‐only images. The flexible FTED technique was implemented on 1.5T and 3.0T scanners and evaluated in five subjects for fat‐suppressed T2‐weighted imaging and in one subject for post‐contrast fat‐suppressed T1‐weighted imaging.ResultsThe flexible FTED technique achieved a high data acquisition efficiency, comparable to that of FSE, and was flexible in scan protocols. The joint two‐point Dixon phase correction algorithm helped to ensure consistency in the processing of the two separate pairs of raw images. Reliable and uniform separation of water and fat was achieved in all of the test cases.ConclusionThe flexible FTED technique incorporates the benefits of both FSE and Dixon imaging and provided more flexibility than the original FTED in applications such as fat‐suppressed T2‐weighted and T1‐weighted imaging. Magn Reson Med 77:1049–1057, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
An efficient method for estimating global sensitivity indices
Authors: Yun Wanying , Lu Zhenzhou , Jiang Xian , Liu Shiyu 
Published: March 2016

SummaryAn efficient method is proposed to estimate the first‐order global sensitivity indices based on failure probability and variance by using maximum entropy theory and Nataf transformation. The computational cost of this proposed method is quite small, and the proposed method can efficiently overcome the ‘dimensional curse’ due to dimensional reduction technique. Ideas for the estimation of higher‐order sensitivity indices are discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Heavy childhood television use persists into young adulthood and is associated with increased BMI
Authors: York Chance 
Published: March 2016

ObjectiveTo test whether TV use has both concurrent effects on body mass index (BMI) at the time of survey interviews and long‐term, enduring effects via the promotion of future levels of TV use.MethodsTwo waves of survey data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics were used to test relationships between TV use and BMI among a nationally representative sample of children and their parents (n = 1,421). Path analysis was used to model effects of childhood (1997) levels of TV use and BMI on the same variables 14 years later (2011).ResultsPath analysis showed childhood TV use was associated positively with childhood BMI (β = 0.08, P < 0.05), and young adult TV use was related positively to young adult BMI (β = 0.10, P < 0.01). Heavy childhood TV use also persisted into young adulthood (β = 0.15, P < 0.001), indirectly increasing young adult BMI (β = 0.02, P < 0.05).ConclusionsHeavy childhood TV users tend to become heavy young adult users. The continuation of TV behavior from childhood to young adulthood independently increases BMI.
Tandem Arylation/Friedel‐Crafts Reaction of O‐Hydroxy Bisbenzylic Alcohols with Diaryliodonium Salts: One Pot Synthesis of Unsymmetrical 9‐Arylxanthenes
Authors: Mao Song , Hua Zerui , Wu Xunshen , Yang Yang , Han Jianwei , Wang Limin 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA one‐pot synthesis of 9‐arylxanthenes from easily prepared o‐hydroxy bisbenzylic alcohols and diaryliodonium salts has been reported. O‐hydroxy bisbenzylic alcohols were utilized to generate carbinols in situ with diaryliodonium salts promoted by base. Carbinols were then subjected to Brønsted acid catalyzed cyclization to furnish 9‐arylxanthenes. A variety of symmetrical and unsymmetrical 9‐aryxanthenes have been prepared assisted by base and Brønsted acid under mild conditions with satisfactory yields (up to 95 % yield). Furthermore, the procedure is capable of tolerating a wide range of substrates (36 examples).
Polyiminopyridines based networks as supports to heterogenize iron(II) complexes. Application as efficient and selective ecofriendly catalysts.
Authors: Maya Eva M. , Verde‐Sesto Ester , de la Campa José G. , Iglesias Marta 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA series of polyiminopyridines (PIPys) were reported and used as supports to prepare heterogenized‐iron catalysts (FePIPys). The resulting PIPys exhibit moderate surface areas (SBET ≈ 200 m2 g−1) and high chemical and thermal stability. The catalytic performance of FePIPys–catalyts was studied in the acetalization of furfural and 5‐hydroxymethyl furfural to yield compounds of potential interest as diesel additives. The structure of the polyiminopyridine support has great influence in the catalytic performance and recyclability; all catalysts maintained the activity and the selectivity after several cycles.
Mathematical modeling of cardiac growth and remodeling
Authors: Lee L.C. , Kassab G.S. , Guccione J.M. 
Published: March 2016

This review provides an overview of the current state of mathematical models of cardiac growth and remodeling (G&R). We concisely describe the experimental observations associated with cardiac G&R and discuss existing mathematical models that describe this process. To facilitate the discussion, we have organized the G&R models in terms of (1) the physical focus (biochemical vs mechanical) and (2) the process that they describe (myocyte hypertrophy vs extracellular matrix remodeling). The review concludes with a discussion of some possible directions that can advance the existing state of cardiac G&R mathematical modeling. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2016, 8:211–226. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1330This article is categorized under:

Analytical and Computational Methods > Computational Methods
Propensity Score Analysis of an Enhanced Recovery Programme in Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer Surgery
Authors: Karran A. , Wheat J. , Chan D. , Blake P. , Barlow R. , Lewis W. G. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to examine the influence of an enhanced recovery programme (ERP) on outcomes of upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancer surgery by means of propensity score‐matched analysis.MethodsThree hundred consecutive patients diagnosed with UGI cancer were studied prospectively before and after the introduction of an ERP. Multiple regression models, including propensity scores, were developed to assess confounding variables associated with undergoing surgery, and the risk adjusted association between treatment and length of hospital stay (LOHS).ResultsAfter regression for confounding factors, a cohort of 252 patients was available of whom 160 received ERP [median age 66 years (IQR 58–73), 119 male, 81 oesophageal, 79 gastric cancer] and 92 control [66 years (IQR 58–74), 74 male, 58 oesophageal, 34 gastric cancer]. ERP operative morbidity (Clavien–Dindo ≥3) and mortality were 13.8 and 3.1 % compared with 17.4 (p = 0.449) and 2.2 % (p = 0.658) in controls. Median ERP critical care and total LOS were 1 (IQR 0–1) and 13 (IQR 10–17) days, compared with 1 (IQR 1–2, p = 0.009) and 16 (IQR 13–26, p < 0.001) days. Multivariable analysis revealed ERP (HR 1.477, 95 % CI 1.084–2.013, p = 0.013), tumour location (HR 2.420, 95 % CI 1.624–3.606, p < 0.001), operative procedure (HR 1.143, 95 % CI 1.032–1.265, p = 0.010), and operative morbidity (HR 0.277, 95 % CI 0.179–0.429, p < 0.001) to be associated with LOHS.ConclusionAn ERP in UGI cancer surgery was feasible, safe, and effective.
Feasibility of Nipple‐Sparing Mastectomy with Immediate Breast Reconstruction in Breast Cancer Patients with Tumor‐Nipple Distance Less Than 2.0 cm
Authors: Ryu Jai Min , Nam Seok Jin , Kim Seok Won , Lee Se Kyung , Bae Soo Youn , Yi Ha Woo , Park Sungmin , Paik Hyun‐June , Lee Jeong Eon 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackground and objective
Debate continues concerning the oncological risk of nipple‐sparing mastectomy (NSM) with immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) if the tumor‐nipple distance (TND) is less than 2.0 cm. In this retrospective study, we analyzed oncological outcomes after NSM with IBR for the treatment of breast cancer to determine the risk posed by NSM in cases in which magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a TND <2.0 cm but intraoperative frozen biopsy results were negative for tumor cells at the nipple base.Materials and methods
We conducted a retrospective review of patients with breast cancer who underwent NSM with IBR at Samsung Medical Center between 2008 and 2014. Preoperative MRI was done in all cases to define the TND, and frozen biopsy specimens were obtained intraoperatively.ResultsAmong the 266 NSMs performed, TND was <2.0 cm in 145 cases (54.5 %) and ≥2.0 cm in 121 cases (45.5 %). Median follow‐up was 25.6 months. There were no significant differences between the two patient groups with respect to disease‐free survival or local recurrence‐free survival.ConclusionOur results suggest that NSM can be a feasible treatment option when the intraoperative frozen biopsy is negative for tumor cells even with a TND <2.0 cm in MRI.
US Public Health Preparedness for Zika and Other Threats Remains Vulnerable
Authors: Duchin Jeffrey S. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe unanticipated global outbreak of Zika virus infection is the most current but certainly not the last emerging infectious disease challenge to confront the US public heath system. Despite a number of such threats in recent years, significant gaps remain in core areas of public health system readiness. Stable, sustained investments are required to establish a solid foundation for achieving necessary national public health emergency preparedness and response capacity. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:298–299)
Predictors of Heavy Stethoscope Contamination Following a Physical Examination
Authors: Tschopp Clément , Schneider Alexis , Longtin Yves , Renzi Gesuele , Schrenzel Jacques , Pittet Didier 
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUNDThe degree of bacterial contamination of stethoscopes can vary significantly following a physical examination.OBJECTIVETo conduct a prospective study to investigate the impact of various environmental and patient characteristics on stethoscope contamination.METHODSFollowing a standardized examination, the levels of bacterial contamination of 4 regions of the physicians’ hands and 2 sections of the stethoscopes, and the presence of different pathogenic bacteria, were assessed. Predictors of heavy stethoscope contamination were identified through multivariate logistic regression.RESULTSIn total, 392 surfaces were sampled following examination of 56 patients. The microorganisms most frequently recovered from hands and stethoscopes were Enterococcus spp. (29% and 20%, respectively) and Enterobacteriaceae (16% and 7%, respectively). Staphylococcus aureus (either methicillin susceptible or resistant), extended-spectrum β-lactamase–producing Enterobacteriaceae, and Acinetobacter baumannii were recovered from 4%-9% of the samples from either hands or stethoscopes. There was a correlation between the likelihood of recovering these pathogens from the stethoscopes vs from the physicians’ hands (ρ=0.79; P=.04). The level of patient’s skin contamination was an independent predictor of contamination of the stethoscope diaphragm (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.001; P=.007) and tube (aOR, 1.001; P=.003). Male sex (aOR, 28.24; P=.01) and reception of a bed bath (aOR, 7.52; P=.048) were also independently associated with heavy tube contamination.CONCLUSIONSStethoscope contamination following a single physical examination is not negligible and is associated with the level of contamination of the patient’s skin. Prevention of pathogen dissemination is needed.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;37:673–679
Endothelin-1 supports clonal derivation and expansion of cardiovascular progenitors derived from human embryonic stem cells
Authors: Soh Boon-Seng , Ng Shi-Yan , Wu Hao , Buac Kristina , Park Joo-Hye C. , Lian Xiaojun , Xu Jiejia , Foo Kylie S. , Felldin Ulrika , He Xiaobing , Nichane Massimo , Yang Henry , Bu Lei , Li Ronald A. , Lim Bing , Chien Kenneth R. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractCoronary arteriogenesis is a central step in cardiogenesis, requiring coordinated generation and integration of endothelial cell and vascular smooth muscle cells. At present, it is unclear whether the cell fate programme of cardiac progenitors to generate complex muscular or vascular structures is entirely cell autonomous. Here we demonstrate the intrinsic ability of vascular progenitors to develop and self-organize into cardiac tissues by clonally isolating and expanding second heart field cardiovascular progenitors using WNT3A and endothelin-1 (EDN1) human recombinant proteins. Progenitor clones undergo long-term expansion and differentiate primarily into endothelial and smooth muscle cell lineages in vitro, and contribute extensively to coronary-like vessels in vivo, forming a functional human–mouse chimeric circulatory system. Our study identifies EDN1 as a key factor towards the generation and clonal derivation of ISL1+ vascular intermediates, and demonstrates the intrinsic cell-autonomous nature of these progenitors to differentiate and self-organize into functional vasculatures in vivo.
An extended U2AF65–RNA-binding domain recognizes the 3′ splice site signal
Authors: Agrawal Anant A. , Salsi Enea , Chatrikhi Rakesh , Henderson Steven , Jenkins Jermaine L. , Green Michael R. , Ermolenko Dmitri N. , Kielkopf Clara L. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractHow the essential pre-mRNA splicing factor U2AF65 recognizes the polypyrimidine (Py) signals of the major class of 3′ splice sites in human gene transcripts remains incompletely understood. We determined four structures of an extended U2AF65–RNA-binding domain bound to Py-tract oligonucleotides at resolutions between 2.0 and 1.5 Å. These structures together with RNA binding and splicing assays reveal unforeseen roles for U2AF65 inter-domain residues in recognizing a contiguous, nine-nucleotide Py tract. The U2AF65 linker residues between the dual RNA recognition motifs (RRMs) recognize the central nucleotide, whereas the N- and C-terminal RRM extensions recognize the 3′ terminus and third nucleotide. Single-molecule FRET experiments suggest that conformational selection and induced fit of the U2AF65 RRMs are complementary mechanisms for Py-tract association. Altogether, these results advance the mechanistic understanding of molecular recognition for a major class of splice site signals.
Neuronal activity controls transsynaptic geometry
Authors: Glebov Oleg O. , Cox Susan , Humphreys Lawrence , Burrone Juan 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe neuronal synapse is comprised of several distinct zones, including presynaptic vesicle zone (SVZ), active zone (AZ) and postsynaptic density (PSD). While correct relative positioning of these zones is believed to be essential for synaptic function, the mechanisms controlling their mutual localization remain unexplored. Here, we employ high-throughput quantitative confocal imaging, super-resolution and electron microscopy to visualize organization of synaptic subdomains in hippocampal neurons. Silencing of neuronal activity leads to reversible reorganization of the synaptic geometry, resulting in a increased overlap between immunostained AZ and PSD markers; in contrast, the SVZ-AZ spatial coupling is decreased. Bayesian blinking and bleaching (3B) reconstruction reveals that the distance between the AZ-PSD distance is decreased by 30 nm, while electron microscopy shows that the width of the synaptic cleft is decreased by 1.1 nm. Our findings show that multiple aspects of synaptic geometry are dynamically controlled by neuronal activity and suggest mutual repositioning of synaptic components as a potential novel mechanism contributing to the homeostatic forms of synaptic plasticity.
A “building block” approach to the new influenza A virus entry inhibitors with reduced cellular toxicities
Authors: Lin Dongguo , Li Fangfang , Wu Qiuyi , Xie Xiangkun , Wu Wenjiao , Wu Jie , Chen Qing , Liu Shuwen , He Jian 
Published: March 2016

AbstractInfluenza A virus (IAV) is a severe worldwide threat to public health and economic development that results in the emergence of drug-resistant or highly virulent strains. Therefore, it is imperative to develop potent anti-IAV drugs with different modes of action to currently available drugs. Herein, we show a new class of antiviral peptides generated by conjugating two known short antiviral peptides: part-1 (named Jp with the sequence of ARLPR) and part-2 (named Hp with the sequence of KKWK). The new peptides were thus created by hybridization of these two domains at C- and N- termini, respectively. The anti-IAV screening results identified that C20-Jp-Hp was the most potent peptide with IC50 value of 0.53 μM against A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) strain. Interestingly, these new peptides display lower toxicities toward mammalian cells and higher therapeutic indices than their prototypes. In addition, the mechanism of action of C20-Jp-Hp was extensively investigated.