bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional hypergraph uncovers novel covariant structures over neurodevelopment
Authors: Gu Shi , Yang Muzhi , Medaglia John D. , Gur Ruben C. , Gur Raquel E. , Satterthwaite Theodore D. , Bassett Danielle S. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBrain development during adolescence is marked by substantial changes in brain structure and function, leading to a stable network topology in adulthood. However, most prior work has examined the data through the lens of brain areas connected to one another in large‐scale functional networks. Here, we apply a recently developed hypergraph approach that treats network connections (edges) rather than brain regions as the unit of interest, allowing us to describe functional network topology from a fundamentally different perspective. Capitalizing on a sample of 780 youth imaged as part of the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort, this hypergraph representation of resting‐state functional MRI data reveals three distinct classes of subnetworks (hyperedges): clusters, bridges, and stars, which respectively represent homogeneously connected, bipartite, and focal architectures. Cluster hyperedges show a strong resemblance to previously‐described functional modules of the brain including somatomotor, visual, default mode, and salience systems. In contrast, star hyperedges represent highly localized subnetworks centered on a small set of regions, and are distributed across the entire cortex. Finally, bridge hyperedges link clusters and stars in a core–periphery organization. Notably, developmental changes within hyperedges are ordered in a similar core–periphery fashion, with the greatest developmental effects occurring in networked hyperedges within the functional core. Taken together, these results reveal a novel decomposition of the network organization of human brain, and further provide a new perspective on the role of local structures that emerge across neurodevelopment. Hum Brain Mapp 38:3823–3835, 2017. © 2017 The Authors. Human Brain Mapping Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Superior parathyroid gland approach to the recurrent laryngeal nerve
Authors: Elsheikh Ezzeddin 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe superior parathyroid gland is known to be almost constant in its location under the false thyroid capsule. Could it be a landmark to point to the site of incision of the false thyroid capsule and find the plane of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) during thyroidectomy?MethodsThe study included 48 patients with benign goiter scheduled for hemithyroidectomy or total thyroidectomy; there were 16 cases of solitary thyroid nodules, 27 cases of multinodular goiter, and 5 cases of toxic goiter.ResultsThis study included 80 lobectomies. All patients showed no evidence of postoperative RLN palsy, bleeding, or hypoparathyroidism. The superior parathyroid gland was consistently found within the false capsule in all cases, whereas the inferior parathyroid was found within the same layer in 64 sides (80%).ConclusionThe described approach can accurately guide dissection between true and false capsules of the thyroid to reach and preserve both the RLN and the superior parathyroid gland. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 1287–1290, 2017
An international survey on the awareness, use, preference, and health perception of novel psychoactive substances (NPS)
Authors: Deligianni Elena , Corkery John M. , Schifano Fabrizio , Lione Lisa A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectiveThis survey investigated the level of public awareness, preference, and motivation of novel psychoactive substances (NPS) use as well as knowledge of potential associated health risks.MethodsA Bristol Online Survey was advertised through social media and a drug forum “Bluelight” between January 7 and February 7, 2015.ResultsResponses were received from 17 countries, mainly from Europe. Most responses (83%) came from university educated students. Two‐thirds (65%) of the 168 respondents were aware of NPS. Awareness was significantly increased in those with bisexual or homosexual orientation (p < .05) and those in employment (p < .05). Fourteen percent of the 168 respondents were users of NPS, and use was significantly affected by age and employment (p < .01) but unaffected by level of education (p > .05). Nearly half of the NPS users perceived NPS to carry either a low risk to health (20%) or did not know whether or not they posed a health risk (29%).ConclusionsThese survey data indicate that awareness of NPS and, importantly, perception of the potential health risks associated with NPS use is lacking. NPS awareness and use is higher in those in employment but is unaffected by level of education. This highlights the need for targeted drugs education intervention by policy‐makers in schools and universities.
Involvement and comfort of gynecologic oncologists in the treatment of pediatric, adolescent, and young adult patients with gynecologic malignancies
Authors: Winer Ira , Patel Divya , Dalton Vanessa , Johnston Carolyn , Quint Elisabeth H. , Zochowski Melissa , Munkarah Adnan , Morris Robert , Haefner Hope 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the provision of care for pediatric and adolescent patients by gynecologic oncologists.MethodsThe present prospective cross‐sectional study enrolled attending physicians and fellows specializing in gynecologic oncology from the USA during December 2012 and January 2013. A 33‐question survey collecting demographic data and details of participant opinions on existing practices was distributed to potential respondents. Survey responses were aggregated and descriptive analyses were performed.ResultsThe survey was distributed to 1252 physicians and 178 (14.2%) surveys were returned; 105 (59.0%) participants thought that the care of patients aged younger than 21 years should be included in their practice. Only 7 (3.9%) participants had received formal training in caring for pediatric patients and young adults; however, 85 (47.8%) felt this should be incorporated into formal fellowship training. Multidisciplinary teams were reported to be the best method for caring pediatric patients by 160 (88.9%) participants but only 42 (23.6%) participants reported that multidisciplinary teams were involved in pediatric gynecologic oncology care at their institutions.ConclusionGynecologic oncologists wanted to be involved in pediatric care and open dialogue between specialists could help in the provision of optimal, longitudinal care to these patients. Furthermore, the incorporation of formal pediatric patient‐focused training into gynecologic oncology fellowship programs should be considered.
Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus evaluated by universal screening with a 75‐g, 2‐hour oral glucose tolerance test and IADPSG criteria
Authors: Karcaaltincaba Deniz , Calis Pinar , Ocal Nagehan , Ozek Aykut , Altug Inan Melis , Bayram Merih 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and its association with maternal age among Turkish women diagnosed by International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group (IADPSG) criteria.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted in 2013–2015 among non‐diabetic pregnant women aged 18–49 years who were universally screened for GDM by IADPSG criteria. The percentage of women meeting each diagnostic threshold and the prevalence of GDM by age group were calculated. Linear trends were evaluated by logistic regression.ResultsAmong 1434 women screened, 159 (11.1%, 95% confidence interval 9.5%–12.7%) were diagnosed with GDM; eleven of these women had been diagnosed according to a fasting glucose level in the first trimester. The prevalence of GDM was 6.6% (10/151), 7.3% (37/507), 8.8% (42/479), 16.7% (45/270), and 35.2% (25/71) among women aged younger than 25, 25–29, 30–34, 35–39, and 40 years or older, respectively. GDM prevalence increased with age (P<0.001). The numbers of women diagnosed with GDM in the second trimester who exceeded one, two, and three thresholds of the 2‐hour oral glucose tolerance test were 66 (44.6%), 52 (35.1%), and 30 (20.3%), respectively.ConclusionPrevalence of GDM was correlated with maternal age. Most women diagnosed in the second trimester exceeded the threshold at only one of the three timepoints.
Using Every Word and Image: Framing Graphic Novel Instruction in the Expanded Four Resources Model
Authors: Meyer Carla K. , Jiménez Laura M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn many classrooms, teachers have started to incorporate graphic novels in classroom instruction. However, research has suggested that some readers may have limited understanding of how to read graphic novels, which can create challenges for teachers using the medium. Drawing from a larger study, this article highlights two cases, an expert graphic novel and an expert traditional print text reader, to illustrate how the expanded four resources model may be used as a framework to guide novice graphic novel readers as they engage with graphic text. The article provides next steps for educators as they begin their journey with graphic novels.
Optomechanical measurement of the role of lamins in whole cell deformability
Authors: Kolb Thorsten , Kraxner Julia , Skodzek Kai , Haug Michael , Crawford Dean , Maaß Kendra K. , Aifantis Katerina E. , Whyte Graeme 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThere is mounting evidence that the nuclear envelope, and particularly the lamina, plays a critical role in the mechanical and regulation properties of the cell and changes to the lamina can have implications for the physical properties of the whole cell. In this study we demonstrate that the optical stretcher can measure changes in the time‐dependent mechanical properties of living cells with different levels of A‐type lamin expression. Results from the optical stretcher shows a decrease in the deformability of cells as the levels of lamin A increases, for cells which grow both adherently and in suspension. Further detail can be probed by combining the optical stretcher with fluorescence microscopy to investigate the nuclear mechanical properties which show a larger decrease in deformability than for the whole cell.
Autofluorescence imaging identifies tumor cell‐cycle status on a single‐cell level
Authors: Heaster Tiffany M. , Walsh Alex J. , Zhao Yue , Hiebert Scott W. , Skala Melissa C. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe goal of this study is to validate fluorescence intensity and lifetime imaging of metabolic co‐enzymes NAD(P)H and FAD (optical metabolic imaging, or OMI) as a method to quantify cell‐cycle status of tumor cells. Heterogeneity in tumor cell‐cycle status (e. g. proliferation, quiescence, apoptosis) increases drug resistance and tumor recurrence. Cell‐cycle status is closely linked to cellular metabolism. Thus, this study applies cell‐level metabolic imaging to distinguish proliferating, quiescent, and apoptotic populations. Two‐photon microscopy and time‐correlated single photon counting are used to measure optical redox ratio (NAD(P)H fluorescence intensity divided by FAD intensity), NAD(P)H and FAD fluorescence lifetime parameters. Redox ratio, NAD(P)H and FAD lifetime parameters alone exhibit significant differences (p<0.05) between population means. To improve separation between populations, linear combination models derived from partial least squares ‐ discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA) are used to exploit all measurements together. Leave‐one‐out cross validation of the model yielded high classification accuracies (92.4 and 90.1 % for two and three populations, respectively). OMI and PLS‐DA also identifies each sub‐population within heterogeneous samples. These results establish single‐cell analysis with OMI and PLS‐DA as a label‐free method to distinguish cell‐cycle status within intact samples. This approach could be used to incorporate cell‐level tumor heterogeneity in cancer drug development.magnified image
Apheresis education in pathology residency
Authors: Peedin Alexis R. , Park Yara A. , Raval Jay S. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIntroductionPhysicians from diverse training backgrounds practice apheresis medicine. Pathology residents' exposure to apheresis may vary depending on which department performs these procedures. Milestones for Apheresis education were published in 2012, but the degree of utilization in residency curriculum development is unknown. This study describes the current state of apheresis education for pathology residents.MethodsWe sent a 15 question electronic survey to 141 pathology programs identified through the American Medical Association Residency and Fellowship Database.ResultsForty‐three (30.5%) of the 141 programs responded. Pathology performed apheresis procedures in 29 (67.4%) programs. In the remaining 14 programs, apheresis was performed by nephrology (10), hematology (4), and a regional blood center (1); in one program, both nephrology and hematology performed apheresis procedures. For combined anatomic and clinical pathology (AP/CP) residents, 26 of 28 (93%) were required to train in apheresis medicine when pathology performed the procedures compared to only 5 of 14 (36%) when they were performed by another department (P = 0.0002). For CP‐only residents, 18 of 19 (95%) were required to train in apheresis medicine when pathology performed the procedures compared to 5 of 7 (71%) when they were performed by another department (P = 0.1669). Thirty (68.9%) respondents had a written apheresis medicine curriculum. Seventeen (39.5%) of the 43 respondents were aware of the Milestones for Apheresis education, and 8 (18.6%) used the milestones in creating their apheresis curriculum.ConclusionsThe pathology department performed apheresis procedures in two‐thirds of pathology residency programs surveyed. AP/CP residents were more likely to be required to train in apheresis medicine if the pathology department performed these procedures at their institution. Apheresis medicine practitioners should review the Milestones for Apheresis education with their residency program director to optimize learning and clinical skills development.
Clotting during autologous hematopoietic progenitor cells collection
Authors: Gokhale Amit , Quraishy NurJehan , Veemara Viva , Howdyshell Heather , Murray Lynn , Royer Jennifer , Salmi Linda , Ricci Kristin , Liu Hien 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAutologous hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) transplant through peripheral blood mobilization and leukapheresis is a standard treatment for many patients with hematopoietic malignancies. Although leukapheresis is usually completed with no complications, we present a case in which the hematopoietic progenitor cells clotted during collection. The patient had no history of hypercoagulopathy. It was identified that the anticoagulant infusion line was partially constricted by a blood warmer clamp. The machine did not alarm. Most of the multiple Food and Drug Administration reports of clotting occurring during apheresis procedures were due to the patients' preexisting hypercoagulopathy or insufficient anticoagulant solution being used. The machine alarmed in most of these cases. Our case demonstrates that inadequate anticoagulation can occur during an HPC collection procedure without activation of an alarm.
A prospective study comparing tryptophan immunoadsorption with therapeutic plasma exchange for the treatment of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy*
Authors: Lieker Ina , Slowinski Torsten , Harms Lutz , Hahn Katrin , Klehmet Juliane 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundChronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is a rare paralyzing inflammatory neuropathy with probably autoimmune origin. While plasma exchange (PE) constitutes a first‐line treatment option for CIDP, there is only little known about the efficacy and safety of immunoadsorption (IA), a more selective apheresis procedure with assumed better tolerability.MethodsIn this prospective‐randomized pilot trial, patients were randomly assigned to receive 6 sessions of PE (n = 10) or IA (n = 10) treating equal plasma volumes. To evaluate efficacy, we calculated the adjusted Inflammatory Neuropathy Cause and Treatment (INCAT) disability score and the Medical Research Council (MRC) sum score at baseline (V1), after completion of 6 sessions (V2) as well as 4 weeks after completion (V3) in 9 patients per group (1 patient in each group did not complete follow‐up). We additionally assessed safety and tolerability of treatments by monitoring adverse event and blood parameters.ResultsWith IA, 6 out of 9 (66.7%) patients improved clinically, whereas with PE, 4 out of 9 (44.4%) patients improved, most of them immediately with completion of the apheresis treatment series. There was one adverse event (AE) out of 52 treatment sessions for the 9 patients in the IA group. In the PE group of 9 patients, there was 1 AE out of 51 sessions and a trend of greater fibrinogen reduction. No severe AE occurred in either group.ConclusionThe results of this pilot study suggest that IA is at least equally effective and safe compared to PE in CIDP patients.
Therapeutic plasma exchange in children: One center's experience
Authors: Cortina Gerard , Ojinaga Violeta , Giner Thomas , Riedl Magdalena , Waldegger Siegfried , Rosales Alejandra , Trojer Raphaela , Hofer Johannes 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundTherapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) has evolved to an accepted therapy for selected indications. However, it is technically challenging in children. Moreover, data on safety and efficacy are mainly derived from adult series. The aim of this study was to review the procedure in the context of clinical indications, effectiveness, and safety.Study Design and MethodsAll TPE procedures performed at a tertiary care hospital during a 12‐year period (2005–2016) were retrospectively evaluated.ResultsEighteen patients with a median age of 8.5 (0.2–17) years underwent a total of 280 TPE sessions. Eleven (61%) patients were treated for renal diseases. Three (17%) patients were diagnosed with neurological diseases, two had liver failure, and one patient each had sepsis and stem cell transplant‐associated thrombotic microangiopathy. Seven patients (39%) were classified as American Society for Apheresis Category I, four (22%) as Category II, two (13%) each as Category III and IV, and two (13%) were not classified. Two patients with atypical hemolytic‐uremic syndrome received TPE as long‐term therapy over 2 and 5 years. All procedures were performed using the filtration technique and heparin anticoagulation. Twelve (67%) patients showed full or partial recovery after TPE, six had no response or an uncertain response. Minor adverse events occurred in 30/280 (10.6%) procedures, and one major complication (0.4%) was reported.ConclusionTPE is a safe apheresis method in children, even when performed as a long‐term therapy. Efficacy is high under selected conditions. A highly skilled and experienced staff is mandatory to ensure patient safety and efficacy.
Performance and safety of femoral central venous catheters in pediatric autologous peripheral blood stem cell collection
Authors: Cooling Laura , Hoffmann Sandra , Webb Dawn , Yamada Chisa , Davenport Robertson , Choi Sung Won 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIntroductionAutologous peripheral blood hematopoietic progenitor cell collection (A‐HPCC) in children typically requires placement of a central venous catheter (CVC) for venous access. There is scant published data regarding the performance and safety of femoral CVCs in pediatric A‐HPCC.MethodsSeven‐year, retrospective study of A‐HPCC in pediatric patients collected between 2009 and January 2017. Inclusion criteria were an age ≤ 21 years and A‐HPCC using a femoral CVC for venous access. Femoral CVC performance was examined by CD34 collection rate, inlet rate, collection efficiency (MNC‐FE, CD34‐FE), bleeding, flow‐related adverse events (AE), CVC removal, and product sterility testing. Statistical analysis and graphing were performed with commercial software.ResultsA total of 75/119 (63%) pediatric patients (median age 3 years) met study criteria. Only 16% of children required a CVC for ≥ 3 days. The CD34 collect rate and CD34‐FE was stable over time whereas MNC‐FE decreased after day 4 in 80% of patients. CD34‐FE and MNC‐FE showed inter‐ and intra‐patient variability over time and appeared sensitive to plerixafor administration. Femoral CVC showed fewer flow‐related AE compared to thoracic CVC, especially in pediatric patients (6.7% vs. 37%, P = 0.0005; OR = 0.12 (95%CI: 0.03‐0.45). CVC removal was uneventful in 73/75 (97%) patients with hemostasis achieved after 20–30 min of pressure. In a 10‐year period, there were no instances of product contamination associated with femoral CVC colonization.ConclusionFemoral CVC are safe and effective for A‐HPCC in young pediatric patients. Femoral CVC performance was maintained over several days with few flow‐related alarms when compared to thoracic CVCs.
Pegylated granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor versus non‐pegylated granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor for peripheral blood stem cell mobilization: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kuan Jew W. , Su Anselm T. , Leong Chooi F. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractGranulocyte‐colony stimulating factor (G‐CSF) mobilizes and increases the amount of hematopoietic stem cells in peripheral blood, enabling its harvest by few apheresis procedures. The pegylated G‐CSF has longer half‐life and is given once only, which is more comfortable for patients, whereas the non‐pegylated requires multiple daily injection because of its short half‐life. We summarized results of randomized trials comparing the efficacy and safety of pegylated and non‐pegylated G‐CSF for peripheral blood stem cell mobilization. We searched the Cochrane CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and two conference proceedings. Two authors made the selection, extracted data and evaluated methodological quality using GRADE independently. We used random‐effects model for meta‐analysis. We found 3956 records and retrieved 47 full texts. We included eight randomized trials with a total number of 554 randomized and 532 analyzed subjects. The meta‐analysis included five trials because not all trials reported the same outcomes. Pooling data from two studies shows no evidence for a difference in the successful mobilization rate (CD34+ cell ≥ 2 × 106/kg collected) between pegfilgrastim 6 mg (early administration) and filgrastim 5 µg/kg/day (147 participants; risk ratio (RR) 0.87, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) 0.67‐1.11; P = .26). Pooling data from three studies shows no difference in the incidence of adverse events between pegylated and non‐pegylated G‐CSF (170 participants; RR 0.86, 95%CI 0.34‐2.17; P = .75). No difference found on the quantity of CD34+ cells collected, number of apheresis procedure in successful mobilization, level of peak PB CD34+ cells achieved, and day of neutrophil and platelet engraftment.