bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Double Modification Of AlSi9Mg Alloy With Boron, Titanium And Strontium
Authors: Lipiński T. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The microstructure of an unmodified AlSi9Mg alloy comprises large primary α phase dendrites, eutectic β phase crystals and eutectic α phase. This composition is responsible for the alloy’s low strength parameters, and it limits the extent of practical applications. The mechanical properties of hypoeutectic silumins can be improved through chemical modification as well as traditional or technological processing. Modification improves the mechanical properties of alloys through grain refinement. This study presents the results of double modification of an AlSi9Mg alloy with strontium, boron and titanium. The influence of the analyzed modifiers on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the processed alloy was presented in graphs. The modification of a hypoeutectic AlSi9Mg alloy improved the alloy’s properties. The results of the tests indicate that the mechanical properties of the modified alloy are determined by the sequence in which the components are introduced to the alloy.
Melting Point Of Metals In Relation Io Electron Charge Density
Authors: Boczkal G. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The concept of spatial criterion of the electron charge concentration is applied to determine the metal melting point. Based on the model proposed for bcc metals, a model for hcp metals and general form for others has been developed. To calculate the melting point, only structural data and atomic number are required. The obtained results show good consistency with the experimental data for metals with atomic number Z < 70.
The Development of the Flat-Knitted Shaped Uppers based on Ergonomics
Authors: Lu Zhiwen , Jiang Gaoming , Cong Honglian , Yang Xi 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
To achieve the efficiency and specification of the flat-knitted uppers design, the basic patterns of uppers are made from shoe lasts based on the research on the characteristics of human’s feet and wearability requirements on uppers. The knitting technology for half-shaped and fully shaped uppers was formed after the shear deformation of basic pattern and combination with flat knitting technology. As regards to the functional requirements on key parts of uppers, the structures of flat-knitted shaped uppers were intensively analysed and studied, dividing them into two categories (functional structure and decorative structure), discussing the knitting methods and advantages of different structure, and finally experimentally proving that the planar pattern of flat knitted uppers can apply to the design of flat-knitted uppers and achieve the combination of functionality and artistry of sneakers after combining with structural changes, with a great significance on the achievement of the efficient production of uppers and the enhancement of its commercial value.
An anthropomorphic sonography phantom for the evaluation of mechatronic devices for heart surgery
Authors: Korb Werner , Fricke Christopher , Jacobs Stephan , Falk Volkmar 
Published: November 2015

AbstractSurgical assistance systems are used to make surgical procedures more precise. The integration of automated intra-operative imaging in surgical interventions can be seen as an important step to further improve patient safety. An automatic soft tissue manipulation system with mechatronic assistance using endoscopic Doppler guidance was developed for minimally invasive coronary artery bypass surgery. To facilitate the complicated development process of the mechatronic system, we manufactured and validated an anthropomorphic phantom. A three-compartment model including soft tissue and a vessel system were manufactured for the phantom. Blood flow simulation was implemented using a pump and blood mimicking fluid in a closed circuit. Eighteen physicians evaluated the anatomical and physiological validity of the phantom in a study. The average rating of the anatomy, as well as the physiology, was good, although particular aspects of the phantom have shown a need for improvement. The validation study provided valuable information on limits and problems concerning the phantom and its applicability for the evaluation of the development steps of the mechatronic system. We showed how to develop and validate a phantom for the evaluation of a surgical assistance system with intraoperative imaging. The described concepts can be applied to similar developmental procedures and help generate a goal-driven and efficient development.
An experimental-nonlinear finite element study of a balloon expandable stent inside a realistic stenotic human coronary artery to investigate plaque and arterial wall injury
Authors: Karimi Alireza , Razaghi Reza , Shojaei Ahmad , Navidbakhsh Mahdi 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe stresses induced within plaque tissues and arterial layers during stent expansion inside an atherosclerotic artery can be exceeded from the yield stresses of those tissues and, consequently, lead to plaque or arterial wall rupture. The distribution and magnitude of the stresses in the plaque-artery-stent structure might be distinctly different for different plaque types. In this study, the mechanical properties of six healthy and atherosclerotic human coronary arteries were determined for application in plaque and arterial vulnerability assessment. A nonlinear finite element simulation based on an Ogden material model was established to investigate the effect of plaque types on the stresses induced in the arterial wall during implantation of a balloon expandable coronary stent. The atherosclerotic artery was assumed to consist of a plaque and normal arterial tissues on its outer side. The results indicated a significant influence of plaque types on the maximum stresses induced within the plaque wall and arterial wall during stenting but not when computing maximum stress on the stent. The stress on the stiffest calcified plaque wall was 3.161 MPa, whereas cellular and hypocellular plaques showed relatively less stress on their wall. The highest von Mises stresses within the arterial wall were observed on the hypocellular plaque, whereas the lowest stresses were seen to be located in the calcified and cellular plaques. Although the computed stresses on the arterial wall for the calcified and cellular plaques were not high enough to invoke a rupture, the stress on the hypocellular plaque was relatively higher than that of the strength of the arterial wall. These findings may have implications not only for understanding the stresses induced in plaque and the arterial wall, but also for developing surgeries such as balloon-angioplasty and stenting.
UN Global Action Programme and Education for Sustainable Development: A Critical Appraisal of the Evidence Base
Authors: Fischer Daniel , Aubrecht Elisabeth Lena , Brück Maria , Ditges Laura , Gathen Lea , Jahns Maximilian , Petersmann Moritz , Rau Jörn , Wellmann Christiane 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The United Nations (UN) proclaimed the years 2005 to 2014 the World Decade on Education for Sustainable Development (ESD). As a follow up on the World Decade, the UN launched a Global Action Programme (GAP) that is designed to set the framework for international activities on ESD. The GAP focuses on five priority areas that are of high relevance for further implementation of ESD in educational systems.
The research presented in this paper results from a training research course that was conducted with advanced bachelor students in environmental and sustainability science. This project pursued two main objectives on different levels: the aim of the research aspect was to identify well-documented success factors for specific research questions associated with the GAP designated priority action areas by means of conducting systematic literature reviews. The aim of the training was to enable students enrolled in the university course to experience systematic review and critical appraisal of the current state of research in the various fields of ESD. As a result, the paper summarizes and discusses both the findings of the research projects and university course. Inclusive is the potential of the teaching approach and its contribution to advancing higher education for sustainable development.
E-inclusion Process and Societal Digital Skill Development
Authors: Vītoliņa Ieva 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Nowadays, the focus shifts from information and communication technology access to skills and knowledge. Moreover, lack of digital skills is an obstacle in the process of learning new digital competences using technologies and e-learning. The objective of this research is to investigate how to facilitate students to use the acquired digital skills in practice and to evaluate the impact of students’ previous knowledge level. Based on the e-inclusion digital skills model, the author develops two research questions: How students’ previous experience impacts practical usage of the acquired ICT skills and How students’ self-assessment correlates with practical usage of the acquired ICT skills. The research employs student-centred learning theory, where the learning process is based on students’ active action, experience and values. The research is based on a literature review and one case study. The results of this study confirm the relationship of the e-inclusion digital skills model with the knowledge level acquired and its usage.
Holistic Approach as Viewed by the Basic School Teachers in Latvia
Authors: Badjanova Jeļena , Iliško Dzintra 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The article points to new competencies required from basic school teachers, reinforced by the reform processes in the educational system in Latvia, the quality assurance of educational process, and modernisation and critical re-evaluation of educational materials and standards. The authors view sustainability as an integral part of reform processes in the country.
The aim of the study is to evaluate the perspective of basic education teachers from the diverse regions of Latvia on the use of holistic approach for shaping the content of basic education. The authors have analysed basic school teachers’ understanding of a holistic approach towards teaching and a learner. By means of a survey the authors have explored the features of teachers’ perception of a holistic approach to their teaching. The authors conclude that sustainability cannot be left to the initiative of individual teachers but should be implemented as a whole-school policy.
State, Soldier, Professionality
Authors: Boldizsar Gábor 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Defense is one of the oldest state responsibilities. Without the defense, protection or physical security the state, the power is unable to act on its own free will. The state is not able to fulfil its other functions (collection, distribution, regulation and sanctions) according to the interests of the society.
Clausewitz stated that the use of military power is the continuation of politics. In other words, politics aims to reach these aims by the implementation of military forces or war. Of course, to achieve the aims of the politics there are lots of instruments (diplomacy, politics, economics, information, ...) which have to be coordinated with the use of forces. This way of thinking is named as the comprehensive approach.
But politics has other important roles in order to achieve the aims. In the application of military force aims should be set to provide the necessary resources (human and material) and the appropriate legal environment. Professional military professionalism achieves its full potential in the case of three elements – aims, resources and legal environment - are harmonized for long-term. In the process of political decision-making professional military experts help to reach efficient choice. After the political decision is made the military does its best to act in order to achieve the aims.
In the western world the national armed forces have significantly reduced their strengths and abandoned the conscription-based military system. NATO and the EU in recent decades have carried out a number of operations. These operations were based on defending the member states’ individual or collective’ interests and values by strengthening peace and security. This new operational environment expects numbers of new skills and competencies from the 21th century’s soldiers.
European Security And The Terrorist Threat: Evolutions And Current Ways Of Managing It
Authors: Chirleşan Georgeta 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The European Security Strategy “A Secure Europe in a Better World” emphasizes on the fact that security is a precondition of development and nominates terrorism as the first key threat in the list of five major threats addressed to European security. In the “EU Internal Security Strategy in Action” the terrorism is seen as second threat (after serious and organized crime) and is pointed out as a phenomenon which requires concerted European action, due to a still existent vulnerability of our societies to terrorist attacks, “Europe being both a target and a base for such terrorism”.
The paper presents the evolution of the European security environment between 1990 and 2015, emphasizing the increase of the terrorist threat and the steps and actions taken in preventing and fighting against it, as well as possible solutions for managing the terrorist phenomenon. In the final part of the paper, the findings of a case study achieved through sociological questionnaire are rendered. The study envisaged to catch the counter-terrorism perspective at the level of ordinary citizens and of decision-makers and stakeholders as well.
Culture As Soft Power In International Relations
Authors: Haneş Nicolae , Andrei Adriana 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
A global approach has almost generalized over the last decades, suggesting that human security and, related to it – society security- are among the most important themes of contemporary international relations.
The management of the Yugoslavian crisis, the terrorist attacks of September the 11th, 2001, as well as the debates over US and its allies’ military interventions in Kosovo, Afghanistan or Iraq, pointed out, on the one hand, that states are not prepared to deal with the cross-border threats of the 21st century alone, and, on the other hand, the fact that military interventions (the “hard” approach to security) do not always represent the optimum solution in managing international security. However, peace-building and security building (the ”soft” approach) are usually more discreet, do not attract attention, do not draw the media interest.
In recent studies, the issue of “soft” power and “hard” power has been increasingly discussed. “Soft” power refers to the power derived mainly from cultural and imagological sources, exercising its influence more through persuasion or by attracting the weak one to a particular model rather than by coercion. ”Hard” power consists especially of military and economic means contributing to enforcing the will of one actor over another actor. These two forms of power do not exclude each other, but, on the contrary, combining “soft” with “hard” means facilitates greater efficiency in achieving the main goal.
A Descriptive Analysis Of The Self-Similarity Between Terrorism And Cancer
Authors: Krastev Krastyu Ivanov 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The objective of this paper is to analyze the characteristic features of terrorist acts and carcinogenic diseases, thus revealing the common elements of these displays. In the process of analysis, these elements could be conducive to establishing the cause- effect relationships. The paper focuses on the description of terrorism in society and the carcinogenic diseases in the human body in their role as destructive factors in the management of complex systems in society and human body.
Vulnerability Of Compromising The Classified Information, Determined By Extreme Values Of Psycho-Social Variable
Authors: Lăzăroiu Laurenţiu-Leonard , Baboş Alexandru 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The requirements of functions in organizations, in general, military organization in particular, with specific educational programs, constitute the premises and purpose of developing a specific behavior, which is based on moral principles and operational procedures.
After forming the behavior required to fulfill certain tasks and the culture of security to meet normative acts, in this case rules to achieve protection of classified information, during management in the information flow, the psycho-social development of the individual in the organization and society and the situational random conjecture, sometimes controllable, can cause vulnerabilities that lead to the data and also to the classified information being compromised.
Protecting The National And European Critical Underwater Infrastructures With The Help Of Divers
Authors: Rus Simona , Ion Ana 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The contemporary security environment is characterized by a high degree of instability and unpredictability, in which the current trend is to transform the great wars in terrorist fights and attack. Directive 2008/114/of the European Council proposes the identification and designation of national and European Critical Infrastructures (ECI), and also the evaluation of the need to improve their protection. In this regard, the paper presents the activity of a special category of workers, i.e. divers. Their work contributes to ensuring peace and security all along the Romanian Black Sea coast, which is a European and national border. The divers, through their activity, manage to eliminate the obstacles that jeopardize the immersed critical infrastructure, and the underwater environment in general, thus, ensuring prosperity, stability and security in the region.
Central Asian Space Analyzed Through The Moscow – Beijing Axis
Authors: Schleier Edwin 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Russia and China are the biggest national actors of the world from a territorial and demographical point of view. Together, these two actors control The Eurasian space - China being the most populated country and Russia having the greatest geographical surface. The strategic partnership between these countries pursues objectives in various fields, such as: economy, security, industry, resources and military.
Due to the dynamics of world politics Russia and China were often put in the position to support each other; therefore an official relationship between China and Russia began as early as the 17th century. This relationship affects mostly the Central Asian space, but also powerful global and Asian regional actors.
Twilight Or Daybreak Of Ground Forces
Authors: Sopóci Milan , Matta Lubomír 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The article deals with the settlement of the Ground Forces in history to the present day. It confronts this information with actual trends of development of some branches of the armed forces, weapons systems, techniques, and new requirements on tactics, combat and operational use. From the armed conflicts in the last years which took place in Irak, Afghanistan, Islam state, we can conclude that the crucial tasks in battles and conflicts require the involvement of forces from other branches (Air forces, Special forces). The paper focuses on the necessity and importance of providing more and more intelligence, education, preparation and global more knowledge for regular soldiers.
Agroterrorism - A Threat To The Agricultural Sector
Authors: Żuber Marian 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The paper presents the problem of the threat of agroterrorist attacks. The author describes some historical facts regarding the use of biological agents against domestic animals and crops in military conflicts and terrorist attacks. He shows the main entities which can initiate attacks on the agricultural sector. In the final part of publication, the author presents the consequences of attacks on the agricultural sector in the case of countries that are the main targets of such attacks.
How Corporate Social Responsibility Can Contribute To Growth Strategy
Authors: Cech Petr , Dohnalova Marie 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The slow growth of the economy requires an adequate response, even from companies in the hotel industry. In order to achieve an increase in turnover, they can react with a change of strategy, or cost cutting. The use of corporate social responsibility has been identified as one potential strategy of growth. Corporate social strategy is based on three traditional crucial factors that include social, economic and ecological values. The authors of this contribution analyse the possibilities to achieve an outstanding reputation of a company in the field of corporate social responsibility in order to gain the support of the public and stakeholders. They refer to the fact that corporate social responsibility is one possible way to achieve long-term profitable growth in the field of the hotel industry, even in a complex economic development.
Project Manager And His/Her Competencies
Authors: Cech Petr , Chadt Karel 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Competencies of a project manager are formed by a set of knowledge, skills, related experience, and ways of behaviour and attitudes. It is a way by which a project manager asserts his/her own professional knowledge to terminate a project successfully. There are different ways of a competencies division. Authors of this contribution focused on basic competencies and high performance competencies. Basic competencies of a project manager are comprehended as knowledge and skills that are indispensable for an own performance of managerial work. High performance competencies are relatively stable demonstrations of behaviour, by using them teams leaded by a project manager reach outstanding results. In contemporary entrepreneurial environment that is characterized by a high dynamics of changes, market globalization, strong competition and short time of launching technologies the basic competencies are not sufficient enough for a project manager. High performance competencies enable the project managers to manage effectively in contemporary turbulent environment. The competent project manager performs above standard, excellent performance.
Having A Look Back To The Former Petrol-Based Electric Railway, Dornişoara - Tihuţa - Prundu Bârgăului
Authors: Cioancă Lia-Maria 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The former petrol-based electric railway, built during First World War originally served for the food and ammunition transport meant for the armies, which had settled down the mountain peaks nearby, today in the area of Vatra Dornei or Cârlibaba and which were guarding the passage towards Transylvania. They were often used to evacuate the wounded and for commercial purposes as well, in order to transport cereal and many other kinds of grains at the blooming 1916, all this acquired from the requisitions of Bucovina and even from the smuggling or imports of Romania, which still enjoyed neutrality by the time.
Multilingualism As A Significant Element To European Integration
Authors: Georgieva Gergana 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Since most European nations have been built on the basis of their own languages, it can be said that the European Union is solely based on its linguistic diversity. A sense of common belonging based on linguistic and cultural diversity is undoubtedly a powerful antidote against the manifestations of fanaticism. It is not easy to define exactly or comprehensively the values that everyone should adopt in order to become a full member of the European family. The article aims to prove that the European idea is based on the inextricably linked requirements: universal moral values and cultural diversity. Multilingualism in particular is a unique and significant element to European integration.