bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of a wearable cable-driven upper limb exoskeleton based on epicyclic gear trains structure
Authors: Xiao Feiyun , Gao Yongsheng , Wang Yong , Zhu Yanhe , Zhao Jie 
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUND: Many countries, including Japan, Italy, and China are experiencing demographic shifts as their populations age. Some basic activities of daily living (ADLs) are difficult for elderly people to complete independently due to declines in motor function. OBJECTIVE: In this paper, a 6-DOF wearable cable-driven upper limb exoskeleton (CABexo) based on epicyclic gear trains structure is proposed. METHODS: The main structure of the exoskeleton system is composed of three epicyclic gear train sections. This new exoskeleton has a parallel mechanical structure to the traditional serial structure, but is stiffer and has a stronger carrying capacity. The traditional gear transmission structure is replaced with a cable transmission system, which is quieter, and has higher accuracy and smoother transmission. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The static workspace of the exoskeleton is large enough to meet the demand of assisting aged and disabled individuals in completing most of their activities of daily living (ADLs).
Computer-aided detection for the automated evaluation of pulmonary embolism
Authors: Li Yan , Dai Yongliang , Deng Lei , Yu Nan , Guo Youmin 
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUND: There are few quantitative studies that directly evaluate methods of determining pulmonary embolism (PE). New computer-aided detection (CAD) methods for measuring PE may help in defining the relationship of PE to right heart failure (RHF). OBJECTIVES: We used CAD to investigate the severity of PE and explored whether the severity of PE was associated with RHF. METHODS: A fully automatic calculation conducted by CAD was made of the embolism area/lumen area, which was used to evaluate the severity of the PE. The vascular obstruction index (VOI) was also used to evaluate PE, using the Mastora and Qanadli scores. Paired [Formula: see text] tests were used to compare the severity of PE evaluated by Mastora or Qanadli score, to the severity determined by CAD. Correlation between the severity of the PE and RHF was also evaluated by Spearman’s rank correlation analysis. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the PE evaluated by Mastora compared with the measurement by CAD ([Formula: see text] 0.720), and also no difference between evaluation by Qanadli and automatic measurement by CAD ([Formula: see text] 0.617). The severity of PE evaluated by Mastora, Qanadli, and CAD had significant positive correlation with RHF ([Formula: see text] 0.75 [Formula: see text] 0.01, [Formula: see text] 0.69 [Formula: see text] 0.02, [Formula: see text] 0.80 [Formula: see text] 0.00). CONCLUSION: We found strong correlation between RHF and the severity of PE evaluated by CAD, and the method was found to be simple and reliable.
Optimization of a passively suspended injection impeller for Left ventricular assist device
Authors: Zhu Liangfan , Yang Xi , Wu Yue , Wang Minghui , Luo Yun 
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUND: A rotary blood pump with a passively levitated impeller and a large bearing gap between housing and impeller in the range of 0.6 mm has been developed for Left ventricular assist device (LVAD). OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study is to determine the optimal injection angle of the impeller to improve its radial stability by increasing the radial suspension force. MTEHODS: Since the radial and axial suspension forces generated by an injection channel were equal, the axial suspension force obtained from numerical simulation was chosen as the evaluation parameter. First, the impellers with different injection angles were calculated with numerical simulation to obtain the maximum axial suspension force. Second, the radial motion of the impeller was experimentally measured for the evaluation of the radial stability. RESULTS: The numerical analysis revealed that the axial suspension force acting on the impeller reached the maximum value at the injection angle of 60 degrees. In the measurement test, the impeller with injection angle of 60 degrees achieved the most stable radial movement. Therefore, the effectiveness of the numerical analysis was validated. CONCLUSIONS: The injection angle of impeller could be optimized to improve its radial stability, and the optimal injection angle was 60 degrees.
Relationships between lung cancer incidences and air pollutants
Authors: Yue Shihong , Wang Yaru , Wang Jianpei , Chen Jun 
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUND: Statistics on lung cancer incidences and air pollutants show a strong correlation between air pollutant concentrations and pulmonary diseases. And environmental effects on lung cancer incidences remain highly unknown and uncertain in China. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to measure the relationships between different air pollutants and lung cancer incidences in Tianjin. METHODS: One thusand five hundred patients across 27 districts in Tianjin were studied for lung cancer incidences. The patients had come into contact with various air pollutants such as PM[Formula: see text], PM[Formula: see text], SO[Formula: see text], NO[Formula: see text], CO, and O[Formula: see text]. These pollutants were measured daily and were published via a Geographic Information System across the 27 districts of Tianjin. The air pollutant compositions of environments the patients lived in were determined using the nearest air monitoring station to the patient. And we used rough set theory to measure the relationships between different air pollutants and lung cancer incidences. RESULTS: Different air pollutants and combinations of pollutants impacted lung cancer incidences differently across different districts, sexes, and lung cancer types in Tianjin. CONCLUSIONS: Based on data analysis and interpretation, rough set theory provided data relationships that were objective and interpretable. The method is simple, general, and efficient, and lays the foundation for further applications in other cities.
Massive and supermassive black holes in the contemporary and early Universe and problems in cosmology and astrophysics
Authors: Dolgov A D 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
We discuss recent astronomical data showing that the role of massive primordial black holes in the Universe is much more significant than previously thought, both for the present Universe and for redshifts of the order of 10. We consider the model proposed in 1993 accounting for the primordial creation of heavy and superheavy black holes with a log-normal mass spectrum, which naturally explains some facts about the Universe that are unaccounted for in standard cosmology and astrophysics.
Is it possible to measure the electromagnetic radiation of an instantly started charge?
Authors: Malyshevsky V S 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
In considering the propagation of high-energy multiply charged ions through a condensed medium, the paper looks at how the emerging electromagnetic radiation is influenced by the processes in which the ions capture (or lose) electrons. The arising changes in radiation characteristics are due to the additional contribution to the output from the emission of the electrons captured or lost by multiply charged ions in a medium. This contribution is similar to that from instantly started or stopped charges.
Effect of Radiation on Chromospheric Magnetic Reconnection: Reactive and Collisional Multi-fluid Simulations
Authors: Alvarez Laguna A. , Lani A. , Mansour N. N. , Deconinck H. , Poedts S. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
We study magnetic reconnection under chromospheric conditions in five different ionization levels from 0.5% to 50% using a self-consistent two-fluid (ions + neutrals) model that accounts for compressibility, collisional effects, chemical inequilibrium, and anisotropic heat conduction. Results with and without radiation are compared, using two models for the radiative losses: an optically thin radiation loss function, and an approximation of the radiative losses of a plasma with photospheric abundances. The results without radiation show that reconnection occurs faster for the weakly ionized cases as a result of the effect of ambipolar diffusion and fast recombination. The tearing mode instability appears earlier in the low ionized cases and grows rapidly. We find that radiative losses have a stronger effect than was found in previous results as the cooling changes the plasma pressure and the concentration of ions inside the current sheet. This affects the ambipolar diffusion and the chemical equilibrium, resulting in thin current sheets and enhanced reconnection. The results quantify this complex nonlinear interaction by showing that a strong cooling produces faster reconnections than have been found in models without radiation. The results accounting for radiation show timescales and outflows comparable to spicules and chromospheric jets.
Innovation et qualité de vie au travail : les entreprises « libérées » tiennent-elles leurs promesses ?
Authors: Colle Rodolphe , Corbett-Etchevers Isabelle , Defélix Christian , Perea Céline , Richard Damien 
Published: June 2017

« L’entreprise libérée en question : le DRH doit se positionner ! », tel était le titre d’un article récent dans une revue professionnelle 7 . Encensées par les uns, dénoncées par les autres, les entreprises décrites comme « libérées » suscitent a minima la curiosité et interpellent le présent comme le futur de la GRH. À en croire ses promoteurs ou ses défenseurs, ce type d’entreprise représenterait un nouveau modèle de performance : celle-ci serait obtenue par la libération des énergies et de l’implication des collaborateurs, au travers de modes d’organisation et de pratiques de GRH caractéristiques. En particulier, deux effets bénéfiques seraient recherchés dans ce modèle, et seraient à l’origine de la performance revendiquée : d’une part, le développement de la capacité à innover ; d’autre part, l’amélioration de la qualité de vie au travail. Au-delà des discours, que pouvons-nous en dire dans les faits ? Les entreprises qui s’affichent comme « libérées » génèrent-elles effectivement davantage d’innovation et de bien-être au travail ? Cet article, après avoir posé les bases d’une généalogie du modèle des entreprises libérées, en discute les impacts sur un cas exploratoire, celui d’une entreprise de services numériques.
A Symmetric Direct Discontinuous Galerkin Method for the Compressible Navier-Stokes Equations
Authors: Yue Huiqiang , Cheng Jian , Liu Tiegang 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn this work, we investigate the numerical approximation of the compressible Navier-Stokes equations under the framework of discontinuous Galerkin methods. For discretization of the viscous and heat fluxes, we extend and apply the symmetric direct discontinuous Galerkin (SDDG) method which is originally introduced for scalar diffusion problems. The original compressible Navier-Stokes equations are rewritten into an equivalent form via homogeneity tensors. Then, the numerical diffusive fluxes are constructed from the weak formulation of primal equations directly without converting the second-order equations to a first-order system. Additional numerical flux functions involving the jump of second order derivative of test functions are added to the original direct discontinuous Galerkin (DDG) discretization. A number of numerical tests are carried out to assess the practical performance of the SDDG method for the two dimensional compressible Navier-Stokes equations. These numerical results obtained demonstrate that the SDDG method can achieve the optimal order of accuracy. Especially, compared with the well-established symmetric interior penalty (SIP) method [18], the SDDG method can maintain the expected optimal order of convergence with a smaller penalty coefficient.
DNS Study on Vortex and Vorticity in Late Boundary Layer Transition
Authors: Wang Yiqian , Yang Yong , Yang Guang , Liu Chaoqun 
Published: June 2017

AbstractVortex and vorticity are two correlated but fundamentally different concepts which have been the central issues in fluid mechanics research. Vorticity has rigorous mathematical definition (curl of velocity), but no clear physical meaning. Vortex has clear physical meaning (rotation) but no rigorous mathematical definition. For a long time, many people treat them as a same thing. However, based on our high-order direct numerical simulation (DNS), we found that first, “vortex” is not “vorticity tube” or “vortex tube” which is widely defined as a bundle of vorticity lines without any vorticity line leak. Actually, vortex is an open area for vorticity line penetration. Second, vortex is not necessarily congregation of vorticity lines, but dispersion in many 3-dimensional cases. Some textbooks say that vortex cannot end inside the flow field but must end on the solid wall (and/or boundaries). Our DNS observation and many other numerical results show almost all vortices are ended inside the flow field. Finally, a more theoretical study shows that neither vortex nor vorticity line can attach to the solid wall and they must be detached from the wall.
Developing Mobile Clinical Decision Support for Nursing Home Staff Assessment of Urinary Tract Infection using Goal-Directed Design
Authors: Jones Wallace , Drake Cynthia , Mack David , Reeder Blaine , Trautner Barbara , Wald Heidi 
Published: June 2017

SummaryBackground: Unique characteristics of nursing homes (NHs) contribute to high rates of inappropriate antibiotic use for asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB), a benign condition. A mobile clinical decision support system (CDSS) may support NH staff in differentiating urinary tract infections (UTI) from ASB and reducing antibiotic days.Objectives: We used Goal-Directed Design to: 1) Characterize information needs for UTI identification and management in NHs; 2) Develop UTI Decide, a mobile CDSS prototype informed by personas and scenarios of use constructed from Aim 1 findings; 3) Evaluate the UTI Decide prototype with NH staff.Methods: Focus groups were conducted with providers and nurses in NHs in Denver, Colorado (n = 24). Qualitative descriptive analysis was applied to focus group transcripts to identify information needs and themes related to mobile clinical decision support for UTI identification and management. Personas representing typical end users were developed; typical clinical context scenarios were constructed using information needs as goals. Usability testing was performed using cognitive walk-throughs and a think-aloud protocol.Results: Four information needs were identified including guidance regarding resident assessment; communication with providers; care planning; and urine culture interpretation. Design of a web-based application incorporating a published decision support algorithm for evidence-based UTI diagnoses proceeded with a focus on nursing information needs during resident assessment and communication with providers. Certified nursing assistant (CNA) and registered nurse (RN) personas were constructed in 4 context scenarios with associated key path scenarios. After field testing, a high fidelity prototype of UTI Decide was completed and evaluated by potential end users. Design recommendations and content recommendations were elicited.Conclusions: Goal-Directed Design informed the development of a mobile CDSS supporting participant-identified information needs for UTI assessment and communication in NHs. Future work will include iterative deployment and evaluation of UTI Decide in NHs to decrease inappropriate use of antibiotics for suspected UTI.Citation: Jones W, Drake C, Mack D, Reeder B, Trautner B, Wald HL. Developing mobile clinical decision support for nursing home staff assessment of urinary tract infection using goal-directed design.Appl Clin Inform 2017; 8: 632–650 https://doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2016-12-RA-0209
Study on the applicability of the microtremor HVSR method to support seismic microzonation in the town of Idrija (W Slovenia)
Authors: Gosar Andrej 
Published: June 2017

Abstract. The town of Idrija is located in an area with an increased seismic hazard in W Slovenia and is partly built on alluvial sediments or artificial mining and smelting deposits which can amplify seismic ground motion. There is a need to prepare a comprehensive seismic microzonation in the near future to support seismic hazard and risk assessment. To study the applicability of the microtremor horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) method for this purpose, 70 free-field microtremor measurements were performed in a town area of 0.8 km2 with 50–200 m spacing between the points. The HVSR analysis has shown that it is possible to derive the sediments' resonance frequency at 48 points. With the remaining one third of the measurements, nearly flat HVSR curves were obtained, indicating a small or negligible impedance contrast with the seismological bedrock. The isofrequency (a range of 2.5–19.5 Hz) and the HVSR peak amplitude (a range of 3–6, with a few larger values) maps were prepared using the natural neighbor interpolation algorithm and compared with the geological map and the map of artificial deposits. Surprisingly no clear correlation was found between the distribution of resonance frequencies or peak amplitudes and the known extent of the supposed soft sediments or deposits. This can be explained by relatively well-compacted and rather stiff deposits and the complex geometry of sedimentary bodies. However, at several individual locations it was possible to correlate the shape and amplitude of the HVSR curve with the known geological structure and prominent site effects were established in different places. In given conditions (very limited free space and a high level of noise) it would be difficult to perform an active seismic refraction or MASW measurements to investigate the S-wave velocity profiles and the thickness of sediments in detail, which would be representative enough for microzonation purposes. The importance of the microtremor method is therefore even greater, because it enables a direct estimation of the resonance frequency without knowing the internal structure and physical properties of the shallow subsurface. The results of this study can be directly used in analyses of the possible occurrence of soil–structure resonance of individual buildings, including important cultural heritage mining and other structures protected by UNESCO. Another application of the derived free-field isofrequency map is to support soil classification according to the recent trends in building codes and to calibrate Vs profiles obtained from the microtremor array or geophysical measurements.
NEUROSCIENCE DU BONHEUR
Authors: Davidson Richard J. , Schuyler Brianna S. , Bouffard Léandre , Lapierre Sylvie 
Published: June 2017

Cette revue de recherches met en évidence quatre nouvelles composantes du bien-être et leurs bases neurales sous-jacentes : 1) les émotions positives soutenues; 2) la récupération à la suite d’expériences négatives (résilience); 3) l’empathie, l’altruisme et le comportement prosocial; 4) le vagabondage de l’esprit, la pleine conscience et l’attention « capturée » par l’émotion. Les circuits neuraux sous-jacents à chacune de ces composantes sont partiellement indépendants, malgré un certain recouvrement. Les circuits sous-jacents aux quatre composantes du bien-être se caractérisent tous par la plasticité; ils peuvent être transformés. Ainsi, le bonheur et le bien-être peuvent être considérés comme des habiletés pouvant être développées par l’entraînement cognitif.
L’estime de soi explicite et implicite chez des femmes souffrant de troubles des conduites alimentaires
Authors: Bégin Catherine , Boucher Katrine , St-Laurent Audrey , Heppell Jenny-Lee , Ratté Carole 
Published: June 2017

Cette étude vise l’approfondissement du lien entre l’estime de soi explicite et implicite, l’estime corporelle et les attitudes alimentaires en comparant 58 femmes atteintes de troubles des conduites alimentaires (TCA) à 54 femmes ayant un trouble anxieux et 96 femmes provenant d’un groupe contrôle. Les résultats montrent que le groupe TCA rapporte davantage d’attitudes alimentaires dysfonctionnelles et d’insatisfaction corporelle. Il présente l’estime de soi explicite et implicite les plus faibles. Chez les TCA, bien que l’estime de soi explicite s’avère le meilleur prédicteur des construits à l’étude, l’estime de soi implicite ajoute une contribution indépendante signifiant l’importance de s’y attarder.
Dietary and cardio-metabolic risk factors in patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: cross-sectional study
Authors: Stelmach-Mardas Marta , Mardas Marcin , Iqbal Khalid , Kostrzewska Magdalena , Piorunek Tomasz 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundLittle is known about the role of dietary intake in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), which could prove important in improving clinical outcomes for people with obesity and/or cardiovascular disease within these populations. Reduction in energy intake typically results in weight loss, markedly improving metabolic parameters and ameliorating OSA severity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of dietary and cardio-metabolic risk factors with OSA severity.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study. A total of 75 volunteers at risk of OSA were recruited from 153 patients suffering from sleep disturbance at the Department of Pulmonology, Allergology and Respiratory Oncology at the Poznan University of Medical Sciences. Polysomnography was used for OSA diagnosis. Sleep quality was assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Blood pressure, parameters of glucose (fasting glucose, glucose tolerance test) and lipid metabolism (TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, TG) were assessed using routine enzymatic methods. Dietary intake was evaluated by 24-hr dietary recalls and Food Frequency Questionnaire. Ordinal logistic regression models were used for association of background characteristics and dietary intake with OSA severity. All analyses were adjusted for age, sex, BMI, smoking and alcohol intake.ResultsA higher percentage of smokers were observed in patients with mild OSA, while alcohol intake was the highest in severe OSA patients. Approximately 60% of the studied patients were self-reported poor sleepers. Results from ordinal logistic regression models showed that higher intakes of alcohol intake were associated with increased odds of severe OSA; whereas higher HDL-C levels were associated with lower odds (OR 0.01; 95% CI [0.0003–0.55]). Significantly higher odds of high OSA severity were observed in patients with disturbed sleep stages and obstructive sleep apnea. Moreover, the investigation of nutrient intake in relation to OSA severity showed that a higher intake of dietary fiber was associated with decreased OSA severity (OR 0.84; 95% CI [0.71–0.98]).ConclusionsThe severity of OSA is related to higher alcohol consumption and disturbed sleep. The significantly lower dietary fiber intake in patients with severe OSA is of particular importance for dietary consulting in clinical practice, which may positively influence cardiometabolic outcomes.
Arylation of Azaarylmethylamines with Aryl Chlorides and a NiBr2/NIXANTPHOS‐based Catalyst
Authors: Gao Gui , Fu Yue , Li Minyan , Wang Bo , Zheng Bing , Hou Shicong , Walsh Patrick J. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA nickel‐catalyzed coupling of azaarylmethylamines with aryl chlorides has been achieved. NIXANTPHOS together with low cost NiBr2 was successfully developed and optimized to exhibit high reactivity at 2.5 mol % loading. Under optimized reaction conditions, aryl(azaaryl)methylamine products were afforded in good to excellent yields (22 examples, up to 98% yield).magnified image