bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic review and meta‐analysis on the efficacy and tolerability of mirabegron for the treatment of storage lower urinary tract symptoms/overactive bladder: Comparison with placebo and tolterodine
Authors: Sebastianelli Arcangelo , Russo Giorgio I , Kaplan Steven A , McVary Kevin T , Moncada Ignacio , Gravas Stavros , Chapple Christopher , Morgia Giuseppe , Serni Sergio , Gacci Mauro 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA systematic review and meta‐analysis was carried out to evaluate the efficacy and safety of mirabegron 50 mg and 100 mg in the treatment of storage lower urinary tract symptoms/overactive bladder in comparison with a placebo and tolterodine 4 mg. A total of 491 articles were collected and eight randomized studies were identified as eligible for this meta‐analysis. Overall, eight trials were included in the meta‐analysis evaluating 10 248 patients. Mirabegron at both doses of 50 mg and 100 mg, and and tolterodine 4 mg were significantly associated with the reduction of incontinence episodes per 24 h, reduction of mean number of micturitions per 24 h, increase of voided volume and reduction of urgency episodes per 24 h, compared to a placebo. Both mirabegron 50 mg and mirabegron 100 mg were associated with a significant reduction of nocturia episodes when compared with a placebo. Conversely, tolterodine 4 mg did not prove to be more effective than a placebo in the reduction of nocturia episodes. Furthermore, mirabegron 50 mg showed a slightly, but significantly, better efficacy than tolterodine 4 mg in the improvement of nocturia episodes. Mirabegron 50 mg and mirabegron 100 mg shared the same risk of overall treatment‐emergent adverse events rate with the placebo. Otherwise, tolterodine 4 mg was associated with a significantly greater risk than the placebo. However, mirabegron 100 mg showed a slight trend toward an increased risk of hypertension (odds ratio 1.41; P = 0.08) and cardiac arrhythmia (odds ratio 2.18; P = 0.06). Mirabegron is an effective treatment for patients with storage lower urinary tract symptoms/overactive bladder, providing a reduction of incontinence, urgency and frequency; an improvement of voided volume with a slight, but statistically, significant improvement of nocturia; with a good safety profile. These findings should be considered for the treatment planning of patients with storage lower urinary tract symptoms/overactive bladder.
Current status of holmium laser enucleation of the prostate
Authors: Shigemura Katsumi , Fujisawa Masato 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThere are several options for the surgical management of benign prostatic hyperplasia representatively from transurethral resection of the prostate. Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate is one of those options, and many institutions and urologists have initiated this technique, and most of them have accomplished better outcomes compared with transurethral resection of the prostate. In contrast to transurethral resection of the prostate, which requires a similar procedure to transurethral resection of bladder tumors, holmium laser enucleation of the prostate requires a special surgical technique: enucleation and morcellation with around 10 years’ history of experience, even in Japan. The present review introduces the current status of holmium laser enucleation of the prostate, so that it surely contributes to the knowledge of International Journal of Urology readers who could be experienced surgeons or beginners as well.
Homeodomain‐interacting protein kinase phosphorylates the Drosophila Paired box protein 6 (Pax6) homologues Twin of eyeless and Eyeless
Authors: Steinmetz E. L. , Dewald D. N. , Walldorf U. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractHomeodomain‐interacting protein kinase (Hipk), the Drosophila homologue of mammalian HIPK2, plays several important roles in regulating differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and stress responses and acts as a mediator for signals of diverse pathways, such as Notch or Wingless signalling. The Paired box protein 6 (Pax6) has two Drosophila homologues, Twin of eyeless (Toy) and Eyeless (Ey). Both stand atop the retinal determination gene network (RDGN), which is essential for proper eye development in Drosophila. Here, we set Hipk and the master regulators Toy and Ey in an enzyme–substrate relationship. Furthermore, we prove a physical interaction between Toy and Hipk in vivo using bimolecular fluorescence complementation. Using in vitro kinase assays with different truncated Toy constructs and mutational analyses, we mapped four Hipk phosphorylation sites of Toy, one in the paired domain (Ser121) and three in the C‐terminal transactivation domain of Toy (Thr395, Ser410 and Thr452). The interaction and phosphorylation of the master regulator Toy by Hipk may be important for precise tuning of signalling within the RDGN and therefore for Drosophila eye development.
Mediating Role of Psychological Capital in the Relationship between Social Support and Wellbeing of Refugees
Authors: Newman Alexander , Nielsen Ingrid , Smyth Russell , Hirst Giles 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis study examines the relationship between social support from work and non‐work domains and the wellbeing of refugee employees. In addition, it examines the mediating influence of psychological capital on these relationships. Using data from 190 refugee employees living in Australia, we find that while perceived organizational support and perceived family support are positively related to the wellbeing of refugee employees, the relationship between perceived supervisor support and wellbeing is not significant. Additionally, while we find that PsyCap fully mediates the relationship between perceived organizational support and wellbeing, it only partially mediates the relationship between perceived family support and wellbeing.
Non‐diabetic renal disease in patients with type 2 diabetes: a single centre study
Authors: Fan Jian‐Zhen , Wang Rong 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundNon‐diabetic renal disease (NDRD) has been widely known in diabetic patients. The clinical differentiation between diabetic nephropathy (DN) and NDRD is still not so clear and effective.AimTo analyse the pathological characteristics and distribution of renal injury in selected type 2 diabetic patients. Comparison between DN and NDRD in clinical characteristics, to find important predictors for NDRD.MethodsTo conduct retrospective analysis of clinical, laboratory and pathohistological data of type 2 diabetic patients in whom renal biopsies were performed from March 2010 to September 2014 in Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University (n = 88).ResultsAccording to the findings of renal biopsy, the incidences of DN, NDRD and DN complicated with NDRD were 20.46, 72.73 and 6.82% respectively. The most common NDRD found were: membranous nephropathy, followed by IgA nephropathy and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. In multivariate logistic‐analysis, fasting blood glucose (odds ratio (OR) 0.714; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.543–0.939; P = 0.016) and absence of diabetic retinopathy (OR 18.602; 95% CI = 2.176–159.018; P = 0.003) were independent predictors of NDRD.ConclusionsThis study confirmed a considerably high prevalence of NDRD in type 2 diabetic patients with renal injury. As some cases of NDRD are readily treatable or remittable, we should consider renal biopsy in selected diabetic patients with renal involvement, especially in those with effective blood glucose control and the absence of diabetic retinopathy.
The use of psychiatry‐focused simulation in undergraduate nursing education: A systematic search and review
Authors: Vandyk Amanda D. , Lalonde Michelle , Merali Sabrina , Wright Erica , Bajnok Irmajean , Davies Barbara 
Published: December 2017

AbstractEvidence on the use of simulation to teach psychiatry and mental health (including addiction) content is emerging, yet no summary of the implementation processes or associated outcomes exists. The aim of this study was to systematically search and review empirical literature on the use of psychiatry‐focused simulation in undergraduate nursing education. Objectives were to (i) assess the methodological quality of existing evidence on the use of simulation to teach mental health content to undergraduate nursing students, (ii) describe the operationalization of the simulations, and (iii) summarize the associated quantitative and qualitative outcomes. We conducted online database (MEDLINE, Embase, ERIC, CINAHL, PsycINFO from January 2004 to October 2015) and grey literature searches. Thirty‐two simulation studies were identified describing and evaluating six types of simulations (standardized patients, audio simulations, high‐fidelity simulators, virtual world, multimodal, and tabletop). Overall, 2724 participants were included in the studies. Studies reflected a limited number of intervention designs, and outcomes were evaluated with qualitative and quantitative methods incorporating a variety of tools. Results indicated that simulation was effective in reducing student anxiety and improving their knowledge, empathy, communication, and confidence. The summarized qualitative findings all supported the benefit of simulation; however, more research is needed to assess the comparative effectiveness of the types of simulations. Recommendations from the findings include the development of guidelines for educators to deliver each simulation component (briefing, active simulation, debriefing). Finally, consensus around appropriate training of facilitators is needed, as is consistent and agreed upon simulation terminology.
Survival of extensive restorations in primary molars: 15‐year practice‐based study
Authors: Tseveenjav Battsetseg , Furuholm Jussi , Mulic Aida , Valen Håkon , Maisala Tuomo , Turunen Seppo , Varsio Sinikka , Auero Merja , Tjäderhane Leo 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundCaries decline in the western world is accompanied by strong polarization among children; 8% of Finnish 5‐year‐olds having 76% of untreated caries. This high caries risk group needs preventive and restorative strategies.AimTo explore survival of extensive restorations in primary molars.DesignThis study was based on health records from 2002 to 2016 of children under 18 years.ResultsOf severely affected primary molars (n = 1061), 41% were restored with preformed metal crowns (PMCs), 38% with glass‐ionomer cement (GIC)/polyacid‐modified resin composite (PAMRC)/resin‐modified GIC (RMGIC), and 21% with resin composites (RC). Younger children (3–8) received 97% of the PMCs and 86% of GIC/PAMRC/RMGIC; older ones (≥9) 91% of the RC restorations. Neither amalgam nor indirect restorations were registered. General dentists (GDs) engaged in primary care restored with GIC/PAMRC/RMGIC (52%) or RC (48%). GDs in general anesthesia care service placed 66% and specializing/specialized dentists 31% of PMCs. PMCs had lower failure rate (1.4% vs 3.0%) than GIC/PAMRC/RMGIC (P = 0.001). Choosing PMCs reduced patient visits compared to other restorations (P < 0.001).ConclusionsSeverely affected primary molars of children at high caries risk are better managed, using PMCs to optimize the resources in public oral health services.
Comparative morphology of surface ultrastructure of diphyllobothriidean tapeworms (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidea)
Authors: Yoneva Aneta , Scholz Tomáš , Kuchta Roman 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMicrotriches on the scolices and adjacent strobila of seven species of diphyllobothriidean cestodes (Bothridium pithonis, Cephalochlamys namaquensis, Dibothriocephalus latus, Duthiersia expansa, D. fimbriata, Ligula intestinalis, and Schistocephalus solidus) from different hosts (frogs, snakes, lizards, birds, and mammals) and biogeographic areas were examined using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The basic structure of the tegument of the seven species studied does not differ markedly from that found in other cestodes. The main characteristic is the presence of electron‐dense bodies and vesicles in the distal cytoplasm. However, this study has shown differences in the morphology of microtriches even among species of the same family. Two different types of microtriches were found, filitriches and spinitriches, with the latter represented by two forms. Our study reveals that capilliform filitriches are most commonly found in Diphyllobothriidea. They were observed mainly on the strobila and the scolices of all but one studied species; individuals of L. intestinalis bore only coniform spinitriches on their surface. The same type of microtriches was found on the cirrus in D. latus. Gladiate spinitriches covered the scolex in both species of Duthiersia, and gladiate spinitriches interspersed with capilliform filitriches were observed on the anterior part of the strobila in D. fimbriata and the posterior part of the scolex in B. pithonis. Individuals of C. namaquensis were covered only by small acicular filitriches. No obvious pattern in the type and distribution of microtriches was observed among species that belong to different families and parasitize distantly related definitive hosts.
Pollen‐derived biomes in the Eastern Mediterranean–Black Sea–Caspian‐Corridor
Authors: Marinova Elena , Harrison Sandy P. , Bragg Fran , Connor Simon , de Laet Veronique , Leroy Suzanne A.G. , Mudie Petra , Atanassova Juliana , Bozilova Elissaveta , Caner Hülya , Cordova Carlos , Djamali Morteza , Filipova‐Marinova Mariana , Gerasimenko Natalia , Jahns Susanne , Kouli Katerina , Kotthoff Ulrich , Kvavadze Eliso , Lazarova Maria , Novenko Elena , Ramezani Elias , Röpke Astrid , Shumilovskikh Lyudmila , Tanţǎu Ioan , Tonkov Spassimir 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAimTo evaluate the biomization technique for reconstructing past vegetation in the Eastern Mediterranean–Black Sea–Caspian‐Corridor using an extensive modern pollen data set and comparing reconstructions to potential vegetation and observed land cover data.LocationThe region between 28–48°N and 22–62°E.MethodsWe apply the biomization technique to 1,387 modern pollen samples, representing 1,107 entities, to reconstruct the distribution of 13 broad vegetation categories (biomes). We assess the results using estimates of potential natural vegetation from the European Vegetation Map and the Physico‐Geographic Atlas of the World. We test whether anthropogenic disturbance affects reconstruction quality using land use information from the Global Land Cover data set.ResultsThe biomization scheme successfully predicts the broadscale patterns of vegetation across the region, including changes with elevation. The technique discriminates deserts from shrublands, the prevalence of woodlands in moister lowland sites, and the presence of temperate and mixed forests at higher elevations. Quantitative assessment of the reconstructions is less satisfactory: the biome is predicted correctly at 44% of the sites in Europe and 33% of the sites overall. The low success rate is not a reflection of anthropogenic impacts: only 33% of the samples are correctly assigned after the removal of sites in anthropogenically altered environments. Open vegetation is less successfully predicted (33%) than forest types (73%), reflecting the under‐representation of herbaceous taxa in pollen assemblages and the impact of long‐distance pollen transport into open environments. Samples from small basins (<1 km2) are more likely to be reconstructed accurately, with 58% of the sites in Europe and 66% of all sites correctly predicted, probably because they sample an appropriate pollen source area to reflect regional vegetation patterns in relatively heterogeneous landscapes. While methodological biases exist, the low confidence of the quantitative comparisons should not be over‐emphasized because the target maps themselves are not accurate representations of vegetation patterns in this region.Main ConclusionsThe biomization scheme yields reasonable reconstructions of the broadscale vegetation patterns in the Eastern Mediterranean–Black Sea–Caspian‐Corridor, particularly if appropriate‐sized sampling sites are used. Our results indicate biomization could be used to reconstruct changing patterns of vegetation in response to past climate changes in this region.
OTS1‐dependent deSUMOylation increases tolerance to high copper levels in Arabidopsis
Authors: Zhan Erbao , Zhou Huapeng , Li Sha , Liu Lei , Tan Tinghong , Lin Honghui 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe conjugation of SUMO (small ubiquitin‐like modifier) to protein substrates is a reversible process (SUMOylation/deSUMOylation) that regulates plant development and stress responses. The essential metal copper (Cu) is required for normal plant growth, but excess amounts are toxic. The SUMO E3 ligase, SIZ1, and SIZ1‐mediated SUMOylation function in plant tolerance to excess Cu. It is unknown whether deSUMOylation also contributes to Cu tolerance in plants. Here, we report that OTS1, a protease that cleaves SUMO from its substrate proteins, participates in Cu tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis). OTS1 loss‐of‐function mutants (ots1‐2 and ots1‐3) displayed increased sensitivity to excess Cu. Redox homeostasis and the balance between SUMOylation and deSUMOylation were disrupted in the ots1‐3 mutant under excess Cu conditions. The ots1‐3 mutant accumulated higher levels of Cu in both shoots and roots compared to wild type. Specific Cu‐related metal transporter genes were upregulated due to the loss‐of‐function of OTS1, which might explain the high Cu levels in ots1‐3. These results suggest that the SUMOylation/deSUMOylation machinery is activated in response to excess Cu, and modulates Cu homeostasis and tolerance by regulating both Cu uptake and detoxification. Together, our findings provide insight into the biological function and regulatory role of SUMOylation/deSUMOylation in plant tolerance to Cu.
The dioxygenase GIM2 functions in seed germination by altering gibberellin production in Arabidopsis
Authors: Xiong Wei , Ye Tiantian , Yao Xuan , Liu Xiong , Ma Sheng , Chen Xi , Chen Ming‐Luan , Feng Yu‐Qi , Wu Yan 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe phytohormones gibberellic acid (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) antagonistically control seed germination. High levels of GA favor seed germination, whereas high levels of ABA hinder this process. The direct relationship between GA biosynthesis and seed germination ability need further investigation. Here, we identified the ABA‐insensitive gain‐of‐function mutant germination insensitive to ABA mutant 2 (gim2) by screening a population of XVE T‐DNA‐tagged mutant lines. Based on two loss‐of‐function gim2‐ko mutant lines, the disruption of GIM2 function caused a delay in seed germination. By contrast, upregulation of GIM2 accelerated seed germination, as observed in transgenic lines overexpressing GIM2 (OE). We detected a reduction in endogenous bioactive GA levels and an increase in endogenous ABA levels in the gim2‐ko mutants compared to wild type. Conversely, the OE lines had increased endogenous bioactive GA levels and decreased endogenous ABA levels. The expression levels of a set of GA‐ and/or ABA‐related genes were altered in both the gim2‐ko mutants and the OE lines. We confirmed that GIM2 has dioxygenase activity using an in vitro enzyme assay, observing that GIM2 can oxidize GA12. Hence, our characterization of GIM2 demonstrates that it plays a role in seed germination by affecting the GA metabolic pathway in Arabidopsis.
Hexokinase 2‐dependent hyperglycolysis driving microglial activation contributes to ischemic brain injury
Authors: Li Yuan , Lu Bingzheng , Sheng Longxiang , Zhu Zhu , Sun Hongjiaqi , Zhou Yuwei , Yang Yang , Xue Dongdong , Chen Wenli , Tian Xuyan , Du Yun , Yan Min , Zhu Wenbo , Xing Fan , Li Kai , Lin Suizhen , Qiu Pengxin , Su Xingwen , Huang Yijun , Yan Guangmei , Yin Wei 
Published: December 2017

AbstractHyperglycolysis, observed within the penumbra zone during brain ischemia, was shown to be detrimental for tissue survival because of lactate accumulation and reactive oxygen species overproduction in clinical and experimental settings. Recently, mounting evidence suggests that glycolytic reprogramming and induced metabolic enzymes can fuel the activation of peripheral immune cells. However, the possible roles and details regarding hyperglycolysis in neuroinflammation during ischemia are relatively poorly understood. Here, we investigated whether overactivated glycolysis could activate microglia and identified the crucial regulators of neuroinflammatory responses in vitro and in vivo. Using BV 2 and primary microglial cultures, we found hyperglycolysis and induction of the key glycolytic enzyme hexokinase 2 (HK2) were essential for microglia‐mediated neuroinflammation under hypoxia. Mechanistically, HK2 up‐regulation led to accumulated acetyl‐coenzyme A, which accounted for the subsequent histone acetylation and transcriptional activation of interleukin (IL)‐1β. The inhibition and selective knockdown of HK2 in vivo significantly protected against ischemic brain injury by suppressing microglial activation and IL‐1β production in male Sprague–Dawley rats subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) surgery. We provide novel insights for HK2 specifically serving as a neuroinflammatory determinant, thus explaining the neurotoxic effect of hyperglycolysis and indicating the possibility of selectively targeting HK2 as a therapeutic strategy in acute ischemic stroke.
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Neck Vessel Cross‐Sectional Area Measured with MRI: Scan‐Rescan Reproducibility for Longitudinal Evaluations
Authors: Pelizzari Laura , Laganà Maria Marcella , Jakimovski Dejan , Bergsland Niels , Hagemeier Jesper , Baselli Giuseppe , Zivadinov Robert 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEThe cross‐sectional area (CSA) of common carotid arteries‐internal carotid arteries (CCA‐ICAs), vertebral arteries (VAs), and internal jugular veins (IJVs) is influenced by aging. However, the neck vessel CSA can be affected by other factors as well, including subject positioning, hydration, and respiration, especially in longitudinal studies. This study aimed to assess scan‐rescan reproducibility of CCA‐ICAs, VAs, and IJVs CSA measurements in order to evaluate their feasibility for longitudinal CSA assessments, and to apply the segmentation method on a longitudinal pilot dataset.METHODSTwo set of 2‐dimensional neck magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) images were acquired on a 3‐T scanner from two separate datasets: 9 healthy individuals (HIs) were scanned 5 days apart (scan‐rescan dataset) and 12 HIs were acquired 5 years apart (baseline‐follow‐up dataset). CCA‐ICAs, VAs, and IJVs were segmented along the whole vessel length between C3 and C7 intervertebral spaces. Repeated measure analysis of covariance, adjusted for cervical level and sample, and Wilcoxon signed‐rank sum test were used to assess the scan‐rescan and baseline‐follow‐up CSA differences. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was also computed to evaluate scan‐rescan reliability.RESULTSNo significant CSA differences were found for the scan‐rescan and baseline‐follow‐up CSA comparisons, using the whole vessel length or single cervical level measurements. ICC analysis showed good degree of scan‐rescan reproducibility (considering whole vessel measures: ICC > .9, P‐value < .001 for CCA‐ICAs, ICC > .6, P‐value < .001 for VAs, and ICC > .7, P‐value < .001 for IJVs).CONCLUSIONSScan‐rescan reproducibility of CCA‐ICAs, VAs, and IJVs CSA measurements is high, making longitudinal studies feasible.