bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing 2 Adhesive Methods on Skin Integrity in the High-Risk Neonate
Authors: Boswell Nicole , Waker Cheryl L. 
Published: September 2016

Background:
Nurses have a primary role in promoting neonatal skin integrity and skin care management of the critically ill neonate. Adhesive products are essential to secure needed medical devices but can be a significant factor contributing to skin breakdown. Current literature does not offer a definitive answer regarding which products most safely and effectively work to secure needed devices in the high-risk neonatal population.

Purpose:
To determine which adhesive method is best practice to safely and effectively secure lines/tubes in the high-risk neonate population.

Findings/Results:
The only main effect that was significant was age group with mean skin scores. Subjects in the younger group (24-28 weeks) had higher skin scores than in the older group (28-34 weeks), validating that younger gestations are at higher risk of breakdown with the use of adhesives.

Implications for Practice:
The findings did not clearly identify which product was superior to secure tubes and lines, or was the least injurious to skin of the high-risk neonate. Neither a transparent dressing only or transparent dressing over hydrocolloid method clearly demonstrated an advantage in the high-risk, preterm neonate. Anecdotal comments suggested staff preferred the transparent dressing over hydrocolloid method as providing better adhesive while protecting skin integrity. The findings validated that younger gestations are at higher risk of breakdown with the use of adhesives and therefore require close vigilance to maintain skin integrity.
Progress in neuro-imaging of brain tumors
Authors: Castellano Antonella , Falini Andrea 
Published: September 2016

Purpose of review
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is routinely employed in the diagnosis and clinical management of brain tumors. This review provides an overview of the advancements in the field of MRI, with a particular focus on the quantitative assessment by advanced physiological magnetic resonance techniques in light of the new molecular classification of brain tumor.

Recent findings
Understanding how molecular phenotypes of brain tumors are reflected in noninvasive imaging is the goal of radiogenomics, which aims at determining the association between imaging features and molecular markers in neuro-oncology. Advanced MRI techniques such as diffusion magnetic resonance imaging and perfusion-weighted imaging add important structural, hemodynamic, and physiological information for tumor diagnosis and classification, as well as to stratify tumor response. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy is able to depict with unprecedented accuracy metabolic biomarkers, which are relevant for molecular subtyping. Ultra-high-field imaging enhances anatomical detail and enables to explore new horizon in tumor imaging.

Summary
The noninvasive MRI-based assessment of tumor malignancy and molecular status may offer the opportunity to predict prognosis and to select patients who may be candidates for individualized targeted therapies, providing more sensitive tools for their follow-up.
Association between urinary incontinence and climacteric symptoms in postmenopausal women
Authors: Cagnacci Angelo , Palma Federica , Carbone Maria Maddalena , Grandi Giovanni , Xholli Anjeza 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

Objective:
The aim of the study was to evaluate whether climacteric symptoms are related to urinary incontinence (UI) in postmenopausal women.

Methods:
A cross-sectional investigation was performed on 1,502 postmenopausal women attending the outpatient service for menopause at a University Hospital. Data regarding climacteric symptoms, evaluated by the Greene Climacteric Scale, objective pelvic floor defects, and UI of any type, were retrieved from an electronic database. Additional information retrieved were age, anthropometric measures, personal and reproductive history, use of medication or drugs, smoking, state of anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory scale score), and depression (Zung's scale score).

Results:
The score of the Greene Climacteric Scale was higher (P = 0.0001) in women with (n = 534) than without (n = 902) UI (32.3 ± 13.1 vs 26.5 ± 12.5; P < 0.0011). The same was true when considering stress (n = 370) (31.4 ± 13.4; P =  0.0007), urge (n = 84) (34.5 ± 13.5; P =  0.005), or mixed (n = 89) (34.3 ± 11.4; P =  0.006) UI. In multiple logistic regression models, the Greene climacteric score was independently related to UI (odds ratio [OR] 1.05; 95% CI, 1.03-1.07), along with the presence of a bladder prolapse (OR 3.72; 95% CI, 2.59-5.34), age at menopause (OR 1.05; 95% CI, 1.01-1.09), and previous hysterectomy (OR 1.80; 95% CI, 1.08-3.01). Women in the fourth quartile of the Greene Climacteric Scale score had an OR of UI of 2.09 (95% CI, 1.5-2.9).

Conclusions:
In postmenopausal women, higher symptom burden, as captured by the Greene Climacteric Scale, relates to UI. Underlying mechanisms were not assessed, and deserve further investigation.
Compliance to vaginal treatment—tablets versus cream: a retrospective 9 years study
Authors: Weissmann-Brenner Alina , Bayevsky Tuvia , Yoles Israel 
Published: September 2016

AbstractObjective:Local estrogens are used for the treatment of genitourinary symptoms of menopause. The efficacy and adverse effects of both estrogen-containing vaginal tablets (VT) and estrogen-containing vaginal creams (VC)/gels are comparable. Our objective was to assess the compliance and adherence to treatment in a large population.Methods:A retrospective study on women aged 40 to 89 was performed in the Central District of the “Clalit” Health Services between 2006 and 2014. Demographic data on all women and usage details were electronically recorded. Patients eligible for analysis used VT or VC for at least 4 consecutive months.Results:A total of 2,269 patients used continuous monotherapy, of them 1,782 patients received treatment only with VC and 487 received treatment only with VT. Sixty-four percent of women treated with VT were treated for at least 4 months compared with 39% of women administered with VC (P < 0.000006). After 6 months of treatment, 83% of women with VT were asked for another prescription compared with 54% of women with VC (P < 0.001). The mean duration of treatment was 1,002 ± 38 days for the VT-treated women, and 787 ± 25 days for the VC-treated group (P < 0.000006).Conclusions:The present study showed superiority in the compliance and adherence of postmenopausal women to treatment with estrogen tablets over estrogen gel.
Frequent nocturia episodes, a suboptimal response to treatment, and small bladder capacity predict the need for persistent antimuscarinic therapy or re-treatment after discontinuation of antimuscarinics in female overactive bladder
Authors: Hsiao Sheng-Mou , Chang Ting-Chen , Chen Chi-Hau , Wu Wen-Yih , Lin Ho-Hsiung 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

Objective:
The aim of the study was to investigate predictive factors of the need for persistent antimuscarinic therapy or re-treatment (PR) after discontinuation of antimuscarinic therapy for women with overactive bladder syndrome (OAB).

Methods:
All consecutive OAB women were enrolled in a prospective cohort study, and treated with solifenacin for 12 weeks in a University Hospital. Factors affecting PR were analyzed by Cox regression analysis.

Results:
A total of 122 women were enrolled, and 107 women underwent 12-week solifenacin treatment. The dropout rate was 12.3%. The median follow-up period was 20.4 weeks (25-75 interquartile range: 16-102.3 wk). Twenty-seven (25%) women had PR. The median PR-free interval was 125.4 weeks (95% CI = 58.4 to – wk). Nocturia episodes (hazard ratio = 1.54), a suboptimal response (hazard ratio = 2.53), and the strong-desire volume (hazard ratio = 0.992) were independent predictors of PR by Cox backward stepwise regression analysis. The areas under the receiver-operating characteristic curves for nocturia episodes, a suboptimal response, and the strong-desire volume to predict PR were only 0.65, 0.63, and 0.59, respectively. In addition, normalized urinary nerve growth factor level was not significant (hazard ratio = 1.005, P = 0.68) for predicting PR. Furthermore, normalized urodynamic findings did not correlate with PR, a suboptimal response, or changes of Overactive Bladder Symptom Score and urinary nerve growth factor level.

Conclusions:
Frequent nocturia episodes, a suboptimal response, and small bladder capacity may predict PR after solifenacin treatment. These findings may serve as an initial guide in consultation regarding the treatment of OAB.
To assess differential features of marrow adiposity between postmenopausal women with osteoarthritis and osteoporosis using water/fat MRI
Authors: Li Guanwu , Xu Zheng , Fan Jingzheng , Yuan Wei , Zhang Lina , Hou Lingmi , Wu Dongmei , Chang Shixin , Calimente Horea , Hu Jiani 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

Objective:
To assess the differential features of marrow adiposity between osteoarthritis (OA) and osteoporosis (OP) in postmenopausal women using water/fat MRI.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study included 97 postmenopausal women (OA [n = 25], OA + osteopenia [n = 27], OA + OP [n = 23], and OP groups [n = 22]). Water/fat MRI, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and biochemical analysis were performed to assess vertebral marrow fat fraction, bone mineral density, and bone biomarkers, respectively. Harris Hip Score was recorded to evaluate hip function.

Results:
There were significant differences in marrow fat content among the OA, OA + osteopenia, and OA + OP groups, between OP and OA participants with normal bone mass or osteopenia (all P < 0.05); no significant difference was observed between OA + OP and OP groups. Serum levels of leptin and β-Crosslaps in OA with normal bone mass and osteopenic OA groups were higher than in OP group. Marrow fat fraction was inversely correlated with Harris Hip Score (r = −0.371, P = 0.013), bone mineral density (r = −0.554, P = 0.009) and leptin levels (r = −0.610, P < 0.001). In multivariate regression analysis, marrow fat fraction was found to have a consistent and unchanged inverse association with leptin levels (Sβ = −0.311, P = 0.002) and bone mineral density (Sβ =  −0.265, P = 0.006) after adjusting for age, years since menopause, and body mass index.

Conclusions:
Postmenopausal OA with OP have a phenotype with higher marrow adiposity. OA and OP could coexist, for the presence of a specific subgroup of OA with increased marrow fat accumulation and high risk of developing OP.
An update on vitamin D for clinicians
Authors: Hansen Karen E. , Johnson Michael G. 
Published: September 2016

Purpose of review
The clinical benefits of vitamin D therapy have received substantial attention over the past decade. Recently, several trials looked to clarify the optimal vitamin D dose or serum level needed to promote human health. The purpose of this review is to highlight selected studies published since January 2015.

Recent findings
Several recent trials challenge whether serum vitamin D levels at least 30 ng/ml promote human health. In postmenopausal women with 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels 21 ± 3 ng/ml, high-dose vitamin D for 1 year increased calcium absorption by 1%, without changes in bone mineral density, physical function, or falls when compared with low-dose vitamin D and placebo. High-dose vitamin D increased risk of falling in 200 adults 78 ± 5 years old with baseline 25(OH)D levels of ∼19 ± 9 ng/ml. High-dose vitamin D in adults increased the number and duration of upper respiratory tract infections compared with placebo. Asthma patients achieving 25(OH)D levels more than 30 ng/ml during a trial experienced more respiratory infections than those not achieving such levels.

Summary
Recent studies are congruent with the Institute of Medicine's conclusion that humans are vitamin D replete when their serum 25(OH)D levels are at least 20 ng/ml. Higher levels seem to promote falls and respiratory infections.
The Experience of Long-Stay Parents in the ICU: A Qualitative Study of Parent and Staff Perspectives
Authors: Geoghegan Sophie , Oulton Kate , Bull Catherine , Brierley Joe , Peters Mark , Wray Jo 
Published: September 2016

Objective:
Meeting the needs of parents of critically ill children is increasingly being recognized as an important factor in the child’s clinical outcome as well as the implications it has for future parenting. Little is specifically known about the experience of parents who have a child in the ICU for a prolonged period. Our objective was to understand the experiences of this group to assist in the identification of mechanisms for providing support.

Design:
Qualitative study based on semistructured interviews. Data were analyzed using the Framework approach.

Setting:
The study took place in a tertiary pediatric hospital containing three ICUs: PICU, cardiac ICU, and neonatal ICU (ICU will be used to encompass neonatal ICU, cardiac ICU, and PICU for the remainder of the article).

Subjects:
Seventeen members of staff and 26 parents of a child who had a long stay in one of the three ICUs.

Interventions:
Semistructured, tape-recorded interviews.

Measurements and Main Results:
Analyses identified two overarching themes, “parent process” and “parent/staff interface,” and six subthemes: adjustment, normalization/institutionalization, conflict, involvement in child’s care, individualized care, and transition. Themes have been modeled to account for the parental process during a long stay in the ICU and the potential implications for the relationships and interactions between parents and staff. Findings are presented from the data related to the parent process and parent/staff interface. Inclusion of an element in the model related to staff indicates where support mechanisms should be focused.

Conclusions:
Over time, long-stay families will likely become more familiar with the environment of the ICU, more knowledgeable about their child’s medical needs and more familiar with the staff looking after their child. This has a number of implications for staff working in the ICU.
Toxicological Emergencies in the Resuscitation Area of a Pediatric Emergency Department: A 12-Month Review
Authors: Beauchamp Gillian A. , Kerrey Benjamin T. , Mittiga Matthew R. , Rinderknecht Andrea S. , Yin Shan 
Published: September 2016

Objective
Few studies of children with toxicological emergencies describe those undergoing acute resuscitation, and most describe exposures to single agents. We describe a 12-month sample of patients evaluated in the resuscitation area of a pediatric emergency department (ED) for a toxicological emergency.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients in a high-volume, academic pediatric ED. We identified patients evaluated in the ED resuscitation area for toxicological exposure and conducted structured chart reviews to collect relevant data. For all variables of interest, we calculated standard descriptive statistics.

Results
Of 2999 patients evaluated in the resuscitation area through 12 months (March 2009 to April 2010), we identified 80 (2.7%) whose primary ED diagnosis was toxicological. The mean age was 11.4 years. Eighty-six percent of patients were triaged to the resuscitation area for significantly altered mental status. The most frequent single exposures were ethanol (25%), clonidine (10%), and acetaminophen (5%). At least 1 laboratory test was performed for almost all patients (97%). Interventions performed in the resuscitation area included intravenous access placement (97%), activated charcoal (20%), naloxone (19%), and endotracheal intubation (12%). Eighty-two percent of patients were admitted to the hospital; 37% to the intensive care unit. No patients studied in this sample died and most received only supportive care.

Conclusions
In a high-volume pediatric ED, toxicological emergencies requiring acute resuscitation were rare. Ethanol and clonidine were the most frequent single exposures. Most patients received diagnostic testing and were admitted. Further studies are needed to describe regional differences in pediatric toxicological emergencies.
Risks, Benefits, and Recommendations for Pastoral Care on Inpatient Psychiatric Units: A Systematic Review
Authors: PENNYBAKER STEVEN , HEMMING PATRICK , ROY DURGA , ANTON BLAIR , CHISOLM MARGARET S. 
Published: September 2016

Objective:
A systematic review was conducted of the biomedical literature regarding pastoral care (PaC) providers on inpatient psychiatric units with the aim of answering 3 questions: (1) What are the risks and benefits of PaC providers’ presence on inpatient psychiatric units? (2) What are current recommendations for integration of PaC providers into a psychiatric team? and (3) What gaps exist in the literature?

Methods:
PubMed, PsycInfo, Embase, CINAHL, and Scopus were searched from the start of each database to July 9, 2014 using terms related to PaC providers and inpatient psychiatry. Two independent reviewers performed full-text reviews of each article identified by independent review of all titles/abstracts from the electronic search and by a hand search of articles included in reference lists. Inclusion criteria were: English-language article, published in a peer-reviewed journal, and focus on a PaC provider working in a psychiatric hospital setting. One author performed data extraction.

Results:
Forty-nine articles were identified by electronic (84%) and hand search (16%), 18 of which were evaluative studies: 5 qualitative and 13 quantitative. Most of the literature viewed integration of PaC providers in inpatient treatment teams as beneficial. Potential harms were noted and mitigation strategies suggested, including providing training to PaC providers concerning psychiatric illness, clearly defining roles, and enhancing team integration. None of the articles reported outcomes data.

Conclusions:
Psychiatric inpatients often have unmet spiritual needs. Although the literature suggests potential benefits of PaC providers for psychiatric inpatients, more rigorous studies are needed to establish these benefits as efficacious. The authors of this review recommend the cautious integration of PaC providers into the psychiatric inpatient care team.
Critical factors determining the quantification capability of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization– time-of-flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Wang Chia-Chen , Lai Yin-Hung , Ou Yu-Meng , Chang Huan-Tsung , Wang Yi-Sheng 
Published: September 2016

Quantitative analysis with mass spectrometry (MS) is important but challenging. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) coupled with time-of-flight (TOF) MS offers superior sensitivity, resolution and speed, but such techniques have numerous disadvantages that hinder quantitative analyses. This review summarizes essential obstacles to analyte quantification with MALDI-TOF MS, including the complex ionization mechanism of MALDI, sensitive characteristics of the applied electric fields and the mass-dependent detection efficiency of ion detectors. General quantitative ionization and desorption interpretations of ion production are described. Important instrument parameters and available methods of MALDI-TOF MS used for quantitative analysis are also reviewed.This article is part of the themed issue ‘Quantitative mass spectrometry’.
The FACT complex and cell cycle progression are essential to maintain asymmetric transcription factor partitioning during cell division
Authors: Herrero Eva , Stinus Sonia , Bellows Eleanor , Thorpe Peter H 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe polarized partitioning of proteins in cells underlies asymmetric cell division, which is an important driver of development and cellular diversity. Like most cells, the budding yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiaedivides asymmetrically to give two distinct daughter cells. This asymmetry mimics that seen in metazoans and the key regulatory proteins are conserved from yeast to human. A well-known example of an asymmetric protein is the transcription factor Ace2, which localizes specifically to the daughter nucleus, where it drives a daughter-specific transcriptional network. We performed a reverse genetic screen to look for regulators of asymmetry based on the Ace2 localization phenotype. We screened a collection of essential genes in order to analyze the effect of core cellular processes in asymmetric cell division. This identified a large number of mutations that are known to affect progression through the cell cycle, suggesting that cell cycle delay is sufficient to disrupt Ace2 asymmetry. To test this model we blocked cells from progressing through mitosis and found that prolonged cell cycle arrest is sufficient to disrupt Ace2 asymmetry after release. We also demonstrate that members of the evolutionary conserved FACT chromatin-remodeling complex are required for both asymmetric and cell cycle-regulated localization of Ace2.
Clinically-weighted transcriptomic signatures for protein kinase inhibitor associated cardiotoxicity
Authors: van Hasselt JGC , Hansen J , Xiong Y , Shim J , Pickard A , Jayaraman G , Hu B , Mahajan M , Gallo J , Sobie EA , Birtwistle MR , Azeloglu EU , Iyengar R 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTCardiotoxicity (CT) involving diminished cardiac contractility and heart failure is a major adverse event associated with otherwise efficacious protein kinase inhibitors (KIs). Here, we sought to develop clinically-weighted transcriptomic signatures to predict risk of CT and to better understand the biological processes associated with CT risk. We obtained transcriptome-wide response profiles in four human primary cardiomyocyte cell lines that were treated with 22 different KIs using mRNA sequencing with 3’ digital gene expression. The FDA Adverse Event Reporting System was used to derive relative risk scores for four types of CT for different KIs. We used elastic net regression to associate these transcriptomic profiles with KI-associated risk scores for CT subtypes to obtain clinically-weighted transcriptomic signatures, which showed good predictive properties (cross-validation R2>0.87). Our clinically-weighted transcriptomic signatures for KI-associated CT may be of relevance in early drug development for the prediction of KI-associated CT.
N-Acyl Dopamines Induce Apoptosis in PC12 Cell Line via the O-1918-Sensitive non-CB1-non-CB2 Receptor
Authors: Akimov Mikhail G. , Ashba Alina M. , Gretskaya Natalia M. , Bezuglov Vladimir V. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractDopamine amides of long chain fatty acids (NADA) are a family of endogenous mammalian lipids with an unknown function; they are anti-proliferative for many cancer cell lines. The aim of this study was to identify the NADA receptor responsible for cell death induction. Using PC12 cells treated with NADA in combination with various receptor blockers, or pre-treated with the known receptor agonists to down-regulate the proposed receptor, NADA were shown to induce apoptosis. This activity was blocked only by the non-CB1-non-CB2 receptor antagonist O-1918, and by the pre-treatment with the agonists of this receptor ethanolamides of palmitic and oleic acids.
Role of tolerance to resource demand – supply mismatch in a model of annual plants
Authors: Droz Michel , Pękalski Andrzej 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe propose and discuss a simulation model of annual plants competing for a single resource. Plants are characterised by their tolerance to a shortage of it and the maximum number of seeds a plant could produce in a year. Interaction among plants is reduced to blocking a part of the resource by the plant’s nearest neighbours. Spatial and temporal external conditions remain unchanged. We consider two systems - plants of one type (target plants) and a mixture of two types, when the second type differs from the target ones only by the tolerance to a shortage or surplus of the resource. We show how the life cycle of a plant depends on its tolerance, supply of the resource and how it is affected by the presence of the second type of annuals. We demonstrate that coexistence of the two species is possible, and we determine the conditions for it.