bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role perceptions and attitudes toward discretion at a decentralized regulatory frontline: The case of organic inspectors
Authors: Carter David P. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe complexity of decentralized regulatory contexts can threaten program fidelity, particularly if it results in divergence between program goals and the intents of regulatory inspectors. This paper investigates how inspectors negotiate the conflicting demands of a decentralized program by examining how they perceive their regulatory roles – the primary responsibilities that inspectors ascribe to their functions and the entities to which they feel responsible – and how these role orientations are related to inspectors' attitudes toward the use of discretion. The study findings indicate that in the decentralized administration of United States organic food regulations, inspectors experience multiple, and sometimes conflicting, role orientations. The presence of multiple role orientations, however, does not seem to affect how inspectors approach their responsibilities. The combined strengths of quantitative and qualitative data are leveraged to offer explanations for the study findings and identify avenues for future research.
Clinical outcome of partial cystectomy for transitional cell carcinoma of the canine bladder
Authors: Marvel S. J. , Séguin B. , Dailey D. D. , Thamm D. H. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractCanine transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder has historically been treated with a combination of chemotherapy, cyclooxygenase inhibitors and radiation therapy. While surgery has been used to treatTCCof the bladder, its efficacy has yet to be established. Thirty‐seven client owned dogs that underwent partial cystectomy +/− various nonsurgical treatments forTCCwere retrospectively evaluated. The overall median progression‐free interval (PFI) was 235 days and the median survival time (ST) was 348 days. Prognostic factors identified on univariate analysis significant forSTwere age, tumor location, full thickness excision and frequency of piroxicam administration. Prognostic factors significant forPFIwere full thickness excision and frequency of piroxicam administration. The medianSTwith partial cystectomy and daily piroxicam therapy, with or without chemotherapy, was 772 days. Dogs with non‐trigonal bladderTCCtreated with full thickness partial cystectomy and daily piroxicam (+/− chemotherapy) may have improved outcome compared to dogs treated with medical therapy.
Retailer licensing and tobacco display compliance: are some retailers more likely to flout regulations?
Authors: Fry Rae , Burton Suzan , Williams Kelly , Walsberger Scott , Tang Anita , Chapman Kathy , Egger Sam 
Published: February 2017

ObjectivesTo assess retailer compliance with a licensing scheme requiring tobacco retailers to list their business details with the government, to examine whether listed retailers are more likely to comply with a point-of-sale (POS) display ban and other in-store retailing laws and to explore variations in compliance between different retailer types and locations.MethodAn audit of 1739 retailers in New South Wales, Australia, was used to assess compliance with tobacco retailing legislation. Auditors actively searched for and audited unlisted retailers and all listed retailers in 122 metropolitan and regional postcodes. Multivariate generalised linear regression models were used to examine associations between compliance and retailer type, remoteness and demographic characteristics (socioeconomic level, proportion of population under 18 years and proportion born in Australia).ResultsOne unlisted tobacco retailer was identified for every 12.6 listed tobacco retailers. Unlisted retailers were significantly more likely than listed retailers to breach in-store retailing laws (p<0.001). Compliance with the POS display ban was observed in 91.3% of tobacco retailers, but compliance with all retailing laws was only 73.4%. Retailers in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas had lower compliance than those in high socioeconomic areas.ConclusionsSome tobacco retailers did not list their business details with the government as required, even though there was no financial cost to do so. Unlisted retailers were more likely to violate in-store regulations. The results suggest licensing schemes can be useful for providing a list of retailers, thus facilitating enforcement, but require a system to search for, and respond to, unlisted/unlicensed retailers.
A theoretical framework for determining cerebral vascular function and heterogeneity from dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI
Authors: Digernes Ingrid , Bjørnerud Atle , Vatnehol Svein Are S , Løvland Grete , Courivaud Frédéric , Vik-Mo Einar , Meling Torstein R , Emblem Kyrre E 
Published: February 2017

Mapping the complex heterogeneity of vascular tissue in the brain is important for understanding cerebrovascular disease. In this translational study, we build on previous work using vessel architectural imaging (VAI) and present a theoretical framework for determining cerebral vascular function and heterogeneity from dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Our tissue model covers realistic structural architectures for vessel branching and orientations, as well as a range of hemodynamic scenarios for blood flow, capillary transit times and oxygenation. In a typical image voxel, our findings show that the apparent MRI relaxation rates are independent of the mean vessel orientation and that the vortex area, a VAI-based parameter, is determined by the relative oxygen saturation level and the vessel branching of the tissue. Finally, in both simulated and patient data, we show that the relative distributions of the vortex area parameter as a function of capillary transit times show unique characteristics in normal-appearing white and gray matter tissue, whereas tumour-voxels in comparison display a heterogeneous distribution. Collectively, our study presents a comprehensive framework that may serve as a roadmap for in vivo and per-voxel determination of vascular status and heterogeneity in cerebral tissue.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and hearing disorders: Literature review and meta-analysis of clinical and temporal bone findings
Authors: Di Stadio A , Ralli Massimo 
Published: February 2017

Objective This literature review and meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the correlations among hearing and vestibular clinical symptoms, temporal bone findings, and pathological mechanisms in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Study design Relevant papers in the literature were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical hearing aspects in patients with SLE and relevant temporal bone studies in the same field were analyzed. Methods PubMed and Google Scholar searches were performed using the following keywords: “auto-immune disease,” “systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE),” “hearing loss,” “temporal bone study,” “vertigo,” “dizziness,” “tinnitus,” “ear symptoms,” “treatment,” “diagnosis,” “symptoms,” “etiopathogenesis,” “Wegener granulomatosis,” “Sjogren,” “polyarteritis nodosa,” “Cogan syndrome,” and “granulomatosis.” Also included were reviews in which the following terms were present: “SLE,” “temporal bone,” and “hearing symptoms.” Review and conclusion This literature review and meta-analysis focused on the pathological mechanisms through which SLE can damage inner ear structures and determinate hearing and vestibular symptoms. The main mechanisms involved in inner ear damage include the autoimmune response, deposition of immune complexes in the vessels and, to a lesser extent, cytotoxic damage.
Examination of the Relationship Between Gender, Performance, and Enjoyment of a First-Person Shooter Game
Authors: Hopp Toby , Fisher Jolene 
Published: February 2017

Purpose. The purpose of this work was to explore the relationship between gender, game performance factors, and player enjoyment of a first-person shooter (FPS) video game. Drawing upon the notion that FPS games are gendered spaces in which men are both the intended and ideal participants, we predicted that women’s game enjoyment, in contrast to men’s, would rest on their ability to positively violate negative expectancies associated with FPS games by performing at a high level. Method. Two inter-related studies were employed. The first (preliminary) study used an online survey to assess gender-based expectancy differences. The second (main) study was lab-based. Here, participants played the FPS game COUNTER-STRIKE: GLOBAL OFFENSIVE and provided data on perceived game performance and session enjoyment. Results. The data indicated that men’s enjoyment of a FPS game was not influenced by game performance while women’s enjoyment was, in fact, significantly influenced by both subjective self-relative and objective performance dimensions. Conclusions. The present findings may provide a partial explanation for the persistence of the gender gap relative to FPS preference. Moreover, the current work extends the current scholarly understanding of expectancy value theory (EVT) by investigating the effect of expectancy violations associated with one’s own behavior.
Haematology and coagulation profiles in cats with congenital portosystemic shunts
Authors: Tzounos Caitlin E , Tivers Michael S , Adamantos Sophie E , English Kate , Rees Alan L , Lipscomb Vicky J 
Published: February 2017

Objectives The objectives of this study were, first, to report the haematological parameters and coagulation times for cats with a congenital portosystemic shunt (CPSS) and the influence of surgical shunt attenuation on these parameters; and, second, to identify any association between prolongation in coagulation profiles and incidence of perioperative haemorrhage. Methods This was a retrospective clinical study using client-owned cats with a CPSS. Signalment, shunt type (extra- or intrahepatic), degree of shunt attenuation (complete or partial), haematological parameters, prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) test results, and occurrence of any perioperative clinical bleeding complications were recorded for cats undergoing surgical treatment of a CPSS at the Royal Veterinary College, UK, between 1994 and 2011. Results Forty-two cats were included. Thirty-six (85.7%) had an extrahepatic CPSS and six (14.3%) had an intrahepatic CPSS. Preoperatively, mean cell volume (MCV) and mean cell haemoglobin (MCH) were below the reference interval (RI) in 32 (76.2%) and 31 (73.8%) cats, respectively. Red blood cell count and mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were above the RI in 10 (23.8%) and eight (19.1%) cats, respectively. Postoperatively, there were significant increases in haematocrit ( P = 0.044), MCV ( P = 0.008) and MCH ( P = 0.002). Despite the significant increase in MCV postoperatively, the median MCV postoperatively was below the RI, indicating persistence of microcytosis. Preoperatively, PT was above the upper RI in 14 cats (87.5%), and aPTT was above the upper RI in 11 cats (68.8%). No cat demonstrated a perioperative clinical bleeding complication. Conclusions and relevance Cats with a CPSS are likely to present with a microcytosis, but rarely present with anaemia, leukocytosis or thrombocytopenia. Surgical attenuation of the CPSS results in a significant increase in the HCT and MCV. Coagulation profiles in cats with a CPSS are likely to be prolonged, irrespective of shunt type, but do not appear to be associated with an increased risk of clinical bleeding.
Insulin-like growth factor type 1 concentrations in hyperthyroid cats before and after treatment with thiamazole
Authors: Rochel Daphné , Burger Myriam , Nguyen Patrick , Jaillardon Laetitia 
Published: February 2017

Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in circulating insulin-like growth factor type 1 (IGF-1) concentrations in hyperthyroid cats, before and after thiamazole treatment. Methods Thirty-four hyperthyroid cats were retrospectively included. Plasma free thyroxine (fT4) and IGF-1 concentrations were measured at diagnosis and 3 months after initiating antithyroid drug therapy. Results Median fT4 significantly decreased ( P <0.001) after treatment (from 78 pmol/l [range 43–122 pmol/l] to 31 pmol/l [range below assay limit of detection to 88 pmol/l]), whereas IGF-1 values significantly increased ( P <0.001) after treatment (from 117 ng/ml [33–341 ng/ml] to 221 ng/ml [36–865 ng/ml]). fT4 and IGF-1 concentrations were significantly negatively correlated both at diagnosis (r = −0.43, P = 0.01) and after treatment (r = −0.51, P = 0.002). Conclusions and relevance In cats, IGF-1 concentrations appear to be inversely proportional to the severity of hyperthyroidism and significantly increase after treatment with thiamazole.
Impact of acute infarct-related artery patency before percutaneous coronary intervention on 30-day outcomes in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention in the EUROMAX trial
Authors: Rakowski Tomasz , Dudek Dariusz , van ’t Hof Arnoud , Ten Berg Jurrien , Soulat Louis , Zeymer Uwe , Lapostolle Frederic , Anthopoulos Prodromos , Bernstein Debra , Deliargyris Efthymios N , Steg Philippe Gabriel 
Published: February 2017

Aims: Early infarct-related artery patency has been associated with improved outcomes in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention. However, it is unknown whether this relationship persists in contemporary practice with pre-hospital initiation of treatment, use of novel P2Y12 inhibitors and frequent use of drug-eluting stents. The purpose of the study was to determine the impact of early infarct-related artery patency on outcomes in the contemporary EUROMAX trial. Methods and results: A total of 2218 patients were enrolled. The current analysis was done on 1863 patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention and had infarct-related artery patency data. Thirty-day outcomes were compared according to infarct-related artery flow before percutaneous coronary intervention (Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow 0/1 vs. TIMI flow 2/3), and interaction with antithrombotic strategy was examined. A patent infarct-related artery (TIMI flow 2/3) was present in 707 patients (37.9%) and was associated with a higher rate of final TIMI 3 flow grade (98.9 vs. 92.6%; p<0.001). At 30 days, a patent infarct-related artery was associated with lower rates of cardiac death (1.3% vs. 2.9%; p=0.026) and the composite of death or myocardial infarction (2.7% vs. 4.6%; p=0.039). There were no interactions between antithrombotic treatment and the impact of infarct-related artery patency on cardiac death, myocardial infarction, or the composite of death or myocardial infarction (Breslow–Day interaction p-values of 0.21, 0.33 and 0.46, respectively). Conclusion: Despite evolution in primary percutaneous coronary intervention strategies, early infarct-related artery patency is still associated with higher procedural success and improved clinical outcomes. The choice of antithrombotic strategy did not interact with the benefits of a patent infarct-related artery at presentation.
Telecare – where, when, why and for whom does it work? A realist evaluation of a Norwegian project
Authors: Berge Mari S 
Published: February 2017

Introduction Evaluations of telecare demonstrate disparate results, which are of little help for understanding what the users need from further policy and development. This study aims to provide a more nuanced approach to telecare evaluations. Methods Realist evaluation is used to scrutinize what it is about telecare that works for whom, why, how and in which circumstances. Sequential interviews were conducted with telecare users and relatives at pre- and post-implementation stages. Result Some users experienced the intended effects from telecare, such as increased feeling of safety, whereas others did not. Various contextual elements influenced how people reasoned about the resources provided by telecare and affected the individual outcomes. Discussion The desire to remain in own home appeared to be a major driving force in accepting telecare. Users had surprisingly high tolerance to side effects of telecare, which might indicate that much was at stake. Some users disapproved of having telecare due to contextual reasons; however, readjustments proved successful to some. Conclusion This study illuminates how and why telecare works differently in different situations, and thus leads to different outcomes. When telecare is correctly adjusted to match the user’s needs, abilities and contexts it enables them to feel safe and remain in their own homes.
Micro-computed tomography and mechanical evaluation of trabecular bone structure in osteopenic and osteoporotic fractures
Authors: Ozan Fırat , Pekedis Mahmut , Koyuncu Şemmi , Altay Taşkın , Yıldız Hasan , Kayalı Cemil 
Published: February 2017

Purpose: Osteopenia and osteoporosis are the two most common musculoskeletal disorders in the elderly population. We determined whether osteopenic and osteoporotic patients with fractures exhibit differences in trabecular morphology and biomechanical properties of bone. Methods: Fourteen osteopenic patients and 28 osteoporotic patients with hip fractures who underwent hemiarthroplasty for proximal femoral fractures caused by low-energy injury were included. Bone mineral density (BMD) measurements were performed. Compression tests and high-resolution micro-computed tomography were used to assess cancellous bone samples obtained from the principal compressive region of the femoral head. Results: The BMD values were lower in the osteoporotic patients than in the osteopenic patients ( p < 0.05). There was a significant difference in the yield stress values between the groups ( p < 0.05). However, no significant differences in the strain energy density, stiffness and Young’s modulus were observed between the groups ( p > 0.05). The mean maximum stress was significantly higher in the osteoporotic patients than in the osteopenic patients ( p < 0.05). Although structural parameters, including bone volume (BV), BV fraction, trabecular thickness, trabecular connectivity density and trabecular number, were higher in the osteopenic patients, the differences were not significant ( p > 0.05). Trabecular separation values were significantly higher in the osteoporotic patients ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our results showed that the trabecular morphology and biomechanical properties of bone were not significantly different between osteopenic and osteoporotic patients in terms of some parameters.
Single cell sequencing: a distinct new field
Authors: Wang Jian , Song Yuanlin 
Published: February 2017

AbstractSingle cell sequencing (SCS) has become a new approach to study biological heterogeneity. The advancement in technologies for single cell isolation, amplification of genome/transcriptome and next‐generation sequencing enables SCS to reveal the inherent properties of a single cell from the large scale of the genome, transcriptome or epigenome at high resolution. Recently, SCS has been widely applied in various clinical and research fields, such as cancer biology and oncology, immunology, microbiology, neurobiology and prenatal diagnosis. In this review, we will discuss the development of SCS methods and focus on the latest clinical and research applications of SCS.
Gendering Landscapes of War Through the Narratives of Soldiers’ Mothers
Authors: Kaptan Senem 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Despite being exempt from compulsory military service, women have been indispensable in their roles as mothers of conscripted soldiers in the conflict between the Turkish military and the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK). Based on in-depth interviews conducted with twenty women in Istanbul whose sons were deployed to the conflict zone and returned home without any injuries, this article examines how the conflict has impacted the mothers’ perception of national service, of the Kurdish conflict, and of the “East.” I argue that the women start to partly question the obligation to serve once their children are asked to become the potential victims, and perpetrators, of the conflict. But this questioning does not develop into a full-fledged critique of the service and ends up reinforcing the tropes associated with Kurds and the “East” as backward, unruly, and resistant to change. Thus they mostly justify the modernizing mission of the military.
Εισαγωγή: Κοινωνικές τάξεις και πολιτιστική κατανάλωση - μια πολλαπλά επίμαχη σχέση
Authors: Εμμανουήλ Δημήτρης , Καυταντζόγλου Ρωξάνη , Σουλιώτης Νίκος 
Published: February 2017

Στα άρθρα του παρόντος ειδικού τεύχους παρουσιάζονται τα κύρια ευρήματα και τα θεωρητικά συμπεράσματα μιας εμπειρικής έρευνας που πραγματοποιήθηκε στην Αθήνα το 2013 με αντικείμενο τη σχέση μεταξύ κοινωνικής διαστρωμάτωσης και πολιτιστικής κατανάλωσης στα πεδία της μουσικής, του κινηματογράφου, του θεάτρου και του χορού. Η εισαγωγή παρουσιάζει το πλαίσιο του προβληματισμού, τις έννοιες, τις θεωρητικές υποθέσεις και τις μεθοδολογικές επιλογές που κατεύθυναν την έρευνα. Στο πρώτο μέρος της εισαγωγής εξετάζονται οι διαφορετικές προσεγγίσεις της κοινωνικής διαστρωμάτωσης, με ιδιαίτερη έμφαση στη σημασία της βεμπεριανής διάκρισης ανάμεσα σε οικονομική τάξη και κοινωνικό status. Το δεύτερο μέρος εξετάζει τις βασικές κοινωνιολογικές θεωρίες για τα πρότυπα πολιτιστικής κατανάλωσης μετά την εμφάνιση της Διάκρισης του Μπουρντιέ. Το τρίτο μέρος, με το οποίο ολοκληρώνεται η εισαγωγή, παρουσιάζει τα κυριότερα μεθοδολογικά ζητήματα που αντιμετωπίζουν οι σχετικές έρευνες, ιδιαίτερα τις επιλογές για το εύρος των εξεταζόμενων δραστηριοτήτων και τη σημασία που θα δοθεί στις πρακτικές, τις προτιμήσεις και τους τρόπους πρόσληψης των πολιτιστικών αγαθών κατά την ανάλυση της πολιτιστικής κατανάλωσης.
Πρότυπα πολιτιστικής κατανάλωσης και κοινωνική διαστρωμάτωση στην Αθήνα: Μερικές γενικές παρατηρήσεις για την ελληνική περίπτωση
Authors: Εμμανουήλ Δημήτρης 
Published: February 2017

Πρόκειται για μια αξιολόγηση των ευρημάτων εμπειρικής έρευνας της πολιτιστικής κατανάλωσης "έξω από το σπίτι" στην Αθήνα του 2013 που κάλυψε ξεχωριστά τα πεδία του σινεμά, της μουσικής και του θεάτρου και χορού. Το παρόν κείμενο επιχειρεί μια σύνθεση με στόχο την αξιολόγηση εναλλακτικών μοντέλων της σχέσης μεταξύ τάξεων και τύπων κουλτούρας όπως του Bourdieu για τη σχέση "ομολογίας" και του Peterson για τον αυξανόμενο ρόλο των "παμφάγων" καταναλωτών πολιτισμού. Αν και η έκταση της παμφαγίας ήταν περιορισμένη, περιορισμένη εφαρμογή έχει και το σχήμα του Bourdieu καθώς σημαντικά τμήματα των ανώτερων στρωμάτων υιοθετούν το αντίθετο "λαϊκό" πολιτιστικό πρότυπο. Αυτό το "σχίσμα" εξετάζεται υπό το φως των απόψεων για τη λαϊκή κουλτούρα και τις εξελίξεις στην κατανάλωση και στα πολιτικά του πολιτισμού.
Κοινωνική διαστρωμάτωση και πρότυπα κατανάλωσης πολιτισμού: Ο κινηματογράφος στην περίπτωση της Αθήνας
Authors: Καυταντζόγλου Ρωξάνη , Εμμανουήλ Δημήτρης 
Published: February 2017

Το άρθρο επικεντρώνεται στη διερεύνηση της σχέσης μεταξύ της κοινωνικής διαστρωμάτωσης και της κατανάλωσης πολιτισμού και, συγκεκριμένα, της εξόδου για σινεμά και της επιλογής είδους ταινίας. Τα ευρήματα ερμηνεύονται με αναφορά στην αντιπαράθεση μεταξύ των θεωρητικών σχημάτων της «διάκρισης» (Μπουρντιέ), της «παμφαγίας» (Peterson), της μετανεωτερικής προσέγγισης καθώς και της πιο πρόσφατης θεωρίας της «παραφωνίας» (Lahire). Κεντρική επιλογή της έρευνας αποτελεί η νέο-βεμπεριανή προσέγγιση του στάτους και της κοινωνικό-οικονομικής τάξης ως θεμελιωδών και διακριτών διαστάσεων της διαστρωμάτωσης. Τα ευρήματα υποδεικνύουν την ύπαρξη μηχανισμού «διάκρισης» κατά το μπουρντιεακό πρότυπο, δίχως όμως να υφίσταται η συστηματική «ομολογική» σχέση μεταξύ τάξης και κουλτούρας την οποία αυτό εισηγείται. Διαπιστώνονται, επίσης, ισχνές μόνον τάσεις προς παμφαγική και παράφωνη καταναλωτική συμπεριφορά.