bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tracer‐based evidence of heterogeneity in subsurface flow and storage within a boreal hillslope
Authors: Koch Joshua C. , Toohey Ryan C. , Reeves Donald M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractRunoff from boreal hillslopes is often affected by distinct soil boundaries, including the frozen boundary and the organic‐mineral boundary (OMB), where highly porous and hydraulically conductive organic material overlies fine‐grained mineral soils. Viewed from the surface, ground cover appears as a patchwork on sub‐meter scales, with thick, moss mats interspersed with lichen‐covered, silty soils with gravel inclusions. We conducted a decameter‐scale subsurface tracer test on a boreal forest hillslope in interior Alaska to quantify locations and mechanisms of transport and storage in these soils, focusing on the OMB. A sodium bromide tracer was added as a slug addition to a pit and sampled at 40 down‐gradient wells, screened primarily at the OMB and within a 7 × 12 m well field. We maintained an elevated head in the injection pit for 8.5 hr to simulate a storm. Tracer breakthrough velocities ranged from <0.12 to 0.93 m hr−1, with the highest velocities in lichen‐covered soils. After 12 hr and cessation of the elevated head, the tracer coalesced and was only detected in thick mosses at a trough in the OMB. By 24 hr, approximately 17% of the tracer mass could be accounted for. The majority of the mass loss occurred between 4 and 12 hr, while the tracer was in contact with lichen‐covered soils, which is consistent with tracer transport into deeper flow paths via preferential flow through discrete gravelly areas. Slow breakthroughs suggest that storage and exchange also occurred in shallow soils, likely related to saturation and drainage in fine‐grained mineral soils caused by the elevated hydraulic head. These findings highlight the complex nature of storage and transmission of water and solutes from boreal hillslopes to streams and are particularly relevant given rapid changes to boreal environments related to climate change, thawing permafrost and increasing fire severity.
Interactions between groundwater and seasonally ice‐covered lakes: Using water stable isotopes and radon‐222 multilayer mass balance models
Authors: Arnoux Marie , Gibert‐Brunet Elisabeth , Barbecot Florent , Guillon Sophie , Gibson John , Noret Aurélie 
Published: April 2017

AbstractInteractions between lakes and groundwater are of increasing concern for freshwater environmental management but are often poorly characterized. Groundwater inflow to lakes, even at low rates, has proven to be a key in both lake nutrient balances and in determining lake vulnerability to pollution. Although difficult to measure using standard hydrometric methods, significant insight into groundwater–lake interactions has been acquired by studies applying geochemical tracers. However, the use of simple steady‐state, well‐mixed models, and the lack of characterization of lake spatiotemporal variability remain important sources of uncertainty, preventing the characterization of the entire lake hydrological cycle, particularly during ice‐covered periods.In this study, a small groundwater‐connected lake was monitored to determine the annual dynamics of the natural tracers, water stable isotopes and radon‐222, through the implementation of a comprehensive sampling strategy. A multilayer mass balance model was found outperform a well‐mixed, one‐layer model in terms of quantifying groundwater fluxes and their temporal evolution, as well as characterizing vertical differences.Water stable isotopes and radon‐222 were found to provide complementary information on the lake water budget. Radon‐222 has a short response time, and highlights rapid and transient increases in groundwater inflow, but requires a thorough characterization of groundwater radon‐222 activity. Water stable isotopes follow the hydrological cycle of the lake closely and highlight periods when the lake budget is dominated by evaporation versus groundwater inflow, but continuous monitoring of local meteorological parameters is required. Careful compilation of tracer evolution throughout the water column and over the entire year is also very informative. The developed models, which are suitable for detailed, site‐specific studies, allow the quantification of groundwater inflow and internal dynamics during both ice‐free and ice‐covered periods, providing an improved tool for understanding the annual water cycle of lakes.
Natural antioxidant flavonoids in formalin‐induced mice paw inflammation; inhibition of mitochondrial sorbitol dehydrogenase activity
Authors: Mohammad F. Ebtehal , Hasan Wedad A. , Mohamed Eman G. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractFlavonoids have reported to cover interesting multiple pharmacological properties. This study evaluated the effect of apigenin or silymarin in paw inflammation induced by formalin in mice. Mice were divided into four groups: I: positive control group; II: apigenin, 3 mg/kg (i.p.); III: silymarin 50 mg/kg (p.o.); IV: meloxicam 10 mg/kg (p.o.), the reference drug. Therapies were administered once a day for 7 days. The curative effects were assessed on inflammatory, oxidative stress and neurotransmitter biomarkers, and apoptosis. Both flavonoids induced marked improvement in paw licking time, paw edema %, malondialdehyde content, superoxide dismutase, and sorbitol dehydrogenase activities, with slight progress in paw interlukin‐1β. Additionally, silymarin augmented brain content of dopamine and norepinephrine. Furthermore, flavonoids induced marked decline in extent of apoptosis. So, the results spotlight on the good influence of apigenin or silymarin as anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic agents in formalin‐induced mice paw inflammation to even a better extent than meloxicam.
Regulation of the Alternative Splicing and Function of Cyclin T1 by the Serine‐Arginine‐Rich Protein ASF/SF2
Authors: Zhou Jieqiong , Gao Guozhen , Hou Panpan , Li Chun‐Mei , Guo Deyin 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTPositive transcription elongation factor‐b (P‐TEFb) is required for the release of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) from its pause near the gene promoters and thus for efficient proceeding to the transcription elongation. It consists of two core subunits—CDK9 and one of T‐typed or K‐typed cyclin, of which, cyclin T1/CDK9 is the major and most studied combination. We have previously identified a novel splice variant of cyclin T1, cyclin T1b, which negatively regulates the transcription elongation of HIV‐1 genes as well as several host genes. In this study, we revealed the serine‐arginine‐rich protein, ASF/SF2, as a regulatory factor of the alternative splicing of cyclin T1 gene. ASF/SF2 promotes the production of cyclin T1b versus cyclin T1a and regulates the expression of cyclin T1‐depedent genes at the transcription level. We further found that a cis‐element on exon 8 is responsible for the skipping of exon 7 mediated by ASF/SF2. Collectively, ASF/SF2 is identified as a splicing regulator of cyclin T1, which contributes to the control of the subsequent transcription events. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 4020–4032, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Aberrantly Expressed Long Non‐Coding RNAs In CD8+ T Cells Response to Active Tuberculosis
Authors: Fu Yurong , Gao Kunshan , Tao Enxue , Li Ruifang , Yi Zhengjun 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTDysregulated expression of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) has been demonstrated as being implicated in a variety of human diseases. In the study we aimed to determine lncRNA profile in CD8+ T cells response to active tuberculosis (TB). We examined the lncRNA expression by microarray in circulating CD8+ T cells isolated from patients with active TB and healthy controls. Change predictions to analysis was used to address functional roles of the deregulated mRNAs. Real‐time quantitative PCR (RT‐qPCR) was used to validate the microarray result. In total, 328 lncRNAs and 356 mRNAs were differentially expressed in TB CD8+ T cells. Upregulated mRNAs were mainly enriched in cAMP signaling pathway, calcium signaling pathway, and TGF‐beta signaling pathway, while downregulated mRNAs were enriched in antigen processing and presentation and natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity in TB CD8+ T cells. Interestingly, we found that heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1) was decreased in active TB CD8+ T cells, while its nearby lincRNA XLOC_014219 was upregulated. Subsequent RT‐qPCR results confirmed the changes. This is the first research addressing lncRNA expression profiles in active TB CD8+ T cells. The aberrantly expressed lncRNAs observed in the study may provide clues to the dysfunction of CD8+ T cells and so to the pathophysiological properties of active TB. Further studies should focus on the function of lncRNAs involved in active TB. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 4275–4284, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sleep disorders in the elderly: Diagnosis and management
Authors: Suzuki Keisuke , Miyamoto Masayuki , Hirata Koichi 
Published: April 2017

AbstractCompared with younger people, elderly people show age‐related sleep changes, including an advanced sleep phase and decreased slow‐wave sleep, which result in fragmented sleep and early awakening. Multiple etiologies contribute to insomnia in the elderly, consistent with the observation that elderly people are likely to have comorbid conditions and medications. When elderly individuals complain of insomnia, it is important to assess treatable medical conditions and medication use that may be responsible for the insomnia before the use of hypnotics is initiated. Also, screening for primary sleep disorders, such as sleep apnea syndrome, restless legs syndrome and rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder, is essential. We review sleep disorders commonly observed in the elderly and describe their diagnosis and management.
Efficacy of global dimming backlight and high‐contrast liquid crystal panel for high‐dynamic‐range displays
Authors: Choi Mina , Hoffman David M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractUsing an RGB organic light‐emitting diode display to emulate liquid crystal display systems, we examined the efficacy of different global dimming strategies for cinematic content. A global dimming solution with smoothed transitions was preferred over solutions using a static backlight level or the highly aggressive frame‐by‐frame backlight adjustment scheme. We compared two such smoothing approaches, one making use of causal data, and another using future information (which could be available via latency or dynamic metadata) and did observe some opportunities for an improved experience, but found the causal data to be a competitive approach. We also evaluated the importance of native panel contrast and how global dimming compares to local dimming approaches. For most content tested, a global dimming display with a high‐contrast liquid crystal panel was judged as being equivalent or more preferred to a full‐array local dimming display with a low‐contrast panel. These results build on the existing evidence that native panel contrast remains one of the strongest predictors of high‐dynamic‐range image quality even as backlight technologies continue to improve.
Alanine δ15N trophic fractionation in heterotrophic protists
Authors: Décima Moira , Landry Michael R. , Bradley Christina J. , Fogel Marilyn L. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe evaluated differences in the 15N isotopic enrichment factors of trophic amino acids (AA) for protistan (microzooplankton) and metazoan (mesozooplankton) consumers, testing the hypothesis that δ15N of alanine (ala) increases in both consumer types, while glutamic acid (glu) enriches mainly in mesozooplankton. AA δ15N values were measured for dinoflagellate and ciliate grazers and their respective algal prey (Oxyrrhis marina/Dunaliella tertiolecta and Favella sp./Heterocapsa triquetra) in four two‐stage chemostat experiments, including treatments with different nitrogen : phosphorous nutrient ratios and light/dark recycling conditions. Propagation of AA 15N enrichment to a metazoan consumer was also assessed in two‐ and three‐stage chemostat experiments simulating simple “classical” (Calanus pacificus and the diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii) and “multivorous” (C. pacificus, O. marina, and D. tertiolecta) food chains. We found small or negligible 15N‐enrichment of glu for both protistan grazers, while ala enrichment was consistently greater and similar to that in metazoan consumers. Ala and glu δ15N values were both highly elevated in C. pacificus relative to prey, and enrichment was higher with autotrophic diets. These laboratory results suggest that ala may be used as an alternate, accurate isotopic proxy for quantifying protistan contributions to trophic structure in aquatic systems.
Factors controlling the geographical distribution of fluorescent dissolved organic matter in the surface waters of the Pacific Ocean
Authors: Yamashita Youhei , Hashihama Fuminori , Saito Hiroaki , Fukuda Hideki , Ogawa Hiroshi 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDissolved organic matter (DOM) in the epipelagic ocean is produced by marine organisms and consumed by microbes. Thus, the distributional patterns of DOM quantity and quality in surface waters are possibly related to marine ecological provinces. In this study, surface waters collected throughout the Pacific Ocean were used to investigate the geographical distributions of fluorescent DOM (FDOM) quantity and quality. An excitation‐emission matrix and parallel factor analysis revealed two humic‐like and two protein‐like components. The levels of humic‐like components showed clear meridional trends with some zonal variability and were highest and lowest in the northern high‐latitude and the subtropical provinces, respectively. The photochemical reactivity, determined by the ratio of two humic‐like components, was found to be lowest in the subtropical provinces, implying that the major factor controlling the geographical distribution of humic‐like components is the degree of photobleaching. The distributional patterns differed between levels of two protein‐like components, i.e., tryptophan‐like and tyrosine‐like. The ratio of tyrosine‐like to tryptophan‐like components was established as a possible indicator of microbial degradability, and the highest ratio occurred in subtropical provinces. A negative correlation was found between this ratio and the chlorophyll a concentration. Such geographical distributions of protein‐like components imply that relatively recalcitrant protein‐like components are distributed uniformly throughout the surface waters, but substantial contributions of reactive fractions occur in regions characterized by high biological production. Cluster analysis with the FDOM composition clarified that the diagenetic states of DOM were similar and variable in the northern high‐latitude and the subtropical provinces, respectively.
Propagation of Gabor singularities for Schrödinger equations with quadratic Hamiltonians
Authors: Pravda‐Starov Karel , Rodino Luigi , Wahlberg Patrik 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe study propagation of the Gabor wave front set for a Schrödinger equation with a Hamiltonian that is the Weyl quantization of a quadratic form with nonnegative real part. We point out that the singular space associated with the quadratic form plays a crucial role for the understanding of this propagation. We show that the Gabor singularities of the solution to the equation for positive times are always contained in the singular space, and that they propagate in this set along the flow of the Hamilton vector field associated with the imaginary part of the quadratic form. As an application we obtain for the heat equation a sufficient condition on the Gabor wave front set of the initial datum tempered distribution that implies regularization to Schwartz regularity for positive times.
Photoinduced Iron‐Based Water‐Induced Phase Separable Catalysis (WPSC) ICAR ATRP of Poly(ethylene glycol) Methyl Ether Methacrylate
Authors: Wu Jian , Zhang Bingjie , Zhang Lifen , Cheng Zhenping , Zhu Xiulin 
Published: April 2017

Iron‐mediated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) has gained extensive attention because of the superiority of iron catalysts, such as low toxicity, abundant reserves, and good biocompatibility. Herein, a practical iron catalyst recycling system, photoinduced iron‐based water‐induced phase separable catalysis ATRP with initiators for continuous activator regeneration, at room temperature is developed for the first time. In this polymerization system, the polymerization is conducted in homogenous solvents consisting of p‐xylene and ethanol, using commercially available 5,10,15,20‐tetraphenyl‐21H,23H‐porphine iron(III) chloride as the iron catalyst, ethyl 2‐bromophenylacetate as the ATRP initiator, 2,4,6‐trimethylbenzoyl diphenylphosphine oxide as the photoinitiator, and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate as the model hydrophilic monomer. After polymerization, a certain amount of water is added to induce the phase separation so that the catalyst can be separated and recycled in p‐xylene phase with very low residual metal complexes (<12 ppm) in the resultant polymers even after six times recycle experiments.
image
Magnetic Liquid Silicone Rubber – Revealing Effects and Process Limitations
Authors: Schubert Dirk W. , Werner Siegfried , Heitbrink Alexander 
Published: April 2017

SummaryAn example how to benchmark magnetic composites made of LSR, Liquid Silicone Rubber and magnetic filler for a potential application is given. A characteristic degree of filling was revealed appearing in viscosity, density and magnetic permeability investigations, consistently. A simple model is proposed to describe the magnetic permeability as a function of the degree of filling requiring only one adjustable parameter.
Thiol‐ene Cross‐Linkable Hydrogels as Bioinks for Biofabrication
Authors: Stichler Simone , Bertlein Sarah , Tessmar Jörg , Jüngst Tomasz , Groll Jürgen 
Published: April 2017

SummaryThis article introduces biofabrication and highlights the role of hydrogels in this field of research as materials that combine chemical tunability with cytocompatibility and the suitability for processing with biofabrication technologies. So far, chemical cross‐linking as post‐fabrication step to stabilize the printed structures has mainly been achieved by free radical polymerization of (meth‐)acrylated hydrogel components. We discuss thiol‐ene chemistry as an interesting alternative that is widely used in polymer science, but has so far not been explored much for biofabrication. We then present our development of thiol‐ene cross‐linkable hydrogel‐bioink as alternative to the widely used free radical photopolymerization of methacrylated molecules in biofabrication. Thiol‐ene chemistry allows for rapid gelation after printing with good shape fidelity and high reproducibility under identical printing parameters.
A numerical investigation on the effect of RF coil feed variability on global and local electromagnetic field exposure in human body models at 64 MHz
Authors: Lucano Elena , Liberti Micaela , Lloyd Tom , Apollonio Francesca , Wedan Steve , Kainz Wolfgang , Angelone Leonardo M. 
Published: April 2017

PurposeThis study aims to investigate how the positions of the feeding sources of the transmit radiofrequency (RF) coil, field orientation direction with respect to the patient, and patient dimensions affect the global and local electromagnetic exposure in human body models.MethodsThree RF coil models were implemented, namely a specific two‐source (S2) feed and two multisource feed configurations: generic 32‐source (G32) and hybrid 16‐source (H16). Thirty‐two feeding conditions were studied for the S2, whereas two were studied for the G32 and H16. The study was performed using five human body models. Additionally, for two of the body models, the case of a partially implanted lead was evaluated.ResultsThe results showed an overall variation due to coil feeding conditions of the whole‐body specific absorption rate (SAR) of less than 20%, but deviations up to 98% of the magnitude of the electric field tangential to a possible lead path. For the analysis with the partially implanted lead, a variation of local SAR at the tip of the lead of up to 60% was observed with respect to feed position and field orientation direction.ConclusionThe results of this study suggest that specific information about feed position and field orientation direction must be considered for an accurate evaluation of patient exposure. Magn Reson Med 79:1135–1144, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Engineering of crosslinked polyisothiouronium methylstyrene microparticles of narrow size distribution for antibacterial applications
Authors: Cohen Sarit , Laitman Inna , Lublin Tennebaum Tammy , Natan Michal , Banin Ehud , Margel Shlomo 
Published: April 2017

Isothiouronium salts are well known for their biocidal activity; however, their environmental toxicity is problematic. The current manuscript describes the synthesis of the antibacterial vinylic monomer, isothioronium methylstyrene, as well as its dispersion co‐polymerization with the crosslinking monomer divinylbenzene to form polyisothiouronium methylstyrene (PITMS) micrometer‐sized crosslinked particles of narrow size distribution. The effect of crosslinking monomer, initiator, and stabilizer concentrations on the size and size distribution of the formed microparticles was also elucidated. The incorporation of the isothiouronium salts into microparticles significantly reduces their toxicity. The bactericidal activity of PITMS microspheres of 376 ± 42‐nm diameter was demonstrated against four common bacterial pathogens: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria innocua. The minimum bactericidal concentration of PITMS microparticles needed for total killing was found, and their potent antibacterial activity demonstrates the potential of these particles as new types of antibacterial additives for various industrial and biomedical materials. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exercise interventions for patients with pediatric cancer during inpatient acute care: A systematic review of literature
Authors: Rustler Vanessa , Hagerty Meaghan , Daeggelmann Julia , Marjerrison Stacey , Bloch Wilhelm , Baumann Freerk T. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPhysical inactivity has been shown to exacerbate negative side effects experienced by pediatric patients undergoing cancer therapy. Exercise interventions are being created in response. This review summarizes current exercise intervention data in the inpatient pediatric oncology setting. Two independent reviewers collected literature from three databases, and analyzed data following the PRISMA statement for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses. Ten studies were included, representing 204 patients. Good adherence, positive trends in health status, and no adverse events were noted. Common strategies included individual, supervised, combination training with adaptability to meet fluctuating patient abilities. We recommend that general physical activity programming be offered to pediatric oncology inpatients.