bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Germination and early plant development of ten plant species exposed to titanium dioxide and cerium oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Andersen Christian P. , King George , Plocher Milt , Storm Marjorie , Pokhrel Lok R. , Johnson Mark G. , Rygiewicz Paul T. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract

Ten agronomic plant species were exposed to different concentrations of nano–titanium dioxide (nTiO2) or nano–cerium oxide (nCeO2) (0 μg/mL, 250 μg/mL, 500 μg/mL, and 1000 μg/mL) to examine potential effects on germination and early seedling development. The authors modified a standard test protocol developed for soluble chemicals (OPPTS 850.4200) to determine if such an approach might be useful for screening engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) and whether there were differences in response across a range of commercially important plant species to 2 common metal oxide ENMs. Eight of 10 species responded to nTiO2, and 5 species responded to nCeO2. Overall, it appeared that early root growth may be a more sensitive indicator of potential effects from ENM exposure than germination. The observed effects did not always relate to the exposure concentration, indicating that mass-based concentration may not fully explain the developmental effects of these 2 ENMs. The results suggest that nTiO2 and nCeO2 have different effects on early plant growth of agronomic species, with unknown effects at later stages of the life cycle. In addition, standard germination tests, which are commonly used for toxicity screening of new materials, may not detect the subtle but potentially more important changes associated with early growth and development in terrestrial plants. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2223–2229. Published 2016 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
Laser‐induced capillary leakage for blood biomarker detection and vaccine delivery via the skin
Authors: Wu Jeffrey H. , Li Bo , Wu Mei X. 
Published: January 2016

Circulation system is the center for coordination and communication of all organs in our body. Examination of any change in its analytes or delivery of therapeutic drugs into the system consists of important medical practice in today's medicine. Two recent studies prove that brief illumination of skin with a low powered laser, at wavelengths preferentially absorbed by hemoglobin, increases the amount of circulating biomarkers in the epidermis and upper dermis by more than 1,000‐fold. When probe‐coated microneedle arrays are applied into laser‐treated skin, plasma blood biomarkers can be reliably, accurately, and sufficiently quantified in 15∼30 min assays, with a maximal detection in one hr in a manner independent of penetration depth or a molecular mass of the biomarker. Moreover, the laser treatment permits a high efficient delivery of radiation‐attenuated malarial sporozoites (RAS) into the circulation, leading to robust immunity against malaria infections, whereas similar immunization at sham‐treated skin elicits poor immune responses. Thus this technology can potentially instruct designs of small, portable devices for onsite, in mobile clinics, or at home for point‐of‐care diagnosis and drug/vaccine delivery via the skin.
Laser‐induced capillary leakage (a) to induce extravasation of circualing molecules only (b) or facilitate entry of attenuated malaria sporozoites into the capillary (c). Skin illumination with a laser preferably absorbed by hemoglobin causes dilation of the capillary beneath the skin. The extravasated molecules can be sufficiently measured in the skin or guide sporozoites to enter the vessel.magnified imageLaser‐induced capillary leakage (a) to induce extravasation of circualing molecules only (b) or facilitate entry of attenuated malaria sporozoites into the capillary (c). Skin illumination with a laser preferably absorbed by hemoglobin causes dilation of the capillary beneath the skin. The extravasated molecules can be sufficiently measured in the skin or guide sporozoites to enter the vessel.
Diagnostic quality assessment of compressed sensing accelerated magnetic resonance neuroimaging
Authors: Kayvanrad Mohammad , Lin Amy , Joshi Rohit , Chiu Jack , Peters Terry 
Published: January 2016

PurposeTo determine the efficacy of compressed sensing (CS) reconstructions for specific clinical magnetic resonance neuroimaging applications beyond more conventional acceleration techniques such as parallel imaging (PI) and low‐resolution acquisitions.Materials and MethodsRaw k‐space data were acquired from five healthy volunteers on a 3T scanner using a 32‐channel head coil using T2‐FLAIR, FIESTA‐C, time of flight (TOF), and spoiled gradient echo (SPGR) sequences. In a series of blinded studies, three radiologists independently evaluated CS, PI (GRAPPA), and low‐resolution images at up to 5× accelerations. Synthetic T2‐FLAIR images with artificial lesions were used to assess diagnostic accuracy for CS reconstructions.ResultsCS reconstructions were of diagnostically acceptable quality at up to 4× acceleration for T2‐FLAIR and FIESTA‐C (average qualitative scores 3.7 and 4.3, respectively, on a 5‐point scale at 4× acceleration), and at up to 3× acceleration for TOF and SPGR (average scores 4.0 and 3.7, respectively, at 3× acceleration). The qualitative scores for CS reconstructions were significantly better than low‐resolution images for T2‐FLAIR, FIESTA‐C, and TOF and significantly better than GRAPPA for TOF and SPGR (Wilcoxon signed rank test, P < 0.05) with no significant difference found otherwise. Diagnostic accuracy was acceptable for both CS and low‐resolution images at up to 3× acceleration (area under the ROC curve 0.97 and 0.96, respectively.)ConclusionMild to moderate accelerations are possible for those sequences by a combined CS and PI reconstruction. Nevertheless, for certain sequences/applications one might mildly reduce the acquisition time by appropriately reducing the imaging resolution rather than the more complicated CS reconstruction. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:433–444.
Spatiotemporal characteristics of extreme rainfall events over the Northwest Himalaya using satellite data
Authors: Bharti Vidhi , Singh Charu , Ettema Janneke , Turkington T. A. R. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTUsing remotely sensed Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) 3B42 version 7 precipitation data, an investigation on extreme rainfall events (EREs) during the monsoon season has been conducted over the Northwest Himalaya (NWH) for the period of 1998–2013. The satellite precipitation data have been validated with gridded rain gauge data prepared by India Meteorological Department (IMD) using standard statistical measures. A strong positive correlation of 0.88 is found between both, supporting the use of 3B42 V7 for the study of rainfall over the region. The EREs have been identified using three indices corresponding to 98th, 99th, and 99.99th percentiles of the rainfall distribution over the region. The 98th and 99th percentile thresholds are suggested to be considered as extreme and very extreme events respectively whereas 99.99th percentile may correspond to the cloudburst events. The parametric t‐test results indicate a significant increasing trend of the frequency of EREs whereas non‐parametric Mann‐Kendall test results yield no significant trend of EREs over the study region. As the sample size is small, therefore the significance of these results may not be ascertained. The elevation exhibits strong inverse relation with frequency and intensity of EREs over the NWH. A strong negative correlation of ∼0.8 and a poor negative correlation of ∼0.48 are obtained between the elevation and frequency of extremes exceeding 98th and 99th percentiles, and frequency of the cloudburst events, respectively. Whereas, elevation shows strong negative correlations of −0.85, −0.84, and −0.81 with rainfall intensities associated with 98th, 99th, and 99.99th percentiles, respectively. The plains and foothills of the NWH region experience the highest frequency of EREs. However, the peaks of the highest frequency of events are also observed at different elevation ranges at state‐level analysis. This study is a contribution to the on‐going research of extreme events over the mountainous terrain including disaster management study.
New magnetostratigraphic and pedostratigraphic investigations of loess deposits in north‐east China and their implications for regional environmental change during the Mid‐Pleistocene climatic transition
Authors: Zeng Lin , Lu Huayu , Yi Shuangwen , Li Yongxiang , Lv Anqi , Zhang Wenchao , Xu Zhiwei , Wu Haifeng , Feng Han , Cui Mengchun 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTLittle is known about the long‐term climatic evolution of north‐eastern (NE) China, because well‐preserved terrestrial paleoenvironmental archives are scarce in this vast region. The extensive loess deposits in the Chifeng region are the thickest and most complete loess–paleosol sequence in NE China, and have significant potential for reconstructing the paleoclimate of the region. Here, we present new high‐resolution magnetostratigraphic results from two loess–paleosol sections in the Chifeng region: the Sanbahuo (SBH) and Toudaojingzi (TDJZ) sections. The results demonstrate that both sections record the Brunhes normal polarity chron and the upper portion of the Matuyama reversed polarity chron. Based on these new results, the base of the TDJZ loess sequence is dated at ca. 1.22 Ma, representing the oldest known loess deposits in NE China. The initiation of loess accumulation in NE China was roughly synchronous with the large expansion of the Eurasian loess belt during the late Early Pleistocene (1.2–0.7 Ma), probably reflecting a widespread intensification of aridity in northern mid‐latitudes. We suggest that global cooling during the Mid‐Pleistocene climatic transition led to increased aridity and more favorable conditions for promoting the availability of silt for entrainment, transport and deposition.
Characteristics of 64 sarcoma patients referred to a sarcoma center after unplanned excision
Authors: Dyrop Heidi Buvarp , Safwat Akmal , Vedsted Peter , Maretty‐Kongstad Katja , Hansen Bjarne Hauge , Jørgensen Peter Holmberg , Baad‐Hansen Thomas , Keller Johnny 
Published: January 2016

Background and MethodsUnplanned excision of sarcoma before referral to specialist centers can affect prognosis and surgical outcome. The diagnostic pathway of these patients is uncertain and needs to be reviewed. We aimed to describe patient and tumor characteristics, initial symptoms, initial and final diagnosis, and explore reasons for unplanned excision in this patient group. From a previous study on 258 sarcoma patients, we identified 64 patients referred after surgery. Medical records were reviewed.ResultsThe majority were soft tissue sarcomas, most often with thoracic location. Leiomyosarcoma was the most frequent final diagnosis, lipoma, and fibroma/dermatofibroma the most frequent initial diagnoses. Fifty percent were superficial small tumors, and 60.9% had not received diagnostic imaging before surgery. Fifty percent were referred from public surgical departments, and 1/3 from private specialists. Twenty‐three patients had initial presence of alarm symptoms registered before surgery, the remaining 2/3 fell outside referral criteria or alarm symptoms were not discovered.ConclusionsPatients referred after unplanned excision often have small superficial tumors and the majority fall outside of defined referral criteria. Referral criteria are not a guarantee for detection of all sarcomas and surgeons should always be aware of the possibility of malignancy when removing a tumor. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;113:235–239. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clinical Heterogeneity in Cerebral Hemiatrophy Syndromes
Authors: Reiter Eva , Heim Beatrice , Scherfler Christoph , Mueller Christoph , Nocker Michael , Ndayisaba Jean‐Pierre , Loescher Wolfgang , Seppi Klaus , Lees Andrew J. , Warner Thomas , Poewe Werner , Wenning Gregor K. , Djamshidian Atbin 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundCerebral hemiatrophy syndromes can present with variable neurological symptoms. In childhood epilepsy, mental retardation and neuropsychiatric disorders are common while in adults movement disorders, such as highly asymmetric parkinsonism or hemidystonia as well as neuropsychiatric problems have been reported.MethodsHere, we present three adult patients with features that expand the clinical spectrum and give an overview of the most common clinical signs associated with this rare condition.ResultsAll three patients had prominent neuropsychiatric symptoms such as mood swings and increased irritability. Furthermore, one patient developed hemichorea which can be a rare presentation of cerebral hemiatrophy.ConclusionsCerebral hemiatrophy syndromes are a heterogeneous group of disorders that may also present with neuropsychiatric symptoms or hemichorea.
Freezing of Swallowing
Authors: Maetzler Walter , Rattay Tim W. , Hobert Markus A. , Synofzik Matthis , Bader Angela , Berg Daniela , Schaeffer Eva , Rommel Natalie , Devos David , Bloem Bastiaan R. , Bender Benjamin 
Published: January 2016

AbstractView Supplementary Video 1BackgroundSwallowing deficits and freezing phenomena represent severe parkinsonian features. Freezing as a symptom occurring during swallowing has not been reported on yet.MethodsWe report on 3 patients with probable PSP‐parkinsonism (PSP‐P) who manifested freezing of swallowing (FOS).ResultsAll 3 patients experienced severe weight loss in recent months. At examination, 1 patient had freezing of gait. Video fluoroscopy showed nonfunctional trembling movements of the tongue and palate during chewing and volitional swallowing, with a 6‐ to 8‐Hz frequency that is typical for freezing episodes during walking and finger tapping. These freezing episodes were accompanied by impaired oral bolus transportation. The pharyngeal phase was not relevantly affected.ConclusionsFOS represents a novel disease feature of PSP‐P. The feature may have fundamental, but potentially treatable, consequences for patients' health and quality of life and may be considered in patients with degenerative parkinsonism who experience severe and unexplained weight loss.
Perfusion of the diep flaps: A systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Lee Kyeong‐Tae , Mun Goo‐Hyun 
Published: January 2016

PurposePerfusion zones of the deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap aid surgeons in estimating approximate tissue territory with reliable perfusion. Since the Hartrampf perfusion zone was developed, it has been modified continuously; however controversies remain regarding whether the recent perfusion models can satisfy current anatomical and clinical evidence. We conducted a comprehensive review of previous studies to synthesize relevant knowledge and critically reappraise current perfusion models.MethodsAll anatomical and clinical studies that investigated perfusion of DIEP flaps were searched, yielding 21 studies suitable for review. A meta‐analysis was conducted when sufficient data were provided.ResultsThe perforators had unpredictable subcutaneous courses and were preferentially directed laterally. The medial and lateral perforators showed different characteristics in terms of branching pattern, orientation, and linking vessels between them. Ex‐vivo perfusion findings suggested that medial perforators favored Hartrampf zone II rather than zone III and perfused the entire abdomen frequently, whereas the lateral perforators favored zone III and their perfusion territories were limited primarily to the hemi‐abdomen. In the meta‐analysis based on the clinical perfusion studies, zone III had significantly higher perfusion than zone II (P = 0.04) and these tendencies remained in both medial and lateral perforator‐based flaps.ConclusionsConsiderable discrepancies were found between findings of ex‐vivo and clinical perfusion studies. A thorough review of existing knowledge based on the perforasome concept explained these discrepancies satisfactorily and revealed unsolved issues of the current perfusion models. Flap perfusion clearly varies widely individually; however, this review will help with surgical planning and decision making. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 38:98–108, 2018.
Using Support Vector Machine (SVM) for Classification of Selectivity of H1N1 Neuraminidase Inhibitors
Authors: Li Yang , Kong Yue , Zhang Mengdi , Yan Aixia , Liu Zhenming 
Published: January 2016

AbstractInhibition of the neuraminidase is one of the most promising strategies for preventing influenza virus spreading. 479 neuraminidase inhibitors are collected for dataset 1 and 208 neuraminidase inhibitors for A/P/8/34 are collected for dataset 2. Using support vector machine (SVM), four computational models were built to predict whether a compound is an active or weakly active inhibitor of neuraminidase. Each compound is represented by MASSC fingerprints and ADRIANA.Code descriptors. The predication accuracies for the test sets of all the models are over 78 %. Model 2B, which is the best model, obtains a prediction accuracy and a Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC) of 89.71 % and 0.81 on test set, respectively. The molecular polarizability, molecular shape, molecular size and hydrogen bonding are related to the activities of neuraminidase inhibitors. The models can be obtained from the authors.
High‐resolution diffusion‐weighted imaging of the breast with multiband 2D radiofrequency pulses and a generalized parallel imaging reconstruction
Authors: Taviani Valentina , Alley Marcus T. , Banerjee Suchandrima , Nishimura Dwight G. , Daniel Bruce L. , Vasanawala Shreyas S. , Hargreaves Brian A. 
Published: January 2016

PurposeTo develop a technique for high‐resolution diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) and to compare it with standard DWI methods.MethodsMultiple in‐plane bands of magnetization were simultaneously excited by identically phase modulating each subpulse of a two‐dimensional (2D) RF pulse. Several excitations with the same multiband pattern progressively shifted in the phase‐encode direction were used to cover the prescribed field of view (FOV). The phase‐encoded FOV was limited to the width of a single band to reduce off‐resonance‐induced distortion and blurring. Parallel imaging (PI) techniques were used to resolve aliasing from the other bands and to combine the different excitations. Following validation in phantoms and healthy volunteers, a preliminary study in breast cancer patients (N=14) was performed to compare the proposed method to conventional DWI with PI and to reduced‐FOV DWI.ResultsThe proposed method gave high‐resolution diffusion‐weighted images with minimal artifacts at the band intersections. Compared to PI alone, higher phase‐encoded FOV‐reduction factors and reduced noise amplification were obtained, which translated to higher resolution images than conventional (non‐multiband) DWI. The same resolution and image quality achievable over targeted regions using existing reduced‐FOV methods was obtained, but the proposed method also enables complete bilateral coverage.ConclusionWe developed an in‐plane multiband technique for high‐resolution DWI and compared its performance with other standard DWI methods. Magn Reson Med 77:209–220, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An energy–momentum consistent method for transient simulations with mixed finite elements developed in the framework of geometrically exact shells
Authors: Betsch Peter , Janz Alexander 
Published: January 2016

SummaryIn this paper, a mixed variational formulation for the development of energy–momentum consistent (EMC) time‐stepping schemes is proposed. The approach accommodates mixed finite elements based on a Hu–Washizu‐type variational formulation in terms of displacements, Green–Lagrangian strains, and conjugated stresses. The proposed discretization in time of the mixed variational formulation under consideration yields an EMC scheme in a natural way. The newly developed methodology is applied to a high‐performance mixed shell finite element. The previously observed robustness of the mixed finite element formulation in equilibrium iterations extends to the transient regime because of the EMC discretization in time. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Associations between omega fatty acid consumption and depressive symptoms among individuals seeking behavioural weight loss treatment
Authors: Luke Anna K. , Evans E. Whitney , Bond Dale S. , Thomas J. Graham 
Published: January 2016

SummaryObjectiveThe typical Western diet is deficient in omega‐3 and high in omega‐6 fatty acids (FAs). These FAs may play a role in depressive symptoms via inflammatory processes, especially in the context of obesity, a pro‐inflammatory state. This study investigated associations between omega‐3 and omega‐6 FA intake and depressive symptoms in adults seeking behavioural weight loss treatment (BWLT).MethodsOne hundred eighty‐eight persons with overweight or obesity (83.50% women, 93.10% White, 55.01 ± 10.09 years old, body mass index 36.02 ± 15.79 kg/m) seeking BWLT completed the Block Food Frequency Questionnaire, which provides estimates of dietary FA intake, daily total energy intake (TEI) and macronutrient composition of the diet. Depressive symptoms were measured via the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Correlation and linear regression estimated associations between depressive symptoms and FAs.ResultsOn average, participants reported consuming 1866.2 ± 665.1 kcals/d, with 38% of TEI from fat and an omega‐6:3 ratio of 9.2 (13.9 g omega‐6 to 1.5 g omega‐3). In univariate models, omega‐6 intake was associated with depressive symptoms (r = .182, p = .012); however, this association was no longer statistically significant after controlling for TEI. Omega‐3 intake was not associated with depressive symptoms.ConclusionThe expected association between omega‐3 and omega‐6 FAs and depressive symptoms was largely unsupported. A robust association between FA intake and depressive symptoms may have been masked by a high level of chronic inflammation in this sample caused by excess weight and overall poor diet. Additional research is needed to determine whether BWLT improves FA intake, and whether associations between FA intake and depressive symptoms are strengthened after successful weight loss and improved diet.
A luminescence assay for natural product inhibitors of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis proteasome
Authors: Gunderwala Amber , Porter John 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIntroductionMycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) causes a large global burden of disease, with a high mortality rate in healthy and immuno‐compromised patients. A number of molecular targets have been identified for treatment of this disease, including the Mtb proteasome. The Mtb proteasome enhances Mtb survival during nitrosative and oxidative stress in the latent, non‐replicative phase. Therefore, Mtb proteasome inhibition could help to combat Mtb infections that do not respond to current therapies.ObjectiveTo develop and validate a novel biochemical assay to assess Mtb proteasome activity in the presence of organic and aqueous plant test extracts.MethodFluorescence (photoluminescence) and luminescence (chemiluminescence) assays were investigated as potential methods to determine the robustness and repeatability for use in screening natural product extracts for Mtb proteasome inhibitors.ResultsThe fluorescence assay, used widely for Mtb proteasome activity assays, was subject to interference due to the natural fluorescence of compounds in many of the extracts; there is little interference with the luminescence approach. As proof of principle, we used the luminescence assay to screen a small set of plant test extracts.ConclusionsLuminescence is the more suitable assay for assay of plant natural product extracts. The sensitivities of the luminescence and fluorescence assays are comparable. A Z′‐factor of 0.58 for the luminescence assay makes it suitable for medium‐to‐high throughput screening efforts. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.