bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
34 Evaluation Experiences from The Healthy & Active Fund​ in Wales
Authors: Kolovou Vasiliki , Kolosowska Anna , Embling Rochelle , Mchugh Niamh , Bradley John , Pilkington Paul 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To explore diverse perspectives of stakeholders involved in the evaluation of community-based projects. Third-sector organisations and public sector bodies based across different regions in Wales, delivered a variety of physical activity and mental well-being interventions, as part of the Healthy and Active Fund programme. Projects designed and completed evaluations of their process and outcomes, and their experiences offer lessons to inform future community-based delivery to under-served populations.

Methods
Semi-structured interviews (N = 14) were completed with project members (N = 15, 12 projects) that had roles in leading, managing or completing aspects of the project-level evaluations. Interviews were analysed according to reflexive thematic analysis and themes were collaboratively developed.

Results
Three major themes were identified across interviews that were relevant to the lessons learnt from the evaluation of community-level projects and delivering to under-served populations: structural level of support, capturing impact, and adapting and learning. All projects were required to use questionnaire-based, self-reported physical activity and mental well-being outcome measures (IPAQ and WEMWBS), while some projects collected additional data through interviews, focus groups and questionnaires. Projects acknowledged the importance of robust evaluation of their activities, but for many organisations and members it was the first time they had planned evaluations of that scope and level of detail. The support provided from the Healthy and Active Fund programme was valuable. Some projects needed closer guidance and problem-solving, despite most projects having sought external evaluation expertise to plan or conduct evaluations of their projects.

Conclusions
This study revealed several barriers and facilitators for engaging under-served populations in monitoring and evaluation, especially in using standard questionnaires. The lessons from these projects can inform future community-based approaches to evaluation and encourage a culture of evaluation and monitoring as standard practice. Such evaluation and monitoring can assist third-sector organisations and public bodies with showcasing their impact and securing ongoing funding.

Support/Funding Source
None. Conducted by Public Health Wales.
165 Higher level of learning – evaluation of the effects of introducing standing desks for part of school children’s lessons
Authors: Matłosz Piotr , Herbert Jarosław , Martinez-Rodriguez Alejandro , Wyszyńska Justyna , Morska Liliya 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose
This is the first study of Polish children in which both the psychological and physiological effects of the use of standing desks in the classroom have been assessed. The study evaluated cognitive skills, posture, body composition, and sleep quality before and after introducing standing desks in school classrooms for four weeks.

Methods
The study involved 54 male students, aged 11 to 13, from a primary school.
The study procedure has three assessment points: the first at the beginning of the school semester in February, the second after four weeks of standard classes, and the third after four weeks of using standing desks for half of each lesson.
The cognitive skills were assessed using the D2 and Stroop tests. Body composition was evaluated using the Tanita 420BC analyzer. Foot static loads were measured with the FreeMed Base tensometric platform. Body posture was evaluated using the Infrared-based 3D body scan Kineod System. Physical activity and sleep were assessed with Actigraphy monitors, specifically the ActiGraph GT3X-BT Monitor.

Results
Significant changes in anthropometric variables and body composition were observed at all three measurement points. No significant differences were observed in body posture, static foot loads, or sleep parameters. After the introduction of standing desks, significantly less light physical activity and more vigorous physical activity were observed. Children had significantly better results on cognitive tests when working at standing desks compared to standard sitting desks.

Conclusions
Changes in physiological parameters observed may be due to normal physiological development in children during ontogenesis. However, improved physical activity and cognitive skills suggest that standing desks could be successfully introduced in the school environment to enhance learning.
114 Prime Time of Life: A multimodal physical activity and health education programme for middle-aged and older adults
Authors: Burke Louise , Myers Caroline 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Prime Time of Life is inclusive of people living with clinical conditions and differing fitness and functional abilities. Health screening was conducted preprogramme, and specific clinical exercise advice and support was provided to participants by Dr Diane Cooper, Clinical Exercise Physiologist. Participants completed two 60-minute multimodal (cardiovascular fitness, strength, balance, flexibility) exercise classes per week and were also encouraged to complete additional classes in their purpose built on-demand exercise library. In all 60-minute exercise classes the exercise instructor demonstrated three different options for each exercise to cater for participants who were working at beginner, intermediate and advanced levels of fitness. Participants appreciated the adaptations and progressions that were available for all exercises as it enabled them to work to their ownability and progress and monitor progress throughout the programme. Each week a 20-minute health education workshop relevant to participants was delivered online via Zoom. The workshop was recorded, edited, and uploaded to YouTube to view on-demand. The link for each video was shared with participants weekly via email to support on-demand learning in addition to any other relevant supporting material such as a training diary.
The Prime Time of Life programme increased participants upper and lower body strength, aerobic fitness and perceptions of physical and mental health (see chapter 3). This was in addition to increased confidence and feelings of positivity around the participants’ own management of healthy functional ageing (see chapter 3). Participants commented that they really enjoyed the Prime Time of Life programme. It increased their awareness on the importance of multimodal exercise for healthy ageing and that they felt empowered to continue training and improve their health in the long term.
Following on from this successful programme a full train the trainer programme has been developed and piloted with 9 Local Sports Partnerships, 20 participants with further plans for upscaling.
106 What health resources do older adults find meaningful for participation in organized sport?
Authors: Ericson Helena , Geidne Susanna , Quennerstedt Mikael 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Physical activity represents one of the most beneficial strategies for people of all ages to retain an overall health. Regardless of the numerous benefits of regular physical activity older adults represent one of the least active groups in society. Although there are groups of older adults that meet the PA recommendations, still there remains a great deal of room for improvement not the least within organised sports.
Current knowledge on sports for older adults often focus on matters of how to avoid physical inactivity and overcome barriers to participation and thus understanding what causes illness rather than what promotes health. Literature also exists on the reasons why older adults drop out of sports and organized physical activities, even though it is sparse. Hence, even if this research is important in terms of understanding inactivity and non-participation, less is known about why old people continue to be physically active.
Against this backdrop, it is essential to investigate older adults who are physically active on a regular basis and what we can learn from them. A reason for targeting already physically active persons is that there is a lot to be learned from people who have the routines and habits needed to be active as an older adult.
The purpose of this project is to explore older adults’ experiences of participation in organized sports. In the project we use a health-promoting perspective focusing on sports clubs as a setting. The research questions that this project address are: What is experienced as meaningful in older adults’ sport participation? and What characterizes older adults’ participation in organized sports?
In the study we will investigate sports for older adults from a health-promoting perspective using an extensive data material of 4 837 older adults over 60 years participating in Swedish sports clubs. The sample included more than 1000 sports clubs with a large variation.
Previous results where the same questionnaires were used concluded that there were differences between what men and women as well as different ages experienced as meaningful in relation to the physical initiatives.
S14-3: The adoption and implementation of a physical activity referral pathway integrated into a major U.S. health system
Authors: Stoutenberg Mark 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Regular physical activity (PA) is highly effective in improving mental, physical, and emotional health; yet, health systems experience challenges integrating PA referral pathways connecting eligible patients to health-enhancing PA resources and programs.

Purpose
To examine the adoption of a clinic-to-community PA referral pathway in primary care clinics in a major U.S. health system and identify provider- and patient-level barriers and facilitators associated with its implementation.

Methods
Exercise is Medicine Greenville® (EIMG®) is a clinic-to-community model that connects primary care patients to a 12-week, evidence-informed, PA program in community PA facilities. Resumption of EIMG® in March 2021 after COVID-19 closures provided a unique opportunity to comprehensively evaluate the PA referral pathway from inception. Referral provision, utilization, and program enrollment were tracked from reopening through September 2022 in twelve primary care clinics. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with providers (informed by the i-PARIHS framework) and referred patients who declined enrollment (informed by the COM-B model). Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and themes identified.

Results
Twenty-six providers completed interviews. Referral barriers included a lack of knowledge about EIMG®, a perceived time-consuming referral process, and placing incomplete referrals. Facilitators included acknowledgment of a high value for PA in healthcare, desire to incorporate EIMG® into patient visits, and the work of the EIMG® nurse navigator. Twenty-eight patients completed interviews. Enrollment barriers included time, financial constraints, inconvenient locations, disruptions due to COVID-19, and suboptimal communication. Facilitators included aligning EIMG® with patients’ health goals, enhanced trust due to provider referral, group-based format of the PA program, and friendly staff.

Conclusions
Improving communication, conducting refresher trainings, simplifying the referral process, and providing more resources (for providers), along with providing more program details, and offering more program times, locations, and financial support (for patients), may increase success of PA referral pathways implemented in primary care settings.

Practical implications
This work identifies modifiable factors that can guide improvements in the adoption and implementation of PA referral models in health settings.

Funding
The Duke Endowment and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
S15-3: Defining Health Promoting Sports coaches: a systematic review
Authors: O'Sullivan Catherine 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Coaches play a key role on the physical, mental, and social well-being of sports participants, and can foster health through sport’s informal educational nature. Nevertheless, sports coaches feel unequipped in regard to health promotion (HP). The objectives of this systematic encompass the identification of coaches' HP skills, as well as barriers and leverages in their acquisition.

Methods
This systematic review is based on PRISMA-P guidelines. The search was run on 6 databases with following keywords: ((“sport* coach*” OR “sport trainer*” OR “sport* volunteer*”) AND (“skill*” OR “training” OR “behavior” OR “behaviour” OR “education”)) AND (“health”). Double blind analyze was used for selection and exclusion criteria were: not focused on grassroots sport coaches’ skills regarding health; no original English peer-review research article.

Results
On the 2485 studies screened, 56 were included. Ten key skills of coaches in HP empowerment including athletes’ management, support health, education, appraisal, motivation, cooperation, prevention, communication, role model and self-management were identified. Numerous barriers, notably related to perceived constraints within their role, the pressure to sustain athletes' engagement in the activity, and their conceptualization of sport, leading to a concentration on performance-oriented practices rather than holistic sport development, such as HP were reported in the analysed studies. However, certain leverages, such as psychological factors, educational background, experiential learning, knowledge base, and adherence to guidelines have been found to support skills acquisition.

Conclusions
Coaches skillset enables them to engage in athletes' health through motivational strategies, climate management, health support, and self-management techniques. Sports organization should therefore consider coaches as a health multiplier based on their support in regard to these skills acquisition.

Funding
A partnership between Santé Publique France, Université de Lorraine and Université Côte d’Azur allowed and supported this work and by the Région Grand Est and Pole Biologie Medecine Santé of the Université de Lorraine.
252 Moving with nature: developing guidelines to promote physical activity in nature for those living with mental health problems
Authors: Sellars Paul , Bennett Alexis , Crone Diane , Mercer Jenny , Clayton Debbie 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Mental illness is strongly associated with physical inactivity. Subsequently those individuals with mental health problems are at an increased risk of premature death due to non-communicable diseases (e.g., cardiovascular diseases and diabetes). Therefore, interventions which aim to improve both the physical and mental health of those with mental health problems are crucial. One such approach is nature-based activities (e.g., ecotherapy). Generally, nature-based interventions are considered an effective, low cost, and complementary intervention, to promote positive health and wellbeing. However, even with nature-based activities becoming more evident in health promotion, particularly through social prescribing, it remains an emergent area which requires further research to better understand the ways in which physical activity in nature can support those with mental health problems. Thus, the current research seeks to develop practical guidelines to support the use of nature-based programs in promoting the physical and mental health of those living with mental health problems.

Methods
To achieve the project aim two objectives are sought, first, a scoping review with a narrative synthesis will be conducted to bring together exist recommendations/applied implications concerning physical activity in nature for enhanced mental health and wellbeing. Next, through a three stage Delphi methodology the existing recommendations/applied implications will be further developed into a set of practical guidelines. Participants in the Delphi will be selected based upon their expertise and knowledge of physical activity in nature, coming from academic and applied practice backgrounds.

Results
The scoping review found 918 results, 55 of which were submitted to full-text screening, with 18 qualifying for the review. Following narrative synthesis, 49 recommendations/applied implications were found and subsequently developed into 10 practical guidelines concerning: person-centred, natural environment, activity type, programme duration, session duration, intensity, social interaction, achievement/learning, environmental responsibility, and target populations. Currently, preparations for the Delphi methodology are ongoing.

Conclusion
Overall, through a scoping review and subsequent narrative synthesis, 10 practical guidelines concerning physical activity in nature for enhanced mental health and wellbeing​ were developed.
Fluctuating selection in a monkeyflower hybrid zone
Authors: Tataru Diana , De Leon Max , Dutton Spencer , Machado Perez Fidel , Rendahl Alexander , Ferris Kathleen G 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
While hybridization was viewed as a hindrance to adaptation and speciation by early evolutionary biologists, recent studies have demonstrated the importance of hybridization in facilitating evolutionary processes. However, it is still not well-known what role spatial and temporal variation in natural selection play in the maintenance of naturally occurring hybrid zones. To identify whether hybridization is adaptive between two closely related monkeyflower species, Mimulus guttatus and Mimulus laciniatus, we performed repeated reciprocal transplants between natural hybrid and pure species’ populations. We planted parental genotypes along with multiple experimental hybrid generations in a dry (2021) and extremely wet (2023) year in the Sierra Nevada, CA. By taking fine-scale environmental measurements, we found that the environment of the hybrid zone is more similar to M. laciniatus’s seasonally dry rocky outcrop habitat than M. guttatus’s moist meadows. In our transplants hybridization does not appear to be maintained by a consistent fitness advantage of hybrids over parental species in hybrid zones, but rather a lack of strong selection against hybrids. We also found higher fitness of the drought-adapted species, M. laciniatus, than M. guttatus in both species’ habitats, as well as phenotypic selection for M. laciniatus-like traits in the hybrid habitat in the dry year of our experiment. These findings suggest that in this system, hybridization might function to introduce drought-adapted traits and genes from M. laciniatus into M. guttatus, specifically in years with limited soil moisture. However, we also find evidence of genetic incompatibilities in second generation hybrids in the wetter year, which may balance a selective advantage of M. laciniatus introgression. Therefore, we find that hybridization in this system is both potentially adaptive and costly, and that the interaction of positive and negative selection likely determines patterns of gene flow between these Mimulus species.
Patterns of skeletal trauma resulting from motor vehicle collisions: a scoping literature review
Authors: Wulff Alexandra , Fernandez Richard G D , Dipnall Joanna F , Blau Soren , Rowbotham Samantha K 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
As a leading cause of fatality, motor vehicle collisions comprise a significant proportion of medico-legal cases worldwide. During death investigations into such events, forensic practitioners may be asked to make inferences about the relationship between traumatic injuries and the circumstances of the collision. These interpretations require a thorough understanding of the hard and soft tissue blunt force trauma that results from vehicle collisions. This scoping literature review aimed to assess what is currently known about skeletal fracture patterns in occupants of fatal motor vehicle collisions and how contextual variables influence those fractures. Upon screening the search results from several databases based on a set of pre-defined inclusion criteria, 133 articles were identified including case reports, case series and large empirical studies. Most studies investigated car occupants, followed by motorcyclists, with very few focusing on heavy vehicle occupants. Fractures patterns observed comprised a high prevalence of rib, lower limb, and skull fractures in motorcyclists and a high frequency of skull, vertebral and rib fractures in car occupants, whilst pectoral girdle fractures were rare in both occupant types. The level of contextual detail about the collision varied between studies, with most failing to consider the influence of occupant and crash-related variables on resulting fractures. Further, there was a strong focus on soft tissue trauma and a lack of differentiation between fractures in deceased adult vehicle occupants and other groups. The minimal fracture data available in these studies provides limited assistance to forensic practitioners interpreting motor vehicle collision trauma. Additional research on fracture patterns in the context of the variables that influence trauma is recommended.
A combining earthquake forecasting model between deep learning and epidemic-type aftershock sequence (ETAS) model
Authors: Zhang Haoyuan , Ke Shuya , Liu Wenqi , Zhang Yongwen 
Published: September 2024

SUMMARY
The scientific process of earthquake forecasting involves estimating the probability and intensity of earthquakes in a specific area within a certain timeframe, based on seismic activity features and observational data. Among the various methodologies, epidemic-type aftershock sequence (ETAS) models, rooted in seismic empirical laws, stand as widely used tools for earthquake forecasting. In this study, we introduce the CL-ETAS model, a novel approach that integrates convolutional long short-term memory (ConvLSTM), a deep learning model, with the ETAS model. Specifically, we leverage the forecasting outputs of ETAS to enhance both the training and forecasting processes within the ConvLSTM framework. Through forecasting tests, our findings illustrate the effectiveness of the CL-ETAS model in capturing the trends observed in earthquake numbers ($M \ge 3$) in Southern California following three main shocks. Overall, our model outperforms both a simple ETAS model and ConvLSTM in this context.
Extrinsic goals benefit capitalism but not well-being. Rethinking the economy’s goal for a healthier future
Authors: Noonan Robert J 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The dramatic rise in non-communicable diseases around the world but notably in high-income countries like the UK is a manifestation of a global economic system—capitalism—that prioritizes wealth over health. A decade ago, the former WHO Director-General, Margaret Chan highlighted how ‘efforts to prevent non-communicable diseases go against the business interests of powerful economic operators’ [United Nations. (2013) Take Action for the Sustainable Development Goals. https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/ (last accessed 16 February 2024)]. While there is a growing literature on how politics and economics influence population health—for better or worse—less attention has been given to exploring how economic systems like capitalism influence people’s psychological well-being. To fill this gap, the following article examines how the continued pursuit of economic growth under capitalism (neoliberal free-market forms especially) impacts well-being through challenging basic psychological needs for security, autonomy, competence and relatedness. In doing so, I hope to shed important light on the sources and possible solutions to our growing health and social problems, and stimulate a conversation on how to achieve a healthier future for us all.