bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occupational hand eczema and/or contact urticaria: factors associated with change of profession or not remaining in the workforce
Authors: Carøe Tanja K. , Ebbehøj Niels E. , Bonde Jens P. , Agner Tove 
Published: October 2017

SummaryBackgroundOccupational hand eczema and/or contact urticaria may have social consequences such as change of profession or not remaining in the workforce.ObjectivesTo identify factors associated with job change in a cohort of participants with recognised occupational hand eczema/contact urticariaMethodsA registry‐based study including 2703 employees with recognised occupational hand eczema/contact urticaria in Denmark in 2010/2011. Four to five years later the participants received a follow‐up questionnaire, comprising questions on current job situation (response rate 58.0%).ResultsAt follow‐up, 51.3% of the participants were no longer in the same profession. 32.5% had changed profession and 18.8% were no longer in employment. Change of profession was associated with young age, positive patch test, low educational level and severity of hand eczema/contact urticaria. With regard to specific professions, cleaning personnel changed profession significantly more often than other workers [71.4% (OR = 2.26)], health care workers significantly less often than other workers [34.0% (OR = 0.36)].ConclusionJob change occurs frequently during the first years after recognition of occupational hand eczema/contact urticaria and more often among patients with positive patch test reactions, with severe hand eczema/contact urticaria. Whether job changes improve the prognosis of occupational hand eczema/contact urticaria remains to be established.
Right ventricular speckle tracking assessment for differentiation of pressure‐ versus volume‐overloaded right ventricle
Authors: Werther Evaldsson Anna , Ingvarsson Annika , Waktare Johan , Smith Gustav J. , Thilén Ulf , Stagmo Martin , Roijer Anders , Rådegran Goran , Meurling Carl 
Published: October 2017

SummaryBackgroundRight ventricular (RV) dysfunction may be caused by either pressure or volume overload. RV function is conventionally assessed with echocardiography using tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), RV fractional area change (RVFAC), tricuspid lateral annular systolic velocity (S′) and RV index of myocardial performance (RIMP). The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether RV global longitudinal strain (RVGLS) and RV‐free wall strain (RV‐free) could add additional information to differentiate these two causes of RV overload.Methods and resultsThe study enrolled 89 patients with an echocardiographic trans‐tricuspid gradient >30 mmHg. Forty‐five patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension or chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (pressure overload) were compared with 44 patients with an atrial septum defect (volume overload). RV size was larger in the volume group (P<0·05). TAPSE and S′ were lower in the pressure group (P<0·05, P<0·01). RVFAC was lower in the pressure group (P<0·001) as well as RVGLS (−12·1 ± 3·3% versus −20·2 ± 3·4%, P<0·001) and RV‐free (−12·9 ± 3·3% versus −19·4 ± 3·4%, P<0·001).ConclusionIn this study, RVGLS and RV‐free could more accurately discriminate RV pressure from volume overload than conventional measures. The reason could be that TAPSE and S′ are unable to differentiate active deformation from passive entrainment caused by the left ventricle. The pressure group had evidence of marked RV hypertrophy despite standard functional parameters (TAPSE and S) within normal range. This would enhance the value of strain to more sensitively detect abnormal function. A cut‐off value of below −16% for RVGLS and RV‐free predicts RV pressure overload with high accuracy.
Human milk cortisol concentration predicts experimentally induced infant fear reactivity: moderation by infant sex
Authors: Nolvi Saara , Uusitupa Henna‐Maria , Bridgett David J. , Pesonen Henri , Aatsinki Anna‐Katariina , Kataja Eeva‐Leena , Korja Riikka , Karlsson Hasse , Karlsson Linnea 
Published: October 2017

AbstractLittle consideration has been given to the possibility of human infant development being shaped via lactocrine programming, and by breast milk cortisol levels specifically. Despite animal models indicating that glucocorticoid (GC) exposure via lactation might modify brain development and behavior, only one study has reported that milk cortisol levels were positively associated with infant negative affectivity, especially fearfulness and sadness—early emerging risk factors for internalizing difficulties such as anxiety. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether human milk cortisol is associated with mother‐reported fearfulness and experimentally induced infant fear reactivity. Mother‐infant dyads (n = 65) enrolled in the FinnBrain Cohort Study participated. Breast milk samples were obtained 2.5 months postpartum, and milk cortisol concentrations were ascertained using validated luminescence immunoassay methodology. Infant fear reactivity was assessed using maternal reports 6 months postpartum and in a laboratory 8 months postpartum. There was a significant interaction between infant sex and milk cortisol such that higher milk cortisol was related to higher infant fear reactivity in a laboratory setting in girls (β = 0.36, p = .04) but not in boys (β = −0.15, p = .40). Milk cortisol was not associated with mother‐reported infant fearfulness. Results suggest that higher human milk cortisol concentrations are associated with elevated experimentally induced fear in infancy. Findings support lactocrine programming, and suggest that mothers may “communicate” vital information about stressful environments via cortisol contained in breast milk, shaping girls' early emotional reactivity.
Online parenting guidelines to prevent adolescent depression and anxiety: Evaluating user characteristics and usefulness
Authors: Yap Marie B. H. , Martin Peter D. , Jorm Anthony F. 
Published: October 2017

AimThe aims of this study were to evaluate user characteristics and the perceived usefulness of a set of online parenting guidelines to prevent adolescent depression and anxiety.MethodsUpon downloading the online guidelines, users were invited to complete a brief demographic survey assessing user characteristics (Survey 1). Consenting respondents were emailed an evaluation survey 1 month later, which assessed perceived usefulness of the guidelines (Survey 2).ResultsOver 22 months, 2631 users completed Survey 1 and 233 completed Survey 2. Most users endorsed the usefulness of the guidelines, and most parent users reported at least a little improvement on their parenting. Users were favourable towards a web‐based parenting program as one way to improve the guidelines.ConclusionsFindings suggest that the online guidelines may be a useful and sustainable universal prevention strategy for parents of adolescents.
Sexuality and sexual health among female youth with borderline personality disorder pathology
Authors: Thompson Katherine N. , Betts Jennifer , Jovev Martina , Nyathi Yolanda , McDougall Emma , Chanen Andrew M. 
Published: October 2017

AimBorderline personality disorder (BPD) is a severe mental disorder that is characterized by unstable relationships, impulsive behaviours and identity disturbance. BPD usually has its onset between puberty and young adulthood and presents disproportionately among females in clinical settings. Taken together, this makes young women with BPD a particularly vulnerable group with regard to healthy psychosexual development. It was hypothesized that female youth with BPD pathology would be more likely to score worse on measures of sexual health and safety, and to show greater uncertainty in sexual identity formation.MethodsFifty 15 to 24 yr‐old females with 3 or more Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM‐IV) BPD criteria were compared with 204 females from a nationally representative sample. Both groups were interviewed using a comprehensive interview for sexual health and relationships. The patient group completed a structured diagnostic interview.ResultsYoung women with borderline personality pathology engaged in sexual relationships at a younger age, with more sexual partners in the previous year, in more casual relationships. They were more likely to practice unsafe sex for their first sexual experience, to be coerced into unwanted sexual activity, to be unclear about their sexual identity or their sexual attraction, and to report worse overall health status.ConclusionsBPD pathology in youth is associated with poor sexual health and safety, and uncertainty in sexual identity formation. These findings support the need for assessment of the sexuality and sexual health of youth with BPD, along with the need for routine screening in sexual health services for BPD features among high‐risk youth.
Discrepancy analysis between crystallized and fluid intelligence tests: a novel method to detect mild cognitive impairment in patients with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis
Authors: Takaiwa A. , Kuwayama N. , Akioka N. , Kashiwazaki D. , Kuroda S. 
Published: October 2017

Background and purposeThe present study was conducted to accurately determine the presence of mild cognitive impairment, which is often difficult to evaluate using only simple tests. Our approach focused on discrepancy analysis of fluid intelligence relative to crystallized intelligence using internationally recognized neuropsychological tests.MethodsOne‐hundred and five patients diagnosed with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis were assessed. The neuropsychological tests included the two subtests (information and picture completion) of Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale‐Revised (WAIS‐R‐two‐subtests): crystallized intelligence tests and the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) (immediate memory, visuospatial/constructional, language, attention, delayed memory and total score) as fluid intelligence tests. Discrepancy analysis was used to assess cognitive impairment. The score for RBANS was subtracted from the score for WAIS‐R‐two‐subtests, and if the score difference was greater than the 5% confidence limit for statistical significance, it was defined as a decline in cognitive function.ResultsThe WAIS‐R‐two‐subsets was within normal limits when compared with the standardized values. However, all RBANS domains showed significant declines. Frequencies of decline in each RBANS domain were as follows: 69 patients (66%) in immediate memory, 26 (25%) in visuospatial/constructional, 54 (51%) in language, 63 (60%) in attention, 54 (51%) in delayed memory and 78 (74%) in the total score. Moreover, 99 patients (94%) showed decline in at least one RBANS domain.ConclusionsCognitive function is only preserved in a few patients with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis. Mild cognitive impairment can be precisely detected by performing the discrepancy analysis between crystallized and fluid intelligence tests.
Movement activity and habitat use ofCarabus ullrichii(Coleoptera: Carabidae): The forest edge as a mating site?
Authors: Růžičková Jana , Veselý Milan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSome carabid species are not restricted to a single habitat only, but use various types of habitats. In these species, relatively little is known about the utilization of occupied habitats and factors affecting their movement within these habitats. In this study, we focus on the movement activity of ubiquitousCarabus ullrichiiduring its reproductive period at the border of two types of habitats, a meadow and a forest. We tracked 21 adult individuals using radio telemetry and recorded in total 1,687 position fixes. Movement activity was associated with the type of habitat and specific environmental conditions such as time of the day and air temperature. Both sexes activated preferably at dusk and during the night, although males were most active at temperatures around 15°C, while females showed no preference for temperature. Males were able to walk as fast as females, but they were more associated with forest edge. We assume that the inner edge of the forest could be used as a mating site and after mating males stay there and wait for new females with which to mate, while fertilized females disperse into the surroundings. They moved further into the closed forest where they were likely looking for oviposition sites and food resources to support reproduction. Exclusively females were recorded to visit the meadow at a greater distance from the forest edge and their movements there were almost always direct.
Automated email answering by text‐pattern matching: Performance and error analysis
Authors: Sneiders Eriks , Sjöbergh Jonas , Alfalahi Alyaa 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAutomated answering of frequent email inquiries can be implemented as a text categorization task with narrow text categories, where all messages in 1 text category have the same answer. Such email categorization should be optimized for high precision and at least acceptable recall. One such high‐precision email categorization method is matching of surface text patterns to incoming email messages. In order to assess the upper performance limits of text‐pattern matching, we conducted extensive tests with almost 10,000 messages. Our results show that automated email answering with precision around 90% and recall 50–75% is feasible. In order to achieve this, however, the system must work with multiword expressions rather than stand‐alone words. Furthermore, we argue that the system has to distinguish the context of an email inquiry from the actual need that created the inquiry—a question, request, or complaint. We have discovered and analysed 12 reasons why text‐pattern matching may fail.
Beyond the natural flow regime? Broadening the hydro‐ecological foundation to meet environmental flows challenges in a non‐stationary world
Authors: Poff N. LeRoy 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

The natural flow regime concept has contributed significantly to environmental flows (e‐flows) science and applications over the last 20 years. Natural flow regimes reflect long‐term, historical patterns of flow variability that have shaped riverine species’ adaptations and continue to shape community and ecosystem structure and function. This scientific perspective, however, carries with it important assumptions about climatic and ecological stationarity in terms of “reference” conditions that provide a basis for comparing success or outcomes of e‐flow interventions.

Non‐stationarity in climate and other environmental conditions (temperature, sediment, nutrients) and in ecological features (non‐native species spread) presents important challenges for environmental flows science. Reliance on the assumption of restoration to reference conditions for either hydrologic or ecological conditions is no longer tenable, and an expanded e‐flows science foundation is needed to meet several challenges facing future e‐flows implementations.

Currently recognised limitations of e‐flows science contribute to the emergence of research frontiers that need further development. These are (1) shifting from static, regime‐based flow metrics to dynamic, time‐varying flow characterisations; (2) expanding the ecological metrics (and space–time scales) used in e‐flows from primary reliance on ecosystem states to include process (population) rates and species traits; (3) incorporating other “non‐flow” environmental features (e.g. temperature, sediment) to guide prioritisation of e‐flows applications with a likelihood of success; and (4) broadening the ecological foundation of e‐flows to incorporate more ecological theory that will contribute to a more predictive science.

The natural flow regime perspective of managing for historical variability will remain important to understand ecological response to hydrologic alterations and to inform e‐flows management. However, under shifting hydro‐climatic and ecological conditions, a new imperative of managing for resilience is emerging, that is, identifying and prescribing e‐flows to sustain robust, persistent and socially valued ecological characteristics in a flexible and adaptive management framework.
Nitrogen and phosphorus dynamics in a large river estimated by an in situ Lagrangian tracking approach
Authors: Kobayashi Yuta , Iwata Tomoya 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Streams and rivers transport and process land‐derived nutrients to coastal ecosystems, but few empirical studies quantify in‐stream processing of nutrients in large rivers due to methodological constraints.

Here we suggest a novel Lagrangian method to estimate the net nutrient dynamics of a large river (sixth‐order Fuji River, discharge 20–48 m3/s) by concurrently tracking a specific water parcel along the river course and measuring the longitudinal profiles of inorganic nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) concentrations.

Our method revealed exceedingly high net nutrient removal rates (Unet) for both NH4 and PO4. Moreover, net release of both NO2 and NO3 were observed, likely from benthic nitrification, indicating the considerable contribution of biotic and abiotic in‐stream processing to fluvial nutrient dynamics in a large river.

In the Fuji River, net uptake velocity (vf‐net) and net uptake length (Snet) were lower and longer, respectively, for NH4 and PO4 than would be expected from high net nutrient removal (Unet), because of the high nutrient concentration and fast water velocity.

The results suggest that in high‐relief mountainous areas, anthropogenic nutrients loaded in large rivers are influential on distant downstream ecosystems despite high nutrient processing rates in river ecosystems.
Ecological controls of mammalian diversification vary with phylogenetic scale
Authors: Machac Antonin , Graham Catherine H. , Storch David 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAimDiversity dynamics remain controversial. Here, we examine these dynamics, together with the ecological factors governing them, across mammalian clades of different ages and sizes, representing different phylogenetic scales. Specifically, we investigate whether the dynamics are bounded or unbounded, biotically or abiotically regulated, stochastic or ecologically deterministic.LocationWorldwide.Time period150 Myr.Major taxa studiedMammals.MethodsIntegrating the newest phylogenetic and distributional data by means of several distinct methods, we study the ecology of mammalian diversification within a predictive framework, inspired by classic theory. Specifically, we evaluate the effects of several classes of factors, including climate, topography, geographical area, rates of climatic‐niche evolution, and regional coexistence between related and unrelated species. Next, we determine whether the relative effects of these factors change systematically across clades representing different phylogenetic scales.ResultsWe find that young clades diversify at approximately constant rates, medium‐sized clades show diversification slowdowns, and large clades are mostly saturated, suggesting that diversification dynamics change as clades grow and accumulate species. We further find that diversification slowdowns intensify with the degree of regional coexistence between related species, presumably because increased competition for regional resources suppresses the diversification process. The richness at which clades eventually saturate depends on climate; clades residing in tropical climates saturate at low richness, implying that niches become progressively densely packed towards the tropics.Main conclusionsThe diversification process is influenced by a variety of ecological factors, whose relative effects change across phylogenetic scales, producing scale‐dependent dynamics. Different segments of the same phylogeny might therefore support seemingly conflicting results (bounded or unbounded, biotically or abiotically regulated, stochastic or ecologically deterministic diversification), which might have contributed to several outstanding controversies in the field. These conflicts can be reconciled, however, when accounting for phylogenetic scale, which might, in turn, produce a more integrated understanding of global diversity dynamics.
Highlights of progress in silage conservation and future perspectives
Authors: Wilkinson J. M. , Rinne M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractHighlights of progress in the production of silage over the past 50 years include the introduction of improved hybrids of maize (Zea mays L.), the forage harvester, the big baler, polyethylene covering for horizontal silos, stretch‐wrap film for bales and novel additives designed to improve the fermentation and aerobic stability of silage. The key biochemical pathways in the silage fermentation have been described together with the effects of microbial and chemical additives on fermentation and aerobic stability during the feed‐out phase. The significance of oxygen and water in silage fermentation has been quantified and efficacy of covering silos has been established, with recent progress in the development of oxygen barrier film. Future perspectives include improving food safety and animal health by increasing the hygienic quality of silage, reducing the environmental impact of silage by decreasing loss of nitrogen to soil and atmosphere, reducing methanogenesis in the rumen and increasing methane yield from silage as biofuel, and the use of silages as feedstocks for multiple end uses in biorefineries.
Dermoscopy in vitiligo: diagnosis and beyond
Authors: Kumar Jha Abhijeet , Sonthalia Sidharth , Lallas Aimilios , Chaudhary R K P 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundVitiligo is essentially a clinical diagnosis, and dermoscopy may aid in noninvasive confirmation of diagnosis by excluding other clinically simulating hypopigmentary conditions. More importantly, dermoscopy is rapidly gaining ground as an important adjunct tool to evaluate disease activity.AimTo study the dermoscopic features of vitiligo and ascertain their correlation with disease activity.MethodsRetrospective analysis of dermoscopy of 60 cases suffering from vitiligo was undertaken. Dermoscopy was performed using Dermlite II hybrid m dermatoscope at 10× magnification in polarized mode, and photographs were captured by Apple iphone 6. Variables assessed in the dermoscopic evaluation included perifollicular changes, perilesional changes, altered pigmentary network, and presence of specific features such as the starburst appearance, comet tail appearance, leukotrichia, telangiectasia, and any new findings.ResultsSixty patients with stable, progressive, or repigmenting vitiligo were retrospectively studied. While perifollicular depigmentation (PFD) was predictive of stable vitiligo, perifollicular pigmentation (PFP) was characteristic of active disease. Starburst appearance, altered pigment network, and comet tail appearance, were also noted, and these were typical of progressive vitiligo. A new dermoscopic feature, the ‘tapioca sago’ appearance (sabudana), was observed in the skin adjacent to the vitiligo lesion only in patients with progressive vitiligo.ConclusionDermoscopy is useful in assessing the stage of evolution and the status of disease activity in vitiligo. The most useful dermoscopic clues are observed in the perifollicular region, since progressive lesions display perifollicular pigmentation and stable/remitting lesions display perifolliclar depigmentation.