bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Homogenous Alloys of Formamidinium Lead Triiodide and Cesium Tin Triiodide for Efficient Ideal‐Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zong Yingxia , Wang Ning , Zhang Lin , Ju Ming‐Gang , Zeng Xiao Cheng , Sun Xiao Wei , Zhou Yuanyuan , Padture Nitin P. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe alloying behavior between FAPbI3 and CsSnI3 perovskites is studied carefully for the first time, which has led to the realization of single‐phase hybrid perovskites of (FAPbI3)1−x(CsSnI3)x (0<x<1) compositions with anomalous bandgaps. (FAPbI3)1−x(CsSnI3)x perovskites exhibit stable, homogenous composition/microstructure at the nanoscale, as confirmed by microscopic characterization. The ideal bandgap of 1.3 eV for single‐junction solar cell operation is achieved in the rationally‐tailored (FAPbI3)0.7(CsSnI3)0.3‐composition perovskite. Solar cells based on this new perovskite show power conversion efficiency up to 14.6 %.
Dynamic viscoelasticity and phenomenological model of electrorheological elastomers
Authors: Ma Ning , Zhang Ziqi , Dong Xufeng , Wang Qi , Niu Chenguang , Han Baoguo 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTElectrorheological elastomers (EREs) present a tunable viscoelasticity with the application of an electric field. For their application, it is necessary to investigate the viscoelasticity of the EREs under various loading conditions and establish an accurate constitutive model. In this study, anisotropic silicone‐rubber‐based EREs with 30 vol % TiO2–urea core–shell particles were prepared under an orientation electric field. We evaluated their viscoelasticities by testing their shear stress–shear strain hysteresis loops under various electric fields, frequencies, and strain amplitudes. On the basis of the experimental data, a nonlinear, revised Bouc–Wen phenomenological model was established, and the parameters in the model were identified. The results indicate that the revised model could accurately describe the viscoelastic properties of the EREs within a low frequency. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45407.
Quasi‐isothermal DSC testing of epoxy adhesives using initial fast heating rates
Authors: Puentes John , Restrepo‐Zapata Nora Catalina , Chaloupka Alexander , Duddleston Lukas J. L. , Rudolph Natalie , Osswald Tim A. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTThree major factors decrease the accuracy of the cure measurement in standard‐isothermal testing using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). First, cure occurs during the heating step. Second, data are lost during the stabilization period between the dynamic and isothermal step. Third, the baseline selection requires a modification to the protocol. An alternative, which is explored in this study, is the use of fast ramps, which decrease the heating time, but this has been avoided due to overshoot that occurs between the dynamic and isothermal step, which is troublesome for systems with autocatalytic kinetics. By mitigating these factors, a quasi‐isothermal protocol was developed. Therefore, more complete cure kinetics were captured with the implementation of fast DSC to decrease the ramp time and through the optimization of furnace parameters to decrease stabilization time and temperature overshoot. The data suggested this quasi‐isothermal analysis more accurately measured the isothermal curing kinetics of a commercial epoxy adhesive at 110, 115, and 120 °C for fast ramps of 175, 350, and 500 K/min compared to the traditional ramp of 5 K/min. The enthalpy spike at the dynamic to isothermal transition remains an issue; however, an empirical shift can be used to compensate for the enthalpy signal lag. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45425.
Preparation, characterization, antibacterial properties, and hemostatic evaluation of ibuprofen‐loaded chitosan/gelatin composite films
Authors: Li Hongbin , Cheng Feng , Gao Shuzhen , Wu Zhonghui , Dong Lulu , Lin Shenghui , Luo Ze , Li Xiaoyu 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTIbuprofen‐loaded chitosan/gelatin (CS/GE) composite films were fabricated in this work. The morphology of the composite film was investigated using scanning electron microscopy. The functional groups of the composite film before and after crosslinking were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Meanwhile, the mechanical properties, antibacterial performance, cytocompatibility, and hemostatic activity of the composite films were investigated. The results show that the amount of CS affected the mechanical properties and liquid uptake capacities of the composite films. The composite film showed better bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus than Escherichia coli. In vitro drug‐release evaluations showed that crosslinking could control the drug‐release rate and period in wound healing. Both types of CS/GE and drug‐loaded CS/GE composite films also showed excellent cytocompatibility in cytotoxicity assays. The hemostatic evaluation indicated that the composite film crosslinked by glutaraldehyde in rabbit livers had a dramatic hemostatic efficacy. Therefore, ibuprofen‐loaded CS/GE composite films are potentially applicable as a wound dressing material. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45441.
Non‐Doped Sky‐Blue OLEDs Based on Simple Structured AIE Emitters with High Efficiencies at Low Driven Voltages
Authors: Islam Amjad , Zhang Dongdong , Peng Ruixiang , Yang Rongjuan , Hong Ling , Song Wei , Wei Qiang , Duan Lian , Ge Ziyi 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBlue organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) are necessary for flat‐panel display technologies and lighting applications. To make more energy‐saving, low‐cost and long‐lasting OLEDs, efficient materials as well as simple structured devices are in high demand. However, a very limited number of blue OLEDs achieving high stability and color purity have been reported. Herein, three new sky‐blue emitters, 1,4,5‐triphenyl‐2‐(4‐(1,2,2‐triphenylvinyl)phenyl)‐1H‐imidazole (TPEI), 1‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐4,5‐diphenyl‐2‐(4‐(1,2,2‐triphenylvinyl)phenyl)‐1H‐imidazole (TPEMeOPhI) and 1‐phenyl‐2,4,5‐tris(4‐(1,2,2‐triphenylvinyl)phenyl)‐1H‐imidazole (3TPEI), with a combination of imidazole and tetraphenylethene groups, have been developed. High photoluminescence quantum yields are obtained for these materials. All derivatives have demonstrated aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) behavior, excellent thermal stability with high decomposition and glass transition temperatures. Non‐doped sky‐blue OLEDs with simple structure have been fabricated employing these materials as emitters and realized high efficiencies of 2.41 % (4.92 cd A−1, 2.70 lm W−1), 2.16 (4.33 cd A−1, 2.59 lm W−1) and 3.13 % (6.97 cd A−1, 4.74 lm W−1) for TPEI, TPEMeOPhI and 3TPEI, with small efficiency roll‐off. These are among excellent results for molecules constructed from the combination of imidazole and TPE reported so far. The high performance of a 3TPEI‐based device shows the promising potential of the combination of imidazole and AIEgen for synthesizing efficient electroluminescent materials for OLED devices.
Zuverlässigkeit schlanker Betonstützen
Authors: Strauss Alfred , Benko Vladimír , Täubling Benjamin , Valašík Adrian , Čuhák Marek 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn diesem Beitrag werden Berechnungen und vergleichende experimentelle Ergebnisse des Stabilitätsverlusts von schlanken Stahlbetonstützen aus einer Versuchsreihe präsentiert. Das primäre Ziel der Arbeit war der Vergleich der Bemessungsmethoden bei der Ermittlung der globalen Zuverlässigkeit schlanker Stahlbetonstützen. Der Schlankheitsgrad der Stützen betrug λ > 90, wobei die untersuchten Stützen nach EN 1992‐1‐1 dimensioniert wurden. Die oben erwähnten experimentellen Untersuchungen dienten zudem als Grundlage für die Bewertung und Kalibrierung der deterministischen und probabilistischen nichtlinearen Modellbildung. Diese probabilistische Modellbildung der Normalkraft‐Momenten (N‐M)‐Beziehung und des Stabilitätsversagens ist eine Grundlage für die Entwicklung eines objektivierten Bemessungsansatzes und der zugehörigen Teilsicherheitsbeiwerte.
An efficient model construction strategy to simulate microalgal lutein photo‐production dynamic process
Authors: del Rio‐Chanona Ehecatl A. , Fiorelli Fabio , Zhang Dongda , Ahmed Nur R. , Jing Keju , Shah Nilay 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTLutein is a high‐value bioproduct synthesized by microalga Desmodesmus sp. It has great potential for the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. However, in order to enhance its productivity and to fulfil its ever‐increasing global market demand, it is vital to construct accurate models capable of simulating the entire behavior of the complicated dynamics of the underlying biosystem. To this aim, in this study two highly robust artificial neural networks (ANNs) are designed for the first time. Contrary to conventional ANNs, these networks model the rate of change of the dynamic system, which makes them highly relevant in practice. Different strategies are incorporated into the current research to guarantee the accuracy of the constructed models, which include determining the optimal network structure through a hyper‐parameter selection framework, generating significant amounts of artificial data sets by embedding random noise of appropriate size, and rescaling model inputs through standardization. Based on experimental verification, the high accuracy and great predictive power of the current models for long‐term dynamic bioprocess simulation in both real‐time and offline frameworks are thoroughly demonstrated. This research, therefore, paves the way to significantly facilitate the future investigation of lutein bioproduction process control and optimization. In addition, the model construction strategy developed in this research has great potential to be directly applied to other bioprocesses. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 2518–2527. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Analytical methodologies for the stereoselective determination of fluoxetine: An overview
Authors: Hancu Gabriel , Cârcu‐Dobrin Melania , Budău Monica , Rusu Aura 
Published: July 2017

AbstractFluoxetine is a widely used antidepressant belonging to the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor class; it is used in the treatment of major depression, obsessive compulsive, premenstrual dysphoric, panic and post‐traumatic stress disorders. Fluoxetine is an optical active pharmaceutical substance, which is used as a racemate in therapy, but stereospecific interactions associated with the serotonin‐reuptake carrier, for both the parent drug and its active metabolite, norfluoxetine, have been described in the literature. Therefore, the stereoselective analysis of fluoxetine and norfluoxetine is important in order to characterize the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile of the analytes. Several chromatographic and electrophoretic methods have been published in the literature for the chiral discrimination of fluoxetine enantiomers from different matrices. The purpose of the current review is to provide a systematic survey of the analytical techniques used for the chiral determination of fluoxetine and norfluoxetine covering a period of ~25 years.
Enzymatic Process Enhances the Flavour Profile and Increases the Proportion of Esters in Citrus Essential Oils
Authors: Zhang Kun , Lin Ying , Diao Zhou‐Jian , Zhang Wei‐Hua , Zheng Sui‐Ping , Liang Shu‐Li , Han Shuang‐Yan 
Published: July 2017

Citrus essential oils (CEOs) are important flavors in the food and confectionary industries. A lipase process was proposed for enhancing the flavor profiles and increasing the proportions of esters in CEOs. The effects of the enzymatic process were explored by detecting the constituents of the CEOs of American sweet orange oil (ASO) and Brazil mandarin oil (BMO) through GC/MS and sensory evaluation by a trained panel, and positive effects were confirmed by both methods. A further eleven kinds of CEOs were treated via the lipase process and increments of 10 – 1170% were achieved in the proportions of esters, which were mostly ethyl esters. Enhancement in fruity odor, especially the top note, was demonstrated by all CEOs after enzymatic processing. All CEOs were tested for antimicrobial activities, and only ASO displayed fairly ideal antimicrobial activities. Meanwhile, modified ASO showed a certain increase in antimicrobial activities. This methodology might be considered a sustainable route for acquiring ‘natural’ essential oils with enhanced flavor profiles and simultaneously enhancing the comprehensive utilization of citrus fruits.
Group 4 Metal Complexes of Phenylene–Salalen Ligands in rac‐Lactide Polymerization Giving High Molecular Weight Stereoblock Poly(lactic acid)
Authors: Stopper Ayellet , Rosen Tomer , Venditto Vincenzo , Goldberg Israel , Kol Moshe 
Published: July 2017

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Moshe Kol at the University of Tel Aviv. The image depicts the synthesis of highly isotactic stereoblock poly(lactic acid) from racemic lactide. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201701007.
Die „Iod‐Probe“ als Alternative zur Fehling‐ und Benedict‐Probe – Eine einfache und gefährdungsfreie Nachweisreaktion auf reduzierende Zucker
Authors: Fleischer Holger 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDer Nachweis reduzierender Zucker mit Kupfer(II)‐Verbindungen – z. B. Fehling‐ und Benedict‐Probe – hat für den Chemieunterricht im Allgemeinen und für Schülerpraktika insbesondere einige Nachteile. Als Alternative bietet sich die „Iod‐Probe“ an, eine für die quantitative Glucoseanalytik bereits etablierte Methode. Mit ihr gelingt ein schneller Nachweis auch kleiner Mengen reduzierender Zucker bei Raumtemperatur durch Entfärbung einer schwach alkalischen Iod‐Stärke‐Lösung. Mit der „Iod‐Probe“ sind Zuckernachweise auch in der Primarstufe möglich und gestattet, da keine Gefahrstoffe eingesetzt werden, was neue Möglichkeiten für den Unterricht eröffnet. Dem Nachweis liegen einige, gekoppelte Gleichgewichtsreaktionen zugrunde. Als oxidierendes Agens wirkt hypoiodige Säure, die sich durch Redoxdisproportionierung aus ‐Iod bildet. Durch die Oxidation werden Aldopyranosen in Aldono‐δ‐lactone bzw. Aldonate umgewandelt. Mit der „Iod‐Probe“ kann auch zwischen Glucose und Fructose unterschieden werden, weil letztere zunächst über Tautomerie‐Gleichgewichte in eine Aldose umgewandelt werden muss und deshalb langsamer reagiert. Die Beschreibung der Reaktion auf der Teilchenebene eignet sich durch eine unterschiedlich ausgeprägte Reduktion ihrer Komplexität gut für eine Binnendifferenzierung im Chemieunterricht der Sekundarstufe II.
Life history constraints explain negative relationship between fish productivity and dissolved organic carbon in lakes
Authors: Craig Nicola , Jones Stuart E. , Weidel Brian C. , Solomon Christopher T. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractResource availability constrains the life history strategies available to organisms and may thereby limit population growth rates and productivity. We used this conceptual framework to explore the mechanisms driving recently reported negative relationships between fish productivity and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in lakes. We studied populations of bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) in a set of lakes withDOCconcentrations ranging from 3 to 24 mg/L; previous work has demonstrated that primary and secondary productivity of food webs is negatively related toDOCconcentration across this gradient. For each population, we quantified individual growth rate, age at maturity, age‐specific fecundity, maximum age, length‐weight and length‐egg size relationships, and other life history characteristics. We observed a strong negative relationship between maximum size andDOCconcentration; for instance, fish reached masses of 150 to 260 g in low‐DOClakes but <120 g in high‐DOClakes. Relationships between fecundity and length, and between egg size and length, were constant across theDOCgradient. Because fish in high‐DOClakes reached smaller sizes but had similar fecundity and egg size at a given size, their total lifetime fecundity was as much as two orders of magnitude lower than fish in low‐DOClakes. HighDOCconcentrations appeared to constrain the range of bluegill life history strategies available; populations in high‐DOClakes always had low initial growth rates and high ages at maturity, whereas populations in low‐DOCshowed higher variability in these traits. This was also the case for the intrinsic rates of natural increase of these populations, which were always low at the high end of theDOCgradient. The potentially lower capacity for fish populations in high‐DOClakes to recover from exploitation has clear implications for the sustainable management of recreational fisheries in the face of considerable spatial heterogeneity and ongoing temporal change in lakeDOCconcentrations.
Land use changes due to energy policy as a determining factor for morphological processes in fluvial systems in São Paulo State, Brazil
Authors: Lupinacci Cenira Maria , da Conceição Fabiano Tomazini , Heck Simon Adriano Luis , Perez Filho Archimedes 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe number of hydroelectric dams used for energy production and the cultivation of sugar cane crops for ethanol production have increased significantly in the southeastern region of Brazil. These land use/land cover changes (LULCC) associated with energy policy can affect landscape changes over a range of temporal and spatial scales. This article focuses on how human–landscape interactions have influenced geomorphological dynamics in the lower course of the Piracicaba River for two different scenarios that represent pre‐dam and post‐dam conditions in 1962 and 2007, respectively, and the expansion of sugar cane crops after 1975. This assessment was performed by mapping land use and geomorphological changes in the study area in the 1962 and 2007 scenarios, in addition to quantifying the sedimentation rates upstream from the Barra Bonita Reservoir using 210Pb. The main land uses identified for the 1962 scenario were pastures, meadows, annual crops and forests. However, the main land use change was the expansion of sugar cane cropland from 4 to 39%. In the 1962 scenario, the lower course of the Piracicaba River had a predominantly meandering pattern, and there were pronounced alluvial plains in the region. In the 2007 scenario, oxbow lakes were not mapped, and the river terraces were reduced in area due to construction of the Barra Bonita Reservoir. The changes in the sedimentation rates indicate an association between the construction of the Barra Bonita Reservoir and the expansion of sugar cane crops. It was therefore not possible to assess the specific influences of each anthropogenic change on the sedimentation processes, reinforcing that the human–landscape systems in São Paulo State associated with energy policy are complex. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modellversuche zur Stabilität von Baumaschinen mit hohem Schwerpunkt
Authors: Zobel Dominik , Milatz Marius , Grabe Jürgen 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn Deutschland kommt es jährlich zu mehreren Umstürzen von Baumaschinen mit hohem Schwerpunkt. Die Ursachen sind meistens menschliches Fehlverhalten, aber auch Baugrundversagen durch Grund‐ oder Böschungsbruch. Dabei könnten angepasste Mess‐, Steuer‐ und Regelungssysteme die Maschinenführer durch Warnungen oder Gegenmaßnahmen unterstützen, bei einem drohenden Umkippvorgang noch rechtzeitig gegenzusteuern. Um dieser Hypothese nachzugehen, ist im Rahmen von ersten Modelluntersuchungen ein mögliches Mess‐, Steuer‐ und Regelungssystem an Modellen aus Lego Mindstorms implementiert und getestet worden.Das untersuchte Modell, das einem Bohrgerät aus dem Spezialtiefbau nachempfunden ist, hat drei Bewegungsmöglichkeiten und kann selbst mit wenigen Sensoren und einem einfachen Mess‐, Steuer‐ und Regelungssystem automatisch gefährliche Situationen erkennen und geeignete Gegenmaßnahmen einleiten. Damit wird die prinzipielle Funktionalität dieser Herangehensweise aufgezeigt, die im nächsten Schritt auf komplexere Systeme übertragen werden kann.
The effects of different spices and fat types on the formation of heterocyclic aromatic amines in barbecued sucuk
Authors: Unal Kubra , Karakaya Mustafa , Oz Fatih 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDSucuk is one of the popular traditional Turkish meat products. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of different spices (clove, 0.2%; cinnamon, 0.5%) and animal fat types (beef fat, tallow, subcutaneous and tail fat) on the formation of heterocyclic aromatic amine (HCA) in barbecued sucuk.RESULTSAlthough 2‐amino‐3‐methyl‐9H‐pyrido[2,3‐b]indole (MeAαC) could not be detected in the any of the samples, 2‐amino‐3‐methylimidazo[4,5‐f]quinoxaline (IQx) (up to 0.54 ng g−1), 2‐amino‐3‐methylimidazo[4,5‐f]quinoline (IQ) (up to 5.96 ng g−1), 2‐amino‐3,8‐dimethylimidazo[4,5‐f]quinoxaline (MeIQx) (up to 0.21 ng g−1), 2‐amino‐3,4‐dimethylimidazo[4,5‐f]quinoline (MeIQ) (up to 0.34 ng g−1), 2‐amino‐3,7,8‐trimethylimidazo[4,5‐f]quinoxaline (7,8‐DiMeIQx) (up to 0.32 ng g−1), 2‐amino‐3,4,8‐trimethylimidazo[4,5‐f]quinoxaline (4,8‐DiMeIQx) (up to 0.19 ng g−1), 2‐amino‐1‐methyl‐6‐phenylimidazo[4,5‐b]pyridine (PhIP) (up to 1.94 ng g−1) and 2‐amino‐9H‐pyrido[2,3‐b]indole (AαC) (up to 0.98 ng g−1) were found in the barbecued sucuk samples.CONCLUSIONThe results of the current study have shown that HCAs could be formed in barbecued sucuk. Total HCA can be affected by adding different fat types; however, adding clove and cinnamon decreased the total HCA content in the subcutaneous fat group of sucuk samples. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
The effect of culture on brand loyalty through brand performance and brand personality
Authors: Unurlu Cigdem , Uca Selda 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to identify the cultural characteristics of tourists who had the experience of accommodation in 5‐star hotels in Istanbul and to determine the effects of these characteristics on personalizing of the hotel brand and the perception of its performance. According to the results of this research, culture directly affects brand personality and brand performance. However, the effect of culture on brand performance is relatively greater. In addition, brand personality and brand performance affect brand loyalty directly, whereas culture does not have a direct effect on brand loyalty.
Polyvinylpyridine‐Grafted Block Copolymers by an Iterative All‐Anionic Polymerization Strategy
Authors: Appold Michael , Rüttiger Christian , Kuttich Björn , Stühn Bernd , Gallei Markus 
Published: July 2017

AbstractFunctional block copolymers are a highly relevant material platform for many potential applications in fields of nanolithography, drug delivery, and separation technologies. Here, poly(2‐vinylpyridine) (P2VP)‐grafted diblock copolymers consisting of polystyrene‐block‐polyisoprene (PS‐b‐PI) backbone are synthesized via an iterative anionicgrafting‐topolymerization strategy. P2VP macro anions having molar masses of 1.1, 3.6, and 9.9 kDa are grafted to PS‐b‐PI block copolymers featuring 37 mol% 1,2‐polyisoprene moieties. Prior to thegrafting‐tostrategy, the PS‐b‐PI is subjected to platinum‐catalyzed hydrosilylation reaction for the introduction of chlorosilane groups. The SiCl moieties are advantageously used for nucleophilic reaction of the P2VP macro anions with PS‐b‐PI yielding grafted block copolymers having a final P2VP volume fraction of 73, 87, and 93 vol%. Micellization of the P2VP‐grafted block copolymers in polar solvents and in water (after protonation of the pyridine moieties) is studied by dynamic light scattering experiments and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). As a focus of this work, the influence on microphase separation in the bulk state is noted to be tremendously influenced by introducing P2VP segments. This is confirmed by TEM measurements and small angle X‐ray scattering experiments, which reveal a good control over morphologies at the nanometer length scale.