bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A REDE URBANA EM GOIÁS: UMA ANÁLISE DO PADRÃO ESPACIAL NA PRIMEIRA DÉCADA DO SÉCULO XXI / THE URBAN NETWORK IN GOIÁS: AN ANALYSIS OF SPATIAL PATTERN IN THE FIRST DECADE OF THIS CENTURY XXI.
Authors: Roscoche Luiz Fernando , Peixoto Angela Maria Martins , Bastos Leila Sobreira 
Published: August 2017

A rede urbana corresponde à articulação de centros urbanos por meio de suas funções. A partir das considerações acerca desse conceito, será discutido neste trabalho o padrão espacial da rede urbana em Goiás, sendo a análise pautada em dados secundários dos estudos das Regiões de Influência das Cidades (REGIC) e demais levantamentos divulgados pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Nesse sentido, o objetivo é compreender a gênese e o desenvolvimento da rede urbana de Goiás, destacando os seus principais elementos constitutivos. Apresenta-se como pressuposto que a presença de duas metrópoles no território goia no – Goiânia e Brasília – fornece uma configuração particular no âmbito nacional, evidenciando a ausência de centros urbanos intermediários (capitais regionais) como resultado da centralidade exercida pelas duas metrópoles.
ESPACIALIZAÇÃO DA RADIAÇÃO SOLAR PARA A REGIÃO SUBMÉDIA DO VALE DO SÃO FRANCISCO / SPATIALIZATION OF SOLAR RADIATION TO THE REGION SUBMEDIA OF THE SÃO FRANCISCO VALLEY .
Authors: Dos Santos Saulo Medrado 
Published: August 2017

O método do balanço hídrico, utilizando variáveis meteorológicas interpoladas a partir de dados da rede estações meteorológicas do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (NMET), pode contribuir para o uso eficiente da água de irrigação na região. Desta forma, este trabalho teve por objetivo espacializar a radiação solar utilizando o método do Inverso da Potência da Distância (IPD) a partir dos dados medidos em 14 estações meteorológicas automáticas em operação na área, um raio de aproximadamente 250 km da cidade de Petrolina-PE. Os valores obtidos da potência do interpolador foram iguais a 2,7, 4,0, 2,7, 2,1 e 2,7 para a época anual, inverno, primavera, verão e outono, respectivamente, com erro relativo médio pequeno e comparável ao erro instrumental.
Q&A: Colin Black: A Passion for Energy Education
Authors: Black Colin 
Published: August 2017

Q&A
Editor’s note: Energy education remains one of the primary responsibilities of the oil and gas industry. SPE’s main educational resource, Energy4me, serves a vital role in preparing students for jobs in the industry as well as in training teachers and conducting workshops at conferences throughout the world. SPE members volunteer countless hours to ensure that programs such as Energy4me are successful. In this interview, Colin Black, managing director of Carjon-NRG Ltd., speaks about his commitment to energy education and the industry’s role in preparing the next generation of engineers.
How did you get involved in energy education?
In 1993, I joined SPE and got involved with the Aberdeen Section Program Committee. I am also a member of the Energy Institute and, in 1998, I was asked to help out at my old school with SPE energy information career evenings promoting the oil and gas industry. This grew to promoting an offshore apprentice program in several schools and supporting Education Day at Offshore Europe since 1999. This then evolved to becoming involved in the industry/education partnership Careers in the Oil, Gas, and Energy Sectors, which I co-chaired. In 2009, we created the SPE Aberdeen Schools Career Guidance Committee, which I also chaired and still actively support.
How did you get involved working in the oil and gas industry?
From about 12 years old I started helping my father refurbishing engines and gearboxes and, at 16, served a 4-year mechanical engineering apprenticeship. My journeyman was the go-to guy for any problems and he mentored me. In 1982, the problem-solving skills I developed were in demand in the North Sea oil and gas industry and I was approached to apply for a job in a sector I knew nothing about. I spent several years in offshore drilling, logging, and well testing including time on the Piper Alpha production platform.
In 1990, I came onshore and managed PetroQuip operations for a highly innovative completions technology company, Petroleum Engineering Services. The company grew between 35% and 40% a year for 10 years and, as operations manager, I attended Robert Gordon University to learn about strategy creation and implementation. PES was sold to Halliburton in 2000 and having gained an SVQ level 5, Post Grad Diploma, MSc in management, and wealth of business experience, I left to use this knowledge to grow other small innovative companies. From there I coinvented several patents and helped developed numerous businesses internationally.
Building Relationships With a Marginalized Community in Iraq
Authors: Wilson Adam 
Published: August 2017

This article, written by Special Publications Editor Adam Wilson, contains highlights of paper SPE 183110, “To the Edge and Back: Building Relationships With a Marginalized Community in Iraq,” by Ilya Bourtman, BP; Hassan Al-Mudhaffar, Christopher Boyd, and Brendhan Skerritt, Rumaila Operating Organization; and Nicholas Abrahams, SPE, Social Risk Strategy, prepared for the 2016 Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference, Abu Dhabi, 7–10 November. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
A consortium of international and national Iraqi oil and gas companies took operatorship of the Qarmat Ali water-treatment plant, which is critical for oil production, in southern Iraq in 2013. Because of community protests, operations shut down for 6 months as the consortium strived to find the best way to work with the community. This paper explores how the consortium achieved success through engagement and by responding to community expectations for social investment while addressing the social effects of operations.
Introduction
The Rumaila oil field in southern Iraq southwest of Basra is the country’s largest producing oil field, accounting for more than 40% of Iraq’s budget revenues. Since 2009, Iraq’s state-owned South Oil Company has engaged an international consortium of oil and gas companies together with the State Oil Marketing Organization of Iraq through a technical service contract to operate and modernize the oil field.
For the Rumaila oil field to continue producing 1.4 million BOPD, the consortium needs to inject more than 2 million BWPD by 2025. In 2013, the consortium began the refurbishment and expansion of the Qarmat Ali industrial water-treatment plant, a critical facility for injecting industrial water into the Rumaila oil field and thereby maintaining production.
From the start, a historically marginalized adjacent community, accustomed to using force to raise concerns, continued to use force to react to construction work at Qarmat Ali. Construction was interrupted frequently by stand-downs, gunfire, rock throwing, violence, and intimidation. After months of strained community relations, construction was shut down for 6 months. With government representatives lacking community support and local security forces providing inadequate protection, management considered abandoning refurbishment and expansion work.
Analytics
To support the information-gathering process and begin the development of a new community-relations plan, the consortium commissioned a nongovernmental organization to gather data on baseline conditions in Qarmat Ali, undertaking 500 household interviews to provide a representative and diverse perspective on the thoughts, opinions, and recommendations of the community.
The AMAR International Charitable Foundation was selected to spearhead a study because of its 20-year legacy of supporting vulnerable populations in southern Iraq and reliance on trained local staff to provide an understanding of the local context and needs of the community.
Singleton Vaginal Breech Delivery at Term: Maternal and Perinatal Outcome
Authors: Wasim Tayyiba , Wasim Ahmad Zunair , Majrooh Muhammad Ashraf 
Published: August 2017

<p><strong>Objectives:</strong><strong> </strong>To determine fetomaternal outcome in patients undergoing planned vaginal breech delivery at term.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong><strong> </strong>It was a descriptive cross sectional study conducted at Lady Aitchison hospital, Lahore for one and a half year from July 2012 to December 2013. All patients presenting with term breech presentation were included. Fetomaternal outcome in terms of successful vaginal delivery, maternal complications of operative delivery, PPH, wound infection and fetal complications of apgar score of less than five minutes, nursery admission, trauma during delivery (bone fracture, intra cranial hemorrhage) and perinatal mortality was studied.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> 375 patients delivered as breech presentation during the study period. Out of 375 patients, 155 patients were selected for vaginal birth. Out of these, 65% had successful vaginal delivery, rest had emergency caesarean section due to fetal distress, cord prolapse dysfunctional labour. 6.4% patients had wound infection and 3.2% had PPH. Booking status was significantly important in patients who had successful vaginal delivery as 80% were booked (p = 0.001). There was no maternal mortality in these patients. Perinatal outcome was good in 87% of patients. 20 fetuses had Apgar score less than 7/min and required nursery admission. Two babies expired due to birth asphyxia and rest were discharged home in satisfactory condition.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong><strong> </strong>Although delivery of breech remains a dilemma, the plan of delivery should be individualized. Proper selection of cases with proper antenatal and intrapartum care can result in successful breech vaginal delivery without compromising feto maternal wellbeing and curtailing the percentage of caesarean being done for this malpresentation.<strong></strong></p>
Use of Social Media Tool “Whatsapp” in Medical Education
Authors: Dar Qudsia Anwar , Ahmad Farooq , Ramzan Muhammad , Khan Sadaf Humayun , Ramzan Khadija , Ahmed Waqar , Kamal Zahid 
Published: August 2017

<p>We are living in an era of technology where smart phones and hence social media has entered into many aspects of our life. Many professions are using social media to improve communication between colleagues. Social media tools are gaining attention in medical education as well.</p><p><strong>Objective:</strong><strong> </strong>To explore the potential of WhatsApp as an instructional strategy for 4<sup>th</sup> Year MBBS students in Ophthalmology.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Methods:</strong><strong> </strong>We made two groups of students on WhatsApp one for males and one for females. Topic of lecture, relevant images of taught topic and MCQs and SEQs were shared in both groups and students were encouraged to ask questions if they had any. After ten lectures the students were asked to give their feedback on our activity of WhatsApp group on an anonymous questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong><strong> </strong>Two hundred and thirty four students, 145 (62.0%) female and 86 (36.8%) males students filled in the anonymous questionnaire. One hundred and eighty nine students (88.77%) were using social media to learn medicine while 45 students (19.23%) were not. Sixty seven students (29.39%) were using both WhatsApp and Facebook, 65 students (28.51%) were using Facebook, 57 students (25%) were using WhatsApp.<strong> </strong>Sixty percent of students were using social media once or more than twice a day. Eighty eight (63.8%) female students and 66 (77.7%) male students ranked this activity as high or above. To the open ended question we got appreciative comments and some suggestion.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong><strong> </strong>WhatsApp is an effective social media tool to motivate, augmentand perhaps improve the learning of undergraduates in addition to traditional teaching.<strong></strong></p>
Wound Complications Due to Obesity in the Patients Undergoing Abdominal Surgery
Authors: Rasool Ammar , Muhammad Yar , Gondal Khalid Masood , Khan Umair Ahmed 
Published: August 2017

<p>Various factors may affect the outcome of patients in perioperative period. Obesity is considered as one of these factors which increases the risk of perioperative complications. The wound complications in obese and non-obese are different.</p><p><strong>Objective:</strong><strong> </strong>The objective of the study was to compare wound complications in obese and non-obese patients undergoing abdominal surgery.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> This comparative study was conducted from 01- 05-2012 to 30-04-2015 on 140 patients in the department of surgery, Mayo Hospital Lahore. All these patients were divided into two groups of 70 patients each. Group A (obese) and B (nonobese) on the basis of body mass index. The patients of age less than 12 years, peritonitis, diabetes mellitus, jaundice, renal failure, coagulation disorder were excluded in both groups. All the patients had open and laparoscopic surgery by the consultant on elective list. The operative and postoperative findings and outcome in term of wound complications like wound infection, dehiscence, seroma, hernia, were noted.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> All the140 patients were divided into group A (obese) and B (non obese) of 70 patients each. The age ranged from 17 to 58 years and males were common (50.8%) than females (49.2%). In group A, body mass index varied from 31.9kg m<sup>-2</sup> to 39.08kg m<sup>-2</sup> and in group B from 19.3kg m<sup>-2</sup> to 23.2kg m<sup>-2</sup>. The complications in group A were wound infection in 18, dehiscence in 5, seroma in 13, and hernia 4 patients. While in group B, the complications were wound infection in 3, seroma in 5, no dehiscence and incisional hernia in one patient. The results showed that early and late wound complications are more in obese patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong><strong> </strong>The wound complications are significantly associated with obesity in patients undergoing abdominal surgery and are more in obese than in non obese patients.</p>
Efficacy and Safety of Carbon Dioxide Ablative Fractional Resurfacing (CO2-AFR) Device in Moderate to Severe Atrophic Acne Scars
Authors: Saeed Wajieha , Rani Zahida , Aslam Shazia 
Published: August 2017

<p>Acne having a prevalence of &gt; 90% in adolescents persisting in adulthood, causes inflammation and scaring. Acne scars cause severe social, psychological and cosmetic problems. There are many remedies available for acne scars with variable results. CO2-AFR laser is a new modality with more effectiveness and low side effect profile.</p><p><strong>Objective:</strong><strong> </strong>To determine the effectiveness and safety of CO2-AFR device in the treatment of moderate to severe atrophic acne scars.</p><p><strong>Study Design:</strong><strong> </strong>Interventional study.</p><p><strong>Place and Duration of Study:</strong><strong> </strong>This study was conducted at Dermatology Department Unit-I, Mayo Hospital Lahore and duration was 1 year, from April 2015 to March 2016.</p><p><strong>Material and Methods:</strong><strong> </strong>The 30 patients of either sex, having moderate to severe atrophic acne scars were enrolled in the study. Pretreatment assessment of acne scars was done by using Goodman &amp; Baron qualitative scarring grading system. Patients were treated at 4 – 5 weeks interval with maximum 5 sessions. Objective assessment for efficacy and side effects was done at each session. Data was collected on a specially designed proforma and statistical analysis carried out by using SPSS version 17.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong><strong> </strong>Significant improvement in acne scars was observed. 14 (46.7%) patients showed good efficacy (50 – 75% reduction), 1 (3.3%) patient came out with excellent efficacy (&gt; 75%) and 14 (46.7%) patients showed fair efficacy (25 – 50% reduction in acne scars). 13.3% patients showed few delayed side effects which resolved with treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong><strong> </strong>CO2-AFR device was proved to be effective and safe in the treatment of moderate to severe atrophic acne scars.</p>
Association of Internet Supported Physical Activity with Academic Performance of Medical Students
Authors: Khan Muhammad Arif , Afzal Saira , Ahmed Zainab , Mishal Mina , Manan Abdul , Cheema Amna , Tasneem Ayesha , Rahbar Muhammad , Mehmood Bakhtawer , Shahid Aneeqa , Sehole Muazah , Bilal Ahmad , Shakil Muhammad Saud 
Published: August 2017

<p>Physical activity is known to decrease stress and improve academic performance (cognitive skills, attitudes and academic scores) in students as it increases the blood flow to the brain thereby increasing oxygenation of the neuronal tissues. This is specially applied in the students of medical universities where higher stress levels are recorded.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the role of internet supported physical activity in academic performance of medical students. The study design is Quasi Experimental Study conducted in a Medical University, Lahore for 6 months.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 100 students (age 18 – 25) were enrolled. Data were collected through pretested questionnaires and analyzed by frequency tables, cross tabulations and paired sample t-tests through SPSS version 16.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After the intervention was carried out, 91% of the students had noticed significant increases in their physical energy levels and stress levels were reduced in 79% of the students. A total of 52% of students lost their weight after the intervention out of which 44% had also claimed a decrease in their stress levels. Academic Performance of students was determined by the following factors; Cognitive skills and attitudes, which further included attention span(an increase of 62% was seen), memory (improvement was seen in 62% of the students) and grasp on concepts (which was increased in 77%), Class room behaviors such as class attendance (increase was seen in 59% of the students) and Academic scores (improvement was not significant (p = .612) and increase was seen only in 43% of students of which 23 were female and 20 were male students). However, the physical activity and academic performance was statistically in significant (p = 0.612).</p><p> </p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The physical activity and academic performance was not found to be significant. In addition, physical activity was found to decrease stress levels and this decrease in stress was positively related to weight loss in these students.</p>
Hysterosonography and Transvaginal Ultrasonography for Detection of Intrauterine Lesions in Women with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding
Authors: Dogar Iqbal Hussain , Masood Mahjabeen , Gautam Mahesh , Tariq Mahjabeen 
Published: August 2017

<p>Abnormal Uterine bleeding (AUB) is one of the frequent complaints of female patients of all ages. AUB is present in 33% of women referred to gynecologists and this increases to 69% in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. About 10 % of postmenopausal bleeding results from endometrial cancer and imaging is the mainstay for its identification. Imaging plays a vital role in differentiating structural lesions like endometrial carcinomas, myomas and polyps which require surgical management from functional disorders requiring medical management. Transvaginal Ultrasonography (TVUS) is the first line imaging modality for AUB after selecting the patients with inconclusive pelvic ultrasonographic results. Hysterosonography (HSG) also plays a pivotal role.</p><p><strong>Objectives</strong><strong>:</strong> To compares between TVUS and HSG in the detection and identification of intrauterine lesions in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding, and comparing the sensitivity and specificity of the respective methods in the detection of such lesions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong> Thisstudy was conducted in Department of Radiology, Mayo Hospital Lahore. Fifty women presented with history of abnormal uterine bleeding were included in this study. Pregnancy was ruled out by transabdominal scan. Transvaginal ultrasound and hysterosonography were performed in all the patients. All the data were coded and analyzed using SPSS version 20.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 50 patients, 10 patients had intramyometrial fibroid, 11 had submucosal fibroid, endometrial polyp was found in 17 patients and 2 patients had thickened endometrium (thickness &gt; 8mm). The sensitivity and specificity of TVUS was found to be 83.2% and 82.7% respectively whereas HSG showed sensitivity and specificity of 95.4% and 91.5% respectively. In the detection of the submucosal fibroid and endometrial polyp, HSG showed highest sensitivity and specificity as compared totransvaginal ultrasound.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both the TVUS and HSG have comparable sensitivity and specificity in the detection of endometrial disease in patients presented with abnormal uterine bleeding however HSG is more sensitive in the detection of polyps.</p>
Effectiveness of Utero-Vaginal Packing in Management of Postpartum Hemorrhage
Authors: Javed Lubna , Munir Shamila Ijaz , Eusaph Amna Zia 
Published: August 2017

<p>A major cause of maternal mortality and morbidity in developing world is postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). Different management options have been in use including use of oxytocins, prostaglandins, surgical exploration of genital tract, ligation or angiographic embolization of uterine/internal iliac arteries and hysterectomy. A simple and effective measure is to control bleeding with uterovaginal packing which is easy and quick to perform and saves the patient need of major surgical procedures.</p><p><strong>Objective:</strong><strong> </strong>To determine effectiveness of uterovaginal packing in control of postpartum hemorrhage, its safety and complications associated with it.</p><p><strong>Place and Duration of Study:</strong><strong> </strong>This study was carried out in Gynae unit 1 of Lady Willingdon Hospital Lahore from January 2014 – June 2015.</p><p><strong>Patients and Methods:</strong><strong> </strong>It was a prospective interventional study. The patients presenting with postpartum hemorrhage after vaginal or abdominal delivery who did not respond to medical management were included in the study. Patients who had PPH due to genital tract trauma were excluded from this study. Frequencies and proportions of complications were calculated along with rate of successful cessation of bleeding. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 11.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong><strong> </strong>99 patients who presented with PPH were included in study.49.5% were between age of 31 – 40 years, 38.4% were between 21– 30 years. 8.1% of patients were P1-2, 52.5% were P3-5 and 39.4% were P6 and above. 76.7% had hemorrhage after vaginal delivery and 23.3% after lower segment caesarean section. Uterineatony was the most common cause of postpartum hemorrhage, seen in 78.78% of cases, 9.09% had placenta previa, 8.08% presented with abruption placenta and 4.04% had coagulopathy. Regarding complications 7 women had to undergo hysterectomy, fever occurred in 14.14%, 8.08% had wound infection and 2 patients died of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC). Procedure was successful in 90.9% of cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Utero-vaginal packing effectively controls postpartum hemorrhage with fewer complications and its role in emergency obstetric scan not be denied.</p>