bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Frontier Fields: Survey Design and Initial Results
Authors: Lotz J. M. , Koekemoer A. , Coe D. , Grogin N. , Capak P. , Mack J. , Anderson J. , Avila R. , Barker E. A. , Borncamp D. , Brammer G. , Durbin M. , Gunning H. , Hilbert B. , Jenkner H. , Khandrika H. , Levay Z. , Lucas R. A. , MacKenty J. , Ogaz S. , Porterfield B. , Reid N. , Robberto M. , Royle P. , Smith L. J. , Storrie-Lombardi L. J. , Sunnquist B. , Surace J. , Taylor D. C. , Williams R. , Bullock J. , Dickinson M. , Finkelstein S. , Natarajan P. , Richard J. , Robertson B. , Tumlinson J. , Zitrin A. , Flanagan K. , Sembach K. , Soifer B. T. , Mountain M. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
What are the faintest distant galaxies we can see with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) now, before the launch of the James Webb Space Telescope? This is the challenge taken up by the Frontier Fields, a Director’s discretionary time campaign with HST and the Spitzer Space Telescope to see deeper into the universe than ever before. The Frontier Fields combines the power of HST and Spitzer with the natural gravitational telescopes of massive high-magnification clusters of galaxies to produce the deepest observations of clusters and their lensed galaxies ever obtained. Six clusters—Abell 2744, MACSJ0416.1-2403, MACSJ0717.5+3745, MACSJ1149.5+2223, Abell S1063, and Abell 370—have been targeted by the HST ACS/WFC and WFC3/IR cameras with coordinated parallel fields for over 840 HST orbits. The parallel fields are the second-deepest observations thus far by HST with 5σ point-source depths of ∼29th ABmag. Galaxies behind the clusters experience typical magnification factors of a few, with small regions magnified by factors of 10–100. Therefore, the Frontier Field cluster HST images achieve intrinsic depths of ∼30–33 mag over very small volumes. Spitzer has obtained over 1000 hr of Director’s discretionary imaging of the Frontier Field cluster and parallels in IRAC 3.6 and 4.5 μm bands to 5σ point-source depths of ∼26.5, 26.0 ABmag. We demonstrate the exceptional sensitivity of the HST Frontier Field images to faint high-redshift galaxies, and review the initial results related to the primary science goals.
The Rotation–activity Correlations in K and M Dwarfs. II. New Constraints on the Dynamo Mechanisms in Late-K and M Dwarfs before and at the Transition to Complete Convection∗
Authors: Houdebine E. R. , Mullan D. J. , Bercu B. , Paletou F. , Gebran M. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
We study the rotation–activity correlations (RACs) in a sample of stars from spectral type dK4 to dM4. We study RACs using chromospheric data and coronal data. We study the Ca ii line surface fluxes-

RACs. We fit the RACs with linear homoscedastic and heteroscedastic regression models. We find that these RACs differ substantially from one spectral sub-type to another. For dM3 and dM4 stars, we find that the RACs cannot be described by a simple model, but instead that there may exist two distinct RAC behaviors for the low-activity and the high-activity stellar sub-samples, respectively. Although these results are preliminary and will need confirmation, the data suggest that these distinct RACs may be associated with different dynamo regimes. We also study

as a function of the Rossby number R
0. We find (i) for dK4 stars,

as a function of R
0 agrees well with previous results for F-G-K stars and (ii) in dK6, dM2, dM3, and dM4 stars, at a given R
0, the values of

lie at a factor of 3, 10, 20, and 90, respectively, below the F-G-K RAC. Our results suggest a significant decrease in the efficiency of the dynamo mechanism(s) as regards chromospheric heating before and at dM3, i.e., before and at the transition to complete convection. We also show that the ratio of coronal heating to chromospheric heating L
X/L
HK increases by a factor of 100 between dK4 and dM4 stars.
A Search for L/T Transition Dwarfs with Pan-STARRS1 and WISE. III. Young L Dwarf Discoveries and Proper Motion Catalogs in Taurus and Scorpius–Centaurus
Authors: Best William M. J. , Liu Michael C. , Magnier Eugene A. , Bowler Brendan P. , Aller Kimberly M. , Zhang Zhoujian , Kotson Michael C. , Burgett W. S. , Chambers K. C. , Draper P. W. , Flewelling H. , Hodapp K. W. , Kaiser N. , Metcalfe N. , Wainscoat R. J. , Waters C. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
We present the discovery of eight young M7–L2 dwarfs in the Taurus star-forming region and the Scorpius–Centaurus OB Association, serendipitously found during a wide-field search for L/T transition dwarfs using Pan-STARRS1 (optical) and WISE (mid-infrared) photometry. We identify PSO J060.3200+25.9644 (near-infrared spectral type L1) and PSO J077.1033+24.3809 (L2) as new members of Taurus based on their vl-g gravity classifications, the consistency of their photometry and proper motions with previously known Taurus objects, and the low probability of contamination by field objects. PSO J077.1033+24.3809 is the coolest substellar member of Taurus found to date. Both Taurus objects are among the lowest-mass free-floating objects ever discovered, with estimated masses ≈6

, and provide further evidence that isolated planetary-mass objects can form as part of normal star formation processes. PSO J060.3200+25.9644 (a.k.a. DANCe J040116.80+255752.2) was previously identified as a likely member of the Pleiades (age

) based on photometry and astrometry, but its vl-g gravity classification and near-infrared photometry imply a much younger age and thus point to Taurus membership. We have also discovered six M7–L1 dwarfs in outlying regions of Scorpius–Centaurus with photometry, proper motions, and low-gravity spectral signatures consistent with membership. These objects have estimated masses ≈15–36

. The M7 dwarf, PSO J237.1470−23.1489, shows excess mid-infrared flux implying the presence of a circumstellar disk. Finally, we present catalogs of Pan-STARRS1 proper motions for low-mass members of Taurus and Upper Scorpius with median precisions of ≈3 mas yr−1, including 67 objects with no previous proper motion and 359 measurements that improve on literature values.
Tidal Distortion of the Envelope of an AGB Star IRS 3 near Sgr A*
Authors: Yusef-Zadeh F. , Wardle M. , Cotton W. , Schödel R. , Royster M. J. , Roberts D. A. , Kunneriath D. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
We present radio and millimeter continuum observations of the Galactic center taken with the Very Large Array (VLA) and ALMA at 44 and 226 GHz, respectively. We detect radio and millimeter emission from IRS 3, lying ∼4.″5 NW of Sgr A*, with a spectrum that is consistent with the photospheric emission from an AGB star at the Galactic center. Millimeter images reveal that the envelope of IRS 3, the brightest and most extended 3.8 μm Galactic center stellar source, consists of two semicircular dust shells facing the direction of Sgr A*. The outer circumstellar shell, at a distance of 1.6 × 104 au, appears to break up into “fingers” of dust directed toward Sgr A*. These features coincide with molecular CS (5–4) emission and a near-IR extinction cloud distributed between IRS 3 and Sgr A*. The NE–SW asymmetric shapes of the IRS 3 shells seen at 3.8 μm and radio are interpreted as structures that are tidally distorted by Sgr A*. Using the kinematics of CS emission and the proper motion of IRS 3, the tidally distorted outflowing material from the envelope after 5000 yr constrains the distance of IRS 3 to ∼0.7 pc in front of or ∼0.5 pc behind Sgr A*. This suggests that the mass loss by stars near Sgr A* can supply a reservoir of molecular material near Sgr A*. We also present dark features in radio continuum images coincident with the envelope of IRS 3. These dusty stars provide examples in which high-resolution radio continuum images can identify dust-enshrouded stellar sources embedded in an ionized medium.
Updated 34-band Photometry for the SINGS/KINGFISH Samples of Nearby Galaxies
Authors: Dale D. A. , Cook D. O. , Roussel H. , Turner J. A. , Armus L. , Bolatto A. D. , Boquien M. , Brown M. J. I. , Calzetti D. , Looze I. De , Galametz M. , Gordon K. D. , Groves B. A. , Jarrett T. H. , Helou G. , Herrera-Camus R. , Hinz J. L. , Hunt L. K. , Kennicutt R. C. , Murphy E. J. , Rest A. , Sandstrom K. M. , Smith J.-D. T. , Tabatabaei F. S. , Wilson C. D. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
We present an update to the ultraviolet-to-radio database of global broadband photometry for the 79 nearby galaxies that comprise the union of the KINGFISH (Key Insights on Nearby Galaxies: A Far-Infrared Survey with Herschel) and SINGS (Spitzer Infrared Nearby Galaxies Survey) samples. The 34-band data set presented here includes contributions from observational work carried out with a variety of facilities including GALEX, SDSS, Pan-STARRS1, NOAO, 2MASS, Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer, Spitzer, Herschel, Planck, JCMT, and the VLA. Improvements of note include recalibrations of previously published SINGS BVR
C
I
C and KINGFISH far-infrared/submillimeter photometry. Similar to previous results in the literature, an excess of submillimeter emission above model predictions is seen primarily for low-metallicity dwarf or irregular galaxies. This 33-band photometric data set for the combined KINGFISH+SINGS sample serves as an important multiwavelength reference for the variety of galaxies observed at low redshift. A thorough analysis of the observed spectral energy distributions is carried out in a companion paper.
Velocity Segregation and Systematic Biases in Velocity Dispersion Estimates with the SPT-GMOS Spectroscopic Survey
Authors: Bayliss Matthew. B. , Zengo Kyle , Ruel Jonathan , Benson Bradford A. , Bleem Lindsey E. , Bocquet Sebastian , Bulbul Esra , Brodwin Mark , Capasso Raffaella , Chiu I-non , McDonald Michael , Rapetti David , Saro Alex , Stalder Brian , Stark Antony A. , Strazzullo Veronica , Stubbs Christopher W. , Zenteno Alfredo 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The velocity distribution of galaxies in clusters is not universal; rather, galaxies are segregated according to their spectral type and relative luminosity. We examine the velocity distributions of different populations of galaxies within 89 Sunyaev Zel’dovich (SZ) selected galaxy clusters spanning

. Our sample is primarily draw from the SPT-GMOS spectroscopic survey, supplemented by additional published spectroscopy, resulting in a final spectroscopic sample of 4148 galaxy spectra—2868 cluster members. The velocity dispersion of star-forming cluster galaxies is 17 ± 4% greater than that of passive cluster galaxies, and the velocity dispersion of bright (

) cluster galaxies is 11 ± 4% lower than the velocity dispersion of our total member population. We find good agreement with simulations regarding the shape of the relationship between the measured velocity dispersion and the fraction of passive versus star-forming galaxies used to measure it, but we find a small offset between this relationship as measured in data and simulations, which suggests that our dispersions are systematically low by as much as 3% relative to simulations. We argue that this offset could be interpreted as a measurement of the effective velocity bias that describes the ratio of our observed velocity dispersions and the intrinsic velocity dispersion of dark matter particles in a published simulation result. Measuring velocity bias in this way suggests that large spectroscopic surveys can improve dispersion-based mass-observable scaling relations for cosmology even in the face of velocity biases, by quantifying and ultimately calibrating them out.
Shining Light on Quantum Gravity with Pulsar–Black hole Binaries
Authors: Estes John , Kavic Michael , Lippert Matthew , Simonetti John H. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Pulsars are some of the most accurate clocks found in nature, while black holes offer a unique arena for the study of quantum gravity. As such, pulsar–black hole (PSR–BH) binaries provide ideal astrophysical systems for detecting the effects of quantum gravity. With the success of aLIGO and the advent of instruments like SKA and eLISA, the prospects for the discovery of such PSR–BH binaries are very promising. We argue that PSR–BH binaries can serve as ready-made testing grounds for proposed resolutions to the black hole information paradox. We propose using timing signals from a pulsar beam passing through the region near a black hole event horizon as a probe of quantum gravitational effects. In particular, we demonstrate that fluctuations of the geometry outside a black hole lead to an increase in the measured root mean square deviation of the arrival times of pulsar pulses traveling near the horizon. This allows for a clear observational test of the nonviolent nonlocality proposal for black hole information escape. For a series of pulses traversing the near-horizon region, this model predicts an rms in pulse arrival times of

for a

black hole,

for a

black hole, and

for Sgr A*. The current precision of pulse time-of-arrival measurements is sufficient to discern these rms fluctuations. This work is intended to motivate observational searches for PSR–BH systems as a means of testing models of quantum gravity.
Very High Excitation Lines of H2 in the Orion Molecular Cloud Outflow
Authors: Geballe T. R. , Burton M. G. , Pike R. E. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Vibration–rotation lines of H2 from highly excited levels approaching the dissociation limit have been detected at a number of locations in the shocked gas of the Orion Molecular Cloud (OMC-1), including in a Herbig–Haro object near the tip of one of the OMC-1 “fingers.” Population diagrams show that, while the excited H2 is almost entirely at a kinetic temperature of ∼1800 K (typical for vibrationally shock-excited H2), as in the previously reported case of Herbig–Haro object HH 7 up to a few percent of the H2 is at a kinetic temperature of ∼5000 K. The location with the largest fraction of hot H2 is the Herbig–Haro object, where the outflowing material is moving at a higher speed than at the other locations. Although theoretical work is required for a better understanding of the 5000 K H2 (including how it cools), its existence and the apparent dependence of its abundance relative to that of the cooler component on the relative velocities of the outflow and the surrounding ambient gas appear broadly consistent with it having recently reformed. The existence of this high-temperature H2 appears to be a common characteristic of shock-excited molecular gas.
L’évidement idéologique du Parti socialiste
Authors: Cos Rafaël 
Published: March 2017

Le sombre bilan du quinquennat de François Hollande ne peut être imputé au seul contexte économique international. Il résulte aussi des recompositions idéologiques du Parti Socialiste depuis la fin de l’ère mitterrandienne et du désinvestissement du travail programmatique par ses responsables. L’absence de corpus doctrinal original, la dépendance croissante aux schémas de l’adversaire et l’intrication croissante des élites partisanes avec le champ du pouvoir économique constituent autant de facteurs qui ont abouti à vider le mot « socialisme » de tout contenu identifiable.
Cooperation of Gastric Mononuclear Phagocytes with Helicobacter pylori during Colonization
Authors: Viladomiu Monica , Bassaganya-Riera Josep , Tubau-Juni Nuria , Kronsteiner Barbara , Leber Andrew , Philipson Casandra W. , Zoccoli-Rodriguez Victoria , Hontecillas Raquel 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Helicobacter pylori, the dominant member of the human gastric microbiota, elicits immunoregulatory responses implicated in protective versus pathological outcomes. To evaluate the role of macrophages during infection, we employed a system with a shifted proinflammatory macrophage phenotype by deleting PPARγ in myeloid cells and found a 5- to 10-fold decrease in gastric bacterial loads. Higher levels of colonization in wild-type mice were associated with increased presence of mononuclear phagocytes and in particular with the accumulation of CD11b+F4/80hiCD64+CX3CR1+ macrophages in the gastric lamina propria. Depletion of phagocytic cells by clodronate liposomes in wild-type mice resulted in a reduction of gastric H. pylori colonization compared with nontreated mice. PPARγ-deficient and macrophage-depleted mice presented decreased IL-10–mediated myeloid and T cell regulatory responses soon after infection. IL-10 neutralization during H. pylori infection led to increased IL-17–mediated responses and increased neutrophil accumulation at the gastric mucosa. In conclusion, we report the induction of IL-10–driven regulatory responses mediated by CD11b+F4/80hiCD64+CX3CR1+ mononuclear phagocytes that contribute to maintaining high levels of H. pylori loads in the stomach by modulating effector T cell responses at the gastric mucosa.
Evaluation of anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic effects of <em>Naravelia zeylanica</em> in streptozotocin- induced diabetic rats
Authors: A Rajakalanithi , P Swasthika , S Sujatha 
Published: March 2017

<p><em>Naravelia zeylanica</em> DC (Ranunculaceae), a woody climber, have been used from ancient times to treat various ailments like rheumatoid arthritis, skin diseases, wound and ulcer. The present study was designed to investigate the anti-hyperglycemic activity of methanolic extract of <em>Naravelia zeylanica</em> (NZYM) using experimental diabetic model. Diabetes was induced in<strong> </strong>wistar rats by a single dose of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg i.p.) (STZ) and treated with NZYM at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg for 45 days. Glibenclamide (5 mg/kg b.w.) was used as standard drug. Blood glucose and body weight were monitored at regular intervals and the levels of serum insulin, lipid and the carbohydrate metabolic enzyme in the liver were measured at the end of the study. Oral administration of NZYM and glibenclamide significantly reduced the blood glucose level (<em>p&lt;0.05</em>), with increased serum insulin and significant alteration in lipid profiles and liver carbohydrate enzymes (<em>p&lt;0.05</em>) after 45 days. Furthermore, the biochemical parameters correlated with the histopathological changes in the pancreas of STZ-induced diabetic rats, which structurally proved the efficacy of NZYM. The findings suggest that NZYM possess anti-hyperglycemic activity and anti-hyperlipidemic properties and restored STZ-induced pancreatic damage in diabetic rats. NZYM might therefore have a beneficial effect in treatment of diabetes mediated through regulation of carbohydrate metabolic enzyme activities. <strong></strong></p>
<em>Tephrosia purpurea</em>: A natural herb/ bliss
Authors: Bhardwaj Richa , Shrivastava Shilpa 
Published: March 2017

<p>Herbal medicine is in demand due to its fewer side effects and more or better curable techniques. The <em>Tephrosia purpurea</em>, claimed to be healing, curing and lower the various diseases according to Indian medicinal history. This genera species is well known for its therapeutic purpose, in this review we are explaining about the T.P most important characteristics which have been reported. This plant due to its good antioxidant and antibacterial property show best medicine against various diseases such as diuretic, cyto-toxicity and diabetics. </p>
Raadsleden in lokale rekenkamers: de gevolgen voor de doorwerking van rekenkameronderzoek
Authors: Koster Paul , Tollenaar Albertjan 
Published: March 2017

Counselors in local audit offices. The effects for the impact of audit investigation
The Dutch minister of Home Affairs, Ronald Plasterk, has resolved to obligate municipalities to set up an independent audit office. Other variants of the audit office function, in which counselors themselves are members of local audit offices or commissions, will be forbidden. The minister’s assumption is that an independent audit office will control the municipal government more effectively. The disappearance of counselors as member of audit offices (or commissions) may have implications for the impact of local audit reports. The supposed effect of the membership of counselors is that there will be better coordination between the local audit office (or commission) and the need for control of the municipality. In addition one might suppose that the presence of counselors in the audit office guarantees that the audit reports will receive enough attention in the municipal council. Both effects concern the impact of local audit investigation. In this article, the authors study the extent to which membership of counselors really contributes to the impact of local audit investigation on the basis of quantitative (a survey amongst secretaries of local audit offices) and qualitative (an explorative case study in a number of Dutch municipalities) research. The results show that the membership of counselors as such does not lead to a greater impact, but that a proper consultation is required between the audit office and the municipal council.
Naschrift bij de zeven levens van de (gemeentelijke) bestuurswetenschappen
Authors: Reussing Rik 
Published: March 2017

Postscript to the seven lives of the (municipal) administrative sciences
The anniversary issue of this magazine (Reussing, 2016/4: 71-101) contained an essay with a short history of the (municipal) administrative sciences. This postscript contains a number of corrections, clarifications and additions to this essay, in chronological order. Examples are the inherently Fabian vision on socialism by one of the pioneers alderman Floor Wibaut, the importance of Jos (not Joop) van der Grinten in the early period (next to the founder of public administration in the Netherlands, Gerrit van Poelje) and the later prime minister Willem Drees as the successor of Herman Nieboer as member of the editorial board in 1921 of the first magazine in the field of ‘Municipal Administration’.
Selected Characteristics of Business Environment in Visegrad Region
Authors: Bruothová Michaela 
Published: March 2017

Business environment is considered to be an important factor that affects the competitiveness of the country or region. The assessment of business environment is subject to analysis realized by many national as well as internationally accepted institutions, whose outputs have usually form of composite indices reflecting the quality of the business environment. The aim of the article is to investigate the relationship between different indices of the quality of business environment on one side and selected macroeconomic indicators and country's credit rating on the other side. The analysis concentrates on the countries of Visegrad four region (V4) – Slovakia, Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland. The following indices are analyzed: Ease of Doing Business created by the World Bank Group , Global Competitiveness Index, Index of Economic Freedom, rating from The World Competitiveness Yearbook and Fragile State Index. We use the real gross domestic product, unemployment rate and inflation rate as the macroeconomic indicators and the results of the country's credit rating evaluated by Moody's, Standard & Poor's and Fitch Ratings. The analysis is based on the country level data for the 2005 – 2014 period derived from the official statistical reports of World Bank, World Economic Forum, Institute for Management Development, The Heritage Foundation, Fund for Peace and Eurostat. The analysis is performed through correlation analysis using Pearson as well as Spearman correlation coefficients. The results of our analysis indicate that relationship between different indices of the quality of business environment and selected macroeconomic indicators or country's credit rating is country specific.