bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discussion of Foreign Ownership and Real Earnings Management: Evidence from Japan
Authors: Kim Yongtae 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT
Guo, Huang, Zhang, and Zhou (2015) examine whether foreign investors encourage or limit real earnings management in Japanese firms. They find that firms with higher foreign ownership engage less in real earnings management than other firms as evidenced by higher abnormal cash flows from operations, lower abnormal production costs, and higher abnormal discretionary expenses. While the results suggest that foreign ownership and real earnings management in Japanese firms are negatively correlated, it remains unclear whether foreign investors improve the corporate governance of firms and thus limit real earnings management or that they are attracted to firms that have better governance and more transparent earnings. One fruitful avenue for future research is to examine whether the negative relation between foreign ownership and financial reporting quality reflects monitoring by foreign investors or selection.
Discussion of The Effects of Financial Reporting on Bank Loan Contracting in Global Markets: Evidence from Mandatory IFRS Adoption
Authors: Lin Steve 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT
This discussion is written for “The Effect of Financial Reporting on Bank Loan Contracting in Global Markets: Evidence from Mandatory IFRS Adoption” by Chen, Chin, Wang, and Yao (2015). I begin with the research question and a brief summary of the main findings of this study and subsequently discuss the strengths and some potential limitations of the study. This study seeks to contribute to the literature by investigating the effect of mandatory IFRS adoption in 18 countries on price and non-price contract terms. The evidence provided in this study suggests that mandatory IFRS adoption increases information asymmetry between firms and loan providers, which leads to trade-offs between contract terms.
Metals in Urine and Diabetes in U.S. Adults
Authors: Menke Andy , Guallar Eliseo , Cowie Catherine C. 
Published: December 2015

Our objective was to evaluate the relationship of urine metals including barium, cadmium, cobalt, cesium, molybdenum, lead, antimony, thallium, tungsten, and uranium with diabetes prevalence. Data were from a cross-sectional study of 9,447 participants of the 1999–2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a representative sample of the U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized population. Metals were measured in a spot urine sample, and diabetes status was determined based on a previous diagnosis or an A1C ≥6.5% (48 mmol/mol). After multivariable adjustment, the odds ratios of diabetes associated with the highest quartile of metal, compared with the lowest quartile, were 0.86 (95% CI 0.66–1.12) for barium (Ptrend = 0.13), 0.74 (0.51–1.09) for cadmium (Ptrend = 0.35), 1.21 (0.85–1.72) for cobalt (Ptrend = 0.59), 1.31 (0.90–1.91) for cesium (Ptrend = 0.29), 1.76 (1.24–2.50) for molybdenum (Ptrend = 0.01), 0.79 (0.56–1.13) for lead (Ptrend = 0.10), 1.72 (1.27–2.33) for antimony (Ptrend &lt; 0.01), 0.76 (0.51–1.13) for thallium (Ptrend = 0.13), 2.18 (1.51–3.15) for tungsten (Ptrend &lt; 0.01), and 1.46 (1.09–1.96) for uranium (Ptrend = 0.02). Higher quartiles of barium, molybdenum, and antimony were associated with greater HOMA of insulin resistance after adjustment. Molybdenum, antimony, tungsten, and uranium were positively associated with diabetes, even at the relatively low levels seen in the U.S. population. Prospective studies should further evaluate metals as risk factors for diabetes.
Induktive Schnellerwärmung von Formplatinen für die Warmumformung im Karosseriebau
Authors: Opitz T. , Vibrans T. 
Published: December 2015

Kurzfassung
Im Zuge immer strikter werdender Regulierungen von einerseits CO2-Emissionen sowie andererseits der Bedeutung von Crash-Sicherheit und Insassenschutz ist die Warmumformung zu einer der bedeutendsten Leichtbautechnologien im Automobilbau geworden. Beschichtete Formplatinen der Güte 22MnB5 werden in langen gasbeheizten Rollenherdöfen auf eine Temperatur oberhalb von 900 °C erwärmt und anschließend in einem gekühlten Werkzeug simultan umgeformt und abgeschreckt. Die zeitintensive Erwärmung mittels Strahlung und Konvektion im Ofen bietet großes Potenzial für die Anwendung von Schnellerwärmungsmethoden wie der induktiven Erwärmung. An einer Versuchsfertigungslinie besteht die Möglichkeit, Formplatinen induktiv zu erwärmen und anschließend bei variablen Ofendauern das Austenitisieren durchzuführen. An somit hergestellten Bauteilen wird der Einfluss der Induktion auf die Material- sowie Schichtentwicklung im Hinblick auf essentielle Weiterverarbeitungskriterien wie Schweißbarkeit und Lackierbarkeit bewertet. Basierend auf den Ergebnissen dieser Untersuchungen kann ein Zeiteinsparpotenzial von 50 % bei vergleichbaren Eigenschaften ermöglicht werden.
DETECTION OF SHARP SYMMETRIC FEATURES IN THE CIRCUMBINARY DISK AROUND AK Sco*
Authors: Janson Markus , Thalmann Christian , Boccaletti Anthony , Maire Anne-Lise , Zurlo Alice , Marzari Francesco , Meyer Michael R. , Carson Joseph C. , Augereau Jean-Charles , Garufi Antonio , Henning Thomas , Desidera Silvano , Asensio-Torres Ruben , Pohl Adriana 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT
The Search for Planets Orbiting Two Stars survey aims to study the formation and distribution of planets in binary systems by detecting and characterizing circumbinary planets and their formation environments through direct imaging. With the SPHERE Extreme Adaptive Optics instrument, a good contrast can be achieved even at small (<300 mas) separations from bright stars, which enables studies of planets and disks in a separation range that was previously inaccessible. Here, we report the discovery of resolved scattered light emission from the circumbinary disk around the well-studied young double star AK Sco, at projected separations in the ∼13–40 AU range. The sharp morphology of the imaged feature is surprising, given the smooth appearance of the disk in its spectral energy distribution. We show that the observed morphology can be represented either as a highly eccentric ring around AK Sco, or as two separate spiral arms in the disk, wound in opposite directions. The relative merits of these interpretations are discussed, as well as whether these features may have been caused by one or several circumbinary planets interacting with the disk.
Two new species of Limbodessus diving beetles from New Guinea - short verbal descriptions flanked by online content (digital photography, μCT scans, drawings and DNA sequence data)
Authors: Balke Michael , Ruthensteiner Bernhard , Warikar Evie , Neven Katja , Hendrich Lars 
Published: December 2015

To date only one species of Limbodessus diving beetles has been reported from the Island of New Guinea, L. compactus (Clark, 1862), which is widerspread in the Australian region.
We describe two new species of microendemic New Guinea Limbodessus and use a compact descriptive format flanked by enriched online content in wiki powered species pages. Limbodessus baliem sp.n. is described from ca. 1,600 m altitude in the Baliem Valley of Papua and Limbodessus alexanderi sp.n. from &gt;3,000 m altitude north of Sugapa, Papua.
Based on our analysis, we also transfer three species from other genera to Limbodessus Guignot, 1939, with the following changes: Limbodessus deflectus (Ordish, 1966), new combination; Limbodessus leveri (J. Balfour-Browne, 1944), new combination; and Limbodessus plicatus (Sharp, 1882), new combination.
De la sociologie appliquée à l’éducation à l’étude des faits sociaux. L’enseignement de sociologie dans les Écoles normales : une homologation scientifique à géométrie variable (1920-1970)
Authors: Guey Emmanuelle 
Published: December 2015

À l’image de la psychopédagogie, l’étude des faits sociaux est une des disciplines hybrides apparues dans le champ de la formation des enseignants du premier degré d’après-guerre. Bien qu’aucune d’elle ne connaîtra de légitimité scientifique universitaire, chacune possède son histoire propre appuyée par une pratique éducative et semble concourir à une volonté de former les enseignants à une culture professionnelle. Notre article cherche à comprendre si l’introduction d’une nouvelle discipline dans le curriculum des normaliens, entendu comme programme d’études (Forquin, 2008), permet ou non de renouveler, voire de « réenchanter », le métier d’instituteur et par là même son identité professionnelle.
Des maîtres de CEG aux PEGC (1961-1986) : identité primaire et/ou secondaire ?
Authors: Bret Dominique 
Published: December 2015

Lors des changements structurels des années 1960-70, a été créé un corps d’enseignants (les maîtres de CEG en 1961 puis les PEGC en 1969) bivalents pour le collège. Ces professeurs, jusqu’à l’arrêt du recrutement en 1987, ont eu une place non négligeable à côté des certifiés et agrégés dans le secondaire. Marqués par le monde primaire à leur origine, ces enseignants ont progressivement délaissé leur identité professionnelle construite sur la polyvalence et la pluridisciplinarité au service d’élèves en difficulté pour une identité disciplinaire mise en jeu face aux élèves des niveaux inférieurs du secondaire. Cette « secondarisation » résulte de leur formation, des modifications des structures et des contenus. Elle s’est surtout opérée sur le terrain, la concurrence avec les certifiés et les agrégés les amenant à orienter leurs pratiques professionnelles vers celles du secondaire.
Diffusion des documents et données environnementales au regard de leur statut juridique
Authors: DUVAL Laurence , Henaff Gaël , MAGNANON Sylvie 
Published: December 2015

La mise à disposition des informations dans un cadre légal n’est pas facile à appréhender du fait de la multiplicité des textes concernant celle-ci. Nous présentons ici le contexte juridique pour un établissement public, avec des exemples concrets qui s’appliquent au Conservatoire botanique national de Brest (CBN de Brest). Nous nous intéressons aux données environnementales. Qu’elles soient massives ou non, les contraintes légales sont les mêmes. Les services publics sont incités de plus en plus fortement à mettre à disposition leurs données sur Internet et ils n’ont pas toujours les moyens d’appréhender à leur juste valeur les obligations et implications juridiques qu’une diffusion massive des données impose. Nous présentons ici avec un cas concret, celui du CBN de Brest, les droits et devoirs d’un établissement public en termes de communication et de diffusion de ses informations quelle qu’en soit la forme : document numériques, données brutes, ...
Concevoir des environnements virtuels éducatifs avec les utilisateurs finaux : Exemple du projet VirtualiTeach
Authors: Loup-Escande Émilie , Jamet Éric , Ragot Martin , Erhel Séverine , Michinov Nicolas , Peltier Clément , Lopez Thomas 
Published: December 2015

La conception d’Environnements Virtuels Éducatifs (EVE) efficaces nécessite l’implication des utilisateurs finaux. Aussi, nous avons mis en place un processus de conception centrée-utilisateur (norme IS0 9241-210) dans le cadre d’un projet visant la conception d’un environnement virtuel favorisant l’apprentissage de concepts scientifiques (projet VirtualiTeach). L’objectif de cet article est de formaliser ce qu’est une conception avec et pour les utilisateurs finaux dans le contexte des EVE visant à favoriser l’apprentissage de concepts scientifiques et d’en identifier les apports. Pour ce faire, nous décrivons les contributions effectives de plusieurs profils d’utilisateurs (par exemple, les enseignants, les élèves) à la compréhension et à la spécification des contextes d’usage, à l’identification des besoins des utilisateurs et aux évaluations de solutions intermédiaires et finales.
Predictive Modeling of Risk Factors and Complications of Cataract Surgery
Authors: Gaskin Gregory L. , Pershing Suzann , Cole Tyler S. , Shah Nigam H. 
Published: December 2015

Purpose Cataract surgery is generally safe; however, severe complications exist. Preexisting conditions are known to predispose patients to intraoperative and postoperative complications. This study quantifies the relationship between aggregated preoperative risk factors and cataract surgery complications, and builds a model predicting outcomes on an individual level, given a constellation of patient characteristics. Methods This study utilized a retrospective cohort of patients age 40 years or older who received cataract surgery. Risk factors, complications, and demographic information were extracted from the Electronic Health Record based on International Classification of Diseases, 9th edition codes, Current Procedural Terminology codes, drug prescription information, and text data mining. We used a bootstrapped least absolute shrinkage and selection operator model to identify highly associated variables. We built random forest classifiers for each complication to create predictive models. Results Our data corroborated existing literature, including the association of intraoperative complications, complex cataract surgery, black race, and/or prior eye surgery with increased risk of any postoperative complications. We also found other, less well-described risk factors, including diabetes mellitus, young age (<60 years), and hyperopia, as risk factors for complex cataract surgery and intraoperative and postoperative complications. Our predictive models outperformed existing published models. Conclusions: The aggregated risk factors and complications described here can guide new avenues of research and provide specific, personalized risk assessment for a patient considering cataract surgery. Furthermore, the predictive capacity of our models can enable risk stratification of patients, which has utility as a teaching tool as well as informing quality/value-based reimbursements.
Diabetic Retinopathy Screening: The First Telemedical Approach in an Italian Hospital
Authors: Invernizzi Alessandro , Bevilacqua Maurizio T. , Cozzi Mariano , Bianchi Carlo , Pagani Alessandro , Cigada Mario , Staurenghi Giovanni 
Published: December 2015

Purpose To assess the feasibility of a telemedical approach for diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening in the Italian population and to evaluate advantages/disadvantages in comparison to standard slit-lamp funduscopic examination (SFE). Methods This 1-year, Italian, single-center, observational study evaluated semiautomatic fundus photography (FP) DR screening, performed during routine type 2 diabetes (T2D) systemic visits and examined remotely. Adults with T2D underwent SFE and 3-field FP. The study was divided into 2 stages (stage 1 validated the screening procedure, stage 2 evaluated the screening impact on the clinical practice). Annual costs of SFE ± FP screening were compared. Patients completed a DR screening questionnaire. Results Of 1,281 T2D patients enrolled, 61% were male (mean age 65.69 ± 12.64 years). In stage 1, 71% and 15% of patients were considered nongradable when FP was performed before (BPD) versus after pupil dilation (APD). The FP specificity was higher with APD vs BPD (79% vs 25%); therefore, FP APD only was used for stage 2. Of 1,281 patients screened using FP APD, 240 (18.7%) had unreadable images; 64.3% did not have DR, and 17.0% were diagnosed with DR. There was a cost saving of €801.25 when screening was performed using FP. Overall, 98% of patients had a positive opinion of FP screening. Conclusions The telemedicine approach provides a convenient, simple test that is well-received by patients and minimizes unnecessary referrals. Telemedicine may also reduce screening costs in our setting.
Opportunistic Detection of Glaucomatous Optic Discs within a Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Service
Authors: Treacy Maxwell P. , O'Neill Evelyn C. , Murphy Melissa , O'Toole Louise , Delaney Yvonne , O'Brien Colm , Connell Paul P. 
Published: December 2015

Purpose To determine the prevalence of glaucoma among patients referred to a glaucoma service with suspicious disc photographs from the diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening program. Methods A clinical audit of all patients attending a single-center DR screening program in the Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, between July 2010 and October 2011 was conducted with a minimum follow-up of 30 months. The DR screening service uses trained technician graders to assess 2-field color retinal photographs for the features of DR. Recently, the service was enhanced so that optic discs are also assessed for signs of glaucoma. Results In the 16-month study period, 3,697 diabetic patients were photographed. Following photograph grading, 91 (2.46%) were judged to require referral for assessment at the glaucoma clinic. Of these, 63 (69.23%) presented for assessment. Thirteen patients (20.63%) were diagnosed with glaucoma, comprising 7 cases of low-tension glaucoma and 6 cases of primary open-angle glaucoma. Thirty-six patients (57.14%) were classified as glaucoma suspects and 14 patients (22.22%) were discharged back to the DR screening program following normal ocular examination. Only 6 (9.52%) of the 63 patients examined had an intraocular pressure greater than 21 mm Hg. Conclusions The assessment of DR screening photographs for signs of glaucomatous optic nerve damage should be considered as part of a strategy to improve glaucoma case detection and to reduce the burden of this disease on society.
Use of an Anatomic Long-Stemmed Component in Femoral Impaction Grafting
Authors: Westerman Richard W. , Timperley Andrew J. 
Published: December 2015

We describe a challenging femoral revision for aseptic loosening in a relatively young and active man. The femur had gross osteolysis, an absent calcar and a cortical diaphyseal defect at the level of the isthmus (Paprosky 3b defect). The cortical defects were repaired and the whole femur then restored with Femoral Impaction Grafting (FIG) using custom-made impaction instruments and an anatomic shaped collarless, polished, tapered femoral component. In the active adult, bone restoring revision techniques such as impaction grafting should be considered to give a realistic prospect of host bone augmentation rather than simply aiming for a distally fixed stem in a patulous femoral canal.
Gene Expression Profiling of Prostate Cancer–Associated Genes Identifies Fibromodulin as Potential Novel Biomarker for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Bettin Alfonso , Reyes Ismael , Reyes Niradiz 
Published: December 2015

Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the gene expression profiles of a set of prostate cancer–associated genes in prostate cancer cell lines, to determine their association with different cancer phenotypes and identify potential novel biomarkers for this disease. Methods Quantitative real-time PCR was used to determine the expression profiles of 21 prostate cancer–associated genes in the human prostate cancer cell lines PC-3 and LNCaP, using the nontumorigenic cell line PWR-1E as control cell line. Genes evaluated were ESM-1, SERPINE2, CLU, BGN, A2M, PENK, FMOD, CD81, DCN, TSPAN8, KBTBD10, F2RL1, TMSB4X, SNCG, CXXC5, FOXQ1, PDPN, SPN, CAV1, CD24 and KLK3. A potential biomarker from this set of genes, the FMOD gene, encoding the small leucine-rich proteoglycan fibromodulin, was selected for further evaluation in clinical samples from patients diagnosed with benign or malignant prostatic disease. Results Several of the evaluated genes showed significantly altered expression in the prostate cancer cell lines, compared with nontumorigenic PWR-1E cells. Further evaluation of FMOD transcript in prostate clinical samples from patients diagnosed with benign or malignant prostatic disease identified a significant difference in the expression levels of this proteoglycan between benign and malignant tissue (p<0.05). Conclusions A number of gene transcripts were differentially expressed by the cell lines assayed. Among them, FMOD was further evaluated in clinical samples and was found to be differentially expressed between benign and prostate cancer tissue. Further validation of FMOD transcript in a larger population is required to ascertain its usefulness as biomarker for prostate cancer.
Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection in Prostate Cancer: Indications, Extent and Tailored Approaches
Authors: Bianchi Lorenzo , Gandaglia Giorgio , Fossati Nicola , Suardi Nazareno , Moschini Marco , Cucchiara Vito , Bianchi Marco , Damiano Rocco , Schiavina Riccardo , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Montorsi Francesco , Briganti Alberto 
Published: December 2015

Purpose The purpose of this study is to review the current literature concerning the indication of pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND), its extent and complications in prostate cancer (PCa) staging, the available tools, and the future perspectives to assess the risk of lymph node invasion (LNI). Methods A literature review was performed using the Medline, Embase, and Web of Science databases. The search strategy included the terms pelvic lymph nodes, PLND, radical prostatectomy, prostate cancer, lymph node invasion, biochemical recurrence, staging, sentinel lymph node dissection, imaging, and molecular markers. Results PLND currently represents the gold standard for nodal staging in PCa patients. Available imaging techniques are characterized by poor accuracy in the prediction of LNI before surgery. On the contrary, an extended PLND (ePLND) would result into proper staging in the majority of the cases. Several models based on pre-operative disease characteristics are available to assess the risk of LNI. Although ePLND is not associated with a substantial risk of severe complications, up to 10% of the men undergoing this procedure experience lymphoceles. Concerns over potential morbidity of ePLND led many authors to investigate the role of sentinel lymph node dissection in order to prevent unnecessary ePLND. Finally, the incorporation of novel biomarkers in currently available tools would improve our ability to identify men who should receive an ePLND. Conclusions Nowadays, the most informative tools predicting LNI in PCa patients consist in pre-operative clinical nomograms. Sentinel lymph node dissection still remains experimental and novel biomarkers are needed to identify patients at a higher risk of LNI.
Climate change denial, freedom of speech and global justice
Authors: Lavik Trygve 
Published: December 2015

In this paper I claim that there are moral reasons for making climate denialism illegal . First I define climate denialism, and then I discuss its impact on society and its reception in the media. I build my philosophical arguments mainly on John Stuart Mill and Thomas M. Scanlon. According to Mill’s utilitarian justification of free speech, even untrue opinions are valuable in society’s pursuit of more truth. Consequently one might think that Mill’s philosophy would justify climate denialists’ right to free speech. A major section of the paper argues against that view. The main arguments are: Climate denialism is not beneficial because its main goal is to produce doubt, and not truth. Climate denialism is not sincerely meant, which is a necessary condition for Mill to accept utterances. Climate denialists bring harm, by blocking necessary action on climate change. Primarily they harm future generations and people in developing countries. Hence the case can be made in terms of global justice: Would future generations and people in developing countries support my claim? I think so, or so I argue. My argument from global justice is built on Scanlon’s distinction between the interests of participants, the interests of audiences, and the interests of bystanders. The climate denialists have participant interests ‘in being able to call something to the attention of a wide audience’. Audience interests consist in ‘having access to expressions that we wish to hear or read, and even in being exposed to some degree to expressions we have not chosen’. Future generations and people in poor countries are bystanders to the climate debate. If the debate postpones necessary actions, it is the bystanders who must pay the price. I argue that bystanders’ costs outweigh participants’ and audiences’ interests, and that this is an argument for a statutory ban on climate denialism.Article first published online: 21 DEC 2015