bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increase in screen-time for children during COVID times and its effects
Authors: Khan S Muhammad Salim , Dkhar Sabira Aalia , Quansar Ruqia , Haq Inaamul 
Published: September 2024

INTRODUCTION:
Children born today see a totally changed world. They are well experienced and exposed to technology. They have a lot of dependencies and needs on the Internet and technology in the form of educational help, recreational, or even entertainment. This kind of predisposition to digital screens has recently increased with lockdown all over the world, leading to many complications in different spheres of health like mental, physical, social, and others.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This was a cross-sectional study. The data collection was done using an online questionnaire, which was pretested in a pilot study and then later was done through Google forms. The parents of children using mobile phones and having access to the Internet were contacted and included in the study population. Statistical analysis was performed by using SPPS version 20.

RESULTS:
Approximately 307 parents participated in the study. Positive association was seen between increase screen time and children having personal device (P = 0.001), with increase of age (P = 0.000), where parents felt that the child was addicted (P = 0.032), with children having impact on physical heath (P = 0.000), maximum screen time allowed without causing health concern (P = 0.000), and preference of online educational app (P = 0.011).

CONCLUSION:
Though the digital medium can be beneficial in many ways, providing access to quality education even during these unclear times, however increased exposure to the screen can be harmful to a child’s health in many ways.
Impact of COVID-19 on essential health services in Bangladesh
Authors: Parveen Sharmin , Nahar Nasreen , Mahbub Md Shahriar , Morshed Kazi Abu Mohammad , Miah Abu Said Juel 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:
The COVID-19 pandemic, one of the greatest public health challenges, has unleashed damage to human health as well as socioeconomic disruptions on an unprecedented scale. The study looked into the experiences of the people seeking essential healthcare services during COVID-19 and the short-term and long-term consequences of the denial of getting these services during the pandemic.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This rapid assessment collected data from 2,483 randomly selected households having an average family size of 4.89 people residing in 16 districts of 8 divisions during the reference period of April 2020 to August 2020.

RESULTS:
A decline of around 10% in the recommended number of antenatal check-ups (4 or more) was observed. Fear of infection, economic fallout, and absence/redeployment of medical staff to pandemic management are the primary reasons many pregnant women avoided seeking necessary healthcare. Only 1 in 5 (21%) of surveyed households received the family planning services that they required. Around a quarter of all newborn children missed the BCG vaccination. More than half (56.3%) of the families with members having chronic diseases opted for self-exclusion from healthcare services. The healthcare cost increased while the average income decreased by a third of the pre-pandemic level. The inability to express problems adequately to a physician was the commonest difficulty faced by the respondents while using telemedicine—a useful tool during a health crisis.

CONCLUSION:
Measures need to be taken based on the assessment to mitigate any potential long-term impact on people surviving the COVID-19 pandemic.
Unraveling the interplay between inflammation and stem cell mobilization or homing: Implications for tissue repair and therapeutics
Authors: Chang Hsin-Hou , Liou Yu-Shan , Sun Der-Shan 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTInflammation and stem cell mobilization or homing play pivotal roles in tissue repair and regeneration. This review explores their intricate interplay, elucidating their collaborative role in maintaining tissue homeostasis and responding to injury or disease. While examining the fundamentals of stem cells, we detail the mechanisms underlying inflammation, including immune cell recruitment and inflammatory mediator release, highlighting their self-renewal and differentiation capabilities. Central to our exploration is the modulation of hematopoietic stem cell behavior by inflammatory cues, driving their mobilization from the bone marrow niche into circulation. Key cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and autophagy, an intracellular catabolic mechanism involved in this process, are discussed alongside their clinical relevance. Furthermore, mesenchymal stem cell homing in response to inflammation contributes to tissue repair processes. In addition, we discuss stem cell resilience in the face of inflammatory challenges. Moreover, we examine the reciprocal influence of stem cells on the inflammatory milieu, shaping immune responses and tissue repair. We underscore the potential of targeting inflammation-induced stem cell mobilization for regenerative therapies through extensive literature analysis and clinical insights. By unraveling the complex interplay between inflammation and stem cells, this review advances our understanding of tissue repair mechanisms and offers promising avenues for clinical translation in regenerative medicine.
An observational study to assess endoscopic and histological effects of radiation treatment-induced acute changes in the upper gastrointestinal mucosa of patients having upper gastrointestinal tract within radiation portal
Authors: Ashraf Muhammad Uwais , Varshney Kartik , Afrose Ruquiya , Akram Mohammad 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:
Radiation-induced injury to the gastrointestinal tract serves as an important factor working against the better utility of this important intervention. Only a few studies have been reported in the literature so far. In the current study, we have studied the effects of radiotherapy (RT) on upper gastrointestinal mucosa and highlighted the incidence of RT-induced gut toxicity.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This was an open-labeled, hospital-based, cross-sectional study. Informed written consent was obtained from the patient. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) was done in the gastroenterology laboratory, department of medicine by the guide using an Olympus CV-150 Video Endoscope. Three upper gastrointestinal (esophageal/gastric/duodenal) mucosal samples were taken through EGD from a patient and were sent for histopathological examination to the department of pathology. Reports were collected and data were analyzed.

RESULTS:
Out of total of 30 patients, 24 (80%) cases had esophagitis, 4 (13.3%) cases had esophageal ulcers, and 1 (3.34%) had esophageal candidiasis. One (3.34%) had esophageal stricture and only two (6.7%) had hiatus hernia. One (3.34%) patient had esophageal mass. Fifteen patients (50%) had pangastritis and 16 (53.3%) had antral gastritis. One (3.34%) patient had evidence of distorted villous architecture and as many as 20 (66.6%) had chronic duodenitis. The most striking feature was intraepithelial dilated and congested vessels with marked acanthosis in 7 (23.33%) cases. Basal cell hyperplasia was seen in 8 (26.67%) cases causing irregular acanthosis of squamous epithelium.

CONCLUSION:
In an Indian population, this is the first reported study to be undertaken to consider these factors in cancer patients to the best of our knowledge. We found notable radiation-induced injury in the upper gastrointestinal tract in the patients undergoing radiation therapy.
Evaluation of Infant Feeding Practices from 0 to 9 Months: A Case Study of General Hospitals in Bonoua and Dabou, Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Coulibaly Gnelle Assita , Yepie Audrey Herbert , Kone Naty Tadiogo , Anin-Atchibri Anin L. , Dadie Adjehi 
Published: September 2024

The dietary regimen of infants during their first nine months is crucial for their growth and development, yet it often reveals suboptimal practices. A prospective descriptive study was conducted to evaluate the feeding practices of 120 infants aged 0 to 9 months. This study took place over a 7-month period in the general hospitals of Bonoua and Dabou. Socio-demographic characteristics, breastfeeding practices, and infant dietary diversification were determined using a questionnaire. The results indicated that the majority of infants were male 50.8%, delivered vaginally, and had a normal birth weight. Early breastfeeding initiation was observed in only 13.3% of infants, attributed to factors like mother-infant separation and cleaning 32.5%, infant sleepiness 27.5%, and maternal milk absence 15.8%. Moreover, over half of the mothers 55% were unaware of the importance of colostrum. Exclusive breastfeeding was practiced by merely 24.2% of mothers. Introduction of complementary foods began before 6 months in 65.8% of cases, with 44.1% starting before 4 months. Foods introduced early included water, fruits, industrial cereals, and "Anagobaka." Foods introduced later comprised vegetables, fruits, potatoes, starches, fish, eggs, meat, dairy products, and fats. In conclusion, awareness campaigns are essential to improve infant feeding practices in the cities of Dabou and Bonoua.
Effects of phosphorus, calcium and magnesium on biomass production of Stylosanthes hamata (L.) Taub., Stylosanthes guianensis (Aubl.) Sw., Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Stapf) and <i>Brachiaria ruziziensis< Germ. & C.M. Evrard in Burkina Faso
Authors: Ouedraogo Souleymane , Sanou Lassina , Ouattara Baba , Kiema Sebastien 
Published: September 2024

Legumes and grasses play an important role in livestock production and sustainable agriculture. In semi-arid regions like Burkina Faso, most of the natural rangelands are degraded with the low quantity and quality of forage. Thus, it is imperative to explore the strategies that could improve the biomass production of palatable legumes and grasses. In this study, the effects of nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium and magnesium on the quality and quantity of biomass of Stylosanthes hamata, Stylosanthes guianensis, Brachiaria brizantha and Brachiaria ruziziensis was evaluated in the experimental designs. The results showed that the best biomass production of B. brizantha and B. ruziziensis was: 2.3 t DM/ha for a dose of P0D0N50 and 0.9 t DM/ha for a dose of P50D0N0 in June; 2.6 t DM/ha for the dose of P0D400N50 and 1.734 t DM/ha for a dose of P0D0N0 in July; 3.9 t DM/ha for a dose of P100D400N50 and 2.4 t DM/ha for a dose of P0D400N0 in August. The highest biomass values of S. hamata and S. guianensis were: 1.9 t DM/ha for a D0P50 dose and 2.2 t DM/ ha for the D0P100 dose in June; 4.4 t DM/ha for the D400P100 dose and 5.4 t DM/ha for the D0P50 dose in July; 6.1 t DM/ha for the D0P100 dose and 9.5 t DM/ha for the D0P50 dose in August. From the results it can be seen that, fertilizers improved the biomass production of forage species, which is an advantage in meeting the feed needs of livestock.
Information on the extinction of butterflies from Ethiopia
Authors: Getu Emana 
Published: September 2024

Insects are said to be the most successful organism on earth because of their abundance. Auto of the 1.6+million animals known to science 1+ million are insects which are over two third of the described animals so far. Of over 30 insect orders, the order Lepidoptera is the 2nd abundant order comprising about 180,000 insect species. Lepidoptera is divided in two major groups: butterflies and moths. The former species is diurnal, and the latter is nocturnal. The order comprises both beneficial and harmful insects. Some species from the butterflies’ group are good pollinators of plants. Butterflies are beautiful which as a result people use them to decorate their houses by hanging dead butterflies on the wall of their houses, which is very common in Europe. For tourist attraction some countries in Africa like Kenya have what is known as a butterfly farm. In Ethiopia up to recent time, most butterflies present in other tropical countries were abundantly present. In Addis Ababa and its surroundings where there are parks, forests, road sides and hotel compounds, it was very traditional to look at six to seven types of butterflies with different colors and sizes flies in the sky. However, this days you do not find any at all times of the year. Similar observations were made in Jimma, Adama, Bishoftu, Nekemete and Asosa. From this non-existence or diminishing number of butterflies, I concluded that butterflies extinction in Ethiopia become a reality. Hence, action should be taken to bring back butterflies to Ethiopia after compiling data on causes for the extinction.
Onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy in Western Equatoria State, South Sudan
Authors: Jada Stephen Raimon , Abd-Elfarag Gasim O.E. , Amaral Luis-Jorge , Hadermann Amber , Colebunders Robert 
Published: September 2024

Onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy (OAE) is a neglected public health problem in remote African regions endemic to onchocerciasis with suboptimal elimination programmes. OAE manifests in previously healthy children aged 3-18 years in the absence of any obvious cause for epilepsy and is marked by a diverse range of seizure types, including head nodding seizures (nodding syndrome). This paper reviews recent studies investigating the association between onchocerciasis and epilepsy in South Sudan. Surveys in Maridi, Mundri West, and Mvolo Counties demonstrated a very high prevalence (3-6%) and incidence of epilepsy, as well as substantial onchocerciasis serological prevalence (12-34%) in young children. However, a longitudinal population-based study conducted in Maridi and Mvolo showed that strengthening onchocerciasis elimination programmes was followed by a significant and consistent reduction in the incidence of epilepsy. Despite this progress, a large epilepsy treatment gap and a high level of misconceptions about epilepsy and epilepsy-related stigma were observed. Treating epilepsy in onchocerciasis-endemic regions is challenging. More advocacy is needed to provide uninterrupted access to free anti-seizure medication and promote community awareness programmes for improving the lives of persons with epilepsy and their families in these impoverished areas.
Neurocysticercosis epilepsy diagnosed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Woro Ronald M. E. 
Published: September 2024

Neurocysticercosis is prevalent in most developing countries where pork is consumed. It is estimated that approximately 30% of cases of epilepsy may be due to neurocysticercosis. We present a case of a middle-aged man who presented to a health facility in the city of Juba in South Sudan with tonic-clonic seizures and left-sided weakness. He was originally diagnosed as having epilepsy and Transient Ischaemic Attacks (TIA). Post-seizure confusion and odd behaviour prompted referral to a psychiatrist but was referred to the Juba Medical Complex (JMC) for a medical opinion and further management. The diagnosis of cysticercosis was confirmed on Computerised Axial Tomographic (CAT) scanning and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Verbal consent was obtained from the patient to publish his clinical details anonymously.
Phalangeal microgeodic syndrome: A case series in five adults
Authors: Parker Lucy , Ahmad Moneeb , Mukherjee Sandeep , McAlinden Paula 
Published: September 2024

Phalangeal Microgeodic Syndrome (PMS) is rare, characterised by cold related discolouration, pain and swelling of the digits. A handful of case reports exist mainly in a paediatric population in Japan. We describe five cases of PMS. The underlying aetiology remains uncertain, however, a possible correlation with infection or autoimmune dysregulation may suggest a common pathway which is yet to be identified. However, many cases seem to resolve spontaneously.
On the question of the sources of the Byzantism concept of K. N. Leontiev (1831–1891)
Authors: Малин Н.В. 
Published: September 2024

В статье анализируются основные источники, на основе которых русский религиозный философ Константин Николаевич Леонтьев (1831–1891) создавал свою концепцию византизма, а также рассматриваются некоторые обстоятельства, оказавшие влияние на формирование данной концепции. Показано, что для понимания условий, в которых работал Леонтьев, и значения источников, на которые он опирался при оформлении своей концепции в произведении «Византизм и славянство» (1875), важно учитывать восприятие образа Византии в российской образованной среде, среди предшественников и современников писателя. Представления о Византии в целом зачастую следовали западнической традиции, что не имело под собой достаточных оснований. Применяя оригинальную идеологему «византизм», Леонтьев стремился заявить о необходимости более объективного взгляда на наследие Византии, пересмотреть ее значение в истории, а также привлечь внимание к своей оригинальной концепции, которую он сформулировал в программном трактате «Византизм и славянство».
The article analyzes the main sources on the basis of which the Russian religious philosopher Konstantin Nikolaevich Leontiev (1831–1891) created his concept of Byzantism, and also examines some of the circumstances that influenced the formation of this concept. It is shown that in order to understand the conditions in which Leontiev worked, and the significance of the sources on which he relied when formulating his concept in the work “Byzantism and Slavism” (1875), it is important to take into account the perception of the image of Byzantium in Russian educated environment, among the writer’s predecessors and contemporaries. The ideas about Byzantium in general often followed the Westernizing tradition, which did not have sufficient grounds. Using the original ideologeme “Byzantism,” Leontiev sought to declare the need for a more objective view of the heritage of Byzantium, reconsidering its significance in history, and also drawing attention to his original concept, which he formulated in the programmatic treatise “Byzantism and Slavism.”
A. S. Pushkin and A. N. Radishchev: two “Journeys...”, two views on Russia
Authors: Нижников С.А. 
Published: September 2024

В статье анализируется полемика А. С. Пушкина (1799–1837) с А. Н. Радищевым (1749–1802). За основу взяты произведения «Мысли в дороге» (1835) Пушкина и «Путешествие из Петербурга в Москву» (1790) Радищева. Оценки Пушкиным указанного произведения Радищева основываются на глубоком изучении жизни и творчества последнего (Пушкиным написан также биографический очерк «Александр Радищев»), и выглядят взвешенными и лишенными идеологической узости. Пушкин, по сути, выступил с критикой западничества, радикализма и вольтерианства, его суждения носят продуманный и аналитический характер, они обладают новизной и актуальностью. Так как в советский период имя Радищева восхвалялось (как и А. И. Герцена), то нелицеприятный пушкинский анализ замалчивался, — о нем знают только специалисты-литературоведы. В этой связи представляется актуальным вновь обратиться к изучению данных произведений и их оценке. Анализ учитывает исторический контекст, связан с рассмотрением деятельности Петра I, просветителей XVIII в., среди которых виднейшее место занимает М. В. Ломоносов (1711–1765), оценки деятельности которого со стороны Пушкина и Радищева доходят до полярных. Отмечается, что позиция Пушкина может быть определена как просвещенный или либеральный консерватизм, — идеология, которая будет в дальнейшем развиваться в русской философии (Ф. М. Достоевский, сборник «Вехи» (1909)) и которая столь востребована сегодня.
The article analyzes the controversy of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin (1799–1837) with Alexander Nikolayevich Radishchev (1749–1802). Their works are taken as the basis, respectively, “Journey from Moscow to St. Petersburg” (“Thoughts on the Road”, 1835) by Pushkin and “Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow” (1790) by Radishchev. If the last work is well known, being ideologized in the Soviet era (like the figure of Alexander Herzen), then only specialists know about the first. Meanwhile, Pushkin’s assessments, associated with criticism of Westernism, radicalism and Voltaireanism, are balanced and based on a deep study of the life and work of Radishchev (Pushkin also wrote a biographical essay «Alexander Radishchev»), they have novelty and relevance. In this regard, it seems relevant to turn again to the analysis of these works and their evaluation. The analysis is carried out in a broad historical context, associated with assessments of the activities of Peter the Great (1672–1725), 18th century enlighteners, among which Mikhail Lomonosov (1711–1765) occupies an outstanding place, whose assessments of the activities from Pushkin and Radishchev are noteworthy. Pushkin’s position can be defined as «enlightened conservatism» – an ideology that will further develop in Russian philosophy (F. Dostoevsky, collection “Vekhi” (“Landmarks”, 1909)) and which is so in demand today.
Social Aspects of Sponsorship in Adult Baptism during the Late Antiquity
Authors: Юрченко И.А. , Юрченко Е.А. 
Published: September 2024

В статье анализируются социальные аспекты поручительства при крещении взрослых людей на основании свидетельств христианских авторов III–V вв. Исследование направлено на определение отличий и особенностей роли крещальных поручителей и крестных родителей. В позднеантичную эпоху поручительство представляло собой временные отношения, основанные на договорных принципах, с целью обучения оглашенных основам христианского вероучения и нормам поведения в общине. Кандидат, желающий принять крещение, должен был пройти испытательный срок под надзором поручителя в рамках процесса христианской инициации. Тем не менее, после того, как таинство было совершено, роль поручителя прекращалась, не предусматривая социальных отношений в будущем. Однако уже с середины IV в. христианские авторы использовали термины семьи и духовного родства в контексте крещального поручительства. На основе анализа источников делается вывод, что поручительство и крестное родство имеют различные социальные аспекты, обусловленные особенностями крещения взрослых и младенцев. Поручительство основывалось на временных договорных отношениях, в то время как крестное родство характеризовалось долгосрочными и прочными связями между крестным родителем и его духовным ребенком. Данная статья является отправной точкой для дальнейшего изучения феномена духовного родства в христианской религии.
The article analyzes social aspects of sponsorship at baptism of adults on the basis of testimonies of Christian authors of 3-5 centuries. The research is aimed at determining the differences and peculiarities of the role of baptismal sponsors and godparents. In Late Antiquity, sponsorship was a temporary relationship, based on contractual principles, for the purpose of teaching catechumens the basics of Christian doctrine and norms of behavior in the community. A candidate wishing to be baptized had to undergo a probationary period under the supervision of a sponsor as part of the Christian initiation process. However, once the sacrament was administered, the role of the sponsor ceased, providing no further social relationship. Nevertheless, already from the middle of the IV century Christian authors used the terms of spiritual kinship and family in the context of baptismal sponsorship. Based on the analysis of the sources, it is concluded that sponsorship and baptismal kinship have different social aspects due to the peculiarities of adult and infant baptismal practices. The sponsorship was based on a temporary contractual relationship, while baptismal kinship was characterized by a long-term and enduring bond between the godparent and his spiritual child. This article is a starting point for further study of the phenomenon of spiritual kinship in the Christian religion.