bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time of Day Differences in Neural Reward Functioning in Healthy Young Men
Authors: Byrne Jamie E.M. , Hughes Matthew E. , Rossell Susan L. , Johnson Sheri L. , Murray Greg 
Published: August 2017

Reward function appears to be modulated by the circadian system, but little is known about the neural basis of this interaction. Previous research suggests that the neural reward response may be different in the afternoon; however, the direction of this effect is contentious. Reward response may follow the diurnal rhythm in self-reported positive affect, peaking in the early afternoon. An alternative is that daily reward response represents a type of prediction error, with neural reward activation relatively high at times of day when rewards are unexpected (i.e., early and late in the day). The present study measured neural reward activation in the context of a validated reward task at 10.00 h, 14.00 h, and 19.00 h in healthy human males. A region of interest BOLD fMRI protocol was used to investigate the diurnal waveform of activation in reward-related brain regions. Multilevel modeling found, as expected, a highly significant quadratic time-of-day effect focusing on the left putamen (p< 0.001). Consistent with the “prediction error” hypothesis, activation was significantly higher at 10.00 h and 19.00 h compared with 14.00 h. It is provisionally concluded that the putamen may be particularly important in endogenous priming of reward motivation at different times of day, with the pattern of activation consistent with circadian-modulated reward expectancies in neural pathways (i.e., greater activation to reward stimuli at unexpected times of day). This study encourages further research into circadian modulation of reward and underscores the methodological importance of accounting for time of day in fMRI protocols.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThis is one of the first studies to use a repeated-measures imaging procedure to explore the diurnal rhythm of reward activation. Although self-reported reward (most often operationalized as positive affect) peaks in the afternoon, the present findings indicate that neural activation is lowest at this time. We conclude that the diurnal neural activation pattern may reflect a prediction error of the brain, where rewards at unexpected times (10.00 h and 19.00 h) elicit higher activation in reward brain regions than at expected (14.00 h) times. These data also have methodological significance, suggesting that there may be a time of day influence, which should be accounted for in neural reward studies.
Effects of Selective Deafferentation on the Discharge Characteristics of Medial Rectus Motoneurons
Authors: Hernández Rosendo G. , Benítez-Temiño Beatriz , Morado-Díaz Camilo J. , Davis-López de Carrizosa María América , de la Cruz Rosa R. , Pastor Angel M. 
Published: August 2017

Medial rectus motoneurons receive two main pontine inputs: abducens internuclear neurons, whose axons course through the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF), and neurons in the lateral vestibular nucleus, whose axons project through the ascending tract of Deiters (ATD). Abducens internuclear neurons are responsible for conjugate gaze in the horizontal plane, whereas ATD neurons provide medial rectus motoneurons with a vestibular input comprising mainly head velocity. To reveal the relative contribution of each input to the oculomotor physiology, single-unit recordings from medial rectus motoneurons were obtained in the control situation and after selective deafferentation from cats with unilateral transection of either the MLF or the ATD. Both MLF and ATD transection produced similar short-term alterations in medial rectus motoneuron firing pattern, which were more drastic in MLF of animals. However, long-term recordings revealed important differences between the two types of lesion. Thus, while the effects of the MLF section were permanent, 2 months after ATD lesioning all motoneuronal firing parameters were similar to the control. These findings indicated a more relevant role of the MLF pathway in driving motoneuronal firing and evidenced compensatory mechanisms following the ATD lesion. Confocal immunocytochemistry revealed that MLF transection produced also a higher loss of synaptic boutons, mainly at the dendritic level. Moreover, 2 months after ATD transection, we observed an increase in synaptic coverage around motoneuron cell bodies compared with short-term data, which is indicative of a synaptogenic compensatory mechanism of the abducens internuclear pathway that could lead to the observed firing and morphological recovery.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTEye movements rely on multiple neuronal circuits for appropriate performance. The abducens internuclear pathway through the medial longitudinal fascicle (MLF) and the vestibular neurons through the ascending tract of Deiters (ATD) are a dual system that supports the firing of medial rectus motoneurons. We report the effect of sectioning the MLF or the ATD pathway on the firing of medial rectus motoneurons, as well as the plastic mechanisms by which one input compensates for the lack of the other. This work shows that while the effects of MLF transection are permanent, the ATD section produces transitory effects. A mechanism based on axonal sprouting and occupancy of the vacant synaptic space due to deafferentation is the base for the mechanism of compensation on the medial rectus motoneuron.
Stem cells make leukemia grow again
Authors: Bahr Carsten , Correia Nádia C , Trumpp Andreas 
Published: August 2017

Leukemic stem cells were hypothesized to play a critical role in acute myeloid leukemia relapse, but data to support this were lacking. In a recent study elegantly combining sequencing with functional xenograft assays, Shlush et al () identified two distinct origins of leukemic relapse. They provided direct experimental evidence linking relapse to cancer stem cell clones already present before therapeutic intervention.
Kinetochore Components Required for Centromeric Chromatin Assembly Are Impacted by Msc1 in Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Authors: Gao Chenchao , Langbein Lauren , Kamal Fariha , George Anuja A , Walworth Nancy C 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Eukaryotic chromosome segregation requires a protein complex known as the kinetochore that mediates attachment between mitotic spindle microtubules and centromere-specific nucleosomes composed of the widely conserved histone variant CENP-A. Mutations in kinetochore proteins of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe lead to chromosome missegregation such that daughter cells emerge from mitosis with unequal DNA content. We find that multiple copies of Msc1—a fission yeast homolog of the KDM5 family of proteins—suppresses the temperature-sensitive growth defect of several kinetochore mutants, including mis16 and mis18, as well as mis6, mis15, and mis17, components of the Constitutive Centromere Associated Network (CCAN). On the other hand, deletion of msc1 exacerbates both the growth defect and chromosome missegregation phenotype of each of these mutants. The C-terminal PHD domains of Msc1, previously shown to associate with a histone deacetylase activity, are necessary for Msc1 function when kinetochore mutants are compromised. We also demonstrate that, in the absence of Msc1, the frequency of localization to the kinetochore of Mis16 and Mis15 is altered from wild-type cells. As we show here for msc1, others have shown that elevating cnp1 levels acts similarly to promote survival of the CCAN mutants. The rescue of mis15 and mis17 by cnp1 is, however, independent of msc1. Thus, Msc1 appears to contribute to the chromatin environment at the centromere: the absence of Msc1 sensitizes cells to perturbations in kinetochore function, while elevating Msc1 overcomes loss of function of critical components of the kinetochore and centromere.
Lozano-Vásquez, Andrea y Meléndez, Germán, comps. Convertir la vida en arte: una introducción histórica a la filosofía como forma de vida
Authors: Acevedo-Zapata Diana María 
Published: August 2017

Lozano-Vásquez, Andrea y Meléndez, Germán, comps. Convertir la vida en arte: una introducción histórica a la filosofía como forma de vida. Bogotá: Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 2016. 389 pp.
ФЕРМЕНТАТИВНИЙ МЕТОД ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ БІОЛОГІЧНОЇ ЦІННОСТІ МОЛОЧНИХ ПРОДУКТІВ ІЗ ЗЕРНОВИМ ІНГРЕДІЄНТОМ ДЛЯ ДИТЯЧОГО ХАРЧУВАННЯ
Authors: РУДАКОВА Т. В. 
Published: August 2017

Під час створення продуктів для дитячого харчування визначальне значення має адекватна біологічна цінність. Саме вона є одним з головних критеріїв оцінювання доцільності використання тих або інших компонентів. Біологічну цінність продуктів визначають біологічними, хімічними і ферментативними методами. Ферментативні методи визначення біологічної цінності білка є одним з простих і в той же час об’єктивним методом визначення його здатності до розщеплення протеолітичними ферментами у шлунково-кишковому тракті. Перетравлювання білків у шлунково-кишковому тракті (ШКТ) лімітує засвоювання амінокислот організмом. Частково гідролізовані білки, що надходять із шлунку до тонкого кишечника, перебуваючи там обмежений час, повинні швидко гідролізуватись до амінокислот та засвоїться: потрапляння амінокислот до товстого кишечника рівноцінне їх втраті для організму. Тому біологічна цінність білків продукту визначається ступенем і швидкістю перетравлювання протеазами ШКТ, засвоюванням амінокислот та подальшою утилізацією на пластичні потреби організму. Ефективність гідролізу харчових білків залежить від амінокислотного складу, конформації молекул, умов технологічного оброблення продукту. В статті представлено дослідження щодо біологічної цінності сировини, яка використовується для виробництва молочних продуктів дитячого харчування (сиру кисломолочного, незбираного молока, концентрату сироваткових білків, рисового борошна) та готових продуктів. Для визначення біологічної цінності продуктів ферментативним методом модифіковано конструкцію приладу для гідролізу білків. Доведено, що уведення у рецептури концентрату сироваткових білків та рисового борошна являється доцільним, так як дозволяє отримати кисломолочний продукт «Віталакт» та пасту сиркову з кращими показниками перетравлюваності. Показано, що швидкість перетравлення білків молочних продуктів для дитячого харчування вища ніж складників цих продуктів окремо. При цьому перетравлюваність молочних білків була вищою за рослинних. Так, показник перетравлюваності для молочних продуктів дитячого харчування становив в межах 70-77 %, а для рисового борошна – 41,8 %.
The problem of "thin" endometrium in reproductive medicine: experience of application of recombinant Interleukin-2 to prepare patients to assisted reproductive technologies programs
Authors: Lysenko Olga V. , Rozhdzestvenskaya Tatyana A. 
Published: August 2017

Introduction. “Thin” endometrium is known affect negatively to reproductive function. Treatment of “thin” endometrium remains a problem and subject of future major studies.
Aim. To justify the possibility of applying of recombinant interleikina-2 person late reproductive age patients with “thin” endometrium before using assisted reproductive technologies.
Matherials and Methods. We examined a total of 64 late reproductive age women. Three groups of patients were analyzed. The first investigated group included 25 women with histologically proven chronic endometritis; the comparison group included 20 patients with endometrium of the early proliferative phase; the second investigated group included 19 patients with “thin” endometrium, with indications for the conduct of in vitro fertilization. Interleukin 2, interleukin-4, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1β, Interleukin-6, interleukin-8, interleukin-10, IFN-γ concentrations were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in serum and aspirates from the uterine cavity in first investigated group and comparison group. Vaginal ultrasonic examination was made for women of second investigated group in first and second phase of menstrual cycle before and after recombinant human interlejkinom-2 treatment. Statistical data processing was performed using application software package Statistica 6.0 (StatSoft, Ink. 1994–2001), adapted for biomedical research. P < 0.05 was considered significant.
Results. Were found that concentrations of interleukin 2, interleukin-10 significantly reduced and concentrations of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1β, Interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 significantly increased in aspirates from the uterine cavity in women of late reproductive age with chronic endometritis. All changes occur at the local level in chronic endometritis. Endometrial thickness a statistically significant increase after use of recombinant human interlejkinom-2 in patients with infertility and chronic endometritis.
Conclusions. Application of recombinant interleukin-2 in patients with “thin” endometrium can become optimal schema therapy, which requires further study.
Molecular mechanisms of regulation of uterine leiomyoma growth
Authors: Antsiferova Yulia S. , Voronin Dmitry N. , Sotnikova Natalya Yu. , Malyshkina Anna I. 
Published: August 2017

Background: to elucidate the molecular mechanisms, regulating growth and proliferation of leiomyoma cells, the estimation of the activity of PR-A and PR-B isoforms of progesterone receptor and PI3K/Akt and MAPК kinases, participating in signal transduction from sex steroids and growth factors, has the special interest.
Aim of the work: to investigate the character of the expression of mRNAs of PR-A and PR-B isoforms of progesterone receptor in leiomyomas of different size and different intensity of cellular proliferation, and to elucidate the relationship between the PR-A and PR-B synthesis and activation of PI3K/Akt and MAPК signaling pathways in tumour tissue.
Materials and Methods. The examination of the PR-A, PR-B, Akt, PTEN, ERK and Ki67 mRNAs expression in normal myometrium and leiomyoma tissues of 29 women with uterine leiomyoma was performed using RP-PCR.
Results. It was found that in general the leiomyoma tissue was characterized by the high level of PR-A, PTEN and ERK mRNAs expression comparing to the miometrium. Distinctive characteristic of the small leiomyomas and leiomyomas with low proliferative activity was the highest synthesis of PR-A isoform of progesterone receptor. In large leiomyomas and in proliferating Ki67+ leiomymas the significant increase of ERK mRNA expression was seen.
Conclusion. Activation of the PR-A isoform of progesterone receptor and MAPK/ERK signaling pathway associated with the inhibition of PI3K/Akt signaling due to high synthesis of PTEN plays the important role in mechanisms, regulating leiomyoma growth.
Creation of a certification requirement for pharmacists in direct patient care roles
Authors: Hager David R. , Hartkopf Katherine J. , Koth Sara M. , Rough Steven S. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Purpose
Steps taken by a large health system to require certification for all pharmacists in direct patient care roles are detailed.

Summary
Major supply chain changes and rising payer expectations are reshaping pharmacy practice, resulting in expanded responsibilities for pharmacists and a heightened need for certification in specialized practice areas. In response, the pharmacy leadership team at UW Health, the integrated health system of the University of Wisconsin–Madison, used an iterative process and a “rolling” FAQ format to develop and implement a certification requirement. Key decisions during the process included decisions to accept only rigorous certifications (mainly those offered by the Board of Pharmacy Specialties), to provide institutional support for continuing education–based recertification, and to use an accepted definition of direct patient care in determining which pharmacists need to be certified. The team obtained the support of the UW Health human relations department by drafting a policy and rewriting all pharmacist position descriptions to incorporate the certification requirement. An all-pharmacist forum was held to build staff commitment. As a result of the requirement, 73 pharmacists were required to obtain certification by 2018 at a total cost to UW Health of $44,000; ongoing support of certification maintenance will cost an estimated $40,000 per year.

Conclusion
Health systems can be successful in establishing uniform certification expectations for pharmacists in direct patient care roles, even across diverse practice settings, by aligning expectations with organizational goals.
The Influence of Waste of Pineapple’s Peel (Ananas Comosus (L) Merr) As The Source of Bromelain Enzyme to Increase Meat (Local Beef) Quality
Authors: Alawiyah Nur , Nirwana Ratih Rizqi , Tarwiyah Siti 
Published: August 2017

The subjects of this research are waste of pinepple’s peel (Ananas Comosus (L) Merr) and local beef that were obtained from Jrakah traditional market, Ngaliyan-Semarang. The data technique analysis of this research is descriptive statistics. The result of this research shows that there is influence of waste of pineapple’s peel as source of bromelain enzyme to increase meat quality, especially tenderness. The higher the bromelain enzyme concentration used, the more tender the meat, although will be may increase the score of cooking loss. The meat that is submerged with the highest concentration (40%) of bromelain enzyme solution has score of 0.6662 and 45% of cooking loss. The organoleptic quality identification of meat that is submerged with bromelain enzyme solution, generally is better than the control meat. The meat that is submerged with bromelain enzyme solution gives better appearance, flavor, juiceness, and tenderness than the control meat. © 2015 JNSMR UIN Walisongo. All rights reserved.
Hairy Root Cultures for the Production of Anti-cancer Naphthoquinone Compounds
Authors: Jeziorek Małgorzata , Sykłowska-Baranek Katarzyna , Pietrosiuk Agnieszka 
Published: August 2017

Background:
Recent years have brought the dynamic development in studies of naphthoquinones
obtained from plants, in vitro cultures and semi- or total synthesis. This review presents the hairy
root cultures approach for producing naphthoquinones and summarizes their most recent anti-cancer investigations.
<p>
Objective: This review aimed to define biotechnological strategies impacted on naphthoquinones production
in hairy root cultures. Up to now the major source of shikonin/alkannin derivatives, rhinacanthins and
ramentaceone is isolation from plant material, also derived via biotechnological methods. Moreover, the
most recent anti-cancer activity studies on naphthoquinones which could be produced in hairy root cultures
were outlined.
<p>
Methods: For databases survey two selection criteria were used: (i) naphthoquinone could be produced in
hairy roots, and (ii) it exhibits anti-cancer properties.
<p>
Results: Ninety two papers were included in the review, thirty described biotechnological approaches
enhancing naphthoquinones production, among them twenty seven were dedicated to hairy root cultures.
Forty papers outlined the anti-cancer activity of targeted naphthoquinones including the type of cancer
and bioassays description. The synergistic effect of natural naphthoquinones and other anti-cancer therapies
was reviewed and toxicity of natural naphthoquinones and plant extracts was discussed. The review
highlights tendencies in hairy root investigations and indicates the possible future research directions for
improving biotechnological production efficacy.
<p>
Conclusion: This review demonstrates a great potential of hairy root cultures for naphthoquinones production,
which could be furtherly developed for future medical purposes, especially as anti-cancer agents.
This area of plant biotechnology will be surely still developed with traditional and new strategies.
Bending Characteristics of a Post-Tensioned, Prestressed Concrete, Simply Supported Beam
Authors: Xiang Qingming , Yang Youliang , Su Jiaxuan , Yang Tianshu , Cheng Xuansheng 
Published: August 2017

Introduction:To analyze the basic, mechanical properties of post-tensioned, prestressed concrete, simply supported beams with grouting material of varied porosity under load, a finite element model is established by using ANSYS finite element software.Methods:The mid-span, cracking deflection and the equivalent stress of the prestressed, concrete beams with grouting material of varied porosity are calculated under different load forms.Results and Conclusion:The analysis results show that the cracking deflection of the prestressed, concrete beams increases with the increase in the porosity of the grouting material of the beams under different load forms. By contrast, under the same porosity grouting material, the cracking deflection of the symmetrical loads is larger than that of the uniform and concentrated loads. As the porosity of the grouting material increases, the peak value of equivalent stress decreases. The equivalent, stress-peak value of the concentrated load is always larger than the equivalent, stress-peak value under the uniform and symmetrical loads.
Outcome of Scapulothoracic Arthroscopy for Painful Snapping Scapula
Authors: Islam Saif Ul , Choudhry Muhammad Naghman , Akbar Sobia , Waseem Mohammad 
Published: August 2017

Introduction:
Patients with scapulothoracic syndrome present with pain in the scapulothoracic area aggravated by overhead and repetitive shoulder movements. The aim of our study was to assess the outcome of scapulothoracic arthroscopic treatment in patients with painful snapping scapula in our institution.

Methods:
Fourteen patients underwent scapulothoracic arthroscopic treatment for painful snapping scapula. Pre-operatively, all these patients had a trial of conservative treatment modalities for at least 6 months.
Two portals along the medial border of scapula were used for arthroscopy and instrumentation. In three cases a superior portal was also used. The arm was placed in the “chicken wing” position so that the scapula lifted up from the chest wall. Outcome was assessed using pre and postoperative pain visual analogue score and Oxford Shoulder Score.

Results:
Of the fourteen patients included in our study, ten were female and four were male patients. Mean age at the time of surgery was 27.6 years. Mean follow up was 35.7 months. Pain visual analogue score improved significantly from a mean of 8.8 preoperatively to 2.5 postoperatively (P value 0.00002). There was also a significant improvement in Oxford Shoulder Score from a mean of 10.8 to 40.9 (P= 0.00001). Mean crepitus score significantly decreased from 2.6 to 0.21 (p < 0.00001). Crepitus completely resolved in eleven patients. In three there was residual palpable crepitus but they had good pain relief.

Conclusion:
Arthroscopic scapulothoracic treatment provides significant pain relief and functional improvement for painful snapping scapula symptoms not responding to non-surgical treatment modalities.
Composite Timber Panel Optimization for a New-type Cold-Formed Steel Shear Wall
Authors: He Jun , Li Jing , Xin Zhuoyang , Jiang Weian 
Published: August 2017

Background and Methods:
This paper illustrates a research on the behavior of the composite timber panels used in a new-type cold-formed steel shear wall, when subjected to monotonic and reversed cyclic in-plane loading. The framing members of this new-type cold-formed steel shear wall are made of cold-formed steels. The inner timber frameworks, sheathed with veneer plywood, form the composite timber panels.

Objective:
In order to improve the lateral performance of the new-type cold-formed steel shear wall, two different optimized composite timber panels were proposed and tested, namely, increasing the thickness of the sheathings and the addition of steel X-bracings. The main objective of the study is to determine the quantification of the improvement in lateral performance of these two optimized composite timber panels.

Results and Conclusion:
Observed failure modes, structural performance parameters and the data of the strain gauges were given for each specimen, which indicates two optimized panels both have better lateral performance. But larger deformation and damage of the sheathings happened on the panels with steel X-bracings, so the panels with thick sheathings are more suitable and practical for normal use.