bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bolstering the Number and Function of HSV-1–Specific CD8+ Effector Memory T Cells and Tissue-Resident Memory T Cells in Latently Infected Trigeminal Ganglia Reduces Recurrent Ocular Herpes Infection and Disease
Authors: Khan Arif A. , Srivastava Ruchi , Chentoufi Aziz A. , Kritzer Elizabeth , Chilukuri Sravya , Garg Sumit , Yu David C. , Vahed Hawa , Huang Lei , Syed Sabrina A. , Furness Julie N. , Tran Tien T. , Anthony Nesburn B. , McLaren Christine E. , Sidney John , Sette Alessandro , Noelle Randolph J. , BenMohamed Lbachir 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
HSV type 1 (HSV-1) is a prevalent human pathogen that infects &gt;3.72 billion individuals worldwide and can cause potentially blinding recurrent corneal herpetic disease. HSV-1 establishes latency within sensory neurons of trigeminal ganglia (TG), and TG-resident CD8+ T cells play a critical role in preventing its reactivation. The repertoire, phenotype, and function of protective CD8+ T cells are unknown. Bolstering the apparent feeble numbers of CD8+ T cells in TG remains a challenge for immunotherapeutic strategies. In this study, a comprehensive panel of 467 HLA-A*0201–restricted CD8+ T cell epitopes was predicted from the entire HSV-1 genome. CD8+ T cell responses to these genome-wide epitopes were compared in HSV-1–seropositive symptomatic individuals (with a history of numerous episodes of recurrent herpetic disease) and asymptomatic (ASYMP) individuals (who are infected but never experienced any recurrent herpetic disease). Frequent polyfunctional HSV-specific IFN-γ+CD107a/b+CD44highCD62LlowCD8+ effector memory T cells were detected in ASYMP individuals and were primarily directed against three “ASYMP” epitopes. In contrast, symptomatic individuals have more monofunctional CD44highCD62LhighCD8+ central memory T cells. Furthermore, therapeutic immunization with an innovative prime/pull vaccine, based on priming with multiple ASYMP epitopes (prime) and neurotropic TG delivery of the T cell–attracting chemokine CXCL10 (pull), boosted the number and function of CD44highCD62LlowCD8+ effector memory T cells and CD103highCD8+ tissue-resident T cells in TG of latently infected HLA-A*0201–transgenic mice and reduced recurrent ocular herpes following UV-B–induced reactivation. These findings have profound implications in the development of T cell–based immunotherapeutic strategies to treat blinding recurrent herpes infection and disease.
Selective Induction of Homeostatic Th17 Cells in the Murine Intestine by Cholera Toxin Interacting with the Microbiota
Authors: Zhao Qing , Harbour Stacey N. , Kolde Raivo , Latorre Isabel J. , Tun Hein M. , Schoeb Trenton R. , Turner Henrietta , Moon James J. , Khafipour Ehsan , Xavier Ramnik J. , Weaver Casey T. , Elson Charles O. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Th17 cells play a role as an inflammation mediator in a variety of autoimmune disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease, and thus are widely considered to be pathogenic. However, Th17 cells are present in the normal intestine and show a homeostatic phenotype; that is, they participate in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis rather than inducing inflammation. We observed an enlarged Th17 population in the small intestine of C57BL/6.IgA−/− mice compared with wild-type mice, which was further amplified with cholera toxin (CT) immunization without causing intestinal inflammation. The increased Th17 induction and the correspondingly 10-fold higher CT B subunit–specific serum IgG response in IgA−/− mice after CT immunization was microbiota dependent and was associated with increased segmented filamentous bacteria in the small intestine of IgA−/− mice. Oral administration of vancomycin greatly dampened both CT immunogenicity and adjuvanticity, and the differential CT responses in IgA−/− and wild-type mice disappeared after intestinal microbiota equalization. Using gnotobiotic mouse models, we found that CT induction of homeostatic intestinal Th17 responses was supported not only by segmented filamentous bacteria, but also by other commensal bacteria. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis using IL-17AhCD2 reporter mice revealed a similar gene expression profile in CT-induced intestinal Th17 cells and endogenous intestinal Th17 cells at homeostasis, with upregulated expression of a panel of immune-regulatory genes, which was distinctly different from the gene expression profile of pathogenic Th17 cells. Taken together, we identified a nonpathogenic signature of intestinal homeostatic Th17 cells, which are actively regulated by the commensal microbiota and can be selectively stimulated by CT.
Presenting Pinter's Last Tape: Performative Futures and the Phenomenological Economy of Bananas
Authors: Norman Lance 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Reading Harold Pinter the performer through the blending of temporality, semiotics, phenomenology, and performativity that is the essence of theatrical ghosting, Lance Norman analyzes and contrasts Pinter's role in The Tailor of Panama with his critically lauded performance in Samuel Beckett's Krapp's Last Tape. While the ghost of the writer was always apparent in Pinter the actor, it was frequently a passive and impotent figure with little affect other than announcing its presence as the writer who has lost his power. The Tailor of Panama represents the writerly Pinter ghost as a transient historical distraction: a quaint and humorous digression with little matter. The possibility of empowering, materializing, and making the past ghost present would not be a possibility for Pinter until Krapp's Last Tape. Krapp provided Harold Pinter with the power to resolve the conflict between artist and citizen that had consumed him for his entire career.
‘Have Our People Been Sufficiently Cautious?’: Wesleyan Responses to Lorenzo Dow in England and Ireland, 1799–1819
Authors: Woolley Tim 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT
American revivalist Lorenzo Dow (1777–1834) has long been identified as key to the emergence of camp meetings that led to Primitive Methodism. His visits to Ireland and England in 1799–1801, 1805–7, and 1818–19 brought conflicting responses from Wesleyanism at connexional level and much local interest in both countries. This article contends that it was his failure to cultivate alliances with any leading Wesleyan ministers and his preaching for both New Connexion and Independent Methodist churches that led to repeated Wesleyan Conference censure in England, while the support of influential itinerants in Ireland was not ultimately enough to prevent Conference disavowal there, too.
Simple and Rapid Dual-Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction as an Innovative Extraction Method for Uranium in Real Water Samples Prior to the Determination of Uranium by a Spectrophotometric Technique
Authors: Khan Naeemullah , Tuzen Mustafa , Kazi Tasneem Gul 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
An innovative, rapid, and simple dual-dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DDLL-ME) approach was used to extract uranium from real samples for the first time. The main objective of this study was to disperse extraction solvent by using an air-agitated syringe system to overcome matrix effects and avoid dispersion of hazardous dispersive organic solvents by using heat. The DDLL-ME method consisted of two dispersive liquid–liquid extraction steps with chloroform as the extracting solvent. Uranium formed complexes with 4-(2-thiazolylazo) resorcinol in the aqueous phase and was extracted in extracting solvent (chloroform) after the first dispersive liquid–liquid process. Uranium was then back-extracted in the acidic aqueous phase in a second dispersive liquid–liquid process. Finally, uranium was determined by a spectrophotometric detection technique. The variables that played a key role in the proposed method were studied and optimized. The LOD and sensitivity enhancement factor for uranium were found to be 0.60 µg/L and 45, respectively, under optimized conditions. Calibration graphs were found to be linear in the range of 5.0–600 µg/L. The RSD was 2.5%. Reliability of the proposed method was verified by analyzing certified reference material TM-28.3.
Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação Aplicadas aos Processos de Ensino e de Aprendizagem: percepção de um grupo focal de professores de uma escola do Maranhão
Authors: Oliveira Filho Vicente Henrique de , Santos Gilberto Tavares dos , Abar Celina Aparecida Almeida Pereira 
Published: May 2017

<p class="Normal1">O presente artigo apresenta uma pesquisa sobre as implicações do uso das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TIC) nos processos de ensino e de aprendizagem na visão dos professores. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, que utilizou a técnica dos grupos focais com uma pergunta geradora para coletar os dados necessários e realizar as análises subsequentes. Percebeu-se que há falta de preparo dos professores entrevistados para o uso das TIC em sua prática pedagógica, reduzindo-as apenas a um recurso adicional, pouco explorando as suas várias funcionalidades. É necessário, portanto, que a utilização dessas tecnologias pelos professores ultrapasse a dimensão utilitarista e seja incorporada como novas possibilidades educativas. Conclui-se que a subutilização das TIC pelos professores entrevistados é decorrente da falta de conhecimento e preparo para o uso dessas tecnologias como ferramenta didática. Essa limitação precisa ser superada por meio de uma adequada formação docente. </p>
Validation de la version française canadienne du Perception of Prevalence of Aggression Scale auprès d’un échantillon d’intervenants en protection de la jeunesse1
Authors: Geoffrion Steve , Giguère Charles-Édouard , Fortin Mélissa , Fortin Christophe , Guay Stéphane 
Published: May 2017

Objectif. L’objectif de cette étude est d’évaluer la validité de construit de la version française de l’échelle Perception Of Prevalence of Aggression Scale (POPAS), un questionnaire auto-rapporté mesurant l’exposition à la violence au travail commise par la clientèle du milieu de la santé et des services sociaux. Méthode. Un échantillon de 310 intervenants en protection de la jeunesse est utilisé afin de confirmer la structure interne à quatre facteurs de l’instrument. À défaut de confirmer cette structure, un modèle d’équation structurelle exploratoire est utilisé. Les facteurs retenus sont soumis aux tests d’alpha de Cronbach qui permettent d’évaluer leur cohérence interne. Ils sont corrélés avec la version française du Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist Scale (PCLS) et du nombre de jours d’absence du travail causé par la violence afin d’évaluer la validité convergente. Il sont également corrélées avec le Felt Accountability (FA) afin d’évaluer la validité divergente. Des analyses de comparaison en fonction du lieu de travail permettent d’explorer la validité de critère. Résultats. L’analyse factorielle confirmatoire ne confirme pas la structure à quatre facteurs du POPAS. L’équation structurelle exploratoire valide une structure à trois facteurs : « violence verbale », « violence physique » et « violence envers soi-même ». Les deux premiers possèdent une bonne cohérence interne. Les corrélations positives entre ces deux facteurs et le PCLS, ainsi qu’entre ces deux facteurs et le nombre de jours d’absence appuient la validité convergente du POPAS. Toutefois, l’absence de corrélation significative entre le dernier facteur et le PCLS, et entre ce facteur et le nombre de jour d’absence n’appuient pas cette convergence. L’absence de corrélation des facteurs avec le FA appuie la validité divergente du POPAS. Les différences observées selon les environnements de travail attestent aussi de la validité de critère. Discussion. La validité de construit de la version française canadienne du POPAS suggère que l’outil permet d’évaluer la fréquence subjective de différentes formes de violence au travail vécues par les intervenants en protection de la jeunesse. Il offre ainsi une alternative aux données officielles (c.-à-d. déclaration d’incidents à l’employeur) qui reflètent peu la réalité de ces travailleurs compte tenu de la sous-déclaration des incidents de violence dans ce milieu.
Étude sur les changements apportés aux processus de traitement des cas d’agression sexuelle1
Authors: Silva2 David , Collin-Vézina Delphine , Dubois Florence 
Published: May 2017

Objectif : Cette étude vise à analyser le processus de traitement des signalements d’agression sexuelle sur des mineurs (ASM) par les services de protection de l’enfance (SPE) dans le but de comprendre son rôle dans la baisse récente des cas confirmés d’AS. Méthodologie : Une base de données composée de 53 848 cas d’enfants signalés aux SPE du Québec (Canada), de 2002 à 2013, a été utilisée afin de déterminer le rôle des caractéristiques de l’enfant, des caractéristiques administratives et de la date du signalement sur la décision de retenir le dossier à des fins d’évaluation. Résultats : Les analyses de régression logistique montrent que : 1) les signalements d’AS étaient plus susceptibles d’être examinés lorsque l’enfant était plus jeune ; 2) les caractéristiques administratives expliquent une part importante des décisions de rétention ; 3) plus importants encore que tout autre facteur, les signalements reçus avant l’amendement en 2007 de la Loi sur la protection de la jeunesse étaient plus susceptibles d’être retenus à des fins d’évaluation que ceux reçus après l’amendement. Ces variables ont prédit 71,2 % des signalements retenus et 65,9 % des signalements non retenus. Conclusion : Ces résultats montrent que la baisse récente de l’incidence d’AS peut être attribuée aux changements apportés aux politiques et aux pratiques dans le processus de traitement des signalements, réduisant ainsi la probabilité que les signalements soient évalués.
Seasonal dispersal and longitudinal migration in the Relict Gull Larus relictus across the Inner-Mongolian Plateau
Authors: Liu Dongping , Zhang Guogang , Jiang Hongxing , Chen Lixia , Meng Derong , Lu Jun 
Published: May 2017

The Relict Gull Larus relictus is a globally vulnerable species and one of the least known birds, so understanding its seasonal movements and migration will facilitate the development of effective conservation plans for its protection. We repeatedly satellite-tracked 11 adult Relict Gulls from the Ordos sub-population in Hongjian Nur, China, over 33 migration seasons and conducted extensive ground surveys. Relict Gulls traveled ∼800 km between Hongjian Nur in northern China to the coast of eastern China in a predominantly longitudinal migration, following a clockwise loop migration pattern. The gulls migrated faster in spring (4 ± 2 d) than in autumn (15 ± 13 d) due to a time-minimization strategy for breeding, and they showed considerable between-individual variation in the timing of the autumn migration, probably due to differences in the timing of breeding. Gulls that made at least two round trips exhibited high flexibility in spring migration timing, suggesting a stronger influence of local environment conditions over endogenous controls. There was also high route flexibility among different years, probably due to variations in meteorological or habitat conditions at stopover sites. Relict Gulls stayed for a remarkably long time (234 ± 17 d) on their major wintering grounds in Bohai Bay and Laizhou Bay, between which there were notable dispersals. Pre-breeding dispersals away from the breeding area were distinct, which seemed to be a strategy to cope with the degradation of breeding habitat at Hongjian Nur. Overwhelming lake shrinkage on the breeding ground and at stopover sites and loss of intertidal flats on the wintering grounds are regarded as the main threats to Relict Gulls. It is crucial to make protection administrations aware of the great significance of key sites along migration routes and to promote the establishment of protected areas in these regions.
Circulation, hydrography, and transport over the summit of Axial Seamount, a deep volcano in the Northeast Pacific
Authors: Xu G. , Lavelle J. W. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA numerical model of ocean flow, hydrography, and transport is used to extrapolate observations of currents and hydrography and infer patterns of material flux in the deep ocean around Axial Seamount, a destination node of NSF's Ocean Observatories Initiative's Cabled Array. Using an inverse method, the model is made to approximate measured deep ocean flow around this site during a 35 day time period in the year 2002. The model is then used to extract month‐long mean patterns and examine smaller‐scale spatial and temporal variability around Axial. Like prior observations, model month‐long mean currents flow anticyclonically around the seamount's summit in toroidal form with maximum speeds at 1500 m depth of 10–11 cm/s. As a time mean, the temperature (salinity) anomaly distribution takes the form of a cold (briny) dome above the summit. Passive tracer material continually released at the location of the ASHES vent field exits the caldera primarily through its southern open end before filling the caldera. Once outside the caldera, the tracer circles the summit in clockwise fashion, fractionally reentering the caldera over lower walls at its north end, while gradually bleeding southwestward during the modeled time period into the ambient ocean. A second tracer release experiment using a source of only 2 day duration inside and near the CASM vent field at the northern end of the caldera suggests a residence time of the fluid at that locale of 8–9 days.
The impact of stochastic physics on tropical rainfall variability in global climate models on daily to weekly time scales
Authors: Watson Peter A. G. , Berner Judith , Corti Susanna , Davini Paolo , von Hardenberg Jost , Sanchez Claudio , Weisheimer Antje , Palmer Tim N. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMany global atmospheric models have too little precipitation variability in the tropics on daily to weekly time scales and also a poor representation of tropical precipitation extremes associated with intense convection. Stochastic parameterizations have the potential to mitigate this problem by representing unpredictable subgrid variability that is left out of deterministic models. We evaluate the impact on the statistics of tropical rainfall of two stochastic schemes: the stochastically perturbed parameterization tendency scheme (SPPT) and stochastic kinetic energy backscatter scheme (SKEBS), in three climate models: EC‐Earth, the Met Office Unified Model, and the Community Atmosphere Model, version 4. The schemes generally improve the statistics of simulated tropical rainfall variability, particularly by increasing the frequency of heavy rainfall events, reducing its persistence and increasing the high‐frequency component of its variability. There is a large range in the size of the impact between models, with EC‐Earth showing the largest improvements. The improvements are greater than those obtained by increasing horizontal resolution to ∼20 km. Stochastic physics also strongly affects projections of future changes in the frequency of extreme tropical rainfall in EC‐Earth. This indicates that small‐scale variability that is unresolved and unpredictable in these models has an important role in determining tropical climate variability statistics. Using these schemes, and improved schemes currently under development, is therefore likely to be important for producing good simulations of tropical variability and extremes in the present day and future.
Imprint of the convective parameterization and sea‐surface temperature on large‐scale convective self‐aggregation
Authors: Becker Tobias , Stevens Bjorn , Hohenegger Cathy 
Published: May 2017

AbstractRadiative‐convective equilibrium simulations with the general circulation model ECHAM6 are used to explore to what extent the dependence of large‐scale convective self‐aggregation on sea‐surface temperature (SST) is driven by the convective parameterization. Within the convective parameterization, we concentrate on the entrainment parameter and show that large‐scale convective self‐aggregation is independent of SST when the entrainment rate for deep convection is set to zero or when the convective parameterization is removed from the model. In the former case, convection always aggregates very weakly, whereas in the latter case, convection always aggregates very strongly. With a nontrivial representation of convective entrainment, large‐scale convective self‐aggregation depends nonmonotonically on SST. For SSTs below 295 K, convection is more aggregated the smaller the SST because large‐scale moisture convergence is relatively small, constraining convective activity to regions with high wind‐induced surface moisture fluxes. For SSTs above 295 K, convection is more aggregated the higher the SST because entrainment is most efficient in decreasing updraft buoyancy at high SSTs, amplifying the moisture‐convection feedback. When halving the entrainment rate, convection is less efficient in reducing updraft buoyancy, and convection is less aggregated, in particular at high SSTs. Despite most early work on self‐aggregation highlighted the role of nonconvective processes, we conclude that convective self‐aggregation and the global climate state are sensitive to the convective parameterization.
First look at Jupiter's synchrotron emission from Juno's perspective
Authors: Santos‐Costa D. , Adumitroaie V. , Ingersoll A. , Gulkis S. , Janssen M. A. , Levin S. M. , Oyafuso F. , Brown S. , Williamson R. , Bolton S. J. , Connerney J. E. P. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSince August 2016, measurements of Jupiter's microwave emissions at six wavelengths ranging from 1.3 cm to 50 cm have been made with the Juno Microwave Radiometer. In this paper, we introduce the first systematic set of in situ observations of synchrotron radiation in a polar plane while describing the modeling approach we use to analyze this data (collected 27 August 2016). Time series of brightness profiles at all six frequencies present similarities that are explained by the presence of known regions of intense synchrotron radiation. Our model predictions, though limited for now to the total intensity of the radiation, reproduce (qualitatively) the observation of temporal variations and allow to disentangle the synchrotron emission from the atmospheric emission. The discrepancies seen between the data and simulations confirm that physical conditions close to Jupiter affecting synchrotron emission (electron energy spectra, pitch angle distributions, and the magnetic environment) are different than we anticipated.