bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated pathogen load and dual transcriptome analysis of systemic host-pathogen interactions in severe malaria
Authors: Lee Hyun Jae , Walther Michael , Georgiadou Athina , Nwakanma Davis , Stewart Lindsay B. , Levin Michael , Otto Thomas D. , Conway David J. , Coin Lachlan J. , Cunnington Aubrey J. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe pathogenesis of severePlasmodium falciparummalaria is incompletely understood. Since the pathogenic stage of the parasite is restricted to blood, dual RNA-sequencing of host and parasite transcripts in blood can reveal their interactions at a systemic scale. Here we identify human and parasite gene expression associated with severe disease features in Gambian children. Differences in parasite load explained up to 99% of differential expression of human genes but only a third of the differential expression of parasite genes. Co-expression analyses showed a remarkable co-regulation of host and parasite genes controlling translation, and host granulopoiesis genes uniquely co-regulated and differentially expressed in severe malaria. Our results indicate that high parasite load is the proximal stimulus for severeP. falciparummalaria, that there is an unappreciated role for many parasite genes in determining virulence, and hint at a molecular arms-race between host and parasite to synthesise protein products.
Non-invasive measurement of hepatic venous oxygen saturation (ShvO2) with quantitative susceptibility mapping in normal mouse liver and livers bearing colorectal metastases
Authors: Finnerty E. , Ramasawmy R. , O’Callaghan J. , Connell J. , Lythgoe M. F. , Shmueli K. , Thomas D. , Walker-Samuel S. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this prospective study was to investigate the potential of QSM to non-invasively measure hepatic venous oxygen saturation (ShvO2).Materials & MethodsAll animal studies were performed in accordance with the UK Home Office Animals Science Procedures Act (1986) and UK National Cancer Research Institute (NCRI) guidelines. QSM data was acquired from a cohort of mice (n=10) under both normoxic (medical air, 21% O2/ balance N), and hyperoxic conditions (100% O2). Susceptibility measurements were taken from large branches of the portal and hepatic vein under each condition and were used to calculate venous oxygen saturation in each vessel. Blood was extracted from the IVC of three mice under norm- and hyperoxic conditions, and oxygen saturation was measured using a blood gas analyser to act as a gold standard. QSM data was also acquired from a cohort of mice bearing colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). SvO2was calculated from susceptibility measurements made in the portal and hepatic veins, and compared to the healthy animals.ResultsSvO2calculated from QSM measurements showed a significant increase of 14.93% in the portal vein (p < 0.05), and an increase of 21.39% in the hepatic vein (p < 0.01). Calculated results showed excellent agreement with those from the blood gas analyser (26.14% increase). ShvO2was significantly lower in the disease cohort (30.18 ± 11.6%), than the healthy animals (52.67 ± 17.8%) (p < 0.05), but differences in the portal vein were not significant.ConclusionQSM is a feasible tool for non-invasively measuring hepatic venous oxygen saturation and can detect differences in oxygen consumption in livers bearing colorectal metastases.
Isolation of phosphate solubilizingPseudomonasstrains from apple rhizosphere in the Trans Himalayan region of Himachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Sharma Ranjna , Pal Joginder , Kaur Mohinder 
Published: September 2017

AbstractTotal fifteen phosphate solubilizing bacteria were isolated from rhizosphere soil of apple tree on Kings’ B medium belonging to genusPseudomonasspp. They were characterized on the basis of morphological and biochemical characteristics. Preliminary selection as phosphate solubilizing bacteria were done on the basis of formation of transparent zone around the colony on Pikovskaya’s agar medium containing 0.5% triclcium phosphate (TCP). Maximumin vitrophosphate solubilization on Pikovskaya’s agar plates after 72h incubation at 28°C was shown by An-15-Mg (46 mm), whereas in case of broth, again this strain showed maximum tricalcium phosphate (TCP) solubilization (76 μg/ml). The pH of each inoculated broth was recorded daily and dropped significantly (pH 7.0-3.99). All thePseudomonasisolates were further evaluated for overall plant growth promoting traits. Greatest siderophore activity was exhibited by An-14-Mg (71.23 %SU) followed by An-15-Mg (70.12 %SU) which were statiscally at par with each other. Whereas, maximum IAA production was observed again in An-15-Mg (95 μg/ml). This isolate also showed the maximum production of HCN and ammonia. 16S rDNA and phylogenetic analysis showed that strain An-15-Mg exhibits 99% level of similarity withPseudomonas aeruginosa.Therefore, it was designated asPseudomonas aeruginosastrain An-15-Mg. HPLC analysis showed that thePseudomonas aeruginosastrain An-15-Mg produced maximum concentration of succinic acid, malonic, citric and malic acid with small amounts of schimic, quinic, tartaric, fumaric and lactic acids. The strain An-15-Mg possessed phosphate solubilization as major PGP trait along with different PGP traits. The potential phosphate solubilizing strain ofPseudomonas aeruginosawas reported first time as PGPR which lives in close association with apple tree without harming the plant, therefore could be used as a promising phosphate solubilizer and biofertilizer in apple crop grown in high hills of Himachal Pradesh.Authors contributionAll authors made significant efforts towards the completion of this research work and preparation of manuscript timely. Author Ranjna Sharma has done collection of soil samples of apple tree from two districts, isolation and characterization of phosphate solubilizingPseudomonasisolates and their screening for different PGPT’s, phenotypic characteriazation, 16S rRNA analysis and statistical analysis. Author S P Singh has done HPLC analysis at their institute. Author Ankita has done sequence analysis and phylogenetic tree preparation. Author Mohinder Kaur is my mentor and generated idea regarding this work. She guided me in completing this work successfully as well as manuscript writing.
Deep learning diffusion fingerprinting to detect brain tumour response to chemotherapy
Authors: Roberts Tom A. , Hipwell Ben , Agliardi Giulia , d’Esposito Angela , Taylor Valerie , Lythgoe Mark F. , Walker-Samuel Simon 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTArtificial neural networks are being widely implemented for a range of different biomedical imaging applications.Convolutional neural networks are by far the most popular type of deep earning architecture,but often require very large datasets for robust training and evaluation We introduce deep learning diffusion fingerprinting (DLDF), which we have used to classifydiffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging voxels in a mouse model of glioblastoma (GL261 cell line), both prior to and in response to Temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy.We show that, even with limited training, DLDF can automatically segment brain tumours from normal brain, can automatically distinguish between young and older (after 9 days of growth) tumours and that DLDF can detect whether or not a tumour has been treated with chemotherapy.Our results also suggest that DLDF can detect localised changes in the underlying tumour microstructure, which are not evident using conventional measurements of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC).Tissue category maps generated by DLDF showed regions containing a mixture of normal brain and tumour cells, and in some cases evidence of tumour invasion across the corpus callosum, which were broadly consistent with histology.In conclusion, DLDF shows the potential for applying deep learning on a pixel-wise level,which reduces the need for vast training datasets and could easily be applied to other multi-dimensional imaging acquisitionsAbbreviationsANNartificial neural networkCTx-ray computed tomographyPETpositron emission tomographyCNNconvolutional neural networkHARDIhigh angular resolution diffusion weighted imagingNODDIneurite orientation dispersion and density imagingVERDICTvascular, extracellular and restricted diffusion for cytometry in tumoursDLDFdeep learning with diffusion fingerprintingTMZTemozolomidePFAparaformaldehydeH&Ehematoxylin and eosinGFAPglial fibrillary acidic protein
Corrosion and inhibition of N80 steel in 5% HCl solution by SA1-3
Authors: Zhao Liqiang , Zhu Yanhua , Liu Pingli , Zhang Jian , Liu Yigang 
Published: September 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to describe the corrosion behavior and possibility of inhibition by corrosion inhibitor SA1-3 in acidizing solution (5 per cent hydrochloric acid [HCl] solution). The study aims to explain the mechanism of corrosion and inhibition of N80 steel in 5 per cent HCl solution to provide theoretical basis for expanding the range of application of N80 steel in acidification process.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper opted for a laboratory study using simulation of acidizing solution to do the experiments. The results of experiments including weight-loss method, electrochemical method and surface analysis were used to explain the mechanism of corrosion and inhibition so as to predict the dissolution progress of N80 steel in 5 per cent HCl solution with and without inhibitor SA1-3.

Findings
This paper provides theoretical insights about how to inhibit the corrosion behavior of N80 steel in 5 per cent HCl solution. It suggests that the corrosion inhibitor which can form a protective film on the steel surface should be used to expand the application of N80 steel in acidizing solution. The inhibitor SA1-3 is a kind of cathodic corrosion-controlling inhibitor which mainly inhibits cathode corrosion; it cannot change the corrosion mechanism of N80 steel.

Originality/value
This paper provides a theoretical basis for the corrosion behavior and inhibition mechanism of N80 steel in acidizing solution.
Effect of passivation on chloride concentration threshold of steel reinforcement corrosion
Authors: Bouzeghaia Nora , Mihi Abdelkader , Aït-Mokhtar Abdelkarim , Naoun Mahieddine 
Published: September 2017

Purpose
When concrete is manufactured, it can be instantaneously contaminated by chloride (Cl−) ions or later by their intrusion from the environment. This work aims to study the electrochemical behavior of the passive layer formed on the reinforcing steel surface in the presence of the same Cl− ion concentration, with and without passivation time. This will, undoubtedly, affect the corrosion threshold values thereafter.

Design/methodology/approach
Electrochemical polarizations were carried out in two concrete pore solutions. The surfaces of samples immersed for 255 days in saturated Ca(OH)2 solution were examined with optical and scanning electron microscopy and Raman microspectroscopy.

Findings
Cl− ion origins in reinforced concrete lead to different values of corrosion thresholds. The passive layer behaves like a physicochemical barrier, and corrosion occurs at higher NaCl concentration thresholds. The formed passive film on the steel surface shows differences in the chemical composition and the morphology. The results show a rich presence of hematite. Maghemite, lepidocrocite, akaganeite and goethite are also present in much lower concentrations. The Cl− ion presence in fresh concrete at the beginning of the manufacture harms the good formation and the good stability of these oxides, leading to corrosion initiation.

Originality/value
This study contributes to a better understanding of the passive layer role, not only in reducing the corrosion rate value but also in reconsidering new Cl− ion corrosion threshold values.
Open innovation in the public sector
Authors: Venturini Karen , Verbano Chiara 
Published: September 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to verify and improve the framework assessing the evolution and importance of the technological, human, social and financial resources of an Indian research-based spin-off (RBSO) throughout its four stages of development by Vohoraet al.(2004).Design/methodology/approachThe open innovation (OI) phenomenon is spreading among public organizations. One of the OI practices used by the public research centers to market their technologies is to set up new business entities called RBSOs. Many studies have focused on spin-offs but there are still some gaps. To overcome the existing limitations, the authors built a framework which they tested on three previous case studies.FindingsThe results obtained show how a parent organization and its incubator can play fundamental roles in creating and developing a successful RBSO. This is done by supplying managerial staff and providing access to skills, funds and other material and immaterial resources.Research limitations/implicationsThe limitations of this study are related to the sectoral and geopolitical factors of the single case analyzed. For this reason, the observations that emerge should be supported by other empirical analyses.Originality/valueThe findings of this study can offer a better understanding of the spin-off life to managers, researchers, public organizations and government agencies. They can learn how to improve policies and practices of technology transfer and strengthen the national industrial system.
A numerical study of the axisymmetric rotational stagnation point flow impinging radially a permeable stretching/shrinking surface in a nanofluid
Authors: Roşca Natalia C. , Pop Ioan 
Published: September 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to analyze numerically the steady axisymmetric rotational stagnation point flow impinging on a radially permeable stretching/shrinking sheet in a nanofluid.Design/methodology/approachSimilarity transformation is used to convert the system of partial differential equations into a system of ordinary (similarity) differential equations. This system is then reduced to a system of first-order differential equations and solved numerically using the bvp4c function in MATLAB software.FindingsDual solutions exist when the surface is stretched, as well as when the surface is shrunk. For these solutions, a stability analysis is carried out revealing that the first solution (upper branch) is stable and physically realizable, while the second solution (lower branch) is unstable and therefore not physically realizable.Originality/valueThe present results are original and new for the study of fluid flow and heat transfer over a stretching/shrinking surface, as they successfully extend the problem considered by Weidman (2016) to the case of nanofluids.
Policies and mechanisms to address climate-induced migration and displacement in Pacific and Caribbean small island developing states
Authors: Thomas Adelle , Benjamin Lisa 
Published: September 2017

PurposeThis study aims to assess policies and mechanisms in Caribbean and Pacific small island developing states (SIDS) that address climate-induced migration and displacement. The migration of communities away from vulnerable regions is highly likely to be an adaptation strategy used in low-elevation SIDS, as the impacts of climate change are likely to result in significant loss and damage, threatening their very territorial existence. SIDS must ensure that residents relocate to less vulnerable locations and may need to consider international movement of residents.Ad hocapproaches to migration and displacement may result in increased vulnerability of residents, making the development and enforcement of comprehensive national policies that address these issues a necessity.Design/methodology/approachInterviews with United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) negotiators for SIDS as well as analysis of secondary data, including Intended Nationally Determined Contributions, are utilized to determine policies and mechanisms in place that focus on climate-induced migration and displacement.FindingsWhile climate change is acknowledged as an existential threat, few SIDS have policies or mechanisms in place to guide climate-induced migration and displacement. Potential exists for migration and displacement to be included in policies that integrate disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation along with national sustainable development plans. Regional bodies are beneficial to providing guidance to SIDS in the development of nationally appropriate frameworks to address climate-induced migration and displacement.Originality/valueExisting gaps in policies and mechanisms and challenges faced by SIDS in developing strategies to address climate-induced migration and displacement are explored. Best practices and recommendations for strategies for SIDS to address migration and displacement are provided.
Role of integration-segmentation on work-family interface of insurance sector employees in India
Authors: Padhi Mousumi , Pattnaik Snigdha 
Published: September 2017

Purpose
Researchers have used different approaches to understand how individuals combine work with family, one being boundary and transition management. However, very few studies have focussed on empirically examining the role of individual boundary management style on work-family experience. The purpose of this paper is to fill this gap by examining the role of integration-segmentation on work-family conflict (WFC) and work-family enrichment (WFE). Two secondary purposes are to explore gender differences in work-family experiences and to examine the relationship between WFC and WFE.

Design/methodology/approach
The predictor variable in the primary study is integration (with two levels segmented and integrated). Different measures of WFC and WFE are criterion variables. Survey method was used to collect data from 156 life insurance professionals including 64 women employees in India. The average age of the sample is 35 years (SD=6.56). Boundary strategy of integration or segmentation between work and family is determined by measuring similarity in resource priority between work and family. Median split technique is used to delineate the groups.

Findings
The study has three key findings: employees with integrated boundary strategy report greater levels of both WFC and WFE; no gender differences exist in the experience of WFC and WFE; and WFC and WFE were found to be unrelated to each other.

Originality/value
The paper empirically studies the role of boundaries on WFC and WFE of insurance employees. It is a response to researchers’ call to integrate boundary theory with spillover theory and examine the role of integration-segmentation.
Leveraging ambitions and barriers: Glasgow universities and the 2014 Commonwealth Games
Authors: Kennelly Millicent , Corbett Halley , Toohey Kristine 
Published: September 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate why and how universities in the Glasgow region sought to leverage the 2014 Commonwealth Games to achieve their own benefits.

Design/methodology/approach
An in-depth qualitative case study, utilising documentary evidence and in-depth interviews, was employed to examine how Glasgow universities leveraged the Games, and the outcomes they sought.

Findings
Universities sought to leverage the 2014 Commonwealth Games to garner a range of benefits, including increased brand awareness, student and staff development opportunities, new or improved infrastructure, and strengthened stakeholder relationships. Leveraging strategies included developing relationships with other Games’ stakeholders to establish and participate in collaborations, committees, and research consortia, hosting ancillary events, and hosting teams on training camps. However, data revealed substantial barriers to effective leveraging, such as insufficient resourcing and lack of leadership, and consequently several interviewees conveyed a sense of missed opportunities.

Practical implications
The results can inform universities located in host regions about the opportunities and challenges to strategically leveraging an event. Also, if event organisations understand the leveraging ambitions of event stakeholders, such as universities, they can better facilitate and manage their relationships with such stakeholders to maximise event benefits in the host region.

Originality/value
This research considers the leveraging activities of a previously un-researched event stakeholder group (universities) that have the potential to deliver benefits that reach students, staff, and industry interest groups in event host communities. The knowledge contributed could aid universities in future event host regions to strategically leverage to maximise the benefits of major sport events.
A bird without wings
Authors: Smith Rebecca G. , Lee Joseph Tse-Hei 
Published: September 2017

Purpose
The five-decade-long Chinese colonialization of Tibet has led to a refugee flow. No longer confined to the Tibetan Plateau, Tibetans are scattered over the world, placing deep roots in host nations, in cities stretching from Oslo to New York City. Faced with new ideas, cultures and ways of life, diasporic Tibetans confront the same challenges as countless refugees before them. The purpose of this study is to investigate the efforts of Tibetan New Yorkers to preserve their language and culture. To what extent should they integrate themselves into host countries? What mechanisms could they use to hold onto their native heritage without isolating themselves in a foreign environment? How should they construct new diasporic identities and reconcile such efforts with their ongoing political struggles?

Design/methodology/approach
This paper draws on documentary sources and interviews to examine the ways in which diasporic Tibetans understood and portrayed the conventional categories of language, cultural heritage and religion, especially with respect to the Tibetan Government-in-exile in India, and in which they maintained and reinvented their linguistic and cultural heritage in the cosmopolitan environment of New York City.

Findings
There is a gradual process of identity formation among Tibetan New Yorkers. While exiled Tibetans are asserting their agency to reinvent a new sense of belonging to America, they still hold onto the regional identity of their family households. Meanwhile, the US-born younger generations strengthen their ties with the larger Tibetan diaspora through community events, socio-cultural activism and electronic media.

Research limitations/implications
Despite the small sample size, this study presents the first investigation of the Tibetan New Yorkers, and it provides an insider’s perspective on the efforts to preserve their native heritage in a globalized environment.

Practical implications
This study is a useful case study of the Tibetan diasporas in comparison with other Chinese diasporas in the West and beyond.

Originality/value
This study is the first scholarly investigation of the sociocultural experiences of Tibetan New Yorkers.