bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genome‐wide association analysis identifies the genetic basis of fat deposition in the tails of sheep (Ovis aries)
Authors: Xu S.‐S. , Ren X. , Yang G.‐L. , Xie X.‐L. , Zhao Y.‐X. , Zhang M. , Shen Z.‐Q. , Ren Y.‐L. , Gao L. , Shen M. , Kantanen J. , Li M.‐H. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryFat‐tailed sheep (Ovis aries) can survive in harsh environments and satisfy human's intake of dietary fat. However, the animals require more feed, which increases the cost of farming. Thus, most farmers currently prefer thin‐tailed, short‐tailed or docked sheep. To date, the molecular mechanism of the formation of fat tails in sheep has not been completely elucidated. Here, we conducted a genome‐wide association study using phenotypes and genotypes (the Ovine Infinium HD SNP BeadChip genotype data) of two breeds of contrasting tail types (78 Small‐tailed and 78 Large‐tailed Han sheep breeds) to identify functional genes and variants associated with fat deposition. We identified four significantly (rs416433540, rs409848439, rs408118325 and rs402128848) and three approximately associated autosomal SNPs (rs401248376, rs402445895 and rs416201901). Gene annotation indicated that the surrounding genes (CREB1, STEAP4, CTBP1 and RIP140, also known as NRIP1) function in lipid storage or fat cell regulation. Furthermore, through an X‐chromosome‐wide association analysis, we detected significantly associated SNPs in the OARX: 88–89 Mb region, which could be a strong candidate genomic region for fat deposition in tails of sheep. Our results represent a new genomic resource for sheep genetics and breeding. In addition, the findings provide novel insights into genetic mechanisms of fat deposition in the tail of sheep and other mammals.
Fibre Dissection and Sectional Study of the Major Porcine Cerebral White Matter Tracts
Authors: Pascalau R. , Szabo B. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryWhite matter anatomy is the basis for numerous applications in neurology, neurosurgery and fundamental neuroscience. Although the porcine brain is frequently used as experimental model in these fields of research, the description of its white matter is not as thorough as in the human brain or other species. Thus, the aim of this study is to describe the porcine white matter tracts in a complex manner. Two stepwise dissection protocols adapted from human anatomy were performed on six adult pig brain hemispheres prepared according to the Klingler method. Other four hemispheres were sectioned along section planes that were chosen similar to the Talairach coordinate system. As a result, three commissural tracts, seven association tracts and one projection tract were identified: corpus callosum, fornix, commissura rostralis, the short‐association tracts, fasciculus longitudinalis superior, fasciculus uncinatus, fasciculus longitudinalis inferior, fasciculus occipitofrontalis inferior, cingulum, tractus mamillothalamicus and capsula interna. They were described and illustrated from multiple points of view, focusing on their trajectory, position, dimensions and anatomical relations. All in all, we achieved a three‐dimensional understanding of the major tracts. The results are ready to be applied in future imagistic or experimental studies.
Anterior Femoral Bow and Possible Effect on the Stifle Joint: A Comparison between Humans and Dogs
Authors: Ocal M. K. , Sabanci S. S. , Cobanoglu M. , Enercan M. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryThe aim of the study was to compare the anterior bow of the femur between dogs and humans in terms of the possible impact on the stifle joint. The femoral radiographs obtained retrospectively were used to determine the angles and positions of the anterior bow in both dogs (n = 135) and humans (n = 57). Descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation analysis were used for the statistical analyses of the variables. The mean anterior bow angle (ABA) was 18.3 ± 2.02° and 4.88 ± 1.24° in dogs and humans, respectively. The bow position was at the distal shaft in dogs (64.9 ± 2.04%) and almost at the mid‐shaft of the bone (46.5 ± 5.52%) in humans. The ABA was related to the bow position in both humans and dogs. Additionally, the angle correlated with age in humans, while it was correlated with weight and breed in dogs. In conclusion, it is suggested that the anterior bow should be used as a landmark on the femoral axis for the biomechanical research of stifle joint, and dog stifle could be used as a suitable model for human knee in experimental studies for clinicians, while making sure that ethical principles are fully respected.
Prevalence and predictors of substance use disorders among homeless women seeking primary care: An 11 site survey
Authors: Upshur Carole Christofk , Jenkins Darlene , Weinreb Linda , Gelberg Lillian , Orvek Elizabeth Aaker 
Published: July 2017

Background and ObjectivesHomeless women have shown high rates of substance use disorders (SUD), but many studies are more than a decade old, limited in geographic location, or focus only on women living outdoors or in shelters. The purpose of this study was to obtain a more current and representative sample of homeless women and the prevalence and predictors of substance use disorders among women seeking primary care at Health Care for the Homeless clinics across the US.MethodsEleven Health Care for the Homeless (HCH) clinics in nine states contributed proportionally to a sample of n = 780 female patients who completed a self‐administered survey including demographics, housing history, health, mental health, and drug and alcohol use.ResultsCompared to the general population of women, rates were four times higher for an alcohol use disorder, and 12 times higher for a drug use disorder.Discussion and ConclusionsThe findings indicate a significant need for SUD services, with an equally high need for mental health services. In addition, high rates of victimization and use of tobacco, and overall poor health status, indicate overall health disparities.Scientific SignificanceAddressing barriers to full integration of substance use and mental health services, such as improving screening, reimbursement, clinician training, and addressing biases about motivation of this population to engage in treatment, are necessary to improve the health of women seeking care in HCH settings. (Am J Addict 2017;26:680–688)
The impact after 50 years of a new medical education programme with a regional workforce mission
Authors: Hays Richard , Bowles Sarah , Brown Terry , Lawler Anthony , Vickers James 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundTasmania established its medical programme in 1965 to produce graduates to address medical workforce recruitment challenges. Many Tasmanian graduates work in Tasmania, but workforce problems continue. This paper reports the workforce outcomes of the first 42 graduating cohorts.MethodsA database for all University of Tasmania medical graduates from the years 1970 to 2011 was developed by combining information from university, registration and local workforce survey databases.ResultsA total of 2012 doctors graduated from 1971 to 2011 and 1707 (85%) were registered, most commonly in general practice (45.8%), medicine (13%), anaesthetics (7.9%), surgery (7.5%), psychiatry (4.3%), emergency medicine (35, 3.5%), paediatrics (3.4%) and pathology (3.3%). While 41.9% worked in Tasmania, they comprised 35.6% of the local workforce and were clustered around the two larger cities. The proportion entering general practice has fallen since 1980s.DiscussionThe contribution of the Tasmanian medical programme is substantial but appears less than other regional medical schools. Relatively few work in smaller communities, particularly in specialties other than general practice. Lifestyle choices and the availability of training opportunities and career positions might be contributing factors. The medical school has established clinical schools in rural communities, promoted admission of rural applicants and increased rural clinical placement opportunities, with some early signs of success.ConclusionThe Tasmanian medical programme is important in this regional, island economy, but the rural and remote communities have not benefited as much as the two larger cities. Sustaining a regional workforce mission over time might require frequent adjustments to admissions and curriculum processes.
Vascular and metabolic comorbidities in open‐angle glaucoma with low‐ and high‐teen intraocular pressure: a cross‐sectional study from South Korea
Authors: Lee Si Hyung , Kim Gyu Ah , Lee Wonseok , Bae Hyoung Won , Seong Gong Je , Kim Chan Yun 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPurposeTo assess the associations between vascular and metabolic comorbidities and the prevalence of open‐angle glaucoma (OAG) with low‐teen and high‐teen intraocular pressure (IOP) in Korea.MethodsCross‐sectional data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2008 to 2012 were analysed. Participants diagnosed with OAG with normal IOP were further classified into low‐teen IOP (IOP ≤ 15 mmHg) and high‐teen IOP (15 mmHg < IOP ≤ 21 mmHg) groups. Using multiple logistic regression analyses, the associations between vascular and metabolic comorbidities and the prevalence of glaucoma were investigated for the low‐ and high‐teen IOP groups.ResultsThe prevalences of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, ischaemic heart disease, stroke and metabolic syndrome were significantly higher among subjects with low‐teen OAG compared with normal subjects, while only the prevalences of hypertension and stroke were higher among subjects with high‐teen OAG compared with normal subjects. In multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for confounding factors, low‐teen OAG was significantly associated with hypertension (OR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.30–2.18), hyperlipidemia (OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.07–2.08), ischaemic heart disease (OR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.07–3.11), stroke (OR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.12–3.25) and metabolic syndrome (OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.12–1.90). High‐teen OAG was only associated with stroke (OR, 2.58; 95% CI, 1.20–5.53).ConclusionVarious vascular and metabolic comorbidities were significantly associated with low‐teen OAG, but not with high‐teen OAG. These data support the hypothesis that vascular factors play a more significant role in the pathogenesis of OAG with low‐teen baseline IOP.
Psychometric properties of the Malay Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire: Measurement invariance and latent mean comparisons in Malaysian adults
Authors: Barron David , Morgan Kevin D. , Towell Tony , Jaafar Jas L. , Swami Viren 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIntroductionThe Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) is a widely used self‐report measurement instrument for the assessment of schizotypal personality traits. However, the factor structure of the SPQ has been a matter of some debate. As a contribution to this debate, we examined the factor structure of the SPQ in Malaysian adults.MethodA total of 382 Malaysian adults completed a Malay translation of the SPQ. Confirmatory factory analysis was used to examine the fit of 3‐ and 4‐factor solutions for the higher‐order dimensionality of the SPQ. Ethnic invariance for the best‐fitting model was tested at the configural, metric, and scalar levels, and a multivariate analysis of variance was used to examine sex and ethnicity differences in domain scores.ResultsThe 4‐factor model provided a better fit to the data than did the 3‐factor model. The 4‐factor model also demonstrated partial measurement invariance across ethnic groups. Latent mean comparisons for sex and ethnicity revealed a number of significant differences for both factors, but effect sizes were small.DiscussionThe 4‐factor structure of the SPQ received confirmatory support and can be used in Malay‐speaking populations.
Letter: functional dyspepsia is associated with duodenal eosinophilia in an Australian paediatric cohort—methodological issues to avoid misinterpretation
Authors: Safiri S. , Ayubi E. 
Published: July 2017

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Wauters et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14045 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14178.
Laparoscopic total gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer in a patient with situs inversus totalis
Authors: Shibata Kengo , Kawamura Hideki , Ichikawa Nobuki , Shibuya Kazuaki , Yoshida Tadashi , Ohno Yosuke , Homma Shigenori , Taketomi Akinobu 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSitus inversus totalis (SIT) is a rare congenital anomaly. Generally, laparoscopic surgery is difficult to perform in patients with SIT because of both the potential challenges associated with unexpected vascular anomalies and the lack of standardized strategy for handling such cases. This is the first report of laparoscopic total gastrectomy with lymph node dissection for advanced gastric cancer in a patient with SIT. A 79‐year‐old man with SIT was diagnosed with advanced gastric cancer. We performed laparoscopic total gastrectomy with modified D2 lymph node dissection (D2 without splenectomy) and esophagojejunal anastomosis using an overlap method involving retrocolic Roux‐en‐Y reconstruction. The total operating time was 232 min, and blood loss was 110 mL. There were no postoperative complications. In summary, laparoscopic total gastrectomy for gastric cancer can be performed safely, even in a patient with SIT.
Expression level of the cytochrome P450c21 (CYP21) protein correlating to drip loss in pigs
Authors: Kaewkot Aungsuma , Boonkaewwan Chaiwat , Noosud Jatuporn , Kayan Autchara 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDrip loss is an important meat quality trait of fresh meat affecting economic losses. The cytochrome P450c21 (CYP21) protein has a role on cortisol production and depends on stress. This might affect meat quality. The present study aimed to investigate the expression of CYP21 protein in correlation with drip loss. The samples were taken from the Longissimus dorsi muscle to evaluate drip loss (n = 300). Five muscles per group (low and high drip loss) were selected to evaluate CYP21 protein expression levels. Statistical analysis revealed that CYP21 protein expression levels were significantly difference between the drip loss groups. The high drip loss group had higher CYP21 protein expression levels than the low drip loss group (P < 0.05). Moreover, the high drip loss group had higher optical density values of the CYP21 protein band than the low drip loss group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the expression of CYP21 protein will provide the basis for information and better understanding of the mechanisms related to drip loss in pork. Further study is warranted to validate these results in other populations.
Elotuzumab plus lenalidomide/dexamethasone for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma: ELOQUENT‐2 follow‐up and post‐hoc analyses on progression‐free survival and tumour growth
Authors: Dimopoulos Meletios A. , Lonial Sagar , White Darrell , Moreau Philippe , Palumbo Antonio , San‐Miguel Jesus , Shpilberg Ofer , Anderson Kenneth , Grosicki Sebastian , Spicka Ivan , Walter‐Croneck Adam , Magen Hila , Mateos Maria‐Victoria , Belch Andrew , Reece Donna , Beksac Meral , Bleickardt Eric , Poulart Valerie , Sheng Jennifer , Sy Oumar , Katz Jessica , Singhal Anil , Richardson Paul 
Published: July 2017

SummaryThe randomized phase III ELOQUENT‐2 study (NCT01239797) evaluated the efficacy and safety of elotuzumab + lenalidomide/dexamethasone (ELd) versus lenalidomide/dexamethasone (Ld) in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. ELd reduced the risk of disease progression/death by 30% versus Ld (hazard ratio [HR] 0·70). Median time from diagnosis was 3·5 years. We present extended 3‐year follow‐up data. Endpoints included progression‐free survival (PFS), overall response rate (ORR) and interim overall survival (OS). Exploratory post‐hoc analyses included impact of time from diagnosis and prior lines of therapy on PFS, and serum M‐protein dynamic modelling. ORR was 79% (ELd) and 66% (Ld) (P = 0·0002). ELd reduced the risk of disease progression/death by 27% versus Ld (HR 0·73; P = 0·0014). Interim OS demonstrated a trend in favour of ELd (P = 0·0257); 1‐, 2‐ and 3‐year rates with ELd versus Ld were: 91% versus 83%, 73% versus 69% and 60% versus 53%. In patients with ≥ median time from diagnosis and one prior therapy, ELd resulted in a 53% reduction in the risk of progression/death versus Ld (HR 0·47). Serum M‐protein dynamic modelling showed slower tumour regrowth with ELd. Adverse events were comparable between arms. ELd provided a durable and clinically relevant improvement in efficacy, with minimal incremental toxicity.
Guidelines for the use of imaging in the management of patients with myeloma
Authors: Chantry Andrew , Kazmi Majid , Barrington Sally , Goh Vicky , Mulholland Nicola , Streetly Matthew , Lai Maggie , Pratt Guy ,   the British Society for Haematology Guidelines
Published: July 2017

SummaryThe role of imaging in myeloma has gained increasing importance over the past few years. The recently revised definition of myeloma from the International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) includes cross sectional imaging as a method to define bone disease and also incorporates its use in the disease definition for patients with suspected smouldering myeloma. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence myeloma guidelines also recommend cross sectional imaging for patients with suspected myeloma. There is also increasing use of imaging in disease assessments and the International Myeloma Working Group has recently incorporated imaging in defining new response categories of minimal residual disease negativity, with or without imaging‐based evidence of disease. Plain X‐rays have previously been the standard imaging modality included in a myeloma work up at presentation but evidence is mounting for use of cross‐sectional modalities such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 18fluoro‐deoxyglucose (18F‐FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/CT. Funding and therefore availability of newer imaging techniques remains a barrier. Here, we propose an evidence‐based approach to the use and technical application of the latest imaging modalities at diagnosis and in the follow‐up of patients with myeloma and plasmacytoma.
Bone marrow biopsies do not impact response assessment for follicular lymphoma patients treated on clinical trials
Authors: Rutherford Sarah C. , Li Valery , Ghione Paola , Chen Zhengming , Martin Peter , Leonard John P. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryClinical trials enrolling follicular lymphoma (FL) patients typically require bone marrow biopsies (BMBs) at baseline and at a subsequent point if complete response is achieved. These procedures are painful, take time and add cost. We hypothesized that BMBs do not provide information significant for response assessment in most follicular lymphoma patients on clinical trials. We identified 99 patients treated on clinical trials for follicular lymphoma between 2000 and 2016. BMBs resulted in a possible response assessment change in 1·0% of patients (95% confidence interval: 0·0–5·5%). We conclude that mandatory BMBs at baseline and for response assessment are unnecessary in clinical trials for follicular lymphoma.
Collective Bargaining and Technological Investment: The Case of Nurses’ Unions and the Transition from Paper‐Based to Electronic Health Records
Authors: Litwin Adam Seth 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDoes the presence of a unionized nursing workforce retard US hospitals’ transition from paper‐based to electronic health records (EHRs)? After tying archival data on hospitals’ structural features and health information technology (IT) investment patterns to self‐gathered data on unionism, I find that hospitals that bargain collectively with their registered nurses (RNs) appear to delay or forego the transition away from paper, consistent with existing theory and research in industrial relations and institutional economics. However, this relationship is fully mediated by a hospital's payer mix: those serving a larger share of less lucrative, elderly, disabled and indigent patients are more likely to adopt EHRs if they are unionized than if they are not, a result that holds even at the median payer mix. Indeed, this accords with research on the interplay of labour and technology as the aforementioned dynamics are driven entirely by RN‐exclusive bargaining units for whom the new IT serves as a complement rather than as a substitute in production. Given the outsized role that unions play in the US healthcare sector, the overall sluggish performance of the sector, and the expectations that policymakers have for EHRs, evidence that these unions are welfare‐enhancing should be welcome news.
Modeling the Early Language Trajectory of Language Development When the Measures Change and Its Relation to Poor Reading Comprehension
Authors: Petscher Yaacov , Justice Laura M. , Hogan Tiffany 
Published: July 2017

This study examined change in early language comprehension from 15 to 54 months for fifth‐grade typical readers (n = 35), poor decoders (n = 11), or poor comprehenders (n = 16) from a nationally representative study of early child‐care experiences. Changing measures of language comprehension were captured across early childhood for the 62 children. Multiple‐group quasi‐simplex and latent growth models were used on rank‐transformed outcomes to examine children's relative rank change. Results showed that future poor comprehenders significantly declined in language comprehension over time relative to others who gradually improved. Efforts to improve language skills as a means to improve reading comprehension hinge upon the perspective that language weaknesses are a causal contributor to reading difficulties.
Nerve growth factor regulation and production by macrophages in osteoarthritic synovium
Authors: Takano S , Uchida K , Inoue G , Miyagi M , Aikawa J , Iwase D , Iwabuchi K , Matsumoto T , Satoh M , Mukai M , Minatani A , Takaso M 
Published: July 2017

Summary
Nerve growth factor (NGF) functions to modulate osteoarthritis (OA)-associated pain. Although recent studies suggest that tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β mediate NGF activity in human synovial fibroblasts, the regulation of NGF expression in human synovial macrophages remains unclear. Here, we examined the role of macrophages in the production and regulation of synovial (SYN) NGF in osteoarthritic knee joints by examining the mRNA expression of TNF-α and IL-1β in freshly isolated CD14-positive (macrophage-rich fraction) and CD14-negative cells (fibroblast-rich fraction) in synovial tissue from OA patients by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. We also examined the effects of IL-1β and TNF-α on NGF mRNA expression in cultured CD14-positive (macrophage-rich fraction) and CD14-negative cells (fibroblast-rich fraction). In addition, to examine the contribution of macrophages to NGF, TNF-α and IL-1β expression, we injected clodronate liposomes systemically into STR/Ort mice, an osteoarthritis animal model, to deplete macrophages. TNF-α and IL-1β mRNA levels in CD14-positive cells from the SYN of OA patients was significantly higher than that in CD14-negative cells, while NGF expression did not differ markedly between the two cell fractions. In addition, treatment of human cultured CD14-positive and -negative cells with IL-1β and TNF-α enhanced NGF mRNA and protein levels. Expression of NGF, IL-1β and TNF-α was also reduced significantly in STR/Ort mice upon macrophage depletion. These findings suggest that IL-1β and TNF-α regulate NGF expression and production in synovial macrophages and fibroblasts in osteoarthritic joints.