bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thinking about National Standards in Science Education
Authors: Milne Catherine 
Published: January 2018

In this paper I present a critical reflection on the rationale and history of the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS), which has sometimes been presented as the US version of a vision for a standardized science curriculum. I explore how the monograph, The Framework for K-12 Science Education, established the groundwork for the Next Generation Science Standards. I argue that crisis narratives often drive the arguments for standardization but in the US there was also an argument of the need to build a level of national uniformity in the content and practices that are presented to students as a tool for ensuring that children and youth have equitable access to important knowledge. However, at the same time educators have a responsibility for ensuring that homogenization achieved through standards does not enshrine the very inequities and ideologies public education seeks to change.
Wettbewerbsstrategien (Essay)
Authors: Hostettler Martin 
Published: January 2018

Competitive strategy (essay)
A well constructed competitive strategy makes a significant contribution to the economic success of a forest enterprise. The essay introduces Porter's analysis of competitive strategy (1980), in the context of a short description of the forest economy. Three basic competitive strategies, one focused on expenses and two on income, are presented and applied to the classical output groups of the forest economy – wood, protection from natural risks, protection of nature, leisure and recreation. The expense-focused strategy aims at reducing own costs. The first income-focused strategy looks for products or services for which the client is prepared to pay significantly more than at present. The second income-focused strategy develops areas of activity by which the forest enterprise can avoid competition and supply products or services which the client must buy from it. In this way, the forest enterprise can claim a larger share of the exchange surplus for itself. However, some of the outputs of the forest enterprise are more suited than others for this strategy.
Un ordre économique sans machine ?
Authors: Perrin Cédric 
Published: January 2018

Confronté à l’industrialisation des économies européennes, l’artisanat a pu apparaître comme un ordre économique sans machine. Or, cette identification à un travail purement manuel pose problème et elle interroge sur les façons dont l’artisanat a été pensé. L’article montre d’abord qu’il s’agit d’une construction sociopolitique fondée sur un rejet de la modernité. Celle-ci a fait obstacle à la compréhension des dynamiques qui ont travaillé ce secteur de l’économie française au xx e siècle. En effet, les machines ont bien pénétré dans l’artisanat et la question est bien davantage de savoir comment s’est opérée cette mutation, avec quels moyens, quels obstacles… Enfin, l’introduction des machines a transformé les modes opératoires du travail artisanal, mais en suivant des relations complexes dans lesquelles l’artisan transforme également les machines et produit son propre rapport à la machine.
Le djihadisme en France : esquisse de typologie
Authors: Hecker Marc 
Published: January 2018

Marc Hecker, docteur en science politique, est chercheur au Centre des études de sécurité de l’Institut français des relations internationales (Ifri). Il est par ailleurs directeur des publications de l’Ifri et rédacteur en chef de la revue Politique étrangère. Il est chargé du cours « Terrorisme et guerres asymétriques » à Sciences Po.
Fatal Exertional Heat Stroke and American Football Players: The Need for Regional Heat-Safety Guidelines
Authors: Grundstein Andrew J. , Hosokawa Yuri , Casa Douglas J. 
Published: January 2018

Context:
Weather-based activity modification in athletics is an important way to minimize heat illnesses. However, many commonly used heat-safety guidelines include a uniform set of heat-stress thresholds that do not account for geographic differences in acclimatization.

Objective:
To determine if heat-related fatalities among American football players occurred on days with unusually stressful weather conditions based on the local climate and to assess the need for regional heat-safety guidelines.

Design:
Cross-sectional study.

Setting:
Data from incidents of fatal exertional heat stroke (EHS) in American football players were obtained from the National Center for Catastrophic Sport Injury Research and the Korey Stringer Institute.

Patients or Other Participants:
Sixty-one American football players at all levels of competition with fatal EHSs from 1980 to 2014.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
We used the wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) and a z-score WBGT standardized to local climate conditions from 1991 to 2010 to assess the absolute and relative magnitudes of heat stress, respectively.

Results:
We observed a poleward decrease in exposure WBGTs during fatal EHSs. In milder climates, 80% of cases occurred at above-average WBGTs, and 50% occurred at WBGTs greater than 1 standard deviation from the long-term mean; however, in hotter climates, half of the cases occurred at near average or below average WBGTs.

Conclusions:
The combination of lower exposure WBGTs and frequent extreme climatic values in milder climates during fatal EHSs indicates the need for regional activity-modification guidelines with lower, climatically appropriate weather-based thresholds. Established activity-modification guidelines, such as those from the American College of Sports Medicine, work well in the hotter climates, such as the southern United States, where hot and humid weather conditions are common.
Statistical Primer for Athletic Trainers: The Essentials of Understanding Measures of Reliability and Minimal Important Change
Authors: Riemann Bryan L. , Lininger Monica R. 
Published: January 2018

Objective:
To describe the concepts of measurement reliability and minimal important change.

Background:
All measurements have some magnitude of error. Because clinical practice involves measurement, clinicians need to understand measurement reliability. The reliability of an instrument is integral in determining if a change in patient status is meaningful.

Description:
Measurement reliability is the extent to which a test result is consistent and free of error. Three perspectives of reliability—relative reliability, systematic bias, and absolute reliability—are often reported. However, absolute reliability statistics, such as the minimal detectable difference, are most relevant to clinicians because they provide an expected error estimate. The minimal important difference is the smallest change in a treatment outcome that the patient would identify as important.

Recommendations:
Clinicians should use absolute reliability characteristics, preferably the minimal detectable difference, to determine the extent of error around a patient's measurement. The minimal detectable difference, coupled with an appropriately estimated minimal important difference, can assist the practitioner in identifying clinically meaningful changes in patients.
Post-graduate scholars can publish Compended-Guides to the literature of their fields using Knowledge-Step Forums
Authors: Jewett Don L 
Published: January 2018

"Publication forms the core structure supporting the development and transmission of scientific knowledge" (Galbraith2015). Yet, with the WorldWideWeb a dominant part of current scientific publication and information-dissemination, internet "publication" is still paper-based in its style and methods, even when it uses a digital medium. Such a paper-based publishing "model" is NOT adequate for a Web-based world.
In 2006, an estimated 3,700 peer-reviewed scientific articles were published per day (Bjork2009)! This totals about 1.35 million articles per year. A similar estimate for 2011 was 1.8 million (Outsell2013), which is almost 5,000 per day. The total number of English-language scholarly documents accessible on the Web was estimated in 2014 to be at least 114 million (Khabsa2014). The methods and features described here are clearly needed now, and will be absolutely necessary in the future, when even more articles are available.
In this context of an overload of information from scientific articles, described here is the idea of Knowledge-Step Forums as the basis for creating new peer-reviewed, compended "Literature-Guides", each on a very narrow topic and in a MultiLevel Format (Knowledge-Step Compendia). A multitude of Forum-Compendors, who need not be a senior faculty member (as is the case in traditional literature-reviews), but can be pre-docs, post-docs, and senior medical/surgical residents, will be aided by their mentors and online experts to create these Knowledge-Step Compendia. All participants (students and faculty) will be motivated by their own self-interest and thus each gains from the activity, it being a means to self-organize groups of like-minded scholars that can be the basis for reviews of new data, discovering new ideas, and finding jobs.
The Software for Knowledge-Step Forums will also be useful to speed publication on the Web because it will easily support Publication Preprints with online "peer-review" comments.
Post-graduate scholars can publish Compended-Guides to the literature of their fields using Knowledge-Step Forums
Authors: Jewett Don L 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT "Publication forms the core structure supporting the development and transmission of scientific knowledge" (Galbraith2015). Yet, with the WorldWideWeb a dominant part of current scientific publication and information-dissemination, internet "publication" is still paper-based in its style and methods, even when it uses a digital medium. Such a paper-based publishing "model" is NOT adequate for a Web-based world.
In 2006, an estimated 3,700 peer-reviewed scientific articles were published per day (Bjork2009)! This totals about 1.35 million articles per year. A similar estimate for 2011 was 1.8 million (Outsell2013), which is almost 5,000 per day. The total number of English-language scholarly documents accessible on the Web was estimated in 2014 to be at least 114 million (Khabsa2014). The methods and features described here are clearly needed now, and will be absolutely necessary in the future, when even more articles are available.
In this context of an overload of information from scientific articles, described here is the idea of Knowledge-Step Forums as the basis for creating new peer-reviewed, compended "Literature-Guides", each on a very narrow topic and in a MultiLevel Format (Knowledge-Step Compendia). A multitude of Forum-Compendors, who need not be a senior faculty member (as is the case in traditional literature-reviews), but can be pre-docs, post-docs, and senior medical/surgical residents, will be aided by their mentors and online experts to create these Knowledge-Step Compendia. All participants (students and faculty) will be motivated by their own self-interest and thus each gains from the activity, it being a means to self-organize groups of like-minded scholars that can be the basis for reviews of new data, discovering new ideas, and finding jobs.
The Software for Knowledge-Step Forums will also be useful to speed publication on the Web because it will easily support Publication of Preprints with automatic collection of online "peer-review" comments.
Post-graduate scholars can publish Compended-Guides to the literature of their fields using Knowledge-Step Forums
Authors: Jewett Don L 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT
"Publication forms the core structure supporting the development and transmission of scientific knowledge" (Galbraith2015). Yet, with the WorldWideWeb a dominant part of current scientific publication and information-dissemination, internet "publication" is still paper-based in its style and methods, even when it uses a digital medium. Such a paper-based publishing "model" is NOT adequate for a Web-based world.
In 2006, an estimated 3,700 peer-reviewed scientific articles were published per day (Bjork2009)! This totals about 1.35 million articles per year. A similar estimate for 2011 was 1.8 million (Outsell2013), which is almost 5,000 per day. The total number of English-language scholarly documents accessible on the Web was estimated in 2014 to be at least 114 million (Khabsa2014). The methods and features described here are clearly needed now, and will be absolutely necessary in the future, when even more articles are available.
In this context of an overload of information from scientific articles, described here is the idea of Knowledge-Step Forums as the basis for creating new peer-reviewed, compended "Literature-Guides", each on a very narrow topic and in a MultiLevel Format (Knowledge-Step Compendia). A multitude of Forum-Compendors, who need not be a senior faculty member (as is the case in traditional literature-reviews), but can be pre-docs, post-docs, and senior medical/surgical residents, will be aided by their mentors and online experts to create these Knowledge-Step Compendia. All participants (students and faculty) will be motivated by their own self-interest and thus each gains from the activity, it being a means to self-organize groups of like-minded scholars that can be the basis for reviews of new data, discovering new ideas, and finding jobs.
The Software for Knowledge-Step Forums will also be useful to speed publication on the Web because it will easily support Publication of Preprints with automatic collection of online "peer-review" comments.
When scholars use Knowledge-Step Forums to create Web-Compended Guides to the literature of their fields, paradigm-shifts will occur in the processes of knowledge creation and in graduate education.
Authors: Jewett Don L 
Published: January 2018

"Publication forms the core structure supporting the development and transmission of scientific knowledge" (Galbraith2015). Yet, with the WorldWideWeb a dominant part of current scientific publication and information-dissemination, internet "publication" is still paper-based in its style and methods. As will become painfully obvious, such a paper-based "publishing model" is NOT adequate for a Web-based world.
Consider that in 2011, an estimated 5,000 peer-reviewed scientific articles were published per day (Outsell2013), and that in 2014 just the English-language scholarly publications on the Web were about 4,900 per day.
In 1980, the distinguished scientist Garrett Hardin wrote [Hardin1980]:"Who can keep up with such a torrent? When I was young and foolish I vowed that I would read all the articles in my small field of science. Discovering that this was impossible, I tried to read all the abstracts. That, too, proved too much. Now I know that I cannot even read all the titles."
To help reduce scholarly information-overload, this article proposes using Knowledge-Step Forums for the purpose of creating a new type scholarly publication, Web-based Compendia. Each Compendium is about a very narrow topic and is presented in a MultiLevel Format. When all these features are combined, the scholarly article is called a Knowledge-Step Compendium, and it is posted on the Web by the scholar, either on an institutional server, or on one of many web-hosting servers. Web-search engines will be automatically notified about the new posting (and later changes, too).
Forum-Compendors need not be a senior faculty member (as is the case in traditional literature-reviews), but can be pre-docs, post-docs, and senior medical/surgical residents. These graduate-students will be aided by their mentors and online experts to create these Knowledge-Step Compendia. All participants (students and faculty) will be motivated by their own self-interest and everyone gains from the activity, which self-organizes groups of like-minded scholars. Such groups can be the basis for early reviews of new data, for discovering new ideas, and for finding jobs.
Knowledge-Step Forums will speed publication on the Web because it will easily support Publication of Preprints using the software's automatic collection of online "peer-review" comments.
In order for the Internet to be an efficient searchable repository of current and developing knowledge, one additional feature will be needed: ForwardLinks must be available in any given publication to those articles that, in the future, cite the given publication, as fully described in a Supplement to this article. Open-source software for this functionality should be on all Web-servers that contain scholarly articles, so as to make the WWW a distributed web full of linkages, of both ForwardLinks and RetroLinks.
Post-graduate scholars can publish Compended-Guides to the literature of their field using Knowledge-Step-Forums
Authors: Jewett Don L 
Published: January 2018

"Publication forms the core structure supporting the development and transmission of scientific knowledge" (Galbraith2015). Yet, with the WorldWideWeb a dominant part of many activities, internet "publication" is still paper-based in its style and methods, even when it uses a digital medium. Such a paper-based publishing "model" is not adequate for a Web-based world!
In 2006, an estimated 3,700 peer-reviewed articles were published per day (Bjork2009)! As will become apparent, the methods and features described here are needed now, and will be absolutely necessary in the future, when even more articles are published.
A New Knowledge-Tool is proposed that is in addition to those already available. The new Knowledge-Tool is a new Literature-Guide called a "Knowledge-Step Compendium" which will be on a very-narrow topic, will be organized in a new MultiLevel-Format, and will be created in a Compending-Forum on the Internet.
This New Knowledge-Tool will, in turn, be the basis for a change in academic careers of the timing of when a scholar "Compends" Knowledge. A "Knowledge-Compendor" need not be a senior faculty member (as is the case in traditional literature-reviews), but can be a Post-Graduate Student new to a field. Because a Knowledge-Step Compendium is based on a very-narrow topic and created with the aid of an Internet Forum, for a Graduate Student Compendor this activity will be a means to self-organize groups of like-minded scholars that can be the basis for reviews of new data, discovering new ideas, and finding jobs.

To learn what these new names describe, read on.
An approach to cognitive evaluation using games on TV
Authors: Rivas Costa Carlos , Fernández Iglesias Manuel José , Anido Rifón Luis Eulogio , Gómez Carballa Miguel , Valladares Rodríguez Sonia 
Published: January 2018

Introduction: The recent advances in consumer electronics paved the way for new approaches to neurophysiological evaluation at home. More specifically, the computing capabilities of state-of-the-art television sets and media centres facilitate the introduction of computer-assisted evaluation at home. This approach helps to overcome the drawbacks of traditional pen-and-paper evaluations administered in clinical facilities, as they can be performed in a more comfortable environment, the subject’s home, and they are more flexible to elaborate complex environments for the evaluation of neuropsychological constructs that are difficult to evaluate through traditional testing. The objective of this work was to develop a collection of games to be played on the TV to obtain some initial evidence about the convenience of this approach for the cognitive evaluation of senior adults.
Materials and methods: We developed a collection of games to be deployed on a smart TV environment. These games were tried by a group of senior adults at their homes. Perception surveys were performed to study their usability and acceptability as a means for cognitive evaluation.
Results: More than 90% perceive cognitive games on TV as easy or very easy to interact with, and this result correlates with the number of participants perceiving them as usable or very usable.
Limitations: Although participating users were carefully selected to obtain a representative sample of the Galician population. A larger and more diverse user sample may be needed to obtain significant results for a wider population profile.
Conclusion: The study confirmed the usability and acceptance of games as a means of cognitive evaluation. Nevertheless, more research is needed in order to implement serious games in a way that they are widely accepted by the medical community as a valid, reliable way to perform cognitive evaluation at home.
The analysis of the canid mitochondrial genome studied in Morocco shows that it is neither wolf (Canis lupus) nor Eurasian jackal (Canis aureus)
Authors: Urios Moliner Vicente , Donat-Torres Maria P , Ramírez Castillo Carlos A , Monroy-Vilchis Octavio , Rguibi Idrissi Hamid 
Published: January 2018

The mitochondrial genome of three Moroccan canids has been analysed. Two of them complete and one partial. The sequences are included in GenBank with the accession number KT378605 (16721 bp), KT378606 (16734bp) and KT378607 (27809bp) Theses results have been compared with the results currently available in GenBank. In the phylogenetic analysis of the of cytochrome b regions and control region the three are grouped together with Canis lupus lupaster and the Senegalese golden jackal Canis aureus and separate from the wolf Canis lupus and the Eurasian golden jackal Canis aureus. The comparison of the complete mitochondrial genomes with Canis lupus confirms the distance between the two groups. We conclude that they belong to a different species to the wolf Canis lupus and the Eurasian golden jackal. We propose in agreement with (Koepfli et al., 2015) that it´s scientific name be Canis anthus by merit of being the name by which it was classified and published for the first time as a different species by Cuvier in 1824.
The preprint is a translation of a Spanish document published in Altorero journal on the 15th August 2015.