bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical Workload Generated by a Single-Visit Venous Clinic
Authors: Geyer M. , Stott P. M. , Harvey Angela , Corbett C. R. R. 
Published: January 2017

Objective: To determine the management of patients attending a single-visit venous clinic. Design: Observational study. Setting: District general hospital. Patients: Two hundred and sixty-nine patients who attended over 1 year. Intervention: Clinical assessment was carried out with continuous wave Doppler ultrasound examination in all cases and duplex ultrasound examination in selected patients, followed by standard appropriate management. Main outcome measures: Patients were classified according to their clinical status under the CEAP classification (clinical, aetiological, anatomical, pathophysiological). This was related to the chosen form of management (advice only, compression hosiery, compression bandaging, injection sclerotherapy, superficial venous surgery). Results: A much higher proportion of patients with mild or moderate disease (CEAP 2 or 3) undergo operation (109/146, 75%) than those with severe disease (CEAP 4–6), in whom operation is less often appropriate (37/106, 35%). Conclusions: Most of the operative workload is generated by patients with mild or moderate disease; patients with severe disease are more often treated conservatively.
Dose-Response Study of Human Growth Hormone in Venous Ulcers: Influence on Healing and Synthesis of Collagen Types I and III
Authors: Rasmussen L. H. , Avnstorp C. , Karlsmark T. , Peters K. , Hørslev-Petersen K. 
Published: January 2017

Objective: To investigate the dose-response effect of topical human growth hormone on healing and local collagen synthesis and to study procollagen propeptides as markers of healing in chronic venous ulcers. Design: Double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Setting: Multicentre study, University Hospitals of Copenhagen, Denmark. Patients: Eighty-seven patients with chronic venous ulcers. Interventions: Solutions of growth hormone (Norditropin), 0.17 IU/ml, 1 IU/ml and 11.2 IU/ml, 0.1 ml/cm2/day, or placebo (groups 1–4) was administered daily except weekends for 6 weeks. Main outcome measures: Healing rates evaluated as weekly ulcer area reduction and complete healing. Local collagen synthesis was evaluated by measurement of the propeptides of collagen types I and III (PICP and PIIINP) in wound washings twice weekly during the first 3 weeks. Results: No significant difference in ulcer area reduction between the groups was seen, although patients treated with 0.17 IU/ml healed faster than the other groups ( p = 0.14). Nine (45%), five (29%), seven (31%) and six (31%) ulcers in groups 1–4 respectively were healed at follow-up ( p = 0.06–0.1, log rank test). PICP and PIINP increased by 21.4% per week, (14.5–28% per week) and 20.2% per week, (12.2–28.2% per week) respectively compared with placebo, p < 0.05. Both PIIINP and PICP at 3 weeks correlated significantly with the healing rates, r = 0.44, p < 0.001 and r = 0.34, p < 0.005. Conclusion: The study failed to demonstrate a significant influence on healing, whereas collagen synthesis was stimulated dose-dependently by growth hormone. Procollagen propeptides are sensitive markers of growth hormone action and may be useful markers of healing in clinical investigations in chronic venous ulcers. Lower doses of growth hormone should be considered in future studies.
Duplex Ultrasound Scanning for Chronic Venous Disease: I. Techniques for Examination of the Crural Veins
Authors: Ziegenbein R. W. , Myers K. A. , Matthews P. G. , Zeng G. H. 
Published: January 2017

Objective: To describe a practical technique to reliably find and study crural veins by duplex ultrasound scanning. Design: Prospective scanning of patients referred for evaluation of possible chronic deep venous insufficiency. Setting: A non-invasive vascular diagnostic laboratory in Melbourne, Australia. Patients: A study of 1340 legs in 917 consecutive patients referred with primary or recurrent varicose veins, or for evaluation of possible deep venous disease causing aching or swelling in the legs. Interventions: Examination of the crural veins by duplex ultrasound scanning. Main outcome measure: Identification of all three sets of crural veins. Results: Rates for detecting the posterior tibial, anterior tibial and peroneal veins were 97%, 92% and 91% respectively and all three were observed in 91%. If the last 1227 legs studied by colour-Doppler duplex ultrasound are considered, the rates for detection were 98%, 96% and 96% respectively. Conclusion: Examination of the crural veins can be a part of routine duplex ultrasound scanning in patients referred with suspected venous disease.
Clinical Examination, Duplex Ultrasound and Plethysmography for Varicose Veins
Authors: Iafrati M. D. , O'Donnell T. F. , Kunkemueller A. , Belkin M. C. , Mackey W. C. 
Published: January 2017

Objective: In pursuing a policy of selective greater saphenous vein (GSV) preservation in the treatment of varicose veins we hypothesized that limbs with isolated tributary disease (TD) would be ideal candidates for GSV preservation. Design: Prospective blinded series. Setting: University teaching hospital. Patients: Fifty-nine symptomatic legs in 45 consecutive patients presenting with varicose veins. Interventions: Patients were evaluated by physical examination, quantitative photoplethysmography (QPG) and colour flow duplex examination. Main outcome measure: Colour flow duplex as the standard of comparison. Results: Of the limbs studied, 29% had isolated TD. The sensitivity of physical examination for GSV incompetence was 43%, but specificity was 100%. QPG yielded a similar sensitivity of 24% and specificity of 100%. Conclusions: Twenty-nine per cent of limbs were optimal candidates for sparing of the GSV with excision of branch varicosities alone. Duplex examination was necessary only when the GSV was clinically normal, and QPG was not helpful.
Four Years' Follow-up Results of Three Different Percutaneous Treatments for Male Varicocele
Authors: Pocek M. , Guazzaroni M. R. , Sodani G. , Guazzaroni M. N. , Cancellieri R. , Sakr A. M. A. , Simonetti G. 
Published: January 2017

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of three different interventional radiological procedures for the treatment of venous reflux in symptomatic male varicocele. Design: Prospective study with a 48-month colour duplex ultrasound (CD) follow-up. Setting: Department of Radiology, Tor Vergata University of Rome. Patients: From January 1991 to December 1993, 45 symptomatic patients with third- to fourth-degree varicocele, according to Sarteschi's CD classification, were randomly divided into three equal groups (15 patients each). Interventions: The first group received sclerotherapy (Athoxysclerol), the second underwent embolisation (Gianturco coils), while the third group received combined sclero–embolisation therapy (Athoxysclerol and Gianturco coils). Main outcomes measures: The frequency of recurrence for each procedure. Results: Two recurrences (13%) after 1 and 2 years occurred in patients who underwent sclerotherapy. In the embolisation group, two patients showed residual varices (13%). Neither recurrence nor residue was seen in the third group, who received combined therapy. Conclusions: Sclerotherapy provides good immediate results but drug dilution may cause a relapse shortly after treatment. Embolisation has a lower immediate success but better long-term success. Combined treatment provides the highest long-term success rate.
Does a Double Long Saphenous Vein Exist?
Authors: Ricci S. , Caggiati A. 
Published: January 2017

Background: The incidence of reduplication of the long saphenous vein (LSV) reported in the literature is highly variable, perhaps due to the lack of a clear definition. Objective: To use ultrasonography to re-evaluate the incidence of LSV reduplication in healthy subjects and Patients with varicose veins on the basis of a new definition of this anatomical aspect. Methods: The presence of two parallel superficial venous channels in the lower limb was sought in a series of 610 duplex ultrasound examinations. The LSV was identified, by the ‘eye’ sign, running deeply in the hypodermis, closely ensheathed by two hyperechogenic laminae (the saphenous compartment). Tributary veins were identified by their more superficial course, lying outside the compartment. True LSV reduplication was considered to be present when two venous channels were Present within the saphenous compartment. Results: True reduplication of the LSV is extremely rare (1%) and only affects a segment of vein. Large tributaries running parallel to the LSV do not comprise true reduplication, but may act as a ‘functional double vein’. Better understanding of the anatomy of the LSV may improve operative treatment for varicose veins and improve the use of saphenous veins as arterial grafts.
Venous Repair with Vascular Clips and Conventional Suture: A Comparative Experimental Study
Authors: Dimakakos P. B. , Pafiti-Kondi A. , Doufas A. , Kotsis Th. , Mourikis  , Rizos D. 
Published: January 2017

Objectives: The non-penetrating Vascular Clip System (VCS) was tested experimentally and compared with the conventional suture method on the venous system. Materials and Methods: In five pigs, 30 transverse venotomies were carried out in the jugular and renal veins, and vena cava. Fifteen venotomies were reconstructed using autosuture clips and 15 using the standard needle and suture method. Eight weeks later, following phlebography, the specimens were examined macro- and microscopically. Results: For both methods, the veins remained patent; however, significant stenosis of 8.9% (95% CI: 0.6–17.1) for the renal vein and 8.5% (95% CI: 1.2–15.7) for the vena cava occurred when the suture technique was used. The intima to media height ratio remained the same. The anastomosis time with the clips was significantly shorter ( p<0.05), while the endothelium remained intact without any hyperplasia or inflammatory changes, which are usual findings of the suture technique. Conclusion: Early and mid-term results show that the VCS clipped anastomotic technique seems to be effective and acceptable for venous reconstructions.
Interface Pressure under Elastic Stockings with Compression Pads during Posture Changes and Exercise
Authors: Hirai M. 
Published: January 2017

Objective: To quantify the influence of posture and exercise on the interface pressure obtained under elastic stockings with compression pads. Design: Interface pressure measurement and plethysmographic evaluation of elastic stockings with and without compression pads. Setting: Department of Surgery, Aichi Prefectural College of Nursing, Nagoya, Japan. Main outcome measures: Pressure measurements in 24 volunteers were obtained beneath elastic stockings, elastic bandages and short-stretch bandages during supine resting, standing, tip-toe exercise and walking, and the effect of elastic stockings on the muscle pump of the leg was evaluated by strain-gauge plethysmography in 40 limbs with varicose veins. Results: Without compression pads, only short-stretch bandages showed a significant increase in pressure during standing and exercise. When pads were used, however, elastic stockings and bandages also showed a significant increase. With pads, significant improvement in the expelled volume during exercise was observed by strain-gauge plethysmography. Conclusions: Interface pressure under elastic materials during posture and exercise is similar to that under short-stretch bandages when compression pads are used, and pads effectively augment the muscle pump.
Saphenous Venous Reflux Time is an Objective Assessment Tool That Relates to the Severity of Varicose Vein Symptoms
Authors: Elsharawy M. A. , Donaldson L. A. , Samy A. K. 
Published: January 2017

Aim: The severity of varicose vein symptoms is no more than a subjective assessment of the underlying disease. The aim of this study was to use an objective method for assessing the severity of the condition. Methods: We describe a test based on measuring the venous reflux time (VRT) using hand-held Doppler (HHD). To evaluate the efficiency of this test, a prospective study of 61 consecutive primary varicose vein patients with sapheno-femoral incompetence was carried out. Patients were scored preoperatively by a self-assessment questionnaire. The score was compared with the VRT of the same patients. Six months after surgery, a similar self-assessment questionnaire was sent to all patients. Results: The VRT was found to have a highly significant relationship to the preoperative score (ρ = 0.73, p=<0.001). It was also found that most of the patients with a low score of ≤ 3 had a VRT of ≤ 13 s whilst most with a high score of >3 had a VRT of >13 s (sensitivity 78%, specificity 100%, accuracy 84%, p=<0.0001). Only 41 patients responded to the postoperative questionnaire, giving symptom scores of 0 in 40 patients and a score of 1 in one patient. Conclusion: VRT is a simple, objective, non-invasive method of assessment of varicose veins, which relates strongly to the magnitude of the patients' symptoms.
Bioavailability and Biological Disposition of Methaqualone*
Authors: Smyth Robert D , Chemburkar Pramod B , Mathur P P , DeLong A F , Polk A , Shah P B , Joslin R S , Reavey-Cantwell N H 
Published: January 2017

The absorption of methaqualone from the gastro-intestinal tract is a dissolution—and not a permeability-rate limited process. Absorption from solution dosage forms can occur throughout the gastro-intestinal tract with maximum absorption from the intestine. Dissolution of solid dosage forms is favoured in the highly-acidic environment of the stomach and absorption of the in situ dissolved drug occurs in both stomach and upper small intestine. Methaqualone is found primarily in the plasma phase of whole blood and is highly bound to plasma proteins. The plasma elimination curve is biexponential with a rapid distributive phase and a slow elimination phase. The principle tissues of distribution are the metabolic and excretory tissues—liver and kidney — and lipid tissue. Metabolism occurs by hydroxylation of the methyl, tolyl and quinazolinone substituents via inducible hepatic microsomal oxidoreductases. Methaqualone is completely bio-transformed and excreted as O-glucuronide conjugates in urine and bile. Enterohepatic recirculation of metabolites occurs and is responsible for the prolonged urinary excretion profile. There is no change in absorption, distribution or elimination kinetics following chronic administration in man. Tablet and capsule formulations with good in vitro dissolution, stability and bioavailability characteristics were developed. Equivalent bioavailability of these tablet formulations was observed in the fasted and post-prandial state. Techniques were developed to correlate dissolution and absorption profiles of these formulations.
Does Mefenamic Acid Cure or Prevent Adjuvant Experimental Arthritis?
Authors: Bolosiu H D , Gligore V 
Published: January 2017

The anti-inflammatory activity of mefenamic acid was tested on rats with adjuvant induced experimental arthritis. Arthritis was induced by a single intradermal injection of complete Freund's adjuvant ( 0·625 mg dry weight of mycobacteria) in thirty rats weighing between 130 g and 165 g. The rats were then divided into three groups of ten: An untreated control group, Animals treated with mefenamic acid ( 50 mg/kg) starting on the fifth day after innoculation of the adjuvant, Animals in which treatment was commenced after the onset of arthritis. Results were assessed by clinical criteria (articular score and severity of arthritis). Statistical analysis of the results showed that mefenamic acid had some therapeutic effect in adjuvant arthritis although it did not prevent animals developing a moderate form of the disease.
A Multicentric Open Assessment of Fortagesic
Authors: Jaffe G , De Choisy J , Tyson V C H , Warnock J , Savage S J 
Published: January 2017

The trial described was a multicentric open assessment of Fortagesic over a four-week period in 265 patients suffering from osteoarthrosis. Over 80% had an improvement in their pain, and there was an overall improvement in sleep quality. During the first week 25% of patients complained of side-effects and this decreased steadily to 9% in the fourth week.
A Comparative Experimental Study of the Circulation of Amoxycillin and Penicillin G in the Cerebro-Spinal Fluid of Dogs as a Function of the Type of Intravenous Administration
Authors: Auvergnat J C 
Published: January 2017

The circulation of amoxycillin in the cerebrospinal fluid when the antibiotic is administered by the intravenous route has been investigated in dogs—animals generally used as the model for experimental meningitis—following two procedures: by rapid intravenous injection ( 1 g in 10 ml within one minute) or by slow intravenous infusion for one hour ( 1 g in 120 ml of isotonic glucose solution). Results were compared with those obtained with benzyl penicillin given by the same procedure and at an equivalent dose ( 1 g amoxycillin: 2 000 000 IU benzyl penicillin). Assays were carried out, in cerebrospinal fluid and blood, using the standard micro-biological technique. Comparison of the results obtained after the two procedures shows that after slow intravenous infusion, concentrations of the two antibiotics in cerebrospinal fluid and blood are higher after administration by slow infusion. Furthermore the concentrations of amoxycillin obtained in cerebrospinal fluid by slow infusion are significantly higher than those of penicillin; but in blood the reverse occurs. This study would suggest that amoxycillin possesses a greater ability to permeate into meningeal regions.
Effect of Intravenous Clomipramine (Anafranil) Treatment as Reflected in 16 PF Personality Test: (A Pilot Study)
Authors: Pinkava V , Micev V , Marshall W K 
Published: January 2017

Twenty-four patients suffering from phobic anxiety and obsessional symptoms (twelve male and twelve female) were treated with clomipramine infusions and their personality profiles assessed by means of 16 PF personality test, Form A and B before and after treatment. Evaluation of the data showed a very marked decrease of neuroticism in both the male and the female group. Whereas the females did not show any further significant changes on the 16 primary factors and the four second-order factors, the males appear as significantly changed in ‘cheerfulness’ (surgency) and ‘adventurous extraversion’ (parmia). An increase in B, intelligence score (ie actual performance) was also noticed in the male group, but this could be due to the effect of transferred practice. In addition to this, the males showed also an increase in extraversion which was not shown in the female group. The experiment shows that 16 PF will probably prove a useful method in assessment of the effect of clomipramine on patients with phobic anxiety.
A Study of the Effects of the Anti-Rheumatic Drug Ibuprofen (Brufen®) on Patients Being Treated with the Oral Anti-Coagulant Phenprocoumon (Marcoumar®)
Authors: Thilo D , Nyman D , Duckert F 
Published: January 2017

The effects of ibuprofen on various parameters relating to blood coagulation were studied in nineteen patients adequately anti-coagulated on a fixed dose of phenprocoumon. The patients were studied for a five-week period and they received a fixed dose of phenprocoumon throughout the whole five weeks. Ibuprofen, 200 mg three times daily was added during weeks three and four. The following tests were performed at weekly intervals; Prothrombin time (Quick), Factor II, Factor VII, Factor X, Ivy bleeding time and serum concentration of phenprocoumon. The results showed that in the dosage given, ibuprofen had no significant effect on any of the above tests. It is suggested that the administration of the anti-rheumatic drug, ibuprofen is safe during long-term oral anticoagulation therapy with phenprocoumon.
Influence of Ibuprofen on Oral Anti-Coagulation with Phenprocoumon
Authors: Boekhout-Mussert M J , Loeliger E A 
Published: January 2017

Twenty-four patients on long-term anti-coagulant treatment with phenprocoumon (Marcoumar®) took part in a study designed to investigate the possible interaction between phenprocoumon and ibuprofen (Brufen®). Prior to entry into the study, the anti-coagulant state of each patient was adequately controlled on a dose of phenprocoumon which remained unchanged throughout the study. Under double-blind conditions, half of the total number of patients received ibuprofen 600 mg a day in three divided doses for two weeks followed by two weeks without therapy; then two weeks of placebo, again followed by two weeks without therapy. The other patients received the drugs in the reverse order. The anti-coagulant state was measured using the Thrombotest, the results being expressed as a percentage of the normal. The results indicated that the effects of a fixed dose of phenprocoumon, as measured by the Thrombotest, did not alter significantly throughout the study, and no serious side-effects were noted. These findings suggest that in general, ibuprofen can safely be given to patients receiving oral anticoagulants without the risk of interfering with their anti-coagulant state.
Evaluation of Epicillin in a Twice Daily Dosage Regimen in Acute Respiratory and Urinary Tract Infections
Authors: El-Mehairy M M , Cairo MB , Shaker A , Fahmy F , Tadros S Shawky 
Published: January 2017

Epicillin was administered orally, using a twice daily dosage regimen, to a total of 266 patients suffering from mild to moderate respiratory or urinary tract infections. The dosage used was 500 mg twice daily in respiratory tract infections and 1000 mg twice daily in urinary tract infections. The incidence of adverse reactions was 10% in this study and with one exception all were mild to moderate in severity. Epicillin administered on a twice daily basis proved to be efficacious against the common sensitive pathogens responsible for infection of the respiratory and urinary tracts. An excellent response was reported in 49% of the patients, a good response obtained in 46% and a fair response was achieved in 4%. The advantages of a twice daily dosage regimen are pointed out.
A Controlled Trial of Doloneurobion® in Low Back Pain
Authors: Bokonjic Risto 
Published: January 2017

A controlled study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of Doloneurobion ampoules and tablets in the treatment of patients suffering from ‘low back pain’ due to herniated disc syndrome, narrowed spinal canal and other causes. Fifty patients received treatment with both the parenteral and oral presentation of Doloneurobion during an average treatment period of three weeks. Twenty patients with similar symptoms acted as a control group and received physical treatment only. Doloneurobion produced significantly better results (p < 0·05) than the control group using the parameters of ‘pain', ‘parasthesiae’ and scoliosis. No undue side-effects were noted during the study.
Results of a Clinical Investigation of Clotrimazole (Canesten), A New Anti-Mycotic Substance, in the Therapy of Vaginal Fungal Infections
Authors: Kobayashi T , Amenomori Y 
Published: January 2017

In an open controlled trial, 100 patients with vaginitis were treated with clotrimazole vaginal tablets. Ninety-four patients were infected with Candida and six patients with trichomonas. Therapy was continued for six days in 80% of patients and for up to twelve days in 18%. Judged on clinical and mycological results at the end of therapy, 57 patients were cured and 25 patients improved (90·1% effective). No patients were made worse and side-effects were minimal. The trial showed that clotrimazole was a fast, safe and effective treatment for candida vaginitis. Insufficient patients had trichomonas vaginitis for a clear conclusion to be drawn.