bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depo-Provera, Class, Race, and the Domiciliary Family Planning Services in Glasgow and Haringey, 1970–1983
Authors: Rusterholz Caroline , Kelly Laura 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In 1976, the Committee of Safety of Medicines (CSM) in Britain authorized the contraceptive injectable Depo-Provera (DP) for short-term use and for two main reasons only: if a woman had received a rubella vaccine or if her partner had just undergone a vasectomy. Although officially authorized on restricted grounds only, the drug appears to have been widely prescribed by doctors of the Domiciliary Family Planning Services (DFPS). This article takes the prescription of DP in the DFPS of Haringey, a multiracial neighbourhood in London, and Glasgow as a comparative case-study to explore the intersections of medical authority, race, and class. Drawing on the archives of the Wellcome Collection, London, and the NHS Archives of the Mitchell Library in Glasgow, we show that the DFPS offered the ideal setting to test and prescribe Depo-Provera widely. In the hands of the medical profession, the drug at times became a tool of violence towards women from disadvantaged backgrounds. In doing so, we contribute to the wider, global history of DP, and illustrate how racist, classist, and ableist prejudices could shape family planning services in the British context.
Effects of organic substrates on growth rate parameters of a boreal cyanolichen
Authors: Almer Jasmin , Werth Silke 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe investigated the influence of availability as well as type of organic substrate on the growth of the cyanolichen Peltigera membranacea. A total of 145 lichen lobes were grown in a plant growth chamber for 28 days. Of these, 73 were kept in permanent darkness and another 72 were exposed to a diurnal light-dark cycle. A third of the lobes from both treatments were grown on pulverized leaf litter, the second third on pulverized bryophytes, and the remainder were grown without an organic substrate to serve as a control group. Growth was quantified via relative growth rate, relative thallus area growth rate, and changes in specific thallus mass. The lobes kept in a diurnal light-dark cycle showed higher growth rates than those kept in darkness, as is expected for an organism that obtains its carbon from its photoautotrophic symbiosis partner. Furthermore, growth rates were higher in lobes growing on organic substrates. The results show that the availability of an organic substrate positively affects lichen growth in a growth cabinet. Leaf litter led to a higher biomass gain in lichen lobes, whereas area gain was unrelated to substrate type.
Authoritarian and democratic states: the COVID-19 pandemic and the efficacy of public health outcomes
Authors: Ha Hyesong , Knox Colin , Janenova Saltanat 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThere is a populist narrative that authoritarian regimes were better able to respond to the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic because of their strict enforcement powers, compliance of citizens, and speed of autocratic decision-making in a crisis. Research evidence to date on this assertion is however inconclusive or inconsistent. This paper analyses data from democratic and authoritarian countries with the aim of finding out whether autocratic regimes, using greater stringency measures (policy interventions to tackle COVID-19), had better public health outcomes than their counterparts. The results show that authoritarian regimes performed better in tackling the pandemic in terms of infection and death rates than their counterparts. However, we did not find any empirical evidence on the moderation effect of trust in government on the relationship between stringency measures against COVID-19 and policy outcomes. This result might be due to the lack of data transparency in authoritarian countries.
Double modals beyond the Atlantic
Authors: Coats Steven , Morin Cameron 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the use of double modals in Australian and New Zealand English using Twitter/𝕏 data. Double modals are rare grammatical constructions long believed to be limited to regional dialects in the Northern UK and the Southern US. Utilizing a geolocated corpus of over 80 million tweets, the study identifies 314 authentic double modal instances across 51 types, primarily occurring in informal tweets. Findings reveal widespread, albeit low-frequency, usage across both countries without clear geographical patterns. The results align with recent studies suggesting double modals are not confined to specific regions but are possible for most English speakers. The study also questions the traditional Scots-Irish origin theory, proposing an alternative view where the feature is a broader syntactic possibility. Future research should explore larger datasets and extend investigations to outer-circle English varieties to understand better the historical spread and syntactic nature of double modals.
Characterizing Older Adults’ Travel Behaviour and Unmet Needs: Findings from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA)
Authors: Hosford Kate , Pitman Beverley , Brauer Michael , Lavergne Ruth , Winters Meghan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study provides researchers, practitioners, and policy makers with a profile of older adults’ travel behaviour and the older adult population that reports unmet travel needs. In addition, we quantified associations between reporting an unmet travel need and measures of health and social connectedness. Data came from the second follow-up survey of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging, collected from 2018 to 2021 (n = 14,167). Nine in ten (90.2%) older adults aged 65 years and older indicated that driving is the main way they get around. Older adults with an unmet travel need were more likely to be women, have lower household incomes and education levels, and have a mobility limitation. People with an unmet travel need had 2.7 times the odds of reporting fair or poor general health (OR = 2.66, 95% CI: 2.19, 3.22) and 3.1 times the odds of feeling socially isolated (OR = 3.10, 95% CI: 2.57, 3.72) compared to those without an unmet need.
Current state of quality improvement research across cardiac ICUs: a Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Society (PCICS) survey
Authors: Hummel Kevin , Raymond Tia , Gist Katja M. , Yurasek Gregory K. , Winder Melissa , Brunetti Marissa A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackground:Outcomes for children with heart disease improved over the past decades. Quality improvement (QI) research in paediatric cardiac critical care is a key driver of improvement. The availability and variability of QI research across the field is unknown. This project represents a step in understanding the role. The Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Society (PCICS) can serve to support institutions’ needs, drive collaborations, and utilise available infrastructure at member institutions for improvement work.Methods:The PCICS Quality Improvement and Safety Committee developed a survey to assess the state of QI research. The survey was disseminated over several months and available via QR code at the World Congress of Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery in 2023.Results:Fifty-eight respondents completed the survey representing at least 38 unique institutions. Most respondents participated in QI research (52/58, 90%). Most QI projects were single centre (41% of respondents), and of those, the majority were from a minority of institutions (13 institutions [34% of total institutions]). QI support is available at slightly more than half of units, and 55% (32/58) have access to a QI specialist. QI support and rate of publications is significantly lower for small/medium units as compared to large units. Respondents suggested most interest from PCICS in networking with other members with similar project ideas (50/58, 86%).Conclusion:PCICS member institutions are committed to QI research, with limitations in support, local specialists, and networking. Increasing connectivity and accessibility to QI resources may reduce burden to individual members and institutions to achieve QI research.
Social prescription for the elderly: a community-based scoping review
Authors: Sadio Rute , Henriques Adriana , Nogueira Paulo , Costa Andreia 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Aim:
This scoping review aimed to identify the social prescription activities that exist for the elderly in a community context.

Background:
The increase in population ageing imposes the need to implement specific actions that guarantee elderly people the possibility of experiencing this phase with quality. The pandemic significantly exacerbated the needs of the elderly, leading to, regarding the loss of functional capacity, quality of life, well-being, mental health, and increased loneliness. Social prescription emerges as an innovative and non-clinical strategy, being a personalized approach that focuses on individual needs and objectives (Islam, 2020). By referring primary health care users to resources available in the community, obtaining non-medical support that can be used in conjunction with, or instead of, existing medical treatments (Chng et al., 2021).

Methods:
A scoping review was conducted based on preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses, extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Searches were performed in electronic databases for potential studies: Scopus, PubMed, Medline, and Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection. Studies were included if they: (1) addressed social prescription interventions; (2) were community based; and (3) included elderly participants. Data extraction followed predefined criteria.

Findings:
Of a total of 865 articles identified, nine were selected. The social prescription activities identified fall into eight main domains: arts, personal development, social interaction, physical activity, gardening, cultural activities, religious activities, and technological activities. The interventions resulted in improved well-being, enhanced quality of life, health promotion, and reduced isolation and loneliness. Social prescription, while innovative, is still an evolving intervention, which can respond to the needs of the elderly population, given the range of activities that may exist in the community. Primary care professionals must develop these interventions, establish a link between health and the community, respond to these needs, and promote healthy ageing.
Sexually transmitted infections in Belgian general practices: a nationwide continuing surveillance study, data from 2015 to 2020
Authors: Bensemmane Sherihane , Moreels Sarah , Lecompte Amaryl , Vanden Berghe Wim , De Schreye Robrecht 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Aim:
The current study aims at describing sexually transmitted infections (STI) surveillance data collected from 2015 to 2020 as well as investigating patients’ characteristics and risk factors in the sample population.

Background:
Reported STI cases are continuously increasing in Europe. In Belgium, 94.1% of citizens have a regular general practitioner (GP) or are affiliated to a general practice. By using GPs for surveillance, STIs can be monitored in the general population. Between January 2015 and December 2020, the Sentinel General Practitioners (SGP) network retrospectively reported five STIs: chlamydia, gonorrhoea, genital warts, herpes, and syphilis.

Methods:
In the SGP network database on STIs, participating GPs report on case-by-case basis through paper or online registration forms. We performed descriptive statistics, X2 test and logistic regression using SAS® 9.4. Multivariate multiple logistic regression was performed to investigate the relationship between STIs and patients’ characteristics.

Findings:
During the study period, 1009 cases were reported, corresponding to an episode-based incidence estimated at 121 per 100,000 inhabitants. The majority of patients (59.8%) were men, and 83.6% were under age 30. Among female patients 92.7% had heterosexual contacts whereas 64.4% of male patients did. Women were more likely to be diagnosed with chlamydia (odds ratio [OR] 1.56; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12–2.17) and herpes (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.04–2.86) than men.
In this study, STI surveillance data were in agreement with literature. Continuous surveillance through the SGP network remains an important tool to obtain information about populations at risk and STI incidence in the general population.
Amicarbazone and other Group 5 herbicide behavior in soil under field and laboratory conditions
Authors: Mueller Thomas C. , Henry Ryan S. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Amicarbazone, atrazine, and metribuzin behavior was examined in a field setting in Tennessee and in a laboratory setting using soils collected from Illinois and Tennessee. Fields planted to corn were sampled from 0 to 8 cm depth, and the samples were analyzed using methanolic extraction followed by tandem mass spectrometry analysis to determine residual herbicide concentrations. Conditions were favorable for herbicide degradation, including warm temperatures and adequate rainfall. All herbicide half-lives were <10 d. Laboratory research using soils with known atrazine-use histories showed that amicarbazone did not exhibit enhanced microbial degradation due to previous atrazine use. Apparent amicarbazone and metribuzin persistence levels implied that early-season weed control would be expected, but carryover to injure sensitive rotational crops would not be anticipated under these environmental conditions. Dissipation under field conditions of amicarbazone and metribuzin was not affected by being applied to separate plots or by coapplication to the same plots.
Global Influence of Organic Aerosol Volatility on Aerosol Microphysical Processes: Composition and Number
Authors: Gao Chloe Yuchao , Bauer Susanne E. , Tsigaridis Kostas , Im Ulas 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe present MATRIX‐VBS, a new aerosol scheme that simulates organic partitioning in an aerosol microphysics model, as part of the NASA GISS ModelE Earth System Model. MATRIX‐VBS builds on its predecessor aerosol microphysics model MATRIX (Bauer et al., 2008, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp‐8‐6003‐2008) and was developed in the box model framework (Gao et al., 2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd‐10‐751‐2017). The scheme features the inclusion of organic partitioning between the gas and particle phases and the photochemical aging process using the volatility‐basis set (Donahue et al., 2006, https://doi.org/10.1021/es052297c). To assess the performance of the new model, we compared its mass concentration, number concentration, and activated number concentration to the original scheme MATRIX, and evaluated its mass concentrations in four seasons against data from the NASA Atmospheric Tomography Mission (ATom) aircraft campaign. Results from MATRIX‐VBS show that organics are transported further away from their source, and their mass concentration increases aloft and decreases at the surface compared to those in MATRIX. The mass concentration of organics at the surface agrees well with measurements, and there are discrepancies for vertical profiles aloft. In the new scheme, the global mass load of organic aerosols increased by 50%, there is also an increased number of particles at the surface and fewer activated ones in most regions. The new scheme presents advanced and more comprehensive capability in simulating aerosol processes.
Conditional Effects of Tides and Waves on Sediment Supply to Salt Marshes
Authors: Sun Jianwei , van Prooijen Bram , Wang Xianye , Xie Weiming , Xu Fan , He Qing , Wang Zhengbing 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe survival of salt marshes, especially facing future sea‐level rise, requires sediment supply. Sediment can be supplied to salt marshes via two routes: through marsh creeks and over marsh edges. However, the conditions of tides and waves that facilitate sediment import through these two routes remain unclear. To understand when and how sediment is imported into salt marshes, 2‐month measurements were conducted to monitor tides, waves, and suspended sediment concentration (SSC) in Paulina Saltmarsh, a meso‐macrotidal system. The results show that the marsh creek tends to import sediment during neap tides with waves. A tidal cycle with a small tidal range result in weaker flow in the marsh creek during ebb tides, reducing the export of sediment. Waves enhance sediment supply to the marsh creek by eroding mudflats. However, strong waves can directly resuspend sediment in marsh creeks during spring tides when the water level is above the marsh canopy, enhancing sediment export through creeks. Net sediment import over marsh edges requires the opposite tidal and wave conditions: spring tides with weak waves. Spring tides provide stronger hydrodynamics, facilitating sediment import over the marsh edge. Increased SSC during the ebb phase can occur with strong waves over the marsh edge, resulting in net sediment export. Therefore, the net import or export of sediment, through the creek and over the marsh edge, depends on the combination of tidal and wave conditions. These conditions can vary between estuaries and even individual marshes. Understanding these conditions is crucial for better management of salt marshes.
Toward the Direct Simulation of the Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation in a Global Storm‐Resolving Model
Authors: Franke Henning , Giorgetta Marco A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study presents the first attempt to simulate a full cycle of the quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO) in a global storm‐resolving model (GSRM) that explicitly simulates deep convection and gravity waves instead of parameterizing them. Using the Icosahedral Nonhydrostatic (ICON) model with horizontal and vertical resolutions of about and , respectively, we show that an untuned state‐of‐the‐art GSRM is already on the verge of simulating a QBO‐like oscillation of the zonal wind in the tropical stratosphere for the right reasons. ICON shows overall good fidelity in simulating the QBO momentum budget and the downward propagation of the QBO jets in the upper QBO domain (25–35 km). In the lowermost stratosphere, however, ICON does not simulate the downward propagation of the QBO jets to the tropopause. This is the result of a pronounced lack of QBO wave forcing, mainly on planetary scales. The lack of planetary‐scale wave forcing in the lowermost stratosphere is caused by an underestimation of planetary‐scale wave momentum fluxes entering the stratosphere. We attribute this lack of planetary‐scale wave momentum fluxes to a substantial lack of convectively coupled equatorial waves (CCEWs) in the tropical troposphere. Therefore, we conclude that in ICON, simulating a realistic spatio‐temporal variability of tropical deep convection, in particular CCEWs, is currently the main roadblock toward simulating a reasonable QBO. To overcome this intermediate situation, we propose to aim at an improved explicit simulation of tropical deep convection by retuning the remaining parameterizations of cloud microphysics and vertical diffusion, and by increasing the horizontal resolution.
Osteopetrosis-like disorders induced by osteoblast-specific retinoic acid signaling inhibition in mice
Authors: Sun Siyuan , Liu Yuanqi , Sun Jiping , Zan Bingxin , Cui Yiwen , Jin Anting , Xu Hongyuan , Huang Xiangru , Zhu Yanfei , Yang Yiling , Gao Xin , Lu Tingwei , Wang Xinyu , Liu Jingyi , Mei Li , Shen Lei , Dai Qinggang , Jiang Lingyong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOsteopetrosis is an inherited metabolic disease, characterized by increased bone density and narrow marrow cavity. Patients with severe osteopetrosis exhibit abnormal bone brittleness, anemia, and infection complications, which commonly cause death within the first decade of life. Pathologically, osteopetrosis impairs not only the skeletal system, but also the hemopoietic and immune systems during development, while the underlying osteoimmunological mechanisms remain unclear. Osteoclastic mutations are regarded as the major causes of osteopetrosis, while osteoclast non-autonomous theories have been proposed in recent years with unclear underlying mechanisms. Retinoic acid (RA), the metabolite of Vitamin A, is an essential requirement for skeletal and hematopoietic development, through the activation of retinoic acid signaling. RA can relieve osteopetrosis symptoms in some animal models, while its effect on bone health is still controversial and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we constructed an osteoblast-specific inhibitory retinoic acid signaling mouse model and surprisingly found it mimicked the symptoms of osteopetrosis found in clinical cases: dwarfism, increased imperfectly-formed trabecular bone deposition with a reduced marrow cavity, thin cortical bone with a brittle skeleton, and hematopoietic and immune dysfunction. Micro-CT, the three-point bending test, and histological analysis drew a landscape of poor bone quality. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of the femur and RNA-seq of osteoblasts uncovered an atlas of pathological skeletal metabolism dysfunction in the mutant mice showing that osteogenesis was impaired in a cell-autonomous manner and osteoclastogenesis was impaired via osteoblast-osteoclast crosstalk. Moreover, scRNA-seq of bone marrow and flow cytometry of peripheral blood, spleen, and bone marrow uncovered pathology in the hematopoietic and immune systems in the mutant mice, mimicking human osteopetrosis. Results showed that hematopoietic progenitors and B lymphocyte differentiation were affected and the osteoblast-dominated cell crosstalk was impaired, which may result from transcriptional impairment of the ligands Pdgfd and Sema4d. In summary, we uncovered previously unreported pathogenesis of osteopetrosis-like disorder in mice with skeletal, hematopoietic, and immune system dysfunction, which was induced by the inhibition of retinoic acid signaling in osteoblasts, and sheds new insights into a potential treatment for osteopetrosis.
Modeling of planar germanium hole qubits in electric and magnetic fields
Authors: Wang Chien-An , Ercan H. Ekmel , Gyure Mark F. , Scappucci Giordano , Veldhorst Menno , Rimbach-Russ Maximilian 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHole-based spin qubits in strained planar germanium quantum wells have received considerable attention due to their favorable properties and remarkable experimental progress. The sizeable spin-orbit interaction in this structure allows for efficient qubit operations with electric fields. However, it also couples the qubit to electrical noise. In this work, we perform simulations of a heterostructure hosting these hole spin qubits. We solve the effective mass equations for a realistic heterostructure, provide a set of analytical basis wavefunctions, and compute the effective g-factor of the heavy-hole ground state. Our investigations reveal a strong impact of highly excited light-hole states located outside the quantum well on the g-factor. We find that sweet spots, points of operations that are least susceptible to charge noise, for out-of-plane magnetic fields are shifted to impractically large electric fields. However, for magnetic fields close to in-plane alignment, partial sweet spots at low electric fields are recovered. Furthermore, sweet spots with respect to multiple fluctuating charge traps can be found under certain circumstances for different magnetic field alignments. This work will be helpful in understanding and improving the coherence of germanium hole spin qubits.