bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of 4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl ether on the structures and properties of isocyanate‐based polyimide foams
Authors: Yao Yao , Zhang Guangcheng , Li Jianwei , Wang Aifeng , Shi Xuetao 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTA series of thermal insulation, acoustic absorption isocyanate‐based lightweight polyimide (PI) foams with 4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl ether (ODA) units were prepared from polyaryl polymethylene isocyanate (PAPI) and the esterification solution derived from pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) and ODA. The structures and properties of the PI foams prepared with different molar ratio of ODA/PMDA were investigated in detail. The results show that the ODA units have great influence on the foam properties. With the increase of the ODA units, the density decreases firstly and then increases. When the molar ratio of ODA/PMDA is 3/10, the foam reaches the minimum density (13.7 kg/m3). Moreover, with increasing the ODA units, the acoustic absorption properties increase firstly and then decrease owing to the variation of the average cell diameter of the PI foams. All PI foams show excellent thermal stability, and the 5% and 10% weight loss temperature are in the range of 250–270 °C and 295–310 °C, respectively. In addition, the PI foams present low thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity. Furthermore, the mechanical property was also evaluated and the compressive strength of the PI foams is in the range of 33.0–45.7 kPa. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46029.
Optimizing quality of dental carving by preclinical dental students through anatomy theory reinforcement
Authors: de Azevedo Renato A. , Correa Marcos B. , Torriani Marcos A. , Lund Rafael G. 
Published: November 2017

Knowledge of dental anatomy is of great importance in the practice of dentistry, especially in oral rehabilitation, because without this knowledge, professional practice is not possible. Dental carving plays a major role in training dental students as it develops their manual dexterity. This randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the influence of didactic‐theoretical reinforcement on the theoretical and practical knowledge of dental anatomy of preclinical students by examining the quality of the anatomical restorations performed by these students before and after a didactic‐theoretical reinforcement. For the evaluation of theoretical knowledge, a questionnaire with closed questions about dental anatomy was used. To evaluate the effect of didactic reinforcement on dental carvings, two groups of 15 preclinical students were assessed. Experimental group (G1) received a three‐hour theoretical tutoring on dental anatomy, while the control group (G2) did not. The dental carving scores obtained by the two different groups were compared using Student's t‐test. Cohen's d was used to estimate the effect sizes between groups. The frequency of correct answers given for each theoretical knowledge question was compared in each group using Fisher's exact test. T‐test was also used to compare the means of the two groups' final scores of theoretical evaluations. To compare these final scores obtained in both carving and theoretical tests, a principal component analysis was performed with different items assessed in each test to obtain factor loading scores and a final weighted score, where factor loadings were considered for each item. Weighted scores were compared using t‐test. Also, scores obtained during the head and neck course were assessed and compared using t‐test. Spearman's correlation test was used to assess the correlation between scores obtained prior to the anatomy course and scores obtained in the dental carving exercise. The theoretical evaluation revealed no significant difference between the grades (mean ± SD) of G1 (85.1 ± 6.6%) and G2 (86.2 ± 9.1%) with the grades of a baseline test that was previously obtained when students submitted to the study (P = 0.725). Regarding the tooth carving assessment, the dental carving quality by students of G1 has significantly improved, except for tooth #23 (P = 0.096). Theoretical reinforcement of dental anatomy seems to improve the students' carving performance but does not enhance their knowledge about dental anatomy. Anat Sci Educ 11: 377–384. © 2017 American Association of Anatomists.
Modulating attentional biases of adults with autistic traits using transcranial direct current stimulation: A pilot study
Authors: English Michael C. W. , Kitching Emma S. , Maybery Murray T. , Visser Troy A. W. 
Published: November 2017

While neurotypical individuals over‐attend to the left‐side of centrally‐presented visual stimuli, this bias is reduced in individuals with autism/high levels of autistic traits. Because this difference is hypothesized to reflect relative reductions in right‐hemisphere activation, it follows that increasing right‐hemisphere activation should increase leftward bias. We administered transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the right posterior parietal cortex to individuals with low levels (n = 19) and high levels (n = 19) of autistic traits whilst they completed a greyscales task. Anodal tDCS increased leftward bias for high‐trait, but not low‐trait, individuals, while cathodal tDCS had no effect. This outcome suggests that typical attentional patterns driven by hemispheric lateralization could potentially be restored following right‐hemisphere stimulation in high‐trait individuals. Autism Res 2018, 11: 385–390. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryAttentional differences between individuals with and without autism may reflect differences in underlying activation of the left and right hemispheres. In this study, we combine an attentional task that reflects relative hemispheric activation with non‐invasive cortical stimulation, and show that attentional differences between healthy individuals with low and high levels of autistic‐like traits can be reduced. This outcome is encouraging, and suggests that other aspects of attention in autism (e.g., face processing) may stand to benefit from similar stimulation techniques.
The m.7510T>C mutation: Hearing impairment and a complex neurologic phenotype
Authors: Kytövuori Laura , Gardberg Maria , Majamaa Kari , Martikainen Mika H. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectivesMutations in mitochondrial DNA cause a variety of clinical phenotypes ranging from a mild hearing impairment (HI) to severe encephalomyopathy. The MT‐TS1 gene is a hotspot for mutations causing HI. The m.7510T>C mutation in MT‐TS1 has been previously associated with non‐syndromic HI in four families from different ethnic backgrounds.Materials and MethodsWe describe the clinical, genetic, and histopathological findings in a Finnish family with the heteroplasmic m.7510T>C mutation in mitochondrial DNA.ResultsThe family proband presented with a progressive mitochondrial disease phenotype including migraine, epilepsy, mild ataxia, and cognitive impairment in addition to HI. One young adult presented with HI only. Other family members had a mild phenotype comprising ataxia and tremor in addition to HI. Mutation heteroplasmy was 90% in the blood of maternal grandmother and ≥99% in the muscle and blood of the three other family members. Muscle histology was consistent with mitochondrial myopathy in three family members. The mitochondrial haplogroup of the family was a different branch of the haplogroup H than in the previous reports of this mutation.ConclusionOur results suggest that, in addition to sensorineural HI, the m.7510T>C mutation is associated with a spectrum of mitochondrial disease clinical features including migraine, epilepsy, cognitive impairment, ataxia, and tremor, and with evidence of mitochondrial myopathy.
Enhanced Mass Activity and Stability of Bimetallic Pd‐Ni Nanoparticles on Boron‐Doped Diamond for Direct Ethanol Fuel Cell Applications
Authors: Mavrokefalos Christos K. , Hasan Maksudul , Rohan James F. , Foord John S. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn this work, electrochemical deposition of Pd and bimetallic Pd−Ni nanoparticles on an oxygen‐terminated boron‐doped diamond (BDD) substrate is described for use as an electrocatalyst in a direct ethanol fuel cell. A potentiostatic two‐step electrochemical method involving the electrodeposition of Ni nanoparticles on BDD followed by mono‐dispersed Pd nanoparticles was used for the fabrication of a Pd−Ni/BDD electrode. The electrocatalytic activity of the bimetallic Pd−Ni nanoparticles was evaluated in an alkaline solution containing ethanol and compared to that of the Pd nanoparticles alone. The bimetallic Pd−Ni nanoparticles showed 2.4 times higher mass activity than similar systems in the literature as well as stability when operated in alkaline media. The higher electrochemical response towards the electrooxidation of ethanol observed for the bimetallic electrocatalysts was attributed to the synergistic effects of the electron interaction at the interface of the two metals. Chronopotentiometric measurements revealed that Pd is more stable when anchored to the Ni nanoparticles. The optimised loading of mono‐dispersed Pd on a foreign Ni metal as nanoparticles plays a crucial role in achieving a high mass (3.63×106 mA/g) and specific (10.53 mA/cm2) electrocatalytic activity of Pd towards ethanol electrooxidation in alkaline media.
Impact of Substituent Variation on the Presence of Thermal Spin Crossover in a Series of Mononuclear Iron(III) Schiff Base Complexes with Terminal Pseudohalido Co‐ligands
Authors: Pogány Lukáš , Brachňaková Barbora , Moncol Ján , Pavlik Ján , Nemec Ivan , Trávníček Zdeněk , Mazúr Milan , Bučinský Lukáš , Suchánek Lubomír , Šalitroš Ivan 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA series of novel iron(III) complexes of the general formula [Fe(L)X] (where L is a dianion of pentadentate Schiff base ligand N,N′‐bis({2‐hydroxy‐3,5‐dimethylphenyl}phenyl)methylidene‐1,6‐diamino‐3‐azapentane=H2L1 for 1 and 2; N,N′‐bis({2‐hydroxy‐3‐ethoxyphenyl}methylidene)‐1,6‐diamino‐3‐azapentane=H2L2 for 3 and 3⋅C3H6O) and X is terminal pseudohalido ligand (X=N3 for 1, X=NCS for 2, and X=NCSe for 3 and 3⋅C3H6O) were synthesized and thoroughly characterized. Magnetic measurements revealed the above room temperature spin crossover for isomorphic complexes 1 and 2 (T1/2=441 K and T1/2=435 K, respectively), whereas the solvent‐free complex 3 showed a half complete spin crossover (T1/2=250 K), which was detected by variable temperature crystallography as well. On the other hand, solvated complex 3⋅C3H6O exhibited permanent high spin state behaviour and either recrystallization or in situ thermal desolvation converts 3⋅C3H6O to solvent‐free and spin‐crossover‐active form 3. Magnetic properties of all the reported complexes were also supported by EPR spectroscopy experiments and in addition, DFT and ab initio calculations were employed for the evaluation of the g‐factor and zero field splitting parameters.
Reducing Diastereomorphous Bis(phosphane oxide) Atropisomers to One Atropisomerically Pure Diphosphane: A New Ligand and a Novel Ligand‐Preparation Design
Authors: Sartorius Frank , Trebing Marc , Brückner Charlotte , Brückner Reinhard 
Published: November 2017

Abstract1,1′‐Biphenyl‐2,2′‐diphosphanes with an achiral bridge spanning C‐5 and C‐5′ form atropisomers that are enantiomers. Accessing them in an atropisomerically pure form requires resolving a racemic mixture thereof or of a bis(phosphane oxide) precursor. 1,1′‐Biphenyl‐2,2′‐diphosphanes with a homochiral bridge spanning C‐5 and C‐5′ form atropisomers that are diastereomers. We synthesized the first compound of this kind 1) atropselectively and 2) under thermodynamic control—seemingly a first‐time exploit in diphosphane synthesis. The selectivity‐inducing step was a high‐temperature reduction of two non‐interconverting bis(phosphane oxide) atropisomers (60:40 mixture). It furnished the desired diphosphane atropisomerically pure (and atropconvergently because the yield was 67 %). This diphosphane proved worthwhile in Tsuji–Trost allylations, the Hayashi addition of phenylboronic acid to cyclohexenone, and the asymmetric hydrogenation of methyl acetoacetate (up to 95 % yield and 95 % ee).
Exploring the Reactivity of Trifluoromethyl Tolueneselenosulfonate with Alkynes under Copper Catalysis
Authors: Ghiazza Clément , Debrauwer Vincent , Billard Thierry , Tlili Anis 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe direct fluoroalkylselenolation of terminal alkynes is reported herein involving shelf stable electrophilic reagents TsSeRF. The use of these reagents allows for the first time performing the reaction under catalytic conditions (copper/ligand). Moreover, the presence of oxygen directing groups allows the selective addition of the reagents to alkynes, therefore yielding a new family of vinyl sulfones.
Rhenish Lignite – Energy Carrier and Versatile Raw Material Through the Ages
Authors: Overhoff Urs , Moser Peter , Elsen Reinhold , Vinzelberg Gero , Eyll‐Vetter Michael , Neuroth Markus 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAls bedeutsamster, heimischer fossiler Energieträger spielt die Braunkohle in Deutschland eine wichtige Rolle in der Strom‐ und Wärmeversorgung. Auch wenn ihr Anteil an der Stromerzeugung durch die zunehmende Einspeisung erneuerbarer Energien rückläufig ist, werden die fossilen Energieträger auch zukünftig die zuverlässige Grundlast‐ und Back‐Up‐Versorgung in Zeiten stellen, in denen die erneuerbaren Energien kaum Strom liefern. Braunkohle und Nebenprodukte können auch stofflich zur Herstellung von Kohlenwasserstoffen oder zur Gewinnung von strategisch wichtigen Rohstoffen genutzt werden.
Mapping of the Available Chemical Space versus the Chemical Universe of Lead‐Like Compounds
Authors: Lin Arkadii , Horvath Dragos , Afonina Valentina , Marcou Gilles , Reymond Jean‐Louis , Varnek Alexandre 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis is, to our knowledge, the most comprehensive analysis to date based on generative topographic mapping (GTM) of fragment‐like chemical space (40 million molecules with no more than 17 heavy atoms, both from the theoretically enumerated GDB‐17 and real‐world PubChem/ChEMBL databases). The challenge was to prove that a robust map of fragment‐like chemical space can actually be built, in spite of a limited (≪105) maximal number of compounds (“frame set”) usable for fitting the GTM manifold. An evolutionary map building strategy has been updated with a “coverage check” step, which discards manifolds failing to accommodate compounds outside the frame set. The evolved map has a good propensity to separate actives from inactives for more than 20 external structure–activity sets. It was proven to properly accommodate the entire collection of 40 m compounds. Next, it served as a library comparison tool to highlight biases of real‐world molecules (PubChem and ChEMBL) versus the universe of all possible species represented by FDB‐17, a fragment‐like subset of GDB‐17 containing 10 million molecules. Specific patterns, proper to some libraries and absent from others (diversity holes), were highlighted.
If it is absurd, then why do you do it? The richer the obsessional experience, the more compelling the compulsion
Authors: Moritz Steffen , Purdon Christine , Jelinek Lena , Chiang Brenda , Hauschildt Marit 
Published: November 2017

Mounting evidence suggests that obsessive intrusions are often accompanied and amplified by perceptual experiences of different modalities (e.g., feeling dirt on one's skin while experiencing intrusive thoughts about contamination). Pilot studies conducted online with individuals endorsing mild obsessive–compulsive symptoms have linked the co‐occurrence of perceptual experiences and obsessions to the severity of subsequent compulsive behaviour as well as low insight. However, it is presently unclear whether sensory experiences accompany all types of obsessional thoughts or are restricted to certain preoccupations (e.g., contamination and aggression). The present study examined a clinical inpatient and outpatient sample with a formally diagnosed obsessive–compulsive disorder (N = 34). Perceptual properties of intrusive thoughts were assessed with the Sensory Properties of Obsessions Questionnaire. The prevalence of perception‐laden obsessive thoughts was comparable with prior studies (73.5%), but the intensity was significantly greater. No association was observed between perceptual experiences and expert‐rated insight. However, the severity of perception‐laden obsessions predicted the frequency of and impairment associated with compulsive behaviour. This was particularly strong for obsessions about contamination. The present study confirms the high prevalence and clinical relevance of perceptual experiences that accompany obsessions and further challenges the traditional trichotomy splitting mental phenomena into thoughts, intrusions, and hallucinations.
Pyran‐Bridged Indacenodithiophene as a Building Block for Constructing Efficient A–D–A‐Type Nonfullerene Acceptors for Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Wen Shuguang , Wu Yao , Wang Yingying , Li Yi , Liu Ling , Jiang Huanxiang , Liu Zhitian , Yang Renqiang 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn recent years, nonfullerene acceptors have attracted much attention, owing to their great potential for use in high‐performance polymer solar cells.The ladder‐type building block, pyran‐bridged indacenodithiophene (PDT), was used for constructing A–D–A nonfullerene acceptors through introduction of oxygen atoms into an indacenodithiophene (IDT) unit. The synthesis of PDT is accomplished by a BBr3‐mediated tandem cyclization–deprotection reaction to construct the pyran ring. Hence, molecular acceptor PTIC was synthesized and used in a polymer solar cell device. Compared to the IDT‐based acceptor, PTIC exhibits higher HOMO levels and wider optical band gap at 550–800 nm. Devices fabricated with poly[(2,6‐(4,8‐bis(5‐(2‐ethylhexyl)thiophen‐2‐yl)benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene)‐co‐(1,3‐di(5‐thiophene‐2‐yl)‐5,7‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)‐benzo[1,2‐c:4,5‐c′]dithiophene‐4,8‐dione)] (PBDB‐T):PTIC as the active layer give a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.66 %.
Protein deficiency decreases stereotypic behavior frequency and prevalence and activity in the striped mouse Rhabdomys dilectus chakae
Authors: Pillay Neville , Rimbach Rebecca 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDiverse motivational triggers, including diet, elicit stereotypic behavior. We investigated whether diets comprised of different protein levels but similar levels of energy were associated with the occurrence of locomotor stereotypies in the striped mouse Rhabdomys dilectus chakae. In a first experiment, 20 stereotypic and 20 non‐stereotypic (10 subjects per sex and per group) juvenile (40 days old) subjects were placed on baseline (BP), high (HP) or low protein (LP) diet treatments (120 subjects in total). All subjects initially identified as stereotypic displayed stereotypic behavior in the BP and HP treatments on Days 60–63 and Days 80–83 compared to 35% and 12.5% of LP subjects, respectively. Moreover, LP subjects displayed lower levels of activity and stereotypic behavior than BP and HP subjects. Those identified as non‐stereotypic never displayed stereotypy. In a second experiment, 48 individuals, bred and reared on LP and whose parents were stereotypic, were assigned to either HP (13 males, 12 females) or LP (12 males, 11 females) treatments at 50 days of age for 30 days. Stereotypy was three times less likely to occur in the LP than the HP treatment, and activity was greater in LP‐HP individuals than LP‐LP individuals. In both experiments, LP individuals had the lowest body mass. Striped mice adjusted their behaviors in response to dietary protein levels. Protein deficiency reduced activity and stereotypic behavior and prevalence, possibly related to an energy or neurological deficit.
Large‐scale bleaching of corals on the Great Barrier Reef
Authors: Hughes T. P. , Kerry J. T. , Simpson T. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn 2015–2016, record temperatures triggered a pan‐tropical episode of coral bleaching. In the southern hemisphere summer of March–April 2016, we used aerial surveys to measure the level of bleaching on 1,156 individual reefs throughout the 2,300 km length of the Great Barrier Reef, the world's largest coral reef system. The accuracy of the aerial scores was ground‐truthed with detailed underwater surveys of bleaching at 260 sites (104 reefs), allowing us to compare aerial and underwater bleaching data with satellite‐derived temperatures and with associated model predictions of bleaching. The severity of bleaching on individual reefs in 2016 was tightly correlated with the level of local heat exposure: the southernmost region of the Great Barrier Reef escaped with only minor bleaching because summer temperatures there were close to average. Gradients in nutrients and turbidity from inshore to offshore across the Great Barrier Reef had minimal effect on the severity of bleaching. Similarly, bleaching was equally severe on reefs that are open or closed to fishing, once the level of satellite‐derived heat exposure was accounted for. The level of post‐bleaching mortality, measured underwater after 7–8 months, was tightly correlated with the aerial scores measured at the peak of bleaching. Similarly, reefs with a high aerial bleaching score also experienced major shifts in species composition due to extensive mortality of heat‐sensitive species. Reefs with low bleaching scores did not change in composition, and some showed minor increases in coral cover. Two earlier mass bleaching events occurred on the Great Barrier Reef in 1998 and 2002, that were less severe than 2016. In 2016, <9% of scored reefs had no bleaching, compared to 42% in 2002 and 44% in 1998. Conversely, the proportion of reefs that were severely bleached (>60% of corals affected) was four times higher in 2016. The geographic footprint of each of the three events is distinctive, and matches satellite‐derived sea surface temperature patterns. Our aerial surveys indicate that past exposure to bleaching in 1998 and 2002 did not lessen the severity of bleaching in 2016. This data set of aerial bleaching scores provides a historical baseline for comparison with future bleaching events. No copyright restrictions apply to the use of this data set other than citing this publication.
Feasibility Study Combining Art Therapy or Cognitive Remediation Therapy with Family‐based Treatment for Adolescent Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Lock James , Fitzpatrick Kathleen Kara , Agras William S. , Weinbach Noam , Jo Booil 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAdolescents with anorexia nervosa who have obsessive–compulsive (OC) features respond poorly to family‐based treatment (FBT). This study evaluated the feasibility of combining FBT with either cognitive remediation therapy (CRT) or art therapy (AT) to improve treatment response in this at‐risk group. Thirty adolescents with anorexia nervosa and OC features were randomized to 15 sessions of FBT + CRT or AT. Recruitment rate was 1 per month, and treatment attrition was 16.6% with no differences between groups. Suitability, expectancy and therapeutic relationships were acceptable for both combinations. Correlations between changes in OC traits and changes in cognitive inefficiencies were found for both combinations. Moderate changes in cognitive inefficiencies were found in both groups but were larger in the FBT + AT combination. This study suggests that an RCT for poor responders to FBT because of OC traits combining FBT with either CRT or AT is feasible to conduct. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.