bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contrasting biogeomorphic processes affecting salt‐marsh development of the Mokbaai, Texel, The Netherlands
Authors: Baptist Martin J. , de Groot Alma V. , van Duin Willem E. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe growth and decline of salt marshes may be the result of various interacting biogeomorphic processes and external factors. We present a case study of the Mokbaai on the Wadden island of Texel, where we assess the relative importance and the interaction between the biogeomorphic processes and various disturbances. We analysed changes in vegetation composition in the salt marsh and sedimentation–erosion patterns of the adjoining intertidal flat over a 30‐year period. Vegetation underwent regression in the lower parts of the marsh, i.e. the low marsh zone changed into pioneer zone. Comparing elevation measurements from 2013 and 1983 showed that the adjoining intertidal flats eroded 15–25 cm. Maintenance dredging of a nearby harbour might negatively impact the sediment balance indicating that the regression of the lower parts of the salt marsh is caused by a lack of sediment. Simultaneously, a change in the local hydrology led to vegetation succession into high and brackish salt marsh, increased organic sediment production and consequently cliff formation. The results from this case study show that, even in a relatively small salt marsh, changes in external factors may set in motion a series of biogeomorphic processes and feedbacks, leading to locally contrasting trends in spatiotemporal development. © 2016 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Mechanisms of phenanthrene toxicity in the soil invertebrate, Enchytraeus crypticus
Authors: Roelofs Dick , Bicho Rita C. , de Boer Tjalf E. , Castro-Ferreira Marta P. , Montagne-Wajer Kora , van Gestel Cornelis A.M. , Soares Amadeu M.V.M. , van Straalen Nico M. , Amorim Mónica J.B. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) continue to cause environmental challenges as a result of their release into the environment by a great variety of anthropogenic activities and their accumulation in soils. Studies were conducted on the toxicological effect of the model PAH phenanthrene using the soil invertebrate model Enchytraeus crypticus at the individual, tissue, and molecular levels. Animals were exposed for 2 d and 21 d to phenanthrene concentrations corresponding to the (previously estimated) 3-wk effective concentration, 10% (EC10) and EC50 for effects on reproduction. Gene expression profiling did not reveal a typical phenanthrene-induced biotransformation signature, as it usually does in arthropods and vertebrates. Instead, after 2 d of exposure, only general metabolic processes were affected, such as translation and adenosine triphosphate synthesis-coupled electron transport. Histological sections of tissues of 2-d exposed animals showed no deviations from control. In contrast, after prolonged exposure of up to 21 d, histopathological effects were found: chloragogenous cells were highly vacuolated and hypertrophic. This was corroborated by differential expression of genes related to immune response and oxidative stress at the transcriptomic level. The data exemplify the complexity and species-specific features of PAH toxicity among soil invertebrate communities, which restricts read-across and extrapolation in the context of soil ecological risk assessment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2713–2720. © 2016 SETAC
The effects of zinc on the structure and functioning of a freshwater community: A microcosm experiment
Authors: Van de Perre Dimitri , Roessink Ivo , Janssen Colin R. , Smolders Erik , Van Regenmortel Tina , Van Wichelen Jeroen , Vyverman Wim , Van den Brink Paul J. , De Schamphelaere Karel A.C. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

A major problem with risk assessment of chemicals is the extrapolation of laboratory single-species toxicity tests, which oversimplify the actual field situation by ignoring species interactions, to natural communities. The authors tested if the bioavailability-normalized 5% hazardous concentration (HC5) estimated from chronic planktonic single-species toxicity data (HC5plankton) for zinc (Zn) is protective for a plankton community and investigated the direct and indirect effects of Zn (at HC5 and HC50) on a freshwater community's structure and function. Microcosms were exposed to 3 different Zn concentrations (background, HC5plankton = 75 μg Zn/L and HC50plankton = 300 μg Zn/L) for 5 wk. The planktonic groups revealed a consistent no-observed-effect concentration for the community of 75 μg Zn/L, similar to or higher than the HC5plankton, thus suggesting its protectiveness in the present study. At 300 μg Zn/L a significant reduction in cladocerans resulted in increases of rotifer, ciliate, and phytoplankton abundance. In addition, the phytoplankton community shifted in dominance from grazing-resistant to edible species. Contrary to the species sensitivity distribution (SSD) prediction, which identified phytoplankton as the most sensitive group, only the total chlorophyll and the abundance of 2 phytoplankton species were adversely affected at 300 μg Zn/L. Thus, although the HC5 estimated from the bioavailability-normalized SSD was overall protective for the plankton community, the SSD was not able to correctly predict the species sensitivity ranking within their community context at the HC50. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2698–2712. © 2016 SETAC
An efficient numerical method for reactive flow with general equation of states
Authors: Zeng Xianyang , Xiao Min , Ni Guoxi 
Published: March 2016

SummaryThis paper presents an efficient method to simulate the reactive flow for general equation of states with the compressible fluid model coupled with reactive rate equation. The important aspect is to deal with mixture of different phases in one cell, which will inevitably happen in the Eulerian method for reactive flow. Physical variables such as the pressure,velocity, and speed of sound in each cell need to be reconstructed for the Harten‐Lax‐Leer‐Contact (HLLC) Riemann solver, which will result in nonlinear algebra equations, and these reconstructed variables are used to obtain the flux. Numerical examples of stable and unstable detonations with different equation of states demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of this method. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The management of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia in the acute general medical hospital: a longitudinal cohort study
Authors: White Nicola , Leurent Baptiste , Lord Kathryn , Scott Sharon , Jones Louise , Sampson Elizabeth L 
Published: March 2016

BackgroundThe acute hospital is a challenging place for a person with dementia. Behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are common and may be exacerbated by the hospital environment. Concerns have been raised about how BPSD are managed in this setting and about over reliance on neuroleptic medication. This study aimed to investigate how BPSD are managed in UK acute hospitals.Method(s)A longitudinal cohort of 230 patients with dementia admitted to two acute NHS hospitals. BPSD were measured every four days (Behave‐AD scale), as well as documentation of pharmacological prescriptions and non‐pharmacological management.ResultsThe overall prevalence of BPSD was 75%, with aggression and activity disturbance being the most common. Antipsychotics were prescribed for 28 (12%) patients; 70% of these prescriptions were new on admission. Benzodiazepines were prescribed for 27 (12%) patients, antidepressants were prescribed for 37 (16%) patients, and sedatives were prescribed for 14 (3%) patients. Patients who were prescribed antipsychotics, after adjusting for end of life medication, age and dementia severity, were significantly more likely to die (adjusted hazard ratio 5.78, 95% CI 1.57, 21.26, p = 0.008). Non‐pharmacological management was used in 55% of participants, most commonly psychosocial interventions (36%) with little evidence of monitoring their effectiveness. A form of restraint was used during 50 (22%) patients' admissions.ConclusionsAntipsychotic medications and psychosocial interventions were the main methods used to manage BPSD; however, these were not implemented or monitored in a systematic fashion.
Depressive symptoms in early‐ and late‐onset older bipolar patients compared with younger ones
Authors: García‐López Aurelio , Ezquiaga Elena , De Dios Consuelo , Agud Jose Luis 
Published: March 2016

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine clinical and outcome differences between older bipolar patients with early onset (EO) and late onset (LO) of the illness and between younger and EO older patients with a bipolar disorder under long‐term treatment in an outpatient clinical setting.MethodsThree hundred ninety‐five bipolar I and II outpatients were followed up for up to 7.7 years. Of these, 213 younger (<50 years) and 88 older (>60 years) patients were included. In the older subsample, 50 EO patients (onset <50 years) versus 38 LO patients (≥50 years) were analyzed. Likewise, younger versus EO older patients were compared.ResultsThe likelihood of LO older patients of being bipolar II was higher than for EO older patients. They were also diagnosed earlier than EO older patients. No other clinical differences at baseline and at the prospective follow‐up were found. Compared with younger patients, EO older patients had more frequent depressive symptoms at baseline, suffered more major depressive episodes in the previous year and in the prospective follow‐up, received more antidepressants at baseline, had higher rates of medical comorbid conditions and were less likely to be tobacco smokers.ConclusionsOlder patients constitute a meaningful proportion of bipolar patients under treatment. EO older patients suffered significantly from more frequent depressive symptoms than younger ones. LO older patients were predominantly bipolar II. So as bipolar illness progressed, depressive symptomatology became more frequent and manic episodes were less severe. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of change in FreeSurfer version on classification accuracy of patients with Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Chepkoech Joy‐Loi , Walhovd Kristine B. , Grydeland Håkon , Fjell Anders M. ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: March 2016

AbstractStudies have found non‐negligible differences in cortical thickness estimates across versions of software that are used for processing and quantifying MRI‐based cortical measurements, and issues have arisen regarding these differences, as obtained estimates could potentially affect the validity of the results. However, more critical for diagnostic classification than absolute thickness estimates across versions is the inter‐subject stability. We aimed to investigate the effect of change in software version on classification of older persons in groups of healthy, mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's Disease. Using MRI samples of 100 older normal controls, 100 with mild cognitive impairment and 100 Alzheimer's Disease patients obtained from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database, we performed a standard reconstruction processing using the FreeSurfer image analysis suite versions 4.1.0, 4.5.0 and 5.1.0. Pair‐wise comparisons of cortical thickness between FreeSurfer versions revealed significant differences, ranging from 1.6% (4.1.0 vs. 4.5.0) to 5.8% (4.1.0 vs. 5.1.0) across the cortical mantle. However, change of version had very little effect on detectable differences in cortical thickness between diagnostic groups, and there were little differences in accuracy between versions when using entorhinal thickness for diagnostic classification. This lead us to conclude that differences in absolute thickness estimates across software versions in this case did not imply lacking validity, that classification results appeared reliable across software versions, and that classification results obtained in studies using different FreeSurfer versions can be reliably compared. Hum Brain Mapp 37:1831–1841, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Retrograde intra‐arterial chemotherapy and daily concurrent proton beam therapy for recurrent oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma: Analysis of therapeutic results in 46 cases
Authors: Hayashi Yuichiro , Nakamura Tatsuya , Mitsudo Kenji , Yamaguchi Hisashi , Ono Takashi , Azami Yusuke , Takayama Kanako , Suzuki Motohisa , Hatayama Yoshiomi , Tsukiyama Iwao , Hareyama Masato , Kikuchi Yasuhiro , Fuwa Nobukazu , Tohnai Iwai 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and toxicities of proton beam therapy combined with intra‐arterial infusion chemotherapy via superficial temporal and occipital arteries for recurrent oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).MethodsBetween October 2009 and June 2013, 46 patients with recurrent oral cavity SCC were treated by proton beam therapy combined with intra‐arterial infusion chemotherapy of cisplatin (CDDP) and docetaxel. Treatment consisted of proton beam therapy (28.6–74.8 GyE in 13–34 fractions) and intra‐arterial infusion chemotherapy (CDDP, 30–50 mg/body/week; docetaxel, 5–25 mg/body/week).ResultsOne‐year and 2‐year overall survival (OS) rates were 65% and 46%, respectively. One‐year and 2‐year local control rates were 81% and 70%, respectively.ConclusionThese findings suggest that proton beam therapy combined with intra‐arterial infusion chemotherapy could be applied effectively and safely for patients with recurrent oral cavity SCC. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38:1145–1151, 2016
Effects of Grip Curvature and Hand Anthropometry for the Unimanual Operation of Touchscreen Handheld Devices
Authors: Ahn Sung Hee , Kwon Sanghyun , Bahn Sangwoo , Yun Myung Hwan , Yu Wooyeon 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis study evaluated the effect of hand anthropometry and screen curvatures of handheld devices on hand comfort during single‐hand touchscreen operations. By employing both subjective ratings and electromyography methods, the comfort level was measured using three mock‐up devices with different curvatures; one was flat and the others had curvatures of 400 R and 100 R. The participants were classified by sizes and shapes of their preferred hand based on factor analysis results. In this study, 26 adults in their 20s and 30s participated in the experiment of tapping and dragging tasks with the mock‐ups. The results indicated that the curvatures of the handheld touchscreen devices did not affect muscle activity but perceived comfort. On the other way around, size and shape of hand were found as the factors to affect muscle activities but not perceived comfort. The interaction effects between size and shape of hand were found as well. Overall, this study suggests that curvature and anthropometric characteristics of hand is the common factor in determining comfort for the handheld device design. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluation of interleukin‐6 and serotonin as biomarkers to predict response to fluoxetine
Authors: Manoharan Aarthi , Rajkumar Ravi Philip , Shewade Deepak Gopal , Sundaram Rajan , Muthuramalingam Avin , Paul Abialbon 
Published: March 2016

ObjectiveOnly 30% of major depressive disorder (MDD) patients achieve complete remission with a serotonergic antidepressant (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor). We investigated the potential of serotonin (5‐HT) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) to serve as functional biomarkers of fluoxetine response.MethodsSerum IL‐6 and 5‐HT were measured in 73 MDD patients (39 responders and 34 non‐responders) pre‐ and 6 weeks post‐treatment and in 44 normal controls with ELISA. Fluoxetine and norfluoxetine were measured using LC MS/MS.ResultsIL‐6 levels were significantly higher in MDD patients when compared with controls (p < 0.01), and 5‐HT levels were significantly lower in non‐responders compared with controls (p = 0.0131). Pre‐ and post‐treatment levels of both biomarkers individually and in combination did not significantly differ between responders and non‐responders. Area under the receiver operating characteristics curve for the biomarkers was 0.5. Significant correlation was seen between the percentage change in IL‐6 and percentage change in Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression score in responders. Fluoxetine and norfluoxetine concentrations were not significantly different in responders and non‐responders, and there was no correlation between fluoxetine concentrations and percentage reduction in 5‐HT from week 0 to 6.Conclusion5‐HT and IL‐6 may not serve as useful markers of response to fluoxetine because of inconsistent results across different studies. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Triclosan is a mitochondrial uncoupler in live zebrafish
Authors: Shim Juyoung , Weatherly Lisa M. , Luc Richard H. , Dorman Maxwell T. , Neilson Andy , Ng Ryan , Kim Carol H. , Millard Paul J. , Gosse Julie A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractTriclosan (TCS) is a synthetic antimicrobial agent used in many consumer goods at millimolar concentrations. As a result of exposure, TCS has been detected widely in humans. We have recently discovered that TCS is a proton ionophore mitochondrial uncoupler in multiple types of living cells. Here, we present novel data indicating that TCS is also a mitochondrial uncoupler in a living organism: 24‐hour post‐fertilization (hpf) zebrafish embryos. These experiments were conducted using a Seahorse Bioscience XFe 96 Extracellular Flux Analyzer modified for bidirectional temperature control, using the XF96 spheroid plate to position and measure one zebrafish embryo per well. Using this method, after acute exposure to TCS, the basal oxygen consumption rate (OCR) increases, without a decrease in survival or heartbeat rate. TCS also decreases ATP‐linked respiration and spare respiratory capacity and increases proton leak: all indicators of mitochondrial uncoupling. Our data indicate, that TCS is a mitochondrial uncoupler in vivo, which should be taken into consideration when assessing the toxicity and/or pharmaceutical uses of TCS. This is the first example of usage of a Seahorse Extracellular Flux Analyzer to measure bioenergetic flux of a single zebrafish embryo per well in a 96‐well assay format. The method developed in this study provides a high‐throughput tool to identify previously unknown mitochondrial uncouplers in a living organism. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Danio rerio ABC transporter genes abcb3 and abcb7 play a protecting role against metal contamination
Authors: Lerebours Adélaïde , To Van Vinh , Bourdineaud Jean‐Paul 
Published: March 2016

AbstractATP‐binding cassette (ABC) proteins are efflux transporters and some of them are involved in xenobiotic detoxification. The involvement of four zebrafish ABC transporters in cadmium, zinc and mercury detoxification was characterized in a metal hypersensitive mutant of Escherichia coli. The E. coli tolC mutant expressing ABCB3 or ABCB7 transporters exhibited higher survival ratios and lower metal accumulation under a metal exposure condition than the controls. For instance, in the presence of 8 and 10 μM of HgCl2, the survival ratios of bacteria expressing ABCB3 were four and six‐times higher than the control whereas the mercury concentrations were 2.5 and 2‐times lower than in the control. This work provides new data on the function of zebrafish ABCB3 and ABCB7 transporters and highlights their significance in metal detoxification. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Localized Movement and Levels of 53BP1 Protein Are Changed by γ‐irradiation in PML Deficient Cells
Authors: Legartová Soňa , Sehnalová Petra , Malyšková Barbora , Küntziger Thomas , Collas Philippe , Cmarko Dušan , Raška Ivan , Sorokin Dmitry V. , Kozubek Stanislav , Bártová Eva 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTWe studied epigenetics, distribution pattern, kinetics, and diffusion of proteins recruited to spontaneous and γ‐radiation‐induced DNA lesions. We showed that PML deficiency leads to an increased number of DNA lesions, which was accompanied by changes in histone signature. In PML wt cells, we observed two mobile fractions of 53BP1 protein with distinct diffusion in spontaneous lesions. These protein fractions were not detected in PML‐deficient cells, characterized by slow‐diffusion of 53BP1. Single particle tracking analysis revealed limited local motion of 53BP1 foci in PML double null cells and local motion 53BP1 foci was even more reduced after γ‐irradiation. However, radiation did not change co‐localization between 53BP1 nuclear bodies and interchromatin granule‐associated zones (IGAZs), nuclear speckles, or chromocenters. This newly observed interaction pattern imply that 53BP1 protein could be a part of not only DNA repair, but also process mediated via components accumulated in IGAZs, nuclear speckles, or paraspeckles. Together, PML deficiency affected local motion of 53BP1 nuclear bodies and changed composition and a number of irradiation‐induced foci. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2583–2596, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
DNA Repair in Despair—Vitamin D Is Not Fair
Authors: Gocek Elżbieta , Studzinski George P. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTThe role of vitamin D as a treatment option for neoplastic diseases, once considered to have a bright future, remains controversial. The preclinical studies discussed herein show compelling evidence that Vitamin D Derivatives (VDDs) can convert some cancer and leukemia cells to a benign phenotype, by differentiation/maturation, cell cycle arrest, or induction of apoptosis. Furthermore, there is considerable, though still evolving, knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying these changes. However, the attempts to clearly document that the treatment outcomes of human neoplastic diseases can be positively influenced by VDDs have been, so far, disappointing. The clinical trials to date of VDDs, alone or combined with other agents, have not shown consistent results. It is our contention, shared by others, that there were limitations in the design or execution of these trials which have not yet been fully addressed. Based on the connection between upregulation of JNK by VDDs and DNA repair, we propose a new avenue of attack on cancer cells by increasing the toxicity of the current, only partially effective, cancer chemotherapeutic drugs by combining them with VDDs. This can impair DNA repair and thus kill the malignant cells, warranting a comprehensive study of this novel concept. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 1733–1744, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
STAT5A Modulates Chemokine Receptor CCR6 Expression and Enhances Pre‐B Cell Growth in a CCL20‐Dependent Manner
Authors: Tsuruyama Tatsuaki , Hiratsuka Takuya , Aini Wulamujiang , Nakamura Takuro 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTSignal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) contributes to B‐cell responses to cytokines through suppressor of cytokine signaling (Socs) genes in innate immunity. However, its direct roles in B‐cell responses to chemokines are poorly understood. In this study, we examined the role of STAT5A in the innate immune response. We found that STAT5A upregulated the transcription of C‐C motif receptor 6 (Ccr6) to induce responses to its ligand, CCL20. STAT5A transcriptional activity proceeded through binding to the interferon‐γ activation site (GAS) element in the CCR6 promoter in the genome of pre‐B cells. High levels of STAT5A and CCR6 increased CCL20‐dependent colony growth of pre‐B cells. In human B‐lymphoblastic lymphoma with inflammation, STAT5A phosphorylation was correlated with CCR6 expression (P > 0.05 compared with that in cases without inflammation). In conclusion, our data supported our hypothesis that STAT5A enhanced the response of pre‐B cells to CCL20 to promote their growth.   J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2630–2642, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.