bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Core elements to understand and improve coping with Parkinson's disease in patients and family carers: A focus group study
Authors: Navarta‐Sánchez M. Victoria , Caparrós Neus , Riverol Fernández Mario , Díaz De Cerio Ayesa Sara , Ursúa Sesma M. Eugenia , Portillo Mari Carmen 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study were: (1) To explore the meaning that coping with Parkinson's disease has for patients and family carers; (2) To suggest the components of an intervention focused on enhancing their coping with the disease.BackgroundAdapting to Parkinson's disease involves going through many difficult changes; however, it may improve quality of life in patients and family carers. One of the key aspects for facilitating the psychosocial adjustment to Parkinson's disease is the strengthening of coping skills.DesignA sequential explanatory mixed methods study was carried out. Findings from the qualitative phase are presented.MethodsData were collected in May 2014 through three focus groups: one of people with Parkinson's disease (n = 9), one of family carers (n = 7) and one of healthcare professionals (n = 5). All focus groups were digitally recorded and transcribed verbatim and content analysis was independently carried out by two researchers.FindingsThe participants coincided in highlighting that coping with Parkinson's disease helped the patient and the family carer in their search for balance; and it implied a transformation in their lives. To aid the process of coping with Parkinson's disease, a multifaceted intervention is proposed.ConclusionCoping with Parkinson's disease is a complex process for both patients and family carers and it should therefore be considered a standard service in healthcare policies aimed at this group. The proposed intervention constitutes a nursing tool which has great potential to improve the quality of life in Parkinson's disease and in other long‐term conditions.
Kidnapped: The Ethics of Paying Ransoms
Authors: Howard Jeffrey W. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractShould governments pay ransoms to terrorist organisations that unjustly kidnap their citizens? The United Kingdom and the United States refuse to negotiate with terrorist groups that kidnap and threaten to kill their people. In contrast, continental European countries, such as France and Germany, have regularly paid ransoms to rescue hostages. Who is right? This debate has raged in the public domain in recent years, but no sustained attempt has been made to subject the matter to philosophical scrutiny. This article explores this issue, focusing on the case of ransom payments to terrorist organisations. It contends that the state's duty to protect its citizens from murder grounds a defeasible obligation to pay ransoms. It considers the objection that a policy of paying ransoms endangers citizens abroad by increasing the likelihood of future kidnappings, and it explains why this objection is not sufficiently weighty. It then identifies a more powerful objection: namely, that a state's payment of ransoms makes the state complicit in the serious injustices that its ransom payments fund. It concludes that unless states can offset their contributions to such injustices, paying ransoms is wrong.
Peasants, bandits, and state intervention: The consolidation of authority in the Ottoman Balkans and Southern Italy
Authors: Cayli Baris 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis paper explores the role of bandits and state intervention in the Ottoman Balkans and Southern Italy in the 19th century by using archival documents. I argue that the states may react similarly and radically when their authority is challenged in the periphery. The Ottoman Empire and the Kingdom of Italy developed the same forms of state intervention to fight against the bandits, even though these two states had fundamentally different political, cultural, and socio‐legal structures. I present three different forms of state intervention: (i) victim‐centred state intervention; (ii) security‐centred state intervention; and (iii) authority‐centred state intervention. These three forms consolidated the state's authority while making the two states both fragile and dependent on other social agencies in the long term. I further claim that consolidation of the state's authority manifests the paradox of state intervention and creates more vulnerabilities in traumatic geographies.
The liminality of the patient with dementia in hospital
Authors: Digby Robin , Lee Susan , Williams Allison 
Published: May 2017

Aims and objectivesThe aim was to explore the experiences of people with dementia in subacute geriatric rehabilitation hospitals to critically evaluate the care received by such patients.BackgroundGlobally, the number of people with dementia is growing and is expected to impact progressively more on health systems. People with dementia can become deconditioned and deteriorate in cognitive function while in hospital. The unfamiliar environment and people can cause the person to become disorientated, which then leads to behavioural symptoms which complicate care.DesignCritical ethnography.MethodsMethods included observation with field notes and 30 audio‐recorded conversational interviews with patients with dementia in an Australian subacute care setting. Data were collected in May–December 2014, transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsThe central theme identified that patients with dementia described a liminal experience and felt like outsiders in the hospital environment. This was supported by the subthemes of not understanding why they were being kept in hospital, feeling lost in the space, bored, anxious about discharge plans and lacking intersubjective relationships. Many felt imprisoned by the locked wards. There was little evidence of nursing care delivered in an empathetic person‐centred way. Nurses were busy and engaged with the patients only superficially.ConclusionsPeople with dementia can have a liminal experience and feel like outsiders in this environment, which does not cater for the specific needs of this patient group. It should be acknowledged that people with dementia require additional resources. A caring nurse–patient relationship is fundamental to the patient experience. Nurses require further support and education about dementia in order to deliver quality care to this patient group.Relevance to clinical practiceThese findings will influence nurse leaders to advocate for improved resources for nurses to provide appropriate care for patients with dementia in subacute geriatric hospitals. The clinical practice of nurses needs to be supported with education, pyschological and material support to improve the therapeutic environment for patients with cognitive impairment resulting from dementia.
Alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking and incidence of aortic valve stenosis
Authors: Larsson S. C. , Wolk A. , Bäck M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundAlcohol consumption and cigarette smoking are modifiable lifestyle factors with important impact on public health. It is unclear whether these factors influence the risk of aortic valve stenosis (AVS).ObjectiveTo investigate the associations of alcohol consumption and smoking, including smoking intensity and time since cessation, with AVS incidence in two prospective cohorts.MethodsThis analysis was based on data from the Swedish Mammography Cohort and the Cohort of Swedish Men, comprising 69 365 adults without cardiovascular disease at baseline. Participants were followed for AVS incidence and death by linkage to the Swedish National Patient and Causes of Death Registers. Hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated by Cox proportional hazards regression.ResultsOver a mean follow‐up of 15.3 years, 1249 cases of AVS (494 in women and 755 in men) were recorded. Compared with never drinkers of alcohol (lifelong abstainers), the risk of AVS was significantly lower in current light drinkers (1–6 drinks per week [1 drink = 12 g alcohol]; multivariable HR 0.82; 95% CI: 0.68–0.99). The risk of AVS increased with increasing smoking intensity. Compared with never smokers, the HR was 1.46 (95% CI: 1.16–1.85) in current smokers of ≥30 pack‐years. Former smokers who had quit smoking 10 or more years previously had similar risk for AVS as never smokers.ConclusionsThis study suggests that current light alcohol consumption is associated with a lower risk of AVS, and indicates that the association between smoking and AVS risk is reversible.
Effects of 25‐hydroxycholecalciferol with two D3 vitamin levels on production and immunity parameters in broiler chickens
Authors: Vazquez J. R. , Gómez G. V. , López C. C. , Cortés A. C. , Díaz A. C. , Fernández S. R. T. , Rosales E. M. , Avila A. G. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryThis study was performed in Ross 308 chickens aged 1–21 days and aimed to evaluate whether the addition of 25‐hydroxycholecalciferol (25(OH)D3) to broiler chicken diets affects their growth performance and immunity. A completely random 2 × 2 factorial arrangement was used with two levels of vitamin D3 and the absence or presence of 25(OH)D3, corresponding to four treatments based on sorghum + soya bean diets: (i) 200 IU of vitamin D3/kg of feed (Diet 1) (NRC, ), (ii) Diet 1 + 69 μg of 25(OH)D3/kg of feed (Diet 2), (iii) 5,000 IU of vitamin D3/kg of feed (Diet 3) and (iv) Diet 3 + 69 μg of 25(OH)D3/kg of feed (Diet 4). Each treatment was conducted with six replicates of 10 chickens each. Water and feed was supplied ad libitum. The results showed significantly increased growth and tibia ash (p < .05) in the birds fed 5,000, IU of vitamin D3/kg + 25(OH)D3. Additionally, the cellular immune response increased significantly (p < .05) in both treatments with added 25(OH)D3. Based on the results obtained under the current test conditions, the addition of 25(OH)D3 at a rate of 69 μg/kg to diets containing vitamin D3 improved the cellular immune response and mineral deposition in the bones of broilers aged 1–21 days. Because these parameters are very important in modern poultry farming, these results indicate that supplementation with 25(OH)D3 should improve broiler production.
The Widening Black‐White Wage Gap among Women
Authors: Fisher Jonathan D. , Houseworth Christina A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe utilize over 30 years of the Current Population Survey to examine labor force participation and wage patterns among five cohorts of white and black women. By estimating wages using four selection correction techniques in determining the wage gap for women who are not in the labor force, we provide evidence of the changing role of selection among women over time. We find an increasing observed wage gap between white and black women for younger cohorts; however, the decline in selection for both black and white women does not explain the rising wage gap.
Investigating target versus impactor influences on Martian crater morphology at the simple‐complex transition
Authors: Herrick Robert R. , Hynek Brian M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractComparing craters of identical diameter on a planet is an empirical method of studying the effects of different target and impactor properties while holding total impact energy nearly constant. We have analyzed the Martian crater population within a narrow diameter range (7 km < crater diameter < 9 km) at the simple‐complex crater transition using three approaches. We looked for correlations of morphology with surface geology using a global crater database and global geologic map. We examined selected regions in detail with high‐resolution images to further understand the relationship between crater morphology and bulk target properties. Finally, we examined craters in close proximity to each other in order to hold target properties constant, so that we could isolate impactor effects on crater morphology. We found a strong correlation between target properties and interior crater morphology, and we found little evidence that impactor properties (other than impact angle) affect crater appearance. Central uplift and wall slumping are enhanced for less consolidated targets. Layered targets affected both the excavation and modification stages of complex crater formation; the resulting craters have pseudoterraces, flat floors, and central pits.
IL‐10 expression in pyramidal neurons after neuropathogenic coronaviral infection
Authors: Kakizaki Masatoshi , Watanabe Rihito 
Published: May 2017

The apoptosis of pyramidal neurons in CA2 and CA3 subregions of the hippocampus is induced after infection with Mu‐3 virus (Mu‐3), a neuropathogenic strain of the JHM virus (JHMV), at 4–5 days post‐inoculation (dpi). The viral antigens in the hippocampus are mainly found in the CD11b‐positive cells distributed in the stratum oriens located outside the pyramidal layer, and only a few pyramidal neurons are infected. Furthermore, the apoptotic cells, indicated as showing caspase 3 (Cas3) activation, consist of a high number of uninfected cells. Therefore, it is considered that the apoptotic lesions occur through the indirect effects of infection, and not as a result of direct infection with Mu‐3, similar to the reported neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus after other types of infection. The apoptosis in the pyramidal neurons is accompanied by various types of proinflammatory cytokines depending on the causative agents. Thus, the local expression of proinflammatory cytokines was studied, revealing no correlation in the distribution of cytokine expression with the subregions showing apoptosis. However, the anti‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐10 was produced by pyramidal neurons of CA2 and CA3 at 3 dpi when there is no destructive change or viral invasion in the hippocampus.
Tear production, intraocular pressure and conjunctival bacterial flora in selected captive wild ruminants
Authors: Kvapil Pavel , Pirš Tina , Slavec Brigita , Luštrik Roman , Zemljič Tadej , Bártová Eva , Stranjac Bojana , Kastelic Marjan 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectiveEvaluation of tear production (Schirmer's tear test, STT) and measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP) were performed in a population of captive wild ungulates in a Slovenian ZOO during routine annual health check.Animals studiedIn total, 10 fallow deer (Dama dama), 25 mouflons (Ovis aries musimon), 20 alpine ibexes (Capra ibex), and three alpine chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) were included in the study.MethodsTear production was performed by Schirmer's tear test, IOP was measured with an applanation tonometer, and ophthalmological examination was conducted with slit‐lamp biomicroscopy and indirect ophthalmoscopy. Conjunctival swabs were taken and submitted for aerobic bacteriology and for detection of Chlamydia spp. and Mycoplasma spp. tested by PCR.ResultsAverage tear production (in mm/min) was 17.8 ± 3.16 for fallow deer, 17.9 ± 3.87 for mouflons, and 11.7 ± 3.87 for ibexes. Mean intraocular pressure (IOP, in mm Hg) was 14.1 ± 2.48 for fallow deer, 14.9 ± 2.20 for mouflons, and 13.1 ± 2.43 for ibexes. For chamois, average tear production and IOP were 14.5 ± 3.0 and 10.2 ± 2.5, respectively; this is the first record of STT I and IOP in chamois. Bacteriological swabs were positive for bacteria in 100% of the fallow deer, 56% of mouflons, 35% of ibexes, and 100% of chamois. Gram‐positive bacteria were predominant. Moraxella spp., Chlamydia spp., and Mycoplasma spp. were not detected.ConclusionThe reported values were obtained in animals under manual restraint only to be applicative in similar conditions.
On the topology of Diophantine approximation spectra
Authors: Roy Damien 
Published: May 2017

Fix an integer$n\geqslant 2$. To each non-zero point$\mathbf{u}$in$\mathbb{R}^{n}$, one attaches several numbers calledexponents of Diophantine approximation. However, as Khintchine first observed, these numbers are not independent of each other. This raises the problem of describing the set of all possible values that a given family of exponents can take by varying the point $\mathbf{u}$. To avoid trivialities, one restricts to points $\mathbf{u}$whose coordinates are linearly independent over $\mathbb{Q}$. The resulting set of values is called thespectrum of these exponents. We show that, in an appropriate setting, any such spectrum is a compact connected set. In the case$n=3$, we prove moreover that it is a semi-algebraic set closed under component-wise minimum. For$n=3$, we also obtain a description of the spectrum of the exponents$(\text{}\underline{\unicode[STIX]{x1D711}}_{1},\text{}\underline{\unicode[STIX]{x1D711}}_{2},\text{}\underline{\unicode[STIX]{x1D711}}_{3},\overline{\unicode[STIX]{x1D711}}_{1},\overline{\unicode[STIX]{x1D711}}_{2},\overline{\unicode[STIX]{x1D711}}_{3})$recently introduced by Schmidt and Summerer.
Effectiveness of psychosocial interventions on the psychological health and wellbeing of family carers of people with dementia following residential care placement: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Brooks Deborah , Fielding Elaine , Beattie Elizabeth , Edwards Helen , Hines Sonia 
Published: May 2017

Review question/objective:
The objective of this review is to identify, appraise and synthesize existing evidence regarding the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions on the psychological health and emotional wellbeing of family carers of people with dementia who have moved into residential care.
More specifically, the objectives are to determine the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions on any of these family carer outcomes after placement in residential care: burden, anxiety, stress, depression, guilt, grief and loss, quality of life and satisfaction with the care of the person with dementia.
Pediatric tonsillectomy quality of life assessment instruments: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Kao Stephen S. , Peters Micah D.J. , Ooi Eng H. 
Published: May 2017

Review question/objective:
The objective of this scoping review is to investigate quality of life (QoL) questionnaires available to pediatric patients following tonsillectomies with or without adenoidectomies for chronic infection or sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). The scoping review will aim to map the components of each QoL questionnaire assessed including frequency of use, age parameters, respondent, domains assessed, format and psychometric properties. Questionnaire format will be summarized into respondent and administrator burden by identifying the number of questions present, scale utilized and time to completion. The scoping review will report on whether psychometric analysis in terms of test reliability and validity was assessed in the included papers as well as the results of those assessments.
Specifically, the review question is: what QoL questionnaires are available for pediatric patients following tonsillectomies with or without adenoidectomies for chronic infections or SDB?
Bartonella Species, an Emerging Cause of Blood-Culture-Negative Endocarditis
Authors: Okaro Udoka , Addisu Anteneh , Casanas Beata , Anderson Burt 
Published: May 2017

SUMMARY

Since the reclassification of the genus
Bartonella
in 1993, the number of species has grown from 1 to 45 currently designated members. Likewise, the association of different
Bartonella
species with human disease continues to grow, as does the range of clinical presentations associated with these bacteria. Among these, blood-culture-negative endocarditis stands out as a common, often undiagnosed, clinical presentation of infection with several different
Bartonella
species. The limitations of laboratory tests resulting in this underdiagnosis of
Bartonella
endocarditis are discussed. The varied clinical picture of
Bartonella
infection and a review of clinical aspects of endocarditis caused by
Bartonella
are presented. We also summarize the current knowledge of the molecular basis of
Bartonella
pathogenesis, focusing on surface adhesins in the two
Bartonella
species that most commonly cause endocarditis,
B. henselae
and
B. quintana
. We discuss evidence that surface adhesins are important factors for autoaggregation and biofilm formation by
Bartonella
species. Finally, we propose that biofilm formation is a critical step in the formation of vegetative masses during
Bartonella
-mediated endocarditis and represents a potential reservoir for persistence by these bacteria.
Genetic and Epidemiologic Trends of Norovirus Outbreaks in the United States from 2013 to 2016 Demonstrated Emergence of Novel GII.4 Recombinant Viruses
Authors: Cannon Jennifer L. , Barclay Leslie , Collins Nikail R. , Wikswo Mary E. , Castro Christina J. , Magaña Laura Cristal , Gregoricus Nicole , Marine Rachel L. , Chhabra Preeti , Vinjé Jan 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTNoroviruses are the most frequent cause of epidemic acute gastroenteritis in the United States. Between September 2013 and August 2016, 2,715 genotyped norovirus outbreaks were submitted to CaliciNet. GII.4 Sydney viruses caused 58% of the outbreaks during these years. A GII.4 Sydney virus with a novel GII.P16 polymerase emerged in November 2015, causing 60% of all GII.4 outbreaks in the 2015-2016 season. Several genotypes detected were associated with more than one polymerase type, including GI.3, GII.2, GII.3, GII.4 Sydney, GII.13, and GII.17, four of which harbored GII.P16 polymerases. GII.P16 polymerase sequences associated with GII.2 and GII.4 Sydney viruses were nearly identical, suggesting common ancestry. Other common genotypes, each causing 5 to 17% of outbreaks in a season, included GI.3, GI.5, GII.2, GII.3, GII.6, GII.13, and GII.17 Kawasaki 308. Acquisition of alternative RNA polymerases by recombination is an important mechanism for norovirus evolution and a phenomenon that was shown to occur more frequently than previously recognized in the United States. Continued molecular surveillance of noroviruses, including typing of both polymerase and capsid genes, is important for monitoring emerging strains in our continued efforts to reduce the overall burden of norovirus disease.