bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post-traumatic stress disorder: Women – Ecuador
Authors: Valdez V. , Veloz J. , Rueda D. , Santana C. 
Published: May 2016

ObjectivesTo determine the incidence of traumatic events in Ecuadorian women exposed to domestic violence and other complex social situations and their relationship with PTSD.MethodsWe applied a transversal descriptive study accomplished by the INEC (National Institute of Statistics and Census). The INEC recruited Ecuadorian women from 15 years old and more, the surveys were focused on this population. In total, 18,800 rural and urban housings were selected all over the country, 24 provinces. Date of the survey: November 16–December 15 of 2011. A, D and G were taken as references for guidelines following the criteria diagnosis of DSM V (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) to determine a Traumatic Event.ResultsThe average age of the sample was 28 years old. The standard deviation was 21, ages: 15–25 years old: 14.265 (21.6%), 25–35 years old: 9.324 (14.1%), 35–45 years old: 8.132 (12.3%), 45–55 years old: 6.283 (9.5%), 55–65 years old: 4.302 (6.5%), > 65 years old: 23.745 (35.9%). Prevalence of the traumatic event (DSM-V) 4.6%. Women experienced any kind of violence 60.6%: 61.4% urban, 58.% rural. Types of abuse: psychological: 53.9%, physical: 38.0; sexual, patrimonial: 35.3%. Domestic violence 76.0% y other types of violence 24.0%.ConclusionDomestic violence rate is high, also, in this study, we determined that women face an important index of violence during their daily activities. Psychological abuse is the highest abuse, higher in the urban areas. These results based on acute traumatic events may predispose women to develop PTSD. The prevalence of traumatic events must be an alert to the Mental Health Organizations, not only in Ecuador but also in Latin American.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Early detection and treatment of mental illness in the workplace – an intervention study
Authors: Sørensen H. , Valentin J. , Bording M.K. , Larsen J.I. , Larsen A. , Omland Ø. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionConditions of depression and anxiety among employees’ leads to increased absenteeism and decreased social and professional function.ObjectivesTo test a collaborative model for contributing to mental health at work at the lowest interference and highest possible availability among Danish workers.AimsTo investigate the effect of early detection and treatment in order to interrupt and improve conditions of clinical and sub-clinical levels of mental illness.MethodsSelf-reporting questionnaires were used for identification of clinical and sub-clinical cases of mental illness and for follow-up. Four questionnaires were distributed to all employees in six medium-large companies in Denmark (n = 1292) during a period of 16 months. Employees meeting the screening criteria were assessed diagnostically. Outpatient psychiatric treatment was offered to employees diagnosed with mental illness and preventive CBT-session to those assessed with sub-clinical conditions. Follow-up questionnaires were filled out after 6 and 12 months. Data were analysed using repeated measure mixed effects linear regression.ResultsOf the 587 (55%) employees that returned the questionnaires, 58 were referred to either outpatient psychiatric treatment (n = 38) or preventive treatment (n = 20). Levels of psychopathology decreased significantly in both treated groups. Comparing with the pre-treatment period, a significant positive difference in change in psychopathology was detected for employees in psychiatric treatment. Measured up to healthy controls, the self-perceived level of stress also decreased significantly among employees in psychiatric treatment.ConclusionsAn integrated collaborative model for early detection and treatment was beneficial in order to interrupt and improve the course of mental health problems among Danish employees.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Health-seeking attitudes and existing support services for psychiatric trainees
Authors: Conde E. , Lomax A. , Santos T. , Pattyn T. , Skjødt C. ,   E.R.G. HELP Project
Published: May 2016

IntroductionConcern for medical doctors’ health has been widely recognized over the past ten years. EFPT is aware of the heterogeneity of support set up for doctors in distress, recognizing the need for further cross-Europe research.AimsThe EFPT “HELP Project” was designed to investigate psychiatry trainees’ perceptions of and attitudes towards health seeking at a Europe-wide scale. Furthermore, it aims to determine what services are available in Europe specifically to support physicians’ health.MethodsMultinational, cross-sectional survey conducted in 14 European countries between 2013 and 2014. Data collection was accomplished by an anonymous online or hard copy questionnaire. Completion implied consent to participate. Data was analysed using SPSS v20.0.ResultsOf the respondent trainees, 57.7% were from developed economies; 46.2% under 30 years; 26.9% males. Ninety-eight per cent said they would have surgery in the public sector, versus 42.3% who agree to get treatment there for an eating disorder, depression (28.8%) or addiction (17.3%). Trainees from developing economies were significantly less confident in using public sector help for mental health difficulties. When asked for advice regarding the same problems in their fellow trainees, they said they would recommend public sector help. Specific services for doctors exist in the UK, Spain, The Netherlands and Switzerland, but most trainees said there were no services locally.ConclusionThe EFPT believes specialised physician health services are needed to ensure doctors seek help when necessary, while avoiding feeling stigmatised or punished in doing so. The authors plan to create a ‘survival guide’ for European trainees in distress, with collated information about local services for doctors.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Psychosis among HIV-infected patients –a serious and complex association
Authors: Marinho M. , Marques J. , Bragança M. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionPsychosis represents an uncommon but serious complication in the course of HIV infection, and always requires a careful differential diagnosis.ObjectivesTo provide an overview of psychosis in HIV-infected patients.MethodsLiterature review based on PubMed/MEDLINE, using the keywords “HIV” and “psychosis”.ResultsPsychosis in HIV-positive individuals can be divided into psychotic disorders predating HIV infection and new-onset psychotic disorders in HIV-seropositive patients. The pathophysiology of psychosis in this population is complex and a multifactorial etiology is likely in most instances. The authors will analyze them and describe the differences of psychopathological pattern in first-episode psychosis between HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients. Antipsychotic agents are the treatments of choice regardless of the underlying diagnosis. However, they should always be used at the lowest possible dose for the shortest possible duration. Increased sensitivity to extrapyramidal reactions, high risk for dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia, potential interactions between HAART and some antipsychotic agents are also important considerations. Importantly, psychosis may be a harbinger of dementia. Cross-sectional studies have also suggested that psychosis may adversely impact the morbidity and mortality associated with HIV-infection.ConclusionsPsychosis disorders may arise before or at any time during the course of HIV infection. A solid understanding of the complex relationship between psychosis and HIV allows for better evaluation and more effective treatment for psychotic individuals at risk for or infected with HIV. Thus, both HIV care programs and psychiatric care clinics should be made familiar with this important subject.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Neuroleptic effect in aggressive mice after the transplantation of immune cells treated in vitro with chlorpromazine
Authors: Markova E. , Knyazheva M. , Shushpanova T. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionExistence of integration, mutual relations of nervous and immune systems, which cellular elements are characterized by expressed phenotype and functional similarity, means the possibility of immune cells participation in the regulation of higher nervous activity.ObjectivesPreviously, we demonstrated the possibility of targeted regulation of animal's behavior by the transplantation of immune cells with definite functional characteristics. Based on the our previous research results in the present study, we investigated the modulating effect of the immune cells, treated in vitro with chlorpromazine on the nervous and immune systems functional activity in aggressive mice.Methods(CBA × C57Bl/6) F1 aggressive mice, exposed to 10-days chronic social stress, were undergoing the transplantation of immune cells in vitro treated with chlorpromazine. Animal's behavioral parameters, cytokines synthesis in the brain and immune cells before and after transplantation were estimated.ResultsIt was shown that aggression is associated with the increased production of spleen T-helper 1 cell-derived cytokines IL-2 and IFNγ, as well as decreased TNFα production by the spleen mononuclear phagocyte cells. These alterations were more pronounced following mitogen stimulation. Spleen cells, obtaining from aggressive mice, were treated in vitro with chlorpromazine and then injected intravenously into syngeneic aggressive recipients. The cell's transplantation led to the reduction of the recipient's motor activity in the “open field” and Porsolt swimming tests and normalized cytokines synthesis in the brain and immune cells.ConclusionResearch results demonstrated the neuroleptic effect in aggressive mice, obtained by the transplantation of immune cells treated in vitro with chlorpromazine.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Family functioning and individual psychopathology in a non-clinical general population
Authors: Adamis D. , Petmeza I. , McCarthy G. , Tsamparli A. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionA family “constructs” an identity of its own derived from their assumptions about relationships and the social environment they live in. This identity transcends the individual while at the same time encourages individual differentiation. Family functioning is influenced from different factors like social context, qualitative characteristics, and from individual's medical or psychiatric condition.Aims and objectivesTo examined the effects of sociodemographic factors and individual psychopathology on the function of family in a non-clinical sample.MethodsCross-sectional study of participants and their families. The follow data collected:–demographics (age, gender, occupation, education);–description of the family (number of members, single parents family, adoption);–history of mental or physical illnesses;–Family Assessment Device (FAD);–Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90).ResultsThe sample constituted of 151 families, (453 individuals), in 48 families, 2 family members participated, in 56 families, 3 members participated, in 46 families 4 members participated and 1 family had 5 members participating. One hundred ninety-four (42.8%) were children and 259 (57.2%) were parents. The mean age of the children was 23.62 (SD: 6.35) and 68 (35%) were males. Mean age of the parents was 51.4 (SD: 8.2) and 117 (45.2%) were males. SCL-90 identified 183 participants as caseness. Multilevel analysis showed that individual psychopathology (caseness) was the only statistical significant factor for family dysfunctioning.ConclusionThere is strong association between family dysfunction and psychopathology of a member. Dysfunctional families need further psychiatric evaluation of the members. Cause-effect cannot be concluded from this cross-sectional study.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Psychometric evaluation of a 33-item subset of MOODS-SR for distinguishing bipolar disorder
Authors: Ioannou M. , Dellepiane M. , Benvenuti A. , Feloukatzis K. , Skondra N. , Steingrimsson S. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionThe MOODS-SR is a self-report instrument consisting of 161 dichotomous items. It is designed to assess lifetime presence of mood spectrum psychopathology. Recently, it has been proposed that a subset of 33 items can be used to distinguishing bipolar disorder.AimTo evaluate psychometric properties of a 33-item subset and to propose a clinically relevant cut-off for screening for bipolar disorder.MethodsPatients with mood disorders were recruited from outpatient services at Sahlgrenska University Hospital. Patients and a convenience sample of healthy controls were offered to fill in the MOODS-SR. A post-hoc analysis was conducted for the 33-items subset of the MOODS-SR.ResultsThe subset showed high internal consistency (Cronbach α = 0.95). The mean scores of patients with bipolar disorder (22.7 ± 6.4) were significantly higher than those of the unipolar (11.3 ± 4.9) and control group (7.0 ± 7.0, P < 0.005). A significant correlation was found between YMRS (r = 0.50, P < 0.005) and the 33-item subset, but not with MADRS (r = –0.22, P = 0.223).ConclusionThe 33-item subset of MOODS-SR showed promising psychometric properties, including good known-group validity. It discriminated bipolar patients from unipolar patients and healthy subjects. The clinical usefulness of these finding needs further investigation.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Mood instability and clinical outcomes in mental health disorders: A natural language processing (NLP) study
Authors: Patel R. , Lloyd T. , Jackson R. , Ball M. , Shetty H. , Broadbent M. , Geddes J.R. , Stewart R. , McGuire P. , Taylor M. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionMood instability is an important problem but has received relatively little research attention. Natural language processing (NLP) is a novel method, which can used to automatically extract clinical data from electronic health records (EHRs).AimsTo extract mood instability data from EHRs and investigate its impact on people with mental health disorders.MethodsData on mood instability were extracted using NLP from 27,704 adults receiving care from the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust (SLaM) for affective, personality or psychotic disorders. These data were used to investigate the association of mood instability with different mental disorders and with hospitalisation and treatment outcomes.ResultsMood instability was documented in 12.1% of people included in the study. It was most frequently documented in people with bipolar disorder (22.6%), but was also common in personality disorder (17.8%) and schizophrenia (15.5%). It was associated with a greater number of days spent in hospital (B coefficient 18.5, 95% CI 12.1–24.8), greater frequency of hospitalisation (incidence rate ratio 1.95, 1.75–2.17), and an increased likelihood of prescription of antipsychotics (2.03, 1.75–2.35).ConclusionsUsing NLP, it was possible to identify mood instability in a large number of people, which would otherwise not have been possible by manually reading clinical records. Mood instability occurs in a wide range of mental disorders. It is generally associated with poor clinical outcomes. These findings suggest that clinicians should screen for mood instability across all common mental health disorders. The data also highlight the utility of NLP for clinical research.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Blonanserin augmentation in patients with schizophrenia – who is benefited from blonanserin augmentation?: An open-label, prospective, multicenter study
Authors: Woo Y.S. , Park J.E. , Kim D.H. , Sohn I.K. , Hwang T.Y. , Park Y.M. , Jon D.I. , Jeong J.H. , Yoon B.H. , Bahk W.M. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionEvidences for antipsychotics augmentation for schizophrenic patients with suboptimal efficacy have been lacking although it has been widespread therapeutic strategy in clinical practice.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of blonanserin augmentation with an atypical antipsychotics (AAPs) in schizophrenic patients.MethodsA total of 100 patients with schizophrenia partially or completely unresponsive to treatment with an AAP recruited in this 12-week, open-label, non-comparative, multicenter study. Blonanserin was added to existing AAPs which were maintained during the study period. Efficacy was primarily evaluated using Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) at baseline, week 2, 4, 8, and 12. Predictors for PANSS response (≥ 20% reduction) was investigated.ResultsThe PANSS total score was significantly decreased at 12 weeks after blonanserin augmentation (–21.0 ± 18.1, F = 105.849, P < 0.001). Response rate on PANSS at week 12 was 51.0%. Premature discontinuation was occurred in 17 patients (17.0%) and 4 patients among them discontinued the study due to adverse events. Nine patients experienced significant weight gain during the study. Response to blonanserin augmentation was associated with severe (PANSS > 85) baseline symptom (OR = 10.298, P = 0.007) and higher dose (> 600 mg/day of chlorpromazine equivalent dose) of existing AAPs (OR = 4.594, P = 0.014).ConclusionsBlonanserin augmentation improved psychiatric symptoms of schizophrenic patients in cases of partial or non-responsive to an AAP treatment with favorable tolerability. Patients with severe symptom despite treatment with higher dose of AAP were benefited from this augmentation. These results suggested that blonanserin augmentation could be an effective strategy for specific patients with schizophrenia.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Superficial neurostimulation application, alpha rhythm and clinical effects
Authors: Rico P. , Aranguren P. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionThe alpha rhythm (EEG) in prefrontal regions has been related with the emotional equilibrium, predisposition for a positive mood (Urry et al., 2004) and the activation of the approximation system (Davidson and Irwin, 1999). Superficial neurostimulation application (SNSA) provokes an increase of such rhythm in prefrontal and temporal areas (Bardasano et al., 2010).AimsTo demonstrate that the increase of alpha synchronization is a common factor in the satisfactory evolution of patients with different pathologies.MethodsThirty patients with different symptoms (hostility, anxiety, bruxism and obsessive symptoms) received 20 weekly sessions of 45 minutes long using the SNSA.Materials–SNSA topology system: it is a machine for superficial stimulation that uses electricity through superficial electrodes which are placed on feet and hands and an electrode over the 7th cervical vertebra;–digital encephalogram;–Faraday cage.ResultsThe alpha rhythm was incremented in 85% of the cases in anterior regions of the brain, related with the improvement of scale's punctuation.ConclusionThe alpha rhythm has been showed to be presented in all individuals that improved their symptoms after the application of SNSA (Fig. 1).Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Effect of an acceptance and commitment group therapy in the treatment of panic disorder and agoraphobia. A preliminary study
Authors: Leon-quismondo L. , Lopez-rios F. , Rodriguez-pedraza E. , Fernandez-liria A. , Lahera G. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionAcceptance and commitment therapy for the treatment of panic disorder and agoraphobia has been a big boost in last years, and there are preliminary studies about its efficacy. However, most studies have used individual interventions.ObjectivesEvaluate the effect of an acceptance and commitment group therapy in patients with panic disorder and agoraphobia.MethodsThe sample consisted of 24 patients, aged between 18 and 55 years old, who were referred to groups by psychologists and psychiatrists of Mental Health Center. The intervention in each group consisted of 12 treatment sessions of 1 h 30 m duration, weekly. One pretest and posttest evaluation was conducted. The variables studied were: severity of panic disorder (Panic Disorder Severity Scale [PDSS]), fear of physical sensations (Body Sensations Questionnaire [BSQ]), frequency of catastrophic thoughts (Agoraphobic Cognitions Questionnaire [ACQ]) and level of experiential avoidance (Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II [AAQ-II]).ResultsThe mean scores for all variables studied decreased in the post-evaluation. Means in post-evaluation were significantly lower (t Student, a = 0.10) in three of the four variables studied: severity of the condition (P = 0.001), frequency of catastrophic thoughts (P = 0.038) and level experiential avoidance (P = 0.073). In other words, patients had fewer panic attacks after treatment, and those who had were less intense, they had less catastrophic thoughts about consequences of anxiety, and they were better to accept their feelings and thoughts.ConclusionsAlthough it is necessary to continue the study with a larger sample, these preliminary results support the use of ACT in group format in the treatment of panic disorder and agoraphobia.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Canadian psychiatry utilization trends
Authors: Radu G. , Harris N. , Hessen J. , Fowler K. , Pickett S. , Wenhui Ren K. , Harris G.E. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionThe number of psychiatrists continues to grow in Canada. Patient psychiatry utilization statistics, including reasons for termination of such services, are important factors that have the potential to impact future Canadian and international psychiatry service policies and practices. In addition, understanding the reasons for psychiatry service termination is necessary to improve service quality and effectiveness.AimsThis study focused on utilization trends, perceived effectiveness of psychiatry services, and reasons for termination of psychiatry services in Canada.MethodPrevalence of psychiatry service use, perceived effectiveness, and reasons for termination of such services were investigated in a Canadian sample (n = 25,113). Prevalence rates were investigated by geography, sex, and age. Data were self-reported and collected through a national Canadian phone survey focused on mental and physical health.ResultsResults highlight that a small percentage of participants reported utilizing psychiatry services. The majority of participants using such services perceived them as useful. Across geographical regions, reasons for discontinuing services were most often related to completing treatment, feeling better, or not seeing the treatment as helpful.ConclusionsThis study explored psychiatry utilization trends, perceived psychiatry effectiveness, and reasons for patient termination of such services. Results are explored through a geographical region breakdown, sex differences, and age stratification. Implications for policy, practice, and training are discussed from a Canadian and international perspective.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.