bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attachment styles and clinical correlates in people at ultra high risk for psychosis
Authors: Russo Debra A. , Stochl Jan , Hodgekins Joanne , Iglesias‐González Maria , Chipps Penelope , Painter Michelle , Jones Peter B. , Perez Jesus 
Published: April 2017

Evidence suggests that attachment styles may influence subclinical psychosis phenotypes (schizotypy) and affective disorders and may play a part in the association between psychosis and childhood adversity. However, the role of attachment in the initial stages of psychosis remains poorly understood. Our main aim was to describe and compare attachment styles in 60 individuals at ultra high risk for psychosis (UHR) and a matched sample of 60 healthy volunteers (HV). The HV had lower anxious and avoidant attachment scores than the UHR individuals (p < .001). Sixty‐nine percentage of the UHR group had more than one DSM‐IV diagnosis, mainly affective and anxiety disorders. The UHR group experienced more trauma (p < .001) and more mood and anxiety symptoms (p < .001). Interestingly, in our UHR group, only schizotypy paranoia was correlated with insecure attachment. In the HV group, depression, anxiety, schizotypy paranoia, and social anxiety were correlated with insecure attachment. This difference and some discrepancies with previous studies involving UHR suggest that individuals at UHR may compose a heterogeneous group; some experience significant mood and/or anxiety symptoms that may not be explained by specific attachment styles. Nonetheless, measuring attachment in UHR individuals could help maximize therapeutic relationships to enhance recovery.
The added value of world views over self‐views: Predicting modest behaviour in Eastern and Western cultures
Authors: Chen Sylvia Xiaohua , Ng Jacky C. K. , Buchtel Emma E. , Guan Yanjun , Deng Hong , Bond Michael Harris 
Published: April 2017

Personality research has been focused on different aspects of the self, including traits, attitudes, beliefs, goals, and motivation. These aspects of the self are used to explain and predict social behaviour. The present research assessed generalized beliefs about the world, termed ‘social axioms’ (Leung et al., ), and examined their additive power over beliefs about the self in explaining a communal behaviour, that is, modesty. Three studies predicted reported modest behaviour among Mainland Chinese, Hong Kong Chinese, East Asian Canadians, and European Canadians. In addition to self‐reports in Studies 1 and 2, informant reports from participants’ parents and close friends were collected in Study 3 to construct a behavioural composite after examining the resulting multitrait–multimethod matrix and intraclass correlations. World views (operationalized as social axioms) explained additional variance in modest behaviour over and above self‐views (operationalized as self‐efficacy, self‐construals, and trait modesty) in both Eastern and Western cultures. Variation in reports on three factors of modest behaviour was found across self‐, parent, and friend perspectives, with significant differences across perspectives in self‐effacement and other‐enhancement, but not in avoidance of attention‐seeking.
Optimum outcome achievement in partial nephrectomy for T1 renal masses: a contemporary analysis of open and robot‐assisted cases
Authors: Maurice Matthew J. , Ramirez Daniel , Kara Önder , Malkoç Ercan , Nelson Ryan J. , Fareed Khaled , Stein Robert J. , Fergany Amr F. , Kaouk Jihad H. 
Published: April 2017

ObjectivesTo compare optimum outcome achievement in open partial nephrectomy (OPN) with that in robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN).Patients and methodsUsing our institutional partial nephrectomy (PN) database, we reviewed 605 cases performed for unifocal clinical T1 renal masses in non‐solitary kidneys between 2011 and 2015. Tetrafecta, which was defined as negative surgical margins, freedom from peri‐operative complications, ≥80% renal function preservation, and no chronic kidney disease upstaging, was chosen as the composite optimum outcome. Factors associated with tetrafecta achievement were assessed using multivariable logistic regression, with adjustment for age, gender, race, Charlson comorbidity score, body mass index, chronic kidney disease, tumour size, tumour complexity and approach.ResultsThe overall tetrafecta achievement rate was 38%. Negative margins, freedom from complications, and optimum functional preservation were achieved in 97.1%, 73.6% and 54.2% of cases, respectively. For T1a masses, the tetrafecta achievement rate was similar between approaches (P = 0.97), but for T1b masses, the robot‐assisted approach achieved significantly higher tetrafecta rates (43.0% vs 21.3%; P < 0.01). On multivariable analysis, the robot‐assisted approach had 2.6‐fold higher odds of tetrafecta achievement than the open approach, primarily because of lower peri‐operative morbidity, specifically related to wound complications. Positive surgical margin rates and renal function preservation were similar in the two approaches.ConclusionsOptimum outcomes are readily achieved regardless of PN approach. The robot‐assisted approach may facilitate optimum outcome achievement for 4–7‐cm masses by minimizing wound complications.
Chronic inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase by URB597 produces differential effects on cardiac performance in normotensive and hypertensive rats
Authors: Pędzińska‐Betiuk Anna , Weresa Jolanta , Toczek Marek , Baranowska‐Kuczko Marta , Kasacka Irena , Harasim‐Symbor Ewa , Malinowska Barbara 
Published: April 2017

Background and PurposeFatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitors are postulated to possess anti‐hypertensive potential, because their acute injection decreases BP in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), partly through normalization of cardiac contractile function. Here, we examined whether the potential hypotensive effect of chronic FAAH inhibition by URB597 in hypertensive rats correlated with changes in cardiac performance.Experimental ApproachExperiments were performed using perfused hearts and left atria isolated from 8‐ to 10–week‐old SHR, age‐matched deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)‐salt rats and normotensive controls chronically treated with URB597 (1 mg·kg−1) or vehicle.Key ResultsURB597 decreased BP only in the DOCA‐salt rats, along with a reduction of ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic stiffness, determined in hypertension. We also observed normalization of the negative inotropic atrial response to the cannabinoid receptor agonist CP55940. In the SHR model, URB597 normalized (atria) and enhanced (hearts) the positive ino‐ and chronotropic effects of the β‐adrenoceptor agonist isoprenaline respectively. Ventricular CB1 and CB2 receptor expression was decreased only in the DOCA‐salt model, whereas FAAH expression was reduced in both models. URB597 caused translocation of CB1 receptor immunoreactivity to the intercalated discs in the hearts of SHR. URB597 increased cardiac diastolic stiffness and modified the ino‐ and lusitropic effects of isoprenaline in normotensive rats.Conclusion and ImplicationsHypotensive effect of chronic FAAH inhibition depend on the model of hypertension and partly correlate with improved cardiac performance. In normotensive rats, chronic FAAH inhibition produced several side‐effects. Thus, the therapeutic potential of these agents should be interpreted cautiously.
Inhibition of semicarbazide‐sensitive amine oxidase/vascular adhesion protein‐1 reduces lipopolysaccharide‐induced neuroinflammation
Authors: Becchi Serena , Buson Alberto , Foot Jonathan , Jarolimek Wolfgang , Balleine Bernard W 
Published: April 2017

Background and PurposeNeuroinflammation is initiated by a variety of stimuli including infections, sepsis, neurodegenerative diseases or traumatic brain injury and, if not adequately controlled, can lead to various degrees of neuronal damage and behavioural impairment. A critical event in the initial steps of inflammation is neutrophil extravasation. Semicarbazide‐sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO, also known as vascular adhesion protein 1 or VAP‐1) regulates neutrophil adhesion and extravasation. Here, we elucidate the role of SSAO/VAP‐1 in the early stage inflammatory response after LPS insult in the brain.Experimental ApproachPXS‐4681A, a selective and irreversible SSAO/VAP‐1 inhibitor, was tested in two rat models of neuroinflammation, following systemic or i.c.v. LPS. Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence techniques were used to measure neutrophils and microglia. VAP‐1 was quantitated by Western blotting.Key ResultsBoth systemic and i.c.v. administration of LPS induced an increase in neutrophil recruitment and microglial response in various brain areas including the substantia nigra and striatum. PXS‐4681A produced a significant inhibition of neutrophil recruitment and extravasation after i.c.v. LPS injection and also reversed microglial cell recruitment and morphological changes to the level of the sham controls in both LPS models.Conclusions and ImplicationsPXS‐4681A acted as an effective anti‐inflammatory agent after both systemic and i.c.v. LPS injections suggesting that SSAO/VAP‐1 inhibition could be beneficial in the treatment of brain inflammation.
Activation of AMP‐activated protein kinase by metformin ablates angiotensin II‐induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and hypertension in mice in vivo
Authors: Duan Quanlu , Song Ping , Ding Ye , Zou Ming‐Hui 
Published: April 2017

Background and PurposeMetformin, one of the most frequently prescribed medications for type 2 diabetes, reportedly exerts BP‐lowering effects in patients with diabetes. However, the effects and underlying mechanisms of metformin on BP in non‐diabetic conditions remain to be determined. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of metformin on angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion‐induced hypertension in vivo.Experimental ApproachThe effects of metformin on BP were investigated in wild‐type (WT) C57BL/6J mice and in mice lacking AMP‐activated protein kinase α2 (AMPKα2) mice with or without Ang II infusion. Also, the effect of metformin on Ang II‐induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was explored in cultured human vascular smooth muscle cells (hVSMCs).Key ResultsMetformin markedly reduced BP in Ang II‐infused WT mice but not in AMPKα2‐deficient mice. In cultured hVSMCs, Ang II treatment resulted in inactivation of AMPK, as well as the subsequent induction of spliced X‐box binding protein‐1, phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α and expression of glucose‐regulated protein 78 kDa, representing three well‐characterized ER stress biomarkers. Moreover, AMPK activation by metformin ablated Ang II‐induced ER stress in hVSMCs. Mechanistically, metformin‐activated AMPKα2 suppressed ER stress by increasing phospholamban phosphorylation.Conclusion and ImplicationsMetformin alleviates Ang II‐triggered hypertension in mice by activating AMPKα2, which mediates phospholamban phosphorylation and inhibits Ang II‐induced ER stress in vascular smooth muscle cells.
A critical assessment of the synthesis and biological activity of p53/human double minute 2‐stapled peptide inhibitors
Authors: Wallbrecher Rike , Chène Patrick , Ruetz Stephan , Stachyra Therese , Vorherr Thomas , Brock Roland 
Published: April 2017

Background and PurposeHelix stapling enhances the activity of peptides that interact with a target protein in a helical conformation. These staples are also supposed to change the pharmacokinetics of the molecules and promote cytoplasmic targeting. We assessed the extent to which the pharmacokinetic characteristics are a function of the staple for a peptide inhibiting the interaction of p53 with the human double minute 2 (Hdm2) protein and differ from those of the standard cationic cell‐penetrating peptide nona‐arginine.Experimental ApproachStapled peptides and linear counterparts were synthesized in free and fluorescently labelled forms. Activity was determined in biochemical time‐resolved Förster resonance energy transfer experiments and cellular high‐content assays. Cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking were visualized by confocal microscopy.Key ResultsPeptides showed sub‐nanomolar potency. For short‐time incubation, uptake efficiencies for the stapled and linear peptides were similar and both were taken up less efficiently than nona‐arginine. Only for SJSA‐1 cells expressing the Hdm2 target protein, the stapled peptides showed an enhanced cytoplasmic and nuclear accumulation after long‐term incubation. This was also observed for the linear counterparts, albeit to a lesser degree. For HeLa cells, which lack target expression, no such accumulation was observed.Conclusion and ImplicationsCytosolic and nuclear accumulation was not an intrinsic property of the stapled peptide, but resulted from capture by the target Hdm2 after endo‐lysosomal release. Considering the rather poor uptake of stapled peptides, further development should focus on increasing the efficiency of uptake of these peptides.
Modelling mangrove propagule dispersal trajectories using high‐resolution estimates of ocean surface winds and currents
Authors: Van der Stocken Tom , Menemenlis Dimitris 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMangrove forests are systems that provide ecosystem services and rely on floating propagules of which the dispersal trajectories are determined by ocean currents and winds. Quantitating connectivity of mangrove patches is an important conservation concern. Current estimates of connectivity, however, fail to integrate the link between ocean currents at different spatial scales and dispersal trajectories. Here, we use high‐resolution estimates of ocean currents and surface winds from meteorological and oceanographic analyses, in conjunction with experimental data on propagule traits (e.g., density, size, and shape) and dispersal vector properties (e.g., strength and direction of water and wind currents). We incorporate these data in a dispersal model to illustrate the potential effect of wind on dispersal trajectories of hydrochorous propagules from different mangrove species. We focus on the Western Indian Ocean, including the Mozambique Channel, which has received much attention because of its reported oceanic complexity, to illustrate the effect of oceanic features such as eddy currents and tides. In spite of the complex pattern of ocean surface currents and winds, some propagules are able to cross the Mozambique Channel. Eddy currents and tides may delay arrival at a suitable site. Experimentally demonstrated differences in wind sensitivity among propagule types were shown to affect the probability of departure and the shape of dispersal trajectories. The model could be used to reconstruct current fluxes of mangrove propagules that may help explain past and current distributions of mangrove forests and assess the potential for natural expansion of these forests.
Blurred lines between competition and parasitism
Authors: Stewart Tara E. , Schnitzer Stefan A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAccurately describing the ecological relationships between species is more than mere semantics–doing so has profound practical and applied implications, not the least of which is that inaccurate descriptions can lead to fundamentally incorrect predicted outcomes of community composition and functioning. Accurate ecological classifications are particularly important in the context of global change, where species interactions can change rapidly following shifts in species composition. Here, we argue that many common ecological interactions–particularly competition and parasitism–can be easily confused and that we often lack empirical evidence for the full reciprocal interaction among species. To make our case and to propose a theoretical framework for addressing this problem, we use the interactions between lianas and trees, whose outcomes have myriad implications for the ecology and conservation of tropical forests (e.g., Schnitzer et al. 2015).
Measuring family‐centred practices of professionals in early intervention services in Taiwan
Authors: Kang L.‐J. , Palisano R. J. , Simeonsson R. J. , Hwang A.‐W. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundFamily‐centred practices emphasize professional supports for forming partnerships with families in early intervention. The Measure of Processes of Care for Service Providers (MPOC‐SP) measures the perceptions of paediatric service providers in supporting children and families. This study aimed to establish reliability of the Chinese version of the MPOC‐SP (C‐MPOC‐SP) and to examine professional perceptions of family‐centred practices in relation to professional discipline and years of experience.MethodsA convenience sample of 94 physical therapists, occupational therapists, speech‐language pathologists, social workers and early childhood educators completed the C‐MPOC‐SP. Thirty‐seven professionals completed the measure a second time within 2–4 weeks for test–retest reliability. Internal consistency and test–retest reliability were examined by Cronbach's α and intra‐class correlation coefficient. Comparisons were made across professional disciplines by multivariate analyses of variance followed by analyses of variance. Relationships between years of experience and ratings of family‐centred practices were examined by Pearson's correlation coefficients (r).ResultsCronbach's α for items on each of the four scales of the C‐MPOC‐SP ranged from 0.80 to 0.92, indicating adequate internal consistency. Intra‐class correlation coefficient between the initial and repeat completion of the C‐MPOC‐SP for each scale ranged from 0.56 to 0.77, indicating adequate to excellent test–retest reliability. Mean ratings for the Communicating Specific Information were significantly higher for physical therapists, occupational therapists and speech‐language pathologists than for social workers (P = 0.001). The C‐MPOC‐SP scores were positively correlated with years of experience for all four scales (r = 0.23–0.38; P < 0.05).ConclusionsThis study established adequate internal consistency and adequate to excellent test–retest reliability of the C‐MPOC‐SP in measuring perceptions of family centeredness of early intervention service providers. Cross‐discipline differences were found in communicating specific information about the child. Higher perceptions of family centeredness were associated with more years of experience. The results support the utility of the C‐MPOC‐SP in professional education and programme evaluation of early intervention services in Taiwan.
Human β‐defensin‐3 induces IL‐8 release and apoptosis in airway smooth muscle cells
Authors: Wang W. , Qu X. , Dang X. , Shang D. , Yang L. , Li Y. , Xu D. , Martin J. G. , Hamid Q. , Liu J. , Chang Y. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryBackgroundHuman airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) may have a pro‐inflammatory role through the release of inflammatory mediators. Increasing evidence indicates that human β‐defensins (HBDs) are related to pathogenesis of asthma.ObjectivesTo examine the plasma level of HBD‐1, HBD‐2 and HBD‐3 in asthmatic patients and the expression of their mouse orthologues in the lung tissue of a mouse model of chronic severe asthma. Further to investigate the effect of HBD‐3 on the release of the pro‐inflammatory cytokine IL‐8 and to explore the mechanisms.MethodsThe plasma levels of HBD‐1, HBD‐2 and HBD‐3 from 34 healthy controls and 25 asthmatic patients were determined by ELISA. The expression of mouse β‐defensins MBD‐1, MBD‐3 and MBD‐14 in the lung tissue of asthmatic mice was detected by Western blot. The ASMCs were cultured with HBD‐3 for 24 hour, and then the supernatant level of IL‐8 was evaluated by ELISA and the cell viability was examined by WST‐1 assay. The signalling pathway was investigated with blocking antibodies or pharmacological inhibitors.ResultsThe plasma levels of HBD‐1 and HBD‐3 were elevated in asthmatic patients, and the expression of MBD‐14, the mouse orthologue for HBD‐3, was increased in asthmatic mice. HBD‐3‐induced IL‐8 production in a CCR6 receptor‐specific manner and was dependent on multiple signalling pathways. Moreover, HBD‐3‐induced cell apoptosis concurrently, which was dependent on the ERK1/2 MAPK pathway. Mitochondrial ROS regulated both HBD‐3‐induced IL‐8 production and cell apoptosis.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceThese observations provide clear evidence of an important new mechanism for the promotion of airway inflammation and tissue remodelling with potential relevance for the treatment of asthma.
Phylogeny of Riama (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae), impact of phenotypic evidence on molecular datasets, and the origin of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta endemic fauna
Authors: Sánchez‐Pacheco Santiago J. , Torres‐Carvajal Omar , Aguirre‐Peñafiel Vanessa , Nunes Pedro M. Sales , Verrastro Laura , Rivas Gilson A. , Rodrigues Miguel T. , Grant Taran , Murphy Robert W. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractRiama is the most speciose genus of the Neotropical lizard family Gymnophthalmidae. Its more than 30 montane species occur throughout the northern Andes, the Cordillera de la Costa (CC) in Venezuela, and Trinidad. We present the most comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of Riama to date based on a total evidence (TE) approach and direct optimization of molecular and morphological evidence. Analyses use DNA sequences from four loci and 35 phenotypic characters. The dataset consists of 55 ingroup terminals representing 25 of the 30 currently recognized species of Riama plus five undescribed taxa, including an endemic species from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (SNSM) in Colombia, and 66 outgroup terminals of 47 species. Analysis results in a well‐supported hypothesis in which Riama is polyphyletic, with its species falling into three clades. The Tepuian Anadia mcdiarmidi nests within one clade of Riama, and the recently resurrected Pantodactylus nests within Cercosaura. Accordingly, we propose a monophyletic taxonomy that reflects historical relationships. Analysis of character evolution indicates that the presence/absence of prefrontals—a cornerstone of the early genus‐level taxonomy of cercosaurines—is optimally explained as having been plesiomorphically present in the most recent common ancestor of Cercosaurinae and lost in that of the immediately less inclusive clade. Multiple independent reversals to present and subsequent returns to absent occur within this clade. To evaluate the impact of phenotypic evidence on our results, we compare our TE results with results obtained from analyses using only molecular data. Although phenotypic evidence comprises only 1.2% of the TE matrix, its inclusion alters both the topology and support values of the clades that do not differ. Finally, current phylogenetic evidence reveals a SNSM–CC–Trinidad–tepuis biogeographical link. We hypothesize that an ancient connection facilitated the exchange of species between the SNSM and the CC.