bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of mucilage on root water uptake—A numerical study
Authors: Schwartz N. , Carminati A. , Javaux M. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe flow of water between soil and plants follows the gradient in water potential and depends on the hydraulic properties of the soil and the root. In models for root water uptake (RWU), it is usually assumed that the hydraulic properties near the plant root (i.e., in the rhizosphere) and in the bulk soil are identical. Yet a growing body of evidence has shown that the hydraulic properties of the rhizosphere are affected by root exudates (specifically, mucilage) and markedly differ from those of the bulk soil. In this work, we couple a 3‐D detailed description of RWU with a model that accounts for the rhizosphere‐specific properties (i.e., rhizosphere hydraulic properties and a nonequilibrium relation between water content and matric head). We show that as the soil dries out (due to water uptake), the higher water holding capacity of the rhizosphere results in a delay of the stress onset. During rewetting, nonequilibrium results in a slower increase of the rhizosphere water content. Furthermore, the inverse relation between water content and relaxation time implies that the drier is the rhizosphere the longer it takes to rewet. Another outcome of nonequilibrium is the small fluctuation of the rhizosphere water content compared to the bulk soil. Overall, our numerical results are in agreement with recent experimental data and provide a tool to further examine the impact of various rhizosphere processes on RWU and water dynamics.
Solubility behavior of amphiphilic sulfonated copolymers based on styrene–stearyl methacrylate and styrene–stearyl cinnamate
Authors: Palermo Luiz Carlos Magalhães , Souza Nelson Francisco , Silvino Alexandre Carneiro , Nunes Denise Gentili , Lucas Elizabete Fernandes 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTAmphiphilic polymers have found many applications, so many types of these copolymers have been prepared. Specifically, sulfonated polystyrene acts, for example, as a flocullant or dispersant of petroleum asphaltenes as a function of its hydrophilic–hydrophobic balance. However, when changing the sulfonation degree, looking for the best performance, the solubility also changes, and sometimes it is responsible for making the polymer unsuitable for any application. Therefor, this work investigates in detail the changes in the solubility range of copolymers based on styrene–stearyl methacrylate and styrene–stearyl cinnamate with different molar compositions and different sulfonation degrees. The copolymers were synthesized and characterized by1H‐NMR, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. In the range of compositions analyzed, with increasing content of long hydrocarbon chains, not only the displacement of the solubility in solvents with lower solubility parameter (δ), but also the broadening of the solubility range was observed. In general, the solubility was directly related to the sulfonic group content, but there appeared to be an influence of the randomness of the sulfonation reactions along the chains. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2016,133, 43112.
Improvement in mechanical properties and thermal stability of solvent‐based pressure‐sensitive adhesives based on triazine heterocyclic monomer
Authors: Chen Jun Hua , Zhao Qiang , Wang Ying , Luo Fubin , Shen Lu , Wu Kun , Liang Li Yan , Lu ManGeng 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTA heat‐resistance monomer denoted as triazine heterocyclic compound (TGIC‐AA) was synthesized and applied into improving the thermal stability of solvent‐based acrylic pressure sensitive adhesives (PSAs) through copolymerization. The modified acrylic PSAs tapes possessed longer holding time at temperature up to 150°C and no large areas of residues could be seen when peeled off on the substrate while the temperature of test was cooled down to room temperature. The thermal stability could be significantly enhanced in PSAs as the content of triazine heterocyclic compounds increased due to the extensive crosslinking networks. This indicated a worthy method to prepared heat resistant acrylic PSAs. An obvious reduction in peel adhesion occurred at the content of crosslinkers range 5 wt %‐7 wt %, while beyond 7 wt % adhesion failure occurred. The influences of crosslinking density on the molecular weight, glass transition temperature and viscosity, etc. for PSAs were also studied. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43281.
Degradation of PLA and PLA in composites with triacetin and buriti fiber after 600 days in a simulated marine environment
Authors: Pelegrini Kauê , Donazzolo Indianara , Brambilla Vanessa , Coulon Grisa Ana Maria , Piazza Diego , Zattera Ademir José , Brandalise Rosmary Nichele 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTPoly(lactic acid) (PLA), the polymer object of this study, degrades by a biotic process after an abiotic hydrolysis process. Its degradation was evaluated after 600 days of exposure in a simulated marine environment (SME), as buriti fiber‐reinforced composites having triacetin as coupling agent. Composites were obtained by extrusion and films were produced by compression molding. After between 60 and 600 days of exposure, PLA had a weight loss of 2.5%, PLA/T of 1.5%, and 10–12% of weight loss for PLA/B and PLA/B/T, respectively. PLA intercalates reduction, increase, and decrease of its crystallinity attributed to hydrolysis (up to 15 days), impairment of amorphous segments (45 days), and loss of integrity of the matrix (100–600 days), respectively. In the PLA/T composites, triacetin inhibited the diatom colonization process, having its crystallinity values increased after nearly 100 days of exposure with subsequent reduction. For samples with buriti fiber, changes in crystallinity were attributed to absorption of water and exposure of matrix amorphous segments. PLA degradation in a SME is evidently favored by the use of natural fibers since they make easier water access to the matrix and colonization by the protists group, diatoms, showing that the polymer can have reduced post‐use shelf life as composites, with benefits while in use and at the same time post‐use environmental benefits. Triacetin inhibits PLA colonization and degradation up to 45 days after exposure, after which it no longer influences the degradation process. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43290.
The use of liposomes in the modification of polycaprolactone fibers
Authors: Batory Mirella , Adamus‐Grabicka Angelika , Sobczyk‐Guzenda Anna , Bartoszek Nina , Komorowski Piotr , Vyslouzilova Lucie , Rozek Zbigniew , Budzisz Elzbieta 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTPolycaprolactone is fully bioresorbable and biocompatible material. Liposomes containing nanocopper, nanosilver, and nanogold are known to have antifungal and antibacterial properties and to further aid in the synthesis of collagen and elastin in the skin. It is possible to combine the properties of polycaprolactone fibers and liposomes in new approaches to deliver active substances through cosmetics and medicines. The aim of the research was to examine the possibility of simple modification of PCL fibers with use of nanocopper, nanogold, and nanosilver incorporated liposomes. The size and the type of the liposomes were examined using optical microscopy and DLS techniques. The fibres modified with liposomes were investigated using SEM and FTIR techniques. Additionally the contact angle measurements were performed. The study shows an innovative method of modifying polycaprolactone nonwoven textiles. This combination of PCL fibers and liposomes allows easy and efficient preparation and delivery of active substances to a particular location. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43299.
Glucose‐based microbial production of the hormone melatonin in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Germann Susanne M. , Baallal Jacobsen Simo A. , Schneider Konstantin , Harrison Scott J. , Jensen Niels B. , Chen Xiao , Stahlhut Steen G. , Borodina Irina , Luo Hao , Zhu Jiangfeng , Maury Jérôme , Forster Jochen 
Published: December 2015

AbstractMelatonin is a natural mammalian hormone that plays an important role in regulating the circadian cycle in humans. It is a clinically effective drug exhibiting positive effects as a sleep aid and a powerful antioxidant used as a dietary supplement. Commercial melatonin production is predominantly performed by complex chemical synthesis. In this study, we demonstrate microbial production of melatonin and related compounds, such as serotonin and N‐acetylserotonin. We generated Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains that comprise heterologous genes encoding one or more variants of an L‐tryptophan hydroxylase, a 5‐hydroxy‐L‐tryptophan decarboxylase, a serotonin acetyltransferase, an acetylserotonin O‐methyltransferase, and means for providing the cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin via heterologous biosynthesis and recycling pathways. We thereby achieved de novo melatonin biosynthesis from glucose. We furthermore accomplished increased product titers by altering expression levels of selected pathway enzymes and boosting co‐factor supply. The final yeast strain produced melatonin at a titer of 14.50 ± 0.57 mg L−1 in a 76h fermentation using simulated fed‐batch medium with glucose as sole carbon source. Our study lays the basis for further developing a yeast cell factory for biological production of melatonin.
High‐titer biosynthesis of hyaluronic acid by recombinant Corynebacterium glutamicum
Authors: Cheng Fangyu , Gong Qianying , Yu Huimin , Stephanopoulos Gregory 
Published: December 2015

AbstractHyaluronic acid (HA) plays important roles in human tissue system, thus it is highly desirable for various applications, such as in medical, clinic and cosmetic fields. The wild microbial producer of HA, streptococcus, was restricted by its potential pathogens, hence different recombinant hosts are being explored. In this work, we engineered Corynebacterium glutamicum, a GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe) organism free of exotoxins and endotoxins to produce HA with high titer and satisfied Mw. The ssehasA gene encoding hyaluronan synthase (HasA) was artificially synthesized with codon preference of C. glutamicum. Other genes involved in the HA synthetic pathway were directly cloned from the C. glutamicum genome. The operon structures and constitutive or inducible promoters were particularly compared and the preferred environmental conditions were also optimized. Using glucose and corn syrup powder as carbon and nitrogen sources, batch cultures of the engineered C.glutamicum with operon ssehasA‐hasB driven by Ptac promoter were performed in a 5 L fermentor. The maximal HA titer, productivity and yield reached 8.3 g/L, 0.24 g/L/h and 0.22 gHA/gGlucose, respectively; meanwhile the maximal Mw was 1.30 MDa. This work provides a safe and efficient novel producer of HA with huge industrial prospects.
Investigating Deformylase and Deacylase Activity of Mammalian and Bacterial Sirtuins
Authors: Seidel Julian , Klockenbusch Cordula , Schwarzer Dirk 
Published: December 2015

AbstractLysine acylation constitutes a major group of post‐translational modifications of proteins, and is found in the proteomes of organisms from all kingdoms of life. Sirtuins are considered the main erasers of these modification marks, and thus contribute to acylation‐dependent regulation of enzyme activity, and potentially of protein quality control. We have established a substrate scaffold to enable the analysis of sirtuin activity with a broad range of acyl‐lysine modifications, including hydrophobic fatty acids. Characterization of the deacylase activity of the bacterial SrtN, which is encoded by the yhdZ gene of Bacillus subtilis, showed that this enzyme is capable of removing a broad range of acyl groups. These investigations further showed that SrtN and human SIRT1 are efficient lysine‐deformylases, thereby providing a first clue as to how this nonenzymatic modification might be removed from affected proteins.
Determinants of operator and patient radiation exposure during cardiac catheterization: Insights from the RadiCure (RADIation reduction during cardiac catheterization using real‐timE monitoring) trial
Authors: Christopoulos Georgios , Papayannis Aristotelis C. , Alomar Mohammed , Christakopoulos Georgios E. , Kotsia Anna , Michael Tesfaldet T. , Rangan Bavana V. , Roesle Michele , Shorrock Deborah , Makke Lorenza , Maragkoudakis Spyros , Mohammad Atif , Sarode Karan , Chambers Charles E. , Banerjee Subhash , Brilakis Emmanouil S. 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundIn the RadiCure study 505 catheterization procedures were 1:1 randomized to use or no use of real‐time radiation monitoring. Use of the Bleeper Sv monitor resulted in a significant reduction in operator radiation exposure.MethodsWe examined the association between several baseline and procedural parameters with operator and patient radiation exposure using univariable and multivariable analysis in the 505 patients that were enrolled in RadiCure. All baseline demographic and procedure characteristics recorded were included in the univariable analysis.ResultsMedian fluoroscopy time was 6.2 (2.5–12.5) minutes, median patient air kerma dose was 0.908 (0.602–1.636) Gray and median first operator exposure was 10 (5–22) μSv. For analysis purposes, the 505 procedures were dichotomized based on the median operator exposure (10 μSv) and median patient radiation dose (0.908 Gray). On multivariable analysis, factors associated with high (above median or >10 μSv) first operator radiation exposure included radial access (odds ratio [OR] 5.44, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 2.88–10.76), chronic total occlusion (CTO) intervention (OR 12.78, 95% CI 4.42–43.60), real‐time radiation monitoring (OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.26–0.66), and use of a radioabsorbent drape (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.28–0.96). High patient radiation dose (above median or >0.908 Gray) was associated with body mass index>30 kg/m2 (OR 3.22, 95% CI 1.99–5.29), prior MI (OR 2.26, 95% CI 1.29–4.04), prior cerebrovascular disease (OR 0.34, 95% CI 0.15–0.75), hypertension (OR 2.40, 95% CI 1.05–5.82), prior coronary artery bypass graft surgery (OR 2.46, 95% CI 1.40–4.39) and CTO intervention (OR 12.93, 95% CI 3.28–87.31), but was not associated with real‐time radiation monitoring and use of a radioabsorbent drape.ConclusionsSeveral clinical and procedural factors are associated with higher patient and operator radiation exposure. Real‐time radiation monitoring and use of disposable radiation shields were associated with lower operator, but not patient, radiation dose. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection
Authors: Rogowski Sebastian , Maeder Micha T. , Weilenmann Daniel , Haager Philipp K. , Ammann Peter , Rohner Franziska , Joerg Lucas , Rickli Hans 
Published: December 2015

ObjectiveWe sought to assess the angiographic and long‐term clinical outcomes in a predominantly medically treated population with spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD).BackgroundThere are little data on the angiographic and long‐term outcome in patients with SCAD.MethodsWe studied 64 patients with SCAD (mean age 53 years, 94% females, three peripartum) with acute coronary syndrome who were treated using coronary bypass grafting (n = 1), percutaneous coronary intervention (n = 7), or medical therapy (n = 56). A repeat angiogram was performed in 40/64 (63%) patients. The median clinical follow‐up was 4.5 years.ResultsFive (8%) patients had a major cardiac event. One patient with peripartum left main SCAD and cardiogenic shock died during PCI. One patient with conservatively treated SCAD of the posterior descending artery suffered out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest 16 days after the initial angiogram but survived. Three patients experienced a second SCAD in another vessel 3.7, 4.7, and 7.9 years after the index event while the initial dissection had healed. Thirty medically treated patients underwent a scheduled repeat angiogram showing healing of the dissection in all but one patient. After a median follow‐up of 4.5 (1.8–8.4) years, all 63 patients surviving the index event were alive and free of symptoms suggestive of myocardial ischemia.ConclusionsIn general, the long‐term outcome of patients with SCAD is excellent, and medical therapy can be safely applied in the majority of patients. However, SCAD can be a life‐threatening and sometimes catastrophic event, and some patients experience early or late complications including SCAD of another vessel. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Theoretical and Molecular Docking Study of Ketoconazole on Heptakis(2,3,6‐tri‐O‐methyl)‐β‐cyclodextrin as Chiral Selector
Authors: Arsad Siti Rosilah , Maarof Hasmerya , Wan Ibrahim Wan Aini , Aboul‐Enein Hassan Y. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA molecular docking study, using molecular mechanics calculations with AutoDock and semi‐empirical PM3 calculations, was used to predict the enantiodiscrimination of heptakis(2,3,6‐tri‐O‐methyl)‐β‐cyclodextrin (TMβCD) and ketoconazole (KTZ) enantiomers. A Density Functional Theory (DFT) single‐point calculation at the level of B3LYP/6‐311G (d,p) was performed for the PM3‐optimized complexes to obtain more accurate binding energy and the electronic structures of the complexes. The difference in energies of the inclusion complexes between the KTZ enantiomers and TMβCD is probably a measure of chiral discrimination, which results in the separation of the enantiomers as observed in the experimental studies. Chirality 28:209–214, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chiral Separation of Uncharged Pomalidomide Enantiomers Using Carboxymethyl‐β‐Cyclodextrin: A Validated Capillary Electrophoretic Method
Authors: Szabó Zoltán‐István , Szőcs Levente , Muntean Daniela‐Lucia , NoszáL Béla , Tóth Gergő 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe racemic mixture of pomalidomide (POM), a second‐generation immunomodulatory uncharged drug, was separated into enantiomers by capillary zone electrophoresis for the first time. Seven different chargeable cyclodextrin (CD) derivatives were screened as complexing agents and chiral selectors, investigating the stability of the POM‐CD inclusion complexes and their enantiodiscriminating capacities. Based on preliminary experiments, carboxymethyl‐β‐CD (CM‐β‐CD) was found to be the most effective chiral selector. Factors influencing enantioseparation were systematically optimized, using an orthogonal experimental design. Optimal parameters (background electrolyte [BGE]: 50 mM Tris‐acetate buffer, pH 6.5, containing 15 mM CM‐β‐CD; capillary temperature: 20°C; voltage applied +15 kV) allowed baseline separation of POM enantiomers with a resolution as high as 4.87. The developed method was validated, in terms of sensitivity (limit of detection and limit of quantification), linearity, accuracy, repeatability, and intermediate precision. Chirality 28:199–203, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Carbon Aerogels Derived from Bacterial Cellulose/Polyimide Composites as Versatile Adsorbents and Supercapacitor Electrodes
Authors: Lai Feili , Miao Yue‐E , Zuo Lizeng , Zhang Youfang , Liu Tianxi 
Published: December 2015

AbstractHierarchically structured carbon aerogels consisting of one‐dimensional carbon nanofibers and a three‐dimensional carbon skeleton are prepared by sequential imidization and carbonization of bacterial cellulose/poly(amic acid) composite aerogels. The as‐obtained carbon aerogels show excellent compressive properties, and can be directly used as versatile adsorbents for various liquids with superior sorption capacity and extraordinary recycling performance. Interestingly, the recycled carbon aerogels can still be used as electrode materials for supercapacitors with a high specific capacitance of 194.7 F g−1 and excellent stability, which is attributed to the interconnected pores for fast ion diffusion, the maximized active site exposure for efficient charge adsorptions, and crosslinked carbon nanofibers for rapid electron transport. Therefore, this work provides a new strategy to develop multidimensional carbonaceous materials for both environmental and energy applications.
Type 1 diabetes associated HLA‐DQ2 and DQ8 molecules are relatively resistant to HLA‐DM mediated release of invariant chain‐derived CLIP peptides
Authors: Zhou Zemin , Reyes‐Vargas Eduardo , Escobar Hernando , Rudd Brant , Rockwood Alan L. , Delgado Julio C. , He Xiao , Jensen Peter E. 
Published: December 2015

HLA‐DM is essential for editing peptides bound to MHC class II, thus influencing the repertoire of peptides mediating selection and activation of CD4+ T cells. Individuals expressing HLA‐DQ2 or DQ8, and DQ2/8 trans‐dimers, have elevated risk for type 1 diabetes (T1D). Cells coexpressing DM with these DQ molecules were observed to express elevated levels of CLIP (Class II associated invariant chain peptide). Relative resistance to DM‐mediated editing of CLIP was further confirmed by HPLC‐MS/MS analysis of eluted peptides, which also demonstrated peptides from known T1D‐associated autoantigens, including a shared epitope from ZnT8 that is presented by all four major T1D‐susceptible DQ molecules. Assays with purified recombinant soluble proteins confirmed that DQ2‐CLIP complexes are highly resistant to DM editing, whereas DQ8‐CLIP is partially sensitive to DM, but with an apparent reduction in catalytic potency. DM sensitivity was enhanced in mutant DQ8 molecules with disruption of hydrogen bonds that stabilize DQ8 near the DM‐binding region. Our findings show that T1D‐susceptible DQ2 and DQ8 share significant resistance to DM editing, compared with control DQ molecules. The relative resistance of the T1D‐susceptible DQ molecules to DM editing and preferential presentation of T1D‐associated autoantigenic peptides may contribute to the pathogenesis of T1D.
Binary search routing equivalent (BSRE): a circular design for structured P2P networks
Authors: Naghizadeh A. , Shahbahrami A. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractPeer‐to‐peer (P2P) solutions are powerful distributed networks that are used in different kinds of applications. An important challenge for these networks is how search queries take place among users. A prominent solution for efficient search queries with a reasonable time is to use distributed hash tables in a structured design. Current methodologies of structured networks either provide a network with O(logN) routing time or exclusively reach O(1) without the possibility of routing. Based on different situations, each of these infrastructures has its applicability. In this paper, we propose binary search routing equivalent, a circular design for structured P2P networks. Our main goal is to make a flexible network infrastructure for routing. By considering trade‐offs between the size of distributed hash tables, overheads over churn and routing time, binary search routing equivalent can find objects without routing or route for at worst case O(logN). For this purpose, we emulate the methodology of binary search for P2P networks. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.