bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vaskuläre Demenzen
Authors: Dichgans Martin , Böhm Michael , Diener Hans-Christoph , Hamann Gerhard , Herbst Heinz-Peter , Minnerup Jens , Parhofer Klaus , Petzold Gabor , Schmidtke Klaus , Zerr Inga 
Published: June 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Vaskuläre kognitive Beeinträchtigung (engl. Vascular Cognitive Impairment, VCI) umfasst das gesamte Spektrum von einer milden vaskulär bedingten kognitiven Beeinträchtigung (Mild Cognitive Impairment, MCI) bis hin zur vaskulären Demenz und beinhaltet neben rein vaskulären Pathologien auch gemischte Fälle von vaskulärer und neurodegenerativer Pathologie. Im klinischen Alltag bestehen oft erhebliche Unsicherheiten bezüglich des optimalen diagnostischen und therapeutischen Vorgehens.
Methoden Für die aktuelle Leitlinie (S1-Niveau) wurde seitens einer Expertengruppe mit den Schwerpunkten vaskuläre Neurologie, kognitive Neurologie, Gerontologie und akuter Schlaganfall in einem strukturierten Prozess zunächst eine Literaturrecherche durchgeführt. Darauf basierend wurden Empfehlungen erarbeitet mit folgenden Themenschwerpunkten: (1) Definition und Klassifikation der VCI unter Berücksichtigung der Vielzahl an vaskulären Ursachen und zerebralen Manifestationen; (2) Pathophysiologie; (3) Diagnostisches Vorgehen unter Einbeziehung bildgebender Verfahren (MRT und CT) und von Laboruntersuchungen (Blut und Liquor); (4) Diagnostische Algorithmen; und (5) Therapie. Die Regeln der Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften e. V. (AWMF) und der DGN zum Umgang mit potenziellen Interessenkonflikten wurden berücksichtigt.
Ergebnisse Zu den wesentlichen Ergebnissen zählen: (1) Die Inzidenzrate von Demenz nach intrazerebraler Blutung bleibt auch über das 1. Jahr nach der Blutung hinaus hoch; (2) für die Diagnose einer vaskulär kognitiven Beeinträchtigung (VCI) ist es nicht erforderlich, dass Gedächtnisdefizite vorliegen, sofern Defizite in anderen kognitiven Domänen nachweisbar sind; (3) Die Behandlung umfasst etablierte Strategien zur Schlaganfallprävention, die nicht medikamentöse Behandlung sowie psychiatrische Begleittherapie, die spezifische Pharmakotherapie und neurorehabilitative Maßnahmen.
Zusammenfassung Die neue Leitlinie liefert praktische Empfehlungen zur Diagnostik und Behandlung der wachsenden Gruppe an Patienten mit vaskulär bedingter kognitiver Störung.
Notfallmedizinische Ausstattung an Bord von Flugzeugen großer europäischer Fluggesellschaften
Authors: Kalina Steffen , Hinkelbein Jochen 
Published: June 2017

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGZiel der vorliegenden Untersuchung war die Analyse des notfallmedizinischen Equipments von Flugzeugen großer europäischer Fluggesellschaften. Basierend auf einer vorherigen Umfrage für deutsche Fluggesellschaften wurden europäische, schweizerische und norwegische Fluggesellschaften kontaktiert. Zur Datenanalyse und -interpretation wurden deskriptive Methoden genutzt. Von insgesamt 52 angeschriebenen europäischen Fluggesellschaften antworteten 23, 22 davon nannten Details zum medizinischen Equipment. Alle gaben an, ein First-Aid-Kit mitzuführen. 82 % führten ein Emergency Medical Kit mit. Sieben Airlines führten alle, von der European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) als Minimalstandard definierten Dinge mit, wohingegen nur 2 das vollständige Material für die EMKs mitführten. Das von europäischen Fluggesellschaften mitgeführte Notfallequipment unterscheidet sich signifikant. Für eine standardisierte Versorgung ist es zukünftig unerlässlich, eine Vereinheitlichung des notfallmedizinischen Equipments an Bord europäischer Luftfahrtgesellschaften vorzuhalten.
A comparative study of translation or interpreting as a profession in Russia, China and Spain
Authors: Tyulenev Sergey , Zheng Binghan , Johnson Penelope 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
In this article, three different cultural and socio-political systems, those of China, Spain, and Russia, are compared in terms of how translation and interpreting are viewed. The principal aim is to propose a tentative model for conducting a synchronic comparative translation and interpreting research study across several regions. Two types of organization have been studied – embassies/consulates and translation bureaus. First, these types of organization routinely commission, use, and assess translations. Second, such organizations are likely to be found in the majority of countries in today’s world (hence, the number of countries to be compared could be increased). The first type, embassies/consulates, provides an ‘external’ view of translation, that is, the view of consumers of translation. The second type, translation agencies, on the other hand, furnishes examples of the ‘internal’ view of translation producers. First, the official requirements for the submission of documents in foreign languages as described on the sites of embassies and consulates are examined. The research questions include: What are the requirements for translating documents in foreign languages? Whose translations are recognized as legitimate? What are the quality assurance mechanisms for the translations? Then the requirements applicants for a job in a translation agency have to fulfill in the three countries are examined. The analysis focused on how translation is perceived and assessed. What is required from translators/interpreters helps us to gauge the status of translation and its level of professionalization in a particular society, while comparing three different societies allows us to compare the degree of professionalization of translation in different countries.
Characterizing fisheries connectivity in marine social–ecological systems
Authors: Fuller Emma C. , Samhouri Jameal F. , Stoll Joshua S. , Levin Simon A. , Watson James R. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Marine social–ecological systems are constantly changing, and fishers who make a living from working the seas are continually adapting in response to different sources of variability. One main way in which fishers can adapt to ecosystem change is to change the fisheries they participate in. This acts to connect fisheries, creating interlinked networks of alternative sources of income for fishers. Here, we synthesize fisheries data and construct fisheries connectivity networks for all major ports in the US California Current Large Marine Ecosystem. Fisheries connectivity networks are comprised of nodes, which are fisheries, connected by edges, whose weights are proportional to the number of participating vessels. Fisheries connectivity networks identify central fisheries in the US California Current Large Marine Ecosystem, specifically Dungeness crab and Spiny Lobster, and systematic topological differences, e.g. in network resilience and modularity. These network metrics directly relate to the social vulnerability of coastal fishing communities, especially their sensitivity and capacity to adapt to perturbation. Ultimately, improving knowledge of fisheries connectivity is vital if policy makers are to create governance institutions that allow fishermen to adapt to environmental, technological and management change while at the same time enhancing the social and economic value of fisheries. In doing so, new policies that account for fisheries connectivity, will lead to improved sustainable fisheries management, and enhanced socioeconomic resilience of coastal communities.
Oxygen Consumption Deficits in Patients With Residual Fatigue After Primary Coccidioidomycosis
Authors: Ganley Kathleen J , Bosch Pamela R , Blair Janis E , Rischard Franz , Galgiani John N 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Patients with coccidioidomycosis often report prolonged and debilitating fatigue after other evidence of infection has resolved. In this study, we quantify fatigue, muscle weakness, and impaired aerobic capacity in 5 such individuals. A closer examination of the cardiorespiratory system may contribute to a better understanding of underlying mechanisms and potential interventions.
Effects of LSD on music-evoked brain activity
Authors: Kaelen Mendel , Lorenz Romy , Barrett Frederick , Roseman Leor , Orban Csaba , Santos-Ribeiro Andre , Wall Matthew B , Feilding Amanda , Nutt David , Muthukumaraswamy Suresh , Carhart-Harris Robin , Leech Robert 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMusic is a highly dynamic stimulus, and consists of distinct acoustic features, such as pitch, rhythm and timbre. Neuroimaging studies highlight a hierarchy of brain networks involved in music perception. Psychedelic drugs such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) temporary disintegrate the normal hierarchy of brain functioning, and produce profound subjective effects, including enhanced music-evoked emotion. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the acute effects of LSD on music-evoked brain-activity under naturalistic music listening conditions. 16 healthy participants were enrolled in magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while listening to a 7-minute music piece under eyes-closed conditions on two separate visits (LSD (75 mcg) and placebo). Dynamic time courses for acoustic features were extracted from the music excerpts, and were entered into subject-level fMRI analyses as regressors of interest. Differences between conditions were assessed at group level subsequently, and were related to changes in music-evoked emotions via correlation analyses. Psycho-physiological interactions (PPIs) were carried out to further interrogate underlying music-specific changes in functional connectivity under LSD. Results showed pronounced cortical and subcortical changes in music-evoked brain activity under LSD. Most notable changes in brain activity and connectivity were associated with the component timbral complexity, representing the complexity of the music’s spectral distribution, and these occurred in brain networks previously identified for music-perception and music-evoked emotion, and showed an association with enhanced music-evoked feelings of wonder under LSD. The findings shed light on how the brain processes music under LSD, and provide a neurobiological basis for the usefulness of music in psychedelic therapy.
Designers project: Afrotouch Brands
Authors: Ejiofor Kingsley E. 
Published: June 2017

Subject area
Entrepreneurship, Analysis of business problems.

Study level/applicability
Masters in business administration, Entrepreneurship management.

Case overview
The CEO of Afrotouch Brands, Mr Emeka Emmanuel, must decide what level of investment his company would need to implement to increase its market share and revenue, thus ensuring adequate business competitiveness. Afrotouch Brands was among the leading names in gift items and indoor furniture in Nigeria. Despite the business main outlet in Victoria Island, the highbrow commercial centre in the city of Lagos, it has other high-profile outlets in Port-Harcourt and Abuja. From the very beginning, Afrotouch Brands attracted a lot of well discerning individuals who patronized the business based on the quality, the wide variety, the uniqueness and the lovely ambience of the showroom. The case describes the various investment alternatives needed for business expansion and discusses the probabilities of possible outcomes. Afrotouch Brands could maintain the medium scale indoor furniture they are currently doing, embark on a large aggressive investment to expand the indoor medium scale furniture to a large scale, maintain their business strategy in gift items and accessories or invest in outdoor furniture manufacturing. The challenge is to decide which of these alternative investment strategies the company should undertake in view of the associated levels of risk and uncertainty inherent in their implementation.

Expected learning outcomes
This case study teaches students the following: fundamentals of decision trees construction; calculating and understanding expected monetary values; assessing probabilities; determination of risk profiles for each decision alternative; display of risk profiles graphically; and identification of business alternatives.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Subject code
CSS 3: Entrepreneurship.
Just Fresh: fresh juices from the desert!
Authors: Ahmad Syed Zamberi , Ahmad Norita Binti 
Published: June 2017

Subject area
Strategic management, Strategic marketing, Entrepreneurship and Small business ventures.

Study level/applicability
This case study will be useful for undergraduate level students majoring in strategic management, entrepreneurship, small business ventures and marketing.

Case overview
Just Fresh Juice is a small entrepreneurial venture in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), specialising in preparing all-fresh juices, special mixes and fruit salads. The purpose of this paper is to analyse how Just Fresh can maintain its competitive advantage, and how it could sustain its rapid growth in the market and gain more market share in the long run. Just Fresh focuses on satisfying its customers more effectively than its competitors through a competitive strategy of cost leadership (Papulova and Papulova, 2006), direct interaction with the customers through social media (Srinivasan, 2014) and creating a customer experience (Porter, 2008), as delivering a good customer experience is often more effective in building a competitive advantage than optimising internal processes.

Expected learning outcomes
The purpose of this case is to enable management students to evaluate and analyse a small business established in the United Arab Emirates. Students will gain a comprehensive understanding of new business set-up and build proper business strategy. They will be able to perform the company’s competitive standing using Porter’s Five competitive forces and analyse its business strategies as well. They will be able to analyse the current status of the company using SWOT analysis and to design alternative strategies for the company using TOWS analysis. Furthermore, students will be able to build a cost analysis model for the company.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Subject code
CSS 3: Entrepreneurship.
Victims or conspirators? Understanding a hot-issue public’s online reactions to a victim cluster crisis
Authors: Krishna Arunima , Vibber Kelly S. 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to qualitatively understand the reactions of online publics to a victim cluster crisis as the crisis unfolds and offer a new way of tracking online hot-issue publics using comments on online news articles.

Design/methodology/approach
This research uses a mixed-methods approach, employing both descriptive quantitative techniques and qualitative thematic analysis.

Findings
Qualitative analyses of online news comments on BuzzFeed and the Huffington Post revealed that publics’ reaction to the cyber-attack on Sony, the following threats of attack, and Sony’s response to it largely ran counter to the situational crisis communication theory’s (SCCT) assumptions about victim cluster crises. Analyses also revealed a pattern in the volume of comments on the two online news outlets, supporting the conceptualization of hot-issue publics growing and decreasing as news coverage of an issue rises and falls.

Research limitations/implications
The analysis was limited to one incident and two online media.

Practical implications
This paper provides empirical support for the use of online news comments to track hot-issue publics and what is important to them. In addition, tracking the tone and content of the comments allows for an examination of the fit of SCCT assumptions and provides a way for practitioners to understand public opinion and adapt communication plans based on insights gleaned from such data.

Originality/value
This study is one of few to provide empirical support for the conceptualization of hot-issue publics, and to do so using online news comments. In addition, it is one of very few to study the SCCT in real-world settings, examining real publics’ reactions to real issues.
Corporate rhetorical strategies in the legitimation of genetically modified foods
Authors: Gauthier Jeffrey , Kappen Jeffrey A. 
Published: June 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the rhetorical strategies used by organizations when the legitimacy of their products is challenged by stakeholders’ sustainability concerns.Design/methodology/approachThe approach involves rhetorical analysis of texts addressing the implications of genetically modified foods for sustainability. The rhetorical logic (pathos, logos, or ethos) and discursive intent (promotion of validity or propriety) invoked by leading seed producers to address stakeholders’ sustainability concerns was identified.FindingsEthos was found to be used to address validity judgments, pathos to address propriety judgments, and logos to address both validity and propriety judgments. The mechanisms through which rhetorical logic supports discursive intent are described.Research limitations/implicationsThis study contributes to a growing body of research at the intersection of discourse and legitimacy, and reveals the rhetorical strategies used to address stakeholders’ sustainability concerns. Future research can build on the study’s findings by examining the effectiveness of distinct rhetorical strategies in building legitimacy.Originality/valueWe lack a complete understanding of how legitimacy is discursively constructed when stakeholder concerns, such as those around sustainability, threaten an organization’s legitimacy. This paper’s examination of rhetorical logic and discursive intent advances this understanding.
Affective atmospheres of hope: management model training in public reforms
Authors: Thedvall Renita 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to argue that we need to take seriously what affective atmosphere means in public reform. Particular emphasis is put on understanding the mechanisms of hope (Brunsson, 2006) through affective atmosphere (Anderson, 2009) in regards to a management model training course.

Design/methodology/approach
Ethnographically, the paper is placed in a Lean coach training course, led by two consultants, in the public care services in a municipality in Sweden. The participants were set to learn the language and techniques of the Lean management model during the course of three training days.

Findings
Using affective atmosphere as a theoretical window for how to understand how participants become enthusiastic about public reform, the author puts forward that the enthusiastic, affective atmosphere created in the training room demanded the ingredients of consultants and the mechanism of hope at play. The consultants’ fashioning of the course contributed to the affective atmosphere. But what also triggered the affective atmosphere in the room was the participants’ way of responding, which was much more accidental and founded in the Lean model itself, promising smooth flows and rational organization, and the participants’ ability to keep mechanisms of hope active.

Originality/value
Fotaki et al. (2017) point out that affect has only recently started to be integrated and explored in critical organization studies. Michels and Steyaert (2017) emphasise that affective atmosphere has rarely been used by organization theorists. This is an attempt to contribute to this literature by arguing for the fruitfulness of understanding the mechanisms of hope through affective atmosphere in regards to public management reform. The author also calls attention to the need for ethnographic fieldwork when examining affective atmospheres.
Ecological history of a long‐lived conifer in a disjunct population
Authors: Herring Erin M. , Gavin Daniel G. , Dobrowski Solomon Z. , Fernandez Matias , Hu Feng Sheng 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

In northern Idaho (USA), more than 100 vascular plant species are disjunct >160 km from their main distribution along the Pacific Northwest coast. It remains unclear whether most species within this interior forest disjunction, including Tsuga mertensiana, survived the last glacial period in a north‐Idaho refugium or whether these species colonized the region via long‐distance dispersal during the Holocene.

Sediment cores were extracted from three mid‐ to high‐elevation lakes within T. mertensiana‐dominated forests in the Northern Rocky Mountains of Idaho. Pollen and macrofossils were used to reconstruct forest composition, determine the timing of T. mertensiana establishment, examine the hypothesis that the region was a glacial refugium, and contrast how climate, competition and/or dispersal limitation have influenced its modern distribution.

The modern distribution of T. mertensiana was analysed by constructing a range map and modelling the potential species distribution. The presence of outlier populations surrounding the Idaho disjunction along with broad areas of unoccupied suitable habitat indicates that the range of T. mertensiana is currently expanding. To assess the accuracy of T. mertensiana pollen at detecting its range limit, a network of pollen surface samples was used to analyse the probability of detecting T. mertensiana pollen as a function of distance from its geographical range limit. Consistent T. mertensiana pollen occurrence at ≥1% abundance is likely only within 42 km of its range limit.

Tsuga mertensiana first appears in the pollen and macrofossil record at the highest‐elevation site at c. 4,100 cal year bp, then at the next highest‐elevation site at c. 1,600 cal year bp, and last at the mid‐elevation site at 800 cal year bp. Tsuga mertensiana pollen occurs continuously at ≥1% at all three sites by c. 300 cal year bp suggesting regional presence. The timing of arrival suggests that T. mertensiana is a recent component of the forests of Idaho, having arrived during the Holocene via long‐distance dispersal from coastal populations over 160 km away.

Synthesis. Comparison with palaeoclimate reconstructions from the broader region suggests that climate was a greater limiting factor than dispersal in the Holocene establishment in the interior, indicating little difficulty overcoming a large dispersal barrier. However, T. mertensiana remained at low abundances for millennia until Little Ice Age climates promoted its recent increase in abundance. Unoccupied areas of suitable habitat suggest that competition, rather than climate or dispersal, is a limiting range infilling in the interior mesic forests today.