bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
European English and the translation of the Italian Code of Criminal Procedure
Authors: Peruzzo Katia 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe English translation of the Italian Code of Criminal Procedure (Gialuz, Lupária, and Scarpa 2014) represents a step forward in fostering judicial and police cooperation in Europe. This is made possible by making the content of the Code accessible to a wide English-speaking audience. Given the informative purpose of the translation (Cao 2007), whose intended readers are mainly European citizens, the target language chosen by the translation team is European English, i.e. the English used in European Union texts, the international English used in Council of Europe texts, the English found in the translations of the Codes of Criminal Procedure of other European countries and the English used by law scholars (Scarpa, Peruzzo, and Pontrandolfo 2014).The European continent is a multidimensional and multilayered legal reality in which different languages co-exist and legal transplants and terminological transfers are commonplace. Based on such premises, however, the embeddedness of the Code of Criminal Procedure in the Italian legal system poses several translation difficulties, especially in the search for supranational/international English translation equivalents for terms that refer to nationally developed legal concepts. For these terms, established translation equivalents are not necessarily available. The aims of this paper are threefold: to describe the features of the interdisciplinary translation team consisting of ten members (linguists and lawyers), to lay out the peculiarities of the translation process in which professionals with a different background were involved, and to illustrate the methodology applied as regards terminological choices. To do so, a concrete example from the translated text will be provided to lay out the challenges faced and the solution adopted by the translation team.
Studying the curricular objectives by Q-methodology
Authors: Gao Lianhong 
Published: May 2017

AbstractTranslation competence is the ability to comprehend the source of oral or written text accurately in the same way the producer intends to deliver the message, and then accurately, and in the proper style, re-express the meanings in the target language. Legal translation competence is the ability to translate faithfully in the legal context. Analyzing the concept of legal translation competence helps to identify curricular objectives and curriculum designs for training legal translation professionals. This paper examines key teaching objectives of training legal translators in Chinese context, by using the Q-methodology.
Fuzzy concepts in translators’ minds
Authors: Griebel Cornelia 
Published: May 2017

AbstractLegal texts place particular demands on the reader owing to the institutionalized communication situation, their abstract content and language, and the indirect connection of the utterances with the extralinguistic and extralegal world. Most legal translators are not legal experts. Therefore, accessing the meaning of legal argumentation represents a major challenge, especially as legal translators mainly have to comprehend and translate texts issuing from a foreign legal system with its own legal language and terminology. With the aim of explaining the particular difficulties of legal text understanding and translation, this article takes up some general theoretical approaches of mental organization of word knowledge and speech comprehension developed in cognitive linguistics and psycholinguistics. These general models are adapted to the understanding of legal text comprehension, focusing on the mental representation of highly abstract legal language and legal arguing. On that basis, a cognitive-translational model of legal text understanding is developed. Finally the use of the model is discussed as a theoretical contribution to legal translator training and with regard to the particular position of the legal translator within the communication process.
La revisión de traducciones jurídicas y la evaluación de su calidad en el ámbito profesional
Authors: Pontrandolfo Gianluca 
Published: May 2017

Abstracto
Este artículo presenta los resultados de un análisis empírico de un encargo de revisión profesional de una traducción jurídica en la combinación español-italiano.
Siguiendo la metodología empleada por Künzli (2007), el material objeto de análisis se basa en las revisiones bilingües, comparativas y pragmáticas (Parra 2005, 13–26), comentadas y justificadas mediante un cuestionario, de una sentencia dictada por un órgano judicial español.
Los grupos de profesionales, todos italianos nativos, que participaron en el estudio fueron: a) juristas lingüistas; b) traductores profesionales con una especialización en traducción jurídica; c) traductores con una sólida experiencia en el ámbito profesional, pero mínima en el campo jurídico; d) juristas.
Los resultados consideran los siguientes elementos: tiempo, aceptabilidad y calidad de la revisión; cantidad y tipologías de errores; intervenciones de revisión; acciones de revisión; recursos y herramientas; comentarios acerca del proceso de revisión.
Response of Fish Population Dynamics to Mitigation Activities in a Large Regulated River
Authors: Watkins Carson J. , Ross Tyler J. , Quist Michael C. , Hardy Ryan S. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractExtensive water development in large rivers has precipitated many negative ecological effects on native fish populations. Mitigation for such development often focuses on restoring biological integrity through remediation of the physical and chemical properties of regulated rivers. However, evaluating and defining the success of those programs can be difficult. We modeled the influence of mitigation‐related environmental factors on growth and recruitment of two ecologically important native fish species (Largescale Sucker Catostomus macrocheilus and Mountain Whitefish Prosopium williamsoni) in the Kootenai River, Idaho. Artificial nutrient (phosphorus) addition best predicted the variability in annual growth of both species. Nutrient addition was positively related to Largescale Sucker growth but negatively related to Mountain Whitefish growth. The best model explained 82% of the annual variability in incremental growth for Largescale Suckers and 61% of the annual variability for Mountain Whitefish. Year‐class strength of Largescale Suckers was not closely related to any of the environmental variables evaluated; however, year‐class strength of Mountain Whitefish was closely associated with nutrient addition, discharge, and temperature. Most research has focused on biotic assemblages to evaluate the effects of mitigation activities on fishes, but there is an increased need to identify the influence of rehabilitation activities on fish population dynamics within those assemblages. Here, we demonstrate how fish growth can serve as an indicator of rehabilitation success in a highly regulated large river. Future fish restoration projects can likely benefit from a change in scope and from consideration of an evaluation framework involving the response of population rate functions to mitigation.Received October 31, 2016; accepted March 13, 2017 Published online May 11, 2017
Social, cognitive, behavioural and neighbourhood characteristics associated with sedentary time in men and women living in deprived neighbourhoods
Authors: Watts Paul , Hayee Shahid Mahwish , Bertotti Marcello , Tobi Patrick 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMultiple individual and neighbourhood characteristics are theorised to influence adult sedentary behaviour. The aim of this study was to examine associations between individual and neighbourhood‐level characteristics in 40 deprived neighbourhoods in London, UK. A cross‐sectional design was utilised with baseline data from the Well London Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial in 40 deprived neighbourhoods in London. Multilevel linear regression was used to examine associations between individual characteristics (measured by household survey), neighbourhood characteristics (neighbourhood audit, GIS and routinely available datasets) and sedentary behaviour (sitting time). Individual‐level positive mental well‐being and health behaviours were associated with sedentary time. Individual‐level social networks were associated with decreased sedentary time in men and increased sedentary time in women. Neighbourhood‐level measures of social networks and perceived neighbourhood quality were associated with reduced sedentary time. Fifteen per cent of the variance in sedentary time was attributable to differences at the neighbourhood level (intra‐class correlation coefficient = 0.15). These findings suggest that social networks at the individual and neighbourhood levels, collective perceptions of neighbourhood quality, individual‐level positive mental well‐being and other health behaviours may be important components of interventions developed to reduce sedentary time in deprived populations.
DIRECTION: a machine learning framework for predicting and characterizing DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation in mammalian genomes
Authors: Pavlovic Milos , Ray Pradipta , Pavlovic Kristina , Kotamarti Aaron , Chen Min , Zhang Michael Q 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Motivation
5-Methylcytosine and 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine in DNA are major epigenetic modifications known to significantly alter mammalian gene expression. High-throughput assays to detect these modifications are expensive, labor-intensive, unfeasible in some contexts and leave a portion of the genome unqueried. Hence, we devised a novel, supervised, integrative learning framework to perform whole-genome methylation and hydroxymethylation predictions in CpG dinucleotides. Our framework can also perform imputation of missing or low quality data in existing sequencing datasets. Additionally, we developed infrastructure to perform in silico, high-throughput hypotheses testing on such predicted methylation or hydroxymethylation maps.

Results
We test our approach on H1 human embryonic stem cells and H1-derived neural progenitor cells. Our predictive model is comparable in accuracy to other state-of-the-art DNA methylation prediction algorithms. We are the first to predict hydroxymethylation in silico with high whole-genome accuracy, paving the way for large-scale reconstruction of hydroxymethylation maps in mammalian model systems. We designed a novel, beam-search driven feature selection algorithm to identify the most discriminative predictor variables, and developed a platform for performing integrative analysis and reconstruction of the epigenome. Our toolkit DIRECTION provides predictions at single nucleotide resolution and identifies relevant features based on resource availability. This offers enhanced biological interpretability of results potentially leading to a better understanding of epigenetic gene regulation.

Availability and implementation
http://www.pradiptaray.com/direction, under CC-by-SA license.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Complexity analysis in the sport of boxing
Authors: Tennant Adam G , Ahmad Nasir , Derrible Sybil 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA general model of the complexity of the sport of boxing has yet to be produced exploring the match play that goes on between combatants. The sport has a long history that dates back to the eighth century before common era (BCE) to the time of ancient Greece. Also known as the ‘sweet science’, most research work has legitimately focused on the combat sport’s long-term health affects concerning brain trauma. This present study seeks to explore the complexity of the sport by utilizing a data set of welterweights (63.5–67 kg). This data set was used to build a contact network with the boxers as nodes and the actual fights as the links. Additionally a PageRank algorithm was used to rank the boxers from the contact network. Devon Alexander was calculated as the top welterweight from data set. This was compared with the rankings of the sport’s notoriously corrupt sanctioning bodies, journalistic rankings, and a more standard non-network based ranking system. The network visualization displayed features typical of many others seen in the literature. A closer look was taken on several of the boxers by the visualization technique known as the rank clock. This allowed for the boxer’s rank history to be tracked and allowed for insight on their career trajectory. Timothy Bradley and Vyacheslav Senchenko had rank clocks that displayed them to be the most consistent boxers in the 2004–2014 decade. These research findings supply further confirmation of value of the network based approach in athletic match play.
Splicing in immune cells—mechanistic insights and emerging topics
Authors: Schaub Annalisa , Glasmacher Elke 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Differential splicing of mRNAs not only enables regulation of gene expression levels, but also ensures a high degree of gene-product diversity. The extent to which splicing of mRNAs is utilized as a mechanism in immune cells has become evident within the last few years. Still, only a few of these mechanisms have been well studied. In this review, we discuss some of the best-understood mechanisms, for instance the differential splicing of CD45 in T cells, as well as immunoglobulin genes in B cells. Beyond that we provide general mechanistic insights on how, when and where this process takes place and discuss the current knowledge regarding these topics in immune cells. We also highlight some of the reported links to immune-related diseases, genome-wide sequencing studies that revealed thousands of differentially spliced transcripts, as well as splicing studies on immune cells that remain mechanistically not fully understood. We thereby display potential emerging topics for future studies centered on splicing mechanisms in immune cells.
Organization and Plasticity of Cortical Inhibition
Authors: Kripkee Bernard , Froemke Robert C. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Plasticity of inhibitory synapses keeps inhibition in balance and in register with excitation when changes occur in excitatory synapses. Inhibition has many functions to perform, and there are many kinds of inhibitory neurons to perform various computations and regulate network activity. Different forms of long-term changes in inhibitory synapses have been demonstrated that depend on neural activity. Inhibitory plasticity appears to be partly responsible for the specificity of the inhibitory connections needed to carry out some inhibitory functions. The evolving story of cortical inhibitory plasticity shows that different types of inhibitory interneurons play different roles in a variety of inhibitory functions, that several types of inhibitory plasticity have been attested, and that different forms of plasticity can be expected to have different effects on the organization and specificity of inhibitory connections.
The Early Modern New Found Land
Authors: Pope Peter 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSome of the earliest traces of European transatlantic expansion have been excavated in Canada’s easternmost province of Newfoundland and Labrador. The medieval Norse site at L’Anse aux Meadows, the sixteenth-century Basque whaling station and ship at Red Bay, Labrador, and the seventeenth-century colonial sites at Cupids and Ferryland have been particularly significant for historical archaeology. These major projects have inspired work on the early St John’s waterfront and on the French colony of Plaisance, as well as research on the ethnohistory of the native Beothuk and on the early modern French migratory fishery. The chapter shows the role historical archaeology has played in revising traditional approaches to the history of early modern Newfoundland, fundamentally challenging narratives of colonial failure.
Regional and National Councils of Churches
Authors: Kinnamon Michael 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Councils of Churches are perhaps the most important instruments of the modern ecumenical movement, which works for the visible unity of Christians. This chapter describes the nature and ecclesiological significance of councils of churches, arguing that the essence of any council is the growing relationship of the member churches to one another. The focus of the chapter is on councils at the national and regional levels. It briefly surveys the history of these councils, and considers the challenges they now face with regard to their membership, programme, finances, accountability, and also with regard to their relationships with other Christian movements and organizations.
From Earlier to Later Hominins
Authors: El Zaatari Sireen , Ungar Peter S. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMore than fifty years ago researchers recognised that microscopic patterns of wear on tooth enamel surfaces record information about ingestive behaviours and diets. Various methods of analysis have since been developed and applied to detect subtle dietary differences amongst extant and extinct species, and to differentiate short-term and seasonal variations in diet. This chapter provides a historical overview of methods of dental microwear analysis and their applications to non-human primates and fossil hominins. We consider in detail microwear texture analysis, wherein scanning confocal profilometry and scale-sensitive fractal analysis are used as tools for 3D characterization of microwear features. Studies employing this technique on a broad range of taxa, including hominins, attest to its efficacy, and provide insights into diets of extinct forms. We also for the first time compare microwear textures of Plio-Pleistocene species with those of Neanderthals to consider variation in diet between earlier and more recent fossil hominins.
Marriage Rights and Religious Exemptions in the United States
Authors: Griffin Leslie 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
After providing background on the law of marriage in the United States, this article examines the numerous religious exemptions—solemnization exemptions, religious-organization exemptions, commercial exemptions, Religious Freedom Restoration Act exemptions, the ministerial-exception exemption, and tax exemptions—that are currently in effect or proposed for American marriage laws. Although these exemptions are usually proposed in the name of religious liberty, over the long run their number, scope, and breadth threaten the religious neutrality that the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution requires. Solemnization exemptions control which clergy and which government officials are allowed by states to perform marriages. Religious organization exemptions free some institutions from holding marriages they find exceptionable. Commercial exemptions threaten many limits to same-sex marriages. RFRA, ministerial exception, and tax exemptions also pose risks to equal celebration of same and opposite sex marriages.
Rehabilitation Research at the National Institutes of Health:
Authors: Frontera Walter R. , Bean Jonathan F. , Damiano Diane , Ehrlich-Jones Linda , Fried-Oken Melanie , Jette Alan , Jung Ranu , Lieber Rick L. , Malec James F. , Mueller Michael J. , Ottenbacher Kenneth J. , Tansey Keith E. , Thompson Aiko 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Approximately 53 million Americans live with a disability. For decades, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) has been conducting and supporting research to discover new ways to minimize disability and enhance the quality of life of people with disabilities. After the passage of the American With Disabilities Act, the NIH established the National Center for Medical Rehabilitation Research with the goal of developing and implementing a rehabilitation research agenda. Currently, a total of 17 institutes and centers at NIH invest more than $500 million per year in rehabilitation research. Recently, the director of NIH, Dr Francis Collins, appointed a Blue Ribbon Panel to evaluate the status of rehabilitation research across institutes and centers. As a follow-up to the work of that panel, NIH recently organized a conference under the title “Rehabilitation Research at NIH: Moving the Field Forward.” This report is a summary of the discussions and proposals that will help guide rehabilitation research at NIH in the near future.
This article is being published almost simultaneously in the following six journals: American Journal of Occupational Therapy, American Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair, Physical Therapy, and Rehabilitation Psychology. Citation information is as follows: Frontera WR, Bean JF, Damiano D, et al. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2017;97(4):393–403.
Overuse of Health Care Services in the Management of Cancer
Authors: Baxi Shrujal S. , Kale Minal , Keyhani Salomeh , Roman Benjamin R. , Yang Annie , Derosa Antonio P. , Korenstein Deborah 
Published: May 2017

Background:
Overuse, the provision of health services for which harms outweigh the benefits, results in suboptimal patient care and may contribute to the rising costs of cancer care. We performed a systematic review of the evidence on overuse in oncology.

Methods:
We searched Medline, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, SCOPUS databases, and 2 grey literature sources, for articles published between December 1, 2011 and March 10, 2017. We included publications from December 2011 to evaluate the literature since the inception of the ABIM Foundation’s Choosing Wisely initiative in 2012. We included original research articles quantifying overuse of any medical service in patients with a cancer diagnosis when utilizing an acceptable standard to define care appropriateness, excluding studies of cancer screening. One of 4 investigator reviewed titles and abstracts and 2 of 4 reviewed each full-text article and extracted data. Methodology used PRISMA guidelines.

Results:
We identified 59 articles measuring overuse of 154 services related to imaging, procedures, and therapeutics in cancer management. The majority of studies addressed adult or geriatric patients (98%) and focused on US populations (76%); the most studied services were diagnostic imaging in low-risk prostate and breast cancer. Few studies evaluated active cancer therapeutics or interventions aimed at reducing overuse. Rates of overuse varied widely among services and among studies of the same service.

Conclusions:
Despite recent attention to overuse in cancer, evidence identifying areas of overuse remains limited. Broader investigation, including assessment of active cancer treatment, is critical for identifying improvement targets to optimize value in cancer care.