bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Academicians' And Practitioners' Views On The Importance Of The Topical Content In The First Auditing Course
Authors: Armitage Jack , Poyzer Jillian K. 
Published: January 2016

The research question addressed in this study is to compare and identify differences between academics teaching auditing classes and practicing accountants regarding the importance of topics covered in the first university auditing course. This is accomplished by surveying academics and practitioners regarding their perceptions of the importance of 41 topics addressed in current auditing textbooks. The results show the five most important topics, as ranked by professors, are audit risk, understanding internal control, evidence, financial statement assertions, and fraud awareness. The five most important topics as ranked by accounting practitioners, are audit risk, ethics, documentation, understanding IC, analytical procedures. Professors teaching auditing classes face a challenge ensuring they prepare students to enter the business world equipped with all the skills necessary to be successful. Auditing professors should give consideration to tapping into this wealth of knowledge provided by accounting professionals and reevaluate the emphasis in their current auditing class.
Augmented Compared with Nonaugmented Surgical Repair After Total Achilles Rupture
Authors: Heikkinen Juuso , Lantto Iikka , Flinkkilä Tapio , Ohtonen Pasi , Pajala Ari , Siira Pertti , Leppilahti Juhana 
Published: January 2016

Background:
This prospective randomized trial with a mean fourteen-year follow-up compared simple end-to-end repair with fascial flap-augmented repair for acute Achilles tendon ruptures.

Methods:
From 1998 to 2001, sixty patients with acute Achilles tendon rupture were randomized to receive simple end-to-end repair or augmented repair; both groups were treated with postoperative bracing allowing free active plantar flexion. After a follow-up of thirteen years or more, fifty-five patients (twenty-eight in the nonaugmented-repair group and twenty-seven in the augmented-repair group) were reexamined. Outcome measures included the Leppilahti Achilles tendon score, isokinetic plantar flexion strength (peak torque and the work-displacement deficit at 10° intervals over the ankle range of motion), tendon elongation, and the RAND 36-item health survey.

Results:
After a mean of fourteen years of follow-up, the mean Leppilahti score was 87.1 points for the nonaugmented repairs and 91.5 points for the augmented repairs, with a mean difference of 4.3 points (95% confidence interval [CI], −0.1 to 8.8 points). The surgical technique did not have an impact on strength parameters, with a mean peak torque of 112.6 Nm after the nonaugmented repairs and 107.3 Nm after the augmented repairs (mean difference, 5.3 Nm [95% CI, −22.2 to 11.6 Nm]) and a median work-displacement deficit of 6.7% to 20.3% after the nonaugmented repairs and 12.8% to 18.0% after the augmented repairs (p = 0.9). Strength did not significantly change between the twelve-month and fourteen-year follow-up examinations. At a mean of fourteen years, the injured side showed a 12.2% to 18.0% median work-displacement deficit compared with the unaffected side (p < 0.001). RAND-36 scores indicated no between-group difference in health domains.

Conclusions:
Augmented repair of total Achilles tendon ruptures provided no advantage over simple end-to-end repair. Achilles tendon ruptures result in a permanent calf muscle strength deficit, but its clinical relevance remains unclear.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
A Link Between Hypoglycemia and Progression of Atherosclerosis in the Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial (VADT)
Authors: Saremi Aramesh , Bahn Gideon D. , Reaven Peter D. 
Published: January 2016

OBJECTIVE
To determine whether a link exists between serious hypoglycemia and progression of atherosclerosis in a substudy of the Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial (VADT) and to examine whether glycemic control during the VADT modified the association between serious hypoglycemia and coronary artery calcium (CAC) progression.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Serious hypoglycemia was defined as severe episodes with loss of consciousness or requiring assistance or documented glucose &lt;50 mg/dL. Progression of CAC was determined in 197 participants with baseline and follow-up computed tomography scans.

RESULTS
During an average follow-up of 4.5 years between scans, 97 participants reported severe hypoglycemia (n = 23) or glucose &lt;50 mg/dL (n = 74). Serious hypoglycemia occurred more frequently in the intensive therapy group than in the standard treatment group (74% vs. 21%, P &lt; 0.01). Serious hypoglycemia was not associated with progression of CAC in the entire cohort, but the interaction between serious hypoglycemia and treatment was significant (P &lt; 0.01). Participants with serious hypoglycemia in the standard therapy group, but not in the intensive therapy group, had ∼50% greater progression of CAC than those without serious hypoglycemia (median 11.15 vs. 5.4 mm3, P = 0.02). Adjustment for all baseline differences, including CAC, or time-varying risk factors during the trial, did not change the results. Examining the effect of serious hypoglycemia by on-trial HbA1c levels (cutoff 7.5%) yielded similar results. In addition, a dose-response relationship was found between serious hypoglycemia and CAC progression in the standard therapy group only.

CONCLUSIONS
Despite a higher frequency of serious hypoglycemia in the intensive therapy group, serious hypoglycemia was associated with progression of CAC in only the standard therapy group.
Radial shock wave therapy in dogs with hip osteoarthritis
Authors: Ferreira Marcio , Hagen Stefano , Patricio Geni , Matera Julia , Souza Alexandre 
Published: January 2016

SummaryObjective: The study aims were to evaluate the effects of radial shock wave therapy (RSWT) in dogs with hip osteoarthritis (OA) using clinical assessment and kinetic analysis.Methods: Thirty dogs diagnosed with bilateral hip OA and 30 healthy dogs were used. In OA dogs, one limb was randomly selected for treatment with RSWT while the contra -lateral limb served as an untreated control. Dogs were evaluated while walking on a pressure walkway. Peak vertical force (PVF) and vertical impulse (VI) were documented; symmetry index (SI) was also calculated. Blinded clinical evaluation was performed using a visual analogue scale (VAS). Owner perception data regarding levels of physical activity were also collected. The RSWT protocol (2000 pulses, 10 Hz, 2–3.4 bars) consisted of three weekly treatment sessions (days 1, 8 and 16). Follow-up data were collected 30, 60 and 90 days after the first session. Data were compared between time points, groups and limbs pairs.Results: At the end of the experimental period, mean PVF and VI values had increased (25.9 to 27.6%BW and 2.1 to 12.7%BW × s respectively) in treated limbs, with no significant differences in control limbs; SI values suggest improvement. Mean PVF and VI remained lower in the treated compared to the healthy group following treatment. The VAS scores suggested improvement in pain and lameness in treated dogs. Owner perception data suggested improved levels of physical activity following treatment.Conclusions and clinical significance: Outcomes of this study suggested beneficial effects of RSWT in dogs with hip osteoarthritis.
Early acetabular cartilage wear following hemiarthroplasty: An ovine model
Authors: Callary Stuart , Solomon Lucian , Stamenkov Roumen , McGee Margaret , Howie Donald , Field John 
Published: January 2016

SummaryObjectives: Hemiarthroplasty induces degenerative changes in the hip joint, which are difficult to evaluate in vivo. Radiostereometric analysis (RSA) is a radiographic measurement technique that has recently been used to measure acetabular cartilage wear in vivo. The aim of the study was to measure acetabular cartilage wear, using this technique, in an ovine model during the first 14 weeks post-implantation.Methods: Measurements of three-dimensional femoral head migration, combined with visual assessments at necropsy and safranin O staining for cartilage integrity, were undertaken.Results: Mean femoral head migration during the first six weeks was 0.525 mm in the medial, 0.144 mm in the cranial, and 0.517 mm in the dorsal direction. The majority of this migration was confirmed to be cartilage wear in the medial and dorsal aspects of the acetabulum at necropsy and with subsequent histological evaluation depicting significant cartilage degeneration.Clinical significance: Radiostereometric analysis is the current gold standard technique for in vivo assessment of implant migration following total hip replacement. This study has utilized RSA to quantify the amount of early cartilage wear in vivo, which was supported by ex vivo evaluations. Accurately measuring the amount of cartilage wear will allow future studies to compare component material and design characteristics prior to clinical use.
Femoral rotation unpredictably affects radiographic anatomical lateral distal femoral angle measurements
Authors: Miles James 
Published: January 2016

Summary
Objective: To describe the effects of internal and external femoral rotation on radiographic measurements of the anatomical lateral distal femoral angle (a-LDFA) using two methods for defining the anatomical proximal femoral axis (a-PFA).
Methods: Digital radiographs were obtained of 14 right femora at five degree intervals from 10° external rotation to 10° internal rotation. Using freely available software, a-LDFA measurements were made using two different a-PFA by a single observer on one occasion.
Results: Mean a-LDFA was significantly greater at 10° external rotation than at any other rotation. The response of individual femora to rotation was unpredictable, although fairly stable within ±5° of zero rotation. Mean a-LDFA for the two a-PFA methods differed by 1.5°, but were otherwise similarly affected by femoral rotation.
Clinical significance: If zero femoral elevation can be achieved for radiography, a-LDFA measurements do not vary much with mild femoral rotation (±5°). Outside of this range, a-LDFA varies unpredictably with femoral rotation.
ELECTRON HEATING IN MAGNETOROTATIONAL INSTABILITY: IMPLICATIONS FOR TURBULENCE STRENGTH IN THE OUTER REGIONS OF PROTOPLANETARY DISKS
Authors: Mori Shoji , Okuzumi Satoshi 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
The magnetorotational instability (MRI) drives vigorous turbulence in a region of protoplanetary disks where the ionization fraction is sufficiently high. It has recently been shown that the electric field induced by the MRI can heat up electrons and thereby affect the ionization balance in the gas. In particular, in a disk where abundant dust grains are present, the electron heating causes a reduction of the electron abundance, thereby preventing further growth of the MRI. By using the nonlinear Ohm's law that takes into account electron heating, we investigate where in protoplanetary disks this negative feedback between the MRI and ionization chemistry becomes important. We find that the “e-heating zone,” the region where the electron heating limits the saturation of the MRI, extends out up to 80 AU in the minimum-mass solar nebula with abundant submicron-sized grains. This region is considerably larger than the conventional dead zone whose radial extent is ∼20 AU in the same disk model. Scaling arguments show that the MRI turbulence in the e-heating zone should have a significantly lower saturation level. Submicron-sized grains in the e-heating zone are so negatively charged that their collisional growth is unlikely to occur. Our present model neglects ambipolar and Hall diffusion, but our estimate shows that ambipolar diffusion would also affect the MRI in the e-heating zone.
MAIN SEQUENCE EVOLUTION WITH LAYERED SEMICONVECTION
Authors: Moore Kevin , Garaud Pascale 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
Semiconvection is a form of mixing in thermally unstable regions that are partially stabilized by composition gradients. It has the greatest potential impact on the evolution of the cores of main sequence stars in the mass range

–

. We present the first stellar evolution calculations using the new prescription for semiconvective mixing proposed by Wood et al. Semiconvection in stars is predominately layered semiconvection. In our model, the layer height is an adjustable parameter analogous to the mixing length in convection. The rate of mixing inside semiconvective regions is sensitively dependent on the layer height. We find a critical layer height that separates weak semiconvective mixing (where stellar evolution is well-approximated by ignoring semiconvection entirely and using the Ledoux criterion for convection) from strong semiconvective mixing (where all composition gradients are rapidly mixed, so stellar evolution is well-approximated by ignoring them altogether and using the Schwarzschild criterion for convection instead). This critical layer height is much smaller than the minimum layer height derived from simulations so we predict that stellar evolution is nearly the same as in models ran with the Schwarzschild criterion. We also investigate the effects of composition gradient smoothing, finding that it causes convective cores to artificially shrink in the absence of additional mixing beyond the convective boundary. Layered semiconvection with realistic layer heights provides enough such mixing to avoid this problem. Finally, we discuss the potential of detecting layered semiconvection and its implication on convective core sizes in solar-like oscillators.
POLARIZATION SIGNATURES OF RELATIVISTIC MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC SHOCKS IN THE BLAZAR EMISSION REGION. I. FORCE-FREE HELICAL MAGNETIC FIELDS
Authors: Zhang Haocheng , Deng Wei , Li Hui , Böttcher Markus 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
The optical radiation and polarization signatures in blazars are known to be highly variable during flaring activities. It is frequently argued that shocks are the main driver of the flaring events. However, the spectral variability modelings generally lack detailed considerations of the self-consistent magnetic field evolution modeling; thus, so far the associated optical polarization signatures are poorly understood. We present the first simultaneous modeling of the optical radiation and polarization signatures based on 3D magnetohydrodynamic simulations of relativistic shocks in the blazar emission environment, with the simplest physical assumptions. By comparing the results with observations, we find that shocks in a weakly magnetized environment will largely lead to significant changes in the optical polarization signatures, which are seldom seen in observations. Hence an emission region with relatively strong magnetization is preferred. In such an environment, slow shocks may produce minor flares with either erratic polarization fluctuations or considerable polarization variations, depending on the parameters; fast shocks can produce major flares with smooth polarization angle rotations. In addition, the magnetic fields in both cases are observed to actively revert to the original topology after the shocks. All these features are consistent with observations. Future observations of the radiation and polarization signatures will further constrain the flaring mechanism and the blazar emission environment.
Naturally Occurring HCV NS5A/B Inhibitor Resistance-Associated Mutations to Direct-Acting Antivirals
Authors:   the Irish Hepatitis C Outcomes Research Network, Nguyen Linh Thuy , Hall Naomi , Sheerin Dylan , Carr Michael , De Gascun Cillian F 
Published: January 2016

Background Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) have significantly improved the treatment response in HCV chronic infection with higher potency and better tolerance. We established the prevalence of naturally occurring NS5A and NS5B inhibitor resistance-associated mutations (RAMs) in HCV genotype (GT)-1 chronically infected individuals in Ireland. Methods In a multicentre cohort study, employing sequencing-based analysis, the presence of RAMs was determined in the HCV NS5A ( n=119) and the NS5B ( n=60). Results Naturally occurring RAMs in NS5A (M28V, R30Q, L31I, P58S, E62D and Y93H) were identified in 14.3% (17/119) of cases. Notably, the major RAM Y93H was found in 15.2% (7/46) of GT-1b versus none (0/73) in GT-1a ( P=0.0009). The frequency of Y93H present in IFNL3 rs12979860 CC major homozygotes (30%, 3/10) was higher than in the non-CC group (11.1%, 4/36). GT-1b-infected individuals harbouring Y93H had significantly higher viral loads than those without this mutation ( P=0.006). Additionally, two novel insertions in GT-1a and GT-1b were identified in the NS5A interferon sensitivity-determining region. In NS5B, only minor pre-existing RAMs (L159F, C316N and I434M) were detected in 10% (6/60) of samples. The proportion of individuals harbouring multiple RAMs in different DAA target regions was low. Conclusions RAMs to novel DAAs were infrequent in the DAA-naive population in the present study. The NS5A Y93H substitution was the only significant RAM identified. Given the low frequency of multiple RAMs in NS3, NS5A and NS5B regions and the unclear impact of preexisting Y93H on the response in combination therapies, the role of pre-treatment RAM analysis in treatment-naive individuals requires further investigation.
Vers une transformation des sciences humaines et sociales
Authors: Piriou Odile 
Published: January 2016

Cet article décrit les transformations qui affectent la sociologie et les formations en sciences humaines et sociales depuis les années 2000. Le prisme disciplinaire retenu fait émerger des polarisations fortes sur la base de l’évolution des flux de production de titres et des types de diplômes développés par les filières. On est ainsi conduit à classer les disciplines en sciences humaines et sociales en trois catégories : les disciplines académiques, les disciplines académiques en voie de technicisation et les disciplines techniques. Le travail statistique met en évidence l’attractivité des disciplines techniques. Elle tient à la supposée employabilité qu’elles conféreraient aux étudiants. On montre également que la sensibilité des sciences humaines et sociales à cette influence dépend de déterminismes sociaux persistant dans leurs différences d’orientation et de fonction.
Relations d’emprise et de séduction entre frère et sœur dans la Corne de l’Afrique
Authors: Couchard Françoise 
Published: January 2016

Nous nous proposons d’étudier les relations de séduction entre le frère et ses sœurs dans la culture de la Corne de l’Afrique, plus particulièrement dans la République de Djibouti. Nos modèles théoriques sont empruntés à la psychanalyse et à l’anthropologie culturelle. Nous montrons que dans cette culture, le rituel de l’infibulation est le socle d’un imaginaire collectif puisque l’honneur de la famille et du clan reposait sur l’intégrité absolue de la « couture » du sexe féminin lors du mariage de la fille. Ce rituel renforçait chez le garçon l’angoisse de castration qui se déplaçait sur la difficulté pour l’homme de parvenir à « désinfibuler » l’épouse. Nous montrons comment les fantasmes originaires de séduction et de castration lient le frère à ses sœurs à travers cette fétichisation de la « couture » du sexe féminin. Nous avons dépeint deux types de frères : « le gardien du temple », représentant de la mère et garant de la virginité de la fille et le « gardien de l’idéal du moi », substitut paternel et parfois protecteur et « libérateur » de sa sœur.
Les ressources des jeunes travailleurs sociaux, un savant mélange
Authors: Chaput-Le Bars Corinne 
Published: January 2016

Les jeunes éducatrices et assistantes sociales, interrogées dans le cadre d’une étude sur les ressources que mobilisent les néo-professionnels dans l’exercice de leur activité, ont cité quatre catégories de ressources permettant de faire face aux problèmes à résoudre au quotidien. Les premières sont les « réserves de forces » dont elles disposaient au préalable, les deuxièmes sont constituées des ressources humaines inspirantes mettant en œuvre une série d’actions qui favorisent l’identification, l’application, la valorisation et l’intégration des savoirs de toute nature. Les troisièmes sont les ressources pragmatiques, orientées vers l’action ou la pratique, et enfin les dernières sont les ressources académiques, surtout issues du travail social, reconnu implicitement comme une « discipline ». Souhaitant pour certaines d’entre elles s’engager désormais dans la voie de la formation continue, elles valident l’importance des ressources qui émanent de la formation professionnelle.
One-Year Outcomes of Femtosecond Laser-Assisted LASIK Following Previous Radial Keratotomy
Authors: Rush Sloan W. , Rush Ryan B. 
Published: January 2016

PURPOSE:
To report the 1-year outcomes of LASIK in patients with previous radial keratotomy using a novel femtosecond laser platform.

METHODS:
The charts of 27 eyes of 18 patients who underwent femtosecond laser-assisted LASIK with the WaveLight FS200 laser (Alcon Laboratories, Inc., Fort Worth, TX) for consecutive hyperopia following previous radial keratotomy were retrospectively reviewed at a single private practice location. The preoperative characteristics, intraoperative details, and postoperative results were evaluated.

RESULTS:

All 27 eyes had successful femtosecond laser flap creation without significant intraoperative or postoperative complications. Uncorrected visual acuity significantly improved postoperatively to 0.13 ± 0.13 logMAR at 12 months of follow-up (
P
< .0001). Postoperative spherical equivalent averaged 0.11 ± 0.53 diopters. None of the patients lost any lines of corrected distance visual acuity during the postoperative period.

CONCLUSIONS:
The femtosecond laser technique described by this study resulted in a safe and effective way to deliver LASIK following previous radial keratotomy. Future investigations are needed to further validate the outcomes of this study.

[
J Refract Surg.
2016:32(1):15–19.]
Sculpteurs-marbriers en Provence
Authors: Chabre Sandrine 
Published: January 2016

La carrière de marbre de Trets, située au cœur de la Provence, a la particularité d'avoir été exploitée par une seule famille : les Veyrier. Dynastie d'artistes sculpteurs et architectes, ils ont œuvré tout au long du xviie siècle de Marseille à Gênes, et ce durant près d'un siècle. Le marbre d'ornement à dominante jaune veiné de rouge, appelé localement « marbre jaspé du païs », qu'ils ont extrait et travaillé pendant une très courte période (une cinquantaine d'années seulement), a servi à orner le château de Versailles et autres demeures royales, le château de Sceaux ainsi que certains des monuments où ont travaillé les Veyrier, comme l'église paroissiale de Trets, la basilique de Saint-Maximin, la cathédrale de Toulon ou encore celle d'Aix-en-Provence. D'un coloris original et prenant bien le poli, il est l'un des plus chers parmi ceux qui étaient alors vendus sur le quai de ville neuve à Marseille. À travers l'histoire de la carrière de Trets, c'est celle de Christophe Veyrier, élève du célèbre Pierre Puget, que l'on découvre au fil des blocs.
La utilización del Láser Scanner en el registro arqueológico: La experiencia de la Universidad de Alcalá.
Authors: Olmo Enciso Lauro , Castro Priego Manuel , López Macía Miguel 
Published: January 2016

<p>The area of archeology at the University of Alcalá has been developing for over 5 years the use of 3D instruments for analysis, recording and archaeological study of the buildings of the university complex declared a World Heritage Site in 1998.It has its advantages and weaknesses compared to other more traditional methods, the time has allowed us to combine different methods, such as the realization of rapid orthorectification of high resolution topographic reference using total station, with optional vertical lift and CAD software.</p>