bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Getting Started
Authors: Lesser Andrew 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Chapter 2 discusses the logistical, technical, and financial considerations involved in integrating digital game-based tools into a new or existing general music environment. It begins with a description of digital game-based learning models ranging from commercial-off-the-shelf games to edutainment and nontraditional games that focus on exploration without the possibility of failure. The chapter also includes a discussion of setups that involve devices for all students, devices for some students, or a single teacher device, as well as remote learning situations. Sample rubrics will also be provided for assessment and evaluation purposes. Also illustrated are ways that specific devices, such as laptops, Chromebooks, and portable media, can be used to play games that are accessible and cost-effective. The chapter ends with a discussion of how to troubleshoot issues such as solving technical problems, navigating gaming controversies, and understanding potential legal matters.
Performing Music With Games
Authors: Lesser Andrew 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The games presented in Chapter 4 emphasize the National Core Arts Standard of Performing, which involves the selection, analysis, and rehearsal of musical works. These games are sometimes categorized as “twitch” games, or games that require quick reaction times and motor dexterity. The games are organized into individual lesson templates that include learning objectives, detailed game descriptions, procedures for multiple classroom environments, differentiated instruction, assessments, and extensions. Instructional tutorial videos of each game are also available on the OUP website.
Growing Teens Who Use Stories Wisely
Authors: Reese Elaine 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Adolescents read less often for pleasure in the preteen and teenage years; this “decline by nine” is critical because their fiction reading is a strong predictor of their reading comprehension and social understanding skills. The gender gap in reading skill and enjoyment widens at this age in countries all over the world, with girls outpacing boys. Instead of reading, adolescents are watching online videos, engaging in social media, and playing video games. However, parent–child reminiscing and family storytelling continue into the adolescent years and foster children’s socioemotional and identity development. Teens’ brain development also supports changes in their reasoning skills for reading and real life. Parents and teachers can continue to support adolescents’ reading comprehension, socioemotional, and cognitive skills by providing books they will enjoy reading, by talking with them sensitively about past events, and by encouraging written expression.
Relational Dignity
Authors: Bayefsky Rachel 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter proposes an understanding of dignity—“relational dignity”—that aims both to keep faith with dignity’s historical roots and to inform contemporary legal regimes. A common thread running through many references to dignity is protection of the social self. Dignity is social and relational; to respect dignity is to maintain the conditions that are necessary for people to occupy a certain place in a communal world. In particular, dignity involves respect for status, the absence of domination, and the ability to exercise control over one’s self-presentation to others. The chapter fleshes out several aspects of this idea of dignity.
The Antidemocratic Feedback Loop
Authors: Lewis Becca 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter analyzes how, in the wake of the January 6 storming of the Capitol, right-wing media outlets shifted blame for the event to members of “the left.” First, the coverage drew false equivalences between Black Lives Matter protests and the storming of the Capitol. Second, building on these claims, right-wing outlets were able to frame most “mainstream media” coverage of January 6 as biased. Third, these outlets claimed that the Democratic Party would use the events of January 6 to persecute members of the right, making themselves the true victims. Taken together, this chapter reveals an escalating feedback loop between antidemocratic actions and their media coverage. As far-right efforts against the state escalate, right-wing media attacks on opponents also continue to escalate. In this way, the right-wing media’s responses to the events of January 6 have become their own accelerating attack on democratic participation.
Musical and Dramatic Conventions in the Florentine Horse Ballets
Authors: Harness Kelley 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The Ballo de’ venti of 1608 established many of the conventions that would characterize Florentine horse ballets for the remainder of the century, although, subsequent generations of librettists and composers—not to mention their Medici patrons—adapted and varied each ballet in accordance with shifts in musical taste and political realities. Over the course of the seventeenth century the genre displayed a remarkable consistency. This chapter focuses on the most important of its traditions, specifically performance locations, dramatic structure, visual spectacle, and music. Although all the music for the horse ballets is believed to be lost, similarities between the surviving texts and operas for which music does survive allows for hypothesizing as to its characteristics.
Scanning the Horizon
Authors: Armstrong Ryan M. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The King of Hearts is the most obvious mediator in Wonderland, but his role is so subtle that it hardly makes a difference to the plot. This chapter teases out the significance of mediation in its various—and often unnoticed—forms in the book of Job. Along the way, history’s rabbis, artists, and theologians are consulted, as many of these interpreters have highlighted certain aspects of mediation in the book of Job. By surveying the book’s competing mediation models and their impact on history, their contributions to the plot are traced out across the book’s various episodes, which build to a climax when Job receives divine revelation without mediation. In each case, they highlight honesty in divine–human interaction.
Storm Insurance
Authors: Armstrong Ryan M. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The King of Hearts assumes from the outset that anyone who challenges the Queen must be guilty. This is because he has taken her side before the trial ever begins. A justice system is ineffective when inundated by such dishonesty. This chapter takes a cue from Rashbam to uncover a plotline running through the book in which Job’s friends are judged according to Levitical stipulations for mediation. Three particular passages in Job follow Lev 19:15–18 closely in both vocabulary and structure, where mediators are forbidden from giving deference to the rich and powerful. By invoking this stipulation, Job accuses his friends of maintaining a biased, dishonest loyalty to the most powerful litigant: God. In response, God says the friends have not been speaking “honestly.” The dishonest mediation of the trio provides a perfect foil to Job’s own mediation, which becomes a symbol of his honesty.
The Trial of Don Pedro León Luján
Authors: Reeve W. Paul , Rich Christopher B. , Carruth LaJean Purcell 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In the late fall of 1851, a Latter-day Saint posse in central Utah arrested a group of New Mexican traders led by Don Pedro León Luján. The Mormons accused Luján and his companions of illegally engaging in the slave trade with members of the Ute tribe. The subsequent trial prods the territorial legislature to act. Utah law enforcement officials arrested Luján in late 1851 and charged him with trading without a license in Utah Territory. Luján was in possession of six enslaved Indigenous children and one woman when caught. Federal judge Zerubbabel Snow argued in his decision in the Luján case that without positive laws on the books legalizing unfree labor in the territory, Utah was de jure free. Thus, Luján’s trial and conviction spurs legislators to respond.
An Act in Relation to Service
Authors: Reeve W. Paul , Rich Christopher B. , Carruth LaJean Purcell 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
An Act in Relation to Service was a hotly contested bill that was greatly modified in form and effect before it was signed into law by Brigham Young in the Utah Territory. Moreover, there was a series of fundamental disagreements between members of the Latter-day Saint leadership regarding theology, race, and the nature of slavery. The debates also confirm that the law had a broader purpose than has been previously reported. It is now clear that the act authorized two related systems of indentured servitude: one for enslaved African Americans, and one for Mormon immigrants traveling from Europe and other locations. Even still, the terms of the Service Act are and were ambiguous either by design or by accident. The legislative debates indicate fundamental disagreements among the legislators about what they had created. If this was not enough, the legal context in which the statute operated shifted significantly over the next decade.
Utah’s Juneteenth
Authors: Reeve W. Paul , Rich Christopher B. , Carruth LaJean Purcell 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
On June 20, 1862, Abraham Lincoln signed into law a bill that prohibited slavery and involuntary servitude in all territories in the United States. Within a couple of weeks Congress also passed a law prohibiting polygamy in the territories as well. The Republican Party thus made good on its 1856 pledge to prohibit in the territories those “twin relics of barbarism,” slavery and polygamy. However, there is little indication to understand how news of the law might have made it into the hands of the territory’s enslavers, let alone into the hands of those whom they enslaved. Did the new law also outlaw the Native American indenture bill in Utah? Lawmakers did not seem to think so, as An Act for the Relief of Indian Slaves and Prisoners remained a part of Utah’s legal code until at least 1876. The legal ends to slavery and indenture in Utah Territory were thus distinct from their more ambiguous ends in practice.
Continuity and Change in Chinese Worldviews An Historical Survey
Authors: Rudd Kevin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter provides an historical survey of continuity and change in Chinese worldviews across the classical and modern periods. In crafting his own ideological worldview, Xi Jinping also draws from Chinese classical philosophy, its long tradition of practical statecraft, together with the complex intellectual universe of Marxism-Leninism. Classical texts on China’s centrality (the concept of “Middle Kingdom”, the cosmology of “all under Heaven”, and the hierarchical system of tributary states), in addition to those on Chinese strategic and military realism, have profoundly impacted the worldviews of generations of Chinese political leaders. Beyond Marxism, nationalism has also played a continuing role in constructing the CCP’s overall worldview and its search for long-term, sustainable political legitimacy. Finally, the chapter reviews how these various influences have been drawn upon to meet the different ideational of needs of Mao, Deng, Jiang, and Hu. .
Changes to China’s Ideological Worldview under Xi Jinping (2012–2017)
Authors: Rudd Kevin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the changes to China’s ideological worldview under Xi Jinping including the centrality of dialectical materialism and historical materialism to Xi’s view of reality and praxis. It explains that Xi’s report to the 19th Party Congress in 2017 represented the most significant shift in the CCP’s official worldview since 1982. Xi’s interpretation of Marxist-Leninist ideology, his redefinition of the party’s “central contradiction” and his re-examination of the “primary stage of socialism” have signalled profound changes in China’s economic direction—moving policy decisively towards the Marxist left. Similarly, Xi’s rehabilitation of the disciplines of an all-powerful party have pushed the centre of gravity of Chinese politics towards the Leninist left. The chapter also underscores how Xi sees himself as engaged in an existential ideological struggle with the West.
The Impact of Ideology on Xi’s Economic Policy
Authors: Rudd Kevin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter considers the impact of ideology on the overall direction of economic policy of Xi Jinping. Under Xi, economic policy settings have been pushed to the Marxist left. In ideological terms, this was achieved by Xi formally deploying the tools of dialectical materialism in adjusting the party’s “central contradiction” at the 19th Congress in 2017—with a new priority attached to dealing with the “imbalances of development” that emerged over 35 years of reform and opening. This ideological shift was underpinned by a re-examination of where China now stood within the framework of historical materialism, the “primary stage of socialism” and the need to adjust the “relations of production” (or class inequality) in response to the unleashing of the “forces of production” during the Deng, Jiang and Hu period. By adjusting the basic terms of the party’s theoretical and ideological discourse, Xi altered the underlying ideological conditions that influence China’s real-world economic policy. The chapter discusses how this underlying ideological change is reflected in a series of specific ‘banner terms’ indicating significant changes in China’s macro-policy settings. These include the rising role of state industrial policy versus the market, the role of the party versus the private sector, and the new significance to be attached to the doctrine of “common prosperity.”
Ideology, the 14th Five-Year Plan, and the Direction of Micro-Economic Policy
Authors: Rudd Kevin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines China’s micro-economic policy in correlation with the 14th Five-Year Plan. It explains parallel movements in a number of microeconomic policy settings towards the Marxist left—away from the market and towards the state. The shift is reflected in a large-scale expansion of state industrial policy, the hardening of state-owned enterprise (SOE) policy, new requirements imposed by Xi on the private sector and a new discourse on the ‘real economy’ epitomized by manufacturing (as opposed to “fictitious economy” of property and finance). Moreover, the plethora of changes to SOE structure, mission, and party direction represents a deep reversal in the previous market-driven approach to SOE reform. Further, the chapter argues that beyond these changing directions in micro-economic policy settings, ideological change has also become a clear determinant of a new approach to China’s international economic engagement—through what Xi describes as a ‘new pattern’ of opening to the world, as distinguished from the previous era of ‘reform and opening’ under Deng.
Nationalism and the Narrative of Foreign Policy Assertiveness
Authors: Rudd Kevin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses Xi Jinping’s nationalism and its role in shaping his narrative of foreign policy assertiveness. In his first major foreign policy address to the party as general secretary, Xi eschewed all reference to Deng’s diplomatic guidance and replaced it with a new doctrine of ‘striving for achievement’. Under this new doctrine, China adopted a more assertive posture through its approaches to ‘neighbouring state diplomacy’ and a ‘new type of great power relations’, as well as his global mega-project to rewrite the norms, rules, and institutions of international governance under his concept of a ‘community of common destiny for all humankind’. The chapter outlines how Xi has sought to craft an ideological narrative on the inevitability of China’s national ascendancy, authorizing his diplomats and military to begin turning the real-world status quo to become more compatible with Chinese national interests and values, while carefully calibrating this new regional and global activism with the changing balance of power between China and the United States.
Xi’s Nationalist Ideology and Future Trends in Chinese Foreign Policy
Authors: Rudd Kevin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter analyses Xi Jinping’s nationalist ideology and its relationship with future trends in Chinese foreign policy. It argues that Xi’s officially sponsored nationalist campaigns are likely to continue in parallel with his strategic resolve to pursue an increasingly assertive foreign and security policy, despite tactical adjustments from time to time. Nationalism is similarly useful for bolstering regime legitimacy at a time when other domestic political and economic pressures within China may increase. Nationalism will continue to be underpinned by a deeper ideological analysis of the state of the world and emerging global trends: within a historical materialist frame of analysis, the power of America and the collective West will continue in its relative decline; similarly, dialectical materialism will likely cause Xi’s party to conclude that the underlying ‘contradictions’ between liberal capitalist America and socialist China will continue to sharpen, making international crises more acute, and potentially more violent, over time. The chapter then discusses Xi’s foreign policy readjustment following the November 2023 ‘stabilisation’ summit with President Biden and December 2023 Central Foreign Affairs Work Conference, within a framework of tactical, ideological constraint. It underlines the contrast between Xi’s external messaging to the United States that China did not seek to replace America in the regional and global order, and his internal messaging to the Chinese system that nothing had changed in terms of China’s long-term strategy. However, Xi will be tactically constrained by the continuing reality, presence, and deterrent effect of American military, economic, and financial power. Finally, the chapter outlines the likely Chinese posture over the decade ahead towards Taiwan, the South China Sea, the East China Sea, the Sino-Indian border, and its campaign around global governance reform.
Invisible Losers
Authors: Hinkle Rachael K. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In 1974, Marc Galanter famously theorized that society’s “haves” are more likely to be successful in litigation than “have-nots” due to both their greater resources and more extensive familiarity with the legal system. Litigants such as government actors, who have more resources and experience, are more likely to be successful than litigants with fewer resources and less experience, like individuals. This chapter discusses the links between the mechanisms that might drive the resource advantage and whether the observed discrepancy in success might be either larger or smaller among cases with unpublished decisions. The data reveal that while have-nots are at a disadvantage in unpublished cases, the size of that deficit is smaller than in published cases. This finding undermines the most benign explanation for the resource advantage, that it is simply a product of uninformed litigants making bad decisions to bring weak appeals.
Methods in Malayo-Polynesian comparative-historical linguistics
Authors: Ross Malcolm , Greenhill Simon J. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter considers methodological issues in the classification and subgrouping of Malayo-Polynesian (MP) languages. It compares applications of the traditional comparative method and newer Bayesian phylogenetics in Austronesian historical linguistics, arguing that they present complementary rather than competitive approaches. The comparison can be used to illuminate contentious points in the MP tree. The chapter discusses the application of methods to MP by alluding to the higher-order phylogeny of Austronesian on which most Austronesianist historical linguists agree.
Heritage languages and the study of Malayo-Polynesian diasporas
Authors: Moro Francesca R. , Slomanson Peter 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter starts with an overview of heritage linguistics, which is a new linguistic discipline primarily concerned with the study of heritage languages (immigrant minority languages spoken in diaspora contexts). The main goal of heritage linguistics is to describe and analyse the differences between heritage languages and their homeland counterparts, and to identify the sources or causes of divergence. One of these sources is cross-linguistic influence, as the unequal status of the majority (dominant) language and the heritage languages often leads to both lexical and structural transfer from the former to the latter. Among the Austronesian languages, there are at least a dozen languages spoken by diaspora communities. The chapter focuses on five of these Austronesian heritage languages by providing an historical and sociolinguistic background, together with some salient linguistic features showing syntactic convergence on the grammars of the majority language(s). These five heritage varieties are Sri Lankan Malay, Cocos Malay, Javanese in Suriname, Javanese in New Caledonia, and Ambon Malay in the Netherlands.
Language contact in Africa
Authors: Adelaar Alexander 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses the linguistic contact between Austronesian and Bantu languages. Languages involved on the Austronesian side are Malagasy and, to a much lesser extent, Malay. On the Bantu side, the languages that have played a role in this contact are mainly Comorian languages and Swahili. The chapter begins by looking at how Malagasy migration history has been approached, including speculations about multiple migrations, migration routes and the presence of an earlier population in Madagascar. It distinguishes two Malagasy proto-languages, one representing the language as it was just before the migrations, and the other representing it after it had acquired a Bantu substratum. The chapter also gives an account of the actual Bantu linguistic influence on Malagasy, including a Bantu substratum and its effects on the lexicon, phonology, and grammar. Finally, it describes the influence of Malagasy and Malay on Bantu languages.
Palauan
Authors: Zobel Erik 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter looks into Palauan, a primary branch of Malayo-Polynesian that is spoken on the Palau Islands in the Republic of Palau in Micronesia. However, Palauan does not belong to the Oceanic subgroup despite its location as it does not display the phonological and lexical innovations that characterize the subgroup. The chapter proves that Palau and the Marianas settled independently from insular Southeast Asia at least three thousand years ago. It also expounds on Palauan’s linguistic features such as retaining its prefixes from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian and having similar features to Philippine-type languages. Palauan is only superficially aberrant due to drastic phonological reduction.
Agenda for Development
Authors: Schrijver Nico J 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The Agenda for Development refers first of all to a policy document which former UN Secretary-General Boutros-Ghali submitted in 1994 to the UN General Assembly (‘UNGA’) as a supplement to the →Agenda for Peace. Together with his Agenda for Democratization, these reports form a trilogy setting out a UN policy framework based on a visionwhich underscores the interdependency between peace, development and democracy (→ Solidarity Rights [Development, Peace, Environment, Humanitarian Assistance]). In a wider sense, the Agenda for Development denotes the whole array of programmes and activities in the economic and social field within the UN system.