bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vandens motyvas Liūnės Sutemos ir Astridos Ivaskos poezijoje
Authors: Stepukonienė Inga 
Published: January 2017

Straipsnyje pasitelkus fenomenologinės analizės principus siekiama apžvelgti vandens motyvo svarbą dviejų baltų tautų poečių – Liūnės Sutemos ir Astridos Ivaskos kūryboje. Reikšmingas Liūnės Sutemos ir Astridos Ivaskos poetinio pasaulėvaizdžio elementas yra vanduo, savitai ženklinantis pasaulio ritmus ir žmogaus egzistenciją, glaudžiai susijęs su asmenybės saviidentifikacija.
Liūnės Sutemos ir Astridos Ivaskos poezijoje vandens stichija dažniausia įprasminama lietaus, sniego, ledo, ežero, jūros struktūra, kuria liudijama stipri gyvenimo manifestacija, viename lygmenyje simboliškai susiejant realybę ir iliuziją, realų ir anapusinį pasaulį.
Vanduo Liūnės Sutemos ir Astridos Ivaskos poezijoje yra ir mirties, ir gyvybės simbolis. Poečių kūrybą artina ryškios individo pastangos išsaugoti savą dvasinį pasaulį, savą kultūrinį „ego“ – etninę atmintį subrandinusį gimtosios aplinkos, kalbos, žmonių santykių lauką; jūros banga, lietus, sniegas, lašas – dažniausios vandens formos, eilėraščio poetinėje erdvėje įprasminančios šias gyvybės išlaikymo, sielos atgijimo, pabudimo semas. Liūnės Sutemos ir Astridos Ivaskos kūrybą artina ir saviidentifikacijos paieškos: pasiaukojančios, atnašaujančios moters savastis.
Darbo metodai: analitinis interpretacinis, aprašomasis, fenomenologinis, lyginamasis.
Multi-Scalar Trade Unionism: Lessons from Maritime Unions
Authors: Fairbrother Peter , Gekara Victor Oyaro 
Published: January 2017

Union approaches in relation to the global recalibration of work and employment relations and practices over the last three decades are being worked out in practice. The question for unions is by which means they either have leverage or the potential to exercise power in relation to state and corporate decisions and strategies. Unions thus face challenging questions about the ways they organize, exercise their capacities and attempt to meet their purposes. With reference to the Australian maritime sector, the study examines the ways the main union, the Maritime Union of Australia, developed multi-scalar approaches to localized events. The problem unions face is to defend and advance workers’ interests. The task is to organize, to realize their capacities to defend and advance maritime workers’ interests, increasingly in multi-scalar ways.
The argument is that leaderships and activity that ‘bridge’ scalar relationships are an important condition in this process. There appears to be a complex set of cross-connections between the local, the national and the international. While transnational connectivity increasingly defines contemporary forms of trade unionism, these scalar relations are defined in relation to the workplace, the everyday world, and by the ways that transport is a defining characteristic of the global world. These relations constitute contemporary class struggle where work and employment relations are always in a process of change and development. Trade unionism, thus, remains a collective expression of power relations, in an increasingly internationalized world of work and employment.
Thus, this research presents important lessons for multi-scalar organization and campaigning by unions to realize their capacities and purpose. Nonetheless, this study is only a beginning. While it indicates the processes of bridging, the next step is to investigate the variety of ways that bridging may take place and with what outcomes for the development of multi-scalar activity.
What’s Next after Psychological Contract Violation?
Authors: Guerrero Sylvie , Naulleau Mickael 
Published: January 2017

This article adopts an in-depth clinical perspective based on the theoretical framework of grief in order to examine individuals’ reactions following psychological contract violation over a period of 12 months. By focusing on emotional intra-psychic phenomena our study provides evidence of the enduring effects of psychological contract violation on individuals and the employment relationship.
We conducted a total of 60 interviews among 11 managers of a temporary employment agency that has implemented a series of organizational changes, mainly related to restructuring and downsizing decisions. The 11 managers interviewed have been chosen after having reported in a short survey that they experienced a psychological contract violation at work.
Our results indicate that psychological contract violation triggers the subject into a grief process only when violation deprives the individual from a highly invested object at work. In these circumstances, the grief process lasts longer than we originally expected since, over 12 months, we were unable to observe the grief process in its entirety among our participants. We also find that the grief process may be accelerated or stopped according to the capacity of the organization and the individual to offer new objects that satisfy the individual’s needs and thus may help the person mourn the loss experienced as a result of the violation. Finally, our results show that the grief process deeply alters the employment relationship and modifies the amount and intensity of energy that the participants of our study devote to their work.
Comparison of different sample preparation methods for platinum determination in cultured cells by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry
Authors: Xiao Man , Huang Zaiju , Cai Jing , Jia Jinghui , Zhang Yuzeng , Dong Weihong , Wang Zehua 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundPlatinum-based agents are widely used in chemotherapy against solid tumors and insufficient intracellular drug accumulation is one of the leading causes of platinum resistance which is associated with poor survival of tumor patients. Thus, the detection of intracellular platinum is pivotal for studies aiming to overcome platinum resistance. In the present study, we aimed to establish a reliable graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS)-based assay to quantify the intracellular platinum content for cultured cells.MethodsSeveral most commonly applied cell preparation methods, including 0.2% HNO3, 0.2% Triton X-100, concentrated nitric acid, RIPA combined with concentrated nitric acid and hydroxide, followed by GFAAS for platinum detection were compared in ovarian, cervical and liver cancer cell lines to obtain the optimal one, and parameters regarding linearity, accuracy, precision and sensitivity were evaluated. Influence of other metals on platinum detection and the storage conditions of samples were also determined.ResultsThe treatment of cells with 0.2% HNO3was superior to other approaches with fewer platinum loss and better repeatability. The recovery rate and precision of this method were 97.3%–103.0% and 1.4%–3.8%, respectively. The average recoveries in the presence of other metals were 95.1%–103.1%. The detection limit was 13.23 ug/L. The recovery rate of platinum remained acceptable even in cell samples stored in −20 °C or −80 °C for two months.DiscussionAfter comparison, we found that 0.2% HNO3was optimal for intracellular platinum quantification based on GFAAS, which presented values compatible with that of inductively-coupled plasma mass-spectrometry (ICP-MS), and this is partially attributed to the simplicity of this method. Moreover, the assay was proved to be accurate, sensitive, cost-effective and suitable for the research of platinum-based antitumor therapy.
Biochemical characterization of the Helicobacter pylori Cag‐type IV secretion system unique component CagU
Authors: Kumari Rajesh , Shariq Mohd , Kumar Navin , Mukhopadhyay Gauranga 
Published: January 2017

Many strains of Helicobacter pylori encode a protein secreting type IV secretion system called the Cag‐T4SS. Here, we characterize one of the Cag‐T4SS‐specific components, CagU (HP0531). We report that CagU is a bacterial inner membrane‐associated protein, partially processed at the C terminus, and that it interacts with the VirB6 and VirB8 homologs CagW and CagV, respectively. The level of expression of CagU is partially affected in the absence of cagX, cagW, and cagV. Deletion of cagU aborts surface localization of CagA and affects the expression levels of CagI and CagH, which are involved in the Cag‐T4SS pilus formation. Complementation of the cagU null mutation by wild‐type cagU restores all these functions, suggesting its importance for Cag‐T4SS function.
Impact of tropical cyclones on modeled extreme wind‐wave climate
Authors: Timmermans Ben , Stone Dáithí , Wehner Michael , Krishnan Harinarayan 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe effect of forcing wind resolution on the extremes of global wind‐wave climate are investigated in numerical simulations. Forcing winds from the Community Atmosphere Model at horizontal resolutions of ∼1.0° and ∼0.25° are used to drive Wavewatch III. Differences in extreme wave height are found to manifest most strongly in tropical cyclone (TC) regions, emphasizing the need for high‐resolution forcing in those areas. Comparison with observations typically show improvement in performance with increased forcing resolution, with a strong influence in the tail of the distribution, although simulated extremes can exceed observations. A simulation for the end of the 21st century under a RCP 8.5 type emission scenario suggests further increases in extreme wave height in TC regions.
Urban heat island‐induced increases in evapotranspirative demand
Authors: Zipper Samuel C. , Schatz Jason , Kucharik Christopher J. , Loheide Steven P. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAlthough the importance of vegetation in mitigating the urban heat island (UHI) is known, the impacts of UHI‐induced changes in micrometeorological conditions on vegetation are not well understood. Here we show that plant water requirements are significantly higher in urban areas compared to rural areas surrounding Madison, WI, driven by increased air temperature with minimal effects of decreased air moisture content. Local increases in impervious cover are strongly associated with increased evapotranspirative demand in a consistent manner across years, with most increases caused by elevated temperatures during the growing season rather than changes in changes in growing season length. Potential evapotranspiration is up to 10% higher due to the UHI, potentially mitigating changes to the water and energy balances caused by urbanization. Our results indicate that local‐scale land cover decisions (increases in impervious cover) can significantly impact evapotranspirative demand, with likely implications for water and carbon cycling in urban ecosystems.
Sura heating facility transmissions to the CASSIOPE/e‐POP satellite
Authors: James H. G. , Frolov V. L. , Andreeva E. S. , Padokhin A. M. , Siefring C. L. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThroughout a nighttime pass of the CASSIOPE satellite at an altitude of about 1300 km above the Sura heating facility, transmission of O‐mode radiation from Sura to the enhanced Polar Outflow Probe (e‐POP) Radio Receiver Instrument on CASSIOPE was maintained. Also, during this pass, continuous VHF/UHF transmission from the e‐POP Coherent Electromagnetic Radio Tomography radio beacon to three coordinated ground receivers in the Sura vicinity was achieved. Tomography of the VHF/UHF received wave data based on total electron content permitted the two‐dimensional distribution of ionospheric ambient electron plasma frequency fpe to be determined in the latitude‐altitude space between Sura and CASSIOPE. The foF2 values about 0.1 MHz above the Sura pump frequency of 4.3 MHz were measured by the tomography. We examine the question of whether the observations can be explained on the basis of classic propagation in a smooth ionosphere. Tracing of rays from Sura toward CASSIOPE orbital locations finds most rays reflected away from the topside by the patchy ionospheric structure in bottomside fpe. It is concluded that O‐mode ducting in underdense field‐aligned irregularities is responsible for maintaining the transionospheric transmission across the 2 min pass. O‐ to Z‐mode “radio‐window” conversion in the F region bottomside is not required to explain these data.
Elemental properties, hydrology, and biology interact to shape concentration‐discharge curves for carbon, nutrients, sediment, and major ions
Authors: Moatar F. , Abbott B. W. , Minaudo C. , Curie F. , Pinay G. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractTo investigate the prevalence and cause of concentration‐discharge (C‐Q) relationships for carbon, nutrients, major ions, and particulates, we analyzed 40 years of water quality data from 293 monitoring stations in France. Catchments drained diverse landscapes and ranged from 50 to 110,000 km2, together covering nearly half of France. To test for differences during low and high flows, we calculated independent C‐Q slopes above and below the median discharge. We found that 84% of all catchment‐element combinations were chemodynamic for at least half of the hydrograph and 60% of combinations showed nonlinear C‐Q curves. Only two or three of the nine possible C‐Q modalities were manifest for each parameter, and these modalities were stable through time, suggesting that intrinsic and extrinsic elemental properties (e.g., solubility, reactivity, and source dynamics) set basic C‐Q templates for each parameter, which are secondarily influenced by biological activity during low flows, and the interaction between hydrology and catchment characteristics at high flows. Several patterns challenged current C‐Q views, including low‐flow chemostasis for TSS in 66% of catchments, low‐flow biological mediation of
in 71% of catchments, and positive C‐Q for dissolved organic carbon independent of catchment size in 80% of catchments. Efforts to reduce nutrient loading decreased phosphorus concentration and altered C‐Q curves, but
continued to increase. While C‐Q segmentation requires more data than a single analysis, the prevalence of nonlinear C‐Q slopes demonstrates the potential information loss associated with linear or monotonic analysis of C‐Q relationships, and conversely, the value of long‐term monitoring.
Synthesis of Highly Substituted Polyenes by Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross–Couplings of Sterically Encumbered Alkenyl Bromides and N‐Tosylhydrazones
Authors: Paraja Miguel , Barroso Raquel , Cabal M. Paz , Valdés Carlos 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA new method for the synthesis of polysubstituted conjugated dienes is described, through the palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling between N‐tosylhydrazones and alkenyl bromides. The reaction proceeds efficiently when a combination of a highly substituted bromoalkene and a hydrazone derived from a ketone are employed, pointing to the convenience of a sterically encumbered environment. This unprecedented process allows for the stereocontrolled preparation of highly substituted dienes and polyenes.magnified image
Primates on display: Potential disease consequences beyond bushmeat
Authors: Muehlenbein Michael P. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractHuman interactions with nonhuman primates vary tremendously, from daily cultural engagements and food commodities, to pet ownership and tourist encounters. These interactions provide opportunities for the exchange of pathogenic organisms (both zoonoses and anthroponoses). As exposures are not limited to areas where bushmeat usage continues to be a major problem, we must work to understand better our motivations for engaging in activities like owning primates as pets and having direct physical contact with wild primates within the context of nature‐based tourism. These topics, and the theoretical potential for pathogen transmission, are reviewed in the present manuscript. This is followed by a case study utilizing 3845 survey responses collected from four international locations known for primate‐based tourism, with results indicating that while a majority of people understand that they can give/get diseases to/from wild primates, a surprising percentage would still touch or feed these animals if given the opportunity. Many people still choose to touch and/or own primates, as their drive to bond with animals outweighs some basic health behaviors. Desires to tame, control, or otherwise establish emotional connections with other species, combined with the central role of touch for exploring our environment, necessitate the development of better communication and educational campaigns to minimize risks of emerging infectious diseases.
Peptide N‐Amination Supports β‐Sheet Conformations
Authors: Sarnowski Matthew P. , Kang Chang Won , Elbatrawi Yassin M. , Wojtas Lukasz , Del Valle Juan R. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe conformational heterogeneity of backbone N‐substituted peptides limits their ability to adopt stable secondary structures. Herein, we describe a practical synthesis of backbone aminated peptides that readily adopt β‐sheet folds. Data derived from model N‐amino peptides suggest that extended conformations are stabilized through cooperative steric, electrostatic, and hydrogen‐bonding interactions.
A PDE6δ‐KRas Inhibitor Chemotype with up to Seven H‐Bonds and Picomolar Affinity that Prevents Efficient Inhibitor Release by Arl2
Authors: Martín‐Gago Pablo , Fansa Eyad K. , Klein Christian H. , Murarka Sandip , Janning Petra , Schürmann Marc , Metz Malte , Ismail Shehab , Schultz‐Fademrecht Carsten , Baumann Matthias , Bastiaens Philippe I. H. , Wittinghofer Alfred , Waldmann Herbert 
Published: January 2017

AbstractSmall‐molecule inhibition of the interaction between the KRas oncoprotein and the chaperone PDE6δ impairs KRas spatial organization and signaling in cells. However, despite potent binding in vitro (KD<10 nm), interference with Ras signaling and growth inhibition require 5–20 μm compound concentrations. We demonstrate that these findings can be explained by fast release of high‐affinity inhibitors from PDE6δ by the release factor Arl2. This limitation is overcome by novel highly selective inhibitors that bind to PDE6δ with up to 7 hydrogen bonds, resulting in picomolar affinity. Their release by Arl2 is greatly decreased, and representative compounds selectively inhibit growth of KRas mutated and ‐dependent cells with the highest activity recorded yet. Our findings indicate that very potent inhibitors of the KRas‐PDE6δ interaction may impair the growth of tumors driven by oncogenic KRas.
Thermally Adjustable Dynamic Disulfide Linkages Mediated by Highly Air‐Stable 2,2,6,6‐Tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐sulfanyl (TEMPS) Radicals
Authors: Takahashi Akira , Goseki Raita , Otsuka Hideyuki 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIntrinsically exchangeable dynamic covalent bonds that can be triggered by readily usable stimuli offer easy incorporation of their dynamic properties in various molecular systems, but the library of such bonds is still being developed. Herein, we report the dynamic covalent chemistry of 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐sulfanyl (TEMPS) dimers derived from thermally reversible homolytic dissociation of disulfide linkages. High air stability of TEMPS was observed even at 100 °C, affording facile employment of thermal dissociation–association equilibria and adjustable bond exchange properties under atmospheric conditions. We also established an efficient synthetic route for a modifiable derivative of the dimer that enabled incorporation of dynamic properties into linear and network polymer structures. The obtained polymers showed controllable molecular weights, temperature‐dependent swelling properties, healing ability, and recyclability, reflecting the thermally tunable dynamics of the dimer.
Discrimination between Conglomerates and Pseudoracemates Using Surface Coverage Plots in 2D Self‐Assemblies at the Liquid–Graphite Interface
Authors: Maeda Naoki , Hirose Takashi , Matsuda Kenji 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe two‐dimensional (2D) molecular ordering of two photochromic diarylethenes was investigated using scanning tunneling microscopy at the liquid–graphite interface. The racemic mixture of the closed‐ring isomer of one of the diarylethenes showed spontaneous separation of its enantiomers upon 2D crystallization, whereas that of the other diarylethene formed a pseudoracemic crystal in which two enantiomers coexist in a 2D ordering domain. The mixing of enantiomers in 2D assemblies can be analyzed by the dependence of the surface coverage on the concentration of enantiomers at different enantiomeric ratios.
General Synthesis of Multishell Mixed‐Metal Oxyphosphide Particles with Enhanced Electrocatalytic Activity in the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Guan Bu Yuan , Yu Le , Lou Xiong Wen (David) 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe report a general approach for the synthesis of multishell mixed‐metal oxyphosphide particles. Seven‐layer Mn‐Co oxide particles were first prepared by thermal treatment of Mn‐Co coordination polymer precursors. Afterwards, these multishell Mn‐Co oxide particles were further transformed into multishell Mn‐Co oxyphosphide particles through a phosphidation reaction. This approach is very versatile and can be applied to synthesize other multishell mixed‐metal oxyphosphide particles with different compositions. By applying a constant electrochemical potential, these multishell Mn‐Co oxyphosphide particles can be activated to produce Mn‐Co oxide/hydroxide species in their nanoshells and then show greatly enhanced electrocatalytic activity in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER).
A ‘self‐adjustment’ mechanism for mixed‐layer heat budget in the equatorial Atlantic cold tongue
Authors: Shi Yanyan , Wang Bin , Huang Wenyu 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWind forcing is one of the most important sources for the oceanic energy cycle and is especially critical to the heat budget of surface mixed layer. The sensitivity of heat budget in the equatorial Atlantic cold tongue (EACT) region (5°S–5°N, 25°W–5°E) to wind forcing and the related mechanism are explored in this study. Based on the experiments forced by different wind forcing from both reanalysis and idealized datasets, it is revealed that the contribution ratio for each of the dominant physical processes in the heat budget is insensitive (the variations within 1% of the mean) to the variations in the local winds (the largest variation is about 20% of the mean) over the EACT region. Therefore, a ‘self‐adjustment’ mechanism exists in the mixed‐layer heat budget: as local zonal winds over the EACT region strengthen (weaken), both the cooling effects of turbulent mixing and the combined warming effects of surface net heat flux and zonal advection simultaneously increase (decrease) by nearly the same percentage and thus their contribution ratios are kept constant. Owing to the impact of meridional winds on each term of heat budget can be neglected, the above mechanism is also tenable under the situation when the local meridional winds change.