bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Neural Basis of Recollection Rejection: Increases in Hippocampal–Prefrontal Connectivity in the Absence of a Shared Recall-to-Reject and Target Recollection Network
Authors: Bowman Caitlin R. , Dennis Nancy A. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Recollection rejection or “recall-to-reject” is a mechanism that has been posited to help maintain accurate memory by preventing the occurrence of false memories. Recollection rejection occurs when the presentation of a new item during recognition triggers recall of an associated target, a mismatch in features between the new and old items is registered, and the lure is correctly rejected. Critically, this characterization of recollection rejection involves a recall signal that is conceptually similar to recollection as elicited by a target. However, previous neuroimaging studies have not evaluated the extent to which recollection rejection and target recollection rely on a common neural signal but have instead focused on recollection rejection as a postretrieval monitoring process. This study utilized a false memory paradigm in conjunction with an adapted remember–know–new response paradigm that separated “new” responses based on recollection rejection from those that were based on a lack of familiarity with the item. This procedure allowed for parallel recollection rejection and target recollection contrasts to be computed. Results revealed that, contrary to predictions from theoretical and behavioral literature, there was virtually no evidence of a common retrieval mechanism supporting recollection rejection and target recollection. Instead of the typical target recollection network, recollection rejection recruited a network of lateral prefrontal and bilateral parietal regions that is consistent with the retrieval monitoring network identified in previous neuroimaging studies of recollection rejection. However, a functional connectivity analysis revealed a component of the frontoparietal rejection network that showed increased coupling with the right hippocampus during recollection rejection responses. As such, we demonstrate a possible link between PFC monitoring network and basic retrieval mechanisms within the hippocampus that was not revealed with univariate analyses alone.
Fundamentally Distributed Information Processing Integrates the Motor Network into the Mental Workspace during Mental Rotation
Authors: Schlegel Alexander , Konuthula Dedeepya , Alexander Prescott , Blackwood Ethan , Tse Peter U. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The manipulation of mental representations in the human brain appears to share similarities with the physical manipulation of real-world objects. In particular, some neuroimaging studies have found increased activity in motor regions during mental rotation, suggesting that mental and physical operations may involve overlapping neural populations. Does the motor network contribute information processing to mental rotation? If so, does it play a similar computational role in both mental and manual rotation, and how does it communicate with the wider network of areas involved in the mental workspace? Here we used multivariate methods and fMRI to study 24 participants as they mentally rotated 3-D objects or manually rotated their hands in one of four directions. We find that information processing related to mental rotations is distributed widely among many cortical and subcortical regions, that the motor network becomes tightly integrated into a wider mental workspace network during mental rotation, and that motor network activity during mental rotation only partially resembles that involved in manual rotation. Additionally, these findings provide evidence that the mental workspace is organized as a distributed core network that dynamically recruits specialized subnetworks for specific tasks as needed.
A Climatology of Multiple Tropical Cyclone Events
Authors: Schenkel Benjamin A. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The present study provides a climatology of multiple tropical cyclone (TC) events (MTCEs) and the potential environmental factors responsible for triggering MTCEs in the North Atlantic (NATL), eastern North Pacific (EPAC), and western North Pacific (WPAC). While single TC events (STCEs) occur more frequently than MTCEs in each basin, a substantial fraction (34%–57%) of all TCs within each basin occur during MTCEs. Comparison of the total monthly number of MTCEs and STCEs reveals significant correlations (0.79 ≤ R ≤ 0.90), while nonsignificant correlations exist between the annual number of MTCEs and STCEs. New TCs that form during MTCEs occur in the eastern main development region east of the STCE formation location in the NATL and EPAC, while new TC formation locations are spread evenly throughout the WPAC during both MTCEs and STCEs. The spatiotemporal separation between TCs during MTCEs is consistent among basins with median zonal distances between TCs of ~(1640–2010) km and median temporal separation between TC formation of 3.00–3.25 days. Composites of EPAC MTCEs suggest the existence of significantly stronger large-scale intraseasonal anomalies compared to STCEs, which may favor EPAC MTCE occurrence. Eastward zonal group velocities and the agreement of the zonal wavelength of TC-induced Rossby waves with the observed zonal distance between TCs suggests that Rossby wave radiation may contribute to a substantial fraction of MTCEs in all basins. These results suggest remarkable similarity in MTCE characteristics among basins, while potentially indicating that the large-scale environment is preconditioned for EPAC MTCE occurrence.
Multidecadal Change of the South Pacific Gyre Circulation
Authors: Roemmich Dean , Gilson John , Sutton Philip , Zilberman Nathalie 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMultidecadal trends in ocean heat and freshwater content are well documented, but much less evidence exists of long-term changes in ocean circulation. Previously, a 12-yr increase, 1993 to 2004, in the circulation of the South Pacific Subtropical Gyre interior was described. That analysis was based on differences between early Argo and 1990s hydrographic data and changes in sea surface height. Here, it is shown that the trend of increasing circulation continues through 2014, with some differences within the Argo decade (2005 to 2014). Patterns that indicate or are consistent with increasing equatorward transport in the eastern portion of the South Pacific Gyre are seen in Argo temperature and steric height, Argo trajectory velocity, altimetric sea surface height, sea surface temperature, sea level pressure, and wind stress. Between 2005 and 2014 the geostrophic circulation across 35°S, from 160°W to South America, was enhanced by 5 Sv (1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1) of added northward flow. This was countered by a southward transport anomaly between the date line and 160°W. Corresponding temperature trends span the full 2000-m depth range of Argo observations. The 22-yr trend, 1993 to 2014, in sea surface height at 35°S, 160°W is 8 cm decade−1. Trends in sea surface temperature over 34 yr, 1981 to 2014, show a similar spatial pattern to that of sea surface height, with an increase of 0.5°C decade−1 at 35°S, 160°W. These multidecadal trends support the interpretation of the 40°S maximum in global ocean heat gain as resulting from anomalous wind forcing and Ekman convergence.
Evaluation of WRF Model Forecasts and Their Use for Hydroclimate Monitoring over Southern South America
Authors: Müller Omar V. , Lovino Miguel A. , Berbery Ernesto H. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWeather forecasting and monitoring systems based on regional models are becoming increasingly relevant for decision support in agriculture and water management. This work evaluates the predictive and monitoring capabilities of a system based on WRF Model simulations at 15-km grid spacing over the La Plata basin (LPB) in southern South America, where agriculture and water resources are essential. The model’s skill up to a lead time of 7 days is evaluated with daily precipitation and 2-m temperature in situ observations for the 2-yr period from 1 August 2012 to 31 July 2014. Results show high prediction performance with 7-day lead time throughout the domain and particularly over LPB, where about 70% of rain and no-rain days are correctly predicted. Also, the probability of detection of rain days is above 80% in humid regions. Temperature observations and forecasts are highly correlated (r > 0.80) while mean absolute errors, even at the maximum lead time, remain below 2.7°C for minimum and mean temperatures and below 3.7°C for maximum temperatures. The usefulness of WRF products for hydroclimate monitoring was tested for an unprecedented drought in southern Brazil and for a slightly above normal precipitation season in northeastern Argentina. In both cases the model products reproduce the observed precipitation conditions with consistent impacts on soil moisture, evapotranspiration, and runoff. This evaluation validates the model’s usefulness for forecasting weather up to 1 week in advance and for monitoring climate conditions in real time. The scores suggest that the forecast lead time can be extended into a second week, while bias correction methods can reduce some of the systematic errors.
Frequency of dental caries in active and inactive systemic lupus erythematous patients: salivary and bacterial factors
Authors: Loyola Rodriguez J P , Galvan Torres L J , Martinez Martinez R E , Abud Mendoza C , Medina Solis C E , Ramos Coronel S , Garcia Cortes J O , Domínguez Pérez R A 
Published: April 2016

Objective The objective of this study was to determine dental caries frequency and to analyze salivary and bacterial factors associated with active and inactive systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) patients. Also, a proposal to identify dental caries by a surface, teeth, and the patient was developed. Material and methods A cross-sectional, blinded study that included 60 SLE patients divided into two groups of 30 subjects each, according to the Activity Index for Diagnosis of Systemic Lupus Erythematous (SLEDAI). The decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index and Integrative Dental Caries Index (IDCI) were used for analyzing dental caries. The saliva variables recorded were: flow, pH, and buffer capacity. The DNA copies of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus were estimated by real-time PCR. Results The caries frequency was 85% for SLE subjects (73.3% for inactive systemic lupus erythematous (ISLE) and 100% for active systemic lupus erythematous (ASLE)); DMFT for the SLE group was 12.6 ± 5.7 and the IDCI was (9.8 ± 5.9). The ASLE group showed a salivary flow of 0.65 compared with 0.97 ml/1 min from the ISLE group; all variables mentioned above showed a statistical difference ( p < 0.05). The salivary pH was 4.6 (6.06 for ISLE and 3.9 for ASLE). The DNA copies of S. mutans and S. sobrinus were high; all variables mentioned above show a significant statistical difference ( p < 0.05) between groups. Conclusion SLE patients had high DMFT and IDCI scores that were associated with a decrease in salivary flow, pH, and buffer capacity. There were high counts of S. sobrinus and S. mutans species, and IDCI is a useful tool to provide more detail about dental caries in epidemiological studies.
Predictors of Prolonged Hospital Stay in Status Migrainosus
Authors: Modi S. Y. , Dharaiya D. , Katramados A. M. , Mitsias P. 
Published: April 2016

Background: Patients with status migrainosus often need to be admitted due to the severity of their headaches. Their hospitalization is often prolonged due to poor headache control. Large sample studies looking into the factors associated with prolonged length of stay (pLOS) in status migrainosus are lacking. Methods: We utilized the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database to identify 4325 patients with primary discharge diagnosis of status migrainosus. Length of inpatient stay (LOS) of more than 6 days (90th percentile of LOS) was defined as pLOS. Patient demographics, hospital characteristics, mood disorders, anxiety disorder, and common medical comorbidities were identified. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with pLOS. Results: We found 402 patients with pLOS. Female gender, African American race, mood disorder, obesity, opioid abuse, congestive heart failure, and chronic renal failure were significant independent predictors of pLOS. Median inflation-adjusted cost of hospitalization was USD$3829 (interquartile range: 2419-5809). Conclusion: We were able to identify several factors associated with pLOS in status migrainosus. Most of the factors we found were similar to those known to increase the prevalence and severity of migraine in the general population. Knowledge of these factors may help physicians identify high-risk patients to institute early migraine abortive and prophylactic treatment in order to shorten the length of hospital stay.
Ethical and regulatory aspects of genome editing
Authors: Kohn Donald B. , Porteus Matthew H. , Scharenberg Andrew M. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Gene editing is a rapidly developing area of biotechnology in which the nucleotide sequence of the genome of living cells is precisely changed. The use of genome-editing technologies to modify various types of blood cells, including hematopoietic stem cells, has emerged as an important field of therapeutic development for hematopoietic disease. Although these technologies offer the potential for generation of transformative therapies for patients suffering from myriad disorders of hematopoiesis, their application for therapeutic modification of primary human cells is still in its infancy. Consequently, development of ethical and regulatory frameworks that ensure their safe and effective use is an increasingly important consideration. Here, we review a number of issues that have the potential to impact the clinical implementation of genome-editing technologies, and suggest paths forward for resolving them such that new therapies can be safely and rapidly translated to the clinic.
A genome editing primer for the hematologist
Authors: Hoban Megan D. , Bauer Daniel E. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Gene editing enables the site-specific modification of the genome. These technologies have rapidly advanced such that they have entered common use in experimental hematology to investigate genetic function. In addition, genome editing is becoming increasingly plausible as a treatment modality to rectify genetic blood disorders and improve cellular therapies. Genome modification typically ensues from site-specific double-strand breaks and may result in a myriad of outcomes. Even single-strand nicks and targeted biochemical modifications that do not permanently alter the DNA sequence (epigenome editing) may be powerful instruments. In this review, we examine the various technologies, describe their advantages and shortcomings for engendering useful genetic alterations, and consider future prospects for genome editing to impact hematology.
How I treat refractory immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Cuker Adam , Neunert Cindy E. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis article summarizes our approach to the management of children and adults with primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) who do not respond to, cannot tolerate, or are unwilling to undergo splenectomy. We begin with a critical reassessment of the diagnosis and a deliberate attempt to exclude nonautoimmune causes of thrombocytopenia and secondary ITP. For patients in whom the diagnosis is affirmed, we consider observation without treatment. Observation is appropriate for most asymptomatic patients with a platelet count of 20 to 30 × 109/L or higher. We use a tiered approach to treat patients who require therapy to increase the platelet count. Tier 1 options (rituximab, thrombopoietin receptor agonists, low-dose corticosteroids) have a relatively favorable therapeutic index. We exhaust all Tier 1 options before proceeding to Tier 2, which comprises a host of immunosuppressive agents with relatively lower response rates and/or greater toxicity. We often prescribe Tier 2 drugs not alone but in combination with a Tier 1 or a second Tier 2 drug with a different mechanism of action. We reserve Tier 3 strategies, which are of uncertain benefit and/or high toxicity with little supporting evidence, for the rare patient with serious bleeding who does not respond to Tier 1 and Tier 2 therapies.
Control of Aedes aegypti in a remote Guatemalan community vulnerable to dengue, chikungunya and Zika virus: Prospective evaluation of an integrated intervention of web-based health worker training in vector control, low-cost ecological ovillantas, and community engagement
Authors: Ulibarri Gerard , Betanzos Angel , Betanzos Mireya , Rojas Juan Jacobo 
Published: April 2016

Objective: To study the effectiveness of an integrated intervention of health worker training, a low-cost ecological mosquito ovitrap, and community engagement on Aedes spp. mosquito control over 10 months in 2015 in an urban remote community in Guatemala at risk of dengue, chikungunya and Zika virus transmission. Methods: We implemented a three-component integrated intervention consisting of: web-based training of local health personnel in vector control, cluster-randomized assignment of ecological ovillantas or standard ovitraps to capture Aedes aegypti mosquito eggs, and community engagement to promote participation of community members and health personnel in the understanding and maintenance of ovitraps for mosquito control. The intervention was implemented in local collaboration with the Ministry of Health’s Vector Control Programme, and in international collaboration with the National Institute of Public Health in Mexico. Findings: Eighty percent of the 25 local health personnel enrolled in the training programme received accreditation of their improved knowledge of vector control. Significantly more eggs were trapped by ecological ovillantas than standard ovitraps over the 10 month (42 week) study period (t=5.2577; p<0.05). Among both community members and health workers, the levels of knowledge, interest, and participation in community mosquito control and trapping increased. Recommendations for enhancing and sustaining community mosquito control were identified. Conclusion: Our three-component integrated intervention proved beneficial to this remote community at risk of mosquito-borne diseases such as dengue, chikungunya, and Zika. The combination of training of health workers, low-cost ecological ovillanta to destroy the second generation of mosquitoes, and community engagement ensured the project met local needs and fostered collaboration and participation of the community, which can help improve sustainability. The ovillanta intervention and methodology may be modified to target other species such as Culex, should it be established that such mosquitoes carry Zika virus in addition to Aedes.
PUBLIC AND PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP IN MANAGEMENT OF INSTITUTIONAL REFORMS
Authors: Мамонтова  , Mamontova Yuliya , Морозова  , Morozova Anastasiya 
Published: April 2016

The article determines the role of public and private partnerships in conditions of institutional reforms of modern Russia. The analysis of specific characteristics, the most important features, concepts and basic directions of realization of PPP projects allows to declare the effectiveness of this management institution.
The authors demonstrated that a condition for the effectiveness of public-private partnership projects is the focus on the satisfaction of social needs on the basis of the connection of experience and resources of all entities of the PPP project, the implementation of cost-effective and socially significant risk project provided that the economic operators of high quality services. The authors proved that state intervention is aimed at reducing market failures related to the monopolization, lack of profitability of some significant activities, structural imbalances, etc. Developed backward and forward linkages are a prerequisite for identifying social needs and the degree of their satisfaction.
TO THE QUESTION OF AUTONOMY OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN MODERN RUSSIA
Authors: Модникова  , Modnikova Tatyana 
Published: April 2016

The article investigates the autonomy of local governments in addressing to issues of local importance in the modern science of constitutional and municipal law. The author shows the different approaches to this issue, analyzing the role of public authorities and their powers.
The author substantiates the Russian Federation as a sovereign state which has the right to provide adequate measures of responsibility of local authorities and elected officials of local self-government.
Factors of affecting students' career values: The example of faculty of sports science<p>Öğrencilerin kariyer değerlerini etkileyen faktörler: Spor bilimleri fakültesi örneği
Authors: Pala Adem 
Published: April 2016

Purpose of this study was to investigation of factors of affecting students’ values faculty of sports science. The survey population was consisted of Sports Science Faculty students. The sample constituted a total of 400 students from Marmara University, Istanbul University, Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University and Tokat Gazi Osman Pasa University (220 male and 180 female) third grade students and fourth grade students in 2015-2016 academic year. The survey “Career Anchor Scale” constituted by Eyuboglu (2006) was used as a data collection tool. Frequency and percentage of the data were calculated, independent t test, one-way ANOVA test and Tukey test was used for data analysis on SPSS 20.0 (Statistical package for social sciences) package program.Findings; Participatied students whose 220 male and 180 female and mean of age was 20,9. Consequently, significant differences were found between genders in terms of Career Anchor “career satisfaction”, “safety/steady” and “ self-commitment” sub dimension (p<0.05).Significant differences were found between university variable in terms of Career Anchor “safety/steady” “pure defiance”, “life-style”, and “entrepreneurship/creativity” sub dimension (p<0.05). ÖzetBu çalışma spor bilimleri fakültesi öğrencilerinin kariyer değer algılarının tespit etmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın everenini Türkiye’deki Spor Bilimleri Fakültelerinde 2015-2016 eğitim-öğretim yılında 3. ve 4. sınıflarda okuyan öğrenciler oluşturmaktadır. Örneklem grubunu ise Marmara Üniversitesi, İstanbul Üniversitesi, Tokat Gazi Osman Paşa Üniversitesi ve Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültelerinde okuyan 400 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Örneklem grubunun görüşlerini tespit etmek amacıyla Eyüboğlu (2006) tarafından geliştirilen “Kariyer Değerleri Ölçeği” veri toplama aracı olarak kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler SPSS 20.0 istatistik programında analiz edilerek soruların yüzde ve frekans değerleri, t-testi, tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA), Tukey çoklu karşılaştırma testleri kullanılmıştır. Bulgular; Çalışmaya katılan öğrencilerin yaş ortalaması 20,9’ dur. Katılımcıların 220’si erkek 180’i ise kadınlardan oluşmaktadır. Araştırma sonucunda (p<0.05). Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi öğrencilerinin cinsiyetlerine göre, “Kariyer Memnuniyeti”, “Güvenlik/İstikrar”, “Kendini Adama” alt boyutları için istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Öğrencilerinin okudukları üniversite değişkenine göre “Özerklik/Bağımsızlık”, “Saf Meydan Okuma”, “Hayat Tarzı” ve “Girişimcilik/ Yaratıcılık” alt boyutlarında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmuştur (p<0.05).