bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constraining Magnetization of Gamma-Ray Bursts Outflows Using Prompt Emission Fluence
Authors: Pe’er Asaf 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Considered here is the acceleration and heating of relativistic outflow by local magnetic energy dissipation process in Poynting-flux dominated outflow. Adopting the standard assumption that the reconnection rate scales with the Alfvén speed, I show here that the fraction of energy dissipated as thermal photons cannot exceed

(for adiabatic index

) of the kinetic energy at the photosphere. Even in the most radiatively efficient scenario, the energy released as non-thermal photons during the prompt phase is at most equal to the kinetic energy of the outflow. These results imply that calorimetry of the kinetic energy that can be done during the afterglow phase could be used to constrain the magnetization of gamma-ray bursts (GRB) outflows. I discuss the recent observational status and its implications on constraining the magnetization in GRB outflows.
Modeling Synthetic Spectra for Transiting Extrasolar Giant Planets: Detectability of H2S and PH3 with the James Webb Space Telescope
Authors: Wang Dong , Miguel Yamila , Lunine Jonathan 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)’s large aperture and wide wavelength coverage will enable it to collect the highest-quality transit spectra observed so far. For exoplanetary atmospheres we expect to retrieve the abundance of the most abundant molecules, such as H2O, CO, and CH4. Other molecules, such as H2S and PH3, have been observed in Jupiter and Saturn but their chemistry and detectability in strongly irradiated planets are largely unknown. In this paper, we make the first effort to study their spectral features in solar composition atmospheres, and evaluate their detectability with the JWST. We model the chemistry of phosphorus and sulfur in solar composition atmospheres. Our model includes the effect of vertical transport. Photochemistry effects are not included in our calculations. Using the abundance profiles, we model the JWST transmission and emission spectra for a K = 6.8 G-type star and for planets with cloud-free solar composition atmospheres. We find PH3 is detectable at 3σ from transmission spectra of the simulated atmosphere with

K using the NIRCam LW grism F444W mode with a total observing time of 28.8 hr. H2S is detectable at 3σ in the transmission and emission spectra for the simulated planet with

K using the NIRCam LW grism F322W2 mode with a total observing time of 24.0 hr. Our results specifically highlight the importance of including H2S for future abundance retrieval with the JWST. The presence of clouds and hazes challenges the detections of PH3 and H2S, but H2S features are still expected to be present in the emission spectra.
Brucella abortus Triggers a cGAS-Independent STING Pathway To Induce Host Protection That Involves Guanylate-Binding Proteins and Inflammasome Activation
Authors: Costa Franco Miriam M. , Marim Fernanda , Guimarães Erika S. , Assis Natan R. G. , Cerqueira Daiane M. , Alves-Silva Juliana , Harms Jerome , Splitter Gary , Smith Judith , Kanneganti Thirumala-Devi , de Queiroz Nina M. G. P. , Gutman Delia , Barber Glen N. , Oliveira Sergio C. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Immunity against microbes depends on recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns by innate receptors. Signaling pathways triggered by Brucella abortus DNA involves TLR9, AIM2, and stimulator of IFN genes (STING). In this study, we observed by microarray analysis that several type I IFN–associated genes, such as IFN-β and guanylate-binding proteins (GBPs), are downregulated in STING knockout (KO) macrophages infected with Brucella or transfected with DNA. Additionally, we determined that STING and cyclic GMP–AMP synthase (cGAS) are important to engage the type I IFN pathway, but only STING is required to induce IL-1β secretion, caspase-1 activation, and GBP2 and GBP3 expression. Furthermore, we determined that STING but not cGAS is critical for host protection against Brucella infection in macrophages and in vivo. This study provides evidence of a cGAS-independent mechanism of STING-mediated protection against an intracellular bacterial infection. Additionally, infected IFN regulatory factor-1 and IFNAR KO macrophages had reduced GBP2 and GBP3 expression and these cells were more permissive to Brucella replication compared with wild-type control macrophages. Because GBPs are critical to target vacuolar bacteria, we determined whether GBP2 and GBPchr3 affect Brucella control in vivo. GBPchr3 but not GBP2 KO mice were more susceptible to bacterial infection, and small interfering RNA treated–macrophages showed reduction in IL-1β secretion and caspase-1 activation. Finally, we also demonstrated that Brucella DNA colocalizes with AIM2, and AIM2 KO mice are less resistant to B. abortus infection. In conclusion, these findings suggest that the STING-dependent type I IFN pathway is critical for the GBP-mediated release of Brucella DNA into the cytosol and subsequent activation of AIM2.
Time-Restricted Feeding Alters the Innate Immune Response to Bacterial Endotoxin
Authors: Cissé Yasmine M. , Borniger Jeremy C. , Lemanski Elise , Walker William H. , Nelson Randy J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
An important entraining signal for the endogenous circadian clock, independent of light, is food intake. The circadian and immune systems are linked; forced desynchrony of the circadian clock via nighttime light exposure or genetic ablation of core clock components impairs immune function. The timing of food intake affects various aspects of the circadian clock, but its effects on immune function are unknown. We tested the hypothesis that temporal desynchrony of food intake alters innate immune responses. Adult male Swiss Webster mice were provided with food during the night, the day, or ad libitum for 4 wk, followed by administration of LPS prior to the onset of either the active phase (zeitgeber time [ZT]12: Experiment 1) or the inactive phase (ZT0: Experiment 2). Three hours after LPS administration, blood was collected, and serum was tested for bacteria-killing capacity against Escherichia coli, as a functional assay of immune function. Additionally, cytokine expression was examined in the serum (protein), spleen, and hypothalamus (mRNA). Day-fed mice suppressed bacteria-killing capacity and serum cytokine responses to LPS during the active phase (ZT12). Night-fed mice increased bactericidal capacity, as well as serum and hypothalamic mRNA responses of certain proinflammatory cytokines during the active phase. Only day-fed mice enhanced serum cytokine responses when LPS challenge occurred during the inactive phase (ZT0); this did not result in enhanced bactericidal capacity. These data suggest that mistimed feeding has functional relevance for immune function and provide further evidence for the integration of the circadian, metabolic, and immune systems.
Square-free Values of Decomposable Forms
Authors: Yao Xiao Stanley 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn this paper we prove that decomposable forms, or homogeneous polynomials F(x1, . . . , xn) with integer coefficients that split completely into linear factors over , take on infinitely many square-free values subject to simple necessary conditions, and they have deg f ≤ 2n + 2 for all irreducible factors f of F. This work generalizes a theorem of Greaves.
Dimers on rail yard graphs
Authors: Boutillier Cédric , Bouttier Jérémie , Chapuy Guillaume , Corteel Sylvie , Ramassamy Sanjay 
Published: December 2017

We introduce a general model of dimer coverings of certain plane bipartite graphs, which we call rail yard graphs (RYG). The transfer matrices used to compute the partition function are shown to be isomorphic to certain operators arising in the so-called boson–fermion correspondence. This allows to reformulate the RYG dimer model as a Schur process, i.e. as a random sequence of integer partitions subject to some interlacing conditions.
Beyond the computation of the partition function, we provide an explicit expression for all correlation functions or, equivalently, for the inverse Kasteleyn matrix of the RYG dimer model. This expression, which is amenable to asymptotic analysis, follows from an exact combinatorial description of the operators localizing dimers in the transfer-matrix formalism, and then a suitable application of Wick’s theorem.
Plane partitions, domino tilings of the Aztec diamond, pyramid partitions, and steep tilings arise as particular cases of the RYG dimermodel. For the Aztec diamond, we provide new derivations of the edge-probability generating function, of the biased creation rate, of the inverse Kasteleyn matrix and of the arctic circle theorem.
Los Centros Socioculturales de Distrito en Madrid. Un análisis estratégico para la participación comuntiaria
Authors: Palacios González Daniel 
Published: December 2017

<p class="western" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; line-height: 100%;">El presente artículo presenta una selección de resultados de un análisis estratégico de los Centros Culturales y Socioculturales de Distrito del Ayuntamiento de Madrid. El mismo ha sido realizado con vistas a reconocer los problemas en cuanto a la ausencia de participación comunitaria. El análisis incluye una definición general de los centros, su posicionamiento, ciclo de vida y diagnóstico según categorías. Se concluido con unas recomendaciones para la contribución al debate sobre la participación. </p>
Critical Analysis of the Current Assisted Reproductive Technology Guidelines
Authors: Mittal Manishi , Jyothishmathi Sharma P 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTAimTo present an overview of the current Artificial Reproductive Techniques (ART) guidelines focussing on grey zonesIntroductionInfertility is a major health and social concern in modern day India. Due to the great diversity in management protocols and absence of standard operating procedures, there is a necessity to develop country-specific guidelines for assisted reproduction. Also, there is need to curb unethical practices. Guidelines in this regard have undergone several changes over the years. It is important that adequate care is taken before the bill becomes a law so that both patients and health workers mutually benefit from ARTOverviewThe present article gives an insight into the development of guidelines over the years with elaboration of the salient features of the current ART Bill under specific chapter headings, ten chapters in total. Also discussed is the recent Surrogacy Bill. In each context, critical analysis is provided that underscores the grey areas that need to be addressed. At the end of the article, certain recommendations have been put forward to aid the successful implementation of current guidelinesClinical significanceIt is imperative that all ART practitioners be well versed with the current ART guidelines as ignorance cannot be cited as an excuse under any circumstance. Also, practitioners can give valuable inputs before the bill finally becomes a law. The law must ensure that physicians are not unnecessarily persecuted in the name of patient rights, as this will lead to fearful practice, which in turn will hamper patient management.How to cite this articleSharma PJ, Mittal M. Critical Analysis of the Current Assisted Reproductive Technology Guidelines. Int J Infertil Fetal Med 2017;8(3):113-119.
Redesigning the Peer Audit Process to Enhance Clinical Dialogue
Authors: Orest Marianne R. , Eyler Steven 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis case report describes the process used to engage clinicians in redesigning the peer audit system and the outcome of this effort at the Rehabilitation Therapies department of the University of Vermont Medical Center in Burlington. A wide variety of peer audit processes, tools, and requirements have been used across disciplines and clinical sites. Rehabilitation therapy staff participated in a group project using a project charter to design the new approach to the peer audit. A single peer audit tool and unified audit process were developed for use across therapy disciplines and care settings. A survey was used to collect pre- and postrevision data. Responses to all survey questions indicated favorable change. Broad engagement of clinical staff in the redesign resulted in a peer audit process that was completed more consistently and was more likely to be perceived as resulting in meaningful discussion, encouraging critical thinking, and improving clinical skills.
Effectiveness of Cognitive and Occupation-Based Interventions for Children With Challenges in Sensory Processing and Integration: A Systematic Review
Authors: Pfeiffer Beth , Clark Gloria Frolek , Arbesman Marian 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This systematic review examines the evidence for the effectiveness of cognitive and occupation-based interventions to improve self-regulation in children and youth who have challenges in processing and integrating sensory information. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guided the methodology. Five studies identified through a comprehensive database search met the inclusion criteria and were separated into categories of cognitive and occupation-based interventions. Articles that did not specifically measure sensory integration (SI) or processing challenges were omitted. Synthesis of the articles suggests that self-regulation (e.g., sensory processing, emotional regulation, executive functioning, social function) improved with cognitive and occupation-based interventions. Because the number of studies that measured sensory processing or SI challenges was limited, researchers are encouraged to include these measures in future research to understand the impact of a broader range of cognitive and occupation-based interventions.
Impact of uncertainties in inorganic chemical rate constants on tropospheric composition and ozone radiative forcing
Authors: Newsome Ben , Evans Mat 
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Chemical rate constants determine the composition of the atmosphere and how this composition has changed over time. They are central to our understanding of climate change and air quality degradation. Atmospheric chemistry models, whether online or offline, box, regional or global, use these rate constants. Expert panels evaluate laboratory measurements, making recommendations for the rate constants that should be used. This results in very similar or identical rate constants being used by all models. The inherent uncertainties in these recommendations are, in general, therefore ignored. We explore the impact of these uncertainties on the composition of the troposphere using the GEOS-Chem chemistry transport model. Based on the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) evaluations we assess the influence of 50 mainly inorganic rate constants and 10 photolysis rates on tropospheric composition through the use of the GEOS-Chem chemistry transport model. We assess the impact on four standard metrics: annual mean tropospheric ozone burden, surface ozone and tropospheric OH concentrations, and tropospheric methane lifetime. Uncertainty in the rate constants for NO2 + OH →M  HNO3 and O3 + NO  →  NO2 + O2 are the two largest sources of uncertainty in these metrics. The absolute magnitude of the change in the metrics is similar if rate constants are increased or decreased by their σ values. We investigate two methods of assessing these uncertainties, addition in quadrature and a Monte Carlo approach, and conclude they give similar outcomes. Combining the uncertainties across the 60 reactions gives overall uncertainties on the annual mean tropospheric ozone burden, surface ozone and tropospheric OH concentrations, and tropospheric methane lifetime of 10, 11, 16 and 16 %, respectively. These are larger than the spread between models in recent model intercomparisons. Remote regions such as the tropics, poles and upper troposphere are most uncertain. This chemical uncertainty is sufficiently large to suggest that rate constant uncertainty should be considered alongside other processes when model results disagree with measurement. Calculations for the pre-industrial simulation allow a tropospheric ozone radiative forcing to be calculated of 0.412 ± 0.062 W m−2. This uncertainty (13 %) is comparable to the inter-model spread in ozone radiative forcing found in previous model–model intercomparison studies where the rate constants used in the models are all identical or very similar. Thus, the uncertainty of tropospheric ozone radiative forcing should expanded to include this additional source of uncertainty. These rate constant uncertainties are significant and suggest that refinement of supposedly well-known chemical rate constants should be considered alongside other improvements to enhance our understanding of atmospheric processes.
Effects of carbon turnover time on terrestrial ecosystem carbon storage
Authors: Yan Yaner , Zhou Xuhui , Jiang Lifeng , Luo Yiqi 
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Carbon (C) turnover time is a key factor in determining C storage capacity in various plant and soil pools as well as terrestrial C sink in a changing climate. However, the effects of C turnover time on ecosystem C storage have not been well explored. In this study, we compared mean C turnover times (MTTs) of ecosystem and soil, examined their variability to climate, and then quantified the spatial variation in ecosystem C storage over time from changes in C turnover time and/or net primary production (NPP). Our results showed that mean ecosystem MTT based on gross primary production (GPP; MTTEC_GPP =  Cpool/GPP, 25.0 ± 2.7 years) was shorter than soil MTT (MTTsoil =  Csoil/NPP, 35.5 ± 1.2 years) and NPP-based ecosystem MTT (MTTEC_NPP =  Cpool/NPP, 50.8 ± 3 years; Cpool and Csoil referred to ecosystem or soil C storage, respectively). On the biome scale, temperature is the best predictor for MTTEC (R2 =  0.77, p < 0.001) and MTTsoil (R2 =  0.68, p < 0.001), while the inclusion of precipitation in the model did not improve the performance of MTTEC (R2 =  0.76, p < 0.001). Ecosystem MTT decreased by approximately 4 years from 1901 to 2011 when only temperature was considered, resulting in a large C release from terrestrial ecosystems. The resultant terrestrial C release caused by the decrease in MTT only accounted for about 13.5 % of that due to the change in NPP uptake (159.3 ± 1.45 vs. 1215.4 ± 11.0 Pg C). However, the larger uncertainties in the spatial variation of MTT than temporal changes could lead to a greater impact on ecosystem C storage, which deserves further study in the future.
Hunting the Stag in Harry Potter's Games
Authors: Seymour Jessica 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis paper uses Game Theory as a theoretical framework to analyse the war strategies of Albus Dumbledore and Harry Potter during the Harry Potter series (Rowling 1997–2007). Over the course of the series, Dumbledore's Prisoner's Dilemma creates a zero-sum Game that relies on the ignorance of the people his Game is built around; namely, Harry Potter. Harry's knowledge of himself is deliberately limited by Dumbledore, which establishes Harry as the embodiment of Dumbledore's equilibria rather than as an active player with agency. Harry Potter reclaims his agency and personhood after his death and subsequent return to life, and he does this by adopting a Stag Hunt Game strategy, which empowers both himself and his opponent, Lord Voldemort. This paper argues that the Harry Potter series constructs the limitation of agency and the ignorance of young characters negatively, regardless of the potential good it could serve society. By contrast, Harry Potter's cooperative Game strategy is empowering both to society and to other people because it provides them with the means to make informed decisions and exercise productive agency.
Hacia un modelo de aglomeración y desaglomeración del espacio regional urbano, Kugman revisitado
Authors: Roca Cladera Josep , Marmolejo Duarte Carlos Ramiro 
Published: December 2017

El objeto del presente trabajo se dirige a indagar acerca de los efectos en el
espacio regional-urbano de las economías de aglomeración y desaglomeración que han
conducido, primero, a la emergencia a lo largo del siglo XIX y primera mitad del XX de las
metrópolis de urbanización concentrada, así como, después, ya avanzado el siglo XX, a lo que
ha venido a denominarse “contraurbanización”, “desurbanización” o “ciudad difusa”. A tal fin se
pone en discusión el modelo autoorganizativo propuesto por Krugman (1996) para la
explicación del fenómeno de las “edge cities” así como se dibuja un ensayo complementario
con la intención de explicar el doble fenómeno concentrador-dispersor que actualmente
caracteriza las áreas metropolitanas del mundo desarrollado. El trabajo concluye con un
ejercicio de aplicación empírica del modelo desarrollado a una realidad concreta: el territorio
metropolitano de Barcelona.
The object of this paper is directed towards investigating the effects of the
economies of agglomeration and disagglomeration in the regional-urban space that led firstly to
the emergence, throughout the 19th Century and first half of the 20th Century, of the
metropolises of concentrated urbanisation, as well as later, in more advanced stages of the 20th
Century, to what has come to be called “contraurbanisation”, “desurbanisation” or the “diffuse
city”. With this end in mind, the self-organizing model proposed by Krugman (1996) is
discussed, in order to explain the phenomenon of the “edge cities”, as well as setting out a
complementary essay, with the intention of explaining the two-fold phenomenon concentrationdispersion
that currently characterises the metropolitan areas of the developed world The
paper concludes with an empirical exercise through the application of the model developed to
the specific concrete reality of the metropolitan territory of Barcelona.
Avances del modelo de urbanismo colombiano: una mirada retrospectiva al análisis de su estructura planeado por Javier García Bellido en 1997
Authors: Pinto Carrillo Augusto César 
Published: December 2017

Con la oportunidad que brinda la Revista ACE a través de la presente publicación de realizar un balance sobre el proceso de implementación en Colombia de la Ley 388 de 1997, o Ley de Desarrollo Territorial – LDT, y consecuentemente de la aplicación de instrumentos de planeamiento urbanístico general y derivado, el presente artículo revive en parte la crítica y recomendaciones que realizara el Arquitecto Javier García-Bellido en su artículo “Perspectivas del nuevo urbanismo colombiano: un análisis de su estructura”, publicado en la Revista Desarrollo Urbano en Cifras del Ministerio de Desarrollo Económico (1998). Metodológicamente, se realizó una lectura pormenorizada al artículo, seleccionando principalmente los temas, críticas y recomendaciones que se planteaban con el fin de alimentar la reflexión nacional sobre la aplicación de la LDT; desarrollándose a continuación comentarios sobre su incorporación y avance en la implementación de la Ley y de sus instrumentos.
With the opportunity provided by the ACE magazine through this publication to
conduct an assessment of the implementation process in Colombia of Act 388 of 1997, or
Territorial Development Act - LDT, and consequently the implementation of urban planning tools
general and derivative, this article partly revives criticism and recommendations conducted by
architect Javier Garcia-Bellido in his article "Prospects for the new urbanism Colombia: an
analysis of its structure," published in the magazine Urban Development in the Ministry of
Figures Economic Development (1998). Methodologically, a detailed reading the article, mainly
by selecting the topics, criticisms and recommendations that arose in order to stir the national
debate on the implementation of the LDT; continued to develop its incorporation and comments
on progress in implementing the Law and its instruments.