bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solubilization of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Single and Binary Mixed Rhamnolipid–Sophorolipid Biosurfactants
Authors: Song Dandan , Liang Shengkang , Yan Lele , Shang Yujun , Wang Xiuli 
Published: April 2016

Biosurfactants are promising additives for surfactant enhanced remediation (SER) technologies due to their low toxicity and high biodegradability. To develop green and efficient additives for SER, the aqueous solubility enhancements of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs; naphthalene, phenanthrene, and pyrene) by rhamnolipid (RL) and sophorolipid (SL) biosurfactants were investigated in single and binary mixed systems. The solubilization capacities were quantified in terms of the solubility enhancement factor, molar solubilization ratio (MSR), and micelle‐water partition coefficient (Km). Rughbin's model was applied to evaluate the interaction parameters (β) in the mixed RL–SL micelles. The solubility of the PAHs increased linearly with the glycolipid concentration above the critical micelle concentration (CMC) in both single and mixed systems. Binary RL–SL mixtures exhibited greater solubilization than individual glycolipids. At a SL molar fraction of 0.7 to 0.8, the solubilization capacity was the greatest, and the MSR and Km reached their maximum values, and β values became positive. These results suggest that the two biosurfactants act synergistically to increase the solubility of the PAHs. The solubilization capacity of the RL–SL mixtures increased with increasing temperature and decreased with increasing salinity. The aqueous solubility of phenanthrene reached a maximum value at pH of 5.5. Moreover, the mixed RL–SL systems exhibited a strong ability to solubilize PAHs, even in the presence of heavy metal ions. These mixed biosurfactant systems have the potential to improve the performance of SER technologies using biosurfactants to solubilize hydrophobic organic contaminants by decreasing the applied biosurfactant concentration, which reduces the costs of remediation.Core Ideas
Micellization behaviors of rhamnolipid–sophorolipid systems (RL–SL) were investigated.
Mixed RL–SL systems generally enhanced the water solubility of PAHs.
Mixed biosurfactant systems might be used for surfactant‐enhanced PAH remediation.
Aeration‐Induced Changes in Temperature and Nitrogen Dynamics in a Dimictic Lake
Authors: Holmroos Heidi , Horppila Jukka , Laakso Sanna , Niemistö Juha , Hietanen Susanna 
Published: April 2016

Low levels of oxygen (O2) in the hypolimnion layer of lakes are harmful to benthic animals and fish; they may also adversely affect nutrient cycles. Artificial aeration is often used in lake management to counteract these problems, but the effects of aeration on nitrogen (N) cycling are not known. We studied the effects of hypolimnetic aeration on N dynamics and temperature in a eutrophic lake by comparing continuous and pulsed aeration with a nonaerated station. Aeration decreased the accumulation of NH4+–N deep in the lake (20–33 m) by supplying O2 for nitrification, which in turn provided substrate for denitrification and promoted N removal. Aeration also increased the temperature in the hypolimnion. Denitrification rate was highest in the nonaerated deep areas (average, 7.62 mg N m−2 d−1) due to very high rates during spring turnover of the water column, demonstrating that natural turnover provides O2 for nitrification. During stratification, denitrification was highest at the continuously aerated station (4.06 mg N m−2 d−1) and lowest at the nonaerated station (3.02 mg N m−2 d−1). At the periodically aerated station, aeration pauses did not restrict the increase in temperature but resulted in accumulation of NH4+–N and decreased the contribution of denitrification as a nitrate reduction process. Our findings demonstrate that hypolimnetic aeration can substantially affect N cycling in lakes and that the effect depends on the aeration strategy. Because N is one of the main nutrients controlling eutrophication, the effects of aeration methods on N removal should be considered as part of strategies to manage water quality in lakes.Core Ideas
Continuous hypolimnetic aeration prevented NH4+ accumulation in a lake at 20–33 m depth.
Continuous aeration promoted denitrification by enabling nitrification.
Periodical aeration did not restrict temperature changes, but NH4+ was accumulated.
Denitrification rate decreased during aeration pauses.
Benthic N removal in a lake can be enhanced via hypolimnetic aeration.
Effect of a Biological Additive on Nitrogen Losses from Pig Slurry during Storage
Authors: Provolo Giorgio , Finzi Alberto , Perazzolo Francesca , Mattachini Gabriele , Riva Elisabetta 
Published: April 2016

Additives applied to animal manure slurries can affect the chemical composition and the biological processes of slurries during storage, with possible improvement of their management and reduction of environmental problems. Some new formulations are marketed claiming a nitrogen (N) removal effect due to denitrification, with the consequence of a reduced N content in the manure after storage. This study evaluated the effects of one of these commercial additives (BACTYcomplex) on slurry characteristics and N losses at a commercial piggery. The additive was applied to four different sectors of the piggery, each with an independent under‐floor slurry pit; four other sectors served as controls without treatment. Pits were emptied every 4 wk, and the manure was analyzed for total and ammonia‐N and total and volatile solids. Slurry samples from the last month of the on‐farm assessment were removed and stored thermostatically in vessels external to the piggery. A subsample of slurry that was treated with the additive at the piggery was treated with an additional dose of additive at the beginning of long‐term storage. The additive did not change the composition of the slurry during in‐house storage (4 wk duration). During the 155 d of external thermostatic storage, the total solids content of treated slurry was reduced by 18% compared with control slurry, but the N content and composition of treated slurry was unaffected. The additive had a positive effect in accelerating the stabilization of the slurry but did not modify N losses.Core Ideas
A new biological additive with denitrification enhancement capability was tested.
The additive increased the total solids reduction during 6 mo storage of the slurry.
The total and ammonia‐N losses were not affected by the additive.
The additive promoted stabilization of slurry but did not reduce N content.
Analisis Kesalahan Penggunaan Hyoogen “temo ii” Dalam Bahasa Jepang Pada Mahasiswa Upi Bandung
Authors: Juangsih Juju , Aneros Noviyanti 
Published: April 2016

This research will study the use of “temo ii” of 31 students seventh semester in UPI. This study uses analysis descriptive method by collecting data from students to take 20 questions. It can be concluded that the understanding of the use of “temo ii” of students show good scores about 53,39 % at average. There are three students who get 14 points (70%) which is the highest score. On the otherhand there is one student who gets 5 points (25%) which is the lowest score. Although the result shows they are above average, but some students still missuse the word “temo ii”. Moreover, they think the word “boleh” in Indonesia can be replaced by “temo ii”. However, the word “boleh” can not usualy be defined by “temo ii”.
The Dynamic Identity: Analysis Of Gender Identity In Breakfast On Pluto By Patrick Mccabe
Authors: Ayuningtyas Paramita 
Published: April 2016

Article focused on gender identity in Breakfast on Pluto by Patrick McCabe. By using Stuart Hall’s concept of identity, the analysis showed that gender identity had the potential to be deconstructed, as shown by the identity transformation done by Patrick Braden. Positioning by other people and his own body happened to be barriers for his identity transformation. However, those barriers basically could not stop Patrick’s transformation to be a woman. Patrick had its own strategies in changing his gender identity, which were gender deconstruction, body decoration, and language. It can be concluded that Breakfast on Pluto offers a discourse of identity that is dynamic. Identity is a becoming process that will happen endlessly in human’s life.
The Condition Of Mandarin Language Learning In Indonesia
Authors: Shenglin Zhang , Ying Yi 
Published: April 2016

The condition of Mandarin language learning in Indonesia was still a main issue for Mandarin lecturers and researchers in China and Indonesia. To find out the clear condition, a research having a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods was done, in which questionairs were distributed and interviews with Mandarin students, lecturers, and experts were conducted. Respondents were selected by random sampling. After data analysis, a conclusion which indicates a general condition and some problems in the process of teaching and learning Mandarin, as well as the use of learning materials can be presented. The research results show that at present, the Mandarin learners are still dominated by the descendants of Tionghoa, even though learners coming from non-Tionghoa’s descendants are getting increase; learners’ motivation in studying Mandarin is closely related with the self-identity as Tionghoa’s descendants and the job’s demands; Mandarin language still belongs to the second language in Indonesia and has not able to replace the domination of English; the insufficiency of lecturers and learning materials in the past have significantly provided, but this condition has not solved the problems, especially which concerns to the improvement of the quality of learners and local learning materials.
A Comparation Of Chinese And Indonesian Time Adverbs
Authors: Ying Yi 
Published: April 2016

Chinese time adverbs describe status of behavior, modal frequency, or that the behavior has occurred, occurred in the past, present or future. When describe a time, it usually emphasizes the meaning. Indonesian time adverbs describe an event or action occurred at a time. It indicates the status of behavior, modal or indicates whether the conduct has occurred, has not happened, will happen, repeat and describe the act or thing is not yet completed. This study attempts to shed light on why students incline to make mistake in using Chinese time adverbs. Furthermore, students face difficulty in differentiating between Chinese and Indonesian time adverbs. Chinese Indonesia have the similar meaning of time adverb, such as: gang, yijing, cengjing, zhengzai, jiang, hai, mashang but function in a sentence not exactly same.
Do transmitters affect survival and body condition of American beavers Castor canadensis?
Authors: Smith Joshua B. , Windels Steve K. , Wolf Tiffany , Klaver Robert W. , Belant Jerrold L. 
Published: April 2016

One key assumption often inferred with using radio‐equipped individuals is that the transmitter has no effect on the metric of interest. To evaluate this assumption, we used a known fate model to assess the effect of transmitter type (i.e. tail‐mounted or peritoneal implant) on short‐term (one year) survival and a joint live—dead recovery model and results from a mark—recapture study to compare long‐term (eight years) survival and body condition of ear‐tagged only American beavers Castor canadensis to those equipped with radio transmitters in Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota, USA. Short‐term (1‐year) survival was not influenced by transmitter type (wi = 0.64). Over the 8‐year study period, annual survival was similar between transmitter‐equipped beavers (tail‐mounted and implant transmitters combined; 0.76; 95% CI = 0.45–0.91) versus ear‐tagged only (0.78; 95% CI = 0.45–0.93). Additionally, we found no difference in weight gain (t9 = 0.25, p = 0.80) or tail area (t11 = 1.25, p = 0.24) from spring to summer between the two groups. In contrast, winter weight loss (t22 = ‐ 2.03, p = 0.05) and tail area decrease (t30 = ‐ 3.04, p = 0.01) was greater for transmitterequipped (weight = ‐ 3.09 kg, SE = 0.55; tail area = ‐ 33.71 cm2, SE = 4.80) than ear‐tagged only (weight = ‐ 1.80 kg, SE = 0.33; tail area = ‐ 12.38 cm2, SE = 5.13) beavers. Our results generally support the continued use of transmitters on beavers for estimating demographic parameters, although we recommend additional assessments of transmitter effects under different environmental conditions.
Pediatric epilepsy surgery: could age be a predictor of outcomes?
Authors: Jenny Benoit , Smoll Nicolas , El Hassani Yassine , Momjian Shahan , Pollo Claudio , Korff Christian M. , Seeck Margitta , Schaller Karl 
Published: April 2016

OBJECTIVE
Like adults, many children suffering from intractable seizures benefit from surgical therapy. Although various reports indicate that early intervention may avoid severe developmental consequences often associated with intractable epilepsy, surgery is still considered a last option for many children. In this retrospective study, the authors aimed to determine whether pediatric epilepsy surgery, in particular during the first years of life, relates to measurable benefits.

METHODS
Data from 78 patients (age range 5 months to 17 years) who underwent epilepsy surgery at the Geneva and Lausanne University Hospitals between 1997 and 2012 were reviewed retrospectively. Patients were dichotomized into 2 groups: infants (≤ 3 years of age, n = 19), and children/adolescents (4–17 years of age, n = 59). Compared with children/adolescents, infants more often had a diagnosis of dysplasia (37% vs 10%, respectively; p < 0.05, chi-square test).

RESULTS
The overall seizure-free rate was 76.9%, with 89.5% in infants and 72.9% in the children/adolescents group. Infants were 2.76 times as likely to achieve seizure-free status as children/adolescents. Postoperative antiepileptic medication was reduced in 67.9% of patients. Only 11.4% of the patients were taking more than 2 antiepileptic drugs after surgery, compared with 43% before surgery (p < 0.0001). The overall complication rate was 15.1% (6.4% transient hemiparesis), and no major complications or deaths occurred.

CONCLUSIONS
The data show a high seizure-free rate in children ≤ 3 years of age, despite a higher occurrence of dysplastic, potentially ill-defined lesions. Pediatric patients undergoing epilepsy surgery can expect a significant reduction in their need for medication. Given the excellent results in the infant group, prospective studies are warranted to determine whether age ≤ 3 years is a predictor for excellent surgical outcome.
miRNA expression profiling of cerebrospinal fluid in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Stylli Stanley S. , Adamides Alexios A. , Koldej Rachel M. , Luwor Rodney B. , Ritchie David S. , Ziogas James , Kaye Andrew H. 
Published: April 2016

OBJECTIVE
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression and therefore play important roles in many physiological and pathological processes. The aim of this pilot study was to determine the feasibility of extraction and subsequent profiling of miRNA from CSF samples in a pilot population of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients and establish if there is a distinct CSF miRNA signature between patients who develop cerebral vasospasm and those who do not.

METHODS
CSF samples were taken at various time points during the clinical management of a subset of SAH patients (SAH patient samples without vasospasm, n = 10; SAH patient samples with vasospasm, n = 10). CSF obtained from 4 patients without SAH was also included in the analysis. The miRNA was subsequently isolated and purified and then analyzed on an nCounter instrument using the Human V2 and V3 miRNA assay kits. The data were imported into the nSolver software package for differential miRNA expression analysis.

RESULTS
From a total of 800 miRNAs that could be detected with each version of the miRNA assay kit, a total of 691 miRNAs were communal to both kits. There were 36 individual miRNAs that were differentially expressed (p < 0.01) based on group analyses, with a number of miRNAs showing significant changes in more than one group analysis. The changes largely reflected differences between non-SAH and SAH groups. These included miR-204-5p, miR-223-3p, miR-337-5p, miR-451a, miR-489, miR-508-3p, miR-514-3p, miR-516-5p, miR-548 m, miR-599, miR-937, miR-1224-3p, and miR-1301. However, a number of miRNAs did exclusively differ between the vasospasm and nonvasospasm SAH groups including miR-27a-3p, miR-516a-5p, miR-566, and miR-1197.

CONCLUSIONS
The findings indicate that temporal miRNA profiling can detect differences between CSF from aneurysmal SAH and non-SAH patients. Moreover, the miRNA profile of CSF samples from patients who develop cerebral vasopasm may be distinguishable from those who do not. These results provide a foundation for future research at identifying novel CSF biomarkers that might predispose to the development of cerebral vasospasm after SAH and therefore influence subsequent clinical management.
A systematic review of outcomes of contralateral C-7 transfer for the treatment of traumatic brachial plexus injury: an international comparison
Authors: Mathews Alexandra L. , Yang Guang , Chang Kate Wan-Chu , Chung Kevin C. 
Published: April 2016

OBJECTIVE
The effectiveness of contralateral C-7 (CC7) transfer is controversial, yet this procedure has been performed around the world to treat brachial plexus injuries. The authors performed a systematic review to study whether Asian countries reported better outcomes after CC7 transfer compared with “other” countries.

METHODS
A systematic literature search using PubMed, EMBASE, and 3 Chinese databases was completed. Patient outcomes of CC7 transfer to the median and musculocutaneous (MC) nerves were collected and categorized into 2 groups: Asia and “other” countries. China was included as a subcategory of Asia because investigators in China published the majority of the collected studies. To compare outcomes among studies, we created a normalized Medical Research Council (MRC) scale.

RESULTS
For median nerve outcomes, Asia reported that 41% of patients achieved an MRC grade of ≥ M3 of wrist flexion compared with 62% in “other” countries. For finger flexion, Asia found that 41% of patients reached an MRC grade of ≥ M3 compared with 38% in “other” countries. Asia reported that 60% of patients achieved ≥ S3 sensory recovery, compared with 32% in “other” countries. For MC nerve outcomes, 75% of patients from both Asia and “other” countries reached M4 and M3 in elbow flexion.

CONCLUSIONS
Current data did not demonstrate that studies from Asian countries reported better outcomes of CC7 transfer to the median and MC nerves. Future studies should focus on comparing outcomes of different surgical strategies for CC7 transfer.
A long-term study of durability and risk factors for aneurysm recurrence after microsurgical clip ligation
Authors: Brown Mason A. , Parish Jonathan , Guandique Cristian F. , Payner Troy D. , Horner Terry , Leipzig Thomas , Rupani Karishma V. , Kim Richard , Bohnstedt Bradley N. , Cohen-Gadol Aaron A. 
Published: April 2016

OBJECTIVE
With the recent evolution of endovascular therapies, objective evaluation of the efficacy of clip ligation for cerebral aneurysms should be performed. This study was undertaken to evaluate the durability of microsurgical clip ligation, identify risk factors for recurrence, and assess the need for long-term follow-up imaging.

METHODS
A retrospective review of medical records identified 616 consecutive patients (156 male and 460 female patients; mean age 48.4 ± 12.4 years; range 6–90 years) who underwent microsurgical clip ligation and follow-up imaging at least 1 year after discharge between 1990 and 2010 at our institution. Of a total of 926 aneurysms in 616 patients, 758 aneurysms were microsurgically clip-ligated. At presentation, 431 of these aneurysms were ruptured and 327 aneurysms were unruptured. All patients underwent postoperative baseline imaging within the 1st month of their operation. A logistic regression analysis was performed to identify which variables are more likely to predict recurrence.

RESULTS
Late follow-up angiographic imaging was obtained at a mean of 7.2 ± 4.7 years postdischarge (median 5.7 years; range 1–23 years). Of the 699 clipped aneurysms without residua, late follow-up angiography revealed only 1 (0.14%) recurrent aneurysm. Of the 59 residual aneurysms that remained after initial clip ligation on early postoperative imaging, 8 (13.6%) demonstrated growth. All of these aneurysms required treatment. None of the recurrences were due to broken or delayed displacement of clips. A total of 111 patients presented with multiple aneurysms. De novo aneurysm formation occurred in 8 (0.97%) patients, all of whom initially presented with multiple aneurysms.

CONCLUSIONS
This study provides additional evidence to support the long-term efficacy of aneurysm clip ligation. The chance of aneurysm recurrence after complete clip ligation is very small. However, there is a regrowth risk of 1.83% per year for aneurysm remnants after incomplete clip ligation. These findings support the necessity for continued followup, late angiographic imaging, and the potential need for further intervention of incompletely ligated aneurysms. Furthermore, completely clip-ligated aneurysms may not require additional surveillance imaging unless multiple aneurysms were evident at presentation.
Endovascular therapy of low- and intermediate-grade intracranial lateral dural arteriovenous fistulas: a detailed analysis of primary success rates, complication rates, and long-term follow-up of different technical approaches
Authors: Ertl Lorenz , Brückmann Hartmut , Kunz Mathias , Crispin Alexander , Fesl Gunther 
Published: April 2016

OBJECTIVE
Sinus-preserving (SP) embolization techniques augment endovascular treatment options for intracranial lateral dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs). The authors aimed to perform a retrospective comparison of their primary success rates, complication rates, and long-term follow-up with those of sinus-occluding (SO) treatment variants in the collective of low- and intermediate-grade lateral DAVFs (Cognard Types I–IIb).

METHODS
Clinical symptoms, complication rates, and Cognard grading prior to and after endovascular DAVF treatment using different technical approaches was retrospectively analyzed in 36 patients with lateral DAVF Cognard Types I–IIb. The long-term success rate was determined by a standardized questionnaire.

RESULTS
The SO approaches offered a higher rate of definitive fistula occlusion (93% SO vs 71% SP) but were accompanied by a significantly higher complication rate (33% or 20% SO vs 0% SP). The patients interviewed reported very high satisfaction with their health in long-term follow-up in both groups.

CONCLUSIONS
A higher rate of definitive fistula occlusion in the SO group was attained at the price of a significantly higher complication rate. The SP approaches offered a good primary success rate in combination with a very low complication rate. Despite some limitations of the data (e.g., a small sample size) the authors thus recommend an SP variant as the primary therapeutic option for the endovascular treatment of low- and intermediate-grade DAVFs. The SO approaches should be restricted to cases in which SP treatment does not achieve a downgrading to no worse than Cognard Type IIa.