bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of separation force in constrained surface projection stereolithography
Authors: Pan Yayue , He Haiyang , Xu Jie , Feinerman Alan 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
Recently, the constrained surface projection stereolithography (SL) technology is gaining wider attention and has been widely used in the 3D printing industry. In constrained surface projection SL systems, the separation of a newly cured layer from the constrained surface is a historical technical barrier. It greatly limits printable size, process reliability and print speed. Moreover, over-large separation force leads to adhesion failures in manufacturing processes, causing broken constrained surface and part defects. Against this background, this paper investigates the formation of separation forces and various factors that affect the separation process in constrained surface projection SL systems.

Design/methodology/approach
A bottom-up projection SL testbed, integrated with an in-situ separation force measurement unit, is developed for experimental study. Separation forces under various manufacturing process settings and constrained surface conditions are measured in situ. Additionally, physical models are constructed by considering the liquid resin filling process. Experiments are conducted to investigate influences of manufacturing process settings, constrained surface condition and print geometry on separation forces.

Findings
Separation forces increase linearly with the separation speed. The deformation and the oxygen inhibition layer near the constrained surface greatly reduce separation forces. The printing area, area/perimeter ratio and the degree of porousness of print geometries have a combined effect on determining separation forces.

Originality/value
This paper studied factors that influence separation force in constrained surface SL processes. Constrained surface conditions including oxygen inhibition layer thickness, deformation and oxygen permeation capability were investigated, and their influences on separation forces were revealed. Moreover, geometric factors of printing layers that are significant on determining separation forces have been identified and quantified. This study on separation forces provides a solid base for future work on adaptive control of constrained surface projection SL processes.
Robocasting of carbon-alumina core-shell composites using co-extrusion
Authors: Fu Zongwen , Freihart Matthias , Schlordt Tobias , Fey Tobias , Kraft Torsten , Greil Peter , Travitzky Nahum 
Published: April 2017

PurposeThis study aims to achieve the fabrication of three-dimensional core-shell filament-based lattice structures by means of robocasting combined with co-extrusion. For core and shell materials, colloidal gels composed of submicron carbon and alumina powders were developed, respectively. Simultaneously, the co-extrusion process was also studied by numerical simulation to investigate the feed pressure-dependent wall thickness.Design/methodology/approachSignificant differences in the rheological behavior of the carbon and alumina gels were observed because of differences of the particle morphology and surface chemistry of the carbon and alumina powders. Precise control over the cross-sectional diameter of the core and shell green state elements was achieved by alteration of the feed pressures used during co-extrusion.FindingsAfter subsequent thermal treatment in an oxidizing atmosphere (e.g. air), in which the carbon core was oxidized and burned out, lattice structures formed of hollow filaments of predetermined wall thickness were manufactured; additionally, C-Al2O3core-shell filament lattice structures could be derived after firing in an argon atmosphere.Originality/valueGreen lattice truss structures with carbon core and alumina shell filaments were successfully manufactured by robotically controlled co-extrusion. As feedstocks carbon and alumina gels with significantly different rheological properties were prepared. During co-extrusion, the core paste exhibited a much higher viscosity than the shell paste, which benefited the co-extrusion process. Simultaneously, the core and shell diameters were exactly controlled by core and shell feed pressures and studied by numerical simulation. The experimentally and numerically derived filament wall thickness showed qualitative agreement with each other; with decreasing core pressure during co-extrusion, the wall thickness increased.
Getting out the truth: the role of libraries in the fight against fake news
Authors: Batchelor Oliver 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to inform library professionals on the issues, impact and methods of addressing misinformation in news.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper discusses the history, scope and impact of fake news and the tools available for correcting misinformation.

Findings
Fake news and misinformation are widespread and detrimental to democracy. A misinformed electorate undermines the political system.

Originality/value
The paper does not present original findings, but it presents many useful tools for library professionals to use as a means of promoting critical thinking.
International students and information literacy: a systematic review
Authors: Houlihan Meggan , Walker Wiley Claire , Click Amanda B. 
Published: April 2017

PurposeThis study was designed to explore the library and information science research on international students and information literacy published between 1990 and 2014.Design/methodology/approachSystematic review was used to identify and analyze publications from a 25-year period. Three major library information science (LIS) databases were searched for publications meeting the study criteria, and then manual bibliography searches were performed on all those included.FindingsTwenty-one of the 23 included publications were papers published in scholarly journals. There was a slight growth in number of publications by year between 1990 and 2014. Most of the research was conducted in the USA, Australia or Canada. Surveys and interviews were the most commonly used research methods, and nine of the studies used mixed methods. “Library experience” and “information seeking” emerged as the most common research topics. Key findings presented in these papers were often related to library and non-library resources, library instruction, language issues and research difficulties experienced by international students. Author recommendations were generally related to campus collaboration, staff training, assessment, cultural awareness and library instruction.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study will be of value for LIS practitioners who wish to develop or improve information literacy training for the international student populations on their campuses.Originality/valueSystematic review is a useful and rigorous method that can be of value in LIS research. This paper provides a thorough review and assessment of the original research related to international students and information literacy, and summarizes the resulting recommendations.
Teaching research skills through embedded librarianship
Authors: Hoffman Nadine , Beatty Susan , Feng Patrick , Lee Jennifer 
Published: April 2017

PurposeThis pilot aims to study a way of integrating research and writing support into a university course along with content. Research and writing skills are not taught explicitly in most university courses, yet these skills are increasingly required both in and outside of the classroom.Design/methodology/approachAn embedded, collaborative instructional team comprising the instructor, librarians and writing specialists re-designed a first-year inquiry-based learning course, incorporating research and writing instruction throughout, formative and summative assessments and a flipped classroom model. At the end of the course, each member of the team reflected on their collaborative and individual experiences. The team also surveyed students to gauge their perceptions of the research and writing sessions.FindingsThe team learned from this experience and noted a large, but rewarding, time commitment. The flipped classroom model allowed the tailoring of instruction to students’ needs but required more work by librarians to prepare content and to grade. Students indicated appreciation for repeated interactions with librarians and reported confidence to use the skills taught.Originality/valueEmbedding librarians throughout the course with a writing specialist, as well as involvement in grading, is novel – this may be the first example in the literature of “deep integration”. The concept of “embedded librarianship” can be enhanced by expanding librarian and other support roles in a course.
Adult transitional theory and transfer shock in higher education: practices from the literature
Authors: Ivins Tammy , Copenhaver Kimberly , Koclanes Alyssa 
Published: April 2017

PurposeThis paper aims to outline foundational research on adult transition theory and transfer shock in higher education to provide the reader with a theoretical and practical framework for the library-focused articles in this special issue.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is a review of relevant higher education literature related to transfer shock and core research related to adult transitional theory.FindingsTransition is a period in-between moments of stability. The state of confusion and disorientation caused by the transition of transfer students from one academic culture to another is a form of culture shock known as transfer shock. “Transfer shock” refers to the decline in academic performance by transfer students immediately following transition to an institution of higher education and the corresponding recovery prevalent for most students in succeeding semesters. Recent studies have expanded the definition of transfer shock to include the academic and social factors that contribute to attrition and lack of degree persistence. Key factors that correlate to transfer students’ success or failure include gender, race, time of transfer, GPA, prior academic success, faculty collaboration, level of engagement with degree program and campus support.Originality/valueAlthough most literature on transfer students published by librarians includes literature reviews citing relevant articles, it lacks an extensive literature review collecting research from social science and education literature.
Exploring motivation: integrating the ARCS model with instruction
Authors: Reynolds Krista M. , Roberts Lindsay Michelle , Hauck Janet 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to provide an overview of Keller’s ARCS (attention, relevance, confidence and satisfaction) model of motivational design and explores how three instruction librarians at different institutions have integrated the model into their teaching practices to improve student motivation during information literacy (IL) sessions.

Design/methodology/approach
Case studies describe how instruction librarians began to incorporate the ARCS model into library instruction. Three librarians used self-reflective practice and a range of assessment techniques to evaluate and improve teaching practice.

Findings
ARCS is valuable for improving student engagement during IL instruction. The authors suggest best practices for learning about and integrating the model and propose instructional strategies that align with it.

Originality/value
This paper fills a gap in literature on practical applications of motivational design in library instruction and suggests best practices for teaching and assessment using the ARCS model.
Ready-to-go assessment: the implementation and design of a general assessment tool
Authors: Berg Cara 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to highlight an assessment tool that can be used for all information literacy classes.

Design/methodology/approach
The assessment was designed and data were stored using Google Forms. Questions were basic, general questions about student confidence after attending a library instruction class. The assessment was piloted in the Fall 2015 semester, improved on and reissued in the Spring 2016 semester and is now in its current iteration as a tool to be used by most librarians.

Findings
The first two implementations were successful, but issues arose in distribution and in the type of questions. Tweaks to the distribution that would work in any computer lab on any campus were beneficial to librarians and students. The content of the questions were also modified after the first two implementations; questions about recalling resources were condensed and changed to questions on what the students learned and what they were still unsure of. All implementations showed positive results from the students on their confidence level after library instruction.

Originality/value
This tool and the implementation methods are versatile enough to be used at any kind of institution and with any general learning objective. Assessment is essential in library instruction; this tool provides a way for all librarians to quickly assess their class without taking much additional class time. In addition to the individual librarian, this is also useful for reporting statistics to the college administration if data are needed on the assessment of library instruction.
Review of vasculature visualized on dermoscopy
Authors: Togawa Yaei 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDermoscopy is a useful tool for finding and screening skin tumors, especially skin cancers. It is well known that it is useful to diagnose pigmented tumors, such as melanocytic lesions. In recent years, after the publication of a revised two‐step algorithm in 2010, dermoscopy gradually has been used to diagnose non‐pigmented or non‐melanocytic lesions based on their vascular structures. Some skin lesions have specific vascular structures that aid in diagnosis. In this review, I discuss the various patterns of the vascular structures and their distribution, focusing on their clinical importance and usefulness in daily medical treatment.
Abundance of the benign melanocytic universe: Dermoscopic–histopathological correlation in nevi
Authors: Woltsche Nora , Schmid‐Zalaudek Karin , Deinlein Teresa , Rammel Katrin , Hofmann‐Wellenhof Rainer , Zalaudek Iris 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe broad universe of “melanocytic nevi” includes a variety of different subtypes, which can be classified either due to their morphology, epidemiology, genetic alterations or risk for developing melanoma. Regarding morphology, on the one hand macroscopic/clinical and on the other hand histopathological appearance were used to subdivide in the past, often resulting in confusion and poor interobserver agreement, while nowadays dermoscopy presents the clinician's precious bridge between naked‐eye examination and histopathological diagnostics, allowing prediction of the lesions’ histopathology, follow up and monitoring over time without need of excision. The non‐invasive dermoscopic examination relies on the assessment of colors, patterns and the distribution of both within a cutaneous lesion. Until today, the correspondence of certain dermoscopic colors and patterns to certain histopathological correlates has been reported for a huge amount of different cutaneous lesions. Moreover, the correspondence of certain dermoscopic features to certain body sites, age groups and pigmentary traits, but also to specific genetic alterations in lesions, has been broadly investigated. Dermoscopy has led us to a new understanding of melanocytic nevi's biology and evolution and, last but not least, to a new classification system, which we want to present herein.
Dermoscopic evaluation of melanonychia
Authors: Koga Hiroshi 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe prevalence of melanonychia is approximately 1%, and it is a common symptom encountered in daily practise. However, it may also be the first symptom of melanoma of the nail apparatus. Evaluation of adult melanonychia with clinical information and clinical images is sometimes difficult for clinicians. Dermoscopic observation provides important information based on the algorithm method. Melanonychia in children requires a different approach, because dermoscopic features observed in adult nail apparatus melanoma are generally observed in benign pediatric cases.
Unravelling the pleiotropic role of the MceGATPase in Mycobacterium smegmatis
Authors: García‐Fernández Julia , Papavinasasundaram Kadamba , Galán Beatriz , Sassetti Christopher M. , García José L. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryThe Mce systems are complex ABC transporters that are encoded by different numbers of homologous operons in Actinobacteria. While the four Mce systems of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are all energized by a single ATPase, MceG, each system appears to import different fatty acids or sterols. To explore if this behaviour can be extended to saprophytic mycobacteria, whose more complex genomes encode more Mce systems, we have identified and characterized the MceG orthologue of Mycobacterium smegmatis. This bacterium relies on MceG to energize its six Mce systems that contribute to a variety of cellular functions including sterol uptake and cell envelope maintenance. In the absence of MceG, M. smegmatis was not able to utilize cholesterol or phytosterols as carbon sources implying that this ATPase is necessary to energize the Mce4‐sterol transport system. Other phenotypic alterations observed in the ΔMceG mutant, such as cell envelope modifications, suggest a pleiotropic functionality of the Mce systems that are particularly important for stress responses. Several ΔMceG phenotypes were recapitulated in a strain lacking only the unique C‐terminal region of MceG, suggesting an important functional or regulatory function for this domain.
The Sanskrit (Pseudo)Periphrastic Future
Authors: Lowe John J. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe paradigmatic status of the Sanskrit periphrastic future is widely taken for granted. I argue that all the criteria for distinguishing the periphrastic future as a paradigmatic tense formation from a syntactic collocation of agent noun plus copula are problematic, except in one small set of Sanskrit texts. The evidence requires a nuanced diachronic approach: in early Vedic Prose we may reasonably speak of a paradigmatic ‘periphrastic future’ (though it may not be periphrastic), but outside this period the formation is merely a special use of the agent noun.
The Development and Application of Random Match Probabilities to Firearm and Toolmark Identification
Authors: Murdock John E. , Petraco Nicholas D.K. , Thornton John I. , Neel Michael T. , Weller Todd J. , Thompson Robert M. , Hamby James E. , Collins Eric R. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe field of firearms and toolmark analysis has encountered deep scrutiny of late, stemming from a handful of voices, primarily in the law and statistical communities. While strong scrutiny is a healthy and necessary part of any scientific endeavor, much of the current criticism leveled at firearm and toolmark analysis is, at best, misinformed and, at worst, punditry. One of the most persistent criticisms stems from the view that as the field lacks quantified random match probability data (or at least a firm statistical model) with which to calculate the probability of a false match, all expert testimony concerning firearm and toolmark identification or source attribution is unreliable and should be ruled inadmissible. However, this critique does not stem from the hard work of actually obtaining data and performing the scientific research required to support or reject current findings in the literature. Although there are sound reasons (described herein) why there is currently no unifying probabilistic model for the comparison of striated and impressed toolmarks as there is in the field of forensic DNA profiling, much statistical research has been, and continues to be, done to aid the criminal justice system. This research has thus far shown that error rate estimates for the field are very low, especially when compared to other forms of judicial error. The first purpose of this paper is to point out the logical fallacies in the arguments of a small group of pundits, who advocate a particular viewpoint but cloak it as fact and research. The second purpose is to give a balanced review of the literature regarding random match probability models and statistical applications that have been carried out in forensic firearm and toolmark analysis.
Allocation of Streamflow Depletion Impacts under Nonlinear Conditions
Authors: Schneider James C. , Ahlfeld David P. , Spalding Charles P. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA method is proposed for the equitable allocation of impacts of groundwater pumping on streamflow. The method is intended for cases in which the pumping activity of multiple entities has impacts on streamflow and these impacts are computed by perturbation. It is shown that when the response of streamflow to pumping is nonlinear, simple methods for impact calculation can fail. The proposed method is developed for the case when there are four entities that impact streamflow. The method relies on the calculation of impacts by perturbation of the simulation model from different base pumping levels. When four entities are evaluated, 16 runs of the simulation model are required. It is shown the proposed method produces estimated impacts for each individual entity that are equitable because they meet the requirement that the impacts of each entity sum to the total impacts of all entities acting together and the impacts attributed to each entity do not depend on the order of calculation. A brief example demonstrates the approach.
Rapid degradation of longer DNA fragments enables the improved estimation of distribution and biomass using environmental DNA
Authors: Jo Toshiaki , Murakami Hiroaki , Masuda Reiji , Sakata Masayuki K. , Yamamoto Satoshi , Minamoto Toshifumi 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe advent of environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis methods has enabled rapid and wide‐range ecological monitoring in aquatic ecosystems, but there is a dearth of information on eDNA degradation. The results of previous studies suggest that the decay rate of eDNA varies depending on the length of DNA fragments. To examine this hypothesis, we compared temporal change in copy number of long eDNA fragments (719 bp) with that of short eDNA fragments (127 bp). First, we isolated rearing water from a target fish species, Japanese Jack Mackerel (Trachurus japonicus), and then quantified the copy number of the long and short eDNA fragments in 1 L water samples after isolating the water from the fish. Long DNA fragments showed a higher decay rate than short fragments. Next, we measured the eDNA copy numbers of long and short DNA fragments using field samples, and compared them with fish biomass as measured by echo intensity. Although a previous study suggested that short eDNA fragments could be overestimated because of nontarget eDNA from a nearby fish market and carcasses, the eDNA concentrations of long fragments were correlated with echo intensity. This suggests that the concentration of longer eDNA fragments reflects fish biomass more accurately than the previous study by removing the effects of the fish market and carcasses. The length‐related differences in eDNA have a substantial potential to improve estimation of species biomass.