bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Valley floor aeolianite in an equatorial pit crater on Mars
Authors: Bourke M. C. , Viles H. A. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractHigh and low albedo lineations in a valley entering a pit in Lucaya crater are overlain by a currently immobile dune field. We propose that they are an aeolianite that formed as the overlying dunes migrated. Implicit in this is the suggestion that available water promoted early cementation of evaporitic minerals. We propose that the deposit likely resulted from a combination of locally sourced carbonate minerals and transient groundwater, both of which were made available after the formation of the pit crater. We do not exclude other aerial or subsurface sources of soluble minerals. We report on a pilot regional reconnaissance of images that finds the alternating albedo of dune sediments in Lucaya crater is found elsewhere on Mars. This suggests a regional sediment source at the time of dune activity. We examine a coastal interdune site in Namibia as an analogue for early geochemical cementation and interdune microtopography similar to the features observed on Mars. We find that the curvilinear interdune strata at the field site in Namibia are the preserved lee slope facies deposited by the dune as it migrated. Early cementation occurs in the interdune vadose zone due to precipitation of salts from groundwater. The formation of aeolianite in Lucaya crater supports suggestions by others that moisture is available for a significant period following crater formation. Moreover, it suggests that groundwater flow is sustained near the surface as well as in the deeper subsurface.
Importance of the Gulf of Mexico as a climate driver for U.S. severe thunderstorm activity
Authors: Molina M. J. , Timmer R. P. , Allen J. T. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractDifferent features of the Gulf of Mexico (GOM), such as the Loop Current and warm‐core rings, are found to influence monthly‐to‐seasonal severe weather occurrence in different regions of the United States (U.S.). The warmer (cooler) the GOM sea surface temperatures, the more (less) hail and tornadoes occur during March–May over the southern U.S. This pattern is reflected physically in boundary layer specific humidity and mixed‐layer convective available potential energy, two large‐scale atmospheric conditions favorable for severe weather occurrence. This relationship is complicated by interactions between the GOM and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) but persists when analyzing ENSO neutral conditions. This suggests that the GOM can influence hail and tornado occurrence and provides another source of regional predictability for seasonal severe weather.
Postmidnight ionospheric troughs in summer at high latitudes
Authors: Voiculescu M. , Nygrén T. , Aikio A. T. , Vanhamäki H. , Pierrard V. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn this article we identify possible mechanisms for the formation of postmidnight ionospheric troughs during summer, in sunlit plasma. Four events were identified in measurements of European Incoherent Scatter and ESR radars during CP3 experiments, when the ionosphere was scanned in a meridional plan. The spatial and temporal variation of plasma density, ion, and electron temperatures were analyzed for each of the four events. Super Dual Auroral Radar Network plasma velocity measurements were added, when these were available. For all high‐latitude troughs the ion temperatures are high at density minima (within the trough), at places where the convection plasma velocity is eastward and high. There is no significant change in electron temperature inside the trough, regardless of its temporal evolution. We find that troughs in sunlit plasma form in two steps: the trough starts to form when energetic electron precipitation leads to faster recombination in the F region, and it deepens when entering a region with high eastward flow, producing frictional heating and further depleting the plasma. The high‐latitude plasma convection plays an important role in formation and evolution of troughs in the postmidnight sector in sunlit plasma. During one event a second trough is identified at midlatitudes, with different characteristics, which is most likely produced by a rapid subauroral ion drift in the premidnight sector.
Carbon isotope offsets between benthic foraminifer species of the genus Cibicides (Cibicidoides) in the glacial sub‐Antarctic Atlantic
Authors: Gottschalk Julia , Vázquez Riveiros Natalia , Waelbroeck Claire , Skinner Luke C. , Michel Elisabeth , Duplessy Jean‐Claude , Hodell David , Mackensen Andreas 
Published: November 2016

AbstractEpibenthic foraminifer δ13C measurements are valuable for reconstructing past bottom water dissolved inorganic carbon δ13C (δ13CDIC), which are used to infer global ocean circulation patterns. Epibenthic δ13C, however, may also reflect the influence of 13C‐depleted phytodetritus, microhabitat changes, and/or variations in carbonate ion concentrations. Here we compare the δ13C of two benthic foraminifer species, Cibicides kullenbergi and Cibicides wuellerstorfi, and their morphotypes, in three sub‐Antarctic Atlantic sediment cores over several glacial‐interglacial transitions. These species are commonly assumed to be epibenthic, living above or directly below the sediment‐water interface. While this might be consistent with the small δ13C offset that we observe between these species during late Pleistocene interglacial periods (Δδ13C = −0.19 ± 0.31‰, N = 63), it is more difficult to reconcile with the significant δ13C offset that is found between these species during glacial periods (Δδ13C = −0.76 ± 0.44‰, N = 44). We test possible scenarios by analyzing Uvigerina spp. δ13C and benthic foraminifer abundances: (1) C. kullenbergi δ13C is biased to light values either due to microhabitat shifts or phytodetritus effects and (2) C. wuellerstorfi δ13C is biased to heavy values, relative to long‐term average conditions, for instance by recording the sporadic occurrence of less depleted deepwater δ13CDIC. Neither of these scenarios can be ruled out unequivocally. However, our findings emphasize that supposedly epibenthic foraminifer δ13C in the sub‐Antarctic Atlantic may reflect several factors rather than being solely a function of bottom water δ13CDIC. This could have a direct bearing on the interpretation of extremely light South Atlantic δ13C values at the Last Glacial Maximum.
Cultivating Community Psychology for Future Generations: Symbiosis, Synergy, and Separation
Authors: Kloos Bret 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAs we near the fiftieth anniversary of the founding of a community psychology division of the American Psychological Association, there are reasons to be concerned about the sustainability of the field. This commentary proposes a need for deliberate, systematic efforts to cultivate settings that can sustain the field. A framework for outreach to build symbiotic relationships and synergistic collaborations with persons who do not identify as community psychologists is proposed. Simultaneously, a strategy of separation from other disciplines may be needed in some circumstances to conserve settings that sustain the field. Finding a balance in these strategies is necessary to cultivate community psychology for future generations.
Reflections on a Community Psychology Setting and the Future of the Field
Authors: Kaufman Joy S. , Connell Christian M. , Crusto Cindy A. , Gordon Derrick M. , Sartor Carolyn E. , Simon Patricia , Strambler Michael J. , Sullivan Tami P. , Ward Nadia L. , Weiss Nicole Holland , Tebes Jacob Kraemer 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe 50th anniversary of the Swampscott Conference offers an opportunity to reflect on a community psychology setting, The Consultation Center at Yale, that was formed in response to the 1963 Community Mental Health Act and the 1965 Swampscott Conference. The Center has flourished as a community psychology setting for practice, research, and training for 39 of the 50 years since Swampscott. Its creation and existence over this period offers an opportunity for reflection on the types of settings needed to sustain the field into the future.
Drugs, Sex, and Condoms: Identification and Interpretation of Race‐Specific Cultural Messages Influencing Black Gay and Bisexual Young Men Living with HIV
Authors: Harper Gary W. , Tyler April Timmons , Bruce Douglas , Graham Louis , Wade Ryan M. ,   the Adolescent Trials Network for HIV/AIDS Interventions
Published: November 2016

AbstractBlack gay and bisexual young men carry a disproportionate burden of HIV in the United States. This study explored Black gay and bisexual young men living with HIV's identification and interpretation of race‐specific cultural messages regarding substance use, sexual activity, and condom use. A total of 36 Black gay and bisexual young men living with HIV (ages 16–24, mean = 20.6 years) from four geographically diverse regions of the United States participated in qualitative in‐depth interviews. Results from this study elucidate the ways in which these young men interpret various forms of race‐specific cultural messages and experiences regarding substance use, sexual activity, and condom use. Participants discussed cultural messages and experiences promoting and discouraging condoms and substance use. Regarding sexual activity, only messages and experiences promoting sex were reported. Across all three categories, messages and experiences promoting risk were predominant. Data further revealed that socially transmitted cultural messages received by young men emanated from multiple sources, such as family, peers, sexual partners, community/neighborhood, and the broader society. Race‐specific cultural messages and experiences should be addressed in interventions for this population, and programs should assist young men in developing a critical consciousness regarding these messages and experiences in order to promote health and well‐being.
Hepcidin detects iron deficiency in Sri Lankan adolescents with a high burden of hemoglobinopathy: A diagnostic test accuracy study
Authors: Wray Katherine , Allen Angela , Evans Emma , Fisher Chris , Premawardhena Anuja , Perera Lakshman , Rodrigo Rexan , Goonathilaka Gayan , Ramees Lebbe , Webster Craig , Armitage Andrew E , Prentice Andrew M , Weatherall David J , Drakesmith Hal , Pasricha Sant‐Rayn 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAnemia affects over 800 million women and children globally. Measurement of hepcidin as an index of iron status shows promise, but its diagnostic performance where hemoglobinopathies are prevalent is unclear. We evaluated the performance of hepcidin as a diagnostic test of iron deficiency in adolescents across Sri Lanka.We selected 2273 samples from a nationally representative cross‐sectional study of 7526 secondary schoolchildren across Sri Lanka and analyzed associations between hepcidin and participant characteristics, iron indices, inflammatory markers, and hemoglobinopathy states. We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of hepcidin as a test for iron deficiency with estimation of the AUCROC, sensitivity/specificity at each hepcidin cutoff, and calculation of the Youden Index to find the optimal threshold.Hepcidin was associated with ferritin, sTfR, and hemoglobin. The AUCROC for hepcidin as a test of iron deficiency was 0.78; hepcidin outperformed Hb and sTfR. The Youden index‐predicted cutoff to detect iron deficiency (3.2 ng/mL) was similar to thresholds previously identified to predict iron utilization and identify deficiency in African populations. Neither age, sex, nor α‐ or β‐thalassemia trait affected diagnostic properties of hepcidin. Hepcidin pre‐screening would prevent most iron‐replete thalassemia carriers from receiving iron whilst still ensuring most iron deficient children were supplemented. Our data indicate that the physiological relationship between hepcidin and iron status transcends specific populations. Measurement of hepcidin in individuals or populations could establish the need for iron interventions.
Micelles, Bicelles, and Nanodiscs: Comparing the Impact of Membrane Mimetics on Membrane Protein Backbone Dynamics
Authors: Frey Lukas , Lakomek Nils‐Alexander , Riek Roland , Bibow Stefan 
Published: November 2016

AbstractDetergents are often used to investigate the structure and dynamics of membrane proteins. Whereas the structural integrity seems to be preserved in detergents for many membrane proteins, their functional activity is frequently compromised, but can be restored in a lipid environment. Herein we show with per‐residue resolution that while OmpX forms a stable β‐barrel in DPC detergent micelles, DHPC/DMPC bicelles, and DMPC nanodiscs, the pico‐ to nanosecond and micro‐ to millisecond motions differ substantially between the detergent and lipid environment. In particular for the β‐strands, there is pronounced dynamic variability in the lipid environment, which appears to be suppressed in micelles. This unexpected complex and membrane‐mimetic‐dependent dynamic behavior indicates that the frequent loss of membrane protein activity in detergents might be related to reduced internal dynamics and that membrane protein activity correlates with lipid flexibility.
Bigger and Brighter Fluorenes: Facile π‐Expansion, Brilliant Emission and Sensing of Nitroaromatics
Authors: Ramakrishna Jagarapu , Venkatakrishnan Parthasarathy 
Published: November 2016

Abstractπ‐Expanded butterfly‐like 2D fluorenes and 3D spirobifluorenes 1–5 were synthesized via a DDQ‐mediated oxidative cyclization strategy with a high regioselectivity. Through structural modification via π‐expansion, it was possible to achieve near‐ultraviolet absorption, bright‐blue emission, very high near‐unity fluorescence quantum yields in solution as well as in film states, and deep‐lying HOMO energy levels with excellent thermal stabilities. Furthermore, these electron‐rich compounds displayed a notable behavior towards sensing of nitroaromatic explosives, such as picric acid, up to a detection limit of 0.2 ppb.
Application of THz Vibrational Spectroscopy to Molecular Characterization and the Theoretical Fundamentals: An Illustration Using Saccharide Molecules
Authors: Zhang Feng , Wang Houng‐Wei , Tominaga Keisuke , Hayashi Michitoshi , Hasunuma Tomohisa , Kondo Akihiko 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis work illustrates several theoretical fundamentals for the application of THz vibrational spectroscopy to molecular characterization in the solid state using two different types of saccharide systems as examples. Four subjects have been specifically addressed: (1) the qualitative differences in the molecular vibrational signatures monitored by THz and mid‐IR vibrational spectroscopy; (2) the selection rules for THz vibrational spectroscopy as applied to crystalline and amorphous systems; (3) a normal mode simulation, using α‐l‐xylose as an example; and (4) a rigorous mode analysis to quantify the percentage contributions of the intermolecular and intramolecular vibrations to the normal mode of interest.
Effects of lapatinib or trastuzumab, alone and in combination, in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2‐positive breast cancer: a meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Xin Yong , Guo Wen Wen , Huang Qian , Zhang Pei , Zhang Long‐Zhen , Jiang Guan , Tian Ye 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis meta‐analysis compared the efficiency and safety of lapatinib and trastuzumab, alone or in combination, administered with neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)‐positive breast cancer. For dichotomous variables, the relative risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to investigate outcome measures: pathological complete response (pCR), neutropenia, diarrhea, dermatologic toxicity, and congestive heart failure (CHF). Eight randomized controlled trials of 2350 participants (837 receiving lapatinib, 913 trastuzumab, and 555 combination therapy) were selected to compare the efficiency and safety of lapatinib to trastuzumab. A significant difference was found between lapatinib and trastuzumab for pCR (RR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.73–0.93; Z = 3.00; P = 0.003). In six studies, a significant difference was found between trastuzumab and combination therapy for pCR (RR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.18–1.50; Z = 4.70; P < 0.00001), diarrhea (RR = 14.59, 95% CI: 7.69–27.67; Z = 8.20; P < 0.00001), and dermatologic toxicity (RR = 3.10, 95% CI: 1.61–5.96; Z = 3.39; P = 0.007), but none was found for neutropenia (RR = 1.38, 95% CI: 0.82–2.31; Z = 1.22; P = 0.22) or CHF (RR = 0.14, 95% CI: 0.02–1.17; Z = 1.02; P = 0.07). Combination therapy compared to trastuzumab alone increases the pCR rate of HER2‐positive breast cancer patients with no additional cardiac events. Trastuzumab, which is still the first‐line therapy in breast cancer, increases the pCR rate more than lapatinib.
Bivalent Display of Dicysteine on Peptide Nucleic Acids for Homogenous DNA/RNA Detection through in Situ Fluorescence Labelling
Authors: Fang Ge‐min , Seitz Oliver 
Published: November 2016

AbstractFluorogenic probes that signal the presence of specific DNA or RNA sequences are key enabling tools for molecular disease diagnosis and imaging studies. Usually, at least one fluorophore is attached through covalent bonding to an oligonucleotide probe. However, the additional conjugation step increases costs. Here we introduce a method that avoids the requirement for the preparation of fluorescence‐labelled oligonucleotides and provides the opportunity to alter the fluorogenic reporter dye without resynthesis. The method is based on adjacent hybridization of two dicysteine‐containing peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probes to form a bipartite tetracysteine motif that binds profluorescent bisarsenical dyes such as FIAsH, ReAsH or CrAsH. Binding is accompanied by strong increases in fluorescence emission (with response factors of up to 80‐fold and high brightness up to 50 mL mol−1 cm−1). The detection system provides sub‐nanomolar limits of detection and allows discrimination of single nucleotide variations through more than 20‐fold changes in fluorescence intensity. To demonstrate its usefulness, the FIAsH‐based readout of the bivalent CysCys‐PNA display was interfaced with a rolling‐circle amplification (RCA) assay used to detect disease‐associated microRNA let‐7a.
Fused Bicyclic Caspase‐1 Inhibitors Assembled by Copper‐Free Strain‐Promoted Alkyne–Azide Cycloaddition (SPAAC)
Authors: Qian Linghui , Zhang Chong‐Jing , Wu Ji'en , Yao Shao Q. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractChallenges exist in the development of potent and selective small‐molecule inhibitors against caspase‐1. Herein, by making use of the copper‐free strain‐promoted alkyne–azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) reaction between difluorinated cyclooctynes (DIFOs) and various azide‐containing compounds, we showed for the first time that potential caspase‐1 inhibitors could be rapidly synthesized. The resulting fused bicyclic compounds structurally resembled the central portion (P2–P3) of Pralnacasan (a well‐known small molecule caspase‐1 inhibitor), with diversity at the P4‐position of the parental inhibitor conveniently installed from the azide component. Since our SPAAC‐assembled inhibitor library was synthesized by using a copper‐free bioorthogonal chemistry, the resulting 52‐membered library (2 DIFOs×26 azides) was immediately ready for subsequent cell‐based screening for rapid identification of potential cell‐permeable hits capable of effectively inhibiting endogenous caspase‐1 activities. C1FS, a recently reported fluorogenic two‐photon probe, which possesses improved live‐cell imaging sensitivity against endogenous caspase‐1, was used both in vitro and in LPS/ATP‐induced macrophages (a well‐established caspase‐1‐activated cell model) to screen against selected compounds from the above‐mentioned library, leading to subsequent discovery of a novel caspase‐1 inhibitor named b7‐b.
A Prediction of Proton‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Ketones in Lewis Basic Solvent through Facile Splitting of Hydrogen Molecules
Authors: Heshmat Mojgan , Privalov Timofei 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA ketone's carbonyl carbon is electrophilic and harbors a part of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of the carbonyl group, resembling a Lewis acidic center; under the right circumstances it exhibits very useful chemical reactivity, although the natural electrophilicity of the ketone's carbonyl carbon is often not strong enough on its own to produce such reactivity. Quantum chemical calculations predict that a proton shared between a ketone and the Lewis basic solvent molecule (dioxane or THF) activates carbonyl carbon to the point of enabling a facile heterolytic splitting of H2. Proton‐catalyzed hydrogenation of a ketone in Lewis basic solvent is the result. The mechanism involves the interaction of H2 with the enhanced Lewis acidity of a carbonyl carbon and the free Lewis basic solvent molecule polarizes H2 and enables the hydride‐type attack on carbonyl carbon, which is very strongly influenced by the proton shared between a ketone and solvent. The hydride‐type attack on carbon is reminiscent of the splitting of H2 by singlet carbenes except that, in this case, a Lewis base from the surrounding environment (solvent) is necessary for polarization of H2 and acceptance of the proton resulting from the heterolytic splitting of H2.
Stereospecific Synthesis of Fluoroalkenes by Silver‐Mediated Fluorination of Functionalized Alkenylstannanes
Authors: Sommer Heiko , Fürstner Alois 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe known procedures for the conversion of alkenylstannanes into the corresponding fluoroalkenes suffer from largely variable yields and a limited compatibility with functional groups; most notably, protodestannation becomes a serious issue whenever protic sites are present in the substrate. Outlined in this paper is a convenient alternative with a much improved application profile, which is largely unperturbed by free alcohols and amides of all sorts. Key to success is the use of F‐TEDA‐PF6 in combination with non‐hygroscopic and bench‐stable silver phosphinate (AgOP(O)Ph2) that acts as an essentially neutral, non‐nucleophilic promotor and effective tin‐scavenger at the same time. This new method opens many opportunities for late‐stage fluorination of elaborate compounds far beyond the scope of the literature procedures, as witnessed by the preparation of a fluorinated macrolide antibiotic, a fluorinated prostaglandin derivative, and a set of fluorinated amino acid surrogates and peptide isosteres.
ChemInform Abstract: Revisiting Ce3Pt4Ge6 — Crystal Structure and Physical Properties.
Authors: Janka Oliver , Hoffmann Rolf‐Dieter , Eilers‐Rethwisch Matthias , Rodewald Ute Ch. , Niehaus Oliver , Poettgen Rainer 
Published: November 2016

AbstractHigh quality single crystals of Ce3Pt4Ge6 are obtained by repeated arc melting of the elements under Ar and subsequent annealing just below the melting point (2 h; slow cooling to 25 °C).
ChemInform Abstract: The Parent Li(OH)FeSe Phase of Lithium Iron Hydroxide Selenide Superconductors.
Authors: Woodruff Daniel N. , Schild Francesca , Topping Craig V. , Cassidy Simon J. , Blandy Jack N. , Blundell Stephen J. , Thompson Amber L. , Clarke Simon J. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractLithiation of Li1‐xFex(OH)Fe1‐ySe leads to high‐temperature superconductivity when iron ions are displaced from the hydroxide layers to fill the vacancies in the iron selenide layers.
ChemInform Abstract: Nanocubic KTi2(PO4)3 Electrodes for Potassium‐Ion Batteries.
Authors: Han Jin , Niu Yubin , Bao Shu‐juan , Yu Ya‐Nan , Lu Shi‐Yu , Xu Maowen 
Published: November 2016

AbstractNanocubic KTi2(PO4)3 is hydrothermally synthesized from an aqueous mixture of TiO2, KH2PO4, and H3PO4 (autoclave, 180 °C, 48 h) followed by annealing (Ar flow, 500 °C, 4 h).
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Dimensional Zinc Selenophosphates: A2ZnP2Se6 (A: K, Rb, Cs).
Authors: Haynes Alyssa S. , Lee Katherine , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe title compounds are prepared via molten salt flux syntheses from 2:1:2:10 molar mixtures of M2Se (M: K, Rb, Cs), Zn, P2Se5, and Se (evacuated silica tubes, 500 °C, 72 h; 95, 85, and 50% yields, respectively).