bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Domestic Cooking of Muscle Foods: Impact on Composition of Nutrients and Contaminants
Authors: Sobral M Madalena C , Cunha Sara C , Faria Miguel A , Ferreira Isabel MPLVO 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMeat and fish are muscle foods rich in valuable nutrients, such as high‐quality proteins, vitamins, and minerals, and, in the case of fish, also unsaturated fatty acids. The escalation of meat and fish production has increased the occurrence of pesticide and antibiotic residues, as result of pest control on feed crops, and antibiotics used to fight infections in animals. Meat and fish are usually cooked to enrich taste, soften texture, increase safety, and improve nutrient digestibility. However, the impact of cooking on nutritional properties and formation of deleterious compounds must be understood. This review summarizes studies, published in the last decade, that have focused on how domestic cooking affects: (i) composition of nutrients (protein, fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals); (ii) antibiotic and pesticide residue contents; and (iii) the formation of cooking‐induced contaminants (heterocyclic aromatic amines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and thermal degradation products of antibiotics and pesticides). Cooking affects the nutritional composition of meat and fish; frying is the cooking method that causes the greatest impact. Cooking may reduce the pesticide and antibiotic residues present in contaminated raw meat and fish; however, it may result in the formation of degradation products of unknown identity and toxicity. Control of cooking time and temperature, use of antioxidant‐rich marinades, and avoiding the dripping of fat during charcoal grilling can reduce the formation of cooking‐induced contaminants.
Traditionally Processed Beverages in Africa: A Review of the Mycotoxin Occurrence Patterns and Exposure Assessment
Authors: Ezekiel Chibundu N. , Ayeni Kolawole I. , Misihairabgwi Jane M. , Somorin Yinka M. , Chibuzor‐Onyema Ihuoma E. , Oyedele Oluwawapelumi A. , Abia Wilfred A. , Sulyok Michael , Shephard Gordon S. , Krska Rudolf 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAfrican traditional beverages are widely consumed food‐grade liquids processed from single or mixed grains (mostly cereals) by simple food processing techniques, of which fermentation tops the list. These beverages are very diverse in composition and nutritional value and are specific to different cultures and countries. The grains from which home‐processed traditional beverages are made across Africa are often heavily contaminated with multiple mycotoxins due to poor agricultural, handling, and storage practices that characterize the region. In the literature, there are many reports on the spectrum and quantities of mycotoxins in crops utilized in traditional beverage processing, however, few studies have analyzed mycotoxins in the beverages themselves. The available reports on mycotoxins in African traditional beverages are mainly centered on the finished products with little information on the process chain (raw material to final product), fate of the different mycotoxins during processing, and exposure estimates for consumers. Regulations targeting these local beverages are not in place despite the heavy occurrence of mycotoxins in their raw materials and the high consumption levels of the products in many homes. This paper therefore comprehensively discusses for the 1st time the available data on the wide variety of African traditional beverages, the mycotoxins that contaminate the beverages and their raw materials, exposure estimates, and possible consequent effects. Mycotoxin control options and future directions for mycotoxin research in beverage production are also highlighted.
Characterization of Fractionation Membranes in an Animal Model of Double Filtration Lipoprotein Apheresis
Authors: Krieter Detlef H , Lange Florian , Lemke Horst‐Dieter , Bonn Florian , Wanner Christoph 
Published: January 2018

AbstractTechnical problems during clinical lipid apheresis interfere with fractionator performance. Therefore, a large animal model was established to characterize a new plasma fractionation membrane. Four sheep were randomized, controlled, and crossover subjected to double ofiltration lipoprotein apheresis with three specimens of FractioPESR having slightly different HDL sieving coefficients (SK) (FPESa, 0.30, FPESb, 0.26, and FPESc, 0.22) versus a control fractionator (EVAL). SK and reduction ratios were determined for LDL, HDL, fibrinogen, IgG, and albumin. Compared to EVAL (0.42 ± 0.04 to 0.74 ± 0.08) and FPESa (0.36 ± 0.06 to 0.64 ± 0.04), SK for HDL were lower (P < 0.05) with FPESc (0.30 ± 0.04 to 0.49 ± 0.10). Fibrinogen SK were higher (P < 0.05) with EVAL (0.02 ± 0.01 to 0.40 ± 0.08) compared to FPESb (0.05 ± 0.02 to 0.26 ± 0.34) and FPESc (0.01 ± 0.01 to 0.21 ± 0.16). No further differences were determined. The animal model distinguished between minor differences in fractionation membrane permeability, demonstrating equivalent sieving of FPESa and EVAL and slightly inferior permeability of FPESb and FPESc.
Inference by exclusion in the red‐tailed black cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus banksii)
Authors: SUBIAS Lorraine , GRIFFIN Andrea S. , GUEZ David 
Published: January 2018

AbstractInference by exclusion is the ability to select a given option by excluding the others. When designed appropriately, tests of this ability can reveal choices that cannot be explained by associative processes. Over the past decade, exclusion reasoning has been explored in several non‐human taxonomic groups, including birds, mainly in Corvids and Parrots. To increase our understanding of the taxonomic distribution of exclusion reasoning and, therefore, its evolution, we investigated exclusion performances in red‐tailed black cockatoos (Calyptorhynchus banksii), an Australian relative of the Goffin cockatoo (Cacatua goffini), using a food‐finding task. Cockatoos were required to find a food item hidden in 1 of the 2 experimenter's hands. Following training sessions in which they reliably selected the closed baited hand they had just been shown open, each individual was tested on 4 different conditions. Critical to demonstrating exclusion reasoning was the condition in which they were shown the empty hand and then offered a choice of both closed hands. The performance of all birds was above chance on all experimental conditions but not on an olfactory and/or cuing control condition. The results suggest that the birds might be able to infer by exclusion, although an explanation based on rule learning cannot be excluded. This first experiment in red‐tailed black cockatoo highlights the potential of this species as a model to study avian cognition and paves the pathway for future investigations.
Integrated tool for microsatellite isolation and validation from the reference genome and their application in the study of breeding turnover in an endangered avian population
Authors: HOU Xian , XU Pengwei , LIN Zhenzhen , D'URBAN‐JACKSON Josephine , DIXON Andrew , BOLD Batbayar , XU Jiliang , ZHAN Xiangjiang 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAccurate individual identification is required to estimate survival rates in avian populations. For endangered species, non‐invasive methods of obtaining individual identification, such as using molted feathers as a source of DNA for microsatellite markers, are preferred because of less disturbance, easy sample preparation and high efficiency. With the availability of many avian genomes, a few pipelines isolating genome‐wide microsatellites have been published, but it is still a challenge to isolate microsatellites from the reference genome efficiently. Here, we have developed an integrated tool comprising a bioinformatic pipeline and experimental procedures for microsatellite isolation and validation based on the reference genome. We have identified over 95 000 microsatellite loci and established a system comprising 10 highly polymorphic markers (PICvalue: 0.49–0.93, mean: 0.79) for an endangered species, saker falcon (Falco cherrug). These markers (except 1) were successfully amplified in 126 molted feathers, exhibiting high amplification success rates (83.9–99.7%), high quality index (0.90–0.97) and low allelic dropout rates (1–9.5%). To further assess the efficiency of this marker system in a population study, we identified individual sakers using these molted feathers (adult) and 146 plucked feathers (offspring). The use of parent and offspring samples enabled us to infer the genotype of missing samples (N= 28), and all adult genotypes were used to ascertain that breeding turnover is a useful proxy for survival estimation in sakers. Our study presents a cost‐effective tool for microsatellite isolation based on publicly available reference genomes and demonstrates the power of this tool in estimating key parameters of avian population dynamics.
Survival in spatially variable thermal environments: Consequences of induced thermal defense
Authors: DENNY Mark W. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAs Earth's climate warms, plants and animals are likely to encounter increased frequency and severity of extreme thermal events, and the ensuing destruction is likely to play an important role in structuring ecological communities. However, accurate prediction of the population‐scale consequences of extreme thermal events requires detailed knowledge of the small‐scale interaction between individual organisms and their thermal environment. In this study I propose a simple model that allows one to explore how individual‐to‐individual variation in body temperature and thermal physiology determines what fraction of a population will be killed by an extreme thermal event. The model takes into account the possibility that each individual plant or animal can respond to an event by adjusting its thermal tolerance in proportion to the stress it encounters. When thermal stress is relatively mild, the model shows that a graded physiological response of this sort leads to increased survivorship. However, the model predicts that in more severe events a proportional induced defense can actually reduce survivorship, a counterintuitive possibility that is not predicted by standard theory. The model can easily be tailored to different species and thermal environments to provide an estimate of when, where and how physiology can buffer the effects of climate warming.
A Framework to Develop Nationwide Flooding Extents Using Climate Models and Assess Forecast Potential for Flood Resilience
Authors: Selvanathan Sivasankkar , Sreetharan Mathini , Lawler Seth , Rand Krista , Choi Janghwoan , Mampara Mathew 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe methods used to simulate flood inundation extents can be significantly improved by high‐resolution spatial data captured over a large area. This paper presents a hydraulic analysis methodology and framework to estimate national‐level floodplain changes likely to be generated by climate change. The hydraulic analysis was performed using existing published Federal Emergency Management Agency 100‐year floodplains and estimated 100‐ and 10‐year return period peak flow discharges. The discharges were estimated using climate variables from global climate models for two future growth scenarios: Representative Concentration Pathways 2.6 and 8.5. River channel dimensions were developed based on existing regional United States Geological Survey publications relating bankfull discharges with channel characteristics. Mathematic relationships for channel bankfull topwidth, depth, and side slope to contributing drainage area measured at model cross sections were developed. The proposed framework can be utilized at a national level to identify critical areas for flood risk assessment. Existing hydraulic models at these “hot spots” could be repurposed for near–real‐time flood forecasting operations. Revitalizing these models for use in simulating flood scenarios in near–real time through the use of meteorological forecasts could provide useful information for first responders of flood emergencies.
Selection criteria for endovascular therapy for acute ischaemic stroke: Are patients missing out?
Authors: Maingard Julian , Churilov Leonid , Mitchell Peter , Dowling Richard , Yan Bernard 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIntroductionEndovascular clot retrieval (ECR) following intravenous thrombolysis is superior to intravenous thrombolysis alone for acute stroke with large vessel occlusion. However, trial selection criteria may exclude potentially salvageable patients. We investigated the impact of published selection criteria on the different proportions of patients excluded and clinical outcome.MethodsWe included patients with anterior circulation stroke treated with ECR from a single centre. Selection criteria from five trials (REVASCAT, EXTEND IA, MR CLEAN, SWIFT PRIME, ESCAPE) and American Stroke Association (ASA) guidelines were applied. We calculated the proportion of patient's ineligible for ECR according to different selection criteria. Clinical benefit and harm were quantified as the number of patients benefiting per 1 patient harmed (NB1H) for each of the 6 applied selection criteria.ResultsOne hundred and seventy‐eight patients were included. Mean age was 74 (SD 14) years, 60.1% were male, median baseline NIHSS was 17 (IQR 13–21). Patients were hypothetically excluded from ECR: REVASCAT 35.4%, EXTENDA IA 86%, SWIFT PRIME 86%, MR CLEAN 2.3%, ESCAPE 93.3% and ASA 29.2%. The NB1H for included and excluded patients respectively in decreasing order of magnitude: EXTEND IA >100 vs 3, ESCAPE >100 vs 3.4, SWIFT PRIME 10 vs 3.3, REVASCAT 4.4 vs 2.9, MR CLEAN 3.7 vs >100, and ASA 3.7 vs 3.9.ConclusionWe found that criteria from MR CLEAN, ASA and REVASCAT excluded the lowest proportion of patients with comparable NB1H. We believe that these criteria would be reasonable to be utilised for ECR selection.
Carboplatin plus pemetrexed for the elderly incurable chemo‐naive nonsquamous non–small cell lung cancer: Meta‐analysis
Authors: Ito Masaru , Horita Nobuyuki , Nagashima Akimichi , Kaneko Takeshi 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAimIn some developed countries, a proportion of nonsquamous non–small cell lung cancer (NSq NSCLC) patients are aged over 70 years when they are diagnosed. However, evidence of lung cancer chemotherapy usually comes from randomized controlled trials that only recruit younger patients with good performance status. In daily practice, less‐toxic carboplatin + pemetrexed regimen is often used for elderly patients, although this regimen is not sufficiently supported by rigid evidence for elderly cases.MethodsThe protocol was registered on PROSPERO website (42017058508). Any phase trial that evaluated the efficacy and safety of carboplatin + pemetrexed in the elderly (aged 70 or higher) was included. Binary data were meta‐analyzed with the random‐model generic inverse variance method. Median survival duration was pooled after logarithmic transformation.ResultsEight studies consisting of 285 patients were included among 882 articles that met the preliminary criteria. The pooled median overall survival and progression‐free survivals were 14.9 months (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 12.0–18.4) and 5.4 months (95% CI, 4.5–6.4), respectively. The pooled response rate was 34.0% (95% CI, 27.5–40.5). Hematological adverse events such as neutropenia (≥grade 3; 48.3%; 95% CI, 40.1–56.6), thrombocytopenia (≥grade 3; 27.9%; 95% CI, 15.8–39.9), and anemia (≥grade 3; 17.1%; 95% CI, 8.3–25.8) were frequently observed. However, febrile neutropenia (6.8%; 95% CI, 0.2–13.3), nausea (≥grade 3; 0%; 95% CI, 0.0–4.4%) and treatment‐related death (0.6%; 95% CI, 0–5.4%) were rare.ConclusionCarboplatin + pemetrexed can be a good option for the treatment of the elderly with NSq NSCLC.
The Impact of Mandatory IFRS Transition on Audit Effort and Audit Fees: Evidence from Korea
Authors: Nam Hye‐Jeong 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis study explores the impact of increased audit work on audit effort and audit fees. Specifically, it analyses whether the magnitude of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) adjustments affect audit hours and audit fees, and this relation varies depending on initial audit engagement. Using IFRS reconciliations and audit data in Korea, this paper provides evidence that audit hours as a proxy for audit effort is more closely associated with the level of audit work than audit fees. The study further documents that this finding is more pronounced for incumbent auditors. These findings suggest that increased audit work affects audit effort, and initial audit engagement has a negative impact not only on audit fees but also on audit hours. The findings of this paper should be of substantial interest to regulators, policy makers and financial managers who are interested in the cost of IFRS adoption.
Topical administration of regorafenib eye drops: phase I dose‐escalation study in healthy volunteers
Authors: Zimmermann Torsten , Höchel Joachim , Becka Michael , Boettger Michael K. , Rohde Beate , Schug Barbara , Kunert Kathleen S. , Donath Frank 
Published: January 2018

AimRegorafenib is a multikinase inhibitor under investigation for use in neovascular age‐related macular degeneration. In this phase I study, regorafenib eye drops were administered to healthy volunteers to provide information on safety, tolerability and systemic exposure.MethodsThis was a single‐centre, randomized, double‐masked, parallel‐group, dose‐escalation, placebo‐controlled study. Subjects received regorafenib eye drops (30 mg ml−1, 25 μl) as a 0.75 mg single dose (Cohort 1), 0.75 mg twice daily (bid) or thrice daily (tid) over 14 days (Cohorts 2 and 3, respectively), 1.5 mg tid unilaterally for 3 days, then bilaterally for up to 14 days (Cohort 4), or placebo. Plasma samples were taken to estimate systemic exposure. Safety and functional assessments were performed throughout the study.ResultsThirty‐six subjects received regorafenib and 12 received placebo. Regorafenib was safe and well tolerated over the dose range. No pathological changes occurred in the anterior, vitreous or posterior eye compartments. Mild eyelid redness, oedema and conjunctival hyperaemia were observed across all regorafenib cohorts; these were comparable with the effects seen with placebo. Predominant symptoms were blurred vision in the active and placebo groups. Systemic safety evaluations showed no clinically relevant findings. Absolute systemic exposure after multiple administrations of regorafenib eye drops at a dose of 0.75 mg was 600–700‐fold lower than after multiple oral administration of 160 mg day−1, the dose approved in cancer indications.ConclusionThese results indicate a favourable safety and tolerability profile of regorafenib eye drops up to 30 mg ml−1 tid for use in clinical studies.
Social Robots for Early Language Learning: Current Evidence and Future Directions
Authors: Kanero Junko , Geçkin Vasfiye , Oranç Cansu , Mamus Ezgi , Küntay Aylin C. , Göksun Tilbe 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn this article, we review research on child–robot interaction (CRI) to discuss how social robots can be used to scaffold language learning in young children. First we provide reasons why robots can be useful for teaching first and second languages to children. Then we review studies on CRI that used robots to help children learn vocabulary and produce language. The studies vary in first and second languages and demographics of the learners (typically developing children and children with hearing and communication impairments). We conclude that, although social robots are useful for teaching language to children, evidence suggests that robots are not as effective as human teachers. However, this conclusion is not definitive because robots that tutor students in language have not been evaluated rigorously and technology is advancing rapidly. We suggest that CRI offers an opportunity for research and list possible directions for that work.
Radiographic analysis of dental implant extensions using bone grafts on dogs
Authors: Cardoso Álida Lúcia , Lima Cirilo Antônio de Paula , Montebello Filho Agenor , Pereira Adriano Alves 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundDespite the wide use of dental implants they can bring inconveniences, as the moment one reaches osseointegration, these can no longer be extended. Therefore, if a problem occurs regarding its positioning, the options open are substitution or burial of the implant. With implant substitution, there exists the risk of local bone loss and/or future loss of the new implant.PurposeThis study proposes a new device (implant extender) for extending the dental implant. The feasibility of this technique is verified through installing dental implant extensions onto the humerus bone of dogs with autogenous bone grafts.Materials and MethodsImplants of 3.3 mm in diameter by 6 mm in length and implant extensions with a 3.3 mm diameter and 2.2 mm length were installed onto humerus of 4 healthy dogs, using an autogenous bone graft in a block made from ilium. The biomechanical percussion tests were performed on the implant extensions and then the implant‐extension sets were removed for radiographic analysis.ResultsIn the biomechanical percussion, none of the extensions present clinical mobility. As for the x‐rays, these were analyzed by 20 professionals, who concluded that there was a 100% success rate with bone formation around the implants, 74.1% for bone neoformation of the implant extensions, and 80.1% referring to the adaptation of the implant extension.Discussion and ConclusionBone formation occurred in every installed dental implant. In most cases, there occurred bone neoformation of the extensions and adaptation of the extension/implant set, according to the x‐ray analysis performed by the evaluators. An absence of clinical mobility in the extensions was also observed. Although the results were promising, these techniques still need to be researched in humans, as an alternative for reducing elongated prosthetic crowns or poorly installed implants, as well as the modification of the type of implants among other applications.
The caudal part of the posterior insula of rats participates in the maintenance but not the acquisition of morphine conditioned place preference
Authors: Sun Yong‐Mei , Chen Rong‐Xiang , Li Zhi‐Fei , Spijker Sabine , Zhai Rong‐Wei , Yang Shang‐Chuan 
Published: January 2018

SummaryThe heterogeneous insular cortex plays an interoceptive role in drug addiction by signaling the availability of drugs of abuse. Here, we tested whether the caudal part of the multisensory posterior insula (PI) stores somatosensory‐associated rewarding memories. Using Sprague Dawley rats as subjects, we first established a morphine‐induced conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm, mainly based on somatic cues. Secondly, an electrolytic lesion of the caudal portion of the PI was carried out before and after the establishment of CPP, respectively. Our data demonstrated that the caudal PI lesions disrupted the maintenance, but not the acquisition of morphine‐induced CPP. Lesion or subtle disruption of the PI had no major impact on locomotor activity. These findings indicate that the caudal portion of the PI might be involved in either the storage or the retrieval of morphine CPP memory.