bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of family stress with other psychosocial factors in female population 25–64 years in Russia: WHO program MONICA-psychosocial
Authors: Gafarov V. , Panov D. , Gromova E. , Gagulin I. , Gafarova A. 
Published: May 2016

AimTo explore association of family stress with other psychosocial factors in female population aged of 25–64 years in Russia.MethodsUnder the third screening of the WHO “MONICA-psychosocial” program random representative sample of women aged 25–64 years (n = 870) were surveyed in Novosibirsk. Questionnaire “Awareness and attitude towards the health” was used to estimate levels of family stress. Chi-square (χ2) was used for assessment of statistical significance.ResultsThe prevalence of high family stress level in women aged 25–64 years was 20.9%.High family stress was higher in age groups 25–34 years and 45–54 years: 27.6% and 30.5%, respectively. Among women with family stress, 58.7% had high level of trait's anxiety. Women with stress at family had high rate of major depression (11%). There were tendencies of higher prevalence of hostility and vital exhaustion in those with stress (41.1% and 27.4%, respectively). Among those in female population with stress at family, 60.6% had sleep disturbances. Social support like close contacts and social network tended to be lower in women with family stress: 59.1% and 80.3%, respectively. Rates of serious conflicts in family were more often in younger age groups and reached 48.6%. In women aged 25–34 years, 54.9% have no possibilities to have a rest at home after usual working day (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe prevalence of high stress in family in female population aged 25–64 years is more than 20% in Russia. High family stress closely associated with anxiety, major depression, high hostility and vital exhaustion, poor sleep and low social support.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Oxidative stress – A promising candidate in explaining the neurobiology of autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Bækgaard Thorsen M. , Bilenberg N. , Benedikz E. , Fex Svenningsen Å. , Munk-Jørgensen P. , Sheldrick-Michel T. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionThe diagnoses of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are based on a phenotype, characterized by impaired social interaction and communication and by repetitive and restricted interests. However, this might not represent a single clinical entity, but a behavioral manifestation of different neurodevelopmental deficits with a multifactorial etiology. Small studies have shown elevated levels of oxidative stress and lower levels of anti-oxidants in patients with ASD, and correlations with the severity of ASD. Therapies targeting oxidative stress have shown improvements regarding behavior, social interaction and verbal communication in patients with ASD, supporting the oxidative stress theory.ObjectivesTo evaluate the importance of oxidative stress in the neurobiology of adults with ASD.AimsThere is a need to understand the neurobiology of ASD, therefore this study analyzes the level of oxidative stress in a larger cohort of patients with ASD and compares to controls.MethodsThe study includes 350 patients over 18 years of age diagnosed with ICD-10 diagnoses F84.0, F84.1, F84.5 or F84.8 and compared to gender and age matched neurotypical controls. The included probands will have their serum and plasma analyzed for levels of oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase 1 and 2, catalase, glutathioneperoxidase, malonialdehyde, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and xanthinoxidase).ResultsThe preliminary results will be presented at the EPA in March 2016 in Madrid.ConclusionWith this study we aim to elucidate some of the neurobiology in ASD. This could lead to new potential targets for treatment and prevention of the disorders.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Agreement and equation between Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) in an old age psychiatry outpatient clinic population
Authors: Adamis D. , Helmi L. , Fitzpatrick O. , Meagher D. , McCarthy G. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionBoth MMSE and MoCA are two widely used cognitive screening test. Comparison of the two tests has been done in specific populations (Parkinson) but not in general elderly psychiatric populations. In research, equating methodologies has been used to compare results among studies that use different scales, which measure the same construct.AimsTo explore their level of agreement within a particular clinical setting.Objectives(a) To find MoCA and MMSE agreement. (b) To derive a conversion formula between the two scales and test it in a random population of similar setting.MethodsProspective study of consecutive community dwelling older patients who attend outpatient clinic or day hospital. Both tests were administered from the same researcher the same day in random order.ResultsThe total sample (n = 135) was randomly divided in two. One from where the equating rule derived (n = 70) and a second (n = 65) in which the derived conversion was tested. Agreement of the two scales (Pearson's r) was 0.86 (P < 0.001), and Lin's Concordance Correlation Coefficient (CCC) was 0.57 (95% CI 0.45–0.66). In the second sample, we convert the MoCA scores to MMSE scores according to equating rule from the first sample and after we examined the agreement between the converted MMSE scores and the originals. The Pearson's r was 0.89 (n = 65, P < 0.001) and the CCC 0.88 (95% CI 0.82–0.92).ConclusionsAlthough the two scales overlap considerably, the agreement is modest. The conversion rule derived showed promising accuracy in this population but need further testing in other populations.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
First psychiatric hospitalization in patients older than 65 years
Authors: Ballesteros J. , Uría A. , Rico P. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionMedical assistance for elderly people with mental health problems increases at the same time that life expectancy does.ObjectivesThe aim of this work is to describe several demographic and clinical characteristics of elderly patients admitted for the first time to an acute inpatient psychiatry unit.MethodsObservational, descriptive, and retrospective study from June 2013 to May 2015, where it is analysed patients older than 65 years admitted to the acute psychiatric ward of Hospital de Getafe in that period without psychiatric hospitalization in their personal background.ResultsSeventeen patients were included of a total of 428 patients admitted in that period (3.97%). Mean age: 70.7 ± 4.7. A total of 10 male (58.9%). The average stay in the studied group was 18.5 days, slightly lower than general average stay in that period (19.2 days). No psychiatric background was found in 4 patients. The most common diagnoses was depressive episode (5 patients) followed by manic episode (4 patients) and delusional disorder. Every of them but one, were taking at least one antipsychotic drug at discharge.ConclusionsElderly patients represent a low percentage of the total of patients admitted to an acute inpatient psychiatry unit. Many of them, despite having long-term ambulatory psychiatric follow-up, require a first psychiatric hospitalization after 65 years, as well as other patients begin their treatment in the mental health services in that hospitalization. It is noteworthy that antipsychotic drugs are used very commonly in those patients.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Delirium related distress in family: A non-systematic review
Authors: Martins S. , Fernandes L. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionDelirium is a common neuropsychiatric syndrome, particularly in elderly hospitalized patients, and is associated with an increase in morbidity and mortality. Although these negative consequences are well documented, only a few studies describe the experience of delirium from the families’ perspective.AimsTo analyze studies regarding the experience and distress caused by delirium in the families/caregivers of adult/elderly hospitalized patients.MethodsA non-systematic review of published articles until October 2015 in the database PubMed was carried out. The keyword “Delirium” was combined with: “experience”, “distress”, “anxiety” and “family”, “carer” and “relatives”. Inclusion criteria were: standardized diagnosis of delirium, systematic/prospective assessment of distress level. Clinical cases were excluded.ResultsSixteen studies met the inclusion criteria for analysis. In most of them, family members (mostly younger) showed high levels of distress, even higher than health care professionals and patients. Several predictors of family distress were found, including poor functional status, psychomotor agitation, delusions, emotional lability, incoherent speech, inattention and disorientation. Higher distress was associated with long-term consequences (e.g. generalized anxiety). In the qualitative research, family members interpreted delirium as a sign of approaching death, result of pain/discomfort or an effect of medication. In addition, distress was associated with rapid and unexpected changes or unable to recognize the loved ones.ConclusionsDelirium in patients was associated with significant distress in family members. These findings underline the importance of providing information and the development of appropriate supportive and psychoeducational interventions in order to help families throughout this process and reduce the associated distress. This work is supported by FCT (SFRH/BPD/103306/2014).Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
A proactive geriatric liaison service to assess and manage medical problems on old age psychiatry wards
Authors: Narayana U. , Corrado O.J. , Kaur S. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionOlder people with mental ill health are more likely to receive lower quality of healthcare, inappropriate prescriptions and reduced access to services, leading to increased rates of mortality1,2,3. The NHS mandate 2015 to 2016 emphasises the need to deliver care, which is joined up and seamless for users of services4.Aims and objectivesTo identify the common medical comorbidities on the Old Age Psychiatry Wards and to assess the management outcomes.MethodsWe audited all patients referred to the Liaison Geriatrician from 2008 to October 2015 from the Mount Hospital Leeds, which consists of 4 Old Age Psychiatry Wards. Data was collected in October 2015 and included referral date, patients’ age and sex, number of referrals, reason for referral and the outcome.ResultsWe assessed 339 (142 F, 197 M) patients with a mean age of 77 (range: 56–94). Cardiovascular problems were the biggest group of referrals (in particular oedema, hypotension and rhythm disturbances) (34%) followed by central nervous system problems (11%), respiratory (8%), gastrointestinal (8%) and infection (8%). Some unusual problems were diagnosed including a spontaneous pneumothorax, primary biliary cirrhosis. The most common intervention was advice on treatment or investigation, very few patients needed acute admission and some unnecessary admissions were aborted as a result of the physician's intervention.ConclusionsThis audit emphasises the need for a joint coordinated approach between psychiatry and medicine in managing health problems in older people. A dedicated Geriatric Liaison service can improve care, avoid unnecessary acute admissions and is more convenient for patients who would otherwise attend repeated outpatient appointments.References are not available for this abstract.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Depression, physical illness and mortality in a Spanish community-dwelling elderly people
Authors: Olivera-Pueyo J. , Benabarre-Ciria S. , Lorente-Aznar T. , Rodríguez-Torrente M. , Pelegrín-Valero C. , Acín-Sampietro A. , Aguaviva-Bascuñana J. , Alastrué-Pinilla C. , Alcubierre-Cura J. 
Published: May 2016

ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to investigate the association between depression, physical factors and mortality in elderly people living in the community.MethodsProspective longitudinal multicenter study for 5 years. Cohort of 293 people aged 65 years and older living in the province of Huesca (Spain). Individual face-to-face interviews and with appropriate caregiver. The following information was collected:– demographic data;– psychosocial factors: sex, age, education, marital status, live-in family members, social relationships, life events;– physical factors: severity of physical illness, comorbidity (Cumlative Illness Rating Scale);– psychiatric factors: cognitive function (Spanish version of Mini-Mental State Examination), depression (Geriatric Depression Scale), diagnostic criteria according DSM-IV-TR.Statistical analyses:– a bivariate analysis;– a multivariate analysis. Cox regression model (explanatory variables).ResultsTwo hundred ninety-three participants, simple representative of people aged 65 years old or more in province of Huesca (Spain). Monitored 5 years follow-up study. Sixty-four people died (21.8%), annual mortality rate: 5.3%. Depression: 66 people (22.5%), (32.2% women, 13.3% men). Cognitive impairment: 51 people (17.4%). Bivariate: factors associated (P < 0.005) with mortality: functional impairment, living in nursing home, sensorial impairment, polypharmacy, severe physical illness and psychiatric comorbidity: depression (34.8 vs 18.1%), cognitive impairment (49.1 vs 15.8%). Association between some factors and mortality was nullified after multivariate statistical model; the case for depression (Hazard Ratio: 1.1), cognitive impairment (HR: 1.2) or functional impairment (HR: 1.3).ConclusionsDepression and cognitive impairment are associated with mortality in elderly community living people in bivariate analysis, therefore, this association disappears after multivariate analysis. Severity physical illness seems to nullify the effect of other variables, such as depressive symptomatology.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Abnormal Stroop-related event related potentials in patients with late onset depression in remission period
Authors: Pišljar M. , Pirtošek Z. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionDepression in late life follows a relapsing course and it has been related to impaired cognitive control. Information processing speed, memory and executive abilities are most frequently impaired.ObjectivesCognitive changes are difficult to confirm during depressive episode, as signs of both disorders largely overlap. Therefore, it makes more sense to assess cognition after a remission has been reached. Electrophysiology may be particularly convenient as a tool in such studies, as it can separate central cognitive processing from the motor processing.AimsThe study of cognition was focused on executive function and speed of information processing. It was measured with Stroop-related event related potentials (ERPs) and reaction times (RTs) in a modified computer version of the Stroop test which is highly sensitive to frontal functions.MethodsThirty-four patients with late-onset depression were included after they had reached remission. They were compared to twenty-four age-, gender- and education-matched healthy controls. Each participant completed a single item computer version of the Stroop task using verbal response mode. EEG and RT were simultaneously recorded.ResultsRevealed abnormal late positive Stroop-related potentials in the period of about 500–600 ms period corresponding to the latency of the so-called P300b wave.ConclusionStudy supports the view that patients with late onset depression are also cognitively impaired and that this impairment persists in the period of early remission. Using more sensitive ERP measurement of the Stroop task, we demonstrated impaired information processing at an earlier, pre-response related stage.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Patients with anxiety disorders: Pathways of care and their outcomes in Germany – A secondary data analysis
Authors: Kowitz S. , Zielasek J. , Gaebel W. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionAnxiety disorders are among the most common mental disorders in Germany. Different sectors and disciplines participate in mental healthcare of these patients, but there is a lack of empirical evidence of the treatment outcomes in different settings.ObjectivesThe study focuses on analyzing the care pathways of patients with anxiety disorders and the effects of such pathways on critical events like sick leave, early retirement and mortality.AimsThe analysis aims at developing recommendations for optimizing treatment with a view to minimize the rate of occurrence of critical events during the care pathway.MethodsSecondary data of three statutory health insurance companies and of the German Pension Funds of the years 2005–2007. The analyses are based on 744,742 persons with at least one diagnosis of an anxiety disorder.ResultsThe analyses reveal a low rate of changes between primary and specialized care. There was a high number of care pathways (n = 2.608).The most common type was care by primary care physicians/somatic specialists only (60.5% of patients), followed by a treatment by a psychiatrist only (9.5%). Patients, who were only treated by general practitioners/somatic specialists, had significantly lower rates of sick leave and early retirement. This may indicate that cases with more favourable prognoses are found with this care pathway.ConclusionsAnalyses of care pathways using secondary data can contribute to identify potential for optimizing mental health care services and provide information about intersectoral interface problems, which should be considered in the quality management of mental healthcare.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Factors affecting restraint practices in psychiatric inpatient units: A sample from a mental health hospital in Turkey
Authors: Ceri U. Ozer , Uzun U. , Sancak B. , Ceri V. , Ozen S. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionNew guidelines aimed to minimize restraint in psychiatry clinics due to ethical reasons.ObjectivesFurther studies investigating factors affecting the decision of restraint and its potential benefits and harms are needed.AimsWe aimed to determine current rates of restraint in psychiatric clinics and sociodemographic/clinical variables which may be related with restraint practices.MethodsThe study was conducted in 64-bed male and 28-bed female psychiatric inpatient units, between March 1–May 31 2015. Sociodemographic and clinical data forms were completed using case files and restraint records.ResultsIn a total number of 481 inpatients (351 males, 130 females), number of restrained patients was 98 (20.3%) (90 (25.7%) males, 8 (6.2%) females). There was no significant difference in sociodemographic characteristics between restrained and unrestrained patients, but duration of the illness and electroconvulsive therapy rates were significantly different. Substance abuse (44.4%) was higher in restrained male patients. Also, restraint rates were higher in patients having a diagnosis of substance-related disorder compared to other diagnoses. Restraints occurred most commonly in the first day (48%) of hospitalization.ConclusionsThe studies carried out in psychiatric hospitals suggested major differences in the rates and types of restraints among different countries and institutions. In our study, a higher restraint rate is obtained compared to other studies. Consistently with the literature, substance abuse was higher in restrained patients, and restraints occurred most commonly in the first day of hospitalization. Many factors including substance abuse should be considered to reduce restraint rates, which are still quite high in mental health hospitals in Turkey.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Domiciliary care service in psychiatry – Impact on hospital admissions and follow up in patients with bipolar and schizophrenia disorders
Authors: Sobreira G. , Gomes F. , Capeto Coelho I. , Oliveira J. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionSeveral community psychiatry projects have been developed in Lisbon; nevertheless, there are patients whose needs are not fulfilled by the existing structures. For this reason, our institution created a domiciliary care unit (PreTrarCa).ObjectivesTo assess if this program has an impact in admission rates, length of stay and follow-up appointments.AimsTo improve the quality of care provided by PreTrarCA.MethodsAll active patients followed by PreTrarCA in 2015 were selected (n = 90); only those with F20 and F31 (ICD-10) diagnoses, admitted to the program after 2013, and who had information regarding duration of illness were chosen (n = 21). A control group with similar characteristics (age, gender, ICD-10 diagnosis, disease duration) was paired to our sample. Information concerning social/demographic data, disease duration, hospital admissions and appointments, before and after the patients started the program was retrospectively collected. All data and statistical analyses were performed via SPSS program.ResultsOur patients were mostly female (n = 12); mean age 54,92; 10 and 11 had F-20 and F-31 diagnosis respectively. The test patients had fewer admissions (P = 0.027). No statistical significance was found concerning number of appointments, missed appointments or length of stay, between the groups before or after the patients had started the program.ConclusionsResults suggest that domiciliary care may reduce costs associated with mental health care due to a decrease in admission rates. Our sample was paired to a similar group, which can account for the similar length of stay in both groups. Further studies should take into account other confounding variables.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Neuroimaging correlates of insight in obsessive compulsive disorder: A fMRI study
Authors: Gadad A. , Reddy D.Y.C.J. , Venkatasubramanian D.G. , C.N. D.J. 
Published: May 2016

Aim of the studyTo study the neural substrates of insight in OCD by comparing patients with good insight, patients with poor insight and matched healthy controls using functional MRI.MethodologySubjects were recruited from among patients attending OCD clinic, adult psychiatry services and psychiatry ward inpatients of National Institute of Mental Health And Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore. They were further divided into ‘good insight’ (n = 30) and ‘poor insight’ (n = 14) using Brown's assessment of belief's scale. Control subjects (n = 30) were recruited from consenting volunteers. 3 T MRI was used, mental rotation task was paradigm used for fMRI and analysis was done by SPM 8.ResultsPoor insight patients and Ggood insight patients comparison revealed differential activation in Left superior/Medial frontal gyrus (corresponding to the DLPFC). A negative correlation between BABS score and activation of right inferior parietal lobule. Mental Rotation task behavioural data results: OCD patients as a group had significantly lower accuracy compared to healthy controls. Poor insight group had significantly decreased accuracy ratio compared to Good insight group and healthy controls. A negative correlation was noted between BABS score and accuracy ratio, indicating that poorer the insight, greater the errors during the active task.ConclusionInsight has been important prognostic factor in OCD. Poor insight patients had specific deficits in left medial frontal gyrus and right inferior parietal lobule as compared to good insight patients and healthy controls. Together, these indicate that insight has a strong neurobiological underpinning in OCD.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.