bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Basic Principles of Extremity Joint Mobilization Using a Kaltenborn Approach
Authors: Mangus Brent C. , Hoffman Laura A. , Hoffman Mark A. , Altenburger Peter 
Published: August 2016

Context:Knowledge and understanding of the principles and applications of joint-mobilization techniques are becoming commonplace for entry-level certified athletic trainers.Data Sources:Various textbooks written on this topic.Data Synthesis:The authors collected information from commonly used textbooks on joint mobilization in both athletic training and physical therapy curriculums.Conclusion:Undoubtedly, before using joint mobilization, the clinician should demonstrate mastery-level understanding of joint biomechanics, application principles, and indications and contra-indications. This article provides basic information on the principles of joint mobilization.
Relationship between Maximum Strength and Relative Endurance for the Empty-Can Exercise
Authors: Walker Martha , Sussman Donald , Tamburello Michael , VanLunen Bonnie , Dowling Elizabeth , Jamali Beth Ernst 
Published: August 2016

Context:A strength-endurance diagram predicts that a person should be able to perform 30 repetitions of an exercise if the resistance level is 60% of 1-repetition maximum (1RM).Objective:To compare the number of repetitions predicted by the diagram with recorded repetitions of a shoulder exercise.Design:Single-group comparison with a standard.Setting:University.Participants:34 healthy adults (20 women, 14 men) with a mean age of 29 years (range 20–49).Main Outcome Measures:The number of repetitions that subjects could perform in good form of a shoulder exercise with resistance of 60% 1RM.Results:The mean number of repetitions was 21 (± 3, range 15–28), which was significantly different than the 30 repetitions that the diagram predicted.Conclusions:The strength-endurance diagram did not accurately predict the number of repetitions of a shoulder exercise that subjects could perform.
Weight-Bearing and Non-Weight-Bearing Knee-Joint Reposition Sense and Functional Performance
Authors: Drouin Joshua M. , Houglum Peggy A. , Perrin David H. , Gansneder Bruce M. 
Published: August 2016

Objective:To determine the relationship between weight-bearing (WB) and non-weight-bearing (NWB) joint reposition sense (JRS) and a functional hop test (FH) and to compare performance on these parameters between athletes and nonathletes.Design:Repeated-measures ANOVA and Pearson correlations.Setting:Research laboratory.Participants:40 men (age = 20.8 ± 1.7 y; ht = 176.9 ± 5.8 cm; wt = 82.6 ± 9.5 kg): 20 lacrosse players and 20 nonathletes.Main Outcome Measures:Ability to actively reproduce 30° of knee flexion in the WB and NWB conditions and functional performance on a single-leg crossover-hop test.Results:No significant correlations were observed between JRS and FH in athletes and nonathletes. No significant differences were observed between athletes and nonathletes in JRS. All participants were significantly more accurate at WB than at NWB JRS.Conclusions:There appears to be no relationship between WB or NWB JRS and functional performance, regardless of one’s physical activity level
Rehabilitation After Oswestry Autologous-Chondrocyte Implantation: The OsCell Protocol
Authors: Bailey Andrea , Goodstone Nicola , Roberts Sharon , Hughes Jane , Roberts Simon , van Niekerk Louw , Richardson James , Rees Dai 
Published: August 2016

Objective:To develop a postoperative rehabilitation protocol for patients receiving autologous-chondrocyte implantation (ACI) to repair articular-cartilage defects of the knee.Data Sources:careful review of both basic science and clinical literature, personal communication with colleagues dealing with similar cases, and the authors’ experience and expertise in rehabilitating numerous patients with knee pathologies, injuries, and trauma.Data Synthesis:Postoperative rehabilitation of the ACI patient plays a critical role in the outcome of the procedure. The goals are to improve function and reduce discomfort by focusing on 3 key elements: weight bearing, range of motion, and strengthening.Conclusions:The authors present 2 flexible postoperative protocols to rehabilitate patients after an ACI procedure to the knee.
Cognitive Appraisals, Stress, and Coping: Preinjury and Postinjury Factors Influencing Psychological Adjustment to Sport Injury
Authors: Albinson Courtney B. , Petrie Trent A. 
Published: August 2016

Objectives:To examine the relationships among preinjury and postinjury stress, coping, personality, mood state, and rehabilitation adherence.Design:Participants completed measures of preinjury life-event stress, social-support satisfaction, dispositional optimism, and mood state. Injured athletes completed postinjury measures of mood state, coping methods, and cognitive appraisals of stress and coping ability 1, 4, 7, 14, and 28 days postinjury. Their athletic trainer completed a measure of rehabilitation adherence on those days.Participants:84 college football players including 19 injured athletes.Results:Negative-life-event stress predicted postinjury mood disturbance, which was positively related with appraisals. Appraisals were related to greater avoidance coping at day 7, greater active behavioral coping at days 14 and 28, and less active cognitive coping at day 28. Active behavioral coping was associated with greater mood disturbance, and active cognitive coping and avoidance coping were inversely related.Conclusions:Results support cognitive-appraisal models of sport injury and dynamic views of coping with injury.
Windlass Taping Technique for Symptomatic Relief of Plantar Fasciitis
Authors: Jamali Beth , Walker Martha , Hoke Brian , Echternach John 
Published: August 2016

Context:Windlass taping is used to reduce pain in plantar fasciitis and thought to take stress off the plantar fascia.Objective:To investigate the effects of windlass taping.Design:Single group, repeated measures.Setting:Outpatient physical therapy clinics.Patients:20 subjects with plantar fasciitis.Intervention:Windlass taping technique.Main Outcome Measures:Pretaping and posttaping measures included pain levels using a visual analog scale (VAS), resting-stance calcaneal position, tibial position, and navicular height. Fifteen also reported a VAS after wearing the tape for 24 h.Results:Median VAS score 37 mm pretape and 6 mm immediately posttape and 24 h later. Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed ranks test significant (P = .001) for reduction in pain scores. Paired t tests significant (P = .01) for a difference between means of pretaping and posttaping measurements for resting-stance positions.Conclusions:Windlass taping decreased pain in patients with plantar fasciitis and caused small changes in resting-stance positions.
Performance in Static, Dynamic, and Clinical Tests of Postural Control in Individuals with Recurrent Ankle Sprains
Authors: Nakagawa Lyn , Hoffman Mark 
Published: August 2016

Objective:To evaluate postural control in individuals with recurrent ankle sprains with static, dynamic, and clinical balance tests and to examine the relationships between performances in each of these tests.Design:Postural control was evaluated with 3 different balance tests in individuals with and without recurrent ankle sprains.Participants:19 volunteers with recurrent ankle sprains and 19 uninjured control subjects.Interventions:None.Setting:University sports-medicine research laboratory.Main Outcome Measures:Total excursion of the center of pressure (COP) was calculated for the static and dynamic balance tests. Total reach distance was measured for the Star Excursion Balance Test.Results:Subjects with recurrent ankle sprains demonstrated significantly greater excursion of the COP in both the static and dynamic balance tests. Correlations between performances in all tests were very low.Conclusions:Recurrent ankle sprains might be associated with reduced postural control as demonstrated by decreased performance in static and dynamic balance tests.
Parallel Reliability of Lumbar-Flexion Measurements
Authors: Vieira Edgar R. , Coury Helenice J.C.G. 
Published: August 2016

Context:Research and clinical recordings of lumbar flexion demand practicable and precise methodology for quantifying variations.Objective:To describe and evaluate the parallel reliability of 2 methods of measuring lumbar fexion—perpendicular stick markers (SM) and the distanciometer (DM)—using an electrogoniometer (EGM) as reference.Design:Parallel measurement for reliability.Setting:Laboratory.Participants:25 healthy men.Intervention:Simultaneous measure of lumbar flexion at preestablished positions (0°, 15°, 30°, and 45°).Outcome Measures:Data from SM and DM, recorded simultaneously.Results:High parallel reliability was found when comparing the EGM data with the SM (r = .997; measurement error: 0.6° ± 0.7°; no differences: t-test P = .260) and with the DM (r = .962; measurement error: 2.8° ± 1.9°; no differences: t-test P = .973).Conclusions:Considering the reliability, practicability, and low cost of the described methods, they can be regarded as applicable and useful.
Certified Athletic Trainers’ Management of Emergencies
Authors: Biddington Carol , Popovich Mary , Kupczyk Noel , Roh Joni 
Published: August 2016

Context:Certified athletic trainers (ATCs) must be able to manage sport-related emergencies.Objective:To report emergency medical services (EMS) directors’ perception of how ATCs manage emergencies and ATCs’ comfort level in managing them.Design:2 descriptive questionnaires.Participants:EMS directors (n = 64) were asked about their perceptions of ATCs’ ability to handle emergencies. ATCs (n = 224) identified their comfort level with handling emergencies.Results:EMS directors who had preseason meetings with ATCs had a significantly better perception of the ATCs’ ability to handle emergencies than did those who did not have preseason meetings. ATCs with advanced certifications (emergency medical technician-basic, emergency medical technician-paramedic, and automated external defibrillator) were more comfortable handling emergencies than those without.Conclusions:EMS directors and ATCs revealed that ATCs could manage most emergencies that might arise in athletic activities. ATCs had a higher perception of their own ability to manage emergency situations than did the EMS directors.
Anterior-Cruciate-Ligament Reconstruction Using Doubled Hamstring-Tendon Autograft
Authors: Hasebe Yoshiko , Tanabe Yoshie , Yasuda Kazunori 
Published: August 2016

Context:Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with doubled hamstring autograft might not sufficiently improve fundamental sports abilities of patients with ACL-deficient knees.Objective:To clarify whether ACL reconstruction using the hamstring graft can improve fundamental sports abilities.Design:Patients were examined twice, preoperatively and 2 years postoperatively, using the conventional evaluation scales and performance tests.Participants:15 athletic patients with ACL reconstruction using hamstring autograft.Measurements:A stairs-run test and figure-8 one-leg hop test. Muscle strength and knee stability were measured with Cybex® II and KT-2000® arthrometers, respectively.Results:There were no significant differences between the preoperative and postoperative results in the performance tests. The degree of postoperative recovery in the subjective score, the anterior translation of the tibia, and the isokinetic muscle strength was not significantly correlated with the degree of restoration in each performance test.Conclusions:Postoperative restoration as measured by conventional evaluation scales is not correlated with restoration of sports abilities in patients with ACL insufficiency.
Comparison of Knee-Joint Moments in Male and Female College Soccer Players during a Single-Leg Landing
Authors: Garrison J. Craig , Hart Joe M. , Palmieri Riann M. , Kerrigan D. Casey , Ingersoll Christopher D. 
Published: August 2016

Context:Although kinematic analyses are helpful in describing movement differences between genders, kinetic data might further explain the predisposing factors contributing to potential injury during athletic landing maneuvers.Objective:To determine whether there are differences in knee moments between male and female varsity college soccer players during a single-leg landing.Design:Preexperimental with static group comparison.Setting:Motion-analysis laboratory.Participants:16 varsity college soccer players (8 men, 8 women).Intervention:Subjects performed 5 single-leg landings from a height of 60 cm.Main Outcome Measures:Peak internal rotation, valgus, varus, and extension knee moments calculated from raw ground-reaction forces and kinematic data.Results:Significant gender differences were present (P = .020), with men exhibiting 31% greater mean peak knee-varus moments than women when landing on a single leg from 60 cm (P = .020).Conclusions:Male soccer players demonstrate greater knee-varus moments than female soccer players during single-leg landing. This might be valuable in designing clinical treatment and prevention programs for ACL injuries.
Pain Perception during Repeated Ice-Bath Immersion of the Ankle at Varied Temperatures
Authors: Galvan Haydee G. , Tritsch Amanda J. , Tandy Richard , Rubley Mack D. 
Published: August 2016

Context:Ice-bath temperatures range from 1 to 15ºC; the pain response during treatment might be temperature specific.Objective:To determine levels of perceived pain during ice-bath immersion at distinct temperatures.Design:2 (sex) × 3 (temperature) × 9 (treatment time).Setting:Athletic training research laboratory.Participants:32 healthy subjects.Intervention:Ankle immersion in 1, 10, and 15°C ice baths for 20 minutes.Main Outcome Measures:Discomfort measured by the Borg scale of perceived pain at immersion for 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 15, and 20 minutes.Results:The magnitude of pain felt depended on treatment temperature (F18,522 = 11.65, P < .0001). Pain ratings were 43% higher for 1ºC than 10ºC and 70% higher than 15ºC, and ratings at 10ºC were 46% higher than at 15ºC.Conclusions:Pain depends on treatment temperature. Patients might report inconsistent pain ratings with varying temperature.
Strength Values of Shoulder Internal and External Rotators in Elite Volleyball Players
Authors: van Cingel Robert , Kleinrensink Gertjan , Stoeckart Rob , Aufdemkampe Geert , de Bie Rob , Kuipers Harm 
Published: August 2016

Objective:To determine concentric shoulder external-internal rotator strength, dominant and non-dominant shoulder differences and agonist/antagonist ratios.Design:A transversal study of isokinetic dynamometry of healthy shoulders, 95% confidence intervals are presented.Participants:35 asymptomatic elite, male volleyball players.Measurements:Peak torque normalized for body weight was recorded at 60, 180, and 300°/sec. with a Cybex 6000 dynamometer.Results:(1) internal rotators were significantly stronger than external rotators of the same shoulder; (2) internal rotators of the dominant arm were significantly stronger than of the non-dominant arm; (3) no difference existed between external rotators of the dominant and the non-dominant arm; (4) external–internal rotator ratios of the dominant arm were significantly lower than of the non-dominant arm; and (5) no differences were found between the ratios of each arm separately.Conclusions:Data presented are important for interpreting isokinetic shoulder rotator strength tests in elite volleyball players and could be relevant in rehabilitation and prevention of shoulder injuries.
Quantifying Bilateral Joint Contributions during Three Variations of the Step Exercise
Authors: Flanagan Sean P. , Kessans Kara M. , Salem George J. 
Published: August 2016

Context:Information regarding how the mechanical demand differs with variants of the step exercise may be used by clinicians to more appropriately prescribe lower-extremity exercise.Objective:To quantify the joint torque contributions of the lower extremity during three different step exercises: forward step-up (FS), lateral step-up (LS), and step-down (SD).Design:An experiment with a repeated measures design.Setting:Biomechanics laboratory.Participants:18 healthy subjects (9 men, 9 women, age 25.67 ± 4.23 years, height 1.73 ± 0.10 meters, mass 72.73 ± 10.67 kilograms).Intervention:Participants performed three sets of three repetitions of each exercise while instrumented for biomechanical analysis.Main Outcome Measure:Mechanical effort of the hip, knee, and ankle of both limbs during each exercise.Results:The greatest contribution from the hip was required during the FS, while the contribution from the knee was required during the SD. The greatest contribution from the ankle was required during the LS and SD.Conclusion:Choice of step exercise results in different distributions of mechanical demand across the lower extremities.
Ultrasound Heating Is Curvilinear in Nature and Varies between Transducers from the Same Manufacturer
Authors: Demchak Timothy J. , Straub Stephen J. , Johns Lennart D. 
Published: August 2016

Context:Ultrasound heating rates are known to differ between various manufacturers; it is unknown whether this difference exists within a manufacturer.Objective:Determine if intramuscular heating differences exist between transducers from the same manufacturer.Study Design:3 × 10 repeated measures. Independent variables were Transducer (A, B, and C) and Time (10-min time points during the treatment).Setting:Controlled laboratory.Participants:Twelve volunteers (M = 4, F = 8; age: 23 ± 4 years; calf-girth: 37.94 ± 4.16 cm; calf-skinfold: 27 ± 17 mm).Intervention:Three 10-min 1MHz continuous ultrasound treatments performed at an intensity of 1.2 W/cm2, over an area 2x transducer.Main Outcome Measures:Calf temperature increase.Results:Heating curve generated for each transducer were significantly different (P = .034) but the overall temperature increases following 10 minutes of treatment were within 0.1°C (F = 1.023 P = .573).Conclusion:Heating curves differ between transducers from the same manufacturer but peak heating at 10 minutes was similar.
Acute Stretch Perception Alteration Contributes to the Success of the PNF “Contract-Relax” Stretch
Authors: Mitchell Ulrike H. , Myrer J. William , Hopkins J. Ty , Hunter Iain , Feland J. Brent , Hilton Sterling C. 
Published: August 2016

Context:Some researchers have suggested that an alteration of stretch perception could be responsible for the success of the contract-relax (CR) stretch, a stretch technique derived from proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF).Objective:This study was conducted to determine if the alteration of the stretch perception is a possible explanation for the range of motion (ROM) gains of the CR stretch.Participants:Eighteen subjects performed two stretches in randomized order: the slow stretch and the CR stretch.Main Outcome Measure:The stretch intensity was controlled. The stretch force was measured and compared between the slow stretch and CR stretch.Results:There was a significant difference between the stretch force that could be applied in the PNF stretch (126.0 N) and the slow stretch (108.4 N); P = 0.00086. The average stretch tolerance progressively increased with successive trials from 120.6 N in the first trial to 132.4 N in the fourth trial.Conclusion:The alteration of stretch perception plays a role in the success of the CR form of PNF stretching. At least four repetitions of the CR stretch are recommended to get the greatest ROM gain.
Recovery and Return to Activity Following Exertional Heat Stroke: Considerations for the Sports Medicine Staff
Authors: McDermott Brendon P. , Casa Douglas J. , Yeargin Susan W. , Ganio Matthew S. , Armstrong Lawrence E. , Maresh Carl M. 
Published: August 2016

Objective:To describe the current scientific evidence of recovery and return to activity following exertional heat stroke (EHS).Data Sources:Information was collected using MEDLINE and SPORTDiscus databases in English using combinations of key words, exertional heat stroke, recovery, rehabilitation, residual symptoms, heat tolerance, return to activity, and heat illness.Study Selection:Relevant peer-reviewed, military, and published text materials were reviewed.Data Extraction:Inclusion criteria were based on the article’s coverage of return to activity, residual symptoms, or testing for long-term treatment. Fifty-two out of the original 554 sources met these criteria and were included in data synthesis.Data Synthesis:The recovery time following EHS is dependent on numerous factors, and recovery length is individually based and largely dependent on the initial care provided.Conclusion:Future research should focus on developing a structured return-to-activity strategy following EHS.
Return to Activity Considerations in a Football Player Predisposed to Exertional Heat Illness: A Case Study
Authors: Coris Eric Emmanuel , Walz Stephen , Konin Jeff , Pescasio Michele 
Published: August 2016

Context:Heat illness is the third leading cause of death in athletics and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in exercising athletes. Once faced with a case of heat related illness, severe or mild, the health care professional is often faced with the question of when to reactivate the athlete for competitive sport. Resuming activity without modifying risk factors could lead to recurrence of heat related illness of similar or greater severity. Also, having had heat illness in and of itself may be a risk factor for future heat related illness. The decision to return the athlete and the process of risk reduction is complex and requires input from all of the components of the team. Involving the entire sports medicine team often allows for the safest, most successful return to play strategy. Care must be taken once the athlete does begin to return to activity to allow for re-acclimatization to exercise in the heat prior to resumption particularly following a long convalescent period after more severe heat related illness.
Return to Competition Following Ischemic Colitis Caused by Severe Dehydration
Authors: Murray Bob , Stofan John , Sallis Bob 
Published: August 2016

Objective:This article summarizes a case of ischemic colitis suffered by a triathlete during an Ironman competition.Background:Exercise results in a significant reduction in splanchnic blood flow to help maintain cardiovascular function. When dehydration and heat stress accompany exercise, blood flow to the splanchnic vasculature is further reduced, increasing the risk of local ischemia and tissue injury.Differential Diagnosis:Ischemic colitis caused by dehydration and heat stress.Treatment:Right hemicolectomy involving a 16-cm segment of ischemic large intestine and appendectomy the day following the race.Uniqueness:This case study highlights one of the risks associated with dehydration during prolonged exercise in the heat. Of particular interest are practical interventions to reduce health and performance issues.Conclusions:Poor hydration and nutrition practices during intense exercise can affect gut function, impair performance, and jeopardize health. Optimal intake of fluid, carbohydrate, and salt will enhance performance and reduce risk to health.