bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Der am-Progressiv und parallele am V-en sein-Konstruktionen:
Authors: Flick Johanna 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The German am progressive (am Arbeiten sein ›to be working‹) is a multi-word unit (at + enclitic definite article + infinitive/verbal noun) expressing progressive meaning. It is the result of a relatively young grammaticalization. This article takes up a constructional perspective and shows that the am progressive must be analyzed as conventionalized pairing of form and meaning and hence as a construction. It will be shown that this partial schematic construction is closely associated with other parallel expressions, i. e. die Stimmung ist am Kochen (›the atmosphere is boiling up‹) or die Verhandlungen sind am Laufen (›the negotiations are being conducted‹) which we can find in contemporary German. While the am progressive takes up its place at the grammatical side of the constructional network, these lexically specified phrases are closer to the lexical pole. The article addresses the question how variable these potential micro constructions are. Since not every verb is equally compatible with the progressive meaning it will additionally be discussed how the verbal semantic affects productivity. In order to empirically attest the variability of the am progressive and its related constructions a corpus study using data from the German Reference Corpus was conducted. By the means of collostructional analyses it will be revealed which verbs are attracted to the am progressive. Furthermore, the data show which kinds of constructions have already been entrenched as new knot in the constructional network.
Ich bedanke mich bei Renata Szczepaniak und Melitta Gillmann für die ausgedehnten und hilfreichen Diskussionen über den am-Progressiv sowie bei Fabian Barteld für die methodische Unterstützung. Mein Dank gilt außerdem den zwei anonymen Gutachtern/Gutachterinnen, die den Aufsatz mit ihrer konstruktiven Kritik bereichert haben.
Alexander, Samson und die Tyrerin
Authors: Marshall Sophie 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Biblical allusions in the ›Vorauer Alexander‹ are seen as background setting underscoring Alexander’s role in God’s design. This essay will show how these allusions generate paradigmatic structures of equivalence between Alexander and examples from the bible, hence producing contemporaneous effects of similarity and opposition. Regarding Schmid’s theory of non-temporal linking in narration, the analysis of the text brings out a discursive commentary on Alexander. He fails to fit adequately into the equation with Samson. Through the Tyrian woman, a model for reading figurative words in a Christian way, the equivalences give guidance on reading the exchange of symbolic gifts between Darius and Alexander.
The sensing of bacteria: emerging principles for the detection of signal sequences by formyl peptide receptors
Authors: Bufe Bernd , Zufall Frank 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The ability to detect specific chemical signatures released by bacteria and other microorganisms is a fundamental feature of immune defense against pathogens. There is increasing evidence that chemodetection of such microorganism-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) occurs at many places in the body including specific sets of chemosensory neurons in the mammalian nose. Formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) are a unique family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that can detect the presence of bacteria and function as chemotactic receptors. Here, we highlight the recent discovery of a vast family of natural FPR agonists, the bacterial signal peptides (or signal sequences), thus providing new insight into the molecular mechanisms of bacterial sensing by human and mouse FPRs. Signal peptides in bacteria are formylated, N-terminal protein signatures required for directing the transfer of proteins through the plasma membrane. After their cleavage and release, signal peptides are available for FPR detection and thus provide a previously unrecognized MAMP. With over 170 000 predicted sequences, bacterial signal peptides represent one of the largest families of GPCR ligands and one of the most complex classes of natural activators of the innate immune system. By recognizing a conserved three-dimensional peptide motif, FPRs employ an unusual detection mechanism that combines structural promiscuity with high specificity and sensitivity, thus solving the problem of detecting thousands of distinct sequences yet maintaining selectivity. How signal peptides are released by bacteria and sensed by GPCRs and how these processes shape the responses of other cells and whole organisms represents an important topic for future research.
Lupus anticoagulant testing using two parallel methods detects additional cases and predicts persistent positivity
Authors: Simmons Daimon P. , Herskovits Adrianna Z. , Battinelli Elisabeth M. , Schur Peter H. , Lemire Susan J. , Dorfman David M. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackground:Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) is characterized by laboratory evidence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) [e.g. lupus anticoagulant (LA), anticardiolipin (ACL), and/or antiβ2-glycoprotein I (aB2GPI)] in a clinical setting of thrombosis or pregnancy morbidity. The International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis recommends two different testing modalities to detect LA. To evaluate these recommendations in a clinical setting, our hospital, a tertiary care center with a specialized coagulation laboratory, added the dilute Russell’s viper venom time to be performed in parallel with the PTT-lupus anticoagulant to detect LA.Methods:Results of aPL testing were collected on all patients who had LA testing for one year. Chart review was performed to correlate LA results with ACL, aB2GPI, and clinical history.Results:Patients who were initially LA positive by both PTT-lupus anticoagulant and dilute Russell’s viper venom time were more likely to be persistently positive. Patients who were positive for ACL and aB2GPI were likely to be positive by both LA methodologies. No single method was absolutely sensitive, as cases of APS were detected by PTTLA only, DRVVT only, and both methods.Conclusions:The addition of a second testing method for LA provides additional diagnostic information and may be helpful in stratifying risk of thrombosis.
Geometric accuracy of topographical objects at Polish topographic maps
Authors: Ławniczak Radzym , Kubiak Jarosław 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The objective of research concerned verifying the accuracy of the location and shape of selected lakes presented on topographical maps from various periods, drawn up on different scales. The area of research covered lakes situated in North-Western Poland on the Międzychód-Sieraków Lakeland. An analysis was performed of vector maps available in both analogue and digital format. The scales of these studies range from 1:50 000 to 1:10 000. The source materials were current for the years 1907 through 2013. The shape and location of lakes have been verified directly by means of field measurements performed using the GPS technology with an accuracy class of RTK. An analysis was performed of the location and shape of five lakes. The analysed water regions were vectorised, and their vector images were used to determine quantitative features: the area and length of the shoreline. Information concerning the analysed lakes obtained from the maps was verified on the basis of direct field measurements performed using a GPS RTK receiver. Use was made of georeferential corrections provided by the NAVGEO service or a virtual reference station generated by the ASG EUPOS system. A compilation of cartographic and field data formed the basis for a comparison of the actual area and the length of the shoreline of the studied lakes. Cartographic analyses made it possible to single out the most reliable cartographic sources, which could be used for the purposes of hydrographical analyses. The course of shorelines shows the attached map.
The Multiplanar Nature of Frequency
Authors: Berg Thomas 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAs reflected by the distinction between types and tokens, frequency is standardly conceived of in a two-dimensional fashion. This conception draws on the linguistic hierarchy in that token frequency is calculated at a higher structural level than type frequency. The fact that the linguistic hierarchy consists of more than two levels raises the possibility of investigating frequency from a multiplanar angle. This approach is illustrated with a three-level analysis of derivational affixes in English, German, and Dutch. The lowest level represents the number of affix types, the intermediate level the number of words of which these affixes are a part, and the highest level the textual frequency of these affixed words. The three languages exhibit significant variation. While English shows a consistent increase, German shows a consistent decrease in the suffix-to-prefix ratios from the lower to the higher levels. Dutch is inconsistent in displaying an increase from the lowest to the intermediate level but a decrease from the intermediate to the highest level. A good part of the explanation for this difference lies in the disparate role of prefixing in the three languages. The multiplanar approach provides novel perspectives on a number of issues such as the locus of linguistic change. Preliminary evidence suggests that the loss of a lower-level unit may be accompanied by “collateral damage” at the higher level.
Fibroblast growth factor 21 – a key player in cardiovascular disorders?
Authors: Lenart-Lipińska Monika , Duma Dariusz , Hałabiś Magdalena , Dziedzic Marcin , Solski Janusz 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a newly discovered adipokine, synthesized by several organs, mostly by the liver, which was introduced as a potent metabolic regulator and insulin-sensitizing factor. Numerous animal studies have demonstrated that FGF21 improves glucose and lipids metabolism and exerts anti-inflammatory effects. However, data obtained from human studies have shown contradictory results, in which circulating FGF21 levels were often elevated in obesity, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes (DM2) and other conditions connected with insulin resistance. This increase in basal FGF21 concentrations observed in patients with obesity and other conditions related to insulin resistance was being explained as a compensatory response to the underlying metabolic disturbances or tissue resistance to FGF21 action. Furthermore, the results of clinical trials have shown that increased FGF21 concentrations were associated with increased cardiovascular (CV) risk and had a prognostic value in CV outcomes. In recent years, it has been reported that FGF21 may exert cardioprotective effects. This mini-review aims to summarize the current state of knowledge about the role of FGF21 in CV disorders, and discuss the molecular mechanism underlying the anti-atherogenic properties of this compound.
Behavior of Beam-to-Column Connections with Angles. Part 2-Numerical Analysis
Authors: Ghindea M. , Cătărig A. , Ballok R. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Based on the results of experimental tests, presented in the first part of this paper, Part 1-Experimental Investigations (Ghindea M., Catarig A., Ballok R.) advanced numerical simulations were performed using FEM based software Abaqus. The recently arise of high speed computers and advanced FEM software packages allow to create and solve extensively detailed 3D models. The aim of this second part of the paper is to develop accurate FEM models for better approach of the studied beam-to-column connections. The paper presents the designed numerical models and the results for four bolted beam-to-column connections using top-and-seat and/or web angle cleats, in different configurations. The objective of this paper is to achieve functional numerical models which, by faithfully running, reproduce the experimental results. Thus, calibrating the numerical results with the experimental ones it can be perform then parametric studies, achieving reliable results for similar configurations of joints. The results obtained after numerical simulations were compared with experimental data. The behavior moment-rotation curve and the deformation process of the experimental captured specimens were virtually reproduced with minimum deviation.
Steady-State Three - Dimensional Numerical Simulation of Heat Transfer for Thermal Bridges Assessment
Authors: Brata Silviana , Maduta Carmen , Pescari S. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
This paper presents a study on using the steady-state three-dimensional heat transfer software HEAT3 for evaluating the heat flow of heat transfer through different elements of the building envelope in order to establish the linear thermal transmittance of the linear thermal bridge. The linear thermal transmittance is obtained according to the one-dimensional steady-state heat transfer calculation formula for the plane walls using the heat flow values obtained through the method specified above. The results presented in this paper are part of a wider study on evaluating the heat transfer through building’s envelope elements by evaluating as accurate as possible the thermal bridges effect of the most common building structures. As a case study, it was considered the steady-state heat transfer through an opaque outer wall of a building considering the thermal bridges for the following elements: outer walls intersection, inner and outer wall intersection and outer wall with intermediate floor intersection.
Geometric Non-Linear Approach to Stiffness State of Semi–Rigid Structures
Authors: Corina Moldovan 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Present contribution intends to emphasize the contribution of geometric non-linearity to the stiffness state of semi-rigid multi–storey steel structures. Though semi-rigidity of beam – column connections involves a nonlinearity at constitutive bending momentrelative rotation level, the geometric nonlinearity associated to deformed conFigure uration at element level is less referred to. The main objective of the study is to express the stiffness state of geometric non-linear elements semi-rigidly connected at its ends. Stiffness state is, in its term, expressed by element level stiffness matrix considering the six degrees of freedom of the planar element. Regarding the reference system, both local and global systems are employed allowing a simple and direct transition from element level vectorial relations to their structural level forms. The three fundamental vectorial relations (static equilibrium, kinematic compatibility, material constitutivity) emphasize that the principle of virtual work holds in the case of semi-rigidly connected skeletal structures as well.
Noun classes and grammatical gender in Wolof
Authors: Babou Cheikh Anta , Loporcaro Michele 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a reassessment of Wolof noun morphology and morphosyntax. Wolof is usually said to possess a total of 10 noun classes (8 for the singular, 2 for the plural), marked today exclusively on agreement targets. We provide evidence that two more plural noun classes must be recognized, which have so far been misinterpreted as “collective” rather than plural: the evidence we provide is morphosyntactic (from verb agreement) as well as morphological (from class-related asymmetries in the paradigm of the indefinite article). As for method, the main thrust of the paper consists in showing that an accurate analysis of the Wolof data must make use of the three distinct notions “noun class”, “inflectional class” and “agreement class” (or gender). Under the analysis defended here, Wolof turns out to have a fairly complex gender system, featuring 17 distinct gender values. Our analysis – and especially the discussion of Wolof so-called “collectives” – also bears on the general theoretical issue of how to establish the values of the number category.
Properties of Symmetric Boolean functions
Authors: Haviarová L. , Toman E. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
In the present paper we consider symmetric Boolean functions with special property. We study properties of the maximal intervals of these functions. Later we show characteristics of corresponding interval graphs and simplified interval graphs. Specifically we prove, that these two graphs are isomorphic for symmetric Boolean function. Then we obtain the vertex degree of these graphs. We discuss also disjunctive normal forms.
Estimating the parameters of lifetime distributions under progressively Type-II censoring from fuzzy data
Authors: Khoolenjani N. B. , Chatrabgoun O. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The problem of estimating lifetime distribution parameters under progressively Type-II censoring originated in the context of reliability. But traditionally it is assumed that the available data from this censoring scheme are performed in exact numbers. However, some collected lifetime data might be imprecise and are represented in the form of fuzzy numbers. Thus, it is necessary to generalize classical statistical estimation methods for real numbers to fuzzy numbers. This paper deals with the estimation of lifetime distribution parameters under progressively Type-II censoring scheme when the lifetime observations are reported by means of fuzzy numbers. A new method is proposed to determine the maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters of interest. The methodology is illustrated with two popular models in lifetime analysis, the Rayleigh and Lognormal lifetime distributions.
A Novel Quadrature Signal Estimation Method for a Planar Capacitive Incremental Displacement Sensor
Authors: Yu Jian-Ping , Wang Wen , Li Xin , Zhou Zhao-Zhong 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
This paper presents a novel phase-shift arctangent (PSA) interpolation method to improve the measurement accuracy of a planar capacitive incremental displacement sensor. Signals of planar capacitive micro-sensors acquire waveform errors, including sensitivity differences and phase-shift errors, because of static errors and dynamic disturbances. In the proposed PSA scheme, such errors are removed completely by loading a particular arctangent function. Moreover, measuring efficiency of the proposed planar capacitive sensors is improved by combining coarse measurement and fine estimation. Experiments show unanimous results to model-based fitting. When electrode length is four times the gap distance, applying the PSA interpolation method decreases waveform errors from more than 4 % to 1.72 %.
A Feature Extraction Method for Vibration Signal of Bearing Incipient Degradation
Authors: Huang Haifeng , Ouyang Huajiang , Gao Hongli , Guo Liang , Li Dan , Wen Juan 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Detection of incipient degradation demands extracting sensitive features accurately when signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is very poor, which appears in most industrial environments. Vibration signals of rolling bearings are widely used for bearing fault diagnosis. In this paper, we propose a feature extraction method that combines Blind Source Separation (BSS) and Spectral Kurtosis (SK) to separate independent noise sources. Normal, and incipient fault signals from vibration tests of rolling bearings are processed. We studied 16 groups of vibration signals (which all display an increase in kurtosis) of incipient degradation after they are processed by a BSS filter. Compared with conventional kurtosis, theoretical studies of SK trends show that the SK levels vary with frequencies and some experimental studies show that SK trends of measured vibration signals of bearings vary with the amount and level of impulses in both vibration and noise signals due to bearing faults. It is found that the peak values of SK increase when vibration signals of incipient faults are processed by a BSS filter. This pre-processing by a BSS filter makes SK more sensitive to impulses caused by performance degradation of bearings.
Transient Infrared Measurement of Laser Absorption Properties of Porous Materials
Authors: Marynowicz Andrzej 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The infrared thermography measurements of porous building materials have become more frequent in recent years. Many accompanying techniques for the thermal field generation have been developed, including one based on laser radiation. This work presents a simple optimization technique for estimation of the laser beam absorption for selected porous building materials, namely clinker brick and cement mortar. The transient temperature measurements were performed with the use of infrared camera during laser-induced heating-up of the samples’ surfaces. As the results, the absorbed fractions of the incident laser beam together with its shape parameter are reported.
Development of a Wearable Sensor System for Dynamically Mapping the Behavior of an Energy Storing and Returning Prosthetic Foot
Authors: Hawkins James , Noroozi Siamak , Dupac Mihai , Sewell Philip 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
It has been recognized that that the design and prescription of Energy Storing and Returning prosthetic running feet are not well understood and that further information on their performance would be beneficial to increase this understanding. Dynamic analysis of an amputee wearing a prosthetic foot is typically performed using reflective markers and motion-capture systems. High-speed cameras and force plates are used to collect data of a few strides. This requires specialized and expensive equipment in an unrepresentative environment within a large area. Inertial Measurement Units are also capable of being used as wearable sensors but suffer from drift issues. This paper presents the development of a wearable sensing system that records the action of an Energy Storing and Returning prosthetic running foot (sagittal plane displacement and ground contact position) which could have research and/or clinical applications. This is achieved using five standalone pieces of apparatus including foot-mounted pressure sensors and a rotary vario-resistive displacement transducer. It is demonstrated, through the collection of profiles for both foot deflection and ground contact point over the duration of a stride, that the system can be attached to an amputee’s prosthesis and used in a non-laboratory environment. It was found from the system that the prosthetic ground contact point, for the amputee tested, progresses along the effective metatarsal portion of the prosthetic foot towards the distal end of the prosthesis over the duration of the stride. Further investigation of the effective stiffness changes of the foot due to the progression of the contact point is warranted.
Crystal structure of 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazolo[4,5-b]pyridine, C13H10N2OS
Authors: El-Hiti Gamal A. , Smith Keith , Hegazy Amany S. , Alanazi Saud A. , Kariuki Benson M. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
C13H10N2OS, monoclinic, P21/c (no 14), a = 14.182(3) Å, b = 5.9674(6) Å, c = 26.683(4) Å, β = 101.162(17)°, V = 2215.4(6) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt
(F) = 0.0634, wR
ref
(F
2) = 0.1514, T = 150 K.
The Social Media Experiences of Long-term Patients: Illness, Identity, and Participation
Authors: Ytre-Arne Brita 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The present article investigates the meanings of social media use for long-term patients, focusing on a group of Norwegian bloggers diagnosed with myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME). This severe illness can confine patients to their homes for long periods of time, drastically reducing possibilities to participate on most social arenas and leaving Internet use as a rare opportunity for connection with the outside world. A qualitative analysis of interviews with ME bloggers investigates the meanings of social media use in this particular situation. Drawing on perspectives from research on patients’ Internet use, this phenomenon is analysed as management of identity narratives in the face of illness. However, the article further argues that the concept of participation provides a relevant supplementary perspective that highlights the societal and political relevance of these practices.