bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term lithium treatment increases intracellular and extracellular brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in cortical and hippocampal neurons at subtherapeutic concentrations
Authors: De‐Paula Vanessa J. , Gattaz Wagner F. , Forlenza Orestes V. 
Published: November 2016

ObjectivesThe putative neuroprotective effects of lithium treatment rely on the fact that it modulates several homeostatic mechanisms involved in the neurotrophic response, autophagy, oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial function. Lithium is a well‐established therapeutic option for the acute and long‐term management of bipolar disorder and major depression. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of subtherapeutic and therapeutic concentrations of chronic lithium treatment on brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) synthesis and secretion.MethodsPrimary cultures of cortical and hippocampal neurons were treated with different subtherapeutic (0.02 and 0.2 mM) and therapeutic (2 mM) concentrations of chronic lithium treatment in cortical and hippocampal cell culture.ResultsLithium treatment increased the intracellular protein expression of cortical neurons (10% at 0.02 mM) and hippocampal neurons (28% and 14% at 0.02 mM and 0.2 mM, respectively). Extracellular BDNF of cortical neurons increased 30% and 428% at 0.02 and 0.2 mM, respectively and in hippocampal neurons increased 44% at 0.02 mM.ConclusionThe present study indicates that chronic, low‐dose lithium treatment up‐regulates BDNF production in primary neuronal cell culture.
Sleep–wake cycle phenotypes in young people with familial and non‐familial mood disorders
Authors: Scott Jan , Naismith Sharon , Grierson Ashlee , Carpenter Joanne , Hermens Daniel , Scott Elizabeth , Hickie Ian 
Published: November 2016

ObjectivesConverging evidence identifies that the offspring of parents with bipolar disorder (BD), individuals at clinical high risk ofBD, and young people with recent onsetBDmay differ from other clinical cases or healthy controls in terms of sleep–wake profiles. However, it is possible that these differences may reflect current mental state, subtype of mood disorder, or familial traits. This study aimed to determine objective and subjective sleep–wake profiles in individuals aged 15–25 years with a current major depressive episode, in relation to familial traits.MethodsFrequency matching was employed to ensure that each individual with a confirmed family history ofBD(FH+) could be compared to four controls who did not have a familial mood disorder (FH–). Pre‐selected objective actigraphy and subjective Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) ratings were compared using one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and applying the Benjamini–Hochberg (BH) correction for false discoveries.ResultsThe sample comprised 60 individuals with a mean age of 19 years. TheFH+ (n=12) andFH– groups (n=48) differed on three key sleep parameters: mean sleep duration on week nights (P=.049), variability in waking after sleep onset (P=.038), and daily disturbances (PSQIdimension of sleep disturbance and daytime dysfunction;P=.01).ConclusionsThe sleep profiles we identified in this study, especially the daily disturbances phenotype, provide support for research into endophenotypes forBD. Also, the findings may offer the opportunity for more tailored, personalized interventions that target specific components of the sleep–wake cycle in individuals with a family history ofBD.
Anxiety symptoms prior to a prostate cancer diagnosis: Associations with knowledge and openness to treatment
Authors: Dillard Amanda J. , Scherer Laura D. , Ubel Peter A. , Alexander Stewart , Fagerlin Angela 
Published: November 2016

AimResearch suggests that anxiety may be a common response to a cancer diagnosis, but research is needed to examine anxiety before diagnosis. Anxiety before diagnosis may relate to the comprehension of relevant health information or openness to potential treatments. This study examined anxiety and these outcomes in men who were waiting to learn of a prostate cancer diagnosis.ObjectivesOne goal of this study was to determine whether anxiety would increase as men came closer to learning the results of their prostate cancer biopsy. Another goal was to test whether anxiety was associated with knowledge about prostate cancer or openness to different treatments.MethodsMen (N = 265) who were facing a prostate cancer diagnosis were surveyed at two time points. Time 1 occurred at the time of biopsy, and Time 2 occurred immediately before men received their biopsy result. At each time point, men reported their anxiety about prostate cancer and their biopsy result. At Time 2, they completed a knowledge test of information about prostate cancer and reported their openness to different potential treatments.ResultsAnxiety symptoms increased as men came closer to learning their diagnosis. Also, higher anxiety was associated with lower knowledge and greater openness to particular treatments like surgery. Interactions showed that when anxiety increased from Time 1 to Time 2, having high or low knowledge mattered less to treatment openness.ConclusionWaiting for a cancer diagnosis is an important time period in which anxiety may increase and relate to information processing and openness to treatments.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Men undergoing prostate cancer screening have been found to experience high and low levels of anxiety.

Research has shown that negative emotions like anxiety are common following a cancer diagnosis, but little research has examined emotions right before diagnosis.

Anxiety has been associated with information processing and motivation to engage in preventive behaviours.

What does this study add?

Applies and tests a theoretical idea related to how anxiety may change as one approaches personally relevant threatening health feedback.

Shows relationships between changes in anxiety and knowledge in the context of waiting for actual health feedback.

Associates increased anxiety in the prostate cancer context with knowledge and openness to different treatments.
Neurochemical and behavioural effects of hypidone hydrochloride (YL‐0919): a novel combined selective 5‐HT reuptake inhibitor and partial 5‐HT1A agonist
Authors: Zhang Li‐Ming , Wang Xiao‐Yun , Zhao Nan , Wang Yu‐Lu , Hu Xiao‐Xu , Ran Yu‐Hua , Liu Yan‐Qin , Zhang You‐Zhi , Yang Ri‐Fang , Li Yun‐Feng 
Published: November 2016

Background and purposeOur previous studies revealed that hypidone hydrochloride (YL‐0919), which acts as a selective 5‐HT (serotonin) reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) and displays partial 5‐HT1A receptor agonist properties, exerts a significant antidepressant effect in various animal models. The aim of present research was to further investigate the pharmacology of YL‐0919.Experimental approachWe first investigated the target profile of YL‐0919 using [35S]‐GTPγS binding and microdialysis. To determine whether the 5‐HT or noradrenergic systems are involved in the antidepressant‐like effect of YL‐0919, the 5‐hydroxytryptophan (5‐HTP)‐induced head‐twitch test and antagonism with a high dose of apomorphine were performed. Using the learned helplessness paradigm, the novelty suppressed feeding test, the Vogel‐type conflict and elevated plus‐maze test, we further verified the antidepressant‐like and anxiolytic‐like effects of YL‐0919. The effects of YL‐0919 on hippocampal long‐term potentiation (LTP) and sexual behaviour were also evaluated.Key resultsData from the present study demonstrated that YL‐0919 displays partial 5‐HT1A receptor agonist properties, producing a greater impact on extracellular 5‐HT levels than a conventional SSRI (fluoxetine), as well as significant antidepressant and anxiolytic effects. Furthermore, YL‐0919 treatment rapidly influenced the synaptic plasticity (enhancing LTP) of rats. Finally, at doses close to those producing antidepressant‐like effects, YL‐0919 did not result in a marked inhibition of sexual function.Conclusions and implicationsThese data suggest that YL‐0919 is probably a fast‐onset potent antidepressant with few side effects.
The palatability of Neotropical poison frogs in predator‐prey systems: do alkaloids make the difference?
Authors: Schulte Lisa M. , Saporito Ralph A. , Davison Ian , Summers Kyle 
Published: November 2016

AbstractNeotropical poison frogs sequester alkaloid‐based chemical defenses from their diet, which seem to repel invertebrate predators after contact. In this study, we tested the reaction of predatory ants toward skin secretions of captive‐bred poison frogs without alkaloids. Although the secretions had a smell and taste similar to those of wild‐caught frogs, the ants did not avoid them, but actually preferred them. We infer that amphibian secretions are attractive to invertebrate predators (probably due to palatable nutritive components), but that this attraction is overridden when unpalatable alkaloids are present.
Catching Up or Falling Behind? Continuing Wealth Disparities for Immigrants to Canada by Region of Origin and Cohort
Authors: Maroto Michelle , Aylsworth Laura 
Published: November 2016

This paper investigates wealth disparities among first‐generation immigrants using data from the 2012 Survey of Financial Security. We apply logistic and linear regression models to estimate disparities in homeownership and household equivalent net worth by immigrant status, region of origin, and time since arrival. By focusing on immigrant families from different regions who entered Canada at different points in time, this research applies theories related to assimilation, human capital, and structural barriers to wealth. Our findings demonstrate that even though many immigrant families transition into homeownership and grow their wealth over time, certain first‐generation immigrant groups continue to experience wealth disparities many years after their arrival to Canada. In particular, immigrant families from African, Asian, and Middle Eastern countries experienced the largest wealth gaps.Cet article examine les disparités de richesse entre les immigrants de première génération en utilisant les données de l'Enquête 2012 sur la sécurité financière. Nous appliquons des modèles de régression logistique et linéaire pour estimer les disparités dans la propriété et valeur nette des ménages équivalente par le statut d'immigrant, la région d'origine, et le temps écoulé depuis leur arrivée. En se concentrant sur les familles d'immigrants de différentes régions qui sont entrés au Canada à différents points dans le temps, cette recherche applique les théories liées à l'assimilation, le capital humain, et les obstacles structurels à la richesse. Nos résultats démontrent que même si de nombreuses familles d'immigrants transition vers la propriété et de croître leur richesse au fil du temps, certains groupes d'immigrants de première génération continuent d'éprouver des disparités de richesse de nombreuses années après leur arrivée au Canada. En particulier, les familles d'immigrants d'Afrique, d'Asie, et les pays du Moyen‐Orient ont connu les plus grands écarts de richesse.
Shyness and Social Conflict Reduce Young Children's Social Helpfulness
Authors: Beier Jonathan S. , Terrizzi Brandon F. , Woodward Amanda M. , Larson Emma G. 
Published: November 2016

This study examined social influences on 3‐year‐old children's decisions to help an experimenter gain another person's attention (N = 32). Children were slower to help the experimenter when the target had previously expressed disinterest in attending to her. Shy children were less likely to support the experimenter's attempts to communicate with the target; however, this association was not influenced by children's knowledge of the target's disinterest, and there was no relation between shyness and children's support for a separate physical goal. Therefore, young children's decisions to act helpfully incorporate consideration for others beyond a focal person with an unmet need, and they are further constrained by children's own comfort with the actions required to help.
Genomewide association study of peanut allergy reproduces association with amino acid polymorphisms in HLA‐DRB1
Authors: Martino D. J. , Ashley S. , Koplin J. , Ellis J. , Saffery R. , Dharmage S. C. , Gurrin L. , Matheson M. C. , Kalb B. , Marenholz I. , Beyer K. , Lee Y.‐A. , Hong X. , Wang X. , Vukcevic D. , Motyer A. , Leslie S. , Allen K. J. , Ferreira M. A. R. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryBackgroundGenetic variants for IgE‐mediated peanut allergy are yet to be fully characterized and to date only one genomewide association study (GWAS) has been published.ObjectiveTo identify genetic variants associated with challenge‐proven peanut allergy.MethodsWe carried out a GWAS comparing 73 infants with challenge‐proven IgE‐mediated peanut allergy against 148 non‐allergic infants (all ~ 1 year old). We tested a total of 3.8 million single nucleotide polymorphisms, as well as imputed HLA alleles and amino acids. Replication was assessed by de novo genotyping in a panel of additional 117 cases and 380 controls, and in silico testing in two independent GWAS cohorts.ResultsWe identified 21 independent associations at P ≤ 5 × 10−5 but were unable to replicate these. The most significant HLA association was the previously reported amino acid variant located at position 71, within the peptide‐binding groove of HLA‐DRB1 (P = 2 × 10−4). Our study therefore reproduced previous findings for the association between peanut allergy and HLA‐DRB1 in this Australian population.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceGenetic determinants for challenge‐proven peanut allergy include alleles at the HLA‐DRB1 locus.
Image‐guided fine‐needle aspiration cytology and flow cytometry phenotyping of neck lymphadenopathy for the diagnosis of recurrent lymphoma
Authors: Lumachi F. , Fassina A. , Tozzoli R. , Tregnaghi A. , Basso S.M.M. , Ermani M. 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveIn patients with a history of lymphoma, each lymphadenopathy should be carefully evaluated. The aims of this study were to evaluate (i) the usefulness of high‐resolution ultrasonography (US), US‐guided fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and flow cytometry phenotyping (FCP) together in the diagnosis of recurrent lymphoma and (ii) whether these tools were independent predictors of correct results.DesignRetrospective cohort study with stepwise forward logistic regression analysis of results.SettingTertiary referral centre.ParticipantsA total of 151 patients with a history of lymphoma who developed a cervical mass during follow‐up.MethodsOn neck US, a lymphadenopathy was shown in 129 (85.4%) patients (median age 57 years, range 18–78 years), and US‐guided FNAC combined with FCP were immediately performed. All patients had surgical excision and subsequent histological examination of the enlarged node(s), to establish lymphoma subclassification.ResultsFinal histology confirmed recurrence in 82 (63.6%) patients. According to the logistic regression analysis, FNAC and FCP were independent predictors of correct results (P = 0.009 and 0.028, respectively) and did not interfere with each other. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the combination of all of the tools were 98.8%, 100% and 99.2%, respectively, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.902 (95% CI: 0.797–0.986).ConclusionThis minimally invasive procedure is easily performed and should be recommended for all patients with cervical lymphadenopathy and a history of lymphoma, avoiding the need of core‐biopsy or surgical excision if recurrence was excluded.
Synkinesis in Bell's palsy in a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Bylund N. , Jensson D. , Enghag S. , Berg T. , Marsk E. , Hultcrantz M. , Hadziosmanovic N. , Rodriguez‐Lorenzo A. , Jonsson L. 
Published: November 2016

ObjectivesTo study the development of synkinesis in Bell's palsy. Frequency, severity, gender aspects and predictors were analysed.DesignData from the randomised controlled Scandinavian Bell's palsy trial including 829 patients.Main outcome measuresFrequency and severity of synkinesis at 12 months were the main outcome measures. Mean Sunnybrook synkinesis scores, voluntary movement scores and composite scores between 6 and 12 months were compared.ResultsIn 743 patients with a 12‐month follow‐up, synkinesis frequency was 21.3%. There was no gender difference. Synkinesis was moderate to severe in 6.6% of patients. Those with synkinesis at 6 months had a synkinesis score of 4.1 (±2.8 sd), which increased to 4.7 (±3.2) (P = 0.047) at 12 months (n = 93). Sunnybrook composite score at 1 month was the best predictor for synkinesis development with receiver operating characteristics and area under the curve (AUC) 0.87. Risk for synkinesis increased with a lower Sunnybrook composite score. Furthermore, at 1 month, symmetry of voluntary movement had higher predictive value for synkinesis than resting symmetry with AUC 0.87 and 0.77, respectively. Gentle eye closure and open‐mouth smile were the only independent significant predictive items (AUC 0.86).ConclusionsModerate‐to‐severe synkinesis was present in 6.6% of patients. The mean synkinesis score increased between 6 and 12 months, and outcome should therefore be evaluated after at least 12 months. Sunnybrook composite score and symmetry of voluntary movement at 1 month were good predictors for synkinesis.
Using a semi‐conductor sequencing‐based panel for genotyping of HPV‐positive and HPV‐negative oropharyngeal cancer: a retrospective pilot study
Authors: Ham J.C. , Tops B.B.J. , Driessen C.M.L. , van Raaij A.W.M. , Slootweg P.J. , Melchers W.J.G. , Ligtenberg M.J.L. , van Herpen C.M.L. 
Published: November 2016

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of testing actionable mutations in small amounts of formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded material in multiple genes of the receptor tyrosine kinase pathway and to determine the frequency of these mutations in human papillomavirus (HPV)‐positive and HPV‐negative oropharyngeal cancer (OPC).DesignA retrospective pilot study was performed.SettingIn OPC, no predictive markers for response to epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition are known. Therefore, identifying predictive biomarkers is of utmost importance, but is often hampered by the small amount of tumour material available.ParticipantsWe included the archival material of 45 OPC, all treated with concomitant chemoradiotherapy between 2003 and 2010.Main outcome measuresBesides the HPV status, we assessed mutations using a gene panel that targets 16 genes in the receptor tyrosine kinase pathway and six other genes. The polymerase chain reaction required only 10 ng DNA.ResultsIn total, 42 of the 45 biopsies have been successfully analysed. In total 20 of 42 samples were HPV‐positive and 22 of 42 were HPV‐negative. In the receptor tyrosine kinase pathway, mutations in PIK3CA were most frequently identified. A TP53 mutation was identified in one HPV‐positive sample and in 13 HPV‐negative samples. Additionally, three mutations in three different genes were found.ConclusionsWe evaluated an assay to identify mutations in the receptor tyrosine kinase pathway. As only small amounts of formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded material are sufficient for reliable analysis, this test opens up new possibilities for personalised medicine.
The degree of extramural spread of T3 rectal cancer: an appeal to the American Joint Committee on Cancer
Authors: Zinicola R. , Pedrazzi G. , Haboubi N. , Nicholls R. J. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe T3 category of the TNM classification includes over 60% of all rectal tumours and encompasses the greatest variance in cancer‐specific end‐points than any other T category. The most recent edition of the cancer staging handbook of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) dated 2010 does not divide T3 tumours into subgroups which reflect cancer‐specific outcome more sensitively. The original aim of the present study was to review the literature to assess the influence of the degree of extramural extent of T3 rectal cancer on local recurrence and survival. An article written by the authors was accepted for publication but was withdrawn immediately after they became aware of the publication of the 4th edition of the TNM Supplement by the Union for International Cancer Control dated 2012, which was not accessible by the search system used. This article dealt with the subdivision of the T3 category although this was not included in the most up‐to‐date AJCC guidelines and was stated to be ‘entirely optional’. Medline, PubMed and Cochrane Library searches were performed to identify all studies that investigated the degree of extramural spread and its relationship to survival and local recurrence. Twenty‐two studies were identified of which 12 assessed the degree of histopathological extramural spread measured in millimetres. In 18 of the 22 studies the degree of extramural spread was a statistically significant prognostic factor for survival and local recurrence. Analysis of the studies indicated that the subdivision of category T3 rectal cancer into two subgroups of extramural spread ≤ 5 mm or more than 5 mm resulted in markedly different survival and local recurrence rates. The data were insufficient to allow validation of any greater subdivision. Measurement of the extent of extramural spread by MRI before any treatment agreed with the histopathological measurement in the surgical specimen to within 1 mm. The extent of extramural spread in T3 rectal cancer measured in millimetres is a powerful prognostic factor. A subdivision of T3 into T3a and T3b of less than or equal to or more than 5 mm appears to give the greatest discrimination of local recurrence and survival. Preoperative T3 subdivision by MRI has the same sensitivity as histopathological examination of the resected specimen. Given the clinical need for the pretreatment classification of the T3 category for oncological management planning, the evidence strongly indicates that the subdivision of the T3 category by MRI should be formally considered as part of the TNM staging system for rectal cancer.
“Pushing the Button While Pushing the Argument”: Motor Priming of Abstract Action Language
Authors: Schaller Franziska , Weiss Sabine , Müller Horst M. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn a behavioral study we analyzed the influence of visual action primes on abstract action sentence processing. We thereby aimed at investigating mental motor involvement during processes of meaning constitution of action verbs in abstract contexts. In the first experiment, participants executed either congruous or incongruous movements parallel to a video prime. In the second experiment, we added a no‐movement condition. After the execution of the movement, participants rendered a sensibility judgment on action sentence targets. It was expected that congruous movements would facilitate both concrete and abstract action sentence comprehension in comparison to the incongruous and the no‐movement condition. Results in Experiment 1 showed a concreteness effect but no effect of motor priming. Experiment 2 revealed a concreteness effect as well as an interaction effect of the sentence and the movement condition. The findings indicate an involvement of motor processes in abstract action language processing on a behavioral level.