bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using mobile devices for inpatient rounding and handoffs: an innovative application developed and rapidly adopted by clinicians in a pediatric hospital
Authors: Motulsky Aude , Wong Jenna , Cordeau Jean-Pierre , Pomalaza Jorge , Barkun Jeffrey , Tamblyn Robyn 
Published: August 2016

Objective: To describe the usage of a novel application (The FLOW) that allows mobile devices to be used for rounding and handoffs.Materials and Methods: The FLOW provides a view of patient data and the capacity to enter short notes via personal mobile devices. It was deployed using a “bring-your-own-device” model in 4 pilot units. Social network analysis (SNA) was applied to audit trails in order to visualize usage patterns. A questionnaire was used to describe user experience.Results: Overall, 253 health professionals used The FLOW with their personal mobile devices from October 2013 to March 2015. In pediatric and neonatal intensive care units (ICUs), a median of 26–26.5 notes were entered per user per day. Visual network representation of app entries showed that usage patterns were different between the ICUs. In 127 questionnaires (50%), respondents reported using The FLOW most often to enter notes and for handoffs. The FLOW was perceived as having improved patient care by 57% of respondents, compared to usual care. Most respondents (86%) wished to continue using The FLOW.Discussion: This study shows how a handoff and rounding tool was quickly adopted in pediatric and neonatal ICUs in a hospital setting where patient charts were still paper-based. Originally developed as a tool to support informal documentation using smartphones, it was adapted to local practices and expanded to print sign-out documents and import notes within the medicolegal record with desktop computers. Interestingly, even if not supported by the nursing administrative authorities, the level of use for data entry among nurses and doctors was similar in all units, indicating close collaboration in documentation practices in these ICUs.
Implementation of Motivational Interviewing in Substance Use Disorder Treatment: Research Network Participation and Organizational Compatibility
Authors: Rieckmann Traci R. , Abraham Amanda J. , Bride Brian E. 
Published: August 2016

Introduction:
Despite considerable empirical evidence that psychosocial interventions improve addiction treatment outcomes across populations, implementation remains problematic. A small body of research points to the importance of research network participation as a facilitator of implementation; however, studies examined limited numbers of evidence-based practices. To address this gap, the present study examined factors impacting implementation of motivational interviewing (MI).

Methods:
This study used data from a national sample of privately funded treatment programs (n = 345) and programs participating in the National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network (CTN) (n = 156). Data were collected via face-to-face interviews with program administrators and clinical directors (2007–2009). Analysis included bivariate t tests and chi-square tests to compare private and CTN programs, and multivariable logistic regression of MI implementation.

Findings:
A majority (68.0%) of treatment programs reported use of MI. Treatment programs participating in the CTN (88.9%) were significantly more likely to report use of MI compared with non-CTN programs (58.5%; P < 0.01). CTN programs (82.1%) also were more likely to use trainers from the Motivational Interviewing Network of Trainers as compared with private programs (56.1%; P < 0.05). Multivariable logistic regression models reveal that CTN-affiliated programs and programs with a psychiatrist on staff were more likely to use MI. Programs that used the Stages of Change Readiness and Treatment Eagerness Scale assessment tool were more likely to use MI, whereas programs placing greater emphasis on confrontational group therapy were less likely to use MI.

Discussion:
Findings suggest the critical role of research network participation, access to psychiatrists, and organizational compatibility in adoption and sustained use of MI.
Association between Participation in an Intensive Longitudinal Assessment Program and Performance on a Cognitive Examination in the Maintenance of Certification in Anesthesiology Program®
Authors: Sun Huaping , Zhou Yan , Culley Deborah J. , Lien Cynthia A. , Harman Ann E. , Warner David O. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract

Background
As part of the Maintenance of Certification in Anesthesiology Program® (MOCA®), the American Board of Anesthesiology (Raleigh, North Carolina) developed the MOCA Minute program, a web-based intensive longitudinal assessment involving weekly questions with immediate feedback and links to learning resources. This observational study tested the hypothesis that individuals who participate in the MOCA Minute program perform better on the MOCA Cognitive Examination (CE) compared with those who do not participate.

Methods
Two separate cohorts of individuals eligible for July 2014 and January 2015 CEs were invited to participate in this pilot. The CE scores for each cohort were compared between those who did and did not participate, controlling for the factors known to affect performance. For the first cohort, examination performances for topics covered and not covered by the MOCA Minute were analyzed separately.

Results
Six hundred sixteen diplomates in July 2014 and 684 diplomates in January 2015 took the CE for the first time. In multiple regression analysis, those actively participating scored 9.9 points (95% CI, 0.8 to 18.9) and 9.3 points (95% CI, 2.3 to 16.3) higher when compared with those not enrolled, respectively. Compared to the group that did not enroll in MOCA Minute, those who enrolled but did not actively participate demonstrated no improvement in scores. MOCA Minute participation was associated with improvement in both questions covering topics included the MOCA Minute and questions not covering these topics.

Conclusions
This analysis provides evidence that voluntary active participation in a program featuring frequent knowledge assessments accompanied by targeted learning resources is associated with improved performance on a high-stakes CE.
Vagus Nerve Attenuates Hepatocyte Apoptosis upon Ischemia–Reperfusion via α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor on Kupffer Cells in Mice
Authors: Ni Min , Fu Hui , Huang Fang , Zhao Ting , Chen Ji-Kuai , Li Dong-Jie , Shen Fu-Ming 
Published: August 2016

Abstract

Background
Hepatic ischemia–reperfusion (HIR) injury is a complication of liver surgery. As much as 50% of hepatocytes undergo apoptosis within the first 24 h of reperfusion. The neurotransmitters of the vagus nerve can activate α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) on macrophages. The function of Kupffer cells (KCs) determines HIR injury. We hypothesize that the vagus nerve could attenuate HIR-induced hepatocyte apoptosis by activating α7nAChR on KCs.

Methods
Hepatic vagotomized C57BL/6J mice, KC-eliminated C57BL/6J mice, and α7nAChR−/− mice were used for HIR. Primary KCs and hepatocytes were subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation (HR). Liver injury, hepatocyte apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and soluble CD163 were measured.

Results
Hepatic vagotomy and α7nAChR−/− caused higher levels of alanine transaminase and liver caspase-3 and -8 activity by HIR. Activating α7nAChR attenuated these changes in wild-type but not in the α7nAChR−/− mice. Furthermore, activating α7nAChR diminished hepatic injury and reduced liver apoptosis by HIR in vagotomized mice. In vitro, activating α7nAChR reduced apoptosis of hepatocytes cocultured with KCs that suffered HR. Similar to the effects by catalase, activating α7nAChR on KCs reduced ROS and H2O2 by HR. The supernatant from KCs, with α7nAChR activated or catalase treated, prevented hepatocyte apoptosis by HR. Finally, KC elimination reduced HIR-induced H2O2 production in mice. Activating α7nAChR significantly attenuated soluble CD163 both in mice by HIR (serum: 240 ± 34 vs. 446 ± 72; mean ± SD; n = 8; P &lt; 0.01) and in KCs by HR (supernatant: 4.23 ± 0.06 vs. 5.60 ± 0.18; n = 3; P &lt; 0.01).

Conclusions
The vagus nerve could minimize HIR-induced liver apoptosis through activating α7nAChR on KCs possibly by preventing their excessive ROS production.
New, Virtually Wall-Less Cannulas Designed for Augmented Venous Drainage in Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery
Authors: von Segesser Ludwig Karl , Berdajs Denis , Abdel-Sayed Saad , Tozzi Piergiorgio , Ferrari Enrico , Maisano Francesco 
Published: August 2016

Objective Inadequate venous drainage during minimally invasive cardiac surgery becomes most evident when the blood trapped in the pulmonary circulation floods the surgical field. The present study was designed to assess the in vivo performance of new, thinner, virtually wall-less, venous cannulas designed for augmented venous drainage in comparison to traditional thin-wall cannulas. Methods Remote cannulation was realized in 5 bovine experiments (74.0 ± 2.4 kg) with percutaneous venous access over the wire, serial dilation up to 18 F and insertion of either traditional 19 F thin wall, wire-wound cannulas, or through the same access channel, new, thinner, virtually wall-less, braided cannulas designed for augmented venous drainage. A standard minimal extracorporeal circuit set with a centrifugal pump and a hollow fiber membrane oxygenator, but no inline reservoir was used. One hundred fifty pairs of pump-flow and required pump inlet pressure values were recorded with calibrated pressure transducers and a flowmeter calibrated by a volumetric tank and timer at increasing pump speed from 1500 RPM to 3500 RPM (500-RPM increments). Results Pump flow accounted for 1.73 ± 0.85 l/min for wall-less versus 1.17 ± 0.45 l/min for thin wall at 1500 RPM, 3.91 ± 0.86 versus 3.23 ± 0.66 at 2500 RPM, 5.82 ± 1.05 versus 4.96 ± 0.81 at 3500 RPM. Pump inlet pressure accounted for 9.6 ± 9.7 mm Hg versus 4.2 ± 18.8 mm Hg for 1500 RPM, −42.4 ± 26.7 versus −123 ± 51.1 at 2500 RPM, and −126.7 ± 55.3 versus −313 ±116.7 for 3500 RPM. Conclusions At the well-accepted pump inlet pressure of −80 mm Hg, the new, thinner, virtually wall-less, braided cannulas provide unmatched venous drainage in vivo. Early clinical analyses have confirmed these findings.
Consequences of Delayed, Unfinished, or Missed Nursing Care During Labor and Birth
Authors: Simpson Kathleen Rice , Lyndon Audrey 
Published: August 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine the concept of delayed, unfinished, or missed nursing care when patient census and acuity exceed nurse staffing resources with nurses who care for women during labor and birth. Focus groups were held during which labor nurses were asked about aspects of nursing care that may be regularly delayed, unfinished, or completely missed during labor and birth, including possible reasons and potential consequences. Seventy-one labor nurses participated in 11 focus groups in 6 hospitals. Nurses focused on support and encouragement as aspects of care that they felt are essential but often not able to be performed when the unit is busy. Nurses seemed to assume technical features of care as a “given” in the background and not always noticed unless missed. They voiced concerns about risks to maternal and fetal well-being when they were short-staffed. Potential outcomes were discussed including cesarean birth, depressed infants at birth, hemorrhage, and negative effects on patient satisfaction, successful breast-feeding, and the overall patient experience.

Conclusion:
When essential aspects of nursing care are delayed, unfinished, or completely missed, there are potentially negative implications for numerous patient outcomes and patient safety is at risk.
Nutritional Status in Short Stature Children Is Related to Both Ghrelin and Insulin‐like Growth Factor I Concentrations
Authors: Stawerska Renata , Czkwianianc Elżbieta , Smyczyńska Joanna , Hilczer Maciej , Lewiński Andrzej 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTObjectives:Ghrelin plays an important role in the growth processes in children. In addition, it regulates appetite. The aim of the study was to assess ghrelin and insulin‐like growth factor type I (IGF‐I) concentrations in children with idiopathic short stature, dependent on nutritional status.Methods:The study group included 116 children, ages 10.6 ± 3.5 years (mean ± standard deviation), with idiopathic short stature (height <−2.0 standard deviation scores [SDS], maximal growth hormone [GH] secretion during 2 GH‐stimulating tests—>10 ng/mL). In each child, fasting ghrelin, IGF‐I, insulin‐like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP‐3), glucose, insulin, lipids, leptin, adiponectin, and resistin concentrations were assessed. The IGF‐I/IGFBP‐3 molar ratio was calculated to determine the IGF‐I bioavailability. According to body mass index SDS calculated for height age, the children were divided into 3 groups: poorly nourished (thin), normal, and obese. The control group consisted of 19 healthy children, ages 11.0 ± 3.5 years, with normal body weight and height.Results:Ghrelin concentration was significantly higher in short, thin children than in short, obese children (1458.3 ± 798.5 vs 917.2 ± 303.0 pg/mL; P < 0.005). In turn, IGF‐I/IGFBP‐3 molar ratio was significantly lower in short, thin children than in short, obese children (0.16 ± 0.06 vs 0.28 ± 0.15; P < 0.005).Conclusions:In short, thin children, despite elevated ghrelin production, the low IGF‐I concentration is observed, probably due to undernutrition and worse IGF‐I formation. In short, normal‐weight children and in short, obese ones, ghrelin and IGF‐I production is normal, and it seems that mechanisms responsible for their short stature are other than low IGF‐I.
Animal Studies and the Mechanism of Myopia—Protection by Light?
Authors: Ashby Regan 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that spending time outdoors during your childhood is protective against the development of myopia. It has been hypothesized that this protective effect is associated with light-induced increases in retinal dopamine levels, a critical neuromodulator that has long been postulated to be involved in the regulation of ocular growth. This paper, along with the paper entitled “What do animal studies tell us about the mechanism of myopia—protection by light?” discusses the evidence provided by animal models for this hypothesis.
The Possible Role of Peripheral Refraction in Development of Myopia
Authors: Atchison David A. , Rosén Robert 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
Recent longitudinal studies do not support the current theory of relative peripheral hyperopia causing myopia. The theory is based on misunderstanding of the Hoogerheide et al. article of 1971, which actually found relative peripheral hyperopia to be present after, rather than before, myopia development. The authors present two alternative theories of the role of peripheral refraction in the development and progression of myopia. The one for which most detail is given is based on cessation of ocular growth when the periphery is at an emmetropic stage as determined by equivalent blur of the two line foci caused by oblique astigmatism. This paper is based on an invited commentary on the role of lens treatments in myopia from the 15th International Myopia Conference in Wenzhou, China in September 2015.
Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Is Associated With Asymptomatic Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Ferrari Ana Luisa V. , Calonga L. , Lapa Aline T. , Postal Mariana , Sinicato Nailu A. , Peliçari Karina O. , Peres Fernando A. , Valente João Paulo , Soki Marcelo , Appenzeller Simone , Costallat Lilian T.L. 
Published: August 2016

Objective
The aims of this study were to determine the frequency of asymptomatic sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to determine the association between SNHL and demographic, clinical, and laboratory features and cardiovascular risk factors.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study including consecutive female SLE patients. We performed audiometry and clinical and laboratory evaluation and determined cardiovascular risk factors in all patients. Statistical analysis included principal component analysis and logistic regression.

Results
Eighty-nine women were included with mean age of 38.98 (SD, 7.77) years and mean disease duration of 10.29 (SD, 9.19) years. Asymptomatic SNHL was observed in 14 patients (16%). In logistic regression model, only low-density lipoprotein levels (z = 2.64; P = 0.008) were associated with SNHL.

Conclusions
We observed asymptomatic SNHL in 16% of SLE and an association with low-density lipoprotein levels suggesting atherosclerosis as a mechanism. Follow-up is needed to determine clinical implications.
Diagnosing Light Chain Amyloidosis on Temporal Artery Biopsies for Suspected Giant Cell Arteritis
Authors: Ghinai Rosanna A. M. , Mahmood Shameem , Mukonoweshuro Pinias , Webber Sally , Wechalekar Ashutosh D. , Moore Sally E. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract:
Although still rarely diagnosed, amyloid light chain (AL) amyloidosis is the most common form of systemic amyloidosis. It is characterized by misfolded monoclonal immunoglobulin light chain fragments that accumulate extracellularly as amyloid fibrils, with consequent organ dysfunction. We report 2 such cases where initial symptoms and signs were identical to and mistaken for those of giant cell arteritis, associated with polymyalgia rheumatica. Neither patient responded to high-dose corticosteroids; instead, their temporal artery biopsies revealed amyloid deposits and other investigations confirmed a diagnosis of systemic AL amyloidosis. Review of the literature reveals similar cases of diagnostic confusion spanning 75 years. We have summarized the findings and learning points from cases reported in the past 30 years and highlight the need for increased awareness and investigation of this underrecognized syndrome.
Edlib: a C/C++ library for fast, exact sequence alignment using edit distance
Authors: Šošić Martin , Šikić Mile 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe present Edlib, an open-source C/C++ library for exact pairwise sequence alignment using edit distance. We compare Edlib to other libraries and show that it is the fastest while not lacking in functionality, and can also easily handle very large sequences. Being easy to use, flexible, fast and low on memory usage, we expect it to be a cornerstone for many future bioinformatics tools.Source code, installation instructions and test data are freely available for download athttps://github.com/Martinsos/edlib, implemented in C/C++ and supported on Linux, MS Windows, and Mac OS.Contact:mile.sikic@fer.hr
Dynamic updating of hippocampal object representations reflects new conceptual knowledge
Authors: Mack Michael L. , Love Bradley C. , Preston Alison R. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractConcepts organize the relationship among individual stimuli or events by highlighting shared features. Often, new goals require updating conceptual knowledge to reflect relationships based on different goal-relevant features. Here, our aim is to determine how hippocampal (HPC) object representations are organized and updated to reflect changing conceptual knowledge. Participants learned two classification tasks in which successful learning required attention to different stimulus features, thus providing a means to index how representations of individual stimuli are reorganized according to changing task goals. We used a computational learning model to capture how people attended to goal-relevant features and organized object representations based on those features during learning. Using representational similarity analyses of functional magnetic resonance imaging data, we demonstrate that neural representations in left anterior HPC correspond with model predictions of concept organization. Moreover, we show that during early learning, when concept updating is most consequential, HPC is functionally coupled with prefrontal regions. Based on these findings, we propose that when task goals change, object representations in HPC can be organized in new ways, resulting in updated concepts that highlight the features most critical to the new goal.Significance StatementA cosmopolitan couple looking for a home may focus on trendy features. But, with news of a baby on the way, they must quickly learn which features make for a child-friendly home to conceptually reorganize their set of potential homes. Here, we investigate how conceptual knowledge is updated in the brain when goals change and attention shifts to new information. By combining fMRI with computational modeling, we find that object representations in the human hippocampus are dynamically updated with concept-relevant information during learning. We also demonstrate that when concept updating is most consequential, the hippocampus is functionally coupled with neocortex. Our findings suggest that the brain reorganizes when concepts change and provide support for a neurocomputational theory of concept formation.
Effects of plant evolution on nutrient cycling couple aboveground and belowground processes
Authors: Loeuille Nicolas , Le Mao Tiphaine , Barot Sébastien 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPlant strategies for nutrient acquisition and recycling are key components of ecosystem functioning. How the evolution of such strategies modifies ecosystem functioning and services is still not well understood. In the present work, we aim at understanding how the evolution of different phenotypic traits link aboveground and belowground processes, thereby affecting the functioning of the ecosystem at different scales and in different realms. Using a simple model, we follow the dynamics of a limiting nutrient inside an ecosystem. Considering trade-offs between aboveground and belowground functional traits, we study the effects of the evolution of such strategies on ecosystem properties (amount of mineral nutrient, total plant biomass, dead organic matter and primary productivity) and whether such properties are maximized. Our results show that when evolution leads to a stable outcome, it minimizes the quantity of nutrient available (following Tilman's R* rule). We also show that considering the evolution of aboveground and belowground functional traits simultaneously, total plant biomass and primary productivity are not necessarily maximized through evolution. The coupling of aboveground and belowground processes through evolution may largely diminish predicted standing biomass and productivity (extinction may even occur), and impact the evolutionary resilience (ie, the return time to previous phenotypic states) of the ecosystem in face of external disturbances. We show that changes in plant biomass and their effects on evolutionary change can be understood by accounting for the links between nutrient uptake and mineralization, and for indirect effects of nutrient uptake on the amount of detritus in the system.