bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and microbiological characteristics associated with mortality in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: a multicenter cohort study
Authors: Oliveira Ana M. , Branco Joana C. , Barosa Rita , Rodrigues José A. , Ramos Lídia , Martins Alexandra , Karvellas Constantine J. , Cardoso Filipe S. 
Published: July 2016

Objectives
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a prevalent and high mortality complication of cirrhosis. We aimed to describe these patients’ clinical and microbiological characteristics and evaluate their impact on outcomes.

Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study including 139 consecutive patients with positive culture SBP from three Portuguese centers diagnosed between 2009 and 2014. Multivariate logistic regression was used to study associations with 30-day mortality.

Results
The mean age of the patients was 62 years and 81% of patients were men. The mean model for end-stage liver disease score was 19. Hepatic encephalopathy, hepatorenal syndrome, and variceal bleeding developed in 47, 30, and 21% of patients, respectively. Gram-positive bacteria were isolated in the ascitic fluid of 42% of patients. Resistance to quinolones and multiresistance were found in 33 and 17% of patients, respectively. C-reactive protein level (adjusted odds ratio, 1.16 per 1 mg/l increment) and development of hepatorenal syndrome (adjusted odds ratio, 2.86) were associated independently with 30-day mortality (model’s area under the curve, 0.78).

Conclusion
In this cohort, SBP portended high early mortality. Gram-positive bacteria, bacteria resistant to quinolones, and multiresistant bacteria were identified in considerable proportions of patients. In the setting of the high early mortality and changing microbiological profile, SBP management strategies need to be improved.
Near Point of Convergence after Concussion in Children
Authors: Storey Eileen P. , Master Stephen R. , Lockyer Julia E. , Podolak Olivia E. , Grady Matthew F. , Master Christina L. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To determine the incidence of abnormal near point of convergence (NPC) after acute concussion in pediatric patients and to describe the clinical course of such patients.

Methods
A retrospective cohort study of 275 pediatric patients 5 to 18 years of age presenting to a tertiary care children’s hospital subspecialty concussion program with a new concussion between July 1, 2014 and June 30, 2015 was conducted.

Results
Sixty-seven out of 275 pediatric patients presenting to a subspecialty concussion referral program were found to have abnormal NPC on physical examination as measured by an accommodative rule. Twenty-six (46%) patients recovered with standard clinical care over a median time frame of 4.5 weeks (range 1–18), including a brief period of cognitive and physical rest followed by gradual return to school and physical activities without any formal interventions. An additional 23 (41%) patients recovered a median of 11 weeks post-injury after referral for formal vestibular therapy, including interventions for abnormal convergence, such as Brock string and pencil pushups. Seven (13%) patients with persistent abnormal NPC and concomitant symptoms that necessitated referral for formal office-based vision therapy with developmental optometry recovered a median of 23 weeks post-injury and a median of 16 weeks after referral to vision therapy.

Conclusions
Assessment for NPC is a diagnostic entity that warrants consideration in children with concussion. Concussion questionnaires may not be sensitive to detect vision symptoms in children, making an accurate assessment for convergence important in the evaluation of concussion. Some children with abnormal NPC will recover without any formal intervention after concussion; however, a subset of patients with persistent abnormal NPC after concussion may benefit from interventions including vestibular and/or vision therapy.
Pathology of the Superior Colliculus in Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy
Authors: Armstrong Richard A. , McKee Ann C. , Cairns Nigel J. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To investigate neuropathological changes in the superior colliculus in chronic traumatic encephalopathy.

Methods
The densities of the tau-immunoreactive neurofibrillary tangles, neuropil threads, dot-like grains, astrocytic tangles, and neuritic plaques, together with abnormally enlarged neurons, typical neurons, vacuolation, and frequency of contacts with blood vessels, were studied across the superior colliculus from pia mater to the periaqueductal gray in eight chronic traumatic encephalopathy and six control cases.

Results
Tau-immunoreactive pathology was absent in the superior colliculus of controls but present in varying degrees in all chronic traumatic encephalopathy cases, significant densities of tau-immunoreactive neurofibrillary tangles, NT, or dot-like grains being present in three cases. No significant differences in overall density of the tau-immunoreactive neurofibrillary tangles, neuropil threads, dot-like grains, enlarged neurons, vacuoles, or contacts with blood vessels were observed in control and chronic traumatic encephalopathy cases, but chronic traumatic encephalopathy cases had significantly lower mean densities of neurons. The distribution of surviving neurons across the superior colliculus suggested greater neuronal loss in intermediate and lower laminae in chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Changes in density of the tau-immunoreactive pathology across the laminae were variable, but in six chronic traumatic encephalopathy cases, densities of tau-immunoreactive neurofibrillary tangles, neuropil threads, or dot-like grains were significantly greater in intermediate and lower laminae. Pathological changes were not correlated with the distribution of blood vessels.

Conclusions
The data suggest significant pathology affecting the superior colliculus in a proportion of chronic traumatic encephalopathy cases with a laminar distribution which could compromise motor function rather than sensory analysis.
Religion and HIV Sexual Risk Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in China
Authors: Pan Stephen W. , Zhang Zheng , Li Dongliang , Carpiano Richard M. , Schechter Martin T. , Ruan Yuhua , Spittal Patricia M. 
Published: July 2016

Background:
Religion can profoundly impact the sociocultural contexts that shape sexual HIV vulnerability among men who have sex with men (MSM). However, the relationship between religion and HIV vulnerability remains poorly understood for MSM in China, where religious affiliations and practices are rapidly increasing.

Methods:
Using cross-sectional survey data collected in Beijing and Tianjin, China, from 2013 to 2014 (n = 400), this study tests 3 hypotheses regarding religion and HIV sexual risk: (1) HIV vulnerabilities and testing patterns among religiously affiliated MSM are lower than for areligious MSM, (2) religiosity is inversely associated with HIV vulnerabilities and testing, and (3) the magnitude of inverse association between religiosity and HIV vulnerabilities/testing will be stronger among Christian and Muslim MSM than Buddhist and areligious MSM.

Results:
Compared with areligious participants, Buddhists had higher odds of reporting unprotected anal intercourse [adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 2.06, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.13 to 3.75] and more male sex partners (AOR: 1.95, 1.16–3.27), whereas Muslims had lower odds of reporting unprotected anal intercourse (AOR: 0.33, 95% CI: 0.15 to 0.73) and higher odds of reporting male circumcision (AOR: 3.04, 95% CI: 1.45 to 6.40). Reporting of forced sex was associated with more frequent participation in social religious activities (AOR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.52) and private religious activities (AOR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.61). Among Christians, participation in private religious activities was associated with lower odds of reporting anal intercourse (AOR: 0.49, 95% CI: 0.27 to 0.88).

Conclusions:
The sustained growth of multiple religious traditions in China appears to have important implications for HIV vulnerability among religious minority MSM.
Integrating clinical and genetic observations in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy
Authors: Mul Karlien , van den Boogaard Marlinde L. , van der Maarel Silvère M. , van Engelen Baziel G.M. 
Published: July 2016

Purpose of review
This review gives an overview of the currently known key clinical and (epi)genetic aspects of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) and provides perspectives to facilitate future research.

Recent findings
Clinically, imaging studies have contributed to a detailed characterization of the FSHD phenotype, and a model is proposed with five stages of disease progression. A number of clinical trials have been conducted regarding exercise and diet aiming to reduce symptoms. Genetically, at least two different mechanisms (FSHD1 and FSHD2) lead to double homeobox 4 (DUX4) expression in skeletal myocytes, which is expected to be necessary for the disease. Disease severity is most likely determined by a combination of the D4Z4 repeat size and its epigenetic state.

Summary
FSHD is one of the most common muscular dystrophies and is characterized by a typical distribution of muscle weakness. Progress has been made on clinical as well as on (epi)genetic aspects of the disease. Currently, there is no cure available for FSHD. For successful development of new treatments targeting the disease process, integration of clinical and pathogenetic knowledge is essential. A clinical trial toolbox that consists of patient registries, biomarkers and clinical outcome measures will be required to effectively conduct future clinical trials.
The clinically approved antiviral drug sofosbuvir impairs brazilian zika virus replication
Authors: Sacramento Caroline Q. , de Melo Gabrielle R. , Rocha Natasha , Bôas Hoelz Lucas Villas , Mesquita Milene , de Freitas Caroline S. , Fintelman Rodrigues Natalia , Marttorelli Andressa , Ferreiral André C. , Barbosa-Lima Giselle , Bastos Mônica M. , de Mello Volotão Eduardo , Tschoeke Diogo A. , Leomil Luciana , Bozza Fernando A. , Bozza Patrícia T. , Boechat Nubia , Thompson Fabiano L. , de Filippis Ana M. B. , Brüning Karin , Souza Thiago Moreno L. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryZika virus (ZIKV) is a member ofFlaviviridaefamily, as other agents of clinical significance, such as dengue (DENV) and hepatitis C (HCV) viruses. ZIKV spread from Africa to Pacific and South American territories, emerging as an etiological pathogen of neurological disorders, during fetal development and in adulthood. Therefore, antiviral drugs able to inhibit ZIKV replication are necessary. Broad spectrum antivirals, such as interferon, ribavirin and favipiravir, are harmful for pregnant animal models and women. The clinically approved uridine nucleotide analog anti-HCV drug, sofosbuvir, has not been affiliated to teratogenicity. Sofosbuvir target the most conserved protein over the members of theFlaviviridaefamily, the viral RNA polymerase. We thus studied ZIKV susceptibility to sofosbovir. We initially characterized a Brazilian ZIKV strain for use in experimental assays. Sofosbuvir inhibits the Brazilian ZIKV replication in a dose-dependent manner, both in BHK-21 cells and SH-Sy5y, by targeting ZIKV RNA polymerase activity, with the involvement of conserved amino acid residues over the members ofFlaviviridaefamily. The identification of clinically approved antiviral drugs endowed with anti-ZIKV could reduce the time frame in pre-clinical development. Altogether, our data indicates that sofosbuvir chemical structure is endowed with anti-ZIKV activity.
An Empirical Analysis of Topic Modeling for Mining Cancer Clinical Notes
Authors: Redfield Chang Katherine , Lou Xinghua , Karaletsos Theofanis , Crosbie Christopher , Gardos Stuart , Artz David , Rätsch Gunnar 
Published: July 2016

AbstractUsing a variety of techniques including Topic Modeling, Principal Component Analysis and Bi-clustering, we explore electronic patient records in the form of unstructured clinical notes and genetic mutation test results. Our ultimate goal is to gain insight into a unique body of clinical data, specifically regarding the topics discussed within the note content and relationships between patient clinical notes and their underlying genetics.
Brand management in top-tier college athletics: examining and explaining mark-usage policies
Authors: Kellison Timothy B. , Bass Jordan R. , Oja Brent D. , James Jeffrey D. 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
– The practice of an interscholastic athletic department reproducing the logo of a collegiate team for its own use is becoming increasingly visible. In response to this growth, many collegiate licensing departments have begun actively enforcing zero-tolerance policies that prohibit third parties from using their respective colleges’ trademarks. Conversely, other institutions have exercised discretion by allowing high school programs to use their athletic departments’ logos only after receiving assurances from the high school that it will adhere to strict usage guidelines. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper provides a thorough discussion on the concept of brand dilution and its application to sport. More specifically the study gives an account of the strategies employed by trademark specialists to protect (and in some cases, enhance) the equity of their brands. To identify these strategies, a qualitative questionnaire was employed, which was completed by 13 brand managers representing institutions from the Atlantic Coast Conference, Big 12 Conference, Big Ten Conference, Mid-American Conference, Missouri Valley Conference, Pac-12 Conference, and the Southeastern Conference.

Findings
– Qualitative questionnaire responses from collegiate brand managers suggest that licensing departments differ in their perceptions of the outcomes associated with allowing logo replication in high school athletic departments.

Originality/value
– Perceived consequences of two enforcement strategies – prohibitive and cooperative – are highlighted, as are implications and directions for future research.
Online and mobile marketing strategies as drivers of brand love in sports teams
Authors: Baena Verónica 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to analyze the role of online and mobile marketing as drivers of brand love.

Design/methodology/approach
– Data were collected through an online survey during early 2013. A total of 241 valid answered questionnaires were collected and the constructs were tested for unidimensionality by using principal components analysis.

Findings
– This work confirms that in spite of the fact that players are relevant assets and investments, sports managers need to concentrate their efforts on managing the team’s brand, as this is one of the company’s most important assets. Moreover, the present paper shows that developing an interactive website is not enough to get brand love. In particular, findings reveal that traditional websites are no longer motivating customers to return to the site. As a result, sports managers need to use interactive marketing mediums to connect with consumers in real time. In addition, by integrating different elements of social media such as blogs, YouTube, Facebook, and Twitter, professional teams elevate presence and create virtual communities, which influence the choice of brands and impact fan engagement.

Practical implications
– As the Real Madrid branded mobile application was not found to be a driver of brand love, marketers should consider this strategy with caution.

Originality/value
– This work could also be of help for sport managers considering mobile marketing as a way to interact with their followers.
Challenges in Italian wine routes: managing stakeholder networks
Authors: Bregoli Ilenia , Hingley Martin , Del Chiappa Giacomo , Sodano Valeria 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
The aim of this article is to analyse how wine and tourism operators understand the concept of a wine route, to determine the impact that definition can have on the extent to which stakeholders working within distinct, but related sectors (namely wine production, tourism, food and hospitality) collaborate with each other and share knowledge.

Design/methodology/approach
By adopting the theoretical lens of “boundary objects” (understood as tangible or intangible entities that allow the sharing of meaning to different groups and facilitate collaboration), this article uses a qualitative approach, based on semi-structured interviews of 20 informants working in three different wine routes in Italy. Analysis of data is carried out to highlight the similarities and differences between the wine and tourism (including identified associated service) industries.

Findings
Wine routes can be considered boundary objects that, if clearly defined by local stakeholders, can facilitate knowledge sharing and collaboration. Problems in collaboration could be explained by an initial mis-definition by stakeholders of what a wine route and its remit are.

Research limitations/implications
As the theoretical lens of “boundary objects” was applied for the first time to wine routes and tourism, further research is necessary to validate its application.

Practical implications
It is suggested that managers of wine routes involve all stakeholders in discussions to achieve a common understanding on what a wine route is, and its role in the promotion of “place” (geographical context of the wine route). Only if this is done successfully, is it possible to achieve collaboration.

Originality/value
This article uses the concept of “boundary objects” (a concept traditionally applied to the study of innovation) to the analysis of wine routes and provides further theoretical and managerial insights concerning networking between wine and tourism sectors, taking a supply-side perspective.
High cover of hedgerows in the landscape supports multiple ecosystem services in Mediterranean cereal fields
Authors: Dainese Matteo , Montecchiari Silvia , Sitzia Tommaso , Sigura Maurizia , Marini Lorenzo 
Published: July 2016

Summary

Field‐margin diversification through conservation and restoration of hedgerows is becoming a prominent intervention for promoting biodiversity and associated ecosystem services in intensive agricultural landscapes. However, how increasing cover of hedgerows in the landscape can affect ecosystem services has rarely been considered.

Here, we assessed the effect of increased field‐margin complexity at the local scale and increasing cover of hedgerows in the landscape on the provision of pest control, weed control and potential pollination. Locally, three types of field margin were compared as follows: (i) standard grass margin, (ii) simple hedgerow and (iii) complex hedgerow, along two independent gradients of hedgerow cover and arable land cover in the landscape. We performed an exclusion experiment to measure biological control of cereal aphids and assessed natural enemy and pest abundance in the field. We sampled plant weed communities and performed a phytometer experiment to test the effects of pollinators on plant reproductive success.

At the local scale, planting a new hedgerow or improving its structural complexity and vegetation diversity did not enhance the delivery of ecosystem services in the neighbouring field.

However, high cover of hedgerows in the landscape enhanced aphid parasitism (from 12 to 18%) and potential pollination (visitation rate and seed set increased up to 70%) irrespective of local margin quality. The cover of arable land in the landscape reduced the abundance of plant‐dwelling predators and weed diversity, but did not affect the delivery of the investigated ecosystem services.

Synthesis and applications. Our results highlight the key importance of the surrounding landscape context, rather than local factors, to the delivery of ecosystem services. This suggests a need for new policies that pay particular attention to the conservation of hedgerows at large scales for promoting multiple ecosystem services in agroecosystems. Specifically, hedgerows can serve to develop a network of ecological corridors that can facilitate the movement of beneficial organisms, such as pollinators and natural enemies in the agricultural matrix. Such interventions may be a ‘low cost–high benefit solution’, since farmers can create or conserve high‐quality habitats taking little or no land from crop production and without the need to change their crop management.
Extracellular DNases of Ralstonia solanacearum modulate biofilms and facilitate bacterial wilt virulence
Authors: Minh Tran Tuan , MacIntyre April , Khokhani Devanshi , Hawes Martha , Allen Caitilyn 
Published: July 2016

SummaryRalstonia solanacearum is a soil‐borne vascular pathogen that colonizes plant xylem vessels, a flowing, low‐nutrient habitat where biofilms could be adaptive. Ralstonia solanacearum forms biofilm in vitro, but it was not known if the pathogen benefits from biofilms during infection. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that during tomato infection, R. solanacearum forms biofilm‐like masses in xylem vessels. These aggregates contain bacteria embedded in a matrix including chromatin‐like fibres commonly observed in other bacterial biofilms. Chemical and enzymatic assays demonstrated that the bacterium releases extracellular DNA in culture and that DNA is an integral component of the biofilm matrix. An R. solanacearum mutant lacking the pathogen's two extracellular nucleases (exDNases) formed non‐spreading colonies and abnormally thick biofilms in vitro. The biofilms formed by the exDNase mutant in planta contained more and thicker fibres. This mutant was also reduced in virulence on tomato plants and did not spread in tomato stems as well as the wild‐type strain, suggesting that these exDNases facilitate biofilm maturation and bacterial dispersal. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that R. solanacearum forms biofilms in plant xylem vessels, and the first documentation that plant pathogens use DNases to modulate their biofilm structure for systemic spread and virulence.
Docetaxel–Chitosan nanoparticles for breast cancer treatment: cell viability and gene expression study
Authors: Mirzaie Zahra H. , Irani Shiva , Mirfakhraie Reza , Atyabi Seyed Mohammad , Dinarvand Meshkat , Dinarvand Rassoul , Varshochian Reyhaneh , Atyabi Fatemeh 
Published: July 2016

Docetaxel acts through the inhibition of tubulin polymerization and reduction in the expression of BCL‐2 gene. In this study, nanoparticles containing Docetaxel were prepared and their effects on the gene expression levels of BCL‐2 and BAX genes were investigated. The drug was first conjugated to chitosan, and the nanoparticles were assembled in the presence of hyaluronic acid. Conjugations were confirmed by 1H‐NMR, and the obtained nanoparticles were characterized by dynamic light scattering and SEM. Cytotoxicity of the nanoparticles, cellular uptake, and cell death were evaluated. Finally, the effect of nanoparticles on the expression of BAX and BCL‐2 genes in MCF‐7 cells were investigated through real‐time PCR. The results revealed that the prepared NPs had spherical shape with narrow size distribution of <200 nm with positive zeta potentials. In vitro cytotoxicity of Cs nanoparticles and free Docetaxel investigations revealed that increasing the treatment time with nanoparticles led to decrease in the rate of cell viability. BAX and BCL‐2 gene expressions were decreased in nanoparticle‐treated cells in comparison with intact cells, while the BAX/BCL‐2 ratio was significantly elevated compared with free drug‐treated cells after 72 h. Docetaxel‐conjugated NPs may offer a promising treatment with low off‐target toxicity for breast cancer.