bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maresin conjugates in tissue regeneration biosynthesis enzymes in human macrophages
Authors: Dalli Jesmond , Vlasakov Iliyan , Riley Ian R. , Rodriguez Ana R. , Spur Bernd W. , Petasis Nicos A. , Chiang Nan , Serhan Charles N. 
Published: October 2016

Significance
We recently uncovered a family of macrophage-derived molecules, coined maresin conjugates in tissue regeneration, that regulate the system’s ability to clear bacteria as well as repair and regenerate damaged tissues. In the present study, we identified enzymes involved in the formation of these potent molecules in human macrophages. These enzymes were shared with the classic cysteinyl leukotrienes, underscoring the presence of conserved biosynthetic motifs in these two functionally distinct lipid mediator families. Inhibition of these pathways upregulated the formation of several specialized proresolving mediator (SPM) families including D- and E-series resolvins. Thus, these illustrate the dynamic nature of the SPM biosynthetic pathways and provide new targets in the resolution of inflammation and regulation of tissue repair and regeneration.
Central role for melanocortin-4 receptors in offspring hypertension arising from maternal obesity
Authors: Samuelsson Anne-Maj S. , Mullier Amandine , Maicas Nuria , Oosterhuis Nynke R. , Eun Bae Sung , Novoselova Tatiana V. , Chan Li F. , Pombo Joaquim M. , Taylor Paul D. , Joles Jaap A. , Coen Clive W. , Balthasar Nina , Poston Lucilla 
Published: October 2016

Significance
Obesity is increasing in pregnant women worldwide. Independent associations have been reported between maternal obesity and metabolic cardiorenal disorders in the offspring, including hypertension. In this study, using genetically modified mice, we have identified a role for the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVH) melanocortin system in the etiology of hypertension. We show that maternal obesity permanently resets the responsiveness of the central sympathetic nervous system via this pathway. We conclude that neonatal leptin exposure is the primary mediator, because exogenous neonatal leptin administration to pups of lean mice leads to the same phenotype mediated by PVH melanocortin-4 receptors. Thus, primary hypertension of sympathetic origin can result from early-life exposure to maternal obesity, and the melanocortin pathway presents a target for intervention.
Evidence from mixed hydrate nucleation for a funnel model of crystallization
Authors: Hall Kyle Wm. , Carpendale Sheelagh , Kusalik Peter G. 
Published: October 2016

Significance
Molecular crystallization, and its promotion and inhibition, is important across a broad range of fields. Previous work has asserted, although not substantiated, that crystallization and protein folding are somehow similar processes. Here, through detailed analysis of gas hydrate nucleation, we demonstrate that hydrate nucleation involves funnel-shaped potential energy landscapes, and put forth a funnel model of crystallization. This funnel model of crystallization provides a lens for exploring and understanding crystallization and potentially other ordering processes. We show that the phenomenological similarities between crystallization and protein folding result from underlying similarities between essential features of these microscopic ordering processes. This work thus provides a key connection between these two important but disparate research domains, thereby enabling knowledge advancement in both.
Identification of the SNARE complex mediating the exocytosis of NMDA receptors
Authors: Gu Yi , Huganir Richard L. 
Published: October 2016

Significance
NMDA receptors are ionotropic glutamate receptors and crucial for excitatory synaptic transmissions in the brain. We studied the regulation of the exocytosis of NMDA receptors by directly visualizing their exocytic events in rat hippocampal neurons by using total internal reflection florescence microscopy (TIRFM). We characterized the constitutive exocytic events of NMDA receptors and identified the Rab proteins involved in the exocytosis. Moreover, combining the TIRFM and immunocytochemistry methods, we found that the SNAP25–VAMP1–syntaxin4 complex mediated the constitutive exocytosis of NMDA receptor and maintained the expression of NMDA receptors at both extrasynaptic and synaptic surfaces. These results suggest that the SNAP25–VAMP1–syntaxin4 complex is important for neural functions by mediating the delivery of NMDA receptors to the plasma membrane.
Protest music, populism, politics and authenticity
Authors: Way Lyndon C.S. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Political discourses are found not only in speeches and newspapers, but also in cultural artefacts such as architecture, art and music. Turkey’s June 2013 protests saw an explosion of music videos distributed on the internet. This paper uses these videos as a case study to examine the limits and potential of popular music’s articulation of popular and populist politics. Though both terms encompass what is “widely favoured”, populism includes discourses which construct “the people” pitted against “an elite”. Past research has shown how popular music can articulate subversive politics, though these do not detail what that subversion means and how it is articulated. This paper uses specific examples to demonstrate how musical sounds, lyrics and images articulate populist and popular politics. From a corpus of over 100 videos, a typical example is analysed employing social semiotics. It is found that popular music has the potential to contribute to the public sphere, though its limits are also exposed.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal associations in plant nutrition and health.
Authors: Rintoul N. L. J. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi have co-evolved over a period of at least 450 million years. This fungal-plant association involves the transfer of carbon to the obligate biotropic fungus, in return for a wide range of beneficial functions. Although this is usually a mutualistic relationship, it can become parasitic to the plant under adverse conditions. Here, the research examining mechanisms by which mycorrhizal associations improve plant fitness is reviewed. Although there is strong evidence that a number of beneficial functions are performed by mycorrhizae, the mechanisms behind these are often not clear. There are numerous factors which influence these mechanisms and their outcomes, one or more of which can be affecting the association simultaneously. The knowledge we have on arbusular mycorrhizal associations with plants could be applied to various land management practices in order to improve soil degradation brought about by anthropogenic activities. These include erosion, drought, nutrient stress and salinization, and are often a result of poor land management. In order to use mycorrhizal fungi as a biomanagement tool, more research is required, particularly in mature field communities over long timescales. There is a need to invest in the development of sustainable agroecological management methods and to design future policy and legislation that encourages large organizations to incorporate more sustainable practices whilst protecting small-scale farmers.
Demographic Characteristics of an Adfluvial Bull Trout Population in Lake Pend Oreille, Idaho
Authors: McCubbins Jonathan L. , Hansen Michael J. , DosSantos Joseph M. , Dux Andrew M. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Introductions of nonnative species, habitat loss, and stream fragmentation have caused the Bull Trout Salvelinus confluentus to decline throughout much of its native distribution. Consequently, in June 1998, the Bull Trout was listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act as threatened. The Bull Trout has existed in Lake Pend Oreille and its surrounding tributaries since the last ice age, and the lake once supported a world-renowned Bull Trout fishery. To quantify the current status of the Bull Trout population in Lake Pend Oreille, Idaho, we compared the mean age, growth, maturity, and abundance with reports in a study conducted one decade earlier. Abundance was estimated by mark–recapture for Bull Trout caught in trap nets and gill nets set in Lake Pend Oreille during ongoing suppression netting of Lake Trout S. namaycush in 2007–2008. Bull Trout sampled in 2006–2008 were used to estimate age structure, survival, growth, and maturity. Estimated Bull Trout abundance was similar to that estimated one decade earlier in Lake Pend Oreille. Bull Trout residing in Lake Pend Oreille between 2006 and 2008 were between ages 4 and 14 years; their growth was fastest between ages 1 and 2 and slowed thereafter. Male and female Bull Trout matured at a similar age, but females grew faster than males, thereby maturing at a larger size. Our findings suggest that management has effectively addressed current threats to increase the likelihood of long-term persistence of the Bull Trout population in Lake Pend Oreille.
Received November 13, 2015; accepted June 29, 2016 Published online October 7, 2016
X-ray and infrared diagnostics of nearby active galactic nuclei with MAXI and AKARI
Authors: Isobe Naoki , Kawamuro Taiki , Oyabu Shinki , Nakagawa Takao , Baba Shunsuke , Yano Kenichi , Ueda Yoshihiro , Toba Yoshiki 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Nearby active galactic nuclei were diagnosed in the X-ray and mid-to-far infrared wavelengths with Monitor of All-sky X-ray Image (MAXI) and the Japanese infrared observatory AKARI, respectively. One hundred of the X-ray sources listed in the second release of the MAXI all-sky X-ray source catalog are currently identified as non-blazar-type active galactic nuclei. These include 95 Seyfert galaxies and 5 quasars, and they are composed of 73 type-1 and 27 type-2 objects. The AKARI all-sky survey point source catalog was searched for their mid- and far-infrared counterparts at 9, 18, and 90 μm. As a result, 69 Seyfert galaxies in the MAXI catalog (48 type-1 and 21 type-2) were found to be detected with AKARI. The X-ray (3–4 keV and 4–10 keV) and infrared luminosities of these objects were investigated, together with their color information. Adopting the canonical photon index, Γ = 1.9, of the intrinsic X-ray spectrum of the Seyfert galaxies, the X-ray hardness ratio between the 3–4 and 4–10 keV ranges derived with MAXI was roughly converted into the absorption column density. After the X-ray luminosity was corrected for absorption from the estimated column density, the well-known X-ray-to-infrared luminosity correlation was confirmed, at least in the Compton-thin regime. In contrast, NGC 1365, the only Compton-thick object in the MAXI catalog, was found to deviate from the correlation toward a significantly lower X-ray luminosity by nearly an order of magnitude. It was verified that the relation between the X-ray hardness below 10 keV and X-ray-to-infrared color acts as an effective tool to pick up Compton-thick objects. The difference in the infrared colors between the type-1 and type-2 Seyfert galaxies and its physical implication on the classification and unification of active galactic nuclei are briefly discussed.
Carotid Artery Mycotic Pseudoaneurysm Associated with Campylobacter fetus Bacteremia in an Immunocompromised Host
Authors: Hannah William B. , Rali Aniket S. , Etesami Maryam , Salata Robert A. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
This report outlines the course of a patient with Campylobacter fetus bacteremia complicated by carotid artery pseudoaneurysm after exposure to ill cattle. This is the first report of C. fetus–associated carotid artery pseudoaneurysm. Furthermore, there is concurrence of a renal artery aneurysm, and concurrent aneurysms in individuals with C. fetus bacteremia have been reported only a small number of times. The unusual exposures of this patient and the vascular manifestations give insight into the natural history of individuals with C. fetus bacteremia. This case report emphasizes the importance of a low threshold for imaging in patients with C. fetus bacteremia who have localizing symptoms and the importance of imaging sites with common cardiovascular involvement. As C. fetus bacteremia is better characterized, it is critical that clinicians are aware of the expanding spectrum of disease.
Pain Relief in Depressive Disorders
Authors: Gebhardt Stefan , Heinzel-Gutenbrunner Monika , König Udo 
Published: October 2016

Background
Pain is a common symptom in patients with depressive disorders, which, if present, worsens the prognosis. However, there is little empirical knowledge of the therapeutic effects of antidepressants on painful physical symptoms of patients with depressive disorders. Furthermore, tricyclic/tetracyclic antidepressants (TCAs) have not yet been included in existing meta-analyses.

Methods
A broad, systematic search of PubMed literature on antidepressant drug treatment of patients with depressive disorders with comorbid pain symptoms was carried out. A random-effects meta-analysis has been performed among 3 different groups of drugs for the 2 end points: pain and depression.

Results
Fourteen placebo-controlled studies with selective serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SSNRIs) could be included, with 3 of them also investigating selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Three further placebo-controlled SSRI studies were identified, but only 2 placebo-controlled TCA studies.
Both SSNRIs and SSRIs, but not TCAs, were significantly superior to placebo as regards their analgesic effects. However, all effects were small. For SSNRIs, there was a strong positive correlation between their effectiveness for pain relief and their positive effect on the mood of the patients.

Discussion
The analgesic effects of SSNRIs and SSRIs in patients with primary depressive disorders can be interpreted as largely equivalent. Because of a lack of placebo-controlled TCA studies, the results for TCAs would be comparable only to those of SSRIs and SSNRIs, if non–placebo-controlled TCA studies were included. The positive correlation found indicates a close relationship of pain relief and antidepressant treatment effects. These results refer merely to patients with primary depressive disorders, not to patients with primary pain disorders. Further studies comparing the effects of different types of antidepressant drugs on pain in depressive patients are warranted.
Decision-Making Process Regarding Fertility Among Reproductive-Age Women With Cancer in Taiwan
Authors: Huang Sheng-Miauh , Hsieh Pei-Ling , Hsiung Yvonne , Tseng Ling-Ming , Chen Ping-Ho , Hung Chia Tai 
Published: October 2016

Background:
Previous studies indicate that women with cancer experience infertility after cancer-related treatment. With the rapid progress in fertility science, women face diverse and uncertain choices regarding pregnancy.

Objective:
The aim of this study is to understand the decision-making process regarding fertility choices among reproductive-age women with cancer in Taiwan.

Methods:
Grounded theory methodology guided data collection using in-depth interviews with 18 women diagnosed and treated for cancer. Verbatim transcriptions were analyzed using constant comparative analysis and open, axial, and selective coding.

Results:
The core category that describes the decision-making process regarding fertility among reproductive-age women with cancer is “searching for balance in life and creating value in life.” The decision process was divided into 3 phases: needing to have children before treatment, struggling with self-living during cancer treatment, and returning to life after treatment. The style of cancer participants' decision making in pregnancy was divided into 3 patterns: action taking, hesitation, and persistence.

Conclusions:
Decision making regarding fertility among women with cancer was affected by the need for children before treatment and their experience during treatment.

Implications for Practice:
Health providers should be aware of and understand the needs of women with cancer to balance their need for children with their perception of their cancer prognosis and its effects on fertility, and help them with pregnancy planning if desired.
The Effect of the Z-Track Technique on Pain and Drug Leakage in Intramuscular Injections
Authors: Yilmaz Dilek , Khorshid Leyla , Dedeoğlu Yasemin 
Published: October 2016

Purpose/Aims:
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the Z-track technique in the administration of intramuscular diclofenac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, on pain and drug leakage.

Design:
This is a semiexperimental and randomized controlled study.

Methods:
It was felt necessary to conduct this study to compare the effects on pain and drug leakage of the standard intramuscular injection method and the “Z-track technique,” which is claimed to be helpful in this regard. The study was conducted in a government hospital in the Marmara region of Turkey. The research sample consisted of 60 patients, 26 female and 34 male, whose ages varied from 18 to 65 years. Sixty patients were randomly divided into 2 equal groups—the experimental group and the control group. The Z-track technique was used for intramuscular injection with the experimental group, whereas, with the control group, the standard technique of intramuscular injection was used. The patients of both groups were injected with 3-mL diclofenac sodium as prescribed by their doctor. Immediately after the procedure was finished and the needle was withdrawn, a different researcher used a 7 × 7-cm pre-prepared and sterilized standard drying paper to press on the needle entry point. The diameter of leakage was measured with a millimetric ruler and recorded on a data collection form. During this procedure, another nurse who was blind to the injection technique assessed the pain felt during the injection by means of the Visual Analog Scale.

Results:
In the experimental group, mean pain severity was found to be 28.30 ± 23.0, and mean drug leakage was 6.93 ± 4.62 mm, whereas, in the control group, these values were 36.40 ± 28.40 and 10.03 ± 3.69 mm, respectively.

Conclusions:
Drug leakage was reduced when administering intramuscular diclofenac sodium by the Z technique, but pain severity was not significantly reduced.
The Effects of Bundles on Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Sönmez Düzkaya Duygu , Bozkurt Gülçin , Uysal Gülzade , Yakut Tülay 
Published: October 2016

Background:
There are few studies in the literature from developing countries regarding the rates of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI), which is frequently encountered in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs).

Aim:
The aim of this study is to evaluate the 2-year rates of CAUTI in a PICU where a CAUTI Prevention Bundle was implemented.

Design:
This was an interventional prospective study.

Methods:
The study was conducted with 390 patients in the PICU of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Turkey, from July 2013 to July 2015. The patients were selected based on the diagnostic criteria of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Results:
Urinary colonization occurred in 8 (2.2%) patients in the prebundle group and 3 (0.8%) patients in the postbundle group, and contamination occurred in 10 (2.8%) patients in the prebundle group and 6 (1.5%) patients in the postbundle group. The CAUTI incidence and rates were 5.8% and 6.1 per 1000 urinary catheter days and 1.5% and 1.8 per 1000 urinary catheter days prebundle and postbundle, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between the prebundle and postbundle CAUTI rates.

Conclusion:
Our findings support that clinical nurse specialists in developing countries should consider the use of CAUTI bundles to prevent CAUTIs.
Using Pleth Variability as a Triage Tool for Children With Obstructive Airway Disease in a Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Brandwein Ariel , Patel Kavita , Kline Myriam , Silver Peter , Gangadharan Sandeep 
Published: October 2016

Objectives
Patients with obstructive airway disease have varying degrees of pulsus paradoxus that correlate with illness severity. Pulsus paradoxus can be measured using plethysmography. We investigated whether plethysmograph (pleth) variability on admission to the pediatric emergency department (ED) could predict patient disposition. We hypothesized that patients with a larger pleth variability would have a higher likelihood of being admitted to a general pediatrics unit or the intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods
We conducted a prospective single-center study of children aged 1 to 18 years who presented to a pediatric ED with a diagnosis of asthma or reactive airway disease. The pleth variability index (PVI) was calculated from their initial plethysmography tracing. Disposition from the ED was recorded as discharge, admission to the floor, or admission to the ICU.

Results
A total of 117 patients were included in our study. Forty-eight patients were discharged home, 61 were admitted to the floor, and 8 were admitted to the ICU. The median PVI for each of these groups was 0.27 (interquartile range [IQR], 0.19–0.39) for discharges, 0.29 (IQR, 0.20–0.44) for patients admitted to the floor, and 0.56 (IQR, 0.35–0.70) for patients admitted to the ICU. A Kruskal-Wallis test demonstrated a significant difference in the PVI between each of the groups (P = 0.0087).

Conclusions
Our results suggest that PVI may be a useful tool in the triage of children who present to the ED with obstructive airway disease. Further studies should aim to assess the validity of PVI in predicting the response to bronchodilator therapy during the course of a patient's hospitalization.
A Prospective Evaluation of the Accuracy of Weight Estimation Using the Broselow Tape in Overweight and Obese Pediatric Patients in the Emergency Department
Authors: Tanner Dennis , Negaard Ashley , Huang Rong , Evans Neil , Hennes Halim 
Published: October 2016

Objectives
The aims of the study were to examine the predictive accuracy of Broselow tape (BT) weight estimation and body mass index–based weight categorization in overweight and obese pediatric patients and to develop an adjustment factor that improves the BT weight estimate in overweight and obese pediatric patients.

Methods
A prospective observational study was conducted. We enrolled noncritical pediatric patients presenting to a tertiary care pediatric emergency department with nonurgent complaints. Patients had their weights, heights, abdominal circumferences, and actual BT measurements documented by research staff.

Results
One hundred seventy-eight patients aged 2 to 18 years were enrolled. Using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's definition of body mass index classification, 71 patients (39.89%) had normal BMI, 43 patients (24.16%) were overweight, and 64 patients (35.96%) were obese. The accuracy of the BT-estimated weight range, compared with the actual weight, is 40.5% in our study population. When stratified by BMI classification, the accuracy proportions were the following: 71.8% for normal, 41.9% for overweight, and 4.7% for obese patients. The adjustment formula ([0.014 × waistline in cm + 0.3] × BT weight) improved overall weight estimation from 40.5% to 65.2%. The greatest improvement was noted in obese children, where the BT accuracy improved from 4.7% to 59.4%.

Conclusions
The growing pediatric obesity epidemic has challenged the BT's ability to accurately estimate the weights in overweight and obese pediatric patients. Our study demonstrated inverse relationship between the accuracy of BT and body weight. An adjustment factor significantly improved BT accuracy in obese children.