bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing a Pictorial Sisterhood Method in collaboration with illiterate Maasai traditional birth attendants in northern Tanzania
Authors: Roggeveen Yadira , Schreuder Renske , Zweekhorst Marjolein , Manyama Mange , Hatfield Jennifer , Scheele Fedde , van Roosmalen Jos 
Published: July 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo study whether data on maternal mortality can be gathered while maintaining local ownership of data in a pastoralist setting where a scarcity of data sources and a culture of silence around maternal death amplifies limited awareness of the magnitude of maternal mortality.MethodsAs part of a participatory action research project, investigators and illiterate traditional birth attendants (TBAs) collaboratively developed a quantitative participatory tool—the Pictorial Sisterhood Method—that was pilot‐tested between March 12 and May 30, 2011, by researchers and TBAs in a cross‐sectional study.ResultsFourteen TBAs interviewed 496 women (sample), which led to 2241 sister units of risk and a maternal mortality ratio of 689 deaths per 100 000 live births (95% confidence interval 419–959). Researchers interviewed 474 women (sample), leading to 1487 sister units of risk and a maternal mortality ratio of 484 (95% confidence interval 172–795).ConclusionThe Pictorial Sisterhood Method is an innovative application that might increase the participation of illiterate individuals in maternal health research and advocacy. It offers interesting opportunities to increase maternal mortality data ownership and awareness, and warrants further study and validation.
Disentangling the efficiency drivers in country‐level global health programs: An empirical study
Authors: Berenguer Gemma , Iyer Ananth V. , Yadav Prashant 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMotivated by the cost reductions and outcome improvements generated by benchmarking in many industries, we focus on in‐country global health programs to identify and quantify opportunities for process improvement. We empirically study the major efficiency drivers of reproductive health (RH) country programs in Sub‐Saharan Africa sponsored by international funding organizations. To ensure a level playing field for comparison across countries, we quantify the impact of cross‐country heterogeneity and random shocks on the efficiency of RH programs. To analyze these relationships and isolate the effects attributable to managerial inefficiency, we use a three‐stage Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)/Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) model. We show the impact of environmental factors on program efficiency, linking policy making decisions with operational and health outcome performance. We also show that donor fragmentation negatively impacts managerial efficiency, and we suggest actions to mitigate this effect. We then provide a way to improve performance through benchmarking efforts within groups of countries and present an initial prototype of such efforts.
A preoperative interdisciplinary biopsychosocial opioid reduction program in patients on chronic opioid analgesia prior to spine surgery: A preliminary report and case series
Authors: Hassamal Sameer , Haglund Margaret , Wittnebel Karl , Danovitch Itai 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Background
Spine surgery candidates are commonly treated with long-term opioid analgesia. However, chronic opioid analgesia is associated with poor pain control, psychological distress, decreased functional status and operative complications. Therefore, our medical centre piloted an outpatient biopsychosocial interdisciplinary opioid reduction program for spine surgery candidates on chronic opioid analgesia.

Methods
Our case series reviews the outcomes of the first 5 interdisciplinary program completers. Data was collected on admission to the program, preoperatively at completion of the program, and 1 month postoperatively. We recorded changes in pain interference scores, physical functioning, and symptoms of depression and anxiety as captured by the Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS-29) Profile.

Results
The mean duration of the preoperative opioid reduction program was 6–7 weeks. The mean morphine equivalent daily dose (SD) decreased from 238.2 (226.9) mg on admission to 157.1 (161.0) mg preoperatively and 139.1 (84.0) mg one month postoperatively. Similarly, the mean pain interference score (SD) decreased from 72.4 (5.1) on admission to 66.5 (6.9) preoperatively and 67.7 (5.4) one month postoperatively. The preoperative opioid dose and pain interference scores decreased in all 5 patients, but one month postoperatively increased in one patient related to a surgical complication. Pre- and postoperative depression, anxiety and fatigue improved in all patients. Satisfaction with participation in social roles, sleep disturbances, and physical functioning improved in most patients.

Conclusions
Pre- and post-operative pain improved despite the opioid dose being tapered. These preliminary data suggest that a short-term outpatient preoperative interdisciplinary biopsychosocial opioid reduction program is safe, feasible, and improves patient-centred outcomes.

Implications
Our preliminary data support the rationale for expansion of the opioid reduction program; opioid use and pain should be evaluated in all surgical candidates. These findings need to be replicated in larger studies.
Optimisation of Ducted Propellers for Hybrid Air Vehicles Using High-Fidelity CFD
Authors: Biava M. , Barakos G. N. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTThis paper presents performance analysis and design of ducted propellers for lighter-than-air vehicles. High-fidelity computational fluid dynamics simulations were first performed on a detailed model of the propulsor, and the results were in very good agreement with available experimental data. Additional simulations were performed using a simplified geometry, to quantify the effect of the duct and of the blade twist on the propeller performance. It was shown that the duct is particularly effective at low flight speed and that the blades with relatively high twist have better performance over the flight envelope. Design of the optimal twist distribution and of the duct shape was also attempted by coupling the flow solver with a quasi-Newton optimisation method. Flow gradients were computed by solving the discrete adjoint of the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations using a fixed-point iteration scheme or a nested Krylov method with deflated restarting. The results show that the ducted propeller propulsive efficiency can be increased by 2%.
Managing a Mass CO Poisoning: Critical Issues and Solutions From the Field to the Hyperbaric Chamber
Authors: Valerio Adriano , Verzè Matteo , Marchiori Francesco , Rucci Igor , De Santis Lucia , Aprili Irene , Antolini Lucia , Sannino Anna , Canello Alessia , Checchin Enrico , Mazzola Francesca , Ferrari Sara , Garon Marta , Schonsberg Alberto , Tardivo Stefano 
Published: July 2016

AbstractCarbon monoxide acute intoxication is a common cause of accidental poisoning in industrialized countries and sometimes it produces a real mass casualty incident. The incident described here occurred in a church in the province of Verona, when a group of people was exposed to carbon monoxide due to a heating system malfunction. Fifty-seven people went to the Emergency Department. The mean carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) level was 10.1±5.7% (range: 3-25%). The clinicians, after medical examination, decided to move 37 patients to hyperbaric chambers for hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy. This is the first case report that highlights and analyses the logistic difficulties of managing a mass carbon monoxide poisoning in different health care settings, with a high influx of patients in an Emergency Department and a complex liaison between emergency services. This article shows how it is possible to manage a complex situation with good outcome. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:251–255)
The 1859 revival and its enemies: opposition to religious revivalism within Ulster Presbyterianism
Authors: Ritchie Daniel 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe evangelical revival of 1859 remains a pivotal event in the religious culture of Ulster Protestants owing to its legacy of widespread conversion, church renewal, and its role in shaping the pan-Protestantism of Ulster society that later opposed Irish home rule. Being part of a wider transatlantic movement of religious awakening, the 1859 revival was seen as the culmination of thirty years of evangelical renewal within Irish Presbyterianism. What has often been overlooked, however, is the fact that many aspects of the revival were deeply troubling to orthodox Presbyterians. Although most Ulster Presbyterians were largely supportive of the movement, an intellectually significant minority dissented from what they saw as its spectacular, doctrinal, liturgical, ecclesiological, and moral aberrations. Given 1859’s mythological status among Ulster evangelicals, it is normally assumed that all who opposed the revival were either religious formalists or those of heterodox doctrinal opinions. It will be argued that such an assumption is deeply misguided, and that the Presbyterian opponents of 1859 were motivated by zeal for confessional Reformed theology and Presbyterian church-order. By focusing on theologically conservative opposition to an ostensible evangelical and Calvinistic awakening, this article represents a significant contribution to the existing historiography of not only the Ulster revival but of religious revivalism more generally. It also helps us to understand the long-term evolution of Ulster Presbyterian belief and practice in the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
Anatomising Irish rebellion: the Cromwellian delinquency commissions, the books of discrimination and the 1641 depositions
Authors: Cunningham John 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe recent digitisation of the 1641 depositions has opened up that large and controversial collection of manuscripts to renewed study. The significance of a substantial section of that archive generated in 1653–4 by the work of the Cromwellian delinquency commissions has hitherto been poorly understood. This article sheds new light on the workings of the commissions and on the ways in which the ‘delinquency depositions’ that they collected helped to shape the implementation of the Cromwellian and Restoration land settlements in Ireland. It also compares the Irish delinquency proceedings to the approach adopted by the Long Parliament in its dealings with royalists in England in the 1640s. In analysing the actual content of the depositions, the article focuses particular attention on County Wexford. The surviving delinquency depositions enable in-depth exploration of many facets of the 1641 rebellion and its aftermath in that region.
The Relationship Between the Number of Raters and the Validity of Performance Ratings
Authors: Howard Matt C. 
Published: July 2016

In the focal article “Getting Rid of Performance Ratings: Genius or Folly? A Debate,” two groups of authors argued the merits of performance ratings (Adler et al., 2016). Despite varied views, both sides noted the importance of including multiple raters to obtain more accurate performance ratings. As the pro side noted, “if ratings can be pooled across many similarly situated raters, it should be possible to obtain quite reliable assessments” (Adler et al., p. 236). Even the con side noted, “In theory, it is possible to obtain ratings from multiple raters and pool them to eliminate some types of interrater agreement” (Adler et al., p. 225), although this side was certainly less optimistic about the merits of multiple raters. In the broader industrial–organizational psychology literature, authors have repeatedly heralded the benefits of adding additional raters for performance ratings, some even treating it as a panacea for inaccurate ratings. Although these authors extol the virtues of multiple raters, an important question is often omitted from relevant discussions of performance ratings: To what extent do additional raters actually improve performance ratings? Does adding an additional rater double the validity of performance ratings? Does an additional rater increase the validity of performance ratings by a constant value? Or is the answer something else altogether?
Exploring Workplace Resilience Through a Personality Strength Lens
Authors: Green Jennifer P. , Wallace David M. , Hargrove Amber K. 
Published: July 2016

Resilience research has primarily focused on occupations that undergo a significant amount of stress, such as the military or trauma teams. In response, Britt, Shen, Sinclair, Grossman, and Klieger (2016) call for “future work on resilience to expand to include a wider cross section of workers and occupations” (p. 397). We suggest that viewing resilience through a personality strength lens will facilitate this expansion. Adopting a personality strength approach to resilience will more clearly (a) link the capacity for resilience to positive adaptation in the face of a broader range of stressors beyond objectively significant adversity and (b) open up new methods of investigating the demonstration of resilience.
Characterisation of the geochemical heterogeneity of the Rupel Clay Member in the Netherlands
Authors: Koenen M. , Griffioen J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractSamples from Rupel Clay across the Netherlands were analysed for the assessment of its heterogeneity in geochemistry and mineralogy. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and bulk and clay fraction X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses of 152 samples from 17 different cores are presented and statistically interpreted. The results show a wide variation in the quartz, feldspar, clay mineral and carbonate content between the different samples. Factor analysis showed that the main variance between the samples can be explained by the clay mineral and quartz concentration, the carbonate content and pyrite plus organic matter. In the south of the Netherlands, the Rupel Clay is more quartz-rich and coarse grained. In addition, the clay is heterogeneous, varying with location and depth, consistent with observations for Belgium Boom Clay. Towards the north, the Rupel Clay becomes more clay-rich, finer grained and more homogeneous, both laterally and with depth. In addition, the clay has a relatively high carbonate and organic matter content. The pyrite content does not show any trends with location and depth. The differences between north and south are explained by the variations in depositional setting within the southern North Sea Basin.
Association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and serum total cholesterol with depressive symptoms in Korean adults: the Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V, 2010–2012)
Authors: Lee Soo-Hyun , Suh Eunkyung , Park Kyung-Chae , Haam Ji-Hee , Kim KyongChol , Koo Hyung Suk , Choi Beom-hee , Won Bo Youn , Park Ki-Hyun , Park Kye-Seon , Kim Moon-Jong , Kim Young-Sang 
Published: July 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the hypothesis that the association between vitamin D deficiency and depressive symptoms is dependent upon total cholesterol level in a representative national sample of the South Korean population.DesignThis was a population-based cross-sectional study.SettingThe Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V, 2010–2012).SubjectsWe included 7198 adults aged 20–88 years.ResultsThe incidence of depressive symptoms in individuals with vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D<20 ng/ml) was 1·54-fold (95 % CI 1·20, 1·98) greater than in individuals without vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D ≥20 ng/ml). The relationship was stronger in individuals with normal-to-borderline serum total cholesterol (serum total cholesterol<240 mg/dl; OR=1·60; 95 % CI 1·23, 2·08) and non-significant in individuals with high serum total cholesterol (OR=0·97; 95 % CI 0·52, 1·81) after adjustment for confounding variables (age, sex, BMI, alcohol consumption, smoking status, regular exercise, income level, education level, marital status, changes in body weight, perceived body shape, season of examination date and cholesterol profiles).ConclusionsThe association between vitamin D deficiency and depressive symptoms was weakened by high serum total cholesterol status. These findings suggest that both vitamin D and total cholesterol are important targets for the prevention and treatment of depression.
A functional BH3 domain in an aquaporin from Leishmania infantum
Authors: Genes C M , de Lucio H , González V M , Sánchez-Murcia P A , Rico E , Gago F , Fasel N , Jiménez-Ruiz A 
Published: July 2016

AbstractDespite the absence of sequences showing significant similarity to any of the members of the Bcl-2 family of proteins in protozoa, experiments carried out in yeast or trypanosomatids have demonstrated that ectopic expression of some of these members alters their response to different death stimuli. Because the BH3 domain is the smallest common signature in all the proteins of this family of apoptosis regulators and also because they are essential for molecular interactions between antagonistic members, we looked for sequences with significant similarity to the BH3 motif in theLeishmania infantumgenome. Among the top scoring ones, we found the MYLALQNLGDEV amino-acid stretch at the C terminus of a previously described aquaporin, now renamed as Li-BH3AQP. This motif is highly conserved in homologous proteins from other species of theLeishmaniagenus. The association of Li-BH3AQP with human Bcl-XLwas demonstrated by both co-immunoprecipitation and yeast two-hybrid experiments. Ectopic expression of Li-BH3AQP reduced viability of HeLa cells and this deleterious effect was abrogated by the simultaneous overexpression of Bcl-XL. Although we were not able to demonstrate a reduction in parasite viability when the protein was overexpressed inLeishmaniapromastigotes, a prodeath effect could be observed when the parasites overexpressing Li-BH3AQP were treated with staurosporine or antimycin A. Surprisingly, these parasites were more resistant, compared with wild-type parasites, to hypotonic stress or nutrient deprivation. The prodeath activity was abolished upon replacement of two highly conserved amino acids in this BH3 domain. Taken together, these results point to Li-BH3AQP as the first non-enzymatic protein ever described in trypanosomatids that is involved in cell death.
Modulation of therapy-induced senescence by reactive lipid aldehydes
Authors: Flor A C , Doshi A P , Kron S J 
Published: July 2016

AbstractCurrent understanding points to unrepairable chromosomal damage as the critical determinant of accelerated senescence in cancer cells treated with radiation or chemotherapy. Nonetheless, the potent senescence inducer etoposide not only targets topoisomerase II to induce DNA damage but also produces abundant free radicals, increasing cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Toward examining roles for DNA damage and oxidative stress in therapy-induced senescence, we developed a quantitative flow cytometric senescence assay and screened 36 redox-active agents as enhancers of an otherwise ineffective dose of radiation. While senescence failed to correlate with total ROS, the radiation enhancers, etoposide and the other effective topoisomerase inhibitors each produced high levels of lipid peroxidation. The reactive aldehyde 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, a lipid peroxidation end product, was sufficient to induce senescence in irradiated cells. In turn, sequestering aldehydes with hydralazine blocked effects of etoposide and other senescence inducers. These results suggest that lipid peroxidation potentiates DNA damage from radiation and chemotherapy to drive therapy-induced senescence.
A chaotic self-oscillating sunlight-driven polymer actuator
Authors: Kumar Kamlesh , Knie Christopher , Bléger David , Peletier Mark A. , Friedrich Heiner , Hecht Stefan , Broer Dirk J. , Debije Michael G. , Schenning Albertus P. H. J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractNature provides much inspiration for the design of materials capable of motion upon exposure to external stimuli, and many examples of such active systems have been created in the laboratory. However, to achieve continuous motion driven by an unchanging, constant stimulus has proven extremely challenging. Here we describe a liquid crystalline polymer film doped with a visible light responsive fluorinated azobenzene capable of continuous chaotic oscillatory motion when exposed to ambient sunlight in air. The presence of simultaneous illumination by blue and green light is necessary for the oscillating behaviour to occur, suggesting that the dynamics of continuous forward and backward switching are causing the observed effect. Our work constitutes an important step towards the realization of autonomous, persistently self-propelling machines and self-cleaning surfaces powered by sunlight.
DNA barcoding identifies a cosmopolitan diet in the ocean sunfish
Authors: Sousa Lara L. , Xavier Raquel , Costa Vânia , Humphries Nicolas E. , Trueman Clive , Rosa Rui , Sims David W. , Queiroz Nuno 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe ocean sunfish (Mola mola) is the world’s heaviest bony fish reaching a body mass of up to 2.3 tonnes. However, the prey M. mola consumes to fuel this prodigious growth remains poorly known. Sunfish were thought to be obligate gelatinous plankton feeders, but recent studies suggest a more generalist diet. In this study, through molecular barcoding and for the first time, the diet of sunfish in the north-east Atlantic Ocean was characterised. Overall, DNA from the diet content of 57 individuals was successfully amplified, identifying 41 different prey items. Sunfish fed mainly on crustaceans and teleosts, with cnidarians comprising only 16% of the consumed prey. Although no adult fishes were sampled, we found evidence for an ontogenetic shift in the diet, with smaller individuals feeding mainly on small crustaceans and teleost fish, whereas the diet of larger fish included more cnidarian species. Our results confirm that smaller sunfish feed predominantly on benthic and on coastal pelagic species, whereas larger fish depend on pelagic prey. Therefore, sunfish is a generalist predator with a greater diversity of links in coastal food webs than previously realised. Its removal as fisheries’ bycatch may have wider reaching ecological consequences, potentially disrupting coastal trophic interactions.
Patterns of postictal cerebral perfusion in idiopathic generalized epilepsy: a multi-delay multi-parametric arterial spin labelling perfusion MRI study
Authors: Chen Guangxiang , Lei Du , Ren Jiechuan , Zuo Panli , Suo Xueling , Wang Danny J. J. , Wang Meiyun , Zhou Dong , Gong Qiyong 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe cerebral haemodynamic status of idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) is a very complicated process. Little attention has been paid to cerebral blood flow (CBF) alterations in IGE detected by arterial spin labelling (ASL) perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, the selection of an optimal delay time is difficult for single-delay ASL. Multi-delay multi-parametric ASL perfusion MRI overcomes the limitations of single-delay ASL. We applied multi-delay multi-parametric ASL perfusion MRI to investigate the patterns of postictal cerebral perfusion in IGE patients with absence seizures. A total of 21 IGE patients with absence seizures and 24 healthy control subjects were enrolled. IGE patients exhibited prolonged arterial transit time (ATT) in the left superior temporal gyrus. The mean CBF of IGE patients was significantly increased in the left middle temporal gyrus, left parahippocampal gyrus and left fusiform gyrus. Prolonged ATT in the left superior temporal gyrus was negatively correlated with the age at onset in IGE patients. This study demonstrated that cortical dysfunction in the temporal lobe and fusiform gyrus may be related to epileptic activity in IGE patients with absence seizures. This information can play an important role in elucidating the pathophysiological mechanism of IGE from a cerebral haemodynamic perspective.