bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interinstrumental transfer of a fast short‐end injection capillary electrophoresis method: Application to the separation of niobium, tantalum, and their substituted ions
Authors: De Cock Bart , Oliver James D. , Delaunay Nathalie , Deblonde Gauthier , Mangelings Debby , Vander Heyden Yvan 
Published: April 2017

The interinstrumental transfer of a short‐end CE method was studied. A model separation of the hexameric forms of niobium, tantalum, and their substituted ions (Nb6−xTax with 0 ≤ x ≤ 6) was selected as test case. The method was first optimized on a Beckman instrument and in a second step transferred to an Agilent instrument. The transfer needed updated guidelines that tackled differences in effective capillary length, 8.5 (Agilent) versus 10 cm (Beckman), because of instrumental different capillary cartridges. Differences in effective length lead to migration time and separation efficiency inequalities, illustrated by a decrease in resolution between the substituted ions. The difference in effective length was overcome by adapting the lift offset parameter of the Agilent instrument. The lift offset default setting is 4 mm and by increasing this parameter both the inlet and outlet lifts are lowered and thus the detection window can be displaced and consequently the effective length was increased. The decrease in effective length difference and the effect on the separation efficiency was investigated and led finally to a restored separation of the substituted ions. The adaptation of the lift offset parameter during short‐end injection methods was added to earlier developed guidelines to facilitate interinstrumental method transfer of CE methods.
Investigating the effect of fibulin‐1 on the differentiation of human nasal inferior turbinate‐derived mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts
Authors: Hang Pham Le B. , Yoo Yie‐Ri , Park Sun Hwa , Back Sang A. , Kim Sung Won , Bjørge Isabel , Mano João , Jang Jun‐Hyeog 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMany extracellular matrix proteins have positive influences on the adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of stem cells into specific cell linages. Fibulin‐1 (FBLN1), a member of a growing family of extracellular glycoproteins, contributes to the structure of the extracellular matrix. Here, we investigated the effect of FBLN1 on the ability of human nasal inferior turbinate‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (hTMSCs) to undergo osteogenic differentiation. After we generated recombinant FBLN1, the characteristics of FBLN1‐treated hTMSCs were evaluated using MTT assay, ALP and mineralization activities, and quantitative real‐time PCR. FBLN1 significantly enhanced the adhesion activity (p < 0.001) and proliferation of hTMSCs (p < 0.05). The ALP and mineralization activities of cells were dramatically increased (p < 0.01) after 9 and 12 days of FBLN1 treatment, respectively. This indicated the ability of FBLN1 to induce hTMSCs to differentiate into osteoblasts. Furthermore, increasing the mRNA levels of osteogenic marker genes, such as a transcriptional coactivator with a PDZ‐binding motif (TAZ), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), collagen type I (Col I), and osteocalcin (OCN), improved bone repair and regeneration. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 2291–2298, 2017.
An Isoquinolin‐1(2H)‐Imine Derivative Induces Cell Death via Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species and Activation of JNK in Human A549 Cancer Cells
Authors: Liu Jing , Liu Tongyang , Mou Hanchuan , Jia Shuting , Huang Chao , Yan Shengjiao , Lin Jun , Luo Ying , Zhang Jihong 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTCompound 11‐benzoyl‐10‐chloro‐7,9‐difluoro‐6‐imino‐2,3,4,6‐tetrahydro‐1H‐pyrimido[1,2‐b]isoquinoline‐8‐carbonitrile (HC6h) is a novel polyhalo 1,3‐diazaheterocycle fused isoquinolin‐1(2H)‐imines derivative, which displays good anticancer activity and low toxicity in vivo. However, the underlying anticancer mechanisms have not previously been identified. The proliferation of A549 was assessed by MTT assay. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was assessed in A549 with a H2DCFDA probe. Mitochondrial membrane potential was measured using the JC‐1 staining. Apoptosis were measured by annexin‐V/PI assay and autophagy by acridine orange staining and GFP‐LC3 fluorescence assay. The expression of autophagic and apoptotic proteins was determined by Western blot. The compound HC6h increased accumulation of vesicles, acridine orange‐stained cells and LC3‐II in A549 cells. Inhibition of compound HC6h‐induced autophagy by bafilomycin A1 increased apoptosis. Compound HC6h enhanced activation of caspase‐3, caspase‐9 and PARP cleavage in A549 cells. Compound HC6h leads to the rapid generation of intracellular ROS. Moreover, compound HC6h induced phosphorylation of JNK and was conferred by the increased ROS levels. Furthermore, down‐regulation of JNK attenuated autophagic and apoptotic effect in response to HC6h. The induction of ROS upon HC6h treatment leads to the activation of JNK that mediates autophagy and apoptosis in human A549 cancer cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 4394–4403, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pathways in the offending process of sex offenders who target marginalised victims
Authors: Horan Loren , Beauregard Eric 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPrior literature shows that although marginalised populations are at a high risk of severe violence and homicide, research has focused on their offenders as if they constituted a homogeneous group. On the basis of a sample of 213 sex offenders who targeted marginalised individuals (i.e., sex trade worker, homeless individual, and severe drug user), we investigate the different pathways that these offenders take both prior to and during the commission of their crimes. Results of 2‐step cluster analysis regarding the offender's development, criminal history, crime context, and modus operandi revealed 3 distinct pathways of the offending process. The coercive pathway was characterised by the amount of violence used against the victim. The explosive pathway was defined by offenders who were in a state of rage at the time of the offence. Finally, offenders in the situational pathway committed their crimes out of opportunity and used very little violence. Differences between pathways were investigated with regard to characteristics of the index offence.
Quantifying spatial and temporal variations in phytoplankton and kelp isotopic signatures to estimate the distribution of kelp‐derived detritus off the west coast of Vancouver Island, Canada
Authors: Ramshaw Brock C. , Pakhomov Evgeny A. , Markel Russell W. , Kaehler Sven 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe used stable isotopes to determine spatial and temporal patterns of suspended kelp‐derived detritus (KDD) along a Macrocystis kelp abundance gradient driven by recovering sea otter (Enhydra lutris) populations along the west coast of Vancouver Island. Three dominant kelp species (order Laminariales) and surface marine size‐fractionated particulate organic matter (POM) were sampled along offshore transects (0–30 km) within three regions during summer and winter. Nearshore phytoplankton isotope values were identified in regions with high chlorophyll a concentrations. Summer blooming phytoplankton δ13C values were enriched by 2.4‰ and 0.8‰ and δ15N was enriched by 1.2‰ and 0.3‰ for 20–63 μm and 0.7–20 μm POM, respectively. Macrophyte stable isotope values varied significantly within and among regions, as well as between seasons. Primary producer values were used in a Bayesian isotope mixing model (MixSIR) to estimate the KDD contribution to POM. In general, the kelp abundant region had a greater contribution of KDD to POM further away (from 4 km to 30 km) from the kelp forest (range of medians 7–58%) compared to the kelp sparse region (4–30%). Seasonally, the KDD contribution to 20–63 μm POM size fractions was greater during summer (33% average) compared to winter (16% average). These results indicated that kelp abundance is not the only driver of KDD dispersal spatially and temporally. Factors such as local oceanography, large variation in kelp isotope values, and similarity between kelp and shelf phytoplankton isotope values affect these patterns and lead to high uncertainty in modeled KDD contributions.
Bringing methanotrophy in rivers out of the shadows
Authors: Shelley Felicity , Ings Nicola , Hildrew Alan G. , Trimmer Mark , Grey Jonathan 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMethane oxidation produces biomass that is a potential source of particulate carbon for consumers, and is in addition to photosynthetic production. We assessed methanotrophy and photosynthetic production under differing conditions of light and methane concentration. We measured methane oxidation and photosynthesis in gravel sediments from adjacent shaded and unshaded stretches of 15 chalk rivers in southern England, and also in 30 artificial channels in which we manipulated light and methane experimentally. The capacity for methane oxidation was 78% higher in the shade than unshaded areas, indicating a denser, or more active, methanotrophic assemblage on shaded riverbeds, and the difference was most pronounced when methane concentration was high. Across the 15 rivers, methanotrophic production ranged from 16 to 650 nmol C cm−2 d−1 and net photosynthetic production from 256 to 35,750 nmol C cm−2 d−1. The relative importance of methanotrophy to their total production (i.e., photosynthetic and methanotrophic) increased with methane concentration and ranged from 0.1–2.4% and 0.2–13% in unshaded and shaded areas, respectively. Over an annual cycle in one river, the response of the methanotrophs in the shade to a high summer methane concentration was ∼ five times greater than in the open; in winter, there was no effect of shading on methane oxidation. The response of methanotrophy to shading and methane concentration in the artificial channels resembled that found in the rivers. Methanotrophy makes a non‐negligible (here up to ∼ 13%) contribution to particulate carbon production in these streams, is disproportionately greater in the shade, and constitutes a distinct carbon pathway available for their food webs.
Landscape patterns shape wetland pond ecosystem function from glacial headwaters to ocean
Authors: Vizza Carmella , Zwart Jacob A. , Jones Stuart E. , Tiegs Scott D. , Lamberti Gary A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractExamining patterns and processes along the aquatic continuum from headwaters to ocean can benefit from a landscape ecology approach, where hydrologic and ecological processes depend on landscape position. We conducted a study of freshwater wetland ponds subject to similar climatic conditions but distributed along a 20‐km trajectory from glacial headwaters to ocean in southcentral Alaska, U.S.A. Specifically, we investigated how proximity to glaciers and ocean influenced physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of ponds. Physicochemical patterns along a distance gradient from the ocean supported the hypothesized influence of elevation and potential atmospheric deposition of marine‐derived nitrogen, whereas those related to glacial flow path length may reflect inputs from glacial weathering. We expected that the effects of landscape and hydrology on physicochemical patterns would provide a template for shaping ecosystem processes, but ecosystem processes also appeared to contribute to physicochemical patterns across this landscape. Ponds more heavily influenced by glaciers tended to be more heterotrophic exhibiting greater rates of organic‐matter decomposition and ecosystem respiration, which were positively correlated with phosphorus and iron concentrations likely due to glacial weathering and remineralization processes. In contrast, ponds near the ocean tended to be more autotrophic exhibiting greater gross primary production and net ecosystem production, processes that may have contributed to greater total nitrogen, nitrogen to phosphorus ratios, and dissolved organic carbon concentrations. Consideration of the relative importance of hydrologic inputs across the landscape is needed because the acceleration of glacial melt and sea‐level rise by climate change may alter future broad‐scale patterns of ecosystem processes.
Ecological drivers of multiple facets of beta diversity in a lentic macroinvertebrate metacommunity
Authors: Heino Jani , Tolonen Kimmo T. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractCommunity ecology has broadened considerably with the recognition that it is not only at the species‐level data where biological patterns and their determinants should be studied. Rather, also functional and phylogenetic data should be examined, as they may provide important information for both basic ecology and applied fields such as conservation and bioassessment. We thus explored the distance decay of taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic community compositions along spatial and environmental gradients within a boreal lake metacommunity. We used distance‐based methods (i.e., Mantel test, Mantel correlograms and db‐RDA) to examine different facets (i.e., taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic) and components (i.e., total, turnover and nestedness‐resultant) in relation to spatial and environmental variables. We found that the species compositions of lake benthic invertebrate communities varied mostly along environmental gradients, but were also weakly related to spatial distances between lakes. We also showed that functional and phylogenetic compositions were solely related to environmental variation across the lakes, but these relationships were generally weak. Our exploration of different facets and components of beta diversity added to the knowledge of lake invertebrate communities by adding functional and phylogenetic views, which has rarely been done in studies of aquatic metacommunities. Such information is also important in valuing lakes for conservation and bioassessment because it is not only at the species‐level data where ecological patterns and underlying mechanisms should be explored.
Novel urinary alkylresorcinol metabolites as biomarkers of whole grain intake in free‐living Swedish adults
Authors: Wierzbicka Roksana , Zamaratskaia Galia , Kamal‐Eldin Afaf , Landberg Rikard 
Published: April 2017

ScopeMost studies on the role of whole grain for health rely on self‐reported intake data, which are prone to measurement errors. There is a need for dietary biomarkers that can provide an objective measure of intake. Alkylresorcinols (AR) and their main metabolites 3,5‐dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA) and 3‐(3,5‐dihydroxyphenyl)‐propanoic acid (DHPPA) have been proposed as biomarkers for whole grain (WG) wheat and rye intake.Methods and resultsThe medium‐term reproducibility and relative validity of four putative urinary AR metabolites (3,5‐dihydroxycinnamic acid (DHCA), 5‐(3,5‐dihydroxyphenyl) pentanoic acid (DHPPTA), 2‐(3,5‐dihydroxybenzamido)acetic acid (DHBA‐glycine) and 3,5‐dihydroxycinnamic acid amide (DHCA‐amide)) as biomarkers for WG intake were investigated. Three‐day weighed food records and 24‐h urine samples from two occasions 2–3 months apart were obtained from 69 Swedish adults. WG intake was calculated and urinary AR metabolites were analyzed. The medium‐term reproducibility determined for DHCA, DHPPTA, and DHBA‐glycine varied from moderate‐to‐excellent (intra‐class correlation coefficient = 0.63–0.85). Moreover, DHCA and DHPPTA excretion correlated well with self‐reported total WG intake (r = 0.55, p < 0.001 and r = 0.42, p < 0.001, respectively).ConclusionDHCA or DHPPTA excretion in 24‐h urine might be a suitable medium‐ to long‐term biomarker of WG wheat and rye intake. These findings need to be confirmed in populations with low and infrequent WG intake.
Photon‐counting CT for simultaneous imaging of multiple contrast agents in the abdomen: An in vivo study
Authors: Symons Rolf , Krauss Bernhard , Sahbaee Pooyan , Cork Tyler E. , Lakshmanan Manu N. , Bluemke David A. , Pourmorteza Amir 
Published: April 2017

PurposeTo demonstrate the feasibility of spectral imaging using photon‐counting detector (PCD) x‐ray computed tomography (CT) for simultaneous material decomposition of three contrast agents in vivo in a large animal model.MethodsThis Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee‐approved study used a canine model. Bismuth subsalicylate was administered orally 24–72 h before imaging. PCD CT was performed during intravenous administration of 40–60 ml gadoterate meglumine; 3.5 min later, iopamidol 370 was injected intravenously. Renal PCD CT images were acquired every 2 s for 5–6 min to capture the wash‐in and wash‐out kinetics of the contrast agents. Least mean squares linear material decomposition was used to calculate the concentrations of contrast agents in the aorta, renal cortex, renal medulla and renal pelvis.ResultsUsing reference vials with known concentrations of materials, we computed molar concentrations of the various contrast agents during each phase of CT scanning. Material concentration maps allowed simultaneous quantification of both arterial and delayed renal enhancement in a single CT acquisition. The accuracy of the material decomposition algorithm in a test phantom was −0.4 ± 2.2 mM, 0.3 ± 2.2 mM for iodine and gadolinium solutions, respectively. Peak contrast concentration of gadolinium and iodine in the aorta, renal cortex, and renal medulla were observed 16, 24, and 60 s after the start each injection, respectively.ConclusionPhoton‐counting spectral CT allowed simultaneous material decomposition of multiple contrast agents in vivo. Besides defining contrast agent concentrations, tissue enhancement at multiple phases was observed in a single CT acquisition, potentially obviating the need for multiphase CT scans and thus reducing radiation dose.
The urinary microbiome and its contribution to lower urinary tract symptoms; ICI‐RS 2015
Authors: Drake Marcus J. , Morris Nicola , Apostolidis Apostolos , Rahnama'i Mohammad S. , Marchesi Julian R. 
Published: April 2017

AimsThe microbiome is the term used for the symbiotic microbial colonisation of healthy organs. Studies have found bacterial identifiers within voided urine which is apparently sterile on conventional laboratory culture, and accordingly there may be health and disease implications.MethodsThe International Consultation on Incontinence Research Society (ICI‐RS) established a literature review and expert consensus discussion focussed on the increasing awareness of the urinary microbiome, and potential research priorities.ResultsThe consensus considered the discrepancy between findings of conventional clinical microbiology methods, which generally rely on culture parameters predisposed towards certain “expected” organisms. Discrepancy between selective culture and RNA sequencing to study species‐specific 16S ribosomal RNA is increasingly clear, and highlights the possibility that protective or harmful bacteria may be overlooked where microbiological methods are selective. There are now strong signals of the existence of a “core” urinary microbiome for the human urinary tract, particularly emerging with ageing. The consensus reviewed the potential relationship between a patient's microbiome and lower urinary tract dysfunction, whether low‐count bacteriuria may be clinically significant and mechanisms which could associate micro‐organisms with lower urinary tract symptoms.ConclusionsKey research priorities identified include the need to establish the scope of microbiome across the range of normality and clinical presentations, and gain consensus on testing protocols. Proteomics to study enzymatic and other functions may be necessary, since different bacteria may have overlapping phenotype. Longitudinal studies into risk factors for exposure, cumulative risk, and emergence of disease need to undertaken. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:850–853, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
How does lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) affect sexual function in men and women? ICI‐RS 2015—Part 2
Authors: Apostolidis Apostolos , Rantell Angie , Anding Ralf , Kirschner‐Hermanns Ruth , Cardozo Linda 
Published: April 2017

AIMTo discuss available data on the links between LUTD and sexual dysfunction, what is still unknown about the causative effect of disease processes on sexual function (SF), and to suggest proposals for further research.METHODSAt the 2015 International Consultation on Incontinence‐Research Society (ICI‐RS), a multi‐disciplinary group presented a literature search of what is known about the effect of LUTD on SF in men and women. Wider discussions regarding knowledge gaps, and ideal research methodology ensued and are presented.RESULTSThe underlying mechanisms of the impact of LUTD on SF remain largely unknown. Risk factors for the metabolic syndrome may cause both LUTS and ED in men, and their improvement may improve both conditions. In women, neurovascular changes may be common in LUTD and FSD. Successful LUTS management results in FSD improvement, but the mechanisms are ill understood. Gaps in standardization of sexual dysfunction terminology, variations of assessment, and treatment in clinical practice and research make most studies not comparable. The sensitive knowledge and subjective nature of the problem present challenges and often result in neglecting it.CONCLUSIONNeurovascular and hormonal factors, but also indirect effects may link LUTD to SD in both sexes, but the evidence is not robust and the mechanisms unclear. There is a need for defining the terminology and standardizing outcomes assessed in clinical trials. The multifactorial nature of SF in both sexes makes trial design challenging and “real world” studies may prove more beneficial for patients’ outcomes and clinicians’ understanding.
The role of male slings in post prostatectomy incontinence: ICI‐RS 2015
Authors: Sahai Arun , Abrams Paul , Dmochowski Roger , Anding Ralf 
Published: April 2017

AimsPost prostatectomy stress urinary incontinence can significantly impact on quality of life and is bothersome for patients. The artificial urinary sphincter is still considered the gold standard surgical treatment. Male slings are an alternative surgical option and several designs are currently available. This review will focus on efficacy, adverse events, and mechanism of action of male slings. The context of this review was a proposal at the ICI‐RS meeting 2015. Following synthesis of the evidence we address the question: does it matter how male slings work?MethodsThe proposal lecture was reviewed and a comprehensive review of the literature undertaken utilising the PubMed database.ResultsMale slings can be broadly divided into adjustable retropubic and suburethral transobturator slings. Male slings are efficacious and can improve quality of life. Adjustable retropubic slings appear to be compressive but studies suggest efficacy can be achieved without voiding dysfunction. Transobturator slings work by urethral compression and/or re‐locating the urethral bulb. There is a recognized failure rate in all sling types and most studies suggest radiotherapy as a risk factor for failure. Adjustable slings have the ability to be altered to optimize continence or to prevent retention of urine. However, there appears to be a higher explantation rate in some of these systems.ConclusionsIt is important to understand how male slings work and by doing so we are more reliably able to choose the appropriate sling, predict outcomes, and as a result counsel patients. Suggestions for future research are proposed.