bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leiomyosarcoma of the head and neck: A 17‐year single institution experience and review of the National Cancer Data Base
Authors: Workman Alan D. , Farquhar Douglas R. , Brody Robert M. , Parasher Arjun K. , Carey Ryan M. , Purkey Michael T. , Nagda Danish A. , Brooks John S. , Hartner Lee P. , Brant Jason A. , Newman Jason G. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundLeiomyosarcoma is a rare neoplasm of the head and neck. The purpose of this study was to present our single‐institution case series of head and neck leiomyosarcoma and a review of cases in the National Cancer Data Base (NCDB).MethodsPatients with head and neck leiomyosarcoma at the University of Pennsylvania and in the NCDB were identified. Demographic characteristics, tumor factors, treatment paradigms, and outcomes were evaluated for prognostic significance.ResultsNine patients with head and neck leiomyosarcoma from the institution were identified; a majority had high‐grade disease and cutaneous leiomyosarcoma, with a 5‐year survival rate of 50%. Two hundred fifty‐nine patients with leiomyosarcoma were found in the NCDB; macroscopic positive margins and high‐grade disease were associated with poor prognosis (P < .01), and positive surgical margins were related to adjuvant radiation (P < .001).ConclusionHead and neck leiomyosarcoma presents at a high grade and is preferentially treated with surgery. Several demographic and tumor‐specific factors are associated with outcomes and prognosis.
Tobacco smoking between immigrants and non‐immigrants in Australia: A longitudinal investigation of the effect of nativity, duration of residence and age at arrival
Authors: Joshi Suresh , Jatrana Santosh , Paradies Yin 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIssue addressedEarlier research evidence suggests that there is a difference and over time change in the prevalence of tobacco smoking between immigrants and native‐born population. This study investigates the differences in smoking among immigrants from English speaking (ESC) and non‐English speaking (NESC) countries relative to native‐born (NB) Australians, and how those differences change with duration of residence (DoR) and age at arrival (AA).MethodsInformation on 12 634 individuals from the first twelve waves (2001‐2012) of Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) longitudinal survey was analysed using multilevel group‐mean‐centred mixed logistic regression models. Smoking status as an outcome was dichotomized as current vs non‐current smokers.ResultsAfter adjusting for covariates, relative to native‐born respondents, there was no difference in the odds of smoking for English speaking countries immigrants, while immigrants from non‐English speaking countries had lower odds of smoking. The smoking prevalence of immigrants from non‐English speaking countries converged towards the native‐born after 20 years of residence in Australia. The association between duration of residence and smoking was modified by age at arrival, with immigrants (combined ESC and NESC) who arrived as children or adolescents and had lived 20 years or longer were significantly more likely to smoke than native‐born Australians.ConclusionThe results suggest that the initially lower smoking prevalence among non‐English speaking countries immigrants converges with that of native‐born Australians after twenty years of residence, and immigrants (combined ESC and NESC) who arrived as children or adolescents more than 20 years ago were more likely to be smokers.So what?Current health promotion and anti‐smoking programs should ensure that immigrants from non‐English speaking background have access to education and information about the hazards of tobacco consumptions and are aware of the available smoking cessation services. Efforts to prevent smoking uptake among NESC immigrants and those who arrive as children or adolescents and live longer than 20 years is especially important for tobacco control interventions.
Examining the nature, causes, and consequences of profiles of organizational citizenship behavior
Authors: Klotz Anthony C. , Bolino Mark C. , Song Hairong , Stornelli Jason 
Published: December 2017

SummaryResearch on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) typically focuses on either one type of OCB or an aggregate of multiple types of OCB. We investigate a third conceptualization of OCB by examining how employees use conscientiousness, sportsmanship, civic virtue, courtesy, and altruism in distinct combinations. In Study 1, we identify 5 profiles of citizenship in a sample of 129 workers in a medium‐sized firm. Some employees used either high levels (prosocial citizens), above average levels (contributors), or low levels of all 5 OCBs (disengaged). Another profile of employees (specialists) displayed relatively high levels of civic virtue and altruism, and a final profile of employees (moderates) engaged in below‐average levels of all OCBs except conscientiousness. We also found that organizational concern citizenship motives related to these profiles. In Study 2, using a more generalizable sample of over 400 employees, we replicated 4 of the 5 profiles and identified a group of employees who mainly engaged in OCBs aimed at others (good coworkers). Using data collected at 3 points in time, we also found that citizenship motives (impression management, prosocial values, and organizational concern) predicted all 5 OCB profiles and that these profiles predicted job performance ratings, workplace status, and citizenship fatigue.
A retrospective analysis on patients at high‐risk for obstructive sleep apnea undergoing ear, nose, and throat surgeries
Authors: Woodling Karina , Fiorda‐Diaz Juan , Otto Bradley A. , Barnes Christie A. , Uribe Alberto A. , Bergese Sergio D. , Yildiz Vedat , Stoicea Nicoleta , Guertin Michael G. 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may be related to episodes of oxygen de‐saturation, hypercapnia, cardiovascular dysfunction, cor‐pulmonale, and pulmonary hypertension. STOP‐BANG is an acronym for eight specific questions used to assess the likelihood of OSA. If the individual exhibits three or more of these indicators, he/she should be considered to be at high risk for OSA complications. Therefore, the decision of proceeding with inpatient versus outpatient ENT surgery still remains controversial. The primary objective of the study was to identify and correlate desaturation (SPO2 <90%) episodes and risk factors.MethodsWe conducted a single‐center retrospective study between October 1, 2011 and August 31, 2014 in order to identify postoperative complications during the first 24 hours that justify postoperative monitoring and hospital admission. A total of 292 subjects were included for data analysis. Patients were divided into two groups based on the number of OSA risk factors: group A with 3–4 risk factors (n = 166), and group B with ≥5 risk factors (n = 126). The following information was collected: demographics, ASA, preoperative STOP‐BANG score, length of surgery, intraoperative complications, opioid consumption, post anesthesia care unit (PACU) and overall length of stay, supplemental oxygen requirement, oxygen desaturation, and postoperative opioid consumption.ResultsNo statistically significant difference was found when comparing demographic variables between both groups. All STOP‐BANG variables showed statistical significance. PACU and inpatient variables were similar among both groups, with the exception of length of hospital stay (longer stay in group B when compared to group A [p = 0.003]). Desaturation differences between both groups during PACU were statistically significant (p = 0.008). A post‐hoc analysis showed a 0% incidence of overall desaturation in the group with three STOP‐BANG indicators.ConclusionsOur retrospective analysis concluded that patients diagnosed with three STOP‐BANG risk factors did not experience postoperative complications and hospital admission was not justified.Level of Evidence4
Surface Properties and Antimicrobial Activity of Poly(sulfur‐co‐1,3‐diisopropenylbenzene) Copolymers
Authors: Deng Zhuoling , Hoefling Alexander , Théato Patrick , Lienkamp Karen 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPoly(sulfur‐co‐1,3‐diisopropenyl benzene) copolymers with varying compositions are synthesized from elemental sulfur and 1,3‐diisopropenyl benzene by melt polymerization. The resulting polymers are spin‐coated onto silicon wafers, and their thin‐film properties (thickness, surface composition, hydrophobicity, swellability, roughness, and morphology) are studied. The surface composition of the polymer films (determined by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy) indicates that the carbon‐containing repeat units of the polymer segregate to the air–polymer interface, so that the resulting surfaces are hydrophobic. This is in line with results from surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy measurements, which indicate that the materials are protein‐adhesive. Atomic force microscopy reveals that all materials are quite rough and show signs of microphase separation. Antimicrobial assays reveal that the materials are moderately active against Escherichia coli.
Prediction of Initial Miscibility for Ternary Polyurethane Reaction Mixtures on Basis of Solubility Parameters and Flory–Huggins Theory
Authors: Wenning Christian , Barbe Stéphan , Achten Dirk , Schmidt Annette M. , Leimenstoll Marc C. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe initial miscibility in bi‐soft segment polyurethane reaction mixtures is investigated on the basis of Flory–Huggins (FH) theory and solubility parameters (SPs). Different group contribution theories are applied to estimate the SPs of polyether polyol (PEP) structures and 1,6‐hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI). The PEP structure comprising starter molecule, ethylene oxide/propylene oxide moieties, and end‐functional hydroxyl groups is considered in the calculations. Binodal curves are determined computationally for binary PEP mixtures as well as for a ternary mixture consisting of HDI and a binary mixture of partially miscible PEPs. The computed phase equilibria are found to be in good agreement to experimental cloud points and binodal compositions. The prediction of miscibility for practically relevant ternary polyurethane systems on the basis of FH theory and SPs is thus feasible. Additionally, the study demonstrates that HDI is acting as a compatibilizer for partially miscible PEPs in the initial reaction mixture.
Intraoperative objective evaluation of venous congestion in deep epigastric artery perforator flap breast reconstruction: A pilot study
Authors: Akita Shinsuke , Yamaji Yoshihisa , Tokumoto Hideki , Sasahara Yoshitaro , Tezuka Takafumi , Kubota Yoshitaka , Kuriyama Motone , Mitsukawa Nobuyuki 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundIn a deep epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap breast reconstruction, the necessity of additional anastomosis of the superficial inferior epigastric vein (SIEV) should be determined intraoperatively. The purpose of this pilot study is to propose a method to detect venous congestion intraoperatively using the blood glucose measurement index (BGMI).MethodsIn 70 DIEP flaps of 67 patients for breast reconstruction, the ratio of blood glucose content in the flap to systemic blood glucose (BGMI) was measured immediately after wound closure. Eight flaps in which BGMI was less than 0.8 were categorized into the low BGMI group, and additional venous anastomosis using SIEV was conducted. The other 62 flaps were categorized into the normal BGMI group. Perioperative objective color difference of the flap calculated using the L*a*b* color coordinate scale was recorded simultaneously. Correlation between BGMI and color difference was analyzed.ResultsIn all flaps in the low BGMI group, SIEV diameter was increased; after additional anastomosis, the BGMI significantly improved (from 0.71 ± 0.05 to 0.94 ± 0.05, P < .01). There was a significant correlation between BGMI and color difference (P = .04). The determination coefficient was 0.265. When a BGMI of less than 0.8 was assumed to be a true positive, the area under the curve of color difference in the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.82.ConclusionBGMI immediately after wound closure may be useful to detect initial signs of venous congestion. Intraoperative objective color difference also reflects venous congestion; however, it is not highly accurate.
Arabidopsis DEFECTIVE KERNEL1 regulates cell wall composition and axial growth in the inflorescence stem
Authors: Amanda Dhika , Doblin Monika S. , MacMillan Colleen P. , Galletti Roberta , Golz John F. , Bacic Antony , Ingram Gwyneth C. , Johnson Kim L. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAxial growth in plant stems requires a fine balance between elongation and stem mechanical reinforcement to ensure mechanical stability. Strength is provided by the plant cell wall, the deposition of which must be coordinated with cell expansion and elongation to ensure that integrity is maintained during growth. Coordination of these processes is critical and yet poorly understood. The plant‐specific calpain, DEFECTIVE KERNEL1 (DEK1), plays a key role in growth coordination in leaves, yet its role in regulating stem growth has not been addressed. Using plants overexpressing the active CALPAIN domain of DEK1 (CALPAIN OE) and a DEK1 knockdown line (amiRNA‐DEK1), we undertook morphological, biochemical, biophysical, and microscopic analyses of mature inflorescence stems. We identify a novel role for DEK1 in the maintenance of cell wall integrity and coordination of growth during inflorescence stem development. CALPAIN OE plants are significantly reduced in stature and have short, thickened stems, while amiRNA‐DEK1 lines have weakened stems that are unable to stand upright. Microscopic analyses of the stems identify changes in cell size, shape and number, and differences in both primary and secondary cell wall thickness and composition. Taken together, our results suggest that DEK1 influences primary wall growth by indirectly regulating cellulose and pectin deposition. In addition, we observe changes in secondary cell walls that may compensate for altered primary cell wall composition. We propose that DEK1 activity is required for the coordination of stem strengthening with elongation during axial growth.
Analogous detection of circulating tumor cells using the AccuCyte®—CyteFinder® system and ISET system in patients with locally advanced and metastatic prostate cancer
Authors: van der Toom Emma E. , Groot Vincent P. , Glavaris Stephanie A. , Gemenetzis Georgios , Chalfin Heather J. , Wood Laura D. , Wolfgang Christopher L. , de la Rosette Jean J.M.C.H. , de Reijke Theo M. , Pienta Kenneth J. 
Published: December 2017

IntroductionCirculating tumor cells (CTCs) can provide important information on patient's prognosis and treatment efficacy. Currently, a plethora of methods is available for the detection of these rare cells. We compared the outcomes of two of those methods to enumerate and characterize CTCs in patients with locally advanced and metastatic prostate cancer (PCa). First, the selection‐free AccuCyte® − CyteFinder® system (RareCyte®, Inc., Seattle, WA) and second, the ISET system (Rarecells Diagnostics, France), a CTC detection method based on cell size‐exclusion.MethodsPeripheral blood samples were obtained from 15 patients with metastatic PCa and processed in parallel, using both methods according to manufacturer's protocol. CTCs were identified by immunofluorescence, using commercially available antibodies to pancytokeratin (PanCK), EpCAM, CD45/CD66b/CD34/CD11b/CD14 (AccuCyte® − CyteFinder® system), and pancytokeratin, vimentin (Vim) and CD45 (ISET system).ResultsThe median CTC count was 5 CTCs/7.5 mL (range, 0‐20) for the AccuCyte® − CyteFinder® system and 37 CTCs/7.5 mL (range, 8‐139) for the ISET system (P < 0.001). Total CTC counts obtained for the two methods were correlated (r = 0.750, P = 0.001). When separating the total CTC count obtained with the ISET system in PanCK+/Vim− and PanCK+/Vim+ CTCs, the total CTC count obtained with the AccuCyte® − CyteFinder® system was moderately correlated with the PanCK+/Vim− CTCs, and strongly correlated with the PanCK+/Vim+ CTCs (r = 0.700, P = 0.004 and r = 0.810, P < 0.001, respectively).ConclusionOur results highlight significant disparities in the enumeration and phenotype of CTCs detected by both techniques. Although the median amount of CTCs/7.5 mL differed significantly, total CTC counts of both methods were strongly correlated. For future studies, a more uniform approach to the isolation and definition of CTCs based on immunofluorescent stains is needed to provide reproducible results that can be correlated with clinical outcomes.
Thiocarbamate fungicides: reliable tools in resistance management and future outlook
Authors: Thind Tarlochan S , Hollomon Derek W 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAmong contact fungicides, dithiocarbamates have remained successful and are used worldwide. These organic sulfur fungicides, viz. mancozeb, maneb, zineb, ziram, thiram, metiram and propineb, have helped growers manage several economically important plant diseases. Their multi‐site mode of action and broad‐spectrum disease control make them some of the most common partners in mixtures of a number of single‐site fungicides as part of resistance management strategies. Indeed, it was the part played by ethylene‐bis‐dithiocarbamates such as mancozeb in delaying the evolution of phenylamide resistance in several oomycete phytopathogens that laid the groundwork for mixture strategies to become a cornerstone of anti‐resistance management in plant disease control. Dithiocarbamates, however, do not have systemic action, are only surface protectants and have to be applied prior to pathogen infection. Dithiocarbamates will likely continue play a key role as reliable resistance management tools to prolong the efficacy of single‐site fungicides. The primary metabolite ethylene thiourea produced by some of these fungicides is considered a reproductive and endocrine disrupter in animals. Therefore, dithiocarbamates need to be used at reduced rates or in slow‐release formulations. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
More effective sprint retrospective with statistical analysis
Authors: Erdoğan Onur , Pekkaya Muhammed Emre , Gök Halime 
Published: December 2017

AbstractScrum teams aim to deliver products productively with highest possible value and quality, so they try to deliver high priority and high value product backlog items in earlier sprints. Making size estimation of product backlog items correctly is one of the most prominent factors for effective sprint planning. Retrospective meetings are an opportunity for teams to improve product quality, their productivity, and estimation capability. Enhancing in those areas requires empiricism as agility requires; hence, measureable indicators should be inspected and adapted at regular intervals. In this study, we assessed how and what kind of historical data is required to be collected for monitoring, and how statistical analysis can be investigated for inspection and adaptation in retrospective meetings. We experimented that statistics of “Correlation between Story Point and Actual Effort” and “Consistency of Relative Estimation” were convenient for inspection and adaptation of estimation capability of teams. Past retrospective meetings also showed that statistics of “Team's Actual Effort on Product,” “Team Velocity,” “Actual Effort for One Story Point,” “Innovation Rate,” and “Velocity vs Unplanned Effort Rate” were helpful to control and increase the productivity of teams. “Actual Effort Rate of Quality Activities” and “Subcomponent Defect Density” statistical results helped to enhance product quality.
Design and Synthesis of Cobalt‐Based Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Zhong Haihong , Gong Xiaoman , Zhang Shuwei , Tang Pinggui , Li Dianqing , Feng Yongjun 
Published: December 2017

AbstractOxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is the crucial step of various renewable energy conversion and storage technologies such as fuel cells and air‐batteries. Cobalt–based electrocatalysts including oxides/chalcogenides and Co−Nx/C, one kind of non‐precious metal electrocatalysts with competitive activity, enhanced durability, and acceptable cost, have been proposed as the potentially interesting alternatives to Pt‐based electrocatalysts. In this account, we summarized the synthesis methods and the corresponding main impact factors including ligand effect, particle size effect, crystal structure, nanostructure, defects and active centers related to the ORR performance on both of oxides/chalcogenides and Co−Nx/C. Some special points have been discussed on design and synthesis of low‐cost and high–performance cobalt‐based electrocatalysts with enhanced electrocatalytic activity. Also, the current challenges and future trends are proposed for improving the performance of Co‐involving electrocatalysts.
Evolutionary leap in large‐scale flood risk assessment needed
Authors: Vorogushyn Sergiy , Bates Paul D. , de Bruijn Karin , Castellarin Attilio , Kreibich Heidi , Priest Sally , Schröter Kai , Bagli Stefano , Blöschl Günter , Domeneghetti Alessio , Gouldby Ben , Klijn Frans , Lammersen Rita , Neal Jeffrey C. , Ridder Nina , Terink Wilco , Viavattene Christophe , Viglione Alberto , Zanardo Stefano , Merz Bruno 
Published: December 2017

Current approaches for assessing large‐scale flood risks contravene the fundamental principles of the flood risk system functioning because they largely ignore basic interactions and feedbacks between atmosphere, catchments, river‐floodplain systems, and socioeconomic processes. As a consequence, risk analyses are uncertain and might be biased. However, reliable risk estimates are required for prioritizing national investments in flood risk mitigation or for appraisal and management of insurance portfolios. We review several examples of process interactions and highlight their importance in shaping spatiotemporal risk patterns. We call for a fundamental redesign of the approaches used for large‐scale flood risk assessment. They need to be capable to form a basis for large‐scale flood risk management and insurance policies worldwide facing the challenge of increasing risks due to climate and global change. In particular, implementation of the European Flood Directive needs to be adjusted for the next round of flood risk mapping and development of flood risk management plans focusing on methods accounting for more process interactions in flood risk systems. WIREs Water 2018, 5:e1266. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1266This article is categorized under:

Science of Water > Water Extremes
Science of Water > Hydrological Processes
Engineering Water > Planning Water