bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diversité limitée. Jeunesses populaires et éducation à la citoyenneté dans les quartiers de la « Politique de la ville »
Authors: Bordiec Sylvain 
Published: June 2017

Cet article est fondé sur les apports d’une enquête sociologique menée dans un quartier parisien intégré à la géographie prioritaire de la Politique de la ville. Les opérations d’éducation à la citoyenneté mises en œuvre dans ce contexte révèlent que celui-ci constitue à la fois, pour la jeunesse locale, une force de reconnaissance et une force de dénégation de « sa » diversité. Les interactions à l’œuvre lors de ces opérations entre participants et publics associatifs, élus et policiers sont observées. Ces observations montrent que la présente contradiction est liée à la coexistence de la diversité en tant qu’ensemble de caractéristiques et de pratiques sociales différenciées confirmées et renforcées par les associations – la « diversité sociale » – et de la diversité comme thématique politique mobilisée et mise en forme par les autorités locales – la « diversité politique ». Sur la base du lieu de résidence et de la couleur de peau, la « diversité politique » assigne ces jeunes des classes populaires à une unité « négative ».
Les mouvements d’occupation : agir, protester, critiquer
Authors: Dechezelles Stéphanie , Olive Maurice 
Published: June 2017

L’article s’intéresse aux occupations de lieux, qu’il s’efforce de réinscrire dans l’historicité idéologique des modes d’action contestataires, dans la variabilité des significations que leur attribuent les individus et les collectifs – eux-mêmes hétérogènes – qui s’y engagent, et surtout dans la matérialité des pratiques qui s’y déploient. Croisée à l’examen des trajectoires sociales des acteurs, l’attention ethnographique portée aux gestes accomplis dans le quotidien réinventé des lieux occupés permet de mettre à nu l’importance des mécanismes de déclassement social, d’expérience de la marge ou d’exposition à la violence dans la compréhension des processus d’entrée en occupation, particulièrement pour les acteurs sans passé militant. En permettant la reconversion d’une expérience intime de la souffrance et de l’injustice en ressource militante, l’engagement dans un régime d’action occupationnel, à la fois radical et familier, offre un espace de reconnaissance collective où s’explorent les voies d’une citoyenneté vécue comme accomplie, car indexée à un agir politique.
Occuper son usine et produire : stratégie de lutte ou de survie ?
Authors: Gourgues Guillaume 
Published: June 2017

Les occupations productives de lieux de travail, et notamment d’usines, menées par les travailleurs, forment-elles la voie d’une alternative commune au capitalisme ? Pour alimenter les débats soulevés actuellement par cette question, cet article propose une monographie historique des occupations de l’usine horlogère Lip, située à Besançon, entre 1973 et 1977. En revenant sur l’évolution des pratiques d’occupation durant ce conflit « mythique », via un traitement longitudinal des archives, notre ambition est d’insister sur la difficulté des travailleurs à fixer le sens politique de la reprise de la production dans l’usine occupée. Constamment tiraillés entre lutte et survie, les travailleurs et leurs responsables syndicaux tâtonnent et réinventent en permanence les règles concrètes et quotidiennes de l’occupation. Lip peut, en cela, être considéré comme autre chose qu’un exemple emblématique de « l’après 68 » du mouvement ouvrier français, et interroger la trajectoire politique des expériences actuelles d’occupation et de récupération des lieux et outils de travail.
Se réapproprier un village abandonné en Galilée : une « prise » territoriale comme forme de contestation
Authors: Bulle Sylvaine 
Published: June 2017

L’article examine la réappropriation d’un village abandonné, en Haute-Galilée (Nord d’Israël), depuis 2013, par un collectif de jeunes Israéliens arabes issus de la troisième génération de réfugiés palestiniens. Cette action collective, irrégulière, relève d’une forme d’activisme d’un nouveau type consistant à occuper discrètement des lieux contestés, comme un village détruit depuis la guerre de 1948, sans véritablement atteindre ni attendre une visibilité ou une visée politique de grande portée et propre à la cause palestinienne. Il s’agit là d’un agir contestataire , qui consiste à se replier sur un territoire originel et à marquer ainsi une forme de rupture avec l’État israélien. Trois aspects sont traités ici. Le premier concerne le ressentiment de jeunes Palestiniens à l’égard du cadre politique national, qui déclenche l’occupation discrète d’un village qualifiée de « prise » territoriale. Le second concerne le langage de cette occupation, analysée pragmatiquement à partir d’un milieu de vie reconstruit. Enfin, la portée politique de l’action collective de réappropriation d’un territoire est interrogée, dans la mesure où elle relève de la mise à l’épreuve de l’État d’Israël, au regard non seulement d’une dénonciation du modèle national, mais aussi dans le but de s’en détacher.
« C’est uniquement social ». Sur la production d’un dualisme social/psychiatrique en sciences sociales et dans le travail ordinaire de la psychiatrie
Authors: Borelle Céline 
Published: June 2017

Un grand nombre de travaux sur la psychiatrie partagent un même présupposé méthodologique et théorique : le fait de montrer que la réalité de la maladie mentale – de sa qualification et de son traitement – est aussi sociale, c’est toujours remettre en cause la construction de son objet par la psychiatrie. Et s’intéresser à l’une des dimensions de cette réalité, psychiatrique ou sociale, revient forcément à négliger l’autre. L’établissement d’un tel rapport d’exclusion respective entre le social et le psychiatrique induit une approche « dualiste » : la mission des sciences sociales consiste à opérer une distinction entre ce que la psychiatrie déclare faire – identifier et traiter des problèmes psychiatriques – et ce qu’elle fait effectivement – exercer un contrôle social, normaliser les déviances, moraliser une classe sociale ou encore servir d’instrument de pouvoir sur l’institution scolaire. Dans cet article, on propose de prendre de la distance par rapport à ces approches dualistes en remettant en cause le rapport d’exclusivité entre social et psychiatrique, de même que le rapport de concurrence entre sciences sociales et psychiatrie qu’il induit. Cette remise en cause se fonde sur une approche qui privilégie les tensions internes à l’activité comme point d’entrée dans l’étude de la psychiatrie. On s’attache à décrire un type de tension spécifique : la tension ontologique, c’est-à-dire la manière dont les professionnels répondent, en pratiques et en situation, à la question de l’indétermination ontologique des problèmes auxquels ils sont confrontés. Il s’agit de saisir la tension ontologique entre psychiatrique et social qui est en jeu dans les pratiques de diagnostic et de traitement des comportements et individus problématiques. On entend montrer que la question de l’ontologie du problème, plus précisément le problème ontologique de la frontière entre psychiatrique et social, se pose aux professionnels de la psychiatrie eux-mêmes et que cette question, cadrée par des professions institutionnalisées, engage des enjeux cruciaux de division concrète du travail et de partage de la responsabilité d’une situation.
Health and Functional Literacy in Physical Rehabilitation Patients
Authors: Hahn Elizabeth A. , Magasi Susan R. , Carlozzi Noelle E. , Tulsky David S. , Wong Alex , Garcia Sofia F. , Lai Jin-Shei , Hammel Joy , Miskovic Ana , Jerousek Sara , Goldsmith Arielle , Nitsch Kristian , Heinemann Allen W. 
Published: June 2017

Background:
People with disabilities, who face multiple barriers to care, experience health disparities, yet few studies have measured health literacy in this population.

Objective:
This study evaluated functional literacy, health literacy, fluid cognitive function, and self-reported health in people who live in community dwellings with spinal cord injury, stroke, or traumatic brain injury.

Methods:
Participants with a traumatic spinal cord injury, stroke, or traumatic brain injury, one-year postinjury, and age 18 to 85 years, completed a battery of instruments at three medical centers in the Midwestern U.S.: functional literacy (word recognition, vocabulary knowledge), health literacy (comprehension of prose, document, and quantitative health information), fluid cognitive function (memory, executive function, and processing speed), and patient-reported outcomes (mobility, fatigue, sadness, anxiety, social function, and overall health).

Key Results:
There were strong correlations between functional literacy, health literacy, and fluid cognitive function. After adjustment for sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, higher health literacy was associated with better mobility, less anxiety, and better overall health; higher functional literacy was associated with less anxiety and better overall health; and higher fluid cognitive function was associated with better mobility, less sadness, better social function, and better overall health.

Conclusions:

To effectively address limited health literacy among people with spinal cord injury, stroke, and traumatic brain injury, and ensure that they are able to be informed partners in their health care, intervention is required at the level of patients, providers, and health care delivery systems. A special consideration is to ensure that health information is both well-targeted to people's health literacy levels and accessible for people with a range of physical, cognitive, and sensory limitations. The multimedia self-administered health literacy measure used in this study could be useful to rehabilitation providers and designers of health information and interfaces.

[
Health Literacy Research and Practice.
2017;1(2):e71–e85.]

Plain Language Summary:
Health literacy represents people's abilities to obtain, understand, and use health information to make informed decisions about their health and health care. People with disabilities face physical, attitudinal, economic, and structural barriers to care. Consideration of health literacy in rehabilitation practice can enhance the effectiveness of the patient-clinician relationship and help address the needs of this population.
Surface LAMP-2 Is an Endocytic Receptor That Diverts Antigen Internalized by Human Dendritic Cells into Highly Immunogenic Exosomes
Authors: Leone Dario Armando , Peschel Andrea , Brown Markus , Schachner Helga , Ball Miriam J. , Gyuraszova Marianna , Salzer-Muhar Ulrike , Fukuda Minoru , Vizzardelli Caterina , Bohle Barbara , Rees Andrew J. , Kain Renate 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The lysosome-associated membrane protein (LAMP) family includes the dendritic cell endocytic receptors DC-LAMP and CD68, as well as LAMP-1 and LAMP-2. In this study we identify LAMP-1 (CD107a) and LAMP-2 (CD107b) on the surface of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDC) and show only LAMP-2 is internalized after ligation by specific Abs, including H4B4, and traffics rapidly but transiently to the MHC class II loading compartment, as does Ag conjugated to H4B4. However, pulsing MoDC with conjugates of primary (keyhole limpet hemocyanin; KLH) and recall (Bet v 1) Ags (H4B4*KLH and H4B4*Bet v 1) induced significantly less CD4 cell proliferation than pulsing with native Ag or Ag conjugated to control mAb (ISO*KLH and ISO*Bet v 1). In H4B4*KLH-pulsed MoDC, the duration of KLH residence in MHC class II loading compartments was significantly reduced, as were surface HLA-DR and DR-bound KLH-derived peptides. Paradoxically, MoDC pulsed with H4B4*KLH, but not the other KLH preparations, induced robust proliferation of CD4 cells separated from them by a transwell membrane, indicating factors in the supernatant were responsible. Furthermore, extracellular vesicles from supernatants of H4B4*KLH-pulsed MoDC contained significantly more HLA-DR and KLH than those purified from control MoDC, and KLH was concentrated specifically in exosomes that were a uniquely effective source of Ag in standard T cell proliferation assays. In summary, we identify LAMP-2 as an endocytic receptor on human MoDC that routes cargo into unusual Ag processing pathways, which reduces surface expression of Ag-derived peptides while selectively enriching Ag within immunogenic exosomes. This novel pathway has implications for the initiation of immune responses both locally and at distant sites.
The Bile Acid Receptor GPBAR1 Regulates the M1/M2 Phenotype of Intestinal Macrophages and Activation of GPBAR1 Rescues Mice from Murine Colitis
Authors: Biagioli Michele , Carino Adriana , Cipriani Sabrina , Francisci Daniela , Marchianò Silvia , Scarpelli Paolo , Sorcini Daniele , Zampella Angela , Fiorucci Stefano 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
GPBAR1 (TGR5 or M-BAR) is a G protein–coupled receptor for secondary bile acids that is highly expressed in monocytes/macrophages. In this study, we aimed to determine the role of GPBAR1 in mediating leukocyte trafficking in chemically induced models of colitis and investigate the therapeutic potential of BAR501, a small molecule agonist for GPBAR1. These studies demonstrated that GPBAR1 gene ablation enhanced the recruitment of classically activated macrophages in the colonic lamina propria and worsened the severity of inflammation. In contrast, GPBAR1 activation by BAR501 reversed intestinal inflammation in the trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid and oxazolone models by reducing the trafficking of Ly6C+ monocytes from blood to intestinal mucosa. Exposure to BAR501 shifted intestinal macrophages from a classically activated (CD11b+, CCR7+, F4/80−) to an alternatively activated (CD11b+, CCR7−, F4/80+) phenotype, reduced the expression of inflammatory genes (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, and CCL2 mRNAs), and attenuated the wasting syndrome and severity of colitis (≈70% reduction in the Colitis Disease Activity Index). The protective effect was lost in Gpbar1−/− mice. Exposure to BAR501 increased the colonic expression of IL-10 and TGF-β mRNAs and the percentage of CD4+/Foxp3+ cells. The beneficial effects of BAR501 were lost in Il-10−/− mice. In a macrophage cell line, regulation of IL-10 by BAR501 was GPBAR1 dependent and was mediated by the recruitment of CREB to its responsive element in the IL-10 promoter. In conclusion, GPBAR1 is expressed in circulating monocytes and colonic macrophages, and its activation promotes a IL-10–dependent shift toward an alternatively activated phenotype. The targeting of GPBAR1 may offer therapeutic options in inflammatory bowel diseases.
Varicella-Zoster Virus–Specific Cellular Immune Responses to the Live Attenuated Zoster Vaccine in Young and Older Adults
Authors: Weinberg Adriana , Canniff Jennifer , Rouphael Nadine , Mehta Aneesh , Mulligan Mark , Whitaker Jennifer A. , Levin Myron J. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The incidence and severity of herpes zoster (HZ) increases with age. The live attenuated zoster vaccine generates immune responses similar to HZ. We compared the immune responses to zoster vaccine in young and older to adults to increase our understanding of the immune characteristics that may contribute to the increased susceptibility to HZ in older adults. Young (25–40 y; n = 25) and older (60–80 y; n = 33) adults had similar magnitude memory responses to varicella-zoster virus (VZV) ex vivo restimulation measured by responder cell-frequency and flow cytometry, but the responses were delayed in older compared with young adults. Only young adults had an increase in dual-function VZV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell effectors defined by coexpression of IFN-γ, IL-2, and CD107a after vaccination. In contrast, older adults showed marginal increases in VZV-specific CD8+CD57+ senescent T cells after vaccination, which were already higher than those of young adults before vaccination. An increase in VZV-stimulated CD4+CD69+CD57+PD1+ and CD8+CD69+CD57+PD1+ T cells from baseline to postvaccination was associated with concurrent decreased VZV-memory and CD8+ effector responses, respectively, in older adults. Blocking the PD1 pathway during ex vivo VZV restimulation increased the CD4+ and CD8+ proliferation, but not the effector cytokine production, which modestly increased with TIM-3 blockade. We conclude that high proportions of senescent and exhausted VZV-specific T cells in the older adults contribute to their poor effector responses to a VZV challenge. This may underlie their inability to contain VZV reactivation and prevent the development of HZ.
Osteolytic Skull Lesions–Our Experience
Authors: Sandeep B. V. , Banga Manpreet Singh , Saha Suniti Kumar , Roy Kaushik 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT
Objective: To present an overview of varied clinical presentations, investigations and treatment options for Osteolytic skull lesions. Study Design: It is a prospective study. Materials and Methods: We conducted this study from January 2013 to December 2015 in the Department of Neurosurgery, Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata. During this period, 14 patients presented with osteolytic skull lesions through the outpatient department. All patients were thoroughly investigated with appropriate hematological and radiological investigations and treated following admission, and surgery was performed in the Neurosurgery Department. All were followed regularly in OPD. Results: Total 14 patients were included in the study. Amongst these 7 were male and 7 female. Age group of patients ranged from 5 to 72 years. Of 14 cases, three cases had dermoid cyst, four cases had metastasis, and one each case had epidermoid cyst, intradiploic meningioma, benign cystic lesion, tuberculosis, histiocytosis X, hemangioma, and osteomyelitis. All underwent diagnostic/therapeutic procedures and referred for Radio or chemotherapy where indicated. Conclusion: All scalp/skull lesions need careful clinical correlation, appropriate radiological investigations to establish diagnosis and subject them to suitable treatment.
Surgically Relevant Bony Anatomical Variations in Paraclinoid Aneurysms-Three-Dimensional Multi-Detector Row Computed Tomography-Based Study
Authors: Suprasanna K. , Kumar Ashvini 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate the proportion of surgically relevant anatomical variations such as caroticoclinoid foramen, interclinoid osseous bridge, and anterior clinoid pneumatization in patients with paraclinoid aneurysms based on computed tomography (CT) cerebral angiography studies. Materials and Methods: Fifty-four CT cerebral angiography studies showing paraclinoid aneurysms involving the cavernous, clinoid, and supraclinoid internal carotid artery (ICA) were retrospectively evaluated. Source images were processed for three-dimensional reconstructions to evaluate the presence and type of caroticoclinoid foramen, interclinoid osseous bridge, and multiplanar reconstructions with bone algorithm to study the type of pneumatization. Results: The study included 30 female and 24 male patients with mean age of 45.61 (10.47) years. Among the 108 sides studied in 54 patients, caroticoclinoid foramen was seen in 24 cases (22.22%), interclinoid osseous bridge was seen unilaterally in 1 case (0.9%), and pneumatization of anterior clinoid process occurred in 12 cases (11.11%). Incomplete caroticoclinoid foramen (11 cases) and Type I pneumatization (7 cases) were seen to be predominant subtypes. There was no statistically significant gender difference in the occurrence of caroticoclinoid foramen and anterior clinoid pneumatization. Seventy-four aneurysms were detected in 54 patients. Based on their location, 46 aneurysms involved supraclinoid ICA, 18 aneurysms in the clinoid segment, and 10 aneurysms in the cavernous segment. Caroticoclinoid foramen was most prevalent in clinoid aneurysms with 12 cases occurring in the clinoid segment. Conclusion: Notable proportions of caroticoclinoid foramen and pneumatization occur in cases of paraclinoid aneurysm. Radiological reports should emphasize on these surgically relevant bony anatomical variations.
Neuropsychiatric Manifestations of Scrub Typhus
Authors: Mahajan Sanjay K. , Mahajan Sanyam K. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTScrub typhus is caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi characterized by focal or disseminated vasculitis and perivasculitis which may involve the lungs, heart, liver, spleen and central nervous system. It was thought to have been eradicated from India. Recently it is being reported from many areas of India. The clinical picture and severity of the symptoms varies widely. The neurological manifestations of scrub typhus are not uncommon but are diverse. Meningoencephalitis is classical manifestation of scrub typhus but cerebellitis, cranial nerve palsies, plexopathy, transverse myelitis, neuroleptic malignant syndrome and Guillan-Barré syndrome are other manifestations reported in literature. The availability of literature on the neurological manifestations of scrub typhus is limited to case reports mainly. This article reviews various neurological manifestations of scrub typhus reported in literature.
Is Depression Related to Low Folate Levels in People with Epilepsy? An Observational Study and Meta-analysis
Authors: Ramanujam Bhargavi , Bajaj Bhupender Kumar , Kaur Kirandeep , Anand Kuljeet Singh , Buxi Gurdeep 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT
Background: Both depression and low serum levels of folate are common in people with epilepsy (PWE), the latter especially in patients on hepatic enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). We did a cross-sectional study and a meta-analysis to assess if lower folate levels have any relation with depression in PWE. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and one PWE were recruited and assessed for depression using the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Self-Rated (IDS-SR) and Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Clinician Rated; serum folate levels were measured in them at the same time. Literature search was carried out and studies with data on depression as well as folate levels in PWE were included. Statistical analysis to determine frequency of depression, low folate levels, and relation between them among our cases and the pooled data from the included studies was done. Results: Depression was observed in 65.68% and low serum folate (<4 ng/ml) in 48.75% of PWE (over 80% on older AEDs); there was no statistically significant correlation between them. However, on analyzing the pooled data of six studies including the present, the Fisher’s z-transformed correlation coefficient was −0.1690 (95% confidence interval [−0.3175, −0.0124], P = 0.0464). Conclusions: Depression and low folate levels are common in PWE. Low folate levels have a mild but significant negative correlation with depression in this population, and folate supplementation would be advisable for those on the older AEDs.