bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐Efficacy and Planning as Predictors of Physical Activity in the Context of Workplace Health Promotion
Authors: Keller Jan , Gellert Paul , Knoll Nina , Schneider Michael , Ernsting Anna 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundFostering self‐efficacy and planning in individuals can support the uptake and maintenance of regular physical activity. This study examined self‐efficacy and planning as mechanisms of an online‐delivered workplace health promotion intervention to enhance employees' physical activity. A special focus lay on reciprocal interrelations among self‐efficacy and planning over time, as previous work predominantly accounted for only one predictive direction at a time.MethodsData from N = 1,063 employees of a pharmaceutical company who reported an intention to increase their physical activity levels were assessed at three measurement points up to 12 weeks following the intervention. Cross‐lagged panel analyses were performed to examine effects of self‐efficacy and planning on physical activity as well as reciprocal interrelations between self‐efficacy and planning.ResultsFindings indicated an increase in self‐efficacy, planning, and physical activity following the intervention. Planning was consistently linked to subsequent physical activity, whereas self‐efficacy was not associated. Also, reciprocal interrelations among self‐efficacy and planning were found across both measurement lags.ConclusionsPlanning was confirmed as a predictor of physical activity, whereas self‐efficacy was not. However, cross‐lagged interrelations indicated reciprocal reactivation among self‐efficacy and planning over time, suggesting beneficial effects of including strategies that foster both volitional constructs in interventions.
Peas in a Pod: Are Efficient Municipalities also Financially Sustainable?
Authors: Drew Joseph , Dollery Brian , Kortt Michael A. 
Published: June 2016

Are efficient councils financially sustainable? We argue that an efficient council may not necessarily be financially sustainable. Our subsequent empirical analysis finds limited evidence in favour of an ‘efficiency–sustainability’ nexus. Thus, policies aimed at improving a council's efficiency may not automatically enhance their financial sustainability.Public policy makers have principally focused on improving the operational efficiency of local government on the presumption that this will result in a more financially sustainable sector. We argue that it is erroneous to assume that an efficient local government entity will necessarily be more fiscally sustainable. To test this argument, we apply an innovative method for empirically testing the association between financial sustainability and operational efficiency to the New South Wales local government system. Our results suggest limited positive associations between financial sustainability measures and municipal efficiency.
Alliance and adherence in a systemic therapy
Authors: Lange Aurelie M.C. , van der Rijken Rachel E.A. , Delsing Marc J.M.H. , Busschbach Jan J.V. , van Horn Joan E. , Scholte Ron H.J. 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundThe client–therapist working alliance is a key contributor to effective adult psychotherapy. However, little is known about its role in family and systemic therapy. Moreover, few studies have assessed alliance longitudinally or have investigated how it interrelates with other process variables, such as therapist adherence (i.e. the extent to which the therapist adheres to the treatment protocol or manual). We hypothesised that alliance and adherence interrelate over the course of the therapy.MethodThis study investigated the bidirectional associations between alliance and therapist adherence using cross‐lagged panel analyses for a sample of 1970 adolescents and their families participating in Multisystemic Therapy (MST). A number of client characteristics were included as moderators, namely demographic characteristics, type and severity of adolescent problem behaviour, and whether or not the MST treatment was court ordered. Alliance and adherence were scored by the primary caregiver through telephone interviews at monthly intervals during treatment.ResultsAlliance in 1 month predicted therapist adherence in a subsequent month. Adherence only predicted subsequent alliance during the middle part of the treatment process. The results were not moderated by any of the client factors.ConclusionsThe results suggest that alliance and therapist adherence may reinforce one another during therapy. Although alliance may facilitate the development of therapist adherence, adherence may subsequently deepen and consolidate the client–therapist alliance. These results are independent of client characteristics.
Feedback suppression of meal‐induced glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) secretion mediated through elevations in intact GLP‐1 caused by dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibition: a randomized, prospective comparison of sitagliptin and vildagliptin treatment
Authors: Baranov Oleg , Kahle Melanie , Deacon Carolyn F. , Holst Jens J. , Nauck Michael A. 
Published: June 2016

AimTo compare directly the clinical effects of vildagliptin and sitagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes, with a special emphasis on incretin hormones and L‐cell feedback inhibition induced by dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP‐4) inhibition.MethodsA total of 24 patients (12 on a diet/exercise regimen, 12 on metformin) were treated, in randomized order, for 7‐9 days, with either vildagliptin (50 mg twice daily = 100 mg/d), sitagliptin (100 mg once daily in those on diet, 50 mg twice daily in those on metformin treatment = 100 mg/d) or placebo (twice daily). A mixed‐meal test was performed.ResultsIntact glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) and glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide concentrations were doubled by both DPP‐4 inhibitors. Meal‐related total GLP‐1 responses were reduced by vildagliptin and sitagliptin treatment alike in the majority of patients (vildagliptin: p = 0.0005; sitagliptin: p = 0.019), but with substantial inter‐individual variation. L‐cell feedback appeared to be more pronounced in those whose intact GLP‐1 relative to total GLP‐1 increased more, and who had greater reductions in fasting plasma glucose after DPP‐4 inhibition. K‐cell feedback inhibition overall was not significant. There were no differences in any of the clinical variables (glycaemia, insulin and glucagon secretory responses) between vildagliptin and sitagliptin treatment.ConclusionsVildagliptin and sitagliptin affected incretin hormones, glucose concentrations, insulin and glucagon secretion in a similar manner. Inter‐individual variations in L‐cell feedback inhibition may indicate heterogeneity in the clinical response to DPP‐4 inhibition.
Assessment of global left ventricular excursion using three‐dimensional dobutamine stress echocardiography to identify significant coronary artery disease
Authors: Hoogslag Georgette E. , Joyce Emer , Bax Jeroen J. , Ajmone Marsan Nina , Delgado Victoria 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundQuantitative three‐dimensional (3D) dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) for myocardial ischemia detection may be an adjuvant to left ventricular (LV) wall‐motion analysis. The aim of the current study was to assess the association between global 3D LV excursion during DSE and the presence of significant coronary artery disease (CAD) on coronary angiography.MethodsThree‐dimensional DSE was performed in 40 patients (67±12 years, 68% male) who underwent subsequent coronary angiography (median 1.6 months later). Using 3D echocardiography, global LV excursion was measured (in a total of 680 segments) at rest and peak dose and the change between stages was calculated (peak‐rest=∆global LV excursion). Significant CAD was defined as >70% stenosis on coronary angiography.ResultsIn total, 25 patients (63%) demonstrated significant CAD on coronary angiography. At rest, global LV excursion was similar in patients with and without significant CAD (5.1±0.2 vs 5.0±0.2 mm, P=.74). However, patients with significant CAD demonstrated a worsening in global LV excursion from rest to peak stress (from 5.1±0.2 to 4.1±0.2 mm, P<.001), while global LV excursion in patients without significant CAD remained unchanged (from 5.0±0.2 to 5.5±0.2 mm, P=.10). After adjusting for clinically relevant characteristics, ∆global LV excursion was independently associated with significant CAD (odds ratio 0.29, 95% confidence interval 0.12–0.72, P=.008).ConclusionsAnalysis of 3D echocardiographic LV excursion at global level on full‐protocol DSE may be a helpful tool to detect CAD on coronary angiography.
Calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase kinase β is neuroprotective in stroke in aged mice
Authors: Liu Lin , Yuan Hui , Denton Kyle , Li Xue‐jun , McCullough Louise , Li Jun 
Published: June 2016

AbstractStroke is a devastating neurological disease and the leading cause of long‐term disability, particularly in the elderly. Calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase kinase β (CaMKK β) is a major kinase activated by elevated levels of intracellular calcium. Our previous findings in young mice have suggested that CaMKK β is neuroprotective as KO mice had worse stroke outcomes. Because age is an important determinant of stroke outcome, we evaluated the functional role of CaMKK β in stroke in aged mice. We used middle cerebral artery occlusion to induce stroke in aged wild‐type (WT) and CaMKK β KO male mice. Lentiviral vectors carrying CaMKK β (LV‐CaMKK β) were used to overexpress CaMKK β in the mouse brain. Baseline levels of CaMKK β in the aged brain were significantly lower than those in young mice. LV‐CaMKK β treatment reduced infarcts and neurological deficits assessed 3 days after stroke. In chronic survival experiments, CaMKK β KO mice showed increased tissue loss in the ipsilateral hemisphere 3 weeks after stroke. In addition, KO mice showed poorer functional recovery during the 3‐week survival period, as measured by the rotarod test, corner test, locomotor activity assay, and novel object recognition test, compared with WT controls. The loss of blood–brain barrier proteins, inactivation of survival gene expression such as B‐cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‐2) and an increase in inflammatory cytokines in the serum were observed after stroke with CaMKK β inhibition. We demonstrate that CaMKK β is neuroprotective in stroke in aged mice. Therefore, our data suggest that CaMKK β may be a potential target for reducing long‐term disability after stroke.
Outcome of heparin‐treated patients with acute cerebral venous sinus thrombosis: influence of the temporal pattern of intracerebral haemorrhage
Authors: Busch M. A. , Hoffmann O. , Einhäupl K. M. , Masuhr F. 
Published: June 2016

Background and purposeThe influence of temporal patterns of intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) on the outcome of heparin‐treated patients with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) has not been examined systematically.MethodsTemporal patterns of ICH and their influence on survival without disability (modified Rankin Scale score ≤1 point) at hospital discharge were examined in 141 consecutive hospital‐admitted patients with acute CVST who were treated with intravenous unfractionated heparin.ResultsOf all 141 patients (median age 40 years; 73% women), 59 (42%) had ICH at the time of diagnosis (early ICH). Of these, seven (12%) subsequently had extension of ICH and 13 (22%) had additional ICHs at other locations (delayed ICH). Of 82 patients without early ICH, nine (11%) later had delayed ICH. After a median hospital stay of 26 days, 107 patients (76%) were discharged without disability. Patients with early ICH were less likely to survive without disability until discharge than those without early ICH [63% vs. 85%; risk ratio (RR) 0.73; P = 0.005]. The association was attenuated after adjusting for age, sex and impaired consciousness on admission (RR 0.83; P = 0.03). Taking temporal patterns of ICH into account, early ICH with subsequent complication (extension or delayed ICH) had a larger influence on survival without disability (RR 0.57; 95% confidence interval 0.35–0.95) than early ICH without complications (RR 0.78; 95% confidence interval 0.67–0.91).ConclusionsHeparin‐treated CVST patients were less likely to survive without disability when ICH was present on admission. This association may largely be driven by subsequent extension of haemorrhage or additionally occurring delayed haemorrhage.
Objective assessment of gait in xylazine‐induced ataxic horses
Authors: Nout‐Lomas Y.S. , Page K.M. , Kang H.G. , Aanstoos M.E. , Greene H.M. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryBackgroundThere is poor agreement between observers of equine neurological gait abnormalities using the modified Mayhew grading scale.ObjectivesTo stimulate a dose‐dependent ataxia in horses through xylazine administration and identify quantifiable relevant gait parameters.Study designBalanced, randomised, 2‐way crossover design.MethodsEight horses were assessed before and after administration of xylazine (low dose and high dose). Gait analyses performed before and after xylazine administration included: 1) kinematic data collected on an equine high‐speed treadmill (flat and 10% decline) and from accelerometers placed on head and sacrum; and 2) kinetic data collected on a force plate.ResultsAll horses developed dose‐dependent ataxia. Horses developed a dose‐dependent increased stride time, stride length, and time of contact (P<0.0001), and a decreased stride frequency (P<0.0002) after administration of xylazine. Although pelvic acceleration increased in the mediolateral direction (P<0.05) in horses walked on the treadmill, this movement decreased when walking over ground after administration of xylazine (P<0.05). Furthermore, centre of pressure and path length indices changed significantly in horses following administration of xylazine (P<0.05).Main limitationsThis study examined one breed of horse (Arabian), all of similar height and weight. Accelerometers were attached to skin, not bone; no correction was made for artefacts from skin displacement. The sedative drug effect is of certain duration, limiting the data collection period.ConclusionsAdministration of xylazine induced a dose‐dependent ataxia in horses and resulted in significant changes of gait parameters, pelvic accelerations, and stabilographic variables, some of which changed in a dose‐dependent fashion. Some of the altered gait parameters in this model were probably a result of overall slowing down of the stride cycle secondary to the sedative effect. Continued efforts to discover and evaluate quantifiable gait parameters that are susceptible to change following development of clinical neurological disease in horses is warranted.
Range geometry and socio‐economics dominate species‐level biases in occurrence information
Authors: Meyer Carsten , Jetz Walter , Guralnick Robert P. , Fritz Susanne A. , Kreft Holger 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimDespite the central role of species distributions in ecology and conservation, occurrence information remains geographically and taxonomically incomplete and biased. Efforts to address this problem, such as targeted data mobilization and advanced distribution modelling, all crucially rely on a solid understanding of the patterns and determinants of occurrence information. Numerous socio‐economic and ecological drivers of uneven record collection and mobilization among species have been suggested, but the generality of their effects remains untested. Here, we provide the first global analysis of patterns and drivers of species‐level variation in different metrics of occurrence information.LocationGlobal, including separate analyses for six zoogeographical realms.MethodsWe evaluated three alternative metrics of occurrence information: (1) the record count per species, (2) the coverage of a range with records and (3) the geographical bias in how the records represent different range parts. To this end, we developed scale‐independent metrics of range coverage and geographical record bias. We applied the three metrics to 2.8 million point‐occurrence records and extent‐of‐occurrence range maps of 3625 mammalian species. We used multi‐model inference to evaluate 13 putative drivers of species‐level variation in data availability.ResultsAll three metrics of occurrence information revealed severe species‐level biases. These data limitations were mainly linked to range size and shape, and the within‐range geography of socio‐economic conditions. Species attributes related to detection and collection probabilities, such as body size or diurnality, were remarkably weak predictors of record count and range coverage.Main conclusionsSpecies‐level biases in mobilized occurrence information hamper its broader application in basic and applied biodiversity research. To successfully account for these limitations, the site‐specific socio‐economic constraints to record collection and mobilization, rather than species‐specific constraints to detection, should be explicitly incorporated into ecological models. Furthermore, our results strongly suggest that range‐restricted species should be prioritized in future data mobilization efforts.
Association between sedentary time and kidney function in community‐dwelling elderly Japanese people
Authors: Lee Sungchul , Shimada Hiroyuki , Lee Sangyoon , Makizako Hyuma , Doi Takehiko , Harada Kazuhiro , Bae Seongryu , Harada Kenji , Hotta Ryo , Tsutsumimoto Kota , Yoshida Daisuke , Nakakubo Sho , Anan Yuya , Park Hyuntae , Suzuki Takao 
Published: June 2016

AimThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between sedentary time and declines in kidney function among community‐dwelling older adults.MethodsParticipants comprised 10 242 community‐dwelling older adults who were participating in the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology – Study of Geriatric Syndromes. Sedentary time was determined by asking participants to record the total amount of hours usually spent sitting each day, with values divided into quartiles of 0 to <4 h (reference), 4 to <6 h, 6 to <8 h and ≥8 h of sitting time per day. The estimated glomerular filtration rate was determined according to creatinine levels, and participants were classified into two categories: ≥60.0 or <60 mL/min/1.73 m2.ResultsAfter multivariate adjustment, the highest quartiles of sedentary time showed a higher rate of kidney function decline than those in the lowest quartile (odds ratio 1.42, 95% CI 1.02–1.37). In addition, participants with a history of cancer (odds ratio 1.18, 95% CI 1.01–1.39) or hypertension (odds ratio 1.38; 95% CI 1.07–1.60) had significantly increased risks of kidney function decline in the highest sedentary time group, regardless of multivariate control. Furthermore, analyses showed an increased risk of kidney function decline for a history of both cancer and hypertension (odds ratio 2.02, 95% CI 1.08–3.80).ConclusionsA higher level of sedentary time was associated with kidney function decline among community‐dwelling older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 730–736.
Oxidative stress and inflammation are associated with physical frailty in patients with Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Namioka Nayuta , Hanyu Haruo , Hirose Daisuke , Hatanaka Hirokuni , Sato Tomohiko , Shimizu Soichiro 
Published: June 2016

AimsDementia is closely connected with frailty, and these two conditions are common in older adults. However, the biological mechanism that causes frailty in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) is not fully understood. We determined whether oxidative stress and inflammatory mechanisms could be associated with physical frailty in patients with AD.MethodsWe studied 140 elderly outpatients with mild‐to‐moderate AD. Frailty status was determined according to the presence of the following five measurable characteristics: weight loss, exhaustion, low physical activity, slowness and weakness. We measured oxidative stress markers, including plasma levels of diacron reactive oxygen metabolite and biological anti‐oxidant potential, endogenous plasma anti‐oxidants, such as albumin, bilirubin and uric acid, and urinary 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG) and 8‐epiPGF2α (8‐isoprostane), and inflammatory markers, including interleukin‐6 and tumor necrosis factor‐α.ResultsAmong patients, 44 (31%) were non‐frail, 62 (44%) were prefrail and 34 (24%) were frail. Frail and prefrail patients were older, more likely to be women and had more comorbid medical conditions than non‐frail patients. Frail or prefrail patients showed significantly higher diacron reactive oxygen metabolite and lower biological anti‐oxidant potential levels, a significant decrease in bilirubin, a significant increase in urinary 8‐OHdG and 8‐isoprostane levels, and a significantly higher interleukin‐6 level, in contrast to non‐frail patients.ConclusionsPhysical frailty is common in old and female AD patients with comorbid medical diseases. The present results strongly suggest that oxidative stress and inflammation are involved in the pathophysiology of frailty status in individuals with AD. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 913–918.
Cyclophilin PpiB is involved in motility and biofilm formation via its functional association with certain proteins
Authors: Skagia Aggeliki , Zografou Chrysoula , Vezyri Eleni , Venieraki Anastasia , Katinakis Panagiotis , Dimou Maria 
Published: June 2016

PpiB belongs to the superfamily of peptidyl‐prolyl cis/trans isomerases (PPIases, EC: 5.2.1.8), which catalyze the rate‐limiting protein folding step at peptidyl‐prolyl bonds and control several biological processes. In this study, we show that PpiB acts as a negative effector of motility and biofilm formation ability of Escherichia coli. We identify multicopy suppressors of each ΔppiB phenotype among putative PpiB prey proteins which upon deletion are often characterized by analogous phenotypes. Many putative preys show similar gene expression in wild‐type and ΔppiB genetic backgrounds implying possible post‐translational modifications by PpiB. We further conducted in vivo and in vitro interaction screens to determine which of them represent true preys. For DnaK, acetyl‐CoA carboxylase, biotin carboxylase subunit (AccC) and phosphate acetyltransferase (Pta) we also showed a direct role of PpiB in the functional control of these proteins because it increased the measured enzyme activity of each protein and further interfered with DnaK localization and the correct folding of AccC. Taken together, these results indicate that PpiB is involved in diverse regulatory mechanisms to negatively modulate motility and biofilm formation via its functional association with certain protein substrates.