bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crystallomorphic diagnosis of medicinal plants and their adulterants
Authors: Munuswamy E. , Krishnan V. , Amerjothy S. , Sivashankari S. 
Published: January 2017

The global level revival of enthusiasm in the alternative system of therapy, especially the renewed trends towards the herbal based indigenous formulations, has landed in the execution of certain mandatory measures. Of several such precautionaries, detection and prevention of intentional adulteration, maintenance of quality control of the herbal drugs assume primary exigence. Botanical determination of the genuineness of the herbal drugs, beyond any doubt, is the primary step before subjecting the drugs for pharmaceutical evaluations. Several botanical techniques are accessible to authenticate the identity of the herbal drugs, and application of crystallomorphic divergence is a simple but effective strategy for checking the original drugs from their adulterants. Calcium Oxalate Crystals are accredited with the phenomeon of pleomorphism and the physical property of birefringence. Added to it, the crystal habits are restricted in distribution among the plants and sometimes, specific to certain Angiosperm taxa. Further, the crystals in plant cells are easy to detect microscopically, especially under polarized light. On these merits, the morphological dimensions of the crystals and their dynamics in relation to different plant groups offer a helping hand in herbal drugs standardization. The present paper highlights the crystallomorphic spectrum and gamut of variation of the crystal scenario among the medicinal plants. The major types of crystal include prismatic, spiny spheroids or the druses, smooth spheroides (polyhedrals), rosettes, styloids, solitary acicular, bundled acicular or raphides and sand or microcrystals. A new crystal type, namely, scalloped crystal has been recognised and added to the list. Citing specific crystal habits form the survey, a protocolic technique of application of crystallography in identification of important medicinal plants and detecting their adulterants is presented. The elite of those medicinal plants drawn from the list of renowned herbals used in ISMO are opted to illustrate the crystal specificity in relation to drug identity.
Knowledge and Attitude towards Smoking among University Students in Lahore
Authors: Ali Muhammad , Jahangir Maria , Khan Asaf , Faridullah . , Hameed Firdous 
Published: January 2017

Background: Smoking is the major health problem all over the world and now it’s become trend in university students to have smoking behavior because they believed that due to smoking they will be more acceptable in friends group. The most prevalence of smoking among university students is due to the attitude of students that it could enhance their personal attributes and make a positive change in their personality. The most provoking factor in the students to start smoking was the lack of knowledge regarding the harmful effect of smoking and also the students believed that smoking can reduce stress. Objective: To assess knowledge and attitude of university students towards smoking. Methodology: A cross sectional descriptive study design was used to assess the knowledge and attitude of university students towards smoking. Sample size of 222 students were taken from three departments of The University of Lahore, in which 80 students were from Nursing, 82 from Biotechnology(IMBB) and 60 physiotherapy students were included in this study. Results: Out of 222 students 32% were current smokers while 68% were nonsmokers, 70% students believed that Nicotine in Cigarette is not addictive to human, 83% of the respondents believed that smoking is a disgusting behavior and 85% of the respondents believed that smoking should be banned in Universities significant amount of students. Conclusion: there is strong link between the students’ attitude and smoking behavior and it is important for parents and teachers to supervise their student’s behavior. Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 4, Issue-1: 44-54
A Study on Connecting Customers through Presence of Regional Brands in Food Retailing
Authors: John S. Franklin , Ramakrishnan Sheeja 
Published: January 2017

The Indian retail industry is the fifth largest in the world. Comprising of organized and unorganized sectors, India retail industry is one of the fastest growing industries in India, especially over the last few years. Though initially, the retail industry in India was mostly unorganized, however with the change of tastes and preferences of the consumers, the industry is getting more popular these days and getting organized as well. With growing market demand, the industry is expected to grow at a pace of 25-30% annually. The India retail industry is expected to grow from Rs. 35,000 crore in 2004-05 to Rs. 109,000 crore by the year 2010. In 2007, the retail trade in India had a share of 8-10% in the GDP (Gross Domestic Product) of the country. The study examines the role of regional brands in connecting customers in food retailing. Private labels or store brands are on escalating journey for growth in last few years in Indian market. The growth of private label brands (PLBs) is quite impressive in food and grocery segment, in spite of presence of leading national manufacturers brands in most of the categories. Though, initially PLBs were considered as cheap alternatives and therefore visible in copycat and generic categories, today they are a part of well defined retail mix strategy, are developed in value innovators and premium categories for profit maximization and customer loyalty.Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 4, Issue-1: 55-59
Incidence of venous thromboembolism in care homes: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Apenteng Patricia N , Hobbs FD Richard , Roalfe Andrea , Muhammad Usman , Heneghan Carl , Fitzmaurice David 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundCare home residents have venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk profiles similar to medical inpatients; however, the epidemiology of VTE in care homes is unclear.AimTo determine the incidence of VTE in care homes.Design and settingObservational cohort study of 45 care homes in Birmingham and Oxford, UK.MethodA consecutive sample of care home residents was enrolled and followed up for 12 months. Data were collected via case note reviews of care home and GP records; mortality information was supplemented with Health and Social Care Information Centre (now called NHS Digital) cause of death data. All potential VTE events were adjudicated by an independent committee according to three measures of diagnostic certainty: definite VTE (radiological evidence), probable VTE (high clinical indication but no radiological evidence), or possible VTE (VTE cannot be ruled out). (Study registration number: ISTCTN80889792.)ResultsThere were 1011 participants enrolled, and the mean follow-up period was 312 days (standard deviation 98 days). The incidence rate was 0.71 per 100 person years of observation (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.26 to 1.54) for definite VTE, 0.83 per 100 person years (95% CI = 0.33 to 1.70) for definite and probable VTE, and 2.48 per 100 person years (95% CI = 1.53 to 3.79) for definite, probable, and possible VTE.ConclusionThe incidence of VTE in care homes in this study (0.71–2.48 per 100 person years) is substantial compared with that in the community (0.117 per 100 person years) and in people aged ≥70 years (0.44 per 100 person years). Further research regarding risk stratification and VTE prophylaxis in this population is needed.
Kinetic Modeling of Incremental Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis Exchanges
Authors: Guest Steven , Leypoldt John K. , Cassin Michelle , Schreiber Martin 
Published: January 2017

Background Incremental peritoneal dialysis (PD), the gradual introduction of dialysate exchanges at less than full-dose therapy, has been infrequently described in clinical reports. One concern with less than full-dose dialysis is whether urea clearance targets are achievable with an incremental regimen. In this report, we used a large database of PD patients, across all membrane transport types, and performed urea kinetic modeling determinations of possible incremental regimens for an individual membrane type. Methods Using a modified 3-pore model of peritoneal transport, various incremental manual continuous ambulatory PD (CAPD) exchanges employing glucose and/or icodextrin were evaluated. Peritoneal urea clearances from those simulations were added to residual kidney urea clearance for patients with various glomerular filtration rates (GFRs), and the total weekly urea clearance was then compared to the total weekly urea Kt/V target of 1.7. All 4 peritoneal membrane types were modeled. For each simulated prescription, net ultrafiltration and carbohydrate absorption were also calculated. Results Incremental CAPD regimens of 2 exchanges a day met adequacy targets if the GFR was 6 mL/min/1.73 m2 in all membrane types. For regimens employing 3 exchanges a day, Kt/V targets were achieved at GFR levels of 4 to 5 mL/min/1.73 m2 in high transporters to low transporters but higher tonicity 2.5% glucose solutions or icodextrin were required in some regimens. Conclusions This work demonstrates that with incremental CAPD regimens, urea kinetic targets are achievable in most new starts to PD with residual kidney function. Incremental PD may be a less intrusive, better accepted initial treatment regime and a cost-effective way to initiate chronic dialysis in the incident patient. The key role of intrinsic kidney function in incremental regimens is highlighted in this analysis and would warrant conscientious monitoring.
Hard X-Ray Emission from Partially Occulted Solar Flares: RHESSI Observations in Two Solar Cycles
Authors: Effenberger Frederic , Costa Fatima Rubio da , Oka Mitsuo , Saint-Hilaire Pascal , Liu Wei , Petrosian Vahé , Glesener Lindsay , Krucker Säm 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Flares close to the solar limb, where the footpoints are occulted, can reveal the spectrum and structure of the coronal looptop source in X-rays. We aim at studying the properties of the corresponding energetic electrons near their acceleration site, without footpoint contamination. To this end, a statistical study of partially occulted flares observed with Reuven Ramaty High-Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager is presented here, covering a large part of solar cycles 23 and 24. We perform detailed spectra, imaging, and light curve analyses for 116 flares and include contextual observations from SDO and STEREO when available, providing further insights into flare emission that were previously not accessible. We find that most spectra are fitted well with a thermal component plus a broken power-law, non-thermal component. A thin-target kappa distribution model gives satisfactory fits after the addition of a thermal component. X-ray imaging reveals small spatial separation between the thermal and non-thermal components, except for a few flares with a richer coronal source structure. A comprehensive light curve analysis shows a very good correlation between the derivative of the soft X-ray flux (from GOES) and the hard X-rays for a substantial number of flares, indicative of the Neupert effect. The results confirm that non-thermal particles are accelerated in the corona and estimated timescales support the validity of a thin-target scenario with similar magnitudes of thermal and non-thermal energy fluxes.
CROSS-CORRELATING THE γ-RAY SKY WITH CATALOGS OF GALAXY CLUSTERS
Authors: Branchini Enzo , Camera Stefano , Cuoco Alessandro , Fornengo Nicolao , Regis Marco , Viel Matteo , Xia Jun-Qing 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
We report the detection of a cross-correlation signal between Fermi Large Area Telescope diffuse γ-ray maps and catalogs of clusters. In our analysis, we considered three different catalogs: WHL12, redMaPPer, and PlanckSZ. They all show a positive correlation with different amplitudes, related to the average mass of the objects in each catalog, which also sets the catalog bias. The signal detection is confirmed by the results of a stacking analysis. The cross-correlation signal extends to rather large angular scales, around 1°, that correspond, at the typical redshift of the clusters in these catalogs, to a few to tens of megaparsecs, i.e., the typical scale-length of the large-scale structures in the universe. Most likely this signal is contributed by the cumulative emission from active galactic nuclei (AGNs) associated with the filamentary structures that converge toward the high peaks of the matter density field in which galaxy clusters reside. In addition, our analysis reveals the presence of a second component, more compact in size and compatible with a point-like emission from within individual clusters. At present, we cannot distinguish between the two most likely interpretations for such a signal, i.e., whether it is produced by AGNs inside clusters or if it is a diffuse γ-ray emission from the intracluster medium. We argue that this latter, intriguing, hypothesis might be tested by applying this technique to a low-redshift large-mass cluster sample.
CT&I e desenvolvimento desigual no Brasil: é possível outro “modelo de desenvolvimento”?
Authors: Theis Ivo Marcos , Strelow Daniel Rodrigo , Lasta Tatiane Thaís 
Published: January 2017

O território brasileiro é marcado por desigualdades. Para promover a sua redução, o discurso dominante sugere maiores incentivos em Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação [CT&I]. O objetivo deste artigo é examinar a relação entre os investimentos em CT&I e suas repercussões no território brasileiro, especificamente, quanto à diminuição das desigualdades socioeconômicas e das disparidades inter-regionais. Temporalmente, considerou-se o período recente (2000 a 2013). Geograficamente, usou-se o recorte das macrorregiões brasileiras. Mobilizaram-se indicadores socioeconômicos e dados sobre investimentos em CT&I. Os resultados evidenciam que as políticas de CT&I não vêm contribuindo para a diminuição das desigualdades socioeconômicas e disparidades regionais. A persistência dessas últimas acaba consolidando uma paisagem marcada pelo desenvolvimento geográfico desigual, alimentado por processos históricos de acumulação de capital. Em vista disso, sugere-se outro modelo de desenvolvimento, mais democrático, feito para e com as pessoas, baseado noutra matriz de CT&I, em que a tecnologia social deverá ganhar maior relevância.
Ensino de aspectos da climatologia aplicados à engenharia ambiental apoiado por métodos estatísticos
Authors: Penereiro Júlio César , Ferreira Denise Helena Lombardo 
Published: January 2017

Este trabalho apresenta uma pesquisa desenvolvida a partir de um projeto envolvendo estudantes de graduação em engenharia. A abordagem utilizada foi o tratamento de dados reais da área ambiental, empregando conteúdos estatísticos e recursos da informática visando a identificação de possíveis tendências nos índices de temperaturas do ar e de precipitações pluviométricas de alguns municípios do Estado de São Paulo. Foram usadas as informações contidas no Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia visando o tratamento de dados no contexto climático abordando conteúdos estatísticos. Aplicaram-se análises de regressão e os testes não paramétricos de Mann-Kendall e de Pettitt. Os resultados confirmam que quatorze temperaturas analisadas acusaram ocorrências de tendências positivas e para apenas uma encontrou-se tendência negativa. Somente uma localidade apresentou diminuição no índice de precipitação pluviométrica. Nas demais cidades analisadas não foram verificadas indícios de tendências dessas variáveis climáticas. No decorrer da pesquisa suscitaram várias questões a respeito dos conteúdos utilizados, implicando em interpretações relacionadas aos métodos estatísticos usados. Os resultados, em termos de aprendizagem, apontaram um ganho de conhecimento com relação aos conteúdos estatísticos desenvolvidos, indicando que os estudantes envolvidos ficaram mais motivados ao usarem a Estatística em uma situação da atualidade.
Problems and Prospects of Millennium Development Goals in Ghana
Authors: Olasupo Olusola , Plaatjie S. R. 
Published: January 2017

Ghana, like other developing nations, was not left behind in embracing the eight time-bound Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in September 2000. The millennium development goals aimed towards peace and good standards of living have been faced with series of problems in its attainment in Ghana. These problems have undermined the extent to which Ghana could achieve the MDGs. The study adopting qualitative research method shows that Ghana is faced with difficulty in achieving these eight millennium development goals in certain portions of the nation most especially in the rural communities due to lack of infrastructure. The study therefore recommends that Ghana should focus more on improving the standard of living of the rural dwellers by increasing the public services in the area. The need for Ghana to focus more on solving these problems is strategic for a better result in this new era of Sustainable Development Goals.
Injectivity of Generalized Wronski Maps
Authors: Huang Yanhe , Sottile Frank , Zelenko Igor 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe study linear projections on Plücker space whose restriction to the Grassmannian is a non-trivial branched cover. When an automorphism of the Grassmannian preserves the fibers, we show that the Grassmannian is necessarily ofm-dimensional linear subspaces in a symplectic vector space of dimension 2m, and the linear map is the Lagrangian involution. The Wronski map for a self-adjoint linear diòerential operator and the pole placement map for symmetric linear systems are natural examples.
Stability and Unstability of the Standing Wave to Euler Equations
Authors: Tang Xiuli , Wang Xiuqing , Yang Ganshan 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we first discuss the well-posedness of linearizing equations, and then study the stability and unstability of the 3-D compressible Euler Equation, by analysing the existence of saddle point. In addition, we give the existence of local solutions of the compressible Euler equation.
Turnover of microbial groups and cell components in soil: 13C analysis of cellular biomarkers
Authors: Gunina Anna , Dippold Michaela , Glaser Bruno , Kuzyakov Yakov 
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Microorganisms regulate the carbon (C) cycle in soil, controlling the utilization and recycling of organic substances. To reveal the contribution of particular microbial groups to C utilization and turnover within the microbial cells, the fate of 13C-labelled glucose was studied under field conditions. Glucose-derived 13C was traced in cytosol, amino sugars and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) pools at intervals of 3, 10 and 50 days after glucose addition into the soil. 13C enrichment in PLFAs ( ∼  1.5 % of PLFA C at day 3) was an order of magnitude greater than in cytosol, showing the importance of cell membranes for initial C utilization. The 13C enrichment in amino sugars of living microorganisms at day 3 accounted for 0.57 % of total C pool; as a result, we infer that the replacement of C in cell wall components is 3 times slower than that of cell membranes. The C turnover time in the cytosol (150 days) was 3 times longer than in PLFAs (47 days). Consequently, even though the cytosol pool has the fastest processing rates compared to other cellular compartments, intensive recycling of components here leads to a long C turnover time. Both PLFA and amino-sugar profiles indicated that bacteria dominated in glucose utilization. 13C enrichment decreased with time for bacterial cell membrane components, but it remained constant or even increased for filamentous microorganisms. 13C enrichment of muramic acid was the 3.5 times greater than for galactosamine, showing a more rapid turnover of bacterial cell wall components compared to fungal. Thus, bacteria utilize a greater proportion of low-molecular-weight organic substances, whereas filamentous microorganisms are responsible for further C transformations. Thus, tracing 13C in cellular compounds with contrasting turnover rates elucidated the role of microbial groups and their cellular compartments in C utilization and recycling in soil. The results also reflect that microbial C turnover is not restricted to the death or growth of new cells. Indeed, even within living cells, highly polymeric cell compounds are constantly replaced and renewed. This is especially important for assessing C fluxes in soil and the contribution of C from microbial residues to soil organic matter.
Developing a Simulated-Person Methodology Workshop: An Experiential Education Initiative for Educators and Simulators
Authors: Peisachovich Eva Hava , Nelles LJ , Johnson Samantha , Nicholson Laura , Gal Raya , Kerr Barbara , Popovic Celia , Epstein Iris , Silva Celina Da 
Published: January 2017

Numerous forecasts suggest that professional-competence development depends on human encounters. Interaction between organizations, tasks, and individual providers influence human behaviour, affect organizations’ or systems’ performance, and are a key component of professional-competence development. Further, insufficient or ineffective communication between professionals is deemed a contributing factor to adverse events worldwide. This underscores the need to provide educators with the tools and education to embed methods in their teaching that will enable learners to effectively intervene in highly charged interpersonal situations and high-risk scenarios; these concerns highlight the value of realistic simulated-experiential approaches, such as the one proposed in this project. The first phase of this project involved conducting a three-day experiential workshop developed at a Canadian university to provide educators with knowledge and skills to work and effectively utilize simulators, enhancing pedagogical classroom practices for teaching undergraduate learners. This workshop’s development resulted in numerous benefits. Participation in the workshop provided educators with opportunities for meaningful reflection on their teaching practice and the ability to apply this insight to optimize student learning. It provided theatre students, recruited as simulators as part of this interdisciplinary initiative, to expand their experiences and this will lead to an expanded practicum course for their program. There is now a group of simulators available to educators across the university to include in classroom activities, and lastly there are further iterations of this workshop available for faculty development. This paper reflects on the workshop experiences and the feedback obtained from the participants. Formal and informal feedback obtained provides an understanding of the participants’ experiences.
Solving a Mixed Problem with Almost Regular Boundary Condition By the Contour Integral Method
Authors: Aleskerova S. T. 
Published: January 2017

In the paper, a mixed problem for $\lambda $-complex parameter dependent, fourth order partial equation is considered. The estimations for the Green function for the eigenvalues of the considered problem outside of $\delta $ were obtained within the regular boundary condition. The solution of the mixed problem was given in the contour integral form.
ALFARO-LEFREVE, Rosalinda. E-Study Guide for: Applying Nursing Process: A Tool for Critical Thinking. Cram101 Textbook Reviews, 2014. 66p.
Authors: Carvalho Diana Paula de Souza Rego Pinto , Lima Jéssica Valeska Herculano , Rego Anna Larissa de Castro , Câmara Priscila Fernandes Meireles , Azevedo Isabelle Campos de , Ferreira Júnior Marcos Antonio 
Published: January 2017

Lançado em 2014 pela editora Cram101 Textbook Reviews, o E-Study Guide for: Applying Nursing Process: A tool for Critical Thinking é um guia de estudo eletrônico, disponível apenas no idioma inglês no formato e-book, que descreve termos conhecidos pelos profissionais da área de enfermagem de uma forma didática, além de oferecer testes práticos ao final de cada capítulo. A obra em questão obteve destaque por facilitar o entendimento de conteúdos difíceis e no auxilio a estudantes, enfermeiros, professores e gestores no desenvolvimento do pensamento crítico, crescimento profissional e processo de enfermagem.