bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synergistic effect of magnetic particles and secondary carbon‐based filling materials on the properties of natural rubber/butadiene rubber magnetorheological elastomers
Authors: Liang Ce , Zhou Hongyu , Zhu Yanchao , Gao Shuang , Cheng Min 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis article investigates the impact of magnetic particle content and various secondary carbon‐based filling materials on the mechanical properties, microstructure, magnetism, and viscoelasticity of magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) derived from natural rubber (NR) and butadiene rubber (BR). MREs composites with different formulations were prepared by using NR/BR blend (abbreviated as NB) as matrix and introducing carbonyl iron powder (CIP), few‐layer graphene (FLG), and carbon nanotube (CNT) as reinforcing fillers. The compressive mechanical properties, magnetorheological effect (MR Effect) and stress relaxation behavior of MREs under magnetic field were analyzed through microstructure characterization and macroscopic properties testing. The experimental results show that compared with the samples added CIP, FLG, and CNT, NB‐60CIP‐FLG has the best performance, which significantly improves the tensile mechanical properties, the stress of 300% set elongation is increased by 336.3%, the compressive properties are significantly increased by 92.7%. The performance of the NB‐60CIP‐CNT is also excellent, its 300% set elongation stress increased by 323.4%, in addition, its compression performance significantly improved by 79.2%. After the addition of the magnetic field, MR effect and magnetic response performance of the NB‐60CIP‐CNT sample were improved by 75.2% and 6.3%, while the MR effect and magnetic response performance of the NB‐60CIP‐FLG sample were improved by 49.9% and 18.8% compared with NB‐60CIP. In addition, the damping performance of secondary carbon‐based filling materials on MREs is also improved. This article discusses the influence of CIP content, filler type, and magnetic field intensity on the performance of MREs, highlighting its considerable importance for practical applications in production.Highlights
MREs composites were prepared by using NR/BR blend as matrix.
Carbonyl iron powder and graphene were used as reinforcing fillers.
The carbon‐based fillers has improved the mechanical properties of MREs.
The magnetic field has a significant effect on the performance of MREs.
pH‐responsive bionanocomposite pectin grafted with dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate and acrylic acid copolymer along with silver nanoparticles for breast cancer drug delivery
Authors: Hashem M. S. , Sobh Rokaya A. , Abd El‐Ghaffar M. A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this study, we developed a pH‐responsive hydrogel membrane composed of pectin, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA), and acrylic acid (AA) through a free radical‐triggered graft copolymerization method. Freshly formed silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) produced from the reduction reaction were embedded in the produced hydrogel. Pectin‐grafted dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate and acrylic acid copolymer [poly (DMAEMA‐co‐AA)‐g‐pectin] and its bionanocomposite with AgNPs were confirmed by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The swelling behavior of poly (DMAEMA‐co‐AA)‐g‐pectin in solutions with diverse pH values was assessed. For use as a controlled drug delivery agent, the hydrogel was loaded with 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU). The incorporation of AgNPs had a great impact on the entrapment efficiency of 5‐FU. At pH 7.4, nearly 48% of the 5‐FU was released in vitro from the polymeric nanocomposite within 24 h. Moreover, poly (DMAEMA‐co‐AA)‐g‐pectin and poly (DMAEMA‐co‐AA)‐g‐pectin/AgNPs presented high cytocompatibility toward normal skin fibroblast cells (BJ1), and the drug delivery system strongly inhibited human Caucasian breast adenocarcinoma cells (MCF‐7). These results demonstrated that these poly (DMAEMA‐co‐AA)‐g‐pectin/AgNPs are an excellent candidate for use in anticancer drug delivery systems.Highlights
Free radical polymerization of nanocomposites incorporated with nanoparticles.
Nanoparticles improve the bionanocomposites' drug loading.
The developed bionanocomposites exhibit control drug release.
The novel bionanocomposites acts as an excellent anticancer drug carrier.
China's provincial optimum population sizes under SSP‐RCP scenarios
Authors: Huang Xinyan , He Xiangqi , Gu Gaoxiang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractClimate change poses new challenges to achieving a balanced population distribution. Predicting the impact of development patterns using climate change scenarios can offer more precise insights into environmental and social risks. By adopting the possibility–satisfiability (P–S) model, this study investigates the optimum population sizes for the 31 provincial districts of China by 2035 and 2050 under seven shared socioeconomic pathway‐representative concentration pathway (SSP‐RCP) scenarios. Results indicate that under SSP2‐4.5 scenario, which maintains current development patterns, the optimum human population (OHP) ranges from 985 million to 717 million in 2035 and from 902 million to 623 million by 2050 at different P–S values, respectively. The SSP1‐1.9 and SSP1‐2.6 scenarios offer promising prospects by carrying the largest optimum population size. Therefore, China's future development depends on choosing a sustainable path that prioritizes the growth of the OHP. The optimum population sizes of provinces under unbalanced development routes SSP4‐3.4 and SSP4‐6.0 scenarios are mainly limited by economic development, while those of the regional competition route SSP3‐7.0 scenario are limited by both economic and climatic pressures. Under the fossil fuel route SSP5‐8.5 scenario, climate deterioration imposes severe constraints on optimum population size. The optimum population scales of the eastern coastal area with high urbanization levels and the northwest area with harsh environments are subject to natural conditions. In addition, the central and western regions encounter population size limitations due to insufficient economic development. Notably, China's population distribution remains concentrated in the east and sparse in the west, flanking the Hu Huanyong Line (Hu Line), with minimal expected changes in the future. By studying the spatial distribution of the optimum population under different SSP‐RCP scenarios, this study provides theoretical support for government decision‐making in the context of future climate change.
Computational Investigation of the Ru‐Mediated Preparation of Benzothiazoles From N‐Arylthioureas: Elucidation of the Reaction Mechanism and the Origin of Differing Substrate Reactivity
Authors: Krawmanee Pacharaporn , Gleeson M. Paul , Gleeson Duangkamol 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTSynthesis of novel benzothiazoles via intramolecular CS bond formation reactions is increasingly being explored since they have been found in a wide range of natural products and pharmaceutical agents. Sharma et al. reported the ruthenium‐catalyzed preparation of novel benzothiazole derivatives from N‐arylthiourea precursors, with a range of reaction yields and selectivity being observed. We have employed a density functional theory‐based computational model to investigate the reaction mechanism leading to the benzothiazole product and help uncover the origin of the differing experimental yields and substrate specificities. We proposed a modified mechanistic scheme where the rate‐determining step to be the synchronized breaking of the peroxide bond of the oxidizing agent with the concomitant proton‐coupled electron transfer from the haloarene urea and a Ru‐bound water molecule, not electrophilic RuC bond activation. Evidence for this being the rate‐determining step is (a) the barrier is consistent with a lack of kinetic isotope effects associated with the ortho‐H atom and (b) the computed rate‐determining barriers for 10 N‐arylthiourea substrates show good correlation with the observed yield.
The Utility of Adventitious Carbon for Charge Correction: A Perspective From a Second Multiuser Facility
Authors: Morgan David J. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTIn relation to debates in the recent literature on the utility and robustness of adventitious carbon for charge correction of X‐ray photoelectron spectra, the present work explores its application using 5 years' worth of data collected by the author. The data overwhelmingly show that regardless of spectrometer or charge compensation method, and but for a few exceptions where a secondary reference is preferrable, a C 1s value of 284.8 eV is suitable for electronically isolated samples.
Suicidality, perceived chronic stress, and stress‐induced cortisol changes of individuals with schizophrenia
Authors: Yin Yi , Tong Jinghui , Huang Junchao , Tian Baopeng , Chen Song , Tan Shuping , Wang Zhiren , Tong Yongsheng , Fan Fengmei , Kochunov Peter , Hong L. Elliot , Tan Yunlong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe associations of suicidality with stress are poorly studied in schizophrenia. The study aimed to determine whether suicidality was correlated with perceived chronic stress and the cortisol fluctuations under stress tasks in schizophrenia. High suicidality was defined as a lifetime history of suicide attempts or suicidal ideation in the past 2 weeks. Individuals with schizophrenia and high suicidality (SZ‐HS, n = 59), with low suicidality (SZ‐LS, n = 207), and healthy controls (HC, n = 196) finished the Perceived Stress Scale. Then, they participated in an experiment that induced stress using the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task and the Mirror Tracing Persistence Task. Negative affect was measured at baseline and after finishing each task. The salivary cortisol was collected before‐, after 20 min, and after 40 min of the tasks. SZ‐HS had elevated perceived stress than SZ‐LS and HC. Mixed effect models showed that stress tasks induced cortisol changes in all groups; cortisol of SZ‐LS was reduced more than HC, but SZ‐HS and SZ‐LS did not differ in cortisol fluctuations. SZ‐HS and SZ‐LS experienced similar negative affect changes during tasks and the difference in withdrawal rates was nonsignificant. SZ‐HS had an increased error rate than SZ‐LS. In conclusion, suicidality was correlated with high‐level perceived stress but did not result in differences in cortisol reactivities under stress tasks. It suggests the inconsistency between appraisal of stress and biological stress system disturbance among SZ‐HS compared to SZ‐LS.
Interfacial Dipole Engineering for Energy Level Alignment in NiOx‐Based Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Xu Shuai‐Hao , Xu Jin‐Zhe , Tang Ying‐Bo , Liu Wei‐Zhi , Meng Shu‐Guang , Zhou Dong‐Ying , Liao Liang‐Sheng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe solution‐derived non‐stoichiometric nickel oxide (NiOx) is a promising hole‐injecting material for stable quantum dot light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs). However, the carrier imbalance due to the misalignment of energy levels between the NiOx and polymeric hole‐transporting layers (HTLs) curtails the device efficiency. In this study, the modification of the NiOx surface is investigated using either 3‐cyanobenzoic acid (3‐CN‐BA) or 4‐cyanobenzoic acid (4‐CN‐BA) in the QLED fabrication. Morphological and electrical analyses revealed that both 4‐CN‐BA and 3‐CN‐BA can enhance the work function of NiOx, reduce the oxygen vacancies on the NiOx surface, and facilitate a uniform morphology for subsequent HTL layers. Moreover, it is found that the binding configurations of dipole molecules as a function of the substitution position of the tail group significantly impact the work function of underlying layers. When integrated in QLEDs, the modification layers resulted in a significant improvement in the electroluminescent efficiency due to the enhancement of energy level alignment and charge balance within the devices. Specifically, QLEDs incorporating 4‐CN‐BA achieved a champion external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 20.34%, which is a 1.8X improvement in comparison with that of the devices utilizing unmodified NiOx (7.28%). Moreover, QLEDs with 4‐CN‐BA and 3‐CN‐BA modifications exhibited prolonged operational lifetimes, indicating potential for practical applications.
Optimizing Energy Solutions: Mott–Schottky Engineered 1D/3D CoWO4(OH)2·H2O/MoS2 Heterostructure for Advanced Energy Storage and Conversion Application
Authors: Kizhepat Shamsa , Rasal Akash S. , Chodankar Nilesh R. , Demissie Girum Getachew , Dwivedi Kavya Arun , Dirersa Worku Batu , Chiang Chia‐Ying , Chang Jia‐Yaw 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHeterostructure engineering offers a powerful approach to creating innovative electrocatalysts. By combining different materials, it can achieve synergistic effects that enhance both charge storage and electrocatalytic activity. In this work, it is capitalized on this concept by designing a 1D/3D CoWO4(OH)2·H2O/molybdenum disulfide (CTH/MoS2) heterostructure. It is achieved this by in situ depositing 3D MoS2 nanoflowers on 1D CTH nanorods. To explore the impact of precursor choice, various sulfur (S) sources is investigated. Interestingly, the S precursor influenced the dimensionality of the MoS2 component. For example, L‐cysteine (L‐cys), and glutathione (GSH) resulted in 0D morphologies, thiourea (TU) led to a 2D structure, and thioacetamide (TAA) yielded a desirable 3D architecture. Notably, the 1D/3D CTH/MoS2‐TAA heterostructure exhibited exceptional performance in both supercapacitors (SCs) and quantum dot‐sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs). This achievement can be attributed to several factors: the synergetic effect between 1D CTH and 3D MoS2, improved accessibility due to the multi‐dimensional structure, and a tailored electronic structure facilitated by the Mott–Schottky (M–S) interaction arising from the different material Fermi levels. This interaction further enhances conductivity, ultimately leading to the observed high specific capacity in SCs (154.44 mAh g−1 at 3 mA cm−2) and remarkable photovoltaic efficiency in QDSSCs (6.48%).
Abdominal hydropoint sign in pneumoperitoneum diagnosis
Authors: Cheong Issac , Tamagnone Francisco Marcelo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEarly and accurate detection of pneumoperitoneum is crucial for effective patient management. We present the case of a 49‐year‐old patient with no pertinent medical history who fell from a height of 5 m, resulting in pelvic and abdominal trauma requiring surgical intervention. Due to fever, ultrasound assessment revealed an anechoic image consistent with free fluid, along with reverberating artifacts originating from the peritoneal line, suggesting pneumoperitoneum. In this case, we describe an ultrasonographic dynamic sign termed the “abdominal hydropoint sign,” observed during point‐of‐care ultrasound, which can aid in diagnosing pneumoperitoneum within the clinical context.
A novel vulnerability measure based on complex network communities
Authors: Jouyban Morteza , Hosseini Soodeh 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis article introduces a novel vulnerability measure, based on the structure of complex network communities, to assess the significance and security of network communities, influencing complex network security, connectivity, and the prevention of cascading failures. Initially, the spectral clustering algorithm is applied to identify the communities of complex networks. Determining the appropriate number of communities is crucial in the proposed vulnerability measure and security approach. The number of communities is estimated based on the characteristics of the normalized Laplace matrix within the algorithm. Subsequently, leveraging the community structure, a vulnerability measure is proposed for community evaluation by considering three aspects of internal criteria, external criteria and node location criterion. Weight parameters are also incorporated to customize the measure according to the importance of each factor in varying security scenarios. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed vulnerability measure as a security strategy is evaluated on ten real‐world complex networks from different categories. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed measure in assessing community vulnerability and consequently using appropriate maps and policies for the complex network security.
Continual learning and its industrial applications: A selective review
Authors: Lian J. , Choi K. , Veeramani B. , Hu A. , Murli S. , Freeman L. , Bowen E. , Deng X. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn many industrial applications, datasets are often obtained in a sequence associated with a series of similar but different tasks. To model these datasets, a machine‐learning algorithm, which performed well on the previous task, may not have as strong a performance on the current task. When the architecture of the algorithm is trained to adapt to new tasks, often the whole architecture needs to be revised and the old knowledge of modeling can be forgotten. Efforts to make the algorithm work for all the relevant tasks can cost large computational resources and data storage. Continual learning, also called lifelong learning or continual lifelong learning, refers to the concept that these algorithms have the ability to continually learn without forgetting the information obtained from previous task. In this work, we provide a broad view of continual learning techniques and their industrial applications. Our focus will be on reviewing the current methodologies and existing applications, and identifying a gap between the current methodology and the modern industrial needs.This article is categorized under:
Technologies > Artificial Intelligence
Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Knowledge Representation
Application Areas > Business and Industry
Small Molecule Activation by 4‐N,N‐Dimethylaminopyridine‐Stabilized Bis(silyl)germylenes
Authors: Weng Tobias , Fujimori Shiori , Stigler Sebastian , Bock Balasai M.‐T. , Inoue Shigeyoshi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe synthesis, characterization, and reactivity of DMAP⋅Ge(SitBu3)Si(TMS)3 1 a and DMAP⋅Ge[Si(TMS)3]2 1 b are reported (DMAP = 4‐N,N‐Dimethylaminopyridine). These germylenes were isolated in moderate yields by the reaction of DMAP⋅GeCl2 with NaSitBu3⋅(THF)2 and KSi(TMS)3⋅(THF)1.2 or 2 equivalents of KSi(TMS)3⋅(THF)1.2, respectively, at low temperature (TMS = Trimethylsilyl). Exposure of 1 a to dihydrogen forms the tetravalent germanium hydride species GeH2(SitBu3)Si(TMS)3 2 a. Additionally, the reactivity of 1 a,b towards the substitution of 2,6‐dimethylphenyl isocyanide (CNXyl) 3 a,b, the alkyne cycloaddition of diphenylacetylene (PhCCPh) 4 a,b, and the substitution of DMAP for NHC using 1,3,4,5‐tetramethylimidazol‐2‐ylidene (IMe4) 5 a,b was investigated (NHC = N‐heterocyclic carbene). Reaction products were characterized by multinuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared (IR) spectroscopy, mass spectrometric analysis, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (SC‐XRD) study.
Kompass – Zeit & Vertrauen
Authors: Hellert Ulrike , Mander Rebekka , Hampel Gaby , Krüger Lisa 
Published: September 2024

ZusammenfassungIn dem Beitrag wird der Kompass – Zeit & Vertrauen ein Handbuch zur Gestaltung virtueller Teamarbeit dargestellt. Der Begriff Kompass steht für Orientierung und Kontrolle und führt durch die verschiedenen Anwendungstools. Führungskräfte und Mitglieder agiler Teams sollten die verschiedenen Leitfäden, Checklisten und Empfehlungen gemeinsam nutzen, um ihre Teamarbeit weiterzuentwickeln. Der Kompass – Zeit & Vertrauen besteht aus insgesamt elf Instrumenten, die flexibel einsetzbar sind. Sie enthalten nicht „die eine Musterlösung“, sondern zeigen Möglichkeiten auf und sollen durch verschiedene Anregungen inspirieren. Damit bieten sie Ansatzpunkte für die Entwicklung von Zeitkompetenz und Vertrauen im Kontext virtueller Zusammenarbeit. In dem Beitrag werden zunächst wichtige theoretische Grundlagen zur Zeitkompetenz sowie zum Vertrauen vorgestellt. Insbesondere werden aktuelle Herausforderungen wie Zeitdruck, hohe Flexibilität und Informationsflut thematisiert und unter dem Aspekt des Vertrauens in die virtuelle Arbeitswelt eingeordnet. Anschließend werden relevante Instrumente erläutert, die je nach Bedürfnislage und Intention verschiedene Perspektiven und Anknüpfungspunkte aufzeigen. Hierfür wurde der „KompassGuide“ entwickelt, der eine ideale Orientierung ermöglicht und mit seinen einzelnen Bausteinen vorgestellt wird. Im Anschluss stellt ein Unternehmen praxisnah die Entstehung und Anwendung verschiedener Tools in einem konkreten Praxisbeispiel dar. Abschließend werden die vorliegenden Forschungsergebnisse zum Einsatz der Instrumente dargestellt.
Twist analysis of the spin-orbit correlation in QCD
Authors: Hatta Yoshitaka , Schoenleber Jakob 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We present a QCD analysis of the twist-three parton distribution functions associated with the spin-orbit correlation of quarks and gluons in spin-$$ \frac{1}{2} $$

1
2

and spin-0 hadrons. We derive exact non-perturbative identities decomposing the spin-orbit correlations into the Wandzura-Wilczek part and the genuine twist-three part. In the spin-$$ \frac{1}{2} $$

1
2

case, the result is partially related to the kinematical twist-three part of the gT (x) distribution familiar in the context of transverse spin physics. We use these identities to obtain a novel longitudinal momentum sum rule which may be regarded as the momentum version of the Jaffe-Manohar spin sum rule. We explore the physical interpretation of the sum rule and make a connection to the color Lorentz forces and their associated potential energies.
Medizinischer Kinderschutz zwischen Elternrecht, Selbstbestimmungsrecht und Schutzverantwortung. Teil 2 – praktische Handlungsoptionen
Authors: Kliemann Andrea , Winter Sibylle M. , Fegert Jörg M. , Berthold Oliver 
Published: September 2024

ZusammenfassungIm zweiten Teil des Beitrages werden die rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen aus dem 1. Teil auf Fallbeispiele angewandt und diskutiert.
Trenddroge Lachgas (Distickstoffmonoxid, N2O) und die Abhängigkeitskriterien nach ICD-10
Authors: Diesing Dominik , Neu Peter 
Published: September 2024

Zusammenfassung
Fragestellung
Die steigende Beliebtheit von Lachgas (Distickstoffmonoxid, N2O) als Freizeitdroge wirft Fragen nach seinem Abhängigkeitspotenzial auf. Dieses narrative Review untersucht das Abhängigkeitsrisiko von N2O anhand der ICD-10-Kriterien für Abhängigkeitserkrankungen und bewertet die aktuelle Literatur.

Material und Methoden
Eine umfassende Literatursuche bis April 2024 wurde durchgeführt, um Publikationen zu identifizieren, die den Konsum von N2O im Kontext von Abhängigkeitskriterien behandeln. Die Ergebnisse wurden anhand der ICD-10-Kriterien analysiert.

Ergebnisse
Studien zeigen gemischte Ergebnisse hinsichtlich des Cravings und Kontrollverlusts bei N2O‑Konsument:innen. Es gibt Hinweise auf Vernachlässigung anderer Interessen und mögliche Toleranzentwicklung, während die Daten zu Entzugssymptomen begrenzt sind. Ein anhaltender Konsum trotz schädlicher Folgen wurde beschrieben, jedoch fehlen objektive diagnostische Methoden zur Bestimmung der Konsumintensität.

Diskussion
Die Datenlage zum Abhängigkeitspotenzial von N2O ist uneinheitlich. Die Diskussion um seine Klassifizierung als abhängigkeitserzeugende Substanz bleibt kontrovers. Klinische Hinweise deuten jedoch auf ein mögliches Abhängigkeitsrisiko hin, insbesondere bei exzessivem Konsum.

Fazit
Lachgas wird gegenwärtig vor allem als Missbrauchssubstanz betrachtet und hat das Potenzial, bei exzessivem Konsum eine psychische Abhängigkeit zu fördern, die sich insbesondere durch Kontrollverlust und Vernachlässigung äußert. Die Kriterien für eine körperliche Abhängigkeit, wie das Auftreten eines Entzugssyndroms und die Entwicklung von Toleranz, sind bisher jedoch noch nicht ausreichend überzeugend dokumentiert worden. Weitere Forschung ist erforderlich, um das Abhängigkeitspotenzial von N2O besser zu verstehen und angemessene präventive und therapeutische Maßnahmen zu entwickeln.