bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organic psychosis: Much more than dopamine
Authors: Gutierrez R. Martín , Ruiz M. Juncal , Olivares O. Porta , Rodríguez R. Landera , Blanco L. Sánchez , Díez D. Abejas , Jenaro G. Pardo de Santayana , Revuelta M. Gómez , Requena C. Marín , Galán V. Gajardo 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionMost of elderly onset psychosis present as a consequence of one or more organic processes. We present the case of an 81-year-old patient with diagnosis of a posterior fossa meningioma. It emerged with abrupt positive symptoms of psychosis with important family and social disruption. The interest of the case lies in the low frequency of psychiatric symptoms associated to this type of tumor, given its location. Thus, these symptoms may be explained, by normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) secondary to the tumor.ObjectivesTo highlight the importance of performing a complete organic screening in elderly onset psycotic patients.Material and methodFrom the mentioned case, we performed a literature review of psychopathology associated with NPH.ResultsPsychiatric examination demonstrated parasitization delusions and delusional misinterpretations; tactile and visual zoomorphic hallucinations were also present. They were compatible with Ekbom syndrome; anxiety and behavioral disorganization were prominent. We introduced treatment with risperidone 0.5 mg/12 h with important decrease of positive psychotic symptoms. Currently, the patient is waiting for a ventricular-peritoneal shunt.ConclusionsThe NPH usually presents with memory failures, psychomotor slowing, problems in calculating and writing. It may progress to a neurological impairment so intense that may be indistinguishable from Alzheimer's disease. From a psychopathological point of view, affective or psychotic symptoms and/or behavioral disorganization may also appear. In few cases, HNT onset shows with prominent psychiatric symptoms instead of neurological impairment. These symptoms may improve with pharmacological and surgical treatment. Thus, it is important to get an accurate diagnosis.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
A case of delusional disorder
Authors: Porta Olivares O. , Juncal Ruiz M. , Fernández Abascal Puente B. , Gómez Revuelta M. , Pérez Herrera M. , Garcia Egea J.L. , Garcia Ayala L. , Nuñez Morales N.I. , Landera Rodríguez R. , Santayana Jenaro G. Pardo de , Sánchez Blanco L. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionFunctioning of patients with delusional disorder may be impaired, particularly if the delusional thinking is chronic rather than episodic. They refuse to characterize their beliefs as false and view opposing views with surprise, if not hostility and disdain, dismissing or ignoring them, and continuing their struggle to find resolution or restitution for the wrongs they have endured or the illnesses from which they suffer. They typically reject and often resent the suggestion that they are mentally compromised. They are a difficult group to engage clinically, often refusing to meet with a clinician about their delusions and/or to take medication. The first-line treatment of delusional disorder is antipsychotic medication rather than other clinical interventions. Patients with the disorder often reject psychiatric treatment, it is particularly important that medication be prescribed in the context of a therapeutic relationship that includes support, education, encouragement of healthier pursuits, and discouragement of damaging, delusion-inspired actions.MethodsWe describe a case of a 55-year-old woman with a delusional disorder that was diagnosed 4 years before. The supervision of the right take of the treatment was not possible and the intensity of behavioral disturbances increased. Then we started the treatment with long-acting injectable aripiprazole.ResultsWithin the 4 months following the start of treatment, her mental state improved by attenuation of psychotic symptoms.ConclusionsLong-acting aripiprazole could be an effective tool for treatment of psychotic symptoms in patients with no insight and difficulties to check the proper treatment take.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
When the term “schizophrenia” is enough to modify the way you interact with others: Evidence for a motor synchrony task
Authors: Rainteau N. , Salesse R. , Raffard S. , Capdevielle D. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionMost individuals with schizophrenia will be confronted with some forms of stigmatization. In recent years, the term “schizophrenia” has been increasingly contested by clinicians and family members and many of them argue for a change of name. Surprisingly, most of the research has been explored though self-reports but behavioural research is still lacking. The aim of our study was to assess through an experimental design if the term “schizophrenia” was enough to modify social behaviours.MethodsEleven participants from the community were asked to engage in three coordination tasks with a simple dot displayed on a screen and moved by another person. Participants had to synchronize their movements with either a schizophrenia patient, a patient with neuro-emotional integration disorder (NEID) or a healthy subject, situated in different rooms. Each condition was counterbalanced between participants. In reality, the movements of the dot were pre-recorded (five trajectories) and were therefore identical for all three conditions.ResultsMeasuring the error between the displayed and performed trajectories, participants coordinate worse when they though interacting with a schizophrenia or NEID patient in comparison to the “healthy” (F(2.20) = 4.02; P = .034; n2P = 0.29) condition. Post-hoc analysis revealed an even higher difference between “schizophrenia” and “healthy” conditions (P = 0.01).ConclusionOur study is the first to demonstrate that the label “schizophrenia” directly impacts our behaviour, with negative consequences on social interactions. However, our results cannot confirm yet a positive effect induced by changing the name.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The awareness of social inference task (TASIT) updated: Signal detection theory (SDT) in emotion recognition and its link to psychotic symptoms
Authors: Rossi R. , Santarelli V. , Carmela M. , Gianfelice D. , Cicciarelli R. , Pacitti F. , Rossi A. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionSocial cognition (SC) is an impaired domain in schizophrenia. However, little is known on the Signal Detection properties of SC deficits.We analyzed the relationship between emotion perception and psychotic symptoms in a sample of schizophrenic patients. For this scope, we extended the scoring system of the awareness of social inference task-emotion recognition (TASIT-ER) according to signal detection theory (SDT).MethodsSample:– one hundred and nineteen inpatients from L’Aquila Inpatient unit diagnosed with schizophrenia.Dependent variable:– Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS)’s Positive, Negative, Disorganized, Excited and Depressed dimensions, and total score.Independent variable:– a modified version of TASIT-ER. The original scoring system, including only “HITs”, was extended with “False Alarm” (FA), defined as a detection of an emotion when not present.Statistical analysis:– multivariable linear regression models for each sub-group of emotions to assess the effect of FAs on psychotic symptoms compared to HITs.ResultsFAs on positive emotions were associated with disorganized (b = 31.95), excited dimensions (b = 41.84) and PANSS Total (b = 152.46); FAs on negative emotions were associated with Excited dimension (b = −57.97) and PANSS Total (b = −243.70). HITs on Negative emotions were associated with Negative (b = −13.37), Disorganized (b = −8.64) Excited (b = −8.74) dimensions and with PANSS total (b = −45.30).DiscussionFA rates were more strongly associated with total PANSS score than HIT rate, suggesting a prominent role of false recognition in defining psychotic symptoms, especially disorganized and excited ones, consistently with computational models of psychosis that rationalize false recognition as failures of active inference systems in updating their predictive model of sensory information.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Corticosteroid-induced psychosis: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Tenorio Guadalupe M. , Alberdi Páramo I. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionSteroid psychosis still presents many unsettled clinical aspects. Despite several reviews and case reports are available, modes of onset and recovery need a more accurate description. We will focus on a 53-year-old woman who was hospitalized against her will because of her agitated psychotic state. Her symptoms were indicative of an acute psychotic disorder resulting from the use of corticosteroids. We considered it important to report this case because corticosteroids have been widely prescribed since about 1950 to treat a broad spectrum of somatic illnesses and to emphasize the relevance of the dose of steroids in this case.ObjectivesWe describe a case of substance-induced psychotic disorder resulting from corticosteroids administration and we review the scientific literature about this topic.AimsTo obtain more information about the incidence of steroid-induced psychotic symptoms, the relation between the type of steroids, its dose and the clinical presentation, the most important risk factors and how to prevent psychotic episodes during steroids-treatment.MethodsAfter discussing the case, we studied the literature systematically using official medical browsers.ResultsVery little reliable evidence has been available relating to steroid-induced psychosis.ConclusionsThere is much to learn about adverse psychiatric reactions to corticosteroid treatment. It should be improved awareness of the limited available knowledge and to stimulate research aimed at improved methods of prevention, recognition and treatment.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Adjunctive minocycline in clozapine and amisulpride treated schizophrenia patients with persistent symptoms
Authors: Tzavellas E. , Karaiskos D. , Konstantinou J. , Oikonomou E. , Soldatos R. , Paparrigopoulos T. 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveClozapine and amisulpride are two effective antipsychotic and their combination often is used for treatment refractory people with schizophrenia, yet many patients partially respond. Clinical data and the recent literature suggest benefits with minocycline. in our study we adjunct minocycline in five schizophrenic patients and we observed them for a period of 6 months.MethodsOur patients received adjunct minocycline (100 mg oral capsule twice daily).ResultsUsing the PANSS, we identified a statistically significant (P < 0.05) clinical improvement from the fourth week of treatment for positive mainly, and less for negative symptoms in all our patients. Global cognitive function did not differ, although there was a significant improvement in working memory favoring minocycline. Moreover there was a marked reduction of anxiety and depressive symptoms.Minocycline was well tolerated and no patient presented side effects.ConclusionMinocycline seems to help significantly schizophrenic patients who do not respond fully to their medication consisted of clozapine and amisulpride. Larger studies are needed to validate these findings.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Attitude of person living with psychosis towards MH professionals: A qualitative study
Authors: Vaiphei K. , Sreedaran P. , Sathyanarayanan V. 
Published: June 2017

AimsStudies investigating attitudes of people with mental illness are scarce. The aim of the present study was to investigate person living with psychosis on their attitudes and perception towards the mental health professionals in contact with mental health services.MethodsAn in-depth interview was used to explore their lived experiences and attitude towards mental health professionals.ResultsBoth negative and positive attitudes were prevalent among the patients. Most negative attitudes concerned on not giving time, the MHPs are most interested in financial gains. They felt attitude changes according to diagnosis, psychosis perceived as diagnosis with violence; they are more interested in protecting themselves, perception that treating symptoms and not cause of illness. On the contrary, they felt positive on the relationship and time given to them.Discussion and conclusions The PLWI's attitude to MHPs could be a product of the type of admission (forced upon), symptoms related or on the type of service settings. The present study is purely qualitative, single settings, could not be generalised. However it points on the need for sensitization of MHPs and relationship building oriented intervention.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Trazodone a good start key for normal sleep in two cases of somnambulism
Authors: Marinescu G.C. , Popa S. , Zarioiu I.C. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionIn our current practice, we do not see many cases of somnambulism in adults. We do not have much information about their treatment and outcome. In difficult cases, some clinicians try to use benzodiazepines, which decrease slow-wave sleep. More recent reports suggest the use of zolpidem.ObjectivesSleepwalking disorder consists of a sequence of complex behaviours that are initiated in the first third of the night during deep NREM (stage III and IV) sleep. The architecture of normal sleep is impaired. In important cases - with dangerous behaviour – we need treatment.AimsTrazodone is an antidepressant with sedative effect due to H1 and α1 receptors blockade. Trazodone can rewrite the bad sleep architecture of depressive patients with insomnia and improve sleep in such cases. For these reasons, we try to use trazodone in somnambulism.MethodWe had two case studies (males, 24 and 22 old), diagnosed with NREM arousal disorder, sleepwalking type, according to DSM-5. Both patients were treated with trazodone 50 mg/day, up-titrated with 50 mg/day every three days. The target used dose was 150 mg/day because this is the most sedative.ResultsSomnambulism disappeared in both cases after the first dose of trazodone. We treated three month both patients and then down-titrated and stopped the treatment. After one year from stopping the treatment, the patients had not new episodes of somnambulism.ConclusionsTrazodone has the power to rewrite, in those cases, the sleep architecture of somnambulism. This action is due to blockade the brain's arousal histamine and adrenaline systems.Disclosure of interestSpeaker honoraria from Angelini Pharmaceuticals Romania.
The perception and attitudes of nursing staff in state psychiatric hospitals regarding the causes and treatment of substance abuse and effecting factors
Authors: Baysan Arabacı L. , Engin E. , Yetmiş N. , Şen G. , Ozturk T. 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveThis study was performed with the aims of determining the perceptions of nursing staff in psychiatric hospitals regarding the causes and treatment of substance addiction as well as their attitudes towards people with substance abuse problems.MethodThis study was carried out with 389 nurses working at 5 state psychiatry hospitals in Turkey. In this study, demographic questionnaire, the causes of drug abuse scale (CADAS), drug abuse scale (CUDAS), attitudes scale (AS), and a demographic questionnaire were used. Independent sample t-test, variance, correlation, and linear regression analyses were used.ResultsIn this study, 82.8% of the nurses were female, and the mean age was 33.79 ± 7.58. We found that the demographic characteristics of the nurses did not affect their perception regarding the causes of addiction and treatment (P > 0.05); but it did have an effect upon their attitude towards people with substance use problem (P < 0.05). Also, it was established that there was a negative relationship between their perception regarding causes of substance misuse and their attitude towards a person with substance use problem; and a positive relationship between their perception regarding substance misuse treatment and their attitude towards the person with substance use problem (P < 0.05).ConclusionNursing staff working in psychiatric hospitals in Turkey have the perception that a person takes substances in order to “cope with problems”and for reasons pertaining to his/her “social environment”. Nursing staff tends to indicate a negative attitude towards persons with substance abuse problems, such distancing themselves socially from the patients.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Ethylone: A synthetic cathinone emerging in Barcelona
Authors: de Dios M. , Monteagudo E. , Trabsa A. , Grifell M. , Galindo L. , Quintana P. , Palma A. , Ventura M. , Sanagustin D. , Pérez S. , Torrens M. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionSynthetic cathinones, the active component in “bath salts”, have surfaced as a popular alternative to other illicit drugs of abuse, such as cocaine, MDMA (ecstasy), and methamphetamine, due to their potent psychostimulant and empathogenic effects.ObjectivesTo describe the presence of Ethylone in samples delivered to energy control from 2014 to 2015 in Spain.MethodsThe total number of samples analyzed from 2014 to 2015 was 8324. Only those samples containing ethylone were studied. They were analyzed by energy control, a Spanish harm reduction NGO that offers the possibility of analysing the substances that users report. Analysis was done by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.ResultsFrom June 2014 to December 2015, 8324 samples were delivered to EC. From this samples 28 (0.336%) contained ethylone. Twelve (0.144%) were delivered as MDMA, representing a 0.783% of the samples delivered as such, and only one sample (0.012%) delivered as MDMA presented ethylene as an adulterant along with MDMA. Other 6 samples (0.072%) were delivered as ethylone and 10 samples (0.120%) were delivered as unknown pills.DiscussionEthylone consumption is found to be an emerging issue according to the results of our samples, an increase of such is found during 2015. This might be traduced as an increase of ethylone in the drug market, but a sample selection bias should be considered as samples were voluntary delivered by consumers. An alarming phenomenon is that in some occasions ethylone is sold as MDMA, but effects take longer to occur and last longer, which may lead to an overdose if used as MDMA.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Efficacy of vortioxetine for patients with dual pathology
Authors: Fernández Mayo L. , Barbero García E. , Baño Rodrigo D. , Agujetas Rodríguez M. , García Sanchez A. , De Antonio Pérez V. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionPatients with dual pathology have worse clinical evolution and worse therapeutic response. Drugs modify the functioning of certain neurocerebral transmission systems, producing cognitive, emotional and behavioral changes. Vortioxetine (Brintellix®) is used as a treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD) and it is considered a new multimodal antidepressant. Preclinical data suggest that the effects on numerous serotonin receptors result in regional increases in noradrenaline and dopamine as well as glutamatergic transmission.ObjectivesThis analysis assessed the efficacy of vortioxetine (Brintellix®) in patients with affective disorders and abuse drugs (dual pathology).MethodsEfficacy was assessed with a study of patients who were recruited in a qualitative and observational study. They were treated with vortioxetine (Brintellix®). Outcome measures included changes from baseline to endpoint in Hamilton Depresion Rating Scale (HDRS). They were also interviewed weekly about craving and substance use. Urine test controls were done to corroborate results.ResultsA total of 11 vortioxetine-treated patients improved their depressive and anxiety symptomatology. Seven of them (64%) were males and four of them (36%) were women. Cocaine was the main drug of abuse (n = 9, 82%). The doses were between 5 and 20 mg/day. After the clinical evaluation and 12 weeks of treatment, they achieved to reduce significantly the drug use and verbalized a decrease in craving. Two patients dropped out of the study.ConclusionsVortioxetine (Brintellix®) was shown as efficacious in reducing depressive and anxiety symptoms in patients with dual pathology.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Sexual dysfunctions in injectable drug users in Tunisia
Authors: Jihene J. , olfa M. , Haifa Z. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionThe drug addiction in the buprenorphin with high dosage (BHD) by injectable way, represents a real plague in Tunisia, consequently, we are confronted with diverse complications including the sexual dysfunctions.ObjectivesIdentify and determine prevalence of the sexual dysfunctions among this population.MethodsIt is a transverse, descriptive study. We looked for sexual dysfunctions by using the international index of the erectile function (IIEF 15), among a population of 52 male users of BHD by injectable way.ResultsThe average score in the IIEF-15 was 36.65 with a standard deviation of 20.87, a negative correlation with duration and the quantity of consumption was noted.The average erectile function (EF) was 15.63 ± 9.26, which corresponds to a mild to moderate erectile dysfunction, whereas 31% had a severe dysfunction.The average score of the orgasmic function (OF) was 6.35 ± 3.52.The average score of the sexual desire (SD) was 4.27 ± 2.90.The average score of the satisfaction with sexual intercourses (IS) was 5.77 ± 4.54, an alteration was noted in 96% of the cases, which was correlated with the severity of the consumption.The average score of the global satisfaction (OS) was altered at 92% of the subjects.The majority of the subjects brought back the chronology of their disorders in after the consumption of BHD. No patient consulted in sexology.ConclusionIt is thus important to educate stakeholders, on the frequency of sexual dysfunctions and the importance of their screening to improve the management of this problem.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.