bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Geranyloxycinnamic Acids on COX‐2 and iNOS Functionalities in LPS‐Stimulated U937 Mononuclear Cells
Authors: Genovese Salvatore , Fiorito Serena , Taddeo Vito Alessandro , Epifano Francesco , Paciotti Roberto , Coletti Cecilia , Franceschelli Sara , Speranza Lorenza , Ferrone Alessio , Felaco Mario , Patruno Antonia 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA series of naturally occurring and semisynthetic O‐geranyl cinnamic acids and their conjugates with the iNOS inhibitor Nω‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester have been synthesized and evaluated for their effects on expressions of COX‐2 and iNOS, antioxidant activity, and PGE2 and NO production in LPS‐stimulated U937 mononuclear cells. All adducts showed little or no effect on iNOS functionality in terms of NO release. A much more significant activity has been recorded on PGE2 biosynthesis for which the sample substituted with a ‐NO2 group in position 3 of the aromatic ring revealed an effect in the nM range both for the L‐NAME conjugated product and the parent compound (IC50=0.71 μM and 0.1 μM respectively). Preliminary docking studies have been carried out to clarify the mechanism of COX‐2 inhibition, and they suggest that the geranyloxy side chain is likely to play an important role for the observed activity and that structural modifications are able to tune such effects.
Synthesis and Optical Properties of New Red Emitting Phosphor Li3BaSrGd3‐xEux(MO4)8 for White LEDs
Authors: Singh Kasturi , Vaidyanathan Sivakumar 
Published: October 2016

AbstractRed emitting Li3BaSrGd3‐xEux(MO4)8 (M=W, Mo) phosphors with stratified scheelite structure have been synthesized by conventional solid state reaction. All the compositions crystallize in the monoclinic structure with space group C2/c. Host as well as the phosphors (Eu3+ substituted) show broad absorption band in the UV to near UV region, due to the oxygen to molybdenum (absorption edge ∼360 nm, O2− → Mo6+) or tungsten (absorption edge ∼320 nm, O2− → W6+) charge transfer transition. The photoluminescence(PL) study of Eu3+ substituted compositions show emission at ∼615 nm (due to the forced electric dipole (ED) 5D0 →7F2 transition of Eu3+ ion), which confirms that the Eu3+ ion present in the non‐centrosymmetric site. In order to study the emission behaviour systematically the Judd‐Ofelt (J ‐ O) spectral intensity parameters were calculated. The Commission Internationale de l′Elcairage (CIE) colour coordinate values are well harmonized with the National Television Standard Committee (NTSC) standards. The presently synthesized tungstate phosphors have been used as reference for contrast between two. The entire compositions show better absorption in the near UV to blue region and emitting red light ∼615 nm indicates that this phosphor may find potential application as a red phosphor for white LED.
Oxime Palladacycle Catalyzed Carbonylative Sonogashira Cross‐Coupling with High Turnovers in PEG as a Benign and Recyclable Solvent System
Authors: Gautam Prashant , Bhanage Bhalchandra M. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractOxime palladacycles‐ di‐μ‐chlorobis [5‐chloro‐2‐[(4‐ chlorophenyl)(hydroxyimino‐κN) methyl] phenyl‐κC] palladium (II) dimer (1) and di‐μ‐chlorobis [5‐hydroxy‐2‐[1‐(hydroxyimino‐κN) ethyl] phenyl‐κC] palladium (II) dimer (2) provide a phosphine free approach for the synthesis of ynones at low palladium loadings (10−5 mol%) thus resulting in catalytic turnover numbers (TONs) and turnover frequencies (TOFs) of the order of 106. Oxime palladacycle 1 shows TON 587 times and TOF 331 times higher than the best palladium catalyst reported in the literature for the carbonylative cross‐coupling between 4‐iodoanisole and phenylacetylene as a model reaction. The use of poly (ethylene glycol) as an environmentally benign solvent system allows the recyclability of the oxime palladacycle at low palladium loading up to four times. Further, the oxime palladacycles are advantageous in effecting higher conversion and selectivity at low palladium loadings as compared to conventional palladium precursors‐ Pd (OAc)2 and PdCl2(PPh3)2
Heterogeneous social motives and interactions: The three predictable paths of capability development
Authors: Bridoux Flore , Coeurderoy Régis , Durand Rodolphe 
Published: October 2016

Research summary: Limited attention has been paid to the crucial role of individuals' motivation and social interactions in capability development. Building on literature in social psychology and behavioral economics that links heterogeneity in individual social motives to social interactions, we explain how the variation, selection, and retention processes underlying a group's deliberate capability development are affected by the composition of the group in terms of individuals' social motives in interplay with the organizational‐level motivational levers designed by managers. Our multilevel theoretical model suggests that individual‐level heterogeneity leads to the development of capabilities along different paths. For practice, this implies that, according to the composition of the group in terms of social motives, capabilities are more or less technically and evolutionary adequate and a source of business process performance.Managerial summary:We propose that when a group of employees engages in developing one of the firm's capabilities, capability development will follow a different path according to what motivates most of the employees composing the group. We identify and discuss three paths. Two of these paths (convergence and congruence) can help improve business process performance in a stable environment, the third one (open‐ended) in a dynamic environment. Our work invites managers to not only think in terms of more or less capability development, but also in terms of capability development path(s): the path(s) in which groups in the firm are currently engaged and the one(s) that are desirable given the firm's objectives and the nature of the environment(s) the firm faces in deploying its business processes. © 2016 The Authors. Strategic Management Journal published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diverging Mobility Trajectories: Grandparent Effects on Educational Attainment in One- and Two-Parent Families in the United States
Authors: Song Xi 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn recent years, sociological research investigating grandparent effects in three-generation social mobility has proliferated, mostly focusing on the question of whether grandparents have a direct effect on their grandchildren’s social attainment. This study hypothesizes that prior research has overlooked family structure as an important factor that moderates grandparents’ direct effects. Capitalizing on a counterfactual causal framework and multigenerational data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, this study examines the direct effect of grandparents’ years of education on grandchildren’s years of educational attainment and heterogeneity in the effects associated with family structure. The results show that for both African Americans and whites, grandparent effects are the strongest for grandchildren who grew up in two-parent families, followed by those in single-parent families with divorced parents. The weakest effects were marked in single-parent families with unmarried parents. These findings suggest that the increasing diversity of family forms has led to diverging social mobility trajectories for families across generations.
Glucose level decline precedes dementia in elderly African Americans with diabetes
Authors: Hendrie Hugh C. , Zheng Mengjie , Li Wei , Lane Kathleen , Ambuehl Roberta , Purnell Christianna , Unverzagt Frederick W. , Torke Alexia , Balasubramanyam Ashok , Callahan Chris M. , Gao Sujuan 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIntroductionHigh blood glucose levels may be responsible for the increased risk for dementia in diabetic patients.MethodsA secondary data analysis merging electronic medical records (EMRs) with data collected from the Indianapolis–Ibadan Dementia project (IIDP). Of the enrolled 4105 African Americans, 3778 were identified in the EMR. Study endpoints were dementia, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or normal cognition. Repeated serum glucose measurements were used as the outcome variables.ResultsDiabetic participants who developed incident dementia had a significant decrease in serum glucose levels in the years preceding the diagnosis compared to the participants with normal cognition (P = .0002). They also had significantly higher glucose levels up to 9 years before the dementia diagnosis (P = .0367).DiscussionHigh glucose levels followed by a decline occurring years before diagnosis in African American participants with diabetes may represent a powerful presymptomatic metabolic indicator of dementia.

High glucose levels increased risk for dementia in diabetic patients.
Glucose levels significantly declined as the patient progressed to dementia.
These findings may represent a strong early metabolic indicator for dementia.
Differential Plantaris‐Achilles Tendon Motion: A Sonographic and Cadaveric Investigation
Authors: Smith Jay , Alfredson Håkan , Masci Lorenzo , Sellon Jacob L. , Woods Charonn D. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundDifferential motion between the plantaris and Achilles tendons has been hypothesized to contribute to pain in some patients presenting with Achilles tendinopathy. However, objective evidence of differential Achilles‐plantaris motion is currently lacking from the literature.ObjectiveTo determine whether differential, multidirectional motion exists between the plantaris tendon (PT) and Achilles tendon (AT) as documented by dynamic ultrasound (US) and postdissection examination in an unembalmed cadaveric model.DesignProspective, cadaveric laboratory investigation.SettingProcedural skills laboratory in a tertiary medical center.SubjectsTwenty unembalmed knee‐ankle‐foot specimens (9 right, 11 left) obtained from 6 male and 10 female donors ages 55‐96 years (mean 80 years) with body mass indices of 14.1‐33.2 kg/m2 (mean 22.5 kg/m2).MethodsA single, experienced operator used high‐resolution dynamic US to qualitatively document differential PT‐AT motion during passive ankle dorsiflexion‐plantarflexion. Specimens were then dissected and passive dorsiflexion‐plantarflexion was repeated while differential PT‐AT motion was visualized directly.Main Outcome MeasurementsPresence or absence of multidirectional differential PT‐AT motion.ResultsAll 20 specimens exhibited smooth but variable amplitude multidirectional differential PT‐AT motion. Whereas US readily demonstrated medial‐lateral and anterior‐posterior PT motion relative to the AT, differential longitudinal motion was only appreciated on dissection and direct inspection. Many specimens exhibited partial or complete encasement of the PT between the gastrocnemius portion of the AT and the soleus aponeurosis.ConclusionSome degree of multidirectional differential PT‐AT motion appears to be a normal phenomenon, and PT motion can be evaluated sonographically in both the medial‐lateral and anterior‐posterior directions. The existence of normal differential PT‐AT motion suggests that alterations in PT motion or repetitive stress within the PT‐AT interval may produce symptoms in some patients presenting with Achilles region pain syndromes. The PT should be evaluated in all patients presenting with Achilles, plantaris, or calf pain syndromes. Future research would benefit from the development of a sonographic classification system for PT anatomy and motion with the goal of differentiating normal versus pathologic states and identifying risk factors for symptom development.Level of EvidenceIV
Luxación aislada del piramidal
Authors: Gómez-Suárez F. , Yañez-Calvo J. , Castro-Menéndez M. 
Published: October 2016

Aunque las luxaciones carpianas son lesiones relativamente frecuentes, la luxación aislada del piramidal es excepcional. Presentamos un caso aislado de luxación volar del hueso piramidal, revisando los casos similares publicados en la literatura y analizando los aspectos más importantes en relación con su diagnóstico y tratamiento.Varón de 38 años de edad, con caída sobre su mano derecha en hiperextensión. Inicialmente el diagnóstico pasó desapercibido. Al mes se realizó reducción abierta y estabilización con agujas de Kirchner.A los 4 años de la cirugía el paciente se encuentra asintomático y con la misma fuerza de agarre que la mano contralateral. Las radiografías postoperatorias muestran una buena reducción del carpo sin signos de inestabilidad.La falta de un diagnóstico inicial y en consecuencia un retraso en el tratamiento hacen más difícil el manejo de las lesiones, pero es una reducción inadecuada del carpo el factor pronóstico más negativo.
Workplace nutrition knowledge questionnaire: psychometric validation and application
Authors: Guadagnin Simone C. , Nakano Eduardo Y. , Dutra Eliane S. , de Carvalho Kênia M. B. , Ito Marina K. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWorkplace dietary intervention studies in low- and middle-income countries using psychometrically sound measures are scarce. This study aimed to validate a nutrition knowledge questionnaire (NQ) and its utility in evaluating the changes in knowledge among participants of a Nutrition Education Program (NEP) conducted at the workplace. A NQ was tested for construct validity, internal consistency and discriminant validity. It was applied in a NEP conducted at six workplaces, in order to evaluate the effect of an interactive or a lecture-based education programme on nutrition knowledge. Four knowledge domains comprising twenty-three items were extracted in the final version of the NQ. Internal consistency of each domain was significant, with Kuder–Richardson formula values>0·60. These four domains presented a good fit in the confirmatory factor analysis. In the discriminant validity test, both the Expert and Lay groups scored>0·52, but the Expert group scores were significantly higher than those of the Lay group in all domains. When the NQ was applied in the NEP, the overall questionnaire scores increased significantly because of the NEP intervention, in both groups (P<0·001). However, the increase in NQ scores was significantly higher in the interactive group than in the lecture group, in the overall score (P=0·008) and in the healthy eating domain (P=0·009). The validated NQ is a short and useful tool to assess gain in nutrition knowledge among participants of NEP at the workplace. According to the NQ, an interactive nutrition education had a higher impact on nutrition knowledge than a lecture programme.
THOMAS DIGGES, ROBERT PARSONS, SIR FRANCIS HASTINGS, AND THE POLITICS OF REGIME CHANGE IN ELIZABETHAN ENGLAND
Authors: LAKE PETER , QUESTIER MICHAEL 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBy reconstructing the multiple contexts that prompted the production, in 1601, of a single tract, this article evokes and analyses the febrile political atmosphere of the Elizabethan fin de siècle, produced by the spectre of regime change consequent upon the death of the queen, and by the visible connections between central elements in the regime and certain Catholic loyalists involved in the notorious Archpriest Controversy. Certain men, most notably Sir Francis Hastings, who were used to regarding themselves as insiders and believed that they were some of the Protestant state's most trusted agents in the struggle against popery, now found themselves typed as ‘puritans’ and thus, at least potentially, on the outs with a regime engaged in a (to them) extraordinarily dangerous flirtation with allegedly ‘loyal’ papists. Adopting the politique hermeneutic mode of the Jesuit Robert Parsons, Hastings all but outed the guilty men and did so via a thoroughly self-conscious exercise in public politics. Throughout, the full range of contemporary media was in play, with printed polemic framing parliamentary debate, that debate in turn feeding into the pamphlet press, which prompted yet more rumours, in London and on the continent, before provoking the state's recourse to those ultimate forms of official publicity, a royal proclamation, treason trials, and the gruesome performativity of the scaffold.
LEGAL TRANSFERS OF RESTRICTIVE IMMIGRATION LAWS: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Ghezelbash Daniel 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis article examines the legal transfer of restrictive race-based immigration laws across self-governing settler societies in the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. These societies shared the common policy objective of limiting Chinese and other ‘non-white’ immigration. They each also faced informal and formal restrictions on implementing overtly racist immigration policies. This created fertile ground for legal transfers. When an innovation was found that could achieve the policy goal of race-based immigration restriction, without direct reference to race, it quickly spread across all jurisdictions operating in that paradigm. The legal transfer of three mechanisms is examined: (1) landing taxes; (2) passenger-per-ship restrictions; and (3) literacy tests. The article concludes by drawing parallels with contemporary transfers of restrictive border control policies targeting asylum seekers and irregular migrants more broadly.
Cooperation by Treaty: The Role of Multilateral Powers
Authors: Milewicz Karolina M. , Snidal Duncan 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWho supports multilateral treaties and who does not? We offer a systematic account of treaty ratification patterns paying particular attention to different states' roles in international legal cooperation in relation to the United States' ratification behavior. States' ability to influence the terms of treaties and their acceptance increases their incentives for treaty ratification. Multilateral powers—states that are powerful and independent from the United States—support multilateral legal cooperation because it offers them an opportunity to shape treaty content. Their engagement in multilateral treaties is strongest when the United States does not lead. States that are weak and/or dependent cannot greatly affect treaties and are therefore less supportive of them but are subject to US pressure. An empirical analysis of states' decisions to ratify prominent postwar multilateral treaties covering a wide range of global issues supports our argument.
Physical activity, forced by steep pastures, affects muscle characteristics and meat quality of suckling beef calves
Authors: GANGNAT I. D. M. , LEIBER F. , DUFEY P.-A. , SILACCI P. , KREUZER M. , BERARD J. 
Published: October 2016

SUMMARYOn steep slopes, grazing is associated with elevated physical activity. This is assumed to influence muscle metabolism, carcass and meat quality in beef cattle. However, there is a lack of experiments which allow distinguishing between physical activity and other factors of influence. In the present experiment, a setup was applied which excluded other factors as best as possible. Two groups of 12 Angus-sired suckling calves were each kept on high altitude pastures with either steep (whole area with about 40% inclination; S-calves) or with flat areas (0% inclination; F-calves). The two areas offered forage of similar nutritional quality. The calves, initially 18 ± 2·5 weeks old, were kept with their dams on the pastures for 11 weeks in a rotational grazing system. The calves were equipped with pedometers and rumination sensors to record physical activity and feeding behaviour, respectively. Slaughter took place on two dates immediately after the grazing period and carcass quality was assessed. Muscle fibre types were classified according to their contractile metabolism and post mortem (p.m.) protein degradation was quantified. The meat, aged for 21 days, was subjected to various physicochemical analyses and sensory evaluation. S-calves walked more steps and spent more time lying down than F-calves, whereas feeding behaviour was not affected by pasture inclination. The daily gains of S-calves were 10% lower compared with those of F-calves. Carcass characteristics were not influenced by pasture inclination. S-calves had a larger proportion of fast-twitch type IIX/B muscle fibres than F-calves. The opposite was observed for intermediate type IIA muscle fibres, whereas the proportion of slow-twitch type I muscle fibres was unaffected. Occasional differences were observed between S- and F-calves regarding indicators of p.m. proteolysis. In S-calves, compared with F-calves, meat from the longissimus thoracis muscle was juicier and showed a tendency to be of lighter colour, whereas meat from the biceps femoris muscle had a smaller shear force (24·5 v. 27·5 N in F-calves). In conclusion, 11 weeks’ exposure to environments forcing calves to exhibit different physical activities in a hypoxic environment was sufficient to cause adaptations in muscle metabolism and several, though small, differences in meat quality.
Prenatal exposure to very severe maternal obesity is associated with adverse neuropsychiatric outcomes in children
Authors: Mina T. H. , Lahti M. , Drake A. J. , Räikkönen K. , Minnis H. , Denison F. C. , Norman J. E. , Reynolds R. M. 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundPrenatal maternal obesity has been linked to adverse childhood neuropsychiatric outcomes, including increased symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), internalizing and externalizing problems, affective disorders and neurodevelopmental problems but few studies have studied neuropsychiatric outcomes among offspring born to very severely obese women or assessed potential familial confounding by maternal psychological distress.MethodWe evaluated neuropsychiatric symptoms in 112 children aged 3–5 years whose mothers had participated in a longitudinal study of obesity in pregnancy (50 very severe obesity, BMI ⩾40 kg/m2, obese class III and 62 lean, BMI 18.5–25 kg/m2). The mothers completed the Conners’ Hyperactivity Scale, Early Symptomatic Syndrome Eliciting Neurodevelopmental Clinical Examination Questionnaire (ESSENCE-Q), Child's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) to assess child neuropsychiatric symptoms. Covariates included child's sex, age, birthweight, gestational age, socioeconomic deprivation levels, maternal age, parity, smoking status during pregnancy, gestational diabetes and maternal concurrent symptoms of anxiety and depression assessed using State Anxiety of Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Index (STAI) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), respectively.ResultsChildren exposed to prenatal maternal very severe obesity had significantly higher scores in the Conners’ Hyperactivity Scale; ESSENCE-Q; total sleep problems in CSHQ; hyperactivity, conduct problems and total difficulties scales of the SDQ; higher externalizing and total problems, anxious/depressed, aggressive behaviour and other problem syndrome scores and higher DSM-oriented affective, anxiety and ADHD problems in CBCL. Prenatal maternal very severe obesity remained a significant predictor of child neuropsychiatric problems across multiple scales independent of demographic factors, prenatal factors and maternal concurrent symptoms of anxiety and depression.ConclusionsPrenatal maternal very severe obesity is a strong predictor of increased neuropsychiatric problems in early childhood.