bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Marijuana and Its Effects on Athletic Performance: A Systematic Review
Authors: Trinh Kien V. , Diep Dion , Robson Hannah 
Published: August 2017

Objective:
To determine the effects of marijuana on athletic performance.

Design:
We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, AMED, and SPORTDiscus from their beginning to September 2016. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane collaboration tool for assessing risk of bias and the Cochrane GRADE scale. No meta-analyses were performed for this review.

Setting:
Subjects in a track, gym, or recreational ward.

Participants:
Any primary study which included male and female adults of any athletic background between ages 18 and 65, with no other comorbid conditions.

Interventions:
Any primary study which used marijuana cigarettes and included a control group.

Main Outcome Measures:
Vital signs, pulmonary measures, physical work capacity, grip strength, and exercise duration were determined to be relevant outcomes.

Results:
Three trials examined marijuana and its effects on athletic performance. Two trials had a high risk of bias and 1 trial had an unclear risk of bias. The effect of marijuana on outcomes including heart rate, blood pressure, and exercise duration remains unclear. Low quality evidence suggests that treatment, sham, and inactive control groups do not have a significant difference for grip strength. Low quality evidence suggests that there is an ergogenic effect of treatment demonstrated by increased bronchodilation and FEV1 compared with inactive control and that there is an ergolytic effect of treatment demonstrated by decreased physical work capacity compared with sham and inactive control groups.

Conclusion:
Because the number and quality of studies was low, the effects of marijuana on athletic performance remain unclear.
What’s in a Name? Perceptions of the Terms Sexually Transmitted Disease and Sexually Transmitted Infection Among Late Adolescents
Authors: Lederer Alyssa M. , Laing Elizabeth E. 
Published: August 2017

Background
There has been a shift from using the term sexually transmitted disease (STD) to sexually transmitted infection (STI), primarily based on conjecture that STI is less stigmatizing. However, there is a dearth of evidence regarding how the public actually perceives these terms.

Methods
Students at a Midwestern university participated in an online survey and were randomized to the open-ended question “What comes to mind when you think of the term sexually transmitted disease (STD)?” (n = 205) or “What comes to mind when you think of the term sexually transmitted infection (STI)?” (n = 208). Conventional content analysis was conducted to identify response themes. Cross tabulations with the χ2 statistic determined the number of participants that endorsed each theme and any differences between the STD and STI responses.

Results
Almost all themes occurred in similar numbers across the STD and STI responses. Overarching themes for both terms were contracted through sex; specific STDs/STIs; severe; negative emotional affect; types of people who get STDs/STIs; physical symptoms; preventable; common; and treatable/curable. However, participants were more likely to mention that STDs were common (P = 0.030) and reported less negative emotional affect for STIs (P = 0.024). Two themes emerged only in the STI group: STDs (P = 0.001) and site of infection (P = 0.003).

Conclusions
With some exceptions, late adolescents have overlapping conceptualizations of the terms STD and STI. The most commonly reported themes revealed likely areas of misinformation. Although language is an important aspect of health communication, more than a terminology change is needed to reduce the stigma associated with STDs/STIs.
Two Fatal Intoxications Due to Tramadol Alone
Authors: Gioia Sara , Lancia Massimo , Bacci Mauro , Suadoni Fabio 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Since tramadol was marketed, it has been widely prescribed as a pain killer because of its relatively safe profile among opioids.
Nevertheless, intoxication can occur: overdose can lead to fatal outcomes mostly in association with other drugs, via the potential interaction with serotonergic antidepressant medications, as well as the potential for increased central nervous system (CNS) depression.
Fatal outcomes only attributable to tramadol are a rare entity. In this case report, 2 fatal cases are described due to tramadol stand-alone intoxication with peculiar characteristics.
In case 1, gas chromatography - mass spectrometry analysis detected tramadol in all specimens (32 μg/mL in the heart blood, 23.9 μg/mL in the femoral blood, 3.3 μg/mL in the bile, and 1.4 μg/mL in the urine). No other CNS depressants were detected by toxicological analysis.
In case 2, gas chromatography - mass spectrometry analysis detected tramadol in all specimens (7.5 μg/mL in the heart blood, 5.8 μg/mL in the femoral blood, and 18 μg/mL in the urine). No other CNS depressants were detected by toxicological analysis.
Review of the literature was performed to clarify the actual knowledge on this topic.
Cardiac Arrest Secondary to Lightning Strike
Authors: Rotariu Elena L. , Manole Mioara D. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Lightning strike injuries, although less common than electrical injuries, have a higher morbidity rate because of critical alterations of the circulatory system, respiratory system, and central nervous system. Most lightning-related deaths occur immediately after injury because of arrhythmia or respiratory failure. We describe the case of a pediatric patient who experienced cardiorespiratory arrest secondary to a lightning strike, where the Advanced Cardiac Life Support and Basic Life Support chain of survival was well executed, leading to return of spontaneous circulation and intact neurological survival. We review the pathophysiology of lightning injuries, prognostic factors of favorable outcome after cardiac arrest, including bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation, shockable rhythm, and automatic external defibrillator use, and the importance of temperature management after cardiac arrest.
A Spatial Analysis of Acute Myocardial Infarction Rates in New York State in Relation to Hospitals Along State Jurisdictional Borders
Authors: Stamm Abigail J. , Savadatti Sanghamitra S. , Kumar Sanjaya , Hwang Syni-An 
Published: August 2017

Introduction:
Patients experiencing acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are likely to visit the nearest hospital providing appropriate services since timely care is a critical determinant in the treatment and progression of AMI. We comparatively examined AMI rates in border and nonborder census tracts. The New York State (NYS) Environmental Public Health Tracking (EPHT) program, in conjunction with the Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System, will work on developing memoranda of understanding with neighboring states to be able to more comprehensively access NYS residents' out-of-state health records.

Objective:
To determine whether AMI rates in the NYS border census tracts differ from AMI rates in nonborder census tracts as a preliminary exploration of the utilization of out-of-state care for acute health conditions by NYS border residents.

Design:
We reviewed data on inpatient and emergency department visits in NYS with discharge dates from 2005 to 2014 retrospectively. We used the NYS EPHT tier 1 system database to locate hospitals. We geocoded all cases to NYS 2010 census tracts. We mapped differences between border and nonborder tracts and analyzed resulting spatial patterns. We computed tract-level AMI rates and differences between border and nonborder AMI rates.

Results:
The age-adjusted AMI rates differed by 8.2 cases per 10 000 people (95% confidence interval, 6.94-12.60). Maps showed patterns of differences in AMI rates, especially along the NYS border with New England and other geographically closer out-of-state hospitals.

Conclusions:
AMI rates that were geographically closer to out-of-state hospitals were lower, suggesting that people residing in border census tracts are utilizing out-of-state care. Our study adds to literature on the geographical component of health care accessibility and utilization in the context of acute conditions such as AMI and lends impetus to access out-of-state health records to better understand health care facility access and utilization for NYS residents.
Hand-assisted Approach as a Model to Teach Complex Laparoscopic Hepatectomies: Preliminary Results
Authors: Makdissi Fabio F. , Jeismann Vagner B. , Kruger Jaime A.P. , Coelho Fabricio F. , Ribeiro-Junior Ulysses , Cecconello Ivan , Herman Paulo 
Published: August 2017

Background:
Currently, there are limited and scarce models to teach complex liver resections by laparoscopy. The aim of this study is to present a hand-assisted technique to teach complex laparoscopic hepatectomies for fellows in liver surgery.

Materials and Methods:
Laparoscopic hand-assisted approach for resections of liver lesions located in posterosuperior segments (7, 6/7, 7/8, 8) was performed by the trainees with guidance and intermittent intervention of a senior surgeon. Data as: (1) percentage of time that the senior surgeon takes the surgery as main surgeon, (2) need for the senior surgeon to finish the procedure, (3) necessity of conversion, (4) bleeding with hemodynamic instability, (5) need for transfusion, (6) oncological surgical margins, were evaluated.

Results:
In total, 12 cases of complex laparoscopic liver resections were performed by the trainee. All cases included deep lesions situated on liver segments 7 or 8. The senior surgeon intervention occurred in a mean of 20% of the total surgical time (range, 0% to 50%). A senior intervention >20% was necessary in 2 cases. There was no need for conversion or reoperation. Neither major bleeding nor complications resulted from the teaching program. All surgical margins were clear.

Conclusions:
This preliminary report shows that hand-assistance is a safe way to teach complex liver resections without compromising patient safety or oncological results. More cases are still necessary to draw definitive conclusions about this teaching method.
The Feasibility of Hand-assisted Laparoscopic and Laparoscopic Multivisceral Resection Compared With Open Surgery for Locally Advanced Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Zhang Guang-tan , Zhang Xue-dong 
Published: August 2017

Background:
The role of hand-assisted laparoscopic and pure laparoscopic surgery for locally advanced colorectal cancer invading or adhering to neighboring organs is controversial. This study evaluated the safety and feasibility of laparoscopic multivisceral resection for colorectal cancer.

Patients and Methods:
This study included 201 patients who underwent multivisceral resection for locally advanced colorectal cancer from January 2007 to December 2013 in the Department of General Surgery, Henan Provincial Hospital. Perioperative outcomes and long-time outcomes were compared among hand-assisted laparoscopic, laparoscopic and open resections.

Results:
Estimated blood loss, wound length, time to the first flatus, and postoperative hospital stay were significantly less or shorter in the hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery (HALS) and laparoscopic surgery group than in open surgery (OS) group. There were no significant differences in tumor size, retrieved lymph nodes, and R0 resection rate of the primary tumor among the 3 groups. Surgeries started as laparoscopic surgery were completed in that manner 76.6% of the time with 10.6% being converted to OS and 12.8% converted to HALS and there were only 2 conversions (2.2%) to OS in the HALS group. No significant difference was noted for overall morbidity rate and reoperation rate among the 3 groups. The overall observed 5-year survival rate was 60.5% in the laparoscopic group, 55.4% in the HALS group, and 47.7% in the open group. There was no significant difference among the 3 groups in the 5-year survival rate.

Conclusions:
Hand-assisted laparoscopic and pure laparoscopic multivisceral resection for locally advanced colorectal cancer is safe and feasible in selected patients. HALS can be used judiciously to reduce the rate of conversion to an open procedure and may be a better alternative for laparoscopic approach.
Adult sex ratios and partner scarcity among hunter–gatherers: implications for dispersal patterns and the evolution of human sociality
Authors: Kramer Karen L. , Schacht Ryan , Bell Adrian 
Published: August 2017

Small populations are susceptible to high genetic loads and random fluctuations in birth and death rates. While these selective forces can adversely affect their viability, small populations persist across taxa. Here, we investigate the resilience of small groups to demographic uncertainty, and specifically to fluctuations in adult sex ratio (ASR), partner availability and dispersal patterns. Using 25 years of demographic data for two Savannah Pumé groups of South American hunter–gatherers, we show that in small human populations: (i) ASRs fluctuate substantially from year to year, but do not consistently trend in a sex-biased direction; (ii) the primary driver of local variation in partner availability is stochasticity in the sex ratio at maturity; and (iii) dispersal outside of the group is an important behavioural means to mediate locally constrained mating options. To then simulate conditions under which dispersal outside of the local group may have evolved, we develop two mathematical models. Model results predict that if the ASR is biased, the globally rarer sex should disperse. The model's utility is then evaluated by applying our empirical data to this central prediction. The results are consistent with the observed hunter–gatherer pattern of variation in the sex that disperses. Together, these findings offer an alternative explanation to resource provisioning for the evolution of traits central to human sociality (e.g. flexible dispersal, bilocal post-marital residence and cooperation across local groups). We argue that in small populations, looking outside of one's local group is necessary to find a mate and that, motivated by ASR imbalance, the alliances formed to facilitate the movement of partners are an important foundation for the human-typical pattern of network formation across local groups.This article is part of the themed issue ‘Adult sex ratios and reproductive decisions: a critical re-examination of sex differences in human and animal societies’.
Anti-mutagenic and synergistic cytotoxic effect of cisplatin and Honey Bee venom on 4T1 invasive mammary carcinoma cell line
Authors: Arani Faranak Shiassi , Karimzadeh Latifeh , Ghafoori Seyed Mohammad , Nabiuni Mohammad 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTHoney Bee Venom has various biological activities such as inhibitory effect on several types of cancer. Cisplatin is an old and potent drug to treat the most of cancer. Our aims in this study were determination of the anti-mutagenic and cytotoxic effects of HBV on mammary carcinoma, lonely and in combination with cisplatin. In this study 4T1 cell line were cultured and incubated at 37 C in humidified CO2-incubator. The cell viabilities were examined by MTT assay. Also HBV was screened for its anti-mutagenic activity against sodium azide by Ames test. The result showed that 6μg/ml HBV, 20μg/ml cisplatin and 6μg/ml HBV with 10μg/ml cisplatin can induce an approximately 50% 4T1 cell death. 7mg/ml HBV with the inhibition of 62.76% sodium azide showed high potential in decreasing the mutagenic agents. MTT assay demonstrated that HBV and cisplatin can cause cell death in a dose-dependent manner. The cytotoxic effect of cisplatin is also promoted by HBV. Ames test results indicated that HBV can inhibit sodium azide as a mutagenic agent. Anti-mutagenic activity of HBV was increased significantly in presence of S9 mix. Hence, our findings reveal that HBV can enhance the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin drug and it has cancer preventing effects.
Does size matter? The relationship between predictive power of single-subject morphometric networks to spatial scale and edge weight
Authors: Raamana Pradeep Reddy , Strother Stephen C. ,   for the Australian Imaging Biomarkers and Lifestyle flagship study of ageing,   for The Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: August 2017

AbstractNetwork-level analysis based on anatomical, pairwise similarities (e.g., cortical thickness) has been gaining increasing attention recently. However, there has not been a systematic study of the impact of spatial scale and edge definitions on predictive performance. In order to obtain a clear understanding of relative performance, there is a need for systematic comparison. In this study, we present a histogram-based approach to construct subject-wise weighted networks that enable a principled comparison across different methods of network analysis. We design several weighted networks based on three large publicly available datasets and perform a robust evaluation of their predictive power under four levels of separability. An interesting insight generated is that changes in nodal size (spatial scale) have no significant impact on predictive power among the three classification experiments and two disease cohorts studied, i.e., mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease from ADNI, and Autism from the ABIDE dataset. We also release an open source python package calledgraynetto enable others to implement the novel network feature extraction algorithm, which is applicable to other modalities as well (due to its domain- and feature-agnostic nature) in diverse applications of connectivity research. In addition, the findings from the ADNI dataset are replicated in the AIBL dataset using an open source machine learning tool calledneuropredict.
Species composition and environmental adaptation of indigenous Chinese cattle
Authors: Gao Yahui , Gautier Mathieu , Ding Xiangdong , Zhang Hao , Wang Yachun , Wang Xi , Faruque MD Omar , Li Junya , Ye Shaohui , Gou Xiao , Han Jianlin , Lenstra Johannes A. , Zhang Yi 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIndigenous Chinese cattle combine taurine and indicine origins and occupy a broad range of different environments. By 50K SNP genotyping we found a discontinuous distribution of taurine and indicine cattle ancestries with extremes of less than 10% indicine cattle in the north and more than 90% in the far south and southwest China. Model-based clustering andf4-statistics indicate introgression of both banteng and gayal into southern Chinese cattle while the sporadic yak influence in cattle in or near Tibetan area validate earlier findings of mitochondrial DNA analysis. Geographic patterns of taurine and indicine mitochondrial and Y-chromosomal DNA diversity largely agree with the autosomal cline. The geographic distribution of the genomic admixture of different bovine species is proposed to be the combined effect of prehistoric immigrations, gene flow, major rivers acting as genetic barriers, local breeding objectives and environmental adaptation. Whole-genome scan for genetic differentiation and association analyses with both environmental and morphological covariables are remarkably consistent with previous studies and identify a number of genes implicated in adaptation, which includeTNFRSF19,RFX4,SP4and several coat color genes. We propose indigenous Chinese cattle as a unique and informative resource for gene-level studies of climate adaptation in mammals.
Targetable genetic alterations ofTCF4(E2-2) drive immunoglobulin expression in the activated B-cell subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Jain Neeraj , Hartert Keenan , Tadros Saber , Fiskus Warren , Havranek Ondrej , John Ma Man-Chun , Bouska Alyssa , Heavican Tayla , Kumar Dhiraj , Deng Qing , Moore Dalia , Pak Christine , Liu Chih Long , Gentles Andrew , Hartmann Elena , Kridel Robert , Smedby Karin Ekstrom , Juliusson Gunnar , Rosenquist Richard , Gascoyne Randy D. , Rosenwald Andreas , Giancotti Filippo , Neelapu Sattva S. , Westin Jason , Vose Julie , Lunning Matthew , Greiner Timothy , Rodig Scott , Iqbal Javeed , Alizadeh Ash , Davis R. Eric , Bhalla Kapil , Green Michael R. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTThe activated B-cell (ABC) subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is characterized by the chronic activation of signaling initiated by immunoglobulin-μ (IgM). By analyzing DNA copy profiles of 1,000 DLBCLs, we identified gains of 18q21.2 as the most frequent genetic alteration in ABC-like DLBCL. We show that these alterations target theTCF4(E2-2) transcription factor, and that over-expression ofTCF4leads to its occupancy on immunoglobulin gene enhancers and increased expression of IgM at the transcript and protein level. TheTCF4gene is one of the top BRD4-regulated genes in DLBCL. Using a BET proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) we show that TCF4 and IgM expression can be extinguished, and ABC-like DLBCL cells can be killedin vitroandin vivo. This highlights a novel genetic mechanism for promoting immunoglobulin signaling in ABC-like DLBCL and provides a functional rationale for the use of BET inhibitors in this disease.
The global biogeography of amino acid variants within a single SAR11 population is governed by natural selection
Authors: Delmont Tom O. , Kiefl Evan , Kilinc Ozsel , Esen Özcan C. , Uysal Ismail , Rappé Michael S. , Giovannoni Stephen , Eren A. Murat 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe diversity and geographical distribution of populations within major marine microbial lineages are largely governed by temperature and its co-variables. However, neither the mechanisms by which genomic heterogeneity emerges within a single population nor how it drives the partitioning of ecological niches are well understood. Here we took advantage of billions of metagenomic reads to study one of the most abundant and widespread microbial populations in the surface ocean. We characterized its substantial amount of genomic heterogeneity using single-amino acid variants (SAAVs), and identified systematic purifying selection and adaptive mechanisms governing non-synonymous variation within this population. Our Deep Learning analysis of SAAVs across metagenomes revealed two main ecological niches that reflect large-scale oceanic current temperatures, as well as six proteotypes demarcating finer-resolved niches. We identified significantly more protein variants in cold currents and an increased number of protein sweeps in warm currents, exposing a global pattern of alternating genomic diversity for this SAR11 population as it drifts along with surface ocean currents. Overall, the geographic partitioning of SAAVs suggests natural selection, rather than neutral evolution, is the main driver of the evolution of SAR11 in surface oceans.
The Epstein-Barr Virus miR-BHRF1 microRNAs Regulate Viral Gene Expression incis
Authors: Poling Brigid Chiyoko , Price Alexander M. , Luftig Micah A. , Cullen Bryan R. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) miR-BHRF1 microRNA (miRNA) cluster has been shown to facilitate B-cell transformation and promote the rapid growth of the resultant lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs). However, we find that expression of physiological levels of the miR-BHRF1 miRNAs in LCLs transformed with a miR-BHRF1 null mutant (∆123) fails to increase their growth rate. We demonstrate that the pri-miR-BHRF1-2 and 1–3 stem-loops are present in the 3’UTR of transcripts encoding EBNA-LP and that excision of pre-miR-BHRF1-2 and 1–3 by Drosha destabilizes these mRNAs and reduces expression of the encoded protein. Therefore, mutational inactivation of primiR-BHRF1-2 and 1–3 in the ∆123 mutant upregulates the expression of not only EBNA-LP but also EBNA-LP-regulated mRNAs and proteins, including LMP1. We hypothesize that this overexpression causes the reduced transformation capacity of the ∆123 EBV mutant. Thus, in addition to regulating cellular mRNAs intrans, miR-BHRF1-2 and 1–3 also regulate EBNA-LP mRNA expression incis.HighlightsThe EBV miR-BHRF1 microRNAs do not up upregulate B cell growth intrans.EBNA-LP expression is downregulated by pri-miR-BHRF1-2 and 1–3 acting incis.Loss of miR-BHRF1-2 and 1–3 causes EBNA-LP overexpression and inhibits B cell growth.Novel alternative splicing of EBV Cp/Wp transcripts was identified.