bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Value of microRNA Signature in Patients with Gastric Cancers
Authors: Liu Hai-Ting , Wang Ya-Wen , Xing Ai-Yan , Shi Duan-Bo , Zhang Hui- , Guo Xiang-Yu , Xu Jing- , Gao Peng 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe occurrence of lymph node metastases (LNM) after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in patients with gastric cancer (GC) leads to poor prognosis. However, few biomarkers are available to predict LNM in GC patients. Thus, we measured expression of 6 cancer-related miRNAs using real-time RT-PCR in 102 GC samples that were randomized into a training set and a testing set (each, 51 cases). Using logistic regression, we identified 4-miRNA (miR-27b, miR-128, miR-100 and miR-214) signatures for predicting LNM in GC patients. Patients with high-risk scores for the 4-miRNA signature tended to have higher LNM than those with low-risk scores. Meanwhile, the ROC curve of the 4-miRNA signature was better for predicting LNM in GC patients. In addition, Cox regression analysis indicated that a 2-miRNA signature (miR-27b and miR-214) or a miR-214/N stage signature was predictive of survival for GC patients. This work describes a previously unrecognized 4-miRNA signature involved in LNM and a 2-miRNA signature or miR-214/N stage signature related to GC patients’ survival.
Does Zika virus infection affect mosquito response to repellents?
Authors: Leal Walter S. , Barbosa Rosângela M. R. , Zeng Fangfang , Faierstein Gabriel B. , Tan Kaiming , Paiva Marcelo H. S. , Guedes Duschinka R. D. , Crespo Mônica M. , Ayres Constância F. J. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that people travelling to or living in areas with Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreaks or epidemics adopt prophylactic measures to reduce or eliminate mosquito bites, including the use of insect repellents. It is, however, unknown whether repellents are effective against ZIKV-infected mosquitoes, in part because of the ethical concerns related to exposing a human subject’s arm to infected mosquitoes in the standard arm-in-cage assay. We used a previously developed, human subject-free behavioural assay, which mimics a human subject to evaluate the top two recommended insect repellents. Our measurements showed that DEET provided significantly higher protection than picaridin provided against noninfected, host-seeking females of the southern house mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus, and the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti. When tested at lower doses, we observed a significant reduction in DEET-elicited protection against ZIKV-infected yellow fever mosquitoes from old and recent laboratory colonies. The reduction in protection is more likely associated with aging than the virus infection and could be compensated by applying a 5x higher dose of DEET. A substantial protection against ZIKV-infected and old noninfected mosquitoes was achieved with 5% DEET, which corresponds approximately to a 30% dose in the conventional arm-in-cage assays.
Construction of a Cerebral Hemorrhage Test System Operated in Real-time
Authors: Li Gen , Sun Jian , Ma Ke , Yan Qingguang , Zheng Xiaolin , Qin Mingxin , Jin Gui , Ning Xu , Zhuang Wei , Feng Hua , Huang Shiyuwei 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe real-time monitoring and evaluation of the severity and progression of cerebral hemorrhage is essential to its intensive care and its successful emergency treatment. Based on magnetic induction phase shift technology combined with a PCI data acquisition system and LabVIEW software, this study established a real-time monitoring system for cerebral hemorrhage. To test and evaluate the performance of the system, the authors performed resolution conductivity experiments, salted water simulation experiments and cerebral hemorrhage experiments in rabbits and found that when the conductivity difference was 0.73 S/m, the phase difference was 13.196°. The phase difference change value was positively proportional to the volume of saline water, and the conductivity value was positively related to the phase difference of liquid under the same volume conditions. After injecting 3 mL blood into six rabbits, the average change in the blood phase difference was −2.03783 ± 0.22505°, and it was positively proportional to the volume of blood, which was consistent with the theoretical results. The results show that the system can monitor the progressive development of cerebral hemorrhage in real-time and has the advantages of low cost, small size, high phase accuracy, and good clinical application potentiality.
Kosten gesundheitlicher Versorgung contergangeschädigter Menschen – eine aktuelle Neubewertung
Authors: Lüngen Markus , Albus Christian , Niecke Alexander , Samel Christina , Pfaff Holger , Peters Klaus 
Published: February 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Folgekosten von unerwünschten Arzneimittelwirkungen werden meist mit kurzem Zeithorizont betrachtet. Im Fall der
Auswirkungen von Thalidomid (Contergan, reg.) kann geprüft werden, welches Ausmaß und welche Struktur Folgekosten auch 50 Jahre nach einem
Ereignis haben können.
Methode Erhoben wurden Daten von conterganbetroffenen Menschen in Nordrhein-Westfalen. In einer schriftlichen Befragung wurden Daten
zu Arbeitsfähigkeit und privaten Ausgaben erhoben. Ergänzend erfolgte eine Auswertung von Abrechnungsdaten der Krankenkassen, wobei eine
Gruppe „Extremitätenfehlbildungen“ mit einer altersgleichen Vergleichsgruppe eingesetzt wurde. Ausgewertet wurden Daten zur Inanspruchnahme
sowie zu Kosten aus Sicht der Gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung.
Ergebnisse In die Befragung eingeschlossen wurden 202 conterganbetroffene Menschen. Es zeigten sich erhebliche und individuell stark
schwankende persönliche Ausgaben, die häufig außerhalb einer Übernahme durch die Sozialversicherungen lagen. Auch wenn die Fehlzeiten eher
hoch liegen, hat die vorzeitige Beendigung der Erwerbstätigkeit ein vergleichsweise geringes Ausmaß. Insgesamt liegen die Kosten aus Sicht
der Krankversicherung bei Menschen mit Extremitätenfehlbildungen um 29 % höher als für eine altersgleiche Vergleichsgruppe (3038 Euro versus
2045 Euro pro Jahr).
Diskussion Unerwünschte Wirkungen von Arzneimitteln können nicht nur kurzfristig im Gesundheitswesen, sondern auch langfristig in der
Gesellschaft erhebliche Kosten verursachen. Die Contergankatastrophe ist dafür ein tragisches Beispiel. Neben der reinen Kostenbetrachtung
müssen auch mangelnder Zugang zu effektiven Therapien zur Abmilderungen der Folgen von unerwünschten Arzneimittelereignissen und der Verlust
des Vertrauens in die Gesundheitsversorgung thematisiert werden.
Monkeys choose as if maximizing utility compatible with basic principles of revealed preference theory
Authors: Pastor-Bernier Alexandre , Plott Charles R. , Schultz Wolfram 
Published: February 2017

Significance
Revealed preference theory scrutinizes utility maximization based on tradeoffs between goods. This notion concerns the transition from biological rewards (necessary for survival) to tradable economic goods (beneficial for welfare and evolutionary fitness). However, these assumptions have never been tested empirically in species closely related to humans, as would be necessary to infer a general biological mechanism. In this experiment, rhesus monkeys repeatedly chose between bundles of two goods. Their choice frequencies conformed to curves of equal choice frequency (indifference curves) and satisfied crucial consistency and axiomatic tests involving out-of-sample prediction from modeled indifference curves, transitivity, and axiomatic change of option set size. In satisfying stringent theoretical criteria, the data suggest the existence of well-structured preferences consistent with utility maximization.
Chemistry at the protein–mineral interface in L-ferritin assists the assembly of a functional (μ
3
-oxo)Tris[(μ
2
-peroxo)] triiron(III) cluster
Authors: Pozzi Cecilia , Ciambellotti Silvia , Bernacchioni Caterina , Di Pisa Flavio , Mangani Stefano , Turano Paola 
Published: February 2017

Significance
Iron is an essential element in biology but has limited bioavailability. Ferritins are 24-mer iron-storage nanocage proteins that concentrate iron in their inner compartment as a bioavailable iron oxide biomineral. In L-type subunits, abundant in ferritins from organs involved in long-term iron storage, the biomineralization has been proposed to proceed through nucleation events involving iron(II) oxidation at the inner cage surface. Here, we demonstrate the nature and structural features of these nucleation sites. Structures captured during iron uptake show that the formation of the iron biomineral proceeds via the assembly of a tri-nuclear iron cluster, anchored to the protein through glutamic acid side chains, and involving oxo and peroxo ligands that are produced during the iron(II) oxidation by dioxygen.
Satellite-based assessment of yield variation and its determinants in smallholder African systems
Authors: Burke Marshall , Lobell David B. 
Published: February 2017

Significance
Improvements in agricultural productivity in developing countries are thought to play a key role in poverty reduction. Unfortunately, such productivity remains poorly measured throughout much of the world, hampering efforts to evaluate and target productivity-enhancing interventions. Using high-resolution satellite imagery in combination with field data we collected from thousands of smallholder plots in Kenya, we show that satellite imagery can be used to estimate and understand yield variation at the field scale across African smallholders. Our results suggest a range of potential capabilities, including the inexpensive measurement of the impact of specific interventions, the broader characterization of the source and magnitude of yield gaps, and the development of financial products aimed at African smallholders.
Microfluidic droplet platform for ultrahigh-throughput single-cell screening of biodiversity
Authors: Terekhov Stanislav S. , Smirnov Ivan V. , Stepanova Anastasiya V. , Bobik Tatyana V. , Mokrushina Yuliana A. , Ponomarenko Natalia A. , Belogurov Alexey A. , Rubtsova Maria P. , Kartseva Olga V. , Gomzikova Marina O. , Moskovtsev Alexey A. , Bukatin Anton S. , Dubina Michael V. , Kostryukova Elena S. , Babenko Vladislav V. , Vakhitova Maria T. , Manolov Alexander I. , Malakhova Maja V. , Kornienko Maria A. , Tyakht Alexander V. , Vanyushkina Anna A. , Ilina Elena N. , Masson Patrick , Gabibov Alexander G. , Altman Sidney 
Published: February 2017

Significance
Biocompatible microfluidic double water-in-oil-in-water emulsion (MDE) enables in-droplet cultivation of different living species. The combination of droplet-generating machinery with FACS followed by next-generation sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the secretomes of encapsulated organisms yielded detailed genotype/phenotype descriptions. The MDE–FACS platform we developed enabled highly sensitive single-cell selection of predesigned activity and exploration of pairwise interactions between target and effector cells without interference from other microbiota species.
Egg white hydrolysate inhibits oxidation in mayonnaise and a model system
Authors: Kobayashi Hideaki , Sasahara Ryou , Yoda Shoichi , Kotake-Nara Eiichi 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The flavor deterioration of mayonnaise is induced by iron, which is released from egg yolk phosvitin under acidic conditions and promotes lipid oxidation. To prevent oxidative deterioration, natural components, rather than synthetic chemicals such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid have been required by consumers. In the present study, we evaluated the inhibitory effects of three egg white components with the same amino acid composition, namely egg white protein, hydrolysate, and the amino acid mixture, on lipid oxidation in mayonnaise and an acidic egg yolk solution as a model system. We found that the hydrolysate had the strongest inhibitory effect on lipid oxidation among the three components. The mechanism underlying the antioxidant effect was associated with Fe2+-chelating activity. Thus, egg white hydrolysate may have the potential as natural inhibitors of lipid oxidation in mayonnaise.
Capability for policy implementation
Authors: Andrews Matt , Pritchett Lant , Woolcock Michael 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Before one thinks about building capability for policy implementation, one should ask what policymaking actually involves and why it often fails. To assist in this understanding, we delineated the idea of “a policy” into four elements: the policy formula, the organizational process for determining facts, normative objectives, and the causal model. This delineation highlights two distinct ways in which a policy could fail to achieve its normative objectives: (1) the policy formula could be based on a wrong causal model; or (2) the policy could just not be implemented. Efforts to build state capability must focus on the gaps associated with the different types of failure (which could involve gaps related to the kinds of facts used in policymaking or the gaps associated with weak organization in the implementation process, among others). If one focuses on the wrong kind of gap, one could build capability that entrenches the capability gap festering in a specific context; eg, improved compliance capability will entrench the wrong solutions if the policy formula is based on a wrong model that introduces isomorphic thinking. The chapter gives readers opportunities to reflect on the way that policy is made in their own country, and to think about where capabilities need to be improved.
What type of organization capability is needed?
Authors: Andrews Matt , Pritchett Lant , Woolcock Michael 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
There are many differences in the nature and demands of the challenges facing governments. Take, for instance, the challenge of building schools as compared with that of building a cadre of teachers who actively teach children. We often see governments fail in addressing challenges because they do not realize this, or adjust their efforts at building capability to suit the challenge they are facing. The same tools are used to build schools and to establish teacher groups, for instance. This chapter offers a way of thinking about the differences in such challenges, which helps show where governments need to adapt their methods of engagement, policymaking, and reform. To do this, we delineate an analytical typology that uses four questions to classify tasks or activities into five types of organizational capability it requires. The latter are: policymaking/elite services, logistics, implementation-intensive delivery of services, implementation-intensive imposition of obligations, and wicked hard. We offer exercises that readers can use to classify their own challenges, and determine what type they face.
Building state capability at scale through groups
Authors: Andrews Matt , Pritchett Lant , Woolcock Michael 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
How does a policy entrepreneur find a new solution and scale it up when dealing with complexity? This is the subject we address here, which outlines a new way of thinking about scale and sustainability in respect of complex challenges and then focuses on the importance of building broad agency solutions to ensure multidimensional scaling and dynamic sustainability. The idea of multidimensional scaling (or 4-D scaling) reflects various ways in which policymakers could see progress in solving complex problems. The idea of dynamic sustainability suggests an adaptive way of thinking about sustainability (where improvements are made, consolidated, and improved upon; reflecting a progressive and adaptive expansion in capability—rather than the achievement of some apparent premature medium-term end point). We discuss ways to achieve such scaling and sustainability through broad agency, and close by reflecting on the importance of “you” (the reader) using such ideas to rethink how you work.
Cross-Reactivity of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine With DRI Amphetamine Immunoassay
Authors: Gomila Isabel , Quesada Loreto , López-Corominas Victoria , Fernández Julia , Servera Miguel Á. , Sahuquillo Laura , Dastis Macarena , Torrents Albert , Barceló Bernardino 
Published: February 2017

Background:
Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are medical drugs used to treat the chemoprophylaxis of malaria and a second-line anti-inflammatory drug.

Methods:
We performed a study of cross-reactivity of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in the DRI Amphetamine Assay inspired by a case report of a self-ingestion of chloroquine after a family dispute, that involved the following: (1) an in vitro study with control samples of healthy subjects, (2) an in vivo study with samples of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and (3) an evaluation of the cross-reactivity of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in 3 additional immunoassays.

Results:
In the case report, the Amphetamine DRI assay resulted positive both at 1000 ng/mL cutoff (1507 and 1137 ng/mL) and at 500 ng/mL cutoff (1178 and 642 ng/mL). Chloroquine urine levels were 103,900 and 100,900 ng/mL at 5 and 9 hours after ingestion. The results with control samples showed a positive cross-reactivity of chloroquine in the DRI Amphetamine Assay (approximately 0.74% and 0.89% at cutoff of 1000 and 500 ng/mL, respectively). Hydroxychloroquine did not cross-react with the DRI Amphetamine Assay up to 1,000,000 ng/mL. In patients treated with chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine, DRI Amphetamine did not produce false-positive results. The comparative assay study showed a positive cross-reactivity of chloroquine in the Emit II Plus Amphetamines Assay with control samples.

Conclusions:
Chloroquine can cause false-positive results in the DRI Amphetamine Assay when it is present at high concentrations. Hydroxychloroquine did not produce false-positive results neither in the DRI Amphetamine Assay nor in the others immunoassays evaluated.
PARS PLANA VITRECTOMY AND LENSECTOMY FOR ECTOPIA LENTIS WITH AND WITHOUT THE INDUCTION OF A POSTERIOR VITREOUS DETACHMENT
Authors: Singh Mandeep S. , Casswell Edward J. , Boukouvala Stavroula , Petrou Petros , Charteris David G. 
Published: February 2017

Purpose:
Posterior hyaloid removal during pars plana vitrectomy and lensectomy for ectopia lentis is commonly performed, but may increase the risk of intraoperative retinal breaks and postoperative retinal detachment. This study evaluated outcomes after pars plana vitrectomy and lensectomy with or without posterior hyaloid removal.

Methods:
This retrospective observational cohort study included ectopia lentis cases that underwent pars plana vitrectomy and lensectomy (2005–2014), with or without intraoperative induction of a posterior vitreous detachment (PVD). The primary outcome was postoperative retinal detachment. The secondary outcomes were the incidence of iatrogenic retinal breaks, and change in visual acuity.

Results:
Twenty-six cases were included. The posterior hyaloid was preserved intraoperatively in 11 cases (non-PVD group). In the remainder (15 cases), the vitreous was removed completely (PVD group). Postoperative retinal detachment occurred in 2 cases in each group (18.2% non-PVD vs.13.3% PVD, P = 0.7). Intraoperative breaks occurred more frequently in the PVD group (2 vs. 9 cases; P = 0.03). There was no difference in mean improvement in visual acuity (7 [PVD] vs. 3 [non-PVD] ETDRS lines; P = 0.2).

Conclusion:
The preservation of posterior hyaloid attachment during vitreolensectomy for ectopia lentis was associated with fewer iatrogenic retinal breaks. Postoperative retinal detachment did not seem to be influenced by the choice of surgical technique.
EFFECTS OF INTERNAL LIMITING MEMBRANE PEELING COMBINED WITH REMOVAL OF IDIOPATHIC EPIRETINAL MEMBRANE
Authors: Azuma Kunihiro , Ueta Takashi , Eguchi Shuichiro , Aihara Makoto 
Published: February 2017

Purpose:
To evaluate the effects on postoperative prognosis of internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling in conjunction with removal of idiopathic epiretinal membranes (ERMs).

Methods:
MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and EMBASE were systematically searched for studies that compared ILM peeling with no ILM peeling in surgery to remove idiopathic ERM. Outcome measures were best-corrected visual acuity, central macular thickness, and ERM recurrence. Studies that compared ILM peeling with no ILM peeling for the treatment of idiopathic ERM were selected.

Results:
Sixteen studies that included 1,286 eyes were selected. All the included studies were retrospective or prospective comparative studies; no randomized controlled study was identified. Baseline preoperative best-corrected visual acuity and central macular thickness were equal between ILM peeling and no ILM peeling groups. Postoperatively, there was no statistically significant difference in best-corrected visual acuity (mean difference 0.01 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution [equivalent to 0.5 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study letter]; 95% CI −0.05 to 0.07 [−3.5 to 2.5 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study letters]; P = 0.83) or central macular thickness (mean difference 13.13 μm; 95% CI −10.66 to 36.93; P = 0.28). However, the recurrence rate of ERM was significantly lower with ILM peeling than with no ILM peeling (odds ratio 0.25; 95% CI 0.12–0.49; P < 0.0001).

Conclusion:
Currently available evidence in the literature indicates that additional ILM peeling in vitrectomy for idiopathic ERM could result in a significantly lower ERM recurrence rate, but it does not significantly influence postoperative best-corrected visual acuity and central macular thickness.
Multimodal Assessment of Corneal Thinning Using Optical Coherence Tomography, Scheimpflug Imaging, Pachymetry, and Slit-Lamp Examination
Authors: Oatts Julius T. , Keenan Jeremy D. , Mannis Tova , Lietman Tom M. , Rose-Nussbaumer Jennifer 
Published: February 2017

Purpose:
To assess the relationship between corneal thinning measured by clinician-graded slit-lamp examination compared with ultrasound pachymetry (USP), anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT), and the Pentacam.

Methods:
Patients with corneal thinning underwent USP, AS-OCT, Pentacam measurements and standardized clinical grading by 2 cornea specialists estimating thinning on slit-lamp examination. Reproducibility of each testing modality was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient. Bland–Altman plots were used to determine precision and limits of agreement (LOA) between imaging modalities and clinical grading.

Results:
We included 22 patients with corneal thinning secondary to infectious or inflammatory keratitis. Mean percent stromal thinning estimated by grader 1 was 51% (SD 31) and grader 2 was 49% (SD 33). The intraclass correlation coefficient between the masked examiners was 0.95 (95% confidence interval, 0.88–0.98). Graders were more similar to each other than to any other modality with 2% difference and 4.6% of measurements outside the LOA. When measuring the area of maximum thinning, AS-OCT measured approximately 10% thicker than human graders while the Pentacam measured approximately 10% thinner than human graders with 16.7% outside the LOA. USP measured approximately 20% thinner than human graders with 5.6% outside the LOA.

Conclusions:
Trained corneal specialists have a high degree of agreement in location and degree of corneal thinning when measured in a standardized fashion on the same day. Other testing modalities had acceptable reproducibility and agreement with clinical examination and each other, although Scheimpflug imaging fared worse for corneal thinning, particularly in the periphery, than the other modalities.