bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transbronchial Cryobiopsy in Diffuse Lung Disease: Update for the Pathologist
Authors: Colby Thomas V. , Tomassetti Sara , Cavazza Alberto , Dubini Alessandra , Poletti Venerino 
Published: September 2016

Context.—
Transbronchial cryobiopsy has recently been proposed as an alternative to surgical biopsy in the diagnosis of diffuse lung disease.

Objective.—
To familiarize pathologists with transbronchial cryobiopsy, including what it is, how it is performed, how it compares to other techniques of lung biopsy in diffuse lung disease, what are the technical issues relating to it, what the complications are, how cryobiopsies should be interpreted, and the clinical usefulness of cryobiopsy.

Data Sources.—
All the available literature on cryobiopsy in diffuse lung disease through May 2016, primarily in the last 5 years, was reviewed, and some unpublished data known to the authors were included.

Conclusions.—
Cryobiopsies are considerably larger than forceps biopsies and allow pattern recognition approaching that of a surgical lung biopsy in many cases. Artifacts associated with cryobiopsy are minimal. In comparison with surgical lung biopsies, the diagnosis rate with cryobiopsies is lower, in the neighborhood of 80%, versus higher than 90% for surgical lung biopsies. Cryobiopsy is proposed as an alternative to surgical lung biopsy and a technique that may appreciably decrease the number of patients who require surgical lung biopsy for diagnosis. This is important because the mortality from cryobiopsy is very small (0.1% to date) compared with surgical lung biopsy (1.7% for elective procedures and considerably higher for nonelective procedures).
An Impediment to Personalized Medicine Commercialization is the Lack of Understanding of the Value of the Testing
Authors: Johnson Anthony 
Published: September 2016

Over the past 20 years there have been tremendous advancements in technology in areas such as imaging, medicinal chemistry, data integration, the digitization of medical records, computing power and yet the medical delivery model is largely unchanged. The healthcare community now has a treasure chest of new tools that should permit it to be much more proactive, effective and thus produce improved outcomes at lower costs. Personalized medicine (PM), also called Precision Medicine by some, is the category in which all of these new tools can be grouped. While there are a myriad of reasons such as legacy infrastructure, lack of incentives, costs of adopting new technologies, one of the major reasons, is the lack of understanding of the value of such testing by payers. Moving to a value based pricing model for diagnostic testing will increase adoption rate of PM, raise reimbursement rates for PM testing and improve quality of care at a lower cost for patients. The end result of this will be tests that have a demonstrated benefit in PM business models and result in the acceleration of commercialization.
Seasonal predictability of sea surface temperature anomalies over the Kuroshio‐Oyashio Extension: Low in summer and high in winter
Authors: Wu Yujie , Duan Wansuo , Rong Xinyao 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe seasonal predictability of sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) in the Kuroshio‐Oyashio Extension (KOE) is explored by performing perfect model predictability experiments from the viewpoint of initial error growth in a global coupled model. It is found that prediction errors of KOE‐SSTA always increase in the boreal summer and decrease in the boreal winter. This leads to smaller (larger) prediction errors and higher (lower) prediction skills in boreal winter (summer). This seasonal characteristic of the KOE‐SSTA error growth implies a season‐dependent predictability that is lower in summer and higher in winter. The mechanism responsible for error growth associated with seasonal predictability is also explored. The error increase in summer and error decrease in winter in the KOE‐SSTA are both largely attributed to the seasonal evolution of latent heat flux error and mean temperature advection by vertical current error in the KOE region, both of which are forced by the prediction error of 1 month leading zonal wind stress per unit mass for the mixed layer over the KOE region. The shallowest (deepest) mixed layer in summer (winter) amplifies (reduces) the forcing of zonal wind stress errors on the error growth of KOE‐SSTA, thereby causing the seasonal evolution of prediction errors of KOE‐SSTA and ultimately resulting in the season‐dependent predictability of the KOE‐SSTA, i.e., low in summer and high in winter.
Biogeochemical cycling in the Bering Sea over the onset of major Northern Hemisphere Glaciation
Authors: Swann George E. A. , Snelling Andrea M. , Pike Jennifer 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe Bering Sea is one of the most biologically productive regions in the marine system and plays a key role in regulating the flow of waters to the Arctic Ocean and into the subarctic North Pacific Ocean. Cores from Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 323 to the Bering Sea provide the first opportunity to obtain reconstructions from the region that extend back to the Pliocene. Previous research at Bowers Ridge, south Bering Sea, has revealed stable levels of siliceous productivity over the onset of major Northern Hemisphere Glaciation (NHG) (circa 2.85–2.73 Ma). However, diatom silica isotope records of oxygen (δ18Odiatom) and silicon (δ30Sidiatom) presented here demonstrate that this interval was associated with a progressive increase in the supply of silicic acid to the region, superimposed on shift to a more dynamic environment characterized by colder temperatures and increased sea ice. This concluded at 2.58 Ma with a sharp increase in diatom productivity, further increases in photic zone nutrient availability and a permanent shift to colder sea surface conditions. These transitions are suggested to reflect a gradually more intense nutrient leakage from the subarctic northwest Pacific Ocean, with increases in productivity further aided by increased sea ice‐ and wind‐driven mixing in the Bering Sea. In suggesting a linkage in biogeochemical cycling between the south Bering Sea and subarctic Northwest Pacific Ocean, mainly via the Kamchatka Strait, this work highlights the need to consider the interconnectivity of these two systems when future reconstructions are carried out in the region.
Transient forcing effects on mixing of two fluids for a stable stratification
Authors: Pool María , Dentz Marco , Post Vincent E. A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMixing and dispersion in coastal aquifers are strongly influenced by periodic temporal flow fluctuations on multiple time scales ranging from days (tides), seasons (pumping and recharge) to glacial cycles (regression and transgressions). Transient forcing effects lead to a complex space and time‐dependent flow response which induces enhanced spreading and mixing of dissolved substances. We study effective mixing and solute transport in temporally fluctuating one‐dimensional flow for a stable stratification of two fluids of different density using detailed numerical simulation as well as accurate column experiments. We quantify the observed transport behaviors and interface evolution by a time‐averaged model that is obtained from a two‐scale expansion of the full transport problem, and derive explicit expressions for the center of mass and width of the mixing zone between the two fluids. We find that the magnitude of transient‐driven mixing is mainly controlled by the hydraulic diffusivity, the period, and the initial interface location. At an initial time regime, mixing can be characterized by an effective dispersion coefficient and both the interface position and width evolve linearly in time. At larger times, the spatial variability of the flow velocity leads to a deceleration of the interface and a compression of its width, which is manifested by a subdiffusive evolution of its width as
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White matter hyperintensities, incident mild cognitive impairment, and cognitive decline in old age
Authors: Boyle Patricia A. , Yu Lei , Fleischman Debra A. , Leurgans Sue , Yang Jingyun , Wilson Robert S. , Schneider Julie A. , Arvanitakis Zoe , Arfanakis Konstantinos , Bennett David A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractObjectiveExamine the association of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) with risk of incident mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and rate of decline in multiple cognitive systems in community‐based older persons.MethodsParticipants (n = 354) were older persons initially free of cognitive impairment from two ongoing longitudinal epidemiologic studies of aging. All underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for quantification of WMH and gray matter volumes and detailed annual clinical evaluations including 17 cognitive tests. Proportional hazards models were used to examine the relationship between WMH and incident MCI, and mixed‐effects models were used to examine the relationship between WMH and decline in global cognition and five specific cognitive systems.ResultsDuring up to about 6 years of follow‐up (mean = 4.1), 106 (30% of 354) persons developed MCI. In a proportional hazards model adjusted for age, gender, and education, WMH volume was associated with a substantially increased risk of MCI (P < 0.001). Thus, a person with a high WMH volume (90th percentile) was about 2.7 times more likely to develop MCI compared to a person with a low volume (10th percentile). WMH volume also was associated with an increased rate of decline in global cognition (P < 0.001), perceptual speed, working memory, episodic memory, and semantic memory. Associations persisted after adjustment for total gray matter volume, vascular risk factors, and vascular diseases.InterpretationWMH contribute to the development of MCI and are associated with progressive decline in multiple cognitive systems in old age.
Preparation of open‐cell foams from polymer blends by supercritical CO2 and their efficient oil‐absorbing performance
Authors: Fang Yu‐Wei , Bao Jin‐Biao , Yan Hai‐Kuo , Sun Wei , Zhao Ling , Hu Guo‐Hua 
Published: September 2016

SignificanceThis letter reports on the hydrophobicity and oleophilicity of open‐cell foams from polymer blends prepared by supercritical CO2. A typical bulk density of the foam is measured to be 0.05 g/cm3. The contact angle of the foam with water is determined to be 139.2°. The foam can selectively absorb the diesel from water with the uptake capacity of 17.0 g/g. The foams are technologically promising for application of oil spill cleanup. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 4182–4185, 2016
DNA interaction, antimicrobial and molecular docking studies of biologically interesting Schiff base complexes incorporating 4‐formyl‐N,N‐dimethylaniline and propylenediamine
Authors: Packianathan Seemon , Kumaravel Ganesan , Raman Natarajan 
Published: September 2016

Four new transition metal complexes incorporating a Schiff base ligand derived from propylenediamine and 4‐formyl‐N,N‐dimethylaniline have been synthesized using transition metal salts. The characterization of the newly formed complexes was done from physicochemical parameters and using various techniques like 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, UV, electron paramagnetic resonance and mass spectroscopies, powder X‐ray diffraction and magnetic susceptibility. All the complexes were found to be monomeric in nature with square planar geometry. X‐ray powder diffraction illustrates that the complexes have a crystalline nature. The interaction of metal complexes with calf thymus DNA was investigated using UV–visible absorption, viscosity measurements, cyclic voltammetry, emission spectroscopy and docking analysis. The results indicate that the Cu(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) complexes interact with DNA by intercalative binding mode with optimum intrinsic binding constants of 4.3 × 104, 3.9 × 104, 4.7 × 104 and 3.7 × 104 M−1, respectively. These DNA binding results were rationalized using molecular docking in which the docked structures indicate that the metal complexes fit well into the A‐T rich region of target DNA through intercalation. The metal complexes exhibit an effective cleavage with pUC19 DNA by an oxidative cleavage mechanism. The synthesized ligand and the complexes were tested for their in vitro antimicrobial activity. The complexes show enhanced antifungal and antibacterial activities compared to the free ligand.
Phenome‐Wide Association Study of Rheumatoid Arthritis Subgroups Identifies Association Between Seronegative Disease and Fibromyalgia
Authors: Doss Jayanth , Mo Huan , Carroll Robert J. , Crofford Leslie J. , Denny Joshua C. 
Published: September 2016

ObjectiveThe differences between seronegative and seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have not been widely reported. We performed electronic health record (EHR)–based phenome‐wide association studies (PheWAS) to identify disease associations in seropositive and seronegative RA.MethodsA validated algorithm identified RA subjects from the de‐identified version of the Vanderbilt University Medical Center EHR. Serotypes were determined by rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti–cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (ACPA) values. We tested EHR‐derived phenotypes using PheWAS comparing seropositive RA and seronegative RA, yielding disease associations. PheWAS was also performed in RF‐positive versus RF‐negative subjects and ACPA‐positive versus ACPA‐negative subjects. Following PheWAS, select phenotypes were then manually reviewed, and fibromyalgia was specifically evaluated using a validated algorithm.ResultsA total of 2,199 RA individuals with either RF or ACPA testing were identified. Of these, 1,382 patients (63%) were classified as seropositive. Seronegative RA was associated with myalgia and myositis (odds ratio [OR] 2.1, P = 3.7 × 10−10) and back pain. A manual review of the health record showed that among subjects coded for Myalgia and Myositis, ∼80% had fibromyalgia. Follow‐up with a specific EHR algorithm for fibromyalgia confirmed that seronegative RA was associated with fibromyalgia (OR 1.8, P = 4.0 × 10−6). Seropositive RA was associated with chronic airway obstruction (OR 2.2, P = 1.4 × 10−4) and tobacco use (OR 2.2, P = 7.0 × 10−4).ConclusionThis PheWAS of RA patients identifies a strong association between seronegativity and fibromyalgia. It also affirms relationships between seropositivity and chronic airway obstruction and between seropositivity and tobacco use. These findings demonstrate the utility of the PheWAS approach to discover novel phenotype associations within different subgroups of a disease.
Morphological and transport characteristics of swollen chitosan‐based proton exchange membranes studied by molecular modeling
Authors: Bahlakeh Ghasem , Mahdi Hasani‐Sadrabadi Mohammad , Jacob Karl I. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractChitosan biopolymer has been extensively applied in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) as a potential replacement to conventional Nafion membrane for its considerably reduced methanol crossover. Here, we computationally explored the influences of methanol concentration, temperature, and pH parameters upon the nanostructure and dynamics, particularly the methanol crossover, in chitosan proton‐exchange membrane (PEM) through molecular dynamics simulations. Theoretical results demonstrated the increased swelling and radius of gyration of chitosan chains at higher concentrations. Structural examinations further revealed that an increase in methanol loading weakened the water interactions with chitosan functionalities (amineNH2, hydroxylOH, and methoxyCH2OH) whereas improved the methanol affinities toward chitosan, reflecting higher methanol sorption capability of chitosan at enhanced concentrations. Additionally, it was found that interactions between solvents and chitosan strengthened under acidic pH conditions on account of amine protonation. The water diffusivity inside the swollen chitosan diminished by increasing CH3OH uptake, and in contrast diffusivity of methanol was noted to enhance. Furthermore, it was observed that an enhancement in temperature or a decrease in pH intensified solvent mobility. These insights imply that supplying methanol‐concentrated and/or acidic feed solutions into DMFCs based on chitosan PEMs could lower membrane performance due to the significant methanol transport dynamics.
Histomorphological Phenotyping of the Adult Mouse Brain
Authors: Mikhaleva Anna , Kannan Meghna , Wagner Christel , Yalcin Binnaz 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis article describes a series of standard operating procedures for morphological phenotyping of the mouse brain using basic histology. Many histological studies of the mouse brain use qualitative approaches based on what the human eye can detect. Consequently, some phenotypic information may be missed. Here we describe a quantitative approach for the assessment of brain morphology that is simple and robust. A total of 78 measurements are made throughout the brain at specific and well‐defined regions, including the cortex, the hippocampus, and the cerebellum. Experimental design and timeline considerations, including strain background effects, the importance of sectioning quality, measurement variability, and efforts to correct human errors are discussed. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Islet Insulin Secretion Measurements in the Mouse
Authors: Hugill Alison , Shimomura Kenju , Cox Roger D. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis article describes detailed protocols for in vitro measurements of insulin function and secretion in isolated mouse islets for the analysis of glucose homeostasis. We specify a method of enzyme digestion and hand picking to isolate and release the greatest number of high quality islets from the pancreas of the mouse. We describe an effective method for generating dynamic measurements of insulin secretion using a perifusion assay including a detailed protocol for constructing a peristaltic pump and tubing assembly. In addition we describe an alternative and simple technique for measuring insulin secretion using static incubation of isolated islets. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Novel measures of continental‐scale avian migration phenology related to proximate environmental cues
Authors: Kelly Jeffrey F. , Horton Kyle G. , Stepanian Phillip M. , de Beurs Kirsten M. , Fagin Todd , Bridge Eli S. , Chilson Phillip B. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractRapid changes in seasonal avian migrations provide compelling examples of biotic response to climate change. Seasonal waves of land surface phenology and temperature are thought to be primary exogenous cues that migrants use to fine tune migration timing. Exploration of the role that these cues play in regulating migration timing requires better spatial, temporal, and taxonomic sampling than is typically available. We analyze weather surveillance radar (WSR) and eBird citizen science data in an effort to understand the macroscale relationships among migration phenology, seasonal waves of land surface phenology and seasonality of temperature. We demonstrate that both WSR and eBird data provide similar estimates of migration timing at local (within 100 km) and macro scales (>20° of latitude). These measures of avian phenology were positively correlated with spring temperatures and land surface phenology (extended spring index of first leaf date), which followed a south to north wave. Start‐of‐spring, estimated from a remotely sensed index of vegetation greenness, did not show the expected pattern from south to north and appears unlikely to be a useful exogenous migration cue within the study region. Future analyses of WSR and eBird data have the potential to provide high‐resolution phenology data that may be useful in understanding spatiotemporal dynamics of migration systems and the response of these systems to climate change.
Phenylazide Hybrid‐Silica – Polarization Platform for Dynamic Nuclear Polarization at Cryogenic Temperatures
Authors: Grüning Wolfram R. , Bieringer Harald , Schwarzwälder Martin , Gajan David , Bornet Aurélien , Vuichoud Basile , Milani Jonas , Baudouin David , Veyre Laurent , Lesage Anne , Jannin Sami , Bodenhausen Geoffrey , Thieuleux Chloé , Copéret Christophe 
Published: September 2016

Hyperpolarization of NMR‐active nuclei is key to gather high quality spectra of rare species and insensitive isotopes. We have recently established that silica‐based materials containing regularly distributed nitroxyl radicals connected to the silica matrix by flexible linkers can serve as promising polarization matrices for dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP). Here we investigate the influence of the linker on the efficiency of the polarization. The materials were fully characterized and exhibit high surface areas and narrow pore size distributions with a tunable amount of phenyl azide groups over a broad range of concentrations. The phenyl azide groups can be easily functionalized via a two‐step procedure with 4‐carboxy‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐1‐oxylpiperidine (TEMPO) to give polarizing matrices with controllable radical content. The DNP efficiency was found to be similar as in materials with flexible linkers, both for magic angle spinning at 105 K and dissolution DNP at 4 K.
Innovative Soil Fertility Management by Stakeholder Engagement in the Chókwè Irrigation Scheme (Mozambique)†
Authors: Sánchez‐Reparaz Maite , De Vente Joris , Famba Sebastião , Rollin Dominique , Dolinska Aleksandra , Rougier Jean‐Emmanuel , Tamele Higino Fabião , Barberá Gonzalo G. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAppropriate soil fertility management plays an important role in irrigated systems and can contribute to reducing the yield gap. To that end, abiotic, biotic, management and socio‐economic factors need to be considered and participatory approaches need to be implemented to ensure the sustainability of the interventions.Our objective is to analyse a participatory process conducted in the Chókwè Irrigation Scheme (Mozambique) to trigger agronomic innovation in soil fertility management.Through a method combining interviews with 31 farmers, soil sampling and the organization of communities of practice we studied actual agrarian practices and farmers' knowledge about soil fertility management as well as the social and physical context. This information was the basis for selecting an association in order to promote the innovation process. A participatory planning of the innovation test was conducted. The whole process was evaluated by farmers. Adoption of the majority of the practices is limited mainly by factors related to the socio‐economic status of farmers and not to the lack of knowledge. Farmers did not highly value the participatory process itself, but valued the learning‐by‐doing process and the collaboration with researchers. We consider that the approach increased collective learning and this process triggered the innovation dynamics. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dual functionalized poly(vinylidene fluoride) membrane with acryloylmorpholine and argatroban to improve antifouling and hemocompatibility
Authors: Xu Rui , Feng Qianqian , He Yang , Yan Fanyong , Chen Li , Zhao Yiping 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe present work aims to improve the antifouling properties and anticoagulation of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membrane by dual modification. An amphiphilic copolymer of PVDF‐g‐(polyacryloylmorpholine‐(polyacrylic acid)) [PVDF‐g‐(PACMO‐PAA)] was first prepared by the free radical copolymerization. Then argatroban, a commonly used anticoagulant, was successfully grafted to PVDF‐g‐(PACMO‐PAA). Finally the obtained copolymer was casted into a flat membrane via immersion phase inversion. The as‐prepared copolymer membranes show improved hydrophilicity, higher water flux and lower protein adsorption. Moreover, the hemolysis and coagulation tests for the dual functionalized PVDF membrane exhibit decreased hemolysis ratio, with prolonged plasma recalcification time, activated partial thromboplastin time and thrombin time. PVDF membrane incorporating PACMO and AG reveals an improved hemocompatibility, which has a good potential to be used in blood purification. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 178–188, 2017.