bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advanced Technique of Unilateral Biportal Endoscopy on Revision Surgery for Recurred Herniated Interverbral Disc: A Technical Note
Authors: Kim Hun-Chul , Lee Jin Young , Cho Hyeon Guk , Park Jeong Woo , Han Sang-Ho , Ko Young-Il 
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Revision surgery in the spine poses considerable challenges due to the presence of scar tissue and structural differences, necessitating careful surgical planning and precise techniques. In this technical note, we focus on lumbar unilateral biportal endoscopy (UBE) for single‐level reoperations, outlining principles and methods for handling soft tissue in such cases.Materials and Methods: We reviewed our surgical approach for lumbar reoperations with UBE, emphasizing the importance of meticulous preoperative planning and bone‐centered manipulation. Our technique involves utilizing biportal endoscopy for enhanced visualization and employing specific strategies for managing scar tissue, including the “pull‐and‐cut technique.” We present two illustrative cases to demonstrate the application of our method.Results: The described approach yielded successful outcomes in both cases presented. Case 1 involved a posterior interlaminar approach for a recurrent disc at the L4–5 level, while Case 2 utilized a far lateral approach for recurrent disc herniation at the L4–5 level. Both surgeries were completed with relatively short operation time, minimal blood loss, and immediate improvement in symptoms postoperatively.Conclusion: Lumbar UBE offers a promising option for safe and effective reoperation in spinal surgery. Our technique, emphasizing bone‐centered manipulation and specific strategies for scar tissue management, provides excellent visibility and enables precise tissue handling. Overall, UBE facilitates relatively simple and safe reoperations, contributing to improved patient outcomes in the challenging field of spinal surgery.
GALAD Score for the Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Validation Study in Ghanaian Patients
Authors: Nartey Yvonne Ayerki , Yang Ju Dong , Zemla Tyler J. , Ayawin Joshua , Asibey Shadrack Osei , El-Kassas Mohamed , Bampoh Sally Afua , Duah Amoako , Agyei-Nkansah Adwoa , Awuku Yaw Asante , Afihene Mary Yeboah , Yamada Hiroyuki , Yin Jun , Plymoth Amelie , Roberts Lewis R. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide including sub-Saharan Africa. The GALAD score, derived from Gender, Age, Lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive fraction of alpha fetoprotein, Alpha fetoprotein, and Des-carboxy-prothrombin, has high accuracy in diagnosing HCC in Asia, Europe, and North America; however, it has not been validated in an African cohort. The aim of this study was to assess the performance of the GALAD score in the diagnosis of HCC in sub-Saharan Africa. Clinical data from patients with cirrhosis (n = 93) or HCC (n = 78) from outpatient hepatology clinics at three teaching hospitals in Ghana were abstracted, and serum samples were analyzed. A logistic regression model predicting HCC status based on the GALAD score was constructed to obtain the ROC curve for GALAD. The AUC with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated. The median GALAD score was higher among patients with HCC versus cirrhosis controls (8.0 vs. −4.1, P &lt; 0.01). The AUC of the GALAD score for HCC detection was 0.86 (95% CI, 0.79–0.92). At a cut-off value of −0.37, the GALAD score had a sensitivity of 0.81 and a specificity of 0.86. The AUC (95% CI) was 0.87 (0.80–0.95) and 0.81 (0.67–0.94) in hepatitis B virus–positive and hepatitis B virus–negative patients, respectively. The GALAD score has a high accuracy for HCC detection. It has great potential to improve HCC surveillance in sub-Saharan Africa where imaging resources are limited.Significance: The GALAD score or its relevant modifications have the potential to aid in improving HCC surveillance efforts in low-resource settings in sub-Saharan Africa. This could enhance early detection rates of HCC and potentially improve survival rates in resource-limited settings.
Avifaunal diversity assessment and conservation significance of Therthangal Bird Sanctuary, Ramanathapuram, Tamil Nadu: insights about breeding waterbirds
Authors: Byju H. , H. Maitreyi  , N. Raveendran  , Vijayan Reshmi 
Published: September 2024

The study offers a comprehensive avifaunal diversity assessment within the Therthangal Bird Sanctuary (TBS) in the Ramanathapuram District of Tamil Nadu, India which was carried out from January 2021 to March 2023 consisting of two breeding seasons. We recorded 96 bird species of 18 orders and 44 families. Family representations by species were: Ardeidae 10, Accipitridae and Rallidae six each, Anatidae five, Alcedinidae, Cuculidae, Columbidae, Threskiornithidae, and Cisticolidae four each. Four globally ‘Near Threatened’ species (IUCN Red List) were reported: Oriental Darter Anhinga melanogaster, Black-headed Ibis Threskiornis melanocephalus, Asian Woolly-necked Stork Ciconia episcopus, and Spot-billed Pelican Pelecanus philippensis. Observed frequencies of species classes were: common (n = 58, 60%), uncommon (n = 28, 29%), and rare (n = 10, 10%). A majority of species were residents (n = 83, 86%), followed by winter visitors (n = 12, 12.5%), and a single passage migrant (Rosy Starling Pastor roseus). Of conservation significance is the finding that 23 of 40 waterbird species recorded in TBS were breeding on site. Maximum numbers of birds and nests were recorded in year 2, presumed to be due to better rainfall and water availability. The findings underscore the importance of TBS in providing bird habitat, and emphasise the need for its conservation, particularly in safeguarding breeding waterbirds habitat. This study provides baseline data essential for the management plan for the forest department of long-term conservation strategies.
Rap1A Modulates Store-Operated Calcium Entry in the Lung Endothelium: A Novel Mechanism Controlling NFAT-Mediated Vascular Inflammation and Permeability
Authors: Kosuru Ramoji , Romito Olivier , Sharma Guru Prasad , Ferraresso Francesca , Ghadrdoost Nakhchi Behshid , Yang Kai , Mammoto Tadanori , Mammoto Akiko , Kastrup Christian J. , Zhang David X. , Goldspink Paul H. , Trebak Mohamed , Chrzanowska Magdalena 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:
Store-operated calcium entry mediated by STIM (stromal interaction molecule)-1–Orai1 (calcium release-activated calcium modulator 1) is essential in endothelial cell (EC) functions, affecting signaling, NFAT (nuclear factor for activated T cells)-induced transcription, and metabolic programs. While the small GTPase Rap1 (Ras-proximate-1) isoforms, including the predominant Rap1B, are known for their role in cadherin-mediated adhesion, EC deletion of Rap1A after birth uniquely disrupts lung endothelial barrier function. Here, we elucidate the specific mechanisms by which Rap1A modulates lung vascular integrity and inflammation.

METHODS:
The role of EC Rap1A in lung inflammation and permeability was examined using in vitro and in vivo approaches.

RESULTS:

We explored Ca
2+
signaling in human ECs following siRNA-mediated knockdown of Rap1A or Rap1B. Rap1A knockdown, unlike Rap1B, significantly increased store-operated calcium entry in response to a GPCR (G-protein–coupled receptor) agonist, ATP (500 µmol/L), or thapsigargin (250 nmol/L). This enhancement was attenuated by Orai1 channel blockers 10 μmol/L BTP2 (N-[4-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]phenyl]-4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazole-5-carboxamide), 10 μmol/L GSK-7975A, and 5 μmol/L Gd
3+
. Whole-cell patch clamp measurements revealed enhanced Ca
2+
release-activated Ca
2+
current density in siRap1A ECs. Rap1A depletion in ECs led to increased NFAT1 nuclear translocation and activity and elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines (CXCL1 [C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1], CXCL11 [C-X-C motif chemokine 11], CCL5 [chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5], and IL-6 [interleukin-6]). Notably, reducing Orai1 expression in siRap1A ECs normalized store-operated calcium entry, NFAT activity, and endothelial hyperpermeability in vitro. EC-specific Rap1A knockout (Rap1A
iΔEC
) mice displayed an inflammatory lung phenotype with increased lung permeability and inflammation markers, along with higher Orai1 expression. Delivery of siRNA against Orai1 to lung endothelium using lipid nanoparticles effectively normalized Orai1 levels in lung ECs, consequently reducing hyperpermeability and inflammation in Rap1A
iΔEC
mice.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our findings uncover a novel role of Rap1A in regulating Orai1-mediated Ca
2+
entry and expression, crucial for NFAT-mediated transcription and endothelial inflammation. This study distinguishes the unique function of Rap1A from that of the predominant Rap1B isoform and highlights the importance of normalizing Orai1 expression in maintaining lung vascular integrity and modulating endothelial functions.
Some Observations on the Copying Practices of Scribe 5 of Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Tanner 10
Authors: Afros Elena 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The work of Scribe 5 (T5) of Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Tanner 10 (x1; T), the earliest extant witness to the Old English Bede (OEB), is generally described in negative terms: the script is labeled ugly and copying mechanical. The present article discusses the copying practices. It takes a comparative approach to punctuation and linguistic characteristics of T5’s stint. It shows that punctuation in T5’s stint is discourse- and content-based. In this segment of the text, T agrees with at least one other extant manuscript of the OEB on the placement of the punctus that signals the discourse chunks boundaries in 97% of instances, which means that this type of punctuation is inherited from a common ancestor. In contrast, the punctus that marks the noteworthy information is found only in T. Linguistic features likewise include archaic and dialectally-marked forms faithfully copied from the exemplar as well as contemporary and dialectally-unmarked ones attributable to T5. T5’s conservatism renders his work invaluable for reconstructing the antecedent copies of the OEB. His innovations shed light on the evolution of punctuation and the English language in the ninth-tenth centuries.
“What Is for Me Is Not for My Master”
Authors: Smith Chelsey R. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This article centers what provision grounds meant to and for Afro-Jamaican apprentice laborers, and it details the complicated nature of customary rights, which were under attack after abolition in 1834. Although the apprentices’ provision grounds did not belong to them legally, they believed this land was theirs by customary right. Maintaining provision grounds allowed some apprentices to increase their capital and carve out autonomous spaces. For others, provision grounds led to familial and communal disputes over land rights. Furthermore, this study highlights rights lost and gained for apprentices after abolition and emphasizes how apprentice laborers sometimes exercised their newfound right to file complaints against overseers to secure their customary rights. By evaluating the factors that encouraged and discouraged the careful cultivation of one’s grounds during apprenticeship, this article also evaluates the role that these grounds played in the wider Afro-Jamaican community forged on pens and plantations.
Zonally Asymmetric Increase in Southern Ocean Heat Content
Authors: Hague Mark , Münnich Matthias , Gruber Nicolas 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A zonally symmetric perspective has proven to be very useful in studying the key role of the Southern Ocean for global ocean heat uptake. Despite this, reconstructions of changes in Southern Ocean heat content ΔOHC over the past few decades have revealed substantial deviations from symmetry. Here, we investigate the zonal asymmetry of ΔOHC and the processes driving it for the period 1979–2019 using an eddy-permitting ocean model forced by atmospheric reanalysis (ERA5). We find that the model successfully reproduces the observed zonal asymmetry in ΔOHC and that it is primarily due to zonal asymmetries in changing surface fluxes. Zonal asymmetries in mean ocean circulation play an important secondary role. Factorial simulations are used to attribute the asymmetry in ΔOHC to the different surface flux components (wind stress, heat, and freshwater fluxes), revealing strong regional differences. North of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC), we find roughly equal contributions from changes in wind stress and surface heat flux. Within the ACC, all three forcings play an important role, while south of it only wind stress and freshwater flux changes are important. Our findings argue for full consideration of the three-dimensional circulation to understand heat uptake and storage in the Southern Ocean, especially when considering multidecadal time scales where natural variations are as important as the long-term warming trend.
Cystathionine-β-synthase expression correlates with tumour progression and adverse prognosis in patients with colon cancer
Authors: Hu Xiao-Jie , Sun Yun , Liu Guang-Jie , Zhang Juan , Zhang Li-Xiao , Peng Yan-Hui 
Published: September 2024

Objective To investigate the levels of cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) in colon cancer tissues compared with adjacent control tissues; and to examine the relationship between CBS level and clinical characteristics and prognosis. Methods This retrospective study enrolled patients with primary colon cancer. Paraffin-embedded specimens were used to create pathological tissue microarrays. Immunohistochemistry was performed on the microarray to detect the levels of CBS in colon cancer tissues and normal adjacent tissues. Analyses were undertaken to examine the relationship between the level of CBS and clinical characteristics and prognosis. Results A total of 216 patients (107 males and 109 females) were included in the study. The level of CBS in cancer tissues was found to be significantly increased compared with normal adjacent control tissues. There were significant differences in tumour location, tumour-node-metastasis stage and survival rate between the CBS-negative and CBS-positive groups. Positive CBS immunostaining was associated with decreased survival in colon cancer patients. The results of multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that tumour location and positive CBS immunostaining were independent prognostic factors for survival. Conclusion Positive CBS immunostaining was closely associated with colon cancer and high levels of CBS might accelerate tumour development and affect patient prognosis in colon cancer.
Reliability of the spot urine protein/creatinine ratio for assessing proteinuria in patients with renal disease
Authors: Huang Fengmei , Xie Xiaojie , Wang Manqin , Tong Xiaofang , Wu Ruiqi 
Published: September 2024

Objective This study aimed to assess the reliability of the spot urine protein/creatinine (sP/Cr) ratio for evaluating proteinuria across different ranges and renal functions. Methods In this retrospective study, we analyzed 24-hour urine protein excretion (24 h UP) and sP/Cr measurements in 216 patients with renal disease. Pearson correlation and Bland–Altman analyses were performed to evaluate the correlation and agreement between 24 h UP and the sP/Cr. Results The patients were categorized into the following three 24 h UP groups: 150 to 299 mg/24 hours, 300 to 3499 mg/24 hours, and >3500 mg/24 hours. Significant positive correlations were found between the sP/Cr and the first two 24 h UP groups (r = 0.9104 and r = 0.9721, respectively) but not between the third group (r = 0.3110). Bland–Altman analysis confirmed good agreement in the group with <3500 mg/day proteinuria. Estimated glomerular filtration rates ≥60 mL/minute and <60 mL/minute were significantly correlated with the sP/Cr (r = 0.8714 and r = 0.4516, respectively). Conclusion The sP/Cr ratio is a reliable indicator for non-nephrotic proteinuria, irrespective of renal function, but is unreliable for nephrotic-range proteinuria.
Cost of illness and labour market disaffiliation among patients with migraine discontinuing triptan treatment: A Danish nationwide register study from 1995 to 2021
Authors: Ashina Messoud , Steiner Timothy J. , Hansen Jakob Møller , Hauberg Daniel Sloth , Lønberg Ulla Sofie , Spanggaard Maria , Olsen Jens , Stallknecht Sandra Elkjær , Hansen Thomas Folkmann 
Published: September 2024

Background Migraine presents significant health and economic challenges. Despite the widespread use of triptans, some patients discontinue them because of insufficient relief or adverse effects. Using national registers, the present study investigates the excess costs and labour market disaffiliation of Danish patients discontinuing triptan treatment. Methods The study included all individuals ≥18 years (“patients”) who discontinued redemption of triptan prescriptions between 1998 and 2019. They were categorized by number of distinct triptans redeemed before discontinuation: one, two or three or more. A control group was established from the general population without triptan redemptions, three per patient, matched by year of birth, sex and region of residence. We estimated excess direct and indirect costs from 5 years prior (“year −5”) to 10 years post (“year 10”) the first triptan redemption. Results We identified 211,026 patients who discontinued triptan redemption, 82% after one, 14% after two and 4% after three or more distinct triptans. Over the period from year −5 to year 10, average excess healthcare costs per patient in these cohorts were EUR 9,554, EUR 10,942 and EUR 12,812 respectively. Over the same period, these patients earned EUR 27,964, EUR 35,920 and EUR 50,076 less than their respective controls, and received higher public transfer payments of EUR 20,181, EUR 23,264 and EUR 26,459. Conclusions Triptan discontinuers, who appear to have exhausted all current treatment avenues, face high direct and very high indirect excess costs attributable to migraine, and experience substantial increased labour market disaffiliation.
Posterior Glenoid Bone Grafting in the Setting of Excessive Glenoid Retroversion Does Not Provide Adequate Stability in a Cadaveric Posterior Instability Model
Authors: Ernstbrunner Lukas , Paszicsnyek Alexander , Ker Andrew M. , Waltenspül Manuel , Bachmann Elias , Wieser Karl , Bouaicha Samy , Borbas Paul 
Published: September 2024

Background: Excessive glenoid retroversion is a known risk factor for posterior shoulder instability and failure after soft tissue stabilization procedures. Whether excessive glenoid retroversion is a risk factor for failure after posterior glenoid bone grafting is unknown. Purpose: To evaluate the biomechanical effectiveness of posterior iliac crest bone grafting (ICBG) for posterior shoulder instability with increasing glenoid retroversion. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Six fresh-frozen cadaveric shoulders had a posterior glenoid osteotomy allowing the glenoid retroversion to be set at 0°, 10°, and 20°. At these 3 preset angles, 4 conditions were simulated consecutively on the same specimen: (1) intact glenohumeral joint, (2) posterior Bankart lesion, (3) 20% posterior glenoid bone defect, and (4) posterior ICBG. Stability was evaluated in the jerk position (60° of glenohumeral anteflexion, 60° of internal rotation) by measuring (A) posterior humeral head (HH) translation (in mm) and (B) peak translational force (in N) necessary for translation of the HH over 25% of glenoid width. Results: At 0° of retroversion, the ICBG restored posterior HH translation and peak translational force to values comparable with those of the intact condition ( P = .649 and P = .979, respectively). At 10° of retroversion, the ICBG restored the peak translational force to a value comparable with that of the intact condition (22.3 vs 24.7 N, respectively; P = .418) but showed a significant difference in posterior HH translation in comparison to the intact condition (4.5 vs 2.0 mm, respectively; P = .026). There was a significant increase in posterior HH translation and significant decrease in peak translational force with the ICBG at 20° of glenoid retroversion compared with the intact condition (posterior HH translation: 7.9 vs 2.0 mm, respectively; P < .006; peak translational force: 15.3 vs 24.7 N, respectively; P = .014). Conclusion: In this cadaveric study, posterior ICBG was able to restore stability to a level comparable to that of the native condition at 0° and to some extent at 10° of retroversion. However, posterior ICBG was not able to provide adequate stability at 20° of glenoid retroversion. Clinical Relevance: Posterior glenoid bone grafting with ICBG should be used with caution when performed in isolation in the setting of posterior instability associated with glenoid bone loss and combined glenoid retroversion of >10°.
Sexual and domestic violence enquiry: A national exploratory survey of asking and telling in sexual health services in the UK
Authors: Meyrick Jane , Bennett Amy , McGovern Kyle , Kite Charlotte 
Published: September 2024

Background Gender-based violence in the form of domestic and sexual abuse represent a worldwide public health and civil rights issue. Healthcare and sexual health have a central role to play in prevention, particularly in the identification of sexual and domestic violence/abuse within a frontline service in which it often presents. Survivors of sexual violence and abuse commonly pass through sexual health services without being asked about their victimisation. Healthcare should be able to identify survivors, provide first line support, refer to specialist services and link to comprehensive post assault care. Methods In the first joint study of its kind, the Univeristy of the West of England worked with the British Association for Sexual Health and HIV (BASHH) and their Sexual Violence Specialist Interest Group (SVSIG). We report the findings of a snapshot, non-probability, exploratory survey of current comparative sexual and domestic violence/abuse enquiry practice in Genito Urinary Medicine services across the UK. Results Sixty-two responding services evidenced variable practice around asking, collating data, referral, training and staff supervision. Conclusions This benchmarking study of practice in the UK sets a bar against which all services can measure and improve current practice on gender-based violence identification, a crucial role of sexual health services in reducing the inequalities driven harm of undisclosed trauma.
Emergency Interruption of the Inferior Vena Cava: A Debatable Issue
Authors: Ricco J.B. , Bouin-Pineau M.H. , Camiade C. , Blecha L.M. , Reynaud P. , Faroy F. , Marchand C. 
Published: September 2024

In spite of improvements in the diagnosis and treatment of thromboembolic disease, pulmonary embolism continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Anticoagulation remains the preferred therapy for deep venous thrombosis; however, this form of treatment is either ineffective or contraindicated for some patients. For these patients, partial interruption of the inferior vena cava via percutaneous filter placement has become the procedure of choice to protect against fatal pulmonary embolism. We described in this paper results obtained with the available permanent filters and complications of these filters described in the literature. We highlighted the interest of temporary filters in patients whose thromboembolic risk is temporary, finally we insist on recognised indications for vena cava filters when anticoagulation is contraindicated or ineffective.
Endovascular Repair Using Vein-Covered Stents in the Carotid Artery Bifurcation
Authors: Martin J.B. , Bednarkiewicz M. , Christenson J.T. , Rüfenacht D.A. 
Published: September 2024

The treatment of a bleeding carotid artery pseudoaneurysm in a patient using endovascular repair is described. Vein-covered stents were successfully employed. There were no neurological complications and no recurrent bleeding during 8 months follow up and carotid artery continuity was achieved. Stents covered with saphenous vein may be considered a treatment option for endovascular repair of pseudoaneurysm of the carotid artery.