bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Undergraduate musculoskeletal ultrasound training based on current national guidelines—a prospective controlled study on transferability
Authors: Weimer Andreas , Recker Florian , Vieth Thomas , Buggenhagen Holger , Schamberger Christian , Berthold Rainer , Berthold Svenja , Stein Stephan , Schmidmaier Gerhard , Kloeckner Roman , Neubauer Ricarda , Müller Lukas , Weinmann-Menke Julia , Weimer Johannes 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) is integral to routine clinical diagnostics for musculoskeletal and joint disorders. This study aims to establish and validate a sonography course tailored to undergraduate medical students acquiring MSUS-specific skills at a German university.

Methods
A blended learning training concept, comprising 24 instruction sessions of 45 min each, was designed based on the current national guidelines of the German Society for Ultrasound in Medicine (DEGUM). This program was integrated into the clinical phase of the undergraduate students’ medical education. The self-perceived improvement in competency and the effectiveness of the course design were evaluated using a a 7-point Likert scale questionnaire. Objective learning success was evaluated via a written test and a “Direct Observation of Practical Skills” practical exam. Control groups included medical students without MSUS training (control group 1) and doctors who had completed DEGUM-certified basic MSUS courses (control group 2). Both control groups completed the written test, while control group 2 also took the practical final exam. The study involved 146 participants: 56 were allocated to the study group, 44 to control group 1, and 46 to control group 2.

Results
The study group rated their skills significantly higher after the course (p < 0.01). Participants expressed high satisfaction with the course design, the teaching materials, and the teachers. The study group's performance on the final written test was comparable to those of control group 2 (p = 0.06) and significantly superior to control group 1 (p < 0.001). Additionally, the study group’s performance on the practical final exam was not significantly different from control group 2 (p = 0.28), with both groups achieving scores exceeding 80%.

Conclusion
Both subjective and objective measures of learning suggest that an MSUS course designed for postgraduates can be effectively adapted for undergraduate medical students. Incorporating MSUS training into the clinical curriculum is recommended to enhance future medical professionals' educational experience and practical skills.
Seasonal stability of the rumen microbiome contributes to the adaptation patterns to extreme environmental conditions in grazing yak and cattle
Authors: Guo Wei , Zhou Mi , Li Fuyong , Neves André Luis Alves , Ma Tao , Bi Sisi , Wang Weiwei , Long Ruijun , Guan Le Luo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
The rumen microbiome plays an essential role in maintaining ruminants’ growth and performance even under extreme environmental conditions, however, which factors influence rumen microbiome stability when ruminants are reared in such habitats throughout the year is unclear. Hence, the rumen microbiome of yak (less domesticated) and cattle (domesticated) reared on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau through the year were assessed to evaluate temporal changes in their composition, function, and stability.

Results
Rumen fermentation characteristics and pH significantly shifted across seasons in both cattle and yak, but the patterns differed between the two ruminant species. Ruminal enzyme activity varied with season, and production of xylanase and cellulase was greater in yak compared to cattle in both fall and winter. The rumen bacterial community varied with season in both yak and cattle, with higher alpha diversity and similarity (beta diversity) in yak than cattle. The diversity indices of eukaryotic community did not change with season in both ruminant species, but higher similarity was observed in yak. In addition, the similarity of rumen microbiome functional community was higher in yak than cattle across seasons. Moreover, yak rumen microbiome encoded more genes (GH2 and GH3) related to cellulose and hemicellulose degradation compared to cattle, and a new enzyme family (GH160) gene involved in oligosaccharides was uniquely detected in yak rumen. The season affected microbiome attenuation and buffering values (stability), with higher buffering value in yak rumen microbiome than cattle. Positive correlations between antimicrobial resistance gene (dfrF) and CAZyme family (GH113) and microbiome stability were identified in yak, but such relationship was negatively correlated in cattle.

Conclusions
The findings of the potential of cellulose degradation, the relationship between rumen microbial stability and the abundance of functional genes varied differently across seasons and between yak and cattle provide insight into the mechanisms that may underpin their divergent adaptation patterns to the harsh climate of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. These results lay a solid foundation for developing strategies to maintain and improve rumen microbiome stability and dig out the potential candidates for manufacturing lignocellulolytic enzymes in the yak rumen to enhance ruminants’ performance under extreme environmental conditions.
Risk stratification in breast screening workshop
Authors: Anderson Andrew , Visintin Cristina , Antoniou Antonis , Pashayan Nora , Gilbert Fiona J. , Hackshaw Allan , Bhatt Rikesh , Hill Harry , Wright Stuart , Payne Katherine , Rogers Gabriel , Shinkins Bethany , Taylor-Phillips Sian , Given-Wilson Rosalind 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPopulation screening for breast cancer (BC) is currently offered in the UK for women aged 50 to 71 with the aim of reducing mortality. There is additional screening within the national programme for women identified as having a very high risk of BC. There is growing interest in further risk stratification in breast screening, which would require a whole population risk assessment and the subsequent offer of screening tailored to the individual’s risk. Some women would be offered more intensive screening than others or no screening. This might provide a better balance of screening benefits and harms for each individual than the current population age-based programme alone. The UK National Screening Committee (UK NSC) is considering using decision-analytic and other models to evaluate different risk stratification screening strategies and identify remaining gaps in evidence. This paper reports the proceedings of a UK NSC workshop where experts in the field discussed both risk prediction models, as well as decision-analytic models providing a benefit-harm analysis/economic evaluation of risk-stratified screening programmes (see Table 1). The aim of the meeting was to present and discuss the current work of experts, including some data which had not been published at the time of the meeting, to inform the UK NSC. The workshop was not intended to present a balanced evaluation of how to deliver screening in future. Areas for further work identified included methods for comparing models to assess accuracy, the optimum risk assessment tools, the digital screening infrastructure, acceptability of stratification, choice of screening test and reducing inequalities. A move to risk stratification of the whole programme would require a careful phased introduction with continuing assessment of real-world evidence during deployment.
The deficient CLEC5A ameliorates the behavioral and pathological deficits via the microglial Aβ clearance in Alzheimer’s disease mouse model
Authors: Lin Yu-Yi , Chang Wen-Han , Hsieh Shie-Liang , Cheng Irene Han-Juo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that causes cognitive dysfunction in older adults. One of the AD pathological factors, β-Amyloid (Aβ), triggers inflammatory responses and phagocytosis of microglia. C-type lectin domain family 5 member A (CLEC5A) induces over-reactive inflammatory responses in several virus infections. Yet, the role of CLEC5A in AD progression remains unknown. This study aimed to elucidate the contribution of CLEC5A to Aβ-induced microglial activation and behavioral deficits.

Methods
The AD mouse model was crossed with Clec5a knockout mice for subsequent behavioral and pathological tests. The memory deficit was revealed by the Morris water maze, while the nociception abnormalities were examined by the von Frey filament and hotplate test. The Aβ deposition and microglia recruitment were identified by ELISA and immunohistochemistry. The inflammatory signals were identified by ELISA and western blotting. In the Clec5a knockdown microglial cell model and Clec5a knockout primary microglia, the microglial phagocytosis was revealed using the fluorescent-labeled Aβ.

Results
The AD mice with Clec5a knockout improved Aβ-induced memory deficit and abnormal nociception. These mice have reduced Aβ deposition and increased microglia coverage surrounding the amyloid plaque, suggesting the involvement of CLEC5A in AD progression and Aβ clearance. Moreover, the phagocytosis was also increased in the Aβ-stressed Clec5a knockdown microglial cell lines and Clec5a knockout primary microglia.

Conclusion
The Clec5a knockout ameliorates AD-like deficits by modulating microglial Aβ clearance. This study implies that targeting microglial Clec5a could offer a promising approach to mitigate AD progression.
Development will (try to) find its way: a qualitative study of Chilean adolescent mental health during and after lockdown
Authors: Espinoza Camila , Canessa Florencia , van der Veek Shelley , Alink Lenneke , van der Voort Anja 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a well-evidenced impact on adolescents, who are especially sensitive to pandemic disruptions given the critical role of socialization in their development. In Chile too, evidence shows increases in mental health complaints among adolescents over the lockdown period. Our study aimed at exploring the experiences of Chilean adolescents regarding their mental health during the lockdown and school closure (March 2020-December 2021), and during the return to on-site education (2022) as informed by adolescents and school staff, with a focus on family, school, and social sources of risk and support for adolescents’ wellbeing during these periods.

Methods
Using a qualitative approach, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 19 adolescents and 16 staff members from schools in an urban area of Chile.

Results
Through thematic analysis, we generated five themes: [1] Adolescents in a mental health crisis, comprising a range of distressing experiences and mental health problems. This crisis was fueled by alterations in the functioning of adolescents’ systems: [2] Broken support systems (peers and school); [3] The school agenda must go on, reflecting schools’ strict compliance with the educational curriculum; and [4] Blurred boundaries between home and school life and within the family. Finally [5], Development will (try to) find its way describes how most participants experienced a bouncing back to wellbeing in the course of the school year upon return, and how some developmental milestones took place despite the abnormal conditions, providing evidence for resilience amid pandemic adversity.

Conclusions
The findings give insight into how the exchanges between the adolescent and the social systems they are embedded in were interfered. The results help us understand the challenges for mental health during and after the pandemic, and highlight adolescents’ capacity to thrive as normality was restored. The results also underscore the importance of upholding stability across adolescents’ systems and routines, in order to mitigate impacts on wellbeing amid abnormal circumstances. The findings are relevant for development-informed initiatives in policy design in the aftermath of the pandemic and in future crisis management responses.
Predictive value of tumor microenvironment on pathologic response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas
Authors: Guegan Jean Philippe , El Ghazzi Nathan , Vibert Julien , Rey Christophe , Vanhersecke Lucile , Coindre Jean Michel , Toulmonde Maud , Spalato Ceruso Mariella , Peyraud Florent , Bessede Alban , Italiano Antoine 
Published: October 2024

AbstractUndifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas (UPS) represent a prevalent and aggressive subtype of soft tissue sarcomas (STS) in adults. Despite advancements in loco regional treatments, many patients with high grade STS, including UPS, develop metastatic disease. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is a standard approach to mitigate this risk, but response variability necessitates refined patient selection strategies. This study investigated the correlation between UPS microenvironment and neoadjuvant chemotherapy response in resectable UPS. The NEOSARCOMICS study (NCT02789384) enrolled patients with resectable STS from six sarcoma centers in France. Patients received anthracycline based chemotherapy, followed by surgery. Histological response, gene expression profiling, and multiplex immunohistofluorescence were performed on baseline and post treatment tumor samples. Plasma proteomics was analyzed to identify biomarkers. Good responders to neoadjuvant chemotherapy showed enrichment in genes related to stemness and cell cycle regulation, while poor responders exhibited immune related gene enrichment. Proteomic profiling revealed immune pathway activation and downregulation of cell cycle pathways in non responders. Despite being associated with a good prognosis, high immune infiltration, particularly of CD8 + T cells and CD20 + B cells, predicts a poor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in UPS, suggesting the need for alternative therapeutic strategies for patients with inflamed UPS.Ongoing clinical trials are exploring the efficacy of combining chemotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors to improve outcomes.
Infectious etiology of intussusception in Indian children less than 2 years old: a matched case-control analysis
Authors: Praharaj Ira , Reddy Samarasimha Nusi , Nair Nayana Prabhakaran , Tate Jacqueline Elizabeth , Giri Sidhartha , Thiyagarajan Varunkumar , Mohan Venkata Raghava , Revathi Rajendiran , Maheshwari Kalaivanan , Hemavathy Priya , Kumar Nirmal , Gupte Mohan Digambar , Arora Rashmi , Senthamizh Sowmiya , Mekala Suhasini , Goru Krishna Babu , Pamu Padmalatha , Badur Manohar , Pradhan Subal , Dash Mrutunjay , Mohakud Nirmal Kumar , Ray Rajib Kumar , Gathwala Geetha , Gupta Madhu , Kanojia Ravi , Gupta Rajkumar , Goyal Suresh , Sharma Pramod , Mathew Mannancheril Abraham , Kochukaleekal Jacob Tarun John , Sundaram Balasubramanian , Girish Kumar Chethrapilly Purusothaman , Dorairaj Priyadarshini , Pitchumani Ramasubramaniam , Maniam Raghul , Kumaravel Sambandan , Jain Hemant , Goswami Jayanta Kumar , Wakhlu Ashish , Gupta Vineeta , Liu Jie , Houpt Eric R. , Parashar Umesh D. , Kang Gagandeep 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Enteric infections are hypothesized to be associated with intussusception in children. A small increase in intussusception following rotavirus vaccination has been seen in some settings. We conducted post-marketing surveillance for intussusception following rotavirus vaccine, Rotavac introduction in India and evaluated association of intussusception with enteric pathogens.

Methods
In a case-control study nested within a large sentinel hospital-based surveillance program in India, stool samples from 272 children aged less than 2 years admitted for intussusception and 272 age-, gender- and location-matched controls were evaluated with Taqman array card based molecular assays to detect enteric viruses, bacterial enteropathogens and parasites. Matched case-control analysis with conditional logistic regression evaluated association of enteropathogens with intussusception. Population attributable fractions (PAF) were calculated for enteropathogens significantly associated with intussusception.

Results
The most prevalent enteropathogens in cases and controls were enteroaggregative Escherichia coli, adenovirus 40/41, adenovirus C serotypes and enteroviruses. Children with intussusception were more likely to harbor adenovirus C serotypes (adjusted odds-ratio (aOR) = 1.74; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06–2.87) and enteroviruses (aOR = 1.77; 95% CI 1.05–2.97) than controls. Rotavirus was not associated with increased intussusception risk. Adenovirus C (PAF = 16.9%; 95% CI 4.7% − 27.6%) and enteroviruses (PAF = 14.7%; 95% CI 4.2% − 24.1%) had the highest population attributable fraction for intussusception.

Conclusion
Adenovirus C serotypes and enteroviruses were significantly associated with intussusception in Indian children. Rotavirus was not associated with risk of intussusception.
An adaptive parameter-free seismic data denoising approach by combining general cross-validation thresholding and pixel connectivity in synchrosqueezed domain
Authors: Zeng Zhiyi , Han Peng , Zhang Wei , Zhou Yong , Deng Xubiao , Zhang Da , Shi Yaqian , Chang Ying , Ji Hu , Dai Rui , Zhang Jianzhong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHigh signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) seismic waveform data are conductive to various studies in seismology. Seismic denoising aims to enhance SNR by eliminating additive noise through signal processing while preserving important features of the seismic signal. Conventional parametric seismic denoising methods often require selecting appropriate parameters to achieve optimal results, which may be limiting when dealing with various types and scales of seismic data. Here, we develop an adaptive parameter-free denoising method by combining general cross-validation (GCV) thresholding and pixel connectivity in synchrosqueezed (SS) domain. In this denoising framework, the synchrosqueezed continuous wavelet transform (SS-CWT) is first applied to obtain a high-resolution time–frequency representation. Then, the GCV approach, which allows for choosing the (nearly) optimal threshold without relying on any prior knowledge about the noise level, is employed to attenuate most of the low-energy noise. After that, the relatively isolated high-energy residual noise remaining in the SS-CWT spectrum is removed using pixel connectivity thresholding. Finally, the inverse SS-CWT is applied to the thresholded spectrum to obtain the denoised seismic record. As the thresholds for GCV and pixel connectivity are derived from the spectrum characteristics of the data being analyzed, the proposed denoising approach is highly adaptive and parameter-free. We demonstrate the effectiveness and versatility of the proposed denoising framework using synthetic data and real seismic data from diverse monitoring scenarios, including land, ocean, and emerging distributed acoustic sensing (DAS). The results indicate that the method is a stable and efficient tool for seismic data denoising.
Graphical Abstract
Analytical microscopy techniques using coaxial and oblique illuminations to detect thin glass particulates generated from glass vials for parenteral drug products
Authors: Sanni Adedayo M. , Opalade Adedamola A. , Shamirian Armen , Mattson Spencer , Driscoll Eric , St. Martin Michael , Mohan Shikhar , Trimmer Brooke , Bunch Tarq , Ovadia Robert , Yoon Jungjoo , Ma Sarina , Foti Chris 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGlass vials are the most widely used primary containers for the packaging of parenteral products due to their optical clarity, general inertness, and hermetic properties, but under certain circumstances, they can pose safety concerns. Most of these issues are related to the potential formation of glass particulates through delamination or precipitation, resulting from the chemical interaction between the drug product and the inner surface of the glass vial. Hence, it is imperative for pharmaceutical companies to conduct product-vial compatibility studies to determine the appropriate packaging/container closure system. To support this development activity, scientists need to develop analytical methods to detect subvisible glass particulates in parenteral products, along with the appropriate positive controls, to facilitate detection and identification. This paper outlines the utilization of coaxial/episcopic and oblique illumination microscopy, combined with spectroscopic techniques, to detect thin glass particulates generated from a modified procedure. It also showcases the importance of angle-dependent lighting in visualizing positive control samples containing thin glass particulates. The analytical microscopy techniques discussed in this paper can assist scientists in selecting suitable container closure systems for developing parenteral products.
Smartphone Magnetometers for Assessing Programmable Shunt Valve Settings: A Proof-of-Concept Study
Authors: McCoy Carlie , Patel Smruti K. , Skoch Jesse 
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Programmable shunt valves (PSVs) used to treat hydrocephalus require specialized valve-specific devices that determine their setting. However, these devices are typically only accessible in major medical centers. This study explores the feasibility of using smartphone magnetometers to assess PSV settings.

METHODS:
We investigated 2 PSVs, the Codman Certas Plus and Medtronic Strata II, using 3 different smartphones. Free open-source software was used to measure magnetic flux densities of the shunts, and PSV-specific algorithms were developed to interpret these measurements. All measurements were performed ex vivo.

RESULTS:
We demonstrated that this method could accurately determine PSV settings with 100% accuracy in ex vivo blinded trials. The technique was effective even with a scalp analog simulating different skin thicknesses.

CONCLUSION:
This proof-of-concept study suggests that smartphones can be used for PSV assessment. However, further development and validation are needed to refine this method for clinical use. This technology could enhance PSV management accessibility, allowing for remote or at-home evaluations by trained individuals or caregivers, thus improving patient care in underserved areas.
UVB radiation suppresses Dicer expression through β-catenin
Authors: Aktary Zackie , Petit Valérie , Berlin Irina , Raymond Jeremy , Berger Frederique , Charoenchon Nisamanee , Sage Evelyne , Bertrand Juliette , Larue Lionel 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Ultraviolet (UV) rays prompt a natural response in epidermal cells, particularly within melanocytes. The changes in gene expression and related signaling pathways in melanocytes following exposure to UV radiation are still not entirely understood. Our findings reveal that UVB irradiation suppresses the expression of Dicer (also known as Dicer1). This repression is intricately linked to the activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) and Wnt–β-catenin signaling pathways, and is directly associated with transcriptional repression by β-catenin (also known as CTNNB1). Notably, we have identified specific binding sites for the TCF/LEF–β-catenin complex in the Dicer promoter. Collectively, these results emphasize the significance of the UV-induced pathway involving the TCF/LEF–β-catenin complex, which impacts Dicer expression. UV radiation also reduced the levels of specific microRNAs known to be important in the biology of melanocytes. This pathway holds potential importance in governing melanocyte physiology.