bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applying the open method of co-ordination back home: the case of Greek pension policy
Authors: Angelaki Marina 
Published: April 2016

<p>The launch of the Lisbon Strategy (original and revised) and the introduction of the Open Method of Co-ordination (OMC) mark a new phase in the Europeanization of social policy, characterized by a non-binding form of collaboration between member states. The aim of this paper is to contribute to the Europeanization debate by analyzing and assessing the Greek response to the OMC in the field of pensions. This will be done by focusing on the elaboration of the National Strategy Reports (NSRs), the participation of Greek representatives in European Committees and the mutual learning of the potential process in an attempt to identify the interaction of the administrative system with different elements of the OMC process. The empirical evidence reveals its isolated character and its failure to stimulate a reflection on existing policies, which in turn is explained by Greece’s inability to come to terms with decentralized and participative processes.</p>
Factors influencing implementation of the nursing process in Naivasha District Hospital, Kenya
Authors: Mangare Linet Nyatichi , Omondi Lilian , Ayieko Antony , Wakasiaka Sabina , Omoni Grace , Wamalwa Dalton 
Published: April 2016

Background: The nursing process (NP) is a framework that is applicable in all clinical settings to provide quality nursing care. Training curricula for nurses and midwives in Kenya have incorporated the NP as a framework for nursing care. However, nurses and midwives find it difficult to implement it. This contributes to poor-quality care. Aims: This study was aimed at determining factors influencing implementation of the NP in Naivasha District Hospital. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted between May–June 2012 on 83 nurses and midwives selected using quota sampling. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data then analysed using the statistical package for social sciences. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise the data and Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to establish correlation between variables. Results: Training, practical experience, adequate time, reference materials, administrative support, supplies and adequate staffing were the major factors influencing implementation of the NP. Conclusions: Implementation of the NP can be promoted through focusing on beneficial factors such as adequate staffing, training, administrative support, and providing resources.
Psychosocial effects of pregnancy on teenage mothers in Angwan Rukuba community, Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
Authors: Dare Ajayi Abraham , Omolade Daniel Grace , Samuel Ari Eunice , Folashade Winna , Adaku Okezue Gladys 
Published: April 2016

Background: Teenage pregnancy may have negative consequences for the mother, the baby and the wider family. Aims: This study was designed to assess the psychosocial effects of pregnancy on teenage mothers in Plateau State, Nigeria, and to identify factors that led the teenagers to getting pregnant. Method: A descriptive design was used for the study. The site for this research is Angwan Rukuba community, in the Jos North local government area of Plateau State. The sample consisted of 100 teenagers who were or had ever been pregnant, aged 13–18 years. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. Findings: Of the respondents, 42% were aged 15–16 years, 84% were Christians and 60% had their highest qualification at primary school level. The major factor responsible for teenage pregnancy was reported to be poverty. Depression and substance abuse were the major psychosocial effects of pregnancy among respondents. There were significant relationships between teenage pregnancy and: non-use of contraceptives; rate of school drop-out; and substance abuse. Conclusions: It is suggested that sex education should be taught as a subject in schools, with its content well-defined. There should be improved access for teenagers to health services and staff who are sensitive to their needs.
Institutional factors influencing women's perception of quality of intrapartum care in Naivasha County Hospital labour ward, Kenya
Authors: Malachi Zillah , Omuga Blasio , Mirie Waithira 
Published: April 2016

Aims: A survey carried out in the maternity centre of a Kenyan county hospital sought to evaluate the institutional factors influencing women's perception of quality of intrapartum care. Methods: This cross-sectional quantitative and qualitative study involved 195 postpartum mothers, who were randomly sampled. A questionnaire, a focus group discussion and a key informant interview were used to collect data. Findings: The study indicated that there was a positive relationship between women's perceptions of quality of intrapartum care and institutional factors, such as cost of services and comfort in waiting rooms (P = 0.007 and 0.025, respectively). Residing near a hospital was also associated with a positive perception of the quality of intrapartum care. Conclusions: This study reveals that it is important to provide an affordable and accessible environment during childbirth to improve the women's perception of quality of care provided during this period. This study's findings have implications in the design of maternity centres and the implementation of free maternity services in Kenya.
Assessment of competition indices of an unlogged oriental beech mixed stand in Hyrcanian forests, Northern Iran
Authors: AMIRI MOJTABA , NAGHDI REZA 
Published: April 2016

Amiri M, Naghdi R. 2016. Assessment of competition indices of an unlogged oriental beech mixed stand in Hyrcanian forests,Â Northern Iran. Biodiversitas 17: 306-314. Studying on structural dynamics of natural forest ecosystems is an important subject in closeto-natureÂ silvicultureÂ andÂ theÂ pertainingÂ tendingÂ operations.Â TheÂ objectiveÂ ofÂ thisÂ researchÂ wasÂ toÂ analyzeÂ theÂ competitionÂ indicesÂ ofÂ theÂ treeÂ species and some structural characteristics in an unlogged mixed-beech natural forest stand located in Shastkalate forest, Northern Iran. To do so, the required data was collected from a 16ha (400Ã—400 m2) permanent plot established in 2006. The characteristics of the trees including species, DBH, total height, stem height, crown diameter, and the distance between the stems were measured and recorded. The results indicated that alder and wild service have the highest and lowest DBH, respectively, and also beech species comprises almost half of the basal area as well as the total volume of the stand trees. The results of competition effect on the distribution of the given species tree stems and also on low (â‰¤30 cm),Â medium (35-50 cm),Â large (55-70), and very large (>75 cm) diameter classesÂ showed that the competition existing among individual trees decreased as their respective distances, DBH, and crown area enhanced by the increase in distance, such that the highest (R2adj= 0.79)Â and the lowest (R2adj= 0.38)Â values of competition indices (e.g. Stand density and Relative Spacing index) were, respectively, observed in â‰¤30 cm and >75 cm diameter classes. The data of the present research, as well, indicated that a more appropriate competition index can be selected by increasing the number of the variables applied in competition indices such as considering the distance among stems, DBH, crown area, and height. As a whole, in the present study the distance-dependent competition indices (e.g. distance-weighted size ratios and Daniel et al)Â presented better results.
Dynamics and effects of Ligula intestinalis (L.) infection in the native fish Barbus callensis Valenciennes, 1842 in Algeria
Authors: Rouis Sonia Ould , Rouis Abdelhalim Ould , Dumont Henri J. , Magellan Kit , Arab Abdeslem 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe dynamics of the emergence, duration, and decline phases in epizootic cycles are well known for humans and some crops, but they are poorly understood for host–parasite systems in the wild. Parasites may be particularly insidious as they are often introduced unintentionally, simultaneously with their hosts, and later transferred to species in the new location. Here we investigate the epizootic dynamics of the tapeworm
Bioinformatics analysis and expression of a novel protein ROP48 in Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: Zhou Jian , Wang Lin , Zhou Aihua , Lu Gang , Li Qihang , Wang Zhilin , Zhu Meiyan , Zhou Huaiyu , Cong Hua , He Shenyi 
Published: April 2016

Abstractis an obligate intracellular apicomplexan parasite, and can infect warmblooded animals and humans all over the world. In the past years, ROP family genes encoding particular proteins of
The contextual interference effect on sport-specific motor learning in older adults
Authors: Souza Marina G.T.X. de , Nunes Marcelo E.S. , Corrêa Umberto C. , Santos Suely dos 
Published: April 2016

PurposeThe aim of this study was to investigate the contextual interference effect on learning a sport-related task in older adults.MethodsWe selected 40 physically active individuals aged 65-80 years that were randomly divided into random and blocked practice groups. The task comprised throwing a bocce ball to three targets at distances of 2, 4 and 6 m. Practice consisted of 120 trials divided into two sessions. Two retention tests at a distance of 4 m were conducted (post-10 min and 24 h) and then two transfer tests with a target at 5 m (post-24 h) were performed with the preferred and non-preferred hand. Task performance and movement patterns were measured.ResultsComparisons between the practice groups revealed no contextual interference effect (<i>p</i> > 0.05); the random group showed improved performance during practice (<i>p</i> < 0.05) but the blocked group did not. Overall, the results showed similar performance between the groups in the retention and transfer tests, although it was inferred that the blocked group made insufficient corrective adjustments.ConclusionsIt was concluded that contextual interference did not affect the learning of a sport-based skill in older adults. Nonetheless, it can be argued that the parameter modifications may have negatively influenced learning this task by the practice groups and/or they may have required more practice time.
Effects of glycolytic-based interval training on anaerobic capacity in soccer players
Authors: Polczyk Michał , Zatoń Marek 
Published: April 2016

PurposeThe aim of this study was to determine the magnitude of changes in anaerobic endurance in response to a training protocol targeting glycolytic capacity.MethodsThe study involved 24 soccer players from two U-18 teams. One team served as an experimental (E) group the other a control (C). Besides standard soccer practice performed by both groups, an interval training protocol was administered to the experimental group twice a week (15 sessions). One training repetition involved running a soccerspecific course. Repetition time was equal to 15 s interspersed with 45 s passive recovery. Total number of repetitions was determined by the ability to maintain target time (power) in subsequent repetitions. A 5% reduction in the distance covered (m) compared with the first repetition ended a set. The number of sets was based on the ability of player to maintain target time per repetition. Rest interval between sets was 15 min. Anaerobic performance was assessed before and after the 8-week protocol by the Wingate test in which arterial blood gases, blood lactate concentration, and respiratory variables on a breath-by-breath basis were measured.ResultsDistance covered in group E in the first training session was 470.38 ± 77.82 m and 1182.31 ± 164.44 m in the last session. Post-intervention total work (273.63 ± 18.32 to 284.98 ± 15.76 J/kg) and maximum power (13.28 ± 1.43 to 14.14 ± 1.25 W/kg) significantly increased in the Wingate test. Statistically significant increases in lactate concentration (10.64 ± 1.54 and 12.72 ± 1.59 mmol/l) and lower blood pH (7.21 ± 0.03 and 7.19 ± 0.02) were also observed. No significant changes in any of the above variables were observed in group C.ConclusionsInterval training develops glycolytic capacity but with large inter-individual variability.
Social competence and emotional intelligence of future PE teachers and their participation in psychological workshops
Authors: Kuk Anna , Czechowski Marcin , Femiak Joanna 
Published: April 2016

PurposeThe aim of the study was to investigate the social competence (SC) and emotional intelligence (EI) of future physical education (PE) teachers after targeted psychological training.MethodsPE university students completing their bachelor’s (28 third-year students) and master’s degrees (31 first-year students) were recruited and divided into an experimental and control group. The participants completed a questionnaire assessing SC and EI. The experimental group then participated in a series of psychological workshops (four 8-hour sessions) that included Video Interaction Training and interpersonal training. The questionnaire was again administered immediately and 6 months after the workshops were completed.ResultsThe indicators of SC and EI were significantly higher in experimental group in both post-workshop time points. No increases were observed in the control group.ConclusionsThe results justify the inclusion of interactive psychological courses in the curricula of future PE teachers.
Analysis of previous perceptual and motor experience in breaststroke kick learning
Authors: Ried Bettina , Rodrigues Graciele Massoli , Jr Cássio Miranda Meira 
Published: April 2016

One of the variables that influence motor learning is the learner’s previous experience, which may provide perceptual and motor elements to be transferred to a novel motor skill. For swimming skills, several motor experiences may prove effective.PurposeThe aim was to analyse the influence of previous experience in playing in water, swimming lessons, and music or dance lessons on learning the breaststroke kick.MethodsThe study involved 39 Physical Education students possessing basic swimming skills, but not the breaststroke, who performed 400 acquisition trials followed by 50 retention and 50 transfer trials, during which stroke index as well as rhythmic and spatial configuration indices were mapped, and answered a yes/no questionnaire regarding previous experience. Data were analysed by ANOVA (<i>p</i> = 0.05) and the effect size (Cohen’s <i>d</i> ≥0.8 indicating large effect size).ResultsThe whole sample improved their stroke index and spatial configuration index, but not their rhythmic configuration index. Although differences between groups were not significant, two types of experience showed large practical effects on learning: childhood water playing experience only showed major practically relevant positive effects, and no experience in any of the three fields hampered the learning process.
The effect of swimming activity on lung function parameters among smoking and non-smoking youth – research extended
Authors: Michalak Katarzyna , Pawlicka-Lisowska Agnieszka , Poziomska-Piątkowska Elżbieta 
Published: April 2016

PurposeRelaxing in the athlete’s training process is underutilized. Relaxation techniques, however, should be taught from the very beginning of the footballer’s training career. The main aim of this study was to present the effect of progressive muscle relaxation on pressure pain threshold levels and the effectiveness of the footballer’s training.MethodsA sample of 32 football players participated in the therapeutic program consisting of 8 PMR sessions. Before and after applying a pressure therapy, the pain threshold in the lumbar region was measured by a dolorimeter and the Cooper test was carried out to determine the footballers’ level of endurance.ResultsPMR training did not increase significantly the pain threshold level in the experimental group (p > 0.05), but it increased significantly the distance covered in the Cooper test (p = 0.04). Analysis of the Spearman rank correlation was also carried out (p = 0.81).ConclusionsPMR does not lower pain perception threshold. PMR therapy increases the distance measured by the Cooper test. In order to determine the role of PMR in injury prevention, further research is necessary.
Laterality of the legs in young female soccer players
Authors: Antosiak-Cyrak Katarzyna Z. , Wiczyński Grzegorz , Rostkowska Elżbieta M. 
Published: April 2016

PurposeThe aim of the present study was assessment of laterality of the legs of young female soccer players and their non-training counterparts.Material and methodsThe study sample comprised 9 female soccer players and 19 non-training girls. They underwent three measurement sessions, one every six months. The applied tests included kinesthetic differentiation, rate of local movements, static balance, single-leg hop, rate of global movements, strength and speed, and functional asymmetry of the legs tests.ResultsThe soccer players were better than the controls in their performance of the rate of local movements, rate of global movements, kinesthetic differentiation, single-leg 15m timed hop and static balance tests. Smaller differences between the results of the left and the right legs in soccer players, than in non-training girls, were noted in the rate of local movements, rate of global movements and kinesthetic differentiation tests. In the static balance test, the differences were greater in the group of soccer players.ConclusionsLateralization of the lower limbs is a highly complex characteristic with a different variability in athletes than in nontraining individuals. The results of the present study also point to the specialization of soccer players’ left legs in body balance and single-leg hop tests.
Phrasal verbs and analogical generalization in Late Modern Spoken English
Authors: Leone Ljubica 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This present study focuses on the description of the development of phrasal verbs (PVs) in Late Modern Spoken English and, specifically, aims at analysing texts taken from the Proceedings of the Old Bailey, a valuable source of spoken language from past time periods. From a diachronic perspective, the emergence of new PVs can be considered strictly linked to the process of direct formation and analogical generalization resulting in PVs as they are known in Present Day English (PDE). This study is a corpus-based investigation conducted on the Late Modern English-Old Bailey Corpus (LModE-OBC), a corpus that has been compiled by using texts from the Proceedings of the Old Bailey and annotated with the Visual Interactive Syntax Learning interface (VISL). The analysis reveals that, in the time span 1750-1850, this verbal group underwent a gradual process of change also due to the contribution of direct formation and analogical generalization, a process that started in the Early Modern English (EME) period and that continued to the Late Modern English (LModE) era.
Finding proof negative: Tracing the empirical footprint of collective linguistic avoidance in historical American and British newspaper texts
Authors: MacQueen Donald S. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Linguistic avoidance - the conscious or unconscious non-use of a problematic language expression and/or the substitution of another - is difficult to demonstrate empirically in historical terms, as it constitutes a negative action that leaves no positive trace. However, all hope is not lost for the empiricist: the very conspicuousness of the problematic expression’s absence can in fact be measured across a time period. A perhaps unique case in point in English is the avoidance of number-word expressions such as five millions of individuals and, alternatively, five million individuals precisely at the point in history when it became unclear which of the two expressions was the correct one, i.e. when usage was shifting. At this point, newspapers in the US and the UK, following patterns that were similar but not contemporaneous, began to favor numerical expressions like 5,000,000 individuals. The timing of the shift corresponded to the time gap between US and UK newspapers in their respective gradual rejection of the now obsolescent (Obs) five millions of individuals in favor of the present-day English (PdE) construction five million individuals. Then, in both countries, newspapers largely discontinued the use of numerical expressions like 5,000,000 individuals when it had become clear that the PdE construction had prevailed. In other words, the numerical expression was conspicuously substituted to avoid choosing between the Obs and PdE versions of the numberword expression, and this avoidance left a clear empirical trace.
Language Change Database: A new online resource
Authors: Nevalainen Terttu , Vartiainen Turo , Säily Tanja , Kesäniemi Joonas , Dominowska Agata , Öhman Emily 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
We introduce the Language Change Database (LCD), which provides access to the results of previous corpus-based research dealing with change in the English language. The LCD will be published on an open-access linked data platform that will allow users to enter information about their own publications into the database and to conduct searches based on linguistic and extralinguistic parameters. Both metadata and numerical data from the original publications will be available for download, enabling systematic reviews, meta-analyses, replication studies and statistical modelling of language change. The LCD will be of interest to scholars, teachers and students of English.
Pronoun omission and agreement: An analysis based on ICE Singapore and ICE India
Authors: Tamaredo Iván , Fanego Teresa 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This article deals with pronoun omission in subject position and its connection with subject-verb agreement in Indian English and Singapore English. Agreement morphology has been found to be a predictor and facilitator of pronoun omission cross-linguistically in that it aids in the identification and retrieval of the referents of omitted pronouns. The results of a corpus study partly confirm this trend, since they show that agreement morphology does have a weak facilitating effect in both varieties examined; that is, pronoun omission increases when the subject and the verb agree in person and number. However, this is only true for lexical verbs; non-modal auxiliaries (i.e., be, have, do), on the contrary, show a low percentage of omitted pronouns and no facilitating effect of agreement morphology. To account for this finding, the possible inhibiting effect on pronoun omission of the frequency of co-occurrence of pronouns and non-modal auxiliaries was also explored.
ORP5/ORP8 localize to endoplasmic reticulum–mitochondria contacts and are involved in mitochondrial function
Authors: Galmes Romain , Houcine Audrey , van Vliet Alexander R , Agostinis Patrizia , Jackson Catherine L , Giordano Francesca 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe oxysterol‐binding protein (OSBP)‐related proteins ORP5 and ORP8 have been shown recently to transport phosphatidylserine (PS) from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the plasma membrane (PM) at ER–PM contact sites. PS is also transferred from the ER to mitochondria where it acts as precursor for mitochondrial PE synthesis. Here, we show that, in addition to ER–PM contact sites, ORP5 and ORP8 are also localized to ER–mitochondria contacts and interact with the outer mitochondrial membrane protein PTPIP51. A functional lipid transfer (ORD) domain was required for this localization. Interestingly, ORP5 and ORP8 depletion leads to defects in mitochondria morphology and respiratory function.