bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding imperfect detection in a San Francisco Estuary long‐term larval and juvenile fish monitoring programme
Authors: Mahardja B. , Young M. J. , Schreier B. , Sommer T. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractImperfect detection can present a significant challenge when monitoring for a rare and imperilled species. Here, a long‐term larval and early‐juvenile fish monitoring programme in the upper San Francisco Estuary was examined to evaluate its overall reliability in detecting various fish species, including the imperilled delta smelt, Hypomesus transpacificus McAllister, for which the programme was designed. Using occupancy modelling, detection probability of species with pelagic larval or juvenile life stages was found to be generally high (≥.95) based on the current sampling effort of three larval net tows per site. However, detection probability can vary considerably from year to year depending on the species’ level of larval production. Water temperature and turbidity were identified as important predictors of occurrence for young‐of‐year delta smelt, longfin smelt Spirinchus thaleichthys (Ayres) and striped bass Morone saxatilis (Walbaum), and there was evidence for fish size selectivity by the sampling gear in all three species. These results highlight the need to consider adaptively managing detection probability by increasing sampling effort in years when young‐of‐year delta smelt abundance is expected to be low, especially when information on the species’ occurrence at a particular region is critical.
Functional richness outperforms taxonomic richness in predicting ecosystem functioning in natural phytoplankton communities
Authors: Abonyi András , Horváth Zsófia , Ptacnik Robert 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Recent studies clearly support a positive biodiversity–ecosystem functioning (BEF) relationship in phytoplankton. As taxon richness does not quantify functional diversity, functional approaches have been developed to link community functioning to diversity. Compared to terrestrial plant communities, only a few studies have validated phytoplankton functional approaches in BEF relationships. Furthermore, the ability of functional and taxonomic richness measures in predicting ecosystem functioning of natural phytoplankton communities has not been compared yet.

Here, we analysed the BEF relationship using taxonomic and functional (trait categories and response groups sensu Reynolds) approaches in a broad‐scale phytoplankton dataset from Fennoscandia. First, we analysed how taxonomic and functional compositions were related to local environmental predictors. We then compared how taxonomic and functional richness performed in predicting resource‐use efficiency (the yield in phytoplankton biomass standardised by total phosphorus) as an ecosystem functioning measure. Finally, we tested whether the relationship between ecosystem functioning and taxonomic richness is further enhanced once each of the functional richness measure is also considered.

Among the approaches, phytoplankton functional trait categories as community matrix showed the best correspondence with the local environment. The richness of phytoplankton response groups predicted ecosystem functioning significantly better than the taxonomic and the functional trait category richness—both in the full dataset and in almost all Fennoscandian countries. On top of taxonomic richness, only the residual variation in response group richness predicted ecosystem functioning positively in the entire dataset and in all individual countries.

Applying functional approaches, reduced complexity of data should come along with reduced ecological information. We showed, however, that both functional approaches represented some functional redundancy among taxa in a meaningful way, and enhanced our ability in predicting community composition from environmental predictors. Moreover, phytoplankton response group richness sensu Reynolds summarises information on ecosystem functioning contained in the taxonomic data in a way that represents functional diversity better than the richness of functional trait categories.

Interestingly, the response group approach, which is exclusively derived from field observations rather than from quantified phytoplankton traits, outperforms taxonomic richness and trait category richness in predicting ecosystem functioning in our dataset. This may highlight that our ability to quantify phytoplankton traits is still limited. Existing phytoplankton functional approaches, however, can translate the taxonomic information into a reduced but reliable functional matrix already and predict ecosystem functioning better than taxonomic data.
Rock glaciers in crystalline catchments: Hidden permafrost‐related threats to alpine headwater lakes
Authors: Ilyashuk Boris P. , Ilyashuk Elena A. , Psenner Roland , Tessadri Richard , Koinig Karin A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA global warming‐induced transition from glacial to periglacial processes has been identified in mountainous regions around the world. Degrading permafrost in pristine periglacial environments can produce acid rock drainage (ARD) and cause severe ecological damage in areas underlain by sulfide‐bearing bedrock. Limnological and paleolimnological approaches were used to assess and compare ARDs generated by rock glaciers, a typical landform of the mountain permafrost domain, and their effects on alpine headwater lakes with similar morphometric features and underlying bedrock geology, but characterized by different intensities of frost action in their catchments during the year. We argue that ARD and its effects on lakes are more severe in the alpine periglacial belt with mean annual air temperatures (MAAT) between −2°C and +3°C, where groundwater persists in the liquid phase for most of the year, in contrast to ARD in the periglacial belt where frost action dominates (MAAT < −2°C). The findings clearly suggest that the ambient air temperature is an important factor affecting the ARD production in alpine periglacial environments. Applying the paleoecological analysis of morphological abnormalities in chironomids through the past millennium, we tested and rejected the hypothesis that unfavorable conditions for aquatic life in the ARD‐stressed lakes are largely related to the temperature increase over recent decades, responsible for the enhanced release of ARD contaminants. Our results indicate that the ARDs generated in the catchments are of a long‐lasting nature and the frequency of chironomid morphological deformities was significantly higher during the Little Ice Age (LIA) than during pre‐ or post‐LIA periods, suggesting that lower water temperatures may increase the adverse impacts of ARD on aquatic invertebrates. This highlights that temperature‐mediated modulations of the metabolism and life cycle of aquatic organisms should be considered when reconstructing long‐term trends in the ecotoxicological state of lakes.
Biotic interchange has structured Western Hemisphere mammal communities
Authors: Fraser Danielle , Lyons S. Kathleen 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAimMany hypotheses posit that species‐rich tropical communities are dominated by species–species interactions, apparent as competitive exclusion or character displacement, whereas species‐poor temperate communities are dominated by species–environment interactions. Recent studies demonstrate a strong influence of macroevolutionary and biogeographical factors. We simultaneously test for the effects of species interactions, climate and biotic interchange on Western Hemisphere mammal communities using a phylogenetic and functional diversity approach.LocationWestern Hemisphere.Time periodModern.Major taxa studiedMammalia.MethodsUsing Western Hemisphere mammal distributional and body mass data, we calculate body mass dispersion, phylogenetic diversity (Net Relatedness Index) and assemblage‐averaged rates of co‐occurrence (Checkerboard scores) in 100 km × 100 km grid cells under an equal area projection. We model body mass dispersion as a function of phylogenetic diversity, co‐occurrence rates and species richness, as well as mean annual temperature and precipitation. We infer rates of dispersal among the temperate and tropical zones of the Western Hemisphere using phylogenetic methods.ResultsThe dispersion of northern temperate mammal body masses is higher than null communities and shows correlated change with climate, consistent with resource competition and environmental filtering. Conversely, the dispersions of tropical and southern temperate mammal body masses are lower than and not differentiable from null expectations, respectively, suggesting a limited role of species–species and species–environment interactions at the grain of our analysis. Low tropical body mass dispersion and phylogenetic evenness are best explained by the high rates of faunal mixing. High rates of dispersal might also explain the similarity in community structure between the southern temperate and tropical zones.Main conclusionsMammal community assembly processes differ among the temperate and tropical zones of the Western Hemisphere, and faunal mixture during dispersal events, such as the Great American Biotic Interchange (Pliocene c. 3 Ma), may have been important in structuring Western Hemisphere mammal communities.
Biodiversity and climate determine the functioning of Neotropical forests
Authors: Poorter Lourens , van der Sande Masha T. , Arets Eric J. M. M. , Ascarrunz Nataly , Enquist Brian J. , Finegan Bryan , Licona Juan Carlos , Martínez‐Ramos Miguel , Mazzei Lucas , Meave Jorge A. , Muñoz Rodrigo , Nytch Christopher J. , de Oliveira Alexandre A. , Pérez‐García Eduardo A. , Prado‐Junior Jamir , Rodríguez‐Velázques Jorge , Ruschel Ademir Roberto , Salgado‐Negret Beatriz , Schiavini Ivan , Swenson Nathan G. , Tenorio Elkin A. , Thompson Jill , Toledo Marisol , Uriarte Maria , Hout Peter van der , Zimmerman Jess K. , Peña‐Claros Marielos 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAimTropical forests account for a quarter of the global carbon storage and a third of the terrestrial productivity. Few studies have teased apart the relative importance of environmental factors and forest attributes for ecosystem functioning, especially for the tropics. This study aims to relate aboveground biomass (AGB) and biomass dynamics (i.e., net biomass productivity and its underlying demographic drivers: biomass recruitment, growth and mortality) to forest attributes (tree diversity, community‐mean traits and stand basal area) and environmental conditions (water availability, soil fertility and disturbance).LocationNeotropics.MethodsWe used data from 26 sites, 201 1‐ha plots and >92,000 trees distributed across the Neotropics. We quantified for each site water availability and soil total exchangeable bases and for each plot three key community‐weighted mean functional traits that are important for biomass stocks and productivity. We used structural equation models to test the hypothesis that all drivers have independent, positive effects on biomass stocks and dynamics.ResultsOf the relationships analysed, vegetation attributes were more frequently associated significantly with biomass stocks and dynamics than environmental conditions (in 67 vs. 33% of the relationships). High climatic water availability increased biomass growth and stocks, light disturbance increased biomass growth, and soil bases had no effect. Rarefied tree species richness had consistent positive relationships with biomass stocks and dynamics, probably because of niche complementarity, but was not related to net biomass productivity. Community‐mean traits were good predictors of biomass stocks and dynamics.Main conclusionsWater availability has a strong positive effect on biomass stocks and growth, and a future predicted increase in (atmospheric) drought might, therefore, potentially reduce carbon storage. Forest attributes, including species diversity and community‐weighted mean traits, have independent and important relationships with AGB stocks, dynamics and ecosystem functioning, not only in relatively simple temperate systems, but also in structurally complex hyper‐diverse tropical forests.
Effectiveness of educational program using printed educational material on care burden distress among staff of residential aged care facilities without medical specialists and/or registered nurses: Cluster quasi‐randomization study
Authors: Fukuda Koji , Terada Seishi , Hashimoto Mamoru , Ukai Katsuyuki , Kumagai Ryo , Suzuki Mizue , Nagaya Masahiro , Yoshida Mika , Hattori Hideyuki , Murotani Kenta , Toba Kenji 
Published: November 2017

AimBehavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia are an important source of distress for caregivers. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of educational intervention using printed educational material for reducing distress induced by behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia among caregivers working at facilities without medical specialists and/or registered nurses.MethodsA cluster quasi‐randomized, controlled comparative trial was carried out at 17 facilities in Japan. Our intervention was an educational program administered at baseline using printed educational material for the care staff. The primary outcome was evaluated using the Japanese version of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire. The secondary outcome measures were caregiver burnout evaluated using the Japanese version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory and the care dependency of residents measured using the Japanese version of the Care Dependency Scale.ResultsThe total Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire score decreased significantly in the intervention group (F [1355] = 6.57, P = 0.01), and the difference between the intervention and control groups was also significant (F [1355] = 4.78, P = 0.03). There were no significant changes in the Maslach Burnout Inventory or Care Dependency Scale scores in the intervention group, while the Maslach Burnout Inventory subscale (personal accomplishment) score decreased significantly in the control group.ConclusionsOur intervention achieved a significant reduction of distress among caregivers working at care homes without medical specialists and/or registered nurses. The findings of this research show that educational intervention can make a valuable contribution to training programs for care staff. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 487–494.
Is it time to abandon care planning in mental health services? A qualitative study exploring the views of professionals, service users and carers
Authors: Brooks Helen L. , Lovell Karina , Bee Penny , Sanders Caroline , Rogers Anne 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundIt has been established that mental health‐care planning does not adequately respond to the needs of those accessing services. Understanding the reasons for this and identifying whose needs care plans serve requires an exploration of the perspectives of service users, carers and professionals within the wider organizational context.ObjectiveTo explore the current operationalization of care planning and perceptions of its function within mental health services from the perspectives of multiple stakeholders.Settings and participantsParticipants included 21 mental health professionals, 29 service users and 4 carers from seven Mental Health Trusts in England. All participants had experience of care planning processes within secondary mental health‐care services.MethodsFifty‐four semi‐structured interviews were conducted with participants and analysed utilizing a qualitative framework approach.FindingsCare plans and care planning were characterized by a failure to meet the complexity of mental health needs, and care planning processes were seen to prioritize organizational agendas and risk prevention which distanced care planning from the everyday lives of service users.Discussion and conclusionsCare planning is recognized, embedded and well established in the practices of mental health professionals and service users. However, it is considered too superficial and mainly irrelevant to users for managing mental health in their everyday lives. Those responsible for the planning and delivery of mental health services should consider ways to increase the relevance of care planning to the everyday lives of service users including separating risk from holistic needs assessment, using support aids and utilizing a peer workforce in this regard.
Indolent T‐lymphoblastic proliferation concomitant with acinic cell carcinoma mimicking T‐lymphoblastic lymphoma: case report and literature review
Authors: Yasuda Hajime , Tsutsui Miyuki , Ota Yasunori , Tanaka Masaru , Komatsu Norio 
Published: November 2017

AimsIndolent T‐lymphoblastic proliferation (iT‐LBP) is a non‐clonal benign condition showing extrathymic proliferation of T‐lymphoblasts positive for CD3, CD4, CD8, and TdT. Isolated iT‐LBP has been observed, but the majority of iT‐LBPs have been seen in conjunction with other disorders, including Castleman disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, follicular dendritic cell tumours, angioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphoma, myasthenia gravis, and acinic cell carcinoma (ACC). The clinical course of iT‐LBP is indolent, and no therapy is usually required. A major concern is misdiagnosis as T‐lymphoblastic lymphoma, and a correct diagnosis of iT‐LBP often requires not only pathological analysis but also careful monitoring of the clinical course. The aim of this study was to broaden the knowledge of pathologists and physicians concerning this as yet not well‐recognised entity.Methods and resultsWe report a case of iT‐LBP concomitant with ACC, along with a literature review of all 14 cases of iT‐LBP reported to date.ConclusionsiT‐LBP should always be considered as a differential diagnosis of T‐lymphoblastic lymphoma, as the two disorders show extremely similar traits.
Epigenetic down‐regulation of SOX2 is an independent poor prognostic factor for hypopharyngeal cancers
Authors: Avincsal Mehmet Ozgur , Jimbo Naoe , Fujikura Kohei , Shinomiya Hirotaka , Otsuki Naoki , Morimoto Koichi , Furukawa Tatsuya , Morita Naruhiko , Maehara Ritsuko , Itoh Tomoo , Nibu Ken‐ichi , Zen Yoh 
Published: November 2017

AimsWe recently reported that a small subset (7%) of oesophageal squamous cell carcinomas completely lacking SOX2 expression had unique clinicopathological features and a dismal prognosis. The aim of the present study was to elucidate whether the findings obtained in oesophageal cancers are applicable to hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (HPSCCs) or oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCCs).Methods and resultsThe study cohort consisted of consecutive patients with HPSCC (n = 130) and OPSCC (n = 65) who underwent surgery without preoperative therapy. On immunostaining, SOX2 was almost entirely negative in 10 of 130 HPSCCs (8%) and seven of 65 OPSCCs (11%). No significant differences were observed in clinicopathological features, including p16 status, between SOX2‐positive and SOX2‐negative cancers. However, patients with SOX2‐negative HPSCC had significantly worse overall and recurrence‐free survival than those with SOX2‐positive HPSCC, whereas such a prognostic relationship was not confirmed in patients with OPSCC. In a multivariate analysis, the loss of SOX2 expression appeared to be an independent poor prognostic factor for patients with HPSCC. In a sequencing analysis, no mutation was found in SOX2. As SOX2 is known to contain an extensive CpG island before the transcription start site, methylation‐specific polymerase chain reaction for the SOX2 promoter was performed. Methylated alleles were found in nine of 10 SOX2‐negative HPSCCs but in none of SOX2‐positive HPSCCs.ConclusionsSimilarly to oesophageal cancers, a small subset (8%) of HPSCCs characteristically almost completely lacking SOX2 expression appeared to be aggressive neoplasms with high recurrence rates. Promoter hypermethylation was determined to be a major mechanism underlying epigenetic SOX2 silencing.
Bactericera cockerelli vitellogenin‐6 like, a vitellogenin without a direct reproductive function?
Authors: Ibanez F. , Tang X. , Tamborindeguy C. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractVitellogenin‐like proteins are members of the large lipid transfer proteins, a family of proteins involved in reproduction, lipid circulation and immune defences. In this study, we identified a new Bactericera cockerelli vitellogenin‐like (Vg‐like) transcript, and named it BcVg6‐like based on its similarity to Acyrthosiphon pisum Vg6. In silico analyses predicted different conserved domains in BcVg6‐like compared with the conventional Ba. cockerelli vitellogenin, BcVg1‐like, previously described by our research group. Phylogenetic analyses determined that BcVg6‐like clustered with Vg‐like‐B proteins and not the conventional vitellogenins involved in vitellogenesis. Also, the expression analyses showed differences in BcVg6‐like transcript expression between 7‐day‐old males and 3‐ and 7‐day‐old females. BcVg6‐like was not upregulated after exogenous application of juvenile hormone III, but its relative expression increased significantly in alimentary canals of adult females exposed to tomato plants infected by the bacterial plant pathogen ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’. Our results suggest that in Ba. cockerelli, both vitellogenin genes may have different functions: BcVg1‐like is a conventional vitellogenin that conserved its ancestral function as an egg yolk precursor whereas BcVg6‐like might have acquired a function in lipid and/or other molecule transport, and could potentially play a role in immune defence.
Missing Data: A Unified Taxonomy Guided by Conditional Independence
Authors: Doretti Marco , Geneletti Sara , Stanghellini Elena 
Published: November 2017

SummaryRecent work (Seaman et al., ; Mealli & Rubin, ) attempts to clarify the not always well‐understood difference between realised and everywhere definitions of missing at random (MAR) and missing completely at random. Another branch of the literature (Mohan et al., ; Pearl & Mohan, ) exploits always‐observed covariates to give variable‐based definitions of MAR and missing completely at random. In this paper, we develop a unified taxonomy encompassing all approaches. In this taxonomy, the new concept of ‘complementary MAR’ is introduced, and its relationship with the concept of data observed at random is discussed. All relationships among these definitions are analysed and represented graphically. Conditional independence, both at the random variable and at the event level, is the formal language we adopt to connect all these definitions. Our paper covers both the univariate and the multivariate case, where attention is paid to monotone missingness and to the concept of sequential MAR. Specifically, for monotone missingness, we propose a sequential MAR definition that might be more appropriate than both everywhere and variable‐based MAR to model dropout in certain contexts.