bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A virtual climate library of surface temperature over North America for 1979–2015
Authors: Kravtsov Sergey , Roebber Paul , Brazauskas Vytaras 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe most comprehensive continuous-coverage modern climatic data sets, known as reanalyses, come from combining state-of-the-art numerical weather prediction (NWP) models with diverse available observations. These reanalysis products estimate the path of climate evolution that actually happened, and their use in a probabilistic context—for example, to document trends in extreme events in response to climate change—is, therefore, limited. Free runs of NWP models without data assimilation can in principle be used for the latter purpose, but such simulations are computationally expensive and are prone to systematic biases. Here we produce a high-resolution, 100-member ensemble simulation of surface atmospheric temperature over North America for the 1979–2015 period using a comprehensive spatially extended non-stationary statistical model derived from the data based on the North American Regional Reanalysis. The surrogate climate realizations generated by this model are independent from, yet nearly statistically congruent with reality. This data set provides unique opportunities for the analysis of weather-related risk, with applications in agriculture, energy development, and protection of human life.
Clustering the Orion B giant molecular cloud based on its molecular emission
Authors: Bron Emeric , Daudon Chloé , Pety Jérôme , Levrier François , Gerin Maryvonne , Gratier Pierre , Orkisz Jan H. , Guzman Viviana , Bardeau Sébastien , Goicoechea Javier R. , Liszt Harvey , Öberg Karin , Peretto Nicolas , Sievers Albrecht , Tremblin Pascal 
Published: October 2017

Context.Previous attempts at segmenting molecular line maps of molecular clouds have focused on using position-position-velocity data cubes of a single molecular line to separate the spatial components of the cloud. In contrast, wide field spectral imaging over a large spectral bandwidth in the (sub)mm domain now allows one to combine multiple molecular tracers to understand the different physical and chemical phases that constitute giant molecular clouds (GMCs).Aims.We aim at using multiple tracers (sensitive to different physical processes and conditions) to segment a molecular cloud into physically/chemically similar regions (rather than spatially connected components), thus disentangling the different physical/chemical phases present in the cloud.Methods.We use a machine learning clustering method, namely the Meanshift algorithm, to cluster pixels with similar molecular emission, ignoring spatial information. Clusters are defined around each maximum of the multidimensional probability density function (PDF) of the line integrated intensities. Simple radiative transfer models were used to interpret the astrophysical information uncovered by the clustering analysis.Results.A clustering analysis based only on theJ= 1–0 lines of three isotopologues of CO proves sufficient to reveal distinct density/column density regimes (nH~ 100 cm-3, ~500 cm-3, and >1000 cm-3), closely related to the usual definitions of diffuse, translucent and high-column-density regions. Adding two UV-sensitive tracers, theJ= 1–0 line of HCO+and theN= 1–0 line of CN, allows us to distinguish two clearly distinct chemical regimes, characteristic of UV-illuminated and UV-shielded gas. The UV-illuminated regime shows overbright HCO+and CN emission, which we relate to a photochemical enrichment effect. We also find a tail of high CN/HCO+intensity ratio in UV-illuminated regions. Finer distinctions in density classes (nH~ 7 × 103cm-3, ~4 × 104cm-3) for the densest regions are also identified, likely related to the higher critical density of the CN and HCO+(1–0) lines. These distinctions are only possible because the high-density regions are spatially resolved.Conclusions.Molecules are versatile tracers of GMCs because their line intensities bear the signature of the physics and chemistry at play in the gas. The association of simultaneous multi-line, wide-field mapping and powerful machine learning methods such as the Meanshift clustering algorithm reveals how to decode the complex information available in these molecular tracers.
Portopulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Watherald Jason , Sitbon Olivier , Savale Laurent 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPortal hypertension may have major consequences on the pulmonary vasculature due to complex pathophysiological interactions between liver and lungs. Portopulmonary hypertension (PoPH) is characterized by the association of portal hypertension and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). As progressive elevation of right ventricular afterload can lead to right heart failure, PoPH is a serious complication of portal hypertension, affecting functional status and prognosis of patients. Early detection by transthoracic echocardiography must be performed in symptomatic patients and in candidates for liver transplantation (LT). Right heart catheterization remains mandatory to confirm the diagnosis and exclude all other causes of elevated pulmonary pressures. The management of PoPH includes PAH-targeted therapies although few studies have evaluated these medications in this specific indication. The impact of LT on PoPH outcome remains complex and must be specified by future collaborative investigation. Although uncontrolled PoPH is associated with higher risk of postoperative right heart failure and death, stabilization, improvement, or normalization of pulmonary hemodynamics after LT seem to be achievable goals in selected patients with PoPH.
Update on Data Reuse in Health Care
Authors: Safran C. 
Published: October 2017

Summary
Objective: Reuse of clinical data has broad use in clinical, research, governmental, and business settings. This summary provides an update on the benefits, barriers to use with large clinical databases, policy frameworks that have been formulated, and challenges.
Methods: This report highlights some recent publications on the diverse uses of clinical data and some policy initiatives to promote reuse. It also contains the opinions of the author.
Results: Although many examples of the benefits of data reuse have been documented, this summary also reviews why the quality of clinical data needs to be the focus of future informatics work.
Conclusion: The promise of reusing data outweighs potential risks, but concerns about privacy and the need to modernize our legal framework will be necessary to realize the full benefits of real-world evidence.
Surgical Management of Liver Metastases from Colorectal Carcinoma
Authors: Acevedo-Moreno Lou-Anne , Aucejo Federico 
Published: October 2017

AbstractColorectal carcinoma continues to be a leading cause in cancer-related mortality with more than 130,000 new cases diagnosed annually in the United States. About 50% of patients will develop colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRLM). Liver resection continues to be the mainstay therapy in the management of CRLM and is associated with 25 to 60% 5-year survival. Alternative nonsurgical therapies offer modest survival when CRLM is unresectable. Herein, we provide an overview of key aspects of surgical approaches to the treatment of CRLM.
Das diabetische Fußsyndrom
Authors: Struller Florian , Königsrainer Alfred , Beckert Stefan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe diabetic foot syndrome (DFS) has a great socio-economic impact due to the increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus. This disease complex is responsible for most non trauma-related limb amputations. The diabetic foot syndrome is classified into a neuropathic, an ischemic and a mixed type. The main pathogenetic mechanism is sensomotoric neuropathy. A frequently simultaneously existing reduced joint mobility as well as a peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAD) amplify the common pathogenic pathway.The symptoms of the patients correspond to those of the sensory neuropathy (tingling paresthesia, burning pain, and hyperaesthesia) and are typically exacerbated at night.In the course of the diagnostic work-up, risk factors of a diabetic foot syndrome are to be elicited in the patient’s history. Clinical examination can determine the severity of neuropathy as well as the presence of a PAD.The therapeutic approach is primarily aimed to prevent limb amputation. The main therapeutic actions consist of wound debridement, consequent off-loading, treatment of infection, stage-appropriate local wound care, revascularisation, metabolic control as well as patient education. Treatment should therefore always be carried out in a multidisciplinary setting, with a special role being played by the physician due to regular patient examination.Reduction of limb amputation rate can only be achieved by adherence to these particular treatment protocols.
Role of the Gut Microbiota in Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Winek Katarzyna , Dirnagl Ulrich , Meisel Andreas 
Published: October 2017

AbstractRecent studies have provided evidence for the role of the gut microbiota in the homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS) and in the pathophysiology of its disorders, e. g. by regulation of the peripheral immune response. In this article, we discuss the importance of the gut microbiota in stroke by providing a summary of available clinical and experimental data suggesting that 1) stroke changes the gut microbiome, 2) microbiota modulates stroke outcome and 3) microbiota plays an important role in the pathogenesis of stroke (risk factors). Currently available clinical and experimental evidence suggests an important role of gut microbiota in stroke and promises clinically relevant discoveries within coming years.
Multiple glomus tumours in multidigit nail
bed
Authors: Lee Jun-Ku , Kim Tae-sup , Kim Dong-won , Han Soo-Hong 
Published: October 2017

AbstractGlomus tumours are lesions of the glomus body. A solitary glomus tumour is a more
common, characteristically painful lesion, frequently located under the nail,
whereas multiple glomus tumours are a rare clinical and genetic entity. Multiple
glomus tumours are rarely subungual and do not show preference for any
particular region of the body. We report a rare case of painful multidigit
subungual glomus tumours in both hands.A 34-year-old male patient complained of painful fingertips (right: thumb, index
finger, long finger, and ring finger; left: thumb, long finger, ring finger,
small finger) on both hands for more than 5 years. Magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI) detected multiple subungual glomus tumours in the fingertips (right long
finger, ring finger, and left thumb, long, ring, and small finger) of both his
hands, so the authors conducted tumour resection and sent biopsies for relevant
fingers. We found the glomus tumour underneath the nail bed and achieved final
diagnosis with histological confirmation. No remnant or newly developed lesion
was detected at the 1 year outpatient clinic.Our case differed from the usual multiple glomus tumours because its
characteristics were similar to those of a solitary glomus tumour, including the
classic symptom triad: severe pain, localised pain, and cold hypersensitivity.
In case report, we suggest the possibility that multidigit subungual glomus
tumour is different from the common single subungual glomus tumour.
Pilotstudie über die Wirkung und den Nutzen von autologen
Fettgewebstransplantaten bei Rhizarthrose verglichen mit einer Kortisoninjektion
– 3 Monatsergebnisse
Authors: Haas Elisabeth Maria , Volkmer Elias , Giunta Riccardo E. 
Published: October 2017

ZusammenfassungZusammenfassung
Hintergrund/Ziel Erste Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass eine
intraartikuläre autologe Fetttransplantation bei Rhiz­arthrose nützlich sein
kann. Diese prospektive, nicht randomisierte Pilotstudie untersucht diese neue
Methode hinsichtlich ihres klinischen Ergebnisses im Vergleich mit einer
intraartikulären Kortikosteroidinjektion.
Patienten und Methoden 17 Frauen und 7 Männer mit einem Durchschnittsalter
von 63,3 (47–75) Jahren mit symptomatischer Rhizarthrose wurden in die Studie
eingeschlossen. Bei 12 Patienten erfolgte nach transumbillikaler Fettabsaugung
von 10 ml Bauchfett unter radiologischer Kontrolle die Injektion von 1–1,5 ml
Fettgewebe in das Daumensattelgelenk. Zuvor wurde das Fett unter Verwendung von
zwei Luer-Lock-Spritzen homogenisiert, jedoch nicht zentrifugiert. Postoperativ
erfolgte eine Ruhigstellung mittels Handgelenksschiene unter Einschluss des
Daumens für 1 Woche. Die Patienten der Kortison-Kontrollgruppe erhielten unter
sterilen Bedingungen eine intraartikuläre Injektion von 10 mg (1 ml)
Triamcinolon®. Es erfolgte keine Ruhigstellung. Präoperativ und 2, 6 und 12
Wochen postoperativ wurden der QuickDASH und der Michigan-Hand-Questionnaire
(MHQ) erhoben, die Schmerzen anhand der visuellen Analogskala (VAS) bestimmt und
Grob- sowie Griffkraft gemessen.
Ergebnisse Sowohl in der Kortison- als auch in der Eigenfett-Gruppe zeigte
sich nach zwei Wochen ein signifikanter Rückgang des Belastungsschmerzes. Beide
Maßnahmen hatten keinen signifikanten Einfluss auf die Kraft. Die Auswertungen
der Lebensqualität mittels QuickDASH und MHQ nach Kortisonbehandlung zeigte
zunächst eine Verbesserung der Lebensqualität, welche allerdings nach der 6.
Woche unter das Vorniveau abfiel. Nach Eigenfetttransplantation kam es zu einer
kontinuierlichen Zunahme der Lebensqualität.
Schlussfolgerung Im Gegensatz zur Therapie mit Kortisoninjektion konnte im
3-Monats-Nachuntersuchungszeitraum eine anhaltende Schmerzreduktion in der
Fettinjektionsgruppe erzielt werden, wohingegen eine Kortisoninjektion nur zu
einer kurzfristigen, im Mittel etwa 6 Wochen anhaltenden Reduktion des Schmerzes
führte. Eine längerfristige Nachuntersuchung muss nun zeigen, wie nachhaltig der
Effekt der autologen Fetttransplantation bei Rhizarthrose ist.
Dynamics and unsteady morphologies at ice interfaces driven by D
2
O–H
2
O exchange
Authors: Drori Ran , Holmes-Cerfon Miranda , Kahr Bart , Kohn Robert V. , Ward Michael D. 
Published: October 2017

Significance
Freezing and melting of ice are one of the most common events on Earth. The dynamics of ice crystallization are relevant to climate research, mitigating frost damage in agriculture and construction, glacier dynamics, tissue and food preservation, and transportation. We describe the use of microfluidic devices, accompanied by precise temperature control, to examine the effect of H/D isotope exchange between liquid light water and solid heavy water on ice growth dynamics. These studies revealed unusual morphologies at the ice surface in contact with the liquid, including curious unsteady morphological features that give the appearance of oscillation due to complex interplay of H/D exchange, thermal gradients, and local surface curvature.
Balanced excitation and inhibition are required for high-capacity, noise-robust neuronal selectivity
Authors: Rubin Ran , Abbott L. F. , Sompolinsky Haim 
Published: October 2017

SignificanceNeurons and networks in the cerebral cortex must operate reliably despite multiple sources of noise. Using a mathematical analysis and model simulations, we show that noise robustness requires synaptic connections to be in a balanced regime in which excitation and inhibition are strong and largely cancel each other. Our theory predicts an optimal ratio for the number of excitatory and inhibitory synapses that depends on the statistics of afferent activity and is consistent with data. This distinct form of excitation–inhibition balance is essential for robust neuronal selectivity and crucial for stability in associative memory networks, and it emerges automatically from learning in the presence of noise.
Distress and rumor exposure on social media during a campus lockdown
Authors: Jones Nickolas M. , Thompson Rebecca R. , Dunkel Schetter Christine , Silver Roxane Cohen 
Published: October 2017

Significance
During active shooter events when danger is imminent and official information is disseminated inconsistently, ambiguity is high. In these situations, individuals may seek information from unofficial channels (e.g., social media), thereby exposing themselves to unverified information and rumors. In a study of students caught in a university-wide lockdown, we found that those who relied on social media for updates reported increased exposure to conflicting information. Moreover, those who trusted what they read reported greater distress. Then, using a big-data analysis of Twitter data spanning ∼5 hours surrounding the event, we demonstrated that rumor transmission tracks with community-level negative emotion during gaps in official communication. Officials should monitor social media channels to mitigate the negative impact of rumors during collective traumas.
Tectonic conformational changes of a coronavirus spike glycoprotein promote membrane fusion
Authors: Walls Alexandra C. , Tortorici M. Alejandra , Snijder Joost , Xiong Xiaoli , Bosch Berend-Jan , Rey Felix A. , Veesler David 
Published: October 2017

Significance
The pandemic potential of coronaviruses was recently demonstrated twice by global outbreaks of deadly pneumonia. The spike (S) glycoprotein initiates infection through conformational changes that remain largely uncharacterized. Here we report the cryoEM structure of an S glycoprotein in the postfusion state, showing large-scale rearrangements compared with the prefusion trimer. We further characterized the refolding of the metastable prefusion conformation using limited proteolysis, mass spectrometry, and single-particle EM. The observed similarity to paramyxovirus F structures demonstrates a conserved refolding trajectory and supports the evolutionary relatedness of their fusion subunits. Finally, our data provide a structural framework for understanding antibody neutralization and for engineering vaccines against this medically important virus family.
Uncontroversial arguments
Authors: Dufour Michel 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Most contemporary argumentation theories stress the pragmatic and interactive aspects of argument. Some even claim that any argument takes place in a dialectical and/or dialogical context, based on a preliminary disagreement. Hence all arguments could be said to be controversial. I propose a revision of this view, based on a distinction between dialogical and dialectical, two terms often considered as synonymous. I suggest they do not entail each other and an agonistic connotation is associated only to dialectic. A second suggestion is that, unless you make it a postulate, an argument does not always presume a preliminary disagreement between individual arguers or communities. There are arguments which are not controversial. I admit that it is possible to imagine a virtual opponent to any standpoint but, in practice, sometimes nobody opposes our arguments. This may happen when someone puts forward strongly field or disciplinary dependent arguments in front of people who are beginners or outsiders with no opinion about the standpoint at stake. This may look like borderline cases, but this kind of situation is quite frequent in the media. Hence, in practice there are uncontroversial arguments and argumentation theories should take into account that the reach of argument goes beyond expert controversies and across unforeseen communities.
Connection premises
Authors: van Laar Jan Albert 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
By presenting an argument, a proponent commits himself or herself to the adequacy of the connection between the argument’s premises and its conclusion. What is this connection, and when is it adequate? I deal with these questions by using insights and techniques from dialectical approaches to argumentation. First, I show that by advancing an argument, the proponent commits himself or herself to its connection proposition, which dose not generalize upon the conclusion and premises. When a challenge turns this connection proposition into a connection premise, there may be a particularist defence available, so that the proponent need not commit himself or herself to any generalization of it. Second, I pay attention to situations where the proponent does choose to support the connection premise by means of a general argumentation scheme, showing there to be a variety of ways to justify that scheme.
The interpreter-mediated police interview as argumentative discourse in context
Authors: Garzone Giuliana 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This study focuses on the police interview with the purpose of showing that, when it is aimed at ascertaining and proving a suspect’s guilt, it has an essentially argumentative character, unfolding as a critical discussion, although this is not at first sight evident and has hardly been noticed in the literature so far, probably on account of the strict structural and procedural constraints to which this institutional discursive event is subject. The analysis takes as its starting point a case study, an interpreter-mediated interview involving an Italian suspect arrested in England, and reconstructs the argumentative discussion and the argumentation schemes deployed in it. It also examines the impact of the presence of the interpreter as a complicating factor that makes the nature of the interview as a critical discussion even more difficult to pinpoint, also because of the extreme fragmentation of dialogue associated with language mediation.
The approach taken here for argument reconstruction and for the analysis and evaluation of the argumentative process in the police interview is essentially based on pragmadialectics (van Eemeren, Grootendorst, & Snoeck Henkemans, 2002; van Eemeren, & Grootendorst, 1995a, 1995b, 2004). The main standpoints and the difference of opinion that the interview is aimed at resolving are identified, then the focus shifts to the reconstruction of the argumentation structure of the event and the argumentation schemes deployed.
By studying the use of argumentation in a highly regulated institutional context, where communication is subject to stringent restrictions, this study intends to contribute to the understanding of context-dependency in argumentative discourse, with special consideration for the meso-context (police investigative procedures, interpreter mediation) and the macro-context (the judicial legal process) and their consequences for the strategic maneuvering (cf. van Eemeren, 2011, p. 144). A further element explored is the marked power asymmetry between interlocutors inherent in the police interview as an activity type and the impact of interpreter mediation on the interaction, and in particular on the advancement of argumentation.