bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of maltose and lysine treatment on coffee aroma by flash gas chromatography electronic nose and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
Authors: He Yuqin , Zhang Haide , Wen Nana , Hu Rongsuo , Wu Guiping , Zeng Ying , Li Xiong , Miao Xiaodan 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDArabica coffee is a sub‐tropical agricultural product in China. Coffee undergoes a series of thermal reactions to form abundant volatile profiles after roasting, so it loses a lot of reducing sugars and amino acids. Adding carbonyl compounds with amino acids before roasting could ensure the nutrition and flavour of coffee. The technology is versatile for the development of coffee roasting process. This investigation evaluates the effects of combining maltose and lysine (Lys) to modify coffee aroma and the possibly related mechanisms. Arabica coffee was pretreated with a series of solvent ratios of maltose and Lys with an identical concentration (0.25 mol L−1) before microwave heating.RESULTSIt was found that the combination of maltose and Lys significantly (P ≤ 0.05) influenced quality indices of coffee (pH and browning degree). Ninety‐six aromatic volatiles have been isolated and identified. Twelve volatile profiles revealed the relationship between fragrance difference and compound content in coffee. Moreover, coffee aroma was modified by a large number of volatiles with different chemical classes and character.CONCLUSIONThus, our results suggest that the combination of reagents changed overall aroma quality through a series of complex thermal reactions, especially the ratio of Lys/maltose over 2:1. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Intelligent Nanofiber Composites: Dynamic Communication between Materials and Their Environment
Authors: Alexander Symone L. M. , Matolyak Lindsay E. , Korley LaShanda T. J. 
Published: May 2017

Intelligence of living and nonliving systems is often characterized by the ability to communicate through signal and response. In the polymer science community, this intelligence is realized through the reaction of a material construct to environmental triggers. These smart materials are modeled after natural materials, which utilize matrix–fiber architectures to detect stimuli, release small molecules, or alter their macroscopic morphology in response to stimuli. As such, researchers have designed matrix–fiber composites, which function as release vehicles, sensors or switches, and actuators. Through the examination of the architecture and environmental triggering of these natural muses, the fundamental design parameters necessary for functional response in matrix–fiber composites and the ability to utilize these composites in targeted applications are highlighted. Opportunities for innovation in composite design are also discussed.
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Self‐adjointness of perturbed biharmonic operators on Riemannian manifolds
Authors: Milatovic Ognjen 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe give a sufficient condition for the essential self‐adjointness of a perturbed biharmonic‐type operator acting on sections of a Hermitian vector bundle on a geodesically complete Riemannian manifold with Ricci curvature bounded from below by a (possibly unbounded) non‐positive function depending on the distance from a reference point. We also establish the separation property in the case when the corresponding operator acts on functions.
Mond's conjecture for maps between curves
Authors: Henrique Ament Daiane Alice , Nuño‐Ballesteros Juan José 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA theorem by D. Mond shows that if is finite and has has degree one onto its image (Y, 0), then the ‐codimension is less than or equal to the image Milnor number , with equality if and only if (Y, 0) is weighted homogeneous. Here we generalize this result to the case of a map germ , where (X, 0) is a plane curve singularity.
The Kinetics of n‐Butyl Acrylate Radical Polymerization Revealed in a Single Experiment by Real Time On‐line Mass Spectrometry Monitoring
Authors: Haven Joris J. , Zaquen Neomy , Rubens Maarten , Junkers Tanja 
Published: May 2017

The high‐temperature trithiocarbonate‐mediated reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of n‐butyl acrylate is studied using a high‐resolution mass spectrometric on‐line monitoring method. Therefore, an Orbitrap mass spectrometer, ideally suited for polymer analysis, is coupled to a continuous flow microreactor. Via adjustment of flow rates in the reactor, time sweep experiments can be carried out to allow monitoring a whole polymerization in a single experiment. The n‐butyl acrylate polymerization is monitored in a temperature interval between 100 and 190 °C for reaction times between 1 and 10 minutes. In all cases, full monomer conversions are reached and even at the highest temperatures still relatively good molecular weight control and reasonably low dispersities are obtained. End group analysis from mass spectrometry reveals, however, that the desired RAFT product is already at the lower temperatures less abundant than some side products. The herein described on‐line monitoring technique gives access to quasi‐continuous data acquisition, and is found to be very robust, and low in scattering when compared to classical batch sampling techniques.
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A numerical study of mechanical behavior of a cement paste under mechanical loading and chemical leaching
Authors: Jia Y. , Bian H.B. , Xie S.Y. , Burlion N. , Shao J.F. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryBased on relevant experimental data of a petroleum cement paste under mechanical loading and chemical leaching, an elastic‐plastic model is first proposed by taking into account plastic shearing and pore collapse. The degradation of mechanical properties induced by the chemical leaching is characterized by a chemical damage variable which is defined as the increase of porosity. Both elastic and plastic properties of the cement paste are affected by the chemical damage. The proposed model is calibrated from and applied to describe mechanical responses in triaxial compression tests respectively on sound and fully leached samples. In the second part, a phenomenological chemical model is defined to establish the relationship between porosity change and calcium dissolution process. The dissolution kinetics is governed by a diffusion law taking into account the variation of diffusion coefficient with calcium concentration. The chemical model is coupled with the mechanical model, and both are applied to describe mechanical response of cement paste samples subjected to progressive chemical leaching and compressive stresses. Comparisons between experimental data and numerical results are presented.
β‐Octabromo‐ and β‐Octakis(trifluoromethyl)isocorroles: New Sterically Constrained Macrocyclic Ligands
Authors: Thomas Kolle E. , Beavers Christine M. , Gagnon Kevin J. , Ghosh Abhik 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPresented herein is a study of the acid‐induced demetalation of two sterically hindered copper corroles, Cu β‐octabromo‐meso‐triphenylcorrole (Cu[Br8TPC]) and β‐octakis(trifluoromethyl)‐meso‐tris(p‐methoxyphenyl)corrole (Cu[(CF3)8TpOMePC]). Unlike reductive demetalation, which affords the free‐base β‐octabromocorrole, demetalation of Cu[Br8TPC] under non‐ reductive conditions (CHCl3/H2SO4) resulted in moderate yields of free‐base 5‐ and 10‐hydroxy isocorroles. The isomeric free bases could be complexed to CoII and NiII, affording stable complexes. Only reductive demetalation was found to work for Cu[(CF3)8TpOMePC], affording a highly saddled, hydrated corrole, H3[5‐OH,10‐H‐(CF3)8TpOMePC], where the elements of water had added across C5 and C10. Interaction of this novel free base with CoII resulted in Co[iso‐10‐H‐[CF3)8TpOMePC], a CoII 10‐hydro isocorrole. The new metal complexes were all characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis and, despite their sterically hindered nature, were found to exhibit almost perfectly planar isocorrole cores.
Topological electronic effects in exfoliated thin films of bismuth telluride
Authors: Hermanowicz M. , Radny M. W. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAn important aspect of band gap engineering in 2D thin films of topological insulators is determining their surface electronic properties at various atomic terminations. In this work, the electronic structure evolution of thin films of bismuth telluride () with varying surface termination is discussed based on density functional theory. The reported electronic effects include closure of the hybridization energy band gap and distinct spatial charge localization of topological surface states on two types of defected surfaces –Te and Bi‐terminated. The observed band gap value changes periodically every five monolayers following the quintuple‐based layered structure. The studied system shares, to a large extent, the main features with thin films of bismuth selenide (), although with a stronger size effect.
Computational study of pH‐responsive di‐lanthanide complexes
Authors: O'Brien Joseph Senan , Allen Matthew J. , Cisneros Gerardo Andrés 
Published: May 2017

AbstractLanthanide complexes have found extensive use as luminescent probes for biological and medical investigations. Recently, a di‐europium complex that exhibits pH‐dependent luminescence‐decay was reported, and the ligand in that complex includes a large number of ionizable sites. To better understand the pH‐dependence of luminescence‐decay of this complex, the pKa's of all tautomers of the di‐Lu3+ version of this complex were calculated computationally. The calculated Boltzmann‐averaged pKa's of the complex are 5.85, −0.21, and −1.47 for the di‐Lu3+ complex in its first, second, and third protonation states, respectively. These pKa values across protonation states indicate that changes in luminescence‐decay rate at physiologically relevant pH may be related to first protonation event of the complex exclusively.
Sinularin induces oxidative stress‐mediated G2/M arrest and apoptosis in oral cancer cells
Authors: Chang Yung‐Ting , Wu Chang‐Yi , Tang Jen‐Yang , Huang Chiung‐Yao , Liaw Chih‐Chuang , Wu Shih‐Hsiung , Sheu Jyh‐Horng , Chang Hsueh‐Wei 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSoft corals‐derived natural product, sinularin, was antiproliferative against some cancers but its effect and detailed mechanism on oral cancer cells remain unclear. The subject of this study is to examine the antioral cancer effects and underlying detailed mechanisms in terms of cell viability, oxidative stress, cell cycle analysis, and apoptosis analyses. In MTS assay, sinularin dose‐responsively decreased cell viability of three oral cancer cells (Ca9‐22, HSC‐3, and CAL 27) but only little damage to oral normal cells (HGF‐1). This cell killing effect was rescued by the antioxidant N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) pretreatment. Abnormal cell morphology and induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were found in sinularin‐treated oral cancer Ca9‐22 cells, however, NAC pretreatment also recovered these changes. Sinularin arrested the Ca9‐22 cells at G2/M phase and dysregulated the G2/M regulatory proteins such as cdc2 and cyclin B1. Sinularin dose‐responsively induced apoptosis on Ca9‐22 cells in terms of flow cytometry (annexin V and pancaspase analyses) and western blotting (caspases 3, 8, 9) and poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP). These apoptotic changes of sinularin‐treated Ca9‐22 cells were rescued by NAC pretreatment. Taken together, sinularin induces oxidative stress‐mediated antiproliferation, G2/M arrest, and apoptosis against oral cancer cells and may be a potential marine drug for antioral cancer therapy.
Effects of food‐borne nanomaterials on gastrointestinal tissues and microbiota
Authors: Bouwmeester Hans , van der Zande Meike , Jepson Mark A. 
Published: May 2017

Ingestion of engineered nanomaterials is inevitable due to their addition to food and prevalence in food packaging and domestic products such as toothpaste and sun cream. In the absence of robust dosimetry and particokinetic data, it is currently challenging to accurately assess the potential toxicity of food‐borne nanomaterials. Herein, we review current understanding of gastrointestinal uptake mechanisms, consider some data on the potential for toxicity of the most commonly encountered classes of food‐borne nanomaterials (including TiO2, SiO2, ZnO, and Ag nanoparticles), and discuss the potential impact of the luminal environment on nanoparticle properties and toxicity. Much of our current understanding of gastrointestinal nanotoxicology is derived from increasingly sophisticated epithelial models that augment in vivo studies. In addition to considering the direct effects of food‐borne nanomaterials on gastrointestinal tissues, including the potential role of chronic nanoparticle exposure in development of inflammatory diseases, we also discuss the potential for food‐borne nanomaterials to disturb the normal balance of microbiota within the gastrointestinal tract. The latter possibility warrants close attention given the increasing awareness of the critical role of microbiota in human health and the known impact of some food‐borne nanomaterials on bacterial viability. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2018, 10:e1481. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1481This article is categorized under:

Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Toxicology of Nanomaterials
The true cost of partial fencing: Evaluating strategies to reduce reptile road mortality
Authors: Markle Chantel E. , Gillingwater Scott D. , Levick Rick , Chow‐Fraser Patricia 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTOne of the deadliest roads in North America for species at risk fragments a marsh‐lake ecosystem. To reduce road mortality, stakeholders installed >5 km of exclusion fencing along a southwestern Ontario, Canada, causeway in 2008–2009. Between 2012 and 2014, 7 culverts were installed to provide safe crossings. We evaluated the success of these mitigation strategies by 1) comparing results of road surveys conducted 5 years before and 5 years after fencing installation; and 2) monitoring use of culverts by turtles using motion‐activated cameras at culvert openings and stationary antennas placed to detect movements of passive integrated transponder (PIT)‐tagged turtles (68 Blanding's turtles [Emydoidea blandingii] and 30 spotted turtles [Clemmys guttata]). We also radio‐tracked 30 Blanding's turtles to measure culvert use in relation to home ranges. Turtle and snake abundance was 89% and 53% lower, respectively, in completely fenced road sections than in unfenced sections; abundance was 6% and 10% higher, respectively, between partially fenced and unfenced sections. After mitigation, locations where we found reptiles on the road were associated with fence ends, underscoring the importance of fence integrity and ineffectiveness of partial fencing as a mitigation strategy. We confirmed use of culverts by Blanding's turtles, northern map turtles (Graptemys geographica), snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina), and midland painted turtles (Chrysemys picta). Through radio‐tracking, we determined that male and female Blanding's turtles home ranges overlapped with different segments of the causeway. We recommend that stakeholders emphasize ensuring fence integrity and continuity, limiting impact of edge effects, and conducting a comprehensive monitoring program. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Transpiration of trees in a cool temperate forest on Mt. Aso, Japan: comparison of model simulation and measurements
Authors: Miyazawa Yoshiyuki , Inoue Akio , Maruyama Atsushi , Otsuki Kyoichi , Giambelluca Thomas W. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn the large caldera of Mt. Aso, Japan, artificial grasslands were converted into forests of different species due to the decline of the livestock industry in this region. These changes in species composition are thought to have changed not only the transpiration rates (E), but also the responses in E to variations in environmental conditions. For three introduced forest types, we monitored E using sap flux sensors and computed E with a multilayer model parameterized by independently obtained leaf‐scale ecophysiological traits. Modeled E replicated the time series of measured E reasonably well, but did not reproduce a decrease in E lasting 20 days after a short rainless period in conifer plantation. Mean leaf‐scale stomatal conductance of two deciduous broadleaved tree species was as low as that of trees under dry conditions in other studies, possibly an adaptation for the avoidance of excessive E during rainless periods. These results suggest that land use change influenced E and its response to the rainfall patterns of the region and that drought plays an important role in influencing species‐specific E characteristics in this rainy region. The multilayer model in combination with sap flux measurements was found to be a useful tool not only for the extrapolation of E, but also for the detection of the unexpected events, as long as the measured parameter values capture the species‐specific seasonality in leaf ecophysiological traits.
Probing the Molecular Orientation of Methyl Isobutyl Carbinol at the Air–Water Interface
Authors: Nguyen Khoi Tan , Shahir Afshin Asadzadeh , Nguyen Anh V. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe molecular orientation of a branched and short‐chained methyl isobutyl carbinol (MIBC) at the air–water interface was examined by sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy. The weak vibrational coupling model was spectroscopically validated and employed in developing the data analysis model of this multiple terminal methyl groups‐containing structure. The exceptional frothability of MIBC was explained by its molecular orientation at the interface; MIBC was found to tilt at an average angle of 39o to the surface normal, exposing its hydrophobic region to the air medium. Interestingly, this orientation scheme is similar to the hydrogen bonded OH bonds of the interfacial water molecules.
Prefrontal cortical thinning links to negative symptoms in schizophrenia via the ENIGMA consortium
Authors: Walton E. , Hibar D. P. , van Erp T. G. M. , Potkin S. G. , Roiz-Santiañez R. , Crespo-Facorro B. , Suarez-Pinilla P. , van Haren N. E. M. , de Zwarte S. M. C. , Kahn R. S. , Cahn W. , Doan N. T. , Jørgensen K. N. , Gurholt T. P. , Agartz I. , Andreassen O. A. , Westlye L. T. , Melle I. , Berg A. O. , Morch-Johnsen L. , Færden A. , Flyckt L. , Fatouros-Bergman H. ,   Karolinska Schizophrenia Project Consortium (KaSP), Jönsson E. G. , Hashimoto R. , Yamamori H. , Fukunaga M. , Jahanshad N. , De Rossi P. , Piras F. , Banaj N. , Spalletta G. , Gur R. E. , Gur R. C. , Wolf D. H. , Satterthwaite T. D. , Beard L. M. , Sommer I. E. , Koops S. , Gruber O. , Richter A. , Krämer B. , Kelly S. , Donohoe G. , McDonald C. , Cannon D. M. , Corvin A. , Gill M. , Di Giorgio A. , Bertolino A. , Lawrie S. , Nickson T. , Whalley H. C. , Neilson E. , Calhoun V. D. , Thompson P. M. , Turner J. A. , Ehrlich S. 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundOur understanding of the complex relationship between schizophrenia symptomatology and etiological factors can be improved by studying brain-based correlates of schizophrenia. Research showed that impairments in value processing and executive functioning, which have been associated with prefrontal brain areas [particularly the medial orbitofrontal cortex (MOFC)], are linked to negative symptoms. Here we tested the hypothesis that MOFC thickness is associated with negative symptom severity.MethodsThis study included 1985 individuals with schizophrenia from 17 research groups around the world contributing to the ENIGMA Schizophrenia Working Group. Cortical thickness values were obtained from T1-weighted structural brain scans using FreeSurfer. A meta-analysis across sites was conducted over effect sizes from a model predicting cortical thickness by negative symptom score (harmonized Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms or Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale scores).ResultsMeta-analytical results showed that left, but not right, MOFC thickness was significantly associated with negative symptom severity (βstd= −0.075;p= 0.019) after accounting for age, gender, and site. This effect remained significant (p= 0.036) in a model including overall illness severity. Covarying for duration of illness, age of onset, antipsychotic medication or handedness weakened the association of negative symptoms with left MOFC thickness. As part of a secondary analysis including 10 other prefrontal regions further associations in the left lateral orbitofrontal gyrus and pars opercularis emerged.ConclusionsUsing an unusually large cohort and a meta-analytical approach, our findings point towards a link between prefrontal thinning and negative symptom severity in schizophrenia. This finding provides further insight into the relationship between structural brain abnormalities and negative symptoms in schizophrenia.
Unhealthy food advertising directed to children on New Zealand television: extent, nature, impact and policy implications
Authors: Vandevijvere Stefanie , Soupen Alanna , Swinburn Boyd 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo comprehensively assess the extent, nature and impact of unhealthy food advertising targeted to children on New Zealand television.DesignFour weekdays and four weekend days were randomly selected over the period June–August 2015. Programming was recorded from 06.00 to 00.00 hours (midnight), for a total of 432 h. Audience ratings were used to identify children’s peak viewing times.SettingNew Zealand.SubjectsThe three major free-to-air channels.ResultsThe majority of foods advertised (n 1807) were unhealthy; 68·5 % of food advertisements included at least one food not permitted to be marketed to children according to the WHO nutrient profiling model. The mean hourly rate of unhealthy food advertising was 9·1 (sd 5·2). One-third of unhealthy food advertisements included a promotional character and one-third a premium offer. About 88 % of unhealthy food advertisements were shown during children’s peak viewing times. If unhealthy food advertisements were to be restricted during times when at least 25 % of children are watching television, this would reduce the average unhealthy food advertising impact by 24 % during weekdays and 50 % during weekend days, and if the WHO instead of the current nutrient profiling model were used to restrict unhealthy food advertising to children, the average impact would be reduced by 24 % during weekdays and 29 % during weekend days.ConclusionsCurrent self-regulation is ineffective in protecting children from exposure to unhealthy food advertising on television. The WHO nutrient profiling model needs to be used to restrict unhealthy food advertising, especially during children’s peak viewing times.