bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploratory Visual Analysis for Animal Movement Ecology
Authors: Slingsby A. , van Loon E. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMovement ecologists study animals' movement to help understand their behaviours and interactions with each other and the environment. Data from GPS loggers are increasingly important for this. These data need to be processed, segmented and summarised for further visual and statistical analysis, often using predefined parameters. Usually, this process is separate from the subsequent visual and statistical analysis, making it difficult for these results to inform the data processing and to help set appropriate scale and thresholds parameters. This paper explores the use of highly interactive visual analytics techniques to close the gap between processing raw data and exploratory visual analysis. Working closely with animal movement ecologists, we produced requirements to enable data characteristics to be determined, initial research questions to be investigated, and the suitability of data for further analysis to be assessed. We design visual encodings and interactions to meet these requirements and provide software that implements them. We demonstrate these techniques with indicative research questions for a number of bird species, provide software, and discuss wider implications for animal movement ecology.
In Situ Methods, Infrastructures, and Applications on High Performance Computing Platforms
Authors: Bauer A. C. , Abbasi H. , Ahrens J. , Childs H. , Geveci B. , Klasky S. , Moreland K. , O'Leary P. , Vishwanath V. , Whitlock B. , Bethel E. W. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe considerable interest in the high performance computing (HPC) community regarding analyzing and visualization data without first writing to disk, i. e., in situ processing, is due to several factors. First is an I/O cost savings, where data is analyzed/visualized while being generated, without first storing to a filesystem. Second is the potential for increased accuracy, where fine temporal sampling of transient analysis might expose some complex behavior missed in coarse temporal sampling. Third is the ability to use all available resources, CPU's and accelerators, in the computation of analysis products. This STAR paper brings together researchers, developers and practitioners using in situ methods in extreme‐scale HPC with the goal to present existing methods, infrastructures, and a range of computational science and engineering applications using in situ analysis and visualization.
A Survey of Topology‐based Methods in Visualization
Authors: Heine C. , Leitte H. , Hlawitschka M. , Iuricich F. , De Floriani L. , Scheuermann G. , Hagen H. , Garth C. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis paper presents the state of the art in the area of topology‐based visualization. It describes the process and results of an extensive annotation for generating a definition and terminology for the field. The terminology enabled a typology for topological models which is used to organize research results and the state of the art. Our report discusses relations among topological models and for each model describes research results for the computation, simplification, visualization, and application. The paper identifies themes common to subfields, current frontiers, and unexplored territory in this research area.
A wide mesio‐distal gap in sites of congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisors is related to a thin alveolar ridge
Authors: Bertl Kristina , Grotthoff Verena Schulze , Bertl Michael H. , Heimel Patrick , Gahleitner André , Ulm Christian , Stavropoulos Andreas 
Published: July 2016

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate (i) a possible correlation between the mesio‐distal gap width and the alveolar ridge (AR) dimensions in patients missing the maxillary lateral incisor (I2) either due to agenesis or loss and (ii) the possibility of straightforward implant placement based on simulation.MethodsThe bucco‐palatal width, area, and height of the AR at the position of I2, and the mesio‐distal gap width between the central incisor and the canine, were assessed in maxillary CT scans of three groups: Patients with (i) agenesis of I2 (TA; n = 40); (ii) I2 regularly erupted but extracted (TL; n = 24); (iii) I2 regularly erupted and in situ (C; n = 40). Further, the possibility of straightforward placement of an implant 3 or 3.5 mm in diameter ×10 mm in length, with 1 mm distance from the buccal and palatal plate of the alveolar ridge was simulated and compared to the actual treatment delivered.ResultsBucco‐palatal width and area of the AR at I2 and the adjacent teeth was significantly reduced in TA compared to TL and C. Further, in TA, but not TL, an increasing mesio‐distal gap width between the central incisor and canine resulted in a significantly reduced bucco‐palatal width of the edentulous AR. This impeded a simulated straightforward implant placement in >50% of the cases in TA, even with a reduced implant diameter.ConclusionsIn patients congenitally missing I2, an increased mesio‐distal gap width correlates significantly with reduced edentulous AR dimensions. A mesio‐distal gap of >6 mm was associated with thin bucco‐palatal alveolar ridges, precluding straightforward implant placement in 60–80% of the cases.
Primordial germ cell–like cells derived from canine adipose mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Wei Yudong , Fang Jia , Cai Shufang , Lv Changrong , Zhang Shiqiang , Hua Jinlian 
Published: July 2016

AbstractObjectivesPrevious studies have shown that adipose mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) share the potency of typical bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs); however, there is little information concerning characteristics of canine AMSCs (CAMSCs); it has not previously been made clear whether CAMSCs would be able to differentiate into other cell types.Materials and methodsIn this study, typical AMSC lines were established, and their characteristics including morphology, typical markers and differentiation potentiality were tested.ResultsThe cells exhibited typical MSC morphology and were positive for CD90, CD44 and CD166, considered to be MSCs surface markers. They were negative for CD34 and CD45. The CAMSCs also exhibited embryonic stem cell (ESC) markers, including Oct4 and Sox2, at passage 2. In an appropriate microenvironment, CAMSCs differentiated into EBs and were able to produce cells of the three germ layers. These results indicate that established cells were putative adipocyte‐derived MSCs, which also displayed properties of ESCs. Moreover, when the CAMSCs were induced by bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), they differentiated into PGC‐like cells (PGCLCs) and male germ‐like cells, which were positive for PR domain‐containing 1 (Prdm1), PR domain‐containing 14 (Prdm14), doublesex and mab‐3 related transcription factor (Dmrt1), as well as for promyelocytic leukaemia zinc finger (Plzf). Quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) and western blotting analysis verified higher expression levels of these markers.ConclusionThis study provides an efficient approach to study germ cell development using CAMSCs.
Pushing ‘Global Health’ out of its Comfort Zone: Lessons from the Depoliticization of AIDS Control in Africa
Authors: Hunsmann Moritz 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTBy affecting the lives and survival of numerous people, global health initiatives deeply alter local landscapes of inequality. They tackle some conditions at the origin of ill health while leaving others untouched, and they inevitably generate new inequalities. Yet, despite their inherently conflictual nature, global health players often minimize the political dimension of their interventions. Taking international AIDS control efforts in Tanzania as an example, this contribution discusses some modalities — and political causes — of the structural neglect of conflict in global health discourse and practice. It analyses how African HIV epidemics continue to be framed and managed in ways that obscure both the health inequalities at their origin, and those that result from efforts to control them. AIDS policy makers conceal inequalities by framing the epidemic as a problem of individual sexual behaviour, and by implicitly rationing access to HIV‐prevention and ‐treatment services. Furthermore, the imposition of disease hierarchies set by international fora excludes broader health‐related allocation decisions from domestic democratic debate. Drawing on a theoretical consideration of depoliticization as artificial deconflictualization, the article concludes by calling for a more open acknowledgement of conflict in global health policy making, and explores some analytical and practical implications of such a re‐politicization of public health.
Nutritionalizing Food: A Framework for Capital Accumulation
Authors: Sathyamala C. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTThe food and agricultural industry has long had influence in policy making. However, the active promotion of the private sector as the most viable option for resolving problems of nutrition is a more recent phenomenon. This contribution uses two case studies — the construction of a pure protein deficiency disease in the 1960s and the alleged obesity epidemic in present‐day India — to illustrate how scientific discourses in nutrition are shaped by the needs of capital and how capital determines scientific truths. Under the guise of partnering with the private sector, the boundaries of science and commerce have become blurred and potential conflicts of interest are no longer clearly demarcated. The entry of the pharmaceutical and food industries into functional foods and supplements has created a new epistemic authority for truth claims whose strength lies in the ability to convince through propaganda with little pretence of a scientific base. Thus, the very industry that has been held responsible for several problems in nutrition is now positioning itself as the deliverer of their solution. The reformulation of food needs as nutritional norms has facilitated the emergence of business as a pivotal player with further opportunities for capital accumulation.
Optimisation of triple therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis C: a systematic review
Authors: Pecoraro Valentina , Cariani Elisabetta , Villa Erica , Trenti Tommaso 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundTriple therapy with Pegylated‐Interferon α (PEG‐IFNα)/Ribavirin (RBV) and Boceprevir (Boc) or Telaprevir (Tel) significantly improved sustained virological response (SVR) rates for patients with genotype 1 HCV infection compared to PEG‐IFNα/RBV alone (dual therapy). However, less is known about factors associated with rates of SVR and of adverse events (AEs).Material and MethodsThe aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the evidence regarding the factors affecting response and rate of AEs associated with triple therapy. We performed systematic electronic searches in Medline, Embase, Scopus and Central as well as a list of reference literature. We included randomised controlled trials examining triple therapy compared with dual therapy and reporting data according to patients features and about AEs. Odds ratios (OR) were pooled using either fixed or random effect model, as appropriate.ResultsWe included data from 14 studies. Treatment with triple therapy increased SVR rate compared to dual therapy especially in patients previously treated with PEG‐IFNα/RBV and with increased pretreatment alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. Higher rate of serious AEs and treatment discontinuation due to AEs was also observed particularly in treatment‐experienced patients.ConclusionsThe present study shows how improved results of triple therapy are mainly observed in some patients’ subsets and are accompanied by increased risk of AEs compared to dual therapy. These results might be useful for optimising treatment of chronic hepatitis C when IFN‐free regimens are unavailable.
Convergence and divergence in a long‐term old‐field succession: the importance of spatial scale and species abundance
Authors: Li Shao‐peng , Cadotte Marc W. , Meiners Scott J. , Pu Zhichao , Fukami Tadashi , Jiang Lin 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWhether plant communities in a given region converge towards a particular stable state during succession has long been debated, but rarely tested at a sufficiently long time scale. By analysing a 50‐year continuous study of post‐agricultural secondary succession in New Jersey, USA, we show that the extent of community convergence varies with the spatial scale and species abundance classes. At the larger field scale, abundance‐based dissimilarities among communities decreased over time, indicating convergence of dominant species, whereas incidence‐based dissimilarities showed little temporal tend, indicating no sign of convergence. In contrast, plots within each field diverged in both species composition and abundance. Abundance‐based successional rates decreased over time, whereas rare species and herbaceous plants showed little change in temporal turnover rates. Initial abandonment conditions only influenced community structure early in succession. Overall, our findings provide strong evidence for scale and abundance dependence of stochastic and deterministic processes over old‐field succession.
Resting‐state functional MRI distinguishes temporal lobe epilepsy subtypes
Authors: Reyes Anny , Thesen Thomas , Wang Xiuyuan , Hahn Daniel , Yoo Daeil , Kuzniecky Ruben , Devinsky Orrin , Blackmon Karen 
Published: July 2016

SummaryObjectiveWe assessed whether presurgical resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) provides information for distinguishing temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) with mesial temporal sclerosis (TLE‐MTS) from TLE without MTS (TLE‐noMTS).MethodsThirty‐four patients with TLE and 34 sex‐/age‐matched controls consented to a research imaging protocol. MTS status was confirmed by histologic evaluation of surgical tissue (TLE‐MTS = 16; TLE‐noMTS = 18). The fractional amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuations (fALFFs) in the blood oxygen level–dependent (BOLD) resting‐state fMRI signal, a marker of local metabolic demand at rest, was averaged at five regions of interest (ROIs; hippocampus, amygdala, frontal, occipital, and temporal lobe), along with corresponding volume and cortical thickness estimates. ROIs were labeled ipsilateral or contralateral according to seizure lateralization and compared across TLE‐MTS, TLE‐noMTS, and healthy controls (HCs). MTS status was regressed on ipsilateral hippocampal volume and fALFF to test for independent contributions.ResultsThe TLE‐MTS group had reduced fALFF in the ipsilateral amygdala and hippocampus; whereas, the TLE‐noMTS group had marginally reduced fALFF in the ipsilateral amygdala but not hippocampus. These results were consistently obtained with and without application of global signal regression (GSR). Ipsilateral hippocampal volume contributed to 37% of the variance in MTS status (p < 0.001) and fALFF contributed an additional 10% (p = 0.021). Two MTS cases were accurately classified with fALFF but not volume, and three were accurately classified with volume but not fALFF. At the lobar level, fALFF (with GSR) was reduced in the ipsilateral temporal and bilateral frontal lobes of patients with TLE‐MTS and bilateral frontal lobes of patients with TLE‐noMTS in the context of normal cortical thickness.SignificanceThis study indicates that resting‐state fMRI provides complementary functional information for MTS classification. Findings validate fALFF as a measure of regional brain integrity in TLE and highlight the value of using multi‐modal imaging to provide independent diagnostic information in presurgical epilepsy evaluations.
WONOEP appraisal: Molecular and cellular biomarkers for epilepsy
Authors: Walker Lauren E. , Janigro Damir , Heinemann Uwe , Riikonen Raili , Bernard Christophe , Patel Manisha 
Published: July 2016

SummaryPeripheral biomarkers have myriad potential uses for treatment, prediction, prognostication, and pharmacovigilance in epilepsy. To date, no single peripheral biomarker has demonstrated proven effectiveness, although multiple candidates are in development. In this review, we discuss the major areas of focus including inflammation, blood–brain barrier dysfunction, redox alterations, metabolism, hormones and growth factors.
Mangroves enhance local fisheries catches: a global meta‐analysis
Authors: Carrasquilla‐Henao Mauricio , Juanes Francis 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMangroves are among the most productive ecosystems in tropical and subtropical regions. Historically, mangroves are assumed to support artisanal fisheries, leading decision‐makers to protect mangroves based on this premise. However, this relationship remains unclear, despite positive correlations obtained in different geographical regions. Here, we provide the first meta‐analysis of the mangroves–fisheries linkage at a global level. After conducting a systematic review, 23 publications containing 51 studies estimating the mangrove–fishery linkage were obtained. A random effect model was used to estimate the effect size (Pearson's correlation coefficient) of each individual study as well as the overall effect size. We found strong evidence for the mangrove–fishery linkage with an overall effect size of r = 0.72 (95% CI: 0.61–0.81), and substantial heterogeneity was observed (Q = 143.88, df = 50, P < 0.01). The countries where the studies were carried out were the only significant moderator (QM = 26.07, P < 0.01), while fisheries types (i.e. crab, fish, shellfish, prawn and total) and global regions were not good predictors of the relationship. Our results show that mangrove area is a good predictor of fishery catches overall, confirming the importance of conserving such habitats.
Littoral cell angioma of the spleen: a study of 25 cases with confirmation of frequent association with visceral malignancies
Authors: Peckova Kvetoslava , Michal Michael , Hadravsky Ladislav , Suster Saul , Damjanov Ivan , Miesbauerova Marketa , Kazakov Dmitry V , Vernerova Zdenka , Michal Michal 
Published: July 2016

AimsLittoral cell angioma (LCA) is a rare primary splenic tumour that is frequently associated with internal malignancies. Immunohistochemistry can demonstrate a distinct hybrid endothelial–histiocytic phenotype of littoral cells, and is a helpful adjunct for making the correct diagnosis. The aims of this study were to present a series of 25 LCAs, with an emphasis on the frequent association of the neoplasm with visceral malignancies, and to provide a detailed immunohistochemical analysis by employing new markers.Methods and resultsAll 25 cases with available tissue blocks were immunohistochemically stained for endothelial and histiocytic markers. Clinical and follow‐up data were retrieved from the respective institutions. The tumours were obtained from 16 males and nine females, whose age ranged from 32 to 86 years (mean 56.2 years). Clinical information was available for 24 of 25 patients, and follow‐up for 11 of 25 patients (range 2–19 years; mean 11.6 years). Immunohistochemically, all cases were positive for LYVE‐1, factor VIII, FLI‐1, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)‐2, VEGFR‐3, claudin‐5, ERG, LMO2, CD31, CD163, lysozyme, and CD4, but negative for D2‐40, CD8, and factor XIIIa. Fifteen of 25 cases were associated with various malignancies, including epithelial, mesenchymal and haematological tumours.ConclusionsThe cohort of 25 patients is the largest series of LCAs published to date. By using antibodies against recently introduced endothelial markers, we have expanded the immunoprofile of LCA. We have further highlighted the clinical significance of LCA, as more than half of the patients in this study also harboured a coexisting visceral malignancy. Therefore, we conclude that the finding of splenic LCA mandates a thorough clinical evaluation for a concomitant malignancy.
Effects of film permeability on reducing pericarp browning, preventing postharvest decay and extending shelf life of modified atmosphere‐retail packaged longan fruits
Authors: Khan Muhammad Rafiullah , Sripethdee Chao , Chinsirikul Wannee , Sane Amporn , Chonhenchob Vanee 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThis study was aimed at understanding the role of film permeability in modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) of longan fruits. Fruits were stored at 2 °C in polyethylene (PE) bags of different gas transmission rates (PE‐3000, PE‐6000 and PE‐10000), compared to commercial polypropylene (PP; PP‐1000). PE‐3000 and PE‐6000 maintained the longest shelf life of 46 days. Fruits in the PE‐10000 had the shelf life of 39 days as limited by pericarp browning and decay. The shortest shelf life of 27 days was observed in the PP‐1000 due to fermentative metabolism under anaerobic condition. These retail ready packages can potentially be used as an alternative to or with reduction in SO2 fumigation for longan.
Some results about a conjecture on identifying codes in complete suns
Authors: Hudry Olivier , Lobstein Antoine 
Published: July 2016

AbstractConsider a graphand, for every vertex, denote bythe set. A subsetis an identifying code if the sets,, are nonempty and distinct. It is a locating–dominating code if the sets,, are nonempty and distinct. Letbe the graph whose vertex set can be partitioned into two sets,and, whereinduces a clique andinduces an independent set, with edgesand,; computations are carried modulo n. This graph is called a complete sun. We prove the conjecture that the smallest identifying code in has size equal to n. We also characterize and count all the identifying codes with size nin . Finally, we determine the sizes of the smallest LD codes in .
On White Ignorance, White Shame, and Other Pitfalls in Critical Philosophy of Race
Authors: Milazzo Marzia 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis article examines Samantha Vice's essay ‘How Do I Live in This Strange Place?’ (2010), which sparked a storm of controversy in South Africa, as a starting point for interrogating understandings of whiteness and racism that are dominant in critical philosophy of race. I argue that a significant body of philosophical scholarship on whiteness in general and by white scholars in particular obfuscates the structural dimension of racism. The moralisation of racism that often permeates philosophical scholarship reproduces colourblind logics, which provide individualistic explanations for structural problems, thereby sustaining white dominance. In the process, I show that notions of white guilt, white habits, white ignorance, white invisibility, white privilege, and white shame as they are theorised in much critical philosophy of race share a crucial limitation: they minimise white people's active interest in reproducing the racist status quo. Studies, such as Vice's, that frame racism as a moral dilemma while silencing its institutionalisation and the central cause for its existence and longevity – that is, white people's investment in maintaining economic, political, and symbolic power – further naturalise white supremacy.
Facilitation of attitude formation through communication: how perceived source expertise enhances the ability to achieve cognitive closure about complex environmental topics
Authors: Koot Charlotte , Mors Emma ter , Ellemers Naomi , Daamen Dancker D. L. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAttitudes on which people have achieved cognitive closure are better predictors of future attitudes and behavior than open attitudes. In two experiments, we found that factors in communication (source identity, source consensus) can enhance people's ability to achieve cognitive closure on complex environmental topics through an increase in perceived source expertise. Results showed that participants perceived higher levels of source expertise and felt better able to achieve cognitive closure on the environmental technology of carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) when the information source had an expert identity compared to a non‐expert identity. The communication of consensus by the information source increased the level of expertise ascribed to the non‐expert source, resulting in an enhanced ability to achieve closure.