bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TRPC5 channels participate in pressure-sensing in aortic baroreceptors
Authors: Lau On-Chai , Shen Bing , Wong Ching-On , Tjong Yung-Wui , Lo Chun-Yin , Wang Hui-Chuan , Huang Yu , Yung Wing-Ho , Chen Yang-Chao , Fung Man-Lung , Rudd John Anthony , Yao Xiaoqiang 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBlood pressure is maintained within a normal physiological range by a sophisticated regulatory mechanism. Baroreceptors serve as a frontline sensor to detect the change in blood pressure. Nerve signals are then sent to the cardiovascular control centre in the brain in order to stimulate baroreflex responses. Here, we identify TRPC5 channels as a mechanical sensor in aortic baroreceptors. In Trpc5 knockout mice, the pressure-induced action potential firings in the afferent nerve and the baroreflex-mediated heart rate reduction are attenuated. Telemetric measurements of blood pressure demonstrate that Trpc5 knockout mice display severe daily blood pressure fluctuation. Our results suggest that TRPC5 channels represent a key pressure transducer in the baroreceptors and play an important role in maintaining blood pressure stability. Because baroreceptor dysfunction contributes to a variety of cardiovascular diseases including hypertension, heart failure and myocardial infarction, our findings may have important future clinical implications.
Photo-thermionic effect in vertical graphene heterostructures
Authors: Massicotte M. , Schmidt P. , Vialla F. , Watanabe K. , Taniguchi T. , Tielrooij K. J. , Koppens F. H. L. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractFinding alternative optoelectronic mechanisms that overcome the limitations of conventional semiconductor devices is paramount for detecting and harvesting low-energy photons. A highly promising approach is to drive a current from the thermal energy added to the free-electron bath as a result of light absorption. Successful implementation of this strategy requires a broadband absorber where carriers interact among themselves more strongly than with phonons, as well as energy-selective contacts to extract the excess electronic heat. Here we show that graphene-WSe2-graphene heterostructure devices offer this possibility through the photo-thermionic effect: the absorbed photon energy in graphene is efficiently transferred to the electron bath leading to a thermalized hot carrier distribution. Carriers with energy higher than the Schottky barrier between graphene and WSe2 can be emitted over the barrier, thus creating photocurrent. We experimentally demonstrate that the photo-thermionic effect enables detection of sub-bandgap photons, while being size-scalable, electrically tunable, broadband and ultrafast.
Edge phonons in black phosphorus
Authors: Ribeiro H. B. , Villegas C. E. P. , Bahamon D. A. , Muraca D. , Castro Neto A. H. , de Souza E. A. T. , Rocha A. R. , Pimenta M. A. , de Matos C. J. S. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBlack phosphorus has recently emerged as a new layered crystal that, due to its peculiar and anisotropic crystalline and electronic band structures, may have important applications in electronics, optoelectronics and photonics. Despite the fact that the edges of layered crystals host a range of singular properties whose characterization and exploitation are of utmost importance for device development, the edges of black phosphorus remain poorly characterized. In this work, the atomic structure and behaviour of phonons near different black phosphorus edges are experimentally and theoretically studied using Raman spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. Polarized Raman results show the appearance of new modes at the edges of the sample, and their spectra depend on the atomic structure of the edges (zigzag or armchair). Theoretical simulations confirm that the new modes are due to edge phonon states that are forbidden in the bulk, and originated from the lattice termination rearrangements.
L-proline: a highly effective cryoprotectant for mouse oocyte vitrification
Authors: Zhang Lu , Xue Xu , Yan Jie , Yan Li-Ying , Jin Xiao-Hu , Zhu Xiao-Hui , He Zhi-Zhu , Liu Jing , Li Rong , Qiao Jie 
Published: July 2016

AbstractRecent studies have shown that L-proline is a natural osmoprotectant and an antioxidant to protect cells from injuries such as that caused by freezing and thawing in many species including plant, ram sperm and human endothelial cells. Nevertheless, this nontoxic cryoprotectant has not yet been applied to mammalian oocyte vitrification. In this study we evaluated the efficiency and safety of the new cryoprotectant in oocyte vitrification. The results indicated that L-proline improves the survival rate of vitrified oocytes, protects mitochondrial functions and could be applied as a new cryoprotectant in mouse oocyte vitrification.
Shell-ferromagnetism of nano-Heuslers generated by segregation under magnetic field
Authors: Çakır A. , Acet M. , Farle M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe report on a new functional property in an AF martensitic Heusler Ni50Mn45In5, which when annealed at high temperatures under a magnetic field, segregates and forms Ni50Mn25In25 Heusler precipitates embedded in a Ni50Mn50 matrix. The precipitates are paramagnetic whereas the matrix is antiferromagnetic. However, the spins at the interface with the Ni50Mn50 matrix align with the field during their nucleation and growth and become strongly pinned in the direction of the applied field during annealing, whereas the core spins become paramagnetic. This shell-ferromagnetism persists up to 600 K and is so strongly pinned that the remanent magnetization remains unchanged, even when the field is reversed or when the temperature is cycled between low temperatures and close to the annealing temperature.
A C2HC zinc finger is essential for the RING-E2 interaction of the ubiquitin ligase RNF125
Authors: Bijlmakers Marie-José , Teixeira João M. C. , Boer Roeland , Mayzel Maxim , Puig-Sàrries Pilar , Karlsson Göran , Coll Miquel , Pons Miquel , Crosas Bernat 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe activity of RING ubiquitin ligases (E3s) depends on an interaction between the RING domain and ubiquitin conjugating enzymes (E2), but posttranslational events or additional structural elements, yet largely undefined, are frequently required to enhance or regulate activity. Here, we show for the ubiquitin ligase RNF125 that, in addition to the RING domain, a C2HC Zn finger (ZnF) is crucial for activity and a short linker sequence (Li2120-128) enhances activity. The contribution of these regions was first shown with truncated proteins and the essential role of the ZnF was confirmed with mutations at the Zn chelating Cys residues. Using NMR, we established that the C2HC ZnF/Li2120-128 region is crucial for binding of the RING domain to the E2 UbcH5a. The partial X-ray structure of RNF125 revealed the presence of extensive intramolecular interactions between the RING and C2HC ZnF. A mutation at one of the contact residues in the C2HC ZnF, a highly conserved M112, resulted in the loss of ubiquitin ligase activity. Thus, we identified the structural basis for an essential role of the C2HC ZnF and conclude that this domain stabilizes the RING domain and is therefore required for binding of RNF125 to an E2.
Ultrafast decoherence dynamics govern photocarrier generation efficiencies in polymer solar cells
Authors: Vella Eleonora , Li Hao , Grégoire Pascal , Tuladhar Sachetan M. , Vezie Michelle S. , Few Sheridan , Bazán Claudia M. , Nelson Jenny , Silva-Acuña Carlos , Bittner Eric R. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAll-organic-based photovoltaic solar cells have attracted considerable attention because of their low-cost processing and short energy payback time. In such systems the primary dissociation of an optical excitation into a pair of photocarriers has been recently shown to be extremely rapid and efficient, but the physical reason for this remains unclear. Here, two-dimensional photocurrent excitation spectroscopy, a novel non-linear optical spectroscopy, is used to probe the ultrafast coherent decay of photoexcitations into charge-producing states in a polymer:fullerene based solar cell. The two-dimensional photocurrent spectra are interpreted by introducing a theoretical model for the description of the coupling of the electronic states of the system to an external environment and to the applied laser fields. The experimental data show no cross-peaks in the twodimensional photocurrent spectra, as predicted by the model for coherence times between the exciton and the photocurrent producing states of 20 fs or less.
Percolation-based precursors of transitions in extended systems
Authors: Rodríguez-Méndez Víctor , Eguíluz Víctor M. , Hernández-García Emilio , Ramasco José J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAbrupt transitions are ubiquitous in the dynamics of complex systems. Finding precursors, i.e. early indicators of their arrival, is fundamental in many areas of science ranging from electrical engineering to climate. However, obtaining warnings of an approaching transition well in advance remains an elusive task. Here we show that a functional network, constructed from spatial correlations of the system’s time series, experiences a percolation transition way before the actual system reaches a bifurcation point due to the collective phenomena leading to the global change. Concepts from percolation theory are then used to introduce early warning precursors that anticipate the system’s tipping point. We illustrate the generality and versatility of our percolation-based framework with model systems experiencing different types of bifurcations and with Sea Surface Temperature time series associated to El Niño phenomenon.
Uplift-driven sediment redness decrease at ~16.5 Ma in the Yumen Basin along the northeastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Wang Weitao , Zhang Peizhen , Zheng Wenjun , Zheng Dewen , Liu Caicai , Xu Hongyan , Zhang Huiping , Yu Jingxing , Pang Jianzhang 
Published: July 2016

AbstractSignificant climate shifts in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau have taken place during the Cenozoic, but the reasons behind them remain unclear. In order to unravel the mechanisms driving these climate changes, proxy data with accurate age constraint are needed. Here we present magnetostratigraphy, sediment color (redness a* and lightness L*) and grain-size analysis from an early to middle Miocene (~20–15.3 Ma) sediment sequence preserved in the Yumen Basin on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. In this basin, remarkable increase in lightness, decreases in redness and in ratio of hematite (Hm) to goethite (Gt) took place at ~16.5 Ma. We suggest that these changes result from shorter duration of weathering, climatic wetting and cooling associated with rapid uplift of the Qilian Shan at the middle Miocene.
Newly Diagnosed Anemia Increases Risk of Parkinson’s disease: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Hong Chien Tai , Huang Yao Hsien , Liu Hung Yi , Chiou Hung-Yi , Chan Lung , Chien Li-Nien 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAnemia and low hemoglobin have been identified to increase Parkinson’s disease (PD) risk. This population-based cohort study investigated PD risk in newly diagnosed anemic patients by using data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. All newly diagnosed anemic patients (n = 86,334) without a history of stroke, neurodegenerative diseases, traumatic brain injury, major operations, or blood loss diseases were enrolled. A cohort of nonanemic controls, 1:1 matched with anemic patients on the basis of the demographics and pre-existing medical conditions, was also included. Competing risk analysis was used to evaluate PD risk in anemic patients compared with that in their matched controls. The adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of PD risk in the anemic patients was 1.36 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22–1.52, p < 0.001). Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) patients tended to exhibit a higher PD risk (aHR: 1.49; 95% CI: 1.24–1.79, p < 0.001). Furthermore, Iron supplement did not significantly affect the PD risk: the aHRs for PD risk were 1.32 (95% CI: 1.07–1.63, p < 0.01) and 1.86 (95% CI: 1.46–2.35, p < 0.001) in IDA patients with and without iron supplementation, respectively. The population-based cohort study indicated newly diagnosed anemia increases PD risk.
B Lymphocytes in Multiple Sclerosis: Bregs and BTLA/CD272 Expressing-CD19+ Lymphocytes Modulate Disease Severity
Authors: Piancone Federica , Saresella Marina , Marventano Ivana , La Rosa Francesca , Zoppis Martina , Agostini Simone , Longhi Renato , Caputo Domenico , Mendozzi Laura , Rovaris Marco , Clerici Mario 
Published: July 2016

AbstractB lymphocytes contribute to the pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) by secreting antibodies and producing cytokines. This latter function was analyzed in myelin olygodendrocyte protein (MOG)-stimulated CD19+ B lymphocytes of 71 MS patients with different disease phenotypes and 40 age-and sex-matched healthy controls (HC). Results showed that: 1) CD19+/TNFα+, CD19+/IL-12+ and CD19+/IFNγ+ lymphocytes are significantly increased in primary progressive (PP) compared to secondary progressive (SP), relapsing-remitting (RR), benign (BE) MS and HC; 2) CD19+/IL-6+ lymphocytes are significantly increased in PP, SP and RR compared to BEMS and HC; and 3) CD19+/IL-13+, CD19+/IL-10+ and CD19+/IL-10+/TGFβ+ (Bregs) B lymphocytes are reduced overall in MS patients compared to HC. B cells expressing BTLA, a receptor whose binding to HVEM inhibits TcR-initiated cytokine production, as well as CD19+/BTLA+/IL-10+ cells were also significantly overall reduced in MS patients compared to HC. Analyses performed in RRMS showed that fingolimod-induced disease remission is associated with a significant increase in Bregs, CD19+/BTLA+ and CD19+/BTLA+/IL-10+ B lymphocytes. B lymphocytes participate to the pathogenesis of MS via the secretion of functionally-diverse cytokines that might play a role in determining disease phenotypes. The impairment of Bregs and CD19+/BTLA+ cells, in particular, could play an important pathogenic role in MS.
Diagnostik und Therapie der gestörten Zwerchfellfunktion
Authors: Windisch W. , Schönhofer B. , Magnet F. , Stoelben E. , Kabitz H.-J. 
Published: July 2016

ZusammenfassungEine Störung der Zwerchfellfunktion ist vielschichtig und kann alle Komponenten der Atempumpe betreffen. Dabei erscheint insbesondere die Diagnostik und Therapie der uni- und bilateralen Zwerchfellparese schwierig. Neuromuskuläre Erkrankungen, Verletzungen, iatrogene Bedingungen, Tumorkompressionen, aber auch infektiöse oder inflammatorische Bedingungen können ebenso Gründe für eine Zwerchfellparese sein wie die neuralgische Schultermyatrophie oder die idiopathische Zwerchfellparese. Die Diagnostik umfasst zunächst die Anamnese, die körperliche Untersuchung, die Blutgasanalyse, die Lungenfunktion sowie die Diagnostik der Grunderkrankung. Zusätzlich stehen jedoch heute auch spezifische Tests zur atemmuskulären Funktionsdiagnostik und bildgebende Verfahren wie die Zwerchfellsonografie zur Verfügung. Therapeutisch sind primär ein Atemmuskeltraining, die nicht-invasive Beatmung und die operative Zwerchfellraffung in selektierten Patientengruppen etabliert.
Drought Index Insurance for the Central Valley Project in California
Authors: Maestro Teresa , Barnett Barry J. , Coble Keith H. , Garrido Alberto , Bielza María 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA multi‐year drought has taken a severe toll on the agricultural economy of California’s Central Valley. Index insurance is an instrument with the potential to protect water users from economic losses due to periodic water shortages. An index insurance product based on the Sacramento Index and adapted to the Central Valley Project water supply is proposed. To address the potential for intertemporal adverse selection, three product designs are suggested: (1) “early bird” insurance; (2) variable premium insurance; and (3) variable deductible insurance. The performance of the designs are assessed using loss functions from the Westlands Water District in the San Joaquin Valley.
BioPartsDB: a synthetic biology workflow web-application for education and research
Authors: Stracquadanio Giovanni , Yang Kun , Boeke Jef D. , Bader Joel S. 
Published: July 2016

Summary: Synthetic biology has become a widely used technology, and expanding applications in research, education and industry require progress tracking for team-based DNA synthesis projects. Although some vendors are beginning to supply multi-kilobase sequence-verified constructs, synthesis workflows starting with short oligos remain important for cost savings and pedagogical benefit. We developed BioPartsDB as an open source, extendable workflow management system for synthetic biology projects with entry points for oligos and larger DNA constructs and ending with sequence-verified clones.
Availability and Implementation: BioPartsDB is released under the MIT license and available for download at https://github.com/baderzone/biopartsdb. Additional documentation and video tutorials are available at https://github.com/baderzone/biopartsdb/wiki. An Amazon Web Services image is available from the AWS Market Place (ami-a01d07c8).
Contact: joel.bader@jhu.edu
cisASE: a likelihood-based method for detecting putative
cis
-regulated allele-specific expression in RNA sequencing data
Authors: Liu Zhi , Gui Tuantuan , Wang Zhen , Li Hong , Fu Yunhe , Dong Xiao , Li Yixue 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Motivation: Allele-specific expression (ASE) is a useful way to identify cis -acting regulatory variation, which provides opportunities to develop new therapeutic strategies that activate beneficial alleles or silence mutated alleles at specific loci. However, multiple problems hinder the identification of ASE in next-generation sequencing (NGS) data.
Results: We developed cisASE, a likelihood-based method for detecting ASE on single nucleotide variant (SNV), exon and gene levels from sequencing data without requiring phasing or parental information. cisASE uses matched DNA-seq data to control technical bias and copy number variation (CNV) in putative cis -regulated ASE identification. Compared with state-of-the-art methods, cisASE exhibits significantly increased accuracy and speed. cisASE works moderately well for datasets without DNA-seq and thus is widely applicable. By applying cisASE to real datasets, we identified specific ASE characteristics in normal and cancer tissues, thus indicating that cisASE has potential for wide applications in cancer genomics.
Availability and Implementation: cisASE is freely available at http://lifecenter.sgst.cn/cisASE .
Contact: biosinodx@gmail.com or yxli@sibs.ac.cn
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Between Stability and Change in the Law of the Sea Convention
Authors: Buga Irina 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOSC) contains both explicit and implicit mechanisms to deal with the changing international environment. Subsequent practice has had a significant impact on the development of the LOSC framework and will continue to do so in the future. This chapter begins by describing the process of modification by subsequent practice in general. It then explores examples of modification in the LOSC and looks at the role of subsequent practice in the process of regime interaction between the law of the sea and other regimes. It examines alternative mechanisms that facilitate informal adaptation and regime interaction in the LOSC, therefore reducing the need for modification by subsequent practice. The final section draws some conclusions regarding the evolution of the LOSC.
Maritime Boundary Delimitation
Authors: Evans Malcolm 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of maritime boundary delimitation, drawing on its history whilst focusing on points of contemporary relevance. Topics covered include the delimitation of the territorial sea; the ‘equidistance’ or ‘equitable principles’ debate and the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOSC); the delimitation process; issues concerning the identification of the relevant area, islands, and low-tide elevations; the relevance of economic and jurisdictional issues to the delimitation process; and the 2014 Bay of Bengal Maritime Boundary Arbitration.
Polar Oceans and Law of the Sea
Authors: Scott Karen , Vanderzwaag David 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
This chapter assesses the implementation of the law of the sea in the Arctic Ocean and Southern Ocean, focusing on the issues of disputed sovereignty, environmental vulnerabilities, and access to marine resources. It highlights how the two regions are ‘poles together’, sharing some key governance similarities, such as being subject to general law of the sea provisions applicable to maritime safety and environmental protection. It describes how the regions are ‘poles apart’ by examining the differing law of the sea contexts and divergent regional approaches and challenges to ocean governance in the Arctic and Antarctic, respectively. It identifies future challenges for both regions focusing on institutional developments in the Arctic and the development of new spatially-focused conservation tools in the Antarctic.
Marine Bioprospecting
Authors: Mossop Joanna 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Bioprospecting is the process of identifying unique characteristics of marine organisms for the purpose of developing them into commercially valuable products. This chapter explores the legal regime for bioprospecting. It identifies the legal rules that apply to bioprospecting and the issues that may require future development. It discusses the UN Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOSC) and the 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) before turning to the rules that apply to marine bioprospecting within and outside areas of national jurisdiction.
The Continued Relevance of Established Rules and Institutions Relating to the Use of Force
Authors: Crawford James , Nicholson Rowan 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
This chapter examines the relevance of the international law and institutions governing the use of force (jus ad bellum). It considers a number of critiques centred on whether the rules expressed in the UN Charter are effective in practice, too indeterminate, or too strict. First is the realist critique that views the rules on the use of force as ineffective. Second is the legal critique that the prohibition on the use of force does not amount to international law at all. In particular, the chapter discusses Michael Glennon’s argument in Chapter 3 of this volume that the principle of ‘sovereign equality’ has prevented the United Nations, especially the Security Council, from addressing emerging crises. It also argues that the UN Charter rules, while not always optimally effective, have played a key role in reducing interstate armed conflict since 1945.
Feminist Perspectives on the Law on the Use of Force
Authors: Heathcote Gina 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
This chapter examines the use of force from a feminist perspective and its prohibition in Article 2(4) of the UN Charter. Using structural bias feminism, it demonstrates how the gendering of international legal categories contributes to the harm and discrimination experienced by women worldwide. The chapter cites UN Security Council action in Libya in 2011 as an example of the normative and organizational exclusion of women and the justification of the use of force. It discusses the relationship between race and gender privilege in international law and argues that the Council’s resolutions on women, peace, and security, support, and legitimate use of force undermine feminist peace activism. It proposes a transformative approach to the foundations of international law that articulates the prohibition on the use of force as a useful first step for imagining the potential of humanity rather than justifying further force, further violence, or further destruction.