bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends, Motivations and Complications of Body Piercing among Undergraduate Students in a University in Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: O. Oluwole Temitayo , N. Okunbor Hilary , C. Okangba Chika , I. Otaigbe Idemudia , U. Nwadike Victor , Babatunde Tayo , A. Shonekan Opeyemi. , B. Akeredolu Folashade , C. Omeonu Azubuike , E. Opabola Tolulope , A. Owolabi Hamida , E. Onu Nneoma , L. Nat-Nwakpuda Chimzurum , E. Ephraim Ogemdikachi , A. Ayinde Kehinde , E. Eneji Ukan , J. Elikwu Charles 
Published: October 2024

Background: Body piercing is an increasingly common practice globally. This practice is associated with several health concerns which vary from tissue trauma, allergic reactions, keloids, and infections which can range from local to systemic and transmission of blood-borne infections such as HIV and hepatitis B and C virus. There is limited data in Nigeria on the prevalence, medical and social consequences of body piercing. Hence, this study sought to examine the trends, motivation and complications of body piercing among undergraduate students with body piercings in a university in southwestern Nigeria.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted between August 2022 and January 2023 among undergraduate students with body piercings in a private University in Southwestern Nigeria. Self-administered, semi-structured questionnaires were used to obtain data from the 137 participants.
Results: The mean age of the respondents was 19.43 ± 1.52 years and 59.1% were females. The number of body piercings among the participants ranged from 1-9 with 43.8% having 2 body piercings. The ear lobe was the most commonly (66.1%) pierced site. Males were more likely to pierce their tongues while females were more likely to pierce their navels. The predominant motivations for obtaining body piercings were fashion (40.0%), self-expression (36.2%), and creative expression (21.5%). Most (50.0%) of the participants had piercings done by staff in a professional piercing shop, a piercing needle was the most common instrument used (42.6%) and most (79.6%) of the participants reported sterilization of the piercing instrument before use. Only 8.8% of the participants reported complications which ranged from post-piercing bleeding (2.2%), and haematoma formation (4.4%) to tearing of skin (2.2%).
Conclusion: Due to the increasing popularity of body piercing, there is a need to increase awareness about the hazards associated with body piercings among piercers, their clients and the health services.
Productivity patterns in the equatorial Pacific over the last 30,000 years
Authors: Costa Kassandra M. , Jacobel Allison W. , McManus Jerry F. , Anderson Robert F. , Winckler Gisela , Thiagarajan Nivedita 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe equatorial Pacific traverses a number of productivity regimes, from the highly productive coastal upwelling along Peru to the near gyre‐like productivity lows along the international dateline, making it an ideal target for investigating how biogeochemical systems respond to changing oceanographic conditions over time. However, conflicting reconstructions of productivity during periods of rapid climate change, like the last deglaciation, render the spatiotemporal response of equatorial Pacific productivity ambiguous. In this study, surface productivity since the last glacial period (30,000 years ago) is reconstructed from seven cores near the Line Islands, central equatorial Pacific, and integrated with productivity records from across the equatorial Pacific. Three coherent deglacial patterns in productivity are identified: (1) a monotonic glacial‐Holocene increase in productivity, primarily along the Equator, associated with increasing nutrient concentrations over time; (2) a deglacial peak in productivity ~15,000 years ago due to transient entrainment of nutrient rich southern‐sourced deep waters; and (3) possible precessional cycles in productivity in the eastern equatorial Pacific that may be related to Intertropical Convergence Zone migration and potential interactions with El Niño–Southern Oscillation dynamics. These findings suggest that productivity was generally lower during the glacial period, a trend observed zonally across the equatorial Pacific, while deglacial peaks in productivity may be prominent only in the east.
Early Permian mafic dikes in the Nagqu area, central Tibet, China, associated with embryonic oceanic crust of the Meso‐Tethys Ocean
Authors: Chen Sheng‐Sheng , Shi Ren‐Deng , Fan Wei‐Ming , Gong Xiao‐Han , Wu Kang 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDuring the latest Carboniferous to Early Permian, a possible mantle plume initiated continental rifting along the northern Gondwana margin, which subsequently developed into the Meso‐Tethys Ocean. However, the nature and timing of the embryonic oceanic crust of the Meso‐Tethys Ocean remain poorly understood. Here we present for the first time a combined analysis of petrological, geochronological, geochemical, and Sr‐Nd isotopic data for mafic rocks from the Nagqu area, central Tibet. Zircons from the mafic rocks yield a concordant age of ~277.8 ± 1.8 Ma, which is slightly younger than the age of mantle plume activity (~300–279 Ma), as represented by the large igneous province (LIP) on the northern Gondwana margin. Geochemical features suggest that the Nagqu mafic rocks, which display normal mid‐ocean ridge basalt affinities, are different from those of the LIP, which display oceanic island basalt‐type affinities. The Nagqu mafic rocks result from a relatively high degree of melting of depleted asthenospheric mantle. Combined with observations from previous studies, we suggest that the late Early Permian Nagqu magmatism fully records processes of early stage rifting and incipient formation of oceanic crust. Moreover, the patterns of magmatism are consistent with patterns of rift‐related sedimentation that records the transition from predominantly continental to marine deposition in the region during the Carboniferous‐Permian. We therefore suggest that rifting of the eastern Cimmerian and northern Gondwana continents started at ~277.8 Ma, and the rifting culminated in the opening of the Meso‐Tethys Ocean.
Assessing future vent opening locations at the Somma‐Vesuvio volcanic complex: 1. A new information geodatabase with uncertainty characterizations
Authors: Tadini A. , Bisson M. , Neri A. , Cioni R. , Bevilacqua A. , Aspinall W. P. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis study presents new and revised data sets about the spatial distribution of past volcanic vents, eruptive fissures, and regional/local structures of the Somma‐Vesuvio volcanic system (Italy). The innovative features of the study are the identification and quantification of important sources of uncertainty affecting interpretations of the data sets. In this regard, the spatial uncertainty of each feature is modeled by an uncertainty area, i.e., a geometric element typically represented by a polygon drawn around points or lines. The new data sets have been assembled as an updatable geodatabase that integrates and complements existing databases for Somma‐Vesuvio. The data are organized into 4 data sets and stored as 11 feature classes (points and lines for feature locations and polygons for the associated uncertainty areas), totaling more than 1700 elements. More specifically, volcanic vent and eruptive fissure elements are subdivided into feature classes according to their associated eruptive styles: (i) Plinian and sub‐Plinian eruptions (i.e., large‐ or medium‐scale explosive activity); (ii) violent Strombolian and continuous ash emission eruptions (i.e., small‐scale explosive activity); and (iii) effusive eruptions (including eruptions from both parasitic vents and eruptive fissures). Regional and local structures (i.e., deep faults) are represented as linear feature classes. To support interpretation of the eruption data, additional data sets are provided for Somma‐Vesuvio geological units and caldera morphological features. In the companion paper, the data presented here, and the associated uncertainties, are used to develop a first vent opening probability map for the Somma‐Vesuvio caldera, with specific attention focused on large or medium explosive events.
Development of a remote sensing algorithm to retrieve atmospheric aerosol properties using multiwavelength and multipixel information
Authors: Hashimoto Makiko , Nakajima Teruyuki 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe developed a satellite remote sensing algorithm to retrieve the aerosol optical properties using satellite‐received radiances for multiple wavelengths and pixels. Our algorithm utilizes spatial inhomogeneity of surface reflectance to retrieve aerosol properties, and the main target is urban aerosols. This algorithm can simultaneously retrieve aerosol optical thicknesses (AOT) for fine‐ and coarse‐mode aerosols, soot volume fraction in fine‐mode aerosols (SF), and surface reflectance over heterogeneous surfaces such as urban areas that are difficult to obtain by conventional pixel‐by‐pixel methods. We applied this algorithm to radiances measured by the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite/Thermal and Near Infrared Sensor for Carbon Observations‐Cloud and Aerosol Image (GOSAT/TANSO‐CAI) at four wavelengths and were able to retrieve the aerosol parameters in several urban regions and other surface types. A comparison of the retrieved AOTs with those from the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) indicated retrieval accuracy within ±0.077 on average. It was also found that the column‐averaged SF and the aerosol single scattering albedo (SSA) underwent seasonal changes as consistent with the ground surface measurements of SSA and black carbon at Beijing, China.
Emergent anthropogenic trends in California Current upwelling
Authors: Brady Riley X. , Alexander Michael A. , Lovenduski Nicole S. , Rykaczewski Ryan R. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractUpwelling in the California Current System (CCS) sustains a productive ecosystem and is mediated by alongshore, equatorward wind stress. A decades‐old hypothesis proposes that global warming will accelerate these upwelling favorable winds. Recent analyses provide empirical support for upwelling intensification in the poleward portion of the CCS. However, these studies rely on proxies for upwelling and are limited in their ability to distinguish anthropogenic forcing from internal climate variability. Here we estimate simulated changes in CCS upwelling from 1920 to 2100 using monthly output from a single climate model ensemble, where divergences among simulations can be attributed entirely to internal climate variability. Our projections suggest that CCS upwelling will become more intense in the spring and less intense in the summer as a result of anthropogenic climate change. Anthropogenic changes in upwelling will emerge primarily in the second half of the century.
Solar wind flow angle and geoeffectiveness of corotating interaction regions: First results
Authors: Rout Diptiranjan , Chakrabarty D. , Janardhan P. , Sekar R. , Maniya Vrunda , Pandey Kuldeep 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA total of 43 Corotating Interaction Region (CIR)‐induced geomagnetic storms during the unusually deep solar minimum of solar cycle 23 (2006–2010) were identified using a superposed epoch analysis technique. Of these 43 events, detailed cross‐spectrum analyses, between the variations in the Z component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF Bz) and the equatorial electrojet (EEJ) strength, were performed for 22 events when the daytime EEJ strengths from Jicamarca were available. The analyses revealed that the ∼30 and ∼60 min periodic components in IMF Bz were causally related to the EEJ strength subject to the average solar wind flow being radial to within 6° at L1 during the interval for which EEJ strengths were considered. This investigation elicits the important role of average solar wind azimuthal flow angle in determining the geoeffectiveness of CIR events.
Time‐variant Lagrangian transport formulation reduces aggregation bias of water and solute mean travel time in heterogeneous catchments
Authors: Danesh‐Yazdi Mohammad , Botter Gianluca , Foufoula‐Georgiou Efi 
Published: May 2017

AbstractLack of hydro‐bio‐chemical data at subcatchment scales necessitates adopting an aggregated system approach for estimating water and solute transport properties, such as residence and travel time distributions, at the catchment scale. In this work, we show that within‐catchment spatial heterogeneity, as expressed in spatially variable discharge‐storage relationships, can be appropriately encapsulated within a lumped time‐varying stochastic Lagrangian formulation of transport. This time (variability) for space (heterogeneity) substitution yields mean travel times (MTTs) that are not significantly biased to the aggregation of spatial heterogeneity. Despite the significant variability of MTT at small spatial scales, there exists a characteristic scale above which the MTT is not impacted by the aggregation of spatial heterogeneity. Extensive simulations of randomly generated river networks reveal that the ratio between the characteristic scale and the mean incremental area is on average independent of river network topology and the spatial arrangement of incremental areas.
Average field‐aligned ion velocity over the EISCAT radars
Authors: Yamazaki Y. , Kosch M. J. , Ogawa Y. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractLong‐term measurements by the European Incoherent Scatter (EISCAT) radars at Tromsø (69.6°N, 19.2°E) and Svalbard (78.2°N, 16.0°E) are used to determine the climatology of the field‐aligned ion velocity in the F region ionosphere (175–475 km) at high latitudes. The average ion velocity is calculated at various altitudes and times of day. The magnitude of the average field‐aligned ion velocity is on the order of 10 m/s, similar to previous results at middle and low latitudes. The results obtained for the two radars are in good agreement. During daytime the direction of the average field‐aligned ion velocity changes from downward to upward around 350 km, while during nighttime it is upward at all heights. The reversal height of the daytime field‐aligned ion velocity depends on solar activity. It is elevated by more than 100 km during high solar flux periods compared to low solar flux periods. The Thermosphere Ionosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model reproduces the main features of the field‐aligned ion velocity climatology. The simulation results suggest that the plasma pressure gradient force and gravity force play a dominant role for the daytime field‐aligned ion motion. The height pattern of the field‐aligned ion velocity tends to be preserved in different solar activity conditions at constant pressure surfaces, but not at constant altitudes, which explains the observed dependence on solar activity. During nighttime, the effect of the neutral wind dominates the field‐aligned ion velocity.
Large‐scale characteristics of reconnection diffusion regions and associated magnetopause crossings observed by MMS
Authors: Fuselier S. A. , Vines S. K. , Burch J. L. , Petrinec S. M. , Trattner K. J. , Cassak P. A. , Chen L.‐J. , Ergun R. E. , Eriksson S. , Giles B. L. , Graham D. B. , Khotyaintsev Yu V. , Lavraud B. , Lewis W. S. , Mukherjee J. , Norgren C. , Phan T.‐D. , Russell C. T. , Strangeway R. J. , Torbert R. B. , Webster J. M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission was designed to make observations in the very small electron diffusion region (EDR), where magnetic reconnection takes place. From a data set of over 4500 magnetopause crossings obtained in the first phase of the mission, MMS had encounters near or within 12 EDRs. These 12 events and associated magnetopause crossings are considered as a group to determine if they span the widest possible range of external and internal conditions (i.e., in the solar wind and magnetosphere). In addition, observations from MMS are used to determine if there are multiple X‐lines present and also to provide information on X‐line location relative to the spacecraft. These 12 events represent nearly the widest possible range of conditions at the dayside magnetopause. They occur over a wide range of local times and magnetic shear angles between the magnetosheath and magnetospheric magnetic fields. Most show evidence for multiple reconnection sites.
Applying a Time‐Patterned Typology of Homelessness Among Individuals with Mental Illness
Authors: Brown Molly , Chodzen Gia , Mihelicova Martina , Collins Kelly 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIdentification of subgroups of the homeless populations, or typologies, has been an important research priority to guide homelessness services and policies. This study builds on previous typological research conducted in the general homeless population by focusing on individuals with mental illness to further delineate typologies within a more homogenous subset of the homeless population. A time‐patterned typology based on episodes of street and shelter homelessness over a four‐year period was applied to a sample of 246 individuals identified through mental health administrative records. Four groups were created based upon patterns of homelessness: 26.8% experienced homelessness for 4 years, 13.4% had one episode of homelessness but were no longer homeless at the end of the follow‐up, 48.4% had at least two episodes of homelessness, and 11.4% had a single episode of homelessness lasting 3 months or less. Findings from a multinomial logistic regression indicated that gender, presence of a psychotic disorder, substance abuse, and year of study enrollment significantly predicted group membership. Residential trajectories upon exit from homelessness and at the end of the four‐year follow‐up were examined. Implications for current policy and future research are discussed.
On the Historical and Conceptual Foundations of a Community Psychology of Social Transformation
Authors: Gokani Ravi , Walsh Richard T. G. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe examine historical and conceptual literature in community psychology in order to understand the field's potential to be the socially transformative subdiscipline of psychology to which it aspires. By reviewing papers from two prominent journals and other literature, we conclude that the claim that community psychology is well‐suited to social transformation, because it is a product of Sixties' radicalism and is theoretically equipped, is untenable. Systematic accounts of the subdiscipline's origins suggest that the transformative aspirations of current community psychologists do not correspond to the subdiscipline's reformist past. Furthermore, in analyzing three related concepts currently employed in the field—social justice, power, and praxis—we show that each suffers from conceptual ambiguity and a restricted political scope. These conceptual flaws, coupled with community psychology's historical inclination toward social reform, inhibit the possibility of contributing to radical social transformation. We conclude that neither questionable historical claims nor ambiguous and politically dubious concepts support a community psychology of social transformation. We offer solutions for the historical and conceptual problems we identify and, as a broader solution to the problem of engaging in socially transformative work, propose that community psychologists should seek direct political engagement in solidarity with other citizens as fellow citizens not as psychologists.
Synthesis of Polycyclic Amides via Tandem RhIII‐Catalyzed C−H Activation and Annulation from Dioxazolones and Alkynes
Authors: Zhang Guo‐Tai , Dong Lin 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA highly efficient synthesis of polycyclic amides by a RhIII‐catalyzed cascade cyclization of 3‐phenyl‐1,4,2‐dioxazol‐5‐one and diphenylacetylene has been developed. This one‐pot strategy expanded the application scope of directing groups to dioxazolones.
Surprising Stability of Larger Criegee Intermediates on Aqueous Interfaces
Authors: Zhong Jie , Kumar Manoj , Zhu Chong Q. , Francisco Joseph S. , Zeng Xiao C. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCriegee intermediates have implications as key intermediates in atmospheric, organic, and enzymatic reactions. However, their chemistry in aqueous environments is relatively unexplored. Herein, Born–Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (BOMD) simulations examine the dynamic behavior of syn‐ and anti‐CH3CHOO at the air–water interface. They show that unlike the simplest Criegee intermediate (CH2OO), both syn‐ and anti‐CH3CHOO remain inert towards reaction with water. The unexpected high stability of C2 Criegee intermediates is due to the presence of a hydrophobic methyl substituent on the Criegee carbon that lowers the proton transfer ability and inhibits the formation of a pre‐reaction complex for the Criegee–water reaction. The simulation of the larger Criegee intermediates, (CH3)2COO, syn‐ and anti‐CH2C(CH3)C(H)OO on the water droplet surface suggests that strongly hydrophobic substituents determine the reactivity of Criegee intermediates at the air–water interface.
Highly Charged Protein Ions: The Strongest Organic Acids to Date
Authors: Zenaidee Muhammad A. , Leeming Michael G. , Zhang Fangtong , Funston Toby T. , Donald William A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe basicity of highly protonated cytochrome c (cyt c) and myoglobin (myo) ions were investigated using tandem mass spectrometry, ion–molecule reactions (IMRs), and theoretical calculations as a function of charge state. Surprisingly, highly charged protein ions (HCPI) can readily protonate non‐polar molecules and inert gases, including Ar, O2, and N2 in thermal IMRs. The most HCPIs that can be observed are over 130 kJ mol−1 less basic than the least basic neutral organic molecules known (tetrafluoromethane and methane). Based on theoretical calculations, it is predicted that protonated cyt c and myo ions should spontaneously lose a proton to vacuum for charge states in which every third residue is protonated. In this study, HCPIs are formed where every fourth residue on average is protonated. These results indicate that protein ions in higher charge states can be formed using a low‐pressure ion source to reduce proton‐transfer reactions between protein ions and gases from the atmosphere.
A Metal–Organic Compound as Cathode Material with Superhigh Capacity Achieved by Reversible Cationic and Anionic Redox Chemistry for High‐Energy Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Fang Chun , Huang Ying , Yuan Lixia , Liu Yaojun , Chen Weilun , Huang Yangyang , Chen Kongyao , Han Jiantao , Liu Qingju , Huang Yunhui 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAlthough sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) are considered as alternatives to lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), the electrochemical performances, in particular the energy density, are much lower than LIBs. A metal–organic compound, cuprous 7,7,8,8‐tetracyanoquinodimethane (CuTCNQ), is presented as a new kind of cathode material for SIBs. It consists of both cationic (CuII↔CuI) and anionic (TCNQ0↔TCNQ−↔ TCNQ2−) reversible redox reactions, delivering a discharge capacity as high as 255 mAh g−1 at a current density of 20 mA g−1. The synergistic effect of both redox‐active metal cations and organic anions brings an electrochemical transfer of multiple electrons. The transformation of cupric ions to cuprous ions occurs at near 3.80 V vs. Na+/Na, while the full reduction of TCNQ0 to TCNQ− happens at 3.00–3.30 V. The remarkably high voltage is attributed to the strong inductive effect of the four cyano groups.