bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Burn Wound — Topical Therapy for Infection Control
Authors: Moleski Ronald J. 
Published: July 2017

The treatment of infection in burn victims presents a unique challenge to the clinician. The nature of the burn wound does not lend itself to standard systemic anti-infective therapy. The pathophysiology of the burn wound and the reparative process is briefly described. The common invading pathogens and the clinical signs of bum wound sepsis are also discussed. The manuscript deals with the various topical antibacterial agents employed. Because of the avascularity of many deep burn wounds, topical agents become the mainstay of therapy. Systemic antibiotics have a place in the treatment of burn victims, but their use is limited in comparison with the benefits of topical preparations. The various topical agents are not without hazards and significant systemic absorption is common. The nature and extent of the burn injury, as well as other concurrent patient problems, often necessitate the choice of a particular topical preparation. With proper care of the wound and the correct choice of a topical anti-infective preparation, systemic antibacterial agents will often be unnecessary. Finally, the value of grafting, whether temporary or permanent, is discussed and attention is paid to drug effects on skin grafts and the prevention of bacterial destruction of permanent autografts.
Stability of Famotidine in Minibags Refrigerated and/or Frozen
Authors: Bullock Linda S. , Fitzgerald Joseph F. , Glick Melvin R. 
Published: July 2017

The stability of famotidine 200 μg/ml in dextrose 5% injection (D5W) and in NaCl 0.9% (NS) solutions in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) minibags was studied when these solutions were stored refrigerated at 4°C for 14 days, or frozen at −20°C for 28 days and then refrigerated for 14 days. Famotidine concentration was determined in the refrigerated samples immediately after compounding (time 0) and also on days 2, 4, 8, and 14 by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Famotidine concentration was determined by HPLC in frozen samples at time 0 and days 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42. Solutions were also observed for visual changes and pH was tested at these time intervals. Results of the HPLC famotidine analysis demonstrated 94–107 percent recovery of famotidine in D5W and NS at 14 days in refrigerated samples and 98–100 percent recovery of famotidine in minibags frozen for 28 days then refrigerated for 14 days. Analysis of variance showed no time effect on the concentration of famotidine in refrigerated samples (p = 0.741). Linear regression of the frozen minibag data indicated no time effect. Famotidine 200 μg/ml is stable in dextrose 5% injection and NaCl 0.9% injection when stored in PVC bags at 4°C for 14 days, or when frozen for 28 days and then subsequently refrigerated for 14 days.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Hoffman Dennis M. , Caruso Rocco F. , Mirando Timothy 
Published: July 2017

Thrombocytopenia has emerged as a major hematological manifestation associated with AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients. A study of homosexual patients with thrombocytopenia indicates 93 percent had serological evidence of HIV exposure whereas only 33 percent of homosexuals without thrombocytopenia exhibited this finding. Thrombocytopenia in patients with hemophilia has been identified as an increased risk factor for AIDS development and has been observed in about one-third of children with AIDS. The management of thrombocytopenia in HIV-infected patients poses a therapeutic dilemma for clinicians since many of the traditional modalities for treating immune thrombocytopenia may adversely affect the underlying disease process or further compromise the immune system. Splenectomy, corticosteroids, danazol, intravenous immune globulin, vincristine, and RHo(D) immune globulin have all been used with variable results. A new technique that physically removes antibodies and immune complexes associated with thrombocytopenia is under investigation. Due to either toxicity or the high incidence of transient response, asymptomatic patients may not be candidates for treatment.
Lentiviral vectors escape innate sensing but trigger p53 in human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells
Authors: Piras Francesco , Riba Michela , Petrillo Carolina , Lazarevic Dejan , Cuccovillo Ivan , Bartolaccini Sara , Stupka Elia , Gentner Bernhard , Cittaro Davide , Naldini Luigi , Kajaste‐Rudnitski Anna 
Published: July 2017

AbstractClinical application of lentiviral vector (LV)‐based hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) gene therapy is rapidly becoming a reality. Nevertheless, LV‐mediated signaling and its potential functional consequences on HSPC biology remain poorly understood. We unravel here a remarkably limited impact of LV on the HSPC transcriptional landscape. LV escaped innate immune sensing that instead led to robust IFN responses upon transduction with a gamma‐retroviral vector. However, reverse‐transcribed LV DNA did trigger p53 signaling, activated also by non‐integrating Adeno‐associated vector, ultimately leading to lower cell recovery ex vivo and engraftment in vivo. These effects were more pronounced in the short‐term repopulating cells while long‐term HSC frequencies remained unaffected. Blocking LV‐induced signaling partially rescued both apoptosis and engraftment, highlighting a novel strategy to further dampen the impact of ex vivo gene transfer on HSPC. Overall, our results shed light on viral vector sensing in HSPC and provide critical insight for the development of more stealth gene therapy strategies.
Approximation of capacities with additive measures
Authors: Nykyforchyn O.R. , Hlushak I.D. 
Published: July 2017

For a space of non-additive regular measures on a metric compactum with the Prokhorov-style metric, it is shown that the problem of approximation of arbitrary measure with an additive measure on a fixed finite subspace reduces to linear optimization problem with parameters dependent on the values of the measure on a finite number of sets.
An algorithm for such an approximation, which is more efficient than the straighforward usage of simplex method, is presented.
A note on the necessity of filtering mechanism for polynomial observability of time-discrete wave equation
Authors: Hajjej Z. 
Published: July 2017

The problem of uniform polynomial observability was recently analyzed. It is shown that, when the continuous model is uniformly polynomially observable, it is sufficient to filter initial data to derive uniform polynomial observability inequalities for suitable time-discretization schemes. In this note, we prove that a filtering mechanism of high frequency modes is necessary to obtain uniform polynomial observability.
More precisely, we give a counterexample which proves that this latter fails without filtering the initial data for time semi-discrete approximations of the wave equation.
A Nyírség tölgy-kőris-szil ligetei (Fraxino pannonicae-Ulmetum Soó in Aszód 1935 corr. Soó 1963)
Authors: Kevey Balázs , Papp László , Lendvai Gábor 
Published: July 2017

Jelen tanulmány Magyarország keleti részén, a Nyírség tölgy-kőris-szil ligeterde­inek társulási viszonyait mutatja be 75 cönológiai felvétel alapján. Mérsékelten talajvíz által befo­lyásolt, azonális asszociációval állunk szemben. Állományaikban feltűnőek egyes szubmontán elemek, amelyek az Alföldön általában ritkák. Különösen a Fagetalia elemek gyakorisága jellem­ző: Actaea spicata, Allium ursinum, Anemone ranunculoides, Asarum europaeum, Athyrium filix-femina, Cardamine bulbifera, Carex pilosa, Cerastium sylvaticum, Chaerophyllum aromaticum, Corydalis cava, Corydalis solida, Dryopteris filix-mas, Epipactis helleborine agg., Euphorbia amygdaloides, Galeobdolon luteum, Galium odoratum, Hedera helix, Isopyrum thalictroides, Lathraea squamaria, Lathyrus vernus, Lilium martagon, Maianthemum bifolium, Mercurialis perennis, Milium effusum, Polygonatum multiflorum, Pulmonaria officinalis, Ranunculus cassubicus, Salvia glutinosa, Sanicula europaea, Scilla vindobonensis, Stachys sylvatica, Stellaria holostea stb. E növények főleg a Nyírség keleti részén fordulnak elő, s valószínűleg az egykori hűvösebb, csapa­dékosabb és kiegyenlítettebb klímájú „Bükk I. kor” (i.e. 2500-tól i.e. 800-ig) maradványfajai.
Egyéves füzények (Lythrum) Magyarországon: a Hyssopifolia alnemzetség hazai adatainak revíziója
Authors: Mesterházy Attila 
Published: July 2017

Magyarország területéről eddig az apró termetű, egyéves füzények 4 fajának előfordu­lását közölték. A Lythrum hyssopifolia az ország nagy részén elterjedt. A L. tribracteatum jóval ritkább, előfordulásai főként a Tiszántúl déli részére és a Duna mentére korlátozódnak. A belső-ázsiai elterjedé­sű lenlevelű füzény (L. linifolium) egyetlen európai adata hazánkból származik. Az 1954-ben Tiszaug mellett gyűjtött példány azonban több jellegében is eltér a lenlevelű füzénytől, viszont nagyfo­kú egyezést mutat a Mediterráneumban és a kelet-európai sztyeprégióban élő L. borysthenicum-mal. Ez alapján javasoljuk a L. linfolium törlését a hazai és az európai flórából egyaránt. A negyedik hazai taxon (L. thesioides) egykori magyarországi előfordulását (Nagytétény) herbáriumi példányok bizonyítják, de a faj jelenlegi előfordulása bizonytalan.
Effect of Sowing Dates and Seeding Rates in Yield and its Components of Triticale in Rainfed Region
Authors: I. Tofique , J.J. Mohamad , A. Rasool 
Published: July 2017

This investigation was carried out during two winter seasons (1992/1993 and 1993/1994) to determine the optimum time of sowing and seeding rate, of triticale, cultivar Rowaida which ensure maximum yield under rainfed region.
Results showed that the optimum time of sowing triticale is during 15th October. until 15th November. The delay beyond that period resulted in decreasing the yield and its component. The reasonable seeding rates were 160 - 200 kg/ha.
Ear Development of some Local and Australian wheat Varieties in Different Temperature Regimes
Authors: Rashid Ahmad 
Published: July 2017

The effects of three day/night temperature regimes (15/10, 20/15, and 25/20 for 12/12 hr) on growth and development of ears in eight varieties of two groups of wheat (Local and Australian) Triticum aestivum L. wears studied in laboratory.
The results showed that the spikelet number increased slightly by increasing temperature from 15/10 up to 20/15 c. Whereas, further increase in temperature decreased it in most varieties. the rate of spiklelet initiation was also enhanced, but almost the duration of the vegetative and spikelet phases and the apex length at flower initiation reduced in almost all varieties when the temperature was increased to 20/15 c. With further increase in temperature, the rate of spikelet initiation and apex length decreased in all varieties, but the duration of vegetative and spikelet phases either increased or slightly changed.
In general, the superiority of Australian varieties was evident. Moreover, the correlation between some plant characters were shown.
Strength of fiber reinforced high-strength concrete with stirrups under direct shear
Authors: Saeed S. , Sarhat S. 
Published: July 2017

The paper presents an experimental investigation of the direct shear transfer behavior of fiber reinforced high-strength concrete.
The experimental study was performed on steel fiber reinforced push-off specimens with or without conventional stirrups.
For the specimens with plain steel fibers, significant increases in the shear strength of high-strength concrete were observed. In the tests involving the combination of steel fibers and conventional stirrups, major improvement in crack control and enhancement in shear strength were observed.
Study Hypoglycemic activity of the Rhizomes of Rheum ribes (Rhubarb) in Normal and Alloxan Diabetic Rabbits
Authors: Sabir Dlawar 
Published: July 2017

Blood glucose levels of the normal and alloxan- diabetic male albino rabbits were determined after oral administration of various doses of powdered Rheum ribes rhizomes (Very bitter). It was considered as an effective anti diabetic agent for many decades. In normal rabbit 2gm/kg dose caused decrease in blood glucose. Tie effect was maximum at a 12 hours intervals, after which it was gradually-decreased. The 4 and 6 gm/kg doses also lowered the level of blood glucose of these rabbits. In diabetic rabbit the 2gm/kg dose did not cause a significant decreased in blood glucose. However 4 and 6 gm/kg
doses produced a dose dependent decreases in blood glucose levels .Up to date, 1999 reviews of literature showed no new works in this field.
Parasitic Computer Viruses
Authors: Melhum Amera , Mahmood Susan 
Published: July 2017

A computer virus is a piece of self-replicating code, that is code which can make copies of itself is such a way as to infect parts of operating system or environment.
In this study a new virus has been created "947" virus, which is a memory-resident parasitic. It is capable of infecting COM and EXE files an adds 947 bytes to the length of infected files. The scanning & cleaning programs has been created also.
Paleoinvironmental Reconstruction by Calcareous Algae at Paleocene – Early Eocene in North-East Iraq
Authors: Surdashy Ali 
Published: July 2017

The Paleocene — E. Eocene is typically rich in algae, consisting of wide selection of genera and species such as. Dasycladacean, Codiaceanc, Ethilia Parachaetes and, Archiolithotharninium, of back reef reef and fore reef.
This carbonate sequence comprising the Sinjar, Khurmala, Walash Naupurdan Lst, Underlained by the flysch facies of kolosh, lower volcanic unit of and shally group Naupurdan. Tectonic events resulting in this facies inversion from deep environment to shallow algal carbonate over the large part of unstable shelf basin in Iraq.
The contact between these two different facies is the border between two different tectonic stage, the _first one was the meogeosynclinal trough of Kolosh basin followed bay the second facies of epeiric shelf or ramp which Is the beginning of Molasse or post orogeny facies.
Steady State Temperature Distribution Calculation in BN-350 Reactor Fuel Rod
Authors: Rashid Jamal 
Published: July 2017

The steady state temperature distribution in one dimension for BN-350 reactor fuel rod has been calculated via solving heat conduction equation numerically. The calculations covers the case of constant and variable heat transfer coefficient considering different heat flux and inlet reactor core temperature. The obtained results at average heat flux and core inlet temperature have been compared with reported results, it is found that these results could be a good references for reactor designing and for reactor safety processes when compared with higher values of material melting points.
Automatic Singlet Peak Analysis of Hpnal YsisiOf Hp (Ge) y-Ray Spectrum
Authors: Fattah Aziz , Ahmed Ali , Rasheed Mariwan 
Published: July 2017

A computation program is applied for analysing of y-ray spectra which obtained with high-pure germanium, Hp(Ge), spectrometers in Erbil region. The program concerns the individual peak identification by defining the position and region of the peak that is significantly above the local spectral background. Each peak region,
that is represented by a gaussian function underlying a linear backgound, is fitted by following Marquardt searching method to get the best peak parameters. By using the coded program relative intensities and energies have been calculated for each singlet peaks.
Temperature Dependence of Lattice Thermal Conductivity for some I-III-VI2 Group Compound Semiconductors
Authors: Omer Mustafa , Ahmad Hameed , Mamand Suran 
Published: July 2017

Callaway formula is used to invesfigate the lattice thermal conductivity for nine compounds from the
ternary group I-III-VI2 semicanductors at the temperature range from 5 to 300K. The maximum
conductivities are found to be inthe tenrperature range 5-15K.The effects of the Debye temperature on
lattice thermal conductivity as weil as maximum conductivity are invesfigated in some details. Many
imperical formula are found to relate these compounds with their lattice thermal conductivities. The
effects of carrier impurities (N) on this type of conductivity for the compound CuInSe2 are investigated
and the N^ dependence is fcrund.
Studies on Antileutinizing Activity of Melissia Officinalis
Authors: Sabir Dlawer 
Published: July 2017

The active Principle responsible for the antihormonal activity of M. officinalis is formed from phenolic
precursors. For its formation, an oxidation step was found to be essential. As a test model, an isolated mous
leydig cells were used for LH-induced testoserror realease.
The freeze-dried extract (FDE) of the plant leaves showed an LH- inhibition effect. The pre -incubated
LH-ha,rrrrone with FDE of M.officinalis in phosphate buffer pH 7.5 also showed a clear antihormonal effect,
while the treatments of 20Yo oxidized FDE of Mel. officinalis showed relatively lesser effect than the above
two mentioned treatments.. The most inhibition phase was associated with 20% oxidized Mel. officinalis
(FDE) preincubated in phosphate buffer pH7.S.Oxidation of caffeic acid by the polyphenol oxidase, which
has been isolated from Melissia and purified by ion exchange chrornatography ,also leads to the formation of
oligomers which exert also the LH inhibition to the same extent as the last mentioned treatrnent.So the
addition of 25 pg of (20% oxidized M. officinalis ,preincubated in phosphate buffer) and the product formed
by enzyrne action,brought the LH inhibtion to zero.
Azoospermia in Sulaimani
Authors: Rasheed Aso , Abed Sabah 
Published: July 2017

One hundred patients with azoospermia were diagnosed, investigated and treated accordingly, this is
a perspective study carried on patients presented with infertility, abnormal genitalia, accidental
azoospermia, from July 2001 to June 2002.
Design; clinical diagnosis was made by history, physical examination, and serial seminal fluid
examination, testicular biopsy examined by consultant pathologist and hormonal assay. Objective; to
identify the etiology of the ezoospermia and to determine their future outcome. Results azoospermia
regarded as one of the difficult condition for the treatment as most of the cases are due to primary
testicular failure.Conclusion; small testis with high FSH need no farther assessment better to explain
the condition for them.
Influence of two high Temperature and Age on Some Productive and Egg Quality Traits in Laying Hens (Hisex Rrown)
Authors: Ali Khasraw , Rashid Saman , Ahmed Shwan 
Published: July 2017

Influence of two different temperatures(2l.6 and 25.l C )and five age groups (23-26,27-30,31-34,
35-38 and 39-42 weeks of age) on body weight, feed consumption, egg production, egg weight, yolk
weight, albumen weight, shell weight, shell thickness and egg shape index were studied. Results indicate
that temperature effects was significant only on egg production (p<0.05)^ Age effect, ot the other hand,
was significant for trody weight, feed consumption, egg production, egg weight and yolk weight.
Highest production was obtained at age o{ 27-34 weeks.
Knowledge, Attitude, Practice and Barriers Regarding Safe Sex and Contraceptive Use in Rural Women in Fiji
Authors: Naidu Swaran L , Heller Gillian Z , Koroi Seremaia , Deakin Lauren , Gyaneshwar Rajat 
Published: July 2017

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Fiji has a low contraceptive uptake rate and high rates of unplanned pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). In this paper we report the result of a study on Knowledge, Attitude, Practice and Barriers (KAPB) to safe sex and contraceptive use, conducted on 1494 rural women aged between 18 to 75 years in Fiji.</p><p><strong>Objectives:</strong> To explore the knowledge, attitudes, practice and barriers regarding safe sex and contraceptive use in rural women of Ba, Lautoka and Nadi, in Fiji.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> Structured questionnaires were administered to women presenting to rural outreach Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH) education sessions and clinics conducted by trained health educators and clinicians.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Knowledge on how pregnancy occurred and how to avoid pregnancies was high<strong> </strong>(86% and 83% respectively); but when it came to practice 43% of women had never used a contraceptive. Despite 81% of women having completed either secondary or tertiary education, 88% were not aware of emergency contraception. Fifty three percent of respondents were unaware that condom use provided protection against both pregnancy and STIs. Sixty three percent knew how an STI is contracted but 48% were unaware of any of the symptoms of STIs. Women offered ‘lack of knowledge’ (53%), ‘being married’ (17%), ‘difficulty accessing’ (10%) or ‘partner disagrees’ (7%) as the common barriers to condom use. Forty percent of women were unable to articulate a barrier to contraceptive use and said they did not know whereas 21% said ‘fear’, 15% said ‘partner objecting’ and 5% said ‘religion’ were barriers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While a high percentage of women had some knowledge of how to avoid pregnancies and how STIs were contracted, this did not translate to practice of safe sex or use of contraceptives.<strong> </strong>Review of current education and health programs is necessary to ensure that misinformation and false perceptions do not act as barriers. The influence of the partner needs further research.<strong></strong></p>
Rebuilding the Triad: Including Dads in Maternal-Child Health
Authors: Browne Kelwyn Craig 
Published: July 2017

<p>PNG has high infant, child, and maternal mortality rates that are amenable to early interventions at individual, dyadic, family, community, and health facility level. The National Department of Health has strategies to address these health priorities through the national health plan key result areas. Fathers are not specifically included in the plan to improve Maternal Child Health (MCH), although a Men’s Health Policy is planned. Fathers are an under utilised resource in addressing the challenges to improve MCH indicators and and the broader goals of population level sexual and reproductive health.</p>
The Human Element Of Project Management
Authors: Gillard Sharlett 
Published: July 2017

Much research and dialogue have been published about project management. Studies have been conducted regarding the impact of size, member location, gender composition, cross-functional structure, stakeholder influence, confidence issues, technology usage, management style, generational differences, technical expertise vs. people skills, and a myriad of other topics. Writings regarding the human factors, the "soft" skills, have typically focused on the “what is” and “why” elements of communication and conduct appropriate to project management, often leaving the “how to” in subjection or missing. This article provides additional practical applications to improve project management success.
Pro Bono: What's in it for law students? The students' perspective
Authors: McKeown Paul 
Published: July 2017

<p>In England and Wales, there is an increasing need for the provision of pro bono legal services. Law students may be a resource that can help fill the access to justice gap, whilst at university and onwards in their future careers. Whilst some students are intrinsically motivated towards altruistic behaviour, many are not. This article will consider what motivates students to undertake pro bono work whilst at law school.</p><p>The article will explore the range of intrinsic and extrinsic motivating factors for student participation in pro bono programmes and consider how students can be encouraged to engage in such activities. The article will also consider whether exposure to pro bono experience can instil a public service ethos in students.</p>In conclusion, the article will highlight experience as an influential factor in encouraging initial participation in pro bono work but also instilling a willingness to undertake pro bono work in the future.