bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Epigenetic Perspective on the Midwife Toad Experiments of Paul Kammerer (1880–1926)
Authors: Vargas Alexander O. , Krabichler Quirin , Guerrero‐Bosagna Carlos 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTPaul Kammerer was the most outstanding neo‐Lamarckian experimentalist of the early 20th century. He reported spectacular results in the midwife toad, including crosses of environmentally modified toads with normal toads, where acquired traits were inherited in Mendelian fashion. Accusations of fraud generated a great scandal, ending with Kammerer's suicide. Controversy reignited in the 1970s, when journalist Arthur Koestler argued against these accusations. Since then, others have argued that Kammerer's results, even if real, were not groundbreaking and could be explained by somatic plasticity, inadvertent selection, or conventional genetics. More recently, epigenetics has uncovered mechanisms by which inheritance can respond directly to environmental change, inviting a reanalysis of Kammerer's descriptions. Previous arguments for mere somatic plasticity have ignored the description of experiments showing heritable germ line modification. Alleged inadvertent selection associated with egg mortality can be discarded, since mortality decreased in a single generation, upon repeated exposures. The challenging implications did not escape the attention of Kammerer's noted contemporary, William Bateson, but he reacted with disbelief, thus encouraging fraud accusations. Nowadays, formerly puzzling phenomena can be explained by epigenetic mechanisms. Importantly, Kammerer described parent‐of‐origin effects, an effect of parental sex on dominance. Epigenetic mechanisms underlie these effects in genomic imprinting and experiments of transgenerational epigenetic inheritance. In the early 20th century, researchers had no reason to link them with the inheritance of acquired traits. Thus, the parent‐of‐origin effects in Kammerer's experiments specifically suggest authenticity. Ultimate proof should come from renewed experimentation. To encourage further research, we present a model of possible epigenetic mechanisms.
99mTc‐tricarbonyl labeling of paclitaxel as an antimicrotubule agent and its evaluation in B16‐F10 melanoma tumor‐bearing mice
Authors: Erfani Mostafa , Shabani Zahra , Shamsaei Mojtaba , Shirmardi Seyed Pezhman , Shafiei Mohammad 
Published: October 2016

In the present study paclitaxel (taxol) was labeled with [99mTc(CO)3(H2O)3]+ core. Labeling was optimized, and radiochemical analysis was determined by thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. Radiocomplex was evaluated and verified further as a tumor characterization agent in B16‐F10 melanoma tumor‐bearing mice. The [99mTc(CO)3(H2O)3]+‐paclitaxel complex with high specific activity (0.77 GBq/μmol) and labeling yield (96.8 ± 1.3) was obtained. No decrease in labeling was observed up to 6 hours, and the stability of the radiocomplex was found adequate. Our main achievement was high accumulation of radiolabeled paclitaxel in tumor (4.51 ± 0.65 percentage injected dose per gram [%ID/g] at 2‐h postinjection) followed by significant reduction (1.86 ± 0.27%ID/g) at 4‐hour postinjection. Because paclitaxel is a substrate for multidrug resistance, 99mTc‐tricarbonyl‐paclitaxel imaging would be useful for tumor characterization rather than tumor detection.
Role of PI‐RADSv2 with multiparametric MRI in determining who needs active surveillance or definitive treatment according to PRIAS
Authors: Park Jung Jae , Park Byung Kwan 
Published: October 2016

PurposeTo evaluate the role of Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System v. 2 (PI‐RADSv2) in triaging patients with prostate cancer according to Prostate Cancer Research International: Active Surveillance (PRIAS).Materials and MethodsBetween January 2012 and December 2014, 456 patients with biopsy‐proven cancer underwent multiparametric 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using T2‐weighted, diffusion‐weighted, and dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI sequences, and then radical prostatectomy. Two radiologists independently reviewed MR images using PI‐RADSv2. For AS, PRIAS required clinical stage <T3, prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) ≤10 ng/mL, PSA density <0.2 ng/mL2, Gleason score (GS) ≤6, and the number of positive cores ≤2. For AS, PI‐RADSv2 required an index lesion scored <4. Standard reference was prostatectomy, in which insignificant cancer was defined as a small (<0.5 cm3) organ‐confined lesion with GS ≤6. Sensitivity and specificity for insignificant cancer were obtained with PRIAS, PI‐RADSv2, and both.ResultsThe sensitivity and specificity with PRIAS were 82.9% (68/82) and 70.9% (265/374), respectively. PI‐RADSv2 decreased the sensitivity to 61% (50/82) to 80.5% (66/82), but increased the specificity to 77.8% (291/374) to 90.8% (340/374). The combination of PRIAS and PI‐RDASv2 increased significantly the specificity to 89.6% (335/374) to 92.8% (347/374) (P < 0.001).ConclusionPRIAS using multiparametric MRI can identify a greater number of insignificant cancers than PI‐RADSv2. However, PI‐RADSv2 helps detect many significant cancers that are misdiagnosed as insignificant cancer with PRIAS.Level of Evidence: 3Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2017;45:1753–1759
Power macromodeling technique and its application to SoC‐based design
Authors: Durrani Yaseer Arafat , Riesgo Teresa 
Published: October 2016

AbstractLow power is becoming a more crucial performance metrics in system‐on‐chip (SoC) design. Power function is largely determined by input patterns. The characteristics of these patterns have a major influence on power dissipation.This paper demonstrates power estimation technique using input patterns with the predefined statistical characteristics that helps to analyze the average power consumption of the different intellectual property (IP) cores and the interconnects/buses in SoC design. Genetic algorithm is implemented for the generation of sequences of input signals during the power estimation procedure. The genetic algorithm concurrently optimizes the input signal characteristics that influence the final solution of the pattern. Then, a Monte Carlo zero‐delay simulation is performed for individual IP core and bus at a high level. By the simple addition of these cores/buses, power is predicted by a novel macromodel function. The metamodeling technique is adopted to improve accuracy of the samples of realistic data for the quality of results. In the experiments with the IP‐based SoC system, the average error is estimated at 11.42%.
Effects of conifer expansion on greater sage‐grouse nesting habitat selection
Authors: Severson John P. , Hagen Christian A. , Maestas Jeremy D. , Naugle David E. , Forbes J. Todd , Reese Kerry P. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTExpansion of conifer woodlands into sagebrush (Artemisiaspp.) ecosystems is a primary threat to the greater sage‐grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) in the Great Basin, southeast Oregon, USA. Conifer removal to restore sage‐grouse habitats has been widely implemented, yet limited information exists on the effects of conifer expansion on sage‐grouse habitat selection. Our objective was to evaluate the landscape‐scale effects of conifer expansion on selection of sites for nesting and to estimate direction, magnitude, and scale of effects. We classified 160 nests and 167 available sites with random forests during 2010–2011 to assess effects of conifer cover and tree clustering at multiple scales along with other vegetation and topographic covariates on selection of nesting habitat. Relative probability of nesting was negatively associated with >3% conifer cover within 800 m of nests. When trees were present within 800 m of nests, sage‐grouse nested where trees were clustered rather than dispersed, suggesting selection for more open habitat. Results further indicated that sage‐grouse are nesting in landscapes susceptible to conifer expansion that have yet to be invaded. Sage‐grouse are expected to lose nesting habitat as conifer expansion continues, but management intervention may be a possible solution to increase habitat availability where open space for nesting is a limiting factor. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
S‐World: A Global Soil Map for Environmental Modelling
Authors: Stoorvogel Jetse J. , Bakkenes Michel , Temme Arnaud J. A. M. , Batjes Niels H. , ten Brink Ben J. E. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe research community increasingly analyses global environmental problems like climate change and desertification with models. These global environmental modelling studies require global, high resolution, spatially exhaustive, and quantitative data describing the soil profile. This study aimed to develop a pedological approach that takes stock of available legacy and auxiliary data to create a global, 30 arc second soil property database for modelling. The methodology uses the Harmonized World Soil Database and the ISRIC‐WISE 3.1 soil profile database. Auxiliary information at 30 arc second resolution for various landscape properties is used to describe the variation in landscape properties (temperature and precipitation, topography, elevation, land use, and land cover). Complex mapping units of the HWSD were first disaggregated using a digital elevation model and toposequences to generate delineated areas described by a single soil type. Secondly, ranges of soil properties per soil type were determined using the soil profile data. Then a meta‐analysis on a broad literature survey was used to develop a simple model that, based on landscape properties at a particular location, determines the position within these ranges and thus provides an estimation of the local soil properties. Finally, the model was implemented at the global level to determine the distribution of soil properties. The methodology, denominated S‐World (Soils of the world) resulted in readily available, high resolution, global soil property maps that are now available for environmental modelling. © 2016 The Authors Journal of Behavioral Decision Making Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Mechanically Defined Microgels by Droplet Microfluidics
Authors: Heida Thomas , Neubauer Jens W. , Seuss Maximilian , Hauck Nicolas , Thiele Julian , Fery Andreas 
Published: October 2016

Over the last two decades, droplet‐based microfluidics has evolved into a versatile tool for fabricating tailored micrometer‐sized hydrogel particles. Combining precise fluid handling down to femtoliter scale with diverse hydrogel precursor design, it allows for excellent control over microgel size and shape, but also functionalization and crosslinking density. Consequently, it is possible to tune physicochemical and mechanical properties such as swelling, degradation, stimuli sensitivity, and elasticity by microfluidic droplet templates. This has led to a recent trend in applying microgels as experimental platform in cell culturing, drug delivery, sensing, and tissue engineering. This article highlights advances in microfluidic droplet formation as templates for microgels with tailored physicochemical properties. Special focus is put on evolving design strategies for the synthesis of mechanically defined microgels, their applications, and methods for mechanical characterization on single‐particle level.
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Keeping it in the family: Coevolution of latrunculid sponges and their dominant bacterial symbionts
Authors: Matcher Gwynneth F. , Waterworth Samantha C. , Walmsley Tara A. , Matsatsa Tendayi , Parker‐Nance Shirley , Davies‐Coleman Michael T. , Dorrington Rosemary A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe Latrunculiidae are a family of cold water sponges known for their production of bioactive pyrroloiminoquinone alkaloids. Previously it was shown that the bacterial community associated with a Tsitsikamma sponge species comprises unusual bacterial taxa and is dominated by a novel Betaproteobacterium. Here, we have characterized the bacterial communities associated with six latrunculid species representing three genera (Tsitsikamma, Cyclacanthia, and Latrunculia) as well as a Mycale species, collected from Algoa Bay on the South African southeast coast. The bacterial communities of all seven sponge species were dominated by a single Betaproteobacterium operational taxonomic unit (OTU0.03), while a second OTU0.03 was dominant in the Mycale sp. The Betaproteobacteria OTUs from the different latrunculid sponges are closely related and their phylogenetic relationship follows that of their hosts. We propose that the latrunculid Betaproteobacteria OTUs are members of a specialized group of sponge symbionts that may have coevolved with their hosts. A single dominant Spirochaetae OTU0.03 was present in the Tsitsikamma and Cyclacanthia sponge species, but absent from the Latrunculia and Mycale sponges. This study sheds new light on the interactions between latrunculid sponges and their bacterial communities and may point to the potential involvement of dominant symbionts in the biosynthesis of the bioactive secondary metabolites.
The laparoscopically harvested omentum as a free flap for autologous breast reconstruction
Authors: van Alphen Tert C. , Fechner Maarten R. , Smit Jeroen M. , Slooter Gerrit D. , Broekhuysen Coralien L. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundIn autologous breast reconstruction, abdominal based flaps are by far the most common choice from the wide range of free flaps available. In selected cases, a laparoscopically harvested omental free flap (LHOFF) can be used. Patient satisfaction has not been reported until now. In this article, we report our experience using LHOFF in breast reconstruction including our technique, patient satisfaction, and donor/recipient site complications.Patients and MethodsBetween 2007 and 2014, six patients underwent autologous breast reconstruction with LHOFF. Four patients had undergone radical mastectomy and two patient developed prosthesis complications after lumpectomy and breast augmentation. The omentum was harvested laparoscopically. The gastroepiploic vessels were anastomosed to the internal mammary vessels. A retrospective chart review was performed to retrieve surgical data. All the patients completed a questionnaire about their outcome.ResultsMean weight of the omentum was 224 g. There were no flap failures. Two patients required a second surgical procedure due to complications. In one patient, a salvage procedure was required due to a venous thrombosis, whereas in the other, there was necrosis of the skin flap. No abdominal complications or volume loss occurred. Mean follow‐up was 30.5 months. The aesthetic results were very satisfactory with minimal scars and good breast volume.ConclusionAutologous breast reconstruction using an LHOFF can be used effectively in selected cases. The aesthetic results are pleasing with minimal scarring, good volume, and a soft, natural feeling breast.
Biological Web Service Repositories Review
Authors: Urdidiales‐Nieto David , Navas‐Delgado Ismael , Aldana‐Montes José F. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWeb services play a key role in bioinformatics enabling the integration of database access and analysis of algorithms. However, Web service repositories do not usually publish information on the changes made to their registered Web services. Dynamism is directly related to the changes in the repositories (services registered or unregistered) and at service level (annotation changes). Thus, users, software clients or workflow based approaches lack enough relevant information to decide when they should review or re‐execute a Web service or workflow to get updated or improved results. The dynamism of the repository could be a measure for workflow developers to re‐check service availability and annotation changes in the services of interest to them. This paper presents a review on the most well‐known Web service repositories in the life sciences including an analysis of their dynamism. Freshness is introduced in this paper, and has been used as the measure for the dynamism of these repositories.
A method for representing structural boundaries by mathematical equations and triangle meshes in DEM simulations
Authors: Fang Z. Q. , Hu G. M. , Du J. , Jian B. , Xia R. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryThe representation of structural boundaries is of significant importance for the applications of the discrete element method in an industry. In recent decades, triangle meshes are extensively used for representing structural boundaries. Structural boundaries of industrial objects are composed by regular shapes and irregular shapes in many occasions. A method for representing structural boundaries with regular shapes and irregular shapes has been developed by combining mathematical equations and triangle meshes for computational efficiency. When structural boundaries are represented by mathematical equations and triangle meshes, gaps or protuberances may exist at the connection boundaries between regular shapes and irregular shapes. For the exactness of representation of structural boundaries, gaps or protuberances are identified, expressed and treated successively, so that the geometrical shapes composed by regular shapes described with mathematical equations and irregular shapes described with triangle meshes can replace the original structural shapes. Two series of numerical tests have been conducted to verify this method. The results showed that this method can effectively represent complicated structural boundaries containing regular shapes and irregular shapes and greatly reduce computational cost in the contact detection between particles and structural boundaries. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
T‐cell‐rich HLA‐haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for relapsed/refractory pediatric Philadelphia chromosome‐positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia without posttransplant tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy
Authors: Sano Hideki , Mochizuki Kazuhiro , Akaihata Mitsuko , Kobayashi Shogo , Ohto Hitoshi , Kikuta Atsushi 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIntensive chemotherapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) improves the prognosis of patients with Philadelphia chromosome‐positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph‐ALL). However, the prognosis of cases of relapsed or refractory Ph‐ALL remains poor. Here, we aimed to assess the efficacy of T‐cell‐rich HLA‐haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (TCR‐haplo‐HSCT) in eight patients with relapsed or refractory pediatric Ph‐ALL. Transplant‐related mortality was observed in two patients. All patients discontinued TKI after receiving TCR‐haplo‐HSCT. The 3‐year probability of overall survival and event‐free survival was 75.0 and 62.5%, respectively. These results indicate the efficacy of TCR‐haplo‐HSCT for relapsed/refractory pediatric Ph‐ALL.
Multidisciplinary management of hepatoblastoma in children: Experience from a developing country
Authors: Shanmugam Naresh , Scott Julius Xavier , Kumar Vimal , Vij Mukul , Ramachandran Priya , Narasimhan Gomathy , Reddy Mettu Srinivas , Kota Venugopal , Munirathnam Deenadayalan , Kelgeri Chayarani , Sundaram Karthick , Rela Mohamed 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundAdvances in chemotherapy, liver resection techniques, and pediatric liver transplantation have vastly improved survival in children with hepatoblastoma (HB). These are best managed by a multidisciplinary team (MDT) in a setting where all treatment options are available. Until recently, this was difficult to achieve in India.MethodsAll children (<16 years) with HB treated in a pediatric liver surgery and transplantation unit between January 2011 and July 2016 were reviewed. Data regarding the clinical presentation, preoperative management, surgical treatment, postoperative course, and outcomes were extracted from a prospectively managed database.ResultsThirty children were treated for HB during the study period. Nine children were PRETEXT 4, 7 were PRETEXT 3, 13 were PRETEXT 2, and 1 was PRETEXT 1 (where PRETEXT is pretreatment extension). All children received a neoadjuvant chemotherapy before surgery followed by an adjuvant chemotherapy. Nineteen children had complete resection, while six underwent primary living donor liver transplantation. There were six mortalities including five children who poorly responded to chemotherapy with progressive tumor extension. At a median follow‐up of 30 months, two children who underwent resection and one child who underwent liver transplant had disease recurrence.ConclusionImproved outcomes can be achieved in children with HB even in countries with limited resources when they are managed by MDTs with expertise in pediatric oncology, liver resection, and liver transplantation.
Hodgkin lymphoma, HIV, and Epstein–Barr virus in Malawi: Longitudinal results from the Kamuzu Central Hospital Lymphoma study
Authors: Westmoreland Katherine D. , Stanley Christopher C. , Montgomery Nathan D. , Kaimila Bongani , Kasonkanji Edwards , El‐Mallawany Nader Kim , Wasswa Peter , Mtete Idah , Butia Mercy , Itimu Salama , Chasela Mary , Mtunda Mary , Chikasema Maria , Makwakwa Victor , Kampani Coxcilly , Dhungel Bal M. , Sanders Marcia K. , Krysiak Robert , Tomoka Tamiwe , Liomba N. George , Dittmer Dirk P. , Fedoriw Yuri , Gopal Satish 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundContemporary descriptions of classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) are lacking from sub‐Saharan Africa where human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) are prevalent.MethodsWe describe a prospective cHL cohort in Malawi enrolled from 2013 to 2015. Patients received standardized treatment and evaluation, including HIV status and EBV testing of tumors and plasma.ResultsAmong 31 patients with confirmed cHL, the median age was 19 years (range, 2–51 years) and 22 (71%) were male. Sixteen patients (52%) had stage III/IV, 25 (81%) B symptoms, and 16 (52%) performance status impairment. Twenty‐three patients (74%) had symptoms >6 months, and 11 of 29 (38%) had received empiric antituberculosis treatment. Anemia was common with median hemoglobin 8.2 g/dL (range, 3.1‐17.1 g/dL), which improved during treatment. No children and 5 of 15 adults (33%) were HIV+. All HIV+ patients were on antiretroviral therapy for a median 15 months (range, 2–137 months), with median CD4 count 138 cells/μL (range, 23–329 cells/μL) and four (80%) having undetectable HIV. EBV was present in 18 of 24 (75%) tumor specimens, including 14 of 20 (70%) HIV− and 4 of 4 (100%) HIV+. Baseline plasma EBV DNA was detected in 25 of 28 (89%) patients, with median viral load 4.7 (range, 2.0–6.7) log10copies/mL, and subsequently declined in most patients. At 12 months, overall survival was 75% (95% confidence interval [CI], 55%–88%) and progression‐free survival 65% (95% CI, 42%–81%). Baseline plasma EBV DNA and persistent viremia during treatment were associated with poorer outcomes.ConclusioncHL in Malawi is characterized by delayed diagnosis and advanced disease. Most cases were EBV associated and one‐third of adults were HIV+. Despite resource limitations, 12‐month outcomes were good.
Reliability of the Timed Up and Go Test in Fibromyalgia
Authors: Collado-Mateo Daniel , Domínguez-Muñoz Francisco J. , Adsuar José C. , Merellano-Navarro Eugenio , Olivares Pedro R. , Gusi Narcis 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

Purpose:
The aim of the study was to evaluate the test–retest reliability of the timed up and go test using manual and automatic chronometer (chronopic) in women with fibromyalgia.

Design:
Cross-sectional study with convenience sample.

Method:
A total of 49 women with fibromyalgia, aged 50.20 ± 10.01 participated in the study.

Findings:
The intraclass correlation coefficient was .935 with the manual stopwatch and .955 with the chronopic. The smallest real difference using manual stopwatch was 9.327%, whereas for the timed up and go using the chronopic it was 7.708%. Mean of the three repetitions was significantly different (p = .005) between both chronometers.

Conclusion:
Timed up and go is a reliable physical fitness test for assessing agility/dynamic balance in women with fibromyalgia.

Clinical Relevance:
The reliability is higher when the time is tracked using an automatic chronometer, which is easy to use and not expensive in terms of time and money, the use of this device is recommended in the nursing practice.