bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rare and lacking typical clinical symptoms of liver tumors: Four case reports
Authors: Zhao Yun , Bie Yu-Kun , Zhang Guang-Ya , Feng Yi-Bin , Wang Feng 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND
Rare liver tumors (RLTs) have an extremely low likelihood of forming, and some have been recorded only in isolated cases. The lack of normal clinical symptoms in RLTs makes preoperative diagnosis extremely challenging, which results in frequent misinterpretation. The present case report helps enhance our ability to recognize and treat uncommon liver tumor disorders.
CASE SUMMARY
We describe four distinct examples of rare liver tumor diseases. These cases were all true cases with no conventional clinical signs or imaging findings. In all patients, hepatic occupancy was discovered on physical examination, which raised the preoperative suspicion of hepatic cancer. All tumors were surgically removed, and postoperative histology and immunohistochemistry were performed to confirm the diagnosis. The first patient had primary hepatic fibrosarcoma. The second case involved a primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumors. These two patients had malignant liver tumors, and both had extremely satisfactory surgical outcomes. The third case involved focal hepatic steatosis, and the fourth case involved a single necrotic nodule in the liver. These two patients had benign liver tumors, but they had already undergone surgery and did not require any postoperative care.
CONCLUSION
The number of patients with RLTs is small, and the clinical and imaging results are vague. Preoperative diagnosis is challenging, and patients are sometimes mistakenly diagnosed with liver cancer, which leads to unnecessary surgical therapy in certain individuals.
Ayurvedic Management of Primary Dysmenorrhea with Sapthasara Arka
Authors: Parvathi G  , Maya Balakrishnan  , Giby Thomas  
Published: September 2024

Dysmenorrhea is one of the most common gynecological conditions that affect the quality of life of women. The incidence of primary dysmenorrhea of sufficient magnitude to cause pain with incapacitation is about 15–25%. Udavartha, one among the Vathika Yonirogas, characterized by painful menstruation and relief of symptoms after blood discharge; can be symptomatically correlated to primary dysmenorrhoea. Sapthasara Kashaya, mentioned in Chikitsa Manjari, is indicated in the Ruja of Yoni, Hrith, Kukshi, and Prushta. The drugs in the Sapthasara Kashaya are Vathakapha samana and Vatanulomana in action. Methodology: Here is a case report of an 18-year-old girl who presented with complaints of severe pain during menstruation, low back ache, nausea, vomiting, and giddiness for the past 2 years. Her USG reports were found to be normal and so were diagnosed as a case of primary dysmenorrhoea. The patient was given 24ml of Sapthasara Arka with the same amount of water orally twice daily, half an hour before food, for 60 days. The assessment was done on 0th, 30th, 60th, and 90th days using the Visual Analogue Scale and the Verbal Descriptive Scale. Result: Signs and symptoms were significantly reduced on the 30th day of treatment and they were absent on 60th day and 90th day of follow-up. Conclusion: In primary dysmenorrhoea, the administration of Sapthasara Arka was found to be effective.
A Clinical Efficacy of Marma Chikitsa and Ayurvedic Intervention in Management of Ardhavbhedak (Migraine)
Authors: Rahul Ratan Uikey  , Rita Marwaha  , Pankaj Gupta  , Nisha Bhalerao  , Swatantra Kumar Chourasia  
Published: September 2024

Migraine is a prevalent and disabling neurological disorder characterized by severe, unilateral headaches often accompanied by nausea, light sensitivity, and sound sensitivity. Migraine is estimated to be the second most prevalent brain disorder after anxiety, affecting nearly 41 million adults. In Ayurveda it is correlated with Ardhavabhedaka, one of the Shiroroga out of 11 mentioned by Acharya Sushruta. Ardhavabhedaka is a Tridoshaja Vyadhi. The present case study is subjected to assess the efficacy of Marma Chikitsa and Ayurveda treatment in management of Ardhavbhedak. A 27 years old female patient came to our institute with complaint of experiencing on-and-off frontal headaches, predominantly left-sided, accompanied by nausea and sensitivity to light and sound. Marma Chikitsa, Pathyadi kwath 20ml BD with equal amount of water, and Shadbindu Tail Nasya was given for 21 days. Marma Chikitsa is used for pain management, while Pathyadi Kwath is specifically indicated for Shiroroga in Shrangdhara Samhita and Nasya Karma is considered as the best therapeutic intervention in Shiro Roga by Acharya Charaka. After 21 days of Marma Chikitsa significant improvements were noticed in pain management, while Shadbindu Tail Nasya and Pathyadi kwath also relieve other symptoms, resulting in overall improvement in the patient’s condition.
TEACHING IS INFLUENCED BY THE PECULIARITY OF USING VIDEO MATERIALS ON THE SUBJECT OF PHYSICS
Authors: Aitjanov Nazarali , Sapabek Ali , Khumarkhan Zhantilek , Shayakhmet Almas , Maxutov Samat , Onggarov Zeiin 
Published: September 2024

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of teaching methods utilizing video materials in enhancing student learning outcomes, particularly in the context of physics education. Recognizing the challenges students face in comprehending new topics and the discipline of physics, we endeavored to identify obstacles hindering effective learning. Drawing upon existing research and methodologies, we conducted tests designed to assess the suitability and efficacy of video-based instruction in facilitating student understanding. Additionally, we administered a questionnaire to gauge student perceptions of the teaching methods employed. The questionnaire comprised 20 distinct inquiries aimed at elucidating the perceived effectiveness of the instructional approach. Forty-two students from the "Boarding Lyceum №3 'Bilim-innovation'" in the Ulytau region participated in the study. Through analysis of the collected data, we observed notable shifts in student attitudes towards the subject, enhanced comprehension of physics concepts, and increased engagement in classroom activities. This research contributes to the ongoing discourse on innovative teaching methodologies and their impact on student learning outcomes, particularly in the realm of physics education. The findings offer valuable insights for educators seeking to optimize instructional strategies and foster a conducive learning environment for students.
ĐẶC ĐIỂM TỔN THƯƠNG DA ĐẦU CỦA VẢY NẾN VÀ VIÊM DA TIẾT BÃ QUA PHÂN TÍCH BẰNG DERMOSCOPY
Authors: Danh Bảo Khánh , Văn Thế Trung 
Published: September 2024

Mục tiêu: Mô tả đặc điểm tổn thương da đầu của bệnh vảy nến và viêm da tiết bã qua phân tích bằng dermoscopy ở những bệnh nhân đến khám tại bệnh viện Da liễu Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh từ tháng 11/2022 đến tháng 05/2023. Phương pháp: Nghiên cứu mô tả hàng loạt ca trên 97 bệnh nhân vảy nến và 77 bệnh nhân viêm da tiết bã có tổn thương da đầu được chẩn đoán bệnh trên lâm sàng sau đó chụp phân tích da đầu bằng dermoscopy. Kết quả: Tuổi trung vị của nhóm bệnh vảy nến là 42, viêm da tiết bã là 33. Tỉ lệ nữ:nam trong bệnh vảy nến là 1:1,4; tỉ lệ nữ:nam trong bệnh viêm da tiết bã là 1:2,4. Qua quan sát da đầu bằng mắt thường cho thấy các đặc điểm nổi bật ở bệnh vảy nến: màu sắc thương tổn đỏ tươi (79,38%), ranh giới rõ (73,2%), vảy trắng (85,57%) và dày (51,55%); các đặc điểm nổi bật ở bệnh viêm da tiết bã: màu sắc thương tổn đỏ sẫm (68,83%), ranh giới không rõ (58,44%), vảy trắng (66,23%) và mỏng (63,64%). Kết quả dermoscopy được ghi nhận trong nghiên cứu của chúng tôi như sau: các đặc điểm thường gặp nhất của vảy nến: mạch máu phân bố đồng đều (91,75%), hình chấm, cuộn mạch (90,72%), vảy phân bố lan toả (28,87%); các đặc điểm thường gặp nhất của viêm da tiết bã: mạch máu phân bố không đồng đều (68,83%), hình dấu phẩy (76,62%), vảy phân bố quanh chân tóc (51,95%). Kết luận: Có thể sử dụng dermoscopy để hỗ trợ nhận biết hai bệnh trên lâm sàng.
A model for VAT standardization in Nigeria: Enhancing collection and compliance
Authors: Edith Ebele Agu  , Mobolaji Olalekan Komolafe  , Onyinye Gift Ejike  , Chikezie Paul-Mikki Ewim  , Ifeanyi Chukwunonso Okeke  
Published: September 2024

This paper explores a proposed model for the standardization of Value-Added Tax (VAT) in Nigeria, aiming to enhance both collection efficiency and compliance. VAT is a significant revenue source for Nigeria; however, inefficiencies in its collection and compliance present challenges to economic development. The study addresses these issues by proposing a comprehensive model that integrates global best practices with local context. The proposed model includes the uniform application of VAT rates across sectors, standardized invoicing and documentation procedures, and the adoption of advanced technological solutions for VAT monitoring and reporting. By standardizing VAT procedures and leveraging technology, the model seeks to reduce discrepancies and errors, streamline compliance, and enhance transparency. The methodology involves a thorough review of existing literature, comparative analysis of VAT systems in other countries, and case studies of past VAT standardization attempts in Nigeria. The study uses qualitative and quantitative data to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed model and its potential impact on VAT collection and compliance. The findings indicate that implementing the model could significantly improve VAT collection efficiency and compliance rates, contributing to a more robust and transparent tax system. The paper concludes with recommendations for policymakers on adopting and refining the proposed model, along with suggestions for further research to address ongoing challenges in VAT administration.
Keywords: Model, VAT, Standardization, Nigeria, Enhancing Collection, Compliance.
Assessing the effectiveness of SO2, NOx, and NH3 emission reductions in mitigating winter PM2.5 in Taiwan using CMAQ
Authors: Huang Ping-Chieh , Hung Hui-Ming , Lai Hsin-Chih , Chou Charles C.-K. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract. Taiwan experiences higher air pollution in winter when fine particulate matter (PM2.5) levels frequently surpass national standards. This study employs the Community Multiscale Air Quality model to assess the effectiveness of reducing SO2, NOx, and NH3 emissions on PM2.5 secondary inorganic species (i.e., SO42-, NO3-, and NH4+). For sulfate, ∼ 43.7 % is derived from the chemical reactions of local SO2 emission, emphasizing the substantial contribution of regionally transported sulfate. In contrast, nitrate and ammonium are predominantly influenced by local NOx and NH3 emissions. Reducing SO2 emissions decreases sulfate levels, which in turn leads to more NH3 remaining in the gas phase, resulting in lower ammonium concentrations. Similarly, reducing NOx emissions lowers HNO3 formation, impacting nitrate and ammonium concentrations by decreasing the available HNO3 and leaving more NH3 in the gas phase. A significant finding is that reducing NH3 emissions decreases not only ammonium and nitrate but also sulfate by altering cloud droplet pH and SO2 oxidation processes. While the impact of SO2 reduction on PM2.5 is less than that of NOx and NH3, it emphasizes the complexity of regional sensitivities. Most of western Taiwan is NOx-sensitive, so reducing NOx emissions has a more substantial impact on lowering PM2.5 levels. However, given the higher mass emissions of NOx than NH3 in Taiwan, NH3 has a more significant consequence in mitigating PM2.5 per unit mass emission reduction (i.e., 2.43 × 10−5 and 0.85 × 10−5 µg m−3 (t yr−1)−1​​​​​​​ for NH3 and NOx, respectively, under current emission reduction). The cost-effectiveness analysis suggests that NH3 reduction outperforms SO2 and NOx reduction (i.e., USD 0.06 billion yr−1 µg−1 m3, USD 0.1 billion yr−1 µg−1 m3, and USD 1 billion yr−1 µg−1 m3 for NH3, SO2, and NOx, respectively, under the current emission reduction). Nevertheless, the costs of emission reduction vary due to differences in methodology and regional emission sources. Overall, this study considers both the efficiency and costs, highlighting NH3 emissions reduction as a promising strategy for PM2.5 mitigation in the studied environment in Taiwan.
A continental reconstruction of hydroclimatic variability in South America during the past 2000 years
Authors: Choblet Mathurin A. , Bühler Janica C. , Novello Valdir F. , Steiger Nathan J. , Rehfeld Kira 
Published: September 2024

Abstract. Paleoclimatological field reconstructions are valuable for understanding past hydroclimatic variability, which is crucial for assessing potential future hydroclimate changes. Despite being as impactful on societies as temperature variability, hydroclimatic variability – particularly beyond the instrumental record – has received less attention. The reconstruction of globally complete fields of climate variables lacks adequate proxy data from tropical regions like South America, limiting our understanding of past hydroclimatic changes in these areas. This study addresses this gap using low-resolution climate archives, including speleothems, previously omitted from reconstructions. Speleothems record climate variations on decadal to centennial timescales and provide a rich dataset for the otherwise proxy-data-scarce region of tropical South America. By employing a multi-timescale paleoclimate data assimilation approach, we synthesize climate proxy records and climate model simulations capable of simulating water isotopologs in the atmosphere to reconstruct 2000 years of South American climate. This includes surface air temperature, precipitation amount, drought index, isotopic composition of precipitation amount and the intensity of the South American Summer Monsoon. The reconstruction reveals anomalous climate periods: a wetter and colder phase during the Little Ice Age (∼ 1500–1850 CE) and a drier, warmer period corresponding to the early Medieval Climate Anomaly (∼ 600–900 CE). However, these patterns are not uniform across the continent, with climate trends in northeastern Brazil and the Southern Cone not following the patterns of the rest of the continent, indicating regional variability. The anomalies are more pronounced than in previous reconstructions but match trends found in local proxy record studies, thus highlighting the importance of including speleothem proxies. The multi-timescale approach is essential for reconstructing multi-decadal and centennial climate variability. Despite methodological uncertainties regarding climate model biases and proxy record interpretations, this study marks a crucial first step in incorporating low-resolution proxy records such as speleothems into climate field reconstructions using a multi-timescale approach. Adequately extracting and using the information from speleothems potentially enhances insights into past hydroclimatic variability and hydroclimate projections.
A new lightning scheme in the Canadian Atmospheric Model (CanAM5.1): implementation, evaluation, and projections of lightning and fire in future climates
Authors: Whaley Cynthia , Etten-Bohm Montana , Schumacher Courtney , Akingunola Ayodeji , Arora Vivek , Cole Jason , Lazare Michael , Plummer David , von Salzen Knut , Winter Barbara 
Published: September 2024

Abstract. Lightning is an important atmospheric process for generating reactive nitrogen, resulting in the production of tropospheric ozone, as well as igniting wildland fires, which result in potentially large emissions of many pollutants and short-lived climate forcers. Lightning is also expected to change in frequency and location with the changing climate. As such, lightning is an important component of Earth system models. Until now, the Canadian Earth System Model (CanESM) did not contain an interactive-lightning parameterization. The fire parameterization in CanESM5.1 was designed to use prescribed monthly climatological lightning. In this study, we have added a logistical regression lightning model that predicts lightning occurrence interactively based on three environmental variables and their interactions in CanESM5.1's atmospheric model, CanAM5.1 (Canadian Atmospheric Model), creating the capacity to interactively model lightning, allowing for future projections under different climate scenarios. The modelled lightning and resulting burned area were evaluated against satellite measurements over the historical period, and model biases were found to be acceptable. Modelled lightning had a small negative bias and excellent land–ocean ratio compared to satellite measurements. The modified version of CanESM5.1 was used to simulate two future climate scenarios (SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5; Shared Socioeconomic Pathway) to assess how lightning and burned area change in the future. Under the higher-emissions scenario (SSP5-8.5), CanESM5.1 predicts almost no change to the global mean lightning flash rate by the end of the century (2081–2100 vs. 2015–2035 average). However, there are substantial regional changes to lightning – particularly over land – such as a mean increase of 6 % in the northern mid-latitudes and decrease of −8 % in the tropics. By the century's end, the change in global total burned area with prescribed climatological lightning was about 2 times greater than that with interactive lightning (42 % vs. 26 % increase, respectively). Conversely, in the northern mid-latitudes the use of interactive lightning resulted in 3 times more burned area compared to that with unchanging lightning (48 % vs. 16 % increase, respectively). These results show that the future changes to burned area are greatly dependent on a model's lightning scheme, both spatially and overall.
The long-term sea-level commitment from Antarctica
Authors: Klose Ann Kristin , Coulon Violaine , Pattyn Frank , Winkelmann Ricarda 
Published: September 2024

Abstract. The evolution of the Antarctic Ice Sheet is of vital importance given the coastal and societal implications of ice loss, with a potential to raise sea level by up to 58 m if it melts entirely. However, future ice-sheet trajectories remain highly uncertain. One of the main sources of uncertainty is related to nonlinear processes and feedbacks between the ice sheet and the Earth System on different timescales. Due to these feedbacks and ice-sheet inertia, ice loss may already be triggered in the next decades or centuries and will then unfold thereafter on timescales on the order of multiple centuries to millennia. This committed Antarctic sea-level contribution is not reflected in typical sea-level projections based on mass balance changes of the Antarctic Ice Sheet, which often cover decadal-to-centennial timescales. Here, using two ice-sheet models, we systematically assess the long-term multi-millennial sea-level commitment from Antarctica in response to warming projected over the next centuries under low- and high-emission pathways. This allows us to bring together the time horizon of stakeholder planning and the much longer response times of the Antarctic Ice Sheet. Our results show that warming levels representative of the lower-emission pathway, SSP1-2.6, may already result in an Antarctic mass loss of up to 6 m of sea-level equivalent on multi-millennial timescales. This committed mass loss is due to a strong grounding-line retreat in the West Antarctic Amundsen Sea embayment as well as potential drainage from the Ross Ice Shelf catchment and onset of ice loss from Wilkes subglacial basin in East Antarctica. Beyond the warming levels reached by the end of this century under the higher-emission trajectory, SSP5-8.5, a collapse of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet is triggered in the entire ensemble of simulations from both ice-sheet models. Under enhanced warming, next to ice loss from the marine subglacial basins, we also find a substantial decline in ice volume grounded above sea level in East Antarctica. Over the next millennia, this gives rise to a sea-level increase of up to 40 m in our simulations, stressing the importance of including the committed Antarctic sea-level contribution in future projections.
Easements: law enforcement and prospects of civil law regulation
Authors: Schennikova L. V. 
Published: September 2024

The subject of the study is easements as a special and ancient type of rights to other people's land plots.The article presents a scientific analysis of certain aspects and properties of servitude law through the prism of modern judicial practice and on the basis of conclusions drawn in the research of modern foreign civilists.The purpose of the article is to show the new possibilities of the well-known civil law structure (easements), including from the point of view of the implementation of the task of increasingly satisfying the needs of citizens, including recreational needs.General scientific methods were used: analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, comparison and description, as well as special methods of cognition of legal reality: historical-legal, formal-legal, comparative-legal, legal modeling.Scientific results:It is proved that the institutions of property law, including the institution of easements, cannot be indifferent to the social problems of our time, including a great role in meeting the diverse needs of citizens, including recreational.It is established that modern judicial practice in cases of easements, proving the effectiveness of justice, actually protects public interests, preventing the formal legal use of the design of easements, detracting from the task of more and more fully satisfying the needs of people in active recreation and recovery.It is emphasized that foreign civil law is actively searching for new models of property law regulation, offering their use taking into account the social tasks of civil law regulation. Attention is drawn to the fundamental conclusions of civilists related to the methodology of assessing real estate burdened with an easement, the separation of easements with other limited property rights, the improvement of forms of protection of this right.The construction of an environmental easement aimed at preserving the landscape, biodiversity, ecosystems and new opportunities for public admission of citizens to private lands for recreation and active recreation is proposed as promising for the introduction into Russian civil legislation.