bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The art of discovering - experiences of novice researchers
Authors: Åge Lars-Johan , Gustavsson Bengt 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to conceptualize and analyse novice researchers experiences of the Glaserian grounded theory methodology.

Design/methodology/approach
The gorunded theory analytical procedures were applied.

Findings
The paper suggests that the creative freedom inherited in the Glaserian grounded theory approach empowers novice researchers, and many students reported positive emotions related to this freedom. At the same time, this freedom can represent a difficulty. Several students thought the tabula rasa instruction was something of a paradox, and the instructions within the methodology to “be without preconceptions”, “let the theory emerge”, and “find the social process” was difficult for most students to understand. However, some students found that they could counteract this difficulty via a systematic coding process and by working in pairs that enabled them to conduct an analytical dialogue.

Originality/value
This is the first study that investigates the way that novice researchers experience the Glaserian grounded theory methodology.
Models of Textile Magnetic Core
Authors: Zięba Janusz 
Published: April 2016

This paper introduces two types of textile magnetic elements: mechanical-magnetic and circuital. Textile magnetic cores consist of elementary monofilament magnetic fibres. Textile magnetic coils which are composed of a textile carcass, winding (electro-conductive yarn or wire) and magnetic fibres are presented. Textile magnetic elements are mainly textile cores which are the basic elements of textile electromagnetic devices such as sensors, actuators and transformers. Textile sensors are used to measure human physiological parameters such as breathing rhythm and pulse.
One of the most interesting applications of magnetic non-wovens is magnetic shielding. I present macroscopic magneto-mechanical and magnetic models circuital which will possibly be the basis for future mathematical description and simulation procedures of magnetic fibres and textile magnetic cores. The analysis results of transversal and longitudinal magnetic fibres are also presented. The mathematical problem of designing textile magnetic cores with the interlacement of the magnetic fibres is described. A block diagram for simulation models created by the Matlab-Simulink program is presented.
Smart Textile Materials by Surface Modification with Biopolymeric Systems
Authors: JOCIC Dragan 
Published: April 2016

The aim of this study is to provide an overview of the possibilities of obtaining “smart” surface modifying systems (SMSs) based on biopolymer chitosan hydrogels, and to discuss the possible problems of obtaining “smart” textile materials by attaching these surface modifying systems to regular textile materials. Due to the fact that chitosan based, pH-sensitive, temperature-sensitive and temperature/pH dual-sensitive hydrogels are of special interest in designing "smart" textile materials, current developments in the preparation of chitosan based hydrogels are reviewed.
However, since the main challenge of developing “smart” textile materials is confined to the techniques of successful attachment of the hydrogel layer to the textile substrate, strategies for successful attachment of “smart” hydrogels are presented. It is expected that this innovative strategy will enable creating of new enhanced textile materials, which not only contain fibres that maintain the advantageous and conventional properties but also advanced functionalities and/or environmental responsiveness implemented by modifying the very thin surface layer of the material.
Analysis of Supply Chain Strategies Used by The United States Textile and Apparel Industries
Authors: Berdine Matt , Parrish Erin , Cassill Nancy L. , Oxenham William , Jones Michelle R. 
Published: April 2016

Due to the highly competitive nature of an increasingly global market, textile and apparel firms are being challenged to leverage and enhance their core competencies in order to maintain and potentially increase market share. A strategy being explored is increasing supply chain efficiencies with the goal of reducing costs and improving customer service levels. This research seeks to explore such supply chain strategies which are currently being used into addition to the product costing and outsourcing decision analysis. Executives within the fiber and yarn, textile, apparel and retail industries are quantitatively and qualitatively interviewed in order to examine these issues.
Results show that firms are using a blended sourcing strategy in order to minimize risk and leverage manufacturing capabilities. Quality, cost and reliability of delivery are all indicated as important in terms of sourcing criteria. The results provide insight into the decision process and a framework for increasing efficiency resulting in increased international competitiveness.
Dyeing Properties of Natural Dyes Extracted from Turmeric and their Comparison with Reactive Dyeing
Authors: Umbreen Saima , Ali Shaukat , Hussain Tanveer , Nawaz Rakhshanda 
Published: April 2016

A natural dye is extracted from turmeric and used to dye cotton at different dyeing conditions. Then the fastness properties of the dyeings with different dyeing techniques are compared. The dye is found to have good saturation and rubbing fastness, but poor washing and light fastness properties on cotton, when applied without any mordant. When dyeing is implemented with mordants, washing and light fastness properties show improvement while rubbing fastness exhibits deterioration.Finally, comparative studies between natural and synthetic reactive dyes reveal that the natural dye has the potential to act as a co-partner with reactive dyes with a few compromises.
Development of Cosmetic Textiles Using Microencapsulation Technology
Authors: Cheng S.Y. , Yuen C.W.M. , Kan C.W. , Cheuk K.K.L. 
Published: April 2016

In recent years, textile materials have been found in applications in the cosmetics field. A new sector of cosmetic textiles is introduced and several commercial cosmetic textile products are currently available in the market. On contact with human body and skin, cosmetic textiles are designed to transfer an active substance for cosmetic purposes. The principle is achieved by simply imparting the cosmetic and pharmaceutical ingredients into the fabric of clothing so that with the natural movement of the body, the skin is slowly freshened and revitalised.
Microencapsulation technology is an effective technique used to control the release properties of active ingredients that prolong the functionality of cosmetic textiles. This paper will address the historical background of microencapsulation technology, its significant advantages and the most commonly used microencapsulation methods. Some typical examples of commercially available microencapsulation based cosmetic textile products will also be examined. Recent applications, as well as potential development in cosmetic textiles production, will be discussed.
Improvement on Hydrophobicity of Synthetic Textiles by Plasma Treatment – A Review
Authors: Kwong C.H. , Ng S.P. 
Published: April 2016

Cationic dyes exhibit high exhaustion towards protein fibres, such as wool and silk, due to ionic interactions but they show little substantivity onto cellulosic and hemicellulosic fibres. In order to apply cationic dyes to mill scoured and bleached linen fibers, a new approach employing anionic agents containing a reactive monochloro-S- triazinyl group is synthesized and used to import a negative charge to the fibre surface.Two cationic dyes show considerable substantivity towards anionic agent modified fabrics. Four different anionic agents are covalently bounded to the linen substrate to provide an electrostatic interaction with cationic dyes. The anionic agent treated fabrics are monitored for nitrogen content, and the reaction efficiency is determined as a K/S value of the dyed samples.Different factors that affect the pretreatment and dyeing process are investigated, and an overall improvement in the effectiveness of the anionic agent on the dyeability using cationic dyes is achieved. The reaction efficiency for the four anionic agents follows the order: anionic agent III > I > II > IV > untreated fabric. The treated dyed fabrics also exhibit good fastness properties.
Improvement on Hydrophobicity of Synthetic Textiles by Plasma Treatment – A Review
Authors: Lopes Filipa , Neves Jorge , Campos Ana , Hrdina Radim 
Published: April 2016

Microencapsulated organic thermochromic pigments may have varied industrial applications, such as in windows and greenhouse roofs. Two black coloured commercial microencapsulated pigments from A and B brands are used in this work. The study is conducted with UVA irradiation, and simulation of atmospheric conditions (weathering tester QUV). After a few degradation cycles, the colour of the substrate becomes a yellowish hue, which suggests that chemical degradation of the components of the microcapsule has occurred. Some tests that include DSC are carried out in order to obtain information on the composition of the microcapsules.
Extraction with organic solvents provides several fractions that are analysed by 1H-NMR and IR. It is concluded that the material of the microcapsules is melamine formaldehyde and two of the core components are probably crystal violet and benzotriazole, which are assumed to act as a UV absorber and promoter of proton transfer. SEM analyses of the pigments before and after degradation show that the microcapsules maintain their shape. A study is also implemented on the effect of adding DABCO to the suspensions of the pigments, which are then irradiated with UV light. A somewhat protecting effect is observed.
Mathematical Modeling of Transport of Inkjet-Printed Suspensions into Textiles
Authors: Calvert Paul , Chitnis Poonam 
Published: April 2016

A model is presented for the flow of inkjet-printed fluids into textiles based on capillary flow between fibers and diffusion of solvent into the fibers. Dispersions of PEDOT (Poly 3, 4 ∓ ethylenedioxythiophene), a conducting polymer, can be inkjet-printed onto fabric to form piezoresistive sensors. A problem is to get proper penetration of PEDOT into the fabric so that it does not easily flake off the surface. This penetration depends on a balance between wetting, evaporation and viscous flow of printed PEDOT suspensions between the fibers of the textile substrate.This study addresses how these liquids flow within a yarn after being printed onto the fabric. Loss of liquid into the fiber limits spreading of the ink as the residual solids level builds up. Ink predominantly follows the path of a yarn but is treated as crossing between yarns at narrow crossing points. This model yields predictions for the distribution of conducting ink when printed onto fabric.
A lining for the Thermal Comfort of Trekking Boots – Experimental and Numerical Studies
Authors: Neves M. , Arezes P. , Leão C.P. , Teixeira S. 
Published: April 2016

In this paper, a study on the design and development of functional shoe linings that are thermally comfortable is presented. The comfort of foot wear, in this case, trekking boots, that is perceived by the user greatly depends on the ability of the boot to maintain the foot surface in an equilibrium state in terms of thermo-physiological comfort (Schols et al., 2004). This is related to the capacity of removing the moisture that results from transpiration away from the foot surface. With these premises in mind, a study on the development of new lining constructions using different raw materials has been conducted.
As far as methodology is concerned, this study involves two different stages. The first stage includes an objective evaluation of the thermal comfort of the boots. This stage involves several tasks, including the conception and development of the fabrics to be used in the inner layer of the boots and the development of a thermo-physiological model of the human foot, in order to simulate the temperature and moisture behavior in the developed fabrics. The second stage consists of a subjective evaluation of thermal comfort using prototypes of the developed boots. A subjective evaluation assessment was done through a questionnaire, in which the study subjects are able to indicate where they experience thermal discomfort in the foot, as well as a laboratory physical task used to simulate the “real” use of the boots.
Relationship between children's performance‐based motor skills and child, parent, and teacher perceptions of children's motor abilities using self/informant‐report questionnaires
Authors: Lalor Aislinn , Brown Ted , Murdolo Yuki 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundOccupational therapists often assess the motor skill performance of children referred to them as part of the assessment process.AimThis study investigated whether children's, parents' and teachers' perceptions of children's motor skills using valid and reliable self/informant‐report questionnaires were associated with and predictive of children's actual motor performance, as measured by a standardised performance‐based motor skill assessment.MethodsFifty‐five typically developing children (8–12 years of age), their parents and classroom teachers were recruited to participate in the study. The children completed the Physical Self‐Description Questionnaire (PSDQ) and the Self‐Perception Profile for Children. The parents completed the Developmental Profile III (DP‐III) and the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire, whereas the teachers completed the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire and the Teacher's Rating Scale of Child's Actual Behavior. Children's motor performance composite scores were determined using the Bruininks‐Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second Edition (BOT‐2). Spearman's rho correlation coefficients were calculated to identify if significant correlations existed and multiple linear regression was used to identify whether self/informant report data were significant predictors of children's motor skill performance.ResultsThe child self‐report scores had the largest number of significant correlations with the BOT‐2 composites. Regression analysis found that the parent report DP‐III Physical subscale was a significant predictor of the BOT‐2 Manual Coordination composite and the child‐report questionnaire PSDQ. Endurance subscale was a significant predictor of the BOT‐2 Strength and Agility composite.ConclusionThe findings support the use of top‐down assessment methods from a variety of sources when evaluating children's motor abilities.
Experimental studies on mixed‐mode dynamic fracture behaviour of aluminium alloy plates with narrow U‐notch
Authors: Wen X , Lu F , Chen R , Cao L , Lin Y 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMixed‐mode dynamic fracture behaviour of cast aluminium alloy ZL205A thin plates with narrow U‐notch was studied by split Hopkinson tensile bar apparatus. Specimens with different loading angles were designed to realize different fracture modes. The same loading condition was maintained during the tests. Recovery specimens show that crack propagates along the notch direction. Force–elongation relations show that with the loading angle increasing, the fracture force increases while the final elongation decreases. Deformation and fracture process was observed by a high‐speed camera. Displacement distribution around the crack was calculated through digital image correlation technique. Based on the photos and displacement results, initiation time of the crack was derived. Besides, two stress components (normal stress and shear stress) applied on the fracture surface were investigated. Results show that crack initiation stresses at different loading angles satisfy the ellipse equation. Pure mode I and II fracture stresses are 425.3 and 236.7 MPa, respectively. Furthermore, specific fracture energy of different specimens was calculated. The energy data vary with loading angle and located on an approximate upward parabolic curve. From the curve, the minimum specific fracture energy of the thin plate specimen is 42.0 kJ/m2 under loading angle of 76.3°.
When eWOM becomes cynical
Authors: Amezcua Bernardo , Quintanilla Claudia 
Published: April 2016

AbstractNowadays, it is common practice for corporations to communicate with consumers through social network sites (SNSs), such as YouTube, which allow consumers to share and comment on companies’ sponsored videos communicating their marketing campaigns. The authors conducted a qualitative assessment of posts written on the official YouTube site of Coca Cola, where the brand asks consumers to join in a brigade against obesity. Results extend the current knowledge about consumers’ negative electronic word of mouth (eWOM), identifying three forms of cynical consumer communication styles in response to corporate campaigns on SNSs: skeptical, passive‐aggressive and warrior eWOM. Managerial implications, limitations and some avenues for future research are indicated.
Moisture profiles of wheat noodles containing hydroxypropylated tapioca starch
Authors: Fukuzawa Soma , Ogawa Takenobu , Nakagawa Kyuya , Adachi Shuji 
Published: April 2016

SummaryWheat noodles were prepared using flour to which hydroxypropylated tapioca starch was added, and the effect of this addition on the moisture distribution within the noodles during cooking was examined using a digital image processing technique. The addition of the modified starch slightly increased the moisture content and narrowed the flat distribution near the noodle surface. The distribution features reflected the changes in the water absorption behaviour caused by the properties of the modified starch and the reduction in the gluten content. Addition of the modified starch lowered Young's modulus and the energy for 99% strain of the noodles in the texture analysis to, at maximum 35% and 65%, and decreased the breakability of the noodles. These changes in the moisture distribution and textural properties have been ascribed to changes in both the state of the starch granules near the surface and the structure of the gluten network.
Single‐cell RNA sequencing: revealing human pre‐implantation development, pluripotency and germline development
Authors: Petropoulos S. , Panula S. P. , Schell J. P. , Lanner F. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractEarly human development is a dynamic, heterogeneous, complex and multidimensional process. During the first week, the single‐cell zygote undergoes eight to nine rounds of cell division generating the multicellular blastocyst, which consists of hundreds of cells forming spatially organized embryonic and extra‐embryonic tissues. At the level of transcription, degradation of maternal RNA commences at around the two‐cell stage, coinciding with embryonic genome activation. Although numerous efforts have recently focused on delineating this process in humans, many questions still remain as thorough investigation has been limited by ethical issues, scarce availability of human embryos and the presence of minute amounts of DNA and RNA. In vitro cultures of embryonic stem cells provide some insight into early human development, but such studies have been confounded by analysis on a population level failing to appreciate cellular heterogeneity. Recent technical developments in single‐cell RNA sequencing have provided a novel and powerful tool to explore the early human embryo in a systematic manner. In this review, we will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the techniques utilized to specifically investigate human development and consider how the technology has yielded new insights into pre‐implantation development, embryonic stem cells and the establishment of the germ line.
The Effects of Receptacle on the Expected Flavor of a Colored Beverage: Cross‐Cultural Comparison Among French, Japanese, and Norwegian Consumers
Authors: Wan Xiaoang , Woods Andy T. , Jacquot Muriel , Knoeferle Klemens , Kikutani Mariko , Spence Charles 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe present online study was designed to investigate whether the expected flavor associated with a colored beverage is affected by the type of receptacle in which the drink is presented. More than 400 participants from France, Japan and Norway viewed photographs of red, green, yellow, blue, orange, brown and clear beverages presented in a water glass, a wine glass, a cocktail glass or a plastic cup. They had to indicate the first flavor that came to mind by choosing a flavor from a list of 24 options, and to rate the familiarity and pleasantness of each drink. The results revealed that the nature of the receptacle modulated the meaning (expected flavor) of color for the red, green, yellow, blue and orange drinks. Cultural differences were observed in terms of the expected flavor elicited by the blue drinks, as well as how different receptacles influenced the familiarity and pleasantness ratings of the same drinks.Practical ApplicationsThe present study provides a better understanding of the crossmodal correspondences observed in the case of beverages. We demonstrate how the type of receptacle, an important but all too frequently neglected contextual factor, influences the expected flavor elicited by color. These findings regarding crossmodal correspondences are relevant to sensory scientists interested in the flavor‐color associations of beverages. What is more, our results also reveal cross‐cultural differences in the perception of beverages, and demonstrate how associations that people in certain countries/cultures may take for granted could be very surprising or novel in other cultures/countries. Specially, the present study provides new evidence concerning how people from France and Japan (both of which are well known for their unique and distinctive food cultures) would respond to the same colored drinks in similar or different ways to other groups of people (who have been tested in the present or previous research). Therefore, our findings are also important in terms of international marketing, and highlight the importance of getting the receptacle right when displaying a beverage in online marketing.
Effects of Piper sarmentosum extract on the growth performance, antioxidant capability and immune response in weaned piglets
Authors: Wang D. F. , Zhou L. L. , Zhou H. L. , Hou G. Y. , Zhou X. , Li W. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryThe biological properties of Piper sarmentosum render it a potential substitute for antibiotics in livestock feed. This study evaluated the effects of P. sarmentosum extract (PSE) on the growth performance, antioxidant capability and immune response of weaned piglets. Eighty 21‐d‐old weaned piglets were selected and randomly allocated to one of four dietary treatments with five replicates of four pigs each. The dietary treatments consisted of a basal diet supplemented with 0 (T0), 50 (T50), 100 (T100) or 200 (T200) mg/kg PSE. The feeding trial lasted 4 weeks. The results revealed that the T50 group had the highest average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) throughout the feeding trial (p < 0.05). Additionally, the T50 group had higher (p < 0.05) serum glutathione peroxidase activity (GSH‐Px) and lower (p < 0.05) serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels than the T0 group at 4 weeks post‐weaning (p < 0.05). Serum levels of interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) decreased, while serum levels of interleukin‐4 (IL‐4), interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) and transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) increased by PSE supplementation at 4 weeks post‐weaning (p < 0.05). PSE supplementation upregulated the mRNA expression of IL‐4, IL‐10 and TGF‐β and downregulated the mRNA expression of TNF‐α, IL‐1β and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) in the ileal mucosal layer of piglets (p < 0.05). In summary, our study findings revealed that PSE supplementation improved the antioxidant capability, and reduced inflammation, which may be beneficial to weaned piglet health.