bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing a Cultural Protocol for Evaluation
Authors: Rogers Alison , Bower Madeleine , Malla Cathy , Manhire Sharon , Rhodes Deborah 
Published: January 2018

Evaluation is understood to be important for ensuring programs and organisations are effective and relevant. Evaluation findings, however, can be potentially inappropriate or not useful if those who have an in-depth understanding of the context are not involved in guidance, direction or implementation. The Fred Hollows Foundation's Indigenous Australia Program (IAP), with more than half of its employees identifying as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander, has developed a cultural protocol for evaluation to strengthen the quality of its program evaluations, whether they are carried out by internal staff or external evaluators. The development of the protocol was initiated after an evaluation capacity building appraisal identified the potential benefits of increased external support to undertake evaluation activities, and the requirement for this external support to be undertaken in a culturally appropriate manner. The protocol was developed by combining IAP's experience and knowledge with contemporary evaluation and research approaches, particularly those developed for use in cross-cultural settings, with the aim of producing a meaningful and locally relevant resource. The protocol aims to assist staff and external evaluators to ensure that evaluation activities are undertaken with the appropriate respect for, and participation of, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander individuals and communities. Consistent with IAP principles, those involved in the process of developing the protocols sought to ensure that engagement between staff, evaluators and evaluation participants occurs in culturally-appropriate ways. IAP believes that the protocol will contribute to stronger evaluation practices, deeper understanding and thus, more useful outcomes. This article describes the process of engaging IAP staff with contextual evidence and the literature around cultural protocols to create a meaningful tool that is useful in our particular context. The process of development described will be useful for: organisations undertaking initiatives that source external evaluators; internal evaluators engaging with external expertise; or evaluators linking with organisations working in a cross-cultural setting.
Early Reading Abilities of Bilingual Children With Nonsyndromic Orofacial Clefts
Authors: Cheong Michelle Heng Yue , Young Selena Ee-Li , Young Dawn Patricia Chuan Yu , Lee Mary Lay Choo , Rickard Liow Susan Jane 
Published: January 2018

Objective: To investigate the early reading abilities, and related cognitive-linguistic processes, in bilingual children with nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P), and to identify deficits that might be amenable to intervention. Design and Participants: Bilingual participants with CL/P aged 5 to 6 years who were English-dominant ( n=17) or Mandarin-dominant ( n=18) were recruited using consecutive sampling from a national cleft treatment center and matched pairwise to a sample of typically developing (TD) children on language dominance, age, and socioeconomic status. All participants were assessed in English on single-word reading accuracy using the Wide Range Achievement Test (4th Ed), and key cognitive-linguistic factors associated with reading development: phonological awareness, rapid automatized naming (RAN), receptive and expressive vocabulary, and verbal short-term and working memory. Results: CL/P and TD groups were compared within language dominance group (Mandarin or English) for all measures. The Mandarin-dominant CL/P group had significantly poorer reading accuracy and phonological awareness than their TD peers. Additionally, regardless of language dominance, faster RAN correlated significantly with better reading accuracy in both the CL/P groups but not the TD groups. Conclusions: Children with CL/P who are learning English as a second language are at greater risk of reading difficulties. Furthermore, the cognitive-linguistic processes underlying early reading in bilingual children with CL/P differ from those of their TD peers. Routine screening and tailored intervention is advisable.
Gender Views and Relationships in Families of Children With Craniofacial Differences
Authors: Shapiro Danielle N. , Waljee Jennifer , Buchman Steven , Ranganathan Kavitha , Warshcausky Seth 
Published: January 2018

Objective: Gender values and beliefs are known to influence family functioning. The aim of the current study was to describe the association between views about gender and family functioning within families with a child with a craniofacial difference (CFD). Design: Participants included 74 dyads composed of children (8-18 years old) with CFD (n = 36 female), including cleft lip/palate, and a parent (n = 56 female). Children and caregivers both completed the activities subscale of the Occupations, Activities, and Traits–Attitudes Measure (C/OAT-AM). Children completed selected items from the Parent Perception Inventory (PPI). Caregivers completed the nurturance subscale of the Parenting Dimensions Inventory–Short Form (PDI-S) and the Parenting Stress Scale (PSS). Setting: Participants were recruited from an outpatient program at an academic medical center. Results: There were no significant relationships among the participant demographics and the study variables, with the exception that more complex CFD diagnoses were correlated with increased parenting stress. General linear modeling showed that parents with more flexible gender attitudes reported more nurturing parenting behaviors. There was also a positive association between parental flexibility in gender views and child-reported parent-child relationship quality. An interaction showed that the relationship between parental flexibility in gender views and child-reported relationship quality was stronger for females and nonsignificant for males. Conclusions: Caregivers with more flexible gender attitudes perceived themselves as more nurturing and were seen more positively by their daughters with a CFD. This pattern may inform parenting interventions for CFD populations.
Postoperative Complications Following LeFort 1 Maxillary Advancement Surgery in Cleft Palate Patients
Authors: Moran Isabelle , Virdee Satnam , Sharp Ian , Sulh Jagdeep 
Published: January 2018

Objective: To investigate the postoperative complication rates of LeFort 1 maxillary advancement surgery in cleft patients when performed by a single surgeon over a 5-year period. Design: A retrospective case note review of 79 cleft palate patients. Setting: All surgery was performed by a single oral and maxillofacial surgeon in a tertiary care center. Participants: All cleft palate patients over 17 years of age who opted for surgical correction of maxillary hypoplasia with a LeFort 1 between 2010 and 2015. Patients required full surgical and clinical records. Interventions: Complete surgical advancement of the maxilla ranging from 2.0 to 18.0 mm performed by conventional osteotomies (87%) or distraction osteogenesis (13%). Main Outcome Measure(s): Postoperative patient- and clinician-reported complications at set-interval follow-up appointments. Results: Twenty-one patients (26.58%) reported no complications; 11 postoperative complications were identified in the remaining cohort. Temporary paresthesia of the infraorbital nerve was the most common complication (53.16%) followed by infection (13.92%). Other complications included relapse (11.39%), maxillary instability (6.33%), velopharyngeal impairment (6.33%), nasal obstruction (5.06%), chronic sinusitis (3.80%), bony dehiscence (1.27%), gingival necrosis (1.27%), partial necrosis of the maxilla (1.27%), and loss of tooth vitality (1.27%). Conclusions: LeFort 1 maxillary advancement surgery in cleft palate patients is associated with a wide range of postoperative complications, most commonly temporary paresthesia of the infraorbital nerve. Detailed, informed consent is essential prior to surgery.
Wire Placement in the Sustentaculum Tali Using a 2D Projection-Based Software Application for Mobile C-Arms: Cadaveric Study
Authors: Swartman Benedict , Frere Dirk , Wei Wei , Schnetzke Marc , Grechenig Stephan , Matityahu Amir , Beisemann Nils , Keil Holger , Franke Jochen , Grützner Paul Alfred , Vetter Sven Yves 
Published: January 2018

Background: Indirect screw fixation of the sustentaculum tali in the lateral-medial direction can be challenging due to the complex calcaneal anatomy. A novel 2-dimensional (2D) projection-based software application detects Kirschner wires (K-wires) and visualizes their intended direction as a colored trajectory. The aim of this prospectively randomized cadaver study was to investigate whether the software would facilitate the indirect K-wire placement in the sustentaculum tali. Methods: In 20 cadaver foot specimens, K-wires were placed indirectly in the sustentaculum tali by an experienced and an inexperienced surgeon, with and without using the application. Number of placement attempts, duration of procedure, fluoroscopy time, and number of individual fluoroscopy images were recorded. Each wire’s position was analyzed in a 3-dimensional (3D) C-arm scan by an experienced blinded investigator. Results: Use of the software by the inexperienced surgeon significantly reduced the number of placement attempts from 3.2 to 1.2 ( P = .006). The application also reduced operating time, from 273 s to 199 s ( P = .15), and fluoroscopy time, from 41 s to 29 s ( P = .15). Using the software, the experienced surgeon had a longer operating time (139 s to 183 s; P = .30), longer fluoroscopy time (5.6 s to 9.2 s; P = .17), and more individual fluoroscopy images (11.6 to 14.8; P = .30). Wire position did not show significant differences in both cases. Conclusion: During indirect K-wire placement in the sustentaculum tali, the software appeared to be a useful tool for the inexperienced surgeon. In our chosen study setting, the experienced surgeon did not benefit from the software. Clinical Relevance: Possible indications for the software would be fractures of the proximal femur, sacrum, sacroiliac instabilities, vertebral bodies, scaphoid, Lisfranc joint, talus and calcaneus.
Dacryostenosis in Newborns: Probing, or Syringing, or Both?
Authors: Tahat A.A. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose This prospective study was designed to establish whether it is more effective to treat symptomatic congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction by probing, or high-pressure irrigation, or both. Methods During the period February 1991 to January 1999, 228 infants (300 nasolacrimal ducts) were examined (132 males, 96 females, age range 12–13 months). These patients were divided into three groups of 100 ducts each. The first group was probed only; in the second group the nasolacrimal ducts were irrigated under high pressure using methylene blue-stained saline, and the third group was probed and irrigated in the same setting. The procedures were done under light general anesthesia. Results Ninety-one ducts in the first group improved after probing. In the second group 64 ducts improved after irrigation. In the third group 96 ducts improved after both probing and irrigation. Conclusions To treat symptomatic congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction, it is more effective to combine high-pressure irrigation and probing. This gives a better success rate, first in treatment and secondarily, permitting intraoperative verification of the patency of the excretory lacrimal system.
Two Nonsense Mutations of PAX6 in Two Japanese Aniridia Families: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Kondo-Saitoh A. , Matsumoto N. , Sasaki T. , Egashira M. , Saitoh A. , Yamada K. , Niikawa N. , Amemiya T. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To identify PAX6 mutations in patients from four Japanese families with aniridia. Methods Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-single stand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis (SSCA) was performed in probands of the families, and restriction analysis using MaeIII or AvaI was carried out in other affected family members. Results PCR-SSCA demonstrated in the proband from one family an extra-band in the PCR product for PAX6 exon 8. Base sequence analysis revealed that the patient is a heterozygote for a C to T transition mutation at codon 203. DNAs from the patient and another affected member in the same family were cut with MaeIII into two fragments, while non-affected members in the family showed only one MaeIII fragment, the result confirmed the mutation. In another family, PCR-SSCA revealed an extra-band in the PCR product for exon 9. Sequencing detected a C→T substitution at codon 240 in the patient, the mutation resulted in loss of an AvaI site. AvaI cleavage analysis confirmed the mutation in the patient. The two transition mutations observed in the two families also predict the conversion of arginine to a stop codon (R203X and R240X, respectively) around the homeodomain (HD), leading to the truncation of the PAX6 protein within its glycine-rich region. No abnormal SSCP bands or abnormal restriction fragments were detected in patients from the other two families. Conclusions The two mutations sites identified in the two families, one at codon 203 and the other at codon 240, are those most frequently observed among 118 previously reported PAX6 mutations. This indicates that the two mutations are two hot-spots in the gene.
Efficacy and Side Effects of Latanoprost Monotherapy Compared to Adding Dorzolamide to Timolol in Patients with Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension - A Three-Month Randomised Study
Authors: Sánchez J. García ,   The Spanish Latanoprost Study Group
Published: January 2018

Purpose To compare the efficacy and safety of latanoprost monotherapy or dorzolamide and timolol in glaucoma patients inadequately controlled on adrenergic beta-receptor antagonist therapy. Methods A total of 164 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma, capsular glaucoma or ocular hypertension were included in a three-month, open-label, randomised multicentre study. Patients with open-angle glaucoma were required to have IOP at least 22 mmHg and patients with ocular hypertension were required to have IOP at least 27 mmHg, on treatment with one or two ocular hypotensive drugs of which at least one had to be a beta-blocker. All patients were treated with timolol, 5 mg/ml twice daily, for a 2–4 week run-in period. They were then randomised to latanoprost, 50 μg/ml once daily, or timolol 5 mg/ml plus dorzolamide, 20 mg/ml twice daily. The difference in mean diurnal IOP change from baseline to month 3 was compared in the two groups. Results When patients were switched to latanoprost, mean diurnal IOP was reduced by 5.2 mmHg (23%) compared to 4.0 mmHg (17%) in the group in which dorzolamide was added to timolol. The difference of 1.2 mmHg was statistically significant (p= 0.005). The majority of adverse events during both treatments were judged as mild. Conclusions The results suggest that a switch to latanoprost monotherapy is an alternative to combined treatment with timolol and dorzolamide in patients inadequately controlled on a topical adrenergic beta-receptor antagonist alone.
Risk Factors for Vitreous Loss in Cataract Surgery
Authors: Abbasoğlu Ö. E. , Hoşal B. , Tekeli O. , Gürsel E. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To evaluate the risk factors for posterior capsule rupture with or without vitreous loss (PCR±VL) in extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE). Methods The charts of 2794 consecutive patients who had ECCE with or without intraocular lens implantation between January 1992 and December 1997 were reviewed retrospectively. Probable risk factors included age, sex, operated eye (right or left), presence of diabetes mellitus, systemic hypertension, history of vitreous loss in the other eye (if operated), type of cataract, axial length of the eye, preoperative visual acuity, glaucoma, presence of pseudoexfoliation, preoperative shallow anterior chamber and experience of surgeon (resident, general ophthalmologist, cataract surgeon). We compared 192 patients who had PCR ± VL with complete data and 275 randomly selected patients who had no complications, using multiple logistic regression analysis. Results Two hundred and fifty-four patients (9.09%) had PCR and 197 (7.05%) had PCR + VL. The surgeon's experience (p < 0.0005), glaucoma (p < 0.005), type of cataract (p < 0.005), presence of pseudoexfoliation (p<0.05) and systemic hypertension (p<0.05) were significant risk factors. Conclusions Patients with risk factors such as glaucoma, pseudoexfoliation, traumatic cataract and systemic hypertension should be operated by experienced surgeons.
Bilateral Anterior Ischaemic Optic Neuropathy Due to Optic Disc Drusen
Authors: Kamath G.G. , Prasad S. , Phillips R.P. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To report a case of bilateral anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy due to buried optic disc drusen. Methods Case report. Results A 64-year-old man presented with swollen optic discs and features suggestive of anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (AION) in the left and right eye on two separate occasions ten months apart. Detailed ocular examination at presentation and systemic investigations did not reveal an underlying cause for the AION. At a later follow-up, optic disc drusen were noted in both eyes as partial optic atrophy had set in. This was confirmed by ultrasound B scan and demonstration of autofluorescence. Conclusions In patients presenting with AION uncommon underlying causes must be considered. Routine ultrasound B scan at presentation can easily establish or exclude optic disc drusen as an underlying cause.
Myopia and Level of Education
Authors: Al-Bdour M.D. , Odat T.A. , Tahat A.A. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To find out whether the development of myopia is related to the level of education. Materials and Methods From two big ophthalmic outpatient clinics in Jordan, 968 subjects (between the age of 24 and 45 years) were included in this study. A subject was considered myopic if at least one eye had a spherical equivalent refractive error of at least −0.75 diopter. The subjects were divided into two groups: the educated group was those who had finished at least 12 years of education and the non-educated which included those with maximum of six years of education. There were 468 men and 500 women. Results The frequency of myopia was higher in the educated group in both men and women. A significant relationship was found between the level of education and myopia in the whole study group (p<0.0001). Conclusions This study had too few subjects to draw general conclusions, but within the study group there was a significant relationship between the level of education and the development of myopia.
Bilateral Myopia following Blunt Trauma to One Eye
Authors: Doğanay S. , Er H. , Hepşen Í.F. , Evereklioğlu C. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To evaluate bilateral myopia following blunt trauma to one eye. Case Report Traumatic myopia is a rare transient situation which may be seen in the injured eye or both eyes after blunt ocular trauma. We examined one case with transient myopia in the left eye which had been exposed to a blunt ocular injury. Myopia was also observed in the right eye 12 hours after the trauma. The right eye and left eye had reverted to emmetropia respectively two and six weeks after trauma. Discussion The myopia may have been due to ciliary spasm arising from stimulation of the efferent autonomic system in the right eye and ciliary body edema in the left eye. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first reported case developing bilateral transient myopia after the blunt trauma to only one eye.
Central Retinal Vein Occlusion and Sudden Deafness: A Possible Common Pathogenesis
Authors: Glacet-Bernard A. , Roquet W. , Coste A. , Peynègre R. , Coscas G. , Soubrane G. 
Published: January 2018

Case Report A 31-year-old woman complained of blurred vision in the right eye due to a well-perfused central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and two months later, of sudden deafness (SD) in her right ear. Her visual acuity and hearing recovered almost completely within a few months. Medical evaluation disclosed the combination of slight coagulation abnormalities (moderate decrease in protein S, slightly elevated lipoprotein (a)), and elevated fibrinogen, with plasma hyperviscosity. Discussion The occurrence of CRVO then SD suggests that the same underlying conditions can be considered as risk factors for both diseases and shows up some similarities in the pathogenesis of these acute impairments of microvascular blood flow in the retina and the cochlea.
Progressive Outer Retinal Necrosis Syndrome: Successful Treatment with a New Combination of Antiviral Drugs
Authors: Roig-Melo E.A. , Macky T.A. , Heredia-Elizondo M.L. , Virgil Alfaro D. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To describe a case of progressive outer retinal necrosis syndrome, successfully treated with a new combination of antiviral drugs. Methods The patient was treated with a combined therapy of antiviral drugs that includes: intravenous acyclovir 10 mg/kg, three intravitreal injections of foscarnet (1200 μg) and a ganciclovir implant in the right eye. Results The progressive outer retinal necrosis appeared to response dramatically with the combination of antiviral agents used over a period of 2 weeks with a final visual acuity of 20/80 at 3 months of follow up. Conclusions Intravitreal foscarnet combined with IV acyclovir and ganciclovir implant may represent an effective alternative treatment for PORN.
Soft Tissue Conjunctivo-Rhinostomy
Authors: Murube J. , Rojo P. , Chenzhuo L. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To evaluate the results of implantation of a tubular prosthesis between the medial palpebral canthus and the nasal fossa, through the soft tissues of the face, in cases of irrecuperable damage of the lacrimal canaliculi. Material and Methods Fifty eyes with canalicular destruction were operated, placing a silicone and Pyrex tubular prosthesis between the lacrimal caruncle and the nasal vestibulum, running almost vertically through the soft tissues of the face, without osteal perforation. Results Lacrimal flow was restored in 47 cases. There were three cases of dislocation of the prosthesis, three infections and five papillomata. Conclusions Vertical conjunctivo-rhinostomy without osteal perforation is an easy and efficient solution for irrecuperable occluded canaliculi.
Candida Keratitis in a Patient with Candidiasis of the Fingernails
Authors: Jradeh E.F. , Al-Kharashi S.A. , Tabbara K.F. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To report a case of Candida keratitis following penetrating keratoplasty in a patient with Candidiasis of the fingernails. Case Report An 80 year-old male presented with recurrent Candida keratitis following penetrating keratoplasty. Patient was found to have evidence of Candidiasis of the fingernails. Comment Candidiasis of the fingernails have led to recurrent fungal keratitis following penetrating keratoplasty. Cultures grew Candida albicans. Preoperative recognition, prompt and appropriate therapy of foci of infection may prevent Candida keratitis following penetrating keratoplasty.
Transretinal Feeder Vessel Ligature in von Hippel-Lindau Disease
Authors: Farah M.E. , Uno F. , Höfling-Lima A.L. , Morales P.H. , Costa R.A. , Cardillo J.A. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To present a new technique called transretinal feeder vessel ligature for the treatment of retinal angiomas. Methods Case report of a patient with peripheral retinal angiomas previously treated unsuccessfully with photocoagulation who responded to this new, alternative surgical treatment. Results The retinal angiomas decreased in size although two new feeder vessels appeared and the lesions showed a regression pattern after additional laser therapy over the vascular tumors. Conclusions A transretinal feeder vessel ligature in association with vitrectomy and photocoagulation may be useful for some advanced or non-responsive cases of retinal angiomas.