bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Composite Cytology–Histology Endpoint Allows a More Accurate Estimate of Anal High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion Prevalence
Authors: Machalek Dorothy A. , Poynten I. Mary , Jin Fengyi , Hillman Richard J. , Templeton David J. , Law Carmella , Roberts Jennifer M. , Tabrizi Sepehr N. , Garland Suzanne M. , Farnsworth Annabelle , Fairley Christopher K. , Grulich Andrew E. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Background: There is debate about the accuracy of anal cytology and high-resolution anoscopy (HRA), in the diagnosis of anal human papillomavirus (HPV)-related squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL). Few studies have performed both simultaneously in a large sample of high-risk individuals.
Methods: At baseline in a community-based cohort of HIV-infected and uninfected homosexual men ages ≥35 years in Sydney, Australia, all men underwent anal swabbing for cytology and HPV genotyping, and HRA-guided biopsy. We evaluated the separate and combined diagnostic accuracy of cytology and histology, based on a comparison with the prevalence of HPV16 and other high-risk (HR) HPV. We examined trends in HPV prevalence across cytology–histology combinations.
Results: Anal swab, HRA, and HPV genotyping results were available for 605 of 617 participants. The prevalence of cytologically predicted high-grade SIL (HSIL, 17.9%) was lower than histologically diagnosed HSIL (31.7%, P &lt; 0.001). The prevalence of composite-HSIL (detected by either method) was 37.7%. HPV16 prevalence was similar in men with HSIL by cytology (59.3%), HSIL by histology (51.0%), and composite-HSIL (50.0%). HPV16 prevalence was 31.1% in men with composite-atypical squamous cells suggestive of HSIL, to 18.5% in men with composite-low-grade SIL, to 12.1% in men with composite-negative results (Ptrend &lt; 0.001).
Conclusions: Significantly more HSIL was detected when a composite cytology–histology endpoint was used. Increasing grade of composite endpoint was associated with increasing HPV16 prevalence.
Impact: These data suggest that a composite cytology–histology endpoint reflects meaningful disease categories and is likely to be an important biomarker in anal cancer prevention. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(7); 1134–43. ©2016 AACR.
RNA-seq Identification of RACGAP1 as a Metastatic Driver in Uterine Carcinosarcoma
Authors: Mi Shijun , Lin Mingyan , Brouwer-Visser Jurriaan , Heim Jennifer , Smotkin David , Hebert Tiffany , Gunter Marc J. , Goldberg Gary L. , Zheng Deyou , Huang Gloria S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPurpose: Uterine carcinosarcoma is a rare aggressive malignancy frequently presenting at advanced stage of disease with extrauterine metastases. Median survival is less than 2 years due to high relapse rates after surgery and poor response to chemotherapy or radiotherapy. The goal of this study was to identify novel therapeutic targets.Experimental Design: We applied RNA-seq analysis to prospectively collected uterine carcinosarcoma tumor samples from patients undergoing primary surgical resection and for comparison, normal endometrial tissues from postmenopausal women undergoing hysterectomy for benign indications. Functional assays were done in primary carcinosarcoma cell lines developed from patients and in established cell lines, as well as a cell line–derived xenograft model. Validation was done by analysis of an independent cohort of patients with uterine carcinosarcoma from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA).Results: Rac GTPase–activating protein 1 (RACGAP1) was identified to be highly upregulated in uterine carcinosarcoma. Functional assays showed that RACGAP1 mediates motility and invasion via regulation of STAT3 phosphorylation and survivin expression. RACGAP1 depletion or survivin inhibition abrogated motility and invasiveness of carcinosarcoma cells, while RACGAP1 overexpression conferred invasiveness to endometrial adenocarcinoma cells. In the TCGA cohort, RACGAP1 expression correlated with survivin expression and extrauterine spread of disease.Conclusions: The RACGAP1–STAT3–survivin signaling pathway is required for the invasive phenotype of uterine carcinosarcoma and is a newly identified therapeutic target in this lethal disease. Clin Cancer Res; 22(18); 4676–86. ©2016 AACR.
Dental Health Status and Endodontic Treatment of Captive Brown Bears (Ursus Arctos ssp.) Living in the Bernese Bear Pit
Authors: Wenker Christian J. , Müller M. , Berger Marianne , Heiniger Stefanie , Neiger-Aeschbacher Gina , Schawalder Peter , Lussi Adrian 
Published: April 2016

The teeth of five adult captive brown bears (Ursus arctos ssp.) were examined and radiographed for occlusion, loss of teeth, dental plaque and calculus, and attrition under general anesthesia. Deposits of dental calculus were found in various locations with an overall prevalence of 8% to 15% of all tooth surfaces. In all five animals, severe enamel and dentinal attrition defects were observed in canine teeth with exposed pulp. Cage-chewing behavior is probably the main cause for the dental attrition. The composition of the food and feeding management are most likely responsible for the lack of natural cleaning and the resulting plaque and calculus formation. All affected canine teeth were treated with endodontic procedures using several materials and techniques, and evaluated one- to two-and-a-half years later by clinical examination, radiography, and scanning electron microscopy of silicone casts of the treated teeth. All coronal fillings were tight. The apices were not completely sealed in two teeth. We conclude that the use of adequate and specialized instrumentation and techniques for the treatment of these long, curved, large diameter root canals is more important than the particular endodontic and restorative materials used. The dental health status of zoo animals is an indicator of their general well-being. Preventive measures should be taken in their environment and management to minimize the risk of dental conditions.
Evaluating Hospice and Palliative Medicine Education in Pediatric Training Programs
Authors: Singh Arun L. , Klick Jeffrey C. , McCracken Courtney E. , Hebbar Kiran B. 
Published: April 2016

Background:Hospice and Palliative Medicine (HPM) competencies are of growing importance in training general pediatricians and pediatric sub-specialists. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) emphasized pediatric trainees should understand the “impact of chronic disease, terminal conditions and death on patients and their families.” Currently, very little is known regarding pediatric trainee education in HPM.Methods:We surveyed all 486 ACGME-accredited pediatric training program directors (PDs) - 200 in general pediatrics (GP), 57 in cardiology (CARD), 64 in critical care medicine (CCM), 69 in hematology-oncology (ONC) and 96 in neonatology (NICU). We collected training program’s demographics, PD’s attitudes and educational practices regarding HPM.Results:The complete response rate was 30% (148/486). Overall, 45% offer formal HPM curriculum and 39% offer a rotation in HPM for trainees. HPM teaching modalities commonly reported included conferences, consultations and bedside teaching. Eighty-one percent of all respondents felt that HPM curriculum would improve trainees’ ability to care for patients. While most groups felt that a HPM rotation would enhance trainees’ education [GP (96%), CARD (77%), CCM (82%) and ONC (95%)], NICU PDs were more divided (55%; p < 0.05 for all comparisons vs. NICU).Conclusion:While most programs report perceived benefit from HPM training, there remains a paucity of opportunities for pediatric trainees. Passive teaching methods are frequently utilized in HPM curricula with minimal diversity in methods utilized to teach HPM. Opportunities to further emphasize HPM in general pediatric and pediatric sub-specialty training remains.
Taking on choice and control in personal care and support: The experiences of physically disabled young adults
Authors: Mitchell Wendy , Beresford Bryony , Brooks Jenni , Moran Nicola , Glendinning Caroline 
Published: April 2016

Summary Research on self-directed care has focused on older people and adults with learning or mental health difficulties. This article reports physically disabled young adults’ experiences of self-directed care. Such work is important because young adults are a ‘minority’ group within adult social care. This, and their still developing life-skills and lack of life experience, may have a bearing on their experiences of self-directed care and associated support needs. An exploratory qualitative study using semi-structured interviews investigated this issue. Participants were 19–29 years with a range of congenital and acquired impairments. Findings Many aspects of interviewees’ experiences of self-directed care appeared to be influenced by their limited life experience, the fact they are still developing life-skills and are a minority group within adult social care. Interviewees identified their lack of life experience and self-confidence as making them cautious in assuming responsibility for their care arrangements and, typically, their desire for on-going parental support. They also believed their age and life stage contributed to difficulties managing carers and PAs. Preferences around characteristics of carers/PAs were influenced by their age and desire to integrate into mainstream activities. Information provided by statutory services did not (fully) acknowledge that some users were young adults. Applications Compared to other physically disabled users of adult social care, young adults’ under-developed life-skills and lack of life experience influences their experiences as users, and the support they needed to assume control of their care arrangements. Tailored information and support for this ‘minority group’ is required.
Learning to Lead
Authors: Yeager Katherine L. , Callahan Jamie L. 
Published: April 2016

The Problem Organizations face several challenges that stand poised to place a significant strain on the availability of qualified leaders. Flatter organization structures, the use of more teams, and impending retirements of the Baby Boomer generation mean that the field of human resource development (HRD) must be prepared to help organizations develop the next generation of leaders. Scholars and practitioners must ensure that leader development initiatives will effectively prepare the forthcoming leaders from among young adults. The Solution The focus of this study was to develop an understanding of how leadership experiences shape leader identity development. We offer a model that explains the dynamic, interactive process of leader identity development. Specifically, this model identifies the importance of relationships, leading by example, authenticity, and the motivation to lead for young adults. The Stakeholders HRD scholars and practitioners may use the findings in this study to target developmental initiatives for future leaders.
Reforming retirement age in DB and DC pension systems in an aging OLG economy with heterogenous agents
Authors: Tyrowicz Joanna , Makarski Krzysztof , Bielecki Marcin 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWe analyze the effects of increasing the retirement age in two economies with overlapping generations and within cohort ex ante heterogeneity. The first economy has a defined benefit system, and the second economy is in transition from a defined benefit to a defined contribution. We find that if increase in the retirement age is phased in a way that allows agents to adjust, welfare is not reduced and welfare effects have a similar magnitude and between-cohort distribution in both types of the pension systems.
Diversity of Selaginella across altitudinal gradient of the tropical region
Authors: SETYAWAN AHMAD DWI , SUPRIATNA JATNA , DARNAEDI DEDY , ROKHMATULOH ROKHMATULOH , SUTARNO SUTARNO , SUGIYARTO SUGIYARTO 
Published: April 2016

Setyawan AD, Supriatna J, Darnaedi D, Rokhmatuloh, Sutarno, Sugiyarto. 2016. Diversity of Selaginella across altitudinalÂ gradient of the tropical region. Biodiversitas 17: 384-400. Selaginella prefers moist environment for its growth and requires water forÂ fertilization; therefore it is often found flourish in plateau and hilly mountains with high rainfall. The aim of this research was to knowÂ species diversity of Selaginella along altitudinal gradient in the southern part of Java, Indonesia. The research was conducted betweenÂ July 2007 and January 2014across the altitudinal region of Java, Indonesia, which includes the districts of Wonosobo, Purworejo,Â Kebumen, Banjarnegara and its border areas, with altitudes between 0 and 2500 m. asl. The research found 12 selaginellas species, 10Â species collected from field research, namely: S. aristata, S. ciliaris, S. intermedia, S. involvens, S. opaca, S. ornata, S. plana, S.Â repanda, S. remotifolia, and S. uncinata; and two species only known from herbarium collection of Herbarium Bogoriense (BO), namely S. singalanensis and S. willdenowii. This research was the first publication of the Selaginella flora along altitudinal gradient from the coastal area to the high mountains of Central Java, Indonesia.
Optimization and Standardization of Circulating MicroRNA Detection for Clinical Application: The miR-Test Case
Authors: Marzi Matteo Jacopo , Montani Francesca , Carletti Rose Mary , Dezi Fabio , Dama Elisa , Bonizzi Giuseppina , Sandri Maria Teresa , Rampinelli Cristiano , Bellomi Massimo , Maisonneuve Patrick , Spaggiari Lorenzo , Veronesi Giulia , Bianchi Fabrizio , Di Fiore Pier Paolo , Nicassio Francesco 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The identification of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) in the blood has been recently exploited for the development of minimally invasive tests for the early detection of cancer. Nevertheless, the clinical transferability of such tests is uncertain due to still-insufficient standardization and optimization of methods to detect circulating miRNAs in the clinical setting.

METHODS
We performed a series of tests to optimize the quantification of serum miRNAs that compose the miR-Test, a signature for lung cancer early detection, and systematically analyzed variables that could affect the performance of the test. We took advantage of a large-scale (&gt;1000 samples) validation study of the miR-Test that we recently published, to evaluate, in clinical samples, the effects of analytical and preanalytical variables on the quantification of circulating miRNAs and the clinical output of the signature (risk score).

RESULTS
We developed a streamlined and standardized pipeline for the processing of clinical serum samples that allows the isolation and analysis of circulating miRNAs by quantitative reverse-transcription PCR, with a throughput compatible with screening trials. The major source of analytical variation came from RNA isolation from serum, which could be corrected by use of external (spike-in) or endogenous miRNAs as a reference for normalization. We also introduced standard operating procedures and QC steps to check for unspecific fluctuations that arise from the lack of standardized criteria in the collection or handling of the samples (preanalytical factors).

CONCLUSIONS
We propose our methodology as a reference for the development of clinical-grade blood tests on the basis of miRNA detection.
Biodegradation of crosslinked polyurethane acrylates/guar gum composites under natural soil burial conditions
Authors: Oprea Stefan , Oprea Veronica 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This study investigated the effect of the guar gum content on the degradation behavior of the polyester and polyether polyurethane acrylate composites under outdoor soil-burial exposure. Polyurethane acrylates-guar gum composites were characterized before and after soil degradation by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), mechanical measurements and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the addition of guar gum produces significant improvement in the degradation rate of these composites. The guar gum filler’s susceptibility to humidity and to soil microorganisms resulted in significant chemical and morphological changes in the entire structure of the composite. Guar gum incorporation into the matrix of the crosslinked polyurethane acrylates leads to a significant decrease in the mechanical properties of the composite films after soil burial exposure.
Is There Too Much Government in Developed Countries? A Time-Series Analysis of 24 OECD-Economies
Authors: Coll Sebastian 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The economic consequences of public sector oversizing have been analyzed in hundreds of scientific contributions. The empirical branch of this literature tries to measure these effects through the use of three main tools: cross-sectional analysis of countries’ samples, time-series analysis of individual economies, and panel-data analysis. Most authors conclude that the current size of the public sector is too big in their analyzed economies, thus leading to reduced output. For different reasons, however, the results of both cross-sectional and time-series analyses are open to criticism. This article aims to check the validity of the converging conclusions obtained by time-series analyses. To this end, a simultaneous-equation model is designed, which evades the critiques addressed to prior contributions. Application of this model to 24 OECD countries during the 1975-to-2007 period suggests that at least most of these have indeed let their public sector grow beyond the level that is optimum for their economic performance.
Religion and Democracy
Authors: Diima Bogdan , Preda Ciipriian , Diima Mariia 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Based on the World Values Surveys 2005 data, measures of different aspects of religion are constructed and tested against various measures of democracy on a cross-national level for a set of 41 countries. The analyses reveal that there are some significant inter-linkages between the involved variables; however, the religious variables act in a nonuniform manner on the explanatory ones. We conclude that both conceptual and empirical arguments support the idea of democracy viewed as a religious dependent variable.
Maternal and perinatal outcomes in pregnancies with multiple sclerosis: a case-control study
Authors: Yalcin Serenat Eris , Yalcin Yakup , Yavuz And , Akkurt Mehmet Ozgur , Sezik Mekin 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

Objective:
To assess whether maternal multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes by determining the clinical course of disease during pregnancy and postpartum throughout a 10-year-period in a single tertiary center.

Methods:
We conducted a case-control study that included pregnancies with a definitive diagnosis of MS (n=43), matched with 100 healthy pregnant women with similar characteristics. Maternal and perinatal data were retrieved from hospital files. Groups were compared with the Mann-Whitney and χ
2 tests. Logistic regression models were constructed to determine independent effects.

Results:
Maternal demographic and baseline laboratory data were similar across the groups. Rates of preterm delivery, fetal growth restriction, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, stillbirth, cesarean delivery, congenital malformation, and 5-min Apgar score were comparable (P>0.05 for all). General anesthesia during cesarean delivery (96% vs. 39%, P=0.002), urinary tract infection (UTI) (12% vs. 3%, P=0.04), low 1-min Apgar score (21% vs. 9%, P=0.04), and nonbreastfeeding (33% vs. 2%, P=0.001) were more frequent in women with MS. The low 1-min Apgar score and breastfeeding rates were independent of general anesthesia and UTI in regression models.

Conclusion:
MS during pregnancy was not associated with adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes except UTI, low 1-min Apgar scores, and decreased breastfeeding rates.
Dense sampling provides a reevaluation of the southern geographic distribution of the cavies Galea and Microcavia (Rodentia)
Authors: Udrizar Sauthier Daniel E. , Formoso Anahí E. , Teta Pablo , de Tommaso Daniela C. , Bernardis Adela M. , Tammone Mauro N. , Pardiñas Ulyses F.J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe southern distribution of the small cavies
Electronic and optical properties of Mn–S co-doped anatase TiO2 from first-principles calculations
Authors: Wu Guohao , Zheng S.K. , Yan Xiaobing 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The electronic and optical properties of Mn–S co-doped anatase TiO2 were calculated using the plane-wave-based ultrasoft pseudopotential density functional method within its generalized gradient approximation (GGA). The calculated results show that the band gap of Mn–S co-doped TiO2 is larger than that of the pure TiO2, and two impurity bands appear in the forbidden band, one of which above the valence band plays a vital role for the improvement of the visible light catalytic activity. The Mn–S co-doped anatase TiO2 could be a potential candidate for a photo catalyst because of its enhanced absorption ability of visible light.
Complex permittivity, permeability and microwave absorbing properties of Co–Ti substituted strontium hexaferrite
Authors: Bindra Narang Sukhleen , Kaur Pawandeep , Bahel Shalini 
Published: April 2016

AbstractM-type strontium ferrite with compositions SrFe(12-2x)CoxTixO19(x = 0.0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 1.0), were prepared by two route ceramic method. The effects of Co–Ti substitution on their microstructure, electromagnetic properties, and microwave absorptive behavior were analyzed. The complex permittivity (∊′-j∊″) and complex permeability (μ′-jμ″) have been measured from 8.2 to 12.4 GHz using a network analyzer. Scanning electron microscope was used to analyze the grain size distribution and porosity of the ferrite. X-ray diffraction confirmed the M-type structure of the doped strontium ferrite. Vibrating sample magnetometer was used to study hysteresis loop of the ferrite. This study suggests that the control of grain size, decrease in coercivity and enhanced values of dielectric constant and loss are effective means to improve microwave absorption. The dielectric constant and loss were enhanced in comparison to the permeability constant and loss over the entire frequency range.
Effects of thermal treatment and fluoride ion doping on surface and catalytic properties of NiO–ZrO2catalysts
Authors: Abdel Fattah Reham M. , Kiwan Hala A. , Ahmed Awad I. , Mostafa Mohamed R. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractZrO2and a series of NiO/ZrO2hydrogels (5 to 25 wt.% NiO) were co-precipitated with the aid of NaOH–Na2C2O4solution. Two fluorinated hydrogels were also prepared by wet impregnation method. The samples were calcined in the temperature range of 550 to 850 °C. The surface properties of the samples were determined using DTA, XRD and nitrogen adsorption at −196 °C. The conversion of isopropanol was tested using microcatalytic pulse technique. DTA measurements showed that the addition of nickel oxide to zirconia influences the phase transition of ZrO2. XRD revealed that the tetragonal phase was formed at T ⩽ 650 °C, while a biphasic mixture was obtained at T ⩾ 750 °C. No spinel structure was detected by both DTA and XRD techniques and only traces of cubic NiO were detected for the samples containing ⩾ 15 wt.% nickel oxide and calcined at T ⩾ 750 °C. Significant changes in texture, surface acidity and catalytic activity were found as a result of the effects of thermal treatment and chemical composition. Incorporation of fluoride ions greatly increased the surface acidity and consequently enhanced the dehydration activity. It has been found that dehydration activity is related to the amount of surface acidity while the dehydrogenation of this alcohol is sensitive to NiO content.