bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid Valence Bands in Strained-Layer Heterostructures grown on Relaxed SiGe Virtual Substrates
Authors: Lee Minjoo L. , Fitzgerald Eugene A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe use of alternative channel materials such as germanium [1,2] and strained silicon (ε-Si) [3-5] is increasingly being considered as a method for improving the performance of MOSFETs. While ε-Si grown on relaxed Si1-x Gex is drawing closer to widespread commercialization, it is currently believed that almost all of the performance benefit in CMOS implementations will derive from the enhanced mobility of the n -MOSFET [5]. In this paper, we demonstrate that ε-Si p -MOSFETs can be engineered to exhibit mobility enhancements that increase or remain constant as a function of inversion density. We have also designed and fabricated ε-Si / ε-Ge dual-channel p -MOSFETs exhibiting mobility enhancements of 10 times. These p -MOSFETs can be integrated on the same wafers as ε-Si n -MOSFETs, making symmetric-mobility CMOS possible.
Process Optimization for Multiple-Pulses Laser Annealing for Boron Implanted Silicon with Germanium Pre-amorphization
Authors: Poon Debora , Cho Byung Jin , Lu Yong Feng , Tan Leng Seow , Bhat Mousumi , See Alex 
Published: June 2017

AbstractOne of the major advantages of multiple-pulses Laser Thermal Annealing (LTA) with moderate energy fluence is that good dopant activation can be achieved without further increases in junction depth by successive pulses. It is demonstrated that when the laser fluence is adjusted to a value that can melt the preamorphization implantation (PAI) layer but not the underlying silicon substrate, PAI layer depths control the junction depths. Hence, it is desirable to operate LTA in this regime since this allows for a tighter process control as opposed to when the junction depth is controlled solely by the laser fluence. High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM) micrographs show that the degree of damage repair depends on the amorphous layer thickness as well as the number of pulses. Our study allows for the evaluation of the maximum allowable PAI depth for a given number of pulses in order to fully remove the damage caused by the PAI.
A rare case of monozygotic iniodymic diprosopiasis in a German Holstein calf
Authors: Behn Holger , Freick Markus , Weber Jim 
Published: June 2017

SummaryCraniofacial duplication abnormity is a rare phenomenon in buiatric practice. This report attends to a male German Holstein calf which could be classified as a diprosopic iniodymus. A fetus exhibiting a doubled face was delivered after fetotomy. To our knowledge, this is the first description of diprosopiasis with two cranial cavities as well as two separate encephala in a calf showing the potential extent of duplication. Throughout this work also the question is answered of whether this malformation in a bovine species arose from one embryo or rather, there is a dizygotic background by genotyping of tissue samples from both parts of the diprosopus. Regarding etiology, not only hereditary dispositions including among others a failed function of the signaling molecule Sonic hedgehog mediating regulation of craniofacial morphogenesis, but also incompletely separated monozygotic twins are discussed.
Cystinurie aufgrund einer SLC7A9-Missense-Mutation bei Siammischlingskatzen eines Wurfs in Deutschland
Authors: Hilton Stephanie , Mizukami Keijiro , Giger Urs 
Published: June 2017

ZusammenfassungCystinurie wird durch einen Defekt bei der renalen Rückresorption der Aminosäuren Cystin, Ornithin, Lysin und Arginin (COLA) im proximalen Nierentubulus verursacht. Die geringe Löslichkeit von Cystin im leicht sauren Milieu führt zur Bildung von Kristallen und Steinen im Urin. In der letzten Zeit gab es Fortschritte hinsichtlich Diagnostik und Verständnis der Cystinurie bei unseren Haustieren. Bei Katzen sind beide Geschlechter gleichermaßen von der Erkrankung betroffen, unabhängig vom Kastrationsstatus. Trotz der relativen Seltenheit wurden bislang mehr Genmutationen bei Katzen als bei Hunden entdeckt. In dieser Fallstudie wurde ein Wurf Siammischlingskatzen in Deutschland klinisch auf Cystinurie untersucht und auf die bei Katzen bekannten Cystinurie-verursachenden Mutationen getestet. Ein adulter, kastrierter Kater wies Cystinkristalle und eine harnsteininduzierte Harnwegsobstruktion auf, die eine perineale Urethrostomie, Zystotomie und medi zinische Behandlung erforderlich machten. Dieser Kater und ein männlich-kastriertes Geschwistertier ohne klinische Anzeichen einer Harnwegserkrankung wurden im Nitroprussidtest positiv auf Cystin getestet, hatten erhöhte COLA-Werte und waren homozygot für die Punktmutation p.Val294Glu im SLC7A9-Gen, das die b0,+AT-Untereinheit für den b0,+-COLA-Transporter in der Niere kodiert. Ein weiteres männliches Geschwistertier zeigte keine Cystinurie und wurde negativ auf die Mutation getestet. Die gleiche SLC7A9-Mutation ließ sich bereits bei jeweils einer Maine-Coon-, Sphinx- und Mittellanghaarkatze in Nordamerika nachweisen, was auf einen gemeinsamen Vorfahren und eine weitere Verbreitung schließen lässt. Das Screening auf diese Mutation stellt eine einfache und zuverlässige Methode zur Untersuchung von Katzen auf Cystinurie dar und ermöglicht eine gezielte Behandlung betroffener Tiere.
The Appellate Division has spoken – Sequestration Proceedings do not Qualify as Proceedings to Enforce a Credit Agreement under The National Credit Act 34 of 2005: Naidoo v ABSA Bank 2010 4 SA 597 (SCA)
Authors: Maghembe Ngwaru 
Published: June 2017

This case note aims to analyse the decision of the Supreme Court of Appeal in Naidoo v ABSA Bank 2010 4 SA 597 (SCA) and to spark some debate as to whether being under debt review in terms of the National Credit Act (NCA) should bar sequestration proceedings in the form of an application for the compulsory sequestration of a consumer’s estate. This decision held that a credit provider does not need to comply with the procedure provided for in section 129(1) of the NCA before instituting sequestration proceedings against a debtor, as such proceedings are not proceedings to enforce a credit agreement. The main issues discussed in this article are whether the court was correct in its interpretation of the relevant provisions of the NCA and whether this decision that allows a creditor to sequestrate a debtor who is attempting to meet his/her obligations under debt review, without informing him/her, is consistent with the principle urging consumers to satisfy all of their financial obligations under the NCA. It is submitted by the author that the court was correct in its interpretation of the relevant provisions of the NCA, but may have overlooked how this decision may impact the principle of satisfaction by the consumer of all of his/her financial obligations. It is suggested by the author that amendments be made to force the creditor to give a section 129 notice to the debtor before seeking sequestration of his/her estate. The author also suggests that once debt restructuring has been granted, credit providers should not be allowed to proceed with sequestration proceedings against the debtor.
Neurotransmitter exchange in patients with skin melanoma
Authors: Afanas’eva Z A , Mukhamatgaleeva L K , Bilalov F S , Gataullin I G , Potanin V P , Ismagilov A K 
Published: June 2017

Aim. To study peculiarities of neurotransmitter exchange in patients with skin melanoma.
Methods. Neurotransmitters (adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine) and their ratio in blood plasma were determined in 111 patients with skin melanoma and 38 healthy donors. The patients were divided into 3 groups: primary patients, patients with relapse of the disease and without relapse. To exclude the influence of undesirable factors (stress and physical exertion) on the level of neurotransmitters, the patients’ blood was drawn 1 day after admission in the morning on an empty stomach. Adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine concentration in the blood plasma was determined with the use of high-yield liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection.
Results. Analyzing noradrenaline/adrenaline ratio in the studied patients’ groups we noted significant unidirectionality of the changes in the form of increased noradrenaline and decreased adrenergic link of sympathoadrenal system i.e. in patients with skin melanoma mediator link dominates over hormonal link. Evaluation of noradrenaline/dopamine and dopamine ratio demonstrated that in normal or even increased level of dopamine adrenaline and noradrenaline levels are below normal that can indicate dysfunction of enzyme systems involved in neurotransmitter exchange and/or their accumulation in tumors. Maximal disorders of neurotransmitter exchange were registered in the group of patients with the disease relapse.
Conclusion. Patients with skin melanoma have imbalance of sympathoadrenal system that creates the perspective for the use of neuropharmacological drugs and psychotherapy in the treatment and rehabilitation of such patients.
The oral cavity state in professional athletes on the background of intense physical exercises
Authors: Safaraliev F R , Mamedov F Yu 
Published: June 2017

Aim. To estimate the parameters of dental and immune status of professional athletes’ oral cavity on the background of intense physical exercises.
Methods. Clinical and laboratory studies of oral cavity of 122 athletes were conducted. The inclusion criteria for the study group were the athletes involved in freestyle and Greco-Roman wrestling with identical living conditions, nutrition, training, aged 19 to 27 years. Athletic experience of professional sports was 8 to 13 years. The presence of chronic catarrhal gingivitis and chronic generalized periodontitis of mild and moderate severity were identified. Biochemical studies were conducted in 92 male athletes (wrestlers of the free and classical style) aged 19 to 27 years. Samples of saliva were collected in the morning on an empty stomach 15-30 min prior to training and within 1 h after the intensive training sessions.
Results. Before the start of the training of wrestlers with intact periodontium no signs of bleeding gums were detected, but at the end of the training process due to rising intensity of physical exercise, deterioration of the hygienic condition of the oral cavity and increasing blood flow, bleeding developed. After completion of the cycle of intense physical training with heavy loads aimed at the development of strength endurance in the prelaunch period, the immune status of the examined athletes changes a little. In accordance with the received data of laboratory investigations highly qualified athletes have decreased secretory immunoglobulin A on the background of significantly increased proinflammatory cytokine in the same biotope of the oral cavity.
Conclusion. Long-term and excessive exercise often lead to changes of local immunity in the oral cavity and development of pathological processes in periodontal tissues that indicates the feasibility of their timely diagnosis and correction.
Surgical treatment of «dry» forms of central chorioretinal dystrophy with the use of platelet-rich blood autoplasma
Authors: Arsjutov D G 
Published: June 2017

Aim. To study the impact of platelet-rich blood autoplasma on the capability of the retinal regeneration in nonexudative forms of central chorioretinal dystrophy with the use of microinvasive vitreoretinal surgery.
Methods. Surgical treatment was performed on 14 patients with central chorioretinal dystrophy aged 29 to 87 years. The surgery technique consisted of 3-port 25+, 27 Ga vitrectomy with posterior hyaline membrane and internal limiting membrane peel with subsequent central retinal exfoliation with 38 Ga cannula and balanced sodium solution and subretinal injection to the formed in macule space 0.1-0.2 ml of platelet-rich autolplasma.
Results. As a result of the treatment according to this technique during the long-term period after the surgery (1 to 9 months) thickness of fovea reduced to 85-150 µm in average staying stable during the whole observation period. In 9 patients pigment epithelium thickened from 24 to 38 µm in parafoveolar area and fovea area. Corrected vision in 3 patients reached 0.1, and in the rest it did not exceed 0.06, herewith, all patients noted consistently improved vision. All patients had favorable evolution of photosensitivity according to microperimetry in average from 0.1-0.5 to 8.5-11 dB with a tendency of fixation point movement from periphery to the center.
Conclusion. Vitreoretinal surgery 25+, 27 Ga for nonexudative forms of central chorioretinal dystrophy with the use of subretinal injection of platelet-rich autoplasma is a microinvasive, safe, effective method of the treatment of such pathology improving vision characteristics and anatomical and physiological characteristics of the eye involved.
Choice of sternal closure technique in patients with poststernotomy mediastinitis
Authors: Gorbunov V A , Dzhordzhikiya R K , Mukharyamov M N , Vagizov I I , Omelyanenko A S 
Published: June 2017

Aim. Comparison of the efficacy of different sternal closure techniques for patients with poststernotomy mediastinitis.
Methods. From 2011 till 2016 29 patients after cardiothoracic surgeries complicated by poststernotomy mediastinitis and sternal dehiscence were observed. Depending on the used technique of re-osteosynthesis the patients were divided into 3 groups. In the group 1 re-osteosynthesis was performed with steel surgical wire, in group 2 - with titanium nickelide staples, and in group 3 - with developed by authors modernized U-shaped wire suture on the padding consisting of perforated metal sheet (titanium mesh). All patients during pre-operative period had vacuum wound drainage performed. In some patients during re-osteosynthesis vancomycin paste was used.
Results. The rate of sternal dehiscence recurrence in the group 1 was 30%, in group 2 - 12.5% and in group 3 - 9% (р1-2=0.08, р1-3=0.04, р2-3=0.2). The average hospital stay in group 1 was 51 days, in group 2 - 27 days and in group 3 - 24 days (р1-2=0.05, р1-3=0.07, р2-3=0.4). In inharmed bone tissue of the sternum titanium nickelide staples use decreases the risk of recurrent sternal dehiscence by 17.5% compared to widely used osteosynthesis method with the use of steel wire.
Conclusion. Osteosynthesis method suggested by the authors demonstrated its reliability in 91% of cases; use of vancomycin paste during re-osteosynthesis allowed avoiding recurrent wound infection both in short- and long-term periods in 100% of cases.
Análisis retrospectivo de las enfermedades parasitarias del mono ardilla (Saimiri sciureus) en dos condiciones ex situ en el noroccidente de los Andes suramericanos
Authors: Botero C. Laura Catalina , Fernández D. Alejandra , Forero M. Natalia , Rosas G. Steven , Soler-Tovar Diego 
Published: June 2017

El mono ardilla (Cebidae: Saimiri sciureus) es una especie de primate neotropical. La mayor susceptibilidad a la presencia de parásitos en estos primates se puede deber a las condiciones ex situ a las que se encuentran sometidos, en donde se exponen a diferentes factores ambientales y de manejo. A partir de las historias clínicas de una población de 94 Saimiri sciureus del Parque Zoológico Jaime Duque (PZJD) y de la Unidad de Rescate y Rehabilitación de Animales Silvestres (Urras), instituciones ubicadas al noroccidente de los Andes suramericanos, se determinó la presencia de los parásitos diagnosticados en estas dos condiciones (exhibición y rehabilitación, respectivamente), estableciendo la posible asociación con la edad, el sexo, la sintomatología y los medicamentos. Se utilizaron histogramas y prueba de chi cuadrado para definir las diferencias de parásitos en estos dos lugares y poder determinar la mayor frecuencia presente en Saimiri sciureus. Por otro lado, el limitado conocimiento y los estudios parasitológicos de estos primates delimitan la gestión pública y dificultan el establecimiento de posibles zoonosis.
Conservación y elaboración de piezas anatómicas con sustancias diferentes al formol en la Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias de la Universidad de La Salle
Authors: Muñetón Gómez César Alfonso , Ortiz José Alejandro 
Published: June 2017

El presente estudio, realizado en el área de Anatomía, se basó en la búsqueda de una alternativa diferente al formol para la conservación de piezas anatómicas, teniendo en cuenta sustancias menos agresivas con el medioambiente, y buscando una disminución en el número de animales destinados para el estudio anatómico. Por otra parte, se realizó el diseño y la elaboración de modelos anatómicos en diferentes materiales como yeso, acrílico, látex y resinas para su utilización como herramienta didáctica en el proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje de la asignatura; así mismo, se dio inicio a la plastinación de algunos órganos a fin de permitir su conservación y estudio de la forma más natural posible.
Dirofilaria immitis: una zoonosis presente en el mundo
Authors: Sánchez Klinge Marta Elena , Calvo Robayo Pilar , Mutis Barreto Claudia Aixa 
Published: June 2017

La dirofilariasis, causada por Dirofilaria immitis, o gusano del corazón del perro, es una enfermedad de distribución mundial transmitida por mosquitos de los géneros Aedes, Anopheles, Culex y Taeniorhynchus; en humanos, esta filaria causa lesiones cutáneas y pulmonares, aunque ya se han reportado casos de dirofilariasis humana con localizaciones diferentes tales como grandes vasos mesentéricos, peritoneales, cordón espermático y aun en lado derecho del corazón. En el humano, a diferencia del perro, no hay una filaremia. Los síntomas más comunes son: dolor retroesternal, tos y hemoptisis. Un nódulo fibrótico (de uno a tres centímetros de diámetro) muchas veces es asintomático y se identifica solo en las radiografías de tórax como una lesión en forma de moneda. En los Estados Unidos existen unos cincuenta casos reportados en humanos, aunque también se han reportado casos en Japón, Asia, Australia, Brasil y Argentina. En la Universidad de La Salle se realizó una investigación para determinar la frecuencia de presentación de la Dirofilaria immitis en perros de Bogotá D. C (2600 msnm) mediante la prueba enzimática de Elisa Petchek®, la cual es específica y no presenta reacción cruzada con otros parásitos, brindando un diagnóstico rápido y certero de la enfermedad. Se encontró una frecuencia del 1%, de perros positivos a Dirofilaria immitis; si se tiene en cuenta que en esta ciudad hay una población aproximada de 800.000 perros, el posible número de animales positivos al parásito estaría en el orden de 8.000 perros, que potencialmente podrían transmitir la enfermedad al humano a través de la picadura de los mosquitos. El número de perros expuestos a la enfermedad del gusano del corazón en el mundo es cada vez mayor, y debido a que la dirofilaria rara vez se reconoce en humanos, su prevención depende en gran parte de la reducción de la prevalencia de la enfermedad en los perros, ya que incluso en Colombia se detectaron anticuerpos específicos contra los antígenos del complejo de gusanos adultos de Dirofilaria immitis en individuos de una comunidad indígena tikuna aislada en la Amazonia colombiana.
“Hacer maldad” para producir daño o enfermedad. Una aproximación fenomenológica a la brujería en una localidad chol
Authors: Rodríguez Ceja Gabriela Eugenia 
Published: June 2017

La perspectiva fenomenológica nos permite aproximarnos a la forma como la brujería impacta en la salud de las personas ch’oles, a través de la experiencia cotidiana del cuerpo vivido. Esto es posible debido a la concordancia entre la lógica cultural del mundo en el que viven y aquello que perciben, pues existe correspondencia entre el conflicto social construido en torno de una persona envidiosa, las acciones que ésta realiza para generar daño en otras, y la experiencia de estas últimas al percibir las consecuencias del daño. El planteamiento que guía este trabajo refiere a que las diferencias culturales pueden producir, no sólo diferentes modos de pensar basados en diferentes conceptos o símbolos, sino que pueden generar experiencias desde percepciones corporales distintas (Ots, 1990). Entre los ch’oles calakmuleños existe una forma particular de relación sujeto-mundo que genera que las personas tengan experiencias relacionadas con la brujería, las cuales pueden conducirlos a enfermar
PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF CAMEL MILK AS ANTI-DIABETIC SUPPLEMENT: BIOCHEMICAL, MOLECULAR AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDY
Authors: Mansour Ahmed A. , Nassan Mohammed A. , Saleh Osama M. , Soliman Mohamed M. 
Published: June 2017

Background: Diabetes is a serious disease affects human health. Diabetes in advanced stages is accompanied by general weakness and alteration in fats and carbohydrates metabolism. Recently there are some scientific trends about the usage of camel milk (CM) in the treatment of diabetes and its associated alterations. CM contains vital active particles with insulin like action that cure diabetes and its complications but how these effects occur, still unclear.
Materials and Methods: Seventy-five adult male rats of the albino type divided into five equal groups. Group 1 served as a negative control (C). Group 2 was supplemented with camel milk (CM). Diabetes was induced in the remaining groups (3, 4 and 5). Group 3 served as positive diabetic control (D). Group 4 served as diabetic and administered metformin (D+MET). Group 5 served as diabetes and supplemented with camel milk (D+CM). Camel milk was supplemented for two consecutive months. Serum glucose, leptin, insulin, liver, kidney, antioxidants, MDA and lipid profiles were assayed. Tissues from liver and adipose tissues were examined using RT-PCR analysis for the changes in mRNA expression of genes of carbohydrates and lipid metabolism. Pancreas and liver were used for immunohistochemical examination using specific antibodies.
Results: Camel milk supplementation ameliorated serum biochemical measurements that altered after diabetes induction. CM supplementation up-regulated mRNA expression of IRS-2, PK, and FASN genes, while down-regulated the expression of CPT-1 to control mRNA expression level. CM did not affect the expression of PEPCK gene. On the other hand, metformin failed to reduce the expression of CPT-1 compared to camel milk administered rats. Immunohistochemical findings revealed that CM administration restored the immunostaining reactivity of insulin and GLUT-4 in the pancreas of diabetic rats.
Conclusion: CM administration is of medical importance and helps physicians in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.