bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
It's not just the big kids: Both high and low BMI impact bracing success for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Authors: Goodbody Christine M. , Asztalos Ivor B. , Sankar Wudbhav N. , Flynn John M. 
Published: August 2016

Purpose Bracing is a common treatment for patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) and is recommended for most skeletally immature patients with a curve of 25–45° in order to prevent or delay curve progression. The aim of this study was to determine at which body habitus orthotic management for AIS becomes less effective. We hypothesize that overweight children are more likely to fail brace treatment. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study involving consecutive patients with AIS treated with a thoracolumbosacral orthosis at a large pediatric tertiary care center. Patients were divided into three groups based on BMI: (1) high-BMI group (BMI >85th percentile); (2) low-BMI group (BMI <20th percentile); (3) mid-BMI group (BMI 20th–85th percentile). Successful orthotic treatment was defined as an increase in the primary curve of <5°, prevention of progression past 45°, and avoidance of surgery. Results The study cohort comprised 182 patients with a mean age of 12.5 years at brace prescription and a mean follow-up of 2 years. Compared to the mid-BMI group, high- and low-BMI patients were significantly more likely to fail orthotic management. The association between high-BMI and orthotic failure disappeared when compliance and in-brace correction were taken into account, but the association between low-BMI and each poor outcome remained significant. Conclusions Based on our results, children on either end of the BMI spectrum are more likely to fail brace treatment for scoliosis than their mid-BMI counterparts. In high-BMI patients, this appears to be in large part attributable to an inadequacy of in-brace curve correction as well as to poorer brace compliance, while a low BMI appears to be an independent risk factor for brace failure. Level of evidence III.
Microbiota, regulatory T cell subsets, and allergic disorders
Authors: Ohnmacht Caspar 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Epidemiologic studies revealed a crucial role of the environment for the increased prevalence of allergic disorders. The microbiota as part of our immediate environment promotes immune diversity that facilitates a well-equilibrated balance between immunity and tolerance. Alterations of our symbiotic microbiota especially in early life is thought to play a fundamental role in defining susceptibility to the development of allergic diseases during adult life on the population level. Due to a high density of bacteria, viruses and fungi and a large contact surface area for host-microbiota interactions, the most relevant interaction between microbes and our immune system are thought to occur in the gut. The immune system co-evolved with the symbiotic microbiota and adopted a variety of mechanisms to allow a dynamic state of tolerance, including the induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Foxp3-expressing Tregs are well-described immune regulators in autoimmune and allergic disorders. However, recent years have shown that Tregs can come in different flavours with different regulatory potential and outcome for our immune system. This review summarizes novel findings from basic immunology research that may help to better understand the interaction between the microbiota, differentiation of Tregs and its consequences for the onset and regulation of allergic disorders.
Concordance between HER‐2 status determined by qPCR in Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) samples compared with IHC and FISH in Core Needle Biopsy (CNB) or surgical specimens in breast cancer patients
Authors: Rodriguez Claudia , Suciu Voichita , Poterie Audrey , Lacroix Ludovic , Miran Isabelle , Boichard Amélie , Delaloge Suzette , Deneuve Jacqueline , Azoulay Sandy , Mathieu Marie-Christine , Valent Alexander , Michiels Stefan , Arnedos Monica , Vielh Philippe 
Published: August 2016

Determining the status of HER2‐neu amplification and overexpression in breast cancer is crucial for prognosis but mostly for treatment purposes. Standard techniques include the determination of IHC in combination with in situ hybridization techniques to confirm a HER2‐neu amplification in case of IHC2+ using either a core‐needle biopsy or a surgical specimen. qPCR has been also demonstrated to be able to determine HER2 status, mostly in core biopsies or in surgical specimens. Fine‐needle aspiration is a reliable, quicker and less invasive technique that is widely used for diagnosis of invasive breast cancer. In this study, we assessed the performance of qPCR in invasive breast carcinomas to determine HER2‐neu status by using fine‐needle aspiration samples and comparing to standard IHC and FISH. From a total of 154 samples from patients who had nodular breast lesions and attended the 1‐day‐stop clinic at the Gustave Roussy from March 2013 to October 2014, qPCR was able to determine the HER2 status in a mean of 3.7 days (SD 3.1). The overall concordance with standard HER2‐testing was very high: 97% (95% CI 0.94 to 0.99); sensitivity was 96% (0.87–1), specificity 98% (0.95–1) and positive and negative predictive values 88% (0.75–1) and 99% (0.98–1), respectively.In conclusion, our study demonstrates that qPCR performed using fine‐needle aspiration samples from a primary tumour is a reliable and fast method to determine HER2/neu status in patients with early breast cancer.
Research Methods in Healthcare Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Stewardship—Mathematical Modeling
Authors: Barnes Sean L. , Kasaie Parastu , Anderson Deverick J. , Rubin Michael 
Published: August 2016

Mathematical modeling is a valuable methodology used to study healthcare epidemiology and antimicrobial stewardship, particularly when more traditional study approaches are infeasible, unethical, costly, or time consuming. We focus on 2 of the most common types of mathematical modeling, namely compartmental modeling and agent-based modeling, which provide important advantages—such as shorter developmental timelines and opportunities for extensive experimentation—over observational and experimental approaches. We summarize these advantages and disadvantages via specific examples and highlight recent advances in the methodology. A checklist is provided to serve as a guideline in the development of mathematical models in healthcare epidemiology and antimicrobial stewardship.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2016;1–7
Sustained Impact of an Antibiotic Stewardship Intervention for Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Li David X. , Ferrada Marcela A. , Avdic Edina , Tamma Pranita D. , Cosgrove Sara E. 
Published: August 2016

Antibiotic stewardship interventions targeting community-acquired pneumonia have been successful in reducing antibiotic overuse in the short term, but the sustainability of their effects has not been investigated. We report that improvements in antibiotic use due to a syndrome-focused intervention for community-acquired pneumonia were sustained 3 years later without additional intervention.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;1–4
Association between inflammatory potential of diet and risk of depression in middle-aged women: the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health
Authors: Shivappa Nitin , Schoenaker Danielle A. J. M. , Hebert James R. , Mishra Gita D. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDietary factors and inflammation markers have been shown to play a role in the development of depression. However, there are very few studies that have explored the association between inflammatory potential of diet and risk of depression. In this study, we examined the association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII), which was developed specifically to measure the inflammatory potential of diet, and risk of depression in the middle-aged cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health. A total of 6438 women with a mean age of 52·0 (sd 1·4) years at baseline were followed-up at five surveys over 12 years (2001–2013). Depression was defined as a score of ≥10 on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression-10 scale. The DII score, a literature-derived, population-based dietary index that has been validated against several inflammatory markers, was computed on the basis of dietary intake assessed using a validated FFQ. Generalised estimating equations were used to estimate relative risk (RR) of depression according to DII score. Models were adjusted for energy intake, highest education completed, marital status, menopause status and symptoms, personal illness or injury, smoking status, physical activity, BMI and depression diagnosis or treatment. In total, 1156 women (18 %) had scores≥10 on the CESD scale over the course of 9 years. Women with the most anti-inflammatory diet had an approximately 20 % lower risk of developing depression compared with women with the most pro-inflammatory diet (RRDII quartile 1 v. 4: 0·81; 95 % CI 0·69, 0·96; Ptrend=0·03). These results suggest that an anti-inflammatory diet is associated with lower risk of depression in middle-aged Australian women.
An Argand diagram for two by two matrices
Authors: Crilly Tony 
Published: August 2016

A vivid memory of mine is of being shown that certain 2 × 2 matrices were ‘really’ complex numbers. The correspondence between matrices of the formand complex numbersseemed magical and the additional remark thatwas an unexpected bonus. The correspondence has been examined in various articles in the Gazette [1, 2]. That it is an isomorphism is seen by comparingwithin the case of addition, and, in the case of multiplication, by comparingwith
Human cooperation shows the distinctive signatures of adaptations to small-scale social life
Authors: Tooby John , Cosmides Leda 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe properties of individual carbon atoms allow them to chain into complex molecules of immense length. They are not limited to structures involving only a few atoms. The design features of our evolved neural adaptations appear similarly extensible. Individuals with forager brains can link themselves together into unprecedentedly large cooperative structures without the need for large group-beneficial modifications to evolved human design. Roles need only be intelligible to our social program logic, and judged better than alternatives.
Toward mechanistic models of action-oriented and detached cognition
Authors: Pezzulo Giovanni 
Published: August 2016

AbstractTo be successful, the research agenda for a novel control view of cognition should foresee more detailed, computationally specified process models of cognitive operations including higher cognition. These models should cover all domains of cognition, including those cognitive abilities that can be characterized as online interactive loops and detached forms of cognition that depend on internally generated neuronal processing.
What the Fox Says, How the Fox Works: Deep Contextualization as a Source of New Research Agendas and Theoretical Insights
Authors: Meyer Klaus E. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractUsing Isaiah Berlin’s distinction between foxes and hedgehogs, John Child’s approach to management research has been described as a fox in a community dominated by hedgehogs. I thus explore Child’s approach to conducting research on China-related phenomena, and place his new work into this trajectory. In doing so, I offer insights into the opportunities and limitations of developing research agendas and generating new theoretical insights from research that is deeply contextualized.
Typology and Effects of Co-opetition in Buyer–Supplier Relationships: Evidence from the Chinese Home Appliance Industry
Authors: Liu Yi , Luo Yadong , Yang Pianpian , Maksimov Vladislav 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBuilding on the co-opetition perspective, this study takes a unified approach to examine relationship benefits and transaction costs in buyer–supplier relationships. We argue that buyer–supplier vertical dyads fall into one of four distinct co-opetition types based on their respective degrees of cooperation and competition. Each co-opetition situation then corresponds to unique levels of relationship benefits and transaction costs. A sample of 225 supplier–buyer dyads from the Chinese home appliance industry confirms that competition has a positive effect on transaction costs and a negative effect on relationship benefits, while cooperation stimulates greater relationship benefits but affects transaction costs mainly at low competition levels. The results advance prior research on buyer–supplier relationships and co-opetition and offer valuable avenues for future research.
Electronically tunable extraordinary optical transmission in graphene plasmonic ribbons coupled to subwavelength metallic slit arrays
Authors: Kim Seyoon , Jang Min Seok , Brar Victor W. , Tolstova Yulia , Mauser Kelly W. , Atwater Harry A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSubwavelength metallic slit arrays have been shown to exhibit extraordinary optical transmission, whereby tunnelling surface plasmonic waves constructively interfere to create large forward light propagation. The intricate balancing needed for this interference to occur allows for resonant transmission to be highly sensitive to changes in the environment. Here we demonstrate that extraordinary optical transmission resonance can be coupled to electrostatically tunable graphene plasmonic ribbons to create electrostatic modulation of mid-infrared light. Absorption in graphene plasmonic ribbons situated inside metallic slits can efficiently block the coupling channel for resonant transmission, leading to a suppression of transmission. Full-wave simulations predict a transmission modulation of 95.7% via this mechanism. Experimental measurements reveal a modulation efficiency of 28.6% in transmission at 1,397 cm−1, corresponding to a 2.67-fold improvement over transmission without a metallic slit array. This work paves the way for enhancing light modulation in graphene plasmonics by employing noble metal plasmonic structures.
Interdependent IL-7 and IFN-γ signalling in T-cell controls tumour eradication by combined α-CTLA-4+α-PD-1 therapy
Authors: Shi Lewis Zhichang , Fu Tihui , Guan Baoxiang , Chen Jianfeng , Blando Jorge M. , Allison James P. , Xiong Liangwen , Subudhi Sumit K. , Gao Jianjun , Sharma Padmanee 
Published: August 2016

AbstractCombination therapy with α-CTLA-4 and α-PD-1 has shown significant clinical responses in different types of cancer. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, combining detailed analysis of human tumour samples with preclinical tumour models, we report that concomitant blockade of CTLA-4 and PD-1 improves anti-tumour immune responses and synergistically eradicates tumour. Mechanistically, combination therapy relies on the interdependence between IL-7 and IFN-γ signalling in T cells, as lack of either pathway abrogates the immune-boosting and therapeutic effects of combination therapy. Combination treatment increases IL-7Rα expression on tumour-infiltrating T cells in an IFN-γ/IFN-γR signalling-dependent manner, which may serve as a potential biomarker for clinical trials with immune checkpoint blockade. Our data suggest that combining immune checkpoint blockade with IL-7 signalling could be an effective modality to improve immunotherapeutic efficacy. Taken together, we conclude that combination therapy potently reverses immunosuppression and eradicates tumours via an intricate interplay between IFN-γ/IFN-γR and IL-7/IL-7R pathways.
Modification of tumor cell exosome content by transfection with wt-p53 and microRNA-125b expressing plasmid DNA and its effect on macrophage polarization
Authors: Trivedi M , Talekar M , Shah P , Ouyang Q , Amiji M 
Published: August 2016

AbstractExosomes are responsible for intercellular communication between tumor cells and others in the tumor microenvironment. These microvesicles promote oncogensis and can support towards metastasis by promoting a pro-tumorogenic environment. Modifying the exosomal content and exosome delivery are emerging novel cancer therapies. However, the clinical translation is limited due to feasibility of isolating and delivery of treated exosomes as well as an associated immune response in patients. In this study, we provide proof-of-concept for a novel treatment approach for manipulating exosomal content by genetic transfection of tumor cells using dual-targeted hyaluronic acid-based nanoparticles. Following transfection with plasmid DNA encoding for wild-type p53 (wt-p53) and microRNA-125b (miR-125b), we evaluate the transgene expression in the SK-LU-1 cells and in the secreted exosomes. Furthermore, along with modulation of wt-p53 and miR-125b expression, we also show that the exosomes (i.e., wt-p53/exo, miR-125b/exo and combination/exo) have a reprogramed global miRNA profile. The miRNAs in the exosomes were mainly related to the activation of genes associated with apoptosis as well as p53 signaling. More importantly, these altered miRNA levels in the exosomes could mediate macrophage repolarization towards a more pro-inflammatory/antitumor M1 phenotype. However, further studies, especially in vivo studies, are warranted to assess the direct influence of such macrophage reprogramming on cancer cells and oncogenesis post-treatment. The current study provides a novel platform enabling the development of therapeutic strategies affecting not only the cancer cells but also the tumor microenvironment by utilizing the ‘bystander effect’ through genetic transfer with secreted exosomes. Such modification could also support antitumor environment leading to decreased oncogenesis.
European Society of Cardiology Guideline-Adherent Antithrombotic Treatment and Risk of Mortality in Asian Patients with Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Li Cheng-Hung , Liu Chia-Jen , Chou Annie Y. , Chao Tze-Fan , Tuan Ta-Chuan , Chen Su-Jung , Wang Kang-Ling , Lin Yenn-Jiang , Chang Shih-Lin , Lo Li-Wei , Hu Yu-Feng , Chung Fa-Po , Liao Jo-Nan , Chen Tzeng-Ji , Wu Tsu-Juey , Chen Shih-Ann 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis study compared the risk of mortality in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients treated adherent to the 2012 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines for stroke prevention and those who were not treated according to guideline recommendations. This study used the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. From 1996 to 2011, 354,649 newly diagnosed AF patients were identified as the study population. Among the study cohort, 45,595 and 309,054 patients were defined as Guideline-Adherent and Non-Adherent groups, respectively. During the follow up of 1,480,280 person-years, 133,552 (37.7%) patients experienced mortality. The risk of mortality was lower among AF patients whose treatment was adherent to the guideline recommendation for stroke prevention than those whose treatment was not (annual risk of mortality = 4.3% versus 10.0%) with an adjusted hazard ratio of 0.62 (95% confidence interval = 0.61–0.64, p value < 0.001) after adjusting for age, gender, CHA2DS2-VASc score and antiplatelet therapy. The findings were consistently observed after propensity matching analysis. In conclusion, the risk of mortality was lower for AF patients who were treated according to the antithrombotic recommendations of the 2012 ESC guidelines, guided by the CHA2DS2-VASc score. Better efforts to implement guidelines would lead to improved outcomes for patients with AF.
Identification of novel miRNAs from drought tolerant rice variety Nagina 22
Authors: Mutum Roseeta Devi , Kumar Santosh , Balyan Sonia , Kansal Shivani , Mathur Saloni , Raghuvanshi Saurabh 
Published: August 2016

AbstractMicroRNAs regulate a spectrum of developmental and biochemical processes in plants and animals. Thus, knowledge of the entire miRNome is essential to understand the complete regulatory schema of any organism. The current study attempts to unravel yet undiscovered miRNA genes in rice. Analysis of small RNA libraries from various tissues of drought-tolerant ‘aus’ rice variety Nagina 22 (N22) identified 71 novel miRNAs. These were validated based on precursor hairpin structure, small RNA mapping pattern, ‘star’ sequence, conservation and identification of targets based on degradome data. While some novel miRNAs were conserved in other monocots and dicots, most appear to be lineage-specific. They were segregated into two different classes based on the closeness to the classical miRNA definition. Interestingly, evidence of a miRNA-like cleavage was found even for miRNAs that lie beyond the classical definition. Several novel miRNAs displayed tissue-enriched and/or drought responsive expression. Generation and analysis of the degradome data from N22 along with publicly available degradome identified several high confidence targets implicated in regulation of fundamental processes such as flowering and stress response. Thus, discovery of these novel miRNAs considerably expands the dimension of the miRNA-mediated regulation in rice.
Origin of Pressure-induced Superconducting Phase in KxFe2−ySe2 studied by Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction and Spectroscopy
Authors: Yamamoto Yoshiya , Yamaoka Hitoshi , Tanaka Masashi , Okazaki Hiroyuki , Ozaki Toshinori , Takano Yoshihiko , Lin Jung-Fu , Fujita Hidenori , Kagayama Tomoko , Shimizu Katsuya , Hiraoka Nozomu , Ishii Hirofumi , Liao Yen-Fa , Tsuei Ku-Ding , Mizuki Jun’ichiro 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPressure dependence of the electronic and crystal structures of KxFe2−ySe2, which has pressure-induced two superconducting domes of SC I and SC II, was investigated by x-ray emission spectroscopy and diffraction. X-ray diffraction data show that compressibility along the c-axis changes around 12 GPa, where a new superconducting phase of SC II appears. This suggests a possible tetragonal to collapsed tetragonal phase transition. X-ray emission spectroscopy data also shows the change in the electronic structure around 12 GPa. These results can be explained by the scenario that the two SC domes under pressure originate from the change of Fermi surface topology. Our results here show the pronounced increase of the density of states near the Fermi surface under pressure with a structural phase transition, which can help address our fundamental understanding for the appearance of the SC II phase.
Unified Electromagnetic-Electronic Design of Light Trapping Silicon Solar Cells
Authors: Boroumand Javaneh , Das Sonali , Vázquez-Guardado Abraham , Franklin Daniel , Chanda Debashis 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA three-dimensional unified electromagnetic-electronic model is developed in conjunction with a light trapping scheme in order to predict and maximize combined electron-photon harvesting in ultrathin crystalline silicon solar cells. The comparison between a bare and light trapping cell shows significant enhancement in photon absorption and electron collection. The model further demonstrates that in order to achieve high energy conversion efficiency, charge separation must be optimized through control of the doping profile and surface passivation. Despite having a larger number of surface defect states caused by the surface patterning in light trapping cells, we show that the higher charge carrier generation and collection in this design compensates the absorption and recombination losses and ultimately results in an increase in energy conversion efficiency. The fundamental physics behind this specific design approach is validated through its application to a 3 μm thick functional light trapping solar cell which shows 192% efficiency enhancement with respect to the bare cell of same thickness. Such a unified design approach will pave the path towards achieving the well-known Shockley-Queisser (SQ) limit for c-Si in thin-film (<30 μm) geometries.