bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The History of Development of Land Registration and Ownership Rights in Kosovo, Legal Challenges During the Years 1912-2014
Authors: Rudi LL.M. Blerta 
Published: August 2016

Knowing that the registration of ownership rights is very important institute for legal and economic system of Kosovo, for its constitutive effect in gaining of ownership rights, protection of property rights of the owner and which enables effective management of the land, in order to understand its development, is necessary to turn back to history.Regarding to this, Kosovo is not known for an early origin and consolidated system of land registration until Twentieth Century; even afterwards, its development was influenced by many socio-economic and political factors.The review of the historical development of land records deserves a detailed study in Kosovo due to its complexity through the years, so in order to understand more accurately the footsteps of regimes, it is necessary to examine periods until 1912, 1912-1999 and 1999 till now days, because the elaboration of normative acts that arranged registration over the years, enable the readers to create a clear overview related to advances and characteristics of each stage of its development,therefore the differences and similiarities can be noticed clearly through descriptive and comparison method.Especially postwar period is characterized by major advances and essential changes as: Approval of Constitution and abrogation of old system. These changes contained fairly challenges, but important is that the situation normalized and is moving towards positive trends of legislative development.Actually, in Kosovo, property rights are receiving deserved attention, but it is somewhat worrying the emphasizing lack of the review of the registration, reason that encouraged me to elaborate this topic in order to gain more knowledge about the institute of registration system and complexities that accompanies it.
Reaching Constructive Compromise: Steps, Tactics, and Strategies
Authors: Salihu MA. Arben 
Published: August 2016

The history of war and conflicts is as old as human history itself. Along with it always existed attempts to find ways and means to reconcile conflicting parties and reach peace. In today’s world, more than ever, where war and conflicts are everyday occurrence is imperative to find faster and reliable ways how to resolve conflicts. Reaching a constructive compromise is extremely difficult (very often even the implementation phase creates additional hitches) as the parties involved pretend or believe that all of their demands for peace deal are rational and thus should be fulfilled. While one party may have expertise in negotiation process itself, the other may be unwittingly unprepared, and believing that honesty and fairness will result in impartial peace deal. This is, unfortunately, not always so. The aim of this paper, besides targeting these types of naïve perceptions, is to inspire others to be fully prepared prior entering negotiation process. The negotiation strategy, along with steps and tactics is the fundament of this research. History of negotiations teaches us that often the strong and more prepared side tends to win more than the weak and unprepared one in a negotiation process. Yet studying and exploring the approach to reach a constructive compromise is essential and conducive even if you happen to find yourself as the weaker party vis-à-vis a stronger opposing rival.The purpose of this study is to analyse the implications of negotiating strategies in the course of reaching the eventual constructive compromise. Throughout, this paper has endeavoured to answer numerous but distinct issues related to the topic and offer a balanced analysis on the arguments explored. The study also delves into some international conflicts (resolved and unresolved) examining them in light of potential constructive compromise. Finally the study ends up by concluding that constructive compromise strategy that focuses, above all, on creativity, analytical ability and rationality requires often, enormous time and efforts to reach desired result, but ends fully justify means.
Horizontal-Well Fracturing by Use of Coiled Tubing in the Belridge Diatomite: A Case History
Authors: Malhotra Sahil , Merrifield George T. , Collins Jye R. , Lynch Cynthia , Larue Dave , Madding Angela M. 
Published: August 2016

Summary
Coiled-tubing (CT) fracturing has been applied successfully in multistage vertical-well stimulation in the Belridge diatomite in the Lost Hills field. This same methodology was used to complete two northwest-trending horizontal wells drilled on the northeast flank of the Lost Hills anticlinal structure that targeted thinner, higher-oil-saturation strata separated by thicker lower-oil-saturation intervals. The target reservoir presents high-porosity, low-matrix-permeability, and low-Young's-modulus Opal A diatomite.
The perforations were jetted by pumping sand slurry down the CT, and the fracture job was pumped down the annulus. The stages were isolated by setting sand plugs. Nine and twelve stages were pumped in the two wells, respectively. The perforation locations for different stages were selected in areas with high resistivity and inferred high oil saturations, an absence of hydraulic fractures from nearby wells, excellent cement bonding, and low intensity of natural fractures. These assessments followed logging-while-drilling (LWD) with gamma ray, induction-resistivity and azimuthally focused resistivity (AFR) (image) logs, and a cased-hole ultrasonic image tool (USIT) run with the aid of a tractor. The hydraulic fractures were monitored by use of surface tiltmeter sensors. Oil- and water-soluble tracers were pumped to determine the relative production contribution from the stages and fracture-fluid cleanup, respectively, from the stages. All the jobs could be pumped successfully without any screenouts. Challenges were faced in setting sand plugs and isolating stages. Large fracture widths and low leakoff into the formation led to difficulty in forming sand bridges at the perforations and concentrating sand in the wellbore for the plugs. Surface tiltmeters showed excessive fracture-height growth. Tracer results showed that 20 to 30% of the stages contributed to 50 to 60% of the production. Stages with higher treating pressures contributed less toward production. This could be attributed to near-wellbore tortuosity in these stages. Proppant flowback was encountered in one well, and after an effective cleanup, the production rose.
The study illustrates how integration of various aspects, such as completion design, fracture-pressure analysis, and diagnostics, combined with geologic and reservoir information can help in identifying challenges and finding potential solutions for hydraulic fracturing. The findings highlight that the technology most suitable for vertical-well stimulation might not be favorable for horizontal-well stimulation.
Arabica Coffee–Macadamia Intercropping: A Suitable Macadamia Cultivar to Allow Mechanization Practices and Maximize Profitability
Authors: Perdoná Marcos J. , Soratto Rogério P. 
Published: August 2016

Intercropping Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) with trees species that generate an economic return, such as macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia Maiden & Betche), has been suggested as an alternative for diversifying and maximizing income. However, there is no information on how macadamia cultivars affect the performance of coffee plants, system mechanization, and profitability. An 8‐yr experiment was conducted in southeastern Brazil, to evaluate the growth, yield, and profitability of Arabica coffee intercropped with six macadamia cultivars (Hawaiian cultivars: HAES 344, HAES 660, and HAES 816; Brazilian cultivars: IAC 9‐20, IAC 4‐12B, and IAC 4‐20) or monocropped coffee (continuously cropped coffee monoculture) under drip irrigation and a mechanized system. Relative to the Brazilian cultivars, the smaller canopy diameters of the Hawaiian macadamia cultivars resulted in less competition with the intercropped coffee plants and required less pruning, enabling mechanized management of the crop. Annual pruning of the Brazilian cultivars resulted in lower kernel yields compared with the Hawaiian cultivar HAES 816, which exhibited the highest kernel yield. Regardless of the type of macadamia cultivar used, intercropping resulted in higher profits than monocropped coffee. We suggest that the Hawaiian cultivar HAES 816 is the most appropriate cultivar for irrigated intercropping with Arabica coffee and for maintaining the mechanization of cultural practices. This combination resulted in an economic benefit that was 178% greater than the benefits realized by monocropped coffee.Core Ideas

Coffee–macadamia intercropping resulted in higher profitability than monocropped coffee.
It should define which macadamia cultivar is suitable to intercrop with coffee.
Hawaiian macadamia cultivars resulted in less competition with intercropped coffee plants.
The cultivar HAES 816 was the most successful intercrop with coffee in a mechanized system.
A Prospective, Randomized Trial of Routine Duplex Ultrasound Surveillance on Arteriovenous Fistula Maturation
Authors: Han Ahram , Min Seung-Kee , Kim Mi-Sook , Joo Kwon Wook , Kim Jungsun , Ha Jongwon , Lee Joongyub , Min Sang-il 
Published: August 2016

Background and objectives
Use of arteriovenous fistulas, the most preferred type of access for hemodialysis, is limited by their high maturation failure rate. The aim of this study was to assess whether aggressive surveillance with routine duplex ultrasound and intervention can decrease the maturation failure rate of arteriovenous fistulas.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
We conducted a single–center, parallel–group, randomized, controlled trial of patients undergoing autogenous arteriovenous fistula. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to either the routine duplex or selective duplex group. In the routine duplex group, duplex ultrasound and physical examination were performed 2, 4, and 8 weeks postoperatively. In the selective duplex group, duplex examination was performed only when physical examination detected an abnormality. The primary end point was the maturation failure rate 8 weeks after fistula creation. Maturation failure was defined as the inability to achieve clinical maturation (i.e., a successful first use) and failure to achieve sonographic maturation (fistula flow >500 ml/min and diameter >6 mm) within 8 weeks.

Results
Between June 14, 2012, and June 25, 2014, 150 patients were enrolled (75 patients in each group), and 118 of those were included in the final analysis. The maturation failure rate was lower in the routine duplex group (8 of 59; 13.6%) than in the selective duplex group (15 of 59; 25.4%), but the difference was not statistically significant (odds ratio, 0.46; 95% confidence interval, 0.18 to 1.19; P=0.10). Factors associated with maturation failure were women (odds ratio, 3.84; 95% confidence interval, 1.05 to 14.06; P=0.04), coronary artery disease (odds ratio, 6.36; 95% confidence interval, 1.62 to 24.95; P<0.01), diabetes (odds ratio, 6.10; 95% confidence interval, 1.76 to 21.19; P<0.01), and the preoperative cephalic vein diameter (odds ratio, 0.30; 95% confidence interval, 0.13 to 0.71; P<0.01).

Conclusions
Postoperative routine duplex surveillance failed to prove superiority compared with selective duplex after physical examination for reducing arteriovenous fistula maturation failure. However, the wide 95% confidence interval for the effect of intervention precludes a firm conclusion that routine duplex surveillance was not beneficial.
PROMPT PLANETESIMAL FORMATION BEYOND THE SNOW LINE
Authors: Armitage Philip J. , Eisner Josh A. , Simon Jacob B. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
We develop a simple model to predict the radial distribution of planetesimal formation. The model is based on the observed growth of dust to millimeter-sized particles, which drift radially, pile-up, and form planetesimals where the stopping time and dust-to-gas ratio intersect the allowed region for streaming instability-induced gravitational collapse. Using an approximate analytic treatment, we first show that drifting particles define a track in metallicity–stopping time space whose only substantial dependence is on the disk’s angular momentum transport efficiency. Prompt planetesimal formation is feasible for high particle accretion rates (relative to the gas,

M

˙

p

/

M

˙

≳
3
×

10

−
2

for

α
=

10

−
2

), which could only be sustained for a limited period of time. If it is possible, it would lead to the deposition of a broad and massive belt of planetesimals with a sharp outer edge. Numerically including turbulent diffusion and vapor condensation processes, we find that a modest enhancement of solids near the snow line occurs for centimeter-sized particles, but that this is largely immaterial for planetesimal formation. We note that radial drift couples planetesimal formation across radii in the disk, and suggest that considerations of planetesimal formation favor a model in which the initial deposition of material for giant planet cores occurs well beyond the snow line.
FIRST RESULTS FROM THE MADCASH SURVEY: A FAINT DWARF GALAXY COMPANION TO THE LOW-MASS SPIRAL GALAXY NGC 2403 AT 3.2 MPC∗
Authors: Carlin Jeffrey L. , Sand David J. , Price Paul , Willman Beth , Karunakaran Ananthan , Spekkens Kristine , Bell Eric F. , Brodie Jean P. , Crnojević Denija , Forbes Duncan A. , Hargis Jonathan , Kirby Evan , Lupton Robert , Peter Annika H. G. , Romanowsky Aaron J. , Strader Jay 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
We report the discovery of the faintest known dwarf galaxy satellite of a Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) stellar-mass host beyond the Local Group (LG), based on deep imaging with Subaru/Hyper Suprime-Cam. Magellanic Analog Dwarf Companions And Stellar Halos (MADCASH) J074238+652501-dw lies ∼35 kpc in projection from NGC 2403, a dwarf spiral galaxy at D ≈ 3.2 Mpc. This new dwarf has

M

g

=
−
7.4
±
0.4

and a half-light radius of 168 ± 70 pc, at the calculated distance of 3.39 ± 0.41 Mpc. The color–magnitude diagram reveals no evidence of young stellar populations, suggesting that MADCASH J074238+652501-dw is an old, metal-poor dwarf similar to low-luminosity dwarfs in the LG. The lack of either detected HI gas (

M

HI

/

L

V

<
0.69

M

⊙

/

L

⊙

, based on Green Bank Telescope observations) or GALEX NUV/FUV flux enhancement is consistent with a lack of young stars. This is the first result from the MADCASH survey, which is conducting a census of the stellar substructure and faint satellites in the halos of Local Volume LMC analogs via resolved stellar populations. Models predict a total of ∼4–10 satellites at least as massive as MADCASH J074238+652501-dw around a host with the mass of NGC 2403, with 2–3 within our field of view, slightly more than the one such satellite observed in our footprint.
A HIGH STELLAR VELOCITY DISPERSION AND ∼100 GLOBULAR CLUSTERS FOR THE ULTRA-DIFFUSE GALAXY DRAGONFLY 44
Authors: Dokkum Pieter van , Abraham Roberto , Brodie Jean , Conroy Charlie , Danieli Shany , Merritt Allison , Mowla Lamiya , Romanowsky Aaron , Zhang Jielai 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
Recently a population of large, very low surface brightness, spheroidal galaxies was identified in the Coma cluster. The apparent survival of these ultra-diffuse galaxies (UDGs) in a rich cluster suggests that they have very high masses. Here, we present the stellar kinematics of Dragonfly 44, one of the largest Coma UDGs, using a 33.5 hr integration with DEIMOS on the Keck II telescope. We find a velocity dispersion of

σ
=

47

−
6

+
8

km

s

−
1

, which implies a dynamical mass of

M

dyn

(
<

r

1

/

2

)
=

0.7

−
0.2

+
0.3

×

10

10

M

⊙

within its deprojected half-light radius of

r

1

/

2

=
4.6
±
0.2

kpc

. The mass-to-light ratio is

M

/

L

I

(
<

r

1

/

2

)
=

48

−
14

+
21

M

⊙

/

L

⊙

, and the dark matter fraction is 98% within

r

1

/

2

. The high mass of Dragonfly 44 is accompanied by a large globular cluster population. From deep Gemini imaging taken in

0
.″
4

seeing we infer that Dragonfly 44 has

94

−
20

+
25

globular clusters, similar to the counts for other galaxies in this mass range. Our results add to other recent evidence that many UDGs are “failed” galaxies, with the sizes, dark matter content, and globular cluster systems of much more luminous objects. We estimate the total dark halo mass of Dragonfly 44 by comparing the amount of dark matter within

r
=
4.6

kpc

to enclosed mass profiles of NFW halos. The enclosed mass suggests a total mass of

∼

10

12

M

⊙

, similar to the mass of the Milky Way. The existence of nearly dark objects with this mass is unexpected, as galaxy formation is thought to be maximally efficient in this regime.
Motivations and Expectations of Undergraduate Nursing Students Undertaking International Clinical Placements
Authors: Gower Shelley , Duggan Ravani , Dantas Jaya A.R. , Boldy Duncan 
Published: August 2016

Background:
International clinical placements are common in preregistration nursing programs in Australian universities to enhance awareness of cultural needs and global health issues. Yet, little is known about the motivations and expectations of nursing students who choose to participate.

Method:
Using a qualitative exploratory design, individual semistructured interviews were undertaken with 52 preregistration final-year nursing students from four Western Australian universities 2 weeks prior to departure to the developing countries of Tanzania, Thailand, the Philippines, Cambodia, and India. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results:
The interviews revealed that students were motivated by cultural inquisitiveness and a desire to help. They expected to gain cultural learning, to be challenged, to be fulfilled, to experience professional growth, and to feel gratitude. Developing an understanding of culture was a crucial outcome.

Conclusion:

By understanding the impetus and personal motivations of students, educators can guide students toward a more transformative experience whereby a more multicultural perspective on health care can be developed. [
J Nurs Educ.
2016;55(9):487–494.]
Nursing Student Perceptions Regarding Simulation Experience Sequencing
Authors: Woda Aimee A. , Gruenke Theresa , Alt-Gehrman Penny , Hansen Jamie 
Published: August 2016

Background:
The use of simulated learning experiences (SLEs) have increased within nursing curricula with positive learning outcomes for nursing students. The purpose of this study is to explore nursing students' perceptions of their clinical decision making (CDM) related to the block sequencing of different patient care experiences, SLEs versus hospital-based learning experiences (HLEs).

Method:
A qualitative descriptive design used open-ended survey questions to generate information about the block sequencing of SLEs and its impact on nursing students' perceived CDM.

Results:
Three themes emerged from the data: Preexperience Anxiety, Real-Time Decision Making, and Increased Patient Care Experiences.

Conclusion:

Nursing students identified that having SLEs prior to HLEs provided several benefits. Even when students preferred SLEs prior to HLEs, the sequence did not impact their CDM. This suggests that alternating block sequencing can be used without impacting the students' perceptions of their ability to make decisions. [
J Nurs Educ
. 2016;55(9):528–532.]
The e-Poster Conference: An Online Nursing Research Course Learning Activity
Authors: Pierce Linda L. 
Published: August 2016

Background:
Posters have become one of the most important types of scientific communication. This article describes an e-poster conference as an online learning activity for professional nursing students.

Method:
Research and evidence-based practice (EBP) project posters from colleagues across the country were placed on a university research course Web site, along with an evaluation tool and discussion prompts. During one semester, students experienced a range of activities focused on understanding research and EBP basic processes in preparation for evaluation and discussion of the layout and content of these e-posters.

Results:
From all accounts, the conference was rated as positive, providing nursing students with opportunities to (a) view studies and projects from a wider nursing science audience, (b) foster the development of important evaluation and communication skills, and (c) be exposed to evidence that could be translated into their practice.

Conclusion:

Other schools and organizations may adopt this e-poster conference activity to stimulate professional nurses' critical thinking ability. [
J Nurs Educ
. 2016;55(9):533–535.]
Second Life
®
Virtual Learning in Public Health Nursing
Authors: Schaffer Marjorie A. , Tiffany Jone M. , Kantack Kelly , Anderson Linda J.W. 
Published: August 2016

Background:
With limited available public health nursing clinical placements, nurse educators are challenged to create alternative learning experiences that engage students.

Method:
Nursing faculty developed three Second Life® virtual learning scenarios in family health, disaster preparedness, and home safety areas of interest as a supplement to clinical experiences for undergraduate senior nursing students in a public health nursing course. Student perceptions of their learning were evaluated by a survey and focus group.

Results:
Although students perceived learning public health nursing knowledge, they were less likely to agree that the experience was as effective for learning about public health nursing when compared with on-site clinical experiences.

Conclusion:

The use of Second Life is an effective learning platform for teaching undergraduate nursing students public health nursing when clinical experiences are difficult to obtain. Nursing faculty need to ensure technological challenges are addressed and that scenarios are realistic, and engage students through interactive collaboration. [
J Nurs Educ
. 2016;55(9):536–540.]
IgG Binding Characteristics of Rhesus Macaque FcγR
Authors: Chan Ying N. , Boesch Austin W. , Osei-Owusu Nana Y. , Emileh Ali , Crowley Andrew R. , Cocklin Sarah L. , Finstad Samantha L. , Linde Caitlyn H. , Howell Rebecca A. , Zentner Isaac , Cocklin Simon , Miles Adam R. , Eckman Joshua W. , Alter Galit , Schmitz Joern E. , Ackerman Margaret E. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Indian rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) are routinely used in preclinical studies to evaluate therapeutic Abs and candidate vaccines. The efficacy of these interventions in many cases is known to rely heavily on the ability of Abs to interact with a set of Ab FcγR expressed on innate immune cells. Yet, despite their presumed functional importance, M. mulatta Ab receptors are largely uncharacterized, posing a fundamental limit to ensuring accurate interpretation and translation of results from studies in this model. In this article, we describe the binding characteristics of the most prevalent allotypic variants of M. mulatta FcγR for binding to both human and M. mulatta IgG of varying subclasses. The resulting determination of the affinity, specificity, and glycan sensitivity of these receptors promises to be useful in designing and evaluating studies of candidate vaccines and therapeutic Abs in this key animal model and exposes significant evolutionary divergence between humans and macaques.