bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sonographic Features and Diagnosis of Peripheral Schwannomas
Authors: Yang Fan , Chen Xian‐Xiang , Wu Huo‐Lin , Zhu Ji‐Fa , Chen Yuan , Yu Ling‐Fang , Huang Xiao‐Juan 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundTo determine the sonographic features of peripheral schwannomas.MethodsThis retrospective study included 54 cases of schwannoma in 51 patients. Ultrasonography (US) and MRI were performed in all patients. The US features of each tumor were analyzed and compared with pathologic findings. The US target sign was compared with the MRI findings.ResultsOn US, 53 of the 54 schwannomas had a regular shape and clear margins, and one had an irregular shape. Thirty‐seven of the 54 schwannomas were categorized as solid, 16 as cystic and solid, and one as entirely cystic; distal sound enhancement was associated with 47 schwannomas. The target sign was seen in 24, the rat tail sign in 28, the vessel accompanying sign in 22, and the split fat sign in 5. The entering and exiting nerves were situated centrally in 9 and eccentrically in 19 schwannomas. Vascularity on color Doppler imaging using a 0 to III scale was graded 0 in 4 schwannomas, I in 10, II in 26, and III in 14. Twenty‐four target signs were detected in 54 schwannomas by US, and 28 were detected by MRI. There was good agreement between the target signs noted on US and those seen on MRI (κ = 0.631, p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe sonographic diagnosis of peripheral schwannomas is feasible and reliable. The target sign is a prominent US feature in peripheral schwannomas, comparable to that observed with MRI. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 45:127–133, 2017
Humanized chondroitinase ABC sensitizes glioblastoma cells to temozolomide
Authors: Jaime‐Ramirez Alena Cristina , Dmitrieva Nina , Yoo Ji Young , Banasavadi‐Siddegowda Yeshavanth , Zhang Jianying , Relation Theresa , Bolyard Chelsea , Wojton Jeffrey , Kaur Balveen 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundMalignant gliomas (glioblastomas; GBMs) are extremely aggressive and have a median survival of approximately 15 months. Current treatment modalities, which include surgical resection, radiation and chemotherapy, have done little to prolong the lives of GBM patients. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPG) are critical for cell–cell and cell–extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions and are implicated in glioma growth and invasion. Chondroitinase (Chase) ABC is a bacterial enzyme that cleaves chondroitin sulfate disaccharide chains from CSPGs in the tumor ECM. Wild‐type Chase ABC has limited stability and/or activity in mammalian cells; therefore, we created a mutant humanized version (Chase M) with enhanced function in mammalian cells.MethodsWe hypothesized that disruption of cell–cell and cell–ECM interactions by ChaseM and temozolomide (TMZ) will enhance the chemotherapeutic availability and sensitivity of glioma cells.ResultsUtilizing primary patient‐derived neurospheres, we found that ChaseM decreases glioma neurosphere aggregation in vitro. Furthermore, an oncolytic HSV‐1 virus expressing secreted ChaseM (OV‐ChaseM) enhanced viral spread and glioma cell killing compared to OV‐Control, in vitro. OV‐ChaseM plus TMZ combinatorial treatment resulted in a significant synergistic enhancement of glioma cell killing accompanied by an increase in apoptotic cell death. Intracellular flow cytometric analysis revealed a significant reduction in the phosphorylation of the pro‐survival AKT protein following OV‐ChaseM plus TMZ treatment. Lastly, in nude mice bearing intracranial GBM30 glioma xenografts, intratumoral OV‐ChaseM plus TMZ (10 mg/kg by oral gavage) combination therapy resulted in a significant (p < 0.02) enhancement of survival compared to each individual treatment alone.ConclusionsThese data reveal that OV‐ChaseM enhances glioma cell viral susceptibility and sensitivity to TMZ.
Quantification of brown and white adipose tissue based on Gaussian mixture model using water–fat and MRI in adolescents
Authors: Hui Steve C.N. , Ko Jacky K.L. , Zhang Teng , Shi Lin , Yeung David K.W. , Wang Defeng , Chan Queenie , Chu Winnie C.W. 
Published: January 2017

PurposeTo develop a technique for the separation and quantification of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and white adipose tissue (WAT) using fat fraction and
intensity based on the Gaussian mixture model (GMM).Materials and MethodsChemical‐shift water–fat and
images were acquired at the neck, supraclavicular, interscapular, and paravertebral regions in 24 volunteers (Obese: n = 12, female/male = 6/6, body mass index [BMI] = 31.3 ± 2.3 kg/m2, age = 16.1 ± 0.6; Normal weight: n = 12, female/male = 6/6, BMI = 21.2 ± 2.4 kg/m2, age = 12.9 ± 2.4) using a 3T scanner with the chemical‐shift water–fat mDixon sequence. BAT and WAT were clustered based on the Gaussian mixture model using the expectation–maximization algorithm. Results and reproducibility were compared and assessed using independent t‐tests and intraclass correlation coefficient.ResultsBAT in obese participants was predominately found at the supraclavicular region and in normal‐weight participants it was more scattered and distributed in interscapular–supraclavicular, axillary, and spine regions. Absolute volume of BAT was higher in the obese group (Obese: 315.2 mL [±89.1], Normal weight: 248.5 mL [±86.4]), but BAT/WAT ratios were significantly higher (P = 0.029) in the normal group.
of BAT (P = 0.04) and volume of WAT (P < 0.001) were significantly lower in the normals. Within‐group comparison between male and female indicated no significant differences were found in volume (P = 0.776 (normal), 0.501 [obese]),
(P = 0.908 [normal], 0.249 [obese]) and fat‐fraction of BAT (P = 0.985 [normal], 0.108 [obese]). The intraclass correlation coefficient showed a good reproducibility in volume (BAT: 0.997, WAT: 0.948),
(BAT: 0.969, WAT: 0.983), and fat‐fraction (BAT: 0.952, WAT: 0.517).ConclusionBAT identified by this method was in agreement with other studies in terms of location, fat‐fraction value, and
intensity. The proposed GMM‐based segmentation could be a useful nonradiation imaging method for assessment of adipose tissue, in particular for serial follow‐up of volume changes after drug or lifestyle interventions for obesity.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 1J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2017;46:758–768
Measurement of arterial transit time and renal blood flow using pseudocontinuous ASL MRI with multiple post‐labeling delays: Feasibility, reproducibility, and variation
Authors: Kim Dong Won , Shim Woo Hyun , Yoon Seong Kuk , Oh Jong Yeong , Kim Jeong Kon , Jung Hoesu , Matsuda Tsuyoshi , Kim Dongeun 
Published: January 2017

PurposeTo evaluate the feasibility, reproducibility, and variation of renal perfusion and arterial transit time (ATT) using pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging (PCASL MRI) in healthy volunteers.Materials and MethodsPCASL MRI at 3T was performed in 25 healthy volunteers on two different occasions. The ATT and ATT‐corrected renal blood flow (ATT‐cRBF) were calculated at four different post‐labeling delay points (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 s) and evaluated for each kidney and subject. The intraclass correlation (ICC) and Bland–Altman plot were used to assess the reproducibility of the PCASL MRI technique. The within‐subject coefficient of variance was determined.ResultsResults were obtained for 46 kidneys of 23 subjects with a mean age of 38.6 ± 9.8 years and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 89.1 ± 21.2 ml/min/1.73 m2. Two subjects failed in the ASL MRI examination. The mean cortical and medullary ATT‐cRBF for the subjects were 215 ± 65 and 81 ± 21 ml/min/100 g, respectively, and the mean cortical and medullary ATT were 1141 ± 262 and 1123 ± 245 msec, correspondingly. The ICC for the cortical ATT‐cRBF was 0.927 and the within‐subject coefficient of variance was 14.4%. The ICCs for the medullary ATT‐cRBF and the cortical and medullary ATT were poor. The Bland–Altman plot for cortical RBF showed good agreement between the two measurements.ConclusionPCASL MRI is a feasible and reproducible method for measuring renal cortical perfusion. In contrast, ATT for the renal cortex and medulla has poor reproducibility and high variation.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2017;46:813–819
Realization of controllable photonic molecule based on three ultrahigh‐Q microtoroid cavities
Authors: Yang Chao , Jiang Xiaoshun , Hua Qian , Hua Shiyue , Chen Yuan , Ma Jiyang , Xiao Min 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThree‐cavity photonic molecules have been realized in several platforms, but their structures and configurations are mostly fixed with limited tunability in the coupling strengths and individual resonant frequencies. Here, we demonstrate an experimental realization of a coupled triple‐cavity photonic molecule (TCPM) composed of three independently‐selectable ultrahigh quality microtoroids. By precisely tuning the inter‐cavity coupling strengths (via distances) and the resonant frequencies (via fine temperature control), as well as coupling the tapered optical fiber onto either the side or middle cavity, evolutions of the TCPM's supermodes are fully mapped and analyzed. Interesting phenomena, such as dark state and double anti‐crossing, emerge in this TCPM system. When the quality factors of the cavities are properly chosen, transition from double electromagnetically‐induced transparency to double electromagnetically‐induced absorption phenomena happens. Such fully‐controlled TCPM system sets a stage for future investigations of new physical effects including cavity‐QED with multiple coupled cavities and topologically protected photonic states.
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A combined analytical‐experimental investigation of friction in cylinder liner inserts under mixed and boundary regimes of lubrication
Authors: Gore M. , Morris N. , Rahmani R. , Rahnejat H. , King P. D. , Howell‐Smith S. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIt is necessary to develop an analytical solution in order to combine predictions with measured tribological parameters and fundamentally understand the mechanism of lubrication in a typical region of engine cycle, using tribometric studies. This paper deals with the development of such a representative approach. An analytical, rather than a numerical approach is expounded, as it is shown to suffice for the purpose of precise time‐efficient predictions, which conform well to the measurements. The effect of surface topography, material and operating conditions are ascertained for the representative case of top compression ring—cylinder liner contact at the top dead centre reversal in transition from the compression to power stroke. Stainless steel uncoated surface used as press fit cylinder liners for niche original equipment manufacturer applications are compared with those furnished with a Nickel‐Silicon Carbide wear‐resistant coating of choice in high performance motorsport. © 2017 The Authors Lubrication Science Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Clinical dose effect and functional consequences of R92Q in two families presenting with a TRAPS/PFAPA‐like phenotype
Authors: Grandemange Sylvie , Cabasson Sébastien , Sarrabay Guillaume , Pène Jérôme , Rittore Cécile , Sanchez Elodie , Chastang Marie‐Caroline , Guyon Gaël , Pillet Pascal , Touitou Isabelle 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundTNF receptor‐associated syndrome (TRAPS) is a dominantly inherited autoinflammatory condition caused by mutations in the TNFRSF1A gene. The mechanism underlying the variable expressivity of the common variant R92Q (rs4149584; c.362G>A; p.Arg121Gln) is unclear and is of critical importance for patient care and genetic counseling. This study evaluated the impact of the number of R92Q mutations in two unique unrelated families.MethodsTwo patients with undefined but clear autoinflammatory symptoms were referred for genetic diagnosis. Blood samples were collected from the available family members to screen autoinflammatory genes and assess key steps of the TNFR1‐mediated signaling pathway using flow cytometry and ex vivo culture.ResultsR92Q homozygosity was demonstrated for the two probands. In family 1, the segregation analysis revealed TRAPS‐like symptoms in all carriers, with a more severe presentation in the proband, whereas in family 2, the heterozygous parents were totally asymptomatic, suggesting recessive transmission. Functional studies revealed a nonclassical pathogenesis of TRAPS in the two probands and suggested a compensatory mechanism without clear dose effect.ConclusionWe observed for the first time a possible clinical dose effect of R92Q. This work highlights the importance of familial studies to reconcile the contradictory reports published on the pathogenicity of this variant.
Defining genetic and chemical diversity in wheat grain by 1H‐NMR spectroscopy of polar metabolites
Authors: Shewry Peter R. , Corol Delia I. , Jones Huw D. , Beale Michael H. , Ward Jane L. 
Published: January 2017

ScopeThe application of high‐throughput 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR) of unpurified extracts to determine genetic diversity and the contents of polar components in grain of wheat.Methods and resultsMilled whole wheat grain was extracted with 80:20 D2O:CD3OD containing 0.05% d4–trimethylsilylpropionate. 1H‐NMR spectra were acquired under automation at 300°K using an Avance Spectrometer operating at 600.0528 MHz. Regions for individual metabolites were identified by comparison to a library of known standards run under identical conditions. The individual 1H‐NMR peaks or levels of known metabolites were then compared by Principal Component Analysis using SIMCA‐P software.ConclusionsHigh‐throughput 1H‐NMR is an excellent tool to compare the extent of genetic diversity within and between wheat species, and to quantify specific components (including glycine betaine, choline, and asparagine) in individual genotypes. It can also be used to monitor changes in composition related to environmental factors and to support comparisons of the substantial equivalence of transgenic lines.
Magnetic field effects on particle beams and their implications for dose calculation in MR‐guided particle therapy
Authors: Fuchs Hermann , Moser Philipp , Gröschl Martin , Georg Dietmar 
Published: January 2017

PurposeTo investigate and model effects of magnetic fields on proton and carbon ion beams for dose calculation.MethodsIn a first step, Monte Carlo simulations using Gate 7.1/Geant4.10.0.p03 were performed for proton and carbon ion beams in magnetic fields ranging from 0 to 3 T. Initial particle energies ranged from 60 to 250 MeV (protons) and 120 to 400 MeV/u (carbon ions), respectively. The resulting dose distributions were analyzed focusing on beam deflection, dose deformation, as well as the impact of material heterogeneities. In a second step, a numerical algorithm was developed to calculate the lateral beam position. Using the Runge–Kutta method, an iterative solution of the relativistic Lorentz equation, corrected for the changing particle energy during penetration, was performed. For comparison, a γ‐index analysis was utilized, using a criteria of 2%/2 mm of the local maximum.ResultsA tilt in the dose distribution within the Bragg peak area was observed, leading to non‐negligible dose distribution changes. The magnitude was found to depend on the magnetic field strength as well as on the initial beam energy. Comparison of the 3 T dose distribution with non‐B field (nominal) dose distributions, resulted in a γmean (mean value of the γ distribution) of 0.6, with 14.4% of the values above 1 and γ1% (1% of all points have an equal or higher γ value) of 1.8. The presented numerical algorithm calculated the lateral beam offset with maximum errors of less than 2% with calculation times of less than 5 μs. The impact of tissue interfaces on the proton dose distributions was found to be less than 2% for a dose voxel size of 1 × 1 × 1 mm3.ConclusionNon‐negligible dose deformations at the Bragg peak area were identified for high initial energies and strong magnetic fields. A fast numerical algorithm based on the solution of the energy‐corrected relativistic Lorentz equation was able to describe the beam path, taking into account the particle energy, magnetic field, and material.
Undercut and overhang angle control in topology optimization: A density gradient based integral approach
Authors: Qian Xiaoping 
Published: January 2017

SummaryWe present an approach for controlling the undercut and the minimal overhang angle in density based topology optimization, which are useful for reducing support structures in additive manufacturing. We cast both the undercut control and the minimal overhang angle control that are inherently constraints on the boundary shape into a domain integral of Heaviside projected density gradient. Such a Heaviside projection based integral of density gradient leads to a single constraint for controlling the undercut or controlling the overhang angle in the optimization. It effectively corresponds to a constraint on the projected perimeter that has undercut or has slope smaller than the prescribed overhang angle. In order to prevent trivial solutions of intermediate density to satisfy the density gradient constraints, a constraint on density grayness is also incorporated into the formulations. Numerical results on Messerschmitt–Bolkow–Blohm beams, cantilever beams, and 2D and 3D heat conduction problems demonstrate the proposed formulations are effective in controlling the undercut and the minimal overhang angle in the optimized designs. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A fast and robust hybrid method for block‐structured mesh deformation with emphasis on FSI‐LES applications
Authors: Sen Shuvam , De Nayer Guillaume , Breuer Michael 
Published: January 2017

SummaryThe present work introduces an efficient technique for the deformation of block‐structured grids occurring in simulations of fluid–structure interaction (FSI) problems relying on large‐eddy simulation (LES). The proposed hybrid approach combines the advantages of the inverse distance weighting (IDW) interpolation with the simplicity and low computational effort of transfinite interpolation (TFI), while preserving the mesh quality in boundary layers. It is an improvement over the state‐of‐the‐art currently in use. To reach this objective, in a first step, three elementary mesh deformation methods (TFI, IDW, and radial basis functions) are investigated based on several test cases of different complexities analyzing not only their capabilities but also their computational costs. That not only allows to point out the advantages of each method but also demonstrates their drawbacks. Based on these specific properties of the different methods, a hybrid methodology is suggested that splits the entire grid deformation into two steps: first, the movement of the block‐boundaries of the block‐structured grid and second, the deformation of each block of the grid. Both steps rely on different methodologies, which allows to work out the most appropriate method for each step leading to a reasonable compromise between the grid quality achieved and the computational effort required. Finally, a hybrid IDW‐TFI methodology is suggested that best fits to the specific requirements of coupled FSI‐LES applications. This hybrid procedure is then applied to a real‐life FSI‐LES case. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Overset meshing coupled with hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin finite elements
Authors: Kauffman Justin A. , Sheldon Jason P. , Miller Scott T. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryWe introduce the use of hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin (HDG) finite element methods on overlapping (overset) meshes. Overset mesh methods are advantageous for solving problems on complex geometrical domains. We combine geometric flexibility of overset methods with the advantages of HDG methods: arbitrarily high‐order accuracy, reduced size of the global discrete problem, and the ability to solve elliptic, parabolic, and/or hyperbolic problems with a unified form of discretization. Our approach to developing the ‘overset HDG’ method is to couple the global solution from one mesh to the local solution on the overset mesh. We present numerical examples for steady convection–diffusion and static elasticity problems. The examples demonstrate optimal order convergence in all primal fields for an arbitrary amount of overlap of the underlying meshes. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Impact of Health Insurance on Preventive Care and Health Behaviors: Evidence from the First Two Years of the ACA Medicaid Expansions
Authors: Simon Kosali , Soni Aparna , Cawley John 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe U.S. population receives suboptimal levels of preventive care and has a high prevalence of risky health behaviors. One goal of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) was to increase preventive care and improve health behaviors by expanding access to health insurance. This paper estimates how the ACA‐facilitated state‐level expansions of Medicaid in 2014 affected these outcomes. Using data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, and a difference‐in‐differences model that compares states that did and did not expand Medicaid, we examine the impact of the expansions on preventive care (e.g., dental visits, immunizations, mammograms, cancer screenings), risky health behaviors (e.g., smoking, heavy drinking, lack of exercise, obesity), and self‐assessed health. We find that the expansions increased insurance coverage and access to care among the targeted population of low‐income childless adults. The expansions also increased use of certain forms of preventive care, but there is no evidence that they increased ex ante moral hazard (i.e., there is no evidence that risky health behaviors increased in response to health insurance coverage). The Medicaid expansions also modestly improved self‐assessed health.
How scaling of the disturbance set affects robust positively invariant sets for linear systems
Authors: Schulze Darup Moritz , Schaich Rainer , Cannon Mark 
Published: January 2017

SummaryThis paper presents new results on robust positively invariant (RPI) sets for linear discrete‐time systems with additive disturbances. In particular, we study how RPI sets change with scaling of the disturbance set. More precisely, we show that many properties of RPI sets crucially depend on a unique scaling factor, which determines the transition from nonempty to empty RPI sets. We characterize this critical scaling factor, present an efficient algorithm for its computation, and analyze it for a number of examples from the literature. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A consensus approach to PI gains tuning for quality‐fair video delivery
Authors: Dal Col Laura , Tarbouriech Sophie , Zaccarian Luca , Kieffer Michel 
Published: January 2017

SummaryIn this paper, we provide necessary and sufficient conditifor the quality‐fair delivery of multimedia contents to mobile users. We control the encoding rates and the transmission rates of the video streams, delivered through a limited capacity channel. This problem is cast into a problem of consensus among identical discrete‐time linear systems, connected through a network with fixed and fully connected topology. The information exchanged over the communication network is the measure of the quality of the encoded videos. Based on a consensus result for identical linear systems, we reduce the problem of designing the proportional and integral gains of the encoding rate and transmission rate controllers to a linear static output feedback. We propose an iterative design technique based on linear matrix inequalities to solve the corresponding nonconvex problem, thereby providing a constructive optimality‐based approach to the proportional and integral gains tuning problem. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method in simulations, where we compare it with pre‐existing approaches. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.