bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the benefits of universal plasma and cryoprecipitate in hospitals in England
Authors: Robbins Melanie , Edwards Rhian , Hunter Alastair , Green Laura , Edmondson Dave , Bailey Andrew , Fowler Chris , Cardigan Rebecca 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundGroup AB plasma does not contain anti‐A or anti‐B antibodies and is therefore considered universal but is in limited supply (4% of the population). There is currently no licensed universal plasma available, and therefore current clinical guidelines for transfusion require the donor and recipient to be blood group compatible. We sought to understand the benefits of universal plasma to hospitals in England, to inform R&D priorities going forward.Study Design and MethodsTo understand the benefits of universal plasma (cryoprecipitate included), we distributed two surveys to hospitals (267 in total) in England.ResultsSafety was the perceived top benefit of universal plasma (95%), with cost identified as the main barrier to adoption (82%), although the majority of respondents were willing to pay more for universal components. Ninety‐five respondents felt they would replace all or part of their stock holding with universal plasma, with 91% anticipating that their overall stock holding of plasma would reduce as well as there will be a reduction in their plasma wastage (by up to 25%). Hospitals (56%) thought that the availability of universal plasma would support more rapid provision of plasma for transfusion, particularly in emergency situations, with the emergency/trauma department deemed to be the area that would see the greatest benefit from these universal blood components.DiscussionThe response to both the potential clinical and operational benefits of a universal plasma and cryoprecipitate was positive.
Radiographic, computed tomographic, and histologic characteristics of bone for clinically normal laying hens in a free‐range housing system
Authors: Jones Jeryl , Ali Ahmed , Harrison Cerano , Rimoldi Guillermo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLaying hens are increasingly being kept in backyard flocks and considered family pets; however, diagnostic imaging characteristics of bone for clinically normal backyard hens are currently limited. This prospective, descriptive study was to describe radiographic, computed tomographic, and histologic characteristics of bone for a group of clinically normal laying hens housed in conditions comparable to those of backyard flocks. Sixteen 60‐week‐old Lohmann Brown laying hens were included. Hens were housed in a free‐range unit with outdoor access at a university research and teaching farm. Hens were defined as clinically normal by the farm manager and a veterinary researcher in laying hen behavior and welfare. Findings from the horizontal beam, left lateral, sternal radiographs (n = 16), postmortem, and whole‐body CT scans (n = 4) were recorded by a veterinary radiologist and a research technician. Histologic findings for sternal, femoral, and tibiotarsal bone samples (n = 5) were recorded by a veterinary pathologist. The most frequent radiographic findings for the sternal carina (keel bone) were smoothly marginated concave deviations of the ventral margin and caudal section fractures. Multiple punctate mineral opacities (PMOs) were present in radiographs and CT images for all hens and were involved in the sternal carina and multiple other bones in the axial and appendicular skeleton. No bone abnormalities were identified in any histologic sections where PMOs were radiographically detected. Authors propose that PMOs are normal radiographic and CT findings in the bones of mature, laying hens and may represent temporary calcium reservoirs formed during osteoclastic activities.
Validation of the Numerical Simulation of Rotor/Stator Interactions in Aircraft Engine Low-Pressure Compressors
Authors: Favretti Isabelle , Roux Louis , Batailly Alain 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This contribution focuses on the validation of a numerical strategy developed jointly by Safran and Polytechnique Montréal for the simulation and the analysis of blade-tip/casing contact interactions in low-pressure compressor stages. A large experimental campaign provided data (including strain measurements on the blade and abradable coating wear profiles) for several contact configurations involving four distinct blades and one type of abradable coating. The numerical strategy is here improved by introducing a new cutoff criterion to ensure the physical relevance of the presented results, specifically by keeping the maximum stress within the blade below the material's yield stress. Similarly to previous publications involving a single contact configuration, the numerical model is first calibrated for one of the four blades of interest. It is seen that the results using the numerical model—critical speed, relative wear depth between leading edge (LE) and trailing edge (TE), and maximum stress levels within the blade—are in good agreement with the experimental observations. Using the same calibration, numerical simulations are then blindly run for the three other blades. The results demonstrate that numerically predicted key quantities align well with experimental data. Additionally, the numerical model provides an accurate relative assessment of a blade's sensitivity to contact in agreement with experimental observations. This paper thus presents the first blind validation of a numerical strategy dedicated to blade-tip/casing contact interactions. Simultaneously, it also demonstrates that this model may be considered for the early discrimination of blade profiles depending on their sensitivity to contact.
Myxococcus xanthus
fruiting body morphology is important for spore recovery after exposure to environmental stress
Authors: Lall Dave , Glaser Maike M. , Higgs Penelope I. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Environmental microorganisms have evolved a variety of strategies to survive fluctuations in environmental conditions, including the production of biofilms and differentiation into spores.
Myxococcus xanthus
are ubiquitous soil bacteria that produce starvation-induced multicellular fruiting bodies filled with environmentally resistant spores (a specialized biofilm). Isolated spores have been shown to be more resistant than vegetative cells to heat, ultraviolet radiation, and desiccation. The evolutionary advantage of producing spores inside fruiting bodies is not clear. Here, we examine a hypothesis that the fruiting body provides additional protection from environmental insults. We developed a high-throughput method to compare the recovery (outgrowth) of distinct cell types (vegetative cells, free spores, and spores within intact fruiting bodies) after exposure to ultraviolet radiation or desiccation. Our data indicate that haystack-shaped fruiting bodies protect spores from extended UV radiation but do not provide additional protection from desiccation. Perturbation of fruiting body morphology strongly impedes recovery from both UV exposure and desiccation. These results hint that the distinctive fruiting bodies produced by different myxobacterial species may have evolved to optimize their persistence in distinct ecological niches.

IMPORTANCE

Environmental microorganisms play an important role in the production of greenhouse gases that contribute to changing climate conditions. It is imperative to understand how changing climate conditions feedback to influence environmental microbial communities. The myxobacteria are environmentally ubiquitous social bacteria that influence the local microbial community composition. Defining how these bacteria are affected by environmental insults is a necessary component of predicting climatic feedback effects. When starved, myxobacteria produce multicellular fruiting bodies filled with spores. As spores are resistant to a variety of environmental insults, the evolutionary advantage of building a fruiting body is not clear. Using the model myxobacterium,
Myxococcus xanthus
, we demonstrate that the tall, haystack-shaped fruiting body morphology enables significantly more resistance to UV exposure than the free spores. In contrast, fruiting bodies are slightly detrimental to recovery from extended desiccation, an effect that is strongly exaggerated if fruiting body morphology is perturbed. These results suggest that the variety of fruiting body morphologies observed in the myxobacteria may dictate their relative resistance to changing climate conditions.
Adaptive traits of
Nitrosocosmicus
clade ammonia-oxidizing archaea
Authors: Han Saem , Kim Seongwook , Sedlacek Christopher J. , Farooq Adeel , Song Chihong , Lee Sujin , Liu Shurong , Brüggemann Nicolas , Rohe Lena , Kwon Miye , Rhee Sung-Keun , Jung Man-Young 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Nitrification is a core process in the global nitrogen (N) cycle mediated by ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms, including ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) as a key player. Although much is known about AOA abundance and diversity across environments, the genetic drivers of the ecophysiological adaptations of the AOA are often less clearly defined. This is especially true for AOA within the genus
Nitrosocosmicus
, which have several unique physiological traits (e.g., high substrate tolerance, low substrate affinity, and large cell size). To better understand what separates the physiology of
Nitrosocosmicus
AOA, we performed comparative genomics with genomes from 39 cultured AOA, including five
Nitrosocosmicus
AOA. The absence of a canonical high-affinity type ammonium transporter and typical S-layer structural genes was found to be conserved across all
Nitrosocosmicus
AOA. In agreement, cryo-electron tomography confirmed the absence of a visible outermost S-layer structure, which has been observed in other AOA. In contrast to other AOA, the cryo-electron tomography highlighted the possibility that
Nitrosocosmicus
AOA may possess a glycoprotein or glycolipid-based glycocalyx cell covering outer layer. Together, the genomic, physiological, and metabolic properties revealed in this study provide insight into niche adaptation mechanisms and the overall ecophysiology of members of the
Nitrosocosmicus
clade in various terrestrial ecosystems.

IMPORTANCE

Nitrification is a vital process within the global biogeochemical nitrogen cycle but plays a significant role in the eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems and the production of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N
2
O) from industrial agriculture ecosystems. While various types of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms play a critical role in the N cycle, ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) are often the most abundant nitrifiers in natural environments. Members of the genus
Nitrosocosmicus
are one of the prevalent AOA groups detected in undisturbed terrestrial ecosystems and have previously been reported to possess a range of physiological characteristics that set their physiology apart from other AOA species. This study provides significant progress in understanding these unique physiological traits and their genetic drivers. Our results highlight how physiological studies based on comparative genomics-driven hypotheses can contribute to understanding the unique niche of
Nitrosocosmicus
AOA
An RSC-Based Genetic Algorithm for Fixed-Outline Soft Module Floorplanning
Authors: Yang Runping , Du Shimin 
Published: October 2024

Floorplanning is a pivotal step in the early stages of integrated circuit physical design. In modern design, the outline of the chip is typically determined before floorplanning and each module must be placed within the specified fixed outline. However, when dealing with soft modules, the task becomes even more complex and challenging as it requires simultaneous determination of both position and shape. This paper proposes a genetic algorithm based on random subtree crossover to address the floorplanning problem of soft modules under fixed-outline constraints. First, a slicing tree is employed to represent the floorplan solution due to its advantage in handling the flexibility of soft modules. A three-step random subtree crossover (RSC) is proposed to generate feasible descendants specifically for slicing tree representation. Second, we adopt three types of perturbations as mutation operators and determine the probability of selecting a mutation operator on account of its empirical performance to improve the effectiveness of mutation. Then, to enhance the genetic algorithm’s rate of convergence, a step named insert after deletion (IAD) is incorporated into the evolutionary process to eliminate operator nodes with large dead spaces. Finally, the algorithm is verified by employing two standard circuits, MCNC and GSRC. The test consequences show that the proposed algorithm realized a 100% success rate across various aspect ratios while surpassing previous works in terms of wire length performance.
Rare Case of a Combined Cholecystocolonic and Cholecystoduodenal Fistula Presenting With Pneumobilia
Authors: Bohanon Fredrick J. , Mao Rui-Min D. , Williams Taylor P. , Bourgeois Danny P. , Field Samuel B. , Radhakrishnan Ravi S. , Sanfiel Francisco J. 
Published: October 2024

Background: Cholecystoenteric fistulae are rare complications of gallstone disease, with a reported incidence of 0.5% to 0.9% of cholecystectomies. Cholecystoduodenal is the most common fistula followed by cholecystocolonic fistulae.Summary: We report a case of pneumobilia resulting from a combined cholecystoduodenal and cholecystocolonic fistulae treated with a laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy and open repair of the enteric fistulae.Conclusion: Combined cholecystoduodenal and cholecystocolonic fistulae are an extremely rare complication of gallstone disease, and meticulous preoperative planning and operative dexterity are needed to safely manage these unusual fistulae.
Inflammation and Immunity in Liver Neoplasms: Implications for Future Therapeutic Strategies
Authors: Kim Jieun , Seki Ekihiro 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Over the past two decades, the “hallmarks of cancer” have revolutionized cancer research and highlighted the crucial roles of inflammation and immunity. Protumorigenic inflammation promotes cancer development along with inhibition of antitumor immunity, shaping the tumor microenvironment (TME) toward a tumor-permissive state and further enhancing the malignant potential of cancer cells. This immunosuppressive TME allows tumors to evade immunosurveillance. Thus, understanding the complex interplay between tumors and the immune system within the TME has become pivotal, especially with the advent of immunotherapy. Although immunotherapy has achieved notable success in many malignancies, primary liver cancer, particularly hepatocellular carcinoma, presents unique challenges. The hepatic immunosuppressive environment poses obstacles to the effectiveness of immunotherapy, along with high mortality rates and limited treatment options for patients with liver cancer. In this review, we discuss current understanding of the complex immune-mediated mechanisms underlying liver neoplasms, focusing on hepatocellular carcinoma and liver metastases. We describe the molecular and cellular heterogeneity within the TME, highlighting how this presents unique challenges and opportunities for immunotherapy in liver cancers. By unraveling the immune landscape of liver neoplasms, this review aims to contribute to the development of more effective therapeutic interventions, ultimately improving clinical outcomes for patients with liver cancer.
High TNF and NF-κB Pathway Dependency Are Associated with AZD5582 Sensitivity in OSCC via CASP8-Dependent Apoptosis
Authors: Chai Annie Wai Yeeng , Tan Yee Hua , Ooi Shiyin , Yee Pei San , Yee Shi Mun , Lightfoot Howard , Barthorpe Syd , Garnett Mathew J. , Cheong Sok Ching 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Drug repurposing can accelerate the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is prevalent in Asians and is associated with poor prognosis. In this study, we integrate newly generated sensitivity data for 339 anticancer drugs with genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 gene essentiality data for 21 cell lines mostly derived from Asian patients with OSCC to identify drug repurposing candidates. We observe potent activity of AZD5582 (an antagonist of the inhibitor of apoptosis family of proteins) in a subset of OSCC cells, which was associated with dependency on NF-κB pathway genes (RNF31, MAP3K7, and IKBKG). We confirm the on-target specificity and potency of AZD5582 in vitro and its ability to suppress cell growth in xenograft models. Furthermore, we identify TNF as a key mediator of AZD5582 sensitivity in OSCC. Caspase-8–dependent apoptotic and Caspase-8–independent necroptotic cellular programs mediate AZD5582-induced cell death. In summary, through the systematic integration of pharmacologic and CRISPR data, we identified a subset of OSCC with potent sensitivity to AZD5582 mediated through the NF-κB and TNF signaling pathways.

Significance:
Mechanistically guided drug repurposing has been made possible by systematically integrating pharmacologic and CRISPR-Cas9 screen data. Our study discovers the biomarker and cell death mechanisms underpinning sensitivity toward AZD5582, an antagonist of the inhibitor of apoptosis family protein. Our findings have important implications for improving future trial design for patients with OSCC using this emerging drug class.
Valenced tactile information is evoked by neutral visual cues following emotional learning
Authors: Ehlers Mana R. , Kryklywy James H. , Beukers Andre O. , Moore Sarah R. , Forys Brandon J. , Anderson Adam K. , Todd Rebecca M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Learning which stimuli in our environment co-occur with painful or pleasurable events is critical for survival. Previous research has established the basic neural and behavioral mechanisms of aversive and appetitive conditioning; however, it is unclear precisely what information content is learned. Here we examined the degree to which aspects of the unconditioned stimulus (US)—sensory information versus affective salience—are transferred to the conditioned stimulus (CS). To decode what stimuli features (e.g., valence vs. discriminative somatosensation) are represented in patterns of brain activation elicited during appetitive (soft touch) and aversive (painful touch) conditioning to faces, a novel approach to using modeling with representational similarity analysis (RSA) based on theoretically driven representational patterns of interest (POIs) was applied to fMRI data. Once associations were learned through conditioning, globally, the CS reactivated US representational patterns showing conditioning-dependent reactivation in specific high-order brain regions: In the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, the CS reactivated patterns associated with the affective salience of the US—suggesting that, with affective conditioning, these regions carry forward the affective associations of the experience.
(Nip)ulations: The Nipulator Electronic Bra and the
Embodiment of the Image Processing Tool
Authors: Panzarino Monica 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The Nipulator electronic bra is a custom-built wearable device that uses two potentiometers, a hacked DJ Hero microcontroller, and Cycling ’74 software to (nip)ulate the author’s voice and image in real time. The bra functions as an instrument for live video and sound processing as well as a feminist art object. This essay discusses how the author’s work with rare and historically significant image and sound processing tools like the Sandin Image Processor, Jones Frame Buffer, and Paik-Abe Raster Manipulation Unit influenced the creation of The Nipulator, as well as her experimental media art practice. Other artistic and personal influences are also considered, and a thorough description of the bra’s design, technical evolution, and durability challenges is provided.
Deliberate Maladjustment by Microorganisms: A Medium for Images or Luminous Bacteria
Authors: Saeki Takumi , Masuda Nobuhiro , Jo Kazuhiro 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this article, the authors reveal a new significance for the phrase “deliberately maladjusted” (borrowed from video art of the 1970s and its critical interventions) in the act of microbial image processing using two artworks by the authors: A Medium for Images or Luminous Bacteria and ‘イ’ (1926) by BioLuminescent Bacteria. In contrast to early video experimentations, contemporary computational image processing simulates and manipulates various visual media in a manner well-adjusted for digital computation and display. The authors reconsider the historical process of image processing with living entities and microorganisms as they attempt to extend the possibility of works being deliberately maladjusted.
Arabic Rhetoric as Divine Hermeneutics: mathal and majāz in Ibn Ṭufayl’s Ḥayy b. Yaqẓān
Authors: Ng Jeson 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
I read Ibn Ṭufayl’s Ḥayy b. Yaqẓān, a sixth/twelfth-century philosophical narrative, through the lens of two critical terms in Arabic rhetoric: mathal and majāz, loosely equivalent to metaphor and figurative speech. Foregrounding the hermeneutic principles underlying the two concepts allows us to explore the affective and aesthetic means by which knowledge of the divine can be transmitted even through the material limitations of human language. They also provide the epistemological and rhetorical conditions for relating the sensible (maḥsūs) and intelligible (maʿqūl) worlds to each other through repeated crossings that connect divine truth (ḥaqq) with the material conditions of living. By his fractal-like deployment of mathal and majāz, Ibn Ṭufayl brings vividly to life a method of reading that enjoins us to interpret our material world in light of the wider cosmos in the same way that we encounter his text, preparing us to reach for an ever-receding gnosis.
World Meteorological Organization (WMO)-Accredited Infrastructure to Support Operational Climate Prediction
Authors: Kumar Arun , Scaife Adam A. , Merryfield William J. , Coelho Caio A. S. , Kolli Rupa Kumar , Fröhlich Kristina , Lim Eunha , He Yuheng , Honda Yuki , Silva Jose A. M. P. A. , Diouf Sarah , Okia Wilfran Moufouma , Hovsepyan Anahit 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) system, with an intergovernmental mandate for coordinating the generation and exchange of weather, climate, and water information across its members. WMO has played a vital role in coordinating production and dissemination of weather forecasts from short to medium range whereby global weather forecasts from large operational centers are made available to all WMO members to serve needs of stakeholders at the local level. In recent decades, there has also been an increasing demand for similar forecasts on longer lead times that include prediction on subseasonal, seasonal, and annual to decadal leads. To address the increasing requirements for forecast services by members, WMO has been actively accrediting and coordinating the essential forecast infrastructure that includes provision of forecasts from WMO designated Global Producing Centers and collection of forecasts by Lead Centers to facilitate the dissemination of information and products to WMO members and relevant nongovernmental organizations. Although the basic ingredients of the infrastructure are now in place, the uptake of the forecast information has been suboptimal. To engage the community in developing solutions to enhance the utilization of available information, this paper summarizes the WMO infrastructure for long-range forecasts, particularly for seasonal time scale, and follows with a discussion of current issues that are hindering their uptake. Finally, a set of proposals to advance the utilization of the available information from the WMO long-lead forecast infrastructure are discussed.