bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Removal of dimethylphenols and ammonium in laboratory‐scale horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands
Authors: Schultze‐Nobre Luciana , Wiessner Arndt , Bartsch Cindy , Paschke Heidrun , Stefanakis Alexandros I. , Aylward Lara A. , Kuschk Peter 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPhenolic compounds in industrial wastewaters are toxic pollutants and pose a threat to public health and ecosystems. More recently, focus is being directed toward combining the treatment of these compounds with a cost‐effective and environmentally sound technology. The removal efficiency of dimethylphenol and ammonium nitrogen was studied, for the first time, in three different laboratory‐scale horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands planted with Juncus effusus. Two of the wetlands used were filled with gravel. One of these was planted and the second left without vegetation. The third wetland was a hydroponic system. It was found that the removal efficiencies of dimethylphenol was dependent on the inflow loading of the contaminant and was higher in the planted systems. Both planted systems yielded 99% removal efficiency up to loads of 240 mg/d, compared to only 73% for the unplanted constructed wetland. Factors and processes such as redox dynamics, methanogenesis, reduction of ammonium and low nitrate and nitrite concentrations imply simultaneous aerobic and anaerobic dimethylphenol transformations. A significant surplus of organic carbon was detected in the planted wetlands, which may originate from intermediates of the dimethylphenol transformation processes and/or organic plant root exudates. The present study demonstrates that horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands are a promising alternative system for the treatment of effluents contaminated with dimethylphenol isomers.
Psychometric Properties of the Chinese Version of the Eating Attitudes Test in Young Female Patients with Eating Disorders in Mainland China
Authors: Kang Qing , Chan Raymond C.K. , Li Xiaoping , Arcelus Jon , Yue Ling , Huang Jiabin , Gu Lian , Fan Qing , Zhang Haiyin , Xiao Zeping , Chen Jue 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe study aimed to investigate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the eating attitudes test (EAT‐26) among female adolescents and young adults in Mainland China. This scale was administered to 396 female eating disorder patients and 406 noneating disorder healthy controls, in addition 35 healthy controls completed a retest after a 4‐week intervals. Tests for reliability, convergent validity and receiver operating characteristic analysis were performed to detect the psychometric properties. The EAT‐26 demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.822–0.922), test–retest reliability (interclass correlation coefficient = 0.817) and convergent validity(r = 0.450–0.750). The receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that the cut‐off 14 for anorexia nervosa and 15 for bulimia nervosa represented good compromises with approximate sensitivity (0.66–0.68) and specificity (0.85–0.86). Our findings provided evidence that the Chinese version of the EAT‐26 was a psychometrically reliable and valid self‐rating instrument for identifying people suffering from an eating disorder in Mainland China. A clinical cut‐off range between 14 and 15 could be used, but caution should be exercised because of the low sensitivity of the tool. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Disaggregating soil erosion processes within an evolving experimental landscape
Authors: Momm Henrique G. , Wells Robert R. , Bennett Sean J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSoil‐mantled landscapes subjected to rainfall, runoff events, and downstream base level adjustments will erode and evolve in time and space. Yet the precise mechanisms for soil erosion also will vary, and such variations may not be adequately captured by soil erosion prediction technology. This study sought to monitor erosion processes within an experimental landscape filled with packed homogenous soil, which was exogenically forced by rainfall and base level adjustments, and to define the temporal and spatial variation of the erosion regimes. Close‐range photogrammetry and terrain analysis were employed as the primary methods to discriminate these erosion regimes. Results show that (1) four distinct erosion regimes can be identified (raindrop impact, sheet flow, rill, and gully), and these regimes conformed to an expected trajectory of landscape evolution; (2) as the landscape evolved, the erosion regimes varied in areal coverage and in relative contribution to total sediment efflux measured at the outlet of the catchment; and (3) the sheet flow and rill erosion regimes dominated the contributions to total soil loss. Disaggregating the soil erosion processes greatly facilitated identifying and mapping each regime in time and space. Such information has important implications for improving soil erosion prediction technology, for assessing landscape degradation by soil erosion, for mapping regions vulnerable to future erosion, and for mitigating soil losses and managing soil resources. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Correlates of physical activity among depressed older people in six low‐income and middle‐income countries: A community‐based cross‐sectional study
Authors: Vancampfort Davy , Stubbs Brendon , Veronese Nicola , Mugisha James , Swinnen Nathalie , Koyanagi Ai 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveDespite the benefits of physical activity (PA) in older people with depression, many do not comply with the International PA guidelines. Thus, we investigated what factors influence PA participation among 915 community‐dwelling older adults (aged ≥65 years) with depression in 6 low‐income and middle‐income countries (LMICs).MethodsCross‐sectional data were analyzed from the World Health Organization's Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health. The sample was restricted to those with DSM‐IV depression or receiving depression treatment in the last 12 months. PA was assessed by the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Participants were dichotomized into low (ie, not meeting 150 minutes of moderate PA per week) and moderate‐to‐high physically active groups. Associations between PA and a range of correlates were examined using multivariable logistic regressions.ResultsThe prevalence of low PA was 40.4% (95%CI = 34.8%–46.1%). After adjusting for age, sex, and country, larger household size and unemployment were significant sociodemographic correlates of low PA. Former smoking (vs never), anxiety, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), lower body mass index, bodily pain, asthma, chronic back pain, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hearing problems, stroke, slow gait, poor self‐rated health, higher levels of disability, and lower levels of social cohesion were identified as significant negative correlates of PA.ConclusionsThe current data provide guidance for future interventions across LMICs to assist older people with depression engage in regular PA. The promotion of social cohesion may increase the efficacy of future public health initiatives, while from a clinical perspective, somatic co‐morbidities, MCI, pain, and slow gait need to be considered.
The percutaneous toxicokinetics of VX in a damaged skin porcine model and the evaluation of WoundStat™ as a topical decontaminant
Authors: Lydon Helen , Hall Charlotte , Matar Hazem , Dalton Christopher , Chipman J. Kevin , Graham John S. , Chilcott Robert P. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis study used a damaged skin, porcine model to evaluate the in vivo efficacy of WoundStat™ for the decontamination of superficial, nerve agent‐contaminated wounds. Anaesthetized animals were randomly assigned to either control (n = 7), no decontamination (n = 12) or WoundStat™ (n = 12) treatment groups. Pigs were exposed to a 5× LD50 dose of neat, radiolabelled S‐[2‐(diisopropylamino)ethyl]‐O‐ethyl methyl‐phosphonothioate (VX; or equivalent volume of sterile saline for the control group) via an area of superficially damaged skin on the ear. WoundStat™ was applied at 30 seconds post‐exposure to assigned animals. The VX contaminant (or saline) and decontaminant remained in place for the duration of the study (up to 6 hours). Physiological parameters and signs of intoxication were recorded during the exposure period. Skin and organ samples were taken post mortem for 14C–VX distribution analyses. Blood samples were taken periodically for toxicokinetic and whole‐blood acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity analyses. VX exposure was accompanied by a rapid decrease in AChE activity in all animals, regardless of decontamination. However, decontamination significantly improved survival rate and time and reduced the severity of signs of intoxication. In addition, the distribution of 14C–VX in key internal organs and post mortem blood samples was significantly lower in the WoundStat™ treatment group. This study demonstrates that WoundStat™ may be a suitable medical countermeasure for increasing both survival rate and time following VX exposure. The results also suggest that AChE activity is not a useful prognostic indicator.
The influences of a novel anti‐adhesion device, thermally cross‐linked gelatin film on peritoneal dissemination of tumor cells: Thein vitroandin vivoexperiments using murine carcinomatous peritonitis models
Authors: Miyamoto Hiroe , Tsujimoto Hiroyuki , Horii Tsunehito , Ozamoto Yuki , Ueda Joe , Takagi Toshitaka , Saitoh Naoto , Hagiwara Akeo 
Published: October 2017

AbstractTo create anti‐adhesive materials to be more effective and safer, we developed a thermally cross‐linked gelatin film that showed superior anti‐adhesive effects with excellent peritoneal regeneration. However, it may act as a convenient scaffold for tumor cell growth, thereby accelerating peritoneal dissemination when used in surgery for abdominal tumors. In this study, we tried to clarify this issue using mouse carcinomatous peritonitis models. First, we examined thein vitrotumor cell growth of mouse B16 melanoma or Colon26 cells on the gelatin film or the conventional hyarulonate/carboxymethylcellulose film. Tumor cell growth on each film was significantly lower than that of the control (no film). Next, we conducted the followingin vivoexperiments: After the parietal peritoneum was partially removed and covered with each film or without any film, mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with B16 melanoma or Colon26/Nluc cells expressing NanoLuc luciferase gene. At 7 days after the operation, we measured the weight of B16 melanoma tumors or the NanoLuc activity of Colon26/Nluc cells usingin vivoimaging at the injured sites. There were no significant differences in the weight of the tumors and the NanoLuc activity among the three groups. We also observed the survival time of mice receiving the same operation and treatments. There was no significant difference in the survival time among the three groups. These results suggest that the gelatin film will likely not accelerate peritoneal dissemination as a convenient scaffold for tumor cell growth when used in surgery for abdominal tumors. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 2122–2130, 2018.
Interdependent self‐construal matters in the community context: Relationships of self‐construal with community identity and participation
Authors: Xin Ziqiang , Yang Zhixu , Ling Xihuan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractTwo studies investigate the relationship between self‐construal (SC), community identity, and community participation among Chinese urban residents. Study 1 (n = 261) measured SC, community identity, and community participation behavior. Using cluster analysis, 4 distinct subgroups emerged: those with (a) independent SC, (b) interdependent SC, (c) dual SC, and (d) marginal SC. Results indicated that individuals in the interdependent SC subgroup reported higher community identity, particularly emotional identity, and more participation behavior than those in the independent and dual SC subgroups. Study 2 (n = 53) experimentally activated SC before measuring community identity and community participation intention. Results indicated that individuals primed with interdependent SC reported greater community identity, particularly emotional identity, and higher participation intention than those primed with independent SC. Findings are discussed in terms of theoretical and practical implications.
Mined pyrite and chalcopyrite as catalysts for spontaneous acidic pH adjustment in Fenton and LED photo‐Fenton‐like processes
Authors: Ltaïef Aziza Hadj , Pastrana‐Martínez Luisa M , Ammar Salah , Gadri Abdellatif , Faria Joaquim L , Silva Adrián MT 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe Fenton‐based processes have been extensively studied for the treatment of pollutants contained in olive mill wastewater (OMW). These processes have some limitations, such as the need for acidic pH control, the generation of a sludge, and the separation of soluble iron species. Mined pyrite (FeS2) and chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) avoid the problem associated with sludge formation and the acidic pH adjustment. The catalytic activity of pyrite and chalcopyrite was investigated for the Fenton and LED (light emitting diode) photo‐Fenton‐like oxidation of tyrosol (TY) and in the treatment of aqueous mixtures containing phenolic compounds.RESULTSThe highest mineralization of TY (85%) and lowest Fe leaching (0.89 mg L‐1) was obtained by using chalcopyrite and the LED photo‐Fenton‐like process (0.50 mmol L‐1 of TY initial concentration and 19.0 mmol L‐1 of H2O2 stoichiometric dosage). Complete degradation of the phenolic pollutants and mineralization of 98% was also achieved.CONCLUSIONMined chalcopyrite can be an appropriate photo‐Fenton‐like catalyst in the degradation of phenolic compounds found in OMW because it can provide a high TOC removal, proper acidic pH conditions, low leaching of iron species and spontaneous formation of a small amount of H2O2. However, the catalyst stability must be improved to minimize the leaching of metals. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Spatiotemporal variability of temperature trends on the southeast Tibetan Plateau, China
Authors: Wang Shun‐Jiu 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTBased on the monthly mean temperatures recorded between 1961 and 2012 at 14 meteorological stations on the southeast Tibetan Plateau (STP), the temporal and spatial variations in mean seasonal and annual temperature trends were investigated using the Mann–Kendall test. The temperature time series on the STP are mainly characterized by increasing trends, and the rate of warming on the STP is far higher than that in other areas in China and even in other parts of the world. Statistically significant increasing trends in mean seasonal and annual temperatures were observed during the study period at the α = 0.01 level, and the increasing trend in winter was more significant than those in other seasons. The mean annual temperature increased by 0.0247 °C per year, and the mean winter temperature increased by 0.0353 °C per year. The mean temperature decreased obviously with increasing elevation, and the temperature variation due to the complex topography of the STP was more obvious than that associated with elevation. This result illustrates the important influence of complex topography on local climate change in the STP region. This study is beneficial for understanding the characteristics of local climate change on the STP in the context of global warming.
Long‐term change of potential evapotranspiration over southwest China and teleconnections with large‐scale climate anomalies
Authors: Liu Bingjun , Chen Xiuhong , Li Yuan , Chen Xiaohong 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTPotential evapotranspiration (PET) is a sensitive factor for atmospheric and ecological systems over southwest China which is characterized by intensive karst geomorphology and fragile environment. Based on daily meteorological data of 94 stations during 1961–2013, the spatiotemporal characteristics of PET are analysed. The changing characteristics of local meteorological factors and large‐scale climatic features are also investigated to explain the potential reasons for changing PET. Study results are as follows: (1) The high‐value centre of PET with a mean value of 1097 mm a−1locates in the south mainly resulted from the regional climatic features of higher air temperature (TEM), sunshine duration (SSD) and lower relative humidity (RHU), and the low‐value centre of PET with a mean value of 831 mm a−1is in the northeast primarily attributed to higher RHU and weaker SSD. (2) Annual PET decreases at −10.04 mm decade−1before the year 2000 but increases at 50.65 mm decade−1thereafter, and the dominant factors of PET change are SSD, RHU and wind speed (WIN), with the relative contributions of 33.29, 25.42 and 22.16%, respectively. (3) The abrupt change of PET in 2000 is strongly dominated by large‐scale climatic anomalies. The strengthened 850 hPa geostrophic wind (0.51 m s−1decade−1), weakened total cloud cover (−2.25% decade−1) and 500 hPa water vapour flux (−2.85% decade−1) have provided advantageous dynamic, thermal and dry conditions for PET over southwest China since the 21st century.
Core–shell microspheres with porous nanostructured shells for liquid chromatography
Authors: Ahmed Adham , Skinley Kevin , Herodotou Stephanie , Zhang Haifei 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe development of new stationary phases has been the key aspect for fast and efficient high‐performance liquid chromatography separation with relatively low backpressure. Core–shell particles, with a solid core and porous shell, have been extensively investigated and commercially manufactured in the last decade. The excellent performance of core–shell particles columns has been recorded for a wide range of analytes, covering small and large molecules, neutral and ionic (acidic and basic), biomolecules and metabolites. In this review, we first introduce the advance and advantages of core–shell particles (or more widely known as superficially porous particles) against non‐porous particles and fully porous particles. This is followed by the detailed description of various methods used to fabricate core–shell particles. We then discuss the applications of common silica core–shell particles (mostly commercially manufactured), spheres‐on‐sphere particles and core–shell particles with a non‐silica shell. This review concludes with a summary and perspective on the development of stationary phase materials for high‐performance liquid chromatography applications.
Staphylococcus Aureus V8 protease disrupts the integrity of the airway epithelial barrier and impairs IL‐6 production in vitro
Authors: Murphy Jae , Ramezanpour Mahnaz , Stach Natalia , Dubin Grzegorz , Psaltis Alkis James , Wormald Peter‐John , Vreugde Sarah 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveStaphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infection is known to contribute to the severity and recalcitrance of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), and its secreted products have been shown to alter the airway barrier. Extracellular proteases secreted by S. aureus are thought to be important in epithelial infection and immune evasion; however, their effect on airway mucosal barrier function is not known.MethodsTo investigate the impact of extracellular proteases on airway epithelial integrity, the purified S. aureus proteases V8 protease, Staphopain A, Staphopain B, Exfoliative toxin A, and serine protease‐like A–F were applied to human nasal epithelial cell air–liquid interface (HNEC‐ALI) cultures. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), permeability (Papp) measurements, and immuno‐localization of the tight junction proteins claudin‐1 and ZO‐1 were used to assess barrier integrity. Effects of the proteases on inflammation and cell viability were measured using interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) ELISA and a lactate dehydrogenase assay.ResultsApplication of V8 protease to HNEC‐ALI cultures caused a significant concentration and time‐dependent decrease in TEER (22.67%, P < 0.0001), a reciprocal Papp increase (20.14‐fold, P < 0.05), and a discontinuous ZO‐1 immuno‐localization compared to control. IL‐6 production was significantly reduced in V8 protease‐treated cells (153.5 pg/mL, P = 0.0069) compared to control (548.3 pg/mL), whereas no difference in cell viability was observed.ConclusionS. aureus V8 protease causes dysfunction of mucosal barrier structure and function indicative of a leaky barrier. A reduction in IL‐6 levels suggests that the mucosal immunity is impaired by this protease and thus has the potential to contribute to CRS recalcitrance.Level of EvidenceNA. Laryngoscope, 128:E8–E15, 2018
Structural Behavior of Cylindrical Polystyrene‐block‐Poly(ethylene‐butylene)‐block‐Polystyrene (SEBS) Triblock Copolymer Containing MWCNTs: On the Influence of Nanoparticle Surface Modification
Authors: Hasanabadi Noushin , Nazockdast Hossein , Gajewska Bernadetta , Balog Sandor , Gunkel Ilja , Bruns Nico , Lattuada Marco 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn this work, the influence of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the self‐assembly of nanocomposite materials made of cylinder‐forming polystyrene‐block‐poly(ethylene‐butylene)‐block‐polystyrene (SEBS) is studied. CNTs are modified with polystyrene (PS) brushes by surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization to facilitate both their dispersion and the orientation of neighboring PS domains of the block copolymer (BCP) along modified CNT‐PS. Dynamic rheology is utilized to probe the viscoelastic and thermal response of the nanoscopic structure of BCP nanocomposites. The results indicate that nonmodified CNTs increase the BCP microphase separation temperature because of BCP segmental confinement in the existing 3D network formed between CNTs, while the opposite holds for the samples filled with modified CNT‐PS. This is explained by severely retarded segmental motion of the matrix chains due to their preferential interactions with the PS chains of the CNT‐PS. Moreover, transient viscoelastic analysis reveals that modified CNT‐PS have a more pronounced effect on flow‐induced BCP structural orientation with much lower structural recovery rate. It is demonstrated that dynamic‐mechanical thermal analysis can provide valuable insights in understanding the role of CNT incorporation on the microstructure of BCP nanocomposite samples. Accordingly, the presence of CNT has a significant promoting effect on microstructural development, comparable to that of annealing.
To post or not to post: social media sharing and sporting event performance
Authors: Prado‐Gascó Vicente , Calabuig Moreno Ferran , Añó Sanz Vicente , Núñez‐Pomar Juan , Crespo Hervás Josep 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSocial networks are becoming increasingly important for consumers, especially in the context of sport, where the service experience is highly intense. Few studies have combined subjective event performance variables and social network variables to analyze social network content sharing by sports practitioners. This article investigates the use of social networks in relation to sporting events. An empirical study examined the role of social network variables and sporting event performance variables in social media use. The sample consisted of 410 triathletes (72.2% male) aged between 18 and 66 years (mean 37.03 ± 8.62). Four analyses were performed using fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis to examine the causes of sharing comments through social media, sharing photos and videos on social media, participant satisfaction, and word‐of‐mouth (WOM). The event's general image was a necessary condition in all cases. The combination of participants’ satisfaction and positive event image and the combination of social network use and positive event image lead to social network content sharing by athletes. The combination of positive event image and participant satisfaction leads to a positive WOM.