bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tumor Size Has a Time-Varying Effect on Recurrence in Cervical Cancer
Authors: Chang Chung , Chen Jiabin , Chang Wen-Yi , Chiang An Jen 
Published: July 2016

Objective
This study analyzed the risk factors for their possible association with overall survival and progression-free survival in cervical cancer, with a flexible model that allowed time-varying effects.

Methods
Information about patients with cervical cancer from 2002 to 2012 was collected in the Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital. All available biological and clinicopathologic factors were tested for the assumption of the Cox proportional hazard model, that is, whether they had time-varying effect on survival. The factors were also analyzed in univariate and multivariate statistics to identify independent risk factors. The multivariate analysis was performed with an extended Cox model so that those factors that failed the assumption test were allowed to vary with time.

Results
Approximately 797 patients were included in the final analysis. Most factors tested passed the Cox assumption test, except tumor size and body mass index in the event of recurrence and preoperative CA125 values in the event of death (P < 0.05). Univariate and multivariate analysis identified tumor size, stage, and lymph nodal metastasis as independent significant risk factors for both recurrence and death (P < 0.05), with tumor size being a time-varying factor for recurrence.

Conclusions
Patients with larger tumor size, higher FIGO stage, and lymph nodal metastasis are faced with higher risk of recurrence and death. A larger tumor size poses increasingly higher risk for recurrence initially, and its importance declines as the patient survives longer without disease progression. These findings may be helpful to gynecologists when assessing tumor risk of patients with cervical cancer and in patient consultation.
Safety of Long-term Use of Lamotrigine for the Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders
Authors: Sogawa Rintaro , Mochinaga Sakiko , Inaba Takayoshi , Matsushima Jun , Mizoguchi Yoshito , Kawashima Toshiro , Fujito Hiroshi , Monji Akira 
Published: July 2016

Objectives
Lamotrigine (LTG) is a drug commonly used to treat epilepsy and can also be used to manage mood disorders, such as bipolar disorder. One of the most dangerous adverse effects of LTG is skin rash, which can make early cessation necessary. Here, we examine the adverse effects associated with long-term use of LTG for the treatment of mood disorders.

Methods
Data were obtained from the medical records of 101 psychiatric patients who were prescribed long-term treatment with LTG. Patients were retrospectively divided into those who discontinued treatment within 6 months and those who continued for longer, and the groups were compared for adverse effects. We also compared the incidence of adverse effects in high and low doses.

Results
Fifty-four patients continued LTG treatment for 6 months or longer; 47 discontinued within 6 months. A history of allergy was more prevalent among the patients who discontinued treatment early than in those who continued. Of the patients who continued treatment for 6 months or longer, only 2 later discontinued treatment because of adverse effects. Lamotrigine monotherapy showed no difference in the incidence of adverse effects for different doses of LTG (>200 mg = 4.8% vs >100 mg, ≤200 mg = 7.7%; P = 1, vs >50 mg, ≤100 mg = 0%; P = 1 vs ≤50 mg = 0%; P = 1).

Conclusions
Clinicians must be mindful of the adverse effects occurring early during the titration phase. However, long-term use of LTG was very well tolerated, even at high maintenance doses.
SMRT Genome Assembly Corrects Reference Errors, Resolving the Genetic Basis of Virulence inMycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Elghraoui Afif , Modlin Samuel J , Valafar Faramarz 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe genetic basis of virulence inMycobacterium tuberculosishas been investigated through genome comparisons of its virulent (H37Rv) and attenuated (H37Ra) sister strains. Such analysis, however, relies heavily on the accuracy of the sequences. While the H37Rv reference genome has had several corrections to date, that of H37Ra is unmodified since its original publication. Here, we report the assembly and finishing of the H37Ra genome from single-molecule, real-time (SMRT) sequencing. Our assembly reveals that the number of H37Ra-specific variants is less than half of what the Sanger-based H37Ra reference sequence indicates, undermining and, in some cases, invalidating the conclusions of several studies. PE_PPE family genes, which are intractable to commonly-used sequencing platforms because of their repetitive and GC-rich nature, are overrepresented in the set of genes in which all reported H37Ra-specific variants are contradicted. We discuss how our results change the picture of virulence attenuation and the power of SMRT sequencing for producing high-quality reference genomes.
Marketing orientation, strategic orientation and their synergistic impact on business performance
Authors: Chahal Hardeep , Dangwal R.C. , Raina Swati 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
The main purpose of this study is to examine the synergistic impact of marketing orientation (MO) and strategic orientation (SO) on business performance (BP) and to explore role of entrepreneurial qualification (moderating) and SO (mediating) in MO and BP relationship.

Design/methodology/approach
Nine hundred small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) owners/managers operating in Jammu District, North India, are contacted during October 2013 to February 2014.

Findings
The study identifies and confirms MO (marketing strategy, customer philosophy, operational efficiency and integrated marketing) and SO (defensive, proactive, analytical and risk-averse) as multi-dimensional constructs. Although both orientations have positive impact on SMEs performance, however, their synergistic impact is weak. In addition, the study also reveals that MO has direct and indirect impact (through SO) on BP. Lastly, there exists moderating role of entrepreneurial qualification between MO and SO.

Research limitations/implications
The major limitation of the study is the focus on SMEs. Based on the strength of the relationships among the dimensions and sub-dimensions of the MO, SO and BP, replication and validation of research in service sector across the country and globe is required to generalise the results and to develop stronger theory.

Originality/value
This is the first empirical study to investigate the synergistic impact of two well-established notions – MO and SO. It provides empirical evidence for the claim that synergistic impact of marketing and SO on BP is weak, unlike their respective strong impact on BP. This study also clarifies roles of entrepreneurial qualification and SO in MO and BP relationship.
Entrepreneurial marketing behaviours: impact of firm age, firm size and firm’s founder
Authors: Kilenthong Pitsamorn , Hultman Claes M. , Hills Gerald E. 
Published: July 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to empirically test whether a systematic relationship exists between firms’ level of entrepreneurial marketing (EM) behaviours and firms’ characteristics, including firm age, firm size and firm’s founder.Design/methodology/approachThis paper quantitatively investigates EM behaviours from data collected from 752 business owners through structured interviews. The data analysis applied was multi-group confirmatory factor analysis (multi-group CFA).FindingsResults from the analysis show that not all of the firms’ characteristics determine firms’ level of EM practice. The level of EM behaviours has a systematic relationship with firms’ age but not with the founding status of the firms’ manager. The impact of firm size on the level of EM behaviours is evident only when the firms’ age is taken into account.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper concludes that relationships between EM behaviours and firm characteristics are more complicated than anticipated. Firms’ characteristics alone may not be a good measure for identifying the level of a firm’s EM. EM cannot be conceptualized solely in relation to the activities of small firms, young firms or founder-operated firms.Originality/valueThis paper examines EM behaviours in a large survey and uses multi-group CFA to examine firms’ EM practice through latent variables, instead of observed variables. The findings should complement knowledge regarding the EM concept generated from existing literature.
It’s uphill all the way to the top, regardless of mountain size
Authors: Ensign Prescott C. , Robinson Nicholas P. 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
This case aims to illustrate the hurdles that a young venture might experience in the early stages of its life cycle and showcase how managers must use ingenuity to climb over obstacles.

Design/methodology/approach
The case is based on interviews with the founders and additional secondary data.

Findings
RepositBox, a Canadian-based provider of credentials verification solutions, is a new venture coping with the challenges posed by the introduction of its innovative new product to the marketplace.

Originality/value
The case is suitable for use in undergraduate or graduate courses in new venture creation, entrepreneurial marketing and launching a technology-based enterprise.
Integrating research using animal‐borne telemetry with the needs of conservation management
Authors: McGowan Jennifer , Beger Maria , Lewison Rebecca L. , Harcourt Rob , Campbell Hamish , Priest Mark , Dwyer Ross G. , Lin Hsien‐Yung , Lentini Pia , Dudgeon Christine , McMahon Clive , Watts Matt , Possingham Hugh P. 
Published: July 2016

Summary

Animal‐borne telemetry has revolutionized our ability to study animal movement, species physiology, demography and social structures, changing environments and the threats that animals are experiencing. While there will always be a need for basic ecological research and discovery, the current conservation crisis demands we look more pragmatically at the data required to make informed management decisions.

Here, we define a framework that distinguishes how research using animal telemetry devices can influence conservation. We then discuss two critical questions which aim to directly connect telemetry‐derived data to applied conservation decision‐making: (i) Would my choice of action change if I had more data? (ii) Is the expected gain worth the money and time required to collect more data?

Policy implications. To answer questions about integrating telemetry‐derived data with applied conservation, we suggest the use of value of information analysis to quantitatively assess the return‐on‐investment of animal telemetry‐derived data for conservation decision‐making.
Dynamic Stochastic General EQUILIBRIUM ‐ BASED Assessment of Nonlinear Macroprudential Policies: Evidence from Hong Kong
Authors: Funke Michael , Paetz Michael 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn the wake of the 2008–2009 global financial crisis, the macroeconomic discussion has returned to the topic of proactive macroprudential policies. The use of loan‐to‐value (LTV) policies to curb booming property markets has long been used by Hong Kong's monetary authorities to actively manage the potential fallout from housing price bubbles. In 2013 the Hong Kong authorities supplemented the LTV policies with property transfer taxes. Here, we also analyse the merits of these tax‐based macroprudential policies in the dynamic stochastic general equilibrium framework. Furthermore, we calibrate the impact of both countercyclical macroprudential policies employed in conjunction with forward guidance. We conclude that both policy approaches can limit the pace of housing price increases. As regards the comparison of LTV and tax‐based measures, it turns out that property acquisition taxes are more effective.
Elevated Glutamate Levels in the Left Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Are Associated with Higher Cravings for Alcohol
Authors: Frye Mark A. , Hinton David J. , Karpyak Victor M. , Biernacka Joanna M. , Gunderson Lee J. , Geske Jennifer , Feeder Scott E. , Choi Doo‐Sup , Port John D. 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundQuantifying craving longitudinally during the course of withdrawal, early abstinence, and relapse is essential for optimal management of alcohol use disorder (AUD). In an effort to identify biological correlates of craving, we used proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H‐MRS) to investigate the correlation between craving and glutamate levels in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (LDLPFC) of patients with AUD.MethodsParticipants underwent 1H‐MRS of the LDLPFC with 2‐dimensional J‐resolved (2DJ) averaged PRESS. MRS data were processed with LCModel and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)‐corrected to generate metabolite concentrations. The Penn Alcohol Craving Scale (PACS) and the 30‐day time line follow‐back (TLFB 30) were used to quantify craving for alcohol and drinking patterns, respectively.ResultsThere was a statistically significant positive correlation between CSF‐corrected glutamate ([Glu]) levels and PACS scores (n = 14; p = 0.005). When PACS scores were dichotomized (< or ≥median = 16), [Glu] levels were significantly higher in the high‐ versus low‐craving group (p = 0.007). In addition, there was a significant negative correlation between CSF‐corrected N‐acetyl aspartic acid ([NAA]) levels and mean number of drinks per drinking day in the past month (n = 13; TLFB 30; p = 0.012). When mean TLFB 30 was dichotomized (< or ≥median = 7.86), [NAA] levels were significantly lower in subjects that consumed more alcoholic beverages. There was no significant correlation between [Glu] and [NAA] levels with other measures of drinking behavior and or depression symptom severity.ConclusionsWhile limited by small sample size, these data suggest that glutamate levels in LDLPFC are associated with alcohol craving intensity in patients with AUD. Further study with larger sample size is needed to replicate this finding and evaluate the merits of glutamate spectroscopy as a biological correlate of alcohol craving intensity and a guide to treatment interventions.
Factors associated with postpartum psychiatric admission in a population‐based cohort of women with schizophrenia
Authors: Vigod S. N. , Rochon‐Terry G. , Fung K. , Gruneir A. , Dennis C.‐L. , Grigoriadis S. , Kurdyak P. A. , Ray J. G. , Rochon P. , Seeman M. V. 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveWe aimed to identify factors associated with postpartum psychiatric admission in schizophrenia.MethodIn a population‐based cohort study of 1433 mothers with schizophrenia in Ontario, Canada (2003–2011), we compared women with and without psychiatric admission in the 1st year postpartum on demographic, maternal medical/obstetrical, infant and psychiatric factors and identified factors independently associated with admission.ResultsAdmitted women (n = 275, 19%) were less likely to be adolescents, more likely to be low income and less likely to have received prenatal ultrasound before 20 weeks gestation compared to non‐admitted women. They also had higher rates of predelivery psychiatric comorbidity and mental health service use. Factors independently associated with postpartum admission were age (<20 vs. ≥35 years: adjusted risk ratio, aRR, 0.48, 95% CI 0.24–0.96), income (lowest vs. highest income: aRR 1.67, 1.13–2.47) and the following mental health service use factors in pregnancy: admission (≥35 days/year vs. no days, aRR 4.54, 3.65–5.65), outpatient mental health care (no visits vs. ≥2 visits aRR 0.35, 0.27–0.47) and presence of a consistent mental health care provider during pregnancy (aRR 0.69, 0.54–0.89).ConclusionCertain subgroups of women with schizophrenia may benefit from targeted intervention to mitigate risk for postpartum admission.
Comparative effectiveness of nucleos(t)ide analogues in chronic hepatitis B patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy
Authors: Tseng Chao‐Ming , Chen Tai‐Been , Hsu Yao‐Chun , Chang Chi‐Yang , Lin Jaw‐Town , Mo Lein‐Ray 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundComparative effectiveness of different nucleos(t)ide analogues for preventing hepatitis B virus reactivation induced by cytotoxic chemotherapy has not been elucidated. The prophylactic drug of choice remains controversial.AimOur objective was to compare the effectiveness of tenofovir, telbivudine and entecavir with lamivudine in preventing the reactivation of hepatitis B virus caused by chemotherapy.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study consecutively screened all patients who were positive for hepatitis B virus surface antigen and received chemotherapy for malignant diseases in a teaching hospital in Taiwan. Eligible patients were grouped according to whether they received nucleos(t)ide analogues before (prophylactic group) or during chemotherapy (historical control). Those who received antiviral prophylaxis were further classified by the medications that included lamivudine, telbivudine, entecavir and tenofovir. The incidence of hepatitis, liver decompensation and interruption of chemotherapy were audited.ResultsA total of 212 consecutive patients were enrolled into analysis. Those who prophylactically used nucleos(t)ide analogues (n = 177) had significantly lower rates of liver decompensation (0.6% vs 20%, P < 0.01), interruption of chemotherapy (0% vs 40%, P < 0.01) and incidence of hepatitis (4.5% vs 100%, P < 0.01), as compared with their historical control (n = 35). In the prophylactic group, there was no difference among tenofovir, telbivudine, entecavir and lamivudine users in the incidence of hepatitis, liver decompensation and interruption of chemotherapy.ConclusionLamivudine, telbivudine, entecavir and tenofovir are all effective as the prophylactic antiviral therapy to prevent reactivation of hepatitis B induced by chemotherapy.
Very low‐dose isotretinoin in mild to moderate papulopustular rosacea; a retrospective review of 52 patients
Authors: Rademaker Marius 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesRosacea is a chronic inflammatory disorder that affects up to 10% of the population. Standard treatments include topical azelaic acid and metronidazole or systemic tetracyclines. Isotretinoin has generally been restricted to severe disease, often at a dose of 0.5–1.0 mg/kg/day.MethodRetrospective review of open‐label isotretinoin (initial dose 20 mg/day, with dose adjustments according to response), in patients with mild to moderate papulopustular rosacea.ResultsAltogether 52 patients (33 women), mean age 48 years (range 18–86) were treated with isotretinoin over a 5‐year period. All patients were commenced on 20‐mg isotretinoin/day which was reduced to 10–20 mg once to five times a week (equivalent to 5 mg/day) in 67%, but increased in 15% (who all had additional acne) to 30–40 mg/day. In terms of dose/kg/day, 29% received ≤ 0.1 mg/kg/day, 46% received 0.11–0.25 mg/kg/day and 10% received > 0.5 mg/kg/day. Treatment was continued for 57 weeks (range 9–223). Six patients (12%) did not attend follow up. Of the remainder, in 91% (42/46) the rosacea had cleared or was excellent. One patient stopped isotretinoin because of its adverse effects. Two‐fifths (44%) suffered no adverse effect. The most common side‐effect was cheilitis in half (52%), which was mild in all but one patient.ConclusionVery low‐dose isotretinoin (e.g., 10–20 mg once to five times a week, equivalent to 5 mg/day) is an effective treatment for mild to moderate papulopustular rosacea and is well tolerated.
Monitoring recommendations for oral azathioprine, methotrexate and cyclosporin in a paediatric dermatology clinic and literature review
Authors: Yee Joy , Orchard David 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesSystemic oral immunomodulators azathioprine, methotrexate and cyclosporin are widely used in paediatric dermatology. Routine blood tests are performed to minimise drug‐related adverse events. However, the frequency of monitoring tests may lead to significant fearful experiences for patients. We reviewed haematological abnormalities and clinical side‐effects in a paediatric clinic population commencing immunomodulators for dermatological conditions, where haematological profiles are monitored less frequently than in current recommendations.MethodsA retrospective chart review of children started on azathioprine, methotrexate or cyclosporin for a dermatological condition between 2001–2015 from a primarily paediatric, private dermatology practice was performed. Blood tests were done at baseline, 1 month, 2 months and then 3‐monthly for children on azathioprine. Children on methotrexate and cyclosporin had tests done at baseline, after 1 month and then 3‐monthly.ResultsIn total, 242 children were included in this study. Azathioprine, methotrexate and cyclosporin cohorts had 95, 97 and 50 patients treated for a mean duration of 656, 758 and 313 days, respectively. Isolated abnormal blood tests indicated the cessation of azathioprine in 3/95 (3%), methotrexate in 5/97 (5%) and cyclosporin in 2/50 (4%) of patients. Abnormal blood test results were not associated with any reported clinical side‐effects in the azathioprine (P = 0.726), methotrexate (P = 0.06) or cyclosporin groups (P = 0.250).ConclusionIn our experience, less frequent monitoring did not result in any significant adverse events over a 15‐year period. We suggest that haematological monitoring during immunosuppressants use can be safely reduced from current recommendations.
Expression of sex steroid hormone receptors in human skeletal muscle during the menstrual cycle
Authors: Ekenros L. , Papoutsi Z. , Fridén C. , Dahlman Wright K. , Lindén Hirschberg A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAimVariations in sex hormone levels during the menstrual cycle may affect neuromuscular performance and the risk of sustaining musculoskeletal injury in women. The aim of this study was to investigate mRNA and protein levels for sex steroid hormone receptors in skeletal muscle in three distinct phases of the menstrual cycle.MethodsFifteen, healthy women with regular menstrual cycles participated in the study. Muscle biopsies from the vastus lateralis were obtained in three hormonally verified phases of the menstrual cycle for each individual, that is the follicular phase, the ovulatory phase and the luteal phase. mRNA and protein levels of oestrogen (ERα and ERβ), progesterone (PR) and androgen (AR) receptors were analysed.ResultsThere was an overall significant variation in mRNA and protein levels of ERα and PR across the menstrual cycle. mRNA and protein levels of ERα were highest in the follicular phase when oestradiol levels were low, whereas protein levels of PR were highest in the luteal phase when progesterone levels were high. mRNA levels of PR were highest in the ovulatory phase. No significant variation in AR levels was detected across the menstrual cycle. ERβ levels were very low in all three phases of the menstrual cycle.ConclusionSignificant variations in mRNA and protein levels of ERα and PR were detected in skeletal muscle during three confirmed phases of the menstrual cycle. These results may have an impact on effects of muscular training and sports injuries in women.