bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paediatric parenting stress in fathers and mothers of young children with Type 1 diabetes: a longitudinal study
Authors: Nieuwesteeg A. , Hartman E. , Emons W. , van Bakel H. , Aanstoot H.‐J. , van Mil E. , Pouwer F. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAimTo compare levels of paediatric parenting stress in the fathers and mothers of young children with Type 1 diabetes and study the variation in this stress over time.MethodsOne hundred and twelve parents (56 mothers and 56 fathers) of young children (0–7 years) with Type 1 diabetes participated in this study. They completed the Pediatric Inventory for Parents to assess paediatric parenting stress (frequency and difficulty scores on the Communication, Emotional Distress, Medical Care and Role Functioning subscales and Total Score); 44 mothers (79%) and 31 fathers (55%) completed the questionnaire again, 1 year later. Independent and paired sample t‐tests were used to examine the differences between fathers and mothers and the changes over time. Cohen's d effect sizes were also calculated.ResultsMothers scored significantly higher than fathers on the stress subscales for Communication frequency and difficulty, Emotional Distress frequency and difficulty, Medical Care frequency and Total Score frequency and difficulty (d ranged from −0.44 to −0.56). Furthermore, fathers reported a decrease in Medical Care frequency (d = 0.10) and an increase in Emotional Distress difficulty (d = −0.32) and Total Score difficulty (d = −0.29), whereas mothers reported a decrease in Emotional Distress frequency, Medical Care frequency and Total Score frequency (d ranged from 0.31 to 0.66) over a 1‐year period.ConclusionsThese results show that within families with a young child with Type 1 diabetes, the burden of care increases in fathers and decreases in mothers, suggesting that fathers assume more responsibility for care of their child with Type 1 diabetes as the child grows.
Different output properties of perisomatic region‐targeting interneurons in the basal amygdala
Authors: Barsy Boglárka , Szabó Gergely G. , Andrási Tibor , Vikór Attila , Hájos Norbert 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe perisomatic region of principal neurons in cortical regions is innervated by three types of GABAergic interneuron, including parvalbumin‐containing basket cells (PVBCs) and axo‐axonic cells (AACs), as well as cholecystokinin and type 1 cannabinoid receptor‐expressing basket cells (CCK/CB1BCs). These perisomatic inhibitory cell types can also be found in the basal nucleus of the amygdala, however, their output properties are largely unknown. Here, we performed whole‐cell recordings in morphologically identified interneurons in slices prepared from transgenic mice, in which the GABAergic cells could be selectively targeted. Investigating the passive and active membrane properties of interneurons located within the basal amygdala revealed that the three interneuron types have distinct single‐cell properties. For instance, the input resistance, spike rate, accommodation in discharge rate, or after‐hyperpolarization width at the half maximal amplitude separated the three interneuron types. Furthermore, we performed paired recordings from interneurons and principal neurons to uncover the basic features of unitary inhibitory postsynaptic currents (uIPSCs). Although we found no difference in the magnitude of responses measured in the principal neurons, the uIPSCs originating from the distinct interneuron types differed in rise time, failure rate, latency, and short‐term dynamics. Moreover, the asynchronous transmitter release induced by a train of action potentials was typical for the output synapses of CCK/CB1BCs. Our results suggest that, despite the similar uIPSC magnitudes originating from the three perisomatic inhibitory cell types, their distinct release properties together with the marked differences in their spiking characteristics may contribute to accomplish specific functions in amygdala network operation.
FGF2 antagonizes aberrant TGFβ regulation of tropomyosin: role for posterior capsule opacity
Authors: Kubo Eri , Shibata Shinsuke , Shibata Teppei , Kiyokawa Etsuko , Sasaki Hiroshi , Singh Dhirendra P. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractTransforming growth factor (TGF) β2 and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 2 are involved in regulation of posterior capsule opacification (PCO) and other processes of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) such as cancer progression, wound healing and tissue fibrosis as well as normal embryonic development. We previously used an in vivo rodent PCO model to show the expression of tropomyosin (Tpm) 1/2 was aberrantly up‐regulated in remodelling the actin cytoskeleton during EMT. In this in vitro study, we show the Tpms family of cytoskeleton proteins are involved in regulating and stabilizing actin microfilaments (F‐actin) and are induced by TGFβ2 during EMT in lens epithelial cells (LECs). Importantly, we found TGFβ2 and FGF2 played contrasting roles. Stress fibre formation and up‐regulation of α‐smooth muscle actin (αSMA) induced by TGFβ2 could be reversed by Tpm1/2 knock‐down by siRNA. Expression of Tpm1/2 and stress fibre formation induced by TGFβ2 could be reversed by FGF2. Furthermore, FGF2 delivery to TGFβ‐treated LECs perturbed EMT by reactivating the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK)/ extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) pathway and subsequently enhanced EMT. Conversely, MEK inhibitor (PD98059) abated the FGF2‐mediated Tpm1/2 and αSMA suppression. However, we found that normal LECs which underwent EMT showed enhanced migration in response to combined TGFβ and FGF2 stimulation. These findings may help clarify the mechanism reprogramming the actin cytoskeleton during morphogenetic EMT cell proliferation and fibre regeneration in PCO. We propose that understanding the physiological link between levels of FGF2, Tpm1/2 expression and TGFβs‐driven EMT orchestration may provide clue(s) to develop therapeutic strategies to treat PCO based on Tpm1/2.
The role of p38alpha in Schwann cells in regulating peripheral nerve myelination and repair
Authors: Roberts Sheridan L. , Dun Xin‐peng , Dee Gemma , Gray Bethany , Mindos Thomas , Parkinson David B. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMyelination in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is controlled by both positive and negative regulators within Schwann cells to ensure timely onset and correct myelin thickness for saltatory conduction by neurons. Transcription factors such as Sox10, octamer‐binding transcription factor 6 (Oct6) and Krox20 form a positive regulatory network, whereas negative regulators such as cJun and Sox2 oppose myelination in Schwann cells. The role of the p38 MAPK pathway has been studied in PNS myelination, but its precise function remains unclear, with both positive and negative effects of p38 activity reported upon both myelination and processes of nerve repair. To clarify the role of p38 MAPK in the PNS, we have analysed mice with a Schwann cell‐specific ablation of the major p38 isoform, p38alpha. In line with previous findings of an inhibitory role for p38 MAPK, we observe acceleration of post‐natal myelination in p38alpha null nerves, a delay in myelin down‐regulation following injury, together with a small increase in levels of re‐myelination following injury. Finally we explored roles for p38alpha in controlling axonal regeneration and functional repair following PNS injury and observe that loss of p38alpha function in Schwann cells does not appear to affect these processes as previously reported. These studies therefore provide further proof for a role of p38 MAPK signalling in the control of myelination by Schwann cells in the PNS, but do not show an apparent role for signalling by this MAP kinase in Schwann cells controlling other elements of Wallerian degeneration and functional repair following injury.
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Cover Image for this issue: doi: 10.1111/jnc.13793.
Role of Isotocin in the Regulation of the Hypophysiotropic Dopamine Neurones in the Preoptic Area of the Catfish, Clarias batrachus
Authors: Singh O. , Kumar S. , Singh U. , Bhute Y. , Singru P. S. 
Published: December 2016

Dopamine (DA) has emerged as a potent inhibitory neuromodulator of luteinsing hormone (LH) secretion and reproduction in teleosts. The DA neurones located in the anterior subdivision of nucleus preopticus periventricularis (NPPa) in the preoptic area (POA) innervate the pituitary gland and regulate LH cells. Although a reduction in the inhibitory DAergic tone is crucial for stimulatory action of gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) on LH cells, the role of other hypothalamic factors is suggested but not fully understood. Nonapeptide, isotocin (IST) has emerged as a likely candidate that may also influence the LH cell function. IST neurones reside in the nucleus preopticus and innervate LH cells. While IST treatment dramatically elevated LH secretion, the IST levels in brain peaked during spawning. In a pilot study on the catfish, Clarias batrachus, we observed a dense network of IST‐immunoreactive (IST‐IR) fibres in the NPPa, the region known to harbour hypophysiotropic DA neurones. Application of the double immunofluorescence method showed a dense IST‐IR fibre network around the tyrosine hydroxylase‐immunoreactive (TH‐IR) neurones in the NPPa region. A great majority of the TH‐IR neurones in the NPPa were contacted by IST‐IR fibres during the spawning phase. The NPPa therefore appears to be a site for the intense interaction of DA and IST. IST‐IR fibre innervation in NPPa showed reproduction phase‐dependent changes. The percent fluorescent area of IST‐IR fibres showed a gradual increase from the resting through prespawning phases (resting: 7.5 ± 1.04; preparatory: 8.6 ± 0.8; prespawning: 15.5 ± 1.4), reaching a peak in the spawning phase (28 ± 2.3; P < 0.001). Compared to the spawning phase, a drastic reduction in IST‐IR fibres in the NPPa was observed during the postspawning phase (8.4 ± 0.9; P < 0.001). Superfused slices of the POA of C. batrachus treated with IST peptide resulted in a significant reduction in TH immunoreactivity in the NPPa (Control: 45.3 ± 4.2; IST peptide, 5 μm: 29.4 ± 4.7; P < 0.05). We suggest that the intense interaction between IST and DA in the NPPa, most probably of an inhibitory nature, may be critical for the regulation of LH cells and reproduction in teleosts.
Subjects with temporomandibular joint disc displacement do not feature any peculiar changes in body posture
Authors: Rocha T. , Castro M. A. , Guarda‐Nardini L. , Manfredini D. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryThe presence of body posture changes among patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) has been a controversial topic in dentistry. Based on that, the aim of this study was to assess postural features of pain‐free subjects with internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), viz. disc displacement, when compared to subjects with normal disc position. A total of 21 subjects with unilateral, pain‐free TMJ disc displacement (DD) and 21 subjects without any TMD signs of symptoms were assessed for body posture changes by means of posturographic evaluation of several body segments and postural balance reactions through the centre of mass during jaw movements using a balance platform. Posturographic measurements showed the absence of any significant differences between the two groups in any of the outcome parameters. Similarly, all balance platform responses to mandibular movements were not different between groups. There are no significant differences in body posture between subjects with and without unilateral disc displacement in the temporomandibular joint. Such observations, indicating a well‐preserved postural balance in the presence of TMJ internal derangement, put into serious question the potential influence of TMJ disorders on whole body posture and viceversa.
Single mandibular implant study – denture satisfaction in the elderly
Authors: Passia N. , Att W. , Freitag‐Wolf S. , Heydecke G. , von Königsmark V. , Freifrau von Maltzahn N. , Mundt T. , Rädel M. , Schwindling F. S. , Wolfart S. , Kern M. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryTo investigate whether there are differences in patients’ denture satisfaction when an implant placed in the midline of the edentulous mandible is loaded either immediately or three months later, after second‐stage surgery. One hundred and fifty‐eight edentulous patients received a single implant in the midline of the mandible. After randomisation, it was loaded either immediately after implant placement (N = 81, group A) or three months later, after a submerged healing phase and a second‐stage surgery (N = 77, group B). Patients’ denture satisfaction aspects were assessed, using visual analogue scales (VAS), before treatment, one month after implant placement during the submerged healing phase (only group B) and one and four months after implant loading. The statistical analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon signed‐rank and rank‐sum tests. One month after loading, a significant improvement in comfort, function and stability of the mandibular denture could be observed in both groups (P ≤ 0·05). A slight but not significant improvement was found between one and four months after loading. Patients with second‐stage surgery and delayed loading rated the stability and fit of the mandibular denture as significantly better than patients who had immediate loading. A single implant in the edentulous mandible significantly increased patients’ denture satisfaction. After four months, stability and fit of the mandibular denture were considered better when a delayed loading protocol had been followed. A single mandibular implant in the edentulous mandible significantly increases patients’ denture satisfaction, regardless of the loading protocol.
The Black dentist workforce in the United States
Authors: Mertz Elizabeth , Calvo Jean , Wides Cynthia , Gates Paul 
Published: December 2016

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this paper is to describe the Black dentist workforce, the practice patterns of providers, and their contributions to oral health care for minority and underserved patients.MethodsA national sample survey of underrepresented minority dentists was conducted in 2012 and received a 32.6 percent response rate for self‐reported Black dentists. Data were weighted for selection and response bias to be nationally representative. Descriptive and multivariable statistics were computed to provide a workforce profile of Black dentists. National comparisons are provided from published data.ResultsAmong all Black dentists (weighted n = 6,254), 76.6 percent self‐identify as African‐American, 13.2 percent as African, and 10.3 percent as Afro‐Caribbean. The largest share of Black dentists are male, married, heterosexual, born in the United States and raised in a medium to large city. One third of Black dentists were the first in their family to graduate from college. Black dentists report higher average educational debt than all dental students, with graduates from International Dentist Programs having the greatest debt. Traditional practices (i.e., private practices) dominate, with 67.1 percent of Black dentists starting out in this setting and 73.5 percent currently in the setting. Black dentists care for a disproportionate share of Black patients, with an average patient mix that is 44.9 percent Black. Two in five Black dentists reported their patient pool is made up of more than 50 percent Black patients.ConclusionsThe underrepresentation for Black dentists is extraordinary, and the Black dentists that are in practice are shouldering a disproportionate share of dental care for minority and underserved communities.
Attentional Capture by Emotional Stimuli: Manipulation of Emotional Valence by the Sample Pre‐rating Method
Authors: Ono Yohei , Taniguchi Yasutomi 
Published: December 2016

AbstractEye movements directed at emotional and neutral pictures were investigated. Participants were instructed to fixate on a target and avoid looking at a non‐target. Results of trials consisting of emotional and neutral pictures were analyzed based on participants’ evaluations of the stimuli before the experiment. Results indicated that the number and duration of fixations were larger and longer for targets than for non‐targets. Further, the probability of first fixation was less for neutral targets than for emotional targets. This suggests that unpleasant pictures capture visual attention and that the attentional orienting is subject to automatic response. The possibility that top‐down processes of visual attention may be involved in attentional capture was also discussed.
Effectiveness and safety of ombitasvir, paritaprevir, ritonavir ± dasabuvir ± ribavirin: An early access programme for Spanish patients with genotype 1/4 chronic hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Perelló C. , Carrión J. A. , Ruiz‐Antorán B. , Crespo J. , Turnes J. , Llaneras J. , Lens S. , Delgado M. , García‐Samaniego J. , García‐Paredes F. , Fernández I. , Morillas R. M. , Rincón D. , Porres J. C. , Prieto M. , Lázaro Ríos M. , Fernández‐Rodríguez C. , Hermo J. A. , Rodríguez M. , Herrero J. I. , Ruiz P. , Fernández J. R. , Macías M. , Pascasio J. M. , Moreno J. M. , Serra M. Á. , Arenas J. , Real Y. , Jorquera F. , Calleja J. L. ,   the Spanish Collaborative Group for the Study of the Use of Hepatitis C Direct‐Acting Drugs
Published: December 2016

AbstractOver the last 5 years, therapies for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection have improved significantly, achieving sustained virologic response (SVR) rates of up to 100% in clinical trials in patients with HCV genotype 1. We investigated the effectiveness and safety of ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir±dasabuvir in an early access programme. This was a retrospective, multicentre, national study that included 291 treatment‐naïve and treatment‐experienced patients with genotype 1 or 4 HCV infection. Most patients (65.3%) were male, and the mean age was 57.5 years. The mean baseline viral load was 6.1 log, 69.8% had HCV 1b genotype, 72.9% had cirrhosis and 34.7% were treatment‐naïve. SVR at 12 weeks posttreatment was 96.2%. Four patients had virological failure (1.4%), one leading to discontinuation. There were no statistical differences in virological response according to genotype or liver fibrosis. Thirty patients experienced serious adverse events (SAEs) (10.3%), leading to discontinuation in six cases. Hepatic decompensation was observed in five patients. Four patients died during treatment or follow‐up, three of them directly related to liver failure. Multivariate analyses showed a decreased probability of achieving SVR associated with baseline albumin, bilirubin and Child‐Pugh score B, and a greater probability of developing SAEs related to age and albumin. This combined therapy was highly effective in clinical practice with an acceptable safety profile and low rates of treatment discontinuation.
Safety and efficacy of direct‐acting antivirals for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C in a real‐world population aged 65 years and older
Authors: Conti F. , Brillanti S. , Buonfiglioli F. , Vukotic R. , Morelli M. C. , Lalanne C. , Massari M. , Foschi F. G. , Bernabucci V. , Serio I. , Prati G. M. , Negri E. , Badia L. , Caraceni P. , Muratori P. , Vitale G. , Porro A. , Morotti M. , Mazzella G. , Andreone P. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryThe availability of direct‐acting antiviral agents (DAA) regimens has expanded the pool of patients eligible for treatment. However, data on the virologic response and tolerability of DAAs in elderly patients are lacking. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of DAAs in patients with advanced fibrosis/cirrhosis in real‐life practice with the focus on those aged ≥65 years. Between January and December 2015, all consecutive patients with HCV‐related advanced fibrosis/cirrhosis treated with DAA at eleven tertiary referral centres in Emilia Romagna (Italy) were enrolled. Regimen choice was based on viral genotype and stage of disease, according to guidelines. The primary end point was sustained virologic response 12 weeks after the end of treatment (SVR12). Overall, 282 of 556 (50.7%) patients evaluated were elderly, most of them with cirrhosis. Antiviral therapy was stopped prematurely in four (1.4%) patients. Two patients, both with cirrhosis, died during treatment due to worsening of liver/renal function. SVR12 was achieved by 94.7% and was comparable to that obtained in patients aged <65 (P=.074). Similar data were also reported in subgroup of patients aged ≥75 years. All patients with advanced fibrosis achieved virologic response. SVR12 was 80.8% in Child‐Pugh‐Turcotte (CTP)‐B cirrhosis and 95.4% in CTP‐A (P=.013). According to genotype, the SVR12 was achieved in 172 of 181 (95%) with genotype 1b cirrhosis and in 44 of 48 (91.7%) with genotype 2 cirrhosis. In conclusions, in a real‐world setting, DAAs are safe and effective in elderly patients with HCV‐related advanced fibrosis/cirrhosis, but SVR12 is lower with worsening CTP class.
Efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir/simeprevir plus flat dose ribavirin in genotype 1 elderly cirrhotic patients: A real‐life study
Authors: Pellicelli Adriano M. , Pace Palitti Valeria , Vignally Pascal , Ceccherini‐Silberstein Francesca , Siciliano Massimo , Giannelli Valerio , Moretti Alessandra , Tarquini Pierluigi , Scifo Gaetano , Messina Vincenzo , Ascione Antonio , Izzi Antonio , Marignani Massimo , D'Ambrosio Cecilia , Fondacaro Lucia , Ettorre Giuseppe M. , Ialongo Pasquale , Sacco Rodolfo , Perno Carlo F. , Barbarini Giorgio ,   the CLEO Group
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackground & AimsThe proportion of HCV‐infected patients over age 65 years in Western countries is increasing. This growth and the advent of new antiviral therapy bring into the question the real‐world efficacy and safety of the combination of sofosbuvir (SOF) and simeprevir (SMV) plus a flat dose of 800 mg/d ribavirin (RBV) in elderly patients with cirrhosis compared to younger patients.MethodsRetrospective observational multicentre real‐life investigation study of SOF/SMV/RBV for a duration of 12 weeks in HCV genotype 1‐infected patients with cirrhosis.ResultsOf the 270 patients enrolled in this study, with compensated cirrhosis, 133 (49.2%) were ≥65 years of age. Sustained virological response at 12 weeks (SVR12) was achieved by 94.2% (129/137) of those aged <65 years and 97.7% (130/133) of those ≥65 years. Diabetes was the most common comorbidity in patients ≥65 years compared to younger patients (26.3% vs 12.4% P<.003). The most common adverse event (AE) in elderly patients was a grade 2 anaemia (35.3% vs 19.9% P<.004).ConclusionsSofosbuvir/simeprevir plus a daily flat dose of RBV 800 mg for 12 weeks was highly effective and safe in genotype 1 elderly patients with compensated cirrhosis.