bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance of genomic selection under a single‐step approach in autochthonous Spanish beef cattle populations
Authors: Mouresan E.‐F. , Altarriba J. , Moreno C. , Munilla S. , González‐Rodríguez A. , Varona L. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryThis study evaluated different strategies for implementing a single‐step genomic selection programme in two autochthonous Spanish beef cattle populations (Pirenaica—Pi and Rubia Gallega—RG). The strategies were compared in terms of accuracy attained under different scenarios by simulating genomic data over the known genealogy. Several genotyping approaches were tested, as well as, other factors like marker density, effective population size, mutation rate and heritability of the trait. The results obtained showed gains in accuracy with respect to pedigree BLUP evaluation in all cases. The greatest benefit was obtained when the candidates to selection had their genotypes included in the evaluation. Moreover, genotyping the individuals with the most accurate predictions maximized the gains but other suboptimal strategies also yielded satisfactory results. Furthermore, the gains in accuracy increased with the marker density reaching a plateau at around 50,000 markers. Likewise, the effective population size and the mutation rate have also shown an effect, both increasing the accuracy with decreasing values of these population parameters. Finally, the results obtained for the RG population showed greater gains compared to the Pi population, probably attributed to the wider implantation of artificial insemination.
Cost‐effectiveness analysis of thermotherapy versus pentavalent antimonials for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis
Authors: Cardona‐Arias Jaiberth Antonio , López‐Carvajal Liliana , Tamayo Plata Mery Patricia , Vélez Iván Darío 
Published: February 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis is toxic, has contraindications, and a high cost. The objective of this study was to estimate the cost‐effectiveness of thermotherapy versus pentavalent antimonials for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis.MethodsEffectiveness was the proportion of healing and safety with the adverse effects; these parameters were estimated from a controlled clinical trial and a meta‐analysis. A standard costing was conducted. Average and incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios were estimated. The uncertainty regarding effectiveness, safety, and costs was determined through sensitivity analyses.ResultsThe total costs were $66,807 with Glucantime and $14,079 with thermotherapy. The therapeutic effectiveness rates were 64.2% for thermotherapy and 85.1% for Glucantime. The average cost‐effectiveness ratios ranged between $721 and $1275 for Glucantime and between $187 and $390 for thermotherapy. Based on the meta‐analysis, thermotherapy may be a dominant strategy.ConclusionThe excellent cost‐effectiveness ratio of thermotherapy shows the relevance of its inclusion in guidelines for the treatment.
Lineage‐Specific and Highly Derived Gene Sequences Among Amoebozoa, Revealed by the Comparative Analysis of Transcriptomes from Twelve Amoebozoan Species
Authors: Bondarenko Natalya I. , Bondarenko Anton S. , Smirnov Alexey V. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAmoebozoa represent a difficult group for traditional morphology‐based taxonomy. Molecular approaches, such as gene sequencing andDNAbarcoding have greatly enhanced our knowledge of the diversity of these organisms. However, metagenomic studies of Amoebozoa still did not provide as impressive results as they did among some other groups of protists. In environmentalDNAsurveys done on fragments ofSSU rDNAgene and other traditionalDNAbarcodes, Amoebozoa genes normally constitute a minor part of the total gene diversity and represent only the most abundant lineages. A potential way to resolve this problem is the usage ofDNAbarcodes based on genes, which are unique or highly derived in this group of organisms. In the present study, we attempted to find such genes and gene families with a low level of paralogy, potentially appropriate as Amoebozoa‐specificDNAbarcodes. For this we re‐assembled transcriptomes of 12 amoebozoan species available from the public databases and performed gene annotation and identification of orthologous genes. In our analysis Amoebozoa‐specific and highly derived sequences formed 53,182 clusters of orthologs, containing from 2 to 299 proteins each. Some of these genes may be a potential target forDNAbarcoding of Amoebozoa.
Morphology and Morphogenesis of a Novel Saline Soil Hypotrichous Ciliate, Gonostomum sinicum nov. spec. (Ciliophora, Hypotrichia, Gonostomatidae), Including a Report on the Small Subunit rDNA Sequence
Authors: Lu Xiaoteng , Huang Jie , Shao Chen , Al‐Farraj Saleh A. , Gao Shan 
Published: February 2017

AbstractMorphology, cirral pattern, and morphogenesis of the new saline soil hypotrich, Gonostomum sinicum nov. spec. collected from Longfeng Wetland in Daqing, north China, were studied, using detailed live observations and protargol‐stained specimens. The new species is characterized as follows: (i) a size in vivo of 100–125 × 30–40 μm, (ii) colorless cortical granules, 0.5 μm across, arranged in short rows, (iii) an adoral zone composed of 28–33 membranelles, (iv) three or four frontoventral rows, one of which extends onto the postoral area, (v) left and right marginal rows composed of 18–27 and 21–35, cirri, respectively, and (vi) usually two transverse cirri. Morphogenesis is as usual for the genus Gonostomum, i.e. the cirral primordia II–VI are primary primordia which split into two sets for proter and opisthe in division middle stages, except for anlage I which develops independently. However, the number of frontoventral transverse anlagen is either five or six not only in different individuals but even in proter and opisthe of the same divider. The phylogenetic analyses based on SSU rDNA sequences showed that the genus Gonostomum is nonmonophyletic, indicating that the patterns of cirri and dorsal kineties are homoplasious characters. The new species G. sinicum nov. spec. is perhaps closely related to Cotterillia bromelicola and two congeners.
Experimental Comparison of Efficacy for Three Handfeeding Techniques in Dementia
Authors: Batchelor‐Murphy Melissa K. , McConnell Eleanor S. , Amella Elaine J. , Anderson Ruth A. , Bales Connie W. , Silva Susan , Barnes Angel , Beck Cornelia , Colon‐Emeric Cathleen S. 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundNursing home (NH) residents who require assistance during mealtimes are at risk for malnutrition. Supportive handfeeding is recommended, yet there is limited evidence supporting use of a specific handfeeding technique to increase meal intake.ObjectivesTo compare efficacy of three handfeeding techniques for assisting NH residents with dementia with meals: Direct Hand (DH), Over Hand (OH), and Under Hand (UH).DesignA prospective pilot study using a within‐subjects experimental Latin square design with randomization to one of three handfeeding technique sequences.Setting and Participants30 residents living with advanced dementia in 11 U.S. NHs.MeasurementsTime required for assistance; meal intake (% eaten); and feeding behaviors, measured by the Edinburgh Feeding Evaluation in Dementia (EdFED) scale.InterventionResearch Assistants provided feeding assistance for 18 video‐recorded meals per resident (N = 540 meals). Residents were assisted with one designated technique for 6 consecutive meals, changing technique every 2 days.ResultsMean time spent providing meal assistance did not differ significantly between techniques. Mean meal intake was greater for DH (67 ± 15.2%) and UH (65 ± 15.0%) with both significantly greater than OH (60 ± 15.1%). Feeding behaviors were more frequent with OH (8.3 ± 1.8%), relative to DH (8.0 ± 1.8) and UH (7.7 ± 1.8).ConclusionAll three techniques are time neutral. UH and DH are viable options to increase meal intake among NH residents with advanced dementia and reduce feeding behaviors relative to OH feeding.
Oral Health and Incident Depressive Symptoms: JAGES Project Longitudinal Study in Older Japanese
Authors: Yamamoto Tatsuo , Aida Jun , Kondo Katsunori , Fuchida Shinya , Tani Yukako , Saito Masashige , Sasaki Yuri 
Published: February 2017

ObjectivesTo determine whether oral health status predicts depressive symptoms in older Japanese people.DesignLongitudinal study.SettingTwenty‐four municipalities in Japan.ParticipantsCommunity‐dwelling individuals aged 65 years and older who responded to mail surveys performed by the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study in 2010 and 2013 (N = 14,279).MeasurementsDepressive symptoms were assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Multiple imputations were used to deal with missing data. After excluding participants with depressive symptoms (GDS ≥ 5) at baseline, odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for incident depressive symptoms in 2013 were estimated using logistic regression models.ResultsAfter adjusting for sex, age, educational attainment, equivalized household income, marital status, present illness, exercise, frequency of going out, and visits for dental treatment, the following ORs (95% CIs) were observed in simultaneously added oral health variables: 10–19 teeth (OR 1.16, 95% CI 0.99–1.37, reference: ≥20 teeth); 1–9 teeth (1.14, 0.94–1.38, reference: ≥20 teeth); no teeth (1.28, 1.03–1.60, reference: ≥20 teeth); more difficulty chewing tough foods now than 6 months ago (1.24, 1.04–1.47); choking when drinking tea or soup (1.02, 0.84–1.23); feelings of thirst (1.17, 0.99–1.40); difficulty eating food (0.98, 0.80–1.21), difficulty speaking clearly (1.19, 0.89–1.60); problems with smiling (1.24, 0.94–1.65); problems with emotional stability (1.32, 0.86–2.04); and problems enjoying oneself around family, friends, or other people (0.86, 0.42–1.78).ConclusionThese findings suggest that having no teeth and oral health problems may play a role in the development or worsening of depressive symptoms.
Outcomes of Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery Versus Drug‐Eluting Stents in Older Adults
Authors: Chang Mineok , Lee Cheol Whan , Ahn Jung‐Min , Cavalcante Rafael , Sotomi Yohei , Onuma Yoshinobu , Park Duk‐Woo , Kang Soo‐Jin , Lee Seung‐Whan , Kim Young‐Hak , Park Seong‐Wook , Serruys Patrick W. , Park Seung‐Jung 
Published: February 2017

ObjectivesLittle data are available to compare coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) vs percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug‐eluting stents (DES) in older adults. We evaluate the long‐term outcomes of CABG vs PCI with DES in older adults with left main or multivessel coronary artery disease (CAD).DesignIndividual patient‐level meta‐analysis.SettingsDatabases from the BEST, PRECOMBAT, and SYNTAX trials were combined.ParticipantsA total 1,079 adults aged 70 to 89 years were pooled.MeasurementsThe primary outcome was a composite of death from any causes, myocardial infarction, stroke, or repeat revascularization.ResultsDuring a total of 6.3 (median, 4.9) years of follow‐up, the primary composite outcome of all‐cause mortality, myocardial infarction, stroke, or repeat revascularization occurred in 26% (141/550) and 34% (179/529) of patients in the CABG and PCI groups, respectively (hazard ratio (HR), 0.75; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.60–0.94; P = .012). CABG was associated with fewer myocardial infarction (4% vs 8% for PCI; HR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.29–0.80; P = .037); and repeat revascularizations (8% vs 17% for PCI; HR, 044; 95% CI, 0.31–0.64; P < .001), but had little association with all‐cause mortality or stroke.ConclusionOlder adults age 70 to 89 years with left main or multivessel CAD who participated in the BEST, PRECOMBAT, and SYNTAX trials; compared to PCI, CABG was associated with lower risk of primary outcome which was mostly driven by lower risk of myocardial infarction.
There is nothing wrong with being a nurse: The experiences of male nursing students in Taiwan
Authors: Yang Cheng‐I , Yu Hsing‐Yi , Chin Yen‐Fan , Lee Li‐Hung 
Published: February 2017

AimMale nurses are reported to experience role strain. Fear of gender stereotyping can be stressful and frustrating for male nursing students, which could make them feel isolated and excluded. The aim of this qualitative study was to investigate how male nursing students in Taiwan perceive the barriers to their experience as nursing students and how they manage these barriers in their study environment and social life.MethodsA qualitative research approach was used in this study. Data were collected during 2014 from 24 male nursing students from three nursing educational institutes in Taiwan who participated in order to share their experiences by using a semistructured interview. All the interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed by thematic analysis.ResultsThe main theme that described the experiences of the male nursing students in Taiwan was: “There is nothing wrong with being a male nurse.” Contrary to other studies, role strain for the participants was minimal. The students experienced some barriers because of being a male nursing student, both at school and in their social life. Most of these students tended to manage the barriers by developing positive thinking and coping strategies.ConclusionNursing educators are encouraged to use the findings from this study to provide appropriate support for male nursing students.
Monocytes, microglia, and CD200‐CD200R1 signaling are essential in the transmission of inflammation from the periphery to the central nervous system
Authors: Xie Xin , Luo Xiaoguang , Liu Na , Li Xiaohong , Lou Fan , Zheng Yumin , Ren Yan 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPeripheral inflammation is known to trigger neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative disease. However, the key components during the propagation of inflammation from the periphery to the central nervous system (CNS) remain unclear. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was administered to Sprague–Dawley rats to induce peripheral inflammation. An intravenous injection and an intranigral injection of clodronate liposomes were given to deplete monocytes and microglia, respectively. Recombinant CD200 fusion protein (CD200Fc) or an anti‐CD200R1 antibody was injected into the substantia nigra to manipulate the involvement of CD200 and CD200R1. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining were used to measure microglial activation and dopaminergic neuronal loss. The expression of brain pro‐inflammatory cytokines (i.e., tumor necrosis factor alpha, IL‐1β) and CD200‐CD200R1 signaling were measured by quantitative RT‐PCR. Our data showed that the peripheral LPS injection activated the microglia and induced an increase in the levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines (i.e., tumor necrosis factor alpha, IL‐1β). The depletion of either monocytes or microglia suppressed these inflammatory effects that were induced by peripheral LPS administration. The peripheral LPS injection increased the expression of CD200 and CD200R1 in the substantia nigra. Dopaminergic neuronal loss induced by the peripheral LPS injection was accelerated by the blockade of CD200‐CD200R1 signaling with an anti‐CD200R1 antibody and attenuated by intensifying the signaling with CD200Fc. These results highlight the importance of monocytes, microglia, and CD200‐CD200R1 signaling in the transmission of inflammation from the periphery to the CNS.
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Distinguishing Attachment and Affiliation in Early Adolescents’ Narrative Descriptions of Their Best Friendship
Authors: Martin Meredith J. , Davies Patrick T. , Cummings E. Mark 
Published: February 2017

This study was designed to test for specificity in the relationship between individual friendship provisions and adjustment across early adolescence. Using a narrative procedure, attachment (i.e., accessing care) and affiliation (i.e., forming cooperative partnerships) were found to be distinct functional themes organizing 293 adolescents’ (Mage = 13) internal representations of their best friendship across three annual measurement occasions. Longitudinal, cross‐lag analyses revealed a unique transactional relationship between friendship affiliation and greater social competence over time, controlling for friendship stability, maternal relationship quality, socioeconomic status, and gender. By contrast, friendship attachment predicted fewer subsequent internalizing symptoms from ages 14 to 15. Together, findings point to the importance of understanding individual differences in the content of adolescents’ internal representations of friendship.
Role of sleep and circadian disruption on energy expenditure and in metabolic predisposition to human obesity and metabolic disease
Authors: McHill A. W. , Wright K. P. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryWeight gain, obesity and diabetes have reached alarming levels in the developed world. Traditional risk factors such as over‐eating, poor nutritional choices and lack of exercise cannot fully account for the high prevalence of metabolic disease. This review paper examines the scientific evidence on two novel risk factors that contribute to dys‐regulated metabolic physiology: sleep disruption and circadian misalignment. Specifically, fundamental relationships between energy metabolism and sleep and circadian rhythms and the impact of sleep and circadian disruption on metabolic physiology are examined. Millions of individuals worldwide do not obtain sufficient sleep for healthy metabolic function, and many participate in shift work and social activities at times when the internal physiological clock is promoting sleep. These behaviours predispose an individual for poor metabolic health by promoting excess caloric intake in response to reduced sleep, food intake at internal biological times when metabolic physiology is not prepared, decreased energy expenditure when wakefulness and sleep are initiated at incorrect internal biological times, and disrupted glucose metabolism during short sleep and circadian misalignment. In addition to the traditional risk factors of poor diet and exercise, disturbed sleep and circadian rhythms represent modifiable risk factors for prevention and treatment of metabolic disease and for promotion of healthy metabolism.
Tackling obesity at the community level by integrating healthy diet, movement and non‐movement behaviours
Authors: Tremblay A. , Lachance É. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryThe increase in obesity prevalence over the last decades has generally been attributed to suboptimal macronutrient diet composition and insufficient physical activities. However, recent literature has revealed that other environmental factors contribute to the positive energy balance that underlies body‐weight gain and should be considered in efforts to tackle obesity. As discussed in this paper, it also appears that successful obesity management could not happen without actions at a community level that would ultimately impact energy balance. These measures generally include a better use of the school environment to promote healthy behaviours. Furthermore, in a foreseeable future, communities will probably have to consider sustainable development in their list of criteria deserving attention in the global management of obesity.
Smart approaches for assessing free‐living energy expenditure following identification of types of physical activity
Authors: Plasqui G. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryAccurate assessment of physical activity and energy expenditure has been a research focus for many decades. A variety of wearable sensors have been developed to objectively capture physical activity patterns in daily life. These sensors have evolved from simple pedometers to tri‐axial accelerometers, and multi sensor devices measuring different physiological constructs. The current review focuses on how activity recognition may help to improve daily life energy expenditure assessment. A brief overview is given about how different sensors have evolved over time to pave the way for recognition of different activity types. Once the activity is recognized together with the intensity of the activity, an energetic value can be attributed. This concept can then be tested in daily life using the independent reference technique doubly labeled water. So far, many studies have been performed to accurately identify activity types, and some of those studies have also successfully translated this into energy expenditure estimates. Most of these studies have been performed under standardized conditions, and the true applicability in daily life has rarely been addressed. The results so far however are highly promising, and technological advancements together with newly developed algorithms based on physiological constructs will further expand this field of research.
Nutrition, movement and sleep behaviours: their interactions in pathways to obesity and cardiometabolic diseases
Authors: Dulloo A. G. , Miles‐Chan J. L. , Montani J.‐P. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryAmong the multitude of dietary and lifestyle behaviours that have been proposed to contribute to the obesity epidemic, those that have generated considerable research scrutiny in the past decade are centred upon sleep behaviours, sedentary behaviours (sitting or lying while awake) and diminished low‐level physical activities of everyday life, with each category of behaviours apparently presenting an independent risk for obesity and/or cardiometabolic diseases. These behaviours are highly complex, operate in synergy with each other, disrupt the link between regulation of the circadian clock and metabolic physiology and impact on various components of daily energy expenditure and feeding behaviours to promote obesity and hinder the outcome of obesity therapy. As such, this behavioural triad (nutrition, movement and sleep) presents plenty of scope for intervention and optimization in the context of body weight regulation and lifestyle‐related disease prevention. It is against this background that recent advances relevant to the theme of ‘Nutrition, Movement & Sleep Behaviors: their interactions in pathways to obesity and cardiometabolic diseases’ are addressed in this overview and the nine review articles in this supplement reporting the proceedings of the 8th Fribourg Obesity Research Conference.
Tomato photorespiratory glycolate‐oxidase‐derived H2O2 production contributes to basal defence against Pseudomonas syringae
Authors: Ahammed Golam Jalal , Li Xin , Zhang Guanqun , Zhang Huan , Shi Junying , Pan Caizhe , Yu Jingquan , Shi Kai 
Published: February 2017

AbstractDespite being essential for C3 plants, photorespiration is believed to cause a significant crop yield loss even under future climates. However, how photorespiration affects plant basal defence still remains largely unknown. Here, we studied the involvement of photorespiration in tomato–Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 interaction focusing on three photorespiratory genes. Inoculation with P. syringae increased photorespiration rate (Pr) and expression of glycolate oxidase (GOX2), serine glyoxylate aminotransferase (SGT) and serine hydroxyl methyltransferase (SHMT1); however, inhibition of photorespiration by isonicotinic acid hydrazide decreased tomato basal defence against P. syringae. Furthermore, silencing of GOX2, SGT or SHMT1 genes in tomato decreased Pr but increased susceptibility to P. syringae, whereas transient overexpression of GOX2, SGT or SHMT1 in tobacco increased basal defence. Further study revealed that salicylic acid (SA) signalling is involved in GOX2‐mediated, SGT‐mediated and SHMT1‐mediated defence. Moreover, H2O2 pretreatment remarkably alleviated the GOX2 silencing‐induced depression in basal defence and SA signalling, whereas it had no effect on that of SGT‐silenced and SHMT1‐silenced plants. Taken together, these results suggest that H2O2 is critical for GOX2‐modulated but not SGT‐modulated or SHMT1‐modulated SA signalling and subsequent basal defence against P. syringae. This work deepens the understanding of photorespiration‐involved defence responses to bacterial attack in plants.