bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adenomatoid odontogenic tumour: A rare mandibular presentation
Authors: Perks A.C. , Adam S. , Ahad S.A. , Patel M. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAdenomatoid odontogenic tumours (AOT) are uncommon, benign tumours that account for about 2–7% of all odontogenic tumours. There is a strong predilection to be found in the maxilla, and predominantly in young females. In this case, we report an unusual finding of an adenomatoid odontogenic tumour in the anterior mandible of a 13‐year‐old male patient. We discuss the radiographic and histological findings, in addition to the surgical management. The AOT is commonly mistaken for a dentigerous cyst, hence the importance of histopathological examination is emphasised. Furthermore, this case report will refresh practitioners on the differential diagnosis of AOT when dealing with lesions of the jaw.
Effect of 90° counterclockwise rotation of the endotracheal tube on its advancement through the larynx during nasal fiberoptic intubation in children: a randomized and blinded study
Authors: Choudhry Dinesh K. , Brenn B. Randall , Lutwin‐Kawalec Malgorzata , Sacks Karen , Nesargi Susmita , He Zhaoping 
Published: January 2016

SummaryBackgroundResistance to the passage of the endotracheal tube (ETT) is frequently encountered in children as it is advanced over the fiberoptic scope for placement into the trachea because it gets hung up at the laryngeal inlet. Literature in adults indicates that a 90° counterclockwise rotation (CCR) of the ETT before advancing results in smooth passage. We found no literature in children.ObjectivesOur aim was to study if a 90° counterclockwise rotation (CCR) of the ETT before advancement leads to smooth passage of the ETT into the larynx in children.MethodsFollowing IRB approval, we performed this study in two parts: Part 1: An unblinded, observational, pilot study on 20 children scheduled for oral rehabilitation where we concurrently used a fiberoptic scope nasally and GlideScope orally. We visualized the ETT path and observed that 90° CCR allowed smooth passage without hang up. Part 2: A blinded and randomized study on 40 children to confirm if 90° CCR from the outset would improve passage of the ETT during nasal intubation with a fiberoptic scope in children. All children were divided into two groups: group S, ETT bevel facing left; group R, ETT bevel facing down.ResultsIn Part 1, we observed that the ETT got hung up in 57% of children with standard bevel direction (facing left) and in 0% of children when prerotated. In Part 2, efficacy of prerotation was confirmed; the ETT got hung up in 50% of children in group S but in only 10.5% of children in group R.ConclusionA change in ETT tip orientation from bevel facing left to facing down by 90° CCR, leads to a significantly higher first‐attempt success rate by nasal approach in children. We believe the ETT should be rotated before insertion into the nostril to ensure that full 90° CCR of the tip has been accomplished.
Usefulness of stroke volume variation to assess blood volume during blood removal for autologous blood transfusion in pediatric patients
Authors: Tadokoro Takahiro , Kakinohana Manabu , Fukumoto Chihiro , Kawabata Tetsuya , Yoza Kouji 
Published: January 2016

SummaryBackgroundDynamic variables based on the heart–lung interaction induced by positive pressure ventilation have not been shown to be useful in assessing cardiac preload in pediatric patients.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether stroke volume variation (SVV) obtained from the FloTrac/VigileoTM monitoring system can reflect a change in blood volume during the blood removal and fluid replacement protocol in acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH).MethodsSixteen pediatric patients scheduled for elective cranioplasty were recruited. In the ANH protocol, 10 ml·kg−1 blood removal and fluid replacement were performed. SVV, heart rate, mean blood pressure, and femoral venous pressure were recorded. Differences at four time points (T0: baseline, T1: 5 ml·kg−1 blood loss, T2: 10 ml·kg−1 blood loss, and T3: after fluid replacement) during ANH were compared. The blood volume (EBV) was estimated as 70 ml·kg−1 at T0 and decreased to 60 ml·kg−1 at T2.ResultsOf the 16 patients, four were excluded and 12 were analyzed. Significant differences in all of the parameters were observed between each time point. The SVV significantly increased after the blood removal and decreased after the fluid replacement (P < 0.01, Bonferroni adjustment). In addition, the increases in SVV during the blood removal, T0–T1 and T0–T2, were 70% ± 40% and 159% ± 91%, respectively. SVV showed a significant correlation with EBV during the blood removal in ANH (rs = −0.68, 95% confidence interval −0.73 to −0.63, P < 0.001).ConclusionStroke volume variation obtained from the FloTrac/VigileoTM monitoring system revealed a strong correlation with EBV during ANH without surgical stimulation. The usefulness of this device as an indicator of cardiac preload under hypovolemic or normovolemic conditions in children during surgery remains to be determined.
Postoperative pain control with paravertebral catheters after pediatric total pancreatectomy and islet autotransplantation: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Hutchins Jacob , Castro Chandra , Wang Qi , Chinnakotla Srinath 
Published: January 2016

SummaryBackgroundTotal pancreatectomy and islet autotransplantation (TPIAT) has been used to treat pediatric patients with chronic pancreatitis. The primary symptom of this disease is extreme poorly controlled pain. This results in significant alterations in the quality of life of the patient. We sought to determine if the addition of bilateral thoracic paravertebral catheters with continuous ropivacaine infusion would improve postoperative opioid use and pain control.MethodsThe medical records of 32 patients who underwent TPIAT from March 2011 to July 2014 were analyzed retrospectively (15 without paravertebral catheters and 17 with paravertebral catheters). Maximum and minimum pain scores, opioid use (mg·kg−1·day−1), percent opioid use above baseline, length of stay, and complications were recorded.ResultsThose patients who had bilateral thoracic paravertebral catheters had decreased total opioid use in the first 7 days postoperatively when compared to those who did not (612 (95% CI: 432–792) vs 943.7 (95% CI: 650–1237) mg of morphine equivalents; P = 0.043). The total opioid use remained significantly decreased when corrected for weight (12.53 (95% CI: 9.19–15.44) vs 18.85 (95% CI: 13.69–24.03) mg·kg−1 of morphine equivalents; P = 0.03). In addition, those on preoperative opioids had less percent opioid use above baseline on postoperative days 1, 2, and 7 as well as decreased opioid use (mg·kg−1·day−1) on postoperative days 1, 2, 3, and 7. There were no differences in complications or length of stay.ConclusionsBilateral paravertebral catheters may provide decreased opioid use and improved postoperative pain control after TPIAT.
Preoperative evaluation and comprehensive risk assessment for children with Down syndrome
Authors: Lewanda Amy Feldman , Matisoff Andrew , Revenis Mary , Harahsheh Ashraf , Futterman Craig , Nino Gustavo , Greenberg Jay , Myseros John S. , Rosenbaum Kenneth N. , Summar Marshall 
Published: January 2016

SummaryDown syndrome is a common chromosome disorder affecting all body systems. This creates unique physiologic concerns that can affect safety during anesthesia and surgery. Little consensus exists, however, on the best way to evaluate children with Down syndrome in preparation for surgery. We review a number of salient topics affecting these children in the perioperative period, including cervical spine instability, cardiovascular abnormalities, pulmonary hypertension, upper airway obstruction, hematologic disturbances, prematurity, low birth weight, and the use of supplements and alternative therapies. Recommendations include obtaining a complete blood count to detect an increased risk for bleeding or stroke, and cardiology evaluation to identify patients with pulmonary hypertension, as well as undiagnosed or residual heart disease. Pediatric cardiac anesthesiologists and intensivists should be involved as needed. The potential for cervical spine instability should be considered, and the anesthesiologist may wish to have several options available both for the medications and equipment used. The child's family should always be asked if he or she is on any nutritional supplements, as some products marketed to families may have secondary effects such as inhibition of platelet function. Using this evaluation in presurgical planning will allow physicians to better consider the individual circumstances for their patients with Down syndrome. Our goal was to optimize patient safety by choosing the most appropriate setting and perioperative personnel, and to mitigate those risk factors amenable to intervention.
Libertarianism, the Rollback Argument, and the Objective Probability of Free Choices
Authors: Furlong Peter 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIt is widely assumed that candidates for free, undetermined choices must have objective probabilities prior to their performance. Indeed although this premise figures prominently in a widely discussed argument against libertarianism, few libertarians have called it into question. In this article, I will investigate whether libertarians ought to reject it. I will conclude that doing so should not be tempting to event‐causal libertarians or most agent‐causal ones, because the added costs outweigh the benefits.
Russell's Revenge: A Problem for Bivalent Fregean Theories of Descriptions
Authors: Heylen Jan 
Published: January 2016

AbstractFregean theories of descriptions as terms have to deal with improper descriptions. To save bivalence various proposals have been made that involve assigning referents to improper descriptions. While bivalence is indeed saved, there is a price to be paid. Instantiations of the same general scheme, viz. the one and only individual that is F and G is G, are not only allowed but even required to have different truth values.
Objective assessment of sleep status and its correlates in hospitalized children with cancer: Exploratory study
Authors: Setoyama Ami , Ikeda Mari , Kamibeppu Kiyoko 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundChildren with cancer are known to have sleep problems. Although hospitalization and psychosocial factors are considered to be the factors affecting children's sleep, few studies have confirmed these effects. The aims of this study were to describe the sleep status of hospitalized children with cancer and to explore the correlates.MethodsThe sleep status of 11 hospitalized children (aged 2–12 years) with cancer was measured using actigraph and sleep diary during hospitalization and a short home stay. Possible correlates were assessed using a questionnaire.ResultsThe participants had significantly longer sleep onset latency, earlier bedtime, and poorer self‐evaluated sleep quality during hospitalization than the short home stay. They had shorter total sleep time, longer wake time after sleep onset, and less sleep efficiency at home, compared with healthy historical controls. Children's age, symptoms, hospitalization period, Cognitive Fatigue, Procedural Anxiety, Treatment Anxiety, Social Anxiety, and Separation Anxiety, as well as caregiver anxiety, Receptive and Focused Attitude, and Regimented Attitude were significantly correlated with sleep variables.ConclusionsHospitalization decreased self‐evaluated sleep quality, and difficulty falling asleep. The sleep of the participants at home was disturbed compared with that of healthy children. Hospitalization, patient characteristics, disease‐related, and some psychosocial factors were associated with sleep variables. Medical professionals should develop a favorable environment for falling asleep in hospital for individual children. Children with cancer in the early period of hospitalization need increased care to facilitate good sleep.
Invasive candidiasis in liver transplant patients: Incidence and risk factors in a pediatric cohort
Authors: De Luca M. , Green M. , Symmonds J. , Klieger S. B. , Soltys K. , Fisher B. T. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractProlonged OR, re‐transplantation, and high‐volume intraoperative transfusion have been associated with increased risk for IC in adult LT recipients. Antifungal prophylaxis is recommended for adult patients with these risk factors. There are limited data on the incidence of and risk factors for IC in pediatric LT recipients. A retrospective cohort study of all pediatric LT patients at the CHOP between 2000 and 2012 and the CHP between 2004 and 2012 was performed to define the incidence of IC within 30 days of LT. A 3:1 matched case–control study with incidence density sampling was performed. Conditional logistic regression analyses were used to explore risk factors associated with IC. Among 397 recipients, the incidence of IC was 2.5%. Bivariate analyses showed that ICU admission prior to transplant, OR > 10 h, intraoperative volume infusion of >300 mL/kg, and broad‐spectrum antibiotics were significantly associated with IC. In a multivariate model, only ICU admission remained significantly associated with IC. Antifungal prophylaxis was not significantly protective against IC. The low incidence of IC and lack of an identified protective effect from antifungal prophylaxis suggest that prophylaxis in pediatric LT recipients should not be routinely recommended to prevent IC events in the first 30 days post‐transplant.
Governing Small‐Town America Today: The Promise and Dilemma of Dense Networks
Authors: Catlaw Thomas J. , Stout Margaret 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis essay examines the governance of small towns in the United States. Small towns have received little attention in the public administration literature to date, yet 1 in 10 Americans still lives in one, representing roughly 75 percent of all municipalities in the United States and some 33 million people. Small towns are characterized as dense, multiplex networks that lend unique dynamics to local politics. However, they face significant social, economic, technological, and demographic trends that compromise towns’ prevailing frame of reference, fracture their networks, and alter the traditional setting of small‐town governance. In the face of these issues, “thicker,” more active ways of engaging the public are needed to reknit community bonds and build civic capacity. Service learning for master of public administration students is proposed as a way to develop the emotional intelligence necessary to make sense of the complex social dynamics of small towns and to facilitate the hard work of building enabling relationships.
Systematics of the Neotropical braconid wasps of the Pedinotus genus group (Doryctinae)
Authors: SAMACÁ‐SÁENZ ERNESTO , BELOKOBYLSKIJ SERGEY A. , QUICKE DONALD L. J. , ZALDÍVAR‐RIVERÓN ALEJANDRO 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe braconid subfamily Doryctinae (Hymenoptera) is a cosmopolitan, species‐rich group of parasitoid wasps whose known species richness and morphological diversity is mainly concentrated in the Neotropical region. Among the doryctine taxa that are endemic to this region, there is a group of six genera (the Pedinotus genus group) that are mainly characterized by having lateral, posteriorly converging or subparallel grooves on the second metasomal tergite (including Gymnobracon Szépligeti, Hybodoryctes Szépligeti, Lamquetia Braet et van Achterberg, Osmophila Szépligeti, Pedinotus Szépligeti and Trigonophasmus Enderlein). Most of these genera were described more than a century ago, and thus their limits and diagnostic morphological features are not well defined. We present an analysis of the phylogenetic relationships among various representative species of five of the six genera belonging to the Pedinotus genus group based on one mitochondrial (cytochrome oxidase I) and two nuclear (28S, Wingless) gene markers. We also estimated the timing of origin and diversification within the group and investigated the external morphology of the genera involved in order to determine reliable identification characters. The group as a whole, whilst being recovered as monophyletic with the inclusion of Acanthorhogas Szépligeti, was not statistically supported. However, the respective monophyly of all of the morphologically supported genera are confirmed, as are the intergeneric relationships (Gymnobracon, Trigonophasmus) ((Acanthorhogas, Osmophila) (Lamquetia, Pedinotus)). We propose that the pattern of sublateral grooves or depressions appears to be a useful systematic character for recognition of an endemic Neotropical radiation that could have originated c. 41–27 Ma. We redescribe six of the seven genera that we recognize for the Pedinotus genus group and provide a key to enable their identification.
The impact of medical student surgical conferences
Authors: Al Omran Yasser , Chandrakumar Charmilie , Jawad Ali , Ahmed Shafi , Ghanem Ali M 
Published: January 2016

SummaryBackgroundRecent reports have shown that in the UK there has been a decrease in interest towards pursuing a surgical career, whereas early exposure to surgery may increase interest. We aimed to assess the effect of a 1‐day medical school surgical conference in encouraging attendees to pursue a surgical career.MethodsAll attendees of the 2014 Barts and The London National Undergraduate Surgical conference were invited to participate in an online survey. Data were collected and analysed to evaluate students’ reasons for attending the conference, and attitudes to careers in surgery before and after the conference.ResultsOf 229 students, 130 (56.8%) completed the survey. Year‐12 high‐school and preclinical medical students showed a statistically significant difference in interest in pursuing a surgical career after the conference than before it (p = 0.0002 and p = 0.0027, respectively), but clinical medical students demonstrated no such change.ConclusionAttendance at surgical conferences designed for medical students can significantly increase the desire of high‐school students and preclinical medical students to pursue a surgical career, but may not have the same effect for clinical medical students. Surgical conferences may act as an effective means of recruiting students towards choosing a surgical career for a certain subset of students.
Improved continuity of care in a resident clinic
Authors: Butler Melissa , Kim Hyungkoo , Sansone Randy 
Published: January 2016

SummaryBackgroundFor residents in the out‐patient clinic, continuity in patient care is an integral and vital aspect of internal medicine training, but is frequently compromised by resident in‐patient schedules, the structure of the out‐patient clinic and the need to comply with the increasing regulation of duty hours.MethodIn this study, we examined whether the creation and implementation of a new team approach, the Firms Model, would improve the continuity of patient care in the internal medicine resident out‐patient clinic.ResultsBefore the implementation of the Firms Model, an examination of a consecutive clinic sample indicated that patients were seen by their assigned resident providers 41.9 per cent of the time (n = 1319 clinic visits). After implementation of the Firms Model, an examination of a consecutive clinic sample indicated that patients were seen by their assigned Firm resident providers 88.9 per cent of the time (n = 1341 clinic visits).ConclusionImplementation of the Firms Model resulted in a statistically significant increase in the percentage of patients seen by assigned resident providers in an internal medicine out‐patient clinic, culminating in a substantial improvement in continuity of care within our resident out‐patient clinic. We discuss the implications of these findings.Continuity in patient care is an integral and vital aspect of internal medicine training, but is frequently compromised
Is There Evidence for a Mixture of Processes in Speed‐Accuracy Trade‐Off Behavior?
Authors: van Maanen Leendert 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe speed‐accuracy trade‐off (SAT) effect refers to the behavioral trade‐off between fast yet error‐prone respones and accurate but slow responses. Multiple theories on the cognitive mechanisms behind SAT exist. One theory assumes that SAT is a consequence of strategically adjusting the amount of evidence required for overt behaviors, such as perceptual choices. Another theory hypothesizes that SAT is the consequence of the mixture of multiple categorically different cognitive processes. In this paper, these theories are disambiguated by assessing whether the fixed‐point property of mixture distributions holds, in both simulations and data. I conclude that, at least for perceptual decision making, there is no evidence for a mixture of different cognitive processes to trade off accuracy of responding for speed.
Antibodies to human neutrophil antigen HNA‐4b implicated in a case of neonatal alloimmune neutropenia
Authors: Mraz G.A. , Crighton G.L. , Christie D.J. 
Published: January 2016

BACKGROUNDMaternal alloantibodies directed against human neutrophil antigens (HNAs) can cause moderate‐severe neutropenia in the newborn in a condition known as neonatal alloimmune neutropenia (NAIN). Neonates with NAIN can present with sepsis or be asymptomatic. NAIN has previously been reported as caused by antibodies against HNA‐1a, ‐1b, and ‐1c; CD16b, ‐2, ‐3a, ‐4a, and ‐5a; and HLA, but not by antibodies against HNA‐4b. We report a case of NAIN due to anti‐ HNA‐4b alloimmunization in a term neonate.CASE REPORTAn infant with persistent and marked neutropenia was suspected of having neonatal alloimmune neutropenia. Blood samples from both parents were investigated for HNA and HLA incompatibilities by molecular typing techniques and the mother for the presence of HNA and HLA antibodies by serologic techniques.RESULTSInitial results indicated the presence of granulocyte antibodies in the maternal serum, the specificity of which were shown to be anti‐HNA‐4b. Subsequently, the mother was genotyped as HNA‐4b negative and the father as heterozygous HNA‐4ab. The child was shown to have inherited the incompatible HNA‐4b allele.CONCLUSIONWe have demonstrated the first case of NAIN due to maternal alloimmunization against HNA‐4b, pending ratification by the International Granulocyte Immunobiology Workshop.
Abnormal coagulation factor VIII transcript in a Tennessee Walking Horse colt with hemophilia A
Authors: Norton Elaine M. , Wooldridge Anne A. , Stewart Allison J. , Cusimano Layla , Schwartz Dean D. , Johnson Calvin M. , Boudreaux Mary K. , Christopherson Pete W. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractHemophilia A is an X‐chromosome‐linked disorder caused by a deficiency in factor VIII (FVIII). Although foals have been diagnosed with hemophilia A based on deficiency in FVIII activity, causative gene mutations have not been identified. The genomic DNA and cDNA encoding FVIII of a Tennesee Walking Horse colt affected with hemophilia A and the genomic DNA of his dam and a normal unrelated horse were analyzed with no splice site or coding sequence abnormalities identified in any of the horses. Polymerase chain reactions (PCR) were then performed on hepatic cDNA from the affected colt and an unrelated normal horse, and no product was obtained for the sequence between and including exon 1 and exon 2 in the affected colt. Based on these results, suspected mutations were identified in the noncoding region of FVIII (intron 1), and genomic sequencing of intron 1 in the dam and the affected colt suggested maternal inheritance.