bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy Promotes Osteoblastogenesis and Prevents Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis
Authors: Sui Bingdong , Hu Chenghu , Zhang Xinyi , Zhao Pan , He Tao , Zhou Cuihong , Qiu Xinyu , Chen Nan , Zhao Xinyi , Jin Yan 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Gene-modified mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-like cells with enhanced bone marrow homing and osteogenesis have been used in treating glucocorticoid-induced murine osteoporosis (GIOP). Recent preclinical studies have further demonstrated the immunomodulatory and anticatabolic potential of allogeneic MSCs in treating osteoporosis under inflammatory and autoimmune conditions. In this study, we investigated whether systemic infusion of allogeneic MSCs without genetic manipulation could prevent GIOP, whether anabolic and anticatabolic effects existed, and whether homing or immunomodulation underlay the putative therapeutic effects. Allogeneic bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMMSCs) were isolated, identified, and systemically infused into mice treated with excessive dexamethasone. We revealed that allogeneic MSC transplantation prevented the reduction of bone mass and strength in GIOP. Bone histomorphometric analyses of bone remodeling demonstrated the maintenance of bone formation and osteoblast survival after MSC therapy. Using green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled BMMSCs, we showed that donor BMMSCsGFP homed and inhabited recipient bone marrow for at least 4 weeks and prevented recipient bone marrow cell apoptosis, as shown by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling. Furthermore, donor BMMSCsGFP committed to Osterix (Osx)+ osteoblast progenitors and induced recipient osteoblastogenesis, as exhibited by GFP-Osx double-labeling immunofluorescence analysis. No anticatabolic effects or systemic immunomodulatory effects of infused BMMSCs were detected. These findings demonstrated that allogeneic MSC therapy prevented GIOP by inhabiting and functioning in recipient bone marrow, which promoted osteoblastogenesis, which in turn maintained bone formation. Our findings provide important information regarding cell-based anabolic therapy for GIOP and uncover MSC behaviors following the homing event.

Significance
This study revealed the therapeutic potential of systemically infused, genetically unmodified allogeneic MSCs in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. The donor MSCs inhabited recipient bone marrow and promoted osteoblastogenesis. The therapeutic effects were based on maintenance of bone formation. These results provide important information regarding cell-based anabolic therapy for glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis and uncover previously unrecognized mesenchymal stem cell behaviors following a homing event. The current study also indicates that minimizing the time of cell culture confers an advantage for increasing transplanted mesenchymal stem cells to the targeted organ to promote therapeutic effects.
Clinical Relevance and Mechanisms of Antagonism Between the BMP and Activin/TGF-β Signaling Pathways
Authors: Hudnall Aaron M. , Arthur Jon W. , Lowery Jonathan W. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily is a large group of signaling molecules that participate in embryogenesis, organogenesis, and tissue homeostasis. These molecules are present in all animal genomes. Dysfunction in the regulation or activity of this superfamily’s components underlies numerous human diseases and developmental defects. There are 2 distinct arms downstream of the TGF-β superfamily ligands—the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and activin/TGF-β signaling pathways—and these 2 responses can oppose one another’s effects, most notably in disease states. However, studies have commonly focused on a single arm of the TGF-β superfamily, and the antagonism between these pathways is unknown in most physiologic and pathologic contexts. In this review, the authors summarize the clinically relevant scenarios in which the BMP and activin/TGF-β pathways reportedly oppose one another and identify several molecular mechanisms proposed to mediate this interaction. Particular attention is paid to experimental findings that may be informative to human pathology to highlight potential therapeutic approaches for future investigation.
Management of Cesarean Deliveries and Cesarean Scars With Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment: A Brief Report
Authors: Martingano Daniel 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Cesarean scars pose a unique set of risks for women who have had previous cesarean deliveries. Between 1996 and 2007, the rate of trial of labor after previous cesarean delivery increased, along with reported rates of uterine rupture and other complications. Consequently, trial of labor after previous cesarean delivery and resultant vaginal birth after cesarean delivery have decreased and cesarean delivery has increased. With nearly one-third of women having cesarean delivery, the rate of rare complications such as cesarean scar ectopic pregnancy has also increased. An integration of osteopathic manipulative treatment techniques into the management of cesarean deliveries and cesarean scars has yet to be defined. The author presents 4 cases of cesarean delivery in which osteopathic manipulative treatment was integrated with successful outcomes.
Quick-low-density parity check and dynamic threshold voltage optimization in 1X nm triple-level cell NAND flash memory with comprehensive analysis of endurance, retention-time, and temperature variation
Authors: Doi Masafumi , Tokutomi Tsukasa , Hachiya Shogo , Kobayashi Atsuro , Tanakamaru Shuhei , Ning Sheyang , Iwasaki Tomoko Ogura , Takeuchi Ken 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
NAND flash memory’s reliability degrades with increasing endurance, retention-time and/or temperature. After a comprehensive evaluation of 1X nm triple-level cell (TLC) NAND flash, two highly reliable techniques are proposed. The first proposal, quick low-density parity check (Quick-LDPC), requires only one cell read in order to accurately estimate a bit-error rate (BER) that includes the effects of temperature, write and erase (W/E) cycles and retention-time. As a result, 83% read latency reduction is achieved compared to conventional AEP-LDPC. Also, W/E cycling is extended by 100% compared with conventional Bose–Chaudhuri–Hocquenghem (BCH) error-correcting code (ECC). The second proposal, dynamic threshold voltage optimization (DVO) has two parts, adaptive V
Ref shift (AVS) and V
TH space control (VSC). AVS reduces read error and latency by adaptively optimizing the reference voltage (V
Ref) based on temperature, W/E cycles and retention-time. AVS stores the optimal V
Ref’s in a table in order to enable one cell read. VSC further improves AVS by optimizing the voltage margins between V
TH states. DVO reduces BER by 80%.
Multiscale approach to (micro)porosity quantification in continental spring carbonate facies: Case study from the Cakmak quarry (Denizli, Turkey)
Authors: De Boever Eva , Foubert Anneleen , Oligschlaeger Dirk , Claes Steven , Soete Jeroen , Bertier Pieter , Özkul Mehmet , Virgone Aurélien , Swennen Rudy 
Published: July 2016

AbstractCarbonate spring deposits gained renewed interest as potential contributors to subsurface reservoirs and as continental archives of environmental changes. In contrast to their fabrics, petrophysical characteristics – and especially the importance of microporosity (< 1µm) – are less understood. This study presents the combination of advanced petrophysical and imaging techniques to investigate the pore network characteristics of three, common and widespread spring carbonate facies, as exposed in the Pleistocene Cakmak quarry (Denizli, Turkey): the extended Pond, the dipping crystalline Proximal Slope Facies and the draping Apron and Channel Facies deposits formed by encrustation of biological substrate. Integrating mercury injection capillary pressure, bulk and diffusion Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), NMR profiling and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) measurements with microscopy and micro‐computer tomography (µ‐CT), shows that NMR T2 distributions systematically display a single group of micro‐sized pore bodies, making up between 6 and 33% of the pore space (average NMR T2 cut‐off value: 62 ms). Micropore bodies are systematically located within cloudy crystal cores of granular and dendritic crystal textures in all facies. The investigated properties therefore do not reveal differences in micropore size or shape with respect to more or less biology‐associated facies. The pore network of the travertine facies is distinctive in terms of (i) the percentage of microporosity, (ii) the connectivity of micropores with meso‐ to macropores, and (ii) the degree of heterogeneity at micro‐ and macroscale. Results show that an approach involving different NMR experiments provided the most complete view on the 3‐D pore network especially when microporosity and connectivity are of interest.
Direct injection of water vapor into the stratosphere by volcanic eruptions
Authors: Sioris Christopher E. , Malo Alain , McLinden Chris A. , D'Amours Real 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWhile theoretical studies show that water vapor (WV) can be directly injected into the stratosphere during a volcanic eruption, few observations of such a phenomenon exist. The Microwave Limb Sounder observed stratospheric injection of WV following the 2015 Calbuco eruption. Lower stratospheric mixing ratios exceeded 10 ppmv for a few days downwind of the injection location. Plume transport is confirmed by back trajectory modeling. Due to the short duration and limited spatial extent of the enhancement, climatic impact is expected to be negligible. This letter provides spatiotemporal analysis of a volcanogenic pulse of lower stratospheric WV as it dispersed. The inferred mass of stratospheric WV from this eruption of 2 megaton (Mt) and the rapid evanescence of the enhancement are similar to what has been observed for other eruptions, suggesting that injection by moderately explosive eruptions is not an effective mechanism for large‐scale stratospheric hydration.
Principles of Topical Therapy
Authors: Berth‐Jones John 
Published: July 2016

AbstractDermatologists have the good fortune to work on the most accessible organ of the body. Many inflammatory and neoplastic conditions can be effectively managed using the wide range of locally applied physical or pharmacological modalities that are available. The latter are the subject of this chapter, which reviews the pharmacological treatments used topically, i.e. by application to the surface of the skin. Some of these are time‐honoured treatments that have been used for a century or more, whilst others belong to the ever‐expanding range of newer and increasingly potent agents constantly being developed and formulated for topical use. Topical treatment offers the potential to achieve high concentrations of a drug in the skin with minimal exposure of other organs. This can greatly increase efficacy and also safety relative to systemic administration. When side effects do occur, they are most likely to take the form of localized reactions.
Urticaria
Authors: Grattan Clive E. H. , Marsland Alexander M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractUrticaria is a disease characterized by itchy weals, angioedema or both. It may be spontaneous or inducible, depending upon its pattern, and acute or chronic, depending on its duration. All types of urticaria are due to the release of histamine and other mediators from mast cell degranulation. The cause of the degranulation is often unknown but may be allergic (acute or contact urticaria only), autoimmune, infection or drug related; many cases remain unexplained (idiopathic) after investigation. Urticaria can be mild or severe. At the severe end of the spectrum, it can be a disabling disease with high levels of life quality impairment. Non‐sedating H1antihistamines are the first line treatment for all patients. Non‐responders may benefit from the addition of second line (targeted) treatments, third line (immunosuppressives) treatments or a biological drug, of which omalizumab (anti‐IgE) is the best known and is now licensed for chronic spontaneous urticaria.
Wear Behavior of Chitosan‐Filled Polylactic Acid/Basalt Fiber Hybrid Composites
Authors: Arul Jeya Kumar A. , Srinivasan V. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe tribological behavior of chitosan (CS)‐filled polylactic acid (PLA)/basalt fiber (BF)‐reinforced (PBC) composites of three different volume fraction were studied using pin‐on‐disk wear tester under dry sliding conditions. The worn‐out surfaces of the composites were examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM), and wear mechanisms dominating each sliding conditions were classified. The wear maps were used to study the influence of sliding velocity and normal force over the coefficient of friction (μ), contact temperature (CT), and wear rate (WR). A wear mechanism map was developed by using fuzzy C‐means clustering algorithm method (FCM) to study the wear mechanism of composites. Results showed that increased weight percentage of basalt and CS in PLA played a vital role in increasing the wear resistance.
Middle paleolithic human deciduous incisor from Grotta del Cavallo, Italy
Authors: Fabbri Pier Francesco , Panetta Daniele , Sarti Lucia , Martini Fabio , Salvadori Piero A. , Caramella Davide , Fedi Mariaelena , Benazzi Stefano 
Published: July 2016

AbstractObjectivesIn this contribution, we present a morphological description and comparative morphometric analysis of Cavallo D, a human tooth unearthed from the Mousterian FIII sublayer of Grotta del Cavallo (Apulia, Italy).Materials and MethodsWe used microCT data to provide a detailed morphological description and morphometric analysis of the Cavallo D human tooth based on traditional diameter measurements and 3D enamel thickness. Moreover, new AMS radiocarbon dating of charcoals from layers FII was carried out.ResultsMorphological features observed in Cavallo D align the tooth to Neandertals. Similarly, the large size of the tooth (e.g., BL diameter) and the relatively thinner enamel thickness are typical Neandertal traits. 14C datings of layer FII attribute the tooth to a time range of 45,600–42,900 cal BP (at 68% level of probability).DiscussionUp to now, the Rdi1 Cavallo D represents the most recent Neandertal human remain in southern Italy related to a radiocarbon dated stratigraphy. Moreover, since deciduous teeth have been less investigated than the permanent ones, this contribution brings new data to increase our knowledge on the variability of the Neandertal deciduous dentition
Ein Damm geht in die Knie
Authors: Wieser Thomas , Lackner Christian , Fürtbauer Stefan 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIm Jahr 2012 wurde der 36,5 km lange Abschnitt der Schnellstraße S7 zwischen den polnischen Ortschaften Paslek und Milomlyn fertiggestellt. In Teilbereichen querte die Trasse bis zu 11 m mächtige organische Bodenschichten mit weicher bis breiiger Konsistenz. Aus diesem Grund wurden vom Bauherrnplaner in Abhängigkeit des anstehenden Baugrunds Bodenverbesserungen mittels unbewehrter, im Vollverdrängungsverfahren hergestellter Betonpfähle sowie ein mit Geotextilien bewehrter Erddamm vorgesehen. Trotz der ausgeführten Baugrundverbesserung traten entlang eines 35 m langen Straßenabschnitts bereits sieben Monate nach Verkehrsfreigabe Setzungen der Fahrbahnoberkante von bis zu 70 cm auf. Nach der Befundaufnahme wurden durch die Zentrale Technik – Technisches Büro Wien mithilfe von 2‐D‐Finite‐Elemente‐Untersuchungen sowie konventionellen Berechnungsmethoden Schadensanalysen zur Ursachenfindung der Setzungsschäden durchgeführt. Im Fokus des vorliegenden Beitrags stehen die durchgeführte Begutachtung des Schadens sowie die Vorstellung von Sanierungskonzepten und die vor Ort ausgeführte Instandsetzung des Straßendamms.An embankment on its knees – S7 Paslek–Milomlyn, Poland – Failure analysis and restorationIn 2012 the 36,5 km long section of the expressway S7 between the Polish villages Paslek and Milomlyn was completed. The road alignment partially crossed up to 11 m thick organic soil formations showing a consistency in the range of plastic to soft plastic. Therefore subsoil improvement measures such as unreinforced full displacement concrete piles and a geotextile reinforced embankment were designed by the owner. Despite the executed soil improvement measures only seven months after the release for traffic settlements up to 70 cm occurred along a 35 m long section of the expressway. Utilizing 2D Finite Element Method as well as comparative calculations using conventional methods a failure back analysis was conducted by Zentrale Technik – Technical Office Vienna. The article at hand focusses on the executed assessment of damage as well as on the results of the performed failure analyses and furthermore the elaborated restoring concepts and the restoring measure executed on site are presented.
U4 Hamburg HafenCity – Tunnel Baakenhafen und Trog Baakenwerder Straße (T+T)
Authors: Helfers Björn , Krawczyk Anika 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMit dem erfolgten Bau der Linie U4 von der Station “Jungfernstieg” zur Station “HafenCity Universität” wurde die westliche und zentrale HafenCity mit einem leistungsfähigen, öffentlichen Personennahverkehr (ÖPNV) bereits erschlossen. Die neuen in Planung befindlichen Quartiere der östlichen HafenCity erfordern ebenfalls eine leistungsfähige ÖPNV‐Erschließung. Hierfür wird die U4 von der Haltestelle “HafenCity Universität” bis zur Haltestelle “Elbbrücken” verlängert. Bei der Baumaßnahme “U4 Tunnel Baakenhafen und Trog Baakenwerder Straße” (nachstehend T+T genannt) handelt es sich um ein ca. 710 m langes Rahmentunnelbauwerk sowie ein ca. 230 m langes Rahmentrogbauwerk als WU‐Beton‐Konstruktion. Die Strecke wird auf gesamter Länge zweigleisig ausgeführt. Die Errichtung der Ingenieurbauwerke erfolgt im Schutz wasserdichter Schlitzwandbaugruben mit rückverankerten Unterwasserbetonsohlen. Insbesondere die Planung und Ausführung der Rückverankerungen im Trogbereich erfordern eine hohe Planungs‐ und Ausführungsqualität, um Kollisionen mit im Baufeld vorhandenen Bauwerken und Rückverankerungen Dritter zu vermeiden. Für solche Planungsaufgaben ist eine dreidimensionale Ankerplanung unverzichtbar und bietet viele Vorteile sowohl in der Planung als auch bei der Qualitätssicherung während der Ausführung.U4 Hamburg HafenCity – tunnel Baakenhafen and trough Baakenwerder Straße (T+T) – anchor planning 3‐D in the interactive dialogue with planners and executorsWith the completing of the construction of the subway line U4 from the station “Jungfernstieg” to the station “HafenCity Universität” the western and central part of the HafenCity were connected to an efficient public transport. The new quarters in the eastern part of the HafenCity that are currently planned also need an efficient public transport. For this purpose the line U4 will be extended from the station “HafenCity Universität” to the station “Elbbrücken”. The building project “U4 Tunnel Baakenhafen und Trog Baakenwerder Straße” (hereafter called T+T) involves an approximately 710 m long tunnel as well as an approximately 230 m long trough construction made of waterproof concrete. The line will be executed double tracked. The installation of the civil engineering structure will be done in the protection of a watertight excavation pit made out of diaphragm walls and an anchored underwater concrete base. In particular the planning and execution of the grouted anchors in the area of the trough require a high quality in planning and execution to avoid collisions with other existing structures and anchors. For such planning tasks a 3‐dimensional planning of the anchors is essential and offers many advantages for planning as well as quality assurance during the construction work.
Eine Studie zur Ermittlung der Querkrafttragfähigkeit älterer Spannbetonbrücken auf Basis von Versuchsergebnissen
Authors: Strauß Peter 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn der vorgestellten Studie zur Ermittlung der Querkrafttragfähigkeit älterer parallelgurtiger Spannbetonbrücken werden die aus Querkraftversuchen resultierenden cot θ‐Werte mit den normgemäßen Werten und den an einem alternativen Rechenmodell ermittelten cot θ‐Werten verglichen. Die Ergebnisse der Studie gelten nur für den Sonderfall einer senkrechten Querkraftbewehrung (α = 90°).A study to determine the shear capacity of older prestressed concrete bridges based on test resultsIn the presented study to determine the shear resistance of older prestressed concrete bridges with parallel girders the cot θ values resulting from shear experiments will be compared with the standard values and values determined on an alternative computing model. The results of the study apply only to the special case of a vertical shear reinforcement (α = 90°).
Mixing at the microscale: Power input in shaken microtiter plates
Authors: Dürauer Astrid , Hobiger Stefanie , Walther Cornelia , Jungbauer Alois 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPower input and local energy dissipation are crucial parameters for the engineering characterization of mixing and fluid dynamics at the microscale. Since hydrodynamic stress is solely dependent on the maximum power input, we adapted the clay/polymer method to obtain flock destruction kinetics in six‐, 24‐, and 96‐well microtiter plates on orbital shakers. We also determined the specific power input using calorimetry and found that the power input is at the same order of magnitude for the six‐ and 96‐well plates and the laboratory‐scale stirred tank reactor, with 40 to 90 W/m3 (Re' = 180 to 440), 40 to 140 W/m3 (Re' = 320 to 640), and 30 to 50 W/m3 (Re = 4000 to 8500), respectively. All of these values are significantly below 450 to 2100 W/m3 determined for the pilot‐scale reactor. The hydrodynamic stress differs significantly between the different formats of MTPs, as the 96‐well plates showed very low shear stress on the shaker with a shaking amplitude of 3 mm. Thus, the transfer of mixing conditions from the microtiter plate to small‐scale and pilot‐scale reactors must be undertaken with care. Our findings, especially the power input determined by the calorimetric method, show that the hydrodynamic conditions in laboratory‐ and pilot‐scale reactors cannot be reached.
Synthesis and Photoisomerization of Substituted Dibenzofulvene Molecular Rotors
Authors: Everhart Stephanie C. , Jayasundara Udaya K. , Kim HyunJong , Procúpez‐Schtirbu Rolando , Stanbery Wayne A. , Mishler Clay H. , Frost Brian J. , Cline Joseph I. , Bell Thomas W. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe synthesis, spectral and structural characterization, and photoisomerization of a family of 2‐substituted dibenzofulvene molecular actuators based on (2,2,2‐triphenylethylidene)fluorene (TEF) are reported. The 2‐substituted species investigated are nitro (NTEF), cyano (CTEF), and iodo (ITEF). X‐ray structures of these three compounds and three intermediates were determined to assign alkene configuration and investigate the effects of the 2‐substituents on steric gearing. The addition–elimination reaction of Z‐9 with trityl anion to form Z‐10 proceeded with complete retention of configuration. Rates of photoisomerization were measured at irradiation wavelengths between 266–355 nm in acetonitrile/dioxane solutions at room temperature. Photoisomerization quantum yields (φ) were calculated by means of a mathematical model that accounts for a certain degree of photodecomposition in the cases of CTEF and ITEF. Quantum yields vary significantly with substituent, having maximum values of φ=0.26 for NTEF, 0.39 for CTEF, and 0.50 for ITEF. NTEF is photochemically robust and has a large quantum yield for photoisomerization in the near‐UV, making it a particularly promising drive rotor moiety for light‐powered molecular devices.