bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the indoor performance of 12 commercial PV products by a simple model
Authors: Apostolou Georgia , Reinders Angèle , Verwaal Martin 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis article presents a simple comparative model which has been developed for the estimation of the performance of photovoltaic (PV) products' cells in indoor environments. The model predicts the performance of PV solar cells, as a function of the distance from a spectrum of artificial (fluorescent light, halogen light, and light‐emitting diodes) and natural light. It intends to support designers, while creating PV‐integrated products for indoor use. For the model's validation, PV cells of 12 commercially available PV‐powered products with power ranging from 0.8 to 4 mWp were tested indoors under artificial illumination and natural light. The model is based on the physical measurements of natural and artificial irradiance indoors, along with literature data of PV technologies under low irradiance conditions. The input data of the model are the surface of the solar cell (in m2), the wavelength‐dependent spectral response (SR) of the PV cell, the spectral irradiance indoors, and solar cell's distance from light sources. The model calculates solar cells' efficiency and power produced under the specific indoor conditions. If using the measured SR of a PV cell and the irradiance as measured indoors, the model can predict the performance of a PV product under mixed indoor light with a typical inaccuracy of around 25%, which is sufficient for a design process. Measurements revealed that under mixed indoor lighting of around 20 W/m2, the efficiency of solar cells in 12 commercially available PV products ranges between 5% and 6% for amorphous silicon (a‐Si) cells, 4–6% for multicrystalline silicon (mc‐Si) cells, and 5–7% for the monocrystalline silicon (c‐Si) cells.
Field application of close‐range digital photogrammetry (CRDP) for grain‐scale fluvial morphology studies
Authors: Bertin Stephane , Friedrich Heide 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn situ measurement of grain‐scale fluvial morphology is important for studies on grain roughness, sediment transport and the interactions between animals and the geomorphology, topics relevant to many river practitioners. Close‐range digital photogrammetry (CRDP) and terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) are the two most common techniques to obtain high‐resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) from fluvial surfaces. However, field application of topography remote sensing at the grain scale is presently hindered mainly by the tedious workflow challenges that one needs to overcome to obtain high‐accuracy elevation data. A recommended approach for CRDP to collect high‐resolution and high‐accuracy DEMs has been developed for gravel‐bed flume studies. The present paper investigates the deployment of the laboratory technique on three exposed gravel bars in a natural river environment. In contrast to other approaches, having the calibration carried out in the laboratory removes the need for independently surveyed ground‐control targets, and makes for an efficient and effective data collection in the field. Optimization of the gravel‐bed imagery helps DEM collection, without being impacted by variable lighting conditions. The benefit of a light‐weight three‐dimensional printed gravel‐bed model for DEM quality assessment is shown, and confirms the reliability of grain roughness data measured with CRDP. Imagery and DEM analysis evidences sedimentological contrasts between gravel bars within the reach. The analysis of the surface elevations shows the effect variable grain‐size and sediment sorting have on the surface roughness. By plotting the two‐dimensional structure functions and surface slopes and aspects we identify different grain arrangements and surface structures. The calculation of the inclination index allows determining the surface‐forming flow direction(s). We show that progress in topography remote sensing is important to extend our knowledge on fluvial morphology processes at the grain scale, and how a technique customized for use by fluvial geomorphologists in the field benefits this progress. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The herbicide atrazine induces hyperactivity and compromises tadpole detection of predator chemical cues
Authors: Ehrsam Mackenzie , Knutie Sarah A. , Rohr Jason R. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract

The ability to detect chemical cues is often critical for freshwater organisms to avoid predation and find food and mates. In particular, reduced activity and avoidance of chemical cues signaling predation risk are generally adaptive behaviors that reduce prey encounter rates with predators. The present study examined the effects of the common herbicide atrazine on the ability of Cuban tree frog (Osteopilus septentrionalis) tadpoles to detect and respond to chemical cues from larval dragonfly (Libellulidae sp.) predators. Tadpoles exposed to an estimated environmental concentration of atrazine (calculated using US Environmental Protection Agency software; measured concentration, 178 μg/L) were significantly hyperactive relative to those exposed to solvent control. In addition, control tadpoles significantly avoided predator chemical cues, but tadpoles exposed to atrazine did not. These results are consistent with previous studies that have demonstrated that ecologically relevant concentrations of atrazine can induce hyperactivity and impair the olfactory abilities of other freshwater vertebrates. The authors call for additional studies examining the role of chemical contaminants in disrupting chemical communication and the quantification of subsequent impacts on the fitness and population dynamics of wildlife. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2239–2244. © 2016 SETAC
Coexistence of contractional and extensional tectonics during the northern Apennines orogeny: the late Miocene out‐of‐sequence thrust in the Elba Island nappe stack
Authors: Massa Giovanni , Musumeci Giovanni , Mazzarini Francesco , Pieruccioni Diego 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn the northern Tyrrhenian Sea, the Elba Island is one of the westernmost portions of the northern Apennine inner belt. One of its noteworthy features is the anomalous tectonic repetition of continental‐derived (Tuscan Unit) and oceanic‐derived (Ligurian units) thrust sheets, lately intruded by late Miocene granitoids. Moreover, in detail, a slice of strongly deformed Ligurian peridotites results tectonically sandwiched between two thrust sheets of Tuscan units. This tectonic setting results from a middle Miocene folding and thrusting of the Apenninic nappe stack with development of large‐scale antiform and out‐of‐sequence thrust. In central‐eastern Elba Island, the folding of an imbricate stack is bracketed between Langhian (middle Miocene) and Messinian (late Miocene). Consequently, the anomalous repetition of Tuscan and Ligurian units thrust sheets gives evidence of middle‐late Miocene shortening deformation post‐dating nappe stack and pre‐dating late Miocene–Pliocene granite emplacement. We suggest that the architecture of the Elba Island nappe stack documents the coexistence of early‐middle Miocene contractional and extensional tectonics in an overall convergent tectonic setting in the westernmost zone of northern Apennines. Extensional tectonics in the upper portion of the wedge, balancing transient gravitational instabilities due to over‐thickened conditions, were followed by a renewal of contractional deformation leading to development of large‐scale out‐of‐sequence thrust responsible for inversion of the stack order. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prevalence of mild cognitive impairment and dementia in older non‐western immigrants in the Netherlands: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Parlevliet J. L. , Uysal‐Bozkir Ö. , Goudsmit M. , van Campen J. P. , Kok R. M. , ter Riet G. , Schmand B. , de Rooij S. E. 
Published: January 2016

ObjectiveIn the Netherlands, persons of Turkish, Moroccan and Surinamese descent form the largest groups of non‐western immigrants. A high prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia has been described in immigrant populations in the United States of America and the United Kingdom. We determined the prevalence of MCI and dementia in older community‐dwelling adults from the largest non‐western immigrant groups in the Netherlands.MethodsParticipants, aged 55 years and older, of Turkish, Moroccan (Arabic or Berber), Surinamese (Creole or Hindustani) or Dutch descent were recruited via their general practitioners. Cognitive deficits were assessed using the Cross‐Cultural Dementia screening instrument, which was validated in poorly educated people from different cultures. Differences in prevalence rates of MCI and dementia between the immigrant groups and a native Dutch group were analysed using chi‐square tests.ResultsWe included 2254 participants. Their mean age was 65.0 years (standard deviation, 7.5), and 44.4% were male. The prevalence of MCI was 13.0% in Turkish, 10.1% in Moroccan–Arabic, 9.4% in Moroccan–Berber and 11.9% in Surinamese–Hindustani participants, compared to 5.9% in Surinamese–Creoles and 3.3% in native Dutch. The prevalence of dementia was 14.8% in Turkish, 12.2% in Moroccan Arabic, 11.3% in Moroccan Berber and 12.6% in Surinamese–Hindustani participants, compared to 4.0% in Surinamese–Creoles and 3.5% in native Dutch.ConclusionsMCI and dementia were three to four times more prevalent in the majority of non‐western immigrant groups when compared to the native Dutch population. These differences are important for planning and improving healthcare facilities. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Contribution of insula in Parkinson's disease: A quantitative meta‐analysis study
Authors: Criaud Marion , Christopher Leigh , Boulinguez Philippe , Ballanger Benedicte , Lang Anthony E. , Cho Sang S. , Houle Sylvain , Strafella Antonio P. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe insula region is known to be an integrating hub interacting with multiple brain networks involved in cognitive, affective, sensory, and autonomic processes. There is growing evidence suggesting that this region may have an important role in Parkinson's disease (PD). Thus, to investigate the functional organization of the insular cortex and its potential role in parkinsonian features, we used a coordinate‐based quantitative meta‐analysis approach, the activation likelihood estimation. A total of 132 insular foci were selected from 96 published experiments comprising the five functional categories: cognition, affective/behavioral symptoms, bodily awareness/autonomic function, sensorimotor function, and nonspecific resting functional changes associated with the disease. We found a significant convergence of activation maxima related to PD in different insular regions including anterior and posterior regions bilaterally. This study provides evidence of an important functional distribution of different domains within the insular cortex in PD, particularly in relation to nonmotor aspects, with an influence of medication effect. Hum Brain Mapp 37:1375‐1392, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Simeprevir plus sofosbuvir (12 and 8 weeks) in hepatitis C virus genotype 1‐infected patients without cirrhosis: OPTIMIST‐1, a phase 3, randomized study
Authors: Kwo Paul , Gitlin Norman , Nahass Ronald , Bernstein David , Etzkorn Kyle , Rojter Sergio , Schiff Eugene , Davis Mitchell , Ruane Peter , Younes Ziad , Kalmeijer Ronald , Sinha Rekha , Peeters Monika , Lenz Oliver , Fevery Bart , De La Rosa Guy , Scott Jane , Witek James 
Published: January 2016

Effective antiviral therapy is essential for achieving sustained virological response (SVR) in hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐infected patients. The phase 2 COSMOS study reported high SVR rates in treatment‐naive and prior null‐responder HCV genotype (GT) 1‐infected patients receiving simeprevir+sofosbuvir±ribavirin for 12 or 24 weeks. OPTIMIST‐1 (NCT02114177) was a multicenter, randomized, open‐label study assessing the efficacy and safety of 12 and 8 weeks of simeprevir+sofosbuvir in HCV GT1‐infected treatment‐naive and treatment‐experienced patients without cirrhosis. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1; stratified by HCV GT/subtype and presence or absence of NS3 Q80K polymorphism [GT1b, GT1a with Q80K, GT1a without Q80K]), prior HCV treatment history, and IL28B GT [CC, non‐CC]) to simeprevir 150 mg once daily+sofosbuvir 400 mg once daily for 12 or 8 weeks. The primary efficacy endpoint was SVR rate 12 weeks after end of treatment (SVR12). Superiority in SVR12 was assessed for simeprevir+sofosbuvir at 12 and 8 weeks versus a composite historical control SVR rate. Enrolled were 310 patients, who were randomized and received treatment (n = 155 in each arm). SVR12 with simeprevir+sofosbuvir for 12 weeks (97% [150/155; 95% confidence interval 94%‐100%]) was superior to the historical control (87%). SVR12 with simeprevir+sofosbuvir for 8 weeks (83% [128/155; 95% confidence interval 76‐89%]) was not superior to the historical control (83%). The most frequent adverse events were nausea, headache, and fatigue (12‐week arm: 15% [23/155], 14% [22/155], and 12% [19/155]; 8‐week arm: 9% [14/155], 17% [26/155], and 15% [23/155], respectively). No patients discontinued treatment due to an adverse event. One (1%, 12‐week arm) and three (2%, 8‐week arm) patients experienced a serious adverse event (all unrelated to study treatment). Conclusion: Simeprevir+sofosbuvir for 12 weeks is highly effective in the treatment of HCV GT1‐infected patients without cirrhosis, including those with Q80K. (Hepatology 2016;64:370‐380)
Immunohistochemical distribution of heat shock protein 70 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen in mouse placenta at different gestational stages
Authors: Ozaydin Tugba , Sur Emrah , Oznurlu Yasemin , Celik Ilhami , Uluisik Deniz 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTThe aim of the present study was to investigate immunohistochemical distribution of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in the mouse placenta at different gestational stages. For this purpose a total of 18 Swiss albino female mice at 12–14 weeks of age were used. Females were sacrificed on days 3 (early), 10 (mid‐), and 17 (late) of pregnancy and the implantation sites of the pregnant uterus were sampled. The sections were made transversely through the central region of the implantation site and stained with hematoxylin and eosin for histological examination. PCNA and Hsp70 was stained immunohistochemically. Since the definitive placenta was not still formed on day 3 of pregnancy, Hsp70 and PCNA positivity were evaluated in only luminal epithelium and decidual‐stromal cells. On days 10 and 17 of pregnancy, Hsp70 and PCNA positivity were evaluated in labyrinth zone, junctional zone and decidual layer of placenta. Hsp70 expression was observed trophoblast cells and decidual cells and was relatively constant throughout the pregnancy. This protein was strongly labeled in the trophoblast cells; while decidual cells were displayed moderate staining. In early pregnant mouse uteri, PCNA was mainly localized in decidual‐stromal cells. The trophoblast cells and decidual cells displayed highly proliferative activity at the midgestational period. However there was a significant decrease in the percentage of PCNA positive cells in late gestation. Microsc. Res. Tech. 79:251–257, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Jacobsthal Numbers in Generalized Petersen Graphs
Authors: Bruhn Henning , Gellert Laura , Günther Jacob 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWe prove that the number of 1‐factorizations of a generalized Petersen graph of the type is equal to the kth Jacobsthal number when k is odd, and equal to when k is even. Moreover, we verify the list coloring conjecture for .
Longitudinal change in magnetic susceptibility of new enhanced multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions measured on serial quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM)
Authors: Zhang Yan , Gauthier Susan A. , Gupta Ajay , Comunale Joseph , Chia‐Yi Chiang Gloria , Zhou Dong , Chen Weiwei , Giambrone Ashley E. , Zhu Wenzhen , Wang Yi 
Published: January 2016

PurposeTo measure the longitudinal change in multiple sclerosis (MS) lesion susceptibility using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM).Materials and MethodsThe study was approved by our Institutional Review Board. Longitudinal changes in quantitative susceptibility values of new enhanced‐with‐Gd MS lesions were measured at baseline magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and on a follow‐up MRI in 29 patients within 2 years using a 3D multiple echo gradient echo sequence on a 3T scanner. Paired t‐test and the generalized estimating equations (GEE) model was used to analyze the longitudinal change.ResultsLesion susceptibility values relative to normal‐appearing white matter (NAWM) changed from 3.61 ± 6.11 ppb when enhanced‐with‐Gd at the baseline MRI to 20.42 ± 10.23 ppb when not‐enhanced‐with‐Gd at the follow‐up MRI (P < 0.001).ConclusionMS lesion susceptibility value increases significantly as the lesion evolves from enhanced‐with‐Gd to not‐enhanced‐with‐Gd, serving as a disease biomarker. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:426–432.
Social learning theory and public perception of GMOs: What Blancke et al. (2015) and other plant biotechnologists are missing
Authors: Fluegge Keith 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThere exists a wide chasm between public opinion and scientific evidence on the safety of genetically engineered food, herein referred to as GMOs. Plant biotechnologists give credit to a small community of activists negatively influencing individual minds on this issue, but this approach neglects other social contexts in which such cognition operates. The author argues here that current public opinion on GMOs is a manifestation of the constant interaction between environmental, behavioral, and cognitive influences on this issue. In order to sway public opinion and be consistent with social learning theory, biotechnology advocates and plant scientists will need to move beyond their recognized expertise in order to rework the argument for GMOs in the modern‐day food supply, one that wholly embraces an individual‐level framing of the debate, tantamount to other successful professional trends like patient‐centered medicine. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Gender‐related similarities and differences in the body distribution of grape seed flavanols in rats
Authors: Margalef Maria , Pons Zara , Iglesias‐Carres Lisard , Arola Lluís , Muguerza Begoña , Arola‐Arnal Anna 
Published: January 2016

ScopeDietary flavanols produce beneficial health effects, and once absorbed, they are recognized as xenobiotics and undergo phase‐II enzymatic detoxification. Flavanols health‐promoting properties are mainly attributed to their metabolic products. This work aimed to elucidate whether rats of the opposite sex exhibited differences in the metabolism and distribution of ingested flavanols.Methods and resultsAcute doses of grape seed polyphenols were administered to male and female rats. After 1, 2 and 4 h, plasma, liver, mesenteric white adipose tissue (MWAT), brain and hypothalamus flavanol metabolites were quantified by HPLC‐MS/MS. Results indicated important sex‐related quantitative differences in plasma and brain. Moreover, remarkable sex‐related differences in the distributions and types of flavanol metabolites were also observed between liver and brain.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that sex differentially influences the metabolism and distribution of flavanols throughout the bodies of rats, which may affect the physiological bioactivities of flavanols between males and females.
Sex differences and gender‐invariance of mother‐reported childhood problem behavior
Authors: van der Sluis Sophie , Polderman Tinca J.C. , Neale Michael C. , Verhulst Frank C. , Posthuma Danielle , Dieleman Gwen C. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractPrevalence and severity of childhood behavioral problems differ between boys and girls, and in psychiatry, testing for gender differences is common practice. Population‐based studies show that many psychopathology scales are (partially) Measurement Invariance (MI) with respect to gender, i.e. are unbiased. It is, however, unclear whether these studies generalize towards clinical samples. In a psychiatric outpatient sample, we tested whether the Child Behavior Checklist 6–18 (CBCL) is unbiased with respect to gender. We compared mean scores across gender of all syndrome scales of the CBCL in 3271 patients (63.3% boys) aged 6–18. Second, we tested for MI on both the syndrome scale and the item‐level using a stepwise modeling procedure. Six of the eight CBCL syndrome scales included one or more gender‐biased items (12.6% of all items), resulting in slight over‐ or under‐estimation of the absolute gender difference in mean scores. Two scales, Somatic Complaints and Rule‐breaking Behavior, contained no biased items. The CBCL is a valid instrument to measure gender differences in problem behavior in children and adolescents from a clinical sample; while various gender‐biased items were identified, the resulting bias was generally clinically irrelevant, and sufficient items per subscale remained after exclusion of biased items. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of a two‐phase process to identify possible cases of mental ill health in the UK military
Authors: Burdett Howard , Fear Nicola T. , Jones Norman , Greenberg Neil , Wessely Simon , Rona Roberto J. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractTwo‐phase mental health screening methods, in which an abridged mental health measure is used to establish who should receive a more comprehensive assessment, may be more efficient and acceptable to respondents than a stand‐alone complete questionnaire. Such two‐phase methods are in use in US armed forces post‐deployment mental health screening. This study assesses the sensitivity and specificity of abridged instruments (used in the first phase) compared to the full instruments (the second phase), and whether false negative cases resulting from the use of abridged tests were detected by another test, among a UK military screening sample. Data from a group of UK Armed Forces personnel (n = 1464) who had completed full questionnaires assessing symptoms of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (PTSD Checklist – Civilian Version, PCL‐C) and alcohol misuse (Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test, AUDIT) were used. An abridged version of the PCL‐C performed well in discriminating potential PTSD cases (as measured by the full instrument); AUDIT showed less discriminatory power, particularly due to poor specificity. Many cases missed by one abridged test would have been detected by an alternative test. Thus two‐phase screening designs reduce the resource burden of a project without substantial loss of sensitivity for PTSD, but are less effective in discriminating potential cases of alcohol misuse. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.