bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of work environment and job characteristics on the turnover intention of experienced nurses: The mediating role of work engagement
Authors: Wan Qiaoqin , Li Zhaoyang , Zhou Weijiao , Shang Shaomei 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAimTo assess turnover intention among experienced nurses and explore the effects of work environment, job characteristics and work engagement on turnover intention.BackgroundThe nursing shortage is an urgent concern in China. A high turnover rate of experienced nurses could have serious effects on the quality of care, costs and the efficiency of hospitals. It is crucial to explore the predictors of turnover intention and develop strategies tailored to experienced nurses.DesignA descriptive, cross‐sectional survey design.MethodsA total of 778 experienced nurses from seven hospitals was surveyed on their work engagement, job characteristics, work environment and turnover intention in March–May 2017. Structural equation modelling was used to test a theoretical model and the hypotheses.ResultsThe results showed that 35.9% of experienced nurses had high‐level turnover intention. The final model explained 50% of the variance in experienced nurses' turnover intention and demonstrated that: (1) work environment was positively associated with higher work engagement and lower turnover intention and work engagement partially mediated the relationship between work environment and turnover intention; and (2) job characteristics were positively related to higher work engagement and lower turnover intention and work engagement fully mediated the relationship between job characteristics and turnover intention.ConclusionsThe study confirms the intrinsic and extrinsic motivators on work engagement posited by job demands‐resources model. Theory‐driven strategies to improve work environment, enhance job characteristics and promote wok engagement are needed to address the nursing shortage and high turnover intention among experienced nurses.
Exploring students' flow experiences in business simulation games
Authors: Buil I. , Catalán S. , Martínez E. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBusiness simulation games are a motivational and engaging tool for teaching business management. However, relatively little is known about what factors contribute to their success. This study explores the role of flow experienced while using business simulation games. Specifically, this research investigates the influence of challenge, skills, feedback, and goal clarity on students' flow experience. It also explores the impact of flow on generic skills development, perceived learning, and satisfaction. Based on a survey of 167 undergraduate students who used a classroom‐based business simulation game, the findings show that the challenge provided by the game, students' skills to meet the challenge, and instant feedback positively influenced students' flow. Conversely, goal clarity did not foster the optimal experience. Flow positively impacted generic skills development, perceived learning, and satisfaction.
Acute lion's mane jellyfish, Cyanea capillata (Cnideria: Scyphozoa), exposure to Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)
Authors: Powell M D , Åtland Å , Dale T 
Published: January 2018

AbstractJellyfish‐induced gill pathology relies upon occasional diagnostic observations yet the extent and impact of jellyfish blooms on aquaculture may be significant. Idiopathic gill lesions are often observed in apparently healthy fish. This study exposed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) smolts to macerated Cyanea capillata at 2.5 and 5 g/L for 2 hr under controlled laboratory conditions. Blood chemistry and gill histopathology were examined over a subsequent 4‐week period. Fish showed an acute response to the presence of jellyfish, including characteristic external “whiplash” discoloration of the skin and acute increases in blood electrolytes and CO2 concentration; however, these were resolved within 4 days after exposure. Histopathologically, gills showed first an acute oedema with epithelial separation followed by focal haemorrhage and thrombus formation, and then progressive inflammatory epithelial hyperplasia that progressively resolved over the 4 weeks post‐exposure. Results were consistent with the envenomation of gills with cytotoxic neurotoxins and haemolysins known to be produced by C. capillata. This study suggests that many focal hyperplastic lesions on gills, especially those involving focal thrombi, may be the result of jellyfish stings. Thus, the presence of jellyfish and their impact may be severe and understated in terms of marine fish aquaculture and fish welfare.
Involvement of xanthine oxidase inhibition with the antioxidant property of nanoencapsulated Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil in fish experimentally infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Baldissera M D , Souza C F , Doleski P H , Santos R C V , Raffin R P , Baldisserotto B 
Published: January 2018

AbstractNanoencapsulated Melaleuca alternifolia essential oil (tea tree oil, TTO) is a natural alternative treatment, with 100% therapeutic efficacy in fish experimentally infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and has also potent protective effects linked with antioxidant properties. However, the pathways responsible for the antioxidant capacity remain unknown. Thus, this study evaluated whether the inhibition of seric xanthine oxidase (XO) activity can be considered a pathway involved in the antioxidant capacity of nanoencapsulated TTO in fish experimentally infected with P. aeruginosa. Seric samples from fish infected with P. aeruginosa showed increased XO activity, as well as increased uric acid and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. In contrast, the prophylactic treatment with nanoencapsulated TTO prevented these infection‐induced alterations. Based on the evidence obtained, the upregulation of seric XO activity induced pro‐oxidative effects in the serum of fish experimentally infected with P. aeruginosa, due to excessive formation of uric acid, which stimulates the release of ROS. This treatment was able to prevent the upregulated seric XO activity and, consequently, the excessive formation of uric acid and ROS. In summary, inhibition of seric XO activity can be considered a pathway involved in the antioxidant capacity of nanoencapsulated TTO in fish experimentally infected with P. aeruginosa.
Efficacy of grape seed extract gel in the treatment of chronic periodontitis: A randomized clinical study
Authors: Rayyan Mohammad , Terkawi Tammam , Abdo Hajer , Abdel Azim Dalia , Khalaf Aseel , AlKhouli Zenab , Meziad Maha , Alshamma'a Marwa , Abu Naim Horiyah 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAimThe aim of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of applying grape seed extract (GSE) gel in periodontal pockets for the treatment of chronic periodontitis.MethodsEighty‐six sites with pocket depth (PD) >4 mm were selected from five systemically‐healthy patients in whom scaling, and root planing were performed, and oral instructions were given, a week earlier. PD, gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), and bleeding on probing (BOP) were measured, and sites were then divided into the control group (N = 38) and GSE group (N = 48). Four doses of formulated 2% mucoadhesive GSE gel were applied to GSE group sites at baseline visit (T0), and 3, 6, and 9 days after T0. Similarly, a control gel was applied to the control sites. PD, PI, GI and BOP were re‐evaluated after 4 weeks and 6 months of first gel application.ResultsPaired t test for both the control and GSE groups showed a significant reduction for all variables after 6 months of gel application (P < .05). The independent t test showed a significant difference (P < .05) only in the reduction of gingival index (mean: 0.85 ± 0.77 for control and 1.3 ± 0.8 for GSE) and plaque index (mean: 0.75 ± 0.71 for control and 1.12 ± 0.7 for GSE).ConclusionThe subgingival application of the formulated 2% mucoadhesive GSE gel showed significant improvement in the PI and GI only.
Severity of cognitive disability and mental health court determinations about fitness to stand trial
Authors: Young J. T. , Davis F. J. , Wardale S. , Vassos M. , van Dooren K. , Nankervis K. , Lennox N. G. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about the socio‐demographic, clinical and legal determinants of mental health court decisions of unsoundness of mind and unfitness to stand trial for people with cognitive disability. We aimed to estimate the association between severity of cognitive disability and mental health court determinations of unsoundness or unfitness and describe the socio‐demographic, clinical and legal factors that predict these determinations.MethodsCase file data were extracted on 92 individuals who had a criminal case referred to the Queensland Mental Health Court between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2014 due to cognitive disability. We fit a modified multivariable Poisson regression model to estimate the association between severity of cognitive impairment and mental health court determination, controlling for socio‐demographic, clinical and legal factors.ResultsAdjusting for covariate effects, severity of cognitive impairment was positively associated with being found unfit to stand trial (adjusted prevalence risk ratio = 1.57; 95% confidence interval: 1.07, 2.33; P = 0.023), and comorbid psychotic disorder predicted an increased risk of being found unsound of mind at the time of offence (adjusted prevalence risk ratio = 3.63; 95% confidence interval: 1.38, 9.54; P = 0.009) by the Queensland Mental Health Court.ConclusionsSeverity of cognitive disability is associated with determinations of unfitness but does not predict determinations of unsoundness in the Queensland Mental Health Court. Psychiatric assessments of cognitive impairment play a pivotal role in mental health court determinations for people with cognitive disability.
Problem behaviours and psychotropic medication use in intellectual disability: a multinational cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Perry B. I. , Cooray S. E. , Mendis J. , Purandare K. , Wijeratne A. , Manjubhashini S. , Dasari M. , Esan F. , Gunaratna I. , Naseem R. A. , Hoare S. , Chester V. , Roy A. , Devapriam J. , Alexander R. , Kwok H. F. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundProblem behaviours (PBs) are a common cause for clinician contact in people with disorders of intellectual development and may be a common cause for the prescription of psychotropic medication. We aimed to use a large, multinational sample to define the prevalence of PBs, the associations with psychotropic medication use, and to assess for any potential ‘diagnostic overshadowing’ by the label of PBs in a population of people with disorders of intellectual development.MethodA multinational, multi‐setting, cross‐sectional service evaluation and baseline audit was completed. Data were collected from UK hospitals, UK community settings, Sri Lanka and Hong Kong. A semi‐structured questionnaire was completed by treating clinicians, capturing demographic details, prevalence rates of intellectual disability and psychotropic medication use, alongside psychiatric co‐morbidity.ResultsA sample size of 358 was obtained, with 65% of included participants treated in an inpatient setting. Psychotropic use was prevalent (90%) in our sample, particularly antipsychotics (74%). The prevalence of PB was high (83%). There was no statistically significant association between psychotropic prescription and recorded psychiatric co‐morbidity, suggesting prevalent ‘off‐label’ use for PBs, or poor recording of psychiatric co‐morbidity. There was some evidence of possible diagnostic overshadowing due to the PB classification. A higher dose of psychotropic medication was associated with aggression toward others (P = 0.03).ConclusionsWe found evidence of prevalent potential ‘off‐label’ use for psychotropic medication, which may be due to PBs. We also found evidence of potential diagnostic‐overshadowing, where symptoms of psychiatric co‐morbidity may have been attributed to PBs. Our findings provide renewed importance, across borders and health systems, for clinicians to consider a holistic approach to treating PBs, and attempting to best understand the precipitants and predisposing factors before psychotropic prescribing.
National Public Health Data Systems in the United States: Applications to Child Agricultural Injury Surveillance
Authors: Marlenga Barbara , Berg Richard L. , Pickett William 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPurposeThe United States has no comprehensive national surveillance system for fatal or nonfatal child agricultural injuries. Thus, important knowledge gaps exist about recurrent injury patterns that could provide targeted focus for prevention efforts. The purpose of this study was to explore existing US public health data systems to determine their utility with respect to informing child agricultural injury surveillance and primary prevention.MethodsPublic health data systems were selected if they: (1) were national in scope, (2) were active and ongoing, (3) included physical injuries, and (4) contained a “farm” location variable. Data systems explored included National Emergency Medical Services Information System, National Trauma Data Bank, National Electronic Injury Surveillance System‐All Injury Program, and National Vital Statistics System‐Multiple Cause File.FindingsEach data system contained substantial information per case with the number of fields ranging from 77 to 127. Beyond basic demographic information about the injured child, there were many injury descriptors, but few commonalities across systems. The most striking finding was the uniform absence of information on injury circumstances; that is, why and how the injury occurred, which is fundamental to planning and evaluating prevention initiatives.ConclusionsAlthough these public health data systems captured many details regarding medical aspects of the injury, they included little information on circumstances leading to injury, thus limiting their utility for child agricultural injury surveillance and primary prevention initiatives. We recommend any child agricultural injury data collection tool formally incorporate a structured narrative so underlying circumstances leading to injury events are documented.
Modeling Relationship between Truck Fuel Consumption and Driving Behavior Using Data from Internet of Vehicles
Authors: Xu Zhigang , Wei Tao , Easa Said , Zhao Xiangmo , Qu Xiaobo 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn this research, by taking advantage of dynamic fuel consumption–speed data from Internet of Vehicles, we develop two novel computational approaches to more accurately estimate truck fuel consumption. The first approach is on the basis of a novel index, named energy consumption index, which is to explicitly reflect the dynamic relationship between truck fuel consumption and truck drivers’ driving behaviors obtained from Internet of Vehicles. The second approach is based on a Generalized Regression Neural Network model to implicitly establish the same relationship. We further compare the two proposed models with three well‐recognized existing models: vehicle specific power (VSP) model, Virginia Tech microscopic (VT‐Micro) model, and Comprehensive Modal Emission Model (CMEM). According to our validations at both microscopic and macroscopic levels, the two proposed models have stronger performed in predicting fuel consumption in new routes. The models can be used to design more energy‐efficient driving behaviors in the soon‐to‐come era of connected and automated vehicles.
Water deficit disrupts male gametophyte development in Quercus ilex
Authors: Bykova O. , Limousin J.‐M. , Ourcival J.‐M. , Chuine I. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Tree species distribution, and hence forest biodiversity, relies on the reproductive capacity of trees, which is currently affected by climate change. Drought‐induced pollen sterility could increase as a consequence of more intense and more frequent droughts projected for temperate and Mediterranean regions, and threaten the sexual regeneration of trees in these regions. To evaluate this possibility, we examined the effect of long‐term partial rainfall exclusion (−27% precipitation) on male reproductive development in holm oak, Quercus ilex, one of the most important and widespread tree species of the Mediterranean region.

We examined anther area, pollen production, pollen abortion as well as viable pollen production in control and dry treatments. Microscopic examinations revealed significant differences in pollen development between trees in the dry and the control treatments, even though anthesis occurred before the onset of annual drought.

Our results demonstrate that anthers collected from Q. ilex trees in the dry treatment, which experienced long‐term increased drought stress especially during the summer, were the same size as anthers in the control treatment, but displayed 25% pollen abortion and almost 20% reduction in pollen production. Subsequently, the number of viable pollen grains in anthers from dry treatment was 35% less than in control.

These results suggest a carry‐over effect of drought stress on pollen production that could reduce the reproductive success of Q. ilex. The results have broad implications for better understanding of the determinants of tree reproduction by masting and anticipate the outcomes of expected drought increase in the Mediterranean on forest dynamics.
Enzymatic scarification of Anacamptis morio (Orchidaceae) seed facilitates lignin degradation, water uptake and germination
Authors: Pierce S. , Spada A. , Caporali E. , Ceriani R. M. , Buffa G. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

The seed coat of many species contains hydrophobic lignins, and in soil the action of microbial ligninases may contribute to release from dormancy. Laboratory use of ligninases to stimulate germination is promising because of the specific action on the seed coat, whereas chemical scarification agents may also corrode the embryo. We hypothesised that exposure of Anacamptis morio (Orchidaceae) seeds to fungal laccase would stimulate germination, and that the mechanism involves lignin degradation and increased imbibition.

Germination capacity in vitro was quantified with 1 U filter‐sterilised laccase added to agar medium following autoclaving, compared to a 10% bleach solution (standard bleach surface sterilisation/scarification method used in orchid seed sowing). Lignin degradation was quantified using an optical method (phloroglucinol‐HCl staining) combined with image analysis, following experimental pre‐treatments involving immersion in laccase solution, distilled water (negative control) or bleach (positive control). Water uptake after experimental treatments was quantified as the proportion of seeds exhibiting visible uptake of an aqueous fluorochrome under UV excitation.

Laccase stimulated a doubling of germination in vitro with respect to bleach surface sterilisation/scarification alone, from 23.7 to 49.8% (P = 0.007). Laccase and bleach methods both significantly decreased the optical signal of phloroglucinol (for laccase, to 79.9 ± 1.3% of controls; anova: F = 10.333, P = 0.002). Laccase resulted in a modest but highly significant (P < 0.0001) increase in water uptake with respect to the control (11.7%; cf 99.4% for bleach).

Laccase scarification can stimulate germination of A. morio through a mechanism of targeted seed coat degradation. The results demonstrate the potential of this relatively non‐invasive enzymatic scarification technique.
Effect of sedation with butorphanol on variables pertaining to the ophthalmic examination in dogs
Authors: Douet Jean‐Yves , Regnier Alain , Dongay Agnès , Jugant Sophie , Jourdan Géraldine , Concordet Didier 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate whether sedation with intramuscular butorphanol can interfere with different variables of the ocular examination in dogs.AnimalsTwenty‐two beagles without ophthalmic abnormalities.ProceduresEach dog was examined 20 min prior to and again just before administration of butorphanol to establish baseline data. The globe and nictitating membrane position was evaluated, and the following were recorded: menace response, dazzle reflex, corneal blink reflex, phenol red thread tear test (PRT), Schirmer tear test‐1 (STT‐1), pupil size (PS) measurement, and rebound tonometry. Then, butorphanol was injected intramuscularly at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg and these procedures were repeated 10, 20, 30, and 45 min postadministration. A sedation score graded 0 to 3 was also established at these time points. Statistical analyses were performed on quantitative data using ANOVA.ResultsThe sedative effect was not associated with any changes in globe and nictitating membrane position; did not affect the results of the menace response, dazzle reflex, and corneal blink reflex; and had no significant effect onPRTvalues. However, butorphanol administration was associated with a statistically significant decrease inSTT‐1 andPSvalues (P < 0.005), and a statistically significant increase inIOP(P < 0.05). All these variations remained in the range of normal values.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceButorphanol administered intramuscularly at 0.2 mg/kg provided a degree of sedation allowing eye examination, but was found to interfere withSTT‐1,PS, andIOPvalues among the diagnostic tests studied. However, these values remained within normal limits.