bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The isoflavone puerarin promotes generation of human iPSC‐derived pre‐oligodendrocytes and enhances endogenous remyelination in rodent models
Authors: Xu Hao , Zhang Huiyuan , Pop Nona , Hall Joe , Shazlee Ibrahim , Wagner‐Tsukamoto Moritz , Chen Zhiguo , Gu Yuchun , Zhao Chao , Ma Dan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPuerarin, a natural isoflavone, is commonly used as a Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of various cardiovascular and neurological disorders. It has been found to be neuroprotective via TrK‐PI3K/Akt pathway, which is associated with anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Myelin damage in diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and ischemia induces activation of endogenous oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPC) and subsequent remyelination by newly formed oligodendrocytes. It has been shown that human‐induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC)‐derived OPCs promote remyelination when transplanted to the brains of disease models. Here, we ask whether and how puerarin is beneficial to the generation of hiPSC‐derived OPCs and oligodendrocytes, and to the endogenous remyelination in mouse demyelination model. Our results show that puerarin increases the proportion of O4+ pre‐oligodendrocytes differentiated from iPSC‐derived neural stem cells. In vitro, puerarin increases proliferation of rat OPCs and enhances mitochondrial activity. Treatment of puerarin at progenitor stage increases the yielding of differentiated oligodendrocytes. In rat organotypic brain slice culture, puerarin promotes both myelination and remyelination. In vivo, puerarin increases oligodendrocyte repopulation during remyelination in mouse spinal cord following lysolethicin‐induced demyelination. Our findings suggest that puerarin promotes oligodendrocyte lineage progression and myelin repair, with a potential to be developed into therapeutic agent for neurological diseases associated with myelin damage.image
Neuralgic amyotrophy presentation of acute intermittent porphyria: A case report
Authors: Theuriet Julian , Gerfaud‐Valentin Mathieu , Durel Cécile‐Audrey , Gouya Laurent , Pegat Antoine 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsPorphyrias are inherited metabolic disorders caused by mutations in genes encoding enzymes involved in the heme biosynthetic pathway, leading to the accumulation of heme precursors. Acute hepatic porphyrias (AHP), including acute intermittent porphyria (AIP), can present with predominant peripheral neurological manifestations, often leading to a misdiagnosis as Guillain‐Barré syndrome.MethodsWe report a case of AIP initially presenting as a peripheral neuropathy mimicking Parsonage‐Turner syndrome (neuralgic amyotrophy, NA). Clinical and electrophysiological evaluations were conducted, including nerve conduction studies and needle electromyography (EMG).ResultsA 41‐year‐old woman presented with burning pain and electric shock‐like sensations in the shoulders and trunk, alongside asymmetrical motor weakness in the upper limbs affecting arm abduction and finger extension. Electrophysiological evaluation revealed involvement of the superior trunk of the brachial plexus and the posterior interosseous nerve. Initially diagnosed with NA, she showed significant improvement in proximal strength over nine months but relapsed at fourteen months with severe finger extension weakness. Concurrent severe abdominal pain with constipation led to the identification of elevated urinary porphobilinogen (PBG) and delta‐aminolevulinic acid (ALA) levels, confirming AHP and specifically AIP via genetic and biochemical testing. The patient received hemin and givosiran infusions, resulting in decreased ALA levels, improvement of motor weakness, and no further attacks.InterpretationThis case underscores the need to consider AIP in the differential diagnosis of acute neuropathies like NA, especially when accompanied by abdominal pain and severe constipation. Early recognition and appropriate testing for PBG and ALA can prevent misdiagnosis and enable targeted treatment.
Unpacking leader critical thinking in employee voice quality and silence frequency
Authors: Jiang Jing , Gong Yaping , Dong Yanan , Han Yi , Qin Yu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPrevious research has predominantly examined either voice quantity or quality. We know little about the potential tradeoff between voice quantity and quality and the role of leaders in this tradeoff. This study focused on the dual aspects of voice, examining how and when the same leader attribute facilitates (inhibits) one aspect of voice, but does not facilitate (inhibit) or even hamper (facilitate) the other aspect. Specifically, we proposed that leader critical thinking stimulates the formation of employees' implicit voice theory of the need for solid data or solutions (IVT‐SDS) before one speaks up. This belief boosts the quality of employee voice especially when voice efficacy is high, but increases the frequency of employee silence especially when voice efficacy is low. In Study 1a, we experimentally tested the relationship between leader critical thinking and employees' IVT‐SDS. In Study 1b, we experimentally examined the interactive effect of employees' IVT‐SDS and their voice efficacy on both their voice quality and silence frequency. In Study 2, a multilevel, multi‐wave and multi‐source field study, we tested the entire research model. The results supported our hypotheses. We extend the research on leadership and voice by revealing a potential tradeoff between voice quality and quantity.
Community Pop‐Up Clinic: Cascade of Care and HCV Treatment of Vancouver's Inner‐City PWID Populations
Authors: Yi Shana , Wiesmann Christina , Truong David , Sharma Shawn , Conway Brian 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTElimination of HCV infection as a public health concern by the end of this decade will require a concerted effort in all target populations, including drug‐users in the inner‐city. Several strategies have been proposed to identify, engage and provide HCV‐infected residents with antiviral therapy and maximise treatment and cure achievement. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of a multidisciplinary approach in delivering HCV treatment to people who inject drugs (PWID) within Vancouver's inner city. We have evaluated a novel approach, the Community Pop‐Up Clinic, for its ability to promote access to care and uptake of HCV therapy, with additional analyses of HCV reinfection and opioid‐related mortality. From January 2021 to August 2023, we evaluated 1968 individuals. 620 (31.5%) were found to carry HCV antibodies and of these, 474 (76.5%) were found to be viremic. Treatment engagement has been secured in 387 (81.6%). 326 (84.2%) have started treatment, 60 in the pre‐treatment phase and 1 died of an overdose in pre‐treatment. Of 326, 302 completed treatments, 18 are currently on treatment and 1 died of an overdose. Of 302 who completed treatment, 286 confirmed as cured (SVR 12), 16 are awaiting SVR 4, 2 had documented virologic relapse and 1 was reinfected. Three patients withdrew from treatment. By mITT, the cure rate is 286/288 (99.3%). We documented 2 overdose deaths over 326 PY. The data presented validates multidisciplinary programs such as ours aimed at treating HCV in inner‐cities and highlights societal benefits that could be achieved including lower overdose death rates.
Interpreting elevated liver blood test results through a genetic lens: A genome‐wide association study
Authors: Innes Hamish , Buch Stephan , Kendall Timothy J. , Fallowfield Jonathan A. , Guha Indra Neil 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsIndividuals with genetic polymorphisms in UGT1A1 exhibit bilirubin levels that belie their risk of liver disease (Gilbert's syndrome) but it is not known if this phenomenon extends to other common liver blood tests (LBTs).MethodsA genome‐wide association analysis of 10 LBTs was conducted using the UK biobank. Polygenic scores (PGS) were created from discordant loci (e.g. loci associated with the LBT but not associated with cirrhosis morbidity risk). Participants were assigned to a low, intermediate or high PGS for each LBT. A high PGS approximates Gilbert's syndrome (i.e. elevated LBT without an analogous increase in disease risk). The prognostic significance of an ‘elevated’ LBT—and how this differs by PGS—was assessed through competing risk survival analysis.ResultsThis study included 157 005 and 166 871 participants for the discovery and validation phases, respectively. Elevated LBTs were more prevalent in the high versus low PGS group, yet the 10‐year risk of cirrhosis morbidity was comparable. For example, in the low PGS group, 4.3% had an elevated gamma‐glutamyltransferase (GGT) and the 10‐year risk of cirrhosis morbidity was .45%. Conversely, in the high PGS group, 21.2% had an elevated GGT and the 10‐year risk was .38%. Accordingly, the 10‐year risk of cirrhosis morbidity for individuals with an elevated GGT was markedly different in the low vs. high group (4.2% vs. 1.2%; p < .001). Similar results were apparent for Fibrosis‐4 index, total bilirubin, and platelet count.ConclusionVariability in LBTs is influenced by genetic polymorphisms that have a neutral effect on disease risk. These findings have implications for interpreting elevated LBTs in clinical practice.
Humes definitions of virtue
Authors: Qu Hsueh 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHume offers not one, but two definitions of virtue: a more famous one in terms of usefulness or agreeability to the self or to others, and a second in terms of eliciting approbation or disapprobation from spectators. Some scholars endorse the former definition as the more fundamental one; others endorse the latter as more fundamental. This paper argues that neither definition is more fundamental than the other. The two definitions are distinct but complementary, in that they have to rely on each other in various ways.
Biomolecular condensation programs floral transition to orchestrate flowering time and inflorescence architecture
Authors: Huang Xiaozhen , Yang Yongfang , Xu Cao 
Published: October 2024

SummaryBiomolecular condensation involves the concentration of biomolecules (DNA, RNA, proteins) into compartments to form membraneless organelles or condensates with unique properties and functions. This ubiquitous phenomenon has garnered considerable attention in recent years owing to its multifaceted roles in developmental processes and responses to environmental cues in living systems. Recent studies have revealed that biomolecular condensation plays essential roles in regulating the transition of plants from vegetative to reproductive growth, a programmed process known as floral transition that determines flowering time and inflorescence architecture in flowering plants. In this Tansley insight, we review advances in how biomolecular condensation integrates developmental and environmental signals to program and reprogram the floral transition thus diversifies flowering time and inflorescence architecture.
Nonphototrophic hypocotyl 3 domain proteins: traffic directors, hitchhikers, or both?
Authors: Verslues Paul E. , Upadhyay‐Tiwari Neha 
Published: October 2024

SummaryThe nonphototrophic hypocotyl 3 (NPH3) domain is plant specific and of unknown function. It is nearly always attached to an N‐terminal BTB domain and a largely unstructured C‐terminal region. Recent reports revealed NPH3‐domain GTPase activity and connection to intracellular trafficking, condensate formation, membrane attachment of the C‐terminal region for some NPH3‐domain proteins and, at the physiological level, drought‐related function for at least one NPH3‐domain protein. We integrate these new ideas of NPH3‐domain protein function into two, nonexclusive, working models: the ‘traffic director’ model, whereby NPH3‐domain proteins regulate intracellular trafficking and, the ‘hitchhiker’ model whereby NPH3‐domain proteins ride the trafficking system to find ubiquitination targets. Determining which model best applies to uncharacterized NPH3‐domain proteins will contribute to understanding intracellular trafficking and environmental responses.
Variable clinical presentation of hypomorphic DCLRE1C deficiency from childhood to adulthood
Authors: Hazar Esra , Karaselek Mehmet Ali , Kapakli Hasan , Dogar Oznur , Kuccukturk Serkan , Uygun Vedat , Artac Hasibe , Fındık Sıdıka , Sahin Ali , Arslan Sevket , Guner Sukru , Reisli Ismail , Keles Sevgi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn this study, we aimed to report long‐term follow‐up of our pediatric and adult patients with DCLRE1C (DNA cross‐link repair 1C) hypomorphic mutation who were diagnosed leaky severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID).MethodsEighteen patients (13 children and five adults), aged between 6 and 29 years were included. Clinical and immunological features, including immunoglobulin levels, T and B cells, natural killer cell subsets, regulator T (Treg) cell ratios/markers, and cytokines, were assessed before and after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and compared with healthy controls.ResultsRecurrent infections (78%) and skin manifestations (61%) such as granulomatous skin lesions, warts, and vitiligo were the most common clinical findings. Autoimmune diseases were observed in 33% and malignancy in 17%. Most patients had low serum IgA and B‐ and T‐cell lymphopenia at the first admission. Recent thymic emigrants (RTE), Tnaive, Bnaive, CD56dimCD16+ cell ratios were significantly lower in the patients than in control; however, follicular helper T TFH and Th1 [interferon gamma (IFN‐γ)] cell ratios were significantly higher than the control. Although, Treg ratio and its functional receptors tend to be high but not significant. Eleven patients (61.1%) were treated with HSCT. Median follow‐up times of transplant patients was 56 (9–67) months.ConclusionPatients with hypomorphic DCLRE1C mutations may present with variable clinical and laboratory findings at different ages. Our study showed a helper T (Th)1‐dominant immune response before and after HSCT. Increased IFN‐γ and TFH cells ratio could be a reason of chronic inflammation and autoimmunity developing before and after HSCT. Long‐term follow‐up of these patients after HSCT will help to better understand the disease and its pathophysiology.
AST‐001 versus placebo for social communication in children with autism spectrum disorder: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Kim Hyo‐Won , Kim Ji‐Hoon , Chung Un Sun , Kim Johanna Inhyang , Shim Se‐hoon , Park Tae Won , Lee Moon‐Soo , Hwang Jun‐Won , Park Eun‐Jin , Hwang Su‐Kyeong , Joung Yoo‐Sook 
Published: October 2024

AimThis study examined the efficacy of AST‐001 for the core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children.MethodsThis phase 2 clinical trial consisted of a 12‐week placebo‐controlled main study, a 12‐week extension, and a 12‐week follow‐up in children aged 2 to 11 years with ASD. The participants were randomized in a 1:1:1 ratio to a high‐dose, low‐dose, or placebo‐to‐high‐dose control group during the main study. The placebo‐to‐high‐dose control group received placebo during the main study and high‐dose AST‐001 during the extension. The a priori primary outcome was the mean change in the Adaptive Behavior Composite (ABC) score of the Korean Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales II (K‐VABS‐II) from baseline to week 12.ResultsAmong 151 enrolled participants, 144 completed the main study, 140 completed the extension, and 135 completed the follow‐up. The mean K‐VABS‐II ABC score at the 12th week compared with baseline was significantly increased in the high‐dose group (P = 0.042) compared with the placebo‐to‐high‐dose control group. The mean CGI‐S scores were significantly decreased at the 12th week in the high‐dose (P = 0.046) and low‐dose (P = 0.017) groups compared with the placebo‐to‐high‐dose control group. During the extension, the K‐VABS‐II ABC and CGI‐S scores of the placebo‐to‐high‐dose control group changed rapidly after administration of high‐dose AST‐001 and caught up with those of the high‐dose group at the 24th week. AST‐001 was well tolerated with no safety concern. The most common adverse drug reaction was diarrhea.ConclusionsOur results provide preliminary evidence for the efficacy of AST‐001 for the core symptoms of ASD.
Thin‐film iridescence in the eggshell of a stick insect (Myronides glaucus)
Authors: Debruyn Gerben , Büscher Thies H. , Nicolaï Michaël P. J. , Dobson Jessica L. , Xie Wanjie , De Clerck Karen , D'Alba Liliana , Shawkey Matthew D. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractColours in nature can be pigmentary, structural or a combination of both. The prevalence, function and nanostructural origin of structural coloration in eggs is largely unknown. Stick and leaf insect eggs display a wide variety of colours, most of which are produced by pigments. The eggs of Myronides glaucus (Phasmida: Lonchodidae; Hennemann, 2021), however, show a clear purple to green iridescence. Here, we use micro‐spectrophotometry, Fourier‐transform infrared reflectance, transmission‐ and scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, finite‐difference time‐domain optical simulations and experimental approaches to elucidate the mechanism for iridescence in M. glaucus eggshells, which together reveal that iridescence is caused by thin‐film interference by a 200‐ to 450‐nm‐thick outermost layer. These results highlight the diversity of phasmid eggs and the need to study the different mechanisms and functions of structural coloration.
Suicidal thinking and behavior in young people at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis: Psychopathological considerations and treatment response across a 2‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Pelizza Lorenzo , Di Lisi Alessandro , Leuci Emanuela , Quattrone Emanuela , Palmisano Derna , Pellegrini Clara , Pellegrini Pietro , Paulillo Giuseppina , Pupo Simona , Menchetti Marco 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionSuicidal ideation has high rates among individuals at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis (CHR‐P). CHR‐P mental states are currently defined as attenuated psychotic symptoms, brief intermittent psychotic symptoms, or genetic risk and functioning deterioration syndrome. However, the relationship between psychotic experiences and suicidality in CHR‐P subjects is still not fully understood. Research emphasizes the need to address suicidality in CHR‐P individuals due to its incidence and severe socio‐economic impact. This study aimed to assess the baseline prevalence and 2‐year incidence rates of suicidal thinking and behaviors in an Italian CHR‐P sample, investigate the stability of suicidal ideation over 2 years, and examine its associations with treatment outcomes, sociodemographic characteristics, and clinical factors.MethodsCHR‐P participants were treated in an “Early Intervention in Psychosis” program and completed the PANSS and the GAF scale at baseline and every 12 months.Results180 CHR‐P individuals were enrolled (92 with suicidal ideation [SI+]). SI+ subjects had a higher baseline prevalence of past suicide attempts. Over 2 years, a decrease in suicidal ideation severity was observed in the total group. Longitudinal improvement in disorganized symptoms was a key predictor of the decrease in suicidal ideation. Participants with a history of suicide attempts were more likely to attempt again.ConclusionAddressing disorganization is crucial for suicide prevention in the CHR‐P population. Continuous risk monitoring and preventive actions are needed for those with past suicide attempts.
The elephant in the room? Considerations of politics among older adult daters
Authors: Cotton Cassandra , Zamora Castro Analicia 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA sharply polarized political climate may increase the importance single adults place on politics in partner selection. While the importance of politics in dating decisions is not surprising in light of homophily, less is known about how older adults consider political differences in partnering. We answer two questions about older daters and politics: (1) How do older adult daters consider potential partners' political views? and (2) How do perceptions of rising political polarization shape these preferences? We use interview data with 67 adults (aged 55–92) from the Romance and Dating in Later Life study, conducted in Phoenix, AZ, in 2022–2023. Findings show politics are highly salient in partner selection across gender, class, and ideology, suggesting older singles place substantial importance on political views when choosing partners. Many older singles prioritize shared beliefs, while others practice open‐mindedness. Extremist politics, particularly right‐leaning, are viewed as a significant barrier to dating. This study demonstrates how older daters consider political beliefs in dating decisions, particularly considering perceptions of rising polarization. This contributes to research highlighting the role of political ideology in shaping dating decisions by extending the research to include explicit study of mid‐ and late‐life adults, whose dating experiences differ from young adult singles.
Can(‘t) have it all? Parents in the Swiss Parliament
Authors: Frech Elena , Bailer Stefanie , Bütikofer Sarah 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAlthough a large share of parliamentarians are parents, we know little about how parenthood affects legislative activities and careers of parliamentarians. Children cost time and energy and thus may impact legislative behavior and the possibilities to excel in the legislature, e.g. by obtaining higher positions. Moreover, children may have a different impact on the parliamentary careers of mothers than fathers due to asymmetrical care responsibilities. We investigate whether parliamentarians have fewer children than their voters and show the impact of children on parliamentary careers and activities using a new dataset on Swiss national parliamentarians between 2011 and 2020. Our results reveal that there are many parents of minor children in parliament, even more mothers than fathers. In contrast to fathers, mothers are less likely to be successful when it comes to higher positions. Moreover, mothers have a lower average output in individual legislative activities than their male colleagues with or without children.
Origin of Helium and Associated Fluid in Fault‐Related Hydrothermal Systems of the Eastern Pyrenees
Authors: Milesi Gaétan , Cardoso Carolina Dantas , Pik Raphaël , Moreira Manuel , Charpentier Delphine , Mercadier Julien 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIntense hydrothermal activity hosted by regional tectonic structures occurs in the Eastern part of the Pyrenees. Helium isotope ratios (3He/4He) in hot springs along the Têt (0.033–0.099 Ra) and the Tech (0.171–0.375 Ra) faults indicate different signatures from purely crustal to slightly contaminated by magmatic helium. 3He/4He ratio increased towards the East, consistently with the observed thinning of the continental crust. These results suggest localised and not interconnected hydrothermal systems at fault scale. The origin of magmatic helium contamination is discussed in the light of the Gulf of Lion geodynamic evolution and data from comparable orogenic hydrothermal systems in the Alps.
Henri Lefebvre and the spatial revolution that never ends: Towards the reconciliation of anarchist and Marxist approaches in geography?
Authors: Kallin Hamish 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIt is widely accepted that Henri Lefebvre's Marxism had anarchistic traits, but few have tried to specify what these traits are, or what they mean. This paper argues that Lefebvre's work should be seen as first and foremost an anti‐authoritarian theory that uses space, rather than a spatial theory. Written from a position that refuses to be either just ‘Marxist’ or just ‘anarchist’, this paper makes a claim to the possibility of a radical geography that can engage with and beyond both.