bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supported Catalyst Regeneration and Reuse for Upgrading of Athabasca Bitumen in Conjunction With In-Situ Combustion
Authors: Abu Ibrahim I. , Moore R. Gordon , Mehta Sudarshan A. , Ursenbach Matthew G. , Mallory Donald G. , Pereira-Almao Pedro , Scott Carlos E. , Carbognani Ortega Lante 
Published: November 2015

Summary
A commercial supported catalyst was regenerated and reused for three combustion-tube tests to study the upgrading potential of Athabasca bitumen supplied by Japan Canada Oil Sand Ltd. (JACOS). These tests were part of a larger program of combustion-tube tests performed by the In-Situ Combustion Research Group (ISCRG) under the auspices of the Alberta Ingenuity Center for In-Situ Energy (AICISE). The tests were premixed and carried out at the same pressure of 3.45 mPa (500 psi), preheat temperature (95°C), and ignition temperature (350°C). Test 1 used a fresh supported catalyst. Test 2 used a regenerated catalyst retrieved from Test 1, and Test 3 used regenerated catalysts (second time regeneration of catalysts from Test 1) retrieved from Test 2. Significant hydrodenitrogenation (HDN), 52% for the fresh catalyst Test 1, 38.1% for regenerated catalyst Test 2 and 23.8% for regenerated catalyst Test 3, was obtained. The levels of hydrodesulfurisation (HDS) obtained were 18.1, 18.4, and 15.2% for Tests 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The significant HDN and HDS removal coupled with decreased viscosity, increased °API value, and light hydrocarbons indicate upgrading of the original Athabasca bitumen for all three tests. The results showed that although the regenerated catalyst Tests 2 and 3 lost HDN activity compared to the fresh catalyst, the regenerated catalysts were still active for repeated use for in-situ upgrading.
Prospective evaluation of the psychosocial impact of the first 6 months of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliance among young adults
Authors: Prado Renata França , Ramos-Jorge Joana , Marques Leandro Silva , de Paiva Saul Martins , Melgaço Camilo Aquino , Pazzini Camila Alessandra 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To evaluate the psychosocial impact of the first 6 months of orthodontic treatment with a fixed appliance among young adults and compare the results with those of a control group of patients awaiting treatment for malocclusion.

Materials and Methods:
A study was conducted with a sample of 120 patients on a waiting list for orthodontic treatment at a university. The participants were allocated to an experimental group submitted to treatment and a control group awaiting treatment. The groups were matched for sex and age. All participants were instructed to answer the Brazilian version of the Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ) at baseline and after 6 months. Statistical analysis involved the Wilcoxon test for the total PIDAQ score and the score of each subscale. All patients participated until the end of the study.

Results:
Significant differences between baseline and the 6-month evaluation were found for the total PIDAQ score as well as the dental self-confidence and social impact subscales in both groups. No differences between baseline and the 6-month evaluation were found regarding the psychological impact or esthetic concern subscales in the control group. The patients in the experimental group reported greater esthetic impact 6 months after beginning treatment (P &lt; .001). The first 6 months of orthodontic treatment seem to improve psychosocial impact.

Conclusion:
The first 6 months of orthodontic treatment seem to improve the psychosocial impact of malocclusion. The patients analyzed in the present study reported a greater esthetic impact and less psychological impact after 6 months of using an orthodontic appliance.
Commuting : le passage d’un problème de la sphère individuelle au champ du groupe
Authors: Neri Claudio 
Published: November 2015

Le travail analytique de groupe est caractérisé par la centralité du passage de fantasmes, de pensées et de problèmes de la sphère individuelle au champ du groupe. L’importance de ce passage peut être assimilée à celle que revêtent, dans l’analyse duelle, le transfert et le passage de l’inconscient au préconscient et au conscient. J’ai choisi le terme commuting pour indiquer l’ensemble des opérations liées à ce passage. Dans l’anglais courant, un c ommuter est une personne qui vit en banlieue et qui se rend chaque jour en ville pour travailler. Les commuters font la navette dans les deux sens. Dans le petit groupe à visée psychanalytique, pour qu’un commuting puisse avoir lieu, il faut du temps, des efforts et un certain degré de créativité. Dans certains cas, il faut également que la personne « qui souhaite partager un problème » modifie préalablement sa position et son statut à l’intérieur du groupe.
« La Formation à la relation thérapeutique » en faculté de médecine. Comment la psychanalyse peut-elle créer un espace transitionnel entre malade et médecin ?
Authors: Fabre Martine 
Published: November 2015

L’expérience de groupe menée avec les internes de médecine générale à la Faculté Paris Descartes dans un module nommé « Formation à la relation thérapeutique » a permis de dégager la notion d’ambivalence comme un passage nécessaire au dégagement trop réducteur de la pensée médicale, vers un assouplissement de la relation médecin-malade ; la reconnaissance par le groupe de cette évidence permet une amélioration de l’écoute. La notion d’ambivalence se retrouve au sein de diverses articulations dynamiques. Elle est censée amortir toute forme d’excès et censée faire rebondir tous les mouvements plus ou moins inconscients qui se forment, s’allient, se délient dans un groupe de parole clinique. L’ambivalence permet un dégagement, une expression du négatif, et un recul dans un espace transitionnel où la subjectivation peut s’amorcer et permettre une meilleure approche entre soignant-soigné.
Characterization of Amphioxus IFN Regulatory Factor Family Reveals an Archaic Signaling Framework for Innate Immune Response
Authors: Yuan Shaochun , Zheng Tingting , Li Peiyi , Yang Rirong , Ruan Jie , Huang Shengfeng , Wu Zhenxin , Xu Anlong 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The IFN regulatory factor (IRF) family encodes transcription factors that play important roles in immune defense, stress response, reproduction, development, and carcinogenesis. Although the origin of the IRF family has been dated back to multicellular organisms, invertebrate IRFs differ from vertebrate IRFs in genomic structure and gene synteny, and little is known about their functions. Through comparison of multiple amphioxus genomes, in this study we suggested that amphioxus contains nine IRF members, whose orthologs are supposed to be shared among three amphioxus species. As the orthologs to the vertebrate IRF1 and IRF4 subgroups, Branchiostoma belcheri tsingtauense (bbt)IRF1 and bbtIRF8 bind the IFN-stimulated response element (ISRE) and were upregulated when amphioxus intestinal cells were stimulated with poly(I:C). As amphioxus-specific IRFs, both bbtIRF3 and bbtIRF7 bind ISRE. When activated, they can be phosphorylated by bbtTBK1 and then translocate into nucleus for target gene transcription. As transcriptional repressors, bbtIRF2 and bbtIRF4 can inhibit the transcriptional activities of bbtIRF1, 3, 7, and 8 by competing for the binding of ISRE. Interestingly, amphioxus IRF2, IRF8, and Rel were identified as target genes of bbtIRF1, bbtIRF7, and bbtIRF3, respectively, suggesting a dynamic feedback regulation among amphioxus IRF and NF-κB. Collectively, to our knowledge we present for the first time an archaic IRF signaling framework in a basal chordate, shedding new insights into the origin and evolution of vertebrate IFN-based antiviral networks.
An Audit of Diabetes Self-Management Education Programs in South Africa
Authors: Dube Loveness , Van den Broucke Stephan , Dhoore William , Kalweit Kerry , Housiaux Marie 
Published: November 2015

Background Diabetes is a significant contributor to the burden of disease worldwide. Since its treatment requires extensive self-care, self-management education is widely recommended, particularly in resource limited settings. This study aimed to review the current state of policies and implementation of diabetes self-management education (DSME) in South Africa, with a specific focus on cultural appropriateness. Design and Methods The audit involved a review of policy documents and semi-structured questionnaires with providers and experts in public and private health services. Forty-four respondents were interviewed. Documents were analysed with reference to the International Standards for Diabetes Education from the International Diabetes Federation. Data were entered and analysed in excel to give a description of the DSME programs and ad hoc interventions. Results Three guidelines for Type 2 diabetes and two for chronic diseases were retrieved, but none were specifically dedicated to DSME. Five structured programs and 22 ad-hoc interventions were identified. DSME is mostly provided by doctors, nurses and dieticians and not consistently linked to other initiatives such as support groups. Health education materials are mainly in English with limited availability. Conclusions DSME in South Africa is limited in scope, content and consistency, especially in the public services. A National curricula and materials for diabetes education need to be developed and adapted to the socio-economic context, culture and literacy levels of the target populations. It is recommended that DSME would be addressed in national policies and guidelines to guide the development and implementation of standardised programs.
The Human Being as a Unity in Aesthetic Perception and Its Possible Meaning for Aesthetic Education in the Global Age
Authors: Lenehan Katia 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis paper attempts to provide perspective in understanding the human being’s aesthetic perception by synthesizing Thomas Aquinas’s thoughts on aesthetic perception, Thomist Jacques Maritain’s philosophy of art, and Umberto Eco’s analysis and expansion of the aesthetics of Aquinas. Based on this understanding, I reflect on the union of body and spirit as a whole and its possible meaning for aesthetic education in our global age. Reflections will proceed along the following three directions: 1) How is the human being as a whole open to the artifact through which he or she encounters the other (the author/the artist) in aesthetic perception? 2) How can this openness in aesthetic perception help one to accept others and enrich oneself through others? 3) What can we do in aesthetic education to cultivate this openness, which plays a meaningful role in our global age?
Variability in fluence and spectrum of high‐energy photon bursts produced by lightning leaders
Authors: Celestin Sebastien , Xu Wei , Pasko Victor P. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we model the production and acceleration of thermal runaway electrons during negative corona flash stages of stepping lightning leaders and the corresponding terrestrial gamma ray flashes (TGFs) or negative cloud‐to‐ground (−CG) lightning‐produced X‐ray bursts in a unified fashion. We show how the source photon spectrum and fluence depend on the potential drop formed in the lightning leader tip region during corona flash and how the X‐ray burst spectrum progressively converges toward typical TGF spectrum as the potential drop increases. Additionally, we show that the number of streamers produced in a negative corona flash, the source electron energy distribution function, the corresponding number of photons, and the photon energy distribution and transport through the atmosphere up to low‐orbit satellite altitudes exhibit a very strong dependence on this potential drop. This leads to a threshold effect causing X‐rays produced by leaders with potentials lower than those producing typical TGFs extremely unlikely to be detected by low‐orbit satellites. Moreover, from the number of photons in X‐ray bursts produced by −CGs estimated from ground observations, we show that the proportionality between the number of thermal runaway electrons and the square of the potential drop in the leader tip region during negative corona flash proposed earlier leads to typical photon fluences on the order of 1 ph/cm2 at an altitude of 500 km and a radial distance of 200 km for intracloud lightning discharges producing 300 MV potential drops, which is consistent with observations of TGF fluences and spectra from satellites.
Substorm simulation: Formation of westward traveling surge
Authors: Ebihara Y. , Tanaka T. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAuroral substorm expansion is characterized by initial brightening of aurora, followed by a bulge expanding in all directions, and a westward traveling surge (WTS). On the basis of the result obtained by a global magnetohydrodynamic simulation, we propose a scenario for the onset and the subsequent formation of WTS. (1) Near‐Earth neutral line releases magnetic tension in the near‐Earth plasma sheet to compress plasma and accelerate it earthward. (2) Earthward, perpendicular flow is converted to parallel flow in the near‐Earth tail region. (3) Plasma moves earthward parallel to a field line. The plasma pressure is additionally enhanced at off‐equator with an expanding slow‐mode variation. (4) Flow vorticities coexist near the off‐equatorial high‐pressure region. Resultant field‐aligned current (FAC) is connected to the ionosphere, which may manifest initial brightening. (5) Due to continued earthward flow, the high‐plasma pressure region continues to expand to the east and west. (6) The ionospheric conductivity continues to increase in the upward FAC region, and the conductivity gradient becomes steeper. (7) The convergence of the Hall current gives rise to divergent electric field near the steep gradient of the conductivity. (8) Due to the divergent electric field, magnetospheric plasma moves counterclockwise at low altitude (in the Northern Hemisphere). (9) The additional flow vorticity generates a localized upward FAC at low altitudes, which may manifest WTS, and redistributes the ionospheric current and conductivity. Thus, WTS may be maintained in a self‐consistent manner, and be a natural consequence of the overflow of the Hall current.
Multifrequency compressional magnetic field oscillations and their relation to multiharmonic toroidal mode standing Alfvén waves
Authors: Takahashi Kazue , Waters Colin , Glassmeier Karl‐Heinz , Kletzing Craig A. , Kurth William S. , Smith Charles W. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe power spectrum of the compressional component of magnetic fields observed by the Van Allen Probes spacecraft near the magnetospheric equator in the dayside plasmasphere sometimes exhibits regularly spaced multiple peaks at frequencies below 50 mHz. We show by detailed analysis of events observed on two separate days in early 2014 that the frequencies change smoothly with the radial distance of the spacecraft and appear at or very near the frequencies of the odd harmonics of mutiharmonic toroidal mode standing Alfvén waves seen in the azimuthal component of the magnetic field. Even though the compressional component had a low amplitude on one of the selected days, its spectral properties are highlighted by computing the ratio of the spectral powers of time series data obtained from two spatially separated Van Allen Probes spacecraft. The spectral similarity of the compressional and azimuthal components suggests that the compressional component contains field line resonance characteristics.
Electron trapping and acceleration by kinetic Alfven waves in the inner magnetosphere
Authors: Artemyev A. V. , Rankin R. , Blanco M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIn this paper we study the interaction of kinetic Alfven waves generated near the equatorial plane of the magnetosphere with electrons having initial energies up to ∼100 eV. Wave‐particle interactions are investigated using a theoretical model of trapping into an effective potential generated by the wave parallel electric field and the mirror force acting along geomagnetic field lines. It is demonstrated that waves with an effective potential amplitude on the order of ∼100–400 V and with perpendicular wavelengths on the order of the ion gyroradius can trap and efficiently accelerate electrons up to energies of several keV. Trapping acceleration corresponds to conservation of the electron magnetic moment and, thus, results in a significant decrease of the electron equatorial pitch angle with time. Analytical and numerical estimates of the maximum energy and probability of trapping are presented, and the application of the proposed model is discussed.
Evidence for a long‐lived accommodation/transfer zone beneath the Snake River Plain: A possible influence on Neogene magmatism?
Authors: Konstantinou Alexandros , Miller Elizabeth 
Published: November 2015

AbstractGeochronologic data compiled from 12 metamorphic core complexes and their flanking regions outline important differences in tectonic and magmatic histories north and south of the Snake River Plain‐Yellowstone Province (SRP‐Y). Magmatism, crustal flow, metamorphism, and extensional exhumation of core complexes north of the SRP occurred mostly between 55 and 42 Ma as compared to 42–25 Ma south of the SRP, with final exhumation of the southern complexes occurring only during younger Miocene (20–0 Ma) Basin and Range faulting. These significant differences in the timing of events suggest that the now lava‐covered SRP, which is at a high angle to Cordilleran trends, may have at times operated as a steep shear or transfer zone accommodating difference in strain to the north and south. Following previous suggestions, we infer that this proposed accommodation or transfer zone developed above an important lithospheric boundary localized above a tear in the subducting slab (shallower slab angle to the south) used to explain both the locus of Late Cretaceous‐Paleocene magmatism and the different ages and mechanisms of slab reconfiguration and removal north and south of the SRP during the Cenozoic. The details of these different histories help outline the complex evolution of this zone and also suggest that this zone of lithospheric weakness may have subsequently focused Miocene SRP‐Y hot spot magmatism.
Rates and kinematics of active shortening along the eastern Qilian Shan, China, inferred from deformed fluvial terraces
Authors: Hu Xiaofei , Pan Baotian , Kirby Eric , Gao Hongshan , Hu Zhenbo , Cao Bo , Geng Haopeng , Li Qingyang , Zhang Guoliang 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIn the eastern Qilian Shan, a flight of fluvial terraces developed along the Jinta River valley are deformed across the Nanying anticline. Four individual fluvial terraces are preserved at different elevations above the river, and higher terrace treads are draped by systematically thicker aeolian loess. Optically stimulated luminescence dating of deposits at the base of the loess provides constraints on the timing of surface abandonment; terraces were abandoned at 69 ± 4 ka B.P. (T4), 57 ± 4 ka B.P. (T3), and between 34 ± 3 ka B.P. (T2), respectively. Differential GPS measurement of the terrace profile across the anticline allows reconstruction of subsurface fault geometry; we model terrace deformation above a listric thrust fault with a tip line at 2.2 ± 0.1 km depth and whose dip shallows systematically to 23 ± 3° at depth of 5.8 ± 1.1 km. Combining terrace ages with this model of fault geometry, we estimate a shortening rate of 0.8 ± 0.2 mm/a across the Nanying fold and a shortening rate of ~0.1 mm/a across the mountain front fault since ~70 ka B.P. This rate suggests that the frontal fault system along the eastern Qilian Shan accomplishes crustal shortening at rates of approximately 0.9 ± 0.3 mm/a during late Pleistocene time.
Incremental View on Intelligence and High Intrinsic Motivation Increase Working Memory Training Compliance
Authors: Appelgren Alva , Bengtsson Sara L. , Söderqvist Stina 
Published: November 2015

SummaryWorking memory (WM) training is demanding both regarding time and cognitive endurance. Many participants who could benefit from completing the training lose their motivation to do so. Hence, it is valuable to address compliance with the training protocol from a motivational angle. Studies have shown that subjective views on intelligence influence motivation, where individuals believing that intelligence can increase with training, that is, an incremental mind‐set, tend to try harder after setbacks and that high‐intrinsic motivation relates to higher academic performance. We used questionnaires to measure the extent to which mind‐set and intrinsic motivation influenced compliance to complete a WM training program of a minimum of 20 sessions of WM training. Only 53 out of 112 recruited participants, (13 years old (SD = .61)) completed the training. Our results showed that mind‐set and motivation significantly predicted compliance to training, with high motivation and incremental mind‐set being associated with more completed sessions.Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accelerometer‐measured physical activity among older adults in urban India: Results of a study on global AGEing and adult health substudy
Authors: Snodgrass J. Josh , Liebert Melissa A. , Cepon‐Robins Tara J. , Barrett Tyler M. , Mathur Arvind , Chatterji Somnath , Kowal Paul 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTObjectivesAccelerometry provides researchers with a powerful tool to measure physical activity in population‐based studies, yet this technology has been underutilized in cross‐cultural studies of older adults. The present study was conducted among older adults in an urban setting in India with the following three objectives: (1) to compare average activity levels obtained through different durations of monitoring (1, 3, and 7 days); (2) to document differences in physical activity patterns by sex and age; and (3) to evaluate links between measures of physical activity and anthropometrics, as well as between activity parameters and measures of household size, work status, and social cohesion.MethodsThe present study uses data from a physical activity substudy of the World Health Organization's Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE‐PA). This study of 200 older adults (49–90 years old; 72 males, 128 females) in urban India combines 7 continuous days of ActiGraph GT3X accelerometry with anthropometric and sociodemographic data.ResultsResults reveal overall low activity levels, with significantly lower activity energy expenditure (AEE) among females (P < 0.05). No significant differences were documented in activity level by monitoring duration. Age was negatively correlated with AEE in men (P < 0.01) and women (P < 0.001). AEE was positively correlated with BMI in men (P < 0.01) and women (P < 0.05). Finally, women who were more socially integrated had greater AEE (P < 0.01).ConclusionsThis study illustrates the utility of accelerometry for quantifying activity levels in aging populations in non‐Western nations. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:412–420, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.