bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pediatric Residents and Interns in an Italian Hospital Perform Improved Bibliographic Searches when Assisted by a Biomedical Librarian
Authors: Stone Mathew 
Published: February 2016

A Review of:
Gardois, P., Calabrese, R., Colombi, N., Lingua, C., Longo, F., Villanacci, M., Miniero, R., & Piga, A. (2011). Effectiveness of bibliographic searches performed by paediatric residents and interns assisted by librarian. A randomised controlled trial. Health Information and Libraries Journal, 28(4), 273-284. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-1842.2011.00957.x

Objective – To establish whether the assistance of an experienced biomedical librarian delivers an improvement in the searching of bibliographic databases as performed by medical residents and interns.

Design – Randomized controlled trial.

Setting – The pediatrics department of a large Italian teaching hospital.

Subjects – 18 pediatric residents and interns.

Methods – 23 residents and interns from the pediatrics department of a large Italian teaching hospital were invited to participate in this study, of which 18 agreed. Subjects were then randomized into two groups and asked to spend between 30 and 90 minutes searching bibliographic databases for evidence to answer a real-life clinical question which was randomly allocated to them. Each member of the intervention group was provided with an experienced biomedical librarian to provide assistance throughout the search session. The control group received no assistance. The outcome of the search was then measured using an assessment tool adapted for the purpose of this study from the Fresno test of competence in evidence based medicine. This adapted assessment tool rated the “global success” of the search and included criteria such as appropriate question formulation, number of PICO terms translated into search terms, use of Boolean logic, use of subject headings, use of filters, use of limits, and the percentage of citations retrieved that matched a gold standard set of citations found in a prior search by two librarians (who were not involved in assisting the subjects) together with an expert clinician.

Main Results – The intervention group scored a median average of 73.6 points out of a possible 100, compared with the control group which scored 50.4. The difference of 23.2 points in favour of the librarian assisted group was a statistically significant result (p value = 0.013) with a 95% confidence interval of between 4.8 and 33.2.

Conclusion – This study presents credible evidence that assistance provided by an experienced biomedical librarian improves the quality of the bibliographic database searches performed by residents and interns using real-life clinical scenarios.
Canadian Public Libraries Are Aware of Their Role as Information Literacy Training Providers, but Face Several Challenges
Authors: Newton Miller Laura 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

Objective – To explore the current state of information literacy (IL) training in Canadian public libraries, and to identify strategies used for improving IL training skills for staff and patrons.

Design – Mixed-methods approach, including document analysis, observations, and focus group interviews.

Setting – Two libraries of a large public library system in Canada: the central library and one branch library.

Subjects – Six staff members (manager, administrator, training coordinator, instructor, and computer technician) who have been involved in designing and teaching information literacy courses for library patrons and staff.
Methods – The researcher analyzed internal and external library documents related to information literacy, including, but not limited to, reports, posters, lesson plans, newsletters, and training scripts. He also observed interactions and behaviours of patrons during IL training sessions. Finally, he conducted a focus group with people involved in IL training, asking questions about facilities and resources, programs, patron reaction, librarian knowledge of IL theory, and impediments and benefits of IL training programs in public libraries.

Main Results – Staff were aware of the importance of IL training in the library. Attracting more library patrons (including building partnerships with other organizations), improving staff IL and training skills, employing effective strategies for running training programs, and dealing with financial issues were all concerns about running IL training that were highlighted.

Conclusion – Canadian public libraries are well aware of their role as IL training providers, but they still face several challenges in order to improve their effectiveness.
Reference Desk Employees Need Both Research Knowledge and Technical Skills for Successful Reference Transactions
Authors: Shen Lisa 
Published: February 2016

A Review of:
Chan, E. K. (2014). Analyzing recorded transactions to extrapolate the required knowledge, skills, and abilities of reference desk providers at an urban, academic/public library. Journal of Library Administration, 54(1), 23-32. doi:10.1080/01920836.2014.893113

Abstract

Objective – To determine the essential knowledge and skills required by reference positions serving academic and public library patrons.

Design – Data analysis of recorded reference transactions using author-created categories.

Setting – The reference desk of a joint academic and public library in downtown San José, California.

Subjects – A total of 9,683 in-person and phone reference transactions recorded between August 20 and December 29, 2012.

Methods – All reference transactions recorded in the tracking software Gimlet during the fall 2012 semester were downloaded and analyzed in Excel using 17 author-created reference service categories. Of the original 13,827 transaction entries, 4,135 were eliminated because the actual reference questions, an optional entry in Gimlet, were not recorded. Thus these transactions could not be properly categorized for analysis.
Main Results – The most frequently occurred type of reference transaction (16.6%, or 1,607 out of 9,683) out of the 17 categories was assistance for printing, copying, scanning, and wireless network assistance. The next most regularly recorded categories were catalog searching for non-known items (15.0%) and general research (10.9%), which included formulating research questions and selecting the appropriate resources for searching.

When clustering the 17 reference question categories into 4 broader thematic groups, “research-oriented assistance,” including question categories for catalog searching and general research, emerged as the most common question type (31.7%). Technical and equipment assistance (30.8%) was the second most popular category group, followed by facility and policy questions (19.2%), and quick search requests (18.3%).

Conclusion – The study findings suggest that successful reference desk transactions would require library employees to master research knowledge as well as technical computer and equipment skills.
Academic Library Websites Show Heavy Use of Web 2.0 Applications
Authors: Wakimoto Diana K. 
Published: February 2016

A Review of:
Boateng, F., & Liu, Y. Q. (2014). Web 2.0 applications’ usage and trends in top US academic libraries. Library Hi Tech, 32(1), 120-138. doi:10.1108/LHT-07-2013-0093

Abstract

Objective – To explore Web 2.0 application use in academic libraries through determining: Web 2.0 applications used, the purpose of using these applications, and how the use of Web 2.0 is changing.

Design – Exploratory survey of academic library websites using content analysis of websites, blogs, and social networking service platforms.

Setting – Websites of academic libraries in the United States, blog platforms, and social networking services.

Subjects – 100 academic libraries.

Methods – The researchers based their selection of academic library websites on the US News & World Report’s 2013 list of the top 100 best colleges in the United States. The authors created a checklist to determine which Web 2.0 technologies were used by the academic libraries on their websites and for what purposes. The researchers searched for Web 2.0 applications on the main page and one subpage down from the main page. The researchers also used keyword searches on the library’s website to find Web 2.0 applications and searched blog platforms and social networking sites.

Main Results – The authors found that Facebook and Twitter were the most popular Web 2.0 applications and that all of the libraries analyzed used social networking services. Blogs were the second most popular Web 2.0 tool at 99% participation rate, followed closely by RSS (97%) and instant messaging (91%). Libraries used these Web 2.0 tools for information sharing including: outreach, promotion, providing online reference services, subject guides, tutorials, highlighting resources, and posting announcements.

Conclusion – The academic libraries analyzed in this study use Web 2.0 applications to a much greater extent than previous research had shown. The researchers expect to see increased use of Web 2.0 applications by academic libraries in the coming years. They suggest that future research focus on Web 2.0 use by historically black colleges in the United States and on collaboration between academic libraries and other academic units when offering Web 2.0 services.
Accounting And Economic Implications Of Healthcare Information Technology
Authors: Carruth Paul J. , Carruth Ann K. 
Published: February 2016

There is a growing consensus that interoperability of health care technology is greatly needed so that data can be effectively and accurately exchanged across provider groups and organizations to provide quality healthcare while reducing the cost of healthcare delivery. Benefits are expected for physician groups, organizations, and patients. Perhaps most exciting is the opportunity for integrated patient and population level data leading to clinical decision support systems which assist with the management of patients by integrating medical knowledge with patient characteristics and generating computer based reminders, alerts, and guidelines. While research supports a multitude of benefits, challenges exist that require long-term commitment before the reality of an integrated healthcare information technology will exist. This article explores the benefits, the barriers, and the long term impact of Healthcare Information Technology on future healthcare delivery systems.
Four Decades Of African American Portrayals In Magazine Advertising
Authors: Stevenson Thomas H. 
Published: February 2016

This paper examines the frequency of black portrayals as well as the occupations and racial compositions employed in ads depicting blacks in four mass circulation consumer magazines over four decades The portrayal of African Americans in advertising has been of interest to marketers for more than half a century. However, few studies have spanned multiple decades and very few have been extended into the 21st century. This study extends a previous paper (Stevenson 1999) addressing the portrayal of blacks in the consumer print media. Through the use of content analysis, more than 1500 ads were analyzed in these magazines for the years 1975, 1985, 1995, and 2005. Findings indicate that there were significant increases in the numbers of blacks portrayed in the magazines analyzed in this study. It was also determined that where blacks were portrayed in occupational roles, most depictions were “above skilled labor” and that most portrayals utilized mixed peer rather than non-mixed peer depictions. Findings are compared to previous studies, managerial implications are considered, and suggestions for future research are offered.
Environmental changes in the catchment of the Jarosławianka Stream recorded in mill pond deposits
Authors: Florek Wacław , Jonczak Jerzy , Niska Monika , Pasamonik Iwona 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Interdisciplinary studies on environmental evolution during the last 650 years based on the analysis of mill pond deposits have been conducted in the valley of the Jarosławianka Stream (left-bank tributary of the River Wieprza). According to historical data, confirmed also by radiocarbon dating, the water mill was located in the valley in 1351 and operated until the 1960s. The sequence of stratified deposits with a thickness of up to about 2 metres was accumulated in mill pond basin during this period. The vertical variability in the physical and chemical properties of these deposits reflects temporal environmental changes in the catchment, particularly the intensity of chemical and mechanical denudation and human activity. Analysis of subfossil Cladocera suggests four phases in the development of the mill pond. Changing along with the intensity of the pond basin water flow, redox and nutritional conditions are reflected in the spatial variability of deposits, especially their textural parameters, pH and abundance in organic carbon, nitrogen and carbonates.
Meteorological conditions, physiochemical properties, thermal-oxygen stratification, water overturn and water balance of Lake Gardno on Wolin Island
Authors: Tylkowski Jacek , Samołyk Mariusz 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The main research problem of the paper is aimed at determining the proper functioning of Lake Gardno within the period 2012-2014 considered as hydrological years in reference to the physiochemical properties of its waters, water balance, thermal regime and water overturn. Lake Gardno is a representative of non-run-off lake geo-eco-systems; it is situated within the Southern Baltic Sea Coastland at the cliff shore of Wolin Island. The paper analyses how weather conditions affect the specifics of water supplies provided to the lake and seasonal dynamics of its waters, their chemical, thermal and aerobic properties. It also specifies their overturn and balance with a particular emphasis on their supplies together with fog deposits.
Utiliser une simulation vidéo 3D pour approcher les concepts de la cinématique relativiste : étude de cas
Authors: Maisch Clément , Kermen Isabelle , Hosson (de) Cécile , Parizot Étienne 
Published: February 2016

L’observation des effets directement liés à la théorie de la relativité restreinte (TRR) sur des objets de la vie de tous les jours est impossible. En effet, de tels effets ne peuvent être attestés qu’en se déplaçant à des vitesses proches de celle de la lumière c. La réalité virtuelle (RV) permet de visualiser ces effets en utilisant des environnements à trois dimensions dans lesquels les valeurs de la vitesse de déplacement d’objets virtuels (ici, des palets de billard français) et d’observateurs (réels) immergés peuvent s’approcher à loisir de la vitesse de la lumière, ramenée au sein de la simulation à une valeur familière de 1 m/s. Dans cet article nous présentons les résultats d’une étude exploratoire se donnant pour objet l’évaluation de vidéos reproduisant certaines scènes produites pour l’environnement immersif. Cette étude a été conduite auprès de neuf étudiants de master enseignement physique-chimie amenés à enseigner la relativité restreinte. Les vidéos donnent à voir les observables que sont la non-simultanéité d’événements, la déformation des objets mis en scène, la modification de leur vitesse apparente. Les premiers résultats de cette étude permettent de saisir la manière dont ces observables mis en scène contribuent à la mobilisation d’explications de nature relativiste engageant, d’une part, la localisation spatio-temporelle des émissions lumineuses à partir des objets virtuels et celle de leur réception dans l’œil de l’observateur, d’autre part, la transformée de Lorentz.
Systematic Evaluation of Genes and Genetic Variants Associated with Type 1 Diabetes Susceptibility
Authors: Ram Ramesh , Mehta Munish , Nguyen Quang T. , Larma Irma , Boehm Bernhard O. , Pociot Flemming , Concannon Patrick , Morahan Grant 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have found &gt;60 loci that confer genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes (T1D). Many of these are defined only by anonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms: the underlying causative genes, as well as the molecular bases by which they mediate susceptibility, are not known. Identification of how these variants affect the complex mechanisms contributing to the loss of tolerance is a challenge. In this study, we performed systematic analyses to characterize these variants. First, all known genes in strong linkage disequilibrium (r2 &gt; 0.8) with the reported single nucleotide polymorphisms for each locus were tested for commonly occurring nonsynonymous variations. We found only a total of 22 candidate genes at 16 T1D loci with common nonsynonymous alleles. Next, we performed functional studies to examine the effect of non-HLA T1D risk alleles on regulating expression levels of genes in four different cell types: EBV-transformed B cell lines (resting and 6 h PMA stimulated) and purified CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. We mapped cis-acting expression quantitative trait loci and found 24 non-HLA loci that affected the expression of 31 transcripts significantly in at least one cell type. Additionally, we observed 25 loci that affected 38 transcripts in trans. In summary, our systems genetics analyses defined the effect of T1D risk alleles on levels of gene expression and provide novel insights into the complex genetics of T1D, suggesting that most of the T1D risk alleles mediate their effect by influencing expression of multiple nearby genes.
What is Type-Safe Code Reuse?
Authors: Palsberg Jens , Schwartzbach Michael I. 
Published: February 2016

<p>Subclassing is reuse of class definitions. It is usually tied to the use of class names, thus relying on the order in which the particular classes in a program are created. This is a burden, however, both when programming and in theoretical studies.</p><p> </p><p>This paper presents a structural notion of subclassing for typed languages. It is a direct abstraction of the SMALLTALK interpreter and the separate compilation technique of MODULA. We argue that it is the most general mechanism which can be supported by the implementation while relying on the type-correctness of superclasses. In short, it captures type-safe code reuse.</p>
Le « risque solitude » : divorces et vulnérabilité relationnelle
Authors: Martin Claude 
Published: February 2016

Si l’on peut étudier la sociabilité, les réseaux de « proches », les systèmes d’entraide et de solidarité, il est en revanche difficile d’appréhender le phénomène de la solitude. D’une part, il relève plus du ressenti que de l’objectivable. D’autre part, son analyse est rendue complexe par l’intensité des discours et des représentations courantes dont il est l’objet actuellement. Il est vrai que les situations potentiellement génératrices de solitude sont légion : chômage, ruptures conjugales, drogue, maladies, vieillesse, etc. Mais la polarisation de l’attention sur ce phénomène doit moins être considérée comme une preuve de son développement que comme le signe d’une inquiétude partagée par la société globale. Le phénomène de la solitude, non plus comme ressenti individuel, mais comme préoccupation collective, doit, selon l’auteur, être articulé à la formulation de la « question sociale ». Le repli de l’État providence a contribué à mettre en lumière une nouvelle forme de vulnérabilité : la vulnérabilité relationnelle. Se construit ainsi un véritable « risque solitude », au sens de dépendance à l’égard des mesures collectives. Dans un premier temps, l’auteur montre comment, selon les époques, les dissociations familiales ont été diversement interprétées en termes de « risques »; on aboutit aujourd’hui à une lecture qui articule instabilité familiale, vulnérabilité relationnelle et processus d’exclusion. Dans un second temps, l’auteur montre, données empiriques à l’appui, dans quelle mesure la désunion bouleverse les réseaux de sociabilité et d’entraide, aboutissant parfois à cette vulnérabilité relationnelle.
Attachement utilitaire et refus du jeu ethnique. Le rapport au pays d’accueil dans les récits de vie d’un groupe d’immigrants italo-montréalais
Authors: Peressini Mauro 
Published: February 2016

Les récits de vie d’un groupe d’immigrants italiens de Montréal, en tant que révélateurs des identités multiples au moyen desquelles les narrateurs se définissent, servent ici à analyser le traitement réservé au pays d’accueil. Les discours tenus sur les caractéristiques naturelles et spatiales du Canada, sur la société canadienne en général et sur les rapports concrets avec les autochtones montrent que le Canada est jugé positivement ou négativement selon sa capacité de favoriser ou non la réalisation d’un projet migratoire essentiellementfamilialet l’épanouissement d’une vie communautaire à caractèrelocal. Il y a valorisation des identités familiales, de l’identité rattachée à l’appartenance à une communauté de parents et d’amis et de l’identité de « citoyen ». En revanche, les discours expriment une dévalorisation généralisée des identités ethno-nationales. La conclusion suggère de considérer l’attachement utilitaire au pays d’immigration et le refus du jeu ethnique qui se dégagent des discours comme des stratégies liées aux traits socio-professionnels du groupe étudié.
L’émergence d’une nouvelle génération cosmopolite ?
Authors: Laperrière Anne , Compère Lejacques , D'Khissy Majid , Dolce René , Filion Gilbert , Fleurant Nicole , Vendette Marianick 
Published: February 2016

À partir d’une recherche qualitative faite au moyen d’entrevues auprès de 89 jeunes Québécois français, italiens et haïtiens d’une école secondaire montréalaise cosmopolite, les auteurs tentent de cerner comment se construisent socialement les perceptions et stratégies des jeunes concernant les relations interethniques dans trois espaces sociaux : la famille, le quartier et l’école. Les éléments propices à l’échange et ceux qui y font obstacle sont mis en lumière. La primauté accordée aux caractéristiques individuelles sur celles du groupe, la relativisation des cultures, la reconnaissance de la nécessité des accommodements et de la réciprocité dans l’échange favorisent le rapprochement, à l’encontre des tensions linguistiques, raciales et de valeurs. L’ensemble des jeunes arrive à une même définition des principes de base d’un fonctionnement pluraliste harmonieux en fin de secondaire, à partir de cheminements différents conditionnés par les valeurs transmises par les familles des divers groupes ethniques.
Familles, malades chroniques et jeunes en difficulté : la médiation des organisations
Authors: Gubrium Jaber F. , Archambault Johanne 
Published: February 2016

Les problèmes intergénérationnels connaissent diverses formes et différentes intensités. Comment l’entité familiale gère-t-elle ces problèmes et prend-elle soin de ses membres ? L’observation systématique de quelques groupes de personnes soutiens dans des situations organisationnelles différentes permet de montrer que les représentations véhiculées par les participants de ces groupes sont profondément marquées par les contextes organisationnels dans lesquels se déroulent ces activités. L’idée de la responsabilité familiale ne se construit pas de la même manière selon divers contextes : familial, médical ou légal. Ils produisent des articulations différentes de l’ordre domestique, selon les philosophies d’action des organisations, et les services qu’elles offrent.
Les abus en institution : réflexion sur les soins dispensés aux aînés
Authors: Beaulieu Marie 
Published: February 2016

La question des abus associés aux soins et aux services dispensés aux personnes âgées en institution est au coeur de cet article. Comment les abus sont-ils définis, identifiés et « traités » par le personnel cadre des établissements ? Dans un contexte où les institutions accueillent une clientèle de plus en plus dépendante, alors même que les budgets diminuent, le personnel interrogé établit un lien entre les abus commis et la transformation des conditions de travail, tout en reconnaissant l’importance d’une composante individuelle dans la dynamique des abus.