bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
WAYS OF IMPROVEMENT OF ORGANIZATIONAL&amp;LEGAL STATUS OF THE CENTRES OF PATRIOTIC EDUCATION
Authors: Ибрагимова Айгуль , Ibragimova Aygul 
Published: April 2016

In article contains the author’s conclusions from the analysis of regional legal acts on the Centers of Patriotic education. Three options for improving the organizational and legal positions of the centers of Patriotic education examined. Legal, institutional,
financial, and fiscal risks of proposed options assessed. Expected effects from adopting each option projected. Examples of each option are given.
Submodular Stochastic Probing on Matroids
Authors: Adamczyk Marek , Sviridenko Maxim , Ward Justin 
Published: April 2016

In a stochastic probing problem we are given a universe E, and a probability that each element e in E is active. We determine if an element is active by probing it, and whenever a probed element is active, we must permanently include it in our solution. Moreover, throughout the process we need to obey inner constraints on the set of elements taken into the solution, and outer constraints on the set of all probed elements. All previous algorithmic results in this framework have considered only the problem of maximizing a linear function of the active elements. Here, we consider submodular objectives.We provide new, constant-factor approximations for maximizing a monotone submodular function subject to multiple matroid constraints on both the elements that may be taken and the elements that may be probed. We also obtain an improved approximation for linear objective functions, and show how our approach may be generalized to handle k-matchoid constraints.
Exploring the quality of life of depressed and nondepressed, home-dwelling, Norwegian adults
Authors: Halvorsrud Liv , Kalfoss Mary 
Published: April 2016

Aim: This study aims to explore how intimacy, physical and psychological health, loneliness, and attitudes to ageing at a time of loss affect the overall quality of life (QoL) of nondepressed and depressed older adults. Method: This was a randomised, stratified, cross-sectional study with two subsamples: depressed (n=74; mean: 77.9 years; 65% female) and nondepressed (n=356; mean: 75.0 years; 55% female), and based on the Geriatric Depression Scale-15. Results: Physical health accounted for the greatest variance in overall QoL in the nondepressed group; psychological health, losses, and feelings of intimacy also made significant contributions. In the depressed group, intimacy made the strongest contribution, while psychological health came a close second. Conclusions: Physical health, psychological health, and loss were important to the QoL of nondepressed older adults, while intimacy was important for QoL in both depressed and nondepressed older adults. For those who are depressed, feelings of intimacy, in the form of having opportunities to express and receive love, are especially relevant and should be assessed by health professionals when planning interventions.
Is full pre-hospital spinal immobilisation best for the patient? A review of current controversies
Authors: Mays Ben 
Published: April 2016

Spinal immobilisation has long been an accepted part of pre-hospital care. There is, however, a lack of evidence that spinal immobilisation is effective in reducing spinal cord injury (SCI). The aim of this article is to review a broad range of literature in relation to spinal immobilisation and consider some of the current controversies. Despite a lack of high-quality research, following a comprehensive literature search, 13 pieces of primary research and 4 pieces of secondary research were identified. The literature identified a number of potential controversies relating to the principal effectiveness of immobilisation, side effects of immobilisation and patient outcome in comparison to non-immobilised patients. Given these areas of controversy, many of which are of fundamental importance, it seems logical that further high-quality research is required to establish whether spinal immobilisation is effective or otherwise.
Effect of Elective Bentall Procedure on Left Ventricular Systolic Function and Functional Status: Long-Term Follow-Up in 90 patients
Authors: Djokic Olivera , Otasevic Petar , Micovic Slobodan , Tomic Slobodan , Milojevic Predrag , Boskovic Srdjan , Djukanovic Bosko 
Published: April 2016

Because there are so few data on the long-term effects on left ventricular systolic function and functional status in patients who electively undergo Bentall procedures, we established a retrospective study group of 90 consecutive patients. This group consisted of 71 male and 19 female patients (mean age, 54 ± 10 yr) who had undergone the Bentall procedure to correct aortic valve disease and aneurysm of the ascending aorta, from 1997 through 2003 in a single tertiary-care center. We monitored these patients for a mean period of 117 ± 41 months for death, left ventricular ejection fraction and volume indices, and functional capacity as determined by New York Heart Association (NYHA) class.
There were no operative deaths. The survival rate was 73.3% during follow-up. There were 10 cardiac and 13 noncardiac deaths, and 1 death of unknown cause. Echocardiography was performed before the index procedure and again after 117 ± 41 months. In surviving patients, statistically significant improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction, in comparison with preoperative values (0.49 ± 0.11 vs 0.41 ± 0.11; P <0.0001), was noted at follow-up. Similarly, we observed statistically significant reductions in left ventricular end-systolic (39.24 ± 28.7 vs 48.77 ± 28.62 mL/m2) and end-diastolic volumes (54.63 ± 6.97 vs 59.17 ± 8.92 mL/m2; both P <0.0001). Most patients (53/66 [80.3%]) progressed from a higher to a lower NYHA class during the follow-up period.
The Bentall procedure significantly improved long-term left ventricular systolic function and functional status in surviving patients who underwent operation on a nonemergency basis.
Biventricular Myocardial Performance Is Impaired in Proportion to Severity of Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Akyol Selahattin , Cortuk Mustafa , Baykan Ahmet Oytun , Kiraz Kemal , Borekci Abdurrezzak , Seker Taner , Gur Mustafa , Cayli Murat 
Published: April 2016

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and death. Little information is available regarding the relationship between the severity of OSA and myocardial performance in OSA patients who have normal ejection fractions. We prospectively investigated this relationship, using the tissue-Doppler myocardial performance index (TD-MPI).
We conducted overnight, full-laboratory polysomnographic examinations of 116 patients, and calculated the left and right ventricular TD-MPIs. Patients were classified into 3 groups in accordance with their apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) levels: AHImild (≥5 to <15), AHImoderate (≥15 to <30), and AHIsevere (≥30).
Left and right ventricular TD-MPI values were higher in the AHIsevere group than in the AHImild and AHImoderate groups (all P <0.05). In addition, right ventricular TD-MPI values in the AHImoderate group were higher than those in the AHImild group (P <0.05). Right ventricular TD-MPI was significantly associated with AHI (β=0.468, P <0.001), left ventricular TD-MPI, and right ventricular early-to-late filling velocities (E/A ratio) in multiple linear regression analysis. On the other hand, left ventricular TD-MPI was significantly associated with right ventricular TD-MPI and left ventricular E/A ratio (both P <0.05).
Our results show that OSA severity, determined by means of AHI, is independently associated with impaired right and left ventricular function as indicated by TD-MPI in patients who have OSA and normal ejection fractions.
Valve Replacement with a Sutureless Aortic Prosthesis in a Patient with Concomitant Mitral Valve Disease and Severe Aortic Root Calcification
Authors: Lio Antonio , Scafuri Antonio , Nicolò Francesca , Chiariello Luigi 
Published: April 2016

Aortic valve replacement with concomitant mitral valve surgery in the presence of severe aortic root calcification is technically difficult, with long cardiopulmonary bypass and aortic cross-clamp times.
We performed sutureless aortic valve replacement and mitral valve annuloplasty in a 68-year-old man who had severe aortic stenosis and moderate-to-severe mitral regurgitation. Intraoperatively, we found severe calcification of the aortic root. We approached the aortic valve through a transverse aortotomy, performed in a higher position than usual, and we replaced the valve with a Sorin Perceval S sutureless prosthesis. In addition, we performed mitral annuloplasty with use of an open rigid ring.
The aortic cross-clamp time was 63 minutes, and the cardiopulmonary bypass time was 83 minutes. No paravalvular leakage of the aortic prosthesis was detected 30 days postoperatively.
Our case shows that the Perceval S sutureless bioprosthesis can be safely implanted in patients with aortic root calcification, even when mitral valve disease needs surgical correction.
PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI TAHU UNTUK PRODUKSI BIOMASSA MIKROALGA Nannochloropsis Sp SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU BIODIESEL
Authors: Widayat Widayat , Hadiyanto H 
Published: April 2016

Indonesia is one of one of productive tofu producer both for industry or home made scale. Tofu industries contribute wastewater up to 20 millions cubic meter (m3) per year. Currently, tofu waste water was treated by anaerobic and aerobic methods which reveal some disadvantages. To overcome the disadvantages of both methods, wastewater of tofu industry was used as a medium for the cultivation of microalgae. Nannochloropsis sp is one of microalgae species which has high content of lipid and thus can be converted to biodiesel. This study examined the growth rate, biomass productivity, reduced organic levels of COD and BOD, and total lipid of microalgae Nannochloropsis sp which cultivated in tofu wastewater medium. The optimum growth of Nannochloropsis sp was found at 20% vol of liquid waste water which produce lipids of 34.25 % and also can reduce COD up to 77.40 %. The optimum nutrients of NaHCO3 was showed at the composition of 70 mg / L which decrease COD up to 78.81 % and produce lipids 16.841 %. The addition of nutrition every 4 days was able to reduce the COD up to 81.835 % and produce 14.195 % yield of lipids. Keywords: tofu wastewater, Nannochloropsis sp., biodiesel, COD & BODAbstrak Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara penghasil tahu yang cukup produktif baik skala industri maupun rumahan. Industri tahu menyumbang limbah cair mencapai 20 juta meter kubik (m3) per tahun. Pada saat ini pengolahan limbah tahu cair dilakukan dengan metode anaerobik maupun aerobik. Akan tetapi kedua metode tersebut memiliki beberapa kelemahan. Untuk mengatasi kelemahan kedua metode tersebut, limbah tahu cair dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai media kultivasi mikroalga. Nannochloropsis sp merupakan mikroalga yang mampu menghasilkan lipid yang besar tersebut dapat dikonversi menjadi salah satu energi alternative biodiesel. Dalam penelitian ini dikaji laju pertumbuhan, produktivitas biomassa, penurunan kadar organik COD dan BOD, dan total lipid mikroalga jenis Nannochloropsis sp yang dikultivasi pada medium limbah tahu cair. Pertumbuhan Nannochloropsis sp. optimum pada medium 20% volume limbah tahu cair yang menghasilkan lipid sebanyak 34,25% dan dapat menurunkan COD hingga 77,40%. Penambahan nutrisi NaHCO3optimum pada komposisi 70 mg/l yang mampu menurunkan COD sebesar 78,81% dan menghasilkan lipid sebanyak 16,841%. Waktu penambahan nutrisi setiap 4 hari sekali mampu menurunkan COD sebesar 81,835% dan menghasilkan lipid sebesar 14,195%. Keywords: limbah tahu, Nannochloropsis sp., biodiesel, COD & BOD
PENGARUH JALAN LINGKUNGAN SEBAGAI RUANG INTERAKSI SOSIAL TERHADAP LINGKUNGAN PERMUKIMAN BUNGUR, JAKARTA PUSAT
Authors: Yuliastuti Nany , Tanjung Adinda Sekar 
Published: April 2016

<span class="hps">Streets are one of important network that will connect between area<span lang="EN-AU">.</span> Streets are the stage for commerce and exchange of goods, even for doing work, especially in eastern countries (Jacobs in Kiang et al, 2010<span lang="EN-AU">:</span>160). Street of Asia have been and continue to evolve as distinct from those of the west, reflecting the unique Asian cultures (Dayaratne in Kiang et al, 2010<span lang="EN-AU">:</span>63). The unique can be looked from street that used for held community festival, held funeral, street market, and social activity space, etc.Residential street became public space that very useful for social interaction space (visible in daily activity and community festival). Activities that happen on the street eventually will add other functions on the street as a space of social interaction. <span lang="EN-AU">Residential streets</span> in the <span lang="EN-AU">Bungur Sub District, Central Jakarta</span> used by the public as a space for exchanging ideas, buying and selling, children's playground, and an annual festival.The aim of this research is to analyze influence residential street and alley function as social interaction space on neighborhood environment<span lang="EN-AU">.</span> However, research method that used in this final project is quantitative with survey research strategy and statistic descriptive as analysis method. The results showed that the <span lang="EN-AU">residential streets</span> in <span lang="EN-AU">Bungur Sub District</span> has become a public space that allows people to interact with each other<span lang="EN-AU"> (</span>shown by a variety of activities<span lang="EN-AU">)</span>. Social interaction has strengthened the social ties <span lang="EN-AU">and realized a</span> strong kinship<span lang="EN-AU"> in these neighborhood</span>.<em><span> </span></em></span>
Diagnostic Value of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Evaluation of Malignant and Benign Solitary Thyroid Nodules
Authors: Priedītis Pēteris , Radziņa Maija , Štrumfa Ilze , Narbuts Zenons , Ozoliņs Arturs , Vanags Andrejs , Gardovskis Jānis 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in differentiating benign and malignant thyroid nodules. Thirty-five patients with morphologically proved thyroid nodules (17 malignant; 18 benign), underwent CEUS examination. Five enhancement patterns were evaluated: vascularisation, homogeneity, presence of peripheral rim type enhancement, wash-out rate of the contrast medium, and enhancement using microvascular imaging application. Time-intensity curves (TIC) were analysed in post-processing and defined as three types: slow versus rapid and stable versus rapid biphasic wash-out. Diagnostic value of the listed CEUS parameters was calculated. The results showed medium strength correlation between morphology (benign versus malignant nodule) and type of TIC curve r
s
= 0.38 (p = 0.021), as well as between mode of contrast enhancement r
s
= 0.39 (p = 0.022) and wash-out pattern r
s
=0.39 (p = 0.024). The overall pooled sensitivity of selected diagnostic parameters was 82%, specificity 57%, and accuracy 70%. Malignant nodules were characterised by iso- or hypovascular contrast enhancement and slow wash-out, while benign nodules showed hypervascular enhancement with rapid wash-out TIC curve and rim-like pattern. The CEUS patterns significantly differed between malignant and benign thyroid nodules with high diagnostic accuracy. Thus, CEUS has important clinical value as an additional tool to ultrasound and fine needle biopsy.
Spruce Needle Polyprenols Protect Against Atorvastatin-Induced Muscle Weakness and do not Influence Central Nervous System Functions in Rats
Authors: Jansone Baiba , Dzirkale Zane , Jekabsons Kaspars , Pilipenko Vladimirs , Beitnere Ulrika , Māgure Ingrīda , Skumbiņš Raimonds , Klētnieks Uģis , Vanaga Ilona , Muceniece Ruta , Kluša Vija 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Polyprenols (PPs) have been identified in almost all living organisms. The richest source of PPs is the needles of conifer trees. Endogenously, PPs, similarly to cholesterol, are synthesised in human and animal cells via the mevalonate pathway. Previous studies have demonstrated the anti-oxidant properties of PPs. To our knowledge, no studies have been published on the influence of PPs on muscle strength. We hypothesised that administration of PPs could prevent changes in muscle functioning caused by statins (weakness, etc.). In the present study, atorvastatin (80 mg/kg) was used as a model compound. PPs at doses 1, 10 and 20 mg/kg were administered. Both drugs were given per os for 16 days. The influence of atorvastatin, PPs and their combination on behaviour, muscle strength, plasma cholesterol and creatine kinase activity was assessed in female Wistar rats. Our data demonstrated that atorvastatin considerably impaired muscle strength, whereas PPs protected that effect. Neither PPs, nor atorvastatin influenced plasma cholesterol levels, whereas PPs at dose 20 mg/kg elevated creatine kinase activity by about 25%. PPs at the tested doses did not alter behaviour, indicating safety of central nervous system functions. The obtained data suggest usefulness of PPs as a complement in statin therapy to reduce muscle-related side effects.
Observations on the perspectives and limits of the evidence-based approach in the evaluation of gamification processes
Authors: Bruni Filippo 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
As continually greater attention is given to the processes of gamification, the dimension pertaining to evaluation must also be focussed on the purpose of avoiding ineffective forms of banalisation. In reference to the evidence-based approach proposed by Mayer and in highlighting its possibilities and limits, an experiment is herein presented related to teacher training, in which we attempt to unite some traits of the processes of gamification to a first evaluation screen. The data obtained, if they seem on the one hand, indicate an overall positive perception on the part of the attendees, on the other though, they indicate forms of resistance and of saturation with respect to both the excessively competitive mechanisms and the peer evaluation procedures.
Rechtsdogmatik als Gegenstand der Rechtssoziologie
Authors: Schulz-Schaeffer Ingo 
Published: April 2016

Zusammenfassung
Bis heute bringt die Rechtssoziologie für die Rechtsdogmatik, also für die Tätigkeit und die Erzeugnisse der methodisch kontrollierten Auslegung des kodifizierten Rechts, wenig Interesse auf. Ihren Gegenstand sieht die Rechtssoziologie in der Erforschung der empirischen sozialen Rechtswirklichkeit. Die gültigen Regeln der Auslegung des geltenden Rechts sind, sofern sie in der Rechtspraxis Beachtung finden, Bestandteil der Konstitution dieser Rechtswirklichkeit. Dem rechtssoziologischen Desinteresse an der Rechtsdogmatik liegt mithin explizit oder implizit die Annahme zu Grunde, dass die Rechtsdogmatik keinen beachtenswerten Beitrag dieser Art zur Konstitution der Rechtswirklichkeit leistet. Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht einige Entwicklungslinien der Rechtssoziologie, die dieser Annahme Vorschub geleistet haben. In der Auseinandersetzung mit ihnen wird argumentiert, dass Anlass zu einer veränderten Bewertung der soziologischen Relevanz der dogmatischen Jurisprudenz besteht.
Die Anforderungen mediatorischer Konfliktbearbeitung
Authors: Maiwald Kai-Olaf 
Published: April 2016

Zusammenfassung
Für die gegenwärtige Entwicklung der Mediation in Deutschland ist eine sukzessive Ausweitung ihrer Anwendungsgebiete kennzeichnend. Dabei wird der Frage, ob diese Art der Konfliktbearbeitung auch für die jeweiligen Konfliktlagen geeignet ist, kaum Beachtung geschenkt. Um diese Frage soziologisch zu bearbeiten, benötigt man einen Begriffsrahmen, der klärt, welche Anforderungen Mediation an die zu bearbeitenden Konflikte und das mediatorische Handeln stellt. Der Artikel schlägt in dieser Hinsicht eine typologische Bestimmung vor, die sich auf die je spezifische Pragmatik von Formen der Konfliktvermittlung konzentriert. Im Vergleich mit „Friedensstiftung“, Rechtsprechung und Schlichtung wird unter anderem herausgearbeitet, dass eine zentrale Anforderung der Mediation in dem Vorliegen einer umfassenden vermittelten Kooperationsorientierung besteht. Eine der zentralen Aufgaben des Mediators besteht in der stellvertretenden Sicherung der jeweiligen Kooperationsbasis.
Besprechungsessay. An ethology of judgment?
Authors: Pottage Alain 
Published: April 2016

Summary
Bruno Latour’s La fabrique du droit offers an ethological account of law as a specific regime of véridiction (truth-enunciation). Although Latour focuses on France’s Conseil d’Etat, which is by any standard a quite peculiar institution, his intensive exploration of the practices, routines and dispositions which condition the making of legal judgment in that setting looks beyond the particular institution to the broader dimension of law’s implication in society. More specifically, the Conseil d’Etat serves as a foil for a comparison between the court and the laboratory as a site of scientific véridiction. This article reflects on some aspects of this comparative ethology, focusing, first, on the question whether law as a technologically impoverished set of practices might indeed be illuminated by a comparison with the technologically-mediated practices that animate the laboratory, and, second, on the possibility of productive engagement between Latour’s ethological approach and alternative ways of illuminating law’s native paradoxes.
Billigkeit und effektiver Rechtsschutz
Authors: Calliess Gralf-Peter 
Published: April 2016

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über den Forschungsstand der Systemtheorie zur Frage nach der Entstehung eines Weltrechts. Besonderes Augenmerk richtet sich dabei auf die Voraussetzungen von Rechtsevolution als Anpassung des Rechtssystems an die Globalisierung seiner innergesellschaftlichen Umwelt. Am Beispiel der römischen Aequitas und der englischen Equity wird herausgearbeitet, dass (1) auf der prozessualen Ebene effektiver Rechtsschutz und auf der materiellen Ebene Entscheidungen nach Billigkeit entscheidende rechtssystemendogene Faktoren der erfolgreichen Ko-Evolution von Recht und Gesellschaft sind, und dass (2) sich im Falle diesbezüglicher Evolutionsblockaden Innovationen häufig außerhalb des etablierten Rechtssystems in alternativen Streitschlichtungssystemen ergeben. Aus demselben Grunde vollziehen sich Innovationen, die zur Anpassung des Rechts an die Globalisierung führen, vorwiegend außerhalb des etablierten nationalen und internationalen Rechts in funktionalen (issue-specific) und autonomen (self-contained) Regimes, die aufgrund ihres im Hinblick auf die Unterscheidung öffentlich/privat hybriden Charakters als globale Zivilregimes bezeichnet werden.
Hypertext und Recht
Authors: Boehme-Neßler Volker 
Published: April 2016

Zusammenfassung
Sprache ist eine soziale Institution. Neue Entwicklungen und Formen der Sprache sind kein ausschließlich grammatisches, linguistisches oder literarisches Phänomen. Wenn sich Sprache ändert, ändert sich auch das Denken, das Rechtsdenken und schließlich das Recht selbst. Ohne weiteres einsichtig ist, dass auch das Rechtssystem von den Kommunikationsmedien geprägt wird. Deshalb ist zu erwarten, dass das Internet tief greifende Auswirkungen auf das derzeit existierende Rechtssystem haben wird. Wie diese Auswirkungen aussehen können, soll an einem konkreten und typischen Aspekt des Internets untersucht werden: Wie ändern Hypertexte das Denken und das Recht? Der Beitrag kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass das Recht durch die Einwirkungen des Internet und der Hypertextkultur synästhetischer, subjektiver, privater und flüchtiger wird. Innerhalb des Rechts wird eine Akzentverschiebung stattfinden. Der Stellenwert des Rechts insgesamt wird sich ändern. Das Recht muss deshalb eine neue Rolle finden. Wenn es sich dieser Herausforderung nicht stellt, läuft es Gefahr, irrelevant zu werden.