bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of climate on risk of mania
Authors: Medici C.R. , Vestergaard C.H. , Hadzi-Pavlovic D. , Munk-Jørgensen P. , Parker G. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionBipolar disorder varies with season: admissions for depression peak in winter and mania peak in summer. Sunlight presumably increases the risk of mania through suppression of melatonin. If so, we expect admissions for mania to vary in accordance with climate variations.ObjectivesTo investigate how climate and climate changes affects admissions for mania.AimsTo identify which climate variables – sunshine, ultraviolet radiation, rain and snow cover – affect admissions for mania.To examine whether year-to-year weather variation as well as long-term climate changes reflects the variation in number of admissions for mania.MethodsThis register-based nationwide cohort study covers all patients admitted for mania (ICD-10 code F31 or F30.0–F30.2) between 1995 and 2012 in Denmark. Climate data, obtained from the Danish Meteorological Institute, were merged with admission data and correlated using an Unobserved Component Model regression model.Preliminary resultsIn total, 8893 patients were admitted 24,313 times between 1995 and 2012: 6573 first-admissions and 17,740 readmissions. Linear regression shows significant association between admissions per day and hours of sunshine (P < 0.01) and ultraviolet radiation (UV) dose (P < 0.01). Average days with snow cover and rain were not significantly correlated with admissions. Analyses on year-to-year variation and long-term change are not yet available.Preliminary conclusionsAdmissions for mania are correlated with sunshine and UV, but not rain and snow cover. If more patients are admitted during very sunny summers compared with less sunny summers this implies a relation with light itself and not just season.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The relationship between premorbid adjustment and cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia
Authors: Stefanatou P. , Karatosidi C.S. , Kattoulas E. , Stefanis N. , Smyrnis N. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionPremorbid adjustment (PA) is one of the main prognostic indicators of schizophrenia. Both social and cognitive deficits observed during the premorbid period hold a predictive value for the onset of schizophrenia.ObjectivesTo investigate how cognitive functions are related to aspects of PA.AimsTo examine the relationship of each PA domain (academic and social) at each of the three developmental stages (childhood, early adolescence and late adolescence), as well as their course with the cognitive functions in schizophrenia patients.MethodsPA, intellectual quotient (IQ), verbal learning, memory, processing speed, executive functions and verbal fluency were assessed using PAS, WAIS, RAVLT, TMT, WCST and COWAT measures respectively in a sample of 85 clinically stabilized male schizophrenia inpatients.ResultsNegative correlations emerged between academic PA during adolescence and both verbal IQ and processing speed, while positive correlations were found with working memory. Negative correlations emerged between deterioration in academic PA during adolescence and both processing speed and immediate auditory verbal recall, while correlations with verbal learning were positive. There was no relationship between cognitive functions and either social PA or its deterioration.ConclusionOur findings revealed significant associations between both academic PA and its course with cognitive functions in schizophrenia patients. In summary, deficits in several fields of cognitive functions seem to follow a different path long before and after the onset of the disease, but further investigation is necessary.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Epigenetic signature of glucocorticoid receptor is associated with the familial component of depression: A twin-based study
Authors: Palma-Gudiel H. , Cordova-Palomera A. , Marquès Feixa L. , Cirera Miquel F. , Fañanás L. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionDespite the fact that depression has an estimated heritability around 40%, there is no definitive candidate gene contributing to its etiology. The lack of an identified genetic component for high-heritability disorders, like depression, gave rise to the concept of missing heritability. The epigenetics’ field has pushed forward new hypotheses to fill this gap since transgenerational inheritance of epigenetic patterns has been described both in animal models and, more recently, in humans. Depression is usually associated with an abnormal stress response and an altered hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, regulated by the glucocorticoid receptor (coded by NR3C1 gene). Therefore, NR3C1 has been widely investigated as a functional candidate gene involved in anxious-depressive spectrum disorders (ADSD) although a more comprehensive study of its methylation is further required (Palma-Gudiel et al., 2015).AimsTo analyze NR3C1 promoter's methylation and to study its association with anxious-depressive spectrum disorders.MethodsThe sample consisted of 48 pairs of monozygotic twins, from the UB twin register, grouped as concordant, discordant and healthy pairs depending on whether both, one or none of the co-twins of each pair were affected by a lifetime ADSD, according to DSM-IV criteria (SCID). DNA methylation was assessed by bisulfite conversion and subsequent pyrosequencing.ResultsHypermethylation at specific CpG sites, not previously reported, was detected in concordant twin pairs as compared with discordant and healthy groups (P = 0.03).ConclusionsThe epigenetic pattern newly described in NR3C1 gene may be contributing to the familial component of depression and thus could be putatively explained by transgenerational inheritance of epigenetic phenomena.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
A multi-attribute utility instrument suitable for use in individuals with psychosis – the AQoL-4D: Findings from the Second Australian National Survey of Psychosis
Authors: Neil A. , Carr V. , Mackinnon A. , Waterreus A. , Stain H. , Hanlon M.C. , Korn S. , Morgan V. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionMulti-attribute utility instruments (MAUIs) are generic health-related quality of life (HRQoL) measures that enable valuation of health states relative to death (0.0) and full health (1.0). The usefulness of MAUIs in people with psychosis has been questioned, with the EQ-5D considered “insensitive”, the 15D “problematic” and the SF-6D “unsuitable”.ObjectivesConfirm the Assessment of Quality of Life (AQoL)-4D MAUI is useful and meaningful in people with psychosis.AimsAssess utility values across demographic, general and disease-specific health categorisations for a large nationally-representative sample with psychosis (n = 1825).MethodsParticipants underwent a comprehensive 32 module interview encompassing psychopathology to service use. Utility values were calculated by applying a standard algorithm to responses to each of 12 items of the AQoL-4D.ResultsUtility values were assessed for 1793 participants (98.2%). No ceiling effect was observed and only 6.6% of participants scored in the top decile of HRQoL [0.9–10.0]. In contrast, 10.8% scored in the lowest decile [−0.04–0.10], a floor effect observed in 0.4%. The mean utility value was 0.49 (95% CI: 0.48–0.51), significantly lower than the Australian population norm of 0.81 (95% CI: 0.81–0.82). Greatest impacts on HRQoL were for diminishing global independent functioning as measured by the MSIF (ESMSIF: 0.68–2.24), self-rated current mental health (ESMH: 0.15–1.65) and physical health status (ESPH: 0.11–1.21). Strong effects also observed for course of disorder (ESCoD: 0.08–1.13), current suicidal ideation (ESCSI1: 0.76–1.08), and labor force participation (ESLFP: 0.11–0.97).ConclusionsThe AQoL-4D had good lower end sensitivity in a large sample of people with a psychotic illness, and demonstrated responsiveness across subjective, objective and symptom measures.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Association analysis of imbalanced interhemispheric functional coordination and early therapeutic efficacy in major depressive disorder: Evidence from resting state fMRI
Authors: Hou Z. , Song X. , Jiang W. , Yue Y. , Yin Y. , Zhang Y. , Liu Y. , Yuan Y. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionEmerging evidences indicate that the alteration of interhemispheric functional coordination may be involved in the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD). In present study, we aim to explore the potential marker by using the voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) approach, which may be contributing to predict the clinical prognosis in MDD.MethodsEighty-two MDD patients and 50 normal control (NC) subjects participated in this study. We divided the MDD group into unremitted and remitted group according to the reduction rate of Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD) within 2 weeks.ResultsThe study detected significantly decreased VMHC in bilateral precuneus (pCu), inferior temporal gyrus (ITG) and increased VMHC in middle frontal gyrus (MFG) and caudate nucleus when compared remitted depression (RD) group to unremitted depression (URD) group. Meanwhile, when compared with NC group, the URD group presented reduced VMHC in bilateral cerebellum anterior lobe, thalamus and postcentral gyrus. Furthermore, the VHMC in media frontal gyrus, postcentral gyrus and precentral gyrus were significantly decreased in RD group. Correlation analysis suggested that reduced VMHC in bilateral pCu was negatively correlated with the baseline HAMD score of URD (r = −0.325, P = 0.041). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve indicated that three regional VMHC changes could identify depressed patient with poorer treatment response: ITG [area under curve (AUC) = 0.699, P = 0.002, 95% CI = 0.586–0.812], MFG (AUC = 0.692, P = 0.003, 95% CI = 0.580–0.805), pCu (AUC = 0.714, P = 0.001, 95% CI = 0.603–0.825).ConclusionThe current study combined with previous evidence indicates that the subdued intrinsic interhemispheric functional connectivity might represents a novel neural trait involved in the pathophysiology of MDD.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Cryostimulation of whole body as a possible supportive biological approach in mild cognitive impairments
Authors: Rymaszewska J. , Szczesniak D. , Katarzyna U. , Elzbieta T. , Bartlomiej S. 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundLimitations of available treatment methods of dementia imply constant need to search for new, supplementary therapy strategies. There is a consensus that vascular lesions, oxidative stress, inflammatory processes and abnormal neurotransmission are associated with dementia. Due to the anti-inflammatory (modification of pro-inflammatory cytokines concentration), antioxidative effect of cryogenic temperatures as well as the hormonal and lipid changes, they may play an important role in preventing or inhibiting pathophysiological processes.AimTo assess the influence of whole-body cryostimulation on cognitive functions of patients with MCI.MethodsRCT design is used to examine the influence of whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) on people with mild cognitive impairments (MCI) with the evaluation of psychometric, somatic and laboratory parameters. Participants undergo 10 sessions each day of 2–3 min of WBC in experimental group (−110 till −160 °C) and placebo (−20 °C). The CDR, MoCA, TYM, DemTect and SLUMS scales are used among others at baseline and follow-up. Preliminary data of 7 volunteers (n = 7, 49–79 years old) were presented. Results on Fig. 1.DiscussionAmong obtained psychometric results show that all, except of one, patients significantly improved their scores after WBC. That is a very promising feedback for future evaluation of WBC effectiveness in prevention of dementia in patients with MCI.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Clinical symptomatology and facial emotion recognition in schizophrenia: Which relationship?
Authors: Arous A. , Mrizak J. , Trabelsi R. , Aissa A. , Ben Ammar H. , El Hechmi Z. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionPatients with schizophrenia show impairments in social cognitive abilities, such as recognizing facial emotions. However, the relationships between specific deficits of emotion recognition and with clusters of psychotic remain unclear.ObjectivesTo explore whether facial emotion recognition was associated with severity of symptoms and to which presentation of psychotic symptoms.MethodsFacial emotion recognition (FER) were evaluated in 58 patients with stable schizophrenia with a newly validated FER task constructed from photographs of the face of a famous Tunisian actress representing the Ekman's six basic emotions (happiness, anger, disgust, sadness, fear, and surprise). Symptomatology evaluation comprised the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS) and the Clinical Global Impressions Scale Improvement and severity (CGI).ResultsPatients who failed to identify anger had significantly higher scores in hyperactivity item (P < 0.0001). The patients who had a difficulty to identify sadness had more grandiosity (P ≤ 0.002). The impairment in happiness recognition was correlated with hallucination (P = 0.007) and delusion (P = 0.024) items. Incapacity to identify fear was associated to lack of judgment and insight (P = 0.004).ConclusionsDeficits in recognition of specific facial emotions may reflect severity of psychiatric symptoms. They may be related to specific clusters of psychotic symptoms, which need to be confirmed in further studies.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Are self-stigma and coping strategies interrelated in outpatients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders using the psychiatric medication? Cross-sectional study
Authors: Holubova M. , Prasko J. , Hruby R. , Latalova K. , Slepecky M. , Marackova M. , Kamaradova D. , Gubova T. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionSelf-stigma is the maladaptive psychosocial phenomenon that can affect the patient's self-image, may lead to dysphoria, social isolation, reduced adherence and quality of life. Maladaptive coping strategies may adversely disturb the overall functioning of psychiatric patients.ObjectivesThinking about coping strategies and self-stigma in practice may play a significant role in understanding patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, especially for mental health professionals. Focus on coping strategies could be a useful concept in supportive and educational therapy to help patients in using more adaptive coping strategies and decrease their self-stigma.AimsThe aim of this study was to determine the relation between coping strategies and the self-stigma among outpatients with schizophrenia and related disorders.MethodsStress Coping Style Questionnaire (SVF-78), Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness (ISMI) and severity of the disorder (measured by Clinical Global Impression objective and subjective form) were assessed.ResultsOne hundred and four patients suffering from schizophrenia (n = 67), schizoaffective disorder (n = 30), polymorphic psychotic disorder (n = 3), schizotypal disorder (n = 2) and delusional disorder (n = 2) were included in the study. The results showed that there was a high positive correlation between negative coping and self-stigma, and the negative correlation between positive strategies and the overall score of self-stigma. Stepwise regression analysis showed that negative coping (especially resignation), subjective severity SubjCGI and positive coping strategies (especially positive self-instruction) explains 52.8% of the overall score variance of self-stigma (Tables 1–3).ConclusionsThis study revealed that there is a connection between self-stigma and coping strategies in patients suffering from schizophrenia spectrum disorders.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Maternal obstetric complications and intellectual functioning in patients with schizophrenia and their healthy siblings
Authors: Karakula-Juchnowicz H. , Juchnowicz D. , Krukow P. , Morylowska-Topolska J. , Pawezka J. , Flis M. , Markiewicz R. , Urbanska A. 
Published: May 2016

ObjectivesIntellectual functioning in schizophrenia has been associated with genetic vulnerability and obstetric complications.AimsThe aim of this study was to assess:– the incidence of complications during pregnancy, labor and delivery;– the association of OCs with general intellectual ability in two groups: patients with schizophrenia and their healthy siblings.MethodsForty-two patients with schizophrenia according to DSM-IV and 43 their healthy siblings were included in the study and examined using MINI and WAIS-R. Their mothers were interviewed to gather data on OCs. The ‘midwife protocol’ of Parnas et al. was used to quantify the presence and entity of OCs.ResultsAsphyxia, mother's serious illness during pregnancy, premature delivery with weight < 2500 g, labor time > 48 h, infarcts in the placenta and eclampsia were statistically more frequent in schizophrenic group. OCs were more common in individuals with a family history. The two investigated groups were different in the following WAIS-R subtests: comprehension (P = 0.018), block design (P = 0.0001), digit symbol (P = 0.001), as well as in performance IQ and total IQ. In the patient group, correlations between OCs indexes and WAIS-R results include all intelligence quotients (verbal, performance, total IQ) and 5 WAIS-R subtests, while in the sibling group: verbal and total IQ and 2 subtests. The correlation between Vocabulary subtest and OCs was the strongest in both groups.ConclusionOCs may interact with genetic vulnerability to increase the risk of schizophrenia and have been associated with cognitive deficits in the patient group.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene polymorphisms and antipsychotic-induced metabolic disturbances in first-episode schizophrenia patients
Authors: Misiak B. , Łaczmański Ł. , Słoka K. , Szmida E. , Ślęzak R. , Piotrowski P. , Kiejna A. , Frydecka D. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionThere is a scarcity of prospective studies addressing the influence of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene polymorphisms on antipsychotic-induced metabolic changes in first-episode schizophrenia (FES) patients.ObjectivesWe aimed at investigating metabolic side effects of second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) with respect to the MTHFR gene polymorphisms in FES patients.MethodsPolymorphisms in the MTHFR gene (C677T and A1298C) were investigated with respect to changes in body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) together with serum levels of glucose, lipids, homocysteine, vitamin B12 and folate after 12 weeks of treatment with SGAs in 135 FES patients.ResultsThe 677TT genotype was associated with significantly higher BMI, WC and serum levels of triglycerides, as well as significantly lower folate levels at baseline. Additionally, the 677T allele was associated with significantly lower folate levels at baseline. The 677CC homozygotes had significantly higher increase in BMI and serum levels of triglycerides. The 677TT genotype predicted significantly higher increase in homocysteine levels and significantly higher decrease in folate levels. These associations were also significant in the allelic analysis. Only the patients with the 677T allele had significantly lower folate levels and significantly higher homocysteine levels at the follow-up. The 677T allele was also related to significantly lower increase in WC. The 1298CC homozygotes had significantly higher weight gain in the course of treatment with SGAs.ConclusionsThe MTHFR gene polymorphisms might predict antipsychotic-induced weight gain in FES patients. In addition, the MTHFR C677T polymorphism might be also predictive with respect to other metabolic adversities of SGAs.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The incidence of hepatitis C virus infection among opiate drug users in Mamoura hospital patient in Alexandria, Egypt
Authors: Darwish S. , Sadek N. , Hoda H. , Bothaina M. , Farag I. 
Published: May 2016

0 0 1 276 1575 recovery 13 3 1848 14.0 96 800x600 Normal 0 false false false EN-US JA X-NONE.IntroductionEgypt is one of the most famous endemic areas for hepatitis C virus. Drug use in Egypt is rising exponentially. Drug use is always considered one of the main risk factors for HCV.ObjectivesTo assess the effect the route of drug use on the incidence of HCV in the Egyptian population.AimTo study the effects of opiates (tramadol and heroin) use and the route of intake on the incidence of HCV infection among addicts treated in Mamoura mental state hospital, Alexandria, Egypt.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study on drug dependence patients visiting the out patient clinic for addiction in Elmamora Hospital.Subjects were divided into two groups.Group I: Control group.Twenty non-addict volunteers.Group II: Cases groups (comprising 60 subjects)This group will be divided into three sub-groups each contains 20 cases.Group IIa: consuming tramadol.Group IIb: consuming tramadol and heroin by injection.Group IIc: consuming tramadol and heroin by inhalation.All studied groups were subjected to:.1. detailed history taking, urine screening tests for drugs of abuse, liver functions tests and HCV screening.ResultsThe study showed deterioration in liver function tests in the heroin and tramadol use groups compared to the tramadol only use.There was a statistical significant difference in the incidence of HCV infection in the heroin injection group (85%) compared to 35% in the heroin non injector users and only 5% in tramadol users had HCV positive.ConclusionHeroin injection showed the highest risk for both liver function deterioration and HCV infection.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Gender difference in trauma exposure among a sample of egyptian patients with substance use disorder
Authors: Eldabah H. , Salama H. , Attia M. , Elkholy O. 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundStudies have shown high association between trauma exposure in childhood and adulthood, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use disorder (SUD). Women seeking treatment for SUD are more likely to have histories of sexual and physical abuse.AimTo study the effect of gender difference on the history of traumatic experiences and the mental health problems of the SUD patients.MethodCross-sectional comparative study was conducted at the Addiction Treatment Center at El Maamoura psychiatric hospital. Two hundred adult inpatients were recruited and assessed using a structured interview questionnaire to collect sociodemographic data, substance-use history, and medical and psychiatric history. The semi structured psychiatric interview was applied, and psychometric assessment was performed using Arabic version of Trauma History Screen (THS) for assessment of trauma exposure, and the Arabic version of the Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist, civilian version (PCL-C) for assessment of current PTSD.ResultsOne hundred and fifty-six were males (78.0%), 44 were females (22.0%). Females were significantly more likely to be exposed to sexual abuse at childhood (P = 0.002) and adulthood (P = 0.050), score higher on PCL-C (P = 0.002), to have major depressive disorder (MDD) (P = 0.028), and have suicidal plans and attempts (P = 0.001).ConclusionsFemales with substance use disorder are more likely to be victims of sexual trauma, to develop Post-traumatic stress disorder and to have more complicated psychiatric comorbidities than their male counterparts.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.