bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short-term effects of a park-based group mobility program on increasing outdoor walking in older adults with difficulty walking outdoors: the Getting Older Adults Outdoors (GO-OUT) randomized controlled trial
Authors: Salbach Nancy M. , Mayo Nancy E. , Webber Sandra C. , Jones C. Allyson , Lix Lisa M. , Ripat Jacquie , Grant Theresa , van Ineveld Cornelia , Chilibeck Philip D. , Romanescu Razvan G. , Scott Susan , Barclay Ruth 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
We estimated the short-term effects of an educational workshop and 10-week outdoor walk group (OWG) compared to the workshop and 10 weekly reminders (WR) on increasing outdoor walking (primary outcome) and walking capacity, health-promoting behavior, and successful aging defined by engagement in meaningful activities and well-being (secondary outcomes) in older adults with difficulty walking outdoors.

Methods
In a 4-site, parallel-group randomized controlled trial, two cohorts of community-living older adults (≥ 65 years) reporting difficulty walking outdoors participated. Following a 1-day workshop, participants were stratified and randomized to a 10-week OWG in parks or 10 telephone WR reinforcing workshop content. Masked evaluations occurred at 0, 3, and 5.5 months. We modeled minutes walked outdoors (derived from accelerometry and global positioning system data) using zero-inflated negative binomial regression with log link function, imputing for missing observations. We modeled non-imputed composite measures of walking capacity, health-promoting behavior, and successful aging using generalized linear models with general estimating equations based on a normal distribution and an unstructured correlation matrix. Analyses were adjusted for site, participation on own or with a partner, and cohort.

Results
We randomized 190 people to the OWG (n = 98) and WR interventions (n = 92). At 0, 3, and 5.5 months, median outdoor walking minutes was 22.56, 13.04, and 0 in the OWG, and 24.00, 26.07, and 0 in the WR group, respectively. There was no difference between groups in change from baseline in minutes walked outdoors based on incidence rate ratio (IRR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) at 3 months (IRR = 0.74, 95% CI 0.47, 1.14) and 5.5 months (IRR = 0.77, 95% CI 0.44, 1.34). Greater 0 to 3-month change in walking capacity was observed in the OWG compared to the WR group (βz-scored difference = 0.14, 95% CI 0.02, 0.26) driven by significant improvement in walking self-efficacy; other comparisons were not significant.

Conclusions
A group, park-based OWG was not superior to WR in increasing outdoor walking activity, health-promoting behavior or successful aging in older adults with difficulty walking outdoors; however, the OWG was superior to telephone WR in improving walking capacity through an increase in walking self-efficacy. Community implementation of the OWG is discussed.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03292510 Date of registration: September 25, 2017.
Mirror movements in multiple sclerosis -a clinical, electrophysiological, and imaging study
Authors: Holzapfel Korbinian , Bayas Antonios , Naumann Markus , Ghosh Tanupriya , Steuerwald Verena , Allweyer Martin , Kirschke Jan S. , Behrens Lars 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Mirror movements (MM) are commonly caused by a defect of interhemispheric pathways also affected in multiple sclerosis (MS), particularly the corpus callosum. We investigated the prevalence of MM in MS in relation to functional and morphological callosal fiber integrity by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as well as fatigue.

Methods
In 21 patients with relapsing–remitting MS and 19 healthy controls, MM were assessed and graded (Woods and Teuber scale: MM 1—4) using a bedside test. Fatigue was evaluated using the Fatigue Scale for Motor and Cognitive Functions (FSMC) questionnaire. TMS measured ipsilateral silent period latency and duration. MRI assessed callosal atrophy by measuring the normalized corpus callosum area (nCCA), corpus callosum index (CCI), and lesion volume.

Results
MS patients had significantly more often and pronounced MM compared to healthy controls (p = 0.0002) and nCCA was significantly lower (p = 0.045) in MRI studies. Patients with higher MM scores (MM > 1 vs. MM 0/1) showed significantly more fatigue (higher FSMC sum score, p = 0.04, motor score, p = 0.01). In TMS and MRI studies, no significant differences were found between patients with MM 0/1 and those with MM > 1 (ipsilateral silent period measurements, CCA, CCI and lesion volume).

Conclusions
MM are common in MS and can easily be detected through bedside testing. As MM are associated with fatigue, they might indicate fatigue in MS. It is possible that other cerebral structures, in addition to the corpus callosum, may contribute to the origin of MM in MS.
Association between the atherogenic index of plasma and abdominal aortic calcification in adults: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Xu Cong , Xu Shuwan , Mai Peibiao , Tang Jiao , Xu Jiahua , Zhang Huanji 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) index is an important marker of insulin resistance and a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) is significantly associated with subclinical atherosclerotic disease. However, there are no studies that have examined the relationship between AIP index and AAC, so we investigated the potential association between them in the general population.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2013–2014). The association of AIP with AAC was estimated by multivariable regression analysis.

Results
After adjusting for confounders, the odds of extensive AAC doubled per unit increase in the AIP index (OR = 2.00, 95% CI: 1.05, 3.83; P = 0.035). The multivariable OR and 95% CI of the highest AIP index tertile compared with the lowest tertile was significantly different. (OR = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.05, 2.83; P = 0.031). The subgroup analyses indicated that the association was consistent irrespective of age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, smoking status, eGFR and hypercholesteremia.

Conclusions
The AIP index was independently associated with the presence of extensive AAC in the study population. Further studies are required to confirm this relationship.
A qualitative study of experiences among young adults who increased their cannabis use during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Struik Laura L. , Armasu Alexia , Fortin Genevieve , Riglea Teodora , Kalubi Jodi , Ferlatte Olivier , Naja Mounia , O’Loughlin Jennifer , Sylvestre Marie-Pierre 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Young adults face unique vulnerabilities during major life disruptions like the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic contributed to increases in mental health challenges and substance use among young adults. This study explores the experiences of young adults who increased their cannabis use during the pandemic.

Methods
Participants were recruited from the Nicotine Dependence in Teens (NDIT) study, and qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews conducted via Zoom. A total of 25 participants (ages 33–34) reporting increased cannabis use during the pandemic were included. Thematic analysis and gender-based analysis was employed to extract key themes.

Results
Five themes emerged: (1) No disruption in cannabis use; (2) Cannabis use to manage declines in mental health; (3) Cannabis use to break up pandemic boredom; (4) Cannabis use as an expression of freedom; (5) Cannabis use as “another way to chill out.”

Conclusions
This research provides valuable perspectives on how major life disruptions, like the COVID-19 pandemic, influence cannabis use among young adults. The findings offer guidance for public health initiatives and highlight avenues for further investigation.
The gut microbiota modifies antibody durability and booster responses after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination
Authors: Seong Hye , Yoon Jin Gu , Nham Eliel , Choi Yu Jung , Noh Ji Yun , Cheong Hee Jin , Kim Woo Joo , Kim Eui Ho , Kim Chulwoo , Han Young-Hee , Lim Sooyeon , Song Joon Young 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines are pivotal in combating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, the declining antibody titers postvaccination pose challenges for sustained protection and herd immunity. Although gut microbiome is reported to affect the early antibody response after vaccination, its impact on the longevity of vaccine-induced antibodies remains unexplored.

Methods
A prospective cohort study was conducted involving 44 healthy adults who received two doses of either the BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1 vaccine, followed by a BNT162b2 booster at six months. The gut microbiome was serially analyzed using 16S rRNA and shotgun sequencing, while humoral immune response was assessed using a SARS-CoV-2 spike protein immunoassay.

Results
Faecalibacterium prausnitzii was associated with robust and persistent antibody responses post-BNT162b2 vaccination. In comparison, Escherichia coli was associated with a slower antibody decay following ChAdOx1 vaccination. The booster immune response was correlated with metabolic pathways involving cellular functions and aromatic amino acid synthesis.

Conclusions
The findings of this study underscored the potential interaction between the gut microbiome and the longevity/boosting effect of antibodies following vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. The identification of specific microbial associations suggests the prospect of microbiome-based strategies for enhancing vaccine efficacy.
Association between childhood maltreatment and obsessive-compulsive disorder comorbid with eating disorders: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Attar Salma , Jomaah Jinane , El Khoury Rhéa , Cordahi Colin , Seneque Maude , Courtet Philippe , Bou Khalil Rami , Guillaume Sebastien 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and eating disorders (ED) share common features, including the presence of obsessions and compulsions, and they often co-occur. Additionally, there is a significant comorbidity between ED and childhood traumatic experiences (CTE), as well as between CTE and OCD. Various biological and environmental factors have been proposed to explain the connection between ED, OCD, and CTE. This study explores the link between CTE and the comorbidity of ED and OCD, with the hypothesis that specific types of CTE may increase the risk of developing OCD in individuals with ED.

Methods
Participants (N = 562) were enrolled at an eating disorder unit in Montpellier, France, between March 2013 and January 2020. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q), and Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) were used to evaluate childhood maltreatment, assess clinical characteristics associated with ED, and categorize participants into two groups: patients with and without OCD.

Results
Bivariate analysis revealed that patients with comorbid ED and OCD had higher EDE-Q scores (p < 0.001), more anxiety disorders (p < 0.001), depressive disorders (p = 0.02), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (p < 0.001), and a higher incidence of sexual abuse (p < 0.001) and physical neglect (p = 0.04) compared to those without OCD. Multivariate analysis showed that the association between CTE and OCD was influenced by the presence of an anxiety disorder (p = 0.01) and a higher EDE-Q total score (p = 0.03), with a significant association with a history of sexual abuse (p = 0.04).

Conclusions
This demonstrates that CTE increases the risk of comorbid OCD in ED patients, correlating with more clinically severe ED and a higher likelihood of anxiety disorders.
Fruit sugar hub: gene regulatory network associated with soluble solids content (SSC) in Prunus persica
Authors: Núñez-Lillo Gerardo , Lillo-Carmona Victoria , Pérez-Donoso Alonso G. , Pedreschi Romina , Campos-Vargas Reinaldo , Meneses Claudio 
Published: September 2024

AbstractChilean peach growers have achieved worldwide recognition for their high-quality fruit products. Among the main factors influencing peach fruit quality, sweetness is pivotal for maintaining the market's competitiveness. Numerous studies have been conducted in different peach-segregating populations to unravel SSC regulation. However, different cultivars may also have distinct genetic conformation, and other factors, such as environmental conditions, can significantly impact SSC. Using a transcriptomic approach with a gene co-expression network analysis, we aimed to identify the regulatory mechanism that controls the sugar accumulation process in an 'O × N' peach population. This population was previously studied through genomic analysis, associating LG5 with the genetic control of the SSC trait. The results obtained in this study allowed us to identify 91 differentially expressed genes located on chromosome 5 of the peach genome as putative new regulators of sugar accumulation in peach, together with a regulatory network that involves genes directly associated with sugar transport (PpSWEET15), cellulose biosynthesis (PpCSLG2), flavonoid biosynthesis (PpPAL1), pectin modifications (PpPG, PpPL and PpPMEi), expansins (PpEXPA1 and PpEXPA8) and several transcription factors (PpC3H67, PpHB7, PpRVE1 and PpCBF4) involved with the SSC phenotype. These results contribute to a better understanding of the genetic control of the SSC trait for future breeding programs in peaches.
A case of preoperative embolization for a giant hypervascular pancreatic serous cystic neoplasm in pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Matsuyoshi Takahito , Ikenaga Naoki , Nakata Kohei , Okamoto Daisuke , Matsumoto Takashi , Abe Toshiya , Watanabe Yusuke , Ideno Noboru , Kaku Keizo , Fujimori Nao , Ohuchida Kenoki , Okabe Yasuhiro , Oda Yoshinao , Ishigami Kousei , Nakamura Masafumi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Preoperative vascular embolization is an effective strategy for managing meningiomas, neck paragangliomas, renal cell carcinomas, and bone metastasis by reducing the intraoperative bleeding volume and operation time. Although hypervascular tumors also occur in the pancreas, preoperative embolization for these tumors is not commonly practiced. We herein present a case of a giant serous cystic neoplasm (SCN) of the pancreas with significant arterial vascularity that was managed with preoperative interventional radiology and subsequently resected via pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Case presentation
A 60-year-old man presented with an 8-cm hypervascular tumor located at the head of the pancreas, identified as an SCN on pathologic examination. The tumor had increased by 13 mm over 5 years, necessitating surgical intervention. Computed tomography revealed a substantial blood supply to the tumor from the dorsal pancreatic artery and gastroduodenal artery, both branches of the superior mesenteric artery. To mitigate the risk of severe intraoperative bleeding from this giant hypervascular tumor, branches of the dorsal pancreatic artery and gastroduodenal artery were embolized using metallic coils and further secured using a gelatin sponge 1 day prior to pancreatectomy. During the laparotomy, the tumor appeared to have decreased in size, likely because of reduced distension and congestion. Despite significant adhesions to surrounding tissues secondary to prolonged compression and inflammation, the pancreaticoduodenectomy was completed successfully in 5 h and 15 min with blood loss of 763 mL. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 15 without complications.

Conclusions
Preoperative arterial embolization for hypervascular pancreatic tumors might control the risk of massive intraoperative bleeding, contributing to a favorable postoperative outcome. Utilizing interventional radiology for preoperative inflow control is one of the beneficial strategies for pancreatectomy in patients with a giant SCN.
The value of rapid on-site evaluation during conventional and endobronchial ultrasound needle aspiration in the diagnosis of mediastinal lymphadenopathy and lung cancer
Authors: Magdy Omnya , AbdelDayem Aya , ELMaraghi Ashraf , Ali Maryam , Hafez Fatma 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
The endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) has revolutionized pulmonology by identifying cancer spread in lung cancer patients. It is now used for diagnosing sarcoidosis, tuberculosis, and lymphoma. Rapid onsite evaluation (ROSE) is a crucial tool for pathologists, assisting in sample adequacy, accuracy, and prompt decision-making. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ROSE in identifying mediastinal lymphadenopathy and lung cancer during EBUS-TBNA and cTBNA.

Methods
Our research was a prospective study in which we examined sixty cases that were separated into two groups of similar size. The rapid onsite evaluation group and the non-rapid onsite evaluation group were subjected to either Conventional TBNA or endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration.

Results
The total diagnostic yield of conventional and endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration in both groups was 83.3% (50/60 cases). Twenty-eight cases (46.7%) were positive for malignancy, 22 cases (36.6%) were positive for benign lesions, and 10 cases (16.6%) were not conclusive. Regarding diagnostic accuracy, it was greater in the rapid onsite evaluation group than in the non-rapid onsite evaluation group (100% in the rapid onsite evaluation group vs. 66.7% in the non-ROSE group).

Conclusions
Rapid onsite evaluation during conventional or endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration improves diagnostic accuracy of mediastinal lesions by excluding suspicious or nondiagnostic specimens and can reduce unnecessary punctures or eliminate the need for additional bronchoscopy procedures when reaching preliminary diagnosis.
Comparison of Patients With Familial Chylomicronemia Syndrome and Multifactorial Chylomicronemia Syndrome
Authors: Spagnuolo Catherine M , Wang Jian , McIntyre Adam D , Kennedy Brooke A , Hegele Robert A 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Context
Patients with rare familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS) and relatively common multifactorial chylomicronemia syndrome (MCS) both express severe hypertriglyceridemia, defined as plasma triglyceride concentration ≥10 mmol/L (≥885 mg/dL). Clinically there can be confusion between the 2 conditions.

Objective
To compare clinical and biochemical phenotypes in patients with genotypically characterized FCS and MCS.

Methods
We performed targeted sequencing of DNA from 193 patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia, classified them as having either FCS or MCS, and compared clinical and biochemical characteristics.

Results
Patients with FCS were significantly younger than patients with MCS (31.4 ± 16.7 vs 51.0 ± 11.3 years; P = .003), with earlier age at symptom onset (15.0 ± 15.8 vs 37.8 ± 8.8 years; P = .00066), lower body mass index (23.3 ± 3.1 vs 30.7 ± 5.0 kg/m2; P = .000016), and higher prevalence of pancreatitis events (81.8% vs 35.2%; P = .003). Furthermore, patients with FCS had a higher ratio of triglyceride to total cholesterol (ie, 4.18 ± 0.92 vs 1.08 ± 0.51; P &lt; .0001) and lower plasma apolipoprotein B (ie, 0.56 ± 0.15 vs 1.02 ± 0.43 g/L; P &lt; .0001) than patients with MCS. Patients with MCS with heterozygous pathogenic variants had a relatively more severe clinical presentation than other MCS genetic subgroups.

Conclusion
Patients with FCS have notable phenotypic differences from patients with MCS, although there is overlap. While genetic analysis of patients with persistent severe hypertriglyceridemia can definitively diagnose FCS, 8.8% of patients with MCS with sustained refractory hypertriglyceridemia behave functionally as if they have FCS, which should influence their eligibility for novel therapies for severe hypertriglyceridemia.
Cardiometabolic Aspects of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Authors: Krysiak Robert , Claahsen-van der Grinten Hedi L , Reisch Nicole , Touraine Philippe , Falhammar Henrik 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Treatment of classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is directed at replacing deficient hormones and reducing androgen excess. However, even in the era of early diagnosis and lifelong hormonal substitution, the presence of CAH is still associated with numerous complications and also with increased mortality. The aim of this article was to create an authoritative and balanced review concerning cardiometabolic risk in patients with CAH. The authors searched all major databases and scanned reference lists of all potentially eligible articles to find relevant articles. The risk was compared with that in other forms of adrenal insufficiency. The reviewed articles, most of which were published recently, provided conflicting results, which can be partially explained by differences in the inclusion criteria and treatment, small sample sizes, and gene–environment interactions. However, many studies showed that the presence of CAH is associated with an increased risk of weight gain, worsening of insulin sensitivity, high blood pressure, endothelial dysfunction, early atherosclerotic changes in the vascular wall, and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. These complications were more consistently reported in patients with classic than nonclassic CAH and were in part related to hormonal and functional abnormalities associated with this disorder and/or to the impact of overtreatment and undertreatment. An analysis of available studies suggests that individuals with classic CAH are at increased cardiometabolic risk. Excess cardiovascular and metabolic morbidity is likely multifactorial, related to glucocorticoid overtreatment, imperfect adrenal hormone replacement therapy, androgen excess, and adrenomedullary failure. Cardiometabolic effects of new therapeutic approaches require future targeted studies.
The FHA domain is essential for autoinhibition of KIF1A/UNC-104 proteins
Authors: Niwa Shinsuke , Watanabe Taisei , Chiba Kyoko 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
KIF1A/UNC-104 proteins, which are members of the kinesin superfamily of motor proteins, play a pivotal role in the axonal transport of synaptic vesicles and their precursors. Drosophila melanogaster UNC-104 (DmUNC-104) is a relatively recently discovered Drosophila kinesin. Although some point mutations that disrupt synapse formation have been identified, the biochemical properties of the DmUNC-104 protein have not been investigated. Here, we prepared recombinant full-length DmUNC-104 protein and determined its biochemical features. We analyzed the effect of a previously identified missense mutation in the forkhead-associated (FHA) domain, called bristly (bris). The bris mutation strongly promoted the dimerization of DmUNC-104 protein, whereas wild-type DmUNC-104 was a mixture of monomers and dimers. We further tested the G618R mutation near the FHA domain, which was previously shown to disrupt the autoinhibition of Caenorhabditis elegans UNC-104. The biochemical properties of the G618R mutant recapitulated those of the bris mutant. Finally, we found that disease-associated mutations also promote the dimerization of DmUNC-104. Collectively, our results suggest that the FHA domain is essential for autoinhibition of KIF1A/UNC-104 proteins, and that abnormal dimerization of KIF1A might be linked to human diseases.
Zniewalające pokusy nauki
Authors: Turner Stephen , Chubin Daryl 
Published: September 2024

Dyskutowane są zmiany w nauce i ich znaczenie dla zrozumienia norm nauki oraz zwiększonego ulegania kontroli zewnętrznej, jakiej podlega transformacja nauki w obecnym reżimie ewaluacji, konkursów grantowych i komercjalizacji. Zadaje się także pytanie, czy rodzaj badań dotyczących fundamentalnych kwestii poruszanych w Podwójnej helisie został wyparty przez obecną organizację nauki.