bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combining periodic hydraulic tests and surface tilt measurements to explore in situ fracture hydromechanics
Authors: Schuite Jonathan , Longuevergne Laurent , Bour Olivier , Guihéneuf Nicolas , Becker Matthew W. , Cole Matthew , Burbey Thomas J. , Lavenant Nicolas , Boudin Frédéric 
Published: July 2017

AbstractFractured bedrock reservoirs are of socio‐economical importance, as they may be used for storage or retrieval of fluids and energy. In particular, the hydromechanical behavior of fractures needs to be understood as it has implications on flow and governs stability issues (e.g., microseismicity). Laboratory, numerical, or field experiments have brought considerable insights to this topic. Nevertheless, in situ hydromechanical experiments are relatively uncommon, mainly because of technical and instrumental limitations. Here we present the early stage development and validation of a novel approach aiming at capturing the integrated hydromechanical behavior of natural fractures. It combines the use of surface tiltmeters to monitor the deformation associated with the periodic pressurization of fractures at depth in crystalline rocks. Periodic injection and withdrawal advantageously avoids mobilizing or extracting significant amounts of fluid, and it hinders any risk of reservoir failure. The oscillatory perturbation is intended to (1) facilitate the recognition of its signature in tilt measurements and (2) vary the hydraulic penetration depth in order to sample different volumes of the fractured bedrock around the inlet and thereby assess scale effects typical of fractured systems. By stacking tilt signals, we managed to recover small tilt amplitudes associated with pressure‐derived fracture deformation. Therewith, we distinguish differences in mechanical properties between the three tested fractures, but we show that tilt amplitudes are weakly dependent on pressure penetration depth. Using an elastic model, we obtain fracture stiffness estimates that are consistent with published data. Our results should encourage further improvement of the method.
Anisotropy in subduction zones: Insights from new source side S wave splitting measurements from India
Authors: Roy Sunil K. , Kumar M. Ravi , Davuluri Srinagesh 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis study presents 106 splitting and 40 null measurements of source side anisotropy in subduction zones, utilizing direct S waves registered at two stations sited on the Indian continent, which show null shear wave splitting measurements for SKS phases. Our results suggest that trench‐parallel anisotropy is dominant beneath the Philippines, Mariana, Izu‐Bonin, and edge of the Java slab, while plate motion‐parallel anisotropy is observed beneath the Solomon, Aegean, Japan, and Java slabs. Results from Kuril and Aleutian regions reveal trench‐oblique anisotropy. We chose to interpret these observations primarily in terms of mantle flow beneath a subduction zone. While the two‐dimensional (2‐D) slab entrained flow model offers a simple explanation for trench‐normal fast polarization azimuths (FPA), the trench‐parallel FPA can be reconciled by extension due to slab rollback. The model that invokes age of the subducting lithosphere can explain anisotropy in the subslab, derived from rays recorded at the updip stations. However, when downdip stations are used, contributions from the slab and supraslab need to be considered. In Japan, anisotropy in the subslab mantle shallower than 300 km might be associated with trench‐parallel mantle flow resulting in the alignment of FPA in the same direction. Anisotropy in the deeper part, above the transition zone, is probably associated with 2‐D flow resulting in trench‐normal FPA. Anisotropy in the Mariana Trench might be associated with trench‐parallel mantle flow in the supraslab region, with similar deformation in the upper mantle and the transition zone.
Initial testing of a pixelated silicon detector prototype in proton therapy
Authors: Wroe Andrew J. , McAuley Grant , Teran Anthony V. , Wong Jeannie , Petasecca Marco , Lerch Michael , Slater James M. , Rozenfeld Anatoly B. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAs technology continues to develop, external beam radiation therapy is being employed, with increased conformity, to treat smaller targets. As this occurs, the dosimetry methods and tools employed to quantify these fields for treatment also have to evolve to provide increased spatial resolution. The team at the University of Wollongong has developed a pixelated silicon detector prototype known as the dose magnifying glass (DMG) for real‐time small‐field metrology. This device has been tested in photon fields and IMRT. The purpose of this work was to conduct the initial performance tests with proton radiation, using beam energies and modulations typically associated with proton radiosurgery. Depth dose and lateral beam profiles were measured and compared with those collected using a PTW parallel‐plate ionization chamber, a PTW proton‐specific dosimetry diode, EBT3 Gafchromic film, and Monte Carlo simulations. Measurements of the depth dose profile yielded good agreement when compared with Monte Carlo, diode and ionization chamber. Bragg peak location was measured accurately by the DMG by scanning along the depth dose profile, and the relative response of the DMG at the center of modulation was within 2.5% of that for the PTW dosimetry diode for all energy and modulation combinations tested. Real‐time beam profile measurements of a 5 mm 127 MeV proton beam also yielded FWHM and FW90 within ±1 channel (0.1 mm) of the Monte Carlo and EBT3 film data across all depths tested. The DMG tested here proved to be a useful device at measuring depth dose profiles in proton therapy with a stable response across the entire proton spread‐out Bragg peak. In addition, the linear array of small sensitive volumes allowed for accurate point and high spatial resolution one‐dimensional profile measurements of small radiation fields in real time to be completed with minimal impact from partial volume averaging.
Transition Metal‐Free Oxidative Cross‐Coupling C(sp2)–C(sp3) Bond Formation: Regioselective C‐3 Alkylation of Coumarins with Tertiary Amines
Authors: Dian Longyang , Zhang‐Negrerie Daisy , Du Yunfei 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA novel transition‐metal‐free regioselective C‐3 alkylation of coumarins was realized under mild reaction conditions. Various coumarins and tertiary amines smoothly underwent direct C(sp2)–C(sp3) bond formation in the presence of (n‐Bu)4NI as the catalyst and t‐BuOOH as the oxidant.magnified image
Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Alkyl‐ and Arylsulfenylation of 3,4‐Dihalo‐2(5H)‐furanones (X=Br, Cl) with Sulfoxides under Mild Conditions
Authors: Cao Liang , Luo Shi‐He , Wu Han‐Qing , Chen Liu‐Qing , Jiang Kai , Hao Zhi‐Feng , Wang Zhao‐Yang 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAn efficient copper(I)/proline sodium salt‐catalyzed alkyl‐ and arylsulfenylation of C(sp2)–X 3,4‐dihalo‐2(5H)‐furanone compounds with sulfoxides is described. For inexpensive C(sp2)–Cl compounds, there is also a satisfactory reactivity with the moderate yields. This transformation provides a novel approach for the utilization of sulfoxides (not only DMSO) as sulfur source at mild temperatures without the need for an anaerobic atmosphere. More importantly, both sulfoxide and proline sodium salt can play a dual role in this reaction.magnified image
Bio‐Nanotechnology in High‐Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Zhang Yunqiang , Liu Xuan , Wang Shulan , Li Li , Dou Shixue 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe use of bio‐nanotechnology for the fabrication of diverse functional nanomaterials with precisely controlled morphologies and microstructures is attracting considerable attention due to its sustainability and renewability. As one of the key energy storage devices, supercapacitor (SC) requires the active electrode material to have high specific surface area, interconnected porous structure, excellent electronic conductivity, and appropriate heteroatom doping for promoting the transfer of electrons and electrolyte ions. The combination of bio‐technology and SC will open up a new avenue for the large‐scale fabrication of high performance functional energy storage devices. In this review, the most state‐of‐the‐art research progress in bio‐nanotechnological fabrication of different nanomaterials, including carbon materials, metal oxides, conducting polymers, and their corresponding composites are reviewed with the following three bio‐nanotechnical approaches covered: (1) biomass carbonization technologies; (2) bio‐template methods; and (3) bio‐complex technologies, while also highlighting their applications as functional SC electrodes.
Associations between neighborhood food environments and deficient protein intake among elderly people in a metropolitan suburb: A case study in Kisarazu city, Japan
Authors: Hamamatsu Yuri , Goto Chiho , Nishitani Masaru , Shimadate Riko , Ueno Junko , Kusakari Yoko , Umezaki Masahiro 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectivesLiving in a poor food environment and its association with an increased risk of inadequate nutrient intake are increasingly important issues in Japan due to an increase in the elderly population.MethodsThe present study examined the relationships between neighborhood food environment and the protein and fat intakes of elderly Japanese individuals (n = 181) living in the metropolitan Tokyo suburb of Kisarazu.ResultsA logistic regression analysis adjusted for sociodemographic and shopping behavior variables revealed associations between subjectively evaluated poor neighborhood food environment and deficient protein intake. However, there was no significant association between excessive fat intake and neighborhood food environments.ConclusionThe findings demonstrate that living in a poor neighborhood food environment, which is becoming increasingly prevalent in Japan and other developed countries, has the potential to result in malnutrition, or at least in a low‐quality diet, in elderly populations.
A Crystalline π‐Stack Containing Five Stereoisomers: Insights into Conformational Isomorphism, Chirality Inversion, and Disorder
Authors: Nowak‐Król Agnieszka , Röhr Merle I. S. , Schmidt David , Würthner Frank 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAn unprecedented crystal‐packing arrangement of a tetramethoxy‐bay‐substituted perylene bisimide (PBI) consists of three crystallographically independent molecules, that is, an achiral (AC) PBI of saddle‐shaped geometry along with two pairs of propeller‐like twisted (P)‐ and (M)‐enantiomeric PBI frameworks. All these five conformations are observed within a single π‐stack revealing an intriguing packing sequence with an inversion of chirality from P to M via AC. Nudged elastic band calculations for the isolated molecule show that AC is a local minimum of the P to M interconversion path. In addition, two minor conformations were observed in the crystal, one of which resembles a transition‐state molecule. Theoretical studies of dimeric and trimeric stacks reveal that the coexistence of all these structures in the crystal lattice is aided by the strong dispersion interactions between PBI cores and perfectly interdigitated dodecyl chains which stabilize energetically higher conformations.
Mineralized State of the Avian Influenza Virus in the Environment
Authors: Zhou Hangyu , Wang Guangchuan , Wang Xiaoyu , Song Zhiyong , Tang Ruikang 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAlthough the circulation of avian influenza viruses in humans is limited, they can be transmitted from Aves (birds) to humans, representing a great challenge. Herein, we suggest that influenza viruses from Aves might exist in a mineralized state owing to the high calcium concentrations in the avian intestine. Using two typical influenza viruses as examples, we demonstrate that these viruses can self‐mineralize in simulated avian intestinal fluid, resulting in egg‐like virus–mineral structured composites. The mineralized viruses are more robust, with enhanced infectivity and thermostability. More importantly, the mineral exterior of mineralized viruses can alter their cell internalization, expanding the possible tropisms. The discovery of a mineralized state of influenza viruses highlights the integration of nanomaterials and viruses in the environment, which provides a new understanding of avian influenza infection and its control.
Foreign Aid to the Pacific: Trends and Developments in the Twenty‐First Century
Authors: Dornan Matthew , Pryke Jonathan 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe Pacific islands is one of the most aid‐dependent regions in the world. This article examines developments in the delivery of foreign aid to the region since the year 2000, a period in which there has been considerable change in both the amount and way in which aid is delivered internationally. Although Pacific island countries have seen a scale‐up in development assistance, it has been modest relative to that enjoyed by other developing countries. Improvement has been mixed in areas identified as a concern by the aid effectiveness agenda, with high levels of volatility and lack of predictability particularly problematic.
Selected birth defects among males following the United States terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001
Authors: Singh Parvati , Yang Wei , Shaw Gary M. , Catalano Ralph , Bruckner Tim A. 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundThe terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001 (hereafter referred to as 9/11) preceded an increase in male fetal deaths and reduced male live births among exposed gestational cohorts across several geographic locations in the United States, including California. We analyze whether the extreme stressor of 9/11 may have selected against frail males in utero by testing if the prevalence of male births with selected defects in California fell among cohorts exposed to the stressor during gestation.MethodsWe used data from the California Birth Defects Monitoring Program from July 1985 to January 2004 (223 conception cohorts). We included six birth defects that as a group of phenotypes disproportionately affect males. We applied time‐series methods and defined as “exposed to 9/11” the cohorts conceived in February, March, April, May, June, July, and August 2001.ResultsThree of the seven monthly conception cohorts exposed to 9/11 in utero show lower than expected odds of live born males with the studied defects: February 2001 (odds ratio [OR] = 0.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.21–0.71), May 2001 (OR = 0.36; 95% CI, 0.16–0.81), and August 2001 (OR = 0.51; 95% CI, 0.28–0.93).ConclusionThe population‐wide stressor of 9/11 precedes a reduction in the risk of live born males with selected birth defects. Our analysis contributes to the understanding of adaptation to stress among pregnant women exposed to large and unexpected ambient stressors. Results further support the notion that the prevalence of live born defects may reflect temporal variation in cohort selection in utero against frail males. Birth Defects Research 109:1277–1283, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characterization of a highly Al3+‐selective fluorescence probe based on naphthalimide‐Schiff base and its application to practical water samples
Authors: Shen Kesheng , Mao Shanshan , Shi Xinkui , Wang Fei , Xu Yuling , Aderinto Stephen Opeyemi , Wu Huilu 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA new fluorescent Al3+‐probe, N‐allyl‐4‐[3,3′‐((2‐aminoethyl)azanediyl)‐bis(N´‐(2‐hydroxybenzylidene)propanehy‐drazide)]‐1,8‐naphthalimide (L), was designed and synthesized based on 1,8‐naphthalimide. The probe L contains 1,8‐naphthalimide moiety as the fluorophore and a Schiff base as the recognition group. The structure of L was determined by single crystal X‐ray. L emission at 526 nm increased on addition of Al3+ under excitation wavelength at 350 nm. L exhibited high selectivity and sensitivity fluorescence emission towards to Al3+ in ethanol/Tris–HCl buffer solution (1:1, v/v, pH = 7.2) as compared with other tested metal ions. A good linearity with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.99 was observed in the concentration range 2–10 μM. The binding constant and the detection limit of L for Al3+ were calculated to 2.6 × 104 M−1 and 0.34 μM, respectively. The results of experiments that including Job plot, ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) light titration, fluorescence titration, ESI‐MS and 1H NMR titration, indicated a 1:1 stoichiometric complex between L and Al3+. L was highly effective in monitoring Al3+ in real‐life Yellow River and tap water samples.
Chemical UPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS profiling of aconitum alkaloids and their metabolites in rat plasma and urine after oral administration of Aconitum carmichaelii Debx. Root extract
Authors: Zhang Mingjie , Wang Manman , Liang Jiajia , Wen Yongqing , Xiong Zhili 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn this paper, an ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric (UPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS) method in positive ion mode was established to systematically identify and to compare the major aconitum alkaloids and their metabolites in rat plasma and urine after oral administration of Fuzi extract. A total twenty‐nine components including twenty‐five C19‐diterpenoid alkaloids and four C20‐diterpenoid alkaloids were identified in Fuzi extract. Thirteen of the parent components and five metabolites were detected in rat plasma and sixteen parent compounds and six metabolites in urine. These parent components found in rat plasma and urine were mainly C19‐diterpenoid alkaloids. All of the metabolites in vivo were demethylated metabolites (phase I metabolites), which suggested that demethylation was the major metabolic pathway of aconitum alkaloids in vivo. A comparison of the parent components in rat plasma and urine revealed that 3‐deoxyacontine was found in plasma but not in urine, while kalacolidine, senbusine and 16‐β‐hydroxycardiopetaline existed in urine but not in plasma, which indicated that most alkaloids components were disposed and excreted in prototype form. This research provides some important information for further metabolic investigations of Fuzi in vivo.
High expression of FUNDC1 predicts poor prognostic outcomes and is a promising target to improve chemoradiotherapy effects in patients with cervical cancer
Authors: Hou Hailing , Er Puchun , Cheng Jingjing , Chen Xiuli , Ding Xiaofeng , Wang Yuwen , Chen Xi , Yuan Zhiyong , Pang Qingsong , Wang Ping , Qian Dong 
Published: July 2017

AbstractFUN14 domain containing 1 (FUNDC1) is an important molecule in receptor‐dependent mitophagy. However, the roles of FUNDC1 in human cancer biology remain unknown. The aim of this study was to explore the expression and roles of FUNDC1 in cervical cancer. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were applied to detect the expression of FUNDC1, and small‐hairpin RNA was applied to inhibit the expression of endogenous FUNDC1 in cervical cancer cells. MTT assays and Flow cytometric analysis were applied to examine cell proliferation and apoptosis. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the formation of γH2AX foci and evaluate the extent of DNA damage. Compared with corresponding adjacent noncancerous cervical tissues, the expression of FUNDC1 in cervical cancer cells was significantly increased. High expression of FUNDC1 and the prognosis of patients with cervical cancer were correlated negatively, which could be used as an independent prognostic factor for overall survival and disease‐free survival. Depletion of FUNDC1 significantly inhibited the proliferation of tumor cells, induced apoptosis, and enhanced cell sensitivity to cisplatin and ionizing radiation (IR). Our data suggested that FUNDC1 can be used as a prognostic biomarker in patients with cervical cancer, and may be a new therapeutic target to improve the antitumor effects of chemoradiotherapy.
Synthesis and Direct Sintering of Nanosized (MIV,MIII)O2‐x Hydrated Oxides as Electrolyte Ceramics
Authors: Clavier Nicolas , Cherkaski Yanis , Martinez Julien , Costis Sophie , Cordara Théo , Audubert Fabienne , Brissonneau Laurent , Dacheux Nicolas 
Published: July 2017

AbstractHighly reactive and nanosized Th1‐xYxO2‐x/2 or Ce0.8Ln0.2O1.9 mixed oxides were prepared through the initial precipitation of hydroxide precursors which were further dried under vacuum. Whatever the chemical system investigated, the characterization of the powdered samples evidenced a rapid aging process leading to hydrated oxides. The thermal behavior of these samples was further investigated and first showed a two‐step dehydration process, with the successive departure of adsorbed and constitutive water, both yielding a drastic drop of the powders’ reactivity (i.e. decrease of the specific surface area). Sintering experiments were then undertaken by starting directly from raw powders and revealed very rapid densification kinetics. Highly densified pellets (above 95 %TD) with a fine grain microstructure were obtained after only 1 hour of heat treatment at 1600 °C. This easy and versatile process of precipitation, that can be followed by direct densification of the powders, then appears as a promising option for the elaboration of homogenous ceramic electrolytes.
Deuteration of Hyperpolarized 13C‐Labeled Zymonic Acid Enables Sensitivity‐Enhanced Dynamic MRI of pH
Authors: Hundshammer Christian , Düwel Stephan , Köcher Simone S. , Gersch Malte , Feuerecker Benedikt , Scheurer Christoph , Haase Axel , Glaser Steffen J. , Schwaiger Markus , Schilling Franz 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAberrant pH is characteristic of many pathologies such as ischemia, inflammation or cancer. Therefore, a non‐invasive and spatially resolved pH determination is valuable for disease diagnosis, characterization of response to treatment and the design of pH‐sensitive drug‐delivery systems. We recently introduced hyperpolarized [1,5‐13C2]zymonic acid (ZA) as a novel MRI probe of extracellular pH utilizing dissolution dynamic polarization (DNP) for a more than 10000‐fold signal enhancement of the MRI signal. Here we present a strategy to enhance the sensitivity of this approach by deuteration of ZA yielding [1,5‐13C2, 3,6,6,6‐D4]zymonic acid (ZAd), which prolongs the liquid state spin lattice relaxation time (T1) by up to 39 % in vitro. Measurements with ZA and ZAd on subcutaneous MAT B III adenocarcinoma in rats show that deuteration increases the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) by up to 46 % in vivo. Furthermore, we demonstrate a proof of concept for real‐time imaging of dynamic pH changes in vitro using ZAd, potentially allowing for the characterization of rapid acidification/basification processes in vivo.
Circularly Polarised Luminescence from Helically Chiral “Confused” N,N,O,C‐Boron‐Chelated Dipyrromethenes (BODIPYs)
Authors: Clarke Rebecca , Ho Kin Lok , Alsimaree Abdulrahman Abdullah , Woodford Owen J. , Waddell Paul G. , Bogaerts Jonathan , Herrebout Wouter , Knight Julian G. , Pal Robert , Penfold Thomas J. , Hall Michael J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractChiral organic fluorophores have significant promise in the development of efficient emitters of circularly polarized light. Herein we describe a helically chiral boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) with a hitherto unreported N,N,O,C‐boron‐chelation motif, synthesised by means of a one‐pot boron metathesis, nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr), Suzuki coupling, boron chelation, cascade reaction. Resolution of the racemic BODIPY (by preparative HPLC on a chiral stationary phase) allowed examination of the chiroptical properties of the resulting enantiomers (λmax(abs)=593 nm, λmax(em)=622 nm, ϵ=30 000 m−1 cm−1, φF=0.49, |glum|=3.7×10−3 (hexane)). This is the first example of circularly polarised emission from a non‐C2‐symmetric helically chiral N,N,O,C‐BODIPY and as such provides a valuable benchmark for future developments in this compound series.