bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Intracellular Effect of Relaxin on Female Anterior Cruciate Ligament Cells
Authors: Konopka Jaclyn A. , DeBaun Malcolm R. , Chang Wenteh , Dragoo Jason L. 
Published: June 2016

Background: Female collegiate athletes with serum relaxin concentrations above 6.0 pg/mL have been shown to have more than 4 times increased risk for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears. However, the intracellular effect of relaxin on ACL cells has not been elucidated. Hypotheses: The hypotheses were that relaxin binding to receptors on female ACL cells will result in (1) an increase in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and decrease in tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) gene expression, (2) a decrease in collagen and alpha smooth muscle actin (αSMA) expression, (3) inhibition of transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1)–induced fibrosis, and (4) an increase in cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cAMP) production and that these changes will not be observed in male ACL cells. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Ligament cells from ACL tissue were isolated from 7 male and 7 female human donors and expanded in vitro. The cells were incubated with escalating concentrations of relaxin-2, as well as with TGFβ1 or 17β-estradiol in certain groups. Cells were then lysed and analyzed for MMP1 (collagenase-1), MMP3 (stromelysin-1), MMP13 (collagenase-3), TIMP1, type I collagen, type III collagen, and/or αSMA mRNA expression using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Intracellular cAMP levels were assessed via an enzyme-linked immunoassay. Results: ACL cells primed with estrogen and treated with 10 ng/mL and 100 ng/mL relaxin illustrated increased MMP1 expression ( P = .012 and .006, respectively) and MMP3 expression ( P = .005 and .001, respectively). Treatment with 100 ng/mL relaxin decreased αSMA expression ( P = .001). When ACL tissue isolated from female donors with a history of oral contraceptive use was excluded from the analysis, 100 ng/mL of relaxin decreased type I collagen ( P = .005) and type III collagen ( P = .028) expression in cells primed with estrogen. Relaxin exhibited no significant effect on male-derived ACL cells. Conclusion: Relaxin-2 significantly upregulated intracellular processes in human female ACL cells, but no effect was observed in male cells. Relaxin increased MMP (MMP1 and MMP3) and decreased αSMA and type I and III collagen expression, which may act to alter the structural integrity of the ACL tissue over time. Clinical Relevance: Female athletes with higher circulating relaxin levels may be more susceptible to ACL injury.
Development and multi-center evaluation of a novel immunoadsorption method for anti-DFS70 antibodies
Authors: Bentow C , Rosenblum R , Correia P , Karayev E , Karayev D , Williams D , Kulczycka J , Fritzler M J , Mahler M 
Published: June 2016

Objective Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) represent a hallmark in the diagnosis of ANA-associated rheumatic diseases (AARD). However, anti-DFS70 antibodies are present in a higher portion of the healthy individuals (HI) than in patients with AARD. Consequently, we developed a novel, highly specific indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) method that blocks anti-DFS70 antibodies from binding to HEp-2 cells and to evaluate the method in a multi-center study. Methods A total of 18 samples from systemic lupus erythematosus patients (SLE, n = 7) and HI ( n = 11) were used for the initial development of the immunoadsorption method. For the multi-center evaluation, samples with a dense fine speckled (DFS) pattern ( n = 99) were collected at three different sites based on their established IIF screening procedure at the respective laboratories. Additionally, four characterized samples with established clinically relevant IIF patterns (centromere, nucleolar, speckled, homogeneous) were blended in five different ratios (10%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 90%) with a sample positive for anti-DFS70 antibodies, which by itself showed a dense fine speckled (DFS) IIF pattern. All samples were tested by IIF with NOVA Lite HEp-2 ANA and NOVA Lite HEp-2 Select on the NOVA View® instrument, and also tested by QUANTA Flash DFS70 chemiluminescent immunoassay (CIA) for confirmation of anti-DFS70 antibodies (Inova Diagnostics, San Diego, CA, USA). Results For the development of the immunoadsorption method, only 1/7 ANA-positive samples from SLE patients, but 8/10 ANA-positive samples from healthy individuals turned negative using the immunoadsorption. Subsequently, 73/99 (73.7%) of the DFS pattern samples were positive by CIA for anti-DFS70 antibodies showing a strong quantitative Spearman’s correlation (rho = 0.57 (95% CI, 0.39–0.71, p < 0.0001)) between light intensity units (LIU) measured by NOVA View and CIA. Intensities measured with NOVA Lite HEp-2 and NOVA Lite HEp-2 Select demonstrated significantly lower intensity values after inhibition with DFS70 antigen ( p < 0.0001). When samples were processed to mimic samples with mixed patterns (DFS + clinically relevant pattern), the new immunoadsorption method demonstrated that all clinically relevant patterns remained unchanged whereas the LIUs from NOVA View analysis significantly decreased after inhibition ( p < 0.0001). Conclusion The data showed that the NOVA Lite HEp-2 Select kit effectively inhibits anti-DFS70 antibody binding to its cellular target antigen.
Own Brands in the Retail Sector: UK⁄US Perspective
Authors: Awadi Ahmed-Al- 
Published: June 2016

One major change in recent years in retail management has been the development of the retailers' names as a brand rather than as a simple name over the store. We have reached a point where names of some major retailers are better known to consumers than any of the largest manufacture brand names. These brands tend to receive a higher proportion of management attention within the retail organization. Not only is the retailer typically more involved in product development or specification; the own brand also tends to receive special emphasis in all the major areas of focus, including space allocation. These retailer brands are not limited to just one type of good. They cover nearly the entire spectrum covering durable, semi-durable, and non-durable goods. This paper deals with the emergence, importance, development, positioning and rationale behind own brand development, existing market for own brand products, consumer segmentation, and the major own brand retailers in UK and US grocery supermarkets, where they have the highest market share and a very high profit. Therefore, in order to understand the importance of the topic it is also important to view these brands from perspectives of the manufacturers, the retailers, as well as the consumers. The paper concludes with some useful points relating to management of own brands.
Designing an Optimal Warranty Scheme and Strategy
Authors: Purwar P.C. 
Published: June 2016

This study has been conducted with a view to provide an insight on the importance of different features in a warranty scheme of domestic appliances. It also investigates the possible effects of different income levels on the utility that a consumer derives from different features of a warranty scheme for domestic appliances. The warranty features were chosen on the basis of a thorough screening of warranty schemes of different companies as well as an in-depth interview of owners. The study has been conducted in three phases. The first phase consists of literature survey. It helped in defining the concept of warranty, the role it plays in consumer buying behaviour, terms and conditions usually provided by domestic appliance companies, and the effect the warranty schemes have on consumer's perception of financial risk. The second phase consists of selecting products and warranty features; conducting pilot study with few company executives and consumers; applying conjoint analysis technique (keeping in mind the multi-attribute nature of warranty scheme), designing orthogonal plan-cards; determining the sample size; and finally collecting the data. The last phase of the study deals with analyzing the data through conjoint analysis subroutine of Statistical Package for Social Sciences(SPSS), and then using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to draw inferences. The strategic implications of survey findings are discussed next. The objective of the company should be to try recovering the minimum cost during the warranty period. It should also develop a quick response policy and mechanism(s) for redressal of complaints. The study also gives some directions for further research. This study should have been conducted on a much wider scale, but due to time and money constraints, the survey has been confined to only three domestic appliances- Television, Washing Machine and Refrigerator and, in Lucknow. To be able to arrive at more generalized findings, the study could cover other product categories (e.g., Blender, Microwave Oven, Music Systems, etc.) including consumer surveys in few other cities as well.
Citizen-Led Participatory E-Governance Initiatives: An Architectural Perspective
Authors: Mishra Harekrishna , Hiremath B.N. 
Published: June 2016

There are many successful information and communication technology (ICT ) initiatives in India, oriented towards rural development, with a focus to address specific issues of rural citizen. National e-Governance plan (NeGP) recognizes the potential of ICT interventions and plans for suitably selecting important and successful ICT initiatives, with an objective to include them as missionmode projects for scaling up. Another objective of NeGP is to provide a portfolio of services to the citizens through common services centres (CSC) integrated with e-government backbone to not only set up a good e-governance system, but also to establish a support structure. NeGI plan outlaY is Rs. 12000 crores with the mandate to complete the mission in next three years covering 100,000 CSCs and involving 600,000 villages. This provides an opportunity to look into the strategic issues in rural e-govemance. E- governance initiatives are mostly mooted by government administration, non-governmental organization (NGOs), cooperative as well as private sectors. Like any ICT project, e-governace projects call for “usability and user-centred design”, since the ultimate beneficiary is the “user”. The similarity between users in “rural development initiative” and that of a “business process initiative” is that the uesr ultimiltely ends up using the technology, and it is imperative that technology needs to be accepted. But the real task is to create a “demand-driven , citizen-led ICT initiative for the rural sector” , Mostly, pilot projects are based on sheer innovating frameworks, either through a development agency or through bureaucratic set-ups to support governance issues. Many frameworks are incubated with active support from government and funding agencies. While innovation is essential for any model to be accepted, it is important that projects need to move out of “incubators” and translate its success through transformation from “supply-driven” concepts to “demand driven” and sustainable process improvement imperatives. Scaling up of ICT initiatives is also another issue that requires support from users. However, in the Indian context, ICT acceptance and its uability in rural area are not easy. NeGP critically recognises these issues while embarking on such an enterprise level action through CSCs. E-governance architectures are also being conceptualised. In this paper, we discuss a possible process view related to e-governance architecture ,with due emphasis on citizens' participation and their contribution to the architecture, leading to sustainable information systm plan ning and implementation strategies. We also narrate a case which supports this view of e-governance architecture for scale-up.
The FDA's failure to address the lack of generalisability of antidepressant efficacy trials in product labelling
Authors: Zimmerman Mark 
Published: June 2016

SummaryAccording to the US Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) regulations, the criteria used to select patients into registration studies should be addressed in a product's label. The FDA's labelling guidelines, which specifically indicate that the routine exclusion of patients of a certain level of severity should be noted in the label, has been uniformly ignored.
Cost and carbon burden of long-acting injections: a sustainable evaluation
Authors: Maughan Daniel L. , Lillywhite Rob , Cooke Matthew 
Published: June 2016

Aims and methodThis study explores the economic cost and carbon footprint associated with current patterns of prescribing long-term flupentixol decanoate long-acting injections. We conducted an analysis of prescription data from a mental health trust followed by economic and carbon cost projections using local and national data.ResultsA reduction of £300 000 could be achieved across England by improving prescribing behaviour, which equates to £250 per patient per year and 170 000 kg CO2e. These savings are unlikely to be released as cash from the service, but will lead to higher-value service provision at the same or lower cost. Most of these carbon emissions are attributable to the carbon footprint of the appointment – 88000 kg CO2e (including energy use and materials used) and the overprescribing of medication – 66000kg CO2e.Clinical implicationsPsychiatrists need to review their prescribing practice of long-acting injections to reduce their impact on the National Health Service financial budget and the environment.
Services for people with complex psychosis: towards a new understanding
Authors: Edwards Tom , Macpherson Rob , Commander Martin , Meaden Alan , Kalidindi Sridevi 
Published: June 2016

SummaryThis paper describes the need for commissioners and service providers to consider the development of a whole-system approach to providing rehabilitation services for patients with complex psychosis, in the context of the current economic pressures and emergence of a competitive market in this area of mental health. The practical and organisational arrangements for the management of risk with such services are described, taking into account the varying provision of rehabilitation services across the UK and considering how these can be developed against the care clustering system and interfaces with other mental health services.
Community treatment orders and reduced time in hospital: a nationwide study, 2007–2012
Authors: Taylor Mark , Macpherson Melanie , Macleod Callum , Lyons Donald 
Published: June 2016

Aims and methodCommunity treatment orders (CTOs) were introduced in Scotland in 2005, but are controversial owing to a lack of supportive randomised evidence. The non-randomised studies provide mixed results on their efficacy and utility. We aimed to examine hospital bed day usage across Scotland both before and after CTOs were initiated in a national cohort of patients, spanning 5 years.ResultsIn total, 1558 individuals who were subject to a CTO between 2007 and 2012, of whom 63% were male, were included. After CTO initiation the number of hospital bed days fell, on average, from 66 to 39 per annum per patient. Those with a longer psychiatric history appeared to benefit more from a CTO, in terms of reduced time in hospital.Clinical implicationsOur data offer cautious support for the use of CTOs in routine practice, in terms of reducing time spent in psychiatric hospital. This finding is balanced by the more rigorous randomised studies which do not find any benefit to CTOs.
Aspirin As Secondary Prevention in Patients With Colorectal Cancer: An Unselected Population-Based Study
Authors: Bains Simer J. , Mahic Milada , Myklebust Tor Åge , Småstuen Milada Cvancarova , Yaqub Sheraz , Dørum Liv Marit , Bjørnbeth Bjørn Atle , Møller Bjørn , Brudvik Kristoffer Watten , Taskén Kjetil 
Published: June 2016

Purpose Regular use of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) is associated with reduced incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, aspirin as primary prevention is debated because of the risk of hemorrhagic adverse effects. Aspirin as secondary prevention may be more justified from a risk-benefit perspective. We have examined the association between aspirin use after the diagnosis of CRC with CRC-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS). Materials and Methods An observational, population-based, retrospective cohort study was conducted by linking patients diagnosed with CRC from 2004 through 2011 (Cancer Registry of Norway) with data on their aspirin use (The Norwegian Prescription Database). These registries cover more than 99% of the Norwegian population and include all patients in an unselected and consecutive manner. Exposure to aspirin was defined as receipt of aspirin prescriptions for more than 6 months after the diagnosis of CRC. Multivariable Cox-proportional hazard analyses were used to model survival. The main outcome measures of the study were CSS and OS. Results A total of 23,162 patients diagnosed with CRC were included, 6,102 of whom were exposed to aspirin after the diagnosis of CRC (26.3%). The median follow-up time was 3.0 years. A total of 2,071 deaths (32.9%, all causes) occurred among aspirin-exposed patients, of which 1,158 (19.0%) were CRC specific. Among unexposed patients (n = 17,060), there were 7,218 deaths (42.3%), of which 5,375 (31.5%) were CRC specific. In multivariable analysis, aspirin exposure after the diagnosis of CRC was independently associated with improved CSS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.85; 95% CI, 0.79 to 0.92) and OS (HR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.90 to 1.01). Conclusion Aspirin use after the diagnosis of CRC is independently associated with improved CSS and OS.
Cep78 is a new centriolar protein involved in Plk4-induced centriole overduplication
Authors: Brunk Kathrin , Zhu Mei , Bärenz Felix , Kratz Anne-Sophie , Haselmann-Weiss Uta , Antony Claude , Hoffmann Ingrid 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
Centrioles are core components of centrosomes, the major microtubule-organizing centers of animal cells, and act as basal bodies for cilia formation. Control of centriole number is therefore crucial for genome stability and embryogenesis. Centriole duplication requires the serine/threonine protein kinase Plk4. Here, we identify Cep78 as a human centrosomal protein and a new interaction partner of Plk4. Cep78 is mainly a centriolar protein that localizes to the centriolar wall. Furthermore, we find that Plk4 binds to Cep78 through its N-terminal domain but that Cep78 is not an in vitro Plk4 substrate. Cep78 colocalizes with Plk4 at centrioles and is required for Plk4-induced centriole overduplication. Interestingly, upon depletion of Cep78, newly synthesized Plk4 is not localized to centrosomes. Our results suggest that the interaction between Cep78 and the N-terminal catalytic domain of Plk4 is a new and important element in the centrosome overduplication process.
Surgical navigation in paediatric orthopaedics
Authors: Docquier Pierre-Louis , Paul Laurent , TranDuy Khanh 
Published: June 2016

Computer-assisted orthopaedic surgery was born in the 1990s. Nowadays, computer-assisted orthopaedic surgery is used for transpedicular screw fixation and for total knee arthroplasty. Patient-specific instrumentation is one type of computer-assisted surgery based on volumetric images, such as computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. In this article, possible applications of patient-specific instruments in paediatric orthopaedics are described. The use of patient-specific instrumentation for the correction of cubitus varus is given as an example with complex osteotomy. Another application for tarsal coalition resection is shown. A last example of using patient-specific instrumentation for both tumour resection and allograft reconstruction is illustrated. Patient-specific instruments based on computed tomography of the bone can increase peri-operative accuracy and decrease operative time. They are very helpful for the surgeon. Other applications are possible and will be probably developed in the future.Cite this article: Docquier PL, Paul L, TranDuy V. Surgical navigation in paediatric orthopaedics. EFORT Open Rev 2016;1:152-159. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.1.000009.
Patella instability in children and adolescents
Authors: Hasler Carol C. , Studer Daniel 
Published: June 2016

Patellar instabilities are the most common knee pathologies during growth. Congenital dislocations are rare. Extensive, early soft tissue releases relocate the extensor mechanism and may enable normal development of the femoro-patellar anatomy. Conservative management is the preferred strategy after a ‘first-time’ traumatic dislocation. In cases with concomitant anatomical predisposing factors such as trochlear dysplasia, malalignment, malrotation or ligamentous laxity, surgical reconstruction must be considered. The same applies to recurrent dislocations with pain, a sense of instability or re-dislocations which may also lead to functional compensatory mechanisms (quadriceps-avoiding gait in knee extension) or cartilaginous lesions with subsequent patello-femoral osteoarthritis. The decision-making process guiding surgical re-alignment includes analysis with standard radiographs and MRI of the trochlear groove, joint cartilage and medial patello-femoral ligament (MPFL). Careful evaluation of dynamic and static stabilisers is essential: the medial patello-femoral ligament provides stability during the first 20° of flexion, and the trochlear groove thereafter. Excessive femoral anteversion, general ligamentous laxity with increased femoro-tibial rotation, patella alta and increased distance between the tibial tuberosity and the trochlear groove must also be taken into account and surgically corrected. In cases with ongoing dislocations during skeletal immaturity, soft tissue procedures must suffice: reconstruction of the medial patello-femoral ligament as a standalone procedure or in conjuction with more complex distal realignment of the quadriceps mechanism may lead to a permanent stable result, or at least buys time until a definitive bony procedure is performed. Cite this article: Hasler CC, Studer D. Patella instability in children and adolescents. EFORT Open Rev 2016;1:160-166. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.1.000018.
Knee replacement in chronic post-traumatic cases
Authors: Benazzo Francesco , Rossi Stefano M.P. , Combi Alberto , Meena Sanjay , Ghiara Matteo 
Published: June 2016

Post-traumatic knee arthritis is a challenging condition. Prosthetic surgery is demanding and the risk of complications is relatively high. Planning is an essential element of this surgery; correct diagnosis (to exclude latent infection) and adequate considerations regarding approach, axis, bone loss, choice of implant and level of constraint are indispensable. There are two main categories of post-traumatic arthritis: extra-articular deformities and articular deformities. Use of an algorithms can support the surgeon’s choice of implant. Correct implant positioning and limb alignment restoration is associated with very good results, similar to those achieved with standard total knee arthroplasty. Cite this article: Benazzo F, Rossi SMP, Combi A, Meena S, Ghiara M. Knee replacement in chronic post-traumatic cases. EFORT Open Rev 2016:1:211-218. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.1.000025.