bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Integrative Review of Biological Variants and Chronic Stress in Emerging Adults With Chronic Conditions
Authors: Ersig Anne L. , Starkweather Angela R. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this integrative review was to evaluate and synthesize studies that incorporated biological measures and examined their associations with chronic stress and anxiety in adolescents and emerging adults with chronic health conditions.DesignAn integrative literature review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses statement to identify studies published between 2005 and 2015.MethodsUsing key terms, three databases (PubMed/Medline, PsycInfo and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) were searched by a research librarian. Additional publications with relevance to the topic were identified from citing and cited literature. The full text of 61 publications was reviewed. The final group of articles analyzed for this review included 36 peer‐reviewed publications and meeting abstracts.FindingsStudies varied considerably in characteristics, theoretical frameworks, phenotypes of interest, and study measures. Few studies evaluated genomic variants; those that did often examined small samples and a limited number of biological factors.ConclusionsStudies of chronic stress and anxiety in adolescents and emerging adults with chronic health conditions are currently limited in scope and impact. A more comprehensive approach will facilitate translation into practice to improve short‐ and long‐term health outcomes.Clinical RelevancePrecision and genomic healthcare initiatives support the relevance of this work for nurses in all areas of clinical practice. Genomic testing is expanding to include individuals in all age groups, with and without diagnosed conditions. As psychological and behavioral phenotypes may influence self‐management outcomes of adolescents and emerging adults with chronic health conditions, further research in this area is warranted.
The cosmetic and dermatological potential of keratin hydrolysate
Authors: Mokrejs Pavel , Hutta Matous , Pavlackova Jana , Egner Pavlina , Benicek Lubomir 
Published: February 2017

SummaryBackgroundAlthough keratin hydrolysates have become established as standard components in hair and nail cosmetics, studies on the moisturizing effects of keratin hydrolysates do not appear among contemporary literature.ObjectivesTo test if adding keratin hydrolysate into an ointment base increases hydration of the skin and improves skin barrier function, or diminishes trans‐epidermal water loss.MethodsFormulations were prepared containing 2%, 4%, and 6% keratin hydrolysates (based on weight of the ointment base). The moisturizing properties of keratin hydrolysates were tested by measuring skin hydration, trans‐epidermal water loss and skin pH; measurements were carried out at intervals of 1, 2, 3, 4, 24, and 48 h. Testing was conducted on 10 women.ResultsAs regards hydration, adding 2% keratin hydrolysate to the ointment base is optimal, as an increase of 14%‐23% occurs in hydration of the stratum corneum. For trans‐epidermal water loss, adding 4% KH to the ointment base is preferential, as this triggers a 26%‐46% decrease in trans‐epidermal water loss.ConclusionsKeratin hydrolysate acts as a humectant (it binds water from lower layers of the epidermis to the stratum corneum) as well as an occlusive (it reduces trans‐epidermal water loss). The highly favorable properties of keratin hydrolysates are attributed to the wide distribution of keratin hydrolysates molecular weights; low‐molecular weight fractions easily penetrate the SC, while high‐molecular weight fractions form a protective film on the epidermis. Adding keratin hydrolysates to the ointment base did not cause phase separation even after 6 mo storage.
Prevalence of difficult venous access and associated risk factors in highly complex hospitalised patients
Authors: Armenteros‐Yeguas Victoria , Gárate‐Echenique Lucía , Tomás‐López Maria Aranzazu , Cristóbal‐Domínguez Estíbaliz , Moreno‐de Gusmão Breno , Miranda‐Serrano Erika , Moraza‐Dulanto Maria Inmaculada 
Published: February 2017

Aims and objectivesTo estimate the prevalence of difficult venous access in complex patients with multimorbidity and to identify associated risk factors.BackgroundIn highly complex patients, factors like ageing, the need for frequent use of irritant medication and multiple venous catheterisations to complete treatment could contribute to exhaustion of venous access.DesignA cross‐sectional study was conducted.Methods‘Highly complex’ patients (n = 135) were recruited from March 2013–November 2013. The main study variable was the prevalence of difficult venous access, assessed using one of the following criteria: (1) a history of difficulties obtaining venous access based on more than two attempts to insert an intravenous line and (2) no visible or palpable veins. Other factors potentially associated with the risk of difficult access were also measured (age, gender and chronic illnesses). Univariate analysis was performed for each potential risk factor. Factors with p < 0·2 were then included in multivariable logistic regression analysis. Odds ratios were also calculated.ResultsThe prevalence of difficult venous access was 59·3%. The univariate logistic regression analysis indicated that gender, a history of vascular access complications and osteoarticular disease were significantly associated with difficult venous access. The multivariable logistic regression showed that only gender was an independent risk factor and the odds ratios was 2·85.ConclusionsThe prevalence of difficult venous access is high in this population. Gender (female) is the only independent risk factor associated with this. Previous history of several attempts at catheter insertion is an important criterion in the assessment of difficult venous access.Relevance to clinical practiceThe prevalence of difficult venous access in complex patients is 59·3%. Significant risk factors include being female and a history of complications related to vascular access.
Possible non‐sexual modes of transmission of human papilloma virus
Authors: Sabeena Sasidharanpillai , Bhat Parvati , Kamath Veena , Arunkumar Govindakarnavar 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAimThere is strong evidence to suggest vertical and horizontal modes of transmission of human papilloma virus (HPV), an established etiologic agent of cervical cancer. Infants, children, and adults can acquire both high‐risk and low‐risk infections by birth or by close contact even though HPV is mainly transmitted sexually. A thorough review of the literature was performed to assess the possible non‐sexual modes of transmission of HPV.MethodsAn electronic search of databases for review articles, cross‐sectional studies, cohort studies, and case reports on non‐sexual modes of transmission among sexually unexposed women and children was carried out using search terms such as “human papilloma virus, HPV, transmission, horizontal transmission, vertical transmission, and fomites”. Articles published between 1983 and 2015 were retrieved.ResultsEpidemiological and clinical data support various non‐sexual modes of transmission especially at the time of birth and by close contact. Even though the role of fomites in the transmission of HPV is not well established, HPV‐DNA positivity has been reported in transvaginal ultrasound probes and colposcopes after routine disinfection.ConclusionAwareness needs to be spread among the public about alternate modes of transmission. For a proper understanding of the exact natural history of HPV infection acquired via the non‐sexual route, long‐term prospective studies need to be undertaken.
Smokeless tobacco (snus) is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes: results from five pooled cohorts
Authors: Carlsson S. , Andersson T. , Araghi M. , Galanti R. , Lager A. , Lundberg M. , Nilsson P. , Norberg M. , Pedersen N. L. , Trolle‐Lagerros Y. , Magnusson C. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundSmoking and nicotine exposure increase insulin resistance and the risk of type 2 diabetes. Swedish smokeless tobacco (snus) is high in nicotine, and its use is prevalent in Scandinavian countries, but few studies have investigated snus use in relation to diabetes risk.ObjectiveTo explore the association between snus use and risk of type 2 diabetes using pooled data from five cohorts.MethodsAnalyses were based on prospective studies conducted between 1990 and 2013 including 54 531 never‐smoking men and 2441 incident cases of type 2 diabetes identified through screening, self‐reporting and hospital and prescription registries. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were assessed and adjusted for age, body mass index, educational level, alcohol consumption and physical activity.ResultsCompared to never users, the HR of type 2 diabetes was 1.15 (95% CI: 1.00–1.32) in current users of snus. In individuals consuming 5–6 boxes per week, the HR was 1.42 (95% CI: 1.07–1.87); in those consuming ≥7 boxes per week, the HR was 1.68 (95% CI: 1.17–2.41). Each additional box of snus consumed per week yielded an HR of 1.08 (95% CI: 1.01–1.16).ConclusionOur findings indicate that high consumption of snus is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. The risk was similar to that in smokers, implying that smokers will not reduce their risk of type 2 diabetes by changing to snus use. The results also support the notion that nicotine increases the risk of type 2 diabetes.
Tissue‐engineered 3D microvessel and capillary network models for the study of vascular phenomena
Authors: Bogorad Max I. , DeStefano Jackson , Wong Andrew D. , Searson Peter C. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAdvances in tissue engineering, cell biology, microfabrication, and microfluidics have led to the development of a wide range of vascular models. Here, we review platforms based on templated microvessel fabrication to generate increasingly complex vascular models of (i) the tumor microenvironment, (ii) occluded microvessels, and (iii) perfused capillary networks. We outline fabrication guidelines and demonstrate a number of experimental methods for probing vascular function such as permeability measurements, tumor cell intravasation, flow characterization, and endothelial cell morphology and proliferation.
Microfluidic traction force microscopy to study mechanotransduction in angiogenesis
Authors: Boldock Luke , Wittkowske Claudia , Perrault Cecile M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe formation of new blood vessels from existing vasculature, angiogenesis, is driven by coordinated endothelial cell migration and matrix remodeling in response to local signals. Recently, a growing body of evidence has shown that mechanotransduction, along with chemotransduction, is a major regulator of angiogenesis. Mechanical signals, such as fluid shear stress and substrate mechanics, influence sprouting and network formation, but the mechanisms behind this relationship are still unclear. Here, we present cellular traction forces as possible effectors activated by mechanosensing to mediate matrix remodeling, and encourage the use of TFM to study mechanotransduction in angiogenesis. We also suggest that deciphering the response of EC to mechanical signals could reveal an optimal angiogenic mechanical environment, and provide insight into development, wound healing, the initiation and growth of tumors, and new strategies for tissue engineering.
Peptide‐nucleotide antibiotic Microcin C is a potent inducer of stringent response and persistence in both sensitive and producing cells
Authors: Piskunova Julia , Maisonneuve Etienne , Germain Elsa , Gerdes Kenn , Severinov Konstantin 
Published: February 2017

SummaryMicrocin C (McC) is a peptide‐nucleotide antibiotic that inhibits aspartyl‐tRNA synthetase. Here, we show that McC is a strong inducer of persistence in Escherichia coli. Persistence induced by McC is mediated by (p)ppGpp and requires chromosomally encoded toxin‐antitoxin modules. McC‐producing cells have increased persistence levels due to a combined effect of McC imported from the cultured medium and intracellularly synthesized antibiotic. McC‐producing cells also induce persistence in sensitive cells during co‐cultivation, underscoring complex interactions in bacterial communities where an antagonistic compound produced by one community member can benefit other members by increasing their ability to withstand antibiotics.
Importance of the E. coli DinJ antitoxin carboxy terminus for toxin suppression and regulated proteolysis
Authors: Ruangprasert Ajchareeya , Maehigashi Tatsuya , Miles Stacey J. , Dunham Christine M. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryToxin–antitoxin genes play important roles in the regulation of bacterial growth during stress. One response to stress is selective proteolysis of antitoxin proteins which releases their cognate toxin partners causing rapid inhibition of growth. The features of toxin–antitoxin complexes that are important to inhibit toxin activity as well as to release the active toxin remain elusive. Furthermore, it is unclear how antitoxins are selected for proteolysis by cellular proteases. Here, we test the minimal structural requirements of the Escherichia coli DinJ antitoxin to suppress its toxin partner, YafQ. We find that DinJ–YafQ complex formation is critically dependent on the last ten C‐terminal residues of DinJ. However, deletion of these 10 DinJ residues has little effect on transcriptional autorepression suggesting that the YafQ toxin is not a critical component of the repression complex in contrast to other toxin–antitoxin systems. We further demonstrate that loop 5 preceding these ten C‐terminal residues is important for Lon‐mediated proteolysis. These results provide important insights into the critical interactions between toxin–antitoxin pairs necessary to inhibit toxin activity and the regulated proteolysis of antitoxins.
The Botrytis cinerea PAK kinase BcCla4 mediates morphogenesis, growth and cell cycle regulating processes downstream of BcRac
Authors: Minz‐Dub Anna , Sharon Amir 
Published: February 2017

SummaryRac proteins are involved in a variety of cellular processes. Effector proteins that interact with active Rac convey the GTPase‐generated signal to downstream developmental cascades and processes. Here we report on the analysis of the main effector and signal cascade downstream of BcRac, the Rac homolog of the grey mold fungus Botrytis cinerea. Several lines of evidence highlighted the p21‐activated kinase Cla4 as an important effector of Rac in fungi. Analysis of Δbccla4 strains revealed that the BcCla4 protein was sufficient to mediate all of the examined BcRac‐driven processes, including hyphal growth and morphogenesis, conidia production and pathogenicity. In addition, the Δbccla4 strains had altered nuclei content, a phenomenon that was previously observed in Δbcrac isolates, thus connecting the BcRac/BcCla4 module with cell cycle control. Further analyses revealed that BcRac/BcCla4 control mitotic entry through changes in phosphorylation status of the cyclin dependent kinase BcCdk1. The complete cascade includes the kinase BcWee1, which is downstream of BcCla4 and upstream of BcCdk1. These results provide a mechanistic insight on the connection of cell cycle, morphogenesis and pathogenicity in fungi, and position BcCla4 as the most essential effector and central regulator of all of these processes downstream of BcRac.
Jürgen Habermas and the dilemmas of experience of disability
Authors: Pezdek Krzysztof , Doliński Wojciech 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe article addresses Jürgen Habermas’ theory of communicative action, which offers very productive tools for analysing disability. The Habermasian division of social reality helps examine positive and negative effects of tensions between the lifeworld of a person with disability and the system. By exploring such an individual's communicative action, one can obtain an insight into his/her validity claims and disruptions in the communication process and self‐understandings inscribed in group narratives. The study reported in the article used in‐depth interviews, which narratively reveal the experiences of a person with disability in family, education, sports and labour. The key findings are, first, that the rationalization of lifeworlds of people with disability increases while processes in which they are colonized by the system intensify; second, that education and family are significant factors in the raising of validity claims; and third, that validity claims as tools of verbal communication should be augmented with arguments from non‐verbal language (e.g. gesture, empathy).
Sleep–obesity relation: underlying mechanisms and consequences for treatment
Authors: St‐Onge M.‐P. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryShort sleep duration has been associated with obesity in numerous epidemiological studies. However, such association studies cannot establish evidence of causality. Clinical intervention studies, on the other hand, can provide information on a causal effect of sleep duration on markers of weight gain: energy intake and energy expenditure. Herein is an overview of the science related to the impact of sleep restriction, in the context of clinical intervention studies, on energy intake, energy expenditure and body weight. Additionally, studies that evaluate the impact of sleep restriction on weight loss and the impact of sleep extension on appetite are discussed. Information to date suggests that weight management is hindered when attempted in the context of sleep restriction, and the public should be made aware of the negative consequences of sleep restriction for weight regulation.
Isometric thermogenesis at rest and during movement: a neglected variable in energy expenditure and obesity predisposition
Authors: Dulloo A. G. , Miles‐Chan J. L. , Montani J.‐P. , Schutz Y. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryIsometric thermogenesis as applied to human energy expenditure refers to heat production resulting from increased muscle tension. While most physical activities consist of both dynamic and static (isometric) muscle actions, the isometric component is very often essential for the optimal performance of dynamic work given its role in coordinating posture during standing, walking and most physical activities of everyday life. Over the past 75 years, there has been sporadic interest into the relevance of isometric work to thermoregulatory thermogenesis and to adaptive thermogenesis pertaining to body‐weight regulation. This has been in relation to (i) a role for skeletal muscle minor tremor or microvibration – nowadays referred to as ‘resting muscle mechanical activity’ – in maintaining body temperature in response to mild cooling; (ii) a role for slowed skeletal muscle isometric contraction–relaxation cycle as a mechanism for energy conservation in response to caloric restriction and weight loss and (iii) a role for spontaneous physical activity (which is contributed importantly by isometric work for posture maintenance and fidgeting behaviours) in adaptive thermogenesis pertaining to weight regulation. This paper reviews the evidence underlying these proposed roles for isometric work in adaptive thermogenesis and highlights the contention that variability in this neglected component of energy expenditure could contribute to human predisposition to obesity.
The effect of exercise on non‐exercise physical activity and sedentary behavior in adults
Authors: Melanson E. L. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryIt is widely assumed that structured exercise causes an additive increase in physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) and total daily energy expenditure (TDEE). However, the common observation that exercise often leads to a less than expected decrease in body weight, without changes in energy intake, suggests that some compensatory behavioral adaptations occur. A small number of human studies have shown that adoption of structured exercise can lead to decreases in PAEE, which is often interpreted as a decrease in physical activity (PA) behavior. An even smaller number of studies have objectively measured PA, and with inconsistent results. In animals, high levels of imposed PA induce compensatory changes in some components of TDEE. Recent human cohort studies also provide evidence that in those at the highest levels of PA, TDEE is similar when compared to less physically active groups. The objective of this review is to summarize the effects of structured exercise training on PA, sedentary behavior, PAEE and TDEE. Using models from ecological studies in animals and observational data in humans, an alternative model of TDEE in humans is proposed. This model may serve as a framework to investigate the complex and dynamic regulation of human energy budgets.
Applicability of a Novel Formula (Bogossian formula) for Evaluation of the QT‐Interval in Heart Failure and Left Bundle Branch Block Due to Right Ventricular Pacing
Authors: FROMMEYER GERRIT , BOGOSSIAN HARILAOS , PECHLIVANIDOU ELENI , CONZEN PHILIPP , GEMEIN CHRISTOPHER , WEIPERT KAY , HELMIG INGA , CHASAN RITVAN , JOHNSON VICTORIA , ECKARDT LARS , HAMM CHRISTIAN W , SEYFARTH MELCHIOR , LEMKE BERND , ZARSE MARKUS , SCHMITT JÖRN , ERKAPIC DAMIR 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundThe presence of left bundle branch block (LBBB) due to right ventricular pacing represents a particular challenge in properly measuring the QTc interval. In 2014, a new formula for the evaluation of QT interval in patients with LBBB was reported.Methods145 patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillator were included in this prospective multicenter observational study. Inclusion criteria were: no permanent right ventricular stimulation, an intrinsic QRS interval of <120 ms, and reduced left ventricular function. 12‐lead electrocardiogram recordings during intrinsic rhythm and during right ventricular threshold testing were performed. After LBBB correction using the reported Bogossian formula, the QTc interval was evaluated with Bazett's formula. The corrected QTc interval was compared in each patient with the QTc interval during intrinsic rhythm. All measurements were performed by an experienced electrophysiologist and a trainee who worked independently and in a blinded manner.Results74 patients (65 ± 13 years; male n = 42) with apical and 71 patients (68 ± 11 years; male n = 42) with nonapical right ventricular pacing were included in this study. The mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 40 ± 13%. The QTc interval was determined to be 461 ± 34 ms (modified by Bogossian's formula) in paced and 436 ± 34 ms in intrinsic rhythm. The QTc interval was overestimated by ΔQTc of 25 ± 21 ms (mean deviation 5.7%) when using the Bogossian formula.ConclusionThe novel Bogossian formula seems to be a reliable tool for QTc interval evaluation in patients with heart failure and right ventricular pacing. However, a slight overestimation of the QT‐interval must be respected.