bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Models of Historical Memory and past Representation of Vilnius University in the 19th-20th Centuries
Authors: Bumblauskas Alfredas 
Published: October 2024

The article aims at presenting the topic of Vilnius University in different ideologically and politically conditioned models of historical memory of the 19th and 20th centuries. The analysis is based on Jorn Rüsen's theory of historical culture. The article focuses on the representational forms of Vilnius University of the past times, such as anniversaries (1828, 1929, 1979, 2004), monuments, commemoration galleries, naming of the courtyards and halls of the University, commemorating both the said anniversaries and marking other occasions, as sources of historical memory. During different periods of development - be it the Russian period (1795-1832), the Polish period (1919-1939), the Lithuanian period (1939-1940, 1941-1943) or the Soviet period (1940-1941, 1944-1990) - Vilnius University became the arena for the dominance of nationalistic, authoritarian, and totalitarian ideologies. Hence it is worthwhile to adjust the historiographic images that fail to deliberate the significance of these factors to the historical memories, fail to embrace the conflicts of the memories, and portray the past of Vilnius University merely from a perspective of a single nationalistic historical consciousness.
On the other hand, the different developmental periods witnessed not the "pure" nationalistic models of historical memory - such as the "Polish", "Russian", "Lithuanian", as well as the communist model - but rather a compromise of different models. The shifts in the historiography at the juncture of the 20th and 21st centuries enable us to perceive the Great Duchy of Lithuania as a country of East Central Europe, bound to make a leap towards Europeanization. The price of Europeanization for Lithuania was the polonisation of its culture. This interpretation is contrary to the traditional Lithuanian model of historical memory; it sheds a different light on the Lithuanian Poles and phenomena of Polish culture (including Vilnius University), interpreting them as part of the self-identity of Lithuanian culture. Yet again, changes in historiography make it possible for us to start perceiving and interpreting Vilnius University within the context of the universities of East Central Europe and Jesuit universities.
In the 16th-18th centuries, Vilnius University was the most eastward-forwarded outpost in the network of eastern universities, having no counterparts in terms of the area of its impact. Such an understanding and interpretation of the old Jesuit university adjusts the Russian (and partially the Lithuanian) model of historical memory, shaped since the epoch of Enlightenment. The above said enables drawing closer different models of historical memory - be they secular and confessional, Lithuanian and Polish - and creates the prerequisites for a multiperspective historical consciousness and historical memory.
Memórias e Ancestralidade no Diário de Bitita Memories and Ancestry in Bitita's Diary
Authors: Sousa Josilene , Macedo Mendes Algemira de Macedo Mendes 
Published: October 2024

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a obra de Carolina Maria de Jesus (1986) através de uma análise critico-social e bibliográfica no livro Diário de Bitita, que é uma continuação do conhecido livro Quarto de Despejo, ambos os livros são autobiográficos, pois contam desde a infância da autora até sua vida adulta. O trabalho busca uma discussão a respeito da perspectiva da memória e da ancestralidade na obra, posto que a narrativa, inicialmente, trata-se de uma autobiografia de Carolina Maria de Jesus, em que apresenta relatos de sua vida e denúncias da desigualdade social e econômica. Para tanto, utilizaremos, para pensamos sobre a memória, os estudos de Evaristo (2008); Halbwachs (1990); Izquierdo (2018); Pollak (1992) e Ribeiro (2010). Trazemos ao debate sobre a questão da ancestralidade as discussões de teóricos como Matheus Gato (2020); Leda Martins (2021) e Oliveira (2007) e sobre a biografia da autora Farias (2017), entre outros teóricos. Portanto, as temáticas, memória e ancestralidade, acerca da comunidade afro-brasileira, são alguns dos elementos discursivos que caracterizam a riqueza da obra, permitindo ao leitor estabelecer um olhar crítico sobre a narrativa autobiográfica de Carolina Maria de Jesus.

Palavras-Chave: Carolina Maria de Jesus; Memória; Ancestralidade.
Como o conhecimento psicolinguístico e neurocientífico pode ajudar na aquisição da literacia: O exemplo do curso de Alfabetização de Adultos e Adolescentes da plataforma on-line “LER”
Authors: Kolinsky Regine 
Published: October 2024

Neste artigo, ilustrarei um curso de literacia estruturado de acordo com dois objetivos intercalares: (i) a compreensão e o domínio do princípio alfabético e (ii) a utilização do código ortográfico na decodificação (para a leitura) e na codificação (para a escrita) de palavras. Mais especificamente, ilustrarei os princípios subjacentes a esse curso, e como foram baseados em dados científicos que nos ajudaram a desenvolver uma versão de método fónico que chamamos de “otimizada”. Também aprensentarei um resumo em 12 pontos dos conceitos básicos e dos passos da progressão da literacia, baseados nesses objetivos e princípios.
Endolysosomal processing of neuron-derived signaling lipids regulates autophagy and lipid droplet degradation in astrocytes
Authors: Bhupana Jagannatham , Pabon Angelid , Leung Ho Hang , Rajmohamed Mohamed , Kim Sang Hoon , Tong Yan , Jang Mi-Hyeon , Wong Ching-On 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Astrocytes support brain metabolism by processing, storing, and appropriating metabolites. Dynamic regulation of metabolic activities in astrocytes is critical to meeting the demands of other brain cells. During neuronal stress, lipid metabolites are transferred from neurons to astrocytes, where they are stored in lipid droplets (LDs). However, it is not clear whether and how neuron-derived lipids trigger metabolic adaptation in astrocytes. Here, we uncover an endolysosomal function that mediates a neuron-astrocyte transcellular lipid signaling paradigm. We identify Tweety homolog 1 (TTYH1) as an astrocyte-enriched transmembrane protein localized to endolysosomes, where it facilitates autophagic flux and lipid droplet (LD) degradation. Astrocyte-specific deletion of Ttyh1 in mice and loss of TTYH1 ortholog in Drosophila lead to brain accumulation of neutral lipids. Computational and experimental evidence suggests that TTYH1 mediates endolysosomal clearance of ceramide 1-phosphate (C1P), a sphingolipid that dampens autophagic flux and LD breakdown in mouse and human astrocytes. We found that the inflammatory cytokine IL-1β induces neuronal upregulation of C1P biosynthesis. Concurrently, lipids secreted by neurons cause autophagic flux impairment and LD accumulation in astrocytes. Whereas TTYH1 deficiency in astrocytes exacerbates the catabolic blockage, inhibiting C1P synthesis in neurons restores autophagic flux and normalizes LD contents in astrocytes. Thus, astrocytes rely on the endolysosomal function of TTYH1 to mitigate the metabolic effects of neuron-derived lipids. Taken together, our findings reveal a neuron-initiated signaling paradigm that culminates in the regulation of catabolic activities in astrocytes.
Theta Burst Stimulation alters some but not all critical phenomena in the brain
Authors: DallaVecchia Alessandra , Bierling Tasha , Kolodny Liberty , Hopkins Amber , Iacoboni Marco , Monti Martin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The brain has been proposed to operate near criticality during wakefulness. The proximity of the system to this critical point, however, can fluctuate during cognitive task and in different neurological disorders (e.g., schizophrenia, depression), reflecting a possible tuning of the system to emphasize certain phenomena (e.g., stability). To more directly explore how criticality affects cognitive processes, neurostimulatory methods are ideal for manipulating cortical dynamics both locally and globally. In this study, we use theta burst stimulation (TBS) to induce changes in phenomena associated with criticality and see if the resting brain can be effectively “pushed” away from the critical state using just neurostimulation. To test resting state dynamics before and after TBS, we record both eyes-open resting state and TMS-evoked responses before and at three time-points post stimulation. We find evidence that TBS affects only one of five measures of criticality. Specifically, cTBS induces an increase in long range temporal correlations in the alpha and delta bands while iTBS induces a slight decrease in the alpha band. Our findings suggest that, like task, TBS modulates some critical phenomena but not others, and underscores the potential of TBS as a tool to directly manipulate criticality in the brain.
Spatiotemporal Pattern Evolution of Electrical Carbon Emissions from Demand-Side Perspective in Urban Regions during the Summer period
Authors: Tian Ying , Cao Hui , Yan Dapeng , Chen Jinmei , Hua Yayan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

This study portrays the pattern of differential spatial and temporal evolution of electrical carbon emissions from the demand side, based on the data of approximately 3,000 distribution network transformer units in the studied cities under increasingly challenging environmental conditions. The approach integrates both temporal and spatial analysis to uncover dynamic patterns from a demand-side perspective of distributed network. Temporal analysis examines variations in electrical carbon emissions at monthly, daily, and hourly intervals, providing a detailed view of emission trends over time. Spatial analysis explores whether the electrical carbon emission patterns are spatio-temporally correlated by using correlation techniques. On this basis the spatial evolution is then explored by employing the standard deviation ellipse method. Additionally, the logarithmic mean divisia index analysis is applied to quantify the impact of various factors on electrical carbon emissions. Findings reveal significant temporal and spatial correlations in urban electrical carbon emissions covering the period from May to September 2018. The spatial analysis indicates a southwest-to-northeast trajectory in the movement of the ellipse's center of gravity over time, with higher emissions concentrated in the central district and lower levels in peripheral areas. Key driving factors influencing electrical carbon emissions include average temperature, finance and taxation, values of industrial production and commercial consumption. These insights contribute to a deeper understanding of the spatiotemporal dynamics of electrical carbon emissions.
Unspoken obligations: Perspectives on Post-Trial Responsibilities from a Tanzanian Research Ethics Committee and Researchers
Authors: Mwangi Rose , Mtweve Sabina , Mmbaga Blandina T. , Manongi Rachel 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction: In the evolving landscape of medical research, ethical considerations extend beyond the duration of clinical trials, particularly concerning the post-trial care of participants. This study explores the perceived responsibilities of researchers and Research Ethics Committees (RECs), in ensuring participants’ well being after trials conclude.
Guided by ethical frameworks such as the Belmont Report and the Declaration of Helsinki, the research highlights the imperative to provide continued access to beneficial interventions, especially in resource-poor settings.
Methods: This qualitative phenomenographic case study, involved two primary data collection methods: Focus group discussions (FGD) and in-depth interviews. The FGD involved of REC members from three institutions with extensive experience in of externally funded clinical research in collaboration with international partners: (Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre [KCMC], Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute [KCRI] and Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College [KCMUCO]. Additionally, in-depth interviews were conducted with researchers from these institutions. REC members and were eligible to participate in the FGD while researchers were selected purposively based on the principle of saturation. The interviews and FGD were transcribed and translated into English. NVIVO 12 software was used for data management and analysis, including familiarization with data, coding and theme identification.
Results: The analysis revealed key themes related to post-trial responsibilities, including challenges in implementing ethical principles and ensuring continued participant care. Significant gaps and inconsistencies in post-trial support, particularly in low resource settings were identified.
Conclusion: The findings highlight the urgent need to re-evaluate and improve post-trial participant care within clinical research. The study advocates for the development of strong support mechanisms, equitable distribution of research benefits, and enhanced ethical oversight to uphold participants' rights and welfare. These insights contribute to advancing bioethics and promoting a research environment that prioritizes ethical considerations and participant well-being.
Another Caution for Difference-in-Differences: Expected Gains
Authors: Dowd Bryan , Garrido Melissa 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Many interventions are based on voluntary participation in the treatment group and difference-in-differences (DID) models frequently are used to estimate the effect of the treatment on treatment group versus the untreated control group. Expected gains in the form of resolve or capacity to adhere to the intervention are likely to be unobserved by the analyst and affect outcomes only after the subject learns the actual content of the intervention effect. When an omitted variable is both time-varying and subject-varying, it will not be undetectable by all the usual DID specification tests, including tests of the parallel trends assumption, and will not be corrected by the standard two-way fixed effect model. Both the internal and external validity of estimated treatment effect can be threatened, whether the estimates are biased from a policy standpoint depends on how the intervention will be expanded if it proves to be successful. When the analyst suspects that unobserved expected gains are a source of bias in a DID model, there are a number of appropriate econometric methods available that double as specification tests. We provide a simulation example to show how the problem arises, and how it can be addressed.
Precision Diagnosis of Burn Injuries: Clinical Implications of Imaging and Predictive Modeling
Authors: Rangaiah Pramod K. B. , kumar B P Pradeep , Huss Fredrik , Augustine Robin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

This study introduces a novel methodology for burn analysis, leveraging dynamic contrast enhancement in RGB burn images. The proposed approach integrates three pivotal techniques: Adaptive Complex Independent Components Analysis (ACICA) for automated color correction, Reference Region (RR) for precise region identification, and sophisticated modeling for pixel-level classification. Our system aims to accurately and efficiently diagnose burn depth and area, facilitating personalized treatment from the initial stages. Our method ensures precise burn profile estimation by incorporating non-invasive burn-depth analysis, burn area detection, and a deep learning network trained on clinical trials. The deep neural network classifies burns such as superficial burns, superficial-dermal burns, deep-dermal burns, and full-thickness burns, corresponding to distinct levels of tissue damage. This comprehensive classification, coupled with total body surface area (TBSA) calculation and precise segmentation, allows for an in-depth evaluation of burn severity, enhancing reliability and accuracy in burn injury categorization.Through robust quantitative assessment using various statistical parameters, our approach demonstrates significant improvements in image contrast and diagnostic precision. Extensive experimentation on a dataset comprising DCE-LUV samples validates the effectiveness of our methodology, showcasing enhanced contrast and detailed texture analysis. Comparative performance evaluations reveal that the RNN model outperforms FNN and CNN models, achieving 96.7\% accuracy and F1-Score, with precision and recall rates of 97.0\%. The integration of ACICA and RR methods, combined with deep neural networks and advanced segmentation techniques, significantly advances burn analysis methodologies, offering clinicians a comprehensive and effective tool for timely and accurate evaluation and management of burn injuries. This study highlights the clinical implications of precise imaging, TBSA calculation, segmentation, and predictive modeling in diagnosing and treating burn injuries.
Simulation study on the response characteristics of rock joints to cyclic shear load under constant normal stiffness boundary
Authors: Luan Hengjie , Liu Ziyi , Zhang Sunhao , Jiang Yujing , Li Bo , Chen Hongbin , Wang Changsheng , Jiang Tianqi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Under cyclic loading, rock joints undergo continuous slipping and closure, resulting in fatigue damage to the joints and thereby affecting the stability of rock engineering projects. To investigate the fatigue shear characteristics of joints under cyclic stress, a series of laboratory shear tests were conducted. Subsequently, a numerical simulation of rough joints under cyclic shear stress, involving variations in normal stiffness, loading amplitudes, and loading frequencies, was performed using a cyclic shear loading method based on the FISH language. The results indicate that there is a hysteretic effect in the shear stress-shear displacement curves of joints. The hysteresis loop is initially small and densely distributed, expanding and becoming loosely distributed in the later stages of cyclic shear. During cyclic shear stress, the shear velocity of the joint fluctuates from positive to negative, with the maximum shear velocity changing more than 10 times before and after joint instability. As normal stiffness increases to the same shear displacement, more cracks develop in the joint. When the normal stiffness exceeds 3 GPa/m, a conspicuous failure zone is evident. Loading amplitude shows an inverse proportionality to the number of cycles required to achieve the target shear displacement. Loading frequency exhibits a linear proportionality to the number of cycles needed to reach the target shear displacement. The fatigue damage degree of joints during cyclic shear can be represented by two indices: FR value and D value. In this study, the critical D value for joints under all working conditions ranges from approximately 0.037 to 0.097, with the corresponding critical FR value ranging from about 0.700 to 0.822.
Inter- and intraspecific constraint of accessible chromatins maps regulatory loci involved in maize speciation and domestication
Authors: Shi Junpeng , Liu Yuting , Gao Xiang , Liu Hongjun , Yang Xuerong , Liu Xiao , Xu Fang , Zhu Yuzhi , Li Qingyun , Huang Liangliang , Yang Fang , Lai Jinsheng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Comparative genomic studies have the capability to find genes that are either under evolutionary constraint for organismal living or specialized for trait innovations. Meanwhile, there is a growing body of evidence suggesting that evolutionary constraint can also happen on non-coding regulatory sequences, exerting profound effects on fitness traits. However, the majority of these evidences originate from primate studies and has yet to be thoroughly explored in plants. In this study, we adopt assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq) to profile the inter- and intraspecific constraint of over 80,000 maize accessible chromatin regions (ACRs). Our findings reveal that ACRs exhibit accelerated evolution over coding genes, resulting in approximately one-third of ACRs that specifically existed in maize lineage and exerting prominent transcriptional effects on genes associated with speciation. We highlight the role of transposable elements (TEs) in driving intraspecific innovation of ACRs, and uncover hundreds of candidate ACRs that likely involved in the transcriptional rewiring of genes during maize domestication. Furthermore, we demonstrate the importance of accessible chromatins in maintaining maize subgenome dominance and controlling complex trait variations. Our work establishes a new framework for analyzing the evolutionary trajectory of extensive plant regulatory sequences, and offers some candidate loci for downstream exploration and application during maize breeding.
Optimistic actor-critic reinforcement learning for control of spatially evolving flows
Authors: SAIBI Amine , MATHELIN Lionel , SEMERARO Onofrio 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Flow control has attracted research for the positive outcomes in engineering systems applications and is finding renewed interest thanks to the rise of data-driven modeling and control algorithms. Interestingly, due to the nonlinearities and the strong convective nature leading to time delays, fluid systems can also serve as challenging test-bed for the further development of control algorithms; indeed, despite the huge potential, the limitations introduced by the plant represent a challenge and the inherent complexity of the dynamics at play requires appropriate strategies during the training process. In this contribution, we consider a reinforcement learning framework and introduce a well-suited actor-critic algorithm to tackle these challenges. The presented algorithm is i) data-parsimonious, ii) leverages optimistic order in the value iteration and iii) is equipped with policy improvement-based error bounds. These features allow a speed-up of the convergence and provide a theoretical-based stopping criterion. As test cases, we consider a linearized version of the Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation and the control of instabilities in a two-dimensional boundary-layer flow developing over a flat plate, by introducing a minimal number of sensors and actuators. Concerning analogous works that appeared in literature, we show that keeping a rather classical plant is sufficient for guaranteeing adequate performance if the input-output dynamics as well as the observability properties are taken into account.