bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laboratory evaluation of a novel anaesthesia delivery device
Authors: Paul A. , Clark J. N. , Salama I. E. , Jenkins B. J. , Goodwin N. , Wilkes A. R. , Mahoney P. F. , Hall J. E. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryHere, we describe proof of concept of a novel method for delivering volatile anaesthetics, where the liquid anaesthetic (sevoflurane or isoflurane) is formulated into an emulsion that is contained in a compact, lightweight device through which carrier gas flows. Release of anaesthetic is achieved by stirring of the formulation, allowing controlled and responsive release of anaesthetic at a variety of fixed flow rates between 0.5 l.min−1 and 5 l.min−1, with ventilated, non‐ventilated and draw‐over breathing systems. Anaesthetic release was evaluated using target anaesthetic concentrations ranging from 0.5% v/v to 8% v/v to mimic those typically required for induction and maintenance of anaesthesia, and lower concentrations suitable for sedation. Under all conditions, output could be maintained within 0.1% v/v of the intended setting, and the device could deliver a controlled level of anaesthetic for at least 60 min, with compensation for different ambient temperatures (10–30 °C) and carrier gas flow rates. This device offers a simple, inexpensive method of delivering safe concentrations of volatile anaesthetics for a wide range of applications.
Calling the patient's own name facilitates recovery from general anaesthesia: a randomised double‐blind trial
Authors: Jung Y. S. , Paik H. , Min S.‐H. , Choo H. , Seo M. , Bahk J.‐H. , Seo J.‐H. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryPeople can hear and pay attention to familiar terms such as their own name better than general terms, referred to as the cocktail party effect. We performed a prospective, randomised, double‐blind trial to investigate whether calling the patient's name compared with a general term facilitated a patient's response and recovery from general anaesthesia. We enrolled women having breast cancer surgery with general anaesthesia using propofol and remifentanil. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups depending on whether the patient's name or a general term was called, followed by the verbal command – ‘open your eyes!’ – during emergence from anaesthesia; this pre‐recorded sentence was played to the patient using headphones. Fifty patients were allocated to the name group and 51 to the control group. Our primary outcome was the time from discontinuation of anaesthesia until eye opening. The mean (SD) time was 337 (154) s in the name group and 404 (170) s in the control group (p = 0.041). The time to i‐gel® removal was 385 (152) vs. 454 (173) s (p = 0.036), the time until achieving a bispectral index of 60 was 174 (133) vs. 205 (160) s (p = 0.3), and the length of stay in the postanaesthesia care unit was 43.8 (3.4) vs. 47.3 (7.1) min (p = 0.005), respectively. In conclusion, using the patient's name may be an easy and effective method to facilitate recovery from general anaesthesia.
Regulatory verification on safe use of cytotoxic drugs in veterinary clinics and animal hospitals
Authors: Fung V , Seneviratne M 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundVeterinarians are increasingly being asked to provide chemotherapy for veterinary patients. However, chemotherapy agents have cytotoxic effects that can pose a health risk to workers from exposure. There are no published studies examining cytotoxic drug (CTD) contamination in veterinary practices in Australia.Methods
CTD use at 13 veterinary clinics and animal hospitals across New South Wales (NSW) was verified for compliance with Work, Health and Safety (WHS) legislation on the effectiveness of exposure control measures. Surface swab sampling was performed to detect the restricted carcinogen cyclophosphamide and seven other CTD. A total of 73 surface swab samples were collected from nine locations associated with CTD delivery, storage, treatment and waste disposal at four veterinary practices, with repeat sampling at two veterinary practices.ResultsCompliance with WHS legislation for systematic chemical management, including procedures for safe use of carcinogens, in veterinary practices was high: 4 of the 10 key clauses in WHS chemical management were complied with at all 13 verified workplaces. Surface contamination was detected in three locations, with levels of CTD contaminants ranging from 3.54 to 89 ng per sample.DiscussionResults showed that, in general, there were safe systems in place to work with CTD in the veterinary practices that were verified in NSW. Areas for improvement were mainly in administrative measures related to hazardous chemical management. Particular attention should be given to raising awareness of the intrinsic hazards of CTD, through training and hazard information provision to staff.
An Efficient Structure‐Aware Bilateral Texture Filtering for Image Smoothing
Authors: Lin Ting‐Hao , Way Der‐Lor , Shih Zen‐Chung , Tai Wen‐Kai , Chang Chin‐Chen 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPhotos contain well‐structured and plentiful visual information. Edges are active and expressive stimuli for human visual perception. However, it is hard to separate structure from details because edge strength and object scale are entirely different concepts. This paper proposes a structure‐aware bilateral texture algorithm to remove texture patterns and preserve structures. Our proposed method is simple and fast, as well as effective in removing textures. Instead of patch shift, smaller patches represent pixels located at structure edges, and original patches represent the texture regions. Specifically, this paper also improves joint bilateral filter to preserve small structures. Moreover, a windowed inherent variation is adapted to distinguish textures and structures for detecting structure edges. Finally, the proposed method produces excellent experimental results. These results are compared to some results of previous studies. Besides, structure‐preserving filtering is a critical operation in many image processing applications. Our proposed filter is also demonstrated in many attractive applications, such as seam carving, detail enhancement, artistic rendering, etc.
Real‐time Texture Synthesis and Concurrent Random‐access Rendering for Low‐cost GPU Chip Design
Authors: Zhang L. , Fenney S. , Escribano F. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractNumerous algorithms have been researched in the area of texture synthesis. However, it remains difficult to design a low‐cost synthesis scheme capable of generating high quality results while simultaneously achieving real‐time performance. Additional challenges include making a scheme parallel and being able to partially render/synthesize high‐resolution textures. Furthermore, it would be beneficial for a synthesis scheme to be able to incorporate Texture Compression and minimize the bandwidth usage, especially on mobile devices. In this paper, we propose a practical method which has low computational complexity and produces textures with small storage requirements. Through use of an index table, random access of the texture is another essential advantage, with which parallel rendering becomes feasible including generation of mip‐map sequences. Integrating the index table with existing compression algorithms, for example ETC or PVRTC, the bandwidth is further reduced and avoids the need for a separate, computationally expensive pass to compress the synthesized output. It should be noted that our texture synthesis achieves real‐time performance and low power consumption even on mobile devices, for which texture synthesis has been traditionally considered too expensive.
Temporally Coherent and Artistically Intended Stylization of Feature Lines Extracted from 3D Models
Authors: Cardona L. , Saito S. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a method to maintain the temporal coherence of stylized feature lines extracted from 3D models and preserve an artistically intended stylization provided by the user. We formally define the problem of combining spatio‐temporal continuity and artistic intention as a weighted energy minimization problem of competing constraints. The proposed method updates the style properties to provide real‐time smooth transitions from current to goal stylization, by assuring first‐ and second‐order temporal continuity, as well as spatial continuity along each stroke. The proposed weighting scheme guarantees that the stylization of strokes maintains motion coherence with respect to the apparent motion of the underlying surface in consecutive frames. This weighting scheme emphasizes temporal continuity for small apparent motions where the human vision system is able to keep track of the scene, and prioritizes the artistic intention for large apparent motions where temporal coherence is not expected. The proposed method produces temporally coherent and visually pleasing animations without the flickering artifacts of previous methods, while also maintaining the artistic intention of a goal stylization provided by the user.
Anaglyph Caustics with Motion Parallax
Authors: Lancelle M. , Martin T. , Solenthaler B. , Gross M. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn this paper we present a method to model and simulate a lens such that its caustic reveals a stereoscopic 3D image when viewed through anaglyph glasses. By interpreting lens dispersion as stereoscopic disparity, our method optimizes the shape and arrangement of prisms constituting the lens, such that the resulting anaglyph caustic corresponds to a given input image defined by intensities and disparities. In addition, a slight change of the lens' distance to the screen causes a 3D parallax effect that can also be perceived without glasses. Our proposed relaxation method carefully balances the resulting pixel intensity and disparity error, while taking the subsequent physical fabrication process into account. We demonstrate our method on a representative set of input images and evaluate the anaglyph caustics using multi‐spectral photon tracing. We further show the fabrication of prototype lenses with a laser cutter as a proof of concept.
Proxy‐guided Image‐based Rendering for Mobile Devices
Authors: Reinert Bernhard , Kopf Johannes , Ritschel Tobias , Cuervo Eduardo , Chu David , Seidel Hans‐Peter 
Published: October 2016

AbstractVR headsets and hand‐held devices are not powerful enough to render complex scenes in real‐time. A server can take on the rendering task, but network latency prohibits a good user experience. We present a new image‐based rendering (IBR) architecture for masking the latency. It runs in real‐time even on very weak mobile devices, supports modern game engine graphics, and maintains high visual quality even for large view displacements. We propose a novel server‐side dual‐view representation that leverages an optimally‐placed extra view and depth peeling to provide the client with coverage for filling disocclusion holes. This representation is directly rendered in a novel wide‐angle projection with favorable directional parameterization. A new client‐side IBR algorithm uses a pre‐transmitted level‐of‐detail proxy with an encaging simplification and depth‐carving to maintain highly complex geometric detail. We demonstrate our approach with typical VR / mobile gaming applications running on mobile hardware. Our technique compares favorably to competing approaches according to perceptual and numerical comparisons.
Multiple Scattering Approximation in Heterogeneous Media by Narrow Beam Distributions
Authors: Shinya Mikio , Dobashi Yoshinori , Shiraishi Michio , Kawashima Motonobu , Nishita Tomoyuki 
Published: October 2016

AbstractFast realistic rendering of objects in scattering media is still a challenging topic in computer graphics. In presence of participating media, a light beam is repeatedly scattered by media particles, changing direction and getting spread out. Explicitly evaluating this beam distribution would enable efficient simulation of multiple scattering events without involving costly stochastic methods. Narrow beam theory provides explicit equations that approximate light propagation in a narrow incident beam. Based on this theory, we propose a closed‐form distribution function for scattered beams. We successfully apply it to the image synthesis of scenes in which scattering occurs, and show that our proposed estimation method is more accurate than those based on the Wentzel‐Kramers‐Brillouin (WKB) theory.
Efficient Multi‐image Correspondences for On‐line Light Field Video Processing
Authors: Dąbała Ł. , Ziegler M. , Didyk P. , Zilly F. , Keinert J. , Myszkowski K. , Seidel H.‐P. , Rokita P. , Ritschel T. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractLight field videos express the entire visual information of an animated scene, but their shear size typically makes capture, processing and display an off‐line process, i. e., time between initial capture and final display is far from real‐time. In this paper we propose a solution for one of the key bottlenecks in such a processing pipeline, which is a reliable depth reconstruction possibly for many views. This is enabled by a novel correspondence algorithm converting the video streams from a sparse array of off‐the‐shelf cameras into an array of animated depth maps. The algorithm is based on a generalization of the classic multi‐resolution Lucas‐Kanade correspondence algorithm from a pair of images to an entire array. Special inter‐image confidence consolidation allows recovery from unreliable matching in some locations and some views. It can be implemented efficiently in massively parallel hardware, allowing for interactive computations. The resulting depth quality as well as the computation performance compares favorably to other state‐of‐the art light field‐to‐depth approaches, as well as stereo matching techniques. Another outcome of this work is a data set of light field videos that are captured with multiple variants of sparse camera arrays.
Helicobacter pylori colonization and pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia, spontaneous prematurity, and small for gestational age birth
Authors: den Hollander Wouter J. , Schalekamp‐Timmermans Sarah , Holster I. Lisanne , Jaddoe Vincent W. , Hofman Albert , Moll Henriëtte A. , Perez‐Perez Guillermo I. , Blaser Martin J. , Steegers Eric A. P. , Kuipers Ernst J. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundPreeclampsia (PE), small for gestational age (SGA), and spontaneous preterm birth (PTB) each may be complications of impaired placental function in pregnancy. Although their exact pathogenesis is still unknown, certain infectious agents seem to play a role. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) colonization has been associated with increased risk for PE. Our aim was to assess the association between H. pylori colonization and PE, SGA, and PTB.Material and MethodsWe measured IgG anti‐H. pylori and CagA antibodies in serum of pregnant women (median 20.5 weeks, range 16.5‐29.4) who participated in a population‐based prospective cohort study. Delivery and medical records were assessed. Information on demographics, education, and maternal risk factors was collected by questionnaire. We used multivariate logistic regression analyses to assess associations between H. pylori colonization and PE, SGA, and PTB.ResultsIn total, 6348 pregnant women were assessed. H. pylori positivity was found in 2915 (46%) women, of whom 1023 (35%) also were CagA‐positive. Pregnancy was complicated by PE, SGA, or PTB in 927 (15%) women. H. pylori colonization was associated with PE (aOR 1.51; 95%CI 1.03‐2.25). Differentiation according to CagA status revealed the same risk. H. pylori was positively related with SGA, mainly explained by CagA‐positive strains (aOR 1.34; 1.04‐1.71). No association was observed between H. pylori and PTB.ConclusionsOur data suggest that H. pylori colonization may be a risk factor for PE and SGA. If these associations are confirmed by future studies and shown to be causal, H. pylori eradication may reduce related perinatal morbidity and mortality.
Constitutive response of calcium‐silicate‐hydrate layers under combined loading
Authors: Palkovic Steven D. , Yip Sidney , Büyüköztürk Oral 
Published: October 2016

AbstractCalcium‐silicate‐hydrate (C‐S‐H) is the main hydration product for ordinary Portland cement (OPC) materials that exhibits a layered structure containing interfaces that controls the system response to shear deformation at the nanometer scale. In this work, we used molecular statics simulations to study the mechanical behavior of an atomistic model of C‐S‐H under combined loading conditions that are typical of structural applications of these materials. Combined loading is implemented by first compressing or stretching the atomistic structure to impose an external hydrostatic pressure, and then loading the system through both heterogeneous and homogeneous shear deformation. By utilizing two different shear methodologies, we were able to isolate the interface behavior from the bulk response. Our results show several qualitative similarities with that of macroscale cementitious materials including pressure sensitivity of the maximum shear strength and strength asymmetry in compression and tension. This indicates that the well‐known cohesive‐frictional behavior of cementitious materials is fundamental to interfaces between C‐S‐H grains at the nanoscale. Comparing differences in our results with nanoindentation experiments motivate future investigations of the effect of C‐S‐H particle size and morphology on strength scaling properties at the mesoscale. These mesoscale model interactions should include the normal‐stress or pressure dependency that we observe.
Presence of non‐hypervascular hypointense nodules on Gadolinium‐ethoxybenzyl‐diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Inoue Masanori , Ogasawara Sadahisa , Chiba Tetsuhiro , Ooka Yoshihiko , Wakamatsu Toru , Kobayashi Kazufumi , Suzuki Eiichiro , Tawada Akinobu , Yokosuka Osamu 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackground and AimsGadolinium‐ethoxybenzyl‐diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd‐EOB‐DTPA)‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performed before curative therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can distinguish between intrahepatic distant recurrence and hypervascularization. This study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the presence of non‐hypervascular hypointense nodules on hepatobiliary phase images from Gd‐EOB‐DTPA‐enhanced MRI as a risk factor of the intrahepatic distant recurrence of early stage HCC following radiofrequency ablation (RFA).MethodsA total of 132 patients who underwent preprocedural Gd‐EOB‐DTPA‐enhanced MRI followed by initial RFA were retrospectively analyzed. Post‐RFA intrahepatic distant recurrence, which excluded the hypervascularization of non‐hypervascular hypointense nodules detected by preprocedural Gd‐EOB‐DTPA‐enhanced MRI, was evaluated according to the presence of non‐hypervascular hypointense nodules on preprocedural Gd‐EOB‐DTPA‐enhanced MRI.ResultsIntrahepatic distant recurrence rates following RFA were higher in patients with non‐hypervascular hypointense nodules (1‐year: 22.5%, 2‐year: 52.1%, 5‐year: 89.1%) compared with in patients without non‐hypervascular hypointense nodules (1‐year: 7.0%, 2‐year: 28.8%, 5‐year: 48.7%). The presence of non‐hypervascular hypointense nodules was associated with markedly increased cumulative recurrence rates of both identical and different subsegment intrahepatic distant recurrence, being an independent risk factor for post‐RFA identical and different subsegment intrahepatic distant recurrence (identical: HR = 2.365, P = 0.027; different: HR = 3.276, P < 0.001).ConclusionThe presence of non‐hypervascular hypointense nodules on hepatobiliary phase images from Gd‐EOB‐DTPA‐enhanced MRI obtained prior to RFA is an important predictive factor of intrahepatic distant recurrence following RFA of HCC.
Effect of a Long‐Term Physical Activity Intervention on Resting Pulse Rate in Older Persons: Results from the Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders Study
Authors: ó Hartaigh Bríain , Lovato Laura C. , Pahor Marco , Buford Thomas W. , Dodson John A. , Forman Daniel E. , Buman Matthew P. , Demons Jamehl L. , Santanasto Adam J. , Liu Christine , Miller Michael E. , McDermott Mary McGrae , Gill Thomas M. ,   the LIFE Study Group
Published: October 2016

ObjectivesTo assess the utility of a long‐term physical activity (PA) intervention for reducing resting pulse rate (RPR) in older persons.DesignCommunity.SettingLifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders Study.ParticipantsIndividuals aged 70 to 89 (N = 1,635, 67.2% women) were randomized to a moderate‐intensity PA intervention (n = 818) or a health education–based successful aging (SA) intervention (n = 817).MeasurementsRPR was recorded at baseline and 6, 18, and 30 months. Longitudinal changes in RPR of intervention groups were compared using a mixed‐effects analysis of covariance model for repeated‐measure outcomes, generating least squares means with standard errors (SEs) or 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsMean duration of the study was 2.6 years (median 2.7 years, interquartile range 2.3–3.1 years). The average effect of the PA intervention on RPR over the course of the study period was statistically significant but clinically small (average intervention difference = 0.84 beats/min; 95% CI = 0.17–1.51; Paverage = .01), with the most pronounced effect observed at 18 months (PA, 66.5 beats/min (SE 0.32 beats/min); SA, 67.8 beats/min (SE 0.32 beats/min); difference = 1.37 beats/min, 95% CI = 0.48–2.26 beats/min). The relationship became somewhat weaker and was not statistically significant at 30 months. There were no significant differences between several prespecified subgroups.ConclusionA long‐term moderate‐intensity PA program was associated with a small and clinically insignificant slowing of RPR in older persons. Whether PA can deliver a beneficial reduction in RPR requires further examination in older adults.
Complete response to paclitaxel, ifosfamide, and cisplatin therapy in a case of ovarian ependymoma
Authors: Hino Makiko , Kobayashi Yusuke , Wada Michiko , Hattori Yoshihisa , Kurahasi Takashi , Nakagawa Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThere are many reports on paclitaxel, ifosfamide, and cisplatin (TIP) therapy, following standard bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin (BEP) therapy, for salvage treatment of testicular malignant germ cell tumors, but there are no reports on its use for ovarian malignant tumors. We report here that a patient with primary ependymoma of the ovary, who was resistant to BEP therapy, achieved a complete response to a combined therapy, including TIP therapy as the second‐line chemotherapy and surgery. This important case, combined with published studies, suggests that TIP therapy is effective for both testicular and ovarian malignant tumors and indicates that TIP therapy can be used as an effective second‐line therapy for malignant tumors resistant to BEP therapy.