bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zeolitic behaviour of paratoluenesulfonic acid-modified clay in Friedel-Crafts synthesis of raspberry ketone
Authors: Lakshmy M. , Chandrasekhar B.M. , Jai Prakash B.S. , Bhat Y.S. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDuring solventless alkylation of phenol with 4-hydroxy-2-butanone under microwave irradiation, paratoluenesulfonic acid (pTSA)-modified montmorillonite clays gave, regioselectively, 4-(4′-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone (raspberry ketone). The duration for this reaction under microwave irradiation is much shorter than that of the conventional method. A comparative study of the alkylation reaction over a montmorillonite clay sample treated with 0.5 M-pTSA (0.5 M-pTSA clay) with that of Al-exchanged montmorillonite (Al3+-Mont) and beta-zeolite (HB) was carried out. The results show that the reaction time to reach equilibrium and the product distribution pattern for the reaction over 0.5 M-pTSA clay were similar to those values for the HB. Micropores formed on the clay surface during the pTSA treatment were found to enhance the rate of formation of C-alkylation. Micropores appear to enable better access to the active sites during the course of reaction.
PERFORMANCE OF PRESSURE TUBES IN CANDU REACTORS
Authors: Rodgers Douglas , Griffiths Malcolm , Bickel Grant , Buyers Andrew , Coleman Christopher , Nordin Heidi , Lawrence Sterling St 
Published: June 2016

The pressure tubes in CANDU reactors typically operate for times up to about 30 years prior to refurbishment. The in-reactor performance of Zr-2.5Nb pressure tubes has been evaluated by sampling and periodic inspection. This paper describes the behavior and discusses the factors controlling the behaviour of these components. The Zr–2.5Nb pressure tubes are nominally extruded at 815 °C, cold worked nominally 27%, and stress relieved at 400 °C for 24 hours, resulting in a structure consisting of elongated grains of hexagonal close-packed alpha-Zr, partially surrounded by a thin network of filaments of body-centred-cubic beta-Zr. These beta-Zr filaments are meta-stable and contain about 20% Nb after extrusion. The stress-relief treatment results in partial decomposition of the beta-Zr filaments with the formation of hexagonal close-packed alpha-phase particles that are low in Nb, surrounded by a Nb-enriched beta-Zr matrix. The material properties of pressure tubes are determined by variations in alpha-phase texture, alpha-phase grain structure, network dislocation density, beta-phase decomposition, and impurity concentration that are a function of manufacturing variables. The pressure tubes operate at temperatures between 250 °C and 310 °C with coolant pressures up to about 11 MPa in fast neutron fluxes up to 4 × 1017 n·m−2·s−1 (E > 1 MeV) and the properties are modified by these conditions. The properties of the pressure tubes in an operating reactor are therefore a function of both manufacturing and operating condition variables. The ultimate tensile strength, fracture toughness, and delayed hydride-cracking properties (velocity (V) and threshold stress intensity factor (KIH)) change with irradiation, but all reach a nearly limiting value at a fluence of less than 1025 n·m−2 (E > 1 MeV). At this point the ultimate tensile strength is raised about 200 MPa, toughness is reduced by about 50%, V increases by about a factor of 6, while KIH is only slightly reduced. The role of microstructure and trace elements in these behaviours is described. Pressure tubes exhibit elongation, diametral expansion, and sag. The deformation behaviour is a function of operating conditions and the material properties that vary from tube-to-tube and as a function of axial location. Semi-empirical predictive models have been developed to describe the deformation response of average tubes as a function of operating conditions. The effect of material variability on corrosion behaviour is less well defined compared with other properties but there are instances where tube orientation and ingot source can be identified as factors that have an effect on hydrogen pick-up.
CBRN Security, Human Factor, and the New Focus on Security Culture
Authors: Gahlaut Seema 
Published: June 2016

<p>Security analysts worldwide are increasingly concerned that terrorist groups, in pursuit of more stupefying shows of strength and resolve, might seek access to CBRN materials. Of these, nuclear (N) materials, as a rule, are far better protected than the others. Yet, much of the concern about materials security revolves around nuclear rather than radiological (R), chemical (C) or biological (B). In part, this benign neglect of dangers from B, R, and N materials stems from the fact that we are surrounded by them in their civilian/industrial forms, and are comfortable and familiar with them in everyday life.</p>
Life as Art, Art as Life, and Life’s Art: the ‘Living Poetics’ of Italian Modernism
Authors: Jansen Monica , Jurišić Srećko , Van den Bergh Carmen 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis article studies the key concept of ‘life’ within the context of Italian modernism, understood in the broad sense of a network of cultural responses in the period from 1861 until the mid-1930s. Following Roberto Esposito’s suggestion that the transversal category of life is distinctive for Italian “living thought” (Esposito), the ‘living poetics’ here exposed focuses on three key literary moments in which the crucial relationship between life and art is radically redefined. D’Annunzio’s ‘life as art’ aesthetics develops a ‘lifestyle’ with an individualist as well as nationalist dimension with its climax in the First World War. Futurism, starting from the axiom that war is the sole hygiene of the world, develops instead an ‘art as life program’ with which to revolutionize not only present life but also the afterlife. Finally, the young realists of the 1930s bring back absolutist notions of life to their realist and private proportions in order to create a poetics of reconstruction after the trauma of the Great War. A comparison between these literary moments shows how the concept of life not only is a constitutive element of an Italian ‘living poetics,’ but also that literary change entails a constant redefinition of autonomist and heteronomous aspects of the paradoxical tension between art and life.
Literaturrevolution in Continental Jewish Aesthetics
Authors: Sjöberg Sami 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe German term Literaturrevolution, associated with the modern period in literature, covers various aesthetical ideas and ideologies revolving around the notion of revolution. Concerning revolt, Literaturrevolution entails a radical reinterpretation of the relation between art and reality as it charts the role of art during the socio-political upheavals of modernity. The article traces the variety of readings of the notion of revolution present in francophone and germanophone Jewish literature and meta-literary discussions in Europe from the early 1900s until the outbreak of the Second World War. It accounts for the reception, adaptation, and utilization of revolutionary discourses among expressionists and dadaists of Jewish origin. The motivation to focus on Jewish thought in particular derives not only from its peculiarities but also from its discursive plurality. This plurality is already evident in Gustav Landauer’s Die Revolution (1907), which captures the manifoldness of reformist ideas in East-Central European Jewish thought. In the wake of his book, the aesthetic, religious-ecstatic, and socio-political aspects of revolution overlapped and amalgamated. The multifaceted conceptions of revolt are particularly noticeable in the Jewish manifestations of Literaturrevolution as they placed the aesthetical with the social in parallel, evoking both socialist and fascist conservative opposition.
Basic Income and the Ideal of Epistemic Equality
Authors: Herzog Lisa 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn this short paper I explore whether a pro tanto argument for an unconditional basic income can be developed from a specific normative basis: the idea of epistemic equality as applied to organizations. In a broad sense, epistemic equality describes the idea that every individual has an equal right to speak up and to be heard if she has relevant information or knowledge to share, questions to ask, or complaints to bring forward. Epistemic equality has moral, instrumental, and instrumentally moral value in organizations. Drawing on Miranda Fricker’s work on epistemic injustice (2009), I argue that we have good reasons to postulate epistemic equality as a normative ideal for organizations, even if – and precisely because – they are otherwise hierarchically structured. The hypothesis I then proceed to explore is that an unconditional basic income, by providing better opportunities for “exit”, might be a step that would strengthen epistemic equality in organizations.
Potentials of Mangifera indica in the treatment of depressive-anxiety disorders: possible mechanisms of action
Authors: Ishola Ismail O. , Awodele Olufunsho , Eluogu Chinedum O. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Background: Mangifera indica (Anacardiaceae) is an important herb in the traditional African and Ayurvedic medicines. The stem barks are used in the treatment of hypertension, insomnia, tumour, depression, rheumatism and as a tonic. This study was carried out to investigate antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like effect of the hydroethanol stem bark extract of M. indica (HeMI) in mice.

Methods: HeMI (12.5–100 mg/kg, p.o.) was administered 1 h before subjecting the animal to the forced swim test (FST), tail suspension test (TST) and elevated plus maze tests (EPM).

Results: HeMI (12.5–100 mg/kg, p.o.) treatment produced significant reduction in immobility time [F(6.56)=8.35, p<0.001], [F(6,56)=7.55, p<0.001] in the FST and TST, respectively. Moreover, co-administration of sub-therapeutic doses of imipramine or fluoxetine with HeMI (3.125 mg/kg) elicited significant reduction in time spent immobile in the FST. However, pretreatment of mice with parachlorophenylalanine, metergoline, yohimbine or sulpiride abolished the antidepressant-like effect elicited by HeMI. In the EPM, HeMI produced significant [F(5,42)=8.91, p<0.001] increase in open arms exploration by 75.55 % and this effect was blocked by pretreatment of mice with flumazenil or metergoline.

Conclusions: Findings from this study showed antidepressant-like effect of M. indica through interaction with 5-HT2 receptor, α2-adrenoceptor and dopamine D2-receptors. Also, an anxiolytic-like effect through its affinity for 5-HT2 and benzodiazepine receptors. Hence, M. indica could be a potential phytotherapeutic agent in the treatment of mixed anxiety-depressive illness.
Power System State Estimation Accuracy Enhancement Using Temperature Measurements of Overhead Line Conductors
Authors: Wydra Michał , Kacejko Piotr 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Power system state estimation is a process of real-time online modeling of an electric power system. The estimation is performed with the application of a static model of the system and current measurements of electrical quantities that are encumbered with an error. Usually, a model of the estimated system is also encumbered with an uncertainty, especially power line resistances that depend on the temperature of conductors. At present, a considerable development of technologies for dynamic power line rating can be observed. Typically, devices for dynamic line rating are installed directly on the conductors and measure basic electric parameters such as the current and voltage as well as non-electric ones as the surface temperature of conductors, their expansion, stress or the conductor sag angle relative to the plumb line. The objective of this paper is to present a method for power system state estimation that uses temperature measurements of overhead line conductors as supplementary measurements that enhance the model quality and thereby the estimation accuracy. Power system state estimation is presented together with a method of using the temperature measurements of power line conductors for updating the static power system model in the state estimation process. The results obtained with that method have been analyzed based on the estimation calculations performed for an example system - with and without taking into account the conductor temperature measurements. The final part of the article includes conclusions and suggestions for the further research.
Folate, neopterin and kynurenine pathway in patients with statin therapy
Authors: Palabiyik Saziye Sezin , Girgin Gozde , Asci Ali , Demirelli Selami , Uslu Abdulkadir , Karakelleoglu Sule , Akcay Fatih , Aksakal Enbiya , Sahin Gonul , Baydar Terken 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Statins, widely used antihyperlipidemic drugs, also have immunomodulatory properties independent from their lipid lowering effect. Even with slight modulations in the immune system, pteridine levels can display changes. The effect of statins on pteridines and related pathways has been demonstrated in a limited number of studies. The aim of the study was to evaluate the possible changes in neopterin and folate levels, and tryptophan (Trp) degradation in hyperlipidemic patients. Patients who were admitted to the cardiology clinic were randomly grouped if they were having statin treatment (n=69) or not (n=36). Serum Trp and kynurenine (Kyn), erythrocyte folate, and urinary neopterin levels were measured. It was found that urinary neopterin levels were significantly higher in patients on statin treatment (p<0.05) while levels of folate, Trp, Kyn, and Kyn-to-Trp ratios (Kyn/Trp) presented no significant changes (all, p>0.05). The correlation of the measured parameters was also evaluated and neopterin, folate and tryptophan degradation were found to be positively correlated. According to the results, neopterin levels, folate status and Trp degradation were altered in patients with statin treatment in comparison with the patients not receiving statin therapy. In order to point out the direct effect of statins on pteridines, further studies presenting both pre- and post-statin treatment of these parameters are needed.
Solvent extraction of Th(IV) from aqueous solution with methylimidazole in ionic liquid
Authors: Li Wenkui , Yang Shenghua , Lv Hui , Liu Ziyi , Wu Jianrong , Li Shun , Shen Yinglin 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
An extraction of Th(IV) was performed using 1- methylimidazole (1-MIM) or 2-methylimidazole (2-MIM) as the extractant in imidazolium type ionic liquids (ILs) or n-pentanol. The extractability for Th4+ in ILs was by far higher than that obtained in n-pentanol. The extraction mechanism was determined by slope analysis and ESI-MS. The transfer of Th4+ with MIM into ILs proceeded through both a cationic exchange and a neutral solvation mechanism, whereas the partitioning of Th4+ with MIM into n-pentanol only underwent a neutral solvation mechanism. The thermodynamic parameters values (ΔH, ΔS and ΔG) for extraction of Th4+ with 1-MIM in IL were calculated and the results indicated the extraction reaction was spontaneous and went through endothermic process. Separation of Th4+ from the solution of lanthanides (III) and uranium was also carried out by 1-MIM in ILs and n-pentanol.
Development and biological evaluation of 90Y-BPAMD as a novel bone seeking therapeutic Agent
Authors: Rabiei Ali , Shamsaei Mojtaba , Yousefnia Hassan , Zolghadri Samaneh , Reza Jalilian Amir , Enayati Razieh 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Nowadays, the bone-seeking radiopharmaceuticals play an important role in the treatment of the bone-related pathologies. Whereas various phosphonate ligands have already been identified, a DOTA-based bisphosphonate, 4-{[(bis(phosphonomethyl))carbamoyl]methyl}- 7,10-bis(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododec- 1-yl (BPAMD) with better characteristics has recently been synthesized. In this study, 90Y-BPAMD was developed with radiochemical purity >98% and the specific activity of 3.52 TBq/mmol in the optimized conditions as a new bone-seeking therapeutic agent. The complex demonstrated significant stability at room temperature and in human serum even after 48 h. At even low amount of hydroxyapatite (5 mg), more than 90% binding to hydroxyapatite was observed. Biodistribution studies after injection of the complex into the Syrian rats showed major accumulation of the labelled compound in the bone tissue and an insignificant uptake in the other organs all the times after injection. Generally, 90Y-BPAMD demonstrated interesting characteristics compared to the other 90Y bone-seeking agents and even 166Ho-BPAMD, and can be considered as a new bone-seeking candidate for therapeutic applications.
Uses of alpha particles, especially in nuclear reaction studies and medical radionuclide production
Authors: Qaim Syed M. , Spahn Ingo , Scholten Bernhard , Neumaier Bernd 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Alpha particles exhibit three important characteristics: scattering, ionisation and activation. This article briefly discusses those properties and outlines their major applications. Among others, α-particles are used in elemental analysis, investigation and improvement of materials properties, nuclear reaction studies and medical radionuclide production. The latter two topics, dealing with activation of target materials, are treated in some detail in this paper. Measurements of excitation functions of α-particle induced reactions shed some light on their reaction mechanisms, and studies of isomeric cross sections reveal the probability of population of high-spin nuclear levels. Regarding medical radionuclides, an overview is presented of the isotopes commonly produced using α-particle beams. Consideration is also given to some routes which could be potentially useful for production of a few other radionuclides. The significance of α-particle induced reactions to produce a few high-spin isomeric states, decaying by emission of low-energy conversion or Auger electrons, which are of interest in localized internal radiotherapy, is outlined. The α-particle beam, thus broadens the scope of nuclear chemistry research related to development of non-standard positron emitters and therapeutic radionuclides.
La formación de contadores públicos en Colombia a través de Internet
Authors: Meneses Fabio Enrique Gómez 
Published: June 2016

<p align="justify">Este estudio trata de presentar un panorama inicial y general de la formación de contadores públicos en Colombia a través de Internet, mediante la utilización de las plataformas de e-learning. A lo largo de este trabajo se presentarán las bases conceptuales necesarias para comprender qué es la educación virtual, su entorno y el por qué de su nacimiento y expansión en los últimos años. En la segunda parte del artículo se llevará a cabo un estudio empírico sobre los sitios web de Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES) en el país, que ofrecen programas y cursos a través de Internet o al menos prestan un soporte virtual a los programas y asignaturas presenciales mediante las plataformas de e-learning. Finalmente, se presentarán los resultados, limitaciones, futuras líneas de investigación y conclusiones resultantes del análisis aplicado.</p>
Lo público para la contabilidad y la contabilidad para lo público: caminos de investigación y alternativas de desarrollo contable
Authors: Bautista Jairo Alonso 
Published: June 2016

<p align="justify">El documento hace una presentación de los principales debates sobre “lo público” y las implicaciones que se desprenden de dichos debates en el desarrollo de la disciplina contable.</p><p align="justify">Desde los enfoques económico, feminista y comunitarista del debate sobre lo público, el documento desprende algunos posibles temas de investigación y establece un nivel de debate sobre las relaciones y la naturaleza de “lo público” y su importancia para la contabilidad.</p>
Comparison of Clinical, Maternal, and Self Pubertal Assessments: Implications for Health Studies
Authors: Terry Mary Beth , Goldberg Mandy , Schechter Sarah , Houghton Lauren C. , White Melissa L. , O’Toole Karen , Chung Wendy K. , Daly Mary B. , Keegan Theresa H.M. , Andrulis Irene L. , Bradbury Angela R. , Schwartz Lisa , Knight Julia A. , John Esther M. , Buys Saundra S. 
Published: June 2016

BACKGROUND:Most epidemiologic studies of puberty have only 1 source of pubertal development information (maternal, self or clinical). Interpretation of results across studies requires data on reliability and validity across sources.METHODS:The LEGACY Girls Study, a 5-site prospective study of girls aged 6 to 13 years (n = 1040) collected information on breast and pubic hair development from mothers (for all daughters) and daughters (if ≥10 years) according to Tanner stage (T1–5) drawings. At 2 LEGACY sites, girls (n = 282) were also examined in the clinic by trained professionals. We assessed agreement (κ) and validity (sensitivity and specificity) with the clinical assessment (gold standard) for both the mothers’ and daughters’ assessment in the subcohort of 282. In the entire cohort, we examined the agreement between mothers and daughters.RESULTS:Compared with clinical assessment, sensitivity of maternal assessment for breast development was 77.2 and specificity was 94.3. In girls aged ≥11 years, self-assessment had higher sensitivity and specificity than maternal report. Specificity for both mothers and self, but not sensitivity, was significantly lower for overweight girls. In the overall cohort, maternal and daughter agreement for breast development and pubic hair development (T2+ vs T1) were similar (0.66, [95% confidence interval 0.58–0.75] and 0.69 [95% confidence interval 0.61–0.77], respectively), but declined with age. Mothers were more likely to report a lower Tanner stage for both breast and pubic hair compared with self-assessments.CONCLUSIONS:These differences in validity should be considered in studies measuring pubertal changes longitudinally when they do not have access to clinical assessments.