bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parental feeding styles, young children’s fruit, vegetable, water and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption, and the moderating role of maternal education and ethnic background
Authors: Inhulsen Maj-Britt MR , Mérelle Saskia YM , Renders Carry M 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the associations between parental feeding styles and children’s dietary intakes and the modifying effect of maternal education and children’s ethnicity on these associations.DesignCross-sectional study of parental feeding styles, assessed by the Parental Feeding Style Questionnaire, and children’s dietary intakes. Multiple regression analyses were carried out to assess the associations between the parental feeding styles studied (‘control’, ‘emotional feeding’, ‘encouragement to eat’ and ‘instrumental feeding’) and children’s dietary intakes (consumption of fruit, vegetables, water and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB)). The modifying effect of maternal education and children’s ethnicity on these associations was explored.SettingNorth-western part of the Netherlands.SubjectsChildren aged 3–7 years (n 5926).ResultsBoth ‘encouragement’ and ‘control’ were associated with higher consumption of vegetables and lower consumption of SSB, but only ‘encouragement’ was positively associated with fruit and water intakes. ‘Instrumental feeding’ showed a positive association with SSB and negative associations with fruit, vegetable and water consumption. No significant associations were found for ‘emotional feeding’. Maternal educational level and children’s ethnicity moderated some associations; for example, ‘control’ was beneficial for vegetable intake in all subgroups, whereas the association with SSB was beneficial only in highly educated mothers.ConclusionsThe study shows that both encouraging and controlling feeding styles may improve children’s dietary behaviour, while ‘instrumental feeding’ may have a detrimental effect. Furthermore, maternal educational level and children’s ethnicity influence these associations. The study’s findings could provide a basis for development of interventions to improve parental feeding styles.
Different Mutations of Gap Junction Connexin 47 Lead to Discrepant Activation of Unfolded Protein Response Pathway in Pelizaeus–Merzbacher-Like Disease
Authors: Chen Na , Wang Jingmin , Jiang Yuwu , Wu Ye , Hao Hongjun , Ji Taoyun 
Published: July 2017

Background The unfolded protein response (UPR) includes three cascade pathways, which are responsible for the elimination of overload protein that is accumulated in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). We hypothesize that mutations in connexin 47 (Cx47) lead to abnormal retain of the protein in the ER lumen, which causes Pelizaeus–Merzbacher-like disease (PMLD), a hypomyelinating leukodystrophic disorder.
Methods In this study, the influence of mutant Cx47 on the three UPR cascade pathways and discrepant UPR activation was analyzed in an oligodendrocyte cell line transfected with different mutations in the first extracellular loop of Cx47. As over activated UPR pathway would lead to cell apoptosis, cell viability and apoptosis were also compared between the different mutants.
Results The elevated UPR level accompanied with higher apoptotic rates were measured in the c.138C > G or c.217C > T-transduced oligodendrocytes, but not in the c.216delGinsAA group, compared with the wild-type and empty vector groups. Cell viability was lower in oligodendrocytes transfected with the mutation of c.138C > G or c.217C > T, but not in the c.216delGinsAA group.
Conclusion Different mutations in the Cx47 lead to discrepant activation of UPR pathway, which encouraged apoptotic cell death at different levels. Inappropriate activation of UPR may play important roles in the pathophysiology of PMLD.
Intestinal microbiome in scleroderma: recent progress
Authors: Volkmann Elizabeth R. 
Published: July 2017

Purpose of reviewOur evolving understanding of how gut microbiota affects immune function and homeostasis has led many investigators to explore the potentially pathologic role of gut microbiota in autoimmune diseases. This review will discuss the rapidly advancing field of microbiome research in systemic sclerosis (SSc), an incurable autoimmune disease with significant gastrointestinal morbidity and mortality.Recent findingsRecent reports have identified common perturbations in gut microbiota across different SSc cohorts. Compared with healthy controls, patients with SSc have decreased abundance of beneficial commensal genera (e.g.Faecalibacterium,ClostridiumandBacteroides)and increased abundance of pathbiont genera (e.g.Fusobacterium,PrevotellaandErwinia). Certain genera may protect against (e.g.Bacteroides, Clostridium,andLactobacillus), or conversely exacerbate (e.g.FusobacteriumandPrevotella) gastrointestinal symptoms in SSc. These genera represent potential targets to avert or treat gastrointestinal dysfunction in SSc.SummaryEmerging evidence suggests that alterations in gut microbiota exist in the SSc disease state; however, future basic and clinical studies are needed to ascertain the mechanism by which these alterations perpetuate inflammation and fibrosis in SSc. Therapeutic trials are also needed to investigate whether dietary interventions or fecal transplantation can restore the gut microbial balance and improve health outcomes in SSc.Video abstracthttp://links.lww.com/COR/A38.
The Effect of SLT Laser Application on Iris to Treat Sectorial Heterochromia: A Promising Technique
Authors: Basoglu Ayhan , Çelik Uğur 
Published: July 2017

Abstract:
The purpose of this study is to report a new and promising method for changing iris color in a sectorial heterochromia iridis patient. A 22-year-old man with a complaint of innate color disparity between his eyes presented to our clinic to seek medical advice. He underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination, including visual acuity, biomicroscopy, fundoscopy, intraocular pressure measurements, endothelial cell count, and evaluation of iridocorneal angle. The causes of acquired heterochromia were excluded. After a detailed explanation of the procedure and probable side effects, the patient underwent an application with a laser device that produces a frequency-doubled 532 nm wavelength Nd:YAG laser beam with a spot size of 400 μm (selective laser trabeculoplasty laser device). The heterochromic areas (brown) were divided into zones and a gradual treatment pattern was performed to avoid inflammation and flare. The patient showed no side effects such as increased intraocular pressure, pain, corneal edema, hypopyon formation, decrease in visual acuity, synechia, or iris defect. After two complete sessions, the color difference disappeared and a solid eye color was achieved.
MiSight Assessment Study Spain: A Comparison of Vision-Related Quality-of-Life Measures Between MiSight Contact Lenses and Single-Vision Spectacles
Authors: Pomeda Alicia Ruiz , Pérez-Sánchez Belén , Cañadas Suárez Maria del Pilar , Prieto Garrido Francisco Luis , Gutiérrez-Ortega Ramón , Villa-Collar César 
Published: July 2017

Objectives:
Recent research has shown that concentric contact lenses (CLs) can be a way to control the progression of myopia. The purpose of the current study was to compare vision-related quality-of-life measures in children wearing distance single-vision (SV) spectacles versus MiSight CLs, a specific concentric design for myopia control.

Methods:
Subjects aged 8 to 12 with myopia from −0.75 to −4.00 diopters (D) of sphere and astigmatism less than 1.00 D of cylinder were allocated to the lenses study group (MiSight) or control group (SV). A Pediatric Refractive Error Profile (PREP) questionnaire was administered at 12- and 24-month intervals to evaluate children's perceptions in overall vision, near vision, far distance vision, symptoms, appearance, satisfaction, activities, academic performance, handling, and peer perceptions. The mean score of all items was calculated as the overall score.

Results:
In total, 74 children completed the study: n=41 in the MiSight group and n=33 in the SV group. In the MiSight group, the ratings at 12 and 24 months for appearance, satisfaction, effect on activities, handling, and peer perceptions were significantly better than those given by children in the SV group (P<0.001), as was the overall score. However, near vision was significantly better in the SV group at both 12 and 24 months (P<0.001).

Conclusions:
MiSight CL wear for controlling myopia improves vision-related quality of life in children when compared with spectacle wear.
Closing the gap in cochlear implant access for African-Americans: a story of outreach and collaboration by our cochlear implant program
Authors: Sims Sheree , Houston Lisa , Schweinzger Ivy , Samy Ravi N. 
Published: July 2017

Purpose of review
Minorities often lag behind in hearing loss evaluation and treatment. Our cochlear implant program aimed to identify the socioeconomic and cultural barriers that prevented our African-American cochlear implant candidates from seeking help for their hearing loss, specifically cochlear implant surgery.

Recent findings
Our pilot study surveyed 11 African-Americans with cochlear implants and identified obstacles that included patient–physician mistrust, social stigma, financial cost, and lack of education about the devices and procedures. Our experienced cochlear implant team then addressed these issues in its weekly meetings to review cases and potential cochlear implant candidates, and we partnered with community organizations to improve awareness about cochlear implants among healthcare professionals and the public.

Summary
During our cochlear implant team's community outreach to African-Americans with hearing loss, we initiated several actions to address the various disparities in access to care and use of services: development of patient education, patient-run support group, tracking of clinical outcomes, and opportunities for involvement in health policy making for cochlear implants. Cochlear implant teams should deepen their involvement with African-Americans and other minorities with hearing loss to better support and ultimately improve cochlear implant access, performance, and function.
Genetic contribution to neurodevelopmental outcomes in congenital heart disease: are some patients predetermined to have developmental delay?
Authors: Rollins Caitlin K. , Newburger Jane W. , Roberts Amy E. 
Published: July 2017

Purpose of review
Neurodevelopmental impairment is common in children with moderate to severe congenital heart disease (CHD). As children live longer and healthier lives, research has focused on identifying causes of neurodevelopmental morbidity that significantly impact long-term quality of life. This review will address the role of genetic factors in predicting neurodevelopmental outcome in CHD.

Recent findings
A robust literature suggests that among children with various forms of CHD, those with known genetic/extracardiac anomalies are at highest risk of neurodevelopmental impairment. Advances in genetic technology have identified genetic causes of CHD in an increasing percentage of patients. Further, emerging data suggest substantial overlap between mutations in children with CHD and those that have previously been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders.

Summary
Innate and patient factors appear to be more important in predicting neurodevelopmental outcome than medical/surgical variables. Future research is needed to establish a broader understanding of the mutations that contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders and the variations in expressivity and penetrance.
What is new in managing patients with food allergy? Almost everything
Authors: Schroer Brian , Bjelac Jaclyn , Leonard Mandy 
Published: July 2017

Purpose of review
This review aims to describe current concepts in managing patients with food allergy. There have been many recent advances in the management of patients with IgE-mediated reactions to food, including diagnosis, prevention, management, and ongoing research in the field. Food allergy is increasing in prevalence and may be life threatening. This review aims to highlight changes in recommended practice when diagnosing and managing patients with food allergy.

Recent findings
Early introduction of highly allergenic foods, particularly peanut, has been shown to decrease the risk for development of food allergy in patients who are at elevated risk. Avoidance of foods without a clinical history of food allergy may increase the risk of subsequent allergy. Epinephrine remains the first line therapy for anaphylaxis, and patients and families need to be instructed on indications and technique for use. Promising research is ongoing in areas of immunotherapy to food allergens.

Summary
Food allergy is a potentially life-threatening condition that may persist throughout adulthood. Practitioners should be aware of changes to recommendations for the diagnosis, prevention, and management of patients with food allergy.
Dengue vaccines: implications for dengue control
Authors: Robinson Matthew L. , Durbin Anna P. 
Published: July 2017

Purpose of review
Dengue, the most common arbovirus, is an increasingly significant cause of morbidity worldwide. After decades of research, an approved tetravalent dengue vaccine is finally available. Models constructed using recently available vaccine efficacy data allow for a data-driven discussion of the potential impact of dengue vaccine deployment on global control.

Recent findings
Phase 3 efficacy trials demonstrated that the approved dengue vaccine, chimeric yellow fever–dengue–tetravalent dengue vaccine, has an efficacy of 60% against dengue illness of any severity. However, among dengue unexposed recipients, vaccination offers limited efficacy and may increase dengue severity. The WHO consequently recommends dengue vaccination for populations in which 70% of intended recipients are dengue seropositive. Models predict that routine childhood dengue vaccine may reduce dengue burden, but over time, population-level impact may be limited. Additional vaccine candidates in late-stage development may not suffer from the same limitations as chimeric yellow fever–dengue–tetravalent dengue vaccine.

Summary
The efficacy and safety profile of the recently approved dengue vaccine is favorable only in previously dengue exposed recipients, which limits its potential for global control. Future work must evaluate the approved vaccine's long-term durability, efficacy of other late phase vaccine candidates, and potential for vector control efforts to work synergistically with vaccine deployment.
Impact of rotavirus vaccines in low and middle-income countries
Authors: Sindhu Kulandaipalayam Natarajan Chella , Babji Sudhir , Ganesan Santhosh Kumar 
Published: July 2017

Purpose of review
Rotavirus vaccines are playing a pivotal role in improving lives of infants and young children in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Many of these countries have adopted the vaccine into their routine immunization, whereas others are considering introduction. This article provides an update on the impact of rotavirus vaccines in LMICs on morbidity and mortality in children aged less than 5 years, and their cost-effectiveness.

Recent findings
The WHO, in 2013, updated its recommendation to prioritize introduction of rotavirus vaccines in the routine immunization schedule, without age restrictions. Despite the decreased efficacy of the vaccines in LMICs, data from Sub-Saharan Africa have demonstrated a decrease in rotavirus-related morbidity, with some sites reporting an indirect protective effect on children age ineligible to receive the vaccine. Even with improvements in sanitation, nutritional status in children, and other health-related indices in LMICs, the use of rotavirus vaccines will play an important role in preventing rotavirus-related gastroenteritis. Economic models predict a reduction in economic burden because of rotavirus-related health costs, making vaccine introduction cost-effective in resource-constrained settings.

Summary
Increasing evidence from impact studies shows the significant impact of rotavirus vaccination on hospitalizations and economic burden because of rotavirus gastroenteritis in LMICs. Universal rotavirus vaccination is recommended, and introductions should be monitored by robust surveillance systems to measure effectiveness and impact.
Seeing spots: Quantifying mother-offspring similarity and assessing fitness consequences of coat pattern traits in a wild population of giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis)
Authors: Lee Derek E. , Cavener Douglas R. , Bond Monica L. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPolymorphic phenotypes of mammalian coat coloration have been important to the study of genetics and evolution, but less is known about the inheritance and fitness consequences of individual variation in complex coat pattern traits such as spots and stripes. Giraffe coat markings are highly complex and variable and it has been hypothesized that variation in coat patterns most likely affects fitness by camouflaging neonates against visually hunting predators. We quantified complex coat pattern traits of wild Masai giraffes using image analysis software, determined the similarity of spot pattern traits between mother and offspring, and assessed whether variation in spot pattern traits was related to fitness as measured by juvenile survival. The methods we described could comprise a framework for objective quantification of complex mammal coat pattern traits based on photographic coat pattern data. We demonstrated that some characteristics of giraffe coat spot shape were likely to be heritable, as measured by mother-offspring regression. We found significant variation in juvenile survival among phenotypic groups of neonates defined by multivariate clustering based on spot trait measurement variables. We also found significant variation in neonatal survival associated with spot size and shape covariates. Spot trait variation also may be relevant to other components of fitness, such as adult survival or fecundity. These findings will inform investigations into developmental and genetic architecture of complex mammal coat patterns and their adaptive value.
IW-Scoring: an Integrative Weighted Scoring framework for annotating and prioritizing genetic variations in the noncoding genome
Authors: Wang Jun , Ullah Dayem , Chelala Claude 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIW-Scoring represents a new Integrative Weighted Scoring model to annotate and prioritise functionally relevant noncoding variations. The pipeline integrates 11 popular algorithms and outperforms individual methods in three independent data sets, including variants in ClinVar database and GWAS studies, and cancer mutations. Using IW-Scoring, we located 11 recurrently mutated noncoding regions enriched for at least three functional mutations in 14 follicular lymphoma genomes, and validated 9 clusters (82%) in the International Cancer Genome Consortium cohort (n=36), including promoter and enhancer regions ofPAX5. IW-Scoring offers greater versatility to identify trait and disease associated noncoding variants.
Selection and neutral mutations drive pervasive mutability losses in long-lived B cell lineages
Authors: Costa Vieira Marcos , Zinder Daniel , Cobey Sarah 
Published: July 2017

AbstractHigh-affinity antibodies arise within weeks of infection from the evolution of B cell receptors under selection to improve antigen recognition. This rapid adaptation is enabled by the frequency and distribution of highly mutable “hotspotx” motifs in B cell receptor genes. High mutability in antigen binding regions (CDRs) creates variation in binding affinity, whereas low mutability in structurally important regions (FRs) may reduce the frequency of destabilizing mutations. During the response, the loss of mutational hotspots and changes in their distribution across CDRs and FRs are predicted to compromise the adaptability of B cell receptors, yet the contributions of different mechanisms to gains and losses of hotspots remain unclear. We reconstructed changes in anti-HIV B cell receptor sequences and show that mutability losses were about 60% more frequent than gains in both CDRs and FRs, with the higher relative mutability of CDRs maintained throughout the response. At least 34% of the mutability losses were caused by synonymous mutations. However, non-synonymous substitutions caused most of the mutability loss in CDRs. Because CDRs also show strong positive selection, this result suggests positive selection contributed to as much as 66% of the mutability loss in those regions. Although recurrent adaptation to the evolving virus could indirectly select for high mutation rates, we found no evidence of indirect selection to increase or retain hotspots. Our results suggest mutability losses are intrinsic to the neutral and adaptive evolution of B cell populations and might constrain their adaptation to rapidly evolving pathogens such as HIV and influenza.
Ecological selection of siderophore-producing microbial taxa in response to heavy metal contamination
Authors: Hesse Elze , O’Brien Siobhán , Tromas Nicolas , Bayer Florian , Lujan Adela , Veen Eleanor van , Hodgson Dave J. , Buckling Angus 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSome microbial public goods can provide both individual and community-wide benefits, and are open to exploitation by non-producing species. One such example is the production of metal-detoxifying siderophores. Here, we investigate whether heavy metals select for increased siderophore production in natural microbial communities, or whether exploitation of this detoxifying effect reduces siderophore production. We show that the proportion of siderophore-producing taxa increases along a natural heavy metal gradient. A causal link between metal contamination and siderophore production was subsequently demonstrated in a microcosm experiment in compost, in which we observed changes in community composition towards taxa that produce relatively more siderophores following copper contamination. We confirmed the selective benefit of siderophores by showing that taxa producing large amount of siderophores suffered less growth inhibition in toxic copper. Our results suggest that ecological selection will favour siderophore-mediated decontamination, with important consequences for potential remediation strategies.AuthorshipEH, SOB, AL, DJH, EvV, AB conceived and designed the experiment. DJH provided new perspectives. EH, SOB, FB, AL collected the data. EH, FB, NT, DJH carried out the data analyses. EH & AB wrote the first draft of the manuscript, and all authors contributed substantially to revisions.Data accessibility:Upon acceptance, data presented in the manuscript will be made available on Dryad.
Fast and accurate edge orientation processing during object manipulation
Authors: Pruszynski J. Andrew , Flanagan J. Randall , Johansson Roland S. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractQuickly and accurately extracting information about a touched object’s orientation is a critical aspect of dexterous object manipulation. However, the speed and acuity of tactile edge orientation processing with respect to the fingertips as reported in previous perceptual studies appear inadequate in these respects. Here we directly establish the tactile system’s capacity to process edge-orientation information during dexterous manipulation. Participants extracted tactile information about edge orientation very quickly, using it within 200 ms of first touching the object. Participants were also strikingly accurate. With edges spanning the entire fingertip, edge-orientation resolution was better than 3° in our object manipulation task, which is several times better than reported in previous perceptual studies. Performance remained impressive even with edges as short as 2 mm, consistent with our ability to precisely manipulate very small objects. Taken together, our results radically redefine the spatial processing capacity of the tactile system.