bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Korespondencja Krakowa z Toruniem w XIV–XV wieku
Authors: Starzyński Marcin , Girsztowt-Biskup Aleksandra 
Published: October 2024

Artykuł mieści edycję (wraz z komentarzem krytycznym) 26 niedrukowanych dotąd listów pisanych przez radę miasta Krakowa oraz mieszczan krakowskich do rady Starego Miasta Torunia od końca XIV do końca XV stulecia. Pozwala ona na wgląd w stosunki handlowe pomiędzy tymi ośrodkami ze znacznie bliższej prespektywy niż ta, którą wyznaczają teksty kolejnych przywilejów handlowych, omówione przez autorów we wprowadzeniu, w którym nakreślono dzieje relacji handlowych Krakowa i Torunia. Zbiór ten stanowi cenne uzupełnienie starszych edycji korespondencji władz średniowiecznego Krakowa z Bardiowem, Koszycami i Norymbergą.
Spartanie po godzinach.
Authors: Sprawski Sławomir 
Published: October 2024

Artykuł dotyczy książki Sebastiana Rajewicza Schole. Czas wolny w Sparcie epoki klasycznej (Warszawa 2022). Podjęto w niej próbę weryfikacji szeroko rozpowszechnionej opinii, że życie obywateli Sparty było skoncentrowane na przygotowaniach do wojny i wypełnianiu innych obowiązków nałożonych przez państwo. Analiza materiału źródłowego odnoszącego się do epoki klasycznej wykazała, że na codzienne obowiązkowe zajęcia Spartanie, którzy ukończyli trzydziesty roku życia, poświęcali tylko kilka godzin dziennie. Większość dnia mogli poświęcić na prywatne aktywności, które w istotny sposób nie różniły się od zajęć czasu wolnego zamożnych obywateli innych greckich poleis. W artykule przedstawiono główne tezy monografii wskazując na ich podstawę źródłową oraz konfrontując je z opiniami wyrażonymi w literaturze przedmiotu.
EVALUATION OF THE ROLE OF THE ACUTE MEDICAL REGISTRAR IN ORTHOPAEDICS
Authors: Jennings A.M. , Dalgleish S. , Baines C. 
Published: October 2024

This project hoped to evaluate a new role, encompassing an in-hours registrar physician being based on the orthopaedic wards for advice, patient reviews, and patient journey optimisation. This service aimed to provide input for all patients who required them outwith the already established ortho-geriatric service.The success of this role was assessed through feedback questionnaires, as well as through the auditing of functional indicators such as the burden on the on-call orthopaedic registrar and other departments for advice from junior doctors, plus the number of medical emergencies.The survey received a total of 42 responses from various staff roles. All respondents thought the role had improved patient care or the functioning of the department. Respondents thought the role primarily enhanced patient care and safety and led to increased support for junior doctors and nursing staff. Data showed a 44% reduction in medical emergency calls since the role began. Total calls outwith the department for medical support reduced by 100% in hours and 50% out of hours when analysed over 22 days. Over a 14 day period, calls to the on-call orthopaedic registrar also reduced by 100% in hours, with no significant difference out of hours.This role has improved patient care and safety and allowed faster medical support with reduced impact on orthopaedic and general medical services. Feedback has been very positive from all staff. The major limitation is lack of 24 hour support. Next steps will include expanding the role, as well as introduction of framework for professional development.
ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RUPTURE DISGUISED AS PATELLAR INSTABILITY: A COMMON MISS
Authors: Warren C. , Campbell N. , Wallace D. , Mahmood F. 
Published: October 2024

Patellar dislocation is a common presentation with a clear management pathway. Sometimes, however, what a patient experiences as the patella dislocating may, in fact, be ACL insufficiency.We reviewed case notes and imaging of 315 consecutive ACL reconstructions, collecting data on the date and mechanism of injury, time to MRI, and reconstruction. We noted cases initially diagnosed as patellar dislocation.25 of 315 (7.9%) patients were initially diagnosed with a patellar dislocation. Subsequently, however, MRI scans revealed no evidence of patellar dislocation and instead showed ACL rupture with pathognomonic pivot-shift bony oedema. The false patella dislocation group were 32% female and had an average age of 25; the rest of the group average age was 27.1 and there were a lower proportion of females; 21%. The false patella instability patients had a median waiting time of 412 days from injury to operation (range: 70-2445 days), compared to 392 days (range: 9 – 4212 days) for rest of the patients. 5 of the remaining 290 had MRIs showing patella oedema with medial patello-femoral ligament injury in addition to their ACL rupture.From our literature search this is a new finding which shows that ACL rupture can present with symptoms suggestive of patellar dislocation. These findings raise the risk that there are a group of people who have been diagnosed with patellar instability who instead have ACL insufficiency and so are at risk of meniscal and chondral damage. Further research should analyse those diagnosed with patellar instability to quantify missed ACL injuries.
Policy engagement as ‘empowered representation’: democratic mediation through a participatory research project on climate resilience
Authors: Piper Laurence , Black Gillian F. , Petersen Leif , Dick Liezl , Wilson Anna , Mpofu-Mketwa Tsitsi 
Published: October 2024

Background:
The article analyses the policy engagement component of a research project on climate resilience in vulnerable communities that took place in Cape Town, South Africa. Conducted in 2022, the engagement included community and stakeholder events in three research sites, and a cross-cutting policy event with municipal officials, held at the end of the project. Importantly, this policy engagement process occurred in a context of political marginalisation, that is, one characterised by low trust, and little meaningful representation or even communication between these vulnerable communities and the city.

Aims and objectives:
This article examines the impact of policy engagement on political relations between local government and vulnerable communities.

Methods:
The overall methodology of the article is qualitative, using an illustrative case-study research design to unpack the subjective experiences of both government officials and residents of vulnerable communities. Primary data included many primary documents, direct observation of the engagements and post-event interviews.

Findings:
First, the engagement process created new ‘invented’ spaces for the representation of community perspectives to the city, and the city’s perspective to the community. Second, the engagement facilitated community self-representation through educating community members to advocate for their ideas in these new invented spaces. Third, this engagement tended to be more constructive and deliberative than polarising and confrontational.

Discussion and conclusions:
Drawing on the theoretical framework of ‘political mediation’, the policy engagement process is characterised as a positive instance of democratic mediation through ‘empowered representation’, with some specified limitations.
Exploring food and physical activities between grandparents and their grandchildren. Explorando comidas y actividades físicas entre abuelos y sus nietos.
Authors: Castañeda-García Pedro Javier , Luis-Díaz Aryana , González-Rodríguez Jandir , Gutiérrez-Barroso Josué 
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Given the growing influence of grandparents on their grandchildren’s upbringing, this study analyzes two key health variables shared by these two generations: diet and physical activity. Interviews were conducted with 114 Spanish grandparents with no physical or cognitive limitations. Questions covered sociodemographic characteristics, the types of foods they serve their grandchildren, and the physical activities that they share with them. The foods were categorized by glycemic index according to whether they were more or less likely to favor overweight and obesity, and the physical activities were categorized as dynamic/sedentary and outdoor/indoor. The data were analyzed using Student’s t-test for independent samples and ANOVAS. The results showed that some of the grandparents’ sociodemographic variables—age, educational level, health status, time spent with grandchildren, and distance from their grandchildren—were significantly correlated with the types of foods served and physical activities shared. Grandchildren’s food consumption and level of physical activity can be directly influenced by their grandparents. Family interventions should take into account the fact that certain sociodemographic variables in grandparents may favor either more or less healthy dietary habits and physical behavior. Resumen. Ante la creciente influencia de los abuelos en la crianza de los nietos, en este trabajo se analiza dos variables de salud claves compartidas entre ellos: la alimentación y la actividad física. Se entrevistó a 114 abuelos españoles, sin limitaciones físicas ni cognitivas, y se les preguntó por sus características sociodemográficas, las comidas que proporcionan a sus nietos y las actividades físicas compartidas. Los alimentos correspondían a índices glucémicos que favorecen más el sobrepeso y la obesidad, y lo contrario; y las actividades físicas dinámicas y sedentarias, de exterior e interior. Los datos se analizaron con la prueba t de Student para muestras independientes y con ANOVAS. Los resultados mostraron que algunas variables sociodemográficas de los abuelos como la edad, el nivel educativo, la salud, las horas juntos y la distancia con sus nietos están relacionadas significativamente tanto con los tipos de comida como la actividad física que comparten. Como conclusión, la comida y las actividades físicas de los nietos pueden estar influidas directamente por sus abuelos. Cualquier intervención familiar debería tener en cuenta que ciertas características sociodemográficas de los abuelos podrían favorecer tanto unos tipos de conducta alimentaria y física más saludables, como todo lo contrario.
Factores Psicológicos implicados en la adherencia de personas con alto riesgo de Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2
Authors: Anarte Ortiz María Teresa , Varela Moreno Esperanza 
Published: October 2024

Introducción: Aunque la relación entre factores psicosociales y la adherencia al tratamiento en personas con Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 (DM2) ha sido estudiada, no se conocen estudios que analicen éstos factores en el marco de la aplicación de un programa preventivo para personas con alto riesgo de DM2 (ARDM2). El objetivo de este estudio es analizar si existe un perfil psicosocial diferente entre los participantes a un programa de hábitos de vida saludables con ARDM2 en función de su adherencia al mismo, para lo cual se ha realizado una evaluación psicológica exhaustiva, principal novedad que aporta el estudio. Materiales y métodos: El estudio se realizó en una muestra de 173 pacientes con prediabetes que participan en un programa preventivo en hábitos de vida saludable. Las variables psicosociales fueron evaluadas utilizando varias herramientas psicológicas: SCID-1, BDI-II, STAI, COPE, DQOL, MOS-SSS y Apgar. Resultados: El 86,1% de la muestra siguió las recomendaciones de dieta o ejercicio y se clasificaron como adherentes, mientras que el 13,9% no siguieron ninguna y fueron clasificados como no adherentes. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en sintomatología depresiva, ansiedad-estado, calidad de vida y estrategias de afrontamiento entre los dos grupos (adherentes / no adherentes). No se encontraron diferencias significativas en el apoyo social/familiar percibido. Discusión: Estos resultados proporcionan la primera evidencia empírica sobre la utilización de una amplia batería de instrumentos de evaluación psicológica aplicados en un programa preventivo para personas con ARDM2 obteniéndose perfiles diferentes en función de su adherencia al mismo.
Evidencias de Validez de la versión Argentina del Cuestionario de Salud del Paciente -9 (CSP-9).
Authors: Matrángolo Gisela Maricel , Azzollini Susana , Simkin Hugo 
Published: October 2024

El objetivo del presente trabajo es presentar las evidencias de Validez del Patient Health Questionnaire- 9 (PQH.9) para adultos argentinos. El pqh-9 cuenta con 9 items que permiten evaluar sintomatología de Trastorno Depresivo Mayor. En el contexto local, la PQH-9 muestra propiedades psicométricas adecuadas: Indicadores de confiabilidad ω .835 y α .857 y apropiados índices de ajuste, RMSEA: .053, CFI .99. Así también se evaluó la validez externa. presentando un r: .49 y .63 en las distintas dimensiones, del Cuestionario Internacional de Trauma (CTI) que evalua Trastorno de Estrés Postraumático y Estrés Postraumático complejo. Estos resultados proporcionarían indicios de validez externa. Se concluye que la PQH-9 presenta propiedades psicométricas adecuadas para su uso en población argentina.
Machine learning-based risk prediction for major adverse cardiovascular events in a Brazilian hospital: Development, external validation, and interpretability
Authors: Shimizu Gilson Yuuji , Schrempf Michael , Romão Elen Almeida , Jauk Stefanie , Kramer Diether , Rainer Peter P. , Cardeal da Costa José Abrão , de Azevedo-Marques João Mazzoncini , Scarpelini Sandro , Suzuki Katia Mitiko Firmino , César Hilton Vicente , de Azevedo-Marques Paulo Mazzoncini 
Published: October 2024

Background
Studies of cardiovascular disease risk prediction by machine learning algorithms often do not assess their ability to generalize to other populations and few of them include an analysis of the interpretability of individual predictions. This manuscript addresses the development and validation, both internal and external, of predictive models for the assessment of risks of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Global and local interpretability analyses of predictions were conducted towards improving MACE’s model reliability and tailoring preventive interventions.

Methods
The models were trained and validated on a retrospective cohort with the use of data from Ribeirão Preto Medical School (RPMS), University of São Paulo, Brazil. Data from Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC), USA, were used for external validation. A balanced sample of 6,000 MACE cases and 6,000 non-MACE cases from RPMS was created for training and internal validation and an additional one of 8,000 MACE cases and 8,000 non-MACE cases from BIDMC was employed for external validation. Eight machine learning algorithms, namely Penalized Logistic Regression, Random Forest, XGBoost, Decision Tree, Support Vector Machine, k-Nearest Neighbors, Naive Bayes, and Multi-Layer Perceptron were trained to predict a 5-year risk of major adverse cardiovascular events and their predictive performance was evaluated regarding accuracy, ROC curve (receiver operating characteristic), and AUC (area under the ROC curve). LIME and Shapley values were applied towards insights about model interpretability.

Findings
Random Forest showed the best predictive performance in both internal validation (AUC = 0.871 (0.859–0.882); Accuracy = 0.794 (0.782–0.808)) and external one (AUC = 0.786 (0.778–0.792); Accuracy = 0.710 (0.704–0.717)). Compared to LIME, Shapley values suggest more consistent explanations on exploratory analysis and importance of features.

Conclusions
Among the machine learning algorithms evaluated, Random Forest showed the best generalization ability, both internally and externally. Shapley values for local interpretability were more informative than LIME ones, which is in line with our exploratory analysis and global interpretation of the final model. Machine learning algorithms with good generalization and accompanied by interpretability analyses are recommended for assessments of individual risks of cardiovascular diseases and development of personalized preventive actions.
A qualitative exploration of policy interventions to improve the health-related quality of life of people living with HIV AIDS and co-morbidities of hypertension and/or diabetes in Ghana
Authors: Owusu Richmond , Bawua Serwaa Akoto , Kwarteng Emmanuel Bugyei , Baatiema Leonard , Nonvignon Justice 
Published: October 2024

Introduction
The intersection of infectious diseases, such as HIV, with chronic conditions like hypertension and diabetes poses a significant challenge in global health. While advancements in antiretroviral therapy have transformed HIV into a manageable chronic condition, a growing number of individuals with HIV now grapple with coexisting non-communicable diseases, impacting their Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL). Despite strides in HIV care, there is a notable policy gap that undermines efforts to address HIV-associated co-morbidities, particularly hypertension and diabetes, especially efforts to improve access, early detection, and ultimately HRQoL for individuals with HIV and co-morbidities. This study seeks to explore policy interventions aimed at improving the quality of life of HIV patients with hypertension or diabetes.

Methods
The study utilized a qualitative descriptive design to explore the experiences and perspectives of healthcare professionals and support staff regarding policy interventions for managing HIV patients with hypertension and/or diabetes co-morbidities in three regions of Ghana. The research was conducted in the Upper West, Ashanti, and Greater Accra regions among 11 participants, chosen purposively from professions involved in HIV patient care to understand their views on the implementation of policy interventions to HRQoL for individuals with HIV and co-morbidities. In-depth interviews were conducted face-to-face and tape-recorded. Thematic analysis approach was used to analyze the data.

Results
The study involved 11 participants from three regions with varied years of experience. Implemented policies that potentially improve the HRQoL for individuals with HIV and co-morbidities involve support groups, home visits, provision of free drugs, and counselling. Barriers to policy implementation included non-adherence to medication, stigma, cost of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) medications, accessibility issues to NCDs services, lack of interest or understanding among implementers, and high staff turnover. Facilitators encompassed in-service training, guidelines in common platforms, knowledge sharing, external resources, regular check-ups, and motivational packages for patients.

Conclusion
Individuals with HIV and comorbidities face complex challenges impacting their HRQoL, including emotional and financial dimensions. The study identifies critical policies and barriers, underscoring the need for tailored, patient-centered approaches. Facilitators like in-service training and regular check-ups offer actionable insights for effective policy implementation, emphasizing improved health outcomes for those with comorbid conditions. The study recommends integrated care approach and adherence support programs that address the unique challenges faced by people living with HIV.
Psychosocial and pandemic-related circumstances of suicide deaths in 2020: Evidence from the National Violent Death Reporting System
Authors: Mezuk Briana , Kalesnikava Viktoryia , Ananthasubramaniam Aparna , Lane Annalise , Rodriguez-Putnam Alejandro , Johns Lily , Bagge Courtney , Burgard Sarah , Zivin Kara 
Published: October 2024

Purpose
To describe and explore variation in ‘pandemic-related circumstances’ among suicide decedents during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
We identified pandemic-related circumstances using decedents’ text narratives in the 2020 National Violent Death Reporting System. We use time-series analysis to compare other psychosocial characteristics (e.g., mental health history, interpersonal difficulties, financial strain) of decedents pre-pandemic (2017/2018: n = 56,968 suicide and n = 7,551 undetermined deaths) to those in 2020 (n = 31,887 suicide and n = 4,100 undetermined). We characterize common themes in the narratives with pandemic-related circumstances using topic modeling, and explore variation in topics by age and other psychosocial circumstances.

Results
In 2020, n = 2,502 (6.98%) narratives described pandemic-related circumstances. Compared to other deaths in 2020 and to the pre-pandemic period, decedents with pandemic-related circumstances were older and more highly educated. Common themes of pandemic-related circumstances narratives included: concerns about shutdown restrictions, financial losses, and infection risk. Relative to decedents of the same age that did not have pandemic-related circumstances in 2020, those with pandemic-related circumstances were more likely to also have financial (e.g., for 25–44 years, 43% vs. 12%) and mental health (76% vs. 66%) psychosocial circumstances, but had similar or lower prevalence of substance abuse (47% vs. 49%) and interpersonal (40% vs. 42%) circumstances.

Conclusions
While descriptive, these findings help contextualize suicide mortality during the acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic and can inform mental health promotion efforts during similar public health emergencies.
Evaluating diagnostic accuracy and agreement of TI-RADS scoring in thyroid nodules: A comparative analysis between sonographers and radiologists
Authors: Alfuraih Abdulrahman M. , Alotaibi Abdullah M. , Alshammari Alanoud K. , Alrashied Basmah F. , Mashhor Yahya M. , Mahmoud Mustafa , Alsaadi Mohammed J. 
Published: October 2024

Objective
The Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS) is an essential tool for assessing thyroid nodules, primarily used by radiologists. This study aimed to compare the agreement of TI-RADS scores between sonographers and radiologists and to assess the diagnostic performance of these scores against histological findings in suspicious thyroid nodules.

Methods
In a retrospective analysis, 168 patients with suspicious thyroid nodules classified as TR3 and above by the radiologists were included. Both sonographers and radiologists independently assigned the American College of Radiologists (ACR) TI-RADS scores, which were then compared for inter-reader agreement using Cohen’s Kappa statistic. The scores were also evaluated for diagnostic performance against histological results based on the Bethesda system.

Results
The study revealed a moderate overall agreement between sonographers and radiologists in TI-RADS scoring (κ = 0.504; 95% CI: 0.409–0.599), with poor agreement noted specifically for nodule margin scores (κ = 0.102; 95% CI: -1.430–0.301). In terms of diagnostic performance against histological outcomes, sonographers’ TI-RADS scores showed a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 44.6%, while radiologists’ scores showed a sensitivity of 100% but a lower specificity of 29.3%.

Conclusion
The findings indicate moderate agreement in TI-RADS scoring between sonographers and radiologists, with reproducibility challenges especially in scoring nodule margins. The marginally superior diagnostic performance of sonographers’ scores suggests potential efficiency benefits in involving sonographers in preliminary assessments. Future research should aim to encompass a wider range of TI-RADS categories and focus on minimizing scoring variability to enhance the system’s clinical utility.