bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unauthorised adaptation of computer programmes - is criminalisation a solution? Haupt T/A Softcopy v Brewers Marketing Intelligence (Pty) Ltd 2006 4 SA 458 (SCA)
Authors: Muswaka Linda 
Published: June 2017

In Haupt t/a Softcopy v Brewers Marketing Intelligence (Pty) Ltd 2006 4 SA 458 (SCA) Haupt sought to enforce a copyright claim in the Data Explorer computer programme against Brewers Marketing Intelligence (Pty) Ltd. His claim was dismissed in the High Court and he appealed to the Supreme Court of Appeal. The Court held that copyright in the Data Explorer programme vested in Haupt. Haupt acquired copyright in the Data Explorer programme regardless of the fact that the programme was as a result of an unauthorised adaptation of the Project AMPS programme which belonged to Brewers Marketing Intelligence (Pty) Ltd. This case note inter alia analyses the possibility of an author being sued for infringement even though he has acquired copyright in a work that he created by making unauthorised adaptations to another's copyright material. Furthermore, it examines whether or not the law adequately protects copyright owners in situations where infringement takes the form of unauthorised adaptations of computer programmes. It is argued that the protection afforded by the Copyright Act 98 of 1978 (Copyright Act) in terms of section 27(1) to copyright owners of computer programmes is narrowly defined. It excludes from its ambit of criminal liability the act of making unauthorised adaptation of computer programmes. The issue that is considered is therefore whether or not the unauthorised adaptation of computer programmes should attract a criminal sanction. In addressing this issue and with the aim of making recommendations, the legal position in the United Kingdom (UK) is analysed. From the analysis it is recommended that the Copyright Act be amended by the insertion of a new section, section 27(1)(A), which will make the act of making an unauthorised adaptation of a computer programme an offence. This recommended section will close the gap that currently exists in our law with regard to unauthorised adaptations of computer programmes.
Luise Ey e A Portuguese conversation-Grammar de 1912: uma abordagem prática ao ensino do português como língua segunda
Authors: Lopes Ângela Filipe 
Published: June 2017

RESUMO:
Luise Ey publicou inúmeras gramáticas de teor prático dirigidas a aprendentes adultos de português como L2 no início do séc. XX na Alemanha. Herdeira da tradição humboldtiana e do movimento reformista no ensino de línguas na Europa do séc. XIX, esta autora, residente no Porto, Portugal, por vários anos, surge como uma interveniente importante no processo de ensino do português L2 da época por preconizar uma abordagem prática ao ensino e ao uso da língua, evidenciando para isso o papel da fonética na sua Portuguese Conversation-Grammar de 1912.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: historiografia gramatical; Luise Ey; ensino de português L2; reforma do ensino de línguas no séc XX
Dakwah Ulama Tentang Zakat Pertanian Di Kecamatan Anjir Pasar Kabupaten Barito Kuala.
Authors: Rina Rina , Syuhada Syuhada 
Published: June 2017

Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah; Untuk mengetahui pandangan ulama tentang zakat pertanian, materi, Metode yang disampaikan dan digunakan oleh ulama pada masyarakat Kecamatan Anjir Pasar Kabupaten Barito Kuala. Dakwah Ulama tentang Zakat Pertanian di Kecamatan Anjir Pasar Kabupaten Barito Kuala, adalah ; Para ulama sepakat bahwa zakat pertanian, khususnya padi, hukumnya adalah wajib. Tetapi mereka berbeda pendapat tentang jumlah belik padi yang wajib dizakati. Sebagian berpendapat apabila padi sudah sampai 100 belik maka wajib dizakati. Yang lainnya berpendapat kalau padi sudah sampai 85 belik maka wajib dizakati. Kemudian ada juga yang berpendapat bahwa kalau padi sudah sampai 84 belik baru wajib dizakati. Namun mereka semua berpendapat bahwa jumlah zakat yang dikeluarkan adalah 10 %. Materi Dakwah yang disampaikan para Ulama di Kecamatan Anjir Pasar tentang zakat pertanian tidak terlepas dari hukum-hukumnya serta bagian-bagiannya, seperti takaran wajib pemberian zakat ataupun orang-orang yang berhak menerima zakat tersebut. Terkait materi tersebut, kemudian beberapa ulama juga menjelaskan bahwa selain menyampaikan materi terkait zakat pertanian, mereka juga menyampaikan materi-materi yang lain, seperti kewajiban sholat dan lain-lain. Metode dakwah para Ulama dalam penyampaian materi tentang zakat pertanian tersebut biasanya dilaksanakaan oleh para ulama dengan dua metode yang digunakan yaitu metode dakwah bil lisan dan dakwah bil Hikmah. Dakwah bil lisan seperti ceramah mingguan ataupun bulanan biasanya dilakukan oleh Ulama dalam kesempatan tertentu seperti pengajian rutin, majelis ta’lim maupun undangan-undangan acara di masyarakat. Selain itu dalam acara-acara besar tentu juga diisi dengan ceramah-ceramah agama. Dalam kesempatan lain juga disampaikan materi dakwah dengan metode bil lisan seperti dalam Khutbah Jum’at.
Relasi Agama dan Budaya
Authors: Aziza Aulia 
Published: June 2017

Analyze religion and culture in the sociological construction is indeed an interesting thing to do, especially when it is associated with structural and cultural dynamics of transitional community towards a modern informative society. Therefore this article attempts to provide an overview of how sociology interpret religious relations in subjective and objective reality in human life. Menganalis agama dan kebudayaan dalam konstruksi sosiologis memang merupakan sesuatu yang menarik dilakukan, apalagi ketika itu terkait dengan dinamika structural dan kutural pada masyarakat yang sedang mengalami transisi budaya menuju masyarakat modern informative. Untuk itu tulisan ini mencoba untuk memberikan sedikat gambaran bagaimana sosiologi menafsir hubungan agama dalam realitas objektif dan subjektif di kehidupan manusia.
Unrepresented and ethical value in contemporary esthetical paradigms
Authors: Alp Kafiye Ozlem 
Published: June 2017

It is not a new question whether art is an ontological field or an ethic value field. But when this question is asked, it is understood that it is closely related with several parameters such as what art and artist do and do not represent, ethics and readability of representation. Especially, whole art history made art works, artists and style of eras dependable on how to read what they represent and/or represented. All this representation character in some instance requires the implemented relation of art with reality and meaning to be dealt with both formal and ethic value. In this study, modern esthetics which is purely ontological and autonomous field with elitist behavior is criticized; an essay containing contemporary discussions is done on new paradigms and their representation formats which developed a new esthetics on what they do not represent through ethical value within the frame of historic dynamics.
Keywords: Contemporary Esthetics, Ethical Value, Unrepresented
A study on graduate level education in architecture: Case of Turkey
Authors: Asak Ilayda 
Published: June 2017

Today, there are 41 universities offering graduate education programs in architecture. Those programs cover a number of different topics including architectural conservation and restoration, architectural restoration, architectural design, informatics in architectural design, architectural planning and design, architecture history, architectural history and theory, architecture and built environment, digital design in architecture and production. The council of higher education presents that 2978 master theses submitted and approved by Council of higher education. In this study, the master theses submitted to the graduate programs have been investigated. Matrix has been developed regarding o the sex, language, topics, universities. The types of graduate school are natural science and social science. The results of the study show that the number of female students is higher than the male students. The number of theses in Turkish is increasing. The increasing number of theses investigating build technology builds physics and building and construction and computational design is of importance. It is possible to determine that the current and popular topics of Turkish graduate programs in Architecture are in parallel with the prevailing agenda of World architecture.
Key Words: theses in architecture, graduate level education, architectural education.
Effect of Non‐Surgical Periodontal Therapy Along With Myo‐Inositol on High‐Sensitivity C‐Reactive Protein and Insulin Resistance in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Chronic Periodontitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Deepti  , Tewari Shikha , Narula Satish Chander , Singhal Savita Rani , Sharma Rajinder Kumar 
Published: June 2017

Background: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of non‐surgical periodontal therapy and medical treatment on the level of a serologic marker of inflammation (high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein [hsCRP]) and insulin resistance (homeostatic model assessment [HOMA]) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and chronic periodontitis (CP).Methods: Women with PCOS and CP (n = 60) were randomly divided into two groups. The test group was treated with scaling and root planing (SRP) and myo‐inositol (MI). The control group was treated with MI and given oral hygiene instructions. Anthropometric, metabolic, and periodontal parameters were assessed at baseline and re‐evaluated at 3 and 6 months. All parameters of both groups at 6 months were compared with 25 systemically and periodontally healthy females (group A).Results: Periodontal parameters were significantly improved in the test group compared with the control group at 3‐ and 6‐month follow‐up (P <0.001). A statistically significant reduction was observed in hsCRP and HOMA in both groups at 3‐ and 6‐month follow‐up (P <0.05). However, significantly more improvement in hsCRP (P <0.05) and a statistically comparable reduction in HOMA (P >0.05) was observed in the test group compared with the control group at 3 and 6 months. Both the test and control group showed significant consistent improvement in metabolic parameters at 3‐ and 6‐month follow‐up, which was further comparable to group A.Conclusion: SRP together with medical treatment results in a greater reduction of systemic inflammatory burden compared with medical treatment alone in management of women with PCOS and CP.
Cultura de Paz: Una Construcción educativa aporte teórico
Authors: Hernandez Arteaga Isabel , Luna Hernández Jose Alberto , Cadena Chala Martha Cecilia 
Published: June 2017

Este artículo de revisión resultado de investigación en el tema, posibilitó un rastreo teórico sobre la relación existente entre la construcción de una cultura de paz y la transformación de la educación en un mundo inseguro e incierto. Objetivo: indagar tendencias conceptuales sobre paz, cultura de paz, construcción de cultura de paz, frente a la responsabilidad de la educación en la construcción de una cultura de paz. Metodología: Orientada por el enfoque hermenéutico y la investigación interpretativa se realizó una revisión documental bibliográfica de 64 textos, entre artículos, libros y documentos, cuyos objetivos buscan construcción de cultura de paz, metodología que requirió la elaboración de fichas de revisión y matrices de triangulación que permitieron la interpretación de la información. Resultados: se asume la complejidad del concepto de paz, que pasa por la paz negativa, la paz positiva y la paz neutral; se reconoce que en la cultura de paz los conflictos se constituyen en motores de desarrollo. La educación en y para el conflicto, se entiende desde la perspectiva como instrumento de cambio social y oportunidad para aprender a construir relaciones; formando personas y ciudadanos dentro de un clima de respeto y dignidad para lograr la paz. Por consiguiente, la educación ha de ser protagonista en la construcción de la cultura de paz desde la formación en valores en escenarios de desarrollo sostenible. Conclusión: La construcción de cultura de paz es desde la educación con sentido humano, formación en valores y desarrollo de pensamiento crítico en busca de justicia social.
Carta a los Lectores
Authors: Acevedo Tarazona Alvaro 
Published: June 2017

La revista de Historia de la Educación Latinoamericana que usted tiene en sus manos corresponde a la edición número veintiocho. En esta oportunidad se invitó a investigadores a presentar investigaciones, análisis y revisiones sobre los movimientos universitarios de finales del siglo XX y lo que va transcurrido del siglo XXI.Este número se encuentra divido en tres partes. La primera presenta artículos referentes a la problemática de los movimientos estudiantiles y su dinámica frente a la lógica neoliberal. Los textos de este apartado analizan cómo las nuevas modalidades de capitalización del sí-mismo modifican las acciones colectivas por medio de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación.
KEEFEKTIFAN Beauveria bassiana DAN PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR TERHADAP Nilaparvata lugens
Authors: Rizal Dr. Molide , Wahyono Tri Eko , Sukmana Cucu 
Published: June 2017

<p class="IsiabstrakIndonesia">Wereng batang cokelat adalah hama utama pada tanaman padi yang dapat menyebabkan gagal panen. Pengendalian wereng batang cokelat (WBC) masih ditekankan pada penggunaan varietas tahan dan insektisida. Perlu upaya alternatif menggunakan cara pengendalian yang lebih ramah lingkungan, diantaranya agens hayati, seperti cendawan entomopatogen <em>Beauveria bassiana</em> dan pupuk organik cair (POC). Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui keefektifan campuran cendawan entomopatogen <em>B. bassiana</em> dan POC terhadap hama WBC. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium dan Rumah Kasa Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat (Balittro) Bogor sejak Juli sampai September 2015. Penelitian terdiri atas dua kegiatan. Kegiatan pertama adalah percobaan kompatibilitas yang dirancang secara Acak Lengkap (RAL), empat perlakuan dan diulang lima kali. Perlakuan yang diuji adalah tiga konsentrasi larutan POC (5, 10 dan 20 ml.l<sup>-1</sup>), dan air sebagai kontrol. Pengujian dilakukan terhadap pertumbuhan cendawan <em>B. bassiana</em> pada medium yang mengandung POC. Kegiatan kedua adalah pengujian keefektifan cendawan <em>B bassiana </em>untuk mengontrol WBC di rumah kasa, dirancang menggunakan RAL, lima perlakuan dan diulang lima kali. Perlakuan yang diuji adalah <em>B. bassiana </em>(kerapatan spora 10<sup>8 </sup>ml<sup>-1</sup>)<em>; </em><em>B. bassiana</em> + POC (10 ml.l<sup>-1</sup>); minyak seraiwangi (5 ml.l<sup>-1</sup>) dan minyak cengkeh (5 ml.l<sup>-1</sup>) sebagai pembanding, serta air (kontrol). Aplikasi dilakukan dengan cara menyemprotkan larutan perlakuan dengan konsentrasi 5 ml.l<sup>-1</sup> pada nimfa instar 2 WBC yang diinfestasikan pada tanaman padi dalam polibag. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa POC menghambat 46,64% pertumbuhan <em>B. bassiana</em> secara <em>in vitro</em>. Namun, keefektifan<em> </em>campuran <em>B. bassiana</em> + POC sama baiknya dengan <em>B. bassiana </em>secara tunggal. Hal ini menunjukkan POC dapat diaplikasikan berselang-seling dengan <em>B. bassiana</em> untuk mengendalikan WBC pada padi.</p>
Development of WEP-COR model to simulate land surface water and energy budgets in a cold region
Authors: Li Jia , Zhou Zuhao , Wang Hao , Liu Jiajia , Jia Yangwen , Hu Peng , Xu Chong-Yu 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The Water and Energy transfer Processes in Cold Regions (WEP-COR) model is an improved version of the Water and Energy transfer Processes in Large basins (WEP-L) model that integrates a multi-layer frozen soil model to simulate the hydrological processes in cold regions and the heat fluxes at different depths of frozen soil. The temperature, water content, freezing depth of the soil, and daily discharge were simulated and compared with observations. The simulated and observed data were used to analyze the runoff flow components. The results showed that the WEP-COR model can effectively simulate the distributions of the soil temperature and water content. The average root mean squared errors of the temperature, unfrozen water content, total water content, and freezing depth of the soil were 1.21 °C, 0.035 cm3/cm3, 0.034 cm3/cm3, and 17.6 cm, respectively. The mean Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency and relative error of the daily discharge were 0.64 and 6.58%, respectively. Compared with the WEP-L model, the WEP-COR model simulated the discharge with higher accuracy, especially during the soil thawing period. This improvement was mainly due to the addition of the frozen soil mechanism. The WEP-COR model can provide support for agricultural and water resources management in cold regions.
Solutions for groundwater flow with sloping stream boundary: analytical, numerical and experimental models
Authors: Boyraz Uğur , Kazezyılmaz-Alhan Cevza Melek 
Published: June 2017

AbstractProtecting groundwater resources plays an important role in watershed management. For this purpose, studies on groundwater flow dynamics incorporating surface water–groundwater interactions have been conducted including analytical, numerical, and experimental models. In this research, a stream–aquifer system was considered to understand the physical behavior of surface water–groundwater interactions. Interactions in a stream–aquifer system were incorporated into the mathematical modeling by defining the stream head as a boundary condition for the groundwater flow equation. This boundary was chosen as a sloping stream boundary, which is an approach in representing the natural conditions of the stream and may be used to define continuous interactions between stream and aquifer. A semi-analytical solution for transient 2D groundwater flow was developed for the considered problem. Isotropic, homogeneous, and finite aquifer assumptions were made in order to define the aquifer characteristics. Then, a series of laboratory experiments was conducted to simulate this stream–aquifer system. Finally, a numerical model was developed by using Visual MODFLOW to verify analytical and experimental results. Numerical results matched with both analytical solutions and the experimental observations.
The Effects of PCAOB Inspections on Auditor-Client Relationships
Authors: Acito Andrew A. , Hogan Chris E. , Mergenthaler Richard D. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT
We investigate whether PCAOB-identified audit deficiencies lead to higher audit fees or turnover likelihood for clients of Big 4 auditors. To examine this, we identify areas of GAAP related to PCAOB deficiencies for each auditor. We then use textual analysis to identify how important the deficiencies are to clients to measure each client's exposure to deficient auditing. We find that this measure positively relates to audit fees and that this association is moderated by client bargaining power. Auditor turnover is also higher when deficiency exposure is high relative to what it would be for peer auditors, but we only observe this relation for smaller clients and do not find it is affected by client bargaining power. Finally, we find that companies switching Big 4 auditors tend to select an auditor resulting in lower deficiency exposure. These results have implications for understanding how PCAOB inspection reports affect the market for audit services.
JEL Classifications: M41; M42.
Data Availability: We obtain all data from publicly available sources.
Stakeholder Conflicts and Cash Flow Shocks: Evidence from Changes in ERISA Pension Funding Rules
Authors: Dambra Michael J. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT
In 2012, Congress passed Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century (MAP-21), which changed the ERISA pension funding rules such that mandatory pension contributions decreased. Advocates for the bill argued that reducing mandatory contributions would increase firms' investment. In contrast, I do not find an average increase in investment among the firms benefiting from MAP-21. Rather, I find that firms either hold pension funding relief on their balance sheets as liquid assets or pay out pension funding relief to shareholders. To the extent that managers increase investment in response to MAP-21, it is concentrated in firms with weak governance or ineffective internal controls.
Beyond Diversity: A Tale of Faultlines and Frictions in the Board of Directors
Authors: Van Peteghem Mathijs , Bruynseels Liesbeth , Gaeremynck Ann 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT
Various regulatory governance initiatives have strived for board diversity, as diversity stimulates creativity, encourages discussion, and enlarges the board's knowledge base. However, increased diversity results in superior decision-making only when the board is free from conflicts and acts as a cohesive group. In this paper, we extend existing corporate governance research by introducing faultline theory to the board of directors (Lau and Murnighan 1998). The idea is to show how a board's diversity structure can give rise to the formation of subgroups along faultlines. The resulting subgroup formation may, in turn, reduce board effectiveness. Using a sample of U.S.-listed firms between 2008 and 2012, results suggest that boards with strong faultlines are associated with lower firm performance, lower CEO turnover-performance sensitivity, and higher abnormal CEO compensation. Understanding potential unintended consequences of board diversity could be of interest to regulators and companies that plan to appoint new directors to the board.
JEL Classifications: G30; G38; D70; M41.
The Impact of the Auditor Selection Process and Audit Committee Appointment Power on Investment Recommendations
Authors: Gold Anna , Klynsmit Patrick , Wallage Philip , Wright Arnold M. 
Published: June 2017

SUMMARY
After the global 2007–2008 financial crisis, regulatory bodies proposed alternative auditor selection processes to enhance auditor independence such as mandatory audit firm rotation or mandatory tendering (i.e., rotation that allows for the current auditor to be reappointed). However, these alternative selection processes may not be effective if management has substantial influence over auditor appointment decisions. We posit that disclosures of high appointment power of the audit committee will enhance the perceived effectiveness of rotation and tendering, and thus increase investment recommendations. In an experimental study involving 118 experienced investment professionals, we examine the impact of the auditor selection process (mandatory rotation, mandatory tendering, and voluntary selection) and the appointment power of the audit committee (high, low) on investment recommendations. We find that audit committee appointment power affects investment recommendations only when a possible auditor change is anticipated (i.e., in the case of rotation and tendering), but not when the auditor selection is voluntary. Further, rotation and tendering lead to a higher recommended investment likelihood than voluntary selection, but only when an audit committee has high appointment power. In all, the findings underscore that investors do not view auditor selection processes in isolation of a company's internal corporate governance mechanisms.
JEL Classifications: M42; M48; G11.