bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repetitive harvesting of Macrocystis pyrifera (Phaeophyceae) and its effects on chemical constituents of economic value
Authors: Borras-Chavez Renato , Edwards Matthew S. , Arvizu-Higuera Dora Luz , Rodríguez-Montesinos Yoloxochitl Elizabeth , Hernández-Carmona Gustavo , Briceño-Domínguez Diego 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Kelp harvesting has increased globally in recent decades and is expected to continue rising as the demand for kelp-derived products for use in aquaculture and industrial applications increases. In response, numerous studies have examined how harvesting impacts kelp populations and their associated communities, but the effects of repeated harvesting of the same individuals on the chemical properties for which they are extracted remain poorly understood. This knowledge gap may be especially crucial in areas where the same kelps are necessarily harvested multiple times per year due to their overall low abundance. To address this, we examined how repetitive harvesting of the same individuals of giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera, over a 3-month period influences tissue chemical properties (i.e. alginate yield, viscosity and strength, nutritional quality, such as protein, carbohydrate, lipid, crude fiber, ash and energy content, and tissue carbon/nitrogen ratios). Our results indicate that, while these properties vary over time, presumably due to variability in oceanographic conditions, repetitive harvesting of the same individuals does not significantly impact these properties.
Lignin reinforcement of urea-crosslinked starch films for reduction of starch biodegradability to improve slow nitrogen release properties under natural aerobic soil condition
Authors: Majeed Zahid , Mansor Nurlidia , Man Zakaria , Wahid Samsuri Abd 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe urea-crosslinked starch (UcS) film has a major drawback of very rapid biodegradability when applied as slow release fertilizer in soil. Lignin reinforcement of the UcS was used to prepare composite films, aimed to reduce the starch biodegradability and slow the release of nitrogen in aerobic soil condition. Study results revealed that mineralization of the composite films was delayed from 6.40 to 13.58% more than UcS film. Inhibition of composite films mixing with soil, the Michaelis-Menten reaction rates for α-amylase were inhibited ~1.72–2.03 times whereas the Michaelis-Menten reaction rates for manganese peroxidase were increased ~1.07–1.41 times compared to UcS film. Saccharides–glucose, maltose and maltotriose demonstrated that their rates of formation (zero-order reaction) and depletion (first-order reaction); both were slowed more in aerobic soil which received the composite films. Increasing of lignin in composite films, the acid to aldehyde ratios of vanillyl and syringyl phenols of the lignin declined from 1.18 to 1.17 (~0.76%) and 1.59–1.56 (~1.78%), respectively. The diffusivity of nitrogen was effectively slowed 0.66–0.94 times by the lignin in composite films and showed a “Fickian diffusion” mechanism (release exponent n=0.095–0.143).
Sulfated metal oxides: eco-friendly green catalysts for esterification of nonanoic acid with methanol
Authors: Kaur Kamalpreet , Jain Pranjal , Sobti Amit , Toor Amrit Pal 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Considering the need of applicability of green chemistry in research, a series of heterogeneous catalysts, viz., sulfated iron oxide, zirconia supported tungstophosphoric acid and sulfated zirconia have been synthesized by a solvent-free method. The prepared catalysts were used in the esterification of nonanoic acid with methanol and were compared with ion exchange resins for the assessment of their catalytic performance. Sulfated iron oxide was found to be best with an acid conversion of 83%, which is quite comparable with Amberlyst 15 and Dowex50Wx2. The high catalyst loading, cost, low thermal stability, and long reaction time make ion exchange resins uneconomical to use over other alternatives that result in same efficiency with low cost. Sulfated iron oxide was further optimized for its preparation conditions for high catalytic performance in the esterification reaction. The catalysts were characterized for their crystallinity, surface morphology, composition, weight loss, and structure by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The evaluated catalysts were compared on the basis of their preparation time, catalytic performance, catalyst loading, reaction time, and overall cost.
Modeling Superionic Behavior of Plutonium Dioxide
Authors: Günay S.D. , Akgenç B. , Taşseven Ç. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe Bredig transition to the superionic phase indicated with the $$\lambda $$-peak in $${C_p}$$ was highly expected for plutonium dioxide ($${\rm{Pu}}{{\rm{O}}_2}$$) as other actinide dioxides. However, least-square fit and local smoothing techniques applied to the experimental enthalpy data of PuO2 in 1980s could not detect a $$\lambda $$-peak in specific heat that might be due to too scattered and insufficient experimental data. Therefore, this issue has not been yet put beyond the doubts. In the current article, a superionic model of $${\rm{Pu}}{{\rm{O}}_2}$$ is developed with partially ionic model of a rigid ion potential. Thermophysical properties were calculated in constant pressure–temperature ensemble using molecular dynamics simulation. The Bredig transition with vicinity of a $$\lambda $$-peak in specific heat was successfully observed for the model system at about 2,100 K. Moreover, the experimental enthalpy change was well reproduced before and after the estimated transition temperature.
Simple Thermal Decompose Method for Synthesis of Nickel Disulfide Nanostructures
Authors: Seyghalkar Hamideh , Sabet Mohammad , Salavati-Niasari Masoud 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn this work, a simple thermal decompose method was served to synthesize NiS2nanostructures via a nickel complex. Also polyethylene glycol (PEG) was used as surfactant to increase the steric effect around nanostructure surfaces and decrease the particles size. The product was characterized with different analysis methods. The crystal structure of the product was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern. The particle size and morphology were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). To study the nanostructures surface purity, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was used. And finally to study the optical properties of the product photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy was served.
Risk and protective factors for adolescent substance use: a comparative study of secondary school students in rural and urban areas of Osun State, Nigeria
Authors: Ogunsola Olabanjo O. , Fatusi Adesegun O. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Background: Substance use is a leading adolescent health problem globally, but little is known regarding associated factors for adolescent substance use in Nigeria. This study compared the prevalence of substance use among in-school adolescents in urban and rural areas of Osun State, Nigeria, and identified risk and protective factors.
Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 600 randomly selected adolescents (aged 10–19 years) from rural and urban areas of Osun State, Nigeria. Data were collected using the facilitated self-completed questionnaire method. Binary logistic regression was used to examine the association of individual, peer, and parental factors with adolescent substance use. Adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were obtained.
Results: About two-thirds of respondents had used substances in both rural (65.7%) and urban areas (66.0%) (p=0.93). Logistic analysis showed private school attendance as a risk factor for substance use (OR=2.32, 95% CI=1.20–4.46) and adolescent disapproval of adult substance use as a protective factor (OR=0.47, 95% CI=0.27–0.82) in rural areas. For urban areas, having friends who use substances (OR=4.04, 95% CI=1.39–11.6) and a mother having had tertiary education (OR=3.34, 95% CI=1.06–10.4) were risk factors while parental disapproval of substance use (OR=0.50, 95% CI=0.28–0.90) was a protective factor.
Conclusion: Lifetime prevalence of substances is high among in-school adolescents in Osun State. The risk and protective factors for adolescent substance use somewhat differ for rural and urban areas, and these have implications for designing effective intervention strategies.
Economic Impact of Wind Energy Development in Illinois
Authors: Loomis David G. , Hayden Jared , Noll Sarah , Payne James E. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA number of factors have contributed to the rapid growth of wind power capacity in Illinois from 50 MW in 2003 to 3,334.91 MW in 2012, including: federal and state policies, energy security, energy costs, environmental benefits, economic development opportunities, and state-specific factors. One key policy driver in Illinois was the passage of the Illinois Power Agency Act in 2007, which included a renewable portfolio standard of 25 % by 2025, 75 % of the renewable energy resources employed to meet the renewable portfolio standard were designated to wind energy. This study analyzes the economic impacts from the 23 wind projects in Illinois that exceed 50 MW of capacity. These wind projects account for 3,334.91 MW or 99 % of the state’s wind energy generating capacity. Using the JEDI input-output model, the 23 largest wind farms in Illinois created approximately 19,047 full-time equivalent jobs during construction periods with a total payroll of over $1.1 billion. In addition, approximately 814 permanent jobs in rural Illinois areas with a total annual payroll of nearly $48 million are supported. Furthermore, wind farms generated roughly $28.5 million in annual property taxes for local economies as well as $13 million annually in extra income for Illinois landowners who lease their land to wind farm developers. The lifetime total economic benefit of the 23 wind farm projects is estimated at $5.98 billion.
On the Chabauty continuity of certain functions
Authors: Hamrouni Hatem , Omri Abdellatif 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Let G be a locally compact group. We denote by

𝒮
⁢

𝒰

⁢
ℬ
⁢

(
G
)

${{\mathcal{S\kern-1.422638ptU\hskip-0.9ptB}}(G)}$

the hyperspace of closed subgroups of G endowed with the Chabauty topology.
In this article we study the continuity of the following map:

λ
G

:

𝒮
⁢

𝒰

⁢
ℬ
⁢

(
G
)

×
𝒮

⁢

𝒰

⁢
ℬ
⁢

(
G
)

→

𝒮
⁢

𝒰

⁢
ℬ
⁢

(
G
)

,

(
K
,
L
)

↦

K
∩
L

.

$\lambda_{G}:{\mathcal{S\kern-1.422638ptU\hskip-0.9ptB}}(G)\times{\mathcal{S%
\kern-1.422638ptU\hskip-0.9ptB}}(G)\to{\mathcal{S\kern-1.422638ptU\hskip-0.9%
ptB}}(G),\quad(K,L)\mapsto K\cap L.$

A correction and improvement of a theorem of I. V. Protasov and Y. V. Tsybenko is given.
Familial Turner syndrome: the importance of information
Authors: Periquito Isabel , Carrusca Catarina , Morgado Joana , Robalo Brígida , Pereira Carla , de Lurdes Sampaio Maria 
Published: January 2016

AbstractTurner syndrome is a common genetic disorder with an incidence of 1 in 2500 live births. Spontaneous fertility is rare in such patients and is most likely in women with mosaicism or very distal Xp deletions. The authors report an unusual case of familial Turner syndrome in a woman with mosaicism 45,X/46,Xdel(Xp) karyotype with three documented spontaneous pregnancies, which resulted in two daughters with 46,Xdel(X)(p11.4)mat karyotype and a healthy son. The mother was first diagnosed by the age of 11 and did not receive contraceptive medication, due to information that she would be infertile. Both daughters were referred to an endocrinology unit and are now under growth hormone treatment, and have been growing in the 3rd percentile. This family illustrates the complexity and difficulties in counseling, follow-up and treatment in Turner syndrome, namely referring to a tertiary center, fertility and treatment such as growth hormone and hormonal replacement, due to the heterogeneity of the clinical spectrum.
A 33-year-old male patient with paternal derived duplication of 14q11.2–14q22.1~22.3: clinical course, phenotypic and genotypic findings
Authors: Wannenmacher Bardo , Mitter Diana , Kießling Franziska , Liehr Thomas , Weise Anja , Siekmeyer Manuela , Kiess Wieland 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWe report on a 33-year-old patient with mosaic interstitial duplication on chromosome 14q11.2–14q22.1~22.3 with severe physical and mental retardation and multiple dysmorphisms. This patient was admitted to our pediatric hospital due to severe dehydration and malnutrition as a result of food refusal. It is an actual phenomenon that patients with severe inborn clinical problems nowadays survive due to progress and care of modern medicine. Nevertheless, transition from pediatric care to adult medicine seems to remain a challenging problem. We demonstrate the clinical course as well as clinical and genetic findings of this adult patient. Comparisons are made to previously reported cases with mosaic trisomy 14 involving a proximal interstitial duplication on the long arm of chromosome 14.
The Language of the Achaemenid Imperial Diplomacy towards the Greeks: The Meaning of Earth and Water
Authors: Rung Eduard 
Published: January 2016

Summary
The problem of the meaning of earth and water in the context of the language of Achaemenid imperial diplomacy towards the Greeks is considered in this paper. It is concluded that the Persian demand for subjugation was a verbal expression of Persian diplomacy while earth and water themselves as material things that could have different symbolic meanings for different peoples was its non-verbal expression. The Greeks might have perceived the giving of earth and water simply as an acknowledgement of the Persians’ superiority by both land and sea. It is argued in this paper that the Persian official conception of earth and water would have been dependent on imperial ideology seeing the earth as meaning a land / territory and the water as symbolizing seas or / and rivers as limit of this territory.
Crystal structure of catena-poly-(diaqua-(μ
2-1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethene-κ2
N:N′)-(4-methylphthalato-κ2
O,O′)-cobalt(II)trihydrate, C21H26CoN2O9
Authors: Xing-Hong Chang 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
C21H26CoN2O9, orthorhombic, Pca21 (no. 29), a = 16.387(4) Å, b = 12.389(3) Å, c = 11.167(3) Å, V = 2267.1(10) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0444, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.0839, T = 296 K.
Crystal structure of 5-(adamantan-1-yl)-3-[(4-chloroanilino)methyl]-2,3-dihydro-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thione, C19H22ClN3OS
Authors: Al-Alshaikh Monirah A. , Ghabbour Hazem A. , Al-Tamimi Abdul-Malek S. , Abdelbaky Mohammed S.M. , Garcia-Granda Santiago , El-Emam Ali A. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
C19H22ClN3OS, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 7.0418(2) Å, b = 10.8802(3) Å, c = 23.5506(6) Å, V = 1804.36(8) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0413, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.1110, T = 100 K.
Completely green synthesis of silver nanoparticle decorated MWCNT and its antibacterial and catalytic properties
Authors: Mohan Sneha , Oluwafemi Oluwatobi S. , Songca Sandile P. , Rouxel Didier , Miska Patrice , Lewu Francis B. , Kalarikkal Nandakumar , Thomas Sabu 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
We herein report a simple large scale green synthesis route for the synthesis of silver nanoparticle (Ag-NP) multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) hybrid nanocomposite (Ag-MWCNTs). The as-synthesized hybrid nanocomposite were characterized using UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). Raman spectroscopy analysis showed an increase in the D/G ratio of Ag-MWCNTs hybrid nanocomposites when compare with that of functionalized MWCNTs (F-MWCNTs) attributed to the presence of Ag-NPs on the surface of the F-MWCNTs. The as-synthesized Ag-MWCNTs nanocomposites showed strong antibacterial efficacy against Escherichia coli compared to the Ag-NPs and MWCNTs. The catalytic potential of the Ag-MWCNTs hybrid nanocomposite was investigated for the first time by studying the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol in the presence of sodium borohydride at 299 K at various reaction times. The reaction follows first order kinetics with a rate constant of 5.18×10−1 s−1. It is believed that, the large scale synthesis of such hybrid nanocomposites via simple method using non-toxic reagent will not only enhance its antibacterial efficacy, durability and biocompatibility, it will also minimize its biotoxcity and environmental impacts.
Green synthetic approach for starch capped silver nanoparticles and their antibacterial activity
Authors: Sibiya Precious Nokwethemba , Xaba Thokozani , Moloto Makwena Justice 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
In this work silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been prepared from silver nitrate (AgNO3) precursor using a green synthesis method at room temperature. Starch with its abundance of hydroxyl groups and its biocompatibility was used as a capping and reducing agent. The formation of AgNPs was confirmed by absorption spectroscopy with the surface plasmon resonance peak at 400 nm. The sharp reflection at (111), (200), (220) and (311) was observed by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), which indicated the presence of cubic phase AgNPs. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that the average size of AgNPs were between 0.5 and 4 nm with a spherical shape under optimum conditions. The nanoparticles showed a decrease in size with an increase in precursor concentration as well as the increase in capping agent concentration. The nanoparticles also showed to be bactericidal towards the tested Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria.
A sociosemiotic approach to the legal dispute over the crime of whoring with an underage girl in China
Authors: Meng Xingcan , Wen Bing 
Published: January 2016

AbstractFocusing on the legal dispute over the crime of whoring with an underage girl, the present study explores why many Chinese appeal to abolish the legal statute on the crime of whoring with an underage girl from a sociosemiotic perspective. The authors argue that the legislation of this legal statute neglects that the Chinese social system, including social customs and conventions, could also influence Chinese social semiotic systems. This legal dispute originates from the lack of an overview of the Chinese social, legal, and semiotic systems. By situating the dispute in the Chinese historical and cultural settings, the authors reveal why it is unreasonable to promulgate this legal statute. By situating the dispute in the Chinese and world legal settings, the authors further reveal the causal factors of this dispute: (1) labeling underage schoolgirls as prostitutes; (2) classifying statutory rape as crimes in prostitution; (3) the potential legal contradiction between the crime of rape and the crime of whoring with underage girl; (4) aiming to punish the perpetrator more severely and safeguard the underage girl more effectively, but giving rise to more similar crimes and doing more psychological harm to the underage girl by using language violence in reality. Therefore, the authors suggest that it be necessary to amend or modify, and to systematize some relevant legal provisions on sex offences against minors timely according to the social, linguistic, and legal realities.
Stem Cells: New Hope For Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Gazdic Marina , Volarevic Vladislav , Stojkovic Miodrag 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
Stem cell therapy offers several attractive strategies for spinal cord repair. The regenerative potential of pluripotent stem cells was confirmed in an animal model of Spinal Cord Injury (SCI); nevertheless, optimized growth and differentiation protocols along with reliable safety assays should be established prior to the clinical application of hESCs and iPSCs. Th e therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in SCI result from neurotrophin secretion, angiogenesis, and antiinflammatory actions. Several preclinical SCI studies have reported that the occurrence of axonal extension, remyelination and neuroprotection occur after the transplantation of olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs). The transplantation of neural stem cells NSCs (NSCs) promotes partial functional improvement after SCI because of their potential to differentiate into neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes. The ideal source of stem cells for safe and efficient cell-based therapy for SCI remains a challenging issue that requires further investigation.
Periodontal Disease And Risk For Pre-Term Birth: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Andonova Irena , Iliev Vasil , Živković Nikica 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
Maternal periodontal infection has been recognizsed as a risk factor for preterm and low birth weight infants. It is hypothesized that pathogens causing periodontal disease might translocate to the amniotic cavity and contribute to triggering an adverse pregnancy outcome. The growing evidence that an infection remote from the foetal-placental unit might have a role in preterm delivery has led to an increased awareness of the potential role of chronic bacterial infections in the body. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the presence of chronic periodontitis might influence the incidence of preterm labour and preterm birth.
This study was designed as a hospital-based case-control study. Seventy pregnant women aged 18-40 years, with a single live pregnancy were recruited from the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics of a general hospital in Sibenik, Croatia, from March 2013 to March 2014.
The case group included: 30 pregnant women who were hospitalized with signs of preterm labour. The control group included 40 normal pregnancy patients, who were analysed for up to 48 h after the delivery of a term baby having a birth weight of more than 1500 g. A full-mouth periodontal examination was performed on all the patients. Information was collected on the demographics, health behaviours, and obstetric and systemic diseases that might have an influence in preterm delivery.
The presence of chronic periodontitis tended to be higher in women with a preterm delivery (the case group), with 20 cases (66%), than in the women in the, control group, in which chronic periodontitis was found in 14 cases (35%); this difference reached statistical significance (p≤0.01). The PTB cases had a significantly worse periodontal status than the controls (p≤0.001). From the PTL group, 18 patients delivered preterm, and chronic periodontitis, found in 15 cases (83%), was more prevalent than in the control group. The risk of women having periodontitis or attachment loss ≥ 4 mm developing PTB showed an OR of 3.7 (95% CI: 1.91 to 4.86; P< 0.001).
The study shows a significant association between periodontal chronic disease and an adverse pregnancy outcome. Periodontal disease represents a strong, independent risk factor for preterm births, and periodontal prevention and therapy should be a part of preventive prenatal care.