bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and psychometric testing of the Attitudes, Subjective Norms, Perceived Behavioural Control, and Intention to Pursue a Career in Mental Health Nursing scale
Authors: Wilbourn Mark , Salamonson Yenna , Ramjan Lucie , Chang Sungwon 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to develop and test the psychometric properties of the Attitudes, Subjective Norms, Perceived Behavioural Control, and Intention to Pursue a Career in Mental Health Nursing (ASPIRE) scale, an instrument to assess nursing students' intention to work in mental health nursing. Understanding the factors influencing undergraduate nursing students' career intentions might lead to improved recruitment strategies. However, there are no standardized tools to measure and assess students' intention to pursue a career in mental health nursing. The present study used a cross‐sectional survey design undertaken at a large tertiary institution in Western Sydney (Australia) between May and August 2013. It comprised three distinct and sequential phases: (i) items were generated representing the four dimensions of the theory of planned behaviour; (ii) face and content validity were tested by a representative reference group and panel of experts; and (iii) survey data from 1109 first‐ and second‐year and 619 third‐year students were used in exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses to test the factorial validity of the scale. Internal consistency was measured using Cronbach's alpha. Items generated for theASPIREscale were subject to face and content validity testing. Results showed good factorial validity and reliability for the final 14‐item scale. Principal axis factoring revealed a one‐factor solution, the hypothesized model being supported by confirmatory factor analysis. TheASPIREscale is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring intention to pursue a career in mental health nursing among Bachelor of Nursing students.
The sliding context of health: the challenges faced by patients with heart failure from the perspective of patients, healthcare providers and family members
Authors: Mangolian Shahrbabaki Parvin , Nouhi Esmat , Kazemi Majid , Ahmadi Fazlollah 
Published: January 2017

Aims and objectivesTo understand the challenges faced by patients with heart failure.BackgroundHeart failure is a clinical syndrome that is increasing across the globe. People affected with it encounter various problems that reduce their quality of life and well‐being. Therefore, identifying the challenges faced by patients with heart failure is necessary for health care and treatment plans.DesignThis study was performed using the qualitative research approach and content analysis method.MethodsData were collected using semistructured interviews and notes in the field of 21 Iranian participants, namely 12 patients with heart failure, three cardiologists, three nurses and three members of patient family. The data were analysed using Lundman and Graneheim qualitative content analysis.ResultsThe results of this study were revealed in the form of a theme: ‘sliding context of health’ in which the following three categories ‘perceived threat of health and life’, ‘the struggle between doubt and certainty’ and ‘in the downward slope of quality of life’ reflect the experiences of patients faced with heart failure.ConclusionsThe findings of this study showed that it is necessary to identify the challenges of facing heart failure, in order to support and educate patients with heart failure. Patients do not take care of themselves based on the fact that these challenges affect them psychologically and physically, and as such, the new situations are often misunderstood, thereby resulting in frequent recurrence of symptoms, mandatory hospitalisations and reduced quality of life.Relevance to clinical practiceNurses, as the first line of health care, play an important role in identifying problems and supporting patients with heart failure. By acquiring knowledge and listening to the complaints of patients, interventions can be developed to improve their situation.
Validation of an MRI Rating Scale for Amyloid‐Related Imaging Abnormalities
Authors: Bechten Arianne , Wattjes Mike P. , Purcell Derk D. , Aliaga Esther Sanchez , Daams Marita , Brashear H. Robert , Arrighi H. Michael , Barkhof Frederik 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTINTRODUCTIONImmunotherapeutic agents against amyloid beta (Aβ) are associated with adverse events, including amyloid‐related imaging abnormalities with edema and effusion (ARIA‐E). Recently, a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) rating scale was developed for ARIA‐E detection and classification. The aim of this study was to validate the use of this rating scale in a larger patient group with multiple raters.METHODSMRI scans of 75 patients (29 with known ARIA‐E and 46 control subjects) were analyzed by five neuroradiologists with different degrees of expertise, according to the ARIA‐E rating scale. For each patient, we included a baseline and a follow‐up fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery image. Interrater agreement was calculated using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).RESULTSOn average, 4.1% of the ARIA‐E cases were missed. We observed a high interrater agreement for scores of sulcal hyperintensity (SH; ICC = .915; 95% CI 85–95) and for the combined scores of the 2 ARIA‐E findings, parenchymal hyperintensity (PH) and SH (ICC = .878; 95% CI 79–93). A slightly lower agreement for PH (ICC = .678; 95% CI 51–81) was noted.CONCLUSIONThe ARIA‐E rating scale is a simple tool to evaluate the extent of ARIA‐E in patients recruited into Aβ‐lowering therapeutic trials. It shows high interrater agreement among raters with different degrees of expertise.
Eye Movements Converge on Vanishing Points during Visual Search
Authors: Ueda Yoshiyuki , Kamakura Yusuke , Saiki Jun 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe vanishing point seems to be a useful cue for understanding scenes at a glance. The closer the objects are, the smaller their sizes become. Because the resolution of central vision is higher than that of peripheral vision, seeing a vanishing point enables individuals to perceive the whole scene. Here, we examined whether vanishing points attract eye movements during visual search. In Experiment 1, we conducted a free‐viewing task to examine whether vanishing points play a significant role. In Experiment 2, the participants searched for a Gabor patch that was embedded in manmade or natural scenes. In Experiment 3, to investigate the robustness of the vanishing point effect, visual search was conducted using simpler geometric backgrounds. We observed that eye movements converged around vanishing points, and that the first fixations are also located around them. These results suggest that vanishing points as well as salient locations can capture eye movements, and eye movements are guided by such environmental structures.
What is the true in vitro potency of oxytetracycline for the pig pneumonia pathogens Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and Pasteurella multocida?
Authors: Dorey L. , Hobson S. , Lees P. 
Published: January 2017

The pharmacodynamics of oxytetracycline was determined for pig respiratory tract pathogens, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and Pasteurella multocida. Indices of potency were determined for the following: (i) two matrices, broth and pig serum; (ii) five overlapping sets of twofold dilutions; and (iii) a high strength starting culture. For A. pleuropneumoniae, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was similar for the two matrices, but for P. multocida, differences were marked and significantly different. MIC and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) serum: broth ratios for A. pleuropneumoniae were 0.83:1 and 1.22:1, respectively, and corresponding values for P. multocida were 22.0:1 and 7.34:1. For mutant prevention concentration (MPC) serum: broth ratios were 0.79:1 (A. pleuropneumoniae) and 20.9:1 (P. multocida). These ratios were corrected for serum protein binding to yield fraction unbound (fu) serum: broth MIC ratios of 0.24:1 (A. pleuropneumoniae) and 6.30:1 (P. multocida). Corresponding fu serum: broth ratios for MPC were almost identical, 0.23:1 and 6.08:1. These corrections for protein binding did not account for potency differences between serum and broth for either species; based on fu serum MICs, potency in serum was approximately fourfold greater than predicted for A. pleuropneumoniae and sixfold smaller than predicted for P. multocida. For both broth and serum and both bacterial species, MICs were also dependent on initial inoculum strength. The killing action of oxytetracycline had the characteristics of codependency for both A. pleuropneumoniae and P. multocida in both growth media. The in vitro potency of oxytetracycline in pig serum is likely to be closer to the in vivo plasma/serum concentration required for efficacy than potency estimated in broths.
Plant dispersal traits determine hydrochorous species tolerance to connectivity loss at the landscape scale
Authors: Favre‐Bac Lisa , Lamberti‐Raverot Barbara , Puijalon Sara , Ernoult Aude , Burel Françoise , Guillard Ludovic , Mony Cendrine 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAimsLandscape fragmentation has strong negative consequences on biodiversity. In networks of linear elements, connectivity loss results in a decreased length of connected elements and increased potential barriers, directly impacting the ability of plants to disperse. However, species vary in their tolerance to connectivity loss, likely due to differences in dispersal strategies. We investigated whether species tolerance to decreased ditch network connectivity is determined by seed traits. We selected, as a case study, water‐dispersed plant species in a ditch network.LocationDitch network in an intensive agricultural area in northern France.MethodsWe selected 27 sites of 500 m × 500 m, where we calculated connectivity indices based on the length of connected ditches, intersections and culvert number. For each parameter, we calculated plant tolerance levels by analysing species changes in occurrence in response to change in connectivity values. Concurrently, we measured in laboratory conditions five seed traits involved in plant movement and establishment in standing aquatic systems and analysed their explanatory power in plant tolerance to fragmentation.ResultsAll traits were significantly related to at least one component of ditch network connectivity. We interpreted the following two strategies in plant tolerance to connectivity loss from the results: (1) in networks where the connected network length was short, plants displayed short‐distance dispersal with less efficient sexual reproduction, probably in favour of local vegetative multiplication; and (2) in networks with a high density of culverts or intersections, plants displayed seeds with reduced local retention, where seeds had the capacity to overcome long and frequent trapping events. In highly branched networks, plants also exhibited higher germination rates, promoting seed establishment when trapped along the banks. Seed capacity to be dispersed by wind at the water surface was only a marginal factor in plant tolerance to fragmentation.ConclusionsConnectivity loss acted as a filter on species seed traits. The results of our study offer an enhanced understanding of plant dispersal in fragmented standing aquatic networks and emphasize the importance of developing functional approaches in landscape studies.
Adaptation of genetically monomorphic bacteria: evolution of copper resistance through multiple horizontal gene transfers of complex and versatile mobile genetic elements
Authors: Richard D. , Ravigné V. , Rieux A. , Facon B. , Boyer C. , Boyer K. , Grygiel P. , Javegny S. , Terville M. , Canteros B. I. , Robène I. , Vernière C. , Chabirand A. , Pruvost O. , Lefeuvre P. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractCopper‐based antimicrobial compounds are widely used to control plant bacterial pathogens. Pathogens have adapted in response to this selective pressure. Xanthomonas citri pv. citri, a major citrus pathogen causing Asiatic citrus canker, was first reported to carry plasmid‐encoded copper resistance in Argentina. This phenotype was conferred by the copLAB gene system. The emergence of resistant strains has since been reported in Réunion and Martinique. Using microsatellite‐based genotyping and copLAB PCR, we demonstrated that the genetic structure of the copper‐resistant strains from these three regions was made up of two distant clusters and varied for the detection of copLAB amplicons. In order to investigate this pattern more closely, we sequenced six copper‐resistant X. citri pv. citri strains from Argentina, Martinique and Réunion, together with reference copper‐resistant Xanthomonas and Stenotrophomonas strains using long‐read sequencing technology. Genes involved in copper resistance were found to be strain dependent with the novel identification in X. citri pv. citri of copABCD and a cus heavy metal efflux resistance–nodulation–division system. The genes providing the adaptive trait were part of a mobile genetic element similar to Tn3‐like transposons and included in a conjugative plasmid. This indicates the system's great versatility. The mining of all available bacterial genomes suggested that, within the bacterial community, the spread of copper resistance associated with mobile elements and their plasmid environments was primarily restricted to the Xanthomonadaceae family.
Local myogenic pulp‐derived cell injection enhances craniofacial muscle regeneration in vivo
Authors: Jung J. E. , Song M. J. , Shin S. , Choi Y. J. , Kim K. H. , Chung C. J. 
Published: January 2017

Structured AbstractObjectivesTo enhance myogenic differentiation in pulp cells isolated from extracted premolars by epigenetic modification using a DNA demethylation agent, 5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine (5‐Aza), and to evaluate the potent stimulatory effect of 5‐Aza‐treated pulp cell injection for craniofacial muscle regeneration in vivo.Setting and Sample PopulationPulp cells were isolated from premolars extracted for orthodontic purposes from four adults (age range, 18‐22.1 years).Material and MethodsLevels of myogenic differentiation and functional contraction response in vitro were compared between pulp cells with or without pre‐treatment of 5‐Aza. Changes in muscle regeneration in response to green fluorescent protein (GFP)‐labelled myogenic pulp cell injection in vivo were evaluated using a cardiotoxin (CTX)‐induced muscle injury model of the gastrocnemius as well as the masseter muscle in mice.ResultsPre‐treatment of 5‐Aza in pulp cells stimulated myotube formation, myogenic differentiation in terms of desmin and myogenin expression, and the level of collagen gel contraction. The local injection of 5‐Aza pre‐treated myogenic pulp cells was engrafted into the host tissue and indicated signs of enhanced muscle regeneration in both the gastrocnemius and the masseter muscles.ConclusionThe epigenetic modification of pulp cells from extracted premolars and the local injection of myogenic pulp cells may stimulate craniofacial muscles regeneration in vivo.
A Single Center Study of 1,179 Heart Transplant Patients—Factors Affecting Pacemaker Implantation
Authors: WELLMANN PETRA , HERRMANN FLORIAN ERNST MARTIN , HAGL CHRISTIAN , JUCHEM GERD 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundAfter around 10% of heart transplant patients require pacemaker implantation. The bradyarrhythmias causing pacemaker requirement include sinus node dysfunction (SND) and atrioventricular block (AVB). This study sought to define clinical predictors for pacemaker requirement as well as identify differences in the patient groups developing SND and AVB.MethodsOur operative database was used to collect retrospective recipient, donor, and operative data of all patients receiving orthotopic heart transplants between 1981 and 2016.ResultsIn the 35‐year period 1,179 transplants were performed (mean recipient age 45.5 ± 0.5 years, 20.4% female, 90.6% biatrial technique) with bradyarrhythmias requiring pacemaker implantation developing in 135 patients (11.5%). Independent risk factors were prolonged operative time 340 minutes versus 313 minutes (P = 0.027) and a biatrial anastomosis (P = 0.036). Ischemia time, cardiopulmonary bypass time, aortic cross clamp time, and reperfusion time all had no significant effect on pacemaker implantation rates. Similarly, whether the transplant was a reoperation, a retransplant, or performed after primary assist implantation had no effects on pacemaker implantation rates. There was no survival difference between the paced and nonpaced groups. The donor age was higher in the patients who developed AVB as the indication for pacemaker implantation (43 vs 34 years, P = 0.031). Patients with AVB had longer aortic cross clamp times and developed the arrhythmia later than those who developed SND.ConclusionsUse of the bicaval instead of the biatrial technique and shortened operative times should reduce pacemaker requirement after heart transplantation. Survival is not affected by this complication.
Working to define professionalism in pediatric anesthesiology: a qualitative study of domains of the expert pediatric anesthesiologist as valued by interdisciplinary stakeholders
Authors: Lockman Justin L. , Schwartz Alan Jay , Cronholm Peter F. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryBackgroundUnprofessional behavior is a significant problem throughout graduate medical education programs and medical centers. Some authors have suggested that professionalism curricula should be focused toward faculty, not trainees, to interrupt the modeling of unprofessionalism. Developing such curricula requires a needs assessment and is challenging given data indicating that the definition of professionalism varies based on medical specialty. Thus, a specialty‐specific definition of professionalism is needed as a first step in any curriculum development.AimThe aim of this study was to define professionalism in pediatric anesthesiology.MethodsThis is a qualitative study using focus groups for data collection and a grounded theory approach for analysis. Four relevant stakeholder groups, pediatric surgeons and endoscopists, perioperative nurses, pediatric anesthesiologists, and parents of children who had undergone surgery at our facility, were recruited for participation. De‐identified transcripts were analyzed and coded to derive major domains and component themes relevant to the definition of professionalism for pediatric anesthesiology. Member checking with participants from our stakeholder groups was used to validate thematic development and increase the trustworthiness of our findings.ResultsFocus group participants included 20 individuals, 14 of whom were female. Analysis of transcripts identified 11 major domains across the four groups: Patient Ownership, Specialty Expertise, Continuous Team Improvement, Expressive Communication, Active Listening, Care Coordination, Medical Hierarchy, Leadership, Teamwork, Personality Traits, and Physical Image. The data uncovered several controversies for future study.ConclusionA composite of these 11 domains may give a more complete image of what surgical and nursing colleagues, patient families, and anesthesiologist partners expect of the pediatric anesthesiologist. Despite some overlap and interdependence between domains, this research may contribute to the creation of future educational curricula and provides domains for evaluation of professionalism in pediatric anesthesiology.
Different expression of leptin and IGF1 in the adult and prepubertal testis in dogs
Authors: Müller L , Kowalewski MP , Reichler IM , Kollár E , Balogh O 
Published: January 2017

ContentsLeptin (Lep) and insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF1) are implicated in the regulation of testicular function, but in dogs, our knowledge is limited to the possible role of the IGF1 system in testicular tumours. In this study, we aimed to describe and compare gene expression and protein localization of Lep, IGF1 and their receptors (LepR and IGF1R, respectively) in the testis of healthy adult and prepubertal dogs. Testes were collected from sexually healthy mature (n = 7) and from 8‐week‐old dogs (n = 7). Relative gene expression of Lep, LepR, IGF1 and IGF1R was determined by semi‐quantitative real‐time (TaqMan) PCR and cellular distribution in the testis by immunohistochemistry. Statistical analysis was carried out with Student's t test. Lep and LepR mRNA concentration was similar between the two groups, but IGF1 and IGF1R gene expression was significantly higher in the 8‐week‐old pups. Protein localization and the intensity of signals differed by age. In adults, Lep and LepR immunoreactivity was detected in spermatocytes and spermatids. Leydig cells showed sporadic, weak Lep staining. In prepubertal animals, intense Lep signals were present in Leydig and Sertoli cells, and LepR was found in Leydig cells. IGF1 and IGF1R protein was expressed in spermatogonia of the mature testis; IGF1 signals in Leydig cells seemed stronger than IGF1R. In the pups, IGF1 and IGF1R staining was detected in Leydig cells and in gonocytes. Sertoli cells showed weak IGF1 and sporadic, weak IGF1R signals. In conclusion, Lep and IGF1 may support spermatogenesis in adult dogs and mediate Leydig cell function. In the immature testis, they may promote development of Sertoli and Leydig cells and gonocytes.
Common and well‐documented HLA alleles over all of Europe and within European sub‐regions: A catalogue from the European Federation for Immunogenetics
Authors: Sanchez‐Mazas A. , Nunes J. M. , Middleton D. , Sauter J. , Buhler S. , McCabe A. , Hofmann J. , Baier D. M. , Schmidt A. H. , Nicoloso G. , Andreani M. , Grubic Z. , Tiercy J.‐M. , Fleischhauer K. 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundA catalogue of common and well‐documented (CWD) human leukocyte antigen (HLA), previously established by the American Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics (ASHI), is widely used as indicator for typing ambiguities to be resolved in tissue transplantation or for checking the universality of any HLA allele in the world. However, European population samples, which are characterized by a substantial level of genetic variation, are underrepresented in the ASHI catalogue. Therefore, the Population Genetics Working Group of the European Federation for Immunogenetics (EFI) has facilitated data collection for an European CWD catalogue.Materials and MethodsTo this end, 2nd‐field HLA‐A, ‐B, ‐C,‐ DRB1,‐ DQA1,‐ DQB1 and ‐DPB1 data of 77 to 121 European population samples (21 571‐3 966 984 individuals) from 3 large databases, HLA‐net/Gene[VA], allelefrequencies.net and DKMS, were analysed.ResultsThe total number of CWD alleles is similar in the EFI (N = 1048) and ASHI (N = 1031) catalogues, but the former counts less common (N = 236 vs 377) and more well‐documented (N = 812 vs 654) alleles than the latter, possibly reflecting differences in sample numbers and sizes. Interestingly, approximately half of the CWD alleles reported by EFI were not reported by ASHI and vice‐versa, underlining the distinct features of the two catalogues. Also, although 78 common alleles are widely distributed across Europe, some alleles are only common within specific sub‐regions, showing regional variability.ConclusionAlthough the definition of CWD alleles itself is affected by different parameters, calling for current updates of the list, the EFI CWD catalogue provides new insights into European population genetics and will be a very useful tool for tissue‐typing laboratories in and beyond Europe.