bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychological implications of a vision disorder
Authors: Weber Brian E. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe paper discusses how the condition of crossed‐eyes affects a baby's eye contact with mother and potentially results in the loss of a vital emotional connection with her during the earliest days of life. This loss may contribute to a rupture that arrests emotional development at a deep psychic level. It is suggested that, in the same way as premature separation, the rupture can precipitate a ‘fusional complex’, a defence that develops to protect the infant against psychotic anxieties. The paper proposes that psychological development atrophies in this place and creates a blind spot. These ideas are explored through analytic theory and developmental literature. The dreams of a patient and his art are used to illustrate a 10‐year ‘alchemical’ process of bringing repressed material into consciousness and transformation. Healing the psychological wounds of deficits in early eye contact may be found to bring sight to a blind spot that was created by the nature of the condition itself.
Relationship Between Mortality and Cancer‐Bearing Status at Time of Dialysis Initiation
Authors: Tanaka Akihito , Inaguma Daijo , Shinjo Hibiki , Murata Minako , Takeda Asami 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPatients with malignancy are reported to have poorer prognosis than those without malignancy. When patients with malignancy develop end‐stage kidney disease, clinicians must determine treatment with consideration of prognosis. Furthermore, malignancy is sometimes found at time of dialysis initiation. However, prognosis of patients with malignancy at time of dialysis initiation has not been investigated. A total of 1524 patients with chronic kidney disease who initiated dialysis at 17 centers participating in the Aichi Cohort Study of Prognosis in Patients Newly Initiated into Dialysis were included. Patients initiated dialysis between October 2011 and September 2013. Mortality rates were compared between patients with and without malignancy. Types of malignancy and respective prognoses also were assessed. The study included 1030 men and 492 women with a mean age of 67.5 ± 13.1 years. Of these, 92 had malignancy and 1430 did not; 45.7% of the former group and 16.0% of the latter group died by March 2015 (P < 0.01). Even after adjusting for various factors, presence of malignancy remained an independent risk factor for mortality (P < 0.01). Patients with performance status (PS) of 0 had significantly lower mortality (P < 0.01). Patients with malignancy at time of dialysis initiation had poor prognosis. Therefore, presence of malignancy should be taken into consideration when patients initiate dialysis. In patients with malignancy, better PS was associated with better prognosis.
Household agricultural activities and child growth: evidence from rural Timor‐Leste
Authors: Thu Pyone Myat , Judge Debra S. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractChildhood under‐nutrition and malnutrition are prevalent in low and middle‐income countries. Where agriculture is the primary source of food production, consumption, and cash income, it has a close relationship with health and nutrition in these emerging economies. Although Timor‐Leste achieved lower middle‐income status in 2011, national economic growth has not delivered anticipated nutritional dividends. Seeking to redress a lack of research that clearly demonstrates how agriculture impacts on nutrition in Timor‐Leste, we investigated the links between household agricultural activities and children's physical growth in two agro‐ecologically varying field sites: lowland Natarbora and mountainous Ossu. Children in both sites were below World Health Organization standards in height, weight, and body mass index. Coastal children recorded better growth than upland children. Livestock production was linked to poorer growth in the upland, but not coastal communities, which may be linked to specific differences in husbandry practices. In both communities, access to a plantation was somewhat associated with children's (0–10 years) increased weight‐for‐age. As simple agricultural indicators do not fully explain growth outcomes, a livelihood security approach is proposed to better understand how households address food and nutritional needs in relation to broader livelihood concerns.
Hand functions in systemic sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis and influence on clinical variables
Authors: Erol Kemal , Gok Kevser , Cengiz Gizem , Ozgocmen Salih 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAimHand joints are the main target in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and hand involvement in terms of thickening of the skin and contractures are also well known in systemic sclerosis (SSc). Assessment of hand function in SSc is generally an overlooked entity with respect to RA. Therefore the aim of this study was to compare hand functions and potential influence of functional loss on patients' overall physical functions, health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and psychological status in RA and SSc.MethodsAge‐ and gender‐matched adult patients with SSc and RA were consecutively recruited. Patients' hand functions were evaluated by using the Duruöz Hand Index (DHI), and hand span and hand grip strength were measured. Patients were evaluated for disease‐specific and generic outcome measures including disease activity parameters and HRQoL measures.ResultsFifty patients (44 female, six male) with SSc and 51 (45 female, six male) with RA were included. Despite similar functioning and HRQoL, patients with RA had higher visual analog scale‐pain and body mass index. In both groups DHI revealed similar functional loss and correlated with various measurements related to HRQoL. In SSc, hand span, grip strength and modified Rodnan skin score had major influences on hand functions.ConclusionAssessment of hand function is an important component in the clinical evaluation of patients with RA and SSc. Loss of hand functions is an important feature contributing negatively to the overall physical status and HRQoL in patients with SSc and may be more frequent and important than expected.
Nicotinamide for skin cancer chemoprevention
Authors: Damian Diona L 
Published: March 2017

AbstractNicotinamide (vitamin B3) has a range of photoprotective effects in vitro and in vivo; it enhances DNA repair, reduces UV radiation‐induced suppression of skin immune responses, modulates inflammatory cytokine production and skin barrier function and restores cellular energy levels after UV exposure. Pharmacological doses of nicotinamide have been shown to reduce actinic keratoses and nonmelanoma skin cancer incidence in high‐risk individuals, making this a nontoxic and accessible option for skin cancer chemoprevention in this population.
Factors influencing the contamination rate of human organ‐cultured corneas
Authors: Röck Daniel , Wude Johanna , Bartz‐Schmidt Karl U. , Yoeruek Efdal , Thaler Sebastian , Röck Tobias 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPurposeTo assess the influence of donor, environment and storage factors on the contamination rate of organ‐cultured corneas, to consider the microbiological species causing corneal contamination and to investigate the corresponding sensitivities.MethodsData from 1340 consecutive donor corneas were analysed retrospectively. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the influence of different factors on the contamination rate of organ‐cultured corneas for transplantation.ResultsThe mean annual contamination rate was 1.8 ± 0.4% (range: 1.3–2.1%); 50% contaminations were of fungal origin with exclusively Candida species, and 50% contaminations were of bacterial origin with Staphylococcus species being predominant. The cause of donor death including infection and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome increased the risk of bacterial or fungal contamination during organ culture (p = 0.007 and p = 0.014, respectively). Differentiating between septic and aseptic donors showed an increased risk of contamination for septic donors (p = 0.0020). Mean monthly temperature including warmer months increased the risk of contamination significantly (p = 0.0031). Sex, donor age, death to enucleation, death to corneoscleral disc excision and storage time did not increase the risk of contamination significantly.ConclusionThe genesis of microbial contamination in organ‐cultured donor corneas seems to be multifactorial. The main source of fungal or bacterial contamination could be resident species from the skin flora. The rate of microbial contamination in organ‐cultured donor corneas seems to be dependent on the cause of donor death and mean monthly temperature.
Risk factors for parastomal hernia after abdominoperineal resection for rectal cancer
Authors: Kojima Keita , Nakamura Takatoshi , Sato Takeo , Matsubara Yasumi , Naito Masanori , Yamashita Keishi , Watanabe Masahiko 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIntroductionThis study was designed to identity risk factors for parastomal hernia occurring after abdominoperineal resection for rectal cancer.MethodsThe study group was comprised of 158 patients with rectal cancer who underwent abdominoperineal resection in our department from January 1990 through December 2014. Twelve variables were studied as risk factors for parastomal hernia.ResultsParastomal hernia developed in 27 patients, including 19 patients who underwent colostomy creation via an intraperitoneal route and 8 patients who underwent colostomy creation via an extraperitoneal route. On univariate analysis, a BMI ≥25 kg/m2 was significantly related to the development of parastomal hernia (P = 0. 018), and an ASA physical status ≥2 was slightly but not significantly related to parastomal hernia (P = 0. 076). Multivariate analysis showed that a BMI ≥25 kg/m2 was an independent risk factor (odds ratio = 2.9698; P = 0. 016).ConclusionPatients with a BMI ≥25 kg/m2 should be instructed about lifestyle modifications to control preoperative bodyweight and to reduce abdominal pressure.
Examining the sociocultural sensitivity of subjective drunkenness: Comparing Arab and Jewish Israeli pub patrons
Authors: Sznitman Sharon R. , Bord Shiran , Elias Wafa , Gesser‐Edelsburg Anat , Shiftan Yoram , Baron‐Epel Orna 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIntroduction and AimsSubjective drunkenness measures may be useful screening tools for alcohol‐related problems. However, if self‐reported drunkenness is influenced by social and cultural understandings, the measure may not predict drinking patterns equally across different sociocultural groups. The current study aims to determine whether the two main sociocultural groups in Israel (Arabs and Jews) are equally likely to report drunkenness at comparable levels of breath alcohol content (BrAC).Design and MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted among 901 Jewish and 225 Arab Israeli pub patrons. Respondents were interviewed as they exited pubs between midnight and 4 am. In addition to sociodemographic data, respondents reported whether they felt drunk at the time of the interview, after which they provided breath samples to determine BrAC. A logistic regression model tested whether there were differences in the probability of reporting drunkenness between Arabs and Jews holding BrAC levels and other background variables constant.ResultsArabs had higher BrAC levels than Jews (M = 0.19 vs. M = 0.13, P ≤ 0.0001) but a lower proportion of Arabs reported drunkenness than Jews (22% vs. 43%). Adjusted logistic regression showed that at all levels of BrAC, Jews had a higher probability of reporting drunkenness than Arabs (odds ratio = 6.40, P ≤ 0.0001).Discussion and ConclusionsSubjective drunkenness is likely to be influenced by cultural factors and may thus not reflect objective drinking patterns equally across different groups within the same society. This is likely to limit its usefulness as a screening tool for alcohol abuse and problems. [Sznitman SR, Bord S, Elias W, Gesser‐Edelsburg A, Shiftan Y, Baron‐Epel O. Examining the sociocultural sensitivity of subjective drunkenness: Comparing Arab and Jewish Israeli pub patrons.
Putting Liberty in its Place: Rawlsian Liberalism without the Liberalism
Authors: Arnold Samuel 
Published: March 2017

AbstractTo be a liberal is, among other things, to grant basic liberties some degree of priority over other aspects of justice. But why do basic liberties warrant this special treatment? For Rawls, the answer has to do with the allegedly special connection between these freedoms and the ‘two moral powers’ of reasonableness and rationality. Basic freedoms are said to be preconditions for the development and exercise of these powers and are held to warrant priority over other justice‐relevant values for that reason. In the first half of the article I mount an internal critique of this Rawlsian line, arguing that it is flawed in two main ways. First, it overestimates the contribution of basic freedom to moral personality. Second, it underestimates the contribution of non‐liberty resources (such as basic material necessities, but also opportunities for culture, education, leisure, and social contribution) to moral personality. In the second half of the article I repair these flaws (thus putting liberty in its proper place, if you like). The result is a new, intriguingly radical version of justice as fairness, one with surprising—yet plausible—implications for economic and gender justice.
Changes in soil organic matter over 70 years in continuous arable and ley–arable rotations on a sandy loam soil in England
Authors: Johnston A. E. , Poulton P. R. , Coleman K. , Macdonald A. J. , White R. P. 
Published: March 2017

The sequestration in soil of organic carbon (SOC) derived from atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) by replacing arable crops with leys, has been measured over 70 years on a sandy loam soil. The experiment was designed initially to test the effect of leys on the yields of arable crops. A 3‐year grazed grass with clover (grass + clover) ley in a 5‐year rotation with arable crops increased percentage organic carbon (%OC) in the top 25 cm of the soil from 0.98 to 1.23 in 28 years, but with little further increase during the next 40 years with all‐grass leys given fertilizer nitrogen (N). In this second period, OC inputs were balanced by losses, suggesting that about 1.3% OC might be near the equilibrium content for this rotation. Including 3‐year lucerne (Medicago sativa) leys had little effect on %OC over 28 years, but after changing to grass + clover leys, %OC increased to 1.24 during the next 40 years. Eight‐year leys (all grass with N or grass + clover) in 10‐year rotations with arable crops were started in the 1970s, and after three rotations %OC had increased to ca. 1.40 in 2000–2009. Over 70 years, %OC declined from 0.98 to 0.94 in an all‐arable rotation with mainly cereals and to 0.82 with more root crops. Applications of 38 t ha−1 farmyard manure (FYM) every fifth year increased %OC by 0.13% by the mid‐1960s when applications ceased. Soil treated with FYM still contained 0.10% more OC in 2000–2009. Changes in the amount of OC have been modelled with RothC‐26.3 and estimated inputs of C for selected rotations. Little of the OC input during the 70 years has been retained; most was retained in the grazed ley rotation, but 9 t ha−1 only of a total input of 189 t ha−1. In other rotations more than 98% of the total OC input was lost. Despite large losses of C, annual increases in OC of 4‰ are possible on this soil type with the inclusion of grass or grass + clover leys or the application of FYM, but only for a limited period. Such increases in SOC might help to limit increases in atmospheric CO2.Highlights
Can leys sequester significant amounts of atmospheric CO2 in SOM and contribute to the 4‰ initiative?
Changes in the percentage and amount of OC were measured and modelled over 70 years and OC losses estimated.
Three‐year grass or grass + clover leys increased %OC, but only to an equilibrium level that was then maintained.
Despite large losses, sequestering CO2‐C at 4‰ year−1 by growing grass or grass + clover leys is possible.
Accounting for sampling patterns reverses the relative importance of trade and climate for the global sharing of exotic plants
Authors: Sofaer Helen R. , Jarnevich Catherine S. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAimThe distributions of exotic species reflect patterns of human‐mediated dispersal, species climatic tolerances and a suite of other biotic and abiotic factors. The relative importance of each of these factors will shape how the spread of exotic species is affected by ongoing economic globalization and climate change. However, patterns of trade may be correlated with variation in scientific sampling effort globally, potentially confounding studies that do not account for sampling patterns.LocationGlobal.Time periodMuseum records, generally from the 1800s up to 2015.Major taxa studiedPlant species exotic to the United States.MethodsWe used data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) to summarize the number of plant species with exotic occurrences in the United States that also occur in each other country world‐wide. We assessed the relative importance of trade and climatic similarity for explaining variation in the number of shared species while evaluating several methods to account for variation in sampling effort among countries.ResultsAccounting for variation in sampling effort reversed the relative importance of trade and climate for explaining numbers of shared species. Trade was strongly correlated with numbers of shared U.S. exotic plants between the United States and other countries before, but not after, accounting for sampling variation among countries. Conversely, accounting for sampling effort strengthened the relationship between climatic similarity and species sharing. Using the number of records as a measure of sampling effort provided a straightforward approach for the analysis of occurrence data, whereas species richness estimators and rarefaction were less effective at removing sampling bias.Main conclusionsOur work provides support for broad‐scale climatic limitation on the distributions of exotic species, illustrates the need to account for variation in sampling effort in large biodiversity databases, and highlights the difficulty in inferring causal links between the economic drivers of invasion and global patterns of exotic species occurrence.
Diversity and suitability of existing methods and metrics for quantifying species range shifts
Authors: Yalcin Semra , Leroux Shawn J. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAimThe quantification of species range shifts is critical for developing effective plans to conserve biodiversity. There are numerous methods and metrics for quantifying species range shifts, but we currently lack a comprehensive review of existing approaches used in species range shift studies.LocationGlobal.Time period2013 – 2014.Major taxa studiedAll taxa.MethodsWe conducted a quantitative literature review to first identify the methods currently used for defining a species' range over a particular time and then to identify metrics used for measuring changes in species ranges over time. We provide a roadmap for the selection of methods and metrics for measuring species ranges and species range shifts by discussing opportunities, assumptions and constraints of the different approaches.ResultsOur literature review revealed six main methods for defining species ranges: observational studies, grid‐based mapping, convex hull, kriging, species distribution modelling and hybrid methods. These methods are used with three main metric classes to measure species range shifts: changes in range limit, size and the probability of species occurrences or suitability. Most methods for defining species ranges and subsequent range shifts can be applied to different spatial extents and resolutions and taxa. However, only species distribution models (SDMs) and hybrid methods allow for the exploration of the relationship between species occurrence and environmental variables, and only these methods can be used for forecasting species ranges into future environments. Likewise, the inclusion of ecological processes in range shift calculations requires researchers to use hybrid methods or mechanistic models.Main conclusionsOur review revealed a high diversity of methods and metrics used to quantify species range shifts. As these methods and metrics underlie many of the conservation strategies proposed for climate change mitigation (e.g., protection of refugia), we urge the conservation community to evaluate underlying approaches for defining species ranges and measuring species range shifts with an equal level of scrutiny as the conservation strategies that these methods and metrics enable.
Psychosocial care for children with haemophilia and their parents in the Netherlands
Authors: Limperg P.F. , Haverman L. , Beijlevelt M. , van der Pot M. , Zaal G. , de Boer W.A. , Fijnvandraat K. , Peters M. , Grootenhuis M. A. 
Published: March 2017

IntroductionChildren growing up with haemophilia are at greater risk for psychosocial problems than their healthy peers. Providing psychosocial care to children with haemophilia and their families is indispensable, since psychosocial factors can have a significant impact on health and health‐related quality of life (HRQOL).AimsOur aim was to give a description of psychosocial care provided by the multidisciplinary team of the Hemophilia Comprehensive Care Centre (HCCC) at the Emma Children's Hospital in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. With this overview, other caregivers and hospitals can benefit in organizing their psychosocial care for children with haemophilia.MethodsThe focus of the psychosocial care provided by the multidisciplinary team is on preventing psychosocial problems and medical‐related stress, and supporting and equipping the child with haemophilia and its parents with as many skills as possible to lead an independent life with a high HRQOL.ResultsCore elements of the psychosocial care are therefore monitoring and screening of HRQOL (e.g. in daily clinical practice via www.hetklikt.nu), psychoeducation (haemophilia camp, haemophilia school, disease‐specific activities, meetings for girls, parent meetings), practical help (Emma at Work, an employment agency for adolescents and young adults; Educational Facility and school visits), psychosocial interventions (the On Track group intervention and the Haemophilia Coping and Perception Test) and individual care (psychological counselling and referrals).ConclusionBy providing this overview of psychosocial support offered and by sharing this knowledge, psychosocial care can become more structured and consistent between HCCCs around the world. Potentially, processes and outcomes of care can be improved.