bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computation‐Guided Scope Exploration of a Conjugate Addition/Truce‐Smiles Cascade Reaction for Scaffold Diversification
Authors: Horst Brendan , Gabella Carena Leopoldo J. , Doppert Michael T. , Ham Rens , Hansen Thomas , Ruijter Eelco 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBased on the successful application of a nitroaryl transfer cascade reaction in the total synthesis of various monoterpene indole alkaloids proceeding via fused bicyclic intermediate, we investigated analogous cascade reactions involving spiro, bridged, and alternatively fused bicyclic intermediates. Unfortunately, none of these was found to afford the desired nitroaryl transfer product. DFT studies of the original cascade process revealed that the Truce‐Smiles rearrangement is the rate‐determining step. In addition, we found that the subsequent SO2 extrusion is accompanied by retro‐Mannich ring opening, resulting in a stabilized enolate that only recyclizes after activation of the cyclic imine moiety. Computation of the reaction profiles of the proposed alternative cascade reactions showed that the barrier for the Truce‐Smiles rearrangement is unreasonably high for the bridged and alternatively fused systems, but only moderately higher for the five‐membered spiro system. Reasoning that even more electron‐deficient arenesulfonamides should have a lower barrier for the Truce‐Smiles rearrangement, we synthesized the corresponding 2,4‐dinitrobenzenesulfonamide precursor and found that it indeed smoothly undergoes the nitroaryl transfer cascade at room temperature. In this case, however, the cascade reaction produces a cyclic imine product, as the intermediate 2,4‐dinitrophenyl‐substituted enolate is insufficiently nucleophilic to undergo the Mannich cyclization.
Photocatalytic Regioselective Tandem Cyclization Protocol to Trifluoromethylated Pyrrolidones
Authors: Wang Panpan , Leng Yuting , Sui Kaixia , Jiang Shiliang , Ma Ning , Wu Yangjie 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA new environmentally friendly and efficient strategy for preparing trifluoromethylated pyrrolidones has been developed. The process involves using visible light to induce radical cyclization of 1,5‐dienes with CF3SO2Na, resulting in excellent regioselectivity. This method uses less expensive and easy‐to‐store trifluoromethylation reagents, making it an attractive option. Additionally, the resulting trifluoromethylated pyrrolidones can be easily modified and preliminary mechanistic studies have been presented.
Rhodium(II)‐Catalyzed Denitrogenative Transformations of N‐Sulfonyl‐1,2,3‐Triazoles
Authors: Doraghi Fatemeh , Hossein Morshedsolouk Mohammad , Ghofrani Samaneh , Larijani Bagher , Mahdavi Mohammad 
Published: October 2024

AbstractN‐Sulfonyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles are valuable precursors for the generation of α‐imino carbene intermediates in the presence of the metal catalysts, especially rhodium(II) complexes. Due to the presence of electrophilic carbene and nucleophilic nitrogen, these reactive intermediates can easily be incorporated into many annulations, cycloadditions, C−H or O/N/S−H bond insertions and functionalization reactions. A large number of pharmaceutically important nitrogen‐based building blocks can be constructed via this direct and atom‐economical carbene strategy. In this review, we have described the transformations of N‐sulfonyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles based on α‐imino rhodium(II) carbene intermediates.
Aging damage characteristics of acid‐etched sandstone samples
Authors: Zhao Aohan , Ma Yankun , Zhang Tong , Zhang Xi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTo investigate the erosive damage effect of the acidic solution on sandstone, experiments were conducted to examine the macro‐ and micro‐characteristics of sandstone samples under different acid etching times. Microscopic morphology changes, pore structure characteristics, mineral composition changes, and mechanical response characteristics were obtained before and after acid etching. Finally, a comprehensive evaluation index for acid etching damage was proposed. The results show that: (1) Acidic solution will erode the sandstone skeleton and cause the sandstone to collapse. The etched surface appears “flocculent” and yellow sediment is produced. (2) The pores in sandstone samples are mainly micro‐ and mesopores, and the total porosity increases exponentially with the duration of acid etching. The volume fraction of micropores can reach up to 81.5%. (3) The acid etching process of sandstone samples includes physical diffusion and chemical dissolution, which can be divided into four stages and three regions from the outside to the inside. After acid etching, the uniaxial compression failure mode of the sample changes from shear to mixed shear‐tensile failure. (4) The comprehensive evaluation index based on three failure modes generated during the loading process shows good consistency with the overall changes of characteristics parameters such as elastic modulus, peak stress, and peak strain. The research findings of this paper can provide theoretical support for the assessment of rock mass stability and disaster prevention in acidic environments.
Challenges of slope design for high cut slopes in jointed rock masses
Authors: Dinis João Carlos Carvalho , Lenz Gerold , Pöschl Irmina , Priewasser Robert 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe construction of the 275 m high Yusufeli arch dam and auxiliary structures required the execution of very steep cut slopes with more than 400 m height. Uncertainties regarding the geotechnical conditions imposed a serious challenge for the cut slope design. The design approach evolved from initial back‐calculations to a robust methodology, which was constantly revised and updated as excavation proceeded. The article explains the modular design procedure that allowed continuous interaction, adjustments and updates of and between different design and construction activities. It briefly describes the process of geological data collection and parameter determination and elaborates on the calculation tools utilised for the design. Finally, the verification and updating of the design during construction is explained on a selected case study. The excavation of the Yusufeli Dam was completed in 2018, dam concreting and grouting in 2022, and the final impounding level was reached by the end of 2023.
Examining mothers' obsessive and compulsive behaviors regarding baby care, cyberchondria level and maternal burnout in the postpartum period: Path analysis
Authors: Tiryaki Öznur , Menekşe Dilek , Arsoy Hacer Efnan Melek , Çınar Nursan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the effects of postpartum women's obsessive and compulsive behaviors towards the care of their babies and maternal exhaustion levels on cyberchondria.MethodsThe study, designed as a cross‐sectional and correlation‐seeking study, included 275 mothers. Data were collected from Turkish mothers with maternal burnout scale (MBS), scale for obsessive and compulsive behavıors of mothers ın the postpartum perıod wıth regard to baby care and cyberchondria severity scale (CSS).ResultsA total of 41.8% of the mothers, whose average age was 28.49 ± 5.04, had their first birth, 62.5% of the mothers were feeding their babies with breast milk, and 65.8% had regular sleep. The total mean score of the scales was 24.76 ± 5.15 for T‐MBS, 81.19 ± 22.16 for CSS, and 16.11 ± 10.28 for the obsession scale. There was a statistically significant positive relationship between the maternal burnout and postpartum obsession scales and the cyberchondria severity scale.ConclusionIn the present study, mothers in the postpartum period did not show signs of burnout or obsessive‐compulsive behaviors in the care of their babies, and their cyberchondria severity scores were at a moderate level.
FDT‐Net: Frequency‐Aware Dual‐Branch Transformer‐Based Optic Cup and Optic Disk Segmentation With Parallel Contour Information Mining and Uncertainty‐Guided Refinement
Authors: Gan Jierui , Zhu Hongqing , Qian Tianwei , Liu Jiahao , Chen Ning , Wang Ziying 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAccurate segmentation of the optic cup and disc in fundus images is crucial for the prevention and diagnosis of glaucoma. However, challenges arise due to factors such as blood vessels, and mainstream networks often demonstrate limited capacity in extracting contour information. In this paper, we propose a segmentation framework named FDT‐Net, which is based on a frequency‐aware dual‐branch Transformer (FDBT) architecture with parallel contour information mining and uncertainty‐guided refinement. Specifically, we design a FDBT that operates in the frequency domain. This module leverages the inherent contextual awareness of Transformers and utilizes Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) transformation to mitigate the impact of certain interference factors on segmentation. The FDBT comprises global and local branches that independently extract global and local information, thereby enhancing segmentation results. Moreover, to further mine additional contour information, this study develops the parallel contour information mining (PCIM) module to operate in parallel. These modules effectively capture more details from the edges of the optic cup and disc while avoiding mutual interference, thus optimizing segmentation performance in contour regions. Furthermore, we propose an uncertainty‐guided refinement (UGR) module, which generates and quantifies uncertainty mass and leverages it to enhance model performance based on subjective logic theory. The experimental results on two publicly available datasets demonstrate the superior performance and competitive advantages of our proposed FDT‐Net. The code for this project is available at https://github.com/Rookie49144/FDT‐Net.
Subchronic Toxicity Evaluation of Dietary Administration of a Fungal Biomass From Rhizomucor pusillus
Authors: Scaife Kevin , Phipps Kirt R. , Scalise Daniella , Polgár Olivér 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTFungal‐derived food products align with sustainable food supply principles and offer a sustainable and nutritious option for consumers. Rhizomucor pusillus strain CBS 143028 has emerged as a candidate food ingredient. Fermentation of R. pusillus CBS 143028 results in a mycelium biomass mainly comprising fungal proteins, cell wall components, and micronutrients. Although R. pusillus has a history of safe use in the production of food enzymes and in traditional fermented foods, the fungal biomass obtained after fermentation of R. pusillus CBS 143028 is considered a novel food and requires a thorough safety assessment. To this end, a 90‐day oral toxicity study was conducted in which Wistar rats (10/sex/group) were provided diets containing 0, 100,000, 200,000, or 300,000 ppm of R. pusillus mycelium. Standard toxicity study parameters as given in OECD Test Guideline 408 were examined. The mean achieved dosages of R. pusillus mycelium were 6398, 12,738, or 19,668 mg/kg body weight/day for males and 7235, 14,949, or 22,461 mg/kg body weight/day for females in the low‐, mid‐, and high‐dose groups, respectively. Although statistically significant differences were reported, these effects were not considered biologically relevant or test article‐related due to atypical values in the control groups, the lack of a dose response relationship, or were attributed to normal biological variation. Thus, the no‐observed‐adverse‐effect level (NOAEL) was established at 300,000 ppm (corresponding to 19,668 and 22,461 mg/kg body weight/day for males and females, respectively), the highest concentration tested.
Comparison of Shear‐Wave Elastography USG and CT: Composition Analysis of Rectus Femoris Muscle in Healthy Adults and Chronic Kidney Disease Patients
Authors: Yeom Jisun , Lee Yoo Jin , Yi Jisook , Hahn Seok , Park Bong Soo , Heo Chang Min 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTPurposeThis study aimed to compare shear‐wave elastography (SWE) USG and composition analysis of CT on the right mid‐rectus femoris muscle (RF) in both healthy adults and chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients.MethodsSixty‐three healthy adults and 22 CKD patients were included. One musculoskeletal radiologist performed right RF SWE USG, while two radiologists measured shear‐wave velocity (SWV) from the same SWE images. CT scan was performed, and muscle composition was measured using imageJ, categorized into four HU‐based compositions. Interobserver agreement for SWV between two readers was evaluated. Correlations between SWV and CT compositions were analyzed using Pearson's or Spearman's correlation.ResultsSWV of healthy group was significantly higher than CKD group by each reader (p = 0.030 and 0.038). The percentage of low‐density muscle was higher in CKD group than healthy group (p < 0.001), and the percentage of normal density muscle was higher in healthy group than CKD (p < 0.001) by each reader. Interobserver agreement of SWV by the two readers was almost perfect in both groups (k = 0.957–0.984, 0.959–0.993). There was a statistically significant correlation between SWV and the percentage of normal density muscle on CT in both healthy adults and CKD patient groups (Reader 1, r = 0.318–0.480, p = 0.001 and 0.024; Reader 2, r = 0.511–0.518, p < 0.001 and p = 0.013).ConclusionsSWV demonstrated a significant correlation with the percentage of normal density muscle on CT in both healthy adults and CKD patients by each reader. SWE provides a radiation‐free approach that may offer an objective method for evaluating muscle quality, potentially making it an option for muscle monitoring.
No difference in patient‐reported outcomes or range of motion between ultracongruent and posterior stabilized total knee arthroplasty: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Macedo Fernando , Lucas João , Cunha Patrícia , Rocha Miguel , Cerqueira Rui , Basto Tiago , Moura João 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPurposeUltracongruent (UC) inserts were designed to overcome potential issues with posterior stabilized (PS) inserts, including bone resection, post‐breakage, and patellar clunk syndrome. However, there remains a shortage of high‐quality studies directly comparing this insert design to the established PS Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA). This prospective randomized controlled trial (RCT) aimed to compare clinical outcomes, range of motion, and complications of UC and PS TKA.MethodsNinety six patients with primary knee osteoarthritis were randomly assigned to either the PS or the UC group. There were no significant differences between the groups regarding age, body mass index, sex, or Osteoarthritis grade. The measured outcomes were Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and Range of Motion (ROM), recorded preoperatively and at 3 and 6 months postoperative. Both the patient and interviewer were blinded to the allocation group.ResultsEighty one patients were included in the analysis, with a mean follow‐up of 1.3 years. Both groups exhibited a gradual improvement in KOOS. Still, no statistically significant differences were observed between the groups during the follow‐up examinations at 3 or 6 months in KOOS or range of motion. No complication occurred in either group during the follow‐up period.ConclusionBoth designs demonstrated comparable positive outcomes, reinforcing the viability of UC designs as an alternative to the well‐established PS TKA.Levels of EvidenceLevel l, randomized controlled trial.
Refeeding syndrome and vitamin B1 deficiency in a young man with normal body mass index following starvation in the COVID‐19 era
Authors: Tsuji Naoaki , Okumura Hisatoshi , Inaba Satoshi , Kaneko Akihito , Kawashima Atsushi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCOVID‐19 has spread worldwide and significantly influenced economies. Refeeding syndrome (RFS) is a potentially fatal abnormalities of electrolytes and fluid that can occur in malnourished patients undergoing mechanical refeeding. Herein, we report the case of a man in his 20s with a normal body mass index who presented with RFS and vitamin B1 deficiency. Although it was uncommon under normal circumstances, it occurred because of the severe social situations that were prevalent in the COVID‐19 era. In this era, physicians should carefully evaluate their patients' nutritional status to identify those at risk for RFS, even in young individuals.
Frailty as a predictor of adverse outcomes in patients with hepatectomy ‐ the importance of design studies to improve frailty: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of 128 868 patients
Authors: Zhang Fei , Yan Ying , Li Baifeng , Ge Chunlin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundFrailty has been associated with increased mortality among patients with surgery. However, evidence about the frailty prevalence and outcomes in frail populations with hepatectomy is inconsistent and has not been clarified. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively synthesize the prevalence of frailty and the role of frailty on mortality in patients with hepatectomy.MethodsEmbase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for eligible studies that explored the prevalence and impact of frailty in hepatectomy from inception until January 24, 2024. The pooled prevalence of frailty and odds ratio (OR) corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) in mortality and major complications estimates were analyzed.ResultsA total of 26 studies containing 128 868 patients with hepatectomy were included. The prevalence of frailty in hepatectomy was 23% (95% CI: 17–28; p = .000). Frailty was associated with an increased odds ratio for mortality (adjusted OR = 3.06; 95% CI: 1.85–5.04; p = .000). Furthermore, frailty was significantly associated with an increased odds ratio for major complications (adjusted OR = 3.20; 95% CI: 2.04–5.04; p < .01).ConclusionThe prevalence of frailty in patients with hepatectomy is prevalent, which has a significant adverse impact on the outcomes of patients with hepatectomy. These findings highlight the importance of frailty assessment in this population, which may provide prognostic details.
Metabolic management of a successful pregnancy and postpartum complications in fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphatase deficiency
Authors: Ferguson Callie , Madison Anita , Hamosh Ada , Koerner Celide 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFructose‐1,6‐bisphosphatase (FBPase) deficiency is a rare, inborn error of metabolism, that causes hypoglycemia and lactic acidosis in response to inadequate glucose intake and/or high intakes of fructose, sucrose, or sorbitol. Pregnancy in women with FBPase deficiency puts them at high risk for metabolic decompensation due to increased glucose demands from the growing fetus. Here we report a 31‐year‐old primipara who was treated starting at 14 weeks gestation with a diet high in complex carbohydrates and low in fructose, sucrose, and sorbitol and close monitoring of glucose levels throughout her pregnancy. She delivered a healthy 2860 g baby at 37 weeks via vaginal delivery with no complications or hypoglycemia. At 5 months postpartum and 5 months of life, the patient and baby are doing well, although the patient experienced an episode of hypoglycemia and lactic acidosis at 4 months postpartum due to the increased metabolic demands of breastfeeding. This report adds to the limited case reports that discuss outcomes and proposed interventions during pregnancy in individuals with FBPase deficiency.
Relay strip intercropping of soybeans and maize achieves high net ecosystem economic benefits by boosting land output and alleviating greenhouse gas emissions
Authors: Fu Zhidan , Chen Ping , Luo Kai , Lin Ping , Li Yiling , Pu Tian , Li Yuze , Wu Yushan , Wang Xiaochun , Yang Wenyu , Yong Taiwen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDCereal–legume intercropping provides a solution for achieving global food security, but the mechanism of greenhouse gas emissions and net ecosystem economic benefits of maize–soybean relay intercropping are poorly understood. Hence, we conducted a two‐factor experiment to investigate the effects of cropping systems, containing maize–soybean relay intercropping (IMS), monoculture maize (M) and monoculture soybean (S), as well as three nitrogen levels at 0 (N0), 180 (N1), 240 (N2) kg N ha−1 on crop grain yield, greenhouse gas emissions, soil carbon stock and net ecosystem economic benefit (NEEB).RESULTSThe average grain yield of IMS (7.7 t ha−1) increased by 28.5% and 242.4% compared with M (6.0 t ha−1) and S (2.2 t ha−1). The land equivalent ratio (LER) of IMS was 2.0, which was mainly contributed by maize (partial LER: 1.2) rather than soybean (partial LER: 0.8). Although the total grain yield of IMS remarkably enhanced by 43.6% and 45.5% in N1 and N2 contrast in N0, the LER was 37.5% and 38.6% lower in N1 and N2 than in N0. The net global warming potential (GWP) of maize and soybean was 11.6% and 1.8% lower in IMS than in the corresponding monoculture, which resulted from a decline in GWP and enhanced soil organic carbon stock rate. Moreover, NEEB was 133.5% higher in IMS (14 032.0 Chinese yuan per year) than in M, mainly resulting from an increase in total economic gains and a decline in GWP cost. A more robust response in yield gain rather than total costs to N inputs of IMS led to 46.8% and 48.3% higher NEEB in N1 and N2 than in N0.CONCLUSIONMaize–soybean relay intercropping with 180 kg N ha−1 application can obtain yield advantages without raising environmental costs, which provides an approach to achieving sustainable agricultural production. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Identification of genes governing YMD resistance in soybean cultivar SL 958
Authors: Mandahal Kamalpreet Singh , Meghana Danda Prasad , Sirari Asmita , Bhatia Dharminder , Garcha Karmvir Singh , Gill Balwinder Singh 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDYellow mosaic disease (YMD) is the most devastating disease of soybean under north Indian conditions. A recombinant inbred line population derived from SL 958 (R) × AGS 456 (S) was used to map the genes imparting YMD resistance. Genotyping by sequencing (GBS) of 148 individuals and the parents was used to identify polymorphic SNPs in the population. These were used to generate linkage maps and subsequently map the QTL.RESULTSA QTL, MYMIV 1‐1.1, was mapped onto chromosome 6. The QTL was mapped at a genetic distance of 114.31 cM, with likelihood ratio of 81.34 (LOD 17.68), explaining 33.80% of the variation for the trait, with an additive effect of 1.22. MYMIV 1‐1.1 was flanked by SNPs Gm06_12614920 explaining 33.80% of variation and Gm06_12887789 explaining 31.04% of the variation. The QTL region spanned for a total of 2.798 Mbp.CONCLUSIONThe QTL was mapped in an approximately 4 cM region. Flanking SNPs can be developed into linked markers for effective marker‐assisted selection. Out of the genes in the QTL region, Glyma.06G161700 (Suppressor of Gene Silencing/SGS3) is the strongest contender for the resistance gene. This is the first study documenting GBS‐based mapping of YMD resistance in soybean. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.