bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depression motivates quit attempts but predicts relapse: differential findings for gender from the International Tobacco Control Study
Authors: Cooper Jae , Borland Ron , McKee Sherry A. , Yong Hua‐Hie , Dugué Pierre‐Antoine 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAimsTo determine whether signs of current depression predict attempts to quit smoking, and short‐term abstinence among those who try, and to test moderating effects of gender and cessation support (pharmacological and behavioural).DesignProspective cohort with approximately annual waves. Among smokers at one wave we assessed outcomes at the next wave using mixed‐effects logistic regressions.SettingWaves 5–8 of the Four Country International Tobacco Control Study: a quasi‐experimental cohort study of smokers from Canada, USA, UK and Australia.ParticipantsA total of 6811 tobacco smokers who participated in telephone surveys.MeasurementsThree‐level depression index: (1) neither low positive affect (LPA) nor negative affect (NA) in the last 4 weeks; (2) LPA and/or NA but not diagnosed with depression in the last 12 months; and (3) diagnosed with depression. Outcomes were quit attempts and 1‐month abstinence among attempters.FindingsDepression positively predicted quit attempts, but not after controlling for quitting history and motivational variables. Controlling for all covariates, depression consistently negatively predicted abstinence. Cessation support did not moderate this effect. There was a significant interaction with gender for quit attempts (P = 0.018) and abstinence (P = 0.049) after controlling for demographics, but not after all covariates. Depression did not predict abstinence among men. Among women, depressive symptoms [odds ratio (OR) = 0.63, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.49–0.81] and diagnosis (OR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.34–0.63) negatively predicted abstinence.ConclusionsSmokers with depressive symptoms or diagnosis make more quit attempts than their non‐depressed counterparts, which may be explained by higher motivation to quit, but they are also more likely to relapse in the first month. These findings are stronger in women than men.
Clinical outcomes of patients infected with HIV through use of injected drugs compared to patients infected through sexual transmission: late presentation, delayed anti‐retroviral treatment and higher mortality
Authors: Suárez‐García Inés , Sobrino‐Vegas Paz , Dalmau David , Rubio Rafael , Iribarren José Antonio , Blanco José Ramón , Gutierrez Félix , Montero Alonso Marta , Bernal Enrique , Vinuesa García David , del Amo Julia ,   Cohort of the Spanish HIV Research Network (CoRIS)
Published: February 2016

AbstractAimsTo compare patients who acquired HIV infection through use of injected drugs (HIV‐IDU) with patients who acquired HIV by sexual transmission (HIV‐ST) in terms of late presentation (LP), delay in anti‐retroviral treatment (ART) initiation, virological and immunological response to ART, mortality and progression to AIDS.DesignProspective multi‐centre cohort study of HIV‐infected subjects naive to ART at entry (Cohort of the Spanish HIV Research Network: CoRIS).SettingThirty‐one centres from the Spanish public health‐care system.ParticipantsA total of 9355 patients were included (1064 HIV‐IDU and 8291 HIV‐ST) during 2004–13.MeasurementsWe compared LP (defined as presentation for care with a CD4 cell count < 350/μl and/or AIDS‐defining illness), delayed ART initiation (defined as initiating treatment more than 6 months after the date when treatment was indicated by the guidelines, or not initiating treatment at all when it was indicated), virological and immunological response to ART (defined as viral load < 50 HIV‐1 RNA copies/ml and a CD4 count increase of at least 100 cells/μl, respectively, after 1 year of treatment), mortality and progression to AIDS in HIV‐IDU and HIV‐ST.FindingsCompared with HIV‐ST, HIV‐IDU had higher risk of LP [odds ratio (OR) = 1.76; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.41–2.18], delayed ART initiation (OR 1.87; 95% CI = 1.46–2.40) and higher mortality [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.43; 95% CI = 1.03–2.01] and risk of progression to AIDS [subhazard ratio (SHR) = 1.68; 95% CI = 1.29–2.18]. Virological suppression due to ART was lower in HIV‐IDU than in patients with HIV‐ST only among patients without hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection [adjusted OR (aOR) = 0.59; 95% CI = 0.36–0.95]; among patients with HCV infection, virological suppression due to ART did not show significant differences between HIV‐IDU and HIV‐ST. There were no significant differences in immunological response after adjusting by HCV (aOR = 0.74; 95% CI = 0.52–1.06).ConclusionsIn Spain, patients who acquire HIV infection through use of injected drugs appear to have a higher risk of late presentation, delayed initiation of anti‐retroviral treatment and progression to AIDS and death than patients who acquire HIV by sexual transmission.
Long‐term outcomes of hepatic resection for colorectal liver metastases at a New Zealand tertiary level public hospital
Authors: Foo Elizabeth W. , Moore Tom , Harris Dean , Yi Ma , Connor Saxon 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundColorectal cancer is common with half of all patients developing metastases to the liver. The aim of this study was to document the survival for patients undergoing liver resection for colorectal cancer metastases.MethodA review of all patients undergoing hepatic resection for colorectal liver metastases at a New Zealand tertiary level public hospital over a 9‐year period was performed.ResultsPrimary survival outcomes assessed were overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS). Of the 116 patients followed‐up with a median (range) of 53 (10–116) months, the OS at 5 years was 53%. Median survival was 6.5 years. At end of follow‐up, 57% of patients were alive and 49% were alive without recurrence. The overall rate of recurrence was 39%.ConclusionThis study confirms that excellent long term survival can be achieved with hepatic resection for colorectal liver metastases.
Genetic differences between paediatric and adult Burkitt lymphomas
Authors: Havelange Violaine , Pepermans Xavier , Ameye Geneviève , Théate Ivan , Callet‐Bauchu Evelyne , Barin Carole , Penther Dominique , Lippert Eric , Michaux Lucienne , Mugneret Francine , Dastugue Nicole , Raphaël Martine , Vikkula Miikka , Poirel Hélène A. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryDysregulation of MYC is the genetic hallmark of Burkitt lymphoma (BL) but it is encountered in other aggressive mature B‐cell lymphomas. MYC dysregulation needs other cooperating events for BL development. We aimed to characterize these events and assess the differences between adult and paediatric BLs that may explain the different outcomes in these two populations. We analysed patterns of genetic aberrations in a series of 24 BLs: 11 adults and 13 children. We looked for genomic imbalances (copy number variations), copy‐neutral loss of heterozygosity (CN‐LOH) and mutations in TP53, CDKN2A, ID3 (exon 1), TCF3 (exon17) and CCND3 (exon 6). Young patients displayed more frequent 13q31.3q32.1 amplification, 7q32q36 gain and 5q23.3 CN‐LOH, while 17p13 and 18q21.3 CN‐LOH were only detected in adult BLs. ID3 mutations were present in all adult samples, but only in 42% of childhood cases. CCND3 and ID3 double‐hit mutations, as well as 18q21 CN‐LOH, seemed to be associated with poorer outcome. For the first time, we report different genetic anomalies between adult and paediatric BLs, suggesting age‐related heterogeneity in Burkitt lymphomagenesis. This may explain the poorer prognosis of adult BLs. Additional studies are needed to confirm these results in the setting of clinical trials.
Reduced rate of sickle‐related complications in Brazilian patients carrying HbF‐promoting alleles at the BCL11A and HMIP‐2 loci
Authors: Leonardo Flávia C. , Brugnerotto Ana F. , Domingos Igor F. , Fertrin Kleber Y. , de Albuquerque Dulcinéia M. , Bezerra Marcos A. C. , Araújo Aderson S. , Saad Sara T. O. , Costa Fernando F. , Menzel Stephan , Conran Nicola , Thein Swee Lay 
Published: February 2016

SummaryThe presence of high levels of fetal haemoglobin (HbF) provides well‐validated clinical benefits to patients with sickle cell anaemia (SCA). Nevertheless it has been difficult to show clear direct effects of the known genetic HbF modifiers, such as the enhancer polymorphisms for haematopoietic transcription factors BCL11A and MYB, on SCA severity. Investigating SCA patients from Brazil, with a high degree of European genetic admixture, we have detected strong effects of these variants on HbF levels. Critically, we have shown, for the first time, that the presence of such HbF‐promoting variants leads to a reduced rate of SCA complications, especially stroke.
Using GIS and streamlined landforms to interpret palaeo‐ice flow in northern Iceland
Authors: Principato Sarah M. , Moyer Alexis N. , Hampsch Alyson G. , Ipsen Heather A. 
Published: February 2016

The properties of streamlined glacial landforms and palaeo‐flow indicators in the valleys of Viðidalur, Vatnsdalur and Svínadalur in northern Iceland were quantified using spatial analyses. Drumlins and mega‐scale glacial lineations (MSGL) were visually identified using satellite imagery from Google Earth, the National Land Survey of Iceland (NLSI) Map Viewer and Landsat satellites, and using aerial photographs from the NLSI. A semi‐automated technique was developed using ENVI to determine regions in northern Iceland likely to contain streamlined landforms. The outlines of the identified landforms were manually delineated in Google Earth, and all analyses were conducted in ArcGIS using a 20 m digital elevation model (DEM) of Iceland from the NLSI. Smaller features such as flutes, grooves and striations were measured in the field. At least 543 drumlins and 90 MSGL were identified in the three valleys. Average elongation ratios for Viðidalur, Vatnsdalur and Svínadalur are 4.3:1, 5.2:1 and 6.7:1, respectively. The average density of streamlined landforms is 2.34 landforms per 1 km2. Striations and orientation data of the drumlins and MSGL demonstrate ice flow to the northwest into Húnaflói. Parallel conformity is higher in the valley of Svínadalur (9° standard deviation) than in Viðidalur (12°) and Vatnsdalur (16°). Packing values are generally higher in the centre of each valley. The properties of streamlined landforms in the valleys of Viðidalur, Vatnsdalur and Svínadalur support the presence of palaeo‐ice stream activity on northern Iceland. Palaeo‐ice streams flowed from these regions into Húnaflói, supplying ice to the margin of the Iceland Ice Sheet during the Last Glacial Maximum. These palaeo‐ice streams provide a mechanism for ice centres from the mainland of Iceland to reach the shelf‐slope break.
Identification of sirtuin 1 as a promising therapeutic target for hypertrophic scars
Authors: Bai Xiao‐Zhi , Liu Jia‐Qi , Yang Long‐Long , Fan Lei , He Ting , Su Lin‐Lin , Shi Ji‐Hong , Tang Chao‐Wu , Zheng Zhao , Hu Da‐Hai 
Published: February 2016

Background and PurposeSirtuin1 (SIRT1), the founding member of mammalian class III histone deacetylases, is reported to be a drug target involved in fibrotic diseases. However, whether it is an effective drug target in hypertrophic scar treatment is still not known.Experimental ApproachIn the present study, we observed that SIRT1 localized to both the epidermis and the dermis of skin tissues by immunohistochemistry. After knock‐down of SIRT1 by shRNA or up‐regulating SIRT1 by resveratrol, the expression of α‐SMA, Col1 and Col3 in fibroblasts were detected by western blots. A mouse excision wound healing model was used to observe the changes in collagen fibre associated with the different expression levels of SIRT1.Key ResultsSIRT1 expression was inhibited in hypertrophic scar tissue. The down‐regulation of SIRT1 resulted in an increased expression of α‐SMA, Col1 and Col3 in hypertrophic scar‐derived fibroblasts. In contrast, the up‐regulation of SIRT1 not only inhibited the expression of α‐SMA, Col1 and Col3 in hypertrophic scar‐derived fibroblasts but also blocked the activation of TGFβ1‐induced normal skin‐derived fibroblasts. In the mouse model of wound healing, the deletion of SIRT1 resulted in denser collagen fibres and a more disordered structure, whereas resveratrol treatment led to a more organized and thinner collagen fibre, which was similar to that observed during normal wound healing.Conclusions and ImplicationsThe results revealed that SIRT1 negatively regulates TGFβ1‐induced fibroblast activation and inhibits excessive scar formation and is, therefore, a promising drug target for hypertrophic scar formation.
Motherhood as a Gendered Entitlement: Intentionality, “Othering,” and Homosociality in the Online Infertility Community
Authors: Whitehead Krista 
Published: February 2016

La maternité est un des plus grands rites de passage vers la féminité adulte chez les femmes. Cependant, toutes les femmes n'ont pas accès à cette maternité. Dans cet article, j'explore la communauté des personnes infertiles en ligne, dans lesquelles les femmes traient de leur exclusion et expriment leur incrédulité face à la perspective d'avoir un enfant biologique. Les femmes considèrent leur infertilité comme une injustice, ce qui les mène à revendiquer cette maternité. Je soutiens que la façon dont les femmes revendiquent la maternité change notre compréhension de la maternité comme norme du genre féminin. La maternité est plus que la poursuite d'une identité du genre féminin; c'est également un droit de la femme. Cette recherche pousse en avant les conceptualisations analytiques de la maternité, tout en enrichissant de façon empirique nos connaissances face à l'homosocialité des femmes.Motherhood is one of the most enduring rites of passage to adult femininity for women. However, not all women have access to motherhood. In this paper, I explore the online infertility community wherein women blog to process their exclusion, expressing incredulity about the prospect of never having a biological child of their own. Women understand their infertility as an injustice, leading them to lay claim to motherhood. I argue that how women lay claim to motherhood changes our understanding of motherhood as a gendered norm. Motherhood is more than a pursuit of a gender identity; it is also a gendered entitlement. This research pushes analytic conceptualizations of motherhood forward, while also empirically enriching our knowledge about women's homosociality.
Children's experiences about a structured assessment of health‐related quality of life during a patient encounter
Authors: Petersson C. , Huus K. , Åkesson K. , Enskär K. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundIt has been stated that care for children with chronic health conditions tends to focus on condition‐specific issues rather than how these children experience their health and everyday life functioning.AimThe aim of this study was to explore children's experiences about a structured assessment of health‐related quality of life applied during a patient encounter.MethodsPrior to the start of the study, a clinical intervention based on the questionnaire DISABKIDS Chronic Generic Measure (DCGM‐37) was performed. A qualitative explorative design was chosen, and 25 children between 10–17 years of age were interviewed after the consultation at four different paediatric outpatient clinics. Data were analysed according to qualitative content analysis.ResultsThe results were twofold: children experienced that the assessment was providing them with insights about their health, which motivated them to make lifestyle changes. When outcomes were discussed and requested, the children felt encouraged.ConclusionsThe use of an assessment of health‐related quality of life may promote insights about health and encourage children with chronic health conditions to discuss their outcomes with healthcare professionals.
Measuring the short‐term impact of fluoridation cessation on dental caries in Grade 2 children using tooth surface indices
Authors: McLaren Lindsay , Patterson Steven , Thawer Salima , Faris Peter , McNeil Deborah , Potestio Melissa , Shwart Luke 
Published: February 2016

AbstractObjectivesTo examine the short‐term impact of fluoridation cessation on children's caries experience measured by tooth surfaces. If there is an adverse short‐term effect of cessation, it should be apparent when we focus on smooth tooth surfaces, where fluoride is most likely to have an impact for the age group and time frame considered in this study.MethodsWe examined data from population‐based samples of school children (Grade 2) in two similar cities in the province of Alberta, Canada: Calgary, where cessation occurred in May 2011 and Edmonton where fluoridation remains in place. We analysed change over time (2004/2005 to 2013/2014) in summary data for primary (defs) and permanent (DMFS) teeth for Calgary and Edmonton, for all tooth surfaces and smooth surfaces only. We also considered, for 2013/2014 only, the exposed subsample defined as lifelong residents who reported usually drinking tap water.ResultsWe observed, across the full sample, an increase in primary tooth decay (mean defs – all surfaces and smooth surfaces) in both cities, but the magnitude of the increase was greater in Calgary (F‐cessation) than in Edmonton (F‐continued). For permanent tooth decay, when focusing on smooth surfaces among those affected (those with DMFS>0), we observed a non‐significant trend towards an increase in Calgary (F‐cessation) that was not apparent in Edmonton (F‐continued).ConclusionsTrends observed for primary teeth were consistent with an adverse effect of fluoridation cessation on children's tooth decay, 2.5–3 years post‐cessation. Trends for permanent teeth hinted at early indication of an adverse effect. It is important that future data collection efforts in the two cities be undertaken, to permit continued monitoring of these trends.
Distinct activation of primary human BDCA1+ dendritic cells upon interaction with stressed or infected β cells
Authors: Schulte B M , Kers-Rebel E D , Bottino R , Piganelli J D , Galama J M D , Engelse M A , de Koning E J P , Adema G J 
Published: February 2016

SummaryDerailment of immune responses can lead to autoimmune type 1 diabetes, and this can be accelerated or even induced by local stress caused by inflammation or infection. Dendritic cells (DCs) shape both innate and adaptive immune responses. Here, we report on the responses of naturally occurring human myeloid BDCA1+ DCs towards differentially stressed pancreatic β cells. Our data show that BDCA1+ DCs in human pancreas-draining lymph node (pdLN) suspensions and blood-derived BDCA1+ DCs both effectively engulf β cells, thus mimicking physiological conditions. Upon uptake of enterovirus-infected, but not mock-infected cells, BDCA1+ DCs induced interferon (IFN)-α/β responses, co-stimulatory molecules and proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Notably, induction of stress in β cells by ultraviolet irradiation, culture in serum-free medium or cytokine-induced stress did not provoke strong DC activation, despite efficient phagocytosis. DC activation correlated with the amount of virus used to infect β cells and required RNA within virally infected cells. DCs encountering enterovirus-infected β cells, but not those incubated with mock-infected or stressed β cells, suppressed T helper type 2 (Th2) cytokines and variably induced IFN-γ in allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). Thus, stressed β cells have little effect on human BDCA1+ DC activation and function, while enterovirus-infected β cells impact these cells significantly, which could help to explain their role in development of autoimmune diabetes in individuals at risk.
Contralateral tension pneumothorax during video‐assisted thorascoscopic surgery for lung cancer: a case report
Authors: Arai Hiromasa , Tajiri Michihiko , Ebuchi Keigo , Ando Kohei , Okudela Koji , Gamo Masahiro , Masuda Munetaka 
Published: February 2016

AbstractContralateral tension pneumothorax during one‐lung ventilation is a rare but catastrophic surgical complication. A 72‐year‐old Japanese male with lung cancer underwent right upper lobectomy with video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery. Despite use of various methods for maintaining oxygenation during one‐lung ventilation, percutaneous oxygen saturation was unstable from the start of surgery and suddenly decreased with a drop in blood pressure. An intraoperative chest X‐ray revealed a tension pneumothorax of the dependent lung. Insertion of a chest drain saved the patient's life. This case suggests that a contralateral tension pneumothorax should be considered as a possible cause when adequate oxygenation cannot be maintained during one‐lung ventilation.
Effect of metformin therapy on circulating amino acids in a randomized trial: the CAMERA study
Authors: Preiss D. , Rankin N. , Welsh P. , Holman R. R. , Kangas A. J. , Soininen P. , Würtz P. , Ala‐Korpela M. , Sattar N. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAimsTo investigate whether metformin therapy alters circulating aromatic and branched‐chain amino acid concentrations, increased levels amino acid concentrations, increased levels of which have been found to predict Type 2 diabetes.MethodsIn the Carotid Atherosclerosis: Metformin for Insulin Resistance (CAMERA) study (NCT00723307), 173 individuals without Type 2 diabetes, but with coronary disease, were randomized to metformin (n=86) or placebo (n=87) for 18 months. Plasma samples, taken every 6 months, were analysed using quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Ten metabolites consisting of eight amino acids [three branched‐chain (isoleucine, leucine, valine), three aromatic (tyrosine, phenylalanine, histidine) and two other amino acids (alanine, glutamine)], lactate and pyruvate were quantified and analysed using repeated‐measures models. On‐treatment analyses were conducted to investigate whether amino acid changes were dependent on changes in weight, fat mass or insulin resistance estimated using homeostasis model assessment (HOMA‐IR).ResultsTyrosine decreased [−6.1 μmol/l (95% CI −8.5, ‐3.7); P<0.0001], while alanine [42 umol/l (95% CI 25, 59); P<0.0001] increased in the metformin‐treated group compared with the placebo‐treated group. Decreases in phenylalanine [−2.0 μmol/l (95% CI −3.6, −0.3); P=0.018] and increases in histidine [2.3 μmol/l (95% CI 0.1, 4.6); P=0.045] were also observed in the metformin group, although these changes were less statistically robust. Changes in these four amino acids were not accounted for by changes in weight, fat mass or HOMA‐IR values. Levels of branched‐chain amino acids, glutamine, pyruvate and lactate were not altered by metformin therapy.ConclusionsMetformin therapy results in a sustained and specific pattern of changes in aromatic amino acid and alanine concentrations. These changes are independent of any effects on weight and insulin sensitivity. Any causal link to metformin's unexplained cardiometabolic benefit requires further study.