bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The tragedy of the commons: a Mean-Field Game approach to the reversal of travelling waves
Authors: Kobeissi Ziad , Mazari-Fouquer Idriss , Ruiz-Balet Domènec 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The goal of this paper is to investigate an instance of the tragedy of the commons in spatially distributed harvesting games. The model we choose is that of a fishes’ population governed by a parabolic bistable equation and that fishermen harvest. We assume that, when no fisherman is present, the fishes’ population is invading (mathematically, there is an invading travelling front). Is it possible that fishermen, when each of them is acting selfishly in his or her own best interest, might lead to a reversal of the travelling wave and, consequently, to an extinction of the global population? To answer this question, we model the behaviour of individual fishermen using a Mean Field Game approach, and we show that the answer is yes. Up to our knowledge, this is the first theoretical work proving that a pool of common resources might go extinct due to the uncoordinated action of a large number of selfish and greedy agents. Additionally, we prove that adding coordination may result in higher outcome for each individual agent, while still guaranteeing the survival of the fishes’ population.
Extreme value statistics of first-passage trajectories of resetting Brownian motion in an interval
Authors: Huang Feng , Chen Hanshuang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this work, we consider one-dimensional resetting Brownian motion confined in a unit interval with absorbing boundaries at both ends. The Brownian particle is reset to the starting position x
0 at random times but with a constant rate r, and the process terminates whenever the particle touches any of absorbing boundaries. We study the statistics of the span S, defined as the size of the visited domain during the first-passage process, and the time tm
at which the maximum (minimum) displacement is achieved when the particle is absorbed by the left (right) end. We analytically obtain the distribution of S and its mean value. The distribution of S can be significantly altered by the resetting, and the mean value of S can increase, decrease, or remain insignificant as r increases, depending on the value of x
0. Moreover, we find that the mean value

⟨

t
m

⟩

has a highly nontrivial dependence on r. When x
0 is close to the boundary,

⟨

t
m

⟩

can be reduced by the resetting, and a nonzero resetting rate

r
=

r

opt

exists for which

⟨

t
m

⟩

attains its minimum. Otherwise,

⟨

t
m

⟩

has its minimum when the resetting is absent. We observe that the transition occurs at

x
0

≈
0.180

67

(or

x
0

≈
0.819

33

). Such a transition is first-order, characterized by an abrupt jump of

r

opt

from a nonzero value to zero at the transition point.
Math behind smart contracts
Authors: Omar Hala S. , Diab Tamer O. , El sobky Wageda I. , Elsisy M. A. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This paper presents how smart contracts are based on mathematics. Smart contracts rely on mathematics to guarantee their immutability, security, and enforceability. Cryptographic procedures that are used to safeguard and confirm the contract’s implementation, including hash functions and digital signatures, might be used to illustrate this. Mathematical approaches known as hash functions embrace an input of arbitrary size and generate a fixed-size digest or hash. It is impossible to go backwards the process and ascertain the input from the outcome since the outcome is specific to the input. Digital signature techniques are used for digitally signing smart contracts. The most well-known digital signature schemes—Schnorr, Elgamal, and Elliptic curve schemes—that are employed in smart contracts are described in this research.
Proposing urban park coverage area using spatial configuration approach towards the more sustainable movement in Malang City
Authors: Siregar J P , Salsabillah A P , Sasongko W 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Urban parks contribute to the sustainability particularly due to its social, functions. Regarding this, the issue of sustainability concerns not only the provision of urban parks but also the accessibility or movement to the parks. The main focus of this research was the investigation of the two issues using the notions of service coverage and spatial configuration. This study used 20 urban parks in Malang City as unit analyses. The overall analyses were in four stages: spatial configuration, the analysis of people’s preference and travel distance, correlation analysis, and lastly, proposing the urban parks coverage area. The spatial configuration analysis found that the urban parks distributed across the city with particular integration values. On the other hand, the respondents visited parks located in different districts across the city by 80.49%. As the result, there was a moderate correlation between the integration values and the number of respondents’ visit by 0.58 and a very high correlation between the integration values and the average travel distance by -0.847. Finally, the study proposed ten urban parks with the city coverage based on the correlation and the higher Z-scores.
The dynamics of urban structure and form as a tool for rejuvinating the image of the path and edge of the city in anticipation of urban sprawl
Authors: Nusantara Danna Prasetya , Ardiarini Dhesya , Ningrum Aryani Praba 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The internal structure and shape of the city changed due to the impact of the urbanization phenomenon (population explosion), so that people have to make movements towards the city center which results in internal congestion. Urban of Rembang and Lasem are areas that need to anticipate urban sprawl based on the road network system (path) and the boundaries (edges) of urban development. It is suspected that the existence of a second core city influences changes in the system of activity centers and the road network as a whole so that changes also occur in the morphology of the shape of the city, as well as paths and edges in the city image to resolve internal congestion and control the city development. Quantitative methods with analysis techniques (gravity and population projections) are used to produce population size and allocation, and weighted kernel density to determine city structure after population explosion. Selected observations are used to determine paths and edges (city images) that are able to revitalize and limit city development. The expected result is to identify changes in city paths and edges in anticipation of city development after the population explosion.
Developing pocket park in densely-populated neighbourhood in urban areas to leverage the community’s quality of life
Authors: Dewi Santy Paulla , Mussadun  
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Providing public space in urban areas is challenging due to limited land, mainly in densely populated neighborhoods. People, including children, carry out outdoor activities on the roads, which are dangerous and disturb the comfort of road users. Furthermore, the absence of public space hampers economic activity and reduces environmental quality. Pocket parks are considered a strategy to provide public space in dense urban areas, such as small-scale parks as recreation arenas or open spaces located on riverbanks, railway borders, and vacant buildings. This article examines the possibility of implementing pocket parks, especially in Central Semarang District, which has the slightest green open space. The research method is a qualitative method, using secondary data and field observations. The research starts by determining potential locations for pocket parks using spatial analysis, determining the pocket park type from population number and age structure, availability of vacant land, and land use variables using weighting analysis. Afterward, formulate pocket park design elements according to the community and the physical environment characteristics. The research output is the potential distribution of pocket parks in Central Semarang District, which meet the public space demand for urban communities to improve the environment’s quality.
Exploring the inclusivity of Jakarta’s child-friendly integrated public spaces (RPTRA) through qualitative analysis of google map reviews
Authors: Saragih V , Toyyibah W , Kurniawan A , Kusuma H 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Open space is an essential urban element where diverse societies gather and socialize. Inclusive design is crucial for urban open spaces to accommodate the diversity of cultures, especially in sprawling cities like Jakarta. Jakarta has developed 324 child-friendly open spaces (RPTRA) since 2015, distributed across the city for direct community benefits. However, no research discusses inclusivity in RPTRA development, which is essential for developing a more inclusive RPTRA in the future. Through qualitative exploratory study, this research aims to identify factors influencing inclusivity in open spaces, especially RTPRA in Jakarta. Data was gathered from literature and Google Reviews on RPTRA inclusivity in Jakarta and analyzed using content analysis with JMP tools, with RPTRA sample sizes determined using the Apify tool. Research results show that factors to consider in designing child-friendly, inclusive public spaces are based on four priority aspects: child-friendly activities, child-friendly facilities, environmental quality, and supporting facilities. Prioritizing these aspects can significantly contribute to RPTRA inclusivity, offering insights for architects, urban designers, and planners while contributing to academic knowledge on inclusivity in open space design derived from user perceptions, highlighting the importance of incorporating diverse perspectives in planning and design.
A modified lightweight quantum convolutional neural network for malicious code detection
Authors: Xiong Qibing , Fei Yangyang , Du Qiming , Zhao Bo , Di Shiqin , Shan Zheng 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Quantum neural network fully utilize the respective advantages of quantum computing and classical neural network, providing a new path for the development of artificial intelligence. In this paper, we propose a modified lightweight quantum convolutional neural network (QCNN), which contains a high-scalability and parameterized quantum convolutional layer and a quantum pooling circuit with quantum bit multiplexing, effectively utilizing the computational advantages of quantum systems to accelerate classical machine learning tasks. The experimental results show that the classification accuracy (precision, F1-score) of this QCNN on DataCon2020, Ember and BODMAS have been improved to 96.65% (94.3%, 96.74%), 92.4% (91.01%, 92.53%) and 95.6% (91.99%, 95.78%), indicating that this QCNN has strong robustness as well as good generalization performance for malicious code detection, which is of great significance to cyberspace security.
Impact of seawater intrusion in the coastal aquifers and its effects on agriculture in the delta region of Tamil Nadu
Authors: Tharik Mohamed , Vijayaraghavalu Sai Saraswathi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The current study evaluates the influence of seawater intrusion on groundwater and its implications for agriculture in the coastal belt of Tamil Nadu, India. This region has suffered from extensive groundwater salinization and low agricultural yield for several years. The salinity intrusion functions as a catalyst to damage the agriculture practices. Therefore, it is crucial to address the depletion of groundwater quality in the study area. In this study, 177 groundwater samples were obtained during pre-monsoon (2023). Subsequently, an integrated approach involving hydrogeochemical evaluation, geochemical modelling, chemical indices, GIS and multivariate statistics is applied in this study. The GQISWI and Seawater Mixing Index (SMI) suggest that the Southern part of the study area is largely affected by seawater mixing. According to the Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Electric Conductivity (EC), Sodium Percentage (%Na) and Permeability Index (PI) distribution maps, it is identified that the groundwater in the southern part of the study area is not suitable for irrigation purposes. The hydrogeochemical data suggests that Ca-Cl type, Ca-Mg-Cl type − are predominant water types in the study area. The bivariate plots reveal that ion exchange, reverse ion exchange, silicate weathering, seawater mixing and anthropogenic activities are controlling factors influencing groundwater evolution. The Chloro-alkaline index suggests that 87.6% of the samples indicate reverse ion exchange controlling the groundwater system. Saturation Index (SI) indicates that the groundwater is saturated (>0) with dolomite and calcite, due to seawater intrusion. Pearson correlation, R-mode factor analysis, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) also indicate the influence on groundwater from seawater mixing. In addition, overexploitation of groundwater through deep borewells for agriculture and domestic purposes, as well as climate change, may result in the salinization of coastal aquifers in the study area. These findings will assist local communities and policymakers in devising effective management and mitigation measures to increase crop yields and prevent seawater mixing in the research area.
Research on the group effect of new energy vehicles from different policy perspectives
Authors: Zhang Kanghui 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Policies play a pivotal role in fostering the growth of new energy vehicles. This paper delves into the benefits and risks associated with the development of new energy vehicles under varying policy landscapes. Firstly, the intricate relationship between the competition and growth of new energy vehicles and internal combustion engine vehicles is captured through the application of the extended Lotka-Volterra model. Secondly, a simulation flow diagram is constructed, taking into account the actual mediums of policy impact and drawing insights from diverse research methodologies. This flow diagram enables a comprehensive evaluation of environmental benefits, health risks, and traffic pressure. Finally, a critical evaluation of the actual impact of policies on new energy vehicles is conducted, along with an exploration of the root causes of potential policy paradoxes. The findings reveal that a standalone infrastructure support policy, research and development support policy, or carbon tax policy can, in certain periods, lead to an increase in carbon emissions and traffic pressure. Although the driving restriction policy does not exert negative impacts on the environment, health, and traffic at the national level, it can result in a surge in the total vehicle population. Therefore, it is imperative to adopt a combination of policies to mitigate the potential risks associated with any single policy.
Opportunities and challenges for direct electrification of chemical processes with protonic ceramic membrane reactors
Authors: Li Nannan , Zarkadoulas Athanasios , Kyriakou Vasileios 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The necessity of developing sustainable energy storage and process electrification technologies has built an unprecedented momentum for protonic ceramic membrane reactors (PCMRs). PCMRs are practically electrolytic cells (or even fuel cells in case of cogeneration) that extend beyond the classical approach of electrolysis towards producing a variety of value-added chemicals or fuels. The use of a ceramic electrolyte membrane to electrochemically supply or remove hydrogen offers unique advantages, such as process intensification, cogeneration of chemicals and electricity, as well as the shift of the chemical equilibrium to the desired products. During the last few years, rapid progress has not only been made in the cell components, but also for upscaling, which reveals their high potential in terms of efficiency and flexibility. Herein, we discuss recent innovations and breakthroughs in the PCMR concepts and components for different processes, while we attempt to identify challenges that may hinder their wide deployment. Closer to commercialization is the production of pressurized hydrogen from sustainable sources, i.e. biogas and ammonia, while significant advancements have been made in reversible H2O electrolysis systems. CO2/H2O co-electrolysis, hydrocarbon conversion and ammonia synthesis have been also successfully demonstrated, albeit with different obstacles related to the product selectivity and stability of the cell reactors. We conclude that future projects should target beyond the experimental discovery of materials, such as, multiscale modeling that would aid optimization of the involved surfaces, interfaces, and the operating parameters towards enhancing the viability of electrosynthesis in PCMRs.
Osprey optimization algorithm for MPPT of PV system with forward DC to DC converter under partial shading conditions
Authors: Rao S Nagaraja , Kiran Kumar B M , Suresh Y Vijaya , Kumar A Suresh , Manjunatha B M 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Electric power is required anywhere for multiple purposes to do various tasks. Production of electricity from renewable sources such solar energy is feasible solution for many problems. Photovoltaic modules are generally used to produce electricity through solar irradiance. However, a maximum power point tracking device (MPPTD) must be incorporated to Photovoltaic system to ensure its maximum utilization or best efficiency. A forward DC to DC circuit is selected to work as MPPTD in this paper. Many conventional algorithms including incremental conductance, perturb & observe are available to work effectively for MPPTD under uniform solar irradiances. However, non-uniform irradiances will be received by Photovoltaic modules where many are connected to form a power generation system due to trees, shading, dust, birds, clouds, etc Such phenomenon drags the system into Partial Shading Condition (PSC). Under PSC, conventional algorithms cannot identify the best location to harvest more energy. Hence, an optimization technique is required to operate Photovoltaic system at its outfit utilization during PSC. An optimization technique namely ‘Osprey Optimization Algorithm (OOA)’ is developed in this paper on MPPTD to harvest more energy during PSC. The comparison among OOA, Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO), Modified Invasive Weed Optimization (MIWO) and Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) is also included in this paper. The Hardware—in the—Loop is establish by using OPAL-RT technology to collect various results for presenting analysis under different operating conditions.
Artificial Intelligence Analysis of Periorbital Rejuvenation
Authors: Kreh Caroline C , Roider Laura , Firouzbakht Peter K , Nathan Charles , Prada Christian A , Lund Herflund G , Sarhaddi Deniz , Chen Kevin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Periorbital rejuvenation surgery aims to restore a youthful appearance to the face. Despite the popularity of these procedures, few objective measurements exist to evaluate their impact on perceived facial aging.

Objectives
In this study we aimed to quantify the impact of brow lift and blepharoplasty on age as perceived by convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithms.

Methods
A retrospective review was performed on patients who underwent upper blepharoplasty, lower blepharoplasty, and/or brow lift at a single cosmetic practice between 2018 and 2023. Collected data included patient demographics, procedure performed, fat pad resection, and preoperative and postoperative frontal images. Each photograph was analyzed by 4 artificial intelligence (AI) platforms to estimate the change in perceived age following surgery. The estimated age reduction was compared between procedures.

Results
Of the 153 included patients, 118 underwent blepharoplasty, 12 underwent brow lift, and 23 had both blepharoplasty and brow lift. Across all AI platforms, the mean age estimation percentage error was 10.6%, with a tendency for AI to underestimate true age. Univariate analysis revealed an age reduction following any surgery of 1.03 years (P &lt; .001). When controlling for other variables, brow lift patients saw a mean age reduction of 1.432 years (P = .031). Upper and lower blepharoplasty, patient characteristics, and ancillary procedures were not found to be independently associated with significant age reduction.

Conclusions
Brow lifts provide significant reduction in perceived age. When planning for periorbital rejuvenation, a thorough preoperative evaluation should be performed, and additional consideration should be given to brow lifting procedures.

Level of Evidence: 3 (Therapeutic)
Case report: intracoronary stent fracture complicated with coronary abscess and fistulization into the pericardium
Authors: Rusali Constantin Andrei , Cojocaru Lucia , Șerbanescu Ioana Caterina , Scupra Valentin , Iurco Daniela 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Stent fractures are a rare complication of angioplasties and are an unusual substrate for coronary abscesses.

Case summary
A 63-year-old patient came into the emergency department for ongoing chest pain. The patient had recently undergone coronary stent implantation, 3 months prior. Computed tomography coronary angiography revealed a coronary abscess and stent fracture, with blood effraction into the pericardium. The patient underwent emergency open-heart surgery to clear the infection and perform coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Post-operative outcome was tentatively favourable. The patient suffered acute kidney injury and required haemodialysis.

Discussion
Coronary stent fracture is a rare complication which can be life-threatening and which can lead to severe sequelae.
Whole-genome Sequencing Association Analysis of Quantitative Platelet Traits in A Large Cohort of β-thalassemia
Authors: Wang Xingmin , Zhang Qianqian , Chen Xianming , Huang Yushan , Zhang Wei , Liao Liuhua , Zhang Xinhua , Huang Binbin , Huang Yueyan , Ye Yuhua , Song Mengyang , Lao Jinquan , Chen Juanjuan , Feng Xiaoqin , Long Xingjiang , Liu Zhixiang , Zhu Weijian , Yu Lian , Fan Chengwu , Tang Deguo , Zhong Tianyu , Fang Mingyan , Li Caiyun , Niu Chao , Huang Li , Lin Bin , Hua Xiaoyun , Jin Xin , Li Zilin , Xu Xiangmin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Platelet acts as a crucial monitoring indicator for hypercoagulability and thrombosis and a key target for drug regulation. Genotype–phenotype association studies have confirmed that platelet traits are quantitatively regulated by multiple genes. However, there is currently a lack of genetic studies on the heterogeneity of platelet traits in β-thalassemia under hypercoagulable state. Here, we studied the phenotypic heterogeneity of platelet count (PLT) and mean platelet volume (MPV) in 1020 β-thalassemia patients. We further performed a functionally informed whole genome sequencing association analysis of common variants and rare variants (RVs) for PLT and MPV in 916 patients through integrative analysis of whole-genome sequencing data and functional annotation data. Extreme phenotypic heterogeneity of platelet traits was observed in β-thalassemia patients. Additionally, the common variant based gene-level analysis identified the novel gene of RNF144B associated with MPV. The RV analysis identified several novel associations in both coding and noncoding genome, including missense RVs of PPP2R5C associated with PLT and missense RVs of TSSK1B associated with MPV. In conclusion, we performed a comprehensive and systematic whole genome scan of platelet traits in the β-thalassemia cohort, demonstrating the specificity of genetic regulation of platelet traits in the context of β-thalassemia, providing potential targets for intervention.