bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geriatric syndromes are potential determinants of the medication adherence status in prevalent dialysis patients
Authors: Chao Chia-Ter , Huang Jenq-Wen ,   COGENT (COhort of GEriatric Nephrology in NTUH) study group
Published: June 2016

Background.Geriatric syndromes (GS) exhibit high prevalence in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) under chronic dialysis irrespective of age. We sought to determine whether GS influences medication adherence in ESRD patients.Methods.A prospective cohort of chronic dialysis patients was assembled. The presence of GS components, including frailty/prefrailty, polypharmacy, and malnutrition, were ascertained through a validated questionnaire, electronic records and chart abstraction, and laboratory tests. The severity of medication non-adherence was defined using the eight-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS). Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed targeting MMAS results and incorporating relevant clinical features and GS.Results.The prevalence of frailty/pre-frailty, polypharmacy, and hypoalbuminemia/ malnutrition among the enrolled participants was 66.7%, 94%, and 14%, respectively. The average MMAS scores in these dialysis patients were 2 ± 1.7 (range, 0–6), with only 15.7% exhibiting high medication adherence. Multiple regression analyses showed that the absence of frailty/pre-frailty (P= 0.01) were significantly associated with poorer medication adherence, while the presence of polypharmacy (P= 0.02) and lower serum albumin, a potential sign of malnutrition (P= 0.03), were associated with poor adherence in another model.Conclusion.This study is among the very few reports addressing GS and medication adherence, especially in ESRD patients. Interventions targeting frailty, polypharmacy, and malnutrition might potentially improve the medication non-adherence and symptom control in these pill-burdened patients.
Online Class Scheduling and Faculty Loading System within a Decision Support Framework
Authors: Ortega Eric Perez , Ortega Moma dela Torre , Brigoli Darlyne Iligan 
Published: June 2016

Developing course schedules to accommodate student enrollment needs has been a recurring and complicated task of the department heads each school term. To develop a course schedule connotes an assignment of time intervals for each course offering and optimization of available resources such as classrooms and computer laboratories and subsequently maximize the department faculty inventory and preferences. The study aimed to create a class scheduling and loading system which tackles academic department heads' responsibilities of establishing well-defined faculty teaching loads. A descriptive-developmental design was utilized using a researcher-made questionnaire and interview. The scheduling and loading system is articulated to allow the defining of teaching assignments to the time slot system by applying knowledge-based approach, appropriate heuristic functions and rule sets to load correct courses to faculty; and allow a search for the best slot on multiple viable slots within the decision-support framework.Â Decision support framework facilitates administrative priorities to resolve conflicts on slots representing deviations from the assignment criteria. The result of the study indicated the reduction of time required for course scheduling and the results are more acceptable to faculty loads for the teachers. The study recommends embedding other parameters into the system and continuous improvement and maintenance should be done for the system, adding new constraints and requirements.
Dust acoustic dromions in a magnetized dusty plasma with superthermal electrons and ions
Authors: Saini N. S. , Ghai Yashika , Kohli Ripin 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAn investigation of dust acoustic (DA) dromions in a magnetized dusty plasma consisting of inertial dust fluid, kappa‐type distributed electrons, and ions is presented. Using reductive perturbation technique, we have derived coupled nonlinear evolution equations of (2 + 1) dimensions (called Davey‐Stewartson (DS‐I) equations). Hirota bilinear method has been employed to derive the analytical solution of DS‐I equations. The solutions of such equations are exponentially localized and are called dromions. The combined effects of various physical parameters such as superthermality of charged particles, strength of magnetic field, and dust concentration have been studied on the existence regions and propagation properties of DA dromions in context with observations of POLAR satellite in the presence of superthermal particles in polar cap boundary layer region of Earth's atmosphere.
OCEANFILMS‐2: Representing coadsorption of saccharides in marine films and potential impacts on modeled marine aerosol chemistry
Authors: Burrows Susannah M. , Gobrogge Eric , Fu Li , Link Katie , Elliott Scott M. , Wang Hongfei , Walker Rob 
Published: June 2016

AbstractHere we show that the addition of chemical interactions between soluble monosaccharides and an insoluble lipid surfactant monolayer improves agreement of modeled sea spray chemistry with observed marine aerosol chemistry. In particular, the alkane:hydroxyl mass ratio in modeled sea spray organic matter is reduced from a median of 2.73 to a range of 0.41–0.69, reducing the discrepancy with previous Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) observations of clean marine aerosol (ratio: 0.24–0.38). The overall organic fraction of submicron sea spray also increases, allowing organic mass fractions in the range 0.5–0.7 for submicron sea spray particles over highly active phytoplankton blooms. Sum frequency generation experiments support the modeling approach by demonstrating that soluble monosaccharides can strongly adsorb to a lipid monolayer likely via Coulomb interactions under appropriate conditions. These laboratory findings motivate further research to determine the relevance of coadsorption mechanisms for real‐world, sea spray aerosol production.
Three‐dimensional attenuation model of Sierra Negra Volcano, Galápagos Archipelago
Authors: Rodd Rebecca L. , Lees Jonathan M. , Tepp Gabrielle 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe shallow magma system beneath Sierra Negra was imaged using attenuation tomographic methods. The t∗ spectral decay method for P wave phases was used to highlight regions of high
which suggest the presence of magma melt. High‐
anomalies ranging from 0.005 to 0.04 are concentrated below the caldera from 0.5 to 10.5 km depths. Attenuation is sensitive to temperature and fluid presence; thus, this high attenuation is interpreted as possible zones of magma accumulation. An imaged shallow body is consistent with geodetic studies on caldera deformation that modeled a magma sill or flattopped diapir of unknown thickness at ∼1 km depth below sea level.
Acoustic observations of near‐bed sediment concentration and flux statistics above migrating sand dunes
Authors: Wilson G. W. , Hay A. E. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA coherent Doppler profiler was used to measure coincident time series of velocity (u,w), sediment mass concentration (c), and sediment grain size (d), above mobile sand dunes in unidirectional flow (∼1 m/s, ∼1 m water depth). The measurements are used to extract statistical distributions of sediment concentration and flux just above the bed. Observed mass fluxes (uc,wc) were well fit by quasi‐exponential distributions, at all positions along the dune profile, similar to previous observations of single‐particle momenta for bed load over flat beds. Observed concentrations of moving particles were well fit by negative‐binomial distributions, also similar to previous observations over flat beds. These probability distributions relate to two recent stochastic theories, previously derived and verified for uniform flow over flat beds. It is hypothesized that these theories may also be used as a local approximation in natural‐scale flows with bed forms.
Real‐time forecast of aftershocks from a single seismic station signal
Authors: Lippiello E. , Cirillo A. , Godano G. , Papadimitriou E. , Karakostas V. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe evaluation of seismic hazard in the hours following large earthquakes is strongly affected by biases due to difficulties in determining earthquake location. This leads to the huge incompleteness of instrumental catalogs. Here we show that if, on the one hand, the overlap of aftershock coda waves hides many small events, on the other hand, it leads to a well‐determined empirical law controlling the decay of the amplitude of the seismic signal at a given site. The fitting parameters of this law can be related to those controlling the temporal decay of the aftershock number, and it is then possible to obtain short‐term postseismic occurrence probability from a single recorded seismic signal. We therefore present a novel procedure which, without requiring earthquake location, produces more accurate and almost real‐time forecast, in a site of interest, directly from the signal of a seismic station installed at that site.
An autonomous receiver/digital signal processor applied to ground‐based and rocket‐borne wave experiments
Authors: Dombrowski M. P. , LaBelle J. , McGaw D. G. , Broughton M. C. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe programmable combined receiver/digital signal processor platform presented in this article is designed for digital downsampling and processing of general waveform inputs with a 66 MHz initial sampling rate and multi‐input synchronized sampling. Systems based on this platform are capable of fully autonomous low‐power operation, can be programmed to preprocess and filter the data for preselection and reduction, and may output to a diverse array of transmission or telemetry media. We describe three versions of this system, one for deployment on sounding rockets and two for ground‐based applications. The rocket system was flown on the Correlation of High‐Frequency and Auroral Roar Measurements (CHARM)‐II mission launched from Poker Flat Research Range, Alaska, in 2010. It measured auroral “roar” signals at 2.60 MHz. The ground‐based systems have been deployed at Sondrestrom, Greenland, and South Pole Station, Antarctica. The Greenland system synchronously samples signals from three spaced antennas providing direction finding of 0–5 MHz waves. It has successfully measured auroral signals and man‐made broadcast signals. The South Pole system synchronously samples signals from two crossed antennas, providing polarization information. It has successfully measured the polarization of auroral kilometric radiation‐like signals as well as auroral hiss. Further systems are in development for future rocket missions and for installation in Antarctic Automatic Geophysical Observatories.
Grassland to woodland transitions: Dynamic response of microbial community structure and carbon use patterns
Authors: Creamer Courtney A. , Filley Timothy R. , Boutton Thomas W. , Rowe Helen I. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWoodland encroachment into grasslands is a globally pervasive phenomenon attributed to land use change, fire suppression, and climate change. This vegetation shift impacts ecosystem services such as ground water allocation, carbon (C) and nutrient status of soils, aboveground and belowground biodiversity, and soil structure. We hypothesized that woodland encroachment would alter microbial community structure and function and would be related to patterns in soil C accumulation. To address this hypothesis, we measured the composition and δ13C values of soil microbial phospholipids (PLFAs) along successional chronosequences from C4‐dominated grasslands to C3‐dominated woodlands (small discrete clusters and larger groves) spanning up to 134 years. Woodland development increased microbial biomass, soil C and nitrogen (N) concentrations, and altered microbial community composition. The relative abundance of gram‐negative bacteria (cy19:0) increased linearly with stand age, consistent with decreases in soil pH and/or greater rhizosphere development and corresponding increases in C inputs. δ13C values of all PLFAs decreased with time following woody encroachment, indicating assimilation of woodland C sources. Among the microbial groups, fungi and actinobacteria in woodland soils selectively assimilated grassland C to a greater extent than its contribution to bulk soil. Between the two woodland types, microbes in the groves incorporated relatively more of the relict C4‐C than those in the clusters, potentially due to differences in below ground plant C allocation and organo‐mineral association. Changes in plant productivity and C accessibility (rather than C chemistry) dictated microbial C utilization in this system in response to shrub encroachment.
Modal‐matching‐based analysis for axially corrugated dielectric‐rod‐loaded horn
Authors: Zhang Pengyu , Qi Jiaran , Qiu Jinghui 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAn efficient design procedure based on modal‐matching method for axially corrugated dielectric‐rod‐loaded horns of complicated geometries is proposed in this paper. Calculation of the generalized scattering matrix of individual module, which is obtained by dividing the complex horn into simple sections, is carried out. Analytic expressions of power‐coupling integrals between different kinds of waveguides are presented, including those derived initially, which greatly shorten the calculation time. Techniques including the field equivalence principle and the spherical mode expansion are further implemented for radiation pattern prediction. A rexolite‐loaded axially corrugated horn antenna is finally investigated as a numerical experiment, with the frequency range of 17–33 GHz. The results obtained by our method and by commercial full‐wave simulation software are in excellent agreement, but our method is more efficient.
Insurance as a Mission Enabler
Authors: Vacek Joseph J. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Insurance for unmanned aerial system (UAS) missions is necessary to minimize risk and liability to the operator and manufacturer. Even though UAS insurance is a relatively new offering, general principles of aviation insurance and existing risk reduction models can be applied flexibly to the particular UAS mission and also used in the negotiation for an insurance contract. This chapter discusses unique considerations for UAS, including broader considerations such as the law of large numbers, uninsured third‐party operations, subrogation, and risk reduction. Risk reduction should follow an iterative, formalized process and include risk identification, determination of maximum potential loss, risk management, and evaluation using aviation industry accepted methods. In UAS, special considerations apply for effective risk reduction and include considerations such as regulatory or statutory requirements, privacy considerations, and principles of tort law including negligence, strict liability, and ultrahazardous activities. Special insurance considerations such as uninsurable lawsuits and business insurance coverage are also discussed.
Social and Legal Issues
Authors: “Noah” Flood C.E. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
A tenuous relationship exists between new technologies and law. New technologies precede the laws and regulations that govern their use. The result is a period of uncertainty regarding the use of unmanned aircraft systems. How the legal system responds to a new technology hinges in part on the social concerns raised. Individual citizens and corporations voice their concerns through the media, lobbying, and lawsuits. In response to new technology concerns raised via lawsuit, judges and regulatory agencies will adapt existing law to address issues. If the results are unsatisfactory, lobbying will encourage legislative action in the form of new laws or amendments to existing laws. If such existing or new laws result in significantly different interpretations among the courts, the Supreme Court may choose to address such inconsistencies. Unmanned aircraft and their sensory payloads raise a host of social and legal issues. Generally, they fall into privacy, property, and safety concerns. This chapter briefly covers how the legal system has addressed some of these issues associated with unmanned aircraft and possible considerations in addressing the many outstanding issues remaining.
Overview ofUASControl Stations
Authors: Ramos Francisco J. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis chapter provides an overview of unmanned aircraft system (UAS) control stations, as a key element of unmanned aircraft systems. Control stations are the interface that allows the operators to interact with the whole system and provides an extensive set of functions to support unmanned air vehicle (UAV) operation. Based on a proposed control stations classification, different existing architectures are described, going from the most simple portable devices used to manage mini‐UAVs up to the complex, distributed systems designed to control the bigger MALE and HALE platforms. Along the different sections, main architecture blocks and typical functionalities are reviewed, and key design aspects such as human factors, certification, safety, security, or interoperability are analyzed. The chapter finishes with a forecast on the expected improvements and capabilities of future systems.
Anti‐Biofouling, Thermal, and Electrical Performance of Nanocomposite Coating with Multiwall Carbon Nanotube and Polytetrafluoroethylene‐Blended Polyphenylenesulfide
Authors: Yang Eunsoo , Hwang Taeseon , Kumar Anupam , Kim Kwang J. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractCorrosion, erosion, and fouling by scale deposition are detrimental to heat‐exchanger tube at geothermal binary‐cycle power plants. In this work, polytetrafluoroethylene was blended in a polyphenylenesulfide matrix with different concentrations of multiwall carbon nanotube (MWNT) using the melt‐mixed method to reduce scale deposition on the metal surface. The prepared nanocomposites with different concentrations of MWNT were characterized by various properties such as morphology, hydrophobicity, electrical, thermal, and rheological properties. The morphology of nanocomposite was changed from smooth to nano‐pin‐like with the addition of MWNT. The varied concentration of MWNT led to differing hydrophobicity of nanocomposite. Increasing the loaded amount of MWNT in the nanocomposite led to decreased electrical resistivity up to 3.1 × 103 Ω cm because of percolation of the MWNT in the polymer matrix. In addition, we investigated the enhancement of thermal performance (10% of lower crystallization peak) of the prepared nanocomposite. These performance results indicate that the prepared nanocomposite can be widely adopted for use in high‐performance heat exchangers in geothermal industries.
Electropolymerization of aniline in phosphonium‐based ionic liquids and their application as protective films against corrosion
Authors: Ortaboy Sinem 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTConductive polyaniline (PANI) films were deposited on mild steel by an electropolymerization technique in the presence of different types of phosphonium‐based ionic liquids, including tetrabutylphosphonium bromide, tetraoctylphosphonium bromide, and ethyltributylphosphonium diethylphosphate. The formation of the PANI films was followed by repetitive cyclic voltammetry scans and was confirmed with diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy. The morphology, surface roughness parameters, and grain sizes of these coatings were evaluated by atomic force microscopy. The corrosion behavior of the bare and PANI‐coated electrodes was investigated by potentiodynamic polarization, open‐circuit potential, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques in a simulated marine environment in 3.5 wt % aqueous NaCl solutions. The quantum chemical parameters of the PANI composite films were also calculated with parametric method 3, a semi‐empirical quantum mechanical method. The theoretical conclusions were found to be consistent with the reported experimental data. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43923.
Facebook, self‐disclosure, and brand‐mediated intimacy: Identifying value creating behaviors
Authors: Hassan Mahmud , Mydock Suni , Pervan Simon J. , Kortt Michael 
Published: June 2016

AbstractValue creating behaviors (VCBs) have not been extensively investigated within the context of social networking sites; this study highlights the importance of self‐disclosure leading to brand‐mediated intimacy as an explanation for VCBs within brand pages of social networking sites. A netnographic approach is undertaken, and the data include naturalistic observations of four Facebook brand communities. The results introduce four new VCBs and confirm that all 14 VCBs listed in previous research are practised within Facebook brand communities. This study also provides evidence of factual and emotional brand disclosures, and responses, suggesting consumer peers may be achieving a level of brand‐mediated intimacy through their exchanges. Harnessing the need for intimacy may represent an important strategic advantage to brands. It also has implications for public policy makers wishing to further understand consumer health and well‐being. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Questioning fairness: the relationship of mental health and psychopathic characteristics with young offenders' perceptions of procedural justice and legitimacy
Authors: Penner Erika K. , Shaffer Catherine S. , Viljoen Jodi L. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundTheories of procedural justice suggest that individuals who experience the criminal justice system as fair are more likely to perceive it as legitimate and, in turn, are less likely to reoffend. However, when individuals come into contact with the legal system, they are not blank slates – they have beliefs and personality characteristics that may systematically influence such perceptions.AimsOur aim was to establish the extent to which demographic characteristics, legal history and clinical features, including personality characteristics, systematically influenced the degree to which young people experience the justice system as fair and legitimate.MethodSelf‐report, file and interview data were collected from ninety‐two 12 to 17‐year‐olds on probation in Western Canada.ResultsSubstance use and traumatic experiences were inversely correlated with perceptions of procedural justice and legal legitimacy. Young people with higher scores on interpersonal, lifestyle and antisocial facets of the psychopathy checklist: youth version believed less strongly in the legitimacy of the law, but regression analyses confirmed that only history of trauma was independently associated with perceived procedural justice and legitimacy. Those in the youngest age group were more likely to have positive perceptions of justice than older youths, but demographics and legal history otherwise did not relate to outcomes.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that examining the relationship between procedural justice, legitimacy and offending without taking intra‐individual variables into account may neglect important influences on those relationships. Other research has begun to show that young people who do not accept the law as legitimate or the criminal justice system as fair are more likely to offend. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.