bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Periodontal Status in Morbidly Obese Patients With and Without Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome Risk: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Sales‐Peres Silvia H. C. , Groppo Francisco C. , Rojas Lida V. , de C. Sales‐Peres Matheus , Sales‐Peres Arsenio 
Published: March 2016

Background: This cross‐sectional study aims to investigate the correlation between obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) risk with periodontal disease and anthropometric measures in Class III obese patients.Methods: Anthropometric measurements were taken from 108 patients of both sexes, aged 30 to 60 years. The Berlin questionnaire (Bq) and the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) were applied to determine the risk for OSAS. Full‐mouth periodontal status was determined by probing depth, clinical attachment level, gingival bleeding index, and the presence of calculus. Unpaired Student t, χ2, Fisher exact, and Mann–Whitney U tests were applied to analyze the differences between high and low risk for OSAS groups.Results: Overall, 81.5% of the patients showed high risk for OSAS, 46.3% had excessive daytime sleepiness, 41.5% were positive for both the Bq and ESS, and 97.2% had periodontal disease (periodontitis = 85.2% and gingivitis = 60.2%). Patients with periodontal disease showed high risk for OSAS (82.9%) and ESS (45.7%). However, there was no influence of periodontal disease on OSAS risk. Periodontitis was not associated with the ESS (odds ratio [OR] = 1.84, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.54 to 6.26) or Bq (OR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.10 to 7.84), nor was gingivitis associated with the ESS (OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 0.48 to 3.25) or Bq (OR = 0.23, 95% CI = 0.03 to 1.84). Waist circumference (P = 0.03), neck circumference (NC, P <0.001), and the percentage of predicted NC (PPNC, P <0.001) were significantly larger in the patients at high risk for OSAS than in those at low risk for OSAS. Daytime sleepiness was also associated with NC (P = 0.02) and PPNC (P = 0.02).Conclusion: There was no association between periodontal disease and OSAS risk in Class III obese patients, but OSAS risk was associated with both NC and PPNC.
Standardized Testing In The Case Of China And The Lessons To Be Learned For The U.S.
Authors: Ozturgut Osman 
Published: March 2016

The Chinese have been using standardized testing for centuries. Ancient Greeks have tried it for centuries since 5th and 4th BC. There is no evidence that they have become successful in educating their children through an imperial or elitist system. The impact of standardizing the education on a nation is significant. This is not only true for not being able to cultivate creative and innovative youth and thus a society, but also has significant impact on the economy as well. China example may help justify and clarify the direction we are heading in educating our nation. This paper reflects on the impact of standardized testing on China and explains the need to redirect our efforts within our educational system.
The Effect Of Speed Reading Instruction On Japanese High School Students English Reading Comprehension And Vocabulary Development
Authors: Underwood Paul , Myskow Gordon , Hattori Takahiko 
Published: March 2016

This study investigated the effects of a six-month course in speed reading in three areas of reading proficiency development: 1) general reading comprehension, 2) knowledge of high-frequency vocabulary, and 3) reading-rate and accuracy. The participants (N = 105) were Japanese students studying English as a foreign language in Grade 10 at a Japanese private senior high school, randomly assigned to an experimental group (n =51) which received the speed reading treatment, and a control group (n =54) which received supplementary activities focused on high-frequency vocabulary development. The findings indicated that both the experimental and control groups made significant improvements in general reading comprehension. However, there was no significant difference between the experimental group (M = 14.27, SD = 4.01) and the control group (M = 14.31, SD = 4.07); t (103) = -.051, p= .959. Both the experimental group (M = 1.29, SD = 2.52) and the control group (M = 1.35, SD = 2.49) increased their knowledge of high-frequency vocabulary. However, again there was no significant difference between the experimental group (M = 25.78, SD = 2.96) and the control group M = 25.61, SD = 2.24; t (103) = -.337, p= .737. In terms of reading-rate development, the findings indicated a significant increase (M = 47, SD = 41.99) t (50) = 8.01, p < .0005. Finally, while higher levels of general reading comprehension and high reading speeds were correlated, the relationship was small, r=.19, n = 51. The range of findings emerging from this current study adds weight to the existing research and goes beyond those conducted in the Japanese context to date. One of the important questions these findings raise relates to the greater influence that other variables, such as lexico-grammatical knowledge, might have on the development of reading comprehension at this level of language proficiency.
The Importance Of Examining Teacher And Learners Attitudes And Understanding Learning Needs In The Twenty First Century
Authors: Jabbarifar Taghi , Elhambakhsh ELham 
Published: March 2016

An indispensable part of any curriculum design in an educational setting is the analysis of the needs of the learners involved in the context. The needs can be addressed from different perspectives. Among them, the learners' needs in terms of their perceptions toward what constitute learning/teaching and testing processes are of prominent values. If there is a match between how they view these processes and what the course designers assume them to be, more achievement is likely to happen. In this regard, no one-to-one correspondence exists between what the learners think and what really should be; however, any modifications made to set the ideas closer to one another are of great value.An indispensable part of any curriculum design in an educational setting is the analysis of the needs of the learners involved in the context. The needs can be addressed from different perspectives. Among them, the learners' needs in terms of their perceptions toward what constitute learning/teaching and testing processes are of prominent values. If there is a match between how they view these processes and what the course designers assume them to be, more achievement is likely to happen. In this regard, no one-to-one correspondence exists between what the learners think and what really should be; however, any modifications made to set the ideas closer to one another are of great value. In this study, an attempt is made to study the learners' as well as their teachers' attitudes toward learning, teaching and testing processes in their own educational settings. 213 learners and 38 English language teachers who have been selected from state /non-state schools and two English language private institutes with different comparable curricula have been questioned. The items of the different questionnaires designed for the learners and the teachers constituted the measuring instruments of the study. The types of the questions included in the questionnaires can [m1] to form four patterns of the responses. These patterns can show the preference of learners/teachers over: 1- text based or fun task-based teaching materials 2- form-focused or meaning focused instruction 3- formative or summative testing procedures. The implications of the study can benefit both learners/teachers as well as course designers to reconsider the issues which are of great challenges to any educational curriculum in different educational settings. [m1]Can
Preparing General Education Teacher To Meet The Challenges Of ADHD In The Classroom
Authors: Loughran Sandra B. 
Published: March 2016

This article seeks to provide the general classroom teacher with better insight into the difficulties that ADHD behaviors create for children, their families, their teachers and their peers. It will also help teachers learn to recognize ADHD behavior early on and to inform them of some of the methods and techniques that can be helpful in managing ADHD, particularly in the classroom. However, children with ADHD aren’t deliberately seeking attention: they’re truly wired differently.
The Role Of Service In P&T Decisions
Authors: Saunders Gary , Luchs Christopher , Smith Walter 
Published: March 2016

Promotion and tenure are very important to faculty members, especially to faculty that are untenured or are in the lower academic ranks. Typically, universities grant promotion and tenure (P & T) based on three components: research, teaching, and service. Research is usually relatively well defined and is based on some combination of quality and quantity of presentations and publications. Teaching effectiveness is typically evaluated using peer evaluations, student evaluations, and the ratings of administrators. The third component, service, tends to be the least well defined of the three. The reason for this may be that service is more difficult to quantify because its components tend to be numerous and vague. This study investigates the perceived importance, what is, of service in the P & T decisions and how important service should be in those decisions. Email questionnaires were sent to faculty across the nation to obtain their perceptions concerning the overall importance of service in the P & T process at their school. The survey is designed to capture data regarding the perceived present importance of service in the promotion and tenure process, and what the importance of service in the promotion and tenure process should be. The results indicate that service is considered to be between “slightly” and “moderately” important in obtaining promotion and tenure. Respondents indicated that service should be at least “moderately important” in the P & T decision process. These differences between how important service is and how important it should be are all statistically significant at the 1% level. Overall, the results show that service is more important for the promotion to full professorship decision than it is for the promotion to associate and granting of tenure decisions. In addition, analyses show that how important service is and how important it should be varies significantly with some of the demographic characteristics of the respondents’ schools.
International Business Education At Best B-Schools
Authors: Eisner Susan , Harvey Mary Ellen O’Grady 
Published: March 2016

This paper investigates the preparation undergraduate students readying for participation in the global economy and interested in international business careers can receive at U.S. business schools. Existing literature point to the importance of internationalizing business education, but have been relatively silent in recent years regarding its status. Accordingly, this study seeks to contribute to business education and management practice by examining the attributes of international business programs currently offered by “best” business schools. Gap analysis and benchmarking tools are identified and summarized within the context of existing literature. Analysis and recommendation are provided to assist educators developing programs that successfully train graduates for the challenges and opportunities of today’s international workplace.
Accounting Issues: An Essay Series Part V-Intangible Assets
Authors: Laux Judy 
Published: March 2016

This article represents the fifth in a series of theoretical essays intended to supplement the introductory financial accounting course and investigates the accounting treatment and related conceptual connections for intangibles. In addition, intangibles present unique accounting issues, conceptual challenges, and measurement dilemmas not found with most other assets, warranting special coverage. The paper also presents scandalous accounting episodes that have made the headlines as well as both theoretical and empirical studies that might be of interest to both students and professors.
Tuberculosis en pacientes con diabetes mellitus: Un estudio epidemiológico y clínico en el Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia.
Authors: DELGADO ROSPIGLIOSI Juan Luis, , SECLEN SANTISTEBAN Segundo Nicolás , GOTUZZO HERENCIA Eduardo 
Published: March 2016

Objetivo: Describir las características epidemiológicas y clínicas de pacientes diabéticos con tuberculosis atendidos en el Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia (HNCH). Material y Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, observacional, descriptivo. Se identificaron los “casos” (pacientes diabéticos con TBC) revisando los registros del Servicio de Endocrinología, Servicios de hospitalización de Medicina y del Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Tropicales del HNCH atendidos durante el periodo de 1997 al 2003. Resultados: Se encontraron 85 episodios de TBC en 74 historias clínicas revisadas. El promedio de edad fue de 49,4 +12,8 años; 48/74 (65%) fueron hombres y 26/74 (35%) mujeres. 72/74 (97,3%) pacientes presentaron diabetes mellitus tipo 2. El tiempo promedio de enfermedad diabética previo al desarrollo de TBC fue de 4.2 +4 años. 75/85 (88,2%) episodios presentaron TBC pulmonar, habiendo confirmación bacteriológica en el 51,3% de estos casos. 59/85 (69%) casos no cumplían regularmente con el tratamiento indicado para la diabetes y 60/85 (71%) tenían mal control metabólico al desarrollar TBC. 31/74 (42%) pacientes fueron hospitalizados por TBC, asociándose cetoacidosis diabética (CAD) en el 51,4% de las hospitalizaciones por esta causa. La TBC puede ser causa importante desencadenante de CAD en nuestro medio. La tasa de fracasos al tratamiento fue de 15/85 (17,6%); hubo sospecha de TB-MDR en 13/74 pacientes (17,6%). La tasa de recaídas fue de 15/74 (20,3%). Fallecieron 3/74 pacientes (4%) durante el período de estudio. Conclusiones: Pacientes diabéticos mal controlados desarrollan TBC con una elevada tasa de recaídas, fracasos y TB-MDR, con alta sospecha de contagio intrahospitalario.
Efectividad de una intervención comunitaria en salud oral: resultados después de 18 meses.
Authors: BERNABÉ ORTIZ Eduardo , SÁNCHEZ-BORJAS Pablo César , DELGADO-ANGULO Elsa Karina 
Published: March 2016

Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de una intervención comunitaria en salud oral, dirigida a niños entre 6 y 14 años de edad de comunidades urbano-marginales de Sol Naciente (Carabayllo), realizada por estudiantes de pregrado de la Facultad de Estomatología Roberto Beltrán Neira de la Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia. Materiales y métodos: Ciento doce niños fueron cubiertos en la intervención preventivo-promocional hasta la evaluación a los 18 meses. La efectividad fue evaluada midiendo la variación en la prevalencia y experiencia de caries dental, así como también en el nivel de obturaciones, higiene oral y proporción de molares permanentes sellados y obturados al inicio y a los 18 meses de la intervención. Resultados: No hubo variación significativa en la prevalencia y experiencia de caries dental entre ambas evaluaciones. Sin embargo, se encontró una mejora significativa en la proporción de dientes y superficies cariadas que fueron obturados (p < 0,001 y p = 0,015 respectivamente), en el nivel de higiene oral (p < 0,001) y en la proporción de molares permanentes sellados y obturados (p < 0,001 en ambos casos). Conclusiones: Los presentes resultados indican que la intervención fue efectiva en el control de caries dental y en la mejora de los niveles de obturaciones e higiene oral así como de la proporción de molares permanentes sellados y obturados en los niños evaluados. Se requieren futuros estudios para evaluar la efectividad y costos de intervenciones similares en el Perú
Validación de un cuestionario de transgresiones ético-médicas.
Authors: VÉLIZ MÁRQUEZ José 
Published: March 2016

El incremento de las denuncias por transgresiones, en contra de los médicos, motivó, desde 1999, la confección y ensayo de un cuestionario que recoge opiniones sobre la frecuencia de transgresiones que los médicos observan en sus colegas, cuya quinta versión (22 ítemes) fuera sometida, exitosamente, a pruebas de validez y confiabilidad, resultando una sexta con 06 ítemes nuevos. Objetivo: El objetivo del presente estudio fue validar la sexta versión del Cuestionario de Transgresiones. Material y métodos: La sexta versión se aplicó en 530 médicos de 22 consejos regionales del Colegio Médico. La validez de constructo teórico se evaluó por medio de la correlación r de Pearson y la concurrente comparando el orden de prelación de porcentajes de respuestas “frecuente” o “muy frecuente” de los 530 médicos, con los alcanzados en un trabajo anterior sobre denuncias en contra de los médicos. Se evaluó la confiabilidad por medio del alfa de Crombach. Resultados: Los índices de validez de todos los ítemes, incluso el 3 y el 4 invalidados en la Quinta versión, fluctuaron entre 0,94 y 0,99 comprobando la validez de constructo. La validación concurrente se estableció comparando el orden de prelación de los porcentajes de las transgresiones observadas y las denunciadas que resultó igual. El alfa de Crombach fue de 0,95. Conclusiones: La sexta versión posee validez de constructo teórico y concurrente así como confiabilidad. Se identificaron 6 tipos de transgresiones, siendo la más frecuentemente elegida la que está en relación directa con el paciente (relación médico-paciente). Se recomienda la utilización de estos hallazgos, en educación médica continua y en pre y postgrado.
Auditoría médica de historias clínicas en consulta externa de cuatro hospitales públicos peruanos.
Authors: LLANOS-ZAVALAGA Luis Fernando , MAYCA PÉREZ Julio , NAVARRO CHUMBES Gian Carlos 
Published: March 2016

La auditoría es definida como análisis crítico sistemático de la calidad de atención médica, incluyendo procedimientos, uso de recursos y resultados que repercuten en los desenlaces clínicos y la calidad de vida del paciente. Objetivos: El presente estudio busca evaluar el llenado de historias clínicas (HC) de consulta externa, permitiendo identificar los errores o vacíos de información. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal descriptivo. Se incluyeron muestras aleatorias representativas de pacientes nuevos atendidos en 04 hospitales MINSA de la costa norte (Lambayeque -390 HC) y sur (Ica -396 HC), sierra (Junín -384 HC), y selva (Amazonas -396 HC). La unidad de muestreo y análisis fue la HC de pacientes atendidos en consultorios. Resultados: Se encontró: registro de funciones vitales en 8,75% de las HC, registro de síntomas de consulta en 91,08%, registro de examen físico en 56,63%, registro de diagnóstico del paciente en 97,43%, registro del tratamiento o plan de trabajo en 89,37%, registro de fecha y hora en 13,70%, y registro de la firma y sello del profesional en 54,65%. Se observaron diferencias significativas entre los cuatro hospitales. Conclusiones: Tal como se ha reportado, el llenado de HC es pobre para la mayoría de variables evaluadas. Se esperaba que los hallazgos mostrasen valores elevados en aspectos que en consideración de los profesionales son sustantivos para una buena calidad de atención al usuario. La auditoría médica mejorará los estándares de la práctica médica cuando el personal de salud entienda y se convenza de su valor como herramienta educativa.
La difícil decisión de ventilación mecánica en esclerosis lateral amiotrófica: A propósito de dos casos.
Authors: REY DE CASTRO MUJICA Jorge , PORTOCARRERO URDAY Alexandra , VALDEZ FERNANDEZ-BACA Luis Manuel 
Published: March 2016

Esclerosis Lateral Amiotrófica (ELA) es una enfermedad progresiva y debilitante, invariablemente fatal que afecta a las neuronas motoras, en la que las funciones cognitivas del paciente permanecen intactas y habitualmente en las fases avanzadas se presenta insuficiencia respiratoria ventilatoria requiriendo alguna modalidad de soporte ventilatorio. Dos casos con diagnóstico de ELA forma bulbar se beneficiaron de esta intervención terapéutica en nuestra ciudad.
Timectomía como tratamiento de miastenia gravis. Experiencia en el Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo. Lima, Perú.
Authors: VASQUEZ KOBASHIGAWA Julio , MONTESINOS MOSQUEIRA Efrain , CHAVEZ HEREDIA Guido , ROJAS PEÑA Luis , PERALTA RODRIGUEZ Julio 
Published: March 2016

La timectomía es una opción terapéutica en el manejo de la miastenia gravis (MG). Aunque existe controversia sobre las indicaciones quirúrgicas y el mejor momento para operar, la timectomía se mantiene como un procedimiento seguro y efectivo para el tratamiento de MG. Aquí revisamos nuestra experiencia con esta operación en pacientes con esta enfermedad, y comparamos nuestros resultados con aquellos publicados en la literatura.
Evaluación del consumo de riesgo de alcohol en estudiantes universitarios de la Facultad de Farmacia
Authors: Miquel Laia , Rodamilans Miquel , Giménez Rosa , Cambras Trinitat , Canudas Ana María , Gual Antoni 
Published: March 2016

El consumo de alcohol es muy prevalente entre los estudiantes universitarios. La detección precoz en futuros profesionales sanitarios es muy importante puesto que puede incidir no solo en su salud, sino también en su enfoque en futuras acciones preventivas como profesionales de la salud.Detectar la prevalencia del consumo de riesgo de alcohol en estudiantes de farmacia y en el profesorado y comparar el patrón de consumo entre estos grupos, y según el curso académico.Se realiza un cribado del consumo de alcohol mediante el cuestionario AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test) a estudiantes universitarios de farmacia (n=434) en el marco de un proyecto de innovación docente. Se realiza un análisis comparativo entre los estudiantes de primero y quinto curso, y el profesorado. El 31,3% de los estudiantes fueron identificados como bebedores de riesgo. La mayor prevalencia de consumidores de riesgo y las mayores puntuaciones totales se observaron en los alumnos de primer curso. Los estudiantes de primero de turno de mañana presentaron un riesgo de 1,9 (IC 95%1,1-3,1) comparado con los de quinto. La frecuencia de consumo de alcohol se incrementa con el curso académico, mientras que el número de consumiciones por día de consumo se reduce. Durante el primer año en la Facultad los estudiantes presentan una elevada prevalencia de consumo de riesgo. Puesto que con la edad se observa una tendencia decreciente en dichos consumos, es importante diseñar intervenciones preventivas que la favorezcan.
The Development of AudEx: An Audit Data Assessment System
Authors: Lombardi Danielle R. , Dull Richard B. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
Tools to assist auditors in making sound, complete, and consistent judgements have become increasingly important due to regulation, litigation, and the desire to increase audit effectiveness. Historically, expert systems have been problem specific and created from scratch. Such systems were challenging to update and had limited adaptability when applied to additional problem spaces. If an adaptable system is possible, then costs and time may be reduced related to production, testing, and implementation of quality audit tools. Increased availability of such tools could be a tremendous benefit to auditors. Using a design science research method, this paper describes the process used to create a fraud risk assessment audit tool by embedding audit rules into a generic expert system shell that is widely used in the medical field. The resulting decision and training aid can assist auditors in making fraud risk assessments. While prior research has addressed many components of the issue, the current system was created to address the current risk environment, and a variety of contexts of interest, as the risk environment changes. The system was evaluated by practicing auditors while completing a series of cases. Evaluation results support the benefits of the artifact when used to assist in fraud risk assessments.