bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Double-Passage Shape Correction Method for Predictions of Unsteady Flow and Aeroelasticity in Turbomachinery
Authors: Guo Tongqing , Zhou Di , Lu Zhiliang 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn this paper, a double-passage shape correction (DPSC) method is presented for simulation of unsteady flows around vibrating blades and aeroelastic prediction. Based on the idea of phase-lagged boundary conditions, the shape correction method was proposed aimed at efficiently dealing with unsteady flow problems in turbomachinery. However, the original single-passage shape correction (SPSC) may show the disadvantage of slow convergence of unsteady solutions and even produce nonphysical oscillation. The reason is found to be related with the disturbances on the circumferential boundaries that can not be damped by numerical schemes. To overcome these difficulties, the DPSC method is adopted here, in which the Fourier coefficients are computed from flow variables at implicit boundaries instead of circumferential boundaries in the SPSC method. This treatment actually reduces the interaction between the calculation of Fourier coefficients and the update of flow variables. Therefore a faster convergence speed could be achieved and also the solution stability is improved. The present method is developed to be suitable for viscous and turbulent flows. And for real three-dimensional (3D) problems, the rotating effects are also considered. For validation, a 2D oscillating turbine cascade, a 3D oscillating flat plate cascade and a 3D practical transonic fan rotor are investigated. Comparisons with experimental data or other solutions and relevant discussions are presented in detail. Numerical results show that the solution accuracy of DPSC method is favorable and at least comparable to the SPSC method. However, fewer iteration cycles are needed to get a converged and stable unsteady solution, which greatly improves the computational efficiency.
Unusual behaviour of a retroperitoneal sarcoma: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Azzam Ahmed , Elkak Abd Elrafea 
Published: January 2017

Retroperitoneal sarcomas are aggressive tumours with a poor prognosis. Staging and prognostic criteria do not always predict the behaviour of these tumours. We report a case of retroperitoneal sarcoma which did not quite follow the known prognostic criteria.
Analyse des processus menant à des changements dans une entreprise du secteur aéronautique : vers un modèle d’évaluation des interventions ergonomiques
Authors: Albert Valérie , Vézina Nicole , Bilodeau Henriette , Coutarel Fabien 
Published: January 2017

Bien que les changements organisationnels soient généralement considérés comme générateurs d’effets plus durables que les interventions individuelles, ils sont davantage difficiles à implanter. La littérature en changement organisationnel suggère que la participation d’acteurs-clés de différents niveaux hiérarchiques d’un milieu de travail peut contribuer à définir des changements qui seront mieux acceptés. L’ergonomie est une discipline pour laquelle la participation des divers acteurs en vue d’introduire des modifications dans une organisation du travail déficiente s’impose, depuis de nombreuses années, comme une nécessité méthodologique. Cependant, on constate un déficit de connaissances quant aux processus ou actions de l’ergonome qui mènent à l’implantation des changements.
L’objectif de cette étude de cas réalisée dans une entreprise aéronautique est de décrire finement les actions de l’ergonome, en vue d’émettre des recommandations quant aux indicateurs à inclure dans un modèle d’évaluation des processus de l’intervention ergonomique. Comme résultat, une analyse quantitative des processus a permis d’illustrer les modifications dans les stratégies de l’ergonome aux différentes étapes de l’intervention et en fonction de certains éléments-clés du contexte. Au plan qualitatif, cette étude montre à quel point les étapes préalables à l’implantation des changements sont cruciales afin de favoriser l’adhésion collective des acteurs-clés au plan d’action sur les changements à implanter.
Cette étude constitue une contribution à la problématique scientifique émergente de l’évaluation des interventions complexes, plus particulièrement celle de l’élaboration d’un modèle d’évaluation des interventions ergonomiques. Les résultats confirment, notamment, l’intérêt d’effectuer des analyses quantitatives et qualitatives des processus ainsi que l’importance de documenter les éléments-clés du contexte ayant influencé ces mêmes processus et leurs effets. Ce tant du point de vue de l’intervenant que de celui des acteurs-clés. Il est fort probable que ces constats puissent, également, s’appliquer à d’autres types d’interventions organisationnelles. Et si l’on souhaite poursuivre cet axe de recherche, l’évaluation d’une série d’interventions ergonomiques permettrait de bonifier ces résultats.
Neck biomechanics indicate that giant Transylvanian azhdarchid pterosaurs were short-necked arch predators
Authors: Naish Darren , Witton Mark P. 
Published: January 2017

Azhdarchid pterosaurs include the largest animals to ever take to the skies with some species exceeding 10 metres in wingspan and 220 kg in mass. Associated skeletons show that azhdarchids were long-necked, long-jawed predators that combined a wing planform suited for soaring with limb adaptations indicative of quadrupedal terrestrial foraging. The postcranial proportions of the group have been regarded as uniform overall, irrespective of their overall size, notwithstanding suggestions that minor variation may have been present. Here, we discuss a recently discovered giant azhdarchid neck vertebra referable toHatzegopteryxfrom the Maastrichtian Sebeş Formation of the Transylvanian Basin, Romania, which shows how some azhdarchids departed markedly from conventional views on their proportions. This vertebra, which we consider a cervical VII, is 240 mm long as preserved and almost as wide. Among azhdarchid cervicals, it is remarkable for the thickness of its cortex (4–6 mm along its ventral wall) and robust proportions. By comparing its dimensions to other giant azhdarchid cervicals and to the more completely known necks of smaller taxa, we argue thatHatzegopteryxhad a proportionally short, stocky neck highly resistant to torsion and compression. This specimen is one of several hinting at greater disparity within Azhdarchidae than previously considered, but is the first to demonstrate such proportional differences within giant taxa. On the assumption that other aspects ofHatzegopteryxfunctional anatomy were similar to those of other azhdarchids, and with reference to the absence of large terrestrial predators in the Maastrichtian of Transylvania, we suggest that this pterosaur played a dominant predatory role among the unusual palaeofauna of ancient Haţeg.
Radar attenuation in Europa's ice shell: Obstacles and opportunities for constraining the shell thickness and its thermal structure
Authors: Kalousová Klára , Schroeder Dustin M. , Soderlund Krista M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractYoung surface and possible recent endogenic activity make Europa one of the most exciting solar system bodies and a primary target for spacecraft exploration. Future Europa missions are expected to carry ice‐penetrating radar instruments designed to investigate its subsurface thermophysical structure. Several authors have addressed the radar sounders' performance at icy moons, often ignoring the complex structure of a realistic ice shell. Here we explore the variation in two‐way radar attenuation for a variety of potential thermal structures of Europa's shell (determined by reference viscosity, activation energy, tidal heating, surface temperature, and shell thickness) as well as for low and high loss temperature‐dependent attenuation model. We found that (i) for all investigated ice shell thicknesses (5–30 km), the radar sounder will penetrate between 15% and 100% of the total thickness, (ii) the maximum penetration depth varies laterally, with deepest penetration possible through cold downwellings, (iii) direct ocean detection might be possible for shells of up to 15 km thick if the signal travels through cold downwelling ice or the shell is conductive, (iv) even if the ice/ocean interface is not directly detected, penetration through most of the shell could constrain the deep shell structure through returns from deep non‐ocean interfaces or the loss of signal itself, and (v) for all plausible ice shells, the two‐way attenuation to the eutectic point is
dB which shows a robust potential for longitudinal investigation of the ice shell's shallow thermophysical structure.
Dependence of the Martian radiation environment on atmospheric depth: Modeling and measurement
Authors: Guo Jingnan , Slaba Tony C. , Zeitlin Cary , Wimmer‐Schweingruber Robert F. , Badavi Francis F. , Böhm Eckart , Böttcher Stephan , Brinza David E. , Ehresmann Bent , Hassler Donald M. , Matthiä Daniel , Rafkin Scot 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe energetic particle environment on the Martian surface is influenced by solar and heliospheric modulation and changes in the local atmospheric pressure (or column depth). The Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD) on board the Mars Science Laboratory rover Curiosity on the surface of Mars has been measuring this effect for over four Earth years (about two Martian years). The anticorrelation between the recorded surface Galactic Cosmic Ray‐induced dose rates and pressure changes has been investigated by Rafkin et al. (2014) and the long‐term solar modulation has also been empirically analyzed and modeled by Guo et al. (2015). This paper employs the newly updated HZETRN2015 code to model the Martian atmospheric shielding effect on the accumulated dose rates and the change of this effect under different solar modulation and atmospheric conditions. The modeled results are compared with the most up‐to‐date (from 14 August 2012 to 29 June 2016) observations of the RAD instrument on the surface of Mars. Both model and measurements agree reasonably well and show the atmospheric shielding effect under weak solar modulation conditions and the decline of this effect as solar modulation becomes stronger. This result is important for better risk estimations of future human explorations to Mars under different heliospheric and Martian atmospheric conditions.
Transition Metal‐Catalyzed Reactions Involving Oximes
Authors: Li Jun , Hu Yitian , Zhang Daopeng , Liu Qing , Dong Yunhui , Liu Hui 
Published: January 2017

AbstractOximes are an easily prepared and transformed unit, which are widely used in organic synthesis. The oximes, including oxime ethers and esters, could realize various transformations, such as C–H bond activation, Heck‐type reactions, N–O bond cleavage/C–N bond formation, O–H bond cleavage and couplings. However, there is no a comprehensive review on this subject. Herein, we summarize the recent advances over the past 15 years in transition metal‐catalyzed reactions involving oximes, focusing on the reaction scope, limitations and mechanisms.magnified image
Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Regioselective Decarboxylative Cyclization for the Synthesis of 4H‐Furo[3,2‐c]chromen‐4‐one Derivatives
Authors: Zha Dandan , Li Hongji , Li Shiqing , Wang Lei 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis contribution describes a regioselective cyclization of hypervalent iodine reagents (HIR) with propiolic acids in the presence of a rhodium catalyst. The mild decarboxylation can tolerate a wide range of groups and generates 4H‐furo[3,2‐c]chromen‐4‐one derivatives in good isolated yields.magnified image
PGY 3 Chief Residents in a 4‐Year Emergency Medicine Residency Training Program: A Unique Paradigm
Authors: Ehmann Michael R. , Regan Linda A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractEmergency medicine (EM) chief residents are traditionally drawn from the most‐senior class of residents. Our training program's chief residency structure is, to our knowledge, unique in that it is the only 4‐year EM training program to select PGY 3 residents as chief residents. This structure allows PGY 4 residents enrolled in a 4‐year curriculum to focus their final year of residency training on their professional development and on laying a foundation for a career in academic EM while unencumbered with the responsibilities of chief residency. Conventional thinking holds that the most senior individual is the most capable of serving in a leadership role as chief resident; our experience has shown, however, that selecting chief residents from the PGY 3 class of a 4‐year residency program is not only feasible and well received by our residents, our residency training program, and our department, but is invaluable to the development of all individuals in the PGY 4 class regardless of whether or not they served as a chief resident. We recommend that 4‐year EM residency training programs in development as well as 4‐year programs that currently use—or plan to incorporate—longitudinal academic development or track systems consider this model.
A Modified Delphi Study for Development of a Pediatric Curriculum for Emergency Medicine Residents
Authors: Mitzman Jennifer , King Andrew M. , Fastle Rebecca K. , Hopson Laura R. , Hoyle John D. , Levasseur Kelly A. , Mitchell Michael S. , O'Neill James C. , Pazderka Philip A. , Perry Marcia A. , Reynolds Maegan , Shah Payal G. , Skarbek‐Borowska Sara , Way David P. , Stanley Rachel M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectivesEmergency medicine (EM) trainees are expected to learn to provide acute care for patients of all ages. The American Council for Graduate Medical Education provides some guidance on topics related to caring for pediatric patients; however, education about pediatric topics varies across residency programs. The goal of this project was to develop a consensus curriculum for teaching pediatric emergency care.MethodsWe recruited 13 physicians from six academic health centers to participate in a three‐round electronic modified Delphi project. Participants were selected on the basis of expertise with both EM resident education and pediatric emergency care. The first modified Delphi survey asked participants to generate the core knowledge, skills, and experiences needed to prepare EM residents to effectively treat children in an acute care setting. The qualitative data from the first round was reformulated into a second‐round questionnaire. During the second round, participants used rating scales to prioritize the curriculum content proposed during the first round. In round 3, participants were asked to make a determination about each curriculum topic using a three‐point scale labeled required, optional, or not needed.ResultsThe first modified Delphi round yielded 400 knowledge topics, 206 clinical skills, and 44 specific types of experience residents need to prepare for acute pediatric patient care. These were narrowed to 153 topics, 84 skills, and 28 experiences through elimination of redundancy and two rounds of prioritization. The final lists contain topics classified by highly recommended, partially recommended, and not recommended. The partially recommended category is intended to help programs tailor their curriculum to the unique needs of their learners as well as account for variability between 3‐ and 4‐year programs and the amount of time programs allocate to pediatric education.ConclusionThe modified Delphi process yielded the broad outline of a consensus core pediatric emergency care curriculum.
Schinortriterpenoide: eine Fallstudie in Synthesedesign
Authors: Li Xin , Cheong Paul Ha‐Yeon , Carter Rich G. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractSeit den Anfängen der Totalsynthese und der retrosynthetischen Analyse haben Chemiker vielfältige Grundprinzipien für die Planung von Syntheseansätzen für komplexe Naturstoffe entwickelt. Durch diese wegweisenden Arbeiten wurde es möglich, immer komplexere Verbindungen zu synthetisieren, indem zuvor gewonnenes Wissen in neuen Szenarien angewendet wurde. Die kürzlich isolierten Naturstoffe aus der Familie der Schinortriterpenoide fanden große Aufmerksamkeit und dienten als exzellente Fallstudien, um das beim Aufbau von komplexen polycyclischen Gerüsten erworbene Wissen zu erproben. In diesem Kurzaufsatz werden die Ansätze zur Synthese dieser Naturstoffe detailliert diskutiert und einander gegenübergestellt, im Speziellen unter Berücksichtigung der sechs veröffentlichten Totalsynthesen.
Robuste “Aqua‐Materialien”: eine druckstabile, selbstorganisierte Membran zur Wasserreinigung
Authors: Cohen Erez , Weissman Haim , Shimoni Eyal , Kaplan‐Ashiri Ifat , Werle Kai , Wohlleben Wendel , Rybtchinski Boris 
Published: January 2017

Abstract“Aqua‐Materialien”, die so stabil sind wie herkömmliche Kunststoffe und dabei überwiegend aus Wasser bestehen, sind eine sehr attraktive Materialklasse, jedoch wurde die Widerstandsfähigkeit dieser Materialien gegenüber rauen Bedingungen, z. B. hohen Drücken bei industriellen Anwendungen, bisher nicht nachgewiesen. Eine Hydrogel‐artige Membran, hergestellt durch Selbstorganisation aus einem aromatischen Amphiphil und kolloidalem Nafion, ist fähig, organische Moleküle (auch Wirkstoffe) sowie Schwermetalle in einem breiten Spektrum an Konzentrationen aus zu reinigendem Wasser zu entfernen. Bemerkenswerterweise behält diese Membran auch bei hohen Drücken ihre Funktion. Die Robustheit und Funktionalität dieser wasserbasierten und selbstorganisierten Membran treibt das Konzept voran, dass auch “Aqua‐Materialien” sehr stabil sein können und damit für anspruchsvolle, großtechnische Anwendungen geeignet sind.
AAZTA: An Ideal Chelating Agent for the Development of 44Sc PET Imaging Agents
Authors: Nagy Gábor , Szikra Dezső , Trencsényi György , Fekete Anikó , Garai Ildikó , Giani Arianna M. , Negri Roberto , Masciocchi Norberto , Maiocchi Alessandro , Uggeri Fulvio , Tóth Imre , Aime Silvio , Giovenzana Giovanni B. , Baranyai Zsolt 
Published: January 2017

AbstractUnprecedented fast and efficient complexation of ScIII was demonstrated with the chelating agent AAZTA (AAZTA=1,4‐bis(carboxymethyl)‐6‐[bis(carboxymethyl)]amino‐6‐methylperhydro‐1,4‐diazepine) under mild experimental conditions. The robustness of the 44Sc(AAZTA)− chelate and conjugated biomolecules thereof is further shown by in vivo PET imaging in healthy and tumor mice models. The new results pave the way towards development of efficient Sc‐based radiopharmaceuticals using the AAZTA chelator.
Schinortriterpenoids: A Case Study in Synthetic Design
Authors: Li Xin , Cheong Paul Ha‐Yeon , Carter Rich G. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractSince the pioneering days of total synthesis and retrosynthetic analysis, the community has embraced guiding principles for planning synthetic approaches towards complex natural products. These guideposts have enabled the community to synthesize ever more complex compounds by applying prior knowledge gained in new settings. The recently isolated schinortriterpenoid family of natural products has attracted considerable synthetic attention and provided a rich opportunity to evaluate the lessons learned in the construction of complex, polycyclic scaffolds. In this Minireview, a detailed discussion of the synthetic work within this family is provided, including the six reported total syntheses, as well as a comparative analysis of the approaches utilized in their construction.
Reductive Dehydrogenation of a Stannane via Multiple Sn−H Activation by Frustrated Lewis Pairs
Authors: Sindlinger Christian P. , Aicher Frederik S. W. , Schubert Hartmut , Wesemann Lars 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA bulky substituted stannane Ar*SnH3 (Ar*=2,6‐(2′,4′,6′‐triisopropylphenyl)phenyl) was treated with the well‐known frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) PtBu3/B(C6F5)3 in varying stoichiometries. To some degree, hydride abstraction and adduct formation is observed, leading to [Ar*SnH2(PtBu3)]+ which is rather unreactive toward further dehydrogenation. In a competing process, the FLP proved to be capable of completely striping‐off hydrogen and hydrides to generate the first cationic phosphonio‐stannylene [Ar*Sn(PtBu3)]+. This behavior provides insight into the activation/abstraction mechanism processes involved in these Group 14 hydride derivatives.
Water‐Enabled Catalytic Asymmetric Michael Reactions of Unreactive Nitroalkenes: One‐Pot Synthesis of Chiral GABA‐Analogs with All‐Carbon Quaternary Stereogenic Centers
Authors: Sim Jae Hun , Song Choong Eui 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWater enables new catalytic reactions for otherwise unreactive substrate systems. Under the “on water” reaction conditions, extremely unreactive β,β‐disubstituted nitroalkenes smoothly underwent enantioselective Michael addition reactions with dithiomalonates using a chiral squaramide catalyst, affording both enantiomers of highly enantioenriched Michael adducts with all‐carbon‐substituted quaternary centers. The developed “on water” protocol was successfully applied for the scalable one‐pot syntheses of chiral GABA analogs with all‐carbon quaternary stereogenic centers at the β‐position, which might show highly interesting pharmaceutical properties.
Bifunctional Brønsted Base Catalyst Enables Regio‐, Diastereo‐, and Enantioselective Cα‐Alkylation of β‐Tetralones and Related Aromatic‐Ring‐Fused Cycloalkanones
Authors: Urruzuno Iñaki , Mugica Odei , Oiarbide Mikel , Palomo Claudio 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe catalytic asymmetric synthesis of both α‐substituted and α,α‐disubstituted (quaternary) β‐tetralones through direct α‐functionalization of the corresponding β‐tetralone precursor remains elusive. A designed Brønsted base‐squaramide bifunctional catalyst promotes the conjugate addition of either unsubstituted or α‐monosubstituted β‐tetralones to nitroalkenes. Under these reaction conditions, not only enolization, and thus functionalization, occurs at the α‐carbon atom of the β‐tetralone exclusively, but adducts including all‐carbon quaternary centers are also formed in highly diastereo‐ and enantioselective manner.
Closing the Cycle: How South Australia and Asia Can Benefit from Re‐inventing Used Nuclear Fuel Management
Authors: Heard Ben P. , Brook Barry W. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA large and growing market exists for the management of used nuclear fuel. Urgent need for service lies in Asia, also the region of the fastest growth in fossil fuel consumption. A logical potential provider of this service is acknowledged to be Australia. We describe and assess a service combining approved multinational storage with an advanced fuel reconditioning facility and commercialisation of advanced nuclear reactor technologies. We estimate that this project has the potential to deliver a net present value of (2015) AU$30.9 billion. This economic finding compares favourably with recent assessment based on deep geological repository. Providing service for used nuclear fuel and commercialisation of next generation nuclear technology would catalyse the expansion of nuclear technology for energy requirements across Asia and beyond, aiding efforts to combat climate change. Pathways based on leveraging advanced nuclear technologies are therefore worthy of consideration in the development of policy in this area.
Gold‐Catalyzed Suzuki Coupling of ortho‐Substituted Hindered Aryl Substrates
Authors: Dwadnia Nejib , Roger Julien , Pirio Nadine , Cattey Hélène , Ben Salem Ridha , Hierso Jean‐Cyrille 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA method that allows hindered ortho‐substituted aryl iodides to be efficiently coupled to phenylboronic acid using a gold‐catalyzed C−C bond formation is presented. The use of a molecularly‐defined dinuclear gold chloride catalytic precursor that is stabilized by a new tetradentate (N,N′)‐diamino‐(P,P′)‐diphosphino ferrocene hybrid ligand in a Suzuki‐type reaction is described for the first time. Electron‐rich isopropyl groups on phosphorus were found essential for a superior activity, while the performances of a set of analogous gold dinuclear complexes that were fully characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and XRD analysis, were investigated. Therefore, arylation of para and ortho‐substituted iodoarenes bearing electron‐rich, electron‐poor functional groups, and even hindered polycyclic aromatic compounds is described.