bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Financing universities throughwaqf, pious endowment: is it possible?
Authors: Mahamood Siti Mashitoh , Ab Rahman Asmak 
Published: November 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this article is to highlight the importance of waqf in financing higher education. Nowadays, higher education is costly and this has prevented students, especially those who are self-financed, from accessing such learning environments. This paper offer an alternative solution to relieve such a situation, namely, through the application of an endowment-based orwaqfeducational institution. The study suggests a way to establish an endowment university by concentrating the discussion on the concept and principles of its establishment, as well as sharing the experiences of the Malaysianwaqfuniversities and the Turkish Foundation Universities/Vakif Üniversitesi in financing their universities usingwaqf, i.e. a pious endowment instrument.Design/methodology/approach– The empirical data were mainly collected using in-depth interviews with the universities’ higher management authorities and some of the members of the board of trustees.Findings– The findings show that the role ofwaqfor pious endowment is significant in providing financial assistance to their communities as well as strengthening their academic quality. In addition, tawhidic epistemology together with morality and ethics have influencedwaqfdonors or founders to donate their wealth and property to enrich and sustain universities and higher education.Originality/value– This article provides the experiences of the MalaysianWaqfUniversities and the Turkish Foundation Universities/Vakif Üniversitesi in financing their universities usingwaqf. It also contains some good examples from the experience of several earlier Islamic civilizations, in particular those of the Ottoman Empire and the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt. In addition, examples of the implementation ofwaqfand endowment-based universities in the UK and USA as well as the Al-Azhar University of Egypt is also included.
The development of an evaluation framework for a Hospital at Home service
Authors: Jester Rebecca , Titchener Karen , Doyle-Blunden Janet , Caldwell Christine 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to share good practice with interested professionals, commissioners and health service managers regarding the development of an evidence-based approach to evaluation of an integrated care service providing acute level care for patients in their own homes in South London called the Guys and St Thomas’ @home service.

Design/methodology/approach
– A literature review related to Hospital at Home (HH) schemes was carried out with an aim of scoping approaches used during previous evaluations of HH type interventions to inform the development of an evaluation strategy for @home. The results of the review were then applied to the Donabedian conceptual model: Structure; Process; and Outcome and contextualised to the population being served by the scheme to ensure a robust, practical and comprehensive approach to evaluation.

Findings
– Due to the heterogeneity of the studies it was not possible to conduct a systematic review or meta-analysis. In total, 28 studies were identified that met the inclusion criteria and included both HH to facilitate early discharge and admission prevention across a wide range of conditions. The key finding was there is a dearth of literature evaluating staff preparation to work on HH, models of delivery, specifically integrated care and trans-disciplinary working and few studies included the experiences of family carers.

Originality/value
– This paper will be of value to those involved in the commissioning and delivery of HH and other models of integrated care services type services and will help to inform evaluation strategies that are practical, evidence based and include all stakeholder perspectives.
The local effect of octreotide on mechanical pain sensitivity is more sensitive in DA rats than DA.1U rats
Authors: Yao Fan‐Rong , Wang Hui‐Sheng , Guo Yuan , Zhao Yan 
Published: November 2015

SummaryA recent study by the authors indicated that major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes are associated with the differences in basal pain sensitivity and in formalin model between Dark‐Agouti (DA) and novel congenic DA.1U rats, which have the same genetic background as DA rats except for the u alleles of MHC. The objective of the present study is to investigate whether there is a difference in the pristane‐induced arthritis (PIA) model and local analgesic effect of octreotide (OCT) between DA and DA.1U rats. The hindpaw mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) and heat withdrawal latency (HWL) were observed. The C unit firings of the tibial nerve evoked by non‐noxious and noxious toe movements were recorded by electrophysiological methods in normal and PIA models in DA and DA.1U rats before and after local OCT administration. The expression of somatostatin receptor 2A (SSTR2A) was observed by immunohistochemistry. The results demonstrate that DA rats have a higher mechanical sensitivity than DA.1U rats after PIA. Local OCT administration significantly elevated MWT in DA rats under normal and PIA sate, but not in DA.1U rats. The electrophysiological experiments showed OCT significantly attenuated the firings of C units evoked by non‐noxious and noxious stimulation in DA rats more than those in DA.1U rats both in normal and PIA states. In addition, the expression of SSTR2A in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord was significantly higher in DA than in DA.1U rats. All of the findings suggest a higher local analgesic effect of OCT in DA rats than DA.1U rats, which might be associated with the MHC genes.
In situ protein‐SIP highlights Burkholderiaceae as key players degrading toluene by para ring hydroxylation in a constructed wetland model
Authors: Lünsmann Vanessa , Kappelmeyer Uwe , Benndorf René , Martinez‐Lavanchy Paula M. , Taubert Anja , Adrian Lorenz , Duarte Marcia , Pieper Dietmar H. , von Bergen Martin , Müller Jochen A. , Heipieper Hermann J. , Jehmlich Nico 
Published: November 2015

SummaryIn constructed wetlands, organic pollutants are mainly degraded via microbial processes. Helophytes, plants that are commonly used in these systems, provide oxygen and root exudates to the rhizosphere, stimulating microbial degradation. While the treatment performance of constructed wetlands can be remarkable, a mechanistic understanding of microbial degradation processes in the rhizosphere is still limited. We investigated microbial toluene removal in a constructed wetland model system combining 16S rRNA gene sequencing, metaproteomics and 13C‐toluene in situ protein‐based stable isotope probing (protein‐SIP). The rhizospheric bacterial community was dominated by Burkholderiales and Rhizobiales, each contributing about 20% to total taxon abundance. Protein‐SIP data revealed that the members of Burkholderiaceae, the proteins of which showed about 73% of 13C‐incorporation, were the main degraders of toluene in the planted system, while the members of Comamonadaceae were involved to a lesser extent in degradation (about 64% 13C‐incorporation). Among the Burkholderiaceae, one of the key players of toluene degradation could be assigned to Ralstonia pickettii. We observed that the main pathway of toluene degradation occurred via two subsequent monooxygenations of the aromatic ring. Our study provides a suitable approach to assess the key processes and microbes that are involved in the degradation of organic pollutants in complex rhizospheric ecosystems.
Functional metagenomic selection of ribulose 1, 5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from uncultivated bacteria
Authors: Varaljay Vanessa A. , Satagopan Sriram , North Justin A. , Witte Brian , Dourado Manuella N. , Anantharaman Karthik , Arbing Mark A. , McCann Shelley Hoeft , Oremland Ronald S. , Banfield Jillian F. , Wrighton Kelly C. , Tabita F. Robert 
Published: November 2015

SummaryRibulose 1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RubisCO) is a critical yet severely inefficient enzyme that catalyses the fixation of virtually all of the carbon found on Earth. Here, we report a functional metagenomic selection that recovers physiologically active RubisCO molecules directly from uncultivated and largely unknown members of natural microbial communities. Selection is based on CO2‐dependent growth in a host strain capable of expressing environmental deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), precluding the need for pure cultures or screening of recombinant clones for enzymatic activity. Seventeen functional RubisCO‐encoded sequences were selected using DNA extracted from soil and river autotrophic enrichments, a photosynthetic biofilm and a subsurface groundwater aquifer. Notably, three related form II RubisCOs were recovered which share high sequence similarity with metagenomic scaffolds from uncultivated members of the Gallionellaceae family. One of the Gallionellaceae RubisCOs was purified and shown to possess CO2/O2 specificity typical of form II enzymes. X‐ray crystallography determined that this enzyme is a hexamer, only the second form II multimer ever solved and the first RubisCO structure obtained from an uncultivated bacterium. Functional metagenomic selection leverages natural biological diversity and billions of years of evolution inherent in environmental communities, providing a new window into the discovery of CO2‐fixing enzymes not previously characterized.
From family to relational SCORE‐15: an alternative adult version of a systemic self‐report measure for couples and LGB People
Authors: Teh Yang Yang , Lask Judith , Stratton Peter 
Published: November 2015

SCORE‐15 is a self‐report measure developed for systemic approaches to therapy. This article describes a pilot study designed to test the reliability and content validity of the original SCORE‐15 for lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) adults in the UK. Quantitative data analyses conducted with an LGB sample (n = 59) and a non‐LGB sample (n = 57) found sufficient temporal and internal reliability in the SCORE‐15 but with some exceptions for the communication subscale. The content validity of SCORE‐15 was checked via group discussions with two clinical professionals groups (n = 7) and a gay/bisexual men group (n = 8). An alternative adult version of SCORE‐15 named the relational SCORE‐15 or the R‐SCORE‐15 was constructed and its content validity was checked by the original clinical professionals and an additional professional group (n = 8). The R‐SCORE‐15 has content validity for clinical use with couples and LGB people in relationship therapy.Practitioner points

SCORE‐15 is a systemic self‐report measure reliable for routine clinical use with LGB people and couples in the UK to measure relational changes.
The use of the term family affects the content validity of SCORE‐15 for LGB people and couples who may not regard family as their primary relationships.
R‐SCORE‐15 is a recommended alternative to SCORE‐15 for couples, LGB people and those who may not define significant relationships via biology or marital ties.
Underrepresentation of active histone modification marks in evolutionarily young genes
Authors: Yu Daqi , Shi Wenwen , Zhang Yong E. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIt is known that evolutionarily new genes can rapidly evolve essential roles in fundamental biological processes. Nevertheless, the underlying molecular mechanism of how they acquire their novel transcriptional pattern is less characterized except for the role of cis‐regulatory evolution. Epigenetic modification offers an alternative possibility. Here, we examined how histone modifications have changed among different gene age groups in Drosophila melanogaster by integrative analyses of an updated new gene dataset and published epigenomic data. We found a robust pattern across various datasets where both the coverage and intensity of active histone modifications, histone 3 lysine 4 trimethylation and lysine 36 trimethylation, increased with evolutionary age. Such a temporal correlation is negative and much weaker for the repressive histone mark, lysine 9 trimethylation, which is expected given its major association with heterochromatin. By further comparison with neighboring old genes, the depletion of active marks of new genes could be only partially explained by the local epigenetic context. All these data are consistent with the observation that older genes bear relatively higher expression levels and suggest that the evolution of histone modifications could be implicated in transcriptional evolution after gene birth.
Molecular cloning and expression analysis of a myosin light chain 1 (MLC‐1) gene from Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
Authors: Liu Qiu‐Ning , Bian Dan‐Dan , Zhou Chun‐Lin , Tang Bo‐Ping 
Published: November 2015

AbstractMyosin light chain 1 (MLC‐1) protein acts in the organization, dynamics and transport processes associated with the cytoskeleton. In this work, an MLC‐1 gene was cloned and characterized from the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). The isolated PiMLC‐1 cDNA is 913 bp, including a 5′‐untranslated region (UTR) of 79 bp, 3′‐UTR of 381 bp and an open reading frame (ORF) of 453 bp encoding a polypeptide of 150 amino acids, which contains two calcium binding domains (EF‐hands). The deduced PiMLC‐1 protein sequence has 39–94% comparison with other individuals. The qPCR analysis revealed that PiMLC‐1 was expressed in the four developmental stages (egg, larva, pupa and adult) and in all tissues tested, suggesting that it plays an important role in development of P. interpunctella. Based on the MLC‐1 amino acids, phylogenetic analysis showed a similar topology with the traditional classification, suggesting the potential value of the MLC‐1 protein in phylogenetic inference.
Randomised controlled trial of spinal anaesthesia with bupivacaine or 2‐chloroprocaine during caesarean section
Authors: Maes S. , Laubach M. , Poelaert J. 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundNeuraxial anaesthesia is the desired method for Caesarean section. Bupivacaine is a well‐known local anaesthetic. It has a long duration of action and can cause unpredictable levels of anaesthesia with subsequent prolonged discharge time. 2‐Chloroprocaine has a rapid onset of action, producing an excellent sensory and motor block and has a rapid hydrolysis in the bloodstream by pseudocholinesterase. We compared bupivacaine and 2‐chloroprocaine for spinal anaesthesia during Caesarean section. The primary endpoint was the earliest reversal sign of the motor block.MethodsSixty ASAI/II patients, planned for elective singleton Caesarean section, were equally randomised to three groups. All patients received a combined spinal–epidural anaesthesia. The first group received 2‐chloroprocaine (40 mg) without sufentanil, the second group received 2‐chloroprocaine (40 mg) with sufentanil (1 μg) and the third group received hyperbaric bupivacaine (7.5 mg) with sufentanil (1 μg) as a spinal anaesthetic. Motor and sensory blockade were assessed at specific time points.ResultsThere was no difference between the three groups regarding the time to regression of the motor block. However, at 5 min post spinal injection, the level of sensory block was higher for both groups with 2‐chloroprocaine, in comparison with the bupivacaine group.Conclusion2‐Chloroprocaine can be used for low risk Caesarean section in healthy parturients. There is no difference in time to motor block resolution compared to bupivacaine.Motor recovery seems more predictable for 2‐chloroprocaine and may be beneficial for the breastfeeding initiation.
Transcriptomic landscape for lymphocyte count variation in poly I:C‐induced porcine peripheral blood
Authors: Wang H. , Hou Y. , Guo J. , Chen H. , Liu X. , Wu Z. , Zhao S. , Zhu M. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryLymphocyte count is an important phenotypic metric that has been reported to be related to the individual antiviral capacity of pigs and other mammals. To date, aside from information regarding several genes and pathways, little is known about the mechanism by which gene expression affects variation in lymphocyte count. In this work, we investigated the lymphocyte count variation after poly I:C stimulation and compared the transcriptomes of pigs with large and small differences of lymphocyte counts before and after poly I:C stimulation. Pigs with large and small differences of lymphocyte counts were designated as extreme response (ER) and moderate response (MR) pigs respectively. Lymphocyte counts in all animals were observed to decline after poly I:C stimulation. Transcriptomic analysis identified 1121 transcripts (981 differentially expressed genes) in MR pigs and 1045 transcripts (904 differentially expressed genes) in ER pigs. We found that the majority of the differentially expressed genes were involved in both innate and adaptive immune responses. However, the innate immune response of ER pigs was more rapid than that of MR pigs. Results indicated that the activation of signaling pathways associated with cell death, cytotoxicity and apoptosis may contribute to the poly I:C‐induced decrease of lymphocyte counts in the periphery. Moreover, the differential expression patterns of chemokines and FAS either totally or partially provided an interpretation for the different degrees of decrease in the lymphocyte counts between MR and ER pigs. Overall, our study will provide further understanding of the molecular basis for the antiviral capacity of pigs and other mammals.
Future of family support: Projected living arrangements and income sources of older people in Hong Kong up to 2030
Authors: Ng Kok‐Hoe 
Published: November 2015

AimThe study aims to project future trends in living arrangements and access to children's cash contributions and market income sources among older people in Hong Kong.MethodA cell‐based model was constructed by combining available population projections, labour force projections, an extrapolation of the historical trend in living arrangements based on national survey datasets and a regression model on income sources.ResultsUnder certain assumptions, the proportion of older people living with their children may decline from 59 to 48% during 2006–2030. Although access to market income sources may improve slightly, up to 20% of older people may have no access to either children's financial support or market income sources, and will not live with their children by 2030.ConclusionFamily support is expected to contract in the next two decades. Public pensions should be expanded to protect financially vulnerable older people.
Psychosocial factors significantly predict driving self‐regulation in Australian older adults
Authors: Wong Ides Y. , Smith Simon S. , Sullivan Karen A. 
Published: November 2015

AimsThis study aimed to investigate: (i) whether attitudes and beliefs about driving predict older adults’ driving self‐regulation, and how much variance in self‐regulation can be explained by these factors; and (ii) if driving confidence is controlled, whether attitudes and beliefs remain significant independent predictors of driving self‐regulation.MethodThe present study examined the psychosocial factors that underlie driving self‐regulation in 277 older adults within Australia. Participants completed standardised questionnaires about their driving, attitudes, belief and use of driving self‐regulation.ResultsDriving confidence, affective and instrumental attitude, and perceived behavioural control were all significant predictors of driving self‐regulation. The combination of these factors accounted for 56% of the variance in driving self‐regulation.ConclusionDriving self‐regulation is a complex behaviour influenced by a wide range of psychosocial factors. Improved understanding of these factors could inform strategies to improve older driver safety and influence the advice that people receive.
Cold subcutaneous abscesses as the first manifestation of disseminated coccidioidomycosis in an immunocompromised host
Authors: Garza‐Chapa Juana Irma , Martínez‐Cabriales Sylvia Aide , Ocampo‐Garza Jorge , Gómez‐Flores Minerva , Ocampo‐Candiani Jorge , Welsh Oliverio 
Published: November 2015

AbstractCoccidioidomycosis is an endemic fungal infection in the southwestern USA and northern Mexico. It is caused by Coccidioides immitis and C. posadasii. This infection occurs due to the inhalation of airborne arthroconidia, causing a mild pulmonary infection, but most cases are asymptomatic. Disseminated coccidioidomycosis (DC) is a rare entity occurring in less than 1% of all cases, usually in immunocompromised patients, and it carries high risks of morbidity and mortality. The skin is one of the most frequently affected organs and in some cases cutaneous lesions may be the first or only sign of infection. A wide spectrum of clinical lesions may develop, including cold abscess. In immunocompromised hosts, DC represents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Treatment is based on antifungal drugs, such as amphotericin B and azoles, administered for long periods of time and under close follow up to monitor the treatment response and to detect relapse. In the following case report, we present a 35‐year‐old male patient with systemic lupus erythematosus under immunosuppressive therapy who presented with cold subcutaneous abscesses as the first sign of DC.
Associations of outdoor play and screen time with nocturnal sleep duration and pattern among young children
Authors: Xu Huilan , Wen Li Ming , Hardy Louise L. , Rissel Chris 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAimSleep duration and pattern have important implications for children's health. This study aims to investigate nocturnal sleep duration, sleep pattern and their relationships with outdoor play and screen time among children aged 2 to five years.MethodsThe study used data from the Healthy Beginnings Trial undertaken in Sydney, Australia. Data on children's sleep, outdoor playtime and screen time were reported by mothers via face‐to‐face interviews when children were 2, 3.5 and five years old. Both cross‐sectional and longitudinal analyses were conducted.ResultsAt age 2, 3.5 and five years, 497, 415 and 369 mother–child dyads participated. Significantly, there was an overall increase in children's nocturnal sleep duration, sleep latency and an earlier bedtime, and there was a decrease in the proportion of children who woke at night over time. Each additional hour of screen time was associated with three‐minute (95% CI 0.6–5) shorter sleep, 1.6‐minute (95% CI 0.59–2.63) longer sleep latency, four‐minute (95% CI 1.8–6.0) later bedtime and less likely sleeping ≥10 hours per night with adjusted odds ratio 0.88 (95% CI 0.77–1.00), after controlling for mothers' demographics.ConclusionAmong young children, screen time and outdoor playtime were associated with sleep duration and pattern. Reducing screen time and increasing outdoor playtime might help improving children's sleep.