bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender-equal organizations as a prerequisite for workplace learning
Authors: Johansson Kristina , Abrahamsson Lena 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to explore how gendering of the learning environment acts to shape the design and outcome of workplace learning. The primary intention is to reflect on the idea of gender-equal organizations as a prerequisite for workplace learning.

Design/methodology/approach
A review of literature relating to gender and workplace learning was conducted with the relation between gender-(un)equal organizations and the design and outcome of workplace learning as the focus of the analysis. This was followed by an analysis of the characteristics of an organization that promote both adoptive and developmental workplace learning.

Findings
The literature shows how the gendering of the learning environment acts to shape workplace learning, often by preventing development learning and limiting adoptive learning to already privileged groups. To facilitate development, workplace learning requires that organizations are guided by nuanced knowledge of work organization and strategically use workplace learning to challenge existing power relations; that they are not characterised by gender segregation; and that the presence and protection of gendered practices and identities do not dominate learning activities.

Practical implications
Stressing gender-equal organizations as a prerequisite for learning requires stakeholders to integrate a gender perspective in the design of workplace learning.

Originality/value
This paper contributes to the literature considering workplace learning by highlighting how gender-equal organizations constitutes a prerequisite for workplace learning and in defining a few basic characteristics of such organizations.
Unseen and unheard? Women managers and organizational learning
Authors: Martin Lynn M. , Lord Gemma , Warren-Smith Izzy 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to use (in)visibility as a lens to understand the lived experience of six women managers in the headquarters of a large multinational organization in the UK to identify how “gender” is expressed in the context of organizational learning.

Design/methodology/approach
The researchers take a phenomenological approach via qualitative data collection with a purposeful sample – the six female managers in a group of 24. Data were collected through quarterly semi-structured interviews over 12 months with the themes – knowledge, interaction and gender.

Findings
Organizations seek to build advantage to gain and retain competitive leadership. Their resilience in a changing task environment depends on their ability to recognize, gain and use knowledge likely to deliver these capabilities. Here, gender was a barrier to effective organizational learning with women’s knowledge and experience often unseen and unheard.

Research limitations/implications
This is a piece of research limited to exploration of gender as other, but ethnicity, age, social class, disability and sexual preference, alone or in combination, may be equally subject to invisibility in knowledge terms; further research would be needed to test this however.

Practical implications
Practical applications relate to the need for organizations to examine and address their operations for exclusion based on perceived “otherness”. Gendered organizations cause problems for their female members, but they also exclude the experience and knowledge of key individuals as seen here, where gender impacted on effective knowledge sharing and cocreation of knowledge.

Social implications
The study offers further evidence of gendered organizations and their impacts on organizational effectiveness, but it also offers insights into the continues social acceptance of a masculinized normative model for socio-economic practice.

Originality/value
This exploration of gender and organizational learning offers new insights to help explain the way in which organizational learning occurs – or fails to occur – with visibility/invisibility of one group shaped by gendered attitudes and processes. It shows that organizational learning is not gender neutral (as it appears in mainstream organizational learning research) and calls for researchers to include this as a factor in future research.
Abrupt generalized pustules in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and interstitial lung disease
Authors: Deng Wei , Miao Chaoyang , Zhang Xiaoyan 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe report a case of a 30‐year‐old Chinese woman with rheumatoid arthritis and interstitial lung disease who abruptly developed generalized pustules and a high fever for 10 days. She had been taking oral prednisone, iguratimod and total glucosides of peony regularly for 5 months prior. In addition, she had taken metronidazole for 3 days 20 days prior which she had used before with no adverse reaction. She had no history of similar lesions and psoriasis. A biopsy of a pustule on the back showed spongiform pustule of Kogoj. She was suspected of having generalized pustular psoriasis or acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis. Finally, she was diagnosed with generalized pustular psoriasis (von Zumbusch type) considering the characteristics and clinical course of the rash. In addition to the above three drugs, systemic cyclosporin (5 mg/kg per day) was applied, and the lesions and fever resolved within the proceeding 2 months.
Economic assessment of actual prescription of drugs for treatment of atopic dermatitis: Differences between dermatology and pediatrics in large‐scale receipt data
Authors: Komura Yoko , Kogure Takamichi , Kawahara Kazuo , Yokozeki Hiroo 
Published: November 2017

AbstractUsing large‐scale receipt data, we analyzed the differences in the prescription of drugs and their costs between dermatology and pediatrics in the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) in children. Between August 2010 and July 2011, 50 706 patients were diagnosed as having AD, and the data of 21 075 (15 257 dermatology, 5818 pediatric) patients aged 0–14 years were included in this study. The use of classes I (strongest), II (very strong), and III (strong) topical corticosteroids and tacrolimus was significantly higher in dermatology than in pediatrics (class I, 2.88% vs 0.76%; class II, 27.68% vs 8.32%; class III, 52.53% vs 39.88%; tacrolimus, 5.05% vs 2.82%; all P < 0.05). Although total drug costs were higher in dermatology than in pediatrics, mean drug costs per person were significantly higher in pediatrics. Moisturizers and protective agents had the highest cost (~ ¥690 million). The introduction rate of generic drugs was low at 8.3% among classes I–V. The introduction rate of moisturizers and protective agents, for which costs were the highest, was approximately 9%. The prescription of generic classes II–V topical corticosteroids and moisturizers and protective agents was also significantly higher in dermatology than in pediatrics (P < 0.05). Among patients younger than 2 years, 4405 received drugs for AD; classes I and II topical corticosteroids and tacrolimus (against the guidelines) were administrated in 35 (0.8%), 474 (10.8%) and 29 patients (0.7%), respectively. The introduction of generic drugs is still low, and the use of generic moisturizers and protective agents should be addressed further.
Second Major Redesign of the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)
Authors: Langton Lynn , Planty Michael , Lynch James P. 
Published: November 2017

Research SummarySince 1973, the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) has served as a key source of data on the level and nature of crime and its consequences. To keep pace with the changing landscape of crime, as well as with the technological advances in survey research, occasional “redesigns” of the survey are necessary to modernize and improve the utility of data collected.Policy ImplicationsThis article describes recent and ongoing efforts to redesign (a) the NCVS survey instruments to reflect the changing demographics of victims, emerging crime types, and timely issues related to victimization risk and victim responses to crime and (b) the NCVS sample to generate state and local estimates of crime. The implications of these improvements for researchers and policy makers are discussed.
Seed loss before seed predation: experimental evidence of the negative effects of leaf feeding insects on acorn production
Authors: CANELO Tara , GAYTÁN Álvaro , GONZÁLEZ‐BORNAY Guillermo , BONAL Raul 
Published: November 2017

AbstractInsect herbivory decreases plant fitness by constraining plant growth, survival and reproductive output. Most studies on the effects of herbivory in trees rely on correlational inter‐individual comparisons and could, thus, be affected by confounding factors linked to both herbivory and plant performance. Using the Mediterranean Holm oak (Quercus ilex) as a study model, we followed an experimental approach in which leaf‐feeding insects (mainly Lepidoptera caterpillars) were excluded from some shoots in all study trees. Shoots subjected to herbivore exclusion exhibited lower defoliation rates and produced more acorns than control shoots. Defoliation constrained shoot growth throughout the study period, but had no effect on the number of female flowers produced per shoot. Acorn production was, however, lower in control shoots due to their higher abortion rates, and also to their greater mortality risk during summer drought, as shoots with fewer leaves were less likely to survive. Plant reaction to herbivory inhibits certain physiological pathways involved in plant growth, which, together with the effects of physical damage, reduces the amount and efficiency of the photosynthetic tissue. This increases their vulnerability to environmental stresses, such as water deficit, which limit resource assimilation. Defoliation is likely a key factor affecting oak regeneration, as it may be a significant source of seed loss prior to pre‐dispersal acorn predation. Further experimental studies could help to elucidate its effects in contrasting environments. In Mediterranean regions, the harsher droughts predicted by climate change models could worsen the effects of insect herbivory on oak reproductive output.
Role of seed size, phenology, oogenesis and host distribution in the specificity and genetic structure of seed weevils (Curculio spp.) in mixed forests
Authors: ARIAS‐LECLAIRE Harold , BONAL Raúl , GARCÍA‐LÓPEZ Daniel , ESPELTA Josep Maria 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSynchrony between seed growth and oogenesis is suggested to largely shape trophic breadth of seed‐feeding insects and ultimately to contribute to their co‐existence by means of resource partitioning or in the time when infestation occurs. Here we investigated: (i) the role of seed phenology and sexual maturation of females in the host specificity of seed‐feeding weevils (Curculio spp.) predating in hazel and oak mixed forests; and (ii) the consequences that trophic breadth and host distribution have in the genetic structure of the weevil populations. DNA analyses were used to establish unequivocally host specificity and to determine the population genetic structure. We identified 4 species with different specificity, namely Curculio nucum females matured earlier and infested a unique host (hazelnuts, Corylus avellana) while 3 species (Curculio venosus, Curculio glandium and Curculio elephas) predated upon the acorns of the 2 oaks (Quercus ilex and Quercus pubescens). The high specificity of C. nucum coupled with a more discontinuous distribution of hazel trees resulted in a significant genetic structure among sites. In addition, the presence of an excess of local rare haplotypes indicated that C. nucum populations went through genetic expansion after recent bottlenecks. Conversely, these effects were not observed in the more generalist Curculio glandium predating upon oaks. Ultimately, co‐existence of weevil species in this multi‐host‐parasite system is influenced by both resource and time partitioning. To what extent the restriction in gene flow among C. nucum populations may have negative consequences for their persistence in a time of increasing disturbances (e.g. drought in Mediterranean areas) deserves further research.
The Joint Effect of Audit Quality and Legal Regimes on the Use of Real Earnings Management: International Evidence
Authors: Choi Ahrum , Choi Jong‐Hag , Sohn Byungcherl Charlie 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTThis study investigates whether and how a firm's real earnings management (REM) is influenced by the strength of a country's legal regime and the presence of a Big 4 auditor. In a cross‐country examination using data from 22 countries, we find that REM increases in countries with stronger legal regimes as firms switch from accrual‐based earnings management (AEM) to REM. The presence of a Big 4 auditor reduces REM (as well as AEM) and attenuates the positive relation between legal regime strength and REM. Our results suggest that higher‐quality auditors limit client firms’ use of REM, especially in countries with a strong legal regime.
Conflicting Transfer Pricing Incentives and the Role of Coordination
Authors: Blouin Jennifer L. , Robinson Leslie A. , Seidman Jeri K. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractOur study evaluates the role of coordination, at both the government and the firm level, on the transfer prices set by U.S. multinational corporations (MNCs) when income taxes and duties cannot be jointly minimized with a single transfer price. We find that either the presence of a coordinated income tax and customs enforcement regime or coordination between the income tax and customs functions alters transfer prices for these firms. Our analyses have implications for both firms and taxing authorities. Specifically, our findings suggest that MNCs might decrease their aggregate tax burdens by increasing coordination within the firm or that governments might increase their aggregate revenues by improving coordinating enforcement across taxing authorities. Our study is novel in that we document, in a specific setting, how coordination influences MNCs’ tax reporting behavior.
Analyst earnings forecast precision and local advantage: evidence from American depositary receipt firms
Authors: Comiran Fernando , Siriviriyakul Subprasiri 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPrior research has documented a finding that local analysts provide more accurate earnings forecasts than nonlocal analysts in many settings. However, little is known about local and nonlocal analysts’ relative earnings forecast abilities for ADR stocks. In this study, we find that the local advantage disappears for ADR stocks and that nonlocal analysts in fact outperform local ones in this case. We investigate the source of this ‘local disadvantage’ and find evidence against hypotheses based on accounting standards and exchange rates. We document that the local advantage decreases with increased investor interest in foreign firms, consistent with our nonlocal investors’ interest hypothesis.
N‐Methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor co‐agonist availability affects behavioral and neurochemical responses to cocaine: insights into comorbid schizophrenia and substance abuse
Authors: Puhl Matthew D. , Desai Rajeev I. , Takagi Shunsuke , Presti Kendall T. , Doyle Michelle R. , Donahue Rachel J. , Landino Samantha M. , Bergman Jack , Carlezon William A. , Coyle Joseph T. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBoth schizophrenia (SZ) and substance abuse (SA) exhibit significant heritability. Moreover, N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptors (NMDARs) have been implicated in the pathophysiology of both SZ and SA. We hypothesize that the high prevalence of comorbid SA in SZ is due to dysfunction of NMDARs caused by shared risk genes. We used transgenic mice with a null mutation of the gene encoding serine racemase (SR), the enzyme that synthesizes the NMDAR co‐agonist d‐serine and an established risk gene for SZ, to recreate the pathology of SZ. We determined the effect of NMDAR hypofunction resulting from the absence of d‐serine on motivated behavior by using intracranial self‐stimulation and neurotransmitter release in the nucleus accumbens by using in vivo microdialysis. Compared with wild‐type mice, SR−/− mice exhibited similar baseline intracranial self‐stimulation thresholds but were less sensitive to the threshold‐lowering (rewarding) and the performance‐elevating (stimulant) effects of cocaine. While basal dopamine (DA) and glutamate release were elevated in the nucleus accumbens of SR−/− mice, cocaine‐induced increases in DA and glutamate release were blunted. γ‐Amino‐butyric acid efflux was unaffected in the SR−/− mice. Together, these findings suggest that the impaired NMDAR function and a consequent decrease in sensitivity to cocaine effects on behavior are mediated by blunted DA and glutamate responses normally triggered by the drug. Projected to humans, NMDAR hypofunction due to mutations in SR or other genes impacting glutamatergic function in SZ may render abused substances less potent and effective, thus requiring higher doses to achieve a hedonic response, resulting in elevated drug exposure and increased dependence/addiction.
Lifetime marijuana use and subclinical atherosclerosis: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study
Authors: Auer Reto , Sidney Stephen , Goff David , Vittinghoff Eric , Pletcher Mark J. , Allen Norrina B. , Reis Jared P. , Lewis Cora E. , Carr Jeffrey , Rana Jamal S. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackground and aimsUnlike tobacco, the effect of marijuana smoke on subclinical atherosclerosis, a surrogate measure for cardiovascular disease, is not known. This study aimed to determine the association between lifetime exposure to marijuana and measures of subclinical atherosclerosis in mid‐life.Design, setting and participantsWe used data from the US‐based Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, a cohort of black and white men and women aged 18–30 years at baseline in 1985–86, with up to seven follow‐up examinations over 25 years. A total of 3498 participants in the CARDIA study were included in this study.MeasurementsCumulative years of exposure to marijuana (expressed in ‘marijuana‐years’, with 1 marijuana‐year equivalent to 365 days of use) using repeated assessments every 2–5 years for 25 years. Abdominal artery calcium (AAC) and coronary artery calcium (CAC) scores were measured by computed tomography at year 25 examination.ResultsAmong 3117 participants with AAC and CAC measurements, 2627 (84%) reported past marijuana use and 1536 (49%) past daily tobacco smoking. Compared with tobacco smokers, 46% of whom reported 10 or more pack‐years of use, only 12% of marijuana users reported 5 or more marijuana‐years of use and only 6% reported having used marijuana daily. We found a significant interaction between never and ever tobacco users on the association between cumulative marijuana use and AAC (P = 0.05). Among those who never smoked tobacco, cumulative marijuana‐years were not associated with AAC or CAC in models adjusted for demographics, cardiovascular risk factors, licit and illicit drug exposure and depression symptoms. However, among ever tobacco smokers, marijuana exposure was associated with AAC and CAC. At 5 marijuana‐years of exposure, using AAC = 0 and CAC = 0 as a reference group, the odds ratio (OR) was 1.97 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.21–3.21, P = 0.007] for AAC > 0/CAC = 0 and 1.83 (95% CI = 1.02–3.31, P = 0.04) for CAC > 0), regardless of AAC. Tobacco smoking was associated strongly with both AAC and CAC.ConclusionMarijuana use appears to be associated with subclinical atherosclerosis, but only among ever tobacco users.
Animal models used in furcation perforation studies: A systematic review and comprehensive synthesis of model characteristics
Authors: Cardoso Miguel , Catré Dora , Noites Rita , Paulo Manuel , Viegas Carlos 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn order to systematise furcation perforation (FP) experimental animal models described in the literature and to determine whether there is evidence that a model is superior to others, MEDLINE/PubMed, SciELO and Cochrane Library were searched to find studies which used animal models of FP. Data were gathered concerning model characteristics, chosen groups, sample numbers, type of outcomes, journal and main area studied. Twenty‐five articles were included in this systematic review, four conducted in rodent models, three in non‐human primates and 18 in dogs. Medians were six animals and 34 teeth per study; 10 teeth per test group and, when performed, six teeth per control group. Twenty‐four studies investigated the use of materials for FP repair; eight also tested adjuvant materials/substances. Although there is no model which can be described as ideal and superior than others for FP studies, dogs appear to possess the most suitable model characteristics.
The effect of seeding densities on old cultivated fields in Marakele National Park, Thabazimbi, South Africa
Authors: van Staden Piet J. , Bredenkamp George J. , Bezuidenhout Hugo , Brown Leslie R. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractLarge areas of the bushveld bioregion are converted from natural rangeland to cultivated fields for economic purposes. Conversion of grasslands to agricultural land alters the vegetation structure, plant species composition and ecological functioning. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the effectiveness of different seeding densities to enhance the restoration of old cultivated fields in Marakele National Park. Before these areas along the Motlhabatsi River were incorporated into the Park they were used for cultivation of crops. In an attempt to restore these areas to an improved condition, this pilot study was undertaken to determine best practice. One study area comprising two experimental sites and one control site were selected. A seed mixture consisting of natural grass species to the area was selected and sown at two different seed densities. The sites were monitored for a 2‐year period for species diversity and composition. Data were analysed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA), while species diversity was calculated for the different experimental sites using the Shannon–Wiener index. Limited differences were observed between the two seeding densities. The results indicate that seeding degraded grasslands in these bushveld areas enhance the diversity and evenness of the degraded land.
Analysis of household's energy consumption, forest degradation and plantation requirements in Eastern Tigray, Northern Ethiopia
Authors: Teka Kassa , Welday Yemane , Haftu Mulu 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis study examines the link between household's energy consumption, forest degradation and plantation requirements in Eastern Tigray. Data on household's fuelwood, cow‐dung, kerosene and electricity consumption in the study sites were collected from 557 urban and 114 rural households. Deforestation rate was estimated following FAO and Woody Biomass Inventory Strategy Planning Project (WBISPP's) conversion factors. The study showed that household's fuelwood consumption in urban areas (mean = 2.5 kg/day) was about 52% lower as compared to the rural villages (mean = 3.8 kg/day). The estimated area abandoned annually in the vicinity of urban areas as the result of urban fuelwood consumption varies from 217 ha around Maichew town to 12047 ha around Mekelle City. The estimated area abandoned in rural areas annually as the result of tree cutting for fuelwood also varies from 6.5 ha around Sinkata to 127 ha around Dergajen village. It is therefore recommended that an estimated annual tree plantation of area ranging from 286 ha around Maichew town to 21,684 ha around Mekelle city is required. Moreover, an estimated annual tree plantation of area ranging from 16 ha around Sinkata village to 229 ha around the Dergajen village is required taking the existing population into account.