bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solid‐Phase Synthesis of Hybrid Urea Oligomers Containing Conservative Thiourea Mutations
Authors: Antunes Stéphanie , Douat Céline , Guichard Gilles 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe introduction of a thiourea unit at a selected position in the backbone of aliphatic N,N′‐linked urea foldamers can be used to locally modulate the secondary structure and physicochemical properties. To facilitate scanning the effect of thiourea introduction into biologically active oligourea helices, we have investigated the solid‐phase synthesis of oligoureas containing a single oxo‐to‐thioxo replacement in their sequence. Several suitably protected activated monomers were considered, and conditions for their coupling and deprotection were evaluated and compared. The synthesis of oligo(thio)ureas on TFA‐labile resins (i.e., Rink amide resin; TFA = trifluoroacetic acid) required careful optimization, and the choice of N‐Fmoc‐aminoalkyl isothiocyanates (Fmoc = fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl) as monomers for thiourea‐bond formation was found to be critical.
Enhanced c‐Fos expression in the central amygdala correlates with increased thigmotaxis in rats with peripheral nerve injury
Authors: Morland R.H. , Novejarque A. , Spicer C. , Pheby T. , Rice A.S.C. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundPain is associated with affective, cognitive and sensory dysfunction. Animal models can be used to observe ethologically relevant behaviours such as thigmotaxis, giving insight into how ongoing sensory abnormalities influence natural rodent behaviours. The amygdala is a complex group of nuclei implicated in the integration and generation of emotional behavioural responses, including those associated with pain, and a region known as the central amygdala is particularly associated with generation of behavioural responses, due to its links to the descending pain modulation pathways; as such, study of amygdalar c‐Fos immunoreactivity can help identify the neuronal circuits involved.MethodThis study investigated changes in both nociceptive evoked responses and open field behaviour following spinal nerve transection (SNT) in male Wistar rats, and attempted to correlate these with changes in central amygdala c‐Fos immunoreactivity.ResultsFourteen days after SNT, mechanical hypersensitivity was present in the hind paw ipsilateral to site of injury. Thigmotactic behaviour was significantly increased in both SNT and sham surgery animals, with c‐Fos immunoreactivity in the central amygdala significantly greater in SNT animals compared to both sham and naive groups. Activation was greatest in the capsular and lateral subnuclei of the central amygdala, and in the caudal‐most regions. There was a strong correlation between thigmotactic behaviour and central amygdala activation following SNT surgery not seen in sham animals suggesting a role for the amygdala in behavioural responses to peripheral nerve injury.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence to support the role of the amygdala in thigmotactic open field behaviour following SNT.What does this study add?Thigmotaxis and amygdala activation are positively correlated in rats following spinal nerve transection.Behavioural changes seen in sham animals did not correlate with amygdala activation, suggesting amygdala activation is related to nociceptive input.Evoked measures, such as hindpaw withdrawal, are not correlated with either thigmotaxis or amygdala activation, emphasizing the importance of complex behaviours when studying pain.
A randomized phase I trial evaluating the effects of inhaled 50–50% N2O–O2 on remifentanil‐induced hyperalgesia and allodynia in human volunteers
Authors: Wehrfritz A. , Schaefer S. , Troester A. , Noel N. , Bessiere B. , Apiou‐Sbirlea G. , Simonnet G. , Schuettler J. , Richebé P. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundOpioids are known to relieve pain, and also aggravate pre‐existing hyperalgesia. In animal studies, the N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate‐receptor antagonist nitrous oxide (N2O) was able to prevent hyperalgesia. The present study evaluated the effect of N2O on hyperalgesia after remifentanil infusion in healthy volunteers.MethodsTwenty‐one healthy volunteers were enrolled in this placebo‐controlled cross‐over study. Transcutaneous electrical stimulation at high current densities induced spontaneous acute pain and stable areas of hyperalgesia. Each volunteer underwent the following four sessions: (1) 50–50% N2–O2 and i.v. saline; (2) 50–50% N2–O2 and i.v. remifentanil 0.1 μg/kg/min; (3) 50–50% N2O–O2 and i.v. saline; (4) 50–50% N2O–O2 and i.v. remifentanil 0.1 μg/kg/min. Inhaled gas mixtures lasted for 60 min, i.v. drug administration for 30 min. Visual analogue scale pain intensity, areas of pinprick hyperalgesia and touch‐evoked allodynia were assessed repeatedly for 160 min.ResultsData of 19 volunteers were analysed. There were significant time and treatment effects regarding areas of hyperalgesia and allodynia (p < 0.02). The area of hyperalgesia was significantly reduced in the N2O + remifentanil session compared to the remifentanil session (35.88 ± 22.37 vs. 43.55 ± 18.48 cm2, p = 0.004). The area of allodynia was significantly reduced in the N2O + remifentanil session compared to the remifentanil session (29.95 ± 16.15 vs. 34.80 ± 15.35 cm2, p = 0.008). The pain intensity was significantly reduced in the N2O + remifentanil session compared to the remifentanil session (37.96 ± 12.78 vs. 42.15 ± 13.34 mm, p < 0.0001).ConclusionsNitrous oxide significantly reduced hyperalgesia, allodynia and pain intensity aggravated after remifentanil administration in a human volunteer model.What does this study add?This study brings the evidence that N2O reduces the remifentanil aggravated secondary hyperalgesia in human volunteers exposed to a well‐known model of electrical pain. N2O was able to oppose the hyperalgesia, the allodynia and the pain intensity consecutive to remifentanil use in this specific pain model.
Technique for reliable sentinel node biopsy in squamous cell carcinomas of the floor of mouth
Authors: Stoeckli Sandro J. , Huebner Thomas , Huber Gerhard F. , Broglie Martina A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundApplicability of sentinel node biopsy (SNB) for tumors of the floor of mouth (FOM) is controversial.MethodsProspective evaluation of the accuracy of gamma‐probe‐guided superselective neck dissection of the preglandular triangle of level I for SNB in FOM squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) after preoperative lymphoscintigraphy and single photon emission CT (SPECT)/CT.ResultsIn total, 22 sentinel lymph nodes were harvested in level I. Eight of 22 (36%) were seen on lymphoscintigraphy and 11 (50%) on SPECT/CT. Eleven sentinel lymph nodes (50%) were only detected intraoperatively. In unilateral tumors, 20% were contralateral, and, in midline tumors, 93% showed bilateral level I sentinel lymph nodes. The false‐negative rate was 8.3%, the negative predictive value was 96.4%, and the false‐omission rate was 3.6%. The ultimate neck control rate, including salvage treatment, was 100%.ConclusionSNB in FOM can be reliably performed using the presented surgical technique. Level I exploration, bilaterally in midline tumors, is mandatory irrespective of the visualization of sentinel lymph nodes in other levels. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 1367–1372, 2016
Density Functional Study of the Reaction Mechanism of Two Oxiimine Alcohol Formations and Their Novel Rearrangements
Authors: Kaya Yunus 
Published: March 2016

In this study, the reaction mechanisms of isonitrosoacetophenone (inapH) with ethanolamine (ea) and 1‐phenylethanolamine (pea) have been investigated theoretically using B3LYP/6‐311G(d,p) method to explain why the formation and unexpected rearrangement products occur or not occur. While the reaction between isonitrosoacetophenone (inapH) with ethanolamine gives oximine alcohol (Ib), the reaction of 1‐phenylethanolamine with inapH results in the formation of oximine alcohol with a different substituent (Ia) and amido alcohol (IIa), which is the unexpected rearrangement product. The rearrangement driving forces of compounds from Ia to IIa are calculated as ca. 28 and 23 kJ/mol in the gas and EtOH phases, respectively. These driving forces have been calculated ca. 46 and 45 kJ/mol for the rearrangement of compound Ib to obtain IIb in the same phases, respectively. This high driving force shows that the compound IIb cannot be obtained from rearrangement of compound Ib as described experimentally in the literature. In addition, as the DFT functionals poorly describe dispersion effects, dispersion correction for reaction heat and free‐energy barrier was estimated using the wB97X‐D/6‐311G(d,p). In general, the relative free energies of all molecules calculated from wB97XD method are lower than performed from B3LYP level. The changes of thermodynamic properties for all molecules with temperature ranging from 100 to 500 K have been obtained using the statistical thermodynamic method.
Using periodic hydrologic and geochemical sampling with limited continuous monitoring to characterize remote karst aquifers in the Kaweah River Basin, California, USA
Authors: Tobin Benjamin W. , Schwartz Benjamin F. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractHydrogeologic field work in remote settings is often challenging: assessing spring behaviour and aquifer characteristics can be expensive in both time commitment and resources needed to assess these systems. In this study, we document the hydrology and geochemistry of 47 perennial karst springs in the Kaweah River, a mountain river basin in the Sierra Nevada, California. After preliminary hydrogeochemical characterization and grouping, selected springs were continuously monitored to further assess aquifer characteristics in each group. Later, in areas without previous dye‐tracing work, traces were conducted to establish connections between large sinking streams and springs.The springs have a wide range of inter‐spring and intra‐spring variability in discharge and geochemistry. We assessed this variability by performing statistical comparisons with spring chemistry and principal components analysis of all measured variables. Results show that springs can be divided into two distinct groups: high elevation springs of the Mineral King Valley and lower elevation springs throughout the rest of the basin. Continuous discharge, temperature and specific conductivity data from four springs (two from each group) were then used to characterize the hydrograph recession behaviour of springs in each group. Both groups showed statistically similar baseflow recession slopes, suggesting that both groups contain baseflow storage compartments with similar hydrogeologic properties. The biggest difference between each group is the variability in amount of water remaining in the aquifer during baseflow conditions. High elevation springs have lower baseflow discharges, relative to peak flow, than lower elevation springs, despite the fact that more precipitation falls at higher elevation. This is likely caused by differences in the amount of soil and epikarst storage, which are related to recent geomorphic events: high elevation aquifers were glaciated as recent as 41 thousand years ago (kya), while there is no evidence that low elevation aquifers were glaciated. As a result, lower elevations have developed thicker soils, weathered bedrock and epikarst. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dihydroartemisinin restricts hepatic stellate cell contraction via an FXR‐S1PR2‐dependent mechanism
Authors: Xu Wenxuan , Lu Chunfeng , Zhang Feng , Shao Jiangjuan , Zheng Shizhong 
Published: March 2016

AbstractHepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are universally acknowledged to play a stimulative role in the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis and portal hypertension. HSCs when activated in response to liver injury are characterized with many changes, with HSC contraction being the most common cause of portal hypertension. Previous studies have shown that dihydroartemisinine (DHA) is a potential antifibrotic natural product by inducing HSC apoptosis, whereas the role of DHA in regulating HSC contraction and the mechanisms involved remain a riddle. Recent studies have emphasized on the importance of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and sphingosine‐1‐phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2) in controlling cell contractility. This study showed that DHA strongly induced the mRNA and protein expression of FXR in LX‐2 cells in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner and inhibited HSC activation, implying a conceivable impact of DHA on HSC contraction. The gel contraction assays and fluorescence staining of actin cytoskeleton verified that DHA dose‐dependently limited contraction of collagen lattices and reorganization of actin stress fibers in LX‐2 cells. DHA also decreased the phosphorylation of myosin light chain that is responsible for the contractile force of HSCs. Furthermore, gain‐ or loss‐of‐function analyses exhibited a FXR‐ and S1PR2‐dependent mechanism of inhibiting HSC contraction by DHA, and DHA decreased S1PR2 expression by modulating FXR activation. Subsequent work revealed that inhibition of both Ca2+‐dependent and Ca2+‐sensitization signaling transductions contributed to DHA‐induced HSC relaxation. In summary, these findings suggest that DHA could restrict HSC contraction through modulating FXR/S1PR2 pathway‐mediated Ca2+‐dependent and Ca2+‐sensitization signaling. Our discoveries make DHA a potential candidate for portal hypertension. © 2016 IUBMB Life 68(5):376–387, 2016
Where have all the inosines gone? Conflicting evidence for A‐to‐I editing of the anticodon of higher eukaryotic questions the dogma of a universal wobble‐mediated decoding of CGN codons
Authors: Igloi Gabor L. , Aldinger Carolin A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractCodon–anticodon recognition between triplets of an mRNA and a specific tRNA is the key element in the translation of the genetic code. In general, the precision of this process is dominated by a strict Watson‐Crick base‐pairing scheme. However, the degeneracy of the genetic code led Crick to propose the Wobble Hypothesis, permitting a less restraining interaction with the third base of the codon and involving the participation of inosine for decoding C‐ending codons. The concept that the anticodon base A34 of
in all eukaryotes, eubacteria, and plant chloroplasts is converted to I34 is firmly anchored in the literature despite conflicting evidence for its existence in higher eukaryote cytoplasmic
. Here, we provide additional data and summarize the arguments favoring and contradicting post‐transcriptional deamination of this position. A hypothesis that resolves the apparent conflict is proposed. © 2016 IUBMB Life, 68(6):419–422, 2016
Modeling and Forecasting Large Realized Covariance Matrices and Portfolio Choice
Authors: Callot Laurent A. F. , Kock Anders B. , Medeiros Marcelo C. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryWe consider modeling and forecasting large realized covariance matrices by penalized vector autoregressive models. We consider Lasso‐type estimators to reduce the dimensionality and provide strong theoretical guarantees on the forecast capability of our procedure. We show that we can forecast realized covariance matrices almost as precisely as if we had known the true driving dynamics of these in advance. We next investigate the sources of these driving dynamics as well as the performance of the proposed models for forecasting the realized covariance matrices of the 30 Dow Jones stocks. We find that the dynamics are not stable as the data are aggregated from the daily to lower frequencies. Furthermore, we are able beat our benchmark by a wide margin. Finally, we investigate the economic value of our forecasts in a portfolio selection exercise and find that in certain cases an investor is willing to pay a considerable amount in order get access to our forecasts. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Advantages of contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography over computed tomography for the detection of persistent type II endoleak after embolization: A case report
Authors: Cury Maysa Heineck , Cury Marcus Vinícius Martins , Godoy Marcos Roberto , Matielo Marcelo Fernando 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTThe aim of this case report is to describe the use of contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography in the detection of a type II endoleak after prior embolization with Onyx. A 74‐year‐old male patient with hypertension previously underwent endovascular repair of a 7.1‐cm infrarenal aortic aneurysm. CT angiography surveillance revealed a type II endoleak associated with aneurysm sac expansion. Selective transarterial embolization of the endoleak was performed, but it was not possible to detect the persistent endoleak using CT angiography because of image artifacts caused by Onyx. Contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography enabled us to detect the persistent endoleak in this patient. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 44:522–526, 2016
Oxidation–reduction potential and lipid oxidation in ready‐to‐eat blue mussels in red sauce: criteria for package design
Authors: Bhunia Kanishka , Ovissipour Mahmoudreza , Rasco Barbara , Tang Juming , Sablani Shyam S 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDReady‐to‐eat in‐package pasteurized blue mussels in red sauce requires refrigerated storage or in combination with an aerobic environment to prevent the growth of anaerobes. A low barrier packaging may create an aerobic environment; however, it causes lipid oxidation in mussels. Thus, evaluation of the oxidation–reduction potential (Eh) (aerobic/anaerobic nature of food) and lipid oxidation is essential. Three packaging materials with oxygen transmission rate (OTR) of 62 (F‐62), 40 (F‐40) and 3 (F‐3) cm3 m−2 day−1 were selected for this study. Lipid oxidation was measured by color changes in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) at 532 nm (TBARS@532) and 450 nm (TBARS@450).RESULTSSignificantly higher (P < 0.05) TBARS@532 was found in mussels packaged in higher OTR film. TBARS@450 in mussels packaged with F‐62 and F‐40 gradually increased during refrigerated storage (3.5 ± 0.5 °C), but remained constant after 20 days of storage for mussels packaged with F‐3. The Eh of pasteurized sauce was not significantly affected (P > 0.05) by OTR and remained negative (< −80 mV) during storage. Negative Eh values can support the growth of anaerobes such as Clostridium botulinum. The headspace oxygen concentration was reduced by about 50% from its initial value during pasteurization, and then further declined during storage. The headspace oxygen concentration was higher in trays packaged with higher OTR film.CONCLUSIONMussels packed with high OTR film showed higher lipid oxidation, indicating that high barrier film is required for packaging of mussels. Pasteurized mussels must be kept in refrigerated storage to prevent growth of anaerobic proteolytic C. botulinum spores under temperature abuse. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Visualization investigation on flow field of journal bearing with partial texture surface
Authors: Lin Qiyin , Wei Zhengying , Ma Shengli , Zhang Yubin , Wang Ning 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe effect of partial texture surface on flow field of journal bearing is investigated experimentally using a visualization apparatus, which was less reported before. The visualization results show that there is a speeding‐up phenomenon in the movement of lubricant when lubricant flows from smooth surface region to dimple surface region, and the rising ratio of lubricant speed increases with the rotational speed of journal shaft. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrochromic Performance of Nickel Oxide Thin Film: Synthesis via Electrodeposition Technique
Authors: Kondalkar Vijay V. , Patil Pallavi B. , Mane Rahul M. , Patil Pramod S. , Choudhury Sipra , Bhosal Popatrao N. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryNanocrystalline Nickel oxide (NiO) thin films were electrochemically deposited onto ITO substrate at room temperature. In order to examine the optical absorption, crystal structure and surface morphology of deposited NiO thin films were characterized by means of UV–vis spectrophotometer, X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The electrochromic (EC) performance of NiO thin film was investigated by means of cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry (CA) and chronocoulometry (CC). The switching response of NiO thin film is found to be 5.62 s for coloration (tc) and 4.31 sec for bleaching (tb) with excellent reversibility. The electrochromic study shows highly reversible and the stable nature of electrochemically deposited NiO thin films which provides a versatile and promising application towards the fabrication of smart windows.
Development in Air Permeability of Natural Rubber Tire Tube Compound by Adding Variable Dosage of Nanoclay
Authors: Vasudeo Rane Ajay , VK Abitha , VR Uday , Samarth Nikesh , Jadhav Sainath , Patil Shivendra , VR Amit , Narute Suresh 
Published: March 2016

SummaryAny material consisting of two or more components with different properties and distinct boundaries between their components can be referred to as a composite material. There are two groups of composites the first group comprises composites that are known as “filled materials”, the main feature of these materials is the existence of some basic or matrix material whose properties are improved by filling it with some particles and second group composites involves so called “reinforced materials”. The basic components of these materials are long and thin fibres possessing high strength and stiffness. Filler (particulate or thin fibers) is a solid material capable of changing the physical and chemical properties of materials by surface interaction or its lack thereof and by its own physical characteristics. High stiffness means that material exhibits low deformation under loading. Stiffness is an important property but it should be necessarily high. Ability of structure to have controlled deformation can be also important. Nano engineered polymeric materials are of great interest, rapidly growing new class of materials alternative to conventional filled polymers or polymer blends. Conventional clay plays the role of a loading agent or diluent without property enhancement or reinforcement and hence we have used nanoclay which imparts significant mechanical reinforcement and improved air permeability property for natural rubber based tube compound. Natural rubber/nanoclay along with other additives were mixed in a laboratory mixer for specified time and temperature, by determining rheological and curing properties rubber compounds were molded in to standard dimension sheets using a compression mold and molding machine thereafter specimens were prepared and characterized for hardness, modulus (100%, 200%), tensile strength, tension set, air permeability test and surface morphology.
Early Ataxia and Subsequent Parkinsonism: PLA2G6 Mutations Cause a Continuum Rather Than Three Discrete Phenotypes
Authors: Erro Roberto , Balint Bettina , Kurian Manju A. , Brugger Florian , Picillo Marina , Barone Paolo , Bhatia Kailash P. , Pellecchia Maria Teresa 
Published: March 2016

AbstractView Supplementary Video 1PLA2G6‐associated neurodegeneration comprises a heterogeneous spectrum of age‐related phenotypes, with three forms classically recognized, including infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD) with onset in infancy, atypical neuroaxonal dystrophy (atypical NAD) with onset in childhood, and dystonia‐parkinsonism (PARK14) with onset in early adulthood. We describe 3 cases that challenge this view, discuss the related literature, and suggest that PLA2G6 mutations cause a phenotypic continuum rather than three discrete phenotypes, further ensuing clinical implications.