bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thinking out of theGut: a case of obscure lower GI bleeding
Authors: Koh Frederick H , Chan Hian-Li , Petersson Fredrik , Chong Choon-Seng 
Published: December 2016

Clinical presentationA middle-aged man was admitted for episodes of fresh per-rectal bleeding, which were not associated with defecation. He was recently investigated for macrocytic anaemia in the outpatient haematology clinic. Examination of the perineum revealed grade 1 internal haemorrhoids with no signs of bleeding.Initial laboratory tests revealed macrocytic anaemia (haemoglobin 10.5 g/dL, normal 12.9–17.0  g/dL; mean corpuscular haemoglobin 95.3 fL, normal 80.0–95.0  fL). Peripheral blood film showing blasts, dysplastic neutrophils, nucleated red blood cells and hypogranular platelets.The patient underwent a sigmoidoscopy and rubber band ligation of the internal haemorrhoids after persistent fresh per-rectal bleeding. The bleeding persisted with the development of hypotension and a significant drop of haemoglobin to 4.8 g/dL requiring blood transfusions and intensive care monitoring. Repeated endoscopy, including intubation of the terminal ileum, revealed uncomplicated right-sided diverticulosis. CT mesenteric angiography performed during an episode of significant bleeding revealed extravasation of contrast in the ileum, but mesenteric angiography was unsuccessful, possibly due to a temporary cessation of bleeding. Bleeding subsequently recurred and in light of the persistent bleeding with no clear source and with a total of 12 units of packed cell transfused, exploratory laparotomy, on-table enteroscopy (figure 1) with small bowel resection was performed. Histopathological examination of the specimen was performed (figures 2–4).Figure 1Multiple ileal lesions with stigmata of recent bleed.Figure 2Area of ulceration associated with atypical mononuclear infiltrate.Figure 3Atypical mononuclear infiltrate composed of cells with enlarged, irregular nuclei containing variably prominent nucleoli.Figure 4Atypical cells displayed cytoplasmic expression of myeloperoxidase.QuestionWhat is the diagnosis?
Impact of microvascular obstruction on semiautomated techniques for quantifying acute and chronic myocardial infarction by cardiovascular magnetic resonance
Authors: Bulluck Heerajnarain , Rosmini Stefania , Abdel-Gadir Amna , Bhuva Anish N , Treibel Thomas A , Fontana Marianna , Weinmann Shane , Sirker Alex , Herrey Anna S , Manisty Charlotte , Moon James C , Hausenloy Derek J 
Published: December 2016

AimsThe four most promising semiautomated techniques (5-SD, 6-SD, Otsu and the full width half maximum (FWHM)) were compared in paired acute and follow-up cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), taking into account the impact of microvascular obstruction (MVO) and using automated extracellular volume fraction (ECV) maps for reference. Furthermore, their performances on the acute scan were compared against manual myocardial infarct (MI) size to predict adverse left ventricular (LV) remodelling (≥20% increase in end-diastolic volume).Methods40 patients with reperfused ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) with a paired acute (4±2 days) and follow-up CMR scan (5±2 months) were recruited prospectively. All CMR analysis was performed on CVI42.ResultsUsing manual MI size as the reference standard, 6-SD accurately quantified acute (24.9±14.0%LV, p=0.81, no bias) and chronic MI size (17.2±9.7%LV, p=0.88, no bias). The performance of FWHM for acute MI size was affected by the acquisition sequence used. Furthermore, FWHM underestimated chronic MI size in those with previous MVO due to the significantly higher ECV in the MI core on the follow-up scans previously occupied by MVO (82 (75–88)% vs 62 (51–68)%, p<0.001). 5-SD and Otsu were precise but overestimated acute and chronic MI size. All techniques were performed with high diagnostic accuracy and equally well to predict adverse LV remodelling.Conclusions6-SD was the most accurate for acute and chronic MI size and should be the preferred semiautomatic technique in randomised controlled trials. However, 5-SD, FWHM and Otsu could also be used when precise MI size quantification may be adequate (eg, observational studies).
Dual-specific Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells and an Indirect Vaccine Eradicate a Variety of Large Solid Tumors in an Immunocompetent, Self-antigen Setting
Authors: Slaney Clare Y. , von Scheidt Bianca , Davenport Alexander J. , Beavis Paul A. , Westwood Jennifer A. , Mardiana Sherly , Tscharke David C. , Ellis Sarah , Prince H. Miles , Trapani Joseph A. , Johnstone Ricky W. , Smyth Mark J. , Teng Michele W. , Ali Aesha , Yu Zhiya , Rosenberg Steven A. , Restifo Nicholas P. , Neeson Paul , Darcy Phillip K. , Kershaw Michael H. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPurpose: While adoptive transfer of T cells bearing a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) can eliminate substantial burdens of some leukemias, the ultimate challenge remains the eradication of large solid tumors for most cancers. We aimed to develop an immunotherapy approach effective against large tumors in an immunocompetent, self-antigen preclinical mouse model.Experimental Design: In this study, we generated dual-specific T cells expressing both a CAR specific for Her2 and a TCR specific for the melanocyte protein (gp100). We used a regimen of adoptive cell transfer incorporating vaccination (ACTIV), with recombinant vaccinia virus expressing gp100, to treat a range of tumors including orthotopic breast tumors and large liver tumors.Results: ACTIV therapy induced durable complete remission of a variety of Her2+ tumors, some in excess of 150 mm2, in immunocompetent mice expressing Her2 in normal tissues, including the breast and brain. Vaccinia virus induced extensive proliferation of T cells, leading to massive infiltration of T cells into tumors. Durable tumor responses required the chemokine receptor CXCR3 and exogenous IL2, but were independent of IFNγ. Mice were resistant to tumor rechallenge, indicating immune memory involving epitope spreading. Evidence of limited neurologic toxicity was observed, associated with infiltration of cerebellum by T cells, but was only transient.Conclusions: This study supports a view that it is possible to design a highly effective combination immunotherapy for solid cancers, with acceptable transient toxicity, even when the target antigen is also expressed in vital tissues. Clin Cancer Res; 23(10); 2478–90. ©2016 AACR.
Tecendo o mundo e as origens da vida como a conhecemos: noções de crescimento, fabricação e reprodução nos mitos de origem yukpa
Authors: Halbmayer Ernst 
Published: December 2016

Este artigo aborda o sentido da vida entre os Yukpa tal como descrito e verbalizado em seus mitos de origem. Os mitos yukpa transmitem conhecimentos particularmente conceitualizados sobre os processos vitais, em parte concebidos como uma forma de arte que requer grande habilidade, e sobre as transformações que criam as condições e as formas da vida como a conhecemos. Ao focalizar os processos que criam a vida como ela é conhecida hoje, os processos vitais do crescimento, da fabricação e da reprodução são identificados e diferenciados. Argumenta-se que os processos vitais entre os Yukpa ultrapassam a reprodução biológica e autorreferenciada das diferentes espécies, e também as atividades instrumentais da fabricação. A vida é conceitualizada seja como uma atividade relacional espacializada e continuamente localizada, seja como transformações metamórficas cíclicas. Da perspectiva localizada, que consiste em sair ou desaparecer de uma atividade relacional, estão as formas de morrer ou nascer. A vida nesse sentido metamórfico inclui a existência continuada em mundos coexistentes. Um fim definitivo da vida ocorrerá apenas se estas transformações metamórficas e cíclicas chegarem a um termo.
“Se oriente, rapaz!”: Onde ficam os antropólogos em relação a pastores, geneticistas e tantos “outros” na controvérsia sobre as causas da homossexualidade?
Authors: Fry Peter , Carrara Sérgio 
Published: December 2016

Neste ensaio abordamos a controvérsia motivada por uma entrevista, nacionalmente veiculada por importante canal de televisão brasileiro. Nela, um eminente pastor pentecostal negava haver qualquer base biológica para o que se referia como homossexualismo, recomendando que “pacientes” homossexuais se convertessem ao heterossexualismo. Diferentes atores sociais do campo religioso (evangélico) e científico (genética/biologia) manifestaram-se então sobre as possíveis causas da homossexualidade. Examinamos a repercussão dessa controvérsia entre antropólogos e ativistas LGBT e revisitamos a clássica oposição, trazida à tona por ela, entre perspectivas essencialistas e construtivistas nos estudos sobre a sexualidade. Sugerimos, finalmente, que o próprio conflito entre tais perspectivas deva ser entendido como parte do problema a ser analisado em futuras pesquisas antropológicas.
LA PETITION TAGALE CAMING MANGA ALIPIN (1665)
Authors: Potet Jean-Paul 
Published: December 2016

A rare prose document, this petition from Mindoro magistrates to the Archbishop of Manila - dated December 28, 1665 - provides insights into the state of Tagalog in the middle of the Seventeenth Century, and into its use as an administrative medium.
The text's main features are important variations of Latin and baybáyin characters, the use of ay as a multi-level discourse marker, an aspectual contrast between -ungm- and -um-, an odd magpag- verbal form, ka- as a quasi-specifier, and the use of the second person singular to address a lord.
The Saharan Aerosol Long-Range Transport and Aerosol–Cloud-Interaction Experiment: Overview and Selected Highlights
Authors: Weinzierl Bernadett , Ansmann A. , Prospero J. M. , Althausen D. , Benker N. , Chouza F. , Dollner M. , Farrell D. , Fomba W. K. , Freudenthaler V. , Gasteiger J. , Groß S. , Haarig M. , Heinold B. , Kandler K. , Kristensen T. B. , Mayol-Bracero O. L. , Müller T. , Reitebuch O. , Sauer D. , Schäfler A. , Schepanski K. , Spanu A. , Tegen I. , Toledano C. , Walser A. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
North Africa is the world’s largest source of dust, a large part of which is transported across the Atlantic to the Caribbean and beyond where it can impact radiation and clouds. Many aspects of this transport and its climate effects remain speculative. The Saharan Aerosol Long-Range Transport and Aerosol–Cloud-Interaction Experiment (SALTRACE; www.pa.op.dlr.de/saltrace) linked ground-based and airborne measurements with remote sensing and modeling techniques to address these issues in a program that took place in 2013/14. Specific objectives were to 1) characterize the chemical, microphysical, and optical properties of dust in the Caribbean, 2) quantify the impact of physical and chemical changes (“aging”) on the radiation budget and cloud microphysical processes, 3) investigate the meteorological context of transatlantic dust transport, and 4) assess the roles of removal processes during transport.
SALTRACE was a German-led initiative involving scientists from Europe, Cabo Verde, the Caribbean, and the United States. The Falcon research aircraft of the Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), equipped with a comprehensive aerosol and wind lidar payload, played a central role. Several major dust outbreaks were studied with 86 h of flight time under different conditions, making it by far the most extensive investigation on long-range transported dust ever made.
This article presents an overview of SALTRACE and highlights selected results including data from transatlantic flights in coherent air masses separated by more than 4,000-km distance that enabled measurements of transport effects on dust properties. SALTRACE will improve our knowledge on the role of mineral dust in the climate system and provide data for studies on dust interactions with clouds, radiation, and health.
Fewer circulating natural killer cells 28 days after double cord blood transplantation predicts inferior survival and IL-15 response
Authors: Bergerson Rachel J. , Williams Robin , Wang Hongbo , Shanley Ryan , Colbenson Gretchen , Kerber Alyssa , Cooley Sarah , Curtsinger Julie M. , Felices Martin , Miller Jeffrey S. , Verneris Michael R. 
Published: December 2016

Key Points
Low numbers of reconstituting NK cells at D+28 after dUCBT are associated with inferior DFS. Patients with low NK cell numbers at D+28 have reduced phosphorylation of STAT5 upon IL-15 stimulation and less Eomes expression.
Accurate, simple, and inexpensive assays to diagnose F8 gene inversion mutations in hemophilia A patients and carriers
Authors: Dutta Debargh , Gunasekera Devi , Ragni Margaret V. , Pratt Kathleen P. 
Published: December 2016

Key Points
Improved assays to detect intron 22 and intron 1 inversions in the F8 gene have been developed. These assays can efficiently detect or rule out the most common genetic mutations resulting in hemophilia A.
The challenge of conducting gambling research
Authors: Black Donald W. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryResponding to the survey of 5580 college students in South India in the study of George et al, the author discusses the universality of addictive gambling and its stereotyped nature. This study, together with work in North America and elsewhere, argues for more research that targets prevalence, risk factors, course, and treatment. The author points out the challenge of conducting research when funding is hard to obtain.
Post-traumatic stress in pregnant women with primary cytomegalovirus infection and risk of congenital infection in newborns
Authors: Vadini Francesco , Tracanna Elisa , Polilli Ennio , Tontodonati Monica , Ricci Elena , Santilli Francesca , Parruti Giustino 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundSubstantial evidence indicates that perinatal mental disturbances are associated with the risk for negative maternal-newborn outcomes. A neuroendocrine brain-placenta interaction has been described to explain the association between prenatal stress-related disorders and placental abnormalities. Whether these mechanisms may affect the likelihood of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of infections has never been investigated.AimsTo evaluate the role of psychological factors in cytomegalovirus (CMV) MTCT in pregnant women with primary CMV infection.MethodA cohort of 276 pregnant women with primary CMV infection underwent assessment of (a) reactive psychopathological symptoms, such as current depressive symptoms and ongoing symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder; and (b) stable personality traits, such as alexithymia and Type D (distressed) personality. Congenital infection was diagnosed by CMV DNA amplification from blood and/or urine and saliva from newborn at birth.ResultsThe occurrence of congenital CMV disease in the newborn was independently predicted by post-traumatic stress symptoms during pregnancy.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that psychological stress-related disturbances may weaken the physical and immunological barrier against the mother-to-fetus transmission of viruses.
A Biallelic Mutation in the Homologous Recombination Repair Gene SPIDR Is Associated With Human Gonadal Dysgenesis
Authors: Smirin-Yosef Pola , Zuckerman-Levin Nehama , Tzur Shay , Granot Yaron , Cohen Lior , Sachsenweger Juliane , Borck Guntram , Lagovsky Irina , Salmon-Divon Mali , Wiesmüller Lisa , Basel-Vanagaite Lina 
Published: December 2016

Abstract

Context:
Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is caused by ovarian follicle depletion or follicle dysfunction, characterized by amenorrhea with elevated gonadotropin levels. The disorder presents as absence of normal progression of puberty.

Objective:
To elucidate the cause of ovarian dysfunction in a family with POI.

Design:
We performed whole-exome sequencing in 2 affected individuals. To evaluate whether DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair activities are altered in biallelic mutation carriers, we applied an enhanced green fluorescent protein-based assay for the detection of specific DSB repair pathways in blood-derived cells.

Setting:
Diagnoses were made at the Pediatric Endocrine Clinic, Clalit Health Services, Sharon-Shomron District, Israel. Genetic counseling and sample collection were performed at the Pediatric Genetics Unit, Schneider Children’s Medical Center Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel.

Patients and Intervention:
Two sisters born to consanguineous parents of Israeli Muslim Arab ancestry presented with a lack of normal progression of puberty, high gonadotropin levels, and hypoplastic or absent ovaries on ultrasound. Blood samples for DNA extraction were obtained from all family members.

Main Outcome Measure:
Exome analysis to elucidate the cause of POI in 2 affected sisters.

Results:
Analysis revealed a stop-gain homozygous mutation in the SPIDR gene (KIAA0146) c.839G&gt;A, p.W280*. This mutation altered SPIDR activity in homologous recombination, resulting in the accumulation of 53BP1-labeled DSBs postionizing radiation and γH2AX-labeled damage during unperturbed growth.

Conclusions:
SPIDR is important for ovarian function in humans. A biallelic mutation in this gene may be associated with ovarian dysgenesis in cases of autosomal recessive inheritance.
Syntheses, Crystal Structures and Solid-State Absorption Spectra of n-Propylsulfanyl- and Isopropylsulfanyl-Substituted 2,5-Di(1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene)-1,3-dithiolane-4-thione Derivatives with Methoxycarbonyl Groups
Authors: Ueda Kazumasa , Kusanagi Hiroki , Nanbo Hiroki , Takehara Tsunayoshi , Suzuki Takeyuki 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
N-propylsulfanyl and isopropylsulfanyl substituted 2,5-di(1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene)-1,3-dithiolane-4-thione derivatives with methoxycarbonyl groups were synthesized, and their redox and electronic properties and crystal structures were investigated. Solid-state absorption spectra showed that both derivatives absorb almost all visible light. Furthermore isopropylsulfanyl-substituted derivatives absorb near-infrared light and the absorption edge reaches around 1320 nm. The crystal structures show that both derivatives are stacked in one dimension to form a columnar structure, but the molecular arrangements of their columns were quite different from each other. The stacked n-propylsulfanyl derivatives kept their orientation of thiocarbonyl groups in the same direction and the one molecule of the isopropylsulfanyl derivatives were rotated in relation to each other by an angle of 56° about their longer molecular axis. The TD-DFT calculation of stacked molecules suggests that the molecular arrangement among the stacked molecules affects the maximum absorption in near-infrared region.
Postoperative quality of life, satisfaction, and skin condition after varicose vein surgery
Authors: Bruning G. , Langenbruch A. , Augustin M. , Kath W. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryCompression is performed postoperatively with the intention of minimising side effects, such as bleeding and haematoma in the area of operation, as well as postoperative oedema and pain. Compression stocking manufacturing has incorporated the addition of skin care products into the yarn material in recent years. However, the benefits of these products remain controversial. In addition, the length of the compression stocking is disputed in terms of its effectiveness. This effectiveness was investigated in the present study.Before surgery, 160 patients with indication of surgical removal of varicose veins were randomly divided into four groups with different types of compression stockings in each case. In each group, 40 patients received a knee-length stocking (length A–D), thigh-length stocking (length A–G), knee-length stocking with Aloe vera or thigh-length stocking with AV. At time 0 (before surgery), one week and 8 weeks after surgery, skin moisture was measured as an objective parameter, quality of life was determined using the Freiburger questionnaire of quality of life in veinous disease (FLQA-vs), benefit to patients was evaluated using the patient benefit index (PBI-v) and further subjective parameters were investigated with a free-text questionnaire. After surgery, the extent of haematoma was determined using the point count method.After surgery, at both post-operative times, the FLQA-vs decreased significantly (corresponding to a better quality of life), and the PBI-v increased. In the group with Aloe, pruritus was significantly lower, comfort and skin moisture were increased, and skin condition was significantly improved. The extent of haematoma decreased regardless of the length of the stockings.A benefit of AV as a skin care additive was observed. This finding was objectively confirmed based on the skin moisture. The multifactorial quality of life was not affected by the skin care additive. Thigh-length compression stockings did not provide a measurable benefit.
Quantification and determinants of the amount of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) shed using real time PCR data from a longitudinal household study
Authors: Wathuo Miriam , Medley Graham F. , Nokes D.J. , Munywoki Patrick K. 
Published: December 2016

Background: A better understanding of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) epidemiology requires realistic estimates of RSV shedding patterns, quantities shed, and identification of the related underlying factors. Methods: RSV infection data arise from a cohort study of 47 households with 493 occupants, in coastal Kenya, during the 2009/2010 RSV season. Nasopharyngeal swabs were taken every 3 to 4 days and screened for RSV using a real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. The amount of virus shed was quantified by calculating the ‘area under the curve’ using the trapezoidal rule applied to rescaled PCR cycle threshold output. Multivariable linear regression was used to identify correlates of amount of virus shed. Results: The median quantity of virus shed per infection episode was 29.4 (95% CI: 15.2, 54.2) log10 ribonucleic acid (RNA) copies. Young age (<1 year), presence of upper respiratory symptoms, intra-household acquisition of infection, an individual’s first infection episode in the RSV season, and having a co-infection of RSV group A and B were associated with increased amount of virus shed. Conclusions: The findings provide insight into which groups of individuals have higher potential for transmission, information which may be useful in designing RSV prevention strategies.