bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why articles are retracted: a retrospective cross-sectional study of retraction notices at BioMed Central
Authors: Moylan Elizabeth C , Kowalczuk Maria K 
Published: November 2016

ObjectivesTo assess why articles are retracted from BioMed Central journals, whether retraction notices adhered to the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) guidelines, and are becoming more frequent as a proportion of published articles.Design/settingRetrospective cross-sectional analysis of 134 retractions from January 2000 to December 2015.Results134 retraction notices were published during this timeframe. Although they account for 0.07% of all articles published (190 514 excluding supplements, corrections, retractions and commissioned content), the rate of retraction is rising. COPE guidelines on retraction were adhered to in that an explicit reason for each retraction was given. However, some notices did not document who retracted the article (eight articles, 6%) and others were unclear whether the underlying cause was honest error or misconduct (15 articles, 11%). The largest proportion of notices was issued by the authors (47 articles, 35%). The majority of retractions were due to some form of misconduct (102 articles, 76%), that is, compromised peer review (44 articles, 33%), plagiarism (22 articles, 16%) and data falsification/fabrication (10 articles, 7%). Honest error accounted for 17 retractions (13%) of which 10 articles (7%) were published in error. The median number of days from publication to retraction was 337.5 days.ConclusionsThe most common reason to retract was compromised peer review. However, the majority of these cases date to March 2015 and appear to be the result of a systematic attempt to manipulate peer review across several publishers. Retractions due to plagiarism account for the second largest category and may be reduced by screening manuscriptsbeforepublication although this is not guaranteed. Retractions due to problems with the data may be reduced by appropriate data sharing and deposition before publication. Adopting a checklist (linked to COPE guidelines) and templates for various classes of retraction notices would increase transparency of retraction notices in future.
Association of GSTT1 and GSTM1 gene polymorphisms with coronary artery disease in North Indian Punjabi population: a case-control study
Authors: Bhat Mohd Akbar , Gandhi Gursatej 
Published: November 2016

Abstract

Background
Glutathione S-transferases are metabolic enzymes which are responsible for detoxification of endogenous (products of oxidative stress) as well as exogenous (drugs, pesticides, herbicides, environmental pollutants and carcinogens) products. Dysfunctional detoxification enzymes are responsible for the production of oxidative stress; a major contributor to the development of coronary artery disease (CAD).

Objectives
The present case-control study aimed to investigate the association of GSTT1 and GSTM1 gene polymorphisms with CAD.

Methods
In the present study, 200 patients diagnosed with CAD and 200 age, sex and population subgroup matched healthy controls were enrolled. The GSTT1 and GSTM1 gene polymorphisms were examined using multiplex PCR.

Results
The frequency of GSTT1 null genotype was significantly (p=0.038) lower in patients with CAD (6.00%) than in controls (12.50%). The GSTT1 null genotype showed protection against CAD (OR=0.45, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.92, p=0.028). The frequency of GSTM1 null genotype was significantly (p=0.004) higher in patients (31%) compared with controls (18%). The GSTM1 null genotype conferred twofold increased risk of developing CAD (OR=2.05, 95% CI 1.28 to 3.27, p=0.003).

Conclusions
The results concluded that the GSTT1 null genotype showed protection against CAD while the GSTM1 null genotype might be involved in the pathogenesis and development of CAD.
Transdiaphragmatic pericardiectomy in dogs
Authors: De Ridder M. , Kitshoff A. , Devriendt N. , Or M. , Rubio – Guzman A. , de Rooster H. 
Published: November 2016

In patients with recurrent pericardial effusions, pericardiectomy is indicated. The purpose of this study was to describe a transdiaphragmatic approach for subtotal pericardiectomy in dogs and to evaluate its feasibility. In total, 20 canine cadavers weighing less than 10 kg (group S) and 20 weighing more than 20 kg (group L) were used. Within each group, half underwent a subphrenic pericardiectomy via an intercostal approach and half via a transdiaphragmatic approach. For each approach and within each weight group, the percentage of resected pericardium was calculated and compared. Additionally, a case series of nine consecutive client‐owned dogs that underwent a transdiaphragmatic pericardiectomy for pericardial effusion was reported. Exposure of pericardium and associated phrenic nerves was excellent in cadavers and clinical patients. In group S, the percentage of resected pericardium was not significantly different between the two approaches. In group L, on the other hand, the percentage of resected pericardium was lower with the transdiaphragmatic approach compared with the intercostal approach (P=0.001). In the clinical patients, no intraoperative complications were encountered and no recurrence of pericardial effusion was seen. Subtotal pericardiectomy via a transdiaphragmatic approach is straightforward and a safe surgical procedure to obtain permanent pericardial drainage in small and large breed dogs.
First-principles calculations for transition phase, mechanical and thermodynamic properties of ZnS under extreme condition
Authors: Yang Tao , Liu Daijun , Ji Junyi , Chen Jianjun , Yu Yang , Wu Ruoxi 
Published: November 2016

The structural and mechanical properties of ZnS in both B3 and B1 phases have been investigated by the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) within the plane-wave pseudopotential density functional theory (DFT). The obtained lattice parameters and bulk modulus of ZnS for both B3 and B1 structures are well in line with the available theoretical and experimental results. Using the enthalpy–pressure data, we have predicted that the phase transition pressure of ZnS from B3 to B1 is 17.26 GPa, which is in good agreement with previous experimental values. The hydrostatic pressure-dependent elastic properties of the two structures, such as bulk modulus, shear modulus and Young’s modulus, are discussed. Then, the mechanical characteristics of ZnS, including ductile/brittle behavior and elastic anisotropy of the two cubic single-crystal structures, are investigated in details. Furthermore, the thermodynamic properties of ZnS under extreme condition are explored by quasi-harmonic Debye modeling. The calculated results show that the ductility and elastic anisotropy increase with pressure clearly except the ductility of B1. Besides, the temperature and pressure dependencies of the heat capacity and the Debye temperature are obtained and analyzed in the wide ranges.
Investigation of high thickness holographic gratings in acrylamide-based photopolymer
Authors: Wang Heng , Xu Shifeng , Ma Jia , Wang Zhaoyang , Hou Enzhu 
Published: November 2016

We studied the holographic characteristics of acrylamide-based photopolymer layers ranging in thickness from 300 [Formula: see text] to 1000 [Formula: see text]. Scattering patterns of various materials were presented, and both transmittance and scattering ratio were measured. Then, theoretical and experimental Bragg selectivity curves of two samples with thicknesses of 300 [Formula: see text] and 510 [Formula: see text] were analyzed, demonstrating the effective optical thickness inside photopolymer, which was responsible for the width of Bragg selectivity curve. Through the simulation for the spatial dynamics of refractive index distribution inside materials with different thicknesses, the attenuation of grating along the direction of thickness inside photopolymer was presented. Moreover, the photo-induced polymer chain length was evaluated, and a growing tendency of polymer chain length as increasing depth of material thickness was presented for the first time, in other words, there were polymers with longer chain length in deeper layer of material.
Novel insights into fecal incontinence in men
Authors: Mazor Yoav , Jones Michael , Andrews Alison , Kellow John E. , Malcolm Allison 
Published: November 2016

Fecal incontinence (FI) in men is common, yet data on sex differences in clinical features, physiology, and treatment are scarce. Our aim was to provide insights into FI in males compared with females. Prospectively collected data from 73 men and 596 women with FI in a tertiary referral center were analyzed. Anorectal physiology, clinical characteristics, and outcome of instrumented biofeedback (BF) were recorded. Thirty-one men with FI proceeded to BF and were matched with 62 age-matched women with FI who underwent BF. Men with FI had higher resting, squeeze, and cough anal sphincter pressures ( P < 0.001) and were more able to hold a sustained squeeze compared with women ( P = 0.04). Men with FI had higher rectal pressure and less inadequate rectal pressure on strain and higher sensory thresholds ( P < 0.05). Men, but not women, with isolated soiling had higher anal resting and squeeze pressures compared with those with overt FI ( P < 0.05). Men were less likely to undergo BF when offered compared with women. Baseline symptom severity did not differ between the groups. In men, the absence of an organic cause for the FI and the presence of overt FI, but not isolated soiling, were correlated with improvement in patient satisfaction following BF. The outcomes of 50% reduction in FI episodes, physician assessment, symptoms, and quality of life scores after BF all significantly improved in men similarly to women. We conclude that men, compared with women, with FI have unique clinical features and physiology and are less likely to have investigations and treatment despite successful outcome with BF. Future studies to customize treatment in males and determine barriers to therapy are warranted. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Fecal incontinence in men is common, yet data on sex differences in clinical features, physiology, and treatment are scarce. We provide evidence that men, compared with women, with fecal incontinence have unique clinical features and physiology and are less likely to have investigations and treatment despite successful outcome with anorectal biofeedback therapy.
Intrauterine growth restriction influences vascular remodeling and stiffening in the weanling rat more than sex or diet
Authors: Dodson R. Blair , Miller Thomas A. , Powers Kyle , Yang Yueqin , Yu Baifeng , Albertine Kurt H. , Zinkhan Erin K. 
Published: November 2016

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) increases the incidence of adult cardiovascular disease (CVD). The sex-specific developmental mechanisms for IUGR-induced and Western high-fat diet (HFD) modification of CVD remain poorly understood. We hypothesized a maternal HFD in the Sprague-Dawley rat would augment IUGR-induced CVD in the offspring through decreased cardiac function and increased extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and stiffness in a sex-specific manner. HFD or regular diet (Reg) was given from 5 wk before mating through postnatal day (PND) 21. IUGR was induced by uterine artery ligation at embryonic day 19.5 (term = 21.5 days). At PND 21, echocardiographic assessments were made and carotid arteries tested for vascular compliance using pressure myography. Arterial samples were quantified for ECM constituents or fixed for histologic evaluation. The insult of IUGR (IUGR + Reg and IUGR + HFD) led to increased mechanical stiffness in both sexes ( P < 0.05). The combination of IUGR + HFD increased diastolic blood pressure 47% in males (M) and 35% in females (F) compared with the Con + Reg ( P < 0.05). ECM remodeling in IUGR + HFD caused fewer (M = −29%, F = −24%) but thicker elastin bands (M = 18%, F = 18%) and increased total collagen (M = 49%, F = 34%) compared with Con + Reg arteries. Remodeling in IUGR + HFD males increased medial collagen and soluble collagen ( P < 0.05). Remodeling in IUGR + HFD females increased adventitial collagen and wall thickness ( P < 0.05) and decreased matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), advanced glycosylation end products (AGE), and receptor AGE (RAGE; P < 0.05). In summary, both IUGR + Reg and IUGR + HFD remodel ECM in PND 21 rats. While IUGR + HFD increases blood pressure, IUGR but not HFD increases vascular stiffness suggesting a specific mechanism of vascular remodeling that can be targeted to limit future disease.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We report intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) increases vascular stiffening in both male and female rats through increased collagen content and altered elastin structure more than a high-fat diet (HFD) alone. Our study shows the importance of stiffness supporting the hypothesis that there are physiologic differences and potential windows for early intervention targeting vascular remodeling mechanisms.
A mechanistic physicochemical model of carbon dioxide transport in blood
Authors: O’Neill David P. , Robbins Peter A. 
Published: November 2016

A number of mathematical models have been produced that, given the Pco2and Po2of blood, will calculate the total concentrations for CO2and O2in blood. However, all these models contain at least some empirical features, and thus do not represent all of the underlying physicochemical processes in an entirely mechanistic manner. The aim of this study was to develop a physicochemical model of CO2carriage by the blood to determine whether our understanding of the physical chemistry of the major chemical components of blood together with their interactions is sufficiently strong to predict the physiological properties of CO2carriage by whole blood. Standard values are used for the ionic composition of the blood, the plasma albumin concentration, and the hemoglobin concentration. All Kmvalues required for the model are taken from the literature. The distribution of bicarbonate, chloride, and H+ions across the red blood cell membrane follows that of a Gibbs-Donnan equilibrium. The system of equations that results is solved numerically using constraints for mass balance and electroneutrality. The model reproduces the phenomena associated with CO2carriage, including the magnitude of the Haldane effect, very well. The structural nature of the model allows various hypothetical scenarios to be explored. Here we examine the effects of 1) removing the ability of hemoglobin to form carbamino compounds; 2) allowing a degree of Cl−binding to deoxygenated hemoglobin; and 3) removing the chloride (Hamburger) shift. The insights gained could not have been obtained from empirical models.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study is the first to incorporate a mechanistic model of chloride-bicarbonate exchange between the erythrocyte and plasma into a full physicochemical model of the carriage of carbon dioxide in blood. The mechanistic nature of the model allowed a theoretical study of the quantitative significance for carbon dioxide transport of carbamino compound formation; the putative binding of chloride to deoxygenated hemoglobin, and the chloride (Hamburger) shift.
Aerobic exercise in humans mobilizes HSCs in an intensity-dependent manner
Authors: Baker Jeff M. , Nederveen Joshua P. , Parise Gianni 
Published: November 2016

Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells are necessary to maintain, repair, and reconstitute the hematopoietic blood cell system. Mobilization of these cells from bone marrow to blood can be greatly increased under certain conditions, one such being exercise. The purpose of this study was to identify the importance of exercise intensity in hematopoietic mobilization, to better understand the mobilization kinetics postexercise, and to determine if exercise is capable of mobilizing several specific populations of hematopoietic cells that have clinical relevance in a transplant setting. Healthy individuals were exercised on a cycle ergometer at 70% of their peak work rate (WRpeak) until volitional fatigue and at 30% of their WRpeakwork matched to the 70% WRpeakbout. Blood was collected before, immediately post, and 10, 30, and 60 min postexercise. Total blood cells, hematocrit, and mononuclear cells isolated by density gradient centrifugation were counted. Specific populations of hematopoietic stem cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Mononuclear cells, CD34+, CD34+/CD38−, CD34+/CD110+, CD3−/CD16+/CD56+, CD11c+/CD123−, and CD11c−/CD123+cells per millilter of blood increased postexercise. Overall, the 70% WRpeakexercise group showed greater mobilization immediately postexercise, while there was no observable increase in mobilization in the work matched 30% WRpeakexercise group. Mobilization of specific populations of hematopoietic cells mirrored changes in the general mobilization of mononuclear cells, suggesting that exercise serves as a nonspecific mobilization stimulus. Evidently, higher intensity exercise is capable of mobilizing hematopoietic cells to a large extent and immediately postexercise is an ideal time point for their collection.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Here we demonstrate for the first time that mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) through exercise is intensity dependent, with the greatest mobilization occurring immediately after high-intensity exercise. As well, we show that exercise is a general stimulus for mobilization: increases in specific HSC populations are reliant on general mononuclear cell mobilization. Finally, we demonstrate no differences in mobilization between groups with different aerobic fitness.
Plasma levels of the anti-coagulation protein C and the risk of ischaemic heart disease
Authors: Schooling C. Mary , Zhong Yi 
Published: November 2016

SummaryProtein C is an environmentally modifiable anticoagulant, which protects against venous thrombosis, whether it also protects against ischaemic heart disease is unclear, based on observational studies and relatively small genetic studies. It was our study aim to clarify the role of protein C in ischaemic heart disease. The risk of coronary artery disease/myocardial infarction (CAD/MI) was assessed according to genetically predicted protein C in very large studies. Associations with lipids and diabetes were similarly assessed to rule out effects via traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors. Separate sample instrumental variable analysis with genetic instruments (Mendelian randomisation) was used to obtain an unconfounded estimate of the association of protein C (based on (rs867186 (PROCR), rs3746429 (EDEM2), rs7580658 (inter/PROC)) with CAD/MI in an extensively genotyped case (n=64374)-control (n=130681) study, CARDIoGRAMplusC4D. Associations with lipids and diabetes were similarly assessed using the Global Lipids Genetics Consortium Results (n=196,475) and the DIAbetes Genetics Replication And Meta-analysis case (n=34,380)-control (n=114,981) study. Genetically predicted protein C was negatively associated with CAD/MI, odds ratio (OR) 0.85 µg/ml, 95 % confidence interval 0.80 to 0.90, but had no such negative association with lipids or diabetes. Results were similar for the SNP rs867186 functionally relevant to protein C, and including additional potentially pleiotropic SNPs (rs1260326 (GCKR), rs17145713 (BAZ1B) and rs4321325 (CYP27C1)). In conclusion, protein C may protect against CAD/MI. Whether environmental or dietary items that raise protein C protect against ischaemic cardiovascular disease by that mechanism should be investigated.Supplementary Material to this article is available online at www.thrombosis-online.com.
Watch it
Authors: Marois Roger 
Published: November 2016

Os participantes do National Symposium for the Development of Database Standards for Archaeological Collections Management, ocorrido em 1987, na cidade de Fayetteville, Arkansas, descobriram que a partir dos princípios de organização elaborados para cada programação institucional, toma-se impossível fazer um único programa nacional. Além disso, este artigo apresenta exemplos para demonstrar a necessidade de definir os termos arqueológicos especializados com maior precisão.
La antigüedad del Hombre en el nordeste de Brasil
Authors: Martin Gabriela 
Published: November 2016

Entre os pré-historiadores americanistas existem várias tendencias em relação à antiguidade do povoamento americano. As mais conservadoras não aceitam o povoamento do continente em datas anteriores a 20.000 anos e as mais avançadas chegam a admitir a possibilidade do homo erectus ter chegado à América 200 ou 300 mil anos atrás. Neste artigo resume-se os dados cronológicos conhecidos em relação a esse tema em comparação aos dados relativos ao Nordeste do Brasil.
Contribuições arqueológicas, etnoarqueológicas e etno-históricas para o estudo dos grupos tribais do Brasil Central: o caso Bororo
Authors: Wüst Irmhild 
Published: November 2016

As evidências arqueológicas, etnoarqueológicas e etnohistóricas sugerem que os índios Bororo do sudeste do Mato Grosso resultaram da fusão de grupos étnicos e culturais distintos. A ruptura com os agricultores da tradição Uru, que ocuparam anteriormente esta área, é explicada em termos de pressões internas e externas e do predomínio político de um grupo provavelmente minoritário, portador de uma nova estratégia de subsistência, padrão de assentamento e tecnologia, instaurando-se uma nova ordem social a um nível de integração regional mais amplo, dramaticamente interrompido a partir dos primeiros contatos diretos com a sociedade nacional.
As estruturas arqueológicas do Alto Paranaíba e Triângulo Mineiro - Minas Gerais
Authors: Alves Marcia Angelina 
Published: November 2016

O presente artigo apresenta as estruturas arqueológicas (associadas à estratigrafía e às datações) das regiões do ALTO PARANAÍBA e TRIANGULO MINEIRO, Estado de Minas Gerais, detectadas e evidenciadas pelo projeto de pré-história “QUEBRA ANZOL”, criado em 1980. Este projeto baseia-se na execução de um programa de PROSPECÇÕES e ESCAVAÇÕES sistemáticas que, em doze anos de pesquisa, possibilitou escavar seis sítios arqueológicos - PRADO, SILVA SERROTE, INHAZINHA, REZENDE, MENEZES e RODRIGUES FURTADO, objetivando a obtenção de uma ampla visão da arqueologia do Vale do Paranaíba, Minas Gerais.
As propriedades físicas dos arenitos silicificados e suas implicações na aptidão ao lascamento
Authors: Araújo Astolfo Gomes de Mello 
Published: November 2016

Este artigo visa .apresentar alguns resultados obtidos a partir do estudo de seções delgadas de arenitos silicificados, matéria-prima abundante na região sudeste do Brasil. Foram comparadas cinco amostras de arenito silicificado com diferentes graus de aptidão ao lascamento e buscadas as relações entre essa aptidão e as características físicas das amostras (arredondamento, esfericidade, granulometria etc.). Os resultados obtidos corroboraram algumas hipóteses levantadas a respeitodessas relações e abriram uma perspectiva para o estudo do comportamento físico deste tipo de matéria-prima.
Herbert Baldus: vida e obra — Introdução ao indigenismo de um americanista teuto-brasileiro
Authors: Sampaio-Silva Orlando 
Published: November 2016

Herbert Baldus foi um antropólogo teuto-brasileiro que exerceu importante papel na constituição da pesquisa e dos conhecimentos antropológicos no Brasil. Seu trabalho científico se desenvolveu intimamente ligado ao curso de sua própria vida, que transcorreu, em sua maior parte, neste país, dedicada ao ensino, à pesquisa, à divulgação científica e à tentativa de instituir uma política indigenista comprometida com a preservação das etnias indígenas. A contribuição de seu pensamento teórico, tendo iniciado com explanações sobre as culturas materiais e não materiais, passou por abordagens funcionalistas e estruturalistas, lançando as bases dos estudos das sociedades indígenas em situação de contato e de mudança cultural.