bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression and enzyme activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 in human skin and tissue‐engineered skin equivalents
Authors: Smith Sarah A. , Colley Helen E. , Sharma Parveen , Slowik Klaudia M. , Sison‐Young Rowena , Sneddon Andrew , Webb Steven D. , Murdoch Craig 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCYP3A4 and CYP4A5 share specificity for a wide range of xenobiotics with the CYP3 subfamily collectively involved in the biotransformation of approximately 30% of all drugs. CYP3A4/5 mRNA transcripts have been reported in the skin, yet knowledge of their protein expression and function is lacking. In this study, we observed gene and protein expression of CYP3A4/5 in both human skin and tissue‐engineered skin equivalents (TESEs), and enzyme activity was detected using the model substrate benzyl‐O‐methyl‐cyanocoumarin. Mass spectrometric analysis of TESE lysates following testosterone application revealed a time‐dependent increase in metabolite production, confirming the functional expression of these enzymes in skin.
The Maternal Gatekeeping Scale: Constructing a Measure
Authors: Puhlman Daniel J. , Pasley Kay 
Published: December 2017

ObjectiveTo develop and test a measure that comprehensively captures the concept of maternal gatekeeping.BackgroundMaternal gatekeeping encompasses the ways in which mothers restrict or support father involvement with children. We proposed a three‐dimensional (Encouragement, Discouragement, and Control) model of gatekeeping to describe the nuances of the maternal gatekeeping, but no measures have yet been developed that provide scholars with a way to empirically test the theoretical model.MethodData were collected from 256 mothers and 204 fathers of children between 3 and 7 years of age. A panel of national experts and parents established face validity, and a 3‐factor solution resulted in separate models for mothers and fathers.ResultsCorrelations between the subscales and 2 established measures of gatekeeping and coparenting were examined to establish construct validity; the new measures correlated in expected ways.ConclusionThe use of different items for mothers and fathers will allow scholars to account for differences depending on whether the reporter is engaged in gatekeeping or the recipient of gatekeeping behavior.ImplicationsThe new measure may be a useful tool for researchers attempting to measure maternal gatekeeping as a multidimensional construct.
Do habitat measurements in the vicinity of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr matter?
Authors: Mocq J. , St‐Hilaire A. , Cunjak R. A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAtlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., parr habitat characterisation is usually performed by in situ measures of key environmental variables taken at the exact fish location if the fishing gear allows precise pinpointing of this location, or in large sampling sections covering a river reach or mesohabitat, often ignoring variability in the immediate vicinity around individual fish. These data may be critically important in the development and validation of habitat preference models. The influences of seven increasing distances of measures, the variation of the number of considered measures and the depth of velocity measurement (bottom or 0.6 of the depth) in the calculations of HSI (Habitat Suitability Index) from a multiple‐experts fuzzy model of Atlantic salmon parr habitat were tested. When a parr was present, six measures collected in a 50‐cm radius around the fish to provide an average measure as input data and velocity measured at 60% of the depth gave the highest HSI values. These results show some potential for the use of an intermediate study scale, between micro‐ and mesohabitat, and questions how fish habitat conditions are currently measured.
Climate warming is associated with smaller body size and shorter lifespans in moose near their southern range limit
Authors: Hoy Sarah R. , Peterson Rolf O. , Vucetich John A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDespite the importance of body size for individual fitness, population dynamics and community dynamics, the influence of climate change on growth and body size is inadequately understood, particularly for long‐lived vertebrates. Although temporal trends in body size have been documented, it remains unclear whether these changes represent the adverse impact of climate change (environmental stress constraining phenotypes) or its mitigation (via phenotypic plasticity or evolution). Concerns have also been raised about whether climate change is indeed the causal agent of these phenotypic shifts, given the length of time‐series analysed and that studies often do not evaluate – and thereby sufficiently rule out – other potential causes. Here, we evaluate evidence for climate‐related changes in adult body size (indexed by skull size) over a 4–decade period for a population of moose (Alces alces) near the southern limit of their range whilst also considering changes in density, predation, and human activities. In particular, we document: (i) a trend of increasing winter temperatures and concurrent decline in skull size (decline of 19% for males and 13% for females) and (ii) evidence of a negative relationship between skull size and winter temperatures during the first year of life. These patterns could be plausibly interpreted as an adaptive phenotypic response to climate warming given that latitudinal/temperature clines are often accepted as evidence of adaptation to local climate. However, we also observed: (iii) that moose with smaller skulls had shorter lifespans, (iv) a reduction in lifespan over the 4‐decade study period, and (v) a negative relationship between lifespan and winter temperatures during the first year of life. Those observations indicate that this phenotypic change is not an adaptive response to climate change. However, this decline in lifespan was not accompanied by an obvious change in population dynamics, suggesting that climate change may affect population dynamics and life‐histories differently.
Effectiveness of chopped lucerne hay as a moisture absorbent for low dry‐matter maize silage: Effluent reduction, fermentation quality and intake by sheep
Authors: Barmaki S. , Alamouti A. A. , Khadem A. A. , Afzalzadeh A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis study determined effects of addition of lucerne hay (LH) as moisture absorbent on effluent reduction, fermentation and subsequent intake of maize (corn) silage by sheep. Treatments included maize forage ensiled without LH (LH0), with 50 g/kg LH (LH5) and with 100 g/kg LH (LH10) on a fresh weight basis. Silages were made in 150‐kg bags in triplicate. Upon opening, representative samples from each bag were taken twice weekly during a feeding trial and used for laboratory analyses in a completely randomized design. Silages were fed ad libitum to six ewes in a duplicated 3 × 3 Latin square design with 21‐day periods for intake and digestibility determination. Lucerne hay incorporation linearly increased DM, ash, water‐soluble carbohydrates, buffering capacity and pH of silages, while it linearly decreased ammonia nitrogen, acetic acid and ethanol concentrations (p < .05). Effluent volume linearly decreased from 33 ml/kg in LH0 to 0.8 ml/kg in LH10. Addition of LH resulted in a linear increase in intakes of organic matter and fibre in ewes, while digestibilities of these nutrients linearly decreased (p < .05). Lucerne hay addition improved fermentation parameters and resulted in increased intake of maize silage without having negative impact on aerobic stability.
Twentieth century US labor history: Pedagogy, politics, and controversies Part 1
Authors: Pearson Chad 
Published: December 2017

AbstractTwentieth Century labor history is far reaching and has had a major influence on the historical profession. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, most labor historians were economists, scholars responsible for describing industrial relations and labor as a movement. Beginning in the 1960s, twentieth century labor scholars, most of whom were trained as historians and influenced by the Civil Rights, anti‐war, and labor movements, began focusing on the working classes more broadly, highlighting the ways a wide range of workers, including men, women, and African Americans, lived their lives both on the shop floor and in their communities. Politically, most labor historians in this period wrote as leftists or liberals, and many sought to reach audiences beyond university seminar rooms. But labor historians, especially Marxist types, have faced many attacks from critics for supposedly paying insufficient attention to gender and racial issues. In general, these critics have overstated their cases, failing to appreciate the many pioneering studies by labor historians that examine gender and racial relations without losing sight of class divisions and struggles.
The biographical turn and the case for historical biography
Authors: Meister Daniel R. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBiography has long been ostracized from the academy while remaining a popular genre among the general public. Recent heightened interest in biography among academics has some speaking of a biographical turn, but in Canada historical biography continues to be undervalued. Having not found a home in any one discipline, Biography Studies is emerging as an independent discipline, especially in the Netherlands. This Dutch School of biography is moving biography studies away from the less scholarly life writing tradition and towards history by encouraging its practitioners to utilize an approach adapted from microhistory. In response to these developments, this article contends that the discipline of history should take concrete steps to strengthen the subfield of Historical Biography. It further argues that works written in this tradition ought to chart a middle path between those studies that place undue focus on either the individual life or on broader historical questions. By employing a critical narrative approach, works of Historical Biography will prove valuable to both academic and non‐academic readers alike.
Calcium chloride‐enriched calcium aluminate cement promotes in vitro osteogenesis
Authors: Castro‐Raucci L. M. S. , Teixeira L. N. , Barbosa A. F. S. , Fernandes R. R. , Raucci‐Neto W. , Jacobovitz M. , Oliveira I. R. , de Oliveira P. T. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAimTo evaluate the effects of 2.8% or 10% calcium chloride (CaCl2) in calcium aluminate cement (CAC) with either bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) or zinc oxide (ZnO) as radiopacifiers on the progression of osteogenic cell cultures.MethodologyRat calvaria‐derived cells were grown on Thermanox® coverslips for 24 h and exposed to samples of (i) CACb: with 2.8% CaCl2 and 25% Bi2O3; (ii) CACb+: with 10% CaCl2 and 25% Bi2O3; (iii) CACz: with 2.8% CaCl2 and 25% ZnO; or (iv) CACz+: with 10% CaCl2 and 25% ZnO, placed on inserts. Nonexposed cultures served as the control. Calcium and phosphorus contents in culture media were quantified. The effects of the cements on cell apoptosis, cell viability and acquisition of the osteogenic cell phenotype were evaluated. Data were compared by Kruskal–Wallis test (α = 5%).ResultsCACb+ promoted the highest levels of calcium in the culture media; CACz+, the lowest levels of phosphorus (P < 0.05). CACz+ and CACb increased cell apoptosis (P < 0.05). CACb reduced cell viability (P < 0.05) and the expression of the osteoblastic phenotype. CACz+ and CACb+ promoted greater cell differentiation and matrix mineralization compared to CACz and CACb (P < 0.05).ConclusionFor CAC with the lower CaCl2 content, the use of Bi2O3 was detrimental for osteoblastic cell survival and differentiation compared to ZnO, while CAC with the higher CaCl2 content supported the acquisition of the osteogenic cell phenotype in vitro regardless of the radiopacifier used. Thus, CAC with 10% CaCl2 would potentially promote bone repair in the context of endodontic therapies.
The long‐term quality of life and information needs of prostate cancer survivors
Authors: Diver Sean , Avalos Gloria , Rogers Eamonn T , Dowling Maura 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTWhat are the quality of life (QoL) and information needs of long‐term prostate cancer survivors? Numbers of prostate cancer survivors are increasing and it is vital that their QoL issues and information needs are understood. The long‐term effects of surviving prostate cancer is poorly understood. Specialist nurses play a key role in their management. A cross‐sectional survey was used. The study questionnaire [(European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer‐Quality of Life Questionnaire) EORTC‐QLQ‐30 and EORTC QOL‐INFO25] was posted to 398 prostate cancer survivors attending an Irish centre managed by a clinical nurse specialist and consultant. Completed questionnaires (n = 195) were returned (response rate 49%). Overall, the men demonstrated a Global Health Status/QoL score of 77·6 (SD 20·7), demonstrating a high or healthy level of functioning. Men on hormonal therapy demonstrated inferior physical function in comparison to other treatment options. Fatigue and insomnia were the most frequent symptom experienced, while age was the most significant demographic variable affecting symptom scales. Men undergoing active surveillance for prostate cancer management were least happy with information received (p = 0·019). Comparison with EORTC QLQ‐C30 international reference values suggests that this cohort report a high/healthy QoL. However, a significant proportion of men expressed a need for the receipt of further information, especially men on active surveillance. Specialist nurses are in a unique position to meet the information needs of long‐term prostate cancer patients. However, planning is needed to ensure there are enough specialist nurses to meet the information needs of a growing number of men surviving prostate cancer.
Vitellogenin and its receptor play essential roles in the development and reproduction of the brown citrus aphid, Aphis (Toxoptera) citricidus
Authors: Shang F. , Niu J.‐Z. , Ding B.‐Y. , Zhang Q. , Ye C. , Zhang W. , Smagghe G. , Wang J.‐J. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractVitellogenin (Vg) and its receptor (VgR) play a key role in the reproductive process and development of insects. Aphids are a group of high‐fecundity insect species with pseudoplacental viviparity, but the roles of their Vg and VgR genes have not been investigated yet. The brown citrus aphid, Aphis (Toxoptera) citricidus, is a major insect pest of citrus and the main vector of Citrus tristeza closterovirus. In this study, we identified and characterized these two genes, designated as AcVg and AcVgR, from the brown citrus aphid. We found that AcVg has lost the DUF1943 domain that is present in other insect Vgs. Silencing of AcVg and AcVgR led to a delay in the nymph–adult transition, a prolonged prereproductive period, and a shortened reproductive period, which in turn resulted in slower embryonic development and fewer new‐born nymphs. Interestingly, silencing of AcVg decreased the transcript level of AcVgR, but silencing of AcVgR resulted in increased transcript levels of AcVg. In addition, silencing of Vg/VgR had similar phenotypes between alate and apterous morphs, suggesting that the functions of these two genes are the same in the two wing morphs of the aphid. Our results demonstrate that Vg and VgR are involved in various aspects of aphid development and reproduction. Further studies on the synthesis of Vg could help to elucidate the reproductive mechanism and provide information that will be useful for developing new pest control strategies.
Phylogenetic biogeography reveals the timing and source areas of the Adiantum species (Pteridaceae) in the West Indies, with a special focus on Cuba
Authors: Regalado Ledis , Lóriga Josmaily , Bechteler Julia , Beck Andreas , Schneider Harald , Heinrichs Jochen 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAimThe processes that shaped the West Indian fern flora remain poorly understood. We attempt to investigate earlier biogeographical patterns described for the region using the genus Adiantum as model. These patterns propose that the West Indian fern flora has (1) an essentially continental rather than insular character, having a rich representation of species occurring in tropical America; (2) the Greater Antilles have a higher fern diversity and higher endemism than the Lesser Antilles, and (3) adaptive speciation has been an important process in shaping the fern diversity of the Greater Antilles.LocationWest Indies.MethodsAdiantum is a subcosmopolitan genus that comprises 200–225 species of which 33 occur in the West Indies. We compiled the most comprehensive molecular dataset of Adiantum available to date, including the chloroplast markers rbcL, atpA, atpB and trnL‐F of 407 accessions belonging to 101 species, 24 of which occur in the West Indies. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference approaches were applied to generate phylogenetic hypotheses. Divergence times were estimated using published substitution rates. Ancestral areas were estimated using BioGeoBEARS.ResultsThe extant West Indian Adiantum species originate from at least 17 predominantly Miocene immigration events, 11 from South America and six from Central America, in combination with two cladogenetic events. The Cuban endemics Adiantum alomae and A. sericeum, as well as the Greater Antillean A. deltoideum, A. cristatum and A. pyramidale first appeared during the Pleistocene. The emergence of A. alomae and A. deltoideum coincides with the formation of the karstic relief of the Cuban coasts.Main conclusionsImmigration, rather than cladogenesis, governed the evolution of the West Indian Adiantum species. Our results concur with theoretical models proposed for island communities, suggesting that geologically younger and smaller island assemblages mainly derive from immigration, whereas cladogenesis plays an important role in older and larger islands.
Ice or fire? Comparison of second‐generation cryoballoon ablation and radiofrequency ablation in patients with symptomatic persistent atrial fibrillation and an enlarged left atrium
Authors: Akkaya Ersan , Berkowitsch Alexander , Zaltsberg Sergej , Greiss Harald , Hamm Christian W. , Sperzel Johannes , Neumann Thomas , Kuniss Malte 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIntroductionWe aimed to compare arrhythmia recurrence rates after second‐generation cryoballoon (CB‐Adv) ablation and radiofrequency (RF) ablation in patients with symptomatic persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) and left atrial (LA) enlargement.Methods and resultsPersistent AF patients with LA enlargement were compared using a propensity‐score‐matching algorithm, and 111 patients treated with CB‐Adv ablation and 111 patients treated with RF ablation were selected. The primary endpoint was the first documented >30‐second arrhythmia recurrence after a 3‐month blanking period. Median LA area was comparable between the RF and CB‐Adv groups (24.2 vs. 24.0 cm2, P = 0.49). In addition to pulmonary vein isolation, roof lines (RLs) with bidirectional conduction block were created in 48 patients in the CB‐Adv group and 49 patients in the RF group. Midterm outcome after single procedure is characterized by arrhythmia recurrences in 47 patients in the RF group and 32 patients in the CB‐Adv group (P = 0.20). There were no differences in the number of AF recurrences in the two groups (38 vs. 32, P = 0.66), but there were more instances of LA tachycardia (LAT) in the RF group than in the CB‐Adv group (11 vs. 0, P < 0.01). LAT recurrence in RF patients was associated with RL creation (9 with vs. 2 without, P < 0.01). Among patients in whom a RL was created, arrhythmia‐free survival was lower in the RF group than in the CB‐Adv group (44.9% vs. 79.2%, P < 0.01).ConclusionsArrhythmia recurrence rates in the two groups during midterm follow‐up were comparable. RL creation during CB‐Adv ablation resulted in acceptable outcomes.
Change in QRS morphology as a marker of spontaneous elimination in verapamil‐sensitive idiopathic left ventricular tachycardia
Authors: Kawakami Hiroshi , Aiba Takeshi , Ishibashi Kohei , Nakajima Ikutaro , Wada Mitsuru , Kamakura Tsukasa , Inoue Yuko , Miyamoto Koji , Okamura Hideo , Nagase Satoshi , Noda Takashi , Kokubo Yoshihiro , Miyamoto Yoshihiro , Yasuda Satoshi , Kamakura Shiro , Kusano Kengo 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundVerapamil‐sensitive idiopathic left ventricular tachycardia (verapamil‐ILVT) is thought to be due to a reentry within the LV fascicular system. Radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) is effective for elimination of the VT; however, a long‐term prognosis of patients with verapamil‐ILVT is still unclear.Methods and resultsEighty consecutive verapamil‐ILVT patients (62 men, 31 ± 12 years of age, LVEF: 65 ± 4%) were enrolled. Seventy‐six (95%) cases of VT involved right bundle branch block and left axis deviation. We retrospectively analyzed changes in the QRS duration (ΔQRS‐d) and QRS axis (ΔQRS‐axis) during follow‐up and compared them with recurrence of VT. During a mean follow‐up period of 10 years (2–32 years), no sudden death or heart failure occurred. Fifty‐one (64%) patients underwent RFCA, and 46 (90%) of them had no VT without any medication after RFCA. The ΔQRS‐d (16 ± 2 vs. 8 ± 1 ms, P = 0.24) and ΔQRS‐axis (20 ± 4 vs. 4 ± 3 degrees, P = 0.23) were not different in patients with no VT (VT[–]) and those with recurrence of VT (VT[+]). However, in the remaining 29 patients without RFCA, VT was spontaneously eliminated in 16 patients. The ΔQRS‐d (30 ± 6 vs. 6 ± 1 ms, P = 0.002) and ΔQRS‐axis (23 ± 4 vs. 5 ± 2 degrees, P = 0.001) were significantly larger in VT(–) patients compared to VT(+) patients during follow‐up.ConclusionsSome verapamil‐ILVT patients who show QRS morphology changes over the follow‐up period may become free from VT without any invasive or pharmacological treatments, suggesting that further altered LV fascicular conduction might eliminate the reentry of verapamil‐ILVT.
Effect of exposure time on mass‐rearing production of the olive fruit fly parasitoid, Psyttalia lounsburyi (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
Authors: La‐Spina M. , Pickett C. , Daane K. M. , Hoelmer K. , Blanchet A. , Williams L. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractClassical biological control programmes rely on mass production of high‐quality beneficial insects for subsequent releases into the field. Psyttalia lounsburyi (Silvestri) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is a koinobiont larval–pupal endoparasitoid of tephritid flies that is being reared to support a classical biological control programme for olive fruit fly in California. The mass‐rearing system for a P. lounsburyi colony, initiated with insects originally collected in Kenya, was evaluated with the goal of increasing production, while at the same time reducing time requirements for rearing in a quarantine facility. We tested the effect of exposure time of a factitious host Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae), on parasitization, adult production, superparasitism, and sex ratio of P. lounsburyi and survival of the host. Parasitization rates were highest (31%) at 3‐ and 4‐hr exposure times, while adult production (i.e., emergence of wasp progeny) was highest (16%) at the 2‐hr exposure time. Superparasitism over the course of the study was 1.5% and did not appear to be a factor affecting parasitoid production. The sex ratio of wasp progeny was male‐biased and did not vary significantly over different exposure times. The rate of stings on host larvae increased with exposure time and was consistent with decreases in pupal eclosion from larvae and emergence rate of adult flies. When compared to current rearing procedures, the 2‐hr exposure time resulted in an overall 2.8‐fold increase in P. lounsburyi production when standardized for time.