bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sound symbolism: the role of word sound in meaning
Authors: Svantesson Jan‐Olof 
Published: March 2017

The question whether there is a natural connection between sound and meaning or if they are related only by convention has been debated since antiquity. In linguistics, it is usually taken for granted that ‘the linguistic sign is arbitrary,’ and exceptions like onomatopoeia have been regarded as marginal phenomena. However, it is becoming more and more clear that motivated relations between sound and meaning are more common and important than has been thought. There is now a large and rapidly growing literature on subjects as ideophones (or expressives), words that describe how a speaker perceives a situation with the senses, and phonaesthemes, units like English gl‐, which occur in many words that share a meaning component (in this case ‘light’: gleam, glitter, etc.). Furthermore, psychological experiments have shown that sound symbolism in one language can be understood by speakers of other languages, suggesting that some kinds of sound symbolism are universal. WIREs Cogn Sci 2017, 8:e1441. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1441This article is categorized under:

Linguistics > Language in Mind and Brain
Linguistics > Linguistic Theory
Use of stable isotopes to distinguish wild from pen‐raised northern bobwhite
Authors: Castelli Paul M. , Reed Lisa M. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTStocking pen‐raised northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) into habitats inhabited by wild bobwhite is a widespread practice, yet no technique other than marking exists to distinguish between these birds when they are harvested or recaptured. We assessed the potential of stable isotope analysis of primary feather tissue to distinguish between wild and pen‐raised bobwhite. We obtained 104 feather samples from 3 game farms and 3 hunters in New Jersey, USA, collected between 1998 and 2006. We analyzed all samples for isotopes of carbon13C/12C, nitrogen15N/14N, sulfur34S/32S, and a preliminary sample for hydrogen2H/1H. Combinations of isotopic ratios of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur yielded unique patterns for the 2 groups, enabling us to form a significant function that discriminated between these groups 100% of the time. The function was influenced most by the isotopic ratios of nitrogen and carbon. We were unable to discriminate between age classes or sex within groups, but could discriminate among farms and between years for the one farm where we had 2 years of samples. In our pilot study, stable isotope analysis of primary feather tissue was a reliable technique for distinguishing wild and pen‐raised bobwhite for 12–14 months following postjuvenal or postnuptial feather molt. Summer stocking, feeding stations, or long‐term survival of pen‐raised birds would reduce the efficacy of this technique, depending upon the definition of a wild population. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
A comparison of three external transmitter attachment methods for snakes
Authors: Riley Julia L. , Baxter‐Gilbert James H. , Litzgus Jacqueline D. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTRadiotelemetry is a widely used and informative tool in studies of animal ecology, behavior, and conservation. Over the past 50 years, many different methods have been used to outfit animals with radiotransmitters. Radiotelemetry studies on snakes typically require anesthesia and surgery to internally implant transmitters; however, internal implantation methods can increase snake mortality and infection rates, and may alter natural behaviors, thereby reducing data validity. We qualitatively compared 3 methods of external transmitter attachment (i.e., glue‐only, tape‐and‐glue, and a subdermal stitch), and compared their utility for collection of spatial data from April to November 2012 and 2013 at Magnetawan First Nation near Britt, Ontario, Canada. Transmitters attached with glue‐only and tape‐and‐glue methods fell off shortly after deployment because of environmental factors and snake shedding. Both methods also resulted in skin irritation and slightly impeded snake movements. Conversely, the subdermal stitch method was long lasting in both the field and lab, and did not cause significant skin irritation. Also, the subdermal stitch method did not affect movement or the rattlesnake's ability to rattle. Additional quantitative research is required to determine if the subdermal stitch method triggers immune responses, infections, or negatively affects snake fitness. Our results suggest that the subdermal stitch method may be a viable external attachment method for use in radiotelemetry of snakes. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Tutorial Assistance for Board Certification in Surgery: Frequency, Associated Time and Cost
Authors: Mechera Robert , Dell‐Kuster Salome , von Strauss und Torney Marco , Langer Igor , Furrer Markus , Bucher Heiner C. , Rosenthal Rachel 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundTutorial assistance is related to extra time and cost, and the hospitals’ financial compensation for this activity is under debate. We therefore aimed at quantifying the extra time and resulting cost required to train one surgical resident in the operating theatre for board certification in Switzerland as an example of a training curriculum involving several surgical subspecialties. Additionally, we intended to quantify the percentage of tutorial assistance.MethodsWe analysed 200,700 operations carried out between 2008 and 2012. Median duration of procedure categories was calculated according to four different seniority levels. The extra time if the procedure was performed by residents, and resulting cost were analysed. The percentage of procedures carried out by residents as compared to more experienced surgeons was assessed over time.ResultsOn average, residents performed about a third of all operations including typical teaching procedures like appendectomies. An increase in duration and cost of well‐defined procedures categories, e.g. cholecystectomies was demonstrated if a resident performed the procedure. In less well‐defined categories, residents seemed to perform less difficult procedures than senior consultants resulting in shorter durations of surgery.ConclusionsThe financial impact of tutorial assistance is important, and solutions need to be found to compensate for this activity. The low percentage of procedures performed by trainees may make it difficult to fulfil requirements for board certification within a reasonable period of time. This should be addressed within the training curriculum.
Bilateral Axillo‐Breast Approach Robotic Thyroidectomy (BABA RT) Does Not Interfere with Breast Image Follow‐Up
Authors: Yu Hyeong Won , Chai Young Jun , Kwon Hyungju , Kim Su‐jin , Choi June Young , Lee Kyu Eun 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundBilateral axillo‐breast approach robotic thyroidectomy (BABA RT) is frequently performed and has excellent cosmetic results. However, there has been concern that subcutaneous tunneling in construction of the operation field might interfere with subsequent breast imaging. In this study, we evaluated whether BABA RT interferes with breast imaging by evaluating serial perioperative results of mammography and ultrasonography.MethodsWe selected female patients who underwent BABA RT between 2008 and 2012, and who also had mammography or ultrasonography pre‐ and postoperatively, and compared the results of pre‐ and postoperative imaging. The results of mammography and ultrasonography were reported according to the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BIRADS).ResultsA total of 175 nodules from 108 female patients were analyzed. The mean age of the patients was 42.9 ± 9.7 years, and the median follow‐up period was 34.1 months. Ninety‐four patients (87.0%) underwent total thyroidectomy, and 101 patients (93.5%) had malignant thyroid disease. After BABA RT, mammography and ultrasonography were performed an average of 2.9 ± 2.0 times and 3.3 ± 2.0 times per person, respectively. Six patients required breast intervention according to mammography or ultrasonography after BABA RT, and all procedures were successfully conducted.ConclusionsBABA RT did not cause diagnostic difficulties such as poor sonic window in subsequent breast imaging studies. Routine breast imaging studies for breast nodule follow‐up could be performed without difficulties resulting from BABA RT.
The Impact of Operative Approach on Postoperative Complications Following Colectomy for Colon Caner
Authors: Mungo Benedetto , Papageorge Christina M. , Stem Miloslawa , Molena Daniela , Lidor Anne O. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundColectomy is one of the most common major abdominal procedures performed in the USA. A better understanding of risk factors and the effect of operative approach on adverse postoperative outcomes may significantly improve quality of care.MethodsAdult patients with a primary diagnosis of colon cancer undergoing colectomy were selected from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program 2013–2015 targeted colectomy database. Patients were stratified into five groups based on specific operative approach. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to compare the five groups and identify risk factors for 30‐day anastomotic leak, readmission, and mortality.ResultsIn total, 25,097 patients were included in the study, with a 3.32% anastomotic leak rate, 1.20% mortality rate, and 9.57% readmission rate. After adjusting for other factors, open surgery and conversion to open significantly increased the odds for leak, mortality, and readmission compared to laparoscopy. Additionally, smoking and chemotherapy increased the risk for leak and readmission, while total resection was associated with increased mortality and leak.ConclusionsOperative approach and several other potentially modifiable perioperative factors have a significant impact on risk for adverse postoperative outcomes following colectomy. To improve quality of care for these patients, efforts should be made to identify and minimize the influence of such risk factors.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: A83-01 inhibits TGF-β-induced upregulation of Wnt3 and epithelial to mesenchymal transition in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells
Authors: Wu Yanyuan , Tran Trinh , Dwabe Sami , Sarkissyan Marianna , Kim Juri , Nava Miguel , Clayton Sheilah , Pietras Richard , Farias-Eisner Robin , Vadgama Jaydutt V. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study is to investigate the mechanisms of interactions between TGF-β and Wnt/β-catenin pathways that induce and regulate EMT and promote breast cancer cells to become resistant to treatment.

Methods
The effect of TGF-β on Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was examined by using a human Wnt/β-catenin-regulated cDNA plate array and western blot analysis. The interaction of Twist at promoter of Wnt3 was examined by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay. Secreted Wnt3 level was determined by ELISA assay.

Results
HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells treated with TGF-β have a reduced response to trastuzumab and exhibited EMT-like phenotype. The TGF-β-induced EMT in HER2-cells was concordant with upregulation of Wnt3 and β-catenin pathways. The TGF-β-induced induction of Wnt3 during EMT was found to be Smad3-dependent. ChIP analysis identified occupancy of Twist at promoter region of Wnt3. Knock-down of Twist by shRNA confirmed the significance of Twist in response to TGF-β regulating Wnt3 during EMT. Subsequently, TGF-β-induced matrix metalloproteinases, MMP1, MMP7, MMP9, MMP26, Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF), and activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling were repressed by the shRNA treatment. TGF-βR1 ALK5 kinase inhibitor, A83-01 can effectively prevent the TGF-β-induced Twist and Wnt3. Co-treating A83-01 and trastuzumab inhibited TGF-β-induced cell invasion significantly in both trastuzumab responsive and resistant cells.

Conclusions
Our data demonstrated an important interdependence between TGF-β and Wnt/β-catenin pathways inducing EMT in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells. Twist served as a linkage between the two pathways during TGF-β-induced EMT. A83-01 could inhibit the TGF-β-initiated pathway interactions and enhance HER2-cells response to trastuzumab treatment.
Life satisfaction and perceived stress among young offenders in a residential therapeutic community: Latent change score analysis
Authors: Tang Kristen N.S. , Chan Christian S. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTRecent rehabilitation frameworks underscore the importance of strength‐based interventions for young offenders who may lack internal and external resources to manage their stress and plan for their life. This multi‐wave longitudinal study investigated the dynamic relationship between perceived stress and life satisfaction among a group of young ex‐offenders in a residential therapeutic community. Four waves of data were collected from 117 Hong Kong youths (24.0% female, mean age = 17.7) over one year. Latent change score analysis was employed to examine the univairate and bivariate changes of their perceived stress and life satisfaction. Results suggest a positive growth trajectory in life satisfaction over time. The results of perceived stress were less conclusive. Bivariate models indicated that the previous level of life satisfaction was negatively linked to the subsequent perceived stress level but not vice versa. The findings suggest that improvement in life satisfaction may reduce perceived stress in young ex‐offenders.
From acute to chronic back pain: Using linear mixed models to explore changes in pain intensity, disability, and depression
Authors: Bendayan Rebecca , Ramírez-Maestre Carmen , Ferrer Emilio , López Alicia , Esteve Rosa 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Background/aims
This longitudinal study investigated the pattern of change in pain intensity, disability, and depression in 232 chronic pain patients who were followed up for 2 years since pain onset. Most studies that have investigated changes in these variables over time have used participants who had already been in pain for more than 3 months. Few studies have followed up individuals from the acute phase onward and such studies used traditional statistical methods that cannot identify transition points over time or measure inter-individual variability.

Methods
We followed up individuals with chronic pain from pain onset up to 18 months and we examined their pain intensity, disability and depression trajectories using a modelling approach that allows to account for between and within-individual variability. We compared three patterns of change based on theoretical criterions: a simple linear growth model; a spline model with a 3-month transition point; and a spline model with a 6-month transition point. Time with pain was selected as time metric to characterise the change in these variables in the transition from acute to chronic pain. Sex and age differences were also examined.

Results
The results showed that the pain intensity trajectory was best represented by the spline model with a 3-month transition point, whereas disability and depression were best explained by linear growth models. There were sex differences at intercept level in all the models. There were age differences at baseline for pain intensity. No sex or age differences were found for the slope.

Conclusions
Pain intensity decreased in the first 3 months but underwent no further change. Disability and depression slightly but constantly decreased over time. Although women and older individuals are more likely to report higher pain intensity or pain-related disability in the first three months with pain, no differences by sex or age appear to be associated with the changes in pain intensity, depression and disability through the process of chronification.

Implications
Our findings suggest that pain chronification could be considered a continuous process and contribute to the ongoing discussion on the utility of standard classifications of pain as acute or chronic from a clinical point of view. Clinical and intervention decisions based in these standard classifications should consider the differences in the trajectories of pain related variables over time. In addition, this article illustrates a statistical procedure that can be of utility to pain researchers.
Natural Agency: The Case of Bacterial Cognition
Authors: FULDA FERMÍN C. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT:I contrast an ecological account of natural agency with the traditional Cartesian conception using recent research in bacterial cognition and cellular decision making as a test case. I argue that the Cartesian conception—namely, the view that agency presupposes cognition—generates a dilemma between mechanism, the view that bacteria are mere automata, and intellectualism, the view that they exhibit full-blown cognition. Unicellular organisms, however, occupy a middle ground between these two extremes. On the one hand, their capacities and activities are too adaptive to count as mere machines. On the other hand, they lack the open-ended responsiveness of cognitive agents to rational norms. An ecological conception of agency as the gross behavioral capacity to respond to affordances, I argue, does not presuppose cognition and allows for degrees of agency along a continuum, from the simplest adaptive agents, such as unicellular organisms, to the most sophisticated cognitive agents. Bacteria, I conclude, are adaptiveagents, hence not mere automata, but notcognitiveagents.
Synthetic primatology: what humans and chimpanzees do in a Japanese laboratory and the African field
Authors: LANGLITZ NICOLAS 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAgainst the background of humanities writing about animal agency, this article examines primatologist Tetsuro Matsuzawa's work with his ‘research partner’, the chimpanzee Ai, and her conspecifics at the Kyoto University Primate Research Institute and in an outdoor laboratory in Guinea from 1976 to 2016. This latest chapter in the history of Japanese primatology describes an attempt at synthesizing benchwork and fieldwork. It examines how what both humans and chimpanzees can do varies across a whole spectrum of scientific practices, bridging the gap between controlled experiments and field observations. While some recent animal studies literature has presented laboratory animals as deprived of agency and thereby implicitly attributed agency to creatures of the wild, this historical and ethnographic account does not take the analytic category of agency for granted, but examines how Japanese primatologists think about the ways in which chimpanzees interact with each other, with humans and with their environment.
Modelling the diversion of erratic boulders by the Valais Glacier during the last glacial maximum
Authors: JOUVET GUILLAUME , SEGUINOT JULIEN , IVY-OCHS SUSAN , FUNK MARTIN 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTIn this study, a modelling approach was used to investigate the cause of the diversion of erratic boulders from Mont Blanc and southern Valais by the Valais Glacier to the Solothurn lobe during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Using the Parallel Ice Sheet Model, we simulated the ice flow field during the LGM, and analyzed the trajectories taken by erratic boulders from areas with characteristic lithologies. The main difficulty in this exercise laid with the large uncertainties affecting the paleo climate forcing required as input for the surface mass-balance model. In order to mimic the prevailing climate conditions during the LGM, we applied different temperature offsets and regional precipitation corrections to present-day climate data, and selected the parametrizations, which yielded the best match between the modelled ice extent and the geomorphologically-based ice-margin reconstruction. After running a range of simulations with varying parameters, our results showed that only one parametrization allowed boulders to be diverted to the Solothurn lobe during the LGM. This precipitation pattern supports the existing theory of preferential southwesterly advection of moisture to the alps during the LGM, but also indicates strongly enhanced precipitation over the Mont Blanc massif and enhanced cooling over the Jura Mountains.
COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF HERBICIDES IN WEED CONTROL AND ENHANCEMENT OF PRODUCTIVITY AND PROFITABILITY OF RICE
Authors: SINGH TEEKAM , SATAPATHY BHAWANI SHANKAR , GAUTAM PRIYANKA , LAL BANWARI , KUMAR UPENDRA , SAIKIA KANCHAN , PUN K. B. 
Published: March 2017

SUMMARYWeed management is the major challenge to the success of boro rice (rice grown during Dec–Jan to May–Jun, also known as summer rice) in Southern Asia. Herbicide seems to be a cost effective and strategic tool from an agronomic view point to control weeds; however, herbicide application can potentially interfere with soil enzyme activity and microbial biomass carbon (MBC). A field study was conducted in 2012/13 and 2013/14 to evaluate the performance of sole and combined application of different pre-emergence herbicides in comparison to manual weeding in boro rice. Lowest weed density, biomass and highest weed control efficiency (~83%) were recorded with the pyrazosulfuron ethyl, causing higher grain yield (6.7 Mg ha−1 in 2012/13 and 4.5 Mg ha−1 in 2013/14) than treatments with chlorimuron + metsulfuron-methyl, bensulfuron methyl + pretilachlor, butachlor fb 2,4D, butachlor and cono-weeder. Among, the herbicidal treatments butachlor caused lower grain yield and higher weed density and biomass when compared to the others. Although grain yield was highest in weed-free treatments but net returns and (B:C) benefit cost ratio was highest for pyrazosulfuron ethyl due to high cost of hand weeding. After 15 days of herbicide application, lowest microbial biomass carbon was recorded with bensulfuron methyl + pretilachlor, whereas lower values of dehydrogenase and fluorescein diacetate activities were observed with the application of chlorimuron + metsulfuron-methyl at 15 days after herbicide application. Our results suggest that pyrazosulfuron ethyl is one broad-spectrum and economically effective herbicide for controlling weeds as an alternative to labour consuming hand weeding in boro rice cultivation.
Genetic characterization of spotted fever group rickettsiae in questing ixodid ticks collected in Israel and environmental risk factors for their infection
Authors: ROSE JESSICA , NACHUM-BIALA YAARIT , MUMCUOGLU KOSTA Y. , ALKHAMIS MOH A. , BEN-NUN ADI , LENSKY ITAMAR , KLEMENT EYAL , NASEREDDIN ABEDELMAJEED , ABDEEN ZIAD A. , HARRUS SHIMON 
Published: March 2017

SUMMARYThis study aimed to genetically characterize spotted fever group rickettsiae (SFGR) in questing ixodid ticks from Israel and to identify risk factors associated with SFGR-positive ticks using molecular techniques and geographic information systems (GIS) analysis. 1039 ticks from the genusRhipicephaluswere collected during 2014. 109/1039 (10·49%) carried SFGR-DNA of eitherRickettsia massiliae(95), ‘CandidatusRickettsia barbariae’ (8) orRickettsia conorii(6). Higher prevalence of SFGR was found inRhipicephalus turanicus(18·00%) compared withRhipicephalus sanguineussensu lato (3·22%).Rickettsia massiliaewas the most commonly detected species and the most widely disseminated throughout Israel (87·15% of allRickettsia-positive ticks). GIS analysis revealed that Central and Northern coastal regions are at high risk for SFGR. The presence of ticks was significantly associated with normalized difference vegetation index and temperature variation over the course of the year. The presence of rickettsiae was significantly associated with brown type soils, higher land surface temperature and higher precipitation. The latter parameters may contribute to infection of the tick with SFGR. Health care professionals should be aware of the possible exposure of local communities and travellers toR. massillae. Molecular and geographical information can help professionals to identify areas that are susceptible to SFGR-infected ticks.