bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A latent class approach to understanding patterns of peer victimization in four low-resource settings
Authors: Nguyen Amanda J. , Bradshaw Catherine , Townsend Lisa , Gross Alden L. , Bass Judith 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

Background:
Peer victimization is a common form of aggression among school-aged youth, but research is sparse regarding victimization dynamics in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Person-centered approaches have demonstrated utility in understanding patterns of victimization in the USA.

Objective:
We aimed to empirically identify classes of youth with unique victimization patterns in four LMIC settings using latent class analysis (LCA).

Methods:
We used data on past-year exposure to nine forms of victimization reported by 3536 youth (aged 15 years) from the Young Lives (YL) study in Ethiopia, India (Andhra Pradesh and Telangana states), Peru, and Vietnam. Sex and rural/urban context were examined as predictors of class membership.

Results:
LCA supported a 2-class model in Peru, a 3-class model in Ethiopia and Vietnam, and a 4-class model in India. Classes were predominantly ordered by severity, suggesting that youth who experienced one form of victimization were likely to experience other forms as well. In India, two unordered classes were also observed, characterized by direct and indirect victimization. Boys were more likely than girls to be in the highly victimized (HV) class in Ethiopia and India. Urban contexts, compared with rural, conferred higher risk of victimization in Ethiopia and Peru, and lower risk in India and Vietnam.

Conclusion:
The identified patterns of multiple forms of victimization highlight a limitation of common researcher-driven classifications and suggest avenues for future person-centered research to improve intervention development in LMIC settings.
Complex Assessment of Dairy and Meat Products Quality
Authors: Mladenov Mirolyub 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis paper presents a new approach and a platform for complex, non-destructive, express evaluation of quality and safety of food products, based on analysis of visual images, spectral and hyperspectral characteristics, followed by fusion the results of these analyzes. The aim is categorization of the investigated products in quality groups. The complex evaluation includes: assessment of the appearance and visual characteristics of the investigated product, evaluation of properties associated with the product composition and with the distribution of the properties on its surface. The focus is on main indicators of quality and safety of basic foodstuffs, such as meat, structural bacon, white brined cheese and yellow cheese. The following main tasks are discussed: 1) The formal description of the investigated objects; 2) The extraction of specific quality features; 3) The evaluation of classes’ data separability; 4) The classification of the foodstuffs in quality groups.
Evaluation of GPS Standard Point Positioning with Various Ionospheric Error Mitigation Techniques
Authors: Panda Sampad K. , Gedam Shirish S. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe present paper investigates accuracy of single and dual-frequency Global Positioning System (GPS) standard point positioning solutions employing different ionosphere error mitigation techniques. The total electron content (TEC) in the ionosphere is the prominent delay error source in GPS positioning, and its elimination is essential for obtaining a relatively precise positioning solution. The estimated delay error from different ionosphere models and maps, such as Klobuchar model, global ionosphere models, and vertical TEC maps are compared with the locally derived ionosphere error following the ion density and frequency dependence with delay error. Finally, the positional accuracy of the single and dual-frequency GPS point positioning solutions are probed through different ionospheric mitigation methods including exploitation of models, maps, and ionosphere-free linear combinations and removal of higher order ionospheric effects. The results suggest the superiority of global ionosphere maps for single-frequency solution, whereas for the dual-frequency measurement the ionosphere-free linear combination with prior removal of higher-order ionosphere effects from global ionosphere maps and geomagnetic reference fields resulted in improved positioning quality among the chosen mitigation techniques. Conspicuously, the susceptibility of height component to different ionospheric mitigation methods are demonstrated in this study which may assist the users in selecting appropriate technique for precise GPS positioning measurements.
Lohnbedingter Mismatch auf deutschen Arbeitsmärkten? Lehren aus einem Vergleich mit Portugal / Wage-Induced Mismatch on German Labour Markets? Lessons from Comparison with Portugal
Authors: Entorf Horst 
Published: September 2016

Zusammenfassung
Die Analyse von Paneldaten für Deutschland und Portugal und die Schätzung von Matching- Funktionen für Berufsgruppen zeigt in Deutschland eine fallende und in Portugal eine steigende Effizienz des Matching-Prozesses. Löhne in Deutschland und Mindestlöhne in Portugal sind signifikante Faktoren für die jeweilige Entwicklung. Berechnungen ergeben, daß in (West-) Deutschland im Zeitraum 1971 bis 1995 eine Halbierung der Reallohnzuwächse zu einer Steigerung der Effizienz des Matching-Prozesses um ca. 40 % geführt hätte. Ferner stellt sich heraus, daß eine Beschleunigung der beruflichen Mobilität vom Produzierenden Gewerbe in Richtung Dienstleistungsbereich die Effizienz des Matchings erhöhen würde.
Betriebliche Weiterbildung, Mobilität und Beschäftigungsdynamik / On the Job Training, Mobility and Employment Dynamics
Authors: Hübler Olaf , König Anja 
Published: September 2016

Zusammenfassung
Untersucht wird, ob betriebliche Weiterbildung die Mobilitätsneigung der Beschäftigten eher verstärkt oder reduziert, ob es Unterschiede in der Weiterbildung bei verschiedenen Beschäftigtengruppen gibt und ob externe Effekte auftreten, also auch diejenigen Arbeitskräfte, die an keiner Weiterbildungsmaßnahme beteiligt sind, in ihrem Mobilitätsverhalten beeinflußt werden. Die Analyse wird anhand von verallgemeinerten additiven Modellen mit Hilfe nichtparametrischer Verfahren zur Bestimmung unspezifizierter nichtlinearer Effekte durchgeführt. Die Datengrundlage bilden sowohl Individualdaten (SOEP) als auch Betriebsdaten (Hannoveraner Firmenpanel). An Hauptergebnissen ist festzuhalten: Sowohl die Individual- als auch die Betriebsdaten zeigen, daß die Mobilitätsneigung durch betriebliche Weiterbildung im allgemeinen gesenkt wird. Dies gilt im besonderen Maße für gut ausgebildete Arbeitskräfte. Schlecht vorgebildete Beschäftigte haben kurzfristig nur eine Chance, ihre Erwerbssituation durch selbstfinanzierte Fortbildung zu verbessern, wenn sie nach der Maßnahme den Arbeitgeber wechseln. Betriebe verbinden Weiterbildungsmaßnahmen häufig mit einem Austausch der Belegschaft. Ziel könnte sein, das allgemeine Qualifikationsniveau im Betrieb anzuheben.
Beschäftigung für Arbeitskräfte mit geringer Produktivität / Employment of Workers with Low Productivity
Authors: Paqué Karl-Heinz 
Published: September 2016

Zusammenfassung
In Deutschland gibt es relativ wenig Beschäftigungsverhältnisse zu niedrigen Löhnen. Der Beitrag untersucht, welche Regeln der deutschen Sozial- und Arbeitslosenhilfe dafür verantwortlich sind und wie dies geändert werden könnte, um Erwerbspersonen mit niedriger Produktivität in den Arbeitsmarkt wieder einzugliedern. Es wird ein Vorschlag zur Reform des Sozialstaats präsentiert und diskutiert. Kern des Vorschlags sind (i) die Subventionierung von Beschäftigung zu Niedriglöhnen, um einen funktionsfähigen Markt für Arbeitskräfte mit niedriger Produktivität zu schaffen und (ii) die konsequente Umorientierung der zuständigen Sozialbehörden - von personeller Ausstattung bis zu Betreuung und Kontrolle - auf die Wiedereingliederung von Hilfsempfängern in den Arbeitsmarkt.
Nonlinear Error Correction Modeling in German Interest Rates / Ein nichtlineares Fehlerkorrekturmodell für die deutsche Zinsstruktur
Authors: Brannolte Cord , Hansen Gerd , Kim Jeong-Ryeol 
Published: September 2016

Summary
Nonlinear dynamics in the term structure of German interest rates resulting from heterogenous transaction costs in the money market are analysed by means of the smooth transition technique introduced by Granger and Teräsvirta (1993). Tests for linearity, specific functional forms and outliers are performed. Evidence is found indicating that the term structure is somewhat better described as a nonlinear cointegrated model instead of a linear one.
On the Impact of Import Quotas on a Quantity-Fixing Cartel in a Two-Country-Setting / Der Einfluß von Importquoten auf die Stabilität eines Mengenkartells – Eine Analyse im Rahmen eines Zwei-Länder-Modells
Authors: Matschke Xenia 
Published: September 2016

Summary
In a static supergame context, a model is presented in which a foreign and a domestic firm form a cartel for selling a homogeneous good. In order to maximize joint cartel profit, the two firms have agreed to restrict sales to their own home market. Due to transfer costs, this market split paretodominates other cartel solutions. Side payments are assumed to be feasible. The introduction of an import quota may affect cartel stability as measured by a so-called critical interest rate. The two-country setting and the feasibility of side payments lead to results very different from previous findings that mild import regulations foster cartelization whereas severe restrictions destabilize quantity-setting cartels.
Erfordert die Europäische Währungsunion die Koordination der aktiven Arbeitsmarktpolitik in den Mitgliedsländern? / Does the EMU necessitate the Co-ordination of Active Labour Market Policy in the Member Countries?
Authors: Jochem Axel 
Published: September 2016

Zusammenfassung
Durch den Vertrag von Amsterdam vom 2. Oktober 1997 wurde der acquis communautaire der Europäischen Union um ein Kapitel zur gemeinsamen Beschäftigungspolitik erweitert. Ihr Schwerpunkt liegt in der aktiven Arbeitsmarktpolitik. Die vorliegende Arbeit geht der Frage nach, inwieweit der Einsatz aktiver Arbeitsmarktpolitik Probleme aufwirft, die nur innerhalb einer Währungsunion auftreten (oder durch diese erheblich verstärkt werden) und eine Koordination auf europäischer Ebene notwendig machen. Tatsächlich erschwert der sogenannte Stabilitätspakt die Finanzierung arbeitsmarktpolitischer Maßnahmen. Da gleichzeitig der nominale Wechselkurs als Anpassungsinstrument zwischen den Mitgliedsstaaten der Währungsunion entfällt, tritt ein verschärfter Steuerwettbewerb auf, der ein suboptimales Angebot aktiver Arbeitsmarktpolitik zur Folge hat und durch finanzielle Koordination vermieden werden kann. Die von einigen Politikern beabsichtigte Einbindung der Europäischen Zentralbank in die beschäftigungspolitische Verantwortung birgt allerdings die Gefahr eines exzessiven Einsatzes arbeitsmarktpolitischer Maßnahmen, der bei zunehmender Globalisierung zu einem schwerwiegenden Standortnachteil gegenüber dem Rest der Welt führt und letztlich höhere soziale Kosten verursacht als ein vollständiger Verzicht auf beschäftigungspolitische Kooperation.
Structure vs. use in heritage language
Authors: Polinsky Maria 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis paper provides an overview of the phenomenon of heritage language and offers evidence in support of representational differences between (baseline) native grammars and heritage grammars, arguing that such differences that cannot be reduced entirely to the effects of processing constraints or memory limitations. Data from heritage Spanish number/gender agreement and from Russian ellipsis indicate that baseline native grammars and heritage grammars may have a fundamentally different organization of certain categories.
One step paired electrochemical synthesis of iron and iron oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Ordoukhanian Juliet , Karami Hassan , Nezhadali Azizollah 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn this study, a new one step paired electrochemical method is developed for simultaneous synthesis of iron and iron oxide nanoparticles. iron and iron oxide are prepared as cathodic and anodic products from iron (ii) sulfate aqueous solution in a membrane divided electrolytic cell by the pulsed current electrosynthesis. Because of organic solvent-free and electrochemical nature of the synthesis, the process could be considered as green and environmentally friendly. The reduction of energy consumption and low cost are the other significant advantages of this new method that would have a great application potential in the chemical industry. The nanostructure of prepared samples was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The magnetic properties were studied by vibrating sample magnetometer (VsM).
A Journey Beyond Reality: Poetic Prose and Lush Imagery in Tanith Lee’s Night’s Master
Authors: Vinczeová Barbora 
Published: September 2016

AbstractTanith Lee was a “highly decorated writer” (Chappell 1) whose work ranged from science-fiction, through fantasy and children’s literature to contemporary and detective novels. Although she published more than ninety novels and three hundred short stories, her audience has diminished through the years, affecting also the academic interest in her works. The aims of this article are to provide a literary analysis of one of her most famous novels, Night’s Master, and answer the question of why readers describe her prose as “lush” and “poetic”; and also interpret the recurring symbolism and themes of beauty, sexuality and metamorphosis in the work. This article also highlights the similarities between the novel and fairy tales in regard of numeric symbolism and morals.
Magical Realism in Neil Gaiman’s Coraline
Authors: Hosseinpour Saeede , Department of English Language and Literature, Semnan Univer Nahid Shahbazi 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Magical realism, as a narrative mode or genre in adults’ literature, has been in vogue since its revivifying with the publication of Gabriel Garcia Marquez’s One Hundred Years of Solitude (1967). However, the depiction of the genre in children’s and juvenile literature is a new trend; the presence of its elements have been traced and proved feasibly applicable in the interpretation of recent children’s fiction such as David Almond’s Skelling (1998). In this regard, the main concern of the present article is to sift the characteristic features of magical realism within Neil Gaiman’s Coraline (2002) through the application of Wendy B. Faris’s theoretical framework of the genre therewith Tzvetan Todorov’s definition of the fantastic in order to introduce the novel as an exemplar of magical realism in the domain of children’s literature.
Ethnicity and Social Critique in Tony Hilleman’s Crime Fiction
Authors: Bubíková Šárka 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
American mystery writer Tony Hillerman (1925-2008) achieved wide readership both within the United States and abroad, and, significantly, within the US both among white Americans and Native Americans. This article discusses Hillerman’s detective fiction firstly within the tradition of the genre and then focuses on particular themes and literary means the writer employs in order to disseminate knowledge about the Southwestern nations (tribes) among his readers using the framework of mystery (crime) fiction. Hillerman’s two literary detectives Lieutenant Joe Leaphorn and Sergeant Jim Chee, both of the Navajo Tribal Police, are analyzed and contrasted with female characters. Finally, the article analyzes the ways in which Hillerman makes the detectives’ intimate knowledge of the traditions, beliefs and rituals of the southwestern tribes and of the rough beauty of the landscape central to the novels’ plots, and how he presents cultural information.
Cross-Cultural Variation in the Use of Hedges and Boosters in Academic Discourse
Authors: Dontcheva-Navratilova Olga 
Published: September 2016

AbstractHedges and boosters are important metadiscoursal devices contributing to the construal of persuasion in academic discourse as they enable academic writers to distinguish facts from opinions, evaluate the views of others and convey a different degree of commitment to their assertions (cf. Hyland 1998a, Hyland 2004, 2005). This study explores cross-cultural variation in the use of lexical hedges and boosters in the academic discourse of non-native writers. The study is carried out on a specialized corpus of linguistics research articles published in the international journal Applied Linguistics and the national Czech English-medium journal Discourse and Interaction. The main purpose of the cross-cultural investigation is to analyze variation in the rate, distribution and choice of hedges and boosters across the rhetorical structure of research articles in order to shed light on ways in which Anglophone and Czech writers express different degrees of commitment in their assertions when striving to persuade their target readership to accept their views and claims.
Functions of Expressions of Futurality in Professional Economic Texts
Authors: Mikuláš Martin 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The aim of this corpus-based study is to identify the functions that selected expressions of futurality can express in professional economic texts. The classification of functions is established on the corpus of seven economic books. Excerpted instances of futural constructions are analysed with respect to textual and interpersonal functions as defined by Halliday. Futurality is interpreted broadly to include all lexical and grammatical means referring to the future. This approach makes it also possible to analyse futurality as a means of text coherence. Hence the core grammatical means are interpreted along with co-occurring lexical means under the two categories of functions to provide a comprehensive model of text coherence with regard to futurality. Frequency analysis shows that core futural expressions are not distributed equally throughout the corpus. While some expressions (e.g., will and the present simple tense) dominate, others prove to be rather insignificant (e.g., be on the point/verge of, the present progressive tense). In addition, both lexical and grammatical constructions regularly co-occur in clusters, contributing to the coherence of the economic texts.
Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of no-carrier-added 2-(3-(4-(4-[18F]fluorobenzyl)piperazin-1-yl)propyl)benzo[d]thiazole, a potential dopamine D4 receptor radioligand
Authors: Gu-Cai Li , Ru Zhang , Jiao-yun Xia 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The dopamine D4 receptor has been shown to play important roles in some central nervous system pathologies. Specific radioligands for the D4 receptor may be useful to understand the function of the D4 receptor and its correlations with various disorders. 2-(3-(4-(4-[18F]Fluorobenzyl)piperazin-1-yl)propyl)benzo[d]thiazole ([18F]4) was synthesized through a one-pot two-step procedure with total yield 18.6% (decay corrected). The specific activity of the radioligand was 112 GBq/μmol and its radiochemical purity was >95.0%. Its affinity and selectivity for dopamine D2-like receptors were measured through in vitro receptor binding evaluation and the K
i value for the D4 receptor was determined to be 2.9±0.2 nM, and its selectivity for the dopamine D4 receptor is 709-fold versus D2long receptor, 823-fold versus D3 receptor. The partition coefficient (Log D) of it was determined to be 2.6±0.1 through octanol-water partition experiment. The ligand presents desirable combination of lipophilicity, affinity and selectivity for the dopamine D4 receptor. The results suggested that the radioligand shows promises for the in vivo study of the dopamine D4 receptor.
Functional fitness and body composition of active older women in different age categories
Authors: Ogonowska-Słodownik Anna , Bober Eliza Maria , Molik Bartosz 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Introduction: Physical activity is one of the basic elements that affect functional performance and body composition. The age may result in adverse changes in these parameters. The study aimed to compare the functional fitness and body composition in physically active women over 60 years old in different age groups and determine the relationship between those two components.
Material and methods: The study participants attended gymnastic classes at the University of Third Age of Warsaw University of Technology. A total of 39 women were examined in three age categories - 60-64 years (13 women), 65-69 years (13 women), 70-74 years (13 women). The study used the Senior Fitness Test (SFT) to assess functional fitness. Body composition was tested using a device Tanita BC 420.
Results: Statistical analysis showed no statistically significant (p≤0.05) differences in functional fitness and body composition between women of different age groups. A statistically significant negative correlation was found for Back Scratch test with BMI and percentage of body fat and a positive with muscle mass. Additionally, 8-ft up-and-go test positively correlated with BMI and percentage of body fat and negatively with muscle mass.
Conclusions: Regular physical activity allows to maintain the level of functional fitness in older women. Element requiring additional commitment are flexibility exercises. The study confirmed the relationship between body composition and functional fitness of older women.
A unified formulation for free vibration of functionally graded plates
Authors: Malekzadeh Parviz , Shojaee Mohammad 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
A simple, accurate, and unified formulation for the free vibration analysis of functionally graded (FG) plates is introduced. New four-variable first-order and higher-order shear deformation theories together with the classical FG plate theory can be easily achieved. The only assumption is that the transverse displacement consists of bending and shear components, and hence the theory has the potential to be used for modeling of the nonlinear FG plate problems. To validate the proposed formulation, the free vibration analysis of FG plates on two-parameter elastic foundation is conducted. The material properties vary continuously through the plate thickness. Analytical solutions for simply supported and approximate solutions for FG plates with arbitrary boundary conditions are extracted by extending the application of the conventional differential quadrature method as an accurate and efficient numerical tool. Comparison studies with existing two- and three-dimensional results available in open literature are performed. Excellent agreement between the results of the present formulation and the other theories is observed.