bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On Restricting Aspects in the Production of Nonmagnetic Cr‐Mn‐N‐alloyed Steels
Authors: Saller Gabriele , Bernauer Josef , Leitner Harald , Clemens Helmut 
Published: December 2016

Cr‐Mn steel grades with high nitrogen contents are becoming increasingly important in the field of austenitic stainless steels. Industrial production facilities allow to use two different strategies to reach a high nitrogen content. The first involves taking advantage of the pressurised‐electroslag remelting process, which is operated at elevated nitrogen partial pressure; the second consists of adding elements which increase the nitrogen solubility of the melt so that high nitrogen contents can be achieved at atmospheric pressure.This paper focuses on nitrogen solubility and austenite stability. These have been observed as important and in some cases restricting for the successful implementation and production of high alloyed Cr‐Mn austenitic steels. The precondition for a stable austenitic microstructure can be predicted with the help of equations using chromium and nickel equivalents. Different formulae were tested and their results compared to the microstructure of the alloys. The nitrogen solubility in the melt is particularly important for the steel grades cast under atmospheric conditions. It has been found feasible to produce steel grades up to 0.9 mass percent nitrogen at atmospheric pressure on an industrial scale. Several theoretical approaches for calculating the nitrogen solubility in the melt were tested for atmospheric conditions and compared to the chemical analyses of conventionally cast Cr‐Mn steel grades.
Numerical Study on Mould Powder Entrapment Caused by Vortexing in a Continuous Casting Process
Authors: Kastner Gebhard , Brandstätter Wilhelm , Kaufmann Bernhard , Wassermayr Christian , Javurek Mirko 
Published: December 2016

Unsteady three‐dimensional turbulent flow phenomena are seen to have a major impact on steel quality in the continuous casting process. Usually steel mould powder is placed on top of the mould in order to use it as a lubricant between the solidifying steel and the mould and to prevent heat losses from the molten steel. It is well known that mould powder entrapment into the molten steel lowers the quality of the final steel products significantly. This can be caused by a vortexing flow at the interface between mould powder and molten steel near the submerged entry nozzle (SEN).The paper describes a study which was performed to analyse if commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software is capable of predicting the transient build‐up of vertical structures in the casting mould. Two‐phase‐flow phenomena have been modelled by using the Volume Of Fluid (VOF) method. The influence of different turbulence models, mesh densities and initial as well as boundary conditions on the resulting flow field was investigated. Due to the size and complexity of the problems the simulations partially had to be performed in parallel mode on a Linux‐cluster computing environment.
Stainless Steels for Exhaust Lines
Authors: Chassagne Francis , Mithieux Jean‐Denis , Schmitt Jean‐Hubert 
Published: December 2016

Exhaust lines of cars have been strongly evolving during the last decade to meet the various requirements of the automotive industry and the new environment regulations. This development tends to favour stainless steel grades to replace cast iron for the exhaust manifold and aluminized low carbon steel for pipes and mufflers. Among the various stainless steel grades, the proportion of ferritic grade increases for the hot part of the exhaust system as its price is lower and more stable than austenitic or refractory grades, and as it exhibits a better resistance to cyclic oxidation.A large and rapid development of stainless ferritic grades has been based on Ti and Nb stabilization. Adding niobium presents many advantages for corrosion resistance, deep‐drawability, and mainly creep resistance at high temperature. The paper is focused on stainless steel with 14 wt% chromium, stabilized with Nb. Intermetallic precipitation is studied after a 100 h holding time at different temperatures (sag tests). It is shown that, depending on the test temperature and on the chemical composition of the steel, Fe2Nb or Fe2Nb3 intermetallic particles can precipitate, which affects the creep resistance: Fe2Nb3 being more stable at higher temperature. Some impacts on the alloy design dedicated to exhaust line application are presented as a conclusion of the study.
Application of UV/VIS‐Reflection Spectroscopy for Determination of the Oxidation State of Liquid Slags with High Fe3+‐Contents
Authors: Nowack Norbert , Zebger Ingo , Pfeifer Frank , Rheindorf Angela 
Published: December 2016

This work considers the reflectivity of liquid oxides (silicates and phosphates) in the ultraviolet and visible spectral range using a reflection angle of 0°. We have developed a spectroscopic reflection method (impulse‐flash‐technique) and have investigated CaO‐FeOn‐SiO2 and CaO‐FeOn‐P2O5 with Fe2O3‐contents above 32 mol‐% (FeO1.5) at a temperature of 1400°C applying oxygen partial pressures of po2 = 0.001 bar up to po2 = 0.21 bar.The increased reflectivity in the ultraviolet spectral range is based on the very intensive electron transfer (charge transfer bands, CT) from the oxide ion (bound to the respective matrix) to the Fe3+‐ion. The increased reflectivities in the visible spectral range are due to d‐d‐transitions in the Fe3+‐ion located in Fe3+‐O2− ‐complexes. This can be proven in the following way. The reflection bands in the visible range are much less pronounced than the CT‐bands in the UV range. In the slag melts, complexes with the coordination number 4, Fe3+(O2−)4, have been found predominantly.The relation between the redox state of liquid slags and their UV‐reflectance has been evaluated quantitatively. The basic investigations for recording the redox state of liquid silicates and phosphates during a running metallurgic process are part of this work. Liquid silicates and phosphates are the most important slag systems in this context.
Identification of Risk Pathways and Functional Modules for Coronary Artery Disease Based on Genome-Wide SNP Data
Authors: Zhao Xiang , Luan Yi-Zhao , Zuo Xiaoyu , Chen Ye-Da , Qin Jiheng , Jin Lv , Tan Yiqing , Lin Meihua , Zhang Naizun , Liang Yan , Rao Shao-Qi 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a complex human disease, involving multiple genes and their nonlinear interactions, which often act in a modular fashion. Genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) profiling provides an effective technique to unravel these underlying genetic interplays or their functional involvements for CAD. This study aimed to identify the susceptible pathways and modules for CAD based on SNP omics. First, the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium (WTCCC) SNP datasets of CAD and control samples were used to assess the joint effect of multiple genetic variants at the pathway level, using logistic kernel machine regression model. Then, an expanded genetic network was constructed by integrating statistical gene–gene interactions involved in these susceptible pathways with their protein–protein interaction (PPI) knowledge. Finally, risk functional modules were identified by decomposition of the network. Of 276 KEGG pathways analyzed, 6 pathways were found to have a significant effect on CAD. Other than glycerolipid metabolism, glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, and cardiac muscle contraction pathways, three pathways related to other diseases were also revealed, including Alzheimer’s disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and Huntington’s disease. A genetic epistatic network of 95 genes was further constructed using the abovementioned integrative approach. Of 10 functional modules derived from the network, 6 have been annotated to phospholipase C activity and cell adhesion molecule binding, which also have known functional involvement in Alzheimer’s disease. These findings indicate an overlap of the underlying molecular mechanisms between CAD and Alzheimer’s disease, thus providing new insights into the molecular basis for CAD and its molecular relationships with other diseases.
Biological Databases for Hematology Research
Authors: Zhang Qian , Ding Nan , Zhang Lu , Zhao Xuetong , Yang Yadong , Qu Hongzhu , Fang Xiangdong 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
With the advances of genome-wide sequencing technologies and bioinformatics approaches, a large number of datasets of normal and malignant erythropoiesis have been generated and made public to researchers around the world. Collection and integration of these datasets greatly facilitate basic research and clinical diagnosis and treatment of blood disorders. Here we provide a brief introduction of the most popular omics data resources of normal and malignant hematopoiesis, including some integrated web tools, to help users get better equipped to perform common analyses. We hope this review will promote the awareness and facilitate the usage of public database resources in the hematology research.
Maternal administration of magnesium sulfate promotes cell proliferation in hippocampus dentate gyrus in offspring mice after exposing to prenatal stress
Authors: Xiang Xinli , Zhao Depeng , Gao Chonglan , Wang Kai , Zhou Qian , Kang Jiuhong , Duan Tao 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPrenatal stress (PS) inhibits cell proliferation in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG), which is related to hippocampal anatomy and function abnormality. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) on PS‐induced cell proliferation suppression in offspring during embryonic stage and postnatal spatial learning. MgSO4 administration was performed after PS treatment on pregnant mice. Mice were randomly divided into four groups: non‐PS or PS maternal mice injected with MgSO4 or saline (P + NS, P + MG, C + MG and C + NS group). Corticosterone was collected from amniotic fluid of mother mice on day 17 of embryonic stage (E17). The ability for spatial learning and memory of pups postnatal 3 week was evaluated using water maze assay. Additionally, cell proliferation was detected by assessing the expression of Ki67 using immunohistochemistry in mice fetuses or pups. PS significantly increased corticosterone level in amniotic fluid (P < 0.05) and impaired the spatial learning and memory (P + NS vs C + NS of latency time and track path length: P < 0.05) of offspring on postnatal day 21. However, MgSO4 administration could reverse PS‐induced spatial learning and memory disability (P + MG vs P + NS, P < 0.05). Additionally, PS reduced the number of Ki67‐positive cell in hippocampal DG on E17, E19 and postnatal day 21 (P + NS vs C + NS, P < 0.05), which were also abrogated by maternal administration of MgSO4 (P + MG vs P + NS, P < 0.05). Collectively, prenatal administration of MgSO4 can reverse PS‐induced reduction of cell proliferation in hippocampal DG during embryonic stage and postnatal spatial learning.
Accelerating ions with high-energy short laser pulses from submicrometer thick targets
Authors: Wagner F. , Brabetz C. , Deppert O. , Roth M. , Stöhlker T. , Tauschwitz An. , Tebartz A. , Zielbauer B. , Bagnoud V. 
Published: December 2016

Using the example of the PHELIX high-energy short pulse laser we discuss the technical preconditions to investigate ion acceleration with submicrometer thick targets. We show how the temporal contrast of this system was improved to prevent pre-ionization of such targets on the nanosecond timescale. Furthermore the influence of typical fluctuations or uncertainties of the on-target intensity on ion acceleration experiments is discussed. We report how these uncertainties were reduced by improving the assessment and control of the on-shot intensity and by optimizing the positioning of the target into the focal plane. Finally we report on experimental results showing maximum proton energies in excess of 85 MeV for ion acceleration via the target normal sheath acceleration mechanism using target thicknesses on the order of one micrometer.
Stakeholder perceptions of legal trade in rhinoceros horn and implications for private reserve management in the Eastern Cape, South Africa
Authors: Wright Oliver Thomas , Cundill Georgina , Biggs Duan 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe proposed legalization of international trade in rhinoceros horn is a hotly debated topic. South Africa is home to a large proportion of Africa's blackDiceros bicornisand white rhinocerosesCeratotherium simumpopulations. Private owners are custodians of c. 25% of the country's rhinoceroses, and the introduction of legal trade in horn harvested from live rhinoceroses may therefore have significant implications for the private conservation industry. This study explores perceptions of legal trade in rhinoceros horn, and its potential implications for reserve management, among rhinoceros owners and conservation practitioners from private game reserves in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Twenty-five semi-structured interviews were conducted with key informants from 17 private game reserves (c. 37% of the total number of reserves with rhinoceroses). Whereas rhinoceros owners were mostly in favour of trade, opinion among non-owners was more nuanced. Owners expressed more interest in trading in live rhinoceroses, and stockpiled horn from natural mortalities, than in sustainably harvesting rhinoceros horn for trade. Informants therefore predicted that they would not change their practices significantly if the trade were legalized. However, most informants had little confidence that CITES would lift the trade ban. The perspectives of private reserve owners and managers should be taken into account in South African and international policy discussions relating to the legal trade in rhinoceros horn.
Detection and molecular identification of Hepatozoon canis and Babesia vogeli from domestic dogs in Palestine
Authors: AZMI KIFAYA , AL-JAWABREH AMER , NASEREDDIN ABEDELMAJEED , ABDELKADER AHMAD , ZAID TAHER , EREQAT SUHEIR , SAWALHA SAMER S. , BANETH GAD , ABDEEN ZIAD 
Published: December 2016

SUMMARYDogs serve as hosts for a great number of parasites, which may affect their health and wellbeing. This study aimed to observe tick borne pathogens in dogs from Palestine including Hepatozoon canis and Babesia species. The prevalence of both H. canis and Babesia species infections in apparently healthy dogs, from ten districts of the West Bank was surveyed. DNA was extracted from blood samples obtained from dogs (n = 362) and ticks (n = 213) collected from dogs (n = 77). A primer set that amplifies a partial sequence of the Babesia and Hepatozoon 18S rRNA gene was used for PCR and the DNA sequences of the PCR products of all samples were determined. Twenty-nine (8·0%) of the dogs were found infected including 20 with H. canis (5·5%), seven with Babesia vogeli (1·9%) and two with undefined Babesia spp. (0·6%). Twelve Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l ticks were pathogen-positive, including ten with H. canis (4·7%), one with B. vogeli (0·5%), and one with Hepatozoon felis (0·5%). The results indicated that a wide range of tick borne pathogens is circulating in the canine population in the surveyed region. This study is the first report on the prevalence of H. canis, B. vogeli and Babesia spp. in dogs in Palestine and its results will assist in the management of diseases associated with these blood parasites.
Hepatozoon silvestris sp. nov.: morphological and molecular characterization of a new species of Hepatozoon (Adeleorina: Hepatozoidae) from the European wild cat (Felis silvestris silvestris)
Authors: HODŽIĆ ADNAN , ALIĆ AMER , PRAŠOVIĆ SENAD , OTRANTO DOMENICO , BANETH GAD , DUSCHER GEORG GERHARD 
Published: December 2016

SUMMARYBased on morphological and genetic characteristics, we describe a new species of Hepatozoon in the European wild cat (Felis silvestris silvestris), herein named Hepatozoon silvestris sp. nov. The study also provides the first data on the occurrence of H. felis in this wild felid. Hepatozoon meronts were observed in multiple cross-sections of different organs of four (44%) cats. Additionally, extracellular forms, resembling mature gamonts of Hepatozoon, were found in the spleen and myocardium of two cats. Furthermore, tissues of six animals (67%) were positive by PCR. Hepatozoon felis was identified infecting one cat (11%), whereas the 18S rRNA sequences of the remaining five cats (56%) were identical, but distinct from the sequences of H. felis. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that those sequences form a highly supported clade distant from other Hepatozoon spp. Future studies should include domestic cats from the areas where the wild cats positive for H. silvestris sp. nov. were found, in order to investigate their potential role to serve as intermediate hosts of this newly described species. Identification of its definitive host(s) and experimental transmission studies are required for elucidating the full life cycle of this parasite and the possible alternative routes of its transmission.
An outbreak of oriental theileriosis in dairy cattle imported to Vietnam from Australia
Authors: GEBREKIDAN HAGOS , NELSON LINDA , SMITH GREG , GASSER ROBIN B. , JABBAR ABDUL 
Published: December 2016

SUMMARYThis study reports an outbreak of oriental theileriosis in dairy cattle imported to Vietnam from Australia. Following clinical and pathological diagnoses, a total of 112 cattle blood samples were divided into three groups and tested using multiplexed tandem PCR. Group 1 were from aborted heifers in Vietnam; group 2 were from cattle before shipment from group 1 cattle and group 3 were from the same batch of cattle but transported to Taiwan. Theileria orientalis DNA was detected in 72·3% cattle. The prevalences of T. orientalis in groups 1, 2 and 3 were 77·6, 86·9 and 57·5%, respectively, and the difference in prevalence was significant between groups 1 and 3 (P < 0·0001). The infection intensities of genotypes chitose and ikeda of T. orientalis were higher in groups 1 (57 721 and 33 709, respectively) and 3 (5897 and 61 766, respectively) than those in group 2 (2071 and 6331, respectively). Phylogenetic analyses of the major piroplasm surface protein sequences revealed that genotypes chitose and ikeda determined herein were closely related to those previously reported from Australia. This first report of an outbreak of oriental theileriosis in imported cattle emphasizes improved measures for the export and import of cattle infected with T. orientalis.
Metabolic dysregulation and late-life depression: a prospective study
Authors: Marijnissen R. M. , Vogelzangs N. , Mulder M. E. , van den Brink R. H. S. , Comijs H. C. , Oude Voshaar R. C. 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundDepression is associated with the metabolic syndrome (MS). We examined whether metabolic dysregulation predicted the 2-year course of clinical depression.MethodA total of 285 older persons (⩾60 years) suffering from depressive disorder according to DSM-IV-TR criteria was followed up for 2 years. Severity of depression was assessed with the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (IDS) at 6-month intervals. Metabolic syndrome was defined according the National Cholesterol Education Programme (NCEP-ATP III). We applied logistic regression and linear mixed models adjusted for age, sex, years of education, smoking, alcohol use, physical activity, somatic co-morbidity, cognitive functioning and drug use (antidepressants, anti-inflammatory drugs) and severity of depression at baseline.ResultsMS predicted non-remission at 2 years (odds ratioper component = 1.26, 95% confidence interval 1.00–1.58), p = 0.047), which was driven by the waist circumference and HDL cholesterol. MS was not associated with IDS sum score. Subsequent analyses on its subscales, however, identified an association with the somatic symptom subscale score over time (interaction time × somatic subscale, p = 0.005), driven by higher waist circumference and elevated fasting glucose level.ConclusionsMetabolic dysregulation predicts a poor course of late-life depression. This finding supports the concept of ‘metabolic depression’, recently proposed on population-based findings of a protracted course of depressive symptoms in the presence of metabolic dysregulation. Our findings seem to be driven by abdominal obesity (as indicated by the waist circumference) and HDL cholesterol dysregulation.
Active animal health surveillance in European Union Member States: gaps and opportunities
Authors: BISDORFF B. , SCHAUER B. , TAYLOR N. , RODRÍGUEZ-PRIETO V. , COMIN A. , BROUWER A. , DÓREA F. , DREWE J. , HOINVILLE L. , LINDBERG A. , MARTINEZ AVILÉS M. , MARTÍNEZ-LÓPEZ B. , PEYRE M. , PINTO FERREIRA J. , RUSHTON J. , VAN SCHAIK G. , STÄRK K. D. C. , STAUBACH C. , VICENTE-RUBIANO M. , WITTEVEEN G. , PFEIFFER D. , HÄSLER B. 
Published: December 2016

SUMMARYAnimal health surveillance enables the detection and control of animal diseases including zoonoses. Under the EU-FP7 project RISKSUR, a survey was conducted in 11 EU Member States and Switzerland to describe active surveillance components in 2011 managed by the public or private sector and identify gaps and opportunities. Information was collected about hazard, target population, geographical focus, legal obligation, management, surveillance design, risk-based sampling, and multi-hazard surveillance. Two countries were excluded due to incompleteness of data. Most of the 664 components targeted cattle (26·7%), pigs (17·5%) or poultry (16·0%). The most common surveillance objectives were demonstrating freedom from disease (43·8%) and case detection (26·8%). Over half of components applied risk-based sampling (57·1%), but mainly focused on a single population stratum (targeted risk-based) rather than differentiating between risk levels of different strata (stratified risk-based). About a third of components were multi-hazard (37·3%). Both risk-based sampling and multi-hazard surveillance were used more frequently in privately funded components. The study identified several gaps (e.g. lack of systematic documentation, inconsistent application of terminology) and opportunities (e.g. stratified risk-based sampling). The greater flexibility provided by the new EU Animal Health Law means that systematic evaluation of surveillance alternatives will be required to optimize cost-effectiveness.
Early detection of West Nile virus in France: quantitative assessment of syndromic surveillance system using nervous signs in horses
Authors: FAVERJON C. , VIAL F. , ANDERSSON M. G. , LECOLLINET S. , LEBLOND A. 
Published: December 2016

SUMMARYWest Nile virus (WNV) is a growing public health concern in Europe and there is a need to develop more efficient early detection systems. Nervous signs in horses are considered to be an early indicator of WNV and, using them in a syndromic surveillance system, might be relevant. In our study, we assessed whether or not data collected by the passive French surveillance system for the surveillance of equine diseases can be used routinely for the detection of WNV. We tested several pre-processing methods and detection algorithms based on regression. We evaluated system performances using simulated and authentic data and compared them to those of the surveillance system currently in place. Our results show that the current detection algorithm provided similar performances to those tested using simulated and real data. However, regression models can be easily and better adapted to surveillance objectives. The detection performances obtained were compatible with the early detection of WNV outbreaks in France (i.e. sensitivity 98%, specificity >94%, timeliness 2·5 weeks and around four false alarms per year) but further work is needed to determine the most suitable alarm threshold for WNV surveillance in France using cost-efficiency analysis.