bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water sorption hysteresis in wood: I review and experimental patterns – geometric characteristics of scanning curves
Authors: Shi Jingbo , Avramidis Stavros 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe origin of sorption hysteresis in the wood-water system is still under debate. In nanoporous-fluid systems, in general, hysteresis is explained as the manifestation of metastable states in a single pore-fluid system and that is further complicated by the pore connectivity. Cell walls are considered as micro-mesoporous materials and capillary condensation in the entire hygroscopic region is proposed as an alternative sorption mechanism. In the present work, the woods of Douglas-fir, aspen and western red cedar were in focus and the pore connectivity has been investigated by observing five experimentally generated hysteresis patterns comprised by up to 4thscanning curves at 25 and 40°C. Special attention was given to the congruency property from one pattern as it is known from the literature that deviation from this property can reveal the extent of pore connectivity. Consistent patterns were found for the species-temperature combinations. Further, the high extent of congruency property indicated the dominance of independent cell wall pores.
Computational Modeling and Analysis of Fluid Structure Interaction in Micromixers with Deformable Baffle
Authors: Madhumitha R. , Arunkumar S. , Karthikeyan K. K. , Krishnah S. , Ravichandran V. , Venkatesan M. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
A passive micromixer with obstacles in the form of deformable baffles is examined numerically. The model deploys an Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian framework with Fluid-structure interaction coupled with a diffusion–advection model. Numerical analysis is carried out in the Reynolds number [Re] range of 0.01≤Re≤300. The objective of the present study is to enhance mixing between two component flow streams in a microchannel encompassing a deformable baffle. In the present work, the baffle deforms only due to the dynamic force of fluids. No external forces are applied. To exemplify the effectiveness of the present design, water and a suspension of curcumin drug loaded nanoparticles are taken as two fluids. Mixing index based on the variance of the local concentration of the suspension is employed to appraise the mixing performance of the micromixer. The introduction of the deformable baffle in a micromixer proliferates the mixing performance with minimal pressure drop over the tested Reynolds number range.
Effect of Heat Processing and Ultrasonication Treatment on Custard Apple Peroxidase Activity and Vitamin C
Authors: Dabir Mugdha P. , Ananthanarayan L. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract:
Peroxidase isolated from custard apple (Annona squamosa L.) being a heat stable enzyme can be inactivated by heat processing and ultrasonication treatment as well. Heat processing took up to 22 min at 91 °C for complete inactivation of peroxidase. The ultrasonication treatment was performed at 40, 55, 70, 85 and 100 W ultrasonic power and was found to achieve complete inactivation at 85 W as well as at 100 W power within 5 min. The heat inactivation followed first-order reaction kinetics and the activation energy (E
a) calculated from Arrhenius plot was found to be 7.03 × 104 J/mol, which was near the reported range for peroxidases. Heat processing caused 52.7 % loss of vitamin C while achieving complete inactivation of peroxidase at 91 °C for 22 min, whereas ultrasonication caused 21.6 % vitamin C loss at 85 W power within 5 min. Ultrasonication was thus found to be efficient in retaining vitamin C while achieving complete enzyme inactivation.
Radiation induced environmental remediation of Cr(VI) heavy metal in aerated neutral solution under simulated industrial effluent
Authors: Djouider Fathi , Aljohani Mohammed S. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Cr(VI) compounds are major water contaminants in most industrial effluents, due to their carcinogenicity, while Cr(III) is an important element for human metabolism. In a previous work, we showed that Cr(VI) was radiolytically reduced to Cr(III) by the CO2ˉ• radical at pH 3 N2O-saturated solution in the presence of formate. Here in the present work, this removal was investigated by steady state irradiation and pulse radiolysis in aerated solution at neutral pH, which is close to natural conditions in most wastewaters, where the reducing agent is the superoxide radical anion O2ˉ•. The degradation of Cr(VI) increased linearly with the absorbed dose and was significantly enhanced by the added formate but not by the radiolitically produced hydrogen peroxide at this pH. The rate constant for this reduction was found to be 1.28×108 M−1 s−1 and the absorption spectrum of Cr(V) transient species was obtained. A partial recovery of Cr(VI) is observed over a period of ca. 5 ms following a second order kinetics with a rate constant 8.0×106 M−1 s−1. These outcomes suggest that gamma-irradiation of Cr(VI)-contaminated wastewaters and industrial effluents in presence of formate can be simple, effective and economical means for the remediation of this major contaminant.
The Semiotics of Nirvāṇa: Salvation in Buddhism
Authors: Hébert Louis 
Published: January 2017

RésuméD’abord, nous présenterons sommairement le schéma narratif canonique (SNC) de la sémiotique greimassienne. Ensuite, nous appliquerons le SNC à la description de la voie bouddhiste. Nous verrons que le salut pivote deux SNC principaux : l’un individuel, où un être atteint l’éveil ; l’autre collectif, et sans doute utopique, où tous les êtres ont atteint l’éveil (grâce à un être éveillé ou bouddha, qui est une condition nécessaire mais non suffisante pour l’éveil). Dans l’analyse, le bouddhisme est quelquefois comparé au christianisme.
Plastic Zone Size at Sharp Indentation Contact of Classical Elastic–Plastic Materials: Behavior at Linear Strain Hardening
Authors: Larsson P.-L. , Olsson E. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The present analysis concerns a finite-element study of sharp (cone) indentation of classical elastic–plastic materials with linear strain hardening and, especially, the details of the behavior of the size of the plastic zone are at issue. It is shown that the plastic zone size parameters are dependent on two parameters: the well-known Johnson parameter and the level of plastic hardening. This dependence includes both geometrical and material properties. The details of the influence from the hardening level have not been explicitly studied previously. The results are compared with previous findings for elastic–ideally plastic materials.
Brain Structure and Function Associated with Younger Adults in Growth Hormone Receptor-Deficient Humans
Authors: Nashiro Kaoru , Guevara-Aguirre Jaime , Braskie Meredith N. , Hafzalla George W. , Velasco Rico , Balasubramanian Priya , Wei Min , Thompson Paul M. , Mather Mara , Nelson Marvin D. , Guevara Alexandra , Teran Enrique , Longo Valter D. 
Published: January 2017

Growth hormone receptor deficiency (GHRD) results in short stature, enhanced insulin sensitivity, and low circulating levels of insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Previous studies in mice and humans suggested that GHRD has protective effects against age-related diseases, including cancer and diabetes. Whereas GHRD mice show improved age-dependent cognitive performance, the effect of GHRD on human cognition remains unknown. Using MRI, we compared brain structure, function, and connectivity between 13 people with GHRD and 12 unaffected relatives. We assessed differences in white matter microstructural integrity, hippocampal volume, subregional volumes, and cortical thickness and surface area of selected regions. We also evaluated brain activity at rest and during a hippocampal-dependent pattern separation task. The GHRD group had larger surface areas in several frontal and cingulate regions and showed trends toward larger dentate gyrus and CA1 regions of the hippocampus. They had lower mean diffusivity in the genu of the corpus callosum and the anterior thalamic tracts. The GHRD group showed enhanced cognitive performance and greater task-related activation in frontal, parietal, and hippocampal regions compared with controls. Furthermore, they had greater functional synchronicity of activity between the precuneus and the rest of the default mode network at rest. The results suggest that, compared with controls, GHRD subjects have brain structure and function that are more consistent with those observed in younger adults reported in previous studies. Further investigation may lead to improved understanding of underlying mechanisms and could contribute to the identification of treatments for age-related cognitive deficits.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPeople and mice with growth hormone receptor deficiency (GHRD or Laron syndrome) are protected against age-related diseases including cancer and diabetes. However, in humans, it is unknown whether cognitive function and brain structure are affected by GHRD. Using MRI, we examined cognition in an Ecuadorian population with GHRD and their unaffected relatives. The GHRD group showed better memory performance than their relatives. The differences in brain structure and function that we saw between the two groups were not consistent with variations typically associated with brain deficits. This study contributes to our understanding of the connection between growth genes and brain aging in humans and provides data indicating that GHR inhibition has the potential to protect against age-dependent cognitive decline.
Competing Preferent Community Prospecting Rights: A Nonchalant Custodian?
Authors: Olivier Nic , Williams Clara , Badenhorst Pieter 
Published: January 2017

Traditional communities that were precluded from the benefits and financial rewards of exploitation of the mineral resources of South Africa are afforded the opportunity to lodge an application with the Department of Mineral Resources (hereafter the department) to obtain a so-called preferent prospecting right (or mining right) in respect of land which is registered - or to be registered - in their name. An applicant on behalf of the community has to meet the requirements of section 104(2) of the Mineral and Petroleum Resources Development Act 28 of 2002 (hereafter the MPRDA). This in line with one of the objectives of the MPRDA of expanding the opportunities for historically disadvantaged persons, such as traditional communities, to enter into, and actively participate in, the mineral industry and to benefit from the exploitation of the nation's mineral resources (s 2(d)). The Minister of Mineral Resources ((hereafter the minister), in his/her capacity as the custodian of the mineral resources of South Africa on behalf of the people of South Africa (s 3(1)), is, amongst others, by implication tasked with achieving, these objectives. The same applies to the department and its officials. However, this was unfortunately not the experience of a traditional community, the Bengwenyama-Ya-Maswazi community (hereafter the BYM community), who had to battle through two rounds of litigation with the minister, the department and persons and entities which promoted their own interests whilst attempting to convey the (false) impression that they were representing the community.
The subject of this discussion is the second round of litigation between the Bengwenyama-Ya-Maswazi Tribal Council and Genorah. The second round of litigation involved competing applications for preferent community prospecting rights in two related appeals heard together by the Supreme Court of Appeal (hereafter the SCA). The first appeal concerned preferent community prospecting rights on the farm Nooitverwacht (hereafter the Nooitverwacht appeal) and the second appeal involved preferent community prospecting rights on the farm Eerstegeluk (hereafter the Eerstegeluk appeal). The focus of the discussion is on the Nooitverwacht appeal, and references (where appropriate) will be made to the Eerstegeluk appeal. A number of related issues are also discussed – these include the distinction between prospecting rights and preferent community prospecting rights; the meaning of "... land which is registered or to be registered in the name of the community concerned" (with reference to restitution land, redistribution land, and community land acquired from own resources); and the changing legal landscape relating to community decision-making and consultation.
The Exclusion of Liability for Emotional Harm to Passengers in the Warsaw and Montréal Convention: moving away from Floyd, Siddhu and Pienaar, the Stott Case?
Authors: De Gama Rafia 
Published: January 2017

This contribution focuses on the transport of passengers on international routes and the legal regime set down by the Warsaw Convention of 1929 and reinforced by the Montréal Convention of 1999. These Conventions regulate commercial aviation by detailing a set of minimum standardised procedures for flight safety, such as standards for air navigation systems, amongst others, to ensure safe and efficient air travel.
The legal regime also regulates the possible claims that may be made against airlines for the death of or harm to passengers, as well as relating to damage to and loss of baggage. The regime not only limits claims temporally and by location, but it also excludes the application of national legal regimes. With regard to claims of harm to dignity the regime disallows such claims to be brought within the restrictions placed by the legal regimes or on any other basis.
The contribution does not address the full coverage of these Conventions, only the exclusion of mental / emotional injuries. The Convention excludes emotional harm from the definition of death and physical harm. However claimants have brought claims to undermine the main exclusion of claims with regard to compensation for emotional harm. This contribution explores the exclusion of claims in the Warsaw and Montréal Conventions and thereafter analyses two court decisions in common law countries where this exclusion of claims was challenged and the challenge failed.
Avaliação da atividade angiogênica da solução aquosa da Tabebuia impetiginosa (Ipê-roxo)
Authors: De Moraes Paulo Sávio Paim , Carvalho Carolyna De Sousa , Chaves Dwight Assis , Sousa Maria Alice Montes de , Lemes Susy Ricardo , De Araújo Lilhian Alves , Mrué Fátima , De Melo-Reis Paulo Roberto 
Published: January 2017

Resumo: A Tabebuia impetiginosa é uma planta conhecida popularmente como ipê-roxo, encontrada na América do Sul e Central e amplamente distribuída no cerrado brasileiro. A casca da planta apresenta componentes químicos que possuem ação anti-inflamatória, antitumoral, antibacteriana e antifúngica, podendo ser utilizada no tratamento de diversas enfermidades. Com base no potencial terapêutico que os componentes químicos extraídos da casca da planta podem
oferecer, o presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a atividade angiogênica da Tabebuia impetiginosa (Ipê-roxo). A possível
atividade angiogênica da planta foi avaliada pelo ensaio da membrana corio-alantoide (MCA) de ovos embrionados de galinha. O experimento evidenciou um aumento da rede vascular (p
RASCUNHOS DE UMA GENEALOGIA DA INTIMIDADE: UM SOBREVOO PELA HISTÓRIA
Authors: Vieira da Silva Francisco 
Published: January 2017

Este ensaio discute as condições de possibilidade que fazem com que a intimidade seja concebida como uma construção histórico-cultural. Nesse intento, pensamos com Foucault (2008), para quem é necessário deduzir as contingências que nos levaram a ser o que somos nós hoje. Assim, para entendermos minimamente o que estamos nos tornando, é premente lançarmos um olhar retroativo sobre os discursos, práticas e técnicas que nos precedem e, numa relação de devir histórico, nos constitui.
Palavras-chave: Discurso. História. Intimidade. Sujeito. Visibilidade.
ESTUDO DE CASO: A COMUNICAÇÃO NO SISTEMA DE BIBLIOTECAS DA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE GOIÁS
Authors: Silva Rose Mendes da , Nogueira Maria Francisca Magalhães 
Published: January 2017

RESUMO: pesquisa concluída no mestrado em Comunicação na Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), linha de Mídia e
Cultura. O objetivo principal foi o de refletir sobre o modelo de comunicação do Sibi/UFG a partir da observação
da Biblioteca Central como parâmetro e representação do todo. Assim, o objeto teórico foi a comunicação
do Sibi/UFG e o objeto empírico a Biblioteca Central – uma das nove unidades que compõem o sistema.
Utilizou-se o estudo de caso como método e fez-se uso do diário de campo, das pesquisas documental e institucional
e de entrevistas com questionários estruturados para a pesquisa empírica, a qual foi realizada com
dois grupos: colaboradores da Biblioteca Central e usuários desta biblioteca.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Comunicação. Comunicação organizacional. Cultura. Biblioteca.
„Moyggj skal verða við barn ... “ – nøkur orð um bíbliutýðingar og bíbliutulkingar / Some Words on Biblical Translation and Interpretation
Authors: Sølvará Hans Andrias 
Published: January 2017

This article is exploring a controversial subject in the history of biblical translations in accordance with modern historical and philological research. In the article a specific subject, the Emmanuel prophecy in Isaiah 7:14, used by Mathew 1:23 as a prophecy about the miraculous birth of Jesus, will be examined in accordance with modern international research and modern bible translations, and compared with the Faroese bible translations from 1949 and 1961. The main question in the article is, limited to this specific and controversial subject, to explore the boundaries between Christology, historical context and philology in the Faroese bibles. The conclusion is 1) that the historical context of Isaiah 7:14 is related to historical conditions in the prophets own time in 734 BC, 2) that neither of the Faroese bible translations are consistent in their use of Faroese words to translate even the same Hebrew or Greek terms, and that 3) the reasons for the choice of Faroese words are Christological rather than philological, when philological demands, textual or historical context and historical research contradict important Christological interpretations. The comparison with other modern bible translations shows that this is not a specific Faroese problem or dilemma. These translations are, if not simply wrong, created to justify Christian interpretations of scripture.
Legal and Ethical Imperatives for Using Certified Sign Language Interpreters in Health Care Settings: How to “Do No Harm” When “It’s (All) Greek” (Sign Language) to You
Authors: Nonaka Angela M. 
Published: January 2017

Communication obstacles in health care settings adversely impact patient–practitioner interactions by impeding service efficiency, reducing mutual trust and satisfaction, or even endangering health outcomes. When interlocutors are separated by language, interpreters are required. The efficacy of interpreting, however, is constrained not just by interpreters’ competence but also by health care providers’ facility working with interpreters. Deaf individuals whose preferred form of communication is a signed language often encounter communicative barriers in health care settings. In those environments, signing Deaf people are entitled to equal communicative access via sign language interpreting services according to the Americans with Disabilities Act and Executive Order 13166, the Limited English Proficiency Initiative. Yet, litigation in states across the United States suggests that individual and institutional providers remain uncertain about their legal obligations to provide equal communicative access. This article discusses the legal and ethical imperatives for using professionally certified (vs. ad hoc) sign language interpreters in health care settings. First outlining the legal terrain governing provision of sign language interpreting services, the article then describes different types of “sign language” (e.g., American Sign Language vs. manually coded English) and different forms of “sign language interpreting” (e.g., interpretation vs. transliteration vs. translation; simultaneous vs. consecutive interpreting; individual vs. team interpreting). This is followed by reviews of the formal credentialing process and of specialized forms of sign language interpreting—that is, certified deaf interpreting, trilingual interpreting, and court interpreting. After discussing practical steps for contracting professional sign language interpreters and addressing ethical issues of confidentiality, this article concludes by offering suggestions for working more effectively with Deaf clients via professional sign language interpreters.
Advanced Practice Nurse Transitional Care Model Promotes Healing in Wound Care
Authors: Mackavey Carole 
Published: January 2017

Optimally, transition in health care should be seamless and incorporate a well-thought-out patient-centered discharge plan; yet, many hospitalized patients are unprepared for discharge, thereby compromising patient safety and quality of care. Transition of care should include a broad range of time-limited services designed to ensure health care continuity to avoid poor outcomes among at-risk populations. This case study demonstrates that advanced practice nurses (APNs) are in the perfect position to bridge the existing gap, reduce readmissions, and improve patient health. Transition from hospital to home is stressful under the best of circumstances. Naylor’s transition of care model and Meleis’s transition theory provides the foundation for APNs to manage patients’ wounds across the continuum of care. The patient is educated and guided through the convoluted health care system, resulting in decreased discontinuity and improved outcomes and safety.Conclusion: A smooth transition between levels of care requires collaboration and care coordination of medical services and health care providers. The result of this continuity is improved patient outcomes, improved patient satisfaction, and reduced medical errors. APNs as care coordinators have the ability to bridge the existing gap between hospitalization and home while preventing readmission.