bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
History, geography and host use shape genomewide patterns of genetic variation in the redheaded pine sawfly (Neodiprion lecontei)
Authors: Bagley Robin K. , Sousa Vitor C. , Niemiller Matthew L. , Linnen Catherine R. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractDivergent host use has long been suspected to drive population differentiation and speciation in plant‐feeding insects. Evaluating the contribution of divergent host use to genetic differentiation can be difficult, however, as dispersal limitation and population structure may also influence patterns of genetic variation. In this study, we use double‐digest restriction‐associated DNA (ddRAD) sequencing to test the hypothesis that divergent host use contributes to genetic differentiation among populations of the redheaded pine sawfly (Neodiprion lecontei), a widespread pest that uses multiple Pinus hosts throughout its range in eastern North America. Because this species has a broad range and specializes on host plants known to have migrated extensively during the Pleistocene, we first assess overall genetic structure using model‐based and model‐free clustering methods and identify three geographically distinct genetic clusters. Next, using a composite‐likelihood approach based on the site frequency spectrum and a novel strategy for maximizing the utility of linked RAD markers, we infer the population topology and date divergence to the Pleistocene. Based on existing knowledge of Pinus refugia, estimated demographic parameters and patterns of diversity among sawfly populations, we propose a Pleistocene divergence scenario for N. lecontei. Finally, using Mantel and partial Mantel tests, we identify a significant relationship between genetic distance and geography in all clusters, and between genetic distance and host use in two of three clusters. Overall, our results indicate that Pleistocene isolation, dispersal limitation and ecological divergence all contribute to genomewide differentiation in this species and support the hypothesis that host use is a common driver of population divergence in host‐specialized insects.
A decade of irrigation transforms the soil microbiome of a semi‐arid pine forest
Authors: Hartmann Martin , Brunner Ivano , Hagedorn Frank , Bardgett Richard D. , Stierli Beat , Herzog Claude , Chen Xiamei , Zingg Andreas , Graf‐Pannatier Elisabeth , Rigling Andreas , Frey Beat 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe impact of climate change on the soil microbiome potentially alters the biogeochemical cycle of terrestrial ecosystems. In semi‐arid environments, water availability is a major constraint on biogeochemical cycles due to the combination of high summer temperatures and low rainfall. Here, we explored how 10 years of irrigation of a water‐limited pine forest in the central European Alps altered the soil microbiome and associated ecosystem functioning. A decade of irrigation stimulated tree growth, resulting in higher crown cover, larger yearly increments of tree biomass, increased litter fall and greater root biomass. Greater amounts of plant‐derived inputs associated with increased primary production in the irrigated forest stands stimulated soil microbial activity coupled with pronounced shifts in the microbiome from largely oligotrophic to more copiotrophic lifestyles. Microbial groups benefitting from increased resource availabilities (litter, rhizodeposits) thrived under irrigation, leading to enhanced soil organic matter mineralization and carbon respired from irrigated soils. This unique long‐term study provides new insights into the impact of precipitation changes on the soil microbiome and associated ecosystem functioning in a water‐limited pine forest ecosystem and improves our understanding of the persistency of long‐term soil carbon stocks in a changing climate.
Genetic patterns across an invasion's history: a test of change versus stasis for the Eurasian round goby in North America
Authors: Snyder Matthew R. , Stepien Carol A. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBiological invasions comprise accidental evolutionary experiments, whose genetic compositions underlie relative success, spread and persistence in new habitats. However, little is known about whether, or how, their population genetic patterns change temporally and/or spatially across the invasion's history. Theory predicts that most would undergo founder effect, exhibit low genetic divergence across the new range and gain variation over time via new arriving propagules. To test these predictions, we analyse population genetic diversity and divergence patterns of the Eurasian round goby Neogobius melanostomus across the two decades of its North American invasion in the Laurentian Great Lakes, comparing results from 13 nuclear DNA microsatellite loci and mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b sequences. We test whether ‘genetic stasis’, ‘genetic replacement’ and/or ‘genetic supplement’ scenarios have occurred at the invasion's core and expansion sites, in comparison with its primary native source population in the Dnieper River, Black Sea. Results reveal pronounced genetic divergence across the exotic range, with population areas remaining genetically distinct and statistically consistent across two decades, supporting ‘genetic stasis’ and ‘founder takes most’. The original genotypes continue to predominate, whose high population growth likely outpaced the relative success of later arrivals. The original invasion core has stayed the most similar to the native source. Secondary expansion sites indicate slight allelic composition convergence towards the core population over time, attributable to some early ‘genetic supplementation’. The geographic and temporal coverage of this investigation offers a rare opportunity to discern population dynamics over time and space in context of invasion genetic theory vs. reality.
Sulfate‐reducing bacteria slow intestinal transit in a bismuth‐reversible fashion in mice
Authors: Ritz N. L. , Lin D. M. , Wilson M. R. , Barton L. L. , Lin H. C. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundHydrogen sulfide (H2S) serves as a mammalian cell‐derived gaseous neurotransmitter. The intestines are exposed to a second source of this gas by sulfate‐reducing bacteria (SRB). Bismuth subsalicylate binds H2S rendering it insoluble. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis thatSRBmay slow intestinal transit in a bismuth‐reversible fashion.MethodsEighty mice were randomized to five groups consisting of LiveSRB, KilledSRB,SRB+Bismuth, Bismuth, and Saline.Desulfovibrio vulgaris, a common strain ofSRB, was administered by gavage at the dose of 1.0 × 109cells along with rhodamine, a fluorescent dye. Intestinal transit was measured 50 minutes after gavage by euthanizing the animals, removing the small intestine between the pyloric sphincter and the ileocecal valve and visualizing the distribution of rhodamine across the intestine using an imaging system (IVIS, Perkin‐Elmer). Intestinal transit (n=50) was compared using geometric center (1=minimal movement, 100=maximal movement). H2S concentration (n=30) was also measured when small intestinal luminal content was allowed to generate this gas.Key ResultsThe LiveSRBgroup had slower intestinal transit as represented by a geometric center score of 40.2 ± 5.7 when compared to Saline: 73.6 ± 5.7, KilledSRB: 77.9 ± 6.9,SRB+Bismuth: 81.0 ± 2.0, and Bismuth: 73.3 ± 4.2 (P<.0001). Correspondingly, the LiveSRBgroup had the highest luminal H2S concentration of 4181.0 ± 968.0 ppb compared to 0 ± 0 ppb for theSRB+Bismuth group (P<.0001).Conclusions & InferencesLiveSRBslow intestinal transit in a bismuth‐reversible fashion in mice. Our results demonstrate that intestinal transit is slowed bySRBand this effect could be abolished by H2S‐binding bismuth.
Esophageal dysfunction in different stages of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Suttrup I. , Suttrup J. , Suntrup‐Krueger S. , Siemer M.‐L. , Bauer J. , Hamacher C. , Oelenberg S. , Domagk D. , Dziewas R. , Warnecke T. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundDysphagia is a clinically relevant symptom in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) leading to pronounced reduction in quality of life and other severe complications. Parkinson's disease‐related dysphagia may affect the oral and pharyngeal, as well as the esophageal phase of swallowing.MethodsTo examine the nature and extend of esophageal dysphagia in different stages of PD and their relation to oropharyngeal dysfunction, we examined 65 PD patients (mean age 66.3±9.7 years, mean disease duration 7.9±5.8 years, mean Hoehn & Yahr [H&Y] stage 2.89±0.91) and divided into three groups (early [H&Y I+II; n=21], intermediate [H&Y III; n=25], and advanced stadium [H&Y IV+V; n=19]), using esophageal high‐resolution manometry (HRM) to detect esophageal motor disorders. Oropharyngeal impairment was assessed using fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing.Key ResultsMajor esophageal motor disorders were detected in nearly one third of the PD patients. Minor impairment of the esophageal body was present in 95% of participants and throughout all disease stages with pathological findings especially in peristalsis and intrabolus pressure (IBP). The IBP was found to significantly increase in the advanced stadium. Although dysfunction of the upper and lower esophageal sphincters was observed in individual patients, alterations in these esophageal segments revealed no statistical significance compared with normative data. No clear association was found between the occurrence of oropharyngeal dysphagia and esophageal impairment.Conclusions & InferencesEsophageal body impairment in PD is a frequent phenomenon during all disease stages, which possibly reflects α‐synucleinopathy in the enteric nervous system.
Recent advances in regenerative medicine to treat enteric neuropathies: use of human cells
Authors: Stamp L. A. , Young H. M. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAs current options for treating most enteric neuropathies are either non‐effective or associated with significant ongoing problems, cell therapy is a potential attractive possibility to treat congenital and acquired neuropathies. Studies using animal models have shown that following transplantation of enteric neural progenitors into the bowel of recipients, the transplanted cells migrate, proliferate, and generate neurons that are electrically active and receive synaptic inputs. Recent studies have transplanted human enteric neural progenitors into the mouse colon and shown engraftment. In this article, we summarize the significance of these recent advances and discuss priorities for future research that might lead to the use of regenerative medicine to treat enteric neuropathies in the clinic.
Taste function assessed by electrogustometry in burning mouth syndrome: a case–control study
Authors: Braud A , Descroix V , Ungeheuer M‐N , Rougeot C , Boucher Y 
Published: December 2016

ObjectiveIdiopathic burning mouth syndrome (iBMS) is characterized by oral persistent pain without any clinical or biological abnormality. The aim of this study was to evaluate taste function in iBMS subjects and healthy controls.Material and MethodsElectrogustometric thresholds (EGMt) were recorded in 21 iBMS patients and 21 paired‐matched controls at nine loci of the tongue assessing fungiform and foliate gustatory papillae function. Comparison of EGMt was performed using the nonparametric Wilcoxon signed‐rank test. A correlation between EGMt and self‐perceived pain intensity assessed using a visual analogic scale (VAS) was analyzed with the Spearman coefficient. The level of significance was fixed at P < 0.05.ResultsMean EGMt were significantly increased with iBMS for right side of the dorsum of the tongue and right lateral side of the tongue (P < 0.05). In the iBMS group, VAS scores were significantly correlated to EGMt at the tip of the tongue (r = −0.59; P < 0.05) and at the right and left lateral sides of the tongue (respectively, r = −0.49 and r = −0.47; P < 0.05).ConclusionThese data depicted impaired taste sensitivity in iBMS patients within fungiform and foliate taste bud fields and support potent gustatory/nociceptive interaction in iBMS.
QTL‐seq approach identified genomic regions and diagnostic markers for rust and late leaf spot resistance in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors: Pandey Manish K. , Khan Aamir W. , Singh Vikas K. , Vishwakarma Manish K. , Shasidhar Yaduru , Kumar Vinay , Garg Vanika , Bhat Ramesh S. , Chitikineni Annapurna , Janila Pasupuleti , Guo Baozhu , Varshney Rajeev K. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryRust and late leaf spot (LLS) are the two major foliar fungal diseases in groundnut, and their co‐occurrence leads to significant yield loss in addition to the deterioration of fodder quality. To identify candidate genomic regions controlling resistance to rust and LLS, whole‐genome resequencing (WGRS)‐based approach referred as ‘QTL‐seq’ was deployed. A total of 231.67 Gb raw and 192.10 Gb of clean sequence data were generated through WGRS of resistant parent and the resistant and susceptible bulks for rust and LLS. Sequence analysis of bulks for rust and LLS with reference‐guided resistant parent assembly identified 3136 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for rust and 66 SNPs for LLS with the read depth of ≥7 in the identified genomic region on pseudomolecule A03. Detailed analysis identified 30 nonsynonymous SNPs affecting 25 candidate genes for rust resistance, while 14 intronic and three synonymous SNPs affecting nine candidate genes for LLS resistance. Subsequently, allele‐specific diagnostic markers were identified for three SNPs for rust resistance and one SNP for LLS resistance. Genotyping of one RIL population (TAG 24 × GPBD 4) with these four diagnostic markers revealed higher phenotypic variation for these two diseases. These results suggest usefulness of QTL‐seq approach in precise and rapid identification of candidate genomic regions and development of diagnostic markers for breeding applications.
Increased rhizosphere populations of Trichoderma asperellum strain T34 caused by secretion pattern of root exudates in tomato plants inoculated with Botrytis cinerea
Authors: Fernández E. , Trillas M. I. , Segarra G. 
Published: December 2016

Root exudates secreted from plants can modify rhizosphere microbiota by enhancing or inhibiting the growth of biological control agents (BCAs) and/or pathogens. Similarly, microorganisms can modify the secretion of plant root exudates. The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of a Botrytis cinerea leaf infection on the secretion of tomato root exudates and on the populations of the BCA Trichoderma asperellum strain T34 (T34). This study found that the secretion pattern of root exudates in tomato plants was influenced by B. cinerea infection in plant leaves. An increase in the levels of gluconic acid was observed, while levels of sucrose and inositol decreased. A decrease in the severity of B. cinerea by the induction of systemic resistance triggered by T34 was also observed. Tomato plants infected with B. cinerea maintained the populations of T34 in the roots, while populations of T34 decreased in plants not inoculated with the pathogen. Samples exposed to media containing gluconic acid (as the only carbon source or at the same concentration found in roots exudates) saw an increase in the in vitro growth of T34 compared to media without gluconic acid. In conclusion, a change in the secretion pattern of root exudates caused by B. cinerea, together with the enhanced growth of T34 in the presence of gluconic acid, indicates the existence of leaf to root communication. The result of this is enhanced populations of T34, and in turn induced disease resistance and a consequential reduction in disease severity.
Editors' Introduction
Authors: Balfour Danny L. , Newbold Stephanie P. 
Published: December 2016

Related Content: Roberts (PAR January/February 2017)Related Content: Eckerd (PAR January/February 2017)Related Content: Vidal‐Aparicio (PAR January/February 2017)Related Content: Gerrits and Verweij (PAR January/February 2017)Related Content: Robbins (PAR January/February 2017)
Risk Factors of a Suicide Reattempt by Seasonality and the Method of a Previous Suicide Attempt: A Cohort Study in a Japanese Primary Care Hospital
Authors: Sawa Minoru , Koishikawa Hiraki , Osaki Yoneatsu 
Published: December 2016

Suicide has a great impact on the individual whose life is lost and the bereaved family members. The risk of a suicide reattempt is particularly high during the first 12 months after a suicide attempt. In this cohort study, risk factors for a suicide reattempt were explored among 291 patients at suicide risk. Clinical and demographic data were collected from a Japanese primary care hospital. Past psychiatric history and multiple diagnoses were associated with suicide reattempts in both genders. Drug overdose, past psychiatric history, and the summer season were linked to suicide reattempts among males. Past psychiatric history and multiple diagnoses were linked to suicide reattempts among females. Appropriate assessment of past psychiatric history, season and method of suicide attempt, gender, and diagnosis may play a role in preventing suicide.
Changes in soil aggregate‐associated enzyme activities and nutrients under long‐term chemical fertilizer applications in a phosphorus‐limited paddy soil
Authors: Li W. T. , Liu M. , Jiang C. Y. , Wu M. , Chen X. F. , Ma X. Y. , Li Z. P. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPaddy soils in subtropical China are usually deficient in phosphorus (P) and require regular application of chemical fertilizers. This study evaluated the effects of chemical fertilizers on the distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (N) and available P, and on the activity of the associated enzymes in bulk soil and aggregates. Surface soils (0–20 cm) were collected from a 24‐yr‐old field experiment with five treatments: unfertilized control (CK), N only (N), N and potassium (NK), N and P (NP), and N, P and K (NPK). Undisturbed bulk soils were separated into >2, 1–2, 0.25–1, 0.053–0.25 and <0.053 mm aggregate classes using wet sieving. Results showed that both NP‐ and NPK‐treated soils significantly increased mean weight diameter of aggregates, SOC, available P in bulk soil and aggregates, as compared to CK. Most SOC and total N adhered to macro‐aggregates (>0.25 mm), which accounted for 64–81% of SOC and 54–82% of total N in bulk soil. The activities of invertase and acid phosphatase in the 1–2 mm fraction were the highest under NPK treatment. The highest activity of urease was observed in the <0.053 mm fraction under NP treatment. Soil organic carbon and available P were major contributors to variation of enzyme activities at the aggregate scale. In conclusion, application of NP or NPK fertilizers promoted the formation of soil aggregates, nutrient contents and activities of associated enzymes in P‐limited paddy soils, and thus enhanced soil quality.
DRO1 influences root system architecture in Arabidopsis and Prunus species
Authors: Guseman Jessica M. , Webb Kevin , Srinivasan Chinnathambi , Dardick Chris 
Published: December 2016

SummaryRoots provide essential uptake of water and nutrients from the soil, as well as anchorage and stability for the whole plant. Root orientation, or angle, is an important component of the overall architecture and depth of the root system; however, little is known about the genetic control of this trait. Recent reports in Oryza sativa (rice) identified a role for DEEPER ROOTING 1 (DRO1) in influencing the orientation of the root system, leading to positive changes in grain yields under water‐limited conditions. Here we found that DRO1 and DRO1‐related genes are present across diverse plant phyla, and fall within the IGT gene family. The IGT family also includes TAC1 and LAZY1, which are known to affect the orientation of lateral shoots. Consistent with a potential role in root development, DRO1 homologs in Arabidopsis and peach showed root‐specific expression. Promoter–reporter constructs revealed that AtDRO1 is predominantly expressed in both the root vasculature and root tips, in a distinct developmental pattern. Mutation of AtDRO1 led to more horizontal lateral root angles. Overexpression of AtDRO1 under a constitutive promoter resulted in steeper lateral root angles, as well as shoot phenotypes including upward leaf curling, shortened siliques and narrow lateral branch angles. A conserved C‐terminal EAR‐like motif found in IGT genes was required for these ectopic phenotypes. Overexpression of PpeDRO1 in Prunus domestica (plum) led to deeper‐rooting phenotypes. Collectively, these data indicate a potential application for DRO1‐related genes to alter root architecture for drought avoidance and improved resource use.
The ghosts of Islam and the unseen world in Bruneian horror stories
Authors: MOHD DAUD KATHRINA 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTOne of the most dynamic and contemporary aspects of Bruneian literature today is the proliferation of bilingual short stories online. In a country in which fewer than a hundred local prose and poetry works are published annually, Mode Seram, a website in which readers are encouraged to send in stories, which updates itself daily and can boast over 40,000 readers since its inception in 2010, is one of the most‐read (albeit unofficial) disseminators of prose in the country. By performing a close reading of selected stories from the site, with particular attention to the ‘imam’ figure, this article suggests that the bi‐ and tri‐lingual stories of Mode Seram constitute an alternative reading of the national Islamic religious ideology, and challenge contemporary Anglophone Southeast Asian representations of the sacred and the supernatural, and represent an important step in the carving out of a unique national literature rooted firmly in the cultural and religious traditions of Southeast Asia.
A research bibliography for Brunei English
Authors: MCLELLAN JAMES , CHIN GRACE V. S. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTThis bibliography sets out to provide a guide to research publications dealing with the status, functions and features of English in Brunei. It includes publications related to the sociolinguistic background, the linguistic features of Brunei English, discourse studies, literary studies and creative writing, English language teaching, language policy and planning, and scholarly theses.