bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilization of indigenously isolated single strain starter cultures for the production of sourdough bread
Authors: Saeed Muhammad , Yasmin Iqra , Khan Wahab Ali , Pasha Imran , Sharif Mian Kamran , Shabbir Muhammad Asim 
Published: August 2016

<p>Sourdoughs were prepared with <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em> (T<sub>0</sub>) and indigenously isolated starter cultures i.e<em> Lactobacillus brevis (</em>T<sub>1</sub>)<em>, Lactobacillus fermentum</em> (T<sub>2</sub>) and<em> Lactobacillus plantarum </em>(T<sub>3</sub>). Breads were prepared from all sourdoughs samples in triplicate and analyzed for pH, Total Titratable Acidity (TTA), loaf volume, microbial characteristics (total plate count and fungal count) and sensory profile (internal and external) in triplicate. The breads prepared from <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em> (T<sub>0</sub>) exhibited the highest pH with the lowest TTA while T<sub>1 </sub>showed the lowest pH with the highest TTA. The T<sub>0</sub> breads got the highest values for loaf volume followed by T<sub>1</sub>. The breads produced with the addition of hetero-fermentative starter cultures (T<sub>1 </sub>and T<sub>2</sub>) showed resistance against the growth of the contaminating microorganisms. In the sensory evaluation, the breads produced with<em> </em>T<sub>1 </sub>ranked the best for color (crust and crumb), taste, aroma, texture and overall acceptability by the panelists. </p>
Masora Biblii hebrajskiej – wprowadzenie w tematykę
Authors: Majewski Marcin 
Published: August 2016

Masora, system oznaczeń w i wokół tekstu biblijnego Starego Testamentu, to istna biblioteka informacji o tekście hebrajskim Biblii na etapie jego definitywnego ustalania. Podaje informacje, bez których trudne, a czasem niemożliwe staje się poprawne jego odczytanie czy zinterpretowanie. Jedną z barier w studiowaniu masory Biblii hebrajskiej jest brak literatury wprowadzającej w jej tematykę, zwłaszcza na gruncie języka polskiego. W opracowaniach polskojęzycznych nie znajdziemy żadnego szerszego wprowadzenia w studiowanie not masoreckich. Od kiedy system masory jest pieczołowicie zamieszczany w Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia czy Biblia Hebraica Quinta, tym pilniejszą wydaje się potrzeba gruntowego wprowadzenia do tematyki masory. Niech ten artykuł będzie zapowiedzią takiego opracowania.
Roadside Planting in Ethiopia: Turning a Problem into an Opportunity
Authors: Agujetas Perez Marta , Tegebu Fredu Nega , Steenbergen Frank van 
Published: August 2016

<p> </p><p><em>Roads have both positive and negative impacts in the areas surrounding them. With the expansion of roads growing at an inexorable speed in Ethiopia and all Sub-Saharan Africa, these impacts need to be well understood. A questionnaire was used to gather information on road-related impacts on the rural population. A total of 529 sample households were selected in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. The three most common consequences cited by respondents in order of importance were dust, flooding and erosion. Close to 44% of the respondents said that the occurrence of dust has increased after construction of the road. The reduction of yield estimated by farmers ranges from 10% to 50%. Close to 11% of the sample households faced decline in crop production and income due to dust lifted up from roads. The breakpoint for road dust occurred approximately at 200 to 280 meters from the road. Roadside plantations along rural roads have proven to mitigate road-related impacts and restore the ecological balance. When linked to rural development programs, roadside planting can create employment while generating a reliable source of income for rural communities. </em></p><p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p>
Twelve-year follow-up of mandibular incisor stability: Comparison between two bonded lingual orthodontic retainers
Authors: Schütz-Fransson Ulrike , Lindsten Rune , Bjerklin Krister , Bondemark Lars 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
Objective: To compare the long-term outcome 9 years after removal of two different types of fixed retainers used for stabilization of the mandibular anterior segment.
Materials and Methods: Sixty-four children who had undergone orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances in both arches were divided into two groups depending on which kind of retainer being used. Twenty-eight of the patients had a canine-to-canine retainer bonded to the canines and 36 had a bonded twistflex retainer 3-3, bonded to each tooth. Measurements were made on study models and lateral head radiographs, before and after treatment, 6 years after treatment, and 12 years after treatment, with a mean of 9.2 years after removal of the retainers.
Results: No significant differences were found between the two groups at the long-term follow-up according to Little's Irregularity Index or available space for the mandibular incisors. The overjet and overbite were reduced after treatment in both groups and stayed stable throughout the observation period. Also, no differences in bonding failures between the two retainers were found.
Conclusions: Both a canine-to-canine retainer bonded only to the canines and a twistflex retainer 3-3 bonded to each tooth can be recommended. However, neither of the retention types prevented long-term changes of mandibular incisor irregularity or available space for the mandibular incisors after removal of the retainers.
Carbon stocks in the Oak and Pine Forests in Salyan District, Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Bishnu Prasad , Devkota B. P. 
Published: August 2016

Forests play an important role in absorbing atmospheric carbon dioxide. Broadleaf Forests absorb more carbon as compared to the Pine Forests. Quantification of carbon in any vegetation and soil type is a basic step for evaluating the carbon sequestration potential of an ecosystem. To quantify the vegetation and soil carbon stocks in Oak and Pine Forests, above and below-ground biomass of both forests were estimated using stratified random sampling. Individual trees in the sample plots of both forest types were measured. Above-ground biomass of trees and saplings were estimated by using different models, while the biomass of grass, herb and litter were calculated directly from field measurements. To determine the soil carbon stock, soil samples from three depth levels (0–10 cm, 10–20 cm, and 20–30 cm) of each soil profile were collected for each sample plot laid out in both forest types. Total vegetation carbon stocks in Oak and Pine Forests were 90.37 and 24.82 Mg C ha-1, respectively. Similarly, the soil carbon stocks in the Oak and Pine Forests were 60.82 and 46.12 Mg C ha-1, respectively.Banko Janakari, Vol. 23, No. 2, 2013
Drivers and dynamics of land use land cover in Ambung VDC of Tehrathum district, Nepal
Authors: Pandey D , Heyojoo B P , Shahi H 
Published: August 2016

Land use and land cover change has immense impact on the global environment and ecosystem. Geospatial technologies are very important for monitoring these changes. This research aims to find out the land use land cover dynamics and drivers of Ambung VDC, Tehrathum district. The Landsat images of the year 1990 and 2013 were used for quantifying the changes. Household survey, key informant interview, focus group discussion, training samples collection and direct field observations were carried out to gather socio-economic and bio-physical data. Supervised classification was performed to prepare land cover maps. Change on land use was calculated by using post classification change detection. During 1990–2013, forest cover was found to have increased by 6.6%, agriculture decreased by 5.9% and others (barren, settlement, grass, rock and water bodies) decreased by 0.7%. The VDC was found to have severe problem of rapid drying of water resources in spite of the increase in forest cover, and so research should be carried out to find out the reason and solve the problem before it is too late.Banko JanakariA Journal of Forestry Information for NepalVol. 26, No. 1, Page:90-96, 2016
Verification of three-dimensional neutron kinetics model of TRAP-KS code regarding reactivity variations
Authors: Uvakin M. A. , Alekhin G. V. , Bykov M. A. , Zaitsev S. I. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
This work deals with TRAP-KS code verification. TRAP-KS is used for coupled neutron and thermo-hydraulic process calculations of VVER reactors. The three-dimensional neutron kinetics model enables consideration of space effects, which are produced by energy field and feedback parameters variations. This feature has to be investigated especially for asymmetrical multiplying variations of core properties, power fluctuations and strong local perturbation insertion. The presented work consists of three test definitions. First, an asymmetrical control rod (CR) ejection during power operation is defined. This process leads to fast reactivity insertion with short-time power spike. As second task xenon oscillations are considered. Here, small negative reactivity insertion leads to power decreasing and induces space oscillations of xenon concentration. In the late phase, these oscillations are suppressed by external actions. As last test, an international code comparison for a hypothetical main steam line break (V1000CT-2, task 2) was performed. This scenario is interesting for asymmetrical positive reactivity insertion by decreasing coolant temperature in the affected loop.
Error detection in core loading in the condition of asymmetrical distribution of power
Authors: Ryzhov A. , Pinegin A. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The error detection in core loading in many cases happens in conditions of a significant asymmetry in the distribution of power density, which is caused by thermal mechanical deformations of reactor core, and temperature differences in the cold legs of coolant. The asymmetry of power distribution essentially decreases the effectiveness of algorithms used to detect errors in the core loading using ICIS data. The paper proposes the ways for solving this problem by means of special filtration algorithms.
Dependence of microstructure, microhardness, tensile strength and electrical resistivity on growth rates for directionally solidified Zn-Al-Sb eutectic alloy
Authors: Bayram Ümit , Karamazı Yasin , Ata Pınar , Aksöz Sezen , Keşlioğlu Kazım , Maraşlı Necmettin 
Published: August 2016

AbstractZn-5.3 wt.% Al-0.8 wt.% Sb alloy was directionally solidified upward at a constant temperature gradient (G = 2.39 K mm−1) with a wide range of growth rates (V) (9.70 – 2 013.40 μm s−1) by using a Bridgman type directional solidification furnace. The average values of eutectic spacing (λ), microhardness (HVT), ultimate tensile strength (σUTS) and electrical resistivity (ρ) were measured from transverse sections of the directionally solidified samples. The dependency of λ, HVT, σUTS and ρ on V were experimentally obtained by using linear regression analysis for low, high and all growth rates. The bulk growth rates were also determined by using the measured values of λ and V for low, high and all growth rates. The results obtained in the present work were compared with the Jackson–Hunt eutectic theory and similar experimental results in the literature. Also, the specific heat difference (ΔCP) and enthalpy of fusion (ΔH) for the Zn–Al–Sb alloy were determined by means of differential scanning calorimetry.
Workload impact on gender-based differences in delta blood lactate concentrations from supramaximal exercise
Authors: Martin J.L. , Perry R.A. , Baptista R.A. , McArtor J.D. , Clutter L.B. , Symons T.B. , de Paleville D. Terson , Roberts A. , Cesarz G. , Caruso J.F. 
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND: Gender-based delta blood lactate concentration (Δ [BLa - ]) differences may be impacted by the volume of work performed during exercise. Thus workload can act as a confounding influence when data from men and women are compared. OBJECTIVE: To examine workload's impact on gender-based disparities in delta blood lactate concentration (Δ [BLa - ]) values from supramaximal exercise. METHODS: Subjects (49 women, 31 men) did two workouts on an exercise device (Impulse Technologies; Newnan, GA) comprised solely of either tonic or phasic repetitions. Total work (TW) and Δ [BLa -] were quantified from each workout. TW and raw Δ [BLa - ] values were each examined with 2 × 2 ANOVAs, with repeated measures for workout. Δ [BLa - ] values were also examined with TW as a covariate using a 2 × 2 ANCOVA and repeated measures for workout. RESULTS: Raw Δ [BLa - ] and TW results each yielded predictable inter-gender differences. However our ANCOVA data produced a two-way interaction and the following significant differences: men-phasic, women-phasic > women-tonic > men-tonic. CONCLUSIONS: Our results support the idea that the volume of TW performed exacerbates inherent metabolic differences among men and women that heighten gender-based blood lactate differences. Future research on inter-gender lactate differences should consider workload as a covariate.
Practical and privacy-preserving information retrieval from a database table
Authors: Di Crescenzo Giovanni , Cook Debra L. , McIntosh Allen , Panagos Euthimios 
Published: August 2016

We study the problem of privately performing database queries (i.e., keyword searches and conjunctions over them), where a server provides its own database for a client’s query-based access. We propose a cryptographic model for the study of such protocols, by expanding previous well-studied models of keyword search and private information retrieval to incorporate a more practical data model: a time-varying, multi-attribute and multiple-occurrence database table. Our first result is a 2-party private database retrieval protocol. This is the first protocol that preserves query and data privacy on such a practical data model. Like all previous work in private information retrieval and keyword search, this protocol still satisfies server time complexity linear in the database size. Our main result is a private database retrieval protocol in a 3-party model where encrypted data is outsourced to a third party (i.e., a cloud server), satisfying highly desirable privacy and efficiency properties; most notably: (1) no unintended information is leaked to clients or servers, and only minimal ‘access pattern’ information is leaked to the third party; (2) for each query, all parties run in time only logarithmic in the number of database records; (3) the protocol’s runtime is practical for real-life applications, as shown in our implementation where we achieve response time that is only a small constant slower than commercial non-private protocols like MySQL. This is the first protocol that achieves privacy of database and query content with practical performance. Finally, we show a second private database retrieval protocol in the 3-party model for which we can show that no unintended information is leaked to an adversary corrupting both clients and third parties, at an only constant additional performance overhead cost.
Toxicological Characterization of Exon Skipping Phosphorodiamidate Morpholino Oligomers (PMOs) in Non-human Primates
Authors: Carver Michael P. , Charleston Jay S. , Shanks Courtney , Zhang Jianbo , Mense Mark , Sharma Alok K. , Kaur Harjeet , Sazani Peter 
Published: August 2016

Background: Phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMOs) are a class of exon skipping drugs including eteplirsen, which has shown considerable promise for treatment of the degenerative neuromuscular disease, Duchenne musculardystrophy (DMD). Objective: Toxicity studies in non-human primates (NHPs) of 12 weeks duration with two new PMOs for DMD, SRP-4045 and SRP-4053, along with results from a chronic study in NHPs of 39 weeks duration for eteplirsen, are described here. Methods: PMOs were administered once-weekly by bolus intravenous (IV) injections to male NHPs. Endpoints evaluated included plasma exposures, clinical observations, body weight/food consumption, eye exams, electrocardiograms, male reproductive hormones/endpoints, complement alternative pathway, clinical pathology, urinalysis, and macroscopic/light microscopic pathology. Results: Findings in these studies were limited to the kidneys, with a common presentation of tubular basophilia, vacuolation, and/or minimal degeneration that was considered non-adverse. No necrosis, glomerular lesions, or effects on renal function tests such as serum creatinine or urea nitrogen were observed, suggesting that PMO-related kidney findings are not likely to develop into frank nephrotoxicity. There were no adverse effects on other potential target organs after repeated IV injections at the highest dose levels tested, 320 mg/kg. Conclusions: Nonclinical results in NHPs for these three PMOs, together with the excellent clinical safety established for eteplirsen to date, suggest that once-weekly IV administration of PMOs for lifetime durations at therapeutic doses will be well tolerated by patients with DMD.
Increasing Role of Titin Mutations in Neuromuscular Disorders
Authors: Savarese Marco , Sarparanta Jaakko , Vihola Anna , Udd Bjarne , Hackman Peter 
Published: August 2016

The TTN gene with 363 coding exons encodes titin, a giant muscle protein spanning from the Z-disk to the M-band within the sarcomere. Mutations in the TTN gene have been associated with different genetic disorders, including hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathy and several skeletal muscle diseases. Before the introduction of next generation sequencing (NGS) methods, the molecular analysis of TTN has been laborious, expensive and not widely used, resulting in a limited number of mutations identified. Recent studies however, based on the use of NGS strategies, give evidence of an increasing number of rare and unique TTN variants. The interpretation of these rare variants of uncertain significance (VOUS) represents a challenge for clinicians and researchers. The main aim of this review is to describe the wide spectrum of muscle diseases caused by TTN mutations so far determined, summarizing the molecular findings as well as the clinical data, and to highlight the importance of joint efforts to respond to the challenges arising from the use of NGS. An international collaboration through a clinical and research consortium and the development of a single accessible database listing variants in the TTN gene, identified by high throughput approaches, may be the key to a better assessment of titinopathies and to systematic genotype– phenotype correlation studies.
Developmental Milestones and Quality of Life Assessment in a Congenital Myotonic Dystrophy Cohort
Authors: Prasad Madhavi , Hicks Rhiannon , MacKay Melissa , Nguyen Cam-Tu , Campbell Craig 
Published: August 2016

Background: Congenital myotonic dystrophy (CDM) is a neuromuscular disorder caused by a CTG triplet repeat expansion in the DMPK gene. In addition to the expected motor delay, affected children often have significant developmental disability in language and cognitive realms, which ultimately impacts on quality of life. Objective: In a prospective cohort of children with CDM to 1) present the profile of language and motor developmental milestones, and 2) describe their early childhood health related quality of life (HRQOL). Methods: A five year cohort study of eligible incident cases of CDM was performed via the Canadian Pediatric Surveillance Program (CPSP). Consenting subjects were then followed from infancy in a prospective cohort study. Caregivers were contacted every 3 months for the first year of life, and then twice yearly in order to obtain data concerning language skills, motor development and parent proxy HRQOL from the PedsQL and Infant and Toddler Quality of life (ITQOL) questionnaires. Results: Milestones were achieved at later ages in patients when compared to healthy children. Girls appeared to be more delayed than boys in both language and motor skills. HRQOL scores remained stable in this cohort, for both the PedsQL and ITQOL. Conclusions: Understanding developmental milestones and quality of life are important parameters when judging a child’s overall health. For CDM patients delineating developmental milestones and QOL have important clinical care and research implications.
Similar Efficacy from Specific and Non-Specific Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonist Treatment of Muscular Dystrophy Mice
Authors: Lowe Jeovanna , Floyd Kyle T. , Rastogi Neha , Schultz Eric J. , Chadwick Jessica A. , Swager Sarah A. , Zins Jonathan G. , Kadakia Feni K. , Smart Suzanne , Gomez-Sanchez Elise P. , Gomez-Sanchez Celso E. , Raman Subha V. , Janssen Paul M.L. , Rafael-Fortney Jill A. 
Published: August 2016

Background: Combined treatment with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and a mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonist improved cardiac and skeletal muscle function and pathology in a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. MR is present in limb and respiratory skeletal muscles and functions as a steroid hormone receptor. Objective: The goals of the current study were to compare the efficacy of the specific MR antagonist eplerenone with the non-specific MR antagonist spironolactone, both in combination with the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor lisinopril. Methods: Three groups of n = 18 dystrophin-deficient, utrophin-haploinsufficient male mice were given chow containing: lisinopril plus spironolactone, lisinopril plus eplerenone, or no drug, from four to 20 weeks-of-age. Eighteen C57BL/10 male mice were used as wild-type controls. In vivo measurements included cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, conscious electrocardiography, and grip strength. From each mouse in the study, diaphragm, extensor digitorum longus, and cardiac papillary muscle force was measured ex vivo, followed by histological quantification of muscle damage in heart, diaphragm, quadriceps, and abdominal muscles. MR protein levels were also verified in treated muscles. Results: Treatment with specific and non-specific MR antagonists did not result in any adverse effects to dystrophic skeletal muscles or heart. Both treatments resulted in similar functional and pathological improvements across a wide array of parameters. MR protein levels were not reduced by treatment. Conclusions: These data suggest that spironolactone and eplerenone show similar effects in dystrophic mice and support the clinical development of MR antagonists for treating skeletal muscles in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.