bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the link between chromosomal polymorphisms and reproductive abnormalities
Authors: Pang Haiyan , Zhang Tong , Yi Xin , Cheng Xiaojing , Wang Guiling 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Objective
This work aimed to investigate the potential correlation between chromosomal polymorphisms and various reproductive abnormalities.

Methods
We examined 21,916 patients affected by infertility who sought care at the Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University between January 2018 and December 2022. A total of 2227 individuals identified as chromosomal polymorphism carriers constituted the polymorphism group, and 2245 individuals with normal chromosome karyotypes were randomly selected to form a control group. Clinical manifestations, histories of spontaneous miscarriage, abnormal reproductive developments, fetal abnormalities, and male sperm quality anomalies were statistically compared between these two groups.

Results
Of the 21,916 patients analyzed, 2227 displayed chromosomal polymorphism, representing a 10.16% detection rate. Amongst the male patients, 1622 out of 10,827 exhibited polymorphisms (14.98%), whereas 605 out of 11,089 females showed polymorphisms (5.46%). Female carriers in the polymorphism group, showed statistically significant increased rates of spontaneous abortion (29.75% vs. 18.54%), fetal anomalies (1.32% vs. 0.81%), and uterine abnormalities compared with the control group (1.32% vs. 0.81%). Male carriers in the polymorphism group had higher rates of spontaneous abortion in partners (22.87% vs. 10.37%), fetal anomalies (1.97% vs. 0.25%), compromised sperm quality (41.74% vs. 7.18%), testicular underdevelopment (2.28% vs. 0.92%), and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (0.62% vs. 0.37%) compared with the control group.

Conclusion
Chromosomal polymorphisms may have a certain negative effect on reproductive irregularities, including spontaneous abortions, fetal anomalies, and reduced sperm quality in males. Their clinical effects deserve further investigation.
Is time to first CT scan in patients with isolated severe traumatic brain injury prolonged when prehospital arterial cannulation is performed? A retrospective non-inferiority study
Authors: Eichlseder Michael , Labenbacher Sebastian , Pichler Alexander , Eichinger Michael , Kuenzer Thomas , Zoidl Philipp , Hallmann Barbara , Stelzl Felix , Schreiber Nikolaus , Zajic Paul 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Invasive blood pressure measurement is the in-hospital gold standard to guide hemodynamic management and consecutively cerebral perfusion pressure in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Its prehospital use is controversial since it may delay further care. The primary aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that patients with severe traumatic brain injury who receive prehospital arterial cannulation, compared to those with in-hospital cannulation, do not have a prolonged time between on-scene arrival and first computed tomography (CT) of the head by more than ten minutes.

Methods
This retrospective study included patients 18 years and older with isolated severe TBI and prehospital induction of emergency anaesthesia who received treatment in the resuscitation room of the University Hospital of Graz between January 1st, 2015, and December 31st, 2022. A Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to test for non-inferiority (margin = ten minutes) of the time interval between on-scene arrival and first head CT.

Results
We included data of 181 patients in the final analysis. Prehospital arterial line insertion was performed in 87 patients (48%). Median (25–75th percentile) durations between on-scene arrival and first head CT were 73 (61–92) min for prehospital arterial cannulation and 75 (60–93) min for arterial cannulation in the resuscitation room. Prehospital arterial line insertion was significantly non-inferior within a margin of ten minutes with a median difference of 1 min (95% CI − 6 to 7, p = 0.003).

Conclusion
Time-interval between on-scene arrival and first head CT in patients with isolated severe traumatic brain injury who received prehospital arterial cannulation was not prolonged compared to those with in-hospital cannulation. This supports early out-of-hospital arterial cannulation performed by experienced providers.
Post-resuscitation pneumothorax: retrospective analysis of incidence, risk factors and outcome-relevance
Authors: Auinger Daniel , Hötzer David , Zajic Paul , Orlob Simon , Heschl Stefan , Fida Stephanie , Zoidl Philipp , Honnef Gabriel , Friedl Herwig , Smolle-Jüttner Freyja-Maria , Prause Gerhard 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Pneumothorax may occur as a complication of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and could pose a potentially life-threatening condition. In this study we sought to investigate the incidence of pneumothorax following CPR for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), identify possible risk factors, and elucidate its association with outcomes.

Methods
This study was a retrospective data analysis of patients hospitalized following CPR for OHCA. We included cases from 1st March 2014 to 31st December 2021 which were attended by teams of the physician staffed ambulance based at the University Medical Centre Graz, Austria. Chest imaging after CPR was reviewed to assess whether pneumothorax was present or not. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors for the development of pneumothorax relevant and to assess its association with outcomes [survival to hospital discharge and cerebral performance category (CPC)].

Results
Pneumothorax following CPR was found in 26 out of 237 included cases (11.0%). History of obstructive lung disease was significantly associated with presence of pneumothorax after CPR. This subgroup of patients (n = 61) showed a pneumothorax rate of 23.0%. Pneumothorax was not identified as a relevant factor to predict survival to hospital discharge or favourable neurological outcome (CPC1 + 2).

Conclusions
Pneumothorax may be present in greater than one in ten patients hospitalized after CPR for OHCA. Pre-existent obstructive pulmonary disease seems to be a relevant risk factor for development of post-CPR pneumothorax. ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT06182007 (retrospectively registered).
Trial Registration: NCT06182007 (retrospectively registered)
The prevalence of pathogens in ticks collected from humans in Belgium, 2021, versus 2017
Authors: Philippe Camille , Geebelen Laurence , Hermy Marie R. G. , Dufrasne François E. , Tersago Katrien , Pellegrino Alessandro , Fonville Manoj , Sprong Hein , Mori Marcella , Lernout Tinne 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Ticks carry a variety of microorganisms, some of which are pathogenic to humans. The human risk of tick-borne diseases depends on, among others, the prevalence of pathogens in ticks biting humans. To follow-up on this prevalence over time, a Belgian study from 2017 was repeated in 2021.

Methods
During the tick season 2021, citizens were invited to have ticks removed from their skin, send them and fill in a short questionnaire on an existing citizen science platform for the notification of tick bites (TekenNet). Ticks were morphologically identified to species and life stage level and screened using multiplex qPCR targeting, among others, Borrelia burgdorferi (sensu lato), Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Borrelia miyamotoi, Neoehrlichia mikurensis, Babesia spp., Rickettsia helvetica and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). The same methodology as in 2017 was used.

Results
In 2021, the same tick species as in 2017 were identified in similar proportions; of 1094 ticks, 98.7% were Ixodes ricinus, 0.8% Ixodes hexagonus and 0.5% Dermacentor reticulatus. A total of 928 nymphs and adults could be screened for the presence of pathogens. Borrelia burgdorferi (s.l.) was detected in 9.9% (95% CI 8.2–12.0%), which is significantly lower than the prevalence of 13.9% (95% CI 12.2–15.7%) in 2017 (P = 0.004). The prevalences of A. phagocytophilum (4.7%; 95% CI 3.5–6.3%) and R. helvetica (13.3%; 95% CI 11.2–15.6%) in 2021 were significantly higher compared to 2017 (1.8%; 95% CI 1.3–2.7% and 6.8%; 95% CI 5.6–8.2% respectively) (P < 0.001 for both). For the other pathogens tested, no statistical differences compared to 2017 were found, with prevalences ranging between 1.5 and 2.9% in 2021. Rickettsia raoultii was again found in D. reticulatus ticks (n = 3/5 in 2021). Similar to 2017, no TBEV was detected in the ticks. Co-infections were found in 5.1% of ticks. When combining co-infection occurrence in 2017 and 2021, a positive correlation was observed between B. burgdorferi (s.l.) and N. mikurensis and B. burgdorferi (s.l.) and B. miyamotoi (P < 0.001 for both).

Conclusions
Although the 2021 prevalences fell within expectations, differences were found compared to 2017. Further research to understand the explanations behind these differences is needed.

Graphical Abstract
Oxygen therapy in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: guidelines from the SRLF-SFMU consensus conference
Authors: Helms Julie , Catoire Pierre , Abensur Vuillaume Laure , Bannelier Héloise , Douillet Delphine , Dupuis Claire , Federici Laura , Jezequel Melissa , Jozwiak Mathieu , Kuteifan Khaldoun , Labro Guylaine , Latournerie Gwendoline , Michelet Fabrice , Monnet Xavier , Persichini Romain , Polge Fabien , Savary Dominique , Vromant Amélie , Adda Imane , Hraiech Sami 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Although largely used, the place of oxygen therapy and its devices in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (ARF) deserves to be clarified. The French Intensive Care Society (Société de Réanimation de Langue Française, SRLF) and the French Emergency Medicine Society (Société Française de Médecine d’Urgence, SFMU) organized a consensus conference on oxygen therapy in ARF (excluding acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema and hypercapnic exacerbation of chronic obstructive diseases) in December 2023.

Methods
A committee without any conflict of interest (CoI) with the subject defined 7 generic questions and drew up a list of sub questions according to the population, intervention, comparison and outcomes (PICO) model. An independent work group reviewed the literature using predefined keywords. The quality of the data was assessed using the GRADE methodology. Fifteen experts in the field from both societies proposed their own answers in a public session and answered questions from the jury (a panel of 16 critical-care and emergency medicine physicians, nurses and physiotherapists without any CoI) and the public. The jury then met alone for 48 h to write its recommendations.

Results
The jury provided 22 statements answering 11 questions: in patients with ARF (1) What are the criteria for initiating oxygen therapy? (2) What are the targets of oxygen saturation? (3) What is the role of blood gas analysis? (4) When should an arterial catheter be inserted? (5) Should standard oxygen therapy, high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) or continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) be preferred? (6) What are the indications for non-invasive ventilation (NIV)? (7) What are the indications for invasive mechanical ventilation? (8) Should awake prone position be used? (9) What is the role of physiotherapy? (10) Which criteria necessarily lead to ICU admission? (11) Which oxygenation device should be preferred for patients for whom a do-not-intubate decision has been made?

Conclusion
These recommendations should optimize the use of oxygen during ARF.
DQ-NN and phantom routing for enhanced source location privacy for IoT under multiple source and destination
Authors: T. Arpitha , Chouhan Dharamendra , J. Shreyas 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe Internet of Things (IoT) is now an essential component of our day-to-day lives. In any case, the association of various devices presents numerous security challenges in IoT. In some cases, ubiquitous data or traffic may be collected by certain smart devices which threatens the privacy of a source node location. To address this issue, a hybrid DL technique named Deep Q Learning Neural network (DQ-NN) is proposed for the Source Location Privacy (SLP) in IoT networks based on phantom routing. Here, an IoT network with multiple sources and destinations is considered first, and then the phantom node is chosen by analyzing neighbor list, energy, distance, and trust heterogeneity parameters. After that, multiple routes are created from the source node to the sink node via the phantom node. Finally, path selection is performed by the proposed DQ-NN. Moreover, DQ-NN is obtained by merging the Deep Q Learning Network (DQN) and Deep Neural Network (DNN). A simulation environment consisting of 150 nodes is created to study the effectiveness of performance and scalability. The proposed novel DQ-NN outperforms other existing algorithms, by recording a high network lifetime is 111.912, a safety period of 664970.7 m, an energy is 0.034 J, and a distance is 56.594 m.
Integrated telehealth intervention to reduce chronic pain and unhealthy drinking among people living with HIV: protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Palfai Tibor P , Bernier Lauren B , Kratzer Maya PL , Magane Kara M , Fielman Sarah , Otis John D , Heeren Timothy C , Winter Michael R , Stein Michael D 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Unhealthy alcohol use represents a significant risk for morbidity and mortality among people living with HIV (PLWH), in part through its impact on HIV management. Chronic pain, a common comorbidity, exacerbates suboptimal engagement in the HIV care continuum and has reciprocal detrimental effects on alcohol outcomes. There are no integrated, accessible approaches that address these comorbid conditions among PLWH to date. This paper describes a research study protocol of an integrated telehealth intervention to reduce unhealthy drinking and chronic pain among PLWH (Motivational and Cognitive-Behavioral Management for Alcohol and Pain [INTV]).

Methods
Two-hundred and fifty PLWH with unhealthy drinking and chronic pain will be recruited nationally via online advertisement. Informed consent and baseline assessments occur remotely, followed by 15 days of ecological momentary assessment to assess alcohol use, chronic pain, functioning, and mechanisms of behavior change. Next, participants will be randomized to either the INTV or Control (CTL) condition. Individuals in both conditions will meet with a health counselor through videoconferencing following randomization, and those in the INTV condition will receive 6 additional sessions. At 3- and 6-months post-baseline, participants will complete outcome assessments. It is hypothesized that the INTV condition will result in reduced unhealthy alcohol use and pain ratings compared to the CTL condition.

Conclusion
This protocol paper describes a randomized controlled trial which tests the efficacy of a novel, integrated telehealth approach to reduce unhealthy alcohol use and chronic pain for PLWH, two common comorbid conditions that influence the HIV treatment cascade.

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier
NCT05503173.
A national study of firearm exposure and safety training among rural youth
Authors: Koopman Jamie L. , Linden Benjamin M. , Sinik Megan R. , Wetjen Kristel M. , Hoogerwerf Pam J. , Liao Junlin , Jennissen Charles A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundData regarding rural youths’ experience with firearms, including safety training, is highly limited despite their frequent presence in homes. Our objective was to investigate rural adolescents’ use of firearms and whether they had received formal firearm training.MethodsA convenience sample of 2021 National FFA (formerly Future Farmers of America) Convention & Expo attendees were given an anonymous survey at the University of Iowa Stead Family Children’s Hospital injury prevention booth. The survey explored their use of rifles/shotguns and handguns and whether they had completed a certified firearm safety course. Descriptive and comparative analyses, including multivariable logistic regression analyses, were performed on compiled data.Results3206 adolescents ages 13–18 years participated with 45% reporting they lived on a farm or ranch. The vast majority of participants (85%) had fired a rifle/shotgun; 43% reported firing them > 100 times. Of those that had fired rifles/shotguns, 41% had done so before 9 years old. Most had also fired a handgun (69%), with 23% having fired handguns > 100 times. Of those that had fired handguns, 44% had done so before 11 years. Average age for first firing rifles/shotguns was 9.5 (SD 3.1) years, and 11.1 (SD 3.0) years for handguns. Males, non-Hispanic Whites, and those living on farms or in the country had significantly greater percentages who had fired a rifle/shotgun or a handgun. Significant differences were also seen by U.S. census region. Over half (64%) reported having gone hunting. Of those that had used a firearm, 67% had completed a firearm safety training course. Overall, 23% were/had been members of a school or club shooting team and of these, 87% had taken a safety course.ConclusionsMost FFA member participants had fired both rifles/shotguns and handguns, many at very young ages. Significant differences in firearm use were noted by demographic factors including the home setting (i.e., farms and ranches) and their U.S. census region. Nearly one-third of adolescent firearm users had not received formal safety training. Promoting firearm safety should include advising families on when it is developmentally appropriate to introduce youth to firearms and on the importance of firearm safety training.
Enhancement of therapeutic efficacy of Brinzolamide for Glaucoma by nanocrystallization and tyloxapol addition
Authors: Masuda Shuya , Yano Shiho , Tadokoro Tomohisa , Otake Hiroko , Nagai Noriaki 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Brinzolamide (BRI) suspensions are used for the treatment of glaucoma; however, sufficient drug delivery to the target tissue after eye drop administration is hampered by poor solubility. To address this issue, we focused on nanocrystal technology, which is expected to improve the bioavailability of poor-solubility drugs, and investigated the effect of BRI nanocrystal formulations on corneal permeability and intraocular pressure (IOP)-reducing effect.

Methods
BRI nanocrystal formulations were prepared by the wet-milling method with beads and additives. The particle size was measured by NANOSIGHT LM10, and the morphology was determined using a scanning probe microscope (SPM-9700) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Corneal permeability was evaluated in vitro using a Franz diffusion cell with rat corneas and in vivo using rabbits, and the IOP-reducing effect was investigated using a rabbit hypertensive model.

Results
The particle size range for prepared BRI nanocrystal formulation was from 50 to 300 nm and the mean particle size was 135 ± 4 nm. The morphology was crystalline, and the nanoparticles were uniformly dispersed. In the corneal permeability study, BRI nanocrystallization exhibited higher corneal permeability than non-milled formulations. This result may be attributed to the increased solubility of BRI by nanocrystallization and the induction of energy-dependent endocytosis by the attachment of BRI nanoparticles to the cell membrane. Furthermore, the addition of tyloxapol to BRI nanocrystal formulation further improved the intraocular penetration of BRI and showed a stronger IOP-reducing effect than the commercial product.

Conclusions
The combination of BRI nanocrystallization and tyloxapol is expected to be highly effective in glaucoma treatment and a useful tool for new ophthalmic drug delivery.
Flavonoids as therapeutics for myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury: a comprehensive review on preclinical studies
Authors: Verma Vipin Kumar , Bhardwaj Priya , Prajapati Vaishali , Bhatia Avantika , Purkait Sayani , Arya Dharamvir Singh 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIschemic heart disease is the most prevalent cause of death worldwide affecting both the gender of all age groups. The high mortality rate is due to damage of myocardial tissue that emanates at the time of myocardial ischemia and re-oxygenation, thus averting reperfusion injury is recognized as a potential way to reduce acute cardiac injury and subsequent mortality. Flavonoids are polyphenol derivatives of plant origin and empirical shreds of evidence substantiate their numerous activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and anti-thrombotic activity, leading to their role in cardio protection. Recent investigations have unveiled the capacity of flavonoids to impede pivotal regulatory enzymes, signaling molecules, and transcription factors that orchestrate the mediators participating in the inflammatory cascade. The present comprehensive review, dwells on the preclinical studies on the effectiveness of flavonoids from the year 2007 to 2023, for the prevention and therapeutics for myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Graphical Abstract
Mutational landscape of BRCA gene mutations in Indian breast cancer patients: retrospective insights from a diagnostic lab
Authors: Chikkala Rosy , Bhayal Deepak , Rani Nikki , Modali Rama , Bhatia Kishor , Dubey Bhawna 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Presence of Germline mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes is the most significant epidemiological factor for breast cancer (BC), where germline BRCA1 (gBRCA 1) mutation increases the risk for BC by 59–87% and gBRCA 2 mutation increases the risk by 38–80%. In this retrospective study, we have analyzed NGS-based genetic data for samples received at our laboratory for genetic testing over a three-year period to understand the prevalence and pattern if any of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in Indian breast cancer patients.

Results
BRCA gene sequencing using NGS was performed in 395 consecutive cases of BC referred for testing to our lab between 2021 and 2023. Genetic analysis of mutations BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 genes resulted in 115 (29%) positive patients. Out of 115 patients, 79 reported BRCA1 mutations, whereas 36 had BRCA2 mutations. Exon 10 (57.3%) of BRCA1 and exon 11 (52%) of BRCA2 were the most mutated exons observed in this study. The c.1961delA (26.4%) variant, followed by the c.68_69delAG (22.7%) variant in BRCA1, and the c.6373delA (20.5%) variant in BRCA2, were the most common mutations found in our study. Our data shows positive correlation of younger age group (20–45 years) with BRCA positive status (Chi-square p value = 0.001).

Conclusion
BRCA mutation prevalence was 29.1% in our data which is higher than Western countries. Based on our findings BRCA screening looks imperative for women with BC especially younger women (< 50 years), as family history based BRCA testing would miss out many BRCA positive candidates which could benefit from PARP therapy options.