bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The dimension splitting and improved complex variable element‐free Galerkin method for 3‐dimensional transient heat conduction problems
Authors: Cheng H. , Peng M.J. , Cheng Y.M. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryIn this paper, by combining the dimension splitting method and the improved complex variable element‐free Galerkin method, the dimension splitting and improved complex variable element‐free Galerkin (DS‐ICVEFG) method is presented for 3‐dimensional (3D) transient heat conduction problems. Using the dimension splitting method, a 3D transient heat conduction problem is translated into a series of 2‐dimensional ones, which can be solved with the improved complex variable element‐free Galerkin (ICVEFG) method. In the ICVEFG method for each 2‐dimensional problem, the improved complex variable moving least‐square approximation is used to obtain the shape functions, and the penalty method is used to apply the essential boundary conditions. Finite difference method is used in the 1‐dimensional direction, and the Galerkin weak form of 3D transient heat conduction problem is used to obtain the final discretized equations. Then, the DS‐ICVEFG method for 3D transient heat conduction problems is presented. Four numerical examples are given to show that the new method has higher computational precision and efficiency.
Obesity and healthcare resource utilization: comparative results from the UK and the USA
Authors: Nørtoft E. , Chubb B. , Borglykke A. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryObjectivesTo estimate the differences between individuals with and without obesity on healthcare resource utilization using two large electronic medical record databases.MethodsData from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink and US General Electric Centricity database of adults (≥18 years) with registration date before 01/01/2010. Differences between individuals with and without obesity on 5‐year rates of Primary Care Physician (PCP) contacts, prescriptions and hospitalizations were analysed.ResultsThe study contained 1,878,017 UK and 4,414,883 US individuals. Compared with body mass index (BMI) (18.5–24.9 kg m−2), significant (p < 0.0001) increases in healthcare usage were observed with increasing BMI. Individuals with BMI 30–34.9 kg m−2 had higher PCP contact rate (rate ratios [RR] 1.27 and 1.28 for UK and USA, respectively), higher prescription rate (RR 1.61 and 1.51) and higher hospitalization rate (RR 1.10 and 1.13) than individuals with BMI 18.5–24.9 kg m−2. Individuals with BMI >40 kg m−2 also had higher PCP contact rate (RR 1.56 and 1.64), prescription rate (RR 2.48 and 2.14) and hospitalization rate (RR 1.27 and 1.30) than individuals with BMI 18.5–24.9 kg m−2.ConclusionsThe utilization of healthcare resources is significantly higher in individuals with obesity. A similar trend was observed in both the UK and US cohorts.
Response in a child with a BRAF V600E mutated desmoplastic infantile astrocytoma upon retreatment with vemurafenib
Authors: van Tilburg Cornelis M. , Selt Florian , Sahm Felix , Bächli Heidi , Pfister Stefan M. , Witt Olaf , Milde Till 
Published: December 2017

AbstractInfants with low‐grade glioma (LGG) and diencephalic syndrome have a poor outcome. The patient described here had a desmoplastic infantile astrocytoma harboring a BRAF V600E mutation. After relapse following initial standard chemotherapy treatment, he was successfully treated with the BRAF V600E inhibitor vemurafenib at the age of 3 years 11 months and 5 years 0 months. A rapid response was observed on both occasions. This illustrates the possibility of continuous oncogenic addiction and the therapeutic potential of BRAF V600E inhibitor monotherapy in LGG, even in very young severely compromised children. BRAF V600E inhibition in LGG and possible (re‐)treatment regimens are briefly discussed.
Diagnostic value of cell bound and circulating neutrophil antibody detection in pediatric neutropenia
Authors: Porretti Laura , Farruggia Piero , Colombo Federico Simone , Cattaneo Alessandra , Ghilardi Roberta , Mirra Nadia , Notarangelo Lucia Dora , Martire Baldassarre , Trombetta Elena , Milani Silvano , Vener Claudia , Rebulla Paolo 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundChronic benign neutropenia of infancy includes primary autoimmune neutropenia (pAIN) and chronic idiopathic neutropenia (CIN). A diagnosis of CIN is supported by the absence of free and/or cell‐bound neutrophil autoantibodies, which can be detected by flow cytometry with the indirect‐granulocyte immunofluorescence test (I‐GIFT) and direct‐granulocyte immunofluorescence test (D‐GIFT), respectively. Conclusive evidence is lacking on the diagnostic value of the D‐GIFT, whose performance requires specific laboratory expertise, may be logistically difficult, and hampered by very low neutrophil count in patient samples. This study investigated whether the evaluation of D‐GIFT improves the diagnostic accuracy of pediatric neutropenia.ProcedureI‐GIFT and D‐GIFT were performed in 174 pAIN, 162 CIN, 81 secondary AIN, 51 postinfection neutropenic, and 65 nonautoimmune neutropenic children referred to this laboratory during 2002–2014.ResultsUsing 90% specific median fluorescence intensity cut‐off values calculated by receiver operating characteristic curves, D‐GIFT was positive in 49% of CIN patients, who showed similar clinical features as those with pAIN. In 44 (27%) of 162 CIN patients, I‐GIFT was repeated two to three times in a year, resulting positive in 12 and two patients at second and third screening, respectively. Interestingly, 10 of the latter 14 patients showed a positive D‐GIFT at the first serological screening. False positive D‐GIFT was shown by 12% and 22% of nonneutropenic and nonautoimmune neutropenic patients, respectively.ConclusionsD‐GIFT evaluation improves the diagnostic accuracy of pediatric neutropenia, but improvement of cell‐bound antibody detection is needed to decrease false positive results.
Parents’ pain medication underdosing is associated with more emergency department visits in sickle cell disease
Authors: Morrison Andrea K. , Myrvik Matthew P. , Brousseau David C. , Drendel Amy L. , Scott J. Paul , Visotcky Alexis , Panepinto Julie A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the association between health literacy, medication knowledge, and pain treatment skills with emergency department (ED) use of parents of children with sickle cell disease (SCD).MethodsParents of children 1‐ to 12‐years‐old with SCD were enrolled. Health literacy was assessed using the Newest Vital Sign. Parents completed a structured interview assessing knowledge of the dosage and frequency of home pain medications and an applied skills task requiring them to dose a prescribed pain medication. Underdosage was defined by too small a dose (dosage error) or too infrequent a dose (frequency error). The association between medication knowledge and applied skills with ED visits for pain over the past year was evaluated using Poisson regression adjusting for genotype.ResultsOne hundred parent/child pairs were included; 50% of parents had low health literacy. Low health literacy was associated with more underdose frequency errors (38% vs. 19%, P = 0.02) on the skills task. On medication knowledge, underdose dosage errors (adjusted incidence rate ratio [aIRR] 2.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3–3.0) and underdose frequency errors (aIRR, 1.7, 95% CI 1.2–2.6) were associated with a higher rate of ED visits for pain. On the skills task, underdose dosage errors (aIRR 1.6, 95% CI 1.1‐2‐.4) and underdose frequency errors were associated with more ED visits (aIRR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1–2.1).ConclusionsFor medication knowledge and skills tasks, children of parents who underdosed pain medication had a higher rate of ED visits for pain. Health literate strategies to improve parents’ medication skills may improve pain treatment at home and decrease healthcare utilization.
A multi‐modality tracking, navigation and calibration for a flexible robotic drill system for total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Ahmad Fuad Ahmad Nazmi Bin , Deep Kamal , Yao Wei 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundThis paper presents a novel multi‐modality tracking and navigation system that provides a unique capability to guild a flexible drill tip inside the bone with accurate curved tunnelling.MethodsAs the flexible drill tip cannot be tracked optically inside the bone, this research focuses on developing a hybrid tracking and navigation system for tracking a flexible drill tip by using both optical and kinematic tracking. The tracking information is used to guide the THA (total hip arthroplasty) procedure, providing a real‐time virtual model of the flexible drill.ResultsThe flexible and steerable drill tip system is then tested on total hip arthroplasty followed by evaluation of the positioning and orientation of femoral stem placement by femoral milling.ConclusionsBased on this study, we conclude that the tracking and navigation system is able to guide the flexible drill to mill inside femoral canal.
Regioselective Synthesis of 2‐(Trifluoromethyl)‐3‐ethoxycarbonyl‐4‐(2‐oxo‐2‐arylethyl)‐4H‐chromene Derivatives by [3, 3] Sigmatropic Rearrangement
Authors: Kuchukulla Ratnakar Reddy , Desagoni Madhu , Narra Srikanth Reddy , Goutham Santhosh Kumar , Banda Narsaiah 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA new and an efficient method has been developed to synthesize ethyl 4‐(2‐oxo‐2‐arylethyl)‐2‐(trifluoromethyl)‐4H‐chromene‐3‐carboxylate derivatives 3 from 2H‐chromene 1 and aryl acetylene 2 through [3, 3] sigmatropic rearrangement in presence of catalytic amount of BF3.OEt2 (10 mol %).
Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Molecular Docking of Novel Curcumin Derivatives as Bcl‐2 Inhibitors Targeting Human Breast Cancer MCF‐7 Cells
Authors: Bhuvaneswari Kaliyan , Sivaguru Paramasivam , Lalitha Appaswami 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAn efficient one‐pot multicomponent double Michael addition strategy was developed for the synthesis of novel curcumin derivatives using 1,4‐diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane (DABCO) as the catalyst. Selected compounds (E)‐4,4′′,5′‐trihydroxy‐6′‐(3‐(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxyphenyl)acryloyl)‐3,3′′‐dimethoxy‐3′,4′‐dihydro‐[1, 1′:3′, 1′′‐terphenyl]‐2′,2′(1′H)‐dicarbonitrile (4 k) and (E)‐ethyl 2′‐cyano‐4′′,5′‐dihydroxy‐6′‐(3‐(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxyphenyl)acryloyl)‐3′′‐methoxy‐4‐methyl‐1′,2′,3′,4′‐tetrahydro‐[1, 1′:3′, 1′′‐terphenyl]‐2′‐carboxylate (6 j) were evaluated for their in‐vitro anticancer activities against human breast cancer cells (MCF‐7) and human normal breast cells (HBL 100) and found to show effective cytotoxicity on MCF‐7 cells and less cytotoxicity on HBL 100 cells than simple curcumin. In addition, molecular docking studies helped to rationalize anti‐apoptotic Bcl‐2 binding of all the synthesized compounds and revealed that the docking of compounds 4 k and 6 j with Bcl‐2 was more potent compared to curcumin.
How firms navigate cooperation and competition in nascent ecosystems
Authors: Hannah Douglas P. , Eisenhardt Kathleen M. 
Published: December 2017

Research SummaryDespite a wealth of research on competitive and cooperative strategy, gaps remain with respect to how firms successfully navigate cooperation and competition over time. This is especially true in ecosystems, in which firms depend on one another to collectively provide components and create value for consumers. Through an in‐depth multiple case study of five firms in the U.S. residential solar industry from 2007 to 2014, we induct a theoretical framework that explains how firms navigate nascent ecosystems over time. We identify three strategies, each with a distinct balance of cooperation and competition, as well as unique advantages, disadvantages, and required capabilities. Overall, we contribute to research on ecosystem strategy, crystallize the pivotal role of bottlenecks, and shed light on the dynamic interplay of cooperation and competition.Managerial SummaryCompetition and cooperation are fundamental to strategy, and often closely intertwined. But how firms navigate and balance cooperation and competition over time, especially in ecosystems where firms depend on one another to deliver value to consumers, is unclear. In this article, we conduct an in‐depth multiple‐case study of five firms in the U.S. residential solar industry to examine how firms can successfully navigate nascent ecosystems over time. We identify three distinct strategies, each with a distinct balance of cooperation and competition, and examine the unique advantages, disadvantages, and required capabilities of each. In doing so, we also contribute novel insights into the evolution of ecosystems and bottlenecks.
Does traumatic brain injury hold the key to the Alzheimer's disease puzzle?
Authors: Becker Robert E. , Kapogiannis Dimitrios , Greig Nigel H. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIntroductionNeurodegenerative disorders have been a graveyard for hundreds of well‐intentioned efforts at drug discovery and development. Concussion and other traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) share many overlapping pathologies and possible clinical links.MethodsWe searched the literature since 1995 using MEDLINE and Google Scholar for the terms concussion, AD, and shared neuropathologies. We also studied a TBI animal model as a supplement to transgenic (Tg) mouse AD models for evaluating AD drug efficacy by preventing neuronal losses. To evaluate TBI/AD pathologies and neuronal self‐induced cell death (apoptosis), we are studying brain extracellular vesicles in plasma and (‐)‐phenserine pharmacology to probe, in animal models of AD and humans, apoptosis and pathways common to concussion and AD.ResultsNeuronal cell death and a diverse and significant pathological cascade follow TBIs. Many of the developing pathologies are present in early AD. The use of an animal model of concussion as a supplement to Tg mice provides an indication of an AD drug candidate's potential for preventing apoptosis and resulting progression toward dementia in AD. This weight drop supplementation to Tg mouse models, the experimental drug (‐)‐phenserine, and plasma‐derived extracellular vesicles enriched for neuronal origin to follow biomarkers of neurodegenerative processes, each and in combination, show promise as tools useful for probing the progression of disease in AD, TBI/AD pathologies, apoptosis, and drug effects on rates of apoptosis both preclinically and in humans. (‐)‐Phenserine both countered many subacute post‐TBI pathologies that could initiate clinical AD and, in the concussion and other animal models, showed evidence consistent with direct inhibition of neuronal preprogrammed cell death in the presence of TBI/AD pathologies.DiscussionThese findings may provide support for expanding preclinical Tg mouse studies in AD with a TBI weight drop model, insights into the progression of pathological targets, their relations to apoptosis, and timing of interventions against these targets and apoptosis. Such studies may demonstrate the potential for drugs to effectively and safely inhibit preprogrammed cell death as a new drug development strategy for use in the fight to defeat AD.
Culture Process and the Interpretation of Radiocarbon Data
Authors: Freeman Jacob , Byers David A , Robinson Erick , Kelly Robert L 
Published: December 2017

AbstractOver the last decade, archaeologists have turned to large radiocarbon (14C) data sets to infer prehistoric population size and change. An outstanding question concerns just how direct of an estimate 14C dates are for human populations. In this paper we propose that 14C dates are a better estimate of energy consumption, rather than an unmediated, proportional estimate of population size. We use a parametric model to describe the relationship between population size, economic complexity and energy consumption in human societies, and then parametrize the model using data from modern contexts. Our results suggest that energy consumption scales sub-linearly with population size, which means that the analysis of a large 14C time-series has the potential to misestimate rates of population change and absolute population size. Energy consumption is also an exponential function of economic complexity. Thus, the 14C record could change semi-independent of population as complexity grows or declines. Scaling models are an important tool for stimulating future research to tease apart the different effects of population and social complexity on energy consumption, and explain variation in the forms of 14C date time-series in different regions.
Identification of quantitative trait loci underlying seed shape in soybean across multiple environments
Authors: Teng W. L. , Sui M. N. , Li W. , Wu D. P. , Zhao X. , Li H. Y. , Han Y. P. , Li W. B. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSeed shape (SS) affects the yield and appearance of soybean seeds significantly. However, little detailed information has been reported about the quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting SS, especially SS components such as seed length (SL), seed width (SW) and seed thickness (ST), and their mutual ratios of length-to-weight (SLW), length-to-thickness (SLT) and weight-to-thickness (SWT). The aim of the present study was to identify QTL underlying SS components using 129 recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between Dongnong46 and L-100. Phenotypic data were collected from this population after it was grown across nine environments. A total of 213 simple sequence repeat markers were used to construct the genetic linkage map, which covered approximately 3623·39 cM, with an average distance of 17·01 cM between markers. Five QTL were identified as being associated with SL, five with SW, three with ST, four with SLW, two with SLT and three with SWT. These QTL could explain 1·46–22·16% of the phenotypic variation in SS component traits. Three QTL were identified in more than six tested environments three for SL, two for SW, one for ST, two for SLW and one for SLT. These QTL have great potential value for marker-assistant selection of SS in soybean seeds.
MEXICO’S FOREIGN TRADE IN A TURBULENT ERA (1821-1870): A RECONSTRUCTION
Authors: Kuntz-Ficker Sandra , Tena-Junguito Antonio 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn 1821 Mexico achieved its independence from Spain. What happened in the following 50 years has become a field of dispute for economic historians. The lack of reliable quantitative information in many fields of economic activity has led to contrasting interpretations, none of which has been accepted as definitive. The aim of this paper is to reconstruct the yearly values of Mexico’s foreign trade in that period, with the purpose of providing elements to start filling this significant gap in Mexico’s historiography. It relies on official trade statistics and consular reports from Mexico’s main trading partners. It provides new series of imports and (commodity and specie) exports, and a provisional view of the balance of trade for most of the 1821-1870 period.
Road map to clean energy using laser beam ignition of boron-hydrogen fusion
Authors: Hora H. , Eliezer S. , Kirchhoff G.J. , Nissim N. , Wang J.X. , Lalousis P. , Xu Y.X. , Miley G.H. , Martinez-Val J.M. , McKenzie W. , Kirchhoff J. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWith the aim to overcome the problems of climatic changes and rising ocean levels, one option is to produce large-scale sustainable energy by nuclear fusion of hydrogen and other very light nuclei similar to the energy source of the sun. Sixty years of worldwide research for the ignition of the heavy hydrogen isotopes deuterium (D) and tritium (T) have come close to a breakthrough for ignition. The problem with the DT fusion is that generated neutrons are producing radioactive waste. One exception as the ideal clean fusion process – without neutron production – is the fusion of hydrogen (H) with the boron isotope11B11 (B11). In this paper, we have mapped out our research based on recent experiments and simulations for a new energy source. We suggest how HB11 fusion for a reactor can be used instead of the DT option. We have mapped out our HB11 fusion in the following way: (i) The acceleration of a plasma block with a laser beam with the power and time duration of the order of 10 petawatts and one picosecond accordingly. (ii) A plasma confinement by a magnetic field of the order of a few kiloteslas created by a second laser beam with a pulse duration of a few nanoseconds (ns). (iii) The highly increased fusion of HB11 relative to present DT fusion is possible due to the alphas avalanche created in this process. (iv) The conversion of the output charged alpha particles directly to electricity. (v) To prove the above ideas, our simulations show for example that 14 milligram HB11 can produce 300 kWh energy if all achieved results are combined for the design of an absolutely clean power reactor producing low-cost energy.
Attachment security moderates the link between adverse childhood experiences and cellular aging
Authors: Dagan Or , Asok Arun , Steele Howard , Steele Miriam , Bernard Kristin 
Published: December 2017

AbstractExposure to childhood adversity has been linked to accelerated telomere shortening, a marker of cellular aging and an indicator of physical health risk. In the current study, we examined whether adult attachment representation moderated the association between childhood adversity and telomere length. Participants included 78 young adults (M age = 20.46, SD = 1.57), who reported on their exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACE) and were administered the Adult Attachment Interview, which was coded for attachment state of mind. Relative telomere length was assayed from buccal cells. Multiple regression analyses revealed a significant interaction between attachment state of mind and ACE in predicting telomere length. Whereas the association between number of ACE and telomere length was nonsignificant for secure–autonomous, r (50) = –.15, p = .31, and insecure–preoccupied young adults, r (9) = –.15, p = .71, there was a strong negative association between number of ACE and telomere length for insecure–dismissing young adults, r (19) = –.59, p = .007. This study is novel in demonstrating that attachment may affect biological resilience following childhood adversity, contributing to the growing literature about the role of the quality of early caregiving experiences and their representations in shaping biological processes and physical health.
Extracellular vesicles from human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hiPSC-MSCs) protect against renal ischemia/reperfusion injury via delivering specificity protein (SP1) and transcriptional activating of sphingosine kinase 1 and inhibiting necroptosis
Authors: Yuan Xiaodong , Li Dawei , Chen Xiaosong , Han Conghui , Xu Longmei , Huang Tao , Dong Zhen , Zhang Ming 
Published: December 2017

AbstractRenal ischemia-reperfusion is a main cause of acute kidney injury (AKI), which is associated with high mortality. Here we show that extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted from hiPSC-MSCs play a critical role in protection against renal I/R injury. hiPSC-MSCs-EVs can fuse with renal cells and deliver SP1 into target cells, subsequently active SK1 expression and increase S1P formation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analyses and luciferase assay were used to confirm SP1 binds directly to the SK1 promoter region and promote promoter activity. Moreover, SP1 inhibition (MIT) or SK1 inhibition (SKI-II) completely abolished the renal protective effect of hiPSC-MSCs-EVs in rat I/R injury mode. However, pre-treatment of necroptosis inhibitor Nec-1 showed no difference with the administration of hiPSC-MSCs-EVs only. We then generated an SP1 knockout hiPSC-MSC cell line by CRISPR/Cas9 system and found that SP1 knockout failed to show the protective effect of hiPSC-MSCs-EVs unless restoring the level of SP1 by Ad-SP1 in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, this study describes an anti-necroptosis effect of hiPSC-MSCs-EVs against renal I/R injury via delivering SP1 into target renal cells and intracellular activating the expression of SK1 and the generation of S1P. These findings suggest a novel mechanism for renal protection against I/R injury, and indicate a potential therapeutic approach for a variety of renal diseases and renal transplantation.