bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Analysis of Gene Expression between Cartilage and Menisci in Early-Phase Osteoarthritis of the Knee—An Animal Model Study
Authors: Endo Jun , Akagi Ryuichiro , Muramatsu Yuta , Watanabe Atsuya , Akatsu Yorikazu , Fukawa Taisuke , Tahara Masamichi , Yamaguchi Satoshi , Sasho Takahisa 
Published: September 2017

AbstractCartilage degeneration is believed to be the primary event in the development of osteoarthritis (OA). On the other hand, meniscal degeneration is observed with high prevalence, and some researchers have pointed out that pathological changes in menisci precede that of cartilage. The purpose of the present study is to investigate comprehensive gene expression pattern of cartilage and menisci in the initial phase of surgically induced OA and to compare them. Secondary OA was surgically induced in 10-week-old male Wistar rats by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT). Articular cartilage and menisci were separately dissected from six ACLT- and six sham-operated rats. Each specimen was analyzed by microarray, histological, and immunohistochemical analysis 3 weeks after surgery.
Of the 36,685 transcripts detectable by microarray, the number of upregulated transcripts in ACLT menisci was >2.5-fold compared with that in ACLT menisci in any given threshold. Cluster analysis using the Database for Annotation Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) showed genes related to OA, such as response to stimulus, angiogenesis, and apoptosis, which were predominantly found in menisci in ACLT rats. Representative proteases including Adamts2, 4, Mmp2, 12, 13, 14, 16, extracellular matrix genes including versican (Vcan), lumican (Lum), syndecan1 (Sdc1), and Prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase2 (Ptgs2) were up-regulated in menisci, but were not up-regulated in cartilage. Our results indicated that the molecular changes that occurred in menisci preceded those occurred in cartilage in the very early phase of surgically induced OA models.
Talonavicular Coalition as a Cause of Foot Pain
Authors: Macera Armando , Teodonno Francesca , Carulli Christian , Frances Borrego Alberto , Innocenti Massimo 
Published: September 2017

AbstractTarsal coalitions have an incidence of 2% and are often underdiagnosed. These are considered to be one of the causes of chronic ankle and foot pain. Among all tarsal coalitions, the talonavicular type represents a rare and uncommon condition. The purpose of this article was to present the case of a 35-year-old male patient with a bilateral talonavicular coalition treated conservatively. A review of the literature was also performed to understand the management of this rare condition.
Sinnvolle Steroidprophylaxe bei drohender Frühgeburt – State of the art
Authors: Stavropoulou Dimitra , Hentschel Roland 
Published: September 2017

ZusammenfassungDie vorliegende Arbeit versucht, anhand der aktuellen Literatur eine Übersicht über die zurzeit geltenden Empfehlungen zur sinnvollen Lungenreife-Induktionstherapie zu geben. Fokussiert wird insbesondere auf spezielle Situationen, wie die Chorioamnionitis, die intrauterine Wachstumsretardierung und die Präeklampsie, die gehäuft zu einer Frühgeburt führen. Zusätzlich werden Aspekte der antenatalen Steroidtherapie erläutert, die trotz der weit verbreiteten Anwendung noch einer Klärung bedürfen. Darunter fällt insbesondere die repetitive Gabe der Steroidtherapie. Anhand der Cochrane Analyse vom 2015 werden Vor- und Nachteile für die Kinder und die Schwangeren erläutert. Ungenügend sind weiterhin die Daten über die Anwendung der antenatalen Steroidtherapie bei Mehrlingsschwangerschaften.
Biologische Rekonstruktion lokalisiert vollschichtiger Knorpelschäden des Hüftgelenks: Empfehlungen der Arbeitsgemeinschaft „Klinische Geweberegeneration“ der DGOU und des Hüftkomitees der AGA
Authors: Fickert Stefan , Aurich Matthias , Albrecht Dirk , Angele Peter , Büchler Lorenz , Dienst Michael , Erggelet Christoph , Fritz Jürgen , Gebhart Christoph , Gollwitzer Hans , Kindler Moritz , Lampert Christoph , Madry Henning , Möckel Gregor , Niemeyer Phillip , Schröder Jörg , Sobau Christian , Spahn Gunter , Zinser Wolfgang , Landgraeber Stefan 
Published: September 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Symptomatisch präarthrotische Deformitäten wie das femoroazetabuläre Impingement (FAI) oder die Hüftdysplasie führen häufig zu lokalisierten Knorpeldefekten und nachfolgend zur Entstehung einer Koxarthrose. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden die derzeitigen Methoden und Erkenntnisse zur Diagnose und operativen Behandlung von Knorpelläsionen dargestellt, um hieraus geeignete Therapieempfehlungen für das Hüftgelenk abzuleiten.
Material und Methoden Übersichtsarbeit zur Ätiologie und Therapie von Knorpelschäden am Hüftgelenk unter Berücksichtigung der aktuellen Literatur mit Darstellung der Studienlage und der Diskussion von Vor- und Nachteilen verschiedener operativer Verfahren zum Gelenkerhalt.
Ergebnisse In den meisten der bisher publizierten Studien zur operativen Behandlung von Knorpelschäden des Hüftgelenks wurden Defekte behandelt, die am Azetabulum durch ein FAI vom Cam-Typ ausgelöst werden. Ihre Entstehung kann durch rechtzeitige Beseitigung der pathologisch relevanten Deformitäten verhindert werden. Für die Therapie bereits bestehender vollschichtiger Knorpelläsionen werden derzeit fast ausschließlich knochenmarkstimulierende Techniken und die matrixgekoppelte autologe Knorpelzelltransplantation (MACT) eingesetzt. Für die Hüfte existieren zu diesen Verfahren bisher nur Studien auf geringem Evidenzniveau, was vor allem in der noch jungen Historie der Knorpelchirurgie in diesem Gelenk begründet ist. Allerdings ist schon jetzt zu erkennen, dass sich einige Erfahrungen mit den genannten Methoden vom Knie auf die Hüfte übertragen lassen.
Schlussfolgerung Bei umschriebenen und vollschichtigen Knorpelschäden ab 1,5 – 2 cm2 stellt die MACT das zu bevorzugende Therapieverfahren dar, sofern keine wesentliche Gelenkdegeneration besteht. Ähnlich wie im Knie kann keine gesicherte obere Altersgrenze für einen gelenkerhaltenden Eingriff oder eine MACT im Hüftgelenk festgelegt werden, da das numerische nicht zwangsläufig mit dem biologischen Patientenalter bzw. Gelenkzustand korreliert. Wie für andere Gelenke auch, sind Langzeitbeobachtungen und die Durchführung prospektiv randomisierter Studien anzuraten.
Risk of colorectal cancer after a negative colonoscopy in low-to-moderate risk individuals: impact of a 10-year colonoscopy
Authors: Murthy Sanjay , Dubé Catherine , Rostom Alaa , Benchimol Eric , Ducharme Robin , Sutradhar Rinku , Rabeneck Linda , Paszat Lawrence , Tinmouth Jill 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Background and study aims National societies recommend colorectal cancer (CRC) screening 10 years after a normal (“negative”) colonoscopy in low-risk individuals. We studied the impact of a 10-year repeat colonoscopy on the risk of early incident CRC.
Patients and methods We used health administrative data from Ontario, Canada, to conduct a population-based retrospective cohort study in 50 – 74-year-old individuals at low-to-moderate risk of CRC who had a negative colonoscopy between 1996 and 2001. We approximated exposure to repeat colonoscopy using an 8 – 12-year window. We excluded individuals who underwent lower endoscopy or colectomy, developed CRC, or were lost to follow-up between the baseline and repeat colonoscopies. We matched exposed individuals 1:1 to individuals who did not undergo lower endoscopy within 12 years for age, sex, and calendar year of baseline colonoscopy, and followed matched pairs for incident CRC. The primary analysis was multivariable hazards regression, adjusting for competing risks.
Results A total of 13 350 matched pairs were observed for a median of 4.5 years (interquartile range 3.2 – 5.9 years). The cumulative probability of CRC following the matching date was 0.70 % (95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.42 % – 1.11 %) in individuals who underwent repeat colonoscopy and 0.77 % (95 %CI 0.48 % – 1.2 %) in individuals who did not undergo repeat colonoscopy. The adjusted hazard ratio for CRC was 0.91 (95 %CI 0.68 – 1.22).
Conclusions We did not find an association between a second colonoscopy performed 10 years after a negative colonoscopy and early incident CRC. Our findings support the need for further studies on the utility of 10-year re-screening with colonoscopy in this setting.
Die EXIT-Prozedur – eine Option bei der Erstversorgung von Kindern mit schwerem Hydrops fetalis und beidseitigem Hydrothorax
Authors: Koch Sandra , Essers Jochen , Beringer Ortraud , Reister Frank , Hummler Helmut , Moewes Anja 
Published: September 2017

ZusammenfassungDie EXIT (ex utero intrapartum treatment)-Prozedur ist ein etabliertes Verfahren der Atemwegssicherung, ursprünglich angewendet bei der Entbindung von Feten mit angeborenen obstruktiven Atemwegserkrankungen (Tumore im Halsbereich, Hygrome, sogenanntes congenital high airway obstruction syndrome (CHAOS)). Mittlerweile wird das Verfahren auch bei ausgeprägten Zwerchfellhernien oder anderen speziellen Indikationen (EXIT to ECMO, kongenitale Lungen-Atemwegsmalformationen (CCAM)), Pulmonalatresie) in großen Perinatalzentren durchgeführt. Wir stellen unsere Erfahrungen mit adaptiertem EXIT-Verfahren bei 5 Frühgeborenen mit sekundär generalisiertem Hydrops fetalis und ausgeprägten beidseitigen Hydrothoraces vor.
Infiltrating Mammary Duct Adenocarcinoma in the Right Labia Majora Along the Milk-Line
Authors: Torky Haitham , Elshenawy Anwar , Eesa Ahmed 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Introduction Breast tissue rarely arises from the vulva and malignancy might develop in it.
Case Thirty-eight-year-old woman presented with a suspicious ulcer in the right labia majora discovered accidently and removed by wide local excision. Histopathology revealed infiltrating mammary duct adenocarcinoma along the milk line. Immunohistochemistry was positive for estrogen and progesterone receptors and equivocal overexpression for HER2 protein with a score of 2+. Metastatic work-up was clear. Inguinal lymph nodes were enlarged and lymphadenectomy done which showed positive lymph nodes on the right side and none on the left. She is receiving adjuvant therapy.
Conclusion Mammary duct carcinoma along the nipple line is rare but should be considered when dealing with suspicious vulvar lesions.
Multidecadal anomalies of Bohai Sea ice cover and potential climate driving factors during 1988–2015
Authors: Yan Yu , Shao Dongdong , Gu Wei , Liu Chengyu , Li Qian , Chao Jinlong , Tao Jun , Xu Yingjun 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Despite the backdrop of continuous global warming, sea ice extent has been found not to consistently decrease across the globe, and instead exhibit heterogeneous variability at middle to high latitudes. However, the existing studies are focused primarily on high latitude frozen seas, while studies on the long-term variability of sea ice cover at middle latitudes are generally lacking. Afforded by continuous satellite imagery, evolution of sea ice cover over nearly three decades from 1988 to 2015 in the Bohai Sea as a peculiar mid-latitude frozen sea area is reported for the first time. An anomalous trend of slight overall increase of 1.38 ± 1.00% yr–1 (R = 1.38, i.e. at a statistical significance of 80%) in Bohai Sea ice extent was observed over the 28 year period. The detrended annual average ice area (AAIA) was further found to correlate with a slight decreasing mean ice-period average temperature (IAT, r = –0.58, p < 0.01) of 11 meteorological stations around the Bohai Sea as well as a mild increasing cumulative freezing degree days (CFDD, r = 0.65, p < 0.01). Correlation with decreasing Arctic Oscillation (AO) index (r = –0.60, p < 0.01) and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index (r = –0.69, p < 0.01) over the study period suggested AO and NAO as the primary large-scale climate factors for Bohai Sea ice. In addition, the seasonal cycle of ice cover showed a single peak with longer freezing phase than melting phase, due to the different temperature change rate during the freezing and melting phases. The results can provide important references for monitoring the recent climate change in the region and beyond.
Was it worthwhile? Where have the benefits of rooftop solar photovoltaic generation exceeded the cost?
Authors: Vaishnav Parth , Horner Nathaniel , Azevedo Inês L 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
We estimate the lifetime magnitude and distribution of the private and public benefits and costs of currently installed distributed solar PV systems in the United States. Using data for recently-installed systems, we estimate the balance of benefits and costs associated with installing a non-utility solar PV system today. We also study the geographical distribution of the various subsidies that are made available to owners of rooftop solar PV systems, and compare it to distributions of population and income. We find that, after accounting for federal subsidies and local rebates and assuming a discount rate of 7%, the private benefits of new installations will exceed private costs only in seven of the 19 states for which we have data and only if customers can sell excess power to the electric grid at the retail price. These states are characterized by abundant sunshine (California, Texas and Nevada) or by high electricity prices (New York). Public benefits from reduced air pollution and climate change impact exceed the costs of the various subsidies offered system owners for less than 10% of the systems installed, even assuming a 2% discount rate. Subsidies flowed disproportionately to counties with higher median incomes in 2006. In 2014, the distribution of subsidies was closer to that of population income, but subsidies still flowed disproportionately to the better-off. The total, upfront, subsidy per kilowatt of installed capacity has fallen from $5200 in 2006 to $1400 in 2014, but the absolute magnitude of subsidy has soared as installed capacity has grown explosively. We see considerable differences in the balance of costs and benefits even within states, indicating that local factors such as system price and solar resource are important, and that policies (e.g. net metering) could be made more efficient by taking local conditions into account.
Strong magnetic field generated by the extreme oxygen-rich red supergiant VY Canis Majoris
Authors: Shinnaga Hiroko , Claussen Mark J. , Yamamoto Satoshi , Shimojo Masumi 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Evolved stars experience high mass-loss rates forming thick circumstellar envelopes (CSEs). The circumstellar material is made of the result of stellar nucleosynthesis and, as such, plays a crucial role in the chemical evolution of galaxies and the universe. Since asymmetric geometries of CSEs are common, and with very complex structures for some cases, radiative pressure from the stars can explain only a small portion of the mass-loss processes; thus the essential driving mechanism is still unknown, particularly for high-mass stars. Here we report on magnetic field measurements associated with the well-known extreme red supergiant (RSG) VY Canis Majoris (VY CMa). We measured the linear polarization and the Zeeman splitting of the SiO v = 0, J = 1–0 transition using a sensitive radio interferometer. The measured magnetic field strengths are surprisingly high; their upper limits range between 150 and 650 G within 530 au (∼80 R*) of the star. The lower limit of the field strength is expected to be at least ∼10 G based on the high degree of linear polarization. Since the field strengths are very high, the magnetic field must be a key element in understanding the stellar evolution of VY CMa, as well as the dynamical and chemical evolution of the complex CSE of the star. M-type RSGs, with large stellar surface, were thought to be very slow rotators. This would seem to make a dynamo in operation difficult, and would also dilute any fossil magnetic field. At least for VY CMa, we expect that powerful dynamo processes must still be active to generate the intense magnetic field.
A Systematic Review of NMDA Receptor Antagonists for Treatment of Neuropathic Pain in Clinical Practice
Authors: Aiyer Rohit , Mehta Neel , Gungor Semih , Gulati Amitabh 
Published: September 2017

Objective:
To investigate the efficacy of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonists for neuropathic pain (NeuP) and review literature to determine if specific pharmacologic agents provide adequate NeuP relief.

Methods:
Literature was reviewed on PubMed using a variety of key words for 8 NMDAR antagonists. These key words include: “Ketamine and Neuropathy,” “Ketamine and Neuropathic Pain,” “Methadone and Neuropathy,” “Methadone and Neuropathic Pain,” “Memantine and Neuropathic pain,” “Memantine and Neuropathy,” “Amantadine and Neuropathic Pain,” “Amantadine and Neuropathy,” “Dextromethorphan and Neuropathic Pain,” “Dextromethorphan and Neuropathy,” “Carbamazepine and Neuropathic Pain,” “Carbamazepine and Neuropathy,” “Valproic Acid and Neuropathy,” “Valproic Acid and Neuropathic Pain,” “Phenytoin and Neuropathy,” and “Phenytoin and Neuropathic Pain.” With the results, the papers were reviewed using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting in Systematic and Meta-Analyses) guideline.

Results:
A total of 58 randomized controlled trials were reviewed among 8 pharmacologic agents, which are organized by date and alphabetical order. Of the trials for ketamine, 15 showed some benefit for analgesia. Methadone had 3 positive trials, while amantadine and memantine each only had 2 trials showing NeuP analgesic properties. Dextromethorphan and valproic acid both had 4 randomized controlled trials that showed some NeuP treatment benefit while carbamazepine had over 8 trials showing efficacy. Finally, phenytoin only had 1 trial that showed clinical response in treatment.

Conclusions:
There are a variety of NMDAR antagonist agents that should be considered for treatment of NeuP. Nevertheless, continued and further investigation of the 8 pharmacologic agents is needed to continue to evaluate their efficacy for treatment of NeuP.
Adding Prefrontal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Before Occipital Nerve Stimulation in Fibromyalgia
Authors: Yoo Hye Bin , Ost Jan , Joos Wim , Van Havenbergh Tony , De Ridder Dirk , Vanneste Sven 
Published: September 2017

Objectives:
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a type of chronic musculoskeletal pain without a clear peripheral origin of nociception, often associated with depression. The underlying pathophysiology involves changes in a functional network that is related to pain and emotional processing in the central nervous system. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) targeting the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex or the occipital nerve (ON) is a noninvasive neuromodulation technique capable of improving fibromyalgia symptoms. This study aims to test the effect of combining 2 targets of stimulation using tDCS.

Materials and Methods:
We applied ON-tDCS in isolation or coupled with pre-ONS right-anode bifrontal tDCS and assessed its effect on fibromyalgia using the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory, and Numeric Rating Scale for pain scores. These measures were compared with a sham control group using repeated measures analysis of variance.

Results:
The interaction effect of stimulation trials and the protocols of sham versus ON-tDCS were significant for the impact, distress, and pain caused by fibromyalgia (P<0.05). The interaction effect of trials and protocols of sham versus ON-tDCS with bifrontal tDCS was significant for distress (P<0.01), and it showed a trend of improvement for impact and pain (P<0.1). On the basis of the nonsignificant interaction effect of ON-tDCS versus ON-tDCS with bifrontal tDCS (P>0.1), adding bifrontal tDCS was found not to improve the treatment effect of ON-tDCS in any of the tested clinical outcome measures.

Discussion:
This study suggests that adding right-anode bifrontal tDCS to ONS has no added benefit in improving fibromyalgia-related symptoms.
Pain in Children With Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Genik Lara M. , McMurtry C. Meghan , Breau Lynn M. , Lewis Stephen P. , Freedman-Kalchman Tamlyn 
Published: September 2017

Introduction:
Pain in children with intellectual disabilities (ID) is common and complex, yet there is no standard pain training for their secondary caregivers (ie, respite staff).

Objectives:
Determine perceived pain training needs/preferences of children’s respite staff (phase 1) and, use this information combined with extant research and guidelines to develop and pilot a training (phase 2).

Methods:
In phase 1, 22 participants responded to questionnaires and engaged in individual interviews/focus groups about their experiences with pain in children with ID, and perceived training needs/preferences. In phase 2, 50 participants completed knowledge measures and rated the feasibility of, and their own confidence and skill in, pain assessment and management for children with ID immediately before and after completing a pain training. They also completed a training evaluation.

Results:
Participants viewed pain training as beneficial. Their ideal training involved a half-day, multifaceted in-person program with a relatively small group of trainees incorporating a variety of learning activities, and an emphasis on active learning. Phase 2 results suggested that completion of the 3 to 3.5-hour pain training significantly increased respite workers’ pain-related knowledge (effect sizes: r=0.81 to 0.88), as well as their ratings of the feasibility of, and their own confidence and skill in, pain assessment and management in children with ID (effect sizes: r=0.41 to 0.70). The training was rated favorably.

Discussion:
Training can positively impact respite workers’ knowledge and perceptions about pain assessment and management. As such, they may be better equipped to care for children with ID in this area.