bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mimicking physiological flow conditions to study alterations of bioactive glass surfaces in vitro
Authors: Höner Miriam , Böke Frederik , Weber Michael , Fischer Horst 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBioactive glasses form a strong bond with surrounding tissue and slowly degrade when implanted in vivo, stimulating the host bone to regenerate itself. We investigated the behaviour of microstructured bioactive glass surfaces (13–93) in an SBF reactor, which mimics physiological flow conditions. The structures were developed to potentially influence cell‐biological long term processes such as osteogenic differentiation. It is therefore important that the structures withstand a certain time in SBF or body fluids. The experiments revealed that these structures were preserved up to 30 days. Although macroscopically stable, mass loss under flowing conditions was 2–2.5%, in contrast to <1% under static conditions. Polished samples in flowing medium lost 2.7% up to day 7 and then regained mass, resulting in overall 0.5% mass loss after 30 days. Thicker calcium phosphate rich layers for the samples in flowing medium were detected, demonstrating better bone bonding capacity than predicted conventionally. The hydroxyapatite conversion in the reactor was comparable to published in vivo data. We conclude that surface alterations that occur in vivo can be better mimicked by using the proposed flow bioreactor than by the established SBF method in static medium. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 228–236, 2018.
Evaluation of wrought Zn–Al alloys (1, 3, and 5 wt % Al) through mechanical and in vivo testing for stent applications
Authors: Bowen Patrick K. , Seitz Jan‐Marten , Guillory Roger J. , Braykovich Jacob P. , Zhao Shan , Goldman Jeremy , Drelich Jaroslaw W. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractSpecial high grade zinc and wrought zinc‐aluminum (Zn–Al) alloys containing up to 5.5 wt % Al were processed, characterized, and implanted in rats in search of a new family of alloys with possible applications as bioabsorbable endovascular stents. These materials retained roll‐induced texture with an anisotropic distribution of the second‐phase Al precipitates following hot‐rolling, and changes in lattice parameters were observed with respect to Al content. Mechanical properties for the alloys fell roughly in line with strength (190–240 MPa yield strength; 220–300 MPa ultimate tensile strength) and elongation (15–30%) benchmarks, and favorable elastic ranges (0.19–0.27%) were observed. Intergranular corrosion was observed during residence of Zn–Al alloys in the murine aorta, suggesting a different corrosion mechanism than that of pure zinc. This mode of failure needs to be avoided for stent applications because the intergranular corrosion caused cracking and fragmentation of the implants, although the composition of corrosion products was roughly identical between non‐ and Al‐containing materials. In spite of differences in corrosion mechanisms, the cross‐sectional reduction of metals in murine aorta was nearly identical at 30–40% and 40–50% after 4.5 and 6 months, respectively, for pure Zn and Zn–Al alloys. Histopathological analysis and evaluation of arterial tissue compatibility around Zn–Al alloys failed to identify areas of necrosis, though both chronic and acute inflammatory indications were present. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 245–258, 2018.
Chitosan coatings with enhanced biostability in vivo
Authors: Gallyamov Marat O. , Chaschin Ivan S. , Bulat Matvey V. , Bakuleva Natalia P. , Badun Gennadii A. , Chernysheva Maria G. , Kiselyova Olga I. , Khokhlov Alexei R. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn this article, we study the stability of chitosan coatings applied on glutaraldehyde‐stabilized bovine pericardium when exposed to biodegradation in vivo in the course of model subcutaneous tests on rats. The coatings were deposited from carbonic acid solutions, that is, H2O saturated with CO2 at high pressure. Histological sections of treated pericardium samples demonstrated that the structure of pericardial connective tissues was not significantly altered by the coating application method. It was revealed that the dynamics of biodegradation depended on the total mass of chitosan applied as well as on the DDA of chitosan used. As long as the amount of chitosan did not exceed a certain threshold limit, no detectable degradation occurred within the time of the tests (12 weeks for the rat model). For higher chitosan amounts, we detected a ∼20% reduction of the mass after the in vivo exposition. The presumed mechanism of such behavior is discussed. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 270–277, 2018.
Development of an electrospun biomimetic polyurea scaffold suitable for vascular grafting
Authors: Madhavan Krishna , Frid Maria G. , Hunter Kendall , Shandas Robin , Stenmark Kurt R. , Park Daewon 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe optimization of biomechanical and biochemical properties of a vascular graft to render properties relevant to physiological environments is a major challenge today. These critical properties of a vascular graft not only regulate its stability and integrity, but also control invasion of cells for scaffold remodeling permitting its integration with native tissue. In this work, we have synthesized a biomimetic scaffold by electrospinning a blend of a polyurea, poly(serinol hexamethylene urea) (PSHU), and, a polyester, poly‐ε‐caprolactone (PCL). Mechanical properties of the scaffold were varied by varying polymer blending ratio and electrospinning flow rate. Mechanical characterization revealed that scaffolds with lower PSHU content relative to PCL content resulted in elasticity close to native mammalian arteries. We also found that increasing electrospinning flow rates also increased the elasticity of the matrix. Optimization of elasticity generated scaffolds that enabled vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) to adhere, grow and maintain a SMC phenotype. The 30/70 scaffold also underwent slower degradation than scaffolds with higher PSHU content, thereby, providing the best option forin vivoremodeling. Further, Gly‐Arg‐Gly‐Asp‐Ser (RGD) covalently conjugated to the polyurea backbone in 30/70 scaffold resulted in significantly increased clotting times. Reducing surface thrombogenicity by the conjugation of RGD is critical to avoiding intimal hyperplasia. Hence, biomechanical and biochemical properties of a vascular graft can be balanced by optimizing synthesis parameters and constituent components. For these reasons, the optimized RGD‐conjugated 30/70 scaffold electrospun at 2.5 or 5 mL/h has great potential as a suitable material for vascular grafting applications. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 278–290, 2018.
Relation between brown adipose tissue and measures of obesity and metabolic dysfunction in patients with cardiovascular disease
Authors: Franssens Bas T. , Hoogduin Hans , Leiner Tim , van der Graaf Yolanda , Visseren Frank L.J. 
Published: January 2017

PurposeTo evaluate whether brown adipose tissue (BAT) is present in middle‐aged patients with cardiovascular comorbidities and to quantify how BAT presence associates with obesity and metabolic dysfunction.Materials and MethodsSupraclavicular and subcutaneous adipose tissue fat‐signal‐fraction (FF) was determined with 1.5T water–fat magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 50 patients with coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, or peripheral artery disease. The association between BAT presence, as measured by a higher FF difference between supraclavicular and subcutaneous adipose tissue, and obesity and metabolic dysfunction was quantified using multivariable linear regression.ResultsSupraclavicular adipose tissue displays a lower FF of 82.6% (interquartile range [IQR] 78.8–84.3) compared to 90.2% (IQR 87.3–91.9) in subcutaneous white adipose tissue (WAT, P < 0.0001). BAT presence was associated with less obesity and metabolic dysfunction. For example, 1 SD lower waist circumference (11.7 cm), 1 SD lower triglycerides (1.0 mmol/L), and absence of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes were associated with 1.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.1; 2.0), 1.1% (95% CI 0.1; 2.0), 2.1% (95% CI 0.1; 4.1), and 4.1% (95% CI 0.1; 7.1) higher FF difference between supraclavicular adipose tissue and subcutaneous WAT, respectively.ConclusionSupraclavicular adipose tissue has BAT characteristics in adult patients with clinical manifest cardiovascular disease and BAT presence is associated with less obesity and a more favorable metabolic profile.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2017;46:497–504
MR measurement of luminal water in prostate gland: Quantitative correlation between MRI and histology
Authors: Sabouri Shirin , Fazli Ladan , Chang Silvia D. , Savdie Richard , Jones Edward C. , Goldenberg S. Larry , Black Peter C. , Kozlowski Piotr 
Published: January 2017

PurposeTo determine the relationship between parameters measured from luminal water imaging (LWI), a new magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T2 mapping technique, and the corresponding tissue composition in prostate.Materials and MethodsIn all, 17 patients with prostate cancer were examined with a 3D multiecho spin echo sequence at 3T prior to undergoing radical prostatectomy. Maps of seven MR parameters, called N, T2‐short, T2‐long, Ashort, Along, geometric mean T2 time (gmT2), and luminal water fraction (LWF), were generated using nonnegative least squares (NNLS) analysis of the T2 decay curves. MR parametric maps were correlated to digitized whole‐mount histology sections. Percentage area of tissue components, including luminal space, nuclei, and cytoplasm plus stroma, was measured on the histology sections by using color‐based image segmentation. Spearman's rank correlation test was used to evaluate the correlation between MR parameters and the corresponding tissue components, with particular attention paid to the correlation between LWF and percentage area of luminal space.ResultsN, T2‐short, Along, gmT2, and LWF showed significant correlation (P < 0.05) with percentage area of luminal space and stroma plus cytoplasm. T2‐short and gmT2 also showed significant correlation (P < 0.05) with percentage area of nuclei. Overall, the strongest correlation was observed between LWF and luminal space (Spearman's coefficient of rank correlation = 0.75, P < 0.001).ConclusionResults of this study show that LWF measured with MRI is strongly correlated with the fractional amount of luminal space in prostatic tissue. This result suggests that LWI can potentially be applied for evaluation of prostatic diseases in which the extent of luminal space differs between normal and abnormal tissues.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy: Stage 1J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2017;46:861–869
Inflammatory potential of the diet and mortality in the Spanish cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC‐Spain)
Authors: Agudo Antonio , Masegú Raquel , Bonet Catalina , Jakszyn Paula , Quirós J. Ramon , Ardanaz Eva , Moreno‐Iribas Conchi , Barricarte Aurelio , Amiano Pilar , Arriola Larraitz , Chamosa Saioa , Dorronsoro Miren , Larrañaga Nerea , Navarro Carmen , Chirlaque María‐Dolores , Cirera Lluís , Gavrila Diana , Huerta José‐María , Rodríguez‐Barranco Miguel , Molina‐Portillo Elena , Sánchez María‐José 
Published: January 2017

ScopeLow‐grade chronic inflammation is associated with several chronic conditions, and diet is known to play a role in chronic inflammation. We aimed to evaluate the association between the inflammatory potential of the diet and mortality in the Spanish population from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC‐Spain).Methods and resultsThe study included 41 199 participants (62% female) aged 29–69 years from five Spanish regions. During 18 years of follow‐up 3316 deaths were identified. The dietary inflammatory potential was assessed by means of an inflammatory score of the diet (ISD), calculated using 30 dietetic components and their corresponding inflammatory scores (weights). The association between the ISD and mortality was analyzed by multivariate Cox regression models. There was a significant association between ISD and mortality: subjects classified in the fifth quintile of the ISD (more proinflammatory diets) had a hazard ratio of 1.42 (95%‐confidence interval 1.25–1.60) as compared with those in the first quintile; the corresponding figures were 1.89 (1.48–2.40) for cardiovascular diseases mortality and 1.44 (1.22–1.69) for death by cancer.ConclusionConsuming more proinflammatory diets, expressed by means of the ISD, is associated with higher mortality; this effect seems to be stronger for deaths by cardiovascular diseases.
Variations in dietary intake and plasma concentrations of plant sterols across plant‐based diets among North American adults
Authors: Jaceldo‐Siegl Karen , Lütjohann Dieter , Sirirat Rawiwan , Mashchak Andrew , Fraser Gary E. , Haddad Ella 
Published: January 2017

ScopePhytosterols are bioactive compounds in plants with similar cholesterol‐lowering properties as vegetarian diets. However, information on phytosterol intake and plasma plant sterols among vegetarians is sparse.Methods and resultsWe examined dietary intake and plasma concentration of plant sterols and cholesterol across five dietary patterns in the Adventist Health Study‐2 Calibration Sub‐study (n = 861, 66% females, average age 61 years). To measure intake and plasma concentrations of these compounds, we used 24‐h dietary recalls and gas‐liquid chromatography‐flame ionization detection, respectively. Mean (SD) total phytosterol and cholesterol intake were 363 (176) mg/day and 131 (111) mg/day; plasma β‐sitosterol, campesterol, and cholesterol were 3.3 (1.7) μg/mL, 4.2 (2.3) μg/mL, and 1.9 (0.4) mg/mL, respectively. Total phytosterol intake was lowest among non‐vegetarians (263 mg/day) and highest among vegans (428 mg/day) (p < 0.0001). Cholesterol intake was lowest among vegans (15.2 mg/day) and highest among non‐vegetarians (124.6 mg/day) (p < 0.0001). Plasma plant sterols and cholesterol did not differ by diet. Cholesterol‐adjusted plasma β‐sitosterol and campesterol were significantly higher in Blacks than Whites, though no ethnic differences were observed in dietary intake of these plant sterols.ConclusionDietary intake but not plasma concentration of plant sterols and cholesterol varies across distinct plant‐based diets.
Neurocognitive outcomes among children who experienced seizures during treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Nassar Stephanie L. , Conklin Heather M. , Zhou Yinmei , Ashford Jason M. , Reddick Wilburn E. , Glass John O. , Laningham Fred H. , Jeha Sima , Cheng Cheng , Pui Ching‐Hon 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundLimited information is available regarding neurocognitive outcomes of children who experience seizures during treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Accordingly, the main objectives of this study were to determine the incidence and risk factors for treatment‐related seizures among children with ALL, and the neurocognitive outcomes associated with treatment‐related seizures.ProcedureProspective neuropsychological assessment and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were planned for all 498 patients with newly diagnosed ALL enrolled on the St. Jude Total Therapy XV (TOTXV) protocol at three time points. The study database was reviewed retrospectively to identify those with treatment‐related seizure. To assess neurocognitive changes associated with seizure, each patient with treatment‐related seizure was matched with two cohort patients without seizure for age at treatment, gender, race, and treatment intensity.ResultsNineteen patients developed seizure, with a 2‐year cumulative risk of 3.82 ± 0.86% (SE). No risk factors were identified to be associated with the development of seizure, with a possible exception of intensive chemotherapy used on the standard/high‐risk arm as compared to the low‐risk arm. Neuropsychological performance of the seizure group, as compared to normative scores and nonseizure control cohort, indicated problems in attention, working memory, and processing speed. Cognitive deficits persisted 2 years after therapy, with additional declines in intellectual function observed. MRI indicated early neurotoxicity among the seizure group, as evidenced by greater leukoencephalopathy on initial examinations.ConclusionTreatment‐related seizures were associated with leukoencephalopathy and decreased neuropsychological performance. Prospective studies are needed to detect changes in neurocognitive status associated with long‐term functional impairment.
Novel recurrent chromosome anomalies in Shwachman–Diamond syndrome
Authors: Valli Roberto , De Paoli Elena , Nacci Lucia , Frattini Annalisa , Pasquali Francesco , Maserati Emanuela 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundTwo chromosome anomalies are frequent in the bone marrow (BM) of patients with Shwachman–Diamond syndrome (SDS): an isochromosome of the long arm of chromosome 7, i(7)(q10), and an interstitial deletion of the long arm of chromosome 20, del(20)(q). These anomalies are associated with a lower risk of developing myelodysplasia (MDS) and/or acute myeloid leukemia. The chromosome anomalies may be due to an SDS‐specific karyotype instability, reflected also by anomalies that are not clonal, but found in single cells in the BM or in peripheral blood (PB).ProcedureStarting in 1999, we have monitored the cytogenetic picture of a cohort of 91 Italian patients with SDS by all suitable cytogenetic and molecular methods.ResultsHere, we report clonal chromosome anomalies that are different from the aforementioned, as well as changes found in single cells in BM/PB of the same patients.ConclusionsSome of the newly recognized clonal anomalies in BM reported here are recurrent, especially unbalanced structural anomalies of chromosome 7, a further complex rearrangement of the del(20)(q) with duplicated and deleted portions, and an unbalanced translocation t(3;6), with partial trisomy of the long arm of chromosome 3 and partial monosomy of the long arm of chromosome 6. Firm conclusions on the possible prognostic relevance of these anomalies would require further study with larger patient cohorts, but our data are sufficient to suggest that these patients necessitate more frequent cytogenetic monitoring. The results on anomalies found in single cells confirm the presence of an SDS‐specific karyotype instability.
Preparation of Polyethylene/Graphene Nanocomposites with Octadecylamine‐Modified Graphene Oxide‐MgCl‐Supported Ziegler–Natta Catalyst
Authors: Zhang He‐Xin , Park Jae‐Hyeong , Moon Young‐Kwon , Eun‐Bin Ko , Zhang Xue‐Quan , Yoon Keun‐Byoung 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTIn this work, an octadecylamine‐modified graphene oxide (ODA‐GO)‐MgCl‐supported Ziegler–Natta catalyst was synthesized by reacting ODA‐GO with a Grignard reagent, followed by anchoring TiCl4 to the structure. The effect of the ODA‐GO on the catalyst morphology and ethylene polymerization behavior was examined. The resultant polyethylene (PE)/ODA‐GO nanocomposites directly mirrored the catalyst morphology by forming a layered morphology, and the ODA‐GO fillers were well dispersed in the PE matrix and showed strong interfacial adhesion with it. The resultant PE/ODA‐GO nanocomposites exhibited better thermal stability and mechanical properties than neat PE, even with a small amount of ODA‐GO added. Thus, this work provides a facile approach to the production of high‐performance PE. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 855–860
Synthesis of bifunctional terminal octasilicate‐core dendrimer containing fluorocarbon and hydrocarbon chains
Authors: Irie Yasuyuki , Yuasa Sota , Imoto Hiroaki , Naka Kensuke 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTA bifunctional terminal organic‐inorganic dendrimer with fluorocarbon and hydrocarbon units at its terminal groups was successfully prepared by a hydrosilylation reaction, and a combination of a ring‐opening reaction and condensation reaction of octakis(propenylsuccinicanhydrido)polyhedraloctasilicate (OS‐SA) with 1‐decanol and 1H,1H,2H,2H‐perfluoro‐1‐decanol. The structure of the OS‐core dendrimer bearing the decyl and 1H,1H,2H,2H‐heptadecafluorodecyl groups (OS‐CF) was fully characterized by FT‐IR, NMR spectra, and MALDI TOF MS spectrum. The crystallinity of the fluorinated domains in OS‐CF decreased in comparison with that in I‐CF and the fluorocarbon/hydrocarbon chains form no ordered structure due to suppression of the molecular motion of their branches resulting from the rigid inorganic core. The composite films of PMMA containing OS‐CF were prepared through solution blending of PMMA with various concentrations of OS‐CF (5, 10, and 20 wt %). The refractive index of the neat PMMA film is 1.49, and the refractive indices of the composite films containing OS‐CF decrease linearly with increases in the OS‐CF weight fraction. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 912–918
Reactivity Ratios and Sequence Distribution Characterization by Quantitative 13C NMR for RAFT Synthesis of Styrene‐Acrylonitrile Copolymers
Authors: Alam Md. Mahbub , Peng Hui , Jack Kevin S. , Hill David J. T. , Whittaker Andrew K. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThe kinetics and reactivity ratios of styrene‐acrylonitrile (SA) copolymerization have been studied extensively in bulk and in a variety of solution media using conventional free radical polymerizations (FRPs). Due to the significant difference in the two reactivity ratios for this monomer pair, at certain feed ratios the copolymers display composition drift with conversion due to monomer depletion. In this study, the kinetics of SA copolymerization using Reversible Addition‐Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) has been studied in bulk at 80 °C. The reactivity ratios for the terminal model were calculated from the comonomer sequence distributions for the RAFT process at low conversion for nine different compositions and found to be in the same range as those reported for conventional FRP of SA. The changes in the composition and sequence distribution with conversion were studied for three feed compositions. The copolymers show compositional drift with conversion, except at the azeotropic composition, and match the predictions from the reactivity ratios obtained at low conversion. From quantitative 13C NMR the triad distributions of these copolymers were estimated and found to match the predicted triad distributions as conversion increased. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 919–927
Influence of the degree of ionization on the growth mechanism of poly(diallyldimethylammonium)/poly(acrylic acid) multilayers
Authors: Bütergerds Dörte , Kateloe Christian , Cramer Cornelia , Schönhoff Monika 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTpH‐dependent growth laws of the mass coverage Γ(n) of poly(diallyldimethylammonium) chloride and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) layer‐by‐layer films are analyzed by Quartz Crystal Microbalance‐D. (Attenuated Total Reflection)‐FTIR spectroscopy shows a degree of dissociation of acrylic acid groups in the films identical to that in solution. Apart from pH‐regimes of differently pronounced exponential and linear growth, the corresponding kinetics indicate pH‐dependent adsorption, reorganization, and diffusion processes. As the thickest films form with almost uncharged PAA (low pH), the results can only partly be explained by the dissociation degree of PAA in the film. For intermediate and high pH values chain interdiffusion as a mechanism for nonlinear growth is strongly dependent on the charge density of the PAA chains. However, at low pH other types of interactions, most likely ion–dipole interactions, play a major role in the multilayer growth. Furthermore, a change in the symmetry of growth can be observed in the low to intermediate pH range. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2017, 55, 425–434