bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Childhood emotional support and borderline personality features in a sample of Canadian psychiatric outpatients
Authors: Kealy David , Sierra-Hernandez Carlos A , Ogrodniczuk John S 
Published: May 2016

Background: Despite links between early relational experiences and psychopathology, data regarding childhood emotional neglect among Canadian mental health services users are scarce. Aims: To explore the absence of emotional support experiences reported by Canadian psychiatric outpatients, and to examine the relationship between childhood emotional support and borderline personality disorder (BPD) features. Methods: A survey regarding childhood emotional support was completed by consecutively admitted adult outpatients, along with self-report assessments of symptom distress and BPD features. Results: A substantial proportion of outpatients reported absent emotional support experiences. After controlling for the effects of age and symptom distress, childhood emotional support was found to be significantly negatively associated with BPD features. Conclusion: The findings add further support to the need for clinical attention to the early relational experiences of mental health service users.
Retrosternal Goiter
Authors: Khan Mohemmed N. , Goljo Erden , Owen Randall , Park Richard Chan Woo , Yao Mike , Miles Brett A. 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveRetrosternal goiters pose a significant challenge in determining the indications and appropriate approach for surgical removal while limiting postoperative morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study is to use the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database to compare outcomes of transcervical and transthoracic approaches for retrosternal goiter removal and to review the literature regarding the varying indications for the 2 surgical approaches.Study DesignAdministrative database analysis.SettingNSQIP database.Subjects and MethodsThe NSQIP database was queried for all cases of retrosternal thyroid: 2716 patients were included, which represents one of the largest data reviews of patients with retrosternal thyroid pathology who underwent surgery. Data were analyzed to examine morbidity and mortality of the cervical and transthoracic approaches.ResultsPatient demographics and preoperative comorbidities were similar between groups. Patients undergoing a transthoracic approach experienced increased rates of unplanned intubations and need for transfusion and length of stay postoperatively.ConclusionsA transthoracic approach is associated with increased rates of several critical postoperative morbidities, and the data indicate the potential of increased overall mortality. Given equivalent retrosternal extension, a transcervical approach should be attempted whenever anatomically possible, regardless of pathology.
Lateral Skull Base Attenuation in Superior Semicircular Canal Dehiscence and Spontaneous Cerebrospinal Fluid Otorrhea
Authors: Rizk Habib G. , Hatch Jonathan L. , Stevens Shawn M. , Lambert Paul R. , Meyer Ted A. 
Published: May 2016

Objectives(1) To quantitatively assess the lateral skull base thickness in patients with superior semicircular canal dehiscense (SSCD) using a standardized and validated radiographic measure and to compare it with that of a population with spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea (CSFO). (2) To analyze demographic and clinical factors associated with skull base thickness in the SSCD group.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingTertiary neurotologic referral center.Subjects and MethodsBased on computed tomography imaging of the tegmen, mean skull base thickness was calculated for 16 patients with radiographic and clinical SSCD. Similar measures were performed in 4 comparison groups consisting of adults with spontaneous CSFO (n = 33), as well as 3 control groups recruited from our adult cochlear implant database: 30 obese controls (body mass index [BMI] >30 kg/m2), 11 overweight controls (BMI, 25‐30 kg/m2), and 20 normal weight controls (BMI <25 kg/m2).ResultsThe SSCD group had a significantly lower mean BMI (28.6 kg/m2) than the spontaneous CSFO group (37.7 kg/m2; P =. 0007). The mean skull base thickness of SSCD patients was 17% thinner than that of the CSFO group, 31% thinner vs obese controls, 49% thinner vs overweight controls, and 45% thinner vs normal weight controls. These differences were all statistically significant (P <. 05).ConclusionPatients with SSCD have a marked thinning of the lateral skull base, more so than patients with spontaneous CSF otorrhea and control groups with different BMIs. Skull base attenuation in SSCD patients did not correlate with BMI.
Presentations by ambulance under the NSW Mental Health Act to an emergency department with a 24-hour mental health team
Authors: Skopek Michaela A , Francis Jeryl Lynn 
Published: May 2016

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the presentations of patients by ambulance, under Section 20 of the NSW Mental Health Act of 2007, to a hospital emergency department (ED) with a 24-hour Mental Health Team. Methods: Patient records between December 2013 and December 2014 were audited and analysed in Excel. Results: There were 47 such presentations: 51% required a mental health admission. Patients required management for up to six of the nine identified mental health and physical problems. As the number of clinical problems in these patients increased, the length of their stay and the likelihood of discharge to home increased. The need for psychiatric admission did not appear to prolong their length of stay, though chemical sedation did. The availability of an ED mental health team did assist in achieving a length of stay that was in keeping with Australian National Emergency Access Target guidelines. Conclusions: A 24-hour ED mental health team provided specialised assessment and management for patients, alongside the necessary emergency medical intervention. This team assisted in easing the increasing pressure on the ED and minimising the patients’ length of stay. The team redirected patients requiring admission, facilitated timely discharge of others and revoked Section 20 when less restrictive care was appropriate.
High tau levels in cerebrospinal fluid predict nursing home placement and rapid progression in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Degerman Gunnarsson Malin , Ingelsson Martin , Blennow Kaj , Basun Hans , Lannfelt Lars , Kilander Lena 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Background
Increased concentrations of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) total tau (t-tau) and phosphorylated tau, as well as decreased amyloid-β 42 peptide, are biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology, but few studies have shown an association with AD progression rate. We hypothesized that high CSF tau, as a marker of ongoing neurodegeneration, would predict a more aggressive course of AD, using time to nursing home placement (NHP) as the main outcome.

Methods
Our sample inlcuded 234 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to AD (n = 134) or mild to moderate AD (n = 100) who underwent lumbar puncture at a memory clinic and were followed for 2–11 years (median 4.9 years).

Results
Individuals with CSF t-tau in the highest quartile (≥900 ng/L) had a higher ratio of NHP, both in the total cohort and in patients with MCI only (adjusted HR 2.17 [95 % CI 1.24–3.80]; HR 2.37 [95 % CI 1.10–5.09], respectively), than the lowest quartile. The association between high t-tau levels and future steep deterioration was confirmed in analyses with conversion to moderate dementia (HR 1.66; 95 % CI 1.08–2.56), rapid decline in Mini Mental State Examination score (≥4-point drop/12 months), and dying in severe dementia as outcomes.

Conclusions
To our knowledge, this is the first study to show that high CSF t-tau levels predict early NHP and conversion to moderate dementia in an AD cohort. Selecting patients with high CSF t-tau, indicating more aggressive neurodegeneration and steeper decline, for AD immunotherapy trials might increase the possibility of showing contrast between active treatment and placebo.
EDTA soluble chemical components and the conditioned medium from mobilized dental pulp stem cells contain an inductive microenvironment, promoting cell proliferation, migration, and odontoblastic differentiation
Authors: Kawamura Rei , Hayashi Yuki , Murakami Hiroshi , Nakashima Misako 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Background
The critical challenge in tissue engineering is to establish an optimal combination of stem cells, signaling morphogenetic molecules, and extracellular matrix scaffold/microenvironment. The extracellular matrix components of teeth may be reconstituted as an inductive microenvironment in an ectopic tooth transplantation bioassay. Thus, the isolation and identification of the chemical components of the inductive microenvironment in pulp/dentin regeneration will accelerate progress towards the goal of tissue engineering of the tooth.

Methods
The teeth demineralized in 0.6 M hydrochloric acid were sequentially extracted by 4.0 M guanidine hydrochloride (GdnHCl), pH 7.4, and 0.5 M ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), pH 7.4. The extracted teeth were transplanted into an ectopic site in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice with mobilized dental pulp stem cells (MDPSCs). The unextracted tooth served as a positive control. Furthermore, the soluble components for the inductive microenvironment, the GdnHCl extracts, or the EDTA extracts together with or without MDPSC conditioned medium (CM) were reconstituted systematically with autoclaved teeth in which the chemical components were completely inactivated and only the physical microenvironment was preserved. Their pulp/dentin regenerative potential and angiogenic potential were compared 28 days after ectopic tooth transplantation by histomorphometry and real-time RT-PCR analysis.

Results
Expression of an odontoblastic marker, enamelysin, and a pulp marker, thyrotropin-releasing hormone degrading enzyme (TRH-DE), was lower, and expression of a periodontal cell marker, anti-asporin/periodontal ligament-associated protein 1 (PLAP-1), was higher in the transplant of the EDTA-extracted teeth compared with the GdnHCl-extracted teeth. The autoclaved teeth reconstituted with the GdnHCl extracts or the EDTA extracts have weak regenerative potential and minimal angiogenic potential, and the CM significantly increased this potential. Combinatorial effects of the EDTA extracts and the CM on pulp/dentin regeneration were demonstrated in vivo, consistent with their in-vitro effects on enhanced proliferation, migration, and odontoblastic differentiation.

Conclusions
The EDTA-extracted teeth demonstrated significantly lower pulp/dentin regenerative potential compared with the GdnHCl-extracted teeth. The EDTA soluble chemical components when reconstituted with the physical structure of autoclaved teeth serve as an inductive microenvironment for pulp/dentin regeneration, promoting cell proliferation, migration, and odontoblastic differentiation.
Ventriculoperitoneal Shunting for Glioblastoma: Risk Factors, Indications, and Efficacy
Authors: Castro Brandyn A. , Imber Brandon S. , Chen Rebecca , McDermott Michael W. , Aghi Manish K. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Glioblastoma patients can develop hydrocephalus, either obstructive, typically at diagnosis as a result of mass effect, or communicating, usually later in the disease.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the indications and efficacy of ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunting for patients with glioblastoma-associated hydrocephalus.

METHODS: Retrospective review was conducted of 841 glioblastoma patients diagnosed from 2004 to 2014, 64 (8%) of whom underwent VP shunting for symptomatic hydrocephalus, to analyze symptoms and outcomes after shunting. Overall survival and postshunt survival were analyzed with Kaplan-Meier methods, with predictors evaluated by use of Cox proportional hazards.

RESULTS: Of the 64 patients who underwent shunting, 42 (66%) had communicating hydrocephalus (CH) and 22 (34%) had obstructive hydrocephalus (OH). CH patients underwent more preshunt craniotomies than those with noncommunicating hydrocephalus, with a mean of 2.3 and 0.7 surgeries, respectively (P < .001). Ventricular entry during craniotomy occurred in 52% of CH patients vs 59% of those with OH (P = .8). After shunting, 61% of all patients achieved symptomatic improvement, which was not associated with hydrocephalus variant (P > .99). Hydrocephalus symptom improvement rates were as follows: headache, 77%; lethargy, 61%; and altered cognition or memory, 54%. Symptomatic improvement was more likely in patients who were younger at shunt placement (hazard ratio, 0.96; P = .045). Symptomatic improvement, shorter time between glioblastoma diagnosis and shunt placement, and CH rather than OH led to improved postshunt survival (hazard ratio = 0.24-0.99; P = .01-.04).

CONCLUSION: VP shunting improves symptoms in most glioblastoma patients with suspected CH or OH, specifically younger patients. Symptomatic improvement, shorter duration between glioblastoma diagnosis and shunt placement, and CH rather than OH improve postshunt survival.
Innovative Interpretation of Professional Orientation of Schoolchildren
Authors: Фролова  , Frolova Svetlana 
Published: May 2016

The author off ers a new understanding of vocational guidance on the basis of a retro refl ective approach. Retro refl ective approach involves the analysis
of children’s games and the early enthusiasm of the child. On this basis the model of professional ideal is created. The choice of profession based on
professional ideal ensures the success in professional career.
FLUID–STRUCTURE-INTERACTION ANALYSIS FOR WELDED PIPES WITH FLOW-ACCELERATED CORROSION WALL THINNING
Authors: Sun Lan , Ding Yuqing 
Published: May 2016

The flow-accelerated corrosion (FAC) entrance effect results in enhanced wall thinning immediately downstream of a weld if the weld connects an upstream FAC-resistant material with a downstream less resistant material. The weld regions, especially those with local repairs, are susceptible to cracking due to the high residual stresses induced by fabrication. The combined effects of the FAC entrance effect and high stresses at a weld might compromise the structural integrity of the piping and lead to a failure. Weld degradation by FAC entrance effect has been observed at nuclear and fossil power plants. This paper describes an application using fluid–structure-interaction (FSI) modelling to study the combined effects of FAC wall thinning, weld residual stresses, and in-service loads on welded structures. Simplified cases analyzed were based on CANDU outlet feeder conditions. The analysis includes the flow and mass transfer modelling of the FAC entrance effect using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and nonlinear structural analyses of the welded structures with wall thinning and an assumed weld residual stress and strain distribution. The FSI analyses were performed using ANSYS Workbench, an integrated platform that enables the coupling of CFD and structural analysis solutions. The obtained results show that the combination of FAC, weld residual stresses, in-service loads (including the internal pressure) and (or) extreme loads could cause high stresses and affect the integrity of the welded pipes. The present work demonstrated that the FSI modelling can be used as an effective approach to assess the integrity of welded structures.
Biomass and productivity of seagrasses in Africa
Authors: Githaiga Michael N. , Gilpin Linda , Kairo James G. , Huxham Mark 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
There is growing interest in carbon stocks and flows in seagrass ecosystems, but recent global reviews suggest a paucity of studies from Africa. This paper reviews work on seagrass productivity, biomass and sediment carbon in Africa. Most work was conducted in East Africa with a major geographical gap in West Africa. The mean above-ground, below-ground and total biomasses from all studies were 174.4, 474.6 and 514 g DW m-2, respectively with a global range of 461–738 g DW m-2. Mean annual production rate was 913 g DW m-2 year-1 (global range 816–1012 g DW m-2 year-1). No studies were found giving sediment organic carbon, demonstrating a major gap in seagrass blue carbon work. Given the small numbers of relevant papers and the large geographical areas left undescribed in Africa, any conclusions remain tentative and much remains to be done on seagrass studies in Africa.
A taxonomic re-examination of Saccharina longipedalis (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae), an endemic kelp species around Lake Akkeshi in eastern Hokkaido, Japan
Authors: Yotsukura Norishige , Nagai Nobu , Kawai Tadashi 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The taxonomy of Saccharina longipedalis, a kelp species endemic to the brackish Lake Akkeshi in eastern Hokkaido, was reviewed. The external morphology of sporophytes collected from seven sites around the distribution boundary of S. longipedalis and Saccharina japonica var. diabolica were compared; it was confirmed that the diagnostic morphology of S. longipedalis, such as a long stipe and thin blade, was not solely characteristic of individuals that grew in and around the center of the lake, which is thought to be the unique distribution area of S. longipedalis. Sequence comparisons of a 5S rDNA spacer and four microsatellite regions and AFLP analysis revealed that genetic similarity was high between S. longipedalis and S. japonica var. diabolica. Also based on observations that the early development in hybrids of sporelings from the seven sites was normal, we conclude that S. longipedalis should be treated as S. japonica var. diabolica.
Effect of protocatechuic acid on lipid profile and DNA damage in D-galactosamine-induced hepatotoxic rats
Authors: Radhiga Thangaiyan , Sundaresan Arjunan , Viswanathan Periyasamy , Pugalendi Kodukkur Viswanathan 
Published: May 2016

Abstract

Background:
Our aim in this study is to investigate the effect of protocatechuic acid (PCA) on lipid profile and DNA damage in D-galactosamine (D-GalN)-induced hepatotoxic rats.

Methods:
Hepatotoxicity was induced by a single intraperitoneal dose of D-GalN in male Wistar rats. The activities of hepatic markers and levels of kidney function markers were determined. The plasma and tissue lipid levels were estimated. DNA damage was determined by COMET assay. Histopathological examination was also performed using portions of the liver and kidney tissues.

Results:
D-GalN-induced hepatotoxic rats showed increased in the activities of hepatic marker enzymes such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) in serum. The levels of kidney function markers such as urea, uric acid, and creatinine increased in serum. Levels of lipid profile such as total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), free fatty acid (FFA), and phospholipids (PLs) in the plasma and tissues (liver and kidney) were significantly increased in D-GalN-induced rats. In plasma, levels of very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) significantly increased, whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level decreased in D-GalN-induced rats. Furthermore, D-GalN-induced rats showed increased percentage of tail DNA and tail length and decreased percentage of head DNA. Oral administration of PCA (100 mg/ kg BW) for 20 days improved these levels when compared to D-GalN-induced rats. These biochemical changes were reflected on the attenuation and the structural alteration of the liver and kidney integrity.

Conclusions:
The results of the study suggest that PCA has a potent hepatoprotective activity that may be linked to its antihyperlipidemic effect.
Idiopathic postprandial hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia
Authors: Güemes Maria , Melikyan Maria , Senniappan Senthil , Hussain Khalid 
Published: May 2016

Abstract

Background:
Idiopathic postprandial hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia (PPHH) has rarely been reported in the paediatric age. The objective of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and management in a group of children with PPHH.

Methods:
Six children (three females) with a mean follow-up of 3.5±3.0 years at a single tertiary paediatric hospital. All had 24-h blood glucose monitoring, diagnostic fast and prolonged oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Follow-up included: 24-h blood glucose monitoring or continuous glucose monitoring system, prolonged OGTT and/or mixed meal (MM) test.

Results:
Age at diagnosis ranged from 5.4 to 15.7 years and auxology parameters were within normal range in all subjects. All the children had a normal fasting tolerance for age. Prolonged OGTT demonstrated symptomatic hypoglycaemia after 120 min in all the patients with simultaneous detectable serum insulin concentration. Acarbose was tried in three patients, having a positive effect on glycaemic and symptom control, but due to side effects, only two patients continued acarbose in the long run. Diazoxide proved to be beneficial in one patient. The rest of the patients were managed with frequent feeds but despite this, prolonged OGTT/MM demonstrated on-going PPHH.

Conclusions:
Prolonged OGTT is necessary to diagnose PPHH in children. Acarbose is beneficial in children with PPHH, although not well tolerated. Patients managed exclusively on frequent feeds demonstrated persistent hypoglycaemia on OGTT. The underlying cause of the PPHH in these patients remains unknown.
Radiological health assessment due to gamma radiation levels of natural
radioactivity of soil in vicinity of Nichahoma lignite belt, Kashmir Valley
Authors: Ashraf Mudasir , Radha C. Anu , Ahmad Shakeel , Masood Sajad , Dar Rayees Ahmad , Ramasubramanian V. , Reddy P. Yadagiri 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The measurements of activity concentrations in soil of the lignite belt and soil of the villages surrounding the lignite belt have been
carried out in order to present the radiological health hazards due to gamma radiation levels of the soil to general public. A low-
background Pb-shielded gamma spectroscopic counting assembly utilizing NaI(Tl) detector was employed for the measurements. The activity
concentration of radionuclides have been determined and compared with the international and national recommended values. A correlation
analysis was also performed in order to predict the contribution of the respective nuclides towards the measured dose rate and to the
find the existence of these radioactive nuclides together in the study area.