bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mathematical Analysis of Glioma Growth in a Murine Model
Authors: Rutter Erica M. , Stepien Tracy L. , Anderies Barrett J. , Plasencia Jonathan D. , Woolf Eric C. , Scheck Adrienne C. , Turner Gregory H. , Liu Qingwei , Frakes David , Kodibagkar Vikram , Kuang Yang , Preul Mark C. , Kostelich Eric J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractFive immunocompetent C57BL/6-cBrd/cBrd/Cr (albino C57BL/6) mice were injected with GL261-luc2 cells, a cell line sharing characteristics of human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). The mice were imaged using magnetic resonance (MR) at five separate time points to characterize growth and development of the tumor. After 25 days, the final tumor volumes of the mice varied from 12 mm3 to 62 mm3, even though mice were inoculated from the same tumor cell line under carefully controlled conditions. We generated hypotheses to explore large variances in final tumor size and tested them with our simple reaction-diffusion model in both a 3-dimensional (3D) finite difference method and a 2-dimensional (2D) level set method. The parameters obtained from a best-fit procedure, designed to yield simulated tumors as close as possible to the observed ones, vary by an order of magnitude between the three mice analyzed in detail. These differences may reflect morphological and biological variability in tumor growth, as well as errors in the mathematical model, perhaps from an oversimplification of the tumor dynamics or nonidentifiability of parameters. Our results generate parameters that match other experimental in vitro and in vivo measurements. Additionally, we calculate wave speed, which matches with other rat and human measurements.
Insights into the complexation of N-Allyl-4-(4-(N-phenylureido)benzylamino)-1,8-naphthalimide with various anions
Authors: Blok Andrew J. , Johnston Martin R. , Lenehan Claire E. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA new urea functionalised 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide based fluorescent anion sensor was synthesised in 64% yield over three steps. Fluorescence and 1H NMR titrations showed that the sensor complexes strongly with acetate and dihydrogen phosphate and to a lesser extent bromide. The corresponding binding stoichiometries were examined using 1H NMR titrations. Results show that the sensor molecule initially forms 1:1 complexes through hydrogen bonding to the urea moiety, followed by secondary complexation to form higher order host:guest stoichiometries. Specifically, oxyanions complex to the sensor via hydrogen bonding through synergistic aryl C-H and N-H anion interactions in a 1:2 sensor:oxyanion arrangement. Furthermore, 2:1 sensor:oxyanion complexes are formed through an oxyanion linkage between two urea functionalities on different host molecules. This contrasts the majority of previous reports for similar hosts, which indicate 1:1 binding stoichiometry.
Inclusions properties at 1673 K and room temperature with Ce addition in SS400 steel
Authors: Pan Fei , Chen Hao-Long , Su Yen-Hsun , Su Yen-Hao , Hwang Weng-Sing 
Published: May 2017

AbstractInclusion species formed in SS400 steel with Ce-addition was predicted by thermodynamic calculation. The analysis of the inclusion morphology and size distribution was carried out by applying Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). Nano-Fe3O4 particles were also found in cerium-deoxidized and -desulfurized steel and their shapes were nearly spherical. The complex Ce2O3 inclusions covering a layer of 218 nm composed by several MnS particles with similar diffraction pattern. Most importantly, the complex Ce2O3 characterized by using TEM diffraction is amorphous in the steel, indicating that Ce2O3 formed in the liquid iron and then MnS segregated cling to it.
Mutation Spectrum in the CACNA1A Gene in 49 Patients with Episodic Ataxia
Authors: Sintas Cèlia , Carreño Oriel , Fernàndez-Castillo Noèlia , Corominas Roser , Vila-Pueyo Marta , Toma Claudio , Cuenca-León Ester , Barroeta Isabel , Roig Carles , Volpini Víctor , Macaya Alfons , Cormand Bru 
Published: May 2017

AbstractEpisodic ataxia is an autosomal dominant ion channel disorder characterized by episodes of imbalance and incoordination. The disease is genetically heterogeneous and is classified as episodic ataxia type 2 (EA2) when it is caused by a mutation in the CACNA1A gene, encoding the α1A subunit of the P/Q-type voltage-gated calcium channel Cav2.1. The vast majority of EA2 disease-causing variants are loss-of-function (LoF) point changes leading to decreased channel currents. CACNA1A exonic deletions have also been reported in EA2 using quantitative approaches. We performed a mutational screening of the CACNA1A gene, including the promoter and 3′UTR regions, in 49 unrelated patients diagnosed with episodic ataxia. When pathogenic variants were not found by sequencing, we performed a copy number variant (CNV) analysis to screen for duplications or deletions. Overall, sequencing screening allowed identification of six different point variants (three nonsense and three missense changes) and two coding indels, one of them found in two unrelated patients. Additionally, CNV analysis identified a deletion in a patient spanning exon 35 as a result of a recombination event between flanking intronic Alu sequences. This study allowed identification of potentially pathogenic alterations in our sample, five of them novel, which cover 20% of the patients (10/49). Our data suggest that most of these variants are disease-causing, although functional studies are required.
An integrated analysis revealed different microRNA-mRNA profiles during skeletal muscle development between Landrace and Lantang pigs
Authors: Xie Shuihua , Chen Luxi , Zhang Xumeng , Liu Xiaohong , Chen Yaosheng , Mo Delin 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPigs supply vital dietary proteins for human consumption, and their economic value depends largely on muscle production. MicroRNAs are known to play important roles in skeletal muscle development. However, their relationship to distinct muscle production between pig breeds remains unknown. Here, we performed an integrated analysis of microRNA-mRNA expression profiles for Landrace (LR, lean) pigs and the Chinese indigenous Lantang pig (LT, lard-type) during 8 stages of skeletal muscle developmental, including at 35, 49, 63, 77 dpc (days post coitum) and 2, 28, 90, 180 dpn (days postnatal). As differentially expressed-miRNA expression profiles can be well classified into two clusters by PCA analysis, we grouped the embryonic stages as G1 and the postnatal stages as G2. A total of 203 genes were predicted miRNA targets, and a STEM analysis showed distinct expression patterns between G1 and G2 in both breeds based on their transcriptomic data. Furthermore, a STRING analysis predicted interactions between 22 genes and 35 miRNAs, including some crucial myogenic factors and myofibrillar genes. Thus, it can be reasonably speculated that myogenic miRNAs may regulate myofibrillar genes in myofiber formation during embryonic stages and muscle hypertrophy during postnatal stages, leading to distinct differences in muscle production between breeds.
Difference in Cerebral Circulation Time between Subtypes of Moyamoya Disease and Moyamoya Syndrome
Authors: Kang Kaijiang , Lu Jingjing , Zhang Dong , Li Youxiang , Wang Dandan , Liu Peng , Li Bohong , Ju Yi , Zhao Xingquan 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn this study, we evaluated the differences in hemodynamics between hemorrhagic and non-hemorrhagic moyamoya disease (MMD) and moyamoya syndrome (MMS) by measuring cerebral circulation time (CCT). This case-control study included 136 patients with MMD or MMS diagnosed between April 2015 and July 2016 at Beijing Tian Tan Hospital. Each hemisphere was analyzed separately. The difference in clinical, radiological characteristics and CCT between subtypes of MMD and MMS were analyzed statistically. The results showed that total CCT between hemorrhagic and non-hemorrhagic sides was not statistically different (16.55 s vs. 16.06 s, P = 0.562). The cerebral filling circulation time (CFCT) of hemorrhagic sides was significantly shorter than that of non-hemorrhagic sides (4.52 s vs. 5.41 s, P < 0.001), and the cerebral venous circulation time (CVCT) of hemorrhagic sides was significantly longer than that of non-hemorrhagic sides (12.02 s, vs. 10.64 s, P < 0.001). The ratio of CFCT to CVCT (F-V ratio) was inversely correlated with the possibility of hemorrhagic stroke. Therefore, we conclude that the rapid filling and poor venous drainage of cerebral circulation are likely risk factors of hemorrhagic stroke secondary to MMD or MMS. The F-V ratio can be used to identify individuals at high risk of hemorrhagic stroke.
Community and species-specific responses of plant traits to 23 years of experimental warming across subarctic tundra plant communities
Authors: Baruah Gaurav , Molau Ulf , Bai Yang , Alatalo Juha M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractTo improve understanding of how global warming may affect competitive interactions among plants, information on the responses of plant functional traits across species to long-term warming is needed. Here we report the effect of 23 years of experimental warming on plant traits across four different alpine subarctic plant communities: tussock tundra, Dryas heath, dry heath and wet meadow. Open-top chambers (OTCs) were used to passively warm the vegetation by 1.5–3 °C. Changes in leaf width, leaf length and plant height of 22 vascular plant species were measured. Long-term warming significantly affected all plant traits. Overall, plant species were taller, with longer and wider leaves, compared with control plots, indicating an increase in biomass in warmed plots, with 13 species having significant increases in at least one trait and only three species having negative responses. The response varied among species and plant community in which the species was sampled, indicating community-warming interactions. Thus, plant trait responses are both species- and community-specific. Importantly, we show that there is likely to be great variation between plant species in their ability to maintain positive growth responses over the longer term, which might cause shifts in their relative competitive ability.
Interaction processes of ciprofloxacin with graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide in the presence of montmorillonite in simulated gastrointestinal fluids
Authors: Ma Shuai , Si Yang , Wang Fei , Su Lei , Xia CongCong , Yao Jun , Chen Huilun , Liu Xingyu 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis study investigated the interaction processes of ciprofloxacin (CIP) with graphene oxide (GO) and reduced GO (rGO) in presence of montmorillonite (Mont) in simulated gastrointestinal fluids. The order of CIP adsorption affinity was rGO+Mont > GO+Mont > rGO+Mont+pepsin > rGO > GO+Mont+pepsin > Mont > Mont+pepsin > GO > rGO+pepsin > GO+pepsin in simulated gastric fluid. Mont enhanced the adsorption of CIP on GO and rGO due to hydrated Si species coating on GO and rGO in the simulated gastric fluid. Meanwhile, π–π interaction between CIP and graphene caused the great shift of two cyclopropyl CH2 and one cyclopropyl in CIP molecules. And GO, rGO, and Mont interacted mainly with CIP by COOH groups. CIP and pepsin molecules could intercalate and increase the basal spacing of Mont as well. After the various interaction systems of adsorbent-adsorbate transferring to the simulated intestinal fluid, CIP was continuously adsorbed by GO and rGO. In addition, adsorbed CIP was released from Mont into the solution through electrostatic repulsion. The decrease ratio of CIP was the lowest in the GO/rGO+Mont+pepsin systems. Therefore, the mixture of Mont and GO/rGO decreased the CIP concentration in gastrointestinal fluid to weaken further antibiotic activity of CIP.
Pilot Study of 64Cu(I) for PET Imaging of Melanoma
Authors: Jiang Lei , Tu Yingfeng , Hu Xiang , Bao Ande , Chen Hao , Ma Xiaowei , Doyle Tim , Shi Hongcheng , Cheng Zhen 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAt present,64Cu(II) labeled tracers including64CuCl2have been widely applied in the research of molecular imaging and therapy. Human copper transporter 1 (hCTR1) is the major high affinity copper influx transporter in mammalian cells, and specially responsible for the transportation of Cu(I) not Cu(II). Thus, we investigated the feasible application of64Cu(I) for PET imaging.64Cu(II) was reduced to64Cu(I) with the existence of sodium L-ascorbate, DL-Dithiothreitol or cysteine. Cell uptake and efflux assay was investigated using B16F10 and A375 cell lines, respectively. Small animal PET and biodistribution studies were performed in both B16F10 and A375 tumor-bearing mice. Compared with64Cu(II),64Cu(I) exhibited higher cellular uptake by melanoma, which testified CTR1 specially influx of Cu(I). However, due to oxidation reactionin vivo, no significant difference between64Cu(I) and64Cu(II) was observed through PET images and biodistribution. Additionally, radiation absorbed doses for major tissues of human were calculated based on the mouse biodistribution. Radiodosimetry calculations for64/67Cu(I) and64/67Cu(II) were similar, which suggested that although melanoma were with high radiation absorbed doses, high radioactivity accumulation by liver and kidney should be noticed for the further application. Thus,64Cu(I) should be further studied to evaluate it as a PET imaging radiotracer.
Urban eddy covariance measurements reveal significant missing NOx emissions in Central Europe
Authors: Karl T. , Graus M. , Striednig M. , Lamprecht C. , Hammerle A. , Wohlfahrt G. , Held A. , von der Heyden L. , Deventer M. J. , Krismer A. , Haun C. , Feichter R. , Lee J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractNitrogen oxide (NOx) pollution is emerging as a primary environmental concern across Europe. While some large European metropolitan areas are already in breach of EU safety limits for NO2, this phenomenon does not seem to be only restricted to large industrialized areas anymore. Many smaller scale populated agglomerations including their surrounding rural areas are seeing frequent NO2 concentration violations. The question of a quantitative understanding of different NOx emission sources is therefore of immanent relevance for climate and air chemistry models as well as air pollution management and health. Here we report simultaneous eddy covariance flux measurements of NOx, CO2, CO and non methane volatile organic compound tracers in a city that might be considered representative for Central Europe and the greater Alpine region. Our data show that NOx fluxes are largely at variance with modelled emission projections, suggesting an appreciable underestimation of the traffic related atmospheric NOx input in Europe, comparable to the weekend-weekday effect, which locally changes ozone production rates by 40%.
Down-regulated GATA-1 up-regulates interferon regulatory factor 3 in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wang Lu-Lu , Chen Zheng-Sen , Zhou Wen-Di , Shu Jin , Wang Xiao-Hua , Jin Rui , Zhuang Li-Li , Hoda Mir Alireza , Zhang Hao , Zhou Guo-Ping 
Published: May 2017

AbstractInterferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3) is widely known for its prompt response against viral infection by activating the interferon system. We previously reported that E2F1, Sp1 and Sp3 regulated transcriptional activity of IRF-3. Recently, different expression patterns of IRF-3 were found in lung cancer, leading to the alternation of the immunomodulatory function in tumorigenesis. However, the mechanism of transcriptional regulation of IRF-3 in lung cancer has not been extensively studied. Here, we investigated the characterization of IRF-3 promoter and found that GATA-1 bound to a specific domain of IRF-3 promoter in vitro and in vivo. We found elevated IRF-3 and decreased GATA-1 gene expression in lung adenocarcinoma in Oncomine database. Additionally, higher IRF-3 gene expression was observed in human lung adenocarcinoma, accompanied by aberrant GATA-1 protein expression. We further analyzed the relationship of GATA-1 and IRF-3 expression in lung adenocarcinoma cell lines and found that inhibition of GATA-1 by siRNA increased the promoter activity, mRNA and protein levels of IRF-3, while over-expression of GATA-1 down-regulated IRF-3 gene expression. Taken together, we conclude that reduced GATA-1 could be responsible for the upregulation of IRF-3 in lung adenocarcinoma cells through binding with a specific domain of IRF-3 promoter.
Metabolomic profiling in a Hedgehog Interacting Protein (Hhip) murine model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Wan Emily S. , Li Yan , Lao Taotao , Qiu Weiliang , Jiang Zhiqiang , Mancini John D. , Owen Caroline A. , Clish Clary , DeMeo Dawn L. , Silverman Edwin K. , Zhou Xiaobo 
Published: May 2017

AbstractGenetic variants annotated to the hedgehog interacting protein (HHIP) are robustly associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Hhip haploinsufficiency in mice leads to increased susceptibility towards the development of emphysema following exposure to chronic cigarette smoke (CS). To explore the molecular pathways which contribute to increased susceptibility, we performed metabolomic profiling using high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy (LC/MS-MS) on plasma, urine, and lung tissue of Hhip+/− heterozygotes and wild type (Hhip+/+) C57/BL6 mice exposed to either room-air or CS for six months. Univariate comparisons between groups were made with a combined fold change ≥2 and Student’s t-test p-value < 0.05 to denote significance; associations with mean alveolar chord length (MACL), a quantitative measure of emphysema, and gene-by-environment interactions were examined using empiric Bayes-mediated linear models. Decreased urinary excretion of cotinine despite comparable plasma levels was observed in Hhip+/− heterozygotes; a strong gene-by-smoking association was also observed. Correlations between MACL and markers of oxidative stress such as urinary methionine sulfoxide were observed in Hhip+/− but not in Hhip+/+ mice. Metabolite set enrichment analyses suggest reduced antioxidant capacity and alterations in macronutrient metabolism contribute to increased susceptibility to chronic CS-induced oxidative stress in Hhip haploinsufficiency states.
Controlling Light Transmission Through Highly Scattering Media Using Semi-Definite Programming as a Phase Retrieval Computation Method
Authors: N’Gom Moussa , Lien Miao-Bin , Estakhri Nooshin M. , Norris Theodore B. , Michielssen Eric , Nadakuditi Raj Rao 
Published: May 2017

AbstractComplex Semi-Definite Programming (SDP) is introduced as a novel approach to phase retrieval enabled control of monochromatic light transmission through highly scattering media. In a simple optical setup, a spatial light modulator is used to generate a random sequence of phase-modulated wavefronts, and the resulting intensity speckle patterns in the transmitted light are acquired on a camera. The SDP algorithm allows computation of the complex transmission matrix of the system from this sequence of intensity-only measurements, without need for a reference beam. Once the transmission matrix is determined, optimal wavefronts are computed that focus the incident beam to any position or sequence of positions on the far side of the scattering medium, without the need for any subsequent measurements or wavefront shaping iterations. The number of measurements required and the degree of enhancement of the intensity at focus is determined by the number of pixels controlled by the spatial light modulator.
Reverse Anti-solvent Crystallization Process for the Facile Synthesis of Zinc Tetra(4-pyridyl)porphyrin Single Crystalline Cubes
Authors: Park Yohwan , Hong Misun , Koo Jin Young , Lee Minkyung , Lee Jinho , Moon Dae Jun , Sohn So Hyeong , Joo Taiha , Lim Woo Taik , Lim Hyunseob , Choi Hee Cheul 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSynthesis of morphologically well-defined crystals of metalloporphyrin by direct crystallization based on conventional anti-solvent crystallization method without using any additives has been rarely reported. Herein, we demonstrate an unconventional and additive-free synthetic method named reverse anti-solvent crystallization method to achieve well-defined zinc-porphyrin cube crystals by reversing the order of the addition of solvents. The extended first solvation shell effect mechanism is therefore suggested to support the synthetic process by providing a novel kinetic route for reaching the local supersaturation environment depending on the order of addition of solvents, which turned out to be critical to achieve clean cube morphology of the crystal. We believe that our work not only extends fundamental knowledge about the kinetic process in binary solvent systems, but also enables great opportunities for shape-directing crystallization of various organic and organometallic compounds.
Comparison of pediatric and adult lymphomas involving the mediastinum characterized by distinctive clinicopathological and radiological features
Authors: Chen Lei , Wang Mingsong , Fan Hua , Hu Fengqing , Liu Tingting 
Published: May 2017

AbstractLymphomas involving the mediastinum occur in a wide age range and represent heterogeneous histological subtypes with various clinical symptoms and complex radiological findings. However, studies that describe the clinical and radiological features of different subtypes among Chinese pediatric and adult patients are limited. We analyzed the clinical, radiological and pathological features of 31 pediatric lymphomas involving the mediastinum, and compared them to the features of 21 adult patients. Although several histological subtypes were identified in adults, pediatric patients presented with T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma/T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-LBL/T-ALL) and classical Hodgkin lymphomas (CHL) in 24 and 7 cases, respectively. Compared to adults, pediatric patients were more likely to be male (P = 0.089) and showed a higher incidence of T-LBL/T-ALL (P = 0.001), prevalence of dyspnea (P = 0.001), frequency of stage IV tumors (P = 0.008), and ratio of tumor diameter to maximum transthoracic diameter (P = 0.015). T-LBL/T-ALL patients presented with a higher frequency with stage IV disease (P = 0.000 and P = 0.001), compression of the blood vessels (P = 0.005 and P = 0.017), and pleural effusions (P = 0.001, for both) than CHL and PMBL patients. Compared to adults, pediatric patients with mediastinal lymphomas presented with exclusive histological subtypes of T-LBL/T-ALL and CHL, which showed distinctive characteristics of histological distribution, clinical presentation and radiological assessments.
The role of flavin-containing enzymes in mitochondrial membrane hyperpolarization and ROS production in respiring Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells under heat-shock conditions
Authors: Fedoseeva Irina V. , Pyatrikas Darya V. , Stepanov Alexei V. , Fedyaeva Anna V. , Varakina Nina N. , Rusaleva Tatyana M. , Borovskii Gennadii B. , Rikhvanov Eugene G. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHeat shock is known to accelerate mitochondrial ROS production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. But how yeast mitochondria produce ROS under heat-shock condition is not completely clear. Previously, it was shown that ROS production in heat-stressed fermenting yeast cells was accompanied by mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) increase. In the current investigation the relationship between ROS production and MMP was studied in respiring yeast cells in stationary phase, using diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI), an inhibitor of flavin-containing proteins, as well as the mutants deleted for NDE1, NDE2 and NDI1 genes, encoding flavin-containing external and internal NADH dehydrogenases. It was shown that heat shock induced a transient burst in mitochondrial ROS production, which was paralleled by MMP rise. ROS production and MMP was significantly suppressed by DPI addition and deletion of NDE1. The effect of DPI on ROS production and MMP rise was specific for respiring cells. The results obtained suggest that the functioning of mitochondrial flavin-binding enzymes, Nde1p for instance, is required for the hyperpolarization of inner mitochondrial membrane and ROS production in respiring S. cerevisiae cells under heat-shock conditions.