bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Still Working in the Shadow of Men? An Analysis of Sex Distribution in Publications and
Prizes in Canadian History
Authors: Chenier Elise , Chambers Lori , Toews Anne Frances 
Published: September 2016

This project was inspired by the Canadian Historical Association’s June 2014 awards
ceremony at which the majority of prize winners were men. Why, we wondered, are so few women
awarded prizes outside the areas of women’s history, the history of sexuality, and the
history of childhood and youth? First, we asked who is working in history? To what degree
have departments achieved gender parity in hiring? Do women produce work at a rate
proportional to their presence in departments? We collected data in three categories: book
reviews, other journal content, and books published between 2004 and 2013. We found that
women produce fewer books than do men. Women’s books are less likely to be reviewed than are
books written by men and few men review books written by women, a fact with significant
implications for both advancement and the inclusion of women in the wider curriculum. Women
produce a number of articles proportionate to their presence in the discipline; we suggest
that this is because articles require less time of one’s own than do books. It is time to
revisit openly and explicitly how academic excellence is determined, and how structural
forces produce the sexual inequalities documented here and elsewhere.
Tissue and serum samples of patients with papillary thyroid cancer with and without benign background demonstrate different altered expression of proteins
Authors: Abdullah Mardiaty Iryani , Lee Ching Chin , Mat Junit Sarni , Ng Khoon Leong , Hashim Onn Haji 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundPapillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is mainly diagnosed using fine-needle aspiration biopsy. This most common form of well-differentiated thyroid cancer occurs with or without a background of benign thyroid goiter (BTG).MethodsIn the present study, a gel-based proteomics analysis was performed to analyse the expression of proteins in tissue and serum samples of PTC patients with (PTCb; n = 6) and without a history of BTG (PTCa; n = 8) relative to patients with BTG (n = 20). This was followed by confirmation of the levels of proteins which showed significant altered abundances of more than two-fold difference (p< 0.01) in the tissue and serum samples of the same subjects using ELISA.ResultsThe data of our study showed that PTCa and PTCb distinguish themselves from BTG in the types of tissue and serum proteins of altered abundance. While higher levels of alpha-1 antitrypsin (A1AT) and heat shock 70 kDa protein were associated with PTCa, lower levels of A1AT, protein disulfide isomerase and ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 N seemed apparent in the PTCb. In case of the serum proteins, higher abundances of A1AT and alpha 1-beta glycoprotein were detected in PTCa, while PTCb was associated with enhanced apolipoprotein A-IV and alpha 2-HS glycoprotein (AHSG). The different altered expression of tissue and serum A1AT as well as serum AHSG between PTCa and PTCb patients were also validated by ELISA.DiscussionThe distinctive altered abundances of the tissue and serum proteins form preliminary indications that PTCa and PTCb are two distinct cancers of the thyroid that are etiologically and mechanistically different although it is currently not possible to rule out that they may also be due other reasons such as the different stages of the malignant disease. These proteins stand to have a potential use as tissue or serum biomarkers to discriminate the three different thyroid neoplasms although this requires further validation in clinically representative populations.
Modeling the observed tropospheric BrO background: Importance of multiphase chemistry and implications for ozone, OH, and mercury
Authors: Schmidt J. A. , Jacob D. J. , Horowitz H. M. , Hu L. , Sherwen T. , Evans M. J. , Liang Q. , Suleiman R. M. , Oram D. E. , Le Breton M. , Percival C. J. , Wang S. , Dix B. , Volkamer R. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAircraft and satellite observations indicate the presence of ppt (ppt ≡ pmol/mol) levels of BrO in the free troposphere with important implications for the tropospheric budgets of ozone, OH, and mercury. We can reproduce these observations with the GEOS‐Chem global tropospheric chemistry model by including a broader consideration of multiphase halogen (Br‐Cl) chemistry than has been done in the past. Important reactions for regenerating BrO from its nonradical reservoirs include HOBr + Br−/Cl− in both aerosols and clouds, and oxidation of Br− by ClNO3 and ozone. Most tropospheric BrO in the model is in the free troposphere, consistent with observations and originates mainly from the photolysis and oxidation of ocean‐emitted CHBr3. Stratospheric input is also important in the upper troposphere. Including production of gas phase inorganic bromine from debromination of acidified sea salt aerosol increases free tropospheric Bry by about 30%. We find HOBr to be the dominant gas‐phase reservoir of inorganic bromine. Halogen (Br‐Cl) radical chemistry as implemented here in GEOS‐Chem drives 14% and 11% decreases in the global burdens of tropospheric ozone and OH, respectively, a 16% increase in the atmospheric lifetime of methane, and an atmospheric lifetime of 6 months for elemental mercury. The dominant mechanism for the Br‐Cl driven tropospheric ozone decrease is oxidation of NOx by formation and hydrolysis of BrNO3 and ClNO3.
RAM‐SCB simulations of electron transport and plasma wave scattering during the October 2012 “double‐dip” storm
Authors: Jordanova V. K. , Tu W. , Chen Y. , Morley S. K. , Panaitescu A.‐D. , Reeves G. D. , Kletzing C. A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMechanisms for electron injection, trapping, and loss in the near‐Earth space environment are investigated during the October 2012 “double‐dip” storm using our ring current‐atmosphere interactions model with self‐consistent magnetic field (RAM‐SCB). Pitch angle and energy scattering are included for the first time in RAM‐SCB using L and magnetic local time (MLT)‐dependent event‐specific chorus wave models inferred from NOAA Polar‐orbiting Operational Environmental Satellites (POES) and Van Allen Probes Electric and Magnetic Field Instrument Suite and Integrated Science observations. The dynamics of the source (approximately tens of keV) and seed (approximately hundreds of keV) populations of the radiation belts simulated with RAM‐SCB is compared with Van Allen Probes Magnetic Electron Ion Spectrometer observations in the morning sector and with measurements from NOAA 15 satellite in the predawn and afternoon MLT sectors. We find that although the low‐energy (E< 100 keV) electron fluxes are in good agreement with observations, increasing significantly by magnetospheric convection during both SYM‐H dips while decreasing during the intermediate recovery phase, the injection of high‐energy electrons is underestimated by this mechanism throughout the storm. Local acceleration by chorus waves intensifies the electron fluxes at E≥50 keV considerably, and RAM‐SCB simulations overestimate the observed trapped fluxes by more than an order of magnitude; the precipitating fluxes simulated with RAM‐SCB are weaker, and their temporal and spatial evolutions agree well with POES/Medium Energy Proton and Electron Detectors data.
Emission of magnetosound from MHD‐unstable shear flow boundaries
Authors: Turkakin H. , Rankin R. , Mann I. R. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe emission of propagating MHD waves from the boundaries of flow channels that are unstable to the Kelvin‐Helmholtz Instability (KHI) in magnetized plasma is investigated. The KHI and MHD wave emission are found to be two competing processes. It is shown that the fastest growing modes of the KHI surface waves do not coincide with efficient wave energy transport away from a velocity shear boundary. MHD wave emission is found to be inefficient when growth rates of KHI surface waves are maximum, which corresponds to the situation where the ambient magnetic field is perpendicular to the flow channel velocity vector. The efficiency of wave emission increases with increasing magnetic field tension, which in Earth's magnetosphere likely dominates along the nightside magnetopause tailward of the terminator, and within earthward Bursty Bulk Flows (BBFs) in the inner plasma sheet. MHD wave emission may also dominate in Supra‐Arcade Downflows (SADs) in the solar corona. Our results suggest that efficient emission of propagating MHD waves along BBF and SAD boundaries can potentially explain observations of deceleration and stopping of BBFs and SADs.
Coronal magnetic field profiles from shock‐CME standoff distances
Authors: Schmidt J. M. , Cairns Iver H. , Gopalswamy N. , Yashiro S. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractCoronagraphs observe coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and driven shocks in white light images. From these observations the shock's speed and the shock's standoff distance from the CME's leading edge can be derived. Using these quantities, theoretical relationships between the shock's Alfvénic Mach number MA and standoff distance, and empirical radial profiles for the solar wind velocity and number density, the radial magnetic field profile upstream of the shock can be calculated. These profiles cannot be measured directly. We test the accuracy of this method for estimating the radial magnetic field profile upstream of the shock by simulating a sample CME that occurred on 29 November 2013 using the three‐dimensional (3‐D) magnetohydrodynamic Block‐Adaptive‐Tree‐Solarwind‐Roe‐Upwind‐Scheme code, retrieving shock‐CME standoff distances from the simulation, and comparing the estimated and simulated radial magnetic field profiles. We find good agreement between the two profiles (within ±30%) between 1.8 and 10 R⊙. Our simulations confirm that a linear relationship exists between the standoff distance and the inverse compression ratio at the shock. We also find very good agreement between the empirical and simulated radial profiles of the number density and speed of the solar wind and inner corona.
An Aqueous Symmetric Sodium‐Ion Battery with NASICON‐Structured Na3MnTi(PO4)3
Authors: Gao Hongcai , Goodenough John B. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA symmetric sodium‐ion battery with an aqueous electrolyte is demonstrated; it utilizes the NASICON‐structured Na3MnTi(PO4)3 as both the anode and the cathode. The NASICON‐structured Na3MnTi(PO4)3 possesses two electrochemically active transition metals with the redox couples of Ti4+/Ti3+ and Mn3+/Mn2+ working on the anode and cathode sides, respectively. The symmetric cell based on this bipolar electrode material exhibits a well‐defined voltage plateau centered at about 1.4 V in an aqueous electrolyte with a stable cycle performance and superior rate capability. The advent of aqueous symmetric sodium‐ion battery with high safety and low cost may provide a solution for large‐scale stationary energy storage.
Nanoscopic Visualization of Soft Matter Using Fluorescent Diarylethene Photoswitches
Authors: Nevskyi Oleksii , Sysoiev Dmytro , Oppermann Alex , Huhn Thomas , Wöll Dominik 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe in situ imaging of soft matter is of paramount importance for a detailed understanding of functionality on the nanoscopic scale. Although super‐resolution fluorescence microscopy methods with their unprecedented imaging capabilities have revolutionized research in the life sciences, this potential has been far less exploited in materials science. One of the main obstacles for a more universal application of super‐resolved fluorescence microscopy methods is the limitation of readily available suitable dyes to overcome the diffraction limit. Here, we report a novel diarylethene‐based photoswitch with a highly fluorescent closed and a nonfluorescent open form. Its photophysical properties, switching behavior, and high photostability make the dye an ideal candidate for photoactivation localization microscopy (PALM). It is capable of resolving apolar structures with an accuracy far beyond the diffraction limit of optical light in cylindrical micelles formed by amphiphilic block copolymers.
Revisiting the late prehistoric sequence of the Port Moresby region of Papua New Guinea: The continuing contribution of Susan Bulmer
Authors: SUTTON NICHOLAS , VILGALYS GABRIELIUS , SUMMERHAYES GLENN , FORD ANNE 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTSusan Bulmer's PhD thesis, “Prehistoric culture change in the Port Moresby region”, was a very important, and still often cited, contribution to Papuan South Coast prehistory in the 1970s. Fieldwork for the thesis included the excavation of important sites at Taurama Beach and on Nebira Hill. This paper outlines recent archaeological and bioarchaeological research on stone artefacts, pottery and skeletal materials from these sites and discusses the implications of this research for early ideas about late prehistoric culture change in the Port Moresby region. The results of the recent studies suggest a complex of cultural (Austronesian and Papuan) and environmental influences, as well as population movements into the region over the past 1200 years, leading to the state of affairs at the close of prehistory. This picture is similar to that painted by Bulmer and others during the pioneering period of Papuan South Coast archaeology over 40 years ago.
Smith Predictor Based Fractional‐Order‐Filter PID Controllers Design for Long Time Delay Systems
Authors: Bettayeb Maamar , Mansouri Rachid , Al‐Saggaf Ubaid , Mehedi Ibrahim Mustafa 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn this paper, an original model‐based analytical method is developed to design a fractional order controller combined with a Smith predictor and a modified Smith predictor that yield control systems which are robust to changes in the process parameters. This method can be applied for integer order systems and for fractional order ones. Based on the Bode's ideal transfer function, the fractional order controllers are designed via the internal model control principle. The simulation results demonstrate the successful performance of the proposed method for controlling integer as well as fractional order linear stable systems with long time delay.
Modeling traffic operation at signalized intersections without explicit left‐turn yielding rules with an enhanced cell transmission model
Authors: Gao Yunfeng , Liu Yue , Hu Hua , Ge Ying‐en 
Published: September 2016

SummaryThis paper presents an enhanced cell transmission model (CTM) to capture traffic operation at signalized intersections without explicit permissive left‐turn yielding rules (i.e. aggressive permissive left‐turn maneuvers may not necessarily yield to opposing through traffic), which can be widely observed in many developing countries. Different from previous studies that focus on traffic dynamics on approaching links, this study contributes to modeling traffic operations within the intersection. A novel cell transmission framework with various types of virtual cells is proposed to model the dynamics of traffic movements from approach to exit. The unique phenomenon of competitive occupying of the conflict point between the left turn and opposing through movements is modeled. The cell state indicating its blockage is proposed to capture the dynamic queue formulation and dissipation and to evaluate the operational traffic performance at the intersection. Field validation results show that the proposed model can capture the operation of traffic at signalized intersections without explicit permissive left‐turn yielding rules with significantly higher level of accuracy than traditional traffic flow models. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genetic association of the glycine cleavage system genes and myelomeningocele
Authors: Shah Rita H. , Northrup Hope , Hixson James E. , Morrison Alanna C. , Au Kit Sing 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundNeural tube defects (NTDs) are one of the most common congenital birth defects, with myelomeningocele (MM) being the most severe form compatible with life. Recent studies show a link between mitochondrial folate one carbon metabolism and NTDs by means of the glycine cleavage system (GCS). We hypothesize that single nucleotide polymorphisms and novel variants in the coding regions of the GCS genes increase the risk for MM.MethodsDNA was obtained from 96 subjects with MM born before the United States mandated folic acid fortification of grains in 1998. Primers were designed for polymerase chain reaction amplification and sequencing of all exons in the AMT gene, one of four genes in the GCS, followed by identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms and novel variants. An additional 252 MM subjects underwent whole exome sequencing to examine all four GCS genes (aminomethyltransferase, glycine dehydrogenase, glycine cleavage system protein‐H, and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase).ResultsWe identified six novel, heterozygous variants in the AMT gene with three predicted to be deleterious to AMT function (p.Val7Leu, p.Pro251Arg, and p.Val380Met). Five extremely rare, known heterozygous variants were found in the AMT gene and one in the GLDC gene. No novel variants in the exons of the other two GCS genes (DLD and GCSH) were identified.ConclusionWe identified novel and rare, known variants in two of the four GCS genes that may contribute to the development of MM. Consistent with previous findings, the current study provides additional support that genetic variations in GCS genes contribute to the risk of NTDs. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 106:847–853, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Extraction of Y2O3:Cr3+ nanophosphor by eco‐friendly approach and its suitability for white light‐emitting diode applications
Authors: Prasanna Kumar J. B. , Ramgopal G. , Sunitha D. V. , Prasad B. Daruka , Nagabhushana H. , Vidya Y. S. , Anantharaju K. S. , Prashantha S. C. , Sharma S. C. , Prabhakara K. R. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractCr3+‐doped Y2O3 (0.5–9 mol%) was synthesized by a simple solution combustion method using Aloe vera gel as a fuel/surfactant. The final obtained product was calcined at 750°C for 3 h, which is the lowest temperature reported so far for the synthesis of this compound. The calcined product was confirmed for its crystallinity and purity by powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD) studies which showed a single‐phase nano cubic phosphor. The particles size estimated by Scherrer formula was in the range of 6–19 nm. The UV–vis spectra showed absorption bands at 198, 272 and 372 nm having band gap energy in the range 4.00–4.26 eV. In order to investigate the possibility of its use in white light emitting display applications, the photoluminescence properties of Cr3+‐doped Y2O3 nanophosphors were studied at an excitation wavelength in the near ultraviolet (UV) light region (361 nm). The emission spectra consisted of emission peaks in the blue (4F9/2 → 6H15/2), orange (4F9/2 → 6H13/2) and red (4F9/2 → 6H11/2) regions. The CIE coordinates (0.33, 0.33) lie in the white light region. Hence Y2O3:Cr3+ can be used for white light‐emitting diode (LED) applications.
miR‐346 and miR‐582‐3p‐regulated EG‐VEGF expression and trophoblast invasion via matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9
Authors: Su Mei‐Tsz , Tsai Pei‐Yin , Tsai Hui‐Ling , Chen Yi‐Chi , Kuo Pao‐Lin 
Published: September 2016

AbstractEndocrine gland‐derived vascular endothelial growth factor (EG‐VEGF) is an important regulator for embryo implantation and placental development, and is clinically associated with several obstetric disorders related to insufficient or inappropriate trophoblast invasion, such as recurrent abortion, preeclampsia, and intrauterine fetal growth restriction. This study was performed to identify the microRNAs targeting EG‐VEGF, and evaluate the regulatory effect on trophoblast biology. miR‐346 and miR‐582‐3p were initially identified via bioinformatic tools, and their specific binding sites on the EG‐VEGF 3′UTR were further confirmed using dual luciferase and a co‐transfection assays. miR‐346 and miR‐582‐3p were demonstrated not only to suppress EG‐VEGF expression, but also inhibit trophoblast invasion and migration in the JAR and HTR‐8/SVneo cell lines. We further evaluated the effect of microRNAs in HTR‐8/SVneo cells coexpressing EG‐VEGF and miR‐346 or miR‐582‐3p on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP 2 and MMP 9) and the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP 1 and TIMP 2) using RT‐PCR, western blotting and gelatin zymography. TIMP 1 and TIMP 2 were not affected by the two microRNAs, whereas the expressions and activities of MMP 2 and MMP 9 were significantly downregulated, which in turn inhibited the invasion ability of trophoblasts. In conclusion, miR‐346 and miR‐582‐3p regulate EG‐VEGF‐induced trophoblast invasion through repressing MMP 2 and MMP 9, and may become novel diagnostic biomarkers or therapeutic targets for EG‐VEGF‐related obstetric disorders. © 2016 BioFactors, 43(2):210–219, 2017
Pinus halepensis, Pinus pinaster, Pinus pinea and Pinus sylvestris Essential Oils Chemotypes and Monoterpene Hydrocarbon Enantiomers, before and after Inoculation with the Pinewood Nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus
Authors: Rodrigues Ana M. , Mendes Marta D. , Lima Ana S. , Barbosa Pedro M. , Ascensão Lia , Barroso José G. , Pedro Luis G. , Mota Manuel M. , Figueiredo A. Cristina 
Published: September 2016

Pinewood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is the causal agent of pine wilt disease, a serious threat to global forest populations of conifers, especially Pinus spp. A time‐course study of the essential oils (EOs) of 2‐year‐old Pinus halepensis, Pinus pinaster, Pinus pinea and Pinus sylvestris following inoculation with the PWN was performed. The constitutive and nematode inoculation induced EOs components were analyzed at both the wounding or inoculation areas and at the whole plant level. The enantiomeric ratio of optically active main EOs components was also evaluated. External symptoms of infection were observed only in P. pinaster and P. sylvestris 21 and 15 days after inoculation, respectively. The EO composition analysis of uninoculated and unwounded plants revealed the occurrence of chemotypes for P. pinaster, P. halepensis and P. sylvestris, whereas P. pinea showed a homogenous EO composition. When whole plants were evaluated for EO and monoterpene hydrocarbon enantiomeric chemical composition, no relevant qualitative and quantitative differences were found. Instead, EO analysis of inoculated and uninoculated wounded areas revealed an increase of sesquiterpenes and diterpenic compounds, especially in P. pinea and P. halepensis, comparatively to healthy whole plants EOs.