bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating, predicting and mapping belowground carbon stores in Kenyan mangroves
Authors: Gress Selena K. , Huxham Mark , Kairo James G. , Mugi Lilian M. , Briers Robert A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractDespite covering only approximately 138 000 km2, mangroves are globally important carbon sinks with carbon density values three to four times that of terrestrial forests. A key challenge in evaluating the carbon benefits from mangrove forest conservation is the lack of rigorous spatially resolved estimates of mangrove sediment carbon stocks; most mangrove carbon is stored belowground. Previous work has focused on detailed estimations of carbon stores over relatively small areas, which has obvious limitations in terms of generality and scope of application. Most studies have focused only on quantifying the top 1 m of belowground carbon (BGC). Carbon stored at depths beyond 1 m, and the effects of mangrove species, location and environmental context on these stores, are poorly studied. This study investigated these variables at two sites (Gazi and Vanga in the south of Kenya) and used the data to produce a country‐specific BGC predictive model for Kenya and map BGC store estimates throughout Kenya at spatial scales relevant for climate change research, forest management and REDD+ (reduced emissions from deforestation and degradation). The results revealed that mangrove species was the most reliable predictor of BGC; Rhizophora muronata had the highest mean BGC with 1485.5 t C ha−1. Applying the species‐based predictive model to a base map of species distribution in Kenya for the year 2010 with a 2.5 m2 resolution produced an estimate of 69.41 Mt C [±9.15 95% confidence interval (C.I.)] for BGC in Kenyan mangroves. When applied to a 1992 mangrove distribution map, the BGC estimate was 75.65 Mt C (±12.21 95% C.I.), an 8.3% loss in BGC stores between 1992 and 2010 in Kenya. The country‐level mangrove map provides a valuable tool for assessing carbon stocks and visualizing the distribution of BGC. Estimates at the 2.5 m2 resolution provide sufficient details for highlighting and prioritizing areas for mangrove conservation and restoration.
Do dynamic global vegetation models capture the seasonality of carbon fluxes in the Amazon basin? A data‐model intercomparison
Authors: Restrepo‐Coupe Natalia , Levine Naomi M. , Christoffersen Bradley O. , Albert Loren P. , Wu Jin , Costa Marcos H. , Galbraith David , Imbuzeiro Hewlley , Martins Giordane , da Araujo Alessandro C. , Malhi Yadvinder S. , Zeng Xubin , Moorcroft Paul , Saleska Scott R. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractTo predict forest response to long‐term climate change with high confidence requires that dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) be successfully tested against ecosystem response to short‐term variations in environmental drivers, including regular seasonal patterns. Here, we used an integrated dataset from four forests in the Brasil flux network, spanning a range of dry‐season intensities and lengths, to determine how well four state‐of‐the‐art models (IBIS, ED2, JULES, and CLM3.5) simulated the seasonality of carbon exchanges in Amazonian tropical forests. We found that most DGVMs poorly represented the annual cycle of gross primary productivity (GPP), of photosynthetic capacity (Pc), and of other fluxes and pools. Models simulated consistent dry‐season declines in GPP in the equatorial Amazon (Manaus K34, Santarem K67, and Caxiuanã CAX); a contrast to observed GPP increases. Model simulated dry‐season GPP reductions were driven by an external environmental factor, ‘soil water stress’ and consequently by a constant or decreasing photosynthetic infrastructure (Pc), while observed dry‐season GPP resulted from a combination of internal biological (leaf‐flush and abscission and increased Pc) and environmental (incoming radiation) causes. Moreover, we found models generally overestimated observed seasonal net ecosystem exchange (NEE) and respiration (Re) at equatorial locations. In contrast, a southern Amazon forest (Jarú RJA) exhibited dry‐season declines in GPP and Re consistent with most DGVMs simulations. While water limitation was represented in models and the primary driver of seasonal photosynthesis in southern Amazonia, changes in internal biophysical processes, light‐harvesting adaptations (e.g., variations in leaf area index (LAI) and increasing leaf‐level assimilation rate related to leaf demography), and allocation lags between leaf and wood, dominated equatorial Amazon carbon flux dynamics and were deficient or absent from current model formulations. Correctly simulating flux seasonality at tropical forests requires a greater understanding and the incorporation of internal biophysical mechanisms in future model developments.
Minor post‐extraction complications other than BRONJ in older patients on oral bisphosphonates – a retrospective study
Authors: Lain Russell , Ajwani Shilpi 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundOral bisphosphonates (BP) have been prescribed widely in osteoporosis patients. Bisphosphonate‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) has been reported as a major complication, but there is little information about minor complications.ObjectiveThis retrospective study describes post‐operative complications – other than BRONJ – associated with dental extractions in patients on oral BP and compares outcomes with patients not on oral BP.MethodsThe study period was 2004–05 ending December 2005, prior to the introduction of protocols for minimising risks related to extractions in patients on BP therapy. Records of patients aged 60 years and over who underwent extractions during this period at Sydney Dental Hospital were examined and post‐operative complications analysed.ResultsThere were 266 participants identified on oral BP therapy out of an available number of 3811 available files based retrospectively from records of 4126 participants who underwent extractions during the two‐year period. In the oral BP group, 10% had complications compared with 2% in the non‐oral BP group (p < 0.0001). This relationship remained significant even after adjusting for age, gender, operator, type and site of procedure. Delayed healing (36%) and exposed alveolar bone which required an intervention (31%) were the most common complications in the BP group.ConclusionThe prevalence of minor post‐operative complications among BP participants was significantly higher than in non‐BP participants. The nature of the complications was in the range of pathology familiar to – and treatable by – the general dentist.
Local vs. Regional Groundwater Flow Delineation from Stable Isotopes at Western North America Springs
Authors: Springer Abraham E. , Boldt Elizabeth M. , Junghans Katie M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe recharge location for many springs is unknown because they can be sourced from proximal, shallow, atmospheric sources or long‐traveled, deep, regional aquifers. The stable isotope (18O and 2H) geochemistry of springs water can provide cost‐effective indications of relative flow path distance without the expense of drilling boreholes, conducting geophysical studies, or building groundwater flow models. Locally sourced springs generally have an isotopic signature similar to local precipitation for that region and elevation. Springs with a very different isotopic composition than local meteoric inputs likely have non‐local recharge, representing a regional source. We tested this local vs. regional flow derived hypothesis with data from a new, large springs isotopic database from studies across Western North America in Arizona, Nevada, and Alberta. The combination of location‐specific precipitation data with stable isotopic groundwater data provides an effective method for flow path determination at springs. We found springs in Arizona issue from a mix of regional and local recharge sources. These springs have a weak elevation trend across 1588 m of elevation where higher elevation springs are only slightly more depleted than low elevation springs with a δ18O variation of 5.9‰. Springs sampled in Nevada showed a strong elevation‐isotope relationship with high‐elevation sites discharging depleted waters and lower elevation springs issuing enriched waters; only a 2.6‰ difference exists in 18O values over an elevation range of more than 1500 m. Alberta's springs are mostly sourced from local flow systems and show a moderate elevation trend of 1200 m, but the largest range in δ18O, 7.1‰.
Red blood cell distribution width: can it be a predictive marker for long‐term valvular involvement in children with acute rheumatic carditis?
Authors: Kucuk M. , Ozdemir R. , Karadeniz C. , Celegen K. , Demirol M. , Yilmazer M. M. , Mese T. , Unal N. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryIntroductionIn this study, we aimed to evaluate Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) in patients with acute rheumatic carditis during the acute phase and after anti‐inflammatory therapy.MethodsPediatric patients diagnosed with acute rheumatic carditis (ARC) between 2006 and 2014 and age‐ and sex‐matched controls were retrospectively analyzed. At the time of diagnosis and after 2 months of medical therapy, we reviewed the obtained demographic features; echocardiographic data; complete blood count reports, including RDW; acute phase reactants, including C‐reactive protein; and erythrocyte sedimentation rate values.ResultsThe number of the cases with ARC and age‐ and sex‐matched controls were 100 and 110, respectively. The mean age of patients was 11.6 ± 2.5 years. WBC and platelet counts, RDW were found to be significantly higher in patient group compared with controls at the time of diagnosis, prior to the onset of treatment. RDW, platelet count, CRP, and ESR levels significantly decreased after an 8 weeks of medical treatment. RDW values after the medical treatment were still significantly higher compared with controls. RDW values were significantly higher in patients with multiple valvular involvement both prior to and after the treatment. Moreover, we found a significant and positive correlation between the RDW and the severity of mitral regurgitation in our patients (r: 0.46, P < 0.001).ConclusionsHigh levels of RDW after initial medical treatment may indicate an ongoing subtle inflammatory process that leads to future stenotic valvular lesions. However, long‐term follow‐up studies are needed involving adulthood period to support this hypothesis.
Attention bias modification for youth with social anxiety disorder
Authors: Pergamin‐Hight Lee , Pine Daniel S. , Fox Nathan A. , Bar‐Haim Yair 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundAttention bias modification treatment (ABMT) targets threat‐related attention biases in anxiety disorders. Most clinical trials of ABMT have focused on adults or small samples of youth. The current randomized controlled trial (RCT) examines ABMT efficacy in youth with social anxiety disorder (SAD) and tests possible moderators of treatment outcomes.MethodSixty‐seven youth with SAD were randomly assigned to ABMT or attention control training (ACT) conditions. Anxiety severity was measured at baseline, posttreatment, and 3‐month follow‐up. ClinicalTrials.gov name and identifier: Attention bias modification treatment for children with social anxiety, NCT01397032; http://www.clinicaltrials.gov.ResultsBoth ABMT and ACT induced significant reductions in clinician and self‐rated social anxiety (ps < .001). An additional reduction was observed at the 3‐month follow‐up in clinician‐rated anxiety symptoms (p = .03). Moderation effects were nonsignificant for the clinician‐rated anxiety outcome, but age moderated self‐reported anxiety. Older but not younger children, showed significant reduction in anxiety following ABMT relative to ACT (p < .001). Individual differences in attention control also moderated ABMT's effect on self‐reported anxiety (p = .05). Children rated by their parents as lower on attention control benefited more from ABMT than those rated higher on attention control. Baseline attention bias did not moderate anxiety (p = .17).ConclusionsDespite significant reductions in social anxiety, no specific evidence for ABMT was found relative to a control condition. Age and attention control moderated ABMT effects on self‐reported SAD symptoms, with clinical effects for older relative to younger children and for those with lower attention control. These results highlight the need to consider developmental influences in the implementation of ABMT protocols.
Flow Characterization of Milk Protein Foam Transport in Horizontal Channels
Authors: Zoheidi Ladan , Chin Hyoungtak , Rauh Cornelia , Delgado Antonio 
Published: July 2016

AbstractFoams are considered as highly complex phenomena and their complexity becomes more challenging when they start to flow. An experimental foaming system based on the milk protein foam was developed in order to investigate the foam flow characterization which enabled the foam transport through a horizontal channel. The article presents the macroscopic phenomena, mechanism and flow characterization of milk protein foam during mechanical transport. The protein foam quality was obtained by controlling the gas and liquid flowrate. The pressure gradient was measured as a function of the foam quality and the influence of the gas and liquid flowrate on the pressure drop was studied. The foam flow revealed a uniform profile within a pressure drop deviation of 600–850 Pam‐1. The foam rheology was described by the well‐known Moody chart for Newtonian fluids and the empirical power‐law model. The corresponding friction factor and Reynolds number were obtained from the entire foam qualities exhibited a close agreement with the well‐known equation for laminar flow of a single Newtonian fluid in a pipe (
) with a constant value of 36.723 and an exponent of 1.034.Practical ApplicationsThe improvement of foam product qualities in food stuffs is undoubtedly a major concern for food producers. Because proteins are widely used foaming agents in food industry, a comprehensive knowledge of protein foam flow is required. The aim of this study was assigned to offer the first experimental results in terms of the milk protein foam flow dynamics, corresponding pressure gradient and related foam rheology in a horizontal channel flow in order to improve the manufacturing process.
Analysis of polymorphism and hepatic expression of duodenal cytochrome b in chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Rudnicka Alina , Woziwodzka Anna , Wróblewska Anna , Rybicka Magda , Bielawski Krzysztof P , Sikorska Katarzyna , Bernat Agnieszka 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackground and AimPathological iron overload is commonly found in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients and considered as a negative prognostic factor of the disease. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs884409 in duodenal cytochrome b gene (CYBRD1) is implicated in the pathogenesis of hemochromatosis. In our study we investigated the impact of the CYBRD1 genotype and expression on iron overload in CHC patients.MethodsLiver biopsy specimens and whole blood samples from 243 patients with CHC were included in the study. Iron deposits in hepatocytes, serum markers of iron overload, and expression profile of gene‐regulators of iron homeostasis were analyzed. Genotyping and analysis of gene expression of the CYBRD1 were performed. The frequency of SNP and the expression levels of CYBRD1 were compared between the groups of patients with and without markers of iron overload.ResultsThe single nucleotide variant rs884409 G was associated with elevated serum iron levels, increased markers of liver inflammation, and oxidative stress. Hepatic expression of CYBRD1 was associated with the expression of Tfr2, Id1, and HO‐1 genes, serum ferritin levels, and with increased iron accumulation in liver.ConclusionThese results implicate CYBRD1 involvement in iron homeostasis in CHC.
Prognostic significance of number of nodes removed in patients with node‐negative early cervical cancer
Authors: Mao Siyue , Dong Jun , Li Sheng , Wang Yiqi , Wu Peihong 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to investigate whether the number of removed lymph nodes was associated with survival of patients with node‐negative early cervical cancer and to analyze the prognostic significance of clinical and pathologic features in these patients.MethodsPatients with FIGO stage IA–IIB cervical cancer who underwent radical hysterectomy with lymphadenectomy without receiving preoperative therapy were reviewed retrospectively. Patients were all proved to have lymph‐node‐negative disease and classified into five groups based on the number of nodes removed. The Kaplan–Meier method and Cox's proportional hazards regression model were used in prognostic analysis.ResultsThe final dataset included 359 patients: 45 (12.5%) patients had ≤10 nodes removed, 93 (25.9%) had 11–15, 98 (27.3%) had 16–20, 64 (17.8%) had 21–25, and 59 (16.4%) had >25 nodes removed. There was no association between the number of nodes removed and survival of patients with node‐negative early cervical cancer (χ2 = 6.19, P = 0.185). Similarly, subgroup analyses for FIGO stage IB1–IIB also showed that the number of lymph nodes was not significantly related to survival in each stage. Multivariate analyses showed that histology and depth of invasion were independent prognostic factors for survival in these patients.ConclusionIf a standardized lymphadenectomy is performed, the number of lymph nodes removed is not an independent prognostic factor for patients with node‐negative early cervical cancer. Our study suggests that there is inconclusive evidence to support survival benefit of complete lymphadenectomy among these patients.
Relation between quality of life and mental health in pregnant women with prior pregnancy loss
Authors: Abbaspoor Zahra , Razmju Parvanah Sarparast , Hekmat Kadijah 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAimThis paper intends to compare quality of life (QoL) and mental health among pregnant women with and without previous pregnancy loss.MethodsAn analytical cross‐sectional study was conducted on 409 women between the 16th and 30th weeks of gestation in health centers in Ahvaz, Iran, including 145 women with prior pregnancy loss (group 1) and 264 women without such history (group 2). Data were collected using the QoL Short Form‐36 questionnaire, the Mental Health Questionnaire 25 and a questionnaire for assessing sociodemographic variables. Data were analyzed using spss version 22. Results were analyzed using the χ2‐test, the Student's t‐test and logistic regression. P < 0.05 was defined as statistically significant.ResultsThere was a significant difference between the two groups in respect to QoL and mental health. Women with previous pregnancy loss had lower scores in total and in all subscales of the QoL Short Form‐36 (P < 0.001) and higher scores in total and in six out of the nine subscales of the Mental Health Questionnaire 25 compared to women without these histories.ConclusionWomen with history of spontaneous abortion and stillbirth seem to have poorer QoL and mental health during their subsequent pregnancy than those without such experience.
Case of a woman with acromegaly whose presenting complaint was prolonged post‐partum amenorrhea
Authors: Hara Tomomi , Kanasaki Haruhiko , Oride Aki , Moriyama Masayuki , Kyo Satoru 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe report a case of a woman who was incidentally diagnosed with acromegaly after referral for prolonged post‐partum amenorrhea. A 25‐year‐old woman, gravida 2 para 1, had a normal transvaginal delivery and breastfeeding had been discontinued more than a year after delivery. Thereafter, spontaneous menstruation did not restart and she underwent hormonal therapy. Subsequently, she was referred to our university hospital for prolonged amenorrhea. Hormonal examination revealed severe hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (luteinizing hormone 0.5 mIU/mL, follicle‐stimulating hormone < 1.0 mIU/mL, estradiol 13 pg/mL), along with a modest increase in serum prolactin levels (43.2 ng/mL). She also complained of milk ejection on nipple stimulation. Magnetic resonance imaging of the head was performed, because an organic abnormality in the central nervous system was suspected to be causing the amenorrhea, which revealed mass lesions extending from the pituitary fossa to the suprasellar area with similar signal intensity as the gray matter. In addition, bitemporal hemianopsia was observed on campimetry. After further examination, the patient was diagnosed with acromegaly.
Influence of graded levels of calcium and vitamin K in the diets of laying hens during the growing phase and their effects on the laying phase
Authors: Souza C. , Santos T. C. , Murakami A. E. , Iwaki L. C. V. , Mello J. F. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of vitamin K (vit K) and Ca in the diets of laying hens on bone and blood parameters and performance during the growing phase and the effects on the laying phase up to 32 weeks. The study utilized 120 Hy‐Line W‐36 pullets in the growing phase (13–18 weeks), 80 laying hens in the production phase (20–32 weeks), distributed in a completely randomized design in a 2 × 5 factorial arrangement, two levels of Ca (0.8 and 1.4%) and five levels of vit K supplementation (0, 2, 8, 16 and 32 mg/kg) with four experimental units. An experimental diet was fed during the growing phase, and the commercial diet was fed during the production phase and were analysed for biochemistry and bone variables at 18 and 32 weeks. In pullets, a significant interaction of levels of vit K and Ca was observed for total serum calcium (mg/dl), Seedor index, Ca in the bones (%) and medullary bone (%). Pullets at 18 weeks of age, receiving diets with 1.4% Ca, displayed a quadratic effect of vit K with better results for these variables with 17.86, 14.59, 14.48 and 16.80 mg/kg of vit K, respectively. For level 0.8% Ca no effect of vit K was observed. The treatments during the growing phase had no effect on egg production, performance and biochemistry serum until 32 weeks. Medullary bone (%), there was a significant interaction for 1.4% Ca and a quadratic effect for vit K, with greater medullary bone areas observed with 6.09 mg/kg vit K in the diet. Supplementation with vit K in a diet with 1.4% Ca during the growing phase allowed for an increase in the area of medullary bone at 18 weeks, which was maintained until 32 weeks.
Fluids during diagenesis and sulfate vein formation in sediments at Gale crater, Mars
Authors: Schwenzer S. P. , Bridges J. C. , Wiens R. C. , Conrad P. G. , Kelley S. P. , Leveille R. , Mangold N. , Martín‐Torres J. , McAdam A. , Newsom H. , Zorzano M. P. , Rapin W. , Spray J. , Treiman A. H. , Westall F. , Fairén A. G. , Meslin P.‐Y. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe model the fluids involved in the alteration processes recorded in the Sheepbed Member mudstones of Yellowknife Bay (YKB), Gale crater, Mars, as revealed by the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover investigations. We compare the Gale crater waters with fluids modeled for shergottites, nakhlites, and the ancient meteorite ALH 84001, as well as rocks analyzed by the Mars Exploration rovers, and with terrestrial ground and surface waters. The aqueous solution present during sediment alteration associated with phyllosilicate formation at Gale was high in Na, K, and Si; had low Mg, Fe, and Al concentrations—relative to terrestrial groundwaters such as the Deccan Traps and other modeled Mars fluids; and had near neutral to alkaline pH. Ca and S species were present in the 10−3 to 10−2 concentration range. A fluid local to Gale crater strata produced the alteration products observed by Curiosity and subsequent evaporation of this groundwater‐type fluid formed impure sulfate‐ and silica‐rich deposits—veins or horizons. In a second, separate stage of alteration, partial dissolution of this sulfate‐rich layer in Yellowknife Bay, or beyond, led to the pure sulfate veins observed in YKB. This scenario is analogous to similar processes identified at a terrestrial site in Triassic sediments with gypsum veins of the Mercia Mudstone Group in Watchet Bay, UK.