bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Swimming activity and energetic costs of adult lake sturgeon during fishway passage
Authors: Thiem Jason D. , Dawson Jeff W. , Hatin Daniel , Danylchuk Andy J. , Dumont Pierre , Gleiss Adrian C. , Wilson Rory P. , Cooke Steven J. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
Fish migrations through riverine systems can be energetically demanding, and the presence of fishways to facilitate upstream passage can add an additional energetic cost that may directly affect fitness. Successful fishway passage is a function of the ability of fish to select appropriate paths and swimming strategies that do not exceed their swimming capacity. Triaxial accelerometers were used to estimate the energetic expenditure of adult lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) swimming through a vertical slot fishway, to determine whether individual behaviour or path selection, resulting in differences in cumulative energy use, explain fishway passage success. Most individuals attempted to pass the fishway (n=30/44; 68%), although successful passage only occurred for a subset of those attempting (n=7/30; 23%). High-speed swimming was rarely observed during upstream passage through fishway basins, and was of short duration. Two turning basins delayed passage, subsequently resulting in a higher energetic cost. The rate at which energy was expended did not differ among successful and unsuccessful individuals, although successful sturgeon exhibited higher costs of transport (42.75 versus 25.85 J kg−1 m−1). Energy expenditure metrics were not predictive of successful fishway passage, leading us to conclude that other endogenous or exogenous factors influence passage success. In a practical application of field measurements of energy expenditure, we demonstrate that fishway passage through a structure designed to facilitate migration does result in an energetic loss for lake sturgeon (3249–16,331 J kg−1), equivalent to individuals travelling 5.8–28.2 km in a lentic system.
Telomere dynamics in free-living edible dormice (Glis glis): the impact of hibernation and food supply
Authors: Hoelzl Franz , Cornils Jessica S. , Smith Steve , Moodley Yoshan , Ruf Thomas 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
We studied the impact of hibernation and food supply on relative telomere length (RTL), an indicator for aging and somatic maintenance, in free-living edible dormice. Small hibernators such as dormice have ∼50% higher maximum longevity than non-hibernators. Increased longevity could theoretically be due to prolonged torpor directly slowing cellular damage and RTL shortening. However, although mitosis is arrested in mammals at low body temperatures, recent evidence points to accelerated RTL shortening during periodic re-warming (arousal) from torpor. Therefore, we hypothesized that these arousals during hibernation should have a negative effect on RTL. Here, we show that RTL was shortened in all animals over the course of ∼1 year, during which dormice hibernated for 7.5–11.4 months. The rate of periodic arousals, rather than the time spent euthermic during the hibernation season, was the best predictor of RTL shortening. This finding points to negative effects on RTL of the transition from low torpor to high euthermic body temperature and metabolic rate during arousals, possibly because of increased oxidative stress. The animals were, however, able to elongate their telomeres during the active season, when food availability was increased by supplemental feeding in a year of low natural food abundance. We conclude that in addition to their energetic costs, periodic arousals also lead to accelerated cellular damage in terms of RTL shortening. Although dormice are able to counteract and even over-compensate for the negative effects of hibernation, restoration of RTL appears to be energetically costly.
To crash or not to crash: how do hoverflies cope with free-fall situations and weightlessness?
Authors: Goulard Roman , Vercher Jean-Louis , Viollet Stéphane 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTInsects’ aptitude to perform hovering, automatic landing and tracking tasks involves accurately controlling their head and body roll and pitch movements, but how this attitude control depends on an internal estimation of gravity orientation is still an open question. Gravity perception in flying insects has mainly been studied in terms of grounded animals' tactile orientation responses, but it has not yet been established whether hoverflies use gravity perception cues to detect a nearly weightless state at an early stage. Ground-based microgravity simulators provide biologists with useful tools for studying the effects of changes in gravity. However, in view of the cost and the complexity of these set-ups, an alternative Earth-based free-fall procedure was developed with which flying insects can be briefly exposed to microgravity under various visual conditions. Hoverflies frequently initiated wingbeats in response to an imposed free fall in all the conditions tested, but managed to avoid crashing only in variably structured visual environments, and only episodically in darkness. Our results reveal that the crash-avoidance performance of these insects in various visual environments suggests the existence of a multisensory control system based mainly on vision rather than gravity perception.
Types of the moss names based on Glaziou's collections from Brazil
Authors: da Costa Denise Pinheiro , Peralta Denilson Fernandes , Carvalho-Silva Micheline , Câmara Paulo E.A.S. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractMoss collections made by Auguste François Marie Glaziou between 1864 and 1895 in Brazil and now housed in BM and PC were critically examined. Information about the types, nomenclature, and taxonomy of 134 names based on Glaziou's collections is provided here. One hundred and three lectotypes are designated, and ten new synonyms proposed.
Idea Generation, Creativity, and Prototypicality
Authors: Toubia Olivier , Netzer Oded 
Published: August 2016

We explore the use of big data tools to shed new light on the idea generation process, automatically “read” ideas to identify promising ones, and help people be more creative. The literature suggests that creativity results from the optimal balance between novelty and familiarity, which can be measured based on the combinations of words in an idea. We build semantic networks where nodes represent word stems in a particular idea generation topic, and edge weights capture the degree of novelty versus familiarity of word stem combinations (i.e., the weight of an edge that connects two word stems measures their scaled co-occurrence in the relevant language). Each idea contains a set of word stems, which form a semantic subnetwork. The edge weight distribution in that subnetwork reflects how the idea balances novelty with familiarity. Based on the “beauty in averageness” effect, we hypothesize that ideas with semantic subnetworks that have a more prototypical edge weight distribution are judged as more creative. We show this effect in eight studies involving over 4,000 ideas across multiple domains. Practically, we demonstrate how our research can be used to automatically identify promising ideas and recommend words to users on the fly to help them improve their ideas. Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2016.0994 .
A critical review of bioelectrochemical membrane reactor (BECMR) as cutting-edge sustainable wastewater treatment
Authors: Nakhate Pranav H. , Joshi Nandkumar T. , Marathe Kumudini V. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Reclamation of wastewater along with minimum energy utilization has been the paramount concern today. Tremendous industrialization and corresponding demographic resulted in elevated water and energy demand; however, scarcity of sufficient water and energy resource triggers rigorous research for sustainable water treatment technology. Recent technologies like activated sludge, filtration, adsorption, coagulation, and oxidation have been considered as promising sustainable technologies, but high cost, low efficiency, and efficacy are the major concerns so far. Wastewater is food for billions of bacteria, where some exceptional bacterial species have the ability to transport electrons that are produced during metabolism to outside the cell membrane. Indeed, wastewater can itself be considered as a prominent candidate to resolve the problem of sustainability. Bioelectrochemical membrane reactor is a promising technology, which is an integration of microbial fuel cell (MFC) to membrane bioreactor (MBR). It promises the benefit of harvesting electricity while biologically treating any type of wastewater to the highest extent while passing wastewater through anaerobic, aerobic, and integrated membrane compartments in successive manner. In this review, we provide critical rethinking to take this idea of integration of MFC-MBR and apply them to produce a fully functional prototype of bioelectrochemical membrane reactor that could be used commercially.
Can Cold Water Immersion Enhance Recovery in Elite Olympic Weightlifters? An Individualized Perspective
Authors: Schimpchen Jan , Wagner Maximilian , Ferrauti Alexander , Kellmann Michael , Pfeiffer Mark , Meyer Tim 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Schimpchen, J, Wagner, M, Ferrauti, A, Kellmann, M, Pfeiffer, M, and Meyer, T. Can cold water immersion enhance recovery in elite Olympic weightlifters? An individualized perspective. J Strength Cond Res 31(6): 1569–1576, 2017—We investigated whether cold water immersion (CWI) after intensive training sessions can enhance recovery in elite Olympic weightlifters, taking into account each athlete's individual response pattern. The entire German male Olympic weightlifting national team participated in the study (n = 7), ensuring collection of data from elite athletes only. Using a randomized cross-over design, the athletes went through 2 high-intensity training microcycles consisting of 5 training sessions that were either followed by a CWI or passive recovery. Barbell speed in a snatch pull movement, blood parameters, and subjective ratings of general fatigue and recovery were assessed throughout the study. Physical performance at 2 snatch pull intensities (85% one repetition maximum [1RM]: −0.15% vs. −0.22%, p = 0.94; 90% 1RM: −0.7% vs. +1.23%, p = 0.25) did not differ significantly (condition × time). Although questionnaires revealed a significant decline in the ratings of overall recovery (p < 0.001) and a significantly higher rating of overall stress (p = 0.03) over time, no significant differences between conditions (p = 0.14; p = 0.98) could be revealed. Similarly, neither of the analyzed blood parameters changed significantly between conditions over time (creatine kinase: p = 0.53; urea: p = 0.43; cortisol: p = 0.59; testosterone: p = 0.53; testosterone:cortisol ratio: p = 0.69). In general, CWI did not prove to be an effective tool to enhance recovery in elite Olympic weightlifters over a 3-day intensive training period. However, even though the group was rather homogeneous with regard to performance, there were considerable intersubject differences in their response to CWI. It seems that athletes are best advised on a case-by-case basis.
Development of the Cellular Immune System of Drosophila Requires the Membrane Attack Complex/Perforin-Like Protein Torso-Like
Authors: Forbes-Beadle Lauren , Crossman Tova , Johnson Travis K , Burke Richard , Warr Coral G , Whisstock James C 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Pore-forming members of the membrane attack complex/perforin-like (MACPF) protein superfamily perform well-characterized roles as mammalian immune effectors. For example, complement component 9 and perforin function to directly form pores in the membrane of Gram-negative pathogens or virally infected/transformed cells, respectively. In contrast, the only known MACPF protein in Drosophila melanogaster, Torso-like, plays crucial roles during development in embryo patterning and larval growth. Here, we report that in addition to these functions, Torso-like plays an important role in Drosophila immunity. However, in contrast to a hypothesized effector function in, for example, elimination of Gram-negative pathogens, we find that torso-like null mutants instead show increased susceptibility to certain Gram-positive pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. We further show that this deficit is due to a severely reduced number of circulating immune cells and, as a consequence, an impaired ability to phagocytose bacterial particles. Together these data suggest that Torso-like plays an important role in controlling the development of the Drosophila cellular immune system.
Nationwide Genomic Study in Denmark Reveals Remarkable Population Homogeneity
Authors: Athanasiadis Georgios , Cheng Jade Y , Vilhjálmsson Bjarni J , Jørgensen Frank G , Als Thomas D , Le Hellard Stephanie , Espeseth Thomas , Sullivan Patrick F , Hultman Christina M , Kjærgaard Peter C , Schierup Mikkel H , Mailund Thomas 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Denmark has played a substantial role in the history of Northern Europe. Through a nationwide scientific outreach initiative, we collected genetic and anthropometrical data from ∼800 high school students and used them to elucidate the genetic makeup of the Danish population, as well as to assess polygenic predictions of phenotypic traits in adolescents. We observed remarkable homogeneity across different geographic regions, although we could still detect weak signals of genetic structure reflecting the history of the country. Denmark presented genomic affinity with primarily neighboring countries with overall resemblance of decreasing weight from Britain, Sweden, Norway, Germany, and France. A Polish admixture signal was detected in Zealand and Funen, and our date estimates coincided with historical evidence of Wend settlements in the south of Denmark. We also observed considerably diverse demographic histories among Scandinavian countries, with Denmark having the smallest current effective population size compared to Norway and Sweden. Finally, we found that polygenic prediction of self-reported adolescent height in the population was remarkably accurate (R2 = 0.639 ± 0.015). The high homogeneity of the Danish population could render population structure a lesser concern for the upcoming large-scale gene-mapping studies in the country.
Prematurity and Genetic Testing for Neonatal Diabetes
Authors: Besser Rachel E.J. , Flanagan Sarah E. , Mackay Deborah G.J. , Temple I.K. , Shepherd Maggie H. , Shields Beverley M. , Ellard Sian , Hattersley Andrew T. 
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND:Hyperglycemia in premature infants is usually thought to reflect inadequate pancreatic development rather than monogenic neonatal diabetes. No studies, to our knowledge, have investigated the prevalence of monogenic forms of diabetes in preterm infants.METHODS:We studied 750 patients with diabetes diagnosed before 6 months of age. We compared the genetic etiology and clinical characteristics of 146 preterm patients born &lt;37 weeks and compared them with 604 born ≥37 weeks.RESULTS:A genetic etiology was found in 97/146 (66%) preterm infants compared with 501/604 (83%) born ≥37weeks, P &lt; .0001. Chromosome 6q24 imprinting abnormalities (27% vs 12%, P = .0001) and GATA6 mutations (9% vs 2%, P = .003) occurred more commonly in preterm than term infants while mutations in KCNJ11 were less common (21 vs 34%, P = .008). Preterm patients with an identified mutation were diagnosed later than those without an identified mutation (median [interquartile range] 35 [34 to 36] weeks vs 31 [28 to 36] weeks, P &lt; .0001). No difference was seen in other clinical characteristics of preterm patients with and without an identified mutation including age of presentation, birth weight, and time to referral.CONCLUSIONS:Patients with neonatal diabetes due to a monogenic etiology can be born preterm, especially those with 6q24 abnormalities or GATA6 mutations. A genetic etiology is more likely in patients with less severe prematurity (&gt;32 weeks). Prematurity should not prevent referral for genetic testing as 37% have a potassium channel mutation and as a result can get improved control by replacing insulin with sulphonylurea therapy.
Effect of Activation Mode on Flexural Strength and Elasticity Modulus of Dual Cure Resin Cements
Authors: Guimaraes DDS, MSc, PhD Isadora , Murillo DDS, MSc Fabian , De Goes DDS, MSc, PhD Mario 
Published: August 2016

Objective: This study evaluated the effect of the activation mode on flexural strength and elasticity modulus of four dual cure resin-based cements. Methods: Two self-adhesive resin cements (Clearfil SA Cement (CSA) and RelyX U100 (U)) and two conventional resin cements (Clearfil Esthetic Cement (CE)and RelyX ARC (ARC)) were used to produce a total of 45 bar specimens (7x2x2 mm) using three different activation modes (n=15): Direct light-cure (D), Indirect light-cure using a 2mm composite resin barrier (I) and Self-cure (S). Three-point flexural tests were performed after 24 hours water storage at 37° C, using a universal testing machine (Instron) at a cross-speed of 0.5 mm/min until fracture. Flexural strength (MPa) and elasticity modulus values were subjected to ANOVA and Tukey’s Test (=0.05). Results: Data revealed that light polymerized groups presented statistically higher flexural strength (CSA/D=113.63 ± 19.65; CSA/I=80.66 ± 23.74; U/D=101.33 ± 9.8; U/I=94.96 ± 36.9; CE/D=219.08 ± 39.94; CE/I=226.42 ± 34.59; ARC/D=150.03 ± 26.15; ARC/I=111.78 ± 14.28) and also elasticity modulus values (CSA/D = 2.9 ± 0.6; CSA/I = 1.5 ± 0.4; U/D = 2.9 ± 0.5; U/I = 2.6 ± 1.4; CE/D = 6.5 ± 1.3; CE/I = 5.8 ± 1.0; ARC/D = 4.2 ± 0.93; ARC/I = 2.5 ± 0.5) compared to self-cured groups (flexural strength: CSA/S=65.81 ± 21.84; U/S=53.62 ± 28.73; CE/S=129.02 ± 51.67; ARC/S=77.98 ±19.61 and elasticity modulus: CSA/S = 1.4 ± 0.5; U/S = 1.2 ± 0.7; CE/S = 2.2 ± 1.5; ARC/S = 1.0 ± 0.5). The usage of a composite resin barrier only affected the mechanical properties of ARC and CSA. Conventional resin cements presented higher flexural strength values than the self-adhesive cements. CE presented the highest values compared to all other cements. No statistical difference was observed between self-adhesive cements. Conclusion: Light-curing of resin luting cements produced higher flexural strength for all tested materials. Similar mechanical behavior was observed for the tested self-adhesive cements.
Preliminary Study to Determine the Reference Plane of Patients with a Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Kim Na-Ri , Park Soo-Byung , Shin Sang Min , Choi Yong-Seok , Kim Seong-Sik , Son Woo-Sung , Kim Yong-Il 
Published: August 2016

Objective The objective of this study was to determine the three-dimensional midsagittal reference planes for unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) patients that can be easily applied in a clinical setting. Design This was a retrospective analysis. Patients There were 35 UCLP patients (25 men, 10 women; 28.1 ± 6.9 years old) in this study. Methods With landmark's three-dimensional coordinates obtained from cone-beam computed tomography, the symmetric midsagittal reference planes were calculated by applying the ordinary Procrustes superimposition method using the original and mirror images. Procrustes analysis was also used to find the closest landmarks to the calculated symmetric midsagittal reference plane and test its compatibility with the symmetrical midsagittal reference plane. Main Outcome Measure The three nearest landmarks to the symmetric midsagittal reference plane were Opisthion, Basion, and Nasion. Results The averages of the sums of the squared Euclidean distance and squared Procrustes distance differences between the two configurations and shapes fabricated by the symmetrical and landmark-based midsagittal reference planes, respectively, were calculated as 1.836 ± 3.295 and 1.519 × 10–5 ± 2.351 × 10–5. Conclusion It was confirmed that the midsagittal reference planes from these selected landmarks for UCLP patients were compatible with symmetric midsagittal reference planes from the Procrustes analysis and the asymmetric measurements.
The Study of Kurdish & Persian Languages Use in Kermanshah
Authors: Tabar Farahnaz Jalilian , Sabouri Narjes Banou 
Published: August 2016

This study is an attempt to explore the extent people of Kermanshah use Kurdish and Persian languages. Three hundred eighty-four samples were chosen out of 857048 population (adopted from Cochran (Cochran, 1977) randomly. The subjects were selected in terms of gender (male of female), age group (Under 10, 11-16, 17-25, 65 to over), education (Illiterate, Primary, Secondary, High school, AD, BA, MA, or higher). The questionnaire is designed on the basis of Parasher pattern (1980). The selection of Kurdish and Persian languages were under study in six social contexts of “family, friendship, neighborhood, business, education, and office” into the four Licker Scale of “Always, Often, Sometimes, and Never”. The collected data were analyzed via SPSS Software. The results showed that the differences in the use of Persian and Kurdish languages are statistically significant in terms of age, gender, and social context. However, the average use is not meaningful on the side of education.
O espaço dos jornalistas da economia brasileiros: gerações, origem social e dinâmica profissional
Authors: José Pedroso Neto Antonio 
Published: August 2016

Este artigo apresenta uma objetivação do espaço dos jornalistas de economia brasileiros. Para isso, foi realizada uma análise de correspondências múltiplas de 69 prosopografias de jornalistas atuantes durante 2011. São apresentadas as fontes de dados, as variáveis, suas categorias e o conteúdo correspondente. A análise demonstra que esse espaço é estruturado, fundamentalmente, a partir de princípios geracionais e que, atualmente, três gerações nele convivem. Por fim, demonstra as características específicas de cada geração vis-à-vis outras.
A construção jurídica de uma política de notáveis: o jogo duplo da elite do judiciário indiano no mercado da virtude cívica
Authors: Dezalay Yves , Garth Bryant 
Published: August 2016

A construção legal de uma política de notáveis. A história do Bar Indiano ilustra os fatores sociais que determinam o entrelaçamento entre direito e política – assim como seus altos e baixos. Assim, a mobilização do Bar contra o estado de emergência imposto por Indira Gandhi não foi suficiente para restaurar seu crédito político, obtido durante as lutas pela independência e perdido por conta da sua oposição às reformas agrárias. Por outro lado, ao tornarse a heroína dos desprivilegiados, a Suprema Corte emergiu como o árbitro de querelas políticas. Isto pode ser visto como uma divisão simbólica do trabalho no campo do poder.
Barragi sta finkadu ma nós nu fika disariadu: espaços de afrontamento entre as dúvidas do presente e as incert ezas do futuro na comunidade de Boaventura, Figueira Gorda, Ilha de Santiago, Cabo Verde
Authors: Silves Ferreira Vladmir Antero Delgado 
Published: August 2016

Entre os impasses do presente e as incertezas do futuro se desponta timidamente ações de autodefesa dos atingidos pela construção da Barragem de Figueira Gorda, Ilha de Santiago, Cabo Verde. Os Boaventurenses se mobilizam e definem formas de resposta a processos externos de apropriação dos seus territórios e que provocará alterações radicais no espaço e na vida da comunidade. Num recorte temporal, que vai do lançamento oficial da construção da Barragem, em fevereiro de 2012, até à inauguração da infraestrutura, em novembro de 2014, este artigo examina os momentos de diálogo, de disputa e reposicionamento dos vários agentes envolvidos neste processo de deslocalização de grupos desprotegidos e muitas vezes impossibilitados de contrariar um processo de implementação de grandes projetos desenvolvimentistas.