bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anastomotic Recurrence After Curative Resection for Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Jung Won Beom , Yu Chang Sik , Lim Seok Byung , Park In Ja , Yoon Yong Sik , Kim Jin Cheon 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundA precise understanding of anastomotic recurrence (AR) permits efficient surveillance and treatment strategies. This study aimed to evaluate the clinicopathologic characteristics of patients with AR undergoing curative resection for colorectal cancer (CRC), compare colonic with rectal tumors and investigate the risk factors related to AR.MethodsA single‐institution, retrospective cohort of 9024 patients who underwent curative surgery for CRC between 2000 and 2010 was enrolled. Patients were classified into AR group (n = 53) or non‐AR group (n = 8971) and were also characterized by tumor location.ResultsThe AR group was independently associated with old age (p = 0.046), advanced N stage (p = 0.003), the rectum (p = 0.001), a large tumor (p = 0.001) and mucinous differentiation (MU) (p = 0.026). In colon cancers, the AR group (n = 20) was independently associated with MU (p = 0.022) and lymphovascular invasion (LVI) (p = 0.001). In rectal cancers, the AR group (n = 33) was independently associated with N2 stage (p = 0.007) and a large tumor (p < 0.001). AR is a burden to patients and physicians because these tumors have a poor prognosis and more advanced pathologic stages than the primary tumors. However, N0 stage and curative resection of an AR tumor (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively) were found to be independently associated with improved survival in a Cox regression model.ConclusionAR is independently associated with the rectum. In colon cancers, MU and LVI are independent risk factors for AR. In rectal cancers, a large tumor and N2 stage are independent risk factors for AR. Although AR shows a poor prognosis, early detection and curative resection may lead to an improved survival.
Participatory System Dynamics Modeling: Increasing Stakeholder Engagement and Precision to Improve Implementation Planning in Systems
Authors: Zimmerman Lindsey , Lounsbury David W. , Rosen Craig S. , Kimerling Rachel , Trafton Jodie A. , Lindley Steven E. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractImplementation planning typically incorporates stakeholder input. Quality improvement efforts provide data-based feedback regarding progress. Participatory system dynamics modeling (PSD) triangulates stakeholder expertise, data and simulation of implementation plans prior to attempting change. Frontline staff in one VA outpatient mental health system used PSD to examine policy and procedural “mechanisms” they believe underlie local capacity to implement evidence-based psychotherapies (EBPs) for PTSD and depression. We piloted the PSD process, simulating implementation plans to improve EBP reach. Findings indicate PSD is a feasible, useful strategy for building stakeholder consensus, and may save time and effort as compared to trial-and-error EBP implementation planning.
Development of Novel Amidosulfobetaine Surfactant–Polymer Systems for EOR Applications
Authors: Kamal Muhammad Shahzad , Shakil Hussain S. M. , Sultan Abdullah S. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractExperimental studies were conducted to evaluate the thermal stability and rheological properties of novel surfactant–polymer (SP) systems for enhanced oil recovery applications. One in‐house synthesized amphoteric amidosulfobetaine surfactant 3‐(N‐pentadecanamidopropyl‐N,N‐dimethylammonium)propanesulfonate and three different polymers were evaluated. Polymer A was a terpolymer of acrylamide, acrylamido tert‐butyl sulfonate, and acrylic acid, whereas polymers B and C were terpolymers of acrylamide, N‐vinylpyrrolidone, and acrylamido tert‐butyl sulfonate with different anionicity. Long‐term thermal stability of the surfactant was assessed using FTIR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR. The surfactant was compatible with seawater at 90 °C and no precipitation was observed. Structural analysis showed good thermal stability and no structural changes were observed after aging at 90 °C. The effects of surfactant concentration, shear rate, salinity, and polymer concentration on rheological properties of the SP systems were determined. Polymer A showed highest viscosity among the investigated polymers in deionized and seawater. The interactions between the surfactant and polymer A were assessed using rheological measurements. In the presence of salts, the viscosity of all three polymers reduced significantly as a result of charge screening. At low shear rates, the added surfactant slightly decreased the viscosity and storage modulus of polymer A. At high shear rates, the effect of the surfactant on the viscosity and storage modulus of polymer A was insignificant.
Acyl Poly(Glycerol‐Succinic Acid) Oligoesters: Synthesis, Physicochemical and Functional Properties, and Biodegradability
Authors: Agach Mickaël , Marinkovic Sinisa , Estrine Boris , Nardello‐Rataj Véronique 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBiobased surfactants were synthesized using poly(glycerol‐succinate) as the polar head group and variable acyl groups as hydrophobic tails. Acyl chain lengths ranged from 8 to 14 carbon atoms. The resulting oligomeric surfactants were characterized by quantitative 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), acid values and size exclusion chromatography. Investigation of the physicochemical properties of the acyl poly(glycerol‐succinate) surfactants revealed their potential for use in a wide array of applications. The acyl poly(glycerol‐succinate) functional properties appeared to be particularly concentration‐dependent. This study highlights the relative impact of acyl chain length on the polymeric structure, physicochemical and functional behaviors, and biodegradability of the acyl poly(glycerol‐succinate) surfactants.
Assessment of Self-Contamination During Removal of Personal Protective Equipment for Ebola Patient Care
Authors: Casanova Lisa M. , Teal Lisa J. , Sickbert-Bennett Emily E. , Anderson Deverick J. , Sexton Daniel J. , Rutala William A. , Weber David J. ,   the CDC Prevention Epicenters Program
Published: August 2016

OBJECTIVEEbola virus disease (EVD) places healthcare personnel (HCP) at high risk for infection during patient care, and personal protective equipment (PPE) is critical. Protocols for EVD PPE doffing have not been validated for prevention of viral self-contamination. Using surrogate viruses (non-enveloped MS2 and enveloped Φ6), we assessed self-contamination of skin and clothes when trained HCP doffed EVD PPE using a standardized protocol.METHODSA total of 15 HCP donned EVD PPE for this study. Virus was applied to PPE, and a trained monitor guided them through the doffing protocol. Of the 15 participants, 10 used alcohol-based hand rub (ABHR) for glove and hand hygiene and 5 used hypochlorite for glove hygiene and ABHR for hand hygiene. Inner gloves, hands, face, and scrubs were sampled after doffing.RESULTSAfter doffing, MS2 virus was detected on the inner glove worn on the dominant hand for 8 of 15 participants, on the non-dominant inner glove for 6 of 15 participants, and on scrubs for 2 of 15 participants. All MS2 on inner gloves was observed when ABHR was used for glove hygiene; none was observed when hypochlorite was used. When using hypochlorite for glove hygiene, 1 participant had MS2 on hands, and 1 had MS2 on scrubs.CONCLUSIONSA structured doffing protocol using a trained monitor and ABHR protects against enveloped virus self-contamination. Non-enveloped virus (MS2) contamination was detected on inner gloves, possibly due to higher resistance to ABHR. Doffing protocols protective against all viruses need to incorporate highly effective glove and hand hygiene agents.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;1–6
Rapid distortion theory analysis on the interaction between homogeneous turbulence and a planar shock wave
Authors: Kitamura T. , Nagata K. , Sakai Y. , Sasoh A. , Ito Y. 
Published: August 2016

The interactions between homogeneous turbulence and a planar shock wave are analytically investigated using rapid distortion theory (RDT). Analytical solutions in the solenoidal modes are obtained. Qualitative answers to unsolved questions in a report by Andreopoulos et al. (Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech., vol. 524, 2000, pp. 309–345) are provided within the linear theoretical framework. The results show that the turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) is increased after interaction with a shock wave and that the contributions to the amplification can be interpreted primarily as the combined effect of shock-induced compression, which is a direct consequence of the Rankine–Hugoniot relation, and the nonlinear effect, which is an indirect consequence of the Rankine–Hugoniot relation via the perturbation manner. For initial homogeneous axisymmetric turbulence, the amplification of the TKE depends on the initial degree of anisotropy. Furthermore, the increase in energy at high wavenumbers is confirmed by the one-dimensional spectra. The enstrophy is also increased; its increase is more significant than that of the TKE because of the significant increase in enstrophy at high wavenumbers. The vorticity components perpendicular to the shock-induced compressed direction are amplified more than the parallel vorticity component. These results strongly suggest that a high resolution is needed to obtain accurate results for the turbulence–shock-wave interaction. The integral length scales ($L$) and the Taylor microscales ($\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}$) are decreased for most cases after the interaction. However, $L_{22,3}(=\,L_{33,2})$ and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}_{22,3}(=\,\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}_{33,2})$ are amplified. Here, the subscripts 2 and 3 indicate the perpendicular components relative to the shock-induced compressed direction. The dissipation length and TKE dissipation rate are amplified.
Interactions of large-scale free-stream turbulence with turbulent boundary layers
Authors: Dogan Eda , Hanson Ronald E. , Ganapathisubramani Bharathram 
Published: August 2016

The scale interactions occurring within a turbulent boundary layer are investigated in the presence of free-stream turbulence. The free-stream turbulence is generated by an active grid. The free stream is monitored by a single-component hot-wire probe, while a second probe is roved across the height of the boundary layer at the same streamwise location. Large-scale structures occurring in the free stream are shown to penetrate the boundary layer and increase the streamwise velocity fluctuations throughout. It is speculated that, depending on the extent of the penetration, i.e. based on the level of free-stream turbulence, the near-wall turbulence production peaks at different wall-normal locations than the expected location of $y^{+}\approx 15$ for a canonical turbulent boundary layer. It is shown that the large scales dominating the log region have a modulating effect on the small scales in the near-wall region; this effect becomes more significant with increasing turbulence in the free stream, i.e. similarly increasing $Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}_{0}}$. This modulating interaction and its Reynolds-number trend have similarities with canonical turbulent boundary layers at high Reynolds numbers where the interaction between the large scales and the envelope of the small scales exhibits a pure amplitude modulation (Hutchins & Marusic, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A, vol. 365 (1852), 2007, pp. 647–664; Mathis et al., J. Fluid Mech., vol. 628, 2009, pp. 311–337). This similarity has encouraging implications towards generalising scale interactions in turbulent boundary layers.
An empirical analysis of the effects of humor on communication satisfaction and job performance in international joint ventures in Iran
Authors: Jalalkamali Mohammad , Iranmanesh Mohammad , Nikbin Davoud , Hyun Sunghyup Sean 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis study investigates the relationships between humor (frequency and effectiveness), communication satisfaction (informational and relational), and employee job performance (task and contextual) in international joint ventures in Iran. Based on a survey of 375 employees and their supervisors in two of the biggest joint ventures in the automotive industry in Iran, the results indicate that the frequency of humor had significant positive effects on contextual and task performance as well as on informational and relational communication satisfaction. In addition, informational communication satisfaction was significantly related to both contextual performance and task performance, whereas relational communication satisfaction was related only to task performance. Finally, informational communication satisfaction mediated the relationship between the frequency of humor and job performance (task and contextual), while relational communication satisfaction mediated the relationship between the frequency of humor and task performance.
Characterizing the May 2015 Karayaylak Glacier surge in the eastern Pamir Plateau using remote sensing
Authors: SHANGGUAN DONGHUI , LIU SHIYIN , DING YONGJIAN , GUO WANQIN , XU BAIQING , XU JUNLI , JIANG ZONGLI 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTWe investigate an internal surge of Karayaylak Glacier, which was reported by the media in May 2015. To differentiate the May 2015 glacier surge from other glacier advances, we surveyed changes in velocity, crevasses and glacier area using Landsat 8 OLI L1T, ZY-1-02C and Gaofen-1 images from October 2014 to July 2015. The velocity, measured by automatic feature extraction and tracking during the active phase, was 10–100 times the velocity during the quiescent phase, with a maximum of (20.2 ± 0.9) m d−1 (mean ± standard error) from 8 to 15 May 2015 in the west branch of the glacier. The surge initiation and termination took place from 13 April to 16 June 2015. Ice in the west branch (length, 7 km; area, 6.8 km2) of Karayaylak Glacier accelerated down to the east branch, leading to the development of crevasses and ice covering an additional 0.1 km2 of summer pasture on the northwestern side. However, we detected no advance of the glacier's terminus.
Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma rangeli co-infection patterns in insect vectors vary across habitat types in a fragmented forest landscape
Authors: GOTTDENKER NICOLE L. , CHAVES LUIS F. , CALZADA JOSE E. , PETERSON JENNIFER K. , SANTAMARÍA ANAMARIA , PINEDA VANESSA , SALDAÑA AZAEL 
Published: August 2016

SUMMARYThe transmission of parasites can be influenced by their co-occurrence with other parasites, in some cases increasing or reducing transmission.Trypanosoma cruzi, aetiologic agent of Chagas disease, often co-occurs withTrypanosoma rangeli, a parasite not pathogenic for mammal hosts. Both parasites can reduce the fitness of their insect vectors (the triatomine bugs; Hemiptera: Reduviidae), withT. rangelibeing more pathogenic for some species. Here, we study the prevalence ofT. cruziandT. rangeliin the triatomineRhodnius pallescensacross a heterogeneously transformed landscape in Panamá. We found that singleT. rangeliinfections were more common in contiguously forested habitats, while singleT. cruziinfections predominated in anthropogenically disturbed habitats.Trypanosoma cruzi–T. rangelico-infections were more common in contiguous forests and in peridomiciliary areas. Furthermore, adult insects were more likely to be co-infected than nymphs. Our results suggest that human-mediated landscape transformation might have increased the predominance of single infections withT. cruziwithin vectors. An important mechanism driving changes in trypanosome infection patterns in triatomines at a landscape scale includes alterations in host species composition that may vary with different degrees of deforestation. Trypanosome co-infection may also confer a survival advantage forR. pallescensto and/or throughout adulthood.
The Estimation of Fatigue Damage in Aircraft Wing Structures
Authors: Chilver A. H. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryA simple cumulative fatigue damage law is used to estimate the endurance of a number of typical structural components when subjected to the alternating wing loads encountered by an aircraft in flight. A method is developed to study the fatigue damage in terms of infinitesimally small intervals of alternating load and the corresponding fatigue strength. Recent gust data are used in conjunction with the complete fatigue strength diagrams of 13 simple components. The fatigue damage is studied for the ranges of altitude (i) up to 12,000 ft., and (ii) above 30,000 ft. In each case it is found that the damage rate curve, which gives the intensity of fatigue damage at any gust velocity, takes a characteristic form, with a well-defined range of gust velocities giving the greatest fatigue damage. This leads to a simplification of the whole problem, and it is found, finally, that the life of the structure is governed—in so far as the cumulative law is correct—almost entirely by that gust velocity, which, when applied alone to the structure, gives an endurance of about two million cycles. The results of the survey are compared with the design criteria suggested by Walker and the lives estimated by Williams.
The Effect of Stress Concentrations on the Fatigue Resistance of a Duralumin Type Aluminium Alloy
Authors: Mann J. Y. 
Published: August 2016

During the past hundred years much data on the fatigue behaviour of a wide range of materials has been accumulated and it is now well known, as a result of service failures and laboratory tests, that stress concentrators whether mechanically formed or inherent in the material, can cause serious reductions in endurance.The work described in this note forms part of a project being conducted at the Aeronautical Research Laboratories, Melbourne, Australia on the effect of stress concentrations on the fatigue properties of materials. The primary aim of the project is to establish a series of fatigue curves for different materials under a wide range of theoretical stress concentration factors and to attempt to find a basis on which to assess the notch sensitivity of different materials. The first investigation was carried out on 24S-T aluminium alloy and tests on two additional aluminium alloys, annealed copper and an alloy steel are in progress.
Aerodynamics—Aircraft and Missiles
Authors: Duncton P. J. 
Published: August 2016

Many may expect the major emphasis to be given to problems of design of manned aircraft for supersonic flight. Of these, there will be some more qualified to speak on supersonic aircraft matters than I am, for my own experience in supersonic aerodynamics has been predominantly in the guided weapon field. Perhaps this is no disadvantage, for I believe that the aircraft designer has much that he can learn from the guided weapon designer.Aircraft and missiles have much in common; for both are, or are intended to be, vehicles for conveying efficiently a payload through the air from one point to another. The fact that, in military applications at least, “efficiently” often means “as quickly as possible,” gives rise to a requirement for supersonic speeds in both aircraft and missiles.
An Exact Theory of a Thin Aerofoil with Large Flap Deflection
Authors: Hay J. A. , Eggington W. J. 
Published: August 2016

The theory of thin aerofoils at small incidence and flap deflection is very well established. For certain purposes it is desirable to know how an aerofoil will behave in potential flow when the flap is deflected through large angles.To this end, an attempt has been made to develop a theory of thin aerofoils in which the flap deflection angle may be large.The results obtained are compared with those derived by an alternative method of direct conformal transformation by F. Keune.
Definition and Measurement of Jet Engine Thrust
Authors: Jakobsson Bengt 
Published: August 2016

SummaryIn this paper the thrust of the turbo-jet engine is rigorously defined, and is divided into the three components front external, internal and rear external. The measurement of thrust in static tests and in flight is discussed. Current methods are critically examined and test methods are proposed. Special attention is given to a method of calculating flight performance from simple static tests with different nozzle areas. A convenient form of engine curves for static tests is shown and a method of flight testing is given.
The Effect of Military Service on Political Attitudes: A Panel Study
Authors: Jenning M. Kent , Markus Gregory B. 
Published: August 2016

Institutional experiences at the young adult stage may act to alter or reinforce pre-existing political attitudes. This paper focuses on military service during the Vietnam War as one such institutional experience. Data are drawn from a two-wave, 1965-1973 national panel study of 674 males. Approximately half of the panel saw active duty. Comparisons are made between civilian and military respondents and, among military respondents, according to the duration, recency, intensity, affective qualities, and institutional salience of the military experience. Bivariate and regression techniques are used in the analyses.Veterans are somewhat less cynical and have broader attention frames than civilians. Civic tolerance and feelings toward minority groups are also affected by aspects of military service. War-related opinions vary between civilians and veterans and across categories of veterans. These effects remain when other relevant factors, including prior attitudes, are taken into account. The results underscore the potential significance of adult experiences in the socialization process.
The Belfast Protestant Association and the Independent Orange Order, 1901–10
Authors: Boyle J.W. 
Published: August 2016

For over ten years (June 1895–January 1906) a conservative and unionist government was in office, and, except for the minor devolution crisis of 1904-5, Irish home rule was not a serious issue at Westminster. In Ulster it was a period of relative quiet, undisturbed by the agitation and riots that had attended the home rule bills of 1886 and 1893. After 1886 conservatives and liberal unionists were united electorally and supported unionist parliamentary candidates, though they retained formally separate organisations; liberal home rulers were politically unimportant for most of the period, though they contested seats in Londonderry, Antrim and Tyrone.In the absence of an immediate external threat dissent grew among those not committed to nationalism. T. W. Russell, M.P. for South Tyrone, found himself increasingly at variance with his leaders over the claims of tenant farmers and stood as an independent unionist in 1906; he was later to become a home rule liberal. At the Belfast municipal elections of 1897 the labour movement of the city returned six candidates, and during the following decade contested the North Belfast parliamentary seat in three successive years. A serious and embarrassing challenge to the leadership of Ulster unionism and the Orange Order was offered by the electoral success in 1902 of T. H. Sloan, a shipyard worker and master of an Orange lodge, and by the formation of the Independent Orange Order in the following year. Sloan, who held his South Belfast seat until 1910, contended that official unionist and Orange leaders disregarded working-class interests and were too ready to yield to catholic and nationalist pressure. The radicalism of the new order was strengthened by one of its officers, Robert Lindsay Crawford, who wished it to follow his own evolution towards liberal nationalism. It is the purpose of this paper to trace the origin and growth of the Independent Orange Order, its rôle in the general election of 1906 and the revival of Ulster liberalism, and its relationship with the Belfast labour movement.