bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of direct cold atmospheric plasma (diCAP) on microcirculation of intact skin in a controlled mechanical environment
Authors: Borchardt Thomas , Ernst Jennifer , Helmke Andreas , Tanyeli Murat , Schilling Arndt F. , Felmerer Gunther , Viöl Wolfgang 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe microcirculatory response of intact human skin to exposure with diCAP for different durations with a focus on the effect of implied mechanical pressure during plasma treatment was investigated.MethodsLocal relative hemoglobin, blood flow velocity, tissue oxygen saturation, and blood flow were monitored noninvasively for up to 1 hour in 1‐2 mm depth by optical techniques, as well as temperature, pH values, and moisture before and after skin stimulation. The experimental protocol (N = 10) was set up to differentiate between pressure‐ and plasma‐induced effects.ResultsSignificant increases in microcirculation were only observed after plasma stimulation but not after pressure stimulus alone. For a period of 1 h after stimulation, local relative hemoglobin was increased by 5.1% after 270 seconds diCAP treatment. Tissue oxygen saturation increased by up to 9.4%, whereas blood flow was doubled (+106%). Skin pH decreased by 0.3 after 180 seconds and 270 seconds diCAP treatment, whereas skin temperature and moisture were not affected.ConclusionsdiCAP treatment of intact skin notably enhances microcirculation for a therapeutically relevant period. This effect is specific to the plasma treatment and not an effect of the applied pressure. Prolonged treatment durations lead to more pronounced effects.
Aspergillus nidulans BapH is a RAB11 effector that connects membranes in the Spitzenkörper with basal autophagy
Authors: Pinar Mario , Peñalva Miguel A. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryUsing affinity chromatography we identified the Aspergillus nidulans F‐BAR‐and‐PH domain‐containing protein BapH as a RabERAB11 effector. BapH localizes to the Spitzenkörper (SPK) in an F‐actin‐ and Sec7‐dependent manner, becoming cytosolic after inactivation of Trs120 in TRAPPII, the oligomeric GEF for RabERAB11. Therefore, RabERAB11 contributes to the recruitment of BapH to secretory vesicles in vivo. BapH has a close homologue, SlmA, which is related to yeast Slm1p/Slm2p, localizes to eisosomes and does not bind RabERAB11. bapHΔ, slmAΔ and double bapHΔ slmAΔ mutations do not affect growth, although slmAΔ results in myriocin hypersensitivity. Both the PH and the F‐BAR domain in BapH are necessary to recruit the protein to membranes, whereas its C‐terminal moiety negatively regulates localization to the SPK. Strong overexpression of full‐length BapH or of BapH lacking the C‐terminal moiety impairs growth. The tandemly duplicated PHBapH domain is recruited to the plasma membrane in a manner dependent on critical Lys residues in its ‘noncanonical’ lipid binding pocket, suggesting that it binds to biological membranes containing PtdIns(4,5)P2. Ablation of BapH, or deletion of the PH or BAR domains critical for the SPK localization increases autophagy under nitrogen‐replete conditions. Therefore, BapH localizing to SPK vesicles influences basal levels of autophagy.
Multiparameter imaging of calcium and abscisic acid and high‐resolution quantitative calcium measurements using R‐GECO1‐mTurquoise in Arabidopsis
Authors: Waadt Rainer , Krebs Melanie , Kudla Jörg , Schumacher Karin 
Published: August 2017

Summary

Calcium signals occur in specific spatio‐temporal patterns in response to various stimuli and are coordinated with, for example, hormonal signals, for physiological and developmental adaptations. Quantification of calcium together with other signalling molecules is required for correlative analyses and to decipher downstream calcium‐decoding mechanisms.

Simultaneous in vivo imaging of calcium and abscisic acid has been performed here to investigate the interdependence of the respective signalling processes in Arabidopsis thaliana roots. Advanced ratiometric genetically encoded calcium indicators have been generated and in vivo calcium calibration protocols were established to determine absolute calcium concentration changes in response to auxin and ATP.

In roots, abscisic acid induced long‐term basal calcium concentration increases, while auxin triggered rapid signals in the elongation zone. The advanced ratiometric calcium indicator R‐GECO1‐mTurquoise exhibited an increased calcium signal resolution compared to commonly used Förster resonance energy transfer‐based indicators. Quantitative calcium measurements in Arabidopsis root tips using R‐GECO1‐mTurquoise revealed detailed maps of absolute calcium concentration changes in response to auxin and ATP.

Calcium calibration protocols using R‐GECO1‐mTurquoise enabled high‐resolution quantitative imaging of resting cytosolic calcium concentrations and their dynamic changes that revealed distinct hormonal and ATP responses in roots.
Structure–function analysis of the Fusarium oxysporum Avr2 effector allows uncoupling of its immune‐suppressing activity from recognition
Authors: Di Xiaotang , Cao Lingxue , Hughes Richard K. , Tintor Nico , Banfield Mark J. , Takken Frank L. W. 
Published: August 2017

Summary

Plant pathogens employ effector proteins to manipulate their hosts. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol), the causal agent of tomato wilt disease, produces effector protein Avr2. Besides being a virulence factor, Avr2 triggers immunity in I‐2 carrying tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Fol strains that evade I‐2 recognition carry point mutations in Avr2 (e.g. Avr2R45H), but retain full virulence.

Here we investigate the virulence function of Avr2 and determine its crystal structure. Transgenic tomato and Arabidopsis expressing either wild‐type ΔspAvr2 (deleted signal‐peptide) or the ΔspAvr2R45H variant become hypersusceptible to fungal, and even bacterial infections, suggesting that Avr2 targets a conserved defense mechanism. Indeed, Avr2 transgenic plants are attenuated in immunity‐related readouts, including flg22‐induced growth inhibition, ROS production and callose deposition.

The crystal structure of Avr2 reveals that the protein shares intriguing structural similarity to ToxA from the wheat pathogen Pyrenophora tritici‐repentis and to TRAF proteins. The I‐2 resistance‐breaking Avr2V41M, Avr2R45H and Avr2R46P variants cluster on a surface‐presented loop. Structure‐guided mutagenesis enabled uncoupling of virulence from I‐2‐mediated recognition.

We conclude that I‐2‐mediated recognition is not based on monitoring Avr2 virulence activity, which includes suppression of immune responses via an evolutionarily conserved effector target, but by recognition of a distinct epitope.
The nuclear pore complex: a strategic platform for regulating cell signaling
Authors: Gu Yangnan 
Published: August 2017

Contents

Summary
25

I
Introduction
25

II.
Structural organization of the NPC
26

III.
The role of NPCs in immune signaling
26

IV.
The role of NPCs in hormone signaling
28

V.
Conclusions
29

Acknowledgements
29

References
29

SummaryNuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are fundamental components of the eukaryotic cell. They perforate the nuclear envelope and serve as highly selective transport gates that enable bi‐directional macromolecule exchange between the nucleus and cytoplasm. Recent studies illustrate that the NPC is not a static structural channel but a flexible environment and strategic player during nuclear signaling. The constitutional and conformational dynamics of the NPC allow it to tailor nucleocytoplasmic transport activities and define specific signaling output in response to various cellular and environmental cues. In this Insight, we review the roles of NPC constituents in immune activation and hormone signaling in plants, and discuss the possible role of the NPC as a legitimate platform for regulating cell signaling.
Biotic interactions as drivers of algal origin and evolution
Authors: Brodie Juliet , Ball Steven G. , Bouget François‐Yves , Chan Cheong Xin , De Clerck Olivier , Cock J. Mark , Gachon Claire , Grossman Arthur R. , Mock Thomas , Raven John A. , Saha Mahasweta , Smith Alison G. , Vardi Assaf , Yoon Hwan Su , Bhattacharya Debashish 
Published: August 2017

SummaryBiotic interactions underlie life's diversity and are the lynchpin to understanding its complexity and resilience within an ecological niche. Algal biologists have embraced this paradigm, and studies building on the explosive growth in omics and cell biology methods have facilitated the in‐depth analysis of nonmodel organisms and communities from a variety of ecosystems. In turn, these advances have enabled a major revision of our understanding of the origin and evolution of photosynthesis in eukaryotes, bacterial–algal interactions, control of massive algal blooms in the ocean, and the maintenance and degradation of coral reefs. Here, we review some of the most exciting developments in the field of algal biotic interactions and identify challenges for scientists in the coming years. We foresee the development of an algal knowledgebase that integrates ecosystem‐wide omics data and the development of molecular tools/resources to perform functional analyses of individuals in isolation and in populations. These assets will allow us to move beyond mechanistic studies of a single species towards understanding the interactions amongst algae and other organisms in both the laboratory and the field.

Contents

Summary
670

I.
Introduction
671

II.
Endosymbiosis
671

III.
Biotic interactions within the phycosphere
676

IV.
Future prospects
678

Acknowledgements
678

References
678
Dissecting the components controlling root‐to‐shoot arsenic translocation in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Wang Chengcheng , Na GunNam , Bermejo Eduardo Sanchez , Chen Yi , Banks Jo Ann , Salt David E. , Zhao Fang‐Jie 
Published: August 2017

Summary

Arsenic (As) is an important environmental and food‐chain toxin. We investigated the key components controlling As accumulation and tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana.

We tested the effects of different combinations of gene knockout, including arsenate reductase (HAC1), γ‐glutamyl‐cysteine synthetase (γ‐ECS), phytochelatin synthase (PCS1) and phosphate effluxer (PHO1), and the heterologous expression of the As‐hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata arsenite efflux (PvACR3), on As tolerance, accumulation, translocation and speciation in A. thaliana.

Heterologous expression of PvACR3 markedly increased As tolerance and root‐to‐shoot As translocation in A. thaliana, with PvACR3 being localized to the plasma membrane. Combining PvACR3 expression with HAC1 mutation led to As hyperaccumulation in the shoots, whereas combining HAC1 and PHO1 mutation decreased As accumulation. Mutants of γ‐ECS and PCS1 were hypersensitive to As and had higher root‐to‐shoot As translocation. Combining γ‐ECS or PCS1 with HAC1 mutation did not alter As tolerance or accumulation beyond the levels observed in the single mutants.

PvACR3 and HAC1 have large effects on root‐to‐shoot As translocation. Arsenic hyperaccumulation can be engineered in A. thaliana by knocking out the HAC1 gene and expressing PvACR3. PvACR3 and HAC1 also affect As tolerance, but not to the extent of γ‐ECS and PCS1.
A mathematical model studying the survival of forest resource–dependent wildlife population in the presence of population pressure–induced mining activities
Authors: Jyotsna Kumari , Tandon Abhinav 
Published: August 2017

AbstractKeeping human–wildlife conflicts in mind, that are taking place as a result of shrinking forest area due to overgrowing human population and consequently, due to augmentation of mining projects in the forest region, here, a nonlinear mathematical model is developed. The model is formulated under the assumption that continuously growing human population and its increasing demands impose population pressure on the environment, which results into augmentation of mining activities in the forest region. The model is analyzed qualitatively for boundedness, existence, and stability of equilibrium points, along with permanence of the model system. Quantitative analysis is also being performed by evaluating the numerical solutions of the model and analyzing them through graphical illustrations. The model analysis demonstrates that in order to have permanent model system, the growth of forest resources should be large as compared to their utilization for wildlife and human population.Summary for Managers
It is important to understand that human–wildlife conflict is one of the serious implications of the impact generated through population pressure–induced mining activities on forest resources and wildlife population.
With the continuous depletion of forest resources, due to growth of mining activities in the region, the extinction of forest resources could take place and the survival of forest resource–dependent wildlife population comes under risk. Therefore, forests, which are natural habitats for wildlife species, should be protected.
Control measures on rampant mining activities through government intervention are required in order to protect forest resources from being unsustainably overharvested.
Proper planning of mining activities in a forest region should be implemented in order to develop balanced forest ecosystem, where the human and wildlife population can live in perfect harmony.
Therapeutic applications of resveratrol and its derivatives on periodontitis
Authors: Chin Yu‐Tang , Cheng Guei‐Yun , Shih Ya‐Jung , Lin Chi‐Yu , Lin Shan‐Jen , Lai Hsuan‐Yu , Whang‐Peng Jacqueline , Chiu Hsien‐Chung , Lee Sheng‐Yang , Fu Earl , Tang Heng‐Yuan , Lin Hung‐Yun , Liu Leroy F 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPeriodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the supporting tissues of the teeth induced by periodontopathic bacteria that results in the progressive destruction of periodontal tissues. Treatment of periodontitis is painful and time‐consuming. Recently, herbal medicines have been considered for use in treating inflammation‐related diseases, including periodontitis. Resveratrol and its derivative 2,3,5,4′‐tetrahydroxystilbene‐2‐O‐β‐glucoside (THSG), a polyphenol extracted from Polygonum multiflorum, have anti‐inflammatory properties and other medical benefits. Here, we highlight the importance of resveratrol and its glycosylated derivative as possible complementary treatments for periodontitis and their potential for development as innovative therapeutic strategies. In addition, we present evidence and discuss the mechanisms of action of resveratrol and THSG on periodontitis, focusing on Porphyromonas gingivalis–induced inflammatory responses in human gingival fibroblasts and animal modeling of ligature‐induced periodontitis. We also illuminate the signal transduction pathways and the cytokines involved.
Gnetin‐C and other resveratrol oligomers with cancer chemopreventive potential
Authors: Espinoza J. Luis , Inaoka Pleiades T. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractResveratrol has been extensively studied to investigate its biological effects, including its chemopreventive potential against cancer. Over the past decade, various resveratrol oligomers, both naturally occurring and synthetic, have been described. These resveratrol oligomers result from the polymerization of two or more resveratrol units to form dimers, trimers, tetramers, or even more complex derivatives. Some oligomers appear to have antitumor activities that are similar or superior to monomeric resveratrol. In this review, we discuss resveratrol oligomers with anticancer potential, with emphasis on well‐characterized compounds, such as the dimer gnetin‐C and other oligomers from Gnetum gnemon, whose safety, pharmacokinetic, and biological activities have been studied in humans.
The impact of changes in LVEF and renal function on the prognosis of ICD patients after elective device replacement
Authors: Vandenberk Bert , Robyns Tomas , Garweg Christophe , Floré Vincent , Foulon Stefaan , Voros Gabor , Ector Joris , Willems Rik 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundA proportion of patients with an implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) in prevention of sudden cardiac death will only receive their first appropriate ICD therapy (AT) after device replacement. Clinical reassessment at the time of replacement could be helpful to guide the decision to replace or not in the future.MethodsAll patients with an ICD for primary or secondary prevention in ischemic (ICM) or nonischemic cardiomyopathy were included in a single‐center retrospective registry. The association of changes in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF; cut‐off at 35%), worsening renal function (decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate > 15 mL/min), and worsening New York Heart Association class at elective device replacement with mortality and AT was analyzed using adjusted Cox regression analysis.ResultsA total of 238 (33%) out of 727 patients received elective device replacement (86.1% male, 74.4% ICM, 42.9% primary prevention). During this replacement 20.2% received a device upgrade. The mean time to replacement was 6.4 ± 2.0 years and mean follow‐up after replacement was 3.4 ± 3.0 years. Of patients who did not receive AT before replacement 23.1% received their first AT after replacement. Worsening renal function (hazard ratio [HR] 2.79, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.50–5.18) and a consistently LVEF ≤35% compared to a consistently LVEF >35% (HR 2.15, 95% CI 1.10–4.19) at the time of replacement were independent predictors of mortality. Independent predictors of first AT after replacement could not be identified.ConclusionAlthough reassessment of LVEF and renal function at replacement can be helpful in predicting total mortality, the clinical utility to guide reimplantation seemed limited. Our experience indicates that approximately 25% of patients received their first AT only after replacement.
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotides Arrest Photoreduction of Class II DNA Photolyases in FADH˙ State
Authors: Ignatz Elisabeth , Geisselbrecht Yann , Kiontke Stephan , Essen Lars‐Oliver 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAll light‐sensitive members of the photolyase/cryptochrome family rely on FAD as catalytic cofactor. Its activity is regulated by photoreduction, a light‐triggered electron transfer process from a conserved tryptophan triad to the flavin. The stability of the reduced flavin depends on available external electron donors and oxygen. In this study, we show for the class II photolyase of Methanosarcina mazei, MmCPDII, that it utilizes physiologically relevant redox cofactors NADH and NADPH for the formation of the semiquinoid FAD in a light‐dependent reaction. Using redox‐inert variants MmCPDII/W388F and MmCPDII/W360F, we demonstrate that photoreduction by NADH and NADPH requires the class II‐specific tryptophan cascade of MmCPDII. Finally, we confirmed that mutations in the tryptophan cascade can be introduced without any substantial structural disturbances by analyzing crystal structures of MmCPDII/W388F, MmCPDII/W360F and MmCPDII/Y345F.
Pterocarpus santalinus L. Regulated Ultraviolet B Irradiation‐induced Procollagen Reduction and Matrix Metalloproteinases Expression Through Activation of TGF‐β/Smad and Inhibition of the MAPK/AP‐1 Pathway in Normal Human Dermal Fibroblasts
Authors: Gao Wei , Lin Pei , Hwang Eunson , Wang Yushuai , Yan Zhengfei , Ngo Hien T.T. , Yi Tae‐Hoo 
Published: August 2017

AbstractUltraviolet light‐induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage human skin and prematurely cause aging. A growing body of research is focusing on considering plants and plant‐derived compounds as antiphotoaging therapeutic material. Pterocarpus santalinus L., as an Indian traditional medicine, possesses antidiabetic, anti‐inflammatory and antioxidative effects. Here, we studied the antiphotoaging effects of ethanolic extract of P. santalinus L. heartwood (EPS) on ultraviolet radiation B (UVB)‐irradiated normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs). Results showed that EPS significantly inhibited the upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases and IL‐6 caused by UVB irradiation, and suppressed UVB‐induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase, Jun N‐terminal kinase and p38, as well as the activation of AP‐1 transcription factors. Further study indicated that UVB‐induced production of MMP‐1 and IL‐6 could be inhibited by PD 98059 (an ERK inhibitor) and SP600125 (A JNK inhibitor), implied that EPS inhibited UVB‐induced MMP‐1 and IL‐6 secretion by inactivating MAPK signaling pathway. In addition, EPS possessed an excellent antioxidant activity, which could increase cytoprotective antioxidants such as HO‐1, NQ‐O1 expression by facilitating the nuclear accumulation of Nrf2. Treatment of NHDFs with EPS also recovered UVB‐induced procollagen type I reduction by activating TGF‐β/Smad pathway. These findings demonstrated that EPS had a potential effect against UVB‐induced skin photoaging.
Facile Fabrication of Porous ZnS and ZnO Films by Coaxial Electrospinning for Highly Efficient Photodegradation of Organic Dyes
Authors: Wang Hua , Liang Liefeng , Cheng Xinjian , Luo Yanmei , Sun Sheng 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPorous ZnS and ZnO nano‐crystal films were fabricated via a three‐step procedure. First, Zn(CH3COO)2/Silk Fibroin nanofiber mats were prepared by coaxial electrospinning. Second, Zn(CH3COO)2/Silk Fibroin mats were immersed in NaS solution to react with S2− to obtain ZnS/Silk Fibroin nanofiber mats. Finally, ZnO porous films were prepared by calcination of ZnS/Silk Fibroin composite mat at 600°C in air atmosphere. When ZnS/Silk Fibroin mats were calcinated in nitrogen, ZnS/Carbon composite mats were obtained accordingly. The resulting porous films were fully characterized. The ZnO porous films were the aggregation of ZnO nano‐crystal with hexagonal wurtzite structure. The seize of ZnO was estimated in the range of 10–20 nm. Both of the ZnS and ZnO nano‐crystal films exhibited high photocatalytic activities for the photodegradation of Methylene blue and Rhodamine B. It was also found that ZnO porous films are better than ZnS/Carbon nanofiber mats. In addition, photocatalysis of a real wastewater sample from a printing and dyeing company was conducted. The ZnO porous films exhibited excellent performance to treat the real samples. Moreover, the porous ZnO nano‐crystal photocatalyst could easily be recycled without notable loss of catalysis ability.
Tony Atkinson and his Legacy
Authors: Aaberge Rolf , Bourguignon François , Brandolini Andrea , Ferreira Francisco H. G. , Gornick Janet C. , Hills John , Jäntti Markus , Jenkins Stephen P. , Marlier Eric , Micklewright John , Nolan Brian , Piketty Thomas , Radermacher Walter J. , Smeeding Timothy M. , Stern Nicholas H. , Stiglitz Joseph , Sutherland Holly 
Published: August 2017

AbstractTony Atkinson is universally celebrated for his outstanding contributions to the measurement and analysis of inequality, but he never saw the study of inequality as a separate branch of economics. He was an economist in the classical sense, rejecting any sub‐field labelling of his interests and expertise, and he made contributions right across economics. His death on 1 January 2017 deprived the world of both an intellectual giant and a deeply committed public servant in the broadest sense of the term. This collective tribute highlights the range, depth and importance of Tony's enormous legacy, the product of almost fifty years’ work.