bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From the Studies of Hydration and Hydrolysis Reactions to the Discovery of a New Organocatalyst and Its Further Applications in Acetalization and Glycosylation
Authors: Yuan Wenjiao , Liu Yali , Li Chunbao 
Published: June 2017

AbstractCyanuric chloride activated dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was found to catalyze the hydration of glycals and the hydrolysis of enol ethers, esters, oximes, O‐methyl oximes, and hydrazones. Overall, 68 examples of these 6 types of substrates were efficiently transformed into 2‐deoxysugars, phenols, and carbonyl compounds. Methyl methylene sulfonium chloride (a bulky weak Lewis acid) is presumed to be the active catalytic species. This assumption is strongly supported by the fact that the same reactions catalyzed by chloromethyl methyl sulfide/KI gave similar results to those catalyzed by the cyanuric chloride activated DMSO. We further employed the chloromethyl methyl sulfide/KI precatalyst to carbohydrate benzylidenations, decanal acetalizations, and the stereoselective transformations of 2‐deoxy‐2‐iodo‐α‐d‐mannopyranosyl acetate into 2,3‐unsaturated O‐glycosides. Key features of this precatalyst include that it is water tolerant, cost‐effective, and easily removed during workup.
Zum Einfluss der Nachhall‐ und Störgeräusch‐Charakteristik auf die Sprachverständlichkeit in Unterrichtsräumen
Authors: Fuchs Helmut V. , Zha Xueqin 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTiefenbetonte Nachhallzeiten und Störgeräusche führen zu unproduktivem Konzentrationsaufwand, anstrengender Sprachanhebung und so zu den Lernerfolg sowie die Gesundheit gefährdendem Lärm in Unterrichtsräumen. Mit einer breiten Palette raumakustischer Maßnahmen kann man diesem vielerorts anzutreffenden Missstand erfolgreich begegnen. Diese kommen aber oft nicht zielgenau zum Einsatz, weil die Wurzeln des Übels vielfach nicht richtig erkannt werden. Umfangreiche psychoakustische Untersuchungen mit Testpersonen im Alter zwischen 7 und 21 Jahren zeigen mit leicht nachvollziehbaren quantitativen Ergebnissen, wie stark sich tatsächlich z. B. ein Anstieg der Nachhall‐ und der Geräusch‐Spektren zu den tiefen Frequenzen hin auf die Sprachverständlichkeit auswirkt. Auch der Einfluss von Lärm ganz unterschiedlicher Quellen und Zeitverläufe wird analysiert. Wie zu erwarten, stellt die von den Nutzern selbst erzeugte Kommunikation bei schlechter akustischer Raumgestaltung die wesentlichste Störung dar. Die neuen Fakten werfen ein kritisches Schlaglicht auf die DIN 18041:2016.
User Authorization at the Molecular Scale
Authors: Lustgarten Omer , Motiei Leila , Margulies David 
Published: June 2017

AbstractElectronic user authorization systems help us maintain our privacy in many aspects of everyday life. However, the increasing difficulty to secure access and/or information digitally has inspired chemists to devise alternative, molecular approaches, in which users are identified by chemical means. The potential advantages of using molecular user authentication systems over conventional electronic devices are their versatility and unusual operating principles, which complicate replicating and, consequently, breaking into molecular security devices. Their molecular scale is another unique property that enables hiding such systems and, consequently, applying steganography as an additional layer of protection. Although the area of molecular‐based user authorization is still in its infancy, the development of various molecular keypad locks and, more recently, a password‐protected molecular cryptographic machine, indicate the possibility of protecting information at the molecular scale.
H‐bonding Assisted Self‐Assembled One‐Dimensional Nanotubes of Redox Active Triphenylamine‐Benzothiadiazole Derivative
Authors: Mrinalini Madoori , Krishna Narra Vamsi , Suman Krishna Jonnadula Venkata , Ramya A. R. , Prasanthkumar Seelam , Giribabu Lingamallu 
Published: June 2017

AbstractControl over the one‐dimensional (1D) nanotubular structures significant in organic electronics. Although, p‐ and n‐type derivatives have shown diverse nanostructures, however very few ambipolar derivatives reported until now because of constrained structural properties. By considering this issue, three triphenylamine‐benzothiadiazole based ambipolar derivatives (TBE, TBAc and TBAm) synthesized and TBAm forms 1D nanotubes exclusively. DFT and spectroelectrochemical studies displayed the formation of stable cation and anion radicals of TBAm under controlled potential of 1.30 V. UV‐vis, emission (steady‐state and TCSPC) and microscopic analyses revealed TBAm exists as J‐aggregates and further leads to nanotubes by utilizing directional amide H‐bonding, together with π‐π stacking and van der Waals interactions. Consequently, these properties aid to design novel materials, which pave the way towards efficient organic field effect transistors.
Society for the Advancement of Disaster Nursing: Exploring the Path to Excellence
Authors: Lavin Roberta Proffitt , Adelman Deborah S. , Veenema Tener Goodwin 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectiveMajor disasters occurring within the Unites States require nursing participation as a component of a successful response. Disaster nursing includes the care of populations affected by disasters, public health emergencies, and mass casualty events, both natural and man-made. A unique knowledge base, abilities, and skills are needed to respond appropriately to health care and human service needs resulting from these events.MethodsDespite prior efforts to advance disaster nursing as a specialty, none were sustainable and a professional framework for establishing standards and guidelines remains lacking.ResultsDisaster nursing is a complex arena where the intersection of competence, scope of practice, regulation, and clinical guidelines continues to evolve. Professional credibility and our contribution to disaster response lie in our ability to articulate and advance professionalism. Disaster nursing as a specialty practice requires a similar foundational framework to nursing specialties recognized by the American Nurses Association within a model of professional practice in order to ensure population outcomes that are reflective of safe, quality, evidence-based practice.ConclusionsIt is time to define a disaster nursing scope of practice, establish standards for care, identify best practices, and pursue the establishment of an independent professional organization within the field of disaster nursing. This will establish the necessary foundation for optimizing nursing’s contribution to and support of the National Health Security Strategy. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:641–646)
Transitions to different kinds of turbulence in a channel with soft walls
Authors: Srinivas S. S. , Kumaran V. 
Published: June 2017

The flow in a rectangular channel with walls made of polyacrylamide gel is experimentally studied to examine the effect of soft walls on transition and turbulence. The bottom wall is fixed to a substrate and the top wall is unrestrained. As the Reynolds number increases, two different flow regimes are observed. The first is the ‘soft-wall turbulence’ (Srinivas & Kumaran,J. Fluid Mech., vol. 780, 2015, pp. 649–686). There is a large increase in the magnitudes of the velocity fluctuations after transition and the fluid velocity fluctuations appear to be non-zero at the soft walls, although higher resolution measurements are required to establish the nature of the boundary dynamics. The fluid velocity fluctuations are symmetric about the centreline of the channel, and they show relatively little downstream variation. The wall displacement measurements indicate that there is no observable motion perpendicular to the surface to within the experimental resolution, but displacement fluctuations parallel to the surface are observed after transition. As the Reynolds number is further increased, there is a second ‘wall-flutter’ transition, which involves visible downstream travelling waves in the top (unrestrained) wall alone. Wall displacement fluctuations of frequency less than approximately$500~\text{rad}~\text{s}^{-1}$are observed both parallel and perpendicular to the wall. The mean velocity profiles and turbulence intensities are asymmetric, with much larger turbulence intensities near the top wall. The transitions are observed in sequence from a laminar flow at Reynolds number less than 1000 for a channel of height 0.6 mm and from a turbulent flow at a Reynolds number greater than 1000 for a channel of height 1.8 mm.
Characteristics of Chinese Costal Cartilage and Costa Calcification Using Dual-Energy Computed Tomography Imaging
Authors: Zhang Shanyong , Zhen Jinze , Li Huiping , Sun Shoufu , Wu Huawei , Shen Pei , Chen Zengai , Yang Chi 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTo assess characteristics of Chinese costal cartilage and costa calcification using Dual-Energy computed tomography(DECT). 154 patients who underwent chest DECT scanning were included in our study. They were divided into following groups: less than 30 years old, 31–40 years old, 41–50 years old, 51–60 years old and over 60 years old. The sixth, seventh and eighth costal cartilages and costas were evaluated. Calcification patterns of cartilage were classified as central(C), peripheral(P), mixed(M) and no calcification(N) types. Calcification degree of cartilage was distinguished as 1(0–25%), 2(26–50%) and 3(>50%). CT value, calcium and water concentrations were measured in costal cartilage, cortical or cancellous bone respectively. An increasing C pattern of cartilage was displayed in females, while P type preferred in males as age increased. Calcification degree generally changed from 1 to 2 or 3 in females. CT value and calcium concentration of cartilage went through a gradual rising course and peaked in their 40–50 years, while those two indices of cancellous bone decreased gradually since their 50 years in females. The findings suggest a gradual calcification of the costal cartilage took place before 40–50 years old and a sharp bone loss of the costa happened after 40–50 years old in females.
High-precision spatial localization of mouse vocalizations during social interaction
Authors: Heckman Jesse J. , Proville Rémi , Heckman Gert J. , Azarfar Alireza , Celikel Tansu , Englitz Bernhard 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMice display a wide repertoire of vocalizations that varies with age, sex, and context. Especially during courtship, mice emit ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) of high complexity, whose detailed structure is poorly understood. As animals of both sexes vocalize, the study of social vocalizations requires attributing single USVs to individuals. The state-of-the-art in sound localization for USVs allows spatial localization at centimeter resolution, however, animals interact at closer ranges, involving tactile, snout-snout exploration. Hence, improved algorithms are required to reliably assign USVs. We develop multiple solutions to USV localization, and derive an analytical solution for arbitrary vertical microphone positions. The algorithms are compared on wideband acoustic noise and single mouse vocalizations, and applied to social interactions with optically tracked mouse positions. A novel, (frequency) envelope weighted generalised cross-correlation outperforms classical cross-correlation techniques. It achieves a median error of ~1.4 mm for noise and ~4–8.5 mm for vocalizations. Using this algorithms in combination with a level criterion, we can improve the assignment for interacting mice. We report significant differences in mean USV properties between CBA mice of different sexes during social interaction. Hence, the improved USV attribution to individuals lays the basis for a deeper understanding of social vocalizations, in particular sequences of USVs.
TiO(OH)2 – highly effective catalysts for optimizing CO2 desorption kinetics reducing CO2 capture cost: A new pathway
Authors: Yao Hongbao , Toan Sam , Huang Liang , Fan Maohong , Wang Yujun , Russell Armistead G. , Luo Guangsheng , Fei Weiyang 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe objective is to find a new pathway for significant reduction in CO2 capture energy consumption. Specifically, nanoporous TiO(OH)2 was used to realize the objective, which was desired as a catalyst to significantly accelerate the decomposition of aqueous NaHCO3, essentially CO2 desorption – the key step of Na2CO3/NaHCO3 based CO2 capture technologies from overall CO2 energy consumption perspective. Effects of several important factors on TiO(OH)2-catalyzed NaHCO3 decomposition were investigated. The quantity of CO2 generated from 0.238 mol/L NaHCO3 at 65 °C with catalyst is ~800% of that generated without the presence of catalyst. When a 12 W vacuum pump was used for carrying the generated CO2 out of reactor, the total amount of CO2 released was improved by ~2,500% under the given experimental conditions. No significant decrease in the catalytic effect of TiO(OH)2 was observed after five cyclic CO2 activated tests. In addition, characterizations with in-situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal gravity analysis and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller of TiO(OH)2 indicate that TiO(OH)2 is quite stable. The discovery in this research could inspire scientists’ interests in starting to focus on a new pathway instead of making huge effort or investment in designing high-capacity but expensive CO2 sorbent for developing practical or cost-effective CO2 technologies.
Structural Properties and Sensing Performance of CeYxOy Sensing Films for Electrolyte–Insulator–Semiconductor pH Sensors
Authors: Pan Tung-Ming , Wang Chih-Wei , Chen Ching-Yi 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn this study we developed CeY
x
O
y
sensing membranes displaying super-Nernstian pH-sensitivity for use in electrolyte–insulator–semiconductor (EIS) pH sensors. We examined the effect of thermal annealing on the structural properties and sensing characteristics of the CeY
x
O
y
sensing membranes deposited through reactive co-sputtering onto Si substrates. X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed the structural, morphological, and chemical features, respectively, of the CeY
x
O
y
films after their annealing at 600–900 °C. Among the tested systems, the CeY
x
O
y
EIS device prepared with annealing at 800 °C exhibited the highest sensitivity (78.15 mV/pH), the lowest hysteresis voltage (1.4 mV), and the lowest drift rate (0.85 mV/h). Presumably, these annealing conditions optimized the stoichiometry of (CeY)O2 in the film and its surface roughness while suppressing silicate formation at the CeY
x
O
y
–Si interface. We attribute the super-Nernstian pH-sensitivity to the incorporation of Y ions in the Ce framework, thereby decreasing the oxidation state Ce (Ce4+ → Ce3+) and resulting in less than one electron transferred per proton in the redox reaction.
Increased platelet distribution width predicts poor prognosis in melanoma patients
Authors: Li Na , Diao Zhiyong , Huang Xiaoyi , Niu Ye , Liu Tiemin , Liu Zhi-ping , Wang Rui-tao , Yu Kai-jiang 
Published: June 2017

AbstractActivated platelets promote cancer progression and metastasis. Nevertheless, the prognostic value of platelet indices in melanoma had been rarely reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the predictive significance of platelet indices in melanoma. A total of 220 consecutive patients with melanoma were retrospectively enrolled between January 2009 and December 2009. The relationship between PDW and clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed. Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression were used to evaluate the prognostic impact of PDW. Of the 220 patients, high platelet distribution width (PDW) levels were observed in 63 (28.6%) patients. Increased PDW was associated with tumor subtype (P < 0.001). Survival curves found that patients with increased PDW had significantly shorter survival time than those with normal PDW (P < 0.001). Cox regression analysis revealed that elevated PDW was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (hazard ratio, 2.480; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.386–4.436, P = 0.002). In conclusion, PDW is easily available in routine blood test. Our findings indicated that PDW is an independent predictor and that it may also be a potential parameter for targeted therapy in melanoma.
First comprehensive proteome analysis of lysine crotonylation in seedling leaves of Nicotiana tabacum
Authors: Sun Hangjun , Liu Xiaowei , Li Fangfang , Li Wei , Zhang Jing , Xiao Zhixin , Shen Lili , Li Ying , Wang Fenglong , Yang Jinguang 
Published: June 2017

AbstractHistone crotonylation is a new lysine acylation type of post-translational modification (PTM) enriched at active gene promoters and potential enhancers in yeast and mammalian cells. However, lysine crotonylation in nonhistone proteins and plant cells has not yet been studied. In the present study, we performed a global crotonylation proteome analysis of Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) using high-resolution LC-MS/MS coupled with highly sensitive immune-affinity purification. A total of 2044 lysine modification sites distributed on 637 proteins were identified, representing the most abundant lysine acylation proteome reported in the plant kingdom. Similar to lysine acetylation and succinylation in plants, lysine crotonylation was related to multiple metabolism pathways, such as carbon metabolism, the citrate cycle, glycolysis, and the biosynthesis of amino acids. Importantly, 72 proteins participated in multiple processes of photosynthesis, and most of the enzymes involved in chlorophyll synthesis were modified through crotonylation. Numerous crotonylated proteins were implicated in the biosynthesis, folding, and degradation of proteins through the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Several crotonylated proteins related to chromatin organization are also discussed here. These data represent the first report of a global crotonylation proteome and provide a promising starting point for further functional research of crotonylation in nonhistone proteins.
Choice of analysis pathway dramatically affects statistical outcomes in breaking continuous flash suppression
Authors: Kerr James Allen , Hesselmann Guido , Räling Romy , Wartenburger Isabell , Sterzer Philipp 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBreaking Continuous Flash Suppression (bCFS) has been adopted as an appealing means to study human visual awareness, but the literature is beclouded by inconsistent and contradictory results. Although previous reviews have focused chiefly on design pitfalls and instances of false reasoning, we show in this study that the choice of analysis pathway can have severe effects on the statistical output when applied to bCFS data. Using a representative dataset designed to address a specific controversy in the realm of language processing under bCFS, namely whether psycholinguistic variables affect access to awareness, we present a range of analysis methods based on real instances in the published literature, and indicate how each approach affects the perceived outcome. We provide a summary of published bCFS studies indicating the use of data transformation and trimming, and highlight that more compelling analysis methods are sparsely used in this field. We discuss potential interpretations based on both classical and more complex analyses, to highlight how these differ. We conclude that an adherence to openly available data and analysis pathways could provide a great benefit to this field, so that conclusions can be tested against multiple analyses as standard practices are updated.
The complexity of Orion: an ALMA view
Authors: Pagani L. , Favre C. , Goldsmith P. F. , Bergin E. A. , Snell R. , Melnick G. 
Published: June 2017

Context. We wish to improve our understanding of the Orion central star formation region (Orion-KL) and disentangle its complexity.
Aims. We collected data with ALMA during cycle 2 in 16 GHz of total bandwidth spread between 215.1 and 252.0 GHz with a typical sensitivity of 5 mJy/beam (2.3 mJy/beam from 233.4 to 234.4 GHz) and a typical beam size of 1.̋7 × 1.̋0 (average position angle of 89°). We produced a continuum map and studied the emission lines in nine remarkable infrared spots in the region including the hot core and the compact ridge, plus the recently discovered ethylene glycol peak.
Methods. We present the data, and report the detection of several species not previously seen in Orion, including n- and i-propyl cyanide (C3H7CN), and the tentative detection of a number of other species including glycolaldehyde (CH2(OH)CHO). The first detections of gGg′ ethylene glycol (gGg′ (CH2OH)2) and of acetic acid (CH3COOH) in Orion are presented in a companion paper. We also report the possible detection of several vibrationally excited states of cyanoacetylene (HC3N), and of its 13C isotopologues. We were not able to detect the 16O18O line predicted by our detection of O2 with Herschel, due to blending with a nearby line of vibrationally excited ethyl cyanide. We do not confirm the tentative detection of hexatriynyl (C6H) and cyanohexatriyne (HC7N) reported previously, or of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) emission.
Results. We report a complex velocity structure only partially revealed before. Components as extreme as −7 and +19 km s-1 are detected inside the hot region. Thanks to different opacities of various velocity components, in some cases we can position these components along the line of sight. We propose that the systematically redshifted and blueshifted wings of several species observed in the northern part of the region are linked to the explosion that occurred ~500 yr ago. The compact ridge, noticeably farther south displays extremely narrow lines (~1 km s-1) revealing a quiescent region that has not been affected by this explosion. This probably indicates that the compact ridge is either over 10 000 au in front of or behind the rest of the region.
Conclusions. Many lines remain unidentified, and only a detailed modeling of all known species, including vibrational states of isotopologues combined with the detailed spatial analysis offered by ALMA enriched with zero-spacing data, will allow new species to be detected.
Opana-induced thrombotic microangiopathy masquerading as thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Ban Byung H. , Verma Ashish , Tudor Maria , Sethi Jigme 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Opana (oxymorphone) is a powerful semi-synthetic opioid agonist used for chronic pain management that is ingested orally. However, improper injection of Opana can lead to a rare and fatal blood disorder known as thrombotic microangiopathy. Opana-induced thrombotic microangiopathy can be easily mistaken for thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), leading to the initiation of therapeutic plasma exchange. Current literature has conflicting views on the necessity of therapeutic plasma exchange for the treatment of Opana-induced thrombotic microangiopathy. In our case report, a 47-year-old Caucasian male was admitted with a presentation suspicious for TTP then underwent therapeutic plasma exchange without clinical improvement. With supportive treatment only, the patient eventually improved and later admitted to intravenously abusing oral Opana 1–2 days prior to becoming ill.