bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation, Characterization and Evaluation of Silver Nanoparticles of Thunbergia Grandiflora and Its Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Pal Priyanka , Gupta Naveen , Jain Shailesh 
Published: September 2024

Nanoparticles are gaining interest in biomedical applications due to its importance such as anti-bacterial, anti-fungal and anti-cancer agents. A conventional method for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles involves toxic reagents which produce harmful by-products and are hazardous to the environment. To overcome these limitations, green synthesis of nanoparticles was established. Eco-friendly methods using plant extracts are gaining popularity due to the abundance of raw materials and the production of non-toxic by-products threatening to the environment. Moreover, the nanoparticles synthesized from the plant extract are cost-effective. In addition, nanoparticles produced by green synthesis methods produce synergetic effect where both the nanoparticles as well as the natural bioactive constituents of the plant influence the biocidal properties. The present investigation evaluates phytochemical screening, antimicrobial, antioxidant activities and green synthesis, characterization of silver nanoparticles and its antimicrobial activity. Three dissimilar solvents viz., petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and methanol were used to prepare crude extracts of T. grandiflora leaves. Antioxidant activity was examined by means of DPPH and reducing power assay method. AgNPs were synthesized by using 1mM AgNO3 solution mixed with leaf aqueous extract of T. grandiflora. The characterization of the prepared AgNPs was done by UV-Vis spectrometry and FTIR spectroscopy. Antimicrobial activity was studied by agar well diffusion method. The phytochemical screening results unveiled the bearing of different phytochemicals viz., flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, carbohydrates, terpenoids, steroids, tannins and free anthraquinones particularly with relatively high abundance in methanol extract. The total phenolics content of leaves of methanolic extract was (0.058mg/gm), followed by flavonoids (1.080mg/gm). Likewise methanol extract too exhibited effective free radical scavenging and antimicrobial activities were concentration dependent. The characterization results of the prepared AgNPs displayed that the silver nanoparticles are formed and stabilized by plant phyto-constituents and also exhibited virtuous antimicrobial property. Green synthesis process is a pivotal area in nanotechnology and usage of natural resources is the best choice for the making of NPs as a sustainable, eco-friendly, inexpensive and free of chemical contaminant method.
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) and its Genetic Diversity in clinical Isolates from Uttarakhand Population
Authors: Kuriyal Monika , Bhandari Anjali , Suman Aaryansh Kumar , Shootha Dheeraj , Gairola Yati , Sharma Narotam , Nautiyal Satish Chandra 
Published: September 2024

Hepatitis C is major cause of chronic liver disease. It has been recognised as a global health problem because of the progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular cancer. Quantization and genotyping of HCV RNAs are important to determine the optimal duration of anti-viral therapy and predict likelihood of response. Total 77 samples were tested biochemically, serologically and molecular assay (Roche COBAS TaqMan 48 Real Time PCR). Out of 77 cases 33(42.85%) were with high viral load (>103IU/ ml of HCV RNA) and low viral load (below 103IU/ml) 2 (2.59%) and 42 (54.54%) were target not detected (below 25 IU/ml). Genotype 3 was prevailed with 68.42% out of 35 cases followed by HCV genotype 15.78% in 1, 5.26% in 2 and 6, 2.63% in 1b and 4. In addition, our studies showed that genotype 1, 2, 4 and 6 (mixed genotype was detected in 1 cases with viral load 6.62 × 108IU/ml). Total protein content in serum in all the cases was average except 04 cases that was having low protein content. 02 cases were having low uric acid content that was having high viral load. From all high positive (high viral load) cases which were further diagnosed for their genotyping in which genotype 3 was prevalent following by genotype1, 1b, 2, 4 and 6. Study signifies the gene based diagnosis and its clinical relevance for the proper management of the patients.
Keywords: Hepatitis, Chronic, Real Time PCR, Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Serology
Copper sulfate-resistant bacteria isolated from Blue Soil Hills, Sagada, Mountain Province, Philippines
Authors: Reyes Alvin T. , Estes Jojie G. , Reyes Alfred T , Bermudez Jay L. , Atayde Jimbo D , Aguilar John Paul T , Baltazar Luigi S., , Calapardo Michael E , Vallada Roval L 
Published: September 2024

The objective of this study was to isolate copper sulfate-resistant bacteria in Blue Soil Hills, Sagada, Mountain, Province, Philippines. Three distinct bacterial colonies were isolated from the soil sample. The isolates were different from one another based upon colonial characteristics and growth patterns in solid and liquid medium. All three bacteria were gram-positive and were able to grow in medium supplemented with various concentrations of copper sulfate. More luxurious growth was observed in medium with highest supplementation (333.33 ppm). The isolated bacteria could be potential bioremediation agents in soil and water heavily contaminated with copper.
Keywords: Copper sulfate, bioremediation, Blue Soil Hills, Sagada, Mountain Province
Development and Validation of Stability indicating RP- HPLC method for Simultaneous Estimation of Sofosbuvir and Ledipasvir in Bulk Tablet Dosage Form
Authors: Mankar S.D. , Bhawar S.B. , Dalavi P.R. 
Published: September 2024

The present research work describes a simple, accurate, precise, effective, Stability indicating RP-HPLC method for simultaneous estimation of Sofosbuvir and Ledipasvir in their tablet dosage form. A reverse phase high performance chromatographic method was developed for simultaneous estimation of Sofosbuvir and Ledipasvir their combined dosage. The separation was achieved by Inertsil ODS C18 column (150X4.6mm, 5µm) column, and ACN: 0.1% TFA in the proportion of 30:70 %v/v as mobile phase, at a flow rate of 1 ml/min. Detection was carried out at 245 nm. For RP-HPLC method results of the validation indicate that the method was linear in the range of 100-600μg/ml for Sofosbuvir and 22.5-135μg/ml for Ledipasvir. The % recoveries for Sofosbuvir and Ledipasvir obtained in the accuracy study were 99.92-100.31% and 99.84-100.55% respectively. The LOD for Sofosbuvir and Ledipasvir were found to be 0.395μg/ml and 0.132μg/ml respectively. LOQ for Sofosbuvir and Ledipasvir were found to be 1.197μg/ml and 0.401μg/ml respectively. Force degradation study also done and method is stability indicating. Developed methods were found to be accurate, precise, rapid and stability indicating for simultaneous estimation of Sofosbuvir and Ledipasvir.
Keywords: RP-HPLC, Sofosbuvir, Ledipasvir, ACN, TFA.
Preclinical evaluation of Sesbanian grandiflora flower extract for antihyperlipidimic and antiobesity activity on experimental rats
Authors: Nikam Sandhyarani Anil , Kolhe Swati U. , Tembhurne Sachin V. 
Published: September 2024

Obesity is a chronic disorder of global prevalence and associated with morbidity and mortality. So the attention is being focused on the investigation of plant based drug used in the traditional medicine for the treatement of obesity .The present study is undertaken to evaluate the anti- hyperlipidimic and anti-obesity activity of Sesbania grandiflora flower extract in High Fatty Diet induced Obesity in rats. Female wistar rat weighing 150-200 g were divided into different groups i.e. normal control, Negative control [Hfd control], orlistat [STD control], extract of sesbania grandiflora flower contain 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg group. .Obesity was assessed by measuring biochemical parameters such as glucose, triglyceride, serum cholesterol, HDL [High Density Lipoprotein], LDL [Low Density Lipoprotein] level. The results of the present investigation demonstrated that, the extract of sesbania grandiflora flower at 200mg/kg and 400 mg/kg shows significant protective effects on biochemical parameters such as body weight, BMI, obesity index, and adiposity index respectively as compared to HFD [High Fatty Diet] control group. Similarly, serum glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol HDL, LDL was found to be attenuated as compare to HFD control group. The ethanolic extract of sesbania grandiflora flower exhibit significant anti-hyperlipidemia and anti- obesity activity in High fatty diet induced in obese rat.
Keywords: HFD [High fatty diet], sesbania grandiflora flower extract, anti- obesity, Anti –Hyperlipidimic Activity.
Concept of Aging of Skin in Unani Medicine and its Management through Hydration therapy: A Review
Authors: FAIZ ABUL , Anas Mohammed 
Published: September 2024

Unani medicine is based upon the theory of four humors in the body. The temperaments of individuals are revealed accordingly by the words sanguine, phlegmatic, choleric, and melancholic on the preponderance of the respective humor. Innate fluid (Ratoobat-e-ghareeziya) plays a key role in maintaining equilibrium of innate heat (Hararat-e-ghareeziya). Change in the quality and quantity of Ratoobat-e-ghareeziya, directly affects Hararat-e-ghareeziya. Excessive reduction (tahleel) in Hararat-e-ghareeziya affects in two ways; i.e. Diminished Hararat-e-ghareeziya causes change in physiological functions of the body like in case of skin, when innate fluid of diminished, the skin becomes cold and dry in temperament which leads to wrinkles and early aging of skin. Hydration is one of the important therapies to prevent early aging of skin. Recent studies also reveal that during the aging cell division in the skin, decreases reduce collagen production and change the elastin fibers of structure. The visible changes are a decrease in sebum production and the moisture content, which is why many elderly suffer from dry skin and decreased elasticity of the skin. The result is that the skin is flaccid and puckering. Other factors are your lifestyle, diet, heredity, and other personal habits like smoking can produce free radicals. Free radicals damage the cells, leading to premature wrinkles. This paper aims to present the concept of Aging of skin, prevention and basic principles of management.
Keywords: Aging, Humors, Temperament
Phytopharmaceuticals: An emerging platform for innovation and development of new drugs from botanicals
Authors: Bhusnure Omprakash G , Shinde Madhuri C , Vijayendra Swamy S.M , Gholve Sachin B , Giram Padmaja S , Birajdar Mahesh J 
Published: September 2024

A phytomedicine, or phytopharmacutical, is a complex mixture derived from plant sources that is used as a medicine or drug. The Ministry of Health has begun the standardization of the names of all phytopharmaceutical preparations. The development of phytopharmaceutical products, which might partially substitute some of the conventional medications demanding imported raw materials, and which could be produced by pharmaceutical industries based in developing countries through joint projects. Highest demands are made on clinically proven phyto-pharmaceuticals. Their effect and safety have to be verified in randomized, double-blind, (placebo)-controlled clinical trials. They are developed and scientifically evaluated in the same way as conventional medicinal products. Globally, herbal medicine has been considered an important alternative to modern allopathic medicine. While they have become very popular, only select herbs have been scientifically evaluated for their potential in medical treatment. The new drug Veregen (Polyphenon E) Ointment is the first prescription botanical (herbal) drug approved by the U.S. FDA under the “new” drug amendments of 1962 that required drugs to be proven safe and effective prior to being marketed in the U.S. Because of the unique health benefits and relatively low side effects, natural products such as food/dietary supplements, nutraceuticals and herbal medicines have been gaining popularity all over the world The gap between the popularity of these remedies and the frequently weak scientific basis of their use is striking. In reality, the efficacy and true frequency of side effects for most herbal medicine products is not known because the majority have not yet been tested in large clinical trials and because pharmacovigilance systems are much less extensive than those in place for pharmaceutical products. In contrast to the popularity of herbal medicinal products, physicians and consumers often have a very critical view of robust efficacy and safety profiles. Application of pharmaceutical nanotechnology for plant actives and extracts, is gaining a tremendous growth and interest among the scientist.
Keywords: Phytopharmaceuticals, Harbal, plant extract, phototherapy, Morphine, Ayurveda, metabolites, fingerprint.
Formulation and Characterization of Mouth Dissolving Tablet of Antiepileptic Drug using Natural Superdisintegrants
Authors: Gandhi Lavika , Akhtar Md. Semimul 
Published: September 2024

MDTs is regarding as a good candidates for the patients with persistent nausea, who are traveling, or who have little or no access to water. The objective of present research work was to prepare and evaluate the mouth dissolving tablet of Lacosamide using Super disintegrants like Guar Gum, and other excipients like Microcrystalline Cellulose and Mannitol in different concentrations by Direct Compression method. Lacosamide has been shown to be an effective antiepileptic agent appropriate for the epilepsy patients. Effect of different formulation variables i.e. amount of polymer and type of polymer was studied on release profile and other characteristics. The mouth dissolving tablets were prepared by single punch machine using powder blend of superdisintegrant and Lacosamide. Post-compression parameters like Hardness, weight variation, friability, In-Vitro dispersion, Drug content uniformity and In-vitro drug release studies were carried out for all the formulation. All the Formulations gave the result within the official limits. The prepared mouth dissolving tablet shows the properties of fast disintegration time (28 sec to 47 sec) within official limit. By the in-vitro disintegration, it is concluded that formulation F2 prepared by Guar Gum (10%) showed the fast disintegration time than the MCC. Therefore, it may be concluded that mouth dissolving tablet was suitable choice for delivery system of Lacosamide.
Keywords: Lacosamide, Mouth dissolving tablets, Superdisintegrants, Guargum, microcrystalline cellulose, Direct compression method, Antiepileptic drug.
Simultaneous Estimation & Validation of Praziquantel & Pyrantel Pamoate in Bulk & Pharmaceutical Dosage Form by Using RP-HPLC
Authors: Dighe Nachiket S. , Shinde Ganesh S. , Dhamak K .V. , Shete R.G. 
Published: September 2024

The first reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic method for quantitation studies of, Praziquantel and Pyrantel Pamoate has been developed and validated to be a simple, sensitive, rapid, specific, precise, and accurate method. Chromatographic separation was achieved on C18 column (250×4.6 mm-5μm p.s). Methanol and water in a ratio [85:15 v/v] as a mobile phase at flow rate of 0.8ml/min. UV detection was operated at 217 nm and injection volum was 20 μl.. The proposed method showed good linearity, accuracy, precision and was successfully applied for determination of the drugs in laboratory prepared pharmaceutical dosage forms. The current method has been statistically validated according to the ICH guidelines and this method has been subsequently developed and applied successfully to determine the levels of Praziquantel and Pyrantel pamoate in a combined formulation and in the routine quality control analysis with good accuracy and sensitivity.
Keywords: Praziquantel, Pyrantel pamoate, Quantitation Studies, RP-HPLC ,
Overview of Transdermal Medicated Patches with its research updates in preceding years
Authors: Kharia A. , Gilhotra R. , Singhai A. K. 
Published: September 2024

Innovations in transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) is an important influence to medical practice by providing advances in the delivery of treatment with existing conventional drugs and novel drugs. Transdermal drug delivery is one of the most promising methods for drug application. It has several benefits over conventional system to offer sustained drug release, avoidance of first pass effect, patient compliance, ease of application and removal in case of toxicity as well as decrease in the side effects as compared with conventional therapy. Transdermal patches are dosage forms which transport drug to viable epidermal and dermal tissues of the skin for local therapeutic effect while a very major fraction of drug is transported into the systemic blood circulation. Skin penetration enhancement techniques have been developed to improve bioavailability and increase the range of drugs for which topical and transdermal delivery. The purpose of this review is to introduce transdermal patches including type of transdermal patches, components of transdermal patches, method of preparation of TDDS, evaluation parameters, researches and development done on TDDS in last decade etc.
Keywords: Transdermal Drug Delivery System, Permeation Enhancers, Transdermal Patch, Polymer Matrix.
Preformulation Studies of Rosuvastatin
Authors: Rajput Pallavi , Gauniya Anju 
Published: September 2024

Reliable experimental determination of the solubility of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in solvents and the correlation for solubility analysis is crucial for the accelerated design and optimization of procedures in the drug industry for isolation, purification and formulation. In this study, the antihypercholesterolemic drug rosuvastatin was evaluated for solubility, effect of pH, compatibity with various exepients. In this research, the rosuvastatin, an antihypercholesterolemic drug was analysed for solubility, pH effect, and compatibility with different excipients. Drug dispersion subjected to Differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray powder diffractometry.
Keywords: Hypercholesterolaemia, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, DSC, XRPD
Various analytical methods for analysis of atorvastatin: A review
Authors: Chawla Pooja A , Pandey Shailendra , Monika , 
Published: September 2024

Hyperlipidemia is produced due to abnormal elevated level of lipids in the blood and is a major risk factor for many heart diseases such as atherosclerosis and stroke. Lipids have been implicated in the development of atherosclerosis in humans. In hyperlipidemia there are increased levels of both LDL and triglycerides. Treatment of hyperlipidemia with statins has become an integral part of management of vascular diseases. Statins are the first line therapy for lowering lipid levels. Among statins atorvastatin is the most effective and currently available antihyperlipidemic drug. An enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase play an important for endogenous cholesterol synthesis. Atorvastatin is HMG-CoA (3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA) reductase inhibitor which significantly reduces the lipid levels (low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, very low-density lipoprotein) and also increases the HDL (high-density lipoprotein) levels. Various analytical methods such as reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC), thin layer chromatography (TLC), ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC), liquid chromatography tendam mass spectroscopy, near infrared spectroscopy, capillary electrophoresis (CE), spectrophotometric methods for determination of atorvastatin as single and in combination with other drugs have been reported. In this review an attempt has been made to covers all the recent analytical methods which has been used for analysis of atorvastatin.
Keywords: Atorvastatin, Analytical Methods, HPLC, HPTLC.
Solid Dispersion as Strategy to Improve the Solubility of Poorly Water Soluble Drugs and their Utilization and Consideration during Formulation Development
Authors: SHEJUL MAHESH BABANRAO , Godge R.K. , Kakad S.B. , Siddheshwar S.S. 
Published: September 2024

Solid dispersions are most promising system to increase the solubility of poorly water soluble drugs. By using reduction in drug particle size in required specification, and due to that improving drug wettability, bioavailability may be todays need. Solid dispersion generally presented as amorphous products, mainly obtained by two major different methods, melting and solvent evaporation. Now days, surfactants have been included to stabilize the formulations, thus avoiding drug recrystallization and potentiating their solubility. New manufacturing processes to obtain solid dispersions have also been developed to reduce the drawbacks of the initial process. In this review, it is intended to discuss the consideration during formulation development also role of hydrophobic polymer for solubility enhancement various strategy to inhibit the recrystallization.
Keywords: Solid dispersion, recrystallization, solubility, bioavailability, dissolution rate, hydrophobic polymer.
Phytophospholipid Complexes: A Potential Novel Carrier System for Hepatoprotective Drug Delivery System
Authors: Singh Arun Kumar , Singh Anita 
Published: September 2024

A variety of huge number of phytoconstituents isolated from the parts of plant or whole plants having the wide spectrum of pharmacological activity. But these phytoconstituents, despite having excellent in vitro bioactivity, but fails to show no in vivo activity actions, due to their limited lipid or aqueous solubility, Improper molecular size, improper permeation through biological mucosa or destruction in gastric or gut environment. So that the potential use of these herbal based drugs are limited due to their poor absorption and poor bioavailability after topical or oral administration. Over the past century, the great advancement has been made for development of novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) of phytoconstituents and herbal extracts such as Nanotechnology based formulation, liposomes, niosomes, transferosomes, ethosomes Phytophospholipid complex (phytosomes) and microparticle, etc has been developed. Novel potential phytophospholipid complexation methods have been developed by the formulation researcher to enhance the therapeutic activity of plant based drugs. In this method complexation of phytoconstituents with phospholipids in different molar ratio results into the development of novel herbal drug delivery system “phytophospholipid complex”. From the earlier research the formulation scientists have been proved that phytophospholipid complex show better pharmacokinetic and pharmacological profile than conventional herbal extracts. This review article highlights about the phospholipd as a carrier, current and future scenario of phytophospholipid complex and its potential application in hepatoprotection.
Keywords: Herbal Drug Delivery, Phospholipis, Phospholipid Complex, Hepatotoxicity, Hepatoprotection