bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Switching Photoluminescence “On‐Off‐On” for Detection of Chromium (VI) Ion and Ascorbic Acid with N,S‐Codoped Carbon Dots
Authors: Mishra Anurag , Bhattacharya Sagarika 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA photoluminescent‐based “Turn On → Off → On” technique was adopted for a toxic, heavy metal ion detection, that is, specifically chromium (VI) and a pharmaceutically relevant ascorbic acid molecule. Metal‐free, environmentally benign, and fluorescent carbon dots, a potential vehicle for spectrofluorometric detection, were successfully deployed as sensors. Carbon dots synthesized from citric acid and sulfanilamide conserve the fragments of the precursor molecule on the surface. Zeta potential measurement evidenced the positively charged carbon nanoparticles physically interact with the Cr(VI)/Cr2O72− in acidic pH, resulting in a remarkable quenching in net fluorescence. Thorough studies revealed that the static quenching and inner filter effect were responsible for the reduction in fluorescence intensity. We have demonstrated a new rapid (in seconds) detection platform for Cr(VI) and ascorbic acid.
Synthesis, Reaction Mechanism, DNA Cleavage, and Antitumor Properties of Pyridazinedione‐Fused Enediynes
Authors: Zhang Houjun , Li Xuejie , Cheng Haonan , Pu Fangxu , Zheng Hongyu , Huang Xiaohua , Ding Yun , Lan Jiaming , Hu Aiguo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNatural enediyne antibiotics undergo thermally induced cycloaromatization under physiological conditions to generate highly reactive diradicals that effectively abstract hydrogen atoms from biomacromolecules like DNA, leading to DNA cleavage and inducing programmed cell death in tumor cells, exhibiting potent cytotoxicity and broad‐spectrum antitumor properties. In order to further explore promising synthetic analogues of natural enediynes, a 3,6‐pyridazinedione moiety was fused at the ene‐position, and 10 new enediyne compounds with different atoms at the propargylic positions were synthesized. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and electron paramagnetic resonance results indicated that these enediynes exhibited a rather low onset temperature and the capability to generate radical species at physiological temperatures. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrated that the pyridazinedione moiety facilitates cascade rearrangement processes, thereby endowing the key cycloaromatization with a low energy barrier. The enediynes with propargylic oxygen exhibit strong DNA cleavage capabilities, and all pyridazinedione‐fused enediynes showed IC50 values in the range of several tens of micromolars against HeLa cells.
Physical climate change exposure and firms' adaptation strategy
Authors: Li Xia 
Published: October 2024

AbstractResearch SummaryThis article examines whether and how firms adapt to physical exposures to climate change. I build a novel dataset that compiles information on the adaptation strategies of publicly traded companies around the globe and merge it with climate science data. I find that firms are sensitive to the nature and level of forecasted climate change exposures, and that they adapt more often and more completely to those most salient to their business. Increased physical climate exposure heightens the perceived impact of climate change, leading to a higher degree of adaptation. Furthermore, the positive relationship between firms' climate change exposure and their adaptation is stronger for firms with greater environmental, social, and corporate governance capabilities and those with longer time horizons.Managerial SummaryCompanies are increasingly exposed to the physical impacts of climate change, yet little is known about how they adapt to these long‐term, systemic, and uncertain changes. This study investigates corporate adaptation strategies in response to climate change. By analyzing climate science data and climate change disclosure information from publicly traded companies worldwide, I find that most firms do not adapt to different physical climate change exposures. They adapt more often and more completely when facing higher forecasted climate exposures. Furthermore, firms' environmental, social, and corporate governance capabilities and their time horizons influence their adaptation to greater climate exposures. These findings suggest that targeted interventions may be necessary to improve corporate adaptation to climate change.
Research on Efficient Electromagnetic Shielding Performance and Modulation Mechanism of Aero/Organo/Hydrogels with Gravity‐Induced Asymmetric Gradient Structure
Authors: He Man , Lv Xuelian , Li Zhonghui , Li Haoyuan , Qian Wen , Zhu Shengyin , Zhou Yuming , Wang Yongjuan , Bu Xiaohai 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTo eliminate electromagnetic pollution, it is a challenging task to develop highly efficient electromagnetic shielding materials that integrate microwave absorption (MA) performance with high shielding capability and achieve tunability in shielding performance. Asymmetrically structured aero/organo/hydrogels with a progressively changing concentration gradient of liquid metal nanoparticles (LMNPs), induced by gravity, are prepared by integrating the conductive fillers Ti3C2Tx MXene and LMNPs into a dual‐network structure composed of polyvinyl alcohol and cellulose nanofibers. Benefiting from the unique structure, which facilitates the absorption‐reflection‐reabsorption process of electromagnetic waves along with conductive fillers and the porous structure, three types of gels demonstrate efficient shielding performance. HPCML achieves a total shielding effectiveness (SET) of up to 86.9 dB and a reflection shielding effectiveness (SER) of as low as 2.85 dB. Especially, APCML, with an ultra‐low reflection coefficient (R) of 6.4%, achieves compatibility between shielding performance and MA properties. The relationship between dispersing media (air, water, and glycerol/water) and the shielding performance of aero/organo/hydrogels is explored, thereby achieving modulation of the shielding performance of the gel system. The work has paved a clear path for integrating absorption and shielding capabilities into a composite material, thereby providing a prototype of a highly efficient shielding material with MA performance.
Colloidal Structure Dictates Antimicrobial Efficacy in LL‐37 Self‐Assemblies With Glycerol Monooleate
Authors: Valentin Jules D. P. , Kadakia Parth , Varidel Lucie J. , Stuart Marc C. A. , Salentinig Stefan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe antimicrobial peptide LL‐37 is a promising alternative to conventional antibiotics to combat bacteria in suspension and biofilms. Its self‐assembly with polar lipids is suggested to improve its potential for therapeutic applications with higher stability against degradation and bioavailability. This study investigates the self‐assembly of LL‐37 with glyceryl monooleate (GMO), establishing the link between colloidal structure and antimicrobial activity. Small‐angle X‐ray scattering, dynamic light scattering and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy show structural transformation from dispersions of inverse bicontinuous structure (cubosomes) to multilamellar vesicles and direct rod‐like mixed‐micelles upon increasing the content of LL‐37 in GMO. In vitro assays against planktonic and biofilm cells demonstrate that 128 µg mL−1 of GMO cubosomes have no impact on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Still, the cubosomes reduce the Staphylococcus aureus planktonic population by ≈ 1‐log after 24 h. Cylindrical micelles formed at LL‐37/GMO 9/1 and 8/2 with 128 µg mL−1 LL‐37 decrease the Pseudomonas aeruginosa population by 6‐log. This activity is gradually abolished when LL‐37 is encapsulated in vesicles or cubosomes. They also demonstrate low antibiofilm efficacy and promote the biomass of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. These results highlight the importance of colloidal structure for therapeutic outcomes, providing insights for advanced lipid nanocarrier designs.
ZnO Nanoparticle Assisted Liquid Metal for Dendrite‐Free Zn Metal Anodes
Authors: Tang Li‐Jun , Gao Jian , Liang Xue , Zhang Qian , Lv Zhiguo , Zhang Yong‐Chao , Zhu Xiao‐Dong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDendrite growth and interfacial side reactions on Zn anode seriously affect the safety and service life of Zn ions batteries. Interface engineering is an effective way to solve these problems. Here, a liquid metal‐ZnO composite coating with high ionic conductivity is creatively designed, which not only reduces the Zn2+ diffusion barrier but also increases the hydrogen evolution overpotential, thereby eliminating dendrite growth behavior and corrosion on the modified Zn anode. Moreover, its unique structure induces Zn deposition into the inner of coating, which can effectively avoid the volume expansion in the deposit layer of Zn anode. Therefore, it can cycle for 3 000 h at an ultra‐small polarization of 28 mV at 1 mA cm−2, and the microbattery assembled in combination with the MnO2 cathode also maintains 2 000 cycles with high Coulomb efficiency, providing a general idea for the development of the next generation of rechargeable metal batteries.
Radiation‐Synthesized Metal–Organic Frameworks with Ligand‐Induced Lewis Pairs for Selective CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: Liu Wenhui , Tang Bijun , Huang Kai , Zhang Zhihui , Wang Zeming , An Guangbin , Zhang Mingwan , Wang Kang , Fu Shuai , Guo Huazhang , Han Tao , Lian Cheng , Zhang Baohua , Wu Tong , Lei Zhendong , Wang Liang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe electrochemical activation of inert CO2 molecules through C─C coupling reactions under ambient conditions remains a significant challenge but holds great promise for sustainable development and the reduction of CO2 emission. Lewis pairs can capture and react with CO2, offering a novel strategy for the electrosynthesis of high‐value‐added C2 products. Herein, an electron‐beam irradiation strategy is presented for rapidly synthesizing a metal–organic framework (MOF) with well‐defined Lewis pairs (i.e., Cu‐ Npyridinic). The synthesized MOFs exhibit a total C2 product faradic efficiency of 70.0% at −0.88 V versus RHE. In situ attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectra reveal that the electron‐deficient Lewis acidic Cu sites and electron‐rich Lewis basic pyridinic N sites in the ligand facilitate the targeted chemisorption, activation, and conversion of CO2 molecules. DFT calculations further elucidate the electronic interactions of key intermediates in the CO2 reduction reaction. The work not only advances Lewis pair‐site MOFs as a new platform for CO2 electrochemical conversion, but also provides pioneering insights into the underlying mechanisms of electron‐beam irradiated synthesis of advanced nanomaterials.
An Introduction to the Modular Forensic Handwriting Method
Authors: Bird Carolyne , Jones Kylie , Ballantyne Kaye 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe forensic examination of handwriting utilizes complex human perceptual and cognitive processes that can be difficult to accurately and validly describe since, for the most part, these processes are unseen. The series of articles published in this WIREs special issue present the agreed general approach that government practitioners in Australia use in the majority of the handwriting comparisons that they carry out. The systematic modular approach is informed by research and developments in the fields of motor control of handwriting, human factors, validation of handwriting examination, and evidence evaluation and reporting. The method is based around a process outline which structures the comparison process and provides the reader with a guide to the tasks to undertake and issues to consider at the different stages commonly worked through in practical handwriting examinations. Where decision or assessment points occur within the course of the method, a series of modules have been developed which describe the nature of the matter under consideration and address relevant theoretical and practical issues. Each module (published as an article in this special issue) is, as far as is practical, independent of other modules in the method. This will facilitate changes in the process over time that may result from theoretical, practical or technological advances in the field. The document as a whole can be used by practitioners actively involved in casework, or individuals such as researchers, academics, and legal professionals with an interest in understanding or exploring aspects of the practice of forensic handwriting examination.
Nanoscale Radiotheranostics for Cancer Treatment: From Bench to Bedside
Authors: Jiao Xiaodan , Hong Hao , Cai Weibo 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIn recent years, the application of radionuclides‐containing nanomaterials in cancer treatment has garnered widespread attention. The diversity of nanomaterials allows researchers to selectively combine them with appropriate radionuclides for biomedical purposes, addressing challenges faced by peptides, small molecules, or antibodies used for radionuclide labeling. However, with advantages come challenges, and nanoradionuclides still encounter significant issues during clinical translation. This review summarized the recent progress of nanosized radionuclides for cancer treatment or diagnosis. The discussion began with representative radionuclides and the methods of incorporating them into nanomaterial structures. Subsequently, new combinations of nanomaterials and radionuclides, along with their applications, were introduced to demonstrate their future trends. The benefits of nanoradionuclides included optimized pharmacokinetic properties, enhanced disease‐targeting efficacy, and synergistic application with other treatment techniques. Besides, the basic rule of this section was to summarize how these nanoradionuclides can truly impact the diagnosis and therapy of various cancer types. In the last part, the focus was devoted to the nanoradionuclides currently applicable in clinics and how to address the existing issues and problems based on our knowledge.
The Complexation in Co(NO3)2 ⋅ 6H2O/2,2′‐bipyridine/Y(NO3)3 ⋅ 6H2O/MeOH System: Still More to Uncover
Authors: Gavrikov Andrey , Buzoverov Mikhail , Babeshkin Konstantin , Ilyukhin Andrey 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe formation of novel uncommon heterodinuclear complex was detected in Co(NO3)2 ⋅ 6H2O/2,2′‐bipyridine/Y(NO3)3 ⋅ 6H2O/MeOH system. The peculiarities of composition and structure of this new compound were found to alter its vibrational and thermal properties compared to those of reported major product formed in the same system.
Measuring Systemic Risk: A Review of the Main Approaches
Authors: Pampurini Francesca , Quaranta Anna Grazia 
Published: October 2024

AbstractScholars, Regulatory and Supervisory Authorities have always been engaged in the search for efficient approaches to measuring systemic risk. Such procedures are extremely useful, first and foremost, in understanding and managing the stability and resilience of a financial-economic system as a whole, in forecasting possible crisis situations, and in implementing effective macro-prudential policies in response to the turbulence that can be generated by systemic risk in the financial system. Actually, over time, different approaches to measuring systemic risk have been defined. Undoubtedly, these methods are difficult to compare and often result in assessment parameters that are difficult to cointegrate. This chapter describes and analyses the main approaches for measuring systemic risk currently used in the literature. In more detail, it analyses the Probability Distribution Measures, the Network Analysis Measures, the Illiquidity Measures, the Contingent Claims and Default Measures and, last but not least, the Macro-economic Measures.
How Does NPLs Securitization Affect EU Banks’ Systemic Risk?
Authors: Dell’Atti Stefano , Di Tommaso Caterina , Onorato Grazia , Pacelli Vincenzo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis chapter contributes to the growing debate on the NPLs issue by addressing the challenges leading to financial stability and promoting the NPLs resolution plans for EU banks. Our main hypothesis is a U-shaped relationship between the NPLs securitizations and the systemic risk. We find that the maximum amount of NPLs securitization performed by EU banks to minimize the contribution to systemic risk shifts about Global systemic important banks (G-SIB) designation and country risk. The bank’s contribution to systemic risk lies in the involvement of the bank in this instrument and not in its features. Our results contribute to the ongoing debate on the important issue of designing suitable systemic risk indicators that act as Early Warning Systems (EWS) for predicting incoming financial crises. Evaluating the bank's contribution to systemic risk is important to take into account the bank’s exposure to NPL securitization.
Precarity in Freelance Work and Self-Employment
Authors: Hancock Philip , Tyler Melissa 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis chapter discusses the literature on precarious work as a phenomenon that has intensified across the industrial Global North over the past five decades or so. It goes on to consider the contours of precarious work today, focusing on its consequences for the UK’s freelance and self-employed workforce. Finally, the chapter considers relevant sociological literature that points towards the need to understand more about the subjective impact and experience of precarious work, including its effects on an individual’s sense of identity and what might be termed their desire for recognition as situated within contemporary social relations.
Precarity and Work in the UK Cultural and Creative Sector
Authors: Hancock Philip , Tyler Melissa 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis chapter examines the meaning, nature, and experience of precarious work for freelance and self-employed workers in the UK’s cultural and creative sector in general and for those who work as live performers in particular. In doing so, the parameters of the research are refined, providing an introduction and backdrop to the empirical research that underpins and informs this book. The chapter opens with a consideration of relevant literature on the prevalence and impact of precarious working practices in the UK’s cultural and creative sector. The focus is then narrowed to consider the predominantly socioeconomic consequences of such precarity on the work of freelance and self-employed performers. Finally, the chapter explores the more subjective dynamics associated with precarious work in the live performance industries and the challenges they present for performers’ identities and the circumstances shaping how their desire for recognition is experienced and understood.
Live Entertainers and Extended Forms of Precarity
Authors: Hancock Philip , Tyler Melissa 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this chapter, a novel tripartite typology that distinguishes between different forms of precarity that afflict the kinds of work in the live entertainment industries discussed here is developed and explained. The first, socioeconomic precarity, is characterised by irregularity and uncertainty surrounding income and the availability of work, as well as unstable occupational and often personal circumstances. The second is affective precarity. This highlights how attempting to adhere to the aesthetic and atmospheric ideals that permeate performance work in the live entertainment industries produces its own sense or experience of insecurity. The final form, recognitive precarity, is a product of personal and interpersonal doubts and insecurities surrounding identity and esteem that many of the performers we studied spoke of. Finally, the chapter examines how these three forms of precarity are interrelated, considering how they can help to make sense of lived experiences of freelance and self-employed work in the cultural and creative sector and in precarious work and labour markets more widely.
Complex dark photon dark matter EFT
Authors: Bertuzzo Enrico , Sassi Tommaso , Tesi Andrea 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We construct an effective field theory for complex Stueckelberg dark photon dark matter. Such an effective construction can be realized by writing down a complete set of operators up to dimension six built with the complex dark photon and Standard Model fields. Classifying the effective operators, we find that in order to properly take into account the non-renormalizable nature of an interacting massive vector, the size of the Wilson coefficients should be naturally smaller than naively expected. This can be consistently taken into account by a proper power counting, that we suggest. First we apply this to collider bounds on light dark matter, then to direct detection searches by extending the list of non-relativistic operators to include the case of complex vectors. In the former we correctly find scaling limits for small masses, while in the latter we mostly focus on electric dipole interactions, that are the signatures of this type of dark matter. Simple UV completions that effectively realize the above scenarios are also outlined.
Holographic scattering and non-minimal RT surfaces
Authors: Caminiti Jacqueline , Friedman-Shaw Batia , May Alex , Myers Robert C. , Papadoulaki Olga 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In the AdS/CFT correspondence, the causal structure of the bulk AdS spacetime is tied to entanglement in the dual CFT. This relationship is captured by the connected wedge theorem [1], which states that a bulk scattering process implies the existence of O(1/GN) entanglement between associated boundary subregions. In this paper, we study the connected wedge theorem in two asymptotically AdS2+1 spacetimes: the conical defect and BTZ black hole geometries. In these settings, we find that bulk scattering processes require not just large entanglement, but also additional restrictions related to candidate RT surfaces which are non-minimal. We argue these extra relationships imply a certain CFT entanglement structure involving internal degrees of freedom. Because bulk scattering relies on sub-AdS scale physics, this supports the idea that sub-AdS scale locality emerges from internal degrees of freedom. While the new restriction that we identify on non-minimal surfaces is stronger than the initial statement of the connected wedge theorem, we find that it is necessary but still not sufficient to imply bulk scattering in mixed states.
Myrmecophily among mesostigmatid mites
Authors: Klompen H. , Campbell K. U. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAnt nests are biodiversity hot spots, concentrating resources from a wide area that can be exploited by other organisms, known as myrmecophiles. The mite order Mesostigmata includes a wide range of lineages that have become myrmecophiles with many species reliant on ant nests for at least part of their development. The nature of the associations is quite variable, including predators of smaller arthropods in the nest (close to the ancestral lifestyle of these mites), scavengers, kleptoparasites, parasites, and parasitoids. A few mite species show extreme modifications of morphological and/or developmental patterns, others show almost none. Some host specificity is common but one-on-one host specialization is rare or poorly tested. Phoresy on the ants is common, but the target ant caste varies with the goal of phoresy. In general, the diversity of mesostigmatid mites in the nest of a given ant species is affected by habitat conditions along with a range of life history characteristics of the ants, including factors such as body size, colony size, colony founding mode, social parasitism, and nest density. Unfortunately, the life history of the majority of mites associated with ants is still unknown.