bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical Prediction Of Deformations In Laser Welded Sheets Made Of X5CrNi18-10 Steel
Authors: Piekarska W. , Kubiak M. , Saternus Z. , Stano S. , Domański T. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe work concerns the numerical modelling of coupled thermal and mechanical phenomena occurring in the laser beam welding process. Commercial Abaqus FEA engineering software is adopted to numerical computations in order to perform a comprehensive analysis of thermo-mechanical phenomena. Created in Fortran programming language additional numerical subroutines are implemented into Abaqus solver, used to describe the power intensity distribution of the movable laser beam heat source. Temperature dependent thermomechanical properties of X5CrNi18-10 steel are adopted in the numerical analysis of stress and strain states. Mathematical and numerical models are verified on the basis of a comparison between selected results of computer simulations and experimental studies on butt-welded joints.Numerical simulations are presented for steel sheet with a thickness of 2 mm. Temperature distributions, the shape and size of melted zone as well as residual stress and deformations are presented for analyzed elements. Numerically determined deflections are compared with the measured deflection of welded joint.
Microstructure And Functional Properties Of Prosthetic Cobalt Alloys CoCrW
Authors: Nadolski M. , Golański G. , Klimas J. , Szota M. , Szymański J. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe material subject to investigation was two commercial alloys of cobalt CoCrW (No. 27 and 28) used in prosthodontics. The scope of research included performing an analysis of microstructure and functional properties (microhardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance), as well as dilatometric tests. The examined alloys were characterized by diverse properties, which was considerably influenced by the morphology of precipitates in these materials. Alloy No. 27 has a higher corrosion resistance, whereas alloy No. 28 shows higher microhardness, better wear resistance and higher coefficient of linear expansion. Lower value of the expansion coefficient indicates less probability of initiation of a crack in the facing ceramic material.
X-Ray Phase Analysis Of Nitrided Layers Of X2CrNiMo17-12-2 Austenitic Steel
Authors: Frączek T. , Olejnik M. , Pilarska M. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
This work presents the results of diffraction analyses carried out using X-ray phase analyses (XRD and GIXRD) of nitrided layers of X2CrNiMo17-12-2 austenitic steel. Plasma nitriding process was c arried out in the temperature range of 325 ÷ 400 °C and time of 2 ÷ 4 h. Hydrogen-nitrogen plasma was used as reactive atmosphere (H2 75% + N2 25%) with pressure of 150 Pa. On the basis of the X-ray analyses it was stated that the obtained nitrided layers consisted of a subsurface layer of chromium nitrides and a zone of nitrogen saturated austenite.
Transport Phenomena In Single Crystals Tl1−XIn1−XGeXSe2 (x=0.1, 0.2)
Authors: Zamurueva O.V. , Myronchuk G.L. , Oźga K. , Szota M. , El-Naggar A.M. , Albassam A.A. , Parasyuk O.V. , Piskach L.V. , Kityk I.V. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Temperature dependences of electroconductivity for single crystals Tl1−xIn1−xGexSe2 were analyzed. It was established an occurrence of thermoactivated states within the temperature range 100-300 K. The conductivity is formed by delocalized carriers within the conductivity band and the jumping conductivity over the localized states which are situated in the narrow localized states near the Fermi level. Following the performed data the activation energy was evaluated with accuracy up to 0.02 eV. The density of the localized states as well as the distribution of the energy over the mentioned states was evaluated. Additionally the average distance between the localized states is evaluated at different temperatures.
UV-Induced Anisotropy In CdBr2-CdBr2: Cu Nanostructures
Authors: El-Naggar A. M. , Albassam A. A. , Oźga K. , Szota M. , Kityk I.V. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
We have found an occurrence of anisotropy in the nanostructure CdBr2-CdBr2: Cu nanocrystalline films. The film thickness was varied from 4 nm up to 80 nm. The films were prepared by successive deposition of the novel layers onto the basic nanocrystals. The detection of anisotropy was performed by occurrence of anisotropy in the polarized light at 633 nm He-Ne laser wavelength. The occurrence of anisotropy was substantially dependent on the film thickness and the photoinduced power density. Possible mechanisms of the observed phenomena are discussed.
Development Of High-Resolution Mechanical Spectroscopy, HRMS: Status And Perspectives. HRMS Coupled With A Laser Dilatometer
Authors: Magalas L.B. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Recent achievements in the development of low-frequency high-resolution mechanical spectroscopy (HRMS) are briefly reported. It is demonstrated that extremely low values of the loss angle, ϕ, (tanϕb = 1×10−5) can be measured as a function of frequency, and the precision in estimation of the dynamic modulus is better than 1×10−5 in arbitrary units. Three conditions must be fulfilled to obtain high resolution in subresonant and resonant mechanical loss measurements: (1) noise in stress and elastic strain signals must be lower than 70 dB, (2) high quality of stress and strain signals must be tested both in the frequency- and time-domains, and (3) the estimation of the mechanical loss and modulus must be verified by at least two different computing methods operating in the frequency- and time-domains. It is concluded that phase measurements in the subresonant domain are no longer determined by precision in estimation of the loss angle. Recent developments in high-resolution resonant mechanical loss measurements stem from the application of advanced nonparametric and parametric computing methods and algorithms to estimate the logarithmic decrement and the elastic modulus from exponentially damped free decaying oscillations embedded in experimental noise.
It is emphasized that HRMS takes into account the presence of noise in the stress and strain signals, which has not yet been addressed in the literature. The coupling of a low-frequency mechanical spectrometer with an in-situ laser dilatometer is suggested as a new perspective research area in Materials Science.
Mechanical Spectroscopy Of Ordered Binary Au-Cu
Authors: Tkalcec I. , Mari D. , Schaller R. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
We have studied a binary Au-Cu single crystal by mechanical spectroscopy. Upon very slow cooling from high temperatures, additional relaxation peaks arise at lower frequencies in isothermal spectra after the disappearing of the Zener peak below 665 K due to ordering. A high transient peak is visible at 660 K and it progressively disappears on cooling until 625 K. Another high peak is clearly visible upon following heating until 660 K. Above that temperature it decreases in parallel with the increase of the Zener peak. If the ordered structure is obtained by slowly heating the sample that has been quenched from the disordered state, no low-frequency peak is visible in the isothermal spectra, only a much lower background, which further decreases in parallel with the reappearance of the Zener peak. The low frequency relaxations are possibly due to the movement of antiphase boundaries and twin interfaces in the ordered structures.
Internal Friction Of Phase Transformations Observed Around Room Temperature In Ga-In-Sn Eutectic Alloys
Authors: Jin Mingjiang , Li Qiang , Ying Renlong , Lu Xianwen , Jin Xuejun , Ding Xifan 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The phase transformation phenomena in eutectic Ga-In-Sn alloys around room temperature are studied by thermal analysis, internal friction, and in-situ XRD methods. The results show that in addition to the solidification transformation, a novel the so-called ‘pre-solidification’ phase transition, demonstrating first-order feature, is observed prior to the crystallization during cooling. The internal friction increases when the ‘pre-solidification’ effect occurs. The shear modulus increases until crystallization. An internal friction peak is attributed to the melting process observed during heating. The mechanism of the ‘pre-solidification’ transformation in Ga-In-Sn eutectic alloy is discussed.
Finite Element Analysis Of Large Deformation Of Articular Cartilage In Upper Ankle Joint Of Occupant In Military Vehicles During Explosion
Authors: Klekiel T. , Będziński R. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe paper presents the analysis of the load of lower limbs of occupants in the armoured military vehicle, which has been destroyed by detonation of the Improvised Explosive Device (IED) charge under the vehicle. A simplified model of the human lower limb focused on upper ankle joint was developed in order to determine the reaction forces in joints and load in particular segments during the blast load. The model of upper ankle joint, include a tibia and an ankle bone with corresponding articular cartilage, has been developed. An analysis of the stress distribution under the influence of forces applied at different angles to the biomechanical axis of a limb has been performed. We analyzed the case of the lower limb of a sitting man leaning his feet on the floor. It has been shown that during a foot pronation induced by a knee outward deviation, the axial load on the foot causes significantly greater tension in the tibia. At the same time it has been shown that within the medial malleolus, tensile stresses occur on the surface of the bone which may lead to fracture of the medial malleolus. It is a common case of injuries caused by loads on foot of passengers in armored vehicles during a mine or IED load under the vehicle. It was shown that the outward deviation of the knee increases the risk of the foot injury within the ankle joint.
Dry And Ringer Solution Lubricated Tribology Of Thin Osseoconductive Metal Oxides And Diamond-Like Carbon Films
Authors: Waldhauser W. , Lackner J. M. , Kot M. , Major B. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAchieving fast and strong adhesion to jawbone is essential for dental implants. Thin deposited films may improve osseointegration, but they are prone to cohesive and adhesive fracture due to high stresses while screwing the implant into the bone, leading to bared, less osteoconductive substrate surfaces and nano- and micro-particles in the bone. Aim of this work is the investigation of the cohesion and adhesion failure stresses of osteoconductive tantalum, titanium, silicon, zirconium and aluminium oxide and diamond-like carbon films. The tribological behaviour under dry and lubricated conditions (Ringer solution) reveals best results for diamond-like carbon, while cohesion and adhesion of zirconium oxide films is highest.
Roughness Influence On Macro- And Micro-Tribology Of Multi-Layered Hard Coatings On Carbon Fibre Polymer Composite
Authors: Lackner J.M. , Major B. , Waldhauser W. , Mzyk A. , Major Ł. , Kot M. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Goal of this work is the investigation of roughness influences on the abrasive wear behaviour of magnetron sputtered multi-layered, low-friction coatings on carbon-fibre reinforced polymers (CFRP). Higher coating roughness at similar CFRP quality was realized by higher deposition rates, leading to increased heat flux to the substrates during deposition. Thermal expansion of the epoxy matrix on the micro scale results in a wavy, wrinkled surface topography. Both in scratch and reciprocal sliding testing against alumina, the friction coefficients are lower for the smooth coatings, but their wear rate is higher due to low-cycle fatigue caused abrasion.
The Importance Of Surface Topography For The Biological Properties Of Nitrided Diffusion Layers Produced On Ti6Al4V Titanium Alloy
Authors: Wierzchoń T. , Czarnowska E. , Morgiel J. , Sowińska A. , Tarnowski M. , Roguska A. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Diffusion nitrided layers produced on titanium and its alloys are widely studied in terms of their application for cardiac and bone implants. The influence of the structure, the phase composition, topography and surface morphology on their biological properties is being investigated. The article presents the results of a study of the topography (nanotopography) of the surface of TiN+Ti2N+αTi(N) nitrided layers produced in low-temperature plasma on Ti6Al4V titanium alloy and their influence on the adhesion of blood platelets and their aggregates. The TEM microstructure of the produced layers have been examined and it was demonstrated that the interaction between platelets and the surface of the titanium implants subjected to glow-discharge nitriding can be shaped via modification of the roughness parameters of the external layer of the TiN titanium nitride nanocrystalline zone.
The Innovative Directions In Development And Implementations Of Hybrid Technologies In Surface Engineering
Authors: Mazurkiewicz A. , Smolik J. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe dynamics of the development of modern technology depends, to a great extent, on the possibilities of producing the innovative materials with high functionality parameters, which could be used in modern, highly advanced technological processes. Surface engineering plays a very important role in this area. This is mainly due to the fact that, for many structural materials, the possibilities of classical formation of their properties (e.g., by heat treatment or the selection of the microstructure, chemical and phase composition) have been practically used up. The material and technological achievements in the surface engineering area allow the modification of the properties of the surface layer of tool and machine components. As a result, they may be better suited to work in increasingly difficult and more demanding conditions. The hybrid technologies, combining several different methods of surface treatment in one complex technological process, are the most advanced solutions compared to already known surface engineering methods. In the article, the authors present the possibilities of shaping the functional properties of the surface layer. The authors describe problems associated with the development of the hybrid technology and provide the examples of physical modelling, design, technological development, and the practical application of a hybrid technology. In this work, the authors also identify the areas whose development is needed for more effective transfer of surface engineering innovations to business applications.
Deformation Microstructure And Texture Transformations In FCC Metals Of Medium-To-High Stacking Fault Energy: Critical Role Of Micro- And Macro-Scale Shear Bands
Authors: Paul H. , Miszczyk M. M. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Microstructure and texture development in medium-to-high stacking fault energy face centred cubic metals were investigated in order to examine the role of lattice re-orientation on slip propagation across grain boundaries and to characterize the influence of micro- and macro-scale copper-type shear bands on textural changes at large deformations. Polycrystalline pure copper (fine - and coarse - grained) and fine-grained AA1050 alloy were deformed in plane strain compression at room temperature to form two sets of well-defined macroscopic shear bands. The deformation-induced sub-structures and local changes in crystallographic orientations were investigated mostly by scanning electron microscopy equipped with high resolution electron backscattered facility. In all the deformed grains within macro- shear bands a strong tendency to strain-induced re-orientation was observed. The flat, strongly deformed grains exhibited a deflection within narrow areas. The latter increased the layers’ inclination with respect to ED and led to kink-type bands, which are the precursors of MSBs. The mechanism of macro- / micro-shear bands formation is strictly crystallographic since in all the areas of the sheared zone, the crystal lattice rotated such that one of the {111} slip planes became nearly parallel to the shear plane and the <011> direction became parallel to the direction of maximum shear. This strain-induced crystal lattice rotation led to the formation of specific macro- / micro-shear bands components that facilitated slip propagation across the grain boundaries without any visible variation in the slip direction.
Utility Of Stress-Texture Characteristics Of Structural Materials By X-Ray Technique
Authors: Bonarski J.T. , Kania B. , Bolanowski K. , Karolczuk A. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The article presents the results of residual stress analysis in selected metal-metal joints manufactured by conventional welding and explosive merging. The X-ray diffraction technique applied for advanced stress-texture measurements and data processing revealed directions and values of the principal stresses and their configuration on the surface of the examined structural elements. The obtained stress topography of the joint intersections indicates a possible path of potential cracking formed during the exploitation process and thus it becomes a very useful tool in the diagnostics of structural elements.
Non-Modulated Martensite Microstructure With Internal Nanotwins In Ni-Mn-Ga Alloys
Authors: Szczerba M.J. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The self-accommodated non-modulated martensite of Ni-Mn-Ga single crystal was studied by transmission and scanning electron microscopy in the latter case using the electron backscatter diffraction technique. Three kinds of interfaces existing at different length scales were reported. The first, is the wavy and incoherent interface separating martensite variants observed on the micro-level with no-common crystallographic plane between them. The second is within a single martensite plate where the lattice rotates around one of the {110} pole to accommodate the interfacial curvature between martensite plates. Finally, at the nanoscale the third interface exists, a twin boundary separating internal nanotwins with the {112} type habit plane.
Gold Nanoparticles Like A Matrix For Covalent Immobilization Of Cholesterol Oxidase – Application For Biosensing
Authors: Wojnarowska R. , Polit J. , Broda D. , Gonchar M. , Sheregii E. M. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Gold nanoparticles are emerging as promising agents for various areas of material science as well as nanotechnology, electronics and medicine. The interest in this material is provided due to its unique optical, electronic and molecular-recognition properties. This paper presents results of preparation, characterization and biofunctionalization of gold nanoparticles. Nanoparticles have been conjugated with the cholesterol oxidase enzyme in order to prepare the active element for biosensors. Cholesterol oxidase is one of the most important analytical enzyme, used for cholesterol assay in clinical diagnostics, and there is still a necessity in improvement of existing analytical techniques, including bio-nanotechnological approaches based on modern nanosystems. The prepared bio-nanosystem was characterized by the enzyme activity test. Obtained results showed a stable binding of the enzyme with nanoparticles and preserved the bioactivity approves which gives possibility to use the prepared bio-nanosystems for analytical purposes.
The Surface Plazmon Resonance and the Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering as specific for nanocurriers effects were observed what enable us to research the oscillation spectra of enzyme. These spectra were compared with ones obtained by IR-spectroscopy. The vibrational lines are attributed to chemical functional groups existing in enzyme, for example, amino acids, amide groups as well as flavin – adenine dinucleotide cholesterol oxidase prosthetic group. By this way the identified spectral lines can be used as a distinguishing mark of enzyme.
Flux Effect Onto Peritectic Phases Growth In The Zinc Coating
Authors: Kopyciński D. , Guzik E. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
A model of the (Zn) – coating formation on the iron/steel substrate is proposed. The model assumes the phases’ sub-layers creation in a sequence. This sequence is referred to the Fe-Zn phase diagram. However, this sequence of phases’ appearance is perturbed by the flux presence in the zinc bath. The flux effect on the coating morphology and appearance/disappearing of some sub-layers is analysed. The phases’ formation is treated as the result of the peritectic reaction accompanying the coating solidification. A comparison of the coating formations before and after flux decay is delivered. Thus, a function which describes the flux decay is also analysed. Additionally, a ternary Fe-Zn-F(flux) phase diagram is considered. The varying zinc concentration across the phases sub-layers is described with the use of the function which determines the flux decay. The behaviour of the solidification path before and after flux decay is discussed due to the adequate equations formulated in frame of the current model.
The Brittleness Of Zn-Cu-Ti Sheet Alloys
Authors: Boczkal G. , Mikułowski B. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
At temperatures below 5°C, the ductility of ZnCuTi alloy sheets is observed to suffer a drastic drop in direction transverse to the rolling direction. Studies have shown that the critical temperature at which this phenomenon occurs is strongly dependent on the alloy structure and parameters of the sheet metal production process. Quite important is also the role of micro-inhomogeneity arising in the chemical composition of the alloy matrix, directly related with the structure of intermetallic precipitates containing Cu and Ti.
Fractographic Analysis Of Selected Boron Steels Subjected To Impact Testing
Authors: Dudziński W. , Konat Ł. , Białobrzeska B. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
In this paper dynamic properties of low-alloy boron steels – Hardox 500, B27 and HTK 900H in delivered state (after hardening and tempering) are considered. Charpy V-notch (CVN) test results in connection with fractography in the ductile-to-brittle transition temperature region were analyzed. Obtained from CVN test the impact transition curve, not always predicts properly a behavior of materials in conditions of dynamic loading. So an analyze of character of fracture helps to evaluate the real behavior of materials. Tested samples were cut out longitudinally in relation to cold work direction. The results of CVN test for selected steels, in temperatures: −40°C, −20°C, 0°C and +20°C are presented. Regarding ductile-to-brittle transition temperature, there is a significant difference taking into account values of Charpy V energy absorbed and a character of fracture.
Experimental Investigation Of Modified Heat Treatment Of AK64-Type Al-Si-Cu Sand Cast Alloy
Authors: Cupido L.H. , Żak P.L. , Mahomed N. , Lelito J. , Piwowarski G. , Krajewski P.K. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
An experimental investigation was conducted to observe and analyze the microstructural evolution of phases present in the AK64 Al-Si-Cu alloy subjected to a modified T6 heat treatment (HT). The AK64 alloy1 is the Polish alternative of the A319.0 ASM standard aluminium alloy. The modified T6 HT schedule with a higher temperature and shorter duration was applied in the solutioning process and lower quenching and higher artificial ageing temperature than the prescribed by the ASM standard were used. The cooling curves registered during the liberating of overheating and solidifying processes give important information on nucleation temperatures for the Al dendrite network, Al-Si eutectic reaction and precipitation of Cu-rich phases. Comparison of the as-cast and heat treated microstructures revealed predicted microstructural changes and also partial fragmentation of the Fe-rich phases was observed after the application of the modified HT programme.