bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Законодавчі колізії правового регулювання адміністративного примусу в діяльності Національного банку України та шляхи їх усунення
Authors: Pyvovar Yuriy , Pashynskyi Mykola 
Published: November 2016

Мета: Виявлення законодавчих протиріч та прогалин щодо застосування Національним банком України санкцій до банків, а також розроблення обґрунтованих пропозицій, спрямованих на усунення відповідних правових недоліків. Результати: Співставлення мети регулювання банківського, що покладається на НБУ, та мети регулювання в інших сферах економіки держави дає підстави стверджувати про наділення державою НБУ «надфункцією», здійснення якої більш правильно відносити до компетенції Верховної Ради України як єдиного державного законодавчого органу, уповноваженого на формування національної системи норм права, у тому числі в різних сферах суспільного життя країни (включаючи банківську). Виходячи з загальноправової доктрини, уважаємо, що викладене в Законі України «Про Національний Банк України» положення щодо визначення основної мети банківського регулювання потребує уточнення, зокрема шляхом заміни самого терміну «банківське регулювання» категорією «банківське правове регулювання». При цьому метою останнього необхідно визначати – упорядкування суспільних відносин в банківській сфері. Убачається доцільним закріпити сам термін «банківське правове регулювання» та його трактування передусім в базовому галузевому законодавчому акті – Законі України «Про банки та банківську діяльність». У роботі акцентується, що найбільш дискусійним напрямом банківського регулювання є «відповідальність за порушення банківського законодавства». В результаті аналізу чинного законодавства констатується, що нині в одній особі (НБУ) збігаються повноваження трьох організаційно різних рівнів: по-перше, щодо прийняття рішення про ліквідацію банку; по-друге, щодо виконання цього рішення (зокрема, шляхом внесення запису про ліквідацію банку до Єдиного державного реєстру юридичних осіб та фізичних осіб – підприємців); по-третє, щодо здійснення контролю та нагляду за процесом виконання рішення про ліквідацію банку. Крім того робиться висновок, що правовому статусу Національного банку України в банківській сфері (відносно діяльності банків) характерні риси, сукупність яких визначають цей орган влади одночасно як 1) регулятора; 2) контрольно-наглядовий орган; 3) орган з судовими повноваженнями. Обговорення: Порівняльно-правове дослідження дозволило дійти висновку, що правова модель, яка сформована в законодавчих актах та які становлять правову основу банківської сфери, та зокрема застосування до банків ліквідаційних санкцій, не відповідає положенням Конституції України. Вирішення виявленої правової колізії пропонується здійснити двома основними способами.
Tingkat penerimaan penggunaan jamu sebagai alternatif penggunaan obat modern pada masyarakat ekonomi rendah-menengah dan atas
Authors: Andriati Andriati , Wahjudi R M Teguh 
Published: November 2016

Herbs have become an important cultural heritage from Indonesia, as the consumption of herbs increased into 50%. This research is particularly important to analyze health quality of society through herbs as alternative of modern medicine to lower, middle, upper-social class group. The research problem addressed is how is the acceptance level of herb as alternative of modern medicine to middle, lower and upper class society in East Java. After finding the acceptance level of lower, middle, and upper class group toward herb usage, further analysis was focused on herbs management model in order to enhance society's health quality. Analysis unit in this research are society and bureaucracy. Informant was chosen by purposive sampling method (for keyinformants) and snowball method for complementary informant. Data was analyzed using qualitative technique. The research shows that the use of herbs as alternative of modern medicine in lower-middle class group was relatively high (58 %). The local government have a strategic role in managing herbs through policy innovation for health service in the local community. There is also an urgency to conduct a guidance, research, tax reduction, a more sophisticated method of herbal plant cultivation, herbs standardization, and strict supervision for herbs usage.
Fungsi-fungsi nilai budaya lokal pada organisasi publik
Authors: Torang Syamsir 
Published: November 2016

Public organization is the government instrument which has role system, flow activities, and pattern of team work relation; it involves civil servants to serve the public. The objective of this study is to analysis the functions of local culture in the Centre General Hospital of Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makassar as public organization. This study is a qualitative research which applies as a case study approach. The data sources are primer and secondary data. The primer data was collected through observation of social situation (place, actor, and activity) and structured interview of the informants. The secondary data was collected through documentations. The technique of data analysis was performed through data collection, data reduction, data display and conclusion. The indicators of the study are functions (social identity, social cohesion, sense-making and control mechanism, motivation source, and inspiration source) of the local culture value (sipakatau). Sipakatau is the Bugenese language that means to appreciate and respect each other. This value has been espoused by Bugenese and Makassarise in applying their activities. The result of the study indicates that local culture value (sipakatau) has been functioned as social identity, social cohesion, sense-making and control mechanism, motivation source, and inspiration source by the Centre General Hospital of Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makassar.
An Unconventional Fixed Cutter Cutting Structure Layout to Drill Through Hard, Abrasive Conglomerates in Deep Wells—A Case Study
Authors: Galarraga Carlos , Fierro Juan Carlos , Al Riyami Ibrahim , Al Azizi Issa , Al Salehi Yasir 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Access to new reservoirs requires drilling at increasingly greater depths through more challenging environments with limited resources. Hard Rock bit cutting structure layout has been developed to extend bit life, drilling through hard, abrasive, and thick conglomerate and sandstone intervals while achieving significant rate of penetration (ROP) improvement. A case study is presented to demonstrate the liability and consistency of this new technology.
In Oman, one of the most challenging formations is Amin. It's composed of hard conglomerates, abrasive sandstone, and layers of medium hard shale. The formation thickness is typically 1500 m.
Roller cone bits have been used to drill it for years with low performance and high operational risks. Eight to eleven bits were usually required to drill the section at poor ROP.
Polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) bits were also tested previously with limited improvement at poor footage and ROP.
An unconventional bit cutting structure layout referred to as multilevel force balancing was used to develop fit-for-purpose designs combined to a new generation of cutters.
A comprehensive engineering analysis of bit performance in the area was carried out, including formation strength, bit design details, drive system, and an understanding of drilling parameters. Additionally, the introduction of new materials led to bit design adjustments based on hard rock drilling concepts. The combination of cutter technology and multilevel cutting structure layout was used to create a fixed cutter bit, setting records for drilling hard and abrasive lithology in Oman, delivering more intervals drilled with higher ROPs than the roller cone bits used previously. The bit consumption was reduced to an average of three bits, achieving 75% improvement in terms of footage drilled, and 100% ROP improvement.
This new generation of fixed cutter bits has now become the standard for drilling in high interbedded formation as well as hard and abrasive rock formations in Oman.
This paper discusses hard and heterogeneous rock drilling challenges and how the hard rock bit technology could help address the lacking conventional drill bit performance. The specialized implementation process and analysis of the technologies are highlighted. Detailed offset data and rock strength analysis are included to support the results achieved.
The Quest for The Ultrareliable ESP
Authors: Lastra Rafael 
Published: November 2016

AbstractESP failures have important economic implications for O&G operators, including: nonproductive time, production deferral, production losses, and high cost of ESP replacements, especially for offshore or remote wells.Improving Electric Submersible Pump (ESP) system reliability, eliminating or reducing failures, comprise the most frequent requests from O&G operators. But, how much reliability is enough? What is the cost of increasing reliability? What are the strategies to achieve it? ESP operators and vendors struggle when questions like these arise.This paper explores the subject of ESP reliability in depth. It reviews key concepts of ESP maintainability and run life. It addresses the questions of how reliability of ESPs is measured, what the current levels of ESP reliability are and how much reliability is actually needed. It proposes a methodology to estimate potential savings as a result of reliability improvement and a method to calculate the optimum level of investment in ESP reliability.
High-Reliability ESP Application in the North Sea
Authors: Camacho A.. , Pastre L. F. , Boyce S.. , Macdonald J.. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Increased production uptime, extending electric submersible pump (ESP) run life, and decreasing workover costs are critical for well profitability. ESP applications in the North Sea face the challenge of remote access where workover costs are high and rig availability is limited, coupled with sand production and relatively high bottomhole temperatures. Several developments have been made to ESP manufacture that overcome these obstacles, and field examples have shown the benefits from this new type of high-tier ESP.
To achieve a high-reliability system, all aspects of the ESP lifecycle were studied and updated. Run-life metrics from ESPs run in the North Sea were reviewed, which included a failure mode analysis from dismantle inspections of pulled ESPs. Based on this research, both critical and noncritical components identified as affecting ESP run life were upgraded from the best features and premium technologies available. Selected technologies currently used on steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD), high-horsepower subsea, abrasive, and unconventional applications were integrated into a single qualified system. The resulting ESP system was built and tested inside a new purposely built, state-of-the-art facility dedicated to premium ESP equipment of this type. New processes and controls ensure zero-defect manufacturing and increased quality when compared to the standard mass-produced ESPs of the industry. Each ESP was tested as a string for 72 hr before shipping. Enhanced transportation in the form of special shipping boxes was also implemented.
Eight complete systems were delivered to the North Sea in 2015, six of which are already installed. Improved procedures including aviation-style checklists and special tools were developed specifically for the installation of the units. The systems deployed in the North Sea are operating without failures with a cumulative run life more than 2,170 days. Special surveillance and dedicated procedures in monitoring the system aim to extend systems' run life to more than 4 years.
The increase in quality applied during design, manufacturing, transportation, and deployment of the systems had never been seen in the ESP market before. The systems deployed in the North Sea represent the first step of the next generation of ESPs, which will enable a departure from the traditional commodity applications and deliver high-reliability systems.
Field Performance and Technology Update of All Metal Progressing Cavity Pumps Deployed in Thermal Processes
Authors: Guise Geoffroy , Crotte Gregoire , Lehman Matthieu , Limoges Bastien , Robert Benjamin 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
This paper provides a unique overview of All Metal PCP achievements in several thermal applications (Steam Flood, CSS, SAG) and non-thermal applications. It presents technology updates over 8 years of successful regular implementation worldwide after more than 600 pumps deployed worldwide.
High temperature PCP package includes a patented All Metal Progressing Cavity Pump (AMPCP) installed downhole made with a metallic stator; and at surface a high temperature drivehead coming with a high temperature no-leak seal and a high temperature blow out preventer.
Thanks to the follow up of the technology and whenever possible, the paper will depict some interesting track records and benefits in the following conditions:–Cyclic Steam Stimulation, Cyclic stimulation with Sand–Steam Flood–Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage–Cold Heavy Oil Production with high GOR wells and aggressive oil
When tracking is available and by using a dedicated PCP software Field Track, experience has shown that the records of all operational data with regular updates bring significant added value to support the performance improvements. Furthermore, In addition to the tracking, specific failure analysis, when completed (using boroscope, pump test, destructive analysis), bring key information in order to better understand root causes of failures and modify or upgrade the technology and practices to push the limits of the AMPCP system.
The full chain of value is vertically integrated, from concept to design, manufacturing, service, optimization and return of experience to innovation.
Some key statistics have been analysed for this paper, through the wide population installed also the recorded maximum (Setting depth, hole hangle, max runlife, H2S, CO2, sand, T°, MTBF), and are presented here.
Improvements made along the years in terms of innovation, manufacturing, design, completion, operating & monitoring and failure analysis have step by step helped to reach excellent performances in term of efficiency (close to standard PCP), lifetime (up to 4,5 years), high temperature (350°C), H2S, CO2, aromatics, light oil and gas handling. Some challenges remain to be overcome such as: Rod String capability to handle high torque when downhole viscosity increases, ability to handle higher sand content, challenges to design low flow rate and high head (below 150bpd and above 135 bar).
All-Metal PCP is combining advantages of conventional PCP together with an elimination of rubber limitations due to operations above 150°C and the possibility to steam through the stator avoiding heavy workover on a live thermal well. It opens new doors to the development of hard to reach fields of heavy oil with steam activation. All Metal PCP technology is becoming more mature and thus opens the door to larger scale thermal projects.
Mobility Management Platform Improves Management Level of Artificial Lift Systems
Authors: Shi Junfeng , Zhang Xishun , Gu Liming , Sun Dakui , Zhao Chun , Su Lei , Liang Jing 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
With the development of automatic production data collection and intelligent phone performance, mobile phone production management platform could be used to improve the management of artificial lift system substantially. In this paper, the development and application of mobile phone platform have been introduced, for the platform, internet of things and wireless transmission technology are applied to achieve instantaneous interaction between mobile phone and server, cloud computing technology is applied to develop distributed calculation module, solving the problems of multi-user complex calculation and batch processing. Based on the platform, four functional modules have been developed: first, mobile data collection module. Login operations, field figures, images and videos, and return timely, and perform real-time monitoring, and production command; Second, data view module, check and count the tendency of artificial lift equipment, operation parameters and test data; Third, data analysis module, analyze artificial lift system backstage of wells and blocks regularly; Fourth, plan design module, realize plan design of field parameter, balance and hot washing. The platform have been applied over 3000 well times in 4 field companies of CNPC, improving the management of artificial lift system, increasing the precision of parameter/balance by more than 10%, raising work efficiency by over 5 times, reducing labor power by more than two-thirds. The application prospect will be very extensive.
Real-Time Production Optimization of a Production Network with ESP-Boosted Wells: A Case Study
Authors: Hoffmann A.. , Stanko M. E. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Managing and optimizing the production of large oilfield with hundreds of ESP (Electric Submersible Pump)-boosted wells arranged in a large production network can be a very challenging task. On a daily/weekly basis, production engineers have to make decisions regarding (1) the update of individual ESP frequencies and (2) shut-in of high water producing wells. In general, it is not possible to do this manually just relying on intuition or in semi-analytical or empirical procedures. This is because in networks there is flow interdependence between wells and because several operational constraints have to be taken into account. This paper proposes to employ Real Time Production Optimization (RTPO) on a numerical model of the production system as a decision support tool to find values of ESP frequencies that maximize oil production while honoring multiple operational constraints.
The optimization problem is formulated such as the flow equilibrium in the production network and the optimization problem are solved simultaneously with a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) formulation. The well and flowline flow performance curves (pressure drop, ESP frequency, water cut, etc.) that are strongly non-linear are approximated with piecewise linear functions. These functions are generated from a model made in a commercial black box simulator. The optimization workflow has been partly automated using commercial tools and guidelines are provided to implement a full automation.
The formulation is applied to a scaled-down case, including 15 wells producing into a common surface network. The RTPO tool is used to compute the optimal operating conditions in a base case with multiple operational constraints: minimum ESP suction pressure, maximum well liquid rate, limited power capacity, limited water handling capacity and ESP flow range. To evaluate the flexibility of the optimization scheme, changes are introduced in the production system: (1) increasing water cut in a well, (2) reduced water handling capacity, (3) reduced power capacity and (4) offline wells.
The proposed optimization solution is faster than a non-linear optimization scheme, guaranties convergence towards the global maximum and it represents with an appropriate level of accuracy the original black-box model. Additionally, it is suitable for providing solutions in the timeframe of weekly/daily field operations, therefore, it is a good candidate to provide real-time decision support.
Application of the Multiphase Flow Simulator to Evaluate Power Allocation Management for ESPs
Authors: Ali M.. , Cisneros L. C. , Figueroa R. A. , Tonkin T. Graham , Hasanov E.. , Magri J.. , Pepple B.. , Bravo M. E. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
One of the most critical aspects related to the economics of production from a field is the maximization of oil production. For wells that have high CAPEX and OPEX costs associated with them, such as those containing electrical submersible pumps (ESPs), optimization becomes even more important. The objective of this paper is to describe the simulation workflow used to potentially maximize the total oil production for a field by optimizing the distribution of the available power to the ESP wells.
In the study, the development workflow is based on real cases over a field consisting of 28 producers with different characteristics. However, to implement the study correctly, it was necessary to theoretically reconstruct the area with the aim of highlighting the optimizer. Given that the perforation depth, pressure depletion, and relatively low API gravity, the majority of these wells cannot flow naturally. Because of this, ESPs were installed in 34 of the wells. The daily production rate from the field is currently just above 22,000 B/D. To simulate them, both ESP design software and a steady-state multiphase flow simulator were used.
The ESP design software was used to determine the surface power requirements and to generate the pump performance curves for each ESP. The steady-state multiphase flow simulator was used to build both a well simulation model and create a network design on a field-level basis. After the well designs had been uploaded into the network model, the well production optimizer in the flow simulator was run.
The objective function for the optimization was the maximization of the oil field production, while the control variables were the operating frequency of each ESP, which implies the power distribution between the ESPs. Constraints on the total power available for distribution to all EPS's in the field, the total allowable gas production, and the total allowable water production were also taken into account. The optimizer also had an option to shut-in wells to improve the objective function further while honoring the constraints. Five scenarios are discussed in the present paper, showing that an incremental oil production of up to 27.9% could be obtained depending upon the operational constraints.
Novel Electric Submersible Pump Cable Operates in High H2S Production Environment
Authors: Roth B. A. , Xiao J. X. , Paquette M.. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Electric Submersible Pumps (ESP's) are a widely used artificial lift technology. Conventional ESP systems provide power with a cable banded to the outside of the tubing. These systems have drawbacks in terms of installation speed and efficiency. To overcome these obstacles, a novel cable-deployed ESP system developed for use in a high H2S production environment is a future solution. This paper focuses on the material selection process and validation of the nontraditional National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE) selected materials.
An evaluation process was developed and used early on to narrow down several potential alternatives. A metal-jacketed power cable was selected as the most viable solution since it provided the best protection to H2S attack and provided a smooth outside diameter that could be gripped on and sealed. The cable is required to withstand H2S levels up to 15% and chloride levels in excess of 150,000 ppm for a minimum of 5 years. A major challenge was developing a method to construct the system that supported the weight of the cable inside the metal jacket. The cable was qualified through extensive physical and chemical testing.
Interlocking of the metal jacket (tubing) with the inner core (cable) was qualified through extensive mechanical testing of the power cable. Testing included pull resistance, bend, thermal growth, and mechanical splice connections. Electric testing included insulation resistance. Chemical compatibility testing was performed on a number of metallurgies using a modified NACE H2S Sulfide Stress Cracking test based upon ANSI/NACE Standard TM0177. H2S test coupons of the various metallurgies were welded and formed, for testing of the tubing. The test coupons were bent to stress levels in excess of the final design stresses.
The high chloride levels caused several metallurgies to fail even at low H2S levels. A single metallurgy successfully passed all the physical, electrical, and chemical testing and will be used for field trials of the technology.
A rigorous evaluation and test program resulted in development of a novel high-H2S-rated cable-deployed ESP (CD ESP) system that can improve the speed, efficiency, and ease of ESP deployment.