bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improvement of Road Safety Within the Oil and Gas Industry and its Effect on the Community - Case Study
Authors: Khallaf Ramy I. , Yasseen Abdelsalam Y. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
For years, road transportation has been identified as one of the most dangerous activities performed by employee working in any industry, including the oil and gas. Established methodologies and technologies are used to plan journeys and monitor driving activities, thereby providing accurate data for additional controls. These techniques are being used not only within organizations, but within the communities in which the activities occur. This study demonstrates that a dedicated effort to manage the risk associated with road transportation, even in high driving risk area such as Egypt, is an effective means of mitigating incidents.
A fleet of around 100 vehicles, of varying types, within one country (Egypt) were used to identify trends and successful efforts in the use and deployment of these methodologies and technologies. The multi-year study was inclusive of dedicated drivers, occasional drives and heavy vehicle drivers within the organization to get more diverse sampling of driving behaviors and incident types.
In-Vehicle Monitoring System (IVMS) data were used to interpret and summarize driving behavioral patterns. Further correlation of the number of near misses or road-related incidents were used to determine the level of improvement achieved over time via the use of mix established methodologies and technologies.
Egypt was selected because according to the World Health Organization, there are around 12,000 fatalities due to road traffic crashes every year, and there is low enforcement of basic traffic laws. Little-to-no control of excessive over-speeding or seatbelt usage, no strict enforcement of the issuance of local driving license, poor lane and traffic signal discipline, and poor road designs and conditions, all contribute to the increased risk for vehicle incidents and the severity of injuries resulting from those incidents. These realities made Egypt an ideal case to evaluate the effectiveness of a systematic approach to implement and use transportation safety methodologies and technologies.
Competency Management Guidance for Geophysical Industry Personnel with HSE Responsibilities
Authors: Threadgold Ian M. , Hallows Stephen G. , Ingram Randy P. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The paper describes a recently revised guidance document for the geophysical sector of the oil and gas industry on the subject of competency management for personnel with HSE responsibilities. "HSE" is a historical acronym that is now used in the document to represent the broader set of disciplines that include occupational health, safety, environment, security and social responsibility.
The revised IOGP document aims to provide guidance for companies in the geophysical sector of the oil and gas industry on developing and implementing a competency management system (CMS) and modules covering HSE aspects of geophysical activities. The modules can be used to develop training courses and to assess competency levels, with the goal of developing consistent training and improved competencies across the industry. Consistency across the industry has also been the goal of all previous versions of this document. The paper describes the significant changes made in the revision and why they are important.
Managing Blowout Risk Using a Dynamic Barrier Approach
Authors: Ahluwalia Amar , Ruochen Liu 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The oil and gas industry is moving into some of the most challenging and hostile exploration environments on the planet ranging from the Arctic to Ultra-Deepwater. Hydrocarbon resources are becoming more difficult to extract physically, economically and, in some cases, politically. While there is enormous pressure to tackle these challenges, we must not lose sight of operational, environmental and safety risks and how to best manage them. One such risk that can lead to catastrophic consequences is well blowouts as illustrated by "Macondo" and "Montara" incidents. Such incidents imply lack of risk management to blowouts and well barriers in current approaches. This is, in part, due to the complex physical mechanism of blowouts, complexity of the decisions needed to respond to well control incidents, unique configurations of each well, geological and operational uncertainties, and barrier effectiveness over time.
A new practical method of dynamically managing barriers that can reduce blowout risk during the operational phase is described in this paper. This method is based on a dynamic blowout simulation tool that is applicable for onshore/offshore oil and gas well blowouts. This tool integrates fluid dynamics and heat transfer modeling in wellbore and reservoir pressure changes due to depletion during blowout. It provides a dynamic estimation of site specific blowout rates, and then incorporates with other uncertainties to demonstrate the total risk picture using a barrier based approach.
To demonstrate this method, a sample case study is presented. First step is to establish the initial risk picture. The case of drilling an exploration well is modeled and risk picture established without incorporating any well barriers. Second step is to frequently update this risk picture to current activity. As the drilling activity progresses, well barriers are introduced into the wellbore. Inclusion of any such well barriers minimizes the flow paths for a blowout to surface reducing such risk; conversely effectiveness of these well barriers is assessed by demonstrating how the risk is reduced when effective barriers are put in place. This risk picture is hence updated each time a barrier is added or removed and hence is dynamic. Finally, the cost-benefit relationship of each barrier is ranked according to their performance in reducing risk versus their associated costs. This provides opportunities to assess the effectiveness of well barriers during the well lifecycle phases.
The method described in this paper enables faster decision-making, improved visibility of risk management in operations, enhanced organizational communication, better testing of barrier solutions and enables a step change in site safety. Utilizing dynamic barrier analysis reduces risk uncertainty in more challenging drilling sites by enabling the operator to assess the current risk status rather than rely on out of date information.
The Journey from Epidemiology to Health Analytics
Authors: Sexton K. R. , Hess J. K. , Bhojani F. A. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Shell Health has had an Epidemiology team for over thirty years that, historically, has focused on traditional occupational epidemiology in the United States. Shell Health epidemiologists have published more than fifty papers using the Shell Health Surveillance System (HSS), a database comprised of demographic, work history, and absence data for U.S.-based employees. In the 2000s, epidemiologists began to distribute health reports highlighting health risk factors and absenteeism rates and to design wellness interventions in U.S. operating sites. The current team of epidemiologists has skill sets that are interdisciplinary, reaching across businesses and transcending traditional epidemiology into a global program of great breadth. Their portfolio now includes holistic approaches to wellness, community health, and global measurement strategies.
Epidemiologists lead the analyses of the positive psychology-based Resilience Program implemented in office settings globally. As the Program expands, epidemiologists are working closely with operating sites' leadership to ensure the enhanced program's applicability to their workers and appropriate selection of business outcomes. Shell's Care for People is a global initiative to provide an environment in which workers in camps and construction sites can perform their best; epidemiologists developed its analytics strategy and met with leaders from across the business to ensure appropriateness and usefulness of proposed data collection. The transition of the team to a global discipline has been recognized by the Vice President of Health and the Global Leadership Team. Under their guidance, the team re-branded to Health Analytics to represent its breadth and global reach. A long-term strategy, mission, and vision are being created by the team to demonstrate its scope and its strong relationship with businesses across Shell.
The group is likely to grow from a U.S.-centric team delivering classic occupational epidemiology to a global discipline focused on realizing Health's value in partnership with Shell business across human performance dimensions. The new team will be the first scientific discipline in Shell Health to re-brand itself and expand globally after a long history in only the U.S. The current members have played important roles in the growth of the team's scope, its global recognition, and its transition into a new discipline.
Transitioning From a Classic Wellness Paradigm to a Culture of Health Strategy: Early Reflections and Impacts
Authors: Hess J. K. , Sexton K. W. , Bhojani F. A. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Shell's investment in employee wellness programs has spanned more than a decade, and is closely aligned with the Company's business principles and values, including long-term profitability and demonstrating care for employees. Initial wellness interventions focused almost entirely on reducing obesity at targeted worksites. Over time, the emphasis has been broadened to development of a company-wide culture of health which seeks to "empower People and the Business to thrive, and perform at their best."
This paper describes the evolution of Shell's approach to wellness, from one focused on health risk prevalence and health care costs, to a more holistic definition of health, and broadened list of success metrics including employee engagement. We begin by explaining the context for the initiation of our workplace wellness programs, including high and increasing prevalence of obesity, and growing absenteeism, particularly at large manufacturing assets. We will describe the earliest interventions which rolled out in 2003 through our largest and most recent program which is currently in its third year, and has served as the impetus for a number of similar programs across Shell in the US. Each will be described in terms of target population, design, outcomes and lessons learned.
Successful implementation of a Culture of Health will be apparent when (1) Company leaders talk about health routinely, (2) visitors know and feel that Shell values health and cares for people, (3) external agencies identify Shell as a healthy high performing company, and (4) employees value health as much as safety is currently valued. A healthy workplace goes beyond worker protection or ergonomics, to an environment that is friendly, supportive, and an enabler of high performance. Programs and activities underlying the development of Shell's Culture of Health are aligned with one purpose – to create healthy high performance and add value for people and the business.
Environmental Solutions Implemented for the Goliat Offshore Oil Field Development - The First Oil Field Development in the Norwegian Barents Sea
Authors: Bjørnbom Erik , Hansen Ole , Melhus Marta Linde , Klevstad Ulf 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The Goliat field operated by Eni Norge AS, with Statoil Petroleum AS as the only partner, will be the first offshore oil field in the Norwegian Barents Sea and the world's northernmost offshore oil field.
The Goliat field is being developed with a geostationary FPSO connected to 8 subsea templates with 22 wells (12 production wells, 7 water injectors and 3 gas injectors). The FPSO is on location and commissioning work is ongoing.
The field is located in the south western part of the Barents Sea, relatively close to the coastline. The Barents Sea is a sea area important for a number of fish stocks, sea birds and sea mammals. A number of "Particularly valuable and vulnerable areas" has been identified as part of the work conducted in relation to the update of the "Integrated Management Plan for the Marine Environment of the Barents Sea–Lofoten Area" presented to the Norwegian Parliament in the "White Paper no. 10 (2010–2011). The area has high political focus, especially on oil spill preparedness and environmental issues.
Environmental issues have been highly prioritized through all the project phases, in order to fulfill the frame work conditions set for the sea area by Norwegian Authorities and the specific requirements set by the Norwegian Parliament when approving the Plan for Development and Operation (PDO) for the Goliat field in 2009. The Goliat development project has developed and implemented new solutions, which will result in improved environmental performance.
The paper will address how the Goliat development project has implemented environmental BAT (Best Available Technic) solutions in relation to: Power solution (electrical power from shore in combination with gas turbine on FPSO)Emission to air reduction measures (mininimize GHG (Green House Gases) and other emissions, improved energy efficiency)Reduction of discharge to sea (re-injection of produced water, slop tank size, internal drain system, facility design)Offloading solution (new design)Environment monitoring solution (leak detection)Oil spill preparedness (new concepts in coastal areas)
The paper is closely linked to previous SPE papers presenting the Goliat field development, such as SPE paper 156773 "Implementation of the oil spill preparedness for the Goliat offshore oil field development – The first oil field development in the Barents Sea" (1), SPE paper 156795 "Coastal Oil Spill Preparedness Improvement Programme (COSPIP) and Memorandum of Understanding – Comprehensive Joint & Industrial project focusing on coastal oil spill challenges" (2) and SPE paper 126598 "EIA for the Goliat Offshore Oil Field Development. World's northernmost offshore oil development?"(3).
Making Safety Critical Decisions in a High-Hazard High-Consequence Environment: A Case Study
Authors: Hudson Peter , Hudson Timothy 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
This paper discusses the challenges encountered in the completion of a port reconstruction project in a West African country. On a US$150M aid project, undertaken by a range of international contractors, a major concern surfaced with respect to the existing LPG installation in the port as well as the proximity of a neighboring sulfur store. This paper examines the issues and consequences of integrating the risks into a reworked construction plan that assured an acceptable level of safety was achieved, if at some major political cost. The paper provides an example of the successful implementation of what had started as a relatively straightforward port project and developed into an extremely high-risk program as the oil and gas hazards became clear.
An onshore LPG storage facility in the port (3000 m3 and 200 m3) was identified as a major hazard that had not been considered in the original plans as it had been seen as a separate independent port activity. In the absence of sufficient information about the integrity of the facility an independent audit was undertaken. The findings were so grave, including a significant risk of uncontrolled fire and explosion, that a shutdown of both the entire construction site and the gas facility were demanded by the contractor and supported by the client. As the LPG facility provided a major source of LPG supply for 5 African nations, there was considerable pressure from the highest political levels to keep the facility in operation.
The worst consequence initially identified was a Boiling Liquid Expansive Vapor Explosion (BLEVE). After this risk had been identified a search for other hazards revealed a sulfur storage dump (± 10,000 tons) that, if ignited by a BLEVE posed a risk that was of catastrophic potential, putting a quarter of the population of the capital city (± 1.2M people) at significant risk from the combustion products of burning sulfur.
The paper discusses the physical and political knock-on consequences of the 8-week shutdown as well as the potential consequences on the port, the surrounding city and 5 countries if there had been a BLEVE. This paper aims to explore this potential and understand how close to an all out disaster this was. One lesson was the necessity of identifying and assessing all the hazards generated by oil and gas operations even when they do not appear to be relevant at first sight.
Oil Spill Detection and Response Using Satellite Imagery, Insight to Technology and Regulatory Context
Authors: Skedsmo Martin , Ayasse Rob , Soleng Nina , Indregard Marte 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

Objectives/Scope
A globalized market, stricter regulations by governments and increased scrutiny by the public are urging operating oil companies and preparedness and response organizations to set up and improve their current oil spill detection and monitoring procedures. As the industry moves north into the Arctic, satellites play an ever more important role by providing quick and reliable oil spill detections independent of geography, daylight or cloud cover. In Norway Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellite imagery has been used operationally for over 20 years and this manuscript will in short describe the history, regulatory context and latest technological capacities.

Methods, Procedures, Process
Several countries´ regulatory bodies have recently been looking to Norway drawing up regulations for detection of oil spills and the use of remote sensing. The reason for this is that in Norway it has been a mandatory requirement to use remote sensing for detection of acute pollution1 for many years. Satellite based information has been used operationally for 20 years in Norway and Norway has a unique cooperation model where information and responsibility, both for monitoring and response, are shared between the operating oil companies,(through NOFO, the industry group composed of all the offshore oil producers operating in Norway), and the Norwegian Coastal Administration.

Results, Observations, Conclusions
The "early birds" like Sweden, Netherlands, Finland and UK integrated the Norwegian satellite based oil spill detection service into their national response chain with airplanes and other surveillance means. And because oil spills knows no borders, the service concept was soon expanded into regional monitoring services, where several countries participated and shared information and resources. In 2007, the European Maritime Safety Agency, EMSA, established a multinational monitoring program called CleanSeaNet, CSN, covering all European coastal states. Kongsberg Satellite Services (KSAT) in Norway was responsible for the setup, service provision and training of all end users. Use of satellite information for oil spill detection is today a widely accepted and proven technology and is currently used for both early detection, identification of source, and in response situations being an excellent tool for documenting chain of events and planning response efforts.

Novel/Additive Information
The Norwegian oil spill detection service is today provided worldwide and end users in Australia and Gulf of Mexico benefits from the service development done in Norway. One of the challenges using satellites has been frequency and update intervals. With current developments in the satellite industry, satellite coverage will be provided more frequently and available even faster, thus improving the capacities in the case of acute pollution.
What is the 2030 Vision for Water Management in the Oil and Gas Sector?
Authors: Wyness Alistair , Romer Ruth 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Water constraints are predicted to increase as a result of population growth and increased living standards, pollution impacts and climate change impacts. IPIECA, the global oil and gas industry association for environmental and social issues, has implemented a structured, scenario based process to build a long-term vision to 2030 to help inform water management for the industry. This process was informed by published science, IPIECA member knowledge and external experts. The process involved the characterisation of numerous and complex uncertainties that may potentially arise by 2030, the dependencies between those uncertainties and the regional variation of those uncertainties. Through this characterization four independent and plausible future-state scenarios have been created, describing potential water management regimes in 15 years that could exist. These scenarios will allow, IPEICA to develop a vision for water management in the oil and gas sector, forming the basis of a roadmap for IPIECA and the industry to proactively plan for the future.
Development of Environmentally Friendly Tracer Technology for Monitoring Drilling Fluid Infiltration During Coring Operation
Authors: Cramer J. L. , Nielsen T. B. , Bähring S. , Torgersen H. T. , Cowling M. , Sidley T. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Tracers in drilling mud have been used during coring operations as a tool to quantify the degree of mud filtrate-invasion in the core. This paper describes the application of a deuterium oxide water-based mud tracer that allows for real-time analysis of the tracer concentration while the drilling operation is ongoing. This ensures that a uniform mud tracer concentration can be maintained during coring operations. By using a Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy (CRDS) technique, the tracer concentration offshore can be assessed within 30 minutes of sampling. The combination of deuterium oxide tracer and CRDS analysis constitutes the first HSE-compliant real-time tracing for offshore coring operations. This method was applied successfully on a Maersk Oil exploration well drilled in the North Sea. The mud tracer concentration was monitored throughout the coring operation and subsequently compared to the tracer concentrations found in the core material. It was concluded that mud filtrate invasion ranged from 26% to 62%.
Quantified Risk Analysis of DP Operations - Principles and Challenges
Authors: Chen Haibo , Nygärd Bjørn 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Risk of position loss is intrinsic to all DP vessels. A position loss may happen on DP1 vessels, as well as on DP2 and DP3 vessels. The consequence is vessel and operation specific, and can be catastrophic to personnel, environment and asset. Quantification of the risk originated from DP vessel position loss is viewed necessary for the offshore oil and gas industry and is a good way to focus the attention in DP risk management. The paper presents a five-step methodology to perform quantified risk analysis of DP operations. That is, 1) Assess frequency of position loss, 2) Establish vessel speed and distance profile involved in position loss, 3) Estimate probability of successful intervention in case of position loss, 4) Calculate frequency of accident and estimate accident consequences, and 5) Conclude the risk picture and investigate risk reduction measures. Key principles are described with case studies to illustrate the methodology. One of the main challenges for a quantified risk analysis of DP operations is related to the frequency of positon loss. The DP incident reporting scheme in the industry at present however does not provide position loss frequency. The authors recommend an alternative DP incident data reporting scheme which combines both incidents and corresponding DP operational time. By having transparency on reporting and deriving less uncertain position loss frequency figures, such reporting scheme will contribute to the DP safety management and in the long run bring benefits to all stakeholders involved in offshore DP marine operations.