bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metagenomic Sequencing Detects Respiratory Pathogens in Hematopoietic Cellular Transplant Patients
Authors: Langelier C , Zinter MS , Kalantar K , Yanik GA , Christenson S , Odonovan B , White C , Wilson M , Sapru A , Dvorak CC , Miller S , Chiu CY , DeRisi JL 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTRATIONALECurrent microbiologic diagnostics often fail to identify the etiology of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) in hematopoietic cellular transplant recipients (HCT), which precludes the implementation of targeted therapies.OBJECTIVESTo address the need for improved LRTI diagnostics, we evaluated the utility of metagenomic next generation sequencing (mNGS) of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) to detect microbial pathogens in HCT patients with acute respiratory illnesses.METHODSWe enrolled 22 post-HCT adults ages 19-69 years with acute respiratory illnesses who underwent BAL at the University of Michigan between January 2012 and May 2013. mNGS was performed on BAL fluid to detect microbes and simultaneously assess the host transcriptional response. Results were compared against conventional microbiologic assays.MEASUREMENTS & MAIN RESULTSmNGS demonstrated 100% sensitivity for detecting respiratory microbes (human metapneumovirus, respiratory syncytial virus,Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, human herpesvirus 6 and cytomegalovirus) when compared to standard testing. Previously unrecognized LRTI pathogens were identified in six patients for whom standard testing was negative (human coronavirus 229E, human rhinovirus A,Corynebacterium propinquumandStreptococcus mitis); findings were confirmed by independent PCR and 16S rRNA sequencing. Relative to patients without infection, patients with infection had increased expression of immunity related genes (p=0.022) and significantly lower diversity of their respiratory microbiome (p=0.017).CONCLUSIONSCompared to conventional diagnostics, mNGS enhanced detection of pathogens in BAL fluid from HCT patients. Furthermore, our results suggest that combining unbiased microbial pathogen detection with assessment of host gene biomarkers of immune response may hold promise for enhancing the diagnosis of post-HCT respiratory infections.
Structure of the full-length VEGFR-1 extracellular domain in complex with VEGF-A
Authors: Markovic-Mueller Sandra , Stuttfeld Edward , Asthana Mayanka , Weinert Tobias , Bliven Spencer , Goldie Kenneth N. , Kisko Kaisa , Capitani Guido , Ballmer-Hofer Kurt 
Published: January 2017

SUMMARYVascular Endothelial Growth Factors (VEGFs) regulate blood and lymph vessel development upon activation of three receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), VEGFR-1, −2, and −3. Partial structures of VEGFR/VEGF complexes based on single particle electron microscopy, small angle X-ray scattering, and X-ray crystallography revealed the location of VEGF binding and domain arrangement of individual receptor subdomains. Here we describe the structure of the full-length VEGFR-1 extracellular domain (ECD) in complex with VEGF-A at 4 Å resolution. We combined X-ray crystallography, single particle electron microscopy, and molecular modeling for structure determination and validation. The structure reveals the molecular details of ligand-induced receptor dimerization, in particular of homotypic receptor interactions in Ig-domains 4, 5, and 7. Functional analyses of ligand binding and receptor activation confirm the relevance of these homotypic contacts and identify them as potential therapeutic sites to allosterically inhibit VEGFR-1 activity.
Environmental scan
Authors: Rathi Dinesh , Shiri Ali , Cockney Catherine 
Published: January 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose an evidence-based environmental scanning model that will provide a methodological framework for conducting community-engaged and community-focused research, with a particular emphasis on northern communities in Canada.Design/methodology/approachThe study has adopted a multifaceted environmental scanning approach to understand the Inuvialuit Settlement Region communities. The research design is informed by various environmental models as discussed in literature from a broad range of domains such as business, library and information science (LIS), and a sophisticated multimethod data gathering approach that included field trips, observations, surveys, as well as informal methods of community engagement.FindingsThe paper proposes an environmental scan model as a novel approach to community-focused digital library (DL) development. The paper identifies both macro- and micro-environmental landscapes as applicable to the development of a DL for communities in Canada’s North. The macro-environmental landscapes include: geographical, historical and sociocultural, political and regulatory, economic, technological, competition, and human resource. The micro-environmental landscapes include: stakeholder and community, linguistic, information resource, and ownership.Originality/valueThe environmental scanning model and its key components presented in this paper provide a novel and concrete example of a project that aims to organize information for increased access and to create value through the design and implementation of an infrastructure for a cultural heritage DL. The environmental scan model will also contribute to both research and practice in the field of Library and Information Science (LIS), particularly in the area of DL development for rural, remote, and indigenous communities.
Novel design topology for low leakage field and vibration motor
Authors: Salon Sheppard , Ergene Lale T. 
Published: January 2017

Purpose:
The purpose of the paper is to introduce a novel design topology for an electric motor, which has essentially none of the normal sources of magnetic alternating force.

Design/methodology/approach:
Two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) finite element methods are used to analyze the electromagnetic performance of the proposed machine. 3D integral equations are used to calculate the scalar potentials. Detailed manufacturing process and the results of the testing are presented.

Findings
The new design will eliminate core vibrations, slot passing frequency vibrations and torque pulsations. The motor also has the property that the external magnetic field is controllable and tunable after the construction.

Social implications
This approach increases the motor efficiency.

Originality/value:
The proposed machine has low field and vibration, so it can be used where low exterior fields are required.
Influence of the shape of squirrel-cage bars on the dimensions of permanent magnets in an optimized line-start permanent magnet synchronous motor
Authors: Knypiński Łukasz , Jedryczka Cezary , Demenko Andrzej 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to compare parameters and properties of optimal structures of a line-start permanent magnet synchronous motor (LSPMSM) for the cage winding of a different rotor bar shape.

Design/methodology/approach
The mathematical model of the considered motor includes the equation of the electromagnetic field, the electric circuit equations and equation of mechanical equilibrium. The numerical implementation is based on finite element method (FEM) and step-by-step algorithm. To improve the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm convergence, the velocity equation in the classical PSO method is supplemented by an additional term. This term represents the location of the center of mass of the swarm. The modified particle swarm algorithm (PSO-MC) has been used in the optimization calculations.

Findings
The LSPMSM with drop type bars has better performance and synchronization parameters than motors with circular bars. It is also proved that the used modification of the classical PSO procedure ensures faster convergence for solving the problem of optimization LSPMSM. This modification is particularly useful when the field model of phenomena is used.

Originality/value
The authors noticed that to obtain the maximum power factor and efficiency of the LSPMSM, the designer should take into account dimensions and the placement of the magnets in the designing process. In the authors’ opinion, the equivalent circuit models can be used only at the preliminary stage of the designing of line-start permanent magnet motors.
A synthesis of tree functional traits related to drought‐induced mortality in forests across climatic zones
Authors: O'Brien Michael J. , Engelbrecht Bettina M. J. , Joswig Julia , Pereyra Gabriela , Schuldt Bernhard , Jansen Steven , Kattge Jens , Landhäusser Simon M. , Levick Shaun R. , Preisler Yakir , Väänänen Päivi , Macinnis‐Ng Cate 
Published: January 2017

SummaryForest dieback caused by drought‐induced tree mortality has been observed world‐wide. Forecasting which trees in which locations are vulnerable to drought‐induced mortality is important to predict the consequences of drought on forest structure, biodiversity and ecosystem function.In this paper, our central aim was to compile a synthesis of tree traits and associated abiotic variables that can be used to predict drought‐induced mortality.We reviewed the literature that specifically links drought mortality to functional traits and site conditions (i.e. edaphic variables and biotic conditions), targeting studies that show clear use of tree traits in drought analysis. We separated the review into five climatic zones to determine global vs. regionally restricted relationships between traits and mortality.Our synthesis identifies a number of traits that have clear relationships with drought‐induced mortality (e.g. wood density at the species level and tree size and growth at the individual level). However, the lack of direct relationships between most traits and drought‐induced mortality highlights areas where future research should focus to broaden our understanding.Synthesis and applications. Our synthesis highlights established relationships between traits and drought‐induced mortality, presents knowledge gaps for future research focus and suggests monitoring and research avenues for improving our understanding of drought‐induced mortality. It is intended to assist ecologists and natural resource managers choose appropriate and measurable parameters for predicting local and regional scale tree mortality risk in different climatic zones within constraints of time and funding availability.
Preliminary Data on the Role of Emotional Intelligence in Mediating the Relationship Between Psychopathic Characteristics and Detention Terms of Property Offenders
Authors: Curci Antonietta , Soleti Emanuela , Manuti Amelia 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe present preliminary data on the role of emotional intelligence (EI) in mediating the relationship between psychopathy and detention term of authors of property crimes. We assumed that the detention term is an approximation of the severity of criminal behavior. A sample of 24 property offenders were individually administered a brief anamnestic interview, the Psychopathic Personality Inventory—Revised (PPI‐R), and the Mayer–Salovey–Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT). Information concerning the detention term was obtained from prison records. A mediation model was applied to the data showing that offenders high in psychopathic traits (i.e., total PPI‐R score and Self‐centered dimension of PPI‐R) have a low level of ability EI and this is in turn negatively associated with the duration of their prison sentence. Results encourage the investigation of ability EI as a protective factor against the antisocial outcomes of psychopathic disorder.
Profile of Hospital Admissions due to Self‐Inflicted Harm in Los Angeles County from 2001 to 2010
Authors: Bazargan‐Hejazi Shahrzad , Ahmadi Alireza , Bazargan Mohsen , Rahmani Elham , Pan Deyu , Zahmatkesh Golara , Teruya Stacey 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe aimed to describe the demographic profile of self‐inflicted harm (SIH) in Los Angeles County between 2001 and 2010 and to investigate trends over this 10‐year period. We used the California Hospital Discharge Data to investigate all cases of hospital admission due to SIH, including suicide attempts and if they had a concurrent psychiatric diagnosis based on ICD‐9 codes. African‐Americans (AA) had the highest 10‐year SIH admission rates. SIH admission rates remained steady throughout the 10‐year study period. Median age of SIH was significantly lower in Latinos. Episodic mood disorders were the most common psychiatric comorbidity. The use of solid/liquid poisoning was the most common SIH method among all racial/ethnic groups. We found major disparities in SIH admissions across racial/ethnic subgroups. The importance of programs to identify, prevent, and treat SIH in these groups is discussed.
Frozen: Thawing and Its Effect on the Postmortem Microbiome in Two Pediatric Cases,
Authors: Pechal Jennifer L. , Schmidt Carl J. , Jordan Heather R. , Benbow M. Eric 
Published: January 2017

AbstractPrevious postmortem microbiome studies have focused on characterizing taxa turnover during an undisturbed decomposition process. How coexisting conditions (e.g., frozen, buried, burned) affect the human microbiome at the time of discovery is less well understood. Microbiome data were collected from two pediatric cases at the Wayne County Medical Examiner in Michigan. The bodies were found frozen, hidden in a freezer for an extended time. Microbial communities were sampled from six external anatomic locations at three time points during the thawing process, prior to autopsy. The 16S rRNA V4 gene amplicon region was sequenced using high‐throughput sequencing (Illumina MiSeq). Microbial diversity increased, and there was a distinct shift in microbial community structure and abundance throughout the thawing process. Overall, these data demonstrate that the postmortem human microbiome changes during the thawing process, and have important forensic implications when bodies have been substantially altered, modified, and concealed after death.
Recognizing the Best: The Productive and Counterproductive Effects of Relative Performance Recognition
Authors: Wang Laura W. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractI use a laboratory experiment to examine the productive and counterproductive effects of providing employees nonpecuniary recognition based on measures of relative performance. I find that, on average, recognition programs increase both productive efforts (those intended to increase one's own performance) and counterproductive efforts (those intended to decrease peer performance) in a setting where it is salient to employees that they can exert both productive and counterproductive efforts. Interestingly, I also find that these effects are moderated by the Dark Triad of personalities, a group of three personality traits. My study reveals that recognition programs mainly lead individuals who score lower on the Dark Triad to increase counterproductive efforts and those who score higher on the Dark Triad to increase productive efforts. These results contribute to the literature on relative performance information by demonstrating that recognition programs can have both productive and counterproductive effects. However, whether these programs produce mainly a productive or counterproductive effect depends on important personality characteristics of the employees.
Credit Rating Agency and Equity Analysts’ Adjustments to GAAP Earnings
Authors: Batta George , Muslu Volkan 
Published: January 2017

AbstractMoody's analysts and sell‐side equity analysts adjust GAAP earnings as part of their research. We show that adjusted earnings definitions of Moody's analysts are significantly lower than those of equity analysts when companies exhibit higher downside risk, as measured by volatility in idiosyncratic stock returns, volatility in negative market returns, poor earnings, and loss status. Relative to the adjusted earnings definitions of equity analysts, adjusted earnings definitions of Moody's analysts better predict future bankruptcies, yet they fare significantly worse in predicting future earnings and operating cash flows. These findings persist after controlling for optimism incentives of analysts, reporting incentives of companies, credit rating levels, and industry and year effects. Our findings suggest that credit rating agencies cater to their clients’ demand for a more conservative interpretation of company‐reported performance than what is offered by equity analysts.
Evaluation of the Psychometric Properties of NOC Outcomes “Anxiety Level” and “Anxiety Self‐Control” in a Portuguese Outpatient Sample
Authors: Sampaio Francisco Miguel Correia , Araújo Odete Sofia Silva Lomba , Sequeira Carlos Alberto da Cruz , Lluch Canut María Teresa , Martins Teresa 
Published: January 2017

PURPOSETo adopt the language and to evaluate the psychometric properties of “Anxiety level” and “Anxiety self‐control” NOC outcomes in Portuguese adult patients.METHODSMethodological design.FINDINGSThe final European Portuguese version of the NOC outcome “Anxiety level,” composed by 16 indicators, proved excellent internal consistency. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was forced to three factors. The NOC outcome “Anxiety self‐control,” composed of nine indicators, demonstrated a questionable internal consistency. EFA was forced to two factors.CONCLUSIONSEuropean Portuguese versions of the studied NOC outcomes proved to be tools with acceptable psychometric properties for evaluating anxiety in Portuguese patients.IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICEThis study contributed to the development of NOC language and to the enrichment of nursing's body of knowledge.OBJETIVOAdaptar a linguagem e avaliar as propriedades psicométricas dos resultados NOC “Nível de ansiedade” e “Autocontrolo da ansiedade” em utentes portugueses adultos.MÉTODOSEstudo metodológico.RESULTADOSA versão portuguesa do resultado NOC “Nível de ansiedade”, composta por 16 indicadores, apresentou uma excelente consistência interna. A análise fatorial exploratória (AFE) foi forçada a três dimensões. O resultado NOC “Autocontrolo da ansiedade”, composto por nove indicadores, apresentou uma consistência interna questionável. A AFE foi forçada a duas dimensões.CONCLUSÕESAs versões portuguesas dos resultados NOC estudados são instrumentos com propriedades psicométricas aceitáveis para avaliar a ansiedade em utentes portugueses.IMPLICAÇÕES PARA A PRÁTICA DE ENFERMAGEMEste estudo contribuiu para o desenvolvimento da linguagem NOC e para enriquecer o corpo de conhecimento de Enfermagem.
Peripheral cytokine and chemokine alterations in depression: a meta‐analysis of 82 studies
Authors: Köhler C. A. , Freitas T. H. , Maes M. , de Andrade N. Q. , Liu C. S. , Fernandes B. S. , Stubbs B. , Solmi M. , Veronese N. , Herrmann N. , Raison C. L. , Miller B. J. , Lanctôt K. L. , Carvalho A. F. 
Published: January 2017

ObjectiveTo conduct a systematic review and meta‐analysis of studies that measured cytokine and chemokine levels in individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) compared to healthy controls (HCs).MethodThe PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO databases were searched up until May 30, 2016. Effect sizes were estimated with random‐effects models.ResultEighty‐two studies comprising 3212 participants with MDD and 2798 HCs met inclusion criteria. Peripheral levels of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐alpha, IL‐10, the soluble IL‐2 receptor, C‐C chemokine ligand 2, IL‐13, IL‐18, IL‐12, the IL‐1 receptor antagonist, and the soluble TNF receptor 2 were elevated in patients with MDD compared to HCs, whereas interferon‐gamma levels were lower in MDD (Hedge's g = −0.477, P = 0.043). Levels of IL‐1β, IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐8, the soluble IL‐6 receptor (sIL‐6R), IL‐5, CCL‐3, IL‐17, and transforming growth factor‐beta 1 were not significantly altered in individuals with MDD compared to HCs. Heterogeneity was large (I2: 51.6–97.7%), and sources of heterogeneity were explored (e.g., age, smoking status, and body mass index).ConclusionOur results further characterize a cytokine/chemokine profile associated with MDD. Future studies are warranted to further elucidate sources of heterogeneity, as well as biosignature cytokines secreted by other immune cells.
Edge effects on carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) between forest fragments and agricultural fields in south‐east Brazil
Authors: Cividanes Francisco J , dos Santos‐Cividanes Terezinha M , Ferraudo Antonio S , da Matta Danilo H 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThere is very little information available on the abundance, diversity and distribution of Neotropical species of carabid beetles in agroecosystems. We studied the diversity and similarity of carabids in forest fragments, soybean/corn crops and edges, and we also determined the number of individuals of carabid species in fragment and crop during the growing season of crop and the off‐season period. The study was carried out on three separate areas located in the Jaboticabal and Guaíra municipalities, São Paulo State, Brazil, from November 2004 to May 2008. Each location consisted of forest fragment, adjacent soybean/corn crop and edge. Carabids were sampled with 48 pitfall traps arranged along two parallel transects 200 m long. In total, 3544 individuals of 62 species were collected, with the following five species dominating: Abaris basistriata Chaudoir, Odontocheila nodicornis (Dejean), Tetracha brasiliensis (Kirby), Scarites sp. 3 and Scarites sp. 4. Highest species diversity occurred in the edge with weedy plants. Carabid communities showed high similarity between edge – crop and edge – fragments. Abaris basistriata, Calosoma granulatum Perty, Galerita brasiliensis Dejean, Selenophorus alternans Dejean, Selenophorus discopunctatus Dejean, T. brasiliensis and species of Scarites showed the most potential as biocontrol agents of soybean/corn pests.
Are Australian field‐collected strains of Cimex lectularius and Cimex hemipterus (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) resistant to deltamethrin and imidacloprid as revealed by topical assay?
Authors: Lilly David G , Dang Kai , Webb Cameron E , Doggett Stephen L 
Published: January 2017

AbstractResistance profiling on Cimex lectularius and Cimex hemipterus in Australia has previously revealed the existence of resistance to pyrethroid insecticides and that multiple resistant mechanisms exist in field populations. To further investigate insecticide resistance in modern field populations of bed bugs, a program to collect and screen field specimens was initiated. Over 50 bed bug strains (a mixture that included both C. lectularius and C. hemipterus) have been collected from across Australian, with 35 subsequently colonised (31 C. lectularius and 4 C. hemipterus) for laboratory‐based insecticide resistance testing. Bed bugs were exposed topically to pyrethroids at a discriminating dose of 2.5 g/L deltamethrin in acetone applied at a rate of 1 μL/bug and, for neonicotinoids, a dose of 0.1 g/L of imidacloprid applied at a rate of 1 μL/bug. Mortality was recorded 24 h post application. Twenty adult bed bugs of mixed sex and age in two replicates of 10 were used for the bioassays, plus controls. Results indicated a broad spread in the frequency of resistance against deltamethrin in C. lectularius, represented by a range of mortality values between 15 and 100%. Mortality was predominantly uniform with C. lectularius against imidacloprid at ≥95%, except for several recently collected strains that returned between 70 and 85%, indicating that a degree of tolerance may be developing in select strains. Three of four C. hemipterus strains returned mortality values at or below 10%, with the remainder recording 75% mortality, thereby indicating pyrethroid resistance is similarly advanced in this species. Normal susceptibility (≥95% mortality) was otherwise evident in all four C. hemipterus strains to imidacloprid. These findings complement concurrent research, which indicates that variable patterns of resistance are present across the country and around the world. The results have profound implications for product manufacturers and registration authorities in ensuring that a product is as effective at controlling bed bugs in the field as the laboratory.