bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying Industry-Specific Components of Product Liability Response System Using Delphi-AHP Method
Authors: Seo JunHyeok , Bae SungMin 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
PL (product liability) response system is an enterprise-wide system that prevents company’s financial loss due to PL-related accidents. Existing researches on PL response system are mainly focused on preventive and/or defense strategies for the companies. Also, it is obvious that each industry has their original characteristics related on PL issues. It means industry-specific characteristics should be considered to adopt PL response strategies. Thus, this paper aims to discuss industry-specific PL response system and their components. Based on prior researches, we tried to reveal the possibility of its application to manufacturing companies of existing PL response strategies using Delphi method with PL experts. Based on first round results, we tried to classify existing PL strategies of manufacturing companies into several categories. To validate our suggestion for essential components of PL response system, second round Delphi method are applied. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) technique will be applied to identify a prioritized list of each components and strategies. Existing PL response strategies could be categorized with six components – strategy, technology, investment, training, awareness, and organization. Among six components, Technology – it represents the technology needed for improving the safety of all products – is the most important components to prepare PL accidents. The limitation of this paper is on the size of survey and variety of examples. However, the future study will enhance the potential of the proposed method. Regardless of rich research efforts to identify PL response strategies, there is no effort to categorize these strategies and prioritized them. Well-coordinated and actionable PL response strategies and their priorities could help small-and-medium sized enterprise (SME) to develop their own PL response system with their limited resources.
Economic Statistical Design of Variable Sampling Interval X¯ $\overline X $ Control Chart Based on Surrogate Variable Using Genetic Algorithms
Authors: Lee Tae-Hoon , Hong Sung-Hoon , Kwon Hyuck-Moo , Lee Minkoo 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
In many cases, a

$\overline X $

control chart based on a performance variable is used in industrial fields. Typically, the control chart monitors the measurements of a performance variable itself. However, if the performance variable is too costly or impossible to measure, and a less expensive surrogate variable is available, the process may be more efficiently controlled using surrogate variables. In this paper, we present a model for the economic statistical design of a VSI (Variable Sampling Interval)

$\overline X $

control chart using a surrogate variable that is linearly correlated with the performance variable. We derive the total average profit model from an economic viewpoint and apply the model to a Very High Temperature Reactor (VHTR) nuclear fuel measurement system and derive the optimal result using genetic algorithms. Compared with the control chart based on a performance variable, the proposed model gives a larger expected net income per unit of time in the long-run if the correlation between the performance variable and the surrogate variable is relatively high. The proposed model was confined to the sample mean control chart under the assumption that a single assignable cause occurs according to the Poisson process. However, the model may also be extended to other types of control charts using a single or multiple assignable cause assumptions such as VSS (Variable Sample Size)

$\overline X $

control chart, EWMA, CUSUM charts and so on.
Methodologies of Knowledge Discovery from Data and Data Mining Methods in Mechanical Engineering
Authors: Rogalewicz Michał , Sika Robert 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe paper contains a review of methodologies of a process of knowledge discovery from data and methods of data exploration (Data Mining), which are the most frequently used in mechanical engineering. The methodologies contain various scenarios of data exploring, while DM methods are used in their scope. The paper shows premises for use of DM methods in industry, as well as their advantages and disadvantages. Development of methodologies of knowledge discovery from data is also presented, along with a classification of the most widespread Data Mining methods, divided by type of realized tasks. The paper is summarized by presentation of selected Data Mining applications in mechanical engineering.
Incidencia de las Técnicas de Gestión en la mejora de las decisiones administrativas
Authors: Valdés Pérez Dayana 
Published: January 2017

<p>Con el transcurrir de los años los productos y servicios son cada vez más complejos y con ello las exigencias de los clientes en cuanto a calidad, tiempo y precio. Es por ello necesario para triunfar una adecuada gestión y relación de las áreas de la entidad apoyándose en herramientas como las que integran la Contabilidad de Gestión, las cuales sirven de sostén tanto para la planeación como para el control y por tanto para la toma de decisiones. La planeación no está encaminada a eliminar riesgos, pues asumirlos es esencial para el progreso, sino a asegurar que estos se detecten. En tal sentido aplicar un procedimiento sustentado en el modelo Costo-Volumen-Utilidad, para la toma de decisiones gerenciales, encaminadas al mejoramiento del proceso de comercialización, en las empresas industriales constituye el objetivo de esta investigación, que es validada a través de un estudio de casos aplicado a la línea de producción de jugos de frutas perteneciente a la empresa industrial de cítricos Ceballos, para ello se emplearon varios métodos del nivel teórico como entrevistas estructuradas, encuestas, criterio de expertos y se formuló un procedimiento para el análisis de las diferentes variables que conforman el modelo, así como la valoración de dos escenarios que permitieron diagnosticar la situación de la industria, reconociendo que el procedimiento propuesto permitió tomar decisiones encaminadas al mejoramiento de la comercialización en la línea de jugos de la empresa industrial.</p>
Importancia de la microbiota gastrointestinal en pediatría
Authors: Zamudio-Vázquez V P , Ramírez-Mayans J A , Toro-Monjaraz E M , Cervantes- Bustamante R , Zárate-Mondragón F , Montijo-Barrios E , Cadena-León J F , Cázares-Méndez J M 
Published: January 2017

Las enfermedades del tubo gastrointestinal forman parte importante de la morbilidad y de la mortalidad mundiales; incluyen desde las enfermedades infecciosas, alérgicas, inflamatorias crónicas (como la enfermedad de Crohn y la colitis ulcerativa) hasta padecimientos considerados como funcionales, como el síndrome de intestino irritable. En algunas de ellas el tratamiento puede ser difícil, ya que en ocasiones pueden existir diferentes teorías en relación a las mismas y en las que se han encontrado múltiples factores tanto psicosociales como genéticos. En los últimos años ha cobrado gran importancia el papel que desempeña la microbiota intestinal en la génesis de algunas de ellas. Desde el siglo XV se describió la presencia de microorganismos en el tubo gastrointestinal, pero fue hasta que se originó la biología molecular cuando se logró un mejor conocimiento de la función y la composición del ecosistema gastrointestinal, el cual contribuye de manera importante para los procesos de digestión y absorción de sustratos de la dieta, así como para las funciones inmunológicas y protectoras de la microbiota gastrointestinal en cada organismo, lo que resulta esencial para comprender su participación en el tratamiento y en la prevención de múltiples enfermedades.
Antimicrobial Effects of Mastic Extract Against Oral and Periodontal Pathogens
Authors: Koychev Stefka , Dommisch Henrik , Chen Hong , Pischon Nicole 
Published: January 2017

Background: Various antimicrobial agents are widely used in the therapy of oral inflammatory diseases. However, their side effects and the appearance of drug resistance justify research on natural antimicrobial agents to target oral pathogens that are safe for the host. In the present study, antimicrobial properties of mastic extract on commensal and pathogenic oral bacteria, as well as its possible cytotoxic effect toward cells of epithelial and mesenchymal origin, were evaluated and compared with the common antimicrobial agents hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX).Methods: Oral and periodontal pathogens (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Streptococcus mutans [Sm], Streptococcus oralis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, and Prevotella nigrescens) were treated with different concentrations of mastic extract, 3% H2O2, and 0.2% CHX, and evaluated with an agar diffusion test. The cytotoxic effect of mastic extract was tested on four cell lines of epithelial and mesenchymal origin (HaCaT, SaOS‐2, MC3T3‐E1, periodontal ligament [PDL] cells) by neutral red and 2,3‐bis‐(2‐methoxy‐4‐nitro‐5‐sulfophenyl)‐2H‐tetrazolium‐5‐carboxanilide assay.Results: Mastic extract led to significantly (P ≤0.016) increased inhibition of the tested periodontal pathogens compared with H2O2. No effect of mastic extract was observed on Sm. Mastic extract showed beneficial effects on cell viability because viability values of tested cells were significantly (P ≤0.016) lower for cells treated with CHX and H2O2 compared with mastic extract–treated cells after stimulation for 2, 4, and 6 hours.Conclusion: The present data demonstrate mastic extract’s inhibition of periodontal pathogens, as well as beneficial effects on cell viability, compared with H2О2, suggesting that it could be considered an alternative antibacterial agent in the prevention of periodontal disease.
Innovative Diversion Technology Ensures Uniform Stimulation Treatments and Enhances Gas Production: Example from Carbonate and Sandstone Reservoirs
Authors: Rahim Zillur , Al-Kanaan Adnan , Taha Sayd , Crawford Elspeth M. , Khalifa Mohamed , Krich Driss , Mikaelyan Vladimir , Lahman Matthew 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Saudi Arabian nonassociated natural gas development programs are continuously expanding to meet the local energy demand. The challenges faced in the new development areas attributed to reservoir heterogeneity, high-pressure and high temperature, and low reservoir quality have been thoroughly evaluated and encountered with the application of fit-for-purpose novel technologies and the implementation of best practices. Drilling of horizontal wells and completing those with multistage fracturing (MSF) have been a preferred practice to obtain and maintain high and sustainable production and to help marginal wells become economical. One main focus area for the enhancement and improvement of stimulation efficiency is fracturing fluid additives. Regardless of the base gel and loading used, the additives play a major role in acid etching or proppant transport in heterogeneous reservoirs to attain uniform stimulation, maintain high fracture conductivity, and accelerate post-fracture cleanup.
Because of reservoir heterogeneity and the extent of permeability development and net pay sections that need to be stimulated in a horizontal well, ensuring uniform fracture propagation, acid penetration, and proppant placement, effective completion and stimulation design is necessary. The location of perforations is important and can impact fracture growth while the diversion additives in the fracturing fluid ensure that perforation clusters are all treated sequentially, assist and enhance acid interaction or proppant distribution inside the fracture, and increase the effective fracture geometry, contact area, and overall conductivity. The paper highlights the importance of perforation placement and discusses in detail a novel diversion technology and control pressure pumping (CPP) mechanism successfully applied in several high-pressure, high temperature condensate tight gas reservoirs to optimize breakdown, acid penetration, proppant transport, and maximize stimulated volume and well productivity.
Several wells have been acid fractured, matrix acidized, or proppant fractured using novel diversion materials and are discussed in this paper. Various diagnostics used to verify stimulation coverage include running production and temperature logs, conducting distributed acoustic and temperature measurements, as well as pumping nonradioactive tracers. Although these wells exhibited a wide range of porosity and permeability variation along the drilled section, each perforated interval was effectively stimulated using novel diversion materials. Compared to offset wells where diversion was not used, wells treated with novel diversion showed a distinct difference in acid etching or proppant placement profiles, thereby confirming their superiority. The total production rate observed was much higher in the novel diversion applied wells.
Re-Designing from Scratch and Defending Offset Wells: Case Study of a Six-Well Bakken Zipper Project, McKenzie County, ND
Authors: Bommer Peter , Bayne Marc , Mayerhofer Michael , Machovoe Mike , Staron Maciej 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT
Completion optimization in unconventional wells has been an industry goal since the earliest stages of horizontal development. Motivated by the desire for higher financial returns and fueled by the rise of both technology and big data, optimization efforts have become de rigueur. This paper describes an optimization project in which a legacy Bakken completion design was set aside to make way for a "blank slate" analysis. Addressed in this context are the optimization research challenges faced by smaller operators in the play. The resulting re-designed completion was applied on a recent six-well zipper frac in east-central McKenzie County yielding a production increase of 13.5% with a cost reduction of 3.6% compared to legacy completions.
On the same zipper project, an active well defense strategy on existing producers offsetting the six-well pad was also employed. With the increase in development density across the Bakken play, well interference associated with fracturing treatments is becoming increasingly common. While such well interference, known as "frac hits", can produce a variety of effects, including some that are beneficial, they are generally considered to be undesirable. Included in this paper is a discussion of the operator's frac hit experience and the results of the active well defense strategies applied in this project.
A Model for the Conductivity and Compliance of Unpropped Fractures
Authors: Wu Weiwei , Sharma Mukul M. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Fluid flow in unpropped and natural fractures is critical in many geophysical processes and engineering applications. The flow conductivity in these fractures depends on their closure under stress, which is a complicated mechanical process that is chanllenging to model. The chanllenges come from the deformation interaction and the close coupling among the fracture geometry, pressure and deformation, making the closure computationally expensive to describe. Hence, most of the previous models either use a small grid system or disregard deformation interaction or plastic deformation.
In this study, a numerical model is developed to simulate the stress-driven closure and the conductivity for fractures with rough surfaces. The model integrates elastoplastic deformation and deformation interaction, and can handle contact between heterogeneous surfaces. Computation is optimized and accelterated by employing an algorithm that combines the conjugate-gradient method and the fast Fourier transfrom technique. Computation time is significantly reduced compared to traditional methods. For example a 5 orders of magnitude speedup is obtained for a grid size of 512 by 512. The model is validated against analytical problems and experiments, for both elastic-only and elastoplastic scenarios.
It is shown that interaction between asperities and plastic deformation can not be ignored when modeling fracture closure. By applying our model, roughness and yield stress are found to have a larger impact on fracture closure and compliance than Young's modulus. Plastic deformation is a dominant contributor to closure and can make up more than 70% of the total closure in some shales. The plastic deformation also significantly alters the relationship between fracture stiffness and conductivity. Surfaces with reduced correlation length produce greater conductivity due to their larger apertures, despite more fracture closure. They have a similar fraction of area in contact as surfaces with longer fracture length, but the pattern of area in contact is more scattered. Contact between heterogeneous surfaces leads to increased plastic deformation and fracture closure, and results in lower fracture conductivity. Fracture compliance appears not be sensitive to the distribution pattern of hard and soft components. Our model compares well with experimental data for fracture closure, and can be applied to unpropped or natural fractures.
Enhancement of Well Production in the SCOOP Woodford Shale through the Application of Microproppant
Authors: Calvin James , Grieser Bill , Bachman Travis 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
This paper presents the incorporation of microproppant (MP) in stimulation treatment designs in the liquids-rich South Central Oklahoma Oil Province (SCOOP) Woodford and its effects on well production. When MP is used, it can enter secondary fractures that are too narrow and restricted for even conventional small proppant, such as 100-mesh sand, to enter and prop them open during production. Descriptions of the MP, area formation, numerical modeling, production results, and offset comparisons are presented.
In unconventional formations, communication between the secondary fracture network, which includes natural fractures and secondary fractures propagated during stimulation, and the wellbore is crucial for improved well production. Perhaps the most difficult objective to accomplish when treating unconventional formations is not just enhancing the number of secondary fractures opened, but increasing the number of those secondary fractures that remain open over a long period of time. During stimulation treatments, MP is pumped during the initial pad stages so it can enter the secondary fractures that are propagated, and keep them open when pressure on the formation is relieved during production.
An analysis of treatments conducted within the Woodford play, and associated numerical modeling, demonstrated the presence of pressure dependent leakoff (PDL), low stress anisotropy, and high net pressures as indications of reservoir complexity. Because of the predicted fracture complexity, a smaller proppant is necessary to prop the narrower secondary fractures. As a result, a series of field trials were conducted to examine the effectiveness of MP for enhancing well production. Comparisons are made between wells where MP was used and offset well production to demonstrate such impact. A description of treatment designs used is also presented for comparison. The wells where MP was pumped during the initial pad stages of stimulation treatments demonstrated significant production uplift compared to offset wells. Additionally, MP demonstrated a secondary benefit, which indirectly manifests in net treating pressure. PDL is believed to be a major contributor to excessively high treating pressures and screenouts in the area. Because the particle size of the MP enables better access to the narrower secondary fracture network, it also reduces entry friction associated with PDL. Such reduction has led to lower treating pressures, which subsequently has improved placement efficiency of stimulation treatments.
THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS COMPLICATIONS AFTER HIP REPLACEMENTV
Authors: Komarov R. N. , Mitrofanov V. N. , Novikov A. V. , Korolev S. B. 
Published: January 2017

Purpose of the study – to estimate the effectiveness of periprosthetic infection of the hip using different modifications of spacers. Material and methods. The authors analyzed treatment outcomes of 168 patients with clinical and laboratory signs of infection after hip replacement. Patients were divided into two groups: 87 patients (control group) underwent a standard two-stage revision hip joint arthroplasty with a spacer; 81 patients (test group) underwent preoperative examination procedure suggested by authors that was the basis for future selection of surgical technique using various spacers and customized follow up treatment. Results. The authors observed in test group a marked reduction of microbial contamination of periprosthetic tissue: 1 month after spacer implantation the test group features four times less pathogens as compared to control group. Need for re-revision was decreased by 1.8 times, twofold decrease in need for spacer revision after secondary examination, 1,4 less duration of hospital stay and 1,8 less disability duration was observed as compared to outcomes in control group after standard treatment approach. Functional outcomes of patients in test group in 6 months after secondary examination in regard of infectious complication after hip replacement were characterized by better Harris Hip scores as compared to control group. 6-12 months after revision the patients of test group were 1.3 times less reporting limitations of functional activity, twice less using support means and 2.2 times less needed pain medication. Conclusion. Complex treatment that includes preoperative examination, evaluation of bone defect volume, algorithm of choosing the antibiotic spacer type and its implantation technique as well as customized postoperative follow up treatment was proved to be efficient and results in stable eradication of chronic suppurative inflammation.
Vegetación de la Sierra Madre Occidental, México: una síntesis
Authors: González-Elizondo M. Socorro , González-Elizondo Martha , Tena-Flores J. A. , Ruacho-González Lizeth , López-Enríquez I. Lorena 
Published: January 2017

La Sierra Madre Occidental (SMO) es el complejo montañoso más grande de México, extendiéndose por casi 1200 km desde el noreste de Sonora (30°35' N) hasta el norte de Jalisco (21°00' N). A pesar de su gran importancia ambiental y económica, es todavía deficientemente conocida. Se presenta una sinopsis de los tipos de vegetación, con datos sobre la superficie que ocupan las comunidades reconocidas, intervalos de elevación y climas donde se localizan, así como un mapa. En la zona confluyen tres regiones, albergando ecosistemas templados y semifríos (región Madrense), semiáridos (Madrense-Xerófila) y cálido-secos (Tropical), respectivamente. La región Madrense, en el macizo de la sierra, incluye bosque de pino, bosque mixto de coníferas, bosque de pino-encino, bosque de encino y manchones de bosque mesófilo de montaña, además de comunidades como chaparral (primario y secundario) y vegetación de claros de bosque. La región Madrense-Xerófila, en el piedemonte norte y oriental y estribaciones al oriente de la sierra, presenta bosque bajo abierto (de encino o de pino-encino), matorral perennifolio y zonas de ecotonía hacia pastizal y matorral xerófilo, además de ecotonías con matorral subtropical hacia el sur del Archipiélago Madrense. En la región Tropical, a lo largo de la base occidental de la sierra e ingresando a esta a través de las barrancas y quebradas, predomina bosque tropical caducifolio y matorral subtropical, con pequeñas áreas de bosque tropical subcaducifolio. La alta diversidad de la SMO se ejemplifica con los tres géneros dominantes fisonómicamente en la vegetación: 24 especies de Pinus (46% del total nacional), 54 de Quercus (34%) y 7 de Arbutus (100%).