bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Olaparib protects cardiomyocytes against oxidative stress and improves graft contractility during the early phase after heart transplantation in rats
Authors: Korkmaz‐Icöz Sevil , Szczesny Bartosz , Marcatti Michela , Li Shiliang , Ruppert Mihály , Lasitschka Felix , Loganathan Sivakkanan , Szabó Csaba , Szabó Gábor 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackground and PurposeOlaparib, rucaparib and niraparib, potent inhibitors of poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) are approved as anti‐cancer drugs in humans. Considering the previously demonstrated role of PARP in various forms of acute and chronic myocardial injury, we tested the effects of olaparib inin‐vitromodels of oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes, and in anin vivomodel of cardiac transplantation.Experimental ApproachH9c2‐embryonic rat heart‐derived myoblasts pretreated with vehicle or olaparib (10μM) were challenged with either hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or with glucose oxidase (GOx, which generates H2O2in the tissue culture medium). Cell viability assays (MTT, lactate dehydrogenase) and Western blotting for PARP and its product, PAR was performed.Heterotopic heart transplantation was performed in Lewis rats; recipients were treated either with vehicle or olaparib (10 mg kg‐1). Left ventricular function of transplanted hearts was monitored via a Millar catheter. Multiple gene expression in the graft was measured by qPCR.Key ResultsOlaparib blocked autoPARylation of PARP1 and attenuated the rapid onset of death in H9c2 cells, induced by H2O2, but did not affect cell death following chronic, prolonged oxidative stress induced by GOx. In rats, after transplantation, left ventricular systolic and diastolic function were improved by olaparib. In the transplanted hearts, olaparib also reduced gene expression for c‐jun, caspase‐12, catalase, and NADPH oxidase‐2.Conclusions and ImplicationsOlaparib protected cardiomyocytes against oxidative stress and improved graft contractility in a rat model of heart transplantation. These findings raise the possibility of repurposing this clinically approved oncology drug, to be used in heart transplantation.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Inventing New Therapies Without Reinventing the Wheel: The Power of Drug Repurposing. To view the other articles in this section visithttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.2/issuetoc
Sexism in Childhood and Adolescence: Recent Trends and Advances in Research
Authors: Leaper Campbell , Brown Christia Spears 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSexism in many Western, technological‐industrial societies is expressed in more complex ways in the 21st century than it was in the past. Cultural shifts have led to much progress toward gender equality, but narrow definitions of gender expression continue to be reinforced. Developmental research has highlighted the continued impact of sexism on children's and adolescents’ development. In this article, we review recent work on sexism in three areas: gender identity and expression, gender disparities in academic achievement, and sexual harassment and sexualized gender stereotypes. We conclude with suggestions for research.
Understanding Processes of Peer Clique Influence in Late Childhood and Early Adolescence
Authors: Ellis Wendy E. , Zarbatany Lynne 
Published: August 2017

AbstractCliques, or groups of peers who interact frequently, are a key social context during childhood and adolescence, providing safety and preferential access to resources. Membership in cliques influences behavior and adjustment, but little is known about the processes by which these influences occur. In this article, we identify putative self and clique socialization processes that may account for greater similarity among clique members over time. Greater adherence to clique norms occurs when members are uncertain about their membership or have limited access to valued clique resources, and when cliques control more resources and are more cohesive. We speculate about other clique influence processes, including those that support children's attempts to distinguish themselves from cliquemates. Understanding clique influence processes can inform efforts to help children and youth resist the negative influences of cliques while protecting the benefits of membership.
How Do Parents Foster Young Children's Math Skills?
Authors: Elliott Leanne , Bachman Heather J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIdentifying the factors that foster math learning during early childhood is crucial given strong associations between these early skills and later school success. Despite theoretical arguments that the home environment and parents’ practices could support children's math abilities, little research addresses this possibility, especially compared to the breadth of research addressing literacy practices in the home. In this article, we review the literature on how the home numeracy environment may relate to children's math skills and argue that more methodological rigor is needed in these measures. Specifically, we highlight potential alternative dimensions of parents’ math practices beyond the conventional distinction between formal and informal activities, and we discuss directions for investigation. We argue that improving measures of the home numeracy environment may help resolve the mixed pattern of findings in the literature and further support the development of math skills in early childhood.
Modeling and Exploring Co‐variations in the Geometry and Configuration of Man‐made 3D Shape Families
Authors: Laga Hamid , Tabia Hedi 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe introduce co‐variation analysis as a tool for modeling the way part geometries and configurations co‐vary across a family of man‐made 3D shapes. While man‐made 3D objects exhibit large geometric and structural variations, the geometry, structure, and configuration of their individual components usually do not vary independently from each other but in a correlated fashion. The size of the body of an airplane, for example, constrains the range of deformations its wings can undergo to ensure that the entire object remains a functionally‐valid airplane. These co‐variation constraints, which are often non‐linear, can be either physical, and thus they can be explicitly enumerated, or implicit to the design and style of the shape family. In this article, we propose a data‐driven approach, which takes pre‐segmented 3D shapes with known component‐wise correspondences and learns how various geometric and structural properties of their components co‐vary across the set. We demonstrate, using a variety of 3D shape families, the utility of the proposed co‐variation analysis in various applications including 3D shape repositories exploration and shape editing where the propagation of deformations is guided by the co‐variation analysis. We also show that the framework can be used for context‐guided orientation of objects in 3D scenes.
GWCNN: A Metric Alignment Layer for Deep Shape Analysis
Authors: Ezuz Danielle , Solomon Justin , Kim Vladimir G. , Ben-Chen Mirela 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDeep neural networks provide a promising tool for incorporating semantic information in geometry processing applications. Unlike image and video processing, however, geometry processing requires handling unstructured geometric data, and thus data representation becomes an important challenge in this framework. Existing approaches tackle this challenge by converting point clouds, meshes, or polygon soups into regular representations using, e.g., multi‐view images, volumetric grids or planar parameterizations. In each of these cases, geometric data representation is treated as a fixed pre‐process that is largely disconnected from the machine learning tool. In contrast, we propose to optimize for the geometric representation during the network learning process using a novel metric alignment layer. Our approach maps unstructured geometric data to a regular domain by minimizing the metric distortion of the map using the regularized Gromov–Wasserstein objective. This objective is parameterized by the metric of the target domain and is differentiable; thus, it can be easily incorporated into a deep network framework. Furthermore, the objective aims to align the metrics of the input and output domains, promoting consistent output for similar shapes. We show the effectiveness of our layer within a deep network trained for shape classification, demonstrating state‐of‐the‐art performance for nonrigid shapes.
Restricting Voronoi diagrams to meshes using corner validation
Authors: Sainlot M. , Nivoliers V. , Attali D. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractRestricted Voronoi diagrams are a fundamental geometric structure used in many applications such as surface reconstruction from point sets or optimal transport. Given a set of sites V = {vk}nk=1 ⊂ ℝd and a mesh X with vertices in ℝd connected by triangles, the restricted Voronoi diagram partitions X by computing for each site the portion of X for which the site is the nearest. The restricted Voronoi diagram is the intersection between the regular Voronoi diagram and the mesh. Depending on the site distribution or the ambient space dimension computing the regular Voronoi diagram may not be feasible using classical algorithms. In this paper, we extend Lévy and Bonneel's approach [LB12] based on nearest neighbor queries. We show that their method is limited when the sites are not located on X. We propose a new algorithm for computing restricted Voronoi which reduces the number of sites considered for each triangle of the mesh and scales smoothly when the sites are far from the surface.
A Dirac Operator for Extrinsic Shape Analysis
Authors: Liu Hsueh‐Ti Derek , Jacobson Alec , Crane Keenan 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe eigenfunctions and eigenvalues of the Laplace‐Beltrami operator have proven to be a powerful tool for digital geometry processing, providing a description of geometry that is essentially independent of coordinates or the choice of discretization. However, since Laplace‐Beltrami is purely intrinsic it struggles to capture important phenomena such as extrinsic bending, sharp edges, and fine surface texture. We introduce a new extrinsic differential operator called the relative Dirac operator, leading to a family of operators with a continuous trade‐off between intrinsic and extrinsic features. Previous operators are either fully or partially intrinsic. In contrast, the proposed family spans the entire spectrum: from completely intrinsic (depending only on the metric) to completely extrinsic (depending only on the Gauss map). By adding an infinite potential well to this (or any) operator we can also robustly handle surface patches with irregular boundary. We explore use of these operators for a variety of shape analysis tasks, and study their performance relative to operators previously found in the geometry processing literature.
Deblurring and Denoising of Maps between Shapes
Authors: Ezuz Danielle , Ben-Chen Mirela 
Published: August 2017

AbstractShape correspondence is an important and challenging problem in geometry processing. Generalized map representations, such as functional maps, have been recently suggested as an approach for handling difficult mapping problems, such as partial matching and matching shapes with high genus, within a generic framework. While this idea was shown to be useful in various scenarios, such maps only provide low frequency information on the correspondence. In many applications, such as texture transfer and shape interpolation, a high quality pointwise map that can transport high frequency data between the shapes is required. We name this problem map deblurring and propose a robust method, based on a smoothness assumption, for its solution. Our approach is suitable for non‐isometric shapes, is robust to mesh tessellation and accurately recovers vertex‐to‐point, or precise, maps. Using the same framework we can also handle map denoising, namely improvement of given pointwise maps from various sources. We demonstrate that our approach outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art for both deblurring and denoising of maps on benchmarks of non‐isometric shapes, and show an application to high quality intrinsic symmetry computation.
Efficacy of extensive intervention models for substance use disorders: A systematic review
Authors: Simoneau Hélène , Kamgang Ervane , Tremblay Joël , Bertrand Karine , Brochu Serge , Fleury Marie‐Josée 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIssuesDespite a growing trend towards considering addiction as a chronic disease, the development of intervention models addressing the chronicity of substance use disorder is relatively new, and no literature review on this topic is available. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the efficacy of intervention models designed within the perspective of addiction as a chronic disease and those tailored to persons with substance use disorder who revolve in and out of treatment.ApproachElectronic databases were searched to identify articles published between 2000 and 2015 reporting an empirical study of an intervention model with data on its effectiveness. Study selection, data extraction and quality appraisal were performed independently by two reviewers.Key FindingsThe selection process yielded 16 studies meeting all the inclusion criteria. The intervention models were classified into four groups according to the duration, frequency and components of the interventions. In general, the models showed potential therapeutic effects. The outcomes tended to be positive immediately after the end of the treatment. However, months after, the benefits obtained during treatment did not persist.Implications and Conclusion.The review highlights that models designed specifically for persons with multiple treatment re‐entries are scarce, but promising. Further research is needed to determine the best match between the clinical profile of persons with substance use disorder and a model's components, intensity and duration. [Simoneau H, Kamgang E, Tremblay J, Bertrand K, Brochu S, FleuryM‐J. Efficacy of extensive interventionmodels for substance use disorders: A systematic review. Drug Alcohol Rev 2017;00:000‐000]
Coronary artery disease and risk of adverse cardiac events and stroke
Authors: Olesen Kevin Kris Warnakula , Madsen Morten , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Egholm Gro , Thim Troels , Jensen Lisette Okkels , Raungaard Bent , Nielsen Jens Cosedis , Bøtker Hans Erik , Sørensen Henrik Toft , Maeng Michael 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundPatients with acute myocardial infarction are at increased risk of ischaemic stroke. Previous myocardial infarction is an important part of risk assessment for ischaemic stroke. However, there is a lack of information regarding the association between the severity and extent of coronary artery disease and long‐term risk of ischaemic stroke.Materials and methodsA cohort study of coronary angiographies performed in western Denmark from 1 January 2003 to 31 December 2012. Patients were stratified according to the number of vessels affected by obstructive coronary artery disease (lumen narrowing ≥50%) at the time of angiography: zero‐, one‐, two‐ or three‐vessel disease and diffuse vessel disease. We followed patients for a maximum of 7 years. Endpoints were all‐cause death, cardiac death, myocardial infarction and ischaemic stroke. Cumulative risks and crude and adjusted rate ratios were estimated.ResultsThe study population included 78 195 patients. Of these, 32 061 (41·0%) had zero‐vessel disease, 6205 (7·9%) had diffuse vessel disease, 20 202 (25·8%) had one‐vessel disease, 10 675 (13·7%) had two‐vessel disease, and 9038 (11·6%) had three‐vessel disease. Median follow‐up was 3·6 years (interquartile range 1·7–6·0 years). Increasing severity of obstructive coronary artery disease was associated with an increasing risk of all‐cause death, cardiac death, myocardial infarction (MI) and ischaemic stroke during follow‐up.ConclusionsThe presence and extent of coronary artery disease was associated with an incremental risk of not only death, cardiac death, myocardial infarction, but also ischaemic stroke over a 7‐year period.
Neurotoxicosis in horses associated with consumption of Trema micrantha
Authors: Lorenzett M. P. , Pereira P. R. , Bassuino D. M. , Konradt G. , Panziera W. , Bianchi M. V. , Argenta F. F. , Hammerschmitt M. E. , Caprioli R. A. , de Barros C. S. L. , Pavarini S. P. , Driemeier D. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryBackgroundTrema micrantha is a tree widely distributed throughout the Americas. The tree produces highly palatable leaves that have been associated with natural poisoning in goats, sheep and horses, in which hepatic necrosis and hepatic encephalopathy have been observed.ObjectivesThis study describes malacia and haemorrhage in the central nervous system (CNS) due to T. micrantha consumption, with minimal to absent hepatic lesions.Study designRetrospective case series.MethodsA total of 14 horses with a history of neurological signs and spontaneous consumption of T. micrantha leaves were submitted to necropsy and multiple samples were collected for histopathology. Details of clinical history and signs of the horses were obtained through inquiries to the owners and attending veterinarians.ResultsAll the 14 horses had neurological signs of ataxia, severe sialorrhoea, involuntary running movements, sternal and lateral recumbency, and death after a clinical course that lasted from 24 h to 9 days. For a few days prior to onset of clinical signs, all horses had spontaneously consumed, potentially toxic doses of T. micrantha leaves. All 14 brains had diffuse yellowish discoloration affecting the rhombencephalon, mesencephalon, diencephalon, telencephalon and corpus striatum. In all cases, the most severe lesions were observed in the pons. Spinal cord lesions were observed affecting the lumbar intumescence, which was swollen with darken and depressed areas at the dorsal and ventral horns, and at the sacral level, which on cut surface displayed a friable and yellowish grey matter. The lesions observed grossly in brain and spinal cord consisted microscopically of severe vasculitis and liquefactive necrosis of white and grey matter of the brainstem, cerebellum and spinal cord.Main limitationsThis is a small retrospective series relying on clinical observations reported by owners and attending veterinarians. The mechanism of action of the plant toxin in the CNS is still unidentified.ConclusionT. micrantha poisoning in horses causes predominantly a neurological disease, with minimal to absent hepatic lesions.
Managing the accountability–autonomy tensions in university research commercialisation
Authors: Narayan Anil K. , Northcott Deryl , Parker Lee D. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis article investigates organisational responses to emerging concerns about how accountability–autonomy tensions can be managed within the context of university research commercialisation. The findings suggest that changed expectations of university research practices, which result from the introduction of a commercialisation logic, can be managed via the homogenisation of research goals and strategies. The successful management of accountability–autonomy tensions also depends on utilising the various structures and cultural contexts that can be facilitated by decoupling and bridging strategies. Further, while adopting symbolic systems may enhance legitimacy, failure to implement material practices and provide the appropriate cultural context to manage conflicting relationships may put university commercialisation ambitions at risk.
The interplay of climate and land use change affects the distribution of EU bumblebees
Authors: Marshall Leon , Biesmeijer Jacobus C. , Rasmont Pierre , Vereecken Nicolas J. , Dvorak Libor , Fitzpatrick Una , Francis Frédéric , Neumayer Johann , Ødegaard Frode , Paukkunen Juho P. T. , Pawlikowski Tadeusz , Reemer Menno , Roberts Stuart P.M. , Straka Jakub , Vray Sarah , Dendoncker Nicolas 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBumblebees in Europe have been in steady decline since the 1900s. This decline is expected to continue with climate change as the main driver. However, at the local scale, land use and land cover (LULC) change strongly affects the occurrence of bumblebees. At present, LULC change is rarely included in models of future distributions of species. This study's objective is to compare the roles of dynamic LULC change and climate change on the projected distribution patterns of 48 European bumblebee species for three change scenarios until 2100 at the scales of Europe, and Belgium, Netherlands and Luxembourg (BENELUX). We compared three types of models: (1) only climate covariates, (2) climate and static LULC covariates and (3) climate and dynamic LULC covariates. The climate and LULC change scenarios used in the models include, extreme growth applied strategy (GRAS), business as might be usual and sustainable European development goals. We analysed model performance, range gain/loss and the shift in range limits for all bumblebees. Overall, model performance improved with the introduction of LULC covariates. Dynamic models projected less range loss and gain than climate‐only projections, and greater range loss and gain than static models. Overall, there is considerable variation in species responses and effects were most pronounced at the BENELUX scale. The majority of species were predicted to lose considerable range, particularly under the extreme growth scenario (GRAS; overall mean: 64% ± 34). Model simulations project a number of local extinctions and considerable range loss at the BENELUX scale (overall mean: 56% ± 39). Therefore, we recommend species‐specific modelling to understand how LULC and climate interact in future modelling. The efficacy of dynamic LULC change should improve with higher thematic and spatial resolution. Nevertheless, current broad scale representations of change in major land use classes impact modelled future distribution patterns.
Tensions in perspectives on suicide prevention between men who have attempted suicide and their support networks: Secondary analysis of qualitative data
Authors: Fogarty Andrea S. , Spurrier Michael , Player Michael J. , Wilhelm Kay , Whittle Erin L. , Shand Fiona , Christensen Helen , Proudfoot Judith 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundMen generally have higher rates of suicide, despite fewer overt indicators of risk. Differences in presentation and response suggest a need to better understand why suicide prevention is less effective for men.ObjectiveTo explore the views of at‐risk men, friends and family about the tensions inherent in suicide prevention and to consider how prevention may be improved.DesignSecondary analysis of qualitative interview and focus group data, using thematic analysis techniques, alongside bracketing, construction and contextualisation.Setting and participantsA total of 35 men who had recently made a suicide attempt participated in interviews, and 47 family and friends of men who had made a suicide attempt took part in focus groups. Participants recounted their experiences with men's suicide attempts and associated interventions, and suggested ways in which suicide prevention may be improved.ResultsFive tensions in perspectives emerged between men and their support networks, which complicated effective management of suicide risk: (i) respecting privacy vs monitoring risk, (ii) differentiating normal vs risky behaviour changes, (iii) familiarity vs anonymity in personal information disclosure, (iv) maintaining autonomy vs imposing constraints to limit risk, and (v) perceived need for vs failures of external support services.ConclusionTension between the different perspectives increased systemic stress, compounding problems and risk, thereby decreasing the effectiveness of detection of and interventions for men at risk of suicide. Suggested solutions included improving risk communication, reducing reliance on single source supports and increasing intervention flexibility in response to individual needs.