bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
„Das Geheimnis“: Resümee einer kommunikationstheoretisch geleiteten Funktionsanalyse
Authors: Westerbarkey Joachim 
Published: November 2016

Summary
Secret is not only a topic of communication science that has been neglected for a long time, but it may stand also as a code for the method of gaining knowledge in communication “ex contrario”. Thereby it proves that communication is regulated more by interests in pleasure and relationships than in certain contents (the priority of which many scholars still impute). Georg Simmel already analyses the immanent communicative character of secrets, their relevance to relationships, and their dialectical relation to publicity. However his fundamental understandings are modified subsequently in part, they are approved generally in several sciences, from the viewpoint of ethological, psychological, sociological or mass communication research, as well as with functional or critical intentions.
Fernsehnachrichten und Bundestagswahl 1980
Authors: Gemmeren Viktor van , Pöttker Horst , Schüler Andrea 
Published: November 2016

Summary
It has often been claimed that in the Federal Republic of Germany the television under public law is heavily influenced by the established political parties. To further clarify this hypothesis, the main news programs of ARD and ZDF were analyzed for a period around the parliament elections in 1980. We found that the former government parties SPD and FDP were mentioned in about every fourth news item, whereas the former opposition parties CDU/CSU were referred to in about every sixth. These parties were usually mentioned in a positive context. Especially the ZDF showed the balanced reporting, which has been claimed by the parties. Furthermore, the selection of topics for the news programs strongly supports the hypothesis that the television is controlled by the established political parties: before the elections, reports about environmental pollution and unemployment were rarer and more superficial than reports on vindicatory topics (Eastern Europe). Whether and why this that changed, requires further investigation.
La Science du droit de l’information en Espagne
Authors: Soria Carlos 
Published: November 2016

Summary
The starting point of the Science of Communication Law in Spain can be situated in 1973. That year, Communication Law was taught for the first time in three University Schools of Journalism. Between 1973 and 1978 we can underline doctrinal efforts with a view towards firmly establishing this new field, especially those of Professors Conesa, Desantes, Fernández Areal, Gómez Reino, Gorostiaga, Molinero, Quadra Salcedo, Sánchez Ferris and Soria. Professor Desante’s works stand out for their depth, extension and originality. Between 1979 and 1985, after the promulgation of the new Spanish Constitution, some 150 monographical studies have been published. The central idea dominating the Spanish doctrine is the consideration of communication as a human right which seeks to freely develop all its virtualities. This approach is far removed from any type of instrumental configuration of communication - as power or as a technique for domination - as well as from a sociological point of view.
A Quantitative Analysis of Worldwide VCR Penetration
Authors: Lin Carolyn 
Published: November 2016

Summary
Recently, video cassette recorders have become a popular product in many nations around the world. However, the reasons for this global video boom are largely unknown. There appear to be many potentially uneven factors associated with the diffusion of video cassette recorders worldwide. The current study attempts to assess the relationship between all of these potential factors and the penetration of video cassette recorders across sixty-three countries. The overall statistical results generated through hypothesis testing suggest that a number of national policy, domestic economic, national media system and media infrastructure factors are relatively important predictors for the spread of video cassette recorders across industrialized as well as less industrialized states.
Meinungsbildner und Multiplikatoren
Authors: Braehmer Uwe 
Published: November 2016

Summary
Exceptionel, social functions of readerships make a readership analysis of two communication professional magazines most interesting. The readers are journalists and public relations experts. The subscribers were asked in written form in two structural surveys as to their reading habits and estimation of the topics with regard to the professional magazines „Journalist“ and „PR Magazin“. The first one is the official publication of the German Organization of Journalists DJV, the second is published in close cooperation with the German Public Relations Society DPRG. The data concerning a normal structural survey of the readers is upgraded because professional magazines were examined which are made by respectively created with the assistance of two recognized professional institutions. It gives the possibility to get some information about journalists and public relations experts who are the opinion leader in Germany.
Hörerforschung bei Radio Liberty
Authors: Scheuch Erwin K. 
Published: November 2016

Summary
In its research procedures Radio Liberty follows the same basic scheme that Deming und Pool also designed for Radio Free Europe in 1945. As it is impossible to conduct audience research in the target area USSR itself, visitors from the Soviet Union in the West are used as a substitute sample. A form of stratification-after-sampling is used to correct the selectivity of these visitors. Usually the sample size is 4,000 to 5,000. Crucial for the ability to generalize from the visitors to the population of the USSR in general are weighting procedures. The main difficulty is the lack of detailed statistics from Soviet sources. Surveys show that the citizens of the Soviet Union have little knowledge about everyday life in the West. The prevailing attitude towards Western life is ambivalence. The strong dissatisfaction with life conditions in the USSR must, however, not be interpreted as an option for Western life. It is rather a criticism of the bad management of one’s own system. Findings show that the prevailing adjustment to the irritations of everyday life take the character of privatisation, lack of incentive in public, sometime personal disorganisation, more often religiousness, and above all, pride in the international power of the Soviet Union.
Les Radios locales privées en France au travers de l’exemple du département de la Gironde. (1976 – 1986
Authors: Cheval Jean-Jacques 
Published: November 2016

Summary
The development of the private local radios in Gironde, as at the national level, is done in a legislative context altered on several occasions but which is never used. The social phenomenon, marginal and claimant of the „free radios“ offering an anarchic character rediscovers quickly its proper laws of regulation which are essentially economic. At the experiences of associatives radios succeed the experiences of business radios with a very clear tendency at the concentration by the integration of the radios in national networks. We have to reflect on the reason which have permitted a such evolution so distant from the initial hopes.
Biographisches Material in Tageszeitungen
Authors: Müller Helmut-Gerhard 
Published: November 2016

Summary The essay deals with an article portraying interviewees taken out of twenty qualitative analyses. The examination bears on:
1. how journalists make use of biographical material; 2. which impression biographical material leaves on readers and interviewees, and 3. the fact that virtual interests and motives of recipients of interviewees are often unsufficiently taken into account by journalists.
Vortrag: Gesundheitskultur im Alltag: Sprachloses Leid. Zur existentiellen Dimension von Kommunikation
Authors: Gottschlich Maximilian , Haaren Marion von 
Published: November 2016

Zusammenfassung
Das Leitthema Gesundheit und Lebensstil wurde aus unterschiedlichen Blickwinkeln diskutiert. Hierbei wurde darauf hingewiesen, daß die Non-Kommunikation der Bereiche Leid und Tod nicht allein für die Erklärung bestimmter Lebensstile ausreichend sei, sondern daß sich Lebensstile auch durch Lebenschancen bzw. soziale Verhältnisse, die ungleich sind und Leid fördern, determinieren. Aus dieser Perspektive würden Medien eher verstärkend in Richtung individueller Isolation wirken, die durch Sprachlosigkeit gekennzeichnet sei. Differenziert man im Bereich Gesundheitsinformation nach Primär- und Sekundärprävention, seien gerade in Fragen der Primärprävention die Medien gefordert, diesbezüglich Informationen zu übermitteln, um entsprechende Lebensstile zu fördern. Hierbei sei die mediale Massenkommunikation alleine jedoch nicht ausreichend, sondern es bedürfe zusätzlich einer personalen Kommunikation/Beratung.
Vortrag: Keine Medikation ohne Kommunikation
Authors: Stoffers Manfred , Schüller Heidi 
Published: November 2016

Zusammenfassung
Zu Beginn der Diskussion wurde das unterschiedliche Verständnis des Begriffs „Heilung“ in der allgemeinen Gesundheitsdiskussion bemängelt. Gilt „Heilung“ in den Augen des Patienten als Genesung von einer Krankheit und Abstinenz vom Arzt, versteht der Mediziner unter „Heilung“ einen Behandlungsversuch mit mehr oder weniger unklarem Ausgang- bestenfalls den Stillstand eines Krankheitsverlaufes.
Beim Informationstransport bezüglich der Wirkung von Medikamenten wurde auf die grundsätzliche Trennung von verscheibungspflichtigen und nicht-verschreibungspflichtigen Medikamenten (OTC-Präparate) hingewiesen. Im Bereich der verschreibungspflichtigen Medikamente ist Werbung untersagt. Allerdings gebe es vielfältige Informationträger in diesem Bereich, wie z.B. Beipackzettel, regelmäßige Publikationen der Krankenkassen etc., deren Aufklärungspotential noch unzureichend genützt werde. Bei OTC-Präparaten sei eine Tendenz zu erkennen, daß als Bericht aufgemachte Werbung in die redaktionellen Teile der Printmedien gelange. Der im Vortrag unterstellte Zusammenhang zwischen Werbung und erhöhter Beurteilungskompetenz beim Verbraucher wurde in Frage gestellt. Im Wettbewerb stehende Produkte müßten sicherlich beworben werden, allerdings wurde auf den besonderen Produktcharakter von Medikamenten abgehoben. Sie seien eben nicht Produkte wie Autos oder Waschmittel, sondern in Ihrer Wirkung „gefährlichere“ Mittel, als der in seiner Werbung bereits eingeschränkte Tabak oder Alkohol.
Gesundheitsfernsehen: Wartezimmer 2000
Authors: Peitzker Jörg 
Published: November 2016

Zusammenfassung der Diskussion
Zu Beginn der Diskussion wurde einhellig die Präsentation des Konzeptes als positiv eingestuft. Was den Einsatz eines derartigen Gesundheitsfernsehens im Wartebereich einer Arztpraxis angeht, wiesen mehrere Teilnehmer darauf hin, daß „Warten“ in diesem Kontext eine besondere Bedeutung habe, nämlich das sich in Ruhe Vorbereiten auf ein individuelles Arzt-Patientengespräch. Insofern sei es eher kontraproduktiv, den Patienten in dieser Vorbereitungsphase mit neuen Informationen zu versorgen und so eine Atmosphäre ständiger Unruhe zu schaffen. Dies sei die Ursache dafür, daß ähnliche Projekte im Feldversuch gescheitert seien. Auch der Einwand Peitzgers, wonach dieses Konzept geeignet sei, Gesundheitsinformationen gerade im Sinne des Kongeßthemas ohne Sickerverluste zu transportieren, konnte diesen grundsätzlichen Einwand nur wenig relativieren. Für den Zeitpunkt nach dem Arzt-Patientengespräch wurde der Einsatz neuer Medien als positiv eingeschätzt, so z.B. in Form einer Videokassette, anhand der sich der Patient Zuhause zum „Experten“ der eigenen Krankheit machen könne. Ähnliches gelte für Krankenhäuser. Es sei nicht einzusehen, daß dort lediglich das allgemeine Programm konsumiert werde und nicht ein hauseigenes Programm, über das Krankheitsbilder oder auch Inhalte über die Organisation des Hauses, Operationstechniken u.ä. transportiert werden könnte.
The Populist Tsunami of the Second Gilded Age
Authors: Formisano Ron 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe candidacies of Donald Trump and Bernie Sanders typify populist protests launched in the name of the people going back to before the American Revolution. They express, however, very different populist impulses: Trump rode a mostly reactionary populism to the Republican nomination, echoing earlier reactionaries by exploiting nativist and racial resentments and prejudice among whites while inconsistently embracing progressive policies that unsettled traditional Republicans. Sanders launched a strong challenge for the Democratic nomination but with a consistently progressive populist message. Both campaigns appealed to their supporters by coming across as “anti-establishment” and unrepresentative of politics-as-usual.
Trump’s All Too Familiar Strategy and Its Future in the GOP
Authors: Hajnal Zoltan , Abrajano Marisa 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAlthough many observers have been surprised both by the racial explicit nature of Donald Trump’s campaign and the subsequent success of that campaign, we contend that Trump’s tactics and their success are far from new. We describe how for the past half century Republicans have used race and increasingly immigration to attract white voters – especially working class whites. All of this has led to an increasingly racially polarized polity and for the most part Republican electoral success. We conclude with some expectations about the future of race, immigration, and party politics.
An Inherent Tension Within Populist Rhetoric
Authors: Bateman David , Seth Levine Adam 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPopulist rhetoric in America contains two essential features: first, a sharp critique of economic and political life and, second, a call for broader participation by the people that will set things right in response to an elite whose actions brought about contemporary problems. Past work generally assumes that the two goals inherent in this rhetoric – its educative critique and its exhortation to action – are compatible with each other. However, in this paper we argue that there is often an inherent tension between them. That is, the stronger the educative critique, the more it can actually reduce people’s likelihood of taking action. We provide several historical and contemporary examples of this pattern and then discuss a new line of research that examines it using experiments. We conclude by considering ways in which populist rhetoric can avoid the pitfall of voter disengagement.
Minoisch = Protogriechisch. Reflexionen zu den Epitheta Deorum und den Ideogrammen des Diskos von Phaistós
Authors: Neuss Ottomar 
Published: November 2016

Zusammenfassung
Als Ergänzung zu zwei in den Vorjahren veröffentlichten Beiträgen kamen neue Gesichtspunkte zur Deutung des Diskos von Phaistós hinzu. Die Codeglyphe Löwenkopf

= MA gestattet innerhalb einer umfassenden Synopse, weitere Epitheta der Göttin Hera zu identifizieren. Wiederum zeigen Bildzeichen sowohl silbischen als auch ideographischen Charakter. Bei der Federkopfglyphe erstreckt sich die Mehrwertigkeit anscheinend sogar auf ideographische und determinativische Funktion. Keilschriftliche Vorbilder dürften maßgebend gewesen sein.
Longitudinal research design in adolescent developmental research
Authors: Shek Daniel T.L. , Ng Catalina S.M. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn adolescent developmental research, cross-sectional and longitudinal research designs are commonly used. In this paper, examples of adolescent developmental research utilizing cross-sectional designs are presented and the basic attributes, strengths and weaknesses of cross-sectional designs are outlined. Besides, examples of longitudinal adolescent developmental research as well as its characteristics, advantages and pitfalls are examined. Based on this review, it is argued that longitudinal research design plays an important role in adolescent developmental research. Implications of the present review on the design of longitudinal adolescent research studies in the Chinese context are discussed.
Longitudinal adolescent studies in Mainland China: review and reflection
Authors: Shek Daniel T.L. , Li Xiang 
Published: November 2016

AbstractLongitudinal studies are important for understanding adolescent development. In this study, eight examples of longitudinal adolescent research in different fields in Mainland China were examined. The review showed that longitudinal studies in Mainland China were grossly inadequate. There were also few studies on adolescent life satisfaction, sensitive developmental issues (such as sexuality and suicide) and program evaluation. Panel study was the dominant longitudinal design but most of them did not have many time points for data collection. Most studies were based on convenience sampling and some adolescent sub-populations, while adolescents in rural areas and those with disabilities were not adequately covered. Finally, most of the tools used were self-report measures and validated measures are desperately needed.
Developing an Effective Method to Determine the Heat Transfer Model in Fish Myofibrillar Protein Paste with Computer Simulation Considering the Phase Transition on Various Dimensions
Authors: Lee Myeong Gi , Yoon Won Byong 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Numerical simulation was performed to evaluate thermal patterns of Alaska pollock (AP) surimi paste depending on the dimension and the phase transition of sol to gel during conventional water bath cooking. AP surimi paste (76 and 80 % moisture) was molded into 2, 3.5, and 5 cm cubes and heated at 90 °C. Three simulation models were developed: using average thermal properties in the cooking temperature range from 20 to 90 °C (model A); the thermal properties at the average temperature of each dimension (model B); and the thermal properties including the phase transition region of each dimension (model C). Model A showed a relatively large deviation between the simulation and experiment. Model B reflected the effect of dimension on gelation and showed better fitness (maximum RMSE=5.01 °C). The highest fitness (maximum RMSE=1.67 °C) was observed with model C reflecting both dimension difference and a phase transition.
Use of E-Portfolios in Education
Authors: Fuglík Viktor 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
E-portfolio is commonly used to support evaluation process in all forms of education. It is considered to be a very useful tool by many professional organisations, working groups, projects and it is the leading topic of many conferences and workshops. These initiatives drive the development of e-portfolio and enhance its using with new technologies in education. By their activities - studies and methodical support - initiatives directly influence governments and especially education practice. The very important result is improving frequency of using eportfolio during learning process and verification of effectiveness of the new technologies. The article offers detailed comparison of e-portfolio initiatives and shows connections and its possible application in the area of the Czech Republic.
Information System “Diagnostic” as a Tool of Action Research
Authors: Seberová Alena , Malčík Martin 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn order for schools to be able to manage the demanding tasks that are imposed on them today, they must be ready for internal transformation. This transformation cannot be driven by chance or intuition, or managed from the outside, but has to be executed on the basis of exact internal data. This data can be obtained through the methods of action research carried out at schools, with the help of the prepared information system called Diagnostic. Using long-term data gathering and processing, as well as other activities, school can become a learning organisation, which can adequately react to the changing external conditions, and constantly improve its quality.
The use of Inquiry Based Education in a Simulation Software Environment in Pre-Service ICT Teacher Training
Authors: Šimandl Václav , Vaníček Jiří 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The article deals with the possibilities of using inquiry based education methods as part of preservice ICT teacher education. The question is how this teaching method can be used within a specialised subject focused on teaching technical principles, in this case concerning the functionality of various computer networks and their components. The first task was to find appropriate software for such a method of teaching. Software simulating a computer network was chosen and modified curricula was used so that students could obtain crucial competencies for understanding networks by independently exploring them for themselves: how a prepared network operates, finding connections and formulating a written conclusion. The goal was to direct students to actively experiment with the assigned networks and research answers to the assigned questions. However, instead of simply being given outright answers, students were advised how to proceed in order to find solutions for themselves. Another aim was to familiarize future teachers with this method in the role of pupil. The data for the research was acquired from participant observation and the evaluation of the lessons via questionnaires and a group discussion on the benefits and drawbacks of this approach in the lessons in comparison with similar subjects taught traditionally. It was found that successful students started to ask questions which they were interested in and to go on inquiring to answer them. Although the students realized the benefits of the teaching approach, many of them were not prepared enough to work with this method (particularly due to the lack of knowledge of basic theoretical concepts).
The Development of Learning Competences through Wiki Tools
Authors: Froldová Vladimíra 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
This paper reports on a pre-research included in a pedagogical experiment carried out at a Secondary School in Prague. In particular, it focuses on learning outcomes and overall experience concerning the development of learning competences through the use of a wiki in Social Science lessons and realized through the content and language integrated learning (CLIL). Although the main objective of the pedagogical experiment was to enhance English communication skills, the inevitable part of the experiment was to implement wiki tools into autonomous home learning, mainly to create such a learning environment which supports English communication, and particularly to examine the wiki potential for the development of learning competences. Moreover, the pedagogical experiment was supposed to show the extent of students’ effort to create and use wiki materials for their learning and cooperation. In the first part, various aspects of implementing learning competences into the learning process are dealt. In the second part, the general concept of a wiki (wikispaces) is introduced, including the practical usage for enhancing learning competences. Followed by research questions and research methodology, where three stages of the teaching and learning process involved in the experiment are introduced, the final part of the paper deals with the outcomes and summarizes their beneficial contributions to a wiki-based pedagogy.
Didactics of Programming
Authors: Salanci Ľubomír 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Programming is as an important part of informatics at Slovak schools, and therefore we put focus on didactics of programming. We have observed various issues that are related to teaching and didactics of programming. These issues should be mastered by future teachers of informatics that we prepare at our faculty. In order to prepare future teachers we have designed a course of didactics of programming. For example, we have observed that our students - future teachers do not differentiate between levels of complexity when trying to teach various programming topics, or they skip important steps when explaining solution of a problem. We came to conclusion that it is necessary to design various activities related to teaching of programming and problem solving that allow students to collect their own practical experiences by resolving various didactical problems and to develop their critical thinking about teaching.