bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing school resilience for disaster mitigation: a confirmatory factor analysis
Authors: Dwiningrum Siti Irene Astuti 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to create a valid and fit instrument to measure school resilience, and to understand teachers’ and students’ contributions to build school resilience.

Design/methodology/approach
The construct of school resilience is adapted from Henderson and Milstein’s (2003) concept regarding two factors: mitigating risk factor in environment and building resilience in the environment. Senior high school teachers and students in a disaster-prone area in Indonesia were chosen as the sample using purposive sampling technique.

Findings
The results of this research are that the instrument is considered as good, valid, reliable, and fit for measuring the students’ and the teachers’ contributions in building school resilience; and the results of the confirmatory factor analysis test of the hypothesized model of school resilience of teachers and students in a disaster-prone area are in line with the empirical data. Based on the analysis of the value of the major loading factors, teachers and students show different contributions. In building school resilience for disaster mitigation, teachers begin by mitigating risk factor in the environment whereas students tend to give a priority to build resilience in the environment.

Practical implications
The results of this study are applicable to develop school resilience on disaster mitigation, and the instrument of the research provides a practical contribution to broader research scope, in terms of different population, school level, socio-cultural background, and disaster-prone area.

Originality/value
This study presents reliable instrument to measure teachers and students’ contribution in building school resilience. This study also sought to understand the different contributions shown by teachers and students in building school resilience for disaster mitigation.
African portfolio entrepreneurship and the creation of jobs
Authors: Malfense Fierro Antonio Cornelius , Noble David , Hatem Omaima , Balunywa Waswa 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to focus on large-scale portfolio entrepreneurship and its impact on the creation of stable wage employment in African economies.

Design/methodology/approach
The three studies focussed on Egypt, Uganda, and Malawi were all exploratory, inductive, and qualitative studies, which involved semi-structured interviews with 65 entrepreneurial founders of some of these countries’ most prominent business portfolios between 2009 and 2012. The data were collected through face-to-face interviews, which lasted between one and four hours, with the founders of each of these portfolios.

Findings
This inductive and qualitative study finds a connection between the creation of stable wage-paying jobs and portfolio entrepreneurship in three countries, representing three of the four different archetypal African economies. It also finds a strong connection between the development of new industries and portfolio entrepreneurship.

Practical implications
The practical and societal implications of these findings are incredibly important. The current and looming shortage of stable wage employment in Africa is reaching calamitous proportions. The growth in religion-affiliated terrorism and high-risk economic migration to Europe can be directly related to the lack of employment opportunities in African nations. The findings indicate that portfolio entrepreneurs are major players in the creation of such employment opportunities and government policies focussing on this area, as compared to focussing solely on SMEs, may be more effective in mitigating some of the drivers for emigration and terrorism.

Originality/value
This is the only study of its kind that investigates the role of large-scale portfolio entrepreneurship in the growth of employment opportunities in Africa.
A qualitative analysis of capital budgeting in cotton ginning plants
Authors: Lima Afonso Carneiro , da Silveira José Augusto Giesbrecht , Matos Fátima Regina Ney , Xavier André Moura 
Published: June 2017

PurposeTo analyze capital budgeting practice in a group of small cotton ginning firms in Brazil. The study aims at describing how investment decision-making in the agribusiness context may be influenced by heuristics and by the business setting.Design/methodology/approachThis research adopted an exploratory and qualitative approach in gauging the practice of capital budgeting in Brazilian cotton ginning firms and discussing actual managerial decision-making. Data collection involved interviews with managers of ten different firms and a further content analysis was performed.FindingsResults reveal a practical managerial approach aimed at ensuring satisfactory net operating results in the short run. Sophistication in capital budgeting is not considered as essential, as institutional and strategic environment influences directly affect impose high risks. Investment decision-making is highly influenced by managerial experience.Research limitations/implicationsBecause of the chosen research approach, results may lack generalizability. However, in addressing a specific sector in a specific location, one can identify and craft strategies in response to managerial needs more effectively.Practical implicationsThe paper clarifies how heuristics, managerial experience and the institutional context may influence investment decision-making in cotton ginning operations. It also suggests how actions aimed at evaluating risk and improving the screening of investment perspectives could contribute to improve investment decisions.Originality/valueThe paper provides an in-depth perspective in addressing the practice of capital budgeting in the context of a specific activity and describing key issues related to it.
Optimal duration of fasting period after endoscopic submucosal dissection for gastric epithelial neoplasia: A prospective evaluation
Authors: Oh Kwang Hoon , Lee Sang Jin , Park Jong Kyu 
Published: June 2017

OBJECTIVEThere are currently no standardized guidelines for adequately determining the fasting period following gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). The aim of this study was to determine the appropriate fasting period.METHODSThe enrolled patients were randomized into a short and a long‐fasting group. In the short‐fasting group, patients had fasted until the day after the ESD. In the long‐fasting group, patients had fasted until 2 days after the ESD. A second‐look endoscopy was performed immediately prior to starting to eat meals. The primary end‐point was the measurement of discomfort‐related ESD after starting meals such as epigastric pain, heartburn, regurgitation, nausea and vomiting. Secondary end‐points included the bleeding rate after starting meals, hospital stay, patient satisfaction and hemostasis upon second‐look endoscopy.RESULTSWe analyzed data from 101 of 110 randomized patients. Both groups demonstrated similar baseline characteristics. There were no significant differences in reports of epigastric pain, heartburn, regurgitation, nausea and vomiting after starting meals. Both groups demonstrated similar hemostasis rates upon second‐look endoscopy (26% vs 31.4%, P = 0.551) and bleeding rate (4% vs 0%, P = 0.149). The duration of hospital stay was significantly shorter in the short‐fasting group (4.3 days vs 5.1 days, P < 0.001), and patient satisfaction was greater (P = 0.003) than in the long‐fasting group.CONCLUSIONSA short fasting protocol does not cause discomfort related to ESD or influence post‐ESD bleeding. Moreover, the short fasting protocol results in shorter hospital stays and greater patient satisfaction.
Bioelectroventing: an electrochemical‐assisted bioremediation strategy for cleaning‐up atrazine‐polluted soils
Authors: Domínguez‐Garay Ainara , Quejigo Jose Rodrigo , Dörfler Ulrike , Schroll Reiner , Esteve‐Núñez Abraham 
Published: June 2017

SummaryThe absence of suitable terminal electron acceptors (TEA) in soil might limit the oxidative metabolism of environmental microbial populations. Bioelectroventing is a bioelectrochemical strategy that aims to enhance the biodegradation of a pollutant in the environment by overcoming the electron acceptor limitation and maximizing metabolic oxidation. Microbial electroremediating cells (MERCs) are devices that can perform such a bioelectroventing. We also report an overall profile of the 14C‐ATR metabolites and 14C mass balance in response to the different treatments. The objective of this work was to use MERC principles, under different configurations, to stimulate soil bacteria to achieve the complete biodegradation of the herbicide 14C‐atrazine (ATR) to 14CO2 in soils. Our study concludes that using electrodes at a positive potential [+600 mV (versus Ag/AgCl)] ATR mineralization was enhanced by 20‐fold when compared to natural attenuation in electrode‐free controls. Furthermore, ecotoxicological analysis of the soil after the bioelectroventing treatment revealed an effective clean‐up in < 20 days. The impact of electrodes on soil bioremediation suggests a promising future for this emerging environmental technology.
Efficacy of self‐adjusting file, XP‐endo finisher and passive ultrasonic irrigation on the removal of calcium hydroxide paste from an artificial standardized groove
Authors: Kfir Anda , Blau‐Venezia Nuphar , Goldberger Tomer , Abramovitz Itzhak , Wigler Ronald 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of self‐adjusting file (SAF), XP‐endo finisher (XP), passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) and conventional syringe and needle irrigation (SNI) in the removal of Ca(OH)2 from an artificial groove. Eighty mandibular incisors with single oval canals were prepared to size 40/0.04 and split longitudinally. A standardised groove was prepared in the apical third and filled with Ca(OH)2. The root halves were reassembled and divided into two control groups (n = 4) and four experimental groups (n = 18) according to the removal methods used. The amount of residual Ca(OH)2 was evaluated using a four‐grade scoring system. The differences among the groups were analysed using the Kruskal–Wallis test (P < 0.05). SAF, XP and PUI removed significantly more Ca(OH)2 than SNI (P < 0.001), although there were no significant differences among them (P = 0.209). None of the tested methods could completely clean Ca(OH)2 from the groove.
Strategic communication related to academic performance: Evidence from China
Authors: Zhao Li , Chen Lulu , He Luwei , Heyman Gail D. 
Published: June 2017

We examined a range of forms of strategic communication relevant to academic performance among 151 seventh‐ and eleventh‐grade adolescents in China. Participants were asked to rate the frequency of their engagement of strategic communication and to evaluate the possible motives for each strategy. The most commonly adopted strategy was to give a vague response about one's own performance, and the predominant motives for strategic communication were the desires to outcompete others, to be prosocial, and to be modest. Males were more likely than females to focus on gaining social approval, and eleventh graders were more likely than seventh graders to focus on being prosocial and modest when engaging in strategic communication. These findings provide insight into the development of strategic communication beyond Western culture.
Statement of contributionWhat is already known on this subject?

Adolescents in the West often hide their effort to appear more competent or to gain social acceptance.
Little is known about other communication strategies related to academic performance.
Little is known about the development of these strategies in non‐Western samples.

What does this study add?

We show that in China, as in Western cultures, children often engage in strategic communication.

We demonstrate links between different forms of strategic communication and specific motives.

We demonstrate that strategic communication can be motivated by outcompeting others, by being prosocial, and by being modest.
Increased expression of (immuno)proteasome subunits during epileptogenesis is attenuated by inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway
Authors: Broekaart Diede W. M. , van Scheppingen Jackelien , Geijtenbeek Karlijne W. , Zuidberg Mark R. J. , Anink Jasper J. , Baayen Johannes C. , Mühlebner Angelika , Aronica Eleonora , Gorter Jan A. , van Vliet Erwin A. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryObjectiveInhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway reduces epileptogenesis in various epilepsy models, possibly by inhibition of inflammatory processes, which may include the proteasome system. To study the role of mTOR inhibition in the regulation of the proteasome system, we investigated (immuno)proteasome expression during epileptogenesis, as well as the effects of the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin.MethodsThe expression of constitutive (β1, β5) and immunoproteasome (β1i, β5i) subunits was investigated during epileptogenesis using immunohistochemistry in the electrical post‐status epilepticus (SE) rat model for temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). The effect of rapamycin was studied on (immuno)proteasome subunit expression in post‐SE rats that were treated for 6 weeks. (Immuno)proteasome expression was validated in the brain tissue of patients who had SE or drug‐resistant TLE and the effect of rapamycin was studied in primary human astrocyte cultures.ResultsIn post‐SE rats, increased (immuno)proteasome expression was detected throughout epileptogenesis in neurons and astrocytes within the hippocampus and piriform cortex and was most evident in rats that developed a progressive form of epilepsy. Rapamycin‐treated post‐SE rats had reduced (immuno)proteasome protein expression and a lower number of spontaneous seizures compared to vehicle‐treated rats. (Immuno)proteasome expression was also increased in neurons and astrocytes within the human hippocampus after SE and in patients with drug‐resistant TLE. In vitro studies using cultured human astrocytes showed that interleukin (IL)‐1β‐induced (immuno)proteasome gene expression could be attenuated by rapamycin.SignificanceBecause dysregulation of the (immuno)proteasome system is observed before the occurrence of spontaneous seizures in rats, is associated with progression of epilepsy, and can be modulated via the mTOR pathway, it may represent an interesting novel target for drug treatment in epilepsy.
Effective population sizes of a major vector of human diseases, Aedes aegypti
Authors: Saarman Norah P. , Gloria‐Soria Andrea , Anderson Eric C. , Evans Benjamin R. , Pless Evlyn , Cosme Luciano V. , Gonzalez‐Acosta Cassandra , Kamgang Basile , Wesson Dawn M. , Powell Jeffrey R. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe effective population size (Ne) is a fundamental parameter in population genetics that determines the relative strength of selection and random genetic drift, the effect of migration, levels of inbreeding, and linkage disequilibrium. In many cases where it has been estimated in animals, Ne is on the order of 10%–20% of the census size. In this study, we use 12 microsatellite markers and 14,888 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to empirically estimate Ne in Aedes aegypti, the major vector of yellow fever, dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses. We used the method of temporal sampling to estimate Ne on a global dataset made up of 46 samples of Ae. aegypti that included multiple time points from 17 widely distributed geographic localities. Our Ne estimates for Ae. aegypti fell within a broad range (~25–3,000) and averaged between 400 and 600 across all localities and time points sampled. Adult census size (Nc) estimates for this species range between one and five thousand, so the Ne/Nc ratio is about the same as for most animals. These Ne values are lower than estimates available for other insects and have important implications for the design of genetic control strategies to reduce the impact of this species of mosquito on human health.
Animating geographies of making: Embodied slow scholarship for participant‐researchers of maker cultures and material work
Authors: Carr Chantel , Gibson Chris 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAccounts of making as a social and economic practice, and as a process of material transformation, are accumulating both within and beyond geography. In this article, we turn our attention to how geographers have engaged viscerally with the labour process of making, by putting their own bodies to work, as makers themselves, or alongside those of research participants. Such embodied interventions extend academic understandings of the everyday, embodied accumulation of skill and tacit knowledge, as well as offering an alternative, methodologically transparent approach to nonrepresentational modes of writing. We review how geographers interested in making have found ways in which to deeply engage the field, often building on longstanding personal interests and auto‐ethnographic methods, in the face of pragmatic concerns for safety and security in the workplace, as well as the time constraints of the neoliberal academy. We conclude that the flourishing slow scholarship on geographies of making has opened up a productive portal through which to re‐connect work and the body. Deeper insights arise from implicating our labouring selves in both the making, as well as writing about making.
The significance of mountain glaciers as sentinels of climate and environmental change
Authors: Mark Bryan G. , Fernández Alfonso 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMountain glaciers are transient hydrologic reservoirs persisting at the habitable extremes of Earth that both document and respond to climate change. They withhold water in solid phase from other reservoirs and ultimately impact sea levels. Moreover, they are valued resources with economic and cultural significance for human societies living below them. They also preserve histories of past climates. Yet, when climate change forces glaciers to lose mass, the water and suspended matter flow downstream with various impacts. Profoundly, current glacier and environmental changes are now accelerating and being propelled by human activity. Diverse consequences of these changes are emerging, and many are negative for society. Nevertheless, these changes coincide with a time in human history during which science is able to observe changes with unprecedented detail. Geography has a key role to play in analyzing the patterns and impacts of mountain glacier changes over multiple spatial and temporal scales and involving an integrated approach that draws on different disciplines and innovative technology to account for interactions between multiple spheres of the Earth System.
‘DIE HAUPTSACHE IST, PLUMP DENKEN LERNEN’: BRECHT'S HERRNBURGER BERICHT AS A GDR LEARNING PLAY
Authors: Brady Martin 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTThis essay looks at the Herrnburger Bericht (1951) by Bertolt Brecht and Paul Dessau in terms of its simplicity. Following a discussion of difficulty as modernism's ‘default position’, Brecht and Dessau's semi‐staged cantata is examined as an example of what Walter Benjamin, reviewing Brecht's Dreigroschenroman, affirmatively termed ‘plumpes Denken’. The blatancy of the Herrnburger Bericht is examined as a dialectical response to the ‘Formalismusdebatte’ around Brecht and Dessau's opera Die Verurteilung des Lukullus of the previous year, as a work for young performers and spectators, and as a distant relative of Brecht's ‘Lehrstücke’ of the late 1920s (in particular Der Flug der Lindberghs and Das Badener Lehrstück vom Einverständnis). Whilst acknowledging that the Herrnburger Bericht did not achieve the status its author and composer had hoped for, the afterlife of one of its numbers – ‘Bitten der Kinder’ – is noted.Dieser Aufsatz untersucht die Einfachheit des Herrnburger Berichts (1951) von Bertolt Brecht und Paul Dessau. Nach einer Auswertung des Begriffs der Schwierigkeit als Grundposition der Moderne wird Brechts und Dessaus ‘halbszenische Chorkantate’ als Beispiel des ‘plumpen Denkens’ analysiert. Diesen affirmativen Begriff prägte Walter Benjamin in seiner Rezension von Brechts Dreigroschenroman. Die Offensichtlichkeit bzw. Unverfrorenheit des Herrnburger Berichts wird als dialektische Reaktion auf die Formalismusdebatte um Brechts und Dessaus Oper Die Verurteilung des Lukullus im vorausgehenden Jahr untersucht, als ein Werk für junge DarstellerInnen, MusikerInnen und ZuschauerInnen, sowie als entfernter Verwandter des Brechtschen Lehrstücks der ausgehenden zwanziger Jahre (vor allem Der Flug der Lindberghs und Das Badener Lehrstück vom Einverständnis). Der ausbleibende Erfolg des Herrnburger Berichts wird nicht geleugnet, aber zum Schluß wird das auch bis heute andauernde Nachleben des Liedes ‘Bitten der Kinder’ skizziert.
Rapid cooling and geospeedometry of granitic rocks exhumation within a volcanic arc: A case study from the Central Slovakian Neovolcanic Field (Western Carpathians)
Authors: Kohút Milan , Danišík Martin 
Published: June 2017

AbstractU–Pb Sensitive High‐Resolution Ion MicroProbe (SHRIMP) dating of zircon in combination with (U–Th)/He dating of zircon and apatite is applied to constrain the emplacement and exhumation history of the youngest granitic rocks in the Western Carpathians collected in the Central Slovakian Neovolcanic Field. Two samples of diorite from the locality Banky, and granodiorite from Banská Hodruša yield the U–Pb zircon concordia ages of 15.21 ±0.19 Ma and 12.92 ±0.27 Ma, respectively, recording the time of zircon crystallization and the intrusions’ emplacement. Zircon (U–Th)/He ages of 14.70 ±0.94 (Banky) and 12.65 ±0.61 Ma (Banská Hodruša), and apatite (U–Th)/He ages of 14.45 ±0.70 Ma (diorite) and 12.26 ±0.77 Ma (granodiorite) are less than 1 Myr younger than the corresponding zircon U–Pb ages. For both diorite and granodiorite rocks their chronological data thus document a simple cooling process from magmatic crystallization/solidification temperatures to near‐surface temperatures in the Middle Miocene, without subsequent reheating. Geospeedometry data suggest for rapid cooling at an average rate of 678 ±158 °C/Myr, and the exhumation rate of 5 mm/year corresponding to active tectonic‐forced exhumation. The quick cooling is interpreted to record the exhumation of the studied granitic rocks complex that closely followed its emplacement, and was likely accompanied by a drop in the paleo‐geothermal gradient due to cessation of volcanic activity in the area.
Simplified Jackknife Variance Estimates for Fuzzy Measures of Multidimensional Poverty
Authors: Betti Gianni , Gagliardi Francesca , Verma Vijay 
Published: June 2017

SummaryIn this paper, we present a practical methodology for variance estimation for multi‐dimensional measures of poverty and deprivation of households and individuals, derived from sample surveys with complex designs and fairly large sample sizes. The measures considered are based on fuzzy representation of individuals' propensity to deprivation in monetary and diverse non‐monetary dimensions. We believe this to be the first original contribution for estimating standard errors for such fuzzy poverty measures.The second objective is to describe and numerically illustrate computational procedures and difficulties in producing reliable and robust estimates of sampling error for such complex statistics. We attempt to identify some of these problems and provide solutions in the context of actual situations. A detailed application based on European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions data for 19 NUTS2 regions in Spain is provided.