bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perspectives of cannabis use in the life experience of men with schizophrenia
Authors: Wagstaff Chris , Graham Hermine , Farrell Derek , Larkin Michael , Tatham Lloyd 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSubstance use amongst people with schizophrenia is well‐established: up to 50% report using illicit substances. The occurrence of both conditions can also induce people to disengage from mental health services. The research question sought to understand, from the perspective of both service users and clinicians, cannabis use within the experience of people with schizophrenia. The transcripts of the seven participants and the two focus groups were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Service Users and Clinicians were recruited from Assertive outreach community‐based teams. seven male service users who described their ethnic identity as ‘black’, diagnosed with schizophrenia and a history of treatment disengagement and 12 clinicians who worked with this client group. The two component study involved semi‐structured interviews with the Service Users and two focus groups with the Clinicians. Service Users perceived cannabis use as a means by which they could ‘reestablish their identity’ that had been damaged and the social consequences of diagnosis. Clinicians similarly perceived drugs, cannabis in particular, as a significant part of the service users’ life. This study provides greater depth to understanding cannabis use within the experience of people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia.
The Second Religious Globalization in Africa: Changes in the Religious Landscape and the Consequences for Social Peace: The Case of Cameroon
Authors: Johnson Samuel Désiré 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis article describes the changes in the religious landscape in Africa – on both the Christian and the Muslim sides – using the example of Cameroon, with the objective of determining the eventual implications that these changes can have for social peace in Africa. The country has seen a shift from planned and controlled evangelization and Islamization carried out by recognized political and religious authorities, to evangelization and Islamization done by individuals who, even though they represent religious currents recognized around the world, act autonomously. The religious landscape has consequently changed fundamentally on the geographical level: moving from the usual cleavage between the Christian South and the Muslim North to a total breakdown in ethno‐regional religious territories. The same thing can be observed for various Christian denominations, which are no longer confined to their historic ethno‐regional territories. Religious organizations are now set up in an anarchic manner. All of this is taking place in a fragile local and regional environment which could, as argued here, present a genuine threat to social peace in Cameroon.
Missiological Context of the Eastern Orthodox Churches in Africa
Authors: Njoroge John N. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis article focuses on the missiological context of the Eastern Orthodox Churches in Africa under the jurisdiction of the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria and All Africa, which serves the Greek‐, Arabic‐, and Russian‐speaking communities as well as native African Orthodox communities in sub‐Saharan Africa. The apostolic mission to Africa started in the city of Alexandria by St Mark the evangelist around 62–63 AD. The gospel flourished in the Alexandrian church through its famous catechetical school, participation in the ecumenical councils, and monasticism. After Islamic invasion of northern Africa (640 AD), Christianity started to decline and the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria extended its jurisdiction to sub‐Saharan Africa. First it served the Greek communities, but later in 1946 opened up to evangelize to native African communities. Orthodox Church mission engagement in sub‐Saharan African has resulted in different mission approaches, like the creation of new dioceses and archdioceses, theological education, and liturgical, incarnational, and reconciliation approaches. These approaches have prepared the missiological context of the Eastern Orthodox Church in Africa for an Africanized Christianity. Native Africans searched for ecclesial identity by affiliating with Greek Orthodoxy, consequently rekindling the mission of the Orthodox Church worldwide and creating a platform for dialogue between African cultural‐religious particularities and Orthodox theological ethos. This has resulted in a call for inculturation or incarnational process aiming for an “African local church.”
“Noxious Weed”: Persecution in the Development of Korean Christianity
Authors: Yu K. Kale 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe experience of persecution during the late Joseon and Japanese colonial period was not unusual for Korean Christians, who endured living as a minority faith within a hostile context. Like the pre‐Constantinian Christian communities and many Christians today who live in the global South, suspicion and persecution defined their world as openly confessing Christians, and they embraced, as part of converting to Christianity, the stark reality that their faith could incur personal harm in the form of hostility, incarceration, and even death. This article explores how conversion and maintaining Christian faith in a society adverse to Christianity shaped believers’ self‐understanding of the breadth of faith and acceptance of its mortal implications. Focusing on the Catholic and Protestant experience in Korea, Christian believers rigorously tested the country's attitudes against Christianity. In so doing, their experience provokes a critical reflection on the profoundness of the missionary mandate and illuminates the complexity with which their faith is forged as they must confront the brutal reality that they may be, at the very least, arrested. For many Korean Christians during Joseon Dynasty and the Japanese colonial period (1910–1945), conversion to Christianity was part of the process that transformed for believers a religious identity that was understood to be potentially detrimental to their relationship with the state.
Osteocytes play an important role in experimental periodontitis in healthy and diabetic mice through expression of RANKL
Authors: Graves Dana T , Alshabab Ahmed , Albiero Mayra Laino , Mattos Marcelo , Corrêa Jôice Dias , Chen Shanshan , Yang Yang 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAimPeriodontitis results from bacteria‐induced inflammation. A key cytokine, RANKL, is produced by a number of cell types. The cellular source of RANKL critical for periodontitis has not been established.MethodsWe induced periodontal bone loss by oral inoculation of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum in both normoglycaemic and streptozotocin‐induced type 1 diabetic mice. Experimental transgenic mice had osteocyte‐specific deletion of floxed receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa‐B ligand (RANKL) mediated by DMP‐1‐driven Cre recombinase. Outcomes were assessed by micro‐CT, histomorphometric analysis, immunofluorescent analysis of RANKL and tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase staining for osteoclasts and osteoclast activity.ResultsOral infection stimulated RANKL expression in osteocytes of wild‐type mice, which was increased by diabetes and blocked in transgenic mice. Infected wild‐type mice had significant bone loss and increased osteoclast numbers and activity, which were further enhanced by diabetes. No bone loss or increase in osteoclastogenesis or activity was detected in transgenic mice with RANKL deletion in osteocytes that were normoglycaemic or diabetic.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates for the first time the essential role of osteocytes in bacteria‐induced periodontal bone loss and in diabetes‐enhanced periodontitis.
Polygamy In Family Court: A Resource For Judges Dealing With An Unfamiliar Family Structure
Authors: Raley Billy Gage 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCases concerning polygamous households can present difficult challenges for family courts. Though a growing number of Americans practice polygamy, the lifestyle still remains shrouded in mystery. Many polygamists are religious (and sometimes racial) minorities that have suffered from discrimination. The most influential judicial precedents concerning polygamy come from the nineteenth century and are tinged with religious and racial stereotypes, which can make judges uncomfortable with citing those decisions. There is a need for reliable, unprejudiced, and up‐to‐date information about polygamy that judges can cite while maintaining an image of objectivity and impartiality. This Article seeks to provide that resource. It provides information about the evolutionary influences that shape polygamy, how polygamy is practiced in the modern world, and common problems affecting polygamous households that judges should be aware of.
Knowledge, compliance with good clinical practices and barriers to effective control of postoperative pain among nurses from hospitals with and without a “Hospital without Pain” certificate
Authors: Tomaszek Lucyna , Dębska Grażyna 
Published: December 2017

Aims and objectives(i) To compare knowledge and compliance with good clinical practices regarding control of postoperative pain among nurses employed at hospitals with and without a “Hospital without Pain” certificate, (ii) to identify the determinants of nurses’ knowledge and (iii) to define barriers to effective control of postoperative pain.BackgroundOnly a slight improvement in postoperative pain control has been observed recently, if any. Implementation of good clinical practices in the control of postoperative pain requires involvement of nurses.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsThe study included 257 nurses from hospitals with a “Hospital without Pain” certificate and 243 nurses from noncertified hospitals, with mean job seniority of 17.6 ± 9.6 years. All respondents answered 26 questions regarding postoperative pain control‐related issues. Based on the answers, overall scores were calculated for (i) nurses’ knowledge, (ii) compliance with good clinical practices and (iii) barriers to effective control of postoperative pain.ResultsNurses from the certified hospitals presented with significantly higher levels of knowledge and compliance with good clinical practices and identified significantly more barriers to effective control of postoperative pain. Apart from certification of a hospital, better knowledge of postoperative pain control was determined by higher education, participation in postgraduate training programmes and other relevant courses, self‐education from medical journals, employment at paediatric ward or intensive care unit. The most commonly reported barriers to effective control of pain included too low doses of painkillers prescribed by physicians and inability to modify the protocol of pain treatment by the nurse.ConclusionsControl of postoperative pain can be improved by enrolling nurses in various forms of continuous training and by providing them with greater autonomy in administering painkillers to surgical patients.Relevance to clinical practiceBetter quality of care offered to patients with postoperative pain can be achieved by continuous education of nurses and physicians, and greater compliance with relevant good clinical practices.
The Role of Prices Relative to Supplemental Benefits and Service Quality in Health Plan Choice
Authors: Bünnings Christian , Schmitz Hendrik , Tauchmann Harald , Ziebarth Nicolas R. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis article links representative enrollee panel data to health plan data on (1) prices, (2) service quality, and (3) nonessential benefits for the German statutory multipayer market and the years 2007–2010. We first show that although heavy federal regulation ensures a simple choice architecture, the majority of health plans are dominated—even when considering four nonprice attributes. Enrollees in dominated plans are older, less educated, and unhealthier. Second, we assess how switchers value prices relative to nonprice health plan attributes. Our mixed logit models incorporate a total of 1,700 health plan choices with each more than 50 choice sets. While prices are an important determinant for nearly everyone, 40 percent of all switchers do not seem to value service quality and supplemental benefits when choosing health plans.
Gene expression profile of Ralstonia Solanacearum for the rhizosphere ecological niche of Solanum tuberosum
Authors: Duan Ting T. , Luo Yong P. , Kong Chao Y. , Gao Xiu D. , Zhao Xin , Gao Gang 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPlant root secretion can be regarded as signal molecules, which exerts impact on microorganisms in the rhizosphere ecological niche. We obtained gene expression profile of Ralstonia solanacearumPO41 under the root secretions environment of Solanum tuberosum at the time points of 8 hrs, 16 hrs and 24 hrs, respectively, after infection with RNA microarray technology. Bioinformatics tools of differential genes expression analysis, GO functional analysis, cluster analysis and pathway analysis were conducted to find out the pathogenic genes and other related genes. We found that the virulence factors of R. solanacearum mainly focused on the output pathways of toxic protein (Sec pathway, Tat pathway and type III secretion system (T3SS)), the aggregation and transfer of exopolysaccharides and the chemotactic movement and adhesion of flagellum in the potato root secretion ecological niche, while the virulence factors in the atypical output pathway mainly distributed in Sec (secB, secDF, yidc) and Tat (tatA, tatC) pathways to promote the output of folded and unfolded toxic proteins. The fliIATPase was obviously upregulated 8 hrs postinoculation, suggesting that type III secretion system was only active at the early stage of PO41 infection. The upregulated expression of phosphoglucomutase and epimerase showed that the virulence factor of exopolysaccharides (EPS) was synthesized at the early stage of R. solanacearum infection. Chemotactic receptor and motor protein were obviously upregulated within 24 hrs postinoculation. Our study revealed that R. solanacearumPO41 had already colonized to the roots within 24 hrs with the stimulating of root secretion. Some pathogenic genes were upregulated during this period.
Identification of a distinct strain of Cotton leaf curl Gezira virus infecting tomato in Oman
Authors: Al Shihi Adel A. , Al Sadi Abdullah M. , Deadman Mike , Briddon Rob W. , Shahid Muhammad S. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractTomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants exhibiting yellowing, curling and stunting symptoms were identified in fields of the Tawoos Agricultural Systems, in Al‐Batinah in Oman. Cloning and sequencing of restriction endonuclease digested rolling circle amplified viral DNA identified a cotton begomovirus (family Geminiviridae) associated with the symptomatic tomato plants. Detailed analysis of complete sequences showed the virus to be a previously unknown strain of Cotton leaf curl Gezira virus (CLCuGeV) in association with the betasatellite Tomato leaf curl betasatellite (ToLCB). The new CLCuGeV strain, for which the name “Al Batinah” strain is suggested, has the greatest levels of sequence identity (91.9%) to an isolate of CLCuGeV recently reported from the neighbouring United Arab Emirates. Additionally, CLCuGeV‐Al Batinah was shown to have a recombinant origin with sequences donated by an African cassava mosaic virus‐like parent. This is the first identification of this Malvaceae‐adapted begomovirus in tomato. Although ToLCB is common in Oman, being one of only two betasatellites identified there so far, this is the first identification of this betasatellite with CLCuGeV. The significance of these findings is discussed.
Is the consumption of snail meat actually healthy? An analysis of the osteotropic influence of snail meat as a sole source of protein in growing rats
Authors: Radzki R. P. , Bieńko M. , Polak P. , Szkucik K. , Ziomek M. , Ostapiuk M. , Bieniaś J. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryThe study was aimed at determining the osteotropic effects of diets containing snail meat as a sole protein source. In our experiment, we tested three different diets incorporating snail meat originating from Helix pomatia (HP), Cornu.aspesa maxima (CAM) and Cornu.aspersum aspersum (CAA) and compared these to a control diet (CON) in which casein was the source of protein. In all diets, the protein content amounted to 10%, as calculated on a dry weight basis. In the study, forty male Wistar rats with an initial body mass of 50 ± 2 g were randomly placed within the control and three experimental groups. After 28 days of experimental feeding, the rats were sacrificed, and the body mass, total skeletal density and body composition were recorded. Moreover, blood serum (osteocalcin, CTX) and isolated tibia (pQCT, DXA, 3D micro‐CT, 3‐point bending test) were stored for further analysis. The results reveal that a diet incorporating snail meat significantly decreased BMC (bone mineral content), as well as area of total skeleton and isolated tibia, and was without influence on BMD (bone mineral density). Furthermore, the 3D micro‐CT analysis of trabecular compartment documented a reduced Tb.Th (trabecular thickness), as well as Tb.N (trabecular number), and an increased Tb.Sp (trabecular separation). Beyond the aforementioned, the snail‐based diets had an influence upon the architectonical properties of the tibia—decreasing its resistance to mechanical loading. Finally, snail meat, when used as an alone source of protein, negatively influenced the metabolism of the bone tissue in growing animals—making bone smaller and weaker.
Evidence for miRNA‐mediated modulation of the host transcriptome in cnidarian–dinoflagellate symbiosis
Authors: Baumgarten Sebastian , Cziesielski Maha J. , Thomas Ludivine , Michell Craig T. , Esherick Lisl Y. , Pringle John R. , Aranda Manuel , Voolstra Christian R. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractReef‐building corals and other cnidarians living in symbiotic relationships with intracellular, photosynthetic dinoflagellates in the genus Symbiodinium undergo transcriptomic changes during infection with the algae and maintenance of the endosymbiont population. However, the precise regulatory mechanisms modulating the host transcriptome are unknown. Here, we report apparent post‐transcriptional gene regulation by miRNAs in the sea anemone Aiptasia, a model system for cnidarian–dinoflagellate endosymbiosis. Aiptasia encodes mainly species‐specific miRNAs, and there appears to have been recent differentiation within the Aiptasia genome of miRNAs that are commonly conserved among anthozoan cnidarians. Analysis of miRNA expression showed that both conserved and species‐specific miRNAs are differentially expressed in response to endosymbiont infection. Using cross‐linking immunoprecipitation of Argonaute, the central protein of the miRNA‐induced silencing complex, we identified miRNA binding sites on a transcriptome‐wide scale and found that the targets of the miRNAs regulated in response to symbiosis include genes previously implicated in biological processes related to Symbiodinium infection. Our study shows that cnidarian miRNAs recognize their mRNA targets via high‐complementarity target binding and suggests that miRNA‐mediated modulations of genes and pathways are important during the onset and maintenance of cnidarian–dinoflagellate endosymbiosis.
Intraspecific genetic structure, divergence and high rates of clonality in an amphi‐Atlantic starfish
Authors: Garcia‐Cisneros Alex , Palacín Creu , Ventura Carlos Renato Rezende , Feital Barbara , Paiva Paulo Cesar , Pérez‐Portela Rocío 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIntraspecific genetic diversity and divergence have a large influence on the adaption and evolutionary potential of species. The widely distributed starfish, Coscinasterias tenuispina, combines sexual reproduction with asexual reproduction via fission. Here we analyse the phylogeography of this starfish to reveal historical and contemporary processes driving its intraspecific genetic divergence. We further consider whether asexual reproduction is the most important method of propagation throughout the distribution range of this species. Our study included 326 individuals from 16 populations, covering most of the species’ distribution range. A total of 12 nuclear microsatellite loci and sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene were analysed. COI and microsatellites were clustered in two isolated lineages: one found along the southwestern Atlantic and the other along the northeastern Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea. This suggests the existence of two different evolutionary units. Marine barriers along the European coast would be responsible for population clustering: the Almeria–Oran Front that limits the entrance of migrants from the Atlantic to the Mediterranean, and the Siculo‐Tunisian strait that divides the two Mediterranean basins. The presence of identical genotypes was detected in all populations, although two monoclonal populations were found in two sites where annual mean temperatures and minimum values were the lowest. Our results based on microsatellite loci showed that intrapopulation genetic diversity was significantly affected by clonality whereas it had lower effect for the global phylogeography of the species, although still some impact on populations’ genetic divergence could be observed between some populations.
Probiotic consortia are not uniformly effective against different amphibian chytrid pathogen isolates
Authors: Antwis Rachael E. , Harrison Xavier A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSymbiotic bacterial communities can protect their hosts from infection by pathogens. Treatment of wild individuals with protective bacteria (probiotics) isolated from hosts can combat the spread of emerging infectious diseases. However, it is unclear whether candidate probiotic bacteria can offer consistent protection across multiple isolates of globally distributed pathogens. Here, we use the lethal amphibian fungal pathogenBatrachochytrium dendrobatidisto investigate whether probiotic richness (number of bacteria) or genetic distance among consortia members influences broad‐scale in vitro inhibitory capabilities of probiotics across multiple isolates of the pathogen. We show that inhibition of multiple pathogen isolates by individual bacteria is rare, with no systematic pattern among bacterial genera in ability to inhibit multipleB. dendrobatidisisolates. Bacterial consortia can offer stronger protection againstB. dendrobatidiscompared to single strains, and this tended to be more pronounced for consortia containing multiple genera compared with those consisting of bacteria from a single genus (i.e., with lower genetic distance), but critically, this effect was not uniform across allB. dendrobatidisisolates. These novel insights have important implications for the effective design of bacterial probiotics to mitigate emerging infectious diseases.