bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scarless wound healing: Transitioning from fetal research to regenerative healing
Authors: Moore Alessandra L. , Marshall Clement D. , Barnes Leandra A. , Murphy Matthew P. , Ransom Ryan C. , Longaker Michael T. 
Published: January 2018

Since the discovery of scarless fetal skin wound healing, research in the field has expanded significantly with the hopes of advancing the finding to adult human patients. There are several differences between fetal and adult skin that have been exploited to facilitate scarless healing in adults including growth factors, cytokines, and extracellular matrix substitutes. However, no one therapy, pathway, or cell subtype is sufficient to support scarless wound healing in adult skin. More recently, products that contain or mimic fetal and adult uninjured dermis were introduced to the wound healing market with promising clinical outcomes. Through our review of the major experimental targets of fetal wound healing, we hope to encourage research in areas that may have a significant clinical impact. Additionally, we will investigate therapies currently in clinical use and evaluate whether they represent a legitimate advance in regenerative medicine or a vulnerary agent. WIREs Dev Biol 2018, 7:e309. doi: 10.1002/wdev.309This article is categorized under:

Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Regeneration
Plant Development > Cell Growth and Differentiation
Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Environmental Control of Stem Cells
Effects of physical activity on the symptoms of Tourette syndrome: A systematic review
Authors: Kim David D. , Warburton Darren E.R. , Wu Nana , Barr Alasdair M. , Honer William G. , Procyshyn Ric M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThere is irrefutable evidence that routine physical activity or exercise can offer considerable health benefits to individuals living with various mental disorders. However, it is not clear what effect physical activity has on the symptoms of Tourette syndrome. Despite a paucity of evidence, physical activity or exercise has already been recommended by various health organizations for the management of tics. We provide a systematic review of the effects of physical activity or exercise on tic symptomology in individuals with Tourette syndrome. Major electronic databases were searched for all available publications before August 2017. Keywords and MeSH terms included “physical activity” or “exercise” or “exercise therapy” or “physical exertion” or “sports” and “tics” or “tic disorders” or “Tourette.” Eight studies were included, the majority of which were case reports. Despite a number of methodological limitations of the included studies, the review points to a trend that the effects of acute physical activity are intensity-dependent, where light intensity may alleviate and vigorous intensity may exacerbate tics. Chronic physical activity, however, appears to reduce the severity of tics even at higher intensity. Several physiological mechanisms may explain the differential effects of acute and chronic physical activity in Tourette syndrome. Future randomized controlled studies should better characterize the effects of different intensities and types of physical activity in Tourette syndrome.
The Association of Clinic‐Based Mobility Tasks and Measures of Community Performance and Risk
Authors: Callisaya Michele L. , Verghese Joe 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIntroductionGait speed is recognized as an important predictor of adverse outcomes in older people. However, it is unknown whether other more complex mobility tasks are better predictors of such outcomes.ObjectiveTo examine a range of clinic‐based mobility tests and determine which were most strongly associated with measures of community performance and risk (CP&R).DesignCross‐sectional study.SettingCentral Control Mobility and Aging Study, Westchester County, New York.ParticipantsAged ≥65 years (n = 424).MethodsClinic‐based mobility measures included gait speed measured during normal and dual‐task conditions, the Floor Maze Immediate and Delay tasks, and stair ascending and descending. CP&R measures were self‐reported by the use of standardized questionnaires and classified into measures of performance (distance walked, travel outside one's home [life space], activities of daily living, and participation in cognitive leisure activities) or risk (balance confidence, fear of falling, and past falls). Linear and logistic regression were used to examine associations between the clinic‐based mobility measures and CP&R measures adjusting for covariates.ResultsThe mean age of the sample was 77.8 (SD 6.4) years, and 55.2% (n = 234) were female. In final models, faster normal walking speed was most strongly associated with 5 of the 7 community measures (greater distance walked, greater life space, better activities of daily living function, higher balance confidence, and less fear of falling; all P < .05). More complex tasks (walking while talking and maze immediate) were associated with cognitive leisure activity (P < .05), and ascending stairs was the only measure associated with a history of falls (P < .05).ConclusionNormal walking speed is a simple and inexpensive clinic‐based mobility test that is associated with a wide range of CP&R measures. In addition, poorer performance ascending stairs may assist in identifying those at risk of falls. Poorer performance in more complex mobility tasks (walking while talking and maze immediate) may suggest inability to participate in cognitive leisure activities.Level of EvidenceIII
Chronic Thigh Pain in a Young Adult Diagnosed as Synovial Sarcoma: A Case Report
Authors: Chambers Lauren A. , Lesher John M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSynovial sarcoma is a slow‐growing, intermediate‐ to high‐grade neoplasm with extensive metastatic potential. Accurate diagnosis of synovial sarcoma may pose a challenge to providers because of its indolent growth and variable presentation. The findings of a soft‐tissue, periarticular mass with calcifications in a young patient are highly suggestive of synovial sarcoma. Although different imaging modalities can aid in the diagnosis of synovial sarcoma, diagnostic certainty is typically only confirmed by biopsy and histologic analysis. We present a case describing the diagnostic workup of synovial sarcoma with an emphasis on imaging findings in a patient with increasing symptomatology spanning more than a decade.Level of EvidenceV
Rethinking nudge: not one but three concepts
Authors: MONGIN PHILIPPE , COZIC MIKAËL 
Published: January 2018

Abstract‘Nudge’ is a concept of policy intervention that originates in Thaler and Sunstein's (2008) popular eponymous book. Following their own hints, we distinguish three properties of nudge interventions: they redirect individual choices by only slightly altering choice conditions (here ‘nudge 1’); they use rationality failures instrumentally (here ‘nudge 2’); and they alleviate the unfavourable effects of these failures (here ‘nudge 3’). We explore each property in semantic detail and show that no entailment relation holds between them. This calls into question the theoretical unity of nudge as intended by Thaler and Sunstein and most of their followers. We eventually recommend pursuing each property separately, both in policy research and at the foundational level. We particularly emphasise the need for reconsidering the respective roles of decision theory and behavioural economics to delineate nudge 2 correctly. The paper differs from most in the literature in focusing on the definitional rather than the normative problems of nudge.
Cognitive enhancement in old dogs from dietary supplementation with a nutrient blend containing arginine, antioxidants, B vitamins and fish oil
Authors: Pan Yuanlong , Kennedy Adam D. , Jönsson Thomas J. , Milgram Nortan W. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis study focused on the hypothesis that cognitive decline in aged dogs could be attenuated by dietary supplementation with a nutrient blend consisting of antioxidants, B vitamins, fish oil andl-arginine, referred to hereafter as the Brain Protection Blend (BPB). Baseline cognitive assessment before the start of treatment was used to establish cognitively equivalent control (10·464+2·33 kg) and treatment (12·118+3·386 kg) groups of aged dogs between 9·1 and 11·5 years of age and with body condition score of 5. After an initial wash-in period, all dogs were tested over a 6-month period on cognitive test protocols that assessed four phases of a landmark discrimination learning protocol, which assessed a spatial learning skill based on utilisation of external cues, and egocentric discrimination task, which assessed spatial learning based on internal body-centred cues. The BPB-supplemented group showed significantly better performance than the controls on the landmark 1 (P=0·0446) discrimination learning tasks, and on two egocentric discrimination reversal learning tasks (P=0·005 andP=0·01, respectively). The groups did not differ significantly (P>0·10) on the landmark zero discrimination task and the egocentric discrimination learning task. These results suggest beneficial effects are positively linked to task complexity. Many of the nutrients supplemented in the BPB diet were significantly higher in plasma, including arginine,α-tocopherol, DHA and EPA. These results indicate that long-term supplementation with the BPB can have cognition-improving effects and support the use of nutritional strategies in targeting brain ageing-associated risk factors as an intervention to delay cognitive ageing.
Prevalence and determinants of vitamin D deficiency in the third trimester of pregnancy: a multicentre study in Switzerland
Authors: Krieger Jean-Philippe , Cabaset Sophie , Canonica Claudia , Christoffel Ladina , Richard Aline , Schröder Therese , von Wattenwyl Begoña Lipp , Rohrmann Sabine , Lötscher Katharina Quack 
Published: January 2018

AbstractVitamin D deficiency during pregnancy is associated with negative health consequences for mothers and their infants. Data on the vitamin D status of pregnant women in Switzerland are scarce. A three-centre study was conducted in the obstetric departments of Zurich, Bellinzona and Samedan (Switzerland) to investigate the prevalence and determinants of vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D)<50 nmol/l) in 3rd-trimester pregnant women living in Switzerland (n 305), and the correlation between 25(OH)D in pregnant women and their offspring at birth (n 278). Demographic and questionnaire data were used to explore the determinants of vitamin D deficiency. Median concentration of serum 25(OH)D in the third trimester of pregnancy was 46·0 nmol/l (1st–3rd quartiles: 30·5–68·5), representing a 53·4 % prevalence of vitamin D deficiency. 25(OH)D levels in the umbilcal cord blood (median: 50·0 nmol/l; 1st–3rd quartiles: 31·0–76·6) strongly correlated with mothers’ serum 25(OH)D (Spearman’s correlation ρ=0·79, P<0·001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that significant determinants of vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women were centre of study, country of origin, season of delivery and vitamin D supplement intake. Near-term BMI, skin colour, use of sunscreen and mothers’ education, although each not individually significant, collectively improved the ability of the model to explain vitamin D status. Low vitamin D levels were common in this sample of pregnant women and their newborns’ cord blood. Vitamin D supplement intake was the most actionable determinant of vitamin D status, suggesting that vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy should receive more attention in clinical practice.
THE INFORMAL ECONOMY OF CREDIT IN EARLY MODERN VENICE
Authors: SHAW JAMES E. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractEvidence from the Piovego, the fraud magistracy of early modern Venice, offers a critical perspective on the documentary record of credit and the ways in which this was used in practice. Although it was formally illegal to charge interest on personal loans, a variety of legal fictions were employed to evade the ban. Such fictions significantly reduced the transparency and certainty of exchange, pushing personal loans into a world of semi-legality. This was a ‘baroque economy’, in which people were aware of the potential discrepancy between surface form and underlying substance, and private agreements might be contested on grounds of substantive fairness. The ‘hidden transcripts’ presented by litigants indicate that the formal record must be interpreted through a ‘thick description’ that considers its role as a resource in a broader process of negotiation. Far from being a ‘market’, characterized by price competition, choice, and transparency, the informal economy of credit was embedded in long-term power relationships. Rather than celebrating intermediaries such as brokers and notaries as facilitators of ‘market’ relations, we need to understand them as part of a hierarchical network of power and wealth, embedded in long-term relationships.
The Local and the Global: Neighborhoods, Workers and Associations in São Paulo (1945–1964)
Authors: Fontes Paulo 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis article aims to analyze residents’ associations organized around specific working-class neighborhoods in São Paulo between the end of World War II and the Brazilian Military coup in 1964. It examines, in particular, the connections between neighborhood associations and labor union struggles. Based on the strong social networks and informal relationships created by workers, organizations like the Neighborhood Friends Societies (Sociedades Amigos de Bairro) were fundamental to the construction of political communities that had a powerful impact on electoral processes and on the formation of the state at the local level. Likewise, this article will show how, during that period, identities at the neighborhood level frequently developed in dialogue with processes of class formation, staking claim to a language of rights associated with the condition of being a worker and, simultaneously, a citizen. Finally, the piece suggests how analyses with such a localized scope, like those focused on specific working-class neighborhoods can intervene in debates concerning Global Labor History.
CAN LIBERTARIANS GET AWAY WITH FRAUD?
Authors: Ferguson Benjamin 
Published: January 2018

Abstract:In this paper I argue that libertarianism neither prohibits exchanges in which consent is gained through deceit, nor does it entail that such exchanges are morally invalid. However, contra James Child’s (1994) similar claim, that it is incapable of delivering these verdicts, I argue that libertarianscanclaim that exchanges involving deceitfully obtained consent are morally invalid by appealing to an external theory of moral permissibility.
A “congenitally corrected” variant of Ebstein’s anomaly
Authors: Çetin Güvenç Rengin , Akgün Gökmen , Güvenç Tolga S. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractEbstein’s anomaly is a rare CHD that is characterised by caudal displacement of the functional tricuspid annulus and a dysfunctional tricuspid valve owing to a failure of proper leaflet coaptation. We present a balanced variant of Ebstein’s anomaly, in which the overgrowth of the septal leaflet had allowed proper coaptation of the tricuspid leaflets, thus preserving the valve function.
Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension with coexisting CHD
Authors: Day Thomas G. , Hughes Marina , Pandya Bejal 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSinus venosus atrial septal defect can result in an increase in pulmonary blood flow and vascular resistance, leading to pulmonary hypertension. Rarely, the degree of pulmonary hypertension is out of proportion to the degree of intra-cardiac shunting. This case outlines the differences between pulmonary hypertension secondary to CHD and idiopathic pulmonary hypertension, and illustrates the investigation and management strategy used in a patient with features of both.
Using Rapid Improvement Events for Disaster After-Action Reviews: Experience in a Hospital Information Technology Outage and Response
Authors: Little Charles M. , McStay Christopher , Oeth Justin , Koehler April , Bookman Kelly 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe use of after-action reviews (AARs) following major emergency events, such as a disaster, is common and mandated for hospitals and similar organizations. There is a recurrent challenge of identified problems not being resolved and repeated in subsequent events. A process improvement technique called a rapid improvement event (RIE) was used to conduct an AAR following a complete information technology (IT) outage at a large urban hospital. Using RIE methodology to conduct the AAR allowed for the rapid development and implementation of major process improvements to prepare for future IT downtime events. Thus, process improvement methodology, particularly the RIE, is suited for conducting AARs following disasters and holds promise for improving outcomes in emergency management.LittleCM, McStayC, OethJ, KoehlerA, BookmanK. Using rapid improvement events for disaster after-action reviews: experience in a hospital information technology outage and response. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2018;33(1):98–100.
Superstorm Sandy’s impact on the provision of WIC (Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children) services in New York State
Authors: Wemette Michelle , Shipp Hilts Asante , Mack Stephanie R , Li Yunshu , Eidson Millicent , Santilli Loretta A , Nguyen Trang , Birkhead Guthrie S 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjectiveServices provided by the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) were interrupted in 2012 when Superstorm Sandy struck New York State (NYS). The present study evaluates the impact on WIC providers.DesignA focus group, telephone interviews and anonymous online survey were conducted. Qualitative data were analysed by coding transcribed text into key words and identifying major and minor themes for strengths, challenges and recommendations using national public health preparedness capabilities. Survey responses were analysed quantitatively; reported challenges were classified by preparedness capability.SettingThe focus group was held at a 2014 regional WIC meeting. Interviews and a survey were conducted via telephone in 2014 and online in 2015, respectively.SubjectsWIC staff representing New York City and three NYS counties.ResultsIn the focus group (n 12) and interviews (n 6), ‘emergency operations coordination’ was the most cited capability as a strength, ‘environmental health protection’ (against environmental hazards) as a challenge and ‘flexibility’ (on rules and procedures) as a recommendation. In the survey (n 24), the capability ‘information sharing’ was most often cited as a challenge. Most staff (66·6 %) reported their programmes were at least somewhat prepared for future weather-related disasters. Only 16·7 % indicated having practiced a work-related emergency response plan since Sandy. Staff who practiced an emergency response plan were more likely to indicate they were prepared (P < 0·05).ConclusionsThe study identified WIC programme areas requiring preparedness improvements. The research methodology can be utilized to assess the continuity of other public health services during disasters.
Current trends and practices in the use of imprisonment
Authors: Coyle Andrew , Heard Catherine , Fair Helen 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis article charts the rapid rise in the use of imprisonment in recent decades before considering some of the most pressing issues of concern in the use of imprisonment today. First among these is prison overcrowding, which continues to blight the record of many countries in their treatment of prisoners. To illustrate the potentially dire consequences of overcrowding – a problem common to many other countries and regions – an account is given of a recent visit to a prison in El Salvador. The article then provides an overview of the relevant regional and international standards on the treatment of prisoners, referring also to the role of judicial bodies in ensuring implementation.
Mutations in DNMT3A, U2AF1, and EZH2 identify intermediate-risk acute myeloid leukemia patients with poor outcome after CR1
Authors: Saygin Caner , Hirsch Cassandra , Przychodzen Bartlomiej , Sekeres Mikkael A. , Hamilton Betty K. , Kalaycio Matt , Carraway Hetty E. , Gerds Aaron T. , Mukherjee Sudipto , Nazha Aziz , Sobecks Ronald , Goebel Christopher , Abounader Donna , Maciejewski Jaroslaw P. , Advani Anjali S. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIntermediate-risk acute myeloid leukemia (IR-AML) is a clinically heterogeneous disease, for which optimal post-remission therapy is debated. The utility of next-generation sequencing information in decision making for IR-AML has yet to be elucidated. We retrospectively studied 100 IR-AML patients, defined by European Leukemia Net classification, who had mutational information at diagnosis, received intensive chemotherapy and achieved complete remission (CR) at Cleveland Clinic (CC). The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data were used for validation. In the CC cohort, median age was 58.5 years, 64% had normal cytogenetics, and 31% required >1 induction cycles to achieve CR1. In univariable analysis, patients carrying mutations in DNMT3A, U2AF1, and EZH2 had worse overall and relapse-free survival. After adjusting for other variables, the presence of these mutations maintained an independent effect on survival in both CC and TCGA cohorts. Patients who did not have the mutations and underwent hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) had the best outcomes. HCT improved outcomes for patients who had these mutations. RUNX1 or ASXL1 mutations did not predict survival, and performance of HCT did not confer a significant survival benefit. Our results provide evidence of clinical utility in considering mutation screening to stratify IR-AML patients after CR1 to guide therapeutic decisions.
Polycythemia vera treatment algorithm 2018
Authors: Tefferi Ayalew , Vannucchi Alessandro M. , Barbui Tiziano 
Published: January 2018

AbstractRecently reported mature survival data have confirmed the favorable prognosis in polycythemia vera (PV), with an estimated median survival of 24 years, in patients younger than age 60 years old. Currently available drugs for PV have not been shown to prolong survival or alter the natural history of the disease and are instead indicated primarily for prevention of thrombosis. Unfortunately, study endpoints that are being utilized in currently ongoing clinical trials in PV do not necessarily target clinically or biologically relevant outcomes, such as thrombosis, survival, or morphologic remission, and are instead focused on components of disease palliation. Even more discouraging has been the lack of critical appraisal from “opinion leaders”, on the added value of newly approved drugs. Keeping these issues in mind, at present, we continue to advocate conservative management in low-risk PV (phlebotomy combined with once- or twice-daily aspirin therapy) and include cytoreductive therapy in “high-risk” patients; in the latter regard, our first, second, and third line drugs of choice are hydroxyurea, pegylated interferon-α and busulfan, respectively. In addition, it is reasonable to considerJAK2inhibitor therapy, in the presence of protracted pruritus or markedly enlarged splenomegaly shown to be refractory to the aforementioned drugs.