bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of repeated eye examinations and breeding advice on the prevalence and incidence of cataracts and progressive retinal atrophy in German dachshunds over a 13‐year period
Authors: Koll Sarah , Reese Sven , Medugorac Ivica , Rosenhagen Carsten U. , Sanchez Rick F. , Köstlin Roberto 
Published: April 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze the change in prevalence and incidence of hereditary eye diseases (HED) in dachshunds due to breeding regulations based on biennial examinations performed by the German panel of veterinary ophthalmologists (DOK) from 1998 to 2011.Animals includedA total of 12 242 dachshunds examined by the DOK and pedigree data of 318 852 dachshunds provided by the German Dachshund Club (DTK).ProceduresThe prevalence of congenital cataract (CC), distichiasis (DIST), hereditary cataract (HC), persistent pupillary membranes (PPMs), persistent hyperplastic tunica vasculosa lentis / persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHTVL/PHPV), progressive retinal atrophy (PRA), retinal dysplasia (RD), and findings such as fiberglass‐like cataract (FGC) and prominent suture lines (PSLs) was analyzed. The significance (P), confidence interval (CI), odds ratio (OR), relative risk (RR) and inbreeding coefficients (F) were calculated and P < 0.05 was considered significant. The incidence was evaluated based on affected dogs within birth cohorts from 1993 to 2006.ResultsThe prevalent conditions studied were as follows: CC 0.5%, DIST 6.7%, HC 3.9%, PPMs 8.4%, PHTVL/PHPV 0.4%, PRA 1.5%, RD 0.2%, FGC 2.2%, and PSL 1.5%. The incidence of PRA decreased significantly from 6.0% to 0.6% for dogs born from 1993 to 2006, while HC showed a decreasing trend from 8.7% to 3.1%. More males than females were diagnosed with HC and PRA. Dachshunds with HEDs had an F that was not significantly higher than that of healthy dachshunds.ConclusionsThe decreasing incidence of PRA and HC in dachshunds supports the use of frequent HED examinations in combination with breeding control.
Clusters of Antibiotic Resistance Genes Enriched Together Stay Together in Swine Agriculture
Authors: Johnson Timothy A. , Stedtfeld Robert D. , Wang Qiong , Cole James R. , Hashsham Syed A. , Looft Torey , Zhu Yong-Guan , Tiedje James M. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT

Antibiotic resistance is a worldwide health risk, but the influence of animal agriculture on the genetic context and enrichment of individual antibiotic resistance alleles remains unclear. Using quantitative PCR followed by amplicon sequencing, we quantified and sequenced 44 genes related to antibiotic resistance, mobile genetic elements, and bacterial phylogeny in microbiomes from U.S. laboratory swine and from swine farms from three Chinese regions. We identified highly abundant resistance clusters: groups of resistance and mobile genetic element alleles that cooccur. For example, the abundance of genes conferring resistance to six classes of antibiotics together with class 1 integrase and the abundance of IS
6100
-type transposons in three Chinese regions are directly correlated. These resistance cluster genes likely colocalize in microbial genomes in the farms. Resistance cluster alleles were dramatically enriched (up to 1 to 10% as abundant as 16S rRNA) and indicate that multidrug-resistant bacteria are likely the norm rather than an exception in these communities. This enrichment largely occurred independently of phylogenetic composition; thus, resistance clusters are likely present in many bacterial taxa. Furthermore, resistance clusters contain resistance genes that confer resistance to antibiotics independently of their particular use on the farms. Selection for these clusters is likely due to the use of only a subset of the broad range of chemicals to which the clusters confer resistance. The scale of animal agriculture and its wastes, the enrichment and horizontal gene transfer potential of the clusters, and the vicinity of large human populations suggest that managing this resistance reservoir is important for minimizing human risk.

IMPORTANCE
Agricultural antibiotic use results in clusters of cooccurring resistance genes that together confer resistance to multiple antibiotics. The use of a single antibiotic could select for an entire suite of resistance genes if they are genetically linked. No links to bacterial membership were observed for these clusters of resistance genes. These findings urge deeper understanding of colocalization of resistance genes and mobile genetic elements in resistance islands and their distribution throughout antibiotic-exposed microbiomes. As governments seek to combat the rise in antibiotic resistance, a balance is sought between ensuring proper animal health and welfare and preserving medically important antibiotics for therapeutic use. Metagenomic and genomic monitoring will be critical to determine if resistance genes can be reduced in animal microbiomes, or if these gene clusters will continue to be coselected by antibiotics not deemed medically important for human health but used for growth promotion or by medically important antibiotics used therapeutically.
When should clinicians suspect group Astreptococcusempyema in children? A multicentre case–control study in French tertiary care centres
Authors: Bellulo Sophia , Sommet Julie , Lévy Corinne , Gillet Yves , Hees Laure , Lorrot Mathie , Gras-Le-Guen Christèle , Craiu Irina , Dubos François , Minodier Philippe , Biscardi Sandra , Dommergues Marie-Aliette , Béchet Stéphane , Bidet Philippe , Alberti Corinne , Cohen Robert , Faye Albert 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundThe incidence of invasive group Astreptococcus(GAS) infections is increasing worldwide, whereas there has been a dramatic decrease in pneumococcal invasive diseases. Few data describing GAS pleural empyema in children are available.ObjectiveTo describe the clinical and microbiological features, management and outcome of GAS pleural empyema in children and compare them with those of pneumococcal empyema.Design, setting and patientsFifty children admitted for GAS pleural empyema between January 2006 and May 2013 to 8 hospitals participating in a national pneumonia survey were included in a descriptive study and matched by age and centre with 50 children with pneumococcal empyema.ResultsThe median age of the children with GAS pleural empyema was 2 (range 0.1–7.6) years. Eighteen children (36%) had at least one risk factor for invasive GAS infection (corticosteroid use and/or current varicella). On admission, 37 patients (74%) had signs of circulatory failure, and 31 (62%) had a rash. GAS was isolated from 49/50 pleural fluid samples and from one blood culture. The commonest GAS genotype wasemm1(n=17/22). Two children died (4%). Children with GAS empyema presented more frequently with a rash (p<0.01), signs of circulatory failure (p=0.01) and respiratory disorders (p=0.02) and with low leucocyte levels (p=0.04) than children with pneumococcal empyema. Intensive care unit admissions (p<0.01), drainage procedures (p=0.04) and short-term complications (p=0.01) were also more frequent in patients with GAS empyema.ConclusionsPleural empyema following varicella or presenting with rash, signs of circulatory failure and leucopenia may be due to GAS. These features should prompt the addition to treatment of an antitoxin drug, such as clindamycin.
Cardiovascular events prior to or early after diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus in the systemic lupus international collaborating clinics cohort
Authors: Urowitz M B , Gladman D D , Anderson N M , Su J , Romero-Diaz J , Bae S C , Fortin P R , Sanchez-Guerrero J , Clarke A , Bernatsky S , Gordon C , Hanly J G , Wallace D J , Isenberg D , Rahman A , Merrill J , Ginzler E , Alarcón G S , Fessler B F , Petri M , Bruce I N , Khamashta M , Aranow C , Dooley M , Manzi S , Ramsey-Goldman R , Sturfelt G , Nived O , Steinsson K , Zoma A , Ruiz-Irastorza G , Lim S , Kalunian K C , Ỉnanç M , van Vollenhoven R , Ramos-Casals M , Kamen D L , Jacobsen S , Peschken C , Askanase A , Stoll T 
Published: April 2016

ObjectiveTo describe the frequency of myocardial infarction (MI) prior to the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and within the first 2 years of follow-up.MethodsThe systemic lupus international collaborating clinics (SLICC) atherosclerosis inception cohort enters patients within 15 months of SLE diagnosis. MIs were reported and attributed on a specialised vascular event form. MIs were confirmed by one or more of the following: abnormal ECG, typical or atypical symptoms with ECG abnormalities and elevated enzymes (≥2 times upper limit of normal), or abnormal stress test, echocardiogram, nuclear scan or angiogram. Descriptive statistics were used.Results31 of 1848 patients who entered the cohort had an MI. Of those, 23 patients had an MI prior to SLE diagnosis or within the first 2 years of disease. Of the 23 patients studied, 60.9% were female, 78.3% were Caucasian, 8.7% black, 8.7% Hispanic and 4.3% other. The mean age at SLE diagnosis was 52.5±15.0 years. Of the 23 MIs that occurred, 16 MIs occurred at a mean of 6.1±7.0 years prior to diagnosis and 7 occurred within the first 2 years of follow-up. Risk factors associated with early MI in univariate analysis are male sex, Caucasian, older age at diagnosis, hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, family history of MI and smoking. In multivariate analysis only age (OR=1.06 95% CI 1.03 to 1.09), hypertension (OR=5.01, 95% CI 1.38 to 18.23), hypercholesterolaemia (OR=4.43, 95% CI 1.51 to 12.99) and smoking (OR=7.50, 95% CI 2.38 to 23.57) remained significant risk factors.ConclusionsIn some patients with lupus, MI may develop even before the diagnosis of SLE or shortly thereafter, suggesting that there may be a link between autoimmune inflammation and atherosclerosis.
Diagnostic value of ultrasound in calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gamon Etienne , Combe Bernard , Barnetche Thomas , Mouterde Gaël 
Published: April 2016

ObjectiveA systematic review and meta-analysis of data from cohort studies to analyse the diagnostic performances (ie, sensitivity and specificity) of ultrasound (US) for diagnosis of calcium pyrophosphate deposition (CPPD) disease with microscopic crystal detection used as a gold standard.MethodsWe performed a systematic review of articles published up to December 2014 using EMBASE, MEDLINE and Cochrane databases and abstracts from the past two EULAR and ACR annual meetings. Only studies reporting the performance of US for diagnosis of CPPD disease were selected. A meta-analysis involved the inverse variance method to evaluate global sensitivity and specificity of US. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed by the Cochran Q-test and I2values.ResultsThe search resulted in 85 articles and 11 abstracts; 17 and 4, respectively, were selected for the systematic review. A total of 262 patients with CPPD disease and 335 controls from 4 original articles and 4 abstracts were included in the meta-analysis. The US diagnostic patterns most frequently recorded were thin hyperechoic bands in the hyaline cartilage (8 articles); hyperechoic spots in fibrous cartilage or in tendons (7 articles); and homogeneous hyperechoic nodules localised in bursa or articular recesses (4 articles). The meta-analysis revealed a heterogeneity of the data, with a sensitivity of 87.9% (95% CI 80.9% to 94.9%) and specificity of 91.5% (95% CI 85.5% to 97.5%) using a random model.ConclusionsThis meta-analysis confirmed that US has high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of CPPD and may be a promising tool for the diagnosis and management of CPPD.
Relationship Between Measures of Adiposity, Arterial Inflammation, and Subsequent Cardiovascular Events
Authors: Figueroa Amparo L. , Takx Richard A.P. , MacNabb Megan H. , Abdelbaky Amr , Lavender Zachary R. , Kaplan Rebecca S. , Truong Quynh A. , Lo Janet , Ghoshhajra Brian B. , Grinspoon Steven K. , Hoffmann Udo , Tawakol Ahmed 
Published: April 2016

Background—
The objective of this study was to evaluate how different measures of adiposity are related to both arterial inflammation and the risk of subsequent cardiovascular events.

Methods and Results—

We included individuals who underwent
18
F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging for oncological evaluation. Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) volume, visceral adipose tissue (VAT) volume, and VAT/SAT ratio were determined. Additionally, body mass index, metabolic syndrome, and aortic
18
F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake (a measure of arterial inflammation) were determined. Subsequent development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events was adjudicated. The analysis included 415 patients with a median age of 55 (P25–P75: 45–65) and a median body mass index of 26.4 (P25–P75: 23.4–30.9) kg/m
2
. VAT and SAT volume were significantly higher in obese individuals. VAT volume (
r
=0.290;
P
<0.001) and VAT/SAT ratio (
r
=0.208;
P
<0.001) were positively correlated with arterial inflammation. Thirty-two subjects experienced a CVD event during a median follow-up of 4 years. Cox proportional hazard models showed that VAT volume and VAT/SAT ratio were associated with CVD events (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]: 1.15 [1.06–1.25];
P
<0.001; 3.60 [1.88–6.92];
P
<0.001, respectively). Body mass index, metabolic syndrome, and SAT were not predictive of CVD events.

Conclusions—
Measures of visceral fat are positively related to arterial inflammation and are independent predictors of subsequent CVD events. Individuals with higher measures of visceral fat as well as elevated arterial inflammation are at highest risk for subsequent CVD events. The findings suggest that arterial inflammation may explain some of the CVD risk associated with adiposity.
Right and Left Ventricular Function and Mass in Male Elite Master Athletes
Authors: Bohm Philipp , Schneider Günther , Linneweber Lutz , Rentzsch Axel , Krämer Nadine , Abdul-Khaliq Hashim , Kindermann Wilfried , Meyer Tim , Scharhag Jürgen 
Published: April 2016

Background—
It is under debate whether the cumulative effects of intensive endurance exercise induce chronic cardiac damage, mainly involving the right heart. The aim of this study was to examine the cardiac structure and function in long-term elite master endurance athletes with special focus on the right ventricle by contrast-enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance.

Methods and Results—

Thirty-three healthy white competitive elite male master endurance athletes (age range, 30–60 years) with a training history of 29±8 years, and 33 white control subjects pair-matched for age, height, and weight underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing, echocardiography including tissue-Doppler imaging and speckle tracking, and cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Indexed left ventricular mass and right ventricular mass (left ventricular mass/body surface area, 96±13 and 62±10 g/m
2
;
P
<0.001; right ventricular mass/body surface area, 36±7 and 24±5 g/m
2
;
P
<0.001) and indexed left ventricular end-diastolic volume and right ventricular end-diastolic volume (left ventricular end-diastolic volume/body surface area, 104±13 and 69±18 mL/m
2
;
P
<0.001; right ventricular end-diastolic volume/body surface area, 110±22 and 66±16 mL/m
2
;
P
<0.001) were significantly increased in athletes in comparison with control subjects. Right ventricular ejection fraction did not differ between athletes and control subjects (52±8 and 54±6%;
P
=0.26). Pathological late enhancement was detected in 1 athlete. No correlations were found for left ventricular and right ventricular volumes and ejection fraction with N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, and high-sensitive troponin was negative in all subjects.

Conclusions—
Based on our results, chronic right ventricular damage in elite endurance master athletes with lifelong high training volumes seems to be unlikely. Thus, the hypothesis of an exercise-induced arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy has to be questioned.
New Species of Anthurium section Calomystrium from Costa Rica and Panama
Authors: ORTIZ ORLANDO O. , CROAT THOMAS B. 
Published: April 2016

Five new species of Anthurium section Calomystrium from Central America are described here: A. filamatamaense sp. nov. from Costa Rica and A. lasabanetaense sp. nov., A. roseonaviculare sp. nov., A. solanoi sp. nov. and A. suffusum sp nov. from Panama. The new Panamanian taxa increase the number of species in Anthurium section Calomystrium to forty-two, of which 35 are endemic to the country. In the case of Costa Rica, the number of species increases to nine, of which, three are endemic.
Stability Assurance in IT-Projects Management Systems
Authors: ������  , Zuykov Kirill 
Published: April 2016

The paper is devoted to the IT-projects dynamics analysis in order to develop
management processes that assure stability of the projects to scope
changes. Software development lifecycle is considered combined with one
of organizational changes which are carried out by IT-projects execution.
This integral study of IT-projects organizational structure allows to discover
projects particularities that lead to destabilization and especially &#34;scope
creep&#34; as a main factor of loss of stability and, as a result, failure of objectives
realization. To provide required level the model integrity IT-projects are
to be considered in context of organization&#180;s project portfolio as a part of
business transformation program. The program in turn is studied not in its
entire scope but particularly in its part relative to IT-project implementation
together with obtaining desired results of its product utilization. To secure
metrics-based project objectives achievement control an EVM modification
for IT-projects management is presented in the article. Simulation that is
also performed in the study illustrates internal causes of scope creep problem
and its solution with methods developed in this study and thus project
stability assurance.
The radiographic union scale in tibial (RUST) fractures
Authors: Leow J. M. , Clement N. D. , Tawonsawatruk T. , Simpson C. J. , Simpson A. H. R. W. 
Published: April 2016

Objectives The radiographic union score for tibial (RUST) fractures was developed by Whelan et al to assess the healing of tibial fractures following intramedullary nailing. In the current study, the repeatability and reliability of the RUST score was evaluated in an independent centre (a) using the original description, (b) after further interpretation of the description of the score, and (c) with the immediate post-operative radiograph available for comparison. Methods A total of 15 radiographs of tibial shaft fractures treated by intramedullary nailing (IM) were scored by three observers using the RUST system. Following discussion on how the criteria of the RUST system should be implemented, 45 sets (i.e. AP and lateral) of radiographs of IM nailed tibial fractures were scored by five observers. Finally, these 45 sets of radiographs were rescored with the baseline post-operative radiograph available for comparison. Results The initial intraclass correlation (ICC) on the first 15 sets of radiographs was 0.67 (95% CI 0.63 to 0.71). However, the original description was being interpreted in different ways. After agreeing on the interpretation, the ICC on the second cohort improved to 0.75. The ICC improved even further to 0.79, when the baseline post-operative radiographs were available for comparison. Conclusion This study demonstrates that the RUST scoring system is a reliable and repeatable outcome measure for assessing tibial fracture healing. Further improvement in the reliability of the scoring system can be obtained if the radiographs are compared with the baseline post-operative radiographs. Cite this article: Mr J.M. Leow. The radiographic union scale in tibial (RUST) fractures: Reliability of the outcome measure at an independent centre. Bone Joint Res 2016;5:116–121. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.54.2000628.
Recursive Orthogonal Least Square Based Soft Sensor for Batch Distillation
Authors: Mehta Shubham , Ramani Harish , Yelgatte Nileshkumar N. , Rahman Imran 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
A multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) model, namely Recursive Orthogonal Least Square (ROLS) based radial basis function (RBF) is developed to estimate product compositions in a batch distillation process from temperature measurements. The process data is generated by simulating the differential equations of the batch distillation process, changing the initial feed composition and boiluprate from batch to batch. Moreover, the reflux ratio is also randomly varied within each batch to represent the exact dynamics of the batch distillation. Temperature and distillate composition is correlated by the RBF trained by ROLS algorithm. A Single RBF network estimate the quality of products in real-time. The results show that ROLS based estimator give correct composition estimations for a batch distillation process. The robustness of the ROLS algorithm and low computational requirement makes the estimator attractive for on-line use.
Troponins, intrinsic disorder, and cardiomyopathy
Authors: Na Insung , Kong Min J. , Straight Shelby , Pinto Jose R. , Uversky Vladimir N. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractCardiac troponin is a dynamic complex of troponin C, troponin I, and troponin T (TnC, TnI, and TnT, respectively) found in the myocyte thin filament where it plays an essential role in cardiac muscle contraction. Mutations in troponin subunits are found in inherited cardiomyopathies, such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). The highly dynamic nature of human cardiac troponin and presence of numerous flexible linkers in its subunits suggest that understanding of structural and functional properties of this important complex can benefit from the consideration of the protein intrinsic disorder phenomenon. We show here that mutations causing decrease in the disorder score in TnI and TnT are significantly more abundant in HCM and DCM than mutations leading to the increase in the disorder score. Identification and annotation of intrinsically disordered regions in each of the troponin subunits conducted in this study can help in better understanding of the roles of intrinsic disorder in regulation of interactomes and posttranslational modifications of these proteins. These observations suggest that disease-causing mutations leading to a decrease in the local flexibility of troponins can trigger a whole plethora of functional changes in the heart.
Duality relation among the Hamiltonian structures of a parametric coupled Korteweg-de Vries system
Authors: Restuccia Alvaro , Sotomayor Adrián 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWe obtain the full Hamiltonian structure for a parametric coupled KdV system. The coupled system arises from four different real basic lagrangians. The associated Hamiltonian functionals and the corresponding Poisson structures follow from the geometry of a constrained phase space by using the Dirac approach for constrained systems. The overall algebraic structure for the system is given in terms of two pencils of Poisson structures with associated Hamiltonians depending on the parameter of the Poisson pencils. The algebraic construction we present admits the most general space of observables related to the coupled system. We then construct two master lagrangians for the coupled system whose field equations are theε-parametric Gardner equations obtained from the coupled KdV system through a Gardner transformation. In the weak limitε→ 0 the lagrangians reduce to the ones of the coupled KdV system while, after a suitable redefinition of the fields, in the strong limitε→ ∞ we obtain the lagrangians of the coupled modified KdV system. The Hamiltonian structures of the coupled KdV system follow from the Hamiltonian structures of the master system by taking the two limitsε→ 0 andε→ ∞.