bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The International Society for Bipolar Disorders Task Force report on pediatric bipolar disorder: Knowledge to date and directions for future research
Authors: Goldstein Benjamin I , Birmaher Boris , Carlson Gabrielle A , DelBello Melissa P , Findling Robert L , Fristad Mary , Kowatch Robert A , Miklowitz David J , Nery Fabiano G , Perez‐Algorta Guillermo , Van Meter Anna , Zeni Cristian P , Correll Christoph U , Kim Hyo‐Won , Wozniak Janet , Chang Kiki D , Hillegers Manon , Youngstrom Eric A 
Published: September 2017

ObjectivesOver the past two decades, there has been tremendous growth in research regarding bipolar disorder (BD) among children and adolescents (ie, pediatric BD [PBD]). The primary purpose of this article is to distill the extant literature, dispel myths or exaggerated assertions in the field, and disseminate clinically relevant findings.MethodsAn international group of experts completed a selective review of the literature, emphasizing areas of consensus, identifying limitations and gaps in the literature, and highlighting future directions to mitigate these gaps.ResultsSubstantial, and increasingly international, research has accumulated regarding the phenomenology, differential diagnosis, course, treatment, and neurobiology of PBD. Prior division around the role of irritability and of screening tools in diagnosis has largely abated. Gold‐standard pharmacologic trials inform treatment of manic/mixed episodes, whereas fewer data address bipolar depression and maintenance/continuation treatment. Adjunctive psychosocial treatment provides a forum for psychoeducation and targets primarily depressive symptoms. Numerous neurocognitive and neuroimaging studies, and increasing peripheral biomarker studies, largely converge with prior findings from adults with BD.ConclusionsAs data have accumulated and controversy has dissipated, the field has moved past existential questions about PBD toward defining and pursuing pressing clinical and scientific priorities that remain. The overall body of evidence supports the position that perceptions about marked international (US vs elsewhere) and developmental (pediatric vs adult) differences have been overstated, although additional research on these topics is warranted. Traction toward improved outcomes will be supported by continued emphasis on pathophysiology and novel therapeutics.
VPAC1 and VPAC2 receptor activation on GABA release from hippocampal nerve terminals involve several different signalling pathways
Authors: Cunha‐Reis Diana , Ribeiro Joaquim Alexandre , de Almeida Rodrigo F M , Sebastião Ana M 
Published: September 2017

Background and PurposeVasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is an important modulator of hippocampal synaptic transmission that influences both GABAergic synaptic transmission and glutamatergic cell excitability through activation of VPAC1 and VPAC2 receptors. Presynaptic enhancement of GABA release contributes to VIP modulation of hippocampal synaptic transmission.Experimental ApproachWe investigated which VIP receptors and coupled transduction pathways were involved in VIP enhancement of K+‐evoked [3H]‐GABA release from isolated nerve terminals of rat hippocampus.Key ResultsVIP enhancement of [3H]‐GABA release was potentiated in the presence of the VPAC1 receptor antagonist PG 97‐269 but converted into an inhibition in the presence of the VPAC2 receptor antagonist PG 99‐465, suggesting that activation of VPAC1 receptors inhibits and activation of VPAC2 receptors enhances, GABA release. A VPAC1 receptor agonist inhibited exocytotic voltage‐gated calcium channel (VGCC)‐dependent [3H]‐GABA release through activation of protein Gi/o, an effect also dependent on PKC activity. A VPAC2 receptor agonist enhanced both exocytotic VGCC‐dependent release through protein Gs‐dependent, PKA‐dependent and PKC‐dependent mechanisms and GABA transporter 1‐mediated [3H]‐GABA release through a Gs protein‐dependent and PKC‐dependent mechanism.Conclusions and ImplicationsOur results show that VPAC1 and VPAC2 VIP receptors have opposing actions on GABA release from hippocampal nerve terminals through activation of different transduction pathways. As VPAC1 and VPAC2 receptors are located in different layers of Ammon's horn, our results suggest that these VIP receptors underlie different modulation of synaptic transmission to pyramidal cell dendrites and cell bodies, with important consequences for their possible therapeutic application in the treatment of epilepsy.
Novel tetrahydroacridine derivatives with iodobenzoic acid moiety as multifunctional acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
Authors: Skibiński Robert , Czarnecka Kamila , Girek Małgorzata , Bilichowski Ireneusz , Chufarova Nina , Mikiciuk‐Olasik Elżbieta , Szymański Paweł 
Published: September 2017

New synthesized series of 9‐amino‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroacridine derivatives with iodobenzoic acid moiety were studied for their inhibitory activity toward cholinesterase and against β‐amyloid aggregation. All novel molecules 3a–3i interacted with both cholinesterases—acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase—delivered nanomolar IC50 values. The structure–activity relationship showed that N‐butyl moiety derivatives are stronger inhibitors toward AChE and BuChE than N‐ethyl and N‐propyl moieties compounds. The most potent compound toward acetylcholinesterase was inhibitor 3f (IC50 = 31.2 nm), and it was more active than reference drug, tacrine (IC50 = 100.2 nm). Compound 3f showed strong inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase (IC50 = 8.0 nm), also higher than tacrine (IC50 = 16.3 nm). In the kinetic studies, compound 3f revealed mixed type of acetylcholinesterase inhibition. The computer modeling was carried out. The most active compound 3f was confirmed as peripheral anionic site inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase. Moreover, molecule 3f inhibited β‐amyloid aggregation (at the concentration 10 μm—24.96% of inhibition, 25 μm—72%, 50 μm—78.44%, and 100 μm—84.92%). Therefore, among all examined, compound 3f is the most promising molecule for further, more detailed research of novel multifunctional agents in the therapy of Alzheimer's disease.
CD4+ T helper cells and regulatory T cells in active lupus nephritis: an imbalance towards a predominant Th1 response?
Authors: Mesquita D , Kirsztajn G Mastroianni , Franco M F , Reis L A , Perazzio S F , Mesquita F V , da Silva Ferreira V , Andrade L E Coelho , Silva de Souza A W 
Published: September 2017

Summary
The objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency of CD4+ T cell subsets in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), urine and renal tissue from patients with lupus nephritis (LN). PBMC and urinary cells were collected from 17 patients with active LN, 20 disease controls (DC) with primary glomerulonephritis and 10 healthy controls (HC) and were analysed by flow cytometry with markers for T helper type 1 (Th1), Th2, Th17 and regulatory T cells (Treg) cells. T cell subsets were assessed by immunohistochemistry from LN biopsy specimens from 12 LN patients. T cell subtypes in PBMC were re-evaluated at 6 months of therapy. CD4+ T cells were decreased in PBMC in LN compared with DC and HC (P = 0·0001). No differences were observed in urinary CD4+ T cell subsets between LN and DC. The frequency of urinary Th17 cells was higher in patients with non-proliferative than in proliferative LN (P = 0·041). CD3+ and T-box 21 (Tbet+) cells were found in glomeruli and interstitium of LN patients, while forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3), retinoid-related orphan receptor gamma (ROR-γ) and GATA binding protein 3 (GATA-3) were present only in glomeruli. Th1 cells in PBMC were correlated negatively with urinary Th1 cells (Rho = –0·531; P = 0·028) and with Tbet in renal interstitium (Rho = –0·782; P = 0·004). At 6 months, LN patients showed an increase in Th17 cells in PBMC. In conclusion, the inverse association between Th1 cells from PBMC and urinary/renal tissue indicate a role for Th1 in LN pathophysiology. Urinary Th17 cells were associated with less severe LN, and Th17 increased in PBMC during therapy. Urinary CD4+ T cells were not different between LN and DC.
Cost‐utility analysis of direct ventricular assist device vs double bridges to heart transplantation in patients with refractory heart failure
Authors: Chang Hsiao‐Huang , Chen Po‐Lin , Chen I‐Ming , Kuo Tzu‐Ting , Weng Zen‐Chung , Huang Pei‐Jung , Wu Nai‐Yuan , Cheng Ching‐Li 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectThis study compared the cost‐utility of direct ventricular assist device (VAD) vs double bridges, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) before VAD, to heart transplantation in patients with refractory heart failure.Materials and MethodsFrom a health payer perspective, a Markov model was developed. The cycle length was 1 month, and the time horizon was a lifetime. Probabilities and direct cost data were calculated from a nationwide claim database. Utility inputs were adopted from published sources. The utility was expressed as quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs). Both costs and utility were discounted by an annual rate of 3%. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to test the stability of the model.ResultsThe direct VAD group had less lifetime costs (USD 95 910 vs USD 129 516) but higher lifetime QALYs than the double bridges group (1.73 vs 0.89). The sensitivity analysis revealed that the direct VAD group consistently had lower cost and higher QALYs during all variations in model parameters. The probability that direct VAD was cost‐effective exceeded 75% at any levels of willing‐to‐pay.ConclusionFrom a health insurance payer perspective, direct VAD bridge to heart transplantation appeared to be more cost‐effective than double bridges in patients with refractory heart failure.
Using individual functional channels of interest to study cortical development with fNIRS
Authors: Powell Lindsey J. , Deen Ben , Saxe Rebecca 
Published: September 2017

AbstractFunctional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a noninvasive neuroimaging technique that could be uniquely effective for investigating cortical function in human infants. However, prior efforts have been hampered by the difficulty of aligning arrays of fNIRS optodes placed on the scalp to anatomical or functional regions of underlying cortex. This challenge can be addressed by identifying channels of interest in individual participants, and then testing the reliability of those channels' response profiles in independent data. Using this approach, cortical regions with preferential responses to faces versus scenes, and to scenes versus faces, were observed reliably in both adults and infants. By contrast, standard analysis techniques did not reliably identify significant responses to both categories in either age group. These results reveal scene‐responsive regions, and confirm face‐responsive regions, in preverbal infants. More generally, the analysis approach will be a robust and sensitive tool for future characterization of the early functional development of the human brain.
Digital disruption? Maternal mobile device use is related to infant social‐emotional functioning
Authors: Myruski Sarah , Gulyayeva Olga , Birk Samantha , Pérez‐Edgar Koraly , Buss Kristin A. , Dennis‐Tiwary Tracy A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMobile device use has become increasingly prevalent, yet its impact on infant development remains largely unknown. When parents use mobile devices in front of infants, the parent is physically present but most likely distracted and unresponsive. Research using the classic Still Face Paradigm (SFP) suggests that parental withdrawal and unresponsiveness may have negative consequences for children's social‐emotional development. In the present study, 50 infants aged 7.20 to 23.60 months (M = 15.40, SD = 4.74) and their mothers completed a modified SFP. The SFP consisted of three phases: free play (FP; parent and infant play and interact), still face (SF; parent withdraws attention and becomes unresponsive), and reunion (RU; parent resumes normal interaction). The modified SFP incorporated mobile device use in the SF phase. Parents reported on their typical mobile device use and infant temperament. Consistent with the standard SFP, infants showed more negative affect and less positive affect during SF versus FP. Infants also showed more toy engagement and more engagement with mother during FP versus SF and RU. Infants showed the most social bids during SF and more room exploration in SF than RU. More frequent reported mobile device use was associated with less room exploration and positive affect during SF, and less recovery (i.e., engagement with mother, room exploration positive affect) during RU, even when controlling for individual differences in temperament. Findings suggest that the SFP represents a promising theoretical framework for understanding the impact of parent's mobile device use on infant social‐emotional functioning and parent–infant interactions.
Developmental associations between bilingual experience and inhibitory control trajectories in Head Start children
Authors: Santillán Jimena , Khurana Atika 
Published: September 2017

AbstractChildren from lower socioeconomic (SES) backgrounds tend to be at‐risk for executive function (EF) impairments by the time they are in preschool, placing them at an early disadvantage for academic success. The present study examined the potentially protective role of bilingual experience on the development of inhibitory control (IC) in 1146 Head Start preschoolers who were followed for an 18‐month period during the transition to kindergarten as part of the longitudinal Family and Child Experiences Survey (FACES) 2009 study. Using three waves of data, we predicted individual variation in developmental trajectories of IC for three groups that differed in bilingual experience—English monolinguals, Spanish‐English bilinguals, and a group of children who transitioned from being Spanish monolingual to Spanish‐English bilinguals during the course of the study. Compared to their English monolingual peers, bilingual children from Spanish‐speaking homes showed higher IC performance at Head Start entry, as well as steeper IC growth over time. Children who were Spanish monolingual at the beginning of Head Start showed the lowest IC performance at baseline. However, their rate of IC growth exceeded that of children who remained English monolingual and did not differ from that of their peers who entered Head Start being bilingual. These results suggest that acquiring bilingualism and continued bilingual experience are associated with more rapid IC development during the transition from preschool to kindergarten in children from lower SES backgrounds.
Could FreeStyle Libre™ sensor glucose data support decisions for safe driving?
Authors: Rayman G. , Kröger J. , Bolinder J. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAimMany countries require individuals with diabetes to adhere to standards regarding blood glucose testing in order to be granted or retain a driving licence. Currently, interstitial glucose results may not be used. The aim of this study was to determine whether interstitial glucose measurements using flash glucose‐sensing technology can provide additional information to augment safe driving.MethodsSensor data from two European studies (NCT02232698 and NCT02082184) of the FreeStyle Libre Glucose Monitoring System™ in insulin‐treated Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, 241 and 224 participants respectively, were used to determine the frequency of a low interstitial sensor glucose result (< 3.9 mmol/l) up to 4 h subsequent to a daytime (07:00–21:00 h) capillary blood glucose result ≥ 5 mmol/l.ResultsWithin 4 h of a capillary blood glucose result ≥ 5 mmol/l a sensor glucose result of < 3.9 mmol/l occurred on 22.0% of occasions (2573 of 11 706 blood glucose readings) for those with Type 1 diabetes, and 8.4% of occasions (699/8352) for those with Type 2 diabetes; 13.8% (1610/11 628) and 4.4% (365/8203) within 2 h, and 10.0% (1160/11 601) and 3.1% (254/8152) within 1.5 h. Analysis of sensor glucose results 5–7 mmol/l demonstrated the glucose trend arrow descending on 14.7% (1163/7894, Type 1 diabetes) and 9.4% (305/3233, Type 2 diabetes) of occasions.ConclusionsSensor‐based glucose information with directional arrows has the potential to support assessment of safe glucose levels associated with driving and offers distinct advantages over blood glucose testing for individuals with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes to concord with driving safety standards.
Inequalities in glycaemic control, hypoglycaemia and diabetic ketoacidosis according to socio‐economic status and area‐level deprivation in Type 1 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review
Authors: Lindner L. M. E. , Rathmann W. , Rosenbauer J. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAimThe aim of this systematic review was to examine the associations of individual‐level as well as area‐level socio‐economic status and area‐level deprivation with glycaemic control, hypoglycaemia and diabetic ketoacidosis in people with Type 1 diabetes mellitus.MethodsOvid MEDLINE was searched to identify relevant cohort, case‐control or cross‐sectional studies published between January 2000 and June 2015. Search results were screened by title, abstract and keywords to identify eligible publications. Decisions on inclusion or exclusion of full texts were made independently by two reviewers. The Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale was used to estimate the methodological quality of included studies. Quality assessment and extracted data of included studies were synthesized narratively and reported according to the PRISMA statement.ResultsLiterature search in Ovid MEDLINE identified 1345 eligible studies. Twenty studies matched our inclusion and exclusion criteria. Two articles were additionally identified through hand search. According to the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale, most of the studies were of average quality. Results on associations of socio‐economic status and area‐level deprivation with glycaemic control and hypoglycaemia were contradictory between studies. By contrast, lower socio‐economic status and higher area‐level deprivation were associated with a higher risk for diabetic ketoacidosis in all except one study.ConclusionsLower socio‐economic status and higher area‐level deprivation are associated with a higher risk of experiencing diabetic ketoacidosis in people with Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Access to care for socially deprived people needs to be expanded to overcome impairing effects on the course of the condition and to reduce healthcare disparities.
An asexual strain of Lysiphlebus fabarum (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) gains fitness in superparasitised hosts, but a sexual strain pays costs
Authors: RASEKH ARASH , MICHAUD J. P. , MOHSENI LEILA , KOCHEILI FARHAN 
Published: September 2017

1. The fitness impacts of two levels of superparasitism were compared in a sexual and an asexual strain of Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall) developing in black bean aphids.2. Asexual females were larger than sexuals, had higher eggs loads, and better adult emergence in two of three treatments, but parasitised fewer available aphids in 24 h (80% fewer when foraging alone).3. Superparasitism resulted in wasps that were larger than those emerging from singly parasitised aphids, and asexual females had larger ovaries, without delayed development. In contrast, sexual wasps took about 2 days longer to develop in superparasitised hosts, and females had smaller ovaries with lower egg loads.4. The growth of host aphids bearing asexual larvae was not reduced relative to healthy aphids, except when heavily superparasitised, whereas sexual larvae reduced aphid growth in all treatments.5. Elimination of supernumerary larvae was virtually complete at 4.5 days after parasitism by sexual females, but no elimination occurred among asexual larvae. The evolution of diminished aggression in asexual larvae may be facilitated by greater genetic similarity, without necessarily leading to gregarious development, assuming the extended life of supernumeraries somehow improves survivor fitness.6. Sons of virgin sexual females developed faster than sons of mated females, implicating parental effects that slowed development of the latter.7. It is concluded that asexual females of this strain use superparasitism to improve host quality, and thus the fitness of their daughters, whereas females of the sexual strain prioritise offspring number.
Serotonin reuptake inhibitors and mortality in epilepsy: A linked primary‐care cohort study
Authors: Josephson Colin B. , Gonzalez‐Izquierdo Arturo , Denaxas Spiros , Fitzpatrick Natalie K. , Sajobi Tolulope T. , Engbers Jordan D.T. , Patten Scott , Jette Nathalie , Wiebe Samuel 
Published: September 2017

SummaryObjectivePreliminary evidence suggests that serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SRI) use may increase postictal respiratory drive and prevent death. We sought to determine whether SRIs are associated with improved all‐cause and possible seizure‐specific mortality in patients with epilepsy.MethodsPatients with epilepsy and a random 10:1 sample without epilepsy were extracted from The ClinicAl research using LInked Bespoke studies and Electronic health Records (CALIBER) resource. The hazard ratio (HR) of all‐cause and possible seizure‐specific mortality, treating SRI use as a time‐varying covariate, was determined using the date of a second SRI prescription as exposure and in discrete 6‐month periods over the entire duration of follow‐up. We used Cox regression and competing risk models with Firth correction to calculate the HR. We controlled for age, sex, depression, comorbidity, (Charlson comorbidity index) and socioeconomic status (Index of Multiple Deprivation).ResultsWe identified 2,718,952 eligible patients in CALIBER, of whom 16,379 (0.60%) had epilepsy. Median age and follow‐up were 44 (interquartile range [IQR] 29–61]) and 6.4 years (IQR 2.4–10.4 years), respectively, and 53% were female. A total of 2,178 patients (13%) had at least two SRI prescriptions. Hazard of all‐cause mortality was significantly elevated following a second prescription for an SRI (HR 1.64 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.44–1.86; p < 0.001). The HR was similar in 163,778 age, sex, and general practitioner (GP) practice‐matched controls without epilepsy. Exposure to an SRI was not associated with seizure‐related death (HR 1.08, 95% CI 0.59–1.97; 0.796).SignificanceThere is no evidence in this large population‐based cohort that SRIs protect against all‐cause mortality or seizure‐specific mortality. Rather, SRI use was associated with increased mortality, irrespective of epilepsy, which is probably due to various factors associated with the use of antidepressants. Larger studies with systematically collected clinical data are needed to shed further light on these findings.