bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Roofing Research and Standards Development: 8th Volume
Authors: Rossiter Walter J. , Molleti Sudhakar 
Published: December 2015

Description
This special technical publication consists of 11 symposia papers from ASTM International Technical Committee D08 on Roofing and Waterproofing. Committee D08 is the focal point in North America for the development of standards for low-sloped and steep roofing, and also waterproofing. The extent of its activities stretches across the typical categories of ASTM standards including specifications, test methods, practices, and guides. Fortunately, D08 members bring a broad variety of necessary expertise and backgrounds to cover these activities.
Consistent with the broad range of D08 standards activities, the symposium papers assembled in these current Proceedings range from the practical to the fundamental and include:
• Hygrothermal conditions in attic spaces of wooden houses with eaves ventilation • A test method for a very severe hail rating for low-slope roofing assemblies• Puncture resistance and accelerated aging of TPO membranes • Air leakage properties of seam-fastened roof membrane assemblies• Hygrothermal analysis of pitched-roof underlayment assemblies• Long-term reflective performance of roof surfaces• Service-life assessment of 55% Al-Zn alloy-coated steel standing seam roof systems• Performance of low‐sloped roof structures with varying surface types and ballast layers• Thermal performance evaluation of roofing details• Shear resistance of paving and waterproofing systems.
Health Information Technology and Care Coordination:The Next Big Opportunity for Informatics?
Authors: David Bates W. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryThe costs of care in the U.S. are very high, in part because canre is relatively uncoordinated. To begin to address this and other issues, health care reform was passed, including the notion of accountable care. Under acountable care arrangements, providers are at risk for the costs of the care they provide to groups of patients. Evaluation of costs has made it clear that a large proportion of these costs are in the post-acute setting, and also that many specific problems such as adverse events and unnecessary readmissions occur following transitions. However, the electronic health records of today do not provide a great deal of assistance with the coordination of care, and even the best organizations have relatively primitive systems with respect to care coordination, even though communication is absolutely central to better coordination of care and health information technology (HIT) is a powerful lever for improving communication. This paper identifies specific gaps in care coordination today, presents a framework for better coordinating care using HIT, then describes how specific technologies can be leveraged. Also discussed are the need to build and test specific interventions to improve HIT-related care coordination tools, and the key policy steps needed to accomplish this.
Visual System Assessment in Infants, Children, and Young Adults by Pediatricians
Authors:   COMMITTEE ON PRACTICE AND AMBULATORY MEDICINE,   SECTION ON OPHTHALMOLOGY,   AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CERTIFIED ORTHOPTISTS,   AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR PEDIATRIC OPHTHALMOLOGY AND STRABISMUS,   AMERICAN ACADEMY OF OPHTHALMOLOGY, Simon Geoffrey R. , Boudreau Alexy Darlyn Arauz , Baker Cynthia N. , Barden Graham Arthur , Hackell Jesse M. , Hardin Amy Peykoff , Meade Kelley E. , Moore Scot B. , Richerson Julia , Lehman Sharon S. , Granet David B. , Bradford Geoffrey E. , Rubin Steven E. , Siatkowski R. Michael , Suh Donny Won , Granet David B. 
Published: December 2015

This Policy Statement was reaffirmed October 2021.
Appropriate visual assessments help identify children who may benefit from early interventions to correct or improve vision. Examination of the eyes and visual system should begin in the nursery and continue throughout both childhood and adolescence during routine well-child visits in the medical home. Newborn infants should be examined using inspection and red reflex testing to detect structural ocular abnormalities, such as cataract, corneal opacity, and ptosis. Instrument-based screening, if available, should be first attempted between 12 months and 3 years of age and at annual well-child visits until acuity can be tested directly. Direct testing of visual acuity can often begin by 4 years of age, using age-appropriate symbols (optotypes). Children found to have an ocular abnormality or who fail a vision assessment should be referred to a pediatric ophthalmologist or an eye care specialist appropriately trained to treat pediatric patients.
Procedures for the Evaluation of the Visual System by Pediatricians
Authors: Donahue Sean P. , Baker Cynthia N ,   COMMITTEE ON PRACTICE AND AMBULATORY MEDICINE,   SECTION ON OPHTHALMOLOGY,   AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CERTIFIED ORTHOPTISTS,   AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR PEDIATRIC OPHTHALMOLOGY AND STRABISMUS,   AMERICAN ACADEMY OF OPHTHALMOLOGY, Simon Geoffrey R. , Boudreau Alexy Darlyn Arauz , Baker Cynthia N. , Barden Graham Arthur , Hackell Jesse M. , Hardin Amy Peykoff , Meade Kelley E. , Moore Scot B. , Richerson Julia , Lehman Sharon S. , Granet David B. , Bradford Geoffrey E. , Rubin Steven E. , Siatkowski R. Michael , Suh Donny Won , Granet David B. 
Published: December 2015

This Clinical Report was reaffirmed February 2022.
Vision screening is crucial for the detection of visual and systemic disorders. It should begin in the newborn nursery and continue throughout childhood. This clinical report provides details regarding methods for pediatricians to use for screening.
Reduced Time for Uniform Etching of Cu Power Planes during FIB Editing
Authors: Makarov V.V. , Thompson W.B. , Lundquist T.R. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractDry etching of Cu challenges the Focused Ion Beam (FIB) removal of metallizations. Cu metallizations are comprised of numerous, randomly orientated crystallites. Each orientation shows a different etch rate under ion bombardment, leading to unacceptable damage to underlying dielectric. An improved methodology for uniform Cu etching over dielectric consists of three steps: 1) Exposure, 2) Initial off-normal bombardment and 3) Chemistry assisted ion bombardment. Comparison is made with and without preliminary off-normal bombardment. It is shown that Cu etching preceded by off-normal bombardment was completed ∼50% sooner with decreased dielectric over-etch.
INVESTIGATION OF INNER SHEAR RESISTANCE OF GEOGRIDS BUILT UNDER GRANULAR PROTECTION LAYERS AND RAILWAY BALLAST
Authors: Fischer Sz. 
Published: December 2015

Purpose. Using adequate granular materials and layer structures in the railway super- and substructure is able to stabilise railway track geometry. For this purpose special behaviour of above materials has to be determined, e.g. inner shear resistance. Inner shear resistance of granular media with and without geogrid reinforcement in different depths is not known yet. Methodology. The author developed a special laboratory method to measure and define inner shear resistance of granular materials, it is called «multi-level shear box test». This method is adequate to determine inner shear resistance (pushing force) vs. depth (distance from the «zero» surface). Two different granular materials: andesite railway ballast (31.5/63 mm) and andesite railway protection layer material (0/56 mm), and seven different types of geogrids (GG1…GG7) were used during the tests. Findings. Values of inner shear resistance functions of andesite railway ballast without geogrid reinforcement and reinforced with different types of geogrids and andesite granular protection layer in function of the vertical distance from the geogrid plane were determined with multi-layer shear box tests when the material aggregation is uncompacted and compacted. Only the compacted sample was tested in case of the 0/56 mm protection layer. Cubic polynomial regression functions fitted on the mean values of the measurements are described graphically. Determination coefficients with values of R2>0.97 were resulted in all the cases of regression functions. Based on the polynomial regression functions fitted on the mean values of the test results, three increasing factors were determined in function of the distance measured from the geogrid. Increasing factor «A», «B» and «D». Originality. Multi-level shear box test, developed by the author, is certified unequivocally adequate for determining inner shear resistance of reinforced and unreinforced granular materials, e.g. railway ballast, protection layer. Practical value. The paper formulated the requirements of using geogrid-reinforced railway ballast and protection layer material to stabilise railway track geometry, e.g. dewatering, draining, separation, minimum ballast depth, and suggested geogrid types from investigated ones.
Leseopplæring og fagenes literacy
Authors: Skaftun Atle 
Published: December 2015

Artikkelen er opprinnelig publisert i Leseboka. Leseopplæring i alle fag (Skaftun, Solheim, & Uppstad, 2015), og er et forsøk på å formulere et helhetlig perspektiv på lesing og literacy som bakgrunn for å forstå leseopplæring og fagenes literacy. Ulike forskningsinteresser blir knyttet sammen ved at literacy diskuteres som et spørsmål om tilgang på tre nivå: til skriften, til teksten og til tekstkulturen. Denne forståelsesrammen legges til grunn for å beskrive literacy opplæringen i skolen som en prosess der elevene kan inviteres til å delta i fagspesifikke og mer generelt et akademisk fellesskap. Kjernen i dette fellesskapet er en ambisjon om å stimulere elevenes språklige tenking gjennom erfaring med ulike tenkemåter i de ulike fagene, slik at de samlet tilegner seg et mangfold av strategier å velge blant i møtet med tekster og situasjoner som kaller på forståelse og sunn dømmekraft. Et slikt helhetlig perspektiv på literacy tilfører dybde til forståelsen av lesing som grunnleggende ferdighet.
English abstract
Literacy Education and Subject Literacy
This article is originally published as part of Leseboka. Leseopplæring i alle fag (Skaftun, Solheim, & Uppstad, 2015). It represents an attempt at establishing an integrated perspective on literacy education and literacy in the school disciplines. Different research interests are tied together in a discussion of literacy as a matter of access on three levels: On the level of the written code, of the textual meaning, and that of participation in a text culture. This framework is applied in a description of literacy education as a process where the students may be invited to take part in subject-specific and a more general academic community. The core value in this community is an ambition to stimulate the use of language as a means of thinking by providing experience from the different subjects. As a result, the students should aquire a repertoire of strategies and an ability to choose from this repertoire in a flexible way when facing texts and situations calling for sound judgement. An integrated perspective on literacy might add depth to the understanding of basic literacy skills.
Social Integration Management Of Places Of Worship For Islam And Christian In Surakarta
Authors: Nuriyanto Lilam Kadarin 
Published: December 2015

<p>The dynamics of religious life in Surakarta is an interesting topic to be studied. Although this city is labeled as the home of radical Islamic groups in one side, this town has developed inter-religious harmony. This can be seen from the existence of mosque and church that are build side by side, to name among those are; a mosque of Al-Hikmah with a church GKJ Joyodingratan, and a mosque sami'na with a church GBI Prosperous Diaspora. This study uses a qualitative method. There are two main findings of this research. Firstly, there is tolerance initiated by the religious leaders. Secondly, there is cooperation, mutual assistance, and mutual respect in conducting worship. Furthermore, there is an inclusive attitude in practicing their religion, a wise and open attitude in dealing with activities held between nearby places of worship.</p>
Contrasting patterns of environmental fluctuation contribute to divergent life histories among amphibian populations
Authors: Cayuela Hugo , Arsovski Dragan , Thirion Jean‐Maric , Bonnaire Eric , Pichenot Julian , Boitaud Sylvain , Brison Anne‐Lise , Miaud Claude , Joly Pierre , Besnard Aurelien 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBecause it modulates the fitness returns of possible options of energy expenditure at each ontogenetic stage, environmental stochasticity is usually considered a selective force in driving or constraining possible life histories. Divergent regimes of environmental fluctuation experienced by populations are expected to generate differences in the resource allocation schedule between survival and reproductive effort and outputs. To our knowledge, no study has previously examined how different regimes of stochastic variation in environmental conditions could result in changes in both the temporal variation and mean of demographic parameters, which could then lead to intraspecific variation along the slow–fast continuum of life history tactics. To investigate these issues, we used capture–recapture data collected on five populations of a long‐lived amphibian (Bombina variegata) experiencing two distinct levels of stochastic environmental variation: (1) constant availability of breeding sites in space and time (predictable environment), and (2) variable spatio‐temporal availability of breeding sites (unpredictable environment). We found that female breeding propensity varied more from year to year in unpredictable than in predictable environments. Although females in unpredictable environments produced on average more viable offspring per year, offspring production was more variable between years. Survival at each ontogenetic stage was slightly lower and varied significantly more from year to year in unpredictable environments. Taken together, these results confirm that increased environmental stochasticity can modify the resource allocation schedule between survival and reproductive effort and outputs and may lead to intraspecific variation along the slow–fast continuum of life history tactics.
Winter habitat quality but not long‐distance dispersal influences apparent reproductive success in a migratory bird
Authors: Rushing Clark S. , Marra Peter P. , Dudash Michele R. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractLong‐distance breeding and natal dispersal play central roles in many ecological and evolutionary processes, including gene flow, population dynamics, range expansion, and individual responses to fluctuating biotic and abiotic conditions. However, the relative contribution of long‐distance dispersal to these processes depends on the ability of dispersing individuals to successfully reproduce in their new environment. Unfortunately, due to the difficulties associated with tracking dispersal in the field, relatively little is known about its reproductive consequences. Furthermore, because reproductive success is influenced by a variety of processes, disentangling the influence of each of these processes is critical to understanding the direct consequences of dispersal. In this study, we used stable hydrogen and carbon isotopes to estimate long‐distance dispersal and winter territory quality in a migratory bird, the American Redstart (Setophaga ruticilla). We then applied Aster life‐history models to quantify the strength of influence of these factors on apparent reproductive success. We found no evidence that male or female reproductive success was lower for long‐distance dispersers relative to non‐dispersing individuals. In contrast, carry‐over effects from the winter season did influence male, but not female, reproductive success. Use of Aster models further revealed that for adult males, winter territory quality influenced the number of offspring produced whereas for yearling males, high‐quality winter territories were associated with higher mating and nesting success. These results suggest that although long‐distance natal and breeding dispersal carry no immediate reproductive cost for American Redstarts, reproductive success in this species may ultimately be limited by the quality of winter habitat.
Characterization and tribocorrosion behavior of sputtered NiTi coatings
Authors: Jin XiaoMin , Gao Lizhen , Wang Hefeng , Liu Erqiang 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
In this study, NiTi coatings were deposited onto AISI 316L stainless steel substrates by closed field unbalanced magnetron sputtering. The microstructure and properties of the coatings were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and nano-indentation. The tribocorrosion resistance and corrosion behavior of the stainless steel substrates and NiTi coatings were investigated in Hanks' solution. The experimental results indicated the NiTi coatings show higher corrosion polarization resistance and a more stable corrosion potential in the Hanks' solution than the uncoated stainless steel substrate. The NiTi coatings also exhibited excellent wear resistance and chemical stability in sliding tests with an Si3N4 ball in the Hanks' solution. The tested samples showed different wear mechanisms in the sliding tests. Compared to the SS substrates, the NiTi coatings were more compatible with the Si3N4 ball.
Microstructural development and crystallographic properties of decomposing Fe–N–C compound layers
Authors: Göhring Holger , Kante Stefan , Leineweber Andreas , Mittemeijer Eric Jan 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe microstructural development of Fe–N–C compound layers resulting from nitrocarburising and heat treatments applied to Fe–N and Fe–C alloys was investigated. Slow cooling or secondary annealing, instead of quenching, after the end of the nitrocarburising treatment causes decomposition of γ-Fe[N,C] and ∊-Fe3(N,C)1+x in the compound layer. The resulting decomposition microstructures were analysed by, in particular, light microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction, and X-ray diffraction and electron probe micro-analysis, revealing their constitution and crystallographic properties. The results are discussed in comparison to data obtained from undecomposed, i. e. quenched, specimens and to data reported in the literature.
American Cancer Society/American Society of Clinical Oncology Breast Cancer Survivorship Care Guideline
Authors: Runowicz Carolyn D. , Leach Corinne R. , Henry N. Lynn , Henry Karen S. , Mackey Heather T. , Cowens‐Alvarado Rebecca L. , Cannady Rachel S. , Pratt‐Chapman Mandi L. , Edge Stephen B. , Jacobs Linda A. , Hurria Arti , Marks Lawrence B. , LaMonte Samuel J. , Warner Ellen , Lyman Gary H. , Ganz Patricia A. 
Published: December 2015

Answer questions and earn CME/CNEThe purpose of the American Cancer Society/American Society of Clinical Oncology Breast Cancer Survivorship Care Guideline is to provide recommendations to assist primary care and other clinicians in the care of female adult survivors of breast cancer. A systematic review of the literature was conducted using PubMed through April 2015. A multidisciplinary expert workgroup with expertise in primary care, gynecology, surgical oncology, medical oncology, radiation oncology, and nursing was formed and tasked with drafting the Breast Cancer Survivorship Care Guideline. A total of 1073 articles met inclusion criteria; and, after full text review, 237 were included as the evidence base. Patients should undergo regular surveillance for breast cancer recurrence, including evaluation with a cancer‐related history and physical examination, and should be screened for new primary breast cancer. Data do not support performing routine laboratory tests or imaging tests in asymptomatic patients to evaluate for breast cancer recurrence. Primary care clinicians should counsel patients about the importance of maintaining a healthy lifestyle, monitor for post‐treatment symptoms that can adversely affect quality of life, and monitor for adherence to endocrine therapy. Recommendations provided in this guideline are based on current evidence in the literature and expert consensus opinion. Most of the evidence is not sufficient to warrant a strong evidence‐based recommendation. Recommendations on surveillance for breast cancer recurrence, screening for second primary cancers, assessment and management of physical and psychosocial long‐term and late effects of breast cancer and its treatment, health promotion, and care coordination/practice implications are made. CA Cancer J Clin 2016;43–73. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
The Discovery of a New Master : Roderic O'Conor - 1860-1940
Authors: Powell Larry 
Published: December 2015

Roderic O'Conor was Ireland's most important international artist.
He was a truly remarkable man whose disdain for convention earned him the respect of artists such as Van Gogh, Renoir, Gauguin, Denis and Modigliani. Never a mere follower, like them he was a crusader who courageously devoted his whole life to freedom of expression in Art, oblivious of the disapproval of family, friends and critics.
He came from one of Ireland's most important families, the O'Conor Don, Chieftain of the O'Conors of Connaught and a direct descendant of the last Kings of Ireland.
He rebelled from University, went to France and stayed there approximately sixty years. He became a member of one of the most Avant-garde movements in the history of modern Art.
He was years ahead of the German Expressionists and anticipated the Fauve movement as early as 1897.
Juste like Gauguin and Van Gogh he was a great individual painter and like them died a tragic and lonely figure in the Loire Valley in 1940.
The effect of beta blocker withdrawal on myocardial SPECT modeled from adenosine 13N-ammonia PET
Authors: Hoffmeister K. , Preuss R. , Weise R. , Burchert W. , Lindner O. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryAim: The effect of beta blockers (BB) on myocardial imaging has been studied in several SPECT and PET studies with divergent results concerning perfusion and impact on diagnostic accuracy. The present study evaluated the effect of BB withdrawal on virtual SPECT studies modeled from quantitative PET perfusion scans. Patients, methods: Data from 20 CAD patients scheduled for adenosine 13N-ammonia imaging with and without BB were considered. Modeling the uptake characteristics of 99mTc-MIBI, all parametric stress PET polarmaps were transferred to virtual 20-segment SPECT polarmaps. The SPECT studies were categorized with a 5-point score and read to assess the effect of the BB withdrawal on scan result and interpretation. Results: The SPECT analysis revealed a mean score of 6.0 ± 4.7 with, and of 5.9 ± 4.5 without BB (p = 0.84). In 260 (74.9%) segments the scores were equal in both conditions. Without BB a downstaging was recorded in 44 segments (12.7%), an upstaging in 43 segments (12.4%). An essentially different interpretation (shift from medical therapy recommendation to angiography) was recorded in one patient. In six cases the interpretation differed mildly. Conclusion: In the majority of patients studied, scan results and interpretation remain unchanged after discontinuation of the BB. Nevertheless, the segmental scan results are not uniformly affected. The recommendation to stop BBs prior to stress testing in order to ensure the highest MBF remains advisable. If temporary BB withdrawal is unfeasible due to contraindications, a tight clinical schedule, or because a patient forgot to withhold the BB, it is appropriate to perform adenosine stress testing according to the results of this study.