bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scaling Features of High‐Latitude Geomagnetic Field Fluctuations at Swarm Altitude: Impact of IMF Orientation
Authors: De Michelis Paola , Consolini Giuseppe , Tozzi Roberta , Marcucci Maria Federica 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis paper attempts to explore the statistical scaling features of high‐latitude geomagnetic field fluctuations at Swarm altitude. Data for this study are low‐resolution (1 Hz) magnetic data recorded by the vector field magnetometer on board Swarm A satellite over 1 year (from 15 April 2014 to 15 April 2015). The first‐ and second‐order structure function scaling exponents and the degree of intermittency of the fluctuations of the intensity of the horizontal component of the magnetic field at high northern latitudes have been evaluated for different interplanetary magnetic field orientations in the GSM Y‐Z plane and seasons. In the case of the first‐order structure function scaling exponent, a comparison between the average spatial distributions of the obtained values and the statistical convection patterns obtained using a Super Dual Auroral Radar Network dynamic model (CS10 model) has been also considered. The obtained results support the idea that the knowledge of the scaling features of the geomagnetic field fluctuations can help in the characterization of the different ionospheric turbulence regimes of the medium crossed by Swarm A satellite. This study shows that different turbulent regimes of the geomagnetic field fluctuations exist in the regions characterized by a double‐cell convection pattern and in those regions near the border of the convective structures.
Fault Segmentation as Constraint to the Occurrence of the Main Shocks of the 2016 Central Italy Seismic Sequence
Authors: Pizzi A. , Di Domenica A. , Gallovič F. , Luzi L. , Puglia R. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe perform the finite‐extent fault inversion of the three main events of the 2016 Central Italy seismic sequence using near‐source strong motion records. We demonstrate that both earthquake nucleation and rupture propagation were controlled by segmentation of the (N)NW‐(S)SE trending Quaternary normal faults. The first shock of the sequence (24 August,Mw6.0) ruptured at the relay zone between the Laga Mts (LF) and the Cordone del Vettore (CVF) normal faults. The second shock (26 October,Mw5.9) nucleated at a minor relay zone within the Mt. Vettore‐Mt. Bove fault (VBF), while the third and largest one (30 October,Mw6.5) initiated at the relay zone between the VBF and CVF, triggering the multiple rupture of the VBF, CVF, and probably LF. We show that this latter relay zone corresponds to the deeper, high‐angle, fault zone of the Sibillini Mts cross structure, a thrust‐ramp inherited from the Miocene‐Pliocene contractional phase of the Apennines. This structure acted as a barrier to rupture propagation of the first two events thus defining an area of large stress concentration until it acted as the initiator of the rupture originating the largestMw6.5 event that crossed the barrier itself. We suggest that the “young” CVF have started to cut through the barrier acting as a soft‐linkage between the two long‐lived LF and VBF. The evidence that coseismic cumulative slip shows a maximum at the CVF, provided by both slip inversion and original surface rupture data, suggests that the CVF is growing faster than the adjacent faults.
Evolution of Plasmodesmata
Authors: Raven John A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionThe Distribution of Plasmodesmata among Extant Photosynthetic OrganismsThe Phylogeny of Photosynthetic Organisms and its Relation to the Occurrence of PlasmodesmataFunctional Aspects of the Distribution and Evolution of PlasmodesmataFunctioning of Complex Photosynthetic Organisms Which Lack PlasmodesmataConclusionsNote
MicroRNAs: Micro‐Managing the Plant Genome
Authors: Floyd Sandra K. , Bowman John L. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areAbstractDiscovery ofmiRNAsmiRNAsVersussiRNAsBiogenesis ofmiRNAs: Pri‐miRNA, Pre‐miRNA, MaturemiRNAsmiRNANomenclatureModes of Gene Regulation bymiRNAs: Translation VersusmRNACleavage Versus ChromatinmiRNAsand Their TargetsFunctional Characterization ofmiRNAs– Case StudiesEvolution ofmiRNA‐Mediated Gene RegulationAcknowledgments
Effect of Topical Application of Black Seed Oil on Imiquimod‐Induced Psoriasis‐like Lesions in the Thin Skin of Adult Male Albino Rats
Authors: Okasha Ebtsam F. , Bayomy Naglaa A. , Abdelaziz Eman Z. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTPsoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that affects about 1%–3% of the world's population. Black seed oil, i.e., the oil extracted from black seeds (Nigella sativa seeds), possesses a broad spectrum of pharmacological actions including anti‐inflammatory, immunostimulatory, and antioxidant properties. This study aimed to investigate the effect of black seed oil on imiquimod (IMQ) induced psoriasis‐like skin lesions. To this end, 30 male albino rats were divided into three groups: group I, control group; group II, psoriasis‐induced group receiving daily topical applications of IMQ cream (5%) on the shaved back skin for 10 consecutive days; and group III, black seed oil group receiving a daily topical dose of black seed oil 5 mg/kg body weight for 10 days after induction of psoriasis. Animals of all groups were sacrificed and specimens obtained from the skin of the central part of the back were processed for histological and immunohistochemical staining with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). IMQ application led to epidermal inflammation, hyperplasia and alterations in the normal appearance of keratinocytes with degenerative changes observed at both light and electron microscopic levels. Collagenous fibers were abundant in the dermis and PCNA‐positive cells were detected in all layers of the epidermis. However, topical use of black seed oil strongly inhibited IMQ‐induced psoriasis‐like inflammation and alleviated all epidermal and dermal changes observed after IMQ application, allowing us to conclude that black seed oil can be used as an adjuvant topical therapy for treating psoriasis. Anat Rec, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Anat Rec, 301:166–174, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On the Design of Event‐Triggered Suboptimal Controllers for Nonlinear Systems
Authors: Batmani Yazdan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn this paper, two suboptimal event‐triggered control techniques are proposed for both the regulation and the tracking problems in a broad class of nonlinear networked control systems. The proposed techniques are based on the state‐dependent Riccati equation (SDRE) methodology. In the case of the regulation problem, the asymptotic stability of the origin of the closed‐loop system under the proposed event‐triggered control law is investigated. In addition, for the tracking problem, it is proved that the tracking error between the system output and its desired trajectory converges asymptotically to zero under some mild conditions. It is shown that the proposed methods can considerably reduce the information exchange between the controller and the actuator. Due to the implementation procedures of the proposed techniques, no Zeno behavior is occurred. Three numerical simulations are provided to demonstrate the design procedure and the flexibility of the proposed event‐triggered control techniques.
Working at the membrane interface: Ligand‐induced changes in dynamic conformation and oligomeric structure in human aromatase
Authors: Di Nardo Giovanna , Cimicata Giuseppe , Baravalle Roberta , Dell'Angelo Valentina , Ciaramella Alberto , Catucci Gianluca , Ugliengo Piero , Gilardi Gianfranco 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAromatase catalyzes the biosynthesis of estrogens from androgens. Owing to the physiological importance of this conversion of lipophilic substrates, the interaction with the lipid bilayer for this cytochrome P450 is crucial for its dynamics that must allow an easy access to substrates and inhibitors. Here, the aromatase–anastrozole interaction is studied by combining computational methods to identify possible access/egress routes with the protein inserted in the membrane and experimental tools aimed at the investigation of the effect of the inhibitor on the protein conformation. By means of molecular dynamics simulations of the protein inserted in the membrane, two channels, not detected in the starting crystal structure, are found after a 20‐nSec simulation. Trypsin digestion on the recombinant protein shows that the enzyme is strongly protected by the presence of the substrate and even more by the inhibitor. DSC experiments show an increase in the melting temperature of the protein in complex with the substrate (49.3 °C) and the inhibitor (58.7 °C) compared to the ligand‐free enzyme (45.9 °C), consistent with a decrease of flexibility of the protein. The inhibitor anastrozole enters the active site of the protein through a channel different from that used from the substrate and promotes a conformational change that stiffens the protein conformation and decreases the protein–protein interaction between different aromatase molecules.
Clinical predictive factors of long‐term survival after curative resection of pancreatic cancer: a retrospective study
Authors: Nakano Yutaka , Kitago Minoru , Shinoda Masahiro , Abe Yuta , Yagi Hiroshi , Hibi Taizo , Takeuchi Ayano , Aiura Koichi , Itano Osamu , Kitagawa Yuko 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) continues to have the poorest prognosis of all gastrointestinal malignancies, even after the tumor has been completely resected. However, only a proportion of patients achieve 5‐year survival after resection. The factors predictive of achieving 5‐year survival remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the pre‐ and postoperative clinicopathological characteristics of PDAC patients with a >5‐year survival after curative resection. We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent pancreatectomy for PDAC between January 1995 and December 2011. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the predictive factors for 5‐year survival. One hundred and fifty‐one patients were enrolled, including 38 patients with 5‐year survival (actual 5‐year survival rate, 25.2%). The independent preoperative factors predictive of achieving 5‐year survival included serum albumin levels (odds ratio [OR]: 5.06, 95.0% confidence interval [CI]: 1.49–17.19; P = 0.009) and neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (OR: 3.02, 95.0% CI: 1.00–9.08; P = 0.049). Venous infiltration (OR: 2.99, 95.0% CI: 1.09–8.25; P = 0.034), liver recurrence (OR: 0.17, 95.0% CI: 0.04–0.69; P = 0.013), and perioperative portal vein infusion chemotherapy (OR: 3.06, 95.0% CI: 1.09–8.25; P = 0.028) were found to be independent postoperative predictive factors for achieving 5‐year survival. Serum albumin levels could be a biomarker for predicting the prognosis of PDAC patients after curative resection. Liver recurrence and perioperative portal vein infusion chemotherapy were independent postoperative factors, suggesting that perioperative portal vein infusion chemotherapy could be promising for improving the survival rate of PDAC patients after curative resection.
Copper‐Catalysed Aminoboration of Vinylarenes with Hydroxylamine Esters—A Computational Mechanistic Study
Authors: Tobisch Sven 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAn in‐depth computational probe of the copper‐mediated formal aminoboration of β‐alkylstyrenes with bis(pinacolato)diboron B2pin2 and an archetype hydroxylamine ester by a dppbz‐ligated {P^P}CuI boryl catalyst (dppbz≡{P^P}≡1,2‐bis(diphenylphosphino)benzene) is presented. This first comprehensive computational study of the copper‐mediated formal aminoboration utilising an electrophilic strategy has identified the most accessible pathway for productive catalysis. The mechanistic picture derived from smooth energy profiles acquired by employing a reliable computational protocol applied to a realistic catalyst model conforms to all available experimental data. The high degree of regio‐ and stereoselectivity achieved in syn‐borylcupration and Umpolung electrophilic amination is instrumental to the exclusive generation of the (syn)‐β‐aminoalkylborane product. On the one hand, syn‐borylcupration furnishes exclusively β‐borylalkylcopper nucleophile upon boryl addition onto the vinylarene β‐carbon. Its subsequent approach by the hydroxylamine electrophile to deliver the product with the release of {P^P}CuI benzoate favours a stepwise stereoretentive SN2‐type oxidative addition/N−C bond‐forming reductive elimination sequence. The copper benzoate species represents the catalyst resting state, and its transformation into the catalytically active borylcopper species upon salt metathesis with Li(OtBu) base and transmetallation with B2pin2 is turnover limiting. Electronically modified β‐alkylstyrenes featuring a para‐CF3 substituted phenyl ring render the borylcupration faster, and more electron‐rich hydroxylamine agents decelerate the electrophilic amination.
Kymograph analysis with high temporal resolution reveals new features of neurofilament transport kinetics
Authors: Fenn J. Daniel , Johnson Christopher M. , Peng Juan , Jung Peter , Brown Anthony 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe have used kymograph analysis combined with edge detection and an automated computational algorithm to analyze the axonal transport kinetics of neurofilament polymers in cultured neurons at 30 ms temporal resolution. We generated 301 kymographs from 136 movies and analyzed 726 filaments ranging from 0.6 to 42 µm in length, representing ∼37,000 distinct moving and pausing events. We found that the movement is even more intermittent than previously reported and that the filaments undergo frequent, often transient, reversals which suggest that they can engage simultaneously with both anterograde and retrograde motors. Average anterograde and retrograde bout velocities (0.9 and 1.2 µm s−1, respectively) were faster than previously reported, with maximum sustained bout velocities of up to 6.6 and 7.8 µm s−1, respectively. Average run lengths (∼1.1 µm) and run times (∼1.4 s) were in the range reported for molecular motor processivity in vitro, suggesting that the runs could represent the individual processive bouts of the neurofilament motors. Notably, we found no decrease in run velocity, run length or run time with increasing filament length, which suggests that either the drag on the moving filaments is negligible or that longer filaments recruit more motors.
Ring‐Opening Polymerization of l‐Lactide to Cyclic Poly(Lactide) by Zeolitic Imidazole Framework ZIF‐8 Catalyst
Authors: Luo Zhixiong , Chaemchuen Somboon , Zhou Kui , Verpoort Francis 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe catalytic activity of ZIF‐8 in the ring‐opening polymerization of l‐lactide without solvents or cocatalysts is presented for the first time. Two different synthetic strategies have been applied for synthesizing ZIF‐8, either under solvothermal condition or by spray‐drying procedure. Their catalytic activities are found to be correlating with the presence of open active sites in ZIF‐8 structure. The structural defects that afford active acid and basic sites are supposed to cooperatively catalyze the reaction. ZIF‐8 assembled by spray‐drying technique, displays a superior catalytic activity at temperature of 160 °C, leading to the formation of high molecular weight cyclic polylactide. The ZIF‐8 catalysts could be recycled and reused without any significant loss of catalytic activity.
CH3NH3Br Additive for Enhanced Photovoltaic Performance and Air Stability of Planar Perovskite Solar Cells prepared by Two‐Step Dipping Method
Authors: Zhang Lei , Zhang Xuezhen , Xu Xiaoxia , Tang Jie , Wu Jihuai , Lan Zhang 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe biggest challenge for the pursuit of potentially available perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is to achieve both high power conversion efficiency and good long‐term stability. Here we report a facile CH3NH3Br (MABr) additive route to achieve the aim. We demonstrate that the application of MABr additive can greatly improve the quality of the perovskite film by diminishing the number of small crystal grains to form large ones, which can substantially decrease grain boundaries and enable direct connection of electron‐ and hole‐transport layers with one large crystal grain. These changes lead to enhanced electron transport rate, suppressed recombination, improved photovoltaic performance, and reduced hysteresis of the device assembled using the perovskite film with MABr additive compared to the device without the MABr additive. Furthermore, the large crystal grains and their compact stacking can effectively withstand moisture corrosion, thereby contributing to significantly enhanced air stability for the perovskite film with MABr additive and the corresponding device. This work highlights the valuable MABr additive route for developing potentially available, efficient, and stable PSCs.
Isotopic and chemical characteristics of mercury in organs and tissues of fish in a mercury-polluted lake: Evidence for fractionation of mercury isotopes by physiological processes
Authors: Jackson Togwell A. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Organs and tissues of whitefish and trout from mercury (Hg)-polluted Lake Ontario were analyzed for Hg isotopes, methylmercury (CH3Hg+), and inorganic Hg to investigate possible mass-dependent fractionation (MDF) and mass-independent fractionation (MIF) of Hg isotopes by physiological processes of the fish. Isotope signatures of different body parts were defined by δ-values of 198Hg/202Hg, 199Hg/202Hg, 200Hg/202Hg, and 201Hg/202Hg ratios and by Δ-values representing effects of MIF on 199Hg/202Hg and 201Hg/202Hg ratios. The research yielded the following evidence for MDF and MIF, including MIF of isotopes with even as well as odd mass numbers, by metabolic activities: 1) anomalously low δ-values for whitefish kidneys but not for trout kidneys; 2) widely varying differences between the δ-values of different body parts of whitefish but practically uniform differences for those of trout; 3) different relationships between Δ199Hg and Δ201Hg for whitefish than for trout; 4) nonlinear correlation between δ198Hg and δ200Hg for whitefish but linear correlation for trout; 5) an inverse correlation between the δ199Hg values and CH3Hg+ concentrations of whitefish and trout; 6) an inverse correlation between the δ201Hg/δ199Hg and CH3Hg+/inorganic Hg ratios of trout kidneys and gills (and lipids of trout near the sources of pollution) but a positive correlation for muscle, liver, and gut; and 7) inverse correlations between Δ199Hg and the CH3Hg+/inorganic Hg ratio for trout liver, kidneys, and gut. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:515–529. © 2017 SETAC
Freirean Pedagogy in Street Education: Unveiling the Impact on Street Children in Brazil
Authors: Firme Thereza Penna , Stone Vathsala Iyengar 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis chapter reports an evaluation of programs serving street children in Brazil during the mid‐1980s. At the time, several hundred independent programs for street children had emerged all over Brazil. Paulo Freire's views and concern for an appropriate educational process that regards the cultural identity of these children and youth as well as their self‐acceptance were fundamental to the conception and development of many of these programs. UNICEF commissioned a groundbreaking study that would provide a methodological basis for more comprehensive evaluations in the future. This chapter shows how Freirean pedagogy influenced both the interventions and the evaluation.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Benzylation of C−H Bonds in Aromatic Amides with Benzyltrimethylammonium Halides
Authors: Sasagawa Akane , Yamaguchi Mao , Ano Yusuke , Chatani Naoto 
Published: September 2017

AbstractNickel‐catalyzed benzylation reactions of C−H bonds in aromatic amides with benzyltrimethylammonium halides are developed by using a 5‐chloro‐8‐aminoquinoline derivative as a bidentate directing group. Benzylation occurs selectively at the ortho‐C−H bonds in aromatic amides, and no methylation was detected. The presence of a 5‐chloro‐8‐aminoquinoline moiety is essential for the success of this reaction, in which a variety of functional groups can be tolerated.
Inverse response of osteoblasts and fibroblasts to growth on carbon‐deposited titanium surfaces
Authors: Yoshihara Chie , Ueno Takeshi , Chen Peng , Tsutsumi Yusuke , Hanawa Takao , Wakabayashi Noriyuki 
Published: September 2017

AbstractTitanium implant surfaces may serve as attachment substrates for various cell types. Since carbon adsorption on titanium is inevitable, this study examined the negative/positive biological reaction of osteoblasts and fibroblasts on carbon‐deposited titanium surfaces. Osteogenic MC3T3‐E1 and fibrogenic NIH/3T3 cells were separately cultured on titanium disks on which carbon deposition was experimentally regulated to achieve titanium/carbon ratios of 6.5, 0.02, 0.005, and 0. The initial attachment of cells demonstrated that the quantity of attached osteoblasts on Ti/C (0.005) surfaces was 20% lower than that on Ti/C (6.5) surfaces at 4 h of culture. A 40% reduction in cell attachment at 24 h transferring from Ti/C (6.5) to Ti/C (0.005) surfaces highlighted the negative effect of carbon deposition on osteoblast attachment. However, the initial attachment of fibroblasts, which depended on carbon deposition, increased, and the quantity of cells on Ti/C (0.005) surfaces was almost twice that on Ti/C (6.5) surfaces at 4 h of culture. The levels of common differentiation markers of collagen synthesis were also differentially carbon‐dependent as total collagen deposition on Ti/C (0.005) decreased by > 30% compared to that on Ti/C (6.5) in osteoblasts after 7 days of culture. In contrast, collagen synthesis in fibroblasts markedly increased as was evident by the increase in carbon deposition. These inverse effects indicate that carbon deposition on a titanium surface would likely be a disadvantage for bone formation, but might represent an effective option for achieving better wound healing and soft tissue sealing around the surface of an implant‐neck region. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1869–1877, 2018.
Testing of a bioactive, moldable bone graft substitute in an infected, critically sized segmental defect model
Authors: Brown Matt E. , Zou Yuan , Peyyala Rebecca , Huja Sarandeep S. , Cunningham Larry L. , Milbrandt Todd A. , Dziubla Thomas D. , Puleo David A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractLarge infected bone defects, often resulting from high energy traumas, are difficult to treat due to their variability in complexity and location. Standard treatment for infected bone defects begins with a protocol that includes a series of debridements in conjunction with an extended course of systemic antibiotics. Only after the infection has been eliminated will repair of the defect commence, typically with implantation of autologous bone. To address some of the shortcomings of the standard treatment methods, such as serial procedures, limited grafting material, and the need for a second surgical site for autologous bone, a sequential, dual drug‐releasing, moldable, calcium sulfate‐based bone graft substitute was developed previously. In the present studies, the effectiveness of the material for treating both the infection with vancomycin and bone defect with simvastatin was evaluated in vivo using a critically sized, infected segmental defect model in rat femurs. Although the infection was not fully eliminated, the local release of vancomycin increased survivorship of infected animals by 464% compared to nontreated controls. Infected animals receiving antimicrobial treatment showed comparable amounts of new bone formation within the defect site when compared to noninfected controls. Incorporating agents capable of disrupting established biofilms into bone graft substitutes may enhance effectiveness in treating a biofilm infection within a bone defect. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1878–1886, 2018.