bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental and numerical study of ultra-short laser-produced collimated Cu Kα X-ray source
Authors: Rathore R. , Arora V. , Singhal H. , Mandal T. , Chakera J.A. , Naik P.A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractKα X-ray sources generated from the interaction of ultra-short laser pulses with solids are compact and low-cost source of ultra-short quasi-monochromatic X-rays compared with synchrotron radiation source. Development of collimated ultra-short Kα X-ray source by the interaction of 45 fs Ti:sapphire laser pulse with Cu wire target is presented in this paper. A study of the Kα source with laser parameters such as energy and pulse duration was carried out. The observed Kα X-ray photon flux was ~2.7 × 108 photons/shot at the laser intensity of ~2.8 × 1017 W cm−2. A model was developed to analyze the observed results. The Kα radiation was coupled to a polycapillary collimator to generate a collimated low divergence (0.8 mrad) X-ray beam. Such sources are useful for time-resolved X-ray diffraction and imaging studies.
Putative germline and pluripotent stem cells in adult mouse ovary and their in vitro differentiation potential into oocyte-like and somatic cells
Authors: Esmaeilian Yashar , Atalay Arzu , Erdemli Esra 
Published: July 2017

SummaryAccording to classical knowledge of reproductive biology, in the ovary of female mammals there is a limited number of oocytes and there is no possibility of renewal if the oocytes are lost due to disease or injury. However, in recent years, the results of some studies on renewal and formation of oocytes and follicles in the adult mammalian ovary have led to the questioning of this opinion. The aim of our study is to demonstrate the presence of putative germline and pluripotent stem cells in the adult mouse ovary and their differentiation potential into germ and somatic cells. In ovary tissues and cells harvested from pre-differentiation step, the expression of pluripotent and germline stem cell markers was analysed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunofluorescence staining and western blotting. Embryoid bodies that formed in this step were analysed using immunofluorescence staining and transmission electron microscopy. Ovarian stem cells were induced to differentiate into oocyte, osteoblast, chondrocyte and neural cells. Besides morphological observation, differentiated cells were analysed by RT-PCR, histochemical and immunofluorescence staining. Expression of germline and pluripotent stem cell markers both in mRNA and at the protein level were detected in the pre-differentiated cells and ovary tissues. As a result of the differentiation process, the formation of oocyte-like cells, osteoblasts, chondrocytes and neural cells was observed and characteristics of differentiated cells were confirmed using the methods mentioned above. Our study results revealed that the adult mouse ovary contains germline and pluripotent stem cells with the capacity to differentiate into oocyte-like cells, osteoblasts, chondrocytes and neural cells.
On-Scene Rescue Breathing Resulting in Gastric Perforation and Massive Pneumoperitoneum
Authors: Butterfield Mike , Peredy Tamas 
Published: July 2017

AbstractRescue breathing performed too vigorously or by untrained individuals may cause gastric distension and perforation. A 26-year-old woman is presented who developed acute abdominal pain and distension after receiving rescue breathing following a heroin overdose. Massive pneumoperitoneum was seen on chest x-ray, and on subsequent laparotomy, a 4cm laceration was found in the lesser curvature of the stomach. Review of the literature suggests that the lesser curvature is particularly susceptible to perforation following over-distension. Emergency personnel should be aware of this rare, but serious, complication. Expansion of community and first responder naloxone use in the proper clinical setting may further diminish utilization of rescue breathing.ButterfieldM, PeredyT. On-scene rescue breathing resulting in gastric perforation and massive pneumoperitoneum. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017;32(6):682–683.
Modi der Verständlichkeit und die Magie des Unverständlichen
Authors: Pfister Hans-Rüdiger , Böhm Gisela , Bassarak Claudia 
Published: July 2017

Zusammenfassung. In diesem Aufsatz entwickeln wir einen hypothetischen Klassifizierungsansatz, in dessen Rahmen wir verschiedene Formen des Verständnisses eines Wissenschaftsbereichs herausarbeiten und deren Bedeutung für die Risikowahrnehmung darstellen. Empirisch kann zunehmendes Verständnis sowohl zur Akzeptanz von Risiken aber auch zu Polarisierung und starker Ablehnung führen; hingegen ist Unverständnis oftmals mit kritikloser Akzeptanz verbunden, ein Phänomen, das wir als Magie des Unverständlichen bezeichnen. Wir schlagen eine Taxonomie verschiedener Modi und Entwicklungspfade von wissenschaftlichem (Un–)Verständnis vor: Aus einer Zone der (a) Ignoranz und Indifferenz führt ein Pfad zu (b) Vertrautheit und Akzeptanz, ein zweiter zu (c) Fragilität und Polarisierung, und ein dritter zur (d) Magie der Unverständlichkeit. Wir beschreiben Charakteristika von Risikobereichen, die beeinflussen, in welche Richtung sich der öffentliche Diskurs entwickelt und diskutieren Implikationen für die Wissenschaftskommunikation.
Sulforaphane-cysteine-induced apoptosis via phosphorylated ERK1/2-mediated maspin pathway in human non-small cell lung cancer cells
Authors: Lin Kai , Yang Ronghui , Zheng Zhongnan , Zhou Yan , Geng Yang , Hu Yabin , Wu Sai , Wu Wei 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSulforaphane (SFN) was demonstrated to induce apoptosis in a variety of cancers via multiple mechanisms. However, owing to a short half-life in circulation, SFN was not used for clinical treatment yet. Interestingly, SFN analog, sulforaphane-cysteine (SFN-Cys) has a longer half-life in metabolism, and we previously demonstrated that SFN-Cys inhibited invasion in human prostate cancer cells. Here, we would investigate whether SFN-Cys induces apoptosis and find the underlying mechanisms in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Western blots were used to test the molecular linkages among extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) and downstream signal molecules. Flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy were used to detect cell death. Cell proliferation assay showed that SFN-Cys inhibited cell viability following a dose-dependent manner. Abnormal cell morphology was viewed after the cells were exposed to SFN-Cys. Flow cytometry showed that SFN-Cys induced cell apoptosis via a dose-dependent manner. Further, SFN-Cys triggered the activation of ERK1/2, which resulted in the upregulation of maspin, Bax, cleaved caspase-3 and downregulation of pro-caspase-3, Bcl-2, α-tubulin. Meanwhile, we demonstrated that recombinant caspase-3 cleaved α-tubulin in the lysate of cells, which were treated by SFN-Cys. These data indicated that SFN-Cys activated the ERK1/2-mediated mitochondria signaling pathway with maspin upregulation and α-tubulin downregulation leading to apoptosis. These findings will help to develop a novel therapeutic to target NSCLC cells.
First integrative trend analysis for a great ape species in Borneo
Authors: Santika Truly , Ancrenaz Marc , Wilson Kerrie A. , Spehar Stephanie , Abram Nicola , Banes Graham L. , Campbell-Smith Gail , Curran Lisa , d’Arcy Laura , Delgado Roberto A. , Erman Andi , Goossens Benoit , Hartanto Herlina , Houghton Max , Husson Simon J. , Kühl Hjalmar S. , Lackman Isabelle , Leiman Ashley , Llano Sanchez Karmele , Makinuddin Niel , Marshall Andrew J. , Meididit Ari , Mengersen Kerrie , Musnanda  , Nardiyono  , Nurcahyo Anton , Odom Kisar , Panda Adventus , Prasetyo Didik , Purnomo  , Rafiastanto Andjar , Raharjo Slamet , Ratnasari Dessy , Russon Anne E. , Santana Adi H. , Santoso Eddy , Sapari Iman , Sihite Jamartin , Suyoko Ahmat , Tjiu Albertus , Utami-Atmoko Sri Suci , van Schaik Carel P. , Voigt Maria , Wells Jessie , Wich Serge A. , Willems Erik P. , Meijaard Erik 
Published: July 2017

AbstractFor many threatened species the rate and drivers of population decline are difficult to assess accurately: species’ surveys are typically restricted to small geographic areas, are conducted over short time periods, and employ a wide range of survey protocols. We addressed methodological challenges for assessing change in the abundance of an endangered species. We applied novel methods for integrating field and interview survey data for the critically endangered Bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus), allowing a deeper understanding of the species’ persistence through time. Our analysis revealed that Bornean orangutan populations have declined at a rate of 25% over the last 10 years. Survival rates of the species are lowest in areas with intermediate rainfall, where complex interrelations between soil fertility, agricultural productivity, and human settlement patterns influence persistence. These areas also have highest threats from human-wildlife conflict. Survival rates are further positively associated with forest extent, but are lower in areas where surrounding forest has been recently converted to industrial agriculture. Our study highlights the urgency of determining specific management interventions needed in different locations to counter the trend of decline and its associated drivers.
Propagation-based Phase-Contrast X-ray Imaging at a Compact Light Source
Authors: Gradl Regine , Dierolf Martin , Hehn Lorenz , Günther Benedikt , Yildirim Ali Önder , Gleich Bernhard , Achterhold Klaus , Pfeiffer Franz , Morgan Kaye Susannah 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe demonstrate the applicability of propagation-based X-ray phase-contrast imaging at a laser-assisted compact light source with known phantoms and the lungs and airways of a mouse. The Munich Compact Light Source provides a quasi-monochromatic beam with partial spatial coherence, and high flux relative to other non-synchrotron sources (up to 1010 ph/s). In our study we observe significant edge-enhancement and quantitative phase-retrieval is successfully performed on the known phantom. Furthermore the images of a small animal show the potential for live bio-imaging research studies that capture biological function using short exposures.
5T4-specific chimeric antigen receptor modification promotes the immune efficacy of cytokine-induced killer cells against nasopharyngeal carcinoma stem cell-like cells
Authors: Guo Xueyang , Zheng Hang , Luo Weiren , Zhang Qianbing , Liu Jingxian , Yao Kaitai 
Published: July 2017

AbstractRelapse and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) are presumably attributed to cancer stem cells (CSCs). In recent years, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified immune effector cells have been shown to have impressive antitumour efficacy. In this study, we aimed to identify appropriate tumour-associated antigens predominantly expressed on NPC stem cells (NPCSCs) and determine their suitability for CAR-engineered cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cell therapy against NPC. By investigating the expression patterns of potential target antigens (ROR1, 5T4 and CAIX) in NPC, we found that the oncofetal antigen 5T4 was predominately expressed in NPC cell lines and tissues but absent in non-cancerous nasopharyngeal tissues. Moreover, significantly enhanced expression of 5T4 in NPC spheroids revealed its relationship with putative NPCSCs. Hence, we designed a CAR construct (5T4-28Z) specific for 5T4 and generated CAR-transduced CIK cells. Our results showed that the artificial CAR was efficiently expressed on the surface of CIK cells and that no native phenotypes were altered by the gene transduction. Functional assays revealed that 5T4-28Z-CIK cells possessed both CAR-mediated and CAR-independent anti-NPC activity and were capable of efficiently attacking NPC cells, especially NPCSC-like cells in vitro, suggesting that they might serve as an attractive tool for developing efficient therapies against NPC.
HpaB-Dependent Secretion of Type III Effectors in the Plant Pathogens Ralstonia solanacearum and Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria
Authors: Lonjon Fabien , Lohou David , Cazalé Anne-Claire , Büttner Daniela , Ribeiro Barbara Gomes , Péanne Claire , Genin Stéphane , Vailleau Fabienne 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPlant pathogenic bacteria exerts their pathogenicity through the injection of large repertoires of type III effectors (T3Es) into plant cells, a mechanism controlled in part by type III chaperones (T3Cs). In Ralstonia solanacearum, the causal agent of bacterial wilt, little is known about the control of type III secretion at the post-translational level. Here, we provide evidence that the HpaB and HpaD proteins do act as bona fide R. solanacearum class IB chaperones that associate with several T3Es. Both proteins can dimerize but do not interact with each other. After screening 38 T3Es for direct interactions, we highlighted specific and common interacting partners, thus revealing the first picture of the R. solanacearum T3C-T3E network. We demonstrated that the function of HpaB is conserved in two phytopathogenic bacteria, R. solanacearum and Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Xcv). HpaB from Xcv is able to functionally complement a R. solanacearum hpaB mutant for hypersensitive response elicitation on tobacco plants. Likewise, Xcv is able to translocate a heterologous T3E from R. solanacearum in an HpaB-dependent manner. This study underlines the central role of the HpaB class IB chaperone family and its potential contribution to the bacterial plasticity to acquire and deliver new virulence factors.
Nuclear receptors connect progenitor transcription factors to cell cycle control
Authors: Neto Marta , Naval-Sánchez Marina , Potier Delphine , Pereira Paulo S. , Geerts Dirk , Aerts Stein , Casares Fernando 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe specification and growth of organs is controlled simultaneously by networks of transcription factors. While the connection between these transcription factors with fate determinants is increasingly clear, how they establish the link with the cell cycle is far less understood. Here we investigate this link in the developing Drosophila eye, where two transcription factors, the MEIS1 homologue hth and the Zn-finger tsh, synergize to stimulate the proliferation of naïve eye progenitors. Experiments combining transcriptomics, open-chromatin profiling, motif analysis and functional assays indicate that these progenitor transcription factors exert a global regulation of the proliferation program. Rather than directly regulating cell cycle genes, they control proliferation through an intermediary layer of nuclear receptors of the ecdysone/estrogen-signaling pathway. This regulatory subnetwork between hth, tsh and nuclear receptors might be conserved from Drosophila to mammals, as we find a significant co-overexpression of their human homologues in specific cancer types.
The Cannabinoid Receptor Interacting Proteins 1 of zebrafish are not required for morphological development, viability or fertility
Authors: Fin Laura , Bergamin Giorgia , Steiner Roberto A. , Hughes Simon M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe Cannabinoid Receptor Interacting Protein 1 (Cnrip1) was discovered as an interactor with the intracellular region of Cannabinoid Receptor 1 (CB1R, also known as Cnr1 or CB1). Functional assays in mouse show cannabinoid sensitivity changes and Cnrip1 has recently been suggested to control eye development in Xenopus laevis. Two Cnrip1 genes are described in zebrafish, cnrip1a and cnrip1b. In situ mRNA hybridisation revealed accumulation of mRNA encoding each gene primarily in brain and spinal cord, but also elsewhere. For example, cnrip1b is expressed in forming skeletal muscle. CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing generated predicted null mutations in cnrip1a and cnrip1b. Each mutation triggered nonsense-mediated decay of the respective mRNA transcript. No morphological or behavioural phenotype was observed in either mutant. Moreover, fish lacking both Cnrip1a and Cnrip1b both maternally and zygotically are viable and fertile and no phenotype has so far been detected despite strong evolutionary conservation over at least 400 Myr.
InSAR constraints on soil moisture evolution after the March 2015 extreme precipitation event in Chile
Authors: Scott C. P. , Lohman R. B. , Jordan T. E. 
Published: July 2017

AbstarctConstraints on soil moisture can guide agricultural practices, act as input into weather, flooding and climate models and inform water resource policies. Space-based interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) observations provide near-global coverage, even in the presence of clouds, of proxies for soil moisture derived from the amplitude and phase content of radar imagery. We describe results from a 1.5 year-long InSAR time series spanning the March, 2015 extreme precipitation event in the hyperarid Atacama desert of Chile, constraining the immediate increase in soil moisture and drying out over the following months, as well as the response to a later, smaller precipitation event. The inferred temporal evolution of soil moisture is remarkably consistent between independent, overlapping SAR tracks covering a region ~100 km in extent. The unusually large rain event, combined with the extensive spatial and temporal coverage of the SAR dataset, present an unprecedented opportunity to image the time-evolution of soil characteristics over different surface types. Constraints on the timescale of shallow water storage after precipitation events are increasingly valuable as global water resources continue to be stretched to their limits and communities continue to develop in flood-prone areas.
The chromosomes and the mitogenome of Ceratitis fasciventris (Diptera: Tephritidae): two genetic approaches towards the Ceratitis FAR species complex resolution
Authors: Drosopoulou Elena , Pantelidou Christina , Gariou-Papalexiou Angeliki , Augustinos Antonios A. , Chartomatsidou Tatiana , Kyritsis Georgios A. , Bourtzis Kostas , Mavragani-Tsipidou Penelope , Zacharopoulou Antigone 
Published: July 2017

AbstractCeratitis fasciventrisis a serious agricultural pest of the Tephritidae family that belongs to the AfricanCeratitisFAR species complex. Species limits within the FAR complex are obscure and multidisciplinary approaches have attempted to resolve phylogenetic relationships among its members. These studies support the existence of at least three additional species in the complex,C.anonnae,C.rosaandC.quilicii, while they indicate the presence of two structured populations (F1 and F2) within theC.fasciventrisspecies. In the present study we present the mitotic karyotype, polytene chromosome maps,in situhybridization data and the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of an F2 population ofC.fasciventris. This is the first polytene chromosome map and complete mitogenome of a member of the FAR complex and only the second reported for theCeratitisgenus. Both polytene chromosomes and mitochondrial sequence could provide valuable information and be used as reference for comparative analysis among the members of the complex towards the clarification of their phylogenetic relationships.
Effect of carrier confinement on effective mass of excitons and estimation of ultralow disorder in Al x Ga1−x As/GaAs quantum wells by magneto-photoluminescence
Authors: Haldar S. , Dixit V. K. , Vashisht Geetanjali , Khamari Shailesh Kumar , Porwal S. , Sharma T. K. , Oak S. M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractEffect of charge carrier confinement and ultra-low disorder acquainted in AlGaAs/GaAs multi-quantum well system is investigated via Magneto-photoluminescence spectroscopy. Significant increase of effective mass is observed for the confined exciton in narrow QWs. The foremost reason behind such an observation is due to the induced non-parabolicity in bands. Moreover, as the thickness of the QW are reduced, confined excitons in QW experience atomic irregularities at the hetero-junctions and their effects are prominent in the photoluminescence linewidth. Amount of photoluminescence line-broadening caused by the atomic irregularities at the hetero-junctions is correlated with average fluctuation (δ1) in QW thickness. The estimatedδ1for Al0.3Ga0.7As/GaAs QWs are found to be ±(0.14 − 1.6)× ‘one monolayer thickness of GaAs layer’. Further, the strong perturbations due to magnetic field in a system helps in realizing optical properties of exciton in QWs, where magnetic field is used as a probe to detect ultralow defects in the QW. Additionally, the influence of magnetic field on the free and bound exciton luminescence is explained by a simple model. The proposed approach for measuring the interface and volume defects in an ultra-low disordered system by Magneto-PL spectroscopy technique will be highly beneficial in high mobility devices for advanced applications.
Involvement of FANCD2 in Energy Metabolism via ATP5α
Authors: Jayabal Panneerselvam , Ma Chi , Nepal Manoj , Shen Yihang , Che Raymond , Turkson James , Fei Peiwen 
Published: July 2017

AbstractGrowing evidence supports a general hypothesis that aging and cancer are diseases related to energy metabolism. However, the involvement of Fanconi Anemia (FA) signaling, a unique genetic model system for studying human aging or cancer, in energy metabolism remains elusive. Here, we report that FA complementation group D2 protein (FANCD2) functionally impacts mitochondrial ATP production through its interaction with ATP5α, whereas this relationship was not observed in the mutant FANCD2 (K561R)-carrying cells. Moreover, while ATP5α is present within the mitochondria in wild-type cells, it is instead located mostly outside in cells that carry the non-monoubiquitinated FANCD2. In addition, mitochondrial ATP production is significantly reduced in these cells, compared to those cells carrying wtFANCD2. We identified one region (AA42-72) of ATP5α, contributing to the interaction between ATP5α and FANCD2, which was confirmed by protein docking analysis. Further, we demonstrated that mtATP5α (∆AA42-72) showed an aberrant localization, and resulted in a decreased ATP production, similar to what was observed in non-monoubiquitinated FANCD2-carrying cells. Collectively, our study demonstrates a novel role of FANCD2 in governing cellular ATP production, and advances our understanding of how defective FA signaling contributes to aging and cancer at the energy metabolism level.
Integrated analysis of tobacco miRNA and mRNA expression profiles under PVY infection provids insight into tobacco-PVY interactions
Authors: Guo Yushuang , Jia Meng-ao , Yang Yumei , Zhan Linlin , Cheng Xiaofei , Cai Jianyu , Zhang Jie , Yang Jie , Liu Tao , Fu Qiang , Zhao Jiehong , Shamsi Imran Haider 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPotato virus Y (PVY) is a globally and economically important pathogen of potato, tobacco, tomato and other staple crops and caused significant yield losses and reductions in quality.To explore the molecular PVY-host interactions, we analysed changes in the miRNA and mRNA profiles of tobacco in response to PVY infection. A total of 81 differentially expressed miRNAs belonging to 29 families and 8133 mRNAs were identified. The Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analyses showed that genes encoding the DNA/RNA binding, catalytic activity and signalling molecules were all significantly enriched. Moreover, 88 miRNA-mRNA interaction pairs were identified through a combined analysis of the two datasets. We also found evidence showing that the virus-derived siRNAs (vsiRNAs) from the PVY genome target tobacco translationally controlled tumor protein (NtTCTP) mRNA and mediate plant resistance to PVY. Together, our findings revealed that both miRNA and mRNA expression patterns can be changed in response to PVY infection and novel vsiRNA-plant interactions that may regulate plant resistance to PVY. Both provide fresh insights into the virus-plant interactions.