bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social and material aspects of life and their impact on the physical health of people diagnosed with mental illness
Authors: Ewart Stephanie B. , Happell Brenda , Bocking Julia , Platania‐Phung Chris , Stanton Robert , Scholz Brett 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundPeople diagnosed with mental illness have shorter lives and poorer physical health, compared to the general population. These health inequities are usually viewed at an individual and clinical level, yet there is little research on the views of mental health consumers on clinical factors in broader contexts.ObjectiveTo elicit the views of consumers of mental health services regarding their physical health and experiences of accessing physical health‐care services.DesignQualitative exploratory design involving focus groups.Setting and participantsThe research was conducted in the Australian Capital Territory. Participants were consumers of mental health services.Main outcome measuresThe Commission on Social Determinants of Health Framework was drawn on to lead deductive analysis of focus group interview transcripts.ResultsIssues impacting consumers included poverty, the neglect of public services and being treated as second‐class citizens because of diagnosis of mental illness and/or experiencing a psychosocial disability. These factors were connected with significant barriers in accessing physical health care, including the quality and relevance of health provider communication, especially when the broader contexts of mental health consumer's lives are not well understood.Discussion and conclusionsThese findings suggest the Commission on Social Determinants of Health Framework could be utilized in research and policy, and may provide an effective platform for exploring better health communication with mental health consumers regarding this neglected health inequity.
Fluvial to bay sequence stratigraphy and seismic facies of the Cretaceous to Paleogene successions in the MITI Sanriku‐oki well and the vicinities, the Sanriku‐oki forearc basin, northeast Japan
Authors: Takano Osamu , Tsuji Takashi 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis paper describes the significant depositional setting information derived from well and seismic survey data for the Upper Cretaceous to Lower Eocene forearc basin sediments in the central part of the Sanriku‐oki basin, which is regarded as a key area for elucidating the plate tectonic history of the Northeast Japan Arc. According to the results of well facies analysis utilizing cores, well logs and borehole images, the major depositional environments were of braided and meandering fluvial environments with sporadically intercalated marine incursion beds. Seismic facies, reflection terminations and isopach information provide the actual spatial distributions of fluvial channel zones flowing in a north–south trending direction. The transgression and regression cycles indicate that the Upper Cretaceous to Lower Eocene successions can be divided into thirteen depositional sequences (Sequences SrCr‐0 to SrCr‐5, and SrPg‐1 to SrPg‐7). These depositional sequences demonstrate three types of stacking patterns: Types A to C, each of which shows a succession mainly comprising a meandering fluvial system, a braided fluvial system with minor meandering aspects in the upper part, and major marine incursion beds in the middle part, respectively, although all show an overall transgressive to regressive succession. The Type C marine incursion beds characteristically comprise bay center and tidal‐dominated bay margin facies. Basin‐transecting long seismic sections demonstrate a roll up structure on the trench slope break (TSB) side of the basin. These facts suggest that during the Cretaceous to Eocene periods, the studied fluvial‐dominated forearc basin was sheltered by the uplifted TSB. The selective occurrences of the Type C sequences suggest that when a longer‐scale transgression occurred, especially in Santonian and early Campanian periods, a large bay basin was developed, creating accommodation space, which induced the deposition of the Cretaceous Kuji Group along the arc‐side basin margin.
The influence of resilience on mental health: The role of general well‐being
Authors: Gao Tingting , Ding Xinna , Chai Jingxin , Zhang Zhao , Zhang Han , Kong Yixi , Mei Songli 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundNurses are suffering from increasing stress, and nursing is recognized as one of the most stressful job. Their mental health problems are serious and worthy of attention.AimThe purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between resilience and mental health and general well‐being among nurses.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was conducted in 2014, using a self‐reported questionnaire. Participants were asked to complete the measure of resilience, mental health, and general well‐being. The method of randomly cluster sampling was used to select nurses as participants. A survey of 365 nurses was conducted to test the hypothesized model.ResultsThis study showed that resilience, mental health, and general well‐being correlated with each other. General well‐being was an effective predictor of resilience and mental health, whereas it both can moderate and mediate the relationship.ConclusionsStrategies to increase nurses' general well‐being could enhance their resilience and reduce mental health problems. It is important to improve the mental health of nurses and maintain the professional values that ensure career sustainability.
Imagined contact can be more effective for participants with stronger initial prejudices
Authors: West Keon , Hotchin Victoria , Wood Chantelle 
Published: March 2017

AbstractImagined contact is an intervention that combines the prejudice‐reduction of intergroup contact with the easy, low‐risk application of imagery‐based techniques. Accordingly, it can be applied where direct contact is difficult or risky. However, a possible limitation of imagined contact is that it may not be effective for participants with stronger initial prejudices, which would limit its usefulness and application. Two experiments (N1 = 103, N2 = 95) investigated whether initial prejudice moderated imagined contact's effects on explicit attitudes, behavioral intentions (Experiment 1), implicit attitudes, and petition‐signing behaviors (Experiment 2) toward two different outgroups. In both experiments, imagined contact was more effective when initial prejudice was higher. Implications for imagined contact theory and application are discussed.
Hill–Robertson interference maintained by Red Queen dynamics favours the evolution of sex
Authors: da Silva J. , Galbraith J. D. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAlthough it is well established theoretically that selective interference among mutations (Hill–Robertson interference) favours meiotic recombination, genomewide mean rates of mutation and strengths of selection appear too low to support this as the mechanism favouring recombination in nature. A possible solution to this discrepancy between theory and observation is that selection is at least intermittently very strong due to the antagonistic coevolution between a host and its parasites. The Red Queen theory posits that such coevolution generates fitness epistasis among loci, which generates negative linkage disequilibrium among beneficial mutations, which in turn favours recombination. This theory has received only limited support. However, Red Queen dynamics without epistasis may provide the ecological conditions that maintain strong and frequent selective interference in finite populations that indirectly selects for recombination. This hypothesis is developed here through the simulation of Red Queen dynamics. This approach required the development of a method to calculate the exact frequencies of multilocus haplotypes after recombination. Simulations show that recombination is favoured by the moderately weak selection of many loci involved in the interaction between a host and its parasites, which results in substitution rates that are compatible with empirical estimates. The model also reproduces the previously reported rapid increase in the rate of outcrossing in Caenorhabditis elegans coevolving with a bacterial pathogen.
Replacement of Fishmeal with a Blend of Poultry Byproduct Meal and Soybean Meal in Diets for Largemouth Bass, Micropterus salmoides
Authors: Ren Xing , Wang Yan , Chen Jian‐Ming , Wu Yu‐Bo , Huang Di , Jiang Dan‐Li , Li Peng 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the potential of replacing fishmeal with poultry byproduct meal (PBM) and soybean meal in diets for largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides. A reference diet (C) contained 400 g/kg fishmeal, and 40 or 60% of the fishmeal was replaced with a blend of pet‐food‐grade PBM and soybean meal (diets PP1 and PP2) or a blend of feed‐grade PBM and soybean meal (diets PF1 and PF2). No significant differences were found in weight gain, nitrogen retention efficiency (NRE), condition factor, and body composition among fish fed diets PP1, PP2, PF1, and PF2. Feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were higher in fish fed diet PF1 than in fish fed diet PP1. No significant differences were found in weight gain, NRE, condition factor, and body composition between fish fed diet C and diets PP1, PP2, PF1, and PF2. The feed intake and FCR were lower in fish fed diet C than in fish fed diets PP2, PF1, and PF2. This study reveals that dietary fishmeal level for largemouth bass could be reduced to 160 g/kg by inclusion of PBM and soybean meal in combination.
To hold or not to hold? The effects of prey type and size on the predatory strategy of a venomous snake
Authors: Glaudas X. , Kearney T. C. , Alexander G. J. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe dangerous prey hypothesis predicts that when predators can discriminate between harmless and dangerous prey, they should alter their predatory behavior according to the risk. Venomous snakes, which rely on an envenomating strike to kill prey, often feed on potentially dangerous prey such as rodents, and have the choice between two alternative strategies following a bite: they either hold onto prey until it is incapacitated, or release it immediately, relying on scent trailing to find the bitten prey. In this study, we combined observational and experimental data collected in the field in South Africa to test the hypothesis that prey type and size affected the predatory strategy of a venomous snake, the puff adder (Bitis arietans;Viperidae). Relative prey size, but not prey type, affected the snake's strategy: puff adders typically struck and held prey of small size (e.g., toads, small adult mice and shrews), but often struck and released larger prey (e.g., large adult mice and rats), presumably because retaliatory bites from the latter ones are more dangerous. Hence, puff adders discriminated according to prey size and adjusted their predatory strategy consequently. Contrary to the common belief that viperid snakes typically strike and release prey, our findings agree with empirical evidence found in the literature, that is, puff adders generally alter their predatory tactics based on prey size. Although a few laboratory studies have examined the theme of the present paper in other venomous snakes, our research was conducted in a natural setting and thus provides a better understanding of the factors used by predators to choose between alternative hunting strategies.
The RicAFT (YmcA‐YlbF‐YaaT) complex carries two [4Fe‐4S]2+ clusters and may respond to redox changes
Authors: Tanner Andrew W. , Carabetta Valerie J. , Martinie Ryan J. , Mashruwala Ameya A. , Boyd Jeffrey M. , Krebs Carsten , Dubnau David 
Published: March 2017

SummaryDuring times of environmental insult, Bacillus subtilis undergoes developmental changes leading to biofilm formation, sporulation and competence. Each of these states is regulated in part by the phosphorylated form of the master response regulator Spo0A (Spo0A∼P). The phosphorylation state of Spo0A is controlled by a multi‐component phosphorelay. RicA, RicF and RicT (previously YmcA, YlbF and YaaT) have been shown to be important regulatory proteins for multiple developmental fates. These proteins directly interact and form a stable complex, which has been proposed to accelerate the phosphorelay. Indeed, this complex is sufficient to stimulate the rate of phosphotransfer amongst the phosphorelay proteins in vitro. In this study, we demonstrate that two [4Fe‐4S]2+ clusters can be assembled on the complex. As with other iron‐sulfur cluster‐binding proteins, the complex was also found to bind FAD, hinting that these cofactors may be involved in sensing the cellular redox state. This work provides the first comprehensive characterization of an iron‐sulfur protein complex that regulates Spo0A∼P levels. Phylogenetic and genetic evidence suggests that the complex plays a broader role beyond stimulation of the phosphorelay.
Electrophysiological correlates of adaptive control and attentional engagement in patients with first episode schizophrenia and healthy young adults
Authors: Boudewyn Megan A. , Carter Cameron S. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe goal of this study was to investigate the neural dynamics of error processing and post‐error adjustments in cognitive control and attention to a cognitive task in schizophrenia. We adopted a time‐frequency approach in order to examine activity in the theta and alpha frequency bands as indices of cognitive control and attentional engagement. The results showed that error processing was characterized by increases in theta‐band activity, accompanied by decreases in alpha‐band activity, in both healthy control participants and participants with schizophrenia. However, both the theta and alpha effects were significantly reduced in participants with schizophrenia. Post‐error increases in theta activity were associated with improved accuracy on subsequent trials in control participants but not in participants with schizophrenia. In addition, increases in alpha‐band activity were found in the prestimulus period before partial attention lapses, but only for control participants and participants with schizophrenia with relatively low positive symptom severity. These results provide evidence for a deficit in cognitive control mechanisms mediated by midfrontal theta activity in schizophrenia, and suggest a particularly pronounced deficit in patients' ability to engage adaptive control mechanisms following errors. Our results also indicate that partial attention lapses can be indexed in both control participants and participants with schizophrenia by increases in alpha activity, but that in schizophrenia this varies as a function of positive symptom severity. We suggest that disrupted theta‐band function represents a key deficit of schizophrenia, whereas disruptions in the alpha band may be the byproduct of atypically regulated attention.
Incremental Hemodialysis: The University of California Irvine Experience
Authors: Ghahremani‐Ghajar Mehrdad , Rojas‐Bautista Vanessa , Lau Wei‐Ling , Pahl Madeleine , Hernandez Miguel , Jin Anna , Reddy Uttam , Chou Jason , Obi Yoshitsugu , Kalantar‐Zadeh Kamyar , Rhee Connie M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIncremental hemodialysis has been examined as a viable hemodialysis regimen for selected end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. Preservation of residual kidney function (RKF) has been the driving impetus for this approach given its benefits upon the survival and quality of life of dialysis patients. While clinical practice guidelines recommend an incremental start of dialysis in peritoneal dialysis patients with substantial RKF, there remains little guidance with respect to incremental hemodialysis as an initial renal replacement therapy regimen. Indeed, several large population‐based studies suggest that incremental twice‐weekly vs. conventional thrice‐weekly hemodialysis has favorable impact upon RKF trajectory and survival among patients with adequate renal urea clearance and/or urine output. In this report, we describe a case series of 13 ambulatory incident ESRD patients enrolled in a university‐based center's Incremental Hemodialysis Program over the period of January 2015 to August 2016 and followed through December 2016. Among five patients who maintained a twice‐weekly hemodialysis schedule vs. eight patients who transitioned to thrice‐weekly hemodialysis, we describe and compare patients’ longitudinal case‐mix, laboratory, and dialysis treatment characteristics over time. The University of California Irvine Experience is the first systemically examined twice‐weekly hemodialysis practice in North America. While future studies are needed to refine the optimal approaches and the ideal patient population for implementation of incremental hemodialysis, our case‐series serves as a first report of this innovative management strategy among incident ESRD patients with substantial RKF, and a template for implementation of this regimen.
Should optimal timing between two intrauterine transfusions be based on estimated daily decrease of hemoglobin or on measurement of fetal middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity?
Authors: Ghesquière Louise , Houfflin‐Debarge Véronique , Behal Hélène , Coulon Capucine , Subtil Damien , Vaast Pascal , Garabedian Charles 
Published: March 2017

BACKGROUNDTo best predict the recurrence of fetal anemia after intrauterine transfusion (IUT), the measurement of middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity (PSV) and the estimation of hemoglobin (Hb) daily decrease are compared.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSA retrospective study including 38 patients who had at least two IUTs in a context of red blood cell alloimmunization was conducted. PSV values before first, second, and third IUTs were collected and expected Hb level was calculated according to various Hb daily decrease formulas as proposed in the literature.RESULTSComparison of PSV receiver operating characteristic curves with the various Hb levels did not find any significant difference between first and second IUTs. On the other hand, we found a significant difference between the second and third IUTs, with better prediction of fetal anemia through Hb decrease calculation, whatever the formula. Between the second and third IUTs, no formula was significantly better than the others.CONCLUSIONThe timing of a second transfusion can be difficult to determine with certainty, but PSV can give an accurate assessment of when to resample the fetus with probably a higher recommended threshold for the diagnosis of fetal anemia. Subsequent to a second transfusion, the intertransfusion interval should be based on estimated Hb decrease rather than PSV thresholds, whatever the chosen formula proposed in the literature. Larger numbers are needed to definitely make this recommendation and it will be interesting to evaluate correlation between different antibodies.
Determination of Schirmer tear test‐1 values in clinically normal alpacas (Vicugña pacos) in North America
Authors: McDonald Jessica E. , Knollinger Amy M. , Dees Darryl D. , MacLaren Nicole E. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPurposeTo determine the normal reference range for Schirmer tear test‐1 (STT‐1) values in eyes of healthy alpacas (Vicugña pacos).MethodsComplete ophthalmic examinations were performed on forty healthy alpacas (80 eyes). STT‐1 values were obtained in both eyes of all alpacas using a commercial STT strip of a single lot number. Data were analyzed, using a doubly repeated measures ANOVA design, Student's paired t‐test, and Pearson correlation test, with P ≤ 0.05 considered significant.ResultsThe STT‐1 values ± standard deviation (SD) were 20.80 ± 4.01 mm/min OD, 20.00 ± 4.13 mm/min OS, and 20.88 ± 4.04 mm/min OU (range 15.50–30.50 mm/min). No significant differences in STT‐1 were found between OD and OS. STT‐1 was not significantly affected by breed. Schirmer tear test‐1 values were significantly increased by 3.45 mm/min for every 10 year increase in age.ConclusionsThis study provides a reference range of STT‐1 in the healthy alpaca which can assist veterinarians in diagnosing potential keratoconjunctivitis sicca, tear film abnormalities, as well as ocular surface diseases in alpacas.
Mechanically sensitive Aδ nociceptors that innervate bone marrow respond to changes in intra‐osseous pressure
Authors: Nencini Sara , Ivanusic Jason 
Published: March 2017

Key points
Sensory neurons that innervate the bone marrow provide the CNS with information about pain associated with bone disease and pathology, but little is known of their function.
Here we use a novel in vivo bone–nerve electrophysiological preparation to study how they respond to noxious mechanical stimulation delivered by increasing intra‐osseous pressure.
We provide evidence that sensory neurons that innervate the bone marrow respond to high threshold noxious mechanical stimulation, have response properties consistent with a role in nociception, provide information about different features of an intra‐osseous pressure stimulus and express the Piezo2 mechano‐transducer molecule.
Our findings show how some bone marrow nociceptors signal pain in bony diseases and pathologies that involve a mechanical disturbance or increased intra‐osseous pressure, and that the Piezo2 mechano‐transducer may be involved.
AbstractWhilst the sensory neurons and nerve terminals that innervate bone marrow have a morphology and molecular phenotype consistent with a role in nociception, little is known about their physiology or the mechanisms that generate and maintain bone pain. In the present study, we provide evidence that Aδ nociceptors that innervate the bone marrow respond to high threshold noxious mechanical stimulation, exhibit fatigue in response to prior stimulation and in some cases can be sensitized by capsaicin. They can be classified on the basis of their response properties as either phasic–tonic units that appear to code for different intensities of intra‐osseous pressure, or phasic units that code for the rate of change in intra‐osseous pressure. Three different subclasses of mechanically sensitive Aδ units were observed: phasic units that were sensitized by capsaicin, phasic units that were not sensitized by capsaicin and phasic–tonic units (that were not sensitized by capsaicin). These could also, in part, be distinguished by differences in their thresholds for activation, mean discharge frequency, latency to peak activation and peak‐to‐peak action potential amplitude. The majority of small‐diameter myelinated sensory neurons projecting to the bone marrow expressed Piezo2. Our findings indicate that Aδ mechano‐nociceptors are likely to play an important role in generating and maintaining pain in response to bony pathologies that involve a mechanical disturbance or increased intra‐osseous pressure, and imply that Piezo2 signalling may be involved in mechano‐transduction in these receptors.