bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defense Responses of Salicylic Acid in Mango Fruit Against Postharvest Anthracnose, Caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and its Possible Mechanism
Authors: He Junyu , Ren Yanfang , Chen Chen , Liu Jinping , Liu Houyu , Pei Yun 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe effects and mechanisms of salicylic acid (SA) on defense response to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides from mango fruits were investigated by in vitro and in vivo test. In vitro experiment results showed that SA significantly reduced mycelial growth of C. gloeosporioides in a concentration‐dependent manner. SA effectively controlled anthracnose decay on inoculated mango fruit, as well as natural infection. Disease incidence and lesion diameter in SA‐treated fruit were significantly lower than those of the control fruit. SA treatment increased the activities of chitinase, β‐1,3‐glucanase, phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase and polyphenoloxidase, and the content of total phenolic compounds and lignin in mango fruit. Moreover, SA treatment effectively maintained fruit firmness by suppressing conversion of insoluble protopectin into water soluble pectin. And correlation analysis showed there is a higher negative correlation between fruit firmness and disease incidence. These findings suggest that the effect of SA on postharvest diseases was attributed to its direct antimicrobial activity and the elicitation of resistant responses, as well maintaining the firmness in mango fruit. Therefore, SA treatment is a promising measure for controlling postharvest anthracnose rot in mango.Practical ApplicationsInduction of fruit resistance against pathogenic infection with biological or chemical elicitors has been thought to be a promising approach for controlling of postharvest diseases and reducing the use of synthetic fungicides. Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is the predominant postharvest disease in mango production that causes severe postharvest losses and fruit quality deterioration. SA is a natural plant substance involved in plant defense responses to biotic stresses. The present results from in vitro and in vivo experiment suggested that SA treatment could effectively inhibit mycelial growth of C. gloeosporioides, enhance resistance of mango fruit against the pathogen and reduce anthracnose rot, as well maintain fruit firmness. Hence, SA can be applied in mango storage and preservation.
Safety and effectiveness of endobiliary radiofrequency ablation according to the different power and target temperature in a swine model
Authors: Cho Jae Hee , Lee Kwang Hyuck , Kim Joon Mee , Kim Yeon Suk , Lee Don Haeng , Jeong Seok 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackground and AimEndobiliary radiofrequency ablation (EB‐RFA) is a new endoscopic palliation and adjunctive tool. Although EB‐RFA is performed worldwide, a possibility of iatrogenic thermal injury leading to perforation or bleeding still remains. Therefore, we aimed to assess the effects of thermal and coagulation injury after in vivo EB‐RFA using a new catheter with a temperature sensor in a swine model.MethodsTwelve mini pigs were divided into four groups according to power (33 mm 10 W electrode vs. 18 mm 7 W electrode) and RFA target temperature (75°C vs. 80°C). All mini pigs underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiography and target temperature controlled EB‐RFA for 120 s. Additional cholangiogram was taken immediately after RFA, and all pigs were sacrificed after 24 h to assess the macroscopic/microscopic RFA injury.ResultsMicroscopic maximal injury depth and ablation area of EB‐RFA using a 33‐mm 10 W RFA electrode were significantly deeper and larger than those of EB‐RFA using an 18‐mm 7 W electrode (median; 2.7 vs. 2.1 mm, P = 0.004, 48.9 vs. 36.2 mm2, P = 0.016). However, there were no significant differences in microscopic ablation parameters between two different RFA target temperatures (75°C vs. 80°C). In addition, a post‐RFA cholangiogram and assessment of the resected specimen at 24 h after the RFA showed no adverse events such as perforation or bleeding.ConclusionsEB‐RFA using a temperature controlled RFA catheter successfully ablates the bile duct wall without adverse events in a swine model.
Patient experiences of in‐hospital preparations for follow‐up care at home
Authors: Keller Gretchen , Merchant Alefia , Common Carol , Laizner Andrea M 
Published: June 2016

Aims and objectivesTo examine patient experiences of hospital‐based discharge preparation for referral for follow‐up home care services. To identify aspects of discharge preparation that will assist patients with their transition from hospital‐based care to home‐based follow‐up care.BackgroundTo improve patients’ transitions from hospital‐based care to community‐based home care, hospitals incorporate home care referral processes into discharge planning. This includes patient preparation for follow‐up home care services. While there is evidence to support that such preparation needs to be more patient‐centred to be effective, there is little knowledge of patient experiences of preparation that would guide improvements.DesignQualitative descriptive study.MethodsThe study was carried out at a supra‐regional hospital in Eastern Canada. Findings are based on thematic content analysis of 13 semi‐structured interviews of patients requiring home care after hospitalisation on a medical or surgical unit. Most interviews were held within one week of discharge.ResultsPatient experiences were associated with patient attitudes and levels of engagement in preparation. Attitudes and levels of engagement were seen as related to one another. Those who ‘didn't really think about it’, had low engagement, while those with the attitude ‘guide me’, looked for partnership. Those who had an attitude of ‘this is what I want’, had a very high level of engagement.ConclusionsPrevious experience with home care services influenced patients’ level of trust in the health care system, and ultimately shaped their attitudes towards and levels of engagement in preparation.Relevance to clinical practicePatient preparation for follow‐up home care can be improved by assessing their knowledge of and previous experiences with home care. Patients recognised as using a proactive approach may be highly vulnerable.
Gastroprotective effect of (-)-myrtenol against ethanol-induced acute gastric lesions: possible mechanisms
Authors: Viana Ana Flávia Seraine Custódio , da Silva Francilene Vieira , Fernandes Hélio de Barros , Oliveira Irisdalva Sousa , Braga Milena Aguiar , Nunes Paulo Iury Gomes , Viana Daniel de Araújo , de Sousa Damião Pergentino , Rao Vietla Satyanarayana , Oliveira Rita de Cássia Meneses , Almeida Santos Flávia 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Objectives
(-)-Myrtenol is a natural fragrance monoterpenoid structurally related to α-pinene found in diverse plant essential oils. This study was aimed to assess the anti-ulcerogenic potential of (-)-myrtenol against ethanol-induced gastric lesions and to elucidate the underlying mechanism(s).

Methods
Gastroprotective activity of (-)-myrtenol was evaluated using the mouse model of ethanol-induced gastric damage. To elucidate the gastroprotective mechanism(s), the roles of GABA, prostaglandins, nitric oxide and KATP channels were assessed. Besides, the oxidative stress-related parameters and the mucus content in gastric tissues were analysed.

Key findings
(-)-Myrtenol at oral doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg significantly decreased the severity of ethanol-induced gastric lesions affording gastroprotection that was accompanied by a decrease in the activity of myeloperoxidase and malondialdehyde, an increase in GPx, SOD, and catalase activity in gastric tissues, and with well-maintained normal levels of nitrite/nitrate, gastric mucus and NP-SHs. Pretreatment with GABA-A receptor antagonist flumazenil, the COX inhibitor indomethacin, and NO synthesis inhibitor L-NAME but not with KATP channel blocker glibenclamide significantly blocked the (-)-myrtenol gastroprotection.

Conclusion
These results provide first-time evidence for the gastroprotective effect of (-)-myrtenol that could be related to GABAA-receptor activation and antioxidant activity.
Sofosbuvir and ledipasvir improve patient‐reported outcomes in patients co‐infected with hepatitis C and human immunodeficiency virus
Authors: Younossi Z. M. , Stepanova M. , Sulkowski M. , Naggie S. , Henry L. , Hunt S. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryA fixed‐dose combination of ledipasvir and sofosbuvir (LDV/SOF) has been approved for treatment of HCV patients. We assessed the effect of LDV/SOF on patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) in HIV–HCV‐co‐infected patients. Patient‐reported outcomes data from HIV–HCV‐co‐infected patients who were treated with LDV/SOF for 12 weeks were collected as a part of a clinical trial (ION‐4). Historical controls were HIV–HCV‐co‐infected patients treated with SOF and ribavirin (RBV) in PHOTON‐1. We included 335 HIV–HCV‐co‐infected patients (SVR‐12 in HCV genotype 1 was 96%) who received LDV/SOF, while 223 patients (SVR‐12 in HCV genotype 1 was 76.3%) received SOF/RBV. During treatment, patients receiving LDV/SOF showed improvement in all of their PRO scores (+6.0% in activity/energy of CLDQ‐HCV, +5.0% in fatigue score of FACIT‐F, +6.8% in physical component of SF‐36; all P < 0.0001) while those receiving SOF+RBV showed moderate decline in some of their PRO scores (−4.8% in physical functioning of SF‐36, −4.4% in fatigue score of FACIT‐F, both P < 0.001). Patients who achieved sustained virologic response with LDV/SOF also showed improvement of PROs (average +5.1%) while those treated with SOF/RBV showed less or no improvement (average +1.4%). In a multivariate analysis, in addition to depression and fatigue, receiving SOF+RBV (vs LDV/SOF) was independently associated with more PRO impairment during treatment (beta −6.1 to −12.1%, P < 0.001). Hence, HIV–HCV patients treated with LDV/SOF show significant improvement of their health‐related quality of life and other patient‐reported outcomes during treatment and after treatment cessation.
HBV/HIV coinfection is associated with poorer outcomes in hospitalized patients with HBV or HIV
Authors: Rajbhandari R. , Jun T. , Khalili H. , Chung R. T. , Ananthakrishnan A. N. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryWe examined the impact of HBV/HIV coinfection on outcomes in hospitalized patients compared to those with HBV or HIV monoinfection. Using the 2011 US Nationwide Inpatient Sample, we identified patients who had been hospitalized with HBV or HIV monoinfection or HBV/HIV coinfection using ICD‐9‐CM codes. We compared liver‐related admissions between the three groups. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify independent predictors of in‐hospital mortality, length of stay and total charges. A total of 72 584 discharges with HBV monoinfection, 133 880 discharges with HIV monoinfection and 8156 discharges with HBV/HIV coinfection were included. HBV/HIV coinfection was associated with higher mortality compared to HBV monoinfection (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.30–2.15) but not when compared to HIV monoinfection (OR 1.22, 95% CI 0.96–1.54). However, the presence of HBV along with cirrhosis or complications of portal hypertension was associated with three times greater in‐hospital mortality in patients with HIV compared to those without these complications (OR 3.00, 95% CI 1.80–5.02). Length of stay and total hospitalization charges were greater in the HBV‐/HIV‐coinfected group compared to the HBV monoinfection group (+1.53 days, P < 0.001; $17595, P < 0.001) and the HIV monoinfection group (+0.62 days, P = 0.034; $8840, P = 0.005). In conclusion, HBV/HIV coinfection is a risk factor for in‐hospital mortality, particularly in liver‐related admissions, compared to HBV monoinfection. Overall healthcare utilization from HBV/HIV coinfection is also higher than for either infection alone and higher than the national average for all hospitalizations, thus emphasizing the healthcare burden from these illnesses.
Pharmacokinetic parameters for single‐ and multi‐dose regimens for subcutaneous administration of a high‐dose ceftiofur crystalline‐free acid to neonatal foals
Authors: Pusterla N. , Hall T. L. , Wetzlich S. E. , Monmaney G. , Collier J. R. , Hill J. A. , Tell L. A. 
Published: June 2016

The objective of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of single‐ and multi‐dose ceftiofur crystalline‐free acid (CCFA) administered subcutaneously at a dose of 13.2 mg/kg to 12 neonatal foals 1–3 days of age. Six foals received a single subcutaneous dose, while 6 additional foals received 4 doses ofCCFAat 48‐h intervals. Blood samples were collected at pre‐determined times following drug administration, and plasma concentrations of ceftiofur free acid equivalents (CFAE) were measured using high‐performance liquid chromatography. Following single‐dose administration ofCCFA, the mean ± standard deviation maximum observed plasma concentration was 3.1 ± 0.6 μg/mL and observed time to maximal plasma concentration was 14.0 ± 4.9 h. Following multi‐dose administration ofCCFA, the mean ±standard deviation times aboveCFAEconcentrations of ≥0.5 μg/mL and ≥2.0 μg/mL were 192.95 ± 15.86 h and 78.80 ± 15.31 h, respectively. The mean ± standard deviation area under the concentration vs time curve (AUC0→∝) was 246.2 ± 30.7 h × μg/mL and 172.7 ± 27.14 h × μg/mL following single‐ and multi‐doseCCFAadministrations, respectively. Subcutaneous administration ofCCFAat 13.2 mg/kg in neonatal foals was clinically well‐ tolerated and resulted in plasma concentrations sufficient for the treatment of most bacterial pathogens associated with neonatal foal septicemia. Multi‐dose administration of four doses at dosing interval of 48 h between treatments maintains appropriate therapeutic concentrations in neonatal foals.
Disposition of the anti‐ulcer medications ranitidine, cimetidine, and omeprazole following administration of multiple doses to exercised Thoroughbred horses
Authors: Knych H. K. , Stanley S. D. , Arthur R. M. , McKemie D. S. 
Published: June 2016

The use of anti‐ulcer medications, such as cimetidine, ranitidine, and omeprazole, is common in performance horses. The use of these drugs is regulated in performance horses, and as such a withdrawal time is necessary prior to competition to avoid a medication violation. To the authors' knowledge, there are no reports in the literature describing repeated oral administrations of these drugs in the horse to determine a regulatory threshold and related withdrawal time recommendations. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to describe the disposition and elimination pharmacokinetics of these anti‐ulcer medications following oral administration to provide data upon which appropriate regulatory recommendations can be established. Nine exercised Thoroughbred horses were administered 20 mg/kg BID of cimetidine or 8 mg/kg BID of ranitidine, both for seven doses or 2.28 g of omeprazole SID for four doses. Blood samples were collected, serum drug concentrations were determined, and elimination pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. The serum elimination half‐life was 7.05 ± 1.02, 7.43 ± 0.851 and 3.94 ± 1.04 h for cimetidine, ranitidine, and omeprazole, respectively. Serum cimetidine and ranitidine concentrations were above the LOQ and omeprazole and omeprazole sulfide below the LOQ in all horses studied upon termination of sample collection.
Selective growth inhibition by suppression of F1Fo ATPase in canine malignant melanoma cell lines
Authors: Kuroki S. , Kobayashi M. , Tani H. , Miyamoto R. , Kurita S. , Tamura K. , Ono K. , Washizu T. , Bonkobara M. 
Published: June 2016

Canine malignant melanoma (CMM) is a highly aggressive and fatal neoplasm. To identify potential therapeutic compounds and/or targets, 320 compounds were screened for their growth inhibitory activity in a CMM line (CMM‐1) using a chemical library known to target specific signaling pathways/cell growth‐related molecules. Among the compounds screened, the F1Fo ATPase inhibitor oligomycin showed potent growth inhibitory effects in CMM‐1 cells, while exhibiting less toxic effects in a non‐neoplastic control cell line (MDCK cells). The growth inhibitory effect of oligomycin A was then examined using six CMM lines and MDCK cells. Three CMM lines were highly sensitive to oligomycin A, with around 3000–20 000 times lower IC50 compared with oligomycin A‐resistant CMM lines and MDCK cells. Oligomycin A‐sensitive CMM‐1 cells exhibited much greater oligomycin A‐induced decreases in cellular ATP compared to oligomycin A‐resistant cell lines. Although the oligomycins are clinically unsuitable because of its in vivo toxicity, these findings implicate the potential of F1Fo ATPase as a therapeutic target in a subset of CMM.
Is phylogenetic diversity a good proxy for functional diversity of plant communities? A case study from urban habitats
Authors: Lososová Zdeňka , Čeplová Natálie , Chytrý Milan , Tichý Lubomír , Danihelka Jiří , Fajmon Karel , Láníková Deana , Preislerová Zdenka , Řehořek Vladimír 
Published: June 2016

AbstractQuestionIt is often assumed, but poorly tested, that patterns of phylogenetic diversity reflect functional diversity in plant communities. Here we test whether phylogeny can be used as a proxy for functional diversity in general and specifically for diversity in plant niche preferences, dispersal strategies and competitiveness‐related traits.LocationCentral Europe, Belgium and the Netherlands.MethodsWe used a species composition data set from seven urban habitats, each sampled in 32 large cities of ten countries, and combined this with information about species phylogeny and functional traits, the latter divided into categories representing niche preferences, dispersal strategies and competitiveness.ResultsWe found positive significant, yet very weak, relationships between phylogenetic diversity and overall functional diversity, and between phylogenetic diversity and diversity in both species dispersal strategies and competitiveness. The relationship between phylogenetic diversity and diversity in species niche preferences was not significant.ConclusionsWe suggest that the combination of multiple trait states that co‐exist in urban plant communities and even within the same lineages weakens the phylogeny–function relationship. Phylogenetic diversity is a weak proxy for functional diversity of urban plant communities. For some facets of functional diversity, the phylogeny–function relationship may not apply at all.
Achievements and challenges in the integration, reuse and synthesis of vegetation plot data
Authors: Wiser Susan K. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimsI aim to review vegetation plot data discovery, the major international efforts to integrate these data, some of the remaining barriers to data integration, reuse and synthesis and how they can be overcome, and some of the emergent issues associated with data attribution and acknowledgement for data providers, users and aggregators.ResultsVegetation plot data from 231 databases containing over three million plot records can be discovered via the metadata catalogue of the Global Index of Vegetation‐Plot Databases (GIVD). Major efforts to integrate data at national and international scales are well underway, including the North American VegBank, the European Vegetation Archive, the Botanical Information and Ecology Network (BIEN) and sPlot. Barriers to data reuse and synthesis remain: the most important are missing or incorrect geographic coordinates (geo‐coordinates) and inconsistencies in plant names. Many scientific journals now require the data underpinning published results to be archived in a publically accessible location via a digital object identifier (DOI). Such policies may be at odds with those of vegetation plot databases and funding agencies. The linkage between the New Zealand National Vegetation Survey Databank and an institutional data repository illustrates one solution to satisfying journal requirements to make data publically available, while retaining a direct linkage to the source data archive.ConclusionsAlthough further progress needs to be made in digitising, publishing and integrating vegetation plot data, many once insurmountable barriers are rapidly being overcome. Developing effective solutions to the problems posed by changing taxonomic concepts in space and time is likely the most urgent requirement. Although changing journal requirements may result in vegetation plot data being archived in some form for a specific publication, this does not provide the integration required to enable data reuse and synthesis. For vegetation scientists, a recommended best practice is to archive plot data in an established vegetation plot repository as a first step, and when required, provide versioned data or summaries to meet journal requirements in a suitable repository with a clear linkage to the vegetation plot repository. The concepts outlined in this paper have wide‐ranging implications for other types of ecological data.
An Assessment of Hatchery Cohort Growth Rates of South African Abalone, Haliotis midae, Across Four Commercial Environments
Authors: Vlok Arnold C. , Difford Gareth F. , Rhode Clint , Brink Danie 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe abalone, Haliotis midae (commonly referred to as “perlemoen”), is an important aquaculture species in South Africa, accounting for the highest percentage of total aquaculture production revenue. The industry largely makes use of wild, undomesticated broodstock and thus a consortium of top producers was formed to develop a genetic improvement program to increase efficiency and sustainability of the industry. As such, the current study aimed to evaluate growth trait performance (wet weight and shell length) of four hatchery‐derived cohorts of South African abalone, across four differing production environments. No significant cohort‐by‐location effects were found for weight and length traits; however, differences were detected between respective cohorts and locations. It is concluded that a single synthetic population comprised of all hatchery cohorts under a single breeding goal is suitable for production at all test locations. Furthermore, advances in artificial reproductive technologies, genetic markers, and individual identification hold promise for genetic improvement of the species.
Health Related Quality of Life in Patients with Side‐Effects after Antimuscarinic Treatment for Overactive Bladder
Authors: KIM Aram , LEE Kyu‐Sung , JUNG Rangrhee , NA Selee , KIM Joon‐chul , KIM Hyeong Gon , CHOO Myung‐Soo 
Published: June 2016

ObjectivesDrug therapy is the mainstay of treatment for overactive bladder (OAB), but antimuscarinic agents possess side‐effects. These side‐effects decrease the patients' quality of life. We therefore assessed the impact of side‐effects on health‐related quality of life (HR‐QoL) through an analysis of EQ‐5D questionnaire.MethodsThis study was designed to investigate the patients' satisfaction by quality weight of health status as affected by the side‐effects of OAB medications. Patients who had OAB symptoms lasting longer than 3 months and have experienced side‐effects after any antimuscarinic treatments filled in the EQ‐5D questionnaire. The enrolled patients had two EQ‐5D questionnaires for two different health statuses, i.e., presence or absence of side‐effects. Quality weight was calculated using the ED‐5D health status score with Korean tariff.ResultsOne hundred patients were enrolled and completed the HR‐QoL questionnaire. The most prevalent side‐effect was dry mouth (61%) and 28% patients had dry mouth and constipation concurrently. Most of the patients with side‐effects tried to endure and overcome these side‐effects (79%), but 10% desired a change in medication, and 6% stopped medication altogether. The quality weight of EQ‐5D without side‐effects was 0.863, while the quality weight with side‐effects was 0.666 (P < 0.001). The VAS score was 79 in patient without side‐effects and 57 in those with side‐effects, supporting the results of quality weight assessment.ConclusionsOveractive bladder patients may enjoy a better quality of life if side‐effects associated with antimuscarinic therapy are fewer.