bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High flow nasal cannula use outside of the ICU; factors associated with failure
Authors: Betters Kristina A. , Gillespie Scott E. , Miller Judson , Kotzbauer David , Hebbar Kiran B. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryObjectivesHigh flow nasal cannula (HFNC) use is increasing in pediatrics. Few studies exist examining the safety of HFNC use outside the intensive care unit (ICU). This study aimed to characterize patient qualities associated with failure of HFNC use outside the ICU.Study DesignA retrospective chart review of patients placed on HFNC outside the ICU from September 2011 to July 2013 was completed. Failure was defined as intubation or cardiopulmonary arrest. Two‐sample tests and binary logistic regression determined significant factors associated with failed HFNC administration, both unadjusted and adjusted for hospital.ResultsTwo hundred thirty‐one patients met inclusion criteria, with 192 receiving treatment for a primary respiratory diagnosis (83%). Fourteen (6%) progressed to HFNC failure; 12 transferred to the ICU and were intubated, two with congenital heart disease suffered cardiopulmonary arrest on the floor. Two‐sample tests revealed failure patients were more likely to have a cardiac history (P = 0.026), history of intubation (P = 0.040), and require higher fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) (median 100%; 25th–75th 60–100%; P = <0.001). Hospital adjusted logistic regression further demonstrated failure patients were more likely to be treated with higher FiO2 (OR: 38.3; 95% CI: 4.0–366.3; P = 0.002), and less likely to have a diagnosis of bronchiolitis (OR: 0.3; 95% CI: 0.1–0.9; P = 0.048).ConclusionsHigh FiO2 requirements, history of intubation, and cardiac co‐morbidity are associative predictors of HFNC failure. Bronchiolitis patients may be treated with HFNC outside of the ICU with lower odds of failure. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017;52:806–812. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Stability of the chlorinated derivatives of the DNA/RNA nucleobases, purine and pyrimidine toward radical formation via homolytic CCl bond dissociation
Authors: Kaliyeva Laura , Zhumagali Shingis , Akhmetova Nuriya , Karton Amir , O'Reilly Robert J. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe chlorinated derivatives of nucleobases (and nucleosides), as well as those of purine, have well‐established anticancer activity, and in some cases, are also shown to be involved in the link between chronic inflammatory conditions and the development of cancer. In this investigation, the stability of all of the isomeric forms of the chlorinated nucleobases, purine and pyrimidine are investigated from the perspective of their homolytic CCl bond dissociation energies (BDEs). The products of these reactions, namely chlorine atom and the corresponding carbon‐centered radicals, may be of importance in terms of potentiating biological damage. Initially, the performance of a wide range of contemporary theoretical procedures were evaluated for their ability to afford accurate CCl BDEs, using a recently reported set of 28 highly accurate CCl BDEs obtained by means of W1w theory. Subsequent to this analysis, the G3X(MP2)‐RAD procedure (which achieves a mean absolute deviation of merely 1.3 kJ mol−1, with a maximum deviation of 5.0 kJ mol−1) was employed to obtain accurate gas‐phase homolytic CCl bond dissociation energies for a wide range of chlorinated isomers of the DNA/RNA nucleobases, purine and pyrimidine.
Abrogation of Gap Junctional Communication in ES Cells Results in a Disruption of Primitive Endoderm Formation in Embryoid Bodies
Authors: Wörsdörfer Philipp , Bosen Felicitas , Gebhardt Martina , Russ Nicole , Zimmermann Katrin , Komla Kessie David , Sekaran Thileepan , Egert Angela , Ergün Süleyman , Schorle Hubert , Pfeifer Alexander , Edenhofer Frank , Willecke Klaus 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) has been suggested to be involved in early embryonic development but the actual functional role remained elusive. Connexin (Cx) 43 and Cx45 are co-expressed in embryonic stem (ES) cells, form gap junctions and are considered to exhibit adhesive function and/or to contribute to the establishment of defined communication compartments. Here, we describe the generation of Cx43/Cx45-double deficient mouse ES cells to achieve almost complete breakdown of GJIC. Cre-loxP induced deletion of both, Cx43 and Cx45, results in a block of differentiation in embryoid bodies (EBs) without affecting pluripotency marker expression and proliferation in ES cells. We demonstrate that GJIC-incompetent ES cells fail to form primitive endoderm in EB cultures, representing the inductive key step of further differentiation events. Lentiviral overexpression of either Cx43 or Cx45 in Cx43/45 mutants rescued the observed phenotype, confirming the specificity and indicating a partially redundant function of both connexins. Upon differentiation GJIC-incompetent ES cells exhibit a strikingly altered subcellular localization pattern of the transcription factor NFATc3. Control EBs exhibit significantly more activated NFATc3 in cellular nuclei than mutant EBs suggesting that Cx-mediated communication is needed for synchronized NFAT activation to induce orchestrated primitive endoderm formation. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of NFATc3 activation by Cyclosporin A, a well-described inhibitor of calcineurin, phenocopies the loss of GJIC in control cells.
Assimilation and Health: Evidence From Linked Birth Records of Second- and Third-Generation Hispanics
Authors: Giuntella Osea 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis study explores the effects of assimilation on the health of Hispanics in the United States, using ethnic intermarriage as a metric of acculturation. I exploit a unique data set of linked confidential use birth records in California and Florida from 1970–2009. The confidential data allow me to link mothers giving birth in 1989–2009 to their own birth certificate records in 1970–1985 and to identify second-generation siblings. Thus, I can analyze the relationship between the parental exogamy of second-generation Hispanic women and the birth outcomes of their offspring controlling for grandmother fixed effects as well as indicators for second generation’s birth weight. Despite their higher socioeconomic status, third-generation children of second-generation intermarried Hispanic women are more likely to have poor health at birth, even after I account for second-generation health at birth and employ only within-family variations in the extent of assimilation. I find that a second-generation Hispanic woman married to a non-Hispanic man is 9 % more likely to have a child with low birth weight relative to a second-generation woman married to another Hispanic. These results largely reflect the higher incidence of risky behaviors (e.g., smoking during pregnancy) among intermarried Hispanic women.
Parameters of plumes of North Asia
Authors: Kirdyashkin A.G. , Kirdyashkin A.A. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
This paper presents the thermal and hydrodynamic structure of the conduit of a thermochemical mantle plume based on the results of experimental and theoretical modeling of thermochemical plumes. The basic relations for determining the thermal power and diameter of plumes are given. Depending on the geodynamic setting of eruption, the following types of plumes are distinguished: plumes responsible for the formation of large igneous provinces (LIP); plumes with a mushroom-shaped head, responsible, in particular, for batholith formation; and plumes producing rift zones. Using geological data (extent of magmatism, age of igneous provinces, and sizes of igneous areas), we estimated the parameters of plumes in Siberia and its folded framing: mass flow rate of melt, thermal power, depth of origin, and diameters of plume conduits and heads. The plumes responsible for the formation of the Siberian LIP (relative thermal power Ka = 114.9) and the West Siberian rift system (Ka = 37.8 for each of the three plumes) originated from the core–mantle boundary and erupted in the presence of a refractory layer in the lithosphere. The Vilyui plume (Ka = 27.3) originated from the core–mantle boundary and caused the formation of a rift system in the absence of a refractory layer. The plumes that produced the Hangayn (Ka = 6.8) and Hentiyn (Ka = 5.5) batholiths were initiated at the core–mantle boundary and had mushroom-shaped heads. The plumes responsible for the formation of rift zones might have originated from the 670 km discontinuity.
Patterns of stress drop in earthquakes of the Northern Tien Shan
Authors: Sycheva N.A. , Bogomolov L.M. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Source parameters of local earthquakes that occurred between 1998 and 2012 within the Kyrgyz seismological network (KNET) are used to study the patterns of stress drop in the Northern Tien Shan. The dynamic parameters of source radius r, the seismic moment M0, and the stress drop Δσ are estimated for eighty seven M = 3.0–5.5 (K = 9.5–13.7) events, which make up 86% of earthquakes with this magnitude (99) for the period of observations. Earthquake mechanisms are determined either from P-wave arrivals (66 events) or by inversion (14 events). The distribution of earthquake mechanisms with the maximum (14 events) and minimum (14 events) stress drop shows that the amount of released stress correlates with slip geometry and revere-slip events contribute the most to the stress drop in the area. The spatial distribution of events with Δσ &gt; 0.9 MPa is compared with maps of kinematic parameters (Lodé-Nadaì coefficient or stress ratio, μσ, and strain angle, ω, based on average strain tensors according to the complete earthquake catalog for the Northern Tien Shan (1056 events for 1998–2012). The two sets of source parameters (r, M0, Δσ and μσ, ω) correlate within the eastern Kyrgyz Range and the Karamoinok and Syndyk Ranges.
PRICE REPORTING IN A THIN MARKET
Authors: AJEWOLE KAYODE , SCHROEDER TED C. , PARCELL JOE 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThin markets create challenges for reporting market information by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and for users of the information. This study examines distributions of transactions comprising daily price reports in the U.S. hog market. We determine publicly reported daily prices are sensitive to which packing plants buy hogs. Transaction prices comprising USDA Agricultural Marketing Service price reports are not normally distributed; care must be taken in reporting and interpreting transaction prices. Economically important variations in prices occur because of packer-specific indicators. Daily reported prices are used as base prices in marketing agreements, making variation of even greater importance.
EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON RICE YIELD AND RICE MARKET IN VIETNAM
Authors: LE TRANG T. H. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe evaluate the effects of climate change on Vietnam's rice market. Results suggest that under a low-emission scenario and without interventions, rice production would drop by as much as 18% by 2030 relative to the 1980–1999 average. Farm and wholesale prices would increase by 1.86%, causing domestic demand to fall by 0.38%. The export sector would experience a rise of 6.94% in export free-on-board prices and a drop of 55.36% in export quantities. Farmers would experience a sales loss of 16.02%, whereas wholesalers would see a sales gain of 1.48%. For exporters, their sales loss would amount to 48.42%.
Preliminary investigation of use of flexible folding wing tips for static and dynamic load alleviation
Authors: Castrichini A. , Siddaramaiah V. Hodigere , Calderon D.E. , Cooper J.E. , Wilson T. , Lemmens Y. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTA recent consideration in aircraft design is the use of folding wing-tips with the aim of enabling higher aspect ratio aircraft with less induced drag while also meeting airport gate limitations. This study investigates the effect of exploiting folding wing-tips in flight as a device to reduce both static and dynamic loads. A representative civil jet aircraft aeroelastic model was used to explore the effect of introducing a wing-tip device, connected to the wings with an elastic hinge, on the load behaviour. For the dynamic cases, vertical discrete gusts and continuous turbulence were considered. The effects of hinge orientation, stiffness, damping and wing-tip weight on the static and dynamic response were investigated. It was found that significant reductions in both the static and dynamic loads were possible. For the case considered, a 25% increase in span using folding wing-tips resulted in almost no increase in loads.
Money is Brain: Financial Barriers and Consequences for Canadian Stroke Patients
Authors: Ganesh Aravind , King-Shier Kathryn , Manns Braden J. , Hill Michael D. , Campbell David J.T. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackground: Stroke patients of lower socioeconomic status have worse outcomes. It remains poorly understood whether this is due to illness severity or personal or health system barriers. We explored the experiences of stroke patients with financial barriers in a qualitative descriptive pilot study, seeking to capture perceived challenges that interfere with their poststroke health and recovery. Methods: We interviewed six adults with a history of stroke and financial barriers in Alberta, Canada, inquiring about their: (1) experiences after stroke; (2) experience of financial barriers; (3) perceived reasons for financial barriers; (4) health consequences of financial barriers; and (5) mechanisms for coping with financial barriers. Two reviewers analyzed data using inductive thematic analysis. Results: The participants developed new or worsened financial circumstances as a consequence of stroke-related disability. Poststroke impairments and financial barriers took a toll on their mental health. They struggled to access several aspects of long-term poststroke care, including allied health professional services, medications, and proper nutrition. They described opportunity costs and tradeoffs when accessing health services. In several cases, they were unaware of health resources available to them and were hesitant to disclose their struggles to their physicians and even their families. Conclusion: Some patients with financial barriers perceive challenges to accessing various aspects of poststroke care. They may have inadequate knowledge of resources available to them and may not disclose their concerns to their health care team. This suggests that providers themselves might consider asking stroke patients about financial barriers to optimize their long-term poststroke care.
An Increase in Healthcare-Associated Clostridium difficile Infection Associated with Use of a Defective Peracetic Acid–Based Surface Disinfectant
Authors: Cadnum Jennifer L. , Jencson Annette L. , O’Donnell Marguerite C. , Flannery Elizabeth R. , Nerandzic Michelle M. , Donskey Curtis J. 
Published: November 2016

BACKGROUNDWe investigated an increase in the incidence of healthcare-associated Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) that occurred following a change from a bleach disinfectant to a peracetic acid–based disinfectant.OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy of the peracetic acid–based disinfectant.DESIGNLaboratory-based product evaluation.METHODSThe commercial peracetic acid–based product is activated on site by mixing a small volume of concentrated hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid present in a “SmartCap” reservoir with the remaining contents of the container. We measured concentrations of peracetic acid in newly activated and in-use product and determined the stability of nonactivated and activated product. We tested the efficacy of the product against C. difficile spores using the American Society for Testing and Materials standard quantitative carrier disk test method.RESULTSMeasured concentrations of peracetic acid (50–800 parts per million [ppm]) were significantly lower than the level stated on the product label (1,500 ppm), and similar results were obtained for containers from multiple lot numbers and from another hospital. Product with peracetic acid levels below 600 ppm had significantly reduced activity against C. difficile spores. Peracetic acid concentrations were reduced markedly after storage of either activated or nonactivated product for several weeks. The Environmental Protection Agency confirmed the finding of low disinfectant levels and ordered discontinuation of sale of the product.CONCLUSIONUse of a defective peracetic acid–based surface disinfectant may have contributed to an increase in healthcare-associated CDI. Our findings highlight the importance of evaluating the efficacy of liquid disinfectants in healthcare settings.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:300–305
Patients and carers as teachers in psychiatric education: a literature review and discussion
Authors: Miller C. , Pradeep V. , Mohamad M. , Izmeth Z. , Reynolds M. T. P. , Gulati G. 
Published: November 2016

IntroductionThe direct involvement of patients and carers in psychiatric education is driven by policy in the United Kingdom and Ireland. The benefits of this involvement are well known, however, it is important to consider the ethical aspects. This paper suggests how further research could explore and potentially mitigate adverse outcomes.MethodA literature search evaluating the role of patients and carer involvement in psychiatric education was undertaken to summarise existing evidence relating to the following: methods of involvement, evidence of usefulness, patient’s/carer’s views and learners’ views.ResultsThe Medline search produced 231 articles of which 31 were included in the literature review based on the key themes addressed in the paper.Discussion/conclusionThe available evidence is generally positive regarding the use of patients and carers in psychiatric education. However, available research is varied in approach and outcome with little information on the ethical consequences. More research is required to inform policies on teaching regarding potential adverse effects of service user involvement.
On the spreading of impacting drops under the influence of a vertical magnetic field
Authors: Zhang Jie , Han Tian-Yang , Yang Juan-Cheng , Ni Ming-Jiu 
Published: November 2016

A theoretical model is developed to predict the maximum spreading of liquid metal drops when impacting onto dry surfaces under the influence of a vertical magnetic field. This model, which is constructed based on the energy conversion principle, agrees very well with the numerical results, covering a wide range of impact speeds, contact angles and magnetic strengths. When there is no magnetic field, we found that the maximum spreading factor can be predicted well by an interpolating scheme between the viscous and capillary effects, as proposed by Laan et al. (Phys. Rev. Appl., vol. 2 (4), 2014, 044018). However, when gradually increasing the magnetic field strength, the induced Lorentz forces are dominant over the viscous and capillary forces, taking the spreading behaviour into the ‘Joule regime’, where the Joule dissipation is significant. For most situations of practical interest, namely when the strength of the magnetic field is less than 3 T, all three energy conversion routes are important. Therefore, we determine the correct scaling behaviours for the magnetic influence by first equating the loss of kinetic energy to the Joule dissipation in the Joule regime, then by interpolating it with the viscous dissipation and the capillary effects, which allows for a universal rescaling. By plotting the numerical results against the theoretical model, all the results can be rescaled onto a single curve regardless of the materials of the liquid metals or the contact angles of the surfaces, proving that our theoretical model is correct in predicting the maximum spreading factor by constructing a balanced formula between kinetic energy, capillary energy, viscous dissipation energy and Joule dissipation energy.
Retiolitine graptolites from the Aeronian and lower Telychian (Llandovery, Silurian) of Arctic Canada
Authors: Melchin Michael J. , Lenz Alfred C. , Kozłowska Anna 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAn exceptional fauna of retiolitine graptolites from Aeronian and lowermost Telychian strata in Arctic Canada provides significant new insights into the phylogeny and history of diversity of retiolitine graptolites. All specimens were isolated by dissolution of calcite concretions. The results indicate that retiolitines emerged within the lower Aeronian and reached a higher than expected level of diversity and disparity of forms by mid-Aeronian time. The uppermost Aeronian is almost totally devoid of preserved graptolites in Arctic Canada and, therefore, our material provides few new insights into retiolitine morphology or diversity through that interval. Specimens assigned toPseudoretiolites? sp. occur in well-dated lower Aeronian strata, thus representing the lowest known biostratigraphic occurrences of retiolitines globally. This taxon appears to be morphologically primitive in that the sicula is completely preserved, with preservation of the proximal regions of theca 11, as well as distal thecal fusellum on mature specimens. Cladistic analysis of the Llandovery retiolitines shows thatPseudoretiolitesis a stem genus for all of the other retiolitine taxa, which comprise two clades: one consisting ofPseudoplegmatograptus,Retiolites, andStomatograptusand their derivatives; and the other includesRotaretiolites,Aeroretiolites,Aeroretiolites?,Eorograptus,Paraplectograptus,Paraplectograptus?, andSokolovograptus, and all of those other taxa that had previously been placed in the Plectograptinae. We follow the recent proposal that all of the taxa traditionally assigned to the Retiolitidae be assigned to the subfamily Retiolitinae. The following new taxa are described:Pseudoretiolites hyrichusn. sp.,Eorograptus spirifern. sp., andAeroretiolites cancellatusn. gen. n. sp.
Consumption of fruits and vegetables among adolescents: a multi-national comparison of eleven countries in the Eastern Mediterranean Region
Authors: Al Ani M. F. , Al Subhi Lyutha K. , Bose S. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA regional cross-country profile of fruit and vegetable (F&V) consumption is lacking in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR). This study examines the prevalence of and differences in consumption of F&V ≥5 times/d among adolescents in eleven EMR countries, and describes differences in the proportions of taking F&V ≥5 times/d by sex, age and BMI. The study included 26 328 school adolescents (13–15 years) with complete data on consumption of F&V, age, sex, weight and height taken from the Global School-based Student Health Survey conducted in the EMR between 2005 and 2009. Overall, only 19·4 % of adolescents reported consuming F&V ≥5 times/d. The highest prevalence was reported in Djibouti (40·4 %) and the lowest was reported in Pakistan (10·0 %). Statistically significant differences in prevalence were observed across countries (P<0·05). With the exception of Oman, Libya and Djibouti, significantly more males than females ate F&V ≥5 times/d. The proportion of students consuming F&V ≥5 times/d also varied significantly in all countries based on BMI (P<0·0001), with students within normal BMI having the highest frequency. A negative trend was observed between age and intake of F&V ≥5 times/d in most of the eleven EMR countries except Jordan, Djibouti and Morocco. The prevalence of adequate intake of F&V is low in the eleven EMR countries. There is a need for interventions to increase the prevalence of adolescents consuming F&V ≥5 times/d. Interventions should take into consideration the psychosocial, environmental and socio-environmental factors influencing F&V intake within countries.