bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of the Synchronous Reluctance Motor Design
Authors: Dirba J. , Lavrinovicha L. , Dobriyan R. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The paper focuses on studying the external-rotor synchronous reluctance motor. The analysis is performed to estimate the influence of the number of stator slots and non-magnetic areas in the rotor (i.e., flux barriers) on the electromagnetic torque and torque ripple of the studied motor. It is concluded that the increase in the number of stator slots Z = 6 to Z = 18 causes an approximately twofold decrease in the ripple factor, but torque increases by 5 %. Electromagnetic torque will be increased approximately by 24 %, if non-magnetic flux barriers are created in the rotor of the studied synchronous reluctance motor.
Magnetic Field Control of Combustion Dynamics
Authors: Barmina I. , Valdmanis R. , Zake M. , Kalis H. , Marinaki M. , Strautins U. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Experimental studies and mathematical modelling of the effects of magnetic field on combustion dynamics at thermo-chemical conversion of biomass are carried out with the aim of providing control of the processes developing in the reaction zone of swirling flame. The joint research of the magnetic field effect on the combustion dynamics includes the estimation of this effect on the formation of the swirling flame dynamics, flame temperature and composition, providing analysis of the magnetic field effects on the flame characteristics. The results of experiments have shown that the magnetic field exerts the influence on the flow velocity components by enhancing a swirl motion in the flame reaction zone with swirl-enhanced mixing of the axial flow of volatiles with cold air swirl, by cooling the flame reaction zone and by limiting the thermo-chemical conversion of volatiles. Mathematical modelling of magnetic field effect on the formation of the flame dynamics confirms that the electromagnetic force, which is induced by the electric current surrounding the flame, leads to field-enhanced increase of flow vorticity by enhancing mixing of the reactants. The magnetic field effect on the flame temperature and rate of reactions leads to conclusion that field-enhanced increase of the flow vorticity results in flame cooling by limiting the chemical conversion of the reactants.
Limits to CO2-Neutrality of Burning Wood. (Review)
Authors: Abolins J. , Gravitis J. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Consumption of wood as a source of energy is discussed with respect to efficiency and restraints to ensure sustainability of the environment on the grounds of a simple analytical model describing dynamics of biomass accumulation in forest stands – a particular case of the well-known empirical Richards’ equation. Amounts of wood harvested under conditions of maximum productivity of forest land are presented in units normalised with respect to the maximum of the mean annual increment and used to determine the limits of CO2-neutrality. The ecological “footprint” defined by the area of growing stands necessary to absorb the excess amount of CO2 annually released from burning biomass is shown to be equal to the land area of a plantation providing sustainable supply of fire-wood.
Scenario Analysis for Future Oil Demand and Supply on the Horizon of 2022
Authors: Mustafa Hasan 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
This study indicates signs of recovery in the oil price beyond 2020 and predicts oil prices will reach $80 in 2022. This scenario posits an opposite view to a large number of experts who believe that oil prices will remain low for a long time. The second less preferred scenario predicts oil prices of $60 in 2022 due to a big spread in shale oil production technology worldwide, combined with a significant increase in oil production costs.
Investigation on Maximum Available Reach for Different Modulation Formats in WDM-PON Systems
Authors: Kurbatska I. , Bobrovs V. , Spolitis S. , Gavars P. , Ivanovs G. , Parts R. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Considering the growing demand for broadband of access networks, in the present paper we investigate various modulation formats as a way of increasing the performance of optical transmission systems. Non-return-to-zero (NRZ) on-off keying, return-to-zero (RZ) OOK, carrier suppressed RZ (CSRZ) OOK, duobinary (DB), NRZ differential phase shift keying (NRZDPSK), RZ-DPSK and CSRZ-DPSK formats are compared using the maximal achievable reach with bit error rate less than 10−9 as a criterion. Simulations are performed by using OptSim software tool. It is shown that using the transmission system without dispersion compensation the best results are shown by duobinary and CSRZ-OOK modulation formats, but with the system using dispersion compensating fiber (DCF) the longest transmission distance is achieved by RZ-DPSK modulation format. By investigating the influence of channel spacing for best-performed modulation formats, network reach decrease for transmission systems with DCF fiber has been observed due to channel crosstalk.
Seven or Fewer Core Contents of Social Responsibility?
Authors: Zore Mira , Bastič Majda , Mulej Matjaž 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) replaces causes of the current crisis by principles of accountability, transparency, ethics, and respect for organizational stakeholders, the law, international standards, and human rights (International Organization for Standardization, 2010). Interdependence and a holistic approach link them and CSR’s core contents. We examined if Slovene companies involve all seven CSR core contents of ISO 26000 (CSR to employees, customers, local community, environment, human rights, ethical behavior, and leadership). The analysis united three of them—CSR to employees, ethical behavior, and human rights—into CSR leadership to employees.
Genetically modified organisms (GMO) in opinions completing secondary schools in Lublin
Authors: Lachowski Stanisław , Florek-Łuszczki Magdalena , Jurkiewicz Anna , Chmielewski Jarosław , Żeber-Dzikowska Ilona 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The objective of the conducted analysis is the opinion of adolescents completing secondary schools concerning genetically modified organisms (GMO) and determination of the relationship between the level of knowledge concerning GMO, and evaluation of the safety of their use in industry and agriculture.
The scope of problems undertaken was elaborated based on the survey studies conducted on a group of 500 adolescents completing secondary schools from the Lublin Region, including 250 attending general profile secondary schools and 250 from agricultural technical schools. The study was conducted by the method of a diagnostic survey, using the questionnaire technique. The results of the study showed that the respondents perceived both positive and negative aspects of producing genetically modified (GM) products. These evaluations were significantly related with the respondents’ level of knowledge concerning GMO. The higher the level of knowledge, the more positive the evaluations of the adolescents concerning the cultivation and breeding of GMO, and more frequent indications that the consumption of products manufactured from these organisms is safe.
On uninorms and nullnorms on direct product of bounded lattices
Authors: Kalina Martin 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
We will study uninorms on the unit square endowed with the natural partial order defined coordinate-wise. We will show that we can choose arbitrary pairs of incomparable elements, (a, e) and construct a uninorm whose neutral element is e and annihilator is a. As a special case we construct uninorms which are at the same time also nullnorms (or, expressed another way, we construct proper nullnorms with neutral element). We will also generalize this result to the direct product of two bounded lattices. I.e., we will show that it is possible to construct nullnorms with a neutral element on the direct product of two bounded lattices.
Comparison of treatment plans: a retrospective study by the method of radiobiological evaluation
Authors: Puzhakkal Niyas , Kallikuzhiyil Kochunny Abdullah , Manthala Padannayil Noufal , Singh Navin , Elavan Chalil Jumanath , Kulangarakath Umer Jamshad 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
There are many situations in radiotherapy where multiple treatment plans need to be compared for selection of an optimal plan. In this study we performed the radiobiological method of plan evaluation to verify the treatment plan comparison procedure of our clinical practice. We estimated and correlated various radiobiological dose indices with physical dose metrics for a total of 30 patients representing typical cases of head and neck, prostate and brain tumors. Three sets of plans along with a clinically approved plan (final plan) treated by either Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) or Rapid Arc (RA) techniques were considered. The study yielded improved target coverage for final plans, however, no appreciable differences in doses and the complication probabilities of organs at risk were noticed. Even though all four plans showed adequate dose distributions, from dosimetric point of view, the final plan had more acceptable dose distribution. The estimated biological outcome and dose volume histogram data showed least differences between plans for IMRT when compared to RA. Our retrospective study based on 120 plans, validated the radiobiological method of plan evaluation. The tumor cure or normal tissue complication probabilities were found to be correlated with the corresponding physical dose indices.
Redox speciation of uranium with phenylphosphonic acid (PPA) in aqueous medium
Authors: Srivastava Ashutosh , Kumar Pranaw , Tomar Bhupendra S. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Studies on complexation of uranium with organophosphorous ligands in aquatic systems are important from point of view of mobility of uranium in environment. In the present paper, we report the results of complexation of U(VI) by a model ligand for organophosphorus functionalities in humic substances (HS), that is, phenylphosphonic acid (PPA), using electro analytical techniques. The UO2
2+ has been found to form 1:1 and 1:2 complexes with mono-protonated PPA (HPhPO3
−) and 1:1 complex with non-protonated PPA, (PhPO3)2−, with the latter complex (UO2PhPO3) dominating over the other two species. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) were used to investigate the redox behavior of UO2PhPO3 species and to explore the kinetics of its reduction by evaluating heterogeneous electron-transfer kinetic (D, k
s and α) parameters. The diffusion coefficient (D) value was found to be 6.76×10−5 cm2 s−1 and 5.03×10−5 cm2 s−1 at pH 5 and 3, respectively, with rate constant, k
s=0.304×10−3 cm/s. Using the DeFord and Hume formalism the stability constant (log β) of UO2PhPO3 was calculated to be (6.98±0.12), which is in agreement with the literature data. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) studies corroborated the existence of UO2PhPO3 complex.
Biomarkers in spinal cord compression Ethics and perspectives
Authors: Iencean A.St. , Tascu A. , Iencean St. M. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The phosphorylated form of the high-molecular-weight neurofilament subunit NF-H (pNF-H) in serum or in cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) is a specific lesional biomarker for spinal cord injury. The lesional biomarkers and the reaction biomarkers are both presented after several hours post-injury. The specific predictive patterns of lesional biomarkers could be used to aid clinicians with making a diagnosis and establishing a prognosis, and evaluating therapeutic interventions. Diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment guidance based on biomarker used as a predictive indicator can determine ethical difficulties by differentiated therapies in patients with spinal cord compression. At this point based on studies until today we cannot take a decision based on biomarker limiting the treatment of neurological recovery in patients with complete spinal cord injury because we do not know the complexity of the biological response to spinal cord compression.
The role of the basal cisterns in the development of posterior fossa skull base meningiomas
Authors: Florian Ioan Stefan , Ungureanu Gheorghe , Florian Alexandru 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Meningiomas account for more than 30% of all intracranial brain tumors, with 25% of them originating somewhere along the skull base and about 20% of these located in the posterior fossa. The intimate relation of these tumors with neural and vascular structures make them difficult to treat, both surgically and nonsurgically. Their treatment is further hampered by the lack of definitive recommendations, which is partially due to the fact that there is no general accepted model of classification. The present report proposes a new concept of classification of posterior fossa skull base meningiomas, one that takes into account the intimate relation of these tumors with arachnoid structures, simplifies the overcrowded landscape of their systematization and can be extended to oher skull base locations.
Giant posterior fossa mature teratoma with adjacent subacute haematoma, compressive on the brainstem, with acute hydrocephalus. Case report
Authors: Balasa D. , Carp O. , Mocanu L. , Butoi G. , Taran V. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Mature teratoma of the vermis is a rare entity in neurosurgical adulthood pathology. We present the case of a 65 years old patient, admited as an emergency for intense headache (VAS 8/10), nausea, vomiting, gait ataxia, orizontal nistagmus, dismetria, disdiadocokinezia, predominant on the left side, long tracts signs, predominant on the left side. Native and contrast CT and MRI scan of the head revealed a tumoral lesion, in the vermian, paravermian and in the fourth ventricle, with the aspect of a teratoma with intratumoral subacute haemorrhage including a giant lesion 5,5/5/4,5 cm, compressive on mesencephalon, and with suprajacent acute internal hidrocephalus. Emergency neurosurgery was performed (occipital infratentorial craniectomy, microneurosurgical total tumoral resection and haematoma evacuation). Postoperative, the patient recovered progressivelly , subtotal neo and arhicerebellar symptoms. The motor long tract signs recovered slower and persisted incomplete.
Diagnostic criteria in invasive pituitary adenomas
Authors: Moldovan Ioana-Maria , Melincovici Carmen , Mihu Carmen Mihaela , Susman Sergiu , Constantin Anne-Marie , Florian Stefan Ioan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPituitary adenomas are benign pituitary primary tumors, the most frequent type of tumor in the pituitary fossa. An important part, around 1/3 of the pituitary adenomas manifests an aggressive behavior, growing faster and invading into parasellar areas (cavernous sinus, neural tissues and bones). Objectives: the first aim of this paper is to review the last findings about invasiveness diagnostic criteria, imagistic and biomarkers, which can be used in the classification of pituitary tumors and also to predict the probability of invasiveness, tumor recurrence and suspicion of malignancy. The second aim is to highlight the morphological and clinic types of invasive pituitary adenomas. Materials and methods: we performed a systematic review and analysis of the published articles, searching PubMed between January 1985 and December 2015. There were selected articles published in English, reviews and abstracts. During the advanced search type in PubMed, combinations of the following keywords were used: “pituitary adenoma”, “invasive”, “aggressive”, “biomarkers”, “classification”, “histological subtypes”, ‘”immunohistochemical markers”. Results: 215 articles were selected, regarding diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic aspects. There were some histological subtypes of pituitary adenomas known as having an aggressive clinical behavior. Several biomarkers were identified as being associated with the invasive feature: proliferation markers (Ki-67 index, number of mitoses, p53 & p27 expression, microvascularization density, telomerase, topoisomerase 2 Alpha), matrix metalloproteinases, protein kinase C, cyclooxygenase-2, E-cadherin, transcription Factors, genetic alterations (PTTG gene, Galectin-3 protein/ LGALS3 gene), apoptosis markers. Based on their invasion and proliferation characteristics, pituitary tumors are proposed to be classified into five grades (1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3), the grade 2b tumor with high risk of recurrence being considered as tumor suspected of malignancy. Conclusions: Using a set of specific biological markers for invasive process, there is hope to establish an early diagnosis and prevention of invasive pituitary adenomas. Due to the fact that aggressive pituitary tumors are generally difficult to manage, unresponsive to therapy, quickly recurrent and associated with poor prognosis, the early diagnosis and the search for new therapeutic approaches is becoming mandatory. Instead of using “invasive” or “aggressive” adenoma, the term “tumor suspected of malignancy” would be used for more accuracy
Acute spontaneous subdural hematomaas unusual complication after tooth extraction
Authors: Calderon-Miranda Willem Guillermo , Hernandez Nidia Escobar , Moscote Salazar Luis Rafael , Agrawal Amit 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Background: Intracranial bleeding has been reported in the literature associated with tooth extraction. Coagulation disorders are often associated with complications after dental extraction. In this case report, we describe a case of spontaneously intracranial subdural hematoma possible after tooth extraction.
Case description: The patient was a 26-y-old female without any underlying diseases. A computerized tomography scan showed a subdural hematoma 48 hours after the dental extraction. She was managed with a burr hole, good postoperative evolution and discharged to home.
Conclusion: Although rare, the presence of headache with signs of alarm after the extraction of a tooth, we must discard intracranial abnormalities. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report in the literature of a spontaneously intracranial subdural hematoma possible after tooth extraction.
Solitary plasmocytoma of the skull: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Moscote-Salazar Luis Rafael , Alvis-Miranda Hernando Raphael , Calderon-Miranda Willem Guillermo , Carmona Meza Zenen Antonio , Hernandez Nidia Escobar , Blancas-Rivera Marco Antonio , Agrawal Amit 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Solitary plasmacytoma and extramedullary plasmocytoma are tumors of malignant character composed of plasma cells, with a mean age of onset at 60 years. They can appear anywhere where the reticuloendothelial system is present. Usually these tumors lead to the development of multiple myeloma in a period of time ranging from 3 to 5 years. We present a rare case handled in our neurosurgery service associated with an unusually long period of evolution.
Chronic subdural hematoma associated with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in an elderly female: A rare case report
Authors: Chhabra Sachin , Gupta Ashok 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Intracranial hemorrhage is the most fatal complication of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP) and is very rare(<1%) mostly in young females and intraparenchymal or subarachnoid in most of the cases. We report a case of 63 years of female presented with acute SDH with petechiae in both lower limbs and headache. After ruling out all causes patient was diagnosed as having idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP).Considering her haematological and neurological profile patient was kept conservatively. Platelets and steroids were given to the patient following which platelet counts improved but patient deteriorated clinically. Hence patient was operated and surgical evacuation of SDH was done through burr hole. Although some studies have shown disappearance of chronic SDH with medical management, but it failed in our case and so surgical evacuation was done.
Epidermoid cyst in Anterior, Middle & Extension of Posterior cranial fossa: rare Imaging with review of literature
Authors: Kankane Vivek Kumar , Jaiswal Gaurav , Gupta Tarun Kumar 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Epidermoid cysts are benign slow growing more often extra-axial tumors that insinuate between brain structures, we present the clinical, imaging, and pathological findings in 35 years old female patients with atypical epidermoid cysts which was situated anterior, middle & posterior cranial fossa. NCCT head revealed hypodense lesion over right temporal and perisylvian region with extension in prepontine cistern with mass effect & midline shift and MRI findings revealed a non-enhancing heterogeneous signal intensity cystic lesion in right frontal & temporal region extending into prepontine cistern with restricted diffusion. Patient was detoriated in night of same day of admission, emergency Fronto-temporal craniotomy with anterior peterousectomy and subtotal resection was done. The histological examination confirms the epidermoid cyst. The timing of ectodermal tissue sequestration during fetal development may account for the occurrence of atypical epidermoid cysts.
Traumatic dural venous sinus thrombosis: A Mini Review
Authors: Moscote-Salazar Luis Rafael , Calderón- Miranda Willem Guillermo , Escobar-Hernandez Nidia , Cabeza-Morales Marticela , Rubiano Andrés M. , Alvis-Miranda Hernando Raphael , Zabaleta-Churio Nasly , Agrawal Amit 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The dural venous sinus thrombosis is a benign disease, representing about 1% of cerebral vascular events. In some cases the development of the disease increased intracranial pressure or symptomatic epilepsy. The development towards a dural venous sinus thrombosis is rare, but is a condition to be considered before the development of ischemic vascular events and a history of recent head trauma. Intracranial hematomas or skull fractures can lead to the establishment of obstructive pathology of the dural venous sinuses. The knowledge of this entity is necessary for the critical care staff and neurosurgery staff.
The rise and fall of metaphor: A study in meaning and meaninglessness
Authors: Rupp Nathan Black 
Published: September 2016

AbstractI propose the specific words used by a community define that community, yet at the same time the community is defined by those words. This ever-changing lexicon of communal metaphor is the storehouse of all the meanings and their usages used by a given group. By looking at the metaphors that permeate any communal language, we see that all language is metaphoric. With the use of Conceptual Metaphor Theory and Conceptual Blending Theory, I investigate how new meanings enter our lexicon and become social meaning. This investigation also provides a closer understanding of “literal” meanings. We come to see they are just stale metaphors or neglected blendings devoid of potency. The process by which meanings are created illuminates how they become “literal.” Thus, showing us the danger that accompanies us in the modern, literal age.