bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical prognostic markers in stage IIIC melanoma
Authors: Madu Max F. , Schopman Jaap H.H. , Berger Danique M.S. , Klop Willem M.C. , Jóźwiak Katarzyna , Wouters Michel W.J.M. , van der Hage Jos A. , van Akkooi Alexander C.J. 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundAlthough the EORTC 18071‐trial has shown a clear survival benefit for adjuvant ipilimumab, accurately selecting patients for this toxic adjuvant therapy is important. We aimed to identify prognostic factors for death and disease recurrence in AJCC stage IIIC melanoma patients.Patients and MethodsRetrospective analysis of patients who underwent lymph node dissection (LND) for stage IIIC melanoma in our institution between 2000 and 2016. Baseline characteristics, melanoma‐specific survival (MSS), and disease‐free survival (DFS) were assessed, and prognostic factors for recurrence and survival were analyzed using uni‐ and multivariable analysis.ResultsA total of 205 patients were included. Median follow‐up was 20 months (interquartile range 11‐43 months), median MSS was 28 months, and median DFS was 11 months. Five‐year MSS was 33% and 5‐year DFS was 23%. N3 (≥4 involved lymph nodes) and extracapsular extension (ECE) carried an increased risk of disease recurrence after LND and death by melanoma. Patients with both N3 and ECE had virtually no long‐term survival.ConclusionsAlthough survival for patients with stage IIIC is poor in general, patients with both N3 disease and ECE constitute the group with the worst prognosis and should be considered for adjuvant therapy with ipilimumab or any other future effective adjuvant therapy (study).
Evaluation of Liver, Kidney, and Spleen Elasticity in Healthy Newborns and Infants Using Shear Wave Elastography
Authors: Palabiyik Figen Bakirtas , Inci Ercan , Turkay Rustu , Bas Derya 
Published: April 2017

ObjectivesElasticity measurements of tissues can be valuable in the diagnosis and management of various diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the elasticity values for normal liver, kidney, and spleen of healthy newborns and infants using shear wave elastography (SWE) imaging.MethodsA total of 50 healthy term newborns and infants (19 girls and 31 boys; mean age 20.1 days, range 1 to 70 days) were examined by an experienced pediatric radiologist using SWE. None of them had any liver, kidney or spleen disease, or any other systemic disease that could affect these organs secondarily. All newborns and infants had a normal abdominal ultrasound scan.ResultsAge, sex, weight, height, and body mass index had no significant effects on shear wave velocity (SWV) values of liver and spleen. The SWV values of both kidneys decreased with age, weight, height, and body mass index. The mean SWV values were 1.70 m/s (range: 1.23–2.43 m/s) for the liver, 1.69 m/s (range: 0.8–2.40 m/s) for the right kidney, 1.70 m/s (range: 0.9–2.49 m/s) for the left kidney, and 2.03 m/s (range: 1.28–2.48 m/s) for the spleen.ConclusionsShear wave elastography can be used to measure liver, kidney, and spleen elasticity in newborns and infants. The standard values for abdominal organs allow differentiation of healthy versus pathological tissue. We measured the normal values of SWE in healthy newborns and infants as reference data.
Prophylactic dissection of level V in primary mucosal SCC in the clinically N positive neck: A systematic review
Authors: McLean Timothy , Kerr Stephen J. , Giddings Charles E. B. 
Published: April 2017

ObjectiveTo review the evidence for level V dissection in the management of previously untreated mucosal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the head and neck presenting with nodal metastasis when level V is clinically uninvolved.Data SourceThe Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) were used to conduct a systematic review of the current literature, including all English language articles published after 1990. A literature search was performed on November 29, 2015, of Medline, EMBASE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and the Cochrane Library.Review MethodsThe search yielded a total of 270 papers. Strict inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, leaving 20 eligible papers. Overall prevalence was calculated using random effect meta‐analysis.ResultsThe overall prevalence of level V occult disease in the node (N)‐positive neck, irrespective of subsite, was 2.56% (95% confidence interval 1.29–3.84) (2,368 patients and 2,533 necks). The prevalence of occult level V metastasis was up to 7.7% for oral cavity and 8.3% for oropharyngeal tumors. Five studies reported regional recurrence rates over variable time periods. There is exceedingly limited data on outcomes, such as spinal accessory nerve function, quality of life, and perioperative complications.ConclusionMucosal head and neck SCC presenting with nodal metastasis but with level V clinically uninvolved has a low prevalence of occult level V disease. Routine dissection of level V does not appear to be warranted; however, a definitive conclusion is unable to be drawn due to limited data on morbidity and oncological outcomes. Laryngoscope, 127:2074–2080, 2017
Evaluation of Difunctional Vinylcyclopropanes as Reactive Diluents for the Development of Low‐Shrinkage Composites
Authors: Catel Yohann , Fässler Pascal , Fischer Urs , Gorsche Christian , Schörpf Sebastian , Tauscher Sven , Liska Robert , Moszner Norbert 
Published: April 2017

Polymerization shrinkage of dental composites remains a major concern. Free‐radically polymerizable cyclic monomers can be a conceivable alternative to methacrylates for the development of low‐shrinkage composites. In this study, the one‐step synthesis of the novel low viscosity difunctional vinylcyclopropanes 1–4 is described. Photopolymerization kinetics of these monomers are investigated by photo‐differential scanning calorimeter, using bis(4‐methoxybenzoyl)diethylgermane as photoinitiator. Real‐time near‐infrared photorheology measurements are performed to evaluate rheological behavior (i.e., time of gelation, polymerization‐induced shrinkage force) and chemical conversion (i.e., double bond conversion at the gel point, final double bond conversion) of the vinylcyclopropanes in situ. The potential of these monomers as reactive diluents in dental restorative materials is evaluated. Composites based on vinycyclopropanes 1–4 show good mechanical properties and exhibit significantly lower volumetric shrinkage and shrinkage stress than corresponding dimethacrylate‐based materials. The results indicate that such monomers are promising candidates for the replacement of commonly used low viscosity dimethacrylates such as triethylene glycol dimethacrylate in dental composites.
image
Improved magnetic resonance fingerprinting reconstruction with low‐rank and subspace modeling
Authors: Zhao Bo , Setsompop Kawin , Adalsteinsson Elfar , Gagoski Borjan , Ye Huihui , Ma Dan , Jiang Yun , Ellen Grant P. , Griswold Mark A. , Wald Lawrence L. 
Published: April 2017

PurposeThis article introduces a constrained imaging method based on low‐rank and subspace modeling to improve the accuracy and speed of MR fingerprinting (MRF).Theory and MethodsA new model‐based imaging method is developed for MRF to reconstruct high‐quality time‐series images and accurate tissue parameter maps (e.g., T1, T2, and spin density maps). Specifically, the proposed method exploits low‐rank approximations of MRF time‐series images, and further enforces temporal subspace constraints to capture magnetization dynamics. This allows the time‐series image reconstruction problem to be formulated as a simple linear least‐squares problem, which enables efficient computation. After image reconstruction, tissue parameter maps are estimated via dictionary‐based pattern matching, as in the conventional approach.ResultsThe effectiveness of the proposed method was evaluated with in vivo experiments. Compared with the conventional MRF reconstruction, the proposed method reconstructs time‐series images with significantly reduced aliasing artifacts and noise contamination. Although the conventional approach exhibits some robustness to these corruptions, the improved time‐series image reconstruction in turn provides more accurate tissue parameter maps. The improvement is pronounced especially when the acquisition time becomes short.ConclusionsThe proposed method significantly improves the accuracy of MRF, and also reduces data acquisition time. Magn Reson Med 79:933–942, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Convenient synthetic route to tetraarylphosphonium polyelectrolytes via palladium‐catalyzed P–C coupling of aryl triflates and diphenylphosphine
Authors: Wan Wang , Yang Xiaoyan , Smith Rhett C. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTA series of eight tetraarylphosphonium polyelectrolytes (TPELs) has been successfully synthesized by polymerization of diphenylphosphine and bis(aryl triflate)s. The bis(aryl triflate)s are readily prepared from bisphenols, some of which are commodity feedstocks such as bisphenol A. The polymerization via palladium catalyzed P–C bond formation produces degrees of polymerization up to 65. All polymeric triflates have reasonable thermal stability in the range of 350–450 °C. The stability of the TPELs to alkaline solution is strongly depending on the spacer between adjacent phosphonium sites. Polymers with electron‐releasing and bulky substituent para‐ to the phosphonium site have improved stability while those with electron‐withdrawing substituent para‐ to phosphonium site have decreased alkaline stability due to decomposition via a nucleophilic aromatic substitution pathway. These findings have important ramifications for the design of ionomers for alkaline exchange membrane fuel cells and related electrochemical energy conversion devices. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 1984–1990
The aggressor at the mirror: Psychiatric correlates of deliberate self-harm in male prison inmates
Authors: Verdolini N. , Murru A. , Attademo L. , Garinella R. , Pacchiarotti I. , Bonnin C. del Mar , Samalin L. , Pauselli L. , Piselli M. , Tamantini A. , Quartesan R. , Carvalho A.F. , Vieta E. , Tortorella A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackground:Deliberate self-harm (DSH) causes important concern in prison inmates as it worsens morbidity and increases the risk for suicide. The aim of the present study is to investigate the prevalence and correlates of DSH in a large sample of male prisoners.Methods:A cross-sectional study evaluated male prisoners aged 18+ years. Current and lifetime psychiatric diagnoses were assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - DSM-IV Axis I and Axis II Disorders and with the Addiction Severity Index-Expanded Version. DSH was assessed with The Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify independent correlates of lifetime DSH.Results:Ninety-three of 526 inmates (17.7%) reported at least 1 lifetime DSH behavior, and 58/93 (62.4%) of those reported a DSH act while in prison. After multivariable adjustment (sensitivity 41.9%, specificity 96.1%, area under the curve = 0.854, 95% confidence interval CI = 0.811–0.897, P < 0.001), DSH was significantly associated with lifetime psychotic disorders (adjusted Odds Ratio aOR = 6.227, 95% CI = 2.183–17.762, P = 0.001), borderline personality disorder (aOR = 6.004, 95% CI = 3.305–10.907, P < 0.001), affective disorders (aOR = 2.856, 95% CI = 1.350–6.039, P = 0.006) and misuse of multiple substances (aOR = 2.024, 95% CI = 1.111–3.687, P = 0.021).Conclusions:Borderline personality disorder and misuse of multiple substances are established risk factors of DSH, but psychotic and affective disorders were also associated with DSH in male prison inmates. This points to possible DSH-related clinical sub-groups, that bear specific treatment needs.
A systematic review of pre, peri and postoperative factors and their implications for the lengths of resected bowel segments in patients with Crohn’s disease
Authors: Hendel Kristoffer , Kjærgaard Sebastian , El-Hussuna Alaa 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Aim
Several pre, peri and postoperative factors may have implications for the lengths of resected small bowel segments in Crohn’s disease patients. It might also affect patient outcome. We reviewed the current literature on factors and their implications for the lengths of resected small bowel segments and possible correlations with postoperative outcome.

Method
Searches were independently engineered by the authors and a research-librarian in MEDLINE and OVID databases using PubMed and EMBASE engines in compliance with PRISMA recommendations. All original articles, reviews and guidelines published in the period of 1985–2016 with last search date 13th of February 2016 on bowel resection in Crohn’s disease patients were assessed for inclusion.

Results
We identified 52 studies for synthesis. Preoperative: Perforation as indication for surgery and increased visceral obesity may be factors resulting in longer lengths of resected small bowel segments. Administration of total parenteral nutrition might reduce resection lengths. Perioperative: No difference in resection lengths in elective versus acute surgery, laparoscopic versus open approaches or in case of intra-operative blood transfusions. Stapled anastomoses might conserve more bowel than sutured ones. Postoperative: The lengths of the resected small bowel segments most likely have no impact on recurrence rates.

Conclusion
No pre, peri or postoperative factors were found to have definitive implications for the lengths of resected small bowel segments. Correlation between the lengths of resection and recurrence is weak.

Highlights
Successful Repeat Sacroplasty in a Patient With a Recurrent Sacral Insufficiency Fracture: A Case Presentation
Authors: Simon Jeremy I. , Surrey David E. , Kitei Paul , Sonagere Matthew , Gehret Jeffrey , Young George , Smoger David 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe standard of care for treatment of sacral insufficiency fracture (SIF) remains conservative management with limited weight‐bearing and analgesics, as most fractures heal within 12 weeks. For those who fail to respond to conservative therapy, are immobile, or cannot tolerate the pain despite analgesic therapy, as well as those who do not improve with time, rest, or activity modification, minimally invasive surgery with percutaneous transverse screw fixation across the fracture is effective. However, a less invasive procedure, percutaneous sacroplasty, may be an option for potential rapid pain reduction. This is a novel report of repeat sacroplasty in a patient with a recurrent SIF to the same anatomical area as a previously treated SIF. To our knowledge, this is the first report of such an occurrence.Level of EvidenceNot applicable.
UB‐311, a novel UBITh® amyloid β peptide vaccine for mild Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Wang Chang Yi , Wang Pei‐Ning , Chiu Ming‐Jang , Finstad Connie L. , Lin Feng , Lynn Shugene , Tai Yuan‐Hung , De Fang Xin , Zhao Kesheng , Hung Chung‐Ho , Tseng Yiting , Peng Wen‐Jiun , Wang Jason , Yu Chih‐Chieh , Kuo Be‐Sheng , Frohna Paul A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIntroductionA novel amyloid β (Aβ) synthetic peptide vaccine (UB‐311) has been evaluated in a first‐in‐human trial with patients of mild‐to‐moderate Alzheimer's disease. We describe translational research covering vaccine design, preclinical characterization, and phase‐I clinical trial with supportive outcome that advances UB‐311 into an ongoing phase‐II trial.MethodsUB‐311 is constructed with two synthetic Aβ1–14–targeting peptides (B‐cell epitope), each linked to different helper T‐cell peptide epitopes (UBITh®) and formulated in a Th2‐biased delivery system. The hAPP751 transgenic mouse model was used to perform the proof‐of‐concept study. Baboons and macaques were used for preclinical safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity evaluation. Patients with mild‐to‐moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD) were immunized by intramuscular route with 3 doses of UB‐311 at weeks 0, 4, and 12, and monitored until week 48. Safety and immunogenicity were assessed per protocol, and preliminary efficacy was analyzed by Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale–Cognitive Subscale (ADAS‐Cog), Mini–Mental State Examination (MMSE), and Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study–Clinician's Global Impression of Change (ADCS‐CGIC).ResultsUB‐311 covers a diverse genetic background and facilitates strong immune response with high responder rate. UB‐311 reduced the levels of Aβ1–42 oligomers, protofibrils, and plaque load in hAPP751 transgenic mice. Safe and well‐tolerated UB‐311 generated considerable site‐specific (Aβ1–10) antibodies across all animal species examined. In AD patients, UB‐311 induced a 100% responder rate; injection site swelling and agitation were the most common adverse events (4/19 each). A slower rate of increase in ADAS‐Cog from baseline to week 48 was observed in the subgroup of mild AD patients (MMSE ≥ 20) compared with the moderate AD subgroup, suggesting that UB‐311 may have a potential of cognition improvement in patients with early stage of Alzheimer's dementia.DiscussionThe UBITh® platform can generate a high‐precision molecular vaccine with high responder rate, strong on‐target immunogenicity, and a potential of cognition improvement, which support UB‐311 for active immunotherapy in early‐to‐mild AD patients currently enrolled in a phase‐II trial (NCT02551809).
Accelerating drug development for Alzheimer's disease through the use of data standards
Authors: Neville Jon , Kopko Steve , Romero Klaus , Corrigan Brian , Stafford Bob , LeRoy Elizabeth , Broadbent Steve , Cisneroz Martin , Wilson Ethan , Reiman Eric , Vanderstichele Hugo , Arnerić Stephen P. , Stephenson Diane 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIntroductionThe exceedingly high rate of failed trials in Alzheimer's disease (AD) calls for immediate attention to improve efficiencies and learning from past, ongoing, and future trials. Accurate, highly rigorous standardized data are at the core of meaningful scientific research. Data standards allow for proper integration of clinical data sets and represent the essential foundation for regulatory endorsement of drug development tools. Such tools increase the potential for success and accuracy of trial results.MethodsThe development of the Clinical Data Interchange Standards Consortium (CDISC) AD therapeutic area data standard was a comprehensive collaborative effort by CDISC and Coalition Against Major Diseases, a consortium of the Critical Path Institute. Clinical concepts for AD and mild cognitive impairment were defined and a data standards user guide was created from various sources of input, including data dictionaries used in AD clinical trials and observational studies.ResultsA comprehensive collection of AD‐specific clinical data standards consisting of clinical outcome measures, leading candidate genes, and cerebrospinal fluid and imaging biomarkers was developed. The AD version 2.0 (V2.0) Therapeutic Area User Guide was developed by diverse experts working with data scientists across multiple consortia through a comprehensive review and revision process. The AD CDISC standard is a publicly available resource to facilitate widespread use and implementation.DiscussionThe AD CDISC V2.0 data standard serves as a platform to catalyze reproducible research, data integration, and efficiencies in clinical trials. It allows for the mapping and integration of available data and provides a foundation for future studies, data sharing, and long‐term registries in AD. The availability of consensus data standards for AD has the potential to facilitate clinical trial initiation and increase sharing and aggregation of data across observational studies and among clinical trials, thereby improving our understanding of disease progression and treatment.
Comparison of sialolithiasis in pediatric and adult patients
Authors: Inui Akinari , Itou Ryohei , Oyama Toshirou , Tamura Yoshihiro , Kubota Kosei , Kobayashi Wataru 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAims: To compare the clinical characteristics of sialolithiasis between pediatric and adult patients.Settings and Design: Subject characteristics, clinical manifestations, salivary calculi characteristics, and treatment modalities and outcomes from medical records were retrospectively compared between pediatric and adult patients with sialolithiasis visiting the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hirosaki University Hospital, between 2005 and 2014.Subjects: We included 5 pediatric (all boys) and 45 adult (20 men; 25 women) patients.Results: Most patients had submandibular swelling. The calculi were located on the right in 100.0% of pediatric patients and 57.8% of adult patients. Moreover, 20.0% of pediatric patients and 35.6% of adult patients exhibited sialoliths in the glands. Calculi were <5 mm in size in 100.0% of pediatric patients and 33.3% of adult patients. Pediatric sialolithiasis treatment included intraoral retrieval under local anesthesia in 4 cases (80.0%) and spontaneous expulsion from the duct in 1 case (20.0%). Adult sialolithiasis treatment included gland resection under general anesthesia in 8 cases (17.8%), intraoral retrieval under general anesthesia in 6 cases (13.3%), intraoral retrieval under local anesthesia in 19 cases (42.2%), spontaneous expulsion in 6 cases (13.3%), and follow‐up only in 6 cases (13.3%).Conclusions: A large number of relatively small and distal sialoliths in pediatric patients was removed using intraoral retrieval under local anesthesia. This difference in the choice of treatment between pediatric and adult sialolithiasis may be attributed to the size and palpability of the calculi.
INTERNATIONAL DIFFUSION OF FOOD SAFETY STANDARDS: THE ROLE OF DOMESTIC CERTIFIERS AND INTERNATIONAL TRADE
Authors: MOHAMMED REZGAR , ZHENG YUQING 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe examined the cross-national adoption of six major private food safety standards, focusing on the role of certifiers and international trade. Results show that the number of certification bodies existing in the domestic country, food exports, and the proportion of food exports to North America had positive effects on a country's adoption of food safety standards. Distance leads to product differentiation for the standards and therefore disadvantages developing countries in Africa and Asia for adopting the standards, which are all based in the United States or Europe. Providing these countries with better access to certifiers can alleviate this geographic disadvantage.
The Rise of “Localism” and Civic Identity in Post-handover Hong Kong: Questioning the Chinese Nation-state
Authors: Veg Sebastian 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWhile it was traditionally accepted that Hongkongers shared a form of pan-Chinese cultural identification that did not contradict their local distinctiveness, over the last decade Hong Kong has seen the rise of new types of local identity discourses. Most recently, “localists” have been a vocal presence. Hong Kong has – quite unexpectedly – developed a strong claim for self-determination. But how new is “localism” with respect to the more traditional “Hong Kong identity” that appeared in the 1970s? The present study takes a two-dimensional approach to study these discourses, examining not only their framework of identification (local versus pan-Chinese) but also their mode of identification (ethno-cultural versus civic). Using three case studies, the June Fourth vigil, the 2012 anti-National Education protest and the 2014 Umbrella movement, it distinguishes between groups advocating civic identification with the local community (Scholarism, HKFS) and others highlighting ethnic identification (Chin Wan). It argues that while local and national identification were traditionally not incompatible, the civic-based identification with a local democratic community, as advocated by most participants in recent movements, is becoming increasingly incompatible with the ethnic and cultural definition of the Chinese nation that is now being promoted by the Beijing government.