bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermodynamic properties of the La2O3–ZrO2 system by Knudsen effusion mass spectrometry at high temperature
Authors: Shugurov S.M. , Kurapova O.Yu. , Lopatin S.I. , Konakov V.G. , Vasil'eva E.A. 
Published: September 2017

RationaleZirconia doped with a lanthanum oxide system is of high interest due to its exceptional thermal stability for the development of high‐performance ceramics. It possesses the beneficial properties of pure zirconia, such as heat resistance, mechanical strength and inertness, but also eliminates its main disadvantage, i.e. brittleness. At high temperatures, components of such systems may vaporize selectively, leading to significant change in composition, and hence, the thermal resistance, phase stability and performance of the ceramic materials. Therefore, information on the vaporization processes and thermodynamic properties of the La2O3−ZrO2 system is of great importance.MethodsKnudsen effusion mass spectrometry was used to study the vaporization processes and thermodynamic properties of solid solutions in the La2O3−ZrO2 system at 2110 K. Pure La2O3 was used as a reference substance. Comprehensive characterization of the precursors and ceramics was performed via SEM, STA, XRD and PSD analysis.ResultsZirconia‐doped lanthania precursor powders and ceramics with La2O3 of 33.3, 50, 70 and 90 mol.% content were manufactured by solid‐state synthesis and the original cryochemical technique. La, LaO, ZrO and ZrO2 were found to be the main vapor species over the samples studied. The activities and thermodynamic properties of La2O3 were calculated. Via XRD analysis it was shown that the phase composition of xLa2O3–(100–x)ZrO2 powders (x = 0.33, 0.5, 0.7 and 0.9 mol. fraction) significantly depends on the synthesis technique chosen.ConclusionsAccording to the XRD results combined with Rietveld refinement of the patterns, 33.3 La2O3–66.7 ZrO2 ceramics after solid‐state synthesis are composed of well‐formed cubic pyrochlore‐type La2Zr2O7 with 5 wt.% admixture of monoclinic and cubic ZrO2 whereas 33.3 La2O3–66.7 ZrO2 precursor powders after cryochemical synthesis correspond to low‐crystalline La(OH)3. The components of the La2O3–ZrO2 system evaporate separately: there is no temperature range where lanthanum and zirconium gaseous species are present together. It was found that the activities of lanthania have low negative deviation from the ideal case.
Exponential stability and stabilization of extended linearizations via continuous updates of Riccati‐based feedback
Authors: Benner P. , Heiland J. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryMany recent works on the stabilization of nonlinear systems target the case of locally stabilizing an unstable steady‐state solution against small perturbations. In this work, we explicitly address the goal of driving a system into a nonattractive steady state starting from a well‐developed state for which the linearization‐based local approaches will not work. Considering extended linearizations or state‐dependent coefficient representations of nonlinear systems, we develop sufficient conditions for the stability of solution trajectories. We find that if the coefficient matrix is uniformly stable in a sufficiently large neighborhood of the current state, then the state will eventually decay. On the basis of these analytical results, we propose a scheme that is designed to maintain the stabilization property of a Riccati‐based feedback constant during a certain period of the state evolution. We illustrate the general applicability of the resulting algorithm for setpoint stabilization of nonlinear autonomous systems and its numerical efficiency in 2 examples.
Functional and Sports-Specific Outcome After Surgical Repair of Rotator Cuff Tears in Rock Climbers
Authors: Simon Michael , Popp Dominik , Lutter Christoph , Schöffl Volker 
Published: September 2017

Objective The purpose of this study was to analyze the general (Constant Murley score) and sports-specific (change in International Climbing and Mountaineering Federation [UIAA] grade) outcome after surgical repair of rotator cuff injuries in rock climbers. Methods In a retrospective study, 12 rock climbers (10 men, 2 women; age 55 years; SD±9; range 28–66 years [mean±SD with range] with rotator cuff lesions were re-evaluated 27±16 (12–72) months after arthroscopic surgical repair of the rotator cuff of the shoulder. The etiology of the rotator cuff pathology was equally chronic (age 61±12 [28–66] years) and acute (age 53±5 [51–65] years). The postoperative general outcome, including the Constant Murley score, was assessed with a standardized questionnaire and clinical examination. The postoperative sports-specific outcome was analyzed using the UIAA metric scale. Results The postoperative Constant Murley score was 92±7 (80–98). All participants had already started climbing again; 11 of 12 climbers regained a climbing level within ±1.33 UIAA metric grades of their initial capability. Conclusion Arthroscopic repair of acute and chronic rotator cuff tears shows a good functional outcome, enabling most patients to regain a high level of rock climbing ability.
PARSIMONIOUS PARAMETERIZATION OF AGE-PERIOD-COHORT MODELS BY BAYESIAN SHRINKAGE
Authors: Venter Gary , Şahın Şule 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAge-period-cohort models used in life and general insurance can be over-parameterized, and actuaries have used several methods to avoid this, such as cubic splines. Regularization is a statistical approach for avoiding over-parameterization, and it can reduce estimation and predictive variances compared to MLE. In Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) estimation, regularization is accomplished by the use of mean-zero priors, and the degree of parsimony can be optimized by numerically efficient out-of-sample cross-validation. This provides a consistent framework for comparing a variety of regularized MCMC models, such as those built with cubic splines, linear splines (as ours is), and the limiting case of non-regularized estimation. We apply this to the multiple-trend model of Hunt and Blake (2014).
Pharmacists as Care Providers for Stroke Patients: A Systematic Review
Authors: Basaraba Jade E. , Picard Michelle , George-Phillips Kirsten , Mysak Tania 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackground:Pharmacists have become an integral member of the multidisciplinary team providing clinical patient care in various healthcare settings. Although evidence supporting their role in the care of patients with other disease states is well-established, minimal literature has been published evaluating pharmacist interventions in stroke patients. The purpose of this systematic review is to summarize the evidence evaluating the impact of pharmacist interventions on stroke patient outcomes.Methods: Study abstracts and full-text articles evaluating the impact of a pharmacist intervention on outcomes in patients with an acute stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA) or a history of an acute stroke/TIA were identified and a qualitative analysis performed.Results: A total of 20 abstracts and full-text studies were included. The included studies provided evidence supporting pharmacist interventions in multiple settings, including emergency departments, inpatient, outpatient, and community pharmacy settings. In a significant proportion of the studies, pharmacist care was collaborative with other healthcare professionals. Some of the pharmacist interventions included participation in a stroke response team, assessment for thrombolytic use, medication reconciliation, participation in patient rounds, identification and resolution of drug therapy problems, risk-factor reduction, and patient education. Pharmacist involvement was associated with increased use of evidence-based therapies, medication adherence, risk-factor target achievement, and maintenance of health-related quality of life.Conclusions: Available evidence suggests that a variety of pharmacist interventions can have a positive impact on stroke patient outcomes. Pharmacists should be considered an integral member of the stroke patient care team.
Implementation of a “Flipped Classroom” for Neurosurgery Resident Education
Authors: Girgis Fady , Miller Jonathan P. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIntroduction:Engaging residents across a multiyear training spectrum is challenging given the heterogeneity of experience and limited time available for educational activities. A “flipped classroom” model, in which residents prepare ahead of time for mentored topic discussions, has potential advantages.Methods:We implemented a curriculum consisting of topics distributed across the specialty. Weekly, each resident was randomly assigned to research a specific aspect of an assigned topic appropriate to his or her level of experience: junior residents aboutwhatcharacterizes each clinical entity, midlevel residents aboutwhento intervene, and chief residents abouthowto administer treatment. Residents completed an anonymous survey 6 months after implementation. Board examination performance was assessed before and after implementation.Results:A total of 12 residents participated in the program. Weekly, 1.75±0.40 hours were spent in preparation, with senior residents reporting less time than junior residents. All residents indicated that the accumulation of experience across 7 years of residency was a major advantage of this program, and all preferred it to lectures. Performance on the board examination significantly increased after implementation (from 316±36 to 468±45,p<0.05).Conclusions:The flipped classroom is a viable approach to resident education and is associated with increased engagement and improved performance using validated knowledge-assessment tools.
Mainstream Media and the F-Word: Documentary Coherence and the Exclusion of a Feminist Narrative in The Fifth Estate Coverage of the Ashley Smith Case
Authors: Crépault Charissa , Kilty Jennifer M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis article offers a narrative analysis of the two CBCFifth Estateinvestigative documentaries about Ashley Smith (“Behind the Wall,” 2010; “Out of Control,” 2010) and juxtaposes the documentary narratives against claims made by feminist criminologists with respect to women’s corrections. Examining the coherent ‘through narrative’ that is constructed in each documentary, we claim thatThe Fifth Estateuses dominant medicalized conceptualizations of mental illness and mental health treatment to frame the Smith case, leaving questions about the gendered nature of her criminalization, imprisonment and mistreatment unasked. Considering the socio-political context of neoliberal and post-feminist individualism, we argue thatThe Fifth Estatepresents the case in a way that maintains the status quo and may resonate with their national audience, but which also reinforces the pathologization of women prisoners and upholds gendered stereotypes.
Appreciating Ashley: Learning About and From the Life and Death of Ashley Smith through Feminist Pedagogy
Authors: Minaker Joanne 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Feminist scholars and advocates struggle with how to confront the over-criminalization of the most marginalized girls and women. One of the most troubling illustrations of gross injustice is what happened to Ashley Smith. The anniversary of Ashley Smith’s death is a catalyst for amplifying feminist voices. In this paper, I use the Ashley Smith case as a way to frame how I teach critical social justice issues concerning the criminalization of girls and women. My aim is to encourage critical conversations about pedagogy in feminist criminology and socio-legal studies aimed at ameliorative change. With the discipline of Criminology’s systematic failure to understand the unique problems and shared circumstances of girls’ and women’s lives, feminist professors’ teaching, which offers a lens for our students that underscores young women’s constrained choices and the socio/political/cultural context in which their lives and behaviours are embedded, opens up possibilities for transformation.
Direct numerical simulation of a self-similar adverse pressure gradient turbulent boundary layer at the verge of separation
Authors: Kitsios V. , Sekimoto A. , Atkinson C. , Sillero J. A. , Borrell G. , Gungor A. G. , Jiménez J. , Soria J. 
Published: September 2017

The statistical properties are presented for the direct numerical simulation of a self-similar adverse pressure gradient (APG) turbulent boundary layer (TBL) at the verge of separation. The APG TBL has a momentum thickness-based Reynolds number range from $Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}_{2}}=570$ to 13 800, with a self-similar region from $Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}_{2}}=10\,000$ to 12 300. Within this domain the average non-dimensional pressure gradient parameter $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}=39$, where for a unit density $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}=\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}_{1}P_{\!e}^{\prime }/\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}_{w}$, with $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}_{1}$ the displacement thickness, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}_{w}$ the mean shear stress at the wall and $P_{\!e}^{\prime }$ the far-field pressure gradient. This flow is compared with previous zero pressure gradient and mild APG TBL ($\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}=1$) results of similar Reynolds number. All flows are generated via the direct numerical simulation of a TBL on a flat surface with far-field boundary conditions tailored to apply the desired pressure gradient. The conditions for self-similarity, and the appropriate length and velocity scales, are derived. The mean and Reynolds stress profiles are shown to collapse when non-dimensionalised on the basis of these length and velocity scales. As the pressure gradient increases, the extent of the wake region in the mean streamwise velocity profiles increases, whilst the extent of the log-layer and viscous sublayer decreases. The Reynolds stress, production and dissipation profiles of the APG TBL cases exhibit a second outer peak, which becomes more pronounced and more spatially localised with increasing pressure gradient. This outer peak is located at the point of inflection of the mean velocity profiles, and is suggestive of the presence of a shear flow instability. The maximum streamwise velocity variance is located at a wall normal position of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}_{1}$ of spanwise wavelength of $2\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}_{1}$. In summary as the pressure gradient increases the flow has properties less like a zero pressure gradient TBL and more akin to a free shear layer.
Effects of Bubble Location on Pore Shape in Solid
Authors: Hsiao S. Y. , Wei P. S. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe shapes of a pore resulting from an entrapped bubble by a solidification front for different locations of the bubble below the free surface are predicted in this work. Bubble location is an important factor affecting temperature gradient in liquid, solute gas dissipated into the ambient, heterogeneous nucleation of the bubble and shape of the bubble cap, and subsequent entrapment and the pore shape in solid. The shapes of pores in solid influence not only material properties, but also contemporary issues of engineering, biology, medical technology and science, etc. This study takes into account solute transport across a coupling shape of the pore cap determined by the Young-Laplace equation governing balance of liquid, gas and capillary pressures. The results find that increases in depthwise location of a bubble increase pore radius and time for bubble entrapment as solute transport is from the pore across cap emerged through a concentration boundary layer along the solidification front into surrounding liquid in the early stage. On the other hand, the bubble cannot be entrapped, provided that solute transport in opposite directions across the cap submerged in a concentration boundary layer along the solidification front. The predicted growth and entrapment of a tiny bubble as a pore in solid agree with experimental data. Understanding and controlling of the pore shape via controlling bubble location is of interest and challenging.
FRAGILE ENVIRONMENT, SEASONALITY AND MATERNAL AND CHILDHOOD UNDERNUTRITION IN BANGLADESH
Authors: Mohsena Masuda , Hossain Mahabub , Chakraborty Barnali , Bayes Abdul , Rahman A. N. Mahfuzur 
Published: September 2017

SummaryThis study assessed whether agricultural and household incomes were the same across different agro-ecological environments in Bangladesh. An in-depth analysis of the effect of unfavourable ecologies on maternal and child malnutrition was carried out. Data were from a longitudinal data set comprising a nationally representative data sample collected in 2014 and the Food Security Nutrition Surveillance Project (FSNSP) conducted in 2011 and 2012. Anthropometric indices were used to assess the nutritional status of mothers and under-five children. The key variables of interest were food seasonality and geographical location. Data were analysed using the General Linear Model and multinomial and binary logistic regression analysis. Panel data analysis showed that household income was not equal across agro-ecological zones, indicating that the fragility of the environment affects a household’s ability to access food, and thus the nutritional status of mothers and children. Coastal areas of Bangladesh were found to be less dependent on agriculture, particularly cultivation, which had diminished during last few decades.Per capitaincome has been increasing in coastal areas of Bangladesh, led by remittance (money sent home by migrant workers) growing at 8% per year against 6% in other areas. Regression analysis showed that a household in a coastal zone earned 19% less than one in more favourable zones. Although the income from farm practices was found to be lower in unfavourable areas, the deficiency was compensated by increased non-farm incomes. The results from the FSNSP data showed that overall the rates of stunting and wasting among under-five children were 37% and 11.7%, respectively, and nearly 28% of mothers suffered from undernutrition. A highly significant regional heterogeneity in undernutrition was found, with alarmingly high levels in the Haor Basin and coastal belt areas. There were significantly higher rates of underweight and wasting in the monsoon season compared with the two harvest seasons among children under the age of five. The findings stress the importance of bringing geographical location and seasonality thinking into debates on hunger and nutrition in Bangladesh.
Conservation of chimpanzeesPan troglodytes verusand other primates depends on forest patches in a West African savannah landscape
Authors: Binczik Anna , Roig-Boixeda Paula , Heymann Eckhard W. , Waltert Matthias 
Published: September 2017

AbstractHabitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and human–wildlife conflict threaten the survival of primates across Africa. Particularly dramatic forest losses have occurred outside protected areas in the Guinean forest–savannah transition zone. Using the Boé region, Guinea-Bissau, as a case study, we investigated whether and how this rapidly humanized mosaic of wooded savannah, gallery forests and cropland could sustain viable primate populations. We conducted line transect surveys and reconnaissance (recce) walks to assess populations of one Critically Endangered (chimpanzeePan troglodytes verus), one Endangered (Temminck's red colobusPiliocolobus badius temminckii), one Vulnerable (king colobusColobus polykomos), and one Near Threatened (sooty mangabeyCercocebus atys) arboreal primates across a 104 km2section of Boé in the dry season of 2016. Using the standing crop nest count method we estimated a relatively high chimpanzee density (0.77 individuals per km2, 95% CI 0.45–1.34). An assessment of habitat selection showed that chimpanzees prefer semi-dense forest and fallow fields with remnant old trees for nesting, and locations close to rivers. The other primates studied occurred in extremely low densities and were largely restricted to gallery forests. Our results indicate a need for immediate action to ensure the long-term survival of the primate community in the human-dominated landscape of Boé. Our recommendations include action to maintain hunting pressure at a low level, restoring and protecting gallery forests, introducing incentives for farmers for forest protection and primate-friendly practices, and extending the conservation programme to all arboreal primates in the region.
Comorbidity of autoimmune thyroid disorders and psychiatric disorders during the postpartum period: a Danish nationwide register-based cohort study
Authors: Bergink V. , Pop V. J. M. , Nielsen P. R. , Agerbo E. , Munk-Olsen T. , Liu X. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe postpartum period is well-known risk period for the first onset of autoimmune thyroid disorders (AITDs) as well as first onset of psychiatric disorders. These two disorders are some of the most prevalent medical conditions postpartum, often misdiagnosed and disabling if left untreated. Our study was designed to explore the possible bidirectional association between AITDs and psychiatric disorders during the postpartum period.MethodsA population-based cohort study through linkage of Danish national registers, which comprised 312 779 women who gave birth to their first child during 1997–2010. We conducted Poisson regression analysis to estimate the incidence rate ratio (IRR) of psychiatric disorders among women with first-onset AITDs, the IRR of AITDs among women with first-onset psychiatric disorders as well as the overlap between these disorders using a comorbidity index.ResultsWomen with first-onset AITDs postpartum were more likely to have first-onset psychiatric disorders than women who did not have postpartum AITDs (IRR = 1.88, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.25–2.81). Women with first-onset postpartum psychiatric disorders had a higher risk of AITDs than women with no psychiatric disorders (IRR = 2.16, 95% CI: 1.45–3.20). The comorbidity index 2 years after delivery was 2.26 (95% CI: 1.61–2.90), indicating a comorbidity between first-onset AITDs and psychiatric disorders.ConclusionsFirst-onset AITDs and psychiatric disorders co-occur in the postpartum period, which has relevance to further studies on the etiologies of these disorders and why childbirth in particular triggers the onset.
The semantic network, lexical access, and reading comprehension in monolingual and bilingual children: An individual differences study
Authors: SPÄTGENS TESSA , SCHOONEN ROB 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTUsing a semantic priming experiment, the influence of lexical access and knowledge of semantic relations on reading comprehension was studied in Dutch monolingual and bilingual minority children. Both context-independent semantic relations in the form of category coordinates and context-dependent semantic relations involving concepts that co-occur in certain contexts were tested in an auditory animacy decision task, along with lexical access. Reading comprehension and the control variables vocabulary size, decoding skill, and mental processing speed were tested by means of standardized tasks. Mixed-effects modeling was used to obtain individual priming scores and to study the effect of individual differences in the various predictor variables on the reading scores. Semantic priming was observed for the coordinate pairs but not the context-dependently related pairs, and neither context-independent priming nor lexical access predicted reading comprehension. Only vocabulary size significantly contributed to the reading scores, emphasizing the importance of the number of words known for reading comprehension. Finally, the results show that the monolingual and bilingual children perform similarly on all measures, suggesting that in the current Dutch context, language status may not be highly predictive of vocabulary knowledge and reading comprehension skill.