bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Surface and Bulk Water Ice on the Reactivity of a Water-forming Reaction
Authors: Lamberts Thanja , Kästner Johannes 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
On the surface of icy dust grains in the dense regions of the interstellar medium, a rich chemistry can take place. Due to the low temperature, reactions that proceed via a barrier can only take place through tunneling. The reaction

H
+

H

2

O

2

⟶

H

2

O
+
OH

is such a case with a gas-phase barrier of ∼26.5 kJ mol−1. Still, the reaction is known to be involved in water formation on interstellar grains. Here, we investigate the influence of a water ice surface and of bulk ice on the reaction rate constant. Rate constants are calculated using instanton theory down to 74 K. The ice is taken into account via multiscale modeling, describing the reactants and the direct surrounding at the quantum mechanical level with density functional theory (DFT), while the rest of the ice is modeled on the molecular mechanical level with a force field. We find that H2O2 binding energies cannot be captured by a single value, but rather they depend on the number of hydrogen bonds with surface molecules. In highly amorphous surroundings, the binding site can block the routes of attack and impede the reaction. Furthermore, the activation energies do not correlate with the binding energies of the same sites. The unimolecular rate constants related to the Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanism increase as the activation energy decreases. Thus, we provide a lower limit for the rate constant and argue that rate constants can have values up to two order of magnitude larger than this limit.
A New, Large-scale Map of Interstellar Reddening Derived from H i Emission
Authors: Lenz Daniel , Hensley Brandon S. , Doré Olivier 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
We present a new map of interstellar reddening, covering the 39% of the sky with low H i column densities (

N

H

I

<
4
×

10

20

cm−2 or

E
(
B
−
V
)
≈
45

mmag) at

16
.′
1

resolution, based on all-sky observations of Galactic H i emission by the HI4PI Survey. In this low-column-density regime, we derive a characteristic value of

N

H

I

/

E
(
B
−
V
)
=
8.8

×

10

21

cm

2

mag

−
1

for gas with

∣

v

LSR

∣
<
90

km s−1 and find no significant reddening associated with gas at higher velocities. We compare our H i-based reddening map with the Schlegel et al. (SFD) reddening map and find them consistent to within a scatter of

≃
5

mmag. Further, the differences between our map and the SFD map are in excellent agreement with the low-resolution (

4
.°
5

) corrections to the SFD map derived by Peek and Graves based on observed reddening toward passive galaxies. We therefore argue that our H i-based map provides the most accurate interstellar reddening estimates in the low-column-density regime to date. Our reddening map is made publicly available at doi.org/10.7910/DVN/AFJNWJ.
On the Origin of Dynamically Isolated Hot Earths
Authors: Königl Arieh , Giacalone Steven , Matsakos Titos 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
A distinct population of planetary systems that contain dynamically isolated, Earth-size planets with orbital periods

day was recently identified in an analysis of data from the Kepler planet candidate catalog. We argue that these objects could represent the remnant rocky cores of giant planets that arrived at the stellar vicinity on high-eccentricity orbits and were rapidly stripped of their gaseous envelopes after crossing their respective Roche limits (RLs)

. In this picture, objects with

day are mostly “early” cores that originated in planets with an initial periastron distance

they had high initial eccentricities but their orbits underwent fast tidal circularization after the cores were exposed. Objects with

day are, by contrast, mostly “late” cores that originated in planets with

these planets underwent orbital circularization to a radius

but eventually reached

through tidal orbital decay. This picture naturally accounts for the spatial distribution of hot Earths and for the similarity of their inferred occurrence rate to that of hot Jupiters, and it fits well with the interpretation of the so-called sub-Jovian desert in the orbital-period–planetary-mass plane in terms of high-eccentricity planet migration to the vicinity of the RL.
Spin–Orbit Misalignment of Merging Black Hole Binaries with Tertiary Companions
Authors: Liu Bin , Lai Dong 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
We study the effect of an external companion on the orbital and spin evolution of merging black hole (BH) binaries. A sufficiently nearby and inclined companion can excite Lidov–Kozai (LK) eccentricity oscillations in the binary, thereby shortening its merger time. During such LK-enhanced orbital decay, the spin axis of the BH generally exhibits chaotic evolution, leading to a wide range (0°–180°) of the final spin–orbit misalignment angle from an initially aligned configuration. For systems that do not experience eccentricity excitation, only modest (

) spin–orbit misalignment can be produced, and we derive an analytic expression for the final misalignment using the principle of adiabatic invariance. The spin–orbit misalignment directly impacts the gravitational waveform and can be used to constrain the formation scenarios of BH binaries and dynamical influences of external companions.
Le coaching sportif, une notion centrale pour les sciences du sport ? Enquête culturelle comparée et différenciée sur son cheminement et son utilisation actuelle et future
Authors: Loudcher Jean-François 
Published: August 2017

Le terme et la notion de coaching sont récents dans le champ du sport en France. Si le premier apparaît au cours du XIX e siècle dans le sens de la conduite d’un attelage de chevaux, la seconde se déploie dans les années 1950-1960 sous une forme fortement influencée par la culture américaine. Pour autant, cette réception de la notion de coaching sportif a largement été déterminée par le contexte historique hexagonal. Notamment, son développement a été limité par la hiérarchisation et la spécialisation de la formation en éducation physique et sportive officielle qui se sont mises en place dans l’entre-deux-guerres. Ainsi, la comparaison, dans un premier temps, de la représentation du coaching et du coach en Angleterre et en France nous amène à nous interroger sur la nature de cette formation. Elle nous permet, dans un deuxième temps, d’en préciser une modélisation en termes de savoirs, savoir-faire et démarches. À la suite, trois formes de coaching (fonctionnement, formation, transformation) sont identifiées. Mais, traversant des champs différents (management, sciences de l’éducation, entraînement), leur analyse conduit à repérer, en dernière partie, certaines difficultés épistémologiques à résoudre pour, à terme, envisager un éventuel cadrage théorique. Ce projet tentant de lier, d’une part, action sur le terrain et, d’autre part, interactions entre athlète(s) et intervenant(s), à partir de concepts et démarches multiréférencés dans une perspective historique et culturelle, n’est-il pas, finalement, comparable à celui devant être mené dans les sciences du sport ?
Les « écuries d’entraînement humain » de l’Amérique victorienne : différences culturelles dans le coaching sportif
Authors: Day Dave 
Published: August 2017

Dans la dernière période du XIX e siècle menant au XX e siècle, la trajectoire des sports organisés a suivi des chemins significativement différents en Amérique du Nord, en Europe et en Grande-Bretagne. Il est devenu évident que le champ du coaching professionnel, largement dominé par le modèle d’un coach à plein temps dans les universités et les clubs de sport, contraste largement avec la préférence envers les coachs amateurs dans beaucoup de sports anglais. Alors que le modèle américain était largement adopté avec enthousiasme à travers les pays européens, spécialement dans les années accompagnant le développement des JO, il y a eu de considérables résistances à cette approche outre-Manche, même après la débâcle de Stockholm, un événement qui a mis en évidence le rapide déclin des élites sportives anglaises, hommes et femmes, dans les compétitions internationales. Ce travail souligne les caractéristiques différentes de pratiques et de philosophies en coaching entre l’approche anglaise et américaine avant et après la Première Guerre mondiale. Il explore aussi quelques éléments avancés en Angleterre pour expliquer les difficultés à adopter les méthodes de coaching américaines spécialisées et, notamment, le fait qu’ils reflètent une plus large résistance culturelle à la notion d’« américanisation ». Le texte souligne aussi la réception enthousiaste qu’ont pu s’offrir quelques coachs américains en Europe et comment leur impact sur les performances sportives internationales, spécialement lors des méga-événements tels les JO, est devenu un surprenant étalon pour mesurer la suprématie nationale.
« Entraîner, éduquer, coacher » : l’avènement du coaching en France (1940-1960)
Authors: Vaucelle Serge 
Published: August 2017

La période de l’entre-deux-guerres est marquée en France par le lent développement de pratiques empiriques dans l’entraînement sportif, même si les institutions éducatives valorisent la formalisation des procédés tout en continuant de réserver la compétition aux seuls élèves des classes supérieures. La polyvalence sportive est alors encouragée, les activités physiques intenses sont souvent critiquées, progressivement étudiées par les médecins, tandis qu’un contrôle médico-sportif se développe. Pourtant, une « pédagogie sportive » est en train d’émerger au sein des institutions nationales en charge de théoriser l’Éducation Physique (Institut national des sports, Écoles normales supérieures, Instituts médicaux…). Au cours de ces années, des théories sur « l’entraînement spécialisé » sont élaborées : une « Doctrine d’éducation sportive » se diffuse (Baquet, 1942 ; INS, 1946). Elle marquera les différentes fédérations et l’ensemble du champ sportif français jusque dans les années 1970. Ce courant tente de rassembler des attentions très disparates, en faisant cohabiter diverses thématiques : celles de l’enseignement ( Teaching ), de l’apprentissage ( Learning ) et de l’entraînement ( Training ). Cependant, des vigilances liées à l’accompagnement du pratiquant ( Coaching ) apparaissent parfois, même si la notion n’est jamais affichée. L’étude des publications théoriques (articles de revues techniques et pédagogiques) éditées dans les années 1940-1950 permet de retracer l’avènement de cette dimension particulière de l’entraînement sportif – le Coaching .
Rib head dislocation causing spinal canal stenosis in a child with neurofibromatosis, type 1
Authors: Chen Alan Ming-Fong , Neustadt Jeffrey , Kucera Jennifer 
Published: August 2017

A 10-year-old female with neurofibromatosis type 1 and severe dystrophic scoliosis presented with a two-month history of difficulty ambulating due to low back pain. The patient did not have any neurological symptoms. MRI of the thoracolumbar spine demonstrated subluxation of the right posterior tenth and eleventh ribs through their respective neural foramina, with mild mass effect on the thecal sac without abnormal cord signal or cord compression. Groups of neurofibromas were present along the right ribs and paravertebral soft tissues around these levels. CT evaluation was completed for greater osseous definition. Cases of rib head dislocation into the central canal in the setting of dystrophic scoliosis were documented in only a limited sample of case reports. The angulated short-segment curvature in dystrophic scoliosis causes vertebral body rotation, foraminal enlargement, spindling of transverse processes, and penciling of the apical ribs. These changes can alter the articulation of the rib along the transverse process. The enlarged foramina can also create a larger space into which a rib may displace. As a result, in most reported cases, the subluxed ribs were on the convex apex of the curve in the mid-to-lower thoracic region. The risk of cord injury from rib head dislocation makes the complete depiction of the anatomy essential for proper surgical management.
Area Integral Means of Analytic Functions in the Unit Disk
Authors: Cui Xiaohui , Wang Chunjie , Zhu Kehe 
Published: August 2017

AbstractFor an analytic function ऒ on the unit disk , we show that the L2 integral mean of ऒ on c < |z| < r with respect to the weighted area measure (1 − |z|2)αd A(z) is a logarithmically convex function of r on (c, 1), where −3 ≤ ∞ ≤ 0 and c ∈ [0, 1). Moreover, the range [−3, 0] for ∞ is best possible. When c = 0, our arguments here also simplify the proof for several results we obtained in earlier papers.
Centennial to millennial climate variability in the far northwestern Pacific (off Kamchatka) and its linkage to the East Asian monsoon and North Atlantic from the Last Glacial Maximum to the early Holocene
Authors: Gorbarenko Sergey A. , Shi Xuefa , Malakhova Galina Yu. , Bosin Aleksandr A. , Zou Jianjun , Liu Yanguang , Chen Min-Te 
Published: August 2017

Abstract. High-resolution reconstructions based on productivity proxies and magnetic properties of core LV63-41-2 (off Kamchatka) reveal prevailing centennial productivity/climate variability in the northwestern (NW) Pacific from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) to the early Holocene (EH). The age model of the core is established by AMS 14C dating and by projections of AMS 14C data of the nearby core SO-201-12KL through correlation of the productivity proxies and relative paleomagnetic intensity. The resulting sequence of centennial productivity increases/climate warming events in the NW Pacific occurred synchronously with the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) sub-interstadials during the LGM (four events), Heinrich Event 1 (HE1) (four events), Bølling–Allerød (B/A) warming (four events), and over the EH (four events). Remarkable similarity of the sequence of the NW Pacific increased-productivity events with the EASM sub-interstadials over the LGM-HE1 implies that the Siberian High is a strong and common driver. The comparison with the δ18O record from Antarctica suggests that another mechanism associated with the temperature gradient in the Southern Hemisphere may also be responsible for the EASM/NW Pacific centennial events over the LGM-HE1. During the B/A warming and resumption of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), clear synchronicity between the NW Pacific, EASM and Greenland sub-interstadials was mainly controlled by changes in the atmospheric circulation. During the EH the linkages between solar forcing, ocean circulation, and climate changes likely control the synchronicity of abrupt climate changes in the NW Pacific and North Atlantic. The sequence of centennial events recorded in this study is a persistent regional feature during the LGM-EH, which may serve as a template in high-resolution paleoceanography and sediment stratigraphy in the NW Pacific.
Foot Problems in Older Adults
Authors: Muchna Amy , Najafi Bijan , Wendel Christopher S. , Schwenk Michael , Armstrong David G. , Mohler Jane 
Published: August 2017

Background:Research on foot problems and frailty is sparse and could advance using wearable sensor–based measures of gait, balance, and physical activity (PA). This study examined the effect of foot problems on the likelihood of falls, frailty syndrome, motor performance, and PA in community-dwelling older adults.Methods:Arizona Frailty Cohort Study participants (community-dwelling adults aged ≥65 years without baseline cognitive deficit, severe movement disorders, or recent stroke) underwent Fried frailty and foot assessment. Gait, balance (bipedal eyes open and eyes closed), and spontaneous PA over 48 hours were measured using validated wearable sensor technologies.Results:Of 117 participants, 41 (35%) were nonfrail, 56 (48%) prefrail, and 20 (17%) frail. Prevalence of foot problems (pain, peripheral neuropathy, or deformity) increased significantly as frailty category worsened (any problem: 63% in nonfrail, 80% in prefrail [odds ratio (OR) = 2.0], and 95% in frail [OR = 8.3]; P = .03 for trend) due to associations between foot problems and both weakness and exhaustion. Foot problems were associated with fear of falling but not with fall history or incident falls over 6 months. Foot pain and peripheral neuropathy were associated with lower gait speed and stride length; increased double support time; increased mediolateral sway of center of mass during walking, age adjusted; decreased eyes open sway of center of mass and ankle during quiet standing, age adjusted; and lower percentage walking, percentage standing, and total steps per day.Conclusions:Foot problems were associated with frailty level and decreased motor performance and PA. Wearable technology is a practical way to screen for deterioration in gait, balance, and PA that may be associated with foot problems. Routine assessment and management of foot problems could promote earlier intervention to retain motor performance and manage fear of falling in older adults, which may ultimately improve healthy aging and reduce risk of frailty.
Influence of oriented β‐lamellae on deformation and pore formation in β‐nucleated polypropylene
Authors: Ding Lei , Ge Qian , Xu Guan , Wu Tong , Yang Feng , Xiang Ming 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTFour β‐nucleated polypropylene samples with increasing die draw ratio (DDR) were prepared to modify lamellae arrangement. The DSC, SEM, and 2D‐XRD results show that all four cast films had similar crystallinity, high contents of β‐crystal but lowering stability of β‐lamellae with ascending DDR. Meanwhile, the anisotropy of β‐lamellae distribution strengthens gently and the stacked lamellae structure perpendicular to the machine direction (MD) predominates dramatically. Tensile testing at 25 °C and 90 °C were conducted along MD and transverse direction (TD), respectively. The markedly expanding difference of deformation indicates the anisotropy highlighted significantly. Additionally, when the samples stretched along MD, a more homogeneous deformation occurs with ascending anisotropy, which is completely opposite to the β‐lamellae stability. But samples deformed more heterogeneous when stretched along TD. The characterization of morphological evolutions during stretching shows that the stacked lamellae debonds uniformly and abundant microvoids formed when the sample stretched along MD with higher anisotropy, resulting in evenly dispersion of stress, consequently making a more uniform distribution of defects and a better isotropic deformation. Moreover, the microfibrils and defects distributed uniformly within higher orientation sample after longitudinal stretching stretched along MD, leading to the dramatic improvement of pore size distribution of the membrane after biaxial stretching. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2017, 55, 1745–1759
Introduction: Why Examine Rising Powers’ Role in Peacebuilding?
Authors: de Coning Cedric , Call Charles T. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Over the last decade, setbacks in places like Burundi, Libya, South Sudan, and Yemen have undercut the credibility that peacebuilding enjoyed in the international system. These failures have combined with a push from rising powers against Western dominance to produce a turn to the Global South for more legitimate and effective responses to mass organized violence in the world. Onto this stage new actors like the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) and other regional powers in the Global South, like Indonesia and Turkey, have emerged as new “donors” that advance their own political and technical approaches to peacebuilding. These rising powers seek to influence how the United Nations, other multilateral organizations, traditional donors, and recipient countries view and do peacebuilding. Their entry may fundamentally alter peacebuilding a decade from now. This book seeks to answer the following central questions: What exactly is new and innovative about the peacebuilding approaches of rising powers from the Global South, and what are the implications of these new approaches? The introductory chapter explains why this study is important, identifies several key research questions, and outlines the method and structure of the volume.
Offering Support and Sharing Experiences: Indonesia’s Approach to Peacebuilding
Authors: Alexandra Lina A. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
While the term peacebuilding receives considerably less attention than peacekeeping in the Indonesian context, in practice the country has undertaken significant activities aimed at conflict prevention and conflict management in the region. Indonesia’s experiences during its own difficult transition produced lessons that may prove valuable for others facing similar challenges. This chapter explores how peacebuilding is understood in Indonesia: its principles/philosophies, its motivating factors, and debates about it. It describes peacebuilding activities and how their results have been measured. The Indonesian approach to peacebuilding is distinct in two ways. First, it emphasizes persuasion rather than pressure to assist host countries to think of ways to create peace in their respective countries. Second, Indonesia emphasizes the concept of ‘sharing’ experiences. Indonesia tends to apply a two-way approach in which it shares its own experiences, but also learns from the host country and works to understand the local context while seeking the local ‘modalities’ to be utilized in order to start the peacebuilding process. Indonesia does not advocate a ‘one-size-fits-all’ peacebuilding policy since each country has its own unique challenges and context. Respect for these conditions is considered key to successful peacebuilding.
Peacebuilding Through Development Partnership: An Indian Perspective
Authors: Singh P. K. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
India has a legacy of international peacekeeping and peacebuilding dating back to the 1950s. This chapter places India’s peacebuilding role in that context and examines the principles and practice of India to the present. India’s contribution towards building the infrastructure for peace and stability in developing countries precedes the concept of peacebuilding as enunciated by the United Nations. India has clearly articulated its position on issues pertaining to local ownership, inclusiveness and relevance. It has insisted that development assistance be given without conditions and should not impinge on the sovereignty of its partners. These principles have stood India in good stead.
Breaking with Convention: Turkey’s New Approach to Peacebuilding
Authors: Sazak Onur , Woods Auveen Elizabeth 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
In recent years, Turkey has emerged as a dynamic and engaging new peacebuilding actor, combining the priorities characteristic of other rising powers and traditional donors. Turkey’s twofold approach to peacebuilding encompasses statebuilding support and peacemaking within societies. Infrastructure projects and technical assistance are accompanied by culturally sensitive engagement through education programs and religious projects. Like other rising powers, economic incentives such as trade are a central aspect of this engagement. Turkey’s emergence reflects its economic development, a realignment of foreign policy priorities and international shifts in power. However, its approach to peacebuilding in conflict-affected countries is very much informed by the country’s long history of insecurity. This chapter examines the emergence of Turkey’s peacebuilding agenda, the principles, policies and activities that underpin it, and the internal dynamics that may hinder future initiatives.