bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intravenous Glucose Acutely Stimulates Intestinal Lipoprotein Secretion in Healthy Humans
Authors: Xiao Changting , Dash Satya , Morgantini Cecilia , Lewis Gary F. 
Published: May 2016

Objective—
Increased production of intestinal triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) contributes to dyslipidemia and increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. We have previously demonstrated that enteral glucose enhances lipid-stimulated intestinal lipoprotein particle secretion. Here, we assessed whether glucose delivered systemically by intravenous infusion also enhances intestinal lipoprotein particle secretion in humans.

Approach and Results—

On 2 occasions, 4 to 6 weeks apart and in random order, 10 healthy men received a constant 15-hour intravenous infusion of either 20% glucose to induce hyperglycemia or normal saline as control. Production of TRL–apolipoprotein B48 (apoB48, primary outcomes) and apoB100 (secondary outcomes) was assessed during hourly liquid-mixed macronutrient formula ingestion with stable isotope enrichment and multicompartmental modeling, under pancreatic clamp conditions to limit perturbations in pancreatic hormones (insulin and glucagon) and growth hormone. Compared with saline infusion, glucose infusion induced both hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, increased plasma triglyceride levels, and increased TRL-apoB48 concentration and production rate (
P
<0.05), without affecting TRL-apoB48 fractional catabolic rate. No significant effect of hyperglycemia on TRL-apoB100 concentration and kinetic parameters was observed.

Conclusions—
Short-term intravenous infusion of glucose stimulates intestinal lipoprotein production. Hyperglycemia may contribute to intestinal lipoprotein overproduction in type 2 diabetes.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT02607839.
Revascularization in Patients With Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease and Severe Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction
Authors: Bangalore Sripal , Guo Yu , Samadashvili Zaza , Blecker Saul , Hannan Edward L. 
Published: May 2016

Background—
Guidelines recommend coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) over percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for multivessel disease and severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction. However, CABG has not been compared with PCI in such patients in randomized trials.

Methods and Results—

Patients with multivessel disease and severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction (ejection fraction ≤35%) who underwent either PCI with everolimus-eluting stent or CABG were selected from the New York State registries. The primary outcome was long-term all-cause death. Secondary outcomes were individual outcomes of myocardial infarction, stroke, and repeat revascularization. Among the 4616 patients who fulfilled our inclusion criteria (1351 everolimus-eluting stent and 3265 CABG), propensity score matching identified 2126 patients with similar propensity scores. In the short term, PCI was associated with a lower risk of stroke (hazard ratio [HR], 0.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.01–0.39;
P
=0.004) in comparison with CABG. At long-term follow-up (median, 2.9 years), PCI was associated with a similar risk of death (HR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.81–1.28;
P
=0.91), a higher risk of myocardial infarction (HR, 2.16; 95% CI, 1.42–3.28;
P
=0.0003), a lower risk of stroke (HR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.33–0.97;
P
=0.04), and a higher risk of repeat revascularization (HR, 2.54; 95% CI, 1.88–3.44;
P
<0.0001). The test for interaction was significant (
P
=0.002) for completeness of revascularization, such that, in patients in whom complete revascularization was achieved with PCI, there was no difference in myocardial infarction between PCI and CABG.

Conclusions—
Among patients with multivessel disease and severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction, PCI with everolimus-eluting stent had comparable long-term survival in comparison with CABG. PCI was associated with higher risk of myocardial infarction (in those with incomplete revascularization) and repeat revascularization, and CABG was associated with higher risk of stroke.
Heart Rate Variability and Incident Stroke
Authors: Fyfe-Johnson Amber L. , Muller Clemma J. , Alonso Alvaro , Folsom Aaron R. , Gottesman Rebecca F. , Rosamond Wayne D. , Whitsel Eric A. , Agarwal Sunil K. , MacLehose Richard F. 
Published: May 2016

Background and Purpose—
Low heart rate variability (HRV), a marker of cardiac autonomic dysfunction, has been associated with increased all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. We examined the association between reduced HRV and incident stroke in a community-based cohort.

Methods—

The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study measured HRV using 2-minute ECG readings in 12 550 middle-aged adults at baseline (1987–1989). HRV indices were calculated using the SD of RR intervals (SD
NN
), the mean of all normal RR intervals (mean
NN
), the root mean square of successive differences of successive RR intervals (RMSSD), low (LF) and high (HF) frequency power, and the LF/HF ratio. All HRV measures were categorized into quintiles. Incident stroke was adjudicated through 2011. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) with the lowest HRV quintile as the reference, with and without stratification by prevalent diabetes mellitus.

Results—

Over a median follow-up of 22 years, 816 (6.5%) participants experienced incident stroke. After covariate adjustment, there was no strong evidence of association between HRV and stroke risk. In stratified analyses, the lowest HRV quintile was associated with higher stroke risk compared with the highest quintile for SD
NN
(HR, 2.0, 95% confidence interval, 1.1–4.0), RMSSD (HR, 1.7; 95% confidence interval, 0.9–3.2), LF (HR, 1.5; 95% confidence interval, 0.8–3.0), and HF (HR, 1.7; 95% confidence interval, 0.9–3.0) only among people with diabetes mellitus.

Conclusions—
Lower HRV was associated with higher risk of incident stroke among middle-aged adults with prevalent diabetes mellitus but not among people without diabetes mellitus.
Atrial Fibrillation Is Associated With a Worse 90-Day Outcome Than Other Cardioembolic Stroke Subtypes
Authors: Henninger Nils , Goddeau Richard P. , Karmarkar Ameeta , Helenius Johanna , McManus David D. 
Published: May 2016

Background and Purpose—
Patients with a cardioembolic stroke (CES) have worse outcomes than stroke patients with other causes of stroke. Among patients with CES, atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common comorbidity. Mounting data indicate that AF may be related to stroke pathogenesis beyond acute cerebral thromboembolism. We sought to determine whether AF represents an independent risk factor for stroke severity and outcome among patients with CES.

Methods—
We retrospectively analyzed patients with acute hemispheric CES included in an academic medical center’s stroke registry. CES was determined using the Causative Classification System of ischemic stroke. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine whether AF was associated with 90-day outcome functional status.

Results—

Our cohort included 140 patients. Of these, 52 had prevalent AF and 28 had incident AF diagnosed during their index hospitalization or within 90 days of hospital discharge. After adjustment for potential confounders or mediators, any AF (odds ratio, 2.51; 95% confidence interval, 1.03–6.33;
P
=0.049), infarct volume (odds ratio, 1.03; 95% confidence interval, 1.01–1.06;
P
=0.005), preadmission modified Rankin Scale score (odds ratio, 2.58; 95% confidence interval, 1.66–4.01;
P
<0.001), and admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (odds ratio, 1.17; 95% confidence interval, 1.08–1.28;
P
<0.001) remained associated with an unfavorable 90-day outcome (modified Rankin Scale score, 2–6).

Conclusions—
AF is associated with an unfavorable 90-day outcome among patients with a CES independent of established risk factors and initial stroke severity. This suggests that AF-specific mechanisms affect CES severity and functional status after CES. If confirmed in future studies, further investigation into the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms may provide novel avenues to AF detection and treatment.
The Politics of Strolling
Authors: Erber Pedro 
Published: May 2016

The large gatherings of youths from impoverished urban peripheries in the shopping malls of São Paulo and Rio, known as rolezinhos (little strolls), in the first two months of 2014 and their disputed relation to the wave of political protests in Brazilian cities since June 2013 became the topic of heated debates among intellectuals and journalists in Brazil. Historical parallels ranging from nineteenth-century Paris to colonial Korea help situate the rolezinho phenomenon in a transnational history of urban strolling and to problematize its ambiguous politicality between ostentatious consumerism and revolutionary practice. Durante os dois primeiros meses de 2014, jovens das periferias urbanas do Rio de Janeiro e de São Paulo formavam grandes aglomerações nos shopping centers daquelas cidades. Conhecidos como rolezinhos, esses grupos foram objeto de intenso debate entre jornalistas e intelectuais que estabeleceram uma relação entre o comportamento daqueles jovens e as manifestações de rua que varreram as cidades brasileiras desde junho de 2013. Paralelos históricos, da Paris novecentista à Coréia colonial, ajudam a situar o fenômeno do rolezinho na história transnacional do passeio. Demais, permite articular o problema da ambigüidade política entre o consumismo ostentatório e a prática revolucionária.
Perception of Risk for Developing Diabetes Among Foreign-Born Spanish-Speaking US Latinos
Authors: Joiner Kevin L. , Sternberg Rosa Maria , Kennedy Christine M. , Fukuoka Yoshimi , Chen Jyu-Lin , Janson Susan L. 
Published: May 2016

Purpose The purpose of the study was to describe perception of risk for developing diabetes among foreign-born Spanish-speaking US Latinos. Methods Participants (N = 146), recruited at food-pantry distribution events and free clinics, were surveyed using the Risk Perception Survey for Developing Diabetes in Spanish. Type 2 diabetes risk factors measured included body mass index, physical activity, and A1C. Results Sample characteristics were mean (SD) age of 39.5 (9.9) years, 58% with less than a high school graduate-level education, and 65% with a family income less than $15,000/year. Prevalence of risk factors was 81% overweight or obese, 47% less than 150 minutes/week moderate/vigorous-intensity physical activity, and 12% A1C consistent with prediabetes. Of the 135 participants with complete data, 31% perceived a high/moderate risk for developing diabetes. In univariate logistic regression analyses, 9 of 18 potential variables were significant ( P < .05) predictors of perception of risk. When these 9 variables were entered into a multiple logistic regression model, 5 were significant predictors of perception of risk: history of gestational diabetes, high school graduate or above, optimistic bias, worry, and perceived personal disease risk. Conclusions Use of the Spanish-language translation of the Risk Perception Survey for Developing Diabetes revealed factors influencing perception of risk for developing diabetes. Results can be used to promote culturally acceptable type 2 diabetes primary prevention strategies and provide a useful comparison to other populations.
Suicide Mortality Among Retired National Football League Players Who Played 5 or More Seasons
Authors: Lehman Everett J. , Hein Misty J. , Gersic Christine M. 
Published: May 2016

Background: There is current disagreement in the scientific literature about the relationship between playing football and suicide risk, particularly among professional players in the National Football League (NFL). While some research indicates players are at high risk of football-related concussions, which may lead to chronic traumatic encephalopathy and suicide, other research finds such a connection to be speculative and unsupported by methodologically sound research. Purpose: To compare the suicide mortality of a cohort of NFL players to what would be expected in the general population of the United States. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A cohort of 3439 NFL players with at least 5 credited playing seasons between 1959 and 1988 was assembled for statistical analysis. The vital status for this cohort was updated through 2013. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs), the ratio of observed deaths to expected deaths, and 95% CIs were computed for the cohort; 95% CIs that excluded unity were considered statistically significant. For internal comparison purposes, standardized rate ratios were calculated to compare mortality results between players stratified into speed and nonspeed position types. Results: Suicide among this cohort of professional football players was significantly less than would be expected in comparison with the United States population (SMR = 0.47; 95% CI, 0.24-0.82). There were no significant differences in suicide mortality between speed and nonspeed position players. Conclusion: There is no indication of elevated suicide risk in this cohort of professional football players with 5 or more credited seasons of play. Because of the unique nature of this cohort, these study results may not be applicable to professional football players who played fewer than 5 years or to college or high school players.
Safety and Mortality Benefits of Delivering Vitamin A Supplementation at 6 Months of Age in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Kupka Roland , Nielsen Jennifer , Nyhus Dhillon Christina , Blankenship Jessica , Haskell Marjorie J. , Baker Shawn K. , Brown Kenneth H. 
Published: May 2016

Background: Vitamin A supplementation (VAS) among children 6 to 59 months of age reduces vitamin A deficiency (VAD)-related mortality. Child health days (CHDs) only reach an estimated 16.7% of children at exactly 6 months, leaving uncovered children at risk of VAD-related mortality; similarly, VAS provided at 9 months of age with measles-containing vaccine leaves infants unprotected for 3 months. Objective: Using data from sub-Saharan Africa, we estimated the mortality benefits and safety of providing VAS at age 6 months, compared to delivery through CHDs and at 9 months. Methods: We modeled VAS-preventable mortality benefits at 6 months as a function of published VAS effect sizes, intervention coverage, and proportion of infant deaths occurring between 6 and 11 months. To evaluate safety, we modeled the effect of different VAS coverage scenarios on maximum hepatic vitamin A concentrations (HVACs). Results: VAS linked to a 6-month visit could reduce infant mortality by an additional 1.95 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.38-2.52) and 1.63 (95% CI: 1.15-2.11) percentage points compared to VAS through CHDs and at 9 months, respectively. The HVAC models indicate that VAS at 6 months is safe even in the presence of a second VAS dose 1 month later and other food-based vitamin A control strategies. Conclusion: Advancing the first VAS dose to 6 months should be considered in settings where VAS is currently given first at 9 months. A 6-month VAS dose should also be considered in settings where VAS is delivered through CHDs. VAS delivery at 6 months could also serve as a platform to deliver other high-impact interventions.
A Qualitative Study of Factors Influencing Initiation and Adherence to Micronutrient Supplementation Among Women of Reproductive Age in Vietnam
Authors: Nechitilo Meredith , Nguyen Phuong , Webb-Girard Amy , Gonzalez-Casanova Ines , Martorell Reynaldo , DiGirolamo Ann , Ramakrishnan Usha 
Published: May 2016

Background and objectives: Initiation and adherence are both critical challenges for micronutrient supplementation programs, especially during the preconceptional period. This study examines factors influencing initiation of supplement use and continued adherence among women participating in PRECONCEPT, a double-blind randomized controlled trial of preconception micronutrient supplementation. Methods: In-depth interviews were conducted with 39 participants during different periods (prepregnancy [n = 15], pregnancy [n = 8], postpartum [n = 8], and dropouts [n = 8]). We examined participants’ knowledge about nutritional needs and micronutrient deficiencies, individual experience with nutritional supplements, and perceived benefits and side effects of supplements. Four focus groups were conducted with 24 village health workers (VHWs) to collect information on VHWs’ perceptions of factors influencing participants’ adherence and logistics of supplement distribution. Influences on initiation and adherence were examined within the Health Belief Model framework. Results: Primary barriers to initiation of supplement use were low perceptions of severity of nutrient deficiencies and personal susceptibility. These are associated with low knowledge and awareness around deficiencies. Perceived seriousness and susceptibility varied by nutrient: high for iron during pregnancy but low for all other micronutrient deficiencies, including iron outside pregnancy. Continued maintained adherence to an initiated regimen was influenced by the woman’s perceptions of the health benefits of, and barriers to, regular supplement use. Conclusion: Initiation of supplement use was influenced by perceived susceptibility and severity of nutrient deficiencies, while maintained adherence to consistent use was influenced by perceived benefits and barriers. Recognizing the influences on each stage may help improve adherence and maximize positive effects of future interventions.
From the Classroom to Facebook
Authors: Kousoulis Antonis A. , Kympouropoulos Stylianos P. , Pouli Dimitra K. , Economopoulos Konstantinos P. , Vardavas Constantine I. 
Published: May 2016

Purpose: The explosive rise in Internet use calls for effective ways to utilize new forms of social media to enhance school smoking prevention programs. We attempted to design and test an educational intervention for youth tobacco prevention. Design: Intervention design and posttest pilot implementation. Setting: A single high school in Athens, Greece. Subjects: Two hundred twenty-five students (aged 15–18 years). Intervention: A Facebook-integrated educational intervention in six simple steps was designed and tested during an ad hoc smoking prevention lecture to high school students in Greece in order to stimulate social mobilization in online networks. Measures: Number of students with an active Facebook account, percentage posting antismoking messages within a 72-hour period, number of Facebook friends reached. Analysis: Descriptive statistics. Results: Assessed 3 days after the lecture, 15.9% of students had posted a smoking-related sentence in their Facebook account, a take-home message that was spread as a note on their wall via news feed to their 20,095 cumulative Facebook friends. Conclusion: One smoking-related take-home message can spread virally to a large number of adolescents through their Facebook friends. This intervention provides insight into a novel way of providing health information to youth, a hard-to-reach and vulnerable population.
The Great EU Debt Write-Off
Authors: Evans Anthony J. , Tse Terence , Baker Jeremy 
Published: May 2016

Background. When one economic entity is both a creditor and debtor to another economic entity, a somewhat obvious and simple resolution is to cross-cancel their debts. Aim. To give students experience of researching important data and to conduct a policy-relevant negotiation exercise. Method. We created a classroom simulation in which students were required to research the debt positions of eight EU countries (Portugal, Ireland, Italy, Greece, Spain, Britain, France, and Germany) and then conduct a negotiation exercise with the goal of reducing the total debt burdens of the countries to which they were assigned. Results. Students discovered that a large amount of the EU debt burden can be written off by cross cancelling interlinked debt. Conclusion. As students were the focus of the exercise, their engagement and learning outcomes were high. The result is a platform to understand and discuss EU policy decisions and the wider implications of the debt crisis.
Pathophysiological significance and therapeutic targeting of germinal center kinase in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Matthews Julie Marie , Bhatt Shruti , Patricelli Matthew P. , Nomanbhoy Tyzoon K. , Jiang Xiaoyu , Natkunam Yasodha , Gentles Andrew J. , Martinez Ezequiel , Zhu Daxing , Chapman Jennifer Rose , Cortizas Elena , Shyam Ragini , Chinichian Shideh , Advani Ranjana , Tan Li , Zhang Jianming , Choi Hwan Geun , Tibshirani Robert , Buhrlage Sara J. , Gratzinger Dita , Verdun Ramiro , Gray Nathanael S. , Lossos Izidore S. 
Published: May 2016

Key Points
GCK signaling is activated in DLBCL, and this signaling is important to DLBCL proliferation and survival. Therapeutic targeting of GCK is feasible and may advance efforts to cure DLBCL patients.
Parallel computation of genome-scale RNA secondary structure to detect structural constraints on human genome
Authors: Kawaguchi Risa , Kiryu Hisanori 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Background
RNA secondary structure around splice sites is known to assist normal splicing by promoting spliceosome recognition. However, analyzing the structural properties of entire intronic regions or pre-mRNA sequences has been difficult hitherto, owing to serious experimental and computational limitations, such as low read coverage and numerical problems.

Results
Our novel software, “ParasoR”, is designed to run on a computer cluster and enables the exact computation of various structural features of long RNA sequences under the constraint of maximal base-pairing distance. ParasoR divides dynamic programming (DP) matrices into smaller pieces, such that each piece can be computed by a separate computer node without losing the connectivity information between the pieces. ParasoR directly computes the ratios of DP variables to avoid the reduction of numerical precision caused by the cancellation of a large number of Boltzmann factors. The structural preferences of mRNAs computed by ParasoR shows a high concordance with those determined by high-throughput sequencing analyses.
Using ParasoR, we investigated the global structural preferences of transcribed regions in the human genome. A genome-wide folding simulation indicated that transcribed regions are significantly more structural than intergenic regions after removing repeat sequences and k-mer frequency bias. In particular, we observed a highly significant preference for base pairing over entire intronic regions as compared to their antisense sequences, as well as to intergenic regions. A comparison between pre-mRNAs and mRNAs showed that coding regions become more accessible after splicing, indicating constraints for translational efficiency. Such changes are correlated with gene expression levels, as well as GC content, and are enriched among genes associated with cytoskeleton and kinase functions.

Conclusions
We have shown that ParasoR is very useful for analyzing the structural properties of long RNA sequences such as mRNAs, pre-mRNAs, and long non-coding RNAs whose lengths can be more than a million bases in the human genome. In our analyses, transcribed regions including introns are indicated to be subject to various types of structural constraints that cannot be explained from simple sequence composition biases. ParasoR is freely available at https://github.com/carushi/ParasoR.