bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sculpting the good surgeon or excising the bad one: How clinical teachers could perpetuate attrition in surgical residency programmes
Authors: Rada‐Estarita Arlen Astrid , Rincón‐Ortiz María Camila , Hernández‐Rodríguez Oscar Geovanny , Olmos‐Vega Francisco Manuel 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionAttrition in surgical residencies remains a significant issue, with traditional research focusing mainly on individual and programme factors. This study explores the role of clinical teachers (CTs) in influencing attrition rates. CTs are essential in moulding residents' training, serving both as enablers of workplace learning and guardians of their medical fields.MethodsWe employed a hermeneutic phenomenology framework to understand the sociocultural impacts on attrition. Data were collected through semi‐structured interviews involving 19 CTs, 3 residents who left the programme and 2 who underwent remediation, following a six‐step hermeneutic phenomenological analysis process.ResultsThe entrenched ‘good surgeon’ narrative within the department demanded selflessness and total dedication, which CTs reinforced, thereby normalising a rigorous and challenging environment. This has led to attrition when residents fail to meet these challenges or choose to disengage from the system. We illustrated that CTs were pivotal in perpetuating these expectations, contributing significantly to resident attrition.ConclusionsCTs played a crucial role in resident attrition by enforcing a stringent cultural norm within surgical training programmes. Addressing this issue requires a visible change in CTs' role to foster a more supportive educational environment. Emphasising the beneficial aspects of the ‘good surgeon’ narrative and mitigating its adverse impacts is essential for reducing attrition rates and assisting all residents, including those facing challenges, in successfully completing their training.
Bridge monitoring using mobile sensing data with traditional system identification techniques
Authors: Cronin Liam , Sen Debarshi , Marasco Giulia , Matarazzo Thomas , Pakzad Shamim 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMobile sensing has emerged as an economically viable alternative to spatially dense stationary sensor networks, leveraging crowdsourced data from today's widespread population of smartphones. Recently, field experiments have demonstrated that using asynchronous crowdsourced mobile sensing data, bridge modal frequencies, and absolute mode shapes (the absolute value of mode shapes, i.e., mode shapes without phase information) can be estimated. However, time‐synchronized data and improved system identification techniques are necessary to estimate frequencies, full mode shapes, and damping ratios within the same context. This paper presents a framework that uses only two time‐synchronous mobile sensors to estimate a spatially dense frequency response matrix. Subsequently, this matrix can be integrated into existing system identification methods and structural health monitoring platforms, including the natural excitation technique eigensystem realization algorithm and frequency domain decomposition. The methodology was tested numerically and using a lab‐scale experiment for long‐span bridges. In the lab‐scale experiment, synchronized smartphones atop carts traverse a model bridge. The resulting cross‐spectrum was analyzed with two system identification methods, and the efficacy of the proposed framework was demonstrated, yielding high accuracy (modal assurance criterion values above 0.94) for the first six modes, including both vertical and torsional. This novel framework combines the monitoring scalability of mobile sensing with user familiarity with traditional system identification techniques.
Characterization of thioredoxin–thioredoxin reductase system in Filifactor alocis
Authors: Mishra Arunima , Dou Yuetan , Fletcher Hansel M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionFilifactor alocis is a newly appreciated member of the periodontal community with a strong periodontal disease correlation. Little is known about the survival mechanisms by which F. alocis copes with oxidative stress and establishes the infection within the local inflammatory microenvironment of the periodontal pocket. The aim of this study is to investigate if F. alocis putative peroxiredoxin/AhpC protein FA768 may constitute an alkyl hydroperoxide reductase system utilizing putative thioredoxin reductase protein FA608, and putative thioredoxin/glutaredoxin homolog FA1411/FA455.MethodsFA768, FA608, FA1411 and FA455 proteins from F. alocis were expressed and purified from Escherichia coli. Insulin and 5,5‐dithio‐bis‐2‐nitrobenzoic acid (DTNB) reduction assays were performed to determine if purified FA1411 and FA455 proteins could be a substrate for FA608. The peroxidase activity of FA768 was examined by measuring its ability to reduce hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) with FA608 and FA1411/FA455 provided as the reducing systems. Further, the hydroperoxide substrate specificity of FA768 was analyzed by monitoring the NADPH oxidation in the presence of different peroxides, including H2O2, cumyl hydroperoxide (CHP), and tert‐butyl hydroperoxide (t‐BHP).ResultsIn this study, we have demonstrated the existence of a functioning thioredoxin‐dependent alkyl hydroperoxide system in F. alocis. This system is comprised of a thioredoxin reductase (FA608), a thioredoxin/glutaredoxin homolog (FA1411/FA455), and a typical 2‐cysteine peroxiredoxin/AhpC (FA768). FA608, together with FA1411/FA455, can function as a thioredoxin reductase system to reduce insulin, DTNB, and FA768. FA455 is a glutaredoxin‐like protein with thioredoxin functions in F. alocis. Both the FA768/FA608/FA1411 and FA768/FA608/FA455 reductase systems were NADPH‐dependent and exhibited specificity for broad hydroperoxide substrates H2O2, CHP, and t‐BHP.ConclusionsThis is the first study of a thioredoxin dependent alkyl hydroperoxide system from a periodontal pathogen. This system is proposed to protect F. alocis against oxidative stress due to the likely absence of a catalase or an additional peroxiredoxin homolog.
The Molecular Mechanism of Embryonic Development in Decapod Crustaceans
Authors: Farhadi Ardavan , Zhao Qun , Tan Karsoon 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIn recent decades, the decapod aquaculture industry has grown significantly in many parts of the world. Despite this progress, production levels still fall short of market demands, indicating a need for further efforts to increase the production. Investigations into the molecular mechanisms underlying embryonic development in decapods provide valuable insights into the complex embryonic development processes of this economically and ecologically important animal group. In this review, we explore the molecular mechanisms underlying decapod embryonic development, focusing on key genes, signaling pathways, and microRNAs (miRNAs) involved in the embryogenesis. Numerous genes have been identified that regulate various aspects of embryogenesis including egg activation, maternal‐to‐zygotic transition (MZT), mesoderm development, segmentation, nervous system development, sex determination, germline development, and exoskeleton formation. We also discuss the pivotal role of signaling pathways such as Hedgehog, Wnt, Notch, MAPK, TGF‐β, Jak‐STAT, VEGF, and Ecdysteroid in the regulation of embryogenesis. Additionally, this review identifies current research gaps in decapod embryogenesis and proposes directions for future investigation. This review is anticipated to be especially beneficial for researchers delving into the molecular mechanisms driving embryonic development in decapods.
The Effect of Probiotics and Prebiotics on Feed Intake in Cultured Fish
Authors: Guerreiro Inês , Oliva‐Teles Aires , Enes Paula 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTWith aquaculture intensification, improving feed intake in order to increase fish growth as well as to reduce production costs and environmental impacts assume a high importance. In this sense, probiotics and prebiotics' capacity to positively modulate animals' appetite is of high interest and has been the focus of several studies in mammals, while in fish these studies are scarce, and available information is dispersed. Probiotics and prebiotics' role in appetite regulation mechanisms can be mediated by short‐chain fatty acids produced by gut microbiota, or by several other microbial‐derived metabolites, proteins, and lipopolysaccharides. The possible way these molecules may affect fish appetite is the focus of this review, which also highlights novel research directions for better elucidation of the impact of probiotics and prebiotics in the regulation of fish appetite, contributing to the definition of better feeding strategies, that optimize feed utilization efficiency and fish growth, leading to a more sustainable aquaculture production.
Frontier AI developers need an internal audit function
Authors: Schuett Jonas 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis article argues that frontier artificial intelligence (AI) developers need an internal audit function. First, it describes the role of internal audit in corporate governance: internal audit evaluates the adequacy and effectiveness of a company's risk management, control, and governance processes. It is organizationally independent from senior management and reports directly to the board of directors, typically its audit committee. In the Institute of Internal Auditors' Three Lines Model, internal audit serves as the third line and is responsible for providing assurance to the board, whereas the combined assurance framework highlights the need to coordinate the activities of internal and external assurance providers. Next, the article provides an overview of key governance challenges in frontier AI development: Dangerous capabilities can arise unpredictably and undetected; it is difficult to prevent a deployed model from causing harm; frontier models can proliferate rapidly; it is inherently difficult to assess frontier AI risks; and frontier AI developers do not seem to follow best practices in risk governance. Finally, the article discusses how an internal audit function could address some of these challenges: Internal audit could identify ineffective risk management practices; it could ensure that the board of directors has a more accurate understanding of the current level of risk and the adequacy of the developer's risk management practices; and it could serve as a contact point for whistleblowers. But frontier AI developers should also be aware of key limitations: Internal audit adds friction; it can be captured by senior management; and the benefits depend on the ability of individuals to identify ineffective practices. In light of rapid progress in AI research and development, frontier AI developers need to strengthen their risk governance. Instead of reinventing the wheel, they should follow existing best practices. Although this might not be sufficient, they should not skip this obvious first step.
Cultural Barriers to Women's Progression in Academic Careers: A France‐Brazil Comparison Through the Lens of the Queen Bee Phenomena
Authors: Esnard Catherine , Grangeiro Rebeca da Rocha 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTDespite significant improvements, women are still underrepresented at high levels in academia. Most research on these inequalities is conducted within a specific national academic system, without taking into account its cultural roots. The aim of the present study was to analyze the extent to which the cultural context acts as a barrier on women's career progression. Specifically, we focused on psychological processes described under the metaphor of Queen Bee Phenomenon that may reflect the ways in which female academics conform to male‐gender roles encoded in androcentric social and academic culture. Two samples of women academic, one French (N = 73), the other Brazilian (N = 88), were compared through the lens of two dimension of the Queen Bee Phenomena: self‐group distancing and gender hierarchy legitimation. Brazilian women identify more with their female peer group than their French counterparts. French women are more hostile to quotas and more inclined to adhere to meritocratic discourses than their Brazilian counterparts. Both academic contexts tend to perpetuate gender inequalities, but in different ways: by maintaining gender‐stereotypical expectations in Brazil and meritocratic ideology in France. The implications for policies to promote a more egalitarian university context are discussed herein.
Duty of care toward the Kinabatangan River: Environmental monitoring, social learning and Care of Place in Sabah, Malaysia
Authors: Cooke Fadzilah Majid , Vogel Martin , Acciaioli Greg , Sharip Zati ,   Village Co‐operative Researchers, Tajuddin Nor Azlin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis case study contributes to the conceptualisation of, and methodology for, studying caringscapes/carescapes that concern the relations among humans and between human and non‐human subjects. It analyses how some local villagers along the Lower Kinabatangan River express their ‘duty of care’ toward the river through their sustained local participation in restorative work by means of such projects as assessing changing water quality in their wetlands. Making sense of their emergent sense of responsibility to foster care for the river entails examining not only how the local sense of place centres upon the river, but also how the river itself affects local communal and personal identity in a two‐way flow. This case study highlights the agency of those experiencing the process of socioecological change involving a social learning process covering two decades via learning networks, community participation in citizen science, trust, and leadership by example.
A 4000‐km‐Long Late Devonian Continental Arc in Eastern Asia and the Opening of the Palaeo‐Tethys
Authors: Xu Wentao , Liu Lishuang , Hao Yujie , Ren Guangming , Xu Wang 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe Palaeozoic–early Mesozoic Palaeo‐Tethyan evolution was crucial for the formation of present‐day eastern Asia. However, the exact timing and mechanism of the opening of the main Palaeo‐Tethys Ocean, represented by the Longmuco‐Shuanghu‐Changning‐Menglian‐Bentong‐Raub Suture, remain debated. Here, we report U–Pb–Hf isotopes and trace elements for Late Devonian detrital zircons from the Batang area, which exhibit arc‐like geochemical signatures, indicating strong continental arc magmatism in the North Qiangtang terrane. These characteristics match well with those of coeval zircons from the Indochina and Hainan terranes, thus defining a 4000‐km‐long Late Devonian continental arc. Supported by available geological and geophysical evidence, our results suggest that the southward subduction of the Jinshajiang‐Ailaoshan‐Song Ma Ocean led to the northward migration of the North Qiangtang‐Indochina‐Hainan continental ribbon and the subsequent opening of a back‐arc basin, which evolved into the main Palaeo‐Tethys Ocean.
Decrease in purifying selection pressures on wheat homoeologous genes: tetraploidization versus hexaploidization
Authors: Ezoe Akihiro , Todaka Daisuke , Utsumi Yoshinori , Takahashi Satoshi , Kawaura Kanako , Seki Motoaki 
Published: October 2024

SUMMARYA series of polyploidizations in higher‐order polyploids is the main event affecting gene content in a genome. Each polyploidization event can lead to massive functional divergence because of the subsequent decrease in selection pressure on duplicated genes; however, the causal relationship between multiple rounds of polyploidization and the functional divergence of duplicated genes is poorly understood. We focused on the Triticum–Aegilops complex lineage and compared selection pressure before and after tetraploidization and hexaploidization events. Although both events led to decreased selection pressure on homoeologous gene pairs (compared with diploids and tetraploids), the initial tetraploidization had a greater impact on selection pressure on homoeologous gene pairs than did subsequent hexaploidization. Consistent with this, selection pressure on expression patterns for the initial event relaxed more than those for the subsequent event. Surprisingly, the decreased selection pressure on these homoeologous genes was independent of the existence of in‐paralogs within the same subgenome. Wheat homoeologous pairs had different evolutionary consequences compared with orthologs related to other mechanisms (ancient allopolyploidization, ancient autopolyploidization, and small‐scale duplication). Furthermore, tetraploidization and hexaploidization also seemed to have different evolutionary consequences. This suggests that homoeologous genes retain unique functions, including functions that are unlikely to be preserved in genes generated by the other duplication mechanisms. We found that their unique functions differed between tetraploidization and hexaploidization (e.g., reproductive and chromosome segregation processes). These findings imply that the substantial number of gene pairs resulting from multiple allopolyploidization events, especially initial tetraploidization, may have been a unique source of functional divergence.
Global nuclear reorganization during heterochromatin replication in the giant‐genome plant Nigella damascena L.
Authors: Arifulin Eugene A. , Sorokin Dmitry V. , Anoshina Nadezhda A. , Kuznetsova Maria A. , Valyaeva Anna A. , Potashnikova Daria M. , Omelchenko Denis O. , Schubert Veit , Kolesnikova Tatyana D. , Sheval Eugene V. 
Published: October 2024

SUMMARYAmong flowering plants, genome size varies remarkably, by >2200‐fold, and this variation depends on the loss and gain of noncoding DNA sequences that form distinct heterochromatin complexes during interphase. In plants with giant genomes, most chromatin remains condensed during interphase, forming a dense network of heterochromatin threads called interphase chromonemata. Using super‐resolution light and electron microscopy, we studied the ultrastructure of chromonemata during and after replication in root meristem nuclei of Nigella damascena L. During S‐phase, heterochromatin undergoes transient decondensation locally at DNA replication sites. Due to the abundance of heterochromatin, the replication leads to a robust disassembly of the chromonema meshwork and a general reorganization of the nuclear morphology visible even by conventional light microscopy. After replication, heterochromatin recondenses, restoring the chromonema structure. Thus, we show that heterochromatin replication in interphase nuclei of giant‐genome plants induces a global nuclear reorganization.
Discrepancies of bovine haptoglobin concentrations between serum and plasma using two different anticoagulants and a colorimetric assay based on peroxidase activity
Authors: Schmitt R. , Staufenbiel R. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundHaptoglobin (Hp) is an emerging diagnostic marker in cattle, and knowledge of suitable sample types and measurement methods is important.ObjectivesThe aims of this study were to compare the results of a colorimetric assay (CA) and an ELISA for bovine Hp using serum, EDTA plasma, and lithium‐heparinized (LH) plasma, respectively, and to assess the diagnostic potential for puerperal metritis.MethodsIn experiment 1, Hp was measured in pooled aliquots of serum (n = 10), EDTA plasma (n = 10), and LH plasma (n = 10) of 100 healthy fresh lactating dairy cows from 10 farms using both the CA and the ELISA. In experiment 2, five healthy and five cows with acute puerperal metritis were sampled, and Hp was determined using both assays for all three sample types. In experiment 3, aliquots of serum and LH plasma from cows in different lactation stages were transferred into plain, EDTA‐coated, and LH‐coated tubes and mixed before colorimetric analyses. Distilled water was also placed into each tube type and treated similarly.ResultsPlasma samples measured with the CA showed on average 2.3 (EDTA) and 2.5 (LH) times higher Hp concentrations compared with serum, whereas no differences were seen with the ELISA results between sample types. Based on a clinical cut‐off value, both methods differentiated sick from healthy cows. Haptoglobin measurements with the ELISA were less precise compared with CA measurements due to high dilutions. No influence of the anticoagulants on the CA was observed.ConclusionsDue to measurement discrepancies between serum and plasma, CAs for bovine Hp based on peroxidase activity should be performed with serum, or specific reference ranges for plasma samples should be established. In this study, CA results obtained with LH plasma were more precise than results obtained with EDTA plasma. Both the CA and the ELISA are suitable diagnostic tools for the diagnosis of puerperal metritis, but CA measurements were more precise in this study.
Right cranial lung lobe torsion in a domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo)
Authors: Vuong Kristina S. , Fazio Constance , Greenacre Cheryl B. , Hoggard Nathan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA 3‐year‐old male castrated domestic ferret presented with a 24 h history of lethargy, weakness, and anorexia. The ferret was tachypneic, painful, dehydrated, pale, and obtunded on physical examination. Radiographs and thoracic CT were utilized to diagnose a 360° right cranial lung lobe torsion (LLT) with secondary pneumothorax and pleural effusion. This was confirmed on gross necropsy and histopathology. The LLT was suspected to be secondary to previous trauma based on chronic bilateral rib fractures. Lung lobe torsions are life‐threatening conditions infrequently described in veterinary medicine. Based on our review of the literature, this is the first description of an LLT in a ferret.
Knot Floer homology and surgery on equivariant knots
Authors: Mallick Abhishek 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGiven an equivariant knot of order 2, we study the induced action of the symmetry on the knot Floer homology. We relate this action with the induced action of the symmetry on the Heegaard Floer homology of large surgeries on . This surgery formula can be thought of as an equivariant analog of the involutive large surgery formula proved by Hendricks and Manolescu. As a consequence, we obtain that for certain double branched covers of and corks, the induced action of the involution on Heegaard Floer homology can be identified with an action on the knot Floer homology. As an application, we calculate equivariant correction terms which are invariants of a generalized version of the spin rational homology cobordism group, and define two knot concordance invariants. We also compute the action of the symmetry on the knot Floer complex of for several equivariant knots.