bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Cathedral of Nature: Sullivan’s and Adler’s Auditorium Building and the Narrative Function of Architecture
Authors: Horstmannshoff Kai 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis essay argues that the best way to discuss the ‘meaning’ of a building is to describe it as a peripatetic narrative. In order to discuss buildings as spatial stories, I will begin by defining narrative as a meaningful sequence of events, signs, lines, scenes, places, spaces, etc., in which each component assumes its meaning primarily through its relation to other parts of the sequence that precede and follow it. This definition of narrative allows me to think of a building as a proto-cinematic apparatus in which the architect carefully arranges a set of different scenes, impressions, objects, experiences, and views into meaningful sequences that unfold before and around the moving spectator passing along a set of possible itineraries. In describing these scenes and itineraries and setting them into relation to the building’s cultural context, we can begin to ‘read’ buildings as important cultural artifacts that play an active role in the institution of society and can be studied to gain insights into the communities for and by which they were built. These claims will be applied and tested in a discussion of Louis Sullivan’s and Dankmar Adler’s Auditorium Building in Chicago.
A tetranuclear copper (II) complex with pyrazole-3,5-dicarboxylate ligands: synthesis, characterization and electrochemical properties
Authors: Demir Selçuk , Çepni Hamide Merve , Hołyńska Małgorzata , Kavanoz Muammer 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
A tetranuclear copper (II) complex with pyrazole-3,5-dicarboxylate ligands (pdc3−), [Me2NH2]4[Cu4(pdc)4], was synthesized using solvothermal and metal oxidation routes and characterized by elemental analysis, infrared, thermogravimetry/differential thermal analysis, and room-temperature magnetic measurements. The structure of the complex was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. It comprises dimethylammonium cations and complex anions containing four Cu2+ cations. The crystal structure is stabilized by N–H···O hydrogen bonds. In addition, the electrochemical behavior was studied.
Structural Aspects of the Superionic Conduction Mechanism in Ag-GeSe3 Glasses
Authors: Stellhorn Jens R. , Hosokawa Shinya , Pilgrim Wolf-Christian , Kawakita Yokinobu , Kamimura Kenji , Kimura Koji , Blanc Nils , Boudet Nathalie 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The local and intermediate-range atomic structure in the Ag ion
conducting glasses Ag
x
(GeSe3)1−x

with x = 0.15 and 0.50 has been investigated by Anomalous X-Ray
Scattering experiments at the K absorption edges of each constituent
element. This method can provide insight into the structural
properties enabling the effect of superionic conductivity for
compositions with x > 0.33 in the amorphous phase. The experimental
results were analyzed with Reverse Monte Carlo modeling, providing the
partial structure factors and the corresponding partial
pair-distribution functions. Evidence is found for a high level of
intermediate range order for low silver concentrations, whereas the
superionic conducting phase formed at high silver concentrations is
characterized by cluster-like configurations of Ag atoms on
a nanometer scale.
Physical activity, sedentary behaviors and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a population-based cross-sectional study in Tianjin, China
Authors: Leng Junhong , Liu Gongshu , Zhang Cuiping , Xin Shijuan , Chen Fang , Li Baojuan , Tian Huiguang , Yu Zhijie , Tuomilehto Jaakko , Hu Gang , Yang Xilin 
Published: March 2016

Objective
Physical activity in a nonpregnant state or before pregnancy reduces the risk of type 2 diabetes and is also associated with reduced risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, it is uncertain whether physical activity during pregnancy reduces the risk of GDM.

Design and methods
Using an established universal screening system in Tianjin, China, we prospectively recruited 11 450 pregnant women within the 12th gestational week from 2010 to 2012. These women underwent a 50-g 1-h glucose challenge test (GCT) at 24–28 weeks of gestation and a 75-g 2-h oral glucose tolerance test if GCT glucose ≥7.8mmol/L. GDM was defined according to the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group’s criteria. Self-reported physical activity in the last month was collected at GCT time using a validated questionnaire.

Results
GDM developed in 7.3% (n=840) of the women. Women with GDM were less likely to be engaged in moderate-to-high physical activity during pregnancy than those without (79.8% vs 81.6%, P=0.191). Moderate-to-high physical activity during pregnancy was associated with decreased risk of GDM (multivariable odds ratio (OR): 0.81, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.67–0.97). Sitting at home for 2–4h per day and >4h per day were associated with significantly increased risk of GDM (multivariable OR of sitting time for 2–4h vs <2h: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.18–2.15; OR of sitting time for >4h vs <2h: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.22–2.43).

Conclusions
Increased physical activity during pregnancy was associated with reduced GDM risk, whereas sedentary lifestyle was associated with increased GDM risk among Chinese pregnant women.
Thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology: prospective comparison between 18F-FDG-PET/CT, multiparametric neck ultrasonography, 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy and histology
Authors: Piccardo A , Puntoni M , Treglia G , Foppiani L , Bertagna F , Paparo F , Massollo M , Dib B , Paone G , Arlandini A , Catrambone U , Casazza S , Pastorino A , Cabria M , Giovanella L 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
To evaluate the role of 18F-flurodeoxiglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG-PET/CT) in predicting malignancy of thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology.

Patients and methods
We analysed 87 patients who have been scheduled to undergo surgery for thyroid nodule with indeterminate cytology. All patients underwent 18F-FDG-PET/CT, multiparametric neck ultrasonography (MPUS), and 99mTc-methoxyisobutylisonitrile scintigraphy (99mTc-MIBI-scan). Histopathology was the standard of reference. We compared the sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), accuracy (AC), positive (PPV) and negative predictive (NPV) values of 18F-FDG-PET/CT with those of 99mTc-MIBI-scan and MPUS in detecting cancer. Univariate and multivariate analyses evaluated the association between each diagnostic tool and histopathology.

Results
On histopathology, 69 out of 87 nodules were found to be benign and 18 to be malignant. The SE, SP, AC, PPV and NPV of 18F-FDG-PET/CT were 94, 58, 66, 37 and 98% respectively. The SE, AC and NPV of 18F-FDG-PET/CT were significantly higher than those of MPUS and 99mTc-MIBI-scan. The association of both positive 18F-FDG-PET/CT and MPUS (FDG+/MPUS+) showed significantly lower SE (61% vs 94%) and NPV (88% vs 98%) than 18F-FDG-PET/CT alone, but significantly higher SP (77% vs 58%). On univariate analysis, 18F-FDG-PET/CT and the combination of FDG+/MPUS+ and of FDG+/MIBI− were all significantly associated with histopathology. On multivariate analysis, only FDG+/MIBI− was significantly associated with histopathology.

Conclusion
The AC of 18F-FDG-PET /CT in detecting thyroid malignancy is higher than that of 99mTc-MIBI-scan and MPUS. A negative 18F-FDG-PET/CT correctly predicts benign findings on histopathology. The association of FDG+/MPS+ is significantly more specific than 18F-FDG-PET/CT alone in identifying differentiated thyroid cancer. A positive 18F-FDG-PET/CT is significantly associated with malignancy when qualitative 99mTc-MIBI-scan is rated as negative.
Diabetes and risk of community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: a population-based case–control study
Authors: Smit Jesper , Søgaard Mette , Schønheyder Henrik Carl , Nielsen Henrik , Frøslev Trine , Thomsen Reimar Wernich 
Published: March 2016

Objective
Patients with diabetes may experience higher risk of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) than patients without diabetes due to decreased immunity or coexisting morbidities. We investigated the risk of community-acquired (CA) SAB in persons with and without diabetes.

Design
Using population-based medical databases, we conducted a case–control study of all adults with first-time CA-SAB and matched population controls in Northern Denmark, 2000 – 2011.

Methods
Based on conditional logistic regression, we computed odds ratios (ORs) of CA-SAB according to diabetes. We further assessed whether the risk of CA-SAB differed according to various diabetes-related characteristics (e.g. duration of diabetes, glycemic control, and presence of diabetes complications).

ResultsWe identified 2638 patients with incident CA-SAB, of whom 713 (27.0%) had diabetes, and 26 379 matched population controls (2495 or 9.5% with diabetes). Individuals with diabetes had a substantially increased risk of CA-SAB compared with population controls (adjusted OR = 2.8 (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.5 – 3.1)). Duration of diabetes of ≥10 years and poor glycemic control conferred higher risk estimates, with an adjusted OR = 2.3 (95% CI: 1.9 – 2.7) for diabetes with Hba1c < 7% (< 53 mmol/mol) and an adjusted OR = 5.7 (95% CI: 4.2 – 7.7) for diabetes with Hba1c ≥9% (≥75 mmol/mol). The risk of CA-SAB was particularly high in patient with diabetes complications: adjusted OR = 5.5 (95% CI: 4.2 – 7.2) with presence of microvascular complications and OR = 7.0 (95% CI: 5.4 – 9.0) with combined macro- and microvascular complications.
ConclusionsDiabetes is associated with a substantially increased risk of CA-SAB, particularly in patients with diabetes of long duration, poor glycemic control, and diabetes complications.
Tracking the water fingerprints of Cocos Island: a stable isotope analysis of precipitation, surface water, and groundwater
Authors: Corrales José L. , Sánchez-Murillo Ricardo , Esquivel-Hernández Germain , Herrera Esteban , Boll Jan 
Published: March 2016

<p>The use of stable isotopes of water, both <span>δ</span><sup>2</sup>H and <span>δ</span><sup>18</sup>O has provided novel insights in hydrological studies, ecological applications, understanding climate variability, and reconstructing paleoclimate. However, information on the stable isotope composition of water in tropical marine island environments is normally scarce within the Central America Isthmus. Here, we present the first isotopic characterization of precipitation, surface water, and groundwater at Cocos Island, Costa Rica within the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean region. Our results show that the Cocos Island MWL can be described as: <span>δ</span><sup>2</sup>H=8.39·<span>δ</span><sup>18</sup>O+13.3; r<sup>2</sup>=0.98 (n=29). Dry season rainfall events ranged from -4.9 ‰ <span>δ</span><sup>18</sup>O up to -2.4 ‰ <span>δ</span><sup>18</sup>O with a mean <em>d-</em>excess of 13.2 ‰. By the beginning of May, the Intertropical Convergence Zone reaches Costa Rica resulting in a notable depletion in isotope ratios (up to -10.4 ‰ <span>δ</span><sup>18</sup>O and -76.2 ‰ <span>δ</span><sup>2</sup>H). During the wet season, <span>δ</span><sup>18</sup>O composition averaged -6.1 ‰ <span>δ</span><sup>18</sup>O and -38.5 ‰ <span>δ</span><sup>2</sup>H with a mean <em>d-</em>excess of 9.9 ‰. HYSPLIT air mass back trajectories indicate a strong influence on the origin of precipitation of two main moisture transport mechanisms, the northeasterly (January-May) and southwesterly (May-November) trade winds. Small seasonal variations were observed in the isotopic composition of surface water throughout the year with mean values ranging from -3.9 ‰ <span>δ</span><sup>18</sup>O (dry season, n=19) up to -4.8 ‰ <span>δ</span><sup>18</sup>O (wet season, n=13). Groundwater samples exhibited a similar trend with more depleted composition during the wet season (-5.2 ‰ <span>δ</span><sup>18</sup>O and -29.8 ‰ <span>δ</span><sup>2</sup>H). Overall, the marine isotopic composition measured in meteoric water at Cocos Island serves to better delineate the isotopic contribution of Pacific moisture towards the Central America Isthmus. It also provides a valuable isotopic reference to discriminate from orographic distillation and Caribbean enriched rainfall inputs in continental studies.</p><div> </div>
Variations in the geostrophic circulation pattern and thermohaline structure in the Southeast Central American Pacific.
Authors: Brenes Carlos , Ballestero Daniel , Benavides Rosario , Salazar Juan Pablo , Murillo Gustavo 
Published: March 2016

<p>This study was conducted in the southeast region of the Central American Pacific, an area of great oceanographic importance due to the presence of various upwelling phenomena and the direct influence of the ENSO on its waters. Its main objective was to contribute to the knowledge of the main factors that modulate the regional dynamics. We describe the geostrophic circulation and thermohaline features along two transects obtained in October 2010 and March 2011, one from Costa Rica at (84°54’ W - 9°37’ N) to the SW of Cocos Island at (88°19’ W - 3°06’ N), and the second oriented zonally across the island from (88°14’ W - 5°33’ N) to (84°33’ W - 5°33’ N). Surface temperatures ranged from 27°C to 29°C and a near isothermal layer, with an average thickness of 40 m, was apparent above the thermocline centered at 60 m. Surface salinities were between 32 and 32.8, typical values of the Tropical Surface Water. In both years, Cocos Island was located in a region of low surface salinities (~32). The salty core of the Subtropical Subsurface Water (~35) was located at an average depth of 150m. In October the circulation between Cocos Island and the continent was dominated by the presence of the North Equatorial Countercurrent (NECC), with speeds above 40 cm s<sup>-1 </sup>in the upper 50 m of the water column. No flow to the northwest near the coast that could be associated with the Costa Rica Coastal Current (CRCC) in October was observed. The Cocos Island was located in the center of a 150 m deep, 100 km diameter anticyclonic eddy, with surface speeds of 10 cm s<sup>-1</sup>and 20 cm s<sup>-1</sup>. In March the study area was again dominated by an anticyclonic cell, with eastward flow between 50 cm s<sup>-1</sup> and 60 cm s<sup>-1</sup> located between 200 km north and 100 km south of the island. The southern end of this cell, with velocities between 10 cm s<sup>-1 </sup>and 50 cm s<sup>-1</sup> to the northwest, was located 200 km south of Cocos Island. A flow to the NW near the edge of the continental shelf, consistent with the CRCC, was observed in May. Our study contributes to document the oceanography of the eastern end of the Equatorial Current System near the coast of Central America, where regional forcing modifies the zonal flow which prevails west of the study area.</p><div> </div>
Poblaciones de tiburones en las bahías Chatham y Wafer del Parque Nacional Isla del Coco, Costa Rica
Authors: Zanella Ilena , López-Garro Andrés , Martínez Frank , Golfín-Duarte Geiner , Morales Keylor 
Published: March 2016

<p><strong> </strong>At least fourteen species of sharks live in the Marine Protected Area of Isla del Coco National Park (ICNP), some are resident species such as the whitetip reef shark (<em>Triaenodon obesus</em>); others are migratory and visit the National Park throughout the year, e.g. the scalloped hammerhead shark (<em>Sphyrna lewini</em>) and the whale shark (<em>Rhincodon typus</em>). Between March 2010 and August 2012 six expeditions out to the ICNP were carried, during this period 25 night trips (from 18:00 to 22:00 hr) for shark tagging were conducted in the Wafer and Chatham bays. During those trips, 185 sharks were analyzed: 81.1 % were whitetip reef sharks (<em>T. obesus</em>), 16.7 % were blacktip sharks (<em>Carcharhinus limbatus</em>), 1.1 % were blacktip reef sharks (<em>Carcharhinus melanopterus</em>) and 1.1% were silvertip sharks (<em>Carcharhinus albimarginatus</em>). The most common species in Bahía Chatham was <em>T. obesus</em>, while the most common one in Bahía Wafer was <em>C. limbatus</em>, which represented 80.9 % and 80.5 % of the total sharks caught, respectively. Regarding <em>T. obesus</em>, a sex ratio of 1.2 males per female was estimated (X<sup>2</sup>=0.09; p=0.17); in turn a sex ratio of 1.01 males per female was observed (X<sup>2</sup>=0.04; p=0.79) for <em>C. limbatus</em>. The average total length for <em>T. obesus </em>and <em>C. limbatus</em> was 103.66±13.91 cm and 76.58±14.56 cm respectively; suggesting that black tip sharks use those bays during immature stages. The results show an interspecific spatial segregation of the most common resident sharks at ICNP, apparently the clear waters and the coral cover of Chatham Bay are preferred by <em>T. obesus</em>; while the turbid waters of the Genio River mouth are preferred by <em>C. limbatus</em></p>
Anomalous coloration of a yellow tail damselfish Stegastes arcifrons (Actinopterygii: Pomacentridae) at Isla del Coco National Park, Costa Rica
Authors: Beita-Jiménez Andrés , Alvarado Juan José 
Published: March 2016

<p>Coloration patterns of reef fishes are an important trait for mediating intra and interspecific interactions, as well as for taxonomic identifications. Here we report a specimen of <em>Stegastes arcifrons</em> that presented a previously unobserved and anomalous color variation on a coral reef at Isla del Coco, Pacific Costa Rica. This color variation is known as xanthism and has been reported in some damselfishes, usually associated with genetic anomally.</p><div> </div>
“Piazzolización” y “Articipación” en la murga uruguaya actual
Authors: Chacón Solís Lilliana Alicia 
Published: March 2016

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Este artículo intenta acuñar dos términos (“piazzolización” y “articipación”) para la interpretación del significado simbólico de la murga en la sociedad uruguaya, entendiéndola como una práctica artística, popular, colectiva y en constante evolución. En cuanto a su carácter artístico, se parte de la propuesta teórica sobre las tres paradojas del arte (M. Zátonyi), demostrando que la murga exhibe al menos tres funciones: la renovación cosmogónica, la identificación y la introspección frente al espejo. En relación con lo popular, la murga se contrasta con un arte hegemónico al ser controlada por el pueblo y funcionar como espacio de cohesión social entre diferentes sectores culturales, además de su ligamen con lo ritual y lo sagrado. Referente a su carácter cambiante, se discute el cambio evolutivo de la murga en contraposición con otro tipo de cambio, el aculturativo, y se enumeran modificaciones y enriquecimientos en distintos planos de esta práctica artística, y la interacción entre los actores involucrados (“trovadores” y “juglares”). Finalmente, con respecto a su naturaleza colectiva, aunque se defiende el carácter participativo de las murgas, se eleva el cuestionamiento sobre su accesibilidad en igualdad de condiciones por todos los sectores sociales. </span></p></div></div></div>
Partitura para tiorba “Micropiezas para una tierra prometida homenaje al libro Fragmentos de la tierra prometida de Fernando Contreras Castro”
Authors: Solera Salas Mario 
Published: March 2016

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Las composiciones musicales para instrumento o grupo de instrumentos, se escriben siguiendo la estructura y sistema de signos de los lenguajes verbales, aun cuando el lenguaje musical no expresa ideas. Con el objetivo de dar significado a las composiciones, en algunas partituras instrumentales, se encuentran variadas formas de citar textos escritos del lenguaje verbal. Este recurso musical, se observa en el libro </span><span>Fragmentos de la tierra prometida</span><span>, de Fernando Contreras, texto que a su vez, da origen a la obra para tiorba, </span><span>Micropiezas para una tierra prometida</span><span>. </span></p></div></div></div>
Ideas estéticas de los plásticos de Mendoza(Argentina) en la década de 1930. El grupo de gente de Artes y Letras La peña
Authors: Cremaschi Verónica 
Published: March 2016

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>El siguiente trabajo propone abordar las ideas estéticas de distintos artistas de la provincia de Mendoza que fueron fundadores y partícipes activos del grupo denominado “La Peña”. Fundamentalmente se ha intentado re-situar la obra plástica en su contexto de gestación, restituir los sentidos que la historia del arte formalista ha cercenado a muchas de las producciones locales al enfocar su estudio en su esfera eminentemente material. Es por ello que se profundiza en las visiones que tuvieron los artistas acerca de las problemáticas estéticas de su tiempo. </span></p><p>Resulta interesante la relación que se estableció entre los productores locales y el mundo estético de la capital Argentina, percibido como un referente ineludible pero cuestionado por los pintores provinciales. Basándonos en documentos de la prensa local se propone revisar distintas ideas estéticas de artistas locales y explicitar la relación de las obras plásticas con las ideas que sustentaron su producción. </p><p><span><br /></span></p></div></div></div>
The Impact of Learner’s Autonomy on Teaching Oral Skills (Speaking Skills) in an EFL Classroom
Authors: Qamar Marium Bushra 
Published: March 2016

This paper describes a study conducted to determine the impact of learner's autonomy on attaining oral skills. The objective of this research is to strengthen the idea that a learner centered classroom is an ideal environment for teaching oral skills and to promote communicative approach of teaching. True learning can only be achieved when the learner is made an equal partner in the learning process instead of a Muppet. This research follows an experimental design. The population of the study were preparatory year students of Jazan University. This research was delimited to ELC prep year students studying at AI Ardah College of Translational study. A random sample of 100 preparatory year students were taken from Al-Ardah college with 50 students in the experimental group were students who were free to practice learners autonomy (learner centered approach) and another 50 formed the controlled group. Results were generated with the help of pre tests and post tests and plotted in the form of graphs. The purpose of this research is to show that the traditional teacher centered approach can no longer encompass the needs of the modem classroom. The educational process needs to be an active blend of modeling, coaching. scaffolding and fading. This research is implacable to ESL learners and teachers alike. It also makes recommendations for future study.
On the Mutual Effect of L1 and L2 in SLA: A Brief Look at Cook's Multi-competence
Authors: Teimourtash Mojtaba , Shakouri Nima 
Published: March 2016

Considering the notion of multi-competence coined by Cook (1991) calls on the necessity to revisit the stance of first language in foreign language teaching. The use of mother tongue in second language acquisition (SLA) is widely criticized by many practitioners, notably Krashen (1981). However, more recently Widdowson (2003) also called for an explicitly bilingual approach. The present paper, though arguing for the use of L1 in L2 context, did not ignore the fact that L2 can exert inevitable effects on L1.