bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LEFT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY : ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC DIAGNOSIS
Authors: MCPHIE JOHN 
Published: September 2017

SummaryThe specificity of diagnostic criteria previously proposed for the diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy have been analysed by correlation of the isolated ventricular weight and the twelve‐lead electrocardiogram, and by consideration of commonly associated clinical conditions and of the pathological state of the myocardium in 83 adult hearts.As an aid to the clinical diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy in adults over 30 years of age it is concluded of the electrocardiogram: (a) That lesser degrees of left ventricular hypertrophy cannot be accurately diagnosed by any criteria described to date; (b) That, where left ventricular weight exceeds normal by 40%, accurate positive diagnosis can be made in approximately half the cases, and that this proportion increases with the degree of hypertrophy; (c) That only the QRS voltage in the electrocardiogram has any direct relationship to left ventricular weight and is therefore of diagnostic value; (d) That the useful diagnostic criteria may be reduced to two or possibly three: the maximum R+S voltage in the precordial “V” leads; maximal precordial R> 26 millimetres ; R1 + S3> 25 millimetres; (e) That the diagnostic application of relevant QRS voltage criteria is not materially restricted by the administration of digitalis or by the presence of congestive cardiac failure or lesser degrees of ischæmic heart disease. Advanced ischæmic disease involving extensive destruction of the myocardium may reduce QRS voltage and thence its diagnostic value.The term “left ventricular strain” has little meaning, since the electrocardiographic patterns to which it is applied cannot be directly related to left ventricular hypertrophy or to any one physiological, biochemical or dynamic factor recognized at present.
PROGNOSIS IN THE NEPHROTIC SYNDROME
Authors: JOHNSON J. R. , READER RALPH 
Published: September 2017

SummaryEighty cases of the nephrotic syndrome are reviewed with respect to their immediate and remote prognosis.Approximately 60% of patients with uncomplicated nephrotic syndrome lost their œdema in hospital, whilst this occurred in only 20% of patients with complicated syndromes (showing hypertension, hæmaturia or azotæmia). In 11 of 20 cases in which there was a biopsy finding of "normal renal tissue" there was loss of œdema in hospital, but this occurred in only two of 13 cases in which the biopsy findings were abnormal. Five of 10 patients admitted to hospital with gross œdema died during that admission, and none lost their œdema.Results with corticosteroid therapy were not as satisfactory as the results claimed by others, probably owing to lower dosage, but were superior to the results with all other forms of therapy. Nine of 32 patients given a course of steroids lost their oedema completely in hospital (including four who went into remission).The ultimate prognosis for the adults and older children followed for two or more years is discussed and compared with the prognosis for the young child. Seven of 15 patients with uncomplicated nephrotic syndrome in this series were in complete remission two or more years after the onset of the disease, whilst this was so in only one of 34 with complicated syndromes. Twenty‐one with the complicated syndrome, but only two with the uncomplicated syndrome, were dead at the time of follow‐up. The better overall prognosis of the nephrotic syndrome in the young child as compared with the adult and older child appears to be due to the far greater incidence of uncomplicated cases in the former age group.
STUDIES OF FAT METABOLISM IN ATHEROSCLEROSIS BY ISOTOPIC METHODS
Authors: HALL G. V. , GEORGE E. P. , HICKIE J. B. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryAn isotopic lipid tolerance test is described. An assessment of this test on 40 patients with abnormal lipid metabolism and 12 controls has given the following results : (i) I131 glyceryl trioleate is a satisfactory tracer of lipid metabolism. (ii) The results of the test are consistent and reproducible. (iii) Patients with coronary atherosclerosis show raised lipid blood radioactivity levels during the first few hours, and these persist to 72 hours, when there is more complete separation between atherosclerotic and normal subjects. (iv) The lipid clearance time is prolonged in almost all patients with coronary heart disease. (v) The results give further support to the apparent linkage of atherosclerosis and disordered lipid metabolism. (vi) The lipid tolerance test described gives a method of assessing the degree of lipid metabolic disorder.
THE SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION OF HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS FOR ASTHMA IN BRISBANE
Authors: DERRICK E. H. , THATCHER R. H. , TRAPPETT L. G. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryThe monthly distribution of admissions to the Brisbane Children's Hospital for asthma for the three years July, 1955, to June, 1958, showed a minor wave in the spring months of October and November, and a major wave in autumn and early winter culminating usually in May.The monthly distribution of asthmatic bronchitis was almost identical with that of asthma. For a truer index of asthma admissions, the two conditions were combined.The characteristic seasonal distribution of asthma was evident (a) in each sex, (b) in each year of age except the first, (c) in each of the three years of the study, (d) in different geographical sections of Brisbane City.Among admissions of asthmatic children, about o% belonged to the spring wave and 45% to the autumn wave ; 45% were apparently non‐seasonal.The monthly distribution of admissions for infective (non‐asthmatic) bronchitis to the Brisbane Children's Hospital over the same period was different. There was a single peak, in mid‐winter. This seasonal difference shows that the spring and autumn waves of asthma cannot be ascribed to bronchial infection.Analysis of admissions for asthma to the Brisbane Hospital for the same three years showed that the seasonal variation diminished with age. In asthmatics aged 12 to 49 years, a spring wave was barely discernible and the autumn wave was responsible for only about 20% of admissions. In those aged over 50 years, no consistent seasonal variation was evident.Males predominated among asthmatics admitted to the Brisbane Children's Hospital, females among those admitted to the Brisbane Hospital.Monthly correlations did not show any consistent relation between the seasonal distribution of asthma and variation in atmospheric pressure, temperature, humidity, rainfall, hours of sunshine, or speed or direction of the wind. Low wind speeds and westerly winds usually prevailed at the time of the autumn wave of asthma, but the association was probably incidental.The most likely cause of the spring and autumn waves of asthma was a prevalence of air‐borne pollens.
RENAL ISCHÆMIA AND HYPERTENSION : A REVIEW OF THE RESULTS OF SURGERY
Authors: KINCAID-SMITH PRISCILLA 
Published: September 2017

SummaryA review of the results of renal surgery in patients with hypertension reveals that 37% have a reduction in the blood pressure to 140/90 mm. Hg for a year. About half the patients achieve worthwhile clinical benefit from operation. The percentage of successful results in patients with renal artery disease or chronic pyelonephritis is almost double that achieved in other forms of unilateral renal disease. Patients aged under 20 years, and those with retinitis or papillœdema, seem to have a better prognosis for alleviation of hypertension than older patients or those with lesser retinal changes. When pyelonephritic scarring of the “ ischæmic ” type is present in the nephrectomy specimen, the operation is likely to alleviate hypertension. In patients with renal artery disease, nephrectomy produces a far higher percentage of successful results than is achieved by arterial surgery.
THE VARIATIONS IN URINARY ALDOSTERONE LEVELS OF NORMAL FEMALES DURING THEIR MENSTRUAL CYCLE
Authors: REICH MAGDA 
Published: September 2017

SummaryIn a series of six subjects studied, a day‐to‐day fluctuation in urinary aldosterone excretion with a definite and characteristic pattern throughout the menstrual cycle was noted in all. The excretory level was lowest (mean value 8·5 μg. per 24 hours) 25 to 17 days before menstruation, with an increase (mean value 11 μg. per 24 hours) 17 to 14 days prior to menstruation. An increase in excretion was again noticed in the second half of the cycle, with a peak excretion (mean value 23 μg. per 24 hours) one to five days before menstruation. This was followed in most subjects by a sharp decrease in excretion one to two days before menstruation. During the first day of menstruation a relatively low level was found, followed in some subjects by an increase on certain days of menstruation.The urinary sodium‐potassium concentration ratio fluctuated during the menstrual cycle with no direct relationship to aldosterone levels. The lowest urinary sodium‐potassium ratios were found in specimens one to five days before menstruation.A premenstrual increase in body weight ranging from 0·5 to 2·3 kg., with the maximum three to one days prior to menstruation, was noted in five subjects. This weight increase either followed or preceded the maximum observed aldosterone excretion.In one post‐menopausal subject observed over a period of 26 days, the urinary aldosterone excretion ranged from 8·5 to 14 μg. per 24 hours.A detailed description of a chemical method for estimation of aldosterone in urine is given.
A FAMILY STUDY OF FALLOT'S TETRAD
Authors: PITT DAVID B. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryThe occasional familial concentration of cases of congenital heart disease is discussed. Twin evidence, gathered from relatively unselected sources, is presented for the incidence of congenital heart defects in twins.The low incidence of concordance (6.9%) in monozygotic pairs suggests a very mild genetic background in their causation.In this report is presented a large family of 275 descendants of one man, in which 11 members have been affected with congenital heart defects. Of these, three were “blue babies” who died without an exact diagnosis being recorded. Of the remaining eight, six had Fallot's tetrad (three) or reduced or atypical forms thereof; two had ventricular septal defect and two multiple lesions. It is proposed that these lesions arose as the pleiotrophic effects of a single dominant gene with reduced penetrance (10%). In two instances, however, in which the mothers (married to carrier fathers) gave a history of ovarian disease, the gene may have behaved with full penetrance (five affected children out of nine).It is speculated that some maternal influence, acting on the gene through some defect in the ovum, may have permitted full penetrance in these instances.In generations IV and V, the gene appears to have affected about 5% of the children.It is suggested that dominant genes of low penetrance, revealed in this very large family, may also operate undetected in many other cases of congenital defect in smaller families.Environmental causes of congenital heart defect, apart from maternal rubella, have yet to be clearly demonstrated.
TETRACYCLINE IN THE TREATMENT OF “Q” FEVER
Authors: POWELL O. W. , KENNEDY K. P. , MCIVER MARGOT , SILVERSTONE H. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryThe effect of tetracycline in the treatment of “Q” fever was investigated in 56 cases, by a technique of sequential analysis.Tetracycline reduced the duration of fever after commencement of treatment by approximately 50%. However, treatment must be commenced within the first three days of illness for this to be of importance.The severity of liver involvement, as estimated by “Bromsulphalein” retention, was significantly less in the treated group.The incidence of phase 1 complement‐fixing antibody six months or more after the onset was significantly less in the treated group.Treatment, essentially blind therapy, is probably justified only for patients who are severely ill, who are at risk of endocarditis because of previous cardiac disease, or who are in the older age groups.
AN EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF AUTOIMMUNE HÆMOLYTIC ANÆMIA
Authors: BURNET F. M. 
Published: September 2017

SUMMARYIn the mouse strain NZB, all individuals develop signs of an autoimmune hæmolytic anæmia between the ages of four and eight months. At about the same age areas of lymphocytic proliferation appear in the thymic medulla. This strain provides a laboratory model of human autoimmune disease and the characteristic thymic lesions point to the need for further study of the thymus in the human conditions.
HEREDITARY FACTORS IN HUMAN LEUKÆMIA: A REPORT OF FOUR CASES OF LEUKÆMIA IN A FAMILY
Authors: GORDON R. D. 
Published: September 2017

SUMMARYFour cases of leukæmia occurring in a family during two generations are described. The diagnosis in three is supported by full hæmatological and autopsy data. These patients were a female, aged 47 years, and a male, aged 29 years, both suffering from myeloblastic leukæmia, and a female, aged 58 years, suffering from acute leukæmia of uncertain type. In the fourth case, that of a female, aged two and a half years, evidence consists only of a death certificate bearing the diagnosis of acute leukæmia. Though a definite diagnosis of the variety of leukæmia has been made in only two cases, the result is already at variance with the reported high incidence of the lymphatic type in familial cases. The dissimilarity in age of these four patients may be contrasted with other reported families, in which the leukæmia tended to occur at about the same age in affected siblings.The importance of hereditary factors in leukæmia in man is undecided, as is the genetic relationship of leukæmia to other neoplasias and blood disorders. Chromosomal abnormalities affecting all body cells have been described in association with chronic lymphatic leukæmia in the same patient and with acute leukæmia in the same sibship; this observation suggests a role for altered genetic structure in at least some cases of leukæmia, and chromosome studies are a promising tool in research into leukæmogenesis.
TETRACYCLINE ANTIBIOTICS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON CALCIFIED AND NON‐CALCIFIED TISSUES
Authors: STOREY E. 
Published: September 2017

SUMMARYThe incorporation of tetracycline antibiotics into hard tissues has been known for some time, and recently permanent discoloration and even hypoplasia of teeth have been attributed to administration of the drug. Tetracyclines are avid metal‐ion chelators in vitro, and although the precise mechanism by which they become attached to tissues in vivo is not known, they are bound at the time of administration into all calcifying tissues. The drug has been detected in the skeleton of man and of a number of animals by macroscopic staining and by fluorescence in ultra‐violet light, and is present in a number of soft‐tissue sites such as malignant neoplasms and hair.Although defects have been induced under certain experimental conditions in chick embryos and Sand Dollar larvæ, skeletal abnormalities have not been reported in babies subjected to tetracyclines during development in utero.
Changes induced in teeth by tetracyclines are staining and possibly hypoplasia, although further evidence of a direct cause and effect relationship between the drug and the structural abnormality is required. In general, yellow‐brown staining of deciduous and permanent teeth occurs with low doses and hypoplasia is associated with high closes ; but it must be noted that children given large quantities of the drug are usually extremely ill, which of itself may be sufficient to affect formation of teeth. The drug is incorporated into calcifying dentine and into immature enamel, but appears to be removed or masked as the enamel calcifies, in contrast to its permanent retention in dentine.While these defects should be kept to a minimum by using, where possible, antibiotics other than the tetracyclines during pregnancy and early post‐natal life, staining or hypoplasia of teeth may be a minor price to pay for the prevention of infection with its probably more serious and widespread sequelæ.
Low temperature synthesis of TaB2 nanorods by molten‐salt assisted borothermal reduction
Authors: Wei Tingting , Liu Zetan , Ren Donglou , Deng Xiangong , Deng Qihuang , Huang Qing , Ran Songlin 
Published: September 2017

AbstractTaB2 powders were synthesized by a molten‐salt assisted borothermal reduction method at 900°C‐1000°C in flowing argon using Ta2O5 and amorphous B as starting materials. The results indicated that the presence of liquid phase, such as B2O3 and NaCl/KCl, accelerated the mass transfer of reactant species and resulted in the complete finish of the reaction at low temperatures. The obtained TaB2 powders exhibited a flow‐like shape assembled from nanorods grow along [001] direction or c‐axis. The morphology of the synthesized TaB2 powders could be tailored by the amount of B2O3 or NaCl/KCl.
Tainted love: Gothic imaging of nurses in popular culture
Authors: McAllister Margaret , Brien Donna Lee , Piatti‐Farnell Lorna 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAimsTo discuss representations of nursing in popular culture using the Contemporary Gothic theory.BackgroundNursing is stereotypically known as a caring profession. Caring in both the natural and professional perspectives is inextricably attached to love and love, we are told, is universal. In popular culture, however, there are numerous examples of nurses being portrayed in ways where love—its expression and its practice—has been transgressed or tainted. Exploring this dark side of nursing, even if fictitious, is significant because it illuminates social and cultural tensions.DesignDiscussion paper.Data sourcesCINAHL, Scopus and Humanities International Databases were searched for terms related to nursing, love, abject and the gothic, published between 1990–2016. Four popular culture texts which ranged in genre and gothic elements were selected for analysis.Implications for nursingThe types of transgressive love these nurses express to patients ranges from the obsessive and the pornographic, to the monstrous. We suggest this positioning illuminates a hidden reality that nursing work is at once intimate and personal but also hidden, profane, repellent, horrifying and feared. Nursing's allure for storytellers may rest in its association with the abject. How nurses find redemption, satisfaction and meaning in these locations is relevant for how we can imbue our lives and work with greater humanity.ConclusionThe Contemporary Gothic is a useful tool in exposing and exploring ambiguous, challenging and taboo aspects of nursing in society. Such and analysis helps to explain phenomena—including nursing itself—which exists in the shadow of dominant and often stereotyped discourses.
Nursing service innovation: A case study examining emergency nurse practitioner service sustainability
Authors: Fox Amanda , Gardner Glenn , Osborne Sonya 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAimThis research aimed to explore factors that influence sustainability of health service innovation, specifically emergency nurse practitioner service.BackgroundPlanning for cost effective provision of healthcare services is a concern globally. Reform initiatives are implemented often incorporating expanding scope of practice for health professionals and innovative service delivery models. Introducing new models is costly in both human and financial resources and therefore understanding factors influencing sustainability is imperative to viable service provision.DesignThis research used case study methodology (Yin,).MethodsData were collected during 2014 from emergency nurse practitioners, emergency department multidisciplinary team members and documents related to nurse practitioner services. Collection methods included telephone and semi‐structured interviews, survey and document analysis. Pattern matching techniques were used to compare findings with study propositions.FindingsIn this study, emergency nurse practitioner services did not meet factors that support health service sustainability. Multidisciplinary team members were confident that emergency nurse practitioner services were safe and helped to meet population health needs. Organizational support for integration of nurse practitioner services was marginal and led to poor understanding of service capability and underuse.ConclusionThis research provides evidence informing sustainability of nursing service models but more importantly raises questions about this little explored field. The findings highlight poor organizational support, excessive restrictions and underuse of the service. This is in direct contrast to contemporary expanding practice reform initiatives. Organizational support for integration is imperative to future service sustainability.
The relationship between emotional intelligence, previous caring experience and successful completion of a pre‐registration nursing/midwifery degree
Authors: Snowden Austyn , Stenhouse Rosie , Duers Lorraine , Marshall Sarah , Carver Fiona , Brown Norrie , Young Jenny 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAimTo examine the relationship between baseline emotional intelligence and prior caring experience with completion of pre‐registration nurse and midwifery education.BackgroundSelection and retention of nursing students is a global challenge. Emotional intelligence is well‐conceptualized, measurable and an intuitive prerequisite to nursing values and so might be a useful selection criterion. Previous caring experience may also be associated with successful completion of nurse training.DesignProspective longitudinal study.MethodSelf‐report trait and ability emotional intelligence scores were obtained from 876 student nurses from two Scottish Universities before they began training in 2013. Data on previous caring experience were recorded. Relationships between these metrics and successful completion of the course were calculated inSPSSversion 23.ResultsNurses completing their programme scored significantly higher on trait emotional intelligence than those that did not complete their programme. Nurses completing their programme also scored significantly higher on social connection scores than those that did not. There was no relationship between “ability” emotional intelligence and completion. Previous caring experience was not statistically significantly related to completion.ConclusionStudents with higher baseline trait emotional intelligence scores were statistically more likely to complete training than those with lower scores. This relationship also held using “Social connection” scores. At best, previous caring experience made no difference to students' chances of completing training. Caution is urged when interpreting these results because the headline findings mask considerable heterogeneity. Neither previous caring experience or global emotional intelligence measures should be used in isolation to recruit nurses.