bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of Incidence, Remission and Relapse of Axis I Mental Disorders in Young Women: A Transdiagnostic Approach
Authors: Lukat Justina , Becker Eni S. , Lavallee Kristen L. , van der Veld William M. , Margraf Jürgen 
Published: June 2016

An understanding of etiological and maintaining factors of mental disorders is essential for the treatment of mental disorders, as well as mental health promotion and protection. The present study examines predictors of the incidence, remission and relapse of a wide range of Axis I mental disorders, using data from the Dresden Predictor Study. A sample of 1394 young German women completed questionnaires evaluating psychological factors (positive mental health, self‐efficacy, life satisfaction, neuroticism, psychopathology and dysfunctional attitudes) and global assessment of functioning, as well as structured diagnostic interviews assessing incidence and change (remission, relapse) in mental disorders. Predictors were analysed using a multivariate logistic regression model. Significant factors for incidence of mental disorders included neuroticism and global functioning. A remitting course of mental disorders was predicted by positive mental health, self‐efficacy and global assessment of functioning. Relapse was significantly predicted by neuroticism and dysfunctional attitudes. Results imply that mental health promotion is particularly important for women with high neuroticism and low functioning, as they tend to be at risk for incidence. Mental disorder treatment may benefit from strengthening positive mental health and functioning, as these factors promote remission. Relapse‐prevention may benefit from attention to neuroticism and dysfunctional attitudes in order to reduce the likelihood of relapse. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message

Incidence of mental disorders in young women was predicted by neuroticism and low global functioning. There seems to be a need for preventive interventions addressing high neuroticism and low global functioning.
Remission in young women was predicted by positive mental health. It may be helpful to include resource‐based interventions, which can strengthen or support general positive mental health.
Relapse in young women was predicted by two negative psychological factors: high neuroticism and reporting many dysfunctional attitudes. Psychotherapy addressing the characteristics and behaviour of neurotic patients might be beneficial. Interventions should also focus on addressing and changing dysfunctional attitudes.
Practice Note: Asking Better Questions
Authors: Barthel Trip , Fortson‐Harwell Mary 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis article examines ways that mediators can ask better questions by developing a line of inquiry that facilitates insight through movement within the stages of mediation. Well‐designed questions can shift perspectives, promote understanding, offer opportunities, engage participation, and create possibilities. Better questions in mediation are asked with curiosity and emotional detachment, trustworthy, emotionally intelligent, balanced and open, asked with an awareness of learning styles, creative, future focused, and unifying.
Soft switching DC/DC converter with high voltage gain and less current ripple
Authors: Lin Bor‐Ren , Chen Hui‐Ru 
Published: June 2016

SummaryA new soft switching three‐level converter with two DC/DC circuits in the primary side and current double rectifiers in the secondary side is presented to realize the zero‐voltage switching operation, reduce the transformer secondary winding turns and the output current ripple, and lessen the voltage rating of rectifier diodes. Two DC/DC pulse‐width modulation circuits sharing same power switches with interleaved half switching cycle are adopted in the proposed converter to reduce the current rating of transformer primary windings. Two inductors and four diodes are adopted in the secondary side to achieve current double rectifier, reduce output ripple current, and decrease the transformer secondary winding turns. Based on the pulse‐width modulation scheme, the power switchers can be turned on at zero‐voltage switching operation. Laboratory experiments with a 1.44 kW prototype are provided to verify the theoretical analysis. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Power allocation over time‐varying multiple‐access interference channels
Authors: Baidas Mohammed W. , Alsusa Emad , Hamdi Khairi A. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryIn this paper, power allocation over time‐varying multiple‐access interference channels is studied. Particularly, stochastic network sum‐rate maximizing and max‐min rate power allocation, and total power minimization problems are formulated, capturing the random nature of communication channels. Typically, a centralized controller must have perfect knowledge of global instantaneous channel state information for dynamic optimal power allocation; however, this may not be possible, because of the computational complexity and communication overheads/delays involved. Based on the second‐order statistics of the channel state information, the stochastic problem formulations are transformed into their optimal deterministic representations in terms of ergodic capacity, while ensuring satisfactory quality of service via target outage probability. However, such deterministic reformulations happen to be non‐convex and thus are computationally expensive. In turn, sub‐optimal reformulations are derived and solved via iterative low‐complexity algorithms. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed deterministic sub‐optimal power allocation reformulations closely coincide with their optimal deterministic and dynamic counterparts, with the proposed algorithms converging in a finite number of iterations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Written case formulations in the treatment of anorexia nervosa: Evidence for therapeutic benefits
Authors: Allen Karina L. , O'Hara Caitlin B. , Bartholdy Savani , Renwick Beth , Keyes Alexandra , Lose Anna , Kenyon Martha , DeJong Hannah , Broadbent Hannah , Loomes Rachel , McClelland Jessica , Serpell Lucy , Richards Lorna , Johnson‐Sabine Eric , Boughton Nicky , Whitehead Linette , Treasure Janet , Wade Tracey , Schmidt Ulrike 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTObjectiveCase formulation is a core component of many psychotherapies and formulation letters may provide an opportunity to enhance the therapeutic alliance and improve treatment outcomes. This study aimed to determine if formulation letters predict treatment satisfaction, session attendance, and symptom reductions in anorexia nervosa (AN). It was hypothesized that higher quality formulation letters would predict greater treatment satisfaction, a greater number of attended sessions, and greater improvement in eating disorder symptoms.MethodPatients were adult outpatients with AN (n = 46) who received Maudsley Anorexia Nervosa Treatment for Adults (MANTRA) in the context of a clinical trial. A Case Formulation Rating Scheme was used to rate letters for adherence to the MANTRA model and use of a collaborative, reflective, affirming stance. Analyses included linear regression and mixed models.ResultsFormulation letters that paid attention to the development of the AN predicted greater treatment acceptability ratings (p = 0.002). More reflective and respectful letters predicted greater reductions in Eating Disorder Examination scores (p = 0.003).DiscussionResults highlight the potential significance of a particular style of written formulation as part of treatment for AN. Future research should examine applicability to other psychiatric disorders. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.(Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:874–882)
Are the metabolomic responses to folivory of closely related plant species linked to macroevolutionary and plant–folivore coevolutionary processes?
Authors: Rivas‐Ubach Albert , Hódar José A. , Sardans Jordi , Kyle Jennifer E. , Kim Young‐Mo , Oravec Michal , Urban Otmar , Guenther Alex , Peñuelas Josep 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe debate whether the coevolution of plants and insects or macroevolutionary processes (phylogeny) is the main driver determining the arsenal of molecular defensive compounds of plants remains unresolved. Attacks by herbivorous insects affect not only the composition of defensive compounds in plants but also the entire metabolome. Metabolomes are the final products of genotypes and are constrained by macroevolutionary processes, so closely related species should have similar metabolomic compositions and may respond in similar ways to attacks by folivores. We analyzed the elemental compositions and metabolomes of needles from three closely related Pinus species with distant coevolutionary histories with the caterpillar of the processionary moth respond similarly to its attack. All pines had different metabolomes and metabolic responses to herbivorous attack. The metabolomic variation among the species and the responses to folivory reflected their macroevolutionary relationships, with P. pinaster having the most divergent metabolome. The concentrations of terpenes were in the attacked trees supporting the hypothesis that herbivores avoid plant individuals with higher concentrations. Our results suggest that macroevolutionary history plays important roles in the metabolomic responses of these pine species to folivory, but plant–insect coevolution probably constrains those responses. Combinations of different evolutionary factors and trade‐offs are likely responsible for the different responses of each species to folivory, which is not necessarily exclusively linked to plant–insect coevolution.
Antioxidant efficacies of rutin and rutin esters in bulk oil and oil‐in‐water emulsion
Authors: Lue Bena‐Marie , Sørensen Ann‐Dorit Moltke , Jacobsen Charlotte , Guo Zheng , Xu Xuebing 
Published: June 2016

The use of flavonoids as antioxidants in food formulations is limited due to their solubility and thereby their localization in the food products. However, enzymatic alkylation of flavonoids with lipophilic moieties alters their lipophilicity and thereby partitioning within different phases in a food product. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidative efficiency of two derivatives of rutin, namely rutin laurate (C12:0) and rutin palmitate (C16:0) compared with their parent compound rutin and with butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Their efficiency as antioxidants at two different concentrations (25 and 200 × 10−6 m) was assessed in bulk oil and in an o/w emulsion system without and with iron addition. All evaluated compounds revealed antioxidant effects. However, rutin and BHT were the most efficient antioxidants in bulk oil followed by rutin palmitate, whereas rutin laurate acted as either an antioxidant or a prooxidant at low and high concentrations (25 and 200 × 10−6 m), respectively. In emulsions, rutin and BHT in high concentration (200 × 10−6 m) were more efficient than rutin esters. Thus, alcylation of rutin with medium chain fatty acids did not improve the antioxidant ability, neither in bulk oil nor in o/w emulsion. Interestingly, rutin had stronger antioxidative effect than BHT upon iron addition to the emulsion.Practical application: According to the antioxidant hypothesis, the polar paradox, more amphiphilic antioxidants should perform as better antioxidants in emulsions than more polar antioxidants. The finding in this study revealed that lipophilization of rutin did not improve its antioxidant capacity in emulsions compared to untreated rutin. This stresses the importance of evaluating the antioxidant in each emulsion systems before selecting appropriate antioxidants for optimal protection against lipid oxidation.Lipid oxidation in bulk oil and o/w emulsion. Rutin and BHT more efficient antioxidants in bulk oil and emulsion than rutin ester. Acylation of rutin with C12 or C16 did not improve the antioxidant ability of rutin neither in bulk oil or emulsion.
Identification of Rare Variants in Metabolites of the Carnitine Pathway by Whole Genome Sequencing Analysis
Authors: Yazdani Akram , Yazdani Azam , Liu Xiaoming , Boerwinkle Eric 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTWe use whole genome sequence data and rare variant analysis methods to investigate a subset of the human serum metabolome, including 16 carnitine‐related metabolites that are important components of mammalian energy metabolism. Medium pass sequence data consisting of 12,820,347 rare variants and serum metabolomics data were available on 1,456 individuals. By applying a penalization method, we identified two genes FGF8 and MDGA2 with significant effects on lysine and cis‐4‐decenoylcarnitine, respectively, using Δ‐AIC and likelihood ratio test statistics. Single variant analyses in these regions did not identify a single low‐frequency variant (minor allele count > 3) responsible for the underlying signal. The results demonstrate the utility of whole genome sequence and innovative analyses for identifying candidate regions influencing complex phenotypes.
Assessing regional‐scale spatio‐temporal patterns of groundwater–surface water interactions using a coupled SWAT‐MODFLOW model
Authors: Bailey Ryan T. , Wible Tyler C. , Arabi Mazdak , Records Rosemary M. , Ditty Jeffrey 
Published: June 2016

AbstractInteraction between groundwater and surface water in watersheds has significant impacts on water management and water rights, nutrient loading from aquifers to streams, and in‐stream flow requirements for aquatic species. Of particular importance are the spatial patterns of these interactions. This study explores the spatio‐temporal patterns of groundwater discharge to a river system in a semi‐arid region, with methods applied to the Sprague River Watershed (4100 km2) within the Upper Klamath Basin in Oregon, USA. Patterns of groundwater–surface water interaction are explored throughout the watershed during the 1970–2003 time period using a coupled SWAT‐MODFLOW model tested against streamflow, groundwater level and field‐estimated reach‐specific groundwater discharge rates. Daily time steps and coupling are used, with groundwater discharge rates calculated for each model computational point along the stream. Model results also are averaged by month and by year to determine seasonal and decadal trends in groundwater discharge rates. Results show high spatial variability in groundwater discharge, with several locations showing no groundwater/surface water interaction. Average annual groundwater discharge is 20.5 m3/s, with maximum and minimum rates occurring in September–October and March–April, respectively. Annual average rates increase by approximately 0.02 m3/s per year over the 34‐year period, negligible compared with the average annual rate, although 70% of the stream network experiences an increase in groundwater discharge rate between 1970 and 2003. Results can assist with water management, identifying potential locations of heavy nutrient mass loading from the aquifer to streams and ecological assessment and planning focused on locations of high groundwater discharge. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diagnostic investigations of DKK‐1 and PDCD5 expression levels as independent prognostic markers of human chondrosarcoma
Authors: Zarea Mojtaba , Mohammadian Bajgiran Amirhossein , Sedaghati Farnoush , Hatami Negin , Taheriazam Afshin , Yahaghi Emad , Shakeri Mohammadreza 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the expression levels of Dickkopf‐1 (DKK‐1) and programmed cell death 5 (PDCD5) by using quantitative real‐time PCR and immunohistochemistry in patients with chondrosarcoma. The DKK‐1 mRNA levels were significantly higher in chondrosarcoma when compared with the corresponding nontumor tissues (mean ± SD: 4.23 ± 1.54; 1.54 ± 0.87; P = 0.001). PDCD5 mRNA levels were remarkably deceased in tumor tissues when compared with corresponding nontumor tissues (mean ± SD: 1.94 ± 0.73; 5.42 ± 1.73; P = 0.001). The high and moderate DKK‐1 expressions were observed for 60% of chondrosarcoma samples in comparison with 27.5% of corresponding nontumor tissues (P  =  0.001). Moreover, low expression of PDCD5 was found in 67.5% of the tumor tissues when compared with the nontumor tissues (32.5%; P = 0.002). The results of this study showed that high DKK‐1 expression levels were strongly related to MSTS stage (P = 0.011) and the advancement of histological grade (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the PDCD5 expression levels were correlated with histological grade (P < 0.001), MSTS stage (P = 0.016), and distant metastasis (P = 0.001). Kaplan‐Meier survival and log‐rank survival showed that patients with high DKK‐1 levels and low PDCD5 levels were correlated with shorter overall survival (log‐rank test P < 0.001). PDCD5 levels, histological grade, and tumor stage were independent predictors of overall survival. In conclusion, DKK‐1 and PDCD5 can be independent predictors of overall survival in patients suffering from chondrosarcoma. © 2016 IUBMB Life, 68(7):597–601, 2016
Oxidative Status Profile in Different Tissues of Parastacus brasiliensis promatensis (Crustacea, Decapoda, Parastacidae) over a Seasonal Cycle
Authors: Pinheiro Ludimila Carneiro , Oliveira Guendalina Turcato 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to assess annual redox balance by quantifying activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione S‐transferase (GST), as well as measuring lipid peroxidation levels by determination of thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances, in different tissues of male and female crayfish collected from an area little affected by anthropogenic impacts. A total of 37 male and 32 female of Parastacus brasiliensis promatensis were collected over an annual cycle, and gill, muscle, hepatopancreas, and gonad samples were harvested and subjected to the aforementioned analyses via spectrophotometry. Comparison of the annual oxidative status response profile in gill and in hepatopancreas between males and females revealed differences only in SOD activity. In abdominal muscle, this comparison revealed a distinct profile of SOD and GST activity, as well as of lipid peroxidation. SOD activity in gonads of females increased in the summer when compared to autumn; conversely, CAT and GST levels did not differ over the year. During reproduction, a possible increase of the energy requirements led to an increase in lipid peroxidation in all tested tissues, in males and females alike. It was least evident in female gonad tissue, which suggests this tissue type is relatively protected; within this context, one may establish a tissue‐specific grading of Lipid Peroxidation intensity in females of the species during the spring: gonads < muscle < gills < hepatopancreas. Our results show that the responses of the defenses analyzed antioxidants, as well as lipid peroxidation levels, were sex and tissue dependent and a clear pattern of seasonal variation.
The neuropilin‐1 receptor mediates enhanced tumor delivery of H2K polyplexes
Authors: Leng Qixin , Mixson A. James 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundPromising plasmid‐based treatments have limited value without an effective delivery system. Recently, the linear H2K with a repeating ‐KHHK‐ pattern was determined to be an effective plasmid carrier to tumor xenografts in vivo. Although unpacking of the H2K polyplex within the tumor may have a role, the mechanism for the enhanced efficacy remains unclear.MethodsAfter solid‐phase synthesis of linear and branched histidine‐lysine (HK) peptide carriers of plasmids, the peptides were compared for their ability to lyse endosomes with a red blood cell model and to transfect MDA‐MB‐435 xenografts in the presence or absence of neuropilin‐1 receptor (NRP‐1) antibodies. To examine stability, polyplexes were incubated with trypsin or NaCl and then analyzed by electrophoresis.ResultsAfter screening peptides with a model for endosomal lysis at two pHs, the 33‐mer H3K peptide lysed red blood cells effectively at the lower pH. Combining H3K and H2K peptides as carriers of plasmids expressing luciferase were more effective than H2K alone. Based on the repeating ‐KHHK‐ sequences of H2K, we studied whether the widespread gene expression in the tumor may be mediated by NRP‐1. By blocking NRP‐1 in tumor‐bearing mice, luciferase activity in tumors delivered by HK polyplexes was reduced by 96%, whereas activity in normal tissues was minimally reduced.ConclusionsCombining an endosomolytic peptide, H3K, with H2K polyplexes as a carrier further enhanced transfection in vivo. Moreover, the widespread distribution of H2K polyplexes is mediated by NRP‐1, suggesting that transcytosis of these polyplexes through the tumor endothelium may lead to efficient transfection. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CYP gene family variants as potential protective factors in drug addiction in Han Chinese
Authors: Zhang Hongxing , Yang Qi , Zheng Wenkai , Ouyang Yongri , Yang Min , Wang Fengjiao , Jin Tianbo , Zhang Ji , Wang Zhenyuan 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundThere is growing evidence that genetic factors also contribute to drug addiction. The human cytochrome P450 has shown special interest because of pharmacokinetic variation in different individuals and populations, which is largely determined by the relevant genes. The present study aimed to investigate the polymorphism of the CYP/addicts relationship.MethodsWe genotyped 13 tag single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (tSNPs) from three genes, including 692 cases and 700 controls. Sequenom MassARRAY RS1000 (Sequenom, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA) was used for SNP genotyping. Statistical analysis of the association between tSNPs and drug addiction was performed using the chi‐squared test and SNP Stats software (http://bioinfo.iconcologia.net).ResultsThe T/T genotype of rs2242480 in CYP3A4 was associated with decreased risk in the recessive model (p = 0.0002). Allele frequency at rs3743484 in CYP1A2 showed significant differences between addicts and controls (p = 0.046; odds ratio = 0.80; 95% confidence interval = 0.65–1.00). In genetic model analyses, the minor C allele of rs3743484 in CYP1A2 was associated with a reduced risk of drug addiction based on analysis using codominant and additive models (p = 0.027 dominant model; p =0.038 additive model).ConclusionsOur findings show that at allelic and genotypic level polymorphisms in CYP3A4 and CYP1A2 are significantly associated with a reduced risk of drug addiction in X'ian Han Chinese individuals. However, this result needs to be confirmed in additional studies. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.