bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do visual cues associated with larger diameter trees influence host selection by Tetropium fuscum (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)?
Authors: Nelson Tyler D. , Sweeney Jon D. , Kirk Hillier Neil 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTetropium fuscum (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is an invasive phloeophagous beetle established in Atlantic Canada that infests stressed and moribund Picea Dietrich (Pinaceae) species. Successfully colonised trees tend to be large in diameter (>10 cm diameter at breast height), but whether diameter influences host selection, larval performance, or both, is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that T. fuscum host selection is influenced by visual cues associated with tree diameter by counting the number of adults landing on 29 Picea rubens Sargent ranging in diameter at breast height from 12.2 to 37.5 cm. All trees were wrapped with sticky bands and baited with aggregation pheromone and host volatiles to make them equally attractive with regard to olfactory cues. We found significant positive relationships between the mean number of T. fuscum per sticky band and tree diameter, and also between phloem thickness and tree diameter. We conclude that the positive association between host diameter and T. fuscum infestation is at least partially due to the positive influence of diameter on landing rate, and that this may benefit the beetle because larger diameter trees have more food for developing larvae. However, there was no effect of tree diameter on the mean number of adults per m2 of sticky band and thus no evidence that T. fuscum actively selects larger diameter hosts based on visual cues. The positive relationship between landing rate and host diameter may simply be due to greater chances of airborne beetles being passively intercepted on larger versus smaller trees.
Error Splitting Preservation for High Order Finite Difference Schemes in the Combination Technique
Authors: Hendricks Christian , Ehrhardt Matthias , Günther Michael 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn this paper we introduce high dimensional tensor product interpolation for the combination technique. In order to compute the sparse grid solution, the discrete numerical subsolutions have to be extended by interpolation. If unsuitable interpolation techniques are used, the rate of convergence is deteriorated. We derive the necessary framework to preserve the error structure of high order finite difference solutions of elliptic partial differential equations within the combination technique framework. This strategy enables us to obtain high order sparse grid solutions on the full grid. As exemplifications for the case of order four we illustrate our theoretical results by two test examples with up to four dimensions.
Numerical Effects of the Gaussian Recursive Filters in Solving Linear Systems in the 3Dvar Case Study
Authors: Cuomo Salvatore , Galletti Ardelio , Giunta Giulio , Marcellino Livia 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn many applications, the Gaussian convolution is approximately computed by means of recursive filters, with a significant improvement of computational efficiency. We are interested in theoretical and numerical issues related to such an use of recursive filters in a three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3Dvar) scheme as it appears in the software OceanVar. In that context, the main numerical problem consists in solving large linear systems with high efficiency, so that an iterative solver, namely the conjugate gradient method, is equipped with a recursive filter in order to compute matrix-vector multiplications that in fact are Gaussian convolutions. Here we present an error analysis that gives effective bounds for the perturbation on the solution of such linear systems, when is computed by means of recursive filters. We first prove that such a solution can be seen as the exact solution of a perturbed linear system. Then we study the related perturbation on the solution and we demonstrate that it can be bounded in terms of the difference between the two linear operators associated to the Gaussian convolution and the recursive filter, respectively. Moreover, we show through numerical experiments that the error on the solution, which exhibits a kind of edge effect, i.e. most of the error is localized in the first and last few entries of the computed solution, is due to the structure of the difference of the two linear operators.
La neuroéconomie : quelques éclairages sur un nouveau genre disciplinaire
Authors: Aimar Thierry 
Published: June 2017

L’article propose quelques éléments d’interprétation du développement de la neuroéconomie. Apparue à l’aube des années 2000, celle-ci s’appuie sur les récentes techniques d’investigation du cerveau pour déterminer les équivalents cérébraux des comportements économiques et étudier les processus de prise de décision sous-jacents. La neuroéconomie met ainsi en lumière les facteurs cognitifs et émotionnels qui sont à la base des actions humaines. Face au débat sur son utilité pour la discipline, l’objet de l’article est aussi de montrer par quelques exemples significatifs comment la neuroéconomie a permis d’enrichir le champ d’investigation de la théorie économique en éclairant des paradoxes expérimentaux et en élargissant l’espace des prévisions.
Évaluateurs évalués : évaluation diagnostique des compétences en évaluation des correcteurs d’une épreuve d’expression écrite à forts enjeux
Authors: Casanova Dominique , Demeuse Marc 
Published: June 2017

Les évaluateurs constituent un maillon essentiel des dispositifs d’évaluation des compétences langagières et doivent bénéficier d’un accompagnement continu pour maintenir la qualité des évaluations à un niveau satisfaisant. Cet article compare deux méthodes pour la détermination des profils de sévérité d’évaluateurs d’une épreuve d’expression écrite en français langue étrangère, à partir de leurs données de production. La première méthode s’inscrit dans le cadre de la théorie classique des tests et la seconde s’appuie sur la théorie de réponse aux items, par la mise en oeuvre d’un modèle multifacettes de Rasch. Les résultats concordants des deux méthodes montrent l’utilité de tenir compte de la sévérité des correcteurs aux différents points de césure pour améliorer la fidélité du test, même si cette dernière n’explique qu’une part limitée de la variance d’erreur. Ces informations permettent également de dresser des profils d’évaluation individuels des correcteurs, qui peuvent être exploités dans le cadre de leur suivi pour la mise en oeuvre d’actions de remédiation ciblées.
Co-designing with relationships in mind
Authors: Aguirre-Ulloa Manuela , Paulsen Adrian 
Published: June 2017

We need to move from object-oriented thinking towards relational thinking for many reasons. As public services become more complex, their design increasingly focuses on the relationships between people. The role of the traditional service staff is shifting from a ‘provider’ to an ‘enabler’ and ‘facilitator’ of relationships between service users, their peers, family or members of the civil service. Many agree that the future of public services relies on relational services, relational welfare and a relational state. Yet we don’t have a shared vocabulary to describe good relationships nor materials to design for services that support meaningful relationships. We visually perceive the world as fragmented parts rather than seeing the connection amongst the parts. This perception is integrated with cognition, therefore when mapping complex systems, nodes are emphasized over their relations in-between. Categorizing and color-coding types of systemic relations are useful to understand but not sufficient to shape complex social relationships. We propose a multi-sensory relational tool that aids public servants, designers and users in understanding social relationships through the use of material properties as new design materials. Testing this tool revealed that people are enabled, within a short timeframe, to create a shared relational vocabulary and use the tool to co-design new service concepts. However, future research needs to address how to move from theory to practice, hence from concepts to prototyping.
Relating Systems Thinking and Design III
Authors: Forlizzi Jodi , Sevaldson Birger , Ryan Alex 
Published: June 2017

This special issue of Form Akademisk captures some of the systemic design thinking and research presented at the RSD3 conference, held in Oslo, Norway in 2014, and the RSD4 conference, held in Banff, Canada in 2015. These two conferences offered a range of submissions encompassing the fields of design, systemics, public policy, healthcare, and other domains. This body of work explores the emerging renaissance of systems thinking in design. The papers presented here are responses to the world we live and design in, a world that is increasingly complex and increasingly problematic for those in government, industry and academia alike. We believe that the thinking and intervention developed at RSD3 and RSD4 is well poised to meet these challenges. In this issue, we offer two sets of papers; the first set focuses on frameworks and organizing concepts, and the second set focuses on methods and tools to aid in systemic design.
Integrating Systems Thinking and Storytelling
Authors: Ollove Maggie , Lteif Diala 
Published: June 2017

This paper explores the role of design in conflict resolution when doing so means balancing burdened pasts with present uncertainties. To prove its relevance in today’s complex problem spaces, design cannot remain stagnant; it must evolve alongside the pace of development. Designing within complexity is unprecedented. Yet, design can define structures that guide an understanding of this complexity. The methodology and case study described in this paper explore how systems thinking, storytelling and grounded theory can contribute to this understanding. The methodology aims to combine subjective perspectives with systemic analyses to create a collective narrative that reveals the multitude of individual understandings of conflicts. Ultimately, this methodology does not attempt to resolve conflict; instead, it aims to provide an in-depth diagnosis of a wicked problem and question the role of design therein.
Synthesis of β‐Keto Sulfones via Coupling of Aryl/Alkyl Halides, Sulfur Dioxide and Silyl Enolates through Metal‐Free Photoinduced C–X Bond Dissociation
Authors: Gong Xinxing , Ding Yechun , Fan Xiaona , Wu Jie 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA photoinduced sulfonylative coupling of aryl/alkyl halides, DABCO⋅(SO2)2 (1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane‐sulfur dioxide), and silyl enolates under metal‐free conditions has been developed, giving rise to β‐keto sulfones in good yields. This transformation proceeds smoothly at room temperature under ultraviolet irradiation with good tolerance of various functional groups. Aryl iodides/bromides and alkyl halides are all good substrates in the sulfonylative reaction. A plausible mechanism is proposed, which proceeds through a radical process under photoinduced conditions.magnified image
Effect of sol maturation on the preparation of luminescent ormosils
Authors: Liu Xiaobang , Li Wei , Li Xuefei , Wang Ying , Mao Zhengnan , Shen Shukun , Chen Jian Gang , Hu Daodao 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTAn UV‐polymerization approach was proposed to construct luminescence organic‐inorganic hybrid. Methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MAPTMS) was chosen as sol–gel precursor to prepare the host matrix and acrylic europium Eu(AA)3 was used as guest dopants. Structural modifications during irradiation were evident in both the inorganic and organic domains of the hybrid material. The influence of condensation degree of the silicate network on the photopolymerization kinetics of organic moieties was investigated. It appeared that the sol maturation time was of vital importance to the phase homogeneity and optical transparency of materials. To get more efficient copolymerization and higher luminescence intensity of the target ormosils, two key processing factors including incorporation time and entrapping concentration are reported. Incorporation time when acrylic europium was introduced into the matrix during sol maturation is found to be helpful to overcome phase separation. The effect of entrapping concentration of europium(III) compound on the luminescence performance was further studied. Material synthesized by this approach has three advantages: optical transparency with little phase separation, organic and inorganic composite with interpenetrating network, covalent grafting of acrylic europium without luminescent species leakage. This “photopolymerization of molecular grafting” strategy is hopeful to offer a promising development for luminescent ormosil glasses. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45146.
Synthesis, Optoelectronic and Self‐Assembly Properties of Diazadioxaacene Derivatives
Authors: Pan Huahang , Duan Jingdan , Zhai Guixia , Jin Pengcheng , Zhao Xiaohui , Jiang Li , Xiao Jinchong 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTwo novel diazadioxaacene derivatives (ADOP and ADOQ) have been successfully synthesized and characterized. Their single crystal analyses disclose that molecule ADOP forms a twisted topology configuration, whereas ADOQ adopts reclining‐chair architecture. Both of them emit strong blue fluorescence in organic solvents. Moreover, they can self‐assemble to form regular nanobelts and nanowires, respectively, via a simple surfactant‐assisted method.
Formation of BiFeO3 from a Binary Oxide Superlattice Grown by Atomic Layer Deposition
Authors: Plokhikh Aleksandr V. , Falmbigl Matthias , Golovina Iryna S. , Akbashev Andrew R. , Karateev Igor A. , Presnyakov Mikhail Y. , Vasiliev Alexander L. , Spanier Jonathan E. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe report on the growth of polycrystalline BiFeO3 thin films on SiO2/Si(001) and Pt(111) substrates by atomic layer deposition using the precursors ferrocene, triphenyl‐bismuth, and ozone. By growing alternating layers of Fe2O3 and Bi2O3, we employ a superlattice approach and demonstrate an efficient control of the cation stoichiometry. The superlattice decay and the resulting formation of polycrystalline BiFeO3 films are studied by in situ X‐ray diffraction, in situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. No intermediate ternary phases are formed and BiFeO3 crystallization is initiated in the Bi2O3 layers at 450 °C following the diffusion‐driven intermixing of the cations. Our study of the BiFeO3 formation provides an insight into the complex interplay between microstructural evolution, grain growth, and bismuth oxide evaporation, with implications for optimization of ferroelectric properties.
Structural Variation of Carbazole Derivatives for Plastic Scintillation Applications
Authors: Montbarbon Eva , Sguerra Fabien , Bertrand Guillaume H. V. , Gaillard Sylvain , Renaud Jean‐Luc , Pansu Robert B. , Hamel Matthieu 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe preparation of various plastic scintillators with embedded carbazole moieties is reported. As a result of their versatility and advantageous luminescence properties, this system is a candidate of choice for such applications. Through careful system design, the carbazole in the system can have a variety of functions, for example as the polymer matrix, as the primary fluorophore or as the secondary fluorophore. For systems in which carbazole is embedded in the polymer matrix, poly(Nvinylcarbazole) (PVK) and poly(styrene‐co‐N‐vinylcarbazole) were prepared by bulk radical polymerization. For application as a primary or secondary fluorophore, N‐(2‐ethylhexyl)carbazole (EHCz) is a particularly suitable molecule. When used at a low concentration it can act either as a primary fluorophore (when coupled with 1,4‐bis(5‐phenyloxazol‐2‐yl) (POPOP) or bis‐(2‐methylstyryl)benzene (bis‐MSB) as the wavelength shifter), or as both primary and secondary fluorophore if the concentration inside the polymer matrix is high. The performance of EHCz was compared with the related molecule N‐(ethyl)carbazole. Finally, another carbazole‐containing molecule 2,4,5,6tetrakis(carbazol‐9‐yl)‐1,3‐dicyanobenzene was loaded in a polymer matrix as the secondary fluorophore. Scintillation results show its efficiency to shift the scintillation response to wavelengths close to 500 nm. The preparation and primary photophysical properties of each of these new plastic scintillators was reported, in addition to the scintillation properties of each. These results highlight the potential application of carbazole derivatives as fluorophores for nuclear detection.
A Perylene‐Based Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Electron Donor for a Highly Efficient Solar Cell Dye
Authors: Wang Junting , Wu Heng , Jin Linrui , Zhang Jing , Yuan Yi , Wang Peng 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe continuing efforts to develop novel polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and exploit them as building blocks to create organic donor–acceptor (D–A) dyes with impressive excited‐state features should offer an excellent means by which to improve the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). To this end, a nonacyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, N‐annulated benzoindenopentaphene (NBIP) was tethered with multiple solubilizing groups, including NBIPs with one 2‐hexyldecyl, with one 2‐hexyldecyloxy, and with four 4‐hexylphenyl substituents. The side‐ and end‐chain‐functionalized NBIPs can be conveniently prepared in excellent yield, and further cross‐coupled with 4‐(7‐ethynylbenzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazol‐4‐yl)benzoic acid to afford a metal‐free D–A dye, which achieves a high power conversion efficiency of 12.6 % under AM1.5G illumination in DSSCs without need for any coadsorbent.
Efficacy of a high‐observation protocol in major head and neck cancer surgery: A prospective study
Authors: Barber Brittany , Harris Jeffrey , Shillington Cameron , Rychlik Shannon , Dort Joseph , Meier Michael , Estey Angela , Elwi Adam , Wickson Patty , Buss Michael , Zygun David , Ansari Kal , Biron Vincent , O'Connell Daniel , Seikaly Hadi 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to optimize an existing clinical care pathway (CCP) for head and neck cancer with a high‐observation protocol (HOP) and to determine the effect on length of intensive care unit (ICU) admission and length of stay in hospital (LOS).MethodsThe HOP mandated initiation of spontaneous breathing trials before the conclusion of the surgery, weaning of sedation, and limiting mechanical ventilation. All patients with head and neck cancer undergoing primary surgery on the HOP were compared to a historical cohort regarding length of ICU admission, ICU readmissions, and LOS.ResultsNinety‐six and 52 patients were observed in “historical” and “HOP” cohorts. The length of ICU admission (1.9 vs 1.2 days; p = .021), LOS (20.3 vs 14.1 days; p = .020), and ICU readmissions (10.4% vs 1.9%; p = .013) were significantly decreased in the “HOP” cohort.ConclusionRapid weaning of sedation and limiting mechanical ventilation may contribute to a shorter length of ICU admission and LOS, as well as decreased ICU readmissions. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 1689–1695, 2016
A cross‐sectional analysis of Kenyan postabortion care services using a nationally representative sample
Authors: Mutua Michael M. , Achia Thomas N.O. , Maina Beatrice W. , Izugbara Chimaraoke O. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo assess quality of postabortion care (PAC) offered by Kenyan healthcare facilities.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was conducted using data from the Incidence and Magnitude of Unsafe Abortions study, conducted among 326 PAC‐providing healthcare facilities throughout Kenya from March 13 to June 30, 2012. Descriptive results with weighted proportions and an ordered probit model were used.ResultsOverall, 408 (41.8%) first‐trimester PAC cases were treated using appropriate technology versus 826 (82.6%) second‐trimester cases. Private healthcare facilities lagged behind public healthcare facilities on the use of appropriate technology: 264 (47.5%) public and 144 (33.1%) private facilities used such technology for first‐trimester abortion, and 664 (89.6%) public versus 162 (68.8%) private for second‐trimester abortions). Most healthcare facilities (251, 70.7%) had at least one provider trained in PAC. A total of 273 (80.7%) healthcare facilities reported offering contraception to all PAC patients, mainly short‐acting methods. Delivery of PAC services depended on the availability of separate evacuation room (public level 2–3: odds ratio [OR] 22.93; public level 4–6: OR 77.14), and the number of family planning methods offered within the facility (public level 2–3: OR 1.38; public level 4–6 OR 1.57; private level 2–3: OR 2.27; private level 4–5: 4.89).ConclusionEffective monitoring of PAC services, particularly among private healthcare facilities, might improve overall quality of services.
Decomposing economic mobility transition matrices
Authors: Richey Jeremiah , Rosburg Alicia 
Published: June 2017

SummaryWe present a decomposition method for transition matrices to identify forces driving the persistence of economic status across generations. The method decomposes differences between an estimated transition matrix and a benchmark transition matrix into portions attributable to differences in characteristics between individuals from different households (a composition effect) and portions attributable to differing returns to these characteristics (a structure effect). A detailed decomposition based on copula theory further decomposes the composition effect into portions attributable to specific characteristics and their interactions. To examine potential drivers of economic persistence in the USA, we apply the method to white males from the 1979 US National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. Depending on the transition matrix entry of interest, differing characteristics between sons from different households explain between 40% and 70% of observed income persistence, with differing returns for these characteristics explaining the remaining gap. Further, detailed decompositions reveal significant heterogeneity in the role played by specific characteristics (e.g., education) across the income distribution.