bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Basin- and Local-Scale Environmental Conditions on Nearshore Production in the Northeast Pacific Ocean
Authors: Biela Vanessa R. , Zimmerman Christian E. , Kruse Gordon H. , Mueter Franz J. , Black Bryan A. , Douglas David C. , Bodkin James L. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Nearshore marine habitats are productive and vulnerable owing to their connections to pelagic and terrestrial landscapes. To understand how ocean basin- and local-scale conditions may influence nearshore species, we developed an annual index of nearshore production (spanning the period 1972–2010) from growth increments recorded in otoliths of representative pelagic-feeding (Black Rockfish Sebastes melanops) and benthic-feeding (Kelp Greenling Hexagrammos decagrammus) nearshore-resident fishes at nine sites in the California Current and Alaska Coastal Current systems. We explored the influence of basin- and local-scale conditions across all seasons at lags of up to 2 years to represent changes in prey quantity (1- or 2-year time lags) and quality (within-year relationships). Relationships linking fish growth to basin-scale (Pacific Decadal Oscillation, North Pacific Gyre Oscillation, and multivariate El Niño–Southern Oscillation index) and local-scale (sea surface temperature, sea surface height anomalies, upwelling index, photosynthetically active radiation, and freshwater discharge) environmental conditions varied by species and current system. Growth of Black Rockfish increased with cool basin-scale conditions in the California Current and warm local-scale conditions in the Alaska Coastal Current, consistent with existing hypotheses linking climate to pelagic production on continental shelves in the respective regions. Relationships for Kelp Greenlings in the California Current were complex, with faster growth related to within-year warm conditions and lagged-year cool conditions. These opposing, lag-dependent relationships may reflect differences in conditions that promote quantity versus quality of benthic invertebrate prey in the California Current. Thus, we hypothesize that benthic production is maximized by alternating cool and warm years, as benthic invertebrate recruitment is food limited during warm years while growth is temperature limited by cool years in the California Current. On the other hand, Kelp Greenlings grew faster during and subsequent to warm conditions at basin and local scales in the Alaska Coastal Current.
Received November 3, 2015; accepted May 5, 2016
Cosmology with the Square Kilometre Array by SKA-Japan
Authors: Yamauchi Daisuke , Ichiki Kiyotomo , Kohri Kazunori , Namikawa Toshiya , Oyama Yoshihiko , Sekiguchi Toyokazu , Shimabukuro Hayato , Takahashi Keitaro , Takahashi Tomo , Yokoyama Shuichiro , Yoshikawa Kohji 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
In the past several decades, the standard cosmological model has been established and its parameters have been measured to a high precision, while there are still many fundamental questions in cosmology; such as the physics in the very early universe, the origin of the cosmic acceleration, and the nature of dark matter. The forthcoming radio telescope, the Square Kilometre Array (SKA), which will be the world's largest, will be able to open a new frontier in cosmology and will be one of the most powerful tools for cosmology in the coming decade. The cosmological surveys conducted by the SKA would have the potential not only to answer these fundamental questions but also deliver precision cosmology. In this article we briefly review the role of the SKA from the viewpoint of modern cosmology. The cosmological science led by the SKA-Japan Consortium (SKA-JP) Cosmology Science Working Group is also discussed.
Loss of Conventional Melanocytic Markers in Malignant Melanoma and Lymph Node Metastasis; an Uncommon but Dangerous Pitfall
Authors: Chang Oliver , Argenyi Zsolt 
Published: October 2016

Abstract:Although malignant melanomas exhibit a wide range of immunophenotypes, concurrent loss of all 3 conventional melanocytic markers (S-100, Melan-A, and HMB-45) is relatively rare. We report a case of primary malignant melanoma with lymph node metastasis, both exhibiting loss of immunoreactivity for conventional melanocytic markers, while aberrantly expressing epithelial antigenicity (pancytokeratin, CAM 5.2).
Concomitant Cutaneous Langerhans Cell Hystiocytosis and Leukemia Cutis
Authors: Pina-Oviedo Sergio , Torres-Cabala Carlos A. , Miranda Roberto N. , Tetzlaff Michael T. , Singh Selina , Rapini Ronald P. , Prieto Victor G. , Aung Phyu P. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract:
Leukemia cutis develops in <4% of all acute leukemias. Concurrent acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is rare, with most cases involving lymph nodes or spleen, and no cutaneous involvement. We report the case of a 59-year-old man who presented with fever, malaise, and fatigue. The CBC showed leukocytosis (30.4 × 109/L, 9% blasts), anemia, and thrombocytopenia. Bone marrow biopsy was diagnosed with AML, not otherwise specified, with mutations of FLT3 and IDH2 (R140Q). The patient developed skin rash on the right flank with the clinical differential diagnosis of herpes simplex virus or varicella-zoster virus infection/reactivation versus leukemia cutis. A skin biopsy showed leukemia cutis in mid and deep dermis. Immunohistochemistry positive for CD4, CD33, CD117, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) supported myeloid and monocytic differentiation. Clusters of Langerhans cells positive for S100, CD1a, CD4, langerin and aberrant CD33 and MPO were found admixed with the AML cells. Langerhans cells were negative for BRAF V600E by immunohistochemistry. The diagnosis of leukemia cutis and concomitant LCH was established. The aberrant expression of CD33 and MPO shared by AML and LCH suggests a possible relationship among these 2 lesions. No LCH or Langerhans cell differentiation was found in the bone marrow. The patient achieved complete remission 4 months after chemotherapy and the skin lesions resolved. To our knowledge, we present for the first time a case of concomitant cutaneous LCH and leukemia cutis.
Vaginal erbium laser as second-generation thermotherapy for the genitourinary syndrome of menopause: a pilot study in breast cancer survivors
Authors: Gambacciani Marco , Levancini Marco 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

Objective:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and acceptability of a second generation of vaginal laser treatment, the vaginal erbium laser, as a nonablative photothermal therapy for the management of genitourinary syndrome of menopause in postmenopausal breast cancer survivors.

Methods:
The study was performed using an erbium laser crystal yttrium-aluminum-garnet (XS Fotona Smooth, Fotona, Ljubljana, Slovenia) with a wavelength of 2,940 nm. Forty-three postmenopausal breast cancer survivors were treated with three laser applications every 30 days. Symptoms were assessed before the treatment and after 1, 3, 6, 12, and 18 months, using two methods, subjective Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and objective Vaginal Health Index Score (VHIS). The procedures were performed on an outpatient basis without anesthesia or drug use before or after the intervention.

Results:
From baseline values of 8.5 ± 1.0 cm, vaginal dryness VAS scores were 4.4 ± 1.2 cm after the third treatment and 5.5 ± 1.5 cm 12 months after the treatment (P < 0.01 vs basal values), whereas they were 7.5 ± 1.8 cm after 18 months from the last laser application (NS vs basal values). From baseline values of 7.5 ± 1.5 cm, dyspareunia VAS values decreased to 4.2 ± 0.9 cm after the third treatment and 5.1 ± 1.8 cm 12 months from the last laser application (P < 0.01 vs basal values), whereas they were 6.5 ± 1.8 cm after 18 months from the last laser application (NS vs basal values). VHIS, from baseline values of 8.1 ± 1.3, was 21.0 ± 1.4 after the third treatment and 18 ± 1.8 12 months from the last laser application (P < 0.01 vs basal values), whereas they were 14.8 ± 1.5 cm after 18 months from the last laser application (NS vs basal values). No adverse events were recorded during the study.

Conclusions:
This study suggests that the vaginal erbium laser is effective and safe for the treatment of genitourinary syndrome of menopause in breast cancer survivors.
Effects of aerobic exercise training on ACE and ADRB2 gene expression, plasma angiotensin II level, and flow-mediated dilation: a study on obese postmenopausal women with prehypertension
Authors: Azadpour Noushin , Tartibian Bakhtyar , Koşar Şükran Nazan 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

Objective:
The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of 10 weeks of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise training (MIET) on blood pressure (BP), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and β2-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) gene expression in leukocytes, plasma angiotensin II (Ang II), and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in obese postmenopausal women (PMW) with prehypertension.

Methods:
Twenty-four obese prehypertensive PMW (aged 50-70 y; body mass index ≥30 kg/m2) randomly assigned to control (n = 12) and exercise (n = 12) groups. Exercise group performed MIET (25-40 min/d, 3 d/wk at 50%-70% of heart rate reserve) for 10 weeks. Control group maintained their normal daily physical activity level. Body composition, VO2
max, BP, ACE and ADRB2 gene expression, plasma Ang II, and FMD were measured before and after the training program.

Results:
After MIET, systolic and diastolic BPs decreased by 4.6% and 2.4%, respectively (P < 0.001). Plasma Ang II level decreased by 45.7%, whereas FMD increased by 86% in the exercise group (P < 0.001). Exercise training resulted in a threefold increase in ADRB2 and a fourfold decrease in ACE gene expressions (P < 0.05). Training-induced changes in BP inversely associated with the changes in FMD and ADRB2 (r values range −0.55 to −0.78), and positively associated with Ang II and ACE (r values range 0.68-0.86) (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Ten weeks of MIET modulates ACE and ADRB2 gene expression, decreases Ang II plasma levels, and improves endothelial function in obese PMW, and these alterations are associated with reduction in BP.
Time-to-First Discontinuation, Adherence and Persistence in New Users of Second-Generation Antipsychotics
Authors: Ndukwe Henry C. , Nishtala Prasad S. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Consensus guidelines which are applicable in New Zealand and worldwide recommend that the duration of exposure to antipsychotics not exceed 12 weeks, unless justified for mental illnesses like schizophrenia and severe psychotic symptoms which require longer treatment. There has been limited information on time-to-first discontinuation (TTFD) for second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) in a real world population setting in older people. The study objective was to compare TTFD, adherence, and persistence for individual SGA new users among people 65 years and older. A cohort of 30,297 SGA new users was followed up for antipsychotic discontinuation from January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2012. Data for oral formulations were extracted using health care databases from the New Zealand Ministry of Health. The TTFD, adherence, and persistence were defined using (dispensing gap ≥ 91 days, variable medication possession ratio ≥ 0.8, and gap duration < 91 days between refills), respectively. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression analysis were used to estimate and adjust for outcomes. The overall TTFD in SGA new users was 192.3 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 177.6–206.9), mean age at dispensing was 80.9 years (SD, 8.1 years), and 60.3% were women. The TTFD for was shortest for risperidone, 101.3 days (95% CI, 85.0–117.7; P = 0.03) compared with clozapine, 68.3 days (95% CI: 43.7, 92.9). The adjusted all-cause TTFD risk for risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine, or ziprasidone (hazard ratios, 0.54, 0.29, 0.22, and 0.08, respectively) was significantly lower than clozapine. The TTFD risk in the nonadherent compared with the adherent group was more than 3 times.
Teflon Injection into the Trachea Causes Predictable Fibroblastic Response and Collagen Deposition
Authors: Longoria Javier A. , Fujiwara Miwa , Guerra Catalina , Lee Jeffrey L. , Sassoon Catherine S.H. , Mazdisnian Farhad 
Published: October 2016

Background:
Expiratory central airway collapse is an increasingly recognized abnormality of the central airways and may be present in as many as 22% of patients evaluated for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and/or asthma. Many current treatment options require invasive procedures that have been shown to cause significant morbidity and mortality. To test the hypothesis that Teflon injection will induce sufficient fibroblast proliferation and collagen deposition, we evaluated the time course on the effect of Teflon injection in the posterior membranous trachea on the histopathology of the tracheobronchial tree.

Methods:
Six Yucatan Pigs were assigned to undergo general anesthesia and injection of 0.3 to 0.5 mL of sterile Teflon paste in 50% glycerin into the posterior membranous tracheal wall. A control pig received an equivalent volume of glycerin. Animals were euthanized in predefined intervals and tracheas were excised and examined under light microscopy for identifying fibroblast proliferation and collagen deposition.

Results:
Compared with the control pig, the Teflon injection site showed tissue reaction of fibrohistiocytic proliferation and subsequent collagen deposition in all animals. Furthermore, the increased fibroblast proliferation and collagen deposition were time dependent (P<0.01).

Conclusion:
This pilot study demonstrates histopathologic changes in the trachea after Teflon injection, comprised of increased fibroblast activity and collagen deposition that could be of potential use in creating greater airway rigidity in patients with sever diffuse excessive dynamic airway collapse.
Posterior Fossa Spontaneous Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks
Authors: Wick Cameron C. , Killeen Daniel E. , Clark Michael , Kutz Joe Walter , Isaacson Brandon 
Published: October 2016

Objective:
Describe the diagnosis and management of spontaneous lateral skull base cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks that originate from the posterior fossa.

Study Design:
Retrospective case review.

Setting:
Tertiary university hospital.

Patients:
Adult patients from 2005 to 2015 who underwent surgical repair of a spontaneous lateral skull base CSF leak with intraoperative confirmation of a posterior fossa leak source.

Intervention:
Surgical repair.

Main Outcome Measures:
CSF leak resolution.

Results:
Five patients had CSF leaks from the posterior fossa. The mean age at presentation was 54 years old (range, 19–79), the mean body mass index (BMI) was 32.6 (standard deviation [SD], 8.4), and the mean follow-up length was 34.6 months (SD, 19.4). Presentations did not differ from CSF leaks through middle fossa defects, including three patients with a history of meningitis and all patients with clear otorrhea following tympanostomy tube placement. All patients had resolution of the leak after surgical repair, but two patients required revision surgery for persistent leaks and one patient had a postoperative infection. Surgical approaches included one middle fossa, two transmastoid, one combined middle fossa/transmastoid, and one transcanal. Radiographic studies suggested a posterior fossa source in all cases but findings were often subtle.

Conclusion:
Posterior fossa CSF leaks represent a rare subset of spontaneous lateral skull base leaks. Diligent radiographic review and intraoperative assessment of the posterior fossa plate are crucial. The size and location of the defect dictates the optimal surgical approach. Surgeons should consider a posterior fossa source in failed repairs or when the initial surgery did not fully evaluate the posterior fossa plate.
Why are patients still getting and dying from acute kidney injury?
Authors: Kellum John A. 
Published: October 2016

Purpose of review
Acute kidney injury is common and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Rates of acute kidney injury in most settings remain high and in some settings are increasing. Moreover, outcomes associated with acute kidney injury remain relatively poor. This review focuses on recent advances in understanding of acute kidney injury and discusses possible interventions based on these advances.

Recent findings
Acute kidney injury is not a disease with a single etiology and clinical course but rather a loose collection of syndromes whose unifying phenotype is an acute loss of glomerular filtration. Traditional taxonomy based on anatomic locations (pre, intra, and post) in reference to the kidney is overly simplistic and has given way to specific ‘endotypes’ including hepatorenal, cardiorenal, nephrotoxic, and sepsis-associated and these syndromes all have unique pathophysiologies and treatments. Our tendency to lump all of these clinical syndromes into a single disease and seek a single treatment has led to the profound lack of progress observed in terms of improving outcomes. The hope is that this is about to change.

Summary
Understanding the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and pathophysiology of acute kidney injury is critical to achieving improved outcomes for the millions of patients who develop this loose constellation of syndromes.
How well can we quantify dust deposition to the ocean?
Authors: Anderson R. F. , Cheng H. , Edwards R. L. , Fleisher M. Q. , Hayes C. T. , Huang K.-F. , Kadko D. , Lam P. J. , Landing W. M. , Lao Y. , Lu Y. , Measures C. I. , Moran S. B. , Morton P. L. , Ohnemus D. C. , Robinson L. F. , Shelley R. U. 
Published: October 2016

Deposition of continental mineral aerosols (dust) in the Eastern Tropical North Atlantic Ocean, between the coast of Africa and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, was estimated using several strategies based on the measurement of aerosols, trace metals dissolved in seawater, particulate material filtered from the water column, particles collected by sediment traps and sediments. Most of the data used in this synthesis involve samples collected during US GEOTRACES expeditions in 2010 and 2011, although some results from the literature are also used. Dust deposition generated by a global model serves as a reference against which the results from each observational strategy are compared. Observation-based dust fluxes disagree with one another by as much as two orders of magnitude, although most of the methods produce results that are consistent with the reference model to within a factor of 5. The large range of estimates indicates that further work is needed to reduce uncertainties associated with each method before it can be applied routinely to map dust deposition to the ocean. Calculated dust deposition using observational strategies thought to have the smallest uncertainties is lower than the reference model by a factor of 2–5, suggesting that the model may overestimate dust deposition in our study area.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Biological and climatic impacts of ocean trace element chemistry’.
Coastal ocean and shelf-sea biogeochemical cycling of trace elements and isotopes: lessons learned from GEOTRACES
Authors: Charette Matthew A. , Lam Phoebe J. , Lohan Maeve C. , Kwon Eun Young , Hatje Vanessa , Jeandel Catherine , Shiller Alan M. , Cutter Gregory A. , Thomas Alex , Boyd Philip W. , Homoky William B. , Milne Angela , Thomas Helmuth , Andersson Per S. , Porcelli Don , Tanaka Takahiro , Geibert Walter , Dehairs Frank , Garcia-Orellana Jordi 
Published: October 2016

Continental shelves and shelf seas play a central role in the global carbon cycle. However, their importance with respect to trace element and isotope (TEI) inputs to ocean basins is less well understood. Here, we present major findings on shelf TEI biogeochemistry from the GEOTRACES programme as well as a proof of concept for a new method to estimate shelf TEI fluxes. The case studies focus on advances in our understanding of TEI cycling in the Arctic, transformations within a major river estuary (Amazon), shelf sediment micronutrient fluxes and basin-scale estimates of submarine groundwater discharge. The proposed shelf flux tracer is 228-radium (
T
1/2
= 5.75 yr), which is continuously supplied to the shelf from coastal aquifers, sediment porewater exchange and rivers. Model-derived shelf
228
Ra fluxes are combined with TEI/
228
Ra ratios to quantify ocean TEI fluxes from the western North Atlantic margin. The results from this new approach agree well with previous estimates for shelf Co, Fe, Mn and Zn inputs and exceed published estimates of atmospheric deposition by factors of approximately 3–23. Lastly, recommendations are made for additional GEOTRACES process studies and coastal margin-focused section cruises that will help refine the model and provide better insight on the mechanisms driving shelf-derived TEI fluxes to the ocean.

This article is part of the themed issue ‘Biological and climatic impacts of ocean trace element chemistry’.
Phylogenetic Characterization of the Energy-taxis Receptor Aer inPseudomonasand Phenotypic Characterization inP. pseudoalcaligenesKF707
Authors: Booth Sean C. , Turner Raymond J. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractChemotaxis allows bacteria to sense gradients in their environment and respond by directing their swimming. Aer is a receptor that, instead of responding to a specific chemoattractant, allows bacteria to sense cellular energy levels and move towards favourable environments. InPseudomonas, the number of apparent Aer homologs differs between the only two species it had been characterized in,P. aeruginosaandP. putida. Here we combined bioinformatic approaches with deletional mutagenesis inP. pseudoalcaligenesKF707 to further characterize Aer. It was determined that the number of Aer homologs varies between 0-4 throughout thePseudomonasgenus, and they were phylogenetically classified into 5 subgroups. We also used sequence analysis to show that these homologous receptors differ in their HAMP signal transduction domains. Genetic analysis also indicated that some Aer homologs have likely been subject to horizontal transfer.P. pseudoalcaligenesKF707 was unique among species for having three Aer homologs as well as the receptors CttP and McpB. Phenotypic characterization in this species showed the most prevalent homolog of Aer was key, but not essential for energy-taxis. This study demonstrates that energy-taxis inPseudomonasvaries between species and provides a new naming convention and associated phylogenetic details for Aer chemoreceptors.
Neuropilin 1 sequestration by neuropathogenic mutant glycyl-tRNA synthetase is permissive to vascular development and homeostasis
Authors: Sleigh James N. , Gómez-Martín Adriana , Schiavo Giampietro 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIt remains a mystery how dominantly inherited mutations in the housekeeping geneGARS, which encodes glycyl-tRNA synthetase (GlyRS), mediate selective peripheral nerve toxicity resulting in the currently incurable Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2D (CMT2D). A recent study identified the transmembrane receptor protein neuropilin 1 (Nrp1) as a substrate for aberrant extracellular binding of mutant GlyRS. Formation of the Nrp1/mutant GlyRS complex antagonises the interaction of Nrp1 with one of its main natural ligands, vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), contributing to neurodegeneration. Reduced binding of Nrp1 to VEGF-A is known to disrupt blood vessel development and growth. We therefore analysed capillary architecture at early and later symptomatic time points in CMT2D mouse muscles, retina, and sciatic nerve, as well as in embryonic hindbrain. Assessing capillary diameter, density, and branching, we observed no differences between wild-type and mutant animals from embryonic development to three months, spanning the duration over which numerous sensory and neuromuscular phenotypes manifest. This work indicates that mutant GlyRS-mediated disruption of Nrp1/VEGF-A signalling is permissive to capillary maturation and maintenance in CMT2D mice.Summary StatementAlthough the multi-functional neuropilin 1/VEGF-A signalling pathway is impaired by dominant pathogenic GlyRS variants, the vascular system remains unperturbed inGarsmutant mice.