bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synergistic effect of phosphorus‐containing silane coupling agent with alumina trihydrate in ethylene‐vinyl acetate composites
Authors: Wu Bo , Kong Weibo , Hu Kai , Fu Xiaowei , Lei Jingxin , Zhou Changlin 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA new interfacial modifier containing silicon and phosphorus has been developed to improve the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of ethylene‐vinyl acetate (EVA)/alumina trihydrate (ATH) composites. The EVA/ATH composites were prepared via blending EVA pellets with different kinds of ATH particles. The results showed a synergistic effect of phosphorus‐containing silane coupling agent (DOSA) and ATH particles on the flame retardancy of EVA composites. When compared with pure EVA of 19.1, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value was increased to 31.4. This was the result of the formation of a charred layer and the enhanced compatibilities between inorganic particles and polymer matrix. The experimental results also showed that the modified ATH particles by using synthesized DOSA led to an increase in mechanical properties. The improvement on the mechanical and thermal properties of EVA composites was mostly attributed to the better dispersion ability of the modified ATH particles in the polymer matrix and a synergistic effect between the DOSA and ATH particles. The char‐formation ability of EVA composites has also been analyzed and the synthesized DOSA has shown a positive effect.
Synthesis, Structures, and Electronic Properties of Dithienosiloles Bearing Bulky Aryl Groups: Conjugation between a π‐Electron System and “Perpendicular” Aryl Groups
Authors: Tsurusaki Akihiro , Kobayashi Atsushi , Kyushin Soichiro 
Published: February 2017

AbstractDithienosiloles bearing 2,4,6‐triisopropylphenyl (Tip) and mesityl (Mes) groups at the 2,6‐positions have been synthesized, and their structures and electronic properties have been examined. X‐ray crystallography showed that the bulky aryl groups have a nearly perpendicular orientation to dithienosilole. In the UV/Vis spectra, the lowest energy absorption bands of these dithienosiloles are shifted bathochromically compared to that of the hydrogen‐substituted analog. Theoretical calculations showed that the electronic effect of the bulky aryl groups can be explained by the σ–π and σ*–π* conjugation between the σ and σ* orbitals of the C−C bonds of the perpendicular benzene rings and the π and π* orbitals of the dithienosilole moiety. Furthermore, these dithienosiloles show intense blue fluorescence with high fluorescence quantum yields, as an effect of the perpendicular bulky aryl groups.
Human grooming in comparative perspective: People in six small‐scale societies groom less but socialize just as much as expected for a typical primate
Authors: Jaeggi Adrian V. , Kramer Karen L. , Hames Raymond , Kiely Evan J. , Gomes Cristina , Kaplan Hillard , Gurven Michael 
Published: February 2017

AbstractObjectivesGrooming has important utilitarian and social functions in primates but little is known about grooming and its functional analogues in traditional human societies. We compare human grooming to typical primate patterns to test its hygienic and social functions.Materials and MethodsBayesian phylogenetic analyses were used to derive expected human grooming time given the potential associations between grooming, group size, body size, terrestriality, and several climatic variables across 69 primate species. This was compared against observed times dedicated to grooming, other hygienic behavior, and conversation among the Maya, Pumé, Sanöma, Tsimane', Yanomamö, and Ye'kwana (mean number of behavioral scans = 23,514).ResultsExpected grooming time for humans was 4% (95% Credible Interval = 0.07%–14%), similar to values observed in primates, based largely on terrestriality and phylogenetic signal (mean λ = 0.56). No other covariates strongly associated with grooming across primates. Observed grooming time across societies was 0.8%, lower than 89% of the expected values. However, the observed times dedicated to any hygienic behavior (3.0%) or “vocal grooming,” that is conversation (7.3%), fell within the expected range.ConclusionsWe found (i) that human grooming may be a (recent) phylogenetic outlier when defined narrowly as parasite removal but not defined broadly as personal hygiene, (ii) there was no support for thermoregulatory functions of grooming, and (iii) no support for the “vocal grooming” hypothesis of language having evolved as a less time‐consuming means of bonding. Thus, human grooming reflects decreased hygienic needs, but similar social needs compared to primate grooming.
Pharmacogenetics of antiepileptic drug efficacy in childhood absence epilepsy
Authors: Glauser Tracy A. , Holland Katherine , O’Brien Valerie P. , Keddache Mehdi , Martin Lisa J. , Clark Peggy O. , Cnaan Avital , Dlugos Dennis , Hirtz Deborah G. , Shinnar Shlomo , Grabowski Gregory ,   for the Childhood Absence Epilepsy Study Group
Published: February 2017

ObjectiveTo determine whether common polymorphisms in CACNA1G, CACNA1H, CACNA1I, and ABCB1 are associated with differential short‐term seizure outcome in childhood absence epilepsy (CAE).MethodsFour hundred forty‐six CAE children in a randomized double‐blind trial of ethosuximide, lamotrigine, and valproate had short‐term seizure outcome determined. Associations between polymorphisms (minor allele frequency ≥ 15%) in 4 genes and seizure outcomes were assessed. In vitro electrophysiology on transfected CACNA1H channels determined impact of 1 variant on T‐type calcium channel responsiveness to ethosuximide.ResultsEighty percent (357 of 446) of subjects had informative short‐term seizure status (242 seizure free, 115 not seizure free). In ethosuximide subjects, 2 polymorphisms (CACNA1H rs61734410/P640L, CACNA1I rs3747178) appeared more commonly among not–seizure‐free participants (p = 0.011, odds ratio [OR] = 2.63, 95% confidence limits [CL] = 1.25–5.56; p = 0.026, OR = 2.38, 95% CL = 1.11–5.00). In lamotrigine subjects, 1 ABCB1 missense polymorphism (rs2032582/S893A; p = 0.015, OR = 2.22, 95% CL = 1.16–4.17) was more common in not–seizure‐free participants, and 2 CACNA1H polymorphisms (rs2753326, rs2753325) were more common in seizure‐free participants (p = 0.038, OR = 0.52, 95% CL = 0.28–0.96). In valproate subjects, no common polymorphisms were associated with seizure status. In vitro electrophysiological studies showed no effect of the P640L polymorphism on channel physiology in the absence of ethosuximide. Ethosuximide's effect on rate of decay of CaV3.2 was significantly less for P640L channel compared to wild‐type channel.InterpretationFour T‐type calcium channel variants and 1 ABCB1 transporter variant were associated with differential drug response in CAE. The in vivo P640L variant's ethosuximide effect was confirmed by in vitro electrophysiological studies. This suggests that genetic variation plays a role in differential CAE drug response. Ann Neurol 2017;81:444–453
Stochastic Point‐to‐Point Iterative Learning Control Based on Stochastic Approximation
Authors: Xu Yun , Shen Dong , Zhang Xiao‐Dong 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAn iterative learning control algorithm with iteration decreasing gain is proposed for stochastic point‐to‐point tracking systems. The almost sure convergence and asymptotic properties of the proposed recursive algorithm are strictly proved. The selection of learning gain matrix is given. An illustrative example shows the effectiveness and asymptotic trajectory properties of the proposed approach.
Aktives Verformen von ausgehärteten Betonelementen zur Herstellung von räumlich gekrümmten Betonflächen
Authors: Kromoser Benjamin , Kollegger Johann 
Published: February 2017

AbstractOptimiert man die Form eines Betontragwerks entsprechend den Lastpfaden beispielsweise zu einer Schale, so kann das Material Beton, charakterisiert durch eine hohe Druckfestigkeit und vergleichsweise niedrige Zugfestigkeit, bestmöglich ausgenutzt werden. Problematisch dabei ist die Herstellung der Schalung der meist komplexen freigeformten Strukturen. Ein an der TU Wien entwickelter Ansatz zur Reduktion des Her stellungsaufwands für die Schalung von Betonschalen ist, ursprünglich ebene, bewehrte Betonplatten aushärten zu lassen und diese nachträglich zu einfach und/oder zweifach gekrümmten Strukturen zu verformen. Kern des Verfahrens ist der Umformungsprozess, bei dem der ausgehärtete Beton und die Bewehrung in der Lage sein müssen, die großen Verformungen aufzunehmen. Die Verformungseigenschaften von 50 mm dicken Plattenelementen konnten bereits in vorangegangenen Versuchsreihen erforscht werden. Die praktische Anwendbarkeit des Ansatzes konnte an zwei Großversuchen an einer Kugelschale mit 13 m Durchmesser und 3,2 m Höhe und einer freigeformten Betonschale mit 10,8 m x 17,6 m und einer Höhe von 2,9 m jeweils mit 50 mm Dicke erfolgreich getestet werden. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt weiterführende experimentelle Untersuchungen zum Biegetragverhalten von Elementen mit größerer Plattendicke von 100–120 mm und unterschiedlichen Bewehrungstypen für die Anwendung des Bauverfahrens zur Errichtung einer Wildbrücke über eine zweigleisige Bahnstrecke.
Iterative optimization of xylose catabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using combinatorial expression tuning
Authors: Latimer Luke N. , Dueber John E. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTA common challenge in metabolic engineering is rapidly identifying rate‐controlling enzymes in heterologous pathways for subsequent production improvement. We demonstrate a workflow to address this challenge and apply it to improving xylose utilization in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. For eight reactions required for conversion of xylose to ethanol, we screened enzymes for functional expression in S. cerevisiae, followed by a combinatorial expression analysis to achieve pathway flux balancing and identification of limiting enzymatic activities. In the next round of strain engineering, we increased the copy number of these limiting enzymes and again tested the eight‐enzyme combinatorial expression library in this new background. This workflow yielded a strain that has a ∼70% increase in biomass yield and ∼240% increase in xylose utilization. Finally, we chromosomally integrated the expression library. This library enriched for strains with multiple integrations of the pathway, which likely were the result of tandem integrations mediated by promoter homology. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 1301–1309. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Disrupted brain network functional dynamics and hyper‐correlation of structural and functional connectome topology in patients with breast cancer prior to treatment
Authors: Kesler Shelli R. , Adams Marjorie , Packer Melissa , Rao Vikram , Henneghan Ashley M. , Blayney Douglas W. , Palesh Oxana 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIntroductionSeveral previous studies have demonstrated that cancer chemotherapy is associated with brain injury and cognitive dysfunction. However, evidence suggests that cancer pathogenesis alone may play a role, even in non‐CNS cancers.MethodsUsing a multimodal neuroimaging approach, we measured structural and functional connectome topology as well as functional network dynamics in newly diagnosed patients with breast cancer. Our study involved a novel, pretreatment assessment that occurred prior to the initiation of any cancer therapies, including surgery with anesthesia. We enrolled 74 patients with breast cancer age 29–65 and 50 frequency‐matched healthy female controls who underwent anatomic and resting‐state functional MRI as well as cognitive testing.ResultsCompared to controls, patients with breast cancer demonstrated significantly lower functional network dynamics (p = .046) and cognitive functioning (p < .02, corrected). The breast cancer group also showed subtle alterations in structural local clustering and functional local clustering (p < .05, uncorrected) as well as significantly increased correlation between structural global clustering and functional global clustering compared to controls (p = .03). This hyper‐correlation between structural and functional topologies was significantly associated with cognitive dysfunction (p = .005).ConclusionsOur findings could not be accounted for by psychological distress and suggest that non‐CNS cancer may directly and/or indirectly affect the brain via mechanisms such as tumor‐induced neurogenesis, inflammation, and/or vascular changes, for example. Our results also have broader implications concerning the importance of the balance between structural and functional connectome properties as a potential biomarker of general neurologic deficit.
Modular Process Engineering: Development of Apparatuses for Transformable Production Systems
Authors: Lier Stefan , Paul Sarah , Ferdinand Dennis , Grünewald Marcus 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe process industry faces the challenges of intensified, global competition with increasing market dynamics. Modular, transformable production concepts promise a better adaption to these in the dimensions of throughput, product mix, and production location. In order to unfold the full potential, modularization and transformability have to be carried out not only on the plant and logistics level, but also on the apparatus level. Characteristics like setup and scaling concepts are discussed. Examples for modular apparatuses concerning the process engineering tasks of mixing, heat exchange, reaction and separation are presented and further research needs are derived.
Coronary artery aneurysm after implantation of a bioresorbable vascular scaffold: Case report and literature review
Authors: Chua Su‐Kiat , Cheng Jun‐Jack 
Published: February 2017

A 55‐year‐old man underwent successful percutaneous coronary intervention for the middle left circumflex artery with a 3.5 × 28‐mm bioresorbable vascular scaffold (BVS). At 18 months, follow‐up coronary angiography showed ectatic change with aneurysm formation over the BVS. Optical coherence tomography revealed absence of strut continuity at the aneurysm site, in the middle of the BVS. A literature review identified nine patients with intrascaffold aneurysm, including the present patient, which developed 6–32 months after BVS implantation. Of these nine patients, four underwent percutaneous coronary intervention for chronic total occlusion. The pathogenesis of coronary artery aneurysm is multifactorial. Most patients receive no further intervention, but long‐term dual antiplatelet therapy is sometimes prescribed in conjunction with regular follow‐up. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A delayed presentation of homozygous protein C deficiency in a series of children: a report on two molecular defects
Authors: Baothman Abdullah A. , AlSobhi Enaam , Khayat Hassan A. , Alsulami Raed E. , Alkahtani Abdulaziz S. , Al‐Thobyani Abdelraheem A. , Marzouk Yousef I. , Abdelaal Mohammad A. 
Published: February 2017

Key Clinical MessagePediatric emergency visits with purpura fulminans should raise the suspicion of hereditary homozygous protein C deficiency even beyond the neonatal age. The absence of this classical finding does not role the diagnosis out as atypical presentation with isolated intraocular bleeding was observed. Premarital counseling should be offered when family history suggests.
Laparoscopic splenopancreatectomy for an endocrine tumor with cystic changes: a case report
Authors: Izumi Hideki , Yazawa Naoki , Furukawa Daisuke , Masuoka Yoshihito , Yamada Misuzu , Mashiko Taro , Kawashima Yohei , Ogawa Masami , Kawaguchi Yoshiaki , Mine Tetsuya , Hirabayashi Kenichi , Nakagohri Toshio 
Published: February 2017

Key Clinical MessageThe biological behavior of a cystic pancreatic endocrine neoplasm is less aggressive than that of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms, and its prognosis is better. Limited surgery should be considered for cystic pancreatic endocrine neoplasms that are not accompanied preoperatively by lymph node or distant metastasis.
Selective Reductions of N,N‐Bis{chloro(aryl)‐phosphino}‐amines Yielding Three‐, Five‐, Six‐, and Eight‐Membered Cyclic Azaphosphanes
Authors: Höhne Martha , Joksch Markus , Konieczny Katharina , Müller Bernd H. , Spannenberg Anke , Peulecke Normen , Rosenthal Uwe 
Published: February 2017

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Uwe Rosenthal at the University of Rostock. The image depicts an abstract presentation of the formation of cyclic compounds. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201605836.
Psychosexual development and satisfaction in long‐term survivors of childhood cancer: Neurotoxic treatment intensity as a risk indicator
Authors: Lehmann Vicky , Tuinman Marrit A. , Keim Madelaine C. , Winning Adrien M. , Olshefski Randal S. , Bajwa Rajinder P. S. , Hagedoorn Mariët , Gerhardt Cynthia A. 
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUNDRisk factors for impairment in psychosexual development and satisfaction among adult survivors of childhood cancer are poorly understood. The authors compared psychosexual outcomes between survivors and healthy controls, and tested whether at‐risk survivors can be identified by 1) treatment neurotoxicity or 2) diagnosis.METHODSA total of 144 young adult survivors of childhood cancer and 144 matched controls completed questionnaires regarding psychosexual development, sexual satisfaction, and satisfaction with relationship status. Survivors were aged 20 to 40 years and were 5 to 34 years after diagnosis. Using medical chart data, survivors were divided into non‐neurotoxic (48 survivors), low‐dose (36 survivors), and high‐dose (58 survivors) neurotoxic treatment groups.RESULTSApart from having fewer lifetime sex partners, survivors did not appear to differ from controls. However, survivors of brain tumors and any survivor who received high‐dose neurotoxic treatment reported the lowest rates of achieving milestones of psychosexual development, whereas sexual and relationship status satisfaction were found to be related to relationship status. Neurotoxic treatment intensity further distinguished between survivors of brain tumors with and without psychosexual impairment.CONCLUSIONSThe intensity of neurotoxic treatment may be a valuable indicator of risk for psychosexual impairment relative to diagnosis alone. Health care providers should assess romantic/sexual problems among survivors at risk and make referrals if needed. Cancer 2017;123:1869–1876. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
A Robust Hybrid of SnO2 Nanoparticles Sheathed by N‐Doped Carbon Derived from ZIF‐8 as Anodes for Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yang Dong‐Hui , Zhou Xianlong , Zhong Ming , Zhou Zhen , Bu Xian‐He 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA stable structure is critical for SnO2‐based materials to achieve high performance as anodes for lithium‐ion batteries because of the huge volume change during cycling. Herein, to address this issue, a hybrid of SnO2 nanoparticles implanted into porous N‐doped carbon frameworks with rich voids was fabricated via facile pyrolysis of a kind of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks, ZIF‐8, and vapor deposition of tetraphenyltin. This rationally designed material could effectively prevent the structural degradation due to the expansion and contraction during cycling, and exhibited remarkable Li storage performance. This anode material delivered a high reversible capacity of 1029.2 mA h g−1 at 100 mA g−1 and 445.0 mA h g−1 at a high rate of 5000 mA g−1, as well as stable cyclic performance of 667.1 mA h g−1 at 500 mA g−1 after 200 cycles. Importantly, the well‐defined architecture of the hybrid was retained after long charge/discharge cycles.
Planar Anthracene–Acetylene Frameworks as a Stereogenic Motif
Authors: Toyota Shinji , Ikeda Hiroshi , Iwanaga Tetsuo 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPlanar and rigid frameworks that consist of two 1,8‐substituted anthracene units and two acetylene linkers were utilized as key structures for the generation of stereoisomers through the introduction of extra substituents. These compounds were synthesized from 1,8‐substituted anthracene building units by a combination of coupling reactions. We designed diastereomers, enantiomers, and topomers by modifying the combination of the two linkers and the number of substituents at sterically crowded intraannular positions. The molecular structures, stereochemistry, and properties of these compounds were investigated by means of spectroscopic techniques and theoretical calculations. A prochiral cyclic dimer with one extraannular substituent was designed to generate a stereochemical phenomenon in two dimensions. Scanning tunneling microscopy measurements revealed that the molecules formed a self‐assembled monolayer at the liquid–solid interface in a conglomerate‐type manner. The scope and potential of the macrocyclic frameworks in studies of π‐conjugated compounds are presented.
High‐Performance Supported Iridium Oxohydroxide Water Oxidation Electrocatalysts
Authors: Massué Cyriac , Pfeifer Verena , Huang Xing , Noack Johannes , Tarasov Andrey , Cap Sébastien , Schlögl Robert 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe synthesis of a highly active and yet stable electrocatalyst for the anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) remains a major challenge for acidic water splitting on an industrial scale. To address this challenge, we obtained an outstanding high‐performance OER catalyst by loading Ir on conductive antimony‐doped tin oxide (ATO)‐nanoparticles by a microwave (MW)‐assisted hydrothermal route. The obtained Ir phase was identified by using XRD as amorphous (XRD‐amorphous), highly hydrated IrIII/IV oxohydroxide. To identify chemical and structural features responsible for the high activity and exceptional stability under acidic OER conditions with loadings as low as 20 μgIr cm−2, we used stepwise thermal treatment to gradually alter the XRD‐amorphous Ir phase by dehydroxylation and crystallization of IrO2. This resulted in dramatic depletion of OER performance, indicating that the outstanding electrocatalytic properties of the MW‐produced IrIII/IV oxohydroxide are prominently linked to the nature of the produced Ir phase. This finding is in contrast with the often reported stable but poor OER performance of crystalline IrO2‐based compounds produced through more classical calcination routes. Our investigation demonstrates the immense potential of Ir oxohydroxide‐based OER electrocatalysts for stable high‐current water electrolysis under acidic conditions.
Porous Zirconium–Furandicarboxylate Microspheres for Efficient Redox Conversion of Biofuranics
Authors: Li Hu , Liu Xiaofang , Yang Tingting , Zhao Wenfeng , Saravanamurugan Shunmugavel , Yang Song 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBiofuranic compounds, typically derived from C5 and C6 carbohydrates, have been extensively studied as promising alternatives to chemicals based on fossil resources. The present work reports the simple assembly of biobased 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) with different metal ions to prepare a range of metal–FDCA hybrids under hydrothermal conditions. The hybrid materials were demonstrated to have porous structure and acid–base bifunctionality. Zr‐FDCA‐T, in particular, showed a microspheric structure, high thermostability (ca. 400 °C), average pore diameters of approximately 4.7 nm, large density, moderate strength of Lewis‐base/acid centers (ca. 1.4 mmol g−1), and a small number of Brønsted‐acid sites. This material afforded almost quantitative yields of biofuranic alcohols from the corresponding aldehydes under mild conditions through catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH). Isotopic 1H NMR spectroscopy and kinetic studies verified that direct hydride transfer was the dominant pathway and rate‐determining step of the CTH. Importantly, the Zr‐FDCA‐T microspheres could be recycled with no decrease in catalytic performance and little leaching of active sites. Moreover, good yields of C5 (i.e., furfural) or C4 products [i.e., maleic acid and 2(5H)‐furanone] could be obtained from furfuryl alcohol without oxidation of the furan ring over these metal–FDCA hybrids. The content and ratio of Lewis‐acid/base sites were demonstrated to dominantly affect the catalytic performance of these redox reactions.