bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inadvertent Reduction of Symphyseal Diastasis During Computed Tomography
Authors: Gibson Peter D. , Adams Mark R. , Koury Kenneth L. , Shaath M. K. , Sirkin Michael S. , Reilly Mark C. 
Published: May 2016

Objective:
To determine the quantifiable difference in pubic symphysis diastasis when comparing computed tomography (CT) and pelvic radiographs in individuals with anterior pelvic ring injuries.

Design:
Retrospective chart and radiographic review.

Setting:
Level 1 trauma center.

Patients/Participants:
Between 2002 and 2013, all individuals requiring internal fixation of the anterior pelvic ring were reviewed. Of the 163 patients, 72 met the inclusion criteria. Patients with a symphysis dislocation were included if the pelvic radiograph and CT were performed without a pelvic binder, and imaging was adequate for required measurements.

Intervention:
Symphyseal diastasis was measured on the initial pelvic radiograph, the CT scout, and axial views.

Main Outcome Measurements:
Comparison of measured symphyseal diastasis on CT and pelvic radiographs.

Results:
Seventy-two patients met the inclusion criteria. Ninety-seven percent (70/72) had a reduction of their symphysis diastasis in the CT with an average reduction of 6.6 mm (Range, −2.6 to 35.5 mm). The average diastasis on radiograph was 26.3 mm compared with 19.7 mm on CT scout (P < 0.001). Fourteen patients (19.2%) had a reduction from greater than 25 mm to less than 25 mm—a traditional cutoff for operative intervention.

Conclusions:
The anteroposterior pelvis radiograph remains an important part of the workup for trauma patients. Reliance on CT alone may underestimate the true degree of pelvic displacement. Failure to obtain pelvic radiographs in the acute setting limits the information in which the medical team can base both immediate and definitive decisions about pelvic ring injuries.

Level of Evidence:
Diagnostic level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Scleromatous Changes in an Abdominal Wall Graft: Graft-Versus-Graft Disease, or Chronic Graft Rejection?
Authors: Olson Nicholas J. , Wimmer Daniel B. , Croitoru Daniel P. , Barton Dorothea T. , Seidel Gregory D. , Shane Chapman M. , Linos Konstantinos 
Published: May 2016

Abstract:
Abdominal wall transplants are relatively new procedures that are frequently performed in conjunction with multivisceral transplants. The skin of the abdominal wall transplant is often the first site for graft rejection to manifest itself. Prompt recognition can lead to appropriate treatment before the involvement of the underlying viscera. However, the signs of graft rejection are nonspecific and can overlap with other entities. We present a case of a patient who received a multivisceral and abdominal wall transplant from 2 different donors, who presented with acute and eventually chronic graft rejection of the abdominal wall graft. Serial biopsies performed during the course of her treatment demonstrated progressive sclerotic changes in the dermis. Because these changes were confined to the abdominal wall graft, they could represent either chronic graft rejection or graft-versus-graft disease. To date, graft-versus-graft disease has not been documented in these patients. This case illustrates the possibility that patients with multidonor transplants may be at an increased risk for graft failure secondary to multiple potential etiologies.
Vestibular Mast Cell Density in Vulvodynia: A Case-Controlled Study
Authors: Papoutsis Dimitrios , Haefner Hope K. , Crum Christopher P. , Opipari Anthony W. , Reed Barbara D. 
Published: May 2016

Objectives
To identify whether mast cell densities in vulvar biopsies from the vestibule are associated with vulvodynia.

Methods
We enrolled 100 women aged 19 to 59 years with confirmed vulvodynia cases, 100 racially matched controls, and 100 black control women. All had vulvar biopsies performed at the 7 o'clock position of the vestibule, which were then immunostained to detect c-KIT protein. The numbers of c-KIT positive mast cells per ×400 magnification field were manually counted, and t tests and logistic regression were used to assess the association with case-control status.

Results
Of the biopsies, 235 were adequate samples for c-KIT testing for mast cells. The mast cell density was substantially lower in black control women (13.9 ± 10.9) in comparison to white control women (22.5 ± 13.2 p < 0.001): hence the analysis was confined to white cases and racially matched control women. Compared with racially matched controls, cases were younger, more likely to be married, and reported a higher household income. The average number of mast cells per ×400 magnification field overall was 19.1 ± 13.2 (range, 0–62). There was no difference in the mast cell count between racially matched cases (22.4 ± 13.9 per ×400 field) and controls (22.5 ± 13.2) in either the univariate or multivariable analyses. Within the group of cases, there was no difference in mast cell density based on the presence or absence of a variety of urogenital symptoms.

Conclusions
No difference in mast cell density in biopsies of the vestibule was found between white cases and racially matched controls. Black control women have a lower mast cell density compared with white control women.
The Development of a Nurse-Led Internet-Based Learning and Self-care Program for Cancer Patients With Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression—A Part of U-CARE
Authors: Hauffman Anna , Alfonsson Sven , Mattsson Susanne , Forslund Marina , Bill-Axelson Anna , Nygren Peter , Johansson Birgitta 
Published: May 2016

Background:
Having access to information about the disease and being encouraged to participate in self-care activities may reduce anxiety and depression symptoms in cancer patients. Internet-based interventions may be one way to support effective self-care strategies to improve emotional well-being and health-related quality of life.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to describe the development and acceptance of an Internet-based program intended to support cancer patients with anxiety and depression symptoms.

Methods:
A structured collaboration between patients, clinicians, and researchers was used to develop a theory- and evidence-based interactive health communication application (IHCA) based on Orem’s self-care deficit nursing theory with influences from Bandura’s social learning theory and psychoeducation.

Results:
The result is an IHCA described as a Nurse-led, Internet-based Learning and Self-care program that helps patients to perform self-care using different types of material in interaction with patients and healthcare staff. The acceptance of the program is consistent with the results of similar studies.

Conclusions:
Collaboration between patients, clinicians, and researchers seems to be a fruitful approach in the development of an IHCA aiming to support cancer patients’ self-care strategies. Well-designed intervention studies are needed to evaluate the effects of the IHCA.

Implications for Practice:
This article suggests a theoretical foundation for an IHCA and allows researchers and healthcare providers to take part in the discussion regarding format and content of IHCAs.
Medicare Spending and Evidence-Based Approach in Surgical Treatment of Thumb Carpometacarpal Joint Arthritis: 2001 to 2010
Authors: Mahmoudi Elham , Yuan Frank , Lark Meghan E. , Aliu Oluseyi , Chung Kevin C. 
Published: May 2016

Background:
Despite equivalent outcomes among surgical treatments of thumb carpometacarpal arthritis, little is known about the variation in spending. Because of its complexities, the authors hypothesized that trapeziectomy with ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition incurs the greatest cost to Medicare compared with other surgical procedures.

Methods:
Using a random 5 percent sample of Medicare beneficiaries diagnosed with thumb carpometacarpal joint arthritis, the authors examined total and out-of-pocket spending for 3530 patients who underwent a surgical treatment between 2001 and 2010. The authors used generalized linear regression models, controlling for patient characteristics and place of surgery, to examine variations in spending.

Results:
Eighty-nine percent of patients who underwent surgery received trapeziectomy with ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition, with total and out-of-pocket spending of $2576 (95 percent CI, $2333 to $2843; p < 0.001) and $436 (95 percent CI, $429 to $531; p < 0.001), respectively. Simple complete trapeziectomy was the least expensive procedure, performed in 5 percent of patients, with total and out-of-pocket spending of $1268 (95 percent CI, $1089 to $1476; p < 0.001) and $236 (95 percent CI, $180 to $258; p < 0.001), respectively. Because of increasingly higher facility costs, performing the same procedure in a hospital outpatient setting compared with an ambulatory center would increase Medicare spending by more than two-fold (p < 0.001).

Conclusions:
With a consistent rise in health care spending, adherence to an evidence-based approach in medicine is more important than ever. Most surgeons continue to perform trapeziectomy with ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition, the most expensive surgical option. Medicare could potentially save $7.4 million annually if simple complete trapeziectomy was the procedure of choice.
Breast Reconstruction with SIEA Flaps: A Single-Institution Experience with 145 Free Flaps
Authors: Park Julie E. , Shenaq Deana S. , Silva Amanda K. , Mhlaba Julie M. , Song David H. 
Published: May 2016

Background:
Refinements in microsurgical breast reconstruction have refined superficial inferior epigastric artery (SIEA) and superficial circumflex iliac artery (SCIA) flaps, yet technical difficulties and varied success rates limit widespread acceptance. The authors present the outcomes of their experience with 145 consecutive SIEA/SCIA flaps and suggest technical tips to improve success with this important flap.

Methods:
An institutional review board–approved retrospective chart review of all SIEA/SCIA free flaps performed by the senior authors between January 1, 2006, and February 6, 2014, was conducted. Data on patient demographics, flap characteristics, and complications were collected.

Results:
There were 145 flaps performed in 119 patients. Arterial donor and recipient mismatch occurred in 55 instances (38 percent). In these cases, 48 arteries (87 percent) were spatulated and seven (13 percent) were back-cut to improve size concordance. Nine flaps required operative return for flap viability concerns. Five were arterial, three were venous, and one flap had concomitant arterial and venous thrombosis. Total flap loss rate attributable to thrombotic events was 4.8 percent. No flaps with arterial thrombosis on reoperation were salvageable. Furthermore, 80 percent had arterial revisions at initial operation. No patients had an abdominal bulge or hernia, and the fat necrosis rate was 10.3 percent.

Conclusions:
SIEA/SCIA breast reconstruction can be reliably performed; however, flaps exhibiting postoperative arterial thrombosis with revision at initial surgery are unlikely salvageable on reoperation. Spatulation did not correlate with an increased thrombosis rate; in fact, the authors advocate for donor artery manipulation to manage size mismatch.

CLINCAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
Malignant Pyoderma Associated with Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (Wegener Granulomatosis) as a Unique Indication for Facial Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation: Part I
Authors: Gastman Brian , Hashem Ahmed M. , Djohan Risal , Bernard Steven , Hendrickson Mark , Schwarz Graham , Gharb Bahar B. , Rampazzo Antonio , Fernandez Anthony , Zins James , Hoffman Gary S. , Doumit Gaby , Siemionow Maria , Papay Francis 
Published: May 2016

Background:
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener granulomatosis) is a rare disease that commonly starts in the craniofacial region and can lead to considerable facial disfigurement. Granulomas and vasculitis, however, can involve many other tissues (especially pulmonary and renal). Dermatologic and subcutaneous components can lead to malignant pyoderma.

Methods:
The authors describe a unique pathologic condition, where significant Le Fort type trauma was associated with subsequent development of granulomatosis with polyangiitis and malignant pyoderma. Successive operations to excise necrotic tissue and reconstruct the defects were followed by worsening inflammation and tissue erosions. Trauma and surgery in proximity to the eye and sinuses masked the initial clinical presentation and led to delay in diagnosis and disease progression. The resultant facial disfigurement and tissue loss were substantial.

Results:
Despite multiple confounding factors, accurate diagnosis was eventually established. This was based on persistence of sinus inflammations in the absence of infective agents, proven sterility of lung lesions, and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody positivity with proteinase 3 specificity. Skin lesion biopsy specimens were identified as pyoderma gangrenosum and later as malignant pyoderma. Institution of immunosuppressive therapy allowed successful control of the disease and wound healing. The resulting craniofacial destruction, however, necessitated facial vascularized composite allotransplantation.

Conclusion:
Recognition of this rare pathologic association is essential, to prevent delays in diagnosis and treatment that can lead to major craniofacial tissue loss.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, V.
The paradox of development. The challenges of a French subsidiary vis-à-vis its Latin-American corporate headquarters
Authors: Bonneton Domitille , Muratbekova-Touron Maral , Pinot de Villechenon Florence 
Published: May 2016

Subject area
International Human Resource Management.

Study level/applicability
Master in Management, MBA.

Case overview
This case is based upon a real Latin-American multinational company operating in France. The character called Anne, Human Resources Director of the French subsidiary, has to implement an organizational project, while at the same time managing local constraints. She also deals with the internal employee survey on working conditions. Through this case study, students will analyze international human resources issues in a company that has offices in different locations and therefore has to deal with different cultural and legal constraints. It tackles questions of employee satisfaction, working conditions and internal communication. It deals with the specific role of the Human Resources (HR) Director of a multinational company’s foreign subsidiary, who has to comply with headquarters’ instructions concerning the implementation of organizational projects and also abide by local laws and regulations.

Expected learning outcomes
“The Paradox of Development” case has four main learning objectives: It illustrates some well-known cultural values frameworks, such as Hall and Hall’s (1990), Hofstede’s (1991), Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner’s (1998) and the GLOBE study’s (House et al., 2004) in a concrete way. It teaches students how to deal with the particular issues and constraints of multinationals when operating abroad, especially when the company’s headquarters are located in a developing country while the subsidiaries are in a developed country. And it helps them better understand the role of an HR Director in such a context. It illustrates the shift from standardization–localization debate [global integration – local adaptation dilemma, Bartlett and Ghoshal (1989); Prahalad and Doz (1987)] towards the choice of HR practices among three options, not two: standardization towards headquarters’ practices, standardization towards global best practices and localization (Pudelko and Harzing, 2007, 2008). It tackles the issues of employee satisfaction and working conditions in an international context where employees have different cultural values.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Subject code
CSS 6: Human Resource Management
A value-added analysis of trade in Taiwan and Korea’s ICT industries
Authors: Lin Hsing-Chun , Hsu Shih-Hsun , Liou Ruey-Wan , Chang Ching-Cheng 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to extricate value-added exports in information and communications technology (ICT) industry earned by Taiwan and Korea. Additionally, the authors decompose Taiwan and Korea’s gross exports into various meaningful components.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors use the inter-country input-output (ICIO) table which endows with cost structures of industries as well as trade information, facilitating in keeping track of the flow of products and value-added. The ICIO table used in this paper comes from the World Input-Output Database. The authors also use the way Wang et al. (2013) decomposed the intermediate goods exports into various components to provide further insights.

Findings
– The empirical results indicate that Taiwan and Korea’s ICT export to the world shrink by 47.8 and 40.9 percent when the trades are measured in value-added terms. Taiwan and Korea’s ICT export will also decrease by 75.1 and 57.8 percent. From the viewpoint of value added in trade, the share of value added embodied in Taiwan and Korea’s gross ICT exports continued to decrease and reached 24.9 and 42.2 percent in 2011, while the components of pure double counted terms kept growing in recent years.

Originality/value
– With global value chains flourishing in recent years, conventional trade statistics not only fails to highlight the vertical specialization among different countries, but also distorts the measurement of a country’s competitiveness. This paper extricates value-added exports in ICT industry earned by Taiwan and Korea and bring into focus the importance of trade in value added.
An empirical analysis on the performance of the third-party logistics in the Korean exporter
Authors: Park Yoon-Hwan , Jeong Yoon-Say 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to analyze the process of enhancing logistics performances in Korean exporters’ utilizing “third-party logistics” (3PL) in area of delivery service to overseas buyers.

Design/methodology/approach
– A research model was designed on the mechanism of Korean exporters’ utilizing 3PL and the collaborative relationships (CR) between exporters and “logistics service providers” (LSPs) in supply chain management context. The mechanism means what triggers the Korean exporters to choose LSPs in overseas trade. Conclusions were drawn from survey data gathered from 146 exporters in Korea. Structural equation model with partial least square was employed to measure the statistical significance of the hypothesized model paths.

Findings
– This study provides evidence that exporters’ evaluation on the customization of LSPs’ service capacities, the reasonability of LSPs’ service fees and the information sharing are three important prerequisites to CR between exporters and LSPs. This study is focussed on exporters’ performance such as consistency of secure delivery (SD), exporters’ logistics cost savings (CS) and exporters’ satisfaction. The results show a strong support for this study, with positive and significant effects of CR on the consistency of SD, exporters’ logistics CS and exporters’ satisfaction.

Practical implications
– This study proves that exporters’ performance derived from the CR results in exporters’ loyalty to LSPs, which means LSPs’ performance.

Originality/value
– There are very few studies on utilization of 3PL related to delivery of export goods to overseas buyers and relevant exporters’ performance. However, this study has particularly explored the mechanism in the relation of exporters’ using 3PL and its performance.
Experimental investigation of machinability characteristics in Al-TiB2metal matrix composite (MMC) based on the Taguchi method with fuzzy logics
Authors: Jenarthanan M.P. , Ram Prakash A. , Jeyapaul R. 
Published: May 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to develop a mathematical model for metal removal rate and surface roughness through Taguchi method and analyse the influence of the individual input machining parameters (cutting speed, feed rate, helix angle, depth of cut and wt% on the responses in milling of aluminium-titanium diboride metal matrix composite (MMC) with solid carbide end mill cutter coated with nano-crystals.Design/methodology/approach– Taguchi OA is used to optimise the material removal rate (MRR) and Surface Roughness by developing a mathematical model. End Milling is used to create slots by combining various input parameters. Five factors, three-level Taguchi method is employed to carry out the experimental investigation. Fuzzy logic is used to find the optimal cutting factors for surface roughness (Ra) and MRR. The factors considered were weight percentage of TiB2, cutting speed, depth of cut and feed rate. The plan for the experiments and analysis was based on the Taguchi L27 orthogonal array with five factors and three levels. MINITAB 17 software is used for regression, S/N ratio and analysis of variance. MATLAB 7.10.0 is used to perform the fuzzy logics systems.Findings– Using fuzzy logics, multi-response performance index is generated, with which the authors can identify the correct combination of input parameters to get higher MRR and lower surface roughness value with the chosen range with 95 per cent confidence intervals. Using such a model, remarkable savings in time and cost can be obtained.Originality/value– Machinability characteristics in Al-TiB2MMC based on the Taguchi method with fuzzy logic has not been analysed previously.