bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Open innovation scorecard: a managerial tool
Authors: Lamberti Emilia , Michelino Francesca , Cammarano Antonello , Caputo Mauro 
Published: September 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to devise a scorecard providing a suite of indicators that give innovation managers a value-oriented, fast but holistic view of open innovation (OI) adoption in their organisations.Design/methodology/approachThe theoretical framework is built after a thorough review of OI literature. The managerial tool is developed from the theoretical framework, constructing indicators that can be easily generated by processing data within information systems of companies.FindingsThe scorecard provides a multi-dimensional conceptualisation of OI adoption in organisations, investigating environment, collaboration and importing/exporting mechanisms. Six indicators are defined: innovation funds, OI employees, collaboration costs, collaboration revenues, importing costs and exporting revenues.Research limitations/implicationsThe devised tool enables the assessment of openness through objective and available data, systematically updated within the information systems of companies and, hence, easily exploitable by innovation managers. In order to meet such conditions, several aspects emerged from the literature review, although relevant, were left out.Practical implicationsThree dashboards can be derived by exploiting the information available in the scorecard. With the use of such tools innovation managers can both assess the open behaviours of their companies – identifying the trajectories to follow in order to improve performance – and benchmark different OI practices either inside or outside the organisation.Originality/valueThe scorecard allows innovation managers both to carry out a cost-benefit analysis, evaluating if their organisations are effectively and efficiently generating outputs from OI with the committed resources, and to identify a virtuous circle between the company’s commitment and reputation, joint development, and innovation market opportunities.
Opening up innovation processes through contests in the food sector
Authors: Massa Silvia , Testa Stefania 
Published: September 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate how an adequate mix of technological, organisational and managerial tools might support Open Innovation (OI) processes achieved by contests in the food sector.

Design/methodology/approach
The methodology of this paper is exploratory in nature. Data have been gathered about the 140 innovation contests launched by the best global food brands (2013 BusinessWeek/Interbrand Best Global Brands) over the last decade.

Findings
The research highlights the main changes that have occurred over the last decade, showing that the choice of platform type for contest launches is often neglected or considered as an ancillary element. Indeed, it is a choice that embeds another set of technological, organisational and managerial tools that strongly influence the collaborative behaviour (and the participation itself) of partners throughout the innovation process.

Research limitations/implications
Companies investigated in this paper consist exclusively of top brands in the sector. Future research should strive to obtain larger samples, develop a set of fine-grained hypotheses, and test them by using appropriate statistical techniques.

Originality/value
This paper fills an inexplicable gap in academic literature due to the fact that food companies are those that mainly use contests in order to implement OI but they are scarcely researched regarding this issue.
Practising open innovation: a framework of reference
Authors: Battistella Cinzia , De Toni Alberto Felice , Pessot Elena 
Published: September 2017

PurposeThis work provides new insights into possible managerial choices and development directions for practising open innovation (OI) in companies. The purpose of this paper is to explore the different practices, actors and tools adopted for opening up the innovation process, in particular, by small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) that are still facing difficulties in its implementation.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on a literature review and an exploratory survey of a sample of 85 European SMEs.FindingsThe study identifies a total of 23 practices, 20 actors and 11 tools involved in the OI processes of companies. It highlights, through literature and empirical evidence, how different combinations of practices, actors and tools are put into practice.Research limitations/implicationsThe developed framework offers new insights both from OI literature and from practitioners’ point of view into the supporting decision-making processes regarding which practices to implement, tools to adopt and actors to collaborate with. A wider investigation is recommended to include more variables to define the differences among the combinations of practices, actors and tools in terms of types of innovation (e.g. product, process, etc.), the openness degree and other contextual factors.Originality/valueThe originality of this paper is based on the fact that it focusses on a practical perspective of OI implementation, building a framework of reference from previous literature and empirical investigation.
An investigation of fit perceptions and promotability in sexual minority candidates
Authors: Pichler Shaun , Holmes IV Oscar 
Published: September 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate whether sexual minority candidates are viewed as less likely to fit-in in their work environments than heterosexual candidates and, hence, to their being evaluated as less promotable.Design/methodology/approachConsistent with previous research, the authors used a hiring scenario where evaluators saw one of four different resumes, which varied based on candidate sexual orientation and gender, yet were equal on all factors, including candidate qualifications. The research included a pre-test and manipulation check to ensure the validity of the authors’ research design.FindingsAs the authors expected based on stigma theory, gay and lesbian candidates were more likely to be perceived as unable to fit-in than heterosexual candidates. Perceptions of a lack of fitting-in were negatively related to promotability ratings, as were beliefs about the controllability of sexual orientation. However, counter to the authors’ expectations, gay and lesbian candidates were rated more promotable than heterosexual candidates. This presents a more nuanced picture of sexual orientation discrimination than has been offered heretofore.Originality/valuePrevious research has suggested that gay men and lesbians may be trapped in “gay ghettos,” yet there is little if any research on evaluations of sexual minority candidates in employment decisions beyond hiring. The present study extends research on sexual orientation discrimination by investigating whether decision makers are biased against gay and lesbian candidates in promotion decisions, and the factors that are related to promotability ratings.
Parental leave within the broader employment trajectory
Authors: Zhelyazkova Nevena , Ritschard Gilbert 
Published: September 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present an analysis of parental leave use and long-term employment trajectories of parents in Luxembourg based on anonymous administrative records. This is the first systematic analysis of parental leave take-up rates and return rates for Luxembourg using a large and reliable data set.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use highly detailed administrative data to calculate take-up and return rates for parental leave for both men and women working in Luxembourg. To gain deeper insights into the employment trajectories of parents, the authors deploy the visualisation tools of the TraMineR package, which allow the authors to trace developments over time.FindingsThe authors estimate take-up rates for parental leave at 72 per cent for mothers and 13 per cent for fathers. The return rates for mothers are 88.4, 99.4 and 70.8 per cent depending on whether they took full-time, part-time or no parental leave. In contrast, over 95 per cent of fathers remain employed following parental leave. The trajectory analysis reveals that the event of birth is a clear turning point for the majority of the female trajectories, but not for the male ones.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to the literature in at least several ways. First, this is the first available paper presenting the situation in Luxembourg using a large and reliable data set. Second, by including fathers in the analysis, the authors contribute to the available knowledge of male use of parental leave, which has been the subject of continued policy efforts in the past decades. Finally, the authors show how parental leave can be analysed using sequence analysis tools and how this method offers additional, holistic insights into work-family patterns over time.
A comparative study of DES type methods for mild flow separation prediction on a NACA0015 airfoil
Authors: Wang Liang , Li Liying , Fu Song 
Published: September 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to numerically investigate the mildly separated flow phenomena on a near-stall NACA0015 airfoil, by using Detached-Eddy Simulation (DES) type methods. It includes a comparison of different choices of underlying Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes model as well as subgrid-scale stress model in Large-Eddy simulation mode.

Design/methodology/approach
The unsteady flow phenomena are simulated by using delayed DES (DDES) and improved DDES (IDDES) methods, with an in-house computational fluid dynamics solver. Characteristic frequencies in different flow regions are extracted using fast Fourier transform. Dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) method is applied to uncover the critical dynamic modes.

Findings
Among all the DES type methods investigated in this paper, only the Spalart–Allmaras-based IDDES captures the separation point as measured in the experiments. The classical vortex-shedding and the shear-layer flapping modes for airfoil flows with shallow separation are also found from the IDDES results by using DMD.

Originality/value
The value of this paper lies in the assessment of five different DES-type models through the detailed investigation of the Reynolds stresses as well as the separation and reattachment.
Simplified finite element algorithm to solve conjugate heat and mass transfer in porous medium
Authors: Badruddin Irfan Anjum , Khan Azeem , Idris Mohd Yamani Idna , Nik-Ghaali N. , N.J. Salman Ahmed , Al-Rashed Abdullah A.A.A. 
Published: September 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to highlight the advantages of a simplified algorithm to solve the problem of heat and mass transfer in porous medium by reducing the number of partial differential equations from four to three.

Design/methodology/approach
The approach of the present paper is to develop a simplified algorithm to reduce the number of equations involved in conjugate heat transfer in porous medium.

Findings
Developed algorithm/method has many advantages over conventional method of solution for conjugate heat transfer in porous medium.

Research limitations/implications
The current work is applicable to conjugate heat transfer problem.

Practical implications
The developed algorithm is useful in reducing the number of equations to be solved, thus reducing the computational resources required.

Originality/value
Development of simplified algorithm and comparison with conventional method.
Numerical simulation of natural convection using unsteady compressible Navier-stokes equations
Authors: El-Gendi Mahmoud M. , M. Aly Abdelraheem 
Published: September 2017

Purpose
Boussinesq approximation is widely used in solving natural convection problems, but it has severe practical limitations. Using Boussinesq approximation, the temperature difference should be less than 28.6 K. The purpose of this study is to get rid of Boussinesq approximation and simulates the natural convection problems using an unsteady compressible Navier-Stokes solver. The gravity force is included in the source term. Three temperature differences are used namely 20 K, 700 K and 2000 K.

Design/methodology/approach
The calculations are carried out on the square and sinusoidal cavities. The results of low temperature difference have good agreement with the experimental and previous calculated data. It is found that, the high temperature difference has a significant effect on the density.

Findings
Due to mass conservation, the density variation affects the velocity distribution and its symmetry. On the other hand, the density variation has a negligible effect on the temperature distribution.

Originality/value
The present calculation method has no limitations but its convergence is slow. The current study can be used in fluid flow simulations for nuclear power applications in natural convection flows subjected to large temperature differences.
Study on influence of inlet and outlet flow rates on oil pressures and braking torque in a hydrodynamic retarder
Authors: Mu Hongbin , Yan Qingdong , Wei Wei 
Published: September 2017

Purpose
Traditional prediction of braking characteristics of vehicular hydrodynamic retarders is commonly conducted based on braking characteristics model of closed working chamber, namely, closed working chamber model (CWCM). In CWCM, inlet and outlet oil pressures and braking torque are considered to be independent of inlet and outlet flow rates. However, inlet and outlet flow rates can affect internal and external braking characteristics under actual working conditions. This study aims to establish a more accurate braking characteristics model of a hydrodynamic retarder under full oil-charging condition, and then the influence of varying inlet and outlet flow rates on oil pressures and braking torque is investigated in this paper.

Design/methodology/approach
A full flow passage of working chamber in a hydrodynamic retarder with inlet and outlets was established, and the reliability of numerical model was analyzed and validated. Pressure rise was introduced to describe the variation of inlet and outlet oil pressures. Then, on the basis of the validation, the CWCM was proposed at different rotor rotational speeds. The inlet and outlet oil pressures and braking torque were numerically computed at different inlet and outlet flow rates with Full Factorial Design experimental method. The results obtained were involved into establishing the braking characteristics model of open working chamber, namely, open working chamber model (OWCM), combined with Radial basis function approximation model. The OWCM with different inlet and outlet flow rates was analyzed and compared with CWCM.

Findings
The results show that inlet and outlet flow rates have obvious influence on the variation of inlet and outlet oil pressures in OWCM compared with CWCM. The outlet A pressure rise significantly changes with the inlet and outlet A flow rates, while the pressure rise of outlet B is mainly affected by the outlet B flow rate.

Originality/value
This paper presents an OWCM of hydrodynamic retarders under full oil-charging condition. The model takes into account the impact of oil inflowing and outflowing from the working chamber, which can provide a more accurate prediction of braking characteristics of hydrodynamic retarders.
Hydrothermal waves in two-dimensional liquid layers with sudden changes in the available cross-section
Authors: Lappa Marcello 
Published: September 2017

Purpose
Hydrothermal waves represent the preferred mode of instability of the so-called Marangoni flow for a wide range of liquids and conditions. The related features in classical rectangular containers have attracted much attention over recent years owing to the relevance of these oscillatory modes to several techniques used for the production of single crystals of semiconductor or oxide materials. Control or a proper knowledge of convective instabilities in these systems is an essential topic from a material/product properties saving standpoint. The purpose of this study is to improve our understanding of these phenomena in less ordinary circumstances.

Design/methodology/approach
This short paper reports on a numerical model developed to inquire specifically about the role played by sudden changes in the available cross-section of the shallow cavity hosting the liquid. Although accounting for the spanwise dimension would be necessary to derive quantitative results, the approach is based on the assumption of two-dimensional flow, which, for high-Pr fluids, is believed to retain the essence of the involved physical processes.

Findings
Results are presented for the case of a fluid with Pr = 15 filling an open container with a single backward-facing or forward-facing step on the bottom wall or with an obstruction located in the centre. It is shown that the presence of steps in the considered geometry can lead to a variety of situations with significant changes in the local spectral content of the flow and even flow stabilization in certain circumstances. The role of thermal boundary conditions is assessed by considering separately adiabatic and conducting conditions for the bottom wall.

Originality/value
Although a plethora of studies have been appearing over recent years motivated, completely or in part, by a quest to identify new means to mitigate these instabilities and produce accordingly single crystals of higher quality for the industry, unfortunately, most of these research works were focusing on very simple geometries. In the present paper, the causality and interdependence among all the kinematic and thermal effects mentioned above is discussed.
A conservative, spatially continuous method of lines for one-dimensional reaction-diffusion equations
Authors: Ramos J.I. 
Published: September 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop a new finite-volume method of lines for one-dimensional reaction-diffusion equations that provides piece-wise analytical solutions in space and is conservative, compare it with other finite-difference discretizations and assess the effects of the nonlinear diffusion coefficient on wave propagation.

Design/methodology/approach
A conservative, finite-volume method of lines based on piecewise integration of the diffusion operator that provides a globally continuous approximate solution and is second-order accurate is presented. Numerical experiments that assess the accuracy of the method and the time required to achieve steady state, and the effects of the nonlinear diffusion coefficients on wave propagation and boundary values are reported.

Findings
The finite-volume method of lines presented here involves the nodal values and their first-order time derivatives at three adjacent grid points, is linearly stable for a first-order accurate Euler’s backward discretization of the time derivative and has a smaller amplification factor than a second-order accurate three-point centered discretization of the second-order spatial derivative. For a system of two nonlinearly-coupled, one-dimensional reaction-diffusion equations, the amplitude, speed and separation of wave fronts are found to be strong functions of the dependence of the nonlinear diffusion coefficients on the concentration and temperature.

Originality/value
A new finite-volume method of lines for one-dimensional reaction-diffusion equations based on piecewise analytical integration of the diffusion operator and the continuity of the dependent variables and their fluxes at the cell boundaries is presented. The method may be used to study heat and mass transfer in layered media.
Understanding climate-human interactions in Small Island Developing States (SIDS)
Authors: Nunn Patrick , Kumar Roselyn 
Published: September 2017

PurposeClimate change poses diverse, often fundamental, challenges to livelihoods of island peoples. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that these challenges must be better understood before effective and sustainable adaptation is possible.Design/methodology/approachUnderstanding past livelihood impacts from climate change can help design and operationalize future interventions. In addition, globalization has had uneven effects on island countries/jurisdictions, producing situations especially in archipelagoes where there are significant differences between core and peripheral communities. This approach overcomes the problems that have characterized many recent interventions for climate-change adaptation in island contexts which have resulted in uneven and at best only marginal livelihood improvements in preparedness for future climate change.FindingsIsland contexts have a range of unique vulnerability and resilience characteristics that help explain recent and proposed responses to climate change. These include the sensitivity of coastal fringes to climate-environmental changes: and in island societies, the comparatively high degrees of social coherence, closeness to nature and spirituality that are uncommon in western contexts.Research limitations/implicationsEnhanced understanding of island environmental and social contexts, as well as insights from past climate impacts and peripherality, all contribute to more effective and sustainable future interventions for adaptation.Originality/valueThe need for more effective and sustainable adaptation in island contexts is becoming ever more exigent as the pace of twenty-first-century climate change increases.
Migrants’ remittances
Authors: Musah-Surugu Issah Justice , Ahenkan Albert , Bawole Justice Nyigmah , Darkwah Samuel Antwi 
Published: September 2017

Purpose
The much-trumpeted Green Climate Fund and several other official financial mechanisms for financing adaptation to climate change under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change have fallen short in meeting adaptation needs. Many poorer people are still grappling with the scourge of climate change impacts. Consequently, there has been a dominant research focus on climate change financing emanating from official development assistance (ODA), Adaptation Fund, public expenditure and private sector support. However, there has been little attempt to examine how migrants’ remittances can close adaptation financing gaps at the local level, ostensibly creating a large research gap. This paper aims to argue that migrants’ remittances provide a unique complementary opportunity for financing adaptation and have a wider impact on those who are extremely vulnerable to climate change.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper is aligned to the qualitative research approach. Both secondary and primary data acquired through interviews and focus group discussions were used for the study. Multiple sampling methods were also used to select the respondents.

Findings
The findings show that remittances are used to finance both incremental costs of households’ infrastructure and consumption needs, as well as additional investment needs to be occasioned by ongoing or expected changes in climate.

Originality/value
In the wake of dwindling government/public revenue, ODA and poor commitment of Annex II countries to fulfil their financial obligations, the study makes the following recommendations: First, the financial infrastructure underpinning money transfers in both sending and recipient countries should be improved to make transfers attractive. Second, significant steps should be taken to reduce the fees on remittance services, especially for the small transfers typically made by poor migrants. Finally, adequate climatic information should be made available to local people to ensure that remittances are applied to the right adaptation option to avoid maladaptation.