bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced trans‐2,3‐dihydro‐3‐hydroxyanthranilic acid production by pH control and glycerol feeding strategies in engineered Pseudomonas chlororaphis GP72
Authors: Yue Sheng‐Jie , Bilal Muhammad , Guo Shu‐Qi , Hu Hong‐Bo , Wang Wei , Zhang Xue‐Hong 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDTrans‐2, 3‐dihydro‐3‐hydroxyanthranilic acid (DHHA) is a valuable metabolic intermediate for the biosynthesis of wide‐ranging benzoic acid derivatives with enormous biological or pharmaceutical activities. Pseudomonas chlororaphis GP72 is a non‐pathogenic biocontrol strain that displays unique capability to produce phenazines. Nevertheless, DHHA production is quite low by the wild type strains, which necessitates yield improvement by constructing engineered strains for large‐scale biotechnological applications.RESULTSIn this study, two negative regulatory genes namely rsmE and lon were successively deactivated in the DA4 strain. The resulting engineered DA6 strain produced a significantly high titer of DHHA (20.6% higher than that of DA4). The influence of varying pH from 6.2 to 8.2 on DHHA production was studied in a 6‐L benchtop fermenter. A controlled broth pH of 7.2 stimulated maximum DHHA production by the engineered DA6 strain. A DO‐stat based fed‐batch system maintaining a constant DO level (about 20%) accompanied by a glycerol feeding strategy was applied. Highest DHHA production using this approach was recorded to be 10.06 g L‐1, which was 31% higher than with traditional batch cultivation.CONCLUSIONThe production of DHHA in metabolically engineered GP72 was considerably improved by inactivating two negative regulatory genes in a fed‐batch mode. It is concluded that fed‐batch fermentation with intermittent glycerol feeding and pH‐control was an effective approach to improve DHHA production yield. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Bioactive compounds of sweet and sour cherry stems obtained by subcritical water extraction
Authors: Švarc‐Gajić Jaroslava , Cerdà Víctor , Clavijo Sabrina , Suárez Ruth , Mašković Pavle , Cvetanović Aleksandra , Delerue‐Matos Cristina , Carvalho Ana P , Novakov Vesna 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDSweet cherries (Prunus avium L.) and sour cherries (Prunus cerasus L.) contain substantial amounts of anthocyanins and polyphenolics, and their stems have been used in traditional medicine for centuries. However, comparative data on the composition of sweet and sour cherry stems using the same analytical methodologies are limited. Moreover, there is no data in terms of biological activity of subcritical water extracts of cherry stems.RESULTS AND DISSCUSIONResults obtained by using several assays that focused on different mechanisms showed that subcritical water extracts of sour and sweet cherry stems were powerful antiradicals and antioxidants. Anti‐proliferative properties measured by MTT (3‐[4,5‐ dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl]‐2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) test showed prominent cytotoxicity against different tumor cell lines. Inhibitory concentrations obtained were in the range 8.38–11.40 µg mL‐1. GC–MS (gas chromatography mass spectrometry) analysis showed the presence of alcohols, fatty acids, organic acids and other organic compounds. However, the chemical compositions of the two samples observed were similar, indicating similar chemical composition of sour and sweet cherry stems.CONCLUSIONSubcritical water extracts of cherry stem demonstrated excellent biological activity and the potential to be used for pharmaceuticals or supplements due to confirmed high antioxidant, antiradical and antitumor activity. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of organic loading rate on the performance of a submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAnMBR) for malting wastewater treatment and biogas production
Authors: Maleki Esmat , Catalan Lionel JJ , Liao Baoqiang 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDMost malting plants discharge their wastewater to the sewer system and have to pay high discharge fees. Malting wastewater is rich in nutrients and contains high soluble COD (mostly sugars and organic acids). Hence, it is suited for anaerobic treatment without nutrients addition and can produce biogas simultaneously. The main objective of this study was to investigate the treatability of malting wastewater in a submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAnMBR) and biogas production under mesophilic temperature conditions (36 ± 1 °C) and variable organic loading rates (OLRs).RESULTSAs the OLR was increased from 1.36 to 3.18 kg COD m‐3 d‐1, the COD removal efficiency decreased from 94.1 ± 2.5% to 90.2 ± 1.4%, the effluent COD increased from 283 ± 121 mg L‐1 to 506 ± 68 mg L‐1, and the biogas production yield decreased from 0.345 ± 0.007 to 0.308 ± 0.025 L g‐1 CODremoved. The BOD5 removal efficiency was consistently above 99%. Methane accounted for 70.9 ± 2.0% of the biogas. Membrane permeability measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) spectrometry indicated that the membrane fouling that occurred during operation of the SAnMBR could be removed by a series of physical and chemical cleaning steps.CONCLUSIONSMalting wastewater was successfully treated using a SAnMBR for the first time. The SAnMBR adapted quickly to both gradual and sudden changes in OLR. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Routine viral load monitoring in HIV‐infected infants and children in low‐ and middle‐income countries: challenges and opportunities
Authors: Arpadi Stephen M , Shiau Stephanie , De Gusmao Eduarda Pimentel , Violari Avy 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIntroductionThe objective of this commentary is to review considerations for implementing routine viral load (VL) monitoring programmes for HIV‐infected infants and children living in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMIC). Since 2013, the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines recommend VL testing as the preferred monitoring approach for all individuals treated with ART in order to assess treatment response, detect treatment failure and determine the need to switch to a second‐line regimen in a timely manner. More recently, WHO guidelines from 2016 identify HIV‐infected infants and children as a priority group for routine VL monitoring.DiscussionThere are a number of reasons why HIV‐infected infants and children should be prioritized for routine VL monitoring. Data from national VL monitoring programmes as well as systematic reviews and meta‐analyses from LMIC indicate rates of viral suppression are lower for infants and children compared to adults. The number of antiretroviral drugs and palatable formulations suitable for young children are limited. In addition, emotional and developmental issues particular to children can make daily medication administration difficult and pose a challenge to adherence and achievement of sustained viral suppression. VL monitoring can be instrumental for identifying those in need of additional adherence support, reducing regimen switches and preserving treatment options. The needs of infants and children warrant consideration in all aspects of VL monitoring services. If capacity for paediatric venipuncture is not assured, platforms that accept dried blood spot specimens are necessary in order for infants and children to have equitable access. Healthcare systems also need to prepare to manage the substantial number of infants and children identified with elevated VL, including adherence interventions that are appropriate for children. Establishing robust systems to evaluate processes and outcomes of routine VL monitoring services and to support drug forecasting and supply management is essential to determine best practices for infants and children in LMIC.ConclusionsThe particular concerns of HIV‐infected infants and children warrant attention during all phases of planning and implementation of VL monitoring services. There are a number of key areas, including frequency of monitoring, blood specimen type and adherence challenges, where specific approaches tailored for infants and children may be required.
Intra‐seasonal variability of the South Asian monsoon and its relationship with the Indo–Pacific sea‐surface temperature in the NCEP CFSv2
Authors: Shahi Namendra Kumar , Rai Shailendra , Sahai A. K. , Abhilash S. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTThe capability to predict the leading modes of daily variability for South Asian monsoon in the climate forecast system version 2 (CFSv2) of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) is investigated. The CFSv2 model forecast at four pentad leads named as P1–P4 has been used in this study. The multi‐channel singular spectrum analysis (MSSA) on the daily anomalies of precipitation over the South Asian monsoon region for the period of 2001–2014 with a lag window of 61 days has been applied for June–July–August–September (JJAS) for all the four pentad lead forecasts of model and observation. It is encouraging that the space–time structure and propagation characteristics are exactly similar to observation up to P1 lead forecast. The model produces stationary modes and the northwest to southeast tilt significantly reduces from P2 lead onwards. The relationship of oscillatory and persisting modes with Indo–Pacific Ocean SST has been investigated. It is found that the SST over Pacific Ocean is independent of oscillatory mode in the case of P1 and P2 lead forecasts as in the case of observation. The model reproduces the observed correlation of Indian monsoon rainfall (IMR) index for the seasonally persisting mode with SST over Indo–Pacific Ocean up to P3 lead forecast which is a significant improvement. The contribution of El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) mode to total anomaly over India is large in Pl lead and it decreases from P2 to P4 lead forecast.
Active in‐cell touch circuit using floating common electrode as sensing pad for the large size in‐plane‐switching liquid crystal displays
Authors: Tai Ya‐Hsiang , Lin Chi‐Hao , Cheu Wei‐Jia 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we propose an in‐cell active touch circuit using the concept of floating common electrode for large size in‐plane‐switching liquid crystal displays. Compared with the conventional passive in‐cell touch circuit, the proposed method can greatly reduce the readout channel numbers by sharing the sensing bus for one column. Because the touch signal is amplified in the pixel, the touch panel can be easily scaled up in size. Simulation results show that the difference between touch and no‐touch signals can be as large as 10 μA even with threshold voltage shift of ±1 V. The possible issues of the proposed method are experimentally verified.
Ultrasonographic Findings of 1385 Adrenal Masses: A Retrospective Study of 1319 Benign and 66 Malignant Masses
Authors: Gong Xia , Yu Yifei , Zhan Weiwei 
Published: December 2017

ObjectivesTo evaluate the features of adrenal masses on ultrasonography and correlate the findings with the pathologic diagnoses to help distinguish benign from malignant adrenal lesions.MethodsUltrasonography was performed in 1363 patients with adrenal lesions. The following ultrasonographic parameters were recorded: size, shape, margin, echogenicity, echo texture, cystic necrosis, calcifications, and blood supply. The sensitivity and specificity of aggressive features for predicting malignancy were calculated.ResultsOf 1385 adrenal lesions, 66 (4.8%) were malignant: 33 malignant pheochromocytomas, 20 adrenal cortical carcinomas, 10 metastases, 2 leiomyosarcomas, and 1 primitive neuroectodermal tumor. The remaining 1319 (95.2%) lesions were benign: 832 adenomas, 182 pheochromocytomas, 153 nodular adrenal hyperplasia, 54 myelolipomas, 42 cysts, 23 ganglioneuromas, 10 schwannomas, 8 cortical tumor eosinophils, 4 teratomas, 4 tuberculosis, 4 primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease, and 3 Castleman disease. Most of the tumors were regular and hypoechoic. The malignant lesions were significantly larger than the benign lesions (mean ± SD, 6.3 ± 2.4 versus 4.6 ± 1.7 cm; P < .01). Significant differences between malignant and benign tumors were observed when comparing the shape, margins, echo texture and vascularization of the analyzed lesions (P < .01). An irregular shape, poor definition of margins, heterogeneous echo texture, and vascularization indicated malignancy, with sensitivity and specificity of 45.5% and 97.0%, 34.8% and 99.2%, 92.4% and 97.3%, and 15.2% and 97.5%, respectively.ConclusionsUltrasonography could be an effective diagnostic supplementary tool for adrenal tumors. A large size, irregular shape, poorly defined margins, heterogeneous echo texture, and vascularization of adrenal lesions could be effective indicators of malignancy.
Influence of meteorological phenomena on worldwide aircraft accidents, 1967–2010
Authors: Mazon J. , Rojas J. I. , Lozano M. , Pino D. , Prats X. , Miglietta M. M. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTBased on the information available in databases from relevant national and international organizations from 1967 to 2010, an Aviation Weather Accidents Database (AWAD) was built. According to the AWAD, the weather is the primary cause in a growing percentage of annual aircraft accidents: from about 40% in 1967 to almost 50% in 2010. While the absolute number of fatalities and injured people due to aircraft accidents has decreased significantly, the percentage of fatalities and injured people in accidents attributed to the weather shows a slight increase in the studied period. The influence of turbulence, clear air turbulence, wind shear, low visibility, rain, icing, snow and storms on aircraft accidents was analysed, considering the different phases of flight, the meteorological seasons of the year and the spatial distribution over four zones of the Earth. These zones were defined following meteorological and climatological criteria, instead of using the typical political criteria. A major part of the accidents and accidents attributed to the weather occur in latitudes between 12° and 38° in both hemispheres. It is concluded that actions aimed at reducing the risk associated with low visibility, rain and turbulence, in this order, should have priority to achieve the most significant improvements in air transport safety.
SIW‐induced dualmode dualband loop antenna: A new design insight and guideline
Authors: Choudhury Suvadeep , Mohan Akhilesh , Guha Debatosh 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA quasi‐omnidirectional printed antenna has been developed using Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) technology. The radiating element is realized from a concept of segmented circular SIW cavity through repetitive bifurcation by magnetic walls and also by reshaping its ground plane. The conjecture and design insight have been discussed and demonstrated indicating matching bandwidth of 7.7% (3.49–3.77 GHz for TM010‐like mode) and 21.3% (5.08–6.29 GHz for TM020‐like mode). As much as 2 dBi gain with nonuniform quasi‐omnidirectional radiation patterns has been experimentally documented. This work should find applications in compact wireless transceivers operating in WiMAX (IEEE 802.16) and WLAN (IEEE 802.11) bands.
Microstrip linear phase low pass filter based on defected ground structures for partial response modulation
Authors: Cimoli Bruno , Johansen Tom Keinicke , Olmos Juan José Vegas 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe report a high performance linear phase low pass filter (LPF) designed for partial response (PR) modulations. For the implementation, we adopted microstrip technology and a variant of the standard stepped‐impedance technique. Defected ground structures (DGS) are used for increasing the characteristic impedance of transmission lines. Experimental results prove that the proposed filter can successfully modulate a non‐return‐to‐zero (NRZ) signal into a five levels PR one.
A compact low profile dual‐polarized filtering antenna with metamaterial for wideband base station applications
Authors: Xi Lei , Zhai Huiqing , Li Long 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA compact low profile dual‐polarized filtering antenna with metamaterial for wideband base station applications is proposed in this paper. The antenna is fed by two inverted L type coupled line, artificial magnetic conductor is utilized as the reflector. Meanwhile, a stepped impedance resonator is introduced into the inverted L type feedline to suppress the radiation of the antenna outside the operating band and achieve compact structure. The mentioned antenna has 11.5 mm (0.0958λ0) profile and two frequency doubling suppression characteristics. The return loss of the antenna is <–10 dB from 2.5 to 3.2 GHz. The gain of the proposed antenna is greater than 6.5 dB over the operation band. The filtering antenna is processed and fabricated, and the measured results are consistent with the simulation results.
Design of a vehicle mounted low profile broadband half‐bandwidth loop antenna for RCIED jamming
Authors: Ko DongOk , Lee Chi‐Hun , Woo Jong‐Myung 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn this study, a vehicle mounted antenna for RCIED jamming in the radio frequency band (30 MHz to 3 GHz) is proposed. The proposed antenna integrates a half‐bandwidth loop antenna and a slot antenna for bandwidth broadening. The antenna was made low profile for vehicle mounting. Simulation results produced a 800 mm (height, 0.08λ) × 3 240 mm (length, 0.32λ) dimension antenna that was ∼75% decreased in height compared to a 30 MHz broadband one wavelength loop antenna. The dimensions of the antenna were redesigned to 1/10 scale for convenient manufacturing and measurement. The redesigned 1/10 scale antenna was 80 mm (height, 0.008λ) × 324 mm (length, 0.032λ) according to the simulation and measurement results. The −10 dB bandwidth was 100:1(300 MHz to 30 GHz), so when scaled up by a factor of 10, the radio frequency band would be covered with a band of 30 MHz to 3 GHz. For the polarization sum pattern, the low frequency band showed an oval pattern, while the high frequency band showed a butterfly shaped pattern in the horizontal plane, confirming the suitability of the antenna design for RCIED jamming.
Dual‐band Minkowski–Sierpinski fractal antenna for next generation satellite communications and wireless body area networks
Authors: Karimbu Vallappil Arshad , Khawaja Bilal A. , Khan Imdad , Mustaqim Muhammad 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis article proposes a dual‐band combined Minkowski–Sierpinski carpet fractal antenna for next generation satellite communications, wireless body area networks and C‐band applications. The antenna was designed using CST microwave studio which works on the FDTD method and fabricated using FR4 epoxy glass substrate (ɛr = 4.3 and h = 1.6 mm). The proposed antenna resonates at 4 GHz and 5.9 GHz frequency bands, respectively. The simulated and fabricated results for various parameters like radiation pattern, reflection coefficient (S11), gain, and directivity are presented. The measured −10 dB impedance bandwidth and gain for the fabricated antenna are 120 MHz/0.4 dBi and 160 MHz/6.2 dBi at 4 GHz and 5.9 GHz frequency bands, respectively, which are very practical. The proposed unique antenna design gives an improvement in the bandwidth, gain, and radiation pattern.
Design of compact dual‐mode dual‐band SIW filter with independent tuning capability
Authors: Naeem U. , Khan M. B. , Shafique M. F. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis work reports on a novel design of a compact and tunable filter in substrate integrated waveguide technology. The proposed dual‐band filter is based on resonators that exploit two resonating modes excited in a single SIW cavity. The structure is designed in such a way that the two bands of dual‐band filter each having two poles can be tuned independently. This property of the proposed filter makes it a suitable choice for multistandard applications with fine tuning as envisaged for future generation wireless technologies. The measured results of the fabricated prototypes validate the proposed design concept.
Novel compact millimeter‐wave gap waveguide filter with double‐sided selectivity
Authors: Farahani Hossein S. , Sadeghzadeh Ramezanali 
Published: December 2017

AbstractNovel compact gap waveguide (GW) filter with negative coupling structure is proposed. GW is an attractive technology to design accurate millimeter‐wave components without electrical connection. It takes advantages of high Q‐factor, low loss, capability of integration with MMICs and multilayer implementation. GW features with stacked and negative coupling topology are effectively employed here to bring a high performance interconnect, miniaturized and cost‐effective filter. A fourth‐order Ka‐band filter with two prescribed symmetric transmission zeros is designed and fabricated based on the groove GW platform. The simulation and measurement results verify the validity of the method and exhibit high double‐sided selectivity.
Broadband GaN HEMT distributed power amplifier design with phase adjustment
Authors: Yan Huan Hui , Kumar Narendra , Latef Tarik Abdul , Yarman Binboga Siddik , Grebennikov Andrei 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis letters presents a new wideband power amplifier approach to achieve high performance of wideband frequency operation from low frequency such as 80–2100 MHz for two‐way radio applications. The approach is referring to distributed power amplifier with phase adjustment of the gate line network to balance with drain line network (specifically with drain line tapering). Experimental of the prototype level with gallium nitride high‐electron‐mobility‐transistor demonstrated output power of 41 dBm, flat gain at 12 dB, and bandwidth covering 80 MHz to 2.1 GHz with power added efficiency of 45% under 28 V drain bias. According to the author's knowledge, this work has illustrated a significant enhancement in efficiency over the conventional topology, low cost implementation, and offers wideband operation for public safety applications.
Einblick in Echtzeit: Untersuchung von Batteriematerialien
Authors: Marbella Lauren E. , Pecher Oliver 
Published: December 2017

AbstractFestkörper‐NMR‐Spektroskopie und Magnetresonanztomographie zeigen Kristallstrukturen und Ionendiffusion in Anoden, Kathoden und festen Elektrolyten – bis hin zu dreidimensionalen Bildern. Noch mehr Informationen liefern In‐situ‐NMR‐ und ‐MRT‐Messungen unter den Lade‐ und Entladebedingungen einer Batterie. Wie neue Hardware‐Lösungsansätze dabei helfen, zeigen Beispiele an Lithium‐ und Natriumionenbatterien.
Controller design for personalized drug administration in cancer therapy: Successive approximation approach
Authors: Babaei Naser , Salamci Metin U. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryA novel controller design approach is developed to determine personalized chemotherapy drug delivery protocols for cancer treatment. The methodology combines successive approximation approach for optimal control and model reference adaptive control to realize the proposed drug administration scenario for patients without prior knowledge of model parameters in the nonlinear cancer dynamics. Although many approaches have been proposed to determine the optimal drug delivery protocol for eradicating tumor in the nonlinear cancer model, the main shortcoming of these approaches is the requirement of nonlinear model dynamics, which is unknown to physicians in reality. To overcome this deficiency, we first determine the optimal drug delivery protocol for a reference patient with known mathematical model and parameters via successive approximation approach technique. Then, using the proposed approach, we adapt the reference patient's drug administration scenario to unknown cancer patients by suggesting a new adaptation mechanism for the unknown nonlinear plant dynamics. An efficient and robust approach is proposed here for the physicians to prescribe a personalized chemotherapy protocol for a cancer patient by regulating the drug delivery protocol of a reference patient. The efficacy of the proposed algorithm in eradicating the tumor lumps with different sizes in several patients is verified using numerical simulations in which the unknown parameters are randomly selected in the Monte Carlo approach.