bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Initial elevation bias in subjective reports
Authors: Shrout Patrick E. , Stadler Gertraud , Lane Sean P. , McClure M. Joy , Jackson Grace L. , Clavél Frederick D. , Iida Masumi , Gleason Marci E. J. , Xu Joy H. , Bolger Niall 
Published: December 2017

Significance
People’s reports of their own thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are essential assessment tools in biomedical and social science. When subjective states have been studied over time, however, researchers have often observed an unpredicted and puzzling decrease with repeated assessments. Our results across multiple outcomes in four field experiments suggest that this pattern is due to an initial elevation bias. This effect is larger for reports of internal states than for behaviors and for negative mental states and physical symptoms than for positive states. This initial elevation bias needs to be considered in all types of research using subjective reports.
Artificial antibody created by conformational reconstruction of the complementary-determining region on gold nanoparticles
Authors: Yan Gui-Hua , Wang Kun , Shao Zhuxue , Luo Lei , Song Zheng-Mei , Chen Jingqi , Jin Rong , Deng Xiaoyong , Wang Haifang , Cao Zhonglian , Liu Yuanfang , Cao Aoneng 
Published: December 2017

Significance
Mimicking protein-like specific interactions and functions has been a long-pursued goal in nanotechnology. The key challenge is to precisely organize nonfunctional surface groups on nanoparticles into specific 3D conformations to function in a concerted and orchestrated manner. Here, we develop a method to graft the complementary-determining regions of natural antibodies onto nanoparticles and reconstruct their “active” conformation to create nanoparticle-based artificial antibodies that recognize the corresponding antigens. Our work demonstrates that it is possible to create functions on nanoparticles by conformational engineering, namely tuning flexible surface groups into specific conformations. Our straightforward strategy could be used further to create other artificial antibodies for various applications and provides a new tool to understand the structure and folding of natural proteins.
Nonequilibrium internal energy distributions during dissociation
Authors: Singh Narendra , Schwartzentruber Thomas 
Published: December 2017

Significance
Predicting the extent of air dissociation in thin shock layers created by hypersonic vehicles is challenging due to coupling between gas internal energy and chemical reactions. Thermochemical nonequilibrium flow models, capable of predicting the heat flux and the flux of reactive atomic species to the vehicle surface, are critical for heat shield design. Whereas existing continuum models do not account for non-Boltzmann rotational and vibrational energy distributions and coupling to dissociation, we develop a model based on recent ab initio calculations that does.
Form finding in elastic gridshells
Authors: Baek Changyeob , Sageman-Furnas Andrew O. , Jawed Mohammad K. , Reis Pedro M. 
Published: December 2017

Significance
Elastic gridshells arise from the buckling of an initially planar grid of rods. The interaction of elasticity and geometric constraints makes their actuated shapes difficult to predict using classical methods. However, recent progress in extreme mechanics reveals the benefits of structures that buckle by design, when exploiting underlying geometry. Here, we demonstrate the geometry-driven nature of elastic gridshells. We use a geometric model, originally for woven fabric, to rationalize their actuated shapes and describe their nonlocal response to loading. Validation is provided with precision experiments and rod-based simulations. The prominence of geometry in elastic gridshells that we identify should allow for our results to transfer across length scales from architectural structures to micro/nano–1-df mechanical actuators and self-assembly systems.
Accurate quantification of brown adipose tissue mass by xenon-enhanced computed tomography
Authors: Branca Rosa T. , McCallister Andrew , Yuan Hong , Aghajanian Amir , Faber James E. , Weimer Nicholas , Buchanan Riley , Floyd Carlos S. , Antonacci Michael , Zhang Le , Burant Alex 
Published: December 2017

Significance
The search for new obesity drug targets and the rediscovery of active brown fat (brown adipose tissue; BAT) in adult humans has triggered a BAT renaissance. However, the assumption that this tissue plays a key role in energy balance in humans, as it does in rodents, is still a matter of debate. This is because BAT mass cannot be correctly quantified by current imaging techniques, as these are either nonspecific or lack the necessary sensitivity to detect BAT, especially in obese phenotypes. Here, we show that xenon-enhanced computed tomography can accurately quantify BAT mass, especially in obese mouse phenotypes in which extensive BAT hypertrophy hampers the detection of this tissue by current tomographic imaging techniques.
College completion predicts lower depression but higher metabolic syndrome among disadvantaged minorities in young adulthood
Authors: Gaydosh Lauren , Schorpp Kristen M. , Chen Edith , Miller Gregory E. , Harris Kathleen Mullan 
Published: December 2017

Significance
College graduates enjoy healthier, longer lives compared with individuals who do not graduate from college. However, the health benefit of educational attainment is not as great for blacks as it is for whites. Moreover, college completion may not erase the detrimental effects of early-life disadvantage for blacks and Hispanics. We use nationally representative data on young adults to test whether American minorities experience differential returns to educational attainment. We find that college completion predicts lower rates of depression for all racial groups. It also predicts lower metabolic syndrome among whites. However, college completion predicts higher metabolic syndrome among black and Hispanic adults from disadvantaged backgrounds, suggesting upward mobility may come at a health cost to young minorities in America.
Conserved epitope on influenza-virus hemagglutinin head defined by a vaccine-induced antibody
Authors: Raymond Donald D. , Bajic Goran , Ferdman Jack , Suphaphiphat Pirada , Settembre Ethan C. , Moody M. Anthony , Schmidt Aaron G. , Harrison Stephen C. 
Published: December 2017

Significance
Antigenic variation requires frequent revision of annual influenza vaccines. Next-generation vaccine design strategies aim to elicit a broader immunity by directing the human immune response toward conserved sites on the principal viral surface protein, the hemagglutinin (HA). We describe a group of antibodies that recognize a hitherto unappreciated, conserved site on the HA of H1 subtype influenza viruses. Mutations in that site, which required a change in the H1 component of the 2017 vaccine, had not previously “taken over” among circulating H1 viruses. Our results encourage vaccine design strategies that resurface a protein to focus the immune response on a specific region.
Basal resistance enhances warming tolerance of alien over indigenous species across latitude
Authors: Janion-Scheepers Charlene , Phillips Laura , Sgrò Carla M. , Duffy Grant A. , Hallas Rebecca , Chown Steven L. 
Published: December 2017

Significance
How climate change and biological invasions interact to affect biodiversity is of major concern to conservation. Quantitative evidence for the nature of climate change–invasion interactions is, however, limited. For the soil ecosystem fauna, such evidence is nonexistent. Yet across the globe, soil-dwelling animals regulate belowground functioning and have pronounced influences on aboveground dynamics. Using springtails as an exemplar taxon, widely known to have species-specific effects on below- and aboveground dynamics, we show that across a wide latitudinal span (16–54°S), alien species have greater ability to tolerate climate change-associated warming than do their indigenous counterparts. The consequences of such consistent differences are profound given globally significant invasions of soil systems by springtails.
Weyl–Kondo semimetal in heavy-fermion systems
Authors: Lai Hsin-Hua , Grefe Sarah E. , Paschen Silke , Si Qimiao 
Published: December 2017

Significance
While electronic states with nontrivial topology have traditionally been known in insulators, they have been evidenced in metals during the past 2 years. Such Weyl semimetals show topological protection while conducting electricity both in the bulk and on the surface. An outstanding question is whether topological protection can happen in metals with strong correlations. Here, we report theoretical work on a strongly correlated lattice model to demonstrate the emergence of a Weyl–Kondo semimetal. We identify Weyl fermions in the bulk and Fermi arcs on the surface, both of which are associated with the many-body phenomenon called the Kondo effect. We determine a key signature of this Weyl–Kondo semimetal, which is realized in a recently discovered heavy-fermion compound.
SIMS analyses of the oldest known assemblage of microfossils document their taxon-correlated carbon isotope compositions
Authors: Schopf J. William , Kitajima Kouki , Spicuzza Michael J. , Kudryavtsev Anatoliy B. , Valley John W. 
Published: December 2017

Significance
Although the existence of the Archaea (one of three all-encompassing domains of life) in the Archean Eon (4,000 to 2,500 million years ago) has been inferred from carbon isotopes in bulk samples of ancient rocks, their cellular fossils have been unknown. We here present carbon isotope analyses of 11 microbial fossils from the ∼3,465-million-year-old Western Australian Apex chert from which we infer that two of the five species studied were primitive photosynthesizers, one was an Archaeal methane producer, and two others were methane consumers. This discovery of Archaea in the Archean is consistent with the rRNA “tree of life,” confirms the earlier disputed biogenicity of the Apex fossils, and suggests that methane-cycling methanogen−methanotroph communities were a significant component of Earth’s early biosphere.
Conflicts in the coastal zone: human impacts on commercially important fish species utilizing coastal habitat
Authors: Brown Elliot J , Vasconcelos Rita P , Wennhage Håkan , Bergström Ulf , Støttrup Josianne G , van de Wolfshaar Karen , Millisenda Giacomo , Colloca Francesco , Le Pape Olivier 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Coastal ecosystems are ecologically, culturally, and economically important, and hence are under pressure from diverse human activities. We reviewed the literature for existing evidence of effects of human-induced habitat changes on exploited fish utilizing coastal habitats. We focused on fish species of the Northeast Atlantic for which fisheries advice is provided by International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) and which utilize coastal habitats for at least one life-history stage (LHS). We found that 92% of these species are impacted by human activity in at least one LHS while utilizing coastal habitat and 38% in multiple stages. Anthropogenic pressures most commonly shown to impact these fish species were toxicants and pollutants (75% of species). Eutrophication and anoxia, invasive species, and physical coastal development affected about half of the species (58, 54, and 42% of species, respectively), while indirect fishing impacts affected a minority (17% of species). Moreover, 71% of the ICES advice species that utilize coastal habitats face impacts from more than one pressure, implying cumulative effects. Given that three-fourths of the commercial landings come from fish species utilizing coastal habitats, there is an obvious need for a better understanding of the impacts that human activities cause in these habitats for the development of ecosystem-based fisheries management.
A snapshot of health information exchange across five nations: an investigation of frontline clinician experiences in emergency care
Authors: Klapman Seth , Sher Emily , Adler-Milstein Julia 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectiveEnsuring the ability to exchange patient information among disparate electronic health records systems is a top priority and a domain of substantial public investment across countries. However, we know little about the extent to which current capabilities meet the needs of frontline clinicians.Materials and MethodsWe conducted in-person, semistructured interviews with emergency care physicians and nurses in select hospitals in Canada, Denmark, Finland, Germany, and the USA. We characterized the state of health information exchange (HIE) by country and used thematic analysis to identify the perceived benefits of access to complete past medical history (PMH), the conditions under which PMH is sought, and the challenges to accessing and using HIE capabilities.ResultsHIE approaches, and the information electronically accessible to clinicians, differed by country. Benefits of access to PMH included safer care, reduced patient length of stay, and fewer lab and imaging orders. Conditions under which PMH was sought included moderate-acuity patients, patients with chronic conditions, and instances where accessing PMH was convenient. Challenges to HIE access and use included difficulty knowing where information is located, delay in receiving information, and difficulty finding information within documents.DiscussionEven with different HIE approaches across countries, all clinicians reported shortcomings in their country’s approach. Notably, challenges were similar and shaped the conditions under which PMH was sought.ConclusionAs countries continue to pursue broad-based HIE, they appear to be facing similar challenges in realizing HIE value and therefore have an opportunity to learn from one another.
Designing and evaluating an automated system for real-time medication administration error detection in a neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Ni Yizhao , Lingren Todd , Hall Eric S , Leonard Matthew , Melton Kristin , Kirkendall Eric S 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundTimely identification of medication administration errors (MAEs) promises great benefits for mitigating medication errors and associated harm. Despite previous efforts utilizing computerized methods to monitor medication errors, sustaining effective and accurate detection of MAEs remains challenging. In this study, we developed a real-time MAE detection system and evaluated its performance prior to system integration into institutional workflows.MethodsOur prospective observational study included automated MAE detection of 10 high-risk medications and fluids for patients admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center during a 4-month period. The automated system extracted real-time medication use information from the institutional electronic health records and identified MAEs using logic-based rules and natural language processing techniques. The MAE summary was delivered via a real-time messaging platform to promote reduction of patient exposure to potential harm. System performance was validated using a physician-generated gold standard of MAE events, and results were compared with those of current practice (incident reporting and trigger tools).ResultsPhysicians identified 116 MAEs from 10 104 medication administrations during the study period. Compared to current practice, the sensitivity with automated MAE detection was improved significantly from 4.3% to 85.3% (P = .009), with a positive predictive value of 78.0%. Furthermore, the system showed potential to reduce patient exposure to harm, from 256 min to 35 min (P &lt; .001).ConclusionsThe automated system demonstrated improved capacity for identifying MAEs while guarding against alert fatigue. It also showed promise for reducing patient exposure to potential harm following MAE events.
International Cognition and Cancer Task Force Recommendations for Neuroimaging Methods in the Study of Cognitive Impairment in Non-CNS Cancer Patients
Authors: Deprez Sabine , Kesler Shelli R , Saykin Andrew J , Silverman Daniel H S , de Ruiter Michiel B , McDonald Brenna C 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cancer- and treatment-related cognitive changes have been a focus of increasing research since the early 1980s, with meta-analyses demonstrating poorer performance in cancer patients in cognitive domains including executive functions, processing speed, and memory. To facilitate collaborative efforts, in 2011 the International Cognition and Cancer Task Force (ICCTF) published consensus recommendations for core neuropsychological tests for studies of cancer populations. Over the past decade, studies have used neuroimaging techniques, including structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and positron emission tomography, to examine the underlying brain basis for cancer- and treatment-related cognitive declines. As yet, however, there have been no consensus recommendations to guide researchers new to this field or to promote the ability to combine data sets. We first discuss important methodological issues with regard to neuroimaging study design, scanner considerations, and sequence selection, focusing on concerns relevant to cancer populations. We propose a minimum recommended set of sequences, including a high-resolution T1-weighted volume and a resting state fMRI scan. Additional advanced imaging sequences are discussed for consideration when feasible, including task-based fMRI and diffusion tensor imaging. Important image data processing and analytic considerations are also reviewed. These recommendations are offered to facilitate increased use of neuroimaging in studies of cancer- and treatment-related cognitive dysfunction. They are not intended to discourage investigator-initiated efforts to develop cutting-edge techniques, which will be helpful in advancing the state of the knowledge. Use of common imaging protocols will facilitate multicenter and data-pooling initiatives, which are needed to address critical mechanistic research questions.
Profound hearing loss following surgery in pediatric patients with posterior fossa low-grade glioma
Authors: Ghazwani Yahya , Qaddoumi Ibrahim , Bass Johnnie K , Wu Shengjie , Chiang Jason , Boop Frederick , Gajjar Amar , Sadighi Zsila 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Background
Hearing loss may occur in patients with posterior fossa low-grade glioma who undergo surgery.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed 217 patients with posterior fossa low-grade glioma, including 115 for whom results of hearing tests performed after surgery and before chemotherapy or radiation therapy were available. We explored the association of UHL with age at diagnosis, sex, race, tumor location, extent of resection, posterior fossa syndrome, ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement, and histology.

Results
Of the 115 patients, 15 (13.0%: 11 male, 6 black, 8 white, 1 multiracial; median age 7 years [range, 1.3–17.2 years]) had profound UHL after surgery alone or before receiving ototoxic therapy. Median age at tumor diagnosis was 6.8 years (range, 0.7–14.1 years), and median age at surgery was 6.8 years (range, 0.7–14.1 years). Patients with UHL had pathology characteristic of pilocytic astrocytoma (n = 10), ganglioglioma (n = 4), or low-grade astrocytoma (n = 1). Of these 15 patients, 4 underwent biopsy, 1 underwent gross total resection, 1 underwent near-total resection, and 9 underwent subtotal resection. UHL was more frequent in black patients than in white patients (OR 7.3, P = .007) and less frequent in patients who underwent gross total resection or near-total resection than in those who underwent subtotal resection (OR 0.11, P = .02).

Conclusions
Children undergoing surgery for posterior fossa low-grade glioma are at risk for UHL, which may be related to race or extent of resection. These patients should receive postoperative audiologic testing, as earlier intervention may improve outcomes.
Identification of Subsets of Genetic Alterations in KRAS-mutant Lung Cancer using Association Rule Mining
Authors: Tayou Junior 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundLung cancer is the leading cause of all cancer death accounting for 1 out of 4 cancer-related death in both men and women. KRAS mutations occur in ~ 25% of patients with lung cancer, and the presence of these mutations is associated with poor prognosis. Efforts to directly target KRAS or associated downstream MAPK or the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways have seen little or no benefits. One probable reason for the lack of progress in targeting KRAS-mutant tumors is the co-occurrence of other cell survival pathways and mechanisms.Method and resultsTo identify other potential cell survival pathways in subsets of KRAS-mutant tumors, I performed unsupervised machine learning on somatic mutations in metastatic lung cancer from 725 patient samples. I identified 67 other genes that were mutated in at least 10% of the samples with KRAS alterations. This gene list was enriched with genes involved in the MAPK, AKT and STAT3 pathways, cell-cell adhesion, DNA repair, chromatin remodeling, and the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway. I also identified 160 overlapping subsets of 3 or more genes that code for oncogenic or oncosuppressive proteins that were mutated in at least 10% of KRAS-mutant tumors.ConclusionsIn this study, I identified genes that are co-mutated in KRAS-mutant lung cancer. I also identify subpopulations of KRAS-mutant lung cancer based on the set of genes that were also altered in the tumor samples. The design of research models that captures these subsets of KRAS-mutant tumors would enhance our understanding of the disease and facilitate personalized treatment for lung cancer patients with KRAS alterations.
A cytoplasmic Argonaute protein promotes the inheritance of RNAi
Authors: Xu Fei , Feng Xuezhu , Chen Xiangyang , Weng Chenchun , Yan Qi , Xu Ting , Hong Minjie , Guang Shouhong 
Published: December 2017

SummaryRNAi-elicited gene silencing is heritable and can persist for multiple generations after its initial induction in C. elegans. However, the mechanism by which parental-acquired trait-specific information from RNAi is inherited by the progenies is not fully understood. Here, we identified a cytoplasmic Argonaute protein, WAGO-4, necessary for the inheritance of RNAi. WAGO-4 exhibits asymmetrical translocation to the germline during early embryogenesis, accumulates at the perinuclear foci in the germline, and is required for the inheritance of exogenous RNAi targeting both germline- and soma-expressed genes. WAGO-4 binds to 22G-RNAs and their mRNA targets. Interestingly, WAGO-4-associated endogenous 22G-RNAs target the same cohort of germline genes as CSR-1 and contain untemplated addition of uracil at the 3’ ends. The poly(U) polymerase CDE-1 is required for the untemplated uridylation of 22G-RNAs and inheritance of RNAi. Therefore, we conclude that, in addition to the nuclear RNAi pathway, the cytoplasmic RNAi machinery also promotes RNAi inheritance.
The impact of workplace placement on students’ entrepreneurial attitude
Authors: Manning Louise , Parrott Patricia 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to determine the impact of a workplace placement on the student participants’ self-reported entrepreneurial attitude (EA).

Design/methodology/approach
A review of relevant literature informed questions incorporated in the university’s annual feedback questionnaire completed by students (n=461) on return from a work placement of between 44 and 52 weeks.

Findings
The study has shown that both gender and entrepreneurial legacy influence baseline and post-placement EA (p<0.05). The interaction between EA, social learning, perceived behavioural control, subjective norms and perceived relational support was also considered.

Originality/value
This research provides context for further qualitative work in this area, especially the influence of gender and entrepreneurial legacy on reported baseline EA and EA post work placement and will inform pedagogical development in terms of embedding entrepreneurial teaching in future curriculum development at the university.