bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low dark current and low voltage germanium avalanche photodetector for a silicon photonic link
Authors: Li Xuetong , Qu Huan , Liu Xiaobin , Xie Qijie , Wang Weipeng , Li Yingzhi , Chen Baisong , Hu Heming , Li Jie , Zhi Zihao , Lo Patrick , Na Quanxin , Li Xueyan , Wang Lei , Hu Xiaolong , Song Junfeng 
Published: October 2024

Germanium (Ge)-silicon (Si)-based avalanche photodetectors (APDs) featured by a high absorption coefficient in the near-infrared band have gained wide applications in laser ranging, free space communication, quantum communication, and so on. However, the Ge APDs fabricated by the complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process suffer from a large dark current and limited responsivity, imposing a critical challenge on integrated silicon photonic links. In this work, we propose a p-i-n-i-n type Ge APD consisting of an intrinsic germanium layer functioning as both avalanche and absorption regions and an intrinsic silicon layer for dark current reduction. Consequently, a Ge APD with a low dark current, low bias voltage, and high responsivity can be obtained via a standard silicon photonics platform. In the experimental measurement, the Ge APD is characterized by a high primary responsivity of 1.1 A/W with a low dark current as low as 7.42 nA and a dark current density of 6.1×10−11  A/μm2 at a bias voltage of −2  V. In addition, the avalanche voltage of the Ge APD is −8.4  V and the measured 3 dB bandwidth of the Ge APD can reach 25 GHz. We have also demonstrated the capability of data reception on 32 Gbps non-return-to-zero (NRZ) optical signal, which has potential application for silicon photonic data links.
Estimating the risk and spatial spread of measles in populations with high MMR uptake: Using school-household networks to understand the 2013 to 2014 outbreak in the Netherlands
Authors: Munday James D. , Atkins Katherine E. , Klinkenberg Don , Meurs Marc , Fleur Erik , Hahné Susan JM , Wallinga Jacco , Jan van Hoek Albert 
Published: October 2024

Background
Measles outbreaks are still routine, even in countries where vaccination coverage exceeds the guideline of 95%. Therefore, achieving ambitions for measles eradication will require understanding of how unvaccinated children interact with others who are unvaccinated. It is well established that schools and homes are key settings for both clustering of unvaccinated children and for transmission of infection. In this study, we evaluate the potential for contacts between unvaccinated children in these contexts to facilitate measles outbreaks with a focus on the Netherlands, where large outbreaks have been observed periodically since the introduction of mumps, measles and rubella (MMR).

Methods and findings
We created a network of all primary and secondary schools in the Netherlands based on the total number of household pairs between each school. A household pair are siblings from the same household who attend a different school. We parameterised the network with individual level administrative school and household data provided by the Dutch Ministry for Education and estimates of school level uptake of the MMR vaccine. We analysed the network to establish the relative strength of contact between schools and found that schools associated with low vaccine uptake are highly connected, aided by a differentiated school system in the Netherlands (Coleman homophily index (CHI) = 0.63). We simulated measles outbreaks on the network and evaluated the model against empirical measles data per postcode area from a large outbreak in 2013 (2,766 cases). We found that the network-based model could reproduce the observed size and spatial distribution of the historic outbreak much more clearly than the alternative models, with a case weighted receiver operating characteristic (ROC) sensitivity of 0.94, compared to 0.17 and 0.26 for models that do not account for specific network structure or school-level vaccine uptake, respectively. The key limitation of our framework is that it neglects transmission routes outside of school and household contexts.

Conclusions
Our framework indicates that clustering of unvaccinated children in primary schools connected by unvaccinated children in related secondary schools lead to large, connected clusters of unvaccinated children. Using our approach, we could explain historical outbreaks on a spatial level. Our framework could be further developed to aid future outbreak response.
Gaussian Mixture Regression Model with Sparsity for Clustering of Territory Risk in Auto Insurance
Authors: Xie Shengkun , Gan Chong , Lawniczak Anna T. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Insurance rating territory design and accurate estimation of territory risk relativities are fundamental aspects of auto insurance rate regulation. It is crucial to develop methodologies that can facilitate the effective design of rating territories and their risk relativities estimate, as they directly impact the rate filing and the decision support of the rate change review process. This article proposes a Gaussian Mixture Regression model clustering approach for territory design. The proposed method incorporates a linear regression model, taking spatial location as model covariates, which helps estimate the cluster mean more accurately. Also, to further enhance the estimation of territory risk relativities, we impose sparsity through sparse matrix decomposition of the membership coefficient matrix obtained from the Gaussian Mixture Regression model. By transitioning from the current hard clustering method to a soft approach, our methodology could improve the evaluation of territory risk for rate-making purposes. Moreover, using non-negative sparse matrix approximation ensures that the estimation of risk relativities for basic rating units remains smooth, effectively eliminating data noise from the territory risk relativity estimate. Overall, our novel methodology aims to significantly enhance the accuracy and reliability of risk analysis in auto insurance. Furthermore, the proposed method exhibits potential for extension to various other domains that involve spatial clustering of data, thereby broadening its applicability and expanding its usefulness beyond auto insurance rate regulation.
MINTspace – Ein interaktiver Experimentierraum in der Bibliothek
Authors: Willers Radke Jörn , Rudnik Julian , Helmkamp Kerstin 
Published: October 2024

Zusammenfassung
Der MINTspace ist ein 2024 fertiggestellter Lern- und Experimentierraum in der Zentralbibliothek der Universitätsbibliothek Kiel. Mit seiner Einrichtung, unter anderem stehen 3D-Drucker, Mikroskope, AR-Brille, Lötstation und Experimentierbedarf bereit, bietet er unterschiedliche Wissenszugänge für alle Nutzenden der Bibliothek. Er ist auf die Bedarfe vielfältiger Zielgruppen, insbesondere von Studierenden der MINT-Fächer, aber auch darüber hinaus zugeschnitten.
Der MINTspace hat sich während des von 2020 bis 2025 laufenden Umbaus der Zentralbibliothek zu einem Kernstück der Gesamtkonzeption entwickelt. Er wurde von Mitarbeitenden der Abteilung Lernen und Lehren (Bereich Physik und Chemie) gemeinsam mit weiteren Abteilungen der Universitätsbibliothek sowie dem Gebäudemanagement der Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel in einem ehemaligen großen Gruppenarbeitsraum konzipiert, erarbeitet und aufgebaut.
Zukunft der VD – Vision einer forschungsadäquaten Nationalbibliographie der frühen Neuzeit
Authors: Lauer Gerhard , Limbach Saskia , Reske Christoph , Scheibe Michaela , Weichselbaumer Nikolaus 
Published: October 2024

Zusammenfassung
VD 16, VD 17 und VD 18 erfassen als retrospektive Nationalbibliographie die Drucke des deutschen Sprachraums von 1500 bis 1800 und sind wichtige Werkzeuge für die Erforschung der europäischen Kulturgeschichte. Mit über 730.000 katalogisierten und rund 587.000 digitalisierten Titeln bieten sie großes Potenzial für Distant-Reading-Ansätze. Der Beitrag beschreibt die Herausforderungen und Perspektiven der Weiterentwicklung der drei VD mit ihren gewachsenen Datenbeständen. Die Zukunft der VD liegt im Aufbau eines zentralen Index und der Verbesserung der Daten und Beteiligungsstrukturen für eine forschungsfreundliche Nationalbibliographie der frühen Neuzeit.
Artificial neural network models for forecasting the extracted yield of essential oils from Curcuma longa L. by hydro-distillation
Authors: Babamiri Paniz Salimi , Zarenezhad Bahman , Khajenoori Maryam 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Turmeric is commonly acknowledged in traditional medical practices for its strong healing properties. In the present work, hydro-distillation was employed to extract essential oils from turmeric powder. The response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to investigate the effects of various parameters, including evaporation rate (0.23, 0.5, 0.8, 0.97, 1.36, 2 ml/min), solid/liquid ratio (4:100, 6:100, 8:100, 1:10, 11:100 g/ml), and extraction duration (13–250 min) on the yield of essential oils. The central composite design (CCD) proved to be an effective tool for evaluating the extraction yield of essential oils. A three-layer artificial neural network (ANN) was utilized to develop the extraction model, employing the Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) optimization algorithm. The neural network’s input layer comprised the solid/liquid ratio, evaporation rate, and extraction time, while the output layer indicated the yield of essential oil extraction. The most appropriate model included a hidden layer with 16 neurons, achieving R
2 and MSE values of 0.9989 and 0.0013, respectively. This investigation indicates that an artificial neural network prediction model serves as an effective method for estimating essential oil yield.
Acute fatty liver of pregnancy with transient resolution preceding postpartum liver failure requiring liver transplant
Authors: Lee Rachel , Herrera Kimberly , Bernasko James 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP) is a rare, potentially fatal complication of unknown etiology that occurs in the third trimester or early postpartum and can be associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. The purpose of this report is to share a case of AFLP in which a period of objective and symptomatic resolution preceded delayed postpartum liver failure and liver transplant.

Case presentation
A 35-year-old G3P0020 female experienced preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) at 32 weeks’ gestation and AFLP. She delivered vaginally and despite apparent initial disease resolution, was found 22 days later to have fulminant acute liver failure that required liver transplantation.

Conclusions
AFLP should be monitored closely postpartum even if disease parameters initially appear to resolve after delivery.
Large-scale fabrication of meta-axicon with circular polarization on CMOS platform
Authors: Han Gyu-Won , Jang Jaewon , Park Minsu , Cho Hui Jae , Song Jungchul , Park Yeonsang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Metasurfaces, consisting of arrays of subwavelength structures, are lightweight and compact while being capable of implementing the functions of traditional bulky optical components. Furthermore, they have the potential to significantly improve complex optical systems in terms of space and cost, as they can simultaneously implement multiple functions. The wafer-scale mass production method based on the CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) process plays a crucial role in the modern semiconductor industry. This approach can also be applied to the production of metasurfaces, thereby accelerating the entry of metasurfaces into industrial applications. In this study, we demonstrated the mass production of large-area meta-axicons with a diameter of 2 mm on an 8-inch wafer using DUV (Deep Ultraviolet) photolithography. The proposed meta-axicon designed here is based on PB (Pancharatnam–Berry) phase and is engineered to simultaneously modulate the phase and polarization of light. In practice, the fabricated meta-axicon generated a circularly polarized Bessel beam with a depth of focus (DoF) of approximately 2.3 mm in the vicinity of 980 nm. We anticipate that the mass production of large-area meta-axicons on this CMOS platform can offer various advantages in optical communication, laser drilling, optical trapping, and tweezing applications.
A comparative investigation of neutron and gamma radiation interaction properties of zircaloy-2 and zircaloy-4 with consideration of mechanical properties
Authors: Sen Baykal Duygu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study has established the radiation shielding efficacy of zircaloy-2 and zircaloy-4 over a wide spectrum of energy levels. Using the Monte Carlo method, the gamma and neutron transmission factors (TF and nTF) were calculated for various energy levels. Zircaloy-2 demonstrated the highest gamma-ray absorption capacity and the lowest neutron absorption capacity among the investigated alloys. The results indicate that zircaloy-2 and zircaloy-4 have nearly the same neutron transmission characteristics. Although many studies have examined the structure and physical characteristics of these materials, there has been a lack of Monte Carlo simulations to comprehensively investigate the correlation between gamma absorption, neutron absorption parameters, and mechanical qualities. This research aims to examine the ability of zirconium and its zircaloy-2 and zircaloy-4 alloys, which are critical materials used in the nuclear industry, to absorb gamma and neutron radiation over a broad spectrum of frequencies. According to the results, zircaloy-2 has the best ability to absorb secondary gamma rays and the highest level of resistance to them. Despite the minimal disparity in the nTF between the two alloys, simulation results have shown that zircaloy-2 has a higher level of neutron transmittance. These results have the potential to expedite the development of novel materials with enhanced attributes for various applications.
A data science approach to optimize ADHD assessment with the BRIEF-2 questionnaire
Authors: Caselles-Pina Lucía , del Amo Paula Serna , Aguado David , López-Castromán Jorge , Sanjuán-Antúnez Juan de Dios , Delgado-Gómez David 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder. A key challenge associated with this condition is achieving an early diagnosis. The current study seeks to anticipate and delineate the assessments offered by both parents and teachers concerning a child’s behavior and overall functioning with the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-2 (BRIEF-2). Mothers, fathers, and teachers of 59 children diagnosed or in the process of being assessed for ADHD participated in this study. The responses provided by 59 mothers, 59 fathers, and 57 teachers to the BRIEF-2 questionnaire were collected. The performance of various feature selection techniques, including Lasso, decision trees, random forest, extreme gradient boosting, and forward stepwise regression, was evaluated. The results indicate that Lasso stands out as the optimal method for our dataset, striking an ideal balance between accuracy and interpretability. A repeated validation analysis reveals an average positive correlation exceeding 0.5 between the inattention/hyperactivity scores reported by informants (mother, father, or teacher) and the predictions derived from Lasso. This performance is achieved using only approximately 18% of the BRIEF-2 items. These findings underscore the usefulness of variable selection techniques in accurately characterizing a patient’s condition while employing a small subset of assessment items. This efficiency is particularly valuable in time-constrained settings and contributes to improving the comprehension of ADHD.
Verbalisations of Emotions in the Sociolect of Secondary School Students in the Light of Survey Research
Authors: Drożdż Krzysztof 
Published: October 2024

The article contains the results of a survey on words within one of the lexical-semantic fields that can be distinguished among Polish secondary school students – the issue of using messages regarding effects/feelings in informal situations. The aim of the study was to isolate units of articles regarding emotions and their descriptions. Source material for the 1765 survey. Follow-up additional advanced testing descriptive section. The quantitative range is indicated as fields, and its exclusion is displayed based on the survey results. Featured include: colloquialisms (chicken face, embarrassment); profanity (whore); descriptions of the internal state and situation (I made a blunder, it was a disaster); loanwords and their innovations (lofciam, wiksa). The collected material makes it possible to present and partially discuss lexemes, nominative phrases, utterances and sentences used by students from selected secondary schools. The content presented in the article is real material obtained during several years of research.
Translated Poetry in Late Soviet Latvia: sporadic modernism and the construction of world literature
Authors: Ivars Šteinbergs  
Published: October 2024

The article builds upon previous work that has been written about the connection between translation and colonial endeavours (Tymoczko, 1999; Robinson, 2014), as well as the research done in the field of Baltic post-colonialism (Annus, 2018), and focuses on cases of poetic production in Soviet Latvia during the time after de-Stalinization. By surveying data on the publication of books of translated poetry in Latvia after 1956 – when knowledge of Stalin’s terror disseminated, the study reveals how translation was used to strengthen Soviet power in occupied territories. The “world” that was being represented through translation was largely Eurocentric and Russocentric. Simultaneously, from the 1960s onward, several Latvian translators wrote translations and poems that survive both as documents of cultural others, and as testimonies of local noncompliance. These works are imbued with modernist poetics that was unfamiliar to or even condemned by the propagators of socialist realism, the official and ideologically saturated aesthetic promoted by the Soviet regime. The article suggests reading such texts as a kind of sporadic modernism within Soviet Latvia.
Multifunctionality of two-dimensional sheets actuated by chemical pumps and motors
Authors: Shklyaev Oleg E. , Manna Raj Kumar , Balazs Anna C. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBased on computational modeling, the interaction between catalyst-coated surfaces and flexible micro-to-mesoscale two-dimensional (2D) sheets in solution promotes the self-organization of individual sheets into complex three-dimensional (3D) dynamic forms, including intertwined, self-spinning structures, coupled oscillators and motile, shape-shifting layers. These findings can hasten the development of active, reconfigurable interfaces needed for human–machine interactions. Furthermore, one sheet that autonomously reconfigures into multiple 3D shapes is beneficial for manufacturing, reducing the need to fabricate a new structure for each separate application. More generally, because the flexible 2D sheets display greater degrees of freedom than the previously studied hard zero-dimensional and one-dimensional particles, these elastic layers can reveal new, dynamic behavior in chemically active systems.
Graphical abstract
The carnal dimension of love of Catholic spouses
Authors: Lichtenberg-Kokoszka Emilia , Banasik Joanna 
Published: October 2024

According to the Encyclical Humanae vitae of Pope Paul VI, conjugal love should be human (sensual and spiritual), full, faithful and exclusive, and fruitful. Human sexuality has a purpose and meaning. In addition to the procreative meaning, it also contains a bonding element, openness to the needs of the other, love, care, interest. However, to be complete, it requires communication, also in terms of intimate needs. Their proper satisfaction, with the appropriate level of maturity and religious activity, is the basis for marital fidelity. A proper understanding of the essence of sexuality allows the development of openness to life and the selection of appropriate methods of family planning, consistent with moral standards. For Christians, religious principles are the basis for understanding human nature, also in the sexual dimension, at the same time being the basis for formulating and understanding adequate norms derived from natural law. Respecting the principles of Catholic moral ethics puts marriage and family life in order. The aim of the considerations is to present human sexuality as an expression of conjugal love, which should be human, full, faithful, exclusive and fertile. In order to consider the normative significance of religion in the sex life of Catholic couples, a critical analysis of various sources was conducted. This included examining Church documents, books, and articles in scientific journals. The method applied in this paper involved a critical analysis of selected texts and a synthesis of their content. The basis for the considerations will be the Encyclical Humanae vitae of Pope Paul VI supplemented with modern knowledge in the field of biology, psychology, sexology and theology of marriage and family.
Representation of Madurese Dialects in English Study Program Students at Universitas Trunojoyo Madura
Authors: Wahyudi Muhammad Arman Indra , Halili Mohammad 
Published: October 2024

AbstarctThis paper aims to identify the Madurese dialects and identify difficult factors for the English study program at Universitas Trunojoyo Madura in understanding Madurese dialects. The communicative goals to some extent are unachievable as the speakers and listeners do not share lexical variation understanding even though they come from the same linguistic background. This applied a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Represented participants from each district (Bangkalan, Sampang, Pamekasan, Sumenep) engaged in this paper. They filled out a designed questionnaire shared through Google Form. To analyze the chosen data, the proposing theoretical framework proposed by Wardhaugh, looking at the interwoven between the speaking linguistic data and existing theories. The result of this paper shows that there are lexicon variations of Madurese dialects including nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs, and adverbs and there are also difficult factors for English Study Program students at the University of Trunojoyo Madura in understanding the Madurese dialect, including the vocabulary factor, which referred to the number of lexical variations (special words) of the Madurese dialect and the pronunciation factor, which referred to the speed of intonation and accent. Keywords: English study program, Madurese dialect, Representation