bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE ORBIT AND MASS OF THE THIRD PLANET IN THE KEPLER-56 SYSTEM
Authors: Otor Oderah Justin , Montet Benjamin T. , Johnson John Asher , Charbonneau David , Collier-Cameron Andrew , Howard Andrew W. , Isaacson Howard , Latham David W. , Lopez-Morales Mercedes , Lovis Christophe , Mayor Michel , Micela Giusi , Molinari Emilio , Pepe Francesco , Piotto Giampaolo , Phillips David F. , Queloz Didier , Rice Ken , Sasselov Dimitar , Ségransan Damien , Sozzetti Alessandro , Udry Stéphane , Watson Chris 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
While the vast majority of multiple-planet systems have orbital angular momentum axes that align with the spin axis of their host star, Kepler-56 is an exception: its two transiting planets are coplanar yet misaligned by at least 40° with respect to the rotation axis of their host star. Additional follow-up observations of Kepler-56 suggest the presence of a massive, non-transiting companion that may help explain this misalignment. We model the transit data along with Keck/HIRES and HARPS-N radial velocity data to update the masses of the two transiting planets and infer the physical properties of the third, non-transiting planet. We employ a Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampler to calculate the best-fitting orbital parameters and their uncertainties for each planet. We find the outer planet has a period of 1002 ± 5 days and minimum mass of 5.61 ± 0.38

M

Jup

. We also place a 95% upper limit of 0.80 m s−1 yr−1 on long-term trends caused by additional, more distant companions.
INTERSTELLAR PICKUP ION PRODUCTION IN THE GLOBAL HELIOSPHERE AND HELIOSHEATH
Authors: Wu Y. , Florinski V. , Guo X. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
Interstellar pickup ions (PUIs) play a significant part in mediating the solar wind (SW) interaction with the interstellar medium. In this paper, we examine the details of spatial variation of the PUI velocity distribution function (VDF) in the SW by solving the PUI transport equation. We assume the PUI distribution is isotropic resulting from strong pitch-angle scattering by wave–particle interaction. A three-dimensional model combining the MHD treatment of the background SW and neutrals with a kinetic treatment of PUIs throughout the heliosphere and the surrounding local interstellar medium has been developed. The model generates PUI power-law tails via second-order Fermi process. We analyze how PUIs transform across the heliospheric termination shock and obtain the PUI phase space distribution in the inner heliosheath including continuing velocity diffusion. Our simulated PUI spectra are compared with observations made by New Horizons, Ulysses, Voyager 1, 2, and Cassini, and a satisfactory agreement is demonstrated. Some specific features in the observations, for example, a cutoff of PUI VDF at v = V
SW and a f ∝ v
−5 tail in the reference frame of the SW, are well represented by the model.
CHROMOSPHERIC CONDENSATION AND QUASI-PERIODIC PULSATIONS IN A CIRCULAR-RIBBON FLARE
Authors: Zhang Q. M. , Li D. , Ning Z. J. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
In this paper, we report our multiwavelength observations of the C3.1 circular-ribbon flare SOL2015-10-16T10:20 in active region (AR) 12434. The flare consisted of a circular flare ribbon (CFR), an inner flare ribbon (IFR) inside it, and a pair of short parallel flare ribbons (PFRs). The PFRs located to the north of the IFR were most striking in the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) 1400 and 2796 Å images. For the first time, we observed the circular-ribbon flare in the Ca ii H line of the Solar Optical Telescope on board Hinode, which has a similar shape as observed in the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly 1600 Å on board the Solar Dynamic Observatory (SDO). Photospheric line-of-sight magnetograms from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager on board SDO show that the flare is associated with positive polarities with a negative polarity inside. The IFR and CFR were cospatial with the negative polarity and positive polarities, implying the existence of a magnetic null point (

) and a dome-like spine–fan topology. During the impulsive phase of the flare, “two-step” raster observations of IRIS with a cadence of 6 s and an exposure time of 2 s showed plasma downflow at the CFR in the Si iv
λ1402.77 line (

), suggesting chromospheric condensation. The downflow speeds first increased rapidly from a few km s−1 to the peak values of 45–52 km s−1, before decreasing gradually to the initial levels. The decay timescales of condensation were 3–4 minutes, indicating ongoing magnetic reconnection. Interestingly, the downflow speeds are positively correlated with the logarithm of the Si iv line intensity and time derivative of the GOES soft X-ray (SXR) flux in 1–8 Å. The radio dynamic spectra are characterized by a type III radio burst associated with the flare, which implies that the chromospheric condensation was most probably driven by nonthermal electrons. Using an analytical expression and the peak Doppler velocity, we derive the lower limit of energy flux of the precipitating electrons, i.e., 0.65 × 1010 erg cm−2 s−1. The Si iv line intensity and SXR derivative show quasi-periodic pulsations with periods of 32–42 s, which are likely caused by intermittent null-point magnetic reconnections modulated by the fast wave propagating along the fan surface loops at a phase speed of 950–1250 km s−1. Periodic accelerations and precipitations of the electrons result in periodic heating observed in the Si iv line and SXR.
Metabolic Signatures of Lung Cancer in Sputum and Exhaled Breath Condensate Detected by 1H Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Ahmed Naseer , Bezabeh Tedros , Ijare Omkar B. , Myers Renelle , Alomran Reem , Aliani Michel , Nugent Zoann , Banerji Shantanu , Kim Julian , Qing Gefei , Bshouty Zoheir 
Published: November 2016

Objectives Lung cancer is one of the most lethal cancers. Currently, there are no biomarkers for early detection, monitoring treatment response, and detecting recurrent lung cancer. We undertook this study to determine if 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) of sputum and exhaled breath condensate (EBC), as a noninvasive tool, can identify metabolic biomarkers of lung cancer. Materials and Methods Sputum and EBC samples were collected from 20 patients, comprising patients with pathologically confirmed non-small cell lung cancer ( n = 10) and patients with benign respiratory conditions ( n = 10). Both sputum and EBC samples were collected from 18 patients; 2 patients provided EBC samples only. 1H MR spectra were obtained on a Bruker Avance 400 MHz nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometer. Sputum samples were further confirmed cytologically to distinguish between true sputum and saliva. Results In the EBC samples, median concentrations of propionate, ethanol, acetate, and acetone were higher in lung cancer patients compared to the patients with benign conditions. Median concentration of methanol was lower in lung cancer patients (0.028 mM) than in patients with benign conditions (0.067 mM; P = 0.028). In the combined sputum and saliva and the cytologically confirmed sputum samples, median concentrations of N-acetyl sugars, glycoprotein, propionate, lysine, acetate, and formate were lower in the lung cancer patients than in patients with benign conditions. Glucose was found to be consistently absent in the combined sputum and saliva samples (88%) as well as in the cytologically confirmed sputum samples (86%) of lung cancer patients. Conclusion Absence of glucose in sputum and lower concentrations of methanol in EBC of lung cancer patients discerned by 1H MRS may serve as metabolic biomarkers of lung cancer for early detection, monitoring treatment response, and detecting recurrence.
Toric Geometry ofSL2(ℂ) Free Group Character Varieties from Outer Space
Authors: Manon Christopher 
Published: November 2016

AbstractCuller and Vogtmann defined a simplicial spaceO(g), calledouter space, to study the outer automorphism group of the free groupFg. Using representation theoretic methods, we give an embedding ofO(g) into the analytification of X(Fg,SL2(ℂ)), theSL2(ℂ) character variety ofFg, reproving a result of Morgan and Shalen. Then we show that every pointvcontained in a maximal cell ofO(g) defines a flat degeneration of X(Fg,SL2(ℂ)) to a toric varietyX(PΓ). We relate X(Fg,SL2(ℂ)) andX(v) topologically by showing that there is a surjective, continuous, proper map Ξv:X(Fg,SL2(ℂ)) →X(v). We then show that this map is a symplectomorphism on a dense open subset of X(Fg, SL2(ℂ)) with respect to natural symplectic structures on X(Fg, SL2(ℂ)) andX(v). In this way, we construct an integrable Hamiltonian system in X(Fg, SL2(ℂ)) for each point in a maximal cell ofO(g), and we show that eachvdefines a topological decomposition of X(Fg, SL2(ℂ)) derived from the decomposition ofX(PΓ) by its torus orbits. Finally, we show that the valuations coming from the closure of a maximal cell inO(g) all arise as divisorial valuations built from an associated projective compactification of X(Fg, SL2(ℂ)).
Finite Element Simulations with Adaptively Moving Mesh for the Reaction Diffusion System
Authors: Xie Congcong , Hu Xianliang 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA moving mesh method is proposed for solving reaction-diffusion equations. The finite element method is used to solving the partial different equation system, and an efficient numerical scheme is applied to implement mesh moving. In the practical calculations, the moving mesh step and the problem equation solver are performed alternatively. Several numerical examples are presented, including the Gray-Scott, the Activator-Inhibitor and a case with a growing domain. It is illustrated numerically that the moving mesh methods costs much lower, compared with the numerical schemes on a fixed mesh. Even in the case of complex pattern dynamics described by the reaction-diffusion systems, the adapted meshes can capture the details successfully.
Analysis of aerosol absorption properties and transport over North Africa and the Middle East using AERONET data
Authors: Farahat Ashraf , El-Askary Hesham , Adetokunbo Peter , Fuad Abu-Tharr 
Published: November 2016

Abstract. In this paper particle categorization and absorption properties were discussed to understand transport mechanisms at different geographic locations and possible radiative impacts on climate. The long-term Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) data set (1999–2015) is used to estimate aerosol optical depth (AOD), single scattering albedo (SSA), and the absorption Ångström exponent (αabs) at eight locations in North Africa and the Middle East. Average variation in SSA is calculated at four wavelengths (440, 675, 870, and 1020 nm), and the relationship between aerosol absorption and physical properties is used to infer dominant aerosol types at different locations. It was found that seasonality and geographic location play a major role in identifying dominant aerosol types at each location. Analyzing aerosol characteristics among different sites using AERONET Version 2, Level 2.0 data retrievals and the Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model (HYSPLIT) backward trajectories shows possible aerosol particle transport among different locations indicating the importance of understanding transport mechanisms in identifying aerosol sources.
Editorial núm 19
Authors: Castillo Herrera Beverly 
Published: November 2016

La REVISTA CIENTIFICA DE FAREM-Estelí arriba al número 19 correspondiente al trimestre Julio-Septiembre 2016. En este número, la Revista está organizada en cinco secciones: ciencias de la educación, ciencias económicas, ciencias sociales, estado del arte en investigación y ensayos. Todos los artículos que aquí se publican provienen de resultados de investigaciones que se han realizado en Nicaragua y Venezuela.
Estimating the Area under the ROC Curve with Modified Profile Likelihoods
Authors: Cortese Giuliana 
Published: November 2016

Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves are a frequent tool to study the discriminating ability of a certain characteristic. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) is a widely used measure of statistical accuracy of continuous markers for diagnostic tests, and has the advantage of providing a single summary index of overall performance of the test. Recent studies have shown some critical issues related to traditional point and interval estimates for the AUC, especially for small samples, more complex models, unbalanced samples or values near the boundary of the parameter space, i.e., when the AUC approaches the values 0.5 or 1.Parametric models for the AUC have shown to be powerful when the underlying distributional assumptions are not misspecified. However, in the above circumstances parametric inference may be not accurate, sometimes yielding misleading conclusions. The objective of the paper is to propose an alternative inferential approach based on modified profile likelihoods, which provides more accurate statistical results in any parametric settings, including the above circumstances. The proposed method is illustrated for the binormal model, but can potentially be used in any other complex model and for any other parametric distribution. We report simulation studies to show the improved performance of the proposed approach, when compared to classical first-order likelihood theory. An application to real-life data in a small sample setting is also discussed, to provide practical guidelines.
Les mémoires de traduction et le rapport au texte : ce qu’en disent les traducteurs professionnels
Authors: LeBlanc Matthieu 
Published: November 2016

Cet article présente les résultats partiels d’une étude ethnographique menée auprès de traducteurs professionnels. Dans son ensemble, l’étude porte sur l’utilisation des technologies langagières, notamment les mémoires de traduction, et la satisfaction du traducteur professionnel dans un environnement de travail de plus en plus « technologisé ». Pour les besoins de l’article, nous nous sommes limité à un aspect de l’étude, soit le rapport qu’entretiennent les traducteurs avec leur texte. Par exemple, de quelle manière le recours massif aux mémoires de traduction transforme-t-il le rapport au texte ? Le recours systématique aux mémoires de traduction est-il problématique à certains égards, comme l’avancent certains chercheurs ? Les traducteurs ont-ils l’impression de traduire de façon non linéaire, de se trouver devant un texte discontinu ? Le cas échéant, de quelle manière voient-ils ces changements au processus de traduction ? Pour répondre à ces questions, nous examinerons les résultats d’une étude réalisée dans trois entreprises et services de traduction situés au Canada, et qui nous a permis de mener des entretiens semi-dirigés auprès de plus de cinquante langagiers et d’observer les traducteurs à l’oeuvre.
Corporate Pyramids and Stock Price Crash Risk: Evidence from China
Authors: Li Xiaorong , Xu Nianhang , Liu Qiao , Luo Wei 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
This paper examines the impact of corporate pyramids on the stock price crash risk of listed firms in China. Our results show that, first, the pyramidal layer of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) can reduce stock price crash risk through the three channels of improving financial statement transparency, increasing accounting conservatism, and decreasing overinvestment. Second, the greater the related party transactions, the weaker the negative relation between the pyramidal layer and crash risk, while this negative relation is strengthened by Hong Kong cross-listing. Further analysis shows that the corporate pyramidal layer of SOEs can also decrease stock price synchronicity. For non-state-owned enterprises (NSOEs), we find that there is an inverse U-shaped relationship between the corporate pyramidal layer, crash risk, and stock price synchronicity. These findings have important policy implications in promoting the sound and stable development of the capital market in China.
Baseband I/Q regeneration Method for Direct Conversion Receiver to nullify effect of I/Q mismatch
Authors: Shah M. , Gupta S. 
Published: November 2016

Direct Conversion Receiver is the choice of the today’s designer for low power compact wireless receiver. DCR is attractive due to low power, small size and highly monolithic integratable structure, but distortions affect its performance. I/Q mismatch is the one of the major distortion which is responsible for performance degradation. In this paper, a novel method for Direct Conversion Receiver is suggested, which makes it insensitive to the I/Q mismatch. Here the classical homodyne architecture is modified to nullify effect of I/Q mismatch. The proposed method can be implemented in the Digital Signal Processing (DSP) back-end section also. This feature makes it acceptable in the already designed/functioning classical homodyne architecture based receiver.
Soft Magnetic Materials
Authors: Fiorillo Fausto , Bertotti Giorgio , Appino Carlo , Pasquale Massimo 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis article provides a summary of the basic properties and the essential phenomenology of application‐oriented soft magnetic materials. Starting from an introductory section, where the magnetization process and the involved energetic aspects are highlighted, the physical rationale for the soft magnetic behavior of the materials is discussed, and a comparative illustration of their main physical, mechanical, and magnetic parameters is provided, the materials are classified according to their composition. We start from pure iron, the historical benchmark for any magnetic material, and pass through the selected alloys and compounds displaying the right combination of properties, including abundance of raw elements and costs, making them attractive for applications. We thus illustrate preparation methods, physical and magnetic properties, and applicative attributes of the following materials: (i) pure iron and low‐carbon steels; (ii) nonoriented and grain‐oriented Fe–Si alloys; (iii) High‐Si, Fe–Al, and Fe–Al–Si alloys; (iv) soft magnetic composites; (v) amorphous alloys; (vi) nanocrystalline alloys; (vii) Ni–Fe and Co–Fe alloys; (viii) soft ferrites. For each material, we summarize (i) compositional features and intrinsic physical and magnetic properties; (ii) metallurgical aspects and preparation techniques; (iii) magnetization process and magnetic hysteresis; (iv) energy losses and their dependence on the magnetizing frequency; (v) dependence of the magnetic properties on temperature and stress; (vi) mechanical properties; (vii) applications.
Robotic Assistive Devices for Motor Disability Rehabilitation
Authors: Alamdari Aliakbar , Krovi Venkat 
Published: November 2016

AbstractMankind has traditionally developed manipulative and locomotive tools to enhance the ability and performance, increase, strength to and reduce performance variability. In a motor rehabilitation context, such devices enable people with disabilities to perform many activities of daily living, to lead independent lives, and play a more productive role in society.In this article, we present a review of the technology underlying assistive devices for people with manipulative and locomotive disabilities focusing on prosthetic limbs, robotic arms, exoskeletons, braces, and wheelchairs. We highlight the important role that robotics can play in assistive devices. There is another class of assistive devices, called teletheses, that bear a strong resemblance to the multiple degree‐of‐freedom robot arms and to the body‐powered prosthetic limbs. Finally, we discuss the design and manufacturing issues for such devices. The high degree of customization that is required and the one‐of‐a‐kind flavor of these products suggest that a computer‐integrated, automated approach to design and prototyping is necessary for manufacturing.
All‐Optical Wavelength Conversion
Authors: Lazarou Ioannis , Avramopoulos Hercules 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis article overviews the fundamental principles and attributes of the major all‐optical signal wavelength conversion (AOWC) methods commonly found in the literature over the last 25 years from the system perspective, which are oriented mainly for telecommunications applications. Two principal AOWC categories are analyzed: first, the optically controlled gates based on semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) or electroabsorption modulators (EAMs) and second, the wave‐mixing AOWC schemes exploitingχ(3)orχ(2)material nonlinearities. In the case of the SOA‐based gates, the effects of cross gain modulation (XGM) and cross phase modulation (XPM) – with or without the employment of the offset filtering technique – are explained and a brief description of the regenerative schemes with SOA‐MZI (Mach‐Zehnder interferometer) switches is attempted. For the case of EAM‐based gates, both XAM and XPM effects are mentioned, utilized for efficient AOWC of intensity‐modulated signals. The wave‐mixing methods, covered in Section 2 of the article, start with the four wave mixing (FWM) effect onχ(3)materials, describing methods to implement polarization insensitive operation. Special attention on the AOWC of advanced modulation formats is attempted by explaining methods on minimizing the phase noise induced on the conversion process. For AOWC onχ(2), materials the fundamental effects of difference frequency generation (DFG), sum frequency generation (SFG), and sum harmonic generation (SHG) are explained. In addition, particular focus is put on the attributes and the wavelength mapping of the cascaded cSFG/DFG and cSHG/DFG processes utilized in most AOWC‐schemes based onχ(2)nonlinearities.
Liquid Antennas
Authors: Zou Meng , Hu Zhenxin , Hua Changzhou , Shen Zhongxiang 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA brief overview of recent activities in the area of liquid antennas has been provided in this article. This article is organized as follows. Section 2 describes the details of the electrical properties of liquids. In Section 3, liquid antennas based on pure water as a dielectric material are introduced. The development of liquid metal antenna is described in Section 4. Section 5 focuses on the design and characterization of seawater antennas. Section 6 concludes the article by suggesting topics for further studies.
Consensus in Multi‐Agent Systems
Authors: Proskurnikov Anton V. , Cao Ming 
Published: November 2016

AbstractMany cooperative behaviors of multi‐agent teams emerge fromlocalinteractions among the agents, where an agent interacts with a few “adjacent” teammates, but has no information about the remaining agents. For instance, the self‐organization of many biological populations –including swarms of insects, flocks of birds, and schools of fish –are based on such local interaction rules: the motion and decisions of an individual agent are determined by the behavior of itsnearest neighborsin the population. A special case of multi‐agent coordination isconsensus, that is, the agreement of agents on some quantity of interest or, more generally, the full or partial synchronization of their state trajectories. Establishing consensus is a “benchmark” problem in multi‐agent systems study, which allows to reveal the main principles of multi‐agent coordination and, in particular, the role of the system's interaction graph (or topology). Consensus lies in the heart of many natural phenomena (e.g., synchronous oscillation of neural cells, which maintains a stable heart rhythm) and engineering designs (e.g., attitude synchronization of satellites). In this article, we give a brief review of distributed consensus algorithms, focusing on the basic ideas and relevant mathematical theory, in particular, graph‐theoretic methods.