bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Replicating Reasons: Arguments, Memes, and the Cognitive Environment
Authors: Tindale Christopher W. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTSome arguments that are delivered in a dialectical exchange are never again recalled. Others are repeated again and again across argumentative situations and settle in a community's shared cognitive environment, thus demonstrating a memetic quality along lines that have become popular with several cultural theorists as a way of describing the evolution of culture. Moreover, some arguments may themselves act as memes. If memes “are replicators and tend to increase in number whenever they have the chance” (Blackmore 1999, 37), then they should be of interest to rhetoricians and argumentation theorists. I explore the relationship between arguments and memes, considering the nature of the meme and its argumentative potential. While controversial, meme theory promises to shed new light on how persuasion works in our mutual cognitive environments, and the attention it gives to how reasons move from mind to mind encourages the effort of the exploration.
Comparison of Methods Used for the Diagnosis of Epstein-Barr Virus Infections in Children
Authors: Kasifoglu Nilgun , Oz Semra , Dinleyici Ener Cagri , Us Tercan , Bor Ozcan , Durmaz Gul , Akgun Yurdanur 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The accurate diagnosis of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections is important, as many other infectious agents or diseases can cause similar symptoms. In this study, sera of pediatric patients who were suspected to have an EBV infection, were sent to Eskisehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Microbiology, and investigated by IFA, ELISA, immunoblotting and Real-time PCR. The performances of these tests were compared with IFA. The rates of agreement between ELISA and IFA were found as 100% for seronegative, 100% for acute primary infection, 22.2% for late primary infection, 92.1% for past infection. The rates of agreement between immunoblotting and IFA were found as 80.8% for seronegative, 68.8% for acute primary infection, 55.6% for late primary infection, 86.6% for past infection. The sensitivity of immunoblotting for anti-VCA IgM was identical with ELISA, and higher for anti-VCA IgG, anti-EBNA IgG, anti-EA antibodies, while the specificity of immunoblotting for these antibodies were found to be lower. The sensitivity and specificity of Real-time PCR for detection of viremia in acute primary infection were found as 56.25% (9/16) and 97.89% (139/142), respectively. The diagnostic methods should be chosen by evaluating the demographic characteristics of patients and laboratory conditions together.
High‐Frequency Observations of Temperature and Dissolved Oxygen Reveal Under‐Ice Convection in a Large Lake
Authors: Yang Bernard , Young Joelle , Brown Laura , Wells Mathew 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDetailed observations of thermal structure over an entire winter in a large lake reveal the presence of large (10–20 m) overturns under the ice, driven by diurnal solar heating. Convection can occur in the early winter, but the most vigorous convection occurred near the end of winter. Both periods are when our lake ice model suggest thinner ice that would have been transparent. This under‐ice convection led to a deepening of the mixed layer over time, consistent with previous short‐term studies. During periods of vigorous convection under the ice at the end of winter, the dissolved oxygen had become supersaturated from the surface to 23 m below the surface, suggesting abundant algal growth. Analysis of our high‐frequency observations over the entire winter of 2015 using the Thorpe‐scale method quantified the scale of mixing. Furthermore, it revealed that changes in oxygen concentrations are closely related to the intensity of mixing.
Mitigating the Impacts of Climate Nonstationarity on Seasonal Streamflow Predictability in the U.S. Southwest
Authors: Lehner Flavio , Wood Andrew W. , Llewellyn Dagmar , Blatchford Douglas B. , Goodbody Angus G. , Pappenberger Florian 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSeasonal streamflow predictions provide a critical management tool for water managers in the American Southwest. In recent decades, persistent prediction errors for spring and summer runoff volumes have been observed in a number of watersheds in the American Southwest. While mostly driven by decadal precipitation trends, these errors also relate to the influence of increasing temperature on streamflow in these basins. Here we show that incorporating seasonal temperature forecasts from operational global climate prediction models into streamflow forecasting models adds prediction skill for watersheds in the headwaters of the Colorado and Rio Grande River basins. Current dynamical seasonal temperature forecasts now show sufficient skill to reduce streamflow forecast errors in snowmelt‐driven regions. Such predictions can increase the resilience of streamflow forecasting and water management systems in the face of continuing warming as well as decadal‐scale temperature variability and thus help to mitigate the impacts of climate nonstationarity on streamflow predictability.
A Study of Daytime L‐Band Scintillation in Association With Sporadic E Along the Magnetic Dip Equator
Authors: Seif Aramesh , Liu Jann‐Yenq , Mannucci Anthony J. , Carter Brett A. , Norman Robert , Caton Ronald G. , Tsunoda Roland T. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we present a comprehensive study of occurrence of L‐band scintillation in association with the appearance of sporadic E (Es) along the magnetic dip equator during daytime in 2013. The presence of L‐band scintillation was determined from signals collected with GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) ground‐based Scintillation Network Decision Aid receivers from five stations situated at the magnetic dip equator. The detection and analysis of Es layers were obtained from GNSS FORMOSAT‐3/Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (F3/C) radio occultation (RO) data. Combining ground‐based data with the limb‐viewing geometry from space provides a unique opportunity to retrieve complementary information about scintillation and association with equatorial E region irregularities (i.e., Es) during daytime. Results for the first time show that daytime scintillation does occur at the magnetic dip equator and the occurrence is associated with the appearance of Es observed using GNSS F3/C RO data.
Theoretical Insight Into the Empirical Tortuosity‐Connectivity Factor in the Burdine‐Brooks‐Corey Water Relative Permeability Model
Authors: Ghanbarian Behzad , Ioannidis Marios A. , Hunt Allen G. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA model commonly applied to the estimation of water relative permeability krw in porous media is the Burdine‐Brooks‐Corey model, which relies on a simplified picture of pores as a bundle of noninterconnected capillary tubes. In this model, the empirical tortuosity‐connectivity factor is assumed to be a power law function of effective saturation with an exponent (
) commonly set equal to 2 in the literature. Invoking critical path analysis and using percolation theory, we relate the tortuosity‐connectivity exponent
to the critical scaling exponent t of percolation that characterizes the power law behavior of the saturation‐dependent electrical conductivity of porous media. We also discuss the cause of the nonuniversality of
in terms of the nonuniversality of t and compare model estimations with water relative permeability from experiments. The comparison supports determining
from the electrical conductivity scaling exponent t, but also highlights limitations of the model.
The development of a 4D treatment planning methodology to simulate the tracking of central lung tumors in an MRI‐linac
Authors: Al‐Ward Shahad M. , Kim Anthony , McCann Claire , Ruschin Mark , Cheung Patrick , Sahgal Arjun , Keller Brian M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPurposeTargeting and tracking of central lung tumors may be feasible on the Elekta MRI‐linac (MRL) due to the soft‐tissue visualization capabilities of MRI. The purpose of this work is to develop a novel treatment planning methodology to simulate tracking of central lung tumors with the MRL and to quantify the benefits in OAR sparing compared with the ITV approach.MethodsFull 4D‐CT datasets for five central lung cancer patients were selected to simulate the condition of having 4D‐pseudo‐CTs derived from 4D‐MRI data available on the MRL with real‐time tracking capabilities. We used the MRL treatment planning system to generate two plans: (a) with a set of MLC‐defined apertures around the target at each phase of the breathing (“4D‐MRL” method); (b) with a fixed set of fields encompassing the maximum inhale and exhale of the breathing cycle (“ITV” method). For both plans, dose accumulation was performed onto a reference phase. To further study the potential benefits of a 4D‐MRL method, the results were stratified by tumor motion amplitude, OAR‐to‐tumor proximity, and the relative OAR motion (ROM).ResultsWith the 4D‐MRL method, the reduction in mean doses was up to 3.0 Gy and 1.9 Gy for the heart and the lung. Moreover, the lung's V12.5 Gy was spared by a maximum of 300 cc. Maximum doses to serial organs were reduced by up to 6.1 Gy, 1.5 Gy, and 9.0 Gy for the esophagus, spinal cord, and the trachea, respectively. OAR dose reduction with our method depended on the tumor motion amplitude and the ROM. Some OARs with large ROMs and in close proximity to the tumor benefited from tracking despite small tumor amplitudes.ConclusionsWe developed a novel 4D tracking methodology for the MRL for central lung tumors and quantified the potential dosimetric benefits compared with our current ITV approach.
High Health Care Utilization Preceding Diagnosis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Youth
Authors: Chang Joyce C. , Mandell David S. , Knight Andrea M. 
Published: December 2017

ObjectiveChildhood‐onset systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is associated with high risk for organ damage, which may be mitigated by early diagnosis and treatment. We characterized health care utilization for youth in the year preceding SLE diagnosis compared to controls.MethodsUsing Clinformatics DataMart (OptumInsight) de‐identified administrative data from 2000 to 2013, we identified 682 youth ages 10–24 years with new‐onset SLE (≥3 International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes for SLE 710.0, each >30 days apart), and 1,364 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls. We compared the incidence of ambulatory, emergency, and inpatient visits 12 months before SLE diagnosis and frequency of primary diagnoses. We examined subject characteristics associated with utilization preceding SLE diagnosis.ResultsYouth with SLE had significantly more visits in the year preceding diagnosis than controls across ambulatory (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 2.48, P < 0.001), emergency (IRR 3.42, P < 0.001), and inpatient settings (IRR 3.02, P < 0.001). The most frequent acute‐care diagnoses and median days to SLE diagnosis were: venous thromboembolism (313, interquartile range [IQR] 18–356), thrombocytopenia (278, IQR 39–354), chest pain (73, IQR 29.5–168), fever (52, IQR 17–166), and acute kidney failure (14, IQR 5–168). Having a psychiatric diagnosis prior to SLE diagnosis was strongly associated with increased utilization across all settings.ConclusionYouth with SLE have high health care utilization throughout the year preceding SLE diagnosis. Examining variable diagnostic trajectories of youth requiring acute care preceding SLE diagnosis, and increased attention to psychiatric morbidity, may help improve care for youth with new‐onset SLE.
Tuberculosis Risk in Ankylosing Spondylitis, Other Spondyloarthritis, and Psoriatic Arthritis in Sweden: A Population‐Based Cohort Study
Authors: de Vries Mirjam K. , Arkema Elizabeth V. , Jonsson Jerker , Bruchfeld Judith , Jacobsson Lennart T. H. , Askling Johan ,   the ARTIS Study Group
Published: December 2017

ObjectiveRheumatoid arthritis is a risk factor for tuberculosis (TB), particularly following treatment with biologic agents. Since these therapies are increasingly used in ankylosing spondylitis (AS), other types of spondyloarthritis (SpA), and psoriatic arthritis (PsA), we investigated the corresponding TB risks in these patients.MethodsWe identified individuals with AS/SpA/PsA, and non‐AS/SpA/PsA comparators by linking Swedish national patient, population, TB, and rheumatology registers, and followed them for TB occurrence. Incidence rates were estimated for biologic‐naive and biologic‐exposed patients and the comparators. We calculated hazard ratios (HRs), adjusted for age, sex, and country of birth.ResultsIncluded in this study were 38,702 patients with AS/SpA/PsA, and 200,417 persons from the general population. Among the patients, 11 active TB cases were identified, with an incidence rate (per 105) of 22 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 8.3–59.2) for biologic‐exposed patients, 2.7 (95% CI 1.3–5.6) for biologic‐naive patients, and 2.4 (95% CI 1.8–3.3) for non‐AS/SpA/PsA comparators. The adjusted HR comparing biologic‐naive patients to the general population was 1.2 (95% CI 0.5–2.7), and 7.5 (95% CI 1.9–29) comparing biologic‐exposed to biologic‐naive patients.ConclusionBiologic‐naive AS/SpA/PsA patients are not at an increased TB risk in Sweden. Following treatment with biologic agents, the risk increased, but the absolute TB risk was low.
Internal Ophthalmic Arteries Within the Brain‐Base Arterial System in Guinea Pig
Authors: Kuchinka Jacek 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTIn situ vascular specimens of the arterial circle were collected from 15 adult guinea pigs, both male and female. After specimen preparation, the vessels were filled with synthetic latex and subjected to analysis. Similar as in the case of other rodents, vertebral arteries were merged into basilar artery, further dividing into two short terminal branches. Distally, the terminal branches extend into caudal cerebral arteries. Rostral part of the arterial circle of brain is supplied with blood from maxillary arteries via external and internal ophthalmic arteries connected by a short anastomosis. This type of vascularity may probably be considered a functional analogy to the internal carotid arteries observed in other species. Rostral and caudal parts of the arterial circle of brain are connected by exceptionally long caudal communicating arteries. In author's opinion, the disputable contribution of internal carotid artery and the exceptional contribution of internal ophthalmic arteries in the cerebral blood supply in guinea pigs as compared to other rodents, warrants further research on the subject. Anat Rec, 301:887–891, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis of Monofunctionalized Silsesquioxanes (RSiMe2O)(iBu)7Si8O12via Alkene Hydrosilylation
Authors: Walczak Marcin , Franczyk Adrian , Marciniec Bogdan 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe research presented in this work comprehensively describes hydrosilylation of a wide spectrum of alkenes which contain one or more reactive groups with (HSiMe2O)(iBu)7Si8O12, in the presence of different types of catalysts. Special attention is paid to the influence of alkene, catalyst, and reaction conditions on process effectiveness and selectivity by the precise monitoring of the experiments with in situ FTIR and NMR spectroscopies. More than twenty silsesquioxanes bearing reactive groups (OH, Br, NR2, CO, COOR, NCO, epoxy, SiR3) commonly used in organic and polymer chemistry, were obtained, isolated and characterized by1H,13C,29Si NMR and MALDI TOF. Importantly, in the presented syntheses, commercially available reagents and catalysts were used, meaning that the presented methods could be easily repeated, rapidly scaled up, and widely applied.
40 Jahre Wärmeschutzverordnung
Authors: Gertis Karl , Holm Andreas 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDie Fortentwicklung der Energieeffizienz von Gebäuden im Laufe der letzten 40 Jahre hat zu immer höheren Energieeinsparanforderungen geführt. Das energiesparende Bauen ist komplexer geworden. Während das erste Energieeinspargesetz und die erste Wärmeschutzverordnung 1977 nur wenige Seiten umfasst haben, wurden die energetischen Regelungen für Gebäude fast schon unübersichtlich oft novelliert und fortgeschrieben. Mit den gestiegenen Anforderungen an die Gebäudeenergieeffizienz sind auch besser dämmende Materialien für den Wärmeschutz und leistungsfähigere Baukonstruktionen entstanden. Dementsprechend sehen die klima‐ und energiepolitischen Zielsetzungen der Bundesregierung und der EU strengere Anforderungen für Neubauten und den Gebäudebestand vor – für die letzteren allerdings, um das Wirtschaftlichkeitsgebot zu wahren, auf etwas abgeschwächterem Niveau.
Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Magnetic Hydroxyapatite for Removal of Heavy Metals from Groundwater
Authors: Elkady Marwa , Shokry Hassan , Hamad Hesham 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA simple, fast, and economic methodology to fabricate a highly efficient superparamagnetic Fe3O4/hydroxyapatite nanocomposite (MHAP) was successfully developed. Hydroxyapatite was functionalized with magnetite nanoparticles through coprecipitation‐assisted microwave processes to improve the magnetic properties. The synthesized magnetic hybrid adsorbent matrix was investigated by different methods. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated a good impregnation of Fe3O4 on the hydroxyapatite matrix with uniform morphology. Magnetic hysteresis measurement revealed that MHAP nanocomposites exhibit excellent strong, soft‐magnetic properties. The synergistic effect was an evidence for iron and manganese ion removal, enlightening their potentialities in treatment of polluted ground water.
Synthetic Indolactam V Analogues as Inhibitors of PAR2‐Induced Calcium Mobilization in Triple‐Negative Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Stein Jan , Stahn Sonja , Neudörfl Jörg‐M. , Sperlich Julia , Schmalz Hans‐Günther , Teusch Nicole 
Published: December 2017

AbstractHuman proteinase‐activated receptor 2 (PAR2), a transmembrane G‐protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR), is an attractive target for a novel anticancer therapy, as it plays a critical role in cell migration and invasion. Selective PAR2 inhibitors therefore have potential as anti‐metastatic drugs. Knowing that the natural product teleocidin A2 is able to inhibit PAR2 in tumor cells, the goal of the present study was to elaborate structure–activity relationships and to identify potent PAR2 inhibitors with lower activity against the adverse target, protein kinase C (PKC). For this purpose, an efficient gram‐scale total synthesis of indolactam V (i.e., the parent structure of all teleocidins) was developed, and a library of derivatives was prepared. Some compounds were indeed found to exhibit high potency as PAR2 inhibitors at low nanomolar concentrations with improved selectivity (relative to teleocidin A2). The pseudopeptidic fragment bridging the C3 and C4 positions of the indole core proved to be essential for target binding, whereas activity and target selectivity depends on the substituents at N1 or C7. This study revealed novel derivatives that show high efficacy in PAR2 antagonism combined with increased selectivity.
Consensus Predictive Model for Human K562 Cell Growth Inhibition through Enalos Cloud Platform
Authors: Afantitis Antreas , Leonis Georgios , Gambari Roberto , Melagraki Georgia 
Published: December 2017

Abstractβ‐Thalassemia is an inherited hematologic disorder caused by various mutations of the β‐globin gene, thus resulting in a significant decrease in adult hemoglobin (HbA) production. An increase in fetal hemoglobin (HbF) levels by drug molecules is considered of great potential in β‐thalassemia treatment and is expected to counterbalance the impaired production of HbA. In this work, based on a set of 129 experimentally tested biological inhibitors, we developed and validated a computational model for the prediction of K562 functional inhibition, possibly associated with HbF induction. To facilitate future advancements in the field, we incorporated our model into Enalos Cloud Platform, which enabled online access to our computational scheme (http://enalos.insilicotox.com/K562) through a user‐friendly interface. This web service is offered to the wider community to promote in silico drug discovery through fast and reliable predictions.
Does shell shape variation play a role in conservation of the long‐lived freshwater bivalve Diplodon chilensis (Bivalvia, Hyriidae)?
Authors: Yusseppone Maria S. , Márquez Federico , Luquet Carlos M. , Brey Thomas , Ríos de Molina Maria C. , Rocchetta Iara 
Published: December 2017

AbstractFreshwater bivalves of the order Unionoida display an uncommon phenotypic plasticity with high interpopulation and intrapopulation morphological variability, which could be advantageous for coping with habitat modifications. However, unionoids have suffered a marked population decline in different parts of the world in the last decades. A decline in some populations of the South American long‐lived freshwater mussel Diplodon chilensis as a consequence of habitat deterioration has recently been recorded. Ontogenetic allometry and shape variation in shells of D. chilensis from 2 different sites, Paimun lake and Chimehuin river, North Patagonia, Argentina, have been studied. For these purposes, geometric morphometric methods were used. Shell shape shows differences between sites, which the shells from Chimehuin river show less intrapopulation variability; are more elongated, with the anterior part extended upwards and the posterior part downwards; and show a steeper anterior curvature at the umbo compared to those from Paimún lake. These characteristics make shell shape more streamlined to withstand river current. Furthermore, the extended posterior‐ventral part in river shells coincides with higher foot weight that would improve anchoring to the river rocky–sandy substrate. River shells present a bounded eco‐morphotype whereas the higher variability of lake shells includes the “river eco‐morphotype.” Growth is allometric throughout life in both sites and is not sex‐dependent. The success of river repopulation programmes using mussels from lake populations may be increased by transplanting selected individuals that show “river eco‐morphotype.”