bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Speeding Up a Reservoir Simulation – Case Study on Giant Carbonate Reservoirs
Authors: Tleukhabyluly Olzhas , Dallorto Margherita , Porcelli Francesco , Tarantini Vincenzo 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Reservoir studies, including preparation of field development plan, are processes typically dominated by time constraints. In general, reservoir studies consist in multiple geoscience activities integrated to build a fine geological model that eventually leads to an upscaled numerical model suitable for history matching and forecast simulations. In the simulation stage, the quality and effectiveness of the activity is highly dependent on the computational efficiency of the numerical model. This is particularly true for complex, supergiant carbonate reservoirs. Often, even with today's simulators, upscaling is still needed and simplifications can be implemented to allow computationally intensive history matching and risk analysis workflows. This paper provides some real field examples where these issues were faced and successfully managed, without applying further simplifications to the geological concept of the model: principles of reservoir simulations and common sense reservoir engineering were used to adjust properties of the model and then speed-up numerical simulation. Tuning included a combination of various solutions, such as deactivating critical cells whenever possible, calibrating convergence and time stepping control, tweaking field management to prevent instability in the computation, optimization of number of cores and cells split among cores to optimize load balancing and scalability.
These solutions were used on two super-giant carbonate fields, a triple porosity (matrix, karst and fractures) undersaturated light oil reservoir and a supercritical gas and condensate reservoir. The former field was described using an upscaled model of about 700,000 active cells and a dual porosity - dual permeability formulation; the latter was described by a relatively coarse model of about 400 thousand active cells using a single porosity formulation. Large speed-up, up to five times with respect to reference simulations, was achieved without simplifying the geology and losing accuracy perceivably. Benefits were achieved for both conventional and high-resolution simulators.
Tight Sandstone Reservoir Waterflooding Efficiency Study
Authors: Mukanov A. , Kenzhetayev A. , Kamashev A. , Kozlov Y. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
PetroKazakhstan Kumkol Resources JSC (PKKR JSC) has a number of assets, one of which is the RP oilfield. It has been operated without reservoir pressure maintenance. Reservoir is made of tight sandstone with permeability getting as low as 1 md. In addition, reservoir is isolated from all sides by impermeable barriers such as faults and pinchouts. There is no aquifer or gas cap detected in the reservoir. The natural recovery mechanism for this reservoir is solution gas drive. As a result of the field depletion the pressure has decreased threefold in just a few years. Hence, there is a clear need for the pressure support to stop the decline in production. Waterflooding is considered a reasonable option. However, the following questions have to be answered first: is it possible at all to inject required quantities of water in the tight sandstones with such low permeability? If it is, how much will the company benefit in incremental oil production which has to be further analyzed from economic standpoint?
To find the answers to these essential questions a joint team of reservoir engineers from PKKR JSC and Schlumberger used a workflow specifically designed for this goal, which harvests the benefits of the two common industry approaches: the speed of the fast-screening with analytical methods and the level of details provided by 3D simulation model. It is important to note that one of the success criteria of this project is to automate as many steps as possible to make the workflow easy to implement for other fields. In order to minimize the risks associated with various uncertainties, sensitivity analysis and optimization techniques were deployed.
As a result of this study, quick yet detailed analysis of the waterflooding efficiency including best water injection candidate selection was performed. The developed workflow can be successfully applied to other assets of the company and extended for the specifics of each field streamlining the decision-making process.
Using a Genetic-Based Approach to Enhance Natural Fracture Characterization in a Giant Carbonate Field
Authors: Ibrayev Farkhat , Fernandez-Ibanez Fermin , DeGraff James M. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Understanding fracture development in the context of the chemical and physical processes undergone by the reservoir from deposition through burial is a powerful tool for reservoir characterization. These processes control the distribution and density of different fracture types and their effective flow properties. Classification of fractures from a genetic standpoint has provided a robust framework to develop conceptual models on fracture distribution in this large carbonate field.
Three distinctive fracture generations are defined in this field based on direct core observations. Generations are named A, B, C based on their relative timing. Generation A corresponds to syn-depositional fractures, often filled with volcanic debris and early marine cements. Generation B corresponds to burial related fractures that develop due to vertical loading and compaction. They often appear in association with stylolites. Generation C also forms in the burial realm and they are thought to be related to overpressure in the context of the hydrocarbon charge.
Integration of core and image log observations suggests that syndepositional fractures are more abundant along the rim, with the maximum occurrence at the outer platform to slope transition. Burial fractures, on the other hand, are ubiquitous across the field. High fracture densities occur in the slope where dissolution processes also enhance the fracture network. The dynamic potential of these features is supported by the presence of severe mud losses while drilling, which is used as a proxy for excess permeability in the absence of well test or production data. Lost circulation events are evaluated using observations from core and image logs to determine their root cause.
Optimum Logging Suite Design for Characterization of Shaly Sandstones as a Part of Brown Field Exploration Campaign in West Kazakhstan
Authors: Ramatullayev Samat , Valiakhmetov Rustem , Tulenov Ilyas , Ospanov Dastan , Mendybaev Nurkhat , Charupa Mikhail , Mukhametrakhimov Shaikhan 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Re-exploration of the existing oil fields is one of the main projects for many oil and gas companies operating in West Kazakhstan. As a part of one of such campaign carried out in 2015, the optimum logging suite was designed to acquire more detailed information about static and dynamic properties of the clastic shaly sand reservoir. It included standard logging suite, nuclear-magnetic tool and wireline formation tester. The studies were conducted in the exploration wells drilled in three different fields with different reservoir properties in order to obtain the most complete information about the formation and locate bypassed reservoirs.
Wireline formation tester, in addition to standard solutions such as formation pressure and mobility profiling, downhole fluid sampling, allowed to clearly identify the reservoir saturation in the zones, where it was not possible to do with standard logging suite. Fluid analyzers integrated into the formation tester toolstring helped to clearly identify fluid type, hydrocarbon composition and vital physical and chemical properties of the formation fluid. All measurements were carried out in real-time; the decisions about acquiring downhole samples were taken situationally, not prescriptively.
Study mainly focuses on thinly laminated complex clastic reservoirs with high shale content that have high uncertainty in formation water salinity estimates. As the result of this work: new oil reservoir was discovered in Middle Jurassic deposits in first field, heavy oil downhole samples were acquired in unconsolidated Lower Cretaceous sands and highly depleted gas reservoir was discovered at a depth of 400 m in the second field. In the third field, a few oil bearing intervals discovered in sub-salt low permeability Permian-Triassic formation and the most promising intervals were tested with wireline formation tester, based on this information the decision was made to drill another wells in this area to better characterize the reservoir.
The integration of wireline formation tester, standard and nuclear-magnetic logging suite data, and the results of formation fluid laboratory analysis allowed to create 3-d single well simulation model to estimate the well productivity and optimize well completion design. The results of this analysis were compared with real well test data.
The study shows a modern approach to the planning of additional exploration activities in producing fields fined-tuned to locate and evaluate bypassed hydrocarbon intervals, and confirm their productivity. Integrating the results of different logging suites with single well predictive modeling allowed to understand better the total well productivity. Moreover, it can further be used to optimize the completion of future wells.
The Application of Multi-Sensor Production Logging and Spectral Noise Logging Tools in Optimising Water Shut-off in a Carbonate Environment
Authors: Aibazarov Muratbek , Khassanova Ainagul , Hutson Peter , Dattaro Cesare , Saada Tamer , Brancolini Alberto , Matveev Sergey 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Since 2003, almost all the development wells drilled in the Karachaganak field have been horizontal wells. Initially, the wells were completed open-hole, but since 2011 all new wells have been completed with multiple swelling packers and ball activated stimulation sleeves to facilitate selective stimulation.
Despite optimising the stand-off from the oil water contact and the poor reservoir quality of the aquifer, several wells have started producing formation water.
With limited water handling capacity at the surface facilities, formation water production is a threat to hydrocarbon production. Wells that produce water are either choked back or shut-in. Accurate detection of the water entry point and understanding how water migrates from the aquifer into the wellbore are therefore critical in developing effective water shut off strategy. Recent experience has shown that conventional production logging tool (PLT) technology is an ineffective at evaluating either of these aspects.
This paper describes how integrating data from Multi-Sensor Production Logging and Spectral Noise Loggig tools has been used to determine the downhole fluid flow path in a gas condensate reservoir and subsequently optimize water shut-off operations. The early results of this new approach will be presented.
An unusual complication of Bier's block
Authors: Holl Tanja , Woerlee Gerald Martin 
Published: October 2016

SummaryIntravenous regional anaesthesia (IVRA), or Bier's block, is generally considered to be a safe and effective alternative to general anaesthesia for selected procedures involving the upper and lower limbs. Serious complications following Bier's block are rare. We present an unusual complication; the development of petechiae distal to the cuff as a result of sudden severe hypertension secondary to pain from the intravenous injection of local anaesthetic. It may be necessary to provide systemic sedation or analgesia in patients undergoing IVRA in order to improve patient tolerance and prevent hypertensive episodes resulting from discomfort or anxiety.
Software educativo “Mundo Agroforestal”: estudio de caso, subcuenca alta del río Pasto, Nariño, Colombia
Authors: León I. Ángela Lucía , Luna C. Gloria Cristina , Leonel Hugo Ferney 
Published: October 2016

Las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC), son herramientas que han permitido evolucionar en el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje, innovación, difusión de información, adquisición y generación de conocimiento. El objetivo de la investigación fue desarrollar un “Software Educativo Agroforestal - SEAf”, dirigido a jóvenes de instituciones educativas rurales, como estrategia pedagógica para la enseñanza agroforestal. Mediante Investigación Acción Participativa (IAP), se diagnosticó el conocimiento agroforestal de estudiantes de dos instituciones educativas municipales de la subcuenca alta del río Pasto, implementando talleres participativos, encuestas semi-estructuradas y mapas parlantes; se realizó un análisis de correspondencias múltiples (ACM), que permitió diseñar y estructurar el SEAf con el programa Flash Cs4, el cual fue evaluado con pruebas Alfa y Beta. Como resultado se logró diseñar un software educativo agroforestal denominado “Mundo Agroforestal” que incluyó los gustos y preferencias de los jóvenes; de acuerdo al color, actividades lúdicas, paisajes y personajes animados que fueron plasmados en las interfaces. El software fue altamente aceptado (94%) respecto a las variables diseño, facilidad de navegación, pertinencia de color, temáticas abordadas e ilustraciones; lo que permitió la validación de éste.
Uso e perspectiva de Clonostachys rosea como agente de biocontrole
Authors: Moreira Saraiva Rodrigo , França de M. Paulo Eduardo , Vitorino Borges Álefe , Maffia Luiz Antonio 
Published: October 2016

O uso de métodos de controle de doenças de plantas mais sustentáveis é uma necessidade na agricultura atual. Nessa perspectiva, o controle biológico de doenças de plantas surge como uma alternativa eficaz e viável no contexto de manejo integrado. Dentre os vários agentes de biocontrole estudados, ênfase vem sendo dada ao fungo Clonostachys rosea por seu potencial de uso na agricultura. O fungo pode ser encontrado em diferentes regiões, colonizando todas as partes de diferentes espécies vegetais e, ainda, possui a capacidade de permanecer endofiticamente em algumas plantas. No que diz respeito ao controle biológico, C. rosea é comprovadamente eficiente no controle de diversos patógenos em uma ampla gama de hospedeiro. Além disso, há relatos do antagonista como promotor de crescimento e indutor de resistência em algumas espécies vegetais, e como fungo entomopatogênico. Pela eficiência e versatilidade do antagonista C. rosea, buscamos nessa revisão fornecer uma visão global sobre as perspectivas de uso do antagonista no contexto do controle biológico.
Productividad de lechuga Lactuca sativa en condiciones de macrotúnel en suelo Vitric haplustands
Authors: Velásquez V. Pedro , Ruíz E. Hugo , Chaves J. Germán , Luna C. Cristina 
Published: October 2016

La agricultura urbana hace parte importante en la producción de alimentos para una población cada día más creciente. En este contexto, el objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la productividad del cultivo de lechuga Lactuca sativa var. Batavia bajo condiciones de macrotúnel con tres niveles de fertilización. El ensayo se realizó en la localidad de San Felipe, Pasto, Nariño, en un suelo Vitric haplustands; se evaluaron dos tipos de ambientes (condiciones de macrotúnely a campo abierto), con tres niveles de fertilización: alto 115; 69; 210 kg/ha (N, P2 O5, k2O), medio 69; 23; 150 kg/ha (N, P2 O5, k2O) y bajo 46; 11,5; 90 kg/ha (N, P2 O5, k2O). El macrotúnel fue construido con arcos de bambú y una cubierta plástica para invernaderos. El ensayo se estableció en un diseño de bloques completos al azar con arreglo de franjas divididas. Las variables agronómicas evaluadas fueron: peso de cabeza (PC), porcentaje de materia seca (aérea y de raíz), diámetro de cabeza (DC), días a cosecha (DCO) y rendimiento (R). Además, se realizó un análisis económico de presupuesto parcial. Los resultados mostraron que el cultivo de lechuga en ambiente de macrotúnel obtuvo en: PC=2,24kg/planta; DC=20,33 cm y DCO=74 días; valores que presentaron diferencias estadísticas significativas con respecto al ambiente campo abierto. A diferencia de lo anterior el porcentaje de materia seca aérea, no presentó diferencias significativas en ninguno de los tratamientos; situación similar aconteció con las dosis de fertilización alto, medio y bajo de (N, P, K) y las interacciones de estas, con los dos ambientes evaluados. El análisis económico mostró que las mayores utilidades se obtuvieron en el ambiente de macrotúnel con 11278 pesos/m2y una rentabilidad de 507%.
Efectos del compost y lombriabono sobre el crecimiento y rendimiento de berenjena Solanum melongena L.
Authors: Cantero R. José , Espitia N. Laura , Cardona A. Carlos , Vergara C. César , Araméndiz T. Hermes 
Published: October 2016

La berenjena se cultiva de manera convencional en la región Caribe colombiana, con una alta demanda de insumos agrícolas. No se reporta aún la implementación del manejo ecológico del cultivo para mejorar la competitividad de este sistema de producción. Ante esta problemática, se evaluó el efecto de la fertilización con abonos orgánicos sobre el crecimiento y rendimiento del cultivo de la berenjena Solanum melongena L. en el valle medio del río Sinú. El experimento se realizó en el primer semestre de 2013 en el área experimental de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas de la Universidad de Córdoba, con diseño de bloques completos aleatorizados con seis tratamientos: lombriabono, compost, lixiviado de humus de lombriz, mezcla (lombriabono, compost y lixiviado de humus de lombriz), fertilización convencional con nitrógeno, fósforo y potasio (NPK) y testigo (sin fertilización) y tres repeticiones. Se evaluaron las características días a floración y a cosecha, altura de planta, diámetro del tallo, área foliar, número de frutos por planta, peso de fruto, firmeza de fruto y rendimiento. El Análisis de Varianza mostró diferencias significativas en días a floración, encontrándose que las plantas fertilizadas con lombriabono fueron más precoces. No se observaron diferencias significativas en días a cosecha, altura de planta, diámetro de tallo, área foliar, número de frutos por planta, peso de de fruto, firmeza de fruto y rendimiento. El Análisis de Varianza mostró diferencias significativas en días a floración, encontrándose que las plantas fertilizadas con lombriabono fueron más precoces. No se observaron diferencias significativas en días a cosecha, altura de planta, diámetro de tallo, área foliar, número de frutos por planta, peso de fruto y rendimiento. La fertilización convenconal con NPK y el compost registraron las mayores tasas mínimas de retorno marginal, por lo que el uso del compost es una buena alternativa de fertilización sostenible.
Caracterización del consumo de pescado y mariscos en población universitaria de la ciudad de Medellín - Colombia
Authors: Restrepo-Betancurt Luis Fernando , Rodríguez-Espinosa Holmes , Valencia-Y Daniel 
Published: October 2016

Introducción: El conocimiento relacionado con el consumo de pescado es de vital importancia para establecer estrategias que permitan mejorar su consumo en esquemas de alimentación saludable. Objetivo: Identificar preferencias y frecuencia de consumo de pescados y mariscos en estudiantes universitarios de la ciudad de Medellín, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Se utilizó un tamaño de muestra de 400 estudiantes, con base en un nivel de confiabilidad del 95% y un error máximo permisible del 4,9%. Los estudiantes fueron seleccionados aleatoriamente de acuerdo con los factores de ponderación: sexo, nivel socioeconómico y tipo de universidad y fueron entrevistados personalmente. Se realizó análisis factorial de correspondencia múltiple con clasificación jerárquica indexada y análisis multivariado de la varianza MANOVA con contraste canónico de tipo ortogonal. Resultados y conclusión: Se encontró que las especies de mayor preferencia entre los universitarios son atún, bagre, tilapia, trucha, róbalo y camarón; los de menor preferencia son: lenguado, perla, arenque y corvina. Se encontró diferencia estadística (p<0,05) entre sexos en el consumo regular de pescado; los hombres manifiestan un consumo semanal de calamar y sardina, mientras las mujeres consumen semanalmente atún, bocachico, langostino, ostras y pargo.AbstractIntroduction: The knowledge related to fish consumption is vital to establish strategies to improve its consumption in healthy feeding patterns. Objective: To identify preferences and frequency of consumption of fish and seafood among university students in Medellin, Colombia. Materials and Methods: A sample size of 400 students was used based on a confidence level of 95% and a maximum permissible error of 4.9%. Students were randomly selected according to the weighting factors: sex, socioeconomic status and type of university, and they were interviewed personally. Factorial analysis of multiple correspondence with indexed ranking and multivariate analysis of variance MANOVA canonical contrast orthogonal type were performed. Results and conclusion: Tuna, catfish, tilapia, trout, bass and shrimp are the most preferred species among college students and the least preferred were: sole, pearl, herring and sea bass. Statistical difference (p<0.05) was found between genders in regular consumption of fish; men report frequent consumption of squid and sardines while women consumed weekly Tuna, Bocachico, Shrimp, Oysters and Pargo.