bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Traumatic Injury of the Duodenum and Pancreas
Authors: Shaqdan Khalid , Nicola Refky , Shaqdan Ayman , Abujudeh Hani H. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Traumatic injuries of the pancreas and duodenum are particularly challenging to radiologists despite the many advancements in technology and abdominal imaging. Acute pancreatic injuries occur in 0.2% of patients with blunt trauma, and in 1-12% of patients with penetrating injuries, while penetrating injuries have become the leading cause for duodenal injuries in the United States, with gunshot wounds representing 75-80% of cases. Both pancreatic and duodenal injuries are lethal injuries, with mortality rates varying from 9-34% and 6-25%, respectively. Most pancreatic and duodenal injuries are managed operatively and have good outcomes if they are recognized as early as possible. A delayed diagnosis can have serious consequences.
Trauma of the Lower Urinary Tract
Authors: Cruz-Romero Cinthia 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Bladder ruptures are a result of blunt or penetrating trauma. The probability of bladder injury increases with the degree of distention: a full bladder will rupture without the application of a great force or pelvic fracture. Bladder rupture is almost always accompanied by hematuria. According to extravasation, ruptures can be extra- or intra-peritoneal. Extra-peritoneal rupture is nearly always associated with pelvic fractures and constitutes the majority of the ruptures. Intra-peritoneal ruptures occur when the bladder is distended, causing blowout of the dome. A CT cystogram after secure urethrogram should be performed when there are pelvic fractures, gross hematuria, free pelvic fluid, or pelvic hematoma of unknown source. Recognizing the patterns of contrast extravasation is crucial for diagnosis and treatment; therefore, the bladder should be sufficiently distended. Management of intra-peritoneal bladder ruptures is surgical, whereas extra-peritoneal ruptures can be managed emergencies.
Pediatric Abdominal Emergencies
Authors: Phewplung Teerasak , Shailam Randheer 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Emergencies in the pediatric abdomen can present at any age, including during the neonatal and infant periods. Several diseases in older children and adolescents have similar clinical presentations as in adults. In this chapter we review select abdominal emergencies in the newborn and young children. Obstructions along the course of the gastrointestinal tract from the esophagus to the anus can be a cause of vomiting and pain. Some of these may be congenital, developmental, or acquired. Often diseases in neonates and young children are different than in adults, and it may be challenging for radiologists to recognize and accurately diagnose pathologies that are widely ranging from benign to life-threatening conditions. Accurate diagnosis and prompt treatment are crucial.
Dual Energy Computed Tomography in Emergency Radiology
Authors: Mansouri Mohammad , Aran Shima , Abujudeh Hani H. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
DECT is capable of differentiating materials with different atomic numbers and electron densities with data gathered from two different spectra. Different materials with similar coefficient attenuation can be distinguishable at different energy levels used. DECT is mainly based on how substances behave at different energy levels. The additional capabilities of DECT are obtained without an increase in patient’s radiation dose. With the recently available technologies, simultaneous datasets are achieved using various types and rotations of tubes, detector arrays, and fan beams energy.
Volvulus
Authors: Hassanzadeh Elmira , Nicola Refky , Aran Shima , Abujudeh Hani H. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Volvulus is defined as the twisting of small or large bowel around its mesenteric axis. This can cause varying degrees of obstruction as well as severe vascular compromise. -Chronic constipation and obtundation from narcotics or other medications can cause gaseous distention of the abdomen. The most frequent locations within the abdomen are sigmoid colon and cecum, because they are the most mobile segments of the colon. However, a volvulus of the stomach can also occur. An even less common volvulus is in the small bowel, which is called a closed-loop obstruction, caused by an abnormal rotation of the small bowel along its mesenteric axis; thus an obstruction occurs at two points. As a result of the volvulus, torsion and occlusion of mesenteric vessels will result in ischemia and necrosis. Therefore, this is considered a surgical emergency because the mortality is between 10-35%.
Drugs in anaesthesia and intensive care, A–Z
Authors: Scarth Edward , Smith Susan 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
This chapter includes drugs beginning with the letter A, including A2RAs, ACE inhibitors, acetazolamide, aciclovir, adenosine, adrenaline, alfentanil, allopurinol, amiloride, aminoglycosides, aminophylline, amiodarone, amitriptyline, amoxicillin, amphotericin, aspirin, atenolol, atracurium, and atropine.
D
Authors: Scarth Edward , Smith Susan 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
This chapter includes drugs beginning with the letter D, including dabigatran , dantrolene, desflurane, dexamethasone, dexmedetomidine, dextrans, diamorphine, diazepam, diclofenac, digoxin, diltiazem, dobutamine, domperidone, dopamine, dopexamine, doxapram, and droperidol.
M
Authors: Scarth Edward , Smith Susan 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
This chapter includes drugs beginning with the letter M, including macrolides, magnesium, mannitol, metaraminol, metformin, methohexital, methoxamine, methyldopa, methylphenidate, metoclopramide, metronidazole, midazolam, milrinone, mivacurium, and morphine.
S
Authors: Scarth Edward , Smith Susan 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
This chapter includes drugs beginning with the letter S, including salbutamol, sevoflurane, sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride, sodium nitroprusside, sodium valproate, spironolactone, SSRIs, statins, sucralfate, sufentanil, sugammadex, sulfonylureas, and suxamethonium.
The Role of Cytotoxic Chemotherapy in Melanoma
Authors: Daud Adil , Ashworth Michelle 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Advanced (unresectable stage III, metastatic stage IV) melanoma is often described as being resistant to cytotoxic chemotherapy, with low objective response (complete response + partial response) rates across regimens in various melanoma subtypes (cutaneous, mucosal, or uveal). As a result, chemotherapy in such cases has been largely palliative. Occasionally, however, a complete response occurs, or a deep partial response can be followed by metastectomy and lead to prolonged disease-free survival. This chapter focuses largely on the response rate and overall survival benefit offered by selected regimens, provides a brief historic overview of regimens evaluated in advanced melanoma, and concludes with a discussion of regimens commonly in use today.
Changes in Sexual Activity in Male Patients Surgically Treated for Kyphosis due to Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Yao Ziming , Du Jianwei , Wang Zheng , Zheng Guoquan , Zhang Xuesong , Cui Geng , Wang Yan 
Published: February 2016

Study Design.
A retrospective study.

Objective.
The aim of this study was to assess the changes in sexual activities in male patients surgically treated for ankylosing spondylitis (AS)-induced kyphosis and the correlation between these changes and spinal sagittal realignment.

Summary of Background Data.
Sexual function may be affected by AS. However, little is known about the effect of spinal surgery on the sexual activity of patients with AS-induced kyphosis.

Methods.
Data of 45 male patients who had been surgically treated for AS-induced kyphosis were retrospectively reviewed. Changes in sexual activity were evaluated by the international index of erectile function (IIEF), frequency of sexual activity, and time point at which sexual activity began postoperatively. We compared the above-mentioned parameters before and 24 months postoperatively and analyzed the correlation of the changes in the IIEF with the changes in radiological characteristics.

Results.
Each domain of the IIEF and the total IIEF were increased postoperatively. Improved sexual function was correlated with changes in spinal sagittal characteristics, among which lumbar lordosis (LL) and the chin-brow vertical angle (CBVA) were the most significant causes (P < 0.05). Most patients (71.1%) resumed their sexual activity 5 to 12 weeks after surgery. At the 24-month follow-up, the frequency of patients’ sexual activity was higher than that before surgery (P < 0.05).

Conclusion.
Surgical correction of spinal deformity may improve sexual function and increase the frequency of sexual activity in men with AS. Spinal sagittal realignment and pelvic rotation may be correlated with improvement of sexual function.

Level of Evidence: 4
Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio as Novel Biomarkers of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma
Authors: Ozgonul Cem , Sertoglu Erdim , Mumcuoglu Tarkan , Kucukevcilioglu Murat 
Published: February 2016

Purpose:
We aimed to assess the levels of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and to compare the NLR and PLR results of patients with POAG and ocular hypertension, as well as in healthy controls.

Patients and Methods:
Eighty-four patients with POAG, 94 patients with ocular hypertension, and 80 healthy subjects were enrolled in this retrospective study. Complete ophthalmological examination and complete blood count measurements were performed for all subjects.

Results:
There was a significant difference in the NLR (P=0.003) and PLR (P=0.049) between POAG and control groups. In addition, there was a correlation between pattern standard deviation and NLR in the POAG group. The receiver operating characteristics analysis revealed that the value of NLR to distinguish patients with POAG and controls was found to be 0.651. The best cutoff value was 2.1, with a sensitivity of 65% and a specificity of 65%.

Conclusions:
Our study for the first time provides evidence that NLR and PLR may be useful as biomarkers in patients with POAG.
The long-term sand crab study: phenology, geographic size variation, and a rare new colour morph inLepidopa benedicti(Decapoda: Albuneidae)
Authors: Faulkes Zen 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTLittle is known about the basic ecology of albuneid sand crabs because they conceal themselves by digging in sand, and are typically found at low densities. I sampled sand crabs,Lepidopa benedictiwere sampled at South Padre Island, Texas, regularly for more than five years. Density is high in the summer, and low in the winter. The sex ratio is slightly, but consistently, female skewed. Ovigerous females, carrying about one thousand eggs, are found in mid-summer, with most of the young of the year settling in autumn. The average size of individuals in the South Texas population is smaller than individuals in the Atlantic Ocean, but the population density appear to be higher in Texas. I also describe a new orange colour morph. The results are not consistent with an earlier suggestion that South Texas acts as a population sink forL. benedicti.
Consumer preferences in food packaging: CUB models and conjoint analysis
Authors: Arboretti Rosa , Bordignon Paolo 
Published: February 2016

Purpose– Packaging features have been shown to be of great importance for the consumer final choice of fresh products (Silayoi and Speece, 2007). Packaging is an extrinsic attribute, which consumers tend to rely on, when relevant intrinsic attributes of the product are not available. In the current literature, studies on the influences of packaging features on consumer preferences are mainly related to classical preference evaluation methods like conjoint analysis (CA). The purpose of this paper is to apply both CA and the less known combination of uniform discrete and shifted binomial distributions (CUB) models to food packaging evaluations.Design/methodology/approach– Starting from a real case study in this field, along with CA, the author apply CUB models (Iannario and Piccolo, 2010) as a useful tool to evaluate preferences. CUB models can grasp some psychological characteristics of consumers related to the “feeling” toward packaging attributes and related to an inherently “uncertainty” that affects the consumers’ choices. Both psychological characteristics “feeling” and “uncertainty” can be linked to relevant subject’s information. At first we detect preferred packaging attributes of fresh food by means of CA, then we apply CUB models to some relevant attributes from the CA study.Findings– Results show that attributes like packaging material and size/shape of packaging are the most important attributes and that biodegradable packaging, reclosable trays/bags and long “best by” date are also valuable features for consumers. The introduction of covariates showed that specific demographic characteristics are linked to both feeling and uncertainty.Originality/value– The “data driven” segmentation results give to the integrated approach “CUB models and Conjoint Analysis” the most important added value.
Increasing fruit and vegetable intake among manufacturing workers
Authors: Rueff Allison , Logomarsino John 
Published: February 2016

Purpose
– Blue-collar manufacturing workers are more likely to have lifestyle risk factors, including a lower intake of fruit and vegetables, for the development of chronic diseases. The purpose of this paper is to assess the effects of worksite health-promotion interventions on fruit and vegetable intake among manufacturing workers.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper reviews the evidence for the effectiveness of interventions and makes recommendations on best practices. Types of interventions and theoretical frameworks used in the workplace are reviewed, and findings are presented through research examples. Research for this paper was conducted using PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and PsycINFO.

Findings
– Positive results were found for the effectiveness of interventions to increase fruit and vegetable consumption. Multiple levels of intervention, an emphasis on employee participation in planning, higher self-efficacy, and social support were found to be effective.

Research limitations/implications
– Limitations of this review included self-reported data on fruit and vegetable intake. Also, determining if one intervention was more efficacious than another was difficult when multiple interventions were used within a study. Questions have been raised regarding the long-term impact of increased fruit and vegetable intake among employees.

Practical implications
– When planning programs, multiple levels of intervention will be needed to increase fruit and vegetable intake among workers. Also, employee participation should be emphasized when planning and implementing programs.

Originality/value
– The use of manufacturing companies should be considered as a platform for health-promotion programs. Increasing fruit and vegetable intake has the potential to impact numerous blue-collar workers to help reduce the risk of chronic disease.
Grounded theory and ethnography combined
Authors: Bamkin Marianne , Maynard Sally , Goulding Anne 
Published: February 2016

Purpose– Libraries are closing or reducing opening hours in the UK due to budgetary cuts. Library provision for children is consequently diminishing and libraries have to justify their existence. Therefore a reliable methodology for assessing the importance of libraries is vital to demonstrate their value to children’s literacy. Two methodologies were combined to study children visiting children’s mobile libraries (CMLs). The purpose of this paper is to consider whether the combined, qualitative methodology was the correct choice.Design/methodology/approach– Aspects of each methodology are examined for their appropriateness for researching children. The compatibility of their philosophical stance and the validity of combining ethnography and grounded theory is explored and questioned.Findings– It is found that grounded theory and ethnography were the optimum combination to form a powerful research tool that allows children to be active participants in research. The combined methodology was successful because the ethnographic elements allowed the researcher to enter to the children’s world, whereas the grounded theory elements provided a structural framework, exploration into a novel research topic and ensured that a valid conclusion was drawn.Originality/value– It is unusual for qualitative methodologies such as grounded theory and ethnography to be combined in order to study learning in a non-pedagogic, library environment. This paper is valuable reading for librarians, or educationalists wishing to examine how libraries aid literacy because it verifies the benefits of the combined methodology of grounded theory and ethnography and provides a template which can be used by other researchers.
Applying the theory of information worlds within a health care practise in Finland
Authors: Känsäkoski Helena , Huotari Maija-Leena 
Published: February 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to increase understanding about value creation to families in childhood obesity care in multiprofessional collaboration in an integrated care pathway (ICP).Design/methodology/approach– The qualitative case study involves the ICPs of two Finnish University Hospital districts. The empirical data, collected between 2009 and 2012, consists of semi-structured interviews of 30 health professionals in primary and special health care, of three children and their mothers, a family questionnaire (n=13) complemented with care path instructions and memos of an ICP work group.Findings– The findings indicate that organisational culture confirms boundaries which hinder transfer of information and sharing of knowledge between organisations and professional groups. The concepts of Chatman’s theory of everyday life information seeking complemented with the concepts of Burnett’s and Jaeger’s theory of information worlds are applicable to describe aspects of organisational culture on patient value creation in the ICP for obese children.Research limitations/implications– The data of the patients and families were limited. Interviews were completed with a questionnaire which has its limitations in qualitative research. In future studies, e.g., families’ focus-group interviews could bring new insights.Practical implications– The practise of information transfer between Finnish primary and special health care need changes. Modern information technology, e.g., videoconference could be used to increase family involvement in the value creation and the environment should be more supportive for healthy lifestyle.Originality/value– The study is one of the first which empirically applies Chatman’s and Burnett’s and Jaeger’s theories in a work-related setting.
The utilization of ISO 9004: case study of the maintenance area of a public transportation company
Authors: Vanalle Rosângela Maria , Lucato Wagner Cezar , Rodrigues Roberto Torres 
Published: February 2016

Purpose
– The continuous improvement in the performance and satisfaction of all stakeholders is a permanent management objective and part of an organisation’s strategy. To achieve this goal, organisations invest in technological upgrades, process improvements and management models that assure efficiency. The purpose of this paper is to verify the possibility of measuring the management maturity level of an organisation that is dedicated to passenger public transportation; this organisation is used as a reference framework for the self-evaluation maturity-level measurement tool provided by the ISO 9004:2009 standard.

Design/methodology/approach
– The objective of this paper was accomplished through a case study in which the selected measurement instrument was applied to the management system of the maintenance area of one of the largest subway companies in Brazil.

Findings
– The results of the study showed that the referential method was capable of precisely and adequately measuring the maturity level of the appraised management system. The method also enabled the researchers to identify best practices for the study organisation, which can be employed by the administration to develop action plans to improve their management system.

Research limitations/implications
– As a limitation, the results obtained by this paper cannot be generalised, because they were based on only one company. As a result, the conclusions established cannot be extended to other types of companies since their competitive priorities and management practices may be different and generate characteristics of maturity that were not considered in this work. However, these limitations can be minimised if additional researches ponder other types of organisations.

Practical implications
– On the practical side, this paper motivates companies to improve their operations management by using the self-evaluation tool to identify gaps in their management systems and consequently plan actions to achieve the related improvements.

Originality/value
– The ISO 9004:2009 standard provides a self-evaluation instrument that can support companies on measuring their respective management system maturity level. However, this paper was able to demonstrate that the aforesaid tool can be used in a broader way as it allows management to define action plans to boost their management systems towards a full utilisation of best management practices.
Adapting the SHEL model in investigating industrial maintenance
Authors: Metso Lasse , Marttonen Salla , Thenent Nils E. , Newnes Linda B. 
Published: February 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to identify and categorise problems in knowledge management of industrial maintenance, and support successful maintenance through adapting the SHEL model. The SHEL model has been used widely in airplane accident investigations and in aviation maintenance, but not in industrial maintenance.

Design/methodology/approach
– The data were collected by two separate surveys with open-ended questions from maintenance customers and service providers in Finland. The collected data were coded according to SHEL model -derived themes and analysed thematically with NVivo.

Findings
– The authors found that the adapted SHELO model works well in the industrial maintenance context. The results show that the most important knowledge management problems in the area are caused by interactions between Liveware and Software (information unavailability), Liveware and Liveware (information sharing), Liveware and Organisation (communication) and Software and Software (information integrity).

Research limitations/implications
– The data were collected only from Finnish companies and from the perspective of knowledge management. In practice there are also other kinds of issues in industrial maintenance. This can be a topic for future research.

Practical implications
– The paper presents a new systematic method to analyse and sort knowledge management problems in industrial maintenance. Both maintenance service customers and suppliers can improve their maintenance processes by using the dimensions of the SHELO model.

Originality/value
– The SHEL model has not been used in industrial maintenance before. In addition, the new SHELO model takes also interactions without direct human influence into account. Previous research has listed conditions for successful maintenance extensively, but this kind of prioritisation tools are needed to support decision making in practice.