bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Densely charged polyelectrolyte-stuffed nanochannel arrays for power generation from salinity gradient
Authors: Kwak Su Hong , Kwon Seung-Ryong , Baek Seol , Lim Seung-Min , Joo Young-Chang , Chung Taek Dong 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe devised anodized aluminium oxide (AAO) frame-supported polyelectrolytic ion-exchange membranes for the application of electrical power generation systems where salinity differences are present. A series of polyelectrolytic AAO membranes (PAMs) were fabricated as a function of concentration of monomers and cross-linkers. Of the ion-selective PAMs as made, the membranes from the most concentrated monomers and cross-linkers, C-PAM100 and A-PAM100, showed the highest area resistances and permselectivities (the resistances were 4.9 and 2.9 Ω · cm2, the permseletivities for C-PAM100 and A-PAM100 were 99 and 89%, respectively). The measured resistances and permselectivities allowed the power density to be estimated for C-PAM100 and A-PAM100, 3.5 W/m2, and experimentally obtained power density using a reverse electrodialysis (RED) stack was 17.3 mW/m2. In addition, we investigated the influence of an AAO framework on a membrane resistance by comparing the PAMs with polyelectrolyte-stuffed capillaries, revealing that the resistance of the PAM has plenty of potential to be further reduced by optimizing the AAO pore spaces.
Novel small molecule 11β-HSD1 inhibitor from the endophytic fungus Penicillium commune
Authors: Sun Weiguang , Chen Xintao , Tong Qingyi , Zhu Hucheng , He Yan , Lei Liang , Xue Yongbo , Yao Guangmin , Luo Zengwei , Wang Jianping , Li Hua , Zhang Yonghui 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTwo new phenone derivatives penicophenones A (1) and B (2), a new cyclic tetrapeptide penicopeptide A (3) and five known compounds were isolated from the culture broth of Penicillium commune, an endophytic fungus derived from Vitis vinifera. Compounds 1–3 were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses including 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS. The absolute configurations of 1 and 3 were determined by comparing its ECD with related molecules and modified Marfey’s analysis, respectively. Penicophenone A (1) possesses a rare benzannulated 6,6-spiroketal moiety, which is a new member of the unusual structural class with peniphenone A as the representative. Compound 3 exhibited significant inhibition activities against 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) in vitro and showed strong binding affinity to 11β-HSD1. Moreover, compound 3 treatments decreased the lipid droplet accumulation associate with the inhibition of 11β-HSD1 expression in differentiate-induced 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Furthermore, the molecular docking demonstrated that compound 3 coordinated in the active site of 11β-HSD1 is essential for the ability of diminishing the enzyme activity.
Freeze-drying of “pearl milk tea”: A general strategy for controllable synthesis of porous materials
Authors: Zhou Yingke , Tian Xiaohui , Wang Pengcheng , Hu Min , Du Guodong 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPorous materials have been widely used in many fields, but the large-scale synthesis of materials with controlled pore sizes, pore volumes, and wall thicknesses remains a considerable challenge. Thus, the controllable synthesis of porous materials is of key general importance. Herein, we demonstrate the “pearl milk tea” freeze-drying method to form porous materials with controllable pore characteristics, which is realized by rapidly freezing the uniformly distributed template-containing precursor solution, followed by freeze-drying and suitable calcination. This general and convenient method has been successfully applied to synthesize various porous phosphate and oxide materials using different templates. The method is promising for the development of tunable porous materials for numerous applications of energy, environment, and catalysis, etc.
When a local Hamiltonian must be frustration-free
Authors: Sattath Or , Morampudi Siddhardh C. , Laumann Chris R. , Moessner Roderich 
Published: May 2016

Significance
Quantum computers promise computational power qualitatively superior to that achievable classically. This power will not be unlimited: Beyond much-touted applications, such as breaking encryption schemes, entire classes of problems are known to be intractable even for quantum computers. This work addresses a question of great practical relevance: In between these two extremes of certain (in)tractability, how can one efficiently diagnose the nature and properties of a given problem instance? To achieve this, we adopt a strategy of transferring insights from statistical physics and classical computing into the quantum realm. This provides a new perspective on the complexity of quantum problems and allows us to analyze a canonical class of quantum optimization problems in unprecedented explicit detail.
Antibody Responses After Analytic Treatment Interruption in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1-Infected Individuals on Early Initiated Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: Stephenson Kathryn E. , Neubauer George H. , Bricault Christine A. , Shields Jennifer , Bayne Madeleine , Reimer Ulf , Pawlowski Nikolaus , Knaute Tobias , Zerweck Johannes , Seaman Michael S. , Rosenberg Eric S. , Barouch Dan H. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The examination of antibody responses in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-infected individuals in the setting of antiretroviral treatment (ART) interruption can provide insight into the evolution of antibody responses during viral rebound. In this study, we assessed antibody responses in 20 subjects in AIDS Clinical Trials Group A5187, wherein subjects were treated with antiretroviral therapy during acute/early HIV-1 infection, underwent analytic treatment interruption, and subsequently demonstrated viral rebound. Our data suggest that early initiation of ART arrests the maturation of HIV-1-specific antibody responses, preventing epitope diversification of antibody binding and the development of functional neutralizing capacity. Antibody responses do not appear permanently blunted, however, because viral rebound triggered the resumption of antibody maturation in our study. We also found that antibody responses measured by these assays did not predict imminent viral rebound. These data have important implications for the HIV-1 vaccine and eradication fields.
Search for a non-equilibrium plasma in the merging galaxy cluster Abell 754
Authors: Inoue Shota , Hayashida Kiyoshi , Ueda Shutaro , Nagino Ryo , Tsunemi Hiroshi , Koyama Katsuji 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Abell 754 is a galaxy cluster in which an ongoing merger is evident on the plane of the sky, from the southeast to the northwest. We study the spatial variation of the X-ray spectra observed with Suzaku along the merging direction, centering on the Fe Ly α/Fe He α line ratio to search for possible deviation from ionization equilibrium. Fitting with a single-temperature collisional non-equilibrium plasma model shows that the electron temperature increases from the southeast to the northwest. The ionization parameter is consistent with that in equilibrium (net &gt; 1013 s cm−3) except for the specific region with the highest temperature ($kT=13.3_{-1.1}^{+1.4}\:$keV) where $n_{\rm e}t=10^{11.6_{-1.7}^{+0.6}}\:$s cm−3. The elapsed time from the plasma heating estimated from the ionization parameter is 0.36–76 Myr at the 90% confidence level. This timescale is quite short but consistent with the traveling time of a shock to pass through that region. We thus interpret that the non-equilibrium ionization plasma in Abell 754 observed is a remnant of the shock heating in the merger process. However, we note that the X-ray spectrum of the specific region where the non-equilibrium is found can also be fitted with a collisional ionization plasma model with two temperatures, low $kT=4.2^{+4.2}_{-1.5}\:$keV and very high kT &gt;19.3 keV. The very high temperature component is alternatively fitted with a power-law model. Either of these spectral models is interpreted as a consequence of the ongoing merger process as in the case of the non-equilibrium ionization plasma.
LEBER CONGENITAL AMAUROSIS WITH LARGE RETINAL PIGMENT CLUMPS CAUSED BY COMPOUND HETEROZYGOUS MUTATIONS IN KCNJ13
Authors: Perez-Roustit Sarah , Marquette Virginie , Bocquet Béatrice , Kaplan Josseline , Perrault Isabelle , Meunier Isabelle , Hamel Christian P. 
Published: May 2016

Purpose:
To describe a patient with mutations in KCNJ13 presenting particular clinical features.

Methods:
Standard ophthalmic examination, fundus autofluorescence, spectral domain optical coherence tomography, full-field electroretinography. The 3 exons of KCNJ13 were polymerase chain reaction amplified and Sanger sequenced.

Patients:
A 31-year-old man with Leber congenital amaurosis.

Results:
Patient had nystagmus since childhood, best-corrected visual acuity limited to 20/400 OD and 20/200 OS, and had cataracts extracted in both eyes. There were clumpy pigment deposits mostly in macular area, causing an uneven line of retinal pigment epithelium on spectral domain optical coherence tomography. In retinal parts devoid of pigment deposits around the optic disk and in periphery, retinal thickness was increased and hyperreflective formations were present either in the inner nuclear layer or in the outer nuclear layer. The patient was compound heterozygous for new mutations in KCNJ13 which encodes the Kir 7.1 potassium channel, c.314G>T (p.Ser105Ile) in exon 2 and c.655C>T (p.Gln219*) in exon 3. Both mutations were absent from databases.

Conclusion:

KCNJ13 mutations are responsible for early-onset retinal dystrophy, featuring remarkable clumpy pigment deposits at the level of the retinal pigment epithelium, suggesting dysfunction and disorganization of this tissue. Parts of the retina remain relatively preserved anatomically but are increased in thickness. This distinct fundus appearance should help in identifying the “KCNJ13 retinal dystrophy” to orient the molecular diagnosis.
ACUTE SEROUS RETINAL DETACHMENT IN IDIOPATHIC PULMONARY ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: Martiano David , Chevreaud Olivier , Lam Delphine , Cohen Salomon Y. , Souied Eric H. 
Published: May 2016

Purpose:
To report the case of a 44-year-old woman with acute transient visual loss likely because of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Methods:
Case report imaged with fundus photographs, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, fundus autofluorescence, and fluorescein and indocyanine green angiographies.

Results:
The patient complained of unilateral vision loss with metamorphopsia. Fundus examination of the right eye showed serous macular detachment and retinal folds. Fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green angiography showed delayed choroidal filling with multiple choroidal perfusion defects and dye leakage from areas of multiple pigment epithelial detachments. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography showed a thick choroid. Medical history included idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension treated with tadalafil. Ocular signs regressed spontaneously within 1 week.

Conclusion:
Transient severe choroidal filling defects with subretinal exudation may be observed in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. The present case raised the questions of the triggering factor of the acute decompensation of the blood–retinal barrier and the cause of its spontaneous regression.
Ocular Surface Temperature During Scleral Lens Wearing in Patients With Keratoconus
Authors: Carracedo Gonzalo , Wang Zicheng , Serramito-Blanco Maria , Martin-Gil Alba , Carballo-Alvarez Jesús , Pintor Jesús 
Published: May 2016

Objective:
To evaluate the ocular surface temperature using an infrared thermography camera before and after wearing scleral lens in patients with keratoconus and correlate these results with the tear production and stability.

Methods:
A pilot, experimental, short-term study has been performed. Twenty-six patients with keratoconus (36.95±8.95 years) participated voluntarily in the study. The sample was divided into two groups: patients with intrastromal corneal ring (KC-ICRS group) and patients without ICRS (KC group). Schirmer test, tear breakup time (TBUT), and ocular surface temperature in the conjunctiva, limbus, and cornea were evaluated before and after wearing a scleral lens.

Results:
The patients wore the scleral lenses from 6 to 9 hours with average of 7.59±0.73 hours. No significant changes in Schirmer test and TBUT were found for both groups. No temperature differences were found between the KC-ICRS and the KC groups for all zones evaluated. There was a slight, but statistically significant, increase in the inferior cornea, temporal limbus, and nasal conjunctival temperature for KC-ICRS group and temporal limbus temperature decreasing for the KC group after wearing scleral lens (P<0.05). The conjunctiva and limbus temperature was statistically higher than the central cornea for both groups before and after scleral lenses wearing (P<0.05), but no difference in the peripheral cornea was found. No statistically significant differences in the central corneal temperature were found between the groups after scleral lens wearing (P>0.05).

Conclusion:
Scleral contact lens seems not to modify the ocular surface temperature despite the presence of the tear film stagnation under the lens.
Effect of psychosocial stressors on patients with Crohn’s disease: threatening life experiences and family relations
Authors: Slonim-Nevo Vered , Sarid Orly , Friger Michael , Schwartz Doron , Chernin Elena , Shahar Ilana , Sergienko Ruslan , Vardi Hillel , Rosenthal Alexander , Mushkalo Alexander , Dizengof Vitaly , Ben-Yakov Gil , Abu-Freha Naim , Munteanu Daniella , Gaspar Nava , Eidelman Leslie , Segal Arik , Fich Alexander , Greenberg Dan , Odes Shmuel 
Published: May 2016

Background and aimsThreatening life experiences and adverse family relations are major psychosocial stressors affecting mental and physical health in chronic illnesses, but their influence in Crohn’s disease (CD) is unclear. We assessed whether these stressors would predict the psychological and medical condition of CD patients.MethodsConsecutive adult CD patients completed a series of instruments including demography, Patient Harvey–Bradshaw Index (P-HBI), Short Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (SIBDQ), short-form survey instrument (SF-36), brief symptom inventory (BSI), family assessment device (FAD), and list of threatening life experiences (LTE). Associations of FAD and LTE with P-HBI, SIBDQ, SF-36, and BSI were examined by multiple linear and quantile regression analyses.ResultsThe cohort included 391 patients, mean age 38.38±13.95 years, 59.6% women, with intermediate economic status. The median scores were as follows: P-HBI 4 (2–8), FAD 1.67 (1.3–2.1), LTE 1 (0–3), SF-36 physical health 43.75 (33.7–51.0), SF-36 mental health 42.99 (34.1–51.9), and BSI-Global Severity Index 0.81 (0.4–1.4). The SIBDQ was 47.27±13.9. LTE was associated with increased P-HBI in all quantiles and FAD in the 50% quantile. FAD and LTE were associated with reduced SIBDQ (P<0.001). Higher LTE was associated with lower SF-36 physical and mental health (P<0.001); FAD was associated with reduced mental health (P<0.001). FAD and LTE were associated positively with GSI in all quantiles; age was associated negatively.ConclusionCD patients with more threatening life experiences and adverse family relations were less healthy both physically and mentally. Physicians offering patients sociopsychological therapy should relate to threatening life experiences and family relations.
APOBEC3A/B-induced mutagenesis is responsible for 20% of heritable mutations in the TpCpW context
Authors: Seplyarskiy Vladimir B. , Andrianova Maria A. , Bazykin Georgii A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAPOBEC3A/B cytidine deaminase is responsible for the majority of cancerous mutations in a large fraction of cancer samples. However, its role in heritable mutagenesis remains very poorly understood. Recent studies have demonstrated that both in yeast and in human cancerous cells, most of APOBEC3A/B-induced mutations occur on the lagging strand during replication. Here, we use data on rare human polymorphisms, interspecies divergence, and de novo mutations to study germline mutagenesis, and analyze mutations at nucleotide contexts prone to attack by APOBEC3A/B. We show that such mutations occur preferentially on the lagging strand. Moreover, we demonstrate that APOBEC3A/B-like mutations tend to produce strand-coordinated clusters, which are also biased towards the lagging strand. Finally, we show that the mutation rate is increased 3’ of C→G mutations to a greater extent than 3’ of C→T mutations, suggesting pervasive translesion bypass of the APOBEC3A/B-induced damage. Our study demonstrates that 20% of C→T and C→G mutations segregating as polymorphisms in human population are attributable to APOBEC3A/B activity.
WEVOTE: Weighted Voting Taxonomic Identification Method of Microbial Sequences
Authors: Metwally Ahmed A. , Dai Yang , Finn Patricia W. , Perkins David L. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMetagenome shotgun sequencing presents opportunities to identify organisms that may prevent or promote disease. The analysis of sample diversity is achieved by taxonomic identification of metagenomic reads followed by generating an abundance profile. Numerous tools have been developed based on different design principles. Tools achieving high precision can lack sensitivity in some applications. Conversely, tools with high sensitivity can suffer from low precision and require long computation time. In this paper, we present WEVOTE (WEightedVOtingTaxonomic idEntification), a method that classifies metagenome shotgun sequencing DNA reads based on an ensemble of existing methods usingk-mer-based, marker-based, and naive-similarity based approaches. Our evaluation on fourteen benchmarking datasets shows that WEVOTE improves the classification precision by reducing false positive annotations while preserving a high level of sensitivity. WEVOTE is an efficient and automated tool that combines multiple individual taxonomic identification methods to produce more precise and sensitive microbial profiles. WEVOTE is developed primarily to identify reads generated by MetaGenome Shotgun sequencing. It is expandable and has the potential to incorporate additional tools to produce a more accurate taxonomic profile. WEVOTE was implemented using C++ and shell scripting and is available atwww.bitbucket.org/ametwally/wevote
Leadership metaphors
Authors: Duncan Edmonstone John 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to suggest that the language typically used about leadership in healthcare tells us something important about how we see it.

Design/methodology/approach
Three main metaphors currently adopted for healthcare leadership purposes are explored – military, sporting and finance.

Findings
The language used about leadership sustains the way the world is seen. A more life-affirming use of language is possible, which more accurately reflects what healthcare is about.

Originality/value
The paper builds on the work of Gareth Morgan in applying the use of metaphors to healthcare leadership.
Statin‐induced liver injury in an area endemic for hepatitis B virus infection: risk factors and outcome analysis
Authors: Wang Li Yueh , Huang Yi‐Shin , Perng Chin‐Lin , Huang Bryan , Lin Han‐Chieh 
Published: May 2016

AimsStatin‐induced liver injury (SILI) is quite rare, but may be severe. Little is known about the impact of chronic hepatitis B infection (CHBI) on SILI. We aimed to investigate the risk factors and outcome of SILI, with special reference to its interaction with CHBI.MethodsPatients with SILI were recruited from our hospital, and three‐to‐one drug‐matched controls were randomly selected. The clinical data of the patients were then compared.ResultsA total of 108 patients with SILI and 324 controls were enrolled. The patients with SILI were both older and had a higher statin dose than the controls. There was no predilection of liver injury associated with the seven available statins. Among the SILI patients, there was no statistical difference between the baseline and peak liver enzyme tests, and latency and severity between hepatitis B carriers (n = 16) and non‐carriers (n = 92). High dose of statin and age were the two independent risk factors of SILI (OR and 95% CI: 1.93, 1.08–3.35, P = 0.025, and 1.73, 1.07–2.80, P = 0.027, respectively). Permanent discontinuation of statin was noted in 50 (46.3%) patients with SILI due to severe SILI or recurrent hepatotoxicity after rechallenge of other statins.ConclusionHigh dose of statin and old age may increase patient susceptibility to SILI; however, CHBI and abnormal baseline liver tests are not risk factors of SILI. Nonetheless, SILI is still worthy of notice, because nearly half of the overt cases discontinued statin treatment due to severe hepatotoxicity in this study.
Medical Need, Equality, and Uncertainty
Authors: Horne L. Chad 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMany hold that distributing healthcare according to medical need is a requirement of equality. Most egalitarians believe, however, that people ought to be equal on the whole, by some overall measure of well‐being or life‐prospects; it would be a massive coincidence if distributing healthcare according to medical need turned out to be an effective way of promoting equality overall. I argue that distributing healthcare according to medical need is important for reducing individuals' uncertainty surrounding their future medical needs. In other words, distributing healthcare according to medical need is a natural feature of healthcare insurance; it is about indemnity, not equality.
Determinants of bird conservation‐action implementation and associated population trends of threatened species
Authors: Luther David A. , Brooks Thomas M. , Butchart Stuart H.M. , Hayward Matt W. , Kester Marieke E. , Lamoreux John , Upgren Amy 
Published: May 2016

AbstractConservation actions, such as habitat protection, attempt to halt the loss of threatened species and help their populations recover. The efficiency and the effectiveness of actions have been examined individually. However, conservation actions generally occur simultaneously, so the full suite of implemented conservation actions should be assessed. We used the conservation actions underway for all threatened and near‐threatened birds of the world (International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species) to assess which biological (related to taxonomy and ecology) and anthropogenic (related to geoeconomics) factors were associated with the implementation of different classes of conservation actions. We also assessed which conservation actions were associated with population increases in the species targeted. Extinction‐risk category was the strongest single predictor of the type of conservation actions implemented, followed by landmass type (continent, oceanic island, etc.) and generation length. Species targeted by invasive nonnative species control or eradication programs, ex situ conservation, international legislation, reintroduction, or education, and awareness‐raising activities were more likely to have increasing populations. These results illustrate the importance of developing a predictive science of conservation actions and the relative benefits of each class of implemented conservation action for threatened and near‐threatened birds worldwide.