bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
KIF5A regulates axonal repair and time-dependent axonal transport of SFPQ granules and mitochondria in human motor neurons
Authors: Guerra San Juan Irune , Brunner Jessie , Eggan Kevin , Toonen Ruud F. , Verhage Matthijs 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMutations in the microtubule binding motor protein, kinesin family member 5A (KIF5A), cause the fatal motor neuron disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. While KIF5 family members transport a variety of cargos along axons, it is still unclear which cargos are affected byKIF5Amutations. We generatedKIF5Anull mutant human motor neurons to investigate the impact of KIF5A loss on the transport of various cargoes and its effect on motor neuron function at two different timepointsin vitro. The absence of KIF5A resulted in reduced neurite complexity in young motor neurons (DIV14) and significant defects in axonal regeneration capacity at all developmental stages. KIF5A loss did not affect neurofilament transport but resulted in decreased mitochondria motility and anterograde speed at DIV42. More prominently, KIF5A depletion strongly reduced anterograde transport of SFPQ-associated RNA granules in DIV42 motor neuron axons. We conclude that KIF5A most prominently functions in human motor neurons to promote axonal regrowth after injury as well as to anterogradely transport mitochondria and, to a larger extent, SFPQ-associated RNA granules in a time-dependent manner.
Early NK-cell and T-cell dysfunction marks progression to severe dengue in patients with obesity and healthy weight
Authors: Gregorova Michaela , Santopaolo Marianna , Garner Lucy C. , Diamond Divya , Ramamurthy Narayan , Vi Tran Thuy , Nguyen Nguyet Minh , Vuong Nguyen Lam , Jones Eben , Nsubuga Mike , Luscombe Curtis , Thi My Hoa Vo , Chanh Ho Quang , Xuan Chau Nguyen Thi , Hoai Tam Dong Thi , Thi Le Duyen Huynh , Tam Cao Thi , Klenerman Paul , Yacoub Sophie , Rivino Laura 
Published: September 2024

SummaryDengue is a mosquito-borne virus infection affecting half of the world’s population for which therapies are lacking. The role of T and NK-cells in protection/immunopathogenesis remains unclear for dengue. We performed a longitudinal phenotypic, functional and transcriptional analyses of T and NK-cells in 124 dengue patients using flow cytometry and single-cell RNA-sequencing. We show that T/NK-cell signatures early in infection discriminate patients who will progress to severe dengue (SD) from those who do not. In patients with overweight/obesity these signatures are exacerbated compared to healthy weight patients, supporting their increased susceptibility to SD. In SD, CD4+/CD8+T-cells and NK-cells display increased co-inhibitory receptor expression and decreased cytotoxic capacity compared to non-SD. Furthermore, type-I Interferon signalling is downregulated in SD, suggesting defective virus-sensing mechanisms may underlie NK/T-cell dysfunction. We propose that dysfunctional “professional killer” T/NK-cells underpin dengue pathogenesis. Our findings pave the way for the evaluation of immunomodulatory therapies for dengue.
Death in the taste bud: engulfment of dying taste receptor cells by glial-like Type I cells
Authors: Wilson Courtney E. , Lasher Robert S. , Salcedo Ernesto , Yang Ruibiao , Dzowo Yannick , Kinnamon John C. , Finger Thomas E. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTaste buds comprise 50-100 epithelial derived cells, including glial-like cells (Type I) and two types of receptor cells (Types II and III). All of these taste cells are renewed throughout the life of an organism from a pool of uncommitted basal cells. Immature cells enter the bud at its base, maturing into one of the three mature cell types. How taste cells die and/or exit the bud, as well as the role of the glial-like cells in this process, remains unclear. Here we present morphological data obtained through Serial Blockface Scanning Electron Microscopy of murine circumvallate taste buds, revealing taste cells at the end of their life. Cells we identify as dying share morpholowgical features typical of apoptosis: swollen endoplasmic reticulum, large lysosomes, degrading organelles, distended outer nuclear membranes, heterochromatin reorganization, cell shrinkage, and cell and/or nuclear fragmentation. Most early stage dying cells have Type II cell morphologies, while a few display Type III cell features. Many dying cells maintain contacts with nerve fibers, but those postsynaptic fibers often appear to be detached from the main trunk of an afferent nerve. Dying cells, like mature Type II and III taste cells, are surrounded by glial-like Type I cells. In many instances Type I cells appear to be engulfing their dying neighbors, suggesting for them a novel, phagocytic role. Surprisingly, virtually no Type I cells display features of apoptosis, although they reportedly have the shortest residence time in taste buds. The ultimate fate of Type I cells therefore remains unknown.Table of Contents EntryMain PointsDying taste cells display morphologies consistent with apoptosis.Glial-like Type I cells engulf dying neighbors, perhaps acting as “undertakers.”We find no dying Type I cells—all early dying cells are taste transducing Type II or III cells.
Integrating co-design into formative research for a SBCC entry-point platform for nutrition-sensitive social protection programs in low -and middle-income country settings
Authors: Turk T , Paul R , Safdar NF , Shah N , Alam SM , Choudhury SR , Shafique K , Ahmer Z , Wenndt AJ , Babar HK , Sadaf T , Bipul M 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundAchieving adequate nutrition for vulnerable populations is an objective of the Sustainable Development Goals. Nutrition-sensitive social protection programs, including those that promote nutrition through Social and Behaviour Change Communication (SBCC), have the potential to reduce malnutrition and provide social supports to those most in need. Country-level needs assessments can clarify key issues. When supported by co-design approaches, program formative research may provide more culturally contextualised SBCC for the improved delivery of nutrition social protection to vulnerable groups. This formative study from Pakistan and Bangladesh, integrated co-design to more fully explore program beneficiary knowledge, attitudes and perceptions toward nutrition social protection to inform the design of SBCC key messages and an entry-point platform to ensure effective message dissemination.MethodsQualitative formative research was conducted to support findings from a systematic review. Thirty semi-structured interviews with program stakeholders and 12 focus group discussions (134 participants) were conducted with program beneficiaries in Bangladesh and Pakistan. Co-design sessions supplemented the needs assessment protocol. A COREQ checklist ensured best practice approaches in research design, analysis and reporting. NVIVO 2023 qualitative software supported the thematic analysis.ResultsFour organising themes were identified: 1. Barriers to Program Engagement, 2. Opportunities for Program Improvement, 3. Knowledge Attitudes and Practices, and 4. Target Groups, Messaging and SBCC Entry-Points, with 21 sub-themes emerging under the four organising themes. Main barriers related to resource constraints and maladministration of SPPs while opportunities identified greater integration of cash transfers with nutritious food provision, increased engagement with key influencers in vulnerable communities, and identification of culturally nuanced messages with dissemination through preferred channels. Integrating co-design sessions provided greater ownership, participation and engagement by program beneficiaries and more pragmatic SBCC solutions to challenges identified.ConclusionThe needs assessments and integrated co-design sessions highlighted the benefits of close consultation with program beneficiaries in the design of culturally appropriate SBCC interventions to support nutrition-sensitive social protection programs. A SBCC entry-point platform was developed from participant recommendations to provide options for programmers on message designs, advocacy approaches and dissemination channels with the approaches applicable for a number of low -and middle-income countries where malnutrition is a major challenge.
SAHVER: Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Volumetric Expediting Resolution
Authors: Salman Saif , Wei Yujia , Wirtz Melina , Erickson Bradley J , Sharma Rohan , Brandmeir Nicholas , Jahromi Behnam Rezai , Miller David , Albaramony Nadia , Tawk Rabih , Freeman William David 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionSubarachnoidHemorrhageVolumetricArtificialIntelligence (SAHVAI) is a novel model that segments and quantifies Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Volume (SAHV) on non-contrast CT (NCCT) scans and generates a 3D brain volumetric map called SAHVAI-3D. It is enhanced into SAHVAI-4D when measured over time. Precise measurement of SAHV is critical to future discoveryies. For example, IRRAflow is a FDA-approved ventricular irrigation and drainage system that can expedite removal of SAH blood products.ObjectiveUtilize SAHVAI model to compare and quantify the course of SAHV resolution over time and generate SAHVAI-3D brain maps to help visualize significant SAHV resolution patterns and predict vasospasm.MethodsWe applied SAHVAI to SAH cases with mFS(3-4) using the NCCT scans among three groups. Group A included 1 SAH patient treated with the IRRAflow system. Group B included one SAH patient presented GCS 15 two days after ictus with no requirement for EVD. Group C included 10 patients who underwent regular EVD placement per standard of care.ResultsGroup A showed expedited resolution of SAHV (1.87mL/day) with an mRS of 0 on discharge and minimal vasospasm (Figures 1, 2). Group B showed 16mL increase in SAHV suspected for aneurysmal rebleeding days (5-9), and the patient later died (mRS of 6) (Figure 3). Group C showed reduction of SAHV of ∼ 0.5ml /day (Figure 4). Further, the resultant 3D brain maps revealed that areas with the highest density of blood concentration were correlated with the severity and location of the vasospasm in all groups (Table 1).ConclusionSAHVAI, SAHVAI-3D and SAHVAI-4D are novel methods that reliably quantifies SAHV blood volume and changes over time including SAH blood resolution or rebleeding events. SAHVER is a model that shows how interventions such as IRRAflow can expedite SAHV resolution compared to passive EVD and non-CSF drainage groups.
Performance evaluation of an under-mattress sleep sensor versus polysomnography in≥400 nights with healthy and unhealthy sleep
Authors: Manners Jack , Kemps Eva , Lechat Bastien , Catcheside Peter , Eckert Danny , Scott Hannah 
Published: September 2024

AbstractConsumer sleep trackers can provide useful insight into sleep and sleep patterns. However, large scale performance evaluation studies against direct sleep measures are needed to comprehensively understand sleep tracker accuracy. This study evaluated performance of an under-mattress sensor to estimate sleep and wake versus polysomnography, during multiple in-laboratory protocols in a large sample including individuals with and without sleep disorders and during day versus night sleep opportunities.183 participants (51% male, mean[SD] age=45[18] years) attended the sleep laboratory for a research study that included simultaneous polysomnography and under-mattress sensor (Withings Sleep Analyzer [WSA]) recordings. Epoch-by-epoch analyses with confusion matrices were used to determine accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the WSA versus polysomnography. Bland-Altman plots examined bias in sleep duration, efficiency, onset-latency, and wake after sleep onset.Overall WSA sleep-wake classification accuracy was 83%, sensitivity 95%, and specificity 37%. The WSA significantly overestimated total sleep time (48[81]minutes), Sleep efficiency (9[15]%), sleep onset latency (6[26]), and underestimated wake after sleep onset (54[78]), p<0.05. Accuracy and specificity were higher for night versus daytime sleep opportunities in healthy individuals (89% and 47% versus 82% and 26% respectively, p<0.05). Accuracy and sensitivity were also higher for healthy individuals (89% and 97%) versus those with sleep disorders (81% and 91%, p<0.05).WSA performance is comparable to other consumer sleep trackers, with high sensitivity but poor specificity compared to polysomnography. Poorer accuracy and specificity during daytime versus night-time sleep opportunities is likely due to increased wake time and reduced sleep efficiency. Contactless, under-mattress sleep sensors show promise for accurate sleep monitoring, noting the tendency to over-estimate sleep particularly where wake time is high.
Universal coordinate on wave-shape manifold of cardiovascular waveform signal for dynamic quantification and cross-subject comparison
Authors: Lin Yu-Ting , Chou Ruey-Hsing , Wang Shen-Chih , Chang Cheng-Hsi , Wu Hau-Tieng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveQuantifying physiological dynamics from nonstationary time series for clinical decision-making is challenging, especially when comparing data across different subjects. We propose a solution and validate it using two real-world surgical databases, focusing on underutilized arterial blood pressure (ABP) signals.MethodWe apply a manifold learning algorithm, Dynamic Diffusion Maps (DDMap), combined with the novel Universal Coordinate (UC) algorithm to quantify dynamics from nonstationary time series. The method is demonstrated using ABP signal and validated with liver transplant and cardiovascular surgery databases, both containing clinical outcomes. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess robustness and identify optimal parameters.Results:UC application is validated by significant correlations between the derived index and clinical outcomes. Sensitivity analyses confirm the algorithm’s stability and help optimize parameters.ConclusionsDDMap combined with UC enables dynamic quantification of ABP signals and comparison across subjects. This technique repurposes typically discarded ABP signals in the operating room, with potential applications to other nonstationary biomedical signals in both hospital and homecare settings.Clinical and ImpactThe proposed manifold learning algorithm enables dynamic quantification of typically discarded ABP signals in the operation room that is comparable across subjects for clinical decision making.
Dissection of the ‘Virgin-soil’ epizootic of African swine fever in Mizoram, a Northeast state of India
Authors: Chingtham Santhalembi , Lalrohlui Freda , Remlalfakawmi Abigail , Neihthangpuii C. , Lalzoliani Esther , Roychoudhury Parimal , Subudhi Prashant Kumar , Dutta Tapan Kumar 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis article aims to analyse the first-time emergence of African swine fever (ASF) in Mizoram. We collated the outbreak data and identified the time and locations of ASF emergence. To understand the impact of the outbreak, we have calculated the morbidity rate, mortality rate, case fatality rate (CFR) and overall pig depopulation rate. We identified that ASF emerged in total 178 locations in all 11 districts of Mizoram between March-July 2021, after a peak in June, and the disease continued to spread till the end of 2021 before re-emergence in March 2022. The overall morbidity rate and mortality rate of ASF between March-July 2021 in Mizoram were estimated to be 33.8% and 31.1%, while the average morbidity rate and the mortality rate of 10 districts were found to be 29.5% and 27.6% respectively. Overall CFR of ASF between March-July 2021 was estimated to be 92.1% and the average of all 11 districts was found to be 96.1%. Toward the end of 2021, the mortality rate increased by a total of 42.7% change and an average of 25.3% change. We estimated an overall 70% depopulation of susceptible pigs by disease and culling by end of 2021. This report is evidence that ASF has remained catastrophic and, keeping in view the complex nature and history of the virus on genotype adaptability associated with a high propensity for transboundary expansion, the virus continues to be a threat.
Mitochondrial genomic alterations in cholangiocarcinoma cell lines
Authors: Faipan Athitaya , Sitthirak Sirinya , Wangwiwatsin Arporn , Namwat Nisana , Klanrit Poramate , Titapan Attapol , Jareanrat Apiwat , Thanasukarn Vasin , Khuntikeo Natcha , Boulter Luke , Loilome Watcharin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a diverse collection of malignant tumors that originate in the bile ducts. Mitochondria, the energy converters in eukaryotic cells, contain circular mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) which has a greater mutation rate than nuclear DNA. Heteroplasmic variations in mtDNA may suggest an increased risk of cancer-related mortality, serving as a potential prognostic marker. In this study, we investigated the mtDNA variations of five CCA cell lines, including KKU- 023, KKU-055, KKU-100, KKU213A, and KKU-452 and compared them to the non-tumor cholangiocyte MMNK-1 cell line. We used Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT), a long-read sequencing technology capable of synthesizing the whole mitochondrial genome, which facilitates enhanced identification of complicated rearrangements in mitogenomics. The analysis revealed a high frequency of SNVs and INDELs, particularly in the D-loop,MT-RNR2,MT-CO1,MT-ND4, andMT-ND5genes. Significant mutations were detected in all CCA cell lines, with particularly notable non-synonymous SNVs such as m.8462T>C in KKU-023, m.9493G>A in KKU-055, m.9172C>A in KKU-100, m.15024G>C in KKU-213A, m.12994G>A in KKU-452, and m.13406G>A in MMNK-1, which demonstrated high pathogenicity scores. The presence of these mutations suggests the potential for mitochondrial dysfunction and CCA progression. Analysis of mtDNA structural variants (SV) revealed significant variability among the cell lines. We identified 208 SVs in KKU-023, 185 SVs in KKU-055, 231 SVs in KKU-100, 69 SVs in KKU-213A, 172 SVs in KKU-452, and 217 SVs in MMNK-1. These SVs included deletions, duplications, and inversions, with the highest variability observed in KKU-100 and the lowest in KKU-213A. Our results underscore the diverse mtDNA mutation landscape in CCA cell lines, highlighting the potential impact of these mutations on mitochondrial function and CCA cell line progression. Future research is required to investigate the functional impacts of these variants, their interactions with nuclear DNA in CCA, and their potential as targets for therapeutic intervention.Author SummaryBile duct cancer has the highest incidence in northeastern Thailand. In this study, we explored the mtDNA of CCA cell lines, as mitochondria play a key role in cellular energy production. We aimed to identify mutations that could serve as therapeutic targets or biomarkers. Our analysis revealed that each CCA cell line has unique mtDNA profiles, including INDELs, SVs, and SNVs such as m.8462T>C in KKU-023, m.9493G>A in KKU-055, m.9172C>A in KKU-100, m.15024G>C in KKU-213A, m.12994G>A in KKU-452, and m.13406G>A in MMNK-1, which demonstrated high pathogenicity scores. yet they also shared some common mutations. Future research is needed to understand how these mutations affect cell function, interact with nuclear DNA, and their potential for therapeutic intervention.
Enzymatic Degrading Chlorophenol Wastewater by Mixed Strains of Immobilized White Rot Fungi†
Authors: Liu Hongyuan , Lou Xueyi , Shao Yeyao , Wang Zhichao , Xiao Jiamin , Cen Kai , Chen Dingyin , Xia Qiman , Xu Wenlong , Fang Fang , Orooji Yasin , Liu Peng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTo address chlorophenol wastewater pollution, immobilized mixed white rot fungi (WRF) strain microsphere was designed as a solid degradation agent, usinglignin peroxidase(LiP),manganese peroxidase(MnP), andlaccase(Lac) to degradating the wastewater. Considering the diverse physical and chemical properties of the fungal sphere, the immobilization agent formula is optimized and comprehensive environmental factor design response surface analysis are implemented to determine the delivery conditions. Consequently, the 2,4-DCP treatment rate and extracellular enzyme activity for a 1:1 encapsulation ofT. versicolorandP. sajor-cajusignificantly outperform those of individual strains. Using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), sodium alginate (SA), and biochar as carriers, with sodium dihydrogen phosphate solution as crosslinker and SiO2/zeolite as additives, immobilizing mixed bacteria yielded a high-quality solid agent. This achieved a 99.33% 2,4-DCP degradation rate over 96 hours, with optimal dosage, pH, and initial 2,4-DCP concentration at 11.5 g/L, 5.5, and 40 mg/L. The degradation of 2,4-DCP by WRF selectively removes adjacent chlorine atoms to produce 4-CP, enhancing the dechlorination efficiency.Graphical Abstract
The Generalizability of Cortical Area Parcellations Across Early Childhood
Authors: Tu Jiaxin Cindy , Myers Michael , Li Wei , Li Jiaqi , Wang Xintian , Dierker Donna , Day Trevor K. M. , Snyder Abraham Z. , Latham Aidan , Kenley Jeanette K. , Sobolewski Chloe M. , Wang Yu , Labonte Alyssa K. , Feczko Eric , Kardan Omid , Moore Lucille A. , Sylvester Chad M. , Fair Damien A. , Elison Jed T. , Warner Barbara B. , Barch Deanna M. , Rogers Cynthia E. , Luby Joan L. , Smyser Christopher D. , Gordon Evan M. , Laumann Timothy O. , Eggebrecht Adam T. , Wheelock Muriah D. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe cerebral cortex consists of distinct areas that develop through intrinsic embryonic patterning and postnatal experiences. Accurate parcellation of these areas in neuroimaging studies improves statistical power and cross-study comparability. Given significant brain changes in volume, microstructure, and connectivity during early life, we hypothesized that cortical areas in 1- to 3-year-olds would differ markedly from neonates and increasingly resemble adult patterns as development progresses.Here, we parcellated the cerebral cortex into putative areas using local functional connectivity gradients in 92 toddlers at 2 years old. We demonstrate high reproducibility of these cortical regions across 1- to 3-year-olds in two independent datasets. The area boundaries in 1- to 3-year-olds were more similar to those in adults than those in neonates. While the age-specific group area parcellation better fit the underlying functional connectivity in individuals during the first 3 years, adult area parcellations might still have some utility in developmental studies, especially in children older than 6 years. Additionally, we provide connectivity-based community assignments of the parcels, showing fragmented anterior and posterior components based on the strongest connectivity, yet alignment with adult systems when weaker connectivity was included.