bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional and Environmental Factors Are Associated With Sustained Participation in Adaptive Sports
Authors: Blauwet Cheri A. , Yang Heidi Y. , Cruz Sebastian A. , Collins Jamie E. , Smith Karen C. , Losina Elena , Katz Jeff N. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundAlthough community‐based adaptive sports have become a popular means of rehabilitation for individuals with disabilities, little is known regarding the factors that lead to sustained participation.ObjectiveTo determine the demographic, environmental, disability‐related, and functional factors associated with sustained participation in a community‐based adaptive sports program.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingCommunity‐based adaptive sports program.ParticipantsAdults with mobility‐related disabilities.MethodsData were collected from registration forms and participation logs. Participants were described as “sustainers” if they attended ≥2 sessions, or as “nonsustainers” if they attended 0 or 1 session. We examined the associations between sustained participation and demographic, environmental, disability‐related, and functional factors in bivariate and multivariable analyses.Main Outcome MeasurementSustained participation in the adaptive sports program.ResultsOf the 134 participants, 78 (58%) were sustainers and 56 (42%) were nonsustainers. In multivariable analyses, participants who ambulated independently had lower odds of being sustainers (odds ratio [OR] = 0.33, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.11, 0.96), and those who used an ambulatory assistive device had twice the odds of being sustainers (OR = 2.0, 95% CI = 0.65, 6.2) compared to those who used a manual wheelchair. Moreover, participants who lived within 5.3 miles of the program site (OR = 3.8, 95% CI = 1.1, 13.0) and those who lived between 5.3 and 24.4 miles from the program site (OR = 2.8, 95% CI = 1.0, 7.7) had significantly higher odds of sustained participation than those who lived more than 24.4 miles from the program site.ConclusionSustained participation in community‐based adaptive sports is associated with living closer to the program site and the presence of a moderate level of functional impairment. These findings suggest that programs might consider increasing the number of satellite sites and expanding offerings for individuals with mild or more significant mobility‐related disabilities to effectively increase program participation.Level of EvidenceII
Metabolic and physiological interdependencies in the Bathymodiolus azoricus symbiosis
Authors: Ponnudurai Ruby , Kleiner Manuel , Sayavedra Lizbeth , Petersen Jillian M , Moche Martin , Otto Andreas , Becher Dörte , Takeuchi Takeshi , Satoh Noriyuki , Dubilier Nicole , Schweder Thomas , Markert Stephanie 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The hydrothermal vent mussel Bathymodiolus azoricus lives in an intimate symbiosis with two types of chemosynthetic Gammaproteobacteria in its gills: a sulfur oxidizer and a methane oxidizer. Despite numerous investigations over the last decades, the degree of interdependence between the three symbiotic partners, their individual metabolic contributions, as well as the mechanism of carbon transfer from the symbionts to the host are poorly understood. We used a combination of proteomics and genomics to investigate the physiology and metabolism of the individual symbiotic partners. Our study revealed that key metabolic functions are most likely accomplished jointly by B. azoricus and its symbionts: (1) CO2 is pre-concentrated by the host for carbon fixation by the sulfur-oxidizing symbiont, and (2) the host replenishes essential biosynthetic TCA cycle intermediates for the sulfur-oxidizing symbiont. In return (3), the sulfur oxidizer may compensate for the host’s putative deficiency in amino acid and cofactor biosynthesis. We also identified numerous ‘symbiosis-specific’ host proteins by comparing symbiont-containing and symbiont-free host tissues and symbiont fractions. These proteins included a large complement of host digestive enzymes in the gill that are likely involved in symbiont digestion and carbon transfer from the symbionts to the host.
Social support reduces stress hormone levels in wild chimpanzees across stressful events and everyday affiliations
Authors: Wittig Roman M. , Crockford Catherine , Weltring Anja , Langergraber Kevin E. , Deschner Tobias , Zuberbühler Klaus 
Published: November 2016

AbstractStress is a major cause of poor health and mortality in humans and other social mammals. Close social bonds buffer stress, however much of the underlying physiological mechanism remains unknown. Here, we test two key hypotheses: bond partner effects occur only during stress (social buffering) or generally throughout daily life (main effects). We assess urinary glucocorticoids (uGC) in wild chimpanzees, with or without their bond partners, after a natural stressor, resting or everyday affiliation. Chimpanzees in the presence of, or interacting with, bond partners rather than others have lowered uGC levels across all three contexts. These results support the main effects hypothesis and indicate that hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis regulation is mediated by daily engagement with bond partners both within and out of stressful contexts. Regular social support with bond partners could lead to better health through daily ‘micro-management’ of the HPA axis, a finding with potential medical implications for humans.
Alterations in amygdala–prefrontal circuits in infants exposed to prenatal maternal depression
Authors: Posner J , Cha J , Roy A K , Peterson B S , Bansal R , Gustafsson H C , Raffanello E , Gingrich J , Monk C 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPrenatal exposure to maternal depression is common and puts offspring at risk for developing a range of neuropsychiatric disorders. Despite its prevalence and adverse associations, neurobiological processes by which prenatal maternal depression (PMD) confers risk remain poorly understood. Maternal mood and fetal behavior were assessed between 34 and 37 gestational weeks. Using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and diffusion MRI, we examined functional and structural connectivity within amygdala–prefrontal circuits in 64 infants (mean age=5.8±1.7 weeks) with (n=20) and without (n=44) in utero exposure to PMD. Resting fMRI and diffusion MRI both indicated atypical amygdala–prefrontal connectivity in PMD-exposed infants: Resting fMRI indicated increased inverse, or negative, functional connectivity between the amygdala and the dorsal prefrontal cortex (PFC), bilaterally, and diffusion MRI indicated decreased structural connectivity between the right amygdala and the right ventral PFC. Spectral dynamic causal modeling supported these findings suggesting altered amygdala–PFC effective (or directed) connectivity in PMD-exposed infants. Last, path analyses supported a mechanistic account relating PMD to a third-trimester fetal behavior: PMD alters amygdala–PFC connectivity, which in turn, is associated with an increase in fetal heart rate reactivity to in utero perturbation. These data suggest that the maturation and coordination of central and peripheral physiology are altered by prenatal exposure to maternal depression. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to directly associate infant MRI measures with a behavior—fetal heart rate response, and supports hypotheses that PMD-associated variations in the development of amygdala–PFC circuits are relevant for future neurobehavioral maturation.
Continental-scale quantification of landscape values using social media data
Authors: van Zanten Boris T. , Van Berkel Derek B. , Meentemeyer Ross K. , Smith Jordan W. , Tieskens Koen F. , Verburg Peter H. 
Published: November 2016

Significance
In many landscapes across the globe, we are witnessing an ongoing functional shift away from landscapes managed for extractive activities (e.g., agriculture, mining, forestry) and toward landscapes managed for recreation and leisure activities. Understanding the spatial configuration of this functional shift at regional and continental scales will be crucial for the development of effective landscape and rural development policies in coming decades. We present a rigorous comparison between three social media platforms’ suitability for mapping and quantifying landscape values. We also introduce a predictive model capable of quantifying landscape values at a continental scale. The utility of the model is illustrated through the identification of specific landscape features that best explain high densities of ascribed value (i.e., landscape value locations).
Acquisition of canonical and non-canonical word orders in L1 Turkish
Authors: Sağın-Şimşek Çiğdem 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
While some studies on child language acquisition demonstrate that the properties of syntax are acquired before syntax-pragmatics interface and the children experience difficulties in several aspects of pragmatic language use, some others, report early sensitivity to the syntax-pragmatics interface. This study aims to explore whether the syntax-before-pragmatics argument can account for acquisition of Turkish word order by examining the syntactic and pragmatic word order preferences of Turkish children. The data obtained from 12 Turkish monolingual children aged between 2;0–6;0 reveal that at 2;0, Turkish children show sensitivity to the syntax-pragmatics interface and use various word orders in line with their pragmatic intentions and the pragmatic constraints of their language increase with the age.
What does online parsing in Turkish-speaking children reveal about grammar?
Authors: Özge Duygu 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
This paper summarizes recent studies with Turkish-speaking children that explore whether children’s online parsing shares adult processing features. We review findings from a self-paced listening study on the processing of relative clauses that reveals incremental integration of case-marking cues and an eye-tracking study that reveals predictive interpretation of case-marking cues independent of the verb and the word order. We discuss the idea that prediction is a natural by-product of incremental interpretation once we assume that our competence grammar is a lexicalized one that allows one-to-one correspondence between syntactic and semantic rules. We then show how Combinatory Categorial Grammar could secure a parsing mechanism combining incrementality and predictivity, without sacrificing a bottom-up algorithm, thanks to its monotonic and monostratal nature that allows flexible constituency.
Acquisition of scope relations by Turkish-English bilingual children
Authors: Geçkin Vasfiye , Crain Stephen , Thornton Rosalind 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
This is a bidirectional case study in the acquisition of semantics by Turkish – English bilingual children. The research question is whether bilingual children acquiring Turkish and English use parental input versus a principle of language learnability, as the basis for their initial interpretation of sentences with a temporal connective (English before, Turkish önce) and disjunction (Turkish ya da, English or). According to the learnability principle, bilingual children were expected to initially assign the same interpretation to the target sentences in both languages, despite differences in the input from adult speakers. The findings of the study confirmed this prediction, and are taken as evidence in support of the principle of language learnability, called the Semantic Subset Principle.
Children’s referential choices in Turkish
Authors: Ateş Beyza Ş. , Demir-Lira Özlem Ece , Küntay Aylin C. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
We present research on the emergence and development of verbal and non-verbal referential skills of Turkish L1 learners. Turkish has interesting distinctive features compared to other frequently studied languages. The first section presents an overview of research about typically developing L1 learners’ comprehension and production skills in various preverbal and verbal referential situations. The second section presents contrastively interesting properties of Turkish setting the ground for crosslinguistic comparisons. The third section reviews experimental research on Turkish L1 learners’ referential communication skills. The fourth section reviews naturalistic studies about verbal and nonverbal devices employed by Turkish L1 learners during referential interactions with primary caregivers. Finally, we provide critical evaluation and future directions.
Integrating cognitive and sociocultural aspects of reading in Turkish
Authors: Durgunoğlu Aydın Yücesan 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Reading comprehension is affected by both decoding-related and language-related factors. In Turkish, with decoding developing quickly, the impact of language-related factors appear earlier and affect reading comprehension strongly. These linguistic proficiencies are affected by socioeconomic status (SES). Reanalysis of data from 120 children in Grades 2,3 and 4, yielded a significant correlation between SES level and the reading comprehension level of a student. SES was a significant factor on all measures (e,g, decoding, comprehension, vocabulary). In regression analyses, listening comprehension was a strong predictor of reading comprehension. There was a marginal predictive effect of SES on listening comprehension (along with memory and speed of conceptual access). These results illustrate the integrated impact of cognitive and sociocultural variables on comprehension.
Investigation of High-strength Lead-free Machinable Cu40Zn Duplex Graphite Brasses by Powder Metallurgy
Authors: Li S. , Imai H. , Umeda J. , Fu Y. , Kondoh K. 
Published: November 2016

Graphite was proposed as candidate to substitute lead for increasing machinability of Cu40Zn brass in this study. Cr, Fe, Ti and Sn were used as trace alloying elements to improve the mechanical properties and strengthen graphite/brass boundary bonding. The brass powder prepared by water atomisation process were premixed with graphite particles and consolidated by warm compact. The sintered billet was hot extruded to increase density and improve microstructure. The super-saturated solid solution of alloying elements precipitated in form of nano/micro scale particles in the subsequent hot working. Graphite particles with appreciate content can improve machinability effectively without deteriorating the mechanical properties. Graphite content and hot working temperatures are essential parameters which affect machinability and mechanical properties of the graphite brasses. This paper is part of a Themed Issue on Brass Alloys.
Metabolomic screening using ESI-FT MS identifies potential radiation-responsive molecules in mouse urine
Authors: Iizuka Daisuke , Yoshioka Susumu , Kawai Hidehiko , Izumi Shunsuke , Suzuki Fumio , Kamiya Kenji 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The demand for establishment of high-throughput biodosimetric methods is increasing. Our aim in this study was to identify low-molecular-weight urinary radiation-responsive molecules using electrospray ionization Fourier transform mass spectrometry (ESI-FT MS), and our final goal was to develop a sensitive biodosimetry technique that can be applied in the early triage of a radiation emergency medical system. We identified nine metabolites by statistical comparison of mouse urine before and 8 h after irradiation. Time-course analysis showed that, of these metabolites, thymidine and either thymine or imidazoleacetic acid were significantly increased dose-dependently 8 h after radiation exposure; these molecules have already been reported as potential radiation biomarkers. Phenyl glucuronide was significantly decreased 8 h after radiation exposure, irrespective of the dose. Histamine and 1-methylhistamine were newly identified by MS/MS and showed significant, dose-dependent increases 72 h after irradiation. Quantification of 1-methylhistamine by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analysis also showed a significant increase 72 h after 4 Gy irradiation. These results suggest that urinary metabolomics screening using ESI-FT MS can be a powerful tool for identifying promising radiation-responsive molecules, and that urinary 1-methylhistamine is a potential radiation-responsive molecule for acute, high-dose exposure.
c-CBL E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Expression Increases Across the Spectrum of Benign and Malignant T-Cell Skin Diseases
Authors: Salva Katrin A. , Reeder Margo J. , Lloyd Rita , Wood Gary S. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract:
Prolonged survival of lesional T cells plays a central role in the pathogenesis of T-cell-mediated dermatoses. We have recently shown that the ubiquitin ligase c-CBL is highly expressed in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) and that its knockdown increases activation-induced cell death, a key pathway for T-cell apoptosis. Here, we extend our work on c-CBL expression in malignant T cells to their nonneoplastic counterparts in benign inflammatory dermatoses. Immunohistochemical staining with anti-c-CBL antibody was performed on lesional biopsies from a total of 65 patients with atopic dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, pityriasis rosea, psoriasis vulgaris, lichen planus, mycosis fungoides (MF)/Sézary syndrome (SS) as well as on tonsil tissue from 5 individuals and on 5 human CTCL cell lines. Protein levels were measured in situ using multispectral image analysis, a quantitative method that is ×5 more sensitive than standard immunohistology for antigen detection. There was a significant (P < 0.05) and progressive increase of mean c-CBL expression across the spectrum of inflammatory dermatoses (2-fold), MF/SS (3-fold), and lymphoma cell lines (4-fold) as compared with tonsillar T lymphocytes. A subset of MF/SS cases expressed mean c-CBL levels above the ranges observed in inflammatory dermatoses. Given our prior finding that c-CBL inhibits activation-induced cell death, c-CBL might play a role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory dermatoses and CTCL.
Attachment Style and Obesity: Disordered Eating Behaviors as a Mediator in a Community Sample of Canadian Youth
Authors: Maras Danijela , Obeid Nicole , Flament Martine , Buchholz Annick , Henderson Katherine A. , Gick Mary , Goldfield Gary S. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
Obesity and overweight are associated with many negative health outcomes. Attachment style has been implicated in the development of obesity in youth. The present study examined if disordered eating behaviors mediate the relationship between attachment style and body mass index (BMI) in a large community sample of Canadian youth.

Method:
A total of 3,043 participants (1,254 males and 1,789 females, M
age = 14.20 years) completed self-report questionnaires including the Relationship Questionnaire and the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire, and BMI was objectively measured. Disordered eating behaviors (restrained, emotional, and external) were examined as possible mediating mechanisms in the relationship between attachment style and BMI z-score, using a multiple mediation model using bootstrapping while controlling for socio-demographic covariates.

Results:
Insecure attachment was significantly associated with higher BMI, and disordered eating mediated this relationship. Restrained eating was the strongest mediator of this pathway.

Conclusion:
Results suggest that it may be important to take attachment history and restrained eating into account when designing treatment and prevention strategies for obesity in youth.
Age of menopause and fracture risk in postmenopausal women randomized to calcium + vitamin D, hormone therapy, or the combination: results from the Women's Health Initiative Clinical Trials
Authors: Sullivan Shannon D. , Lehman Amy , Nathan Nisha K. , Thomson Cynthia A. , Howard Barbara V. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract

Objective:
We previously reported that in the absence of hormone therapy (HT) or calcium/vitamin D (Ca/D) supplementation, earlier menopause age was associated with decreased bone mineral density and increased fracture risk in healthy postmenopausal women. Treatment with HT and Ca/D is protective against fractures after menopause. In this analysis, we asked if the age of menopause onset alters fracture risk in healthy postmenopausal women receiving HT, Ca/D, or a combination.

Methods:
Hazard ratios (HRs) for any fracture among 21,711 healthy postmenopausal women enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative Clinical Trial, who were treated with HT, Ca/D, or HT + Ca/D, and who reported age of nonsurgical menopause of <40, 40 to 49, and ≥50 years, were compared.

Results:
Women with menopause <40 years had significantly higher HR for fracture than women with menopause 40 to 49 or ≥50 years, regardless of treatment intervention (HR [95% CI]: menopause <40 y vs ≥50 y, 1.36 [1.11-1.67]; menopause <40 y vs 40-49 y, 1.30 [1.06-1.60]).

Conclusions:
In the overall Women's Health Initiative Clinical Trial cohort and within each treatment group, women with younger menopause age (<40 y) had a higher risk of any fracture than women reporting older menopause ages. The effect of menopause age on fracture risk was not altered by any of the treatment interventions (HT, Ca/D, HT + Ca/D), suggesting that early age of menopause is an independent contributor to postmenopausal fracture risk.
VITRECTOMY-ASSISTED BIOPSY FOR MOLECULAR PROGNOSTICATION OF CHOROIDAL MELANOMA 2 MM OR LESS IN THICKNESS WITH A 27-GAUGE CUTTER
Authors: Nagiel Aaron , McCannel Colin A. , Moreno Christian , McCannel Tara A. 
Published: November 2016

Purpose:
Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of small choroidal melanomas 2 mm or less in thickness may be associated with a low biopsy yield. This report describes our center's experience using the 27-gauge vitreous cutter to perform tumor sampling in these small melanomas.

Methods:
This was a retrospective analysis of all patients who underwent a 27-gauge vitreous cutter biopsy for molecular prognostication at the time of iodine-125 plaque placement for local treatment of choroidal melanoma ≤2.0 mm in height.

Results:
Seventeen consecutive patients with a mean baseline tumor height of 1.67 mm (range, 1.31–2.03 mm) and median follow-up time of 7.0 months (range, 3.3–19.5 months) were included. The 27-gauge cutter biopsy yielded sufficient material for multiplex-ligation probe amplification (MLPA) or gene expression profiling (GEP) in 17/17 (100%) patients. Complications were limited to focal vitreous hemorrhage in 13/17 patients and diffuse vitreous hemorrhage in 1/17 patients, with no instance of retinal detachment or nonclearing vitreous hemorrhage.

Conclusion:
Tumor sampling of small choroidal melanoma with a 27-gauge vitreous cutter is safe and offers excellent biopsy yield for molecular prognostication when cancer prognosis is desired by patients.