bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanistic Insights into the Effect of Sodium Iodide on Copper‐Mediated Iododeboronation
Authors: Kondo Yuto , Kimura Hiroyuki , Tanaka Mamiko , Hattori Yasunao , Kawashima Hidekazu , Takahashi Kazuhiro , Yasui Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe copper‐catalyzed Chan–Evans–Lam (CEL) coupling reaction advances carbon–heteroatom cross‐coupling and has facilitated the development of radiohalogenation methodologies in radiochemistry. This study investigated the mechanisms and side reactions of CEL iodination under conditions relevant to radiosynthesis and typical organic synthesis, focusing on the effects of sodium iodide. The concentrations of copper and iodide, as well as the copper‐to‐iodide ratio, were identified as significant factors for successful copper‐mediated CEL iodination, influencing the reaction mechanisms and side reactions. Excess iodide relative to the copper salt led to the formation of poorly soluble iodinated copper(I) complexes that competed with that of the desired aryl iodide. Additionally, the predominant copper complex involved in the catalytic cycle differed between the early and late stages of the reaction, depending on the copper‐to‐iodide ratio. The results of this study indicate that the specialized radiosynthesis conditions meet the requirements for efficient CEL iodination. In particular, an extremely low concentration of iodide is optimal for CEL iodination. These in‐depth mechanistic insights not only provide a detailed comparison of CEL iodination across radiochemistry and synthetic organic chemistry but can also inspire the development of novel (radio)iodination methods.
Pulsed‐Field Ablation in Management of Ventricular Tachycardia: A Systematic Review of Case Reports and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Askarinejad Amir , Kohansal Erfan , Sabahizadeh Amirreza , Hesami Hamed , Adimi Sara , Haghjoo Majid 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundPulsed‐field ablation (PFA) is a cutting‐edge technique that employs non‐thermal energy to cause cell death by inducing irreversible electroporation of cell membranes. This systematic review evaluates the PFA effectiveness as a potential alternative to radiofrequency and cryo‐ablation for treating ventricular tachycardia.MethodsPubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science were systematically searched using keywords related to ventricular tachycardia and pulsed‐field ablation. Eligible Studies evaluating this therapeutic approach for ventricular tachycardia were included in the final analysis.ResultsWe included six studies (five case reports and one case series) in our systematic review. Eight (88.8%) of procedures were successful with 100% long‐term efficacy. No procedural complications or ventricular tachycardia (VT) recurrence were observed in the cases.ConclusionThe absence of complications, high effectiveness, and long‐term success rate make PFAs a good VT treatment option. However, PFA safety and efficacy studies for VT treatment are scarce. Thus, larger investigations on this topic are urgently needed.
NIR Enhanced pH‐Responsive Microneedles for Synergetic Therapy of Melanoma
Authors: Han Weiqiang , Yu Lan , Liu Zhuo , Wang Chaofan , Zhang Qi , Li Hongjuan , Xu Yongqian , Liu Fengyu , Sun Shiguo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMelanoma has emerged as a significant threat to human life and health. Microneedle (MN)‐mediated transdermal drug delivery (TDD) has garnered attention in melanoma treatment for bypassing the first‐pass effect. However, the propensity of melanoma to metastasize presents substantial challenges for MN mediated local treatment. Developing systemic therapies, such as immunotherapy in combination with TDD, is crucial for achieving effective melanoma treatment. Herein, a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) MN‐mediated multifunctional TDD system, designated MN@PDA@1‐MT/CUR/DOX@HA (MN@PMCDH), was developed for synergetic chemotherapy/photothermal/immunotherapy of melanoma. PMCDH nanomedicines penetrate deep skin layers through MNs, accumulate at tumor sites guided by hyaluronic acid (HA), and selectively release drugs in response to the acidic tumor microenvironment and near‐infrared (NIR) stimulation. Released curcumin (CUR) significantly enhances the efficacy of photothermal therapy (PTT) and chemotherapy, as well as improves the induction of immunogenic cell death (ICD) by increasing melanoma sensitivity to polydopamine (PDA)‐mediated photothermal effects and doxorubicin (DOX). Moreover, the incorporation of 1‐methyltryptophan (1‐MT) to reverse the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment can further enhance the effects of immunotherapy. In vitro studies revealed that the MN@PMCDH system can effectively induce ICD and inhibit tumor cell growth. Additionally, remarkable deep tumor cell inhibition effects are also achieved in 3D tumor models.
Theoretical Study on Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonds of Flavonoid Cocrystals
Authors: Zhang Lisha , Gao Wei , Su Li , He Wenying , Wang Yize , Hu Minghui , Liu Zixi , Liu Yanling , Feng Huajie 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the role of intramolecular hydrogen bonds in the formation of cocrystals involving flavonoid molecules, focusing on three active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs): chrysin (CHR), isoliquiritigenin (ISO), and kaempferol (KAE). These APIs form cocrystals with different cocrystal formers (CCFs) through intramolecular hydrogen bonding. We found that disruption of these intramolecular hydrogen bonds leads to decreased stability compared to molecules with intact bonds. The extrema of molecular electrostatic potential surfaces (MEPS) show that flavonoid molecules with disrupted intramolecular hydrogen bonds have stronger hydrogen bond donors and acceptors than those with intact bonds. Using the artificial bee colony algorithm, dimeric structures of these flavonoid molecules were explored, representing early‐stage structures in cocrystal formation, including API‐API, API‐CCF, and CCF‐CCF dimers. It was observed that the number and strength of dimeric interactions significantly increased, and the types of interactions changed when intramolecular hydrogen bonds were disrupted. These findings suggest that disrupting intramolecular hydrogen bonds generally hinders the formation of cocrystals. This theoretical study provides deeper insight into the role of intramolecular hydrogen bonds in the cocrystal formation of flavonoids.
A Latent Class Analysis on Indicators of Early Prolonged Grief Disorder and Well‐Being Among Dutch Adults Bereaved During the First Year of the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Reitsma Lyanne , Mooren Trudy M. , Mouthaan Joanne , Van Hoof Marie‐José , Groen Simon P. N. , Van Dijk Iris , Lotzin Annett , Boelen Paul A. , Lenferink Lonneke I. M. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTMost studies examining prolonged grief disorder (PGD) in people bereaved during the COVID‐19 pandemic are focused on psychopathology. However, mental health encompasses both absence of psychopathology and presence of well‐being. This is the first study examining symptom profiles of early PGD and subjective mental well‐being in 266 Dutch adults recently bereaved during the pandemic. Early PGD and well‐being indicators were assessed with the Traumatic Grief Inventory–Self Report Plus and the World Health Organization–Five Well‐Being Index, respectively. Latent class analysis identified four classes: low PGD/high well‐being (32%), low PGD/moderate well‐being (24%), moderate PGD/high well‐being (23%) and high PGD/low well‐being class (21%). People in the poorer mental health classes were more likely to be female, lower educated, suffering from a mental disorder, have a poor health status, closer kinship to the deceased, and higher risk of severe COVID‐19. Classifying adults according to symptom profiles of negative and positive outcomes provides a more complete picture of mental health in bereaved people and offers potential intervention targets.
Intelligence and Treatment Outcome of Mentalization‐Based Treatment in Borderline Personality Disorder
Authors: Muskens Lieke , Bouwmeester Samantha , Nooijen Miranda , Bachrach Nathan 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundMentalization‐based treatment (MBT) is an evidence based treatment for patients diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD). Although MBT is effective, on average, for individuals with BPD, there are large individual differences in treatment outcomes. Research on predictors of the treatment effect of MBT, such as intelligence, is needed to determine which treatment is most effective for which ‘category’ of BPD patients, providing more knowledge about optimal indications.ObjectiveThe study aimed to investigate whether intelligence is associated with MBT outcomes in patients with BPD and exploratively studying the difference between two variants of MBT.Methods and ProceduresA pre‐post intervention design was used to examine the effects of MBT on BPD severity. Personal and social recovery were measured as secondary outcome measures. The association between intelligence and the degree of recovery was examined.ResultsNo significant correlation was found between intelligence level and treatment efficacy. In addition, a negative correlation between IQ and personal and social recovery was found, indicating that, as IQ increased, the level of recovery decreased. Secondary subanalyses showed the treatment effect of MBT was large and significant in reducing BPD symptoms (Cohen's d = 1.5) and that there was no significant difference between the 2‐day MBT and 3‐day MBT programmes in terms of a decrease in BPD severity. However, a significant medium positive correlational relationship was found between intelligence and a decrease in BPD severity level for the 3‐day MBT, which was not found for the 2‐day MBT programme. This indicates that in the 3‐day MBT programme, the higher the IQ, the higher the decrease in BPD severity level.Conclusions and ImplicationsThis study is the first to examine the association between intelligence and the outcome of MBT in BPD patients. It shows that patients with a wide range of intelligence (72–124) can equally benefit from MBT and that effectiveness of MBT was not influenced negatively by lower intelligence. Secondary subanalyses showed that this was particularly evident when the intervention was delivered within the context of a 2‐day MBT programme. Nevertheless, further randomized studies are required to ascertain the relationship between IQ and treatment effectiveness, as well as other predictors of MBT outcomes.
SCIP: A scalable, reproducible and open‐source pipeline for morphological profiling of image cytometry and microscopy data
Authors: Lippeveld Maxim , Peralta Daniel , Filby Andrew , Saeys Yvan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractImaging flow cytometry (IFC) provides single‐cell imaging data at a high acquisition rate. It is increasingly used in image‐based profiling experiments consisting of hundreds of thousands of multi‐channel images of cells. Currently available software solutions for processing microscopy data can provide good results in downstream analysis, but are limited in efficiency and scalability, and often ill‐adapted to IFC data. In this work, we propose Scalable Cytometry Image Processing (SCIP), a Python software that efficiently processes images from IFC and standard microscopy datasets. We also propose a file format for efficiently storing IFC data. We showcase our contributions on two large‐scale microscopy and one IFC datasets, all of which are publicly available. Our results show that SCIP can extract the same kind of information as other tools, in a much shorter time and in a more scalable manner.
Somos Tejas: A Narrative Project to Document the College Experiences of First‐Generation Latinx Students
Authors: Moyna María Irene , Zapata Gabriela C. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis study reports on a project that collected and documented narrative reflections of first‐generation Latinx students at a large Research 1 public university in the US southwest. The team (2 faculty members and 4 undergraduates) interviewed 23 students (20 undergraduate and 3 graduate) on topics including family, community, sense of belonging in their institution and major experiences as first‐generation students, future goals, and advice and recommendations for others. Their responses were analyzed with a modified version of Garriott's (2020) Critical Cultural Wealth Model, with the help of the software MAXQDA. The first important takeaway is that undergraduate and graduate students had different perceptions, with the latter respondents expressing more critical views. The second finding was that several institutional resources were highly effective in achieving students’ integration, including culturally congruent organizations and traditions. That said, participants also experienced academic dissonance navigating the financial and academic complexities of college life, which led to feelings of isolation, marginalization, and tokenization. The final takeaway is that students turned to support from their families and communities to overcome challenges, which suggests that measures to integrate family and school will benefit these students.
Measuring the benefit of a defensive trait: Vigilance and survival probability
Authors: Ellsworth William H. , Peacor Scott D. , Chandler Richard B. , Conner L. Mike , Garrison Elina P. , Miller Karl V. , Cherry Michael J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDefensive traits are hypothesized to benefit prey by reducing predation risk from a focal predator but come at a cost to the fitness of the prey. Variation in the expression of defensive traits is seen among individuals within the same population, and in the same individual in response to changes in the environment (i.e., phenotypically plastic responses). It is the relative magnitude of the cost and benefit of the defensive trait that underlies the defensive trait expression and its consequences to the community. However, whereas the cost has received much attention in ecological research, the benefit is seldom examined. Even in a defensive trait as extensively studied as vigilance, there are few studies of the purported benefit of the behavior, namely that vigilance enhances survival. We examined whether prey vigilance increased survival and quantified that benefit in a natural system, with white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) experiencing unmanipulated levels of predation risk from Florida panther (Puma concolor coryi). Deer that spent more time vigilant (as measured by head position using camera trap data) had a higher probability of survival. Indeed, an individual deer that was vigilant 75% of the time was more than three times as likely to be killed by panthers over the course of a year than a deer that was vigilant 95% of the time. Our results therefore show that within‐population variation in the expression of a defensive trait has profound consequences for the benefit it confers. Our results provide empirical evidence supporting a long‐held but seldom‐tested hypothesis, that vigilance is a behavior that reduces the probability of predation and quantifies the benefit of this defensive trait. Our work furthers an understanding of the net effects of a trait on prey fitness and predator–prey interactions, within‐population variation in traits, and predation risk effects.
Slow Magnetic Relaxation in a Dysprosium Metallocene Complex Bearing Equatorial DyIII−P Bonds
Authors: Lv Junting , Li Xiao‐Lei , Zhai Quan‐Guo , Zhang Peng , Tang Jinkui 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSingle molecule magnets (SMMs) containing dysprosium‐phosphorus bonding are rare due to great challenges in constructing the bonding between hard lanthanide ions and soft phosphorus donors. Here we successfully isolated a novel mononuclear bis‐Cp* dysprosium compound, Cp*2Dy[η‐CH(PPh2)2]⋅C7H8 (1‐Dy), via the salt metathesis reactions of Cp*2Dy(BPh4) and K[(PPh2)2CH] in THF (Cp*=pentamethylcyclopentadienyl). The magnetic investigations indicate its strong SMM behavior evidenced by the open magnetic hysteresis loops below 6 K and the high effective barrier of 300 cm−1. This could be ascribed to weak dative DyIII−P bonds at equatorial sites in such [Cp2DyX]‐type (X=auxiliary donors) complexes.
Chromium in Visible‐Light Photocatalysis: Unique Reactivity, Mechanisms and Future Directions
Authors: Shen Zhengjia , Tu Jin‐Lin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractVisible‐light photocatalysis has emerged as a prominent research area in modern organic synthesis and environmental science. As an important transition metal, chromium has garnered widespread attention in the field of visible‐light photocatalysis in recent years, primarily manifested in the following aspects: a) the unique photochemical properties of chromium(III) complexes endow them with longer excited‐state lifetimes and higher reactivities under certain conditions; b) by harnessing visible light to induce single‐electron transfer or hydrogen atom transfer to generate radicals, which subsequently form alkyl‐chromium(III) intermediates with chromium(II) ligands, these intermediates can selectively attack electron‐deficient carbonyl compounds, enabling the construction of target products; c) following metals like cerium, copper, iron, nickel, cobalt, titanium, and bismuth, the ligand‐to‐metal charge transfer (LMCT) reaction pathways in chromium photocatalysis have also been extensively investigated. This review will provide a comprehensive summary of recent research on chromium‐mediated photocatalytic reactions, offering an in‐depth exploration of their unique reactivity, mechanisms, and future directions.
Experimental and comparative analysis between nitrile rubber foam insulated and vacuum insulated fiber reinforced plastic tank used in a low temperature sensible heat storage system for building space cooling applications
Authors: Rajendiran Manivannan , Vellaichamy Pandiyarajan , Subramanian Viswanath G. , Ramalingam Velraj 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThermal energy storage devices are gaining importance and momentum in the building space cooling and renewable energy applications. Retaining the stored energy for long hours through proper insulation is crucial in achieving economic benefits. In the present research, a novel composite material (FRP) is introduced for the development of cool storage tank along with two different methods of insulation (nitrile rubber foam insulation and vacuum insulation) to assess the performance of cool energy retention. The results show that the effect of vacuum insulation is lower compared with nitrile rubber foam insulation. This is due to the low specific heat capacity of the FRP material compared with air that increases the surface temperature of the tank than the ambient air during the day time in the case of vacuum insulation. Hence the study concludes that the additional layer of insulation material with high specific heat capacity than the ambient air to be added on the surface to avoid the overheating of the wall surface. The results are useful in designing the insulation for thermal storage tanks and managing the heat loss.
Effects of fuel distribution on thermal environment and fire hazard
Authors: Khan Aatif Ali , Nan Zhuojun , Zhang Xiaoning , Usmani Asif 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFire accidents in buildings are occurring and claiming thousands of lives each year. Due to various architectural designs, fire hazards would be unique to each building layout. This paper discusses how fire hazard varies with the arrangement of the fuel inside buildings. To comprehensively present the effect of fuel distribution on fire behaviour, results from large‐scale experiments, bench‐scale experiments, empirical correlations, and numerical studies are provided. In large‐scale fire tests, two different cases of wood cribs were tested to demonstrate the effects of porosity on heat generation and fire spread behaviour. Due to the limitations of experimental conditions, the variation in heat release rate attributable to differences in fuel porosity and surface area has been also qualitatively investigated using a cone calorimeter test. To bring the gap between experimental observations and real‐word scenarios, a numerical study is also performed. This study further explores the effects of fuel distribution (considering porosity and surface area of fuel throughout the compartment) and ventilation on fire spread beyond the fire compartment. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations show how the distribution of fuel in different ways can lead fire to spread beyond its origin, as observed in many fire accidents. The paper suggests that designers should consider such critical fire scenarios in performance‐based design.
Consumption responses to sweetened beverage taxes by household income in four U.S. cities
Authors: Knox Melissa A. , Jones‐Smith Jessica C. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTaxes on sweetened beverages have become an important policy response to growing obesity rates and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in the U.S. and other nations. Since 2015, eight U.S. cities have implemented these taxes, but so far direct evidence of their impacts on household purchasing behavior is scarce. Of particular interest to many researchers and policy makers is the response of lower‐income consumers to these taxes, both because they have higher sweetened beverage consumption on average and because of concerns that sweetened beverage taxes are regressive. This project investigates the income‐stratified household response to SSB taxes using a data set containing the purchasing behavior of approximately 400 households in the cities of Seattle, San Francisco, Oakland, and Philadelphia, all of which have recently introduced beverage taxes. Using doubly‐robust estimation of dynamic and heterogeneous treatment effects relative to a propensity‐matched set of households in three comparison cities, we find that households in taxed cities experience increased prices and reduce their purchases of those beverages, with no evidence of cross‐border shopping. We further find differential tax impacts by income level, with lower‐income households (households with income <200% of the federal poverty line for their size) reducing their purchases of taxed beverages by nearly 50% — more than double the 18% reduction found in higher‐income households (households with income >400% of the federal poverty line for their size). Our finding that lower‐income households decrease their consumption more than twice as much as higher‐income households suggests that these taxes may reduce health disparities and promote population health.
Characterization of a novel heterozygous variant in the histidyl‐tRNA synthetase gene associated with Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 2W
Authors: Wilhelm Sarah D. P. , Moresco Angelica A. , Rivero Alberto D. , Siu Victoria Mok , Heinemann Ilka U. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHeterozygous pathogenic variants in the histidyl‐tRNA synthetase (HARS) gene are associated with Charcot–Marie–Tooth (CMT) type 2W disease, classified as an axonal peripheral neuropathy. To date, at least 60 variants causing CMT symptoms have been identified in seven different aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetases, with eight being found in the catalytic domain of HARS. The genetic data clearly show a causative role of aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetases in CMT; however, the cellular mechanisms leading to pathology can vary widely and are unknown in the case of most identified variants. Here we describe a novel HARS variant, c.412T>C; p.Y138H, identified through a CMT gene panel in a patient with peripheral neuropathy. To determine the effect of p.Y138H we employed a humanized HARS yeast model and recombinant protein biochemistry, which identified a deficiency in protein dimerization and a growth defect which shows mild but significant improvement with histidine supplementation. This raises the potential for a clinical trial of histidine.