bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Challenges in Family Support: The Use of Digital Technology in Supporting Parents
Authors: Lamberton Lauren , Devaney John , Bunting Lisa 
Published: January 2017

This study explores how digital technology is being used to provide innovative family support services (FSS), and the challenges and opportunities that this holds for practitioners in delivering the service. Online services hold the possibility of accessing increasing numbers of parents, and providing support that fits with their own needs and availability. Using the parenting website Netmums as a case study, this article explores how staff who engage with parents online understand their role in both supporting parents and safeguarding children. This exploratory study involved in‐depth semi‐structured online interviews with Netmums′ staff (n = 13). A thematic analysis identified a number of key themes, the most frequently occurring being in relation to: identifying and responding to child safeguarding concerns; and the false impression by parents of anonymity in the online environment. This exploratory research raises more questions than it can answer, especially in relation to managing child safeguarding concerns while maintaining a ‘mum friendly’ approach. Online interventions show promise but there is a need for further evaluation of these forms of intervention. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.‘Explores how digital technology is being used to provide innovative family support services’Key Practitioner Messages

Online FSS provide an alternative, cost‐effective service that can be accessed from anywhere, increasing opportunities for parents to become agents in their own support.
Online FSS meet a much broader and largely unfiltered range of needs compared to offline services but they raise unique challenges in identifying and managing child safeguarding concerns.
In‐depth research into innovative online FSS adds to the wider discussion on the future development of family support.
‘Online FSS provide an alternative, cost‐effective service that can be accessed from anywhere’
Stimulation of neurotrophic factors and inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines by exogenous application of triiodothyronine in the rat model of ischemic stroke
Authors: Sabbaghziarani Fatemeh , Mortezaee Keywan , Akbari Mohammad , Kashani Iraj Ragerdi , Soleimani Mansooreh , Hassanzadeh Gholamreza , Zendedel Adib 
Published: January 2017

There is a positive relation between decreases of triiodothyronine (T3) amounts and severity of stroke. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of exogenous T3 application on levels of neurogenesis markers in the subventricular zone. Cerebral ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion in male Wistar rats. There were 4 experimental groups: sham, ischemic, vehicle, and treatment. Rats were injected with T3 (25 μg/kg, IV injection) at 24 hours after ischemia. Animals were sacrificed at day 7 after ischemia. There were high levels of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor, nestin, and Sox2 expressions in gene and protein levels in the T3 treatment group (P ≤ .05 vs ischemic group). Treatment group showed high levels of sera T3 and thyroxine (T4) but low levels of thyrotropin (TSH), tumor necrosis factor‐α, and interleukin‐6 (P ≤ .05 vs ischemic group) at day 4 after ischemia induction. Findings of this study revealed the effectiveness of exogenous T3 application in the improvement of neurogenesis possibly via regulation of proinflammatory cytokines.
Study of Flow Characteristics of Ultrafine CaCO3 Powders in a Spouted Bed
Authors: Sun Liyan , Wang Shuai , Liu Guodong , Lu Huilin 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe flow behavior of gas and ultrafine powder in a spouted bed was numerically investigated by using a two‐fluid model coupled with a population balance equation (PBE). The aggregation process is controlled by the PBE, which is solved by the direct quadrature method of moments. The agglomerate diameter is calculated according to the change in particle number. The solid pressure and viscosity were modified for agglomerates on the basis of the kinetic theory of granular flow. Distributions of diameter, solids volume fraction, and velocity are obtained by the new model. The influence of cohesive intensity and gas velocity on the diameter distribution were analyzed. The spout diameter, a vital parameter for the design of spouted beds, was calculated and a calculation formula is proposed.
Stochastic Collision Nanoelectrochemistry: A Review of Recent Developments
Authors: Peng Yue‐Yi , Qian Ruo‐Can , Hafez Mahmoud Elsayed , Long Yi‐Tao 
Published: January 2017

AbstractSingle‐entity electrochemistry mainly focuses on the properties of single nanoscale systems, which provides a new avenue of studying electrochemical processes at the nanoscale rather than in complex ensemble systems. Stochastic collision nanoelectrochemistry (SCNEC), which has emerged as a convenient and fast single‐entity electrochemical analysis method, has gone through significant improvements over the past few years. As a powerful tool for the establishment of multiple analytical strategies, SCNEC has broad applications in electrochemical analysis, catalysis, biosensing, and so forth. This technique is especially promising for the rapid analysis of a single entity with respect to size, concentration, aggregation, and kinetic studies. In this Minireview, we summarize the basic principles and experimental techniques of SCNEC and give a brief overview of the cutting‐edge developments in SCNEC over the past 3 years.
A Bioorganometallic Approach to Study Histidine Kinase Autophosphorylations
Authors: Wang Nan , She Zhe , Ingar Zakiyya , Martic Sanela , Kraatz Heinz‐Bernhard 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAuto‐phosphorylation of bacterial histidine kinases PhoR, PhoQ, and EnvZ has been investigated using adenosine‐5′‐[γ‐ferrocene] triphosphate (Fc‐ATP) as a cosubstrate for the first time. The study has been carried out in solution and on surface. Results from biochemical multiplex assay and surface electrochemical/optical methods are consistent, which successfully demonstrates that Fc‐ATP is an efficient cosubstrate for histidine kinase auto‐phosphorylations. The study also has discovered that the concentration of Fc‐ATP influences the autophosphorylation efficiency. This developed methodology will provide a powerful tool in studying such biological processes towards further understanding of the involved mechanism.
Mixed‐Linkage Glucan Oligosaccharides Produced by Automated Glycan Assembly Serve as Tools To Determine the Substrate Specificity of Lichenase
Authors: Dallabernardina Pietro , Schuhmacher Frank , Seeberger Peter H. , Pfrengle Fabian 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe mixed‐linkage (1→3),(1→4)‐d‐glucan (MLG) specific glycosyl hydrolase lichenase is an important biochemical tool for the structural characterization of MLGs. It holds potential for application in the brewery, animal feed, and biofuel industries. Several defined MLG oligosaccharides obtained by automated glycan assembly are used to analyze the substrate specificities of Bacillus subtilis lichenase. Two glucose building blocks (BBs), equipped with a temporary fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl chloride (Fmoc) protecting group in the C‐3 or C‐4 position, served to assemble different oligosaccharides by using an automated oligosaccharide synthesizer. Light‐induced cleavage of the glycan products from the solid support followed by global deprotection provided seven MLG oligosaccharides of different length and connectivity. After incubation of the MLG oligosaccharides with lichenase, the digestion products were analyzed by HPLC‐MS. These digestion experiments provided insights into the enzyme's active site that is in line with other recent evidence suggesting that the substrate specificity of lichenases has to be reconsidered. These results demonstrate that synthetic MLG oligosaccharides are useful tools to analyze mixed‐linkage β‐glucanases.
Direct and Autocatalytic Reductive Elimination from Gold Complexes ([(Ph3P)Au(Ar)(CF3)(X)], X=F, Cl, Br, I): The Key Role of Halide Ligands
Authors: Bhattacharjee Rameswar , Nijamudheen A. , Datta Ayan 
Published: January 2017

AbstractKinetic and thermodynamic preferences for the reductive elimination of Caryl−CF3, Caryl−X, Caryl−P, and CF3−X bonds and competitive phosphine dissociation from a series of AuIII complexes [(Ph3P)Au(Ar)(CF3)(X)] (1 X; Ar=4‐Me−C6H4; X=F, Cl, Br, I) are studied computationally. Kinetically, the most favorable pathways were found to consist of an initial phosphine dissociation from complex 1 X, which furnished the respective three‐coordinate AuIII complexes [Au(Ar)(CF3)(X)] (2 X). The computed enthalpy barriers for various reductive elimination reactions from complex 2 X by a direct (or uncatalyzed) mechanism showed that Caryl−CF3 bond formation was the most favorable fate for any X group. When the direct elimination was compared with an autocatalytic mechanism that proceeded through the formation of a mixed‐valent binuclear AuIII−AuI intermediate, the preference for the formation of a Caryl−CF3 bond is dependent on the nature of the bridging halide atom and follows the order F>Cl>Br>I. Concomitantly, the selectivity for the formation of Caryl−X bonds for various X atoms follows the opposite trend. The preference for the direct and autocatalytic processes is controlled entirely by the nature of the halide ligand. The predicted mechanisms and product selectivity trends for various halides show excellent agreement with recent experimental observation. The selectivity of various reductive elimination pathways was rationalized by using molecular orbital theory and distortion–interaction model analyses. Attractive interactions between the AuI complex and complex 2X were found to reduce the activation barrier for Caryl−X elimination and critically control the selectivity of the product formation.
Effect of a solvent‐free acetylation treatment on reinforcements permeability and tensile behaviour of flax/epoxy and flax/wood fibre/epoxy composites
Authors: El Boustani Meriem , Lebrun Gilbert , Brouillette François , Belfkira Ahmed 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTAcetylation is a common way to enhance interfacial adhesion between natural fibres and polymeric matrices in composites. This work investigates the effect of a solvent‐free environmentally friendly acetylation treatment of short flax and kraft fibres on the impregnation behaviour and tensile properties of flax fibre/epoxy composites. Untreated and acetylated fibres have been used to prepare fibre mats, which were next studied for their morphology, their permeability to liquid epoxy, and their ability to adhere to the epoxy matrix after cure. The results show that acetylation enhances the roughness of flax fibres and improves fibre‐matrix interaction, but reduces the permeability of the fibre mats and the intrinsic properties of fibres, thus leading to slightly lower composite modulus and strength. The proposed treatment is an interesting option to improve the affinity between natural fibres and polymeric matrices, but more work will be required to improve the interfacial adhesion without damaging the fibres.
The novel fusion transcript NR5A2‐KLHL29FT is generated by an insertion at the KLHL29 locus
Authors: Sun Zhenguo , Ke Xiquan , Salzberg Steven L. , Kim Daehwan , Antonescu Valentin , Cheng Yulan , Huang Binbin , Song Jee Hoon , Abraham John M. , Ibrahim Sariat , Tian Hui , Meltzer Stephen J. 
Published: January 2017

BACKGROUNDNovel fusion transcripts (FTs) caused by chromosomal rearrangement are common factors in the development of cancers. In the current study, the authors used massively parallel RNA sequencing to identify new FTs in colon cancers.METHODSRNA sequencing (RNA‐Seq) and TopHat‐Fusion were used to identify new FTs in colon cancers. The authors then investigated whether the novel FT nuclear receptor subfamily 5, group A, member 2 (NR5A2)‐Kelch‐like family member 29 FT (KLHL29FT) was transcribed from a genomic chromosomal rearrangement. Next, the expression of NR5A2‐KLHL29FT was measured by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction in colon cancers and matched corresponding normal epithelia.RESULTSThe authors identified the FT NR5A2‐KLHL29FT in normal and cancerous epithelia. While investigating this transcript, it was unexpectedly found that it was due to an uncharacterized polymorphic germline insertion of the NR5A2 sequence from chromosome 1 into the KLHL29 locus at chromosome 2, rather than a chromosomal rearrangement. This germline insertion, which occurred at a population frequency of 0.40, appeared to bear no relationship to cancer development. Moreover, expression of NR5A2‐KLHL29FT was validated in RNA specimens from samples with insertions of NR5A2 at the KLHL29 gene locus, but not from samples without this insertion. It is interesting to note that NR5A2‐KLH29FT expression levels were significantly lower in colon cancers than in matched normal colonic epithelia (P =.029), suggesting the potential participation of NR5A2‐KLHL29FT in the origin or progression of this tumor type.CONCLUSIONSNR5A2‐KLHL29FT was generated from a polymorphism insertion of the NR5A2 sequence into the KLHL29 locus. NR5A2‐KLHL29FT may influence the origin or progression of colon cancer. Moreover, researchers should be aware that similar FTs may occur due to transchromosomal insertions that are not correctly annotated in genome databases, especially with current assembly algorithms. Cancer 2017;123:1507–1515. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Measurement of T‐Cell Telomere Length Using Amplified‐Signal FISH Staining and Flow Cytometry
Authors: Henning Andrea L. , Levitt Danielle E. , Vingren Jakob L. , McFarlin Brian K. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractExposure to pathogen‐associated molecular patterns (PAMPS), damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPS), and physiologically challenging stimuli either positively or negatively affect leukocyte maturity. Cellular maturity has implications for the effectiveness of host response to bacterial or viral infection and/or tissue injury. Thus, the ability to accurately assess cellular maturity and health is important to fully understand immune status and function. The most common technique for measuring cellular maturity is to measure telomere length; however, existing techniques are not optimized for single‐cell measurements using flow cytometry. Specifically, existing methods used to measure telomere length are PCR‐based, making it difficult for a researcher to measure maturity within specific leukocyte subsets (e.g., T cells). In this report, we describe a new approach for the measurement of telomere length within individual T cells using an amplified fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique (PrimeFlow RNA Assay). The unique aspect of this technique is that it amplifies the fluorescent signal rather than the target up to 3000‐fold, resulting in the detection of as few as 1 copy of the target nucleic acid. While the current technique focuses on human T cells, this method can be broadly applied to a variety of cell types and disease models. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Identification of Human Memory‐Like NK Cells
Authors: Kovalenko Elena I. , Streltsova Maria A. , Kanevskiy Leonid M. , Erokhina Sophia A. , Telford William G. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractOur understanding of NK biology is increased dramatically, a product of improved flow‐cytometric techniques for analyzing these cells. NK cells undergo significant changes in repertoire during differentiation. A repeating stimulus, such as a cytomegalovirus infection, may result in accumulation of certain types of highly differentiated NK cells designated as memory‐like, or adaptive NK cells. Adaptive NK cells are capable of rapid expansion and effective response to the recall stimulus. These cells differ significantly from conventional NK cells both functionally and phenotypically. Here we describe an approach for identification and analysis of adaptive NK cells in human peripheral blood. CD57‐positive cells with high expression of activating‐receptor NKG2C, increased expression of KIR receptors, lack of co‐expression with inhibitory receptor NKG2A, and decreased expression of activating receptor NCR3 (NKp30) all characterize this cell type. The flow‐cytometric method described below can identify this NK cell subset on a relatively simple flow cytometer. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Standardization, Calibration, and Control in Flow Cytometry
Authors: Wang Lili , Hoffman Robert A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBecause flow cytometers are designed to measure particle characteristics, particles are the most common materials used to calibrate, control, and standardize the instruments. Definitions and cautions are provided for common terms to alert the reader to critical distinctions in meaning. This unit presents extensive background on particle types and cautions and describes practical aspects of methods to standardize and calibrate instruments. Procedures are provided to characterize performance in terms of optical alignment, fluorescence and light scatter resolution, and sensitivity. Finally, suggestions follow for analyzing particles used for calibration. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Human Induced Pluripotent Stem (hiPS) Cells from Urine Samples: A Non‐Integrative and Feeder‐Free Reprogramming Strategy
Authors: Steichen Clara , Si‐Tayeb Karim , Wulkan Fanny , Crestani Thayane , Rosas Graça , Dariolli Rafael , Pereira Alexandre C. , Krieger Jose E. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractHuman induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) cell technology has already revolutionized some aspects of fundamental and applied research such as study of disease mechanisms and pharmacology screening. The first clinical trial using hiPS cell‐derived cells began in Japan, only 10 years after the publication of the proof‐of concept article. In this exciting context, strategies to generate hiPS cells have evolved quickly, tending towards non‐invasive protocols to sample somatic cells combined with “safer” reprogramming strategies. In this unit, we describe a protocol combining both of these advantages to generate hiPS cells with episomal plasmid transfection from urine samples of individuals carrying the desired genotype. Based on previous published works, this simplified protocol requires minimal equipment and reagents, and is suitable both for scientists familiar with the hiPS cells technology and neophytes. HiPS cells displaying classical features of pluripotency and suitable for all desired downstream applications are generated rapidly (<10 weeks) and with high efficiency. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Generating Exome Enriched Sequencing Libraries from Formalin‐Fixed, Paraffin‐Embedded Tissue DNA for Next‐Generation Sequencing
Authors: Marosy Beth A. , Craig Brian D. , Hetrick Kurt N. , Witmer P. Dane , Ling Hua , Griffith Sean M. , Myers Benjamin , Ostrander Elaine A. , Stanford Janet L. , Brody Lawrence C. , Doheny Kimberly F. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis unit describes a technique for generating exome‐enriched sequencing libraries using DNA extracted from formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) samples. Utilizing commercially available kits, we present a low‐input FFPE workflow starting with 50 ng of DNA. This procedure includes a repair step to address damage caused by FFPE preservation that improves sequence quality. Subsequently, libraries undergo an in‐solution‐targeted selection for exons, followed by sequencing using the Illumina next‐generation short‐read sequencing platform. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Diagnosis of Spinocerebellar Ataxias Caused by Trinucleotide Repeat Expansions
Authors: Martindale Joanne E. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractSpinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are a group of disorders that are both clinically and genetically heterogeneous. They usually demonstrate onset in adulthood, but some forms may have juvenile or infantile onset. There are many different types of SCA, demonstrating different modes of inheritance and types of mutation. The most common forms are due to dominantly inherited expansions in trinucleotide repeat sequences located within the coding region of the relevant genes, and these are readily identifiable by molecular genetic testing. In general, it is possible to test for these disorders using PCR‐based assays, amplifying across the trinucleotide repeat regions and sizing the PCR products to determine the number of repeats. Larger expansions are generally associated with a more severe presentation of the disorder, and alternative methods may be necessary to detect these alleles. This protocol describes methods for detecting normal and expanded triplet repeat alleles in the most common SCA genes. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Highly Expandable Human iPS Cell–Derived Neural Progenitor Cells (NPC) and Neurons for Central Nervous System Disease Modeling and High‐Throughput Screening
Authors: Cheng Chialin , Fass Daniel M. , Folz‐Donahue Kat , MacDonald Marcy E. , Haggarty Stephen J. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractReprogramming of human somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells has greatly expanded the set of research tools available to investigate the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Realizing the promise of iPS cell technology for the identification of novel therapeutic targets and for high‐throughput drug screening requires implementation of methods for the large‐scale production of defined CNS cell types. Here we describe a protocol for generating stable, highly expandable, iPS cell–derived CNS neural progenitor cells (NPC) using multi‐dimensional fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) to purify NPC defined by cell surface markers. In addition, we describe a rapid, efficient, and reproducible method for generating excitatory cortical‐like neurons from these NPC through inducible expression of the pro‐neural transcription factor Neurogenin 2 (iNgn2‐NPC). Finally, we describe methodology for the use of iNgn2‐NPC for probing human neuroplasticity and mechanisms underlying CNS disorders using high‐content, single‐cell‐level automated microscopy assays. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Next‐Generation Sequencing for Identification of EMS‐Induced Mutations in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Lehrbach Nicolas J. , Ji Fei , Sadreyev Ruslan 
Published: January 2017

AbstractForward genetic analysis using chemical mutagenesis in model organisms is a powerful tool for investigation of molecular mechanisms in biological systems. In the nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, mutagenesis screens using ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) have led to important insights into genetic control of animal development and physiology. A major bottleneck to this approach is identification of the causative mutation underlying a phenotype of interest. In the past, this has required time‐consuming genetic mapping experiments. More recently, next‐generation sequencing technologies have allowed development of new methods for rapid mapping and identification of EMS‐induced lesions. In this unit we describe a protocol to map and identify EMS‐induced mutations in C. elegans. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.