bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Bond Strength and Fracture Resistance of Different Post Systems
Authors: Türker Sevinç Aktemur , Özçelik Bahar , Yilmaz Zeliha 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT

Aim
To compare the bond strength and the fracture resistance of different post systems.

Materials and methods
Endodontically treated 60 mandibular incisor and 60 mandibular premolar teeth were used for the bond strength and fracture resistance test respectively. For each test, three groups (n = 20) were formed according to the posts used zirconia posts (ZR post), individually formed glass fiber reinforced composite posts with an (Interpenetrating Polymer Network—IPN post) and cast metal posts. Then groups were randomly assigned into two subgroups according to the post design: 1-parallel sided and 2-tapered (n = 10/group). All posts were luted with a self-adhesive luting agent. For push-out test two 1 mm thick horizontal root sections were obtained and subjected to push-out test. For fracture resistance test, the specimens were loaded vertically at 1 mm/min crosshead speed. The push out test data were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's test. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey significant difference tests were used to compare the fracture resistance.

Results
Cast metal posts showed the highest retention (p < 0.05); however, IPN and zirconia posts showed similar results. No significant difference was found between parallel sided or tapered designs of post groups in terms of bond strength (p > 0.05). In terms of fracture resistance, IPN post groups showed lowest fracture resistance (p < 0.05). No significant difference was found between parallel sided or tapered posts in terms of fracture resistance, except zirconia post (p > 0.05). There was no relationship between the bond strength and fracture resistance of the post systems (r = – 0.015, p > 0.700).

Conclusion
Post type had effect both on the fracture resistance and retention of the posts used. However, post design had effect only on the fracture resistance of the post systems.

Clinical significance
Superficial treatment of the post used can improve the retention of post systems.

How to cite this article
Türker SA, Özçelik B, Yilmaz Z. Evaluation of the Bond Strength and Fracture Resistance of Different Post Systems. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(10): 788-793.
Utilization of Dental Services in Public Health Center: Dental Attendance, Awareness and Felt Needs
Authors: Pewa Preksha , Dagli Rushabh , Solanki Jitendra , Garla Bharath K , Bhateja Geetika Arora 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT

Background
In rural India, dental diseases occur due to many factors, which includes inadequate or improper use of fluoride and a lack of knowledge regarding oral health and oral hygiene, which prevent proper screening and dental care of oral diseases. The objective of the study was to evaluate the dental attendance, awareness and utilization of dental services in public health center.

Materials and methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 251 study subjects who were visiting dental outpatient department (OPD) of public health centre (PHC), Guda Bishnoi, and Jodhpur using a pretested proforma from month of July 2014 to October 2014. A pretested questionnaire was used to collect the data regarding socioeconomic status and demographic factors affecting the utilization of dental services. Pearson's Chi-square test and step-wise logistic regression were applied for the analysis.

Results
Statistically significant results were found in relation to age, educational status, socioeconomic status and gender with dental attendance, dental awareness and felt needs. p-value <0.05 was kept as statistically significant.

Conclusion
The services provided in public health center should be based on the felt need of the population to increase attendance as well as utilization of dental services, thereby increasing the oral health status of the population.

How to cite this article
Pewa P, Garla BK, Dagli R, Bhateja GA, Solanki J. Utilization of Dental Services in Public Health Center: Dental Attendance, Awareness and Felt Needs. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(10):829-833.
Penetration of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles through Slightly Damaged Skin in Vitro and in vivo
Authors: Xie Guangping , Lu Weixin , Lu Dongmin 
Published: November 2015

Purpose Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) have been widely developed for versatile use, but the potential risk form their skin exposure is still unclear. To evaluate this risk, the skin penetration of TiO2-NPs is necessary to be understood first. The aims of this study are to investigated the penetration of TiO2-NPs through slightly damaged skin and intact skin in vitro and in vivo. Methods TiO2-NPs with a diameter of 20 nm was labeled with 125I. The skin of rat was treated with 2% SLS solution and obtained as slightly damaged skin. The 125I labeled TiO2-NPs (125I-TiO2-NPs)solution and 0.9% PS solution were added into the donor chamber and receptor chamber of static diffusion cells which clamped the skin at the middle of two half-cells, respectively. During 24 hours, samples were extracted from the receptor chamber and counted for 1 min using γ-counter to detect the radioactivity. The skin penetration of TiO2-NPs in vitro was expressed as the percentage of radioactivity of receptor chamber solution compared with total radioactivity in the donor chamber. Thereafter, the 125I-TiO2-NPs was exposed to the rats. After 1 day and 3 days, the blood and tissues of rats were harvested, weighed and counted for 1 min using γ-counter to detect the tissue radioactivity. The skin penetration of TiO2-NPs in vivo was expressed as the percentage dose per gram tissue (% dose/g). Results In the skin penetration experiment in vitro, the radioactivity of receptor chamber solution through damaged skin was higher than that of through intact skin and was about 2% radioactivity of donor chamber on 24 h. In the skin penetration experiment in vivo, the radioactivity of blood and tissues of rats after exposing to 125I-TiO2-NPs solution though damaged skin or intact skin were less than 0.05% dose/g on 1 d and quickly declined on 3 d. The skin penetration rates of TiO2-NPs through slightly damaged skin and intact skin in vitro and vivo were lower than the rate of free 125I in the TiO2-NPs solution. Conclusions The TiO2-NPs could not penetrate through the damaged skin or intact skin both in vitro and in vivo. It suggested that the TiO2-NPs should be safe when it was applied and contacted with skin.
Impact of c-erbB-2 Protein on 5-year Survival Rate of Gastric Cancer Patients after Surgery: A Cohort Study and Meta-analysis
Authors: Wu Hao , Cai Zhenzhai , Lu Guangrong , Cao Shuguang , Huang He , Jiang Yi , Sun Weijian 
Published: November 2015

Objective To explore the association of c-erbB-2 protein expression with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of gastric cancer (GC) after surgery. Methods A total of 133 patients undergoing surgical resection for GC between March 2006 and January 2009 in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University were included in this study. c-erbB-2 protein expression was determined by immunohistochemistry. Afterwards, a meta-analysis was performed to further confirm the association between c-erbB-2 protein expression and GC by employing stringent inclusion and exclusion criteria. All data analyses were conducted with STATA 12.0 and SPSS 19.0. Results There was no significant difference in c-erbB-2 expression among patients with various parameters including age, gender and histological types (all p>0.05). Among 133 GC patients, 32 patients presented c-erbB-2-positive expression and 101 presented c-erbB-2-negative expression (24.1% vs. 75.9%). The c-erbB-2-positive expression rate was significantly higher in GC tissues of patients with lymph node metastasis than those without. Similarly, a significant increase in c-erbB-2 expression was observed in well/moderately differentiated GC tissues compared with poorly differentiated GC. Patients with negative c-erbB-2 expression had a higher 5-year survival rate than those with positive c-erbB-2 expression, which was consistent with the results of the meta-analysis (OR = 0.54, 95% CI 0.37-0.80, p = 0.002). Conclusions Our study demonstrated that high expression of c-erbB-2 protein was strongly associated with lymph node metastasis, histological differentiation and 5-year survival rate in GC patients after surgery.
The Elegiac Tradition and the Imagined Geography of the Sea and the Shore
Authors: Mills Rebecca 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
This article investigates the prevalence of the sea and the seashore in the elegiac tradition from a geocritical perspective, including poems by John Milton, Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Matthew Arnold, Robert Lowell, Carolyn Kizer, Sylvia Plath, and Elizabeth Bishop. I draw attention to the prevalence and recurrence of oceanic and littoral topographies in elegies from both Britain and America, and from different periods, in order to demonstrate a geography-based continuity within the tradition and genre, thereby challenging and developing popular critical narratives of shift and rupture in the heritage of elegy. By extension, I illustrate the relevance of geocriticism to poetry, specifically in the investigation of elegiac strategies connected to the drawing of cartographies of imagination, emotion and memory. Focusing on the elegiac seashore—in particular Plath's “Berck-Plage” and Bishop's “North Haven,” in addition to the cultural imaginary of the ocean that they draw upon—enables the connection of specific perspectives on death and loss to specific kinds of spatial imaginations.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Mathematics Research, Vol. 7, No. 4
Authors: Wang Sophia 
Published: November 2015

<p><em>Journal of Mathematics Research</em> wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal is greatly appreciated.</p><p>Many authors, regardless of whether <em>Journal of Mathematics Research</em> publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers.</p><p><strong>Reviewers for Volume 7, Number 4</strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p>Abdelaziz Mennouni</p><p>Alberto Simoes</p><p>Antonio Boccuto</p><p>Arman Aghili</p><p>Cecília Rosa</p><p>David Bartl</p><p>Dimple Chalishajar</p><p>Hari M. Srivastava</p><p>Kuldeep Narain Mathur</p><p>Lana Yeganova</p><p>Li Wang</p><p>Marek Brabec</p><p>Maria Alessandra Ragusa</p><p>Michael Wohlgenannt</p><p>Mohammad Sajid</p><p>Ömür DEVECİ</p><p>Peng Zhang</p><p>Petr Bujok</p><p>Philip Philipoff</p><p>R. Roopkumar</p><p>Roberto S. Costas-Santos</p><p>Rovshan Bandaliyev</p><p>Saima Anis</p><p>Sanjib Kumar Datta</p><p>Selcuk Koyuncu</p><p>Sergiy Koshkin</p><p>Xinyun Zhu</p><p>Youssef El-Khatib</p><p>Zoubir DAHMANI</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p>Sophia Wang</p><p>On behalf of,</p><p>The Editorial Board of <em>Journal of Mathematics Research</em></p><p>Canadian Center of Science and Education</p>
Performance Characteristics of Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Salivary Glands in Fine-Needle Aspirates: Results From the College of American Pathologists Nongynecologic Cytology Program
Authors: Tabatabai Z. Laura , Auger Manon , Kurtycz Daniel F. I. , Laser Alice , Souers Rhona J. , Laucirica Rodolfo , Barkan Guliz A. , Crothers Barbara A. , Khalbuss Walid E. 
Published: November 2015

ContextAlthough the cytomorphology of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) has been well described, the accuracy of this diagnosis in fine-needle aspirates (FNAs) of the salivary glands has not been extensively evaluated.ObjectiveTo assess participants' responses in the College of American Pathologists (CAP) Nongynecologic Cytology (NGC) Program to determine the accuracy and false-negative rate of ACC cases in salivary gland FNAs.DesignA retrospective review of the CAP NGC Program's cumulative data from 2000–2010 was performed for the general and the specific reference diagnosis categories for ACC in salivary gland FNAs according to preparation and participant types.ResultsOf 5156 responses, the overall concordance rates for both the general category of malignancy and the specific category of ACC were 63.6% (3279 of 5156) and 38.6% (1966 of 5088), respectively, with a false-negative rate of 36.4% (1877 of 5156). The most frequent false-negative responses were pleomorphic (1080) and monomorphic (526) adenoma (1614 of 5088, 31.5%), while lymphoma was the most frequent malignant misinterpretation. There was a significant statistical difference in concordance to the reference interpretation between the reader types: 39.9% (1006 of 2521) concordance rate for pathologists compared to 33.8% (503 of 1488) for cytotechnologists. However, there was no significant statistical difference for concordance to the general category or reference interpretation, based on preparation type (Papanicolaou versus modified Giemsa stained).ConclusionsIn this interlaboratory comparison educational program, accurate identification of ACC has shown to be problematic, with ACC representing an important cause of false-negative responses. The most common diagnostic pitfall is distinguishing this entity from pleomorphic and monomorphic adenoma in the benign category and from lymphoma and adenocarcinoma in the malignant one.
Value of Molecular Tests in Cytologically Indeterminate Lesions of Thyroid
Authors: Zhang Xinmin 
Published: November 2015

ContextFine-needle aspiration has been the initial step in the workup of thyroid nodular lesions and has successfully reduced the number of unnecessary surgeries and improved preoperative malignancy detection. However, up to one-third of cases fall in the diagnostically “indeterminate group,” which poses a patient-management challenge.ObjectiveTo review the characteristics of molecular tests useful for stratifying the malignancy risk of indeterminate thyroid lesions, including their advantages and limitations.Data sourcesPubMed.ConclusionsMolecular tests are useful for triage of indeterminate thyroid nodules initially diagnosed by using fine-needle aspiration. Immunocytochemistry is readily available with the shortest turnaround time among the molecular tests but suffers from poor reproducibility and low interpretation concordance. Gene mutation analysis is superior in detecting malignancies as a rule-in test, despite low specificity. Next-generation sequencing seems promising but needs more validations before widespread use. Gene expression profiling is more suitable for detecting benign lesions as a rule-out test to avoid unnecessary surgeries but is not reliable in excluding malignancies. MicroRNA profiling has great potential for both risk stratification and predicting prognosis but is limited by significant variations in sensitivity and specificity. Although many questions still need to be answered, taken together, molecular tests are a promising option for classifying cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodular lesions.
Expression of Angiogenic Factors in Invasive Retinoblastoma Tumors Is Associated With Increase in Tumor Cells Expressing Stem Cell Marker Sox2
Authors: Garcia Jesús R. , Gombos Dan S. , Prospero Claudia M. , Ganapathy Aravindh , Penland Rebecca L. , Chévez-Barrios Patricia 
Published: November 2015

ContextProgression of retinoblastoma is associated with increased tumor angiogenesis. However, a clear relationship between the expression of angiogenic markers in specific regions of the tumor and tumor progression has not been established. This study investigates the association between angiogenic factors in retinoblastomas with choroidal and/or optic nerve invasion (high-risk/invasive retinoblastoma) and expression of Sox2, a stem cell marker.ObjectiveTo investigate the association between the expression of angiogenic factors and markers of tumor invasiveness, such as the stem cell marker Sox2, in retinoblastoma tissues.DesignImmunohistochemistry was used to evaluate coexpression of the angiogenic growth factors vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR-2), and endoglin (CD105); markers of glial differentiation (vimentin and glial fibrillary acidic protein); and a neural stem cell marker (Sox2). Expression was assessed in nonneoplastic and neoplastic ocular tissues collected from enucleated eyes of patients with retinoblastoma. During qualitative data interpretation, evaluating pathologists were masked to patient grouping.ResultsExpression of VEGF-A and VEGFR-2 in noninvasive (non–high-risk feature) retinoblastoma tumors was lower than in the invasive, or high-risk feature tumors. Moreover, our data indicate that the tumor cells, and not the surrounding stroma, secrete VEGF-A and that angiogenesis is mostly localized to the iris. Finally, our data showed that the expression of the neural stem cell marker Sox2 is associated with eyes with increased VEGF-A expression and tumor invasiveness.ConclusionsIncreased expression of angiogenic factors, with a concomitant increase in expression of the stem cell marker Sox2 observed in retinoblastoma tissues, may partially explain the aggressiveness of these tumors. The complex interaction of angiogenic and stem cell–related pathways in these tumors, especially in high-risk feature retinoblastoma, suggests that targeting tumor cells capable of secreting vasculogenic factors, as well as proangiogenic genes and signaling pathways, may be necessary for development of effective antimetastatic retinoblastoma drugs.
Comparison of Oncotype DX Recurrence Score by Histologic Types of Breast Carcinoma
Authors: Bomeisl Philip E. , Thompson Cheryl L. , Harris Lyndsay N. , Gilmore Hannah L. 
Published: November 2015

ContextOncotype DX (ODX) is a widely used commercial assay that estimates the risk of distant recurrence and may predict the benefit of chemotherapy in a subset of breast cancers. Some studies have shown the ability to predict Oncotype DX recurrence score (ODXRS), based on routinely reported pathologic features; however, there are limited data correlating specific histologic type of breast cancer to ODXRS.ObjectiveTo compare ODXRS to specific histologic types of breast cancer.DesignOne hundred eighty-four cases were sent for ODXRS testing and the results were compared with histologic type and grade.ResultsThe highest average ODXRS was seen in invasive ductal carcinoma with micropapillary features (29) followed by invasive ductal carcinoma not otherwise specified (mean = 19.4, SD = 11.6), invasive mucinous carcinoma (mean = 17.2, SD = 5.9), invasive lobular carcinoma (mean = 15.7, SD = 7.2), mixed ductal and lobular carcinoma (mean = 14.1, SD = 7.7), tubular carcinoma (10.0), and mixed ductal and mucinous carcinoma (mean = 8.0, SD = 4.2). Most tumors that had a high ODXRS were grade 3 invasive ductal carcinoma, representing 13 of a total of 20 cases (65%). Interestingly, 3 of the 4 cases of pure invasive mucinous carcinoma had an intermediate ODXRS.ConclusionsAlthough the numbers are small, our findings raise further awareness of the significance between histologic type and grade, and RS in breast cancer. In some special histologic types of breast cancer, particularly those considered to follow either an excellent or poor clinical course by histology alone, it is unclear whether the ODXRS results are as meaningful as in carcinomas of no special type. Further investigation with higher numbers and outcome data is needed.
Differential Diagnosis of Necrotizing Sinonasal Lesions
Authors: Montone Kathleen T. 
Published: November 2015

ContextA number of entities may result in necrosis in the sinonasal tract and lead to significant morbidity and mortality. These include infections, necrotizing vasculitis, neoplastic processes, and drug dependency. This review will concentrate on the differential diagnosis of sinonasal necrotizing lesions.ObjectiveTo review the differential diagnoses of necrotizing destructive lesions of the sinonasal tract.Data SourcesThe current literature was reviewed to provide updated information regarding the differential diagnosis of sinonasal necrotizing lesions, including infectious disease processes; antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody–associated vasculitides; neoplastic processes, particularly natural killer/T-cell lymphomas; and drug abuse.ConclusionsThe differential diagnosis of necrotizing sinonasal lesions is broad, with often overlapping diagnostic features that lead to diagnostic challenges. Ancillary tests such as special stains and immunohistochemical studies can offer significant assistance.
Posterolateral Corner Knee Injuries: Review of Anatomy and Clinical Evaluation
Authors: Schweller Eric W. , Ward Peter J. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe structures in the posterolateral corner of the knee, which stabilize the joint, are often involved in injuries to the posterior cruciate ligament. Familiar structures include the anterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament, tibial collateral ligament, and menisci. Less familiar are the structures of the posterolateral corner, the most important of which are the fibular collateral ligament, popliteus tendon, and popliteofibular ligament, which resist varus angulation, external rotation, or posterior translation of the tibia. Injury to the posterolateral corner can be assessed with the posterolateral drawer, dial, reverse pivot shift, external rotation recurvatum, and varus stress tests. The purpose of this review is to highlight the posterolateral corner of the knee and injuries to its structures so that physicians can more accurately diagnose these injuries and provide appropriate treatment. Management focuses on restoring the fibular collateral ligament, popliteofibular ligament, and, in certain cases, the popliteus tendon.
Implementation of a Resident-Led Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment Clinic in an Allopathic Residency
Authors: Busey CPT Blake , Newsome CPT Jelaun , Raymond CPT Tyler , O’Mara MAJ Heather 
Published: November 2015

Abstract

Context: With the growing number of osteopathic physicians practicing in the United States and the creation of a single graduate medical education system, a continued need exists for focused education in osteopathic principles, philosophy, and treatment modalities in primarily allopathic residency programs.

Objective: To create and integrate a resident-led osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) clinic in an allopathic residency program.

Methods: After an informal needs assessment on the basis of resident survey data, a resident-led OMT clinic was created within a military allopathic family medicine residency program. A standard operating procedure, resident survey, and scheduling system were created by the residents for approval by the departmental and hospital leadership. Resident survey data pertaining to the time available to perform OMT, education, and faculty supervision of OMT were obtained before the clinic implementation and 1 year after implementation.

Results: Nine osteopathic residents were surveyed before the OMT clinic implementation to illustrate a need for continued osteopathic medical education, faculty support, and skill maintenance. Sixteen osteopathic residents were surveyed after the OMT clinic implementation. More residents indicated that the establishment of an osteopathic curriculum was important (3 of 9 in the preclinic survey vs 9 of 16 in the postclinic survey) and that the program promoted the use of OMT (0 of 9 in the preclinic survey vs 13 of 16 in the postclinic survey).

Conclusion: A resident-led OMT clinic can be successfully implemented, maintained, and expanded in an allopathic residency program by implementing an OMT curriculum, offering elective rotations, and encouraging regular use of OMT. The current project can be used as a framework for implementing an OMT clinic.