bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spindle assembly checkpoint inactivation fails to suppress neuroblast tumour formation in aurA mutant Drosophila
Authors: Caous Renaud , Pascal Aude , Romé Pierre , Richard-Parpaillon Laurent , Karess Roger , Giet Régis 
Published: November 2015

AbstractTissue homeostasis requires accurate control of cell proliferation, differentiation and chromosome segregation. Drosophila sas-4 and aurA mutants present brain tumours with extra neuroblasts (NBs), defective mitotic spindle assembly and delayed mitosis due to activation of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). Here we inactivate the SAC in aurA and sas-4 mutants to determine whether the generation of aneuploidy compromises NB proliferation. Inactivation of the SAC in the sas-4 mutant impairs NB proliferation and disrupts euploidy. By contrast, disrupting the SAC in the aurA mutant does not prevent NB amplification, tumour formation or chromosome segregation. The monitoring of Mad2 and cyclin B dynamics in live aurA NBs reveals that SAC satisfaction is not coupled to cyclin B degradation. Thus, the NBs of aurA mutants present delayed mitosis, with accurate chromosome segregation occurring in a SAC-independent manner. We report here the existence of an Aurora A-dependent mechanism promoting efficient, timed cyclin B degradation.
Direct observation and imaging of a spin-wave soliton with p-like symmetry
Authors: Bonetti S. , Kukreja R. , Chen Z. , Macià F. , Hernàndez J. M. , Eklund A. , Backes D. , Frisch J. , Katine J. , Malm G. , Urazhdin S. , Kent A. D. , Stöhr J. , Ohldag H. , Dürr H. A. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractSpin waves, the collective excitations of spins, can emerge as nonlinear solitons at the nanoscale when excited by an electrical current from a nanocontact. These solitons are expected to have essentially cylindrical symmetry (that is, s-like), but no direct experimental observation exists to confirm this picture. Using a high-sensitivity time-resolved magnetic X-ray microscopy with 50 ps temporal resolution and 35 nm spatial resolution, we are able to create a real-space spin-wave movie and observe the emergence of a localized soliton with a nodal line, that is, with p-like symmetry. Micromagnetic simulations explain the measurements and reveal that the symmetry of the soliton can be controlled by magnetic fields. Our results broaden the understanding of spin-wave dynamics at the nanoscale, with implications for the design of magnetic nanodevices.
Scalable, full-colour and controllable chromotropic plasmonic printing
Authors: Xue Jiancai , Zhou Zhang-Kai , Wei Zhiqiang , Su Rongbin , Lai Juan , Li Juntao , Li Chao , Zhang Tengwei , Wang Xue-Hua 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPlasmonic colour printing has drawn wide attention as a promising candidate for the next-generation colour-printing technology. However, an efficient approach to realize full colour and scalable fabrication is still lacking, which prevents plasmonic colour printing from practical applications. Here we present a scalable and full-colour plasmonic printing approach by combining conjugate twin-phase modulation with a plasmonic broadband absorber. More importantly, our approach also demonstrates controllable chromotropic capability, that is, the ability of reversible colour transformations. This chromotropic capability affords enormous potentials in building functionalized prints for anticounterfeiting, special label, and high-density data encryption storage. With such excellent performances in functional colour applications, this colour-printing approach could pave the way for plasmonic colour printing in real-world commercial utilization.
Dephasing-Induced Control of Interference Nature in Three-Level Electromagnetically Induced Tansparency Systems
Authors: Sun Yong , Yang Yaping , Chen Hong , Zhu Shiyao 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe influence of the dephasing on interference is investigated theoretically and experimentally in three-level electromagnetically induced transparency systems. The nature of the interference, constructive, no interference or destructive, can be controlled by adjusting the dephasing rates. This new phenomenon is experimentally observed in meta-atoms. The physics behind the dephasing-induced control of interference nature is the competing between stimulated emission and spontaneous emission. The random phase fluctuation due to the dephasing will result in the correlation and anti-correlation between the two dressed states, which will enhance and reduce the stimulated emission, respectively.
Bumblebee learning and memory is impaired by chronic exposure to a neonicotinoid pesticide
Authors: Stanley Dara A. , Smith Karen E. , Raine Nigel E. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBumblebees are exposed to pesticides applied for crop protection while foraging on treated plants, with increasing evidence suggesting that this sublethal exposure has implications for pollinator declines. The challenges of navigating and learning to manipulate many different flowers underline the critical role learning plays for the foraging success and survival of bees. We assessed the impacts of both acute and chronic exposure to field-realistic levels of a widely applied neonicotinoid insecticide, thiamethoxam, on bumblebee odour learning and memory. Although bees exposed to acute doses showed conditioned responses less frequently than controls, we found no difference in the number of individuals able to learn at field-realistic exposure levels. However, following chronic pesticide exposure, bees exposed to field-realistic levels learnt more slowly and their short-term memory was significantly impaired following exposure to 2.4 ppb pesticide. These results indicate that field-realistic pesticide exposure can have appreciable impacts on learning and memory, with potential implications for essential individual behaviour and colony fitness.
Molecular Designs for Enhancement of Polarity in Ferroelectric Soft Materials
Authors: Ohtani Ryo , Nakaya Manabu , Ohmagari Hitomi , Nakamura Masaaki , Ohta Kazuchika , Lindoy Leonard F. , Hayami Shinya 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe racemic oxovanadium(IV) salmmen complexes, [VO((rac)-(4-X-salmmen))] (X = C12C10C5 (1), C16 (2) and C18 (3); salmmen = N,N′-monomethylenebis-salicylideneimine) with “banana shaped” molecular structures were synthesized and their ferroelectric properties were investigated. These complexes exhibit well-defined hysteresis loops in their viscous phases, moreover, 1 also displays liquid crystal behaviour. We observed a synergetic effect influenced by three structural aspects; the methyl substituents on the ethylene backbone, the banana shaped structure and the square pyramidal metal cores all play an important role in generating the observed ferroelectricity, pointing the way to a useful strategy for the creation of advanced ferroelectric soft materials.
Artificially produced rare-earth free cosmic magnet
Authors: Makino Akihiro , Sharma Parmanand , Sato Kazuhisa , Takeuchi Akira , Zhang Yan , Takenaka Kana 
Published: November 2015

AbstractChemically ordered hard magnetic L10-FeNi phase of higher grade than cosmic meteorites is produced artificially. Present alloy design shortens the formation time from hundreds of millions of years for natural meteorites to less than 300 hours. Electron diffraction detects four-fold 110 superlattice reflections and a high chemical order parameter (S "Equation missing" 0.8) for the developed L10-FeNi phase. The magnetic field of more than 3.5 kOe is required for the switching of magnetization. Experimental results along with computer simulation suggest that the ordered phase is formed due to three factors related to the amorphous state: high diffusion rates of the constituent elements at lower temperatures when crystallizing, a large driving force for precipitation of the L10 phase and the possible presence of L10 clusters. Present results can resolve mineral exhaustion issues in the development of next-generation hard magnetic materials because the alloys are free from rare-earth elements and the technique is well suited for mass production.
Synthesis and Properties Evolution of a Family of Tiara-like Phenylethanethiolated Palladium Nanoclusters
Authors: Chen Jishi , Liu Liren , Weng Linhong , Lin Yuejian , Liao Lingwen , Wang Chengming , Yang Jinlong , Wu Zhikun 
Published: November 2015

AbstractTiara-like thiolated group 10 transition metal (Ni, Pd, Pt) nanoclusters have attracted extensive interest due to their fundamental scientific significance and potential application in a number of fields. However, the properties (e.g. the absorption) evolution with the ring size’s increase was not investigated so far to our best knowledge, due to the challenge of obtaining a series of nanocluster analogues. Herein, we successfully synthesized, isolated and identified a family of [Pd(SC2H4Ph)2]n nanoclusters (totally 17 novel clusters, n = 4–20). Their structures were determined to be tiara-like by single crystal X-ray crystallography together with theoretical calculation; their formation mechanism was proposed to be a substitution—polycondensation—ring-closure process based on experimental observations. All of these clusters are rather robust (anti-reductive and anti-oxidative) owing to their tiara-like structures with large HOMO-LUMO gaps. Finally, the optical and electrochemical evolution with the increase of ring size was investigated and it is found that both optical and electrochemical gaps have a “turning point” at a size corresponding to n = 8 for [Pd(SR)2]n nanoclusters.
MR-PheWAS: hypothesis prioritization among potential causal effects of body mass index on many outcomes, using Mendelian randomization
Authors: Millard Louise A. C. , Davies Neil M. , Timpson Nic J. , Tilling Kate , Flach Peter A. , Smith George Davey 
Published: November 2015

AbstractObservational cohort studies can provide rich datasets with a diverse range of phenotypic variables. However, hypothesis-driven epidemiological analyses by definition only test particular hypotheses chosen by researchers. Furthermore, observational analyses may not provide robust evidence of causality, as they are susceptible to confounding, reverse causation and measurement error. Using body mass index (BMI) as an exemplar, we demonstrate a novel extension to the phenome-wide association study (pheWAS) approach, using automated screening with genotypic instruments to screen for causal associations amongst any number of phenotypic outcomes. We used a sample of 8,121 children from the ALSPAC dataset and tested the linear association of a BMI-associated allele score with 172 phenotypic outcomes (with variable sample sizes). We also performed an instrumental variable analysis to estimate the causal effect of BMI on each phenotype. We found 21 of the 172 outcomes were associated with the allele score at an unadjusted p < 0.05 threshold and use Bonferroni corrections, permutation testing and estimates of the false discovery rate to consider the strength of results given the number of tests performed. The most strongly associated outcomes included leptin, lipid profile and blood pressure. We also found novel evidence of effects of BMI on a global self-worth score.
Ultra-low Thermal Conductivity in Si/Ge Hierarchical Superlattice Nanowire
Authors: Mu Xin , Wang Lili , Yang Xueming , Zhang Pu , To Albert C. , Luo Tengfei 
Published: November 2015

AbstractDue to interfacial phonon scattering and nanoscale size effect, silicon/germanium (Si/Ge) superlattice nanowire (SNW) can have very low thermal conductivity, which is very attractive for thermoelectrics. In this paper, we demonstrate using molecular dynamics simulations that the already low thermal conductivity of Si/Ge SNW can be further reduced by introducing hierarchical structure to form Si/Ge hierarchical superlattice nanowire (H-SNW). The structural hierarchy introduces defects to disrupt the periodicity of regular SNW and scatters coherent phonons, which are the key contributors to thermal transport in regular SNW. Our simulation results show that periodically arranged defects in Si/Ge H-SNW lead to a ~38% reduction of the already low thermal conductivity of regular Si/Ge SNW. By randomizing the arrangement of defects and imposing additional surface complexities to enhance phonon scattering, further reduction in thermal conductivity can be achieved. Compared to pure Si nanowire, the thermal conductivity reduction of Si/Ge H-SNW can be as large as ~95%. It is concluded that the hierarchical structuring is an effective way of reducing thermal conductivity significantly in SNW, which can be a promising path for improving the efficiency of Si/Ge-based SNW thermoelectrics.
Involvement of FKBP6 in hepatitis C virus replication
Authors: Kasai Hirotake , Kawakami Kunihiro , Yokoe Hiromasa , Yoshimura Kentaro , Matsuda Masanori , Yasumoto Jun , Maekawa Shinya , Yamashita Atsuya , Tanaka Tomohisa , Ikeda Masanori , Kato Nobuyuki , Okamoto Toru , Matsuura Yoshiharu , Sakamoto Naoya , Enomoto Nobuyuki , Takeda Sen , Fujii Hideki , Tsubuki Masayoshi , Kusunoki Masami , Moriishi Kohji 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe chaperone system is known to be exploited by viruses for their replication. In the present study, we identified the cochaperone FKBP6 as a host factor required for hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication. FKBP6 is a peptidyl prolyl cis-trans isomerase with three domains of the tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR), but lacks FK-506 binding ability. FKBP6 interacted with HCV nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) and also formed a complex with FKBP6 itself or FKBP8, which is known to be critical for HCV replication. The Val121 of NS5A and TPR domains of FKBP6 were responsible for the interaction between NS5A and FKBP6. FKBP6 was colocalized with NS5A, FKBP8 and double-stranded RNA in HCV-infected cells. HCV replication was completely suppressed in FKBP6-knockout hepatoma cell lines, while the expression of FKBP6 restored HCV replication in FKBP6-knockout cells. A treatment with the FKBP8 inhibitor N-(N′, N′-dimethylcarboxamidomethyl)cycloheximide impaired the formation of a homo- or hetero-complex consisting of FKBP6 and/or FKBP8 and suppressed HCV replication. HCV infection promoted the expression of FKBP6, but not that of FKBP8, in cultured cells and human liver tissue. These results indicate that FKBP6 is an HCV-induced host factor that supports viral replication in cooperation with NS5A.
Value-added Synthesis of Graphene: Recycling Industrial Carbon Waste into Electrodes for High-Performance Electronic Devices
Authors: Seo Hong-Kyu , Kim Tae-Sik , Park Chibeom , Xu Wentao , Baek Kangkyun , Bae Sang-Hoon , Ahn Jong-Hyun , Kim Kimoon , Choi Hee Cheul , Lee Tae-Woo 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWe have developed a simple, scalable, transfer-free, ecologically sustainable, value-added method to convert inexpensive coal tar pitch to patterned graphene films directly on device substrates. The method, which does not require an additional transfer process, enables direct growth of graphene films on device substrates in large area. To demonstrate the practical applications of the graphene films, we used the patterned graphene grown on a dielectric substrate directly as electrodes of bottom-contact pentacene field-effect transistors (max. field effect mobility ~0.36 cm2·V−1·s−1), without using any physical transfer process. This use of a chemical waste product as a solid carbon source instead of commonly used explosive hydrocarbon gas sources for graphene synthesis has the dual benefits of converting the waste to a valuable product and reducing pollution.
Conditional cooling limit for a quantum channel going through an incoherent environment
Authors: Straka Ivo , Miková Martina , Mičuda Michal , Dušek Miloslav , Ježek Miroslav , Filip Radim 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWe propose and experimentally verify a cooling limit for a quantum channel going through an incoherent environment. The environment consists of a large number of independent non-interacting and non-interfering elementary quantum systems – qubits. The qubits travelling through the channel can only be randomly replaced by environmental qubits. We investigate a conditional cooling limit that exploits an additional probing output. The limit specifies when the single-qubit channel is quantum, i.e. it preserves entanglement. It is a fundamental condition for entanglement-based quantum technology.
A Geometric-Structure Theory for Maximally Random Jammed Packings
Authors: Tian Jianxiang , Xu Yaopengxiao , Jiao Yang , Torquato Salvatore 
Published: November 2015

AbstractMaximally random jammed (MRJ) particle packings can be viewed as prototypical glasses in that they are maximally disordered while simultaneously being mechanically rigid. The prediction of the MRJ packing density ϕMRJ, among other packing properties of frictionless particles, still poses many theoretical challenges, even for congruent spheres or disks. Using the geometric-structure approach, we derive for the first time a highly accurate formula for MRJ densities for a very wide class of two-dimensional frictionless packings, namely, binary convex superdisks, with shapes that continuously interpolate between circles and squares. By incorporating specific attributes of MRJ states and a novel organizing principle, our formula yields predictions of ϕMRJ that are in excellent agreement with corresponding computer-simulation estimates in almost the entire α-x plane with semi-axis ratio α and small-particle relative number concentration x. Importantly, in the monodisperse circle limit, the predicted ϕMRJ = 0.834 agrees very well with the very recently numerically discovered MRJ density of 0.827, which distinguishes it from high-density “random-close packing” polycrystalline states and hence provides a stringent test on the theory. Similarly, for non-circular monodisperse superdisks, we predict MRJ states with densities that are appreciably smaller than is conventionally thought to be achievable by standard packing protocols.
Inner retinal oxygen metabolism in the 50/10 oxygen-induced retinopathy model
Authors: Soetikno Brian T. , Yi Ji , Shah Ronil , Liu Wenzhong , Purta Patryk , Zhang Hao F. , Fawzi Amani A. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractRetinopathy of prematurity (ROP) represents a major cause of childhood vision loss worldwide. The 50/10 oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model mimics the findings of ROP, including peripheral vascular attenuation and neovascularization. The oxygen metabolism of the inner retina has not been previously explored in this model. Using visible-light optical coherence tomography (vis-OCT), we measured the oxygen saturation of hemoglobin and blood flow within inner retinal vessels, enabling us to compute the inner retinal oxygen delivery (irDO2) and metabolic rate of oxygen (irMRO2). We compared these measurements between age-matched room-air controls and rats with 50/10 OIR on postnatal day 18. To account for a 61% decrease in the irDO2 in the OIR group, we found an overall statistically significant decrease in retinal vascular density affecting the superficial and deep retinal vascular capillary networks in rats with OIR compared to controls. Furthermore, matching the reduced irDO2, we found a 59% decrease in irMRO2, which we correlated with a statistically significant reduction in retinal thickness in the OIR group, suggesting that the decreased irMRO2 was due to decreased neuronal oxygen utilization. By exploring these biological and metabolic changes in great detail, our study provides an improved understanding of the pathophysiology of OIR model.
A Deep Look Into Erionite Fibres: an Electron Microscopy Investigation of their Self-Assembly
Authors: Matassa Roberto , Familiari Giuseppe , Relucenti Michela , Battaglione Ezio , Downing Clive , Pacella Alessandro , Cametti Georgia , Ballirano Paolo 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe exposure of humans to erionite fibres of appropriate morphology and dimension has been unambiguously linked to the occurrence of Malignant Mesothelioma. For this reason, a detailed morpho-structural investigation through Electron Microscopy techniques has been performed on erionite samples collected at two different localities, Durkee (ED) and Rome (ER), Oregon, USA. The sample from Rome has been also investigated after a prolonged leaching with Gamble’s solution (ER4G) in order to evaluate the possible occurrence of morpho-structural modifications induced by this Simulated-Lung-Fluid (SLF). Here we report how the micrometric erionite fibres evolve in irregular ribbon- or rod-like bundles as a function of different nano-structural features. The reasons for the observed morphological variability have been explained by considering the structural defects located at ED surface fibrils (bi-dimensional ribbons) and the presence of nontronite, an iron-bearing clay mineral embedding the ER fibrils (mono-dimensional rods). ER4G shows a decrease in width of the rod-like fibres due to their partial digestion by SLF leaching, which synchronously dissolves nontronite. The reported results represent a valuable background toward the full comprehension of the morphological mechanisms responsible for potentially damage of lung tissue through the potential relocation of fibers to extrapulmonary sites, increasing the carcinogenic risk to humans.
Rapid Recent Warming of Coral Reefs in the Florida Keys
Authors: Manzello Derek P. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractCoral reef decline in the Florida Keys has been well-publicized, controversial and polarizing owing to debate over the causative agent being climate change versus overfishing. The recurrence of mass bleaching in 2014, the sixth event since 1987, prompted a reanalysis of temperature data. The summer and winter of 2014 were the warmest on record. The oldest known in-situ temperature record of any coral reef is from Hens and Chickens Reef (H&C) in the Florida Keys, which showed significant warming from 1975–2014. The average number of days ≥31.5 and 32oC per year increased 2670% and 2560%, respectively, from the mid-1990 s to present relative to the previous 20 years. In every year after 1992 and 1994, maximum daily average temperatures exceeded 30.5 and 31°C, respectively. From 1975–1994, temperatures were <31 °C in 61% of years and in 44% of the years prior to 1992 temperatures were <30.5 °C. The measured rate of warming predicts the start of annual bleaching between 2020 and 2034, sooner than expected from climate models and satellite-based sea temperatures. These data show that thermal stress is increasing and occurring on a near-annual basis on Florida Keys reefs due to ocean warming from climate change.