bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Part of the Team”: Mapping the outcomes of training patients for new roles in health research and planning
Authors: Shklarov Svetlana , Marshall Deborah A. , Wasylak Tracy , Marlett Nancy J. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundA patient research internship (Patient and Community Engagement Research program—PaCER) was created to support a provincial commitment by Alberta Health Services’ Strategic Clinical Networks™ to find new ways to engage patients in a new interdisciplinary organization to support evidence‐informed improvements in clinical outcomes across the health system.ObjectiveImplement and test a new research method and training curriculum to build patient capacity for engagement in health through peer‐to‐peer research.DesignProgramme evaluation using Outcome Mapping and the grounded theory method.Setting and ParticipantsTwenty‐one patients with various chronic conditions completed one year of training in adapted qualitative research methods, including an internship where they designed and conducted five peer‐to‐peer inquiries into a range of health experiences.Main Outcome MeasuresOutcomes were continually monitored and evaluated using an Outcome Mapping framework, in combination with grounded theory analysis, based on data from focus groups, observation, documentation review and semi‐structured interviews (21 patient researchers, 15 professional collaborators).ResultsKey stakeholders indicated the increased capacity of patients to engage in health‐care research and planning, and the introduction and acceptance of new, collaborative roles for patients in health research. The uptake of new patient roles in health‐care planning began to impact attitudes and practices.ConclusionsPatient researchers become “part of the team” through cultural and relationship changes that occur in two convergent directions: (i) building the capacity of patients to engage confidently in a dialogue with clinicians and decision makers, and (ii) increasing the readiness for patient engagement uptake within targeted organizations.
Effects of socio‐demographic factors on laundry behaviours in Europe and their implications on sustainability
Authors: Alborzi Farnaz , Schmitz Angelika , Stamminger Rainer 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe continuing rise of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is leading to catastrophic damage in many parts of the world over the coming decades unless GHG emissions can be controlled quickly. The objective of reducing GHG emissions can only be accomplished when all the sectors contributing to GHG emission act responsibly. The contribution of the household to GHG emission was 19.6% in the European Union (EU) in 2013. The energy consumption for laundry washing in the EU, estimated at 24.2 TWh/year, is a substantial share of household energy use. As the use phase of the washing machine is the dominant stage where the environmental impact occurs, this paper addresses some of the EU consumers’ washing and drying behaviour in the laundry process. Information on consumers’ behaviour regarding the laundry process was collected by a semi‐representative survey in eleven EU countries in 2015, including more than 5,000 participants. The main outcome of the study is that consumers’ behaviour regarding the laundry process differs substantially between the EU countries. Moreover, socio‐demographic characteristics of households affect the overall sustainability profile of the laundry process.
Which priority indicators to use to evaluate nursing care performance? A discussion paper
Authors: Dubois Carl‐Ardy , D'amour Danielle , Brault Isabelle , Dallaire Clémence , Déry Johanne , Duhoux Arnaud , Lavoie‐Tremblay Mélanie , Mathieu Luc , Karemere Hermès , Zufferey Arnaud 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAimsA discussion of an optimal set of indicators that can be used on a priority basis to assess the performance of nursing care.BackgroundRecent advances in conceptualization of nursing care performance, exemplified by the Nursing Care Performance Framework, have revealed a broad universe of potentially nursing‐sensitive indicators. Organizations now face the challenge of selecting, from this universe, a realistic subset of indicators that can form a balanced and common scorecard.DesignDiscussion paper drawing on a systematic assessment of selected performance indicators.Data sourcesPrevious works, based on systematic reviews of the literature published between 1990 ‐ 2014, have contributed to the development of the Nursing Care Performance Framework. These works confirmed a robust set of indicators that capture the universe of content currently supported by the scientific literature and cover all major areas of nursing care performance. Building on these previous works, this study consisted in gathering the specific evidence supporting 25 selected indicators, focusing on systematic syntheses, meta‐analyses and integrative reviews.Implications for nursingThis study has identified a set of 12 indicators that have sufficient breadth and depth to capture the whole spectrum of nursing care and that could be implemented on a priority basis.ConclusionsThis study sets the stage for new initiatives aiming at filling current gaps in operationalization of nursing care performance. The next milestone is to set up the infrastructure required to collect data on these indicators and make effective use of them.
The association between the clinical diversity of psoriasis and depressive symptoms: the HUNT Study, Norway
Authors: Modalsli E.H. , Åsvold B.O. , Snekvik I. , Romundstad P.R. , Naldi L. , Saunes M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundWhile a number of observational hospital‐based studies have reported an association between psoriasis and depression, less is known about the clinical diversity of psoriasis and depressive symptoms.ObjectiveTo investigate the associations of inverse psoriasis, psoriasis severity and psoriasis duration with depressive symptoms in a general population.MethodsWe linked data from the population‐based third Nord‐Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT3) to the Norwegian Prescription Database (NorPD) and Statistics Norway. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Associations between psoriasis and depressive symptoms (HADS ≥ 8) were estimated using logistic regression.ResultsAmong 37 833 participants in HUNT3, we found a weak association between any psoriasis and the prevalence of depressive symptoms [fully adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.97–1.28]. The association with depressive symptoms was stronger when psoriasis was characterized by inverse anatomical distribution (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.02–1.70), requirement of systemic psoriasis medication (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.00–2.17) or long disease duration (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.09–1.64). Conversely, when there was no inverse psoriasis distribution, no requirement of systemic medication, or shorter disease duration, psoriasis was not meaningfully associated with depressive symptoms.ConclusionOverall, depressive symptoms do not seem to be a major concern among subjects with psoriasis in a general Norwegian population. However, among subjects with inverse anatomical distribution, requirement of systemic psoriasis medication or long disease duration, depressive symptoms may be particularly important to address when evaluating the burden of psoriasis.
Pulmonary co‐infections by Pneumocystis jirovecii and Aspergillus fumigatus in non‐HIV patients: A report of two cases and literature review
Authors: Markantonatou Anthi‐Marina , Ioakimidou Aliki , Arvaniti Kostoula , Manou Eleni , Papadopoulos Vassilios , Kiriklidou Parthena , Samaras Konstantinos , Kioumi Anna , Vyzantiadis Timoleon‐Achilleas 
Published: June 2017

SummaryPneumocystis jirovecii is the causative agent of Pneumocystis pneumonia (PcP), a common and often life‐threatening opportunistic infection in HIV‐infected patients. However, non‐HIV, immunocompromised patients are at risk of PcP as well, whereas the mortality appears to be higher among these patients. Pneumocystis co‐infections with other microorganisms are less frequent and only sparse reports of combined PcP and invasive pulmonary fungal infections exist in the literature, especially in the non‐HIV patients. Two cases of pulmonary co‐infections by P. jirovecii and Aspergillus fumigatus are presented. Both patients were non‐HIV infected, the first one was suffering from crescentic IgA nephropathy under immunosuppressive treatment and the second from resistant non‐Hodgkin lymphoma under chemotherapy. Both patients were treated with intravenous trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) combined with voriconazole. The first patient showed gradual clinical improvement while the outcome for the second patient was unfavourable. In addition, a literature review of the previous published cases of co‐infection by P. jirovecii and other fungi in non‐HIV patients was performed. Our target was to provide comprehensive information on this kind of infections, highlighting the importance of clinical suspicion.
Breastfeeding and the risk of childhood asthma: A two‐stage instrumental variable analysis to address endogeneity
Authors: Sharma Nivita D. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundSeveral explanations for the inconsistent results on the effects of breastfeeding on childhood asthma have been suggested. The purpose of this study was to investigate one unexplored explanation, which is the presence of a potential endogenous relationship between breastfeeding and childhood asthma. Endogeneity exists when an explanatory variable is correlated with the error term for reasons such as selection bias, reverse causality, and unmeasured confounders. Unadjusted endogeneity will bias the effect of breastfeeding on childhood asthma.MethodsTo investigate potential endogeneity, a cross‐sectional study of breastfeeding practices and incidence of childhood asthma in 87 pediatric patients in Georgia, the USA, was conducted using generalized linear modeling and a two‐stage instrumental variable analysis. First, the relationship between breastfeeding and childhood asthma was analyzed without considering endogeneity. Second, tests for presence of endogeneity were performed and having detected endogeneity between breastfeeding and childhood asthma, a two‐stage instrumental variable analysis was performed. The first stage of this analysis estimated the duration of breastfeeding and the second‐stage estimated the risk of childhood asthma.ResultsWhen endogeneity was not taken into account, duration of breastfeeding was found to significantly increase the risk of childhood asthma (relative risk ratio [RR]=2.020, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.143‐3.570]). After adjusting for endogeneity, duration of breastfeeding significantly reduced the risk of childhood asthma (RR=0.003, 95% CI: [0.000‐0.240]).ConclusionThe findings suggest that researchers should consider evaluating how the presence of endogeneity could affect the relationship between duration of breastfeeding and the risk of childhood asthma.
Selection of soybean elite cultivars based on phenotypic and genomic characters related to lodging tolerance
Authors: Liu Zhangxiong , Li Huihui , Fan Xuhong , Huang Wen , Yang Jiyu , Zheng Yuhong , Wen Zixiang , Li Yinghui , Wang Dechun , Wang Shuming , Qiu Lijuan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSoybean lodging can result in serious yield reduction. Detecting the quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with lodging tolerance for their further application in marker‐assisted selection (MAS) has the potential to enhance soybean breeding efficiency. In this study, a genome‐wide association analysis (GWAS) was performed to identify soybean accessions that could potentially be used to produce lodging‐tolerant varieties, based on the comprehensive evaluation of lodging scores (LS) obtained for the parental cultivar “Tokachi nagaha” and its 137 derived cultivars. Results showed that genotype, environment and genotype × environment interaction significantly influenced LS. Of the 31 significant SNPs identified, 22 were consistently detected in two or more environments and 27 SNPs were located in or close to agronomically important QTL mapped by linkage analysis. Best linear unbiased predictors (BLUPs) of LS tend to decrease with the elite alleles contained by accessions increasing. Some excellent accessions, with lower BLUPs and Di (stability coefficients) values and more elite alleles, were selected. This study contributed to understand the genetic mechanism of lodging, providing genetic and phenotypic information for MAS.
A Bayesian Spatiotemporal Model to Estimate Long-Term Exposure to Outdoor Air Pollution at Coarser Administrative Geographies in England and Wales
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Sabyasachi , Sahu Sujit K. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryEstimation of long-term exposure to air pollution levels over a large spatial domain, such as the mainland UK, entails a challenging modelling task since exposure data are often only observed by a network of sparse monitoring sites with variable amounts of missing data. The paper develops and compares several flexible non-stationary hierarchical Bayesian models for the four most harmful air pollutants, nitrogen dioxide and ozone, and PM10 and PM2.5 particulate matter, in England and Wales during the 5-year period 2007–2011. The models make use of observed data from the UK's automatic urban and rural network as well as output of an atmospheric air quality dispersion model developed recently especially for the UK. Land use information, incorporated as a predictor in the model, further enhances the accuracy of the model. Using daily data for all four pollutants over the 5-year period we obtain empirically verified maps which are the most accurate among the competition. Monte Carlo integration methods for spatial aggregation are developed and these enable us to obtain predictions, and their uncertainties, at the level of a given administrative geography. These estimates for local authority areas can readily be used for many purposes such as modelling of aggregated health outcome data and are made publicly available alongside this paper.
A Small Viral PPxY Peptide Motif To Control Antiviral Autophagy
Authors: Montespan Charlotte , Wiethoff Christopher M. , Wodrich Harald 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT
Autophagy is an essential metabolic program that is also used for clearing intracellular pathogens. This mechanism, also termed selective autophagy, is well characterized for invasive bacteria but remains poorly documented for viral infections. Here we highlight our recent work showing that endosomolytic adenoviruses trigger autophagy when entering cells. Our study revealed how adenoviruses exploit a capsid-associated small PPxY peptide motif to manipulate the autophagic machinery to prevent autophagic degradation and to promote endosomal escape and nuclear trafficking.
Differential Innate Immune Signaling in Macrophages by Wild-Type Vaccinia Mature Virus and a Mutant Virus with a Deletion of the A26 Protein
Authors: Kasani Siti Khadijah , Cheng Huei-Yin , Yeh Kun-Hai , Chang Shu-Jung , Hsu Paul Wei-Che , Tung Shu-Yun , Liang Chung-Tiang , Chang Wen 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

The Western Reserve (WR) strain of mature vaccinia virus contains an A26 envelope protein that mediates virus binding to cell surface laminin and subsequent endocytic entry into HeLa cells. Removal of the A26 protein from the WR strain mature virus generates a mutant, WRΔA26, that enters HeLa cells through plasma membrane fusion. Here, we infected murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) with wild-type strain WR and the WRΔA26 mutant and analyzed viral gene expression and cellular innate immune signaling. In contrast to previous studies, in which both HeLa cells infected with WR and HeLa cells infected with WRΔA26 expressed abundant viral late proteins, we found that WR expressed much less viral late protein than WRΔA26 in BMDM. Microarray analysis of the cellular transcripts in BMDM induced by virus infection revealed that WR preferentially activated type 1 interferon receptor (IFNAR)-dependent signaling but WRΔA26 did not. We consistently detected a higher level of soluble beta interferon secretion and phosphorylation of the STAT1 protein in BMDM infected with WR than in BMDM infected with WRΔA26. When IFNAR-knockout BMDM were infected with WR, late viral protein expression increased, confirming that IFNAR-dependent signaling was differentially induced by WR and, in turn, restricted viral late gene expression. Finally, wild-type C57BL/6 mice were more susceptible to mortality from WRΔA26 infection than to that from WR infection, whereas IFNAR-knockout mice were equally susceptible to WR and WRΔA26 infection, demonstrating that the ability of WRΔA26 to evade IFNAR signaling has an important influence on viral pathogenesis
in vivo
.

IMPORTANCE
The vaccinia virus A26 protein was previously shown to mediate virus attachment and to regulate viral endocytosis. Here, we show that infection with strain WR induces a robust innate immune response that activates type 1 interferon receptor (IFNAR)-dependent cellular genes in BMDM, whereas infection with the WRΔA26 mutant does not. We further demonstrated that the differential activation of IFNAR-dependent cellular signaling between WR and WRΔA26 not only is important for differential host restriction in BMDM but also is important for viral virulence
in vivo
. Our study reveals a new property of WRΔA26, which is in regulating host antiviral innate immunity
in vitro
and
in vivo
.
Hospital-Associated Infections
Authors: Babady N. Esther 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTHospital-associated infection (HAI) in immunocompromised patients can result in high rates of morbidity and mortality. Infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) are especially worrisome because of the limited choice of remaining antibiotics available when a patient becomes colonized or infected with an MDRO. It is therefore important that immunocompromised patients be cared for in an environment that limits the risk for acquiring infections. However, with healthcare being increasingly delivered in settings other than the traditional inpatient hospital wards, a bigger effort will need to be set forth to prevent or rapidly diagnose HAI. The last few years have seen a significant increase in the number of singleplex and multiplex molecular assays for the detection of many of the organisms responsible for HAI, but more is needed as infections caused by organisms likeLegionella pneumophilaandAspergillusspecies are still diagnosed with methods that have relatively low yield and are slow to provide actionable results. Finally, the use of novel techniques for outbreak investigations will provide new information on transmission of infectious agents in healthcare settings and allow stronger, evidence-based recommendations to be developed for prevention of HAIs in the immunocompromised host.
Gastrointestinal Infections
Authors: Alby Kevin , Nachamkin Irving 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTGastrointestinal infections in the immunocompromised host are caused by the common bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic agents that also cause infections in the immunocompetent host. Of special consideration is that immunocompromised patients may be at increased risk for infection or disease severity and by pathogens not seen in the competent host. This chapter reviews the various agents, risk factors, and diagnostic approaches to detect gastrointestinal infections in this patient population.
Volume guaranteed? Accuracy of a volume-targeted ventilation mode in infants
Authors: Farrell Olivia , Perkins Elizabeth J , Black Don , Miedema Martijn , Paul Joel Don , Pereira-Fantini Prue M , Tingay David Gerald 
Published: June 2017

ObjectivesVolume-targeted ventilation (VTV) is widely used and may reduce lung injury, but this assumes the clinically set tidal volume (VTset) is accurately delivered. This prospective observational study aimed to determine the relationship between VTset, expiratory VT (VTe) and endotracheal tube leak in a modern neonatal ­volume-targeted ventilator (VTV) and the resultant partial arterial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) relationship with and without VTV.DesignContinuous inflations were recorded for 24 hours in 100 infants, mean (SD) 34 (4) weeks gestation and 2483 (985) g birth weight, receiving synchronised mechanical ventilation (SLE5000, SLE, UK) with or without VTV and either the manufacturer’s V4 (n=50) or newer V5 (n=50) VTV algorithm. The VTset, VTe and leak were determined for each inflation (maximum 90 000/infant). If PaCO2 was sampled (maximum of 2 per infant), this was compared with the average VTe data from the preceding 15 min.ResultsA total of 7 497 137 inflations were analysed. With VTV enabled (77 infants), the VTset−VTe bias (95% CI) was 0.03 (−0.12 to 0.19) mL/kg, with a median of 80% of VTe being ±1.0 mL/kg of VTset. Endotracheal tube leak up to 30% influenced VTset−VTe bias with the V4 (r2=−0.64, p<0.0001; linear regression) but not V5 algorithm (r2=0.04, p=0.21). There was an inverse linear relationship between VTe and PaCO2 without VTV (r2=0.26, p=0.004), but not with VTV (r2=0.04, p=0.10), and less PaCO2 within 40–60 mm Hg, 53% versus 72%, relative risk (95% CI) 1.7 (1.0 to 2.9).ConclusionVTV was accurate and reliable even with moderate leak and PaCO2 more stable. VTV algorithm differences may exist in other devices.
Motor learning in a complex balance task and associated neuroplasticity: a comparison between endurance athletes and nonathletes
Authors: Seidel Oliver , Carius Daniel , Kenville Rouven , Ragert Patrick 
Published: June 2017

Studies suggested that motor expertise is associated with functional and structural brain alterations, which positively affect sensorimotor performance and learning capabilities. The purpose of the present study was to unravel differences in motor skill learning and associated functional neuroplasticity between endurance athletes (EA) and nonathletes (NA). For this purpose, participants had to perform a multimodal balance task (MBT) training on 2 sessions, which were separated by 1 wk. Before and after MBT training, a static balance task (SBT) had to be performed. MBT-induced functional neuroplasticity and neuromuscular alterations were assessed by means of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and electromyography (EMG) during SBT performance. We hypothesized that EA would showed superior initial SBT performance and stronger MBT-induced improvements in SBT learning rates compared with NA. On a cortical level, we hypothesized that MBT training would lead to differential learning-dependent functional changes in motor-related brain regions [such as primary motor cortex (M1)] during SBT performance. In fact, EA showed superior initial SBT performance, whereas learning rates did not differ between groups. On a cortical level, fNIRS recordings (time × group interaction) revealed a stronger MBT-induced decrease in left M1 and inferior parietal lobe (IPL) for deoxygenated hemoglobin in EA. Even more interesting, learning rates were correlated with fNIRS changes in right M1/IPL. On the basis of these findings, we provide novel evidence for superior MBT training-induced functional neuroplasticity in highly trained athletes. Future studies should investigate these effects in different sports disciplines to strengthen previous work on experience-dependent neuroplasticity. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Motor expertise is associated with functional/structural brain plasticity. How such neuroplastic reorganization translates into altered motor learning processes remains elusive. We investigated endurance athletes (EA) and nonathletes (NA) in a multimodal balance task (MBT). EA showed superior static balance performance (SBT), whereas MBT-induced SBT improvements did not differ between groups. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy recordings revealed a differential MBT training-induced decrease of deoxygenated hemoglobin in left primary motor cortex and inferior parietal lobe between groups.