bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Macular Automatic Fundus Perimetry Threshold versus Standard Perimetry Threshold
Authors: Midena E. , Radin P.P. , Convento E. , Cavarzeran F. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To evaluate if retinal sensitivity threshold obtained with an automatic fundus perimeter may be compared with a standard perimeter retinal threshold. Methods Automatic full-threshold fundus perimetry (microperimetry) of the macular area (10° grid, 37 stimulated points) was quantified with a new automatic fundus perimeter (MP1 microperimeter) in nine normal subjects (18 eyes). Retinal threshold was also quantified using an identical grid projected with a standard Octopus 101 perimeter. Results Mean threshold registered by MP1 microperimeter was 19.7±0.8 dB (range 16–20 dB; 4.38±0.96 asb, range 4–10 asb) versus 33.1±1.7 dB (range 27–38 dB; 0.53±0.22 asb, range 0.16–2 asb) obtained with Octopus perimeter. Mean SD of intraindividual variation was 0.74 dB in MP1 and 1.51 dB in Octopus. No statistically significant differences were documented between right and left eye with both instruments (p=0.64). No reliable mathematical relationship between retinal thresholds could be obtained with the two perimeters. Conclusions Fundus perimetry is a precise, functional fundus-related technique which allows threshold determination at selected retinal points even if fixation is unstable and visual acuity is low. This is beyond the possibility of any static standard perimetry. Normal threshold values obtained with MP1 automatic microperimeter cannot be currently compared with those obtained with standard Octopus perimeter. (Eur J Ophthalmol 2007; 17: 63–8)
The Nature and Frequency of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Iranmanesh R. , Eandi C.M. , Peiretti E. , Klais C.M. , Garuti S. , Goldberg D.E. , Slakter J.S. , Yannuzzi L.A. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose This study was designed to evaluate the frequency and nature of neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) utilizing the combination of digital imaging techniques, fluorescein angiography (FA), indocyanine green (ICG) angiography, and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods A complete clinical examination was performed on 100 eyes of 93 consecutive newly diagnosed patients with neovascular ARMD. Digital fluorescein angiography, ICG angiography, and OCT were also used in evaluating those patients. Comparison of the imaging techniques to determine their value in studying the nature of the lesions. Results On the basis of existing fluorescein standards, 15 eyes were diagnosed with classic choroidal neovascularization (CNV), 15 with minimally classic CNV, and 70 with occult CNV. ICG angiography was superior for detecting the active vascular component in polypoidal CNV (16 eyes) and retinal angiomatous proliferation (14 eyes). OCT was more sensitive than FA for determining the presence of cystoid macular edema evident in the vast majority of eyes with retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP). Conclusions These results suggest that FA, ICG angiography, and OCT, when used in combination, will assist clinicians in best determining the precise nature of the neovascular process in ARMD. (Eur J Ophthalmol 2007; 17: 75–83)
Clinical Biomicroscopy versus Fluorescein Angiography: Effectiveness and Sensitivity in Detecting Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Khalaf S.S. , Al-bdour M.D. , Al-till M.I. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To compare diagnostic effectiveness and sensitivity of the two methods of screening for diabetic retinopathy. Methods Prospective analytic study comparing diabetic retinopathy grading obtained from clinical slit lamp biomicroscopy and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA). A total of 189 consecutive patients were examined in the ophthalmology department at Jordan University Hospital. Results A total of 376 eyes were reviewed by consultant ophthalmologist for diabetic retinopathy grading on FFA. The sensitivity of ophthalmoscopy in diagnosing diabetic retinopathy grading was 91.2%, with a specificity of 97.9%. The degree of agreement kappa was 0.87. Conclusions Slit-lamp biomicroscopy is highly sensitive for screening diabetic retinopathy grading in diabetic patients and ophthalmologists do not need to confirm a suspected clinical diagnosis of proliferative diabetic retinopathy using FFA as ophthalmoscopy proved to be comparable to angiography. (Eur J Ophthalmol 2007; 17: 84–8)
Determinants of the Progress of Myopia among Omani School Children: A Historical Cohort Study
Authors: Khandekar R. , Kurup P. , Mohammed A.J. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose This study was conducted in 2002–2003 at selected schools of eight health regions of Oman. The authors present risk factors and predictors of progression of myopia between the 7th and 10th grades. Methods This was a historical cohort study. A total of 1304 students in 10th grade, both with and without progression of myopia, were examined by the refractionists. Vision, refraction, and physical measurements of each student were recorded. The health records of all students were reviewed to note the same parameters measured when they were in 7th grade. The odds of progression in height, progression in weight, protein energy malnutrition status, sex, age, history of refractive error in parents and sibling, evidence of trachoma, and allergic conjunctivitis were calculated to associate them to the progression of myopia. Results Mean progression of myopia was 0.37 D per year (SD = 0.27D). The mean progression of myopia among students with history of myopia in 7th grade was 0.21 D more than that of students not having myopia in 7th grade (95% CI 0.12–0.29). Multivariate regression analysis suggested that weight of student in the 7th grade (t=-2.2, p=0.031), positive history of myopia in one of the siblings (t=2.44, p=0.015), and myopia in the 7th grade (t=4.56, p<0.001) were associated with the progression of myopia. Conclusions Family history of myopia and myopia at younger age were predictors for progressive myopia in teenaged Omani children. However, the role of body mass index at a younger age to predict progressive myopia was not conclusive. (Eur J Ophthalmol 2007; 17: 110–6)
A Successful Alternative: Repair of a Penetrating Limbal Wound by Lamellar Keratoplasty
Authors: Van der meulen I.J.E. , Maillette de buy wenniger-prick L.J.J.M. , Lapid-gortzak R. , Nieuwendaal C.P. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To report repair of a penetrating limbal wound by lamellar keratoplasty 1 year post-traumatically. Methods Interventional case report. Results A 5-year-old boy had a self-inflicted injury leading to a limbal penetrating wound. The wound closed spontaneously by prolapsed subconjunctival uveal tissue and no intervention was planned. One year later surgical closure of the defect was necessary, as the amount of prolapsed tissue had increased. After excising the prolapsed tissue the wound was closed with a lamellar corneal graft, resulting in a quiet and stable anterior segment and a best-corrected visual acuity of 20/16. Conclusions Lamellar keratoplasty can be a useful technique to repair a limbal penetrating wound. Corneal allografts have adequate tensile strength, low immunogenicity, and are easy to obtain. (Eur J Ophthalmol 2007; 17: 117–20)
Nd:YAG Laser Iridotomy in the Management of Secondary Glaucoma Associated with Behçet's Disease
Authors: Elgin U. , Berker N. , Batman A. , Soykan E. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To report the outcome of Nd:YAG laser iridotomy in the management of secondary glaucoma associated with Behçet's disease (BD). Methods In this prospective study, Nd:YAG laser iridotomy was performed on eyes with secondary angle-closure and pupillary block glaucoma associated with BD. The pretreatment and post-treatment intraocular pressures (IOP) and the number of antiglaucoma medications were compared by Mann-Whitney U test. Results The study consisted of 16 eyes of 11 patients (2 female, 9 male, mean age 39.2±8.9 years). Post-treatment follow-up ranged from 6 to 36 months (mean 13.8±8.9). The mean IOP was 21.6±2.5 mmHg on 2.5±0.6 medications before iridotomy. IOP reduced to 17.7±2.5 mmHg on 1±0.6 medications at the first month and 17.1±3.2 mmHg on 1.7±0.9 medications at the sixth month of treatment. The differences between IOP and number of antiglaucoma medications at baseline and at the sixth month of the treatment was statistically significant (p<0.00001). For four eyes trabeculectomy with mitomycin C and for one eye Ahmed valve implantation were performed in the follow-up period. Conclusions Nd:YAG laser iridotomy can provide reduction of IOP and the number of antiglaucoma medications in selected cases with secondary glaucoma associated with Behçet's disease. (Eur J Ophthalmol 2007; 17: 191–5)
Retinal Imaging by Spectral Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Kałużny J.J. , Szkulmowska A. , Bajraszewski T. , Szkulmowski M. , Kałużny B.J. , Gorczyńska I. , Targowski P. , Wojtkowski M. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To demonstrate applicability of high speed spectral optical coherence tomography (SOCT) method for imaging retinal pathologies in clinical conditions. Methods SOCT was performed in 67 eyes with different macular diseases. Examinations were carried out with the prototype SOCT instrument constructed in the Institute of Physics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland. A broadband superluminescent diode was used as a light source. Results The disturbances of retinal layer structure concerning mainly outer segments of photoreceptors were observed in case of central serous chorioretinopathy and choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration. Large drusen were often related to significant changes of outer nuclear layer thickness and reflectivity. Conclusions SOCT detects small disturbances of the retinal structure and helps to precisely determine layers involved in different pathologies. (Eur J Ophthalmol 2007; 17: 238–45)
A New Method of Treating Macular Holes
Authors: Alpatov S. , Shchuko A. , Malyshev V. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To evaluate the effect of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) combined with joining of the hole edges on the closure of full-thickness macular holes. Methods In a prospective consecutive clinical trial, standard PPV with internal limiting membrane (ILM) maculorhexis was performed in 25 eyes from 25 patients with stage 3 or 4 idiopathic macular holes (Group A). The retina was massaged gently around the hole from the periphery to the center in order to approximate the edges as closely as possible. The edges of the macular hole were then joined with forceps and gently pressed together. At the end of surgery, air was used for intravitreal tamponade. Patients were required to remain in a face-down position for 1 day postoperatively. For the comparison, a retrospective analysis of outcomes of surgical treatment of 27 eyes of 27 patients with stage 3 to 4 idiopathic macular hole (Group B), whose surgery included standard three-port PPV, followed with ILM peeling, was performed. The closed macular holes were categorized into two patterns based on optical coherence tomography: flat/closed and flat/open. Results The overall closure rate was 92±5.4% over a minimum follow-up period of 6 months in Group A, and 86±6.2% in Group B. Best-corrected visual acuity improved from 0.1±0.014 (ranged from 0.02 to 0.5) before surgery to 0.29±0.03 (ranged from 0.2 to 0.7) after surgery in Group A, and from 0.1±0.05 (ranged from 0.05 to 0.4) before surgery to 0.22±0.04 (ranged from 0.05 to 0.4) after surgery in Group B. No significant difference was found in absolute light sensitivity of macula, intraocular pressure, or lens opacification. A common postoperative complication in Group A was retinal pigment epitheliopathy, which developed in 18 cases (72%). Conclusions Mechanical joining and compression of the retinal edges during surgery for stage 3 or 4 idiopathic macular holes appears to yield a promising anatomic and functional result. (Eur J Ophthalmol 2007; 17: 246–51)
Removal of Thelazia Callipaeda from the Subconjunctival Space
Authors: Yagi T. , Sasoh M. , Kawano T. , Ito K. , Uji Y. , Ando K. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To report the finding of Thelazia callipaeda within the human subconjunctival space. Methods An 81-year-old man with a history of traumatic conjunctival laceration that occurred 2 years previously had white worms in the subconjunctival space of his right eye. Results Five worms were removed from the subconjunctival space via a local peritomy, since there was no conjunctival laceration noted during the examination. These worms were identified as T callipaeda. Conclusions T callipaeda cannot dig holes in the ocular wall due to the lack of hooks or sharp spines within the mouth. Therefore, the authors speculate that these worms entered the subconjunctival space through a conjunctival laceration that had occurred 2 years previously. (Eur J Ophthalmol 2007; 17: 266–8)
Optical Coherence Tomography Study of Vitreoretinal Interface in Full Thickness Macular Hole Associated with Optic Disk Pit Maculopathy
Authors: Theodossiadis P.G. , Grigoropoulos V.G. , Emfietzoglou J. , Nikolaidis P. , Theodossiadis G.P. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To evaluate by optical coherence tomography (OCT) the vitreous involvement in full thickness macular hole associated with optic disk pit maculopathy. Methods Two patients with optic disk pit maculopathy and full thickness macular hole underwent OCT for evaluation of vitreous involvement in the pathogenesis of the disease. Fluorescein angiography and fundus photographs were also performed. Results OCT documented the presence of vitreous traction at the edge of the full thickness macular hole in the first case and on the elevated macula in the second case. Partial posterior vitreous detachment was also noticed. Conclusions Previously unreported OCT findings such as vitreous traction at the edge of the macular hole and on the elevated macula were found. OCT provided evidence for vitreous participation in full thickness macular hole associated with optic disk pit maculopathy. OCT was also able to show that the full thickness macular hole and optic disk pit maculopathy were probably caused by similar vitreous tractional forces. (Eur J Ophthalmol 2007; 17: 272–6)
Eyeball Muscles’ Diameters versus Volume Estimated by Numerical Image Segmentation
Authors: Majos A. , Grzelak P. , Młynarczyk W. , Stefańczyk L. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose. To determine the clinical usefulness of the numerical segmentation image technique (NSI) in estimating the volume of extraocular muscles and to compare this value to widely used measurements of single diameters of the muscles. Methods. Forty-five patients underwent magnetic resonance examinations in 1.5-T scanner. SE T1 sequences in transversal and coronal planes were provided and data were sent to a personal computer, where the degree of exophthalmos, horizontal diameter of medial rectus muscles, and vertical diameter of inferior rectus muscles were determined on the basis of two-dimensional images. The quantity estimation of all eye muscles volumes using NSI application in three-dimensional space was carried out with use of level set segmentation algorithm. Results. A strong correlation between the total eye muscle volume and degree of exophthalmos was determined. The usefulness of measuring single diameters for estimating the muscles’ enlargement was confirmed. The difference between a single muscle's volume and its width also was confirmed. Estimates of muscle volume correlate with the degree of exophthalmos more accurately than measurements of single diameters. Conclusions. The NSI technique is a clinically useful application, providing objective data calculated individually for each orbit. It allows an objective estimation of the pathologic processes leading to exophthalmos and may be especially helpful in monitoring discrete changes in the muscles volume during treatment.
Is Intracameral Lidocaine Really Effective in Cataract Surgery?
Authors: Välimäki J.O. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose. To evaluate the usefulness of intracameral lidocaine in cataract surgery under topical anesthesia and especially if the patient wanted intravenous sedation preoperatively. Methods. In this prospective study 96 patients were randomly assigned to receive 0.5 cc of balanced salt solution (Group 1) or 1% unpreserved lidocaine (Group 2). Patients who wanted sedation received intravenous midazolam hydrochloride. All surgery was done by one surgeon using a clear corneal technique. Results. Mean pain scores were 0.73 (of a maximum 3) in Group 1 and 0.54 in Group 2; the difference between groups was not statistically significant. Forty patients in Group 1 (83%) and 44 patients in Group 2 (92%) reported no discomfort or only mild discomfort. The two study groups were comparable in need for intravenous midazolam. Logistic regression analysis showed a significant relationship between pain scores and intravenous sedation (p=0.02) but not with intracameral lidocaine or other tested variables. However, odds ratio for pain increased to 5.1 (95% CI; 1.29–20.41) in participants without intravenous sedation compared to those with sedation. Conclusions. The results of the present study suggest that intravenous sedation preoperatively seems to be an important determinant to relieve the sensation of discomfort/pain during small incision cataract surgery, but intracameral lidocaine was shown not to have a clinically useful role.
Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography for Evaluation of Changes in Anterior Chamber Angle and Depth after Intraocular Lens Implantation in Eyes with Glaucoma
Authors: Dawczynski J. , Koenigsdoerffer E. , Augsten R. , Strobel J. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose. To examine anterior chamber depth (ACD) and anterior chamber angle (ACA) in patients with glaucoma after cataract extraction with an anterior optical coherence tomography (OCT) system. Methods. A new commercially available 1310 nm infrared light anterior segment OCT system was used for anterior chamber evaluation. Sixty patients (n=20 with primary open angle glaucoma [POAG], n=20 with angle closure glaucoma [ACG], and n=20 with no known glaucoma as control group) with a mean age of 68.8±13.9 years undergoing cataract surgery were enrolled. Results. Before cataract surgery, ACD and ACA of the ACG group were significantly lower compared to the POAG and control groups (ACD p<0.005; ACA p<0.005). After cataract extraction, ACD and ACA increased significantly in the ACG group (3.1±0.4 mm vs 1.8±0.2 mm, p<0.005 and 32.3°±7.7° vs 16.0°±4.7°, p<0.005). In the POAG and control groups, ACD and ACA also increased postoperatively, but not as much as in the ACG group. After cataract extraction, IOP decreased significantly in the glaucoma groups (ACG: 15.6±6.1 vs 18.6±5.7 mm Hg, p=0.008; POAG: 16.2±3.4 vs 20.7±8.0 mmHg, p=0.02) and was almost the same in all three groups after surgery (control group after surgery: 15.2±2.8 mmHg). Conclusions. Both ACD and ACA increased significantly after cataract extraction and IOL implantation. IOP reduction after surgery was higher in the glaucoma groups compared to the control group.
Extrusion and Infection Incidence in Scleral Buckling Surgery with the use of Silicone Sponge: To Soak or not to Soak? An 11-Year Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Lorenzano D. , Calabrese A. , Fiormonte F. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose. To assess the incidence of extrusion and infections of encircling silicone sponges in scleral buckling surgery for retinal detachment with and without the use of an intraoperative antibiotic soaking procedure. Methods. The authors performed a retrospective analysis reviewing the charts of 1127 patients who underwent episcleral buckling surgery operated by the same surgeon in three different institutions during a period of 11 years. The authors reviewed the charts of patients treated with a single episcleral silicone sponge (Labtician®) indentation in three different models. The infection prophylaxis on the operating field was the same in all cases and only since February 1997 was the silicone sponge preoperatively treated with an antibiotic soaking procedure. Results. No immediate postoperative infections were reported in the operated eyes. Three eyes had an implant extrusion and in all these cases silicone sponge removal was performed. All three extrusion cases developed when sponge soaking was not adopted. Conclusions. The data indicate that the soaking procedure does not decrease extrusion and infection incidence in scleral buckling surgery when both accurate surgical technique and disinfection prophylaxis are performed.
Unilateral Corneal Endothelial Dystrophy and Anterior Keratoconus
Authors: Martone G. , Tommasi C. , Traversi C. , Balestrazzi A. , Berni E. , Nuti E. , Tosi G.M. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose. To describe a case of keratoconus and Fuchs’ corneal endothelial dystrophy in the left eye with no corneal disease in the right eye. Methods. A 64-year-old woman presented with visual impairment in her left eye; computer-assisted topographic analysis and specular microscopy were performed in both eyes and left cornea was histopathologically examined. Results. Keratoconus was diagnosed by slit-lamp examination, keratometry, and computer-assisted topographic analysis. Corneal endothelial dystrophy was diagnosed on the basis of clinical examination and specular microscopy. Histopathologic examination revealed a stromal degeneration typical of keratoconus and a non-guttae form of endothelial dystrophy. Conclusions. This is a rare case of unilateral corneal endothelial dystrophy and keratoconus.
Incidence of Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy in Adult Chinese: The Beijing Eye Study
Authors: Xu L. , Wang Y. , Jonas J.B. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose. To determine the incidence of optic nerve damage due to nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) in the adult Chinese population. Methods. The Beijing Eye Study, a population-based, longitudinal study which included 4439 subjects (age 40+ years) in 2006, was repeated in 2006. In the follow-up examination, 3169 (71.4%) subjects participated. Optic disc photographs were assessed. Diagnostic criteria for incident NAION were a small optic disc, segmental pallor, and loss of retinal nerve fiber layer and visual field in the follow-up examination, with a normal optic nerve head appearance at baseline. Results. New NAION was found in one eye, with an incidence rate of 0.03±0.03% per 5 years (mean ± standard error) (95% confidence interval: −0.03, 0.09), or about 1:16,000 subjects per year. Conclusions. Within a 5-year period, new NAION may develop in 1 out of 3200 adult Chinese, or 1:16,000 adult Chinese per year.