bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Traumatic Conus Medullaris Syndrome
Authors: Bhandutia Amit K. , Winek Nathan C. , Tomycz Nestor D. , Altman Daniel T. 
Published: May 2016

Case:
A twenty-six-year-old man was diagnosed with conus medullaris syndrome (CMS) after sustaining a traumatic L1 burst fracture. Surgical decompression and stabilization was performed within ninety-six hours of admission; postoperatively, normal bladder function rapidly returned.

Conclusion:
CMS is difficult to diagnose because of the clinically variable presentation. There is no consensus regarding the natural history of conus medullaris injury or regarding the necessity, approach, or timing for decompression. Higher-level evidence is needed to guide treatment for acute traumatic CMS.
Use of three-dimensional accelerometers to evaluate behavioral changes in cattle experimentally infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus
Authors: Bayne Jenna E. , Walz Paul H. , Passler Thomas , White Brad J. , Theurer Miles E. , van Santen Edzard 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the use of 3-D accelerometers to evaluate behavioral changes in cattle experimentally infected with a low-virulent strain of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV).
ANIMALS 20 beef steers (mean weight, 238 kg).
PROCEDURES Calves were allocated to a BVDV (n = 10) or control (10) group. On day 0, calves in the BVDV group were inoculated with a low-virulent strain of BVDV (4 × 106 TCID50, intranasally), and calves in the control group were sham inoculated with BVDV-free medium (4 mL; intranasally). An accelerometer was affixed to the right hind limb of each calf on day −7 to record activity (lying, walking, and standing) continuously until 35 days after inoculation. Baseline was defined as days −7 to −1. Blood samples were collected at predetermined times for CBC, serum biochemical analysis, virus isolation, and determination of anti-BVDV antibody titers.
RESULTS All calves in the BVDV group developed viremia and anti-BVDV antibodies but developed only subclinical or mild disease. Calves in the control group did not develop viremia or anti-BVDV antibodies. Mean time allocated to each activity did not differ significantly between the BVDV and control groups on any day except day 8, when calves in the BVDV group spent less time standing than the calves in the control group. Following inoculation, calves in both groups tended to spend more time lying and less time walking and standing than they did during baseline.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that behavioral data obtained by accelerometers could not distinguish calves subclinically infected with BVDV from healthy control calves. However, subtle changes in the behavior of the BVDV-infected calves were detected and warrant further investigation.
Assessment of the attenuation of an intra-abdominal vein by use of a silicone–polyacrylic acid gradual venous occlusion device in dogs and cats
Authors: Wallace Mandy L. , Ellison Gary W. , Giglio Robson F. , Batich Christopher D. , Berry Clifford R. , Case J. Brad , Kim Stanley E. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the closure rate and completeness of closure for a silicone–polyacrylic acid gradual venous occlusion device placed around an intra-abdominal vein to simulate gradual occlusion of an extrahepatic portosystemic shunt.
ANIMALS 3 purpose-bred cats and 2 purpose-bred dogs.
PROCEDURES The device was surgically placed around an external (cats) or internal (dogs) iliac vein. Computed tomographic angiography was performed at the time of surgery and 2, 4, and 6 weeks after surgery. Ultrasonographic examinations of blood flow through the vein within the device were performed at the time of surgery and at weekly intervals thereafter. Dogs were euthanized 6 weeks after surgery, and the external iliac veins were harvested for histologic examination.
RESULTS The prototype gradual venous occlusion device was successfully placed in all animals, and all animals recovered without complications following the placement procedure. The vessel was completely occluded in 2 cats by 6 weeks after surgery, as determined on the basis of results of CT and ultrasonography; there was incomplete occlusion with a luminal diameter of 1.5 mm in the other cat by 6 weeks after surgery. The vessel was completely occluded in both dogs by 6 weeks after surgery. Histologic examination of the external iliac veins obtained from the dogs revealed minimal inflammation of the vessel wall and no thrombus formation.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The prototype device induced gradual attenuation of an intra-abdominal vessel over a 6-week period. This device may provide another option for gradual occlusion of extrahepatic portosystemic shunts.
Effects of successive tracheal resection and anastomosis on tracheal diameter and position of lobar bronchi in dogs
Authors: de Mello Souza Carlos Henrique , Reinero Carol R. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of successive large-segment tracheal resection and anastomosis on tracheal diameter and position of lobar bronchi in dogs.
ANIMALS 5 adult Beagles.
PROCEDURES Right lateral radiographs were obtained for all dogs and used to measure tracheal length. Dogs were then euthanized, and successive segmental tracheal resections (intervals of 10% from 20% to 50% of the tracheal length), each of which was followed by anastomosis, were performed in each cadaver. Tracheobronchoscopy was performed before the first tracheal resection and after each of the anastomoses to evaluate tracheal diameter and changes in position of lobar bronchi.
RESULTS Tracheal diameter was minimally affected by resections up to 50% of the tracheal length. Diameter of the trachea and position of bronchi were not affected by resection of 20% of the tracheal length. Changes in the position of various lobar bronchi were detected after resection of 30% of the tracheal length.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINCIAL RELEVANCE In this study, tracheal resections of 20% of the tracheal length were accommodated, possibly as a result of stretching of the annular ligament. Resections of ≥ 30% of the tracheal length altered the position of lobar bronchi. Clinical effects, if any, attributable to these changes in bronchial position remain to be elucidated.
Defining the Scholarly Commons - Reimagining Research Communication. Report of Force11 SCWG Workshop, Madrid, Spain, February 25-27, 2016
Authors: Kramer Bianca , Bosman Jeroen , Ignac Marcin , Kral Christina , Kalleinen Tellervo , Koskinen Pekko , Bruno Ian , Buckland Amy , Callaghan Sarah , Champieux Robin , Chapman Chris , Hagstrom Stephanie , Martone MaryAnn , Murphy Fiona , O'Donnell Daniel 
Published: May 2016

'Today’s dominant modes and models of scholarly communication stem from 350 years of tradition around scholarly and scientific dissemination through printed materials. As has been often noted, current forms of electronic communications recapitulate these practices and perpetuate the reward systems built around them. Too often, scholars are unaware of the origins of current practices and accept the status quo because "that’s how it's done". But what if we could start over? What if we had computers, an internet, search engines and social media, but no legacy of journals, articles, books, review systems etc.? How would we be acting as scholars to communicate our research and put it to maximum use? What would consumers of this scholarship expect? To what extent is the promise of new modes of communication enabled by 21st century technology fostered or held back by these traditions?
The first workshop of the Force11 Scholarly Commons Working Group, held in Madrid on February 26-27, 2016, aimed to answer these questions. The workshop brought together experts and new voices across disciplines and countries in a lively format to rethink scholarly communication from scratch. Through this exercise, we began defining principles that should govern the production, dissemination and flow of scholarly objects within what we are calling the 'Scholarly Commons'. Here, we report on both the workshop process, with emphasis on the role of facilitation and visualization, the workshop outcomes and the future plans of the Scholarly Commons Working Group.
L’éternité du mouvement chez Ibn Bāǧǧa (Avempace) : de la définition générique à la définition numérique. Le commentaire aux chapitres 1 et 2 du livre VIII de la Physique
Authors: Cherif Zahar Farah 
Published: May 2016

Cet article examine l’interprétation que livre Ibn Bāǧǧa (Avempace) des chapitres 1 et 2 du livre VIII de la Physique d’Aristote et ce qu’il entend lorsqu’il présente la preuve d’Aristote comme une démonstration de l’éternité du mouvement « selon le genre ». Sa démarche dans le second appendice diffère de celle du commentaire principal : s’employant à distinguer entre des successions essentielles impossibles et des successions accidentelles possibles, Ibn Bāǧǧa est conduit à ne plus considérer l’éternité de succession – axe horizontal – comme suffisante et, ainsi, à mettre en œuvre une approche verticale, remontant vers l’éternité numérique du mouvement circulaire continu. Nous montrons la dépendance et l’originalité d’Ibn Bāǧǧa à l’égard du traité perdu de Fārābī Sur les êtres changeants et contribuons aussi à éclairer le rôle de sa lecture dans l’évolution de l’interprétation averroïste du livre VIII.
Discussion des notions de victime et de traumatisme en lien aux situations de maltraitance d’enfants
Authors: de Becker Emmanuel 
Published: May 2016

Les maltraitances, sous leurs diverses formes, constituent des circonstances socio-familiales susceptibles de provoquer de multiples traumatismes. Les victimes de mauvais traitements pendant l’enfance présentent régulièrement des difficultés d’ordre émotionnel, relationnel, cognitif, somatique, comportemental. Les conséquences de la maltraitance vécue durant l’enfance ont ainsi le potentiel de perdurer tout au long de la vie. La maltraitance constitue une des principales causes de l’état de victime dont les retentissements psychiques traumatiques sont aujourd’hui pris en compte. Par ailleurs, force est de constater que la victime en tant que figure sociale est largement présente sur la scène publique. Ainsi, au-delà d’une situation individuelle, la victime occupe une place non négligeable sur le plan sociologique. Cette importance entraîne inéluctablement des prises de position, parfois radicalement opposées, étant donné les diverses représentations véhiculées chez tout un chacun. Ainsi, les concepts de victime et de traumatisme sont intimement liés dans un lien de causalité non seulement linéaire mais le plus souvent circulaire. Nous développons ces concepts en partant de considérations à propos de l’enfant et de son statut actuel. Se posera, entre autres, la question de l’existence d’un relatif culturel ou, en d’autres termes, d’un « entrechoquement » culturel. La réflexion se poursuivra autour des bénéfices et surtout des risques pour l’enfant, car il est devenu un bien précieux, une denrée rare. Il est un jeune sujet qu’il y a lieu de protéger de tous les dangers et de toute menace. Il est aussi l’enfant du désir, désir de plus en plus planifié et programmé. Quant aux traumatismes, nous en aborderons les aspects pychopathologiques et cliniques, en distinguant le trauma des tableaux de stress. Par la suite, nous regrouperons quatre présentations cliniques en lien avec des aspects intrapsychiques spécifiques pouvant être mises en exergue dans les situations de maltraitance d’enfants. Sera enfin évoqué le concept de « traumatisme psychologique complexe » qui a été avancé pour faire état des multiples impacts de la maltraitance sur l’enfant.
Characterization of the Inflammasome in Human Kupffer Cells in Response to Synthetic Agonists and Pathogens
Authors: Zannetti Claudia , Roblot Guillaume , Charrier Emily , Ainouze Michelle , Tout Issam , Briat François , Isorce Nathalie , Faure-Dupuy Suzanne , Michelet Maud , Marotel Marie , Kati Semra , Schulz Thomas F. , Rivoire Michel , Traverse-Glehen Alexandra , Luangsay Souphalone , Alatiff Omran , Henry Thomas , Walzer Thierry , Durantel David , Hasan Uzma 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The liver is the largest gland in the human body and functions as an innate immune organ. Liver macrophages called Kupffer cells (KC) constitute the largest group of macrophages in the human body. Innate immune responses involving KC represent the first line of defense against pathogens in the liver. Human monocyte-derived macrophages have been used to characterize inflammasome responses that lead to the release of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18, but it has not yet been determined whether human KC contain functional inflammasomes. We show, to our knowledge for the first time, that KC express genes and proteins that make up several different inflammasome complexes. Moreover, activation of KC in response to the absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) inflammasome led to the production of IL-1β and IL-18, which activated IL-8 transcription and hepatic NK cell activity, respectively. Other inflammasome responses were also activated in response to selected bacteria and viruses. However, hepatitis B virus inhibited the AIM2 inflammasome by reducing the mRNA stability of IFN regulatory factor 7, which regulated AIM2 transcription. These data demonstrate the production of IL-1β and IL-18 in KC, suggesting that KC contain functional inflammasomes that could be important players in the innate immune response following certain infections of the liver. We think our findings could potentially aid therapeutic approaches against chronic liver diseases that activate the inflammasome.
Evaluation of epidermal growth factor receptor mutations based on mutation specific immunohistochemistry in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Jain Deepali , Iqbal Sobuhi , Walia Ritika , Malik Prabhat , Cyriac Sunu , Mathur Sandeep R. , Sharma Mehar C. , Madan Karan , Mohan Anant , Bhalla Ashu , Pathy Sushmita , Kumar Lalit , Guleria Randeep 
Published: May 2016

Background & objectives:
Studies have shown that immunohistochemical (IHC) staining using epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation specific antibodies, is an easy and cost-effective, screening method compared with molecular techniques. The purpose of present study was to assess the percentage positivity of IHC using EGFR mutation specific antibodies in lung biopsy samples from patients with primary lung adenocarcinoma (ADC).

Methods:
Two hundred and six biopsies of primary lung ADC were subjected to EGFR mutation specific antibodies against del E746-A750 and L858R. Detection of EGFR mutation done by high resolution melting analysis (HRM) was used as gold standard. A concordance was established between molecular and IHC results. Frequency of IHC positivity was assessed.

Results:
Of the 206 patients, 129 were male and 77 were female patients, with a mean age of 54.1 yr. Fifty five (26.6%) patients (36 men; 19 women) showed positivity for IHC of del E746-A750 (33) and L858R (22). HRM results were available in 14 patients which showed EGFR mutations in correspondence with del E746-750 or L858R in 64.2 per cent cases. Positive cases on HRM were further confirmed by DNA sequencing and fragment analysis. Three patients showed exon20 variation. Two cases were negative for mutation. The genotype of del E746-750 mutation was more common than L858R. A concordance was established between molecular mutation and IHC in 85.7 per cent cases.

Interpretation & conclusions:
In this preliminary study from India mutation specific IHC was used for assessment of mutation status of EGFR. Although the number tested was small, a good concordance was observed between molecular EGFR mutation and IHC expression. IHC methodology is a potentially useful tool to guide clinicians for personalized treatment in lung ADC, especially where facilities for molecular analysis are not readily available and for use in small biopsies where material is scant for molecular tests.
Demographic profile, host, disease & viral predictive factors of response in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection at a tertiary care hospital in north India
Authors: Vasudevan Sreejith , Shalimar  , Kavimandan Amit , Kalra Nancy , Nayak Baibaswata , Thakur Bhaskar , Das Prasenjit , Gupta Siddhartha Datta , Panda Subrat Kumar , Acharya Subrat Kumar 
Published: May 2016

Background & objectives:
Standard of care for chronic hepatitis C (CHC) in India is peginterferon and ribavirin (RBV). The response to treatment in real life stetting is unclear. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the demographic profile and assess the virological response and predictors of response in CHC patients.

Methods:
Consecutive patients with CHC were included in this study. Detailed clinical history, risk factors, and predictive factors of response were noted. Patients were treated with peginterferon α2b (1.5 µg/kg/wk) and RBV (12 mg/kg/day) for 6 to 18 months based on response.

Results:
A total of 211 patients were included in the analysis, mean age 40.6±12.3 yr, 144 (68%) were males and 71 (34%) had compensated cirrhosis. Commonest risk factor for acquiring CHC was previous transfusion and surgery (51%). Genotype 3 (72%) was most common followed by genotype 1 (23%). Overall sustained virologic response (SVR) was 64 per cent [95% CI 57.1%-70.4%]. The SVR was 66.5 per cent [95% CI 58.34-73.89%] for genotype 3 and 61.2 per cent [95% CI 46.23 to 74.80%] for genotype 1. Non-cirrhotics had better SVR rates compared to cirrhotics (76 vs 41%, P<0.001). On multivariate analysis, BMI ≥23 kg/m2, HOMA-IR ≥2, compliance (≤80%), and fibrosis >2 were predictors of low SVR.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Genotype 3 was the commonest HCV genotype. The commonest source of infection was previous transfusion and surgery. SVR rates for genotypes 3 were better than genotype 1 patients. Predictors of non-response were high BMI, insulin resistance, significant fibrosis and inadequate compliance.
On the Dual König Property of the Order-interval Hypergraph of Two Classes of N-free Posets
Authors: Bouchemakh Isma , Fatma Kaci 
Published: May 2016

AbstractLet P be a finite N-free poset. We consider the hypergraph H(P) whose vertices are the elements of P and whose edges are the maximal intervals of P. We study the dual König property of H(P) in two subclasses of N-free class.
Optical properties of atmospheric fine particles near Beijing during the HOPE-J3A campaign
Authors: Xu Xuezhe , Zhao Weixiong , Zhang Qilei , Wang Shuo , Fang Bo , Chen Weidong , Venables Dean S. , Wang Xinfeng , Pu Wei , Wang Xin , Gao Xiaoming , Zhang Weijun 
Published: May 2016

Abstract. The optical properties and chemical composition of PM1.0 particles in a suburban environment (Huairou) near the megacity of Beijing were measured during the HOPE-J3A (Haze Observation Project Especially for Jing–Jin–Ji Area) field campaign. The campaign covered the period November 2014 to January 2015 during the winter coal heating season. The average values and standard deviations of the extinction, scattering, absorption coefficients, and the aerosol single scattering albedo (SSA) at λ  =  470 nm during the measurement period were 201 ± 240, 164 ± 202, 37 ± 43 Mm−1, and 0.80 ± 0.08, respectively. The average values for the real and imaginary components of the effective complex refractive index (CRI) over the campaign were 1.40 ± 0.06 and 0.03 ± 0.02, while the average mass scattering and absorption efficiencies (MSEs and MAEs) of PM1.0 were 3.6 and 0.7 m2 g−1, respectively. Highly time-resolved air pollution episodes clearly show the dramatic evolution of the PM1.0 size distribution, extensive optical properties (extinction, scattering, and absorption coefficients), and intensive optical properties (SSA and CRI) during haze formation, development, and decline. Time periods were classified into three different pollution levels (clear, slightly polluted, and polluted) for further analysis. It was found that (1) the relative contributions of organic and inorganic species to observed aerosol composition changed significantly from clear to polluted days: the organic mass fraction decreased from 50 to 43 % while the proportion of sulfates, nitrates, and ammonium increased strongly from 34 to 44 %. (2) Chemical apportionment of extinction, calculated using the IMPROVE algorithm, tended to underestimate the extinction compared to measurements. Agreement with measurements was improved by modifying the parameters to account for enhanced absorption by elemental carbon (EC). Organic mass was the largest contributor (52 %) to the total extinction of PM1.0, while EC, despite its low mass concentration of  ∼  4 %, contributed about 17 % to extinction. When the air quality deteriorated, the contribution of nitrate aerosol increased significantly (from 15 % on clear days to 22 % on polluted days). (3) Under polluted conditions, the average MAEs of EC were up to 4 times as large as the reference MAE value for freshly generated black carbon (BC). The temporal pattern of MAE values was similar to that of the OC / EC ratio, suggesting that non-BC absorption from secondary organic aerosol also contributes to particle absorption.
Overview of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) experimental design and organization
Authors: Eyring Veronika , Bony Sandrine , Meehl Gerald A. , Senior Catherine A. , Stevens Bjorn , Stouffer Ronald J. , Taylor Karl E. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract. By coordinating the design and distribution of global climate model simulations of the past, current, and future climate, the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) has become one of the foundational elements of climate science. However, the need to address an ever-expanding range of scientific questions arising from more and more research communities has made it necessary to revise the organization of CMIP. After a long and wide community consultation, a new and more federated structure has been put in place. It consists of three major elements: (1) a handful of common experiments, the DECK (Diagnostic, Evaluation and Characterization of Klima) and CMIP historical simulations (1850–near present) that will maintain continuity and help document basic characteristics of models across different phases of CMIP; (2) common standards, coordination, infrastructure, and documentation that will facilitate the distribution of model outputs and the characterization of the model ensemble; and (3) an ensemble of CMIP-Endorsed Model Intercomparison Projects (MIPs) that will be specific to a particular phase of CMIP (now CMIP6) and that will build on the DECK and CMIP historical simulations to address a large range of specific questions and fill the scientific gaps of the previous CMIP phases. The DECK and CMIP historical simulations, together with the use of CMIP data standards, will be the entry cards for models participating in CMIP. Participation in CMIP6-Endorsed MIPs by individual modelling groups will be at their own discretion and will depend on their scientific interests and priorities. With the Grand Science Challenges of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) as its scientific backdrop, CMIP6 will address three broad questions: – How does the Earth system respond to forcing? – What are the origins and consequences of systematic model biases? – How can we assess future climate changes given internal climate variability, predictability, and uncertainties in scenarios? This CMIP6 overview paper presents the background and rationale for the new structure of CMIP, provides a detailed description of the DECK and CMIP6 historical simulations, and includes a brief introduction to the 21 CMIP6-Endorsed MIPs.