bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
People Are More Variable Than Their Hop Test Would Suggest: Hop Performance and Self‐Reported Outcomes Over 11 Years FollowingACLReconstruction
Authors: Girdwood Michael A. , Crossley Kay M. , Patterson Brooke E. , Rio Ebonie K. , Whitehead Timothy S. , Morris Hayden G. , Culvenor Adam G. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTWe aimed to report the trajectory of self‐reported outcomes up to 11 years post‐ACLR. We also explored the relationship between hop performance at 1 year and: (i) future self‐reported knee outcomes; and (ii) risk of subsequent knee events. 124 participants (43 women, mean age 31 ± 8 years) were recruited at 1 year following hamstring‐autograft ACLR. Hop performance was assessed with single‐forward and side‐hop tests. Follow‐up was completed at 3 (n = 114), 5 (n = 89) and 11 years (n = 72) post‐ACLR. Self‐reported outcomes were assessed at each follow‐up with the Knee injury Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) pain and quality of life (QOL) subscales. Generalized linear mixed models estimated the relationship between hop performance and self‐reported outcomes. Subsequent knee events (new injury/surgery) to either knee were recorded, with the relationship between hop performance and risk of subsequent knee events analyzed with Cox proportional hazards. Self‐reported knee outcomes were stable (mean change < 10 points) across all timepoints but with major within‐sample variability. There was a modest relationship between greater hop performance at 1 year and better future KOOS‐pain (average marginal effect [AME] % improvement with + 1 cm single forward hop = 0.06% [95% CI 0.02–0.10]). A nonlinear spline relationship showed better single‐forward hop performance was associated with better KOOS‐QOL for scores < 108 cm, not present for higher hop scores > 108 cm. There were 21 index and 11 contralateral subsequent knee events. Hop performance was not related to risk of a subsequent knee event (hazard ratio index knee 0.99 [95% CI 0.98–1.02]). In conclusion, self‐reported knee pain and quality of life were generally stable across the 11‐year follow‐up period. Greater hop performance at 1‐year post‐ACLR was related to better self‐reported knee outcomes up to 11‐year follow‐up (of questionable clinical importance), but not associated with the risk of subsequent knee injury/surgery.
Maximizing saffron apocarotenoid production in varied tomato fruit carotenoid contexts
Authors: Lobato‐Gómez Maria , Drapal Margit , Fernández‐Muñoz Rafael , Presa Silvia , Espinosa Ana , Fraser Paul D. , Gómez‐Gómez Lourdes , Orzaez Diego , Granell Antonio 
Published: September 2024

SUMMARYSaffron spice owes its commercial appreciation to its specific apocarotenoids: crocins, picrocrocin, and safranal. In Crocus sativus, these compounds are biosynthesized from zeaxanthin through oxidative cleavage by the carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 2 (CCD2). Transgenic tomato plants expressing CsCCD2 in the fruit, named Tomaffron, accumulate high levels of saffron apocarotenoids despite the low substrate availability for CsCCD2. In the present study, CsCCD2 has been introduced into Xantomato; this tomato variety accumulates high levels of zeaxanthin and β‐carotene in ripe fruit due to a combination of four mutant alleles. Xantomato and Tomaffron genotypes have been combined to optimize apocarotenoid production. The best transgenic lines accumulated 15 and 14 times more crocins and picrocrocin than Tomaffron, alongside a fourfold increase in β‐carotene compared to Xantomato, albeit at a cost in fruit yield. Segregation of the four mutations has been carried out to find the best combination for obtaining high levels of saffron apocarotenoids without adverse effects on fruit yield. Plants harboring the high‐pigmented 3 (hp3) and BETA (BSh) mutations accumulated 6 and 15 times more crocins and picrocrocin than Tomaffron, without observable pleiotropic effects. Additionally, those high levels of saffron apocarotenoids were obtained in fruit accumulating high levels of both lycopene and β‐carotene independently or in combination, suggesting a regulatory role for the apocarotenoids produced and indicating that it is possible to increase the levels of both types of healthy promoting molecules simultaneously.
ОБЗОР ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧЕСКОГО РЫНКА РЕСПУБЛИКИ КАЗАХСТАН В СЕГМЕНТЕ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ/ БИОТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ЛЕКАРСТВЕННЫХ СРЕДСТВ
Authors: Жапаркулова К.А. , Атаканова А.А. , Мухтарова А.Д. , Мухамедиярова С.К. , Әбілда М.М. 
Published: September 2024

Фармацевтическая и биотехнологическая отрасль занимает особое место в мировой экономике. Это самая высокотехнологичная индустрия по объему абсолютных и относительных затрат на НИОКР. Кроме того, это одна из наиболее социально значимых отраслей, обеспечивающая доступ пациентов к современным лекарственным препаратам и поддерживающая стабильное развитие системы общественного здравоохранения.
Развитие биотехнологических препаратов - один из наиболее быстрорастущих сегментов фармацевтического рынка, на их долю приходится свыше 20% всего объема продаж. Успех данной категории препаратов как правило связан с их более высокой эффективностью по сравнению с химически синтезированными препаратами, а также с меньшим числом побочных эффектов.
По данным Государственного реестра лекарственных средств Республики Казахстан установлено, что в Казахстане на апрель 2024 г. зарегистрировано 6996 лекарственных средств, из них доля биологических препаратов составляет – 5,55 % остальные – 94,45 %.
Суммарное количество биопрепаратов, зарегистрированных на казахстанском рынке, представлено 388 наименованиями, из которых основную долю составляют лекарственные препараты биологического происхождения (47,42 %), иммунобиологические препараты (35,31 %), биоаналогичные лекарственные препараты (16,75 %) и иммунологические лекарственные препараты (0,52 %).
Согласно АТХ-классификации биологические ЛС на рынке превалируют препараты крови и системы кроветворения, противомикробные препараты системного действия, а также противоопухолевые препараты и иммуномодуляторы.
При анализе лекарственных форм выпуска, зарегистрированных на отечественном рынке биологических препаратов отмечено, что большинство представлены в виде растворов – 179 (46,1 %). Препаратов в форме лиофилизатов для приготовления растворов – 99 (25,5), концентратов, предназначенных для разведения – 50 (12,9 %), суспензий – 43 (11,1 %). Также среди биологических препаратов встречаются таблетки, капсулы, порошки, капли, гели, мази, спреи и суппозитории.
Анализ показал, что в основном данная группа препаратов импортируется из стран ближнего и дальнего зарубежья. Зарубежные производители поставляют 372 наименований продукции, что составляет 95,9 % рынка.
Основными странами-поставщиками ассортиментных биопрепаратов являются следующие страны: Германия – 50 (12,9 %), Швейцария – 39 (10 %), Россия – 32 (8,2 %), Индия – 31 (7,9 %) и Италия – 26 (6,7 %).
В это время казахстанскими предприятиями производятся всего 16 наименования продукции. Из отечественных производителей Карагандинский фармацевтический комплекс (15 препаратов) и Национальный научный центр особо опасных инфекций имени М. Айкимбаева (1 препарат) выпускают биопрепараты. Это указывает на то, что отечественный фармацевтический рынок биопрепаратов находится в зачаточном состоянии и на сегодняшний день остается импортозависимым.
THE THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF ADIPOSE TISSUE PERICYTES IN A DIABETIC RETINOPATHY
Authors: Issabekova A. , Ogay V. 
Published: September 2024

Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine disorder that encompasses a large group of metabolic irregularities characterized by a high level of glucose in the bloodstream and impaired glycemic control (Cai X. et al, 2016). Diabetic retinopathy (DR) stands as the most frequently encountered microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus and remains the leading cause of vision loss in the working-age population worldwide (Yau JWY, 2012; Stitt AW, 2016). Research findings have demonstrated alterations in all major types of retinal cells during the development of DR, such as endothelial cells, neurons, microglia, astrocytes, and Müller cells (Lechner J, 2016). The main cause of retinopathy development is impaired blood circulation in the retina. The majority of modern treatment methods, such as laser photocoagulation, corticosteroids, vitreoretinal surgery, and anti-VEGF injections, are employed at advanced stages of the disease characterized by significant retinal damage (Das A, 2015). The potential for regenerative therapy in treating DR is currently under scrutiny by numerous researchers (Gaddam S, 2019, Bertelli PM, 2020). It is hypothesized that retinal function could be restored through regeneration of retinal blood flow, supported by cases of spontaneous reperfusion of ischemic retina and vision acuity restoration (Stitt AW, 2011). A promising approach in diabetic retinopathy treatment is various types of stem cells application. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are among the most actively studied cell types in cellular regenerative therapy and can be isolated from various sources like bone marrow, adipose tissue, peripheral and umbilical cord blood (Samsonraj RM, 2017). They are defined as multipotent precursor cells with spindle-shaped morphology, capable of trilineage mesenchymal differentiation (into adipocytes, osteoblasts, and chondroblasts), expressing specific surface cell markers, and displaying high proliferation capacity (Dominici MLBK, 2006). Six weeks after inducing diabetes in adult rats, intravenously administered endothelial-like MSCs were capable of restoring altered vascular functions (Motawea SM, 2020). It has been demonstrated that adipose stem cells, a type of mesenchymal stromal/stem cell derived from adipose tissue, under specific culture conditions, can acquire pericyte characteristics and express pericyte markers including α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), PDGFR, and NG2 (Mannino G, 2020). Pericytes are microcapillary cells that have similar to stem cells properties. Injection of human adipose stromal/stem cells into the vitreous of a murine model of oxygen-induced retinopathy facilitated vascular regrowth and were able to integrate into the retinal microvascular network, localizing similarly to pericytes (Hajmousa G, 2018). The optimal method of immunomodulatory and regenerative properties of pericytes need to be determined to increase the therapeutic potential of the cells.
Adhesion of a Rigid Sphere to a Freestanding Elastic Membrane With Pre-Tension
Authors: Yuan Weike , Ding Yue , Niu Xinrui , Wang Gangfeng 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Adhesion between a solid sphere and a thin film is a common but crucial issue in the study of biological membranes and two-dimensional materials. To supplement quantitative knowledge of membrane adhesion, this work addresses the axisymmetric adhesive contact between a rigid sphere and a circular freestanding elastic membrane clamped at the perimeter. For the membranes following linear stretching elasticity with initial radial tension, both the Johnson–Kendall–Roberts (JKR)- and Derjaguin–Muller–Toporov (DMT)-type adhesion as well as the transition regime in-between are considered. The dependency of contact radius and displacement on external force is studied analytically. In essence, the general solution is governed by three dimensionless parameters, reflecting the effects of membrane stretching elasticity, the range of adhesion force, and the membrane size. It is interestingly found that the membrane size does not affect the contact radius and displacement at zero external force at all and has minor influence on the value of pull-off force. The presented closed form solutions might be useful for the understanding of adhesion behaviors of sphere-membrane systems.
Scaling Heat Transfer and Pressure Losses of Novel Additively Manufactured Rib Designs
Authors: Corbett Thomas M. , Thole Karen A. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Rib turbulators are a key cooling feature that enables increased heat transfer on the interior of gas turbine components. As metal additive manufacturing becomes available for developing turbine parts, it is becoming increasingly important to understand how the surface roughness intrinsic to this manufacturing method impacts the performance of rib turbulators. To explore what impact roughness has on rib turbulator performance, several relevant scale test coupons were manufactured on two different additive machines out of IN718. Additionally, several coupons were built at large scales to effectively reduce the relative roughness size impacts and determine scale effects. A range of different wavy broken rib designs, varying both rib wavelength and orientation within a channel were evaluated. Coupon geometry and surface roughness were characterized using both computed tomography scans and optical profilometry. Variations between the print methods were found to have limited impact on the surface roughness, but significant impact on the accuracy to meet the design intent with rib heights varying by 30%. Following characterization, coupons were flow tested and it was found that the ribs that more regularly disturbed the flow as a function of their geometry most significantly enhanced heat transfer and pressure drop. The performance index of the broken wavy ribs was similar to other advanced rib designs, such as broken or V shaped ribs, but augmentations to heat transfer and pressure drop were generally lower. The rib performance was compared as a function of relative roughness, and it was found that increases in relative roughness resulted in increased friction factor and heat transfer, especially at higher Reynolds numbers.
Middle School Students’ Team Cohesion Development Within a Sport Education Season: A Mixed Methods Investigation
Authors: Wang Baofu , Chen Senlin 
Published: September 2024

Purpose: The purposes of the study were to examine the longitudinal changes of team cohesion within a Sport Education season among female students and to identify facilitators and barriers underlying cohesion development. Method: A longitudinal, concurrent, mixed methods design was employed. Students from sixth to eighth grades (all girls; n = 55) in small teams (n = 15), and their physical education teacher, from one convenience private school in a southern U.S. state, participated in this study. All students completed the validated Youth Sport Environment Questionnaire across three time points. Regular field observations, focus group interviews with students, and individual interviews with student leaders and the physical education teacher were conducted to capture the facilitators and barriers. Results: No significant time effect was observed for team cohesion, but student leadership significantly moderated cohesion development from Time 2 to Time 3 and from Time 1 to Time 3, but not from Time 1 to Time 2. Qualitative data unraveled four facilitators and three barriers underlying cohesion development. Conclusion: The findings are informative for future Sport Education-based curricular and instructional practices to nurture team cohesion.
Amylase-associated genetic pattern in
Xanthomonas euvesicatoria
on pepper
Authors: Subedi Aastha , Iruegas-Bocardo Fernanda , Luo Laixin , Minsavage Gerald V. , Roberts Pamela D. , Jones Jeffrey B. , Goss Erica M. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Bacterial leaf spot of pepper (BSP), primarily caused by
Xanthomonas euvesicatoria (Xe
), poses a significant challenge to pepper production worldwide. Despite its impact, the genetic diversity of this pathogen remains underexplored, which limits our understanding of its population structure. To bridge this knowledge gap, we conducted a comprehensive analysis using 103
Xe
strains isolated from pepper in southwest Florida to characterize genomic and type III effector (T3E) variation in this population. Phylogenetic analysis of core genomes revealed a major distinct genetic lineage associated with amylolytic activity. This amylolytic lineage was represented in
Xe
strains globally. Molecular clock analysis dated the emergence of amylolytic strains in
Xe
to around 1972. Notably, non-amylolytic strains possessed a single base pair frameshift deletion in the ⍺-amylase gene yet retained a conserved C-terminus. GUS assay revealed the expression of two open reading frames in non-amylolytic strains, one at the N-terminus and another that starts 136 base pairs upstream of the ⍺-amylase gene. Analysis of T3Es in the Florida
Xe
population identified variation in 12 effectors, including two classes of mutations in
avrBs2
that prevent AvrBs2 from triggering a hypersensitive response in
Bs2
-resistant pepper plants. Knowledge of T3E variation could be used for effector-targeted disease management. This study revealed previously undescribed population structure in this economically important pathogen.

IMPORTANCE

Bacterial leaf spot (BSP), a significant threat to pepper production globally, is primarily caused by
Xanthomonas euvesicatoria
(
Xe
). Limited genomic data has hindered detailed studies on its population diversity. This study analyzed the whole-genome sequences of 103
Xe
strains from peppers in southwest Florida, along with additional global strains, to explore the pathogen’s diversity. The study revealed two major distinct genetic groups based on their amylolytic activity, the ability to break down starch, with non-amylolytic strains having a mutation in the ⍺-amylase gene. Additionally, two classes of mutations in the
avrBs2
gene were found, leading to susceptibility in pepper plants with the
Bs2
resistance gene, a commercially available resistance gene for BSP. These findings highlight the need to forecast the emergence of such strains, identify genetic factors for innovative disease management, and understand how this pathogen evolves and spreads.
Modified Tn
7
transposon vectors for controlled chromosomal gene expression
Authors: Chang Chyden , Phan Minh-Duy , Schembri Mark A. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Complementation remains a foundation for demonstrating molecular Koch’s postulates. While this is frequently achieved using plasmids, limitations such as increased gene copy number and the need for antibiotic supplementation to avoid plasmid loss can restrict their use. Chromosomal integration systems using the Tn
7
transposon provide an alternative to plasmids for complementation and facilitate the stable insertion of genes at the chromosomal
att
Tn
7
site without the need for selection pressure. Here, we enhanced the utility of mini-Tn
7
insertion vectors by the addition of inducible (P
cym
) and constitutive (PcL and P
rpsM
) promoters, allowing differential transcriptional control of genes integrated into the chromosome. We validated the utility of these promoters by cloning the
gfp
gene, encoding green fluorescent protein, downstream of each promoter and integrating a mini-Tn
7
construct harboring these elements into the
att
Tn
7
site on the chromosome of the
Escherichia coli
K-12 strain MG1655. The PcL and P
rpsM
promoters provided equivalent levels of GFP expression and offered flexibility based on the target host strain. Activation of the tightly regulated P
cym
promoter with its inducer cumate resulted in tunable expression of GFP in a dose-dependent manner. We further demonstrated the tight control of the P
cym
promoter using the toxic
impCAB
genes, and the expression of which is detrimental to
E. coli
viability. Together, these modified mini-Tn
7
vectors allowing differential control of genes integrated into the chromosome at a conserved site offer an efficient system for complementation where plasmid use is restricted.

IMPORTANCE

Chromosomal integration using mini-Tn
7
vectors provides an efficient means to insert genes into the chromosome of many gram-negative bacteria. Insertion occurs at a conserved site and allows for the stable integration of genes in single copy. While this system has multiple benefits for enabling complementation, a cornerstone for fulfilling molecular Koch’s postulates, greater flexibility for controlled gene expression would enhance its utility. Here, we have added to the function of mini-Tn7 vectors by the addition of inducible and constitutive promoters and demonstrated their capacity to drive the controlled expression of target genes integrated into the chromosome. In addition to complementation, these modified vectors offer broad application for other approaches including chromosomal tagging,
in vivo
expression, metabolic engineering, and synthetic biology.
Neurological complications caused by SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Pang Zehan , Tang Ao , He Yujie , Fan Junfen , Yang Qingmao , Tong Yigang , Fan Huahao 
Published: September 2024

SUMMARY

SARS-CoV-2 can not only cause respiratory symptoms but also lead to neurological complications. Research has shown that more than 30% of SARS-CoV-2 patients present neurologic symptoms during COVID-19 (A. Pezzini and A. Padovani, Nat Rev Neurol 16:636–644, 2020,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41582-020-0398-3
). Increasing evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 can invade both the central nervous system (CNS) (M.S. Xydakis, M.W. Albers, E.H. Holbrook, et al. Lancet Neurol 20: 753–761, 2021
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(21)00182-4
) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS) (M.N. Soares, M. Eggelbusch, E. Naddaf, et al. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 13:11–22, 2022,
https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.12896
), resulting in a variety of neurological disorders. This review summarized the CNS complications caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, including encephalopathy, neurodegenerative diseases, and delirium. Additionally, some PNS disorders such as skeletal muscle damage and inflammation, anosmia, smell or taste impairment, myasthenia gravis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, ICU-acquired weakness, and post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 were described. Furthermore, the mechanisms underlying SARS-CoV-2-induced neurological disorders were also discussed, including entering the brain through retrograde neuronal or hematogenous routes, disrupting the normal function of the CNS through cytokine storms, inducing cerebral ischemia or hypoxia, thus leading to neurological complications. Moreover, an overview of long-COVID-19 symptoms is provided, along with some recommendations for care and therapeutic approaches of COVID-19 patients experiencing neurological complications.