bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal alcohol disorders and school achievement: a population cohort record linkage study in Western Australia
Authors: Johnson Sarah E , O’Leary Colleen , Bower Carol , Lawrence David , Cunningham Nadia , Semmens James , Zubrick Stephen R 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveMaternal alcohol use disorder is a risk factor for a range of developmental outcomes in children. This study examines school achievement in children of Indigenous and non-Indigenous mothers with an alcohol-related diagnosis.Design, setting and participantsThis is a Western Australian population cohort study of mothers with a record of an alcohol-related diagnosis classified by the International Classification of Diseases Revisions 9/10 codes as recorded on administrative databases, and of their offspring born between 1989 and 2007 (n=18 486 exposed children), with a frequency matched comparison cohort of mothers with no record of alcohol diagnosis and their offspring (n=48 262 comparison children).OutcomesRecords were linked with school achievement data for numeracy and literacy from Years 3, 5, 7 and 9 (age range: ~8–14 years) based on statewide and national testing. Mixed multivariate models with a random intercept per child were used to assess the relationship between exposure and the timing of exposure with failure to meet minimum standardised benchmarks.ResultsAcademic achievement was lower in all testing domains (reading, writing, spelling and numeracy) among children of mothers with an alcohol diagnosis and persisted across all year groups examined. The highest ORs at Year 9 for non-Indigenous children were in reading (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.6, 95% CI 1.4 to 1.8) and in writing for Indigenous children (aOR 2.0, 95% CI 1.8 to 2.3).ConclusionChildren of mothers with alcohol use disorders are at risk of not meeting minimum educational benchmarks in numeracy and literacy, with the risk highest among Indigenous children.
Screening for coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis
Authors: Rados Dimitris V , Pinto Lana C , Leitão Cristiane B , Gross Jorge L 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of coronary artery disease screening in asymptomatic patients with type 2 diabetes and assess the statistical reliability of the findings.MethodsElectronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and clinicaltrials.org) were reviewed up to July 2016. Randomised controlled trials evaluating coronary artery disease screening in asymptomatic patients with type 2 diabetes and reporting cardiovascular events and/or mortality were included. Data were summarised with Mantel-Haenszel relative risk. Trial sequential analysis (TSA) was used to evaluate the optimal sample size to detect a 40% reduction in outcomes. Main outcomes were all-cause mortality and cardiac events (non-fatal myocardial infarction and cardiovascular death); secondary outcomes were non-fatal myocardial infarction, myocardial revascularisations and heart failure.ResultsOne hundred thirty-five references were identified and 5 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and totalised 3315 patients, 117 all-cause deaths and 100 cardiac events. Screening for coronary artery disease was not associated with decrease in risk for all-cause deaths (RR 0.95(95% CI 0.66 to 1.35)) or cardiac events (RR 0.72(95% CI 0.49 to 1.06)). TSA shows that futility boundaries were reached for all-cause mortality and a relative risk reduction of 40% between treatments could be discarded. However, there is not enough information for firm conclusions for cardiac events. For secondary outcomes no benefit or harm was identified; optimal sample sizes were not reached.ConclusionCurrent available data do not support screening for coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes for preventing fatal events. Further studies are needed to assess the effects on cardiac events.PROSPEROCRD42015026627.
Are medical outliers associated with worse patient outcomes? A retrospective study within a regional NHS hospital using routine data
Authors: Stylianou Neophytos , Fackrell Robin , Vasilakis Christos 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveTo explore the quality and safety of patients’ healthcare provision by identifying whether being a medical outlier is associated with worse patient outcomes. A medical outlier is a hospital inpatient who is classified as a medical patient for an episode within a spell of care and has at least one non-medical ward placement within that spell.Data sourcesSecondary data from the Patient Administration System of a district general hospital were provided for the financial years 2013/2014–2015/2016. The data included 71 038 medical patient spells for the 3-year period.Study designThis research was based on a retrospective, cross-sectional observational study design. Multivariate logistic regression and zero-truncated negative binomial regression were used to explore patient outcomes (in-hospital mortality, 30-day mortality, readmissions and length of stay (LOS)) while adjusting for several confounding factors.Principal findingsUnivariate analysis indicated that an outlying medical in-hospital patient has higher odds for readmission, double the odds of staying longer in the hospital but no significant difference in the odds of in-hospital and 30-day mortality. Multivariable analysis indicates that being a medical outlier does not affect mortality outcomes or readmission, but it does prolong LOS in the hospital.ConclusionsAfter adjusting for other factors, medical outliers are associated with an increased LOS while mortality or readmissions are not worse than patients treated in appropriate specialty wards. This is in line with existing but limited literature that such patients experience worse patient outcomes. Hospitals may need to revisit their policies regarding outlying patients as increased LOS is associated with an increased likelihood of harm events, worse quality of care and increased healthcare costs.
A retrospective cohort study of the utility of the modified early warning score for interfacility transfer of patients with traumatic injury
Authors: Salottolo Kristin , Carrick Matthew , Johnson Jacob , Gamber Mark , Bar-Or David 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveThe modified early warning score (MEWS) is a ‘track and trigger’ score using routine physiological vital signs. The objective is to determine if the pretransfer MEWS can be used for predicting outcomes in trauma patients requiring interfacility transfer to higher levels of care.Design, setting and participantsRetrospective study of consecutively transferred trauma patients into a level-II trauma centre from 2013 to 2014.InterventionsNone.Outcome measuresMortality, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, operative procedure, MEWS deterioration in-transit, air transport interfacility, secondary overtriage (low injury severity score (ISS) <10, LOS<1 day, discharged home) and severe injury (ISS ≥16). The association between the pretransfer MEWS and outcomes were analysed with Cochran-Armitage trend tests, receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves and univariate logistic regression.ResultsThere were 587 transferred patients; outcomes were reported in 339 patients with complete data on all five vital signs used to calculate the MEWS. The MEWS ranged from 0 to 9 (median of 1). There was a significant linear relationship between MEWS and study outcomes, especially mortality, ICU admission, air medical transport and severe injury (p<0.001 for all). A threshold score ≥4 was identified by ROC analysis; 11.2% of patients had MEWS ≥4. Outcomes were significantly worse in patients with MEWS ≥4 versus <4: mortality (26.2% vs 3.0%, OR=11.59, p<0.001); ICU admission (73.7% vs 47.2%, OR=3.14, p=0.003); air transfer (42.1% vs 15.6%, OR=3.93, p<0.001) and severe injury (59.5% vs 27.2%, OR=3.9, p<0.001). The MEWS was not associated with surgery, in-transit MEWS deterioration or secondary overtriage.ConclusionPretransfer MEWS ≥4 may be used by the receiving facility for predicting injury severity, mortality, air transport and ICU resource use. In the interfacility transport setting, the MEWS may be useful for identifying patients with less obvious need for transfer or requiring more expeditious transfer.
Validity and reliability of the Patient Centred Assessment Method for patient complexity and relationship with hospital length of stay: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Yoshida Shuhei , Matsushima Masato , Wakabayashi Hidetaka , Mutai Rieko , Murayama Shinichi , Hayashi Tetsuro , Ichikawa Hiroko , Nakano Yuko , Watanabe Takamasa , Fujinuma Yasuki 
Published: May 2017

ObjectivesSeveral instruments for evaluating patient complexity have been developed from a biopsychosocial perspective. Although relationships between the results obtained by these instruments and the length of stay in hospital have been examined, many instruments are complicated and not easy to use. The Patient Centred Assessment Method (PCAM) is a candidate for practical use. This study aimed to test the validity and reliability of the PCAM and examine the correlations between length of hospital stay and PCAM scores in a regional secondary care hospital in Japan.DesignProspective cohort study.Participants and settingTwo hundred and one patients admitted to Ouji Coop Hospital between July 2014 and September 2014.Main predictorPCAM total score in initial phase of hospital admission.Main outcomeLength of stay in hospital.ResultsAmong 201 patients (Female/Male=98/103) with mean (SD) age of 77.4±11.9 years, the mean PCAM score was 25±7.3 and mean (SD) length of stay in hospital (LOS) 34.1±40.9 days. Using exploratory factor analysis to examine construct validity, PCAM evidently has a two-factor structure, comprising medicine-oriented and patient-oriented complexity. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient for evaluating criterion-based validity between PCAM and INTERMED was 0.90. For reliability, Cronbach’s alpha was 0.85. According to negative binomial regression analyses, PCAM scores are a statistically significant predictor (p<0.001) of LOS after adjusting for age, gender, Mini Nutritional Assessment Short-Form, Charlson Comorbidity Index, serum sodium concentration, total number of medications and whether public assistance was required. In another model, each factor in PCAM was independently correlated with length of stay in hospital after adjustment (medicine-oriented complexity: p=0.001, patient-oriented complexity: p=0.014).ConclusionPCAM is a reliable and valid measurement of patient complexity and PCAM scores have a significant correlation with hospital length of stay.
User-Generated Video Composition Based on Device Context Measurements
Authors: Stohr Denny , Toteva Iva , Wilk Stefan , Effelsberg Wolfgang , Steinmetz Ralf 
Published: May 2017

Instant sharing of user-generated video recordings has become a widely used service on platforms such as YouNow, Facebook.Live or uStream. Yet, providing such services with a high QoE for viewers is still challenging, given that mobile upload speed and capacities are limited, and the recording quality on mobile devices greatly depends on the users’ capabilities. One proposed solution to address these issues is video composition. It allows to switch between multiple recorded video streams, selecting the best source at any given time, for composing a live video with a better overall quality for the viewers. Previous approaches have required an in-depth visual analysis of the video streams, which usually limited the scalability of these systems. In contrast, our work allows the stream selection to be realized solely on context information, based on video- and service-quality aspects from sensor and network measurements. The implemented monitoring service for a context-aware upload of video streams is evaluated in different network conditions, with diverse user behavior, including camera shaking and user mobility. We have evaluated the system’s performance based on two studies. First, in a user study, we show that a higher efficiency for the video upload as well as a better QoE for viewers can be achieved when using our proposed system. Second, by examining the overall delay for the switching between streams based on sensor readings, we show that a composition view change can efficiently be achieved in approximately four seconds.
Lower-body negative pressure decreases noninvasively measured intracranial pressure and internal jugular vein cross-sectional area during head-down tilt
Authors: Watkins William , Hargens Alan R. , Seidl Shannon , Clary Erika Marie , Macias Brandon R. 
Published: May 2017

Long-term spaceflight induces a near visual acuity change in ~50% of astronauts. In some crew members, postflight cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) opening pressures by lumbar puncture are as high as 20.9 mmHg; these members demonstrated optic disc edema. CSF communicates through the cochlear aqueduct to affect perilymphatic pressure and tympanic membrane motion. We hypothesized that 50 mmHg of lower-body negative pressure (LBNP) during 15° head-down tilt (HDT) would mitigate elevations in internal jugular vein cross-sectional area (IJV CSA) and intracranial pressure (ICP). Fifteen healthy adult volunteers were positioned in sitting (5 min), supine (5 min), 15° HDT (5 min), and 15° HDT with LBNP (10 min) postures for data collection. Evoked tympanic membrane displacements (TMD) quantified ICP noninvasively. IJV CSA was measured using standard ultrasound techniques. ICP and IJV CSA increased significantly from the seated upright to the 15° HDT posture ( P < 0.05), and LBNP mitigated these increases. LBNP at 25 mmHg reduced ICP during HDT (TMD of 322.13 ± 419.17 nl) to 232.38 ± 445.85 nl, and at 50 mmHg ICP was reduced further to TMD of 199.76 ± 429.69 nl. In addition, 50 mmHg LBNP significantly reduced IJV CSA (1.50 ± 0.33 cm2) during 15° HDT to 0.83 ± 0.42 cm2. LBNP counteracts the headward fluid shift elevation of ICP and IJV CSA experienced during microgravity as simulated by15° HDT. These data provide quantitative evidence that LBNP shifts cephalic fluid to the lower body, reducing IJV CSA and ICP. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The current study provides new evidence that 25 or 50 mmHg of lower body negative pressure reduces jugular venous pooling and intracranial pressure during simulated microgravity. Therefore, spaceflight countermeasures that sequester fluid to the lower body may mitigate cephalic venous congestion and vision impairment.
Treating fructose-induced metabolic changes in mice with high-intensity interval training: insights in the liver, white adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle
Authors: Motta Victor F. , Bargut Thereza L. , Aguila Marcia B. , Mandarim-de-Lacerda Carlos A. 
Published: May 2017

Fructose-rich caloric sweeteners induce adverse changes in the metabolism of humans. The study evaluated the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on a fructose feeding model, focusing on the liver, white adipose tissue (WAT), skeletal muscle, and their interplay. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed for 18 wk one of the following diets: control (C; 5% of total energy from fructose) or fructose (F; 55% of total energy from fructose). In the 10th week, for an additional 8-wk period, the groups were divided into nontrained (NT) or HIIT groups, totaling four groups: C-NT, C-HIIT, F-NT, and F-HIIT. At the end of the experiment, fructose consumption in the F-NT group led to a high systolic blood pressure, high plasma triglycerides, insulin resistance with glucose intolerance, and lower insulin sensitivity. We also observed liver steatosis, adipocyte hypertrophy, and diminished gene expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1-α and fibronectin type III domain containing 5 (FNDC5; irisin) in this F-NT group. These results were accompanied by decreased gene expressions of nuclear respiratory factor 1 and mitochondrial transcription factor A (markers of mitochondrial biogenesis), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (markers of β-oxidation). HIIT improved all of these data in the C-HIIT and F-HIIT groups. In conclusion, in mice fed a fructose diet, HIIT improved body mass, blood pressure, glucose metabolism, and plasma triglycerides. Liver, WAT, and skeletal muscle were positively modulated by HIIT, indicating HIIT as a coadjutant treatment for diseases affecting these tissues. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We investigated the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in mice fed a fructose-rich diet and the resulting severe negative effect on the liver, white adipose tissue (WAT), and skeletal muscle, which reduced the expression of fibronectin type III domain containing 5 (FNDC5, irisin) and PGC1α and, consequently, affected markers of mitochondrial biogenesis and β-oxidation. Because HIIT may block these adverse effects in all of these three tissues, it might be suggested that it functions as a coadjutant treatment in combatting the alterations caused by high-fructose intake.
RET Signaling in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Ban Kechen , Feng Shu , Shao Longjiang , Ittmann Michael 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Purpose: Large diameter perineural prostate cancer is associated with poor outcomes. GDNF, with its coreceptor GFRα1, binds RET and activates downstream pro-oncogenic signaling. Because both GDNF and GFRα1 are secreted by nerves, we examined the role of RET signaling in prostate cancer.
Experimental Design: Expression of RET, GDNF, and/or GFRα1 was assessed. The impact of RET signaling on proliferation, invasion and soft agar colony formation, perineural invasion, and growth in vivo was determined. Cellular signaling downstream of RET was examined by Western blotting.
Results: RET is expressed in all prostate cancer cell lines. GFRα1 is only expressed in 22Rv1 cells, which is the only line that responds to exogenous GDNF. In contrast, all cell lines respond to GDNF plus GFRα1. Conditioned medium from dorsal root ganglia contains secreted GFRα1 and promotes transformation-related phenotypes, which can be blocked by anti-GFRα1 antibody. Perineural invasion in the dorsal root ganglion assay is inhibited by anti-GFRα antibody and RET knockdown. In vivo, knockdown of RET inhibits tumor growth. RET signaling activates ERK or AKT signaling depending on context, but phosphorylation of p70S6 kinase is markedly increased in all cases. Knockdown of p70S6 kinase markedly decreases RET induced transformed phenotypes. Finally, RET is expressed in 18% of adenocarcinomas and all three small-cell carcinomas examined.
Conclusions: RET promotes transformation associated phenotypes, including perineural invasion in prostate cancer via activation of p70S6 kinase. GFRα1, which is secreted by nerves, is a limiting factor for RET signaling, creating a perineural niche where RET signaling can occur. Clin Cancer Res; 23(16); 4885–96. ©2017 AACR.
The Contribution of the Education System Quality to Improve the Nation’s Competitiveness of Indonesia
Authors: Sulisworo Dwi 
Published: May 2017

The quality of education and the competitiveness of college graduates in Indonesia is still far behind, both at the international level, even at the level of ASEAN. In the other side, the issue of demographic bonus in Indonesia become an important factor in the development of human resources. The Indonesian population increased continuously about 1.49% per year. The impact of the quality of education is the nation’s competitiveness. Before analyzing its aspects, the data about the nation’s competitiveness can be used as a reference. Although not entirely represent competitiveness, this data can function as an indicator of progress. Good human resources will be the driving factor for a variety of activities a state and a nation can make, including the economy. In the development of competitiveness, a country is positioned in its change of factor-driven to innovation-driven. The important problems arousing in education are: the quality of school management, quality of research and training, the quality of the education system, and also the higher education participation rate is still low. These four main things that need to be improved in education before it can move to other sectors. The main problem on education in Indonesia is in the low focus on the development of mentality or character. While the analysis of competitiveness problems Indonesia is known that the root problem in competitiveness is the high level of corruption in the country. This is a problem of mentality.
The Effectiveness of Collaborative Academic Online Based Learning through Students’ Self-Regulated Learning
Authors: Priyambodo Erfan 
Published: May 2017

Nowdays, learning through e-learning is going rapidly, including the application BeSmart UNY. This application is providing collaborative method in teaching and learning. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the Collaborative Academic Online Based Learning method in teaching and learning toward students’ Self-Regulated Learning (SRL) on Vocational School Chemistry courses. This study was quasi-experimental research method with one group pretest posttest design. Instruments used in this study were lesson plan and questionnaire of students’ SRL. This questionnaire is filled by students through BeSmart UNY. In determining the differences SRL before and after teaching and learning processes, the data was analized by stastitical method. The results showed that the implementation of the Collaborative Academic Online Based Learning method in teaching and learning was effective for improving students’ SRL.
Organizational Communication in Implementing School Committee Role in South Tangerang City
Authors: Ayuna Novianty Elizabeth , Muljono Pudji , Susanto Djoko , Sugihen Basita Gintin 
Published: May 2017

This research aims to explore the role of communication practices of organizations in supporting the implementation of the four roles of School Committee as an advisory body, a controller, a supporter and a intermediator in an education unit. Thus research uses qualitative approach with descriptive analysis, and data collected through a focus group discussion. The result of this research shows the School Committee’s understanding of its four roles is still low; and organization communication whether between committee manager and school management and its members are still not being implemented optimally. The recommendations are spreading awareness and providing assistance to the Ministry of Education and Culture as well as the Office of Education of Tangerang Selatan on the implementation of the Law No. 44/U/2002 about the Roles and Functions of the School Committee; improving the organization communication pattern both in the internal and external environment.