bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risperidone-induced Enuresis in a 12-year-old Child
Authors: Dikshit Reetika , Karia Sagar , De Sousa Avinash 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTRisperidone has been documented to be effective in the management of behavior problems, aggression, and conduct disorder in children. While metabolic side effects like weight gain and obesity have been attributed to Risperidone use in children, side effects of the drug related to the urinary bladder are rare. We present a case of Risperidone-induced enuresis in a 12-year-old boy with conduct disorder that resolved completely after stopping the medication.
Clinical impression and Western Aphasia Battery classification of aphasia in acute ischemic stroke: Is there a discrepancy?
Authors: John Aju Abraham , Javali Mahendra , Mahale Rohan , Mehta Anish , Acharya P. T. , Srinivasa R. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
Background: Language disturbance is a common symptom of stroke, a prompt identifier of the event, and can cause devastating cognitive impairments. There are many inconsistencies and discrepancies between the different methods used for its evaluation. The relationship between Western Aphasia Battery (WAB) and a simple bedside clinical examination is not clear. Aim: The aim of this study is to determine if bedside clinical impression of aphasia type can reliably predict WAB classification of aphasia and to describe the discrepancies between them. Materials and Methods: Eighty-two consecutive cases of acute ischemic stroke and aphasia were evaluated with bedside aphasia assessment, handedness by Edinburgh Handedness Inventory and WAB scoring was done. Kappa statistics was used to find the overall agreement of clinical impression and WAB. Results: Disagreement was seen predominantly for the nonfluent aphasias when the clinical impression was compared with WAB classification. WAB also had diagnosed three cases as having anomic aphasia using taxonomic classification, but same cases had normal language by aphasia quotient scoring of WAB. There was an overall agreement of 63.4% between patient’s bedside clinical impression and WAB classification of aphasia, with a P< 0.001. Conclusion: Clinical impression was fairly reliable, as compared to WAB in assessing the type of aphasia. Clinical impression was appropriate in an acute setting, but WAB was required to quantify the severity of deficit, which may help in accessing prognosis, monitoring progression, and rehabilitation planning. Along with WAB, a bedside clinical impression should be done for all the patients to strengthen the description of aphasic deficit.
Outcome Prediction after Traumatic Brain Injury: Comparison of the Performance of Routinely Used Severity Scores and Multivariable Prognostic Models
Authors: Majdan Marek , Brazinova Alexandra , Rusnak Martin , Leitgeb Johannes 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
Objectives: Prognosis of outcome after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is important in the assessment of quality of care and can help improve treatment and outcome. The aim of this study was to compare the prognostic value of relatively simple injury severity scores between each other and against a gold standard model – the IMPACT-extended (IMP-E) multivariable prognostic model. Materials and Methods: For this study, 866 patients with moderate/severe TBI from Austria were analyzed. The prognostic performances of the Glasgow coma scale (GCS), GCS motor (GCSM) score, abbreviated injury scale for the head region, Marshall computed tomographic (CT) classification, and Rotterdam CT score were compared side-by-side and against the IMP-E score. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) and Nagelkerke's R
2 were used to assess the prognostic performance. Outcomes at the Intensive Care Unit, at hospital discharge, and at 6 months (mortality and unfavorable outcome) were used as end-points. Results: Comparing AUCs and R
2s of the same model across four outcomes, only little variation was apparent. A similar pattern is observed when comparing the models between each other: Variation of AUCs <±0.09 and R
2s by up to ±0.17 points suggest that all scores perform similarly in predicting outcomes at various points (AUCs: 0.65–0.77; R
2s: 0.09–0.27). All scores performed significantly worse than the IMP-E model (with AUC > 0.83 and R
2 > 0.42 for all outcomes): AUCs were worse by 0.10–0.22 (P < 0.05) and R
2s were worse by 0.22–0.39 points. Conclusions: All tested simple scores can provide reasonably valid prognosis. However, it is confirmed that well-developed multivariable prognostic models outperform these scores significantly and should be used for prognosis in patients after TBI wherever possible.
Not only the Sugar, Early infarct sign, hyperDense middle cerebral artery, Age, Neurologic deficit score but also atrial fibrillation is predictive for symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage after intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator
Authors: Muengtaweepongsa Sombat , Prapa-Anantachai Pornpoj , Dharmasaroja Pornpat A. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTBackground: Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) is the most unwanted adverse event in patients with acute ischemic stroke who received intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (i.v. rt-PA). Many tool scores are available to predict the probability of sICH. Among those scores, the Sugar, Early infarct sign, hyperDense middle cerebral artery, Age, Neurologic deficit (SEDAN) gives the highest area under the curve-receiver operating characteristic value. Objective: We aimed to examine any factors other than the SEDAN score to predict the probability of sICH. Methods: Patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with i.v. rt-PA within 4.5 h time window from January 2010 to July 2012 were evaluated. Compiling demographic data, risk factors, and comorbidity (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, atrial fibrillation (AF), ischemic heart disease, valvular heart disease, previous stroke, gout, smoking cigarette, drinking alcoholic beverage, family history of stroke, and family history of ischemic heart disease), computed tomography scan of patients prior to treatment with rt-PA, and assessing the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score for the purpose of calculating SEDAN score were analyzed. Results: Of 314 patients treated with i.v. rt-PA, there were 46 ICH cases (14.6%) with 14 sICH (4.4%) and 32 asymptomatic intracranial hemorrhage cases (10.2%). The rate of sICH occurrence was increased in accordance with the increase in the SEDAN score and AF. Age over 75 years, early infarction, hyperdense cerebral artery, baseline blood sugar more than 12 mmol/l, NIHSS as 10 or more, and AF were the risk factors to develop sICH after treated with rt-PA at 1.535, 2.501, 1.093, 1.276, 1.253, and 2.492 times, respectively. Conclusions: Rather than the SEDAN score, AF should be a predictor of sICH in patients with acute ischemic stroke after i.v. rt-PA treatment in Thai population.
On the mechanical behaviour of a low-angle normal fault: the Alto Tiberina fault (Northern Apennines, Italy) system case study
Authors: Vadacca Luigi , Casarotti Emanuele , Chiaraluce Lauro , Cocco Massimo 
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Geological and seismological observations have been used to parameterize 2-D numerical elastic models to simulate the interseismic deformation of a complex extensional fault system located in the Northern Apennines (Italy). The geological system is dominated by the presence of the Alto Tiberina fault (ATF), a large (60 km along strike) low-angle normal fault dipping 20° in the brittle crust (0–15 km). The ATF is currently characterized by a high and constant rate of microseismic activity, and no moderate-to-large magnitude earthquakes have been associated with this fault in the past 1000 years. Modelling results have been compared with GPS data in order to understand the mechanical behaviour of this fault and a suite of minor syn- and antithetic normal fault segments located in the main fault hanging wall. The results of the simulations demonstrate the active role played by the Alto Tiberina fault in accommodating the ongoing tectonic extension in this sector of the chain. The GPS velocity profile constructed through the fault system cannot be explained without including the ATF's contribution to deformation, indicating that this fault, although misoriented, has to be considered tectonically active and with a creeping behaviour below 5 km depth. The low-angle normal fault also shows a high degree of tectonic coupling with its main antithetic fault (the Gubbio fault), suggesting that creeping along the ATF may control the observed strain localization and the pattern of microseismic activity.
Herbarium-based studies on taxonomy, biogeography and ecology ofPsilochilus(Orchidaceae)
Authors: Kolanowska Marta , Naczk Aleksandra M. , Jaskuła Radomir 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundPsilochilusis a poorly studied orchid genus distributed from southern Mexico to south-eastern Brazil. A taxonomic revision of this Neotropical endemic based on morphological data is presented.Material and MethodsOver 170 dried herbarium specimens and flowers preserved in liquid ofPsilochiluswere analyzed. Morphological variation among examined taxa was described based on multivariate analysis. To evaluate the similarity between niches occupied by variousPsilochilusspecies ecological niche modeling (ENM) was applied. Species richness and the distribution patterns ofPsilochilusrepresentatives were analyzed based on squares of 5° latitude and longitude while similarities among floras between biogeographical units were measured using the Bray-Curtis index for presence/absence data.Results and DiscussionA new species of theP. physurifolius-complex is described based on Central American material.Psilochilus crenatifoliusis reduced to the rank of variety asP. macrophyllusvar.crenatifolius. A key to 18 acceptedPsilochilusspecies is provided. The illustrations of perianth segments of all recognized taxa are presented. The climatic niches preferred by the particularPsilochilusrepresentatives are well separated based on ecological niche modeling analysis. Their distribution is limited mainly by the isothermality and temperature seasonality. The highestPsilochilusspecies richness is observed in the North Andean, Panamanian, Brazilian Planalto and Central American biogeographical provinces. A high level of endemism is observed in all those regions as well as Yungas biogeographical province. MostPsilochilusspecies occur in areas above 800 m of elevation. The populations were most often reported from the tropical rain forest and tropical moist deciduous forest.
RGFA: powerful and convenient handling of assembly graphs
Authors: Gonnella Giorgio , Kurtz Stefan 
Published: November 2016

The “Graphical Fragment Assembly” (GFA) is an emerging format for the representation of sequence assembly graphs, which can be adopted by both de Bruijn graph- and string graph-based assemblers. Here we present RGFA, an implementation of the proposed GFA specification in Ruby. It allows the user to conveniently parse, edit and write GFA files. Complex operations such as the separation of the implicit instances of repeats and the merging of linear paths can be performed. A typical application of RGFA is the editing of a graph, to finish the assembly of a sequence, using information not available to the assembler. We illustrate a use case, in which the assembly of a repetitive metagenomic fosmid insert was completed using a script based on RGFA. Furthermore, we show how the API provided by RGFA can be employed to design complex graph editing algorithms. As an example, we developed a detection algorithm for CRISPRs in a de Bruijn graph. Finally, RGFA can be used for comparing assembly graphs, e.g., to document the changes in a graph after applying a GUI editor. A program, GFAdiff is provided, which compares the information in two graphs, and generate a report or a Ruby script documenting the transformation steps between the graphs.
Maternal Physiologic Renal Pelvis Dilatation in Pregnancy
Authors: Wadasinghe Sahan Udayanga , Metcalf Louisa , Metcalf Patricia , Perry David 
Published: November 2016

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to produce sonographic reference data for maternal renal pelvis dilatation in asymptomatic pregnant women.MethodsA prospective cross‐sectional study was undertaken on pregnant women presenting for outpatient obstetric imaging. For each side, the renal length and axial anteroposterior diameter of the renal pelvis were measured. Maternal demographics, gravidity and parity, number of fetuses, and estimated fetal weight (when available) were recorded.ResultsA total of 700 women enrolled, with 191 excluded. The 509 women analyzed included 465 singleton and 44 twin pregnancies. A total of 815 sonographic investigations were performed: 716 in singleton pregnancies and 99 in twin pregnancies. The gestational age range was 10 to 40 weeks. Charts depicting the anteroposterior renal pelvis diameter versus gestational age were constructed to determine normative sonographic reference data for maternal renal pelvis dilatation in singleton pregnancies. Although the mean renal pelvis diameter increased as pregnancy progressed, measurements of greater than 10 mm remained relatively uncommon, being identified in 9.7% of right and 2.1% of left kidneys in the third trimester. Only 4.1% of right and 0.4% of left third‐trimester measurements exceeded 15 mm. Right renal pelvis measurements on average were greater than the left by 1.54 mm (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20 to 1.87 mm). Twins had significantly larger renal pelvis measurements than singletons on average, measuring 2.11 mm (95% CI, 1.50 to 2.72 mm) larger on the right and 1.69 mm (95% CI, 0.73 to 2.65) on the left.ConclusionsWe present sonographic reference data for asymptomatic pregnancy‐related renal pelvis dilatation in singleton pregnancies from a large cohort of women.
Frequency and Importance of Incomplete Screening Fetal Anatomic Sonography in Pregnancy
Authors: Silvestri Mark T. , Pettker Christian M. , Raney Julia H. , Xu Xiao , Ross Joseph S. 
Published: November 2016

ObjectivesTo determine (1) how often routine screening fetal anatomic sonography fails to completely visualize fetal anatomy; (2) the proportion of women with incomplete ultrasound examinations who are recommended for repeat screening and then undergo repeat sonography; and (3) how often abnormal fetal anatomy is detected on repeat sonography.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study at a high‐volume academic obstetric ultrasound center. Participants were 16,300 women at 17 through 21 weeks' gestation with a singleton pregnancy presenting for screening anatomic sonography between January 2009 and December 2013. Main outcome measures were (1) incomplete visualization of anatomy at initial screening sonography; (2) among women with incomplete but otherwise normal initial screening ultrasound examinations, recommendation for and performance of repeat sonography; and (3) among women undergoing repeat sonography, discovery of abnormal fetal anatomy within anatomic components that were previously incompletely visualized.ResultsThe mean maternal age ± SD was 30.8 ± 6.3 years, and the mean gestational age was 18.8 ± 1.0 weeks. Among 16,300 initial screening ultrasound examinations, 2157 (13.2%) had incomplete visualization of fetal anatomy. Of those women eligible for follow‐up, 91.5% were recommended for repeat screening, of whom 92.8% had a subsequent examination. Of 1560 repeat screening ultrasound examinations, 8 (0.5%) showed an abnormality in the components of anatomy that were previously visualized incompletely.ConclusionsIn this large single‐center study, incomplete visualization was common in screening fetal anatomic ultrasound examinations. Recommendations for repeat imaging were nearly universal, but abnormal fetal anatomy was infrequently discovered on repeat screening.
Effects of an emergent vegetation patch on channel reach bathymetry and stability during repeated unsteady flows
Authors: Waters Kevin A. , Crowe Curran Joanna 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWhile research into the interaction between in‐channel vegetation, flow, and bed sediment has increased in recent years, there is still a need to understand how unsteady flows affect these processes, particularly in terms of channel bed adjustments. In this study, flume experiments tested two flood hydrograph sizes run over sand/gravel and sand/silt beds to evaluate reach scale impacts of a midchannel vegetation patch of variable stem density on channel bathymetry and stability. Alternating flood hydrographs with periods of low, steady flow created flow sequences reflective of an extended unsteady flow regime, thereby simulating time scales consisting of multiple flood events. Digital elevation models provided detailed measurements of channel change following each flood event to enable analysis over each unsteady flow sequence. The vegetation patch created characteristic channel bathymetries dependent on sediment mixture and patch density that in all cases resulted in a more variable bed structure than channels without a patch. Reach scale stability, quantified based on net volumetric bed change, only occurred with a sparse patch in the low flood sequence, corresponding with little variation in surface composition and structure. In most other cases, scour measured at the patch prevented stability at the reach scale, especially in the finer substrate. Overall, findings show that a channel may only adjust to a stable bathymetry upon addition of a midchannel vegetation patch within a limited range of flow regimes and patch stem densities, and that for the experimental conditions tested here, in‐stream patches generally did not enhance reach scale bed stability.
A travel time‐based approach to model kinetic sorption in highly heterogeneous porous media via reactive hydrofacies
Authors: Finkel Michael , Grathwohl Peter , Cirpka Olaf A. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe present a semianalytical model for the transport of solutes being subject to sorption in porous aquifers. We couple a travel time‐based model of advective transport with a spherical diffusion model of kinetic sorption in nonuniform material mixtures. The model is formulated in the Laplace domain and transformed to the time domain by numerical inversion. By this, three‐dimensional transport of solutes undergoing mass transfer between aqueous and solid phases can be simulated very efficiently. The model addresses both hydraulic and reactive heterogeneity of porous aquifers by means of hydrofacies, which function as homogeneous but nonuniform subunits. The total exposure time to each of these subunits controls the magnitude of sorption effects, whereas the particular sequence of facies through which the solute passes is irrelevant. We apply the model to simulate the transport of phenanthrene in a fluvio‐glacial aquifer, for which the hydrofacies distribution is known at high resolution, the lithological composition of each facies has been analyzed, and sorption properties of the lithological components are available. Taking the fully resolved hydrofacies model as reference, we evaluate different approximations referring to lower information levels, reflecting shortcomings in typical modeling projects. The most important feature for a good description of both the main breakthrough and tailing of phenanthrene is the nonuniformity of the porous medium. While spatial heterogeneity of chemical properties might be neglected without introducing a large error, an approximation of the facies' composition in terms of a uniform substitute material considerably compromises the quality of the modeling result.
Racial and Ethnic Differences in Total Knee Arthroplasty in the Veterans Affairs Health Care System, 2001–2013
Authors: Hausmann Leslie R. M. , Brandt Cynthia A. , Carroll Constance M. , Fenton Brenda T. , Ibrahim Said A. , Becker William C. , Burgess Diana J. , Wandner Laura D. , Bair Matthew J. , Goulet Joseph L. 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveTo examine black‐white and Hispanic‐white differences in total knee arthroplasty from 2001 to 2013 in a large cohort of patients diagnosed with osteoarthritis (OA) in the Veterans Affairs (VA) health care system.MethodsData were from the VA Musculoskeletal Disorders cohort, which includes data from electronic health records of more than 5.4 million veterans with musculoskeletal disorders diagnoses. We included white (non‐Hispanic), black (non‐Hispanic), and Hispanic (any race) veterans, age ≥50 years, with an OA diagnosis from 2001–2011 (n = 539,841). Veterans were followed from their first OA diagnosis until September 30, 2013. As a proxy for increased clinical severity, analyses were also conducted for a subsample restricted to those who saw an orthopedic or rheumatology specialist (n = 148,844). We used Cox proportional hazards regression to examine racial and ethnic differences in total knee arthroplasty by year of OA diagnosis, adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, physical and mental diagnoses, and pain intensity scores.ResultsWe identified 12,087 total knee arthroplasty procedures in a sample of 473,170 white, 50,172 black, and 16,499 Hispanic veterans. In adjusted models examining black‐white and Hispanic‐white differences by year of OA diagnosis, total knee arthroplasty rates were lower for black than for white veterans diagnosed in all but 2 years. There were no Hispanic‐white differences regardless of when diagnosis occurred. These patterns held in the specialty clinic subsample.ConclusionBlack‐white differences in total knee arthroplasty appear to be persistent in the VA, even after controlling for potential clinical confounders.
Metallfluoride als Analoga für Studien an Phosphoryltransferenzymen
Authors: Jin Yi , Richards Nigel G. , Waltho Jonathan P. , Blackburn G. Michael 
Published: November 2016

AbstractDie 1994 veröffentlichte Struktur eines mit AlF4− und GDP komplexierten Übergangszustands von G1α, einem kleinen (monomeren) G‐Protein, markierte den Beginn intensiver Studien der Strukturen und Mechanismen von Enzymen, die den Transfer der Phosphorylgruppe (PO3−) vermitteln. Die Zahl der Enzymstrukturen in der Protein Data Bank, die Metallfluoride (MFx) als Liganden enthalten, die eine Phosphoryl‐ oder Phosphatgruppe imitieren, betrug 357 zum Ende von 2016. Drei geometrische Klassen lassen sich unterscheiden: 1) tetraedrische Komplexe auf der Basis von BeF3−, die Phosphate im Grundzustand imitieren; 2) oktaedrische Komplexe, und hier primär solche auf der Basis von AlF4−, die “lineare” anionische Übergangszustände von Phosphoryltransferreaktionen imitieren; und 3) trigonal‐bipyramidale (tbp) Komplexe mit MgF3−‐ und AlF30‐Einheiten, welche die tbp‐Geometrie des Übergangszustands imitieren. Die Deutung dieser Strukturen liefert ein tiefgehendes mechanistisches Verständnis des Verhaltens und der Manipulation von Phosphatmonoestern in der molekularen Biologie. Wir geben hier einen umfassenden Überblick über diese Strukturen, ihre Einsatzgebiete und ihre computergestützte Entwicklung. Wir diskutieren kritisch die Beteiligung von AlF30 und MgF42− als trigonal‐bipyramidale Spezies in Proteinkomplexen sowie die Bedeutung der physikalisch‐organischen Chemie und wasserbasierter Modellsysteme im Verständnis des Phosphorylgruppentransfers in Enzymen. Gestützt auf die Analyse von Protein/MFx‐Strukturen beschreiben wir zweierlei mechanistische Rollen der Aminosäureseitenketten bei Protonenübertragungen im Verlauf von Phosphorylgruppentransfers: Erstens, sie bilden H‐Brücken mit neutralen Sauerstoff‐Nukleophilen, um diese für eine optimale Orbitalüberlappung mit dem elektrophilen Phosphorzentrum auszurichten. Zweitens, sie verhalten sich wie klassische allgemeine Säure/Base‐Katalysatoren.