bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secondary Health Conditions, Activity Limitations, and Life Satisfaction in Older Adults With Long‐Term Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Jörgensen Sophie , Iwarsson Susanne , Lexell Jan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundMany individuals with a spinal cord injury (SCI) have lived several decades with their injury, leading to a need for a deeper understanding of factors associated with healthy aging in people with long‐term SCI.ObjectivesTo (1) describe secondary health conditions, activity limitations, and life satisfaction in older adults with long‐term SCI, and to (2) investigate how sociodemographics, injury characteristics, and secondary health conditions are associated with their activity limitations and life satisfaction.DesignCross‐sectional descriptive cohort study.SettingHome and community settings.ParticipantsA total of 123 individuals (71% men, injury levels C1‐L5, American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale A‐D), mean age 63 years, mean time since injury 24 years.MethodsBaseline data as part of the Swedish Aging with Spinal Cord Injury Study. Associations between variables were investigated with multivariable linear regression analyses.Main Outcome MeasurementsBowel and bladder function, nociceptive and neuropathic pain, spasticity, the Spinal Cord Independence Measure, third version, and the Satisfaction With Life Scale.ResultsBowel‐related and bladder‐related problems were reported by 32% and 44%, respectively, 66% reported moderate or severe nociceptive and/or neuropathic pain, and 44% reported spasticity. Activity limitations were moderate (mean Spinal Cord Independence Measure, third version, total score 65.2, range 8‐100) where injury characteristics and spasticity explained 68% of the variance. Higher level and more severe SCI (based on the American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale) exhibited the strongest association with more activity limitations. Life satisfaction was rated just above the midpoint between satisfied and dissatisfied with life (mean Satisfaction With Life Scale total score 20.7, range 6‐34). Marital status, vocational situation, bladder function and injury characteristics explained 38% of the variance, where having a partner showed the strongest association with greater life satisfaction. Activity limitations and life satisfaction were not associated with gender, age and time since injury.ConclusionOlder adults with long‐term SCI can maintain a relatively high level of physical independence and generally are satisfied with their lives, regardless of gender, age or time since injury. The associations demonstrate the importance of injury characteristics for the performance of daily activities and the social context for life satisfaction in older adults with long‐term SCI.Level of EvidenceIII
Position of the base of the Quaternary in West Siberia (based on paleobotanical and paleomagnetic evidence)
Authors: Volkova V.S. , Kuz’mina O.B. , Gnibidenko Z.N. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
This study reviews a possible new position of the base of the Quaternary in West Siberia based on paleobotanical and paleomagnetic data in view of ratification of ICS recommendations by the IUGS Executive Committee and the decision of the Interdepartmental Commission on the Quaternary Stratigraphy of Russia to lower the base of the Quaternary (and, therefore, the base of the Pleistocene) at 2.58 Ma. The paleobotanical and paleomagnetic data from two horizons on the West Siberian plain (Kulunda, attributed in part to the formerly Neogene Gelasian Stage, and Kochki, attributed to the Quaternary) were used to identify global cooling that occurred synchronously with a regional cooling phase determined at the base of the Gelasian at Monte San Nicola, Italy.
Lake Teletskoye (Altai, Russia): reconstruction of the environment and prediction for its changes according to the composition and quantity of diatoms in the bottom sediments
Authors: Mitrofanova E.Yu. , Sutchenkova O.S. , Lovtskaya O.V. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
We studied the upper 0–1000 mm of the bottom sediment core from the underwater Sofia Lepneva Ridge of Lake Teletskoye. The core sediments accumulated with a rate of 0.3 mm/year (with regard to their humidity, with a rate of 0.45 mm/year) and have an age of about 2000 years. A total of 194 species (212 varieties and forms) of diatoms have been revealed. Analysis of diatom composition in tanatocoenoses showed prevalence of species inhabiting the bottom and periphyton, widely distributed geographically, indifferent to salinity, and preferring a weakly alkaline environment, as well as beta-mesosaprobionts. The number of diatom valves ranged from 0.86 to 64.4 mln valves/g, with an average of 22.90 ± 0.78 mln valves/g. Over the last millennium, the peaks of the abundance of diatoms, especially representatives of the cold-water assemblage, including the main dominant Aulacoseira subarctica (O. Müll.) Haw., are referred to the periods with low water temperature. The pH value for the period from 172 BC to 2006 AD has been reconstructed from the proportion of the numbers of valves of pH-indicating diatom species, which varied from 7.51 to 7.69, with an average of 7.580 ± 0.003. The pH value predicted up to 2259 AD was estimated by spectral (Fourier) analysis at 7.53–7.63, with a similar average of 7.580 ± 0.001. Analysis of reconstructed and predicted pH values showed their insignificant changes and correspondence to a weakly alkaline environment (7.0–8.5). These pH values suggest stability of the lake environment both in the past periods and in the nearest future.
Partial hyperbolicity and classification: a survey
Authors: HAMMERLINDL ANDY , POTRIE RAFAEL 
Published: September 2016

This paper surveys recent results on classifying partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms. This includes the construction of branching foliations and leaf conjugacies on three-dimensional manifolds with solvable fundamental group. Classification results in higher-dimensional settings are also discussed. The paper concludes with an overview of the construction of new partially hyperbolic examples derived from Anosov flows.
Dynamics on the graph of the torus parametrization
Authors: KELLER GERHARD , RICHARD CHRISTOPH 
Published: September 2016

Model sets are projections of certain lattice subsets. It was realized by Moody [Uniform distribution in model sets.Canad. Math. Bull. 45(1) (2002), 123–130] that dynamical properties of such a set are induced from the torus associated with the lattice. We follow and extend this approach by studying dynamics on the graph of the map that associates lattice subsets to points of the torus and then we transfer the results to their projections. This not only leads to transparent proofs of known results on model sets, but we also obtain new results on so-called weak model sets. In particular, we prove pure point dynamical spectrum for the hull of a weak model set of maximal density together with the push forward of the torus Haar measure under the torus parametrization map, and we derive a formula for its pattern frequencies.
The challenges of asymmetric mating – the influence of male and female size on the reproductive output ofAcanthochondria cornuta(Chondracanthidae)
Authors: FRADE D. G. , NOGUEIRA S. , SANTOS M. J. , CAVALEIRO F. I. 
Published: September 2016

SUMMARYThe reproductive strategy ofAcanthochondria cornuta, a parasitic copepod with dwarf, hyperparasitic males, is described in detail. The potential impact of male parasitism on the reproductive output was evaluated by determining the size of each sex and the female's fecundity, egg size and total reproductive effort for each pair/trio throughout the four seasons of the year. Marked seasonal differences were observed in female size and reproductive output, suggesting two distinct generations, but no differences were observed for male size. No statistically significant correlations were observed between male size and any measure of reproductive effort, but females with larger males had lower fecundity. A trade-off between egg number and egg size was recorded. Overall, the reproductive effort inA. cornutaseems to be determined mostly by female size, and larger females do not hold smaller males.
Room-temperature exciton-polaritons with two-dimensional WS2
Authors: Flatten L. C. , He Z. , Coles D. M. , Trichet A. A. P. , Powell A. W. , Taylor R. A. , Warner J. H. , Smith J. M. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractTwo-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides exhibit strong optical transitions with significant potential for optoelectronic devices. In particular they are suited for cavity quantum electrodynamics in which strong coupling leads to polariton formation as a root to realisation of inversionless lasing, polariton condensation and superfluidity. Demonstrations of such strongly correlated phenomena to date have often relied on cryogenic temperatures, high excitation densities and were frequently impaired by strong material disorder. At room-temperature, experiments approaching the strong coupling regime with transition metal dichalcogenides have been reported, but well resolved exciton-polaritons have yet to be achieved. Here we report a study of monolayer WS2 coupled to an open Fabry-Perot cavity at room-temperature, in which polariton eigenstates are unambiguously displayed. In-situ tunability of the cavity length results in a maximal Rabi splitting of ħΩRabi = 70 meV, exceeding the exciton linewidth. Our data are well described by a transfer matrix model appropriate for the large linewidth regime. This work provides a platform towards observing strongly correlated polariton phenomena in compact photonic devices for ambient temperature applications.
Dissemination of IMP-4-encoding pIMP-HZ1-related plasmids among Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a Chinese teaching hospital
Authors: Feng Wei , Zhou Dongsheng , Wang Qian , Luo Wenbo , Zhang Defu , Sun Qiang , Tong Yigang , Chen Weijun , Sun Fengjun , Xia Peiyuan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA total of 26 blaIMP-4-carrying strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated from 2009 to 2013 in a Chinese teaching hospital, and these strains can be assigned into multiple sequence types or allelic profiles as determined by multilocus sequence typing. Of these strains, P. aeruginosa P378 and K. pneumoniae 1220 harbor the IMP-4-encoding plasmids pP378-IMP and p1220-IMP, respectively, whose complete nucleotide sequences are determined to be genetically closely related to the IncN1-type plasmid pIMP-HZ1. pP378-IMP/p1220-IMP-like plasmids are hinted to be present in all the other blaIMP-4-carrying strains, indicating the dissemination of pIMP-HZ1-related plasmids among K. pneumoniae or P. aeruginosa of different genotypes in this hospital. pP378-IMP carries two distinct accessory resistance regions, a blaIMP-4-carrying class 1 integron In823b, and a truncated Tn3-family unit transposon ΔTn6292-3′ harboring the quinolone resistance gene qnrS1. Massive fragmentation and rearrangement of these accessory genetic contents occur among p1220-IMP and IMP-HZ1 relative to pP378-IMP. blaIMP-4 is also present in the In823b remnants from p1220-IMP and IMP-HZ1, while qnrS1 is located in a Tn6292-derive fragment from pIMP-HZ1 but not found in p1220-IMP. pP378-IMP represents the first fully sequenced IncN-type plasmid from P. aeruginosa.
Inhibition promotes long-term potentiation at cerebellar excitatory synapses
Authors: Binda F. , Dorgans K. , Reibel S. , Sakimura K. , Kano M. , Poulain B. , Isope P. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe ability of the cerebellar cortex to learn from experience ensures the accuracy of movements and reflex adaptation, processes which require long-term plasticity at granule cell (GC) to Purkinje neuron (PN) excitatory synapses. PNs also receive GABAergic inhibitory inputs via GCs activation of interneurons; despite the involvement of inhibition in motor learning, its role in long-term plasticity is poorly characterized. Here we reveal a functional coupling between ionotropic GABAA receptors and low threshold CaV3 calcium channels in PNs that sustains calcium influx and promotes long-term potentiation (LTP) at GC to PN synapses. High frequency stimulation induces LTP at GC to PN synapses and CaV3-mediated calcium influx provided that inhibition is intact; LTP is mGluR1, intracellular calcium store and CaV3 dependent. LTP is impaired in CaV3.1 knockout mice but it is nevertheless recovered by strengthening inhibitory transmission onto PNs; promoting a stronger hyperpolarization via GABAA receptor activation leads to an enhanced availability of an alternative Purkinje-expressed CaV3 isoform compensating for the lack of CaV3.1 and restoring LTP. Accordingly, a stronger hyperpolarization also restores CaV3-mediated calcium influx in PNs from CaV3.1 knockout mice. We conclude that by favoring CaV3 channels availability inhibition promotes LTP at cerebellar excitatory synapses.
Real-time and label-free monitoring of nanoparticle cellular uptake using capacitance-based assays
Authors: Lee Rimi , Jo Dong hyun , Chung Sang J. , Na Hee-Kyung , Kim Jeong Hun , Lee Tae Geol 
Published: September 2016

AbstractNanoparticles have shown great potential as vehicles for the delivery of drugs, nucleic acids, and therapeutic proteins; an efficient, high-throughput screening method to analyze nanoparticle interaction with the cytomembrane would substantially improve the efficiency and accuracy of the delivery. Here, we developed a capacitance sensor array that monitored the capacitance values of nanoparticle-treated cells in a real-time manner, without the need for labeling. Upon cellular uptake of the nanoparticles, a capacitance peak was observed at a low frequency (e.g., 100 Hz) as a function of time based on zeta potential changes. In the high frequency region (e.g., 15–20 kHz), the rate of decreasing capacitance slowed as a function of time compared to the cell growth control group, due to increased cytoplasm resistance and decreased membrane capacitance and resistance. The information provided by our capacitance sensor array will be a powerful tool for scientists designing nanoparticles for specific purposes.
Soil surface temperatures reveal moderation of the urban heat island effect by trees and shrubs
Authors: Edmondson J. L. , Stott I. , Davies Z. G. , Gaston K. J. , Leake J. R. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractUrban areas are major contributors to air pollution and climate change, causing impacts on human health that are amplified by the microclimatological effects of buildings and grey infrastructure through the urban heat island (UHI) effect. Urban greenspaces may be important in reducing surface temperature extremes, but their effects have not been investigated at a city-wide scale. Across a mid-sized UK city we buried temperature loggers at the surface of greenspace soils at 100 sites, stratified by proximity to city centre, vegetation cover and land-use. Mean daily soil surface temperature over 11 months increased by 0.6 °C over the 5 km from the city outskirts to the centre. Trees and shrubs in non-domestic greenspace reduced mean maximum daily soil surface temperatures in the summer by 5.7 °C compared to herbaceous vegetation, but tended to maintain slightly higher temperatures in winter. Trees in domestic gardens, which tend to be smaller, were less effective at reducing summer soil surface temperatures. Our findings reveal that the UHI effects soil temperatures at a city-wide scale, and that in their moderating urban soil surface temperature extremes, trees and shrubs may help to reduce the adverse impacts of urbanization on microclimate, soil processes and human health.
Systematic Review with Network Meta-Analysis: Antidiabetic Medication and Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Zhou Yao-Yao , Zhu Gui-Qi , Liu Tian , Zheng Ji-Na , Cheng Zhang , Zou Tian-Tian , Braddock Martin , Fu Shen-Wen , Zheng Ming-Hua 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAntidiabetic medication may modify the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We aimed to compare the use of different antidiabetic strategies and the incidence of HCC. PubMed, Embase.com and Cochrane Library databases were searched up to 31 October 2015 and randomized controlled trials (RCTs), cohort studies or case-control studies were included for our analyses. A total of thirteen studies enrolling 481358 participants with 240678 HCC cases who received at least two different strategies were retrieved in this analysis. Direct comparisons showed that use of metformin (risk ratio [RR] 0.49, 95% CI 0.25–0.97) was associated with a significant risk reduction of HCC, while insulin (RR = 2.44, 95% CI 1.10- 5.56) may significantly increase the risk. Indirect evidence also suggested that insulin (RR = 2.37, 95% CI 1.21–4.75) was associated with a significantly increased risk of HCC. Additionally, metformin was effective in reducing the risk of HCC when compared with sulphonylurea (RR = 0.45, 95% CI 0.27–0.74) and insulin (RR = 0.28, 95% CI 0.17–0.47). Notably, metformin was hierarchically the best when compared with other antidiabetic therapies for the prevention of HCC. In summary, available evidence suggests that metformin was the most effective strategy to reduce HCC risk when compared with other antidiabetic interventions.
Invasive predators and global biodiversity loss
Authors: Doherty Tim S. , Glen Alistair S. , Nimmo Dale G. , Ritchie Euan G. , Dickman Chris R. 
Published: September 2016

Significance
Invasive mammalian predators are arguably the most damaging group of alien animal species for global biodiversity. Thirty species of invasive predator are implicated in the extinction or endangerment of 738 vertebrate species—collectively contributing to 58% of all bird, mammal, and reptile extinctions. Cats, rodents, dogs, and pigs have the most pervasive impacts, and endemic island faunas are most vulnerable to invasive predators. That most impacted species are insular indicates that management of invasive predators on islands should be a global conservation priority. Understanding and mitigating the impact of invasive mammalian predators is essential for reducing the rate of global biodiversity loss.
When fairness matters less than we expect
Authors: Cooney Gus , Gilbert Daniel T. , Wilson Timothy D. 
Published: September 2016

SignificanceHuman beings care a great deal about the fairness of the procedures that are used to allocate resources, such as wealth, opportunity, and power. But in a series of experiments, we show that those to whom resources are allocated often care less about fairness than those who allocate the resources expect them to. This “allocator’s illusion” results from the fact that fairness seems more important before an allocation is made (when allocators are choosing a procedure) than afterward (when receivers are reacting to the procedure that allocators chose). This illusion has important consequences for policy-makers, managers, health care providers, judges, teachers, parents, and others who are charged with choosing the procedures by which things of value will be allocated.
Advanced maritime adaptation in the western Pacific coastal region extends back to 35,000–30,000 years before present
Authors: Fujita Masaki , Yamasaki Shinji , Katagiri Chiaki , Oshiro Itsuro , Sano Katsuhiro , Kurozumi Taiji , Sugawara Hiroshi , Kunikita Dai , Matsuzaki Hiroyuki , Kano Akihiro , Okumura Tomoyo , Sone Tomomi , Fujita Hikaru , Kobayashi Satoshi , Naruse Toru , Kondo Megumi , Matsu’ura Shuji , Suwa Gen , Kaifu Yousuke 
Published: September 2016

SignificanceMoving into oceanic islands after c. 50,000 years ago was a remarkable step forward in the history of worldwide expansion of modern humans. However, the developmental process of Pleistocene maritime technology remains unclear. So far, the only secure sources of information for such discussions were the Indonesian Archipelago and northern New Guinea as steppingstones from the Asian continent to Australia. This article reports a successful maritime adaptation that extended from ∼35,000 to 13,000 years ago on a small island environment in the southern Japanese Archipelago. The new evidence demonstrates a geographically wider distribution of early maritime technology that extended north to the midlatitude areas along the western Pacific coast.
Orthographic processing in pigeons (
Columba livia
)
Authors: Scarf Damian , Boy Karoline , Uber Reinert Anelisie , Devine Jack , Güntürkün Onur , Colombo Michael 
Published: September 2016

Significance
A novel theory suggests that orthographic processing is the product of neuronal recycling, with visual circuits that evolved to code visual objects now co-opted to code words. Here, we provide a litmus test of this theory by assessing whether pigeons, an organism with a visual system organizationally distinct from that of primates, code words orthographically. Pigeons not only correctly identified novel words but also display the hallmarks of orthographic processing, in that they are sensitive to the bigram frequencies of words, the orthographic similarity between words and nonwords, and the transposition of letters. These findings demonstrate that visual systems neither genetically nor organizationally similar to humans can be recycled to represent the orthographic code that defines words.
High-fat diet modifies the PPAR-γ pathway leading to disruption of microbial and physiological ecosystem in murine small intestine
Authors: Tomas Julie , Mulet Céline , Saffarian Azadeh , Cavin Jean-Baptiste , Ducroc Robert , Regnault Béatrice , Kun Tan Chek , Duszka Kalina , Burcelin Rémy , Wahli Walter , Sansonetti Philippe J. , Pédron Thierry 
Published: September 2016

Significance
Our study aimed at exploring the intersection of high-fat diet, mucosal immune defenses, and microbiota. It remains unclear how diet imbalance toward excessive fat intake leads to secondary pathological effects on host physiology through the microbiota. We show that a short period of consumption of high-fat diet alters the small-intestinal defenses and that the biochemistry of the ileum is drastically modified, leading to physiological changes close to that observed in cystic fibrosis. We identified peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ as major regulator of mucosal defenses upon exposure to fat excess. As a result, our work provides a fundamental understanding of the underlying cause of severe chronic disorders associated with Western diet.