bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intestinal Epithelial Ecto-5′-Nucleotidase (CD73) Regulates Intestinal Colonization and Infection by Nontyphoidal Salmonella
Authors: Kao Daniel J. , Saeedi Bejan J. , Kitzenberg David , Burney Krista M. , Dobrinskikh Evgenia , Battista Kayla D. , Vázquez-Torres Andrés , Colgan Sean P. , Kominsky Douglas J. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT

Ecto-5′-nucleotidase (CD73) is expressed abundantly on the apical surface of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and functions as the terminal enzyme in the generation of extracellular adenosine. Previous work demonstrated that adenosine signaling in IECs results in a number of tissue-protective effects during inflammation; however, a rationale for its apical expression has been lacking. We hypothesized that the highly polarized expression of CD73 is indicative of an important role for extracellular adenosine as a mediator of host-microbe interactions. We show that adenosine harbors bacteriostatic activity against
Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhimurium that is not shared by the related purine metabolite 5′-AMP, inosine, or hypoxanthine. Analysis of
Salmonella
colonization in IEC-specific CD73 knockout mice (
CD73

f/f

Villin

Cre

) revealed a nearly 10-fold increase in colonization compared to that in controls. Despite the increased luminal colonization by
Salmonella
,
CD73

f/f

Villin

Cre

mice were protected against
Salmonella
colitis and showed reduced
Salmonella
burdens in viscera, suggesting that adenosine promotes dissemination. The knockdown of CD73 expression in cultured IECs resulted in dramatic defects in intraepithelial localization and replication as well as defective transepithelial translocation by
Salmonella
. In conclusion, we define a novel antimicrobial activity of adenosine in the gastrointestinal tract and unveil an important role for adenosine as a regulator of host-microbe interactions. These findings have broad implications for the development of new therapeutic agents for infectious disease.
Ab initio calculations on structural and electronic transport properties of six-atom GaN clusters
Authors: Song Jinfeng , Long Xiaojiang , Hao Yanjun , Zhu Jun , Guo Yundong 
Published: July 2017

The structural and electronic transport properties of GaxNy ([Formula: see text]) clusters are investigated in the framework of density functional theory (DFT). To get their most stable structures, a strategy of particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is adopted. It is found that the most stable cluster’s binding energy and HOMO–LUMO gap energy decrease with Ga atom’s number in cluster increasing. The electronic transport properties of the clusters connected with two Al(100) electrodes are obtained by a method of combining nonequilibrium Green’s function (NEGF) with DFT. Equilibrium conductance of all six-atom GaN cluster is low (less than 0.65 G0), and Ga2N4 has the highest one (0.635 G0). Significant negative differential resistance (NDR) phenomenon is observed in configurations with cluster Ga2N4, Ga3N3 and Ga5N1, and these three clusters have almost the same current value in voltage region from 0.8 V to 1.3 V.
Structural and optical properties of AgIn5S8
Authors: Rincón Carlos A. Durante , Durán Larissa T. , Medina Josefa Estévez , Castro Jaime A. , León Máximo , Fermín Jose R. 
Published: July 2017

Compounds of the chalcogenide family Ag–In–VI (VI = S, Se, Te) are interesting materials due to their stoichiometric stability and potential application in nonlinear optics and solar cells. A polycrystalline ingot of AgIn5S8, an ordered vacancy semiconductor, was prepared by direct fusion of the stoichiometric mixture of the elements in an evacuated quartz ampoule. The presence of a single phase with cubic structure was confirmed by X-ray powder diffraction at room temperature. The lattice parameter, [Formula: see text], was calculated, giving 10.821750 Å. Samples in evacuated quartz ampoules were used to perform Differential Thermal Analysis measurements, showing congruent melting at 1110[Formula: see text]C. Transmittance and reflectivity measurements were used to calculate the absorption coefficient [Formula: see text]. From the plot of ([Formula: see text])2 versus [Formula: see text], two direct transitions are observed at 1.25 eV and 1.88 eV. While the higher energy direct transition has been observed by other authors, the direct nature of the lower energy transition was confirmed from the fitting of the plot of the reflectivity versus 1/[Formula: see text] between 0.53 eV[Formula: see text] (1.89 eV) and 0.55 eV[Formula: see text] (1.82 eV), obtaining a value of 1.29 eV. The real refractive index [Formula: see text] and the high-frequency dielectric constant [Formula: see text] were also obtained from the fit of the reflectivity, resulting to be 2.68 and 7.2, respectively.
Ab initio hybrid DFT calculations of BaTiO3 bulk and BaO-terminated (001) surface F-centers
Authors: Sokolov M. , Eglitis R. I. , Piskunov S. , Zhukovskii Yu. F. 
Published: July 2017

Using a supercell model and a hybrid B3PW exchange-correlation functional, we have performed first principles calculations for the F-center in the BaTiO3 bulk and on the BaO-terminated (001) surface. We find that two Ti atoms nearest to the bulk F-center are repulsed, while nearest eight oxygen and four barium atoms relax toward the oxygen vacancy (by 1.06, 0.71 and 0.08% of the lattice constant [Formula: see text], respectively). The magnitudes of atomic displacements around the F-center located on the BaO-terminated (001) surface in most cases (except for Ti) are larger than those around the bulk F-center (0.1, 1.4 and 1.0% of [Formula: see text], respectively). Our calculated BaTiO3 bulk [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] bandgap of 3.55 eV is in an acceptable agreement with the respective experimental bandgap value of 3.2 eV. The pristine BaO-terminated (001) surface [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] bandgap (3.49 eV) is reduced with respect to the bulk bandgap value. The bulk and BaO-terminated (001) surface F-center bands in BaTiO3 matrix are located only at 0.23 eV and 0.07 eV under the conduction band (CB) bottom, indicating that the F-center is a shallow donor. The F-center in the BaTiO3 bulk contains charge of 1.103[Formula: see text], whereas slightly less charge, only 1.052[Formula: see text], are localized inside the F-center on the BaO-terminated (001) surface. Our calculations demonstrate considerable increase of the chemical bond covalency between the BaTiO3 bulk F-center and its two nearest Ti atoms equal to 0.320[Formula: see text], and even larger increase for BaO-terminated (001) surface F-center and its nearest Ti atom 0.480[Formula: see text], in comparison to the relevant Ti–O chemical bond covalency in the perfect BaTiO3 bulk 0.100[Formula: see text]. The difference between F-center formation energy in BaTiO3 bulk (10.3 eV) and on the BaO-terminated (001) surface (10.2 eV) trigger the segregation of the F-center from the bulk toward the BaO-terminated (001) surface.
CTLA4 Promotes Tyk2-STAT3–Dependent B-cell Oncogenicity
Authors: Herrmann Andreas , Lahtz Christoph , Nagao Toshikage , Song Joo Y. , Chan Wing C. , Lee Heehyoung , Yue Chanyu , Look Thomas , Mülfarth Ronja , Li Wenzhao , Jenkins Kurt , Williams John , Budde Lihua E. , Forman Stephen , Kwak Larry , Blankenstein Thomas , Yu Hua 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
CTL–associated antigen 4 (CTLA4) is a well-established immune checkpoint for antitumor immune responses. The protumorigenic function of CTLA4 is believed to be limited to T-cell inhibition by countering the activity of the T-cell costimulating receptor CD28. However, as we demonstrate here, there are two additional roles for CTLA4 in cancer, including via CTLA4 overexpression in diverse B-cell lymphomas and in melanoma-associated B cells. CTLA4-CD86 ligation recruited and activated the JAK family member Tyk2, resulting in STAT3 activation and expression of genes critical for cancer immunosuppression and tumor growth and survival. CTLA4 activation resulted in lymphoma cell proliferation and tumor growth, whereas silencing or antibody-blockade of CTLA4 in B-cell lymphoma tumor cells in the absence of T cells inhibits tumor growth. This inhibition was accompanied by reduction of Tyk2/STAT3 activity, tumor cell proliferation, and induction of tumor cell apoptosis. The CTLA4–Tyk2–STAT3 signal pathway was also active in tumor-associated nonmalignant B cells in mouse models of melanoma and lymphoma. Overall, our results show how CTLA4-induced immune suppression occurs primarily via an intrinsic STAT3 pathway and that CTLA4 is critical for B-cell lymphoma proliferation and survival. Cancer Res; 77(18); 5118–28. ©2017 AACR.
TBK1 Provides Context-Selective Support of the Activated AKT/mTOR Pathway in Lung Cancer
Authors: Cooper Jonathan M. , Ou Yi-Hung , McMillan Elizabeth A. , Vaden Rachel M. , Zaman Aubhishek , Bodemann Brian O. , Makkar Gurbani , Posner Bruce A. , White Michael A. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Emerging observations link dysregulation of TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) to developmental disorders, inflammatory disease, and cancer. Biochemical mechanisms accounting for direct participation of TBK1 in host defense signaling have been well described. However, the molecular underpinnings of the selective participation of TBK1 in a myriad of additional cell biological systems in normal and pathophysiologic contexts remain poorly understood. To elucidate the context-selective role of TBK1 in cancer cell survival, we employed a combination of broad-scale chemogenomic and interactome discovery strategies to generate data-driven mechanism-of-action hypotheses. This approach uncovered evidence that TBK1 supports AKT/mTORC1 pathway activation and function through direct modulation of multiple pathway components acting both upstream and downstream of the mTOR kinase itself. Furthermore, we identified distinct molecular features in which mesenchymal, Ras-mutant lung cancer is acutely dependent on TBK1-mediated support of AKT/mTORC1 pathway activation for survival. Cancer Res; 77(18); 5077–94. ©2017 AACR.
Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor-1 Promotes Environment-Mediated and Acquired Chemoresistance
Authors: Lifshitz Veronica , Priceman Saul J. , Li Wenzhao , Cherryholmes Gregory , Lee Heehyoung , Makovski-Silverstein Adar , Borriello Lucia , DeClerck Yves A. , Yu Hua 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Drug resistance is a major barrier for the development of effective and durable cancer therapies. Overcoming this challenge requires further defining the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying drug resistance, both acquired and environment-mediated drug resistance (EMDR). Here, using neuroblastoma (NB), a childhood cancer with high incidence of recurrence due to resistance to chemotherapy, as a model we show that human bone marrow–mesenchymal stromal cells induce tumor expression of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-1 (S1PR1), leading to their resistance to chemotherapy. Targeting S1PR1 by shRNA markedly enhances etoposide-induced apoptosis in NB cells and abrogates EMDR, while overexpression of S1PR1 significantly protects NB cells from multidrug-induced apoptosis via activating JAK–STAT3 signaling. Elevated S1PR1 expression and STAT3 activation are also observed in human NB cells with acquired resistance to etoposide. We show in vitro and in human NB xenograft models that treatment with FTY720, an FDA-approved drug and antagonist of S1PR1, dramatically sensitizes drug-resistant cells to etoposide. In summary, we identify S1PR1 as a critical target for reducing both EMDR and acquired chemoresistance in NB. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(11); 2516–27. ©2017 AACR.
Validation of analytical method for determination of furosemide in extemporaneous syrup
Authors: Alfred-Ugbenbo D. , Zdoryk O. A. , Georgiyants V. A. 
Published: July 2017

Introduction. Extreme syrups can be manufactured using substances or ready medicinal drugs as the active pharmaceutical ingredient. There is a necessity in the development and validation of analytical methods that can be used for quality control of pharmaceutical manufacturing of syrups containing furosemide.The aim of the study – to develop and validate assay method for furosemide in extemporaneous syrups prepared from both pure substance and finished products. Methods of the research. For proposed UV spectrophotometric assay method the conditions of analysis, sample preparation and validation characteristics were defined. Suspensions of substance and crushed commercial tablets were dissolved in 0.1 M sodium hydroxide solution and evaluated spectrophotometrically in ultraviolet region of light at a wavelength 271 nm using method of specific absorbance.Results and Discussion. Samples comply with the Beer-Lambert Bouguer law within the concentration range of 8×10-3 – 1.2×10-2 mg/ml with correlation coefficients ≥ 0.9981. The uncertainty of the methods was well within the critical value of the error (0.72 %≤ maxΔAs) for both samples of syrup containing pure substance and commercial tablets. Recovery studies for furosemide in syrup samples of substance and crushed commercial tablets yielded 99.92 ±0.54 % and 99.14±0.16 % respectively. Assay limit of ±10 % by the validation parameters: specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy within the range of 80–120 % of the nominal contents was met by all compounded preparations.Conclusions. The results of validation proved that this method can be reproduced correctly and is suitable for use in pharmaceutical analysis. Adoption of this method is planned in evaluating uniformity of content and, in combination of other methods, ascertain chemical stability study of compounded furosemide syrups.
Early Dysphagia Screening by Trained Nurses Reduces Pneumonia Rate in Stroke Patients
Authors: Palli Christoph , Fandler Simon , Doppelhofer Kathrin , Niederkorn Kurt , Enzinger Christian , Vetta Christian , Trampusch Esther , Schmidt Reinhold , Fazekas Franz , Gattringer Thomas 
Published: July 2017

Background and Purpose—
Dysphagia is a common stroke symptom and leads to serious complications such as aspiration and pneumonia. Early dysphagia screening can reduce these complications. In many hospitals, dysphagia screening is performed by speech–language therapists who are often not available on weekends/holidays, which results in delayed dysphagia assessment.

Methods—
We trained the nurses of our neurological department to perform formal dysphagia screening in every acute stroke patient by using the Gugging Swallowing Screen. The impact of a 24/7 dysphagia screening (intervention) over swallowing assessment by speech–language therapists during regular working hours only was compared in two 5-month periods with time to dysphagia screening, pneumonia rate, and length of hospitalization as outcome variables.

Results—

Overall, 384 patients (mean age, 72.3±13.7 years; median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score of 3) were included in the study. Both groups (pre-intervention, n=198 versus post-intervention, n=186) were comparable regarding age, sex, and stroke severity. Time to dysphagia screening was significantly reduced in the intervention group (median, 7 hours; range, 1–69 hours) compared with the control group (median, 20 hours; range, 1–183;
P
=0.001). Patients in the intervention group had a lower rate of pneumonia (3.8% versus 11.6%;
P
=0.004) and also a reduced length of hospital stay (median, 8 days; range, 2–40 versus median, 9 days; range, 1–61 days;
P
=0.033).

Conclusions—
24/7 dysphagia screening can be effectively performed by nurses and leads to reduced pneumonia rates. Therefore, empowering nurses to do a formal bedside screening for swallowing dysfunction in stroke patients timely after admission is warranted whenever speech–language therapists are not available.
Two new subfamilies in Lamiaceae
Authors: LI BO , OLMSTEAD RICHARD G. 
Published: July 2017

Two new subfamilies, Callicarpoideae Bo Li & R.G.Olmstead and Tectonoideae Bo Li & R.G.Olmstead, are established within the mint family. Their morphology, distribution, generic and species diversity, homotypic tribes, and phylogenetic position are noted.
A Successful Practical Experience with Dedicated Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites GOES-10 and -12 Supporting Brazil
Authors: Costa Simone M. S. , Negri Renato G. , Ferreira Nelson J. , Schmit Timothy J. , Arai Nelson , Flauber Wagner , Ceballos Juan , Vila Daniel , Rodrigues Jurandir , Machado Luiz A. , Pereira Sérgio , Bottino Marcus Jorge , Sismanoglu Raffi Agop , Langden Pedro 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis paper summarizes the successful use of Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-10 (GOES-10) and -12 (GOES-12), mainly beyond their retirement as operational satellites in the United States, in support of meteorological activities in South America (SA). These satellites were maneuvered by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to approximately 60°W, enabling other countries in Central and South America to benefit from their ongoing measurements. The extended usefulness of GOES-10 and -12 was only possible as a result of a new image geolocalization system developed by NOAA for correcting image distortions and evaluated in collaboration with the Brazilian National Institute for Space Research. The extension allowed GOES-10 and -12 to monitor SA for an additional 7 years proving the efficiency of this navigation capability implemented for the first time in the GOES series well beyond the expected satellites’ lifetime. Such successful capability is incorporated in the new-generation GOES-R series. This practical and technological experience shows the importance of communication between scientists from the United States and SA for advancing Earth’s monitoring system through the development of novel software and derived products. For SA in particular, GOES-10 and -12 were employed operationally to monitor dry spells, relevant for agriculture and forest fire management and to nowcast severe weather for flash flood warnings. Additionally, GOES-12 detected the first registered tropical hurricane over the Brazilian coast. This paper describes some of the technical and operational challenges faced in extending the GOES-10 and -12 missions to provide coverage over South America and emphasizes the usefulness of their ongoing measurements benefiting Brazilian environmental monitoring.
Nonparametric Estimation of Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) In The Context of Phase I Clinical Trials
Authors: Dewanji Anup , Basak Gopal K. , Biswas Atanu 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT: With the advent of technology, as there seems to be no reason not to implement a trial with a continuous domain of doses and varying step sizes, we provide a non-parametric methodology for such trials that aims to estimate Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) in the phase I clinical trials. We further provide extensive simulations for logistic and probit models with various parameter values to obtain a pseudo sample size for better design of the trials. We also illustrate a bootstrap method to obtain an estimate of the variance and the bias of our estimator.
Regression Diagnostics for Autocorrelated Models with Moving Average Errors
Authors: Guria Sibnarayan 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT: Autocorrelation in a regression model is a common phenomenon in most practical studies. The presence of autocorrelated errors require the use of the generalized least-squares technique in estimating the regression coefficients. Using the deletion technique in checking for outliers in such a model leads to the disruption of the error structure. In this paper we take account of this disruption in studying the diagnostics of a regression model whose errors follow a first-order moving average process.
Tsallis Entropy Properties of Record Values
Authors: Paul Jerin , Thomas P. YAGEEN 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT: This paper provides Tsallis entropy of record values. Its important properties are analysed and a characterization theorem is established. Further we derived expressions for Tsallis entropy of concomitants of record values arising from the Farlie-Gumbel-Morgenstern family of distributions and for residual Tsallis entropy of record values are also derived.
An Ordering Policy for Deteriorating Items with Hybrid Demand Under Permissible Delay in Payment and Price Inflation
Authors: Maity Hare KRISHNA , Pal Manisha 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT: The paper studies an in ventory model for deteriorating items under price inflation and permissible delay in payment. The demand rate is assumed to be hybrid, which is observed for commodities like coffee, cotton, tin, copper, wristwatch, automobile, etc. The model is studied over a finite planning horizon with unequal cycle lengths. A solution procedure is indicated to determine the optimal number of replenishments, cycle times and optimal order quantities.
Influence of Acids on the Delayed-Action Characteristics of Amine Catalysts
Authors: Diblitz K. , Diblitz C. 
Published: July 2017

This paper reports the way different combinations of organic acids and tertiary amines work as catalysts in various polyurethane systems. The term "delayed action" is defined with examples of model reactions and commercially available polyurethane formulations. The effects on the reaction parameters in several foam systems and one elastomeric formulation will be presented. From amongst the broad range of amine catalysts we chose the following for our study: * 33.3% solution of triethylene diamine in dipropylene glycol THANCAT TD 33 A ## * methylazanorbornane as pure substance THANCAT AN 10 or a 33.3% solution in dipropylene glycol ##
Zero-ODP Rigid Insulation Foams Prepared with HFAs
Authors: Yu-Hallada L. C. , Reichel C. J. 
Published: July 2017

The industry is continuously being challenged by regulatory agencies to find alternatives to CFCs (chlorofluoro-carbons) for use in all applications. Two solutions investigated were to replace CFCs with HCFCs (hydrochloro-fluorocar-bons or PFAs (perfluoroalkanes). However, the contribution of HCFCs to the depletion of the ozone layer has been determined to be too high for them to be viewed as anything but an intermediate solution. PFAs have been getting attention for their high halogen global warming potential (HGWP) due to their long atmospheric lifetime and, thus, seem unlikely even as additives. At this time, it appears that both HCFCs and PFAs have a finite usage period in our industry. In our search for alternatives, we have discovered that HFAs (hydrofluoroal-kanes or partially fluorinated alkanes) make fine, closed cell foams. As a result of this, HFA-blown rigid foams at 2.0 pcf density or lower have low initial k-factors (0.13 Btu in./hr ft20F). Aged k-factors are excellent because of the relatively slow cell gas diffusion of HFAs. These insulation values are similar to or better than those of foams made with HCFCs and PFAs! The advantage to this technology is that HFAs have zero-ozone depletion potential (ODP) and relatively low HGWP, making HFAs viable long-term alternatives. Processing of the alternatives evaluated is similar to HCFC-22 technology, because the HFAs used in this investigation are gases at room temperature and pressure. The HFAs examined in this study were HFA-32, 134a, 125, and 227. These HFAs all show the same characteristics of low solubility, low blowing efficiency, and higher working vapor pressures; therefore, emulsion technology was used (as with PFAs). Good quality foams were produced without utilizing special compatibilizers.