bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of anthropogenic influence on the intensity of extreme temperatures in China
Authors: Yin Hong , Sun Ying , Wan Hui , Zhang Xuebin , Lu Chunhui 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTThe anthropogenic (ANT) influence on the intensity of temperature extremes in China is detected over the period 1958–2012 using the newest homogenized daily observation data set and multi‐model simulations from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). We applied an optimal fingerprinting method to compare spatial–temporal changes in the intensity of temperature extremes, including annual maxima of daily maximum and daily minimum temperatures (warmest day and night, TXx and TNx) and annual minima of daily maximum and daily minimum temperatures (coldest day and night, TXn and TNn). For China as a whole, the results show that the ANT influence can be robustly detected in all four extreme indices. The ANT signal is also clearly separable from the response to natural‐only (NAT) forcing in the two‐signal analyses. The NAT signal was detectable for the warmest night TNx but not for other indices. At smaller regional scales for Eastern and Western China, the ANT signals were also clearly detected in the changes of temperature extremes. With the use of more observational data and multi‐model simulations, this study updates a previous work and confirms that the human influence can be robustly detected in the changes of extreme temperature intensity in China.
Home‐Based Exercise Training Improves Left Ventricle Diastolic Function in Survivors of Childhood ALL: A Tissue Doppler and Velocity Vector Imaging Study
Authors: Järvelä Liisa S. , Saraste Markku , Niinikoski Harri , Hannukainen Jarna C. , Heinonen Olli J. , Lähteenmäki Päivi M. , Arola Mikko , Kemppainen Jukka 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundAdvanced echocardiographic methods may reveal signs of late anthracycline cardiac toxicity (ACT) even in asymptomatic patients. We studied echocardiographic tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) and velocity vector imaging (VVI) in long‐term survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) before and after an exercise intervention.MethodsTwenty‐one asymptomatic, anthracycline‐treated, long‐term childhood ALL survivors with matched controls were studied at baseline. Seventeen of the survivors participated in a 3‐month home‐based exercise program. Echocardiography with TDI and VVI was performed.ResultsAt baseline, ejection fraction (60.7 ± 4.7% vs. 62.3 ± 3.7%, P = 0.22) and fractional shortening (32.6 ± 3.1% vs. 34.0 ± 2.8%, P = 0.13) were similar in survivors and controls. Lateral early diastolic mitral annulus velocity E′ (32.81 ± 5.71 cm/sec vs. 38.03 ± 6.21 cm/sec, P = 0.01), E′/A′ (1.60 ± 0.48 vs. 2.07 ± 0.63, P = 0.01), and E/E′ (2.78 ± 0.35 vs. 2.42 ± 0.62, P = 0.04) were impaired compared to controls. Peak circumferential strain and strain rate were attenuated at apex (–24.50 ± 3.46% vs. –28.06 ± 4.39%, P = 0.01 and –1.47 ± 0.22 sec–1 vs. –1.68 ± 0.33 sec–1, P = 0.02) compared to controls. After the intervention, early diastolic mitral inflow velocity E (87.76 ± 12.54 cm/s vs. 95.28 ± 10.48 cm/s, P = 0.04) and E′ increased (31.78 ± 5.50 cm/s vs. 34.96 ± 5.41 cm/s, P < 0.01). Peak circumferential systolic and diastolic strain rates at mid‐level (–1.22 ± 0.21 sec–1 vs. –1.35 ± 0.24 sec–1, P = 0.04 and 1.25 ± 0.25 sec–1 vs. 1.48 ± 0.35 sec–1, P < 0.01) improved after the exercise program.ConclusionsA simple home‐based exercise program improved cardiac function in asymptomatic childhood ALL survivors. Adding TDI in routine echocardiographic examination may improve the recognition of early signs of ACT, and VVI may bring additional information. The improvements in cardiac function after the exercise program emphasize the importance of physical activity in this population.
The Role of Childhood Infections and Immunizations on Childhood Rhabdomyosarcoma: A Report From the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Sankaran Hari , Danysh Heather E. , Scheurer Michael E. , Okcu M. Fatih , Skapek Stephen X. , Hawkins Douglas S. , Spector Logan G. , Erhardt Erik B. , Grufferman Seymour , Lupo Philip J. 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundRhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a rare, highly malignant tumor arising from primitive mesenchymal cells that differentiate into skeletal muscle. Relatively little is known about RMS susceptibility. Based on growing evidence regarding the role of early immunologic challenges on RMS development, we evaluated the role of infections and immunizations on this clinically significant pediatric malignancy.ProcedureRMS cases (n = 322) were enrolled from the third trial coordinated by the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study Group. Population‐based controls (n = 322) were pair matched to cases on race, sex, and age. The following immunizations were assessed: diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus (DPT); measles, mumps, and rubella; and oral polio vaccine. We also evaluated if immunizations were complete versus incomplete. We examined selected infections including chickenpox, mumps, pneumonia, scarlet fever, rubella, rubeola, pertussis, mononucleosis, and lung infections. Conditional logistic regression models were used to calculate an odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for each exposure, adjusted for maternal education and total annual income.ResultsIncomplete immunization schedules (OR = 5.30, 95% CI: 2.47–11.33) and incomplete DPT immunization (OR = 1.56, 95% CI: 1.06–2.29) were positively associated with childhood RMS. However, infections did not appear to be associated with childhood RMS.ConclusionsThis is the largest study of RMS to date demonstrating a possible protective effect of immunizations against the development of childhood RMS. Further studies are needed to validate our findings. Our findings add to the growing body of literature, suggesting a protective role of routine vaccinations in childhood cancer and specifically in childhood RMS.
CAPR: context‐aware participant recruitment mechanism in mobile crowdsourcing
Authors: Zhang Hongli , Xu Zhikai , Du Xiaojiang , Zhou Zhigang , Shi Jiantao 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWith the advances of sensing, wireless communication, and mobile computing, mobile crowdsourcing has become a new paradigm for data collection and retrieval that has attracted considerable attention. This paper addresses the fundamental research issue in mobile crowdsourcing: Which participants should be selected as winners in each time slot with the aim of maximizing the total utility of the service provider in the long term? First, a double‐sided combinatorial auction model is introduced to describe the relationships between the mobile users and requesters from the perspective of supply and demand at a given time. Then, the coupling between the utility values of the system in different time slots is investigated. Based on the aforementioned analyses, this paper proposes a context‐aware participant recruitment mechanism, in which the mobile crowdsourcing system dynamically adjusts the participant recruitment mechanism depending on the ratio between the numbers of mobile users and requesters. Context‐aware participant recruitment consists of two main components: (1) a heuristic algorithm based on the greedy strategy to determine the winning participants and (2) a critical payment scheme, which guarantees the rationality of the proposed mechanism. Finally, extensive simulations demonstrate that the proposed mechanism achieves high system utility in the long term. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exosome‐mediated small RNA delivery for gene therapy
Authors: Zhou Yu , Zhou Geyu , Tian Chenfei , Jiang Waner , Jin Ling , Zhang Chenyu , Chen Xi 
Published: May 2016

Small RNAs, including small interfering RNAs (siRNA) and microRNAs (miRNA), are emerging as promising therapeutic drugs against a wide array of diseases. The key obstacle for the successful clinical application of small RNAs is to develop a safe delivery system directed at the target tissues only. Current small RNA transfer techniques use viruses or synthetic agents as delivery vehicles. The replacement of these delivery vehicles with a low toxicity and high target‐specific approach is essential for making small RNA therapy feasible. Because exosomes have the intrinsic ability to traverse biological barriers and to naturally transport functional small RNAs between cells, they represent a novel and exciting delivery vehicle for the field of small RNA therapy. As therapeutic delivery agents, exosomes will potentially be better tolerated by the immune system because they are natural nanocarriers derived from endogenous cells. Furthermore, exosomes derived from genetically engineered cells can deliver small RNAs to target tissues and cells. Thus, exosome‐based delivery of small RNAs may provide an untapped, effective delivery strategy to overcome impediments such as inefficiency, nonspecificity, and immunogenic reactions. In this review, we briefly describe how exosomal small RNAs function in recipient cells. Furthermore, we provide an update and overview of new findings that reveal the potential applications of exosome‐based small RNA delivery as therapeutics in clinical settings. WIREs RNA 2016, 7:758–771. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1363This article is categorized under:

RNA Export and Localization > RNA Localization
Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNAs
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
Advantage of Sodium Polyoxyethylene Lauryl Ether Carboxylate as a Mild Cleansing Agent
Authors: Ozawa Toshiaki , Endo Koji , Masui Takashi , Miyaki Masahiro , Matsuo Keiko , Yamada Shinji 
Published: May 2016

AbstractFive anionic surfactants widely used in commercial skin cleansers were studied: sodium polyoxyethylene lauryl ether carboxylate (EC), sodium polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfate (ES), sodium dodecyl sulfate, potassium laurate, and N‐cocoyl‐l‐glutamic acid monosodium salt. The amount of surfactant from aqueous solution adsorbed into the stratum corneum (SC), the degree of SC swelling, the change of the secondary structure of SC proteins (denaturation). The surface tension of surfactant–zein mixed solutions, and the solubilization behavior of zein were measured. Results showed that EC had the lowest adsorption into SC, the lowest SC swelling, and lowest denaturation of SC proteins. Low interactions between surfactants and SC proteins were also observed for EC/ES mixture solutions as well as. Mixing EC with ES good foaming performance. The EC/ES mixture, at about 1:1 ratio, is an excellent surfactant system for skin cleanser applications having cleansing characteristics and mildness to the skin.
Effects of dietary milk- and soya-phospholipids on lipid-parameters and other risk indicators for cardiovascular diseases in overweight or obese men – two double-blind, randomised, controlled, clinical trials
Authors: Weiland Anne , Bub Achim , Barth Stephan W. , Schrezenmeir Juergen , Pfeuffer Maria 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe present study examined the effect of milk phospholipids (milk-PL) on lipid metabolism and on other risk factors for CVD, in comparison with milk fat (control) or soya phospholipids (soya-PL), respectively. Two double-blind parallel-group intervention trials were conducted in overweight or obese male subjects. In the first trial (trial 1), sixty-two men consumed milk enriched with either 2 g milk-PL or 2 g milk fat (control) for 8 weeks. In trial 2, fifty-seven men consumed milk enriched with either 3 g milk-PL or 2·8 g soya-PL for 7 weeks. In trial 1, milk-PL as compared with control reduced waist circumference but did not affect plasma lipids (total, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol ratio, TAG, phospholipids), apoB, apoA1, glucose, insulin, insulin sensitivity index, C-reactive protein, IL-6, soluble intracellular adhesion molecule and total homocysteine (tHcy). Serum activities of alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase were not changed. Activity of γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT), a marker of fatty liver, increased in the control but not in the milk-PL group, with a significant intervention effect. In trial 2, milk-PL as compared with soya-PL did not affect the above-mentioned parameters, but decreased GGT. Subjects with the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase mutations CT and TT had 11 % (P < 0·05) higher baseline tHcy concentrations than those with the wild-type CC. However, genotype did not modulate the phospholipid intervention effect on tHcy. In conclusion, supplementation with milk-PL as compared with control fat reduced waist circumference and, as compared with both control fat and soya-PL, GGT activity.
Dietary selenium intake and mortality in two population-based cohort studies of 133 957 Chinese men and women
Authors: Sun Jiang-Wei , Shu Xiao-Ou , Li Hong-Lan , Zhang Wei , Gao Jing , Zhao Long-Gang , Zheng Wei , Xiang Yong-Bing 
Published: May 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the potential influence of dietary Se intake on mortality among Chinese populations.DesignWe prospectively evaluated all-cause, CVD and cancer mortality risks associated with dietary Se intake in participants of the Shanghai Women’s Health Study (SWHS) and the Shanghai Men’s Health study (SMHS). Dietary Se intake was assessed by validated FFQ during in-person interviews. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95 % CI.SettingUrban city in China.SubjectsChinese adults (n133 957).ResultsDuring an average follow-up of 13·90 years in the SWHS and 8·37 years in the SMHS, 5749 women and 4217 men died. The mean estimated dietary Se intake was 45·48 μg/d for women and 51·34 μg/d for men, respectively. Dietary Se intake was inversely associated with all-cause mortality and CVD mortality in both women and men, with respective HR for the highest compared with the lowest quintile being 0·79 (95 % CI 0·71, 0·88;Ptrend<0·0001) and 0·80 (95 % CI 0·66, 0·98;Ptrend=0·0268) for women, and 0·79 (95 % CI 0·70, 0·89;Ptrend=0·0001) and 0·66 (95 % CI 0·54, 0·82;Ptrend=0·0002) for men. No significant associations were observed for cancer mortality in both women and men. Results were similar in subgroup and sensitivity analyses.ConclusionsDietary Se intake was inversely associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in both sexes, but not cancer mortality.
Some remarks on number concept development in the Near East and Europe
Authors: Dzbyński Aleksander 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn this article I outline the analogies and the differences in number concept development in prehistoric Europe and in the Near East. Research on Near Eastern recording systems is far more advanced, and it provides us with a good theoretical approach. There are, however, more and more finds in Europe that deserve our attention when looking toward a theory of early number concepts, concepts of measure and mathematics. For archaeologists, there is an obvious requirement that such a theory has to be constructed on a material basis. Therefore in the second part of the text I describe some key finds from Europe that in my opinion allow us, on the one hand, to reference current theoretical approaches and, on the other, to connect theoretical considerations and their material basis.
The effect of leg position on the dose distribution of intracavitary brachytherapy for cervical cancer: 3D computerised tomography plan evaluation and in vivo dosimetric study
Authors: Cengiz Mustafa , Colak Fatma , Yildiz Demet , Dogan Ali , Ozyigit Gokhan , Yildiz Ferah , Gurkaynak Murat 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the impact of leg position on the dose distribution during intracavitary brachytherapy for cervical cancer.Patients and methodsThis prospective study was performed on 11 women with cervical cancer who underwent intracavitary brachytherapy. After insertion of the brachytherapy applicator, two sets of computed tomography slices were taken including pelvis, one with straight leg and one with leg flexion position with knee support. The dose (7 Gy) was prescribed to point A. The radiotherapy plan was run on the Plato Planning Software System V14·1 to get the dose distributions. Also, rectum and bladder doses were measured for both leg positions during the treatment. The doses and volumes of organs were compared via the Wilcoxon signed-rank test by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 11·5 statistical software.ResultsNo significant difference regarding the dose distributions and volumes of target, sigmoid and bladder due to leg position was observed, either on 3D planning or on in vivo dose measurements. However, there were significant differences for 25 and 50% isodose coverage of rectum in favour of straight leg position (p=0·026). There were no significant differences regarding maximum doses in any critical organ.ConclusionDifference in leg position caused only a small change in rectum dose distribution and did not cause any other change in either dose distributions or in vivo measured doses of both target and critical organs during cervical brachytherapy. Straight leg position appears better with regard to rectum dose.
Unbundling the Regime Complex: The Effects of Private Authority
Authors: Green Jessica F. , Auld Graeme 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe work on ‘regime complexes’ – loosely coupled regimes linked through non-hierarchical relationships – provides a lens for understanding the increasing density of international rules and institutions. However, the role of private authority in the regime complex – situations where non-state actors set rules or standards that other actors adopt – has only recently received academic attention. In this article, we ‘unbundle’ the concept of the regime complex in two novel ways. Firstly, we argue that an accurate depiction of any regime complex must also include private authority. Secondly, using examples from environmental governance, we carefully elaborate four specific mechanisms through which public and private authority interact, demonstrating the ways in which private authority can improve the problem-solving capacity of regime complexes. In short, a full understanding of the contributions of private authority to solving environmental problems requires examining its interactions with public rules and institutions.
ISPD produces CDP-ribitol used by FKTN and FKRP to transfer ribitol phosphate onto α-dystroglycan
Authors: Gerin Isabelle , Ury Benoît , Breloy Isabelle , Bouchet-Seraphin Céline , Bolsée Jennifer , Halbout Mathias , Graff Julie , Vertommen Didier , Muccioli Giulio G. , Seta Nathalie , Cuisset Jean-Marie , Dabaj Ivana , Quijano-Roy Susana , Grahn Ammi , Van Schaftingen Emile , Bommer Guido T. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMutations in genes required for the glycosylation of α-dystroglycan lead to muscle and brain diseases known as dystroglycanopathies. However, the precise structure and biogenesis of the assembled glycan are not completely understood. Here we report that three enzymes mutated in dystroglycanopathies can collaborate to attach ribitol phosphate onto α-dystroglycan. Specifically, we demonstrate that isoprenoid synthase domain-containing protein (ISPD) synthesizes CDP-ribitol, present in muscle, and that both recombinant fukutin (FKTN) and fukutin-related protein (FKRP) can transfer a ribitol phosphate group from CDP-ribitol to α-dystroglycan. We also show that ISPD and FKTN are essential for the incorporation of ribitol into α-dystroglycan in HEK293 cells. Glycosylation of α-dystroglycan in fibroblasts from patients with hypomorphic ISPD mutations is reduced. We observe that in some cases glycosylation can be partially restored by addition of ribitol to the culture medium, suggesting that dietary supplementation with ribitol should be evaluated as a therapy for patients with ISPD mutations.
The calcium sensor Copine-6 regulates spine structural plasticity and learning and memory
Authors: Reinhard Judith R. , Kriz Alexander , Galic Milos , Angliker Nico , Rajalu Mathieu , Vogt Kaspar E. , Ruegg Markus A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractHippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) represents the cellular response of excitatory synapses to specific patterns of high neuronal activity and is required for learning and memory. Here we identify a mechanism that requires the calcium-binding protein Copine-6 to translate the initial calcium signals into changes in spine structure. We show that Copine-6 is recruited from the cytosol of dendrites to postsynaptic spine membranes by calcium transients that precede LTP. Cpne6 knockout mice are deficient in hippocampal LTP, learning and memory. Hippocampal neurons from Cpne6 knockouts lack spine structural plasticity as do wild-type neurons that express a Copine-6 calcium mutant. The function of Copine-6 is based on its binding, activating and recruiting the Rho GTPase Rac1 to cell membranes. Consistent with this function, the LTP deficit of Cpne6 knockout mice is rescued by the actin stabilizer jasplakinolide. These data show that Copine-6 links activity-triggered calcium signals to spine structural plasticity necessary for learning and memory.
A genome-wide association scan implicates DCHS2, RUNX2, GLI3, PAX1 and EDAR in human facial variation
Authors: Adhikari Kaustubh , Fuentes-Guajardo Macarena , Quinto-Sánchez Mirsha , Mendoza-Revilla Javier , Camilo Chacón-Duque Juan , Acuña-Alonzo Victor , Jaramillo Claudia , Arias William , Lozano Rodrigo Barquera , Pérez Gastón Macín , Gómez-Valdés Jorge , Villamil-Ramírez Hugo , Hunemeier Tábita , Ramallo Virginia , Silva de Cerqueira Caio C. , Hurtado Malena , Villegas Valeria , Granja Vanessa , Gallo Carla , Poletti Giovanni , Schuler-Faccini Lavinia , Salzano Francisco M. , Bortolini Maria- Cátira , Canizales-Quinteros Samuel , Cheeseman Michael , Rosique Javier , Bedoya Gabriel , Rothhammer Francisco , Headon Denis , González-José Rolando , Balding David , Ruiz-Linares Andrés 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe report a genome-wide association scan for facial features in ∼6,000 Latin Americans. We evaluated 14 traits on an ordinal scale and found significant association (P values<5 × 10−8) at single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in four genomic regions for three nose-related traits: columella inclination (4q31), nose bridge breadth (6p21) and nose wing breadth (7p13 and 20p11). In a subsample of ∼3,000 individuals we obtained quantitative traits related to 9 of the ordinal phenotypes and, also, a measure of nasion position. Quantitative analyses confirmed the ordinal-based associations, identified SNPs in 2q12 associated to chin protrusion, and replicated the reported association of nasion position with SNPs in PAX3. Strongest association in 2q12, 4q31, 6p21 and 7p13 was observed for SNPs in the EDAR, DCHS2, RUNX2 and GLI3 genes, respectively. Associated SNPs in 20p11 extend to PAX1. Consistent with the effect of EDAR on chin protrusion, we documented alterations of mandible length in mice with modified Edar funtion.