bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polycyclische Aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe (PAH), schwerer flüchtige – Methode zur Bestimmung schwerer flüchtiger PAH in der Luft am Arbeitsplatz mittels Hochleistungsflüssigchromatographie (HPLC) [Air Monitoring Methods in German language, 2017]
Authors: Assenmacher‐Maiworm H. , Hahn J.‐U. , Heinrich B. , Schuh C. , Hebisch R. , Hartwig A. ,   MAK Commission
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis analytical method is a validated measurement procedure for the determination of six semi‐volatile polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) from the EPA list (US Environmental Protection Agency) such as benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene, dibenzo[a,h]anthracene, benzo[ghi]perylene, indeno[1,2,3‐cd]pyrene and also benzo[e]pyren in workplace air averaged over the sampling period after personal or stationary sampling. Sampling is performed by drawing a defined volume of air through a Teflon filter, which is inserted in a GSP sampling system. The collected PAH components are extracted with a mixture of acetonitrile/methanol and analysed by means of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection. The quantitative determination of the PAHs is based on calibration functions obtained by means of multiple‐point calibrations. The limit of quantification for an individual PAH is in the range from 0.0012 to 0.0043 µg/m3.
2,3‐Pentandion – Bestimmung von 2,3‐Pentandion in der Luft am Arbeitsplatz mittels Gaschromatographie‐Massenspektrometrie (GC‐MS) [Air Monitoring Methods in German language, 2017]
Authors: Schuh C. , Nitschke L. , Hebisch R. , Hartwig A. ,   MAK Commission
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis analytical method is a validated measurement procedure for the determination of 2,3‐pentanedione in workplace air in a concentration range of a tenth up to twice the currently valid MAK value of 0.083 mg/m3. Sampling is performed by drawing a defined volume of air through a silica gel tube using a suitable flow‐regulated pump. The flow rate is set to 0.33 L/min with a recommended air sample volume of approx. 20 L. For sampling 1 hour or 15 min (checking the short‐term value) can be used. The collected 2,3‐pentanedione is desorbed with acetone containing the internal standard cyclohexanone and then analysed by means of gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). The quantitative evaluation is based on a calibration function obtained by means of a 10‐point calibration using cyclohexanone as internal standard. The limit of quantification is 0.0025 mg/m3based on an air sample volume of approx. 20 L or 0.010 mg/m3based on an air sample volume of approx. 5 L (for short‐term value).
Beryllium and its inorganic compounds – Determination of beryllium in urine by atomic absorption spectrometry [Biomonitoring Methods, 2017]
Authors: Paul R. , Budnik L.T. , Göen T. , Hartwig A. ,   MAK Commission
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe working group „Analyses in Biological Materials“ of the Permanent Senate Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area verified the present biomonitoring method.This procedure describes a method for the determination of beryllium in urine by means of atomic absorption spectrometry using the graphite furnace technique with a pyrolytically coated graphite tube and Zeeman background correction. The acidified samples are homogenised and injected into the graphite tube without further sample preparation using an autosampler. Magnesium nitrate is used as a matrix modifier. After drying, pyrolysis and atomisation, the absorbance is measured at 234.9 nm. The beryllium concentration is quantified using either a calibration curve (method I) or the standard addition method (method II).The method was extensively validated and the reliability data were confirmed by independent laboratories, which have established and cross‐checked the whole procedure.
Dimethyl sulfoxide [MAK Value Documentation, 2017]
Authors: Hartwig A. ,   MAK Commission
Published: October 2017

Abstract

The German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has evaluated the possibility to add the indication “Prerequisite for Pregnancy Risk Group C” to the classification of Pregnancy Risk Group B for dimethyl sulfoxide [
67‐68‐5
] at the maximum concentration at the workplace (MAK value) of 50 ml/m
3
. The lowest NOAEL for developmental toxicity in rabbits is 300 mg/kg body weight/day, which after toxicokinetic scaling corresponds to a concentration of 268 ml/m
3
at the workplace. Liquid dimethyl sulfoxide penetrates the skin at the same rate as dimethylformamide. In addition to the amount taken up via the lung, it has to be assumed that the same amount of dimethyl sulfoxide is taken up via the skin from the gas phase as was shown with dimethylformamide in volunteers. Therefore, damage to the embryo or foetus is unlikely at the concentration of 12 l/m
3
and less. An exposure to this concentration would be the prerequisite for an assignment to Pregnancy Risk Group C.
A Multicolor Chameleon DNA‐templated Silver Nanocluster and Its Application for Ratiometric Fluorescence Target Detection with Exponential Signal Response
Authors: Zhou Weijun , Zhu Jinbo , Fan Daoqing , Teng Ye , Zhu Xiaoqing , Dong Shaojun 
Published: October 2017

AbstractFor the first time, a novel type of chameleon DNA‐templated silver nanocluster (AgNC) is found whose fluorescence color can be switched among yellow, orange, and red by the regulation of complementary DNA, nonfluorescent assistant AgNC as well as Mg2+. AgNC templated by A20‐C55 (A20‐C55‐NC) possesses strong yellow fluorescence (Y signal) in phosphate buffer solution. When approaching to the nonfluorescent assistant AgNC through template hybridization, Y signal decreases while a new red emission (R signal) rises, leading to a dramatic color change of AgNC solution from yellow to red. On the other hand, hybridization of A20‐C55‐NC with complementary DNA (T20) largely enhances the Y signal while A20‐C55‐NC shows R and Y signal with equal intensity simultaneously in the presence of Mg2+. Therefore, the chameleon AgNC achieves controllable multicolor fluorescence variation. Based on above mechanism, a series of ratiometric analysis platforms are constructed for DNA target detection. Surprisingly, the ratiometric probes demonstrate an exponential growth of signal response with nanomolar sensitivity whether in double‐stranded or hairpin‐shaped structure. Accordingly, this universal ratiometric analysis platform possesses low background, large signal variation in a narrow concentration range, which presents obvious advantages over most of previous DNA detection strategies that are based on DNA‐templated AgNC.
Engineered Paper‐Based Cell Culture Platforms
Authors: Lantigua Darlin , Kelly Yan Ni , Unal Baris , Camci‐Unal Gulden 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPaper is used in various applications in biomedical research including diagnostics, separations, and cell cultures. Paper can be conveniently engineered due to its tunable and flexible nature, and is amenable to high‐throughput sample preparation and analysis. Paper‐based platforms are used to culture primary cells, tumor cells, patient biopsies, stem cells, fibroblasts, osteoblasts, immune cells, bacteria, fungi, and plant cells. These platforms are compatible with standard analytical assays that are typically used to monitor cell behavior. Due to its thickness and porous nature, there are no mass transport limitations to/from the cells in paper scaffolds. It is possible to pattern paper in different scales (micrometer to centimeter), generate modular configurations in 3D, fabricate multicellular and compartmentalized tissue mimetics for clinical applications, and recover cells from the scaffolds for further analysis. 3D paper constructs can provide physiologically relevant tissue models for personalized medicine. Layer‐by layer strategies to assemble tissue‐like structures from low‐cost and biocompatible paper‐based materials offer unique opportunities that include understanding fundamental biology, developing disease models, and assembling different tissues for organ‐on‐paper applications. Paper‐based platforms can also be used for origami‐inspired tissue engineering. This work provides an overview of recent progress in engineered paper‐based biomaterials and platforms to culture and analyze cells.
Electron Microscopy Visualization of Vitronectin Adsorbed on COOH and NH2 Functionalized Surfaces: Distinctive Spatial Alignment and Regulated Cellular Responses
Authors: Hou Wenjia , Liu Yi , Zhang Botao , He Xiaoyan , Li Hua 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAdsorption of proteins associating with their conformational changes plays crucial roles in regulating biomaterial–cell interactions and consequent tissue responses to implanted biomaterials. This study reports direct visualization of typical serum protein, vitronectin, one of the key adhesive proteins that participate in mediating cell behaviors, upon adsorption on typically designed surfaces. Carbon films with their surfaces being plasma grafted functional groups COOH and NH2 are used as the model substrata for this study. Negative‐staining electron microscopy technique is employed for visualizing the adsorbed protein and 2D image classification is made and interpreted. Results show that adsorbed vitronectin tends to form multimer aggregate on the COOH‐grafted surfaces, exposing extensively its cell‐binding RGD (arginine‐glycine‐aspartic acid) motif for enhanced cell adhesion. The adsorbed vitronectin on the NH2‐grafted surface forms dimer aggregate with the binding sites being enwrapped. The COOH‐grafting triggers enhanced expressions of ITGA5, ITGAV, ITGB1, and ITGB3 of the adhered cells and this is likely attributed to the special spatial alignment of vitronectin upon adsorption. The conformational information of adsorbed vitronectin gained from the single particle electron microscopy analyses would shed light on design and construction of appropriate biomaterials surfaces for desired cellular behaviors.
Rational Analysis of Layered Oxide Power Performance Limitations in a Lithium Battery Application
Authors: Cabelguen Pierre‐Etienne , Peralta David , Cugnet Mikael , Badot Jean‐Claude , Dubrunfaut Olivier , Mailley Pascal 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to rationalize material geometry contribution on the electrochemical performances of four model LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 materials. A methodology combining the exhaustive microstructural characterization and the careful study of each component of the electrochemical process is established to discuss the limiting factors of power performances. Intuitions based on the exhaustive microstructural characterization are first confronted with the study, by cyclic voltammetry, of the rate‐limiting step of the electrochemical process. Depending on the microstructure, diffusion controlled electrochemical behavior is observed, which is expected in Li‐ion battery, and also charge‐transfer limitation even at extremely high scan rates. This second behavior surprisingly occurs for high surface area materials. Possible electronic limitations in these materials are explored using broadband dielectric spectroscopy. This unique technique shows that flake‐shaped, highly anisotropic, crystallites facilitate electronic motion at all scale levels compared to cuboidal crystallites. Charge‐transfer limitations are not electronic, but come from the material interface contribution to the electrochemical process. Numerical simulations allow quantifying the actual electroactive surface area. Between 15% and 30% of the BET surface area, corresponding to the thickness of the crystallites, are actually active.
Seasonal glucocorticoid production correlates with a suite of small‐magnitude environmental, demographic, and physiological effects in mandrills
Authors: Charpentier M. J. E. , Givalois L. , Faurie C. , Soghessa O. , Simon F. , Kappeler P. M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectivesThe activation of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis is a neuroendocrine response to external and internal changes that animals face on a predictable or unpredictable basis. Across species, variation in glucocorticoid production has been related to such changes. In this study, we investigated the predictable, seasonal sources of variation in the levels of fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (fGCM) in a large natural population of mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx) in Southern Gabon.Materials and methodsUsing five years of regular behavioral monitoring and hormone analyses performed on 1,233 fecal samples collected on 99 individuals of both sexes and all ages and General Linear Mixed Models, we studied the three main seasonal predictors of fGCM concentrations: (i) weather conditions, (ii) number of adult males, and (iii) female reproductive status. These three predictors all vary seasonally in mandrills.ResultsWe first showed an increase in fGCM concentrations during the short dry season while controlling for other factors. Pregnant females, which include the large majority of adult females at this time of the year, mainly drove this increase, although a combination of other small‐magnitude, season‐related effects linked to climatic events and demographic changes also partly explained this seasonal trend. Indeed, fGCM concentrations increased with both low temperatures (and low rainfall) and high numbers of adult males present in the group. These seasonal changes, while correlated, held true throughout the studied years and when restricting our analyses to a given season. Finally, we found that older mandrills showed on average higher fGCM concentrations than younger ones and that medium‐ranked females exhibited the highest levels of fGCMs.DiscussionThe observed patterns suggest that plasticity in mandrills’ metabolism in the form of glucocorticoid production allows them to adjust to predictable changes in climatic, demographic and physiological conditions by mobilizing and redirecting energetic resources toward appropriate, calibrated seasonal responses.
A comparative analysis of microscopic alterations in modern and ancient undecalcified and decalcified dry bones
Authors: Caruso Valentina , Cummaudo Marco , Maderna Emanuela , Cappella Annalisa , Caudullo Giorgio , Scarpulla Valentina , Cattaneo Cristina 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectivesThe present study aims to evaluate the preservation of the microstructure of skeletal remains collected from four different known burial sites (archaeological and contemporary). Histological analysis on undecalcified and decalcified thin sections was performed in order to assess which of the two techniques is more affected by taphonomic insults.Materials and MethodsA histological analysis was performed on both undecalcified and decalcified thin sections of 40 long bones and the degree of diagenetic change was evaluated using transmitted and polarized light microscopy according to the Oxford Histological Index (OHI). In order to test the optical behavior of bone tissue, thin sections were observed by polarized light microscopy and the intensity of birefringence was evaluated.ResultsThe more ancient samples are generally characterized by a low OHI (0–1) with extensive microscopic focal destruction; recent samples exhibited a better preservation of bone micromorphology. When comparing undecalcified to decalcified thin sections, the latter showed an amelioration in the conservation of microscopic structure. As regards the birefringence, it was very low in all the undecalcified thin sections, whereas decalcification process seems to improve its visibility.DiscussionThe preservation of the bone microscopic structure appears to be influenced not only by age, but also by the burial context. Undecalcified bones appear to be more affected by taphonomical alterations, probably because of the thickness of the thin sections; on the contrary, decalcified thin sections proved to be able to tackle this issue allowing a better reading of the bone tissue.
High‐Pressure Band‐Gap Engineering in Lead‐Free Cs2AgBiBr6 Double Perovskite
Authors: Li Qian , Wang Yonggang , Pan Weicheng , Yang Wenge , Zou Bo , Tang Jiang , Quan Zewei 
Published: October 2017

AbstractNovel inorganic lead‐free double perovskites with improved stability are regarded as alternatives to state‐of‐art hybrid lead halide perovskites in photovoltaic devices. The recently discovered Cs2AgBiBr6 double perovskite exhibits attractive optical and electronic features, making it promising for various optoelectronic applications. However, its practical performance is hampered by the large band gap. In this work, remarkable band gap narrowing of Cs2AgBiBr6 is, for the first time, achieved on inorganic photovoltaic double perovskites through high pressure treatments. Moreover, the narrowed band gap is partially retainable after releasing pressure, promoting its optoelectronic applications. This work not only provides novel insights into the structure–property relationship in lead‐free double perovskites, but also offers new strategies for further development of advanced perovskite devices.
What will my child's future hold? phenotypes of intellectual development in 2–8‐year‐olds with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Solomon Marjorie , Iosif Ana‐Maria , Reinhardt Vanessa P. , Libero Lauren E. , Nordahl Christine W. , Ozonoff Sally , Rogers Sally J. , Amaral David G. 
Published: October 2017

We examined phenotypes of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) based on trajectories of intellectual development from early (ages 2–3 ½) to middle (ages 5–8) childhood in a recent clinically ascertained cohort. Participants included 102 children (82 males) initially diagnosed with ASD from the Autism Phenome Project longitudinal sample. Latent class growth analysis was used to identify distinct IQ trajectories. Baseline and developmental course differences among groups were assessed using univariate techniques and repeated measures regression models, respectively. A four class model best represented the data. Using the highest posterior probability, participants were assigned to High Challenges (25.5%), Stable Low (17.6%), Changers (35.3%), and Lesser Challenges (21.6%) groups. The High Challenges and Stable Low groups exhibited persistently low IQ, although, the High Challenges group experienced declines while the Stable Low group's scores remained more constant. Changers showed IQ improvement of > 2 standard deviations. The Lesser Challenges group had IQs in the average range at both times that were about 1 standard deviation higher at T2. In summation, 75% of the participants experienced some relative improvements in intellectual and/or other areas of functioning between ages 2 and 8 years. The Changers group demonstrated the most significant IQ change that was accompanied by adaptive communication improvement and declining externalizing symptoms. Only the Lesser Challenges group showed a significant reduction in ASD symptom severity, such that by age 8, 14% of them no longer met ADOS‐2 criteria for ASD. All groups showed reductions in internalizing symptoms. Intervention history was not associated with group status. Autism Res 2018, 11: 121–132. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryWe examined how the IQs of children with autism spectrum disorder change between ages 2 and 8, and identified four patterns. Two groups exhibited persistently lower IQs. One group showed IQ increases of greater than 30 points with improved communicate abilities and declining disruptive behaviors. The final group had IQs in the average or better range at both time points, and 14% of them lost their diagnoses. Over half of the children experienced improved intellectual functioning between ages 2 and 8, whereas about 25% showed declines. Findings were not associated with intervention history.
Zerstörungsfreie Untersuchung von Beton mittels Impuls‐Echo‐Methode – Möglichkeiten und Grenzen
Authors: Vogel Michael , Kotan Engin , Müller Harald S. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIm Rahmen von Bauwerksuntersuchungen kommt die Impuls‐Echo‐Methode verstärkt zum Einsatz. Diese Methode erlaubt das zerstörungsfreie Auffinden von z. B. Fehlstellen sowie die Überprüfung der Bauteildicke bei begrenzter, einseitiger Zugänglichkeit des Bauteils. Die ordnungsgemäße Anwendung der Impuls‐Echo‐Methode erfordert allerdings ein gesichertes Fach‐ und Erfahrungswissen. Zur Unterstützung eines solchen Wissens ist es sinnvoll, die Anwendung der Impuls‐Echo‐Methode bereits unter Laborbedingungen eingehend zu schulen.In diesem Beitrag wird zunächst auf die Ultraschalltechnik eingegangen. Anschließend wird gezeigt, wie anhand speziell angefertigter Betonprüfkörper die Durchführung von Impuls‐Echo‐Messungen in Verbindung mit der Auswertung der Messdaten bewerkstelligt werden kann. In den besagten Prüfkörpern wurden diverse Kunststoffkörper (als Fehlstellen) unterschiedlicher Form und Größe sowie Hüllrohre eingebaut. Anhand dieser bekannten Einbauelemente können zielsicher die Messroutine am Betonbauteil sowie die Datenanalyse und Interpretation geschult werden.
Test‐compatible confidence intervals for adaptive two‐stage single‐arm designs with binary endpoint
Authors: Kunzmann Kevin , Kieser Meinhard 
Published: October 2017

AbstractInference after two‐stage single‐arm designs with binary endpoint is challenging due to the nonunique ordering of the sampling space in multistage designs. We illustrate the problem of specifying test‐compatible confidence intervals for designs with nonconstant second‐stage sample size and present two approaches that guarantee confidence intervals consistent with the test decision. Firstly, we extend the well‐known Clopper–Pearson approach of inverting a family of two‐sided hypothesis tests from the group‐sequential case to designs with fully adaptive sample size. Test compatibility is achieved by using a sample space ordering that is derived from a test‐compatible estimator. The resulting confidence intervals tend to be conservative but assure the nominal coverage probability. In order to assess the possibility of further improving these confidence intervals, we pursue a direct optimization approach minimizing the mean width of the confidence intervals. While the latter approach produces more stable coverage probabilities, it is also slightly anti‐conservative and yields only negligible improvements in mean width. We conclude that the Clopper–Pearson‐type confidence intervals based on a test‐compatible estimator are the best choice if the nominal coverage probability is not to be undershot and compatibility of test decision and confidence interval is to be preserved.