bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Involving citizens in monitoring the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework
Authors: Danielsen Finn , Ali Natasha , Andrianandrasana Herizo T. , Baquero Andrea , Basilius Umai , de Araujo Lima Constantino Pedro , Despot-Belmonte Katherine , Frederiksen Per Ole , Isaac Maxim , Jakobsen PâviâraK , Klimmek Helen , Mapendembe Abisha , Meng Han , Schmidt-Vogt Dietrich , Sophat Seak , Sulyandziga Rodion , Virnig Anne L. S. , Zhang Di , Burgess Neil D. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) and its monitoring framework aims to reverse the decline of nature. The GBF tasks governments to report progress towards 23 targets and four goals but also “invites Parties and relevant organizations to support community-based monitoring and information systems and citizen science” to improve information for decision-making and build support for conservation efforts throughout society. We assessed how Indigenous Peoples, local communities and citizen scientists and professional scientists can help monitor the GBF. Of the 365 indicators of the GBF monitoring framework, 110 (30%) can involve Indigenous Peoples, local communities and citizen scientists in community-based monitoring programmes, 185 (51%) could benefit from citizen involvement in data collection and 180 (49%) require scientists and governmental statistical organizations. A smaller proportion of indicators for GBF targets are amenable to citizen monitoring than for the previous Aichi targets or other multilateral environment agreements—largely because 196 GBF indicators are analytically complex (54%) and 175 require legislative overview (48%). Greater involvement of citizens in the GBF would increase societal engagement in international agreements, harness knowledge from those living close to nature to fill data gaps and enhance local to national decision-making based on improved information, leading to better conservation actions.
Observer-independent registration of perspective projection prior to subtraction of in vivo radiographs
Authors: Lehmann T M , Gröndahl K , Gröndahl H G , Schmitt W , Spitzer K 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES
To prove that the model of perspective projection allows precise registration of intra-oral radiographs regardless of whether they have been acquired with or without individual adjustment aids and independent of the human observer or computer algorithm marking corresponding landmarks in the images and, based on in vivo radiographs, to introduce and evaluate a model-based registration method.

METHODS
Five observers (three experts and two non-experts) were asked to define corresponding points in 24 pairs of in vivo dental radiographs from the same region of the same patient. The landmarks were used to fit the model of perspective projection applying the least squares method. Misplaced landmarks were detected and suppressed by analysing the quality of all subsets of landmarks with respect to the minimal residual (leaving one out method). In addition, local correlation was used to optimize the quality of registration as well as observer independence.

RESULTS
Using six or more corresponding landmarks in both radiographs the correlation of the images registered was &gt; 0.95 (S.D. &lt; 0.063) irrespective of the observers' expertise.

CONCLUSIONS
Perspective projection is a reliable model for sequentially acquired intra-oral radiographs. The co-ordinates of anatomical landmarks are useful for determining the parameters of perspective projection. Local correlation and leaving one out techniques improve the geometrical adjustment as well as observer independence. Registration is nearly independent of the actual position of the landmarks and hence independent of the observer. Our algorithm will also be useful for registration techniques based on automatically detected landmarks.
Radiological features of hereditary opalescent dentin
Authors: Tanaka T , Murakami T 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A case of hereditary opalescent dentin is described, which showed the same clinical and radiological features as those reported previously. However, there was no evidence of osteogenesis imperfecta. While a diagnosis of type II dentinogenesis imperfecta was therefore made, this case also had features characteristic of type III dentinogenesis imperfecta. Treatment by means of an overdenture is described.
Radiological features of primary intra-osseous carcinoma of the jaws. Analysis of the literature and report of a new case
Authors: Kaffe I , Ardekian L , Peled M , Machtey E , Laufer D 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES
To analyse the clinical and radiological features of primary intra-osseous carcinoma of the jaws (PIOC).

MATERIAL AND METHODS
Twenty-four cases (23 from the literature and one new case) of PIOC were reviewed.

RESULTS
Patient's age at time of diagnosis ranged from 4-76 years, (mean 50 years). Male to female ratio was 1.7:1. Most lesions (79%) were in the mandible and of these, 95% were in the posterior area, approximately 70% of the maxillary lesions were in the anterior region and crossed the midline. In 87% of the cases PIOC was radiolucent; the remainder were mixed radiolucent-radiopaque lesions. The radiological borders were defined but none corticated in 57% of the cases and diffuse in 43%. The lesion was unilocular in 61% and not loculated in 35%.

CONCLUSIONS
The variable radiological features of PIOC and its deceptive resemblance to odontogenic cysts and other tumours of the jaws suggests that despite its rarity, PIOC should be considered in the differential diagnosis of radiolucent lesions in the jaws.
Comparison of two methods for radiometric evaluation of resin-based restorative materials
Authors: Gürdal P , Akdeniz B G 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES
To compare radiographic densitometry with indirect digital image analysis for evaluating the radiopacity of nine different resin-based restorative materials.

METHODS
Discs of amalgam and nine different resin-based restorative material, 10 mm in diameter and 2 mm thick, were radiographed together with 2 mm thick discs of intact and carious human teeth and an aluminium stepwedge. Density was evaluated by digital transmission densitometry and with the histogram function of an image analysis programme (Image Tool 1.27, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Texas, USA) following the digitization of the radiographs with a drum scanner.

RESULTS
The two methods produced essentially similar results. With both methods, Dyract (Dentsply De Trey, Konstanz, Germany) had the highest radiodensity and Estilux Hybrid (Kulzer, Werheim, Germany) the lowest.

CONCLUSION
Digital image analysis is a suitable alternative to transmission densitometry for evaluation of the radiopacity of restorative materials.
Radiological features of osteogenic sarcoma of the jaws. A comparative study of different radiographic modalities
Authors: Givol N , Buchner A , Taicher S , Kaffe I 
Published: October 2024

UNLABELLED
OBJECTION: To evaluate the clinical and radiological features of osteogenic sarcoma of the jaws with particular reference to the effectiveness of the radiographic modalities used.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
A total of 66 cases (57 from the English-language literature and nine new cases) were critically evaluated for the features depicted with intra-oral and panoramic radiography and CT.

RESULTS
The mean age of the patients was 36 years (median 31.5 years). There were no differences in gender distribution. A ratio of 1:1.6 between the maxilla and the mandible was found. Lesions had diffuse borders in 78% of cases and defined but not corticated borders in 22%. Twenty-nine per cent were radiolucent, 29% radiopaque and 41% mixed density. Widening of the periodontal ligament space (PDL) was seen in 14 of the 47 (28%) lesions associated with teeth and structural changes in the mandibular canal in 34% of the mandibular lesions. There was a periosteal reaction in 48% and soft tissue involvement in 33% of the lesions.

CONCLUSIONS
Widening of the PDL space was best demonstrated on periapical radiographs. Structural changes in the mandibular canal were shown mainly with panoramic radiographs. Periosteal reaction was best demonstrated by occlusal radiographs and soft tissue involvement by CT. Thorough radiological examination using periapical, occlusal and panoramic radiography, and recognition of the radiological features of osteogenic sarcoma should lead to earlier diagnosis.
Development of a system for craniofacial analysis from monitor-displayed digital images
Authors: Gotfredsen E , Kragskov J , Wenzel A 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES
To develop a program for clinical craniofacial analysis directly on monitor-displayed digital images.

METHODS
The program was developed in VisualBasic (Microsoft, Redwood WA, USA), using Access (Microsoft) database, for landmark identification analysis and data storage. It runs on Windows95 (Microsoft).

RESULTS
The following established cephalometric analyses were included in the program: Bjork, Down, Frontal, Jarabak, Occlusogram, Rickett and Tweed. In addition, an orthodontist can simply define his own analyses. If he wants to identify a particular landmark, he clicks on its name at the top of the screen, and the definition including a drawing will be shown. If specified in the analysis selected, reference lines or templates are drawn using the identified landmarks. Soft tissues can be drawn either freehand or using the 'soft tissue detection' that generates an outline from the grey-level histogram. The program has been implemented at the Royal Dental College and at the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and at the Cleft Palate Centre, Aarhus University Hospital.

CONCLUSION
A program (PorDiosW) has been developed which has facilitated cephalometric analysis from digital lateral and frontal skull radiographs and digital photographs. The program has been successfully applied in patients with cleft lip and palate and other developmental craniofacial anomalies before and after surgery.
Two- and three-dimensional imaging modalities for the detection of caries. A comparison between film, digital radiography and tuned aperture computed tomography (TACT)TM
Authors: Abreu Jr M , Tyndall D A , Platin E , Ludlow J B , Phillips C 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES
To compare the diagnostic performance provided by two- (film and digital radiography) and three-dimensional imaging modalities (TACT slices and TACT pseudoholograms) in the detection of primary caries.

METHODS
Forty-two extracted human posterior teeth were mounted and imaged with conventional film and direct digital radiography. Free-hand positioning of a dental X-ray source was used for all exposures. From the digital images, iteratively restored TACT slices and TACT pseudoholograms were generated. Film images were viewed on a viewbox. Digital format images were viewed on a high-resolution monitor. Eight observers used a five-point scale to score the presence or absence of occlusal and proximal caries using the four image modalities. Observers' assessments were compared with the histological examination of tooth sections. Possible differences in ROC curve areas among image modalities, observers, and surfaces were assessed by ANOVA. Intra- and interobserver reliability as indicated by intraclass correlation was also calculated.

RESULTS
There were no statistically significant differences between the diagnostic performances of film, digital radiography, TACT slices and TACT pseudoholograms in the detection of caries (P = 0.310). Intraclass correlation indicated the highest concordance both within and between observers when film was used for the evaluation.

CONCLUSIONS
Under the experimental conditions of this study, three-dimensional TACT images did not improve caries detection over film or digital radiography. Further research should investigate the effects of imaging variables on TACT's diagnostic efficacy.
The effect of periapical rarefying osteitis on cortical and cancellous bone. A study comparing conventional radiographs with computed tomography
Authors: Marmary Y , Koter T , Heling I 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE
To determine whether erosion of the cortical plate is necessary for successful radiographic identification of periapical rarefying osteitis.

METHODS
Forty-two periapical osteitic lesions were diagnosed from periapical radiographs of 26 patients who were subsequently examined by cross-sectional computed tomography (CT). The relation of the lesions to the buccal and lingual cortical plates was determined and their size measured.

RESULTS
The 42 lesions varied in size from 2 - 10 mm. Thirty one (74%) lesions diagnosed on the periapical radiographs were limited on CT to the cancellous bone with no erosion of the cortical plates. The 11 lesions with cortical erosion were randomly located throughout the jaws. Erosion was due to either the eccentric buccal or lingual location of the tooth apex, large size (&gt;6 mm) of the lesion or narrowness of the jaw.

CONCLUSIONS
Periapical lesions can be diagnosed from periapical radiographs while they are limited to the cancellous bone and before they have eroded the cortices.
Dose response of a storage phosphor system for intraoral radiography
Authors: Stamatakis H C , Welander U , McDavid W D 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES
To determine the dose response function for the Digora(R) (Soredex Orion Corporation, Helsinki, Finland) storage phosphor system for intra-oral radiography.

METHODS
Specially designed software provided by the manufacturer was used to register data from the pre-scanning that takes place prior to readout. These data contain information about the signal from the photomultiplier and the amplification that forms the basis for the AD conversion to 8 bit image data. Dose response functions were determined for different calibration settings and also combined into one single function.

RESULTS
The dose response function is linear irrespective of calibration. The gray levels of the final radiographs are directly proportional to the amplified signal. The Digora(R) does not fully compensate for exposure differences. Increased exposure results in slightly darker radiographs.

CONCLUSIONS
Since the gray levels of the final radiographs are directly proportional to the amplified signal, the gray levels may be used as a relative measure of the exposure in the Digora(R) system provided that they are subtracted from the maximum value of 255.
Physical evaluation of a system for direct digital intra-oral radiography based on a charge-coupled device
Authors: Yoshiura K , Stamatakis H C , Welander U , McDavid W D , Shi X Q , Ban S , Kawazu T , Tatsumi M , Kanda S 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES
To determine technical properties of a direct digital intra-oral radiographic system, the Dixel(R) (J Morita Corporation, Kyoto, Japan).

METHODS
A dose response function and the dark current were calculated from two series of exposures to a homogeneous radiation field. The line spread function (LSF) and the modulation transfer function (MTF) were determined from radiographs of an edge. The noise power spectrum (NPS) was determined at three exposures from radiographs exposed to homogeneous radiation fields. Noise equivalent quanta (NEQ) were calculated from the one-dimensional NPS and the MTF. The detective quantum efficiency (DQE) was determined from the NEQ and a representative value of the photon fluence. Signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) were calculated from the NEQs and different signal contrasts.

RESULTS
The dose response function demonstrated a slight curvature. There was no effect of the dark current. NPS ranged from 10-5 - 10-7 mm2 depending on exposure and frequency. At a peak of about 2 cycles/mm the DQE is on an average about 30 per cent. SNRs are favorable.

CONCLUSION
The technical properties found in this study indicate that the Dixel(R) system is suitable for intra-oral dental radiography.
Imaging of fibrosis of the oral mucosa by 20 MHz sonography
Authors: Jackowski J , Jöhren P , Müller A M , Kruse A , Dirschka T 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES
To compare the ultrasonographic (US) appearances of the oral mucosa in health with patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc).

METHODS
An innovative 20 MHz US scanner was used to examine the lips, cheeks and oral vestibule of ten healthy persons and ten patients with SSc. The clinical, US and histopathological features of one patient with a fibro-epithelial polyp of the buccal mucosa are reported in detail.

RESULTS
Two patients with SSc displayed increased echogenicity due to fibrotic deposits. A similar echo pattern was seen in the case of the histopathologically verified fibro-epithelial polyp of the buccal mucosa.

CONCLUSION
20 MHz sonography may be suitable as a non-invasive tool for evaluation of fibrosis of the oral mucosa.
Decreased disk-eminence ratio is associated with advanced stages of temporomandibular joint internal derangement
Authors: Toyama M , Kurita K , Westesson P L , Sakuma S , Ariji E , Rivera R 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE
To examine the possible correlation between the stage of internal derangement and the antero-posterior length of the disk in relation to the length of the articular eminence.

STUDY DESIGN
Twenty asymptomatic volunteers with normal joints and 120 patients with TMJ dysfunction underwent MR imaging. The A-P length of the disk in relation to the length of the articular eminence (D/E ratio) was measured.

RESULTS
The D/E ratio was 0.95 in the asymptomatic volunteers, 0.83 in patients with disk displacement with reduction, 0.74 in those with disk displacement without reduction and 0.57 in the patients with disk displacement and osteoarthritis. The relationship between the D/E ratio and the stage of internal derangement was statistically significant (P&lt;0.01).

CONCLUSION
The D/E ratio decreases with advancing internal derangement. We suggest that it is a reliable numerical method for staging the degree of the internal derangement.
Triple images on panoramic radiographs.
Authors: Reuter I , Ritter W , Kaeppler G 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE
To explain the formation of triple images on panoramic radiographs.

METHODS
A metal test object was placed in defined positions in relation to movement path of a panoramic X-ray beam.

RESULTS
The test object was portrayed once, twice or three times with varying degrees of distortion depending on its location. Triple images were formed when the test object was located in a specific diamond-shaped area distal to the path of the rotation centre of the X-ray beam.

CONCLUSIONS
The formation of triple images on panoramic radiographs can be explained on the basis of known projection geometry.
Idiopathic osteosclerosis in the jaws of Britons and of the Hong Kong Chinese: radiology and systematic review
Authors: MacDonald-Jankowski D S 
Published: October 2024

AIM
To compare the prevalence of idiopathic osteosclerosis in the jaws in Hong Kong and Britain.

METHODS
The panoramic radiographs of consecutive patients who attended the primary care departments of the dental hospitals in Hong Kong in 1981 and 1990 and London in 1990 and of Edinburgh in 1993 were reviewed. The size of the Hong Kong lesions was measured. The literature was subjected to systematic review.

RESULTS
The prevalence of idiopathic osteosclerosis in Hong Kong in 1981 and 1990, London and Edinburgh was 6.7, 5.5, 2.7 and 4.1% respectively. The prevalence of idiopathic osteosclerosis was greater in the Oriental (Chinese and Japanese) than in Western surveys. The lesions in the 1990 Hong Kong survey in the third decade were significantly smaller than those in the 1981 survey. The decrease in size in Hong Kong 1990 was also accompanied by a reduction in overall prevalence. The predilection for the mandible, especially in the premolar area, was observed in the Chinese and London series; this feature was also common to all other reports.

CONCLUSION
The Chinese have a greater prevalence of idiopathic osteosclerosis than Western populations.
Interaction between noise and file compression and its effect on the recognition of caries in digital imaging
Authors: Janhom A , van der Stelt P F , van Ginkel F C 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES
To determine the interaction between image noise and file compression, with special emphasis on the accuracy of caries diagnosis.

METHODS
Fifty-nine bitewing radiographs of patients were taken simultaneously with Ektaspeed Plus (Eastman-Kodak, Rochester, NY, USA) film without lead foil and the Digora storage phosphor system (Soredex, Helsinki, Finland). Three different levels of Gaussian noise were added to the original digital images which were then compressed with JPEG 53. Seven observers evaluated the presence and depth of caries lesions on selected approximal surfaces on a 5-point scale. The results of JPEG 27 compression from a previous study were also included. ROC analysis was used together with multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA).

RESULTS
JPEG 27 and 53 reduced the file size down to 7% and 4.6% of the original respectively. ROC curve analysis showed no significant difference between image conditions (original, JPEG 27, and JPEG 53) at the same noise level. JPEG 27 and 53 had larger Az scores than their original counterparts at the same noise level. However, MANOVA showed that for depth estimation of enamel lesions JPEG 53 resulted in a higher observer error.

CONCLUSIONS
Both JPEG 53 and 27 could reduce some of the adverse effect of noise from the image by removing high spatial frequencies. JPEG 53, resulting in a compression ratio of 1:21, does not compromise the diagnostic performance in general. JPEG 53 compression may however affect the ability to detect enamel lesions.
An objective comparison of four digital intra-oral radiographic systems: sensitometric properties and resolution
Authors: Araki K , Endo A , Okano T 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES
To compare the sensitometric properties and resolution of four digital intra-oral radiographic systems.

METHODS
Three CCD-based systems were evaluated, RVG-4 (Trophy Radiologic, Paris, France) CDR (Schick Technologies Inc, Long Island, NY, USA) and Dixel (Morita, Kyoto, Japan) and a photostimulable phosphor system (Digora, Soredex-Orion, Helsinki, Finland). The sensitometric properties were determined by measuring the gray levels at increasing exposures without making any gray-scale adjustments. MTF was measured using images of a 10 microns width slit inclined to the long and short axes of the detectors.

RESULTS
The CCD-based systems showed a linear relationship between exposure and gray level although there were some differences in sensitivity. In RVG-4, the gray level saturated at a lower exposure. Digora showed a logarithmic relationship at uniform exposure. However, there was a linear relationship when it was exposed below the calibration dose. The MTF was highest with RVG-4 and the lowest with the Digora.

CONCLUSIONS
Each system has its own specific properties; RVG-4 has the highest resolution with the narrowest latitude, whereas Digora has the wider latitude but the lowest resolution.