bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased Health Care Utilization and Costs Among Veterans With a Positive Screen for Military Sexual Trauma
Authors: Brignone Emily , Gundlapalli Adi V. , Blais Rebecca K. , Kimerling Rachel , Barrett Tyson S. , Nelson Richard E. , Carter Marjorie E. , Samore Matthew H. , Fargo Jamison D. 
Published: August 2017

Background:
The effects of sexual trauma on long-term health care utilization and costs are not well understood due to infrequent documentation of sexual trauma history in health care systems. The Veteran’s Health Administration provides a unique opportunity to address this constraint as sexual trauma is actively screened for as part of routine care.

Methods:
We used a retrospective cohort design to analyze Veteran’s Health Administration mental health and medical service utilization and costs as a function of a positive screen for exposure to military sexual trauma (MST) among Veterans of recent conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. We computed adjusted 5-year estimates of overall utilization and costs, and utilization and costs determined not to be related to MST.

Results:
The cohort included 426,223 men and 59,611 women. A positive MST screen was associated with 50% higher health care utilization and costs relative to a negative screen. Overall, a positive relative to negative MST screen was associated with a 5-year incremental difference of 34.6 encounters and $10,734 among women, and 33.5 encounters and $11,484 among men. After accounting for MST-related treatment, positive MST screen was associated with 11.9 encounters and $4803 among women, and 19.5 encounters and $8001 among men.

Conclusions:
Results demonstrate significant and consistent differences in health care utilization and costs between Veterans with a positive relative to negative MST screen. Even after accounting for MST-related care, a positive screen was associated with significantly higher utilization and costs. MST-related needs may be more readily recognized in women relative to men.
Pregnancy Outcomes Following Cervical Conization or Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedures
Authors: Gatta Luke A. , Kuller Jeffrey A. , Rhee Eleanor H. J. 
Published: August 2017

Importance
Conservative excisional measures used to manage cervical dysplasia are often cited as risk factors for preterm labor in subsequent pregnancies.

Objective
We performed an evidence-based review of the obstetric complications following excisional procedures for cervical dysplasia in women of reproductive age.

Evidence Acquisition
Between 1993 and 2016, there were 7 published meta-analyses of cohort studies that consistently demonstrated an association between excisional cervical procedures and preterm labor. However, controversy remains as to whether the increased risk is due to the cervical amputation or to the risk factors that underlie the dysplasia.

Results
Although data suggest an association between excisional procedures and preterm labor, the choice of the control group may either overestimate or underestimate the relative risk. In addition, recent data suggest that depth of excision greater than 10 to 12 mm is associated with increases in risk of preterm birth.

Conclusions
Women with cervical dysplasia are at an increased baseline risk of preterm birth, and surgical excision confers additional risk. Pregnant patients with advanced cervical dysplasia or a history of surgical excision should be considered high-risk pregnancies.

Target Audience
Obstetricians and gynecologists, family physicians.

Learning Objectives
After completing this activity, the learner should be better able to describe the incidence and risk factors for cervical dysplasia, discuss how these risk factors confound studies assessing pregnancy outcomes following excisional treatment, recognize that women with a history of cervical dysplasia likely have an increased baseline risk of preterm birth, and recall the controversy whether excisional treatment further increases this risk.
Body Mass Index 50 kg/m2 and Beyond: Perioperative Care of Pregnant Women With Superobesity Undergoing Cesarean Delivery
Authors: Smid Marcela Carolina , Dotters-Katz Sarah K. , Silver Robert M. , Kuller Jeffrey A. 
Published: August 2017

Importance
Superobesity, defined as body mass index 50 kg/m2 or greater, is the fastest-growing obesity group in the United States. Currently, 2% of pregnant women in the United States are superobese, and 50% will deliver via cesarean delivery.

Objective
To review evidence of perioperative care during cesarean delivery among superobese women.

Evidence Acquisition
We performed an evidence-based review of maternal and neonatal risks of cesarean delivery and of intraoperative management and immediate postpartum care of superobese pregnant women. We also reviewed bariatric and general literature surgery on perioperative care of superobese patients.

Results
There is limited information to direct evidence-based care of superobese women who undergo cesarean delivery. Superobese women have a 30% to 50% risk of wound complications, a 20% risk of neonatal intensive care unit admission, and a 1% to 2% risk of maternal intensive care unit admission. Preoperative discussion with superobese women should include a review of maternal and fetal risks associated with cesarean delivery, as well as operative options including skin incision. Preoperative cefazolin with a 3-g dose, chlorhexidine skin preparation, and availability of adequate personnel for patient transfers are important evidence-directed approaches to reducing maternal and personnel morbidity. Postoperatively, early ambulation and chemical prophylaxis are reasonable, although there is a lack of evidence as to whether these measures prevent thromboembolic complications.

Conclusions and Relevance
Superobese women are at increased risk of cesarean delivery and resultant complications. Most evidence-directed recommendations for perioperative care are extrapolated from studies of obese women undergoing bariatric surgery. As the prevalence of reproductive-age women with superobesity increases, studies directed at this high-risk population are urgently need.

Target Audience
Obstetricians and gynecologists, family physicians

Learning Objectives
After completing this activity, the learner should be better able to describe maternal and neonatal risks of cesarean delivery among superobese women, describe preoperative considerations of cesarean delivery among superobese women, and recall evidence-based recommendations for intraoperative and postoperative management of cesarean delivery among superobese women.
Conserved Roles of Mouse DUX and Human DUX4 in Activating Cleavage-Stage Genes and MERVL/HERVL Retrotransposons
Authors: Hendrickson Peter G. , Doráis Jessie A. , Grow Edward J. , Whiddon Jennifer L. , Lim Jong-Won , Wike Candice L. , Weaver Bradley D. , Pflueger Christian , Emery Benjamin R. , Wilcox Aaron L. , Nix David A. , Peterson C. Matthew , Tapscott Stephen J. , Carrell Douglas T. , Cairns Bradley R. 
Published: August 2017

(Abstracted from Nat Genet 2017;49(6):925–934)
After fertilization of the oocyte by the sperm cell, the primordial zygote carries 1 copy each of the maternal and the paternal genomes. This genetic information, however, is expressed only after the zygote divides a few times.
Plurality of Birth and Infant Mortality Due to External Causes in the United States, 2000–2010
Authors: Ahrens Katherine A. , Thoma Marie E. , Rossen Lauren M. , Warner Margaret , Simon Alan E. 
Published: August 2017

(Abstracted from Am J Epidemiol 2017;185(5):335–344)
In the United States, external factors, such as accidental injury or assault, account for approximately 5% of infant mortality. While it is known that twins and higher-order multiples are 5 times more likely to die before 1 year of age than singletons, it is not clear how the risk of death due to external causes for multiples compares with that of singletons.
Comparisons of Coding and Noncoding Sequences to infer the Origin of Codon usage Bias
Authors: Mainali Prashant , Pathak Sobita 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTCodon usage bias is the preferential use of the subset of synonymous codons during translation. In this paper, the comparisons of normalized entropy and GC content between the sequence of coding regions ofEscherichia coli k12and noncoding regions (ncRNA, rRNA) of various organisms were done to shed light on the origin of the codon usage bias.The normalized entropy of the coding regions was found significantly higher than the noncoding regions, suggesting the role of the translation process in shaping codon usage bias. Further, when the position specific GC content of both coding and noncoding regions was analyzed, the GC2 content in coding regions was lower than GC1 and GC2 while in noncoding regions, the GC1, GC2, GC3 contents were approximately equal. This discrepancy is explained by the biased mutation coupled with the presence and absence of selection pressure. The accumulation of CG content occurs in the sequences due to mutation bias in DNA repair and recombination process. In noncoding regions, the mutation is harmful and thus, selected against while due to the degeneracy of codons in coding regions, a mutation in GC3 is neutral and hence, not selected. Thus, the accumulation of GC content occurs in coding regions, and thus codon usage bias occurs.
C. elegansHIF-1 is broadly required for survival in hydrogen sulfide
Authors: Topalidou Irini , Miller Dana L 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTHydrogen sulfide is common in the environment, and is also endogenously produced by animal cells. Although hydrogen sulfide is often toxic, exposure to low levels of hydrogen sulfide improves outcome in a variety of mammalian models of ischemia-reperfusion injury. InCaenorhabditis elegans, the initial transcriptional response to hydrogen sulfide depends on thehif-1transcription factor, andhif-1mutant animals die when exposed to hydrogen sulfide. In this study, we use rescue experiments to identify tissues in whichhif-1is required to survive exposure to hydrogen sulfide. We find that expression ofhif-1from theunc-14promoter is sufficient to survive hydrogen sulfide. Althoughunc-14is generally considered to be a pan-neuronal promoter, we show that it is active in many non-neuronal cells as well. Using other promoters, we show that pan-neuronal expression ofhif-1is not sufficient to survive exposure to hydrogen sulfide. Our data suggest thathif-1is required in many different tissues to direct the essential response to hydrogen sulfide.
Mouse hue and wavelength-specific luminance contrast sensitivity are non-uniform across visual space
Authors: Denman Daniel J. , Luviano Jennifer A. , Ollerenshaw Douglas R. , Cross Sissy , Williams Derric , Buice Michael A. , Olsen Shawn R. , Reid R. Clay 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMammalian visual behaviors, as well as responses in the neural systems thought to underlie these behaviors, are driven by luminance and hue contrast. With tools for measuring activity in cell-type specific populations in the mouse during visual behavior gaining traction, it is important to define the extent of luminance and hue information that is behaviorally-accessible to the mouse. A non-uniform distribution of cone opsins in the mouse potentially complicates both luminance and hue sensitivity: opposing gradients of short (UV-shifted) and middle (blue/green) cone opsins suggest that hue discrimination and wavelength-specific luminance contrast sensitivity may differ depending on retinotopic location. Here we ask if, and how well, mice can discriminate color and wavelength-specific luminance across visuotopic space. We found that mice were able to discriminate hue, and were able to do so more broadly across visuotopic space than expected from the cone-opsin distribution. We also found wavelength-band specific differences in luminance sensitivity.
POLD replicates both strands of small kilobase-long replication bubbles initiated at a majority of human replication origins
Authors: Artemov Artem V. , Andrianova Maria A. , Bazykin Georgii A. , Seplyarskiy Vladimir B. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractError-prone mutants of polymerase epsilon (POLE*) or polymerase delta (POLD1*) induce a mutator phenotype in human cancers. Here we show that the rate of mutations introduced by POLD1* is elevated by 50%, while the rate of POLE*-induced mutations is decreased twofold, within one kilobase from replication origins. These results support a model in which POLD1 replicates both the leading and the lagging strands within a kilobase from an origin. The magnitude of the mutational bias suggests that the probability of an individual origin to initiate replication exceeds 50%, which is much higher than previous estimates. Using additional data from nascent DNA sequencing and Okazaki fragments sequencing (OK-seq) experiments, we showed that a majority of origins are firing at each replication round, but the initiated replication fork does not propagate further than 1Kb in both directions. Analyses based on mutational data and on OK-seq data concordantly suggest that only approximately a quarter of fired origins result in a processive replication fork. Taken together, our results provide a new model of replication initiation.
Identification and characterization of functional modules reflecting transcriptome transition during human neuron maturation
Authors: He Zhisong , Yu Qianhui 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundNeuron maturation is a critical process in neurogenesis, during which neurons gain their morphological, electrophysiological and molecular characteristics for their functions as the central components of the nervous system.ResultsTo better understand the molecular changes during this process, we combined the protein-protein interaction network and public single cell RNA-seq data of mature and immature neurons to identify functional modules relevant to the neuron maturation process in humans. The analysis resulted in 33 discriminable modules which participate in varied functions including energy consumption, synaptic functions and housekeeping functions such as translation and splicing. Based on the identified modules, we trained a neuron maturity index (NMI) model for the quantification of maturation states of single neurons or purified bulk neurons. Applied to multiple single neuron transcriptome data sets of neuron development in humans and mice, the NMI model made estimation of neuron maturity states which were significantly correlated with the neuron maturation trajectories in both species, implying the reproducibility and conservation of the identified transcriptome transition.ConclusionWe identified 33 functional modules whose activities were significantly correlated with single neuron maturity states, which may play important roles in the neuron maturation process.
Neural entrainment determines the words we hear
Authors: Kösem Anne , Bosker Hans Rutger , Takashima Atsuko , Meyer Antje , Jensen Ole , Hagoort Peter 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTLow-frequency neural entrainment to rhythmic input has been hypothesized as a canonical mechanism that shapes sensory perception in time. Neural entrainment is deemed particularly relevant for speech analysis, as it would contribute to the extraction of discrete linguistic elements from continuous acoustic signals. Yet, its causal influence in speech perception has been difficult to establish. Here, we provide evidence that oscillations build temporal predictions about the duration of speech tokens that directly influence perception. Using magnetoencephalography (MEG), we studied neural dynamics during listening to sentences that changed in speech rate. We observed neural entrainment to preceding speech rhythms persisting for several cycles after the change in rate. The sustained entrainment was associated with changes in the perceived duration of the last word’s vowel, resulting in the perception of words with radically different meanings. These findings support oscillatory models of speech processing, suggesting that neural oscillations actively shape speech perception.
Evolution of Hominin Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Metabolism: From Africa to the New World
Authors: Harris Daniel N. , Ruczinski Ingo , Yanek Lisa R. , Becker Lewis C. , Becker Diane M. , Guio Heinner , Cui Tao , Chilton Floyd H. , Mathias Rasika A. , O’Connor Timothy D. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe metabolic conversion of dietary omega-3 and omega-6 18 carbon (18C) to long chain (> 20 carbon) polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) is vital for human life. Fatty acid desaturase (FADS) 1 and 2 catalyze the rate-limiting steps in the biosynthesis of LC-PUFAs. TheFADSregion contains two haplotypes; ancestral and derived, where the derived haplotypes are associated with more efficient LC-PUFA biosynthesis and is nearly fixed in Africa. In addition, Native American populations appear to be nearly fixed for the lesser efficient ancestral haplotype, which could be a public health problem due to associated low LC-PUFA levels, while Eurasia is polymorphic. This haplotype frequency distribution is suggestive of archaic re-introduction of the ancestral haplotype to non-African populations or ancient polymorphism with differential selection patterns across the globe. Therefore, we tested theFADSregion for archaic introgression or ancient polymorphism. We specifically addressed the genetic architecture of theFADSregion in Native American populations to better understand this potential public health impact.ResultsWe confirmed Native American ancestry is nearly fixed for the ancestral haplotype and is under positive selection. The ancestral haplotype frequency is also correlated to Siberian populations’ geographic location further suggesting the ancestral haplotype’ s role in cold weather adaptation and leading to the high haplotype frequency within Native American populations’. We also find that the Neanderthal is more closely related to the derived haplotypes while the Denisovan clusters closer to the ancestral haplotypes. In addition, the derived haplotypes have a time to the most recent common ancestor of 688,474 years ago which is within the range of the modern-archaic hominin divergence.ConclusionsThese results support an ancient polymorphism forming in theFADSgene region with differential selection pressures acting on the derived and ancestral haplotypes due to the old age of the derived haplotypes and the ancestral haplotype being under positive selection in Native American ancestry populations. Further, the near fixation of the less efficient ancestral haplotype in Native American ancestry suggests the need for future studies to explore the potential health risk of associated low LC-PUFA levels in Native American ancestry populations.
Flavonol rhamnosylation indirectly modifies the cell wall defects ofRHAMNOSE BIOSYNTHESIS1mutants by altering rhamnose flux
Authors: Saffer Adam M. , Irish Vivian F. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractRhamnose is required inArabidopsis thalianafor synthesizing pectic polysaccharides and glycosylating flavonols.RHAMNOSE BIOSYNTHESIS1 (RHM1)encodes a UDP-L-rhamnose synthase, andrhm1mutants exhibit many developmental defects, including short root hairs, hyponastic cotyledons, and left-handed helically twisted petals and roots. It has been proposed that the hyponastic cotyledons observed inrhm1mutants are a consequence of abnormal flavonol glycosylation, while the root hair defect is flavonol-independent. We have recently shown that the helical twisting ofrhm1petals results from decreased levels of rhamnose-containing cell wall polymers. In this work, we find that flavonols indirectly modify therhm1helical petal phenotype by altering rhamnose flux to the cell wall. Given this finding, we further investigated the relationship between flavonols and the cell wall inrhm1cotyledons. We show that decreased flavonol rhamnosylation is not responsible for the cotyledon phenotype ofrhm1mutants. Instead, flavonols provide a large reservoir of rhamnose, and blocking flavonol synthesis or rhamnosylation can suppressrhm1defects by diverting rhamnose to the synthesis of cell wall polysaccharides. Therefore, rhamnose is required in the cell wall for normal expansion of cotyledon epidermal cells. Our findings suggest a broad role for rhamnose-containing cell wall polysaccharides in the morphogenesis of epidermal cells.
Understanding SAFE Housing – putting older LGBT* people’s concerns, preferences and experiences of housing in England in a sociological context
Authors: King Andrew , Stoneman Paul 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to put the findings of the Secure, Accessible, Friendly and Equal (SAFE) Housing study, which explored older LGBT* people’s housing concerns, preferences and experiences, in a sociological context.

Design/methodology/approach
The SAFE Housing study was based on a mixed methods research design that included focus groups and an online survey conducted in two areas of England. The paper draws heavily on the theoretical concept of social capital to help to understand and explain the findings.

Findings
Findings are grouped into three broad themes: safety, comfort and trust; connections and community; and imagining the future.

Originality/value
This is the first time that an older LGBT housing study has used social capital theory to interpret its findings. This shows how a focus on issues of trust, social networks and connections is expedient to avoid reductive approaches in research, policy and practice to older LGBT* people’s housing choices, preferences and expectations that concentrate on the individual.
Comparison of anticoagulation regimens for pregnant women with prosthetic heart valves: A meta‐analysis of prospective studies
Authors: Wang Jing , Li Kangqi , Li Hongyan , Zhu Weiwei , Sun Haiyan , Lu Congxiao 
Published: August 2017

SummaryIntroductionPregnancy is associated with a hypercoagulable state, which makes pregnant women with prosthetic heart valves at high risk of thromboembolism. The proper anticoagulation regimen should take both the maternal protection and the fetal outcomes into consideration. However, no consensus on the present anticoagulation regimen for those women has been reached yet, especially in the first trimester of pregnancy.AimsThe present meta‐analysis is conducted to compare anticoagulation efficiency and feto‐maternal complications of heparin and warfarin in the first trimester.ResultsDatabases of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched (all from their inception to October 2016) for cohort studies reporting the outcome of anticoagulation in pregnant women with mechanical heart valves. Seven relevant prospective studies were identified for inclusion in the present meta‐analysis. The forest plots indicated that warfarin was more effective in prevention valve thrombosis in the first trimester than heparin (OR: 14.58; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.94‐53.94; P < .0001; I2 = 0%). The spontaneous abortion between the two regimens was not statistically different (OR: 1.42; 95% CI: 0.80‐2.49; P = .23; I2 = 20%), which indicated that heparin could not provide better protection to the fetus in the early stage of pregnancy than warfarin. The incidence of warfarin embryopathy was low, and it only occurred in a twin among all the included cases.ConclusionsThe present meta‐analysis indicated that warfarin can provide better protection for the mother and the teratogenic effects may be overestimated. Heparin does not ensure better fetal outcomes as it is associated with severe adverse maternal outcomes, including mortality.