bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incorporating Informatics for Integrating Biology and the Bedside (i2b2) into Predoctoral Trainee Curriculum to Evaluate Student‐Generated Hypotheses
Authors: Schieffer Kathleen M. , Peters Douglas G. , Richter Chesney K. , Loc Welley S. , Pawelczyk James A. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAs part of the Clinical and Translational Science Institute predoctoral TL1 training program at the Pennsylvania State University, a multidisciplinary team of predoctoral trainees representing the Chemistry, Neurosurgery, Nutritional Sciences, and Public Health Sciences departments were introduced to the NIH‐sponsored Informatics for Integrating Biology and the Bedside (i2b2) database to test the following student‐generated hypothesis: children with iron deficiency anemia (IDA) are at increased risk of attention deficit‐hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Children aged 4–12 and 4–17 years were categorized into IDA and control groups. De‐identified medical records from the Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center (HMC) and the Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center (VCUMC) were used for the analysis. Overall, ADHD prevalence at each institution was lower than 2011 state estimates. There was a significant association between IDA and ADHD in the 4–17‐year‐old age group for all children (OR: 1.902 [95% CI: 1.363–2.656]), Caucasian children (OR: 1.802 [95% CI: 1.133–2.864]), and African American children (OR: 1.865 [95% CI: 1.152–3.021]). Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) infrastructure is particularly useful for trainees to answer de novo scientific questions with minimal additional training and technical expertise. Moreover, projects can be expanded by collaborating within the CTSA network.
Dimethylfumarate effectively inhibits lymphangiogenesis via p21 induction and G1 cell cycle arrest
Authors: Valesky Eva Maria , Hrgovic Igor , Doll Monika , Wang Xiao‐Fan , Pinter Andreas , Kleemann Johannes , Kaufmann Roland , Kippenberger Stefan , Meissner Markus 
Published: December 2015

AbstractDifferent pathologies, such as lymphoedema, cancer or psoriasis, are associated with abnormal lymphatic vessel formation. Therefore, influencing lymphangiogenesis is an interesting target. Recent evidence suggests that dimethylfumarate (DMF), an antipsoriatic agent, might have antitumorigenic and antilymphangiogenic properties. To prove this assumption, we performed proliferation and functional assays with primary human dermal lymphendothelial cells (DLEC). We could demonstrated that DMF suppresses DLEC proliferation and formation of capillary‐like structures. Underlying apoptotic mechanisms could be ruled out. Cell cycle analysis demonstrated a pronounced G1‐arrest. Further evaluations revealed increases in p21 expression. In addition, DMF suppressed Cyclin D1 and Cyclin A expression in a concentration‐dependent manner. p21 knockdown experiments demonstrated a p21‐dependent mechanism of regulation. Further analysis showed an increased p21 mRNA expression after DMF treatment. This transcriptional regulation was enforced by post‐transcriptional and post‐translational mechanisms. In addition, we could demonstrate that the combination of a proteasomal inhibitor and DMF superinduced the p21 expression. Hence, DMF is a new antilymphangiogenic compound and might be used in various illnesses associated with increased lymphangiogenesis.
Induction of T regulatory cells by the superagonistic anti‐CD28 antibody D665 leads to decreased pathogenic IgG autoantibodies against desmoglein 3 in a HLA‐transgenic mouse model of pemphigus vulgaris
Authors: Schmidt Thomas , Willenborg Sebastian , Hünig Thomas , Deeg Cornelia A. , Sonderstrup Grete , Hertl Michael , Eming Rüdiger 
Published: December 2015

AbstractPemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a potentially life‐threatening autoimmune disease of the skin and mucous membranes. Its pathogenesis is based on IgG autoantibodies that target the desmosomal cadherins, desmoglein 3 (Dsg3) and desmoglein 1 (Dsg1) and induce intra‐epidermal loss of adhesion. Although the PV pathogenesis is well‐understood, therapeutic options are still limited to immunosuppressive drugs, particularly corticosteroids, which are associated with significant side effects. Dsg3‐reactive T regulatory cells (Treg) have been previously identified in PV and healthy carriers of PV‐associated HLA class II alleles. Ex vivo, Dsg3‐specific Treg cells down‐regulated the activation of pathogenic Dsg3‐specific T‐helper (Th) 2 cells. In this study, in a HLA‐DRB1*04:02 transgenic mouse model of PV, peripheral Treg cells were modulated by the use of Treg‐depleting or expanding monoclonal antibodies, respectively. Our findings show that, in vivo, although not statistically significant, Treg cells exert a clear down‐regulatory effect on the Dsg3‐driven T‐cell response and, accordingly, the formation of Dsg3‐specific IgG antibodies. These observations confirm the powerful immune regulatory functions of Treg cells and identify Treg cells as potential therapeutic modulators in PV.
Carboxymethyl derivatives of flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) gum: characterisation and solution rheology
Authors: Liu Jun , Shen Jianheng , Shim Youn Young , Reaney Martin J. T. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryCarboxymethyl ether moieties were introduced to flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) gum (FG) by reacting gum with monochloroacetic acid (MCA). Effects of ether forming reaction conditions, temperature, NaOH concentration and molar ratio of FG (anhydroxylose equivalent) to MCA, on the degree of substitution (DS) were investigated. Treatment at 70 °C, with 7.0 m NaOH, and molar ratio of MCA to FG of 10:1 over 3 h produced a polysaccharide with a DS of 0.824 ± 0.012. Both surface morphology and thermal behaviour were modified. Solutions of FG (0.5–4.0%, w/v) exhibited shear‐thinning behaviour where viscosity decreased with decreased FG concentration. After carboxymethylation, modified polymer solutions also exhibited shear‐thinning behaviour, where dynamic viscosity was lower than that of native FG solutions at the same concentration. The dynamic viscosities were lower for solutions of modified FG with higher DS and also lower for solutions made at lower FG concentrations (0.5–4.0%, w/v). A more liquid‐like behaviour with increasing FG DS was indicated as storage modulus G′ and loss modulus G″ decreased and became more frequency dependent. The substitution of hydroxyl groups with carboxymethyl groups suppressed entanglement between FG polysaccharide chains by reducing intermolecular association.
Roles of soluble and insoluble aggregates induced by soy protein processing in the gelation of myofibrillar protein
Authors: Jian Huajun , Qiao Fang , Yang Pinhong , Guo Fengxian , Huang Xiaolin , Adhikari Benu , Chen Jie 
Published: December 2015

SummaryThe role of soluble and insoluble aggregates induced by soy protein isolate (SPI) processing in the gelling properties of myofibrillar protein (MP) was studied. Incorporating soluble SPI aggregate could greatly improve (P < 0.05) the elastic modulus (G’) and water‐holding capacity (WHC) of MP gel, but had no notable effect on MP gel strength. In contrast, incorporating the insoluble SPI aggregate significantly enhanced the G’, strength and WHC of MP gel, although the improvement in WHC was smaller than that produced by the soluble aggregate. The results of environmental scanning electron microscopy showed that the soluble SPI aggregate induced a less randomly composite gel structure, which may explain its notable enhancement of WHC. However, the insoluble SPI aggregate appeared to be granules embedded in the continuous MP gel matrix, which may be related to the reinforcement of gel strength. Hence, the results of this study suggest further means of processing commercial SPI for use in meat products.
Grass carp peptides hydrolysed by the combination of Alcalase and Neutrase: Angiotensin‐I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity, antioxidant activities and physicochemical profiles
Authors: Chen Jiwang , Chen Yue , Xia Wenshui , Xiong Youling L. , Ye Ran , Wang Hongxun 
Published: December 2015

SummaryIn this study, grass carp peptides were prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis of grass carp protein using the combination of Alcalase and Neutrase, and angiotensin‐I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity in vitro, antihypertensive activity in vivo, antioxidant activities, and physicochemical properties of peptides achieved from grass carp protein were characterised after ultrafiltration and desalted processes using mixed ion exchange resins. The purified peptides exhibited strong ACE inhibitory activity (IC50 = 105 μg mL−1), antihypertensive activity with the maximal drop for systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 43 mmHg at a dosage of 100 mg per kg body weight in spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), and antioxidant activities indicated by thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substance values in a liposome‐oxidising system, radical‐scavenging activity and chelation of metal ions (Fe2+). The molecular weight of peptides was <1000 Da. Compared to grass carp protein, the peptides separated from enzymatic hydrolysates possessed similar amino acid compositions, but contained higher concentrations of essential amino acids. Moreover, the peptides exhibited excellent solubility at a wide range of pH values from 2 to 10, and lower apparent viscosity than the protein. The peptides separated from enzymatic hydrolysates might be used as a promising ingredient in antihypertensive functional foods and nutraceuticals.
Role of Automatic Wireless Remote Monitoring Immediately Following ICD Implant: The Lumos‐T Reduces Routine Office Device Follow‐Up Study (TRUST) Trial
Authors: VARMA NIRAJ , EPSTEIN ANDREW E. , SCHWEIKERT ROBERT , MICHALSKI JUSTIN , LOVE CHARLES J. ,   TRUST Investigators
Published: December 2015

Automatic Remote Monitoring of ICD Follow‐UpIntroductionThe incidence of unscheduled encounters and problem occurrence between ICD implant and first in‐person evaluation (IPE) recommended at 12 weeks is unknown. Automatic remote home monitoring (HM) may be useful in this potentially unstable period.Methods and ResultsICD patients were randomized 2:1 to HM enabled post‐implant (n = 908) or to conventional monitoring (CM; n = 431). Groups were compared between implant and prior to first scheduled IPE for IPE incidence, causes, and actionability (reprogramming, system revision, medication changes) and event detection time. HM and CM patients were similar (mean age 63 years, 72% male, LVEF 29%, primary prevention 73%, DDD 57%). In the post‐implant interval assessed (HM 100 ± 21.3 days vs. CM 101 ± 20.8 days, P = 0.54), 85.4% (776/908) HM patients and 87.7% CM (378/431) patients had no cause for IPE (P = 0.31). When IPE occurred, actionability in HM (64/177 [36.2%]) was greater versus CM (15/62 [24.2%], P = 0.12). Actionable items were discovered sooner with HM (P = 0.025). Device reprogramming or lead revision was triggered following 53/177 (29.9%) IPEs in HM versus 9/62 (14.5%) in CM (P = 0.018). Arrhythmia detection was enhanced by HM: 276 atrial and ventricular episodes were detected in 135 follow‐ups in contrast to CM (65 episodes at 17 IPEs). More silent arrhythmic episodes were discovered by HM (7.2% vs. 1.5% [P = 0.15]). Since 27/42 (64.3%) IPEs driven by HM alerts were actionable, event notification was a valuable method for problem detection. Importantly, HM did not increase incidence of non‐actionable IPEs (P = 0.72).ConclusionActivation of automatic remote monitoring should be encouraged soon post‐ICD implant.
The Successful Aging After Elective Surgery Study: Cohort Description and Data Quality Procedures
Authors: Schmitt Eva M. , Saczynski Jane S. , Kosar Cyrus M. , Jones Richard N. , Alsop David C. , Fong Tamara G. , Metzger Eran , Cooper Zara , Marcantonio Edward R. , Travison Thomas , Inouye Sharon K. ,   the Successful Aging after Elective Surgery Study Group
Published: December 2015

ObjectivesTo describe baseline characteristics and quality assurance procedures of the Successful Aging after Elective Surgery (SAGES) study, which was designed to examine novel risk factors and long‐term outcomes associated with delirium.DesignLong‐term prospective cohort study.SettingThree academic medical centers.ParticipantsIndividuals aged 70 and older (average age 77, 58% female) without recognized dementia scheduled for elective major surgery (N = 566).MeasurementsParticipants were assessed preoperatively, daily during hospitalization, and at variable monthly intervals for up to 36 months after discharge. Trained study staff assessed delirium in the hospital. Study outcomes included cognitive and physical function. Novel risk factors for delirium were assessed, including genetic and plasma biomarkers, neuroimaging markers, and cognitive reserve markers. Interrater reliability (kappa and weighted kappa) was assessed for critical variables in 119 of the participant interviews.ResultsEighty‐one percent of participants were undergoing orthopedic surgery, and 24% developed delirium postoperatively. More than 95% of eligible participants were followed for 18 months. There was greater than 99% capture of important study outcomes (cognitive and functional status) at every study interview, and interrater reliability was high (weighted kappa for delirium = 0.92 and for overall cognitive and functional outcomes = 0.94–1.0). Completion rates were 95% to 99% for plasma biomarkers (4 time points) and 86% for neuroimaging (1‐year follow‐up).ConclusionThe SAGES study will contribute to the understanding of novel risk factors, pathophysiology and long‐term outcomes of delirium. This article describes the cohort and data quality procedures of the SAGES study and will serve as a reference source for future studies based on SAGES.
Triploid Induction of Green Tiger Shrimp, Penaeus semisulcatus (De Haan, 1844) Using Temperature and Chemical Shock
Authors: Kır Mehmet , Tarhan Gökhan , Okur Özgür 
Published: December 2015

AbstractTriploidy in fertilized eggs of Penaeus semisulcatus was induced by temperature and chemical shocks. The eggs, which were obtained from the shrimp broodstock maintained at 29 C, were exposed to cold temperature (8, 10, 12, and 14 C) and 6‐dimetiloaminopurine (6‐DMAP) concentrations (100, 150, 200, and 250 μM) for different durations (4, 6, and 8 min) 9 min after spawning was detected. While the highest triploidy rate of 49.7 ± 4.5% was obtained with a 200 μM 6‐DMAP concentration for a duration of 8 min, the best mean triploidy rate of 45.5 ± 2.8% for cold shock was obtained at a temperature of 10 C for a duration of 8 min. Temperature and 6‐DMAP concentration did not have significant effect on triploidy rate (P > 0.05) but shock duration had significant effect on triploidy rate for individual cold temperature shock or 6‐DMAP chemical shock (P < 0.05). Although longer durations of shock agent increased the rates of triploid induction, they generally had an adverse effect on hatching rates in the study.
Public health aspects of feral deer, goats and pigs in New Zealand: A review to inform eradication decisions
Authors: Wilson Nick , Blaschke Paul , Thomson George , Nghiem Nhung , Horrocks John 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe research described in this paper sought to review the public health issues arising from the presence of feral deer, goats and pigs in New Zealand. Key findings were that while recreational hunting of these animals is likely to provide physical and mental health benefits, and contribute to food security, likely health‐related harms from these animals include (i) injury risks from the associated firearms used in hunting; (ii) as reservoirs for zoonotic diseases; (iii) reduced mental health benefits of wilderness experience and natural ecosystems; and (iv) likely contribution to flooding risk via forest damage. Further research could better quantify these issues.
Deciphering the molecular basis of ammonium uptake and transport in maritime pine
Authors: Castro‐Rodríguez Vanessa , Assaf‐Casals Iman , Pérez‐Tienda Jacob , Fan Xiaorong , Avila Concepción , Miller Anthony , Cánovas Francisco M. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAmmonium is the predominant form of inorganic nitrogen in the soil of coniferous forests. Despite the ecological and economic importance of conifers, the molecular basis of ammonium uptake and transport in this group of gymnosperms is largely unknown. In this study, we describe the functional characterization of members of the AMT gene family in Pinus pinaster: PpAMT1.1, PpAMT1.2 and PpAMT1.3 (subfamily 1) and PpAMT2.1 and PpAMT2.3 (subfamily 2). Our phylogenetic analysis indicates that in conifers, all members of the AMT1 subfamily evolved from a common ancestor that is evolutionarily related to the ancient PpAMT1.2 gene. Individual AMT genes are developmentally and nutritionally regulated, and their transcripts are specifically distributed in different organs. PpAMT1.3 was predominantly expressed in the roots, particularly during N starvation and mycorrhizal interaction, whereas PpAMT2.3 was preferentially expressed in lateral roots. Immunolocalization studies of roots with varied nitrogen availability revealed that PpAMT1 and PpAMT2 proteins play complementary roles in the uptake of external ammonium. Heterologous expression in yeast and Xenopus oocytes revealed that the AMT genes encode functional transporters with different kinetics and with different capacities for ammonium transport. Our results provide new insights on how nitrogen is acquired and transported in conifers.
Birth and evolution of a Cryogenian basin: Glaciation, rifting and sedimentation in the Vorogovka Basin, Siberia
Authors: Sovetov Julius K. , Le Heron Daniel P. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe Vorogovka Basin records the establishment and infilling of a rift‐related basin during Cryogenian time. Its infill records the whole spectrum of continental clastic and carbonate shelfal to deep marine systems. Initiation of the Vorogovka trough as a sedimentary basin was accompanied by subsidence, and the accumulation of diamictites and conglomerates, of probable glacial affinity. The accumulation of Sturtian‐age diamictites and the unsorted gravelstones resting on a metamorphic basement was coeval with rifting. Based on a facies analysis, it is shown that the Vorogovka trough demonstrates the evolution of a basin characterized initially by a half‐graben with glaciofluvial deposits, and with a shelf shallow‐marine shelf passing into a slope at the passive continental margin side. Episodic re(activation) of trough bounding faults can be illustrated on the basis of palaeocurrent analysis of fluvial–deltaic plain deposits, in deep‐water fans and in shelfal, tide‐related sediments. The final stage in basin evolution was characterized by the establishment of carbonate systems of probable microbial affinity and mixed tidal siliciclastic–carbonate sediments in the outer shelf. The phases of subsidence and palaeogeographic evolution proposed herein provide the basis for correlation between Cryogenian sediments of the Vorogovka Basin with those on other continents.
Symptoms, diagnoses, and sporting consequences among athletes referred to a Danish sports cardiology clinic
Authors: Kaiser‐Nielsen L. V. , Tischer S. G. , Prescott E. B. , Rasmusen H. K. 
Published: December 2015

As the number of recreational athletes performing exercise and participating in competitions at a high‐level increases, exercise‐induced cardiac symptoms may become a more common problem, not least because recreational athletes often continue high‐level exercise programs into advanced ages. We investigated the prevalence of cardiac symptoms and diagnoses among 201 athletes referred for cardiac evaluation at a Sports Cardiology Clinic in Denmark. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic study of athletes referred for suspected cardiac disease. The athletes were all well‐trained recreational to elite athletes who participated in various sports with different training loads and a wide age span (13–66 years). All patients were referred by physicians, primarily their general practitioner (38%), and palpitations were the most common cardiac symptom (40%). Cardiac symptoms had a sensitivity of 86% in detecting cardiac disease and a specificity of 13%. Cardiac disease was diagnosed in 44% of the patients, and atrial fibrillation was the most prevalent diagnosis (7.5%). Cardiac diseases with therapeutic‐ or sports‐related consequences for the patients were diagnosed in 28% of the population, but only 1% received a recommendation to avoid high‐level sports indefinitely.
Sweat sodium loss influences serum sodium concentration in a marathon
Authors: Lara B. , Salinero J. J. , Areces F. , Ruiz‐Vicente D. , Gallo‐Salazar C. , Abián‐Vicén J. , Del Coso J. 
Published: December 2015

The aim of this investigation was to determine the influence of sweat electrolyte concentration on body water and electrolyte homeostasis during a marathon. Fifty‐one runners completed a marathon race in a warm and dry environment (24.4 ± 3.6 °C). Runners were classified as low‐salt sweaters (n = 21; <30 mmol/L of sweat Na+ concentration), typical sweaters (n = 20; ≥30 and <60 mmol/L of sweat Na+ concentration), and salty sweaters (n = 10; ≥60 mmol/L of sweat Na+ concentration). Before and after the race, body mass and a sample of venous blood were obtained. During the race, sweat samples were collected by using sweat patches, and fluid and electrolyte intake were recorded by using self‐reported questionnaires. Low‐salt, typical and salty sweaters presented similar sweat rates (0.93 ± 0.2, 0.92 ± 0.29, 0.99 ± 0.21 L/h, respectively), body mass changes (−3.0 ± 1.0, −3.3 ± 1.0, −3.2 ± 0.8%), total Na+ intake (12.7 ± 8.1, 11.5 ± 9.7, 14.5 ± 16.6 mmol), and fluid intake (1.3 ± 0.8, 1.2 ± 0.8, 1.2 ± 0.6 L) during the race. However, salty sweaters presented lower post‐race serum Na+ concentration (140.8 ± 1.3 vs 142.5 ± 1.1, 142.4 ± 1.4 mmol/L; P < 0.01) and serum osmolality (297 ± 6 vs 299 ± 5, 301 ± 6 mOsm/kg; P < 0.05) than low‐salt and typical sweaters. Sweat electrolyte concentration could influence post‐race serum electrolyte concentration in the marathon. However, even the saltiest sweaters did not develop exercise‐associated hyponatremia or associated symptoms.
PRODUCT AND TOOLING DESIGN OF SLANTED GLASS INJECTION MOULD FOR VISUALIZATION OF FLOW MOLTEN PLASTIC
Authors: Amran M. , Faizal M. , Shahir M. , Izamshah R. , Sivaraos Sivaraos 
Published: December 2015

A two-plate plastic injection mould having a new method of embedded slanted glass at mould cavity side is designed where it can be used to visualize the flow of molten plastic material moving inside the mould cavity. Due to observation of molten plastic materials cannot be done in actual mould made from metal, therefore slanted glass mould is developed. This project shows the design process of slanted glass mould from initial plastic product design until mould tooling design. The plastic product and the slanted glass mould were designed using SolidWorks software. In designing and producing the injection molded plastic product, various factors are needed to be considering such as corner radius, draft angle and the product wall thickness Two different geometrical shapes of plastic products have been designed that were the flat and ring plastic product. Meanwhile for mould tooling design, the method to capture the flow pattern of molten plastic materials is the most considering factor in this project. Others considering factors included are location of feeding system, tolerance fitting and water cooling system. Thus, this project helps mould designer the important of design process should be considered during plastic design and tooling design especially for slanted glass injection mould.