Abstract 5167: Expression levels of orexin receptor 1 in different stages of colorectal cancer
Authors: Wielandt Ana M. , Villarroel Cynthia , Hurtado Claudia , Inada Kento , Kawachi Hiroshi , Simian Daniela , Vial Maria T. , Figueroa Marcela , Castro Magdalena , Kronberg Udo , Lopez-Kostner Francisco 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer death in Chile. Currently, treatment is surgical and adjuvance is based on chemotherapy mainly. One of the risk factors of CRC is obesity and metabolic syndrome. In search of factors that induce cell apoptosis, orexins were identified. Orexins are neuropeptides that regulate appetite, inhibit satiety and increase energy expenditure. The altered expression of orexin or its dysregulation has been associated with a wide range of human diseases such as narcolepsy, obesity, drug addiction and cancer. In rats and mice lacking orexin receptor, an increase in body mass index (BMI) was observed. Orexin Receptor 1 (OX1R) is overexpressed in CRC, but is not detected in normal colon tissue. Its activation by Orexin-A promotes apoptosis in cancer cell lines, and can be modulated by diet. Aim: To determine OX1R expression in the adenoma-carcinoma progression of CRC as possible therapeutic target, and its correlation with BMI. Material and Methods: Patients with neoplastic colorectal lesions undergoing surgical or endoscopic treatment between 2014 and 2015 were prospectively enrolled. Tissue samples of 29 patients were divided into 4 groups. Group A: control (n = 5), Group B: low-grade adenoma (n = 5), Group C: high-grade adenoma (n = 7), Group D: adenocarcinoma (n = 12). Formalin-fixed-paraffin-embedded samples were used to perform immunohistochemistry (IHC) of OX1R. Fresh tissues from Group D were used to assess protein and mRNA expression of OX1R by Western-blot and quantitative RT-PCR, respectively. Primary cultures were established from fresh tumor tissue of patients with adenocarcinoma. To compare OX1R expression levels we used the t-student test. Results: IHC expression of OX1R was detected both in the luminal membrane of colorectal epithelium and in the cytoplasm. We observed stained cells in 0-1% of the total area in Group A, B and C. In Group D, 7 samples showed staining 0-1%, 2 samples 1-10% and 3 samples 10-20%. High mRNA and protein expression was detected in stage III- IV adenocarcinoma samples compared to stage 0, I and II tumor samples. Normal adyacent tissue of CRC patients does not express OX1R. BMI is inversely associated with OX1R expression. Orexin A was able to induce apoptosis in primary cell cultures from advanced tumors in a dose dependent manner. Conclusions: OX1R is expressed scarcely in early stages of carcinogenesis. Its expression is induced significantly only in the most advanced adenocarcinomas, both at protein and mRNA levels, and is inversely associated with BMI. In primary cultures of patients with CRC, orexin A is able to induce apoptosis in a dose dependent manner. FONDECYT 1140012.
Citation Format: Ana M. Wielandt, Cynthia Villarroel, Claudia Hurtado, Kento Inada, Hiroshi Kawachi, Daniela Simian, Maria T. Vial, Marcela Figueroa, Magdalena Castro, Udo Kronberg, Francisco Lopez-Kostner. Expression levels of orexin receptor 1 in different stages of colorectal cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 5167.