bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photooxygenation of alkanes by dioxygen with p-benzoquinone derivatives with high quantum yields
Authors: Ohkubo Kei , Hirose Kensaku , Fukuzumi Shunichi 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Alkanes were oxygenated by dioxygen with p-benzoquinone derivatives such as p-xyloquinone in alkanes which are used as solvents to yield the corresponding alkyl hydroperoxides, alcohols and ketones under visible light irradiation with high quantum yields (Φ = 1000, 1600%). The photooxygenation is started by hydrogen atom abstraction from alkanes by the triplet excited states of p-benzoquinone derivatives as revealed by laser-induced transient absorption spectral measurements.
Innovation incentives in an integrated market with vertical product differentiation
Authors: Acharyya Rajat , Roy Chowdhury Prabal 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to examine whether integration of national markets fosters innovation in the technologically inferior country.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors examine a simple game theoretic framework where a technologically backward home firm and a technologically advanced foreign firm compete in both qualities and prices in an integrated market. They formalize the speed of response to market integration of the two countries as a first mover advantage in the R&D stage.

Findings
The authors find that the outcome depends on the speed of response of the two firms and their initial technological distance. If the domestic firm is not too far behind the foreign firm to begin with, and if it responds faster, then the technological gap may get reversed. Further, the authors find that integration may be welfare improving for both the countries. There are, however, distributional implications. While the consumers always gain from such integration the firms may not.

Originality/value
This paper contributes to the debate on the implication of market integration. In contrast to the literature the authors use a model of vertical product differentiation which is relatively less explored in the literature and formalize the speed of response to market integration as a first mover advantage in R&D. This allows them to establish several interesting results with interesting policy implications.
MOONACS: a mobile on-/offline NFC-based physical access control system
Authors: Gruntz Dominik , Arnosti Christof , Hauri Marco 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present a smartphone-based physical access control system in which the access points are not directly connected to a central authorization server, but rather use the connectivity of the mobile phone to authorize a user access request online by a central access server. The access points ask the mobile phone whether a particular user has access or not. The mobile phone then relays such a request to the access server or presents an offline ticket. One of the basic requirements of our solution is the independence from third parties like mobile network operators, trusted service managers and handset manufacturers.

Design/methodology/approach
The authentication of the smartphone is based on public key cryptography. This requires that the private key is stored in a secure element or in a trusted execution environment to prevent identity theft. However, due to the intended independence from third parties, subscriber identity module (SIM)-based secure elements and embedded secure elements (i.e. separate hardware chips on the handset) were not an option and only one of the remaining secure element architectures could be used: host card emulation (HCE) or a microSD-based secure element.

Findings
This paper describes the implementation of such a physical access control system and discusses its security properties. In particular, it is shown that the HCE approach cannot solve the relay attack under conservative security assumptions and an implementation based on a microSD secure element is presented and discussed. Moreover, the paper also describes an offline solution which can be used if the smartphone is not connected to the access server. In this case, an access token is sent to the access point in response to an access request. These tokens are renewed regularly and automatically whenever the smartphone is connected.

Originality/value
In this paper, a physical access control system is presented which operates as fast as existing card-based solutions. By using a microSD-based secure element (SE), the authors were able to prevent the software relay attack. This solution is not restricted to microSD-based SEs, it could also be implemented with SIM-based or embedded secure elements (with the consequence that the solution depends on third parties).
In pursuit of blended value in social entrepreneurial ventures: an empirical investigation
Authors: Bacq Sophie , Janssen Frank , Kickul Jill R. 
Published: April 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the understanding of the factors that influence social entrepreneurial ventures’ (SEVs) pursuit of a blended value approach. This paper predicts and examines that the mindset of SEV senior decision-makers leads them to perceive organisational goals differently.Design/methodology/approach– This paper tests the hypotheses on an original data set of 171 SEVs by means of discriminant analysis.Findings– The results suggest that social entrepreneurs who display an agency-oriented mindset tend to perceive organisational goals as being single: either social or financial. Conversely, social entrepreneurs who have a stewardship-oriented mindset tend to perceive organisational goals as blending both. The findings also underline that senior decision-makers’ mindsets in terms of governance are far from being uniform in SEVs.Research limitations/implications– The findings empirically contribute to the argument that agency principles do apply to broader contexts than profit-oriented organisations (Wisemanet al., 2012) and frame SEVs as a promising context that redefines principal-agent relationships. It follows that the expected association between non-economic goals and stewardship put forward in the literature needs to be nuanced: only a blended value approach of social and financial objectives is associated with stewardship, whereas single social goals are best perceived by agency-oriented senior decision-makers. The results are limited to a single survey, using cross-sectional data.Practical implications– The findings have a bearing on goal setting in social entrepreneurship. The results suggest that practitioners who display a stewardship mindset are more likely to perceive a double bottom line than those displaying an agency mindset.Originality/value– A novel feature of the model is the incorporation of senior decision-makers’ heterogeneous “governance mindsets” (agency and stewardship) and one of the first empirical tests of blended value in social entrepreneurship.
An organizational taxonomy of entrepreneurship policy delivery structures
Authors: Nielsen Pia Schou 
Published: April 2016

Purpose– Organizing entrepreneurship policy efforts is not an easy task. There are often several different actors involved, and their efforts towards improving conditions for entrepreneurs may be more or less organized. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the organizational archetypes of local entrepreneurship policy, across a number of factors relating to coordination mechanisms and outsourcing.Design/methodology/approach– The study is based on a survey of 77 Danish municipalities, covering 79 per cent of the total population, and their entrepreneurship policy structures. A two-step cluster analysis has been performed to identify taxonomies of entrepreneurship policy organizations.Findings– The findings reveal four different clusters: arm’s length coordination; arm’s length decoupling; internal centralization; and arm’s length centralization. Moreover the study reveals a link between these archetypes and the effectiveness of the local entrepreneurship policy delivery structure, suggesting that some structures may be more effective than other.Originality/value– The paper shifts the focus from policy formulation to organization, showing the importance of organizational structure for better performance. Specifically, the paper illustrates how lack of reaction to the environment leads to underperformance. Moreover, the paper draws the attention towards these new taxonomies, which are of value not only to academia but also to the political world.
Educating graduates for marketing in SMEs
Authors: Cheng Ranis , Lourenço Fernando , Resnick Sheilagh 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
– Despite rising graduate unemployment in the UK, there are insufficient numbers of graduates employed in small and medium sized-enterprises (SMEs). The literature suggests that a teaching emphasis on large organisational business models in higher education institutions, particularly in the teaching of marketing theory, renders the SME sector unattractive to graduate employment and conversely, it is perceived that graduates lack additional “soft skills” vital for SME development and growth. The purpose of this paper is to provide an analysis of how SMEs define marketing and to compare student perspective on marketing within a SME context. This paper also examines the need to improve the conventional marketing curriculum with additional teaching solutions that consider the reality of UK SME ownership and student employment prospects.

Design/methodology/approach
– A qualitative research approach was adopted using in-depth interviews amongst ten SME owners and 20 undergraduate marketing students of a UK university.

Findings
– Findings revealed that the marketing practices used in SMEs were not present in the marketing curriculum in the case university. The employment of marketing graduates was not positively perceived by SME owners and equally, marketing undergraduates did not view SMEs as the career organisation of choice.

Originality/value
– The study re-evaluates the HE marketing curriculum and suggests an update of the curriculum in order to move the university-industry-government relationship away from the traditional knowledge transfer perspective.
Cyclical comovements of the world equity indexes
Authors: Zhou Haigang 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to study synchronization in stock index cycles across 82 countries and the linkage between macroeconomic and financial integration and stock market synchronization.

Design/methodology/approach
– The author document the synchronization structure of the world equity index cycles and its evolution over time. The author examine the explanatory power of various economic and financial variables on cycle comovements.

Findings
– Trade openness, capital openness, and an EU membership contribute to higher stock index cycle synchronization. Additionally, the macroeconomic and financial variables have asymmetric impacts on countries of different development levels.

Originality/value
– The author is the first to thoroughly chronicle the turning points, i.e., bear and bull regimes, of world equity indexes and empirically examine determinants of their cyclical comovement across nations.
Financial integration and diversification benefits: China and ASEAN4 countries
Authors: Nguyen Tung Dao , Elisabeta Pana 
Published: April 2016

Purpose– The strategic partnership between China and ASEAN has resulted in significant financial reforms at the country and regional level. The scale and pace of these changes call for systematic assessments of their bearing on the development and integration of financial markets in this region. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the level of financial integration of the equity markets in China and ASEAN4 countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, and Thailand) for the period 2004-2014.Design/methodology/approach– The authors use theβandσconvergence, dynamic conditional correlation, and wavelet correlation to assess the degree, trend, and change across different time scales of the integration of China-ASEAN4 equity markets. Using two measures of change in return per unit risk and variance, we assess the difference in diversification benefits between an equity portfolio China-ASEAN4 and China-EU.Findings– The authors find that financial integration across China-ASEAN4 equity markets fluctuated between a moderate level before and after the recent crisis and a higher level during the crisis. The results indicate that investors achieve higher diversification benefits from a cross-industry than a cross-country investment strategy within this region.Research limitations/implications– Future research should investigate whether local factors and existing cultural and political differences explain the weak to moderate level of integration of China and emerging ASEAN equity markets.Practical implications– A good understanding of the degree and evolution of the regional financial integration may be used by investors to allocate capital efficiently when adding ASEAN4 equities to a portfolio of Chinese equities.Social implications– Systematic assessments of the regional financial integration contribute to the effort to mitigate the ensuing cross-border financial contagion during crises.Originality/value– The authors argue that that the increase in correlations of CHINA-ASEAN4 equity markets during the recent crisis does not reflect a permanent shift in the dynamic of the dominant markets in the region. While investors achieve higher diversification benefits from a cross-industry than a cross-country investment strategy within this region, the diversification benefits are lower for long-term than short-term investors.
Cointegration-based trading: evidence on index tracking & market-neutral strategies
Authors: Papantonis Ioannis 
Published: April 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to present an alternative approach to equity trading that is based on cointegration. If there are long-run equilibria among financial assets, a cointegration-based trading strategy can exploit profitable opportunities by capturing mean-reverting short-run deviations.Design/methodology/approach– First, the author introduces an equity indexing technique to form cointegration tracking portfolios that are able to replicate an index effectively. The author later enhances this tracking methodology in order to construct more complex portfolio-trading strategies that can be approximately market neutral. The author monitors the performance of a wide range of trading strategies under different specifications, and conducts an in-depth sensitivity analysis of the factors that affect the optimal portfolio construction. Several statistical-arbitrage tests are also carried out in order to examine whether the profitability of the cointegration-based trading strategies could indicate a market inefficiency.Findings– The author shows that under certain parameter specifications, an efficient tracking portfolio is able to produce similar patterns in terms of returns and volatility with the market. The author also finds that a successful long-short strategy of two cointegration portfolios can yield an annualized return of more than 8 percent, outperforming the benchmark and also demonstrating insignificant correlation with the market. Even though some cointegration-based pairs-trading strategies can consistently generate significant cumulative profits, yet they do not seem to converge to risk-less arbitrages, and thus the hypothesis of market efficiency cannot be rejected.Originality/value– The primary contribution of the research lies within the detailed analysis of the factors that affect the tracking-portfolio performance, thus revealing the optimal conditions that can lead to enhanced returns. Results indicate that cointegration can provide the means to successfully reproducing the risk-return profile of a benchmark and to implementing market-neutral strategies with consistent profitability. By testing for statistical arbitrage, the author also provides new evidence regarding the connection between the profit accumulation of cointegration-based pairs-trading strategies and market efficiency.
Patients’ use and views of real‐time feedback technology in general practice
Authors: Wright Christine , Davey Antoinette , Elmore Natasha , Carter Mary , Mounce Luke , Wilson Ed , Burt Jenni , Roland Martin , Campbell John 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundThere is growing interest in real‐time feedback (RTF), which involves collecting and summarizing information about patient experience at the point of care with the aim of informing service improvement.ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility and acceptability of RTF in UK general practice.DesignExploratory randomized trial.Setting/ParticipantsTen general practices in south‐west England and Cambridgeshire. All patients attending surgeries were eligible to provide RTF.InterventionTouch screens were installed in waiting areas for 12 weeks with practice staff responsible for encouraging patients to provide RTF. All practices received fortnightly feedback summaries. Four teams attended a facilitated reflection session.OutcomesRTF ‘response rates’ among consulting patients were estimated, and the representativeness of touch screen users were assessed. The frequency of staff–patient interactions about RTF (direct observation) and patient views of RTF (exit survey) were summarized. Associated costs were collated.ResultsAbout 2.5% consulting patients provided RTF (range 0.7–8.0% across practices), representing a mean of 194 responses per practice. Patients aged above 65 were under‐represented among touch screen users. Receptionists rarely encouraged RTF but, when this did occur, 60% patients participated. Patients were largely positive about RTF but identified some barriers. Costs per practice for the twelve‐week period ranged from £1125 (unfacilitated team‐level feedback) to £1887 (facilitated team ± practitioner‐level feedback). The main cost was the provision of touch screens.ConclusionsResponse rates for RTF were lower than those of other survey modes, although the numbers of patients providing feedback to each practice were comparable to those achieved in the English national GP patient survey. More patients might engage with RTF if the opportunity were consistently highlighted to them.
Drift effects on the multivariate floral phenotype ofCalceolaria polyrhizaduring a post‐glacial expansion in Patagonia
Authors: Maubecin C. C. , Cosacov A. , Sérsic A. N. , Fornoni J. , Benitez‐Vieyra S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractQuaternary environmental changes substantially impacted the landscape and promoted rapid evolutionary changes in many species; however, analyses of adaptive phenotypic variation in plants have usually neglected the underlying historical context. Here, we associate phylogeography and phenotypic evolution by analysing the divergence ofCalceolaria polyrhizamultivariate floral phenotype after a Pleistocene post‐glacial expansion in Patagonia. Phenotypic matrix (P) properties (size, shape, orientation and phenotypic integration) of six refugium and six recent populations from two different phylogroups were compared following different approaches. We found thatP‐matrix shape and orientation remained stable despite the strong phylogeographic footprint of post‐glacial expansion. However, average proportional reductions in matrix size supported the expectation that drift had a significant effect on the floral phenotype in the northern phylogroup. When phylogeographic history was not included in the analyses, the results overestimated phenotypic differences, whereas under explicit phylogeographic control, drift appeared as the best explanation for matrix differences. In general, recent populations showed a larger phenotypic divergence among them, but a lower overall phenotypic variation than refugium populations. Random Skewers analyses indicated a lower potential response to selection in recently colonized populations than in refugium populations. We discuss that the combination of phylogeographic analyses with geographical distribution of functional phenotypic (genotypic) variation is critical not only to understand how historical effects influence adaptive evolution, but also to improve field comparisons in evolutionary ecology studies.
Complete Genome Sequence of UV-Resistant
Campylobacter jejuni
RM3194, Including an 81.08-Kilobase Plasmid
Authors: Gunther Nereus W. , Reichenberger Erin R. , Bono James L. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT

Campylobacter jejuni
strain RM3194 was originally isolated from a human with enteritis and contains a novel 81,079-bp plasmid. RM3194 has exhibited superior survival compared to other
Campylobacter jejuni
strains when challenged with UV light. The chromosome of RM3194 was determined to be 1,651,183 bp, with a G+C content of 30.5%.
Se Chico Buarque numa noite de inverno... Apologia do plágio em Budapeste
Authors: Bacchini Luca 
Published: April 2016

A obra de Chico Buarque, considerada em todas as variedades de suas expressões, revela desde sempre a peculiar capacidade de tecer um intenso diálogo com as obras de outros autores. Obviamente, dependendo da perspectiva crítica, tal característica pode ser enaltecida como admirável vocação à intertextualidade ou, pelo contrário, estigmatizada como desdenhável propensão ao plágio. A partir de uma leitura comparada entre o seu terceiro romance, Budapeste (2006), e Se um viajante numa noite de inverno (1979), de Italo Calvino, pretendo propor uma reflexão sobre a ideia de plágio, evidenciando como o diálogo descontrolado e imprevisível entre livros, escritores e leitores seja um dos recursos mais preciosos e misteriosos da literatura.
Reducing Readmissions After Stroke With a Structured Nurse Practitioner/Registered Nurse Transitional Stroke Program
Authors: Condon Christina , Lycan Sarah , Duncan Pamela , Bushnell Cheryl 
Published: April 2016

Background and Purpose—
Our aim was to determine whether a standardized Transitional Stroke Clinic (TSC) led by nurse practitioners could reduce 30-day and 90-day readmissions for stroke or transient ischemic attack patients discharged home.

Methods—
Phase I consisted of nurse practitioners calling only high-risk patients discharged home within 7 days and performing an office visit within 2 to 4 weeks of discharge. Phase II consisted of all patients discharged home receiving both a 2-day follow-up phone call by a registered nurse and a follow-up visit with a nurse practitioner within 7 to 14 days. Differences in process metrics and readmissions across the 2 phases and overall were assessed. Increasing complexity with multiple chronic conditions (diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, and congestive heart failure) was represented in a continuous variable from 0 to 3. Multivariable logistic regression models for 30-day and 90-day readmissions were performed with adjustment for National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and previous hospitalizations.

Results—

From October 2012 through September 2015, 510 patients were enrolled. From phase I to II, a higher proportion of follow-up calls were made and days from discharge to TSC decreased. Patients readmitted within 30 days were less likely to show for TSC visits (60.85% versus 76.3%;
P
=0.021). Multivariable modeling showed that TSC visit was associated with a 48% reduction in 30-day readmission (odds ratio, 0.518; 95% confidence interval, 0.272–0.986), whereas multiple chronic conditions and previous stroke/transient ischemic attack increased the risk. TSC visit did not impact 90-day readmissions.

Conclusions—
Evaluation in a nurse practitioner–led structured clinic is a model that may reduce readmissions at 30 days for stroke patients discharged home.