bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teaching real‐time video processing theory by using an FPGA‐based educational system and the “learning‐by‐doing” method
Authors: Guzmán‐Ramírez Enrique , Garcia Ivan , González Carlos , Mendoza‐Manzano Manuel 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTIn the present study, we introduce a FPGA‐based educational system called RELI‐EVA (REconfigurable‐Logic‐based system for Implementation and Evaluation of real‐time Video processing and analysis of Algorithms), which has been integrated into a Computer and Electronic Engineering course by following the “learning‐by‐doing” approach. Therefore, the aim of this system is to provide engineering students with an intuitive tool in order to understand the main algorithms for real‐time video processing and create and test some new algorithms before their real implementation in physical systems. Moreover, with the aim of demonstrating the potential of the developed FPGA‐based system, the development of a practical example for edge detection is presented in order to support the theoretical basis of real‐time video processing. Additionally, a qualitative research method was followed to evaluate the proposed tool. A high percentage of the surveyed students corroborated the success of RELI‐EVA as part of an engineering course. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 25:376–391, 2017; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21805
Influence of Terephthalic Acid Substituents on the Catalytic Activity of MIL‐101(Cr) in Three Lewis Acid Catalyzed Reactions
Authors: Santiago‐Portillo Andrea , Navalón Sergio , Concepción Patricia , Álvaro Mercedes , García Hermenegildo 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSix isostructural MIL‐101(Cr)‐X (X: H, NO2, SO3H, Cl, CH3, and NH2) materials have been prepared directly by the reaction of CrIII salts and the corresponding terephthalic acid or by postsynthetic treatments of preformed MIL‐101(Cr) following reported procedures. The materials were characterized by using XRD (crystallinity and coincident diffraction pattern), isothermal N2 adsorption (specific surface areas range from 2740 m2 g−1 for MIL‐101(Cr)‐H to 1250 m2 g−1 for MIL‐101(Cr)‐Cl), thermogravimetry (thermal stability up to 400 °C), and IR spectroscopy (detection of the corresponding substituents), and the results were all in agreement with the reported data for these materials. The MIL‐101(Cr) materials were tested as heterogeneous catalysts for epoxide ring opening by methanol, benzaldehyde acetalization by methanol, and Prins coupling, observing a clear influence of the substituent that in general follows a linear relationship with the Hammett σmeta constant of the substituent: the catalytic activity increases as the electron‐withdrawing ability of the substituents increases. An up to three orders of magnitude enhancement in the presence of the NO2 substituent was found for some of these reactions. The present study illustrates the versatility that metal–organic frameworks offer as heterogeneous catalysts that allow the design of actives sites with adequate properties tuned for each reaction.
Can noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary‐like nuclear features be distinguished from classic papillary thyroid carcinoma and follicular adenomas by fine‐needle aspiration?
Authors: Brandler Tamar C. , Zhou Fang , Liu Cheng Z. , Cho Margaret , Lau Ryan P. , Simsir Aylin , Patel Kepal N. , Sun Wei 
Published: March 2017

BACKGROUNDNoninvasive encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma, a diagnosis implying malignancy as a variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), has recently been reclassified to noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary‐like nuclear features (NIFTP) on surgical pathology. Due to the effects of such a recategorization on rate of malignancy and clinical management algorithms, it is imperative that we explore whether presurgical fine‐needle aspiration can differentiate NIFTP from PTC and follicular adenoma (FA).METHODSCytology slides from subjects with final surgical pathology resection diagnoses of NIFTP/encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma, classic PTC, and FA made between January 2013 and August 2016 were assessed. The Bethesda System diagnoses were tabulated and cytomorphologic features were analyzed for an association with surgical pathology diagnoses.RESULTSA total of 56 NIFTP, 67 classic PTC, and 30 FA cases were included. The presurgical NIFTP diagnosis according to The Bethesda System was most often atypia of undetermined significance (37.5%) followed by suspicious for follicular neoplasm/follicular neoplasm (26.8%), suspicious for malignancy (17.9%), benign (10.7%), and positive for malignancy (7.1%). The most common NIFTP cytomorphologic features were nuclear enlargement (83.9%), nuclear crowding (82.1%), nuclear clearing (69.6%), and microfollicles (73.2%). All cytomorphologic features demonstrated statistically significant associations (P value range, <.001‐.002) between NIFTP and PTC, whereas select cytomorphologic features demonstrated significant associations between NIFTP and FA.CONCLUSIONSSeveral statistically significant associations appear to be present between cytomorphologic features and surgical diagnosis that may be used as clues to distinguish NIFTP, PTC, and FA on fine‐needle aspiration. Although diagnostic confirmation of NIFTP must occur at the time of excision, similar to follicular neoplasms, the possibility of NIFTP may be raised preoperatively on cytology. Cancer Cytopathol 2017;125:378–88. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Tunable Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Nanoparticles from Tannic Acid and Urea and Their Potential for Sustainable Soots
Authors: Berthold Thomas , Castro Claudia Ramirez , Winter Martin , Hoerpel Gerhard , Kurttepeli Mert , Bals Sara , Antonietti Markus , Fechler Nina 
Published: March 2017

AbstractNano‐sized nitrogen‐doped carbon spheres are synthesized from two cheap, readily available and sustainable precursors: tannic acid and urea. In combination with a polymer structuring agent, nitrogen content, sphere size and the surface (up to 400 m2 g−1) can be conveniently tuned by the precursor ratio, temperature and structuring agent content. Because the chosen precursors allow simple oven synthesis and avoid harsh conditions, this carbon nanosphere platform offers a more sustainable alternative to classical soots, for example, as printing pigments or conduction soots. The carbon spheres are demonstrated to be a promising as conductive carbon additive in anode materials for lithium ion batteries.
Rapid Acquisition of X‐Ray Scattering Data from Droplet‐Encapsulated Protein Systems
Authors: Saldanha Oliva , Graceffa Rita , Hémonnot Clément Y. J. , Ranke Christiane , Brehm Gerrit , Liebi Marianne , Marmiroli Benedetta , Weinhausen Britta , Burghammer Manfred , Köster Sarah 
Published: March 2017

AbstractEncapsulating reacting biological or chemical samples in microfluidic droplets has the great advantage over single‐phase flows of providing separate reaction compartments. These compartments can be filled in a combinatoric way and prevent the sample from adsorbing to the channel walls. In recent years, small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) in combination with microfluidics has evolved as a nanoscale method of such systems. Here, we approach two major challenges associated with combining droplet microfluidics and SAXS. First, we present a simple, versatile, and reliable device, which is both suitable for stable droplet formation and compatible with in situ X‐ray measurements. Second, we solve the problem of “diluting” the sample signal by the signal from the oil separating the emulsion droplets by multiple fast acquisitions per droplet and data thresholding. We show that using our method, even the weakly scattering protein vimentin provides high signal‐to‐noise ratio data.
Sex change in the subdioecious shrub Eurya japonica (Pentaphylacaceae)
Authors: Wang Hui , Matsushita Michinari , Tomaru Nobuhiro , Nakagawa Michiko 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSex change affects the sex ratios of plant populations and may play an essential role in the evolutionary shift of sexual systems. Sex change can be a strategy for increasing fitness over the lifetime of a plant, and plant size, environmental factors, and growth rate may affect sex change. We described frequent, repeated sex changes following various patterns in a subdioecious Eurya japonica population over five successive years. Of the individuals, 27.5% changed their sex at least once, and these changes were unidirectional or bidirectional. The sex ratio (females/males/all hermaphrodite types) did not fluctuate over the 5 years. In our study plots, although the current sex ratio among the sexes appears to be stable, the change in sex ratio may be slowly progressing toward increasing females and decreasing males. Sex was more likely to change with higher growth rates and more exposure to light throughout the year. Among individuals that changed sex, those that were less exposed to light in the leafy season and had less diameter growth tended to shift from hermaphrodite to a single sex. Therefore, sex change in E. japonica seemed to be explained by a response to the internal physiological condition of an individual mediated by intrinsic and abiotic environmental factors.
Interacting effects of climate and landscape physiography on piñon pine growth using an individual‐based approach
Authors: Redmond Miranda D. , Kelsey Katharine C. , Urza Alexandra K. , Barger Nichole N. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractForest and woodland ecosystems play a crucial role in the global carbon cycle and may be strongly affected by changing climate. Here, we use an individual‐based approach to model piñon pine (Pinus edulis) radial growth responses to climate across gradients of environmental stress. We sampled piñon pine trees at 24 sites across southwestern Colorado that varied in soil available water capacity (AWC), elevation, and latitude, obtaining a total of 552 piñon pine tree ring series. We used linear mixed‐effect models to assess piñon pine growth responses to climate and site‐level environmental stress (30‐year mean cumulative climatic water deficit [CWD] and soil AWC). Using a similar modeling approach, we also determined long‐term growth trends across our gradients of environmental stress. Piñon pine growth was strongly positively associated with winter precipitation. Summer vapor pressure deficit (VPD) was strongly negatively associated with piñon pine growth during years of low winter precipitation, whereas summer VPD had no effect on piñon pine growth during years of high winter precipitation. The strength of the relationship between the annual climatic variables (winter precipitation and summer VPD) and piñon pine growth was also influenced by site‐level environmental stress, suggesting that the sensitivity of woodland ecosystems to changing climate will vary across the landscape due to differences in local physiographic conditions. Trees at sites with lower CWDs were more responsive to summer VPD, showing greater reductions in growth rates during warmer years. Trees at sites with greater soil AWC were more responsive to winter precipitation, showing higher growth rates during years of high precipitation. Piñon pine growth rates declined moderately over the past century across our study area, suggesting that recent increases in aridity have resulted in long‐term growth declines.
Analysis of high‐frequency and long‐term data in undergraduate ecology classes improves quantitative literacy
Authors: Klug Jennifer L. , Carey Cayelan C. , Richardson David C. , Darner Gougis Rebekka 
Published: March 2017

AbstractEcologists are increasingly analyzing long‐term and high‐frequency sensor datasets as part of their research. As ecology becomes a more data‐rich scientific discipline, the next generation of ecologists needs to develop the quantitative literacy required to effectively analyze, visualize, and interpret large datasets. We developed and assessed three modules to teach undergraduate freshwater ecology students both scientific concepts and quantitative skills needed to work with large datasets. These modules covered key ecological topics of phenology, physical mixing, and the balance between primary production and respiration, using lakes as model systems with high‐frequency or long‐term data. Our assessment demonstrated that participating in these modules significantly increased student comfort using spreadsheet software and their self‐reported competence in performing a variety of quantitative tasks. Interestingly, students with the lowest pre‐module comfort and skills achieved the biggest gains. Furthermore, students reported that participating in the modules helped them better understand the concepts presented and that they appreciated practicing quantitative skills. Our approach demonstrates that working with large datasets in ecology classrooms helps undergraduate students develop the skills and knowledge needed to help solve complex ecological problems and be more prepared for a data‐intensive future.
Meeting the Modeling Needs of Future Energy Systems
Authors: Keles Dogan , Jochem Patrick , McKenna Russell , Ruppert Manuel , Fichtner Wolf 
Published: March 2017

AbstractStructural changes in the energy sector have created considerable challenges for regulators, energy consumers, and suppliers. Energy researchers rely on quantitative modeling approaches to address these challenges. At the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, we have developed several models to analyze today's and the future's energy markets to address the challenges for electricity networks as a result of intermittent renewable and decentralized power and heat supply and to find solutions for integrating demand response. This paper presents a survey of these approaches and discusses further challenges. The developed models have proved to be suitable for answering a range of research questions related to structural changes. As the energy sector remains in a constant state of flux, these models need to be further developed. This means coupling different energy sectors and markets and improving their technical accuracy as well as their spatial and temporal resolutions.
DRESS syndrome: A case of cross‐reactivity with lacosamide?
Authors: Fong Man Kei , Sheng Bun 
Published: March 2017

SummaryA 42‐year‐old patient with epilepsy was admitted to the hospital for fever and generalized skin rash. He has known allergy to phenytoin. Valproate was started in 2012, but failed to control his seizure despite gradual increase in dosage. Phenobarbitone was added 16 days before admission and was stopped on admission. He was treated with beta‐lactam antibiotics. The rash subsided gradually after the cessation of phenobarbitone. Lacosamide was subsequently added for seizure control. Unfortunately, he developed drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome soon after introduction of lacosamide that required the use of systemic steroid for acute hepatitis. A cross‐reactivity with lacosamide was suspected in view of the rapid onset of DRESS syndrome after the initial rash resolution and soon after the introduction of lacosamide. We postulated that the rapid onset of DRESS syndrome may be related to the aromatic ring that is in common among phenytoin, phenobarbitone, and lacosamide.
Integrated expression analysis identifies transcription networks in mouse and human gastric neoplasia
Authors: Chen Zheng , Soutto Mohammed , Rahman Bushra , Fazili Muhammad W. , Peng DunFa , Blanca Piazuelo Maria , Chen Heidi , Kay Washington M. , Shyr Yu , El‐Rifai Wael 
Published: March 2017

AbstractGastric cancer (GC) is a leading cause of cancer‐related deaths worldwide. The Tff1 knockout (KO) mouse model develops gastric lesions that include low‐grade dysplasia (LGD), high‐grade dysplasia (HGD), and adenocarcinomas. In this study, we used Affymetrix microarrays gene expression platforms for analysis of molecular signatures in the mouse stomach [Tff1‐KO (LGD) and Tff1 wild‐type (normal)] and human gastric cancer tissues and their adjacent normal tissue samples. Combined integrated bioinformatics analysis of mouse and human datasets indicated that 172 genes were consistently deregulated in both human gastric cancer samples and Tff1‐KO LGD lesions (P < .05). Using Ingenuity pathway analysis, these genes mapped to important transcription networks that include MYC, STAT3, β‐catenin, RELA, NFATC2, HIF1A, and ETS1 in both human and mouse. Further analysis demonstrated activation of FOXM1 and inhibition of TP53 transcription networks in human gastric cancers but not in Tff1‐KO LGD lesions. Using real‐time RT‐PCR, we validated the deregulated expression of several genes (VCAM1, BGN, CLDN2, COL1A1, COL1A2, COL3A1, EpCAM, IFITM1, MMP9, MMP12, MMP14, PDGFRB, PLAU, and TIMP1) that map to altered transcription networks in both mouse and human gastric neoplasia. Our study demonstrates significant similarities in deregulated transcription networks in human gastric cancer and gastric tumorigenesis in the Tff1‐KO mouse model. The data also suggest that activation of MYC, STAT3, RELA, and β‐catenin transcription networks could be an early molecular step in gastric carcinogenesis.
Identifying dynamic functional connectivity biomarkers using GIG‐ICA: Application to schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and psychotic bipolar disorder
Authors: Du Yuhui , Pearlson Godfrey D. , Lin Dongdong , Sui Jing , Chen Jiayu , Salman Mustafa , Tamminga Carol A. , Ivleva Elena I. , Sweeney John A. , Keshavan Matcheri S. , Clementz Brett A. , Bustillo Juan , Calhoun Vince D. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractFunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have shown altered brain dynamic functional connectivity (DFC) in mental disorders. Here, we aim to explore DFC across a spectrum of symptomatically‐related disorders including bipolar disorder with psychosis (BPP), schizoaffective disorder (SAD), and schizophrenia (SZ). We introduce a group information guided independent component analysis procedure to estimate both group‐level and subject‐specific connectivity states from DFC. Using resting‐state fMRI data of 238 healthy controls (HCs), 140 BPP, 132 SAD, and 113 SZ patients, we identified measures differentiating groups from the whole‐brain DFC and traditional static functional connectivity (SFC), separately. Results show that DFC provided more informative measures than SFC. Diagnosis‐related connectivity states were evident using DFC analysis. For the dominant state consistent across groups, we found 22 instances of hypoconnectivity (with decreasing trends from HC to BPP to SAD to SZ) mainly involving post‐central, frontal, and cerebellar cortices as well as 34 examples of hyperconnectivity (with increasing trends HC through SZ) primarily involving thalamus and temporal cortices. Hypoconnectivities/hyperconnectivities also showed negative/positive correlations, respectively, with clinical symptom scores. Specifically, hypoconnectivities linking postcentral and frontal gyri were significantly negatively correlated with the PANSS positive/negative scores. For frontal connectivities, BPP resembled HC while SAD and SZ were more similar. Three connectivities involving the left cerebellar crus differentiated SZ from other groups and one connection linking frontal and fusiform cortices showed a SAD‐unique change. In summary, our method is promising for assessing DFC and may yield imaging biomarkers for quantifying the dimension of psychosis. Hum Brain Mapp 38:2683–2708, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Conformationally Selective Synthesis of Mononitrocalix[4]arene in Cone or Partial Cone
Authors: Royappa Ana Rita N. S. , Ayer Maxime , Fracassi Alessandro , Ebert Marc‐Olivier , Aroua Safwan , Yamakoshi Yoko 
Published: March 2017

Nitro‐substituted calixarenes in a cone and a partial cone conformation were prepared selectively using distinct synthetic routes. The selective nitration of tris‐ or penta‐substituted phenols of calix[4]arene or calix[6]arene provided mononitrocalix[n]arenes (n = 4, 6). Subsequent addition of ethylene glycol (EG) moieties to mononitrocalix[4]arene provided tetraEGylcalix[4]arene in locked partial cone conformation. By an alternative route – initial addition of EG moieties to the non‐derivatized calix[4]arene followed by the uncontrolled nitration – provided mononitro‐ and dinitro‐tetraEGylcalix[4]arenes locked in the cone conformation. These nitrocalix[4]arenes with locked cone or partial cone conformation are useful building blocks for further assembly of supramolecular systems, especially in the area of material sciences.
Mechanical and microstructural analysis of a radially expandable vascular conduit for neonatal and pediatric cardiovascular surgery
Authors: Loneker Abigail E. , Luketich Samuel K. , Bernstein Doug , Kalra Arush , Nugent Alan W. , D'Amore Antonio , Faulk Denver M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn pediatric cardiovascular surgery, there is a significant need for vascular prostheses that have the potential to grow with the patient following implantation. Current clinical options consist of nonexpanding conduits, requiring repeat surgeries as the patient outgrows the device. To address this issue, PECA Labs has developed a novel ePTFE vascular conduit with the capability of being radially expanded via balloon catheterization. In the described study, a systematic characterization and comparison of two proprietary ePTFE expandable conduits was conducted. Conduit sizes of 8 and 16 mm inner diameters for both conduits were evaluated before and after expansion with a 26 mm balloon. Comprehensive mechanical testing was completed, including quantification of circumferential, and longitudinal tensile strength, suture retention strength, burst strength, water entry pressure, dynamic compliance, and kink radius. Scanning electron microscopy was used to investigate the microstructural properties. Automated extraction of the fiber architectural features for each scanning electron micrograph was achieved with an algorithm for each conduit before and after expansion. Results showed that both conduits were able to expand significantly, to as much as 2.5× their original inner diameter. All mechanical properties were within clinically acceptable values following expansion. Analysis of the microstructure properties of the conduits revealed that the circumferential main angle of orientation, orientation index, and spatial periodicity did not significantly change following expansion, whereas the node area fraction decreased post expansion. Successful proof‐of‐concept of this novel product represents a critical step toward clinical translation and provides hope for newborns and growing children with congenital heart disease. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 659–671, 2018.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Structure of the Human Polyoma JC Virus Agnoprotein
Authors: Coric Pascale , Saribas A. Sami , Abou‐Gharbia Magid , Childers Wayne , Condra Jon H. , White Martyn K. , Safak Mahmut , Bouaziz Serge 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTAgnoprotein is an important regulatory protein of the human polyoma JC virus (JCV) and plays critical roles during the viral replication cycle. It forms highly stable dimers and oligomers through its Leu/Ile/Phe‐rich domain, which is important for the stability and function of the protein. We recently resolved the partial 3D structure of this protein by NMR using a synthetic peptide encompassing amino acids Thr17 to Gln52, where the Leu/Ile/Phe‐ rich region was found to adopt a major alpha‐helix conformation spanning amino acids 23–39. Here, we report the resolution of the 3D structure of full‐length JCV agnoprotein by NMR, which not only confirmed the existence of the previously reported major α‐helix domain at the same position but also revealed the presence of an additional minor α‐helix region spanning amino acid residues Leu6 to lys13. The remaining regions of the protein adopt an intrinsically unstructured conformation. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 3268–3280, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.