bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental identification of modal parameters of an industrial 2‐MW wind turbine
Authors: Zierath János , Rachholz Roman , Rosenow Sven‐Erik , Bockhahn Reik , Schulze Andreas , Woernle Christoph 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis contribution presents modal testing of a 2‐MW wind turbine on a 100‐m tubular tower with a 93‐m rotor developed by W2E Wind to Energy GmbH. This research is part of the DYNAWIND project of the University of Rostock and W2E. Beside classical modal analysis schemes, this contribution mainly focusses on the application of operational modal analysis techniques to a wind turbine. Specific problems are addressed, and hints for modal testing on wind turbines are given. Furthermore, an effective measurement setup is proposed for identification of the modal parameters of a wind turbine. The measurement campaign is divided in two parts. First, a measurement campaign using 8 sensor positions on a rotor blade was done while the rotor is lying on ground. Second, a detailed measurement campaign was done on the entire wind turbine with the rotor locked in Y position using 61 sensor positions on the tower, the mainframe, the gearbox, the generator, and the low‐voltage unit. While the rotor blade was tested by classical and operational modal analysis techniques, the entire wind turbine was tested by operational modal analysis techniques only. The mode shapes and eigenfrequencies of the wind turbine identified within the measurement campaigns are within the expected range of the design values of the wind turbine. But in contrast, the damping ratios differ strongly from those given in guidelines and literature. Furthermore, a strong influence of aerodynamic damping compared to structural damping is observed for the first tower mode even for a parked wind turbine.
Trauma Care in Mongolia: INTACT Evaluation and Recommendations for Improvement
Authors: Lombardo S. , Unurbileg B. , Gerelmaa J. , Bayarbaatar L. , Sarnai E. , Price R. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIntroductionInjury is the third leading cause of death in Mongolia, with a 29% increase in motor vehicle fatalities over the past decade. Half of the population lives outside the urbanized capital of Ulaanbaatar, where access to care is limited. This study evaluates and describes the Mongolian trauma system and makes recommendations for improvements.MethodsHospital‐level data were collected, and an International Assessment of Capacity for Trauma (INTACT) score (0–10) was calculated. INTACT is a validated measure for evaluating trauma capacity in developing countries based on resource availability; a score of 10 reflects ideal staffing and equipment. The survey was administered to key staff members at 10 rural and urban hospitals in spring 2016. INTACT scores were calculated for each hospital and compared to expected INTACT scores based on the World Health Organization Guidelines for Essential Trauma Care (GETC).ResultsUlaanbaatar enjoys a centralized prehospital transportation service and two appropriately resourced tertiary hospitals. Rural Mongolians rely upon regionally located tertiary facilities with similar capabilities. INTACT scores for secondary‐level hospitals (n = 2) failed to meet expected GETC minimums, as did 2 of 4 primary facilities. There are no national standards guiding prehospital care, triage, or transfer. No outpatient rehabilitation facilities exist within Mongolia.ConclusionThe Mongolian trauma system utilizes regionalized care to provide emergency services. Among surveyed hospitals, 60% met GETC standards. Areas for improvement include increased resourcing of primary and secondary facilities, development of rural prehospital systems, adoption of universal standards for patient care, and creation of post‐acute rehabilitation facilities.
Predictive Factors for Intestinal Transmural Necrosis in Patients with Acute Mesenteric Ischemia
Authors: Emile Sameh Hany 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundAcute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) is a serious and potentially fatal condition. No definite parameter can predict transmural bowel necrosis in patients with AMI to justify early surgical intervention. The current study aimed to identify the clinical, laboratory, and radiologic parameters that can successfully predict the onset of intestinal transmural necrosis in patients with AMI.Patients and methodsRecords of patients with AMI in the period of January 2013 to October 2017 were reviewed. Clinical parameters as patients’ symptoms, vital signs, and signs of peritonitis along with the results of laboratory and radiologic investigations were analyzed to identify predictive factors for intestinal transmural necrosis using binary logistic regression analysis.ResultsOne hundred and one patients (70 males) with mean age of 55 years were included. Venous occlusion was the cause of AMI in 78 (77.3%) patients and arterial occlusion in 23 (22.7%) patients. Twenty‐two patients completed conservative treatment successfully, whereas 79 patients required exploratory laparotomy. On laparotomy, six patients were found to have viable bowel. Overall, 28 patients had viable bowel and 73 had bowel necrosis. The significant independent predictors for transmural bowel necrosis were mesenteric arterial occlusion (OR: 26.5, p = 0.02), leukocytosis (OR: 1.3, p < 0.0001), acidosis (OR: 3.8, p = 0.04), free intraperitoneal fluid (OR: 4.21, p = 0.005), and combined portal vein and SMV thrombosis in CT scan (OR: 3.4, p = 0.026).ConclusionThe independent predictors for transmural bowel necrosis were mesenteric arterial occlusion, leukocytosis, acidosis, free intraperitoneal fluid, and combined portal vein and SMV thrombosis in CT scan.
(Once again) Lewis on the analysis of modality
Authors: Divers John , Fletcher Jade 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
We propose a novel interpretation of Lewis on the analysis of modality that is constructed from primary sources, comprehensive and unprecedented (in toto). Our guiding precepts are to distinguish semantics from metaphysics, while respecting the inter-relations between them, and to discern whatever may be special, semantically or metaphysically, about the modal case. Following detailed presentation (Sect. 2), we amplify and advocate our interpretation by providing a conforming genealogy of Lewis’s theory of modality (Sect. 3) and applying it to construct a detailed and newly illuminating version of the Lewisian theory of modality de re (Sect. 4).
Ecological consideration for several methodologies to diagnose vegetation phenology
Authors: Lim Chi Hong , An Ji Hong , Jung Song Hie , Nam Gyung Bae , Cho Yong Chan , Kim Nam Shin , Lee Chang Seok 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA challenge of phenological research is to integrate remotely sensed observations obtained at different spatial and temporal scales to provide information that contains both a high temporal density and fine spatial scale observations. This study aims to improve the level of spatial detail and the temporal density required for efficient monitoring of vegetation phenology by applying two remote sensing techniques, MODIS and digital camera images. Based on the vegetation indices extracted from each measurement, we analyzed phenological changes of vegetation and deduced phenophases transition dates, such as start dates of green‐up and senescence by applying different two methods, the rate of change of curvature, K and HMV. The start and end of the growing season of Mongolian oak expressed in ExG–DC, which were extracted from digital camera image, were agreed well with that of visual assessment. EVI among three vegetation indices (EVI, NDVI and ExG–MI) showed the high correlation with ExG–DC and visual assessment. Based on RMSE, the transition dates assessed by visual observation were agreed better with the dates, which were estimated based on curvature K than with the dates estimated from HMV in all vegetation indices. Sap flow time‐series estimates for the phenological transition dates were closely accorded with the estimates derived from near‐surface time‐series, and coincided better with the dates estimated based on curvature K than that based on HMV. In conclusion, based on the result of this study, we suggest that it is effective to use EXG–DC obtained from digital camera and EVI from MODIS when these two instrument are integrated as the vegetation indices and that curvature K is an effective method for extracting the phenological event dates of vegetation.
Plugging the skills gap: the vital role that women should play in cyber-security
Authors: Cobb Michelle Johnson 
Published: January 2018

The past year has been dominated by cyber-security incidents in the news, including three of the biggest ransomware attacks ever to hit companies globally. Last September's massive Equifax breach continues to throw a spotlight on cyber-security and highlight how important it is for organisations to have protective cyber-security measures in place. Prior to the Apache Struts exploit, many organisations – including critical infrastructure firms – fell victim to WannaCry and NotPetya, increasing cyber-security concerns for nation states as well as businesses. While headlines are full of high-profile breaches, organisations are struggling to find enough people with cyber-security skills. Yet women remain notable by their absence in the cyber-security world. This isn't due to lack of qualifications. There are plenty of women with backgrounds in computer science and other technical and scientific fields who could meet this need. So why isn't this happening? Michelle Johnson Cobb of Skybox Security examines the hurdles that women face and, importantly, how they represent an untapped resource that could address serious issues faced by organisations.
Using the service desk to secure the organisation
Authors: Smith Kevin 
Published: January 2018

Shadowy hackers and cyber-spies tend to dominate the public perception of online threats. Accompanied by clichéd stock images of grim-looking figures wearing face masks and oversized hoodies, they make for great headlines and an over-simplified metaphor to help the public understand the growing cyber-threat landscape. However, the more mundane reality is that – whether directly or indirectly – your everyday employees are the source of most threats to the organisation. The question is, what can we do to mitigate the risk of the insider threat Your employees are the source of most threats to the organisation. The question is, what can we do to mitigate the risk? The key is to bring together relevant IT and security teams united through the actions of an empowered service desk. You'll get better at detecting the early warning signs of a serious threat and proactively securing your endpoints. This kind of preventative approach could end up saving you millions in breach-related losses, argues Kevin Smith of Ivanti.
Indexes of Caring for Elderly in Earthquakes According to the Iranian Experience: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Khodadadi Hassan , Vatankhah Soudabeh , Sadeghi Tabandeh 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe elderly are especially susceptible to death and injury in disasters. This study aimed to identify indexes of caring for elderly people in an earthquake according to the Iranian experience.MethodsThis qualitative study was conducted during 2014–2016 by use of the content analysis technique. Data were collected through individual deep interviews with the elderly and people with experience providing services to the elderly during earthquakes in an urban area of Iran. The data were analyzed by use of the Graneheim and Lundman method.ResultsSeven categories emerged: vulnerability of elderly people, physiological indexes, psychological indexes, economic indexes, religious and spiritual indexes, health indexes, and security indexes. There were 3 uncategorized issues: “There is no specific protocol for the elderly,” “The need to design plans based on age care,” and “Aid organizations.”ConclusionsImplementing a comprehensive plan would not only save lives but decrease suffering and enable effective use of available resources. Due to the crucial role of the prehospital care system in disasters, there is a need for further investigation based on the results of this study to develop strategies for improving the system. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:493–501)
Triage by Resource Allocation for INpatients: A Novel Disaster Triage Tool for Hospitalized Pediatric Patients
Authors: Lin Anna , Taylor Kristine , Cohen Ronald S. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo develop a disaster triage tool for the evacuation of hospitalized neonatal and pediatric populations.MethodsWe expanded an existing neonatal disaster triage tool for the evacuation of a children’s hospital. We assessed inpatients using bedside visual assessments and chart review to categorize patients transport level based on local emergency medical services protocols and expert opinion. The tool was refined by using multiple Plan Do Study Act cycles. Primary outcome was the number of each level of transport required for hospital evacuation. Secondary outcome was improved efficiency of obtaining information about specific transport needs for evacuation.ResultsWe evaluated 1382 patients both visually and through electronic chart review over 10 random days. Accordance between visual assessment and electronic chart review reached 96.3%. During a 2 hour statewide disaster drill, no hospital units completed self-assessed transport needs for their patients; a single nurse used Triage by Resource Allocation in INpatients to determine transportation needs in less than 1 hour. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:692-696)
Characterisation of the French ferret population, husbandry, reported medical care and feeding habits
Authors: Blanchard Géraldine , Marsot Maud , Bourassin Roselyne , Paragon Bernard-Marie , Benet Jean-Jacques , Linsart Adeline 
Published: January 2018

AbstractFerrets have become a common companion animal. But no data are available on the French population of ferrets. The goal of the survey was to characterise this population, including demographic characteristics, husbandry, reported medical care and feeding habits. Complete data were available for 1205 pet ferrets in 709 households. Most ferrets (86·1 %) lived indoors, 1 % received only artificial lighting, and 47 % chewed their cage. For 60 % of the ferrets, body weight was higher in winter and lower in summer. Neutered ferrets (58·5 % of males and 62·9 % of females) appeared lighter than intact ferrets of comparable age. A majority (52·4 %) of ferrets received a mix of commercial foods and fresh foods, but 28·6 % were offered no commercial foods. Data were analysed using several multivariable logistic regression models including age, sex, castration, food type and artificial lighting developed for four clinical outcome (lethargy and/or insulinoma, dental problems, diarrhoea and/or bird-seed stools and alopecia). Predictors of four clinical outcomes (lethargy, dental disease, diarrhoea and alopecia) were examined using multivariable logistic regression, with age, sex, neuter status, food type and artificial lighting as the exposure variables. Aged ferrets were more likely to have lethargy, insulinoma, dental problems and alopecia. Ferrets with artificial lighting were more likely to show alopecia. Additionally, ferrets fed commercial food only or a mixed diet (both commercial food and fresh food) were more likely to have lethargy, insulinoma, dental problems, diarrhoea and/or bird-seed stools compared with ferrets fed fresh food only. We also found a significant association between neutering and alopecia. It is to our knowledge the first description of the French population of the ferret as a companion animal.
The Demands of Glory: Tocqueville and Terror in Algeria
Authors: Duong Kevin 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIt is now commonplace to acknowledge Alexis de Tocqueville's support for Algerian colonization. Less well understood, however, is why he also endorsed the French strategy of “total war” in the regency. How was Tocqueville's liberalism linked to the specific shape of violence in Algeria? By situating his Algerian writings in the intersecting intellectual contexts of the 1840s, this essay argues that Tocqueville endorsed total war in Africa because of his passion for glory. Far from an aristocratic anachronism, that passion was the product of contemporary scientific debates over voluntarism in France. It was also shaped by the lingering legacies of revolutionary republicanism and Bonapartism which defined glory in terms of national defense. By tethering modern liberty to this conception of glory, Tocqueville provided resources for rationalizing settlerism's exterminationist violence.
Trait-based responses of seven annual crops to elevated CO2and water limitation
Authors: McGranahan Devan Allen , Poling Brittany N. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBy potentially disrupting crop production, climate change has been implicated as a threat to global food security. We focus on two elements of climate change: elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration, or e[CO2], and reduced water availability, as caused by drought. Both variables have been shown to have effects on crop physiology, although there is considerable evidence of interactions and moderation by species-specific differences. Measuring traits helps scale environmental effects up to functional responses, and we focused on traits connected to photosynthesis, which has a close association with crop yield. We measured the response of four physiological traits—quantum photosynthetic yield, chlorophyll content, root:shoot ratio and leaf area—across a diverse set of seven annual crop species grown under three levels of e[CO2] (450, 575 and 700 ppm) and two levels of water availability (minimum ~45 and ~15% VWC) in a growth chamber. Species included barley, durum wheat, maize, oats, sorghum, pinto bean and sunflower. Our regression analysis focused on testing for interactions between e[CO2] and water limitation and determining relative effect sizes of climate change impacts across species, data that can be used for species-specific modeling or determining appropriate levels of environmental variables in free-air CO2enrichment studies designed to extend small-scale experimental results to the field. Across all species and all traits, the strongest effect of e[CO2] occurred from 450 to 575 ppm, with only marginal differences from 575 to 700 ppm. We found substantial declines in leaf area across all species as a result of e[CO2] and wide variability in leaf area responses to water limitation. Other traits showed weak and variable responses to both e[CO2] and water limitation. While our data confirm that elements of global change, especially increased atmospheric CO2concentration, do affect traits related to photosynthesis, we found no discernible pattern to suggest which crops might be more resistant to e[CO2].
Bias, insecurity and the level of trust in the judiciary: the case of Brazil
Authors: YEUNG LUCIANA L. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAre judges biased in their decisions? If so, what are the consequences? We propose a conceptual model that estimates the effects of judicial bias and insecurity on the trustworthiness of courts. Additionally, we empirically assess evidence of bias among justices at the Superior Court (STJ). For this purpose, we analyzed 1,412 decisions from 1998 to 2008. Results do not show consistent strong bias toward either the debtor or the creditor. We test a second hypothesis: that Brazilian courts are unpredictable, creating high levels of judicial insecurity. Empirical results corroborate this idea. Finally, we relate the empirical results found in this paper with the conceptual model initially developed, and provide evidence measured by a nationwide survey on the trustworthiness of the judiciary. As our model predicted, preliminary results indicate that citizens have lower levels of trust in the judicial system if courts and judges are biased and unpredictable.
Evidence of a one-dimensional thermodynamic phase diagram for simple glass-formers
Authors: Hansen H. W. , Sanz A. , Adrjanowicz K. , Frick B. , Niss K. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractGlass formers show motional processes over an extremely broad range of timescales, covering more than ten orders of magnitude, meaning that a full understanding of the glass transition needs to comprise this tremendous range in timescales. Here we report simultaneous dielectric and neutron spectroscopy investigations of three glass-forming liquids, probing in a single experiment the full range of dynamics. For two van der Waals liquids, we locate in the pressure–temperature phase diagram lines of identical dynamics of the molecules on both second and picosecond timescales. This confirms predictions of the isomorph theory and effectively reduces the phase diagram from two to one dimension. The implication is that dynamics on widely different timescales are governed by the same underlying mechanisms.
Ultrafast current imaging by Bayesian inversion
Authors: Somnath S. , Law K. J. H. , Morozovska A. N. , Maksymovych P. , Kim Y. , Lu X. , Alexe M. , Archibald R. , Kalinin S. V. , Jesse S. , Vasudevan R. K. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSpectroscopic measurements of current–voltage curves in scanning probe microscopy is the earliest and one of the most common methods for characterizing local energy-dependent electronic properties, providing insight into superconductive, semiconductor, and memristive behaviors. However, the quasistatic nature of these measurements renders them extremely slow. Here, we demonstrate a fundamentally new approach for dynamic spectroscopic current imaging via full information capture and Bayesian inference. This general-mode I–V method allows three orders of magnitude faster measurement rates than presently possible. The technique is demonstrated by acquiring I–V curves in ferroelectric nanocapacitors, yielding >100,000 I–V curves in <20 min. This allows detection of switching currents in the nanoscale capacitors, as well as determination of the dielectric constant. These experiments show the potential for the use of full information capture and Bayesian inference toward extracting physics from rapid I–V measurements, and can be used for transport measurements in both atomic force and scanning tunneling microscopy.
Crystal structure reveals vaccine elicited bactericidal human antibody targeting a conserved epitope on meningococcal fHbp
Authors: López-Sagaseta Jacinto , Beernink Peter T. , Bianchi Federica , Santini Laura , Frigimelica Elisabetta , Lucas Alexander H. , Pizza Mariagrazia , Bottomley Matthew J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractData obtained recently in the United Kingdom following a nationwide infant immunization program against serogroup B Neisseria meningitidis (MenB) reported >80% 4CMenB vaccine-mediated protection. Factor H-binding protein (fHbp) is a meningococcal virulence factor and a component of two new MenB vaccines. Here, we investigated the structural bases underlying the fHbp-dependent protective antibody response in humans, which might inform future antigen design efforts. We present the co-crystal structure of a human antibody Fab targeting fHbp. The vaccine-elicited Fab 1A12 is cross-reactive and targets an epitope highly conserved across the repertoire of three naturally occurring fHbp variants. The free Fab structure highlights conformational rearrangements occurring upon antigen binding. Importantly, 1A12 is bactericidal against MenB strains expressing fHbp from all three variants. Our results reveal important immunological features potentially contributing to the broad protection conferred by fHbp vaccination. Our studies fuel the rationale of presenting conserved protein epitopes when developing broadly protective vaccines.