bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using the Split Squat to Potentiate Bilateral and Unilateral Jump Performance
Authors: Bishop Chris J. , Tarrant Joe , Jarvis Paul T. , Turner Anthony N. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Bishop, CJ, Tarrant, J, Jarvis, PT, and Turner, AN. Using the split squat to potentiate bilateral and unilateral jump performance. J Strength Cond Res 31(8): 2216–2222, 2017—The purpose of this study was to examine if a split squat conditioning exercise with no or light loads could potentiate unilateral and bilateral jump performance. Twelve semiprofessional rugby players (age: 22.3 ± 1.4 years; height: 1.84 ± 0.05 m, mass: 92.4 ± 9.6 kg) from the English National League 1 performed a series of unilateral and bilateral countermovement jumps (CMJ) and broad jumps (BJ) over the course of 2 testing days. Both testing days involved performing baseline jumps before completing 2 sets of 10 repetitions of a split squat, this completed with either bodyweight (testing session 1) or a 30 kg weighted vest (testing session 2). A 5-minute recovery period was permitted both after the warm-up and the completion of the split squat exercise. Significantly larger bilateral jump scores were reported after completion of the bodyweight split squat: CMJ (p = 0.001, ES = 0.44, [mean difference 2.517]), BJ (p = 0.001, ES = 0.37, [mean difference 3.817]), and the weighted vest split squat; CMJ (p = 0.001, ES = 0.8, [mean difference 4.383]), BJ (p = 0.001, ES = 0.68, [mean difference 6.817]). The findings of this study demonstrate that no or light loads of a split squat conditioning exercise are able to potentiate bilateral jump performance in semiprofessional rugby players without the need for expensive weight room equipment. As such, this may provide coaches with a viable option of enhancing bilateral jump performance as part of a warm-up or on-field conditioning practice.
Impact of Measured vs. Predicted Residual Lung Volume on Body Fat Percentage Using Underwater Weighing and 4-Compartment Model
Authors: Nickerson Brett S. , Esco Michael R. , Bishop Phillip A. , Schumacker Randall E. , Richardson Mark T. , Fedewa Michael V. , Wingo Jonathan E. , Welborn Bailey A. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Nickerson, BS, Esco, MR, Bishop, PA, Schumacker, RE, Richardson, MT, Fedewa, MV, Wingo, JE, and Welborn, BA. Impact of measured vs. predicted residual lung volume on body fat percentage using underwater weighing and 4-compartment model. J Strength Cond Res 31(9): 2519–2527, 2017—The purpose of this study was to compare underwater weighing (UWW) and 4-compartment (4C) model body fat percentage (BF%) for predicted vs. simultaneously measured residual lung volume (RLV). Forty-seven women and 33 men (age = 22 ± 5 years) had UWW and 4C model BF% determined using Boren et al. (RLVBOREN), Goldman and Becklake (RLVGB), and Miller et al. (RLVMILLER) RLV prediction equations. Criterion UWW BF% included body density (BD) values with simultaneous RLV. Criterion 4C model BF% included BD through UWW with simultaneous RLV, total body water through bioimpedance spectroscopy, and bone mineral content through dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. The standard error of estimate (SEE) for UWW and 4C model BF% determined through RLV prediction equations varied from 2.0 to 2.6% and from 1.3 to 1.5%, respectively. The constant error (CE) was significantly different for UWW BF% when using RLVBOREN, RLVGB, and RLVMILLER (all p < 0.016; CE = 0.7, −2.0, 1.0%, respectively). However, the CEs for RLVBOREN and RLVMILLER were not significant in the 4C model (p = 0.73 and 0.11; CE = 0.1 and 0.2%, respectively), whereas RLVGB remained significantly different (p < 0.001; CE = −1.5%). The 95% limits of agreement were less than ±5.2% for UWW BF% and less than ±3.1% for the 4C model when using the 3 RLV equations. When used in a 4C model, the RLV equations yielded a smaller CE, SEE, and 95% limits of agreement than UWW BF% results. However, because of the range of individual error shown in the current study, caution should be employed when using the 4C model as a criterion method with predicted RLV.
Warm-up for Sprint Swimming: Race-Pace or Aerobic Stimulation? A Randomized Study
Authors: Neiva Henrique P. , Marques Mário C. , Barbosa Tiago M. , Izquierdo Mikel , Viana João L. , Teixeira Ana M. , Marinho Daniel A. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Neiva, HP, Marques, MC, Barbosa, TM, Izquierdo, M, Viana, JL, Teixeira, AM, and Marinho, DA. Warm-up for sprint swimming: race-pace or aerobic stimulation? A randomized study. J Strength Cond Res 31(9): 2423–2431, 2017—The aim of this study was to compare the effects of 2 different warm-up intensities on 100-m swimming performance in a randomized controlled trial. Thirteen competitive swimmers performed two 100-m freestyle time-trials on separate days after either control or experimental warm-up in a randomized design. The control warm-up included a typical race-pace set (4 × 25 m), whereas the experimental warm-up included an aerobic set (8 × 50 m at 98–102% of critical velocity). Cortisol, testosterone, blood lactate ([La−]), oxygen uptake (V̇o
2), heart rate, core (Tcore and Tcorenet) and tympanic temperatures, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were monitored. Stroke length (SL), stroke frequency (SF), stroke index (SI), and propelling efficiency (ηp) were assessed for each 50-m lap. We found that V̇o
2, heart rate, and Tcorenet were higher after experimental warm-up (d > 0.73), but only the positive effect for Tcorenet was maintained until the trial. Performance was not different between conditions (d = 0.07). Experimental warm-up was found to slow SF (mean change ±90% CL = 2.06 ± 1.48%) and increase SL (1.65 ± 1.40%) and ηp (1.87 ± 1.33%) in the first lap. After the time-trials, this warm-up had a positive effect on Tcorenet (d = 0.69) and a negative effect on [La−] (d = 0.56). Although the warm-ups had similar outcomes in the 100-m freestyle, performance was achieved through different biomechanical strategies. Stroke length and efficiency were higher in the first lap after the experimental warm-up, whereas SF was higher after control warm-up. Physiological adaptations were observed mainly through an increased Tcore after experimental warm-up. In this condition, the lower [La−] after the trial suggests lower dependency on anaerobic metabolism.
Mammalian FMRP S499 Is Phosphorylated by CK2 and Promotes Secondary Phosphorylation of FMRP
Authors: Bartley Christopher M. , O’Keefe Rachel A. , Blice-Baum Anna , Mihailescu Mihaela-Rita , Gong Xuan , Miyares Laura , Karaca Esra , Bordey Angélique 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) is an mRNA-binding regulator of protein translation that associates with 4-6% of brain transcripts and is central to neurodevelopment. Autism risk genes’ transcripts are overrepresented among FMRP-binding mRNAs, and FMRP loss-of-function mutations are responsible for fragile X syndrome, the most common cause of monogenetic autism. It is thought that FMRP-dependent translational repression is governed by the phosphorylation of serine residue 499 (S499). However, recent evidence suggests that S499 phosphorylation is not modulated by metabotropic glutamate receptor class I (mGluR-I) or protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), two molecules shown to regulate FMRP translational repression. Moreover, the mammalian FMRP S499 kinase remains unknown. We found that casein kinase II (CK2) phosphorylates murine FMRP S499. Further, we show that phosphorylation of FMRP S499 permits phosphorylation of additional, nearby residues. Evidence suggests that these nearby residues are modulated by mGluR-I and PP2A pathways. These data support an alternative phosphodynamic model of FMRP that is harmonious with prior studies and serves as a framework for further investigation.
Long-Term Potentiation at the Mossy Fiber–Granule Cell Relay Invokes Postsynaptic Second-Messenger Regulation of Kv4 Channels
Authors: Rizwan Arsalan P. , Zhan Xiaoqin , Zamponi Gerald W. , Turner Ray W. 
Published: November 2016

Mossy fiber afferents to cerebellar granule cells form the primary synaptic relay into cerebellum, providing an ideal site to process signal inputs differentially. Mossy fiber input is known to exhibit a long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic efficacy through a combination of presynaptic and postsynaptic mechanisms. However, the specific postsynaptic mechanisms contributing to LTP of mossy fiber input is unknown. The current study tested the hypothesis that LTP induces a change in intrinsic membrane excitability of rat cerebellar granule cells through modification of Kv4 A-type potassium channels. We found that theta-burst stimulation of mossy fiber input in lobule 9 granule cells lowered the current threshold to spike and increases the gain of spike firing by 2- to 3-fold. The change in postsynaptic excitability was traced to hyperpolarizing shifts in both the half-inactivation and half-activation potentials of Kv4 that occurred upon coactivating NMDAR and group I metabotropic glutamatergic receptors. The effects of theta-burst stimulation on Kv4 channel control of the gain of spike firing depended on a signaling cascade leading to extracellular signal-related kinase activation. Under physiological conditions, LTP of synaptically evoked spike output was expressed preferentially for short bursts characteristic of sensory input, helping to shape signal processing at the mossy fiber–granule cell relay.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTCerebellar granule cells receive mossy fiber inputs that convey information on different sensory modalities and feedback from descending cortical projections. Recent work suggests that signal processing across multiple cerebellar lobules is controlled differentially by postsynaptic ionic mechanisms at the level of granule cells. We found that long-term potentiation (LTP) of mossy fiber input invoked a large increase in granule cell excitability by modifying the biophysical properties of Kv4 channels through a specific signaling cascade. LTP of granule cell output became evident in response to bursts of mossy fiber input, revealing that Kv4 control of intrinsic excitability is modified to respond most effectively to patterns of afferent input that are characteristic of physiological sensory patterns.
Effects of Long-Term Exercise on Age-Related Hearing Loss in Mice
Authors: Han Chul , Ding Dalian , Lopez Maria-Cecilia , Manohar Senthilvelan , Zhang Yanping , Kim Mi-Jung , Park Hyo-Jin , White Karessa , Kim Yong Hwan , Linser Paul , Tanokura Masaru , Leeuwenburgh Christiaan , Baker Henry V. , Salvi Richard J. , Someya Shinichi 
Published: November 2016

Regular physical exercise reduces the risk for obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and disability and is associated with longer lifespan expectancy (Taylor et al., 2004; Pahor et al., 2014; Anton et al., 2015; Arem et al., 2015). In contrast, decreased physical function is associated with hearing loss among older adults (Li et al., 2013; Chen et al., 2015). Here, we investigated the effects of long-term voluntary wheel running (WR) on age-related hearing loss (AHL) in CBA/CaJ mice, a well established model of AHL (Zheng et al., 1999). WR activity peaked at 6 months of age (12,280 m/d) and gradually decreased over time. At 24 months of age, the average WR distance was 3987 m/d. Twenty-four-month-old runners had less cochlear hair cell and spiral ganglion neuron loss and better auditory brainstem response thresholds at the low and middle frequencies compared with age-matched, non-WR controls. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of inner ear tissues from 6-month-old controls and runners revealed that WR resulted in a marked enrichment for GO gene sets associated with immune response, inflammatory response, vascular function, and apoptosis. In agreement with these results, there was reduced stria vascularis (SV) atrophy and reduced loss of capillaries in the SV of old runners versus old controls. Given that SV holds numerous capillaries that are essential for transporting oxygen and nutrients into the cochlea, our findings suggest that long-term exercise delays the progression of AHL by reducing age-related loss of strial capillaries associated with inflammation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNearly two-thirds of adults aged 70 years or older develop significant age-related hearing loss (AHL), a condition that can lead to social isolation and major communication difficulties. AHL is also associated with decreased physical function among older adults. In the current study, we show that regular exercise slowed AHL and cochlear degeneration significantly in a well established murine model. Our data suggest that regular exercise delays the progression of AHL by reducing age-related loss of strial capillaries associated with inflammation.
Bottom-Up versus Top-Down Induction of Sleep by Zolpidem Acting on Histaminergic and Neocortex Neurons
Authors: Uygun David S. , Ye Zhiwen , Zecharia Anna Y. , Harding Edward C. , Yu Xiao , Yustos Raquel , Vyssotski Alexei L. , Brickley Stephen G. , Franks Nicholas P. , Wisden William 
Published: November 2016

Zolpidem, a GABAAreceptor-positive modulator, is the gold-standard drug for treating insomnia. Zolpidem prolongs IPSCs to decrease sleep latency and increase sleep time, effects that depend on α2 and/or α3 subunit-containing receptors. Compared with natural NREM sleep, zolpidem also decreases the EEG power, an effect that depends on α1 subunit-containing receptors, and which may make zolpidem-induced sleep less optimal. In this paper, we investigate whether zolpidem needs to potentiate only particular GABAergic pathways to induce sleep without reducing EEG power. Mice with a knock-in F77I mutation in the GABAAreceptor γ2 subunit gene are zolpidem-insensitive. Using these mice, GABAAreceptors in the frontal motor neocortex and hypothalamic (tuberomammillary nucleus) histaminergic-neurons of γ2I77 mice were made selectively sensitive to zolpidem by genetically swapping the γ2I77 subunits with γ2F77 subunits. When histamine neurons were made selectively zolpidem-sensitive, systemic administration of zolpidem shortened sleep latency and increased sleep time. But in contrast to the effect of zolpidem on wild-type mice, the power in the EEG spectra of NREM sleep was not decreased, suggesting that these EEG power-reducing effects of zolpidem do not depend on reduced histamine release. Selective potentiation of GABAAreceptors in the frontal cortex by systemic zolpidem administration also reduced sleep latency, but less so than for histamine neurons. These results could help with the design of new sedatives that induce a more natural sleep.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMany people who find it hard to get to sleep take sedatives. Zolpidem (Ambien) is the most widely prescribed “sleeping pill.” It makes the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA work better at its receptors throughout the brain. The sleep induced by zolpidem does not resemble natural sleep because it produces a lower power in the brain waves that occur while we are sleeping. We show using mouse genetics that zolpidem only needs to work on specific parts and cell types of the brain, including histamine neurons in the hypothalamus, to induce sleep but without reducing the power of the sleep. This knowledge could help in the design of sleeping pills that induce a more natural sleep.
Effect of vitamin D supplementation on health status in non-vitamin D deficient people with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Westra S , Krul-Poel Y H M , van Wijland H J , ter Wee M M , Stam F , Lips P , Pouwer F , Simsek S 
Published: November 2016

Objective
Increased levels of depressive symptoms, fatigue or pain (all dimensions of reduced health-related quality of life (HRQOL)) are common in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Earlier studies have reported associations between low vitamin D status and fatigue and depressive symptoms. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of vitamin D supplementation on dimensions of HRQOL in people with type 2 DM.

Design
Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Methods
The effect of monthly cholecalciferol 50,000 IU vs placebo on HRQOL was assessed in 275 adults with type 2 DM derived from general practices. HRQOL at baseline and after six months using the Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) was collected. Linear regression analyses were used to compare the change in HRQOL over time between the vitamin D and placebo group.

Results
187/275 (68%) completed baseline and follow-up SF-36 and were included in the analysis. Median serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D almost doubled in the intervention group compared to that in the placebo group (58.5–106.0 nmol/L vs 60.0–61.5 nmol/L, respectively). A small significant difference (adjusted B: −8.90; 95% CI: −17.16 to −0.65) between both groups was seen concerning the SF-36 domain role limitations due to physical problems in disadvantage of the vitamin D group.

Conclusions
Six months of vitamin D supplementation did not improve HRQOL in non-vitamin D-deficient people with type 2 DM managed on oral antidiabetic therapy.
Seven years of growth hormone (GH) replacement improves quality of life in hypopituitary patients with adult-onset GH deficiency
Authors: Elbornsson Mariam , Horvath Alexandra , Götherström Galina , Bengtsson Bengt-Åke , Johannsson Gudmundur , Svensson Johan 
Published: November 2016

Objective
Few studies have determined the effects of long-term growth hormone (GH) replacement on quality of life (QoL). This study investigated the effects of 7 years of GH replacement on QoL.

Design
A prospective, single-center, open-label study of 95 adults (mean age 52.8 years; 46 men) with adult-onset GH deficiency (GHD).

Methods
QoL was measured using Quality of Life-Assessment for Growth Hormone Deficiency in Adults (QoL-AGHDA) and Psychological General Well-Being (PGWB) scores.

Results
The GH dose was gradually increased from 0.13 mg/day to 0.42 mg/day. IGF-I SD score increased from −1.49 at baseline to 0.35 at study end. The GH replacement induced sustained improvements in total QoL-AGHDA and PGWB scores. GHD women had a more marked improvement in total QoL-AGHDA score than GHD men after 5 and 7 years. Most of the improvement in QoL was seen during the first year, but there was a small further improvement also after one year as measured using QoL-AGHDA. All QoL-AGHDA dimensions improved, but the improvement in memory and concentration as well as tenseness occurred later than that of other dimensions. Correlation analysis demonstrated that the patients with the lowest baseline QoL had the greatest improvement in QoL.

Conclusions
Seven years of GH replacement improved QoL with the most marked improvements in GHD women and in patients with low baseline QoL. Most, but not all, of the improvement in QoL was seen during the first year. Some QoL-AGHDA dimensions (memory and concentration, tenseness) responded at a slower rate than other dimensions.
Modification of an Established Pediatric Asthma Pathway Improves Evidence-Based, Efficient Care
Authors: Rutman Lori , Atkins Robert C. , Migita Russell , Foti Jeffrey , Spencer Suzanne , Lion K. Casey , Wright Davene R. , Leu Michael G. , Zhou Chuan , Mangione-Smith Rita 
Published: November 2016

OBJECTIVE:In September 2011, an established pediatric asthma pathway at a tertiary care children’s hospital underwent significant revision. Modifications included simplification of the visual layout, addition of evidence-based recommendations regarding medication use, and implementation of standardized admission criteria. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of the modified asthma pathway on pathway adherence, percentage of patients receiving evidence-based care, length of stay, and cost.METHODS:Cases were identified by using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification diagnosis codes. Data were analyzed for 24 months before and after pathway modification. Statistical process control was used to examine changes in processes of care, and interrupted time series was used to examine outcome measures, including length of stay and cost in the premodification and postmodification periods.RESULTS:A total of 5584 patients were included (2928 premodification; 2656 postmodification). Pathway adherence was high (79%–88%) throughout the study period. The percentage of patients receiving evidence-based care improved after pathway modification, and the results were sustained for 2 years. There was also improved efficiency, with a 30-minute (10%) decrease in emergency department length of stay for patients admitted with asthma (P = .006). There was a nominal (&lt;10%) increase in costs of asthma care for patients in the emergency department (P = .04) and no change for those admitted to the hospital.CONCLUSIONS:Modification of an existing pediatric asthma pathway led to sustained improvement in provision of evidence-based care and patient flow without adversely affecting costs. Our results suggest that continuous re-evaluation of established clinical pathways can lead to changes in provider practices and improvements in patient care.
The Relevance of Four Types of Knowledge for Leader Preparation in Radically Different Settings: Reflections on Data from a Case Study in Qatar and Teaching at a United States Military Academy
Authors: Bakken Richard , Dobbs James 
Published: November 2016

<p>Based on our experiences at a military service academy and the study of leadership informing administrators in overseas branch campuses, we propose a link between conceptual leadership development in these learning environments and the relevance of the four types of knowledge - declarative, procedural, contextual, and somatic for educational administrators and leadership educators. Demonstrating an appropriate and experiential frame of reference through application of the knowledge types can help inform students and educational leaders about contextual applications of leadership and affect leadership development in diverse educational settings. Our paper also discusses application challenges and impact on future learning environments. Through examination of the chosen environments we maintain that effective leader development requires a balance between institution-centered experiential exercises and learner-centered pedagogy based on the contextual learning environments explored. </p>
VULNERABILIDADES NO ENVOLVIMENTO FEMININO COM DROGAS: UM ESTUDO COM MULHERES EM SITUAÇÃO DE PRISÃO
Authors: Thomaz Geisa Copello , Oliveira Jeane Freitas de , Ferreira Bispo Tânia Christiane Ferreira 
Published: November 2016

Introdução: O envolvimento feminino com as drogas se dá de diferentes maneiras. A maioria das mulheres ainda ocupam posição coadjuvante neste tipo de crime, mas seja qual for a forma de participação, constitui um elemento de vulnerabilidade para essas mulheres. Objetivo: O presente artigo teve como objetivo descrever elementos de vulnerabilidade no envolvimento feminino com drogas. Metodologia: Tratou-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, desenvolvida com onze mulheres de uma penitenciária feminina de Salvador, BA, que cumpriam sentença por infrações relacionadas ao fenômeno das drogas. Para coleta de dados utilizou-se as técnicas de desenho estória-tema e a entrevista semiestruturada, cujo conteúdo foi analisado pela análise de conteúdo temática, norteada pelos princípios da Teoria das Representações Sociais. Resultados: Para as entrevistadas a influência de companheiro e amigos, traumas/revoltas da vida, dificuldades financeiras e a busca de visibilidade e poder foram apontados como elementos de vulnerabilidade para seu envolvimento com as drogas. Conclusão: Os resultados apresentados pelas mulheres em situação de prisãorefletem a condição da mulher num contexto de desigualdades e na busca de visibilidade, cujo consumo de drogas e a participação no narcotráfico se apresentam como estratégias de enfrentamento. Essas estratégias, contudo, ocasionam, dentre outros aspectos, situações de sofrimento para as próprias mulheres e seus familiares.