bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Explicit incipient motion of cohesive and non‐cohesive sediments using simple hydraulics
Authors: Woldegiorgis Befekadu Taddesse , Van Griensven Ann , Bauwens Willy 
Published: January 2018

AbstractExisting dimensionless expressions that represent the incipient motion of sediments are based on studies of non‐cohesive sediments. Because of the complex behaviour of cohesive sediments, many simulators also assume non‐cohesiveness when simulating the erosion of cohesive sediments. However, studies show that the critical shear force needed for entrainment is much higher for consolidated cohesive sediments than for similarly sized non‐cohesive sediments. Treating cohesive sediments as non‐cohesive sediments thus will introduce a significant error with regard to quantifying the eroded sediment mass. On the other hand, the existing expressions of non‐cohesive sediments require relatively detailed hydraulic calculations to estimate the shear velocity or the bed shear stress and thus cannot be used with simplified simulators. Therefore, it is essential to have a versatile simple explicit method that estimates the incipient motion condition of both the consolidated cohesive and non‐cohesive sediments whenever needed. In this paper, explicit analytical expressions are proposed that simulate the incipient motion of consolidated cohesive and non‐cohesive sediments, based on the critical erosion curves of the Hjulström–Sundborg–Miedema diagram. The new method reproduces the latter diagram with high precision. It also mimics the critical incipient condition of non‐cohesive sediments determined by a well‐known analytical method for other experimental data sets and for the East Fork River without the need of an iterative solution. The new approach provides essential information for estimating the entrainment condition of pebbles or finer sediments. Besides, the use of the mean flow velocity and the flow depth as predictors of incipient condition allows for its easy and efficient implementation in conceptual simulators that do not perform detailed hydraulic calculations and for use by modelers that are not familiar with the hydrotechnical literature. It also reduces the computation time required for simulation.
Auditory structural connectivity in preterm and healthy term infants during the first postnatal year
Authors: Zubiaurre‐Elorza Leire , Linke Annika C. , Herzmann Charlotte , Wild Conor J. , Duffy Hester , Lee David S.C. , Han Victor K. , Cusack Rhodri 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAssessing language development in the first postnatal year is difficult, as receptive and expressive skills are rudimentary. Although outward manifestations of change are limited, the auditory language system is thought to undergo critical development at this age, as the foundations are laid for the rapid onset of spoken language in the second and third years. We recruited 11 infants, 7 healthy controls (gestational age = 40.69 ± 0.56; range from 40 to 41.43) and preterm babies (gestational age = 28.04 ± 0.95; range from 27.43 to 29.43) who underwent a Magnetic Resonance Imaging study during the first postnatal year (age at scan = 194.18 ± 97.98). We assessed white matter tracts using diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging with probabilistic tractography. Fractional anisotropy was found to be largely mature even at one month, although there was a little further increase during the first postnatal year in both the acoustic radiation and the direct brainstem‐Heschl's pathway.
Olive (Olea europaea L. cv. Galega vulgar) Seed Oil: A First Insight into the Major Lipid Composition of a Promising Agro‐Industrial By‐Product at Two Ripeness Stages
Authors: Alves Eliana , Rey Felisa , Costa Elisabete da , Moreira Ana S. P. , Pato Luísa , Pato Luís , Domingues Maria do Rosário M. , Domingues Pedro 
Published: January 2018

Olive seeds are promising industrial by‐products whose study acquires relevance both for valuing their biotechnological potential and for discriminating the origin and/or the edaphoclimatic conditions of olives. Herein, the fatty acid (FA) and triacylglycerol (TAG) profiles of total lipid extracts and neutral lipid fractions from olive seeds (Olea europaea L. cv. Galega vulgar), at two ripeness stages, are analyzed by mass spectrometry (MS)‐based approaches. In both olive seeds (green and ripe), the predominant FA are C18:1(n‐9) (56%), C18:2(n‐6) (17%), and C16:0 (18%). The seeds also contained the essential FA C18:3(n‐3) (0.11%). Ripeness led to a decrease of saturated FA and an increase of unsaturated FA. In total lipid extracts, major FA (C18:1(n‐9) and C18:0) could distinguish green from ripe olives (p < 0.05). In neutral lipid fractions, besides major FA (C18:1(n‐9) and C16:0), minor ones (C14:0, C18:3(n‐3), C20:0, and C22:0) could distinguish ripeness stages (p < 0.05). The relative amount of nine TAG is significantly different between green and ripe olives (p < 0.05), of which six are minor TAG. Olive seeds and their oil are a good source of n‐9 monounsaturated FA, and n‐6 and n‐3 polyunsaturated FA, being n‐3 higher in ripe olives. The ripeness stage can be distinguished by minor FA and minor TAG using MS.Practical Applications: Considering the high proportion of unsaturated and essential FA that make up olive seeds/olive seed oil, and knowing how these proportions shift according to olive ripeness, will allow different industries to explore several potential applications of these promising agro‐industrial by‐products. Besides, profiling the FA and TAG composition of olive seed oil by MS‐based lipidomic approaches reveals that both the highest and the lowest abundant lipid molecules within these classes might be used as potential biochemical markers to discriminate these oils based on fruit ripeness stage.Olive seed oil is rich in mono‐ (56%) and in polyunsaturated (17%) fatty acids (FA). During ripeness, saturated FA decrease and unsaturated increase. Minor FA of neutral lipid fraction can distinguish green and ripe olive seed oils. Less abundant triacylglycerols allow discriminating seed oils from different ripeness stages. Based on its major lipid composition, olive seed oil has several potential applications within different industries.
Assessment of a high‐order MUSCL method for rotor flows
Authors: Jimenez‐Garcia A. , Barakos G. N. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryThis work presents the implementation of a high‐order, finite‐volume scheme suitable for rotor flows. The formulation is based on the variable extrapolation MUSCL‐scheme, where high‐order spatial accuracy (up to fourth‐order) is achieved using correction terms obtained through successive differentiation. A variety of results are presented, including 2‐ and 3‐dimensional test cases. Results with the proposed scheme, showed better wake and higher resolution of vortical structures compared with the standard MUSCL, even when coarse meshes were employed. The method was also demonstrated for 3‐dimensional unsteady flows using overset and moving grids for the UH‐60A rotor in forward flight and the Enhanced Rotorcraft Innovative Concept Achievement tiltrotor in aeroplane mode. For medium grids, the present method adds reasonable CPU and memory overheads and offers good accuracy on relatively coarse grids.
Nutritional composition and antinutritional properties of maize ogi cofermented with pigeon pea
Authors: Okafor Uchechukwu I. , Omemu Adebunkola M. , Obadina Adewale O. , Bankole Mobolaji O. , Adeyeye Samuel A. O. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMaize was cofermented with pigeon pea for ogi production and evaluated for nutritional (proximate composition, minerals, vitamins, and amino acid profile analyses) and antinutritional (phytate, tannin, and trypsin inhibitor activity analyses) qualities. White maize and pigeon pea were mixed at ratios of 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, and 50:50, respectively, with 100:0 serving as the control. Mixtures were cofermented for 96 hr at 27°C ± 2°C and nutritional, mineral, and antinutritional qualities were analyzed using analysis of variance. Results of proximate analysis showed that the values were significantly difference at p ≤ .05. Maize cofermented with pigeon pea at a ratio of 60:40 had the highest protein (22.79 mg/100 g), fat (19.27 mg/100 g), ash (2.98 mg/100 g), crude fiber (0.73 mg/100 g), and lowest moisture (1.98 mg/100 g) content, and was significantly (p ≤ .05) different from the other ratios. Of all the mixtures analyzed, 60:40 was significantly (p ≤ .05) different and had the highest Vitamin B1, B2, and B3 contents. Amino acid profile results showed that maize cofermented with pigeon pea at a ratio of 60:40 showed the highest contents of lysine (93.95 mg/g), tryptophan (20.38 mg/g), isoleucine (54.78 mg/g), phenylalanine (86.23 mg/g), leucine (109.55 mg/g), and valine (68.29 mg/g), respectively, and was significantly (p ≤ .05) different from the other ratios. Results of antinutritional analysis showed low phytate, tannin, and trypsin inhibitor values in maize cofermented with pigeon pea at a ratio of 60:40 when compared with other ratios. The cofermented maize‐pigeon pea product 60:40 had high amino acid profile than the others.
The effect of inulin as a fat substitute on the physicochemical and sensory properties of chicken sausages
Authors: Alaei Fereshteh , Hojjatoleslamy Mohammad , Hashemi Dehkordi Seyyed Majid 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDue to its high thermal resistance and compatibility with the sausage emulsion system, the long‐chain inulin can be used as a fat substitute in the formulation of this product. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of inulin on the physicochemical, textural, and sensory properties of chicken sausages. The study included treatments of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% substitution. After preparing the samples, their physicochemical, textural, calorimetric, and sensory properties were evaluated. The treatment of 100% substitution of inulin had the maximum amount of sugar (29.90%), moisture (72.63%), protein (51.34), ash (6.95%), and salt (4.02%) (dry basis). The fat content was decreased with the increased levels of inulin substitution (p < .05). The increased amount of inulin reduced hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and stringiness, but increased springiness and chewiness up to the 25% substitution of inulin. The highest color difference and hue angle were related to 100% substitution treatment. The sensory evaluation of the samples showed that with the increase in the amount of inulin, the mean scores of the factors including color, appearance, and texture were increased, but the mean scores of smell and mouthfeel were decreased. Overall, the substitution of the entire fat existing in the formulation of the sausage with inulin led to the best physicochemical, textural, colorimetric, and sensory results. The use of inulin could be recommended as a fat substitute in the formulation of chicken sausages.
Effect of time to simulation and treatment for patients with oropharyngeal cancer receiving definitive radiotherapy in the era of risk stratification using smoking and human papillomavirus status
Authors: Amsbaugh Mark J. , Yusuf Mehran , Cash Elizabeth , Silverman Craig , Potts Kevin , Dunlap Neal 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe effect of increasing time to definitive radiotherapy (RT) for patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is unknown.MethodsNodal tumor volumes at staging and simulation were compared for patients with oropharyngeal SCC. Time from staging to initiation of RT was tabulated. The primary endpoint of interest was nodal progression at simulation.ResultsIncreasing time to simulation was associated with nodal progression in 144 patients (r = 0.474; P < .001). Patients with human papillomavirus (HPV)‐associated oropharyngeal SCC were more likely to have nodal progression (50% vs 26%; P = .008). A threshold of 32 days was associated (sensitivity 77.9% and specificity 60.2%) with nodal progression (P < .001). Increasing time from staging to treatment initiation was associated with a greater risk of distant failure (hazard ratio [HR] 4.157; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.170‐14.764) but not progression‐free survival (PFS; P = .179) or overall survival (OS; P = .474).ConclusionIncreasing time before RT for patients with oropharyngeal SCC is associated with nodal progression and increased hazard of distant failure, although not PFS or OS in our population.
The roles of channels and hillslopes in rainfall/run‐off lag times during intense storms in a steep catchment
Authors: Asano Yuko , Uchida Taro 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe response time (lag time) between rainfall input and run‐off output in headwater catchments is a key parameter for flood prediction. Lag times are expected to be controlled by run‐off processes, both on hillslopes and in channels. To demonstrate these effects on peak lag times within a 4.5‐km2 catchment, we measured stream water levels at up to 16 channel locations at 1‐min intervals and compared the lag times with topographic indices describing the length and gradient of the hillslope and channel flow path. We captured storm events with a total precipitation of 38–198 mm and maximum hourly precipitation intensity of 9–90 mm/hr. There were positive relationships between lag time and flow path length as well as the ratio of the flow path length and the square root of the gradient of channels for the most intense storms, demonstrating that channel flow paths generally defined the variation in lag times. Topographic analysis showed that hillslope flow path lengths were similar among locations, whereas channel flow path length increased almost one order of magnitude with a 100‐fold increase in catchment area. Thus, the relative importance of hillslope flow path decreased with increasing catchment area. Our results indicate that the variation in lag times is small when hillslopes are sufficiently wet; thus, catchment‐scale variation in lag times can be explained almost entirely by channel processes. Detailed topographic channel information can improve prediction of flood peak timing, whereas hillslopes can be treated as homogeneous during large flood events.
The effects of initial soil moisture conditions on swale flow hydrographs
Authors: Rujner Hendrik , Leonhardt Günther , Marsalek Jiri , Perttu Anna‐Maria , Viklander Maria 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe effects of soil water content (SWC) on the formation of run‐off in grass swales draining into a storm sewer system were studied in two 30‐m test swales with trapezoidal cross sections. Swale 1 was built in a loamy fine‐sand soil, on a slope of 1.5%, and Swale 2 was built in a sandy loam soil, on a slope of 0.7%. In experimental runs, the swales were irrigated with 2 flow rates reproducing run‐off from block rainfalls with intensities approximately corresponding to 2‐month and 3‐year events. Run‐off experiments were conducted for initial SWC (SWCini) ranging from 0.18 to 0.43 m3/m3. For low SWCini, the run‐off volume was greatly reduced by up to 82%, but at high SWCini, the volume reduction was as low as 15%. The relative swale flow volume reductions decreased with increasing SWCini and, for the conditions studied, indicated a transition of the dominating swale functions from run‐off dissipation to conveyance. Run‐off flow peaks were reduced proportionally to the flow volume reductions, in the range from 4% to 55%. The swale outflow hydrograph lag times varied from 5 to 15 min, with the high values corresponding to low SWCini. Analysis of swale inflow/outflow hydrographs for high SWCini allowed estimations of the saturated hydraulic conductivities as 3.27 and 4.84 cm/hr in Swales 1 and 2, respectively. Such estimates differed from averages (N = 9) of double‐ring infiltrometer measurements (9.41 and 1.78 cm/hr). Irregularities in swale bottom slopes created bottom surface depression storage of 0.35 and 0.61 m3 for Swales 1 and 2, respectively, and functioned similarly as check berms contributing to run‐off attenuation. The experimental findings offer implications for drainage swale planning and design: (a) SWCini strongly affect swale functioning in run‐off dissipation and conveyance during the early phase of run‐off, which is particularly important for design storms and their antecedent moisture conditions, and (b) concerning the longevity of swale operation, Swale 1 remains fully functional even after almost 60 years of operation, as judged from its attractive appearance, good infiltration rates (3.27 cm/hr), and high flow capacity.
Inflammatory potential of diet and risk of pancreatic cancer in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial
Authors: Zheng Jiali , Merchant Anwar T. , Wirth Michael D. , Zhang Jiajia , Antwi Samuel O. , Shoaibi Azza , Shivappa Nitin , Stolzenberg‐Solomon Rachael Z. , Hebert James R. , Steck Susan E. 
Published: January 2018

Inflammation plays a central role in pancreatic cancer etiology and can be modulated by diet. We aimed to examine the association between the inflammatory potential of diet, assessed with the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®), and pancreatic cancer risk in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial prospective cohort. Our study included 101,449 participants aged 52–78 years at baseline who completed both baseline questionnaire and a diet history questionnaire. Energy‐adjusted DII (E‐DII) scores were computed based on food and supplement intake. Cox proportional hazards models and time dependent Cox models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) with participants in the lowest E‐DII quintile (most anti‐inflammatory scores) as referent. After a median 8.5 years of follow‐up, 328 pancreatic cancer cases were identified. E‐DII scores were not associated with pancreatic cancer risk in the multivariable model (HRQ5vsQ1 = 0.94; 95% CI = 0.66–1.35; p‐trend = 0.43). Time significantly modified the association (p‐interaction = 0.01). During follow up <4 years, there was suggestive evidence of an inverse association between E‐DII and pancreatic cancer (HRQ5vsQ1 = 0.60; 95% CI = 0.35–1.02; p‐trend = 0.20) while there was a significant positive trend in the follow up ≥4 years (HRQ5vsQ1 = 1.31; 95% CI = 0.83–2.08; p‐trend = 0.03). Similar results were observed for E‐DII from food only. Our study does not support an association between inflammatory potential of diet and pancreatic cancer risk; however, heterogeneous results were obtained with different follow‐up times. These divergent associations may result from the influences of undetected disease in the short‐term.
Heterozygosis in aromatic amino acid decarboxylase deficiency: Evidence for a positive interallelic complementation between R347Q and R358H mutations
Authors: Montioli Riccardo , Janson Giacomo , Paiardini Alessandro , Bertoldi Mariarita , Borri Voltattorni Carla 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAromatic amino acid or Dopa decarboxylase (AADC or DDC) is a homodimeric pyridoxal 5’‐phosphate (PLP) enzyme responsible for the generation of the neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin. AADC deficiency is a rare inborn disease caused by mutations of the AADC gene leading to a defect of AADC enzyme and resulting in impaired dopamine and serotonin synthesis. Until now, only the molecular effects of homozygous mutations were analyzed. However, although heterozygous carriers of AADC deficiency were identified, the molecular aspects of their enzymatic phenotypes are not yet investigated. Here, we focus our attention on the R347Q/R358H and R347Q/R160W heterozygous mutations, and report for the first time the isolation and characterization, in the purified recombinant form, of the R347Q/R358H heterodimer and of the R358H homodimer. The results, integrated with those already known of the R347Q homodimeric variant, provide evidence that (i) the R358H mutation strongly reduces the PLP‐binding affinity and the catalytic activity, and (ii) a positive interallelic complementation exists between the R347Q and the R358H mutations. Bioinformatics analyses provide the structural basis for these data. Unfortunately, the R347Q/R160W heterodimer was not obtained in a sufficient amount to allow its purification and characterization. Nevertheless, the biochemical features of the R160W homodimer give a contribution to the enzymatic phenotype of the heterozygous R347Q/R160W and suggest the possible relevance of Arg160 in the proper folding of human DDC. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 70(3):215–223, 2018
Molecular characterization of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli pathotypes: Association of virulent genes, serogroups, and antibiotic resistance among moderate‐to‐severe diarrhea patients
Authors: Thakur Nutan , Jain Swapnil , Changotra Harish , Shrivastava Rahul , Kumar Yashwant , Grover Neelam , Vashistt Jitendraa 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundDiarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) signifies as an important etiological agent of moderate‐to‐severe diarrhea. This study was primarily focused on molecular identification of DEC pathotypes; their association with serogroups and estimates of resistance profiles against different antibiotics regime.MethodsFive hundred seventy‐two stool specimens from diarrhea patients were investigated for DEC pathotypes. Molecular pathotypes were identified by amplification of virulence genes associated with distinct pathotypes followed by sequencing. Diarrhea is a self‐limiting disease, however, severity and persistence of infection suggest antibiotic use. Therefore, AST and MIC were determined against common antibiotic regimen. Correlations between molecular pathotypes and serogroups were analyzed by somatic “O” antigen serotyping.ResultsThe present findings reveal incidence of DEC as an etiological agent up to a level of 21% among all diarrheal age groups. DEC infection rate was higher in children. Enteropathogenic E. coliEPEC, a molecular pathotype of DEC, was found as a predominant pathotype with highest frequency of 13.7%. Two other molecular pathotypes enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) and enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) accounted for 5.7% and 1.3%, respectively for all diarrhea incidences. Serological analysis deciphered somatic antigens O26, O2, and O3 as major serogroups identified among EPEC, ETEC, and EAEC pathotypes, respectively. All DEC pathotypes exhibited high levels of antibiotic resistance except for cotrimoxazole and norfloxacin.ConclusionComprehensive molecular characterization of DEC pathotypes, their incidence estimates, and antibiogram patterns will help in ascertaining better diagnostic and therapeutic measures in management of diarrheal diseases.
The mediating role of coping strategy in the association between family functioning and nonsuicidal self‐injury among Taiwanese adolescents
Authors: Ren Yaxuan , Lin Min‐Pei , Liu Yin‐Han , Zhang Xu , Wu Jo Yung‐Wei , Hu Wei‐Hsuan , Xu Sian , You Jianing 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjectiveNock's (2009) integrated theoretical model suggests that both intrapersonal and interpersonal factors contribute to the development of nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI). Based on this model, the present study examined the roles of family functioning and coping strategy in predicting NSSI, as well as the mediating effect of coping strategy in the relationship between family functioning and NSSI. Gender differences on the associations of these variables were also examined.MethodA sample of 1,989 secondary school students (52.0% females) in Taiwan was assessed by self‐report measures of perceived family functioning, coping strategy, and NSSI.ResultsResults showed that both family functioning and avoidance/emotion‐focused coping strategy predicted NSSI. Additionally, the association between family functioning and NSSI was mediated by avoidance/emotion‐focused coping strategy. Gender differences were not found on the associations among these study variables.ConclusionsThese data provided evidences that the Nock's (2009) integrated theoretical model may help to explain how coping strategy mediates the effect of family functioning on NSSI. The implications of the findings for future research and intervention were discussed.