bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Managing uncertainty in advanced liver disease: a qualitative, multiperspective, serial interview study
Authors: Kimbell Barbara , Boyd Kirsty , Kendall Marilyn , Iredale John , Murray Scott A 
Published: January 2016

ObjectiveTo understand the experiences and support needs of people with advanced liver disease and those of their lay and professional carers to inform improvements in the supportive and palliative care of this rapidly growing but currently neglected patient group.DesignMultiperspective, serial interviews. We conducted up to three qualitative in-depth interviews with each patient and lay carer over 12 months and single interviews with case-linked healthcare professionals. Data were analysed using grounded theory techniques.ParticipantsPatients with advanced liver disease of diverse aetiologies recruited from an inpatient hepatology ward, and their lay carers and case-linked healthcare professionals nominated by the patients.SettingPrimary and secondary care in South-East Scotland.Results37 participants (15 patients, 11 lay and 11 professional carers) completed 51 individual and 13 joint patient-carer interviews. Nine patients died during the study. Uncertainty dominated experiences throughout the course of the illness, across patients’ considerable physical, psychological, social and existential needs and affected patients, lay carers and professionals. This related to the nature of the condition, the unpredictability of physical deterioration and prognosis, poor communication and information-sharing, and complexities of care. The pervasive uncertainty also shaped patients’ and lay carers’ strategies for coping and impeded care planning. While patients’ acute medical care was usually well coordinated, their ongoing care lacked structure and focus.ConclusionsLiving, dying and caring in advanced liver disease is dominated by pervasive, enduring and universally shared uncertainty. In the face of high levels of multidimensional patient distress, professionals must acknowledge this uncertainty in constructive ways that value its contribution to the person's coping approach. Pervasive uncertainty makes anticipatory care planning in advanced liver disease challenging, but planning ‘just in case’ is vital to ensure that patients receive timely and appropriate supportive and palliative care alongside effective management of this unpredictable illness.
Ancillary molecular analysis in the diagnosis of soft tissue tumours: reassessment of its utility at a specialist centre
Authors: Vroobel Katherine , Gonzalez David , Wren Dorte , Thompson Lisa , Swansbury John , Fisher Cyril , Thway Khin 
Published: January 2016

AimsThe histological diagnosis of soft tissue tumours (STTs) can be difficult, sometimes requiring a combination of morphology, immunophenotype and ancillary molecular tests. Many STTs are associated with characteristic genetic aberrations that can be assessed using fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH), reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) or mutational analysis. We have previously assessed the practicality and sensitivity of using these modalities as part of the routine diagnosis of STT in paraffin-embedded material and now revisit the subject in light of further experience in this field.Methods200 consecutive cases from 2013 that had undergone FISH, RT-PCR or mutational analysis were assessed to evaluate their diagnostic utility compared with preliminary histological assessment.Results218 FISH, 91 RT-PCR and 43 mutational analysis tests were performed. Compared with the previous study, FISH forMDM2amplification in possible well-differentiated/dedifferentiated liposarcomas, and mutational analysis for assessingKIT,PDGFRandBRAFmutations made up a large proportion of the workload (107 and 43 tests, respectively). As in the previous study, alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma showed the best FISH:RT-PCR concordance. Unlike previously, RT-PCR showed marginally higher sensitivity than FISH (78.9% and 76.9%), while continuing to demonstrate higher specificity (90.9% and 84.3%). RT-PCR again showed an increased failure rate (5.5%; 1% for FISH).ConclusionsWe demonstrate the continuing utility of RT-PCR and FISH for STT diagnosis, and that each has advantages in specific contexts. These ancillary molecular tests are important tools in both defining and excluding diagnoses of STT, which is crucial in determining prognosis and guiding appropriate management.
Socioeconomic gradient in work disability in diabetes: evidence from three occupational cohorts
Authors: Ervasti Jenni , Kivimäki Mika , Dray-Spira Rosemary , Head Jenny , Goldberg Marcel , Pentti Jaana , Jokela Markus , Vahtera Jussi , Zins Marie , Virtanen Marianna 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundThe role of socioeconomic status in work disability among employees with diabetes is not well known. We examined the association between socioeconomic status and work disability among employees with and without diabetes taking into account comorbid conditions.MethodsWe used individual participant data from three occupational cohorts from Finland, France and the UK (employees with diabetes, n=2170, age-matched and sex-matched controls without diabetes, n=4340). In all cohorts, survey data were linked with register data and the employees were followed up on average for 4.4 years. Socioeconomic status was based on occupational titles. Work disability (sickness absence and disability pension) was indexed as the numbers of disability days and episodes. The study-specific estimates were pooled using meta-analysis and effect modifications were studied with meta-regression.ResultsThe average numbers of disability days and episodes per year were 1.5–3.5 times higher for persons with diabetes compared to those without. Among persons with diabetes, the risk of work disability was almost four times higher in the lowest compared to the highest occupational position (relative index of inequality (RII) for days 3.82; 95% CI 2.77 to 5.56; RII for episodes 3.80; 95% CI 3.13 to 4.61). This association was consistent in both sexes and regardless of comorbid conditions. In relative terms, the association of socioeconomic status and work disability was similar among those free of diabetes.ConclusionsA strong socioeconomic gradient in work disability was observed among people with and without diabetes.
Bilingual Semantic Role Labeling Inference via Dual Decomposition
Authors: Yang Haitong , Zhou Yu , Zong Chengqing 
Published: January 2016

This article focuses on bilingual Semantic Role Labeling (SRL); its goal is to annotate semantic roles on both sides of the parallel bilingual texts (bi-texts). Since rich bilingual information is encoded, bilingual SRL has been applied in many natural-language processing (NLP) tasks such as machine translation (MT), cross-lingual information retrieval (IR), and the like. A feasible way of performing bilingual SRL is using monolingual SRL systems to perform SRL on each side of bi-texts separately. However, it is difficult to obtain consistent SRL results on both sides of bi-texts in this way. Some works have tried to jointly infer bilingual SRL because there are many complementary language cues on both sides of bi-texts and they reported better performance than monolingual systems. However, there are two limits in the existing methods. First, the existing methods often require high inference costs due to the complex objective function. Second, the existing methods fully adopt the candidates generated by monolingual SRL systems, but many candidates are discarded in the argument pruning or identification stage of monolingual systems. In this article, we propose two strategies to overcome these limits. We utilize a simple but efficient technique: Dual Decomposition to search for consistent results for both sides of bi-texts. On the other hand, we propose a method called Bi-Directional Projection (BDP) to recover arguments discarded in monolingual SRL systems.
We evaluate our method on a standard parallel benchmark: the OntoNotes dataset. The experimental results show that our method yields significant improvements over the state-of-the-art monolingual systems. In addition, our approach is also better and faster than existing methods due to BDP and Dual Decomposition.
Loricophrya bosporica n. sp. (Ciliophora, Suctorea) epibiont of Desmoscolex minutus (Nematoda, Desmoscolecida) from oxic/anoxic boundary of the Black Sea Istanbul Strait’s outlet area
Authors: SERGEEVA NELLI , DOVGAL IGOR 
Published: January 2016

A suctorian ciliate Loricophrya bosporica sp. nov. is described from the body surface of nematodes of genus Desmoscolex collected in oxic/anoxic boundary of the Bosporus outlet area of the Black Sea. The new species differs from relative species L. sivertseni by development of its body, which takes no more than half, or a third of the lorica length, absence of crown-like projections at the lorica edge as for adhesive disk. From L. tuba new species differs by considerably shorter stylotheca and prevalence to nematode host instead of echinoderms.
Extratropical Impacts on Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Activity
Authors: Zhang Gan , Wang Zhuo , Dunkerton Timothy J. , Peng Melinda S. , Magnusdottir Gudrun 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
With warm sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the tropical Atlantic and cold SST anomalies in the east Pacific, the unusually quiet hurricane season in 2013 was a surprise to the hurricane community. The authors’ analyses suggest that the substantially suppressed Atlantic tropical cyclone (TC) activity in August 2013 can be attributed to frequent breaking of midlatitude Rossby waves, which led to the equatorward intrusion of cold and dry extratropical air. The resultant mid- to upper-tropospheric dryness and strong vertical wind shear hindered TC development. Using the empirical orthogonal function analysis, the active Rossby wave breaking in August 2013 was found to be associated with a recurrent mode of the midlatitude jet stream over the North Atlantic, which represents the variability of the intensity and zonal extent of the jet. This mode is significantly correlated with Atlantic hurricane frequency. The correlation coefficient is comparable to the correlation of Atlantic hurricane frequency with the main development region (MDR) relative SST and higher than that with the Niño-3.4 index. This study highlights the extratropical impacts on Atlantic TC activity, which may have important implications for the seasonal predictability of Atlantic TCs.
A Geostatistical Framework for Quantifying the Temporal Evolution and Predictability of Rainfall Fields
Authors: Schleiss Marc 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
A geostatistical framework for quantifying the temporal evolution and predictability of rainfall fields for time lags between 5 min and 3 h is proposed. The method is based on the computation of experimental space–time variogram maps of radar reflectivity fields. Two new metrics for quantifying temporal innovation and predictability based on minimum semivariance values at different time lags are proposed. The method is applied to high-resolution composite radar reflectivity maps over the United States to study the evolution of 25 convective and 25 stratiform events during the warm season of 2014. Results show that the temporal innovation can be modeled as the sum of two exponential functions of time lag, with approximately 50% of the total innovation occurring over the first 60 min. The median predictable scales for convective events are on the order of 1.6 km at 5 min, 5 km at 15 min, and 12.7 km at 1 h. Furthermore, the optimal time lag for predicting future innovation, taking into account measurement uncertainty and natural variability, appears to be between 30 and 60 min.
Different values of urinary fractionated metanephrines after unilateral adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma according to time intervals after surgery
Authors: Cho Yoon Y , Kim Young N , Kim Jung-Han , Jeong Byong C , Lee Soo-Youn , Kim Jae H 
Published: January 2016

Background After adrenalectomy, urinary fractionated metanephrine concentrations are expected to be reduced. However, there are few studies suggesting cut-offs for adrenalectomy patients. Methods Urinary metanephrine and normetanephrine concentrations in adrenalectomy patients and two controls were compared and hormonal concentrations were evaluated via time intervals after surgery. Results The median urinary metanephrine level after unilateral adrenalectomy was lower than that of the non-pheochromocytoma controls but comparable to healthy controls. Urinary normetanephrine concentrations did not differ between adrenalectomy patients and non-pheochromocytoma controls, although both group had levels higher than those of healthy controls. The median urinary normetanephrine level in the immediate postoperative period was higher than in the later period. Conclusions Urinary metanephrine concentrations were lower after adrenalectomy, but urinary normetanephrine concentrations were not changed compared with the non-pheochromocytoma controls. However, urinary normetanephrine concentrations in the patient group were higher than levels in the heathy controls.
Euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide: A white paper from the European Association for Palliative Care
Authors: Radbruch Lukas , Leget Carlo , Bahr Patrick , Müller-Busch Christof , Ellershaw John , de Conno Franco , Vanden Berghe Paul ,   on behalf of the board members of the EAPC
Published: January 2016

Background: In recognition of the ongoing discussion on euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide, the Board of Directors of the European Association for Palliative Care commissioned this white paper from the palliative care perspective. Aim: This white paper aims to provide an ethical framework for palliative care professionals on euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide. It also aims to provide an overview on the available evidence as well as a discourse of ethical principles related to these issues. Design: Starting from a 2003 European Association for Palliative Care position paper, 21 statements were drafted and submitted to a five-round Delphi process Participants: A panel with 17 experts commented on the paper in round 1. Board members of national palliative care or hospice associations that are collective members of European Association for Palliative Care were invited to an online survey in rounds 2 and 3. The expert panel and the European Association for Palliative Care board members participated in rounds 4 and 5. This final version was adopted as an official position paper of the European Association for Palliative Care in April 2015. Results: Main topics of the white paper are concepts and definitions of palliative care, its values and philosophy, euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide, key issues on the patient and the organizational level. The consensus process confirmed the 2003 European Association for Palliative Care white paper and its position on the relationship between palliative care and euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide. Conclusion: The European Association for Palliative Care feels that it is important to contribute to informed public debates on these issues. Complete consensus seems to be unachievable due to incompatible normative frameworks that clash.
Radiographic and Clinical Predictors of Cardiac Dysfunction Following Isolated Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Urdaneta Alfredo E. , Fink Kathleen R. , Krishnamoorthy Vijay , Rowhani-Rahbar Ali , Vavilala Monica S. 
Published: January 2016

Introduction: Although cardiac dysfunction after traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been described, there is little data regarding the association of radiographic severity and particular lesions of TBI with the development of cardiac dysfunction. We hypothesize that the Rotterdam or Marshall scores and particular TBI lesions are associated with the development of cardiac dysfunction after isolated TBI. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study. Adult patients with isolated TBI who underwent echocardiography between 2003 and 2010 were included. A board-certified neuroradiologist assessed the first computed tomography head, assigning the Rotterdam and Marshall scores and the type of TBI. Cardiac dysfunction was defined as either systolic or all cause based on the first echocardiogram after TBI. Demographic, radiological, and clinical variables were used in our analysis. Results: A total of 139 patients were identified, with 20 having isolated systolic dysfunction. The Marshall and Rotterdam scores were not associated with the development of cardiac dysfunction. Only head Abbreviated Injury Scale was found to be an independent predictor of systolic cardiac dysfunction (relative risk: 2.70, 95% confidence interval: 1.19-6.13; P = .02). Conclusions: No specific radiographic variable was found to be an independent predictor of cardiac dysfunction. Further study into clinical or radiological features that would warrant an echocardiogram is warranted, as it may direct patient management.
Inclusion of brain volume loss in a revised measure of ‘no evidence of disease activity’ (NEDA-4) in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis
Authors: Kappos Ludwig , De Stefano Nicola , Freedman Mark S , Cree Bruce AC , Radue Ernst-Wilhelm , Sprenger Till , Sormani Maria Pia , Smith Terence , Häring Dieter A , Piani Meier Daniela , Tomic Davorka 
Published: January 2016

Background: ‘No evidence of disease activity’ (NEDA), defined as absence of magnetic resonance imaging activity (T2 and/or gadolinium-enhanced T1 lesions), relapses and disability progression (‘NEDA-3’), is used as a comprehensive measure of treatment response in relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS), but is weighted towards inflammatory activity. Accelerated brain volume loss (BVL) occurs in RMS and is an objective measure of disease worsening and progression. Objective: To assess the contribution of individual components of NEDA-3 and the impact of adding BVL to NEDA-3 (‘NEDA-4’) Methods: We analysed data pooled from two placebo-controlled phase 3 fingolimod trials in RMS and assessed NEDA-4 using different annual BVL mean rate thresholds (0.2%–1.2%). Results: At 2 years, 31.0% (217/700) of patients receiving fingolimod 0.5 mg achieved NEDA-3 versus 9.9% (71/715) on placebo (odds ratio (OR) 4.07; p < 0.0001). Adding BVL (threshold of 0.4%), the respective proportions of patients achieving NEDA-4 were 19.7% (139/706) and 5.3% (38/721; OR 4.41; p < 0.0001). NEDA-4 status favoured fingolimod across all BVL thresholds tested (OR 4.01–4.41; p < 0.0001). Conclusion: NEDA-4 has the potential to capture the impact of therapies on both inflammation and neurodegeneration, and deserves further evaluation across different compounds and in long-term studies.
Challenging the Profession
Authors: Barrington Alison 
Published: January 2016

This article explores some of the issues raised in recent literature about the manner in which music therapy has been developing. It focuses on the professional rather than the clinical issues that surround its development and explores concerns about and criticisms of the manner in which the profession in the UK has sought to develop. Thus it focuses on the political implications of the professionalisation of music therapy in the UK. Many of the issues have arisen as a result of the evolution of Community Music Therapy, challenging music therapists regardless of the clinical approaches employed. This article considers whether the profession's self-promotional activities are compatible with a client-centred1 approach, concluding that this is indeed the case.
What Has Schopenhauer's Theory of Music to Contribute to an Understanding of Improvisational Music Therapy?
Authors: Darnley-Smith Rachel 
Published: January 2016

Schopenhauer has been described as the ‘musician's philosopher’ for the detailed attention he pays to music, assigning the medium a ‘pride of place in the arts' (Budd 1985: 76). Whilst his theory has received ample criticism (Han 1997) on the grounds of conceptual inconsistencies, what is of significance for music therapy is the way in which Schopenhauer cites music as the inner essence of man. Unlike the other arts which form representations of the world, music is not a representation; music therefore has the capacity to say the unsayable, revealing aspects of the world that verbal language is unable to reveal (Bowie 2003). It is of further significance that Schopenhauer has frequently been cited as a precursor to Freud, in particular upon comparing Schopenhauer's theory of man's inner essence or Will with Freud's theory of the unconscious. This article explores the relevance of these theoretical links to the work of some pioneering theories of the modern western improvisational music therapy practices developed in the 1970s by Paul Nordoff, Clive Robbins and Mary Priestley. Schopenhauer's theory of music is shown not only to have had broad influence as a philosophy of music (Goehr 1996), but also to have contributed inadvertently to conceptual thinking in music therapy.
‘In My Beginning is My End’ Preliminary Exploration into the Framework and Efficacy of Endings in the Music Therapy Process When Working with Adults with a Learning Disability
Authors: Ruck Wendy 
Published: January 2016

This article describes a research project undertaken to explore the framework and efficacy of endings in the music therapy process when working with adults with a learning disability. A review of the literature is presented incorporating texts from the related discipline of psychotherapy. Data from a questionnaire and from three semi structured interviews is also presented, followed by a discussion of the findings and clinical implications. The article concludes that the issue of therapeutic endings when considered in the context of adults with a learning disability is as varied as the needs of this client group. There is a marked difference between what therapists aspire to achieve in their clinical practice and what they are able to achieve in the context of their different work settings. Therapists approach the management of therapeutic endings in different ways when considering the range of needs presented by this client group.
Dynamic Interplay in Clinical Improvisation
Authors: Pavlicevic Mercedes 
Published: January 2016

When a therapist and patient/client are actively engaged in improvising music together, the potential exists for the development of an intimate and dynamic emotional relationship. The improvisation reveals both players' capacity for forming, expressing and communicating dynamic forms of feeling, within the context of this music relationship. This paper examines the concept of dynamic forms, with recourse to the literature on mother-infant interaction, and applies this concept to clarify the use of clinical improvisation in music therapy.