bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploratory Trial to Determine the Efficacy of Yt-1C10B Pour-on for the Control of Lice Infesting Cattle, 1994
Authors: Lloyd J. E. , Kumar R. , Waggoner J. W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The experiment was performed at the Waggoner Ranch, Laramie, Wyoming. Experimental animals were commercial cattle of mixed breeds born in the spring of 1993. Cattle were housed in 4 separate pens at the rate of 5 animals per pen. Each pen was approximately 20 X 60 ft. Cattle were fed at the rate of 2 lbs of corn per animal per d, plus free choice alfalfa/grass hay. Salt, mineral mix, and well water were provided ad libitum. Efficacy was determined by counting all species of lice present on the animals. Lice infestations were naturally acquired. At the time of the pretreatment counts (8, 9 Mar) all cattle were infested with Linognathus vituli, 18 were infested with Bovicola bovis and two were infested with Haematopinus eurysternus. Treatments were applied, following pretreatment lice counts on 9 Mar 1994. Post treatment counts were performed 6, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49 and 56 DAT. For purposes of examination, cattle were restrained in a squeeze chute with a head catch. A high intensity lamp provided illumination. Lice were counted in eight examination sites on each animal. Examination sites and dimensions were as follows: topline 5 X 15 cm, withers 5X15 cm, around right eye 10 X 15 cm, around left eye 10 X 15 cm, right cheek 5 X 10 cm, left cheek 5 X 10 cm, muzzle 5 X 25 cm and dewlap 5X15 cm. Sample sites included predilection areas of L. vituli, B. bovis, and H. eurysternus. Following pretreatment lice counts, all animals were ranked by total counts of L. vituli. The two animals with the highest counts were randomly assigned to either replicate 1 or 2. The next two animals were then assigned to the other replicate. This procedure was repeated with each group of 4 similarly infested animals. Treatment was randomly assigned to each animal within a pair of similarly infested animals. Treatment was based on body wt: 15 ml per animal 750 lb or greater; 10 ml per animal 500 to 750 lb; and 5 ml per animal 250 to 500 lb. The cattle weighed between 302 and 846 lb. Insecticide was applied as a pour-on from a graduated container along the face, neck, shoulder and midline of each animal as far back as the dosage would allow. Total lice counts were transformed using In (total count + 1). A general linear model procedure (SAS) was used to analyze the transformed counts. Total variation in the lice count was partitioned into that attributable to the treatment, animal within treatment, sampling d, treatment X sampling d interaction, and residual. Geometric means for lice counts were estimated for each treatment group on each sampling d.
Mortality of Lady Beetle Adults and Lacewing Larvae Following Exposure to Semiochemical-Based Corn Rootworm Baits, 1992-93
Authors: Ellsbury M. M. , Gaggero J. M. , Johnson T. B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Two semiochemical-based corn rootworm baits were evaluated for toxicity to GLW and CLB. Slam, a microsphere formulation containing carbaryl as an active ingredient, was applied with a high-clearance sprayer. A bait mixture of Compel, a feeding stimulant, to which carbaryl was added as the toxicant, was applied by use of a specially designed applicator mounted at the rear of a high-clearance sprayer about 2 m above ground level. Baits were applied at lx, 2x, 3x and 4x the labelled rate (Slam: 1.56 oz [All/acre, Compel + carbaryl: 1.16 oz carbaryl [All/acre) to 10 ft by 30 ft plots of corn grown in rows 40 inches apart. Bioassays were done in the laboratory with GLW larvae and CLB, and WCR adults exposed to baits on excised whole leaves taken from the field plots. Bioassays for WCR and CLB were repeated four times in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Controls were untreated corn leaves. CLB and WCR were confined in 4 by 4 inch clear plastic cages, 10 insects per cage, held in place over each corn leaf by rubber bands. Bioassays for GLW were done twice in a randomized complete block design with 8 replications, using treated leaves from the same plots used for the first two groups of CRW and CLB. Because of their cannibalistic nature, GLW larvae were exposed to treatments singly in ½ inch clear plastic boxes clipped to treated corn leaves. All test insects were starved for 24 hr prior to use.
Laboratory Evaluation of Insecticides for Control of Tarnished Plant Bug in Mississippi, III, 1995
Authors: Reed Jack T. , Jackson C. S. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Insecticides were evaluated at Mississippi State University in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied on 15 June with a spray chamber equipped with a single TX3 hollow cone nozzle and calibrated for 5 gpa at a pressure of 28 psi and a speed of 3 mph. Carrier of the insecticides was water, with an initial pH of 8.0. Plant bugs were collected the morning of application by sweeping wild flowers with a 15 inch diameter sweep net. Leaves were collected in the field and transported to the lab where leaf disks 48 mm in diameter were cut and placed in 50 X 11 mm Petri dishes. Four leaf disks with 5 plant bugs each were used per plot. The bugs were evaluated for mortality at 24 h and those failing to move when prodded were considered dead.
Maize Plant Resistance To Fall Armyworm Larvae, 1995
Authors: Wiseman B. R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Fiftyfour Plant Introductions from the U.S. Germplasm Maize Project, and a resistant and a susceptible check were evaluated for leaffeeding resistance against the fall armyworm in a field at Tifton, GA. The experiment was arranged as a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. At the 8-leaf stage 2 applications of 20 first instar fall armyworm larvae were placed in the whorl of 10 plants per plot in each replication on the same day. Whorlleaves damaged by larval feeding were given a plot rating at 7 and 14 days after infestation (DAI) on a 0-9 rating scale where 0 = no damage and 9 = severe damage tothe whorl.
Apple, Preliminary Insecticide Testing, 1995
Authors: Reissig H. , Dunham D. , Smith C. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Dilute sprays were applied with a hand sprayer (450 psi) at pink (9 May), petal fall (26 May), and as cover sprays on 14 Jun, 29 Jun, 10 Jul, 26 Jul, 7 Aug, and 20 Aug. Treatments of the standard compound, Guthion, were applied at pink, and petal fall through sixth cover. Comply and CGA-59205 were applied at pink and first cover and Guthion 3F was applied alone in the other sprays (petal fall and second through sixth cover). Several schedules of V71639 were compared; (1) A complete seasonal schedule applied at pink, petal fall, and in the first through sixth cover sprays. (2) A pink and first cover spray. (3) A petal fall and second cover spray. Guthion 3F was applied alone to fill in the other normal spray intervals in the reduced programs (2 & 3) of V71639. Treatments were replicated 3 times on a single tree plot of ‘McIntosh’ apples and arranged in a RCB design. Damage from early-season plum curculio and the first generation of codling moth were estimated by sampling 100 apples on the tree in each replication on 5 Jul. At harvest (6-12 Sep) 100 apples from each replication were evaluated for insect damage. ERM and predaceous mites were sampled on 25 randomly selected leaves/replication on 4 Aug. On 6 Jul (7 days post-treatment) aphids were counted on the second or third distal leaf on each of 10 actively growing terminals in each replication. WALH were counted on 25 spur leaves on 29 Aug. First generation STLM tissue mines were counted on 25 fruit clusters from the ‘McIntosh’ trees in each replication on 21 June. Second generation STLM tissue mines were counted on the six distal leaves on 10 randomly selected “hardened off” terminals/replication on 29 Aug.
Thrips Control/Variety Test In Cotton With Payload, 1995
Authors: Klein C. D , Johnson D. R. , Meyers H. B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cotton was planted on 17 Mayat the James Ray farm in Lonoke County. Treatments were applied with Gandy boxes and consisted of either Ridomil PC + Payload or Ridomil PC + no Payload. Plots were 6 rows (38 inch centers) X 50 ft arranged in a RCBD with 4 replicationsEvaluations were made 1, 8, and 15 Jun. Thrips were counted by removing 5 plants/plot, washing the plants through a series of sieves and counting the thrips trapped by the last sieve. The center two rows ofeach plot were harvested on 3 Nov using a John Deere 2row picker.
Field Performance Of Sorghum Midge-Resistant Sorghum Hybrids, 1994
Authors: Peterson Gary C. , Teetes George L. , Anderson Roger M. , Pendleton Bonnie B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Twentyfive sorghum hybrids were eval uated for resistance to sorghum midge (SM) in a RCB design with 3 replications in field trials at the Texas A&M University Agricultural Research and Extensio Center, Corpus Christi, and at the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, College Station. The test was composed of 16 resistant X resistant experimental entries, 3 resistant X resistant checks, 2 resistant X susceptible checks, and 4 susceptibl X susceptible checks. Plots were sown 7 Apr with 96.5 cm between rows at Corpus Christi and 30 Apr with 76.2cm between rows at College Station. SM were not controlled during sorghum flowering to place maximum pressure on resistance genes. Grain yields and SM damage ratings of experimental entries were compared with those ol the checks. Physiologically mature sorghum was rated for SM damage on a scale of 1 = 1-10, 2 = 11-20, up to 9 = 81-100 kernel loss. For grain yields, all panicles per plot (0.0025 ha) were hand harvested and threshed using a stationary plot thresher. Grain yields were calculated by converting grain weight to kg/ha ANOVA and LSD05 were used to analyze data.
Evaluation of Insecticides Against Scarab Grub Complex on Blueberries, 1995
Authors: Polavarapu S. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This trial was conducted in a 5-year-old ‘Duke’ blueberry field in full production, near Hammonton, NJ. Blueberry bushes were approximately 4-5 ft tall and spaced 9 X 4 ft apart and were irrigated season long with overhead sprinklers. Soil type at this location was sandy loam with a pH of 4.0. Treatments were replicated 5 times in a randomized complete block design with each replicate consisting of 40-ft long row of 10 bushes. Treatments were separated by 18-ft between blocks and 20-ft between treatments within a block. Insecticides were applied as a 2-ft band on both sides of the plant for a total of 160 ft2 per replicate. Treatments were applied on 13 Aug with a CO2 pressurized Model T backpack sprayer (R & D sprayers) equipped with a single TeeJet nozzle (8002VS). The sprayer was operated at 40 PSI and calibrated to deliver 150 gpa of finished spray. Field was irrigated with approximately 0.5 and 1.0 inches of water before and after spraying, respectively. Treatment effects were assessed by examining soil and roots in 12-inches-diam. by 16-inches deep areas around each of 4 randomly selected plants per replication for scarab grubs. Plants were sampled between 20-25 September. At the time of sampling, species composition of grubs (n = 2,015) was 92.8% OB, 6.7% AGB and 0.5% M-JB.
Evaluation of Insecticides Against Lepidopterous Pests During Bloom on Blueberries, 1995
Authors: Polavarapu S. , Polk D. F. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This study was conducted in a ‘Bluecrop’ blueberry field in full production near Whitesbog, NJ. Blueberry bushes were approximately 5 ft tall and spaced 9X4 ft apart. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design, replicated 5 times with each replication consisting of 6 bushes in 2 rows. Two unsprayed rows between blocks and 5 unsprayed bushes between treatments within a block served as buffers. Insecticides were applied with a Mighty Mac model PS-322T garden sprayer equipped with a handgun calibrated to deliver 200 gal/acre at 75 PSI. Insecticides were applied once on 16 May approximately at 50% bloom. GM eggmasses were obtained from USDA-APHIS facility at Otis Air Base in Cape Cod, MA, to augment larval populations in the field plots. Eggmasses were stapled to the bush on 3 May at the rate of 1 eggmass per bush. Eggmasses began to hatch on 6 May and larvae were well distributed on the bushes within a week after hatching. Larval populations were assessed by sampling 25 clusters from each of 4 randomly selected bushes/replicate for a total of 100 leaf and flower clusters/replicate on 15 May (pre-treatment count) and 26 May (post-treatment count). Leaf and flower clusters were randomly selected from the top, middle and bottom thirds of each bush.
Control of Pecan Nut Casebearer in Pecans, 1995
Authors: Mulder P. G. , Collins J. K. , Smith Michael W. , McCraw B. Dean 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Five insecticides were evaluated for control of PNC on pecans. Trials were conducted at a commercial pecan orchard located near Bristow, OK (Creek Co.). A section of the pecan orchard was divided into 6 blocks of trees, with each block receiving one of the treatments. Each block was ca. one acre in size. The trial used a mixture of native and cultivar pecan trees. Determination of pretreatment PNC infestation levels was done on 10 Jun. Twenty-five nut clusters, on each of four trees per block (100 nut clusters per treatment), were inspected for the presence of PNC eggs and damage. If an egg was found on any nut within a cluster, the cluster was considered infested. Treatments were applied on Jun 11-12 using an Ag-1, PTO driven, air-blast sprayer. The sprayer was calibrated to deliver 70 gpa. Only one application was made. Damage was evaluated on 29 Jun by inspecting 25 nut clusters/tree (100 nut clusters per treatment), at 5 to 8 feet above the ground for casebearer entries. A cluster was considered infested if one or more nuts within the cluster showed signs of larval entry.
Microbial and Insecticidal Control of Lepidopteran Pests in Minnesota Cabbage, 1995
Authors: Battels D. W. , Bolin P. C. , Hutchison W. D. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This study was conducted at the University of Minnesota Rosemount Agricultural Experiment Station. Cabbage was transplanted 14 Jun. Plots consisted of two 25 ft (7.6 m) rows on 40 inch (1.0 m) centers with plants spaced 13 inches (0.33 m) apart. Ten ft (3.0 m) borders and 10 ft (3.0 m) alleys separated the plots. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. Treatment applications were not initiated until early head formation because of mechanical problems with the sprayer. Treatments were applied 2, 10, and 21 Aug using a moderate-clearance Spirit sprayer with 3 TX-10 hollowcone nozzles (1 overhead and 2 drop nozzles) per row. The sprayer was calibrated to deliver 27 gpa (252.5 liters/ha) at 47 psi (3.3 kg/cm2) and 3 mph (4.8 km/hr). Bond sticker/extender was added to all treatments at a rate of 0.10 fi oz/gal (0.8 ml/liter). Counts were taken 7 and 23 Aug. Plots were harvested and evaluated for feeding damage on 25 Aug using Greene’s rating scale (J. Econ. Entomol. 1969 62:4 798-800). 1 = no feeding damage; 2 = minor feeding damage on the wrapper leaves (≤ 1% eaten); 3 = moderate feeding damage on the wrapper leaves (2-5% eaten) with no head damage; 4 = moderate feeding damage on the wrapper leaves (6-10% eaten) and minor feeding scars on the head; 5 = moderate to heavy feeding on the wrapper leaves (11-30% eaten) and moderate feeding scars on the head; 6 = &gt; 30% of the wrapper leaves eaten and numerous feeding scars on the head.
Control of Lepidoptera on Cabbage, 1995
Authors: Hoy Casey W. , Dunlap Michael J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
‘Bravo’ cabbage was transplanted at the Fry Farm, OARDC, Wooster, OH, on 21 lun. Plots were 2 rows wide on 36 inch centers, 29 ft long, and separated by 10 ft alleys. Plants were on 1 ft spacing within the rows. Each treatment was replicated four times in a RCB design. Treflan 4 E at 2 pts/acre was incorporated just prior to planting. The field was sprayed with Methoxyclor 2 EC, 1.0 qt form/acre on 14 Jul to reduce flea beetle damage. Treatments were applied 11, 22, 30 Aug, and 6 Sep using a tractor mounted drop nozzle boom sprayer delivering 50 gal/acre at 50 psi with three D-4 hollow cone nozzles/row. On 13 Sep, three plants per plot were randomly selected and destructively sampled for DBM, ICW, and CL small (lst-2nd instars) and large (≥3rd instars) larvae and pupae; the heads of these three plants were weighed. To rate marketability, 10 cabbage heads per plot were inspected on 13 Sep, and rated according to Greene et al. 1969 (J. Econ. Entomol. 62(4): 798-800). Using this system, a rating of 2 or lower is marketable as U.S. No. 1 grade cabbage, rating.s of 3 or greater refer to cabbage with feeding damage on the head.
Flea Beetle Control in Crucifers, Crookston, MN, 1994
Authors: Noetzel David M. , Cymbulak Todd 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Chemicals used to protect Canola from flea beetle seedling injury were applied to vegetable seedlings. Cabbage, broccoli and cauliflower of seed were purchased. A portion of each was sent to Gustafsons, Inc. at Piano, TX for treating with Gaucho 480F. Plots were a single row with 30 inch spacing, 50’ in length, planted on 19 May. Furadan & Counter were mixed with the seed at the time of planting. Sevin XLR was applied as a foliar on 3 & 7 June. Stand count, damage rating and stand rating were recorded.
Control of Diamondback Moth on Cabbage, Spring 1995
Authors: Seal D. R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
‘Rio Verde’ cabbage seeds were planted onto raised beds of rockdale soil on 21 Dec. The beds were covered with black polyethylene mulch. The soil was fumigated with 75% methyl bromide and 25% chloropicrin (Terr-O-Gas) at 242 kg/ha 7 d before planting. Fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O) was incorporated into the soil during bed preparation. Plants were drip irrigated, 4 h/d. The seeds were spaced 0.3 m apart within each of two rows per bed that were 0.76 m apart on 1.83-center beds. Treatment plots were 2 rows (2 beds) wide by 6.1 m long. Six treatments were arranged in RCB with 4 replications. Treatments evaluated were: 1) Emamectin benzoate (0.0075 lb. [a.i.]/A); 2) Xentari (1.0 lb./A); 3) Dipel 2X (1 lb/A); 4) 2 weekly applications of Treatment 1 followed by 2 weekly applications of Treatment 2; repeated this application cycle for a total of 6 weeks; 5) 2 weekly applications of Treatment 1 followed by 2 weekly applications of Treatment 3, repeated this application cycle for a total of 6 weeks; and 6) a nontreated control. Applications were made weekly on six dates between 2 March and 14 April 1995 with a tractor mounted single bed sprayer with two disc cone nozzles on each side of the bed and one nozzle over the center of each bed. Spray volume was 934 liter/ha at 4.8 km/hour. Treatments were evaluated by recording total number of diamondback moth larvae/plant on randomly selected 10 plants per treatment plot 24 h after each application.
Control of Silverleaf Whitefly in Fall Canataloupe with Beavveria Bassiana, 1995
Authors: Knowles T. C. , Jaronski S. T. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Drip irrigated ‘Durango’ cantaloupe were direct seeded in a single row on slant beds with 80 inch centers in Aug 1995 near Vicksberg, AZ. Each large field plot was 9 beds wide by 1200 ft long. Plot preparation and seasonal maintenance followed local practices. Plots were arranged in a RCB design with 2 replicates. Sixteen oz/acre Admire 2F (imidacloprid) was injected through the drip irrigation system three weeks after planting. Additionally, all plots received applications of endosulfan (1.3 qt/acre Thiodan 3EC) on 6 Oct, abamectin (8 oz/acre Agri-Mek 0.15EC) on 9 Oct, and sulfur (9.9 lb/acre Golden Dew) on 16 and 26 Oct. Treatments were initiated on 2 Oct when SLWF numbers reached 6 nymphs per cm2 leaf disc, and repeated on 9 and 23 Oct. Treatments were applied with a 9-row FMC air blast sprayer at 30 gpa and water used to prepare each spray solution was buffered with acid to a pH of 6.0. The boom height and sprayer pressure were adequate to get underside leaf coverage. A nonionic surfactant (4 oz/100 gal Kinetic) was used with the Mycotrol WP formulation. Insect data were collected from the inner 4 beds of each plot. Plots were sampled weekly beginning on 2 Oct at 0 days after initiation (DAI), and terminating on 30 Oct (28 DAI). Adult SLWF were assessed by randomly selecting 20 leaves from the terminal area on primary vines (4th fully expanded leaf from the apex of the vine) between 0900-1100 hrs. Immatures were assessed by counting the number of small (1st and 2nd instar) and large (3rd and 4th instar) nymphs on 2-cm2 disk sections from each of 40 leaves sampled at random from the crown area on primary vines (7th to 9th leaf from the crown of the plant).
Use of Labeled and Experimental Insecticides for Control of European Corn Borer and Corn Ear-Worm on Sweet Corn, 1996
Authors: Wedberg John , Jensen Bryan 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
‘Jubilee’ sweet corn was planted at the Arlington Agricultural Research Station, Arlington, WI at 23,000 seeds per acre on 24 Jun. Each treatment was 6 rows wide and 60 ft long, arranged in a RCB design and replicated four times. The sprays were applied 21, 26 Aug and 3, 10 Sep. All treatments were applied with a high clearance sprayer equipped with D2/23 TeeJet disc-core nozzles and delivered 10.3 gallons of finished spray per acre at 40 psi when driven at 2.5 MPH. Plots were evaluated 18 Sep by removing 25 ears per treatment and recording the numbers of damaged ears and of the larvae present in different developmental stages.
Apple, Pest and Natural Enemy Effects Under Tabm Control Tactics, 1996
Authors: Hull Larry A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Effects of various insecticides timed for TABM control were assessed for their activity against some other apple pests and their natural enemies. The experimental and registered materials were applied to replicated 12-15 tree plots in a randomized block design. Each plot consisted of alternating trees of ‘Yorking’ and ‘Golden Delicious’. These trees were spaced at 18 X 25 ft and were 17 years old. Experimental sprays were applied with a Friend Airmaster ‘309’ calibrated to deliver 100 gpa at 2.4 mph. Application timings were based on the accumulation of degree days from first adult moth capture in a sex pheromone trap (18 May) in order to predict various percentages of egg hatch for each TABM brood. Degree day calculations were based on minimum and maximum developmental thresholds of 45°F and 91°F, respectively. All applications were complete sprays. A routine schedule of fungicides (Benlate 50DF, Penncozeb 75DF, Rubigan 1EC, and Ziram 76WP) was maintained throughout the experiment.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control with Transplant Drench Treatments of Admire to Bedding Trays of Eggplants, 1996
Authors: Dively Galen P. , Linduska James J. , Ross Marylee , Baumann Donna , Cain Carol , Boltz Melanie 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The experimental design was a RCB with four replications and 8 treatments. Drenching doses were 0 (two controls per block), 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 ounces of Admire 2F per acre equivalence of bedding trays. The diluted drench was applied to individual cells of bedding trays using a pipetted volume of one ml per plant. In addition, a drench treatment of 16 fluid oz of Admire was applied in the transplant water. Plot size for each treatment combination was one row 20 feet long (10 eggplants) with rows spaced 64 inches apart. Plots were planted 14 May. After transplanting, weekly counts were made of egg clusters, early larvae (first/second instars), late larvae (third/fourth instars), live adults, and dead adults on the ground. Percent defoliation per plant was estimated two times, coinciding with peak injury by first and second generation larvae. Plots were harvested weekly starting 2 Jul and ending 31 Jul.