bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current distribution across type II superconducting films: a new vortex-free critical state
Authors: Talantsev E. F. , Pantoja A. E. , Crump W. P. , Tallon J. L. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe current distribution across the thickness of a current-carrying rectangular film in the Meissner state was established long ago by the London brothers. The distribution across the width is more complicated but was later shown to be highly non-uniform, diverging at the edges. Accordingly, the standard view for type II superconductors is that vortices enter at the edges and, with increasing current, are driven inwards until they self-annihilate at the centre, causing dissipation. This condition is presumed to define the critical current. However we have shown that, under self-field (no external field), the transport critical current is a London surface current where the surface current density equals the critical field divided by λ, across the entire width. The critical current distribution must therefore be uniform. Here we report studies of the current and field distribution across commercial YBa2Cu3 O7 conductors and confirm the accepted non-uniform distribution at low current but demonstrate a radical crossover to a uniform distribution at critical current. This crossover ends discontinuously at a singularity and calculations quantitatively confirm these results in detail. The onset of self-field dissipation is, unexpectedly, thermodynamic in character and the implied vortex-free critical state seems to require new physics.
A regional assessment of cumulative impact mapping on Mediterranean coralligenous outcrops
Authors: Bevilacqua S. , Guarnieri G. , Farella G. , Terlizzi A. , Fraschetti S. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn the last decade, the ‘Cumulative Pressure and Impact Assessment’ (CPIA) approach emerged as a tool to map expected impacts on marine ecosystems. However, CPIA assumes a linear response of ecosystems to increasing level of cumulative pressure weighting sensitivity to different anthropogenic pressures through expert judgement. We applied CPIA to Mediterranean coralligenous outcrops over 1000 km of the Italian coastline. Extensive field surveys were conducted to assess the actual condition of coralligenous assemblages at varying levels of human pressure. As pressure increased, a clear shift from bioconstructors to turf-dominated assemblages was found. The linear model originally assumed for CPIA did not fit the actual relationship between expected cumulative impact versus assemblage degradation. A log-log model, instead, best fitted the data and predicted a different map of cumulative impact in the study area able to appreciate the whole range of impact scenarios. Hence, the relative importance of different drivers in explaining the observed pattern of degradation was not aligned with weights from the expert opinion. Such findings stress the need for more incisive efforts to collect empirical evidence on ecosystem-specific responses to human pressure in order to refine CPIA predictions.
The Penn State - Toruń Centre for Astronomy Planet Search stars
Authors: Deka-Szymankiewicz B. , Niedzielski A. , Adamczyk M. , Adamów M. , Nowak G. , Wolszczan A. 
Published: January 2018

Context. Our knowledge of the intrinsic parameters of exoplanets is as precise as our determinations of their stellar hosts parameters. In the case of radial velocity searches for planets, stellar masses appear to be crucial. But before estimating stellar masses properly, detailed spectroscopic analysis is essential. With this paper we conclude a general spectroscopic description of the Pennsylvania-Toruń Planet Search (PTPS) sample of stars.
Aims. We aim at a detailed description of basic parameters of stars representing the complete PTPS sample. We present atmospheric and physical parameters for dwarf stars observed within the PTPS along with updated physical parameters for the remaining stars from this sample after the first Gaia data release.
Methods. We used high resolution (R = 60 000) and high signal-to-noise-ratio (S/N = 150–250) spectra from the Hobby-Eberly Telescope and its High Resolution Spectrograph. Stellar atmospheric parameters were determined through a strictly spectroscopic local thermodynamic equilibrium analysis (LTE) of the equivalent widths of Fe I and Fe II lines. Stellar masses, ages, and luminosities were estimated through a Bayesian analysis of theoretical isochrones.
Results. We present Teff, log g, [Fe/H], microturbulence velocities, absolute radial velocities, and rotational velocities for 156 stars from the dwarf sample of PTPS. For most of these stars these are the first determinations. We refine the definition of PTPS subsamples of stars (giants, subgiants, and dwarfs) and update the luminosity classes for all PTPS stars. Using available Gaia and HIPPARCOS parallaxes, we redetermine the stellar parameters (masses, radii, luminosities, and ages) for 451 PTPS stars.
Conclusions. The complete PTPS sample of 885 stars is composed of 132 dwarfs, 238 subgiants, and 515 giants, of which the vast majority are of roughly solar mass; however, 114 have masses higher than 1.5 M⊙ and 30 of over 2 M⊙. The PTPS extends toward much less metal abundant and much more distant stars than other planet search projects aimed at detecting planets around evolved stars; 29% of our targets belong to the Galactic thick disc and 2% belong to the halo.
A NuSTAR census of coronal parameters in Seyfert galaxies
Authors: Tortosa A. , Bianchi S. , Marinucci A. , Matt G. , Petrucci P. O. 
Published: January 2018

Context. We discuss the results of the hot corona parameters of active galactic nuclei (AGN) that have been recently measured with NuSTAR. The values taken from the literature of a sample of 19 bright Seyfert galaxies are analysed.
Aims. The aim of this work is to look for correlations between coronal parameters, such as the photon index and cut-off energy (when a phenomenological model is adopted) or the optical depth and temperature (when a Comptonization model is used), and other parameters of the systems, such as the black hole mass or the Eddington ratio.
Methods. We analysed the coronal parameters of the 19 unobscured, bright Seyfert galaxies that are present in the Swift/BAT 70-month catalogue and that have been observed by NuSTAR, alone or simultaneously with others X-ray observatories, such as Swift, Suzaku, or XMM-Newton.
Results. We found an anti-correlation with a significance level >98% between the coronal optical depth and the coronal temperature of our sample. On the other hand, no correlation between the above parameters and the black hole mass, the accretion rate, and the intrinsic spectral slope of the sources is found.
Impaired Recognition of Emotional Faces after Stroke Involving Right Amygdala or Insula
Authors: Godin Brittany , Oishi Kumiko , Oishi Kenichi , Davis Cameron , Gomez Yessenia , Trupe Lydia , Kim Eun , Hillis Argye , Tippett Donna 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDespite its basic and translational importance, the neural circuitry supporting the perception of emotional faces remains incompletely understood. Functional imaging studies and chronic lesion studies indicate distinct roles of the amygdala and insula in recognition of fear and disgust in facial expressions, whereas intracranial encephalography studies, which are not encumbered by variations in human anatomy, indicate a somewhat different role of these structures. In this article, we leveraged lesion-mapping techniques in individuals with acute right hemisphere stroke to investigate lesions associated with impaired recognition of prototypic emotional faces before significant neural reorganization can occur during recovery from stroke. Right hemisphere stroke patients were significantly less accurate than controls on a test of emotional facial recognition for both positive and negative emotions. Patients with right amygdala or anterior insula lesions had significantly lower scores than other right hemisphere stroke patients on recognition of angry and happy faces. Lesion volume within several regions, including the right amygdala and anterior insula, each independently contributed to the error rate in recognition of individual emotions. Results provide additional support for a necessary role of the right amygdala and anterior insula within a network of regions underlying recognition of facial expressions, particularly those that have biological importance or motivational relevance and have implications for clinical practice.
Lung Adenocarcinoma Invasiveness Risk in Pure Ground-Glass Opacity Lung Nodules Smaller than 2 cm
Authors: Lee Geun Dong , Park Chul Hwan , Park Heae Surng , Byun Min Kwang , Lee Ik Jae , Kim Tae Hoon , Lee Sungsoo 
Published: January 2018

Background We aimed to identify clinicopathologic characteristics and risk of invasiveness of lung adenocarcinoma in surgically resected pure ground-glass opacity lung nodules (GGNs) smaller than 2 cm.
Methods Among 755 operations for lung cancer or tumors suspicious for lung cancer performed from 2012 to 2016, we retrospectively analyzed 44 surgically resected pure GGNs smaller than 2 cm in diameter on computed tomography (CT).
Results The study group was composed of 36 patients including 11 men and 25 women with a median age of 59.5 years (range, 34–77). Median follow-up duration of pure GGNs was 6 months (range, 0–63). Median maximum diameter of pure GGNs was 8.5 mm (range, 4–19). Pure GGNs were resected by wedge resection, segmentectomy, or lobectomy in 27 (61.4%), 10 (22.7%), and 7 (15.9%) cases, respectively. Pathologic diagnosis was atypical adenomatous hyperplasia, adenocarcinoma in situ, minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA), or invasive adenocarcinoma (IA) in 1 (2.3%), 18 (40.9%), 15 (34.1%), and 10 (22.7%) cases, respectively. The optimal cutoff value for CT-maximal diameter to predict MIA or IA was 9.1 mm. In multivariate analyses, maximal CT-maximal diameter of GGNs ≥10 mm (odds ratio, 24.050; 95% confidence interval, 2.6–221.908; p = 0.005) emerged as significant independent predictor for either MIA or IA. Estimated risks of MIA or IA were 37.2, 59.3, 78.2, and 89.8% at maximal GGN diameters of 5, 10, 15, and 20 mm, respectively.
Conclusion Pure GGNs were highly associated with lung adenocarcinoma in surgically resected cases, while estimated risk of GGNs invasiveness gradually increased as maximal diameter increased.
Keloidbehandlung mit intraläsionaler Kryochirurgie
Authors: Zouboulis C. , Weidmann M. , Har-Shai Y. 
Published: January 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Überproduktion veränderter Kollagenfasern und die Überexpression von Tumor-Growth-Factor-β muss gehemmt werden, um den Wachstumsprozess innerhalb einer Keloidnarbe zu unterbrechen. Dies kann mit den klassischen Therapieverfahren kaum gelingen. Die Behandlungsergebnisse der Keloidtherapie sind nur schwer vorherzusagen und die Rezidivrate liegt meist über 50 %. Darüber hinaus können einige der eingesetzten Verfahren (z. B. Bestrahlung) zusätzliche gesundheitliche Risiken verursachen. Die intraläsionale Kryochirurgie bietet eine seit nunmehr 10 Jahren erprobte Therapiealternative an. Eigene Ergebnisse von weit über tausend Behandlungen von Patienten mit Keloiden ermöglichen eine kritische Analyse, um eine Unterscheidung der Keloide, die gut zu behandeln sind, von denen, die sich für eine Behandlung weniger oder gar nicht eignen, treffen zu können.
Modeling Dynamic Food Choice Processes to Understand Dietary Intervention Effects
Authors: Marcum Christopher Steven , Goldring Megan R , McBride Colleen M , Persky Susan 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Background
Meal construction is largely governed by nonconscious and habit-based processes that can be represented as a collection of in dividual, micro-level food choices that eventually give rise to a final plate. Despite this, dietary behavior intervention research rarely captures these micro-level food choice processes, instead measuring outcomes at aggregated levels. This is due in part to a dearth of analytic techniques to model these dynamic time-series events.

Purpose
The current article addresses this limitation by applying a generalization of the relational event framework to model micro-level food choice behavior following an educational intervention.

Method
Relational event modeling was used to model the food choices that 221 mothers made for their child following receipt of an information-based intervention. Participants were randomized to receive either (a) control information; (b) childhood obesity risk information; (c) childhood obesity risk information plus a personalized family history-based risk estimate for their child. Participants then made food choices for their child in a virtual reality-based food buffet simulation.

Results
Micro-level aspects of the built environment, such as the ordering of each food in the buffet, were influential. Other dynamic processes such as choice inertia also influenced food selection. Among participants receiving the strongest intervention condition, choice inertia decreased and the overall rate of food selection increased.

Conclusions
Modeling food selection processes can elucidate the points at which interventions exert their influence. Researchers can leverage these findings to gain insight into nonconscious and uncontrollable aspects of food selection that influence dietary outcomes, which can ultimately improve the design of dietary interventions.
Relationships Between the Axial Derotation of the Lower Instrumented Vertebra and Uninstrumented Lumbar Curve Correction: Radiographic Outcome in Lenke 1 Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis With a Minimum 2-Year Follow-up
Authors: Pasha Saba , Cahill Patrick J. , Flynn John M. , Sponseller Paul , Newton Peter O. 
Published: January 2018

Background:
Preoperative spinal parameters are used to guide the fusion levels in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) spinal surgery. However, the impact of the factors modifiable by the surgeon in varying levels of preoperative patient-specific variables is not fully explored. The goal of this study was to identify the association between axial rotation correction of the lower instrumented vertebra (LIV) and spontaneous correction of the uninstrumented lumbar spine as a function of preoperative 3 dimensional (3D) curve characteristics in Lenke 1 AIS.

Methods:
Twenty-three Lenke1 AIS with a minimum 2-year follow-up were included. All patients had biplanar spinal x-rays and 3D reconstructions at preoperative, first erect, and 2-year follow-up visits. Five patient factors were measured preoperatively: kyphosis and lumbar modifiers, and thoracic to lumbar curve rotation, translation, and frontal deformity angle ratios. One surgical factor, percentage of LIV rotation correction, was determined from the preoperative and first erect 3D models. A factorial design analysis was implemented to determine the impact of surgical and patient factors, both separately and in combination, on 2-year radiographic outcomes of spontaneous correction of the uninstrumented spine.

Results:
Spontaneous lumbar Cobb and lumbar apical rotation correction were predicted significantly by patient and surgical factors, P<0.05. Lumbar modifier, percentage correction of LIV rotation, the interaction between LIV rotation correction and lumbar modifier, and the interaction between LIV rotation correction and thoracic to lumbar apical vertebrae translation ratio correlated significantly to 2-year outcomes of spontaneous lumbar Cobb correction, P<0.05. Lumbar modifier and the interaction between the Cobb ratio and the percentage of the LIV rotation correction correlated significantly to 2-year outcomes of lumbar apical rotation correction, P<0.05.

Conclusion:
The relationship between LIV rotation correction and spontaneous lumbar curve correction after selective thoracic fusion varied based on the patient’s 3D preoperative curve characteristics. Patients with lumbar modifier C and apical vertebrae translation ratios >1.5 showed improved lumbar Cobb correction in 2-years when 50% or more LIV rotation correction was achieved surgically.
Some Considerations for Chelation Treatment and Surgical Excision Following Incorporation of Plutonium in Wounds
Authors: Poudel Deepesh , Bertelli Luiz , Klumpp John A. , Waters Tom L. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
After a plutonium-contaminated wound, the role of an internal dosimetrist is to inform the patient and the physician of the dosimetric considerations. The doses averted due to medical treatments (excision or chelation) are higher if the treatments are administered early; therefore, the internal dosimetrist needs to rely on limited information on wound counts and process knowledge for advising the physician. Several wound cases in the literature were reviewed to obtain estimates of the efficacies of surgical excision and chelation treatment after plutonium-contaminated wounds. The dose coefficients calculated by coupling the NCRP 156 wound model with the systemic model were used to derive the decision guidelines that may indicate medical treatment based on 1) the concept of saved doses proposed by the NCRP 156 wound model, 2) the limits recommended by the CEC/DOE guidebook, and 3) the Clinical Decision Guidelines proposed in NCRP Report No. 161. These guidelines by themselves, however, are of limited use for several reasons, including 1) large uncertainties associated with wound measurements, 2) exposure to forms of radionuclides that cannot be assigned to a single category in the NCRP 156 framework, 3) inability of the NCRP 156 model to explain some of the wound cases in the literature, 4) neglect of the local doses to the wound site and the pathophysiological response of the tissue, 5) poorly understood relationship between effective doses and risks of late health effects, and 6) disregard of the psychological aspects of radionuclide intake.
THREE-DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS OF RETINAL MICROANEURYSMS WITH ADAPTIVE OPTICS OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY
Authors: Karst Sonja G. , Salas Matthias , Hafner Julia , Scholda Christoph , Vogl Wolf-Dieter , Drexler Wolfgang , Pircher Michael , Schmidt-Erfurth Ursula 
Published: January 2018

Purpose:
To characterize retinal microaneurysms (MAs) in patients with diabetes using adaptive optics optical coherence tomography (AOOCT) and compare details found in AOOCT with those found in commercially available retinal imaging techniques.

Methods:
Patients with diabetes and MA in the macular area were included in this pilot study. The area of interest, identified in standard fluorescein angiography, was imaged using an AO fundus camera and AOOCT. Microaneurysms were characterized in AOOCT (visibility, reflectivity, feeding/draining vessels, and intraretinal location) and compared with findings in AO fundus camera, OCT angiography, and fluorescein angiography.

Results:
Fifty-three MAs were imaged in 15 eyes of 10 patients. Feeding and/or draining vessels from both capillary plexus could be identified in 34 MAs in AOOCT images. Of 45 MAs imaged with OCT angiography, 18 (40%) were visible in the superior plexus, 12 (27%) in the deep capillary plexus, and 15 MAs (33%) could not be identified at all. Intraluminal hyperreflectivity, commonly seen in AO fundus camera, corresponded only in 8 of 27 cases (30%) to intraluminal densities seen in AOOCT.

Conclusion:
Adaptive optics OCT imaging revealed that MAs located in the inner nuclear layer were connected to the intermediate and/or deep capillary plexus. Intraluminal hyperreflectivity seen on AO fundus camera images originated from a strong reflection from the vessel wall and only in a third of the cases from intraluminal clots. Currently, AOOCT is the most expedient in vivo imaging method to capture morphologic details of retinal microvasculature in 3D and in the context of the surrounding retinal anatomy.
Does Occupation Influence Selection of Contact Lens Material?
Authors: Rajan Rajni , Mahadevan Rajeswari , Bhattacharya Pradipta 
Published: January 2018

Objective:
Long-term follow-up of contact lens (CL) wearers leads to better understanding of the factors leading to changes in CL trends. This study is an attempt to ascertain these factors in an emerging market like India. Factors like occupation were analyzed to determine if these contributed to changes in selection of CL materials in this article.

Methods:
Occupations were categorized as per the norms of International Standard Classification of Occupations-2008 (International Labor Organization, United Nations organization).

Results:
A majority of lens wearers were professionals and hydrogel lens materials were the lenses of choice among most of the lens wearers. There was a significant variation in CL material with different occupations (χ2=19.29, P=0.037).

Conclusion:
To conclude, employment and affordability influenced the selection of lens materials.
Survey of Ophthalmologists Regarding Practice Patterns for Dry Eye and Sjogren Syndrome
Authors: Bunya Vatinee Y. , Fernandez Karen B. , Ying Gui-Shuang , Massaro-Giordano Mina , Macchi Ilaria , Sulewski Michael E. , Hammersmith Kristin M. , Nagra Parveen K. , Rapuano Christopher J. , Orlin Stephen E. 
Published: January 2018

Objective:
To survey ophthalmologists about current practice patterns regarding the evaluation of dry eye patients and referrals for a Sjogren syndrome (SS) workup.

Methods:
An online survey was sent to ophthalmologists affiliated with the Scheie Eye Institute or Wills Eye Hospital using REDCap in August 2015. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data.

Results:
Four hundred seventy-four survey invitations were sent out and 101 (21%) ophthalmologists completed the survey. The common traditional dry eye test performed was corneal fluorescein staining (62%) and the most common newer dry eye test performed was tear osmolarity (18%). Half of respondents (51%) refer fewer than 5% of their dry eye patients for SS workups, with 18% reporting that they never refer any patients. The most common reasons for referrals included positive review of systems (60%), severe dry eye symptoms (51%) or ocular signs (47%), or dry eye that is refractory to treatment (42%). The majority (83%) felt that there is a need for an evidence-based standardized screening tool for dry eye patients to decide who should be referred for evaluation for SS.

Conclusions:
Ophthalmologists continue to prefer the use of traditional dry eye tests in practice, with the most common test being corneal fluorescein staining. There is an underreferral of dry eye patients for SS workups, which is contributing to the continued underdiagnosis of the disease. Most respondents felt that there was a need for an evidence-based standardized screening tool to decide which dry eye patients should be referred for SS evaluations.