bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metagenomic‐based impact study of transgenic grapevine rootstock on its associated virome and soil bacteriome
Authors: Hily Jean‐Michel , Demanèche Sandrine , Poulicard Nils , Tannières Mélanie , Djennane Samia , Beuve Monique , Vigne Emmanuelle , Demangeat Gérard , Komar Véronique , Gertz Claude , Marmonier Aurélie , Hemmer Caroline , Vigneron Sophie , Marais Armelle , Candresse Thierry , Simonet Pascal , Lemaire Olivier 
Published: May 2017

SummaryFor some crops, the only possible approach to gain a specific trait requires genome modification. The development of virus‐resistant transgenic plants based on the pathogen‐derived resistance strategy has been a success story for over three decades. However, potential risks associated with the technology, such as horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of any part of the transgene to an existing gene pool, have been raised. Here, we report no evidence of any undesirable impacts of genetically modified (GM) grapevine rootstock on its biotic environment. Using state of the art metagenomics, we analysed two compartments in depth, the targeted Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) populations and nontargeted root‐associated microbiota. Our results reveal no statistically significant differences in the genetic diversity of bacteria that can be linked to the GM trait. In addition, no novel virus or bacteria recombinants of biosafety concern can be associated with transgenic grapevine rootstocks cultivated in commercial vineyard soil under greenhouse conditions for over 6 years.
Perceptions and Practices Regarding Atopic Dermatitis: A Survey
Authors: Grey Katherine R. , Hook Kristen P. , Polcari Ingrid C. , Maguiness Sheilagh M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractParents (N = 392) completed a survey at the Minnesota State Fair in August and September 2015 addressing knowledge regarding the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD), basic skin care practices, and the perceived role of infection and food allergies in AD. Of participating parents, 82% identified food allergy or sensitivity in AD pathogenesis, whereas only 42% identified bacterial infection as an important factor in AD severity. Participants most often received education on skin health from their pediatrician (49%), followed by Internet‐based sources (23%), rather than a dermatologist or pediatric dermatologist. Parents of children with AD overestimate the role of food allergies in this condition and are not as aware of the role of bacterial infection. Future educational directions from our specialty should focus on resources for pediatricians and families that emphasize these factors.
Fever and Multiple Eschars After an African Safari: Report of Three Cases
Authors: Albízuri Prado Fátima , Sánchez Alba , Feito Marta , Mayor Ander , Rodriguez Ana , de Lucas Raúl 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAfrican tick‐bite fever (ATBF), a tickborne disease endemic in rural areas of sub‐Saharan Africa and the West Indies caused by Rickettsia africae, has been recognized as an emerging health problem in recent years. ATBF has been reported as the second most commonly documented etiology of fever, after malaria, in travelers who return ill from sub‐Saharan Africa. Most cases reported in the literature occurred in middle‐aged adults, so the incidence of ATBF in children is unclear. We report a cluster of three cases of ATBF that occurred in children ages 7 to 16 years after returning from a game‐hunting safari in South Africa.
Congenital Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection Mimicking Congenital Erosive and Vesicular Dermatosis: Possible Pathogenic Insights
Authors: Swarbrick Andrew W. , Blyth Christopher C. , Halbert Anne R. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCongenital erosive and vesicular dermatosis (CEVD) is a rare entity of unknown etiology. We report a case of congenital herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 infection that healed with reticulated and supple scarring, similar to that seen in CEVD. Twenty percent of previously reported cases of CEVD had recurrent HSV infection throughout the first year of life. We postulate that at least some previous cases of CEVD may have been due to undiagnosed congenital HSV infection.
Cutaneous Granular Cell Tumors in Children: Case Series and Review of the Literature
Authors: Olayiwola Oluwatobi , Hook Kristen , Miller Daniel , Maguiness Sheilagh 
Published: May 2017

AbstractGranular cell tumors (GCTs) are uncommon benign neoplasms thought to originate from Schwann cells. They most commonly present in adults as papules or nodules on mucosal sites. The clinical spectrum of GCT in children is not well delineated, although mucosal and cutaneous presentations have been reported. We present three children with cutaneous GCTs and review the literature in an attempt to further characterize this rare pediatric neoplasm.
Treatment of venous lake with multiwavelength 595 and 1064 nm lasers in Asian Fitzpatrick skin type IV patients
Authors: Yang Jing , Guo Xiaohong , Tong Xiaorong , Tao Juan 
Published: May 2017

SummaryBackgroundMultiwavelength lasers are reportedly useful for treating venous lake (VL) in Caucasian patients. However, the same parameters may not be safe for Asian patients with Fitzpatrick skin type (FST) IV.PurposeReport experience with using multiwavelength laser for VL treatment in Asian patients with FST IV.MethodsSeventeen episodes of VL in 15 Chinese patients with FST IV were treated. 595‐nm pulsed dye laser (PDL) followed by 1064‐nm neodymium‐doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser was administered. The treatment was performed with 7‐mm spot size at 7‐11.5 J/cm2, 2‐10 ms with PDL, followed with Nd:YAG at 35‐40 J/cm2, 15‐40 ms. The laser treatment was performed with a single pass without overlap.ResultsComplete resolution was observed in 14 lesions after 1‐2 treatment sessions, with 10 ms duration of PDL. The remaining three patients achieved 80%‐90% resolution after 1‐3 treatment sessions, with 2 ms duration of PDL. Only one case exhibited recurrence after 1 year.ConclusionMultiwavelength laser treatment for VL is highly effective and safe in Asians, although a much lower fluence of Nd:YAG is used, as compared to that used in Caucasians in the literature. Moreover, an appropriate PDL pulse duration (10 ms) ensures better outcomes.
Enhanced acquired antibodies to a chimeric Plasmodium falciparum antigen; UB05‐09 is associated with protective immunity against malaria
Authors: Dinga J. N. , Gamua S. D. , Titanji V. P. K. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryIt has been shown that covalently linking two antigens could enhance the immunogenicity of the chimeric construct. To prioritize such a chimera for malaria vaccine development, it is necessary to demonstrate that naturally acquired antibodies against the chimera are associated with protection from malaria. Here, we probe the ability of a chimeric construct of UB05 and UB09 antigens (UB05‐09) to better differentiate between acquired immune protection and susceptibility to malaria. In a cross‐sectional study, recombinant UB05‐09 chimera and the constituent antigens were used to probe for specific antibodies in the plasma from children and adults resident in a malaria‐endemic zone, using the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Anti‐UB05‐09 antibody levels doubled that of its constituent antigens, UB09 and UB05, and this correlated with protection against malaria. The presence of enhanced UB05‐09‐specific antibody correlated with the absence of fever and parasitaemia, which are the main symptoms of malaria infection. The chimera is more effective in detecting and distinguishing acquired protective immunity against malaria than any of its constituents taken alone. Online B‐cell epitope prediction tools confirmed the presence of B‐cell epitopes in the study antigens. UB05‐09 chimera is a marker of protective immunity against malaria that needs to be studied further.
Gestational Weight Gain in the First Two Pregnancies and Perinatal Outcomes in the Second Pregnancy
Authors: Tabet Maya , Harper Lorie M. , Flick Louise H. , Chang Jen Jen 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundGestational Weight Gain (GWG) below or above the Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommendations increases the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, it remains unknown whether the risk of adverse outcomes is affected by GWG in a previous pregnancy. We examined associations between GWG in the index (second) pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes, including preterm delivery and small for gestational age (SGA), while taking into consideration GWG in the first pregnancy.MethodsIn a population‐based cohort study (n = 210 564), using the Missouri maternally‐linked birth registry (1989–2005), we used multivariable Poisson regression with robust error variance stratified by prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) to evaluate associations between GWG in the index pregnancy and a composite indicator of GWG in the first and second pregnancies and our outcomes of interest, after controlling for sociodemographic and pregnancy‐related confounders.ResultsAssociations between GWG in the index pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes were moderated by GWG in the first pregnancy. Despite having GWG within recommendations in the index pregnancy, women had increased risk of preterm delivery and SGA if they had suboptimal GWG in their first pregnancy. Also, women having suboptimal GWG in the index pregnancy had increased risk of preterm delivery only if their GWG in the first pregnancy was also suboptimal.ConclusionsThe observation that women who have GWG within recommendations in a current pregnancy may still have increased risk of adverse outcomes if they had suboptimal GWG in the first pregnancy has considerable clinical and public health implications.
Grappling with the Long‐Term Consequences of Slavery: A Critical Examination of Woodrow Wilson's Efforts to Legitimate Racial Segregation
Authors: Jackson Karima A. 
Published: May 2017

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Detection and localization of regucalcin in spermatozoa of water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis): A calcium‐regulating multifunctional protein
Authors: Pillai H , Shende AM , Parmar MS , Thomas J , Kartha HS , Taru Sharma G , Ghosh SK , Bhure SK 
Published: May 2017

ContentsRegucalcin (RGN) is a calcium‐regulating, anti‐apoptotic, antioxidative and antiproliferative multifunctional protein predominantly seen in liver and kidney. All these functions are very crucial during spermatogenesis and sperm maturation process until fertilization of the ovum. Although many studies have reported the wide distribution of regucalcin in the male reproductive tract of the rat, human and bovine, its presence in spermatozoa is yet to be demonstrated wherein calcium has a pivotal role in the transport, capacitation, acrosomal reaction and further fusion with ova. Here, we detected the expression of regucalcin mRNA and protein in buffalo spermatozoa using real‐time PCR and Western blot, respectively. The study detected two new regucalcin isoforms of 44 kDa and 48 kDa size along with the reported 34‐kDa, 28‐kDa and 24‐kDa isoforms, wherein the 34‐kDa isoform was found to be membrane associated in spermatozoa. Further, immunocytochemistry study localized the regucalcin protein in the acrosomal region of the caudal and ejaculated buffalo spermatozoa while it was detected in both cytoplasm and acrosomal region of testicular spermatozoa. This discovery of RGN in spermatozoa and localization in the acrosomal region will help to focus researchers to see its role in calcium‐related functions like capacitation, acrosomal reaction and membrane fusion. Overall, regucalcin may be a new fertility marker in buffalo and can be utilized for infertility treatments.
Modified GAP index for prediction of acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Kobayashi Haruki , Omori Shota , Nakashima Kazuhisa , Wakuda Kazushige , Ono Akira , Kenmotsu Hirotsugu , Naito Tateaki , Murakami Haruyasu , Endo Masahiro , Takahashi Toshiaki 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT
Background and objectivePredicting the incidence rate of acute exacerbation (AE) of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and its prognosis in patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and IPF is difficult. The aim was to study the incidence of IPF‐AE during the clinical course of the disease and its prognosis in patients with both NSCLC and IPF.MethodsIn this retrospective study, we compared the incidence rate of AE during the clinical course of the disease as well as the 1‐year survival rate and overall survival (OS) of patients with NSCLC and IPF using a modified gender, age and physiology (mGAP) staging system based on gender, age and percent predicted forced vital capacity.ResultsOf 43 patients with NSCLC and IPF included in the final analysis, 17 patients (40%; 95% CI: 26–54%) experienced AE during the clinical course of the disease. One‐year survival and median OS were 41.9% (95% CI: 28–57%) and 9.4 months, respectively. Further analysis showed that the incidence of IPF‐AE gradually increased and that the 1‐year survival rate and median OS gradually decreased with increasing mGAP index score and stage.ConclusionOur study suggested that mGAP index score and cancer stage may predict IPF‐AE and its prognosis in patients with NSCLC and IPF.
Severe asthma in children
Authors: Bush Andrew , Fleming Louise , Saglani Sejal 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT
Most children with asthma have their disease easily controlled if low‐dose inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) are regularly and correctly administered. If a child presents with asthma which is apparently resistant to therapy with high‐dose ICS and other controllers, then they have problematic severe asthma. However, in light of the UK National Review of Asthma Deaths, definitions of severe asthma based solely on the levels of prescribed treatment are too narrow. A detailed assessment of all such children should be performed. First, the diagnosis of asthma should be confirmed, then co‐morbidities assessed. Next, a nurse‐led assessment further characterizes the problem, conventionally categorizing the child as either having difficult asthma or severe therapy‐resistant asthma. Here, we reassess in particular the interactions between, and management of, these two categories, highlighting that this dichotomous classification may need reconsideration. We use bronchoscopy and an intramuscular steroid injection to determine if the child has steroid‐resistant asthma, using a novel, multidomain approach because the adult definition does not apply to around half the children we see. Finally, we highlight some mechanistic data which have emerged from this protocol such as the absence of T‐helper 2 (TH2) cytokines even in eosinophilic severe asthma and the potential role of the innate epithelial cytokine IL‐33, novel data on lineage negative innate lymphoid cells, which we can measure in induced sputum, and demonstrating that intraepithelial neutrophils are associated with better, not worse asthma outcomes. Severe paediatric asthma is very different from severe asthma in adults, and approaches must not be uncritically extrapolated from adult disease to children.
Phylogeny and reclassification of Cryptini (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Cryptinae), with implications for ichneumonid higher‐level classification
Authors: SANTOS BERNARDO F. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe first comprehensive phylogenetic study of the wasp tribe Cryptini (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Cryptinae) is presented, based on 109 morphological characters and molecular data from seven loci. The dataset includes 370 species, 308 of which are from Cryptini, covering 182 of its 250 genera. Results from parsimony and likelihood analyses are generally congruent. The topology has several implications for ichneumonid higher‐level classification. Previous definitions of the Ichneumoniformes clade are supported, though newly including the Microleptinae. The cryptine subtribe Ateleutina is consistently recovered outside of the Cryptini clade and should be treated as a separate subfamily, Ateleutinae stat.n. The tribe Phygadeuontini is shown to be polyphyletic: while most of the sampled taxa were recovered in a single clade, many of its members are more closely related to the Ichneumoninae, Ateleutinae or Cryptini. Pending a more detailed study, the group should be treated as a separate subfamily, Phygadeuontinae stat. rev. The former Hemigastrini are recovered as largely monophyletic but with important exceptions. Hemigaster Brullé is recovered as part of the Phygadeuontini and is transferred to that group. Echthrus Gravenhorst is consistently recovered as part of Cryptini, rendering Aptesini as the correct name for the tribe. The subfamily Cryptinae should be restricted to the tribes Aptesini and Cryptini. Within Cryptini, the results show little support for the current subtribal classification, with most subtribes recovered as polyphyletic. A number of relatively stable clades are identified and discussed, but the relationships among them are weakly supported. Most of these clades are morphologically heterogeneous and building a subtribal classification based on them would be ineffectual; they are therefore treated under the informal designation of genus groups. The results highlight the ubiquity of morphological homoplasy in Cryptini, and provide a framework from which to address further systematic and evolutionary questions on this hyperdiverse group of parasitic wasps.
Environmental controls on 10Be‐based catchment‐averaged denudation rates along the western margin of the Peruvian Andes
Authors: Reber Regina , Delunel Romain , Schlunegger Fritz , Litty Camille , Madella Andrea , Akçar Naki , Christl Marcus 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe present 10Be‐based basin‐averaged denudation rates for the entire western margin of the Peruvian Andes. Denudation rates range from c. 9 mm ka−1 to 190 mm ka−1 and are related neither to the subduction of the Nazca plate nor to the current seismicity along the Pacific coast and the occurrence of raised Quaternary marine terraces. Therefore, we exclude a tectonic control on denudation on a millennial time‐scale. Instead, we explain >60% of the observed denudation rates with a model where erosion rates increase either with mean basin slope angles or with mean annual water discharge. These relationships suggest a strong environmental control on denudation.
An efficient data organization and scheduling strategy for accelerating large vector data rendering
Authors: Guo Mingqiang , Huang Ying , Guan Qingfeng , Xie Zhong , Wu Liang 
Published: May 2017

AbstractRendering large volumes of vector data is computationally intensive and therefore time consuming, leading to lower efficiency and poorer interactive experience. Graphics processing units (GPUs) are powerful tools in data parallel processing but lie idle most of the time. In this study, we propose an approach to improve the performance of vector data rendering by using the parallel computing capability of many‐core GPUs. Vertex transformation, largely a mathematical calculation that does not require communication with the host storage device, is a time‐consuming procedure because all coordinates of each vector feature need to be transformed to screen vertices. Use of a GPU enables optimization of a general‐purpose mathematical calculation, enabling the procedure to be executed in parallel on a many‐core GPU and optimized effectively. This study mainly focuses on: (1) an organization and storage strategy for vector data based on equal pitch alignment, which can adapt to the GPU's calculating characteristics; (2) a paging‐coalescing transfer and memory access strategy for vector data between the CPU and the GPU; and (3) a balancing allocation strategy to take full advantage of all processing cores of the GPU. Experimental results demonstrate that the approach proposed can significantly improve the efficiency of vector data rendering.
Sedentary behaviour is a key determinant of metabolic inflexibility
Authors: Rynders Corey A. , Blanc Stephane , DeJong Nathan , Bessesen Daniel H. , Bergouignan Audrey 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMetabolic flexibility is defined as the ability to adapt substrate oxidation rates in response to changes in fuel availability. The inability to switch between the oxidation of lipid and carbohydrate appears to be an important feature of chronic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Laboratory assessment of metabolic flexibility has traditionally involved measurement of the respiratory quotient (RQ) by indirect calorimetry during the fasted to fed transition (e.g. mixed meal challenge) or during a hyperinsulinaemic–euglycaemic clamp. Under these controlled experimental conditions, ‘metabolic inflexibility’ is characterized by lower fasting fat oxidation (higher fasting RQ) and/or an impaired ability to oxidize carbohydrate during feeding or insulin‐stimulated conditions (lower postprandial or clamp RQ). This experimental paradigm has provided fundamental information regarding the role of substrate oxidation in the development of obesity and insulin resistance. However, the key determinants of metabolic flexibility among relevant clinical populations remain unclear. Herein, we propose that habitual physical activity levels are a primary determinant of metabolic flexibility. We present evidence demonstrating that high levels of physical activity predict metabolic flexibility, while physical inactivity and sedentary behaviours trigger a state of metabolic ‘inflexibility’, even among individuals who meet physical activity recommendations. Furthermore, we describe alternative experimental approaches to studying the concept of metabolic flexibility across a range of activity and inactivity. Finally, we address the promising use of strategies that aim to reduce sedentary behaviours as therapy to improve metabolic flexibility and reduce weight gain risk.
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