bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of Dual‐Pore Coexisting Branched Silica Nanoparticles for Efficient Gene–Chemo Cancer Therapy
Authors: Lee Jong‐Hwan , Kang Seounghun , Ahn Minchul , Jang Hongje , Min Dal‐Hee 
Published: December 2017

AbstractVarious strategies for combination therapy to overcome current limitations in cancer therapy have been actively investigated. Among them, simultaneous delivery of multiple drugs is a subject of high interest due to anticipated synergistic effect, but there have been difficulties in designing and developing effective nanomaterials for this purpose. In this work, dual‐pore coexisting hybrid porous silica nanoparticles are developed through Volmer–Weber growth pathway for efficient co‐delivery of gene and anticancer drug. Based on the different pore sizes (2–3 and 40–45 nm) and surface modifications of the core and branch domains, loading and controlled release of gene and drug are achieved by appropriate strategies for each environment. With excellent loading capacity and low cytotoxicity of the present platform, the combinational cancer therapy is successfully demonstrated against human cervical cancer cell line. Through a series of quantitative analyses, the excellent gene–chemo combinational therapeutic efficiency is successfully demonstrated. It is expected that the present nanoparticle will be applicable to various biomedical fields that require co‐delivery of small molecule and nucleic acid.
Recognition of Oxidized 5‐Methylcytosine Derivatives in DNA by Natural and Engineered Protein Scaffolds
Authors: Muñoz‐López Álvaro , Summerer Daniel 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMethylation of genomic cytosine to 5‐methylcytosine is a central regulatory element of mammalian gene expression with important roles in development and disease. 5‐methylcytosine can be actively reversed to cytosine via oxidation to 5‐hydroxymethyl‐, 5‐formyl‐, and 5‐carboxylcytosine by ten‐eleven‐translocation dioxygenases and subsequent base excision repair or replication‐dependent dilution. Moreover, the oxidized 5‐methylcytosine derivatives are potential epigenetic marks with unique biological roles. Key to a better understanding of these roles are insights into the interactions of the nucleobases with DNA‐binding protein scaffolds: Natural scaffolds involved in transcription, 5‐methylcytosine‐reading and ‐editing as well as general chromatin organization can be selectively recruited or repulsed by oxidized 5‐methylcytosines, forming the basis of their biological functions. Moreover, designer protein scaffolds engineered for the selective recognition of oxidized 5‐methylcytosines are valuable tools to analyze their genomic levels and distribution. Here, we review recent structural and functional insights into the molecular recognition of oxidized 5‐methylcytosine derivatives in DNA by selected protein scaffolds.
La Historia de Mi Nombre: A Culturally Sustaining Early Literacy Practice
Authors: Nash Kindel , Panther Leah , Arce‐Boardman Alicia 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis article features a culturally sustaining practice that many early literacy teachers can adapt and use: la historia de mi nombre/the story of my name. The practice is described in the context of a second‐grade bi/multilingual class as the Latinx students are learning about their names through culturally authentic literature, translanguaging, and writing their name stories.
Effective properties of magnetoelectroelastic interfaces weakened by micro‐cracks
Authors: Wang X. , Ang W. T. , Fan H. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe effective properties of a microscopically damaged interface between two dissimilar magnetoelectroelastic materials are investigated using a micro‐statistical model. The interface is modeled as damaged by a periodic array of micro‐cracks. The micro‐cracks over a period interval of the interface are randomly generated and are either all (i) magnetically and electrically impermeable, or (ii) magnetically permeable and electrically impermeable, or (iii) electrically permeable and magnetically impermeable, or (iv) magnetically and electrically permeable. The conditions on the micro‐cracks are formulated in terms of hypersingular integro‐differential equations with the jumps in the elastic displacements, the electric potential and the magnetic potential across opposite micro‐crack faces being unknown functions to be determined. Once the unknown functions are determined, the effective properties of the microscopically damaged interface can be readily computed. The effects of the crack density and the material constants on the effective properties are investigated in detail.
Identification and manipulation of a novel locus to improve cell tolerance to short-chain alcohols in Escherichia coli
Authors: Chen Yan , Wang Ying , Chen Tian-Hua , Yao Ming-Dong , Xiao Wen-Hai , Li Bing-Zhi , Yuan Ying-Jin 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Escherichia coli KO11 is a popular ethanologenic strain, but is more sensitive to ethanol than other producers. Here, an ethanol-tolerant mutant EM was isolated from ultraviolet mutagenesis library of KO11. Comparative genomic analysis added by piecewise knockout strategy and complementation assay revealed EKO11_3023 (espA) within the 36.6-kb deletion from KO11 was the only locus responsible for ethanol sensitivity. Interestingly, when espA was deleted in strain W (the parent strain of KO11), ethanol tolerance was dramatically elevated to the level of espA-free hosts [e.g., MG1655 and BL21(DE3)]. And overexpression of espA in strains MG1655 and BL21(DE3) led to significantly enhanced ethanol sensitivity. In addition to ethanol, deletion of espA also improved cell tolerance to other short-chain (C2–C4) alcohols, including methanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol and 2-butanol. Therefore, espA was responsible for short-chain alcohol sensitivity of W-strains compared to other cells, which provides a potential engineering target for alcohols production.
Discovery of a new diol-containing polyketide by heterologous expression of a silent biosynthetic gene cluster from Streptomyces lavendulae FRI-5
Authors: Pait Ivy Grace Umadhay , Kitani Shigeru , Roslan Farah Wahidah , Ulanova Dana , Arai Masayoshi , Ikeda Haruo , Nihira Takuya 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The genome of streptomycetes has the ability to produce many novel and potentially useful bioactive compounds, but most of which are not produced under standard laboratory cultivation conditions and are referred to as silent/cryptic secondary metabolites. Streptomyces lavendulae FRI-5 produces several types of bioactive compounds. However, this strain may also have the potential to biosynthesize more useful secondary metabolites. Here, we activated a silent biosynthetic gene cluster of an uncharacterized compound from S. lavendulae FRI-5 using heterologous expression. The engineered strain carrying the silent gene cluster produced compound 5, which was undetectable in the culture broth of S. lavendulae FRI-5. Using various spectroscopic analyses, we elucidated the chemical structure of compound 5 (named lavendiol) as a new diol-containing polyketide. The proposed assembly line of lavendiol shows a unique biosynthetic mechanism for polyketide compounds. The results of this study suggest the possibility of discovering more silent useful compounds from streptomycetes by genome mining and heterologous expression.
Effects of medical school selection on student motivation: a&nbsp;PhD thesis report
Authors: Wouters Anouk 
Published: December 2017

Introduction High stakes are involved in student selection, for both medical schools and applicants. This thesis investigated the effects of selection on the medical student population and applicant pool in the Dutch setting.
Methods This thesis consists of six papers: two quantitative studies, one qualitative study, two mixed methods studies and one perspective paper based on a review of the literature.
Results (1) Compared with a lottery, selection does not result in a student population with better motivation, engagement and performance, both in the clinical and pre-clinical phases of the study. (2) Selection seems to have a temporary stimulating effect on student motivation through enhancing perceived autonomy, competence and relatedness. (3) Applicants adopt a strategic approach, based on the selection procedure, in their choice of medical school. (4) The description of an applicant’s motivation is not a reliable and valid tool to assess motivation during selection. (5) Gaining healthcare experience is crucial for applicants’ motivation, but inequalities in access to such experiences can demotivate certain student groups from applying to medical school. (6) The gains yielded from selection compared with a lottery seem to be small. Unintentionally induced self-selection among certain groups of students and biased selection procedures may compromise student diversity.
Discussion The added value of selection procedures compared with a weighted lottery for admitting students to medical school is questionable. Students are generally motivated and perform well, irrespective of how they enrolled in medical school. Selection yields only small gains, while student diversity may be hampered.
Remunerating Corporate Insolvency Practitioners in the United Kingdom, Australia, and Singapore: The Roles of Courts
Authors: STEELE Stacey , WEE Meng Seng , RAMSAY Ian 
Published: December 2017

AbstractInsolvency practitioner remuneration is a vexed topic globally and the role of courts in fixing and reviewing remuneration is controversial. This article compares the approaches adopted by the courts in the United Kingdom, Australia and Singapore to the issue of fixing and reviewing corporate insolvency practitioners’ remuneration. The analysis considers the factors that the courts in the three jurisdictions consider in deciding remuneration claims including reasonableness, proportionality and the need for insolvency practitioners to justify their claims. Measures taken in each of the jurisdictions to facilitate predictability in time-based remuneration, whether through legislation, professional codes or judicial development, are examined. Various initiatives towards greater participation of external experts in deciding remuneration claims are also considered. The analysis finds that the three jurisdictions share some similarities despite jurisdictional differences but also differ in some important aspects. The article argues that courts have taken the initiative in each jurisdiction to fill a perceived regulatory gap where legislation provides little or ambiguous guidance, or where the judiciary believes that legislation and regulation have not kept up with community expectations. The results also highlight the cross-pollination of ideas in these jurisdictions.
Management and Outcomes in the Oldest-Old Population with Glioblastoma
Authors: Moraes Fabio Y. , Lo Andrea , Morgan Erin R. , Millar Barbara-Ann , Shultz David B. , Maurice Catherine , Harlos Craig , Kongkham Paul , Bernstein Mark , Zadeh Gelareh , Laperriere Normand , Mason Warren , Berlin Alejandro 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectives:Glioblastoma is a lethal disease in the elderly population. We aimed to evaluate disease and treatment outcomes in the oldest-old patients.Methods:Patients >80 years old with histologically confirmed glioblastoma treated between 2004 and 2009 were identified. We included patients managed with best supportive care (BSC), temozolomide (TMZ) alone, radiotherapy (RT) alone, or concomitantly with TMZ (CRT). Survival outcomes were analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method.Results:Ultimately, 48 patients were analyzed. Median age and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status were 82 years and 2, respectively. The median Age-Adjusted Charlson Index (AAC) was 6. Gross total and subtotal resections were performed in 16.7% and 18.8% of patients, respectively. Biopsy followed by RT alone was the treatment modality for 23/48 (47.9%), while 17/48 (35.4%) received surgery followed by RT alone or CRT. A total of 8 (16.7%) were managed with BSC after biopsy. Median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were 4.1 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 3.3-4.9) and 2.7 (95% CI 1.5-3.9) months, respectively. Improved median OS was observed in those treated with surgical resection followed by RT alone or CRT (7.1 months), compared to biopsy followed by RT alone (4.2 months) or BSC (2.0 months;p=0.002). Surgical resection, age≤85, and AAC<6 were associated with better OS (p=0.032,p=0.031, andp=0.02, respectively). Cause of death was neurological progression in 56% of cases. RT was well-tolerated.Conclusions:PFS and OS outcomes remain poor in the oldest-old patients (>80 years old). Younger age, lower AAC, surgical resection, and adjuvant treatment were associated with improved OS.
Reducing Inappropriate Urinary Catheter Use in the Emergency Department: Comparing Two Collaborative Structures
Authors: Greene M. Todd , Fakih Mohamad G. , Watson Sam R. , Ratz David , Saint Sanjay 
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUNDUrinary catheters, many of which are placed in the emergency department (ED) setting, are often inappropriate, and they are associated with infectious and noninfectious complications. Although several studies evaluating the effect of interventions have focused on reducing catheter use in the ED setting, the organizational contexts within which these interventions were implemented have not been compared.METHODSA total of 18 hospitals in the Ascension health system (ie, system-based hospitals) and 16 hospitals in the state of Michigan (ie, state-based hospitals led by the Michigan Health and Hospital Association) implemented ED interventions focused on reducing urinary catheter use. Data on urinary catheter placement in the ED, indications for catheter use, and presence of physician order for catheter placement were collected for interventions in both hospital types. Multilevel negative binomial regression was used to compare the system-based versus state-based interventions.RESULTSA total of 13,215 patients (889 with catheters) from the system-based intervention were compared to 12,104 patients (718 with catheters) from the state-based intervention. Statistically significant and sustainable reductions in urinary catheter placement (incidence rate ratio, 0.79;P=.02) and improvements in appropriate use of urinary catheters (odds ratio [OR], 1.86;P=.004) in the ED were observed in the system-based intervention, compared to the state-based intervention. Differences by collaborative structure in changes in presence of physician order for urinary catheter placement (OR, 1.14;P=.60) were not observed.CONCLUSIONSAn ED intervention consisting of establishing institutional guidelines for appropriate catheter placement and identifying clinical champions to promote adherence was associated with reducing unnecessary urinary catheter use under a system-based collaborative structure.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2018;39:77–84
Turbulence, entrainment and low-order description of a transitional variable-density jet
Authors: Viggiano B. , Dib T. , Ali N. , Mastin L. G. , Cal R. B. , Solovitz S. A. 
Published: December 2017

Geophysical flows occur over a large range of scales, with Reynolds numbers and Richardson numbers varying over several orders of magnitude. For this study, jets of different densities were ejected vertically into a large ambient region, considering conditions relevant to some geophysical phenomena. Using particle image velocimetry, the velocity fields were measured for three different gases exhausting into air – specifically helium, air and argon. Measurements focused on both the jet core and the entrained ambient. Experiments considered relatively low Reynolds numbers from approximately 1500 to 10 000 with Richardson numbers near 0.001 in magnitude. These included a variety of flow responses, notably a nearly laminar jet, turbulent jets and a transitioning jet in between. Several features were studied, including the jet development, the local entrainment ratio, the turbulent Reynolds stresses and the eddy strength. Compared to a fully turbulent jet, the transitioning jet showed up to 50 % higher local entrainment and more significant turbulent fluctuations. For this condition, the eddies were non-axisymmetric and larger than the exit radius. For turbulent jets, the eddies were initially smaller and axisymmetric while growing with the shear layer. At lower turbulent Reynolds number, the turbulent stresses were more than 50 % higher than at higher turbulent Reynolds number. In either case, the low-density jet developed faster than a comparable non-buoyant jet. Quadrant analysis and proper orthogonal decomposition were also utilized for insight into the entrainment of the jet, as well as to assess the energy distribution with respect to the number of eigenmodes. Reynolds shear stresses were dominant in Q1 and Q3 and exhibited negligible contributions from the remaining two quadrants. Both analysis techniques showed that the development of stresses downstream was dependent on the Reynolds number while the spanwise location of the stresses depended on the Richardson number.
The initial development of a jet caused by fluid, body and free surface interaction. Part 5. Parasitic capillary waves on an initially horizontal surface
Authors: Billingham J. , Needham D. J. , Korsukova E. , Munro R. J. 
Published: December 2017

In Part 3 of this series of papers (Needhamet al.,Q. J. Mech. Appl. Maths, vol. 61, 2008, pp. 581–614), we studied the free surface flow generated in a horizontal layer of inviscid fluid when a flat, rigid plate, inclined at an external angle$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}$to the horizontal, is driven into the fluid with a constant, horizontal acceleration. We found that the most interesting behaviour occurs when$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}>\unicode[STIX]{x03C0}/2$(the plate leaning into the fluid). When$\unicode[STIX]{x03C0}/2<\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}\leqslant \unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}_{c}$, with$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}_{c}\approx 102.6^{\circ }$, we were able to find the small-time asymptotic solution structure, and solve the leading-order problem numerically. When$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}=\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}_{c}$, we found numerical evidence that a$120^{\circ }$corner exists on the free surface, at leading order as$t\rightarrow 0$. For$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}>\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}_{c}$, we could find no numerical solution of the leading-order problem as$t\rightarrow 0$, and hypothesised that the solution does not exist for any$t>0$for these values of$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}$. At the present time, there is no rigorous proof of this hypothesis. In this paper, we demonstrate that the likely non-existence of a solution for any$t>0$when$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}>\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}_{c}$can be reconciled with the physics of the system by including the effect of surface tension in the model. Specifically, we find that for$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}>\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}_{c}$, the solution exists for$0\leqslant t<t_{c}$, with$t_{c}\sim Bo^{-1/(3\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}-1)}\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}_{c}$and$\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}_{c}=O(1)$as$Bo^{-1}\rightarrow 0$, where$Bo$is the Bond number ($Bo^{-1}$is the square of the ratio of the capillary length to the fluid depth) and$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}\equiv 1/(1-\unicode[STIX]{x03C0}/4\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC})$. The solution does not exist for$t\geqslant t_{c}$due to a topological transition driven by a nonlinear capillary wave, i.e. the free surface pinches off (self-intersects) when$t=t_{c}$. We are also able to compare this asymptotic solution with experimental results which show that, in an experimental case where the contact angle remains approximately constant (the modelling assumption that we make in this paper), the asymptotic solution is in good agreement. In general, the inclusion of surface tension leads to the generation of capillary waves ahead of the wavecrest, which decay as$t$increases for$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}<\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}_{c}$but dominate the flow and lead to pinch-off for$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}>\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}_{c}$. These capillary waves are an unsteady analogue of the parasitic capillary waves that can be generated ahead of steadily propagating, periodic capillary–gravity waves, e.g. Lin & Rockwell (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 302, 1995, pp. 29–44).
Interstellar Extinction in 20 Open Star Clusters
Authors: Rangwal Geeta , Yadav R. K. S. , Durgapal Alok K. , Bisht D. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe interstellar extinction law in 20 open star clusters namely, Berkeley 7, Collinder 69, Hogg 10, NGC 2362, Czernik 43, NGC 6530, NGC 6871, Bochum 10, Haffner 18, IC 4996, NGC 2384, NGC 6193, NGC 6618, NGC 7160, Collinder 232, Haffner 19, NGC 2401, NGC 6231, NGC 6823, and NGC 7380 have been studied in the optical and near-IR wavelength ranges. The difference between maximum and minimum values of E(B − V) indicates the presence of non-uniform extinction in all the clusters except Collinder 69, NGC 2362, and NGC 2384. The colour excess ratios are consistent with a normal extinction law for the clusters NGC 6823, Haffner 18, Haffner 19, NGC 7160, NGC 6193, NGC 2401, NGC 2384, NGC 6871, NGC 7380, Berkeley 7, Collinder 69, and IC 4996. We have found that the differential colour-excess ΔE(B − V), which may be due to the occurrence of dust and gas inside the clusters, decreases with the age of the clusters. A spatial variation of colour excess is found in NGC 6193 in the sense that it decreases from east to west in the cluster region. For the clusters Berkeley 7, NGC 7380, and NGC 6871, a dependence of colour excess E(B − V) with spectral class and luminosity is observed. Eight stars in Collinder 232, four stars in NGC 6530, and one star in NGC 6231 have excess flux in near-IR. This indicates that these stars may have circumstellar material around them.
A Question of Respect: A Qualitative Text Analysis of the Canadian Parliamentary Committee Hearings on The Protection of Communities and Exploited Persons Act
Authors: Johnson Genevieve Fuji , Burns Mary , Porth Kerry 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe evaluate the Canadian parliamentary hearings on The Protection of Communities and Exploited Persons Act to determine whether respectful and fair deliberation occurred. Our focus is on the content, tone, and nature of each question posed by committee members in hearings in both chambers. We find that, on the whole, the vast majority of questions met this baseline but that committee members were biased toward witnesses in agreement with their position and against witnesses in opposition to it. In addition to our substantive findings, we contribute methodological insights, including a coding scheme, for this kind of qualitative text analysis.
Narrating Canadian Political Science: History Revisited
Authors: Abu-Laban Yasmeen 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn this address, I argue that the organizational and ideational evolution of political science is closely interconnected with Canada’s history and unequal social relations since Confederation. This is because organized political science in Canada was really at heart a national venture. As a consequence, in order to understand the ideas animating early political scientists we have to consider Canada’s foundational status as a settler colony in the North American space, with a privileged place in the British Empire. This perspective may also help to highlight the distinct features of the colonial present which are giving rise to multiple sites of knowledge production-or multiple knowledges.