bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The AllWISE Catalog as an Infrared Celestial Reference Frame in the Gaia Era
Authors: Liu J.-C. , Liu N. , Zhu Z. , Yao J. , Nurul Huda I. , Wang Z.-W. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The launch of Gaia in 2013 December ushered in a new era of space astrometry, allowing for fundamental reference research at an unprecedented level of precision. The international celestial reference frames in the radio band and the Gaia celestial reference frame in the optical band have been established and are consistent within several microarcseconds for axes orientation. To bridge the gap between the visual and radio bands, an infrared reference frame should be investigated. We present a study aimed at constructing an infrared reference frame using the observations from the AllWISE catalog. It is compared with Gaia DR3 for approximately 0.57 million extragalactic sources and for a full set of 273 million sources. Systematic differences in positions and proper motions, such as magnitude or color equations and vector spherical harmonics, are derived. These systematic differences are comparable to the random errors of AllWISE measurements and can be used to improve the AllWISE source positions and proper motions, making the AllWISE catalog a valuable all-sky reference frame in the infrared band. Our investigation of the AllWISE catalog reveals that extragalactic sources and stars exhibit different astrometric properties. The global difference between the extragalactic source reference frame and the stellar reference frames is found to be 8.6 mas and 13.7 mas for global rotation and glide amplitudes, respectively. Such internal inconsistency should be considered when using AllWISE as an infrared reference frame. Finally, we determine the orientation of the mean Galactic plane using the calibrated source distribution of the AllWISE catalog.
An Untargeted Search for Radio-emitting Tidal Disruption Events in the VAST Pilot Survey
Authors: Dykaar Hannah , Drout Maria R. , Gaensler B. M. , Kaplan David L. , Murphy Tara , Horesh Assaf , Anumarlapudi Akash , Dobie Dougal , Driessen Laura N. , Lenc Emil , Stewart Adam J. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We present a systematic search for tidal disruption events (TDEs) using radio data from the Variables and Slow Transients (VAST) Pilot Survey conducted using the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder. Historically, TDEs have been identified using observations at X-ray, optical, and ultraviolet wavelengths. After discovery, a few dozen TDEs have been shown to have radio counterparts through follow-up observations. With systematic time-domain radio surveys becoming available, we can now identify new TDEs in the radio regime. A population of radio-discovered TDEs has the potential to provide several key insights including an independent constraint on their volumetric rate. We conducted a search to select variable radio sources with a single prominent radio flare and a position consistent within 2σ of the nucleus of a known galaxy. While TDEs were the primary target of our search, sources identified in this search may also be consistent with active galactic nuclei exhibiting unusual flux density changes at the timescales probed, uncharacteristically bright supernovae, or a population of gamma-ray bursts. We identify a sample of 12 radio-bright candidate TDEs. The timescales and luminosities range from ∼6 to 230 days and ∼1038 to 1041 erg s−1, respectively, consistent with models of radio emission from TDEs that launch relativistic jets. After calculating the detection efficiency of our search using a Monte Carlo simulation of TDEs, and assuming all 12 sources are jetted TDEs, we derive a volumetric rate for jetted TDEs of

0.80

−
0.23

+
0.31

Gpc−3 yr−1, consistent with previous empirically estimated rates.
The Not-so Dramatic Effect of Advective Flows on Gas Accretion
Authors: Savignac Vincent , Lee Eve J. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Super-Earths and mini-Neptunes are the most common types of exoplanets discovered, yet the physics of their formation are still debated. Standard core accretion models in gas-rich environments find that typical mini-Neptune mass planets would blow up into Jupiters before the underlying disk gas dissipates away. The injection of entropy from the protoplanetary disk into forming gaseous envelopes has recently been put forward as a mechanism to delay this runaway accretion, specifically at short orbital distances. Here, we reevaluate this line of reasoning by incorporating recycling flows of gas into a numerical one-dimensional thermodynamic model with a more realistic equation of state and opacities and the thermal state of the advective flow. At 0.1 au, we find that advective flows are only able to produce mini-Neptunes if they can penetrate below ∼0.25 of the planet’s gravitational sphere of influence. Otherwise, the gas-to-core mass ratio (GCR) reaches above ∼10%, which is too large to explain the measured properties of mini-Neptunes, necessitating other gas-limiting processes such as late-time core assembly. The effect of entropy advection on gas accretion weakens even further beyond 0.1 au. We present an updated scaling relation between GCR and the penetration depth of the advective flows, which varies nontrivially with orbital distances, core masses, and dusty versus dust-free opacity. We further demonstrate how measurements of planet mass distribution beyond ∼1 au using future instruments such as the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope could be used to disambiguate between different formation conditions of gas-poor planets.
Coupled Disk-star Evolution in Galactic Nuclei and the Lifetimes of QPE Sources
Authors: Linial Itai , Metzger Brian D. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A modest fraction of the stars in galactic nuclei fed toward the central supermassive black hole (SMBH) approach on low-eccentricity orbits driven by gravitational-wave radiation (extreme mass ratio inspiral (EMRI)). In the likely event that a gaseous accretion disk is created in the nucleus during this slow inspiral (e.g., via an independent tidal disruption event (TDE)), star–disk collisions generate regular short-lived flares consistent with the observed quasiperiodic eruption (QPE) sources. We present a model for the coupled star-disk evolution, which self-consistently accounts for mass and thermal energy injected into the disk from stellar collisions and associated mass ablation. For weak collision/ablation heating, the disk is thermally unstable and undergoes limit-cycle oscillations, which modulate its properties and lead to accretion-powered outbursts on timescales of years to decades, with a time-averaged accretion rate ∼0.1Ṁ Edd. Stronger collision/ablation heating acts to stabilize the disk, enabling roughly steady accretion at the EMRI-stripping rate. In either case, the stellar destruction time through ablation, and hence the maximum QPE lifetime, is ∼102–103 yr, far longer than fallback accretion after a TDE. The quiescent accretion disks in QPE sources may at the present epoch be self-sustaining and fed primarily by EMRI ablation. Indeed, the observed range of secular variability broadly matches those predicted for collision-fed disks. Changes in the QPE recurrence pattern following such outbursts, similar to that observed in GSN 069, could arise from temporary misalignment between the EMRI-fed disk and the SMBH equatorial plane as the former regrows its mass after a state transition.
Mapping the Distribution of the Magnetic Field Strength along the NGC 315 Jet
Authors: Kino Motoki , Ro Hyunwook , Takahashi Masaaki , Kawashima Tomohisa , Park Jongho , Hada Kazuhiro , Cui Yuzhu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We study magnetic field strengths along the jet in NGC 315. First, we estimated the angular velocity of rotation in the jet magnetosphere by comparing the measured velocity profile of NGC 315 with the magnetohydrodynamic jet model proposed by Tomimatsu and Takahashi. Similar to the case of M87, we find that the model can reproduce the logarithmic feature of the velocity profile and suggest a slowly rotating black hole magnetosphere for NGC 315. By substituting the estimated Ω
F
into the jet power predicted by the Blandford–Znajek mechanism, we estimate the magnetic field strength near the event horizon of the central black hole as 5 × 103 G ≲ B

H
≲ 2 × 104 G. We then estimate magnetic field strengths along the jet by comparing the spectral index distribution obtained from very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations with a synchrotron-emitting jet model. Then we constrain the magnetic field strength at a deprojected distance z from the black hole to be in the range 0.06 G ≲ B(z) ≲ 0.9 G for 5.2 × 103
r

g
≲ z ≲ 4.9 × 104
r

g
, where r

g
represents the gravitational radius. By combining the obtained field strengths at the event horizon and the downstream section of the jet, we find that the accretion flow at the jet base is consistent with a magnetically arrested disk. We discuss a comparison of the jet power and the magnetic flux anchored to the event horizon in NGC 315 and M87.
Nonthermal Observations of a Flare Loop-top Using IRIS Fe xxi: Implications for Turbulence and Electron Acceleration
Authors: Ashfield William , Polito Vanessa , Yu Sijie , Collier Hannah , Hayes Laura A. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The excess broadening of high-temperature spectral lines, long observed near the tops of flare arcades, is widely considered to result from magnetohydrodynamic turbulence. According to different theories, plasma turbulence is also believed to be a candidate mechanism for particle acceleration during solar flares. However, the degree to which this broadening is connected to the acceleration of nonthermal electrons remains largely unexplored outside of recent work, and many observations have been limited by limited spatial resolution and cadence. Using the Interface Region Imaging Spectrometer, we present spatially resolved observations of loop-top (LT) broadenings using hot (≈11 MK) Fe xxi 1354.1 Å line emission at ≈9 s cadence during the 2022 March 30 X1.3 flare. We find nonthermal velocities upward of 65 km s−1 that decay linearly with time, indicating the presence and subsequent dissipation of plasma turbulence. Moreover, the initial Fe xxi signal was found to be cospatial and cotemporal with microwave emission measured by the Expanded Owens Valley Solar Array, placing a population of nonthermal electrons in the same region as the LT turbulence. Evidence of electron acceleration at this time is further supported by hard X-ray measurements from the Spectrometer/Telescope for Imaging X-rays on board Solar Orbiter. Using the decay of nonthermal broadenings as a proxy for turbulent dissipation, we found the rate of energy dissipation to be consistent with the power of nonthermal electrons deposited into the chromosphere, suggesting a possible connection between turbulence and electron acceleration.
JWST MIRI Detections of Hα and [O iii] and a Direct Metallicity Measurement of the z = 10.17 Lensed Galaxy MACS0647−JD
Authors: Hsiao Tiger Yu-Yang , Álvarez-Márquez Javier , Coe Dan , Crespo Gómez Alejandro , Abdurro’uf  , Dayal Pratika , Larson Rebecca L. , Bik Arjan , Blanco-Prieto Carmen , Colina Luis , Pérez-González Pablo Guillermo , Costantin Luca , Prieto-Jiménez Carlota , Adamo Angela , Bradley Larry D. , Conselice Christopher J. , Fujimoto Seiji , Furtak Lukas J. , Hutchison Taylor A. , James Bethan L. , Jiménez-Teja Yolanda , Jung Intae , Kokorev Vasily , Mingozzi Matilde , Norman Colin , Ricotti Massimo , Rigby Jane R. , Sharon Keren , Vanzella Eros , Welch Brian , Xu Xinfeng , Zackrisson Erik , Zitrin Adi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
JWST spectroscopy has revolutionized our understanding of galaxies in the early Universe. Covering wavelengths up to 5.3 μm, NIRSpec can detect rest-frame optical Hα emission lines out to z = 7 and [O iii] to z = 9.5. Observing these lines in more distant galaxies requires longer wavelength spectroscopy with MIRI. Here we present MIRI Medium Resolution Spectrograph integral field unit observations of the lensed galaxy merger MACS0647–JD at z = 10.165. With exposure times of 4.2 hr in each of two bands (SHORT and LONG), we detect Hα at 9σ, [O iii] λ5008 at 11σ, and [O iii] λ4960 at 3σ. Combined with previously reported NIRSpec spectroscopy that yielded seven emission lines including the auroral line [O iii] λ4363, we present the first direct metallicity measurement of a z > 10 galaxy:

12
+
log
(
O

/

H
)
=
7.79
±
0.09

, or

0.13

−
0.03

+
0.02

Z

⊙

. This is similar to galaxies at z ∼ 4–9 with direct metallicity measurements, though higher than expected given the high specific star formation rate log(sSFR/yr−1) = −7.4 ± 0.3. We further constrain the ionization parameter

log
(
U
)

= −1.9 ± 0.1, ionizing photon production efficiency log(ξ
ion) = 25.3 ± 0.1, and SFR = 5.0 ± 0.6 M
⊙ yr−1 within the past 10 Myr. These observations demonstrate the combined power of JWST NIRSpec and MIRI for studying galaxies in the first 500 million years.
LP349-25AB: Application of Magneto-convection Model to an M Dwarf Binary Where Radio and Astrometric Data have Yielded Masses with 0.7% Precision
Authors: MacDonald J. , Mullan D. J. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Reliable (±(1–2)%) estimates of stellar masses have typically been obtained from eclipsing binaries. In such cases, derived values of radii and T
eff are in many cases discrepant relative to standard models, especially in active stars. These discrepancies led to the development of magneto-convection theory. Recently, an independent technique has emerged for determining precise masses of radio-emitting binary components: interferometric observations at multiple points around the orbit. S. Curiel et al. have used this technique to determine the masses of both components of an M8+M9 binary (LP349-25AB) with remarkably high precision: ±0.7%. However, applying standard models suggests that the components are not co-eval, differing in age by ∼30%. But LP349-25 is such a close binary (with a separation of 1.2 au) that non-coevality seems unrealistic. Here, we report on magneto-convective modeling which resolves the apparent non-coevality while simultaneously explaining why the primary component is variable, but the secondary component is not.
Screening Tools for Alcohol Use Disorder Among Older Adults: A Scoping Review
Authors: Greenleaf Brown Lynn , Short Pamela R. , Grabowsky Adelia 
Published: September 2024

Purpose
As the number of older adults increases, the volume of alcohol-related problems among the older adult population also rises. The purpose of the current scoping review was to summarize and disseminate research findings related to screening for alcohol use disorder (AUD) in older adults (aged ≥60 years) and determine if research gaps exist in the current literature.

Method
The concepts of older adults, screening tools, AUD, and instrument evaluation were searched in Medline, APA PsycINFO, and CINAHL. After eligibility criteria were established, screening was completed using Covidence software. Data extracted from each study included the instrument used, method of evaluation, and findings.

Results
Seven studies remained after screening. None of the studies took place in the United States. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test and related variations were used most often and were found to be adequate for detecting at-risk drinking among older adults. In addition, some studies suggested lower screening limits for older adults.

Conclusion

As the percentage of older adults engaging in risky or hazardous drinking patterns grows, there is an increased need for AUD screening using a reliable tool. Current research is limited; more research is needed regarding which tools perform best in various settings, as well as how to interpret instrument results for older adults. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 50
(11), 21–28.]
Describing Community-Based Nurses' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices in the Nutritional Care of Older Adults: Results of a UK Survey
Authors: Shield Ashley , Romano Vittoria , Robinson Sian M. , Witham Miles D. 
Published: September 2024

Purpose
To ascertain current nutritional knowledge and training needs of community-based nurses caring for older adults in the United Kingdom.

Method
A descriptive cross-sectional, anonymized, online survey of nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to older adults' nutrition was developed. Community-based nurses working with older adults in the United Kingdom were recruited via social media and convenience sampling.

Results
Responses were received from 194 community-based nurses. Nutritional care was seen as a multidisciplinary responsibility by 62% of participants. Most undertook nutrition screening (93%), were confident in providing nutritional advice (83%), and ease of identifying those in need (88%) was high. However, some aspects of nutritional knowledge were less complete, including recommended daily intakes of protein (60% unsure) and fiber (52% unsure).

Conclusion

High confidence in delivering nutritional advice contrasted with uncertainty around some aspects of nutritional knowledge, suggesting opportunities to improve training on the nutritional needs of older adults. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 50
(11), 13–19.]
Experiences and Perceptions of Social Connection Among Minoritized Older Adults With HIV During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Yoo-Jeong Moka , Lacroix-Williamson Lorraine , Mejía David Salvador Cruz , Yom Tiana , Kim Miso , Lincoln Alisa K. 
Published: September 2024

Purpose
Older people with HIV (OPWH; aged ≥50 years) have unique vulnerabilities to intersecting risks for marginalization and isolation. The current qualitative study explored perceptions of social connection during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Method
Purposive sampling was used to recruit participants from two local community-based organizations (CBOs) in the Greater Boston area. Recruitment occurred through dissemination of flyers by staff of the CBOs. Semi-structured interviews were conducted between October 2021 and March 2022. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results
Of 22 participants, most were women (63.6%) and Hispanic/Latinx or African American/Black (86.4%). Participants viewed social connection as an important aspect of well-being, but acknowledged that COVID-19 induced social isolation. There were gender differences in social connection. Technology was adopted by all participants that allowed connection to others. Pre-existing relationships with support groups and CBOs facilitated improved social connection and well-being.

Conclusion

Focused attention should be on individuals not linked to CBOs or social services and those who lack access or have barriers to technology use, as they may be at the most significant risk for isolation. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 50
(12), 11–17.]
The Ergonomic Evaluation of Attendings and Trainees Across the Vitreoretinal Service as Measured by a Wearable Device
Authors: Sather Richard N. , Moon Jade Y. , Romano Francesco , Overbey Kate , Choi Hanna , Laíns Inês M. D. C. , Husain Deeba , Patel Nimesh A. , Miller John B. 
Published: September 2024

Background and Objective
A cross-sectional prospective study to examine ergonomic differences in vitreoretinal settings: surgery, clinic, and dedicated procedure clinic.

Patients and Methods
Three vitreoretinal surgeons, three fellows, and one resident at a tertiary eye care facility. Participants wore an Upright Go 2 posture device and posture was recorded in each setting between July 1 to August 31, 2023.

Results

Time in upright and poor postures was tracked. Significant differences were found in postural score for attendings between work settings (
P
< 0.01). Trainees showed no significant difference between settings. Poor posture in surgery was linked to microscope use and scleral buckle placement; in the clinic, it was associated with pan-retinal photocoagulation and injection minutes; in procedure clinic, it was ophthalmologist-dependent and those performing injections.

Conclusions
Ergonomic considerations are crucial in vitreoretinal practice. Attendings and trainees should focus on posture in surgery and clinic settings to enhance career longevity.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
2025;56:80–85.]
Astronomia, Ciência e Formação de Professores: concepções de acadêmicos em um curso de Pedagogia
Authors: Santos Elizandra Daneize dos , Albano Karine , Langhi Rodolfo 
Published: September 2024

Este artigo destaca a importância de explorar o Ensino de Ciências, bem como o Ensino da Astronomia nos cursos de Formação de Professores, de modo a desenvolver uma perspectiva crítica e reflexiva, que reflita a prática e possibilite aos alunos diferentes situações no processo de ensino e de aprendizagem. Constitui-se como questão de pesquisa: “De que maneira o ensino de Ciências (pode) colabora(r) para a construção do conhecimento em Astronomia, possibilitando a compreensão de diferentes aspectos no processo de ensino e de aprendizagem nesta área?”. O objetivo geral é descrever como a Astronomia é compreendida pelos acadêmicos do curso de Pedagogia, a respeito das concepções sobre a importância do ensino e aprendizagem de seus conteúdos, inseridos na disciplina de Ciências. A coleta de dados compreende algumas questões elaboradas pelos autores e respondidas por dezessete acadêmicos de um curso de Pedagogia, referentes ao conhecimento em Astronomia e ressalta indicadores que podem acarretar lacunas educacionais nesta área de ensino. Trata-se de uma pesquisa mista, de natureza qualitativa e quantitativa, pois apresentamos alguns resultados quantitativos, com o uso de quadros, e qualitativos com breves discussões a respeito dos resultados encontrados, fazendo reflexões sobre o Ensino da Astronomia. Os dados permitem identificar evidências de fragilidades na compreensão de conceitos da Astronomia, e consequentemente possíveis dificuldades na abordagem pedagógica por parte desses futuros profissionais da Educação.
Intravenous Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) Induces a More Potent Airway and Lung Immune Response than Intradermal BCG in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus–infected Macaques
Authors: Jauro Solomon , Larson Erica C , Gleim Janelle L , Wahlberg Brendon M , Rodgers Mark A , Chehab Julia C , Lopez-Velazques Alondra E , Ameel Cassaundra L , Tomko Jaime A , Sakal Jennifer L , DeMarco Todd , Borish H Jacob , Maiello Pauline , Potter E Lake , Roederer Mario , Ling Lin Philana , Flynn JoAnne L , Scanga Charles A 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is one of the leading causes of death due to an infectious agent. Coinfection with HIV exacerbates M. tuberculosis infection outcomes in people living with HIV. Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG), the only approved TB vaccine, is effective in infants, but its efficacy in adolescents and adults is limited. In this study, we investigated the immune responses elicited by BCG administered via i.v. or intradermal (i.d.) routes in SIV-infected Mauritian cynomolgus macaques (MCM) without the confounding effects of M. tuberculosis challenge. We assessed the impact of vaccination on T cell responses in the airway, blood, and tissues (lung, thoracic lymph nodes, and spleen), as well as the expression of cytokines, cytotoxic effectors, and key transcription factors. Our results showed that i.v. BCG induces a robust and sustained immune response, including tissue-resident memory T cells in lungs, polyfunctional CD4+ and CD8αβ+ T cells expressing multiple cytokines, and CD8αβ+ T cells and NK cells expressing cytotoxic effectors in airways. We also detected higher levels of mycobacteria-specific IgG and IgM in the airways of i.v. BCG-vaccinated MCM. Although i.v. BCG vaccination resulted in an influx of tissue-resident memory T cells in lungs of MCM with controlled SIV replication, MCM with high plasma SIV RNA (&gt;105 copies/ml) typically displayed reduced T cell responses, suggesting that uncontrolled SIV or HIV replication would have a detrimental effect on i.v. BCG-induced protection against M. tuberculosis.