bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parr dispersal between streams via a marine environment: A novel mechanism behind straying for anadromous brown trout?
Authors: Taal Imre , Rohtla Mehis , Saks Lauri , Kesler Martin , Jürgens Kristiina , Svirgsden Roland , Matetski Lagle , Verliin Aare , Paiste Päärn , Vetemaa Markus 
Published: January 2017

AbstractOtolith Sr:Ca profiles demonstrated that juvenile anadromous brown trout (ABT) Salmo trutta may descend to the brackish waters of the Baltic Sea from their natal streams as parr or fry and then migrate into non‐natal streams before transforming into smolt. To our knowledge, no such published documentation exists for ABT. The ecological significance of this life‐history strategy is presently not clear. However, stream shifting through the marine environment should to be considered with regard to stock management and the assessment and restoration of salmonid populations and their potential habitats.
Effect of wind turbulence on gas transport in porous media: experimental method and preliminary results
Authors: Pourbakhtiar A. , Poulsen T. G. , Wilkinson S. , Bridge J. W. 
Published: January 2017

We demonstrate a novel experimental arrangement for measuring wind turbulence‐induced gas transport in dry porous media under controlled conditions. This equipment was applied to assess the effect of wind turbulence on gas transport (quantified as a dispersion coefficient) as a function of distance to the surface of the porous medium exposed to wind. Two different strategies for the measurement of wind‐induced gas transport were compared. Experiments were carried out with O2 and CO2 as tracer gases with average vertical wind speeds of 0.02–1.06 m s−1. Oxygen breakthrough curves as a function of distance to the wind‐exposed surface of the porous medium were analysed numerically with a finite‐difference‐based model to assess gas transport. We showed that wind turbulence‐induced gas transport is an important transport mechanism that can be 20–70 times larger than molecular diffusion‐induced transport. Wind conditions and properties of the porous medium had strong controlling effects on this relationship. Importantly, we show that even though wind‐induced gas transport is greatest near to the wind‐exposed surface, it can have marked effects on the variation in gas concentration at much greater depths.Highlights
We explored the effect of atmospheric wind turbulence on gas transport in porous media.
We measured the depth relation of wind‐induced dispersion in porous media for real wind conditions.
Wind‐induced gas dispersion coefficients were 20–70 times larger than molecular diffusion.
Wind turbulence can potentially have a considerable effect on gas transport in porous media.
Delivery Outcomes of Patients with Acute Migraine in Pregnancy: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Grossman Tracy B. , Robbins Matthew S. , Govindappagari Shravya , Dayal Ashlesha K. 
Published: January 2017

ObjectiveTo describe labor and delivery outcomes in pregnant patients presenting to the hospital setting with an acute severe migraine headache attack earlier in the same gestation.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed pregnancy and delivery records from a database of consecutive inpatient neurology consultations for acute headache in pregnant women over a 5 year period.ResultsWe identified 86 pregnant women with acute migraine. The mean age was 29.3 (±6.4) years. Nearly half had migraine with aura (35/86 [40.7%]), 12.8% (12/86) had chronic migraine, and 31.4% (27/86) presented in status migrainosus. Complication rates included 54.7%([41/75], 95% CI 29.87, 52.13) for at least one adverse outcome, 28.0% ([21/75], 95% CI 11.78, 30.22) for preterm delivery, 21.3% ([16/75], 95% CI 7.7, 24.3) for preeclampsia, 30.6% ([23/75] 95% CI 13.48, 32.52) for cesarean delivery, and 18.7% ([14/75] 95% CI 6.15, 21.85) for low birthweight.ConclusionsPregnant women seeking treatment for acute migraine headache experienced a higher rate of preterm delivery, preeclampsia, and low birthweight but a lower rate of cesarean delivery than the local and general populations. More than half (54.7% [41/75] 95% CI 29.87, 52.13) of the study patients experienced some type of adverse birth outcome, suggesting that pregnancies in migraine patients presenting to an acute care setting may benefit from more intense surveillance.
Impact of land‐use change on flower‐visiting insect communities on an oceanic island
Authors: Picanço Ana , Rigal François , Matthews Thomas J. , Cardoso Pedro , Borges Paulo A. V. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract

Land‐use change has profoundly impacted pollinator communities throughout the world. However, the processes through which it acts on pollinator diversity and composition are still poorly understood, especially in highly vulnerable island ecosystems.

In this study, we investigated the distribution, abundance, richness and composition of flower‐visiting insects to assess their response to land‐use change in Terceira Island (Azores).

Flower‐visiting insects were sampled over 2 years using a standardised protocol along 50 transects across five different habitats corresponding to a land‐use gradient. Insect species were classified as indigenous or exotics. We assessed changes across habitats using multiple diversity indices, species abundance distribution models (SAD) and species composition metrics (β‐diversity), along with plant species composition.

We observed that indigenous flower‐visiting insects were dominant, both in abundance and species richness, across the entire land‐use gradient. Species diversity varied only slightly across the gradient. SADs were lognormal in all habitats, with very few truly common and rare flower‐visiting insects and a prevalence of species of intermediate abundance. Species replacement was significantly higher mainly between the two most contrasting habitats (i.e. natural forests and intensive pastures) but was significantly correlated with species replacement of host plant species across the gradient.

Our results revealed that the Azorean flower‐visiting insect communities were highly simplified across the entire gradient with little difference between habitats. In the absence of strong exotic competitors, indigenous flower‐visiting insects expand their range and occupy new anthropogenic habitats, also facilitating the expansion of a large number of exotic plant species.
Structural and redox features of La0.7Bi0.3Mn1−xCoxO3 nanoperovskites for ethane combustion and CO oxidation
Authors: Gholizadeh Ahmad , Malekzadeh Azim 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn this work, structural and catalytic properties of La0.7Bi0.3Mn1−xCoxO3 nanocatalysts with x=0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00 prepared by citrate method are investigated. The structural characterization using X'Pert package and Fullprof program is an evidence for structural phase transition. The values of refined unit cell volume obtained from the Rietveld analysis show decreasing and increasing tendencies for values of x≤0.5 and x>0.5, respectively. The catalytic performance tests of the catalysts show that the samples x=0.00 and 0.25 have lower temperature of CO oxidation and C2H6 combustion, respectively.
Perceptions of cancer of unknown primary site: a national survey of Australian medical oncologists
Authors: Karapetis Christos S. , Guccione Lisa , Tattersall Martin H. N. , Gooden Helen , Vajdic Claire M. , Lambert Sylvie , Robotin Monica , Mileshkin Linda , Schofield Penelope 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundDespite being the sixth most common cause of cancer death in Australia, cancer of unknown primary (CUP) site remains poorly understood.AimsTo describe practices relating to the diagnosis, investigation, classification, communication and management of CUP among medical oncologists.MethodsWe invited all members of the Medical Oncology Group of Australia to participate in a national, anonymous online survey about CUP. The survey collected data regarding diagnosis acceptance, diagnostic tests, treatment protocols and communication practices around the diagnosis of CUP.ResultsThree hundred and two oncologists were invited and 86 (28%) completed the survey. Eighty (93%) respondents were directly involved in the assessment of patients with CUP. Eighty‐five (99%) respondents were prepared to make a diagnosis of CUP if, after appropriate diagnostic tests, the primary location could not be ascertained. Eighty‐three percent would assign a primary site to obtain Pharmaceutical Benefits Schedule funding of medical therapy. Sixty‐two percent did not have a specific treatment protocol designed for CUP. The majority of oncologists used serum tumour markers and computed tomography scans in the initial work‐up, while 43% indicated they would use a positron emission tomography scan in the majority of cases. The majority would arrange mammography in female patients. Thematic analysis of responses to open‐ended questions about how CUP is described identified little consistency in the language being used.ConclusionThe approach to diagnosis, investigation and management of CUP by medical oncologists in Australia is variable. Many preferred to estimate the primary site and treat accordingly. Pharmaceutical Benefits Schedule restrictions may encourage the practice of ‘best guessing’.
Kernel δ18O reflects changes in apical dominance and plant transpiration in tropical maize
Authors: Cabrera‐Bosquet L. , Grieder C. , Alvarez Prado S. , Sánchez C. , Araus J. L. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractModification of source–sink ratios in tropical maize through detasseling is an ancestral agronomical practice used for increasing yields under stressful conditions. However, the mechanisms behind such effect are not well understood given the difficulties to determine physiological processes such as photosynthesis and whole‐plant transpiration in the field. We have tested the potential ability of kernel δ18O to assess differences in grain yield (GY) through changes in plant transpiration caused by the modification of water availability and source–sink modification treatments, (including removal of the tassel and different numbers of leaves) in three tropical maize hybrids differing in drought tolerance. Drought‐tolerant genotypes displayed higher yields and lower kernel δ18O values than the drought‐susceptible genotype under both well‐watered (WW) and water‐stressed (WS) conditions. Detasseling caused a positive increase in GY under well‐watered (up to 8%) and water‐deficit conditions (up to 36%). Reduction in leaf area (source) through defoliation treatments caused a large impact on GY showing a trade‐off between maintaining a photosynthetic versus transpiring leaf area. Thus, while a reasonable reduction in leaf area significantly improved plant water availability (as shown by lower kernel δ18O values) and consequently GY under water deficit (up to 40%), it caused a maximum reduction of 25% in GY under well‐watered conditions. Variations in GY were significantly (p < .05) correlated with changes in δ18O under both well‐watered (r = −.67) and WS conditions (r = .75 and .82). Our results also reinforce the utility of δ18O measured in mature kernels as a powerful ecophysiological tool for assessing genotypic differences in apical dominance, transpiration and yield under both WW and WS conditions in tropical maize.
Current practices related to family presence during acute deterioration in adult emergency department patients
Authors: Youngson Megan J , Currey Judy , Considine Julie 
Published: January 2017

Aims and objectivesTo explore the characteristics of and interactions between clinicians, patients and family members during management of the deteriorating adult patient in the emergency department.BackgroundPrevious research into family presence during resuscitation has identified many positive outcomes when families are included. However, over the last three decades the epidemiology of acute clinical deterioration has changed, with a decrease in in‐hospital cardiac arrests and an increase in acute clinical deterioration. Despite the decrease in cardiac arrests, research related to family presence continues to focus on care during resuscitation rather than care during acute deterioration.DesignDescriptive exploratory study using nonparticipatory observation.MethodsFive clinical deterioration episodes were observed within a 50‐bed, urban, Australian emergency department. Field notes were taken using a semistructured tool to allow for thematic analysis.ResultsPresence, roles and engagement describe the interactions between clinicians, family members and patients while family are present during a patient's episode of deterioration. Presence was classified as no presence, physical presence and therapeutic presence. Clinicians and family members moved through primary, secondary and tertiary roles during patients’ deterioration episode. Engagement was observed to be superficial or deep. There was a complex interplay between presence, roles and engagement with each influencing which form the other could take.ConclusionsCurrent practices of managing family during episodes of acute deterioration are complex and multifaceted. There is fluid interplay between presence, roles and engagement during a patient's episode of deterioration.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study will contribute to best practice, provide a strong foundation for clinician education and present opportunities for future research.
Sexual violence in the college population: a systematic review of disclosure and campus resources and services
Authors: Halstead Valerie , Williams Jessica R , Gonzalez‐Guarda Rosa 
Published: January 2017

Aims and objectivesTo synthesise research examining college student sexual violence disclosure and campus sexual violence resources and services.BackgroundRecently, the issue of sexual violence within the college population has garnered attention worldwide. The prevalence of sexual violence within college students is alarmingly high. Survivors often experience negative outcomes (e.g. health‐related consequences, impact on education). Efforts have been made to address this significant public health concern.DesignSystematic review of published literature.MethodsStudies were identified through systematic searches of PubMed, CINAHL and PsycInfo of articles published between January 2010–February 2015. A total of 672 articles were identified. After screening, 16 articles were included in this review.ResultsA lack of consistency in how sexual violence was referred to and measured was identified. Research on college student sexual violence disclosure has primarily been conducted in six areas: (1) informal disclosure, (2) formal disclosure, (3) friends’ perceptions of disclosure, (4) process/effects of disclosure on the survivor, (5) barriers to disclosure and (6) social support in the disclosure process. Research related to campus sexual violence resources and services has primarily focused on: (1) students’ knowledge, (2) students’ utilization and (3) students’ suggestions. Synthesised findings are presented.ConclusionsSexual violence impacts college student survivors and the campus community as a whole. To appropriately assist/address sexual violence, a thorough understanding of college student sexual violence disclosure and campus sexual violence resources/services is necessary. Suggestions for researchers, colleges and nurses are provided.Relevance to clinical practiceNurses who serve students, especially those at on‐campus student health centres, are opportunely placed to address sexual violence. Findings highlight the need for nurses to use consistent definitions of sexual violence when identifying survivors. Nurses should take measures to increase disclosure and promote sexual violence resources/services provided by their facility. Additional suggestions for nurses are provided.
Foliar uptake of radiocaesium from irrigation water by paddy rice (Oryza sativa): an overlooked pathway in contaminated environments
Authors: Uematsu Shinichiro , Vandenhove Hildegarde , Sweeck Lieve , Hees May Van , Wannijn Jean , Smolders Erik 
Published: January 2017

Summary

Flooded (paddy) rice (Oryza sativa) can take up ions from the irrigation water by foliar uptake via the exposed stem base. We hypothesised that the stem base uptake of radiocaesium (RCs) is a pathway for rice grown in RCs‐contaminated environments.

We developed a bi‐compartmental device which discriminates the stem base from root RCs uptake from solutions, thereby using RCs isotopes (137Cs and 134Cs) with < 2% solution leak between the compartments.

Radiocaesium uptake was linear over time (0–24 h). Radiocaesium uptake to the entire plant, expressed per dry weight of the exposed parts, was sixfold higher for the roots than for the exposed stem base. At equal RCs concentrations in both compartments, the exposed stem base and root uptake contributed almost equally to the total shoot RCs concentrations. Reducing potassium supply to the roots not only increased the root RCs uptake but also increased RCs uptake by the stem base.

This study was the first to experimentally demonstrate active and internally regulated RCs uptake by the stem base of rice. Scenario calculations for the Fukushima‐affected area predict that RCs in irrigation water could be an important source of RCs in rice as indirectly suggested from field data.
Visual perception of faces with unilateral and bilateral cleft lip and palate: An Eye‐Tracking Study
Authors: Dindaroğlu Furkan , Doğan Servet , Amado Sonia , Doğan Ege 
Published: January 2017

Structured AbstractObjectivesTo test the hypotheses that there are differences between orthodontists, individuals with cleft lip and palate (CLP) and laypersons in the visual perception of faces with unilateral (UCLP) and bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP), the faces with UCLP and BCLP are visually perceived differently and the hierarchy of visual attention changes when viewing individuals with CLP.Setting and Sample PopulationDepartment of Orthodontics and Experimental Psychology at Ege University, İzmir. Sixty images (faces with a social smile and at rest) of 30 volunteers (unaffected controls, UCLP, BCLP) were viewed by 80 participants: orthodontists, individuals with CLP and laypersons.Materials and MethodsEye fixations on four areas of interest were quantified: eyes, nose, upper lip and lower lip–chin. Time to first fixation, fixation before, fixation count and fixation duration parameters were analysed.ResultsOrthodontists fixated on the upper‐lip area more often than laypersons or individuals with CLP (F2.144=8.47, P=.00, η²=.19 in faces at rest). The upper‐lip area received more fixations (F2.144=21.93, P=.00, η²=.23) and longer fixation durations (F2.144=28.86, P=.00, η²=.27) from all participants who gazed on faces with UCLP and a social smile.ConclusionThe hypotheses of the study were supported. Orthodontists and laypersons focused more attention on the upper lip and eyes in the resting position, respectively. The upper‐lip area of the BCLP images captured more attention at rest.
Molecular mechanisms and ecological function of far‐red light signalling
Authors: Sheerin David J. , Hiltbrunner Andreas 
Published: January 2017

AbstractLand plants possess the ability to sense and respond to far‐red light (700–760 nm), which serves as an important environmental cue. Due to the nature of far‐red light, it is not absorbed by chlorophyll and thus is enriched in canopy shade and will also penetrate deeper into soil than other visible wavelengths. Far‐red light responses include regulation of seed germination, suppression of hypocotyl growth, induction of flowering and accumulation of anthocyanins, which depend on one member of the phytochrome photoreceptor family, phytochrome A (phyA). Here, we review the current understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of how plants sense far‐red light through phyA and the physiological responses to this light quality. Light‐activated phytochromes act on two primary pathways within the nucleus; suppression of the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex CUL4/DDB1COP1/SPA and inactivation of the PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR (PIF) family of bHLH transcription factors. These pathways integrate with other signal transduction pathways, including phytohormones, for tissue and developmental stage specific responses. Unlike other phytochromes that mediate red‐light responses, phyA is transported from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in far‐red light by the shuttle proteins FAR‐RED ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 1 (FHY1) and FHY1‐LIKE (FHL). However, additional mechanisms must exist that shift the action of phyA to far‐red light; current hypotheses are discussed.
Ischemic stroke in Kawasaki disease
Authors: Prangwatanagul Wasana , Limsuwan Alisa 
Published: January 2017

AbstractPediatric stroke is considered to be rare. Stroke resulting from cerebral vasculitis is also uncommon in young children. With the increasing prevalence of Kawasaki disease (KD) diagnosis, this acquired vasculitis has been reported with various clinical presentations including neurological symptoms. Herein we describe the case of a KD patient presenting with stroke. A 15‐month‐old boy was referred due to stroke that occurred on the fifth day of febrile illness. He was initially admitted to another hospital due to fever and diarrhea. He was discharged and re‐admitted 2 days afterward due to left hemiplegia. During the 10 days of the second hospitalization, he had a presumptive diagnosis of encephalomeningitis. Upon referral to the present hospital, he was found to have right middle cerebral artery branch stenosis and fusiform aneurysms of the coronary arteries. Retrospectively, the patient had the full clinical criteria for KD diagnosis. Therefore, stroke could be considered as one of the uncommon clinical manifestations of KD.
No‐tillage with half‐amount residue retention enhances microbial functional diversity, enzyme activity and glomalin‐related soil protein content within soil aggregates
Authors: Dai Jue , Hu Junli , Zhu Anning , Lin Xiangui 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA 3‐year field tillage and residue management experiment established in North China was used to analyse topsoil (0–15 cm) aggregation, and microbial functional diversity, enzyme activity and glomalin‐related soil protein (GRSP) content within aggregates. Compared with conventional tillage (CT), no‐tillage (NT) alone significantly (P < 0.05) increased organic C contents in 50–250 and <2 μm aggregates and decreased the proportion of C accumulated by 2–50 μm aggregates and microbial functional diversity indices in <2 μm aggregates. Regardless of tillage practice, both half‐amount (C50) and full (C100) residue retention tended to increase organic C and GRSP contents, or dehydrogenase and invertase activities, in certain aggregates. Under CT, a poorer performance of C50 than C100 was observed in maintaining Shannon index (H′) and Simpson index (D) in >250 and <2 μm aggregates, and also McIntosh index (U) in <2 μm aggregates, owing to insufficient residue and possible decreases in the distribution of decomposer micro‐organisms. Under NT, however, C50 was more effective than C100 in maintaining/elevating H′, D and U in all soil aggregates except for 50–250 μm, suggesting that surplus residue may induce worse soil conditions, decreasing heterotrophic microbial activities. Thus, NT with half‐amount residue retention improved soil physical–chemical–biological properties and could be a useful management practice in North China.