bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zika Virus–Associated Micrencephaly: A Thorough Description of Neuropathologic Findings in the Fetal Central Nervous System
Authors: Štrafela Peter , Vizjak Alenka , Mraz Jerica , Mlakar Jernej , Pižem Jože , Tul Nataša , Županc Tatjana Avšič , Popović Mara 
Published: October 2016

Context.—The 2015 outbreak of Zika virus in Brazil resulted in a 20-times increased prevalence of congenital microcephaly in stillborns and neonates and was instrumental in raising the suspicion of a causal association between Zika virus and microcephaly.
Objective.—To provide a comprehensive description of the neuropathologic features of congenital Zika virus infection.
Design.—Autopsy evaluation of the brain from a fetus of 32 weeks and 6 days of gestation, with a prenatal diagnosis of microcephaly associated with polymerase chain reaction–confirmed, fetal, Zika virus infection.
Results.—Multiple severe pathology findings were present. These included lissencephaly, except for the occipital lobes, where some pachygyria was observed. Also present was reduction and thinning of white matter, ventriculomegaly of the lateral ventricles, and coalescent calcifications in the cortical-subcortical white matter border associated with glioneuronal outbursting into the subarachnoid space above and heterotopias below. There were small, scattered calcifications in the basal ganglia, with fewer in the white matter and germinal matrix, and none in the cerebellum and brainstem. The cerebellum and pontine base were atrophic because of Wallerian degeneration or maldevelopment of descending tracts and pontocerebellar connections.
Conclusion.—Our findings are in agreement with neuroimaging of Zika virus–associated fetal and infant micrencephalic brains and, to some extent, with neuroimaging of other intrauterine infections causing microcephaly.
Microstructural analysis of an epitaxial AlN thick film/trench-patterned template by three-dimensional reciprocal lattice space mapping technique
Authors: Kamada Shohei , Takeuchi Shotaro , Khan Dinh Thanh , Miyake Hideto , Hiramatsu Kazumasa , Imai Yasuhiko , Kimura Shigeru , Sakai Akira 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) lattice plane microstructures were investigated at local regions in an epitaxial AlN thick film grown on a trench-patterned AlN/sapphire template. A 3D reciprocal lattice space mapping technique combined with cross-sectional X-ray microdiffraction using an appropriate Bragg reflection quantitatively revealed the inhomogeneity of the lattice structures in the AlN film without loss of spatial resolution. The results showed a strong correlation of the lattice plane tilt/twist and variations with respect to the void configuration, the patterning structure of the template, and the dislocation morphologies confirmed by transmission electron microscopy.
Reduction in plasma potential by applying negative DC cathode bias in RF magnetron sputtering
Authors: Isomura Masao , Yamada Toshinori , Osuga Kosuke , Shindo Haruo 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
We applied a negative DC bias voltage to the cathode of an RF magnetron sputtering system and successfully reduced the plasma potential in both argon plasma and hydrogen-diluted argon plasma. The crystallinity of the deposited Ge films is improved by increasing the negative DC bias voltage. It is indicated that the reduction in plasma potential is effective for reducing the plasma damage on deposited materials, caused by the electric potential between the plasma and substrates. In addition, the deposition rate is increased by the increased electric potential between the plasma and the cathode owing to the negative DC bias voltage. The present method successfully gives us higher speed and lower damage sputtering deposition. The increased electric potential between the plasma and the cathode suppresses the evacuation of electrons from the plasma and also enhances the generation of secondary electrons on the cathode. These probably suppress the electron loss from the plasma and result in the reduction in plasma potential.
Boundary curves of individual items in the distribution of total depressive symptom scores approximate an exponential pattern in a general population
Authors: Tomitaka Shinichiro , Kawasaki Yohei , Ide Kazuki , Akutagawa Maiko , Yamada Hiroshi , Furukawa Toshiaki A. , Ono Yutaka 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundPreviously, we proposed a model for ordinal scale scoring in which individual thresholds for each item constitute a distribution by each item. This lead us to hypothesize that the boundary curves of each depressive symptom score in the distribution of total depressive symptom scores follow a common mathematical model, which is expressed as the product of the frequency of the total depressive symptom scores and the probability of the cumulative distribution function of each item threshold. To verify this hypothesis, we investigated the boundary curves of the distribution of total depressive symptom scores in a general population.MethodsData collected from 21,040 subjects who had completed the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) questionnaire as part of a national Japanese survey were analyzed. The CES-D consists of 20 items (16 negative items and four positive items). The boundary curves of adjacent item scores in the distribution of total depressive symptom scores for the 16 negative items were analyzed using log-normal scales and curve fitting.ResultsThe boundary curves of adjacent item scores for a given symptom approximated a common linear pattern on a log normal scale. Curve fitting showed that an exponential fit had a markedly higher coefficient of determination than either linear or quadratic fits. With negative affect items, the gap between the total score curve and boundary curve continuously increased with increasing total depressive symptom scores on a log-normal scale, whereas the boundary curves of positive affect items, which are not considered manifest variables of the latent trait, did not exhibit such increases in this gap.DiscussionThe results of the present study support the hypothesis that the boundary curves of each depressive symptom score in the distribution of total depressive symptom scores commonly follow the predicted mathematical model, which was verified to approximate an exponential mathematical pattern.
Ultrasonically Promoted Synthesis of Ethyl 2-(naphthalen-2-yloxy)acetate in Solid-Liquid Heterogeneous Phase Transfer Catalysis Condition
Authors: Abimannan Pachaiyappan , Rajendran Venugopal 
Published: October 2016

In this paper, the synthesis of ethyl 2-(naphthalen-2-yloxy)acetate from β-naphthol and ethyl 2-bromoacetate under ultrasound and catalyzed by quaternary ammonium salt in solid-liquid heterogeneous condition was described. Trace amount of water play a major role in this solid-liquid reaction. The reaction follows pseudo first order rate law. The apparent rate constant of the organic phase reaction was obtained form the experimental data. The combination of small amount of tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) and ultrasound (kapp = 25.22×10-3 min-1) shows several fold enhanced rate of the reaction than the conventional operation (kapp = 6.42×10-3 min-1 for TBAB only). The rate constant increases (0.05 to 0.3 g) with increase in the concentration of catalyst (from kapp = 10.12×10-3 min-1 to kapp = 34.46×10-3 min-1). The other kinetic effects such as, effect of agitation speed, kind of frequency of ultrasound, kind of various quantity of K2CO3, quantity of water, temperature, different quaternary ammonium salts, solvents and volume of organic solvents on the conversion of ethyl 2-bromoacetate and apparent rate constant were investigated in detail and rational explanations are provided.
Preparation and in vitro investigations of triphenyl[ω‐(tetrahydro‐2H‐pyran‐2‐yloxy)alkyl]tin(IV) compounds
Authors: Edeler David , Bensing Christian , Schmidt Harry , Kaluđerović Goran N. 
Published: October 2016

The reaction of SnPh3Li with X(CH2)nO–THP (THP = tetrahydro‐2H‐pyran‐2‐yl; n = 3, 4, 6, 8, 11; X = Cl, Br) afforded organotin(IV) compounds with the general formula Ph3Sn(CH2)nO–THP (1–5). The tetraorganotin(IV) compounds were characterized using multinuclear NMR and infrared spectroscopies and high‐resolution mass spectrometry. Anticancer activity of the synthesized compounds was tested in vitro against the A2780 (ovarian), A549 (lung), HeLa (adenocarcinoma) and SW480 (colon) tumour cell lines with SRB assay. The in vitro investigations revealed that when a shorter chain was present a higher activity was achieved; however compounds 1–5 were found to be less active than cisplatin. In addition, the most active compound, 1, enters A2780 cells and causes apoptosis by triggering both intrinsic and extrinsic caspase pathways.
Outpatient administration of BEAM conditioning prior to autologous stem cell transplantation for lymphoma is safe, feasible, and cost‐effective
Authors: Reid Robin M. , Baran Andrea , Friedberg Jonathan W. , Phillips Gordon L. , Liesveld Jane L. , Becker Michael W. , Wedow Lucy , Barr Paul M. , Milner Laurie A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractHigh‐dose BEAM chemotherapy (BCNU, etoposide, Ara‐C, and melphalan) followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is frequently used as consolidative therapy for patients with recurrent or refractory Hodgkin or non‐Hodgkin lymphoma. The BEAM regimen has traditionally been administered over 6 days in the hospital, with patients remaining hospitalized until hematologic recovery and clinical stability. In an effort to reduce the length of hospitalization for these patients, our institution has transitioned from inpatient (IP) to outpatient (OP) administration of BEAM conditioning. Here, we report the results of an analysis of the feasibility, cost, complications, and outcomes for the initial group of patients who received OP BEAM compared to a prior cohort of patients who received IP BEAM. Patient and disease characteristics were comparable for the two cohorts, as were engraftment kinetics. Length of hospital stay was reduced by 6 days for the OP cohort (P < 0.001), resulting in a cost savings of more than $17,000 per patient. Fewer complications occurred in the OP cohort, including severe enteritis (P = 0.01), organ toxicities (P = 0.01), and infections (P = 0.04). Overall survival rate up to 3 years posttransplant was better for the OP cohort (P = 0.02), likely due to differences in posttransplant therapies. We conclude that OP administration of BEAM conditioning is safe and may offer significant advantages, including decreased length of hospitalization, reduced costs, decreased risks for severe toxicities and infectious complications, and likely improvement in patient satisfaction and quality of life.
Mitochondrial pathway and endoplasmic reticulum stress participate in the photosensitizing effectiveness of AE‐PDT in MG63 cells
Authors: Li Kai‐Ting , Chen Qing , Wang Da‐Wu , Duan Qin‐Qin , Tian Si , He Juan‐Wen , Ou Yun‐Sheng , Bai Ding‐Qun 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising treatment in cancer therapy, with a photosensitizer activated by visible light. Aloe‐emodin (AE) is a promising photosensitive agent. In this study, the photosensitizing effects and possible mechanisms of AE‐PDT in MG63 cells were evaluated. The efficiency of AE‐PDT was analyzed by MTT assay. The mode of cell death was investigated by Hoechst 33,342 staining and flow cytometer. The intracellular distribution of AE was detected with confocal microscopy. The formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected by DCFH‐DA. The mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was measured by Rhodamine 123. The expression of proteins including cytochrome c, caspase‐3, ‐9, and ‐12, CHOP and GRP78 was detected by western blot. Apoptosis is the primary mode of cell death in our study, which occurs in a manner of depending on AE concentration and irradiation dose. Confocal microscopy showed that AE was primarily localized on the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of MG63 cells. AE‐PDT resulted in rapid increases of intracellular ROS production, which reached a peak at 2 h, followed by declining of mitochondrial membrane potential, releasing of cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytoplasm, and up‐regulation of caspase‐3, ‐9, and ‐12, CHOP and GRP78. These results suggest that death of MG63 cells induced by AE‐PDT is triggered by ROS. Meanwhile, Mitochondria and ER serve as the subcellular targets, which are responsible for AE‐PDT‐induced death of MG63 cells.
Access to α‐Arylglycines by Umpolung Carboxylation of Aromatic Imines with Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Guo Chun‐Xiao , Zhang Wen‐Zhen , Zhou Hui , Zhang Ning , Lu Xiao‐Bing 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA straightforward and transition‐metal‐free approach for the efficient synthesis of α‐arylglycine derivatives from aromatic imines and carbon dioxide was enabled by an umpolung carboxylation reaction. Various substituted diphenylmethimines underwent the carboxylation smoothly with carbon dioxide in the presence of potassium tert‐butoxide and 18‐crown‐6 to give the corresponding carboxylated products in good to high yields. Besides the enhancement of the solubility of potassium tert‐butoxide in THF, 18‐crown‐6 also plays key roles in suppressing the reverse protonation or 1, 3‐proton shift isomerization as well as by stabilizing the carboxylated intermediate.
Pica in Rats as a Preclinical Model of Emesis
Authors: Davis T. Gregg 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe ability to assess the potential for gastrointestinal adverse events in a preclinical setting is a challenge in the development of new drugs, as the vast majority of in vivo research is conducted in rodent species lacking a vomiting reflex. The use of higher species capable of emesis is often limited by cost, technical experience, and relevant efficacy models to define a therapeutic index. Additionally, investigators should be mindful of ethical considerations when using more sentient species when an alternative in lower species is available. This unit describes the use of pica behavior in rodents as an alternative for evaluating emetic potential in vivo. After an acclimation period, the incidence of rats engaging in pica following the administration of a test article can be used to generate a dose‐response curve of the pica behavior. When linked with an appropriate efficacy model, this allows compounds to be ranked based on therapeutic index. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Attitudes Toward Professional Psychological Help Seeking in South Asian Students: Role of Stigma and Gender
Authors: Arora Prerna G. , Metz Kristina , Carlson Cindy I. 
Published: October 2016

This study examined (a) the roles of perceived and personal stigma on attitudes toward professional psychological help seeking and (b) the effects of these constructs across gender in South Asians. Personal stigma and being male was negatively associated with attitudes toward professional psychological help seeking; no difference in the association between personal and perceived stigma and attitudes across genders was found. These findings have implications for the engagement of South Asians in mental health services in the United States.Este estudio examinó (a) los roles de estigmas percibidos y personales en las actitudes hacia la búsqueda de ayuda psicológica profesional y (b) los efectos de estos constructos en indiviuos sudasiáticos según su sexo. El estigma personal y la identidad masculina se asociaron negativamente con las actitudes hacia la búsqueda de ayuda psicológica profesional; no se halló diferencia en la asociación entre estigmas personales y percibidos y las actitudes de los distintos sexos. Estos hallazgos tienen implicaciones para la participación de los individuos sudasiáticos en los servicios de salud mental en Estados Unidos.
Cerebral blood flow laterality derived from arterial spin labeling as a biomarker for assessing the disease severity of parkinson's disease
Authors: Yamashita Koji , Hiwatashi Akio , Togao Osamu , Kikuchi Kazufumi , Yamaguchi Hiroo , Suzuki Yuriko , Kamei Ryotaro , Yamasaki Ryo , Kira Jun‐ichi , Honda Hiroshi 
Published: October 2016

PurposeTo evaluate cerebral blood flow (CBF) laterality derived from arterial spin labeling (ASL) in early‐stage Parkinson's disease (PD) patients compared with those with advanced stages.Materials and MethodsThirty‐eight patients with PD (21 patients in early stages, 17 patients in advanced stages) were retrospectively studied. The CBF maps derived from 3T ASL data were co‐registered to the corresponding 3DT1WI using SPM 12 software. Caudate nucleus (CN), putamen (PT), globus pallidus (GP), and thalamus (TH) were manually traced on the representative axial slices of 3DT1WI. CBF of the CN, PT, GP, and TH was measured using corresponding pixels on the co‐registered CBF maps. A laterality index (LI) was calculated as the ratio of the contralateral CBF to primary affected side CBF. Each LI was compared between early and advanced stages of PD using the Mann‐Whitney U‐test. The LIs were also compared between each stage of PD.ResultsIn the CN, the LIs were significantly higher in early stages (mean LI ± SD, 95% confidence interval = 1.06 ± 0.14, 1.00–1.13) than in advanced stages (0.94 ± 0.14, 0.87–1.01; P < 0.05). We also observed a tendency toward decreased LIs with disease severity (1.10 ± 0.14, 0.99–1.21 for Hoehn and Yahr stage I; 1.04 ± 0.14, 0.92–1.12 for stage II; 0.96 ± 0.11, 0.89–1.10 for stage III; 0.93 ± 0.17, 0.81–1.05 for stage IV).ConclusionThe evaluation of CBF laterality pattern in the CN using ASL may be useful for assessing the disease severity of PD patients.Level of Evidence: 3J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2017;45:1821–1826
Are there reliable DFT approaches for 13C NMR chemical shift predictions of fullerene C60 derivatives?
Authors: Tulyabaev Arthur R. , Kiryanov Ilya I. , Samigullin Ilnaz S. , Khalilov Leonard M. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe relationships between experimental and theoretical 13C NMR chemical shifts of a pristine fullerene C60, monoadducts from [2 + n] cycloaddition (n = 1–3), and one [2 + 1] bis‐adduct are systematically analyzed for the first time by using diverse quantum‐chemical levels of theory. These levels involved B3LYP, B3PW91, B97‐2, mPW1PW91, PBE1PBE, and X3LYP hybrid functionals combined with 3‐21G, 6‐31G, 6‐31G(d), 6‐31G(d,p), 6‐31G(d,2p), LanL2DZ, and SDDAll basis sets. X3LYP/6‐31G approach is determined to have the lowest deviations from the 13C NMR experimental data compared to the other methods for all the fullerene compounds (mean absolute error value is 0.856 ppm and root mean squared error value is 1.197 ppm). The highest deviations are characteristic for α (sp2 C2/C5/C8/C10) and β (sp2 C6/C7/C11/C12) carbon atoms relative to a functionalization site and for those (sp3 C1/C9) directly attached with a side fragment in the [2 + n] monoadducts (n = 1–3). A probable reason of such deviation is that the approaches do not take into account a contribution of paramagnetic ring currents to 13C NMR chemical shifts. The results will be useful in design of novel fullerene derivatives and in performing unambiguous 13C NMR chemical shift assignments with modern quantum chemistry calculations.
Expert Panel Weighting and Aggregation of the Sustainable Society Index (SSI) 2010 – a Decision Analysis Approach
Authors: Seppälä Jyri , Leskinen Pekka , Myllyviita Tanja 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA sustainable society index (SSI) has been designed to measure the sustainability of different countries in terms of economic, environmental and human well‐being dimensions. These areas were subdivided into eight categories and 24 indicators. The paper shows that the SSI could be considered as a decision‐making problem with multiple objectives. We propose a decision‐analysis approach for estimation of the weights of indicators, categories and dimensions of well‐being, with the target being a construction of overall scores for countries. A questionnaire was sent to experts from several countries, and the weights were estimated from their individual answers. The SSI 2010 results for different countries were recalculated through utilization of the estimated weights. There were some differences in the rankings compared with the earlier results with equal weights. Potential biases of the SSI approach used are critically evaluated, and opportunities to develop the SSI described. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Sanierung von Brückenfahrbahnen und Gehwegen mit Stahl‐Kunststoff‐Verbundbauteilen
Authors: Stihl Thomas , Geßler Achim , Feldmann Markus , Kennedy Stephen J. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn 2005 wurde auf Veranlassung des Bundesverkehrsministeriums das Sandwich Plate System (SPS) für den Einsatz an Fahrbahnen im Brückenbau in Deutschland an einem Pilotprojekt qualifiziert. Fünf Jahre vorher wurde diese 1998 patentierte Technologie durch Kontakte zwischen der RWTH Aachen und der Carleton University in Ottawa, Kanada, in Deutschland bekannt und wissenschaftlich untersucht. Für das Pilotprojekt wurde die Verstärkung der orthotropen Fahrbahnplatte einer Autobahnbrücke der A57 bei Krefeld ausgewählt. Die aus den 1960er Jahren stammende stählerne Fahrbahnplatte des Überbaus erhielt eine Fahrbahnverstärkung aus SPS‐Overlay. Mit dieser Aktion des Bundesverkehrsministeriums wurde der Start für die baupraktischen Einsätze dieser neuen, innovativen Tragstruktur gelegt. Nun, mehr als zehn Jahre nach dem Pilotprojekt, werden in diesem Bericht die mittlerweile erfolgten Entwicklungen dargestellt und aktuelle Anwendungen der 22 Jahre alten Grundidee aufgezeigt.Reconstruction of bridge decks and walkways by using Steel‐Elastomer‐Compound Components.On the initiative of the German Federal Ministry of Transport in 2005, the Sandwich Plate System has been qualified for the use on roadways in bridge construction in Germany on a pilot project. Two years before this 1998 patented technology was known in Germany by contacts between the RWTH Aachen and the Carleton University in Ottawa, Canada, and in the following scientifically examined. For the pilot project, the strengthening of an orthotropic carriageway of a motorway bridge of the A57 near Krefeld was selected. As a native of the 1960s, the steel slab of the bridge superstructure got roadway reinforcement by SPS Overlay. With this action by the Federal Ministry of Transport, the start of the practical building operations of this innovative new support structure was done. Now, more than ten years after the pilot project, present developments and current applications of the 22‐year‐old basic idea are highlighted in the report.