bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Practitioner Review: Treatment of chronic insomnia in children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disabilities
Authors: Bruni Oliviero , Angriman Marco , Calisti Fabrizio , Comandini Alessandro , Esposito Giovanna , Cortese Samuele , Ferri Raffaele 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundSleep disturbances, in particular insomnia, represent a common problem in children with neurodevelopmental disabilities (NDDs). Currently, there are no approved medications for insomnia in children by the US Food and Drug Administration or European Medicines Agency and therefore they are prescribed off‐label. We critically reviewed pediatric literature on drugs as well as nonpharmacological (behavioral) interventions used for sleep disturbances in children with NDDs.MethodsPubMed, Ovid (including PsycINFO, Ovid MEDLINE®, and Embase), and Web of Knowledge databases were searched through February 12, 2017, with no language restrictions. Two authors independently and blindly performed the screening.ResultsGood sleep practices and behavioral interventions, supported by moderate‐to‐low level evidence, are the first recommended treatments for pediatric insomnia but they are often challenging to implement. Antihistamine agents, such as hydroxyzine or diphenhydramine, are the most widely prescribed sedatives in the pediatric practice but evidence supporting their use is still limited. An increasing body of evidence supports melatonin as the safest choice for children with NDDs. Benzodiazepines are not recommended in children and should only be used for transient insomnia, especially if daytime anxiety is present. Only few studies have been carried out in children's and adolescents’ zolpidem, zaleplon, and eszopiclone, with contrasting results. Limited evidence supports the use of alpha‐agonists such as clonidine to improve sleep onset latency, especially in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder subjects. Tricyclic antidepressants, used in adults with insomnia, are not recommended in children because of their safety profile. Trazodone and mirtazapine hold promise but require further studies.ConclusionsHere, we provided a tentative guide for the use of drugs for insomnia in children with NDDs. Well‐controlled studies employing both objective polysomnography and subjective sleep measures are needed to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, and safety of the currently prescribed pediatric sleep medicines in children with NDDs.
Production‐level risk factors for syncytial hepatitis in farmed tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L)
Authors: Kabuusu R M , Aire A T , Stroup D F , Macpherson C N L , Ferguson H W 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSyncytial hepatitis (SHT) is an emerging viral disease of tilapia characterized by significant morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to establish the production‐level risk factors associated with presence and severity of SHT. Production factors were analysed during multiple outbreaks of SHT that occurred between 2011 and 2013 on a single tilapia farm in Ecuador and compared with the year 2010 before the SHT outbreaks. Relative risks, t tests, modified Poisson and forward stepwise linear regression analyses were performed using EPIINFO™. Compared to other strains, Chitralada had an elevated risk of SHT [RR = 2.1 (95%CI 1.8–2.4)]. Excessive mortality associated with the presence (and severity) of SHT increased by 611 (365), 6,814 (5,768) and 388 (340) deaths per 100,000 fry when stocking density, dissolved oxygen and pond production cycles were raised by 1 fish/m2, 1 mg/L and 1 cycle, respectively. Excessive mortality associated with the presence (and severity) of SHT decreased by 337 (258) and 1,354 (1,025) deaths per 100,000 when stocking weight and water temperature increased by 1 g and 1°C, respectively. Time (season and stocking year) was not significantly associated with SHT. This study shows that some production factors increase the risk incidence and severity of SHTon a farm.
Response of Caligus rogercresseyi (Boxshall & Bravo, 2000) to treatment with Hydrogen Peroxide: Recovery of parasites, fish infestation and egg viability under experimental conditions
Authors: Marín S L , González M P , Madariaga S T , Mancilla M , Mancilla J 
Published: September 2017

AbstractHydrogen peroxide (HP) is used to remove C. rogercresseyi from fish but little is known about its effect on this species. This study determined EC50 and concentration immobilizing 100% of specimens, capacity of parasites exposed to HP to recover and infest fish, and effect on survival into the copepodid stage. EC50 and concentration immobilizing 100% of specimens were estimated by exposing parasites for 20 min to 11 concentrations and evaluating effect at 1 and 24 h post‐exposure. Capacity to recover and infest fish, and survival into copepodid were evaluated by exposing parasites and eggs to HP for 20 min. Recovery and fish infestation were evaluated at 25 and 24 h post‐exposure, respectively. Eggs were grown until control reached the copepodid stage and survival calculated. EC50 was 709.8 ppm.100% immobilization was obtained at 825 ppm. Male and female recover 0.5 and 1 h post‐exposure, respectively. Percentage of parasites exposed and not exposed to HP that were recovered on fish was not significantly different. Survival to copepodid was lower in those exposed to HP. HP effect is greater on copepodids, but 100% of the mobile stages are immobilized under 825 ppm causing detachment from fish and potentially driven away, reducing infestation risk.
Antibiotic susceptibility and molecular characterization of Aeromonas hydrophila from grass carp
Authors: Yang Ying , Miao Pengfei , Li Hua , Tan Shuwen , Yu Haiyi , Yu Hui 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAeromonas hydrophila is the leading cause of fish borne outbreaks and also represents a major threat to human health worldwide. This bacterium harbors many virulence factors such as aerolysin, elastase, and lipase genes. The extensive use of antibiotics is a contributing factor to the increasing incidence of antimicrobial‐resistant A. hydrophila. In the current study, we aimed to determine the incidence and features of A. hydrophila in grass carp in south China. We found 63 (31.5%) A. hydrophila isolates through investigation of 200 samples from five provinces in south China. All isolates were analyzed for virulence genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), antibiotic susceptibility analysis was carried out using the disk diffusion method, and molecular typing was performed using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence PCR (ERIC‐PCR). The results showed that the positive for aerolysin, elastase, hemolysin, and lipase gene were 71.43, 46.03, 0.00, and 55.56%, respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility results indicated that most strains were resistant to ampicillin (95.24%), tetracycline (88.89%), and streptomycin (79.37%). A lot of multiple antibiotic resistance were found. The isolates were grouped into five clusters by ERIC‐PCR and shown the genetic diversity. Thus, our findings demonstrated the presence of A. hydrophila from grass carp, provided insights into the dissemination of antibiotic‐resistant strains, and improved our knowledge of microbiological risk assessment in this bacteria.Practical applicationsInvestigating the prevalence of Aeromonas hydrophilia isolates from grass carp could improved for assuring this microbial safety on food. In this study, antibiotic susceptibility, virulence genes, and molecular subtyping were selected to comprehensive analyze A. hydrophilia isolates. As grass carp are common and popular fish choices in China, therefore the continuous monitoring of this pathogens are vital to ensure the safety.
Clinical profile of hepatitis C virus infection in a developing country: India
Authors: Mahajan Ramit , Midha Vandana , Goyal Omesh , Mehta Varun , Narang Vikram , Kaur Kirandeep , Singh Arshdeep , Singh Dharmatma , Bhanot Rishu , Sood Ajit 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackground and AimThe epidemiology and clinical profile of hepatitis C virus (HCV) varies worldwide, and data from developing countries are sparse. The aim of the present study was to assess the clinical profile of HCV infection in a developing country in South‐East Asia (India).MethodsThis observational study assessed patient demographics, viral characteristics, risk factors for virus acquisition, and disease characteristics in HCV patients diagnosed between January 2004 and December 2015.ResultsOf 8035 patients who were diagnosed with HCV infection, a majority were men (68.3%), middle aged (52.2%), and from low (34%) to middle (46%) socioeconomic status and rural population (69.8%). Eighty‐two percent had identifiable risk factors, the most common being history of dental treatment (52%) and therapeutic injections with reusable syringes/needles (45%). Household contacts of index patients had high prevalence of HCV (15.3%). Common genotypes were genotype 3 (70.4%) and genotype 1 (19.3%). Although a majority of patients were either asymptomatic (54.8%) or had non‐specific symptoms (6.7%) at presentation, a significant proportion (9.3%) had advanced liver disease. Presentation with cirrhosis (38.8%) was associated with male gender, higher age at time of virus detection, rural residence, alcohol or opium intake, and coinfections with hepatitis B virus or human immunodeficiency virus.ConclusionsHepatitis C virus infection in northern India is seen more commonly in men, the middle aged and people from rural background and low to middle socioeconomic status. The common possible risk factors are dental treatment and exposure to reused syringes and needles. Although the most common presentation is incidental detection, a large number of patients present with advanced liver disease.
Indicators in Social Life Cycle Assessment: A Review of Frameworks, Theories, and Empirical Experience
Authors: Kühnen Michael , Hahn Rüdiger 
Published: September 2017

SummaryIndustrial ecology (IE) and life cycle sustainability assessment (LCSA) are increasingly important in research, regulation, and corporate practice. However, the assessment of the social pillar is still at a developmental stage, because social life cycle assessment (SLCA) is fragmented and lacks a foundation on empirical experience. A critical reason is the absence of general standardized indicators that clearly reflect and measure businesses’ social impact along product life cycles and supply chains. Therefore, we systematically review trends, coherences, inconsistencies, and gaps in research on SLCA indicators across industry sectors. Overall, we find that researchers address a broad variety of sectors, but only few sectors receive sufficient empirical attention to draw reasonable conclusions while the field is additionally still largely an a‐theoretical one. Furthermore, researchers overlook important social core issues as they concentrate heavily on worker‐ and health‐related indicators. Therefore, we synthetize the most important indicators used in research as a step toward standardization (including critical challenges in applying these indicators and recommendations for their future development), highlight important trends and gaps (e.g., the focus on worker‐ and health‐related indicators and the a‐theoretical nature of the SLCA literature), and emphasize critical shortcomings in the SLCA field organized along the key phases of design, implementation, and evolution through which performance measurement approaches such as SLCA typically progress in their development and maturation. With this, we contribute to the maturation and establishment of the social pillar of LCSA and IE.
DJ‐1 deficiency impairs autophagy and reduces alpha‐synuclein phagocytosis by microglia
Authors: Nash Yuval , Schmukler Eran , Trudler Dorit , Pinkas‐Kramarski Ronit , Frenkel Dan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, of which 1% of the hereditary cases are linked to mutations in DJ‐1, an oxidative stress sensor. The pathological hallmark of PD is intercellular inclusions termed Lewy Bodies, composed mainly of α‐Synuclein (α‐Syn) protein. Recent findings have shown that α‐Syn can be transmitted from cell to cell, suggesting an important role of microglia, as the main scavenger cells of the brain, in clearing α‐Syn. We previously reported that the knock down (KD) of DJ‐1 in microglia increased cells’ neurotoxicity to dopaminergic neurons. Here, we discovered that α‐Syn significantly induced elevated secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines IL‐6 and IL‐1β and a significant dose‐dependent elevation in the production of nitric oxide in DJ‐1 KD microglia, compared to control microglia. We further investigated the ability of DJ‐1 KD microglia to uptake and degrade soluble α‐Syn, and discovered that DJ‐1 KD reduces cell‐surface lipid raft expression in microglia and impairs their ability to uptake soluble α‐Syn. Autophagy is an important mechanism for degradation of intracellular proteins and organelles. We discovered that DJ‐1 KD microglia exhibit an impaired autophagy‐dependent degradation of p62 and LC3 proteins, and that manipulation of autophagy had less effect on α‐Syn uptake and clearance in DJ‐1 KD microglia, compared to control microglia. Further studies of the link between DJ‐1, α‐Syn uptake and autophagy may provide useful insights into the role of microglia in the etiology of the PD.
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Molecular basis of oral squamous cell carcinoma in young patients: Is it any different from older patients?
Authors: dos Santos Costa Sara Ferreira , Brennan Peter A. , Gomez Ricardo Santiago , Fregnani Eduardo Rodrigues , Santos‐Silva Alan Roger , Martins Manoela Domingues , de Castro‐Junior Gilberto , Rahimi Siavash , Fonseca Felipe Paiva 
Published: September 2017

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the commonest subtype of oral cancer, mainly affecting older patients. It used to be a rare disease among individuals younger than 40 years, but recently increased incidences in this age group are being reported worldwide. The pathogenesis of OSCC affecting young patients remains controversial, and the well‐known etiological factors for oral cancer, tobacco, and alcohol use are believed to play a minor role in the carcinogenesis of the neoplasm, suggesting that the etiology and the molecular basis of OSCC may differ between younger and older patients. Although several molecular markers and chromosomal abnormalities have been demonstrated to differ between both groups, most of the studies have failed to find significant differences. Moreover, divergent results have also been obtained regarding the presence of high‐risk human papillomavirus infection in OSCC of young patients. Given these contradictory results and the limited methodological approaches of the majority of the studies, the exact difference between both age groups remains to be fully established. In this review, we evaluate the available data to establish the current evidence that might support the hypothesis that the molecular basis of OSCC in young patients (especially those under 40 years) differ from the older patients.
Turning the Sword: How NPD Teams Cope with Front‐End Tensions
Authors: Andriopoulos Constantine , Gotsi Manto , Lewis Marianne W. , Ingram Amy E. 
Published: September 2017

Front‐end new product development (NPD) is fraught with tensions that fuel and inhibit innovation. According to paradox theory, tensions pose a double‐edged sword, sparking learning and creativity or anxiety and counterproductive responses. NPD teams' shared understandings—how they think about (cognition) and approach (motivation) tensions—turn the sword. Existing literature examines innovation tensions and their management. Yet scholars call for deeper dives, seeking research that unpacks cognitive and motivational drivers underlying how NPD teams cope with tensions. This paper responds, presenting a four‐year inductive study of five NPD consultancies. Across cases, findings explicate the roles of paradoxical cognitive frames and regulatory motivational focus. Across firms, the front‐end NPD teams framed tensions paradoxically. Three frames—guided freefall, benevolent dictatorship, and cohesive diversity—helped teams develop shared understandings of tensions as paradoxical, posing competing yet interdependent demands. Teams varied, however, in their regulatory focus, influencing how they applied the frames to approach tensions. In the most innovative case, teams applied a promotion focus, energized to explore tensions in search of more creative alternatives and synergies. In less innovative cases, teams applied a prevention focus, motivated to avoid risk and loss. Together, paradoxical frames and regulatory focus shaped teams' coping behaviors and resulting innovation. Resulting theory posits the interplay among cognitive, motivational, and behavioral drivers of innovation. Results offer three contributions. First, this study extends understanding of antecedents to team innovation and front‐end NPD. Second, findings deepen insights into team cognition and paradoxical frames. Last, the theoretical framework explicates how cognitive‐motivational interactions enable coping behaviors that foster innovation. The conclusion poses managerial and research implications. Building from paradox theory this study suggests means to foster shared paradoxical frames and promotion focus in NPD teams. Further, study limitations highlight opportunities to extend its generalizability and elaborate underlying drivers of innovation.Practitioner Points

Paradoxical frames and a promotion focus help teams at the front end of NPD cope with tensions and fuel virtuous cycles of innovation.
Training front‐end NPD leaders and team members in paradoxical thinking will help them frame competing demands as synergistic and tap into the energizing potential of tensions.
Positive messaging about NPD tensions that emphasizes gain, risk, and movement over cautiousness and vigilance, aids adoption of a promotion focus—motivation that helps further mobilize front‐end innovation.
Safety of Back‐Transfer to Local Hospitals During an Acute Care Hospitalization
Authors: Nelson Leah F. , Harland Karisa K. , Shane Dan M. , Ahmed Azeemuddin , Mohr Nicholas M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPurposeThis paper investigates patient outcomes including length of stay (LOS), cost of hospitalization, bounce‐back rates, transition to hospice care, and mortality, following back‐transfer.MethodsThis study was an observational case‐control study of adults hospitalized in Iowa between 2005 and 2013 to identify back‐transferred patients. Back‐transfer was defined as the transfer of rural patients near the end of their acute hospitalization in a comprehensive medical center back to a local community hospital for the completion of their medical care. Demographic, geographic, rurality, procedural, and disease information was compared between case and control groups, then propensity score (PS) matching was performed to create comparable groups to perform analyses.FindingsOver the 9‐year period, 1,056,773 patients meeting inclusion criteria were admitted, of which 430 (0.04%) were back‐transferred. After PS matching, LOS was 60% (95% CI: 0.50‐0.71) higher and costs were 42% (95% CI: 0.33‐0.50) higher in the back‐transferred group. Back‐transferred cases had 8.34 (95% CI: 3.66‐19.0) times the odds of hospice transition and 2.17 (95% CI: 1.37‐3.46) the odds of mortality compared to controls. Four percent of back‐transfers “failed” with the patient being returned to the larger hospital before discharge.ConclusionsBack‐transfer is a rare occurrence, and it is associated with longer LOS, higher hospitalization cost, higher mortality, more hospice transfers, and occasional bounce‐backs to comprehensive medical centers. Future work should focus more on prospective indications for transfer, the role of end‐of‐life care, financial impact, and identifying patient populations for whom back‐transfer is safest.
Cholinergic basal forebrain structures are not essential for mediation of the arousing action of glutamate
Authors: Lelkes Zoltán , Abdurakhmanova Shamsiiat , Porkka‐Heiskanen Tarja 
Published: September 2017

SummaryThe cholinergic basal forebrain contributes to cortical activation and receives rich innervations from the ascending activating system. It is involved in the mediation of the arousing actions of noradrenaline and histamine. Glutamatergic stimulation in the basal forebrain results in cortical acetylcholine release and suppression of sleep. However, it is not known to what extent the cholinergic versus non‐cholinergic basal forebrain projection neurones contribute to the arousing action of glutamate. To clarify this question, we administered N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA), a glutamate agonist, into the basal forebrain in intact rats and after destruction of the cholinergic cells in the basal forebrain with 192 immunoglobulin (Ig)G‐saporin. In eight Han–Wistar rats with implanted electroencephalogram/electromyogram (EEG/EMG) electrodes and guide cannulas for microdialysis probes, 0.23 μg 192 IgG‐saporin was administered into the basal forebrain, while the eight control animals received artificial cerebrospinal fluid. Two weeks later, a microdialysis probe targeted into the basal forebrain was perfused with cerebrospinal fluid on the baseline day and for 3 h with 0.3 mmNMDA on the subsequent day. Sleep–wake activity was recorded for 24 h on both days. NMDA exhibited a robust arousing effect in both the intact and the lesioned rats. Wakefulness was increased and both non‐REM and REM sleep were decreased significantly during the 3‐h NMDA perfusion. Destruction of the basal forebrain cholinergic neurones did not abolish the wake‐enhancing action of NMDA. Thus, the cholinergic basal forebrain structures are not essential for the mediation of the arousing action of glutamate.
Gaining insights into in situ behaviour of an endangered seahorse using action cameras
Authors: Claassens L. , Hodgson A. N. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObservation bias is an Achilles heel of behavioural research, particularly during underwater in situ assessments. The advent of small, affordable underwater action cameras has helped to overcome this problem and were used to investigate the behaviour of the endangered Knysna seahorse (Hippocampus capensis) within a South African residential marina estate during the austral summer. Four GoPro® cameras were deployed over three time periods, October to December 2015, December 2015 to January 2016 and January to March 2016, and at different times of the day (morning, midday, afternoon) to ascertain whether: (1) cameras can be used to investigate seahorse behaviour, (2) seahorse behaviour changes throughout the day, (3) behaviour can be used to assess the impact of an external stressor (boat noise) on H. capensis. Thirty‐six hours from a total of 161 h (23%) recorded contained seahorse footage. Seahorses were significantly more visible during the morning and spent >80% of their time hunting. Courting behaviour took place exclusively during the morning and aggression was noted between males only. Boat noise increased during the December holiday period and a significant decrease in seahorse visibility, time spent feeding, and courting events were noted during this time. This suggests that noise has an adverse impact on the behaviour of H. capensis. This study confirms the efficacy of using small action cameras in seahorse behavioural research.