bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frontier Investor
Authors: Dimitrijević Marko , Mistele Timothy 
Published: September 2017

Where are the next decade's greatest investment opportunities? Veteran investor Marko Dimitrijevic argues that they can be found in frontier markets, which account for seventy-one of the world's seventy-five fastest-growing economies and 19 percent of the world's GDP. Yet many investors ignore them. Fueled by new access to technology and information, frontier markets are emerging even faster than their predecessors, making them an essential component of a globally diversified portfolio. In Frontier Investor, Dimitrijevic shows through colorful case studies, compelling charts, and fascinating travel anecdotes that it is not only possible but prudent to invest in these unfamiliar and undervalued options. Dimitrijevic explains how frontier markets such as Nigeria, Panama, and Bangladesh are poised to follow the similar paths of Chinese, Indian, and Russian markets, which were considered exotic two decades ago. He details a strategy for how and where to invest, directly or indirectly, to profit from frontier growth. Dimitrijevic covers the risks, political and otherwise, of these markets, the megatrends that promise exciting investment opportunities in the coming years, and the prospects for countries beyond the frontier, including Myanmar, Cuba, and even Iran. Rich with experience and insight, Frontier Investor opens up a whole new world—and worldview—to investors.
Love Letters from Golok
Authors: Gayley Holly 
Published: September 2017

Love Letters from Golok chronicles the courtship between two Buddhist tantric masters, Tare Lhamo (1938–2002) and Namtrul Rinpoche (1944–2011), and their passion for reinvigorating Buddhism in eastern Tibet during the post-Mao era. In fifty-six letters exchanged from 1978 to 1980, Tare Lhamo and Namtrul Rinpoche envisioned a shared destiny to "heal the damage" done to Buddhism during the years leading up to and including the Cultural Revolution. Holly Gayley retrieves the personal and prophetic dimensions of their courtship and its consummation in a twenty-year religious career that informs issues of gender and agency in Buddhism, cultural preservation among Tibetan communities, and alternative histories for minorities in China. The correspondence between Tare Lhamo and Namtrul Rinpoche is the first collection of "love letters" to come to light in Tibetan literature. Blending tantric imagery with poetic and folk song styles, their letters have a fresh vernacular tone comparable to the love songs of the Sixth Dalai Lama, but with an eastern Tibetan flavor. Gayley reads these letters against hagiographic writings about the couple, supplemented by field research, to illuminate representational strategies that serve to narrate cultural trauma in a redemptive key, quite unlike Chinese scar literature or the testimonials of exile Tibetans. With special attention to Tare Lhamo's role as a tantric heroine and her hagiographic fusion with Namtrul Rinpoche, Gayley vividly shows how Buddhist masters have adapted Tibetan literary genres to share private intimacies and address contemporary social concerns.
Rebel Genius
Authors: Abraham Tara 
Published: September 2017

The life and work of a scientist who spent his career crossing disciplinary boundaries—from experimental neurology to psychiatry to cybernetics to engineering.
Warren S. McCulloch (1898–1969) adopted many identities in his scientific life—among them philosopher, poet, neurologist, neurophysiologist, neuropsychiatrist, collaborator, theorist, cybernetician, mentor, engineer. He was, writes Tara Abraham in this account of McCulloch's life and work, “an intellectual showman,” and performed this part throughout his career. While McCulloch claimed a common thread in his work was the problem of mind and its relationship to the brain, there was much more to him than that. In Rebel Genius, Abraham uses McCulloch's life as a window on a past scientific age, showing the complex transformations that took place in American brain and mind science in the twentieth century—particularly those surrounding the cybernetics movement.
Abraham describes McCulloch's early work in neuropsychiatry, and his emerging identity as a neurophysiologist. She explores his transformative years at the Illinois Neuropsychiatric Institute and his work with Walter Pitts—often seen as the first iteration of “artificial intelligence” but here described as stemming from the new tradition of mathematical treatments of biological problems. Abraham argues that McCulloch's dual identities as neuropsychiatrist and cybernetician are inseparable. He used the authority he gained in traditional disciplinary roles as a basis for posing big questions about the brain and mind as a cybernetician. When McCulloch moved to the Research Laboratory of Electronics at MIT, new practices for studying the brain, grounded in mathematics, philosophy, and theoretical modeling, expanded the relevance and ramifications of his work. McCulloch's transdisciplinary legacies anticipated today's multidisciplinary field of cognitive science.
Geophysics From Terrestrial Time‐Variable Gravity Measurements
Authors: Van Camp Michel , de Viron Olivier , Watlet Arnaud , Meurers Bruno , Francis Olivier , Caudron Corentin 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn a context of global change and increasing anthropic pressure on the environment, monitoring the Earth system and its evolution has become one of the key missions of geosciences. Geodesy is the geoscience that measures the geometric shape of the Earth, its orientation in space, and gravity field. Time‐variable gravity, because of its high accuracy, can be used to build an enhanced picture and understanding of the changing Earth. Ground‐based gravimetry can determine the change in gravity related to the Earth rotation fluctuation, to celestial body and Earth attractions, to the mass in the direct vicinity of the instruments, and to vertical displacement of the instrument itself on the ground. In this paper, we review the geophysical questions that can be addressed by ground gravimeters used to monitor time‐variable gravity. This is done in relation to the instrumental characteristics, noise sources, and good practices. We also discuss the next challenges to be met by ground gravimetry, the place that terrestrial gravimetry should hold in the Earth observation system, and perspectives and recommendations about the future of ground gravity instrumentation.
Temperature Distribution and Influence Mechanism on Large Reflector Antennas under Solar Radiation
Authors: Wang C. S. , Yuan S. , Liu X. , Xu Q. , Wang M. , Zhu M. B. , Chen G. D. , Duan Y. H. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe solar impact on antenna must be lessened for the large reflector antenna operating at high frequencies to have great electromagnetic performances. Therefore, researching the temperature distribution and its influence on large reflector antenna is necessary. The variation of solar incidence angle is first calculated. Then the model is simulated by the I‐DEAS software, with the temperature, thermal stress, and thermal distortion distribution through the day obtained. In view of the important influence of shadow on antenna structure, a newly proposed method makes a comprehensive description of the temperature distribution on the reflector and its influence through the day by dividing a day into three different periods. The sound discussions and beneficial summary serve as the scientific foundation for the engineers to compensate the thermal distortion and optimize the antenna structure.
Copper‐Catalyzed Radical Silylarylation of Ynones with Silanes: En Route to Silyl‐Functionalized Indenones
Authors: Yan Zhongfei , Xie Jin , Zhu Chengjian 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA copper‐catalyzed radical silylarylation of ynones with commercially available silanes using DCP (dicumyl peroxide) as an efficient oxidant has been developed. This approach represents an efficient route to silyl‐functionalized indenone derivatives in moderate to good yield. The resulting silyl‐functionalized structures hold potential for further post‐modification to construct complex target molecules. This protocol is distinguished by its excellent selectivity, gram scale‐up ability and broad scope as well as readily available starting materials.magnified image
Maintenance of Distal Intestinal Structure in the Face of Prolonged Fasting: A Comparative Examination of Species From Five Vertebrate Classes
Authors: McCue Marshall D. , Passement Celeste A. , Meyerholz David K. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTIt was recently shown that fasting alters the composition of microbial communities residing in the distal intestinal tract of animals representing five classes of vertebrates [i.e., fishes (tilapia), amphibians (toads), reptiles (leopard geckos), birds (quail), and mammals (mice)]. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the extent of tissue reorganization in the fasted distal intestine was correlated with the observed changes in enteric microbial diversity. Segments of intestine adjacent to those used for the microbiota study were examined histologically to quantify cross‐sectional and mucosal surface areas and thicknesses of mucosa, submucosa, and tunica muscularis. We found no fasting‐induced differences in the morphology of distal intestines of the mice (3 days), quail (7 days), or geckos (28 days). The toads, which exhibited a general increase in phylogenetic diversity of their enteric microbiota with fasting, also exhibited reduced mucosal circumference at 14 and 21 days of fasting. Tilapia showed increased phylogenetic diversity of their enteric microbiota, and showed a thickened tunica muscularis at 21 days of fasting; but this morphological change was not related to microbial diversity or absorptive surface area, and thus, is unlikely to functionally match the changes in their microbiome. Given that fasting caused significant increases and reductions in the enteric microbial diversity of mice and quail, respectively, but no detectable changes in distal intestine morphology, we conclude that reorganization is not the primary factor shaping changes in microbial diversity within the fasted colon, and the observed modest structural changes are more related to the fasted state. Anat Rec, 300:2208–2219, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A rapid and simple HPTLC assay for therapeutic drug monitoring of capecitabine in colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Thorat Sonali G. , Chikhale Rupesh V. , Tajne Madhukar R. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractCapecitabine is a prodrug of 5‐flurouracil, employed as a broad spectrum chemotherapeutic agent. It is also used as monotherapy or a combination chemotherapy agent for the treatment of colorectal cancer. Capecitabine is administered in combination with oxaliplatin and hence it is essential to determine that co‐administration does not affect its metabolism. To determine the plasma concentration of capecitabine a simple HPTLC method was developed and validated. Blood samples from 12 patients with colorectal cancer were collected and analyzed by the HPTLC method with a reference internal standard. Out of these 12 patients, six were treated with capecitabine monotherapy and another six were treated with capecitabine + oxaliplatin combination therapy. The results of analysis indicated that there was no significant drug–drug interaction and the co‐administration of oxaliplatin did not affect the metabolism of capecitabine. This method is sensitive, robust and specific and allows analysis of multiple samples simultaneously, making it suitable for therapeutic drug monitoring of capecitabine.
Comparative outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve replacement in African American and Caucasian patients with severe aortic stenosis
Authors: Alqahtani Fahad , Aljohani Sami , Almustafa Ahmad , Alhijji Mohammed , Ali Oluseun , Holmes David R. , Alkhouli Mohamad 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundRacial disparities in cardiovascular care have been extensively investigated. The introduction of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) revolutionized the treatment of aortic stenosis (AS) in the last decade. Whether a racial disparity in the utilization and outcome of TAVR exists is unknown.MethodsWe utilized the nationwide inpatient sample (NIS) to compare utilization rates, and in‐hospital outcomes of Caucasians and African American (AA) patients who underwent TAVR between August 2011 and December 2014.ResultsA total of 7,176 patients (6870 Caucasians, 95.7%) and (306 AAs, 4.3%) were included in this analysis. Among patients who underwent aortic valve replacement between 2011 and 2014, the rates of TAVR utilization increased from 0.32% to 7.6% in AAs and from 0.4% to 8.8% in Caucasians. In propensity‐matched cohorts of patients (n = 300 Caucasians and n = 300 AAs), in‐hospital mortality was similar (3.7% and 3.3%, respectively, P = 0.99). Also, rates of key complications including stroke, permanent pacemaker implantation (PPMI), vascular complications, acute kidney injury, new dialysis, blood transfusion, and tamponade were similar in both races. There was also no significant difference between Caucasians and AAs with regards to length of stay, cost of hospitalization, and intermediate care facility utilization.ConclusionsThere was no significant difference in the utilization rates, in‐hospital outcomes, and cost of TAVR between Caucasians and AA patients in contemporary US practice. Further comparative studies of surgical and TAVR in AAs and other racial minorities are warranted.
Large‐scale oxidation of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes in fluidized bed from ozone‐containing gas mixtures
Authors: Lassègue Pierre , Noé Laure , Dupin Jean‐Charles , Monthioux Marc , Caussat Brigitte 
Published: September 2017

Abstract100 g of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) tangled in balls of 388 μm in Sauter diameter were treated per run in a pre‐industrial scale fluidized bed reactor, using ozone‐based gaseous mixtures at ambient temperature. The influence of ozone concentration and of the addition of water vapour was studied, for treatment durations between 1 h and 20 h. The process behaviour was analyzed in terms of fluidized bed pressure drop and temperature profile. The nature and amount of the grafted oxygen based functions were analyzed, as the structural modifications created. An oxidation mechanism in two steps was evidenced, showing the grafting of hydroxyl, phenol, and ether functions in a first step and then of lactone, quinone, carbonyl, and carboxylic groups. A moderate etching of the MWCNT outer walls was observed. The amount of grafted functions and of structural defects increased with treatment duration and was highly exalted by the presence of water vapour. All the results obtained showed that the oxidation was uniform on the whole powder of the bed and from the outer part to the centre of the balls, probably thanks to the high fluidization quality maintained all along the ozone treatment.
Non‐Aqueous Primary Li–Air Flow Battery and Optimization of its Cathode through Experiment and Modeling
Authors: Kim Byoungsu , Takechi Kensuke , Ma Sichao , Verma Sumit , Fu Shiqi , Desai Amit , Pawate Ashtamurthy S. , Mizuno Fuminori , Kenis Paul J. A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA primary Li–air battery has been developed with a flowing Li‐ion free ionic liquid as the recyclable electrolyte, boosting power capability by promoting superoxide diffusion and enhancing discharge capacity through separately stored discharge products. Experimental and computational tools are used to analyze the cathode properties, leading to a set of parameters that improve the discharge current density of the non‐aqueous Li–air flow battery. The structure and configuration of the cathode gas diffusion layers (GDLs) are systematically modified by using different levels of hot pressing and the presence or absence of a microporous layer (MPL). These experiments reveal that the use of thinner but denser MPLs is key for performance optimization; indeed, this leads to an improvement in discharge current density. Also, computational results indicate that the extent of electrolyte immersion and porosity of the cathode can be optimized to achieve higher current density.
Land use impacts on floodplain water table response to precipitation events
Authors: Kellner Elliott , Hubbart Jason A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractTwo floodplain sites were instrumented, a bottomland hardwood forest and a historic agricultural field. Continuous, automated, in situ shallow groundwater monitoring was paired with a gridded sampling design to facilitate detailed spatiotemporal analysis of water table response to precipitation events. Data were collected at 30‐min intervals for the duration of the 2011, 2012, 2013, and 2014 water years. Four hundred three precipitation events were observed, with median depth of 3 mm. Results show significantly (p < .001) greater study site median water table response at the agricultural site (0.02 m), relative to the forest (0.01 m). The ratio of water table response magnitude to precipitation depth was 8.3 and 3.3 at the agricultural and forest sites, respectively, a difference of more than 150%. Median shallow groundwater level lag time was shorter with respect to both precipitation and streamflow at the agricultural site (10 and 2 hr for precipitation and flow, respectively), relative to the forest (11.5 and 4.5 hr for precipitation and flow, respectively). Longer lag times indicated slower water table response and potentially increased flood attenuation capacity by the forest site. Results show the agricultural site water table responded to a greater number of precipitation events (including smaller events), reflecting potentially reduced relative flood attenuation capacity. Observed differences highlight the various impacts of forest vegetation on water table dynamics and emphasize the benefits of floodplain forests as a water resource management tool, including for flood mitigation, in mixed‐land‐use watersheds.
An in vitro simulation model to assess the severity of edge loading and wear, due to variations in component positioning in hip joint replacements
Authors: O'Dwyer Lancaster‐Jones O. , Williams S. , Jennings L. M. , Thompson J. , Isaac G. H. , Fisher J. , Al‐Hajjar M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe aim of this study was to develop a preclinical in vitro method to predict the occurrence and severity of edge loading condition associated with the dynamic separation of the centres of the head and cup (in the absence of impingement) for variations in surgical positioning of the cup. Specifically, this study investigated the effect of both the variations in the medial–lateral translational mismatch between the centres of the femoral head and acetabular cup and the variations in the cup inclination angles on the occurrence and magnitude of the dynamic separation, the severity of edge loading, and the wear rate of ceramic‐on‐ceramic hip replacement bearings in a multi‐station hip joint simulator during a walking gait cycle. An increased mismatch between the centres of rotation of the femoral head and acetabular cup resulted in an increased level of dynamic separation and an increase in the severity of edge loading condition which led to increased wear rate in ceramic‐on‐ceramic bearings. Additionally for a given translational mismatch, an increase in the cup inclination angle gave rise to increased dynamic separation, worst edge loading conditions, and increased wear. To reduce the occurrence and severity of edge loading, the relative positions (the mismatch) of the centres of rotation of the head and the cup should be considered alongside the rotational position of the acetabular cup. This study has considered the combination of mechanical and tribological factors for the first time in the medial–lateral axis only, involving one rotational angle (inclination) and one translational mismatch. © 2017 The Authors Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1897–1906, 2018.
The influence of two common sterilization techniques on the corrosion of Mg and its alloys for biomedical applications
Authors: Johnston Sean , Shi Zhiming , Hoe Cherilyn , Uggowitzer Peter J. , Cihova Martina , Löffler Jörg F. , Dargusch Matthew S. , Atrens Andrej 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis paper studied the influence of two common sterilization techniques, ethylene oxide (EO) and gamma irradiation (GI), on the corrosion rate of four Mg‐based materials in CO2‐bicarbonate buffered Hanks’ solution. The four materials were: high‐purity (HP)‐Mg, ZE41, ultra‐high purity (XHP)‐Mg, and XHP‐ZX00. The corrosion rate was measured through mass loss (Pm) and hydrogen evolution (PH). Two‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to assess the effect of the sterilization techniques on the corrosion rates across the four materials. The ANOVA analyzed the variables of (1) material, (2) sterilization condition (EO, GI, and an unsterilized control group), and (3) the interaction between these two independent variables. Neither sterilization technique (EO and GI) significantly influenced the corrosion rate as measured byPm(p < 0.84) norPH(p < 0.08). This result was consistent across the four materials tested, as there was no interaction between the test variables of material and sterilization condition forPm(p < 0.49) orPH(p < 0.27). As neither EO nor GI influenced the corrosion rates, either of these techniques warrants consideration for use on Mg‐based medical implants and devices. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1907–1917, 2018.
Bicarbonate Recycling by HIF-1–Dependent Carbonic Anhydrase Isoforms 9 and 12 Is Critical in Maintaining Intracellular pH and Viability of Nucleus Pulposus Cells
Authors: Silagi Elizabeth S , Schoepflin Zachary R , Seifert Erin L , Merceron Christophe , Schipani Ernestina , Shapiro Irving M , Risbud Makarand V 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

Intervertebral disc degeneration is a ubiquitous condition closely linked to chronic low-back pain. The health of the avascular nucleus pulposus (NP) plays a crucial role in the development of this pathology. We tested the hypothesis that a network comprising HIF-1α, carbonic anhydrase (CA) 9 and 12 isoforms, and sodium-coupled bicarbonate cotransporters (NBCs) buffer intracellular pH through coordinated bicarbonate recycling. Contrary to the current understanding of NP cell metabolism, analysis of metabolic-flux data from Seahorse XF analyzer showed that CO2 hydration contributes a significant source of extracellular proton production in NP cells, with a smaller input from glycolysis. Because enzymatic hydration of CO2 is catalyzed by plasma membrane-associated CAs we measured their expression and function in NP tissue. NP cells robustly expressed isoforms CA9/12, which were hypoxia-inducible. In addition to increased mRNA stability under hypoxia, we observed binding of HIF-1α to select hypoxia-responsive elements on CA9/12 promoters using genomic chromatin immunoprecipitation. Importantly, in vitro loss of function studies and analysis of discs from NP-specific HIF-1α null mice confirmed the dependency of CA9/12 expression on HIF-1α. As expected, inhibition of CA activity decreased extracellular acidification rate independent of changes in HIF activity or lactate/H+ efflux. Surprisingly, CA inhibition resulted in a concomitant decrease in intracellular pH that was mirrored by inhibition of sodium-bicarbonate importers. These results suggested that extracellular bicarbonate generated by CA9/12 is recycled to buffer cytosolic pH fluctuations. Importantly, long-term intracellular acidification from CA inhibition lead to compromised cell viability, suggesting that plasma-membrane proton extrusion pathways alone are not sufficient to maintain homeostatic pH in NP cells. Taken together, our studies show for the first time that bicarbonate buffering through the HIF-1α–CA axis is critical for NP cell survival in the hypoxic niche of the intervertebral disc. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.