bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding Manufactured Exporters at the Firm‐Level: New Insights from Using SARS Administrative Data
Authors: Matthee Marianne , Rankin Neil , Webb Tasha , Bezuidenhout Carli 
Published: September 2017

AbstractExisting South African work on firm‐level data has been limited by access to large datasets that track firms over time. This paper overcomes this by analysing a new dataset of the population of manufacturing firms that are matched to their export transactions. South African firm‐level exporting is similar to the stylised facts of firm‐level exporting found internationally. Moreover, heterogeneity that exists within exporting is evident. Not only do exporters differ in terms of the amount exported, but also in terms of the number of products and destinations they export too. These in turn are related to firm‐level characteristics including productivity.
Impact of an educational intervention for district nurses about preparedness to encounter women exposed to intimate partner violence
Authors: Sundborg Eva , Törnkvist Lena , Wändell Per , Saleh‐Stattin Nouha 
Published: September 2017

AimTo evaluate the impact of an educational intervention on the preparedness of district nurses at primary healthcare centres to encounter women exposed to intimate partner violence.Methodological designAn observational quasi‐experimental study. Participants were divided into an intervention group (n = 117) and a control group (n = 204), both from the eastern part of Sweden. A group of nurses from across Sweden (the ‘national group,’ n = 217) was also recruited. The Violence Against Women Health Care Provider Survey was used pre‐ and 1 year postintervention to measure the intervention's impact. This survey, which measured preparedness, included eight factors: practitioner preparedness, self‐confidence, lack of control, comfort following disclosure, professional support, practice pressures, abuse inquiry and consequences of asking. anova, the paired Wilcoxon test, the Mann–Whitney U test and the Kruskal–Wallis test were used to analyse the data.FindingsPre‐intervention preparedness was equal in all three groups. In the intervention group, preparedness related to the factor practitioner lack of control increased (p = 0.003), but a comparison of change between the intervention and control groups showed no significant intervention effect (p = 0.069).ConclusionsThe results indicate that the intervention had a low impact on district nurses’ preparedness. The educational intervention must be adjusted; a main focus of changes should be the addition of continuing postintervention supervision and support.
Interactive effects of music tempi and intensities on grip strength and subjective affect
Authors: Karageorghis C. I. , Cheek P. , Simpson S. D. , Bigliassi M. 
Published: September 2017

Pretask music is widely used by athletes albeit there is scant empirical evidence to support its use. The present study extended a line of work into pretask music by examining the interactive effects of music tempo and intensity (volume) on the performance of a simple motor skill and subjective affect. A 2 × 2 within‐subjects factorial design was employed with an additional no‐music control, the scores from which were used as a covariate. A sample of 52 male athletes (Mage = 26.1 ± 4.8 years) was exposed to five conditions: fast/loud (126 bpm/80 dBA), fast/quiet (126 bpm/70 dBA), slow/loud (87 bpm/80 dBA), slow/quiet (87 bpm/70 dBA) music, and a no‐music control. Dependent variables were grip strength, measured with a handgrip dynamometer, and subjective affect, assessed by use of the Affect Grid. The tempo and intensity components of music had interactive effects for grip strength but only main effects for subjective affect. Fast‐tempo music played at a high intensity yielded the highest grip strength, while fast‐tempo music played at a low‐intensity resulted in much lower grip strength (Mdiff. = −1.11 Force kg). For affective valence, there were main effects of tempo and intensity, with fast and loud music yielding the highest scores. For affective arousal, there was no difference between tempi although there was between intensities, with the high‐intensity condition yielding higher scores. The present findings indicate the utility of fast/loud pretask music in enhancing affective valence and arousal in preparation for a simple or gross motor task.
The preeminent sacred symbol: Theorizing image of God outcomes
Authors: Draper Scott 
Published: September 2017

AbstractImages of God are the most consequential religious beliefs known to social science. Although sociologists have identified a wide and diverse range of outcomes of imagining different versions of God, more work is needed to show how these outcomes fit together within a multistep theoretical framework. To lay groundwork for such a theory, the present paper (a) briefly summarizes major theoretical perspectives on sources and outcomes of images of God, from psychology, social psychology, and sociology; (b) reviews a wide range of studies that identify specific outcomes of different images of God; and (c) recommends a new theoretical direction based on (a) and (b). Although this new direction will need to be developed in substantially greater detail in another context, the starting point for such work, suggested here, is that images of God function as humans' preeminent sacred symbols. This insight helps bridge an unnecessary chasm between Durkheim's theory of ritual and Stark's theory of gods.
3D analysis of mitosis distribution highlights the longitudinal zonation and diarch symmetry in proliferation activity of the Arabidopsis thaliana root meristem
Authors: Lavrekha Viktoriya V. , Pasternak Taras , Ivanov Victor B. , Palme Klaus , Mironova Victoria V. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryTo date CYCB1;1 marker and cortex cell lengths have been conventionally used to determine the proliferation activity of the Arabidopsis root meristem. By creating a 3D map of mitosis distribution we showed that these markers overlooked that stele and endodermis save their potency to divide longer than the cortex and epidermis. Cessation of cell divisions is not a random process, so that mitotic activity within the endodermis and stele shows a diarch pattern. Mitotic activity of all root tissues peaked at the same distance from the quiescent center (QC); however, different tissues stopped dividing at different distances, with cells of the protophloem exiting the cell cycle first and the procambial cells being the last. The robust profile of mitotic activity in the root tip defines the longitudinal zonation in the meristem with the proliferation domain, where all cells are able to divide; and the transition domain, where the cell files cease to divide. 3D analysis of cytokinin deficient and cytokinin signaling mutants showed that their proliferation domain is similar to that of the wild type, but the transition domain is much longer. Our data suggest a strong inhibitory effect of cytokinin on anticlinal cell divisions in the stele.
Murine red blood cells from genetically distinct donors cross‐regulate when stored together
Authors: Hay Ariel , Howie Heather L. , Waterman Hayley R. , de Wolski Karen , Zimring James C. 
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUNDDonor variability of red blood cell (RBC) storage has been observed in both humans and animal models. We utilized a strain of mice with RBCs known to store well (B6) and a strain known to store poorly (FVB) to test the hypothesis that RBCs affected the storage of other RBCs.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSFive strains of mice were used: 1) transgenic B6 mice expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) in their RBCs (GFP.B6), 2) wild‐type B6 mice, 3) wild‐type FVB mice, 4) F1 crosses between GFP.B6 and FVB mice (GFP.F1), and 5) the analogous wild‐type (B6xFVB) F1 cross. GFP.B6 or GFP.F1 RBCs were mixed with wild‐type (non‐GFP) RBCs from B6 or FVB strains before storage. Twenty‐four–hour RBC recoveries were determined for stored RBCs by enumerating circulating GFP+ RBCs by flow cytometry.RESULTSTwenty‐four–hour recoveries of GFP.F1 RBCs was increased by co‐storage with B6 RBCs but decreased by co‐storage with FVB RBCs. This effect was dose dependent when tested with GFP.B6 RBCs; the more FVB blood added, the worse the 24‐hour recoveries became. RBC cross‐regulation did not occur when B6 and FVB RBCs were separated by a semipermeable membrane with a 0.4‐µm size cutoff.CONCLUSIONThese findings demonstrate that RBCs affect the storage of other RBCs, in both positive and negative directions, indicating not only that RBC storage is intrinsic to the RBC but that RBC–RBC communication occurs. Additional studies will be required to determine the nature of this effect and if these findings translate into human RBC storage.
Effect of prophylactic cefalexin treatment on the development of bacterial infection in acute radiation‐induced dermatitis in dogs: a blinded randomized controlled prospective clinical trial
Authors: Keyerleber Michele A. , Ferrer Lluís 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundAcute radiation‐induced dermatitis (ARID) is a common sequela of radiation therapy and carries the risk of secondary bacterial skin infection. No standard of care exists for managing canine ARID and evidence‐based guidelines are lacking; however, prophylactic use of antibiotics is common.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo evaluate the impact of prophylactic cefalexin on the prevalence and severity of bacterial infection in canine ARID.AnimalsSeventeen dogs treated with definitive‐intent radiotherapy.MethodsAll dogs were treated with definitive‐intent radiation therapy (48–57.5 gray) targeted to the skin surface. Dogs were randomized to receive either prophylactic cefalexin (22 mg/kg twice daily) beginning halfway through the prescribed radiotherapy course (cohort A) or to serve as controls (cohort B). Aerobic skin cultures and surface cytological evaluation were performed at first onset of moist desquamation and one week following completion of radiation therapy. Skin toxicity grading and owner quality of life (QoL) questionnaires were performed weekly. The rate of infection, multidrug resistance status, toxicity severity and QoL between cohorts were compared.ResultsStaphylococcus schleiferi and S. pseudintermedius were the most frequent bacterial agents isolated in both cohorts. There was no significant difference in prevalence of bacterial infection or overall QoL between cohorts at either time point; however, multidrug‐resistant infections were significantly increased in cohort A versus cohort B. Clinician‐ and client‐perceived severity of toxicity was significantly greater and median duration of moist desquamation was significantly longer in cohort A than cohort B.Conclusions and clinical importanceProphylactic use of cefalexin for management of canine ARID is not recommended.
Microbial profile and its changing rates of Lake Burullus, Egypt as wastewater receiving body
Authors: Mousa Ibrahim E. , Emara Isalm K. , Farfour Safinaz A. , Eldourghamy Ayman S. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractUnderstanding the impacts of seasonal variations on fate and distribution of natural and introduced microbes are important for proper public health, risk assessment and water management of Lake Burullus, Egypt (LB) as water receiving body. The effects of mixing processes on microbial loads in Lake and discharged aquacultural wastewater (AQ) and agricultural drainages (AG) were assessed. Microbiological examinations of discharged waters in this study revealed that total bacterial count (TBC), and total coliform count (TCC) were significantly high at P ≤ 0.05 in aquacultural wastewater than both LB and AG. Total fecal coliform count (TFC) and total fecal streptococcus (TFS) were determined and showed that AG has significantly high at P ≤ 0.05 comparing to both LB and AQ. No seasonal differences in‐between all indictors values of LB, while AG wastewater values were mostly higher than both AQ and LB water samples with declining attitude between sampling points. In case of TBC, TCC and TFC, the microbial loads of lake water were highly affected by receiving water but in case of TSF, the water shows no affects. Contrary, for discharged waters, both show reduction in count that is meaning of dilution processes. As excessive discharge of raw wastewater may present a risk related to high increased rate of TBC and TCC in lake water annually by 27.8 and 33.0% at 500 m points, respectively.
Genomic Activation of PPARG Reveals a Candidate Therapeutic Axis in Bladder Cancer
Authors: Goldstein Jonathan T. , Berger Ashton C. , Shih Juliann , Duke Fujiko F. , Furst Laura , Kwiatkowski David J. , Cherniack Andrew D. , Meyerson Matthew , Strathdee Craig A. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The PPARG gene encoding the nuclear receptor PPARγ is activated in bladder cancer, either directly by gene amplification or mutation, or indirectly by mutation of the RXRA gene, which encodes the heterodimeric partner of PPARγ. Here, we show that activating alterations of PPARG or RXRA lead to a specific gene expression signature in bladder cancers. Reducing PPARG activity, whether by pharmacologic inhibition or genetic ablation, inhibited proliferation of PPARG-activated bladder cancer cells. Our results offer a preclinical proof of concept for PPARG as a candidate therapeutic target in bladder cancer. Cancer Res; 77(24); 6987–98. ©2017 AACR.
A Transposon Screen Identifies Loss of Primary Cilia as a Mechanism of Resistance to SMO Inhibitors
Authors: Zhao Xuesong , Pak Ekaterina , Ornell Kimberly J. , Pazyra-Murphy Maria F. , MacKenzie Ethan L. , Chadwick Emily J. , Ponomaryov Tatyana , Kelleher Joseph F. , Segal Rosalind A. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Drug resistance poses a great challenge to targeted cancer therapies. In Hedgehog pathway–dependent cancers, the scope of mechanisms enabling resistance to SMO inhibitors is not known. Here, we performed a transposon mutagenesis screen in medulloblastoma and identified multiple modes of resistance. Surprisingly, mutations in ciliogenesis genes represent a frequent cause of resistance, and patient datasets indicate that cilia loss constitutes a clinically relevant category of resistance. Conventionally, primary cilia are thought to enable oncogenic Hedgehog signaling. Paradoxically, we find that cilia loss protects tumor cells from susceptibility to SMO inhibitors and maintains a “persister” state that depends on continuous low output of the Hedgehog program. Persister cells can serve as a reservoir for further tumor evolution, as additional alterations synergize with cilia loss to generate aggressive recurrent tumors. Together, our findings reveal patterns of resistance and provide mechanistic insights for the role of cilia in tumor evolution and drug resistance.
Significance: Using a transposon screen and clinical datasets, we identified mutations in ciliogenesis genes as a new class of resistance to SMO inhibitors. Mechanistically, cilia-mutant tumors can either grow slowly in a “persister” state or evolve and progress rapidly in an “aggressive” state. Cancer Discov; 7(12); 1436–49. ©2017 AACR.
See related commentary by Goranci-Buzhala et al., p. 1374.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1355
Auditory Rhythms Influence Judged Time to Contact of an Occluded Moving Object
Authors: Chotsrisuparat Chayada , Koning Arno , Jacobs Richard , van Lier Rob 
Published: September 2017

We studied the expected moment of reappearance of a moving object after it disappeared from sight. In particular, we investigated whether auditory rhythms influence time to contact (TTC) judgments. Using displays in which a moving disk disappears behind an occluder, we examined whether an accompanying auditory rhythm influences the expected TTC of an occluded moving object. We manipulated a baseline auditory rhythm — consisting of equal sound and pause durations — in two ways: either the pause durations or the sound durations were increased to create slower rhythms. Participants had to press a button at the moment they expected the disk to reappear. Variations in pause duration (Experiments 1 and 2) affected expected TTC, in contrast to variations in sound duration (Experiment 3). These results show that auditory rhythms affect expected reappearance of an occluded moving object. Second, these results suggest that temporal auditory grouping is an important factor in TTC.
Atmospheric Turbulence Observations in the Vicinity of Surface Fires in Forested Environments
Authors: Heilman Warren E. , Bian Xindi , Clark Kenneth L. , Skowronski Nicholas S. , Hom John L. , Gallagher Michael R. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAmbient and fire-induced atmospheric turbulence in the vicinity of wildland fires can affect the behavior of those fires and the dispersion of smoke. The presence of forest overstory vegetation can further complicate the evolution of local turbulence regimes and their interaction with spreading fires and smoke plumes. Previous observational studies of wildland fire events in forested environments have shown that turbulence energy and anisotropy in the vicinity of spreading line fires exhibit temporal and spatial variability influenced by the presence of overstory vegetation. This study builds on those previous observational studies to further examine turbulence regimes during two wildland fires in forested environments, with an emphasis on the effects of forest canopies on turbulence energy budgets, the skewness in turbulent velocity distributions, and stability–anisotropy variations before, during, and after fire-front-passage periods. Analyses indicate that turbulence anisotropy tends to persist throughout the vertical extent of overstory vegetation layers even during highly buoyant fire-front-passage periods, with horizontal velocity perturbations dominating over vertical velocity perturbations. The analyses also suggest that the periods before and after fire-front passage in forested environments can be very different with respect to how diffusion and shear production concurrently affect the evolution of turbulence energy within the canopy layer. In addition, horizontal and vertical velocity distribution analyses carried out in this study suggest that spreading line fires can have a substantial effect on the skewness of daytime velocity distributions typically observed inside forest vegetation layers.
Epidemiology of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with liver failure: Clinical presentation, risk factors, and outcomes
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Yang Meifang , Hu Jianhua , Zhao Hong , Li Lanjuan 
Published: September 2017

Objective Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a severe and often lethal infection. The possible risk factors, clinical presentation, and treatment of patients with simultaneous liver failure and IPA have received little attention in previous studies. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of IPA in patients with liver failure in an effort to reduce patient mortality. Methods The patients with liver failure (including acute liver failure , sub-acute liver failure , acute-on-chronic liver failure and chronic liver failure) were recruited from 2011 to 2016. The clinical data of these patients were retrieved for the study. Results In total, 1077 patients with liver failure were included in this study. Of the 1077 patients, 53 (4.9%) had IPA. Forty-four (83%) patients with IPA died. Independent risk factors for IPA were male sex (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.542), hepatorenal syndrome (HR = 2.463), antibiotic use (HR = 4.631), and steroid exposure (HR = 18.615). Conclusions IPA is a fatal complication in patients with liver failure. Male sex, hepatorenal syndrome, antibiotic use, and steroid exposure were independent risk factors for IPA. When patients with liver failure have these risk factors and symptoms of pneumonia such as cough or hemoptysis, clinicians should be cautious about the possibility of IPA.
Bleeding Control in Palliative Care Patients With the Help of Tranexamic Acid
Authors: Geist Marcus J. P. , Kessler Jens , Frankenhauser Susanne , Bardenheuer Hubert J. 
Published: September 2017

Background: Persistent bleeding is a common reason for admitting patients with advanced cancer to a palliative care unit. Several reports show a successful therapeutic use of the antifibrinolytic agent tranexamic acid in palliative care patients having hemorrhages. However, it is not administered routinely in severe bleeding situations in palliative care, and general dosing recommendations are unclear. Case Presentation: We report on 3 patients who were treated with tranexamic acid due to symptomatic hemorrhage complicating different malignant processes. Case Management and Outcome: A dosing regimen of 1000 mg intravenous tranexamic acid 3 times a day caused an arrest of bleeding in the reported patients within 2 to 3 days. Having controlled the acute bleeding, we continued with an oral administration of 3000 mg per day as maintenance dose. Conclusions: The described dosing regimen was effective in controlling the symptomatic bleeding of the reported patients. Further studies are needed to get evidence-based information on the optimal dosing regimen of tranexamic acid and to emphasize its significance in palliative medicine.
Using a Media Campaign to Increase Engagement With a Mobile-Based Youth Smoking Cessation Program
Authors: Sanders Amy , Robinson Cendrine , Taylor Shani C. , Post Samantha D. , Goldfarb Jeffrey , Shi Rui , Hunt Yvonne M. , Augustson Erik M. 
Published: September 2017

Purpose: To describe the impact of the National Cancer Institute’s promotion of its youth smoking cessation program, Smokefree Teen (SFT). Design: We provide a description of campaign strategies and outcomes as a means to engage a teen audience in cessation resources using a cost-effective approach. Setting: The campaign occurred nationally, using traditional (TV and radio), online, and social media outreach. Participants: Ads targeted adolescent smokers (aged 14-17). The baseline population was 42 586 and increased to 464 357 during the campaign. Measures: Metrics used to assess outcomes include (1) visits to SFT website from traditional and online ads, (2) cost to get an online ad clicked (cost-per-click), and (3) SmokefreeTXT program enrollments during the 8-week campaign period. Analysis: We conducted a quantitative performance review of all tactics. Results: The SFT campaign achieved an online ad click-through rate of 0.33%, exceeding industry averages of 0.15%. Overall, web traffic to teen.smokefree.gov increased by 980%, and the online cost-per-click for ads, including social media actions, was approximately $1 as compared with $107 for traditional ads. Additionally, the campaign increased the SmokefreeTXT program teen sign-ups by 1334%. Conclusion: The campaign increased engagement with evidence-informed cessation resources for teen smokers. Results show the potential of using multiple, online channels to help increase engagement with core resources.