bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Construction of regional building typologies with a material catalog
Authors: Muñoz Hidalgo Marcelo Esteban 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop a new building typology for: the estimation of heat demand of urban agglomerations; and the assessment of the environmental impact linked to urban re-development policies.

Design/methodology/approach
In order to: capture regional differences of urban areas; and describe individual building components of neighbourhoods, the author proposes the construction of a new building typology based upon a regional material catalog (Klauß et al. 2009a).

Findings
The main findings of this analysis are primarily on method. The author presents a method to estimate the building shell from available information on the digital cadastre and the first attempt to link material databases with a ranking algorithm. The analysis application presented in this paper shows that the embodied energy on insulation materials and the corresponding energetic payback time depends on the “real” building shell, making it important to accurately compute this value.

Practical implications
Results from this analysis present an heat demand urban model able to capture: regional differences, thanks to the use of the regional material catalog, local characteristics of the building stock, thanks to the detailed information of the digital cadastre, and ability to link building stock models with rich Live Cycle Inventory (LCI) databases for the explicit consideration of the embodied energy of retrofit measures. Further applications of the developed method could be used to assess new urban development plans of the city as well as financial incentives packages for building retrofits.

Originality/value
This analysis shows the first step towards the development of a new building typology constructed upon a regional material catalog. This innovation allows taking regional differences into account. Because the author uses a detailed catalog of building components, an accounting of embodied energy by linking data of a LCI database is possible. In this paper the author presents an application of the enriched data set, the presented example shows the needed embodied energy by adding an extra layer to the predefined building components of selected buildings of the digital cadastre.
Energy performance of dynamic thermal insulation built in the experimental façade system
Authors: Wieprzkowicz Anna , Heim Dariusz 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate energy performance of thermal insulation modified by phase change materials (PCM). Special attention was paid to the problem of proper performance assessment of such components by computational techniques and methods of its evaluation.

Design/methodology/approach
Analysis was conducted on the basis of the results obtained using the dynamic building simulation technique performed by ESP-r software. Two cases of insulation components enhanced by a layer: characterised by increased latent heat capacity were analysed and compared. Results were investigated in terms of thermal comfort and energy efficiency, using evaluation methods from literature and new, original indicators proposed by authors.

Findings
The analysis revealed that performance of insulation enhanced by PCM is very dynamic and highly sensitive to changeable weather conditions. Thus, there is a strong need for the development of the assessment methods and guidelines for the performance of such components with changeable physical properties.

Practical implications
The methodology and the results reported in this paper could be used as a guideline for further parametric studies and optimisation tasks. Further development of phase change insulation can substantially change the existing approach to the building energy performance.

Originality/value
The paper introduces a new approach of the assessment of insulation components modified by PCM and highlights the dynamic characteristics of its performance.
Urban planning principles of nearly zero-energy residential buildings in Estonia
Authors: Voll Hendrik , Thalfeldt Martin , De Luca Francesco , Kurnitski Jarek , Olesk Timo 
Published: August 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose a scientific method to evaluate possible urban layouts of a test building integrating building regulations, natural light standard and energy requirements to achieve nearly zero-energy buildings in Estonia. The integration of building regulations, energy requirements and natural light standards is crucial to evaluate the incidence of the surrounding environment when analyzing the energy performance of buildings.Design/methodology/approachThe paper investigates the variations of the energy consumption of a model building with different orientations and variable urban surroundings configurations for the latitude of Tallinn. The different urban configurations are due to combinations of the different building requirements of fire safety, daylighting and insolation hours that in Estonia affect the layout of residential districts, thus influencing significantly the potential consumption of buildings. Different layouts of surrounding buildings have been chosen all guaranteeing at different degrees the fulfillment of the building requirements for the test building and energy simulations have been run to find the urban layouts that guarantee best performances.FindingsThe outcomes show that the test building interior temperatures and energy performances vary significantly in the different urban planning configurations and for the different orientations, underlining that is strongly recommended to run always energy simulation of building considering their surrounding environment. The conclusions show the principles to integrate the building regulations to achieve nearly zero-energy districts that significantly can improve life quality in the urban environment.Originality/valueThe paper analyze the energy efficiency of buildings with different features and orientations simulating their possible urban environment layouts given by building regulations, and not isolated or as built in “an open field” like most of the existing literature in the field.
Horizontal or vertical? Windows’ layout selection for shading devices optimization
Authors: De Luca Francesco , Voll Hendrik , Thalfeldt Martin 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to constitute an efficient way to improve energy efficiency and occupants comfort in buildings through reduction of direct solar heat gains by exterior shading devices. The shadings orientation and layout depends on the building location and façade orientation, and influence consequently the windows layout. It is still debated which type of window layout is preferable for a specific building location and façade orientation.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper presents a method to determine the most efficient windows’ layout, horizontal or vertical, for shading devices optimization by mean of integrating energy simulations and computational design. A parametric model has been built by visual programming language to simulate, iterate and compare the results.

Findings
The research shows the most efficient layouts of windows to be shaded for three latitudes and locations, and the 16 cardinal directions, to be used by architects and designers. The results show a significant prevalence of the horizontal window type on the south façades but also on the east and west orientations for all the three locations, while the rules of thumb would suggest the vertical layout for the sunrise and sunset façades.

Originality/value
The task of designing exterior shading devices presents two main issues: the shading period selection and the method of calculating its size and shape. The present research uses the innovative method Shaderade that existing literature demonstrates superior comparing other more dated like the section method and the solar vectors one.
Application of a BIPV to cover net energy use of the adjacent office room
Authors: Knera Dominika , Heim Dariusz 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the potential of the experimental building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) façade to cover net energy use in the adjacent office room. Electricity generated by PV panels was intended to cover the energy demand for the mechanical ventilation and the supplementary lighting. Analyses were performed for two orientations of the façade (east and west) and two occupancy profiles considering one or two employees per one office room.

Design/methodology/approach
The study was conducted by carrying detailed numerical analyses of energy produced by the BIPV façade and its consumption in adjacent office room. Calculations of energy generated by PV panels were made using simulation programme ESP-r. Advanced model, used in analyses, take into account dependence of the main electrical parameters of photovoltaic cell from temperature.

Findings
The findings reveal that energy generated by photovoltaic panels during transitional and cooling seasons is sufficient for lighting and ventilation requirement. However during winter months BIPV facade can cover energy demand only for ventilation.

Originality/value
The paper provides an original analysis of experimental BIPV façade system as a source of on-site produced renewable energy to cover energy demand in offices building under certain climate conditions. The results reported in presented paper shows the potential of BIPV facades and display this potential in a context of building net energy balance.
The value creation logic and the internationalisation of internet firms
Authors: Hazarbassanova Denitsa Blagoeva 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
The purpose of the research is to put to a test the belief that the idiosyncratic internationalisation process of Internet firms is homogeneous. The research question is thus, “How does the value creation logic of Internet firms influence their internationalisation process?”.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors answer this question using three cases illustrating the internationalisation process of three pure play digital service firms, each falling into one value creation logic.

Findings
Each case company had a different approach to internationalisation, explained by a different theory. The firms differed in what their motivation was to internationalise, how they dealt with their liability of foreignness and how they learnt to internationalise. The differences were consistent with the specificities of their value creation. The contribution of this paper is to take the first steps towards linking the way firms create value with their internationalisation. What theory best explains the internationalization of IFs seems contingent on what firms do.

Practical implications
The message to practitioners is that international strategy not only can but also needs to be different across firms. It needs to be tailored to the concrete way a firm endeavours to generate and capture value. “One strategy fits most” is unlikely to succeed, because different value propositions demand different approaches to realising them.

Originality/value
In extant literature, IFs have been treated as one group, albeit distinct from “offline” firms. This paper proposes that the value creation process of IFs causes them to differ from each other, just as much as they differ from traditional firms.
Trust and economic performance
Authors: Niazi Amna , Hassan Hamid 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
Level of trust among the members is considered to be an important component that contributes towards the economic growth in an economy. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of trust level along with income per capita, human capital (education level), investment, labor force and political institutions on the economic performance.

Design/methodology/approach
In this research, panel data as well as cross-country analysis were applied on a sample of 64 countries from 1980 to 2014. Countries were further divided into developed and developing countries to observe the resultant effect of trust on economic performance. To explain the monotonic relationship between trust and economic performance, a non-linear term of trust is added to the regression model to see the impact of change in trust level on economic performance.

Findings
Empirical results show that there is a positive relation between social trust and economic performance. The result further describes that investment and human capital are leading determinants of economic performance. To explain the monotonic relationship between trust and economic performance, the study adds non-linear term of trust in regression model. The result explains U-shaped path between trust and economic performance in developing countries and inverse U-shaped path in developed countries.

Practical implications
The study adds valuable insight to the debate of relationship between trust level and economic performance. Business and managers can use this insight while making international strategic decisions regarding foreign direct investments and international expansions.

Originality/value
This study highlights the importance of trust in developing and developed countries and shows that trust works as a strong binding in holding societies together and better economic performance is not possible, especially in developing countries where there is a lack of trust.
Entrepreneurial and network knowledge in emerging economies
Authors: Ratten Vanessa , Ferreira Joao , Fernandes Cristina 
Published: August 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine how entrepreneurs in emerging economies use their knowledge to help create new businesses and increase their profitability in the international marketplace. Emerging economies are playing an increasingly important part in the global marketplace, particularly in terms of how they use knowledge-based resources and entrepreneurial networks.Design/methodology/approachThe methodological approach of this paper is to analyse the entrepreneurial processes in emerging economies by using the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) to evaluate whether the stage of economic development affects intention rates of individuals to start new businesses. Utilising a panel approach to evaluating entrepreneurial intention from 2009 to 2013, a number of hypotheses are tested to see how entrepreneurial knowledge and network knowledge affect the likelihood to engage in new business activity.FindingsThese hypotheses are analysed based on the economic development stage of a country. The findings of the hypotheses suggest that entrepreneurial and network knowledge can help determine an individual’s intention to start a business, but although network knowledge is related to economic development, entrepreneurial knowledge is not significant.Research limitations/implicationsThe GEM report is helpful in seeing longitudinal changes in entrepreneurship from emerging economies. This helps increase research interest in emerging economies by encouraging more appropriate policy aimed at increasing new business creation.Practical implicationsImplications for entrepreneurs and public policymakers in emerging economies are stated, which suggest that it is important to foster entrepreneurship education. Suggestions for future research linking knowledge-based resources and entrepreneurial intentions in emerging economies are also highlighted.Originality/valueThe findings demonstrate that the propensity of individuals to engage in new business creation in emerging economies is different to those in developed countries because of funding constraints and lack of access to the appropriate skills.
Thermoregulatory value of cracking‐clay soil shelters for small vertebrates during extreme desert conditions
Authors: WAUDBY Helen P. , PETIT Sophie 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDeserts exhibit extreme climatic conditions. Small desert‐dwelling vertebrates have physiological and behavioral adaptations to cope with these conditions, including the ability to seek shelter. We investigated the temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH) regulating properties of the soil cracks that characterize the extensive cracking‐clay landscapes of arid Australia, and the extent of their use by 2 small marsupial species: fat‐tailed and stripe‐faced dunnarts (Sminthopsis crassicaudata and Sminthopsis macroura). We measured hourly (over 24‐h periods) the T and RH of randomly‐selected soil cracks compared to outside conditions, during 2 summers and 2 winters. We tracked 17 dunnarts (8 Sminthopsis crassicaudata and 9 Sminthopsis macroura) to quantify their use of cracks. Cracks consistently moderated microclimate, providing more stable conditions than available from non‐crack points, which often displayed comparatively dramatic fluctuations in T and RH. Both dunnart species used crack shelters extensively. Cracks constitute important shelter for small animals during extreme conditions by providing a stable microclimate, which is typically cooler than outside conditions in summer and warmer in winter. Cracks likely play a fundamental sheltering role by sustaining the physiological needs of small mammal populations. Globally, cracking‐clay areas are dominated by agricultural land uses, including livestock grazing. Management of these systems should focus not only on vegetation condition, but also on soil integrity, to maintain shelter resources for ground‐dwelling fauna.
Small fishes crossed a large mountain range: Quaternary stream capture events and freshwater fishes on both sides of the Taebaek Mountains
Authors: KIM Daemin , HIRT M. Vincent , WON Yong‐Jin , SIMONS Andrew M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe Taebaek Mountains in Korea serve as the most apparent biogeographic barrier for Korean freshwater fishes, resulting in 2 distinct ichthyofaunal assemblages on the eastern (East/Japan Sea slope) and western (Yellow Sea and Korea Strait slopes) sides of the mountain range. Of nearly 100 species of native primary freshwater fishes in Korea, only 18 species occur naturally on both sides of the mountain range. Interestingly, there are 5 rheophilic species (Phoxinus phoxinus, Coreoleuciscus splendidus, Ladislavia taczanowskii, Iksookimia koreensis and Koreocobitis rotundicaudata) found on both sides of the Taebaek Mountains that are geographically restricted to the Osip River (and several neighboring rivers, for L. taczanowskii and I. koreensis) on the eastern side of the mountain range. The Osip River and its neighboring rivers also shared a rheophilic freshwater fish, Liobagrus mediadiposalis, with the Nakdong River on the western side of the mountain range. We assessed historical biogeographic hypotheses on the presence of these rheophilic fishes, utilizing DNA sequence data from the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. Results of our divergence time estimation indicate that ichthyofaunal transfers into the Osip River (and several neighboring rivers in East Sea slope) have occurred from the Han (Yellow Sea slope) and Nakdong (Korea Strait slope) Rivers since the Late Pleistocene. The inferred divergence times for the ichthyofaunal transfer across the Taebaek Mountains were consistent with the timing of hypothesized multiple reactivations of the Osip River Fault (Late Pleistocene), suggesting that the Osip River Fault reactivations may have caused stream capture events, followed by ichthyofaunal transfer, not only between the Osip and Nakdong Rivers, but also between the Osip and Han Rivers.
Rosuvastatin postconditioning protects isolated hearts against ischemia–reperfusion injury: The role of radical oxygen species, PI3K–Akt–GSK‐3β pathway, and mitochondrial permeability transition pore
Authors: Liu Chun‐Wei , Yang Fan , Cheng Shi‐Zhao , Liu Yue , Wan Liang‐Hui , Cong Hong‐Liang 
Published: August 2016

SummaryAimsGlycogen synthase kinase‐3β (GSK‐3β) and mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) play an important role in myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury. The aim of this study was to investigate whether postconditioning with rosuvastatin is able to reduce myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury and clarify the potential mechanisms.MethodsIsolated rat hearts underwent 30 minutes of ischemia and 60 minutes of reperfusion in the presence or absence of rosuvastatin (1‐50 nmol/L). The activity of signaling pathway was determined by Western blot analysis, and Ca2+‐induced mPTP opening was assessed by the use of a potentiometric method.ResultsRosuvastatin significantly reduced myocardial infarct size and improved cardiac function at 5 and 10 nmol/L. Protection disappeared at higher concentration and reverted to increased damage at 50 nmol/L. At 5 nmol/L, rosuvastatin increased the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt) and GSK‐3β, concomitant with a higher Ca2+ load required to open the mPTP. Rosuvastatin postconditioning also significantly increased superoxide dismutase activity and reduced malondialdehyde and radical oxygen species level. LY294002, phosphatidylinositol‐3‐kinase (PI3K) inhibitors, abolished these protective effects of rosuvastatin postconditioning.ConclusionRosuvastatin prevents myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury by inducing phosphorylation of PI3K–Akt and GSK‐3β, preventing oxidative stress and subsequent inhibition of mPTP opening.
Scandinavian SSAI clinical practice guideline on choice of first‐line vasopressor for patients with acute circulatory failure
Authors: Møller M. H. , Claudius C. , Junttila E. , Haney M. , Oscarsson‐Tibblin A. , Haavind A. , Perner A. 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundAdult critically ill patients often suffer from acute circulatory failure, necessitating use of vasopressor therapy. The aim of the Scandinavian Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (SSAI) task force for Acute Circulatory Failure was to present clinically relevant, evidence‐based treatment recommendations on this topic.MethodsThis guideline was developed according to standards for trustworthy guidelines, including a systematic review of the literature and use of the GRADE methodology for assessment of the quality of evidence and for moving from evidence to recommendations. We assessed the following subpopulations of patients with acute circulatory failure: 1) shock in general, 2) septic shock, 3) cardiogenic shock, 4) hypovolemic shock and 5) other types of shock, including vasodilatory shock. We assessed patient‐important outcome measures, including mortality, serious adverse reactions and quality‐of‐life.ResultsFor patients with shock in general and those with septic shock, we recommend using norepinephrine rather than dopamine, and we suggest using norepinephrine rather than epinephrine, vasopressin analogues, and phenylephrine. For patients with cardiogenic shock and those with hypovolemic shock, we suggest using norepinephrine rather than dopamine, and we provide no recommendations/suggestions of norepinephrine vs. epinephrine, vasopressin analogues, and phenylephrine. For patients with other types of shock, including vasodilatory shock, we suggest using norepinephrine rather than dopamine, epinephrine, vasopressin analogues, and phenylephrine.ConclusionsWe recommend using norepinephrine rather than other vasopressors as first‐line treatment for the majority of adult critically ill patients with acute circulatory failure.