bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acceleration of the partial element equivalent circuit method with uniform tessellation—Part II: Frequency domain solver with interpolation and reuse of partial elements
Authors: Romano Daniele , Lombardi Luigi , Antonini Giulio 
Published: December 2017

AbstractStated the importance of accelerating electromagnetic numerical methods to perform accurate and fast virtual prototyping, addressing electromagnetic compatibility/electromagnetic interference issues, in this work, we propose a novel strategy for fast frequency sweeps arising in the partial element equivalent circuit method. Since, as shown in Part I, many geometrical configurations are repeated for a uniform tessellation of 3D structures, the calculation of volume and surface integrals required to fill the partial element matrices can be performed only for a subset of the total elements. Furthermore, since these integrals slowly change with frequency, they can be easily interpolated. Finally, since the interpolation is used over a reduced number of coefficients, their computation can be performed in a vectorialized fashion. All this process leads to an impressive acceleration in the computation of partial elements for the entire frequency sweep by paying a little overhead of random access memory usage. The efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method are demonstrated through its application to 2 pertinent problems.
Role of the innate immune system in the neuropathological consequences induced by adolescent binge drinking
Authors: Pascual María , Montesinos Jorge , Guerri Consuelo 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAdolescence is a critical stage of brain maturation in which important plastic and dynamic processes take place in different brain regions, leading to development of the adult brain. Ethanol drinking in adolescence disrupts brain plasticity and causes structural and functional changes in immature brain areas (prefrontal cortex, limbic system) that result in cognitive and behavioral deficits. These changes, along with secretion of sexual and stress‐related hormones in adolescence, may impact self‐control, decision making, and risk‐taking behaviors that contribute to anxiety and initiation of alcohol consumption. New data support the participation of the neuroimmune system in the effects of ethanol on the developing and adult brain. This article reviews the potential pathological bases that underlie the effects of alcohol on the adolescent brain, such as the contribution of genetic background, the perturbation of epigenetic programming, and the influence of the neuroimmune response. Special emphasis is given to the actions of ethanol in the innate immune receptor toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4), since recent studies have demonstrated that by activating the inflammatory TLR4/NFκB signaling response in glial cells, binge drinking of ethanol triggers the release of cytokines/chemokines and free radicals, which exacerbate the immune response that causes neuroinflammation/neural damage as well as short‐ and long‐term neurophysiological, cognitive, and behavioral dysfunction. Finally, potential treatments that target the neuroimmune response to treat the neuropathological and behavioral consequences of adolescent alcohol abuse are discussed.
Reversibility of defect formation during oxygen‐assisted electron‐beam‐induced etching of graphene
Authors: Pillet Guillaume , Freire‐Soler Victor , Eroles Marc Nuñez , Bacsa Wolfgang , Dujardin Erik , Puech Pascal 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe explore the defect formation on single‐layer graphene partially suspended over a microcavity upon etching by a focused electron beam in a reactive oxygen atmosphere. The formation of oxygenated defects in an area of several μm2 around the cut is studied by Raman spectroscopy. The narrow symmetric Raman D band has the same bandwidth as the G band line width of supported graphene. For suspended graphene, the D bandwidth is larger. From the ratio of the intensity of the Raman D and D′ band (ID/ID′), it is concluded that mainly sp3‐type defects are formed on supported graphene and more defects with a different spectral signature are formed on suspended graphene. Annealing in reductive H2/Ar atmosphere is found to remove bonded oxygen on supported graphene, whereas on suspended graphene with higher density of defects, defects are removed only partially.
In vivo determination of carotenoid resonance excitation profiles of Chlorella vulgaris, Haematococcus pluvialis, and Porphyridium purpureum
Authors: Koch Matthias , Kniggendorf Ann‐Kathrin , Meinhardt‐Wollweber Merve , Roth Bernhard 
Published: December 2017

AbstractUnder stress, certain species of algae produce pigments such as astaxanthin, β‐carotene, or phycoerythrin for protection against photosynthethic stress. These pigments are of high commercial demand, for example, as food additives. Measuring and maintaining stress conditions precisely are necessary for efficient pigment synthesis in algae cultures. We present resonance excitation maps of three common species of algae, Chlorella vulgaris, Haematococcus pluvialis, and Porphyridium purpureum, exploring the feasibility of resonance Raman spectroscopy for stress monitoring in vivo. The resonance excitation profiles for individual Raman lines of carotenoids extracted from the resonance excitation maps of different stress states are a helpful guide to pick optimal excitation wavelengths for maximum resonance enhancement in living algae cultures of these species under laboratory conditions.
Electrodeposition of silver nanoparticles in the presence of different complexing agents by time‐resolved Raman spectroelectrochemistry
Authors: Ibañez D. , Izquierdo D. , Fernandez‐Blanco C. , Heras A. , Colina A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractChemical and physical properties of metal nanoparticles (NPs) are determined not only by the synthesis method used to prepare them but also by the experimental conditions under the generation process takes place. One of the most important factors in the synthesis of NPs is the presence of complexing agents in the media that can change the size and shape of the NPs. The significant role of different complexing agents (cyanide, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and ethylenediamine) in the electrochemical formation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has been analyzed by time‐resolved Raman spectroelectrochemistry. Electrochemical and spectroscopic responses, obtained simultaneously, provide suitable information about the changes that occur on the platinum electrode surface during the AgNPs electrodeposition. The morphology of AgNPs has been analyzed by ultraviolet–visible absorption spectroelectrochemistry, providing additional information and a detailed view of the electrodeposition process. The influence of the complexing agent used to generate AgNPs has been studied analyzing the surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect of the modified substrate. Raman spectra show different SERS behavior depending on the complexing agent and therefore on the AgNPs generated. The relationship between SERS signals and the morphology of AgNPs has been displayed by scanning electron microscopy images. Time‐resolved Raman spectroelectrochemistry confirms that chemical mechanism is necessary for SERS effect.
Change of the structure and the digestibility of myofibrillar proteins in Nanjing dry‐cured duck during processing
Authors: Du Xiaojing , Sun Yangying , Pan Daodong , Wang Ying , Ou Changrong , Cao Jinxuan 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDTo investigate the change of bioavailability and structure of myofibrillar proteins during Nanjing dry‐cured duck processing, carbonyl content, sulfhydryl (SH) group, disulfide (SS) group, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, surface hydrophobicity, secondary structures and in vitro digestibility were determined.RESULTSDuring processing, carbonyl content and surface hydrophobicity increased; SH turned into SS group; α‐helix turned into β‐sheet and random coil fractions. Protein degradation occurred during dry‐curing and drying–ripening stages. The in vitro digestibility of pepsin and pancreatic proteases increased during the salt curing stage and decreased during the drying–ripening stage.CONCLUSIONThe increase of digestibility could be attributed to the mild oxidation, degradation and unfolding of proteins while the decrease of digestibility was related to the intensive oxidation and aggregation of proteins. Protein degradation was not a main factor of digestibility during the drying–ripening stage. Results demonstrated that the bioavailability loss of myofibrillar proteins in Nanjing dry‐cured duck occurred during the stage of drying–ripening instead of curing. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Airborne particulate concentration during laser hair removal: A comparison between cold sapphire with aqueous gel and cryogen skin cooling
Authors: Ross Edward V. , Chuang Gary S. , Ortiz Arisa E. , Davenport Scott A. 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundHigh concentrations of sub‐micron nanoparticles have been shown to be released during laser hair removal (LHR) procedures. These emissions pose a potential biohazard to healthcare workers that have prolonged exposure to LHR plume.ObjectiveWe sought to demonstrate that cold sapphire skin cooling done in contact mode might suppress plume dispersion during LHR.MethodsA total of 11 patients were recruited for laser hair removal. They were treated on the legs and axilla with a 755 or 1064 nm millisecond‐domain laser equipped with either (i) cryogen spray (CSC); (ii) refrigerated air (RA); or (iii) contact cooling with sapphire (CC). Concentration of ultrafine nanoparticles <1 μm were measured just before and during LHR with the three respective cooling methods.ResultsFor contact cooling (CC), counts remained at baseline levels, below 3,500 parts per cubic centimeter (ppc) for all treatments. In contrast, the CSC system produced large levels of plume, peaking at times to over 400,000 ppc. The CA cooled system produced intermediate levels of plume, about 35,000 ppc (or about 10× baseline).ConclusionsCold Sapphire Skin cooling with gel suppresses plume during laser hair removal, potentially eliminating the need for smoke evacuators, custom ventilation systems, and respirators during LHR. Lasers Surg. Med. 50:280–283, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Photofrin® photodynamic therapy with intratumor photosensitizer injection provides similar tumor response while reducing systemic skin photosensitivity: Pilot murine study
Authors: Baran Timothy M. 
Published: December 2017

ObjectivesThe goal of this study was to compare tumor response to Photofrin® photodynamic therapy using intravenous and intratumoral injection of photosensitizer. Systemic skin photosensitivity and photosensitizer distribution were also compared between the two delivery methods.MethodsSCCVII tumors were initiated in the hind legs of female C3H mice and grown to a volume of ∼1,000 mm3. Photofrin® was delivered intravenously via the tail vein at a concentration of 2 mg/kg or intratumorally at concentrations ranging from 0.5–2 mg/kg. A 630 nm laser illumination was delivered via interstitial diffuser placement at a fluence rate of 400 mW/cm and fluence of 100 J/cm. Mice were maintained under normal room lighting for 24 hours after treatment, at which point photographs were captured for assessment of skin photosensitivity. Animals were then sacrificed, and their tumors were excised, sectioned, imaged, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). H&E slides were imaged to assess necrosis post‐PDT, and skin photographs were evaluated by two blinded reviewers for quantification of skin photosensitivity. Whole‐body fluorescence imaging was performed before and after photodynamic therapy.ResultsTumor necrosis was not significantly different based on treatment group (P = 0.33), while skin photosensitivity was significantly reduced in animals that received Photofrin® intratumorally (P = 0.0005). Fluorescence imaging revealed similar photosensitizer fluorescence in excised tumors for intratumor and intravenous injection of Photofrin® (P = 0.48), although fluorescence decreased significantly with decreasing intratumor injection concentration (P= 0.01).ConclusionsThis pilot study shows that intratumoral administration of Photofrin® has the potential to produce similar tumor outcomes, while reducing systemic skin photosensitivity. Further studies are warranted to characterize and optimize intratumor delivery. Lasers Surg. 50:476–482, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Generalizations of Cantor's theorem in
Authors: Shen Guozhen 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA set x is Dedekind infinite if there is an injection from ω into x; otherwise x is Dedekind finite. A set x is power Dedekind infinite if , the power set of x, is Dedekind infinite; otherwise x is power Dedekind finite. For a set x, let pdfin(x) be the set of all power Dedekind finite subsets of x. In this paper, we prove in (without the axiom of choice) two generalizations of Cantor's theorem (i.e., the statement that for all sets x, there are no injections from into x): The first one is that for all power Dedekind infinite sets x, there are no Dedekind finite to one maps from into pdfin(x). The second one is that for all sets , if x is infinite and there is a power Dedekind finite to one map from y into x, then there are no surjections from y onto . We also obtain some related results.
Frequency and phase correction for multiplexed edited MRS of GABA and glutathione
Authors: Mikkelsen Mark , Saleh Muhammad G. , Near Jamie , Chan Kimberly L. , Gong Tao , Harris Ashley D. , Oeltzschner Georg , Puts Nicolaas A.J. , Cecil Kim M. , Wilkinson Iain D. , Edden Richard A.E. 
Published: December 2017

PurposeDetection of endogenous metabolites using multiplexed editing substantially improves the efficiency of edited magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Multiplexed editing (i.e., performing more than one edited experiment in a single acquisition) requires a tailored, robust approach for correction of frequency and phase offsets. Here, a novel method for frequency and phase correction (FPC) based on spectral registration is presented and compared against previously presented approaches.MethodsOne simulated dataset and 40 γ‐aminobutyric acid‐/glutathione‐edited HERMES datasets acquired in vivo at three imaging centers were used to test four FPC approaches: no correction; spectral registration; spectral registration with post hoc choline‐creatine alignment; and multistep FPC. The performance of each routine for the simulated dataset was assessed by comparing the estimated frequency/phase offsets against the known values, whereas the performance for the in vivo data was assessed quantitatively by calculation of an alignment quality metric based on choline subtraction artifacts.ResultsThe multistep FPC approach returned corrections that were closest to the true values for the simulated dataset. Alignment quality scores were on average worst for no correction, and best for multistep FPC in both the γ‐aminobutyric acid‐ and glutathione‐edited spectra in the in vivo data.ConclusionsMultistep FPC results in improved correction of frequency/phase errors in multiplexed γ‐aminobutyric acid‐/glutathione‐edited magnetic resonance spectroscopy experiments. The optimal FPC strategy is experiment‐specific, and may even be dataset‐specific. Magn Reson Med 80:21–28, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Phenotyping the detrusor underactivity: Is it more important than categorizing the symptomatic presentation of detrusor underactivity?
Authors: Lee Bora , Kim Jae Heon 
Published: December 2017

AimsRecently, [Brown et al Neurourol Urodyn. 36:1151–1154, 2017] reported a remarkable study regarding detrusor underactivity (DU) by categorizing the possible phenotypes. Although this study presents novel findings on the possible phenotypes, several points need to be clarified further for a better understanding.MethodsThe methodology, especially regarding categorizing the phenotypes has been reviewed and comments have been added for better understanding of their study.ResultsTo better understand novel results of their study, several points have to be considered, which include cluster analysis and categorization according to symptomatic presentations.ConclusionsPhenotyping by either etiologies or covariates and by syndromic presentations is not easy. Due to the aging features, multiple factors are needed during interpretation of the categorized phenotypes. Considering the advantage of the clinical benefit from the patient's viewpoint, categorization of syndromic symptomatic presentation using multiple validated tools including patient‐reported outcomes is needed.
A data‐driven approximate solution to the model‐free HJB equation
Authors: Huang Zhijian , Li Yudong , Zhang Cheng , Wu Gang , Liu Yihua , Chen Yuli 
Published: December 2017

SummaryIt is generally impossible to analytically solve the Hamilton‐Jacobi‐Bellman (HJB) equation of an optimal control system. With the coming of the big‐data era, this paper first derives a new data‐driven and model‐free Hamilton function for the HJB equation. Then, a data‐driven tracking differentiator method is proposed to solve the Hamilton function. Finally, the simulation for a classic example shows that the optimal control policy can be approximated with the proposed method. Thus, an online data‐driven model‐free approximate solution to the HJB equation is achieved. This method is only driven by the measured system states. All other variables and derivatives can be derived from the data‐driven model‐free Hamilton function and tracking differentiator. The method has a complete mathematical support and works like a controller. It does not need neural networks and has no training or iterative convergence problem. Thus, this paper adds an online data‐driven model‐free method to the existing literature on the approximate solution to the HJB equation.
Piecewise affine approximations for quality modeling and control of perishable foods
Authors: Xin Jianbin , Negenborn Rudy R. , Lin Xiao 
Published: December 2017

SummaryThis paper proposes a new methodology for modeling and controlling quality degradation of perishable foods when zero‐order kinetics are considered. This methodology approximates the nonlinear model of the zero‐order quality kinetics using the piecewise affine (PWA) modeling representation. For obtaining a proper PWA model, two state‐of‐the‐art methods are discussed, and eventually, a hybrid identification‐based PWA model is considered after the comparison. This PWA model is then transformed into a computational mixed logical dynamical model, based on which an optimal control strategy is proposed that balances food quality and associated energy consumption. Furthermore, a model predictive control is proposed for improving energy efficiency when a dynamical weather environment is considered. Simulation experiments illustrate the potentials of the proposed optimal controller and the model predictive controller in a case study involving the bighead carp.
Bureaucratization and administrative development in Africa: A reading of Riggs' theory of prismatic society
Authors: Ikeanyibe Okechukwu M. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryPoor bureaucratization in prismatic (transitional) societies is attributed to malintegration of the ideal bureaucratic principles with subsisting traditional sociocultural features by Fred Riggs. Riggs has been severely criticized on many fronts, yet aspects of his theory remain relevant towards explaining persistent poor administrative behaviour in most African countries. This article applies Riggs' notion of poly‐communalism and poly‐normativism to explain the contribution of low state identity to persistent poor administrative behaviour in Africa. Historical institutionalism theory is also used to attempt at resolving the challenge of equilibrium for which Riggs' theory is commonly criticized. The author avers that communalism, a value that supports group interest in a traditional society, subsists in most poly‐communal transitional African countries, leading to distortions in administrative behaviour. A good number of African countries were mobilized through colonialism but poorly assimilated, thus lacking strong common state identity, which leads to ineffective public administration. The article suggests that resolving the trapping of the administrative system in Africa requires resolving the challenge of poly‐communalism and lack of common identity among a state population.
Targeting early PKCθ‐dependent T‐cell infiltration of dystrophic muscle reduces disease severity in a mouse model of muscular dystrophy
Authors: Lozanoska‐Ochser Biliana , Benedetti Anna , Rizzo Giuseppe , Marrocco Valeria , Di Maggio Rosanna , Fiore Piera , Bouche Marina 
Published: December 2017

AbstractChronic muscle inflammation is a critical feature of Duchenne muscular dystrophy and contributes to muscle fibre injury and disease progression. Although previous studies have implicated T cells in the development of muscle fibrosis, little is known about their role during the early stages of muscular dystrophy. Here, we show that T cells are among the first cells to infiltrate mdx mouse dystrophic muscle, prior to the onset of necrosis, suggesting an important role in early disease pathogenesis. Based on our comprehensive analysis of the kinetics of the immune response, we further identify the early pre‐necrotic stage of muscular dystrophy as the relevant time frame for T‐cell‐based interventions. We focused on protein kinase C θ (PKCθ, encoded by Prkcq), a critical regulator of effector T‐cell activation, as a potential target to inhibit T‐cell activity in dystrophic muscle. Lack of PKCθ not only reduced the frequency and number of infiltrating T cells but also led to quantitative and qualitative changes in the innate immune cell infiltrate in mdx/Prkcq−/− muscle. These changes were due to the inhibition of T cells, since PKCθ was necessary for T‐cell but not for myeloid cell infiltration of acutely injured muscle. Targeting T cells with a PKCθ inhibitor early in the disease process markedly diminished the size of the inflammatory cell infiltrate and resulted in reduced muscle damage. Moreover, diaphragm necrosis and fibrosis were also reduced following treatment. Overall, our findings identify the early T‐cell infiltrate as a therapeutic target and highlight the potential of PKCθ inhibition as a therapeutic approach to muscular dystrophy. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intercalation structure and toughening mechanism of graphene/urea‐formaldehyde nanocomposites prepared via in situ polymerization
Authors: Wu Buyong , Ye Lin , Liu Yalong , Zhao Xiaowen 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBased on the industrialized graphene (GN) product, a series of graphene/urea‐formaldehyde nanocomposites were synthesized via in situ polymerization by incorporation of silicon coupling agent with terminal amino groups (SA) as the compatibilizer. The results showed that addition of SA coupling agent led to much more efficient grafting of UF molecules on the GN surface with high layer thickness by formation of hydrogen bonding, and thus complete exfoliation and uniform dispersion of GN were achieved for the composites. Compared with neat UF, the addition of 1.0 wt% GN resulted in a roughly 25% increase in tensile strength and 12% increase in impact strength; meanwhile the impact fracture surfaces of the composite showed obvious ductile fracture characteristics, indicating the reinforcing and toughening effect of GN on the UF matrix. With increasing GN content, the storage modulus, glass transition temperature and crosslinking density of UF increased, while the tan δmax decreased, suggesting that a double crosslinking network structure with GN centered crosslinking point and chemical crosslinking point of UF molecular chains formed, leading to improvement in the stiffness of the composites. The present work showed promising potential for developing high performance UF resin on an industrial scale. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry