bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Derivation and validation of a risk scoring model to predict advanced colorectal neoplasm in adults of all ages
Authors: Yang Hyo‐Joon , Choi Sungkyoung , Park Soo‐Kyung , Jung Yoon Suk , Choi Kyu Yong , Park Taesung , Kim Ji Yeon , Park Dong Il 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackground and AimsLittle is known about how to include adults < 50 years in colonoscopy screening. This study aimed to derive a risk‐scoring model incorporating laboratory indicators for metabolic risks to predict advanced colorectal neoplasia (ACN) in asymptomatic Korean adults both younger and older than 50 years.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, 70 812 consecutive adult recipients of a screening colonoscopy in a single health check‐up center in Korea between 2003 and 2012 were enrolled. A risk score model was developed using multiple logistic regression model and internally validated.ResultsOverall prevalence of ACN was 1.4% (956/70 812). A 15‐point score model was developed to comprise age, sex, family history of colorectal cancer, smoking, body mass index, serum levels of fasting glucose, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and carcinoembryonic antigen. Based on the score, the validation cohort could be categorized into five risk groups (low, borderline, moderate, high, and very high) with an ACN prevalence of 0.7%, 1.3%, 2.7%, 6.6%, and 13.2%, respectively. Compared with the borderline risk group, the low‐risk group showed a 50.3% reduced risk of ACN. Meanwhile, the moderate, high, and very high risk groups showed 2, 5, and 10‐fold increased risk of ACN. The score showed significantly superior discriminative power than the Asian‐Pacific colorectal screening score (P = 0.003).ConclusionsOur scoring model based on both clinical and laboratory risk factors is useful for the prediction of ACN. This score may be used to include adults < 50 years in colonoscopy screening.
Association of antenatal antithrombin activity with perinatal liver dysfunction: A prospective multicenter study
Authors: Morikawa Mamoru , Suzuki Hirotada , Obata‐Yasuoka Mana , Kasai Michi , Itoh Hiroaki , Ohkuchi Akihide , Hamada Hiromi , Aoki Shigeru , Kanayama Naohiro , Minakami Hisanori 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackground and AimLiver dysfunction with decreased antithrombin (AT) activity and/or thrombocytopenia is life threatening in pregnant women. Whether AT is clinically useful for prediction of liver dysfunction remains unclear.MethodsA total of 541 women were registered prospectively at gestational week 34.7 (20.0–41.4) with available data on antenatal AT and platelet count (PLC).ResultsLiver dysfunction defined as serum aspartate aminotransferase > 45 IU/L concomitant with lactate dehydrogenase > 400 IU/L occurred in five women antenatally (≤ 2 weeks before delivery) and in 17 women post‐partum (within 1 week post‐partum). Median (5th–95th) antenatal value was 85 (62–110)% for AT and 202 (118–315) × 109/L for PLC in the 541 women and was significantly lower in women with than without perinatal liver dysfunction; 75 (51–108) versus 86 (62–110)% and 179 (56–244) versus 203 (121–316) × 109/L, respectively. Nineteen (86%) women with liver dysfunction showed AT ≤ 62% or thrombocytopenia (PLC ≤ 118 × 109/L) perinatally, but five lacked thrombocytopenia throughout the perinatal period. The best cut‐off (AT, 77%; PLC, 139 × 109/L) suggested by receiver operating characteristic curve gave antenatal AT and PLC sensitivity of 59% and 41% with positive predictive value of 8.6% and 14%, respectively, and combined use of AT and PLC improved sensitivity to 73% (16/22) with positive predictive value of 9.2% for prediction of perinatal liver dysfunction.ConclusionsReduced AT not accompanied by thrombocytopenia can precede liver dysfunction. Clinical introduction of AT may enhance the safety of pregnant women.
Is Polypharmacy Associated with Frailty in Older People? Results From the ESTHER Cohort Study
Authors: Saum Kai‐Uwe , Schöttker Ben , Meid Andreas D. , Holleczek Bernd , Haefeli Walter E. , Hauer Klaus , Brenner Hermann 
Published: December 2016

ObjectivesTo investigate the relationship between polypharmacy and frailty.DesignLongitudinal, observational cohort study.SettingSaarland, Germany.Participants3,058 community‐dwelling adults aged between 57 and 84 years.MeasurementsFrailty was assessed according to the frailty phenotype, described by Fried et al. Polypharmacy and hyperpolypharmacy were defined as the concomitant use of five or more and 10 or more drugs, respectively. We assessed associations between polypharmacy and prevalent and incident frailty within 3 years of follow‐up by logistic regression models controlled for multiple potential confounders including comorbidity. Additionally, cubic splines were used to assess dose–response associations.ResultsPolypharmacy was reported in 39.1% (n = 1,194), and hyperpolypharmacy in 8.9% (n = 273) of participants. Prevalent frailty was present in 271 (8.9%) participants; 186 (9.3%) of 1,998 non‐frail participants with follow‐up data became frail within 3 years. After adjustment, polypharmacy and hyperpolypharmacy were associated with prevalent frailty with adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) of 2.30 (1.60–3.31) and 4.97 (2.97–8.32), respectively. Polypharmacy (odds ratio (OR) 1.51 (1.05–2.16)) and hyperpolypharmacy (OR 1.90 (1.10–3.28)) were also independent predictors of incident frailty. Furthermore, there was a moderate exposure–response relationship between the number of medicines and prevalent as well as incident frailty.ConclusionOur study showed that polypharmacy is associated with frailty. Further research should address the potential benefit of reducing of inappropriate polypharmacy and better pharmacotherapeutic management for preventing medication‐associated frailty.
How Does Performance Feedback Affect Boundary Spanning in Multinational Corporations? Insights from Technology Scouts
Authors: Klueter Thomas , Monteiro Felipe 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAs much as prior research has shed light on the boundary‐spanning processes of global organizations and their (positive) impact on an MNC's performance, whether, when and how past performance ultimately shapes an MNC's boundary‐spanning activities remains an open question in management research. To tackle these questions, we examine the behaviour of technology scouts in global organizations who span organizational and national boundaries to tap into novel knowledge and span internal boundaries to present this knowledge to constituents inside the MNC. Drawing on the behavioural theory of the firm, we propose that the intensity of organizational boundary spanning, the likelihood of spanning national boundaries and the way technology scouts span internal boundaries to engage with members inside the organization are sensitive to how the MNC has performed relative to its aspirations. We support our theoretical expositions with insights gained from interviewing senior industry professionals with direct experience in technology scouting in MNCs.
Are Managers Motivated to Explore in the Face of a New Technological Change? The Role of Regulatory Focus, Fit, and Complexity of Decision‐Making
Authors: Ahmadi Saeedeh , Khanagha Saeed , Berchicci Luca , Jansen Justin J. P. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWe develop a psychological perspective on managers’ exploration orientation. Our study suggests that the regulatory focus of managers may in different ways, impact their orientation toward search, risk‐taking, and experimentation. Moreover, we argue that these relationships are contingent not only on the extent to which the organizational context fits with the motivational disposition of managers, but also on the complexity of decision‐making. Using an experimental setting, we find that managers’ regulatory focus affects their willingness to experiment with a wide range of alternatives and to deviate from existing best practices. Moreover, the promotion focus of managers heightens their exploration orientation in an organizational context with promotion‐focused cues in highly complex decision‐making. This study has important implications for our understanding of managers’ exploration orientation under conditions of complexity.
Rethinking ‘Top‐Down’ and ‘Bottom‐Up’ Roles of Top and Middle Managers in Organizational Change: Implications for Employee Support
Authors: Heyden Mariano L. M. , Fourné Sebastian P. L. , Koene Bastiaan A. S. , Werkman Renate , Ansari Shahzad (Shaz) 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn this study we integrate insights from ‘top‐down’ and ‘bottom‐up’ traditions in organizational change research to understand employees’ varying dispositions to support change. We distinguish between change initiation and change execution roles and identify four possible role configurations in which top managers (TMs) and middle managers (MMs) can feature in change. We contend that both TMs and MMs can play change initiation and/or change execution roles, TMs and MMs have different strengths and limitations for taking on different change roles, and their relative strengths and limitations are compounded or attenuated based on the specific configuration of change roles. We subsequently hypothesize employee support for change in relation to different TM‐MM change role configurations. Our findings show that change initiated by TMs does not engender above‐average level of employee support. However, change initiated by MMs engenders above‐average level of employee support, and even more so, if TMs handle the change execution.
Colonization of Fungi and Bacteria in Stumps and Roots of Scots Pine after Thinning and Treatment with Rotstop
Authors: Kubiak Katarzyna , Damszel Marta , Sikora Katarzyna , Przemieniecki Sebastian , Małecka Monika , Sierota Zbigniew 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe research areas were located in the Pisz Forest District, northeast Poland, in 10‐year‐old Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) plantations, established in 2004 on a clear‐cut area. Reforestation was performed without a biological treatment against root pathogens, despite the presence of Heterobasidion annosum and Armillaria ostoyae in roots and stumps of trees growing previously. The aim of this research was to evaluate how thinning and treatment with the biological control agent Rotstop influences bacterial and fungal communities within roots and stumps. Twelve months after thinning, samples were collected from five stumps in each of two seasons, autumn and spring, from stands on two types of site, one previously forested and one agricultural (20 stumps in total). Wood samples were cultured on agar media, and (i) fungi in the upper part of the stump and (ii) in roots and (iii) bacteria in roots were genetically identified. Sequences were genetically identified by comparing sequences with records held in the GenBank database. We found great differences in the frequency of both fungi and bacteria in roots: they were more frequent (i) in healthy stumps compared to stumps infected with pathogens (H. annosum and A. ostoyae), (ii) in postagricultural soil than in forest soil and (iii) after spring rather than autumn biological treatment. The introduced species Phlebiopsis gigantea was only identified in the parts of the stumps which were above ground level. The bacterium Paenibacillus pini was associated with the presence of H. annosum infecting the stumps from the roots side. In areas seriously threatened by root pathogens, biological treatment can play only a limited role. It can spread to the upper part and impede the production of fruitbodies; however, it has no impact on the development of pathogens in deeper root areas.
Interindividual differences in the dynamics of the homeostatic process are trait‐like and distinct for sleep versus wakefulness
Authors: Rusterholz Thomas , Tarokh Leila , Van Dongen Hans P. A. , Achermann Peter 
Published: December 2016

SummaryThe sleep homeostatic Process S reflects the build‐up of sleep pressure during waking and its dissipation during sleep. Process S is modelled as a saturating exponential function during waking and a decreasing exponential function during sleep. Slow wave activity is a physiological marker for non‐rapid eye movement (non‐REM) sleep intensity and serves as an index of Process S. There is considerable interindividual variability in the sleep homeostatic responses to sleep and sleep deprivation. The aim of this study was to investigate whether interindividual differences in Process S are trait‐like. Polysomnographic recordings of 8 nights (12‐h sleep opportunities, 22:00–10:00 hours) interspersed with three 36‐h periods of sustained wakefulness were performed in 11 healthy young adults. Empirical mean slow wave activity per non‐REM sleep episode at episode mid‐points were used for parameter estimation. Parameters of Process S were estimated using different combinations of consecutive sleep recordings, resulting in two to three sets of parameters per subject. Intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated to assess whether the parameters were stable across the study protocol and they showed trait‐like variability among individuals. We found that the group‐average time constants of the build‐up and dissipation of Process S were 19.2 and 2.7 h, respectively. Intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.48 to 0.56, which reflects moderate trait variability. The time constants of the build‐up and dissipation varied independently among subjects, indicating two distinct traits. We conclude that interindividual differences in the parameters of the dynamics of the sleep homeostatic Process S are trait‐like.
Quality of life in patients with an idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder in Korea
Authors: Kim Keun Tae , Motamedi Gholam K. , Cho Yong Won 
Published: December 2016

SummaryThere have been few quality of life studies in patients with idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder. We compared the quality of life in idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder patients to healthy controls, patients with hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus without complication and idiopathic restless legs syndrome. Sixty patients with idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder (24 female; mean age: 61.43 ± 8.99) were enrolled retrospectively. The diagnosis was established based on sleep history, overnight polysomnography, neurological examination and Mini‐Mental State Examination to exclude secondary rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder. All subjects completed questionnaires, including the Short Form 36‐item Health Survey for quality of life. The total quality of life score in idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder (70.63 ± 20.83) was lower than in the healthy control group (83.38 ± 7.96) but higher than in the hypertension (60.55 ± 24.82), diabetes mellitus (62.42 ± 19.37) and restless legs syndrome (61.77 ± 19.25) groups. The total score of idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder patients had a negative correlation with the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (r = −0.498, P < 0.001), Insomnia Severity Index (r = −0.645, P < 0.001) and the Beck Depression Inventory‐2 (r = −0.694, P < 0.001). Multiple regression showed a negative correlation between the Short Form 36‐item Health Survey score and the Insomnia Severity Index (β = −1.100, P = 0.001) and Beck Depression Inventory‐2 (β = −1.038, P < 0.001). idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder had a significant negative impact on quality of life, although this effect was less than that of other chronic disorders. This negative effect might be related to a depressive mood associated with the disease.
Human roughness perception and possible factors effecting roughness sensation
Authors: Aktar Tugba , Chen Jianshe , Ettelaie Rammile , Holmes Melvin , Henson Brian 
Published: December 2016

AbstractSurface texture sensation is significant for business success, in particular for solid surfaces for most of the materials; including foods. Mechanisms of roughness perception are still unknown, especially under different conditions such as lubricants with varying viscosities, different temperatures, or under different force loads during the observation of the surface. This work aims to determine the effect of those unknown factors, with applied sensory tests on 62 healthy participants. Roughness sensation of fingertip was tested under different lubricants including water and diluted syrup solutions at room temperature (25C) and body temperature (37C) by using simple pair‐wise comparison to observe the just noticeable difference threshold and perception levels. Additionally, in this research applied force load during roughness observation was tested with pair‐wise ranking method to illustrate its possible effect on human sensation. Obtained results showed that human's capability of roughness discrimination reduces with increased viscosity of the lubricant, where the influence of the temperature was not found to be significant. Moreover, the increase in the applied force load showed an increase in the sensitivity of roughness discrimination. Observed effects of the applied factors were also used for estimating the oral sensation of texture during eating. These findings are significant for our fundamental understanding to texture perception, and for the development of new food products with controlled textural features.Practical applicationsTexture discrimination ability, more specifically roughness discrimination capability, is a significant factor for preference and appreciation for a wide range of materials, including food, furniture, or fabric. To explore the mechanism of sensation capability through tactile senses, it is necessary to identify the relevant factors and define characteristics that dominate the process involved. The results that will be obtained under these principles will be helpful for the industry in the development and optimization of new products, especially for the individuals' with special needs. With this exploratory study, we illustrate differential thresholds of tactile senses under changing conditions of surface lubrication and applied force load. Also, the tests were carried out under different temperatures to understand the oral sensation capability. The results and correlations may provide useful information about texture sensitivity and also methodologies could be applied to general sensory studies.
Neutrophil Gelatinase‐Associated Lipocalin in Cats with Naturally Occurring Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Wang I.‐C. , Hsu W.‐L. , Wu P.‐H. , Yin H.‐Y. , Tsai H.‐J. , Lee Y.‐J. 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundNeutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a biomarker for the early prediction of renal damage and the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in humans and dogs.HypothesisNeutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin also may play a role in the progression ofCKDin cats.AnimalsEightyCKDand 18 control cats.MethodsCats were categorized into different stages according to the International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) staging system. Urine and plasma samples were collected and tested forNGALconcentrations using an in‐house sandwichELISAsystem and urinaryNGAL(uNGAL)‐to‐creatinine ratio (UNCR) was determined. Cats in which serum creatinine concentration increased by >0.5 mg/dL from baseline within 30 days were defined as exhibiting progression.ResultsThe urinaryNGALandUNCRofCKDcats were significantly higher than those of healthy cats (P< .05) and were highly correlated with serum creatinine concentration. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) foruNGAL, when predicting the progression ofCKD, was 0.71 and the best cutoff value was 2.06 ng/mLwith a sensitivity of 76.9% and a specificity of 75%. TheAUROCforUNCRwhen predicting the progression ofCKDwas 0.79 and the best cutoff value was 4.08 × 10−6with a sensitivity of 76.9% and specificity of 79.2%. Cats withUNCRvalues higher than their cutoffs experienced significantly faster deterioration with a median of 19 days.ConclusionsBoth urinaryNGALandUNCRare useful markers for the prediction ofCKDprogression in cats.
Severity of Nasal Inflammatory Disease Questionnaire for Canine Idiopathic Rhinitis Control: Instrument Development and Initial Validity Evidence
Authors: Greene L.M. , Royal K.D. , Bradley J.M. , Lascelles B.D.X. , Johnson L.R. , Hawkins E.C. 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundEffective treatments are needed for idiopathic chronic rhinitis in dogs, but assessment of efficacy requires a practical, quantifiable method for assessing severity of disease.ObjectivesTo develop and perform initial validity and reliability testing of an owner‐completed questionnaire for assessing clinical signs and dog and owner quality of life (QOL) in canine chronic rhinitis.AnimalsTwenty‐two dogs with histopathologically confirmed chronic rhinitis and 72 healthy dogs.MethodsIn this prospective study, an online questionnaire was created based on literature review and feedback from veterinarians, veterinary internists with respiratory expertise, and owners of dogs with rhinitis. Owners of affected dogs completed the questionnaire twice, 1 week apart, to test reliability. Healthy dogs were assessed once. Data were analyzed using the Rasch Rating Scale Model, and results were interpreted using Messick's framework for evaluating construct validity evidence.ResultsInitial item generation resulted in 5 domains: nasal signs, paranasal signs, global rhinitis severity, and dog's and owner's QOL. A 25‐item questionnaire was developed using 5‐point Likert‐type scales. No respondent found the questionnaire difficult to complete. Strong psychometric evidence was available to support the substantive, generalizability, content, and structural aspects of construct validity. Statistical differences were found between responses for affected and control dogs for all but 2 items. These items were eliminated, resulting in the 23‐item Severity of Nasal Inflammatory Disease (SNIFLD) questionnaire.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe SNIFLD questionnaire provides a mechanism for repeated assessments of disease severity in dogs with chronic rhinitis.
Effect of Dexamethasone on Resting Blood Lactate Concentrations in Horses
Authors: Mizen K. , Woodman J. , Boysen S.R. , Wagg C. , Greco‐Otto P. , Léguillette R. , Roy M.‐F. 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundBlood lactate concentration is a marker of tissue perfusion and helps guide therapeutic interventions in critically ill horses. In both humans and dogs, administration of corticosteroids can increase blood lactate concentration, leading to type B hyperlactatemia. This effect could be a consequence of the impact of corticosteroids on glucose metabolism.ObjectivesTo investigate the effects of daily IM dexamethasone administration on blood lactate and glucose concentrations in horses.AnimalsNine healthy adult horses.MethodsA randomized, blinded, controlled, cross‐over study design was used. Horses were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups, either receiving 0.05 mg/kg of dexamethasone IM or an equivalent volume of saline, daily for 7 days. Blood was collected to determine lactate and glucose concentrations at baseline, 2 hours after the daily injections and 24 hours after the last injection.ResultsDexamethasone treatment had a statistically significant effect on lactate (P = .006) and glucose (P = .033) concentrations. The least squares mean lactate concentration was 0.93 mmol/L (95% CI: 0.87–0.99) in the dexamethasone group compared to 0.71 mmol/L (95% CI: 0.70–0.73) for the saline group. A positive relationship between blood lactate and glucose concentrations was identified, with a 0.07 mmol/L (95% CI: 0.05–0.09) increase in lactate concentration per unit increase in glucose (P < .0001) concentration.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceDexamethasone induces statistically significant increases in blood lactate and glucose concentrations in healthy horses. Awareness of the potential for corticosteroids to induce type B hyperlactatemia might be important in the management of critically ill horses receiving dexamethasone.