bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Model Longitudinal Observation Medicine Curriculum for an Emergency Medicine Residency
Authors: Wheatley Matthew , Baugh Christopher , Osborne Anwar , Clark Carol , Shayne Philip , Ross Michael 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe role of observation services for emergency department patients has increased in recent years. Driven by changing health care practices and evolving payer policies, many hospitals in the United States currently have or are developing an observation unit (OU) and emergency physicians are most often expected to manage patients in this setting. Yet, few residency programs dedicate a portion of their clinical curriculum to observation medicine. This knowledge set should be integrated into the core training curriculum of emergency physicians. Presented here is a model observation medicine longitudinal training curriculum, which can be integrated into an emergency medicine (EM) residency. It was developed by a consensus of content experts representing the observation medicine interest group and observation medicine section, respectively, from EM's two major specialty societies: the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine (SAEM) and the American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP). The curriculum consists of didactic, clinical, and self‐directed elements. It is longitudinal, with learning objectives for each year of training, focusing initially on the basic principles of observation medicine and appropriate observation patient selection; moving to the management of various observation appropriate conditions; and then incorporating further concepts of OU management, billing, and administration. This curriculum is flexible and designed to be used in both academic and community EM training programs within the United States. Additionally, scholarly opportunities, such as elective rotations and fellowship training, are explored.
miRNA Regulation of Immune Tolerance in Early Pregnancy
Authors: Schjenken John E. , Zhang Bihong , Chan Hon Y. , Sharkey David J. , Fullston Tod , Robertson Sarah A. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractTo support embryo implantation, the female reproductive tract must provide a tolerogenic immune environment. Seminal fluid contact at conception contributes to activating the endometrial gene expression and immune cell changes required for robust implantation, influencing not only the quality of the ensuing pregnancy but also the health of offspring. miRNAs are small non‐coding RNAs that play important regulatory roles in biological processes, including regulation of the immune environment. miRNAs are known to contribute to gene regulation in pregnancy and are altered in pregnancy pathologies. Recent studies indicate that miRNAs participate in establishing immune tolerance at conception, and may contribute to the regulatory effects of seminal fluid in generating tolerogenic dendritic cells and T regulatory cells. This review highlights those miRNAs implicated in programming immune cells that are critical during the peri‐conception period and explores how seminal fluid may regulate female tract miRNA expression following coitus.
Farmers' perceptions of health in the Riverland region of South Australia: ‘If it's broke, fix it'
Authors: Rawolle Tessa A. , Sadauskas David , van Kessel Gisela , Dollman James 
Published: January 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo explore perceptions of health among South Australian farmers.DesignDescriptive qualitative study, using semi‐structured interviews.SettingTwo rural towns in the Riverland region of South Australia.ParticipantsFifteen adults involved in farming within the Riverland region of South Australia, from a variety of farming industries; age range 23–70 years old; 53% male, 47% female.Main outcome measuresPerceptions and definitions of health.ResultsParticipants described an ecological understanding of health across individual, farm, and community domains. Participants perceived health as being able to function and complete farm work. Participants reported that farm work helped to maintain fitness, but the multiple stress and hazards associated with farming had a significant influence on health. Participants described how health was influenced by community activities and social support from friends and families. Women were reported to take a lead role in health.ConclusionsHealth providers can frame interventions to resonate with the perceptions of health held by people, shaped and formed by the context of farming. Further research is needed to explore farmers' perceptions of health in different locations, from different industries and from a range of age groups.
Electrolyte composition of retro‐oil fluid and silicone oil‐related visual loss
Authors: Scheerlinck Laura M. E. , Kuiper Jonas J. W. , Liem Albert T. A. , Schellekens Peter A. W. J. F. , van Leeuwen Redmer 
Published: January 2016

AbstractPurposeUp to one‐third of patients with intra‐ocular silicone oil (SO) tamponade for complex macula‐on retinal detachment may experience an unexplained visual loss during or after SO tamponade. Although the underlying mechanism is unknown, previous studies suggested that accumulation of retinal potassium could be involved. Hence, this study tested the hypothesis that intra‐ocular potassium levels are elevated during SO tamponade.MethodsA prospective cohort study was carried out from 13 October 2013 through 5 March 2015. Potassium, sodium, magnesium, chloride, calcium, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glucose levels were measured in retro‐oil fluid and paired serum from 16 patients undergoing oil removal, including two patients with SO‐related visual loss (SORVL). Vitreous humour and paired serum from 27 patients with macular hole (n = 19) or floaters (n = 8) served as controls.ResultsMedian potassium levels in retro‐oil fluid and vitreous humour were similar. Magnesium and chloride levels were lower in retro‐oil fluid compared with vitreous humour (p < 0.01) and LDH levels were elevated in retro‐oil fluid (p < 0.0001). One of the two patients with SORVL revealed abnormal high potassium and magnesium levels. The other patient had normal levels.ConclusionPotassium levels are not increased in retro‐oil fluid during SO tamponade, making the ‘potassium accumulation’ hypothesis unlikely. The disturbance in magnesium concentration during SO tamponade warrants further investigation.
Evidence against ZNF469 being causative for keratoconus in Polish patients
Authors: Karolak Justyna A. , Gambin Tomasz , Rydzanicz Malgorzata , Szaflik Jacek P. , Polakowski Piotr , Frajdenberg Agata , Mrugacz Malgorzata , Podfigurna‐Musielak Monika , Stankiewicz Pawel , Gajecka Marzena 
Published: January 2016

AbstractPurposeKeratoconus (KTCN) is a degenerative disorder characterized by stromal thinning and protrusion of the cornea, resulting in severe impairment of visual function. A recent study proposed that rare heterozygous mutations in ZNF469 determine KTCN aetiology.MethodsTo investigate the contribution of ZNF469 to KTCN, we Sanger sequenced ZNF469 in 42 unrelated Polish patients with KTCN and 49 Polish individuals with high myopia (HM) and compared the results with whole‐exome sequencing (WES) data performed in 268 Polish individuals without ocular abnormalities.ResultsThe average number of ZNF469 non‐synonymous variants was 16.31 and 16.0 for individuals with KTCN and HM, respectively (p = 0.3724). All identified variants were previously reported. Alternative allele frequency (AAF) was determined based on the WES results. Among missense variants, only one (rs528085780) has AAF ≤ 0.001 and was identified in one patient with sporadic KTCN. However, the resulting Arg1864Lys substitution was not predicted to be deleterious.ConclusionIn summary, we have not found a significant enrichment of sequence variants in ZNF469 in Polish patients with KTCN. High prevalence of ZNF469 variants identified in our KTCN group is typical for a common genetic variation observed in general population. Our findings indicate that variation in ZNF469 is not responsible for KTCN and other genetic variants are involved in the development and progression of this disease in Polish patients.
A window to beyond the orbit: the value of optical coherence tomography in non‐ocular disease
Authors: Cameron James R. , Tatham Andrew J. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractOptical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging of the eye has become an essential tool for the ophthalmologist, aiding diagnosis and assisting with treatment decisions, in many ocular diseases. However, there is an evolving role for OCT in informing on non‐ocular diseases, which ophthalmologists should be aware of. The purpose of this review was to examine recent evidence for the role of ocular OCT imaging to evaluate disease beyond the orbit and to discuss possible opportunities and challenges arising from this, from the perspective of the ophthalmologist.
Comparing the short‐term outcomes of laparoscopic distal gastrectomy with D1+ and D2 lymph node dissection for gastric cancer
Authors: Goto Hironobu , Yasuda Takashi , Oshikiri Taro , Kanaji Shingo , Kawasaki Kentaro , Imanishi Tatsuya , Oyama Masato , Kakinoki Keitaro , Ohara Tadayuki , Sendo Hiroyoshi , Fujino Yasuhiro , Tominaga Masahiro , Kakeji Yoshihiro 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIntroductionLaparoscopic distal gastrectomy (LDG) with D1+ lymph node dissection (LND) for early gastric cancer has been widely accepted. However, LDG with D2 LND for advanced gastric cancer remains in limited use. The aim of this retrospective study was to clarify the safety of LDG with D2 LND for gastric cancer.MethodsFrom January 2010 to September 2014, 296 patients underwent LDG; those who received D1+ LND (n = 230) or D2 LND (n = 66) were included in this study. The clinicopathological characteristics and short‐term outcomes of both groups were investigated and compared.ResultsThere were no significant differences in the incidence of postoperative complications between the two groups. However, the frequency of infectious intra‐abdominal complications was higher in the D2 LND group than in the D1+ LND group. Additionally, a lower risk of infectious intra‐abdominal complications was seen with certified than with uncertified operators.ConclusionThe evaluation of short‐term outcomes demonstrated that LDG with D2 LND is generally feasible. However, the risk of infectious intra‐abdominal complications is higher with D2 LND than with D1+ LND. Also, D2 LND should be performed by trained operators.
Effects of glutathione on sperm quality during liquid storage in boars
Authors: Zhang Xiao‐Gang , Liu Qi. , Wang Li‐Qiang , Yang Gong‐She , Hu Jian‐Hong 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different concentrations of glutathione in Modena on boar sperm quality during liquid storage at 17°C. Boar semen samples were collected and diluted with Modena containing different concentrations (0, 1, 5, 10, 15 mmol/L) of glutathione. Sperm motility, effective survival period, plasma membrane integrity, acrosome integrity, total antioxidant capacity (T‐AOC) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content were measured and analyzed. The results showed that Modena supplemented with 1, 5 and 10 mmol/L glutathione improved sperm motility, effective survival period, plasma membrane integrity and T‐AOC, and decreased MDA content and H2O2 content. Meanwhile, the semen sample diluted with Modena containing 1 mmol/L glutathione achieved optimum effect, and effective survival period was 6.1 days. After 5 days preservation, sperm motility, plasma membrane integrity and T‐AOC of the group treated with 1 mmol/L glutathione were all higher than that of other groups. Meanwhile, MDA content and H2O2 content were lower than that of other groups. In conclusion, Modena supplemented with glutathione decreased the oxidative stress and improved the quality of boar semen during liquid storage at 17°C, and 1 mmol/L concentration was the optimum concentration. © 2016 Japanese Society of Animal Science
The influence of crossbreeding on collagen solubility and tenderness of Infraspinatus and Semimembranosus muscles of semi‐intensively reared young bulls
Authors: Modzelewska‐Kapituła Monika , Nogalski Zenon , Kwiatkowska Aleksandra 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of crossbreeding on collagen content and solubility, shear force (WBSF) and the eating quality of Infraspinatus (INF) and Semimembranosus (SM) muscles of young bulls and the relationships between collagen content and solubility, shear force and the eating quality of beef. The experimental material comprised muscles of crossbred young bulls (about 600 days old) of Polish Holstein‐Friesian (PHF) × Limousine (LM) (n = 10), PHF × Charolaise (CH) (n = 9), PHF × Hereford (HER) (n = 9) breeds. The crossbreeding influenced WBSF, aroma and taste, total, water‐soluble, acid‐soluble, total soluble and insoluble collagen content, as well as the acid‐soluble, total soluble and insoluble collagen proportions. WBSF was significantly negatively correlated with sensorial tenderness and water‐soluble collagen content. The eating quality of beef obtained from different crossbreds was similar; however, the meat from PHF × LM and PHF × HER bulls had lower WBSF values than PHF × CH bulls. © 2016 Japanese Society of Animal Science
Acute Methanol Poisoning: Prevalence and Predisposing Factors of Haemorrhagic and Non‐Haemorrhagic Brain Lesions
Authors: Zakharov Sergey , Kotikova Katerina , Vaneckova Manuela , Seidl Zdenek , Nurieva Olga , Navratil Tomas , Caganova Blazena , Pelclova Daniela 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe purpose was to study the prevalence and predisposing factors of brain lesions in survivors of acute methanol poisoning. Clinical data on 106 patients with methanol poisoning were collected during the Czech mass poisoning outbreak. Of 83 survivors, in 46 (55%) patients, follow‐up examinations including magnetic resonance imaging of brain (MR) were performed 3–8 and 24–28 months after discharge from the hospital. Of 46 patients with a median age of 49 (interquartile range, 35–57) years, 24 (52%) patients had a total of 40 abnormal brain findings with haemorrhagic lesions detected in 15 (33%) and non‐haemorrhagic lesions found in 9 (19%) patients. The patients with haemorrhagic brain lesions were more acidemic (lower arterial blood pH, higher base deficit) and had higher glycaemia and lactacidaemia on admission than those without haemorrhages (all p < 0.05). Thirteen of 32 (41%) of patients with systemic anticoagulation and 2 of 14 (14%) of patients without it had haemorrhagic lesions (p = 0.080). Bleeding complications during the treatment occurred in 4 of 15 (27%) patients, and 5 of 15 (33%) patients had conditions predisposing to haemorrhage in the group with haemorrhagic lesions. In three cases with a series of computer tomography (CT)/MR performed during hospitalization, the necrotic lesions in the brain remained non‐haemorrhagic during hospitalization and haemorrhagic lesions were detected on the follow‐up MR examinations only. No association between brain haemorrhages and systemic anticoagulation during dialysis was found: brain haemorrhages might occur in severely poisoned patients treated without systemic anticoagulation, whereas treatment with high doses of heparin might not lead to brain haemorrhages.
Histopathological comparison of the onset of peri‐implantitis and periodontitis in rats
Authors: Takamori Yuzo , Atsuta Ikiru , Nakamura Hirotaka , Sawase Takashi , Koyano Kiyoshi , Hara Yoshitaka 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackground and objectiveThere are a few experimental models that clearly describe the pathological differences in tissue destruction between periodontitis and peri‐implantitis. We recently reported that the formation of immune complexes accelerates site‐specific loss of attachment and alveolar bone resorption when an antigen is topically applied in the gingival sulcus of an immunized rat. We applied this model to the peri‐implant tissues and compared peri‐implant destruction to periodontitis without using a ligature.Material and methodsTwenty‐five rats were used in this study and were divided into five groups. Implantation was performed immediately after extraction of right first molars in rats. The left first molars were left untreated to be examined as natural teeth. The immunized group consisted of rats that had received intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (LPS), whereas the nonimmunized group received only phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS). The untreated baseline group received only implantation. After intraperitoneal booster injection, half of each group received topical application of LPS in the palatal gingival sulcus daily for 3 days. The other half of the groups received PBS. Histopathological and histometrical findings were observed with hematoxylin and eosin staining, collagen fibers were observed with Azan staining, and formation of immune complexes was immunohistologically evaluated by C1qB expression.ResultPeri‐implant tissue destruction was greater in the immunized and LPS‐applied groups than in the other groups. No periodontal destruction was observed. Formation of immune complexes was observed in the junctional epithelium and adjacent connective tissue in the immunized groups.ConclusionAntigen‐induced peri‐implant tissue destruction occurs faster than periodontal tissue destruction.
miR‐142‐3p inhibits cancer cell proliferation by targeting CDC25C
Authors: Cao Xu‐Chen , Yu Yue , Hou Li‐Kun , Sun Xiao‐Hu , Ge Jie , Zhang Bin , Wang Xin 
Published: January 2016

AbstractObjectivesMicroRNAs (miRNAs) contribute to control of cell cycle progression and are frequently deregulated in cancer. The focus of this study was to determine effects of miR‐142‐3p on the cell cycle progression and cancer cell proliferation.Materials and methodsRT‐qPCR was performed to determine expression of miR‐142‐3p in a range of cancer cell lines and in clinical cancer specimens. To further understand its role, we restored its expression in cancer cell lines by transfection with miR‐142‐3p mimics or inhibitors. Effects of miR‐142‐3p on cell cycle progression and cell proliferation were also determined.ResultsmiR‐142‐3p was down‐regulated in both cancer cell lines and cancer specimens. Its overexpression suppressed proliferation, whereas its depletion promoted it. In addition, miR‐142‐3p lead to cell cycle arrest in G2/M. Moreover, CDC25C was identified as being a target of miR‐142‐3p, ectopic expression of which reversed suppression of cell proliferation.ConclusionsOur observations suggest that miR‐142‐3p functioned as a tumor suppressor by targeting CDC25C.
Mucinous carcinoma of the breast: a comparative study on cytohistological findings associated with neuroendocrine differentiation
Authors: Ohashi R. , Sakatani T. , Matsubara M. , Watarai Y. , Yanagihara K. , Yamashita K. , Tsuchiya S. , Takei H. , Naito Z. 
Published: January 2016

ObjectiveMucinous carcinoma (MCA) may show neuroendocrine differentiation (ND), but the cytological features characteristic of ND remains elusive. We compared fine needle aspiration (FNA) findings of MCA between cases with high and low degrees of ND.MethodsHistological sections of 37 MCA cases were immunohistochemically evaluated for expression of chromogranin A and synaptophysin, and were graded as 0 to 3+ degrees of ND. They were divided into low ND (grade 0 and 1+) and high ND (grade 2+ and 3+) groups. Pre‐operative FNA samples of each group were assessed for cytological features.ResultsThe mean age of the high ND group (n = 18) was higher than the low ND group (n = 19, P = 0.01). In FNA samples of the high ND group, 17 cases showed moderate to severe degrees of discohesiveness, but low ND cases mainly showed no or only mild discohesiveness (P < 0.001). Nine of the low ND cases displayed overlapped, cohesive cell clusters, whereas, in the high ND cases, the cells were arranged in a loose, flat and monolayered pattern (P = 0.045). Fourteen of the high ND cases had round nuclei, but oval nuclei were predominant in the low ND cases (P = 0.027). The nuclei were eccentrically located in 12 of the high ND cases but were centrally located in 14 of the low ND cases (P = 0.01).ConclusionsMucinous carcinoma with high ND may be diagnosed by the presence of discohesiveness, a flat, monolayered pattern, and round or eccentrically located nuclei. Features of ND in carcinomas in other organs, such as intracytoplasmic granules and coarse chromatin, may not be reliable cytological features of ND in MCA.
Spatial replacement of dung beetles in edge‐affected habitats: biotic homogenization or divergence in fragmented tropical forest landscapes?
Authors: Filgueiras Bruno K. C. , Tabarelli Marcelo , Leal Inara R. , Vaz‐de‐Mello Fernando Z. , Peres Carlos A. , Iannuzzi Luciana 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAimIn this study, we investigate whether anthropogenic land use and habitat fragmentation lead to a process of either homogenization (decreasing spatial replacement and increasing nestedness) or divergence (increasing spatial replacement and decreasing nestedness) of dung beetle assemblages in edge‐affected habitats.LocationA fragmented landscape of the Atlantic forest of north‐east Brazil.MethodsWe investigate the extent to which beta diversity of dung beetle assemblages varies in edge‐affected habitats at different spatial scales (i.e. traps along an interior–exterior nonlinear gradient, within and among habitats). We compare species replacement and nestedness of dung beetle assemblages using (1) multiple dissimilarity measures accounting for compositional heterogeneity across forest (i.e. forest edges, core primary forest areas and small fragments) and matrix habitats (i.e. sugar cane plantations and pastures) and (2) distance matrices accounting for the multivariate structure of dissimilarity.Results(1) Each habitat supported a distinct dung beetle assemblage; (2) there was a strong influence of anthropogenic land use and fragmentation‐related effects on dung beetle β‐diversity, with species replacements increasing in edge‐affected and matrix habitats providing support for the divergence hypothesis at all spatial scales; (3) edge effects enhanced species replacement across assemblages; (4) dung beetle assemblages were not randomly distributed, with habitat type leading to a strongly nested pattern of species composition; and (5) both dung beetle replacement and nestedness were not correlated with geographic distance, whereby neighbouring sites were not necessarily more similar in their community composition.Main conclusionsSpecies replacement is strongly influenced by habitat configuration and β‐diversity increases in edge‐affected habitats. Accordingly, anthropogenic land use and habitat fragmentation clearly promote community‐level taxonomic divergence in human‐modified landscapes. Landscape‐scale divergence likely results from a non‐random distribution of both forest‐dependent and disturbance‐adapted species across all habitats, which are in marked contrast in terms of suitability.