bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Central Angiotensin II type 1 receptor deficiency alleviates renal fibrosis by reducing sympathetic nerve discharge in nephrotoxic folic acid–induced chronic kidney disease
Authors: Wan Qijun , Yang Zhichen , Li Lingzhi , Wu Liling 
Published: September 2024

Background
Fibrosis after nephrotoxic injury is common. Activation of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and sympathetic nervous system (SNS) are common mechanism of renal fibrosis. However, there have limited knowledge about which brain regions are most affected by Angiotensin II (Ang II) after nephrotoxic injury, what role does Angiotensin II type 1a receptors (AT1R) signaling play and how this affects the outcomes of the kidneys.

Methods
In nephrotoxic folic acid–induced chronic kidney disease (FA-CKD) mouse models, we have integrated retrograde tracer techniques with studies on AT1afl/fl mice to pinpoint an excessively active central pathway that connects the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) to the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM). This pathway plays a pivotal role in determining the kidney’s fibrotic response following injury induced by folic acid.

Results
FA-CKD (vs sham) had increased in the kidney SNS activity and Ang II expression in the central PVN. The activation of Ang II in the PVN triggers the activation of the PVN-RVLM pathway, amplifies SNS output, thus facilitating fibrosis development in FA-CKD mouse. Blocking sympathetic traffic or deleting AT1a in the PVN alleviated renal fibrosis in FA-CKD mice.

Conclusions
The FA-CKD mice have increased the expression of Ang II in PVN, thereby activating AT1a-positive PVN neurons project to the RVLM, where SNS activity is engaged to initiate fibrotic processes. The Ang II in PVN may contribute to the development of kidney fibrosis after nephrotoxic folic acid-induced kidney injury.
The Influence of Human Resource Management Practices and Organisational Cultural Dynamics on Productivity Outcomes: Insights from Public Scientific Research Institutions in Ghana
Authors: Abetia Francis Asare , Coffie Georgia Marfo , Antwi James , Ellis Florence 
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the influence of human resource management (HRM) practices and organisational cultural dynamics on productivity outcomes in public scientific research institutions (PSRIs) in Ghana. Quantitative research designs were employed, using a survey questionnaire of 307 employees. Data analysis was performed with the use of the 26th version of the IBM SPSS data analysis software, descriptive and inferential statistical methods assisted in the analyses of the collected data. The study found that the effect of HRM practices on productivity increases significantly when organisational culture is included in the relationship. Therefore, for higher productivity, organisations need to implement practical human resource strategies that take into account organisational culture dynamics. Again, further research, recommendations are needed to investigate effects of the specific HRM practices on productivity in the organisations, among other insights into organisational performance.
Impact of Biofertilizer Combinations on Quality, Yield, and Economic Returns of Strawberry in Central Region of Punjab, India
Authors: Singh Jaskirat , Sharma Rohit , Chandra Nikesh , Meeta  , Singh Azadpal , Singh Arshdeep , Tanvi  , Singh Sarbjit 
Published: September 2024

Strawberry is a globally cherished fruit, celebrated for their sweet flavor, vibrant color, and rich nutritional profile. The use of biofertilizers in strawberry cultivation is gaining importance in India due to their eco-friendly and sustainable nature. Biofertilizers enhance soil fertility by promoting beneficial microbial activity, which improves nutrient availability and uptake by strawberry plants. This leads to healthier crops with better yields and quality by reduced application of inorganic fertilisers. It ultimately benefits both the environment and farmers' long-term productivity. The experimental results revealed that T8 (RDF + Azotobacter @ 2g/plant + PSB @2g/plant + Azospirillum @2g/plant) significantly increased the plant height (16.82 cm), plant spread (32.78 cm), fruit length (45.88 mm), breadth (38.96 mm), weight (12.76 g), TSS (9.42 °Brix), anthocyanin content (26.14 mg/100g) and yield attributes i.e., yield plant-1 (238.88 g) and yield hectare-1 (13.14 t/ha). It also found that the plants treated with T8 (RDF + Azotobacter @2g/plant + PSB @2g/plant + Azospirillum @2g/plant) had maximum leaf nutritional content, namely - nitrogen (3.09%), phosphorus (1.37%), potassium (3.39%), calcium (2.37%) and magnesium (0.39%) and also gave highest net return i.e., Rs 16,61,790 /ha with highest B:C ratio of 3.77. Hence, it can be concluded that the treatment T8 is most suitable for improving the quality, yield and economic return of strawberry in central region of Punjub.
Slip‐behavior transitions of a heterogeneous linear fault
Authors: Yabe Suguru , Ide Satoshi 
Published: November 2016

AbstractGeological faults have frictional heterogeneity. Here we investigate the slip behavior of such heterogeneous faults in the simplest situation, simulating antiplane shear slip along an infinite linear fault in a 2‐D elastic model space, subjected to constant loading by external stresses characterized by stiffness and plate‐motion velocity. The fault is discretized into many subfaults, each of which has either a velocity‐weakening (VW) or velocity‐strengthening (VS) friction law. We vary the proportion of the fault that is VW, revealing several different regimes of slip behavior. The first regime boundary, where stick‐slip behavior is initiated, is located at the proportion of VW zones such that each VW zone reaches its nucleation size. The other boundary is located where the spatially averaged a − b value of the rate and state friction law is close to zero. Below this density, the VW zone slips seismically, whereas the VS zone shows afterslip. In contrast, above this density, the entire fault slips simultaneously at the seismic slip velocity. We observe transitional behavior at the second boundary, where relatively slower deformation dominates. We also explore the slip behavior of faults using Cantor‐set distributions of frictional parameters. We propose that frictional heterogeneity on the fault may explain not only the diversity of seismic phenomena but also the observed scaling of frictional parameters, such as slip‐weakening distance or the fracture energy of ordinary earthquakes.
Reconstruction of gappy GPS coordinate time series using empirical orthogonal functions
Authors: Xu Chang 
Published: November 2016

AbstractData gaps are an unfortunate aspect of Global Positioning System (GPS) time series and that can (a) slow down the maximum likelihood estimation for stochastic noise modeling and (b) hamper signal processing algorithms that require evenly spaced data. Simply filling the data gaps by linear interpolation does not significantly bias the velocity estimates in the least squares analysis, whereas it may be less suitable for periodic term estimates for vertical GPS observations especially those that are sampled with wide gaps. We use iterative empirical orthogonal function‐based (EOF‐based) method to recover the gappy GPS coordinate time series and discuss their effects on periodic term estimates. Ordinary least squares estimation‐based (LSE‐based) interpolation (including trend, annual, and semiannual terms) is performed for comparison. We demonstrate our method with synthetic examples, as well as real daily coordinate time series of 10 GPS sites with more than 14 years of data. The optimal window size and number of dominant EOFs are determined using crossvalidation. We find that EOF‐based interpolation may bias amplitude estimates in the up component owing to the artificial signals introduced in the EOFs reconstruction. After skipping the “noisy” EOFs and including only EOFs that we are particularly interested, the bias becomes smaller. Moreover, EOF‐based interpolation outperforms LSE interpolation in the wavelet analysis of GPS time series particularly for situations with wide gaps. Offsets are also found to be essentially nuisance parameters that must be removed prior to applying interpolation.
Global rupture parameters for deep and intermediate‐depth earthquakes
Authors: Poli Piero , Prieto Germán A. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe investigate the global rupture parameters for deep and intermediate‐depth earthquakes. From measurements of rupture duration and radiated seismic energy we estimate stress drop, apparent stress, and radiation efficiency and obtain a detailed earthquake energy budget. From scaling of the source parameters we highlight differences between crustal and deep seismicity, with the latter showing larger fracture energies. The observed increase of radiation efficiency with depth suggests that rupture mechanism for deep and intermediate‐depth events differs. In agreement with previous studies we observe along‐strike variability of rupture properties for deep and intermediate‐depth earthquakes, correlating with slab morphology, plate age, or presence of volcanic structures.
The dynamics of surges in the 3 February 2015 avalanches in Vallée de la Sionne
Authors: Köhler A. , McElwaine J. N. , Sovilla B. , Ash M. , Brennan P. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractFive avalanches were artificially released at the Vallée de la Sionne test site in the west of Switzerland on 3 February 2015 and recorded by the GEOphysical flow dynamics using pulsed Doppler radAR Mark 3 radar system. The radar beam penetrates the dilute powder cloud and measures reflections from the underlying denser avalanche features allowing the tracking of the flow at 111 Hz with 0.75 m downslope resolution. The data show that the avalanches contain many internal surges. The large or “major” surges originate from the secondary release of slabs. These slabs can each contain more mass than the initial release, and thus can greatly affect the flow dynamics, by unevenly distributing the mass. The small or “minor” surges appear to be a roll wave‐like instability, and these can greatly influence the front dynamics as they can repeatedly overtake the leading edge. We analyzed the friction acting on the fronts of minor surges using a Voellmy‐like, simple one‐dimensional model with frictional resistance and velocity‐squared drag. This model fits the data of the overall velocity, but it cannot capture the dynamics and especially the slowing of the minor surges, which requires dramatically varying effective friction. Our findings suggest that current avalanche models based on Voellmy‐like friction laws do not accurately describe the physics of the intermittent frontal region of large mixed avalanches. We suggest that these data can only be explained by changes in the snow surface, such as the entrainment of the upper snow layers and the smoothing by earlier flow fronts.
A physically based 3‐D model of ice cliff evolution over debris‐covered glaciers
Authors: Buri Pascal , Miles Evan S. , Steiner Jakob F. , Immerzeel Walter W. , Wagnon Patrick , Pellicciotti Francesca 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe use high‐resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) surveys to document the evolution of four ice cliffs on the debris‐covered tongue of Lirung Glacier, Nepal, over one ablation season. Observations show that out of four cliffs, three different patterns of evolution emerge: (i) reclining cliffs that flatten during the ablation season; (ii) stable cliffs that maintain a self‐similar geometry; and (iii) growing cliffs, expanding laterally. We use the insights from this unique data set to develop a 3‐D model of cliff backwasting and evolution that is validated against observations and an independent data set of volume losses. The model includes ablation at the cliff surface driven by energy exchange with the atmosphere, reburial of cliff cells by surrounding debris, and the effect of adjacent ponds. The cliff geometry is updated monthly to account for the modifications induced by each of those processes. Model results indicate that a major factor affecting the survival of steep cliffs is the coupling with ponded water at its base, which prevents progressive flattening and possible disappearance of a cliff. The radial growth observed at one cliff is explained by higher receipts of longwave and shortwave radiation, calculated taking into account atmospheric fluxes, shading, and the emission of longwave radiation from debris surfaces. The model is a clear step forward compared to existing static approaches that calculate atmospheric melt over an invariant cliff geometry and can be used for long‐term simulations of cliff evolution and to test existing hypotheses about cliffs' survival.
Dorsal column myelopathy after intrathecal chemotherapy for leukemia
Authors: Pinnix Chelsea C. , Chi Linda , Jabbour Elias J. , Milgrom Sarah A. , Smith Grace L. , Daver Naval , Garg Naveen , Cykowski Matthew D. , Fuller Greg , Cachia David , Kamiya-Matsuoka Carlos , Woodman Karin , Dinardo Courtney , Jain Nitin , Kadia Tapan M. , Pemmaraju Naveen , Ohanian Maro , Konopleva Marina , Kantarjian Hagop M. , Dabaja Bouthaina S. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIntrathecal chemotherapy with methotrexate, a folate antagonist, is widely used to treat central nervous system malignancies. The mechanisms underlying methotrexate‐induced neurotoxicity are unclear but may be related to increased homocysteine levels. Intrathecal methotrexate‐induced myelopathy mimicking subacute combined degeneration, with normal B12 levels, has been documented. We examined treatment and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of 13 patients with leukemia who received intrathecal methotrexate and developed urinary and bowel incontinence, ascending motor weakness, and sensory loss with dorsal column hyperintensity on MRI between 2000 and 2016. Cerebrospinal fluid evaluation was negative for leukemia in all patients and positive for elevated protein in 12 patients. Seven of eight patients with available data had reduced serum folate, increased serum homocysteine, or both, implicating methotrexate as the cause of neurotoxicity. Autopsy of one patient revealed loss of myelinated axons in the posterior columns. These findings suggest that methotrexate neurotoxicity may be mediated by folate antagonism. Awareness and a high index of suspicion of these characteristic clinical and radiographic features in patients who develop myelopathy after intrathecal methotrexate may help to avoid additional neurotoxic therapy in such patients.
Anthropologists' views on race, ancestry, and genetics
Authors: Wagner Jennifer K. , Yu Joon‐Ho , Ifekwunigwe Jayne O. , Harrell Tanya M. , Bamshad Michael J. , Royal Charmaine D. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractControversies over race conceptualizations have been ongoing for centuries and have been shaped, in part, by anthropologists.ObjectiveTo assess anthropologists' views on race, genetics, and ancestry.MethodsIn 2012 a broad national survey of anthropologists examined prevailing views on race, ancestry, and genetics.ResultsResults demonstrate consensus that there are no human biological races and recognition that race exists as lived social experiences that can have important effects on health.DiscussionRacial privilege affects anthropologists' views on race, underscoring the importance that anthropologists be vigilant of biases in the profession and practice. Anthropologists must mitigate racial biases in society wherever they might be lurking and quash any sociopolitical attempts to normalize or promote racist rhetoric, sentiment, and behavior.
Biocatalytic Properties and Structural Analysis of Phloroglucinol Reductases
Authors: Conradt David , Hermann Bianca , Gerhardt Stefan , Einsle Oliver , Müller Michael 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPhloroglucinol reductases (PGRs) are involved in anaerobic degradation in bacteria, in which they catalyze the dearomatization of phloroglucinol into dihydrophloroglucinol. We identified three PGRs, from different bacterial species, that are members of the family of NAD(P)H‐dependent short‐chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDRs). In addition to catalyzing the reduction of the physiological substrate, the three enzymes exhibit activity towards 2,4,6‐trihydroxybenzaldehyde, 2,4,6‐trihydroxyacetophenone, and methyl 2,4,6‐trihydroxybenzoate. Structural elucidation of PGRcl and comparison to known SDRs revealed a high degree of conservation. Several amino acid positions were identified as being conserved within the PGR subfamily and might be involved in substrate differentiation. The results enable the enzymatic dearomatization of monoaromatic phenol derivatives and provide insight into the functional diversity that may be found in families of enzymes displaying a high degree of structural homology.
Polysulfate [SnO3n+1]2−: Ist mit dem [S6O19]2−‐Anion das Ende erreicht?
Authors: Schindler Lisa Verena , Becker Anna , Wieckhusen Maria , Klüner Thorsten , Wickleder Mathias S. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractDas neue S6O192−‐Ion wurde in Form seines Rubidium‐ und Ammoniumsalzes durch Reaktion der entsprechenden Sulfate mit SO3 erhalten. Es ist das längste bislang bekannte Polysulfat‐Anion und besteht aus einer Kette von sechs eckenverknüpften [SO4]‐Tetraedern. Die einzigartige Verbindung wurde umfangreich charakterisiert, einschließlich einer theoretischen Untersuchung der Bindungssituation des Anions.
Thiol‐Ene Step‐Growth as a Versatile Route to Functional Polymers
Authors: Sarapas Joel M. , Tew Gregory N. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA new use of the thiol‐ene reaction to generate functional, redox‐tunable polymers is described. To illustrate the versatility of this approach, tailored divinyl ether monomers were polymerized with triethylene glycol dithiol to yield polymers containing either a carbonate or zwitterionic phosphocholine within the polymer backbone. Similarly, dithioerythritol was polymerized with triethylene glycol divinyl ether to yield a polymer with pendant diols and show how functional groups can be designed into either the divinyl ether or dithiol monomer. Using the thioether functional group inherent to this polymerization, all three polymers were selectively and quantitatively oxidized to either sulfoxides or sulfones by treatment with dilute hydrogen peroxide or mCPBA, respectively. With these illustrative examples, it is shown that the thiol‐ene polymerization is a broad‐reaching method to access a class of new redox‐active polymers which contain varied and dense functional‐group compositions.
Phototriggered Secretion of Membrane Compartmentalized Bioactive Agents
Authors: Hughes Robert M. , Marvin Christina M. , Rodgers Zachary L. , Ding Song , Oien Nathan P. , Smith Weston J. , Lawrence David S. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA strategy for the light‐activated release of bioactive compounds (BODIPY, colchicine, paclitaxel, and methotrexate) from membrane‐enclosed depots is described. We have found that membrane‐permeable bioagents can be rendered membrane impermeable by covalent attachment to cobalamin (Cbl) through a photocleavable linker. These Cbl‐bioagent conjugates are imprisoned within lipid‐enclosed compartments in the dark, as exemplified by their retention in the interior of erythrocytes. Subsequent illumination drives the secretion of the bioactive species from red blood cells. Photorelease is triggered by wavelengths in the red, far‐red, and near‐IR regions, which can be pre‐assigned by affixing a fluorophore with the desired excitation wavelength to the Cbl‐bioagent conjugate. Pre‐assigned wavelengths allow different biologically active compounds to be specifically and unambiguously photoreleased from common carriers.
Catalytic Asymmetric Reductive Condensation of N–H Imines: Synthesis of C2‐Symmetric Secondary Amines
Authors: Wakchaure Vijay N. , List Benjamin 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA highly diastereoselective and enantioselective Brønsted acid catalyzed reductive condensation of N−H imines was developed. This reaction is catalyzed by a chiral disulfonimide (DSI), uses Hantzsch esters as a hydrogen source, and delivers useful C2‐symmetric secondary amines.
Thermogravimetric study on the flue‐cured tobacco leaf pyrolysis and combustion using a distributed activation energy model
Authors: Wang Xuebin , Wang Zhao , Dai Ya , Ma Kuoyan , Zhu Lijun , Tan Houzhang 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn this work, the pyrolysis and combustion characteristics of TLs were tested by using a nonisothermal thermogravimetric analysis, and the distribute activation energy model was used to determine the kinetic parameters. Tobacco leaves from upper, middle, and lower parts of tobacco plants were compared, and the effects of oxygen concentration and heating rate were also investigated. Results show that the decomposition and burnout performances of middle TLs were the best. When oxygen concentration is in the range of 0 to 10%, the increase of oxygen concentration brought little effect on volatile release while remarkably improving residual char burning. The mass loss curves moved backward with the increase of heating rate due to the delay of heat transfer. In general, E first increased and then decreased as mass loss, and it was also affected by oxygen concentration. Energy value under the condition of 10% oxygen concentration is much higher than that under 0% and 5% oxygen conditions. A kinetic compensation effect between E and k was investigated for small molecule species release and char oxidation in TL combustion. The general compensation effects of small molecule species release and char oxidation could be expressed as ln(k) = 0.230E − 4.73 and ln(k) = 0.215E − 17.69, respectively. Copyright © 2016 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Triazole‐Containing Dendrimer‐like Core Cross‐Linked Micelles that Stabilize Pd Nanoparticles as Heterogenized Homogeneous Catalysts for Room‐Temperature Suzuki–Miyaura Reactions in Water
Authors: Li Bing , Yu Yangyang , Zhao Pengxiang , Zhang Shiyong 
Published: November 2016

AbstractFeaturing the advantages of both homogeneous (high activity) and heterogeneous (recyclability) catalysts, heterogenized homogeneous catalysts (e.g., dendrimer‐stabilized metal nanoparticles) have received much attention in recent years. Here, we develop a new triazole‐containing dendrimer‐like core cross‐linked micelle (DCCM) stabilized Pd nanoparticles as a highly efficient heterogenized homogeneous catalyst for the Suzuki–Miyaura reaction. Both arylboronic acids and iodobenzenes with diverse electronic properties performed with excellent reactivity under the mild conditions of room temperature, water as the sole solvent, and as low as 0.5 % catalyst loading. Importantly, the Pd@triazole‐DCCMs can tolerate various functional groups well (e.g., alcohol, aldehyde, ester, acyl, amino, and cyano, etc.) and give the corresponding biphenyl products in high yields. Recycling experiments suggest that the new heterogenized homogeneous catalyst can be recovered simply and reused many times with negligible activity change.
A Differential Game Based Guidance Law for an Accelerating Exoatmospheric Missile
Authors: Ye Qing , Liu Chunsheng 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA differential game‐based guidance law design is proposed for a class of accelerating exoatmospheric missiles. By analyzing the nonlinear dynamic equations, a class of motions that does not require maneuver effort is derived for the missile. Using this property, a two phase guidance scheme can be derived that permits a perfect interception. In Phase 1, the missile is put in collision course with the target, which means in Phase 2 the missile should intercept the target with a straight line flight course, at a specified terminal body angle. Differential game based guidance laws are derived respectively for the two phases to guarantee the implementation of the guidance scheme. Simulation results show that the methodology provides robust interception performance.