bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SIL: Value Chain and Strategic Choices
Authors: Jajja M. Shakeel S. , Hassan Syed Zahoor 
Published: December 2017

Prior to 2011, Service Industries Limited’s (SIL) production for the Pakistani market was sold through the marketing and retailing network of Service Sales Corporation (SSC), as both SIL and SSC were owned by the Service Group. However, in 2011, the companies parted ways based on two main conditions. First, SSC would continue to buy shoes worth at least PKR 3.8 billion from SIL till 2021. Second, SIL would give exclusive license to SSC to use Servis brand for the shoe business till 2021. Omar Saeed, CEO of SIL, is reflecting on the previous four years’ performance for the shoe business division. It has not met the sales target for 2014, domestic sales are dependant on SSC and Klara (SIL’s own brand of wholesale), the European market is presurizing SIL to reduce prices as well as provide high variety and low volume orders, and more efforts need to be made to utilize SIL’s manufacturing facilities. Omar has to make SIL’s strategy for 2021, when SSC may not be there to give business worth PKR 3.8 billion, as well as plan the necessary roadmap. SIL’s top management wants to see SIL as a global player in its line of business.
MYTH TROUBLES: An Open-Source Educational Game in Scratch for Greek Mythology
Authors: Evangelopoulou Olympia , Xinogalos Stelios 
Published: December 2017

Background. Educational games are nowadays used for facilitating the teaching and learning process of various subjects. History is one of the subjects that simulations and games are used for promoting active learning and supporting students in comprehending various history-related subjects. Aim. This article reports on a new educational game on Greek mythology, called MYTH TROUBLES, designed and developed from scratch with the aim of supporting primary school students in studying Greek mythology and raising their interest on the subject of history. Method. The article presents the educational rationale and design of MYTH TROUBLES in the context of an educational games design model proposed in the literature. Since the game was implemented with the platform of Scratch and it is available online both for students (or anyone interested in Greek Mythology) and game developers, some information for its implementation is also provided. The results of a pilot evaluation of MYTH TROUBLES with the help of 21 experienced school teachers are presented, along with proposals for improvement and extension of the game. Results. Teachers evaluated positively MYTH TROUBLES in terms of acceptability, usability, utility as an educational tool, as well as its interface and game play and expressed their willingness to use it in the classroom. Conclusions. MYTH TROUBLES is considered appropriate by teachers for supporting the teaching and learning of Greek mythology and assessing its educational value in class is the next step. Scratch is appropriate for implementing such educational games and sharing them with interested players and game developers.
Effect of Multitasking on Simulator Sickness and Performance in 3D Aerodrome Control Training
Authors: Yörük Açıkel Birsen , Turhan Uğur , Akbulut Yavuz 
Published: December 2017

Background. Air traffic controllers need to use their cognitive resources to cope with multiple tasks while monitoring air traffic. They are trained through advanced 3D simulators; however, they might demonstrate simulator sickness symptoms during this training. The relationship between multitasking and simulator sickness and the influence of different tasks on these variables can be investigated to inform further training practices for an efficient traffic monitoring. Purpose. The purpose of this quasi-experimental research was to explore the influence of different working positions and multitasking scenarios on simulator sickness and performance in 3D Aerodrome Control Training. Method. Thirteen undergraduate students from a civil aviation school participated in a time-series experimental design. Nausea, disorientation and oculomotor disturbances were measured before and after conducting different multitasking scenarios in an aerodrome control simulator. A 20-item simulation performance scale was also used. Performance differences and the relationship between simulator sickness and performance were addressed through parametric tests. Results. Findings revealed that tower-ground positions created higher levels of nausea. Performance scores varied in different scenarios. Simulator sickness was higher in females. Total sickness correlated negatively with performance in all scenarios. Conclusion. Certain tasks have different influences on both simulator sickness and performance. Concurrent multitasking seems to trigger simulator sickness further. The degree of simulator adaptation, test anxiety and physiological measures of the process should be considered in further research.
Artikel
Authors: Ramstedt Mats 
Published: December 2017

■ Aims The study investigates to what extent changes in the numbers of hospital inpatients with an alcohol diagnosis can be used as an indicator of trends in alcohol-related harm in the Swedish population. ■ Data and Methods Changes in alcohol-related inpatient treatment are compared with trends in alcohol consumption and alcohol-related mortality between 1987 and 2003 by means of a graphical presentation and a correlation analysis. The data on alcohol-related inpatient treatment and alcohol-related mortality come from the Centre for Epidemiology at the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare, and the data on alcohol consumption from both official statistics and survey studies. ■ Results Between 1987 and 1998, the number of patients with an alcohol diagnosis decreased although alcohol consumption and alcohol-related mortality remained relatively unchanged. After that, alcohol consumption has increased markedly. At the same time, the total number of patients treated has remained unchanged, whilst increases have occurred in the number of patients with an alcohol diagnosis in somatic inpatient treatment, in the proportion of patients with an alcohol diagnosis and in the number of patients with alcohol poisoning, liver disease or pancreatitis. At the same time, a decrease has occurred in the number of alcohol patients in psychiatry and the number of patients diagnosed with alcohol dependence. ■ Conclusion The total number of inpatients with an alcohol diagnosis should not be used as an indicator of changes in alcohol harm because the decreases in the number of patients in psychiatry seem to be due to the reorganisation of treatment, that is, reductions in bed places and a possible shift towards outpatient treatment. A more stable measure is the number of patients in somatic inpatient treatment, together with a few specific diagnoses, such as liver disease, pancreatitis and alcohol poisoning. A more complete picture of changes in alcohol-related harm in treatment, however, requires more information about the trends in outpatient treatment.
Treatment of what?
Authors: Edman Johan 
Published: December 2017

■ Aims The aim of this article is to investigate the problem formulations – the preconceptions about causes and effects and the possible solutions to the problems of alcohol abuse – that characterized the compulsory institutional care of alcohol abusers in Sweden in the 20th century. The article focuses on problem formulations that actually were practised in the institutions. ■ Methods & Data The main source material is to be found in the archives of four institutionalized care establishments and consists of official reports, correspondence, supply estimates, circulars for consideration and – above all – patient records. From this material you can learn about the institutions' struggle for autonomy, expansion and legitimacy, and also about the clients' characteristics and how the clients were viewed. The study of the archives allows you to form a picture of the problem formulations that affected the activities in the institutions directly, a picture that goes beyond the more abstract expectations preferred by official reports and legislation. ■ Results Within the compulsory institutional care actually carried out, the problem formulations that were stipulated in the gender-neutral legislation and vague regulations became gender-specific and precise. The treatment of alcohol abusers was a class and gender related project, aiming not only at encouraging male diligence and the fulfilling of a man's maintenance obligation but also at female virtuousness and concern for the family. ■ Conclusions The history of alcohol abusers' treatment shows that alcohol itself has been a secondary factor in problem definitions which have let themselves be attached – via perceived links with either cause or effect – to more overarching social issues in Sweden. The concerns of emergent family policy in the 1940s, the developmental optimism and scientistic passions of the 1950s, and the systemically critical protest movements of the 1970s are all clearly reflected in trends within social care services for alcohol abusers – albeit much more often at the level of discourse than of praxis.
Alcohol and drug prevention in Norwegian work life
Authors: Frøyland Kjetil , Grimsmo Asbjørn 
Published: December 2017

Aim This article discusses Norwegian employers' and employees' way of dealing with alcohol- and drug use among colleagues. The article outlines steps made in Norwegian companies to prevent alcohol- and drug problems among employees. Methods Interviews have been carried out in 50 companies belonging to different business fields. A national survey has been carried out among 890 companies. Results About 40% of Norwegian businesses have organized alcohol or drug preventive programs in the workplace. We have found many different versions of programmes, most of them based on a few main models for alcohol- and drug prevention in the workplace. It is first and foremost in the large companies that such programmes are implemented. The prevention programmes are often directed at helping individuals with serious drinking problems, or at the establishment of a workplace program. Our data, however, indicate that most employees stay passive and rarely intervene in relation to emerging alcohol- or drug problems among colleges. The issue of alcohol- and drug use is experienced as a difficult topic to relate adequately by employers as well as employees. Only 9% of Norwegian businesses think that they are actually working towards the prevention of alcohol and drug abuse. Conclusions Our data show that several methods for alcohol and drug prevention in the workplace exist, but that they should be practised to a larger degree. The shift to primary prevention directed at the entire workforce seems to have not yet reached companies and employees in Norwegian work life. Changes in direction towards more health promotion, early and primary intervention are suggested.
An organizational sociological approach to implementation of evidence-based practice in substance abuse treatment.
Authors: Vind Leif 
Published: December 2017

Aims During the last 10 years researchers in the field of substance abuse treatment have found most of the treatment organisations quite research and innovation resistant according to adopting the concept of evidence-based practice. It is the aim of this paper to show that the treatment services are not resistant to research and innovation, but they are organized around some organizational principles that are hardly compatible to the principles embedded in evidence-based practice. Methods & Data This study includes a mapping of the service structure and the treatment method's (evidence-based and not-evidence-based) in 21 outpatient treatment services for adolescent with substance abuse problems. Results The treatment services showed not to be occupied by implementing evidence-based practice, but were at the same time open for adoption of innovations in treatment structure and method's, which indicates that they are not resistant to innovations. Conclusions In this paper the self-organization of the treatment centres is analysed through a new institutional theory approach, and it is described how the institutional orientation of the treatment centres exclude an adoption of the concept of evidence-based practice. It is suggested that the researchers should shift focus from the inability of the treatment organizations to develop evidence-based practice, and instead focus on how to build up an evidence-based infrastructure in which the producers of evidence-based knowledge and the treatment organizations can obtain knowledge of each others work.
Sociala Nätverk och Socialt Stöd i Återhämtningsprocessen från Alkoholmissbruk
Authors: Levälahti Johanna 
Published: December 2017

Aim The aim of the study was to investigate the role of social networks in the recovery process from alcohol misuse. Data Narrative interviews with eleven former alcoholics where thematic questions about social networks were asked. The informants were recruited through newspapers, social- and health care workers, alcohol therapists and AA-groups. Method The interviews were analysed using the method “part and content” for narrative analyse of Lieblich et al. (1998). Social networks—formal, contextual and informal—provide different kinds of social support: emotional, instrumental, informational and existential. Social networks and social support were studied during three phases of the informants' lives: during addiction, at the turning point and during maintenance of sobriety. Results and Conclusions The results show that emotional support, in the form of availability to other persons and good treatment, were the most important kinds of support, although other forms of support could also be essential. All kinds of networks provide social support in different life phases. The importance of the informal networks seems to increase during the maintenance of a resolution to stop drinking.
Development in Alcohol-Related Harm in Denmark 1990–2005
Authors: Eriksen Louise , Grønbæk Morten 
Published: December 2017

Aims This article, as part of a Nordic project, aims at studying the development of alcohol-related harms in the Danish society in the 1990s and early 2000s, a period when alcohol consumption was stable at a relatively high Nordic level. Data The study is based on data on sales of alcohol and on register data on alcohol-related morbidity, mortality, traffic accidents and the development of violent crimes. Analysis Both total alcohol consumption and alcohol-related harm have been practically unchanged during the period, in spite of large changes in consumption of the different types of alcohol. Pancreatitis mortality and hospitalisations of men due to alcoholism, alcohol psychosis and poisoning have increased, while alcohol-related traffic accidents and detentions due to drunkenness have decreased. These developments may mirror changes in the activities and structure of various authorities. Conclusions To properly estimate the effects of changes in drinking patterns on alcohol-related harms new measures of alcohol-related harms are needed that take into account the attributable etiological fraction of alcohol to for instance coronary heart disease. There is also a need for better measures of social consequences of drinking.
Trends in Alcohol Consumption and Alcohol-Related Harms in Iceland
Authors: Ólafsdóttir Hildigunnur 
Published: December 2017

Aims The objective of the study is to examine the relationship between the total consumption of alcohol and alcohol-related harms in Iceland from 1990 to 2004. Data Time-series data on alcohol-related harm have been collected from public statistics, directorates, and surveys. Results Alcohol sales have increased from 4.6 to 6.7 litres of alcohol per 100 000 inhabitants aged 15 and over from 1988 to 2004, an increase of 46% in 16 years. In the study period, violent offences, drink driving, injuries by drink driving, and public intoxication show a downward trend with the exception of 2000, when violent offences, drink driving, and public intoxication all peaked. This increase is very likely caused by the changes in licensing policy in Reykjavik when pubs and bars in the city centre had unrestricted serving-hours. Morbidity and mortality rates have also declined or been stable, but are based on very low numbers, so random fluctuations may affect the data series. Conclusions Main findings of this study show a decrease in the alcohol-related harms in a period of strongly increasing alcohol consumption. The most likely explanation is that an extensive treatment service available for people with alcohol problems along with a high level of AA membership have decreased the rates of alcohol-related harms on the population level.
Variations in Alcohol-Related Mortality in the Nordic Countries after 1995—Continuity or Change?
Authors: Ramstedt Mats 
Published: December 2017

Aims The main aim of the present paper was to describe and analyse the recent development regarding differences in alcohol-related mortality between the Nordic countries. To what extent do various forms of alcohol-related mortality differ between the Nordic countries, and is a similar cross-national pattern found for men and women? Do differences in mortality rates correspond to variations in levels of alcohol consumption, and have any changes occurred with respect to these variations? Data Age-adjusted mortality from alcohol-specific causes, liver cirrhosis, alcohol poisonings and fatal accidents were compared between countries and in relation to recorded per capita consumption for two approximate time periods, 1995–1999 and 2000–2004 R2 was used to evaluate the extent to which differences in per capita consumption accounted for the mortality differences. Results Finland and Denmark had typically 2–5 times higher chronic alcohol-related mortality, e.g., cirrhosis, than Sweden, Norway and Iceland, whereas for acute mortality only Finland, and particularly Finnish men, stood out with high mortality rates, e.g., alcohol poisonings. Danish women tended to have higher or more similar mortality in relation to Finnish women in cases when this is not true for men. Differences in per capita consumption accounted for a significant part of variations in chronic alcohol mortality but to a lesser extent for variations in alcohol poisonings and fatal accidents. No marked changes in country differences occurred during the study period. Conclusion The results agree with the main prediction of the total consumption model, namely that the level of drinking is an important determinant of alcohol-related harm in society in particular for long-term negative consequences. The findings also suggest that comparisons of alcohol mortality should be gender-specific since the country differences may be different for men and women. The extent to which differences in alcohol policy may influence these national differences is also discussed.
Drugs and Gender
Authors: Sznitman Sharon Rödner 
Published: December 2017

This article investigates how 44 self-defined drug users in the Stockholm area talk about differences in male and female drug use. The analysis shows that there is a general uneasiness among the informants regarding gendered drug taking. Ambivalence thus arises when the informants are called upon to articulate issues regarding gender and drugs. On the other hand, it is evident that gender is a meaningful construct for the informants' understanding of drug use. The informants assign different characteristics to men and women and they articulate a gendered norm system in relation to drug taking. The relevant norms, demanding more control of female than male drug users, were invoked by both the men and the women interviewed. Although gender was a useful construct for making sense of drug use, the informants lacked resources for articulating their experiences and points of view in relation to issues of drugs and gender. As such gender and its relationship to drug use constituted ambivalent and contradictory themes to talk about. In this regard, this study highlights gender and drug use as an arena in which there is currently no stable definition of the situation.
Intergenerational Dynamics in Teenage Alcohol use
Authors: Jørgensen Morten Hulvej , Curtis Tine 
Published: December 2017

Aim The paper examines teenage alcohol use from an intergenerational perspective through an ethnographic case study of interaction between teenagers and adults. Methods Two periods of ethnographic fieldwork were conducted in a rural Danish community of approximately 6000 inhabitants. The fieldwork included 50 days of participant observation among 13–16-year-olds (n=93) as well as semi-structured interviews with small self-selected friendship groups. The present paper presents an analysis of field notes from a night of participant observation that is used as an emblematic example of informants' alcohol use and their interaction with adults. Theoretically, the paper adopts French philosopher Michel de Certeau's conceptual framework for understanding the practice of everyday life, in particular his distinction between strategic and tactical action. Results Two scenarios are described and taken to represent two different adult approaches to teenage drinking. In Scenario I, adults accept a group of teenagers' drinking in the home, and in Scenario II adults create an alcohol-free space which they guard against the intrusion of intoxicated teenagers. In both cases, however, adults use their intergenerational position in order to strategically contain teenage drinking. Meanwhile, teenagers act tactically by adjusting their alcohol use in time and space. Further, the use of alcohol marks a shift in the interaction between adults and teenagers in so far as it enables teenagers to create and control a place of their own and hence signal their independence from adults. Conclusion The paper points to the creative, tactical agency of teenagers in response to adult strategies. It is illustrated how teenage alcohol use becomes a transformative factor for adult–teenager relationships, and in particular how teenagers rework intergenerational power differences by taking on drinking.
RETRACTED: Optimization of the energy efficiency operational indicator for M/V NSU JUSTICE 250,000 DWT by grey relational analysis method in Vietnam
Authors: Tran Tien Anh 
Published: December 2017

At the request of the Journal Editor and the Publisher, the following article has been retracted. Tran TA, Optimization of the energy efficiency operational indicator for M/V NSU JUSTICE 250,000 DWT by grey relational analysis method in Vietnam, Proc IMechE, Part M: J Engineering for the Maritime Environment, First Published December 26, 2017, DOI: 10.1177/1475090217748756 Following investigation into this article, it has been determined that the article includes major overlap with a previously published article by the same author; Tran TA, Optimization of the Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator for M/V NSU JUSTICE 250,000 DWT by Grey Relational Analysis Method in Vietnam, J Marine Sci Res Dev 2017, 7:232, DOI: 10.4172/2155-9910.1000232 [Accessed: 4th January 2018]