bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting and understanding spatio‐temporal dynamics of species recovery: implications for Asian crested ibisNipponia nipponconservation in China
Authors: Sun Yiwen , Wang Tiejun , Skidmore Andrew K. , Palmer Stephen C. F. , Ye Xinping , Ding Changqing , Wang Qi 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimSome threatened species are now recovering after a period of serious decline. Understanding and predicting the spatio‐temporal recolonization of these species in a heterogeneous landscape are important for their conservation planning. We aimed to predict the range expansion of the endangered Asian crested ibisNipponia nipponas it recovers from near‐extinction to guide itsin situconservation and plan possible reintroductions.LocationCentral China.MethodsWe used a presence‐only ecological niche model to predict breeding habitat suitability and a newly developed, spatially explicit and individual‐based dynamic modelling platform to simulate range expansion. We performed a sensitivity analysis to assess the effects of uncertainty in demographic and dispersal parameters on the simulation of range dynamics. The impact of human‐induced mortality risk was also investigated.ResultsPredictions showed that the Asian crested ibis population and the range extent would continue to increase over the next 50 years, and the species would recolonize parts of its historical range. However, the majority of the population would still be restricted to a relatively small region, and some potential suitable regions might not be recolonized for decades by natural dispersal. Moreover, the simulated range dynamics were sensitive to life history trait parameters, among which adult survival probability and the proportion of long‐distance dispersal events showed the strongest effects. High human‐induced mortality risks had a significant negative effect on population growth and range expansion.Main conclusionsThis study demonstrates how hybrid modelling can inform conservation management of threatened species as they recolonize former habitat. The findings enable prioritization of management efforts, highlight the need for long‐term monitoring of the key life history parameters and provide evidence to guide the selection of potential reintroduction sites for the long‐term survival and recovery of target species.
Ectomycorrhizal fungi slow soil carbon cycling
Authors: Averill Colin , Hawkes Christine V. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractRespiration of soil organic carbon is one of the largest fluxes of CO2 on earth. Understanding the processes that regulate soil respiration is critical for predicting future climate. Recent work has suggested that soil carbon respiration may be reduced by competition for nitrogen between symbiotic ectomycorrhizal fungi that associate with plant roots and free‐living microbial decomposers, which is consistent with increased soil carbon storage in ectomycorrhizal ecosystems globally. However, experimental tests of the mycorrhizal competition hypothesis are lacking. Here we show that ectomycorrhizal roots and hyphae decrease soil carbon respiration rates by up to 67% under field conditions in two separate field exclusion experiments, and this likely occurs via competition for soil nitrogen, an effect larger than 2 °C soil warming. These findings support mycorrhizal competition for nitrogen as an independent driver of soil carbon balance and demonstrate the need to understand microbial community interactions to predict ecosystem feedbacks to global climate.
Evidence for marsh mallow (Malva parviflora) toxicosis causing myocardial disease and myopathy in four horses
Authors: Bauquier J. , Stent A. , Gibney J. , Jerrett I. , White J. , Tennent‐Brown B. , Pearce A. , Pitt J. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryReason for performing the studyInvestigation of toxicosis caused by Malva parviflora was required after 4 horses from the same farm developed severe muscle fasciculations, tachycardia, sweating and periods of recumbency leading to death or euthanasia after ingesting the plant.ObjectivesTo describe historical, clinical, clinicopathological and pathological findings of 4 horses with suspected M. parviflora toxicosis. The role of cyclopropene fatty acids (found in M. parviflora) and mechanism for toxicosis are proposed.Study designCase series.MethodsHistorical, physical examination, clinicopathological and pathological findings are reported. Due to similarities with atypical myopathy or seasonal pasture myopathy acyl carnitine profiles were performed on sera from 2 cases and equine controls. Presence of cyclopropene fatty acids was also examined in sera of 2 cases.ResultsM. parviflora had been heavily grazed by the horses with little other feed available. Horse 1 deteriorated rapidly and was subjected to euthanasia. Horse 2 was referred to hospital where severe myocardial disease and generalised myopathy was determined; this horse was subjected to euthanasia 36 h after admission. Horse 3 died rapidly and Horse 4 was subjected to euthanasia at onset of clinical signs. Post‐mortem examinations performed on 3 horses revealed acute, multifocal cardiac and skeletal myonecrosis. Myocyte glycogen accumulation was absent when examined in Horse 2. Acyl carnitine profiles revealed increased C14–C18 acyl carnitine concentrations in cases relative to controls. Cyclopropene fatty acids were detected in sera of cases but not controls.ConclusionThese findings suggest aetiology different to that of atypical myopathy or seasonal pasture myopathy. We hypothesise that cyclopropene fatty acids in M. parviflora interfere with fatty acid β‐oxidation in horses in negative energy balance, causing the clinical signs and abnormal acyl carnitine profiles. These equine cases suggest a pathophysiological course that closely mimics the human genetic condition very long chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency.
The roles of elevation and local environmental factors as drivers of diatom diversity in subarctic streams
Authors: Teittinen Anette , Kallajoki Liisa , Meier Sandra , Stigzelius Tiina , Soininen Janne 
Published: June 2016

Summary

High latitude and altitude freshwater systems are highly sensitive to the effects of global warming and associated environmental changes. Diatoms are widely used as sentinels of environmental change, yet knowledge of diatom community patterns in high latitude and altitude streams remains limited.

The aim of this study was to examine alpha and beta diversity of diatoms in subarctic streams in Finland and Norway, and to determine the importance of local environmental factors and elevation in shaping their community patterns. We also aimed at testing, for the first time, whether microbes conform to Rapoport's elevational rule, which states that species occurring at higher elevations have generally larger elevational ranges than species at lower elevations.

Three streams (44 sites in total) with an altitudinal gradient of 21–877 m a.s.l. were sampled. Generalized linear models, hierarchical partitioning, and a boosted regression tree method were used to identify drivers of diatom species richness. We ran Mantel tests, and calculated initial similarities and elevational halving distances to examine beta diversity.

There were no apparent richness–elevation relationships within streams. Across all study streams, the water depth was the most important factor for richness, with additional influences by stone size, conductivity, pH and elevation. Diatoms in subarctic streams did not conform to Rapoport's elevational rule. Community similarity decreased significantly with elevational distance while distance decay was weaker with environmental distance.

Our results suggest that diatom alpha and beta diversity along stream elevational gradients are shaped by interacting local environmental factors such as water depth and substrate size, indicating vulnerability of diatoms to physical disturbances, and regional factors such as dispersal and geographical variables. Diatom diversity patterns do not seem to concur with patterns often observed for larger organisms as no consistent elevational patterns in richness or range sizes were found.
A Straightforward Random Walk Model for Fast Push‐Pull Tracer Test Evaluation
Authors: Klotzsch Stephan , Binder Martin , Händel Falk 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn this article, we present a straightforward random walk model for fast evaluation of push‐pull tracer tests. By developing an adaptive algorithm, we overcome the problem of manually defining how many particles have to be used to simulate the transport problem. Beside this, we validate the random walk model by evaluating a push‐pull tracer test with drift phase and confirm the results with MT3DMS. The random walk model took less than 1% of computational time of MT3DMS, thus allowing a remarkable faster evaluation of push‐pull tracer tests.
Is it worth it? Patient and public views on the impact of their involvement in health research and its assessment: a UK‐based qualitative interview study
Authors: Crocker Joanna C. , Boylan Anne‐Marie , Bostock Jennifer , Locock Louise 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundThere are mounting calls for robust, critical evaluation of the impact of patient and public involvement (PPI) in health research. However, questions remain about how to assess its impact, and whether it should be assessed at all. The debate has thus far been dominated by professionals.ObjectiveTo explore the views of PPI contributors involved in health research regarding the impact of PPI on research, whether and how it should be assessed.DesignQualitative interview study.Setting and participantsThirty‐eight PPI contributors involved in health research across the UK.ResultsParticipants felt that PPI has a beneficial impact on health research. They described various impactful roles, which we conceptualize as the ‘expert in lived experience’, the ‘creative outsider’, the ‘free challenger’, the ‘bridger’, the ‘motivator’ and the ‘passive presence’. Participants generally supported assessing the impact of PPI, while acknowledging the challenges and concerns about the appropriateness and feasibility of measurement. They expressed a range of views about what impacts should be assessed, by whom and how. Individual feedback on impact was seen as an important driver of improved impact and motivation to stay involved.ConclusionsWhile there appears to be widespread support for PPI impact assessment among PPI contributors, their views on what to assess and how are diverse. PPI contributors should be involved as equal partners in debates and decisions about these issues. Individual feedback on impact may increase PPI contributors’ potential impact and their motivation to stay involved.
Body mass index, new modes of TV viewing and active video games
Authors: Falbe J. , Willett W. C. , Rosner B. , Field A. E. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryBackgroundRecent technologies have changed screen time. TV can be viewed anywhere, anytime. Content can be collected via digital recorders and online streaming and viewed on smartphones. Video games are no longer strictly sedentary.ObjectivesWe sought to assess the unknown relations between new modes of TV viewing – recorded, online, downloaded and on hand‐held devices – and active video games with body mass index (BMI).MethodsCross‐sectional analysis of the 2011 wave of the Growing Up Today Study 2 cohort. We used gender‐specific generalized estimating equations to examine screen time and BMI among 3071 women and 2050 men aged 16–24 years.ResultsAmong women, each hour/day of online TV (0.47; confidence interval [CI]: 0.12, 0.82) and total non‐broadcast TV (0.37; CI: 0.14, 0.61) was associated with higher BMI, as was watching ≥ 1/2 h week−1 of TV on hand‐held devices (1.04; CI: 0.32–1.77). Active video games were associated with BMI among women, but not after restricting to those not trying to lose/maintain weight. Broadcast TV was associated with higher BMI (kg m−2) among women and men (P < 0.05).ConclusionsAmong women, online TV, TV viewed on hand‐held devices and the sum of non‐broadcast TV time were associated with higher BMI. Broadcast TV was also associated with BMI in women and men.
FRAGMENTA BRITANNICA V. AMPHORAS FROM TOP TO BOTTOM
Authors: JOHNSTON ALAN 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The material published here contributes in differing ways to amphora and onomastic studies. The rare name Demonomos appears on some stamps and the various aspects of name and stamp are balanced up. An understandable misreading by Flinders Petrie of a Rhodian stamp of c. 210 BC is corrected and its bearer identified. An inscribed amphora lid from Naukratis, probably of c. 100 BC and of Adriatic origin, has no known parallel. Three graffiti on amphoras of Cyrenaic origin reflect official civic dating usage and may also be of the first century BC.
Multivariate selection and intersexual genetic constraints in a wild bird population
Authors: Poissant J. , Morrissey M. B. , Gosler A. G. , Slate J. , Sheldon B. C. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWhen selection differs between the sexes for traits that are genetically correlated between the sexes, there is potential for the effect of selection in one sex to be altered by indirect selection in the other sex, a situation commonly referred to as intralocus sexual conflict (ISC). While potentially common, ISC has rarely been studied in wild populations. Here, we studied ISC over a set of morphological traits (wing length, tarsus length, bill depth and bill length) in a wild population of great tits (Parus major) from Wytham Woods, UK. Specifically, we quantified the microevolutionary impacts of ISC by combining intra‐ and intersex additive genetic (co)variances and sex‐specific selection estimates in a multivariate framework. Large genetic correlations between homologous male and female traits combined with evidence for sex‐specific multivariate survival selection suggested that ISC could play an appreciable role in the evolution of this population. Together, multivariate sex‐specific selection and additive genetic (co)variance for the traits considered accounted for additive genetic variance in fitness that was uncorrelated between the sexes (cross‐sex genetic correlation = −0.003, 95% CI = −0.83, 0.83). Gender load, defined as the reduction in a population's rate of adaptation due to sex‐specific effects, was estimated at 50% (95% CI = 13%, 86%). This study provides novel insights into the evolution of sexual dimorphism in wild populations and illustrates how quantitative genetics and selection analyses can be combined in a multivariate framework to quantify the microevolutionary impacts of ISC.
Reliability and Validity of a Nepalese Version of the Oral Health Impact Profile for Edentulous Subjects
Authors: Shrestha Bidhan , Niraula Surya Raj , Parajuli Prakash K. , Suwal Pramita , Singh Raj Kumar 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPurposeTo assess the reliability and to validate the translated Nepalese version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP‐EDENT‐N) in Nepalese edentulous subjects.Materials and MethodsThe international guidelines for translation and cross‐cultural adaption of OHIP‐EDENT were followed, and a Nepalese version of the questionnaire was adapted for this study. Eighty‐eight completely edentulous subjects were then selected for the study and completed their responses for the questionnaire. The reliability of the OHIP‐EDENT‐N was evaluated using internal consistency. Validity was assessed as construct and convergent validity. Construct validity was determined using exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The correlation between OHIP‐EDENT‐N subscale scores and the global question was investigated to test the convergent validity.ResultsCronbach's alpha for the total score of OHIP‐EDENT‐N was 0.78. Construct validity was assessed by factor analysis: 70.196% of the variance was accountable to five factors extracted from the factor analysis. Factor loadings above 0.40 were noted for all items. In terms of convergent validity, significant correlations could be established between OHIP‐EDENT‐N and global questions.ConclusionsThis study has been able to establish the reliability and validity of the OHIP‐EDENT‐N, and OHIP‐EDENT‐N can be a considered a reliable tool to assess the oral health related quality of life in the Nepalese edentulous population.
Developmental Trajectories of Nonsuicidal Self‐Injury in Adolescence and Intrapersonal/Interpersonal Risk Factors
Authors: Wang Biyao , You Jianing , Lin Min‐Pei , Xu Sian , Leung Freedom 
Published: June 2016

This 3‐wave study investigated the developmental trajectories of nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI) and intrapersonal/interpersonal risk factors among 3,381 Chinese adolescents (56.2% females) aged from 13 to 17 years during a 1‐year period. Using an accelerated longitudinal design and latent class growth analysis, we identified four subgroups of NSSI trajectories: negligible (74.6%), experimental (12.8%), moderate decreasing (10.8%), and high fluctuating (1.9%). Adolescents reporting both intrapersonal (i.e., impulsive behaviors and depression) and interpersonal (i.e., unstable relationships and parental criticism) risk factors were significantly more likely to follow the latter three trajectories. The findings of this study suggest there is heterogeneity in NSSI development among adolescents and highlight the contributions of both intrapersonal and interpersonal risk factors in the engagement in NSSI.
Impact of information and communication technology on child health
Authors: Woo Eugenia HC , White Peter , Lai Christopher WK 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis article provides a general framework for understanding the use of information and communication technology in education and discusses the impact of computer usage on students' health and development. Potential beneficial and harmful effects of computer use by children are discussed. Early epidemiological and laboratory studies have indicated that children are at least of similar risk of developing musculoskeletal and vision problems as adults, and musculoskeletal and visual health problems developed in childhood are likely to persist into adulthood. This article, therefore, aims to provide a reflection on the deficits of existing policy and recommendations for child‐specific guidelines in computer use.
Detection of major food allergens in amniotic fluid: initial allergenic encounter during pregnancy
Authors: Pastor‐Vargas Carlos , Maroto Aroa S. , Díaz‐Perales Araceli , Villalba Mayte , Esteban Vanesa , Ruiz‐Ramos Marta , de Alba Marta Rodriguez , Vivanco Fernando , Cuesta‐Herranz Javier 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundIngestion of food allergens present in maternal milk during breastfeeding has been hypothesized as a gateway to sensitization to food; however, this process could develop during pregnancy, as the maternal–fetal interface develops a Th2‐ and Treg‐mediated environment to protect the fetus. We hypothesized that in these surroundings, unborn children are exposed to food allergens contained in the mother's diet, possibly giving rise to first sensitization.MethodsThe presence of allergensin uterowas studied by analyzing amniotic fluid (AF) samples in two different stages of pregnancy: at 15–20 weeks and after delivery at term. An antibody microarray was developed to test for the most common food allergens. The array detects the presence of ten allergens from milk, fruit, egg, fish, nuts, and wheat.ResultsAFfrom 20 pregnant women was collected: eight after delivery at term and 12 from women who underwent diagnostic amniocentesis between weeks 15 and 20 of gestation. The presence of allergens was detected in all samples. Samples from amniocentesis had a higher allergen concentration than samples after delivery at term.ConclusionsWe demonstrated the presence of intact major food allergens inAFsamples. This early contact could explain subsequent sensitization to foods never eaten before.
Different cytokinin histidine kinase receptors regulate nodule initiation as well as later nodule developmental stages in Medicago truncatula
Authors: Boivin Stéphane , Kazmierczak Théophile , Brault Mathias , Wen Jiangqi , Gamas Pascal , Mysore Kirankumar S. , Frugier Florian 
Published: June 2016

AbstractLegume plants adapt to low nitrogen by developing an endosymbiosis with nitrogen‐fixing soil bacteria to form a new specific organ: the nitrogen‐fixing nodule. In the Medicago truncatula model legume, the MtCRE1 cytokinin receptor is essential for this symbiotic interaction. As three other putative CHASE‐domain containing histidine kinase (CHK) cytokinin receptors exist in M. truncatula, we determined their potential contribution to this symbiotic interaction. The four CHKs have extensive redundant expression patterns at early nodulation stages but diverge in differentiated nodules, even though MtCHK1/MtCRE1 has the strongest expression at all stages. Mutant and knock‐down analyses revealed that other CHKs than MtCHK1/CRE1 are positively involved in nodule initiation, which explains the delayed nodulation phenotype of the chk1/cre1 mutant. In addition, cre1 nodules exhibit an increased growth, whereas other chk mutants have no detectable phenotype, and the maintained nitrogen fixation capacity in cre1 requires other CHK genes. Interestingly, an AHK4/CRE1 genomic locus from the aposymbiotic Arabidopsis plant rescues nodule initiation but not the nitrogen fixation capacity. This indicates that different CHK cytokinin signalling pathways regulate not only nodule initiation but also later developmental stages, and that legume‐specific determinants encoded by the MtCRE1 gene are required for later nodulation stages than initiation.
Vesicular Hand Dermatitis in a Child: Allergy to Methylisothiazolinone
Authors: Khanna Saira , Reeder Margo 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA 7‐year‐old girl presented with a history of vesicular hand dermatitis that only partially improved with the use of steroids. Patch testing revealed a 1+ reaction to 0.2% aqueous methylisothiazolinone (MI) and 0.01% aqueous methylchloroisothazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI). Dyshidrosiform hand dermatitis is rare in children younger than 10 years of age, and this pattern has not been reported with MCI/MI allergy.
Long‐term follow up of pediatric immunoglobulin A nephropathy treated with tonsillectomy plus methylprednisolone pulse therapy
Authors: Kawasaki Yukihiko , Maeda Ryo , Kanno Shuto , Suzuki Yuichi , Ohara Shinichiro , Suyama Kazuhide , Hosoya Mitsuaki 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to clarify the long‐term efficacy of tonsillectomy plus methylprednisolone pulse therapy (tonsillectomy pulse therapy [TMP]) for pediatric immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN). The clinical and laboratory findings as well as the prognosis for IgAN treated with TMP at long‐term follow up were evaluated.MethodsWe collected data on 33 IgAN children treated with TMP. The children were retrospectively divided into two groups. Group 1 consisted of 18 children treated with TMP as the initial therapy, and group 2 consisted of 15 children treated with TMP as rescue therapy for IgAN relapse. The clinical features, and laboratory and pathological findings, including those at first and second renal biopsy as well as at the latest follow up, were analyzed for both groups.ResultsMean urinary protein excretion, incidence of hematuria, and serum creatinine in groups 1 and 2 were all decreased significantly after TMP compared with beforehand. The percentage of glomeruli showing crescents after TMP in groups 1 and 2 was significantly lower than before TMP. At the most recent follow up, 94% of patients in group 1 and 87% in group 2 had normal urine, 6% in group 1 and 13% in group 2 had minor urinary abnormalities, and no patients in either group had active renal disease or renal insufficiency.ConclusionsTMP is effective in ameliorating urinary abnormalities and improving the long‐term outcome of pediatric IgAN both as an initial and as a rescue treatment.