bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Institutional change to support regime transformation: Lessons from Australia's water sector
Authors: Werbeloff Lara , Brown Rebekah , Cocklin Chris 
Published: June 2017

AbstractInstitutional change is fundamental to regime transformation, and a necessary part of moving toward integrated water management. However, insight into the role of institutional change processes in such transitions is currently limited. A more nuanced understanding of institutional frameworks is necessary, both to advance understanding of institutional change in the context of transitions toward improved water management and to inform strategies for guiding such processes. To this end, we examine two contemporary cases of transformative change in Australia's urban water sector, exploring the evolution of institutional change in each city. This paper offers insights into regime transformation, providing guidance on types of institutional structures and the ways structure‐change initiatives can be sequenced to support a transition. The results reveal the importance of regulation in embedding regime change and suggest that engagement with structural frameworks should begin early in transition processes to ensure the timely introduction of supporting regulation. Our findings also highlight the inextricable link between culture‐based and structure‐based change initiatives, and the importance of using a diverse range of institutional change mechanisms in a mutually reinforcing way to provide a strong foundation for change. These findings provide a foundation for further scholarly examination of institutional change mechanisms, while also serving to inform the strategic activities of transition‐oriented organizations and actors.
Comparison of DVH‐based plan verification methods for VMAT: ArcCHECK‐3DVH system and dynalog‐based dose reconstruction
Authors: Saito Masahide , Kadoya Noriyuki , Sato Kiyokazu , Ito Kengo , Dobashi Suguru , Takeda Ken , Onishi Hiroshi , Jingu Keiichi 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe purpose of this study was comparing dose‐volume histogram (DVH)‐based plan verification methods for volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) pretreatment QA. We evaluated two 3D dose reconstruction systems: ArcCHECK‐3DVH system (Sun Nuclear corp.) and Varian dynalog‐based dose reconstruction (DBDR) system, developed in‐house. Fifteen prostate cancer patients (67.6 Gy/26 Fr), four head and neck cancer patient (66 Gy/33 Fr), and four esophagus cancer patients (60 Gy/30 Fr) treated with VMAT were studied. First, ArcCHECK measurement was performed on all plans; simultaneously, the Varian dynalog data sets that contained the actual delivered parameters (leaf positions, gantry angles, and cumulative MUs) were acquired from the Linac control system. Thereafter, the delivered 3D patient dose was reconstructed by 3DVH software (two different calculating modes were used: High Sensitivity (3DVH‐HS) and Normal Sensitivity (3DVH‐NS)) and in‐house DBDR system. We evaluated the differences between the TPS‐calculated dose and the reconstructed dose using 3D gamma passing rates and DVH dose index analysis. The average 3D gamma passing rates (3%/3 mm) between the TPS‐calculated dose and the reconstructed dose were 99.1 ± 0.6%, 99.7 ± 0.3%, and 100.0 ± 0.1% for 3DVH–HS, 3DVH–NS, and DBDR, respectively. For the prostate cases, the average differences between the TPS‐calculated dose and reconstructed dose in the PTV mean dose were 1.52 ± 0.50%, −0.14 ± 0.55%, and −0.03 ± 0.07% for 3DVH–HS, 3DVH–NS, and DBDR, respectively. For the head and neck and esophagus cases, the dose difference to the TPS‐calculated dose caused by an effect of heterogeneity was more apparent under the 3DVH dose reconstruction than the DBDR. Although with some residual dose reconstruction errors, these dose reconstruction methods can be clinically used as effective tools for DVH‐based QA for VMAT delivery.
Bioactive nanofibrous structures based on hyaluronic acid
Authors: Pabjańczyk‐Wlazło Ewelina , Król Paulina , Krucińska Izabella , Chrzanowski Michał , Puchalski Michał , Szparaga Grzegorz , Kadłubowski Sławomir , Boguń Maciej 
Published: June 2017

AbstractStudies related to selection of molar mass of hyaluronic acid and analysis of rheological properties of hyaluronic acid solutions modified with bioactive substances, used in spinning, were undertaken within the presented work. A cephalosporin group antibiotic, Biofuroxime®, was used, together with the nanoadditives zinc oxide (ZnO) and hydroxyapatite (HAp). Electrospinning studies were performed on selected solutions using a large scale laboratory station, allowing the process to be performed using three nozzles supplying the spinning solution. Optimum electrospinning conditions were selected on the basis of the performed study, which allow fibrous structures made of elementary fibres with diameters below 200 nm to be obtained. Studies showed that the most preferred distance between the nozzle and the collecting manifold was 450 mm and the most preferred applied voltage was 30 kV. The obtained, modified nanofibres of hyaluronic acid comprise structures for use in the production of biomaterials with a wide range of applications in tissue engineering.
New Ultrasound Technology Is a Useful Training Adjunct for Invasive Procedures
Authors: Wilson Casey Lee , Keefe Devin , Ehmann Michael R. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe use of ultrasound for procedural guidance is an essential skill in emergency medicine (EM) and a required Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) competency for residents. Resident learners develop their skill set through hands‐on training and may benefit from an intervention that encourages proper technique, bolsters confidence, and improves procedural success. Clear Guide ONE, a Food and Drug Administration–approved technology, overlays real‐time virtual instrument navigation onto ultrasound displays to allow visualization of expected instrument trajectory prior to needle puncture, ensuring alignment with the target.ObjectivesThis study investigated computer‐assisted instrument guidance as an educational tool for residents in a simulation environment. Primarily, the study evaluated residents’ procedural speed and accuracy using ultrasound with and without the guidance device.MethodsA total of 34 residents were observed performing ultrasound‐guided needle placement in ballistic gel models with and without computer assistance in a simulation‐based observational crossover study. Scan time before needle insertion, time to target, total procedure time, number of needle redirections, and procedural accuracy were measured. A total of 104 observations were recorded with 52 in each group. Paired‐sample t‐test analysis was used to compare group performance. Secondary outcomes were derived from survey data assessing resident opinions about the device.ResultsThe computer‐guidance group significantly outperformed the ultrasound‐alone group in mean time to target, number of needle redirections, and procedural accuracy. There was no significant difference in mean scan time before needle insertion or total procedure time. Fifty percent of residents preferred the guidance system. Most residents (67%, n = 23) reported that the device increased confidence and the majority (94%, n = 32) reported perceived improvement in speed, accuracy, or both.ConclusionsUse of computer assistance technology for sonographic instrument guidance was successful in improving procedural accuracy, number of needle redirections, and time to target performance metrics and was well received by residents. This educational study suggests that this technology may emerge as a valuable tool in training EM residents to utilize ultrasound for procedures.
Pediatric Emergency Medicine Physicians’ Use of Point‐of‐care Ultrasound and Barriers to Implementation: A Regional Pilot Study
Authors: Gold Delia L. , Marin Jennifer R. , Haritos Demetris , Melissa Skaugset L. , Kline Jennifer M. , Stanley Rachel M. , Way David P. , Bahner David P. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectivesPoint‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) has been identified as a critical skill for pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) physicians. The purpose of this study was to profile the current status of PEM POCUS in pediatric emergency departments (EDs).MethodsAn electronic survey was distributed to PEM fellows and attending physicians at four major pediatric academic health centers. The 24‐item questionnaire covered professional demographics, POCUS experience and proficiency, and barriers to the use of POCUS in pediatric EDs. We used descriptive and inferential statistics to profile respondent's PEM POCUS experience and proficiency and Rasch analysis to evaluate barriers to implementation.ResultsOur return rate was 92.8% (128/138). Respondents were attending physicians (68%) and fellows (28%). Most completed pediatric residencies prior to PEM fellowship (83.6%). Almost all had some form of ultrasound education (113/128, 88.3%). Approximately half (46.9%) completed a formal ultrasound curriculum. More than half (53.2%) said their ultrasound education was pediatric‐specific. Most participants (67%) rated their POCUS proficiency low (Levels 1–2), while rating proficiency in other professional competencies (procedures 52%, emergency stabilization 70%) high (Levels 4–5). There were statistically significant differences in POCUS proficiency between those with formal versus informal ultrasound education (p < 0.001) and those from pediatric versus emergency medicine residencies (p < 0.05). Participants identified both personal barriers discomfort with POCUS skills (76.7%), insufficient educational time to learn POCUS (65%), and negative impact of POCUS on efficiency (58.5%)—and institutional barriers to the use of ultrasound‐consultants will not use ultrasound findings from the ED (60%); insufficient mentoring (64.7%), and POCUS not being a departmental priority (57%).ConclusionsWhile POCUS utilization continues to grow in PEM, significant barriers to full implementation still persist. One significant barrier relates to the need for dedicated time to learn and practice POCUS to achieve sufficient levels of proficiency for use in practice.
A Switchable Open/closed Polyaromatic Macrocycle that Shows Reversible Binding of Long Hydrophilic Molecules
Authors: Kurihara Kohei , Yazaki Kohei , Akita Munetaka , Yoshizawa Michito 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn spite of wide‐ranging previous studies on synthetic macrocycles, the installation of open–close functions into the frameworks remains a challenge. We present a new polyaromatic macrocycle capable of switching between open and closed forms in response to external stimuli, namely, base and acid. The macrocycle, which is prepared in three steps, has a well‐defined hydrophobic cavity with a length of around 1 nm, surrounded by four pH‐responsive acridinium panels. The open and closed structures were confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. The cylindrical cavity can bind long hydrophilic molecules up to 2.7 nm in length in neutral water and then release the bound guests through a reversible open‐to‐closed structural change upon simple addition of base.
Geometry‐Retentive C‐Alkenylation of Lithiated α‐Aminonitriles: Quaternary α‐Alkenyl Amino Acids and Hydantoins
Authors: Mas‐Roselló Josep , Hachisu Shuji , Clayden Jonathan 
Published: June 2017

Abstractα‐Amino nitriles tethered to alkenes through a urea linkage undergo intramolecular C‐alkenylation on treatment with base by attack of the lithionitrile derivatives on the N′‐alkenyl group. A geometry‐retentive alkene shift affords stereospecifically the E or Z isomer of the 5‐alkenyl‐4‐iminohydantoin products from the corresponding starting E‐ or Z‐N′‐alkenyl urea, each of which may be formed from the same N‐allyl precursor by stereodivergent alkene isomerization. The reaction, formally a nucleophilic substitution at an sp2 carbon atom, allows the direct regioselective incorporation of mono‐, di‐, tri‐, and tetrasubstituted olefins at the α‐carbon of amino acid derivatives. The initially formed 5‐alkenyl iminohydantoins may be hydrolyzed and oxidatively deprotected to yield hydantoins and unsaturated α‐quaternary amino acids.
Remarkable SERS Activity Observed from Amorphous ZnO Nanocages
Authors: Wang Xiaotian , Shi Wenxiong , Jin Zhao , Huang Weifeng , Lin Jie , Ma Guanshui , Li Shuzhou , Guo Lin 
Published: June 2017

AbstractEnhancement of the semiconductor–molecule interaction, in particular, promoting the interfacial charge transfer process (ICTP), is key to improving the sensitivity of semiconductor‐based surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Herein, by developing amorphous ZnO nanocages (a‐ZnO NCs), we successfully obtained an ultrahigh enhancement factor of up to 6.62×105. This remarkable SERS sensitivity can be attributed to high‐efficiency ICTP within a‐ZnO NC molecule system, which is caused by metastable electronic states of a‐ZnO NCs. First‐principles density functional theory (DFT) simulations further confirmed a stronger ICTP in a‐ZnO NCs than in their crystalline counterparts. The efficient ICTP can even generate π bonding in Zn−S bonds peculiar to the mercapto molecule adsorbed a‐ZnO NCs, which has been verified through the X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure (XANES) characterization. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time such remarkable SERS activity has been observed within amorphous semiconductor nanomaterials, which could open a new frontier for developing highly sensitive and stable SERS technology.
Powder Catalyst Fixation for Post‐Electrolysis Structural Characterization of NiFe Layered Double Hydroxide Based Oxygen Evolution Reaction Electrocatalysts
Authors: Andronescu Corina , Barwe Stefan , Ventosa Edgar , Masa Justus , Vasile Eugeniu , Konkena Bharathi , Möller Sandra , Schuhmann Wolfgang 
Published: June 2017

AbstractHighly active electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution (OER) reaction are in most cases powder nanomaterials, which undergo substantial changes upon applying the high potentials required for high‐current‐density oxygen evolution. Owing to the vigorous gas evolution, the durability under OER conditions is disappointingly low for most powder electrocatalysts as there are no strategies to securely fix powder catalysts onto electrode surfaces. Thus reliable studies of catalysts during or after the OER are often impaired. Herein, we propose the use of composites made from precursors of polybenzoxazines and organophilically modified NiFe layered double hydroxides (LDHs) to form a stable and highly conducting catalyst layer, which allows the study of the catalyst before and after electrocatalysis. Characterization of the material by XRD, SEM, and TEM before and after 100 h electrolysis in 5 m KOH at 60 °C and a current density of 200 mA cm−2 revealed previously not observed structural changes.
Bioinspired flame retardant polymers of tyrosol
Authors: Bouldin Ryan M. , Xia Zhiyu , Klement Thomas J. , Kiratitanavit Weeradech , Nagarajan Ramaswamy 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTThe enzyme catalyzed polymerization of flame retardant (FR) polymers from the renewable resource 2‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl) ethanol (HPE), commonly known as tyrosol, is presented. The synthesis is environmentally friendly and requires only monomer, peroxidase catalyst, dilute hydrogen peroxide, and deionized water. Phenolic polymers are produced in short, one pot, high yield reactions that require minimal purification. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and 1H‐NMR analysis suggest the polymers are coupled through the 1, 2, 4, and 5 positions of the phenol ring and through the phenoxy substituent. Thermogravimetric analysis and pyrolysis combustion flow calorimeter show HPE homopolymers exhibit very low heat release rate and total heat release, while copolymerization with phenol increases already high char yields. Gel permeation chromatography reveals the molecular weight of the polymer increases with ethanol cosolvent concentration. The alcohol cosolvent also increases the proportion of oxyphenylene linkages to the detriment of FR properties. Preliminary quantitative structure–activity relationship toxicity modeling predicts the polymers are negative for developmental toxicity and Ames mutagenicity. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45394.
Hydrolysable preformed gels for conformance control in oilwells: Properties and degradation
Authors: Luo Jie , Wang Chengsheng , Li Xian'e , Chen Shijia , Feng Yujun 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTConformance control using preformed gels (PGs) is an effective method to reduce water cut in production oilwells. However, PGs are unable to thicken formation of water, and the improvement of water‐oil mobility is limited. Compared with PGs, hydrolysable PGs (HPGs) with labile crosslinker incorporated could thicken the brine gradually. In this study, a series of HPGs were prepared based on labile crosslinker poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate, self‐crosslinker N,N‐dimethylacrylamide (DMAM), and nanomaterial laponite. The long‐term thermal stability, swelling property, and thickening power of the HPGs were successively examined. It was demonstrated that DMAM remarkably improved the long‐term thermal stability of HPGs, and also imparted the swelling and thickening properties during aging period, while laponite effectively increased the viscosity of HPGs suspension but weakened the swelling ratio. Degradation monitored by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy indicated that HPGs are decrosslinked gradually through the hydrolysis of labile crosslinker and then release a terpolymer of acrylamide, acrylate, and DMAM. The hybrid fluid containing the terpolymer and nanomaterial resulted in the increased viscosity of HPGs suspension. Artificial core flooding results showed that HPGs have good sealing capacity for conformance control, and incremental oil was recovered by using HPGs against traditional PGs with similar plugging efficiency owing to the increased viscosity of the HPGs dispersion. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45413.
Effect of aggregate size on liquid absorption characteristics of konjac glucomannan superabsorbent
Authors: Yang Fang , Zhang Mei , Yang Hao , Yan Wenli , Jiang Fatang 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTIn this article, four kinds of konjac glucomannan based superabsorbent polymers (KSAPs) with different aggregate sizes were obtained by sieving the KSAP powders manually. They were characterized by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and optical contact angle (OCA), and the effects of aggregate size on liquid absorption characteristics of KSAP were studied in detail. The results show that the coarse KSAP particles were aggregated by many microspheres, while the fine particles were well dispersed with 50–150 µm particle size. OCA dynamic images showed the enhanced hydrophilicity for the finer particles. The liquid absorption measurements demonstrated that water and physiological saline absorption velocity of KSAP increased for the finer particles, while their ultimate water holding capacity decreased accordingly. The liquid absorption capacity of the finest sample (75 µm) could reach its maximum value (332.5 ± 5.6 g/g) in 0.5 min, while the coarsest sample (850 µm) reached the maximum value (532.5 ± 1.2 g/g) in 16 min. The reason for this phenomenon was discussed, and a new model was proposed to explain it. We believe that the results of this article would be meaningful in application of KSAP as superabsorbent materials. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45416.
Thermoplastic polydimethylsiloxane with l‐phenylalanine‐based hydrogen‐bond networks
Authors: Tazawa Shunsuke , Shimojima Atsushi , Maeda Tomoki , Hotta Atsushi 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTThermoplastic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) containing l‐phenylalanine was synthesized by the liquid‐phase synthesis method with an Fmoc‐protected amino acid and by the condensation polymerization. In order to investigate the mechanical and the thermoplastic properties of the PDMS with l‐phenylalanine, the tensile testing and the dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) were conducted. From the results of the tensile testing, it was found that the stress at break of the PDMS with l‐phenylalanine nearly became seven times higher than that of the PDMS without l‐phenylalanine. The DMA results revealed that the PDMS could maintain its storage modulus for three heating cycles, while the melting temperature was also kept at ∼120 °C. Moreover, the mechanical property was analyzed through two remolding cycles, and it was found that the PDMS could almost maintain its mechanical property after the heat remolding. Finally, it was found that the PDMS also possessed some self‐healing property, where the Young's modulus of the cut PDMS could maintain at least 70% of its original Young's modulus after contact and self‐healing. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45419.
Luminescence Color Tuning from Blue to Near Infrared of Stable Luminescent Solid Materials Based on Bis‐o‐Carborane‐Substituted Oligoacenes
Authors: Naito Hirofumi , Nishino Kenta , Morisaki Yasuhiro , Tanaka Kazuo , Chujo Yoshiki 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAryl‐substituted o‐carboranes have shown highly efficient solid‐state emission in previous studies. To demonstrate color tuning of the solid‐state emission in an aryl‐o‐carborane‐based system, bis‐o‐carborane‐substituted oligoacenes were synthesized and their properties were systematically investigated. Optical and electrochemical measurements revealed efficient decreases in energy band gaps and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) levels by adding a number of fused benzene rings for the extension of π‐conjugation. As a consequence, bright solid‐state emission was observed in the region from blue to near infrared (NIR). Furthermore, various useful features were obtained from the modified o‐carboranes as an optical material. The naphthalene derivatives exhibited aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) and almost 100 % quantum efficiency in the crystalline state. Furthermore, it was shown that the tetracene derivative with NIR‐emissive properties had high durability toward photo‐bleaching under UV irradiation.