bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rubber tree transpiration in the lowlands of Sumatra
Authors: Niu Furong , Röll Alexander , Meijide Ana , Hendrayanto  , Hölscher Dirk 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe expansion of rubber cultivation in Southeast Asia raises concerns about the integrity of the hydrological cycle. From mainland Asia, high evapotranspiration from rubber plantations was reported. Our study was conducted in the Sumatran lowlands (Indonesia), where rubber is grown by small holders under maritime climate. We assessed patterns of water use with sap flux methods, focusing on influences of tree age and size. We first tested a field measurement scheme in methodological experiments and subsequently applied it to 10 plots in monocultural rubber plantations. Among fully leaved, mature stands, maximum sap flux densities decreased with increasing tree diameter in 14‐ and 16‐year‐old plantations, but not in 7‐ and 8‐year‐old ones. Consequently, tree water use increased more steeply with increasing diameter in the younger than in the older plantations. In contrast to this, among the same five mature plantations, stand‐scale transpiration decreased with increasing mean tree diameter and height. This was due to a negative linear relationship between diameter and stand density. Among seven fully leaved plantations, stand age explained 95% of the site‐to‐site variability in transpiration. Temporally, rubber transpiration showed pronounced seasonality due to leaf shedding. Transpiration in our study was substantially lower than in rubber plantations in mainland Asia; reasons include differences in methods, management, and climate. In Sumatra, rubber may be ecohydrologically less concerning than, for example, oil palm plantations, due to low transpiration and periodical leaf shedding. Our study endorses the importance of considering age, management, climate, and species in ecohydrological assessments of tropical plantation landscapes.
Effect of rolling methods and storage on volatile constituents of Turkish black tea
Authors: Ozdemir Feramuz , Tontul Ismail , Balci‐Torun Ferhan , Topuz Ayhan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe leaves of harvested tea [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] can be processed into different products such as black tea, green tea and oolong tea. Black tea is the mostly consumed worldwide among these products. Black tea production is achieved by a series of processing steps namely withering, rolling, fermentation, drying, sieving and packaging. Rolling is one of the most important steps in the production as it ensures uniform maceration of tea leaves and promotes oxidation reactions catalysed by phenol oxidase enzymes during the fermentation process. The rolling of tea leaves is generally performed by either Crushing‐Tearing‐Curling (CTC), rotorvane or Orthodox methods. However, in Turkey, rolling is also performed using a combination of rotorvane and orthodox which is called the “ÇAYKUR” method. The rolling method provides a unique taste and flavours. Thus, this study was conducted to compare volatile constituents of the black teas produced by the above rolling methods and to determine the volatiles during the 6‐month storage period. Some specific compounds such as 2,6‐nonadienal, 3‐hexen‐2‐one and dodecanal for ÇAYKUR, 2,5‐octanedione for Orthodox and methylpyrazine for CTC were identified to differentiate the rolling system. This study also showed that a few compounds can be used as markers of storage. The number and amounts of volatiles, especially compounds with a high molecular weight, increased by storage. In addition, the flavour quality of the teas was evaluated by the Wickremasinghe–Yamanishi ratio (WYR), Mahanta ratio (MR) and Owuor Flavour Index.
Parenting contributors to early emerging problem behaviour in children of mothers in methadone maintenance treatment
Authors: Finger Brent , Jobin Allison , Bernstein Victor J. , Hans Sydney 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis study explored whether variations in parenting provided by mothers with substance‐abuse disorders are related to behaviour problems in their young children and whether specific parenting practices are associated with specific types of behaviour problems. Mother‐reported and observational assessments were used to examine contributions of parenting behaviour and home environment to internalizing and externalizing behaviour problems in 150 preschool children of mothers receiving methadone‐maintenance treatment for heroin addiction. In multivariate analyses, mother‐reported child externalizing behaviour was related to greater maternal harshness and to mother history of illicit drug use during pregnancy but not other features of substance use and treatment history. Observer‐coded child internalizing behaviour was related to less maternal sensitivity and less provision of learning activities in the home. Additionally, mother report of her own psychopathology symptoms was related to mother‐reported, but not observer‐coded, child internalizing and externalizing problems. Findings suggest that women in substance abuse treatment should receive parenting interventions and that interventions should focus on increasing maternal sensitivity, reducing harshness, and providing children with cognitively stimulating environments. Findings also suggest that the need for attention to ongoing mental health problems of women in substance abuse treatment—both for their own well‐being and the well‐being of their children.Highlights

This study explored whether variations in parenting provided by mothers with substance‐abuse disorders are related to behavior problems in their young children.
Maternal harshness was related to child externalizing behavior, low sensitivity, and low provision of learning opportunities to child internalizing problems.
Findings suggest that women in substance abuse treatment should be provided access to parenting interventions.
The effects of type of instruction, animacy cues, and dimensionality of objects on the shape bias in 3‐ to 6‐year‐old children
Authors: Davidson Denise , Rainey Vanessa R. , Vanegas Sandra B. , Hilvert Elizabeth 
Published: June 2017

AbstractRobust evidence exists for the shape bias, or children's tendency to extend novel names and categorize objects more readily on the basis of shape than on other object features. However, issues remain about the conditions that affect the shape bias and its importance as a linguistic device. In this research, we examined how type of instruction (common noun naming,proper noun naming,same kind, andgoes with), animacy of objects (animate, inanimate), and dimensionality of objects (two‐dimensional, three‐dimensional) affect the shape bias in 3‐ to 6‐year‐old children. Overall, all children showed strong use of the shape bias with categorization (same kind, goes with) instructions, the former in line with the shape‐as‐cue theory. Additionally, the shape bias was quite robust in the inanimate condition, regardless of type of instruction or dimensionality of objects. However, in the animate condition, aproper noun naminginstruction coupled with an animate object cue reduced the shape bias across both two‐ and three‐dimensional objects. Implications of these findings are presented.HighlightsThis study assessed the “shape bias,” a linguistic strategy young children routinely use when confronted with the task of extending a novel name from one object to another.Novel name extension and categorization tasks were used in this study.Shape bias was affected by the type of instructions, animacy of objects, and dimensionality of objects.
Lucerastat, an Iminosugar for Substrate Reduction Therapy: Pharmacokinetics, Tolerability, and Safety in Subjects With Mild, Moderate, and Severe Renal Function Impairment
Authors: Guérard Nicolas , Zwingelstein Christian , Dingemanse Jasper 
Published: June 2017

AbstractLucerastat, an inhibitor of glucosylceramide synthase, has the potential for substrate reduction therapy in glycosphingolipid storage disorders such as Fabry disease. In pharmacokinetic studies in rats, dogs, and healthy subjects, the main route of elimination was renal. The pharmacokinetics, tolerability, and safety of lucerastat were evaluated in subjects with mild (group A), moderate (group B), and severe (group C) renal impairment. Group D included healthy subjects. Thirty‐two subjects (8 per group) were included in this single‐center, open‐label study and received a single oral dose of 1000 mg lucerastat in groups A and B and 500 mg in groups C and D. The degree of renal impairment of the subjects was based on estimated glomerular filtration rate. Plasma lucerastat concentrations (dose‐corrected) were higher in groups B and C compared to group D. The elimination phase half‐life was slower in groups B (9.6 hours) and C (16.1 hours) compared to group D (7.0 hours). Increased exposure to lucerastat was observed in subjects from groups B and C with ratio of geometric means (90%CI) of 1.60 (1.29, 1.98) for group B vs D and 3.17 (2.76, 3.65) for group C vs D. There were no clinically relevant abnormalities in vital signs, 12‐lead electrocardiograms, and clinical laboratory values. Four nonserious adverse events were reported by 4 subjects (1 in group A, 3 in group D). Lucerastat was well tolerated in all dose groups. Dose adjustment is warranted in subjects with moderate and severe renal impairment.
Population Pharmacokinetics of Imatinib in Nigerians With Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: Clinical Implications for Dosing and Resistance
Authors: Adeagbo Babatunde Ayodeji , Olugbade Tiwalade Adewale , Durosinmi Muheez Alani , Bolarinwa Rahman Ayodele , Ogungbenro Kayode , Bolaji Oluseye Oladotun 
Published: June 2017

AbstractImatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is the drug of choice for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia in Nigeria. Several studies have established interindividual and interpopulation variations in imatinib disposition although no pharmacokinetic study have been conducted in an African population since the introduction of the drug. This study explored a population pharmacokinetic approach to investigate the disposition of imatinib in Nigerians and examined the involvement of some covariates including genetic factors in the variability of the drug disposition with a view to optimize the use of the drug in this population. A total of 250 plasma concentrations from 126 chronic myeloid leukemia patients were quantified using a validated method. A population pharmacokinetic model was fitted to the data using NONMEM VII software, and the influences of 12 covariates were investigated. The mean population‐derived apparent steady‐state clearance, elimination half‐life, area under the concentration‐time curve over 24 hours, and volume of distribution were 17.2 ± 1.8 L/h., 12.05 ± 2.1 hours, 23.26 ± 0.6 μg·h/mL, and 299 ± 20.4 L, respectively. Whole blood count, ethnicity, CYP3A5*3, and ABCB1 C3435T were found to have significant influence on the apparent clearance, while the interindividual variability in clearance and interoccasion variability in bioavailability were 17.4% and 20.4%, respectively. There was a wide variability in apparent clearance and area under the curve compared to those reported in other populations. Thus, treatment with a standard dose of imatinib in this population may not produce the desired effect in most of the patients, whereas continuous exposure to a low drug concentration could lead to pharmacokinetic‐derived resistance. The authors suggest the need for therapeutic drug monitoring–guided dose individualization in this population.
Disseminated Mycobacterium intracellulare infection with multiple abscesses on extremities in a woman with chronic corticosteroid therapy
Authors: Yaita Kenichiro , Akiyoshi Hisashi , Nakae Ichiro , Kawasaki Yuji , Nakama Kenjiro , Sakai Yoshiro , Masunaga Kenji , Watanabe Hiroshi 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA 78‐year‐old Japanese woman with rheumatoid arthritis was admitted to our hospital due to fever. She had been prescribed prednisolone and bucillamine. Computed tomography revealed abscesses on extremities. M. intracellulare was cultured from her calcaneus osteomyelitis, and this result pointed to a disseminated mycobacterial infection. We drained the abscesses and found M. intracellulare. We started antimycobacterial agents, but the patient died finally. Disseminated mycobacterial infection is rare but critical, and the possibility of such an infection in an immunocompromised patient should be a prime consideration when choosing appropriate drugs and surgical approaches.
Greater sage‐grouse nest survival in Northwestern Wyoming
Authors: Taylor Jimmy D. , Holt R. Douglas , Orning Elizabeth K. , Young Julie K. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTNest survival, along with female survival and chick survival, is the most important vital rates to population growth of greater sage‐grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus; sage‐grouse). We used global positioning system and very high‐frequency transmitters on female sage‐grouse to identify 204 nests and monitor incubation on 5 sites in the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming from 2011 to 2014; we determined nest fate and identified predators with camera traps. We used an information‐theoretic approach to compare 6a priorinest survival models. Nest survival was best described by a model that included differences across study sites and ranged from 0.20 ± 0.01 (SE) to 0.56 ± 0.05. Coyotes (Canis latrans) were the apex predator, and coyotes were removed annually by United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Inspection Service, Wildlife Services on 4 of 5 sites to reduce depredation to livestock and big game (removal = 0–0.56 coyotes/km2/site). Coyotes were the greatest contributor to nest failure, followed by common ravens (Corvus corax), abandonment, and female mortality. The direct effect of nest depredation by coyotes was greater than other reported sage‐grouse studies, yet our nest survival rates were consistent with others reported throughout the species range. Coyote removal did not appear to have indirect effects, such as a mesopredator release, on nest survival. Nest survival was least on a site where coyotes and ravens depredated nests at nearly the same rate, and where ravens were observed nesting on infrastructure close to nesting sage‐grouse. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
On simulation improvement of the Noah_LSM by coupling with a hydrological model using a double‐excess runoff production scheme in the GRAPES_Meso model
Authors: Wang Lili , Chen Dehui , Bao Hongjun , Zhang Ke 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTLand surface models play an important role in simulating mass, energy and momentum exchanges between the atmosphere and land surface in numerical weather prediction systems. The Noah land surface model (Noah_LSM) is adapted to describe the water and energy balance in the GRAPES_Meso model (V4.0). However, the Noah_LSM does not distinguish the infiltration‐excess runoff and the saturation‐excess runoff effects and does not simulate runoff routing, making its applicability limited in China. In this work, the Noah_LSM was improved by incorporating double‐excess runoff production and routing schemes. The double‐excess runoff production scheme is based on the depletion of water storage coupling with the Holtan method. The Muskingum model is used for routing. To evaluate the performance of the improved model, numerical simulations were carried out using the old and improved models to investigate the feedback of changes in the land surface hydrological model to numerical simulations for meteorology. The results demonstrate that the improved land surface hydrological model affects numerical simulations for meteorology in terms of the soil temperature, soil moisture, air temperature and wind speed as well as predicting rainfall events better in terms of the rainfall regime.
Preparation and characterization of glass fiber–reinforced polyethylene terephthalate/linear low density polyethylene (GF‐PET/LLDPE) composites
Authors: Alqaflah Abdulmajeed M. , Alotaibi Muhammad L. , Aldossery Jiyad N. , Alghamdi Mohammed S. , Alsewailem Fares D. 
Published: June 2017

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was melt blended with linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) and subsequently compounded with glass fibers (GF) as reinforcements at percentages ranging from 15 to 45 wt% of LLDPE and 5 to 30 wt% of GF. Thermal, morphological, and mechanical properties of the prepared composites were investigated. It was found that compounding PET/LLDPE blends with GF would be beneficial in producing composites that are thermally stable with good mechanical properties. For example, the impact strength of the composites containing 85/15 wt% (PET/LLDPE) at relatively high loading of GF, ie, from 15 to 30 wt%, was higher than that of the GF‐reinforced neat PET. When increasing the percentage of LLDPE in the composites, the impact strength increased with increasing GF content, and this was also better than that of GF‐reinforced PET whose impact strength drastically decreased upon increasing the GF%. The improvement in mechanical properties of the composite, we suggest, should be correlated with the morphologies of the composites where the visualized interface adhesion tended to be better at higher loadings of both LLDPE and GF.
The influence of noncovalent interactions in metal‐free organic dye molecules to augment the efficiency of dye sensitized solar cells: A computational study
Authors: Biswas Abul Kalam , Das Amitava , Ganguly Bishwajit 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe efficiency of dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) can be enhanced with achieving better planarity of metal‐free organic dye molecules and thinning of their aggregation on the semiconductor surface. We report that the subtle noncovalent N…S interaction between the substituted phosphazene group and thiophene spacer unit in dye molecule which induces the desired planarity and avoid aggregation of such molecules on the TiO2 surface using DFT calculations. DFT results show that phosphazene group increases the maximum absorption wavelength (λmax), driving force for electrons injection (ΔGinjection), singlet excited state lifetime (τ), dipole moments (μnormal), and number of electrons transferred from dye to TiO2 surface (Δq), which are known to augment the efficiency of DSSCs. Further, the lower ΔGregeneration value of phosphazene containing dyes (e.g., –.37 eV, dye 2) than the reported dyes (e.g., –.81 eV, dye 1) indicate the faster electron injection rate from the former dye to the semiconductor TiO2. The role of phosphazene group to prevent the aggregation of dye molecules on the TiO2 anatase surface was also examined with GGA‐PBE/DNP level of theory. The calculated results suggest that the dye molecules on 1‐(TiO2)38 and 2‐(TiO2)38 anatase clusters avoids the aggregation due to the steric congestion induced by phosphazene group. This work reports to accomplish dual properties with subtle noncovalent interactions in dye molecules to augment the efficiency in DSSCs.
Population dynamics of brown trout in a Minnesota (USA) stream: A 25‐year study
Authors: Mundahl N.D. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBrown trout (Salmo trutta) were surveyed by mark recapture in a 200‐m section of Gilmore Creek, Minnesota, annually during fall 1989–2013 to assess long‐term trends in abundance. Young‐of‐year (YOY) fish comprised >68% of the population annually, but age 3 and older fish were present in 23 of 25 years. Trout abundance varied irregularly, peaking every 4 to 6 years. Fall densities of YOY brown trout were positively correlated with median annual stream discharge but inversely correlated with 10% exceedance discharge in May, at a nearby gaged stream. Changes in brown trout abundances were synchronized with those of trout in 2 nearby streams. Annual mortality rates (mean = 74%) and sizes of YOY trout were correlated with YOY densities, with high densities (>1.0 fish/m2) producing small size during fall and high cohort mortality. High YOY densities resulted in low proportional size structure‐quality (PSSQ, <20%) 1 and 2 years later. If similar brown trout population dynamics occur in other streams within the region, interpretation of short‐term studies of brown trout (e.g., regulation evaluations, creel surveys, population response to habitat improvement, seasonal movements, and growth rates) may be confounded.
Preference by juvenile Chinese sucker Myxocyprinus asiaticus, for substrate colour in zero versus slow velocity regimes suggest a change in habitat preference of wild juveniles after damming the Yangtze river
Authors: Shi X. , Chen Q. , Kynard B. , Gu X. , Liu D. , Luo J. , Han R. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractHabitat preference of benthic riverine juvenile Chinese sucker, Myxocyprinus asiaticus, a protected species in China, is poorly understood. This situation makes it difficult to evaluate the potential impacts on juveniles after river alteration. To better understand the impact of damming, we studied preference of cultured juvenile Chinese sucker (7.90–8.55 cm, standard length) for dark versus light substrate colours in 2 velocity regimes: zero velocity (like on a reservoir bottom) and in a slow water current of 0.15–0.19 cm/s (like on the bottom of a slow flowing stream). In the slow current regime, juveniles chose black substrate during the day and night. This likely represents the natural substrate preference by wild suckers in a river. However, in the zero velocity regime, juveniles chose a black substrate during the day, but switched preference to a white substrate at night. The results suggest wild juveniles in the natural Yangtze River have evolved a preference for a black substrate during the day and night. However, after the river was impounded by the Three Gorges Dam and bottom velocity changed to a static regime, juveniles in the reservoir changed substrate colour preference and now prefer a light‐coloured substrate colour at night. Thus, damming likely caused a major behavioural change by juveniles. The adaptive significance and effect on fitness of this change in habitat preference is not known but should be investigated as wild Chinese sucker continue to decline in abundance.