bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of marine protected areas and exclusive economic zones in the subtropical western North Atlantic Ocean by large highly mobile sharks
Authors: Graham Fiona , Rynne Patrick , Estevanez Maria , Luo Jiangang , Ault Jerald S. , Hammerschlag Neil 
Published: February 2016

AbstractStudy aim and locationMany populations of highly mobile marine fishes, including large sharks, are experiencing declines. The benefits of spatial management zones, such as marine protected areas (MPAs), for such animals are unclear. To help fill this knowledge gap, we examined core habitat use areas (CHUAs) for bull (Carcharhinus leucas), great hammerhead (Sphyrna mokarran) and tiger sharks (Galeocerdo cuvier) in relation to specific MPAs and exclusive economic zones (EEZs) in the western North Atlantic Ocean.MethodsBull, great hammerhead and tiger sharks (N = 86 total) were satellite tagged and tracked in southern Florida and the northern Bahamas between 2010 and 2013. Filtered and regularized positions from Argos locations of tag transmissions were used to generate CHUAs for these sharks. Overlaps of CHUAs with regional protected areas and exclusive economic management zones were quantified to determine the proportion of each tracked shark's CHUA under spatial protection from exploitation.ResultsA total of 0%, 17.9% and 34.7% of the regional CHUAs for tracked bull, great hammerhead and tiger sharks, respectively, were fully protected from exploitation in the study area.Main conclusionsExpansion of protected areas to include U.S. territorial waters would effectively protect 100% of the CHUAs for all tracked sharks in the study area. This finding is particularly significant for great hammerhead sharks, which are currently overfished, vulnerable to bycatch mortality and are the focus of strident regional conservation efforts. These findings also provide a means to inform decision makers and marine conservation planning efforts as to the types of management actions available and potential efficacy of spatial protections for these marine predators.
Moneymakers and Craftsmen: A Platonic Approach to Privatization
Authors: Thakkar Jonny 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDebates over the privatization of formerly public industries and services are common in contemporary politics. The overall goal of this paper is to suggest a normative framework within which deliberations over public ownership might take place. I draw this framework from Plato'sRepublic, which I claim justifies public ownership as a means for ensuring that citizens labour as craftsmen rather than moneymakers; according to Plato's social ontology, only craftsmen can constitute a genuine society and hence enjoy access to the full array of goods for the sake of which society comes into existence. This justificatory structure implies that public ownership is only a means for ensuring the appropriate teleology of labour; if there turn out to be better means, so be it. But what does turn out to be indispensable on this view, as G. A. Cohen understood, is an ethos of justice, especially among those in charge of regulating social institutions.
Female House Mice do not Differ in Their Exploratory Behaviour from Males
Authors: Vošlajerová Bímová Barbora , Mikula Ondřej , Macholán Miloš , Janotová Kateřina , Hiadlovská Zuzana 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDispersal is an important ecological trait affecting genetic variation and dynamics of populations. Hence, the exploratory behaviour prior to actual dispersal may be crucial for potentially dispersing individuals. In mammals, females are traditionally seen as the more philopatric sex and dispersal as male‐biased behaviour, and so behavioural strategies related to the exploration of novel resources should be differentially expressed in males and females. In addition, due to sexual selection exploratory strategies may be expected to vary according to females’ reproductive phase. We employed a standard open‐field test as an approximation of the first phase of dispersal, using adult house mice representing two subspecies, M. m. musculus and M. m. domesticus. We tested the prediction that exploration of neutral area varies in females during different phases of the oestrus cycle and is different between both sexes and subspecies. We expected to find higher exploration in males, as the more dispersing sex and less pronounced subspecies‐specific differences in females than in males. We found no significant effect of the oestrous phase on any of the parameters of the exploratory behaviour measured. Sexual dimorphism was found only in latency to enter the arena in M. m. domesticus where females hesitated longer to enter a new area than males. Significant subspecies‐specific differences were found in three of four tested exploration parameters, so we conclude that females of both subspecies follow similar strategies to those displayed by males. Musculus mice show shorter latency to enter a new area, but once inside, domesticus mice explore the arena significantly longer, with less frequent retreats to a shelter. Our results thus highlight that the role of female dispersal in interdemic gene flow should not be neglected.
Hybridization and extinction
Authors: Todesco Marco , Pascual Mariana A. , Owens Gregory L. , Ostevik Katherine L. , Moyers Brook T. , Hübner Sariel , Heredia Sylvia M. , Hahn Min A. , Caseys Celine , Bock Dan G. , Rieseberg Loren H. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractHybridization may drive rare taxa to extinction through genetic swamping, where the rare form is replaced by hybrids, or by demographic swamping, where population growth rates are reduced due to the wasteful production of maladaptive hybrids. Conversely, hybridization may rescue the viability of small, inbred populations. Understanding the factors that contribute to destructive versus constructive outcomes of hybridization is key to managing conservation concerns. Here, we survey the literature for studies of hybridization and extinction to identify the ecological, evolutionary, and genetic factors that critically affect extinction risk through hybridization. We find that while extinction risk is highly situation dependent, genetic swamping is much more frequent than demographic swamping. In addition, human involvement is associated with increased risk and high reproductive isolation with reduced risk. Although climate change is predicted to increase the risk of hybridization‐induced extinction, we find little empirical support for this prediction. Similarly, theoretical and experimental studies imply that genetic rescue through hybridization may be equally or more probable than demographic swamping, but our literature survey failed to support this claim. We conclude that halting the introduction of hybridization‐prone exotics and restoring mature and diverse habitats that are resistant to hybrid establishment should be management priorities.
The piracatinga, Calophysus macropterus, production chain in the Middle Solimões River, Amazonas, Brazil
Authors: Franco D. , Sobrane Filho S. , Martins A. , Marmontel M. , Botero‐Arias R. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPiracatinga, Calophysus macropterus Lichtenstein, was not exploited in Brazil until the early 2000s, when fish pressure increased markedly due to growing demands. The methods for capturing piracatinga involve the use of caiman and dolphin carcasses as bait; and the growing organization of the hunting and marketing of these animals raises concern. This study describes the production chain of piracatinga fishing in the region of the middle Solimões River, in Brazilian Amazonia. It was conducted in 19 local communities of the Mamirauá Reserve; data were collected from 50 individuals involved in the activity, divided into eight categories within the production chain. The production of piracatinga reaches its peak in the first months of the closed season for other fishes. The average profit margins of the activity between 2011 and 2013 were higher than those of other artisanal fishing activities, but they varied from 38% of losses by event to profits of 90%. The use of corrals and baits from aquatic vertebrates in piracatinga fishing are exclusive to this activity. It is important to develop participatory and sustainable options, such as the use of commercial fishes as bait or the engagement of the people involved in legal activities.
Feeding behaviour, predatory functional responses and trophic interactions of the invasive Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) and signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus)
Authors: Rosewarne Paula J , Mortimer Robert J.G. , Newton Robert J. , Grocock Christopher , Wing Christopher D. , Dunn Alison M. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryFreshwaters are subject to particularly high rates of species introductions; hence, invaders increasingly co‐occur and may interact to enhance impacts on ecosystem structure and function. As trophic interactions are a key mechanism by which invaders influence communities, we used a combination of approaches to investigate the feeding preferences and community impacts of two globally invasive large benthic decapods that co‐occur in freshwaters: the signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) and Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis).In laboratory preference tests, both consumed similar food items, including chironomids, isopods and the eggs of two coarse fish species. In a comparison of predatory functional responses with a native crayfish (Austropotamobius pallipes), juvenileE. sinensishad a greater predatory intensity than the nativeA. pallipeson the keystone shredderGammarus pulex, and also displayed a greater preference thanP. leniusculusfor this prey item.In outdoor mesocosms (n = 16) used to investigate community impacts, the abundance of amphipods, isopods, chironomids and gastropods declined in the presence of decapods, and a decapod >gastropod >periphyton trophic cascade was detected when both species were present.Eriocheir sinensisaffected a wider range of animal taxa thanP. leniusculus.Stable‐isotope and gut‐content analysis of wild‐caught adult specimens of both invaders revealed a wide and overlapping range of diet items including macrophytes, algae, terrestrial detritus, macroinvertebrates and fish. Both decapods were similarly enriched in15N and occupied the same trophic level as Ephemeroptera, Odonata and Notonecta.Eriocheir sinensisδ13C values were closely aligned with macrophytes indicating a reliance on energy from this basal resource, supported by evidence of direct consumption from gut contents.Pacifastacus leniusculusδ13C values were intermediate between those of terrestrial leaf litter and macrophytes, suggesting reliance on both allochthonous and autochthonous energy pathways.Our results suggest thatE. sinensisis likely to exert a greater per capita impact on the macroinvertebrate communities in invaded systems thanP. leniusculus, with potential indirect effects on productivity and energy flow through the community.
HLA‐A, HLA‐B, HLA‐DRB1 allele and haplotype frequencies of 14 529 Chinese Han bone marrow donors living in Dalian, China
Authors: Shao L. N. , Zhang S. T. , Yu W. J. , Zhou S. H. , Duan Y. , Pan L. Z. , Wang N. , Hu Y. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryWe investigated the allele and haplotype frequencies of HLA‐A, HLA‐B and HLA‐DRB1 loci in Dalian Chinese Han population using blood samples of unrelated marrow donors who live in Dalian. The genetic relationship between Dalian and different regions worldwide was further explored based on HLA status of different populations. A total of 14 529 samples were genotyped at 2‐digit level only by sequence‐specific oligonucleotide and sequence‐based typing methods. Allele frequencies of HLA‐A, HLA‐B and HLA‐DRB1 were calculated by the direct counting method. Haplotype frequencies and linkage disequilibrium (LD) values were calculated by the maximum likelihood method. FST values were calculated by allele frequency data of each locus. Phylogeny tree of Nei's DA genetic distances was constructed by the UPGMA method. HLA‐A*02 was the most frequent allele at HLA‐A locus followed by A*11 and A*24. Alleles at HLA‐B locus ranked in decreasing order by frequency were B*40, B*15 and B*13. The three highest frequency alleles were DRB1*15, DRB1*09 and DRB1*12 at HLA‐DRB1 locus. A*30‐B*13‐DRB1*07 was the most frequent three‐locus haplotype. For the population relationships, Dalian had a relative close genetic relationship with Liaoning and Yantai‐Weihai and a relative distant genetic relationship with Australia. The information obtained in this study may provide useful information for anthropological studies, for disease‐association studies and helping bone marrow transplantation patients to search HLA‐matched donors.
Analytical and clinical comparison of different immunoassay systems for the detection of antiphospholipid antibodies
Authors: Montaruli B. , De Luna E. , Erroi L. , Marchese C. , Mengozzi G. , Napoli P. , Nicolo’ C. , Romito A. , Bertero M. T. , Sivera P. , Migliardi M. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryIntroductionWe evaluated analytical and clinical performances of IgG and IgM anticardiolipin (aCL) antibodies and anti‐β2‐glycoprotein I (a‐β2GpI) antibodies and upper limit reference ranges (99th percentiles) in comparison with manufacturer's cutoff values with different commercial methods.MethodsWe assayed aCL and a‐β2GpI in serum samples from 30 healthy individuals, 77 patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) diagnosed according to the Sydney criteria, 51 patients with autoimmune diseases, eight patients with previous thrombotic events, six patients with other diseases, and 18 patients with infectious diseases, using ELISA Inova Diagnostics; EliA Phadia Laboratory Systems; CliA Zenit‐RA; and CliA Bio‐Flash.ResultsAnticardiolipin and a‐β2GpI IgG and IgM immunoassays showed good analytic performances with both 99th percentile and manufacturer's cutoff reference values. Our results showed fair to moderate agreement among assays. In‐house cutoff values gave significantly better performances only for a‐β2GpI IgG with all the immunoassays analyzed with the exception of Inova CliA Bio‐Flash where we obtained the same performances with in‐house and manufacturer's cutoffs.ConclusionsBy guidelines, all laboratories are strongly advised to validate/verify the manufacturer's cutoff values. We recommend establishing low‐positive, medium‐/high–positive, and high‐positive CliA IgG aCL and a‐β2GpI ranges in order to help clinicians in the diagnosis and treatment of APS.
The stigma of seeking help for mental health issues: mediating roles of support and coping and the moderating role of symptom profile
Authors: Talebi Miki , Matheson Kimberly , Anisman Hymie 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA key factor to the prevalence of mental illness might be the disinclination to seek help, perhaps owing to the stigma of mental illness. In two studies, the contribution of severity of depressive symptoms, social support, and unsupport, coping strategies, and salience of psychological versus biological features of depression in relation to perceived self‐ and other‐stigma of help‐seeking for mental health issues were examined. Participants were first year students experiencing a transitional stressor, namely entry to university. Together, the findings point to the contribution of social support and unsupportive interactions, and coping methods to the prediction of perceived stigma of seeking help, but that the framing of mental illness can limit or strengthen these relations.
Overexpression of WDR79 in non‐small cell lung cancer is linked to tumour progression
Authors: Sun Yang , Yang Chao , Chen Jieying , Song Xin , Li Zhen , Duan Minlan , Li Jianglin , Hu Xiaoxiao , Wu Kuangpei , Yan Guobei , Yang Cai , Liu Jing , Tan Weihong , Ye Mao 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWD‐repeat protein 79 (WDR79), a member of the WD‐repeat protein family, acts as a scaffold protein, participating in telomerase assembly, Cajal body formation and DNA double‐strand break repair. Here, we first report that WDR79 is frequently overexpressed in cell lines and tissues derived from non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Knockdown of WDR79 significantly inhibited the proliferation of NSCLC cells in vitro and in vivo by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. WD‐repeat protein 79 ‐induced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase was associated with the expression of G0/G1‐related cyclins and cyclin‐dependent kinase complexes. We also provide evidence that WDR79 knockdown induces apoptosis via a mitochondrial pathway. Collectively, these results suggest that WDR79 is involved in the tumorigenesis of NSCLC and is a potential novel diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for NSCLC.
Tooth loss and metabolic syndrome in middle‐aged Japanese adults
Authors: Furuta Michiko , Liu An , Shinagawa Takashi , Takeuchi Kenji , Takeshita Toru , Shimazaki Yoshihiro , Yamashita Yoshihisa 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAimMetabolic syndrome is associated with periodontal disease and dental caries; however, little attention has been given to the association between metabolic syndrome and tooth loss, which is the endpoint of these two diseases. This study examined this association in middle‐aged adults over a 5‐year period.MethodsA retrospective study was performed in 2107 participants (1718 males and 389 females) aged 35–60 years who underwent annual dental check‐ups, to evaluate tooth loss and metabolic components, including obesity, elevated triglycerides, blood pressure, fasting glucose, and reduced high‐density lipoprotein. Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between metabolic syndrome (≥3 components) at the baseline examination and tooth loss.ResultsOver a 5‐year period, 10.8% of the participants lost at least one tooth. Compared to those with no metabolic components, participants with ≥3 components had an increased risk of tooth loss (odds ratio = 1.54; 95% confidence interval: 1.01–2.37), adjusting for age, gender, dental caries experience, attachment loss, oral hygiene status, number of teeth, tooth brushing frequency, smoking, and occupational status.ConclusionsMetabolic syndrome was associated with the incidence of tooth loss among middle‐aged adults.
Male behaviour drives assortative reproduction during the initial stage of secondary contact
Authors: Heathcote R. J. P. , While G. M. , MacGregor H. E. A. , Sciberras J. , Leroy C. , D'Ettorre P. , Uller T. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPhenotypic divergence in allopatry can facilitate speciation by reducing the likelihood that individuals of different lineages hybridize during secondary contact. However, few studies have established the causes of reproductive isolation in the crucial early stages of secondary contact. Here, we establish behavioural causes of assortative reproduction between two phenotypically divergent lineages of the European wall lizard (Podarcis muralis), which have recently come into secondary contact. Parentage was highly assortative in experimental contact zones. However, despite pronounced divergence in male phenotypes, including chemical and visual sexual signals, there was no evidence that females discriminated between males of the two lineages in staged interactions or under naturalistic free‐ranging conditions. Instead, assortative reproduction was driven by male mate preferences and, to a lesser extent, male–male competition. The effects were more pronounced when the habitat structure promoted high lizard densities. These results emphasize that assortative reproduction can occur in the absence of female choice and that male behaviour may play an important role in limiting hybridization during the initial stages of secondary contact.
Effect of Extrusion Cooking on Physical Properties and Chemical Composition of Corn‐Based Snacks Containing Amaranth and Quinoa: Application of Partial Least Squares Regression
Authors: Ramos Diaz Jose Martin , Sundarrajan Lakshminarasimhan , Kariluoto Susanna , Lampi Anna‐Maija , Tenitz Seppo , Jouppila Kirsi 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe effects of amaranth and quinoa supplements and extrusion‐cooking on the physical properties and chemical composition of corn‐based extrudates were investigated by using PLSR and L‐PLSR. Grain type, content of amaranth or quinoa flour (20–50% of solids of blend), temperature of die (140–160°C), screw speed (200–500 rpm), water content of mixture (14–18%) as well as contents of protein, ash, dietary fiber and main fatty acids of blend were the predictors in the PLSR and L‐PLSR. Water content of mixture and screw speed had the distinctly greatest importance for physical response variables such as torque and pressure at the die during extrusion, SEI, stiffness and water content of extrudate. Extrusion reduced the content of fatty acids and tocopherols in the solids but it had only a slight effect on the content of total phenolic compounds and folate. This study proved that extrudates containing up to 50% amaranth or quinoa can maintain some key physical properties (e.g., high SEI, low stiffness) and the added nutritional value (e.g., increased content of folate). This study applied successfully PLSR and L‐PLSR modeling techniques to study the incorporation of amaranth and quinoa to corn‐based snacks.Practical ApplicationsIt was possible to add up to 50% amaranth and quinoa and still, obtain expanded corn‐based extrudates. The incorporation of these grains increased the nutritional value of corn‐based extrudates, having little effect on their expansion and stiffness. Amaranth and quinoa could have a tremendous potential for the development of gluten‐free extruded snacks.
Identification and functional characterization of the AGO1 ortholog in maize
Authors: Xu Dongdong , Yang Hailong , Zou Cheng , Li Wen‐Xue , Xu Yunbi , Xie Chuanxiao 
Published: February 2016

AbstractEukaryotic Argonaute proteins play primary roles in miRNA and siRNA pathways that are essential for numerous developmental and biological processes. However, the functional roles of the four ZmAGO1 genes have not yet been characterized in maize (Zea mays L.). In the present study, ZmAGO1a was identified from four putative ZmAGO1 genes for further characterization. Complementation of the Arabidopsis ago1‐27 mutant with ZmAGO1a indicated that constitutive overexpression of ZmAGO1a could restore the smaller rosette, serrated leaves, later flowering and maturation, lower seed set, and darker green leaves at late stages of the mutant to the wild‐type phenotype. The expression profiles of ZmAGO1a under five different abiotic stresses indicated that ZmAGO1a shares expression patterns similar to those of Argonaute genes in rice, Arabidopsis, and wheat. Further, variation in ZmAGO1a alleles among diverse maize germplasm that resulted in several amino acid changes revealed genetic diversity at this locus. The present data suggest that ZmAGO1a might be an important AGO1 ortholog in maize. The results presented provide further insight into the function of ZmAGO1a.