bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Headache in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: Findings From the Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Treatment Trial
Authors: Friedman Deborah I. , Quiros Peter A. , Subramanian Prem S. , Mejico Luis J. , Gao Shan , McDermott Michael , Wall Michael ,   and the NORDIC IIHTT Study Group
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveTo characterize the phenotype, headache‐related disability, medical co‐morbidities, use of symptomatic headache medications, and headache response to study interventions in the Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Treatment Trial (IIHTT).MethodsPatients with untreated IIH and mild vision loss enrolled in the IIHTT and randomized to acetazolamide (ACZ) and weight loss or placebo (PLB) and weight loss had prospective assessment of headache disability using the Headache Impact Test‐6 (HIT‐6) questionnaire. Subjects with headache at the baseline visit were assigned a headache phenotype using the International Classification for Headache Disorders version 3 beta (ICHD‐3b). Medication overuse was determined using the participants' reported medication use for the preceding month and ICHD‐3b thresholds for diagnosing medication overuse headache. We investigated relationships between headache disability and various other clinical characteristics at baseline and at 6 months.ResultsHeadache was present in 139 (84%) of the 165 enrollees at baseline. The most common headache phenotypes were migraine (52%), tension‐type headache (22%), probable migraine (16%), and probable tension‐type headache (4%). Fifty‐one (37%) participants overused symptomatic medications at baseline, most frequently simple analgesics. A similar amount of improvement in the adjusted mean (± standard error) HIT‐6 score occurred in the ACZ (–9.56 ± 1.05) and PLB groups (–9.11 ± 1.14) at 6 months (group difference −0.45, 95% CI −3.50 to 2.60, P = .77). Headache disability did not correlate with any of the studies, variables of interest, which included: the lumbar puncture opening pressure at baseline or at 6 months, body mass index, the amount of weight lost, papilledema grade, perimetric mean deviation, or the use of hormonal contraception. Headache disability was significantly associated with patient‐reported quality of life in the physical, mental, and visual domains.ConclusionsHeadache was common, of varied character, disabling, and associated with poorer quality of life in our cohort of patients with mild visual impairment. The lack of correlation between headache disability and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure at baseline and at the end of the randomized phase of the study implies that headache in IIH may be related to factors other than intracranial hypertension, and that specific headache treatment is needed in addition to therapies directed at lowering CSF pressure.
Enhanced mechanical properties of SiC reticulated porous ceramics via adjustment of residual stress within the strut
Authors: Liang Xiong , Li Yawei , Sang Shaobai , Xu Yibiao , Chen Yuanyuan , Li Benwen , Aneziris Christos 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSilicon carbide reticulated porous ceramics (SiCRPCs) with multi‐layered struts were fabricated by polymer replica technique with SiC slurry, followed by infiltrating alumina slurries containing andalusite under vacuum condition. The effects of andalusite addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of SiCRPCs were investigated, also the residual stress within the multi‐layered strut was predicted. Theoretical calculations showed that the residual tensile stress generated in the outer layer of SiCRPCs because of its larger thermal expansion coefficient of infiltration slurry than that of SiC slurry at elevated temperature. Furthermore, the addition of andalusite reduced the thermal expansion coefficient and Young's modulus of infiltration slurries, thereby significantly reducing the residual stress of the outer layer in multi‐layered struts. The reduced residual tensile stress within the outer layer was beneficial to eliminate surface cracks on the struts, thus improving the mechanical properties and thermal shock resistance of SiCRPCs.
Design and development of mini roaster for cashew nut processing
Authors: Banerjee S. , Shrivastava S. L. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractCashew nut roasting before shelling is an important treatment since this roasting operation helps to shell the nuts to extract the kernels easily without damaging the edible kernels. For large scale processing, mechanized/semi‐mechanized roasters are available, but for low capacity processors, getting an economical and low capacity roaster is a challenge. For low‐capacity processing, processors opt for open pan/flame roasting method, which causes over roasting (burnt) or under roasting of cashew nuts. The aim of this article was to design and fabricate a low‐cost, simple to operate mini cashew nut roaster, which would be applicable for small scale cashew nut processors. A drum roaster was designed and fabricated, on which the experimental trials were conducted by varying the roasting time between 1 and 7 min to determine the best roasting time, where the drum roaster surface temperature was 275 ± 25 °C. From the roasting trials, it was found that fabricated cashew nut roaster was suitable for roasting cashew nuts within 2.5 min. It was low in cost and required no skilled labors for its operation. Sensory analysis of cashew nut, roasted by developed mini cashew nut roaster was found to be acceptable. The developed small capacity roaster was found suitable to address the needs of small‐scale cashew nut processors.Practical applicationsThe developed roaster was found suitable for roasting cashew nuts for small capacity processing. Based on the design provided in the paper, one could fabricate the roaster in any mechanical workshop having basic tools and welding facility.
Production of soapwort concentrate and soapwort powder and their use in Turkish delight and tahini halvah
Authors: Çam İhsan Burak , Topuz Ayhan 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSoapwort extract is a traditional additive, produced by extracting soapwort roots [Gypsophila bicolor (Freyn et Sint.) Grossh] in boiling water. It is used for color, volume, and texture improvements of several foods. In this study, the optimum extraction conditions and membrane concentration for soapwort extract were determined to produce enriched soapwort powder as a stable and efficient additive in place of the traditional extract. The optimum extraction conditions were determined by using response surface method as following: root to water 1:10, average particle size 4.5 mm, and temperature at 95 °C and extraction time for 3 hr. This extract has been enriched with saponin via reverse osmosis up to 20% concentration of soluble solids. Soapwort powder, includes 4% moisture, produced from the soapwort concentrate by using the spray dryer. Some physicochemical properties of the powder were determined as 46.3 g saponin/100 g (dm), 0.36 water activity, and 7.74 μm average particle size distribution. Additionally, bulk density, spray drying recovery yield (dm), and water solubility were determined as 469 kg/m3, 87%, and 94%, respectively. The diluted soapwort concentrate and reconstituted soapwort powder were tested in production of Turkish delight and halvah in comparison to commercial soapwort extract at the same soluble solid content. Results showed that there were no statistical differences on the color and the appearance scores of all Turkish delight samples. Additionally, halvah samples produced with the reconstituted soapwort powder were the most preferred samples in sensorial analysis and these samples were determined as the best considering the structural values.Practical applicationsSoapwort extract is used as an additive in the production of traditional foods such as delight and halvah. However, this extract is susceptible to microbial proliferation, and leading to negative taste and odor problems. In addition to these problems, use of traditional extracts also cause quality losses due to the lack of standardization. New soapwort extract powder enriched by saponin has been developed by using optimized extraction, enrichment, and drying processes. In practical point of view, this product is preferably used in many food formulations such as halvah and delight in the food industry. This product has potential to be used in the cosmetics and chemical industry as well for different products. The improved production method can be also a model for industrial production.
Efficacy assessment of an intramammary treatment with a new recrystallized enrofloxacin vs ceftiofur and parenteral enrofloxacin in dairy cows with nonsevere clinical mastitis
Authors: Viveros M. , Lopez‐Ordaz R. , Gutiérrez L. , Miranda‐Calderón J. E. , Sumano H. 
Published: July 2017

A recrystallized form of enrofloxacin as dehydrate‐HCl (enro‐C) was assessed for bacteriological and clinical cure efficacies in Holstein‐Friesian cows affected of nonsevere clinical mastitis. Treatments were enro‐Csusp (n = 81), treated with a pharmaceutical suspension of enro‐C/quarter; group enro‐Cpd (n = 80) treated as above, but using enro‐C powder suspended in water; group CF (n = 65), treated with ceftiofur HCl/quarter; and group enroR (n = 66), treated with standard enrofloxacin solution (5 mg/kg, intramuscular). Cows had a mean milk production of 31 L/day and were 2‐3 lactational periods old. Treatments were administered every 24 hr for 3 days. Groups treated with enro‐C exhibited statistically significant (p > .05) better clinical cure as compared to groups treated with CF or enroR (95.06%, 96.25%, 67.79%, and 57.55%, for enro‐Csusp, enro‐Cpd, CF, and enroR, respectively). In contrast, probability of bacteriological cure was not statistically different among treatments. Yet, the outstanding clinical and bacteriological cure rates obtained for enro‐C for nonsevere cases of mastitis is superior to previously reported data for parenteral enrofloxacin and other antibacterial‐intramammary treatments. Impact of using enro‐C on the rate and pattern of bacterial resistance, somatic cell counts and milk electric conductivity, must be studied. Also, the use of enro‐C for complicated cases of mastitis should be studied and milk withdrawal times must be accurately established.
Genetic variations in toll‐like receptors 7 and 8 modulate natural hepatitis C outcomes and liver disease progression
Authors: Fakhir Fatima‐Zohra , Lkhider Mustapha , Badre Wafaa , Alaoui Rhimou , Meurs Eliane F. , Pineau Pascal , Ezzikouri Sayeh , Benjelloun Soumaya 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackground & AimsThe natural outcomes of hepatitis C virus (HCV) as well as the progression of the liver disease are highly variable and depend primarily on an efficient immune response. As toll‐like receptors seven (TLR7) and eight (TLR8) are important effectors of the innate immunity, this study aims to evaluate the association between TLR7 and TLR8 polymorphisms and the HCV infection outcomes in Moroccan subjects.MethodsIn this case–control study, 643 subjects including 293 mild chronic hepatitis patients, 119 with advanced liver disease (AdLD), 93 with HCV spontaneous clearance and 138 healthy controls were genotyped using TaqMan SNPs assays.ResultsPatients carrying TLR7 rs179008‐A allele were more likely to clear the virus spontaneously (P = .0001 for women, and P < .001 for men). Besides, carriage of TLR7 rs179009‐A allele was associated with a twofold increase in spontaneous viral clearance in female patients (P = .0002), but not in men. In addition, we observed that TLR7 rs179008‐T and rs179009‐G alleles increased the risk of disease progression in both sexes (P < .05). TLR8 rs3764880‐G allele was associated with spontaneous HCV clearance in both sexes (P < .0001) albeit with an apparently stronger association in males (OR = 6.02 for men vs 2.2 for women). In males, TLR8 rs3764879‐C and TLR8 rs3764880‐A alleles were significantly associated with AdLD status (P < .05).ConclusionsOur results suggest that variations in TLR7 and TLR8 genes modulate the clearance and progression of HCV infection with different magnitudes between sexes. Our results refine, therefore, our understanding of the sex‐specific differences observed regarding the susceptibility to chronic hepatitis.
Genetic and epigenetic insight into morphospecies in a reef coral
Authors: Dimond James L. , Gamblewood Sanoosh K. , Roberts Steven B. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIncongruence between conventional and molecular systematics has left the delineation of many species unresolved. Reef‐building corals are no exception, with phenotypic plasticity among the most plausible explanations for alternative morphospecies. As potential molecular signatures of phenotypic plasticity, epigenetic processes may contribute to our understanding of morphospecies. We compared genetic and epigenetic variation in Caribbean branching Porites spp., testing the hypothesis that epigenetics—specifically, differential patterns of DNA methylation—play a role in alternative morphotypes of a group whose taxonomic status has been questioned. We used reduced representation genome sequencing to analyse over 1,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms and CpG sites in 27 samples of Porites spp. exhibiting a range of morphotypes from a variety of habitats in Belize. We found stronger evidence for genetic rather than epigenetic structuring, identifying three well‐defined genetic groups. One of these groups exhibited significantly thicker branches, and branch thickness was a better predictor of genetic groups than depth, habitat or symbiont type. In contrast, no clear epigenetic patterns emerged with respect to phenotypic or habitat variables. While there was a weak positive correlation between pairwise genetic and epigenetic distance, two pairs of putative clones exhibited substantial epigenetic differences, suggesting a strong environmental effect. We speculate that epigenetic patterns are a complex mosaic reflecting diverse environmental histories superimposed over a relatively small heritable component. Given the role of genetics in branching Porites spp. morphospecies we were able to detect with genomewide sequencing, use of such techniques throughout the geographic range of these corals may help settle their phylogeny.
Response to nitrogen addition reveals metabolic and ecological strategies of soil bacteria
Authors: Samad Md Sainur , Johns Charlotte , Richards Karl G. , Lanigan Gary J. , de Klein Cecile A. M. , Clough Timothy J. , Morales Sergio E. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe nitrogen (N) cycle represents one of the most well‐studied systems, yet the taxonomic diversity of the organisms that contribute to it is mostly unknown, or linked to poorly characterized microbial groups. While new information has allowed functional groups to be refined, they still rely on a priori knowledge of enzymes involved and the assumption of functional conservation, with little connection to the role the transformations, plays for specific organisms. Here, we use soil microcosms to test the impact of N deposition on prokaryotic communities. By combining chemical, genomic and transcriptomic analysis, we are able to identify and link changes in community structure to specific organisms catalysing given chemical reactions. Urea deposition led to a decrease in prokaryotic richness, and a shift in community composition. This was driven by replacement of stable native populations, which utilize energy from N‐linked redox reactions for physiological maintenance, with fast responding populations that use this energy for growth. This model can be used to predict response to N disturbances and allows us to identify putative life strategies of different functional and taxonomic groups, thus providing insights into how they persist in ecosystems by niche differentiation.
Amblyomma sculptum: genetic diversity and rickettsias in the Brazilian Cerrado biome
Authors: BITENCOURTH K. , AMORIM M. , DE OLIVEIRA S. V. , CAETANO R. L. , VOLOCH C. M. , GAZÊTA G. S. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAmblyomma sculptum (Ixodida: Ixodidae) Berlese, 1888 is the most important tick vector in Brazil, transmitting the bioagent of the most severe form of spotted fever (SF) in part of the Cerrado (in the states of Minas Gerais and São Paulo). In another part of the Cerrado (Central‐West region of Brazil), a milder form of SF has been recorded. However, neither the rickettsia nor the vector involved have been characterized. The aim of the current study was to analyse genetic variation and the presence of rickettsia in A. sculptum in Cerrado, from silent areas and with the milder form of SF. Samples were subjected to DNA extraction, amplification and sequencing of 12S rDNA, cytochrome oxidase subunit II and D‐loop mitochondrial genes (for tick population analyses), and gltA, htrA, ompA and gene D (sca4) genes for rickettsia researches. Exclusive haplotypes with low frequencies, high haplotype diversity and low nucleotide diversity, star‐shaped networks and significant results in neutrality tests indicate A. sculptum population expansions in some areas. Rickettsia amblyommatis, Candidatus Rickettsia andeanae and Rickettsia felis were detected. The A. sculptum diversity is not geographically, or biome delimited, pointing to a different potential in vector capacity, possibly associated with differing tick genetic profiles.
App‐based attention training: Incorporating older adults’ feedback to facilitate home‐based use
Authors: Hill Nikki L. , Mogle Jacqueline , Wion Rachel , Kitt‐Lewis Erin , Hannan John , Dick Robert , McDermott Caroline 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundTechnology‐based attention training programs have demonstrated promise in improving cognitive functioning in older adults.Aims and objectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the usability and acceptability of a modified version of a mobile attention training application.DesignA descriptive, mixed‐methods design was used to capture older adults’ feedback on the usability and acceptability of the modified attention training application.MethodsA convenience sample of older adults (n = 12) participated in three study visits and a one‐week testing period of the modified attention training application in their homes. Descriptive statistics were calculated for all quantitative data, and an iterative content analysis was used to characterise participant responses.ResultsOn average, participants rated the modified attention training application more positively than negatively in terms of usability, interest, enjoyment and satisfaction. The qualitative analyses revealed positive aspects of using the app including working through challenges, perceived benefit and helpfulness of instructions.ConclusionsThe modified attention training application was usable by and acceptable to the majority of older adults in our sample who had varying degrees of experience with mobile technology. Future development should specifically consider personal characteristics as well as individual preferences to maximise the potential of the modified attention training application.Implications for practiceThis technology may be helpful for providing memory improvement interventions to older persons with cognitive impairment who do not have access to memory clinics.
Auditory‐visual integration modulates location‐specific repetition suppression of auditory responses
Authors: Shrem Talia , Murray Micah M. , Deouell Leon Y. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSpace is a dimension shared by different modalities, but at what stage spatial encoding is affected by multisensory processes is unclear. Early studies observed attenuation of N1/P2 auditory evoked responses following repetition of sounds from the same location. Here, we asked whether this effect is modulated by audiovisual interactions. In two experiments, using a repetition‐suppression paradigm, we presented pairs of tones in free field, where the test stimulus was a tone presented at a fixed lateral location. Experiment 1 established a neural index of auditory spatial sensitivity, by comparing the degree of attenuation of the response to test stimuli when they were preceded by an adapter sound at the same location versus 30° or 60° away. We found that the degree of attenuation at the P2 latency was inversely related to the spatial distance between the test stimulus and the adapter stimulus. In Experiment 2, the adapter stimulus was a tone presented from the same location or a more medial location than the test stimulus. The adapter stimulus was accompanied by a simultaneous flash displayed orthogonally from one of the two locations. Sound‐flash incongruence reduced accuracy in a same‐different location discrimination task (i.e., the ventriloquism effect) and reduced the location‐specific repetition‐suppression at the P2 latency. Importantly, this multisensory effect included topographic modulations, indicative of changes in the relative contribution of underlying sources across conditions. Our findings suggest that the auditory response at the P2 latency is affected by spatially selective brain activity, which is affected crossmodally by visual information.
Institutions and Morality Policy in Western Democracies
Authors: Studlar Donley T. , Cagossi Alessandro 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis article investigates whether different political institutions such as executives, legislatures, parties, party systems, judiciaries, decentralization, constitutionalism, and referendums across 24 Western democracies are venues for debate across five individual morality policies. Using data since 1945, the article compares three theories of morality policy—(1) Policy Type leading to different institutional venues; (2) Two Worlds of religious/secular party systems; and (3) U.S./European exceptionalism. In order, the most frequently debated issues are abortion, same sex marriage, euthanasia, stem cells/assisted reproductive technology (ART), and capital punishment. There is considerable variation in the institutions and country groups that debate them although fewer differences in the Two Worlds model. Abortion, euthanasia, and same sex marriage are the most convergent issues across institutions, party systems, and country groupings while capital punishment and stem cells/ART show the most diverse patterns of deliberation. The general Policy Type model of morality policy is upheld, but varies institutionally by specific issues. The Two Worlds model is of some importance, but only on three issues. There also are regional differences between the United States, Europe, and non‐European democracies.
Community Banks and Loans for Nonmetropolitan Businesses: A Multilevel Analysis from the 2007 Survey of Business Owners
Authors: Mencken F. Carson , Tolbert Charles M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAccess to financial capital is vital for the sustainability of the local business sector in nonmetropolitan communities. In this article we develop two hypotheses and examine the impact of financial sector restructuring on the odds of using a bank loan to finance a new business or expand an existing business. Focusing on nonmetropolitan American businesses, we connect restricted tabulations of the 2007 Survey of Business Owners to data on the commuting zones (CZ) in which businesses are located. We use multilevel logistic regression models to predict the effects of community bank presence within the CZ on the odds of using a bank business loan to start or expand a business for nonmetropolitan businesses started or purchased since 2000. Net of important characteristics of the businesses and owners, we find that the greater the proportion of local banks in a nonmetropolitan CZ, the greater the odds that a conventional business loan was used to either help start a new business or expand an existing business.