bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Religion and Non‐traditional Families in the United States
Authors: Perry Samuel L. , Whitehead Andrew L. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractFamily forms that have historically been considered “nontraditional” and even “transgressive” are becoming increasingly accepted in the United States, bringing the United States into greater conformity with other western nations. The United States is still unique, however, in that religion continues to play an exceptionally powerful role in shaping Americans' perceptions of and engagement in non‐traditional families. Focusing our attention on same‐sex and interracial families specifically, we consider the recent work on how religion serves to stimulate and justify opposition or (in a minority of instances) support for such families. We contend that studies typically limit their focus to the cognitive aspects (beliefs, ideologies, identities, schemas, salience, etc.) of religion, while often ignoring the influence of religion's more structural aspects in shaping Americans' relationship to non‐traditional families. Given that religion impacts Americans' approaches to family formation at the micro, meso, and macro levels, we propose a more Durkheimian perspective on the topic, one that synthesizes social psychological and structural frameworks in future studies, thus allowing for a more comprehensive understanding of religion's evolving role in American family formation. We also call for more attention to how religion shapes the functioning of non‐traditional families.
Challenges of bacterial meningitis case management in low income settings: an experience from Ethiopia
Authors: Gudina Esayas Kebede , Tesfaye Markos , Adane Aynishet , Lemma Kinfe , Shibiru Tamiru , Pfister Hans‐Walter , Klein Matthias 
Published: May 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the current diagnostic and therapeutic strategies used in the care of patients with suspected bacterial meningitis at teaching hospitals in Ethiopia.MethodsThis was a hospital‐based retrospective study conducted at four teaching hospitals in different regions of Ethiopia. Participants were patients aged 14 years and older treated for suspected bacterial meningitis. Presenting complaints, diagnostic strategies used and treatments given were obtained from clinical records.ResultA total of 425 patients were included in the study; 52.7% were men and 83.8% were younger than 50 years. Fever, headache, neck stiffness and impaired consciousness were the most common clinical presentations; 55.5% underwent lumbar puncture. Overall, only 96 (22.6%) patients had cerebrospinal fluid abnormalities compatible with bacterial meningitis. A causative bacterium was identified in only 14 cases. Ceftriaxone was used as the empiric treatment of choice, either alone or in combination with other antibiotics; 17.6% of patients were also given vancomycin. Adjunctive dexamethasone was given to 50.4%.ConclusionMost patients treated as bacterial meningitis did not receive a proper diagnostic workup. The choice of antibiotic was not tailored to the specific clinical condition of the patient. Such an approach may result in poor treatment outcomes and lead to antibiotic resistance. Management of patients with suspected bacterial meningitis should be supported by analysis of cerebrospinal fluid, and treatment should be tailored to local evidence and current evidence‐based recommendations.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Young James 
Published: May 2016

International Journal of Social Science Studies (IJSSS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether IJSSS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue. Reviewers for Volume 4, Number 2 Abdul Azim Akhtar, Abdul Zahoor Khan, Bashar Malkawi, Begoña Montero-Fleta, Hanaa Youssef Shaarawy Jenny Tonsing, K.O. Aramide, MANZOOR KHAN AFRIDI, Mónica Martínez Gómez, Patricia Wiener, Priyono, Rachael Walsh, Rachita Shrivastava Roy, Seyyedeh Mina Hamedi Hamedi, Zitha Mokomane, James Young Editorial Assistant On behalf of, The Editorial Board of International Journal of Social Science Studies Redfame Publishing 9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416 Beaverton, OR 97008, USA URL: http://ijsss.redfame.com
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Young James 
Published: May 2016

International Journal of Social Science Studies (IJSSS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether IJSSS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue. Reviewers for Volume 4, Number 4 Abdul Azim Akhtar Abdul Zahoor Khan Aslan,Yasin Dipankar Chatterjee Jangraiz Khan JEHU ONYEKWERE NNAJI Julia M. Mack Luigia Simona Sica Małgorzata Haładewicz Maria Virginia G Aguilar Michael Brooks Patricia Wiener Priyono Rachita Shrivastava Roy Remigiusz Kijak James Young Editorial Assistant On behalf of, The Editorial Board of International Journal of Social Science Studies Redfame Publishing 9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416 Beaverton, OR 97008, USA URL: http://ijsss.redfame.com
The Effect of a Comprehensive School Physical Activity Program on Physical Activity and Health-Related Fitness in Children From Low-Income Families
Authors: Brusseau Timothy A. , Hannon James , Burns Ryan 
Published: May 2016

Background:The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a Comprehensive School Physical Activity Program (CSPAP) on physical activity and health-related fitness (HRF) in children from low-income families.Methods:Participants included 1390 children recruited from kindergarten through sixth grade (mean age = 8.4 ± 1.8 years). Physical activity measures were collected at baseline and at 6 weeks and 12 weeks after program implementation, and HRF measures were collected at baseline and at 12 weeks after program implementation.Results:There were significant but weak-to-moderate increases in step counts (mean difference = 603.1 steps, P < .001, d = 0.39) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (mean difference = 4.9 minutes, P < .001, d = 0.39) at 12 weeks compared with baseline. There were also significant but moderate increases in Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run laps (mean difference = 6.5 laps, P < .001, d = 0.47) at 12 weeks compared with baseline. Generalized mixed models respectively yielded 3.02 and 2.34 greater odds that a child would achieve step count and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity standards and 2.26 greater odds that a child would achieve aerobic fitness standards at 12 weeks compared with baseline (P < .001).Conclusions:The 12-week CSPAP improved physical activity and HRF in children from low-income families; however, the magnitude of the effects was weak to moderate.
Transplanting a Microbial Organ: the Good, the Bad, and the Unknown
Authors: Antonopoulos Dionysios A. , Chang Eugene B. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has received increased attention as a therapy for correcting intestinal dysbiosis and restoring a state of health in patients suffering from either recalcitrant infection by
Clostridium difficile
or more complex disease states, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The “gut microbial organ” from the donor that is used in these transplants may serve to transfer genetic material between donor and recipient via virus-like particles, specifically bacteriophages, that infect the bacterial component of the microbiota. The recently published study by Chehoud et al. provides evidence for not only the transfer of bacteriophages during FMT but also the transfer of multiple populations of bacteriophages to recipients from the donor microbiota used (C. Chehoud et al., mBio 7:e00322-16, 2016,
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00322-16
). While the clinical significance of these findings remains unclear, nothing short of a diligent and persistent effort is needed to define the intended and unintended consequences of FMT.
A balancing act: a phenomenological exploration of medical students' experiences of using mobile devices in the clinical setting
Authors: Rashid-Doubell F , Mohamed S , Elmusharaf K , O'Neill C S 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveThe aims of this study were to describe the experiences of senior students using mobile devices in a clinical setting while learning and interacting with clinical teachers, patients and each other, and to identify challenges that facilitated or impeded the use of such devices in the hospital.DesignInterpretative phenomenology was chosen to guide our enquiry. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to examine the experiences of five senior medical students using mobile devices in the clinical setting.Setting and participantsSenior medical students at an international medical school in the Middle East.ResultsThree main themes emerged from the data analysis: learning; professional identity and transitioning from student to doctor. The findings showed that using mobile devices in the clinical area as a learning tool was not a formalised process. Rather, it was opportunistic learning at the bedside and on occasion a source of distraction from clinical teaching. Students needed to negotiate relationships between themselves, the clinical teacher and patients in order to ensure that they maintained an acceptable professional image. Participants experienced and negotiated the change from student to doctor making them mindful of using their devices at the bedside.ConclusionsMobile devices are part of daily life for a medical student and there is a need to adapt medical education in the clinical setting, to allow the students to use their devices in a sensitive manner.
Taurine Prevents Apoptosis Induced by High Ambient Glucose in Human Tubule Renal Cells
Authors: Verzola Daniela , Bertolotto Maria Bianca , Villaggio Barbara , Ottonello Luciano , Dallegri Franco , Frumento Guido , Berruti Valeria , Gandolfo Maria Teresa , Garibotto Giacomo , Deferrari Giacomo 
Published: May 2016

Background Hyperglycemia selectively triggers apoptosis in tubule and endothelial cells. Taurine, a conditionally essential amino acid, is abundant in several tubule segments, but its role has not been defined fully. It can serve as an osmolyte or as an endogenous antioxidant. Taurine metabolism is altered in diabetes mellitus, with extracellular and intracellular pools reduced. It is still unknown whether taurine can play a role as a protective agent in apoptosis induced by high glucose in tubular cells. Methods Apoptosis (by annexin V binding and the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end-labeling method), cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation (by fluorescent probe 2′-7′ dichlorofluorescin diacetate and FACScan flow cytometry), and Bcl-2 and Bax proteins (by immunostaining) were studied in a human proximal tubular cell line (HK-2) grown in a medium with physiologic (5.5 mM) or high (30 mM) glucose concentrations for 48 hours. In separate experiments, taurine (3-24 mM) was added to the media. Results The exposure of human tubule cells to 30 mM glucose for 48 hours resulted in a significant increase in apoptosis compared with 5.5 mM glucose (35±8% vs. 6±3%, p<0.001). Thirty mM mannitol failed to induce the effects of high glucose. High glucose-mediated apoptosis was associated with a decrease in the expression of Bcl-2 (-87%) and a twofold increase in the expression of Bax protein. Taurine had a dose-dependent effect in preventing high-glucose-induced apoptosis (-78%, p<0.001 at 24 mM). Moreover, with taurine, intracellular ROS decreased by 34% (p<0.05), and changes in intracellular ROS formation induced by taurine at 24 hours predicted the variations in the apoptotic index at 48 hours (r=0.87, p<0.02). Other antioxidants, such as glutathione and N-acetylcysteine, also attenuated the high glucose-induced apoptosis. Conclusion These results demonstrate that taurine attenuates hyperglycemia-induced apoptosis in human tubular cells via an inhibition of oxidative stress. Taurine might act as an endogenous antioxidant in tubule cells and could exert a beneficial effect in preventing tubulointerstitial injury in diabetic nephropathy.
Phase II Study of Radiotherapy and Temsirolimus versus Radiochemotherapy with Temozolomide in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma without MGMT Promoter Hypermethylation (EORTC 26082)
Authors: Wick Wolfgang , Gorlia Thierry , Bady Pierre , Platten Michael , van den Bent Martin J. , Taphoorn Martin J.B. , Steuve Jonathan , Brandes Alba A. , Hamou Marie-France , Wick Antje , Kosch Markus , Weller Michael , Stupp Roger , Roth Patrick , Golfinopoulos Vassilis , Frenel Jean-Sebastien , Campone Mario , Ricard Damien , Marosi Christine , Villa Salvador , Weyerbrock Astrid , Hopkins Kirsten , Homicsko Krisztian , Lhermitte Benoit , Pesce Gianfranco , Hegi Monika E. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Purpose: EORTC 26082 assessed the activity of temsirolimus in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma harboring an unmethylated O6 methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter.
Experimental Design: Patients (n = 257) fulfilling eligibility criteria underwent central MGMT testing. Patients with MGMT unmethylated glioblastoma (n = 111) were randomized 1:1 between standard chemo-radiotherapy with temozolomide or radiotherapy plus weekly temsirolimus (25 mg). Primary endpoint was overall survival at 12 months (OS12). A positive signal was considered &gt;38 patients alive at 12 months in the per protocol population. A noncomparative reference arm of 54 patients evaluated the assumptions on OS12 in a standard-treated cohort of patients. Prespecified post hoc analyses of markers reflecting target activation were performed.
Results: Both therapies were administered per protocol with a median of 13 cycles of maintenance temsirolimus. Median age was 55 and 58 years in the temsirolimus and standard arms, the WHO performance status 0 or 1 for most patients (95.5%). In the per protocol population, 38 of 54 patients treated with temsirolimus reached OS12. The actuarial 1-year survival was 72.2% [95% confidence interval (CI), 58.2–82.2] in the temozolomide arm and 69.6% (95% CI, 55.8–79.9) in the temsirolimus arm [hazard ratio (HR) 1.16; 95% CI, 0.77–1.76; P = 0.47]. In multivariable prognostic analyses of clinical and molecular factors, phosphorylation of mTORSer2448 in tumor tissue (HR 0.13; 95% CI, 0.04–0.47; P = 0.002), detected in 37.6%, was associated with benefit from temsirolimus.
Conclusions: Temsirolimus was not superior to temozolomide in patients with an unmethylated MGMT promoter. Phosphorylation of mTORSer2448 in the pretreatment tumor tissue may define a subgroup benefitting from mTOR inhibition. Clin Cancer Res; 22(19); 4797–806. ©2016 AACR.
Temporal dynamics of intersexual conflict and the effect of male quality on female fecundity in the marine isopod Cleantiella isopus
Authors: Miura Y. , Goshima S. 
Published: May 2016

Crustacean males grasp and/or guard females before copulation to ensure mating, but females typically resist males during pair formation. The benefit of resistance for females might allow (1) females to optimize mate quality, or (2) to avoid costs incurred during guarding. However, it has not been fully investigated which benefits actually improve female fitness. Here we investigated female resistance, temporal dynamics of intersexual conflict during reproduction, and the effect of male size and male mating frequency on female fecundity in the marine isopod,Cleantiella isopusto examine the relative importance of the two mechanisms mentioned before. Females resisted even after they had become receptive. Females which mated with small males showed lower fecundity than the ones with large males, and small males were frequently unable to form pairs. These results suggest that female resistance ofC. isopusagainst males can function as a way to optimize mate quality.
The Role of Epstein‐Barr Virus DNA Load and Serology as Screening Tools for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Tay Joshua K. , Chan Soh Ha , Lim Chwee Ming , Siow Chor Hiang , Goh Han Lee , Loh Kwok Seng 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveScreening for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) among family members has been advocated in endemic populations in view of significantly increased risks. We aimed to compare the role of Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) DNA load and EBV IgA serology as tools for screening patients with a first‐degree family history of NPC.Study DesignCase‐control study.SettingTertiary referral center.Subjects and MethodsSerum samples were compared from 293 newly diagnosed NPC patients and 475 individuals with a first‐degree family history of NPC. EBV DNA load was measured by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, while EBV viral capsid antigen (VCA) IgA and EBV early antigen (EA) IgA titers were measured by immunofluorescence assays.ResultsNPC patients had a significantly higher median EBV DNA load as compared with unaffected family members (835.4 vs 18.8 copies/mL; P <. 001). At 100 copies/mL, EBV DNA load demonstrated a sensitivity of 76.8% and a specificity of 85.6%. A positive EBV‐EA IgA titer (≥1:10) gave a sensitivity of 85.0% and a specificity of 96.4%. There was good correlation between EBV DNA load and EBV serology titers (Spearman’s ρ =. 536 and. 594 for EBV‐VCA IgA and EBV‐EA IgA, respectively; P <. 001). Receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated that EBV‐VCA IgA and EBV‐EA IgA were better classifiers than EBV DNA load (areas under the curve: 0.942, 0.926, and 0.880, respectively) in distinguishing NPC patients and unaffected family members.ConclusionEBV DNA load and EBV IgA serology demonstrate good sensitivity and specificity as screening tools. EBV‐EA IgA gave the best sensitivity and specificity profile as a screening tool for NPC among high‐risk family members.
ß‐Tricalcium Phosphate Implants in the Surgical Treatment of Empty Nose Syndrome
Authors: Bastier Pierre‐Louis , Fierens Sylvestre , Champel Sylvain , Ribadeau‐Dumas Alix , de Gabory Ludovic 
Published: May 2016

The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy and morbidity of a β‐tricalcium phosphate implant in the treatment of empty nose syndrome after turbinectomy. Only patients with a history of inferior turbinectomy and a complaint of permanent paradoxical nasal obstruction were included. β‐Tricalcium phosphate ceramic implants were implanted under the mucoperiosteal plane of the lateral nasal wall to replace the head of the inferior turbinate. Symptoms and quality of life were assessed by 2 questionnaires: the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation and Rhinosinusitis Quality of Life. Fourteen patients were included. The mean follow‐up was 19.4 ± 13.4 months. Scores for the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation and Rhinosinusitis Quality of Life (frequency, bothersomeness, and impact) significantly improved after surgery (respectively, 73.9 ± 21.8 to 34.6 ± 28.6, 44.6 ± 17.1 to 34.8 ± 20.3, 43.6 ± 22.4 to 70.7 ± 21.5, and 59.9 ± 21.1 to 27.2 ± 25.3; P <. 05). The use of ß‐tricalcium phosphate seems efficient to repair empty nose syndrome by endonasal microplasty and shows a low complication rate.
Comparison of the non-invasive Nexfin® monitor with conventional methods for the measurement of arterial blood pressure in moderate risk orthopaedic surgery patients
Authors: Balzer Felix , Habicher Marit , Sander Michael , Sterr Julian , Scholz Stephanie , Feldheiser Aarne , Müller Michael , Perka Carsten , Treskatsch Sascha 
Published: May 2016

Objective Continuous invasive arterial blood pressure (IBP) monitoring remains the gold standard for BP measurement, but traditional oscillometric non-invasive intermittent pressure (NIBP) measurement is used in most low-to-moderate risk procedures. This study compared non-invasive continuous arterial BP measurement using a Nexfin® monitor with NIBP and IBP monitors. Methods This was a single-centre, prospective, pilot study in patients scheduled for elective orthopaedic surgery. Systolic BP, diastolic BP and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) were measured by Nexfin®, IBP and NIBP at five intraoperative time-points. Pearson correlation coefficients, Bland–Altman plots and trending ability of Nexfin® measurements were used as criteria for success in the investigation of measurement reliability. Results A total of 20 patients were enrolled in the study. For MAP, there was a sufficient correlation between IBP/Nexfin® (Pearson = 0.75), which was better than the correlation between IBP/NIBP (Pearson = 0.70). Bland–Altman analysis of the data showed that compared with IBP, there was a higher percentage error for MAPNIBP (30%) compared with MAPNexfin® (27%). Nexfin® and NIBP underestimated systolic BP; NIBP also underestimated diastolic BP and MAP. Trending ability for MAPNexfin® and MAPNIBP were comparable to IBP. Conclusion Non-invasive BP measurement with Nexfin® was comparable with IBP and tended to be more precise than NIBP.
Epidemiology of Sport-Related Concussion in an NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision Sample
Authors: Houck Zachary , Asken Breton , Bauer Russell , Pothast Jason , Michaudet Charlie , Clugston James 
Published: May 2016

Background: Concussions are common in football, and knowledge of their incidence rates across settings is needed to develop strategies to decrease occurrence. Purpose: To examine sports-related concussion rates in a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I Football Bowl Subdivision sample based on the activity setting where injuries occurred, during which type of play, and when relative to the 2010 NCAA concussion management policy. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Medical records from January 2006 to January 2015 for an NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision program were analyzed. Concussion rates (per 1000 athlete-exposures [AEs]) were compared among the following settings: spring practice, preseason training camp, regular season high-contact practice, regular season low-contact practice, bowl game practice, and game competition. Play-type analyses examined incidence rates during offensive, defensive, and special teams plays. Changes in concussion rate coinciding with the 2010 NCAA concussion management policy were also studied. Results: Of the 452 unique players on the roster during the 9-year study period, 118 (26.1%) were diagnosed with a concussion. The concussion rate during games was significantly higher than all practices combined ( P < .001). However, when game rate (4.46 per 1000 AEs) was compared with preseason training camp alone (3.81 per 1000 AEs), there was no significant difference ( P = .433). The concussion rate during special teams plays was significantly higher than that during offensive ( P < .001) or defensive plays ( P < .001). The concussion rate in the 4 seasons (2010-2014) after the 2010 NCAA concussion management policy was initiated was significantly higher than the 4 seasons (2006-2009) preceding the policy ( P = .036). Conclusion: Study results show that (1) based on activity type, games and preseason training camp present the greatest risk of sustaining a concussion; (2) based on play type, special teams plays pose the greatest risk of sustaining a concussion; and (3) the 2010 NCAA concussion management policy coincided with a significant increase in recognition of concussion.