bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ORAL HEALTH PRACTICES OF FIRST GRADE LYCÉE STUDENTS: A SAMPLE FROM TURKEY
Authors: KiliÇ M. , Yukarikir N. , GÜÇİz DoĞan B. , Bahar ÖzvariŞ Ş. 
Published: February 2025

There are few studies related to the oral health practices of first grade lycée students (14-year-olds) in Turkey. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the oral health practices of first grade lycée students from a predominantly middle to lower socio- economic district of Ankara. Methods: The oral health practices of 14-years-olds from nine lycées were investigated along with their general health status and that of their parents and teachers. Ethics approval was obtained from Non- Interventional Clinical Researches Ethics Board of Hacettepe University. Permission for the study was obtained from the Educational Directorate of the province. Parental informed consent was also obtained. Participation was voluntary. All 1,667 students who were 14-years-old, their parents and 424 teachers were invited to take part. Data were collected from students via a structured, pre-tested, self-administered questionnaire, and analyzed by using SPSS 21.0. The relation between variables were evaluated by Chisquare test and a p value <0.05 set for statistical significance. Results: For various reasons 1,177 (70.6%) participated the study. Of the participants, 647 (55.0%) were male (mean age 14,29±0,5 years). Only 262 (24.2%) of mothers had lycée or a higher education and 220 (20.4%) were currently working; these figures for fathers were 465 (43.7%) and 897 (92.6%) respectively. Of the responding families, 534 (48.8%) reported that they had a moderate socio-economic status. Five hundred (98.4%) female students and 567 (94.7%) male students reported that they had their own toothbrush (p=0.001). For frequency of tooth brushing, 32 (3%) said they never brushed their teeth and 486 (45.2%) at least twice a day. Almost all of the students who were brushing their teeth were using tooth paste and most of them said they renewed their tooth brush every six months or more frequently. There was no significant difference between genders with regard to never visiting a dentist, which was the answer from 242 (20.6%) of students. However, only 366 (43.8%) provided details of their last dental visit. Among these students, the most frequent cause for last visit was pain 115 (31.4%), and half of them had their last dental visit less than one year previously. Almost all of those who responded to this question 327 (90.2%) stated they visited the dentist whenever they had an oral complaint. Conclusions: The frequency of dental visits and tooth brushing at least twice a day were worse than those reported in developed countries. To improve this situation, schools offer a good location to provide oral health education. The training related to oral health should begin from preschool age and should continue to the end of secondary education. Parental participation as well as that of dental professionals would increase the awareness of this issue.
SOCIOECONOMIC INEQUALITIES IN ORAL HEALTH ASPECTS IN PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN
Authors: Lambert M.J. , Vanobbergen J. , Martens L.C. , de Visschere L. 
Published: February 2025

Oral health inequality in children is a widespread and well-documented problem in oral health care. However, objective and reliable methods to determine these inequalities in all oral health aspects, including both dental attendance and oral health, are rather scarce. Aims: to explore oral health inequalities and to assess the impact of socio-economic factors on oral health, oral health behaviour and dental compliance of primary schoolchildren. Methods: Data collection was executed in 2014 within a sample of 2,216 children in 105 primary schools in Flanders, by means of an oral examination and a validated questionnaire. Intermutual Agency database was consulted to objectively determine individuals social state and frequency of utilization of oral health care services. Underprivileged children were compared to more fortunate children for their mean DMFt, DMFs, Plaque index, Care Index (CI), Restorative Index (RI), Treatment Index (TI), knowledge and attitude. Differences in proportions for dichotomous variables (RI100%, TI100% and being a regular dental attender)were analysed. The present study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University Hospital Ghent (2010/061). All parents signed an informed consent form prior to data collection. All schools received information about the study protocol and agreed to participate. Children requiring dental treatment or periodic recall were referred to the local dentist. Results: Underprivileged children showed worse outcomes for all explanatory variables (p<0.05). In the low- income group, 78.4% was caries free, compared to 88.4% for the other children. Half of the low-income children could be considered as regular dental attenders, whether 12.6% did not have any dental visit during a five year period. Conclusion: Oral health, oral hygiene, oral health care level and dental attendance patterns are strongly negatively affected by childrens social class, leading to oral health inequalities in Belgian primary school children. Methods of funding: The research presented in this report is part of the Glimlachen.be project (www.glimlachen. be), commissioned and financed by the Insurance Committee for Health Care of the Belgian National Institute for Health and Disability Insurance. The authors thank the Flemish Dental Association (VVT), the dentist examiners and all contributors.
STUDY ON THE STATISTICAL INDEX OF DECAYED, MISSED AND FILLED TEETH (DMFT) IN SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS OF ZARAND CITY IN 2011
Authors: Sadr S. , Masoudi R. , Morabbi D. , Ansari Fard S. 
Published: February 2025

Knowledge of the prevalence of oral diseases, including dental caries, is essential to plan for prevention and treatment prevent of these diseases. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate DMFT in 12- years-old students from all 12 secondary schools in Zarand City, Iran in 2011. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study performed using interview, examination and questionnaire. Cluster sampling was used among a sample of 350 12- year- old students. One examiner carried out the study in the schools using WHO (1997) criteria and methods to assess periodontal condition, number of decayed, missed and filled teeth, existing fluorosis, occlusion, and need for orthodontic and preventive treatment. The data were analyzed by SPSS software Version 17. Ethics approval for the study was given by the ethics committee of Kerman University of Medical Sciences. Results: The mean of DMFT index was 2.03. It ranged from zero for 121 students (34.6%) to a maximum of 11 in two students. There was no significant difference in need for orthodontic treatment between different groups of DMFT. Conclusion: In terms of the WHO target for 12-year-olds , the DMFT index for the sample assessed in Zarand city was not acceptable as it did not meet WHO target for 12- yearolds. It was decided that it was necessary to perform a special program in the schools to try to improve the situation.
BARRIERS TO ORAL HEALTH CARE FOR CHILDREN: A QUALITATIVE STUDY
Authors: Momeni Z. , Sargeran K. , Yazdani R. 
Published: February 2025

Despite overall improvements in oral health, a large number of children in the world are affected by dental caries; and the implementation of oral health promotion in some families remains a challenge. The aim of this study was to explore the perception of mothers regarding barriers of dental care for children. Methods: The present study was a part of a multi-level qualitative research with a content analysis approach which was conducted in Tehran, Iran in 2015. Qualitative data were collected via 12 focus group discussions and semi- structured interviews for understanding the perception of school childrens mothers on the barriers of oral health care. Sampling was goal-based, and continued until data saturation was reached. The study population consisted of a representative sample of Iranian women (n=58) of diverse ages selected from different districts of the capital Tehran, who had a first grade primary school child. All mothers agreed to attend the study and answered all the questions. Data were analyzed using the conventional content analysis method in MAXQDA 10. The study was granted ethical approval by the Ethics Committee of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Results: Based on the findings of the study three key themes of oral health barriers, each with a number of sub- themes, were identified and categorised as: (1) Barriers at the organization level, (2) Barriers at the patient-provider relationship level, and (3) Barriers at the family level (children and parents). Informants reported cost, inconvenience, fear, and low access to dental services as the main barriers to providing oral health care for their children. Fear of dental procedures and cost of treatment, were the most reported barriers. Conclusions: Understanding the barriers to oral health promotion is needed for improving oral health of children. This study highlighted the need for efforts focused on reducing parents and childrens fear of dentistry and avoiding giving child oral health care a low priority, due to the cost of dental care.
MEDICAL AND SOCIAL SUPPORT DURING SMOKING CESSATION IN HUNGARY
Authors: Paulik E. , MolnÁr R. , Foley K.L. , Rogers T. , Easterling D. 
Published: February 2025

Smoking is associated with poor oral health, including increased risk of leukoplakia, gum disease, and oral cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of smoking and preference for quitting, as well as to describe the role of health professionals in promoting smoking cessation. Methods: The results presented in this abstract come from the second phase of a national survey, which took place between 2008 and 2013. It involved a nationally representative sample of households in 48 districts of Hungary. Details of the sampling technique used will be presented in the poster. A self-administered questionnaire was completed by 1,042 people aged ≥18 years. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate smoking prevalence, quit attempts, and health professional efforts to support cessation (using SPSS v.23). The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Szeged (No. 2431/2008). Informed written consent was obtained from study participants. Results: The response rate was 70.4 % and 1013 of the completed questionnaires contained sufficient data to analyse. Of the daily smokers (292; 28.8%), 124 (42.5%) were thinking of quitting, and 26 (8.9%) were ready to quit. For current smokers, reporting a recent quit attempt (n=243), the frequency of medical support was relatively low: 26 (10.7%) used medication (e.g., nicotine patch), and 48 (19.8%) received advice from a doctor, dentist, or other health care worker. Only two people attended a quit smoking group, while 138 (56.8%) were supported by family or friends. There were no differences in cessation support across socio- demographic parameters. Conclusions: In the group studied .the desire to quit smoking was high and the health professional support for quitting was underused. Dentists and other health professionals can support patients in their desire to quit, ultimately reducing the smoking prevalence and its adverse population health effects in Hungary.
TREATMENT OF CARIOUS PRIMARY MOLARS IN ANXIOUS CHILDREN WITH OZONE: A PILOT STUDY
Authors: Rodionova A. , Maslak E. , Khmysova T. 
Published: February 2025

Aim: To study the results of treating carious lesions in primary molars with ozone in anxious children. Methods: A pilot study was conducted in Volgograd Pediatric Dental Clinic No.2. The study was approved by the Regional Ethics Committee. Informed consent from parents was obtained. In twenty-six 17-51-month-old children (average age 46.2 month) 60 occlusion surfaces of 60 molars diagnosed with ICDAS-II score 3-4 were treated using two methods (a split-mouth design) by an experienced dentist. The conventional invasive method (drilling and filling with glass ionomer cement (GIC) was used in 30 molars (G1), the non-invasive method (gaseous ozone application for 6 seconds and sealing cavitated caries lesions with GIC without excavation of carious dentine) was used in 30 molars (G2). The children were anxious (using the Anxiety Rating Scale and an Uncooperative Behavior Rating Scale) and were judged by the referring dentist as non-treatable. Immediately after the treatment of each tooth a 5-point visual analog scale (VAS) was used to reveal children’s evaluation of the treatment (0 = no discomfort for a child during treatment, 5 = significant discomfort). A chi-squared test was used to compare G1 and G2 results. Results: Using the VAS, 2 of 30 (6.6%) cases in G1 and 28 of 30 (93.3%) cases in G2 were rated as no discomfort up to mild discomfort. Significant, unacceptable discomfort was recorded for 28 of 30 (93.4%) cases in G1 and 3 of 30 (10%) cases in G2 (Chi square, p<0.05). Conclusion: Treatment of carious primary molars with ozone is more comfortable for the anxious children as compared with the invasive technique.
REVIEW OF TEACHING SOCIOLOGY IN THE DENTAL CURRICULUM IN HUNGARY
Authors: MolnÁr R. , ErdŐs C.S. , Paulik E. 
Published: February 2025

Social and behavioural sciences are an essential part of dental education. To understand the uptake of dental treatment by the Hungarian population, dentists and dental hygienists need to study the way that society functions in the present century. Aim: The aim of this study was to review the dental curriculum and generate recommendations to improve the dental undergraduate curriculum from the point of cultural and social processes, and of how to address oral health inequalities. Methods: Content analysis of medical sociology in the dental undergraduate curriculum through a narrative literature review of the most important Hungarian and English research on dental sociology. Results: The content analysis focused on three different parts of sociology, which were dentists, patients and doctor- patient interaction. 1) The dentists are presented from the viewpoint of professional socialization of dental students, main fields and components of professional attitudes and the social status of the dentists, the burnout syndrome among dentists. 2) Patients, the inequalities of dental status were explained on the basis of socioeconomic status; the oral health behaviour, the dental check-ups and other visits to the dentist were shown by the health belief model. 3) Doctor- patient interaction was seen to be an essential part of healthcare. Other aspects included: the psychosocial model of mutual participation, the sociology of dental anxiety, main regularities of dentist-patient communications, patient satisfaction and its psychosocial indicators criteria for good dentist behaviour and going to the doctor process are involved in the curriculum. Conclusion: Because oral health is an essential part of the general health and well-being of individuals and yet there are significant oral health disparities all over the world, in the light of the results of this review, it is important to incorporate medical sociology into the sociology of dental health and develop a curriculum which is more practice- oriented has a closer connection with dental public health and prevention.
LEADERSHIP IN THE SWEDISH PUBLIC DENTAL SERVICE (PDS) IN A TIME OF CHANGE
Authors: PÄLVÄRINNE R.  , WIDSTRÖM E.  
Published: February 2025

The aim of this study was to investigate how the PDS, run by 21 regional authorities called County Councils in Sweden, have managed to keep a strong market position in a time of changes in political ideologies and increased competition with the private sector. Methods: All PDS-managers (Chief Dental Officers) having had the leading position for at least five years (n=22) were asked to participate in a semi-structured telephone interview about their leadership – a study approved by the Ethical Review Board of Malmö University. Sixteen persons participated and they were questioned about the impact of their leadership on the present position of the PDS-organisation, visions, short-time goals and strategies in use, personal actions and opinions on the progress of the competition situation. The questions were sent to CDOs by email before the interview. The interviews were audio taped and transcribed and analysed using the qualitative content analysis method. Results: The CDOs had handled the situation of increased competition through brand building, “Folktandvården” (in Sweden the name of the national PDS), and core value work related to both patients and employees, and less through competitive analysis. However, limited liability company CDOs had a slightly different appearance in their way to describe visions, strategies and short-time goals than the CDOs working in County Councils having more traditional administration forms for the PDS. They used business concepts such as customers, market shares, and yield ups, which did not emerge as clearly in the answers of the other CDOs. Most CDOs considered their own acting as important for a successful development of their PDS organisation. Conclusions: The PDS seems to have a strong position in the Swedish dental care market and much effort had been put into consolidating this position.
EDUCATION-RELATED INEQUALITY IN DENTAL CARIES BEFORE AND AFTER A MAJOR SUBSIDIZATION REFORM
Authors: Raittio E. , Vehkalahti M. , Helminen S. , Suominen A.L. 
Published: February 2025

Between 2001 and 2002, major legislative changes were made in Finland; coverage of subsidized oral health care was extended to cover the whole population. Aims: This study aimed to analyse education-related inequality in untreated dental caries and restorative treatment need among adults aged 30 years and older living in Northern and Southern Finland in 2000 and in 2011. In addition, factors explaining the education-related inequality in the untreated dental caries and restorative treatment need were examined. Methods: Data were taken from the Health 2000 and 2011 population based surveys including information gathered by interviews and clinical dental examinations from Southern and Northern Finland. Participants were recruited via stratified two-stage cluster sampling. Final sample sizes were 2,423 in 2000 and 1,192 in 2011, of whom 888 participated in both study years. Education-related inequalities in number of decayed or fractured teeth were analysed using Poisson regression analysis, relative and slope index of inequality. Explanatory variables were age, gender, time since last dental visit, tooth brushing frequency, marital status, perceived general health and residential location. Ethical approval for the Health 2000 and 2011 surveys was obtained from the coordinating ethics committee of the Helsinki and Uusimaa Hospital Region. Results: Average number of decayed or fractured teeth decreased from 2000 to 2011 (from 0.93 to 0.73 p<0.05). Absolute and relative education-related inequalities decreased approximately 50-60% and 30% from 2000 to 2011, respectively. Tooth brushing frequency and time since last dental visit explained approximately 30-40% of the education-related inequalities. The contribution of time since last dental visit to the education-related inequalities was smaller in 2011 than in 2000. Conclusions: After the major oral health care reform in Finland it seems that, from 2000 to 2011, the levels of untreated dental caries and restorative treatment need decreased hand in hand with educationrelated inequality.
REDUCING DENTAL INEQUALITIES THROUGH A SUSTAINABLY MINDED WORKFORCE: A POSSIBLE SOLUTION
Authors: Vadher D.J.*. , Shah S. 
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Health and the environment are intrinsically linked; protection of the environment is essential for ensuring the long-term health of people and communities. As health practitioners, concerned with the well-being of patients, it is imperative we consider the environment whilst providing dental care. Dental care should be provided considering social, environmental and economic constraints, to reduce dental inequalities and the ensure resources for future generations simultaneously. To address these issues “An Introduction to Sustainable Dentistry and Measuring Carbon in Healthcare” e-learning module has been produced to educate the dental workforce to act sustainably and take a more holistic approach to health care delivery. The module is accessible for free via the “ e-learning for health” platform for the NHS workforce. Aim: An aim at the Centre for Sustainable Healthcare (CSH) is to raise awareness of the importance of sustainability in dentistry amongst dental professionals. Methods: This poster details the methods within the module. Initiation of the module was the result of a project and stakeholder mapping exercise involving a programme reference group. A stakeholder analysis identified key groups which the team at CSH would need to influence. Project opportunities were mapped against key groups to isolate which projects could deliver the highest impact. Development of the e-module was deemed the highest impact project to influence a change towards sustainable practice. With the aid of the programme reference group and professionals with knowledge in sustainability and carbon modelling, development of the module commenced. The four Principles of Sustainable healthcare form the foundation of the module content. Disease prevention and health promotion with an emphasis on patient education and self-care can help reduce the burden on an already stretched health care system. Furthermore the development of lean service delivery pathways, with integration of specialist services and use of clinically effective low carbon medical technologies will reduce resource use. Adherence to the four Principles, considering the triple bottom line and wider determinants of health when designing dental systems and in daily clinical practice can enable provision of an efficient, more equitable dental service, thereby reducing dental inequalities in the population of interest. The module successfully launched on NHS Sustainability day this year. Conclusion: The module is currently under evaluation which will be reported on in the near future. We envision the training module could be used more widely across Europe, and be a driving force for a system wide change in dentistry, as the environment is a concern to all.