bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MAJORIZATION TYPE INEQUALITIES VIA GREEN FUNCTION AND HERMITE'S POLYNOMIAL
Authors: Khan M. Adil , Latif N. , Pecaric J. 
Published: February 2017

The Hermite polynomial and Green function are used to constructthe identities related to majorization type inequalities for convex function. By using Cebysev functional the bounds for the new identities are found to develop the Gruss and Ostrowski type inequalities. Further more exponential convexity together with Cauchy means is presented for linear functionals associated with the obtained inequalities.DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.22342/jims.22.1.251.1-25
FOUNDATIONS OF ORDERED (SEMI)HYPERRINGS
Authors: Davvaz Bijan , Omidi S. 
Published: February 2017

In this paper, we introduce the notion of general hyperring $(R,+,\cdot)$ besides a binary relation $\le $, where $\le $ is a partial order such that satisfies the conditions: (1) If $a \le b$, then $a+c \le b+c$, meaning that for any $x \in a+c$, there exists $y \in b+c$ such that $x\le y$. The case $c+a\le c+b$ is defined similarly. (2) If $a \le b$ and $c \in R$, then $a\cdot c \le b\cdot c$, meaning that for any $x\in a\cdot c$, there exists $y\in b\cdot c$ such that $x\le y$. The case $c\cdot a \le c\cdot b$ is defined similarly. This structure is called an ordered general hyperring. Also, we present several examples of ordered general hyperrings and prove some results in this respect. By using the notion of pseudoorder on an ordered general hyperring $(R,+,\cdot,\le)$, we obtain an ordered ring. Moreover, we study some properties of pseudoorder on an ordered general hyperring.DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.22342/jims.22.2.233.131-150
The effects of reduced rpd3 levels on fly physiology
Authors: Woods Jared K. , Ziafazeli Tahereh , Rogina Blanka 
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUND: Rpd3 is a conserved histone deacetylase that removes acetyl groups from lysine residues within histones and other proteins. Reduction or inhibition of Rpd3 extends longevity in yeast, worms, and flies. Previous studies in flies suggest an overlap with the mechanism of lifespan extension by dietary restriction. However, the mechanism of rpd3’s effects on longevity remains unclear. OBJECTIVES: In this study we investigated how rpd3 reduction affects fly spontaneous physical activity, fecundity, and stress resistance. METHODS: We examined the effects of rpd3 reduction on fly spontaneous physical activity by using population monitors, we determined female fecundity by counting daily egg laying, and we determined fly survivorship in response to starvation and paraquat. RESULTS: In flies, rpd3 reduction increases peak spontaneous physical activity of rpd3 def male flies at a young age but does not affect total 24 hour activity. Male and female rpd3 def mutants are more resistant to starvation on low and high calorie diets. In addition, increased resistance to paraquat was observed in females of one allele. A decrease in rpd3 levels does not affect female fecundity. CONCLUSIONS: A decrease in rpd3 levels mirrors some but not all changes associated with calorie restriction, illustrated by an increased peak of spontaneous activity in rpd3 def/+ heterozygous male flies but no effect on total spontaneous activity and fecundity.
Assessing the effectiveness of topical betamethasone to treat chronic chilblains: a randomised clinical trial in primary care
Authors: Souwer Ibo H , Bor Jacobus HJ , Smits Paul , Lagro-Janssen Antoine LM 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundGPs prescribe topical corticosteroids to patients with chronic chilblains despite poor evidence for their effectiveness. The authors of the current study therefore decided to assess the effectiveness of topical steroids in a primary care setting.AimTo assess the effectiveness of topical application of betamethasone valerate 0.1% cream in patients with chronic chilblains.Design and settingA placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover, randomised clinical trial in a Dutch primary care setting.MethodThe study population consisted of 34 participants suffering from chronic chilblains. Intervention was topical application of betamethasone valerate 0.1% cream twice a day for 6 weeks compared with placebo. Primary outcome was the visual analogue scale on complaints (VOC). Secondary outcome was the visual analogue scale on disability (VOD). Both were assessed with a diary of daily scores on a 100 mm visual analogue scale. The authors took ambient temperatures into account, checked for a carry-over effect, performed additional analysis, and monitored adverse effects.ResultsOn the primary outcome mean VOC, there was a difference of 0.56 mm (95% confidence interval [CI] = −2.88 to 3.99 mm) in favour of placebo (P = 0.744). On the secondary outcome mean VOD, there was a difference of 0.88 mm (95% CI = −2.22 to 3.98 mm) in favour of placebo (P = 0.567). This study found no carry-over effect and no adverse effects.ConclusionIn this study, topical betamethasone was not superior to placebo in the treatment of chronic chilblains. Topical betamethasone should not be used for chronic chilblains without new evidence.
Identification of downy mildew resistance gene candidates by positional cloning in maize (Zea mays subsp. mays; Poaceae)
Authors: Kim Jae Yoon , Moon Jun‐Cheol , Kim Hyo Chul , Shin Seungho , Song Kitae , Kim Kyung‐Hee , Lee Byung‐Moo 
Published: February 2017

Premise of the study:Positional cloning in combination with phenotyping is a general approach to identify disease‐resistance gene candidates in plants; however, it requires several time‐consuming steps including population or fine mapping. Therefore, in the present study, we suggest a new combined strategy to improve the identification of disease‐resistance gene candidates.Methods and Results:Downy mildew (DM)–resistant maize was selected from five cultivars using a spreader row technique. Positional cloning and bioinformatics tools were used to identify the DM‐resistance quantitative trait locus marker (bnlg1702) and 47 protein‐coding gene annotations. Eventually, five DM‐resistance gene candidates, including bZIP34, Bak1, and Ppr, were identified by quantitative reverse‐transcription PCR (RT‐PCR) without fine mapping of the bnlg1702 locus.Conclusions:The combined protocol with the spreader row technique, quantitative trait locus positional cloning, and quantitative RT‐PCR was effective for identifying DM‐resistance candidate genes. This cloning approach may be applied to other whole‐genome‐sequenced crops or resistance to other diseases.
Alma Observations of Massive Molecular Gas Filaments Encasing Radio Bubbles in the Phoenix Cluster
Authors: Russell H. R. , McDonald M. , McNamara B. R. , Fabian A. C. , Nulsen P. E. J. , Bayliss M. B. , Benson B. A. , Brodwin M. , Carlstrom J. E. , Edge A. C. , Hlavacek-Larrondo J. , Marrone D. P. , Reichardt C. L. , Vieira J. D. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
We report new ALMA observations of the CO(3-2) line emission from the

molecular gas reservoir in the central galaxy of the Phoenix cluster. The cold molecular gas is fueling a vigorous starburst at a rate of

and powerful black hole activity in the forms of both intense quasar radiation and radio jets. The radio jets have inflated huge bubbles filled with relativistic plasma into the hot, X-ray atmospheres surrounding the host galaxy. The ALMA observations show that extended filaments of molecular gas, each

long with a mass of several billion solar masses, are located along the peripheries of the radio bubbles. The smooth velocity gradients and narrow line widths along each filament reveal massive, ordered molecular gas flows around each bubble, which are inconsistent with gravitational free-fall. The molecular clouds have been lifted directly by the radio bubbles, or formed via thermal instabilities induced in low-entropy gas lifted in the updraft of the bubbles. These new data provide compelling evidence for close coupling between the radio bubbles and the cold gas, which is essential to explain the self-regulation of feedback. The very feedback mechanism that heats hot atmospheres and suppresses star formation may also paradoxically stimulate production of the cold gas required to sustain feedback in massive galaxies.
Multiplicity among Solar-type Stars
Authors: Fuhrmann K. , Chini R. , Kaderhandt L. , Chen Z. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
We present a multiplicity census for a volume-complete all-sky survey of 422 stars with distances less than 25 pc and primary main-sequence effective temperatures T
eff ≥ 5300 K. Very similar to previous results that have been presented for various subsets of this survey, we confirm the positive correlation of the stellar multiplicities with primary mass. We find for the F- and G-type Population I stars that 58% are non-single and 21% are in triple or higher level systems. For the old intermediate-disk and Population II stars—virtually all of G type and less massive—even two out of three sources prove to be non-single. These numbers being lower limits because of the continuous flow of new discoveries, the unbiased survey clearly demonstrates that the standard case for solar-type field stars is a hydrogen-burning source with at least one ordinary or degenerate stellar companion, and a surprisingly large number of stars are organized in multiple systems. A principal consequence is that orbital evolution, including the formation of blue straggler stars, is a potentially important issue on all spatial scales and timescales for a significant percentage of the stellar systems, in particular among Population II stars. We discuss a number of recent observations of known or suspected companions in the local survey, including a new detection of a double-lined Ba-Bb subsystem to the visual binary HR 8635.
Quantifying Environmental and Line-of-sight Effects in Models of Strong Gravitational Lens Systems
Authors: McCully Curtis , Keeton Charles R. , Wong Kenneth C. , Zabludoff Ann I. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Matter near a gravitational lens galaxy or projected along the line of sight (LOS) can affect strong lensing observables by more than contemporary measurement errors. We simulate lens fields with realistic three-dimensional mass configurations (self-consistently including voids), and then fit mock lensing observables with increasingly complex lens models to quantify biases and uncertainties associated with different ways of treating the lens environment (ENV) and LOS. We identify the combination of mass, projected offset, and redshift that determines the importance of a perturbing galaxy for lensing. Foreground structures have a stronger effect on the lens potential than background structures, due to nonlinear effects in the foreground and downweighting in the background. There is dramatic variation in the net strength of ENV/LOS effects across different lens fields; modeling fields individually yields stronger priors for H
0 than ray tracing through N-body simulations. Models that ignore mass outside the lens yield poor fits and biased results. Adding external shear can account for tidal stretching from galaxies at redshifts

, but it requires corrections for external convergence and cannot reproduce nonlinear effects from foreground galaxies. Using the tidal approximation is reasonable for most perturbers as long as nonlinear redshift effects are included. Even then, the scatter in H
0 is limited by the lens profile degeneracy. Asymmetric image configurations produced by highly elliptical lens galaxies are less sensitive to the lens profile degeneracy, so they offer appealing targets for precision lensing analyses in future surveys like LSST and Euclid.
Sparse Reconstruction of Electric Fields from Radial Magnetic Data
Authors: Yeates Anthony R. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Accurate estimates of the horizontal electric field on the Sun’s visible surface are important not only for estimating the Poynting flux of magnetic energy into the corona but also for driving time-dependent magnetohydrodynamic models of the corona. In this paper, a method is developed for estimating the horizontal electric field from a sequence of radial-component magnetic field maps. This problem of inverting Faraday’s law has no unique solution. Unfortunately, the simplest solution (a divergence-free electric field) is not realistically localized in regions of nonzero magnetic field, as would be expected from Ohm’s law. Our new method generates instead a localized solution, using a basis pursuit algorithm to find a sparse solution for the electric field. The method is shown to perform well on test cases where the input magnetic maps are flux balanced in both Cartesian and spherical geometries. However, we show that if the input maps have a significant imbalance of flux—usually arising from data assimilation—then it is not possible to find a localized, realistic, electric field solution. This is the main obstacle to driving coronal models from time sequences of solar surface magnetic maps.
VULCAN: An Open-source, Validated Chemical Kinetics Python Code for Exoplanetary Atmospheres
Authors: Tsai Shang-Min , Lyons James R. , Grosheintz Luc , Rimmer Paul B. , Kitzmann Daniel , Heng Kevin 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
We present an open-source and validated chemical kinetics code for studying hot exoplanetary atmospheres, which we name VULCAN. It is constructed for gaseous chemistry from 500 to 2500 K, using a reduced C–H–O chemical network with about 300 reactions. It uses eddy diffusion to mimic atmospheric dynamics and excludes photochemistry. We have provided a full description of the rate coefficients and thermodynamic data used. We validate VULCAN by reproducing chemical equilibrium and by comparing its output versus the disequilibrium-chemistry calculations of Moses et al. and Rimmer & Helling. It reproduces the models of HD 189733b and HD 209458b by Moses et al., which employ a network with nearly 1600 reactions. We also use VULCAN to examine the theoretical trends produced when the temperature–pressure profile and carbon-to-oxygen ratio are varied. Assisted by a sensitivity test designed to identify the key reactions responsible for producing a specific molecule, we revisit the quenching approximation and find that it is accurate for methane but breaks down for acetylene, because the disequilibrium abundance of acetylene is not directly determined by transport-induced quenching, but is rather indirectly controlled by the disequilibrium abundance of methane. Therefore we suggest that the quenching approximation should be used with caution and must always be checked against a chemical kinetics calculation. A one-dimensional model atmosphere with 100 layers, computed using VULCAN, typically takes several minutes to complete. VULCAN is part of the Exoclimes Simulation Platform (ESP; exoclime.net) and publicly available at https://github.com/exoclime/VULCAN.
Elevated Pre-Treatment IL-18 Level is associated with HBeAg Seroconversion in HIV-HBV Coinfection
Authors: Li Yijia , Xie Jing , Wang Huanling , Han Yang , Wang Nidan , Thio Chloe L , Li Taisheng 
Published: February 2017

Background In HBV-infected patients, hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion is associated with better outcomes. Interleukin-18 (IL-18) controls hepatitis B replication in a mouse model. However, its role in treatment response in HIV–HBV-coinfected patients is unknown. Methods We enrolled 35 treatment-naive, HBeAg-positive, HIV–HBV-coinfected patients. HBV DNA, HIV RNA, CD4+ T-cell count, HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) quantification (qHBsAg), HBeAg quantification (qHBeAg) and IL-18 levels were measured prior to, at 24 and 48 weeks of HBV-active combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Multivariate Poisson regression models with robust standard errors were used to determine factors associated with HBeAg seroconversion. Results Twenty-one patients received tenofovir (TDF) + lamivudine (3TC) based cART while 14 patients received 3TC-based cART. After 48 weeks of treatment, 10 patients experienced HBeAg seroconversion. Compared with non-seroconverters, seroconverters had higher median HIV RNA (5.22 versus 4.58 log copies/ml; P=0.030), lower median qHBsAg (3.97 versus 4.76 log IU/ml; P=0.011), lower median qHBeAg (1.61 versus 3.01 log PEIU/ml; P=0.004) and marginally higher median IL-18 (2.70 versus 2.53 log pg/ml; P=0.068) prior to ART. In the multivariate regression, higher baseline IL-18 (adjusted relative risk [aRR] 2.99 per 1 log pg/ml increase; P=0.035), high HIV RNA (aRR 1.84 per 1 log copies/ml; P=0.029) and low qHBeAg (aRR 0.71 per 1 log PEIU/ml; P=0.029) were significantly associated with HBeAg seroconversion. Conclusions In HIV–HBV-coinfected patients with HBeAg positivity, higher IL-18 levels, HIV RNA load, as well as low qHBeAg prior to cART were associated with HBeAg seroconversion.
Using Twitter in Higher Education in Spain and the USA
Authors: Tur Gemma , Marín-Juarros Victoria , Carpenter Jeffrey 
Published: February 2017

This article examines student and teachers’ use and perceptions of Twitter, based on a mixed-method comparative approach. Participants (N=153) were education majors who used Twitter as a part of required coursework in their programs at two universities in Spain and the United States. The theoretical background covers research on international work carried out on Twitter as well as a brief overview of the introduction of technology in two educational national systems. Quantitative data were collected via a survey, while qualitative data were obtained from students’ reflective written texts. The majority of participants from both contexts perceived educational benefits to Twitter. However, their use of Twitter, and the nature of their perceptions of its educational value, appeared to differ in important ways. The U.S. participants’ longer and more frequent use of Twitter was accompanied by more positive beliefs regarding the educational relevance of Twitter. While many Spanish participants saw value in the use of Twitter to find and share information, U.S. students highlighted interactive and collaborative uses. The study uncovers some challenges for learning related to Twitter’s short format. In the conclusion section we discuss implications for learning and teaching in an age of ubiquitous social media.El presente artículo examina los usos y las percepciones de estudiantes y profesores en relación a Twitter a partir de una investigación comparada con metodologías mixtas. Los participantes (n=153) fueron alumnos de educación de dos universidades en España y EEUU que usaron Twitter como parte de una actividad del curso. El marco teórico abarca la investigación internacional sobre Twitter así como un breve repaso a la introducción de la tecnología en los dos sistemas educativos nacionales. Los datos cuantitativos se recogieron con un cuestionario mientras que los datos cualitativos se obtuvieron a través de los textos reflexivos escritos de los estudiantes. La mayoría de los participantes de los dos contextos percibieron los beneficios educativos de Twitter. Sin embargo, su uso de Twitter y la naturaleza de sus percepciones en relación a su valor educativo, difirió de maneras importantes. Los participantes de EEUU usaron Twitter por más tiempo y de manera más frecuente a la vez que demostraron creencias más positivas en relación a la relevancia educativa de Twitter. Mientras que los participantes españoles valoraron el uso de Twitter para encontrar y compartir información, los estudiantes americanos destacaron los usos para la interacción y la colaboración. El estudio destapa algunos retos del formato breve de Twitter para el aprendizaje. En las conclusiones discutimos las implicaciones para la enseñanza aprendizaje en la era de la ubicuidad de los medios sociales.
The role of original version cinema into the European digital space
Authors: Ledo-Andión Margarita , López-Gómez Antía , Castelló-Mayo Enrique 
Published: February 2017

This paper reports the results derived from the research project, entitled “eDCINEMA: Towards the European Digital Space. The role of small cinemas in original version” (CSO2012-35784), which focused on the analysis of the role of movies in OV/OVS in achieving diversity of languages and cultures (as viewed from the European Digital Agenda) as well as Community policies on the promotion of small cinemas in the European digital space. The current study is based on a methodological triangulation, a transnational exchange of information between 62 European experts and a multistage organization, which included: a critical review of the scarce essay writing and profuse Community rules, in-depth interviews with international experts and a design and implementation of a prospective Delphi questionnaire. One of the most remarkable research results is summarized as an indicator of the conflict between the clearly demonstrated OV influences to make progress towards achieving the ideal of a real language diversity, and Community-wide application of packages of random measures, which often leads to lack of expected results. Consequently, the study suggests a strategic reorientation of the European Audiovisual Model toward further exploitation of its 24 languages, on the role of vernacular and not just as vehicular languages, and eventually as guarantors in the process of reliable access to cultural and scientific repertoires.
El presente trabajo pormenoriza los resultados de la investigación «eDCinema: Hacia el espacio digital europeo, el papel de las cinematografías pequeñas en versión original» (CSO2012-35784), orientada al análisis del rol que el cine en VO/VOS desempeña en la consecución de la diversidad lingüística y cultural contemplada en la Agenda Digital Europea, así como del encaje normativo de las cinematografías de pequeñas dimensiones en el espacio digital europeo. La triangulación múltiple del proyecto pivota sobre un planteamiento pluridisciplinar, basado en un intercambio transnacional de conocimientos dimanantes de un panel de 62 expertos europeos, así como en un pautado polietápico que incluye: revisión crítica de la escasa literatura ensayística y de la profusa normativa comunitaria, realización de entrevistas en profundidad a expertos y diseño y aplicación de un cuestionario prospectivo Delphi. Entre los resultados del estudio destaca el hecho paradójico de que, frente a la contrastada relevancia del acceso a contenidos en VO como complemento indispensable de la cohesión cultural europea y de la consecución del ideal de diversidad lingüística, la UE continúa implementando paquetes de medidas de carácter aleatorio, fragmentario y contingente que, en general, abocan a una sistémica ausencia de resultados. Consecuentemente, se recomienda una reorientación estratégica del modelo audiovisual europeo a la explotación de sus 24 lenguas, en su condición vernácula y no sólo vehicular, como garantes del acceso fidedigno a vastos repertorios culturales o científicos.