bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non‐buprenorphine opioid utilization among patients using buprenorphine
Authors: Daubresse Matthew , Saloner Brendan , Pollack Harold A. , Alexander G. Caleb 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackground and AimsBuprenorphine is commonly used to treat opioid use disorder; however, non‐buprenorphine prescription opioid use among these patients is not well defined. We sought to estimate the prevalence of non‐buprenorphine opioid use among incident buprenorphine users and quantify levels of opioid use prior to, during and after the first treatment episode.DesignWe used QuintilesIMS anonymized, individual‐level, all‐payer pharmacy claims to identify incident users of buprenorphine between January 2010 and July 2012 from a large cohort of approximately 50 million patients filling two or more prescriptions for any opioid during any calendar year between 2006 and 2013 in 11 states of interest.SettingEleven states within the United States.ParticipantsOf the individuals who met our inclusion criteria (n = 38 096), 55% were female and half were aged between 29 and 54 years. Median length of the first treatment episode was 55 days [interquartile range (IQR) = 28–168 days].MeasurementsWe calculated four measures of non‐buprenorphine opioid use: (1) number of prescriptions, (2) quantity dispensed, (3) days of supply and (4) total morphine milligram equivalents (MME) before, during and after the first treatment episode. Our primary outcome was the MME per opioid day supplied during each time period.FindingsApproximately two‐fifths (43%) of buprenorphine recipients filled an opioid prescription during the treatment episode and two‐thirds (67%) filled an opioid prescription following treatment. The mean total of MME per opioid day supplied 12 months prior to treatment declined from 57 mg/per day [95% confidence interval (CI) = 57, 58] to 54 mg/per day (95% CI = 54, 55) during the treatment episode, then remained constant at 55 mg/per day (95% CI = 54, 56) following the treatment episode.ConclusionsThe use of buprenorphine for the treatment of opioid use disorder has increased markedly in the United States. However, a substantial proportion of patients fill prescriptions for non‐buprenorphine opioids during and following such treatment.
A prospective study of maternal, fetal and neonatal outcomes in the setting of cesarean section in low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Harrison Margo S. , Pasha Omrana , Saleem Sarah , Ali Sumera , Chomba Elwyn , Carlo Waldemar A. , Garces Ana L. , Krebs Nancy F. , Hambidge K. Michael , Goudar Shivaprasad S. , Kodkany Bhala , Dhaded Sangappa , Derman Richard J. , Patel Archana , Hibberd Patricia L. , Esamai Fabian , Liechty Edward A. , Moore Janet L. , Wallace Dennis , Mcclure Elizabeth M. , Miodovnik Menachem , Koso‐Thomas Marion , Belizan Jose , Tshefu Antoinette K. , Bauserman Melissa , Goldenberg Robert L. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIntroductionCesarean section (CS) rates are increasing globally with an unclear effect on pregnancy outcomes. The study objective was to quantify maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality associated with CS compared with vaginal delivery (VD) both within and across sites in low‐ and middle‐income countries.Material and methodsA prospective population‐based study including home and facility births in 337 153 women with a VD and 47 308 women with a CS from 2010 to 2015 was performed in Guatemala, India, Kenya, Pakistan, Zambia and Democratic Republic of Congo. Women were enrolled during pregnancy; delivery and 6‐week follow‐up data were collected.ResultsAcross all sites, CS rates increased from 8.6% to 15.2%, but remained low in African sites. Younger, nulliparous women were more likely to have a CS, as were women with higher education and those delivering an infant weighing 1500–2499 g. Across all sites, maternal and neonatal mortality was higher, and stillbirths were lower, in pregnancies delivered by CS. Antepartum and postpartum complications as well as obstetric interventions and treatments were more common among women who underwent CS. In stratified analyses, all outcomes were worse in women with a CS compared with VD in African compared to non‐African sites.ConclusionsCS rates increased across all sites during the study period, but at more pronounced rates in the non‐African sites. CS was associated with reduced postpartum hemorrhage and lower rates of stillbirths in the non‐African sites. In the African sites, CS was associated with an increase in all adverse outcomes. Further studies are necessary to better understand the increase in adverse outcomes with CS in the African sites.
REACHING THE RURAL POOR THROUGH AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVES IN MONGOLIA
Authors: HILLIOVA Marketa , HEJKRLIK Jiri , MAZANCOVA Jana , TSEREN Tserendavaa 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThis paper focuses on the cooperative sector in central Mongolia. Its aim is to provide new insights into the role and importance of cooperatives among poor rural populations. We analyse cooperatives’ inclusiveness of smaller herders and farmers and cooperatives’ governance structures. The research is based on data collected in selected provinces of the central Töv region. The data were collected for three distinctive target groups – cooperative board members, cooperative members and non‐members. We found that the cooperative sector in Mongolia is strongly affected by the governmental policy regarding wool subsidies, which provides subsidies only to cooperative members and has consequently caused rapid growth in the number of new, free‐riding cooperative members and led to very low levels of members’ self‐identification with their cooperatives. This policy also affects the inner organizational structures of cooperatives. Further, we found indications that poorer farmers tend not to be members of cooperatives and that the overall benefits for non‐members and the general community arising from local cooperatives are rather low.
Repeated maximal‐intensity hypoxic exercise superimposed to hypoxic residence boosts skeletal muscle transcriptional responses in elite team‐sport athletes
Authors: Brocherie F. , Millet G. P. , D'Hulst G. , Van Thienen R. , Deldicque L. , Girard O. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAimTo determine whether repeated maximal‐intensity hypoxic exercise induces larger beneficial adaptations on the hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α pathway and its target genes than similar normoxic exercise, when combined with chronic hypoxic exposure.MethodsLowland elite male team‐sport athletes underwent 14 days of passive normobaric hypoxic exposure [≥14 h·day−1 at inspired oxygen fraction (FiO2) 14.5–14.2%] with the addition of six maximal‐intensity exercise sessions either in normobaric hypoxia (FiO2 ~14.2%; LHTLH; n = 9) or in normoxia (FiO2 20.9%; LHTL; n = 11). A group living in normoxia with no additional maximal‐intensity exercise (LLTL; n = 10) served as control. Before (Pre), immediately after (Post‐1) and 3 weeks after (Post‐2) the intervention, muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis.ResultsHypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α subunit, vascular endothelial growth factor, myoglobin, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐gamma coactivator 1‐α and mitochondrial transcription factor A mRNA levels increased at Post‐1 (all P ≤ 0.05) in LHTLH, but not in LHTL or LLTL, and returned near baseline levels at Post‐2. The protein expression of citrate synthase increased in LHTLH (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01 at Post‐1 and Post‐2, respectively) and LLTL (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05 at Post‐1 and Post‐2, respectively), whereas it decreased in LHTL at Post‐1 and Post‐2 (both P < 0.001).ConclusionCombined with residence in normobaric hypoxia, repeated maximal‐intensity hypoxic exercise induces short‐term post‐intervention beneficial changes in muscle transcriptional factors that are of larger magnitude (or not observed) than with similar normoxic exercise. The decay of molecular adaptations was relatively fast, with most of benefits already absent 3 weeks post‐intervention.
Exclusive enteral nutrition provides an effective bridge to safer interval elective surgery for adults with Crohn's disease
Authors: Heerasing N. , Thompson B. , Hendy P. , Heap G. A. , Walker G. , Bethune R. , Mansfield S. , Calvert C. , Kennedy N. A. , Ahmad T. , Goodhand J. R. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryBackgroundFew studies have reported the systematic use of exclusive enteral nutrition in the perioperative setting.AimTo test the hypothesis that exclusive enteral nutrition provides a safe and effective bridge to surgery and reduces post‐operative complications, in adult patients with Crohn's disease requiring urgent surgery for stricturing or penetrating complications.MethodsPatients treated with exclusive enteral nutrition prior to surgery were each matched with two control patients for disease behaviour, type of surgery, age at diagnosis and disease duration. Data on disease phenotype, nutritional status, operative course and post‐operative complications were obtained.ResultsTwenty‐five per cent [13/51] patients treated with exclusive enteral nutrition avoided surgery. Exclusive enteral nutrition had no effect on pre‐operative weight, but it significantly reduced serum CRP [median at baseline 36 (interquartile range, IQR: 13–91] vs. pre‐operation 8 (4–31) mg/L, P = 0.02]. The median (IQR) length of surgery was shorter in patients pre‐optimised with exclusive enteral nutrition than controls [3.0 (2.5–3.5) vs. 3.5 (3.0–4.0) hours respectively, P < 0.001]. Multivariable logistic regression analysis confirmed that going straight‐to‐surgery compared exclusive enteral nutrition pre‐optimisation was associated with a ninefold increase in the incidence of post‐operative abscess and/or anastomotic leak [OR 9.1; 95% CI (1.2–71.2), P = 0.04].ConclusionsExclusive enteral nutrition frequently down‐stages the need for surgery in patients presenting with stricturing or penetrating complications of Crohn's disease; it is associated with a reduction in systemic inflammation, operative times and the incidence of post‐operative abscess or anastomotic leak. Further trials are needed to elucidate how exclusive enteral nutrition may improve operative outcomes.
Does the Presence of Female Executives Curb Earnings Management? Evidence from Korea
Authors: Kim Hyun Ah , Jeong Seok Woo , Kang Tony , Lee Dongyoung 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe investigate the role of female executives in curbing earnings management behaviour in Korea, a country known for its strong male‐dominant culture. In a sample of Korean firms from 2002 to 2010, we find that female presence in top management is negatively associated with discretionary accruals, suggesting that gender diversity in senior management deters opportunistic financial reporting even in a highly male‐dominant corporate environment. Further, this association is primarily observed in firms with stronger (weaker) female (male) dominance. This finding is consistent with the idea that female executives can exert more influence on corporate decisions in a more female‐friendly environment. These findings have implications for academics and practitioners seeking to understand the impact of the role of top executive gender diversity in corporate accounting practices.
Climate change and alpine stream biology: progress, challenges, and opportunities for the future
Authors: Hotaling Scott , Finn Debra S. , Joseph Giersch J. , Weisrock David W. , Jacobsen Dean 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTIn alpine regions worldwide, climate change is dramatically altering ecosystems and affecting biodiversity in many ways. For streams, receding alpine glaciers and snowfields, paired with altered precipitation regimes, are driving shifts in hydrology, species distributions, basal resources, and threatening the very existence of some habitats and biota. Alpine streams harbour substantial species and genetic diversity due to significant habitat insularity and environmental heterogeneity. Climate change is expected to affect alpine stream biodiversity across many levels of biological resolution from micro‐ to macroscopic organisms and genes to communities. Herein, we describe the current state of alpine stream biology from an organism‐focused perspective. We begin by reviewing seven standard and emerging approaches that combine to form the current state of the discipline. We follow with a call for increased synthesis across existing approaches to improve understanding of how these imperiled ecosystems are responding to rapid environmental change. We then take a forward‐looking viewpoint on how alpine stream biologists can make better use of existing data sets through temporal comparisons, integrate remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) technologies, and apply genomic tools to refine knowledge of underlying evolutionary processes. We conclude with comments about the future of biodiversity conservation in alpine streams to confront the daunting challenge of mitigating the effects of rapid environmental change in these sentinel ecosystems.
Clinical change after the implementation of the Choice and Partnership Approach within an Australian Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service
Authors: Naughton Jonine N.L. , Carroll Matthew , Basu Soumya , Maybery Darryl 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundThe Choice and Partnership Approach (CAPA) model has been implemented widely into Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) in the United Kingdom and similar health systems in Australia and New Zealand. This study investigated whether the implementation of the CAPA model was related to changes in client clinical outcomes and response times within a regional Australian CAMHS.MethodMultiple measures of time, clinical diagnosis, contact and outcomes were collected at intake and discharge for 33 clients prior to and 77 following the implementation of CAPA.ResultsA two‐tailed t‐test showed that the significantly reduced waiting time was associated with the timing of CAPA implementation. The Health of the Nation Outcome Scales for Children and Adolescents information subscale showed a significant post‐CAPA implementation improvement. A chi‐square test for independence showed that the CAPA model group had significantly more initial clinical appointments.ConclusionsAfter the implementation of CAPA, the flow of young people through the service improved, with children and adolescents being seen in a more timely manner. The findings highlighted that the greater client throughput did not negatively impact upon clinical outcomes. Further prospective research with the completion of multi‐informant outcome measures is recommended.
Experiences of parents of children with special needs at school entry: a mixed method approach
Authors: Siddiqua A. , Janus M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe transition from pre‐school to kindergarten can be complex for children who need special assistance due to mental or physical disabilities (children with ‘special needs’). We used a convergent mixed method approach to explore parents' experiences with service provision as their children transitioned to school.MethodsParents (including one grandparent) of 37 children aged 4 to 6 years completed measures assessing their perceptions of and satisfaction with services. Semi‐structured interviews were also conducted with 10 parents to understand their experience with services.ResultsPost transition, parents reported lower perceptions of services and decreased satisfaction than pre‐transition. The following themes emerged from the qualitative data: qualities of services and service providers, communication and information transfer, parent advocacy, uncertainty about services, and contrasts and contradictions in satisfaction. The qualitative findings indicate that parents were both satisfied and concerned with aspects of the post‐transition service provision.ConclusionsWhile the quantitative results suggested that parents' experience with services became less positive after their children entered school, the qualitative findings illustrated the variability in parents' experiences and components of service provision that require improvements to facilitate a successful school entry.
Peer Groups as a Context for School Misconduct: The Moderating Role of Group Interactional Style
Authors: Ellis Wendy , Zarbatany Lynne , Chen Xinyin , Kinal Megan , Boyko Lisa 
Published: January 2017

Peer group interactional style was examined as a moderator of the relation between peer group school misconduct and group members' school misconduct. Participants were 705 students (Mage = 11.59 years, SD = 1.37) in 148 peer groups. Children reported on their school misconduct in fall and spring. In the winter, group members were observed in a limited‐resource task and a group conversation task, and negative and positive group interactional styles were assessed. Multilevel modeling indicated that membership in groups that were higher on school misconduct predicted greater school misconduct only when the groups were high on negative or low on positive interactional style. Results suggest that negative laughter and a coercive interactional style may intensify group effects on children's misconduct.
NEAT1: A novel cancer‐related long non‐coding RNA
Authors: Yu Xin , Li Zheng , Zheng Heyi , Chan Matthew T. V. , Wu William Ka Kei 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAberrant overexpression of the long non‐coding RNA NEAT1 (nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1) has been documented in different types of solid tumours, such as lung cancer, oesophageal cancer, colorectal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma, in which its high levels are associated with poor prognosis. In contrast, NEAT1 is downregulated in acute promyelocytic leukaemia where it promotes leucocyte differentiation. In this review, we provide an overview of current evidence concerning the oncogenic role and potential clinical utilities of NEAT1. Further investigations are warranted to elucidate the upstream and downstream mechanisms of NEAT1 overexpression.
Amplifying accountability by benchmarking results at district and national levels
Authors: Evans Alice 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis multi‐level ethnography of the Zambian health system illustrates the importance of top‐down accountability, and how it has emerged in a historically neglected sector. Maternal healthcare indicators are prioritized when they are benchmarked, at district and national levels. The realization that Zambia was lagging behind African countries in making progress towards Millennium Development Goal (MDG) 5 (to reduce the maternal mortality ratio by three quarters) appears to have evoked reputational concerns and revealed inspirational possibilities. Growing prioritization also stems from a change in incentives, with some partner funding being conditional on the proportion of deliveries attended by skilled health personnel.
Clinical study evaluating the accuracy of injecting the distal tarsal joints in the horse
Authors: Seabaugh K. A. , Selberg K. T. , Mueller P. O. E. , Eggleston R. B. , Peroni J. F. , Claunch K. M. , Markwell H. J. , Baxter G. M. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryBackgroundOsteoarthritis (OA) of the centrodistal (CD) and tarsometatarsal (TMT) joints is a common cause of lameness in horses. Intra‐articular diagnostic anaesthesia and/or therapeutic injection are relied upon to help diagnose and treat many horses with OA of these joints.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to determine the accuracy of arthrocentesis of the CD and TMT joints using a sample population of equine surgeons and surgery residents.Study designRandomised experimental study.MethodsSix operators each injected four CD and four TMT joints in 12 sedated horses. The operators were randomly assigned to inject either the left CD and right TMT or the right CD and left TMT on four randomly assigned horses. The joints were injected with a 4 ml solution of contrast medium (2 ml), sterile saline (1.5 ml) and amikacin (0.5 ml). A minimum of two radiographs of each joint was obtained to evaluate the presence of contrast medium within the target joint.ResultsThe TMT joint was successfully injected in 23/24 joints (96% accuracy). The CD joint was successfully injected in 10/24 joints (42% accuracy). Communication between the TMT and CD joints was visible in 26% of successful TMT injections. Communication between the CD and TMT joints was visible in 20% of successful CD injections.Main limitationsDespite specific requests to do so, we were unable to standardise the injection technique across all operators.ConclusionsThe accuracy of injecting the TMT and CD joints of sedated horses was 96 and 42%, respectively. The CD joint was frequently missed with contrast medium being placed in the periarticular tissues. These data support the clinical impression of the difficulty of injecting the CD joint and suggests that practitioners should utilise ancillary methods, such as radiographs, to ensure proper needle placement.
Motivations of recreational fishers involved in fish habitat management
Authors: Copeland C. , Baker E. , Koehn J. D. , Morris S. G. , Cowx I. G. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis study profiled the motivations of recreational fishers involved in habitat management activities in Australia, USA, UK and Ireland. Fishers were surveyed using an online questionnaire. Primary motivations for involvement were social (‘putting something back’) rather than to increase fish numbers or improve fishing experience. Fishers were more likely to participate in habitat management if they were members of a club or organisation or self‐rated their knowledge of various aspects of fish ecology as very good. Most activities undertaken were relatively simple tasks such as picking up litter and contacting government or the media. Fishers that did not take part in habitat management cited lack of time as the principal reason, but organisational issues (lack of contacts, funding and ideas) were also important. There are considerable opportunities for government agencies and recreational fishing organisations to increase the participation of recreational fishers in habitat management as well as their involvement in more complex tasks through targeted programmes providing contact points, ecological information and administrative support.
RNA/DNA ratio as a growth indicator of stream periphyton
Authors: Mewes Daniela , Spielvogel Sandra , Winkelmann Carola 
Published: January 2017

Summary

The quantification of periphyton growth in situ poses numerous difficulties.

The RNA/DNA ratio is widely used as a growth indicator in marine ecology. We tested its applicability as a growth indicator of periphyton in streams of different sizes.

Periphyton‐covered stones sampled from two different watercourses during two seasons were exposed in laboratory flumes to different light levels to induce different growth rates. The relationship between rate of biomass accrual and RNA/DNA ratio was analysed by measuring the chlorophyll‐a content and the RNA and DNA content of total nucleic acid extract of the periphyton respectively.

The RNA/DNA ratios showed a linear relationship with the biomass accrual at all sampling times. The slopes of these relationships varied significantly between the two watercourses, but not between seasons within the same watercourse.

These results indicate that the RNA/DNA ratio can be used as a growth indicator for the periphyton studied here. We recommend that it be used to detect differences in growth rate of the same periphyton community either over time or between different treatments in ecological or ecotoxicological experiments. However, for long‐term monitoring studies, we recommend taxonomic analyses of the assemblages because the observed differences in the relationship between the RNA/DNA ratio and growth rate might be attributed to community structure differences in the assemblages.