bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FGR in the setting of preterm sterile intra‐uterine milieu is associated with a decrease in RDS
Authors: Park Chan‐Wook , Park Joong Shin , Jun Jong Kwan , Yoon Bo Hyun 
Published: December 2015

SummaryObjective: To determine if fetal growth restriction (FGR) in the setting of sterile intra‐uterine milieu would be associated with a decrease in respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) of preterm‐neonates. Methods: The relationship between FGR and neonatal RDS was examined in 92 singleton preterm‐neonates (gestational age [GA]: 24.5–33.4 weeks) born to mothers with sterile intra‐uterine milieu, which consisted of both sterile amniotic fluid (AF), and inflammation‐free placenta. Sterile AF was defined in the absence of both infection and inflammation in AF. AF inflammation was defined in the presence of AF MMP‐8 ≥23 ng/ml. FGR was defined in the presence of birth‐weight (BW) below the 5th percentile for GA. Results: FGR was present in 32% and RDS was found in 46% of patients. RDS was less common (24% vs. 56%; P < 0.01) and umbilical arterial pH at birth ≤7.15 was more common (33% vs. 13%; P < 0.05) in preterm‐neonates with FGR than in those without FGR. There is a stepwise increase in RDS with increasing BW (i.e., below the 5th percentile, the 5th ∼10th percentile, and above the 10th percentile for GA) (P < 0.01, linear by linear association). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that FGR was a better independent predictor of a decrease in RDS (OR = 0.049, 95%CI 0.009–0.259, P < 0.0005) than advanced GA at delivery (OR = 0.584, 95%CI 0.423–0.806, P < 0.005) after adjusting for other confounding variables. Conclusion: FGR in the setting of sterile intra‐uterine milieu is associated with a decrease in RDS of preterm‐neonates. This observation suggests that chronic intra‐uterine hypoxic stress related to FGR may be beneficial to fetal lung maturation. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2016;51:812–819. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Does route of methamphetamine exposure during pregnancy have an impact on neonatal development and behaviour in rat offspring?
Authors: McDonnell‐Dowling Kate , Kelly John P. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractMany preclinical studies have aimed to elucidate the effects of methamphetamine (MA) exposure during pregnancy on the offspring in recent years. However, the severity of effects on the neonate may be related to the subcutaneous (sc) route of administration of the drug that is often employed (88% of preclinical studies) and consequently the delivered dose that the foetus is exposed to. To date there is a paucity of comparative studies investigating different routes of administration for MA during pregnancy and it is not known how these different routes compare when it comes to neonatal outcome. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine if the route of administration of MA (oral gavage or sc injection) during pregnancy at a pharmacological dose affects the magnitude of neurodevelopmental and behavioural effects in the resultant rat offspring. Pregnant Sprague‐Dawley dams (n = 10 dams/group) received MA (3.75 mg/kg) or control (distilled water) via oral gavage or sc injection from gestation day 7–21. A range of well‐recognised neurodevelopmental parameters were examined in the offspring. When administered sc, MA significantly reduced maternal weight gain and altered maternal behaviour; mothers spent less time in the nest with pups and spent less time nursing compared to controls. Significant impairments in neurodevelopmental parameters were evident in both MA treatment groups. Somatic development such as pinna unfolding, fur appearance and eye opening were all delayed after MA exposure but these impairments were more pronounced in the MA sc group. Other somatic parameters such as ano‐genital distance and body length were only impeded by sc MA. Behavioural development in the surface righting, inclined plane and forelimb grip tests were also altered for both MA treatment groups. This study demonstrates that prenatal MA can have a profound effect on neonatal outcome, but this can be exacerbated if given via the subcutaneous route, as well as producing additional effects not seen with the oral gavage route. Consequently, the route of administration should be considered when interpreting preclinical studies investigating prenatal MA exposure.
Predictors of outcome of surgery in adults with mesial lesional temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Panigrahi Manas , Vooturi Sudhindra , Vadapalli Rammohan , Somayajula Shanmukhi , Madigubba Sailaja , Jayalakshmi Sita 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Background We report the clinical characteristics and outcome of epilepsy surgery in adult patients with intractable epilepsy due to isolated lesional temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).
Methods Retrospective analysis of clinical and outcome characteristics in 47 consecutive adult patients with intractable epilepsy due to isolated lesional TLE who underwent epilepsy surgery from November 2009 to January 2015 was done to predictors of outcome.
Results The mean age at surgery of the study population was 30.74 ± 10.85 years with 20 (43.5%) women. While the average age at onset of epilepsy was 20.12 ± 12.52 years, average duration of epilepsy was 10.78 ± 7.96 years. Favourable Engels outcome was observed in 39 (84.8%) of the patients. Findings on histopathology reported glioma in 24 (52.0%) of the patients. On comparing patients with favourable outcome (n = 39) with those with unfavourable outcome (n = 7), age at surgery was significantly higher in patients with unfavourable outcome (40.14 ± 11.69 years vs 29.05 ± 9.92 years; p = 0.011). Higher percentage of patients with unfavourable outcome scored poor on pre-surgical IQ tests (42.9% vs 7.7%; p = 0.037). On further analysis for predictors of outcome, age at surgery (β = 0.858; 95% CI 0.738–0.997) significantly predicts outcome (β = 1.166; 95% CI 0.931–1.461; p = 0.182), whereas pre-surgical poor IQ showed a trend towards being associated with unfavourable outcome (β = 0.079; 95% CI 0.005–1.287; p = 0.075).
Conclusion Surgery for intractable epilepsy due to isolated lesional TLE has favourable outcome in vast majority (84.8%) of carefully selected patients. Age at surgery predicts outcome in these patients.
Deflating ‘Race’
Authors: MCPHERSON LIONEL K. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT:‘Race’ has long searched for a stable, suitable idea, with no consensus on a master meaning in sight. What I call deflationary pluralism about the existence of race recognizes that various meanings may be true as far as they go but avoids murky disputes over whether there are races in some sense. Once we have rejected the notion that racial essences yield innate cognitive differences, there is little point to arguing over the race idea. In its place, I propose the idea of socioancestry, which jettisons racial thinking yet recognizes the social dynamics of color. For example, Black Americans, many of whom have traceable non-African ancestry, constitute an Africa-identified, socioancestrally black subgroup. ‘Race’ talk is not needed to sustain legitimate color-conscious approaches to social identity and social justice. Long-standing fixation on the race idea has obscured the simple truth that visible continental ancestry is the root of the social reality of color consciousness.
Two Ways to Particularize a Property
Authors: GARCIA ROBERT K. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT:Trope theory is an increasingly prominent contender in contemporary debates about the existence and nature of properties. But it suffers from ambiguity concerning the nature of a trope. Disambiguation reveals two fundamentally different concepts of a trope: modifier tropes and module tropes. These types of tropes are unequally suited for metaphysical work. Modifier tropes have advantages concerning powers, relations, and fundamental determinables, whereas module tropes have advantages concerning perception, causation, character-grounding, and the ontology of substance. Thus, the choice between modifier tropes and module tropes is significant and divides the advantages of trope theorysimpliciter. In addition, each resulting trope theory is unstable: modifier trope theory threatens to collapse into realism, and module trope theory threatens to collapse into austere nominalism. This invites reflection on the stability of trope theory in general.
Exact Analytical Hyperbolic Temperature Profile in a Three-Dimensional Media Under Pulse Surface Heat Flux
Authors: Talaee M. R. , Sarafrazi V. , Bakhshandeh S. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn this paper three-dimensional hyperbolic heat conduction equation in a cubic media with rectangular cross-section under a pulsed heat flux on the upper side has been solved analytically using the method of separation of variables and the Duhamel integral. The closed form solution of both Fourier and non-Fourier profiles are introduced with both modes of steady and pulsed fluxes. The results show the considerable difference between the Fourier and Non-Fourier temperature profiles. Then the answer procedure is used for modeling of interaction of a cubical tissue under a short laser pulse heating. The effects of pulse duration and laser intensity are studied analytically. Furthermore the results can be applied as a verification branch for other numerical solutions or laser treatments of biological tissues.
Speaker-specific processing and local context information: The case of speaking rate
Authors: REINISCH EVA 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTTo deal with variation in the speech signal, listeners rely on local context, such as speaking rate in a carrier sentence directly preceding a target, as well as more global properties of the speech signal, such as speaker-specific pronunciation variants. The present study addressed whether, despite its variability even within one speaker, habitual speaking rate can be tracked as a speaker-specific property and how such speaker-specific tracking of habitual rate would interact with effects of local-rate normalization. In two experiments, listeners were exposed to a 2-min dialogue between a fast and a slow speaker. At test, listeners categorized minimal word pair continua differing in the German /a/–/a:/ duration contrast spoken by the same two speakers. The results showed that listeners responded with /a:/ more often for the fast speaker but only when words were presented in isolation and not when presented with additional local-rate information. That is, despite the general assumption that duration cues and speaking rate are too variable to be used in a speaker-specific fashion, tracking habitual speaking rate may help speech perception. The results are discussed in relation to a belief-updating model of perceptual adaptation and exemplar models.
LXII. Observations on the Wardrobe Account for the Year 1483; wherein are contained the Deliveries made for the Coronation of King Richard the Third, and some other Particulars relative to the History of that Monarch: by the Reverend Doctor Milles, Dean of Exeter, President of the Society
Authors: Milles  
Published: December 2015

It is a misfortune generally attendant on the earlier periods of History, that they want those original and authentic records which are necessary to transmit facts and characters of men in a just and impartial light to posterity.This is supposed to have been the case with respect to king Richard III; for although the contemporary historians of our own and other kingdoms have charged him with a complication of the most atrocious crimes; yet Mr. Buck, fired with a zeal for the house of York, and for the honour of that king, (in whose service his ancestor, Sir John Buck, fought in Bosworth Field, and afterwards lost his head for it at Leicester), has professedly undertaken to apologize for Richard's character, and, where he could not exculpate him, has taken uncommon pains to extenuate his guilt.
XXXVII. Some Observations on an antique Marble of the Earl of Pembroke
Authors: S. P.  
Published: December 2015

At Lord Pembroke's seat at Wilton, there is a very antient altar of Bacchus, of more consequence than vulgarly imagined. The inscription, which ends in a circle round it (for so Mr. Cowdry describes it, p. 116.) runs thus:This marble and inscription are unquestionably very old, as I judge both from the form of the letters, and there being no appearance of the four last invented letters of the Greek Alphabet.
TAXONOMY OF MEDICAL DEVICES IN THE LOGIC OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT
Authors: Henschke Cornelia , Panteli Dimitra , Perleth Matthias , Busse Reinhard 
Published: December 2015

Objectives: The suitability of general HTA methodology for medical devices is gaining interest as a topic of scientific discourse. Given the broad range of medical devices, there might be differences between groups of devices that impact both the necessity and the methods of their assessment. Our aim is to develop a taxonomy that provides researchers and policy makers with an orientation tool on how to approach the assessment of different types of medical devices.Methods: Several classifications for medical devices based on varying rationales for different regulatory and reporting purposes were analyzed in detail to develop a comprehensive taxonomic model.Results: The taxonomy is based on relevant aspects of existing classification schemes incorporating elements of risk and functionality. Its 9 × 6 matrix distinguishes between the diagnostic or therapeutic nature of devices and considers whether the medical device is directly used by patients, constitutes part of a specific procedure, or can be used for a variety of procedures. We considered the relevance of different device categories in regard to HTA to be considerably variable, ranging from high to low.Conclusions: Existing medical device classifications cannot be used for HTA as they are based on different underlying logics. The developed taxonomy combines different device classification schemes used for different purposes. It aims at providing decision makers with a tool enabling them to consider device characteristics in detail across more than one dimension. The placement of device groups in the matrix can provide decision support on the necessity of conducting a full HTA.
THE CASE FOR THE AZTEC GOLDSMITH
Authors: King Timothy B. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThere is compelling evidence to believe that some gold ornaments in the South Mexican International Style found outside the Basin of Mexico, or without provenience, were made by goldsmiths in the urban centers of the Aztec empire, rather than by the Mixtec artisans to whom they are commonly attributed. The weight of gold dust and bullion recorded as tribute to the Aztec rulers in theCodex Mendozaand other sources was sufficient to produce 22,000–27,000 small and medium-sized ornaments annually, implying a large number of goldworkers in these urban centers. Ethnohistorical documents indicate that many gold ornaments were given to provincial leaders by Aztec rulers who used gifts of luxury items as an important part of their diplomatic strategies, and political patronage system; many more were exported by means of long-distance trade.
HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY IN THE BASIN OF MEXICO AND THE CENTRAL MEXICAN SYMBIOTIC REGION: DEVELOPMENT, PRESENT STATUS, FUTURE PROSPECTS
Authors: Charlton Thomas H. , Fournier Patricia , Otis Charlton Cynthia L. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe development of the field of historical archaeology in Mexico has made many advances since the inception, in effect, of its practice there in the 1960s. The roots of historical archaeology in the Central Mexican Symbiotic Region (CMSR) in general and in the Basin of Mexico in particular are discussed. Specific case studies illustrating some of the Historical Archaeology that has been done in the CMSR are referenced with particular note of some of the diagnostic materials that have been valuable to the studies. The value of these studies to the record of post-Conquest Mexico is noted as are the prospects for continued research in the area.
INTENSIVE AGRICULTURE AND EARLY COMPLEX SOCIETIES OF THE BASIN OF MEXICO: THE FORMATIVE PERIOD
Authors: Nichols Deborah L. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIntensive agriculture was a key feature in the development of early complex societies in the Basin of Mexico. In this paper, I review the theoretical underpinnings of archaeological understandings of agriculture change, its relationship to culture change, and how these theoretical perspectives have shifted between top-down and bottom up perspectives. Next I examine current knowledge of intensive agriculture within the dynamic context of the Formative or Preclassic period. The paper concludes with a discussion of how our models and theories of the complex interplay between intensive agriculture and political economy to explain the change from village-based societies to states and cities outstrip available data in the basin.
Counting and generating terms in the binary lambda calculus
Authors: GRYGIEL KATARZYNA , LESCANNE PIERRE 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn a paper, entitledBinary lambda calculus and combinatory logic, John Tromp presents a simple way of encoding lambda calculus terms as binary sequences. In what follows, we study the numbers of binary strings of a given size that represent lambda terms and derive results from their generating functions, especially that the number of terms of sizengrows roughly like 1.963447954. . .n. In a second part we use this approach to generate random lambda terms using Boltzmann samplers.
Structural basis for Sfm1 functioning as a protein arginine methyltransferase
Authors: Lv Fengjuan , Zhang Tianlong , Zhou Zhen , Gao Shuaixin , Wong Catherine CL , Zhou Jin-Qiu , Ding Jianping 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSPOUT proteins constitute one class of methyltransferases, which so far are found to exert activity mainly towards RNAs. Previously, yeast Sfm1 was predicted to contain a SPOUT domain but can methylate ribosomal protein S3. Here we report the crystal structure of Sfm1, which comprises of a typical SPOUT domain and a small C-terminal domain. The active site is similar to that of protein arginine methyltransferases but different from that of RNA methyltransferases. In addition, Sfm1 exhibits a negatively charged surface surrounding the active site unsuitable for RNA binding. Our biochemical data show that Sfm1 exists as a monomer and has high activity towards ribosomal protein S3 but no activity towards RNA. It can specifically catalyze the methylation of Arg146 of S3 and the C-terminal domain is critical for substrate binding and activity. These results together provide the structural basis for Sfm1 functioning as a PRMT for ribosomal protein S3.
Protein structural and surface water rearrangement constitute major events in the earliest aggregation stages of tau
Authors: Pavlova Anna , Cheng Chi-Yuan , Kinnebrew Maia , Lew John , Dahlquist Frederick W. , Han Songi 
Published: December 2015

Significance
Amyloid fibril formation is a key process accompanying many neurodegenerative diseases. Oligomers formed in the early stages of aggregation have been thought to play a key role in disease effects, but their studies are challenging. We use site-specific measurements of surface water diffusion, protein segmental dynamics, and interstrand packing to track early tau protein aggregation processes in situ. Our study reveals that tau aggregation is accompanied by a dramatic structural transformation within minutes of initiating aggregation, followed by the formation of partially structured aggregation intermediates and their rearrangement into stable aggregate species with β-sheet signatures and fibrils. Our findings suggest that therapeutic intervention may focus on disrupting the earliest aggregation events occurring in solution.
Discontinuity in the genetic and environmental causes of the intellectual disability spectrum
Authors: Reichenberg Abraham , Cederlöf Martin , McMillan Andrew , Trzaskowski Maciej , Kapra Ori , Fruchter Eyal , Ginat Karen , Davidson Michael , Weiser Mark , Larsson Henrik , Plomin Robert , Lichtenstein Paul 
Published: December 2015

SignificanceIntellectual disability (ID) is present in almost 3% of children and fundamentally characterized by IQ scores below 70. Genetic research has shown that it is among the most heritable traits, and it has been accepted that ID is the extreme low of the normal IQ distribution. However, we show that, while the genetic and environmental factors influencing mild ID (lowest 3% of IQ distribution) are similar to those influencing IQ in the normal range, factors influencing severe ID (lowest 0.5%) differ from those influencing mild ID or IQ scores in the normal range. Therefore, severe ID is a distinct disorder, qualitatively different from the majority of ID, which in turn represents the low extreme of the normal distribution of intelligence.
Rates and drivers of mangrove deforestation in Southeast Asia, 2000–2012
Authors: Richards Daniel R. , Friess Daniel A. 
Published: December 2015

Significance
This study quantifies the proximate drivers (i.e., replacement land uses) of mangrove deforestation across Southeast Asia between 2000 and 2012. Mangrove forests in the region were lost at an average rate of 0.18% per year. Aquaculture was a major pressure on mangrove systems during this period, but its dominance was lower than expected, contrary to popular development narratives. Rice agriculture has been a major driver of mangrove loss in Myanmar, and oil palm expansion is a key but under-recognized threat in Malaysia and Indonesia. The threat of oil palm to mangroves is likely to increase in the future as new frontiers open up in Papua, Indonesia. Future research and policy responses must consider the diversity of drivers of mangrove deforestation.
Ecosystem heterogeneity determines the ecological resilience of the Amazon to climate change
Authors: Levine Naomi M. , Zhang Ke , Longo Marcos , Baccini Alessandro , Phillips Oliver L. , Lewis Simon L. , Alvarez-Dávila Esteban , Segalin de Andrade Ana Cristina , Brienen Roel J. W. , Erwin Terry L. , Feldpausch Ted R. , Monteagudo Mendoza Abel Lorenzo , Nuñez Vargas Percy , Prieto Adriana , Silva-Espejo Javier Eduardo , Malhi Yadvinder , Moorcroft Paul R. 
Published: December 2015

Significance
Understanding how changes in climate will affect terrestrial ecosystems is particularly important in tropical forest regions, which store large amounts of carbon and exert important feedbacks onto regional and global climates. By combining multiple types of observations with a state-of-the-art terrestrial ecosystem model, we demonstrate that the sensitivity of tropical forests to changes in climate is dependent on the length of the dry season and soil type, but also, importantly, on the dynamics of individual-level competition within plant canopies. These interactions result in ecosystems that are more sensitive to changes in climate than has been predicted by traditional models but that transition from one ecosystem type to another in a continuous, non–tipping-point manner.
Thinking from God’s perspective decreases biased valuation of the life of a nonbeliever
Authors: Ginges Jeremy , Sheikh Hammad , Atran Scott , Argo Nichole 
Published: December 2015

SignificanceReligious belief is often seen as a key cause of human conflict because it is said to promote preferential treatment of adherents and to harden group boundaries. Here, we examined a critical aspect of this link in the context of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, a multigenerational violent conflict with significant religious aspects. We find that although Muslim Palestinian participants valued Palestinian over Jewish Israeli lives when making difficult moral choices, they believed that Allah preferred them to make moral decisions that valued the lives of Palestinians and Jewish Israelis more equally. Beliefs about God may promote more equal valuation of human life regardless of religious identity, encouraging application of universal moral rules to believers and nonbelievers alike.