bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Helium and methane sources and fluxes of shallow submarine hydrothermal plumes near the Tokara Islands, Southern Japan
Authors: Wen Hsin-Yi , Sano Yuji , Takahata Naoto , Tomonaga Yama , Ishida Akizumi , Tanaka Kentaro , Kagoshima Takanori , Shirai Kotaro , Ishibashi Jun-ichiro , Yokose Hisayoshi , Tsunogai Urumu , Yang Tsanyao F. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractShallow submarine volcanoes have been newly discovered near the Tokara Islands, which are situated at the volcanic front of the northern Ryukyu Arc in southern Japan. Here, we report for the first time the volatile geochemistry of shallow hydrothermal plumes, which were sampled using a CTD-RMS system after analyzing water column images collected by multi-beam echo sounder surveys. These surveys were performed during the research cruise KS-14-10 of the R/V Shinsei Maru in a region stretching from the Wakamiko Crater to the Tokara Islands. The 3He flux and methane flux in the investigated area are estimated to be (0.99–2.6) × 104 atoms/cm2/sec and 6–60 t/yr, respectively. The methane in the region of the Tokara Islands is a mix between abiotic methane similar to that found in the East Pacific Rise and thermogenic one. Methane at the Wakamiko Crater is of abiotic origin but affected by isotopic fractionation through rapid microbial oxidation. The helium isotopes suggest the presence of subduction-type mantle helium at the Wakamiko Crater, while a larger crustal component is found close to the Tokara Islands. This suggests that the Tokara Islands submarine volcanoes are a key feature of the transition zone between the volcanic front and the spreading back-arc basin.
Leucine zipper-EF-hand containing transmembrane protein 1 (LETM1) forms a Ca2+/H+ antiporter
Authors: Shao Juan , Fu Zhenglin , Ji Yanli , Guan Xiangchen , Guo Shang , Ding Zhanyu , Yang Xue , Cong Yao , Shen Yuequan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractLeucine zipper-EF-hand-containing transmembrane protein1 (LETM1) is located in the mitochondrial inner membrane and is defective in Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome. LETM1 contains only one transmembrane helix, but it behaves as a putative transporter. Our data shows that LETM1 knockdown or overexpression robustly increases or decreases mitochondrial Ca2+ level in HeLa cells, respectively. Also the residue Glu221 of mouse LETM1 is identified to be necessary for Ca2+ flux. The mutation of Glu221 to glutamine abolishes the Ca2+-transport activity of LETM1 in cells. Furthermore, the purified LETM1 exhibits Ca2+/H+ anti-transport activity and the activity is enhanced as the proton gradient is increased. More importantly, electron microscopy studies reveal a hexameric LETM1 with a central cavity and also, observe two different conformational states under alkaline and acidic conditions, respectively. Our results indicate that LETM1 is a Ca2+/H+ antiporter and most likely responsible for mitochondrial Ca2+ output.
Stretchable Materials for Robust Soft Actuators towards Assistive Wearable Devices
Authors: Agarwal Gunjan , Besuchet Nicolas , Audergon Basile , Paik Jamie 
Published: September 2016

AbstractSoft actuators made from elastomeric active materials can find widespread potential implementation in a variety of applications ranging from assistive wearable technologies targeted at biomedical rehabilitation or assistance with activities of daily living, bioinspired and biomimetic systems, to gripping and manipulating fragile objects, and adaptable locomotion. In this manuscript, we propose a novel two-component soft actuator design and design tool that produces actuators targeted towards these applications with enhanced mechanical performance and manufacturability. Our numerical models developed using the finite element method can predict the actuator behavior at large mechanical strains to allow efficient design iterations for system optimization. Based on two distinctive actuator prototypes’ (linear and bending actuators) experimental results that include free displacement and blocked-forces, we have validated the efficacy of the numerical models. The presented extensive investigation of mechanical performance for soft actuators with varying geometric parameters demonstrates the practical application of the design tool, and the robustness of the actuator hardware design, towards diverse soft robotic systems for a wide set of assistive wearable technologies, including replicating the motion of several parts of the human body.
Picture Exchange Communication System and Pals: A Peer-Mediated Augmentative and Alternative Communication Intervention for Minimally Verbal Preschoolers With Autism
Authors: Thiemann-Bourque Kathy , Brady Nancy , McGuff Sara , Stump Keenan , Naylor Amy 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
This study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of a social intervention that integrates peer-mediated approaches and the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS).

Method
Effects were evaluated using a series of A-B designs replicated across 4 children with severe autism and limited verbal skills. Seven peers without disabilities were trained to use PECS and facilitative social skills. Measures of changes included rates of communication behaviors, modes, functions, and engagement.

Results
Outcomes revealed an intervention effect for 1 child with autism, and this effect was replicated across 3 other children. All children improved in peer-directed communication, with greater increases for 2 children during snack time. For each child with autism, the primary communication behavior was to initiate with picture symbols to request; the peer's primary communication was to respond. Two children increased communicative functions to comment and to share, and all 4 children showed improved social engagement. All peers increased their communication with the children with autism.

Conclusions
These findings add to the limited research on the benefits of teaching typically developing peers to be responsive listeners to preschoolers with autism by learning to use PECS. These results invite further investigation of teaching peers other augmentative and alternative communication approaches and how to increase children's communication with peers for different purposes.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14963928
Telling Tales: Personal Event Narratives and Life Stories
Authors: Westby Carol , Culatta Barbara 
Published: September 2016

PurposeSpeech-language pathologists know much more about children's development of fictional narratives than they do about children's development of personal narratives and the role these personal narratives play in academic success, social–emotional development, and self-regulation. The purpose of this tutorial is to provide clinicians with strategies for assessing and developing children's and adolescents' personal narratives.MethodThis tutorial reviews the literature on (a) the development of autobiographical event narratives and life stories, (b) factors that contribute to development of these genres, (c) the importance of these genres for the development of sense of self-identity and self-regulation, (d) deficits in personal narrative genres, and (e) strategies for eliciting and assessing event narratives and life stories.ImplicationsTo promote development of personal event narratives and life stories, speech-language pathologists can help clients retrieve information about interesting events, provide experiences worthy of narrating, and draw upon published narratives to serve as model texts. Clinicians can also address four interrelated processes in intervention: reminiscing, reflecting, making coherent connections, and signaling the plot structure. Furthermore, they can activate metacognitive awareness of how evaluations of experiences, coherence, and plot structure are signaled in well-formed personal event narratives and life stories.
Morphology and function of Neandertal and modern human ear ossicles
Authors: Stoessel Alexander , David Romain , Gunz Philipp , Schmidt Tobias , Spoor Fred , Hublin Jean-Jacques 
Published: September 2016

SignificanceMiddle ear ossicles are critical for audition and rarely preserved in fossils. Based on microcomputed tomography images, our comparative 3D shape analysis of Neandertal ossicles shows striking shape differences between Neandertals and anatomically modern humans (AMHs). However, these morphological differences do not affect the functional properties of the ossicles, potentially indicating consistent aspects of vocal communication in Neandertals and AMHs. Instead, a strong relationship between ossicle morphology and tympanic cavity architecture is found.
Temporally flexible feedback signal to foveal cortex for peripheral object recognition
Authors: Fan Xiaoxu , Wang Lan , Shao Hanyu , Kersten Daniel , He Sheng 
Published: September 2016

Significance
When subjects were asked to discriminate objects in the periphery, foveal visual noise presented at precise time windows following the peripheral object onset disrupted their performance. Further, this effect of foveal noise depends on task demand and stimulus features and primarily occurs for object tasks that involve spatial details. The time window, during which the noise is effective, can be shifted based on the amount of preprocessing of the peripheral objects, revealing the operation of temporally flexible feedback processing in the foveal cortex for peripheral object recognition.
Little evidence for enhanced phenotypic evolution in early teleosts relative to their living fossil sister group
Authors: Clarke John T. , Lloyd Graeme T. , Friedman Matt 
Published: September 2016

SignificanceThe success of teleost fishes, which represent roughly half of all vertebrate species, has attracted attention since Darwin. Numerous scenarios invoke elevated diversification in teleosts facilitated by supposed key innovations, yet claims of teleost exceptionalism are profoundly biased by the evolutionary “snapshot” of living fishes. Analysis of 160 million y (Permian–Early Cretaceous) of evolution in neopterygian fishes reveals that anatomical diversification in Mesozoic teleosts as a whole differed little from their “living fossil” holostean sister group. There is some evidence for evolutionary heterogeneity within teleosts, with early evolving lineages showing the greatest capacity for evolutionary innovation in body shape among Mesozoic neopterygians, whereas members of the modern teleost radiation show higher rates of shape evolution.
Exogenous remodeling of lung resident macrophages protects against infectious consequences of bone marrow-suppressive chemotherapy
Authors: Kamei Akinobu , Gao Geli , Neale Geoffrey , Loh Lip Nam , Vogel Peter , Thomas Paul G. , Tuomanen Elaine I. , Murray Peter J. 
Published: September 2016

Significance
Infectious complications can be lethal in patients with cancer when chemotherapy depletes white blood cells (WBCs) needed to clear microbes. Prevention of infection by vaccination also requires WBCs, and thus has not been effective in saving patients with low WBC counts during chemotherapy. Using a mouse model, we discovered a kind of lung WBC that survives chemotherapy. This cell is found in the lung and can engulf and remove bacteria when activated by a vaccine. This vaccination strategy results in excellent survival in a mouse model of lethal bacterial pneumonia in the setting of chemotherapy. These findings suggest that a protective, chemotherapy-stable lung WBC could be exogenously induced to protect patients with cancer who are at high risk of life-threatening infections.
Grad-seq guides the discovery of ProQ as a major small RNA-binding protein
Authors: Smirnov Alexandre , Förstner Konrad U. , Holmqvist Erik , Otto Andreas , Günster Regina , Becher Dörte , Reinhardt Richard , Vogel Jörg 
Published: September 2016

Significance
Understanding the functions of cellular transcripts based on their sequence is challenging, in particular for noncoding RNAs, which tend to lack easily recognizable motifs. A more functionally relevant criterion is the association of RNAs with cognate RNA-binding proteins. Here, we describe the gradient profiling by sequencing (Grad-seq) approach to draft global RNA landscapes through partitioning all cellular transcripts into diverse coding and noncoding groups based on their shared RNA–protein interactions. Grad-seq has enabled us to define a large class of structured small RNAs that commonly associate with the conserved RNA-binding protein ProQ and appears to constitute a new branch of posttranscriptional control in bacteria. The generic nature of the Grad-seq approach will help to rapidly describe functional RNA landscapes in numerous understudied microbes.
Bathing and Beyond
Authors: Lund Carolyn 
Published: September 2016

Background:
Bathing the newborn infant is controversial, ranging from how and when to give the newborn their first bath, whether to bathe newborns at all in the initial days of life, and how to approach bathing the hospitalized premature and full-term infant in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

Purpose:
To review relevant literature about bathing newborn infants, as well as examine the controversies about bathing NICU patients including the use of daily chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) baths.

Findings:
Despite studies showing that temperature can be maintained when the first bath was at 1 hour after delivery, there are benefits from delaying the bath including improved breastfeeding. Tub or immersion bathing improves temperature, and is less stressful. It is not necessary to bathe infants every day, and premature infants can be bathed as little as every 4 days without an increase in skin colonization. No differences have been reported in skin parameters such as pH, transepidermal water loss, and stratum corneum hydration whether the first and subsequent baths are given using water alone or water and a mild baby cleanser. Concerns about systemic absorption suggests caution about widespread practice of daily CHG bathing in the NICU until it is known whether CHG crosses the blood–brain barrier, particularly in premature infants.

Implications for Practice and Research:
Research regarding bathing practices for NICU patients should be evidence-based whenever possible, such as the benefits of immersion bathing. More evidence about the risks and benefits of daily CHG bathing is needed before this practice is widely disseminated.
Nerve growth factor blockade for the management of osteoarthritis pain: what can we learn from clinical trials and preclinical models?
Authors: Miller Rachel E. , Block Joel A. , Malfait Anne-Marie 
Published: September 2016

Purpose of review
Anti-nerve growth factor (NGF) antibodies hold tremendous potential for the management of osteoarthritis pain, but clinical trials have revealed serious adverse effects that are incompletely understood. This review discusses clinical trial results along with preclinical studies that have assessed NGF blockade in experimental osteoarthritis, in order to provide insight for future studies.

Recent findings
Systematic reviews have revealed that anti-NGF therapy, including tanezumab, is efficacious in improving pain and function, but serious adverse events, including rapidly progressive osteoarthritis and osteonecrosis, resulted in a moratorium on trials that was only recently lifted. Within the past year, preclinical testing has revealed effects of NGF blockade on both pain behaviors and joint structure in experimental models of osteoarthritis. Similar to clinical trial results, these studies in laboratory animals demonstrated analgesic efficacy of NGF blockade. Interestingly, several animal studies have suggested detrimental effects on joint integrity as a result of treatment, particularly when treatment is started early in the disease, when joint damage is mild to moderate.

Summary
NGF blockade continues to represent a promising new approach for the treatment of osteoarthritis pain, but the actual benefits and risks remain to be fully elucidated. Preclinical models may suggest patient populations that could be best served while limiting side-effects, but future work should further investigate the mechanisms of benefits and unwanted side-effects.
Facial Laxity Rating Scale Validation Study
Authors: Leal Silva Hector G. 
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUND
Age, weight change, clinical or surgical procedures, and distinctive characteristics, combine to be perceived as degrees of flaccidity. There is an absence of a validated scale to accurately assess the firmness-laxity spectrum of the face and neck with accepted classification and terminology.

OBJECTIVE
To create a simplified assessment tool to measure the degree of laxity in the face and neck: the Facial Laxity Rating (FLR) scale.

METHODS
The FLR scale evaluates 4 distinctive signs (eyelid folds, nasojugal folds, jowls, and neck profile) in 4 regions: upper face, middle face, lower face, and neck. This study incorporated a focused training component for 7 independent physician blinded photograph scorers. A total of 188 ratings were assessed.

RESULTS
Combined weighted kappa inter-rater agreement was 0.77 (95% CI, 0.76–0.78) for 188 ratings. Mean inter-rater agreement for laxity class was 0.78 (95% CI, 0.77–0.80). Agreement scoring relative to the truth standard was 92.53% (90.31–94.21), averaged for 7 investigators.

CONCLUSION
This study effectively presents the validation of the FLR scale for both inter-rater and agreement relative to the truth standard, demonstrating that the FLR scale may be used as a reliable instrument for quantitative assessment of chronological or treatment related laxity of the face and neck.
Association Between Phase 3 Cardiac Rehabilitation and Clinical Events
Authors: Brawner Clinton A. , Girdano Daniel , Ehrman Jonathan K. , Keteyian Steven J. 
Published: September 2016

PURPOSE:
There is an inverse relationship between phase 2 cardiac rehabilitation (CR) visits and all-cause mortality. Phase 3 CR is a maintenance exercise program for which clinical outcomes are uncertain. This retrospective study describes the association between phase 3 CR participation and clinical events among patients with ischemic heart disease after completion of phase 2 CR.

METHODS:
Patients who completed 12 visits of phase 2 CR as provided by their health insurance were categorized on the basis of their frequency of participation (ie, none, irregular, and regular) in phase 3 CR during the 8 weeks after phase 2 CR. Cox regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between phase 3 CR participation and risk for a composite outcome that included all-cause mortality, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or heart failure hospitalization.

RESULTS:
Among 2039 patients (32% women; age = 59 ± 10 years) who completed phase 2 CR, 101 were regular and 129 were irregular participants of phase 3 CR. Over a median followup of 5.6 years, 556 (27%) patients experienced the outcome. Neither irregular nor regular participation in phase 3 CR was significantly associated with risk for the outcome in unadjusted (P = .671 and P = .396, respectively) or adjusted (P = .737 and P = .890, respectively) analyses.

CONCLUSIONS:
We did not observe an incremental clinical benefit from weekly participation in Phase 3 CR after completion of phase 2 CR among patients with ischemic heart disease. Additional research addressing the dose-response relationship between phase 2 and 3 CR and clinical outcomes is needed.
Gynecologists' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Intentions Toward Human Papillomavirus Vaccination in Serbia
Authors: Stamenkovic Zeljka , Matejic Bojana , Djikanovic Bosiljka , Zaric Marija 
Published: September 2016

Objectives
The aims of this study were to estimate the level of knowledge, attitudes, and intentions about human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and HPV vaccine among gynecologists and to explore predictors of gynecologists' intention to recommend the HPV vaccine.

Method
This research was conducted between April and June 2014 among all gynecologists working at women’s health departments in all primary health centers in Belgrade, the capital of Serbia, using a specially designed questionnaire.

Results
The response rate was 88.2%. The knowledge of gynecologists was estimated as average. The most frequently reported obstacles to HPV vaccination was the financial concern (59.8%). More than two thirds of the gynecologists were willing to recommend the vaccine (68.4%). The factors associated with the gynecologists’ intention to recommend the vaccine included their positive attitudes toward boys’ vaccination (odds ratio [OR], 8.96; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.85–28.16), negative attitudes toward frequent changes the recommendations (OR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.10–0.93), and beliefs that the vaccine application would decrease condom usage (OR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.06–0.68).

Conclusions
The findings provide an important insight into the current point of view of the gynecologists, which confirms that the better the knowledge of HPV and vaccine, the higher the likelihood of recommending it.
Elective oocyte cryopreservation for deferred childbearing
Authors: Goldman Kara N. , Grifo Jamie A. 
Published: September 2016

Purpose of review
Elective oocyte cryopreservation for deferred childbearing has gained popularity worldwide, commensurate with increased knowledge regarding age-related fertility decline. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent data regarding trends in delayed childbearing, review recent findings surrounding age-related fertility decline, acknowledge significant gaps in knowledge among patients and providers regarding fertility decline and review outcomes following elective oocyte cryopreservation.

Recent findings
Despite an inevitable decline in fertility and increase in miscarriage with increasing female age, there is a growing worldwide trend to delay childbearing. Patients and providers alike demonstrate large gaps in knowledge surrounding age-related fertility decline. Oocyte cryopreservation is clinically approved for medically indicated fertility preservation, but a growing number of women are using oocyte cryopreservation to defer childbearing and maintain reproductive autonomy. Mounting data support the efficacy and safety of oocyte cryopreservation when used to electively defer childbearing, with recent studies demonstrating rates of euploidy, implantation and live birth rates equivalent to in-vitro fertilization (IVF) with fresh oocytes.

Summary
Oocyte cryopreservation provides women with an option to defer childbearing and maintain reproductive autonomy, with IVF success rates on par with fresh IVF. However, it is critical that patients understand the limitations of oocyte cryopreservation. Greater education regarding age-related fertility decline should be geared toward patients and providers to prevent unintended childlessness.