bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stochastic losses of fire‐dependent endemic herbs revealed by a 65‐year chronosequence of dispersal‐limited woody plant encroachment
Authors: Brewer John Stephen 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe factors responsible for maintaining diverse groundcover plant communities of high conservation value in frequently burned wet pine savannas are poorly understood. While most management involves manipulating extrinsic factors important in maintaining species diversity (e.g., fire regimes), most ecological theory (e.g., niche theory and neutral theory) examines how traits exhibited by the species promote species coexistence. Furthermore, although many ecologists focus on processes that maintain local species diversity, conservation biologists have argued that other indices (e.g., phylogenetic diversity) are better for evaluating assemblages in terms of their conservation value. I used a null model that employed beta‐diversity calculations based on Raup–Crick distances to test for deterministic herbaceous species losses associated with a 65‐year chronosequence of woody species encroachment within each of three localities. I quantified conservation value of assemblages by measuring taxonomic distinctness, endemism, and floristic quality of plots with and without woody encroachment. Reductions in herb species richness per plot attributable to woody encroachment were largely stochastic, as indicated by a lack of change in the mean or variance in beta‐diversity caused by woody encroachment in the savannas studied here. Taxonomic distinctness, endemism, and floristic quality (when summed across all species) were all greater in areas that had not experienced woody encroachment. However, when corrected for local species richness, only average endemism and floristic quality of assemblages inclusive of herbs and woody plants were greater in areas that had not experienced woody encroachment, due to the more restricted ranges and habitat requirements of herbs. Results suggest that frequent fires maintain diverse assemblages of fire‐dependent herb species endemic to the region. The stochastic loss of plant species, irrespective of their taxonomic distinctness, to woody encroachment suggests that the relevance of niche partitioning or phylogenetic diversity to the management of biodiversity in wet pine savannas is minimal.
Expectancies mediate the relationship between perceived injustice and return to work following whiplash injury: A 1‐year prospective study
Authors: Carriere J.S. , Thibault P. , Adams H. , Milioto M. , Ditto B. , Sullivan M.J.L. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundEmerging evidence suggests that perceived injustice is a risk factor for work disability in individuals with whiplash injury. At present, however, little is known about the processes by which perceived injustice impacts on return to work. The purpose of this study was to examine whether expectancies mediated the relationship between perceived injustice and return to work in patients with whiplash injury.MethodOne hundred and fifty‐two individuals (81 men, 71 women) with a primary diagnosis of whiplash injury completed self‐report measures of pain intensity, perceived injustice and return‐to‐work expectancies following admission to a rehabilitation programme. Work status was assessed 1 year after discharge.ResultsConsistent with previous research, high scores on a measure of perceived injustice were associated with prolonged work disability. Results indicated that high perceptions of injustice were associated with low return‐to‐work expectancies. Causal mediation analyses revealed that expectancies fully mediated the relationship between perceived injustice and return to work.ConclusionThe findings suggest that intervention techniques designed to target expectancies could improve return‐to‐work outcomes in patients with whiplash injury. Discussion addresses the processes by which expectancies might impact on return‐to‐work outcomes and the manner in which negative return‐to‐work expectancies might be modified through intervention.SignificanceThe study confirms that expectancies are the mechanism through which perceived injustice impacts return to work following whiplash injury. The findings suggest that interventions designed to specifically target return‐to‐work expectancies might improve rehabilitation outcomes in patients with whiplash injury.
Pain in knee osteoarthritis is associated with variation in the neurokinin 1/substance P receptor (TACR1) gene
Authors: Warner S.C. , Walsh D.A. , Laslett L.L. , Maciewicz R.A. , Soni A. , Hart D.J. , Zhang W. , Muir K.R. , Dennison E.M. , Leaverton P. , Rampersaud E. , Cooper C. , Spector T.D. , Cicuttini F.M. , Arden N.K. , Jones G. , Doherty M. , Valdes A.M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundSubstance P (SP) is a pain‐ and inflammation‐related neuropeptide which preferentially binds to the neurokinin receptor 1 (NK1). SP and NK1 receptors have been implicated in joint pain, inflammation and damage in animal models and human studies of osteoarthritis (OA). The aim of this study was to test if genetic variation at the neurokinin 1 receptor gene (TACR1) is associated with pain in individuals with radiographic knee OA.MethodsParticipants from the Genetics of OA and Lifestyle study were used for the discovery group (n = 1615). Genotype data for six SNPs selected to cover most variation in the TACR1 gene were used to test for an association with symptomatic OA. Replication analysis was performed using data from the Chingford 1000 Women Study, Hertfordshire Cohort Study, Tasmanian Older Adult Cohort Study and the Clearwater OA Study. In total, n = 1715 symptomatic OA and n = 735 asymptomatic OA individuals were analysed.ResultsOut of six SNPs tested in the TACR1 gene, one (rs11688000) showed a nominally significant association with a decreased risk of symptomatic OA in the discovery cohort. This was then replicated in four additional cohorts. After adjusting for age, gender, body mass index and radiographic severity, the G (minor) allele at rs11688000 was associated with a decreased risk of symptomatic OA compared to asymptomatic OA cases (p = 9.90 × 10−4, OR = 0.79 95% 0.68–0.90 after meta‐analysis).ConclusionsThis study supports a contribution from the TACR1 gene in human OA pain, supporting further investigation of this gene's function in OA.SignificanceThis study contributes to the knowledge of the genetics of painful osteoarthritis, a condition which affects millions of individuals worldwide. Specifically, a contribution from the TACR1 gene to modulating pain sensitivity in osteoarthritis is suggested.
Technical Progress and the Prospect of Low‐Rank Coal Pyrolysis in China
Authors: Xue Fengfeng , Li Dong , Guo Yuting , Liu Xu , Zhang Xiangping , Zhou Qiucheng , Ma Baoqi 
Published: May 2017

AbstractChina possesses an amazing variety of low‐rank coal (LRC) resources. The developed strategies for the large‐scale use of coal resources in China suggest that achieving the grading effective conversion and utilization of LRC by mid–low‐temperature coal‐pyrolysis technologies can maximize LRC resources. On the basis of investigations on and the analysis of coal‐pyrolysis technologies, a comprehensive overview of the LRC pyrolysis technologies in recent years is described in this review. The technologies include square‐retort pyrolysis technology, upgraded square‐retort pyrolysis technology, solid‐heat‐carrier pyrolysis technology, belt‐type‐furnace pyrolysis technology, and rotary‐kiln pyrolysis technology. Focusing on the technical characteristics with analysis and comparison of different LRC pyrolysis technologies, we summarize the main problems in the development of pyrolysis processes, namely, dust separation of coal tar, wastewater treatment, and incomplete pyrolysis reaction mechanisms. Moreover, suitable methods for the rational and efficient utilization of LRC resources are discussed to achieve the sustainable development of pyrolysis technologies based on optimizing pyrolysis reactors and developing deep‐processing multigeneration technologies.
Seasonality of odonate-mediated methylmercury flux from permanent and semipermanent ponds and potential risk to red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus)
Authors: Williams Edward B. , Chumchal Matthew M. , Drenner Ray W. , Kennedy James H. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Methylmercury (MeHg) is an aquatic contaminant that can be transferred to terrestrial predators by emergent aquatic insects such as odonates (damselflies and dragonflies). We assessed the effects of month and pond permanence on odonate-mediated MeHg flux (calculated as emergent odonate biomass × MeHg concentration) in 10 experimental ponds and the potential risk to nestling red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) posed by consuming MeHg-contaminated odonates. Emergent odonates were collected weekly from permanent ponds with bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus; n = 5) and semipermanent ponds without fish (n = 5) over an 8-mo period (January–August 2015). The MeHg flux from damselflies, aeshnid dragonflies, and libellulid dragonflies began in March and peaked in April, May, and June, respectively, and then declined throughout the rest of the summer. Odonate-mediated MeHg flux from semipermanent ponds without fish was greater than that from permanent ponds with fish. Nesting of red-winged blackbirds overlapped with peak odonate emergence and odonate-mediated MeHg flux. Because their diet can be dominated by damselflies and dragonflies, we tested the hypothesis that MeHg-contaminated odonates may pose a health risk to nestling red-winged blackbirds. Concentrations of MeHg in odonates exceeded wildlife values (the minimum odonate MeHg concentrations causing physiologically significant doses in consumers) for nestlings, suggesting that MeHg-contaminated odonates can pose a health risk to nestling red-winged blackbirds. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2833–2837. © 2017 SETAC
First report on free and covalently bound microcystins in fish and bivalves from Vietnam: Assessment of risks to humans
Authors: Pham Thanh-Luu , Shimizu Kazuya , Dao Thanh-Son , Motoo Utsumi 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

The free and covalently bound microcystins (MCs) in 3 fish and 2 bivalves from the Dau Tieng Reservoir in Vietnam were investigated for the first time in the present study. The results showed that all species were contaminated with MCs. Our findings indicate that eating the muscle of fish from the Dau Tieng Reservoir is safe but that eating the bivalves is not safe during toxic cyanobacterial bloom episodes. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2953–2957. © 2017 SETAC
Imaging sonographic findings of in a case of proliferating trichilemmal tumor of a finger: A case report
Authors: Kwon Ki Eon , Kim Seon‐Jeong , Kim Joo Hak , Jung Yoon Yang , Park Noh Hyuck , Park Ji Yeon , Kang Kyung A , Baek Soo Heui 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTProliferating trichilemmal tumor (PTT) is a rare tumor that originates from the outer root sheath of a hair follicle. About 90% of PTTs occur on the scalp. The sonographic findings of PTT in the subungual region have not been reported previously. In our case, sonography showed a heterogeneous mass containing echogenic foci with no detectable intratumoral vascularity. These echogenic foci probably represent keratin and cholesterol. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 46:215–217, 2018
Real‐time MRI guidance of cardiac interventions
Authors: Campbell‐Washburn Adrienne E. , Tavallaei Mohammad A. , Pop Mihaela , Grant Elena K. , Chubb Henry , Rhode Kawal , Wright Graham A. 
Published: May 2017

Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is appealing to guide complex cardiac procedures because it is ionizing radiation‐free and offers flexible soft‐tissue contrast. Interventional cardiac MR promises to improve existing procedures and enable new ones for complex arrhythmias, as well as congenital and structural heart disease. Guiding invasive procedures demands faster image acquisition, reconstruction and analysis, as well as intuitive intraprocedural display of imaging data. Standard cardiac MR techniques such as 3D anatomical imaging, cardiac function and flow, parameter mapping, and late‐gadolinium enhancement can be used to gather valuable clinical data at various procedural stages. Rapid intraprocedural image analysis can extract and highlight critical information about interventional targets and outcomes. In some cases, real‐time interactive imaging is used to provide a continuous stream of images displayed to interventionalists for dynamic device navigation. Alternatively, devices are navigated relative to a roadmap of major cardiac structures generated through fast segmentation and registration. Interventional devices can be visualized and tracked throughout a procedure with specialized imaging methods. In a clinical setting, advanced imaging must be integrated with other clinical tools and patient data. In order to perform these complex procedures, interventional cardiac MR relies on customized equipment, such as interactive imaging environments, in‐room image display, audio communication, hemodynamic monitoring and recording systems, and electroanatomical mapping and ablation systems. Operating in this sophisticated environment requires coordination and planning. This review provides an overview of the imaging technology used in MRI‐guided cardiac interventions. Specifically, this review outlines clinical targets, standard image acquisition and analysis tools, and the integration of these tools into clinical workflow.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy: Stage 5J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;46:935–950.
Exploring the potential for pharmacist prescribing in the management of hypertension in primary care: an Australian survey
Authors: Bajorek Beata , Krass Ines 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe management of hypertension, particularly medicines use, remains suboptimal and pharmacist‐delivered models of care may assist clinicians in this regard.AimThe primary objective of this study was to explore the potential for pharmacists to make treatment recommendations and prescribing decisions for patients with hypertension.MethodAccredited (medicines review) pharmacists working in the primary care setting within the Sydney metropolitan area (NSW, Australia) were recruited. Pharmacists completed a scenario‐based survey that asked them to demonstrate a simulated prescribing function in the management of 6 patient scenarios. The management of the scenarios was assessed from the pharmacists’ perspective (i.e. usefulness of prescribing, confidence in prescribing) and by an expert clinical panel (i.e. clinical appropriateness).ResultsThirty pharmacists (27.4 ± 10.7 years in practice) participated. Most pharmacists indicated that a prescribing function would be useful within their scope of practice and that they would be confident in executing this as an intervention. The expert clinical panel rated the vast majority of recommendations by pharmacists to be appropriate. Ratings for usefulness of, confidence in and appropriateness of the prescribing recommendations were lowest for the 2 scenarios depicting more complex cases; here the level of agreement among the expert panel was also poor (κ ≤ 0.15). Recommendations relating to processes for assessing patients were rated relatively lower, particularly for the complex scenarios.ConclusionAccredited pharmacists have the capacity and potential for a prescribing function to help optimise hypertension management. Simulated prescribing interventions undertaken by accredited pharmacists were assessed as clinically appropriate by medical clinicians.
Phenol metabolism and preservation of fresh in‐hull walnut stored in modified atmosphere packaging
Authors: Wang Jin , Li Pan , Gong Bi , Li Shuying , Ma Huiling 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe effects of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on phenol metabolism and preservation of fresh in‐hull walnuts have been investigated. Fruit was packaged under MAP1 (film thickness, 30 μm), MAP2 (45 μm) and MAP3 (50 μm) and stored at −0.5 to 1.0 °C for up to 60 days.RESULTSFirmness, soluble solid concentration, total phenols, total flavonoids and total antioxidant activity of the green hull were maintained at higher levels under the MAP conditions, whereas decay incidence was lower compared to the control during storage. Green hull of fruit under MAP conditions contained lower polyphenol oxidase activity than the control and the peroxidase activity was at a similar level to the control after 18 days. Phenylalanine ammonialyase activity was enhanced by MAP conditions, with two peaks on days 18 and 36. Until day 60, the peroxide value and acid value of kernel oils under MAP conditions were lower than that of the control.CONCLUSIONThe MAP3 treatment was most effective for maintaining kernel quality. The protective role of MAP conditions on phenolic contents in green hull may contribute to the mitigation of decay and the maintenance of kernel quality. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of heat stress and probiotic supplementation on protein functionality and oxidative stability of ground chicken leg meat during display storage
Authors: Kim Hyun‐Wook , Kim Ji‐Han , Yan Feifei , Cheng Heng‐wei , Brad Kim Yuan H 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe present study aimed to evaluate the effects of heat stress and probiotic supplementation on protein functionality and oxidative stability of ground chicken leg during display storage. Two hundred and forty, 1‐day‐old male chicks (5 birds per pen) were subjected to four treatments in a 2 (thermoneutral condition at 21 °C and cyclic heat stress at 32–21–32 °C for 10 h day–1) × 2 (regular diet with 0 or 0.25 g kg–1 Bacillus subtilis) factorial design. Chickens were harvested at day 46, and pairs of whole legs were collected at 1 day postmortem. The chicken legs were deboned, ground, tray‐packaged with oxygen‐permeable film, and displayed for 3 days.RESULTSHeat stress and probiotic supplementation had no impact on pH, water‐holding capacity, color, protein functionality, lipid lipolysis and lipid/protein oxidation stability (P > 0.05). Display storage increased the pH and lipid oxidation of ground chicken legs (P < 0.05). In addition, protein oxidation occurred during display storage, as determined via an increased carbonyl group (P = 0.0109) and reduced thiol group (P < 0.0001).CONCLUSIONThe results of the present study indicate that chronic heat stress and probiotic supplementation had no practical adverse impact on protein functionality and oxidative stability of ground chicken leg meat. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Modelling Soil Detachment of Different Management Practices in the Red Soil Region of China
Authors: Wang Yi , Cao Longxi , Fan Jianbo , Lu Huizhong , Zhu Yayun , Gu Yalan , Sun Bo , Liang Yin 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSoil erosion from cropland is a primary cause of soil degradation in the hilly red soil region of China. Soil characteristics and the resistance of soil to erosion agents can be improved with appropriate management practices. In this study, hydraulic flume experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of five management practices [manure fertilizer (PM), straw mulch cover (PC), peanut–orange intercropping (PO), peanut–radish rotation (PR) and traditional farrow peanut (PF)] on soil detachment. Based on the results, three conservation management practices (PC, PM and PO) increased the resistance of soil to concentrated flow erosion. The rill erodibility of different treatments was ranked as follows: PC (0·001 s m−1) < PM (0·004 s m−1) < PO (0·007 s m−1) < PF (0·01 s m−1) < PR (0·027 s m−1). The rill erodibility was affected by soil organic content, aggregate stability and bulk density. The soil detachment rate was closely correlated with the flow discharge and slope gradient, and power functions for these two factors were developed to evaluate soil detachment rates. Additionally, the shear stress, stream power and unit stream power were compared when estimating the soil detachment rate. The power functions of stream power and shear stress were equivalent, and both are recommended to predict detachment rates. Local soil conservation can benefit from the results of this study with improved predictions of erosion on croplands in the red soil region of China. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
BODIPY‐Based Porous Organic Polymers: How the Monomeric Methyl Substituents and Isomerization Affect the Porosity and Singlet Oxygen Generation
Authors: Wang De‐Gao , Li Qian , Zhu Yunlong , Tang Hui , Song Min , Kuang Gui‐Chao 
Published: May 2017

Facile Friedel–Crafts coupling reaction prepared porous organic polymers BDP‐POP‐n (n = 1, 3, and 4) are reported. The influences of methyl substituents and single monomer isomerization on corresponding BDP‐POPs' porosity and singlet oxygen generation properties have been investigated. The obtained BDP‐POPs are thoroughly characterized by a combination of techniques such as Fourier transform infrared, solid 13C NMR, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. In addition, these porous polymers' singlet oxygen generation capacities under visible green light (480–510 nm) irradiation are compared. Results show that BDP‐POP‐1, whose pyrrolyl ring bears methyl substituents and the two 4,4‐difluoro‐4‐bora‐3a,4a‐diaza‐s‐indacene (BDP) units are at para‐position of the phenyl ring, possesses the largest Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area and the best singlet oxygen generation ability. Control experiment reveals that the BDP‐POP‐1 shows superiority in generating singlet oxygen than that of model polymer CMPBDP. It is believed that this work may pave a road to design more effective porous materials for photocatalysis.
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First‐trimester ultrasound screening for trisomy 21 based on maternal age, fetal nuchal translucency, and different methods of ductus venosus assessment
Authors: Wagner Philipp , Sonek Jiri , Klein Jessika , Hoopmann Markus , Abele Harald , Kagan Karl Oliver 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo examine whether combining the dichotomous assessment of the a‐wave and the ductus venosus (DV) pulsatility index for veins (PIV) measurement improves first‐trimester screening performance.MethodsRetrospective study performed at the University Hospital of Tuebingen based on singleton pregnancies that underwent first‐trimester screening including DV flow assessment. In each case, the risk of trisomy 21 was calculated based on maternal age, fetal nuchal translucency, and DV flow either as dichotomous classification of the a‐wave, as measurement of the DV PIV, or both.ResultsThere were 5280 euploid fetuses and 127 fetuses with trisomy 21. The DV a‐wave was reversed in 2.3% and 66.1% in the euploid and trisomy 21 cases, respectively. The DV PIV measurements were above the 95th percentile in 8.3% and 77.2% the euploid and trisomy 21 cases, respectively. For a false positive rate of 3%, the detection rate for trisomy 21 based on maternal age, fetal NT, and DV flow is about 87% irrespective of whether DV is examined as a continuous or dichotomous variable. The combination of both resulted in a small decrease at 3% false positive rate.ConclusionAssessment of the DV a‐wave and the DV PIV result in similar DRs. Combining these two approaches does not appear to improve their individual screening performance. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.