bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of EML4-ALK Variant on Resistance Mechanisms and Clinical Outcomes in ALK-Positive Lung Cancer
Authors: Lin Jessica J. , Zhu Viola W. , Yoda Satoshi , Yeap Beow Y. , Schrock Alexa B. , Dagogo-Jack Ibiayi , Jessop Nicholas A. , Jiang Ginger Y. , Le Long P. , Gowen Kyle , Stephens Philip J. , Ross Jeffrey S. , Ali Siraj M. , Miller Vincent A. , Johnson Melissa L. , Lovly Christine M. , Hata Aaron N. , Gainor Justin F. , Iafrate Anthony J. , Shaw Alice T. , Ou Sai-Hong Ignatius 
Published: January 2018

Purpose Advanced anaplastic lymphoma kinase ( ALK) fusion-positive non–small-cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) are effectively treated with ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). However, clinical outcomes in these patients vary, and the benefit of TKIs is limited as a result of acquired resistance. Emerging data suggest that the ALK fusion variant may affect clinical outcome, but the molecular basis for this association is unknown. Patients and Methods We identified 129 patients with ALK-positive NSCLC with known ALK variants. ALK resistance mutations and clinical outcomes on ALK TKIs were retrospectively evaluated according to ALK variant. A Foundation Medicine data set of 577 patients with ALK-positive NSCLC was also examined. Results The most frequent ALK variants were EML4-ALK variant 1 in 55 patients (43%) and variant 3 in 51 patients (40%). We analyzed 77 tumor biopsy specimens from patients with variants 1 and 3 who had progressed on an ALK TKI. ALK resistance mutations were significantly more common in variant 3 than in variant 1 (57% v 30%; P = .023). In particular, ALK G1202R was more common in variant 3 than in variant 1 (32% v 0%; P < .001). Analysis of the Foundation Medicine database revealed similar associations of variant 3 with ALK resistance mutation and with G1202R ( P = .010 and .015, respectively). Among patients treated with the third-generation ALK TKI lorlatinib, variant 3 was associated with a significantly longer progression-free survival than variant 1 (hazard ratio, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.12 to 0.79; P = .011). Conclusion Specific ALK variants may be associated with the development of ALK resistance mutations, particularly G1202R, and provide a molecular link between variant and clinical outcome. ALK variant thus represents a potentially important factor in the selection of next-generation ALK inhibitors.
Residual Force Enhancement Is Preserved for Conditions of Reduced Contractile Force
Authors: FUKUTANI ATSUKI , HERZOG WALTER 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe isometric muscle force attained after active stretch is greater than that attained in a purely isometric contraction. This property is referred to as residual force enhancement (RFE). Because RFE is thought to be caused by a titin-based passive force, it should be preserved in reduced contractile force states. Therefore, we evaluated the magnitude of RFE in normal and reduced contractile force states.MethodsSkinned fibers of rabbit psoas and soleus (N= 60) were used in all experiments. Reduced contractile force states were induced (i) by using a low Ca2+concentration (N= 30), (ii) by adding 20 mM butanedione monoxime (N= 15), and (iii) by lowering the pH level (N= 15). Force enhancement and reference isometric tests were conducted for each condition. In the force enhancement tests, fibers were actively stretched from an average sarcomere length of 2.4 to 3.0 μm. The isometric force attained 15 s after the end of stretching was used for analysis. In the isometric reference tests, fibers were activated isometrically at an average sarcomere length of 3.0 μm, and the force at steady state was used for analysis. The absolute and relative magnitudes of RFE were calculated.ResultsThe absolute RFE was the same for the normal and reduced contractile force states. Because the isometric reference force was smaller in the reduced contractile force states, the relative RFE was greater in the reduced contractile force than the normal states for all conditions.ConclusionRFE was preserved in the reduced contractile force states.
Mortality, Length of Stay, and Cost of Weekend Admissions
Authors: Ko Stephanie Q. , Strom Jordan B. , Shen Changyu , Yeh Robert W. 
Published: January 2018

BACKGROUNDApparent increase in mortality associated with being admitted to hospital on a weekend compared to weekdays has led to controversial policy changes to weekend staffing in the United Kingdom. Studies in the United States have been inconclusive and diagnosis specific, and whether to implement such changes is subject to ongoing debate.OBJECTIVETo compare mortality, length of stay, and cost between patients admitted on weekdays and weekends.DESIGNRetrospective cohort study.SETTINGNational Inpatient Sample, an administrative claims database of a 20% stratified sample of discharges from all hospitals participating in the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project.PATIENTSAdult patients who were emergently admitted from 2012 to 2014.INTERVENTIONThe primary predictor was whether the admission was on a weekday or weekend.MEASUREMENTThe primary outcome was in‐hospital mortality and secondary outcomes were length of stay and cost.RESULTSWe included 13,505,396 patients in our study. After adjusting for demographics and disease severity, we found a small difference in inpatient mortality rates on weekends versus weekdays (odds ratio [OR] 1.029; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.020‐1.039; P < .001). There was a statistically significant but clinically small decrease in length of stay (2.24%; 95% CI, 2.16‐2.33; P < .001) and cost (1.14%; 95% CI, 1.05‐1.24; P < .001) of weekend admissions. A subgroup analysis of the most common weekend diagnoses showed substantial heterogeneity between diagnoses.CONCLUSIONSDifferences in mortality of weekend admissions may be attributed to underlying differences in patient characteristics and severity of illness and is subject to large between‐diagnoses heterogeneity. Increasing weekend services may not result in desired reduction in inpatient mortality rate.
Antioxidative Responses of Microalgae to Heavy Metals
Authors: Kováčik Jozef 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Microalgae are unicellular free living entities and therefore their responses to excess of heavy metals must be faster and more efficient than those in vascular plants protected by various types of tissues. Up to date, numerous studies reported metal bioaccumulation potential of algae but metabolic responses have relatively rarely been monitored. Here I provide basic overview of quantitative changes of ascorbic acid (AA), reduced glutathione (GSH), phytochelatins (PCs) and selected related enzymes (ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase) in some common microalgae exposed to various metals (cadmium mainly). Despite various culture and exposure conditions, some common signs of metal toxicity (including e.g. enhancement of phytochelatin biosynthesis) are clearly identifiable in algae. Other metal chelators such as organic acids are also briefly mentioned. Comparison with macroalgae, mosses and vascular plants is discussed in terms of basal values and evolutionary similarities.
How the Management May Affect Dispersal of Slender Speedwell (Veronica filiformis Smith) in Meadows and Pastures
Authors: Šerá Božena , Kobes Milan 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Slender speedwell (Veronica filiformis Smith, family Plantaginaceae) is a non-native and invasive species of grassland in the Europe. The aim of the study was to test the ability of the growth and spreading in nine differently managed grasslands (mowing, mulching, grazing). The best survival was found in two-years mowed lots with fertilisation and in all lots with not permanent cattle pasture crops. There were found the highest number of survived plants and plants with big “rosette“ diameters. Number of survived plant for two seasons was 18 and total number of vegetative peaks per plant was 688. The potential for the spreading of such plant population is great. On the other hand, plants did not survived in lots with mulch treatment and in fenced lots with permanent cattle grazing.
Well-posedness, blow-up dynamics and controllability of the classical chemotaxis model
Authors: Okposo Newton , Willie Robert 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
In this paper, we study well-posedness, existence of a lower finite time blow-up bound and variants of controllability of the classical chemotaxis model in

{\Omega\times(0,T)}

, where

{\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^{N}}

,

{N=1,2,3}

. The spatial domain restrictions allow the system with initial data in

{L^{2}(\Omega)}

to admit a solution in

L^{\infty}[0,T;L^{2}(\Omega))\cap L^{2}(0,T;H^{1}(\Omega))

and to have the property that the gradient chemical solutions are uniformly bounded in

{\Omega\times(0,T)}

. A lower finite time blow-up bound of solutions in the norm of

{L^{2}(\Omega)}

is proved using the differential inequality technique. Furthermore, using Carleman estimates and appropriate energy functionals, we show that the model is
null and approximate controllable at any finite time

{T>0}

with a single control in

{L^{2}(\omega\times(0,T))}

acting on the cell-density equation, linearized through a priori uniform boundedness of the chemical drift solutions, where

{\omega\subset\Omega}

is a non-empty open subset of Ω. Lastly, bang-bang-type controls for the problem are constructed.
Dietary specifications reflect the feeding behaviour of the European otter (Lutra lutra) in “Strandzha” Natural Park (Bulgaria)
Authors: Natchev Nikolay , Petkov Zahari , Dashev Georgi , Atanasova Ivanka , Chipev Nesho 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Within the scope of the present study a field survey in the area of “Strandzha” Natural Park in south-east Bulgaria was carried out. The main goal of the investigation was to gain more detailed information on the diet of the European otters (Lutra lutra) that inhabit the park. As indicators for the presence of the mustelids a set of standard procedures, such as footprints tracking and inspecting the terrain for otter spraints were used. A total of 204 excrements were found, measured, documented and then disintegrated in water. The food rests in the faeces were investigated and the diet of the local population was documented. On the base of the results we separated the excrements into six groups and analysed the relations between the contents of the spraints and the characteristics of the habitat where they were found. We discovered a clear tendency toward piscivory in the middle and down streams of the studied rivers in the Natural Park. In the upper streams, otters relied almost exclusively on invertebrates like bivalves and crayfish as food source. The fact, that even suboptimal habitats, which offered invariable menu, were exploited by the otters is an indication for the stability of the local population.
Absorption structure of Rh4+ in doped Bi12TiO20
Authors: Petkova P. , Boubaker K. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The absorption coefficient of Bi12TiO20:Rh single crystals is measured in the spectral region 600-950 nm. The oscillator strength f and the transition moment of the impurity band Q are calculated in the near infrared spectral region. The effective mass of doped single crystal has been determined also.
On type-2 m-topological spaces
Authors: Nazmul Sk. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
In the present paper, we define a notion of an m2-topological space by introducing a count of openness of a multiset (mset in short) and study the properties of m2-subspaces, mgp-maps etc. Decomposition theorems involving m-topologies and m2-topologies are established. The behaviour of the functional image and functional preimage of an m2-topologies, the continuity of the identity mapping and a constant mapping in m2-topologies are also examined.
The Role of Government in Tourism: Linking Competitiveness, Freedom, and Developing Economies
Authors: Kubickova Marketa 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn recent years, governments of developing countries have been much more active in destination management and development than they used to be in the past. However, the challenge many governments face is to determine an appropriate level of involvement. This study investigates the role government plays in tourism competitiveness by applying a panel data analysis to the Central American region. The results reveal that government plays an important role in tourism. The data provide evidence that a new theory may emerge as it pertains to tourism and developing countries. Furthermore, such discovery only reinforces the issue of free riders tourism faces and the role of ‘shadow’ economy in the Central American region.
Towards a Theory of Stakeholders’ Perception of Tourism Impacts
Authors: Luštický Martin , Musil Martin 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis paper summarizes theoretical knowledge related to an issue of assessment of tourism impacts on a tourism destination. This paper pays special attention to stakeholders’ perception of tourism impacts as a popular approach to tourism impacts assessment in recent decades. Its aim is to map the key research focused on classification and assessment of tourism impacts in relation to regional stakeholders, using a summary and comparison of various research approaches over the past decades. The paper uses an integrative literature review of 28 papers published in top-rated journals which can be considered as a relevant sample of the research effort from the beginnings of 1990s. It compares commonly used approaches to the classification and assessment of tourism impacts through a comparative content analysis and points out their common characteristics and differences. The secondary aim is to define research implications as a theoretical and methodical basis for future research aimed at this topic.
Computation of precise geoid model of Auvergne using current UNB Stokes-Helmert’s approach
Authors: Janák Juraj , Vańiček Petr , Foroughi Ismael , Kingdon Robert , Sheng Michael B. , Santos Marcelo C. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to show a present state-of-the-art precise gravimetric geoid determination using the UNB Stokes-Helmert’s technique in a simple schematic way. A detailed description of a practical application of this technique in the Auvergne test area is also provided. In this paper, we discuss the most problematic parts of the solution: correct application of topographic and atmospheric effects including the lateral topographical density variations, downward continuation of gravity anomalies from the Earth surface to the geoid, and the optimal incorporation of the global gravity field into the final geoid model. The final model is tested on 75 GNSS/levelling points supplied with normal Molodenskij heights, which for this investigation are transformed to rigorous orthometric heights. The standard deviation of the computed geoid model is 3.3 cm without applying any artificial improvement which is the same as that of the most accurate quasigeoid.
Long-term development and prediction of climate extremity and heat waves occurrence: Case study for agricultural land
Authors: Vańičková Marta , Stehnová Eva , Středová Hana 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAccording to the IPCC it is possible to predict larger weather extremity associated with more frequent occurrence of heat waves. These waves have an impact not only on the health status of the population, on economic, social and environmental spheres, but also on agricultural landscape and production. The paper deals with the issue of climate extremity and addresses mainly the occurrence of characteristic days (tropical, summer, freezing, ice and arctic) and heat waves. The south-eastern Moravia belongs to the warmest regions of the Czech Republic. Since the area is not urban, it is not affected by urban heat islands. Thus, it can be used as a representative area of climate change in terms of weather extremes. Heat wave occurrence and length analysis was performed for the period of 1931–1960 and 1961–2013. In addition, a prospective analysis was carried out for the period of 2021–2100 where the scenario data of the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute were used. Between 1961 and 1990, heat waves appeared from June to September. The prediction for the next two decades shows that heat waves may appear as early as May. Furthermore, the average count of days in heat waves increased from 6.13 days (1961–1990) to 36 days (2071–2100). A statistically significant increase in the annual number of tropical days (from 9 to 20 days) was found in the assessment of characteristic days for the period 1961–2013. A highly conspicuous trend was found in July and a prominent trend was identified in May. A statistically highly significant trend was also observed in the annual number of summer days.
Testing Instability in Growth Patterns in the Course of Transition: Evidence for Balkan Countries
Authors: Trajkova-Najdovska Nataša , Radukić Snežana 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Stylised facts of GDP growth patterns of developing (or transition) countries reveal huge difference to the GDP pattern observed in developed countries. Namely, they are characterised by a specific characteristic - instability, much higher and different from the ones observed in developed countries. This paper brings forward the assessment of the instability of growth, which is observed and tested in the case of several Balkan economies. In the course of transition, they experienced sudden turns from positive to negative average growth rates (or vice versa) caused by many structural, economic, political and social changes. Hence, the main purpose of the paper is to review the very recent literature on instability in growth and to empirically analyse it in the case of Balkan group of transition economies, performed by use of the simple linear regression analysis on the GDP growth data series. Main goal is to determine whether GDP growth patterns in the course of transition were characterised by instability and breaks. The results suggest that the growth process in Balkan economies cannot be described simply by a single rising trend, since the simple linear regression analysis shows very poor statistical fit. In general, the assessment guides towards an in-depth study of the instability of growth in the course of transition with a novel growth concept that will allow for shifts or breaks in trend, accompanied by a non-linear modelling approach that will allow the parameters to adjust to reflect structural changes in the course of transition.
Environmental Audit for Environmental Improvement and Protection
Authors: Ljubisavljević Snežana , Ljubisavljević Luka , Jovanović Dejan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe main purpose of this paper is to explain the ways in which environmental audit contributes to improving and preserving environmental protection, respecting the concept of sustainable development. The paper uses methods of analysis, synthesis, analogy, and continuity. Specifically, to draw conclusion about the impact of environmental audit on environmental improvement and protection, first of all, relevant and available foreign literature and practice are consulted. Research results show direct link between environmental audit requirements and protection and improvement of polluting enterprises’ environment. Practical applicability of research results consists in giving specific proposals to reduce pollution and improve environmental protection. Furthermore, the most appropriate form of environmental audit report is proposed. Originality and importance of research conducted in this study consist of proposals for introduction, implementation, control, and continuous improvement of environmental protection, through internal and external environmental audit in enterprises of the Republic of Serbia.
The Role of Electronic Business in the Reengeneering and Integration of Business Processes
Authors: Milovanović Slavoljub , Janaćković Tanja , Stanković Jovica 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Electronic business leads to the reengineering of business processes in a company, which encompasses integrating processes through customer relationship management, supply chain management, and an enterprise resource planning system. The aim of the paper is to analyse the impact of electronic business on enterprise transformation through reengineering and integration of business processes. The significance of the research is to emphasise management problems and challenges encountered by companies due to electronic business and application of information technologies. The research applies an analytical method to examine the effects of electronic business on business processes. The main contribution of the research is to look at electronic business as an initiator and the cause of radical changes in business processes characterised as reengineering. By transforming their business practices into electronic business, companies make significant efforts in their restructuring in order to deal with the changes in the competitive environment. The basis of these efforts is a redesign and change of business processes. The conclusion is that introducing the Internet and Web-technologies in business does not require only a radical reengineering of existing basic business processes but also generation of new ones, which would support the new business environment.
CRISPR/Cas9-mediated modification of the extreme C-terminus impairs PDGF-stimulated activity of Duox2
Authors: Tyurin-Kuzmin Pyotr A. , Karagyaur Maxim N. , Rubtsov Yury P. , Dyikanov Daniyar T. , Vasiliev Pyotr A. , Vorotnikov Alexander V. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Duox2 belongs to the large family of NADPH-oxidase enzymes that are implicated in immune response, vasoregulation, hormone synthesis, cell growth and differentiation via the regulated synthesis of H2O2 and reactive oxygen species. We and others have shown that Duox2 and H2O2 are involved in platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) induced migration of fibroblasts. Now, using the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing we demonstrate that the extreme C-terminal region of Duox2 is required for PDGF-stimulated activity of Duox2 and H2O2 production. We generated the fibroblast cells that stably co-express the wild-type or C-terminally modified Duox2 and fluorescent H2O2 probe Hyper. We found that nonsense substitution of the last 23 amino acids in Duox2 results in complete loss of PDGF stimulation of intracellular H2O2 and fibroblast migration, yet these mutations have no effects on the expression of Duox2 and other NADPH-oxidases in cells. These findings illustrate for the first time that the extreme C-terminus of Duox2 is required for the functional activity of the enzyme. Furthermore, the conservative nature of the C-terminus suggests its role for activity in other NADPH-oxidases.
Influence of Moment of Inertia on Dynamic Characteristics of Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motor
Authors: Hongbo Qiu , Wenfei Yu , Cunxiang Yang 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe mechanical performance of permanent magnet brushless DC motor (BLDCM) servo system is affected by the moment of inertia. In order to obtain the load moment of inertia effect on the motor dynamic performance, based on the time stepping finite element method (FEM), a two-dimensional finite element model of the BLDCM is established, and the motor drive circuit is built. The motor running state under different load moment of inertia is simulated. The motor dynamic characteristics and the output performance are studied. The influence of the moment of inertia on the starting characteristics and the load sudden change characteristics is obtained. The influence mechanism of the load moment of inertia on the motor output speed and torque is revealed. Finally, a prototype platform is built to test the motor no-load EMF. The correctness of the model is verified and the correctness of the research is proved indirectly. This research is of great significance to the research of the BLDCM servo control system.