bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contralateral pneumothorax during retroperitoneal laparoscopic donor nephrectomy: A case report
Authors: Matsushita Yuto , Miyake Hideaki , Motoyama Daisuke , Sugiyama Takayuki , Nagata Masao , Otsuka Atsushi , Furuse Hiroshi , Ozono Seiichiro 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis report presents a case of a 46‐year‐old woman in whom contralateral pneumothorax occurred during retroperitoneal laparoscopic donor nephrectomy without any evidence of diaphragmatic injuries. After the start of carbon dioxide‐induced pneumoperitoneum, the patient's end‐tidal carbon dioxide pressure and heart rate suddenly increased. The surgery was then paused, and a chest X‐ray revealed a right pneumothorax accompanied by pneumomediastinum. After a thoracostomy tube was inserted, these symptoms immediately improved. After conversion to an open procedure, the surgery was completed. The thoracostomy tube was removed the next day, and the patient was discharged without any complications. As the pneumothorax occurred on the opposite side to the operative field and there was no evidence of diaphragmatic injury, it is suspected to have been caused by a pneumomediastinum‐induced rupture of the barrier between the mediastinum and pleural space. This may have occurred due to the insufflated carbon dioxide gas passing directly into the mediastinum and then the pleural space.
Cross‐sectional study about impact of parental smoking on rhinitis symptoms in children
Authors: Faraldo‐García A. , Lopez‐Silvarrey A. , Pertega S. , Cruz M.‐J. , Sampedro M. , Sánchez‐Lastres J. , San‐José Gónzalez M.A. , Bamonde L. , Garnelo L. , Pérez‐Castro T. , Valdés‐Cuadrado L. , Gonzalez‐Barcala F.‐J. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectiveAssess the prevalence of rhinitis and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) of children in our community and its relationship with symptoms of rhinitisMethods (design, setting, participants, main outcome measures)Cross‐sectional study using questionnaire on rhinitis of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood, in children (6‐7 years) and adolescents (13‐14 years). Categories: “rhinitis ever”, “recent rhinitis”, “recent rhinoconjunctivitis”, “severe rhinoconjunctivitis”. Parental smoking: (i) neither parent smokes; (ii) only the mother smokes; (iii) only the father smokes; and (iv) both parents smoke. Odds ratio of the prevalence of symptoms of rhinitis according to ETS exposure was calculated using logistic regression.Results10 690 children and 10 730 adolescents. The prevalence of “rhinitis ever” in children: 29.4%, “recent rhinitis” 24%, “recent rhinoconjunctivitis” 11.5% and “severe rhinoconjunctivitis” 0.1%. In adolescents: 46.2%, 34.5%, 16.2% and 0.2%, respectively. Environmental tobacco smoke exposure in the home occurred in 51% of cases. Parental smoking was associated with a higher prevalence of forms of rhinitis in adolescents when only the mother was a smoker. In children when both parents were smokers.ConclusionRhinitis is highly prevalent in our community. Environmental tobacco smoke exposure is still very common. The relationship between ETS and rhinitis symptoms in children of this community is not as robust as that found for asthma.
Comparative effectiveness of chemotherapy vs resection of the primary tumour as the initial treatment in older patients with Stage IV colorectal cancer
Authors: Mehta H. B. , Vargas G. M. , Adhikari D. , Dimou F. , Riall T. S. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAimThe objectives were to determine trends in the use of chemotherapy as the initial treatment and to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of initial chemotherapy vs resection of the primary tumour on survival (intention‐to‐treat analysis) in Stage IV colorectal cancer (CRC).MethodThis cohort study used 2000–2011 data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)–Medicare linked database, including patients ≥ 66 years of age presenting with Stage IV CRC. Cox proportional hazards models and instrumental variable analysis were used to compare the effectiveness of chemotherapy as the initial treatment with resection of the primary tumour as the initial treatment, with 2‐year survival as the end point.ResultsThe use of chemotherapy as the first treatment increased over time, from 26.8% in 2001 to 46.9% in 2009 (P < 0.0001). The traditional Cox model showed that chemotherapy as the initial treatment was associated with a higher risk of mortality [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.35; 95% CI: 1.27–1.44]. When accounting for known and unknown confounders in an instrumental variable analysis, chemotherapy as the initial treatment suggested benefit on 2‐year survival (HR = 0.68; 95% CI: 0.44–1.04); however, the association did not reach statistical significance. The study findings were similar in six subgroup analyses.ConclusionThe use of chemotherapy as the initial therapy for CRC increased substantially from 2001 to 2009. Instrumental variable analysis found that, compared with resection, chemotherapy as the initial treatment offers similar or better 2‐year survival in patients with Stage IV CRC. Given the morbidity and mortality associated with colorectal resection in elderly patients, chemotherapy provides an option to patients who are not good candidates for resection.
Epidemiology, risk factors, and outcome of Clostridium difficile infection in heart and heart‐lung transplant recipients
Authors: Bruminhent Jackrapong , Cawcutt Kelly A. , Thongprayoon Charat , Petterson Tanya M. , Kremers Walter K. , Razonable Raymund R. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundClostridium difficile is a major cause of diarrhea in thoracic organ transplant recipients. We investigated the epidemiology, risk factors, and outcome of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in heart and heart‐lung transplant (HT) recipients.MethodsThis is a retrospective study from 2004 to 2013. CDI was defined by diarrhea and a positive toxigenic C. difficile in stool measured by toxin enzyme immunoassay (2004‐2006) or polymerase chain reaction (2007‐2013). Cox proportional hazards regression was used to model the association of risk factors with time to CDI and survival with CDI following transplantation.ResultsThere were 254 HT recipients, with a median age of 53 years (IQR, 45‐60); 34% were female. During the median follow‐up of 3.1 years (IQR, 1.3‐6.1), 22 (8.7%) patients developed CDI. In multivariable analysis, risk factors for CDI were combined heart‐lung transplant (HR 4.70; 95% CI, 1.30‐17.01 [P=.02]) and retransplantation (HR 7.19; 95% CI, 1.61‐32.12 [P=.01]). Acute cellular rejection was associated with a lower risk of CDI (HR 0.34; 95% CI, 0.11‐0.94 [P=.04]). CDI was found to be an independent risk factor for mortality (HR 7.66; 95% CI, 3.41‐17.21 [P<.0001]).ConclusionsClostridium difficile infection after HT is more common among patients with combined heart‐lung and those undergoing retransplantation. CDI was associated with a higher risk of mortality in HT recipients.
Feasibility of liquid nitrogen cryotherapy after failed radiofrequency ablation for Barrett's esophagus
Authors: Trindade Arvind J. , Inamdar Sumant , Kothari Shivangi , Berkowitz Joshua , McKinley Matthew , Kaul Vivek 
Published: March 2017

Background and AimRadiofrequency ablation (RFA) for dysplastic Barrett's esophagus (BE) is highly effective. RFA failures are infrequent but can be a challenging cohort to manage. There are limited data on the feasibility of liquid nitrogen cryospray ablation for complete eradication of dysplasia (CE‐D) and/or intestinal metaplasia (CE‐IM) after RFA has failed to achieve CE‐IM in patients with dysplastic BE.MethodsThis is a retrospective review from two medical centers of prospectively maintained databases looking at patients that underwent liquid nitrogen cryospray ablation for refractory intestinal metaplasia post failed RFA.ResultsEighteen patients were identified that met inclusion criteria. Eleven patients had persistent dysplasia and IM following RFA and seven had persistent non‐dysplastic IM. More than 80% of patients were male with long‐segment BE (median length 8 cm). Seventy two percent of patients with dysplasia achieved CE‐D after cryotherapy. Fifty percent (9/18) of all RFA failures achieved CE‐IM with cryotherapy. In comparison, RFA has a CE‐IM of 78% in a less challenging treatment naïve cohort from a large‐scale meta‐analysis of 3802 patients. No adverse events occurred in our cohort.ConclusionCryospray ablation is feasible and safe for achieving CE‐D and CE‐IM after RFA failure. The CE‐D rates are high with cryotherapy in this population. CE‐IM with cryotherapy is acceptable in this difficult‐to‐treat cohort when compared to CE‐IM rates with RFA in dysplastic BE treatment naïve patients (50% vs 78%).
Why do curly tail lizards (genus Leiocephalus) curl their tails? An assessment of displays toward conspecifics and predators
Authors: Kircher Bonnie K. , Johnson Michele A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAnimal display behaviors are used to convey specific messages to other animals, including potential mates, rivals, and predators. However, because these different types of interactions can be mediated by a single behavioral display, or conversely, multiple signals can be used to convey one specific message, interpretation of any particular behavioral display can be difficult. Leiocephalus lizards (i.e., curly tails) provide an excellent opportunity to study the use of display behaviors across multiple contexts. Previous research has demonstrated that the use of tail curling in these lizards is associated with predation risk, but less is known regarding the use of this behavior in social interactions with conspecifics. The goal of this study was to determine the extent to which tail curling display behavior is used to mediate both social and predatory interactions in two species, Leiocephalus barahonensis and L. carinatus. We found that in lizards of both species, tail curling was used in interactions with both conspecifics and potential (human) predators. However, tail curl intensity did not differ between lizards involved in social encounters and solitary lizards, although L. barahonensis lizards performed more headbobs during social than non‐social observations. Further, L. carinatus lizards exhibited greater intensity of tail curling upon fleeing from a human predator than during observations in which individuals interacted with conspecifics, and lizards that exhibited tighter tail curls fled from predators for a longer distance. Finally, tail curl intensity was not correlated with headbob displays in either species, suggesting that these two components of display communicate different information. Our results suggest that tail curling displays, while consistently a component of interactions with potential predators, are not a necessary component of social interactions. These data contribute to a more complete understanding of how and why visual signals evolve for use in communication across multiple contexts.
Low light inhibits native fish movement through a vertical‐slot fishway: Implications for engineering design
Authors: Jones M. J. , Baumgartner L. J. , Zampatti B. P. , Beyer K. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractLight intensity within a vertical‐slot fishway was manipulated to determine the effect on fish movement. Three treatments (darkness, low light, artificial light) were tested with natural daylight used as a control. Light intensity varied from 0 to 1,692 lux for the three treatments and from 1 to 4,550 lux for the control. Light intensity outside the fishway ranged from 31 to 80 900 lux. A total of 64 385 fish were collected from six species. The abundance of Australian smelt Retropinna semoni (Webber), unspecked hardyhead Craterocephalus stercusmuscarum fulvus Ivantsoff, Crowley and Allen, bony herring Nematalosa erebi (Günther), carp gudgeon Hypseleotris spp. and Eastern gambusia Gambusia holbrooki (Girard) moving upstream reduced significantly under low‐light conditions. Conversely, movement of macroinvertebrates (freshwater shrimp Macrobrachium australiense Holthuis and freshwater prawn Paratya australiensis Kemp) increased at low‐light intensities. The number of fish moving under artificial light (28 617) was similar to that under natural daylight (33 919). Movements of Australian freshwater fish and macroinvertebrates were found to be influenced by changes in light intensity. Instream structures that alter light conditions, such as road culverts, may thus act as behavioural barriers to fish movement, and this could be mitigated by the provision of natural or artificial light.
Serum markers for mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death are possible predictive indicators for drug‐induced liver injury by direct acting antivirals
Authors: Kakisaka Keisuke , Yoshida Yuichi , Suzuki Yuji , Sato Takuro , Kuroda Hidekatsu , Miyasaka Akio , Takikawa Yasuhiro 
Published: March 2017

AimWe prospectively screened patients treated with direct‐acting antivirals (DAA) in order to detect and analyze serum markers that are present prior to the development of drug‐induced liver injury (DILI).MethodsThe levels of various serum markers among DILI, non‐DILI and control groups were compared. The DILI group consisted of eight patients whose alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels exceeded 32 IU/L during the DAA treatment. Eight patients without DILI were selected for the non‐DILI group via a matched‐group design based on age, sex and disease severity. Additionally, eight healthy volunteers were employed as the controls. Serum measurements of cytokines/chemokines, cytokeratin‐18 fragment (CK‐18F) and super oxidase dismutase‐2 (SOD2) were evaluated on the date at which hepatitis C virus RNA was absent (baseline). For patients with DILI, serum measurements taken before treatment, 1 week before pronounced transaminase elevation (prominence‐1 W) and on the date at which pronounced elevation of transaminase occurred (prominence) were also evaluated.ResultsAll patients treated with DAA had normalized transaminase levels at baseline. In patients with DILI, interferon‐inducible protein‐10 (IP‐10) levels were higher at prominence‐1 W than at baseline. Those patients also had significantly higher levels of SOD2 and CK‐18F at prominence‐1 W than at baseline.ConclusionElevated IP‐10 may be a preconditioning chemokine for DAA‐induced liver injury, and damage markers associated with cell death and mitochondrial dysfunction are potential predictive serum markers for DILI.
Influence of apixaban on commonly used coagulation assays: results from the Belgian national External Quality Assessment Scheme
Authors: Van Blerk M. , Bailleul E. , Chatelain B. , Demulder A. , Devreese K. , Douxfils J. , Jacquemin M. , Jochmans K. , Mullier F. , Wijns W. , China B. , Vernelen K. , Soumali M. R. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryIntroductionThe Belgian national External Quality Assessment Scheme performed a survey to assess the effect of the direct oral anticoagulant apixaban on the coagulation assays prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), fibrinogen and antithrombin as performed with a large number of reagent/instrument combinations.MethodsFour lyophilized plasma samples spiked with apixaban (0, 41, 94 and 225 ng/mL) were sent to the 195 Belgian and Luxembourg clinical laboratories performing coagulation testing.ResultsPT and aPTT were barely influenced at the concentrations tested. At 225 ng/mL apixaban, PT and aPTT clotting times were only 1.15 times longer than at 0 ng/mL. Among PT reagents, RecombiPlasTin 2G® showed a slightly higher sensitivity with 225 ng/mL apixaban prolonging the PT clotting time 1.3‐fold. Among aPTT reagents, there was no appreciable difference in sensitivity.Fibrinogen results were unaffected by the presence of apixaban, but antithrombin activity was considerably overestimated when measured with a FXa‐based assay. At 225 ng/mL apixaban, the median percentage increase in antithrombin level was 31% when measured with the Liquid Antithrombin® reagent and 44% with the Innovance Antithrombin® reagent.ConclusionOur data provide clinical laboratories with useful information on the impact of apixaban on their routine coagulation assays.
Australian mental health consumers and carers expect more health management information from community pharmacy
Authors: Fejzic Jasmina , Knox Kathy , Hattingh Hendrika Laetitia , Mey Amary , McConnell Denise , Wheeler Amanda J 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Objective
To identify the health management information needs of Australian mental health consumers and carers and explore the role of community pharmacy in meeting those needs.

Method
Interviews and focus groups were conducted with a purposive convenience sample of 74 mental health consumers and carers across three Australian states, representing metropolitan, rural and remote settings, including those with culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds. Recruitment and interviews continued until data saturation was reached. Interviews and group discussions were digitally recorded and transcribed verbatim, and data were managed using NVivo® software. A ‘coding framework’ or set of themes was created, and all transcripts were coded accordingly. Thematic analysis was informed by a general inductive approach.

Results
Participants had unmet needs for information from community pharmacy. They expressed the requirement for receiving easy-to-understand, relevant medication information about mental health management from community pharmacy staff, communicated in a respectful way, with clear and comprehensive medication labelling, while respecting consumer privacy.

Conclusion
The information needs of mental health consumers and carers remain largely unmet within Australian community pharmacy. This was particularly evident regarding the provision of information about adverse effects of medicines. The overall perceived lack of information is experienced as disempowering.

Practice implications
Australian community pharmacy is well placed to respond to the unmet demand for information needs of mental health consumers and carers. While many community pharmacies are embracing the principles of patient-centred care, there is an opportunity to optimise the quality of care provided to mental health consumers and carers.
Efficacy of RNA interference knockdown using aerosolized short interfering RNAs bound to nanoparticles in three diverse aphid species
Authors: Thairu M. W. , Skidmore I. H. , Bansal R. , Nováková E. , Hansen T. E. , Li‐Byarlay H. , Wickline S. A. , Hansen A. K. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractRNA interference (RNAi) has emerged as a promising method for validating gene function; however, its utility in nonmodel insects has proven problematic, with delivery methods being one of the main obstacles. This study investigates a novel method of RNAi delivery in aphids, the aerosolization of short interfering RNA (siRNA)–nanoparticle complexes. By using nanoparticles as a siRNA carrier, the likelihood of cellular uptake is increased, when compared to methods previously used in insects. To determine the efficacy of this RNAi delivery system, siRNAs were aerosolized with and without nanoparticles in three aphid species: Acyrthosiphon pisum, Aphis glycines and Schizaphis graminum. The genes targeted for knockdown were carotene dehydrogenase (tor), which is important for pigmentation in Ac. pisum, and branched chain‐amino acid transaminase (bcat), which is essential in the metabolism of branched‐chain amino acids in all three aphid species. Overall, we observed modest gene knockdown of tor in Ac. pisum and moderate gene knockdown of bcat in Ap. glycines along with its associated phenotype. We also determined that the nanoparticle emulsion significantly increased the efficacy of gene knockdown. Overall, these results suggest that the aerosolized siRNA–nanoparticle delivery method is a promising new high‐throughput and non‐invasive RNAi delivery method in some aphid species.
Exchange Traded Funds and Stock Market Volatility
Authors: Xu Liao , Yin Xiangkang 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis study investigates the relationship between the volatility of stock market indexes and the trading volumes of their exchange traded funds (ETFs). Using both ordinary least squares and generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity approaches, we demonstrate that the contemporaneous trading volume of S&P 500 ETFs is a key determinant of S&P 500 volatility at both monthly and daily frequencies. Vector autoregressive estimation on the other hand suggests a two‐way Granger causality between S&P 500 volatility and the trading of S&P 500 ETFs. A replication analysis of other market indexes and the corresponding ETFs tracking these indexes confirms that these findings are robust.
Water‐Soluble I Blood Group Substance in the Secretions of i Adults
Authors: Marsh W. L. , Jensen L. , Decary F. , Colledge K. 
Published: March 2017

Water‐soluble I blood group substance has been found in the saliva and milk of an iadult woman. The serum of the propositus contained iso anti‐I that could be partially inhibited by her own milk. Neither secretion had excessive inhibitory activity against anti‐i.The results suggest that the gene Z, believed to be necessary for red blood cell I antigen development, is not required for synthesis of secretory I substance. The iadult phenotype is thus closely comparable with the Am and Bm phenotypes in which expression of A and B is modified in the red blood cells but not in the secretions.
Genuine Participation in Design Practice: Towards a Possible Metric
Authors: Segalowitz Miri , Chamorro‐Koc Marianella 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWhat is genuine participation in the context of design practice? Genuine participation is often considered the missing element that differentiates a successful participation project from an unsuccessful participation project. But what, exactly, does genuine mean and, more importantly for research purposes, how can the ‘genuineness’ of participation be measured? The present study is a first step to explore a possible metric for genuine participation. To begin, a questionnaire developed from six key topics of focus within participatory design research was created and administered to university design students. The results, analysed by a principal component analysis, yielded statistically reliable, strong, and otherwise clear and coherent patterns. These patterns were then qualitatively interpreted. The results indicated that intrinsic motivation, participation self‐efficacy and positive group affect can serve as reliable metrics for measuring the quality of the participation experience. It is proposed that future research into genuine participation consider the impact of these three variables.