bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic and genotypic analyses of diversity and breeding progress in European triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack)
Authors: Losert Dominik , Maurer Hans Peter , Marulanda José J. , Würschum Tobias 
Published: December 2016

AbstractKnowledge of the extent of phenotypic variability, genetic diversity and the realized breeding progress is central for the optimum design of breeding programmes, but little information is available for triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack). In this study, a collection of 885 diverse European triticale lines was evaluated in multilocation field trials in 2 years. We observed significant genotypic variances and high heritabilities for several agronomic and morphological traits and significant correlations among different traits including grain yield. Based on a subset of the population of 121 varieties registered in Europe between 1983 and 2014, we observed a substantial breeding progress for grain yield with a significant rate of increase of 53 kg/ha or 0.67% per year. All lines were genotyped by a genotyping‐by‐sequencing approach yielding 58 888 polymorphic markers. Our analyses revealed the absence of major population structure but a certain grouping of lines according to their origin. Taken together, our results on triticale germplasm and its breeding history provide important information for breeding programmes and future selection gain in this crop.
Sinus floor elevation procedures to enable implant placement and integration: techniques, biological aspects and clinical outcomes
Authors: Lundgren Stefan , Cricchio Giovanni , Hallman Mats , Jungner Måns , Rasmusson Lars , Sennerby Lars 
Published: December 2016

AbstractImplant treatment in an atrophied edentulous posterior maxilla constitutes a challenge for the therapeutic team. The authors of the present study acknowledge that modern micro‐rough surface implants in lengths of about 8–10 mm or longer and of different brands are similarly successful. Consequently, the authors propose that the use of different sinus floor elevation techniques should be considered when < 8 mm of bone is available below the maxillary sinus. The type of sinus floor elevation technique selected is mainly based on residual vertical bone height, marginal bone width, local intrasinus anatomy and the number of teeth to be replaced, although other factors (such as surgical training and surgical experience) may have an impact. It is proposed that a transcrestal sinus floor elevation approach can be considered as a first‐choice method for single tooth gaps in situations with sufficient width for implant placement and a residual bone height of 5–8 mm, while lateral sinus floor elevation, with or without grafting materials, is indicated when < 5 mm of bone is available and when several teeth are to be replaced. With regard to time of implant placement, a one‐stage procedure is preferred provided that high primary stability can be ensured.
Osseointegration of titanium, titanium alloy and zirconia dental implants: current knowledge and open questions
Authors: Bosshardt Dieter D. , Chappuis Vivianne , Buser Daniel 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBone healing around dental implants follows the pattern and sequence of intramembraneous osteogenesis with formation of woven bone first of all followed later by formation of parallel‐fibered and lamellar bone. Bone apposition onto the implant surface starts earlier in trabecular bone than in compact bone. While the first new bone may be found on the implant surface around 1 week after installation, bone remodeling starts at between 6 and 12 weeks and continues throughout life. Bone remodeling also involves the bone–implant interface, thus transiently exposing portions of the implant surface. Surface modifications creating micro‐rough implant surfaces accelerate the osseointegration process of titanium implants, as demonstrated in numerous animal experiments. Sandblasting followed by acid‐etching may currently be regarded as the gold standard technique to create micro‐rough surfaces. Chemical surface modifications, resulting in higher hydrophilicity, further increase the speed of osseointegration of titanium and titanium‐zirconium implants in both animals and humans. Surface modifications of zirconia and alumina‐toughened zirconia implants also have an influence on the speed of osseointegration, and some implant types reach high bone‐to‐implant contact values in animals. Although often discussed independently of each other, surface characteristics, such as topography and chemistry, are virtually inseparable. Contemporary, well‐documented implant systems with micro‐rough implant surfaces, placed by properly trained and experienced clinicians, demonstrate high long‐term survival rates. Nevertheless, implant failures do occur. A low percentage of implants are diagnosed with peri‐implantitis after 10 years in function. In addition, a low number of implants seem to be lost for primarily reasons other than biofilm‐induced infection. Patient factors, such as medications interfering with the immune system and bone cells, may be an element contributing to continuous bone loss and should therefore be monitored and studied in greater detail.
Modern implant dentistry based on osseointegration: 50 years of progress, current trends and open questions
Authors: Buser Daniel , Sennerby Lars , De Bruyn Hugo 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn the 1960s and 1970s, implant‐supported prostheses based on subperiosteal or blade implants had a poor reputation because of questionable clinical outcomes and lack of scientific documentation. The change to a scientifically sound discipline was initiated by the two scientific pioneers of modern implant dentistry, Professor P. I. Brånemark from the University of Gothenburg in Sweden and Professor André Schroeder from the University of Bern in Switzerland. Together with their teams, and independently of each other, they laid the foundation for the most significant development and paradigm shift in dental medicine. The present volume of Periodontology 2000 celebrates 50 years of osseointegration. It reviews the progress of implant therapy over the past 50 years, including the basics of implant surgery required to achieve osseointegration on a predictable basis and evolving innovations. The development of bone‐augmentation techniques, such as guided bone regeneration and sinus floor elevation, to correct local bone defects at potential implant sites has increased the indications for implant therapy. The paradigm shift to moderately rough implant surfaces resulted in faster and enhanced bone integration and led to improvements in various treatment protocols, such as immediate and early implant placement in postextraction sites, and made various loading protocols possible, including immediate and early implant loading. In the past 15 years, preoperative analysis and presurgical planning improved as a result of the introduction of three‐dimensional imaging techniques. Hereby, cone‐beam computed tomography offers better image quality with reduced radiation exposure, when compared with dental computed tomography. This opened the door for digital planning and surgical modifications. Over the last 50 years this evolution has facilitated tremendous progress in esthetic outcomes with implant‐supported prostheses and improved patient‐centered outcomes. This volume of Periodontology 2000 also discusses the current trends and open questions of implant dentistry, such as the potential of digital implant dentistry in the surgical and prosthetic field, the trend for an increasing average age of implant patients and the related adaptations of treatment protocols, and the second attempt to establish ceramic implants using, this time, zirconia as the implant material. Finally, some of the hottest controversies are discussed, such as recent suggestions on bone integration being a potential foreign‐body reaction and the evidence‐based appraisal of the peri‐implantitis debate.
High and dry? Comparing active dry EEG electrodes to active and passive wet electrodes
Authors: Mathewson Kyle E. , Harrison Tyler J. L. , Kizuk Sayeed A. D. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractDry electrodes are becoming popular for both lab‐based and consumer‐level electrophysiological‐recording technologies because they better afford the ability to move traditional lab‐based research into the real world. It is unclear, however, how dry electrodes compare in data quality to traditional electrodes. The current study compared three EEG electrode types: (a) passive‐wet electrodes with no onboard amplification, (b) actively amplified, wet electrodes with moderate impedance levels, and low impedance levels, and (c) active‐dry electrodes with very high impedance. Participants completed a classic P3 auditory oddball task to elicit characteristic EEG signatures and event‐related potentials (ERPs). Across the three electrode types, we compared single‐trial noise, average ERPs, scalp topographies, ERP noise, and ERP statistical power as a function of number of trials. We extended past work showing active electrodes’ insensitivity to moderate levels of interelectrode impedance when compared to passive electrodes in the same amplifier. Importantly, the new dry electrode system could reliably measure EEG spectra and ERP components comparable to traditional electrode types. As expected, however, dry active electrodes with very high interelectrode impedance exhibited marked increases in single‐trial and average noise levels, which decreased statistical power, requiring more trials to detect significant effects. This power decrease must be considered as a trade‐off with the ease of application and long‐term use. The current results help set constraints on experimental design with novel dry electrodes, and provide important evidence needed to measure brain activity in novel settings and situations.
Demonstrating test‐retest reliability of electrophysiological measures for healthy adults in a multisite study of biomarkers of antidepressant treatment response
Authors: Tenke Craig E. , Kayser Jürgen , Pechtel Pia , Webb Christian A. , Dillon Daniel G. , Goer Franziska , Murray Laura , Deldin Patricia , Kurian Benji T. , McGrath Patrick J. , Parsey Ramin , Trivedi Madhukar , Fava Maurizio , Weissman Myrna M. , McInnis Melvin , Abraham Karen , E. Alvarenga Jorge , Alschuler Daniel M. , Cooper Crystal , Pizzagalli Diego A. , Bruder Gerard E. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractGrowing evidence suggests that loudness dependency of auditory evoked potentials (LDAEP) and resting EEG alpha and theta may be biological markers for predicting response to antidepressants. In spite of this promise, little is known about the joint reliability of these markers, and thus their clinical applicability. New standardized procedures were developed to improve the compatibility of data acquired with different EEG platforms, and used to examine test‐retest reliability for the three electrophysiological measures selected for a multisite project—Establishing Moderators and Biosignatures of Antidepressant Response for Clinical Care (EMBARC). Thirty‐nine healthy controls across four clinical research sites were tested in two sessions separated by about 1 week. Resting EEG (eyes‐open and eyes‐closed conditions) was recorded and LDAEP measured using binaural tones (1000 Hz, 40 ms) at five intensities (60–100 dB SPL). Principal components analysis of current source density waveforms reduced volume conduction and provided reference‐free measures of resting EEG alpha and N1 dipole activity to tones from auditory cortex. Low‐resolution electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) extracted resting theta current density measures corresponding to rostral anterior cingulate (rACC), which has been implicated in treatment response. There were no significant differences in posterior alpha, N1 dipole, or rACC theta across sessions. Test‐retest reliability was .84 for alpha, .87 for N1 dipole, and .70 for theta rACC current density. The demonstration of good‐to‐excellent reliability for these measures provides a template for future EEG/ERP studies from multiple testing sites, and an important step for evaluating them as biomarkers for predicting treatment response.
Data Set Representativeness During Data Collection in Three UK Social Surveys: Generalizability and the Effects of Auxiliary Covariate Choice
Authors: Moore Jamie C. , Durrant Gabriele B. , Smith Peter W. F. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryWe consider the use of representativeness indicators to monitor risks of non-response bias during survey data collection. The analysis benefits from use of a unique data set linking call record paradata from three UK social surveys to census auxiliary attribute information on sample households. We investigate the utility of census information for this purpose and the performance of representativeness indicators (the R-indicator and the coefficient of variation of response propensities) in monitoring representativeness over call records. We also investigate the extent and effects of misspecification of auxiliary covariate sets used in indicator computation and design phase capacity points in call records beyond which survey data set improvements are minimal, and whether such points are generalizable across surveys. Given our findings, we then offer guidance to survey practitioners on the use of such methods and implications for optimizing data collection and efficiency savings.
Maturational and social factors contributing to relative age effects in school sports: Data from the London Youth Games
Authors: Reed K. E. , Parry D. A. , Sandercock G. R. H. 
Published: December 2016

Few studies have investigated whether relative age effects (RAEs) exist in school sport. None have sought to test the competing maturational and social‐agent hypotheses proposed to explain the RAE. We aimed to determine the presence of RAEs in multiple school sports and examine the contribution of maturational and social factors in commonplace school sports. We analyzed birth dates of n=10645 competitors (11‐18 years) in the 2013 London Youth Games annual inter‐school multisport competition and calculated odds ratio (OR) for students competing based on their yearly birth quarter (Q1‐Q4). Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the relative contribution of constituent year (Grade) and relative age in netball and football which used multiyear age groupings. In girls, RAEs were present in the team sports including hockey, netball, rugby union, cricket and volleyball but not football. In boys, RAEs were stronger in common team sports (football, basketball cricket) as well as athletics and rowing. In netball and football teams with players from two constituent years, birth quarter better‐predicted selection than did constituent year. Relatively older players (Q1) from lower constituent years were overrepresented compared with players from Q3 and Q4 of the upper constituent years. RAEs are present in the many sports commonplace in English schools. Selection of relatively older players ahead of chronologically older students born later in the selection year suggests social agents contribute to RAEs in school sports.
Phylogeny of pleasing lacewings (Neuroptera: Dilaridae) with a revised generic classification and description of a new subfamily
Authors: LIU XINGYUE , ASPÖCK HORST , WINTERTON SHAUN L. , ZHANG WEIWEI , ASPÖCK ULRIKE 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe phylogeny of pleasing lacewings (Neuroptera: Dilaridae) is reconstructed for the first time based on morphological data using all fossil and extant genera. Accordingly, a revised generic classification of Dilaridae is proposed, with a new subfamily (i.e. Berothellinae subfam.n.) erected based on its remarkably different morphological features from the other dilarid subfamilies. A revision of all dilarid genera is presented, including descriptions of some little‐known species from Asia and Mid‐Cretaceous Burmese amber. New genera and species herein described include Berothella holzschuhi U. Aspöck, Liu & H. Aspöck, sp.n., Cretodilar burmanus Liu & Zhang, gen. et sp.n., Dilar cretaceus Liu & Zhang, sp.n., Neonallachius orientalis Liu, U. Aspöck & H. Aspöck, sp.n. and Neonallachius thailandicus Liu & Winterton, sp.n. Two new combinations, i.e. Neonallachius krooni (Minter, 1986), comb.n. and Neonallachius ponomarenkoi (Zakharenko, 1991), comb.n., are proposed. Evolutionary patterns of some important characters and the historical biogeography of Dilaridae are also discussed.This published work has been registered in ZooBank, http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:68836312‐FBDC‐4F9F‐8516‐2365F44596BF.
Towards Modeling False Memory With Computational Knowledge Bases
Authors: Li Justin , Kohanyi Emma 
Published: December 2016

AbstractOne challenge to creating realistic cognitive models of memory is the inability to account for the vast common–sense knowledge of human participants. Large computational knowledge bases such as WordNet and DBpedia may offer a solution to this problem but may pose other challenges. This paper explores some of these difficulties through a semantic network spreading activation model of the Deese–Roediger–McDermott false memory task. In three experiments, we show that these knowledge bases only capture a subset of human associations, while irrelevant information introduces noise and makes efficient modeling difficult. We conclude that the contents of these knowledge bases must be augmented and, more important, that the algorithms must be refined and optimized, before large knowledge bases can be widely used for cognitive modeling.
Intravital Imaging of Myeloid Cells: Inflammatory Migration and Resident Patrolling
Authors: Deniset Justin F. , Kubes Paul 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTMyeloid cell recruitment to sites of infection and injury started out as a simple model that has been referred to as the universal concept of leukocyte recruitment. However, as we gain more insight into the different mechanisms, it is becoming clear that each organ and perhaps even each cell has its own unique mechanism of recruitment. Moreover, as the ability to visualize specific cell types in specific organs becomes more accessible, it is also becoming clear that there are resident populations of leukocytes, some within the tissues and others attached to the vasculature of tissues, the latter poised to affect the local environment. In this review, we will first highlight the imaging approaches that have allowed us to gain spectacular insight into locale and function of specific cell types, and then we will discuss what we have learned from this approach as far as myeloid cells are concerned. We will also highlight some of the gaps in our knowledge, which exist almost certainly because of the challenges of being able to visualize certain compartments of the body.
The Immune Interaction between HIV-1 Infection andMycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Du Bruyn Elsa , Wilkinson Robert John 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTThe modulation of tuberculosis (TB)-induced immunopathology caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 coinfection remains incompletely understood but underlies the change seen in the natural history, presentation, and prognosis of TB in such patients. The deleterious combination of these two pathogens has been dubbed a “deadly syndemic,” with each favoring the replication of the other and thereby contributing to accelerated disease morbidity and mortality. HIV-1 is the best-recognized risk factor for the development of active TB and accounts for 13% of cases globally. The advent of combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) has considerably mitigated this risk. Rapid roll-out of ART globally and the recent recommendation by the World Health Organization (WHO) to initiate ART for everyone living with HIV at any CD4 cell count should lead to further reductions in HIV-1-associated TB incidence because susceptibility to TB is inversely proportional to CD4 count. However, it is important to note that even after successful ART, patients with HIV-1 are still at increased risk for TB. Indeed, in settings of high TB incidence, the occurrence of TB often remains the first presentation of, and thereby the entry into, HIV care. As advantageous as ART-induced immune recovery is, it may also give rise to immunopathology, especially in the lower-CD4-count strata in the form of the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. TB-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome will continue to impact the HIV-TB syndemic.
Effect of polarization Coulomb field scattering on low temperature electron mobility in strained AlGaN/AlN/GaN heterostructure field-effect transistors
Authors: Liu Yan , Lin Zhao-Jun , Yang Ming , Luan Chong-Biao , Wang Yu-Tang , Lv Yuan-Jie , Feng Zhi-Hong 
Published: December 2016

The electron mobility of the AlGaN/AlN/GaN heterostructure field-effect transistors (HFETs) with the ratio of the gate length to the drain-to-source distance being less than 1/2 has been studied in the temperature range 100 [Formula: see text] 300 K. The measured electron mobility at each testing temperature is obtained by using the capacitance–voltage (C–V) and current–voltage (I–V) characteristics measured at the corresponding temperature, and the theoretically calculated temperature-dependent electron mobility is determined by Matthiessen’s law, which includes five kinds of important scattering mechanisms. For the prepared sample, the measured electron mobility with respect to the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) density was observed to increase to a peak point first and then decrease at each testing temperature. By comparing the measured electron mobility with the theoretically calculated value, the changing trend of the electron mobility at each testing temperature was found to be mainly determined by polarization Coulomb field (PCF) scattering. Particularly at lower temperature, PCF scattering plays a more significant role in the changing trend of the electron mobility.
Aspirin Use and Reduced Risk of Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Risch Harvey A. , Lu Lingeng , Streicher Samantha A. , Wang Jing , Zhang Wei , Ni Quanxing , Kidd Mark S. , Yu Herbert , Gao Yu-Tang 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Background: Few options besides the avoidance of smoking and obesity are available to prevent pancreatic cancer. The association between aspirin use and risk of pancreatic cancer has been inconsistent across studies.
Methods: We performed a population-based study of 761 case and 794 control subjects frequency matched on sex and age during 2006 to 2011 in Shanghai, China. Participants were asked about episodes of regular use of aspirin, tablets per day or week, and ages that the use started and stopped. Data were analyzed by unconditional logistic regression, with adjustments for age, sex, education, body mass index, years of cigarette smoking, cigarettes smoked per day, Helicobacter pylori CagA seropositivity, ABO blood group, and history of diabetes mellitus. Meta-regression was carried out to summarize the literature.
Results: Ever-regular use of aspirin was associated with lowered risk of pancreatic cancer: OR = 0.54; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.40–0.73; P = 10−4.2. Risk decreased 8% per each cumulative year of use: ORtrend = 0.92; 95% CI, 0.87–0.97; P = 0.0034. Across this and 18 published studies of this association, the OR for ever-regular use decreased with increasingly more recent mid-study year, for any aspirin type (Ptrend = 10−5.1), and for low-dose aspirin (Ptrend = 0.0014).
Conclusions: Regular use of aspirin thus appears to reduce risk of pancreatic cancer by almost half.
Impact: People who take aspirin for prevention of other diseases likely also reduce their risk of pancreatic cancer. Aside from benefits for both cardiovascular disease and certain cancers, long-term aspirin use entails some risks of bleeding complications, which necessitates risk–benefit analysis for individual decisions about use. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(1); 68–74. ©2016 AACR.