bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the sausage magnetohydrodynamic waves in magnetic flux tubes: finite plasma beta and phase mixing
Authors: Ebrahimi Zanyar 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Over the past 20 yr, there has been increasing evidence of the existence of sausage waves in the solar atmosphere. These observations make them useful tools in the context of atmospheric seismology. Here, we study sausage magnetohydrodynamic waves in a magnetic flux tube of non-zero plasma beta with a circular cross-section and a radially inhomogeneous plasma density. Solving numerically the equations of motion for an initial value problem, the spatio-temporal evolution of the velocity perturbations is obtained for different sets of parameters. We show that the ratio of the amplitudes of the longitudinal and radial perturbations is determined by the amount of plasma beta. Additionally, the longitudinal component of the velocity perturbation experiences phase mixing within a layer surrounding the boundary of the flux tube with a rate depending on the amount of plasma beta. The results revealed that in the presence of a non-zero plasma beta, the flux tube exhibits oscillations in both the radial and longitudinal directions, characterized by a combination of two frequencies: one belonging to the slow continuum and the other to the Alfvén continuum. Also, the period of radial oscillation is obtained for different sets of parameters. The dependence of the period of the radial oscillation on the wavenumber confirms the results obtained in previous studies.
CXOU J005245.0−722844: discovery of a Be star/white dwarf binary system in the SMC via a very fast, super-Eddington X-ray outburst event
Authors: Gaudin T M , Coe M J , Kennea J A , Monageng I M , Buckley D A H , Udalski A , Evans P A 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
CXOU J005245.0−722844 is an X-ray source in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) that has long been known as a Be/X-ray binary (BeXRB) star, containing an OBe main-sequence star and a compact object. In this paper, we report on a new very fast X-ray outburst from CXOU J005245.0−722844. X-ray observations taken by Swift constrain the duration of the outburst to less than 16 d and find that the source reached super-Eddington X-ray luminosities during the initial phases of the eruption. The XRT spectrum of CXOU J005245.0−722844 during this outburst reveals a supersoft X-ray source, best fit by an absorbed thermal blackbody model. Optical and ultraviolet follow-up observations from the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE), Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System (ATLAS), and Swift identify a brief $\sim$0.5 mag optical burst coincident with the X-ray outburst that lasted for less than 7 d. Optical photometry additionally identifies the orbital period of the system to be 17.55 d and identifies a shortening of the period to 17.14 d in the years leading up to the outburst. Optical spectroscopy from the Southern African Large Telescope (SALT) confirms that the optical companion is an early-type OBe star. We conclude from our observations that the compact object in this system is a white dwarf (WD), making this the seventh candidate Be/WD X-ray binary. The X-ray outburst is found to be the result of a very-fast, ultraluminous nova similar to the outburst of MAXI J0158−744.
Effectiveness of the First and Second Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Vaccine Dose: A Nationwide Cohort Study From Austria on Hybrid Versus Natural Immunity
Authors: Chalupka Alena , Riedmann Uwe , Richter Lukas , Chakeri Ali , El-Khatib Ziad , Sprenger Martin , Theiler-Schwetz Verena , Trummer Christian , Willeit Peter , Schennach Harald , Benka Bernhard , Werber Dirk , Høeg Tracy Beth , Ioannidis John P A , Pilz Stefan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccinations in previously SARS-CoV-2–infected adults in the general population of Austria during the Delta wave and with extended follow-up.

Methods
In a nationwide retrospective cohort study, we calculated age-, sex-, and nursing home residency–adjusted Cox proportional hazard ratios (HRs) of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) deaths, SARS-CoV-2 infections, and non-COVID-19 deaths from 1 October to 31 December 2021, and secondarily with extended follow-up to 30 June 2022. Relative vaccine effectiveness (rVE) is rVE = (1 – HR) × 100.

Results
Among 494 646 previously infected adults, 169 543 had received 2 vaccine doses, 133 567 had received 1 dose, and 190 275 were unvaccinated at baseline. We recorded 17 COVID-19 deaths (6 vaccinated, 11 unvaccinated) and 8209 SARS-CoV-2 infections. Absolute risk of COVID-19 deaths was 0.003%. rVE estimates for COVID-19 deaths and reinfections exceeded 75% until the end of 2021 but decreased substantially with extended follow-up. The risk of non-COVID-19 death was lower in those vaccinated versus unvaccinated.

Conclusions
First and second SARS-CoV-2 vaccine doses appear effective in the short-term, but with diminishing effectiveness over time. The extremely low COVID-19 mortality, regardless of vaccination, indicates strong protection of previous infection against COVID-19 death. Lower non-COVID-19 mortality in the vaccinated population might suggest a healthy vaccinee bias.
Food Addiction, Dietary Patterns, and Obesity
Authors: Burrows Tracy L. , Whatnall Megan C. , Pursey Kirrilly M. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The food environment has changed dramatically over the last decade, paralleling the rise in the prevalence of obesity, and mental health conditions. The consumption of certain foods, particularly those high in refined carbohydrates, fats, sugar and/or salt, are speculated to trigger an addictive-like response in some individuals over time. Alongside this, foods that are described as highly- or ultra-processed, hyper-palatable, or those engineered to a particular bliss point, often get discussed in association with addictive eating. There is currently a lack of consistency in the evidence to identify whether specific foods, nutrients, or ingredients could trigger an addiction-like response in humans. A synthesis of existing research to date shows preliminary findings that highly processed, hyper-palatable foods with high levels of fat, salt, and sugar are likely to have the highest addictive potential. Given the associations with increased intakes of energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods, it is not surprising that reviews of the food addiction literature have shown associations between individuals with food addiction and increased weight status and mental ill health.
Impulsivity and Food Addiction
Authors: Minhas Meenu , Murphy Cara , Gendy Marie , MacKillop James 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The parallels between overconsumption of hyper-palatable foods (i.e., food high in sugar, salt, and fat) and addictive drugs have given rise to the notion of “food addiction.” As substance use disorders have been robustly associated with measures of impulsivity, this chapter reviews the extent to which analogous relationships are present between food addiction and impulsivity. Since impulsivity is a heterogeneous construct comprising independent but conceptually related facets, the current article examines food addiction in relation to three distinct domains: impulsive personality traits, impulsive choice, and impulsive action. To date, robust associations have been reported between food addiction and impulsive personality traits, particularly with sub-facets reflecting difficulties with emotional regulation and impulsive choice, reflecting overvaluation of smaller immediate rewards over larger delayed rewards, with less consistent findings for impulsive action. On balance, these relationships are substantively similar to those observed with drug addiction, supporting the notion that food addiction is an analogous condition, but for hyperpalatable food. Future priorities include longitudinal examinations and investigating the efficacy of impulsivity-focused interventions to treat food addiction.
Unmothered Untethered
Authors: Roberts Michèle 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This looks at the novella/long short story The Rainy Moon. The first-person narrator–protagonist, Colette, returns to a flat in which she had once lived, while very unhappy, and which is now inhabited by a pair of sisters, one of whom is a typist who will type Colette’s latest work for her. Gradually Colette feels haunted by her own past as she begins to confront the uncanny, disturbing goings-on in the flat. A brilliant work on the uncanny.
Introduction
Authors: Eastman Christine A. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The Introduction provides an overview of the author’s experience in the field of leadership studies and her work with industry students drawing on nineteenth-century American texts. It demonstrates how engagement with these texts can strengthen an understanding of leadership in contemporary human affairs. Students can use literary works to interrogate the critical issues that impact on their organizations. Literature here is presented as a tool for promoting more critically reflective leaders. The chapter outlines the premise of the work: studying the works of great nineteenth-century writers—Washington Irving, Edgar Allan Poe, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Herman Melville, and Willa Cather—will help students make sense of the everlasting conflict between received authority and individual insights, a conflict that lies at the heart of leadership. The thematic guiding thread of the book is the concept of sin, as explored by these nineteenth-century authors. The notion of sin has grown unfashionable and irrelevant in our hyper-connected, secular business world. Yet this chapter argues that close study of the seven deadly sins encourages us to see the disconnect between the ideal standards of leadership conduct and the reality: we need to understand why the seven deadly sins matter more than ever in examining leadership behaviour. Engagement with the classic texts profiled here will help make leaders self-aware, effective, and capable of reflecting on their lives and of enacting change. Literary works have an invigorating and soul-affirming role to play in understanding our work culture and in offering rich and innovative ideas to address leadership challenges.
The Dynamics of Modality
Authors: Mandelkern Matthew 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter brings together evidence that there is something dynamic in the interpretation of epistemic modality. For a simple example, consider how the word ‘must’ is interpreted in ‘Either it’s raining or it must be sunny’, versus how ‘might’ is interpreted in ‘It might be sunny’. In the latter case, ‘might’ seems to mean something like ‘For all we know…’, while in the former case, ‘must’ seems to mean something like ‘We know, given that it’s not raining, that…’ A variety of further phenomena involving incoherence and inference show that epistemic modals are sensitive to their local informational environment. The chapter goes on to explain the standard dynamic semantic account of epistemic modality, and how that theory accounts for these cases.
Group Work with Adults with Substance Use and Co-Occurring Mental Health Disorders
Authors: Bartolomeo Francis 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter describes an approach to group treatment with adults in a psychiatric residential facility. Individuals with co-occurring disorders present numerous practice challenges due to their complex clinical presentations and varied psychosocial needs. The agency context creates additional complications in that the hospital is an open-ended system with patients admitted and discharged daily. The author, therefore, considers each group session as the full life cycle of the group, which necessitates a leadership style that is highly active and directive. The author employs strategies and techniques borrowed from psychodrama to rapidly engage group members, create safety, assess collective and individual readiness for change, and a ritual of closure. Common group themes include ambivalence about treatment, which can be indicative of their respective stage of change, hopelessness, anger and conflict. Last, a means of closure and review is illustrated.
Group Work with Children and Adolescents Exposed to Community Violence and/or Traumatic Loss
Authors: Salloum Alison , White Mia 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Many children exposed to community violence also experience traumatic loss. This chapter presents a model called Grief and Trauma Intervention for Children (GTI). Themes and methods for GTI are grouped within three overlapping areas—resilience and safety, restorative retelling, and reconnection—which are discussed. Specific strategies within these three areas are reviewed along with case examples. Information regarding outreach for participation, exclusion criteria, and the need for leaders to practice trauma-informed self-care is included.
Group Work with Combat Veterans
Authors: Waite Tracey L. , Ellis Julie A. , Boyle Joanne M. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter describes group work for combat veterans, including those who fought in the Vietnam War and military personnel who have been deployed to current conflicts in the Middle East. The authors explain how Veterans’ participation in a group complements and enhances benefits gained from individual therapies. Common themes that emerge in these groups are identified; these include feeling defective and alienated from society; adjusting to new family roles and relationships after deployments; navigating a complex medical treatment system; coping with suicide and suicidality; holding strong political beliefs; and experiencing Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and a Traumatic Brain Injury. The authors describe ways that leaders can help members work collectively to address each of these themes. The chapter concludes by examining the crucial stage of group termination and evaluation.
Group Work to Promote Leadership among Undocumented Immigrant Latinas
Authors: Shields Alexandra Piñeros 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter describes leadership-development strategies to promote autonomy and power among marginalized women. Grounded in a case study of a community-organizing group, this chapter outlines concrete frameworks and techniques that practitioners can use to encourage individuals to “step into their own power” and become agents of change in their own lives. The chapter presents both theoretical frameworks as well as hands-on techniques that practitioners can apply in many different settings. The frameworks and strategies presented include Participatory Action Research and the Question Formulation Technique. The case study used to present the various approaches focuses on a community-organizing nonprofit that works with undocumented Latina immigrants. It provides an overview of the challenges faced by this population, as well as best practices to address those challenges.
Cultivating Essential Capacities for Moral Resilience
Authors: Rushton Cynda Hylton , Kaszniak Alfred W. , Halifax Roshi Joan S. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This book maintains that all people possess innate resilient potential and they can all develop the capacities to recognize moral adversity and suffering in daily life and particularly in clinical settings. If diligently developed, these capacities will support clinicians as they design and practice strategies that protect the integrity at the heart of clinical practice. This is the topic of this chapter. The capacities for protection against moral adversity include knowing fundamental values, cultivating mindful awareness and self-attunement, practicing reflection and insight, developing moral and ethical efficacy, engaging in activities that support self-stewardship, and embracing ongoing, transformational learning. To see clearly and honestly the internal and external factors that contribute to moral suffering is essential to a process of moral repair. Ongoing transformational learning must leverage both individual and collective insight, wisdom, and principled action. Cultivating these capacities is a moral imperative for clinicians of integrity—but it is not enough. Individual strategies must be supported and reinforced by collective strategies undertaken by clinical teams and the organizations in which they practice.
Strategies to Restore Integrity
Authors: Rushton Cynda Hylton 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Restoring integrity involves strategies aimed at heeding the call of conscience, giving voice to moral adversity, and speaking up with clarity and confidence. Responding to the call of conscience requires discernment to determine whether or when to act and the degree of resistance, acquiescence, or protest to engage in if there is persistent disagreement or if one’s own position is not realized. Adopting strategies to respond to moral adversity by leveraging properly bounded moral courage, acknowledging limitations, and connecting to meaning and purpose contribute to clinicians’ abilities to respond to imperiled integrity. Engaging in skills and practices of moral repair based on Reich’s phases of suffering offers clinicians a path of healing to mitigate the consequences of moral adversity and suffering. The phases include voiceless suffering, expressive repair including narrative repair, and liberation.
Explaining Wealth
Authors: Heathershaw John , Prelec Tena , Mayne and Tom 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the failure of a new investigative tool, the unexplained wealth order (UWO), which was introduced in 2018 as a means to crack down on corrupt capital being brought into the UK’s real estate market. It examines two of the first UWO investigations that targeted UK properties owned by officials in Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan. While the Azeri exile Zamira Hajiyeva—wife of jailed banker Jahangir Hajiyev, who had clearly fallen out of political favour in Azerbaijan—lost her property, the Kazakh incumbents Dariga Nazarbayeva and Nurali Aliyev—relatives of the then president of the country, and very much in positions of power—kept theirs. The chapter shows how the incumbency advantage combined with the enabler effect to make the difference.
What Is Lupus?
Authors: Wallace Daniel J. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
About half of lupus is systemic, with the rest being cutaneous, drug induced, or neonatal. Several criteria for systemic lupus have been devised, the latest requiring a positive antinuclear antibody. One can have lupus without fulfilling criteria such as having a positive biopsy or definitive laboratory finding that is overwhelmingly associated with it. Criteria are used for clinical trials and epidemiologic studies. Lupus is managed similarly, whether or not it fulfills established criteria.
The History of Lupus
Authors: Wallace Daniel J. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Lupus was first described 1,000 years ago, but its modern descriptions date back to the 1840s. This was followed by pathologic descriptions and blood testing that suggested the disorder. The discovery of antibodies in 1948 led to the development of anti-inflammatory treatment approaches. The last 25 years have led to new descriptions of the spectrum that we now call lupus.
Why the Aches? Arthritis, Muscles, and Bones
Authors: Wallace Daniel J. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Most lupus patients complain of joint aches, but only a minority demonstrate inflammatory arthritis, and only 10 percent develop deformities. Inflamed synovium can cause pain and swelling in joints, tendons, and bursae. The small joints of the hands and feet are most frequently involved. Muscles aches are also present in most patients with systemic lupus, but inflammatory muscle disease (myositis) is observed in only 15 percent during the course of their disease. To provide optimal management, arthritis, myalgias, and myositis due to lupus must be differentiated from avascular necrosis, fibromyalgia, and the adverse effects of lupus medications.
The Head, Neck, and Sjögren’s Disease
Authors: Wallace Daniel J. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The most common cause of head and neck involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is Sjögren’s syndrome. Eye complaints are often due to medication, especially steroids, but 10 to 15 percent of patients with lupus develop complications from disease activity or the antiphospholipid antibody. Ulcers of the mouth or nose are seen in 20 percent of these patients. Involvement of the ear or larynx is rare. Patients and their physicians must carefully evaluate head and neck complaints, because failure to intervene promptly with autoimmune inflammation of the optic nerve or the ear can result in permanent blindness or deafness.
What about Hormones?
Authors: Wallace Daniel J. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Hormones are substances secreted by an endocrine gland in response to stimulation by the brain. They are capable of modulating immunologic reactions, but the extent to which this is clinically useful is not known except that female hormones tend to promote immune responses, whereas male hormones are more immunosuppressive. Nevertheless, male lupus is often more severe than female lupus. Patients with SLE have an increased incidence of antibodies to glandular tissue and autoantibodies to reproductive organs, but the significance of this is not known. Sexual dysfunction is uncommon except that a few women with SLE have disease-related vaginal dryness, vaginal sores, or arthritic hips.
Is It Really Lupus?
Authors: Wallace Daniel J. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Lupus is often difficult to diagnose. If established criteria are not fulfilled, additional blood tests, bone scanning, or a lupus skin biopsy band test can assist in making the diagnosis. ANA-negative lupus is rare, and a physician confronted with this diagnosis should embark on a workup to exclude other diseases that mimic lupus, such as scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), vasculitis, polymyalgia rheumatica, fibromyalgia, undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD), or Behcet’s syndrome. Low-titer positive ANAs are found in patients with malignancies and infections, which must be ruled out before the diagnosis of lupus becomes established. Most autoimmune disorders have overlapping features with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and must be considered, because their management may substantially differ. Finally, lupus patients are at an increased risk for having concurrent fibromyalgia, which is also managed differently from SLE. Sorting out lupus from fibromyalgia flare-ups presents a major challenge for patients and their healers.
Can a Woman with Lupus Have a Baby?
Authors: Wallace Daniel J. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Lupus patients are normally fertile unless they have very active systemic disease or have received chemotherapy. Lupus pregnancies are successful 67 percent of the time; 13 percent fail due to antiphospholipid antibodies; and up to 30 percent of all deliveries are premature. If frequent competent clinical evaluations, blood testing, and good obstetric care are available, most lupus patients with mild to moderately active disease do quite well. Oral contraceptives should not necessarily be ruled out in family planning. Steroids can be safely used for exacerbations of lupus during pregnancy or for postpartum flares in those who choose to breastfeed.
The Duty of Facilitation
Authors: Fiss Owen 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Because the electoral process is the source of the freedom that democracy generates, the states must facilitate the ability of citizens, as a purely practical matter, to exercise their right to vote. As a 1993 federal statute declared, “the purpose of an election is not to test the fortitude and determination of the voter, but to discern the will of the majority.” The chapter focuses on rules enacted by states for managing the electoral process—those that determine the time, place, and manner of voting—which should ensure that the franchise is extended to all who are ruled.