bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis of neonatal ovarian torsion: Emphasis on prenatal and postnatal sonographic findings
Authors: Kim Hyun Su , Yoo So‐Young , Cha Min Jae , Kim Ji Hye , Jeon Tae Yeon , Kim Wee Kyoung 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTPurposeOur aim was to retrospectively review the imaging findings of patients with neonatal ovarian torsion, emphasizing prenatal and postnatal sonographic findings.MethodsEleven patients who had had neonatal ovarian torsion diagnosed surgically (n = 9) or clinicoradiologically (n = 2) were enrolled. Prenatal and postnatal sonographic features, including sequential postnatal change, were reviewed. Clinical and pathologic features were also investigated.ResultsAll patients except one had a fetal ovarian cyst (mean, 5.3 cm) detected on third‐trimester sonography, either simple (n = 6) or complex (n = 4). In all 11 patients, initial postnatal sonography had revealed a complex cyst (mean, 4.7 cm) with intracystic clot or debris, the double‐wall sign, a fluid–fluid level, and multiple septation. None of the patients had had symptoms or signs related to the ovarian torsion. Follow‐up sonography in seven patients had revealed increased echogenicity of the cyst wall with frequent calcification and a decrease in size of the cyst. In two patients, the interval of the change in cyst position was noted, and autoamputation of the torsed ovary had been surgically confirmed. Serous cystadenoma had been identified in one patient.ConclusionsNeonatal ovarian torsion most commonly manifests as an asymptomatic complex cyst on sonography due to torsion of a fetal ovarian cyst. Serial monitoring of a fetal ovarian cyst for its resolution or changes in its appearance is mandatory for making an early diagnosis of torsion. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 44:290–297, 2016
The path(s) to employee trust in direct supervisor in nascent and established relationships: A fuzzy set analysis
Authors: Frazier M. Lance , Tupper Christina , Fainshmidt Stav 
Published: February 2016

SummaryWhile many of the propositions advanced by Mayer, Davis, and Schoorman's (1995) integrative model of interpersonal trust have been supported empirically, we still know little about how time impacts the relative importance of the model's elements. In addition, there may be situations in which trust can develop with lesser degrees of any of the trustworthiness facets or propensity to trust. Hence, we apply a configurational set‐theoretic perspective to examine what combinations will be sufficient to produce the presence of trust in a direct supervisor across nascent and established relationships. We find three distinct configurations associated with trust in supervisor, which allows us to elaborate theory and provide novel insights to trust research. In particular, we find that in both nascent and established relationships, perceptions of high supervisor ability, benevolence, and integrity constitute a sufficient configuration for high trust in supervisor. In established relationships, however, there were two paths to high trust in supervisor: (i) perceptions of high supervisor ability and integrity, or (ii) perceptions of high supervisor ability and benevolence, accompanied by high propensity to trust. As such, in established relationships, perceptions of high supervisor benevolence and high propensity to trust may be substitutable with perceptions of high supervisor integrity. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of biogas and raw slurries on grass growth and soil microbial indices
Authors: Wentzel Stefanie , Joergensen Rainer Georg 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBiogas slurry is increasingly used as fertilizer. Earlier research was focused on plant growth and soil chemical properties, with only little information available regarding the effects of biogas slurry on soil and root microbial indices. For this reason, a 70 d pot experiment was conducted in which biogas and raw slurries obtained from six biodynamic farms were added to a soil. Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) was cultivated to investigate the effects on plant yield, N uptake (two harvests), soil microbial biomass, soil fungi, and root‐colonizing microorganisms. Biogas slurries increased the mean total above‐ground plant biomass by 66% and raw slurries by 35% in comparison to the control. The mean plant N‐uptake increased under biogas and raw slurry application by 166% and 65%, respectively, compared with the unfertilized pots. The effects of biogas and raw slurry application on soil microbial indices were similar except for the lower fungal biomass after biogas slurry amendment. In contrast to biogas slurries, the raw slurries significantly increased microbial biomass C and N by roughly 25% in comparison to the control. The application of biogas slurries significantly decreased the soil ergosterol content in comparison with raw slurry and control treatment, leading to a significantly lower ergosterol : microbial biomass C ratio. In the roots, biogas and raw slurry application significantly decreased the concentrations of the amino sugars galactosamine and glucosamine by 39 and 27%, respectively, but not that of ergosterol in comparison with the control. This was most likely due to a reduced colonization with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the presence of highly available plant nutrients.
Harvest date effects on aroma compounds in aged Riesling icewines
Authors: Khairallah Ramsey , Reynolds Andrew G , Bowen Amy J 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundRiesling icewine is an important product of the Ontario wine industry. The objective of this study was to characterize concentrations in aroma compounds in aged icewines associated with three harvest dates (H1, H2, H3) using stir bar sorptive extraction–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and to make inferences, where appropriate, with respect to their roles in potential wine quality.ResultsDelaying harvest decreased concentrations of many odorants, but increased many critical odor‐active compounds; e.g. 1‐octen‐3‐ol, ethyl benzoate, ethyl octanoate, cis‐rose oxide, and β‐ionone. H1 wines had higher concentrations of four aldehydes, three alcohols, nine esters, seven terpenes, γ‐nonalactone, p‐vinylguaiacol, β‐damascenone, and 2‐furanmethanol. However, many of these compounds, with some exceptions, have relatively high odor thresholds. Fourteen compounds were above their odor thresholds, including decanal, 1‐octen‐3‐ol, phenylethyl alcohol, four ethyl esters, cis‐rose oxide, linalool, γ‐nonalactone, p‐vinylguaiacol, ethyl cinnamate, β‐damascenone, and 1,1,6‐trimethyl‐1,2‐dihydronaphthalene. H3 wines contained higher concentrations of highly odor‐active compounds, e.g. 1‐octen‐3‐ol, cis‐rose oxide, and β‐ionone. Only phenylethyl alcohol [H3 odor activity value (OAV) = 0.33 (honey, spice, rose)] and linalool [H3 OAV = 0.92 (floral, lavender)] had H3 OAVs < 1.ConclusionsEarly harvest increased many esters and aliphatic compounds, but delayed harvest appeared to substantially increase concentrations of several highly odor‐active compounds. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
In vivo assessment of iron bioavailability from fortified pearl millet based weaning food
Authors: Sihag Manvesh Kumar , Sharma Vivek , Goyal Ankit , Arora Sumit , Kapila Rajeev 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDIron is an essential micronutrient required for normal growth and development of the body. Infants are more vulnerable to develop iron‐deficiency anaemia due to inadequate iron supply in early stages. The objective of the study was in vivo assessment of iron bioavailability from pearl millet based weaning food fortified with iron and vitamin A, and to investigate the role of vitamin A in iron absorption in animal models.RESULTSResults revealed that anaemic group showed significantly (P < 0.05) higher bioavailability than that of normal rat models. Animals fed vitamin A supplemented pearl‐millet diet exhibited comparable results with a sub‐group provided commercially available weaning diet in both normal and anaemic groups, but significantly (P < 0.05) higher values for studied biological indices than that of a sub‐group provided iron fortified pearl‐millet or synthetic diet. When the anaemic rats were provided iron + vitamin A fortified diet, iron bioavailability increased and liver iron stores returned to the normal levels after 30 days, indicating a promoter role of vitamin A in intestinal iron absorption.CONCLUSIONSOverall, bioavailability of electrolytic iron could be improved by supplementation of vitamin A, and this mixture can be considered as a useful fortificant for pearl millet based complementary foods fortification designed to prevent iron deficiency. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Coupled Orientation and Stretching of Chains in Mesoscale Models of Polydisperse Linear Polymers in Startup of Steady Shear Flow Simulations
Authors: Gooneie Ali , Schuschnigg Stephan , Holzer Clemens 
Published: February 2016

Polydisperse linear polymers are studied in startup of steady shear flow simulations using dissipative particle dynamics. The results show that with an increase in polydispersity the stress overshoot declines while the steady‐state stress increases. Various physical characteristics of the systems are studied including frequency of nonbonded interactions, gyration radius data, flow alignment angles, and average bond lengths. The patterns in the data suggest higher forces are necessary to orient and stretch long chain fractions in the flow direction. Relaxation modulus data prove the broad range of relaxation mechanisms in polydisperse systems. Linear viscoelasticity theory is used to quantify the relaxation spectrum. The results indicate an increase in the longest relaxation time in systems with higher polydispersity. The steady‐state shear viscosity results show higher viscosities with an increase in polydispersity at all shear‐rates. The good agreement of the characteristic behaviors of modeled polydisperse polymers with experiments is encouraging for future work.
image
Stimulation latency and comparison of cycling regimens in women using sacral neuromodulation
Authors: Cadish Lauren A. , Osann Kathryn E. , Noblett Karen L. 
Published: February 2016

AimsIn this two‐part study, we sought to define how long sacral neuromodulation users with overactive bladder should trial a new setting before attributing symptoms to that setting. Subsequently, we evaluated patient preferences of variable stimulation regimens.MethodsIn the initial phase of this prospective pilot study, participants' devices were turned off and later reactivated; time to symptom recurrence and resolution were recorded. In phase two, participants trialed four settings in a masked fashion with random order. After unmasking, participants chose their preferred setting and were followed 1 year.ResultsTwelve subjects completed phase one. With the device off, the mean time to symptom recurrence was 11.25 days. Mean time to symptom regression following reactivation was 6.42 days. Combined, the 90th percentile was 15 days for symptoms to reflect the device's new setting. Among 23 women completing part two, the most popular setting at the time of unmasking was a 1‐hr on, 2‐hr off cycled setting chosen by 7 (30%) participants. According to published estimates of battery longevity, 14 (61%) participants chose a more energy‐conserving setting at the time of unmasking. The mean difference in estimated battery longevity between the chosen and baseline regimens was 14.5 months. These gains diminished in the following year with clinical changes in device settings by patients and providers.ConclusionsSacral neuromodulation patients should allow a 2‐week trial before attributing symptoms to a new setting. With additional information, many opt for energy‐conserving settings. A 1‐hr on, 2‐hr off regimen warrants further study. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:486–489, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Treatment of fecal retention is important in the management of overactive bladder in children
Authors: Choi You Jin , Seo Bo Seon , Lee Jun Ho , Jeong Su Jin 
Published: February 2016

AimsThe investigation of fecal retention using objective and patient‐friendly tools, rather than the diagnosis of constipation, might be important in the management of overactive bladder (OAB) in children. The present study aimed to evaluate the incidence and grade of fecal retention in children with OAB and to determine the effectiveness of laxative treatment for fecal retention in the management of OAB in children.MethodsThis study included 88 children with OAB aged 5–15 years. Fecal retention was defined as type 1/2 feces (Bristol stool form scale) or a Leech score above eight points, and constipation was determined according to the ROME III criteria. Among the 88 children, 71 with fecal retention or constipation were treated with oral laxatives (polyethylene glycol 3,350/4,000 or lactulose) for 2 weeks, and the responses to the treatment were assessed.ResultsAmong the 88 children, 63 (71.6%) had a Leech score above eight points as assessed by plain abdominal radiography, 52 (59.1%) had type 1/2 feces (Bristol stool form scale), 24 (27.3%) had functional constipation and only 6 (6.8%) had none of either. Among the 71 children who received laxative treatment for 2 weeks, 58 (81.7%) reported an improvement in OAB symptoms. Additionally, the number of children with a Leech score above eight points was significantly higher in the good response group than in the poor response group (P = 0.014).ConclusionInvestigation of fecal retention with the Leech scoring system and laxative treatment might be helpful in the management of OAB in children. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:490–494, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
l‐Theanine inhibits proinflammatory PKC/ERK/ICAM‐1/IL‐33 signaling, apoptosis, and autophagy formation in substance P‐induced hyperactive bladder in rats
Authors: Tsai Wen‐Hsin , Wu Chung‐Hsin , Yu Hong‐Jeng , Chien Chiang‐Ting 
Published: February 2016

Aims: Upregulation of substance P (SP) and neurokinin‐1 receptor (NK1R) activation induces pro‐inflammatory bladder hyperactivity through the PKC/ERK/NF‐κB/ICAM‐1/IL‐33 signaling pathways to increase the leukocyte infiltration and adhesion leading to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, autophagy, and apoptosis. l‐Theanine is a unique non‐protein‐forming amino acid present in tea (Camellia sinensis [L.] O. Kuntze) with its antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and relaxation effects to improve cognition, mood, gastric ulcer injury, and cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, and posttraumatic stress disorder. We explored the protective effect of l‐theanine on SP‐induced bladder hyperactivity.Methods: In urethane‐anesthetized female Wistar rats, we explored the transcystometrogram, pelvic nerve activity, proinflammatory PKC/ERK/NF‐κB/ICAM‐1/IL‐33 signaling, apoptosis‐related Caspase 3/poly‐(ADP‐ribose)‐polymerase (PARP), and autophagy‐mediated LC3 II expression by Western blot, electrophoretic‐mobility shift assay and immunohistochemistry, bladder ROS amount by a ultrasensitive chemiluminescence method, and possible ROS sources from the different leukocytes by specific stains in SP‐evoked hyperactive bladder.Results: l‐Theanine dose‐dependently depressed H2O2 and HOCl activity in vitro. In urethane‐anesthetized female Wistar rats, intra‐arterial SP through NK1R activation increased voiding frequency (shortened intercontraction intervals) associated with the increase in bladder nerve activity, proinflammatory PKC/ERK/NF‐κB/ICAM‐1/IL‐33 signaling, Caspase 3/PARP‐mediated apoptosis, LC3 II‐mediated autophagy, ROS amount, neutrophils adhesion, CD68 (monocyte/macrophage) infiltration, and mast cells degranulation in the hyperactive bladder. Intragastrical l‐theanine (15 mg/kg) twice daily for 2 weeks efficiently ameliorated all the enhanced parameters in the SP‐treated hyperactive bladder.Conclusions: In conclusion, l‐theanine through antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory actions ameliorates SP‐induced bladder hyperactivity via the inhibition of proinflammatory PKC/ERK/NF‐κB/ICAM‐1/IL‐33 signaling, oxidative stress, bladder nerve hyperactivity, apoptosis, and autophagy. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:297–307, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Aversion learning can reduce meal size without taste avoidance in rats
Authors: Tracy Andrea L. , Schurdak Jennifer D. , Chambers James B. , Benoit Stephen C. 
Published: February 2016

ObjectiveNausea and aversive food responses are commonly reported following bariatric surgery, along with post‐surgical reduction in meal size. This study investigates whether a meal size limit can be conditioned by associating large meals with aversive outcomes.MethodsIn rats, the intake of meals exceeding a pre‐defined size threshold was paired with lithium chloride‐induced gastric illness, and the effects on self‐determined food intakes and body weight were measured.ResultsRats given LiCl contingent on the intake of a large meal learned to reliably reduce intake below this meal size threshold, while post‐meal saline or LiCl before meals did not change meal size. It was further demonstrated that this is not a conditioned taste aversion and that this effect transferred to foods not explicitly trained. Finally, when rats received LiCl following all large meals, the number of small meals increased, but total food intake and body weight decreased.ConclusionsWhile further work is needed, this is the first demonstration that meal size may be conditioned, using an aversion procedure, to remain under a target threshold and that this effect is distinct from taste avoidance. Corresponding reduction in food intake and body weight suggests that this phenomenon may have implications for developing weight loss strategies and understanding the efficacy of bariatric surgery.
Metabolic effects of eradicating breath methane using antibiotics in prediabetic subjects with obesity
Authors: Mathur Ruchi , Chua Kathleen S. , Mamelak Mindy , Morales Walter , Barlow Gillian M. , Thomas Rita , Stefanovski Darko , Weitsman Stacy , Marsh Zachary , Bergman Richard N. , Pimentel Mark 
Published: February 2016

ObjectiveMethanogens colonizing the human gut produce methane and influence host metabolism. This study examined metabolic parameters in methane‐producing subjects before and after antibiotic treatment.MethodsEleven prediabetic methane‐positive subjects (9F, 2M) with obesity (BMI 35.17 ± 7.71 kg/m2) aged 47 ± 9 years were recruited. Subjects underwent breath testing, symptom questionnaire, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), lipid profile, and stool Methanobrevibacter smithii levels, gastric transit, and energy utilization analyses. After a 10‐day antibiotic therapy (neomycin 500 mg bid/rifaximin 550 mg tid), all testing was repeated.ResultsBaseline stool M. smithii levels correlated with breath methane (R = 0.7, P = 0.05). Eight subjects (73%) eradicated breath methane and showed reduced stool M. smithii (P = 0.16). After therapy, methane‐eradicated subjects showed significant improvements in low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) (P = 0.028), total cholesterol (P = 0.01), and insulin levels on OGTT (P = 0.05 at 120 minutes), lower blood glucose levels on OGTT (P = 0.054 at 90 minutes), significant reductions in bloating (P = 0.018) and straining (P = 0.059), and a trend toward lower stool dry weight. No changes were detected in gastric emptying time or energy harvest.ConclusionsBreath methane eradication and M. smithii reduction are associated with significant improvements in total cholesterol, LDL, and insulin levels and with lower glucose levels in prediabetic subjects with obesity. The underlying mechanisms require further elucidation.
Chronic endothelin‐1 infusion causes adipocyte hyperplasia in rats
Authors: Lien Chih‐Chan , Jiang Jia‐Ling , Jian Deng‐Yuan , Kwok Ching‐Fai , Ho Low‐Tone , Juan Chi‐Chang 
Published: February 2016

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the regulatory mechanism of endothelin‐1 (ET‐1), an endothelium‐derived vasoconstrictor, on adipogenesis in vitro and in vivo.Methods3T3‐L1 preadipocytes were used to explore the mechanisms mediating ET‐1 actions on preadipocyte proliferation and adipocyte differentiation. To investigate the in vivo effect of ET‐1, male Sprague‐Dawley rats were infused with ET‐1 or saline for 4 weeks via intraperitoneally implanted osmotic pumps, and the fat pad weight and adipocyte size of adipose tissues were measured.ResultsET‐1 stimulated preadipocyte proliferation and increased the cell number at the mitotic clonal expansion stage of adipocyte differentiation via the endothelin A receptor (ETAR) and activation of the protein kinase C (PKC) pathway. ET‐1, via ETAR, inhibited adipocyte differentiation partially through an ERK‐dependent pathway. Furthermore, no significant difference in the body weight and fat pad weight was observed in either ET‐1‐ or saline‐infused rats. Compared with saline‐infused rats, the adipocyte cell number was significantly increased but the adipocyte size was significantly decreased in ET‐1‐infused rats.ConclusionsChronic ET‐1 infusion increased the number of small adipocytes without the change of white adipose tissue mass in rats, which were associated with ET‐1‐stimulated preadipocyte proliferation, but not ET‐1‐suppressed adipocyte differentiation.
Self‐Reported Medication Adherence Barriers Among Ambulatory Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Campbell Noll L. , Zhan Jia , Tu Wanzhu , Weber Zach , Ambeuhl Roberta , McKay Caroline , McElwee Newell 
Published: February 2016

Study ObjectiveTo compare the frequencies of barriers to medication adherence reported by ambulatory older adults with a diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and ambulatory older adults with normal cognition.DesignCross‐sectional study.SettingOutpatient clinics within a safety‐net health care system.ParticipantsAmbulatory older adults (≥ 65 yrs) with a diagnosis of MCI (96 participants) or normal cognition (104 participants).Measurements and Main ResultsSelf‐reported beliefs and barriers to medication nonadherence were assessed by items from the Morisky Medication Adherence Survey, the Adherence Estimator, and barriers derived from a systematic review of studies in older adults with cognitive impairment. Participants with a diagnosis of MCI had a mean age of 72 years, 77% were female, and 37% were African‐American. Participants with normal cognition had a mean age of 76 years, 79% were female, and 47% were African‐American. Among all participants, 83% reported the presence of at least one barrier to medication adherence, and 62.5% reported two or more barriers to medication adherence. The most commonly reported barriers were difficulty remembering the amount or time of each medication to take (49%), difficulty opening or reading prescription bottles (42%), feeling worse when taking medications (29%), and trouble affording medications (26%). Considering the multiple comparisons made in this analysis, few significant differences in barrier frequencies were identified between the groups with MCI and normal cognition.ConclusionMultiple medication adherence barriers were identified among all participants, including cognitive, physical, and financial barriers, although few significant differences were identified between those with and without MCI. Interventions capable of addressing multiple barriers are required to improve medication adherence in older adults with and without MCI.