bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Motives for Vulvar Surgery of Women with Lichen Sclerosus
Authors: Brauer Marieke , van Lunsen Rik , Burger Matthé , Laan Ellen 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Women with lichen sclerosus (LS) may experience (superficial) dyspareunia or the inability to have vaginal intercourse due to painful fissures and narrowing of the vaginal introitus. A surgical procedure may contribute to the relief of these sexual pain problems. It is unknown what motives women have to undergo surgery in order to regain the ability to have sexual intercourse. Such knowledge can offer important insights that are indispensable when discussing the option of vulvar surgery with patients with LS and might prevent potential patient dissatisfaction. This study’s purpose is to examine why women with LS decide to undergo vulvar surgery in order to restore intercourse.

Methods
Nineteen women with anogenital LS participated in audiotaped qualitative individual interviews, in which their motives for undergoing vulvar surgery to restore intercourse were explored retrospectively. Interview data were analyzed using the constant comparative method.

Results
Three main motives for wanting to undergo surgery in order to restore intercourse were found. These were the desire to be a “normal” woman, the desire to sexually satisfy the male partner, and the desire to regain the experience of intimacy and sexual enjoyment. Another reason for surgery was to reduce daily life LS symptoms. The sexual pain complaints prevented the women from living up to their norms about heterosexuality and gender roles. Being unable to have intercourse led women to feel inadequate as a woman and as a sexual partner.

Conclusions
Women with LS may opt for surgery to restore their identity as a “normal” woman and sexual partner, to regain the experience of coital intimacy, and to be less bothered by LS symptoms in daily life. The present findings point to the importance of a thorough couple-based sexual history in which women’s motives for and expectations of vulvar surgery will be explored in order to facilitate a good decision and to increase treatment satisfaction.
Psychological Treatment Trials for Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: A Sexual Medicine Critique and Perspective
Authors: Pyke Robert E. , Clayton Anita H. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Publications claim efficacy for treatment of hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) in women with cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) and mindfulness meditation training (MMT). However, no review has evaluated the evidence for these therapies from the rigorous perspective of sexual medicine.

Aims
The aim of this study was to evaluate the published controlled trials of CBT and MMT for disorders of sexual desire from the perspective of sexual medicine standards of control paradigms, risk/benefit ratios, and clinical significance.

Methods
MEDLINE was reviewed from the last 10 years. Evaluated study quality via 10 metrics and efficacy as mean change, and proportion of responders and remitters.

Results
Three controlled trials support CBT and two controlled trials support MMT. The reports of the trials each lacked several scientific requirements: a hierarchy of endpoints with a planned primary endpoint, sufficient information on the intervention to reproduce it, randomization, adequate control, accepted measures of benefits and harms, compliance data, and/or outcomes of clinical relevance.

Conclusions
Psychological treatments for HSDD are not yet supported by adequate clinical trials. The current scientific and regulatory standards for drug treatment trials should also be applicable to psychological treatment trials.
Trend in Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens)tusk asymmetry, 1990–2014
Authors: MacCracken James G. , Benter R. Brad 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWe used the basal circumference of Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) tusks (upper canine teeth,n= 21,068 pairs) to estimate fluctuating asymmetry (FA1 index) from 1990 to 2014. The mean difference in circumference between paired tusks was −0.006 (SEM= 0.002) cm and approximately normally distributed. Measurement error was 0.6 (0.02)%, similar between biologists and lay persons (P= 0.83), and ≤15% ofFA1. TuskFA1 was greatest in 1990 then declined by 56% (P= 0.0001) through 2014. Male and female trends differed (P= 0.0001) and maleFA1 was 40% greater (P= 0.0001) and the rate of decline 28% steeper (P= 0.3) than females. A quartic polynomial model (r2= 0.66,wi= 0.685) fit the trend for female data better than simpler forms, whereas a linear model (r2= 0.55,wi= 0.693) was a better fit for male data. Walrus tuskFA1 reflected periods when the population was stressed due to food limitations and then recovered, and perhaps when females began to experience the loss of preferred sea ice habitat in summer andFA1 is an easily monitored indicator. More work is needed to confirm the link betweenFA1, individual fitness, and adaptive potential.
Colon wall motility: comparison of novel quantitative semi‐automatic measurements using cine MRI
Authors: Hoad C. L. , Menys A. , Garsed K. , Marciani L. , Hamy V. , Murray K. , Costigan C. , Atkinson D. , Major G. , Spiller R. C. , Taylor S. A. , Gowland P. A. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundRecently, cine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has shown promise for visualizing movement of the colonic wall, although assessment of data has been subjective and observer dependent. This study aimed to develop an objective and semi‐automatic imaging metric of ascending colonic wall movement, using image registration techniques.MethodsCine balanced turbo field echo MRI images of ascending colonic motility were acquired over 2 min from 23 healthy volunteers (HVs) at baseline and following two different macrogol stimulus drinks (11 HVs drank 1 L and 12 HVs drank 2 L). Motility metrics derived from large scale geometric and small scale pixel movement parameters following image registration were developed using the post ingestion data and compared to observer grading of wall motion. Inter and intra‐observer variability in the highest correlating metric was assessed using Bland–Altman analysis calculated from two separate observations on a subset of data.Key ResultsAll the metrics tested showed significant correlation with the observer rating scores. Line analysis (LA) produced the highest correlation coefficient of 0.74 (95% CI: 0.55–0.86), p < 0.001 (Spearman Rho). Bland–Altman analysis of the inter‐ and intra‐observer variability for the LA metric, showed almost zero bias and small limits of agreement between observations (−0.039 to 0.052 intra‐observer and −0.051 to 0.054 inter‐observer, range of measurement 0–0.353).Conclusions & InferencesThe LA index of colonic motility derived from cine MRI registered data provides a quick, accurate and non‐invasive method to detect wall motion within the ascending colon following a colonic stimulus in the form of a macrogol drink.
Transcriptome‐derived evidence supports recent polyploidization and a major phylogeographic division in Trithuria submersa (Hydatellaceae, Nymphaeales)
Authors: Marques Isabel , Montgomery Sean A. , Barker Michael S. , Macfarlane Terry D. , Conran John G. , Catalán Pilar , Rieseberg Loren H. , Rudall Paula J. , Graham Sean W. 
Published: November 2015

Summary

Relatively little is known about species‐level genetic diversity in flowering plants outside the eudicots and monocots, and it is often unclear how to interpret genetic patterns in lineages with whole‐genome duplications. We addressed these issues in a polyploid representative of Hydatellaceae, part of the water‐lily order Nymphaeales.

We examined a transcriptome of Trithuria submersa for evidence of recent whole‐genome duplication, and applied transcriptome‐derived microsatellite (expressed‐sequence tag simple‐sequence repeat (EST‐SSR)) primers to survey genetic variation in populations across its range in mainland Australia.

A transcriptome‐based Ks plot revealed at least one recent polyploidization event, consistent with fixed heterozygous genotypes representing underlying sets of homeologous loci. A strong genetic division coincides with a trans‐Nullarbor biogeographic boundary.

Patterns of ‘allelic’ variation (no more than two variants per EST‐SSR genotype) and recently published chromosomal evidence are consistent with the predicted polyploidization event and substantial homozygosity underlying fixed heterozygote SSR genotypes, which in turn reflect a selfing mating system. The Nullarbor Plain is a barrier to gene flow between two deep lineages of T. submersa that may represent cryptic species. The markers developed here should also be useful for further disentangling species relationships, and provide a first step towards future genomic studies in Trithuria.
Sports activities enhance the prevalence of rhinitis symptoms in schoolchildren
Authors: Kusunoki Takashi , Takeuchi Jiro , Morimoto Takeshi , Sakuma Mio , Mukaida Kumiko , Yasumi Takahiro , Nishikomori Ryuta , Heike Toshio 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate the association between sports activities and allergic symptoms, especially rhinitis, among schoolchildren.MethodsThis longitudinal survey of schoolchildren collected data from questionnaires regarding allergic symptoms based on the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) program and sports participation that were distributed to the parents of children at all 12 public primary schools in Ohmi‐Hachiman City, Shiga Prefecture, Japan. Data were collected annually from 2011 until 2014, when the children reached 10 years of age. Blood samples were obtained in 2014, and the levels of immunoglobulin (Ig)E specific to four inhalant allergens were measured.ResultsData from 558 children were analyzed. At 10 years of age, prevalence of asthma and eczema did not differ significantly, while rhinitis was significantly higher (p = 0.009) among children who participated in sports. Prevalence of rhinitis increased as the frequency or duration of sports participation increased (p < 0.01). The prevalence of new‐onset rhinitis increased significantly among 10‐year‐olds with increasing duration of participation in sports (p = 0.03). Among those who participated in continuous sports activities, the prevalence of rhinitis was significantly higher with prolonged eczema (p = 0.006). Sports activities did not increase sensitization to inhalant allergens.ConclusionSports activities enhance the prevalence of rhinitis in schoolchildren. Prolonged eczema, together with sports participation, further promotes the symptoms. The mechanisms of these novel findings warrant further investigation.
Swiss banking secrecy and the problem of international cooperation in tax matters: A nut too hard to crack?
Authors: Emmenegger Patrick 
Published: November 2015

AbstractHow was Swiss resistance to international cooperation in tax matters overcome? This article argues that while Swiss banks are structurally dependent on access to the United States (US) financial market, Switzerland is structurally dependent on the economic welfare of its largest banks. Taking advantage of a tax evasion scandal in the midst of the global financial crisis, this indirect dependence gave US law enforcement authorities the opportunity to exercise pressure on Switzerland by threatening to criminally indict Switzerland's largest bank. The tax evasion scandal and subsequent Swiss concessions to the US had two important consequences for international tax cooperation. First, the scandal provided a focal point for collective action that allowed other countries to coordinate their strategies and direct them against the country that had been identified as uncooperative. Second, the scandal undermined Switzerland's ability to impede collective action because the bank's public admission of wrongdoing demonstrated the necessity of international tax cooperation.
Elevated sL1‐CAM levels in BALF and serum of IPF patients
Authors: Zhang Yingwei , Bi Lintao , Qiu Yuying , Wang Yang , Ding Jingjing , Zhuang Yi , Tian Yaqiong , Cai Hourong 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackground and objectiveIPF is a form of interstitial pneumonia of unknown origin that has a poor prognosis for which current treatments are limited. Recent studies have shown that EMT plays a role in IPF and tumour metastasis. L1‐CAM has also been linked to EMT during tumour development and tumour metastasis. Our aim was to determine prospectively the level of L1‐CAM in IPF patients.MethodsForty consecutive Chinese patients (with IPF, 16; LC, 12; and CC, 12), but no apparent lung or other organ's diseases were enrolled. Soluble L1‐CAM (sL1‐CAM), TGF‐β1, PDGF, γ‐INF levels in BALF and serum sL1‐CAM were measured using ELISA.ResultsBALF sL1‐CAM levels of IPF, LC and CC patients were 10.87 ± 0.88 ng/mL, 6.34 ± 0.67 ng/mL and 5.43 ± 0.65 ng/mL, respectively. BALF sL1‐CAM concentration of IPF patients was significantly higher than that in LC and in CC patients. Besides, serum sL1‐CAM levels in patients with IPF, LC and CC were 9.60 ± 1.41 ng/mL, 9.82 ± 0.72 ng/mL and 5.41 ± 1.07 ng/mL, respectively. The serum sL1‐CAM levels in patients with IPF and LC were significantly higher than those in patients with CC (P < 0.001, respectively).ConclusionsThe concentrations of sL1‐CAM both in BALF and in serum of patients with IPF are markedly increased compared with controls. This indicates that L1‐CAM might be involved in the pathogenesis of IPF as well as that of LC.
Comparison of innate immune responses towards rhinovirus infection of primary nasal and bronchial epithelial cells
Authors: Alves Marco P. , Schögler Aline , Ebener Simone , Vielle Nathalie J. , Casaulta Carmen , Jung Andreas , Moeller Alexander , Geiser Thomas , Regamey Nicolas 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackground and objectiveRhinoviruses (RV) replicate in both upper and lower airway epithelial cells. We evaluated the possibility of using nasal epithelial cells (NEC) as surrogate of bronchial epithelial cells (BEC) for RV pathogenesis cell culture studies.MethodsWe used primary paired NEC and BEC cultures established from healthy subjects and compared the replication of RV belonging to the major (RV16) and minor (RV1B) group, and the cellular antiviral and proinflammatory cytokine responses towards these viruses. We related antiviral and pro‐inflammatory responses of NEC isolated from CF and COPD patients with those of BEC.ResultsRV16 replication and major group surface receptor (ICAM‐1) expression were higher in healthy NEC compared with BEC (P < 0.05); RV1B replication and minor group surface receptor (LDLR) expression were similar. Healthy NEC and BEC produced similar levels of IFN‐β and IFN‐λ2/3 upon RV infection or after simulation with poly(IC). IL‐8 production was similar between healthy NEC and BEC. IL‐6 release at baseline (P < 0.01) and upon infection with RV16 (P < 0.05) and poly(IC) stimulation (P < 0.05) was higher in NEC. RV1B viral load in NEC was related to RV1B viral load in BEC (r = 0.49, P = 0.01). There was a good correlation of IFN levels between NEC and BEC (r = 0.66, P = 0.0004 after RV1B infection). IL‐8 production in NEC was related to IL‐8 production in BEC (r = 0.48, P = 0.02 after RV1B infection).ConclusionNEC are a suitable alternative cellular system to BEC to study the pathophysiology of RV infections and particularly to investigate IFN responses induced by RV infection.
Opus musivum, opus variegatum: the mosaic form in early modern culture
Authors: Farley Stuart 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis article seeks to contribute to what has been called ‘new’ – or ‘historical’ – formalism by attending to the form of things and by considering how such things might give rise to literary forms. It does so by locating an aesthetic form in the realm of things—namely, what was known as the ‘mosaic work’ (opus musivum) – and by tracing the ways in which such a material artefact might give shape to a variety of literary texts, such as the essay, the cento, the miscellaneous prose‐tract, even the Bible. Moreover, in focusing on the prose‐texts of Michel de Montaigne, John Donne, Robert Burton, Meric Casaubon, and Thomas Browne, among others, the present study demonstrates that prose, like its counterpart verse, does indeed possess a form of its own and that such a form contributes to the work done by prose.
Mode I–III Decomposition of the J‐integral from DIC Displacement Data
Authors: Molteno M. R. , Becker T. H. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis paper presents the implementation of the decomposition method on digital image correlation (DIC) obtained displacement fields to obtain J‐integral results (J) and respective stress intensity factors (SIFs). DIC is increasingly used with the J‐integral approach in experimental mechanics to obtain J estimates from complex fracture processes. In this approach, the decomposition method is applied to DIC displacement fields for the first time. Here, displacement fields are separated before stresses and strains are computed, so that subsequent computation of separate J or SIF components may follow the classical full‐field J‐integral approach. The sensitivity of the decomposition method to experimental errors is investigated using synthetically generated errors imposed on crack tip displacement fields (Williams' series), from which improvements to the procedure are proposed. The method is experimentally tested on PMMA Arcan specimens under mode I, II, and III, and mixed‐mode I–III loading. Test results were compared to fracture toughness values obtained from ASTM tests and literature with close agreement.
Successful treatment of cytomegalovirus enteritis after unrelated allogeneic stem cell transplantation by the infusion of ex vivo‐expanded CD4+ lymphocytes derived from the recipient's peripheral blood donor cells
Authors: Muto T. , Takeda Y. , Tsukamoto S. , Sakai S. , Mimura N. , Ohwada C. , Takeuchi M. , Sakaida E. , Ota S. , Iseki T. , Shimizu N. , Morio T. , Nakaseko C. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAdoptive immunotherapies have been developed for antiviral agent‐refractory cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease after stem cell transplantation (SCT). However, the application of such strategies is limited, particularly in terms of need for donor cooperation regarding blood sampling and inaccessibility in the setting of cord blood transplantation. Herein, we describe the first successful treatment of antiviral agent‐refractory CMV enteritis after allogeneic SCT by the infusion of ex vivo‐expanded donor‐derived CD4+ lymphocytes obtained from the recipient's peripheral blood.
Reconfigurable Mechanisms From the Intersection of Surfaces
Authors: López-Custodio P. C. , Rico J. M. , Cervantes-Sánchez J. J. , Pérez-Soto G. I. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The method of intersection of surfaces generated by kinematic dyads is applied to obtain mechanisms that are able to shift from one mode of motion to another. Then a mobility analysis shows that the singularities of the generated surfaces can be used to obtain mechanisms which can change their number of degrees-of-freedom depending on its configuration. The generator dyads are connected as usually done by a spherical pair. However, in the cases shown in this contribution the three-degrees-of-freedom of the spherical pair are not all necessary to keep the kinematic chain closed and movable, and the spherical pair can be substituted by either a pair of intersecting revolute joints or a single revolute joint. This substitution can be obtained by means of two methods presented in this contribution.
Sudden cardiac death associated with physical exertion in the US military, 2005–2010
Authors: Smallman Darlene P , Webber Bryant J , Mazuchowski Edward L , Scher Ann I , Jones Sam O , Cantrell Joyce A 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundSudden cardiac death associated with physical exertion (SCD/E) is a complicated pathophysiological event. This study aims to calculate the incidence rate of SCD/E in the US military population from 2005 to 2010, to characterise the demographic and cardiovascular risk profiles of decedents, and to evaluate aetiologies of and circumstances surrounding the deaths.MethodsPerimortem and other relevant data were collected from the Armed Forces Medical Examiners Tracking System, Armed Forces Health Longitudinal Technology Application, and Defense Medical Epidemiology Database for decedents meeting SCD/E case definition. Incidence rates were calculated and compared using negative binomial regression.ResultsThe incidence of SCD/E in the Active Component (ie, full-time active duty) US military from 2005 to 2010 was 1.63 per 100 000 person-years (py): 0.98 and 3.84 per 100 000 py in those aged <35 and ≥35 years, respectively. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease was the leading cause of death overall (55%) and in the ≥35-year age group (78%), whereas the leading cause of death in the <35-year age group (31%) could not be precisely determined and was termed idiopathic SCD/E (iSCD/E). SCD/E was more common in males than females (incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 5.28, 95% CI 2.16 to 12.93) and more common in blacks than whites (IRR=2.60, 95% CI 1.81 to 3.72). All female cases were black.ConclusionsFrom 2005 to 2010, the incidence of SCD/E in US military members aged <35 years was similar to most reported corresponding civilian SCD rates. However, the leading cause of death was iSCD/E and not cardiomyopathy. Improved surveillance and age-based prevention strategies may reduce these rates.
Effects of exercise and manual therapy on pain associated with hip osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Beumer Lucy , Wong Jennie , Warden Stuart J , Kemp Joanne L , Foster Paul , Crossley Kay M 
Published: November 2015

AimTo explore the effects of exercise (water-based or land-based) and/or manual therapies on pain in adults with clinically and/or radiographically diagnosed hip osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsA systematic review and meta-analysis was performed, with patient reported pain assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS) or the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) pain subscale. Data were grouped by follow-up time (0–3 months=short term; 4–12 months=medium term and; >12 months=long term), and standardised mean differences (SMD) with 95% CIs were used to establish intervention effect sizes. Study quality was assessed using modified PEDro scores.Results19 trials were included. Four studies showed short-term benefits favouring water-based exercise over minimal control using the WOMAC pain subscale (SMD −0.53, 95% CI −0.96 to −0.10). Six studies supported a short-term benefit of land-based exercise compared to minimal control on VAS assessed pain (SMD −0.49, 95% CI −0.70 to −0.29). There were no medium (SMD −0.23, 95% CI −0.48 to 0.03) or long (SMD −0.22, 95% CI −0.51 to 0.06) term benefits of exercise therapy, or benefit of combining exercise therapy with manual therapy (SMD −0.38, 95% CI −0.88 to 0.13) when compared to minimal control.ConclusionsBest available evidence indicates that exercise therapy (whether land-based or water-based) is more effective than minimal control in managing pain associated with hip OA in the short term. Larger high-quality RCTs are needed to establish the effectiveness of exercise and manual therapies in the medium and long term.