bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resource Pooling and Allocation Policies to Deliver Differentiated Service
Authors: Zhong Yuanguang , Zheng Zhichao , Chou Mabel C. , Teo Chung-Piaw 
Published: March 2017

Resource pooling strategies have been widely used in industry to match supply with demand. However, effective implementation of these strategies can be challenging. Firms need to integrate the heterogeneous service level requirements of different customers into the pooling model and allocate the resources (inventory or capacity) appropriately in the most effective manner. The traditional analysis of inventory pooling, for instance, considers the performance metric in a centralized system and does not address the associated issue of inventory allocation. Using Blackwell’s Approachability Theorem, we derive a set of necessary and sufficient conditions to relate the fill rate requirement of each customer to the resources needed in the system. This provides a new approach to studying the value of resource pooling in a system with differentiated service requirements. Furthermore, we show that with “allocation flexibility,” the amount of safety stock needed in a system with independent and identically distributed demands does not grow with the number of customers but instead diminishes to zero and eventually becomes negative as the number of customers grows sufficiently large. This surprising result holds for all demand distributions with bounded first and second moments. This paper was accepted by Martin Lariviere, operations management.
Ambiguous Joint Chance Constraints Under Mean and Dispersion Information
Authors: Hanasusanto Grani A. , Roitch Vladimir , Kuhn Daniel , Wiesemann Wolfram 
Published: March 2017

We study joint chance constraints where the distribution of the uncertain parameters is only known to belong to an ambiguity set characterized by the mean and support of the uncertainties and by an upper bound on their dispersion. This setting gives rise to pessimistic (optimistic) ambiguous chance constraints, which require the corresponding classical chance constraints to be satisfied for every (for at least one) distribution in the ambiguity set. We demonstrate that the pessimistic joint chance constraints are conic representable if (i) the constraint coefficients of the decisions are deterministic, (ii) the support set of the uncertain parameters is a cone, and (iii) the dispersion function is of first order, that is, it is positively homogeneous. We also show that pessimistic joint chance constrained programs become intractable as soon as any of the conditions (i), (ii) or (iii) is relaxed in the mildest possible way. We further prove that the optimistic joint chance constraints are conic representable if (i) holds, and that they become intractable if (i) is violated. We show in numerical experiments that our results allow us to solve large-scale project management and image reconstruction models to global optimality. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2016.1583 .
Impaired growth and reproductive capacity in marine rockweeds following prolonged environmental contaminant exposure
Authors: Lauze Jessie F. , Hable Whitney E. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIntertidal macroalgae are resilient organisms, withstanding daily fluctuations in temperature, salinity and air exposure. These sessile seaweeds are exposed to anthropogenic pollution as an additional stressor in their natural habitat alongside coastal waterways, which are often adjacent to industrial centers. One such habitat in the New Bedford Harbor in Massachusetts has been recognized by government agencies as a site of National Priority after several decades of polychlorinated biphenyl and metal discharge. Research has focused on the effects of these contaminants among large-scale trophic cascades, with less emphasis on sessile primary productivity. Macroalgal members of the community were the focus of this study and were used to evaluate the presence and effect of environmental contaminants. Contaminants prominent in highly polluted regions of the harbor were elevated in tissue samples. Field surveys evaluating density and biomass were conducted in five areas of varying contamination and indicated a drastic inhibition of colonization with increasing contaminant load. No differences were detected between sites in terms of oocyte production in a single receptacle, but only individuals from less contaminated regions released those oocytes. Potential causes of decreased population size may therefore be reduction in individual biomass and a decreased ability to release eggs.
Round-pot feeder: low-cost apparatus for field studies on food supplementation for arboreal small mammals
Authors: Mendonça André Faria , Armond Thaiz , Camargo Anna Carla L. , Zangrandi Priscilla L. , Vieira Emerson M. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
We describe a newly developed and low-cost feeder designed for use with arboreal small mammals under any climatic condition. As part of a project on bottom-up regulation of small mammal populations in central Brazil, we present the results of 16 months of food supplementation. During the study, more than 118 kg of milled cat food were consumed, out of a total of 207 kg offered. Moreover, we registered a low rate of loss (14.05%) of feeders from falling to the ground or termite/ant colonization. The round-pot feeder described here represents a low-cost method for providing continuous food-supplementation, contraceptives, or poisoned baits to arboreal small mammals.
Atitudes de estudantes de medicina face ao “mais médicos” revela favorecimento endogrupal
Authors: Barros Clarissa Maria Dubeux Lopes , Torres Ana Raquel Rosas , Pereira Cicero Roberto 
Published: March 2017

As pessoas são motivadas a favorecer o seu próprio grupo na distribuição de recursos simbólicos e materiais. Analisou-se em que medida este fenômeno está presente na atitude de estudantes de medicina face ao Programa Mais Médicos. Testou-se as hipóteses de que a oposição à contratação de médicos estrangeiros é motivada pelo favorecimento endogrupal e que este efeito é potencializado pelo preconceito contra a origem dos médicos. O estudo foi realizado em 259 estudantes de medicina alocados aleatoriamente em cenários conforme a origem nacional dos médicos a serem contratados (cubanos vs. espanhóis vs. portugueses vs. brasileiros) que indicaram a sua concordância com a contratação. Os resultados mostram que estudantes são favoráveis à contratação apenas de médicos brasileiros, opondo-se à contratação de médicos estrangeiros. Na discussão abordou-se as atitudes face ao Programa Mais Médicos como indicadoras de tensões sociais subjacentes à distribuição de recursos socialmente valorizados e motivadas por fatores identitários.
Avaliação de habilidades relacionadas à compreensão de leitura no ensino fundamental
Authors: Ferraz Adriana Satico , Dos Santos Acácia Aparecida Angeli 
Published: March 2017

Por reconhecer a relevância da compreensão de leitura para o processo de ensino e aprendizagem, esse estudo objetivou a investigação da sua relação com o reconhecimento de palavras e a consciência fonológica, bem como a contribuição de ambas as habilidades para o seu desempenho. A amostra de estudo contou com 390 alunos do 3º ao 5º anos do primeiro ciclo do Fundamental, residentes nas cinco regiões brasileiras, sendo 181 meninos e 209 meninas (M idade=9,21; DP=1,065). Os instrumentos utilizados foram dois textos de Cloze e a EREP, aplicados coletivamente, e o RACF, aplicado individualmente. Identificaram-se correlações entre a compreensão de leitura e ambas as habilidades, com destaque para a contribuição superior do reconhecimento de palavras para a compreensão de leitura. Verificaram-se, ainda, as diferenças de desempenho para as variáveis ano escolar e região de moradia. Destaca-se a iniciativa desse estudo em avaliar o desempenho dos alunos nos primeiros anos escolares na dimensão das cinco regiões brasileiras.
PENDIDIKAN MORAL PERSPEKTIF NASIH ULWAN
Authors: Istiadie Johan , Subhan Fauti 
Published: March 2017

<p>BAHASA INDONESIA:</p><p>Tulisan ini berusaha memotret pemikiran pendidikan moral menurut Nasih Ulwan dan relevansinya dalam menjawab problematika manusia modern. Dalam perspektif Nasih Ulwan, pendidikan moral merupakan serangkaian prinsip dasar moral dan keutamaan sikap serta watak (tabiat) yang harus dimiliki dan dijadikan kebiasaan oleh anak sejak masa pemula hingga ia menjadi seorang mukallaf, yakni siap mengarungi lautan kehidupan. Di era modern, persoalan yang muncul adalah persoalan fisik dan psikis. Persoalan fisik mengarah pada pengkondisian manusia sebagai objek dari segala produk iptek. Sementara itu persoalan psikis mengarah pada pendangkalan nilai-nilai moral-spiritual akibat dari dominasi produk iptek modern yang skuler. Salah satu problem mendasar di negeri ini adalah krisis moral dan kepercayaan. Krisis tersebut berawal dari ketidakjujuran aparatur Negara dalam menjalankan amanahnya sebagai pemegang kebijakan. Perilaku korupsi dan sejenisnya adalah cermin dari sikap suka bohong, suka mencuri, kenakalan dan penyimpangan. Oleh karena itu ajaran moral Nasih Ulwan amat relevan jika diterapkan di negeri ini demi menjawab problem krisis moral dan kepercayaan yang terjadi.</p><p> </p><p>ENGLISH:</p><p>This paper concerned in moral education thought based on Nasih Ulwan and its relevance in answering the problems of human modern. From Ulwan’s perspective, moral education is a set of moral basic principle and the primacy of attitude and character (nature) which has to be owned and used as habit by children since they are young until become mukallaf, is ready to face the world. In modern era, the issue which emerges is a physical and psychic problem. Physical issue leads to conditioning a human as an object of all the products of science and technology. Meanwhile, psychic problem leads to the silting up of moral-spiritual value caused by the dominance of modern science and technology products. One of the fundamental problems in this country is a moral crisis and faithful. The crisis started from the dishonesty of country’s apparatures in carrying out their mandate as the policy controller. The corruption, and its relation, is the reflective of dishonesty, thieving, delinquency, and irregularities. Therefore, moral learning by Ulwan is very relevant if applied in this country in order to answer the moral crisis problem and trust which is occurred.</p>
ETIKA BELAJAR DALAM KITAB TA’LIM AL-MUTA’ALLIM
Authors: Alfiyah Hanik Yuni 
Published: March 2017

<div><p>BAHASA INDONESIA:</p><p>Tulisan ini bermaksud mengulas tentang teori belajar dalam kitab <em>Ta’lim</em> <em>al</em>-<em>Mut’allim</em> yang dikarang oleh Imam Zarnuji. Kitab <em>Ta’lim</em> <em>al</em>-<em>Mut’allim</em> sangat mengedepankan aspek moral dalam proses belajar mengajar. Moralitas harus dimiliki pendidik dan peserta didik. Dalm <em>Ta’lim al-Muta’allim </em>sangat diagagungkan ilmu agama yang berorientasi untuk kepentingan kehidupan di akhirat. Kitab ini juga menyatakan bahwa setiap peserta didik harus memiliki sikap yang terpuji, antara lain: 1. Memuliakan pendidik, 2. Mengagungkan ilmu, 3. Menghormati Teman dan Bersikap Asih, 4. Bersikap <em>Wira’i</em><em>, </em>5. Penuh dengan Sikap Tawakkal, 6. Menghadap Kiblat ketika Belajar. Corak pemikiran pembelajaran dalam kitab <em>Ta’lim al-Muta’allim </em>bersifat mistik-sufistik. Artinya, sangat mengedepankan aspek spiritual atau moral kepada Allah SWT.</p><p> </p><p>ENGLISH:</p><p>This research discusses about learning theory on Ta’lim Al-Muta’allim book written by Imam Zarnuji. Ta’lim Al-Muta’allim book prioritizes moral aspect in teaching and learning process. The morality should be implemented by both educators and learners. Ta’lim Al-Muta’allim book has the focus on theology that orientates to the importance of life in hereafter. This book also explains that the learners should implement admirable attitude, they are: 1. Honoring the educators, 2. Honoring the science, 3. Respecting and loving the mates, 4. Implementing Wira’i, 5. Implementing Tawakkal, 6. Facing the west (direction) if the learners study. The complexity of learning thought on Ta’lim Al-Muta’allim book has mystical-sufistical characteristic that means prioritizing spiritual or moral aspect to Allah.</p></div>
SUMBER BELAJAR DALAM TEORI PANCARAN (TELAAH FILOSOFIS TENTANG PENDIDIKAN)
Authors: Kadir Abd. 
Published: March 2017

Secara luas sumber belajar merupakan pengalaman hidup yang bersifat empirik, rasional dan spiritual. Pengalaman hidup empirik didapat dari insteraksi seseorang dengan lingkungan material dan sosial, dan yang rasional dari melalui premis-premis yang dapat dipikirkan secara logis; sedangkan yang spiritual merupakan emanasi dari wujud wajib melalui akal aktif kepada Akal Mustafad. Akal yang beroperasi pada level supra mental ini memancarkan pengetahuan yang berupa bentuk tertentu kepada seseorang, karena ada kecenderungan jiwa manusia yang suci berhubungan dengan akal ini. Siapapun yang dapat berhubungan dan berkomunikasi dengan akal ini, maka ia akan mengenal atau mengetahui hakikat dari sesuatu.
INTERNALISASI NILAI-NILAI KESADARAN LINGKUNGAN MELALUI PENDIDIKAN (PERSPEKTIF AL-QURAN DAN AL-HADITS)
Authors: Thobroni Ahmad Yusam 
Published: March 2017

<p>Pengelolaan lingkungan harus berpijak pada prinsip-prinsip dan nilai-nilai al-Quran, yaitu: seluruh alam raya beserta isinya adalah milik Tuhan dan ciptaan-Nya; seluruh isi alam diperuntukkan bagi manusia dan makhluk hidup lainnya; alam ini ditundukkan agar dapat dikelola oleh manusia; manusia dititipi amanah oleh Tuhan untuk mengelola lingkungan; sebagai khalifah, manusia bertugas mengantarkan lingkungan untuk mencapai tujuan penciptaannya; pemborosan harus dicegah; kerusakan lingkungan adalah akibat perbuatan manusia, dan oleh karena itu manusia harus bertanggungjawab di dunia dan di akhirat; dan kasih sayang manusia kepada seluruh makhluk bermakna menghargai seluruh makhluk dan memperlakukannya dengan baik. Untuk menanamkan nilai-nilai kesadaran lingkungan berdasarkan spiritualitas Islam tersebut perlu diupayakan melalui proses pendidikan yang sistematis dan sinergis dengan memberikan perhatian khusus berupa pembentukan kurikulum pendidikan yang bernuansa kesadaran pelestarian lingkungan bagi subjek didik sejak dini. Dengan upaya ini diharapkan terwujudnya kelestarian lingkungan hidup yang semakin nyata dan membawa kepada kesejahteraan umat manusia.</p>
SIGNIFAKANSI MAQAMAT DAN AMALAN PADA PENDIDIKAN TASAWUF DALAM PERUBAHAN TINGKAH LAKU MANUSIA
Authors: Mihmidaty Mihmidaty 
Published: March 2017

<p>Masyarakat dewasa ini cenderung mengikuti gaya hidup <em>materialistic hedonistic. </em>Pada umumnya kontak antar manusia atas dasar prinsip-prinsip fungsional, pragmatis, materialis. Manusia yang seperti itu ternyata tidak bahagia dan diliputi kegelisahan, sehingga terjadi kekeringan spiritual. Oleh karena itu sebagian manusia kembali kepada nilai-nilai keagamaan, cenderung ke arah spiritualisme. Pendidikan tasawuf merupakan alternatif untuk mengatasi masalah ini. Pendidiknya adalah seorang guru yang <em>ma’rifat </em>(mengenal rahasia Ketuhanan) yang diberi kemampuan oleh Allah SWT untuk membimbing jiwa menuju pada kedekatan dengan Allah SWT dan mencapai kebahagiaan yang hakiki, melalui ajaran <em>maqamat </em>dan amalan-amalan tertentu secara disiplin, sehingga dapat menimbulkan perubahan tingkah laku. </p>
Chemical Composition of Mentha spicata L. subsp. tomentosa and M. pulegium L., and their Antimicrobial Activity on Strong Pathogen Microorganisms
Authors: SEVİNDİK Emre , YAMANER Çiğdem , KURTOĞLU Cemal , TİN Betül 
Published: March 2017

Mentha L., recognized as a medical and aromatic plant, is a general name affiliated to mint species and belongs to Labiatae family. Some species are used as fresh vegetables in the Turkish kitchen and they can also be used in salads. In addition, some species have been used as a spice in food. In this study, chemical composition and antimicrobial activity towards some pathogenics (gram + and gram -) microorganisms of the essential oils Mentha spicata L. subsp. tomentosa (Briq.) Harley, Mentha pulegium L. grown under West Anatolian ecological conditions were investigated. Extractions were carried out with Clevenger apparatus and essential oil composition was determined by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Microorganisms used for the antimicrobial studies were Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterecoccus faecium DSM 13590, Escherichia coli Q157:H7 and Bacillus cereus CCM99. As a result, M. pulegium and M. spicata subsp. tomentosa were found to be rich in piperitenone oxide: 72.77% and 28.84%, respectively. Each of the oils was found to possess antimicrobial properties against test microorganisms. Essential oils obtained from Mentha species give positive effect on all microorganisms.
Factors influencing cervical cancer screening in a Kenyan Health Facility: a mixed qualitative and quantitative study
Authors: Njuguna E. , Ilovi S. , Muiruri P. , Mutai K. , Kinuthia J. , Njoroge P. 
Published: March 2017

Background: Cervical cancer is the commonest cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality among women in developing countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Screening for cervical cancer among HIV infected women is crucial as they are more at risk of developing the disease and progressing faster once infected with Human Papilloma Virus (HPV).Methods: We aimed to determine the factors affecting the utilization of cervical cancer screening among HIV infected women above 18 years of age at Kenyatta National Hospital by conducting a cross-sectional mixed quantitative and qualitative methods study. Descriptive and inferential analysis was carried out on quantitative data to determine significant associations with cervical cancer utilization. Qualitative data were analyzed after coding for significant clauses and transcribing to determine themes arising.Results: Three hundred and twenty eight of the total 387 women enrolled reported they had been advised by their health providers to go for screening. However, only 179 (46%) reported cervical cancer screening. Women were more likely to report cervical cancer screening if recommendation by a staff was made (p <0.001), and prior to joining KNH CCC (p <0.001). Qualitatively the main barrier to screening included fear of screening due to concerns about excessive pain or bleeding, lack of proper communication on screening procedures and long waiting timeConclusions: The utilization of cervical cancer screening services was low despite high rates of health care recommendation. The women were more likely to utilize the service if recommendation from the health care worker was made, and if they had ever screened before.
The ultrasonic changes in maturing placenta in pregnancy complicated with hypertension and its correlation with neonatal outcome
Authors: Dutta Amit , Chatterjee Kripasindhu , Sen Sukanta , Ray Swapan Kumar , Mandal Pradyut Kumar , Mukhopadhyay Sima 
Published: March 2017

Background: Hypertension is the most common medical problem encountered during pregnancy, complicating 2-3% of pregnancies. Obstetric ultrasound provides a cornerstone to other modalities used for assessing hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. This study was designed to detect the placental changes in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and correlation with neonatal outcome.Methods: The study group comprised of 42 patients with pregnancy complicated with hypertension with period of gestation above 20 weeks and B.P. more than 140/90 mm of Hg measured on two occasions 6 hours or more apart. The control group consists of 42 normotensive patients matched with age and parity. One ultrasonic examination were performed between 28 weeks and 34 weeks and another after 34 weeks till term. Apart from routine parameters i.e. BPD, AC, FL, Amniotic fluid index, EBW and gestational age routine placental grading were performed according to the classification proposed by Grannum and associates. To evaluate perinatal outcome following measurement were studied – birth weight immediately after delivery, mode of delivery, perinatal morbidity and mortality , APGAR score , presence of fetal distress.Results: In 97.62% cases (41 out of 42 ) of control group showed Grade–II changes as opposed to 57.14% of cases (24 out of 42) in study group before 34 weeks.Conclusions: Accelerated maturation of placenta in pregnancy complicated with hypertension are more common in the hypertensive group.
Demokracja energetyczna - społeczeństwo jako prosument energii elektrycznej
Authors: Okraszewska Ewelina 
Published: March 2017

Celem artykułu jest przybliżenie nowego pojęcia demokracji energetycznej oraz ukazanie znaczenia społeczeństwa w rozwoju nowego systemu zielonej gospodarki, identyfikacja barier i korzyści rozwoju demokracji energetycznej, a także przedstawienie najbardziej perspektywicznych źródeł energii odnawialnej. Demokracja energetyczna to system, który pozwala na aktywne uczestnictwo obywateli danego kraju zarówno na etapie podejmowania decyzji dotyczących tworzenia modelu energetycznego gospodarki, jak i angażowania się w jego budowę, przy jednoczesnym sprawowaniu nad nim kontroli. Taka energetyka prosumencka przynosi korzyści społeczno-gospodarcze, pobudza rozwój lokalny, innowacje społeczne, a także współpracę. Zdecentralizowane systemy niosą ze sobą możliwość podziału nie tylko kosztów, ale także korzyści z OZE. Jednakże do głównych przeszkód w zakresie demokracji energetycznej należy brak odpowiednich regulacji prawnych umożliwiających jej swobodny rozwój. Ponadto, jak wynika z niniejszego artykułu, bariery stanowią również: niska świadomość społeczeństwa o korzyściach płynących z zielonych odnawialnych źródeł energii, brak wsparcia finansowego ze strony rządu, a także trudności w zmianach współczesnego systemu energetycznego opartego na źródłach konwencjonalnych. Jednakże bazowanie na doświadczeniach innych państw, np. Niemiec, które posiadają dobrze rozwinięty sektor energetyki obywatelskiej, może przynieść wiele pomocnych rozwiązań w tym obszarze. Także konsekwentnie realizowana koncepcja wsparcia dla inwestycji w odnawialne źródła energii i aktywnego udziału społeczeństwa w tym procesie może przyczynić się do odniesienia sukcesu w tej dziedzinie. Mimo iż Polska obecnie nie znajduje się wśród krajów, które są liderami w dziedzinie OZE, to wchodzi ona na dobrą drogę w stronę wzrostu udziału odnawialnych źródeł energii w całkowitej jej produkcji, jak i ograniczenia zużycia konwencjonalnych źródeł energii.