bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Vitamin B12 and Its Correlation with Dental Caries and Gingival Diseases in 10- to 14-year-old Children: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Mistry Laresh , Dhariwal Neha S , Majeed Andleeb , Badakar Chandrashekhar 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT
Aim
To assess the level of vitamin B12 and correlate it with dental caries [decayed, missing, and filled permanent teeth (DMFT) score] and gingival diseases [plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI)].

Design
Healthy children according to the inclusion criteria were selected by the computerized randomization method from a school to assess the vitamin B12 levels using Centaur/Versace machine.

Materials and methods
Blood samples were collected to assess vitamin B12 levels using automated analyzer. Oral examination was done by a single calibrated dentist. A thorough oral examination was carried out and the DMFT, PI, and GI scores of all the children were recorded and assessed. Data were analyzed using Karl Pearson's correlation test.

Results
Vitamin B12 levels were deficient in 64% of the children. In boys, vitamin B12 deficiency was found in about 76.2%, whereas, in girls it was 57.1%, which was not statistically significant. The vitamin B12 deficient children showed a significantly high DMFT scores than the children with normal vitamin B12 levels. The Pearson's correlation was –0.614 for DMFT, PI value –0.663, and GI value of –0.477. The negative correlation stated that there was a reverse relation between these indices and vitamin B12.

Conclusion
In children with systemic vitamin B12 deficiency, there is increased dental caries prevalence and associated gingival problems.

How to cite this article
Hugar SM, Dhariwal NS, Majeed A, Badakar C, Gokhale N, Mistry L. Assessment of Vitamin B12 and Its Correlation with Dental Caries and Gingival Diseases in 10- to 14-year-old Children: A Cross-sectional Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;10(2):142-146.
Rare Condition of Dens Invaginatus in a Maxillary Primary Molar and a Birooted Maxillary Primary Canine diagnosed during Routine Examination
Authors: Barbosa Brandão Eliana Costa , Aguiar Ribeiro Apoena , Alto Seabra Luciane Monte 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT
Congenital morphological dental alterations are related to the physiological phase of tooth development. Since the etiology of the dens invaginatus and supernumerary roots has yet to be fully determined, a rare presentation of dens invaginatus in a primary molar and a birooted deciduous maxillary canine were incidentally detected in routine radiographic examinations. Essential clinical considerations and treatment options are presented.
Clinical significance
This study highlights the importance of a deep and comprehensive anamnesis and clinical examination, with radiographs taken when necessary. The negligence of these stages in an initial consultation could cause irreversible future damage to the patient, since rare dental anomalies or other lesions that require treatment may not be detected.

How to cite this article
Brandão ECB, Ribeiro AA, Seabra LMA. Rare Condition of Dens Invaginatus in a Maxillary Primary Molar and a Birooted Maxillary Primary Canine diagnosed during Routine Examination. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;10(2):193-195.
Childhood Occurrence of Pemphigus
Authors: Indushekar KR , Patil Raju U , Anegundi Rajesh T , Gujjar Kumar R 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT
Pemphigus is a chronic mucocutaneous disease that initially manifests in the form of intraoral blisters which spread to other mucous membrane and skin. This study describes an unusual case of chronic generalized childhood pemphigus disease in an 11-year-old girl, who presented with multiple vesicles all over her body. Such a condition is seen more often in older people rather than children. It is crucial for dental professionals to be familiar with the diagnosis of bullous skin diseases in children and adolescents, especially in its initial stages in order to prevent the serious consequences and morbidity. The article highlights clinical presentation, histopathology, and successful management strategies useful for pediatric dental practice.
How to cite this article
Patil RU, Anegundi RT, Gujjar KR, Indushekar KR. Childhood Occurrence of Pemphigus. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;10(2):196-200.
Effect of QMix 2 in 1, BioPure MTAD and 17% Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid on Microhardness of Root Canal Dentin: An in vitro Study
Authors: Agarwal Manish , Singh Gautam , Gupta Charul , Singh Mahesh P , Singh Kunwar S , Mishra Abhishek 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

Aim
To compare the effect of QMix, a mixture of tetracycline, citric acid, and detergent (MTAD), and ethylenediaminetetracetic acid (EDTA) on the microhardness of the root canal dentin.

Materials and methods
A total of 30 single-rooted teeth were decoronated at 15 mm from the root apex. Root canal instrumen- tation using step back technique was done and the specimens were split into two halves using diamond disc. These were embedded in acrylic blocks and sent for testing by Vickers hard- ness test. The other half of the specimens was divided into four groups. Control group: In this, normal saline was used. Group I: MTAD was used. Group II: 17% EDTA was used. Group IV: QMix 2 in 1 (DENTSPLY) was used. The specimens were immersed in test irrigant for 5 minutes in closed glass plates. The tested specimens were sent for Vickers hardness test under 100 gm load for 15 seconds. The post Vickers hardness number readings were recorded and sent for statistical analysis.

Results
Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and least significant difference post hoc test was applied for pairwise comparison. QMix showed significantly less reduction in microhardness than EDTA and QMix: Normal saline > QMix>EDTA>MTAD.

Conclusion
QMix as a root canal irrigant is efficient as it caused least reduction of microhardness of dentin. It has antibacterial properties and is also efficient for smear layer removal.

How to cite this article
Gupta C, Singh G, Singh MP, Agarwal M, Singh KS, Mishra A. Effect of QMix 2 in 1, BioPure MTAD and 17% Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid on Microhardness of Root Canal Dentin: An in vitro Study. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2017;7(1):17-20.
Implants for Auricular Prosthesis
Authors: Ramkumar K , Sabarigirinathan C , Vinayagavel K , Gunasekar C , Dhanaraj M 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT
Implants are wonderful treatment option for auricular defects as it provides a retentive auricular prosthesis. Auricular defects can be rehabilitated by autogenous and prosthodontic methods. Implants provide retention of auricular prosthesis by bar and clip method and magnets. Implant used in craniofacial region differs from the one which is used in the oral cavity. The implants are shorter with flange on the top, which is a unique feature for implants used in craniofacial region. The major challenge in placing the implant is the proximity of various anatomical structures. The implants should be placed 20 mm distance to the center of the external auditory meatus in 8 and 11 o'clock positions for right side of the face and the 1 and 4 o'clock position for left side. Two implants with distance of 15 mm will be sufficient to satisfy the biomechanics. Proper planning and use of implants with retentive aids like magnet, bar, and clip will provide a satisfactory prosthesis.

How to cite this article
Ramkumar K, Sabarigirinathan C, Vinayagavel K, Gunasekar C, Dhanaraj M. Implants for Auricular Prosthesis. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2017;7(1):25-29.
Endodontic Management of a Rare Anatomic Variation of Radix Entomolaris in Mandibular First and Second Molar using Cone-beam Computed Tomography as a Diagnostic Aid
Authors: Agarwal Manish , Singh Mahesh P , Qureshi Rizwan , Singh Santosh K , Sharma Kriti 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT
Radix entomolaris (RE) is the presence of an extra root in the lingual aspect of the mandibular molars. This is a rare anatomic variant, prevalence of which ranges between 5.96 and 6.67% in the Indian population. For a successful endodontic management, detection of these extra roots is important. In conventional radiography, these extra roots tend to be overlapped; thus, cone- beam computed tomography (CBCT) provides a noninvasive technique to study the internal and external anatomy and aids in proper detection. The endodontic treatment of RE requires some modifications in the endodontic treatment as compared with the common two-rooted anatomic variant. This article presents a clinical case report of successful detection and endodontic man- agement of mandibular first and second molar with extralingual root using CBCT as a diagnostic tool. This case report involves the endodontic treatment and presence of extra roots in both the mandibular first molar and second molar simultaneously in a single patient of Indian origin, which is a rare finding and has not been reported in endodontic literature till date.

How to cite this article
Qureshi R, Agarwal M, Singh MP, Singh SK, Sharma K. Endodontic Management of a Rare Ana- tomic Variation of Radix Entomolaris in Mandibular First and Second Molar using Cone-beam Computed Tomography as a Diagnostic Aid. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2017;7(1):30-33.
Endodontic Management of Pathologic Root Resorption using EndoSeal Mineral Trioxide Aggregate
Authors: Agarwal Manish , Singh Mahesh P , Singh Santosh K , Wadhwani Shefali 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT
Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) has emerged as a reliable bioactive material with extended applications in endodontics that includes the obturation of the root canal space. Recently, introduced sealers based on MTA have been reported to be biocompatible, also to stimulate mineralization and encourage apatite-like crystalline deposits along the apical and middle third of the canal walls. This article examines the literature supporting EndoSeal MTA (MARUCHI, Wonju, Korea) as a root canal sealer, suggests method for its delivery and placement, and presents a case report that demonstrates its effectiveness in resolving a chronic periapical lesion.

How to cite this article
Wadhwani S, Singh MP, Agarwal M, Singh SK. Endodontic Management of Pathologic Root Resorption using EndoSeal Mineral Trioxide Aggregate. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2017;7(1):34-37.
The Effect of Periogen Solution on Dental Calculus in vitro: A Pilot Study
Authors: Radnai Marta , Rajnics Zsolt 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Calculus can accommodate teeth and prosthetic restorations when the patient's oral hygiene is poor. Hardened calculus cannot be removed by patients, it needs professional cleaning using ultrasonic scaler or hand instrument. Solutions dissolving and preventing accumulation of dental calculus may help to keep dentures clean. The aim of this investigation was to examine the effect of Periogen on dental calculus in vitro.

Materials and methods
Calculus was collected via scaling from patients during a routine dental checkup. The samples were stored in carbamide peroxide solution (5%) for 24 hours, then rinsed and stored in distilled water. First, the Ca2+ content of the calculus was determined by photometric method after treating with cc. hydrochloric acid solution for 1 hour. The calculus samples were put in Periogen solution, prepared according to manufacturer's instruction for 16 hours, then crushed and put in Periogen solution with the same concentrate for 4.5 hours. The Ca2+ dissolved from calculus was measured using same photometric method.

Results
Calculus samples contained 26 mg/100 mg Ca2+, which is similar to dentin (27–28 mg/100 mg) and to enamel (36 mg/100 mg). The Ca2+ dissolved from calculus after treating with cc. hydrochloric acid for 1 hour was considered 100%. Ca2+ dissolution was 1.5% after 16 hours (0.09%/h) and 5.45% (1.21%/h) for the next 4.5 hours after pulverizing the sample. This showed Periogen Ca2+ dissolution was 385 µg/100 mg after 16 hours direct contact with the material.

Conclusion
The experiment showed that pulverizing the previously hard calculus was done easily after soaking it in Periogen. The ability of Periogen to soften the calculus needs to be further investigated.

How to cite this article
Rajnics Z, Radnai M. The Effect of Periogen Solution on Dental Calculus in vitro: A Pilot Study. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2017;6(1):33-34.
Ligature Guide for Implant Placement
Authors: Durgekar Sujala G 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTAimPlanning an anchorage requirements of a case for effecient biomechanics is one of the important step in success of treatment outcomes. There are many means to reinforce anchorage. Since last decade, use of mini implants for absolute anchorage has gained popularity which does not depend on pateint compliance. Precise positioning of mini-implant is a key for success of absolute anchorage system. We have devised a simple guide made up of ligature wire, which is a useful tool for an accurate implant placement. The proposed implant guide is a useful aid for accurate placement of implant, which minimizes chances of root damage.BackgroundPrecise positioning of mini-implant is of paramount importance for success of absolute anchorage system.How to cite this articleDurgekar SG. Ligature Guide for Implant Placement. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2017;6(1):51-53.
Orthogonal Plating of Vancouver B1 and C-Type Periprosthetic Femur Fracture Nonunions
Authors: Birch Christopher E. , Blankstein Michael , Chlebeck Jesse D. , Bartlett 3rd Craig S. 
Published: June 2017

Background Periprosthetic femoral shaft fractures are a significant complication after total hip arthroplasty (THA). Plate osteosynthesis has been the mainstay of treatment around well-fixed stems. Nonunions are a rare and challenging complication of this fixation method. We report the outcomes of a novel orthogonal plating surgical technique for Vancouver B1 and C-type periprosthetic fractures that previously failed open reduction internal fixation (ORIF). Methods A retrospective review identified all patients with Vancouver B1/C THA periprosthetic femoral nonunions from 2010 to 2015. Exclusion criteria included open fractures and periprosthetic infections. The technique utilised a mechanobiologic strategy of atraumatic exposure, resection of necrotic tissue, bone grafting with adjuvant bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and revision open reduction internal fixation with orthogonal plate osteosynthesis. Results 6 Vancouver B1/C periprosthetic femoral nonunions were treated. 5 patients were female with an average age of 80.3 years (range 72-91 years). The fractures occurred at a mean of 5.8 years (range 1-10 years) from their initial arthroplasty procedure. No patients underwent further revision surgery; there were no perioperative complications. All patients had a minimum of 11 months follow-up (mean 18.6, range 11-36 months). All fractures achieved osseous union, defined as solid bridging callus over at least 2 cortices and pain free, independent ambulation, at an average of 24.4 weeks (range 6.1-39.7 weeks). Conclusions This is the 1st series describing orthogonal locked compression plating using modern implants for periprosthetic femoral nonunions. This technique should be considered in periprosthetic femur fracture nonunions around a well-fixed stem.
Wear of XLPE Liner against Zirconium Heads in Cementless Total Hip Arthroplasty for Patients under 40 Years of Age
Authors: Sonohata Motoki , Kitajima Masaru , Kawano Shunsuke , Mawatari Masaaki 
Published: June 2017

Introduction Total hip arthroplasty (THA) in the young is challenging. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively determine the clinical, radiographic, and polyethylene wear rate of relatively young patients. Methods We evaluated the outcome of consecutive patients receiving primary THA who were under 40 years of age with a minimum 10-year follow-up. Indications for THA in these patients were osteoarthritis due to developmental dysplasia of the hip joint (9 hips), osteonecrosis of the femoral head (7 hips), juvenile idiopathic arthritis (2 hips), and osteoarthritis due to Perthes disease (1 hip). All THA were performed with a cross-linked ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (XLPE) liner against zirconium heads with cementless implants. Results The average Japanese Orthopaedic Association hip score significantly improved from 42 to 93 points at the latest follow-up. The mean steady wear was 0.015 mm/year (maximum 0.033 mm/year), and the mean creep wear was 0.111 mm (maximum 0.4 mm). Osteolysis was observed around 1 acetabular component and 2 stems. 1 femoral component had subsidence over 5 mm. All of the femoral components achieved fixation with an optimal interface with spot welds at the latest follow-up. Stress shielding was observed in all hips. Conclusions THA using an XLPE liner against zirconium heads appeared to have improved THA longevity. However, the imaging findings in some cases were suggestive of wear debris. A rigorous continual follow-up is required for relatively young patients undergoing THA.
Risk factors for mid-term revision surgery in patients with articular surface replacement total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Donahue Gabrielle S. , Lindgren Viktor , Galea Vincent P. , Madanat Rami , Muratoglu Orhun K. , Malchau Henrik 
Published: June 2017

Introduction: This study assessed the associations between gender and implant survival, as well as adverse local tissue reaction (ALTR), in patients with articular surface replacement (ASR) XL total hip arthroplasty (THA). Secondly, we sought to report the differences between genders in metal ion levels and patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) in these patients. Methods: 563 unilateral ASR XL THA patients were enrolled in a multicentre follow-up study at a mean of 6.4 years after index surgery. All patients had blood metal ion levels and PROMs obtained annually, and a valid anteroposterior pelvis radiograph. A sub-set of patients from a single centre had annual MRI performed and were analysed for the presence of moderate-to-severe ALTR. Results: 60 hips (11%) were revised during the study period. The only variables found to be associated with revision surgery in patients with unilateral THA were VAS pain (hazard ratio [HR], 1.35; p<0.001) and elevated cobalt metal ion levels (HR, 1.05; p<0.001). No variables assessed were found to be associated with prevalence of ALTR. Chromium concentrations were greater in female patients than males, while cobalt levels were similar between genders. Males reported higher HHS, EQ-5D and UCLA scores than females. Conclusions: Both males and females with metal-on-metal THA implants should be followed with equal vigilance as gender does not appear to be associated with poor outcomes, such as revision surgery and presence of ALTR.
Bernard Shaw's Dionysian Trilogy: Reworkings of Gilbert Murray's Translation of Euripides's Bacchae in Major Barbara, Misalliance, and Heartbreak House
Authors: Gahan Peter 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT
This article outlines how Bernard Shaw reworks elements from Gilbert Murray's translation of Euripides's Bacchae in Major Barbara (1905), Misalliance (1909/10), and Heartbreak House (1916/17), which taken together constitute a Dionysian trilogy. The article further proposes that the Greek example, and especially the Dionysian with its religious implications as propounded by Murray, was crucial to several aspects of Shaw's writing including his politics and economics of equality and his philosophy of a life force, while he himself represented the Dionysian zeitgeist socially, politically, and culturally for that younger generation soon to be decimated in the Great War. This Dionysian Shaw is recognized, as his contemporaries viewed him, as the leading figure in pre–World War I Britain of that first wave of literary modernism, whose impact has been obscured by the better known, perhaps more aesthetically radical, if more politically conservative postwar second wave.
Onherstelbaar onrecht
Authors: Pemberton Antony , Oudejans Nanda 
Published: June 2017

Irreparable injustice An exploration of the relationship between justice and injustice
In this article the authors reflect upon Judith Shklar’s classic book The Faces of Injustice. They maintain that injustice is wrongly confined to the absence or counterpart of justice. The authors discuss the relationship between and the difference between injustice and justice. According to the authors, injustice has more intensity than justice. Legal rules have only limited power to fight extreme forms of injustice. They argue that there is an asymmetry between justice and injustice, also because the law introduces values as predictability and regularity that, in concrete situations, are badly equipped to eliminate injustice. They claim that injustice is rooted in the idiosyncratic perspectives of those who suffered harm and argue that injustice has a ‘playful’ character, while the law has the character of a game. Finally, they argue that injustice is at the core an intimate experience, whereas justice is primarily about relationships between people. The authors outline the implications of these points for thinking about restoration and the relationship between restoration processes and the law.
Marine redox stratification during the early Cambrian (ca. 529‐509 Ma) and its control on the development of organic‐rich shales in Yangtze Platform
Authors: Zhang Yuying , He Zhiliang , Jiang Shu , Gao Bo , Liu Zhongbao , Han Bo , Wang Hu 
Published: June 2017

AbstractHigh resolution geochemical data from nine sections representing shelf to basinal environments in the Yangtze Platform were analyzed to reconstruct the marine redox environment during early Cambrian. Based on Fe species and Mo/TOC ratios, we have supplemented marine redox stratification during Stage 4 (late Canglangpuian‐Longwangmiaoan, ∼514‐509 Ma) on basis of the previously studied Stage 2‐Stage 3 (Meishucunian‐Qiongzhusian, ∼529‐514 Ma). A new proposed marine stratified redox model indicates that the middepth “euxinic wedge” developed at the base of slope during ∼514‐509 Ma in contrast to that the “euxinic wedge” prevailed at the shelf margin during ∼529‐514 Ma, even though these middepth euxinic waters both occurred between the oxic surface waters and ferruginous deep waters. This marine redox stratification resulted in high production and good preservation of organic matter during early Cambrian. TOC values in euxinic waters in the middle are generally higher than in ferruginous waters due to upwelling in slope. Therefore, the lower Cambrian organic‐rich shales in the Yangtze Platform are inferred to be deposited under the anoxic‐ferruginous and euxinic bottom waters with moderate‐strong restriction.
Radar observations of thermal plasma oscillations in the ionosphere
Authors: Vierinen Juha , Gustavsson Björn , Hysell David L. , Sulzer Michael P. , Perillat Phil , Kudeki Erhan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIncoherent scatter radar observations of ionospheric plasmas rely on echoes from electron density fluctuations with properties governed by the dispersion relations for ion acoustic and Langmuir waves. Radar observations of echoes associated with Langmuir waves (plasma lines) from thermal plasma are weak, and only a few near‐thermal level measurements have been reported. Plasma line echoes are typically only observed with existing radars only when the Langmuir waves are enhanced by suprathermal electrons. A new observation technique has been developed which is sensitive enough to allow observations of these echoes without the presence of suprathermal electrons up to at least 1000 km. This paper presents recent observations from the Arecibo Observatory 430 MHz incoherent scatter radar which show plasma line echoes during the night when no suprathermal enhancement is expected to be present. The observations are compared with theory, and the results are found to be in agreement with classical incoherent scatter theory for thermal plasmas. The theoretical ratio of the ion line and plasma line power spectral density is within approximately 3 dB of the predicted value. The finding adds a new observational capability, allowing electron density to also be observed at night using the plasma line well into the top side of the ionosphere, increasing the accuracy of the electron density measurement.