bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SOUTH GALACTIC CAP u-BAND SKY SURVEY (SCUSS): DATA RELEASE
Authors: Zou Hu , Zhou Xu , Jiang Zhaoji , Peng Xiyan , Fan Dongwei , Fan Xiaohui , Fan Zhou , He Boliang , Jing Yipeng , Lesser Michael , Li Cheng , Ma Jun , Nie Jundan , Shen Shiyin , Wang Jiali , Wu Zhenyu , Zhang Tianmeng , Zhou Zhimin 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
The South Galactic Cap u-band Sky Survey (SCUSS) is a deep u-band imaging survey in the south Galactic cap using the 2.3 m Bok telescope. The survey observations were completed at the end of 2013, covering an area of about 5000 square degrees. We release the data in the region with an area of about 4000 deg2 that is mostly covered by the Sloan digital sky survey. The data products contain calibrated single-epoch images, stacked images, photometric catalogs, and a catalog of star proper motions derived by Peng et al. The median seeing and magnitude limit (5σ) are about 2.″0 and 23.2 mag, respectively. There are about 8 million objects having measurements of absolute proper motions. All the data and related documentations can be accessed through the SCUSS data release website http://batc.bao.ac.cn/Uband/data.html.
A LUMINOUS YELLOW POST-AGB STAR IN THE GALACTIC GLOBULAR CLUSTER M79*
Authors: Bond Howard E. , Ciardullo Robin , Siegel Michael H. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
We report the discovery of a luminous F-type post-asymptotic-giant-branch (PAGB) star in the Galactic globular cluster (GC) M79 (NGC 1904). At visual apparent and absolute magnitudes of

and

, this “yellow” PAGB star is by a small margin the visually brightest star known in any GC. It was identified using CCD observations in the uBVI photometric system, which is optimized to detect stars with large Balmer discontinuities, indicative of very low surface gravities. Follow-up observations with the SMARTS 1.3 and 1.5 m telescopes show that the star is not variable in light or radial velocity, and that its velocity is consistent with cluster membership. Near- and mid-infrared observations with 2MASS and WISE show no evidence for circumstellar dust. We argue that a sharp upper limit to the luminosity function exists for yellow PAGB stars in old populations, making them excellent candidates for Population II standard candles, which are four magnitudes brighter than RR Lyrae variables. Their luminosities are consistent with the stars being in a PAGB evolutionary phase, with core masses of

. We also detected four very hot stars lying above the horizontal branch (“AGB-manqué” stars); along with the PAGB star, they are the brightest objects in M79 in the near-ultraviolet. In the Appendix, we give periods and light curves for five variables in M79: three RR Lyrae stars, a Type II Cepheid, and a semiregular variable.
CARBON DIOXIDE IN EXOPLANETARY ATMOSPHERES: RARELY DOMINANT COMPARED TO CARBON MONOXIDE AND WATER IN HOT, HYDROGEN-DOMINATED ATMOSPHERES
Authors: Heng Kevin , Lyons James R. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
We present a comprehensive study of the abundance of carbon dioxide in exoplanetary atmospheres in hot, hydrogen-dominated atmospheres. We construct novel analytical models of systems in chemical equilibrium that include carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, water, methane and acetylene and relate the equilibrium constants of the chemical reactions to temperature and pressure via the tabulated Gibbs free energies. We prove that such chemical systems may be described by a quintic equation for the mixing ratio of methane. By examining the abundances of these molecules across a broad range of temperatures (spanning equilibrium temperatures from 600 to 2500 K), pressures (via temperature–pressure profiles that explore albedo and opacity variations) and carbon-to-oxygen ratios, we conclude that carbon dioxide is subdominant compared to carbon monoxide and water. Atmospheric mixing does not alter this conclusion if carbon dioxide is subdominant everywhere in the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide may attain comparable abundances if the metallicity is greatly enhanced, but this property is negated by temperatures above 1000 K. For hydrogen-dominated atmospheres, our generic result has the implication that retrieval studies may wish to set the subdominance of carbon dioxide as a prior of the calculation and not let its abundance completely roam free as a fitting parameter, because it directly affects the inferred value of the carbon-to-oxygen ratio and may produce unphysical conclusions. We discuss the relevance of these implications for the hot Jupiter WASP-12b and suggest that some of the previous results are chemically impossible. The relative abundance of carbon dioxide to acetylene is potentially a sensitive diagnostic of the carbon-to-oxygen ratio.
RAPID DECREASING IN THE ORBITAL PERIOD OF THE DETACHED WHITE DWARF–MAIN SEQUENCE BINARY SDSS J143547.87+373338.5
Authors: Qian S.-B. , Han Z.-T. , Soonthornthum B. , Zhu L.-Y. , He J.-J. , Rattanasoon S. , Aukkaravittayapun S. , Liao W.-P. , Zhao E.-G. , Zhang J. , Lajús E. Fernández 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
SDSS J143547.87+373338.5 is a detached eclipsing binary that contains a white dwarf with a mass of 0.5 M
⊙ and a fully convective star with a mass of 0.21 M
⊙. The eclipsing binary was monitored photometrically from 2009 March 24 to 2015 April 10, by using two 2.4-m telescopes in China and in Thailand. The changes in the orbital period are analyzed based on eight newly determined eclipse times together with those compiled from the literature. It is found that the observed–calculated (O–C) diagram shows a downward parabolic change that reveals a continuous period decrease at a rate of

s s−1. According to the standard theory of cataclysmic variables, angular momentum loss (AML) via magnetic braking (MB) is stopped for fully convective stars. However, this period decrease is too large to be caused by AML via gravitational radiation (GR), indicating that there could be some extra source of AML beyond GR, but the predicted mass-loss rates from MB seem unrealistically large. The other possibility is that the O–C diagram may show a cyclic oscillation with a period of 7.72 years and a small amplitude of 0.ͩ000525. The cyclic change can be explained as the light-travel-time effect via the presence of a third body because the required energy for the magnetic activity cycle is much larger than that radiated from the secondary in a whole cycle. The mass of the potential third body is determined to be

M
⊙ when a total mass of 0.71 M
⊙ for SDSS J143547.87+373338.5 is adopted. For orbital inclinations

, it would be below the stable hydrogen-burning limit of M
3 ∼ 0.072 M
⊙, and thus the third body would be a brown dwarf.
THE EVOLUTION AND IMPACTS OF MAGNETOROTATIONAL INSTABILITY IN MAGNETIZED CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE
Authors: Sawai Hidetomo , Yamada Shoichi 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
We carried out two-dimensional axisymmetric MHD simulations of core-collapse supernovae for rapidly rotating magnetized progenitors. By changing both the strength of the magnetic field and the spatial resolution, the evolution of the magnetorotational instability (MRI) and its impacts upon the dynamics are investigated. We found that the MRI greatly amplifies the seed magnetic fields in the regime where the buoyant mode, not the Alfvén mode, plays a primary role in the exponential growth phase. The MRI indeed has a powerful impact on the supernova dynamics. It makes the shock expansion faster and the explosion more energetic, with some models being accompanied by the collimated jet formations. These effects, however, are not made by the magnetic pressure except for the collimated jet formations. The angular momentum transfer induced by the MRI causes the expansion of the heating region, by which the accreting matter gain additional time to be heated by neutrinos. The MRI also drifts low-Y

p
matter from deep inside of the core to the heating region, which makes the net neutrino heating rate larger by the reduction of the cooling due to the electron capture. These two effects enhance the efficiency of the neutrino heating, which is found to be the key to boosting the explosion. Indeed, we found that our models explode far more weakly when the net neutrino heating is switched off. The contribution of the neutrino heating to the explosion energy could reach 60% even in the case of strongest magnetic field in the current simulations.
ON THE SPIN OF THE BLACK HOLE IN IC 10 X–1
Authors: Steiner James F. , Walton Dominic J. , García Javier A. , McClintock Jeffrey E. , Laycock Silas G. T. , Middleton Matthew J. , Barnard Robin , Madsen Kristin K. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
The compact X-ray source in the eclipsing X-ray binary IC 10 X–1 has reigned for years as ostensibly the most massive stellar-mass black hole, with a mass estimated to be about twice that of its closest rival. However, striking results presented recently by Laycock et al. reveal that the mass estimate, based on emission-line velocities, is unreliable and that the mass of the X-ray source is essentially unconstrained. Using Chandra and NuSTAR data, we rule against a neutron-star model and conclude that IC 10 X–1 contains a black hole. The eclipse duration of IC 10 X–1 is shorter and its depth shallower at higher energies, an effect consistent with the X-ray emission being obscured during eclipse by a Compton-thick core of a dense wind. The spectrum is strongly disk-dominated, which allows us to constrain the spin of the black hole via X-ray continuum fitting. Three other wind-fed black hole systems are known; the masses and spins of their black holes are high:

and

. If the mass of IC 10 X–1's black hole is comparable, then its spin is likewise high.
THE CANDIDATE CLUSTER AND PROTOCLUSTER CATALOG (CCPC) OF SPECTROSCOPICALLY IDENTIFIED STRUCTURES SPANNING 2.74 < z < 3.71
Authors: Franck J. R. , McGaugh S. S. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
We developed a search methodology to identify galaxy protoclusters at

and implemented it on a sample of ∼14,000 galaxies with previously measured redshifts. The results of this search are recorded in the Candidate Cluster and Protocluster Catalog (CCPC). The catalog contains 12 clusters that are highly significant overdensities (

), 6 of which were previously known. We also identify another 31 candidate protoclusters (including four previously identified structures) of lower overdensities. CCPC systems vary over a wide range of physical sizes and shapes, from small, compact groups to large, extended, and filamentary collections of galaxies. This variety persists in the range from z = 3.71 to z = 2.74. These structures exist as galaxy overdensities (

) with a mean value of 2, similar to the values found for other protoclusters in the literature. The median number of galaxies for CCPC systems is 11. Virial mass estimates are large for these redshifts, with 13 cases apparently having

. If these systems are virialized, such masses would pose a challenge to ΛCDM.
Cutting Edge: The RIG-I Ligand 3pRNA Potently Improves CTL Cross-Priming and Facilitates Antiviral Vaccination
Authors: Hochheiser Katharina , Klein Marika , Gottschalk Catherine , Hoss Florian , Scheu Stefanie , Coch Christoph , Hartmann Gunther , Kurts Christian 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Protective immunity against intracellular pathogens involves the induction of robust CTL responses. Vaccination with protein Ags establishes such responses only when combined with immune-stimulatory adjuvants. In this study, we compared different adjuvants and identified triphosphate RNA (3pRNA) as especially effective at inducing CTL responses. 3pRNA sensing required IPS-1/MAVS signaling and induced type I IFN in plasmacytoid dendritic cells and macrophages, with the latter being more important for the adjuvant effect. Type I IFN acted on CD11c+ cells, especially on CD8α+ Batf3-dependent dendritic cells. Vaccination with OVA in combination with 3pRNA protected mice from a subsequent OVA-encoding adenovirus infection in a CD8+ cell–dependent manner and more efficiently than other adjuvants. In summary, 3pRNA is a superior adjuvant for CTL activation and might be useful to facilitate antiviral immunization strategies.
Chronically Elevated Levels of Short-Chain Fatty Acids Induce T Cell–Mediated Ureteritis and Hydronephrosis
Authors: Park Jeongho , Goergen Craig J. , HogenEsch Harm , Kim Chang H. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are major products of gut microbial fermentation and profoundly affect host health and disease. SCFAs generate IL-10+ regulatory T cells, which may promote immune tolerance. However, SCFAs can also induce Th1 and Th17 cells upon immunological challenges and, therefore, also have the potential to induce inflammatory responses. Because of the seemingly paradoxical SCFA activities in regulating T cells, we investigated, in depth, the impact of elevated SCFA levels on T cells and tissue inflammation in mice. Orally administered SCFAs induced effector (Th1 and Th17) and regulatory T cells in ureter and kidney tissues, and they induced T cell–mediated ureteritis, leading to kidney hydronephrosis (hereafter called acetate-induced renal disease, or C2RD). Kidney hydronephrosis in C2RD was caused by ureteral obstruction, which was, in turn, induced by SCFA-induced inflammation in the ureteropelvic junction and proximal ureter. Oral administration of all major SCFAs, such as acetate, propionate, and butyrate, induced the disease. We found that C2RD development is dependent on mammalian target of rapamycin activation, T cell–derived inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-γ and IL-17, and gut microbiota. Young or male animals were more susceptible than old or female animals, respectively. However, SCFA receptor (GPR41 or GPR43) deficiency did not affect C2RD development. Thus, SCFAs, when systemically administered at levels higher than physiological levels, cause dysregulated T cell responses and tissue inflammation in the renal system. The results provide insights into the immunological and pathological effects of chronically elevated SCFAs.
SERUM TOTAL BILIRUBIN, NOT CHOLELITHIASIS, IS INFLUENCED BY UGT1A1 POLYMORPHISM, ALPHA THALASSEMIA AND S GENOTYPE: FIRST REPORT ON COMPARISON BETWEEN ARAB-INDIAN AND AFRICAN S GENES
Authors: ALkindi Said Y , Pathare Anil , Alkindi Salam 
Published: January 2016

Background: We explored the potential relationship between steady state serum bilirubin levels and the incidence of cholelithiasis in the context of UGT1A1 gene A(TA)nTAA promoter polymorphism in Omani sickle cell anemia (SCA) patients, homozygotes for African (Benin and Bantu) and Arab-Indian bS haplotypes, but sharing the same microgeographical environment and comparable life style factors. Methods: 136 SCA patients were retrospectively studied in whom imaging data including abdominal CT scan, MRI or Ultrasonography was routinely available. Available data on the mean steady state hematological/biochemical parameters (n=136), bs haplotypes(n=136), a globin gene status (n=105) and UGT1A1 genotypes(n=133) were reviewed from the respective medical records. Results: The mean serum total bilirubin level was significantly higher in the homozygous UGT1A1(AT)7 group as compared to UGT1A1(AT)6 group. Strikingly, cholelithiasis was not influenced by age, gender, alpha globin genotype or bS haplotypes in this SCA cohort. Conclusion: As observed in other population groups, the UGT1A1 (AT)7 homozygosity was significantly associated with raised serum total bilirubin level, but the prevalence of gallstones in the Omani SCA patients was not associated with a thalassaemia, UGT1A1 polymorphism, or bs haplotypes.
The improvement of soil thermodynamics and its effects on land surface meteorology in the IPSL climate model
Authors: Wang F. , Cheruy F. , Dufresne J.-L. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract. This paper describes the implementation of an improved soil thermodynamics in the hydrological module of Earth system model (ESM) developed at the Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL) and its effects on land surface meteorology in the IPSL climate model. A common vertical discretization scheme for the soil moisture and for the soil temperature is adopted. In addition to the heat conduction process, the heat transported by liquid water into the soil is modeled. The thermal conductivity and the heat capacity are parameterized as a function of the soil moisture and the texture. Preliminary tests are performed in an idealized 1-D (one-dimensional) framework and the full model is then evaluated in the coupled land–atmospheric module of the IPSL ESM. A nudging approach is used in order to avoid the time-consuming long-term simulations required to account for the natural variability of the climate. Thanks to this nudging approach, the effects of the modified parameterizations can be modeled. The dependence of the soil thermal properties on moisture and texture lead to the most significant changes in the surface energy budget and in the surface temperature, with the strongest effects on the surface energy budget taking place over dry areas and during the night. This has important consequences on the mean surface temperature over dry areas and during the night and on its short-term variability. The parameterization of the soil thermal properties could therefore explain some of the temperature biases and part of the dispersion over dry areas in simulations of extreme events such as heat waves in state-of-the-art climate models.
Beyond Science and Hysteria: Reality and Perceptions of Environmental Justice Concerns Surrounding Marcellus and Utica Shale Gas Development
Authors: Eisenberg Ann M. 
Published: January 2016

The debate surrounding the use of hydraulic fracturing (also known as “fracking” or “HF”) to extract natural gas from the Marcellus and Utica shale deposits is often characterized as a tension between economic development and environmental risks. But frequently missing from this dichotomy is the fact that the concerns of many who oppose HF use extend beyond the purely “environmental,” and also include concerns about issues such as “the natural resource curse” and losing autonomy. These concerns ring of “environmental justice” rather than “environmentalism.” Environmental justice espouses the belief that no group should bear disproportionate environmental consequences resulting from industrial activity, and that people affected by industrial activity should be meaningfully involved in implementation. Although some federal and state policies acknowledge principles of environmental justice, it has yet to be meaningfully incorporated into any legal framework in the United States.This Article argues that a nuanced characterization of the HF controversy should include a more robust discussion of both environmental justice and discourse in order to account for the inordinate burden residents of Appalachia have historically borne in fossil fuel production. Part I examines relevant regional economic and social dynamics, including the natural resource curse, Appalachia’s unique vulnerabilities, efforts to portray opponents of shale gas development as “anti-science,” and the environmental justice movement’s relationship to extractive industries. Part II reviews the use of modern HF technology and applicable legal frameworks in West Virginia, Pennsylvania, Ohio, and New York. Part III argues that across Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia, environmental justice issues have arisen from shale gas development, including problems stemming from information asymmetries, power asymmetries, and limited access to justice. In Part IV, the Article argues that the “anti-science” portrayal of shale gas opponents is unjustified, and that such “discourse-framing” obfuscates the actual costs and limitations on benefits of HF use, and thus, becomes an environmental justice issue itself. Part IV also argues that environmental justice concerns shaped public sentiment in New York, and that the resulting “moral outrage” added to New York’s policy decision to ban HF altogether. In Part V, the Article suggests that ideas which transcend the study of “moral outrage”/risk assessment and environmental justice advocacy may offer a way forward.
‘Dissenting opinions’ in religiezaken voor het Europees Hof (I)
Authors: van Bijsterveld Sophie 
Published: January 2016

Dissenting opinions in religion cases in the rulings of the Grand Chamber of the European Court of Human Rights
Religion cases of the European Court of Human Rights are much commented on. A systematic analysis of dissenting opinions in religion cases, however, does not exist. Such analysis can shed light on dividing lines within the ECtHR and deepen our understanding of the methods of reasoning of the ECtHR itself. This article contains analysis of dissenting opinions in the rulings of the Grand Chamber in religion cases. The analysis shows a pattern in the dividing lines. Contrary to the prior expectation, the margin of appreciation as such forms no such dividing line. The article discusses and evaluates the findings.
Het nationaalsocialisme en de maatschappelijke zorg vanuit de kerken 1940-1945
Authors: Koolen Ben 
Published: January 2016

Nazism and ecclesiastical social work 1940-1945
Some months after the German occupation of the Netherlands, the Reichskommissar inroduced a Germanlike system of collecting finances for the poor people, soon followd by an equal system of social work. These initiatives at the same time aimed at urge the national-socialistic ideology, as such dismissed by the society and the churches. The occupying authorities avoided a clash with the churches.
Theologie, universiteit en kerk
Authors: Immink Gerrit 
Published: January 2016

Theology, University and the Church. The Status of Theology at Dutch Universities
The Dutch universities founded in the 16th and 17th century were public state universities with theological faculties. During the 19th century the debate about the status of theology as an academic discipline resulted in the so-called duplex ordo arrangement: the public state university followed the design of religious studies and the ‘ecclesial chairs’ in the university (systematic and practical theology) followed a Christian perspective. In the last two decades a major shift has taken place: many faculties of theology were closed and new arrangements for the academic education of the ministry were created. This article describes these developments.
Ruimte voor religie
Authors: Fraanje Rien 
Published: January 2016

Space for religion. Liberal and christian-social arguments for the presence of religion in public square
The American philosopher Martha Nussbaum and the former Archbishop of the Anglican Church Rowan Williams both published a book three years ago pleading for room for religion in the public arena. Nussbaum makes use of, mainly, liberal arguments, whereas Williams has drenched his argument with Christian-social notions such as pluriformity, sovereignty and human connectedness. Nussbaum, on the one hand, argues that religious arguments must not be banished from the public arena. Williams, on the other hand, holds that religious arguments and stories must be heard in the public arena. Nussbaum offers clues for christian-social political parties to connect with secular parties that claim to liberal.
New Methods for the Analysis of Water-Soluble Vitamins in Infant Formula and Adult/Pediatric Nutritionals
Authors: Martin Frederic , Giménez Ester Campos , Konings Erik 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Water-soluble vitamins (WSVs) are a group of organic compounds which are essential micronutrients. WSVs could be divided between the B complex group and vitamin C (l-ascorbic acid). Within the B complex group, eight vitamins are recognized: vitamins B1 (thiamin), B2 (riboflavin), B3 (niacin or niacinamide), B5 (pantothenic acid), B6 (pyridoxine, pyridoxal, or pyridoxamine), B7 (biotin), B9 (folic acid), and B12 (various cobalamins). This paper reviews the new methods for the analysis of these vitamins, with a focus on infant formula and adult nutritionals.