bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Downdraft Gasifier for Oil Palm Empty Bunches with Computational Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Naryanto Rizqi Fitri , Pratama Dafa Oktaditya , Delimayanti Mera Kartika , Karnowo  , Saputro Danang Dwi , Setiyawan Andri , Darsono Febri Budi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The demand for palm oil increases every year and this condition proportional to the increase in waste from the manufacture of palm oil. Therefore, this study aims to determine the potential of empty palm fruit bunches to be used as renewable energy. This research simulated Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) gasification with empty oil palm fruit bunches using a downdraft gasifier, then simulated with three variations of air flow rates. This is done because the air flow rate is very influential on the temperature and gasification results. The best and uniform variation was obtained at a water flow rate of 25 L/min with a resulting temperature of 28 °C to 957 °C and with an even temperature coverage in the reactor. Then in this study the syngas H2, CO, CO2 and CH4 were obtained which were not evenly distributed in the reactor at all variations of air flow rate, and for the acquisition of syngas H2, CO, CO2 and CH4 the most were obtained at variations of air flow rate of 25 L/min.
Theoretical background and results of a study on changes in oil alkalinity of diesel engines
Authors: Musurmanov Ravshan , Utaev Sobir , Turaev Abdugani 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Alkalinity is a primary indicator for neutralizing insoluble impurities in oil. Alkaline additives decrease as oils interact with fuel combustion products containing significant amounts of sulfur and nitrogen. Literature data suggests that adding 2-3% of an effective ashless dispersant of a specified type can be equivalent to increasing the alkaline number of the oil by approximately 10 mg KOH/g through the addition of a metal-alkalinity additive to the oil. Based on operational study results, it can be concluded that after the first 100 hours of operation, the alkalinity value ranges from 6-4.3 mg KOH/g, and after 300 hours of operation, the alkalinity value reaches its maximum value of 2 mg KOH/g. Oils with an alkalinity of less than 2 mg KOH/g already indicate an unsatisfactory condition of the oil when lubricating the engine. To maintain the alkalinity value at a given level, it is recommended to continuously introduce tribomechanical stabilizers into the engine lubrication system.
Use of wide-width tractor units in cotton growing
Authors: Tukhtabayev M , Soliev H , Isokova Z 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The article provides information on recommended traction and power balances of a cotton tractor used in sowing and cultivating 8 rows in growing of cotton seeded at 60 cm row spacing. The purpose of the research is to solve problem of aggregation of sowing and cotton cultivators with four-wheeled tractors and increase their operational-technological and technical-economic performance. According to it, conditions for aggregation of processing units with a tractor are given. The results of scientific and practical research and testing to determine and evaluate performance of machine-tractor units consisting of inter row spacing sowing and cultivators with four-wheel tractors were obtained and analyzed. The dynamics of a tractor in which all bridges are leading and moving forward at a constant speed along a sloping plane are studied. The result is traction balance equation that represents the total traction force of tractor. In particular, the issue of selection and rational aggregation of a tractor model that can be rationally aggregated with a Case-1200 pneumatic seeder has been resolved. It is determined the range of changes the traction resistance and power required to overcome it, the operating weight of tractor, mass and effective power of the Case-1200 seeder.
Some solutions to improve the efficiency and environmental safety of reservoir use
Authors: Khojiyev Aliakbar , Yuldasheva Ozodakhon , Akhmedov Ikromali , Mirkhasilova Zulfiya 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Flood and landslide control and unhindered management is a global problem worldwide. In high-water years, it is advisable to control the volume of water in reservoirs, taking into account such factors as increased loads on them, due to siltation and sedimentation of soils. In particular, in years with hydrological security of more than 75%, it is necessary to direct the main part of floods and mudflows into the lower stream, for this it is recommended to keep the water level as close as possible to the level of useless volume in high water, and water pumps should operate at full capacity during the passage of floods and downpours. In years when the water consumption of the water source is above 75%, the months of April and May are considered sufficient to create water reserves in high streams. Also, in years when the water consumption of the water source is less than 50%, it is necessary to collect mudflows and floodwaters to create the necessary water supply. In such conditions, it is recommended to carry out the dynamics of stopping water discharge at high temperature as follows. It is advisable to distribute the useless volume of water between the precipitation zones of dense flow and the normal water level in the upper boeuf. Based on this, it is necessary to install “Hydraulic posts” on the upper reaches of reservoirs, with the help of which it is possible to control the transformation of water flows.
Choice justification of the fruit and berry raw materials to produce pasta of the functional purpose
Authors: Krotova I , Doyko I , Leontjev V , Reutov A , Fakhrutdinova Y 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The article presents the results of the chemical composition study of the whortleberry berries (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) and common sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L), naturally growing in the forest-steppe zone of the Krasnoyarsk territory. It is shown that the studied biomass contains a rich mineral-vitamin complex, represented by vitamins A, C, group B and P-active substances, as well as magnesium, iron, phosphorus. This circumstance makes it possible to recommend the indicated vegetable raw materials in the production of functional food products. Based on the use of dry powders of the meal of the berries of these plants, a recipe for functional pasta has been developed. It has been established that the introduction of 5 to 10 wt.% of dry powders of the whortleberry berries and sea buckthorn into the classic pasta dough recipe makes the organoleptic properties and nutritional value of the finished product optimal. Consumption of 100 g of the product provides the body with, mg: ascorbic acid - 10.5-21.0; P-active substances - 1.5-6.4; magnesium - 18-30; phosphorus - 9-18; iron - 0.4-1.4. The expert evaluation of organoleptic indicators revealed compliance with regulatory requirements, while the experts noted a pleasant, harmonious taste of the product.
Heat balance and efficiency calculation of a flat-plate solar collector for environmentally friendly food drying
Authors: Safarov J E , Sultanova Sh A , Mambetsheripova A A , Azimov A T 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This paper deals with one of the main features of solar food drying processes. The thermal properties of the insulator, which is an important element of this process, are studied. It is found that the efficiency of this element is very sensitive to changes in climatic parameters, consistent with sunlight, slightly varying ambient temperature, comfortable humidity and any wind speed. A significant discrepancy is obtained between theoretical and experimental data on the energy of production of mathematical models that allow describing the different interactions and between the different elements of the flat plate collector and the external environment, as well as the exchange of energy and heat. Experiments describing the energy and thermal behaviour of a solar collector are carried out and examples of theoretical modelling are given. The parameters affecting the performance of a rectangular flat-plate solar collector are determined.
Wheat as a test object for determining the degree of soil contamination with petroleum products
Authors: Asfandiyarova L R , Khakimova G V , Ovsyannikova I V 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Currently, the oil and gas industry remains the leader in meeting the global need for energy resources. The high intensity of hydrocarbon production naturally leads to an increase in the volume of petrochemical waste that ends up in the natural environment. In this regard, the implementation of toxicological assessment of oil-containing soils and water bodies is one of the most important environmental tasks. Biotesting allows for a quick integral assessment of the properties of a contaminated environment. This method of toxicity analysis is economical and does not require the use of special chemical reagents and equipment. The seeds of higher vegetation are the most accessible, easy to use and universal test objects. However, it is necessary to use only species that are highly sensitive to pollutants. This article is based on the results of a study of the phytotoxicity of gray forest soil contaminated with petroleum products using wheat. Experiments have shown that soil contaminated with oil waste has a strong inhibitory effect on wheat seedlings. It was found that small doses of petroleum products (0.31% oil) have a stimulating effect on seed germination in the analyzed soil.
Investigation of the properties of electrical sources of ozonators through mathematical models
Authors: Bagdollauly Yessen , Yerkeldessova Gulzada , Oralbekova Ayaulym , Chukenova Elvira , Ilyassov Nuraly , Yerzhan Assem , Kalandarov Palvan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The study of the properties of electrical power sources of ozonators through mathematical models is crucial for satisfying sanitary-hygienic and industrial needs. Ozone is a strong oxidant with disinfectant properties, making its application widespread. However, the efficiency of its production largely depends on the quality of the ozonators’ electrical power sources. In this research, we developed and utilized mathematical models aimed at determining the main electrical parameters of various types of ozonators used in ozone production. The results of the study show possibilities for enhancing the energy efficiency of ozonators and optimizing their operational parameters. Mathematical modeling serves as a significant tool for predicting the operating modes and necessary electrical power parameters of ozonators, helping to increase their overall productivity and reduce the cost of ozone production. During the analysis, we considered the stability of the electrical power sources of ozonators, their high-frequency power transmission, and the level of electrical energy consumption. Our research aimed to determine how these parameters affect the ozone production process and, considering these effects, to design and improve the electrical power sources of ozonators.
Analysis of test results of the P-20 multi-rotor UAV when spraying pesticides in precision agriculture
Authors: Kovalev I V , Kovalev D I , Podoplelova V A , Borovinsky D V 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The article provides an overview of the current results of using multi-rotor UAVs when spraying pesticides in precision agriculture. It is noted that, as part of improving the technology for using UAVs, it is necessary to continue work on optimizing and testing the parameters of UAV transport and technological cycles together with a reasonable choice of special reagents and their combinations to improve the spraying effect and increase the level of use of pesticides. This will directly affect the improvement of the quality and efficiency of precision farming systems. The analysis presented in the work is based on testing the parameters of the transport and technological cycle of a multi-rotor UAV of the P-20 type, which was used to spray pesticides on cotton fields to combat aphids and spider mites on cotton at the flowering and boll setting stages. The results are considered that make it possible to analyze and compare the laws of uniform and penetrating deposition and drift of droplets in cotton canopies at different UAV flight altitudes. It has been shown that spraying small volumes of agrochemicals using UAVs at low altitudes differs from operations performed using modern manned aircraft or boom sprayers. The flight altitude of the UAV has a significant impact on the deposition and drift of droplets. The results of studies related to elucidating the effect of defoliant adsorption on cotton leaves are also noted. The adsorption of acetamiprid and spirodiclofen was studied. Methods for statistical processing of the obtained experimental data are presented, in particular, to test the significance of the influence of flight altitude on the experimental results.
Evaluation of RuBisCO gene expression in Caragana arborescens f. pyramidalis LAM. under drought conditions
Authors: Krylov P A , Tretyakova A V , Derevshikova L V 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
At present, there is an increase in the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere, which leads to significant climatic changes, especially in arid areas. Tree and shrub species provide fixation of atmospheric carbon dioxide, ensuring assimilation of inorganic carbon used in photosynthesis, as well as reducing the greenhouse effect. The enzyme Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) binds CO2 and triggers the Calvin cycle. The aim of the study was to evaluate the expression of the large subunit of the RuBisCO gene (RbcL) in Caragana arborescens f. pyramidalis LAM. and the in-house selected variety Caragana arborescens f. pyramidalis LAM. “Incomparable VNIALMI”, growing under drought conditions on the Kirov forestry (North of the Ergeninskaya Upland) with a characteristic arid climate. RNA was isolated from leaf blades collected at the end of fruiting. RbcL expression was evaluated by RT-qPCR using a universal primer pair selected by us. The study determined that the vital state in C. arborescens f. pyramidalis and C. arborescens f. pyramidalis ‘Incomparable VNIALMI’ was rated as good and that they were adapted to arid climate. Other analysis of RbcL expression showed lower values of amplification threshold cycles in C. arborescens f. pyramidalis LAM. “Incomparable VNIALMI”.
On climate migration and environmental safety
Authors: Arkhipova Maria V , Zhulina Elena V , Zhernovaya Oksana R , Lebedeva Irina V , Kotova Olga S 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The article explores the growing trend of climate migration, driven by the increase of people displaced due to climate change, natural disasters, and environmental factors, as reported by the United Nations and the International Organization for Migration. The paper delves into the impact of climate change on migration, highlighting the primary causes and characteristics of climate migration. Furthermore the article discuses the potential for regulating climate migration through international law, emphasizing the urgent need to enhance resilience to the consequences of climate change, particularly in the context of countries’ efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Sustainability of a PICU Situation Awareness Intervention: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Dewan Maya , Prideaux Jonelle , Loeb Daniel , Patel Ruchit V. , Zackoff Matthew , Kudchadkar Sapna R. , Vaughn Lisa M. , Schondelmeyer Amanda C. 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
We aimed to investigate facilitators and barriers that impact the sustainability of an interprofessional situation awareness bundle.

Methods:
This is a single-center qualitative study at a tertiary care pediatric center examining the sustainability of an interprofessional situation awareness bundle to reduce in-hospital cardiac arrests. The bundle includes an automated clinical decision support tool, twice-daily safety huddles, and a bedside mitigation plan. A trained research staff member interviewed participants in October 2022. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim, and recruitment continued until data saturation. Inductive and deductive analyses were used here.

Results:
The authors interviewed twelve staff members via individual semistructured interviews: registered nurses (RN, n = 2) and clinicians [(advanced practice providers, n = 2), pediatric critical care fellows, n = 4 and attendings, n = 4)]. Five main themes were identified: (1) the situation awareness bundle is ingrained into daily practice and culture, (2) the bundle has strengthened communication, decision-making, and improved outcomes, (3) standardized processes, stakeholder buy-in, and support of team members are key to adoption and sustainability, (4) variation in processes and fast-changing clinical context remains a challenge for reliable use, and (5) the situation awareness bundle excluded families.

Conclusions:
The situation awareness bundle has become ingrained, strengthened, and sustained over the last 5 years through integration into daily practice and culture and leveraging standardized processes, tools and technology. It is associated with improved communication and shared decision-making. Understanding the key components for implementation and sustainability is necessary for ongoing spread and improvement in the future.
Pvf1-PvR-mediated crosstalk between the trachea and the gut guides intestinal stem cell migration to promote gut regeneration
Authors: Mackay D. , John A. , Christensen C.F. , Loudhaief R. , Tanari A.B. , Rauzi M. , Colombani J. , Andersen D.S. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn adult tissues, stem cells (SCs) reside in specialized niches, where they are maintained in a quiescent state until activated by injury. Once activated, they migrate towards injured sites, where they proliferate and differentiate to replenish lost or damaged cells. Although effective tissue repair relies critically on the ability of SCs to reach and populate damaged sites, mechanisms guiding SCs towards these sites are not well understood. This is largely due to the technical challenges involved in monitoring SC dynamics in real timein vivo. Here, we devised an experimental framework that allows for real-time tracking of the spatiotemporal dynamics of intestinal SCs (ISCs) during the early phases of gut regeneration. Our data show that ISC migration is rapidly induced following injury and precedes ISC divisions and differentiation. We identify the Drosophila PDGF-VEGF-related receptor, Pvr, as a critical regulator of the migratory response to epithelial damage. ISC-specific Pvr depletion strongly suppresses ISC migration towards affected sites as well as the regenerative response. We further show that the Pvr ligand, PDGF-VEGF-related factor 1 (Pvf1), is produced by the trachea/vasculature in response to intestinal damage and acts as a guidance signal to direct ISC migration towards affected areas. Our work highlights a critical role of gut-trachea/vasculature crosstalk in guiding ISC migration during regeneration. As neovascularization of injured sites is a key feature of tissue repair in both flies and mammals, these findings could be relevant to regenerative processes in a wide range of adult tissues.
Wall teichoic acids regulate peptidoglycan synthesis by paving cell wall microstructure
Authors: Barber Felix , Yuan Zhe , Akbary Zarina , Biboy Jacob , Vollmer Waldemar , Rojas Enrique R. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe Gram-positive cell wall is a rigid polysaccharide-peptide network that bears the cell’s turgor pressure and confers cell shape. In rod-shaped bacteria, the Rod complex inserts peptidoglycan polymers into the cell wall circumferentially, generating material anisotropy that promotes anisotropic growth. Wall teichoic acids, an abundant, non-load-bearing component of the Gram-positive cell wall, are also essential for rod-shape for unknown reasons. Here, we report a direct role for wall teichoic acids in anisotropic peptidoglycan synthesis. We show that wall teichoic acids provide a cohesive cell wall substrate that is required for Rod complex activity; conversely, removing wall teichoic acids yields a porous cell wall incapable of sustaining Rod complex activity. Consistent with this, cell elongation and Rod complex motion arrest in cells depleted for wall teichoic acids, but resume following hyperosmotic shocks that contract the cell wall. We further show that cells lacking wall teichoic acids rely instead on the bifunctional peptidoglycan synthesis enzyme PBP1, whose isotropic peptidoglycan synthesis is responsible for the subsequent growth and loss of shape. Taken together, these findings reveal that the microstructure of the Gram-positive cell wall is an essential regulatory factor in its own synthesis.SummaryThe bacterial cell wall is an essential macromolecule that encapsulates the cell and confers cell shape. Here, we reveal that an abundant yet understudied cell wall component in Gram-positive bacteria, wall teichoic acids, facilitates cell wall synthesis in the rod-shaped model organismBacillus subtilisby conferring a physically cohesive substrate for cell wall biosynthetic enzymes. This finding explains the decades-old mystery of why cells that lack wall teichoic acids lose cell shape and grow slowly, while also highlighting an underappreciated factor impacting cell wall homeostasis: the microstructure of the wall itself.
HLA-E and NKG2A Mediate Resistance toM. bovisBCG Immunotherapy in Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer
Authors: Ranti D. , Yu H. , Wang Y.A. , Bieber C. , Strandgaard T. , Salomé B. , Houghton Sean , Kim J. , Ravichandran H. , Okulate I. , Merritt E. , Bang S. , Demetriou A. , Li Z. , Lindskrog S. V. , Ruan D.F. , Daza J. , Rai R. , Hegewisch-Solloa E. , Mace E.M. , Fernandez-Rodriguez R. , Izadmehr S. , Doherty G. , Narasimhan A. , Farkas A.M. , Cruz-Encarnacion P. , Shroff S. , Patel F. , Tran M. , Park S.J. , Qi J. , Patel M. , Geanon D. , Kelly G. , de Real R.M. , Lee B. , Nie K. , Miake-Iye S. , Angeliadis K. , Radkevich E. , Thin T.H. , Garcia-Barros M. , Brown H. , Martin B. , Mateo A. , Soto A. , Sussman R. , Shiwlani S. , Francisco-Simon S. , Beaumont K.G. , Hu Y. , Wang Y-C. , Wang L. , Sebra R.P. , Smith S. , Skobe M. , Clancy-Thompson E. , Palmer D. , Hammond S. , Hopkins B. D. , Wiklund P. , Zhu J. , Bravo-Cordero J.J. , Brody R. , Hopkins B. , Chen Z. , Kim-Schulze S. , Dyrskjøt L. , Elemento O. , Tocheva A. , Song W-M. , Bhardwaj N. , Galsky M.D. , Sfakianos J.P. , Horowitz A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMycobacterium bovisBacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is the primary treatment for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), known to stimulate inflammatory cytokines, notably interferon (IFN)-γ. We observed that prolonged IFN-γ exposure fosters adaptive resistance in recurrent tumors, aiding immune evasion and tumor proliferation. We identify HLA-E and NKG2A, part of a novel NK and T cell checkpoint pathway, as key mediators of resistance in BCG-unresponsive NMIBC. IFN-γ enhances HLA-E and PD-L1 expression in recurrent tumors, with an enrichment of intra-tumoral NKG2A-expressing NK and CD8 T cells. CXCL9+macrophages and dendritic cells and CXCL12-expressing stromal cells likely recruit CXCR3/CXCR4-expressing NK and T cells and CXCR7+HLA-EHIGHtumor cells. NK and CD8 T cells remain functional within BCG-unresponsive tumors but are inhibited by HLA-E and PD-L1, providing a framework for combined NKG2A and PD-L1 blockade strategy for bladder-sparing treatment of BCG-unresponsive NMIBC.