bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beanspruchung von Brückenkappen durch Anprall an Fahrzeugrückhaltesysteme
Authors: Niederwald Michael , Keuser Manfred , Goj Karl , Geuder Stephan 
Published: February 2016

AbstractHerrn Univ.‐Prof. Dr.‐Ing. Ingbert Mangerig zur Vollendung seines 65. Lebensjahres gewidmetDie Nachrüstung bestehender Brücken mit modernen Fahrzeugrückhaltesystemen kann aufgrund der hohen einzuleitenden Anprallkräfte und der meist zu geringen vorhandenen Anschlussbewehrung zwischen Kappe und Brückenüberbau zu Überschreitungen der Tragfähigkeit führen. Das üblicherweise verwendete Tragmodell des Kappensegments vernachlässigt wichtige Tragmechanismen, wie beispielsweise die Lastausbreitung innerhalb der Kappe. Aus diesem Grund werden in diesem Beitrag Untersuchungen zur Beanspruchung von Brückenkappen infolge des Anpralls an Fahrzeugrückhaltesysteme vorgestellt, die an einem räumlichen FE‐Modell einer Kappe durchgeführt wurden. Zunächst wird auf der Grundlage der geltenden Normenregelungen eine Modifikation des Lastansatzes für die lokale Bemessung nach DIN EN 1991‐2/NA vorgenommen, die ebenfalls vorgestellt wird. Die wesentlichen Einflüsse auf die Lastausbreitung innerhalb der Kappe wurden in einer Parameterstudie eingehend untersucht. Anhand dieser Ergebnisse konnten mitwirkende Längen für die Anschlussbewehrung bestimmt werden, die für einen Tragfähigkeitsnachweis verwendet werden können.Actions on bridge caps due to impact on vehicle restraint systems – Verification of the load bearing capacity of the connection reinforcement between cap and superstructure for existing bridgesRetrofitting of existing bridges with modern vehicle restraint systems often leads to exceedances of the carrying capacity due to the high impact forces and the small amount of existing connection reinforcement between cap and superstructure. The model commonly used is the cap segment, which is neglecting major effects such as the load distribution within the cap. For this reason, studies on the actions on bridge caps due to impact on vehicle restraint systems, which were carried out at a spatial finite element model will be presented in this paper. First, based on current normative regulations, a modification of the load approach for local design according to DIN EN 1991‐2/NA had to be made, which will also be presented. The main influences on load distribution within the cap have been thoroughly investigated in a parametric study. Based on these results effective lengths for the connection reinforcement could be determined, which can be used for a verification of the load bearing capacity.
The detection of hydrogen peroxide involved in plant virus infection by fluorescence spectroscopy
Authors: Lei Rong , Du Zhixin , Qiu Yanhong , Zhu Shuifang 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) forms part of the defense reaction of plants against invading pathogens. ROS have multifaceted signaling functions in mediating the establishment of multiple responses. To verify whether hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) contributes to plant virus infection and the development of induced symptoms, we used fluorescence to monitor the generation of H2O2 and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) to investigate the subcellular distribution of H2O2 in leaves. In this study, the M strain of Cucumber mosaic virus (M‐CMV) induced heavy chlorotic symptoms in Nicotiana tabacum cv. white burley during systemic infection. Compared with mock‐inoculated leaves, H2O2 accumulation in inoculated leaves increased after inoculation, then decreased after 4 days. For systemically infected leaves that showed chlorotic symptoms, H2O2 accumulation was always higher than in healthy leaves. Subcellular H2O2 localization observed using CLSM showed that H2O2 in inoculated leaves was generated mainly in the chloroplasts and cell wall, whereas in systemically infected leaves H2O2 was generated mainly in the cytosol. The levels of coat protein in inoculated and systemically infected leaves might be associated with changes in the level of H2O2 and symptom development. Further research is needed to elucidate the generation mechanism and the relationship between coat protein and oxidative stress during infection and symptom development. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predictors and prognostic significance of tachycardiomyopathy: insights from a cohort of 1269 patients undergoing atrial flutter ablation
Authors: Brembilla‐Perrot Béatrice , Ferreira João Pedro , Manenti Vladimir , Sellal Jean Marc , Olivier Arnaud , Villemin Thibaut , Beurrier Daniel , De Chillou Christian , Louis Pierre , Brembilla Alice , Juillière Yves , Girerd Nicolas 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundAtrial flutter‐related tachycardiomyopathy (AFL‐TCM) is a rare and treatable cause of heart failure. Little is known about its epidemiology and long‐term prognosis. Our aims are to determine the prevalence, predictors and outcomes of AFL‐TCM.Methods and resultsA total of 1269 patients were referred for radiofrequency ablation of AFL between January 1996 and September 2014; 184 had reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF <40%). At 6 months after AFL ablation, 103 patients (8.1% of the population, 56% of patients with baseline LVEF <40%) had marked LVEF improvement: these were considered to have AFL‐TCM. Patients with persisting reduced LVEF were considered to have systolic dysfunction unrelated to AFL. Patients were followed for a median (percentile25–75) of 1.15 (0.4–2.8) years. Patients with AFL‐TCM were younger, had lower prevalence of ischaemic cardiomyopathy and used less antiarrhythmic drugs than patients with systolic dysfunction unrelated to AFL. In multivariable analysis, ischemic cardiomyopathy [odds ratio (OR) = 0.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.15–0.68) P = 0.003] and prescription of antiarrhythmic drug before ablation [OR = 0.41, 95% CI 0.20–0.84, P = 0.02] were significantly associated with a lower probability of LVEF improvement during follow‐up. Patients with AFL‐TCM had similar survival to patients without systolic dysfunction at baseline [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.96 95% CI 0.34–2.65, P = 0.929], whereas patients with systolic dysfunction unrelated to AFL had higher mortality rates compared with patients without systolic dysfunction at baseline [HR = 2.88, 95% CI 1.45–5.72, P = 0.002].ConclusionsMarked LVEF improvement was observed in 56% of patients with baseline LVEF <40% at 6 months after ablation. These patients had similar survival to patients without baseline systolic dysfunction, whereas patients who remained with LVEF <40% had a threefold increase in mortality rates.
The Reactivity of Diphenyllead(IV) Dichloride with Dissymmetric Thiosemicarbazone Ligands: Obtaining Monomers, Coordination Polymers, and an Organoplumboxane
Authors: Sesmero Ester , Calatayud David G. , Perles Josefina , López‐Torres Elena , Mendiola M. Antonia 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe reaction of PbPh2Cl2 with two dissymmetric thiosemicarbazone ligands containing diacetyl 4‐methyl‐3‐thiosemicarbazone and hydrazonepyridine or hydrazonequinoline arms led to four new mononuclear complexes, [PbPh2(L)] (1 and 3) and [PbPh2Cl(HL)] (2 and 4). Reactions with the hydrazonequinoline ligand strongly depend on the reaction conditions and several unexpected compounds were isolated. At room temperature, in addition to complex 4, the polymeric compound [PbPh2Cl2CH3OH]n (5) was isolated, whereas under heating at reflux a symmetrization took place and a polymer containing diacetyl bis(4‐methyl‐3‐thiosemicarbazone), [PbPh2Cl2(H2ATSM)]n (6) was obtained. When PbPh2Cl2 was heated at reflux in wet dichloromethane with LiOH·H2O, the tetranuclear organoplumboxane [Pb4Ph8Cl4O2] (7) was isolated, which, to the best of our knowledge, is the first organoplumboxane to be crystallographically characterized. All the compounds were thoroughly characterized, including by 207Pb NMR and single‐crystal XRD. In addition, the hydrazonequinoline ligand has demonstrated its potential application as a chromophoric probe in the visible region for organolead(IV) species.
Pseudomorphic Transformation of Layered Simple Hydroxides into Prussian Blue Analogue Nanoplatelets
Authors: Lang Marina , Delahaye Emilie , Foix Dominique , Ihiawakrim Dris , Ersen Ovidiu , Leuvrey Cédric , Grenèche Jean‐Marc , Rogez Guillaume , Rabu Pierre 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe reactivity of potassium or sodium hexacyanoferrate(II) with transition‐metal layered simple hydroxides (LSHs) has been investigated to evaluate the possibility of inserting Prussian Blue analogues (PBAs) into magnetic copper(II) LSHs. This report shows how such a reaction led, unexpectedly, to the direct formation of PBA nanoparticles, the layered hydroxide serving as a metal‐ion reservoir. The lamellar structure of the starting LSH collapses and copper–iron PBA nanoparticles were obtained as well‐defined cubic structures stacked in layers. In addition to structural and magnetic characterization, the reaction mechanism was investigated by 57Fe Mössbauer spectrometry and X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy. The layered copper hydroxide acetate turns out to be a smart precursor of well‐shaped PBA nanoparticle layers through pseudomorphic replication.
Activation of Heteroallenes COxS2–x (x = 0–2): Experimental and Theoretical Evidence of the Synthetic Versatility of a Bulky Guanidinato SmII Complex
Authors: Castro Ludovic , Mills David P. , Jones Cameron , Maron Laurent 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA joint experimental/theoretical (DFT) study of the activation of heteroallenes COxS2–x (x = 0–2) by [Sm(Giso)2] {Giso– = [(ArN)2CNCy2]–, Cy = cyclohexyl, Ar = 2,6‐diisopropylphenyl} is reported. All heteroallenes are reduced in a different manner. Indeed, while activation of CS2 yields a bimetallic CS2 coupled product through C–S bond formation, CO2 forms an oxalate complex through C–C bond formation. This subsequently undergoes CO2 insertion into one of its Sm–N bonds. Finally, COS activation is predicted to yield a dithiocarbonate complex, through the formation of an intermediate sulfido complex [(Giso)2Sm(µ‐S)Sm(Giso)2]. Therefore, [Sm(Giso)2] is a very versatile reagent, since it is a rare example of a complex that allows formation of several activation products involving valence isoelectronic substrates. This is rationalized by DFT calculations, and the latter emphasizes both the lack of kinetic stability of CS vs. CO and the high thermodynamic stability of the oxalate.
Trifluoromethylthiolation of Unsymmetrical λ3‐Iodane Derivatives: Additive‐Free, Selective and Scalable Introduction of the SCF3 Group
Authors: Nikolaienko Pavlo , Yildiz Tülay , Rueping Magnus 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe reaction of copper trifluoromethyl sulfide with diaryliodonium salts provides a straightforward pathway for the synthesis of aryl trifluoromethyl thioethers under mild reaction conditions and within short reaction times. High chemoselectivity was achieved by using mesityl as a leaving group. A large range of novel [(het)aryl](mesityl)iodonium salts underwent this reaction under the optimized conditions to give the desired products in moderate to good yields.
Characterization of Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.7In0.1Fe0.2O3−δ as the Cathode Material for Proton‐conducting SOFCs
Authors: Tao Z. , Hou G. , Zhang Q. , Sang S. , Xing F. , Wang B. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBa0.5Sr0.5Co0.7In0.1Fe0.2O3−δ powders are successfully synthesized as the cathode materials for proton‐conducting solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). The prepared cells consisting of the structure of a BaZr0.1Ce0.7Y0.2O3−δ (BZCY7)‐NiO anode substrate, a BZCY7 electrolyte membrane and a cathode layer, are measured from 600 to 700 °C with humidified hydrogen (ca. 3% H2O) as the fuel. The electrochemical results show that the cell exhibits a high power density which could obtain an open‐circuit potential of 0.986 V and a maximum power density of 400.84 mW cm−2 at 700 °C. The polarization resistance measured at the open‐circuit condition is only 0.15 Ω cm2 at 700 °C.
ALE meta‐analysis reveals dissociable networks for affective and discriminative aspects of touch
Authors: Morrison India 
Published: February 2016

AbstractEmotionally‐laden tactile stimulation—such as a caress on the skin or the feel of velvet—may represent a functionally distinct domain of touch, underpinned by specific cortical pathways. In order to determine whether, and to what extent, cortical functional neuroanatomy supports a distinction between affective and discriminative touch, an activation likelihood estimate (ALE) meta‐analysis was performed. This meta‐analysis statistically mapped reported functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) activations from 17 published affective touch studies in which tactile stimulation was associated with positive subjective evaluation (n = 291, 34 experimental contrasts). A separate ALE meta‐analysis mapped regions most likely to be activated by tactile stimulation during detection and discrimination tasks (n = 1,075, 91 experimental contrasts). These meta‐analyses revealed dissociable regions for affective and discriminative touch, with posterior insula (PI) more likely to be activated for affective touch, and primary somatosensory cortices (SI) more likely to be activated for discriminative touch. Secondary somatosensory cortex had a high likelihood of engagement by both affective and discriminative touch. Further, meta‐analytic connectivity (MCAM) analyses investigated network‐level co‐activation likelihoods independent of task or stimulus, across a range of domains and paradigms. Affective‐related PI and discriminative‐related SI regions co‐activated with different networks, implicated in dissociable functions, but sharing somatosensory co‐activations. Taken together, these meta‐analytic findings suggest that affective and discriminative touch are dissociable both on the regional and network levels. However, their degree of shared activation likelihood in somatosensory cortices indicates that this dissociation reflects functional biases within tactile processing networks, rather than functionally and anatomically distinct pathways. Hum Brain Mapp 37:1308‐1320, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Descending necrotizing mediastinitis: Systematic review on its treatment in the last 6 years, 75 years after its description
Authors: Prado–Calleros Héctor M. , Jiménez–Fuentes Edgardo , Jiménez–Escobar Irma 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundDescending necrotizing mediastinitis is a serious infection involving the neck and the chest, in which an odontogenic, pharyngeal, or cervical infection spreads rapidly to the thoracic cavity, with a high death rate by sepsis and organic failure if not treated quickly and properly.MethodsA systematic search in the electronic database PubMed was conducted using the keywords “mediastinitis” and “descending necrotizing mediastinitis” resulting in 2560 items, filters were activated (systematic review, meta‐analysis, and clinical trial) resulting in 60 articles, from which we selected relevant articles on the topic.ResultsThe best available evidence we could obtain was from 26 case series with evidence level III. The overall mortality in this period was 17.5%.ConclusionFor mediastinitis limited to the upper part of the mediastinum, transcervical drainage may be sufficient; cases that extended below the tracheal carina may require cervical and transthoracic drainage. A multidisciplinary therapeutic approach has allowed a reduction in its mortality. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E2275–E2283, 2016
Malnutrition and sarcopenia predict post‐liver transplantation outcomes independently of the Model for End‐stage Liver Disease score
Authors: Kalafateli Maria , Mantzoukis Konstantinos , Choi Yau Yan , Mohammad Ali O. , Arora Simran , Rodrigues Susana , de Vos Marie , Papadimitriou Kassiani , Thorburn Douglas , O'Beirne James , Patch David , Pinzani Massimo , Morgan Marsha Y. , Agarwal Banwari , Yu Dominic , Burroughs Andrew K. , Tsochatzis Emmanuel A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundAlthough malnutrition and sarcopenia are prevalent in cirrhosis, their impact on outcomes following liver transplantation is not well documented.MethodsThe associations of nutritional status and sarcopenia with post‐transplant infections, requirement for mechanical ventilation, intensive care (ICU) and hospital stay, and 1 year mortality were assessed in 232 consecutive transplant recipients. Nutritional status and sarcopenia were assessed using the Royal Free Hospital‐Global Assessment (RFH‐GA) tool and the L3‐psoas muscle index (L3‐PMI) on CT, respectively.ResultsA wide range of RFH‐SGA and L3‐PMI were observed within similar Model for End‐stage Liver Disease (MELD) sub‐categories. Malnutrition and sarcopenia were independent predictors of all outcomes. Post‐transplant infections were associated with MELD (OR = 1.055, 95%CI = 1.002–1.11) and severe malnutrition (OR = 6.55, 95%CI = 1.99–21.5); ventilation > 24 h with MELD (OR = 1.1, 95%CI = 1.036–1.168), severe malnutrition (OR = 8.5, 95%CI = 1.48–48.87) and suboptimal donor liver (OR = 2.326, 95%CI = 1.056–5.12); ICU stay > 5 days, with age (OR = 1.054, 95%CI = 1.004–1.106), MELD (OR = 1.137, 95%CI = 1.057–1.223) and severe malnutrition (OR = 7.46, 95%CI = 1.57–35.43); hospital stay > 20 days with male sex (OR = 2.107, 95%CI = 1.004–4.419) and L3‐PMI (OR = 0.996, 95%CI = 0.994–0.999); 1 year mortality with L3‐PMI (OR = 0.996, 95%CI = 0.992–0.999). Patients at the lowest L3‐PMI receiving suboptimal grafts had longer ICU/hospital stay and higher incidence of infections.ConclusionsMalnutrition and sarcopenia are associated with early post‐liver transplant morbidity/mortality. Allocation indices do not include nutritional status and may jeopardize outcomes in nutritionally compromised individuals.
An efficient approach for computing scattering by inhomogeneous objects with thin dielectric structures
Authors: Yang Ming‐Lin , Sun Xu‐Min , Gao Hong‐Wei , Song Wei , Sheng Xin‐Qing 
Published: February 2016

SummaryThis paper incorporates the compensated Mitzner boundary conditions (CMBC) into the hybrid finite element‐ boundary integral‐multilevel fast multipole algorithm (FE‐BI‐MLFMA) for fast and accurate computation of scattering by three‐dimensional inhomogeneous objects with thin dielectric structures. In this CMBC‐FE‐BI‐MLFMA, each thin dielectric layer is reduced to an interface with zero thickness; then CMBC is applied to establish the relation of electromagnetic fields across the interfaces. This approach can reduce the amount of computation and remain the advantages of versatility, accuracy, and efficiency of the conventional FE‐BI‐MLFMA algorithm. The formulation of this CMBC‐FE‐BI‐MLFMA is presented in this paper. An efficient preconditioner based on the sparse approximate inverse is employed and further parallelized on memory‐distributed platforms. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the accuracy, efficiency, and capability of the parallel CMBC‐FE‐BI‐MLFMA. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reflecting on the past and looking to the future
Authors: Hodgkinson Gerard P. , Ford J. Kevin 
Published: February 2016

SummaryThis issue comprises the fourth IRIOP Annual Review Issue, following the incorporation of theInternational Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology(IRIOP) into theJournal of Organizational Behavior(JOB). In this, the final editorial of our 12‐year period of office, we celebrate the achievements of our authors and anonymous peer reviewers, each of whom has played a major role in transforming the highly successful invitation only IRIOP book series into the leading peer reviewed outlet for the publication of critical state‐of‐the‐art overviews and commentary on established knowledge and developments at the forefront of the field that the IRIOP Annual Review Issue has become, exemplified by the six papers appearing in this issue.
Fertilizer location modifies root zone salinity, root morphology, and water‐stress resistance of tree seedlings according to the watering regime in a dryland reforestation
Authors: Ovalle Juan F. , Arellano Eduardo C. , Ginocchio Rosanna , Becerra Pablo 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThere is a direct relationship between soil nutrient concentration in localized zones and root proliferation and elongation under well‐watered conditions. However, in field studies under semiarid conditions this relationship can change due to higher salt accumulation and soil dryness that affect root growth, water stress resistance, and seedling survival. We assessed the effect of different locations of fertilizer placement in the soil profile and water availability on root zone salinity, root development and ecophysiological responses of Quillaja saponaria Mol. after outplanting. A single dose (6 g L−1) of controlled‐release nitrogen fertilizer (CRFN) was placed at 0 cm (top layer), 15 cm (middle layer), or 30 cm (bottom layer) depth in the containers in a greenhouse, in addition to an unfertilized treatment (control). After 6 months, seedlings were transplanted to the field and subjected to weekly watering regimes (2 L plant−1 and unwatered). Morphological and ecophysiological parameters were periodically measured on seedlings, as well as soil electrical conductivity (EC). After 1 year, the shoot : root ratio of unwatered seedlings decreased as a function of CRFN placement depth, which was attributed to lower shoot growth and not to greater root growth. The root morphology of the bottom layer treatment was negatively affected by high EC in unwatered seedlings. Greater total root length and root volume of the middle layer treatment was found only when well‐watered; however, this did not contribute to improve physiological responses against water stress. The lowest EC and the highest photochemical efficiency, net photosynthesis, and stomatal conductance were shown by unfertilized seedlings, independent of water availability. Our findings suggest that varying depth of CRFN placement does not contribute significantly to improve root growth under water restriction. Water supplements, independently of the CRFN location in the substrate, contribute to decrease root zone salinity, and consequently, improve root volume growth.
Optimization of fertilization characteristics of urine by addition of Nitrosomonas europaea bio‐seed
Authors: Hashemi Shervin , Han Mooyoung , Kim Tschungil 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDBecause of the high concentration of nutrients in human urine, its utilization as an organic fertilizer has been notable throughout history. However, the nitrogen compounds in urine are not stable. Therefore, to convert urine into a suitable fertilizer, it is important to stabilize and adjust unstable nitrogen compounds such as ammonia. Because nitrification can influence the nitrogen profile, the use of nitrifying microorganisms can be useful for stabilizing the nitrogen profile of urine. This study investigated the changes in nitrogen compounds in pure urine and examined the effect of adding Nitrosomonas europaea bio‐seed solution on these changes.RESULTSIt was found that the addition of bio‐seed could reduce nitrogen loss as well as the time required to stabilize the nitrogen profile. Furthermore, the optimum concentration of bio‐seed (6 × 105 N. europaea cells L−1) that not only leads to the least nutrient loss but also results in an adequate nitrate/ammonium ratio and regulates the amount of nitrate produced, thereby preventing over‐fertilization, was determined.CONCLUSIONAt this concentration, no dilution or dewatering is required, thus minimizing water and energy consumption. Usage of the optimum of concentration of bio‐seed will also eliminate the need for inorganic chemical additives. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry