bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Headache Disorders May Be a Risk Factor for the Development of New Onset Hypothyroidism
Authors: Martin Andrew T. , Pinney Susan M. , Xie Changchun , Herrick Robert L. , Bai Yun , Buckholz Jeanette , Martin Vincent T. 
Published: September 2016

ObjectiveTo determine whether headache disorders are a risk factor for the development of new onset hypothyroidism.BackgroundPast studies have reported associations between headache disorders and hypothyroidism, but the directionality of the association is unknown.MethodsThis was a longitudinal retrospective cohort study using data from the Fernald Medical Monitoring Program (FMMP). Residents received physical examinations and thyroid function testing every 3 years during the 20 year program. Residents were excluded from the cohort if there was evidence of past thyroid disease or abnormal thyroid function tests at the first office visit. A diagnosis of a headache disorder was established by self‐report of “frequent headaches,” use of any headache‐specific medication, or a physician diagnosis of a headache disorder. The primary outcome measure was new onset hypothyroidism defined as the initiation of thyroid replacement therapy or TSH ≥ 10 without thyroid medication. A Cox survival analysis with time dependent variables were used for the model. Headache disorders, age, sex, body mass index, income, smoking, narcotic use, and hypothyroidism‐producing medications were independent variables in the model.ResultsData from 8412 residents enrolled in the FMMP were used in the current study. Headache disorders were present in about 26% of the residents and new onset hypothyroidism developed in ∼7%. The hazard ratio for the development of new onset hypothyroidism was 1.21 (95% CI = 1.001, 1.462) for those with headache disorders.ConclusionsHeadache disorders may be associated with an increased risk for the development of new onset hypothyroidism.
Technologie, délocalisations et tâches constitutives des professions au Royaume‐Uni
Authors: AKÇOMAK Semih , KOK Suzanne , ROJAS‐ROMAGOSA Hugo 
Published: September 2016

RésuméLes auteurs examinent l'évolution des tâches accomplies par les travailleurs au Royaume‐Uni entre 1997 et 2006, qu'elle soit due à une reconfiguration des professions elles‐mêmes (marge intensive) ou à une variation de leur part respective dans l'emploi (marge extensive). Ils se fondent notamment dans cet examen sur des données de la Skills Survey, enquête britannique sur les compétences. Leur analyse montre que la variation à la marge intensive est notable et aussi importante que la variation à la marge extensive. Une analyse économétrique fait ressortir en outre que le progrès technique joue un rôle dans l'évolution à la marge intensive, mais pas les délocalisations.
TIC et gains de productivité en Afrique subsaharienne
Authors: WAMBOYE Evelyn , ADEKOLA Abel , SERGI Bruno 
Published: September 2016

RésuméLes auteurs examinent les effets des TIC sur la productivité à partir d'un échantillon de 43 pays d'Afrique subsaharienne. Ils concluent que le développement des téléphonies fixe et mobile stimule la croissance de la productivité dans un processus à rendements croissants, confirmant l'existence d'un effet de réseau. Ainsi, la multiplication par deux du taux de pénétration des téléphonies fixe et mobile augmente les gains de productivité de 0,12 à 0,15 et 0,05 pour cent environ, respectivement. En outre, dans la région, l'accès facilité aux services bancaires et financiers serait l'un des vecteurs de l'effet de la téléphonie mobile sur la productivité.
Incidence des envois de fonds: une analyse à partir du cas de saisonniers mexicains employés au Canada
Authors: CARVAJAL GUTIÉRREZ Lidia , JOHNSON Thomas G. 
Published: September 2016

RésuméÀ partir d'une enquête menée auprès de saisonniers mexicains au Canada, les auteurs construisent un modèle à équations simultanées reposant sur la méthode des triples moindres carrés. Ils montrent que les envois de fonds ont un effet positif sur l'investissement agricole, et donc sur le revenu agricole au Mexique. Cet effet s'étend au revenu non agricole du fait d'une diversification des activités et des investissements des migrants. Ces résultats confirment la thèse de la nouvelle économie de la migration de travail: les envois de fonds contribuent effectivement au développement économique en donnant aux petits exploitants les liquidités qui leur manquent pour investir.
The cultural beliefs of Jordanian women during childbearing: implications for nursing care
Authors: Bawadi H.A. , Al‐Hamdan Z. 
Published: September 2016

AimsTo determine the cultural and religious beliefs and practices about childbirth among Jordanian women and to indicate how these beliefs and practices can be integrated into the maternity care of Muslim women in general, especially those immigrating to Western countries.BackgroundThe physiology of childbirth is similar for all women worldwide, but the surroundings in which it takes place makes it a unique experience for each woman. Every society has cultural practices and beliefs related to childbirth, and what is considered to be a vital practice in one culture may be seen as insignificant in another.MethodsA qualitative research design with an interpretative phenomenological approach was used to conduct semi‐structured, audiotaped interviews with nine Jordanian mothers.ResultsFive main themes identified: childbearing is a blessing of Allah, a time for special maternal care, a time for maternal self‐renewal, a time for maternal spiritual purification and a time to prepare for the sacrifices of motherhood.DiscussionThe findings reflected the sensitivity of the grace of God in all the interviews, illustrating the permeating influence of religious beliefs on traditional Jordanian childbirth practices.Policy implicationsIn planning policies, health services globally should acknowledge the diverse need of migrant women during childbirth, in order to gain women's trust in maternity services. To offer sensitive care, nurses need to address mothers’ cultural and spiritual needs and meet these needs respectfully.ConclusionsTo improve the childbearing experience, maternity staff should consider these themes to help build trust with mothers based on an appreciation of their spiritual and cultural beliefs.
Ingestible insecticides for spotted wing Drosophila control: a polyol, Erythritol, and an insect growth regulator, Lufenuron
Authors: Sampson B. J. , Werle C. T. , Stringer S. J. , Adamczyk J. J. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBioassays tested insecticidal activity of Erythritol from the nutritive sweetener, Truvia, and an insect growth regulator, Lufenuron, against life stages (eggs, larvae, pupae, adults) of Drosophila melanogaster (Meigen) and Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura), the spotted wing Drosophila (SWD). These compounds were chosen for their demonstrated acute toxicity to adult and larval Drosophila and potential use on organic fruit farms. D. melanogaster fed on standard Drosophila diet media moistened with water containing known concentrations of Erythritol. Likewise, SWD consumed standard diet media as well as thawed host fruit (blackberries and blueberries) treated with solutions of Erythritol, Lufenuron or both. During the first bioassay, Erythritol at lower concentrations between 0 and 500 mm (~61 000 ppm) in water and mixed with instant diet media increased adult survival from ~80% to 97% for D. melanogaster and SWD. However, from aqueous concentrations ranging from 1750 (~414 000 ppm) to 2000 mm (~244 000 ppm), Erythritol killed 100% of adult Drosophila in culture vials. One hundred per cent mortality for SWD and D. melanogaster occurred at ≥0.5 m (~61 000 ppm) Erythritol added to diet media or topically applied to host fruit. In a second bioassay, 0.013–1.000 ppm of aqueous Lufenuron, a chitin synthase inhibitor, when added to dry diet media prevented 90–99% of SWD from reaching the pupal stage. In another assay, ~67% of SWD eggs or neonates (early first instars) died inside blackberries pre‐treated with (dipped in) a soapy solution of 10 ppm Lufenuron. Pre‐treating blackberry fruit with an Erythritol–Lufenuron mixture reduced SWD brood survival by 99%. Likewise, during our last fruit‐based bioassay, 98% of eggs and neonates died inside blueberries similarly pre‐treated. During the last experiment, Lufenuron in diet media also rendered adult females sterile. Sterility, however, dissipated over 7 days once females began feeding on a Lufenuron‐free diet media.
Percutaneous biliary approach as a successful rescue procedure after failed endoscopic therapy for drainage in advanced hilar tumors
Authors: Jang Sung Ill , Hwang Jin‐Hyeok , Lee Kwang‐Hun , Yu Jeong‐Sik , Kim Hee Wook , Yoon Chang Jin , Lee Yoon Suk , Paik Kyu Hyun , Lee Sang Hyub , Lee Dong Ki 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackground and AimPalliative endoscopic or percutaneous biliary drainage is used for unresectable advanced hilar cancer (HC). The best option for drainage in Bismuth type III or IV HC has not been established. The aims of this study are to identify factors predictive of endoscopic stenting failure and evaluate the effectiveness of rescue percutaneous stenting in patients with advanced HC.MethodsData from 110 patients with inoperable advanced HC were retrospectively reviewed. All received bilateral self‐expandable metallic stents. Patients were divided into three groups: I, successful initial endoscopic stenting; II, unsuccessful initial endoscopic stenting, followed by percutaneous stenting; and III, initial percutaneous stenting. We analyzed clinical results and radiologic tumor characteristics.ResultsBaseline characteristics and clinical outcomes of all groups were similar, except the hospital stay was longer in group III than group I. Technical success rate was higher in groups II and III (100%) than in group I (72.4%). The functional success rate, stent patency time, patient survival time, and complication rate were similar between groups. Endoscopic stenting failed because of guide‐wire passage failure (n = 12) or stent passage failure (n = 7). The only factor significantly associated with endoscopic failure was a smaller left intrahepatic duct–common bile duct angle.ConclusionsAs clinical outcomes were generally similar between approaches, percutaneous stenting is recommended for patients with Bismuth type III or IV advanced HC. Acute left intrahepatic duct–common bile duct angulation predicts endoscopic stenting failure. If endoscopic stenting fails, immediate conversion to the percutaneous approach is a necessary and effective rescue method.
Resident‐Centered Care in 10 U.S. Nursing Homes: Residents’ Perspectives
Authors: Harrison Jill , Frampton Susan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPurposeWith increased focus on resident‐centered care (RCC) as an organizational imperative and a guiding principle of culture change for long‐term care communities, evaluation of its success has centered primarily on the organizational perspective.MethodsFor this case report, we examine resident perspectives of RCC in 10 nursing homes across the United States that had adopted RCC as a philosophy and model of care for at least 12 months with a maximum engagement of 3 years using a phenomenological approach.FindingsQualitative findings from 20 focus groups with residents in 10 nursing homes suggest that RCC has meaning in ways that are consistent with intentions at the national and state levels to advance culture change in nursing homes, including efforts to create a more homelike environment, increase resident decision making and direction of his or her lifestyle, and put residents first.Clinical RelevanceResidents attribute increased choice in wake and bed times, being heard by organizational leaders, and consistent staff assignment as positive changes since RCC began. However, according to residents, aspects of institutional life in nursing homes, inconsistent with RCC, remain. Residents identified three areas of improvement that would make nursing homes more resident centered. The three areas are response time, access to nature, and transparency about illness and death in the community.
Formulation of orodispersible films for paediatric therapy: investigation of feasibility and stability for tetrabenazine as drug model
Authors: Senta-Loys Zoé , Bourgeois Sandrine , Pailler-Mattei Cyril , Agusti Géraldine , Briançon Stéphanie , Fessi Hatem 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

Objectives
Orodispersible films (ODF) were formulated to facilitate tetrabenazine (TBZ) administration to paediatric population for the treatment of hyperkinetic movement disorders.

Methods
ODF were obtained by solvent casting/evaporation method using four different polymers (HPMC, PVP, pullulan and HEC). Physicochemical, mechanical and biopharmaceutical characterizations as well as API state in ODF by thermal analysis were investigated to define and compare formulations. ODF stability was also monitored during 6 months to follow evolution of properties.

Key findings
Analyses at T0 showed few differences between formulations: results of physicochemical and mechanical characterizations were almost similar for each formulation and TBZ appeared at the amorphous state in all cases. ODF delivery system allowed a major improvement of TBZ dissolution profile in buccal conditions compared with pure drug. However, after 3 and 6 months of stability, a TBZ recrystallization occurred for formulations based on PVP and HEC associated with a decrease of drug release in saliva conditions.

Conclusions
HPMC-ODF (F1) appeared as the best formulation. Indeed, physicochemical, mechanical and biopharmaceutical characteristic remained intact. In addition, TBZ remained in amorphous state during stability study.
Making sense of genetic estimates of effective population size
Authors: Waples Robin S. 
Published: September 2016

The last decade has seen an explosion of interest in use of genetic markers to estimate effective population size, Ne. Effective population size is important both theoretically (Ne is a key parameter in almost every aspect of evolutionary biology) and for practical application (Ne determines rates of genetic drift and loss of genetic variability and modulates the effectiveness of selection, so it is crucial to consider in conservation). As documented by Palstra & Fraser (), most of the recent growth in Ne estimation can be attributed to development or refinement of methods that can use a single sample of individuals (the older temporal method requires at least two samples separated in time). As with other population genetic methods, performance of new Ne estimators is typically evaluated with simulated data for a few scenarios selected by the author(s). Inevitably, these initial evaluations fail to fully consider the consequences of violating simplifying assumptions, such as discrete generations, closed populations of constant size and selective neutrality. Subsequently, many researchers studying natural or captive populations have reported estimates of Ne for multiple methods; often these estimates are congruent, but that is not always the case. Because true Ne is rarely known in these empirical studies, it is difficult to make sense of the results when estimates differ substantially among methods. What is needed is a rigorous, comparative analysis under realistic scenarios for which true Ne is known. Recently, Gilbert & Whitlock () did just that for both single‐sample and temporal methods under a wide range of migration schemes. In the current issue of Molecular Ecology, Wang () uses simulations to evaluate performance of four single‐sample Ne estimators. In addition to assessing effects of true Ne, sample size, and number of loci, Wang also evaluated performance under changing abundance, physical linkage and genotyping errors, as well as for some alternative life histories (high rates of selfing; haplodiploids). Wang showed that the sibship frequency (SF) and linkage disequilibrium (LD) methods perform dramatically better than the heterozygote excess and molecular coancestry methods under most scenarios (see Fig. 1, modified from figure 2 in Wang ), and he also concluded that SF is generally more versatile than LD. This article represents a truly Herculean effort, and results should be of considerable value to researchers interested in applying these methods to real‐world situations.
The Veracity of Prophecy and Christ's Knowledge
Authors: Gaine Simon Francis 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIt is widely assumed by scholars that Christ was in error on such matters as an expectation that the final judgement and its accompanying events would occur within the timeframe of a generation. While accepting that Christ did indeed prophesy his return within this timeframe, a recent co‐authored work When the Son of Man Didn't Come aims to defend the veracity of his prophecy by drawing on the same historical‐critical method that has given rise to doubts about it. The authors propose a distinction between Mosaic and Jeremianic prophecy, arguing that Christ's was of the latter kind, which was present in the Ancient Near East, the Old and New Testaments, and other Jewish and Christian authors. Their argument, however, is at risk of reducing the truthfulness of a prophecy to its success. Hence this article explores a further distinction between two kinds of prophecy made in Thomas Aquinas's account of the truthfulness of prophecy, mapping it onto the Mosaic‐Jeremianic distinction, and arguing that, in view of this linking of Aquinas's understanding of prophecy to the argument of the book, the book certainly adds to the set of proposed theological explanations of how Christ's prophecy of his return was true.
Steroid vs. Platelet‐Rich Plasma in Ultrasound‐Guided Sacroiliac Joint Injection for Chronic Low Back Pain
Authors: Singla Varun , Batra Yatindra K. , Bharti Neerja , Goni Vijay G. , Marwaha Neelam 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundDespite widespread use of steroids to treat sacroiliac joint (SIJ) pain, their duration of pain reduction is short. Platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) can potentially enhance tissue healing and may have a longer‐lasting effect on pain.ObjectivesTo assess the efficacy and safety of PRP compared with methylprednisolone in ultrasound‐guided SIJ injection for low back pain.Study DesignProspective randomized open blinded end point (PROBE) study.MethodsForty patients with chronic low back pain diagnosed with SIJ pathology were randomly allocated into 2 groups. Group S received 1.5 mL of methylprednisolone (40 mg/mL) and 1.5 mL of 2% lidocaine with 0.5 mL of saline, while Group P received 3 mL of leukocyte‐free PRP with 0.5 mL of calcium chloride into ultrasound‐guided SIJ injection. Visual analog scale (VAS) scores, Modified Oswestry Disability Questionnaire (MODQ) scores, Short Form (SF‐12) Health Survey scores, and complications (if any) were evaluated at 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks, and 3 months.ResultsIntensity of pain was significantly lower in Group P at 6 weeks (median [interquartile range (IQR)] = 1 [1 to 1] vs. 3.5 [2 to 5]; P = 0.0004) and 3 months (Median [IQR] = 1 [1 to 3] vs. 5 [3 to 5]; P = 0.0002) as compared to Group S. The efficacy of steroid injection was reduced to only 25% at 3 months in Group S, while it was 90% in Group P. A strong association was observed in patients receiving PRP and showing a reduction of VAS ≥ 50% from baseline when other factors were controlled. The MODQ and SF‐12 scores were improved initially for up to 4 weeks but deteriorated further at 3 months in Group S, while both the scores improved gradually for up to 3 months in Group P.ConclusionThe intra‐articular PRP injection is an effective treatment modality in low back pain involving SIJ.
Fertility suppression of some wildlife species in southern Africa—a review
Authors: Bertschinger HJ , Caldwell P 
Published: September 2016

ContentsGenerally speaking, southern Africa's wildlife populations in small‐to‐medium‐sized protected game reserves (10,000–65,000 ha) reproduce at rapid rates which often lead overpopulation of certain species. Most commonly these are large predators such as lions, African wild dogs and cheetahs, and elephants. Overpopulation of large predators leads to depletion of prey species, breakouts into neighbouring communities and increased risks for disease transmission. An overabundance of elephants leads to habitat destruction which is to the detriment of not only other herbivores but also certain bird species. By far, the most acceptable and effective method of population control is contraception. Another problem, particularly in South Africa, is the large numbers of large predators that are held in zoos, wildlife sanctuaries or captive breeding facilities. Once again, there is a need for contraception to control the rate of reproduction. In this review, we discuss the methods that have been most commonly used for some wildlife species in southern Africa. The methods include hormonal control and immunocontraception. We also address the problem of androgen‐related aggressive behaviours in elephant bulls and giraffe males and present solutions that have been used to ameliorate such behaviours.
Videovaginoscopy of the canine vagina
Authors: Lévy X 
Published: September 2016

ContentsEndoscopy enables a rapid and non‐traumatic examination of the vaginal cavity of female dogs. Its implementation requires specific equipment as well as knowledge about the species‐specific vaginal anatomy and the procedure. Vaginoscopy is the diagnostic tool of choice for several vaginal conditions and diseases such as congenital abnormalities, neoplasia or ectopic ureter. Furthermore, vaginal inspection may provide additional information in cases of vulvar discharge or infertility. Vaginoscopy is a superior tool compared to other methods in assisted reproduction. Changes of the vaginal mucosa during the oestrous cycle can be observed to determine the hormonal actions and the time of ovulations in addition to other routine examinations, such as progesterone assay and vaginal cytology. Finally, intrauterine insemination, which is recommended for insemination with frozen–thawed semen, can be performed endoscopically by transcervical catheterization.
Evaluation of spermatozoal function—useful tools or just science
Authors: Niżański W , Partyka A , Prochowska S 
Published: September 2016

ContentsConventional microscopic semen analysis does not provide precise information on the fertilizing potential of a male. The traditional basis for semen evaluation is that male fertility is dependent on production of a “proper” concentration/number of motile, morphologically normal spermatozoa in excess to achieve conception. Many independent studies, especially in human medicine, have demonstrated that the absolute number of spermatozoa does not accurately determine fertility, but their functional competence. Many functional tests of spermatozoa are developed over the last decades. Computer‐assisted sperm analysis (CASA) and flow cytometry have become the gold standard for semen assessment in specialized andrology laboratories. Other functional assays, such as gamete interaction tests, provide additional information regarding the real fertilizing potential of sperm cells. From this point of view, such tests are valuable diagnostic tools in fertility disorders and may be helpful to make a decision which method of treatment to use: pharmacological therapy, intrauterine insemination, introduction of classic IVF, ICSI or exclusion from a breeding programme. The most useful gamete interaction tests include induced acrosome reaction, zona pellucida binding assay, oocyte penetration assay and hyaluronan binding assay. In recent years, andrology has entered into a new era of sophisticated OMICS methods. Genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics and proteomics brought high hopes for rapid progress in clinical diagnostics.