bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can Neural Activity Propagate by Endogenous Electrical Field?
Authors: Qiu Chen , Shivacharan Rajat S. , Zhang Mingming , Durand Dominique M. 
Published: December 2015

It is widely accepted that synaptic transmissions and gap junctions are the major governing mechanisms for signal traveling in the neural system. Yet, a group of neural waves, either physiological or pathological, share the same speed of ∼0.1 m/s without synaptic transmission or gap junctions, and this speed is not consistent with axonal conduction or ionic diffusion. The only explanation left is an electrical field effect. We tested the hypothesis that endogenous electric fields are sufficient to explain the propagation within silicoandin vitroexperiments. Simulation results show that field effects alone can indeed mediate propagation across layers of neurons with speeds of 0.12 ± 0.09 m/s with pathological kinetics, and 0.11 ± 0.03 m/s with physiologic kinetics, both generating weak field amplitudes of ∼2–6 mV/mm. Further, the model predicted that propagation speed values are inversely proportional to the cell-to-cell distances, but do not significantly change with extracellular resistivity, membrane capacitance, or membrane resistance.In vitrorecordings in mice hippocampi produced similar speeds (0.10 ± 0.03 m/s) and field amplitudes (2.5–5 mV/mm), and by applying a blocking field, the propagation speed was greatly reduced. Finally, osmolarity experiments confirmed the model's prediction that cell-to-cell distance inversely affects propagation speed. Together, these results show that despite their weak amplitude, electric fields can be solely responsible for spike propagation at ∼0.1 m/s. This phenomenon could be important to explain the slow propagation of epileptic activity and other normal propagations at similar speeds.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNeural activity (waves or spikes) can propagate using well documented mechanisms such as synaptic transmission, gap junctions, or diffusion. However, the purpose of this paper is to provide an explanation for experimental data showing that neural signals can propagate by means other than synaptic transmission, gap junction, or diffusion. The results indicate that electric fields (ephaptic effects) are capable of mediating propagation of self-regenerating neural waves. This novel mechanism coupling cell-by-volume conduction could be involved in other types of propagating neural signals, such as slow-wave sleep, sharp hippocampal waves, theta waves, or seizures.
NMDA Receptors Containing the GluN2D Subunit Control Neuronal Function in the Subthalamic Nucleus
Authors: Swanger Sharon A. , Vance Katie M. , Pare Jean-François , Sotty Florence , Fog Karina , Smith Yoland , Traynelis Stephen F. 
Published: December 2015

The GluN2D subunit of the NMDA receptor is prominently expressed in the basal ganglia and associated brainstem nuclei, including the subthalamic nucleus (STN), globus pallidus, striatum, and substantia nigra. However, little is known about how GluN2D-containing NMDA receptors contribute to synaptic activity in these regions. Using Western blotting of STN tissue punches, we demonstrated that GluN2D is expressed in the rat STN throughout development [age postnatal day 7 (P7)–P60] and in the adult (age P120). Immunoelectron microscopy of the adult rat brain showed that GluN2D is predominantly expressed in dendrites, unmyelinated axons, and axon terminals within the STN. Using subunit-selective allosteric modulators of NMDA receptors (TCN-201, ifenprodil, CIQ, and DQP-1105), we provide evidence that receptors containing the GluN2B and GluN2D subunits mediate responses to exogenously applied NMDA and glycine, as well as synaptic NMDA receptor activation in the STN of rat brain slices. EPSCs in the STN were mediated primarily by AMPA and NMDA receptors and GluN2D-containing NMDA receptors controlled the slow deactivation time course of EPSCs in the STN.In vivorecordings from the STN of anesthetized adult rats demonstrated that the spike firing rate was increased by the GluN2C/D potentiator CIQ and decreased by the GluN2C/D antagonist DQP-1105, suggesting that NMDA receptor activity can influence STN output. These data indicate that the GluN2B and GluN2D NMDA receptor subunits contribute to synaptic activity in the STN and may represent potential therapeutic targets for modulating subthalamic neuron activity in neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a key component of the basal ganglia, a group of subcortical nuclei that control movement and are dysregulated in movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease. Subthalamic neurons receive direct excitatory input, but the pharmacology of excitatory synaptic transmission in the STN has been understudied. Here, we show that GluN2B- and GluN2D-containing NMDA receptors mediate the NMDA receptor component of EPSCs in subthalamic neurons. Moreover, our results demonstrate that pharmacologic modulation of GluN2D-containing receptors alters the time course of EPSCs and controls thein vivospike-firing rate in the STN. This study identifies GluN2D as a potential target for modulating subthalamic neuron activity.
Use of microbubble contrast in the diagnosis of a left ventricular papillary fibroelastoma
Authors: Duke Jenny , Greaves Kim , Dettrick Andrew 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
A papillary fibroelastoma is a rare, avascular, cardiac tumour that is often found incidentally using transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). Peripheral i.v. injection of a microbubble contrast agent is often used to characterize abnormal masses within the heart allowing further delineation of physical features, the area of attachment, and vascularity of the mass in order to differentiate the growth from a tumour or a thrombus. This case highlights a potential pitfall when assessing a cardiac tumour’s vascularity using contrast TTE. A cardiac mass was identified on a TTE of a 53-year-old man and was further investigated with microbubble contrast-enhanced TTE. Contrast TTE imaging suggested a vascularized structure in the left ventricle. However, after histological examination the tumour was found to be entirely avascular.
Nucleosomes Are Essential for Proper Regulation of a Multigated Promoter inSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Yarrington Robert M , Goodrum Jenna M , Stillman David J 
Published: December 2015

AbstractNucleosome-depleted regions (NDRs) are present immediately adjacent to the transcription start site in most eukaryotic promoters. Here we show that NDRs in the upstream promoter region can profoundly affect gene regulation. Chromatin at the yeast HO promoter is highly repressive and numerous coactivators are required for expression. We modified the HO promoter with segments from the well-studied CLN2 NDR, creating chimeric promoters differing in nucleosome occupancy but with binding sites for the same activator, SBF. Nucleosome depletion resulted in substantial increases in both factor binding and gene expression and allowed activation from a much longer distance, probably by allowing recruited coactivators to act further downstream. Nucleosome depletion also affected sequential activation of the HO promoter; HO activation typically requires the ordered recruitment of activators first to URS1, second to the left-half of URS2 (URS2-L), and finally to the right-half of URS2 (URS2-R), with each region representing distinct gates that must be unlocked to achieve activation. The absence of nucleosomes at URS2-L resulted in promoters no longer requiring both the URS1 and URS2-L gates, as either gate alone is now sufficient to promote binding of the SBF factor to URS2-R. Furthermore, nucleosome depletion at URS2 altered the timing of HO expression and bypassed the regulation that restricts expression to mother cells. Our results reveal insight into how nucleosomes can create a requirement for ordered recruitment of factors to facilitate complex transcriptional regulation.
Minister als Akteure der Fusionskontrolle
Authors: Immenga Ulrich 
Published: December 2015

Zusammenfassung
Minister sind Mitglieder einer Regierung. Auf dieser Grundlage sind sie in der Regel Spitze eines obersten Zweiges der Staatsverwaltung und tragen die Verantwortung in ihrem Geschäftsbereich für die ihnen übertragenen Richtlinien der Politik. Unternehmenszusammenschlüsse können nach Branche, Größe oder Internationalität wirtschaftspolitisch von Belang sein und damit Aufgaben von Wirtschaftsministerien betreffen. Diese können von Wettbewerbsbehörden untersagte Zusammenschlüsse legalisieren oder bereits im Verfahren der Zusammenschlusskontrolle ministerielle Vorstellungen einbringen. Welche Wege sind in diesen Bereichen denkbar? Ein rechtsvergleichender Überblick könnte hier weiterführend sein.
European Union competition law in the digital era
Authors: Kadar Massimiliano 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
What is the role of European competition policy in the digital economy? Even if it cannot deal with all perceived issues in digital markets, competition law enforcement is the appropriate tool to remedy distortions to competition caused by market power, without the introduction of pervasive ex-ante sector-specific regulation being required. Whilst some of the proposals for reform of the European competition law legal framework recently brought may have some merit in principle, the current regime appears to be suitable and sufficiently flexible to allow the Commission to intervene effectively and remedy competitive distortions in digital markets.
AKSI BOIKOT PAJAK MENURUT HUKUM ISLAM
Authors: Purkon Arip 
Published: December 2015

Abstract: Tax Boycott According to Islamic law. Taxes are the largest source of state revenue. Budget development and government operations have a heavy reliance on taxes. However, in tax management is often found in cases involving criminal tax among other tax officials. This has led to the decline in public confidence in the tax administration and thus creating a discourse of boycott taxes. This tax boycott called by various groups, individuals, community leaders, Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs) to religious organizations. This paper discusses the boycott of the tax according to Islamic law. The first thing to be discussed is how the legality of the tax and the historical development of various charges in Islam. A study on the boycott taxes according to Islamic law is used mursalah mashlahah theory and sadd al-dzari'ah. Keywords: Taxation, Islamic Law, Mashlahat, Sadd al-dzari'ah, State Abstrak: Aksi Boikot Pajak Menurut Hukum Islam. Pajak merupakan sumber pendapatan negara terbesar. Anggaran pembangunan dan operasional pemerintahan mempunyai ketergantungan yang besar pada pajak. Namun dalam pengelolaan pajak seringkali ditemukan kasus pidana pajak yang melibatkan antara lain pegawai pajak. Hal ini menimbulkan turunnya kepercayaan publik terhadap pengelolaan pajak sehingga lahirlah wacana aksi boikot pajak. Aksi boikot pajak ini diserukan oleh berbagai kalangan, baik individu, tokoh masyarakat, Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat (LSM) sampai organisasi keagamaan. Tulisan ini membahas aksi boikot pajak tersebut menurut hukum Islam. Hal pertama yang dibahas adalah bagaimana legalitas pajak dan sejarah perkembangan berbagai pungutan di dalam Islam. Kajian tentang aksi boikot pajak menurut hukum Islam ini menggunakan teori mashlahah mursalah dan sadd al-dzari’ah. Kata Kunci: Pajak, Hukum Islam, Mashlahat, Sadd al-Dzari’ah, NegaraDOI:10.15408/sjsbs.v1i1.1529
UANG DALAM PERSPEKTIF EKONOMI ISLAM
Authors: Takiddin Takiddin 
Published: December 2015

Abstract: Money in the Islamic Economic Perspectives. This article aims at giving description about money in the perspective of Islamic economic. The data gathered through library research. Islamic economic system is different from economic system with the basis of socialism, capitalism, mix economic, communism, and traditional; one of the differences is on its perspective towards money. The function of money in Islamic economic perspectives is that it functions as a medium of exchange for goods and services. Islam forbids stacking money and making money as a commodity. Because stacking money slows down the velocity of money. It gives impact on minimizing financial transaction and resulting to the economic decrease. Islam proscribes interest and refuses all pseudo-transactions as happen in money market and capital market. Keywords: money, Islamic economics Abstrak: Uang Dalam Persfektif Ekonomi Islam. Artikel ini ditulis untuk memberikan gambaran tentang uang dalam perspektif ekonomi Islam. Guna memperoleh data yang dimaksud, penulis melakukan kajian kepustakaan. Sistem Ekonomi Islam berbeda dengan sistem ekonomi kapitalisme, sosialisme, ekonomi campuran, komunisme dan sistem ekonomi tradisional. Salah satu perbedaannya adalah pandangan terhadap fungsi uang. Fungsi uang dalam perspektif ekonomi Islam hanya terbatas pada uang sebagai alat tukar barang dan jasa. Islam melarang penumpukan uang dan menjadikan uang sebagai sebuah komoditas. Karena penimbunan uang berarti memperlambat perputaran uang. Hal ini berarti memperkecil terjadinya transaksi, sehingga perekonomian menjadi lesu. Islam mengharamkan riba dan menolak segala jenis transaksi semu seperti yang terjadi di pasar uang atau pasar modal saat ini. Kata Kunci: Uang, Ekonomi IslamDOI:10.15408/sjsbs.v1i2.1539
PLAGIAT DAN PEMBAJAKAN KARYA CIPTA DALAM HAK KEKAYAAN INTELEKTUAL
Authors: Nahrowi Nahrowi 
Published: December 2015

Abstract: Plagiarism and Piracy on copyrights Work in Intellectual Property Rights. Indonesia already has constitution on copy rights work, i.e. Constitution No. 6 Year 1982, Constitution No. 7 Year 1987, Constitution No. 12 Year 1997 and Constitution No. 19 Year 2002. Constitution on copyrights was made to protect sources of arts and cultures, also to develop Indonesian intellectual ability, so that healthy and fair competitions are guaranteed for national development. However, plagiarism and piracy acts emerge. Moreover, plagiarism and piracy acts are done not only in Indonesia but also in the world involving respected such as reporters, academicians, professors, distinguished people, and reputable musicians or even famous companies. Keywords: copyrights, plagiarism, piracy Abstrak: Plagiat dan Pembajakan Karya Cipta Dalam Hak Kekayaan Intelektual. Indonesia telah memiliki Undang-undang Hak Cipta, yaitu; Undang-undang Nomor 6 Tahun 1982, UU Nomor 7 Tahun 1987, UU Nomor 12 Tahun 1997, dan yang terakhir adalah UU Nomor 19 Tahun 2002. Undang-undang Hak Cipta dibuat untuk melindungi kekayaan seni dan budaya, serta pengembangan kemampuan intelektual masyarakat Indonesia agar terdapat iklim persaingan usaha yang sehat yang diperlukan dalam melaksanakan pembangunan nasional. Akan tetapi, kasus plagiat dan pembajakan karya cipta semakin banyak bermunculan. Lebih parah lagi, kasus plagiat dan pembajakan karya cipta bukan hanya terjadi di Indonesia bahkan di luar Indonesia dan menimpa para tokoh terkemuka; wartawan, akademisi, professor, penerima penghargaan kelas dunia dan musisi ternama, dan perusahaan-perusahaan ternama. Kata Kunci: hak cipta, karya cipta, plagiat dan pembajakanDOI:10.15408/sjsbs.v1i2.1541
Mi colegio de Luis Antonio de Villena y la inminencia de la injuria
Authors: Coto-Rivel Sergio 
Published: December 2015

El presente artículo se centra sobre la escritura íntima del escritor español Luis Antonio de Villena, particularmente sobre su libro de memorias <em>Mi colegio</em>, publicado en 2006. De esta manera, el artículo está construido a partir de dos preguntas básicas: en primer lugar ¿cuáles son las estrategias discursivas que caracterizan la escritura de memorias en el texto seleccionado? Y en segundo lugar, ¿de qué manera la injuria como acto discursivo se presenta como un hilo conductor en la narración de la memoria del autor? Las respuestas a estas interrogantes serán desarrolladas a partir del análisis textual de <em>Mi colegio</em>, la comparación con otros textos autobiográficos del autor y el apoyo de una serie de elementos teóricos que fundamentan nuestras hipótesis.
Performance of the cobas® influenza A/B assay for rapid PCR-based detection of influenza compared to Prodesse ProFlu+ and viral culture
Authors: Chen L. , Tian Y. , Chen S. , Liesenfeld O. 
Published: December 2015

Rapid and accurate diagnosis of influenza is important for patient management and infection control. We determined the performance of the cobas® Influenza A/B assay, a rapid automated nucleic acid assay performed on the cobas® Liat System for qualitative detection of influenza A and influenza B from nasopharyngeal (NP) swab specimens. Retrospective frozen and prospectively collected NP swabs from patients with signs and symptoms of influenza collected in universal transport medium (UTM) were tested at multiple sites including CLIA-waived sites using the cobas® Influenza A/B assay. Results were compared to the Prodesse ProFlu+ assay and to viral culture. Compared to the Prodesse ProFlu+ Assay, sensitivities of the cobas® Influenza A/B assay for influenza A and B were 97.7 and 98.6%, respectively; specificity was 99.2 and 99.4%. Compared to viral culture, the cobas® Influenza A/B assay showed sensitivities of 97.5 and 96.9% for influenza virus A and B, respectively; specificities were 97.9% for both viruses. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)/sequencing showed that the majority of viral culture negative but cobas® Influenza A/B positive results were true positive results, indicating that the cobas® Influenza A/B assay has higher sensitivity compared to viral culture.
In conclusion, the excellent accuracy, rapid time to result, and remarkable ease of use make the cobas® Influenza A/B nucleic acid assay for use on the cobas® Liat System a highly suitable point-of-care solution for the management of patients with suspected influenza A and B infection.
Development of magnetorheological brake with two coils placed on each side of the brake housing
Authors: Hung Nguyen Quoc , Diep Nguyen Ngoc , Dzung Nguyen Si 
Published: December 2015

In this study a new configuration of magneto-rheological brake (MRB) with two coils placed on each side of the brake housing is proposed, optimally designed and evaluated. With this configuration, the MRB is expected to provide higher braking torque, more compact size than traditional MRB. After describing an introduction of the proposed configuration, braking torque of the proposed MRB is analyzed based on Bingham-plastic rheological model of magnetorheological fluid (MRF). The optimization of the proposed MRB, the MRB with one coil placed on each side of the brake housing and the conventional MRB is then performed considering maximum braking torque and mass of the brakes Based on the optimal results, advanced performance characteristics of the proposed MRB are figured out.
Konsep Maqâmât dalam Tradisi Sufistik K.H. Ahmad Asrori al-Ishaqy
Authors: Rosidi Rosidi 
Published: December 2015

The article discusses the concept of sufistic thinking <br />of K.H. Ahmad Asrori al-Ishaqy, the murshid (the spiritual <br />guide) of al-Qâdirîyah wa al-Naqshabandîyah tariqa and the <br />founder of al-Fithrah Islamic Boarding School in Kedinding <br />Lor 99 Kenjeran Surabaya. In this article, the writer focuses <br />mostly on the stages of the sufistic thinking of Kiai Asrori, <br />because there are many sufistic concept that he stated. In <br />addition, the writer tries to unveil Kiai Asrori‟s concepts on <br />sufistic realm which are implemented in daily lives, not only <br />by himself, but also by his pupils and his followers. The <br />purpose of this research is to describe the sufistic concept of <br />Kiai Asrori, focusing on the stage (maqâmat) which has been <br />stated in his public sermon, his statement stated for certain <br />people, and also by his scipts. Besides, the purpose of this <br />research is also to describe about how to implement his <br />concepts in daily lives. The writer argues that the concept of <br />the maqâmat stated by Kiai Asrori is different from other <br />Islamic mysticism figure before him not only in terms of <br />numbers but also in orders. The most significant difference is <br />that the followers do not have to follow the stage step by step. <br />According to him, his followers may choose the maqâmat<br />which are suitable with their ability.
Factores protectores e de vulnerabilidade na adaptação emocional e académica dos filhos ao divórcio dos pais
Authors: Homem Tatiana Carvalho , Canavarro Maria Cristina , Pereira Ana Isabel Leite de Freitas 
Published: December 2015

Até à década de 70, a separação/divórcio conjugal era preponderantemente analisada do ponto de vista moral e jurídico e conceptualizada como um acontecimento com consequências muito negativas para o desenvolvimento dos filhos do casal. Desde essa altura, progressivamente, abordagens menos lineares e disciplinarmente mais integradoras, têm oferecido uma perspectiva sobre o divórcio como um processo complexo, que envolve várias componentes (psicológicas, legais, económicas, parentais e sociais) e que exige adaptações familiares e individuais diversas, aos pais e aos filhos. Esta nova perspectiva implica uma atenção à diversidade de trajectórias desenvolvimentais e um foco nos mecanismos e processos responsáveis por essas diferenças. Este trabalho tem como tarefa caracterizar a adaptação (avaliada através do ajustamento emocional e académico) de crianças filhas de pais divorciados, comparando-a com a apresentada por crianças pertencentes a famílias intactas. A amostra da investigação, constituída por 426 crianças do 3º e 4º ano do 1º ciclo, os seus pais e professores, foi recolhida em várias escolas públicas e privadas das regiões Norte, Centro e Sul de Portugal.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17575/rpsicol.v23i1.315
Mudança terapêutica e momentos de inovação
Authors: Gonçalves Miguel , Santos Anita , Matos Marlene , Mendes Inês , Martins Carla 
Published: December 2015

De acordo com White e Epston (1990), a construção da mudança em psicoterapia ocorre a partir da ampliação de resultados únicos, ou de momentos de inovação (MIs), como preferimos denominá-los. Os resultados únicos são excepções à história saturada pelo problema que podem viabilizar uma nova narrativa. Neste estudo, analisam-se os MIs em cinco casos com bons resultados terapêuticos e cinco casos com reduzido sucesso terapêutico. Os resultados revelam que há diferenças significativas ao nível da saliência (tempo de elaboração na sessão), que é mais elevada no grupo com bons resultados terapêuticos, e em relação aos MIs de reconceptualização e novas experiências, tipos de MIs que estão quase ausentes no grupo com insucesso. Sugere-se um modelo de construção de novas narrativas em que os MIs de reconceptualização possibilitam o desenvolvimento de uma meta-posição sobre o próprio processo de mudança. Deste modo, promove-se o desenvolvimento do sentido de autoria da narrativa de vida e também de novos guiões para a mesma (MIs de novas experiências).DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17575/rpsicol.v23i1.317
Aversão sexual sob uma perspectva freudiana
Authors: Terzis Antonios , Oliveira Gustavo Presídio 
Published: December 2015

A aversão não adquiriu um estatuto de conceito na obra de Freud, porém abriga nela a série de afetos e reações, tais como o nojo e a repugnância, tendo grande importância na constituição e na vida do homem civilizado, assim como participa nas manifestações da repulsa à sexualidade e aos seus objetos. A aversão não é dada de antemão, mas é uma consequência da vida em cultura, constituindo o estágio inicial, após o complexo de castração, em que se erguem as barreiras à sexualidade infantil perversa e polimorfa em direção às aquisições culturais via o recalcamento, a sublimação, a identificação etc. Trata-se do sinal afetivo-corporal em que a sexualidade perversa polimorfa se negativa na latência para dar vez a uma entrada subjetiva no âmbito social e cultural.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17575/rpsicol.v23i1.321