bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Relative Permeability Rock-Typing Methodology With a Clustering Method Combined With a Heuristic Optimization Procedure
Authors: Compan A. L. , Bodstein G. C. , Couto P.. 
Published: May 2016

Summary
Many methods are used to group and classify rocks, most of them designed to be applied to all petrophysical properties, in general. Some authors, however, point out that these generic classifications may not be able to capture the complexity of the relative permeability property, resulting in highly spread relative permeability groups. These authors use correlations between petrophysical data and relative permeability curves to obtain two-phase dynamic rock types through a manual process. The present work describes a general, systematic, and semiautomatic methodology to determine the relative permeability classes (rock types) from relative permeability experimental data, by use of a clustering method associated with an optimization procedure. Clustering methods are able to classify elements according to their similarities in an n-dimensional space of characteristics, but they may not be able to produce clusters with little data scattering of relative permeability, because these clusters must be related to the rock characteristics available in the reservoir model. The method proposed in this investigation uses a clustering method to obtain groups of reservoir-model rock characteristics associated with an optimization method to deform the space of characteristics (clustering space) such that the clusters become representative dynamic classes with minimum spread of relative permeability curves. The results show a significant decrease of the data scattering found among the relative permeability curves within the groups, therefore reducing the uncertainty of the relative permeability used in reservoir simulations. In our methodology, the relative permeability boundaries of each group are also defined, such that every group has its own set of relative permeability curves with some uncertainty for the curve that represents the group. The associated confidence interval of each curve is evaluated with the Student's-t distribution to determine the relative permeability optimistic and pessimistic curves for each group. These boundaries allow optimistic and pessimist scenarios to be drawn.
Investigation of Biodiesel-Based Drilling Fluid, Part 2: Formulation Design, Rheological Study, and Laboratory Evaluation
Authors: Li Wai , Zhao Xionghu , Ji Yihui , Peng Hui , Chen Bin , Liu Lan , Han Xiao 
Published: May 2016

Summary
This paper presents an environmentally friendly, biodiesel-based invert-emulsion drilling fluid (BBDF). On the basis of the stable emulsion previously optimized (which was presented in Part 1), several necessary additives, including an organophilic clay (OC), a fluid-loss (FL) -control agent and a rheological modifier (RM), were developed or selected to formulate the BBDF. Numerous laboratory tests of different properties were conducted to evaluate the properties of this drilling fluid. BBDF has a rheological behavior and filtration properties that meet the requirements of drilling operations. It exhibits good shale-inhibition ability, excellent lubricity, and tolerance to contaminants. Low toxicity and great biodegradability are the prominent advantages of this system. After evaluating the suitabilities of known rheological models for BBDF, a hydraulic simulation was carried out on the basis of the Herschel-Bulkley model. BBDF performs similarly to conventional oil-based drilling fluids (OBDFs) subject to deepwater drilling conditions. High performance and great environmental compliance make BBDF a promising option for marine or extended-reach drilling. In addition, novel OC produced from rectorite and nonionic surfactants was successfully introduced into this drilling fluid. This modified rectorite is expected to be a substitute for conventional organobentonite.
Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 (MCP-1) as a Predictor of Prolonged Urinary Incontinence After Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Liss Michael A. , Ahlering Thomas E. , Morales Blanca , Gordon Adam , Osann Kathryn , Skarecky Douglas , Lusch Achim , Zaldivar Frank , Ghoniem Gamal M. 
Published: May 2016

Objectives:
To investigate monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) as a novel urinary biomarker to predict prolonged post prostatectomy incontinence.

Methods:
Men submitted urine samples prior to robotic radical prostatectomy. MCP-1 values were derived using an ELISA test. Pad usage at 7, 30, and 60 days were documented by patient post cards mailed when zero pads was reached. The primary outcome was defined as no incontinence pad usage at 30 days at prostatectomy.

Results:
After exclusions, 76 patients were included in analyses. Continence was reached by 29% (22/76), 56% (42/76), and (75/76) 98% at 7, 30, and 60 days, respectively. The average MCP-1 (p=0.258) was not different between the continent and incontinent groups. Highest quartile of MCP-1 (MCP > 166 pg/mL) and normalized MCP-1 (MCP-1/TV >0.53) noted a significant delay in continence at 30 days (p=0.050 and p=0.003). Only 26% (5/19) in the highest MCP1/TV quartile were continent, whereas 65% (37/57) of men in the 3 lower quartiles reached zero pad continence (p=0.003). In a logistic regression model the highest quartile of MCP1/TV had a significant chance of being incontinent at 30 days (OR 0.22; 95% CI 0.058-0.80; p=0.022).

Conclusion:
MCP-1/TV is a urinary biomarker that may predict prolonged urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy.
Digital Technology Use Among Individuals with Schizophrenia: Results of an Online Survey
Authors: Gay Katrina , Torous John , Joseph Adam , Pandya Anand , Duckworth Ken 
Published: May 2016

Background
Despite growing interest in the use of digital technology by individuals with schizophrenia, little is known about how these individual relate to, own, and use technology in their daily life and in the context of their symptoms.

Objective
The goal of this study is to better characterize technology use in those with schizophrenia.

Methods
A Web-based survey of individuals’ use of and attitudes toward technology for those 18 years and older self-identifying as having schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or schizophrenia spectrum disorders was conducted. Consumer input was sought in the design of the survey.

Results
In total, 457 individuals responded to this Web-based survey. Ninety percent owned more than one device (personal computer, landline telephone, tablet, public computer, mobile phone without applications or Internet, or smartphone), with many reporting high utilization of multiple devices, and 61% having 2 devices. The respondents reported that Web-based technology helped with support from family and friends, as well as in gathering information. Many respondents used Web-based technology to help identify coping strategies (24% very often or often) including music to help block or manage voices (42%), while others used technology to set alarms/reminders for medication management (28%). Younger respondents in particular anticipated the role of technology growing over time with respect to their recovery.

Conclusions
Survey respondents reported that technology access was common, with utilization involving coping, reminders for medications and appointments, and connection. Overall, attitudes were largely positive. Overuse was a concern for 30% of respondents. The study is limited in its generalizability as the population was highly engaged in mental health treatment (87%), self-identified as living with the disorder, and had awareness of their illness. This survey demonstrates high engagement for a subset of technology-oriented individuals living with schizophrenia. It is not known what percent of individuals with schizophrenia are represented by these technology-oriented survey respondents.
Origins and Deep Water Exploration Potential of Natural Gases in the Offshore South China Sea
Authors: Huang Baojia , Chai Dongshen 
Published: May 2016

This reference is for an abstract only. A full paper was not submitted for this conference.

Abstract
More than ten gas pools in the shallow water region of the Pearl River Mouth (PRM) Basin and the Qiongdongnan (QDN) Basin, the Offshore South China Sea have been discovered since 1983. Gases produced from QDN Basin are characterized by high contents of benzene and toluene and relatively heavy delta13C2 values (-25- -27 permil), and the associated condensates by high abundance of bicadinanes and oleanane, which indicate a good correlation with the coal-bearing sequence of the Oligocene Yacheng Formation in the Basin. In contrast, the gases from PRM Basin contain lower amounts of benzene and toluene, lighter delta13C2 values(-24- -34 permil), and a widely variable concentration of bicadinane and oleanane was identified from the associated condensates, which can be largely correlated with the Lower Oligocene Enping Formation source rocks formed in swamp to shallow lake in the Basin. The available geochemical data have indicated that both the Yacheng Formation and the Enping Formation from the basins contain mainly type III-II2 kerogen with dominant gas potential. The regional geological background indicates that the deep water regions of the two basins share the same hydrocarbon source sags with the shallow-water areas, and developed massive sandstone reservoirs during Oligocene and Miocene. Fluid flowing modeling results show that the deep water regions were on the pathway of lateral migrating gases, implicating to be favorable habitats for gas accumulation. In addition, the reservoirs in the zones have developed abundant bright spots which may reflect the presence of gas. Therefore, it is believed that there are great gas exploration potentials in the deepwater regions of the Offshore South China Sea, and the combination of geochemical data with basin modeling results will help to better define favourable targeting areas and reduce risk associated with the future deepwater exploration in the basins.
Creating Value Through Energy Efficiency Assessments
Authors: Anne Rocher , Speirs Kirsty 
Published: May 2016

This reference is for an abstract only. A full paper was not submitted for this conference.

Abstract
Total has been strongly involved in GHG emissions reduction since several years, initially focusing on flaring reduction: all new projects since 2000 are designed with no continuous flaring and more globally, flaring will be reduced by 50% from 2004 to 2012. Second step of emissions reduction is to focus on combustion: consumptions will exceed wasted energy (flares, vent, losses) in the next years as a result of actions taken to cut by half gas flaring on one hand and evolving characteristics of assets portfolio: mature fields, LNG, extra heavy oils on the other.
As part of the whole picture of Total involvement against climate change, the need to reduce energy consumption, mainly fuel gas, has led Total E&P to set up an energy efficiency action plan for affiliates and new projects.
Energy efficiency assessment methodology developed with a specialized contractor is described, with a focus on 2007 pilots: Anguille field in Gabon (mature oil field under redevelopment with flaring reduction aspect) and Elgin (North Sea gas field under European legislation) in UK. Energy assessments deployment over major Total EP affiliates in 2008 is presented. The paper will show how these assessments aim at drawing a base line, defining and implementing energy efficiency plans in affiliates through listed and ranked efficiency enhancement opportunities, also at defining best practices at corporate level, and thus proposing in the near future quantified objectives of improvement.
Energy efficiency assessment of affiliates not only leads to savings in energy consumptions, and reduction of emissions but also provide business opportunities through better products monetization. And in parallel to improvements on existing operations, a best in class design on new developments will ensure a global improvement of energy use in a near future.
Drainage Network Response to Geological Structures: A Case Study of Joya Mair Oil Field (Pakistan)
Authors: Shahzad Faisal , Mahmmod Syed Amer , Gloaguen Ricahrd 
Published: May 2016

This reference is for an abstract only. A full paper was not submitted for this conference.

Abstract
The Joya Mair Oilfield is part of the folded and imbricated Himalayan thrust sheet in Pakistan. Its drainage networks with transverse streams intersect different geological structures at their highest structural position. This dynamic interaction can be studied by their mutual superposition and different quantitative behaviours. We use drainage network extracted from Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM 90 m) digital elevation data. We use digital image processing techniques on SRTM data and already published maps to prepare lineaments database of the area. The stream power law under steady state condition can be used to calculate incision rates. We extracted 18 streams of the area in the form of longitudinal elevation profiles and catchment area profiles. Then we use this information with stream power law to calculate geomorphic indices i.e. concavity, steepness and incision rates of different stream segments. The fractal dimension of drainage network and lineaments was calculated using box counting method to understand their spatial distribution. We calculate correlation integral between lineaments and drainage to characterise their mutual relationship. We prepare rose diagrams of drainage network and lineaments to observer their individual orientations. Their similar orientation shows that the drainage network has high potential to study structural setting of the area. The derived values of concavity and steepness indices in the study area lie between 0.5 to 3.0 and 40 to 200 respectively. We mark knickpoints location on drainage network and show spatial variation in lithologies and faults distribution. We prepare geomorphic indices maps with marked knickpoints. We observed values of fractal dimension of lineaments and drainage network and comes out to be 1.21 and 1.35 respectively. These values show spatial limitations of lineaments and drainage network of the area. We calculated correlation integral between lineaments and drainage network with higher correlation in the range of 200m of lineaments. This shows that the stream network is influenced by the geological structures. The geomorphic indices maps show that it is a faulted anticline. Thus stream profile analysis can help us to understand geological features regarding oil and gas exploration and reduce the exploration risk. Remote sensing technique is a salient tool to make quick analysis in a cost effective way over all range of scales. The detailed analyses shows structure behaviour and reduce the exploration risk. The nonlinear analysis on lineaments and drainage shows the validity of the derived results.
Preserving Stored Gas Reserves: Self Repairing Cement Sheath Protects Underground Gas Storage Investment
Authors: Moroni N. , Bellabarba M. , Belleggia E. , Illuminati R. , LeRoy-Delage S. 
Published: May 2016

This reference is for an abstract only. A full paper was not submitted for this conference.

Abstract
Underground gas storage (UGS) wells present unique challenges to well integrity. Often drilled across depleted formations that can be difficult to isolate, UGS wells are subject to cyclic stresses of injection and production as gas is stored during times of peak supply for use during times of peak demand. Repeated stress on the cement sheath and the formation in which the gas is stored can result in cement sheath damage or debonding and a loss of stored gas reserves. In addition to the loss of stored gas, the presence of surface gas leaks also poses a danger. UGS wells are placed near populated areas, where their stored energy-on-demand is most needed; as a result, any unwanted annular flows that might occur would present an unacceptable safety risk. Environmental and safety concerns often require that storage operations be suspended on wells with gas leaks to surface. This results not only in lost storage capacity, but also the additional expense of remedial operations or having to drill a new UGS well.
Our study involved the incorporation of a self-repairing sealant material as part of a large-scale UGS development in Northern and Southern Italy. To minimize the possibility of unwanted annular gas flows and the resultant loss of UGS capacity, self-healing cement (SHC) was pumped and placed as part of primary cementing operations. SHC is a unique isolation material with the built-in ability to self-repair. Whenever the cement sheath integrity is compromised by the formation of cracks or a debonding of the cement from the formation or casing (also known as microannulus), and gaseous or liquid hydrocarbon begins to flow through or around the cement sheath, SHC activates automatically, efficiently sealing leak paths and reestablishing well integrity.
In February 2007, the first deployment of SHC in Italy was performed during primary cementing operations on an UGS well. Within days, cement evaluation logs confirmed zonal isolation. SHC had effectively isolated multiple depleted reservoirs with differing formation pressures. This improved hydraulic seal prevents the loss of stored gas, as well as ensuring compliance with local regulatory requirements.
Since the start of the project, 16 wells have been successfully completed using SHC. The SHC slurry was lab tested according to recognized ISO/API procedures, and was mixed and pumped on the well site using standard cementing equipment. These wells have remained leak-free and the cement sheath has demonstrated improved zonal isolation when compared to traditional primary cementing systems.
Uncertainties Associated with Trapping Mechanism of Burgan Reserves in the Bahrah Area, Kuwait
Authors: Ahmed A.M. Manowar , Thakur Sanjeev S. , Al Owaihan Hanan 
Published: May 2016

This reference is for an abstract only. A full paper was not submitted for this conference.

Abstract
The Bahrah area is located on the Kuwait Arch between the giant Burgan field to the south and the Sabiriyah field to the north. An indication of oil was noticed in BH-01, the very first exploration well drilled in Kuwait as early as 1936, but exploration and delineation of Bahrah reserves progressed at a slow pace due to the complexity in structural setting, minor oil columns, widely varying contacts, reservoir qualities and uncertainties associated with seismic mapping.
Seventeen wells have been drilled in Bahrah area that penetrated Burgan intervals, but only four wells have been completed in the formation. Well data gathered to date includes wireline logs of different vintages, cores and well tests. Seismic data set comprises of 2D and 3D surveys and of reasonable quality. There are clear mismatch between observed OWC, ODT & WUT on logs, produced oils and structural closures. This may be due to uncertainties in time-depth conversion and/or trapping mechanism related to role of faults and sand geometries, which is yet to be fully understood. While oil API gravities range between 24 and 29 degrees, continuity in sand bodies across four-way closures/fault segments difficult to suggest due to spacing of the wells.
To address above uncertainties, a strategy has been devised towards data acquisition from wells to be drilled for deeper target including cores and fluids and pressure data from existing wells.
Office Ergonomics, An Effort to Reduce Msd Problem and Maintain Optimum Productivity
Authors: Kuspradiyanto Eko Susetyo , Bida Putu , Cahyono Dwi , Mansyur M. 
Published: May 2016

This reference is for an abstract only. A full paper was not submitted for this conference.

Abstract
Realizing that office works create significant problem related to muscular-skeletal among employee, TI has initiate Office ergonomic training since July 2007.
Socialization of Office Ergonomic performed into active (training) and passive methods (dissemination Office Ergonomic guideline - hand book).
The training conducted at on-office-site, starting with small presentation, train good posture, gesture, stretching and relaxing, following with discussion, checking to employee's working station, analyzing their working station and working posture & gesture, make the documentation and guiding to do prompt and low cost improvements to get ergonomic work station.
Almost all Departments have been trained, followed by enthusiasm employees. Prompt improvements such as: re arranges of desk, positions, monitor height, laghting, working posture are participatory immediately fixed. Other findings such as; non-ergonomic chairs, non adjustable desk, room arrangements, indoor air quality, are being discussed for further action plan.
Those aboved approaches proved as the effective way to deliver Ergonomic knowledge and practice, changing non-ergonomic works style, understanding of good posture and gesture and also increase motivation to the worker to recognize, analyze and make improvements for their working station, provide better working environment, reduce MSD problem and maintain optimum productivity.
Problems of Dealing with NORM in a Country with Limited Experience of Managing Radioactive Waste
Authors: Al Handhali Juma Khalfan , Heaton Brian 
Published: May 2016

This reference is for an abstract only. A full paper was not submitted for this conference.

Abstract
Many countries currently experiencing NORM problems are trying to handle them with limited or no national legislation to deal with them and no national radioactive waste strategy to act as guidance. The operator producing the scale has often to take the lead and produce an acceptable solution because these wastes will be active for thousands of years, long after the oil industry in the country has ceased. This paper describes the problems faced by PDO in Oman and the strategy which has been adopted to deal with them. The sources of guidance available, including current international recommendations will be considered. The difficulties faced in introducing this legislation in the absence of national legislation will be described and the lessons learnt will be outlined. The training and problems of increasing the awareness of staff and contractors will be discussed and the roles that the operator may have to take are identified. The technical problems of the lack of a local infrastructure for sample analysis and instrument calibration will be considered. Some solutions will be suggested from our experiences and the problems that may be faced in the future identified.