bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality Control: The Challenges of Globalization to Nigerian Manufacturing Firms
Authors: SULE OLATUNJI ENIOLA 
Published: April 2017

<p>This work looked at the quality control mechanism in organisation with the mission of getting high quality products/services during production across to the end user. The work looked into quality control concept with much emphasis on tolerance level and went further to show those identified challenges of quality control to Nigerian manufacturing firms. The problems of quality control as well as the internal and external elements affecting quality control. Finally, it was concluded that Nigerian manufacturing firms will find it difficult to cope with the current trend and the challenges of globalization due to the economic problem in the nation; worst still the present economic recession.</p>
Estilo de vida y sus relaciones con la osteoporosis y pérdida del equilibrio corporal
Authors: Porto Elias Ferreira , Oliveira Francisca Chagas , Rocha Gelson Patrício Florentino da , Bernardo Karoline Mayara De Aquiles , Kumpel Claudia , Mattos de Castro Antônio Adolfo 
Published: April 2017

Este é um estudo transversal com abordagem quantitativa e que tem como objetivo avaliar as relações entre estilo de vida e a densidade mineral óssea. A pesquisa se deu com 13 mulheres com idade de 40 a 75 anos. As participantes responderam os seguintes questionários: Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física versão curta (IPAQ); Escala Perfil de Estilo de Vida Individual (NAHAS); e um questionário acerca do perfil sociodemográfico. Todas pesquisadas também realizaram o exame de densitometria óssea e teste de Time Up Go. A idade média foi de 60,7 anos (dp±10,3 ), com IMC de 26,9kg/m2 (dp±4,3). Tinham hábito tabágico e consumiam álcool 8% e 18% respectivamente; tinham diabetes mellitus (38,4%), dislipidemia (30,7%) e hipertensão arterial (84%). No grupo com estilo de vida negativo havia duas pessoas com osteoporose e uma com osteopenia, e no grupo com estilo de vida positivo, apenas uma pessoa com osteopenia. Os indivíduos com estilo de vida negativo tinham maior alteração do equilíbrio corporal em relação aos que tinham estilo de vida positivo. Conclui-se que a perda de massa óssea está mais presente em indivíduos com estilo de vida negativo assim como, a perda do equilíbrio postural.
Treatment of Gummy Smile of Multifactorial Etiology: A Case Report
Authors: Gibson Monica P. , Tatakis Dimitris N. 
Published: April 2017

Introduction: This case report describes the management of a patient diagnosed with excessive gingival display caused by altered passive eruption and hyperactive lip. Treatment for this patient was staged and included esthetic crown lengthening and a subsequent lip repositioning procedure.Case Presentation: A 17‐year‐old female was referred for assessment of a “gummy smile.” The patient reported a history of mouth breathing and a sports injury causing a non‐vital tooth #9, which had been temporarily restored. After periodontal evaluation, the patient was diagnosed with plaque‐induced gingivitis and excessive gingival display due to hyperactive lip and altered passive eruption. After initial therapy, an esthetic crown lengthening procedure was performed on the maxillary anterior sextant, resulting in ideal maxillary anterior crown contours. Six weeks after esthetic crown lengthening, the patient was treated for hyperactive lip by a modified lip repositioning surgery. Subsequently, the patient received a permanent restoration on tooth #9. During the 1.5‐year follow‐up time the patient repeatedly expressed her satisfaction with the improvement of her smile. Persistent mouth breathing and associated recurrent gingival inflammation remained a challenge.Conclusions: The presented case illustrates results of sequentially applied techniques for management of a gummy smile of multifactorial etiology and limitations imposed by unresolved factors. Excessive gingival display can be a significant esthetic concern for patients. Understanding the etiology can be challenging due to multiple factors that may be concomitantly involved. Accurate diagnosis and treatment planning are critical for proper management. When multifactorial etiology is present, multiple treatment modalities, including various surgical approaches, are necessary to obtain positive outcomes in such patients.
Who’s Taking the Accounting Class? Leveraging Professional Skepticism While Teaching Accounting Online
Authors: Johnson Nancy L. , Larson Faye , DeMersseman Anne 
Published: April 2017

The shortage of academically qualified accounting professors makes this a relevant time to increase the use of online tools for content delivery, assignment completion and assessment. Accounting students employed as teaching assistants (TA) can develop professional skills including skepticism, problem solving, analysis, organization and electronic documentation, while in academia. Certified Public Accountants (CPA) and educators are held accountable to high ethical standards through a code of conduct and academic integrity policies. This teaching case incorporates ethical decision making from an experience in an online virtual classroom where power differentials and analysis of student activity require research in a learning experience.
Assessment of quality of life in outpatients with osteoarthritis
Authors: Pudelewicz Anna Maria , Mazurkiewicz Kamila , Bączyk Grażyna 
Published: April 2017

Introduction. Osteoarthritis is a chronic and one of the most often appearing causes of the afflictions on the part of the motor organ. A chronic condition has a negative impact on all areas of human functioning. Its occurrence, but mainly the severity of its symptoms results in significant reduction in quality of life, which is why it is important to assess the effects of the treatment process and rehabilitation. Aim. Assessment of quality of life of patients with osteoarthritis as regards variables such as age, gender, duration of the disease.Material and Methods. The study includes a group of 40 patients diagnosed with osteoarthritis treated in the Health Centre of General Physicians in Mieścisko, Poland in the period from October 2014 to January 2015. The tool which was used to investigate the quality of life of people with osteoarthritis was the Polish version of the scale Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales 2 (AIMS-2).Results. The lowest level of the quality of life was indicated by the subjects in the areas of: arthritis pain (6.54 ± 1.96), walking and bending (6.51 ± 2.81) and mobility (7.21 ± 2.06). The highest level of quality of life occurred in the areas of: support from family and friends (1.56 ± 2.16), household tasks (2.47 ± 3.16), self-care (2.50 ± 2.92), arm function (2.58 ± 2.72), hand and finger function (2.71 ± 3.03), work (2.67 ± 2.38) and mood (3.14 ± 1.56). The youngest participants obtained a result of higher level of the quality of life, which was subject to deteriorate with age.Conclusions. Patients with osteoarthritis require a permanent, comprehensive, multifaceted and multidirectional proceedings in order to improve comfort and quality of life.
Mortalidade de Mytella falcata e M. guyanensis submetidos a diferentes temperaturas
Authors: ONODERA Fabio Kiyoshi , HENRIQUES Marcelo Barbosa 
Published: April 2017

Mytella falcata e M. guyanensis são espécies de potencial valor comercial para a aquicultura. O presente estudo teve como objetivo estimar a tolerí­¢ncia média (TM50) das duas espécies de bivalves estuarinos, expostas a diferentes temperaturas da água. Observaram-se diferenças significativas, através de análise de varií­¢ncia (p=0,02), entre a mortalidade acumulada de ambas as espécies, sendo M. falcata mais resistente que M. guyanensis na temperatura de 33Â°C, com TM50, respectivamente, de 87,42 e 53,36 horas de exposição. Apesar de não ocorrer mortalidade dos organismos expostos í­Â s outras temperaturas, controle (24Â°C), 27Â°C e 30Â°C, constatou-se a diminuição da formação de bisso nas temperaturas de 30Â°C e 33Â°C, indicando possí­­vel estresse fisiológico.
Suplementação de selênio na dieta alimentar de jundiá
Authors: ROCHA Maria Shimelly Soares , PUNTEL Robson Luiz , LOPES Paulo Rodinei Soares , HOSHIBA Márcio Aquio , CUNHA Larissa da , TAMAJUSUKU Alessandra Sayuri Kikuchi 
Published: April 2017

O estudo objetivou avaliar os efeitos antioxidantes da suplementação de disseleneto de difenila na concentração de 3,0 ppm na dieta alimentar de jundiás (Rhamdia quelen). Para isso, 80 peixes foram distribuí­­dos em oito unidades experimentais compostas por oito caixas dââ‚¬â„¢água. Dois grupos de peixes foram constituí­­dos, sendo denominados: T1 í Grupo controle e T2 í Grupo tratado com ração aditivada com selênio, com quatro réplicas de cada tratamento. Foram avaliadas as atividades especí­­ficas das enzimas Superóxido Dismutase (SOD) e Catalase (CAT) no tecido hepático; os ní­­veis de Peroxidação Lipí­­dica (Ní­­veis de TBARS) nos tecidos musculares e hepáticos; e a toxicidade do selênio através do teste de Micronúcleo Pí­­sceo (MN). A adição de disseleneto de difenila não alterou significativamente o crescimento dos animais, nem as atividades enzimáticas da SOD e da CAT ou, ainda, os ní­­veis de TBARS. A concentração testada não se mostrou tóxica para os animais, como evidenciado pelo teste da contagem de micronúcleos.
Colagenase de pescada branca: extração, purificação parcial, caracterização e teste de especificidade ao colágeno para aplicação industrial
Authors: OLIVEIRA Vagne de Melo , ASSIS Caio Rodrigo Dias , HERCULANO Polyanna Nunes , CAVALCANTI Maria Taciana Holanda , BEZERRA Ranilson de Souza , PORTO Ana Lúcia Figueiredo 
Published: April 2017

Resí­­duos do processamento do pescado são fontes ricas em biomoléculas com potencial industrial, como as enzimas com propriedades colagenolí­­ticas empregadas nos segmentos farmacêuticos, têxteis e de couro. No presente trabalho, serino-proteases colagenolí­­ticas dos resí­­duos (ví­­sceras) do processamento de pescada-branca, Cynoscion leiarchus, foram parcialmente purificadas e caracterizadas, visando í­Â obtenção de um produto de valor agregado, maximizando o aproveitamento de recursos pesqueiros. A atividade da melhor etapa de extração foi 72,5 U mL-1, com temperatura e pH ótimos de 55Â°C e 8,0 respectivamente. A enzima manteve-se estável em faixas amplas de temperatura (25í 60Â°C) e pH (6,5-11,5). Os í­­ons Ca2+ e Mg2+ aumentaram a atividade proteolí­­tica, ao passo que Pb2+, Al3+ e Cu2+ inibiram essa atividade, assim como os inibidores de serino-proteases (Benzamidina e TLCK). A hidrólise foi detectada após 48 h de incubação com colágeno bovino tipo I. Assim, sugere-se o emprego de ví­­sceras digestivas de C. leiarchus como fonte alternativa de enzimas com capacidade de clivar o colágeno do tipo I e com propriedades bioquí­­micas semelhantes í­Â s das colagenases bacterianas, já empregadas nas etapas de processamento industrial como forma de redução de custo e agregação de valor ao produto pesqueiro, contribuindo assim para minimizar o impacto ambiental deste tipo de resí­­duo.
Tobacco Town: Computational Modeling of Policy Options to Reduce Tobacco Retailer Density
Authors: Luke Douglas A. , Hammond Ross A. , Combs Todd , Sorg Amy , Kasman Matt , Mack-Crane Austen , Ribisl Kurt M. , Henriksen Lisa 
Published: April 2017

Objectives. To identify the behavioral mechanisms and effects of tobacco control policies designed to reduce tobacco retailer density. Methods. We developed the Tobacco Town agent-based simulation model to examine 4 types of retailer reduction policies: (1) random retailer reduction, (2) restriction by type of retailer, (3) limiting proximity of retailers to schools, and (4) limiting proximity of retailers to each other. The model examined the effects of these policies alone and in combination across 4 different types of towns, defined by 2 levels of population density (urban vs suburban) and 2 levels of income (higher vs lower). Results. Model results indicated that reduction of retailer density has the potential to decrease accessibility of tobacco products by driving up search and purchase costs. Policy effects varied by town type: proximity policies worked better in dense, urban towns whereas retailer type and random retailer reduction worked better in less-dense, suburban settings. Conclusions. Comprehensive retailer density reduction policies have excellent potential to reduce the public health burden of tobacco use in communities.
Factors Affecting Teacher-Candidates’ Practicum Evaluations
Authors: Ralph Edwin 
Published: April 2017

This report is an extension of a study that examined the final
evaluations of 17 cohorts of teacher-candidates (n=374), who
completed their 16-week extended-practicum through one Western Canadian university in one of the years from 1986 to 2002. Evaluation results based on nine instructional categories were analyzed according to four factors: (a) grade level taught; (b) school location; (c) year of the internship; and (d) gender of the intern.

Descriptive statistics calculated for each of these four factors revealed minor differences in the intern sub-groups’ aggregates of final evaluation ratings. For grade level, interns who taught K-3 were rated slightly higher than those in the other grade levels in six of the nine instructional skills. The interns who taught grade 7-12 were rated lowest of the three groups in three of the teaching categories. With respect to urban/rural school location of the internship, interns from rural schools were evaluated slightly higher than their urban counterparts for six of the nine skills. For year of the practicum, calculations showed slightly better evaluations in three teaching skills for interns who completed the practicum after 1996, than for those who completed it during the 1986-1995 period. Female interns were rated slightly higher in eight of the nine teaching categories than were their male colleagues.

Possible explanations accounting for these minor differences are provided, and implications discussed for the program under study and for their “transferability” (Donmoyer, 1990) to pre-service teacher preparation programs.
Monstrous Women
Authors: TAYLOR DIANNA 
Published: April 2017

In this paper I argue that “monstrous” women – violators of both moral and gender norms – mark the limits of acceptable behavior through such violation and thus provide particular insight into the workings of gendered power relations within contemporary western societies. Drawing upon Michel Foucault’s 1975 College de France course titled Abnormal, I begin by arguing that gendered power relations in western societies can be characterized as “normalizing.” Next, I refer to Foucault’s discussion of “natural” and “moral” monsters in order to provide a sketch of the monstrous woman, and then show how specific monstrous women violate moral and gender norms. By way of conclusion I argue that the figure of the monstrous women is not wholly negative but rather ambivalent. As Foucault asserts, monsters are “limit figures;” monstrous women challenge limits – including prevailing norms governing the feminine and the human – in ways that render them explicit such that they are denaturalized and ultimately opened up to critical interrogation.
UN GRAIN DE SABLE DANS L’ENGRENAGE DU SYSTÈME JURIDIQUE. LES JUSTICIABLES NON REPRÉSENTÉS: PROBLÈMES OU SYMPTÔMES?
Authors: Bernheim Emmanuelle , Laniel Richard-Alexandre 
Published: April 2017

The number of self-represented litigants [SRL] that are trying to defend by themselves their rights are increasing constantly, even in the highest tribunals. This situation is not without consequences for both the actors of the legal system and the SRL themselves. In the last years, many initiatives have been taken in order to contain the negative effects of the presence of SRL in the system.
In this article, the authors are analysing the discourse coming from the legal doctrine on the phenomenon of self-representation. First of all, they find that SRL are generally held as the only responsible for the annoying consequences provoked by their very presence. Secondly, they demonstrate that the majority of the solutions submitted in the literature are meant to maintain the normal functioning of the legal system, without submitting any holistic or systematic solutions. Finally, they consider the possibility that it would be the paradigmatic basis of the legal thinking that is the principal barrier for a global assessment of the problematic and for the implementation of efficient solutions.
SEX WORK, LAW, AND VIOLENCE: BEDFORD V. CANADA AND THE HUMAN RIGHTS OF SEX WORKERS
Authors: Hudson Graham , Van der Meulen Emily 
Published: April 2017

In Bedford v. Canada, two levels of Ontario courts ruled that a selection of criminal laws prohibiting prostitution-related activities unjustifiably deprive sex workers of their right to liberty and security of the person.The courts struck down or modified some of the offending provisions to ensure that sex workers are better able to take precautions against violence. While sex workers consider the Ontario Superior Court of Justice ruling a victory and the Ontario Court of Appeal ruling a partial victory, the government, some women’s rights groups, and other defenders of the provisions argue that courts ventured into a “policy thicket”, which is to suggest that they had stepped outside of their legitimate institutional role. Associated concerns include that the decisions effectively constitutionalize prostitution and will pre-empt or curtail Parliament’s consideration of legislative options.
In this paper, the authors clarify misconceptions about the constitutional foundations and implications of Bedford, and explore how the ruling might affect legal and policy-based interactions among various stakeholders. Approaching constitutional rights as discursive mechanisms, rather than as “trumps”, we argue that Bedford will not hinder the continuation of democratic debate about whether, how, and why aspects of sex work should be regulated. To the contrary, Bedford is more likely to enhance the quality of debates by making them more inclusive of the perspectives of sex workers as well as accommodative of growing empirical research that has hitherto been ignored or misrecognized.
INSTITUTIONAL INEQUALITY AND THE DYNAMICS OF COURAGE
Authors: Sheppard Colleen 
Published: April 2017

One of the greatest challenges of anti-discrimination law is institutionalized inequality. Recognized in law as systemic discrimination, it is embedded in processes, practices, norms, and relationships that reproduce and accentuate inequality. Legal recognition of the phenomenon, though of critical importance, has not led to effective remedies. Retroactive individual remedies are often too little, too late, following years of slow-moving and difficult litigation. Systemic, proactive laws have been thwarted by institutional resistance to externally imposed change and/or captured by the power of the institutional status quo. This paper explores the challenges of institutional transformation using the idea of courage – the experience of discouragement, encouragement by institutional change-makers, and the power of solidarity to encourage change from the bottom up.
THE LAW SOCIETY OF UPPER CANADA AND ACCESS TO JUSTICE: LESSONS FROM LAWYER-LICENSING REFORM
Authors: Wiseman David 
Published: April 2017

The process for licensing new lawyers in Ontario is in the midst of significant change following the Law Society of Upper Canada’s approval of a recommendation by it’s Articling Task Force to introduce of a 3-year pilot project that will provide a program of practical legal training as an alternative to articling. This article describes and critically analyzes these changes and the process that led to them in relation to three aspects of access to justice: access to the legal profession, access to legal services, and access to legal governance. The analysis reveals numerous shortcomings that provide lessons that could be applied to the proposal for evaluating the pilot project as well as to the Law Society’s recently announced initiative to overhaul its institutional approach to access to justice.
SHIFTING JUDICIAL CONCEPTIONS OF 'RECONCILIATION': GEOGRAPHIC COMMITMENTS UNDERPINNING ABORIGINAL RIGHTS DECISIONS
Authors: McCrossan Michael 
Published: April 2017

Over the course of the past twenty years, the Supreme Court of Canada’s discourse concerning ‘reconciliation’ has shifted from moderating federal power to reconciling the preceding presence of Aboriginal people with an established sovereign (Crown) presence. While scholars postulated that the Court was attempting to maintain colonial relations of power, substantive answers for this discursive shift are lacking within the literature. This paper provides a comprehensive explanation of this shift by comparing the hearing transcripts in the ‘Aboriginal rights trilogy’ to their corresponding written decisions. It argues that particular judicial and geographic commitments underlie the concept of ‘reconciliation’ and ultimately serve to represent Aboriginal identity as inescapably ‘Canadian.’
RELIGION AND LAW IN R V NS: FINDING SPACE TO RE-THINK THE BALANCING ANALYSIS
Authors: Major Blair 
Published: April 2017

In this article, the author argues against the balancing approach used in the recent case of the Supreme Court of Canada R v NS (2012). It is argued that this approach inhibits critical reflection on the complex philosophical issues that underlie the decision, and that it closes itself off to meaningful engagement with diverse perspectives. These arguments are developed by reflecting on the idea of incommensurability and on Alasdair MacIntyre’s theory of tradition. The author concludes that this analysis provides a starting point for developing an approach that has greater capacity for critical reflection and is more capable of embracing diversity.
IMMIGRATION AND DISABILITY IN THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA
Authors: Weber Mark C. 
Published: April 2017

Disability arises from the dynamic between people’s physical and mental conditions and the physical and attitudinal barriers in the environment. Applying this idea about disability to United States and Canadian immigration law draws attention to barriers to entry and eventual citizenship for individuals who have disabilities. Historically, North American law excluded many classes of immigrants, including those with intellectual disabilities, mental illness, physical defects, and conditions likely to cause dependency. Though exclusions for individuals likely to draw excessive public resources and those with communicable diseases still exist in Canada and the United States, in recent years the United States permitted legalization for severely disabled undocumented immigrants already in the country, and both countries abolished most exclusions from entry for immigrants with specific disabling conditions. Liberalization also occurred with regard to U.S. naturalization requirements.
Challenges continue, however. Under U.S. law, vast discretion remains with regard to the likely-public-charge exclusion, because consular officers abroad decide unilaterally whether to issue immigrant visas. Moreover, conduct related to mental disability, including petty criminality, can result in removal from the United States, and individuals with mental disabilities have only modest safeguards in removal proceedings. In Canada, families who have children with disabilities find themselves excluded from legal status because of supposed excessive demands on public resources, although an individual’s disability may provide grounds for avoiding removal in certain cases. The relaxation of some immigration exclusions in Canada and the U.S. and of some U.S. requirements for citizenship illustrates a significant, though conspicuously incomplete, removal of disability-related barriers in North American law and society.