bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pumas affect elk dynamics in absence of other large carnivores
Authors: Lehman Chadwick P. , Rota Christopher T. , Raithel Jarod D. , Millspaugh Joshua J. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTWe investigated survival, reproduction, and population growth (λ) for a declining elk (Cervus canadensis nelsoni) population in South Dakota, USA, 2011–2015. We obtained survival data from 125 calves and 34 yearlings. We determined survival and pregnancy rates for 42 adults (2–8 years old) and 39 old adults (≥8 years old). We combined population vital rates into a matrix model, which indicated a slightly growing population but with considerable uncertainty ( = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.93–1.13). Our elasticity analysis suggested asymptotic growth rates were most sensitive to proportional changes in old adult and adult female survival, followed by proportional changes in calf and yearling survival. Our life‐stage simulation analysis further supported asymptotic growth rates being most sensitive to variation in survival, and most of the variation in λ we observed was a consequence of variation in annual calf survival (R2 = 0.58). Annual calf survival was low (0.26, 95% CI = 0.05–0.52), and puma (Puma concolor) predation was the primary cause‐specific mortality factor of calves (0.63, 95% CI = 0.51–0.76). Adult female survival was near its biological maximum (0.95, 95% CI = 0.87–0.99); therefore, managing for increased calf survival may be the most practical strategy for promoting elk population growth in this system. Managing this puma population at the lower end of the population objective and reducing white‐tailed deer (Odocoileous virginianus) numbers (primary prey source) may allow for elk population growth in this system. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Biomineral Amorphous Lasers through Light‐Scattering Surfaces Assembled by Electrospun Fiber Templates
Authors: Moffa Maria , Camposeo Andrea , Fasano Vito , Fazio Barbara , Iatì Maria Antonia , Maragò Onofrio M. , Saija Rosalba , Schröder Heinz‐Christoph , Müller Werner E. G. , Pisignano Dario 
Published: October 2017

AbstractNew materials aim at exploiting the great control of living organisms over molecular architectures and minerals. Optical biomimetics has been widely developed by microengineering, leading to photonic components with order resembling those found in plants and animals. These systems, however, are realized by complicated and adverse processes. Here we show how biomineralization might enable the one‐step generation of components for amorphous photonics, in which light is made to travel through disordered scattering systems, and particularly of active devices such as random lasers, by using electrospun fiber templates. The amount of bio‐enzymatically produced silica is related to light‐scattering capacity and the resulting organosilica surfaces exhibit a transport mean free path for light as low as 3 μm, and lasing with linewidth below 0.2 nm. The resulting, complex optical material is characterized and modelled to elucidate scattered fields and lasing performance. Tightly‐controlled nanofabrication of direct biological inspiration establishes a new concept for the additive manufacturing of engineered light‐diffusing materials and photonic components, not addressed by existing technologies.
The dosimetric impact of the prescription isodose line (IDL) on the quality of robotic stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) plans
Authors: Xu Qianyi , Fan Jiajin , Grimm Jimm , LaCouture Tamara , Asbell Sucha , Park Joo Han , Kubicek Gregory 
Published: October 2017

PurposeThere is no consensus on the optimal prescription isodose line (IDL) in CyberKnife (CK) SRS. We designed a strategy to search for optimal CK plans at different levels of IDLs and investigated the dosimetric impact on the quality of CK plans.Methods and materialsThe retrospective study consisted of 13 CK patients with 16 brain tumors. The mean volume and size of the tumors was 9.7 ± 10.4 cc and 30.3 ± 10.9 mm, respectively. Four shells were created at distances of 2–3 mm to 60 mm from the target. The constraint dose of the innermost shell (D1) was the primary optimization parameter. For isolated brain tumors, D1 started from the prescription dose and gradually reduced after optimization started over. The optimal plans were reached when the coverage started to degrade and the desired IDL was achieved. For eight tumors abutting an OAR, both the D1 and constraint dose to the OAR were gradually pushed until an optimal plan was reached for the desired IDL.ResultsFor the isolated tumors, the V5 Gy, V10 Gy, V15 Gy, V20 Gy, and V25 Gy of low IDL (49.6 ± 2.1%) plans were on average 23.6%, 28.6%, 33.8%, 26.2%, and 10.6% lower, respectively, comparing to the high IDL (88.6 ± 1.3%) plans. The Conformality Index (CI) of the low IDL plans outperformed the high IDL plans (mean: 1.15 vs. 1.24), except for a lesion under 0.5 cc. The quality of the middle IDL plans (69.6 ± 1.5%) was close to the low IDL plans. Similar results were observed for tumors abutting an OAR.ConclusionsLow IDL plans outperformed high IDL plans for all metrics in tumors > 0.5 cc. The lower dose exposure of normal brain tissue and better CI could potentially reduce radiation necrosis while the higher maximum dose could improve local control.
Effects of magnetic field orientation and strength on the treatment planning of nonsmall cell lung cancer
Authors: Schrenk Oliver , Spindeldreier Claudia Katharina , Burigo Lucas Norberto , Hoerner‐Rieber Juliane , Pfaffenberger Asja 
Published: October 2017

PurposeMagnetic resonance image‐guided radiotherapy (MRgRT) has the potential to increase the accuracy of radiation treatment delivery. Several research groups have developed hybrid MRgRT devices differing by radiation source used and magnetic field orientation and strength. In this work, we investigate the impact of different magnetic field orientations and strengths on the treatment planning of nonsmall cell lung cancer patients (NSCLC).MethodsA framework using the in‐house developed treatment planning system matRad and the EGSnrc Monte Carlo code system was introduced to perform Monte Carlo‐based treatment planning in the presence of a magnetic field. A specialized spectrum‐based source model for the beam qualities of 6 MV and cobalt‐60 was applied. Optimized plans for stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) and intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) were generated for four NSCLC patients in the presence of different magnetic field orientations and strengths which are applied in hybrid MRgRT devices currently under development or in clinical use.ResultsSBRT and IMRT treatment planning could be performed with consistent plan quality for all magnetic field setups. Only minor effects on the treatment planning outcome were found in the case of magnetic fields orientated perpendicular to the beam direction. Compared to the perpendicular magnetic field orientation, the inline orientation showed the capability to reduce the dose to lung while maintaining equal target coverage. Particularly for tumors with a central position in lung, a distinct dose reduction was obtained which led to a maximum reduction of mean lung dose by 18.5% (0.5 Gy), when applying a 1 T inline magnetic field.ConclusionAll plans generated in this work obtained dose metrics within clinical constraints according to RTOG guidelines. When considering conventional dose metrics, no detrimental effects due to the magnetic fields were observed on the dose to the tumor or to organs at risk. An evaluation of the effects on skin dose was not ascertainable due to the simplified specification of the source model used. By accounting for the magnetic field during treatment planning, a dose reduction in lung could be achieved for inline‐oriented magnetic fields. An inline orientation of the magnetic field therefore showed a potential benefit when treating NSCLC with MRgRT.
A qualitative study on individual experiences of chronic hepatitis B patients
Authors: Taheri Ezbarami Zahra , Hassani Parkhideh , Zagheri Tafreshi Mansoureh , Alavi Majd Hamid 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to explain the perception of patients with chronic hepatitis B regarding problems in the Iranian society.DesignDescriptive qualitative research.MethodsIn this qualitative study, 27 patients with chronic hepatitis B in Iran were selected through purposive sampling. The data were collected over 22 months, in 2015–2016, by means of semi‐structured interviews and field notes. The interview transcripts were coded using MAXQDA10 software®. To extract categories and themes, the thematic analysis approach was used.ResultsThe participants’ age ranged from 25–52 years. Analysis of the data revealed seven themes: insufficient self‐care, misperceptions, stigmatization, psychological consequences, failure, spiritual struggle and post‐traumatic growth.
Fiction as informative and its implications for information science theory
Authors: Doty Philip , Broussard Ramona 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTReading fiction is a neglected area of study in information behavior research, even as such research has expanded to include investigation of different kinds of behavior by more kinds of people, and an expanded repertoire of research methods and fields. Using data from a small empirical study (n=8) and research from five fields other than information science, the paper reports on participants' reading of fiction and those five fields' study of how reading fiction is informative. Considering fiction informative has two important outcomes: we (1) understand information behavior better and (2) address important problems in information science theory. Such problems include frustrated attempts to defineinformation, the (generally hidden) gendered character of information science and information behavior research, the misguided conduit metaphor and an overemphasis on cognition at the expense of practice, documents and materiality.
Yet another method for author co‐citation analysis: A new approach based on paragraph similarity
Authors: Hsiao Tsung‐Ming , Chen Kuang‐hua 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTCo‐citation analysis has been widely adopted to represent the intellectual structure of a discipline. In general, all co‐cited author pairs are regarded equal. With the development of computer technology and easy accessibility of machine readable full‐text articles, new weighting schemes for measuring co‐citation strength (CCS) have been proposed. However, in previous studies, only distance and sentence similarity are used to adjust CCS when applying co‐citation analysis. In this study, we propose a new approach to measuring CCS based on paragraph similarity. Investigation was carried out to compare our approach and traditional author co‐citation analysis (TACA), as well as other different parametric ACAs. Preliminary results show that TACA and distance‐based ACA (DACA) share many commonalities. In contrast, similarity‐based ACAs reveal the different structure from that of TACA and DACA. However, differences in resulting network structure were still found between paragraph‐similarity‐based ACA (PACA) and sentence‐similarity‐based ACA (SACA). Compared to SACA, PACA produces less number of factors and clusters and moderate size of clusters.
Viewed by too many or viewed too little: Using information dissemination for audience segmentation
Authors: Jansen Bernard J. , Jung Soon‐Gyo , Salminen Joni , An Jisun , Kwak Haewoon 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTThe identification of meaningful audience segments, such as groups of users, consumers, readers, audience, etc., has important applicability in a variety of domains, including for content publishing. In this research, we seek to develop a technique for determining both information dissemination and information discrimination of online content in order to isolate audience segments. The benefits of the technique include identification of the most impactful content for analysis. With 4,320 online videos from a major news organization, a set of audience attributes, and more than 58 million interactions from hundreds of thousands of users, we isolate the key pieces of content in terms of identifying audience segments that are both (a) least and most discriminating in terms of audience segments and (b) the least and most impactful. By empirical methods, we show that 25.3 percent of the videos are so widely disseminated (i.e., viewed by so many different segments) that they are non‐discriminatory, while 29.7 percent of the videos are very discriminatory (i.e., can clearly identify one or more audience segments) but their impact is marginal, as the user base is small. Implications are that there are critical values that can be identified to isolate the set of both distinct and impactful content in a given data set of online content. We demonstrate the utility of this line of analysis by using the approach to identify critical cut‐off values for dynamic persona generation.
“A process of controlled serendipity”: An exploratory study of historians' and digital historians' experiences of serendipity in digital environments
Authors: Martin Kim , Quan‐Haase Anabel 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTWe investigate historians' experiences with serendipity in both physical and digital environments through an online survey. Through a combination of qualitative and quantitative data analyses, our preliminary findings show that many digital historians select a specific digital environment because of the expectation that it may elicit a serendipitous experience. Historians also create heuristic methods of using digital tools to integrate elements of serendipity into their research practice. Four features of digital environments were identified by participants as supporting serendipity: exploration, highlighted triggers, allowed for keyword searching and connected them to other people.
Investigating the information gaps in refugee integration
Authors: Oduntan Olubukola , Ruthven Ian 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTRefugee integration processes and systems are complex for refugees. They find them difficult to navigate and thus often end up disadvantaged. This paper presents the first set of findings from an ongoing information behaviour research study into refugee integration. The study explores the situational experiences of refugees and asylum seekers engaging with integration processes and systems through individual semi‐structured interviews. Dervin's sense‐making methodology was used to elicit the information gaps. The findings reveals refused asylum situation during integration and highlight information needs embedded in processes and systems of refugee integration. The results have implications for reducing the complexity of service provision during refugee integration. In addition, the approach expands previous studies and highlights the depth a situational investigation can bring to information behaviour studies.
Investigating relations of information seeking outcomes to the selection and use of information sources
Authors: Sarka Shawon , Wang Yiwei , Shah Chirag 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTThis paper reports the findings of a study investigating the relationship between information seekers' selection and use of information sources and their perceptions of information seeking outcomes (i.e., successes and failures) in the context of information seeking barriers as well as contextual factors such as knowledge, emotions and social role. Fifty‐three participants performed four simulated information‐seeking tasks over a two‐day period and reported their experiences and findings in an online logbook. Semi‐structured interviews with 23 participants were also conducted in order to examine the issues that arose from the logbook. Data collected from the study were analyzed by applying both qualitative and quantitative methods. The findings suggest that use of impersonal sources provides a higher likelihood of successful outcomes in information seeking episodes compared to interpersonal sources. Meanwhile, interpersonal sources were found to be more effective in providing personalized information. Moreover, there were no significant associations among users' education, cognitive and emotional characteristics, and other contextual factors and successes and failures in information seeking. Lastly, constraints such as, lack of help from people, unreliable information, and time limitation seemed to influence information seeking outcomes and increase the chances of unsuccessful results.
Disciplinary assessment of scientific content by higher‐order citation mining
Authors: Sizov Sergej , Bahn Mikel 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTDiscovery of disciplinary fields, their relationships, and key contributors is an important research field of modern scientometrics. In this contribution, we study the problem of disciplinary/interdisciplinary interpretation of scientific content in the context of higher‐order citation graphs. In doing so, we introduce the general approach for representing scientific publishers (conferences, journals) and their relationships by means of multi‐dimensional tensor models. Consequently, tensor decomposition methods allow us to identify scientific fields in terms of key authorities, hubs and topical context expressed by keywords and/or fields of study.The proposed strategy of tensor importance sampling allows for efficient and effective analysis of large‐scale publication databases in state‐of‐the art cloud computing infrastructures. Consequently, we present results of our large‐scale evaluations for the Microsoft Academic Graph dataset with various tensor modeling strategies, in direct comparison with state of the art content mining and graph mining methods common to the scientometric domain.The comprehensive comparative analysis shows that tensor‐based interpretations show considerable agreement with established content mining methods and graph‐based authority ranking. At the same time, tensor based analysis allows for discovery of novel inter‐disciplinary and trans‐disciplinary fields, which are focused on subjects of investigation rather than on established methodologies and strongly connected research communities. In this sense, our approach complements existing mining methods for scientific content, and allows for novel insights into research collaboration patterns.
Using social media in formal learning: Investigating learning strategies and satisfaction
Authors: Zhou Quan , Lee Chei Sian , Sin Sei‐Ching Joanna 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTSocial media have been widely adopted by digital natives for learning purposes due to the wealth of educational resources afforded by these platforms. As such, educational researchers and practitioners have been advocating the integration of social media in formal learning. While a majority of research has highlighted the benefits of using social media in formal education, still lacking is research that examines students' learning behaviors and experience with social media. From the perspective of self‐regulated learning, we investigate students' learning strategies in social media, as well as the relationship between using these strategies and students' learning satisfaction. Drawing on a survey of 270 undergraduate and graduate students, we found that in the formal learning context, students employed four types of self‐regulated learning strategies (i.e., goal setting, environment structuring, performance control and self‐evaluation) to achieve effective learning with social media. Among the four strategies, goal setting was most commonly used. Further, a regression analysis revealed that all four types of self‐regulated learning strategies were significantly related to students' learning satisfaction with social media, while goal setting was the most prominent strategy. This article concludes by presenting limitations as well as implications for research and practice.
The effects of BeNetWise program on youth media literacy: A mixed methods research
Authors: Cheng Kevin P.C. , Leung Chun Kit , Mok Joanne C.Y. , Datu Jesus Alfonso D. , Valdez Jana Patricia M. , Huang Hong , Unsworth Kris , Chan Andy , Ng Cecilia , Chu Samuel Kai Wah 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTExisting literature has demonstrated that cultivating media literacy skills may optimize various indicators of student success. However, limited research has been conducted to examine how media literacy programs can improve effective consumption and production of media contents. The present research addresses these gaps through providing preliminary evidence about the effectiveness of BeNetWise, which is a two‐year project launched in Hong Kong to educate youth on proper attitude and behavior in the cyberworld. This study was based on a sample of 196 secondary school students who participated in the media literacy intervention. The Chinese version of the New Media Literacy Scale was used to assess functional consumption, critical consumption, functional prosumption and critical prosumption. The results indicated that students who were exposed to this program significantly improved on functional consumption, critical consumption and critical prosumption. Findings point to the advantageous impacts of the BeNetWise project on the adaptive consumption and production of various media contents.
Document representation and clustering models for bilingual documents clustering
Authors: Ma Shutian , Zhang Chengzhi 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTCurrently, the internet has created many documents in languages other than English. People face challenges when seeking and using information; for example, non‐native English‐speaking students tend to have problems when utilizing libraries in North American universities. To help people efficiently organize information, bilingual documents clustering has advantages for practical utilization, it can divide documents into groups with the same topic and there is no need for a training dataset. Document representation and clustering models are two important parts in clustering. This paper compares four popular representation methods, vector space model (VSM), latent semantic indexing (LSI), latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) and doc2vec (D2V), together with four different types of clustering algorithms, K‐means++, BIRCH, DBSCAN and affinity propagation (AP) to identify appropriate combinations for bilingual documents clustering. Parallel corpus and comparable corpus are all used for the bilingual datasets. Experimental results show that, clustering performance varies when combining different representation methods with clustering algorithms. It's important to make good choice of models for better documents organization.
Passive information behaviors while grocery shopping
Authors: Ocepek Melissa G. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTInformation behavior addresses how individuals use information throughout the various contexts of their daily lives. Previous research in the field has explored passive information behaviors, but not addressed them in the quotidian aspects of life, such as grocery shopping. The current work fills this gap by addressing passive information behaviors throughout the grocery shopping process providing useful insights into how individuals interact with information in a new domain. Data was gathered through two empirical studies using qualitative methods emphasizing the lived experience of primary grocery shoppers. Findings show that information encountering, browsing and monitoring are prevalent in the grocery store and during the planning of a shopping trip demonstrating the information richness of grocery shopping.