bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal perceptions and awareness regarding developmental dysplasia of the hip in children among mothers and pregnant women in Makkah City, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Almatari Abdulkaleq H. , Alhazmi Nawaf F. , Jafar Hasan M. , Althagafi Ali A. , Qasim Osama M. , Alghamdi Faisal A. , Aljabri Nibras K. , Suqaty Rayyan S. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a spectrum of disorders that develop in utero, involving the femoral head and acetabular cup development, ranging from dysplasia to dislocation. The prevalence of DDH in Saudi Arabia is 10.46 per 1000 live births. However, the late presentation of DDH in Saudi Arabia is around 30%, believed to be significantly due to a lack of awareness of the disease among mothers and pregnant women.

Aims:
This study aimed to measure maternal perceptions and awareness regarding DDH in children among mothers and pregnant women in Makkah City, Saudi Arabia.

Method:
In total, 406 women participated in an electronic survey. The survey questions were adapted from previously published research, and the questionnaire was available in Arabic.

Results:
The age distribution of the participants ranged from below 20 to over 50 years, with the largest group being 31–40 years old. Most of the participants had a university-level education (61.1%). The overall assessment showed a predominance of poor knowledge (41.1%), followed by good knowledge (34.7%), and then medium knowledge (24.1%).

Conclusion:
The present study revealed significant knowledge gaps and barriers to the early detection and intervention of DDH among Makkah City mothers and pregnant women. The findings underscore the need for targeted educational campaigns, increased access to screening programs, and heightened healthcare provider knowledge to improve DDH’s perception and awareness. Future interventions should focus on addressing these gaps and promoting early detection and intervention strategies to minimize the long-term consequences of DDH.
Health-related quality of life of cancer patients: Findings from Western Rajasthan
Authors: Vyas Pratibha , Chugh Ankita , Bhardwaj Pankaj , Joshi Nitin Kumar , Vyas Bhuvnesh , Jain Yogesh K. , Vishnoi Jeewan R. , Pareek Puneet , Elhence Poonam , Gupta Manoj K. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Cancer is one of the major public health concerns leading to high trends of mortality and morbidity in India. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is an indicator of the sense of well-being applicable, which includes all the domains of physical, social, emotional, and functional well-being. The inferences can strengthen the palliative care needs of patients. This study was conducted to assess the HRQoL of patients on anticancer therapy and to measure the perceived palliative care needs amongst diagnosed patients on cancer therapy.

Methodology:
Mixed method approach was used to assess the objectives of the study. FACT-G questionnaire was used to assess the HRQoL of patients among a sample size of 290 participants for quantitative analysis and 9 for in-depth interviews. Data were generated and analyzed in SPSS version 23. Spearman correlation coefficient was used to test the association between the well-being score and demographic factors.

Results:
The mean age of the study population was 52.46 ± 13.83 years with 65% females. The mean FACT-G score was 61.1 ± 17.1 with mean domain values of 14.97 (physical well-being), 16.55 (social well-being), 16.21 (emotional well-being) and 13.35 (functional well-being). FACT-G score was significantly associated with education level, type of cancer and type of anticancer therapy. Qualitative themes described pertaining to delayed diagnosis, financial distress, side effects, social isolation (factors worsening QoL) and support, and attitude (factors improving QoL).

Conclusion:
HRQOL scores were found low in all types of cancer and early referral for palliative care might have a positive effect on the quality of life of cancer patients. Cancer is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality with its profound social and economic consequences leading to impoverishment and societal inequity.
Impact of climate change on water-related physical events, consequent human migration, and burden of drowning in India: An evidence synthesis
Authors: Beri Deepti , Elkington Jane , Moola Sandeep , Bhaumik Soumyadeep , Jagnoor Jagnoor 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Disrupted weather patterns are associated with climate change. Between 2001 and 2018, nearly 74% of disasters were water-related, including floods and cyclones. Such water-related cataclysmic events increase the risk of drowning. We aimed to map evidence on the impact of climate change on water-related physical events, associated human migration, and drowning burden in India.

Materials and Methods:
We searched electronic databases, government reports, and relevant websites to map evidence on water-related physical events (including but not limited to sea-level rise, glacier bursts, lake bursts, floods, rainfall, cyclones, and droughts) and consequent human migration using narrative review approach, while drowning burden through scoping review approach. We summarized the results narratively.

Results:
Evidence from 48 studies and seven reports suggest that India will witness the greatest sea-level rise, significantly impacting poor coastal communities. An increase in droughts, cyclonic rainfall, storms, and floods, with increasing surface rainwater and streamflow water, due to melting glaciers is expected. Climate change–triggered migration is expected notably in northeast and south India, making farmers, drivers, street vendors, women, and youth most vulnerable. No direct evidence was identified on the impact of climate change, water-related disasters, meteorological events, or seasonal variations on drowning from India.

Conclusion:
Our study highlights a significant gap in the availability of context-specific and localized data to improve disaster response and strengthen public health systems, especially for areas most vulnerable to climate change. There is an urgent need to generate new knowledge and understanding of climate change, water-related or meteorological events, and seasonal variations’ impact on drowning burden as the level of risk remains unknown.
Assessment of burden of prediabetes and diabetes with oral glucose tolerance test in community-based settings of Bengaluru rural district
Authors: Sarveswaran Gokul , Kulothungan Vaitheeswaran , Rangamani Sukanya , Huliyappa Deepadarshan , Sreekantaiah Pruthvish 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Background and Objective(s):
Diabetes is a major public health concern in India. The majority of studies done in rural population lack systematic methodology in estimating the prevalence of diabetes mellitus. Objectives of this study were to estimate the burden of prediabetes, type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated risk factors among adults (18–69) years in rural Bengaluru, Karnataka.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among adults aged 18–69 years in three villages of Devanahalli taluk of rural Bengaluru between May and October 2019. Behavioural and metabolic risk factors related to diabetes were assessed using WHO-STEPS instrument and IDSP-NCD risk factor tool. Fasting blood glucose and OGTT test were performed, and WHO diagnostic criteria were used to diagnose diabetes mellitus.

Results:
Prevalence of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in rural Bengaluru was found to be 6.3% and 10.9%, respectively. Behavioural risk factors related to diabetes measured in the study population were current tobacco use (32.7%), current alcohol use (9.9%), physical inactivity (46.8%) and unhealthy diet (82.3%). Metabolic risk factors measured were obesity (7.5%), central obesity (46.4%), prediabetes (6.3%) and hypertension (24.3%). More than one-thirds of diabetes and three-fourths of hypertension individuals were newly diagnosed by the population-based screening.

Conclusion:
The burden of diabetes and its risk factors are high due to the health transition occurring in rural population of Bengaluru. Undiagnosed diabetes mellitus and hypertension in rural population as demonstrated by this study highlight the need to strengthen the population-based screening and diagnosis of T2DM and hypertension (HTN) under the national health programme.
Patient Satisfaction of Intravitreal Bevacizumab Injection Services at a Referral Center
Authors: Shayan Maryam , Safi Sare , Karimi Saeed , Yaseri Mehdi 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:To evaluate the patient satisfaction of intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) injection services for ocular complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) at a referral center.Methods:Patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) who had undergone IVB injections between March and September 2018 were interviewed by telephone using two questionnaires. First, demographic information, medical history, and the Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire Short Form (PSQ-18) 5-point scale were collected. Then, the Retinopathy Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (RetTSQ) 7-point scale was completed. Total scores are presented on a 100-point scale, with 100 indicating complete satisfaction.Results:Two hundred and fifty patients (145 with DME and 105 with DR) were interviewed (mean age: 61 ± 10 years; male-to-female ratio: 1:1.5). The response rate was 96%. Twenty-one patients had only one injection. Two hundred and forty-eight (99.2%) patients had insurance. The mean number of total injections was 12.2 ± 11.5. Seventy (28%), forty-seven (18.8%), sixty-one (24.4%), and seventy-two (28.8%) patients underwent IVB treatment for <6 months, between 7 and 12 months, between 13 and 24 months, and >25 months, respectively. The mean total and overall scores were 90.8 ± 22.5 (completely satisfied) and 88.7 ± 16.6 (completely satisfied) based on PSQ-18 and RetTSQ, respectively. Financial problems and appointment scheduling systems were the highest cases of dissatisfaction.Conclusion:The majority of patients were highly satisfied with IVB injections for the management of ocular complications of DM. The appointment taking procedure, waiting times, out-of-pocket expenses, and access to the hospital should be improved.
The Discriminatory Ability of Ganglion Cell Inner Plexiform Layer Complex Thickness in Patients with Preperimetric Glaucoma
Authors: Mehta Bhavya , Ranjan Somesh , Sharma Vinod , Singh Neha , Raghav Nidhi , Dholakia Acid , Bhargava Rahul , Reddy P. Laxmi Sireesha , Bargujar Pooja 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:
To evaluate diagnostic performance of ganglion cell inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) parameters measured with Cirrus high-definition optical coherence tomography (OCT) in patients with preperimetric glaucoma.

Methods:
In this multicenter cross-sectional study, 150 eyes of 83 patients with preperimetric glaucoma were compared with 200 eyes of age and sex matched healthy subjects. All patients had visual field testing and OCT scanning of GCIPL and RNFL in all quadrants. The independent Samples t-test was used to determine if a difference exists between the means of two independent groups on a continuous dependent variable. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of each parameter was calculated for discriminatory ability between normal controls and preperimetric glaucoma. The sensitivity and specificity were estimated by point coordinates on ROC curve.

Results:
The best parameters for distinguishing preperimetric glaucoma from healthy eyes were the combined average GCIPL + average RNFL, followed by average RNFL + GCIPL (inferotemporal), and average RNFL + GCIPL (minimum). The GCIPL parameters with the highest to lowest AUC (in decreasing order) were inferotemporal, followed by average, minimum, superior, inferior, superonasal, inferonasal, superotemporal, and quadrants. The RNFL parameters with the highest to lowest AUC (in decreasing order) were average, followed by nasal, temporal, superior, and inferior quadrants. The sensitivity of combined GCIPL + RNFL parameters ranged 85%–88% and the specificity ranged 76%–88%. The sensitivity for RNFL parameters ranged 80%–90% and the specificity ranged 64%–88%.

Conclusion:
GCIPL and RNFL have good discriminatory ability; the sensitivity and specificity increase when both parameters are combined for early detection of glaucoma.
Iris-Claw Anterior Chamber Phakic Intraocular Lens Explantation: A Case Series
Authors: Teixeira Sofia Cunha , Martins Pedro , Pacheco Teresa , Arede Carlos 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPurpose:To evaluate indications, clinic characteristics, and outcomes in a series of patients who underwent explantation of phakic intraocular lens (pIOL).Methods:Retrospective case series of patients who underwent iris-claw pIOL explantation in our institution from 2018 to 2022. Indications for explantation and visual and refractive outcomes were analyzed.Results:Twenty-three eyes of 14 patients underwent pIOL explantation with a mean time to explantation of 11.7 ± 3.4 years. The mean age at explantation was 46.0 ± 3.9 years. Sixteen Artisan and seven Artiflex IOL were explanted. The main indication for explantation was endothelial cell loss (n= 14) and morphometric significant alterations of endothelial cells other than endothelial cell count decline (n= 5). The mean corrected vision after explantation was 0.4 ± 0.4 logMAR, and around 70% of intervened patients achieved visual acuity of at least 0.3 logMAR (0.5 in decimal scale).Conclusions:In our group series, the main reason for the removal of pIOL was endothelial cell loss. This complication should be monitored and followed, so that early actions, namely IOL explantation, can be performed to avoid the development of deterioration requiring corneal transplantation. In fact, loss of follow-up, found in several cases for many years, continues to be a serious problem.
Macular Thickness and Volume by Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography and their Related Factors in the Elderly Population
Authors: Hashemi Hassan , Heydarian Samira , Hashemi Alireza , Khabazkhoob Mehdi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
To determine the distribution of macular thickness and macular volume in an elderly healthy population 60 years of age and above and their determinants.

Methods:
The sampling was performed using a multistage stratified random cluster sampling method on the geriatric population 60 years of age and above in Tehran, Iran. All participants underwent optometric examinations, slit-lamp examination, and optical biometry. Retinal imaging was performed by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.

Results:
The means ± standard deviation and 95% confidence interval of central macular thickness (CMT), average macular thickness (AMT), and macular volume were 221 ± 33 (218–223) μm, 267 ± 29 (265–269) μm, and 8.36 ± 0.44 (8.33–8.39) mm3, respectively. The CMT was significantly lower in females than males (β: −5.77; P = 0.002). The AMT was significantly lower in females than males (β = −10.32; P < 0.001) and was significantly directly related to intraocular pressure (β = 0.63; P = 0.038). The macular volume was significantly lower in females than males (β = −0.13; P < 0.001) and decreased with age (β = −0.01; P < 0.001). In addition, the macular volume had a significant inverse and direct relationship with axial length (β = −0.04; P = 0.011) and keratometry (β = 0.03; P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Macular thickness in the Iranian geriatric population was slightly less than the populations studied in other countries. The role of sex should also be taken into account in the interpretation of macular thickness findings.
Changes in the Optical Corneal Densitometry, Visual Acuity, and Refractive Error after the Annular Intracorneal Inlay Implantation
Authors: Jabbarvand Mahmoud , Khodaparast Mehdi , Jamali Alireza , Ahmadzadeh Hooman , Bordbar Soodeh 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:
To investigate the changes in the optical corneal densitometry as an objective method in assessing the corneal light back-scattering before and 1 year after the annular intracorneal inlay (AICI) implantation into the keratoconic corneas.

Methods:
Changes in the optical corneal densitometry, visual acuity, refractive, and tomographical status were assessed before and 1 year after the AICI implantation into the corneas with different stages of keratoconus. Optical corneal densitometry was evaluated using the Pentacam-HR in 0–2, 2–6, 6–10, and 10–12 mm rings in the anterior 120 μ, central layers, posterior 60 μ and also the total value were measured for cornea in the Grey Scale Unit criterion.

Results:
Totally, 34 patients with keratoconus were studied; the uncorrected and best corrected visual acuity were increased after the surgery (0.98 ± 0.25 to 0.53 ± 0.30 logMAR, P < 0.001 and 0.26 ± 0.18 to 0.19 ± 0.14, P = 0.007 logMAR, respectively); the spherical equivalent was decreased from −4.45 ± 2.25 to − 2.06 ± 2.01 D (P = 0.004). AICI implantation led to an increase in the amount of optical corneal densitometry in 0–2 mm central, 2–6 mm central, 6–10 mm central, total central, 2–6 mm posterior, and 2–6 mm total rings (all, P < 0.05); however, a decrease was observed in 0–2 mm anterior ring (P = 0.049). Results of statistical analysis showed that the total optical corneal densitometry, anterior total, and posterior total back-scattering did not change after the AICI implantation (all, P > 0.05).

Conclusions:
Our results revealed a significant improvement in the visual function, including refractive error and visual acuity following the AICI implantation. Changes in the optical corneal densitometry were different in distinct regions and layers however, the total amount did not change after the AICI implantation.
Peripapillary Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness Changes in Preterm Children with or without Retinopathy of Prematurity History
Authors: Zarei-Ghanavati Siamak , Ostadimoghaddam Hadi , Najjaran Marzieh , Shoeibi Nasser , Ziaei Mohammed 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
To investigate peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness changes in preterm children with or without retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) history compared to full-term children.

Methods:
A retrospective comparative cohort study assessing pRNFL thickness was completed in children aged 4–8 years. Four groups of children were included (n = 30 each group): children with a history of ROP who were treated with intravitreal bevacizumab, children with ROP who received no treatment, and preterm children without ROP compared to age- and gender-matched full-term children.

Results:
A total of 120 eyes from 120 children were enrolled in this study. Both treated and regressed ROP children showed a significantly thinner pRNFL in the nasal quadrant compared to full-term children (P = 0.017 and P = 0.008, respectively). The pRNFL in the superior quadrant of treated ROP children was thinner than the preterm and control groups (P = 0.015 and P = 0.023, respectively), whereas the inferior quadrant of treated ROP children was thinner than the preterm group alone (P = 0.008). The pRNFL thickness in the temporal quadrant was comparable between groups (P = 0.129). The average spatial distribution profile of pRNFL thickness in treated ROP children was significantly thinner than in the preterm group (P = 0.041).

Conclusion:
pRNFL thickness is significantly altered in children with a prior history of treated ROP with thinning of the nasal and superior quadrants compared to full-term children.
Physical Characteristics, Clinical Application, and Side Effects of Viscoelastics in Ophthalmology
Authors: Mohammadpour Mehrdad , Asadigandomani Hassan , Aminizade Mehdi , Raeisi Saeed 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPurpose:To explain the physical properties of ophthalmic viscoelastic devices (OVDs), covering their structural units, optimal features, existing viscoelastic materials, clinical applications, and potential side effects.Methods:This is a narrative review on the OVDs. A literature review was conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases. Studies that investigated physical characteristics, clinical applications, OVD commercial products, and their complications were included.Results:We included 42 articles from 2010 and discussed physical characteristics, properties of a desirable OVD, structural units of common OVDs, OVD commercial products, clinical applications, and also complications of OVDs.Conclusions:Today, viscoelastics hold a distinct and crucial role in intraocular surgery due to their remarkable properties. These materials safeguard the endothelium and epithelium, uphold anterior chamber depth, manage intraocular bleeding, ease tissue handling, and aid intraocular lens placement. Currently, the American market features 12 prevalent viscoelastic types, including 7 sodium hyaluronate derivatives (Healon, Healon-Greater Viscosity, Healon-5, Amvisc, Amvisc Plus, Advanced Medical Optics Vitrax, and Provisc), 2 hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 2% derivatives (OcuCoat and Cellugel), and 3 combinations of sodium hyaluronate and chondroitin sulfate (Viscoat, DisCoVisc, and DuoVisc). Despite the introduction of new viscoelastic materials annually, no single material encompasses all desired properties. Surgeons must select and employ suitable viscoelastics based on surgical conditions and patient requirements. Advancements in material development and understanding of physical properties and clinical applications continue to refine viscoelastic selection.
Overminus Lens Therapy in the Management of Children with Intermittent Exotropia
Authors: Abri Aghdam Kaveh , Zand Amin , Soltan Sanjari Mostafa , Khorramdel Shabnam , Asadi Reza 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:
To evaluate the results of overminus lens therapy in the management of children with intermittent exotropia or X(T).

Methods:
In this retrospective study, 163 consecutive patients with X(T) who were treated with overminus spectacles with at least 12 months of follow-up were included in the study. The outcome measures were the level of X(T) control evaluated using the Jampolsky's qualitative assessment method and refractive error changes under overminus lens treatment.

Results:
The mean angle of deviation at the initial visit was 24.7 ± 15.1 prism diopters (PD) that improved to 10.6 ± 4.2 PD with overminus glasses with a median follow-up of 38 months (P = 0.02). One hundred and nine patients (66.8%) achieved good controlled X(T) or orthotropia by overminus lens therapy after 1 year. Three patients progressed to esotropia, which disappeared after discontinuing overminus lens therapy. Overminus lens therapy did not have a statistically significant effect on the mean spherical equivalent of cycloplegic refraction in each eye (right eye: P = 0.13; left eye: P = 0.15).

Conclusions:
Overminus lens therapy can be effective for improving the control of X(T) in young children. It can defer the requirement for surgery or decrease the rate of surgical intervention.