bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF PROBLEM BASED LEARNING APLLICATION IN INCREASING CREATIVITY AND ABILITY-YOUNG LEARNERS
Authors: Muharromi Dewi Sukma 
Published: February 2017

Abstract: The development of creativity and speaking ability of young learners should be improved because creativity and speaking ability are crucial skills for children further development. This study aims to see an increase on young learners' creativity and speaking ability after the application of problem based learning approach. This study used quasi-experiment method with non-equivalent group pretest-posttest design. The sample was children aged 5 to 6 years old of B Class at Siti Khadijah playschool. The data was in the form N-gain scores and were analysed using t-test. The results showed that there were differences in the increase of creativity and speaking ability between young learners taught using problem based learning in the experimental group and those in the control group. At first, both experimental and control groups had low creativity and speaking ability. After the application of problem based learning, the creativity and speaking ability of the experimental group increased significantly compared to the control group that used conventional instruction. Therefore, it can be concluded that the application of problem based learning has a significant influence in developing the creativity and speaking ability of young learners. Keywords: problem based learning, creativity, speaking abilityAbstrak: Pengembangan kreativitas dan kemampuan berbicara pada anak usia dini seharusnya dapat lebih dikembangkan karena kreativitas dan kemampuan berbicara merupakan kemampuan yang krusial bagi perkembangan anak selanjutnya. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini secara umum untuk melihat peningkatan kreativitas dan kemampuan berbicara anak usia dini setelah menerapkan pendekatan problem based learning. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan menggunakan metode kuasi eksperimen dengan jenis equivalent group pretest-postes design. Sampel dalam penelitian adalah anak usia 5-6 tahun yang berada pada kelompok B di RA Siti khadijah. Data hasil penelitian berupa skor N-gain dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji t -tes. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terdapat perbedaan peningkatan kreativitas dan kemampuan berbicara pada anak usia dini pada pembelajaran yang menerapkan pendekatan problem based learning (kelompok eksperimen) dengan anak usia dini yang pembelajarannya menerapkan pendekatan konvensional (kelompok kontrol). Ditinjau dari kemampuan awal, kreativitas dan kemampuan berbicara anak pada kelompok yang eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol berada pada tingkat rendah. Tetapi, setelah penerapan pembelajaran problem based learning kreativitas dan kemampuan berbicara kelompok eksperimen meningkat secara signifikan dibanding dengan dengan kelompok kontrol yang menerapkan pembelajaran konvensional. Jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan pendekatan problem based learning memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan untuk meningkatkan kreativitas dan kemampuan berbicara pada anak usia dini. Kata kunci : problem based learning, kreativitas, kemampuan berbicara
BOX MEDIA MODEL THROUGH THE USE OF CONTEXTUAL UNDERSTANDING TO IMPROVE STUDENT LEARNING CONCEPTS IN VOLUME BEAM
Authors: Rohaeni Dede 
Published: February 2017

Abstract. This research is motivated Cilengkrang Elementary School fifth grade students in the learning of the beam volume is still experiencing difficulties. This happens because the learning process that takes place is conventional. Learning by applying a contextual model chosen researchers by reason students will know if the learning is associated with the real world of students. The method used in this research is a classroom action research methods to the design of the research procedure refers to the spiral model Kemmis and MC. Tujuanpenelitianini is to obtain an overview of the planning, implementation and improvement of students' understanding of the results of the application of the concept model of contextual learning in the classroom beam volume V Elementary School Cilengkrang. The method used in this research is a classroom action research methods to the design of the research procedure refers to the spiral model Kemmis and MC. Taggart. Based on the implementation of the actions performed by three cycles, as a whole has shown an increase from the initial data, both process and outcomes of learning. So that the application of contextual models can enhance students' understanding of class V SDN Cilengkrang Northern District of Sumedang Sumedang district of the concept of the beam volume. Keywords: Contextual Model, Mathematics, Mathematics Learning Objectives Abstrak. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi siswa kelas V SDN Cilengkrang dalam pembelajaran volume balok masih mengalami kesulitan. Ini terjadi karena proses pembelajaran yang berlangsung bersifat konvensional. Pembelajaran dengan menerapkan model kontekstual dipilih peneliti dengan alasan siswa akan paham jika pembelajaran dikaitkan dengan dunia nyata siswa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian tindakan kelas dengan rancangan prosedur penelitiannya mengacu pada model spiral Kemmis dan MC. Tujuanpenelitianini yaitu untuk memperoleh gambaran mengenai perencanaan, pelaksanaan dan peningkatan hasil pemahaman siswa dengan penerapan model kontekstual dalam pembelajaran konsep volume balok di kelas V SD Negeri Cilengkrang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian tindakan kelas dengan rancangan prosedur penelitiannya mengacu pada model spiral Kemmis dan MC. Taggart. Berdasarkan pelaksanaan tindakan yang dilakukan sebanyak tiga siklus, secara keseluruhan telah menunjukan adanya peningkatan dari data awal, baik dalam proses maupun hasil belajar. Sehingga penerapan model kontekstual dapat meningkatkan pemahaman siswa kelas V SDN Cilengkrang Kecamatan Sumedang Utara Kabupaten Sumedang terhadap konsep volume balok. Kata Kunci: Model Kontekstual, Matematika, Tujuan Pembelajaran Matematika
ANALYSIS OF ACTIVE LEARNING IN SCHOOL (ALIS) ON BIOLOGY SUBJECT AT SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL IN SALATIGA
Authors: Priyayi Desy Fajar , Situmorang Risya Pramana , Airlanda Gamaliel Septian 
Published: February 2017

Abstract, Active learning in school (ALIS) is one of the learning models that can be applied by teachers to improve students’ achievement. This study aims to determine the implementation of ALIS indicator on biology subject at senior high school in Salatiga and to know the factors that influence it. This is a descriptive qualitative research and the data was collected using questionnaires, observation, interview, and documentation technique. The objects of study were 156 students and 5 biology teachers at five senior high schools in Salatiga. The results showed the percentage of ALIS indicators from low level to high were: learning to encourage students to interact multidirectional (60.42%); using the environment as a medium and learning resources (64.94%); maintaining the learning environment (65.81%); learning encourages student to think at high level (66.11%); student-centered learning (66.91%); there are feedback on student work (70.47%); monitoring the learning process by teacher (71.04 %); contextual learning (73.63%); learning model accommodate different learning style (75.71%). Biology teachers in Salatiga have been implementing ALIS but there are some factors influence it which include lack of time to study with so many subject materials, inadequate facilities and infrastructure, and the students’ unfamiliarity with the application of active learning.Keywords: ALIS, active learning, biology teaching and learningAbstrak, Active learning in school (ALIS) merupakan salah satu pilihan model pembelajaran yang dapat diterapkan oleh guru dan memberikan dampak positif kepada siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan indikator ALIS pada mata pelajaran biologi sekolah menengah atas (SMA) di Salatiga dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan angket, observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Obyek penelitian adalah 156 siswa dan 5 guru biologi yang tersebar di lima Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) kota Salatiga. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan persentase keterlaksanaan indikator ALIS dari tingkat rendah ke tinggi adalah: pembelajaran mendorong siswa untuk berinteraksi multiarah (60,42%), pembelajaran penggunaan lingkungan sebagai media dan sumber belajar (64,94%), adanya penataan lingkungan belajar (65,81%), pembelajaran mendorong anak untuk berpikir tingkat tinggi (66,11%), pembelajaran berpusat pada siswa (66,91%), adanya umpan balik terhadap hasil kerja siswa (70,47%), pemantauan proses belajar oleh guru (71,04%), pembelajaran terkait dengan kehidupan nyata (73,63%), pembelajaran mengakomodasi gaya belajar yang berbeda-beda (75,71%).Guru biologi di Salatiga telah melaksanakan ALIS, namun terdapat beberapa hambatan antara lain: keterbatasan waktu dengan tuntutan banyaknya materi, terbatasnya sarana dan prasarana, dan belum terbiasanya siswa menerapkan pembelajaran aktif.
USE OF AN INDIRECT ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY (ELISA) TO DETECT ANTIBODIES IN AYU (Plecogiossus altivelis) VACCINATED BY IMMERSION ADMINISTRATION
Authors: Sukenda . , Wakabayashi Hisatsugu 
Published: February 2017

<p>ABSTRACT</p><p>An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect serum antibody in ayu, <em>Plecoglossus altivelis, </em>immunized against <em>Pseudomonasplecoglossicida </em>by immersion vaccination. First, the procedure of the ELISA was optimized and the sensitivity was checked. Secondly, the formalin-killed cells (FKC) of <em>P. plecoglossicida </em>was administered to ayu by immersion vaccination. Two weeks after vaccination, fish were divided into two groups, one group was given booster. The level of specific antibody production of both boostered and vaccinated only fish were statistically higher than unvaccinated control fish at the time of each blood collection. However, the differences between the boostered and vaccinated only fish were not statistically significant.</p><p>Keywords : immunization, <em>Pseudomonas plecoglossicida, </em>ayu, ELISA</p><p> </p><p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) digunakan untuk mendeteksi antibodi pada <em>ayu, Plecoglossus altivelis, </em>yang diimunisasi dengan cara perendaman untuk melawan infeksi <em>Pseudomonas</em> <em>plecoglossicida. </em>Pertama, prosedur ELISA dioptimasikan dan sensitivitas dari metode ini juga diperiksa. Kemudian, bakteri <em>Plecoglossus altivelis </em>yang sudah dimatikan dengan formalin diberikan ke ikan ayu dengan vaksinasi perendaman. Dua minggu setelah vaksinasi, ikan dibagi menjadi dua kelompok, satu kelompok diberi vaksinasi kedua. Produksi antibodi spesifik dari ikan-ikan yang divaksinasi satu kali dengan vaksinasi dua kaii secara statistik lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan control. Akan tetapi, tidak ada perbedaan produksi antibodi antara ikan yarig divaksanisi satu kali dengan divaksinasi dua kali.</p><p>Kata kunci : imunisasi, <em>Pseudomonasplecoglossicida, </em>ayu, ELISA</p>
Growth and Feed Efficiency of Red Tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) Reared in Different Salinities
Authors: Setiawati Mia , Suprayudi M. Agus 
Published: February 2017

<p>The objective of this research was to know the effect of salinity on the growth and utilized of feed energy by red tilapia, <em>Oreochromis</em> sp. Four fishes with 4,15-4,42 g initial body weights were cultured in a 50x40x35 cm aquarium for 40 days. Fish were fed on these diets three times a day at satiation. Dietary growth rate, feed efficiency, protein and lipid retention increased with increasing salinity (<em>p</em><0.05). No significant differences in feed consumption and survival rate were observed at different salinities. From this research it can be concluded that the best condition for red tilapia was salinity of 10-20<sup>o</sup>/<sub>oo</sub>.</p> <p>Key words: Salinity, growth, feed efficiency, and red tilapia.</p> <p> </p> <h1>ABSTRAK</h1> <p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan dan efisiensi pakan ikan nila merah yang dipelihara pada berbagai media bersalinitas. Benih nila merah yang digunakan berbobot awal 4,15-4,42 g/ekor, dipelihara pada akuarium berukuran 60x45x35 cm dengan kepadatan 4 ekor/akuarium, selama 40 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada perbedaan nyata terhadap laju pertumbuhan harian, efisiensi pakan, retensi protein dan retensi lemak dengan meningkatnya salinitas (<em>p</em><0.05). Sedangkan konsumsi pakan dan kelangsungan hidup memberikan pengaruh yang sama. Media bersalinitas 10-20<sup>o</sup>/<sub>oo</sub> memberikan pertumbuhan dan efisiensi pakan terbaik bagi nila merah.</p> <p>Kata-kata kunci: Salinitas, pertumbuhan, efisiensi pakan, dan ikan nila merah.</p>
Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Fitase pada Mikrobia yang Terdapat pada Pupuk Kompos, Rumen Sapi, Ragi dan Tanah Sawah
Authors: Sajidan Sajidan 
Published: February 2017

<p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi dan mengkarakterisasi fitase dari berbagai sumber yang diasumsikan kaya akan senyawa fosfat komplek, seperti: pupuk kompos, isi rumen sapi dan ragi. Isolasi mikrobia dari pupuk kompos, isi rumen sapi dan ragi. Isolasi bakteri penghasil fitase dilakukan dengan menggunakan media LB (<em>Luria Bertani</em>) dengan inkubasi pada suhu 37<sup>o</sup>C selama 16 jam, sedangkan isolasi mikrobia dari ragi menggunakan media PDA (<em>Pottato Dextrose Agar</em>). Ekstrak enzim kasar pada supernatan diperoleh dengan cara sentrifugasi pada kecepatan 5.000 rpm selama 5 menit. Ekstrak enzim kasar dikarakterisasi secara fisik meliputi pH dan temperatur optimum dan pengaruh efektor logam terhadap aktivitas enzim relatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa isolat B1 dari kompos P88 mepunyai aktivitas relatif optimum pada pH 5, suhu 50<sup>o</sup>C dan dengan aktifator Zn<sup>2+</sup> pada konsentrasi 10<sup>-3 </sup>M dan 10<sup>-4</sup>, Isolat B2 dari rumen sapi mepunyai aktivitas relatif optimum pada pH 5, suhu 50<sup>o</sup>C dan dengan aktifator Zn<sup>2+ </sup>pada konsentrasi 10<sup>-3</sup> M dan Mg<sup>2+</sup> pada konsentrasi 10<sup>-4</sup> M. Isolat B3 dari ragi kecap mepunyai aktivitas relatif optimum pada pH 5, suhu 60<sup>o</sup>C dan dengan aktifator Mg<sup>2+</sup> pada konsentrasi 10<sup>-3 </sup>M dan Fe<sup>2+</sup> pada 10<sup>-4</sup> M dan B4 dari ragi tempe mepunyai aktivitas relatif optimum pada pH 5, suhu 50<sup>o</sup>C dan dengan aktifator Mg<sup>2+</sup> pada konsentrasi 10<sup>-3 </sup>M dan Ca<sup>2+</sup> pada konsentrasi 10<sup>-4</sup> M.</p><p> </p><p>Kata kunci : fitase, pH optimum, temperatur optimum, efektor logam, isolat</p>
Transfer Omega-3 Melalui Kapsulisasi dan L-Karnitin Pengaruhnya Terhadap Kandungan Asam Lemak Daging dan Sate Kambing
Authors: Sudibya Sudibya 
Published: February 2017

<p><em>The objective of this study were to find out and to compare the effect of supplementation of L-carnitine and tuna fish oil and lemuru fish oil on fatty acid saturated, fatty acid non saturated concentration and peroksida, TBA number.</em></p><p><em> The materials used were 20 male PE (Peranakan Etawah) goats of 2 until 3 month old and 15.5-23.5 kilogram body weight. The feedstuff used were wild grass, yellow corn, rice bran, soy bean meal, coconut meal, mineral premix. L-carnitine, tuna fish oil and lemuru fish oil. The method of the research was experimental in vivo using Completely Randomized Blok Design. There were 4 treatments in each treatment and 5 replication. Treatment consisted of P<sub>0</sub>= control ration, P<sub>1</sub>=P<sub>0</sub> +L-carnitine 50 ppm, P<sub>2</sub>=P<sub>1</sub> + tuna fish oil 5 ml or equal with 4% in the ration, and P<sub>3</sub>=P<sub>1</sub>+ lemuru fish oil 5 ml or equal with 4% in the ration. The variables measuared fatty acid saturated, fatty acid non saturated concentration and peroksida number..</em></p><p><em> The results of variance analysis showed that the effect of supplementation of tuna fish oil and lemuru fish oil (P<sub>2 </sub>and P<sub>3</sub>) in the rations contain 50 ppm L-carnitine were significantly (P&lt;0.01) on faty acid saturated, faty acid non saturated concentration and peroksida number.</em></p><p><em>The conclusion of this research shows that the supplementation of 50 ppm L-carnitine, tuna and lemuru fish oil 5ml that was equal to 4% in goat rations can incrase non saturated fatty acid from 59,74 to 67,36%, than to decreased saturated fatty acid from 40,26 to 32,64 %. Proces burned of meat goat to increase peroxida from 0.1437 until 0.1615 miliequivalen/kg and malonaldehyde from 1,807 until 2,440 mg/kg then to decrease concentration omega-3 fatty acid from 5,957 until 5,945%.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><em>Key words : saturated fatty acid, non saturated fatty acid , L-carnitine, tuna, lemuru fish oils</em><em></em></p>
The Performance of Area, Production and Productivity of Pulses in Andhra Pradesh (With Reference to 13 Districts of Andhra Pradesh)
Authors: Pasala Srinivasa Rao , Rudra Mahesh 
Published: February 2017

<div><p><em>Former Prime Minister Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri had given slogan of “ Jai Jawan, Jai Kisan”, Now the Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi call to farmers to fill the granaries of nation, the farmers left no stone unturned to live up to his aspirations. He appeal each and every farmer , if they have five acre field, then use at least one acre land for cultivation of pulses and legumes so that India need not import it and pulses, which are basic source of protein are available to the poor at affordable price. In Andhra Pradesh </em><em>(13 districts)</em><em> the area under pulses is 13, 73,544 hectares in 2010-11 which accounted for 23.62 per cent in total food crops area, whereas the same in 2014-15 is 10,42,300 hectares which accounted for 20.03 per cent of total food crops area. Under the National Food Security Mission </em><em>(NFSM) pulses being implemented in all the 13 districts of the state. An amount of Rs. 2378.04 lakhs was spent under NFSM- pulses up to 15-11-2015. </em><em>An intensive analysis of data, the compound annual growth rates are very meager for area, production and productivity of pulses in Andhra Pradesh. The area, production and productivity growth rates of pulses are 0.0039, 0.026 and 0.022 respectively. The change in the growth rate of area was completely decelerated in all three periods (i.e. original, 3MA and 5MA). The same trend exhibits in production in original series. The main source of pulses growth due to yield. It is the time for the policy makers and government to concentrate on pulses production through spreading it to irrigated areas.</em></p></div>
OS DIFERENTES SENTIDOS ATRIBUÍDOS À COMPREENSÃO DA RELAÇÃO DA EDUCAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL E ENSINO MÉDIO
Authors: Cardoso Griebeler Janice Rosangela , Zago Figueiredo Ireni Marilene 
Published: February 2017

<p>No estudo da Educação Profissional é possível identificar a polissemia dos termos que tratam da relação da Educação Profissional com o Ensino Médio. Este artigo tem como objetivo explicitar os diferentes sentidos atribuídos à compreensão da relação entre Educação Profissional e o Ensino Médio, sendo: a) articulação e integração; b) Educação Profissional integrada ao Ensino Médio. Trata-se de um estudo teórico com base nos seguintes autores: Garcia (2008; 2009); Kuenzer; Alves (2009); Lima Filho (2002); Ciavatta (2005; 2008); Ramos (2006; 2008); Oliveira (2009); Frigotto (1995); Frigotto; Ciavatta; Ramos (2005a; 2005b); Kuenzer (2000); Frigotto; Ciavatta (2004); Saviani (2003).</p><p> </p><p><strong>Palavras-Chave: </strong>Política de Educação Profissional; Articulação e Integração; Educação Profissional Integrada ao Ensino Médio.</p><p> </p>
Vertical Extension and Improving of Existing Buildings
Authors: Artés Joan , Wadel Gerardo , Martí Núria 
Published: February 2017

Low-density urban models, widely diffused in Spain until 2008, have been strongly criticized because they produce a great strain on the land, high infrastructure costs, increasing maintenance expenses, energy waste and pollution from excessive transport, time wasted commuting and more bedroom communities. To counterbalance this effect, opponents are claiming for a review of the capacity that the conventional city, with its higher population density and mixed uses, may still possess.
One possibility that has been explored is the vertical extension of buildings, which capitalizes on the remaining buildable space characteristic of many older buildings, and at the same time, refurbishes the housing block and improves standards of energy efficiency, safety and accessibility.
The challenge is not only technical - it is clear what needs to be done and how to do it - but it is also social and fiscal; in other words, how do we get organized and how do we finance such a project? The preferred construction system for vertical extensions is industrialized and uses two main materials: steel and wood. The system involves the use of two-dimensional panels and 3D pods that, once completed in the factory, are transported to the worksite, lifted by a crane and installed on the roof of the building. From refurbishing the existing building to adding the new vertical extension, the entire operation takes four months.
The experience of this vision and its application in the area of the Example in Barcelona, coming soon to other central neighborhoods in Spanish cities, allows us to present our first results: the detection of over 2,000 buildings with remaining buildable space, the need to vertically extend 50 buildings and our completed projects, in some cases already inhabited, of which half a dozen are currently undergoing environmental evaluation using our own tool.
Sustainability Assessment in Singular Structures, Foundations and Structural Rehabilitation in Spanish Legislation
Authors: Mercader-Moyano Pilar , Roldán-Porras Jesús , Ramirez-de-Arellano-Agudo Antonio 
Published: February 2017

The objective of this work is twofold: to determine the scope of the tools currently available for the assessment of sustainability of structures in Spanish legislation; and to identify environmental aspects that have yet to be covered, especially in the case of foundations and of measures aimed at the structural rehabilitation of singular buildings. To this end, the method proposed in the Spanish Instruction of Structural Concrete is applied to the particular case of the supported foundations of the Cylindrical and Colonel buildings in the construction of the new Faculties of Law and of Work Sciences, of the University of Seville during the period between 2005 and 2008. This case was chosen for its special uniqueness and for its inclusion of environmental aspects that remain outside the scope of existing methods.
Most of these aspects are also of great relevance in structural rehabilitation activities carried out in urban environments and neighbourhoods, where a major surge is currently underway due to the economic crisis that has hit projects of newly constructed buildings. By virtue of the work carried out in recent years in the field of sustainability and the environment by several research groups at the University of Seville, a number of alternatives are proposed for the quantification of those aspects that remain to be considered. These techniques are based on tools that allow the agents to intervene in a flexible and effective way in the project implementation phase.