bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activating TCR Signaling to Thwart T-ALL
Authors: Lemonnier François , Mak Tak W. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Summary: Thymic negative selection is a process that aims to eliminate autoreactive T cells by inducing the apoptosis of thymocytes expressing a T-cell receptor (TCR) with high affinity for self-MHC. In this issue, Trinquand and colleagues demonstrate that TCR engagement or anti-CD3 stimulation of TCR-expressing T acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells results in their apoptosis. This cell death is reminiscent of thymic negative selection and has the potential for therapeutic exploitation. Cancer Discov; 6(9); 946–8. ©2016 AACR.
See related article by Trinquand et al., p. 972.
Long-acting recombinant fusion protein linking coagulation factor IX with albumin (rIX-FP) in children
Authors: Chambost Hervé , Male Christoph , Lambert Thierry , Halimeh Susan , Chernova Tatiana , Mancuso Maria Elisa , Curtin Julie , Voigt Christine , Li Yanyan , Jacobs Iris , Santagostino Elena , Kenet Gili ,   the PROLONG-9FP Investigator Study Group
Published: September 2016

SummaryA global phase 3 study evaluated the pharmacokinetics, efficacy and safety of a recombinant fusion protein linking coagulation factor IX with albumin (rIX-FP) in 27 previously treated male children (1–11 years) with severe and moderately severe haemophilia B (factor IX [FIX] activity ≤2 IU/dl). All patients received routine prophylaxis once every seven days for up to 77 weeks, and treated any bleeding episodes on-demand. The mean terminal half-life of rIX-FP was 91.4 hours (h), 4.3-fold longer than previous FIX treatment and clearance was 1.11 ml/h/kg, 6.4-fold slower than previous FIX treatment. The median (Q1, Q3) annualised spontaneous bleeding rate was 0.00 (0.00, 0.91) and was similar between the <6 years and ≥6 years age groups, with a weekly median prophylactic dose of 46 IU/kg. In addition, patients maintained a median trough level of 13.4 IU/dl FIX activity on weekly prophylaxis. Overall, 97.2 % of bleeding episodes were successfully treated with one or two injections of rIX-FP (95 % CI: 92 % to 99 %), 88.7 % with one injection, and 96 % of the treatments were rated effective (excellent or good) by the Investigator. No patient developed FIX inhibitors and no safety concerns were identified. These results indicate that rIX-FP is safe and effective for preventing and treating bleeding episodes in children with haemophilia B with weekly prophylaxis. Routine prophylaxis with rIX-FP at treatment intervals of up to 14 days are currently being investigated in children with severe and moderately severe haemophilia B. Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01662531)
Anti-VLDL receptor monoclonal antibodies inhibit fibrin-VLDL receptor interaction and reduce fibrin-dependent leukocyte transmigration
Authors: Yakovlev Sergiy , Belkin Alexey M. , Chen Ling , Cao Chunzhang , Zhang Li , Strickland Dudley K. , Medved Leonid 
Published: September 2016

SummaryOur previous studies revealed that the interaction of fibrin with the very low density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR) promotes transendothelial migration of leukocytes and thereby inflammation, and localised the fibrin-binding site to CR-domains 2–4 of this receptor. In the present study, we tested interaction of three anti-VLDLR monoclonal antibodies, mAb 1H10, 1H5, and 5F3, with recombinant fragments of VLDLR containing various combinations of its CR-domains and found that the epitopes for mAb 1H10 and mAb 1H5 overlap with the fibrin-binding site of VLDLR. Based on these findings, we hypothesised that mAb 1H10 and mAb 1H5 should inhibit fibrin-VLDLR interaction and modulate leukocyte transmigration. To test this hypothesis, we first demonstrated that these monoclonal antibodies both have high affinity to the fibrin-binding fragments of the VLDL receptor and efficiently inhibit interaction between the VLDLR-binding fragment of fibrin and the fibrin-binding fragments of VLDLR. Next, in the in vitro experiments using leukocyte transendothelial migration assay we found that both monoclonal antibodies efficiently inhibit leukocyte transmigration induced by fibrin mimetic NDSK-II. Finally, in vivo experiments using mouse model of peritonitis revealed that mAb 1H10 and mAb 1H5 both significantly reduce infiltration of leukocytes into the peritoneum. Furthermore, our experiments using mouse model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury revealed that both monoclonal antibodies significantly reduce myocardial injury induced by ischaemia-reperfusion. Thus, the results obtained indicate that monoclonal antibodies 1H10 and 1H5 are novel specific inhibitors of fibrin-VLDLR-dependent leukocyte transmigration pathway. They may represent potential therapeutics for treatment of fibrin-dependent inflammation including myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury.
Blood Transfusion and the Risk of Acute Kidney Injury Among Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Karrowni Wassef , Vora Amit Navin , Dai David , Wojdyla Daniel , Dakik Habib , Rao Sunil V. 
Published: September 2016

Background—
Acute kidney injury (AKI) complicating percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is associated with adverse clinical outcomes. To date, no studies have evaluated the association of blood transfusion with AKI in patients undergoing PCI.

Methods and Results—
We used a retrospective cohort study of all patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing PCI from CathPCI Registry (n=1 756 864). The primary outcome was AKI defined as the rise in serum creatinine post procedure ≥0.5 mg/dL or ≥25% above baseline values. AKI developed in 9.0% of study sample. Patients with AKI were older, more often women, and had high prevalence of comorbidities, including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and advanced stages of chronic kidney disease at baseline. Blood transfusion was utilized in 2.2% of patients. In the overall sample, AKI developed in 35.1% of patients who received transfusion versus 8.4% of patients without transfusion (adjusted odds ratio, 4.87 [4.71–5.04]). In the subgroup of patients who sustained bleeding event and received transfusion, the rate of AKI was significantly increased across all preprocedure hemoglobin levels versus no blood transfusion. Similar findings were seen in the subgroup of patients with no bleeding event.

Conclusions—
Blood transfusion is strongly associated with AKI in patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing PCI. Further investigation is needed to determine whether a restrictive blood transfusion strategy might improve PCI outcomes by reducing the risk of AKI.
Pharmacoinvasive Strategy Versus Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients With ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Sim Doo Sun , Jeong Myung Ho , Ahn Youngkeun , Kim Young Jo , Chae Shung Chull , Hong Taek Jong , Seong In Whan , Chae Jei Keon , Kim Chong Jin , Cho Myeong Chan , Rha Seung-Woon , Bae Jang Ho , Seung Ki Bae , Park Seung Jung 
Published: September 2016

Background—
The Strategic Reperfusion Early After Myocardial Infarction trial and the French Registry of Acute ST-elevation or Non-ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction 2015 suggested that pharmacoinvasive strategy compares favorably with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI). We sought to assess the clinical impact of pharmacoinvasive strategy compared with PPCI in real-world patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction.

Methods and Results—

We used the Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry to identify ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction patients receiving either pharmacoinvasive strategy defined as fibrinolysis followed by percutaneous coronary intervention (rescue/urgent or routine elective; n=708) or PPCI (n=8878). Patients receiving facilitated percutaneous coronary intervention within 3 hours from fibrinolysis were excluded. Propensity-matched 12-month clinical outcome was compared. In the propensity-matched cohort (n=706 in each group), the pharmacoinvasive group had shorter time to reperfusion therapy (165 versus 241 minutes;
P
<0.001) and higher rate of pre-percutaneous coronary intervention Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction grade 3 (50.4% versus 13.7%;
P
<0.001). Incidences of major bleeding and stroke during hospitalization were not different. Twelve-month rates of death and major adverse cardiac events (composite of death, recurrent myocardial infarction, target-vessel revascularization, and coronary artery bypass graft surgery) were similar between pharmacoinvasive strategy and PPCI: 4.4% versus 4.1% and 7.5% versus 7.8%, respectively. Equipoise between pharmacoinvasive strategy and PPCI for 12-month major adverse cardiac events occurred when percutaneous coronary intervention–related delay was ≈100 minutes.

Conclusions—
ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction patients receiving pharmacoinvasive treatment, compared with PPCI, had shorter time to reperfusion, higher culprit-vessel patency, and similar 12-month clinical outcome.
Development and Validation of a Predictive Model for Short‐ and Medium‐Term Hospital Readmission Following Heart Valve Surgery
Authors: Pack Quinn R. , Priya Aruna , Lagu Tara , Pekow Penelope S. , Engelman Richard , Kent David M. , Lindenauer Peter K. 
Published: September 2016

Background

Although models exist for predicting hospital readmission after coronary artery bypass surgery, no such models exist for predicting readmission after heart valve surgery (
HVS
).

Methods and Results

Using a geographically and structurally diverse sample of US hospitals (Premier Inpatient Database, January 2007–June 2011), we examined patient, hospital, and clinical factors predictive of short‐ and medium‐term hospital readmission post‐
HVS
. We set aside 20% of hospitals for model validation. A generalized estimating equation model accounted for clustering within hospitals. At 219 hospitals, we identified 38 532 patients (67 years, 56% male, 62% aortic valve surgery) who underwent
HVS
. A total of 3125 (7.8%) and 4943 (12.8%) patients were readmitted to the index hospital within 1 and 3 months, respectively. Our 3‐month model predicted readmission rates between 3% and 61% with fair discrimination (C‐statistic, 0.67) and good calibration (predicted vs observed differences in validation cohort averaged 1.9% across all deciles of predicted readmission risk). Results were similar for our 1‐month model and our simplified 3‐month model (suitable for clinical use), which used the 5 strongest predictors of readmission: transfused units of packed Red blood cells, presence of End‐stage renal disease, type of Valve surgery, Emergency hospital admission, and hospital Length of stay (
REVE
aL).

Conclusions

We described and validated key factors that predict short‐ and medium‐term hospital readmission post‐
HVS
. These models should enable clinicians to identify individuals with
HVS
who are at increased risk for hospital readmission and are most likely to benefit from improved postdischarge care and follow‐up.
A taxonomic account of the Iranian ratsnakes of the Elaphe longissima species-group
Authors: Nilson Göran , Andrén Claes 
Published: September 2016

In this paper available material of the Elaphe longissima species group from Iran, presented in museum collections or collected by the authors, has been studied. Statistical cluster analyses are applied to this material. Three different taxa (hohenackeri, persica, longissima ssp.) are recognized within this group from Iran. Of three specimens of Elaphe hohenackeri, collected in Iran, two have the "taurica" form of pattern. A comparison with E.hohenackeri from different parts of its range showed that this species is monotypic.
The phenetical distance between E.l.persica and non-Iranian E.l.longissma was of similar magnitude as between these two and E.hohenackeri, which motivates a specific rank for persica. Elaphe persica n.comb. is distributed in the Alburz mountains in northern Iran. A morphological description is given on the variable juvenile morph.
A recently discovered population of Elaphe longissima in western Iran (Azarbaijan) indicates the occurence of a new diverging morph which differs from E.l.longissima in size, number of ventrals in males, subcaudals in both sexes as well as in some colour pattern.
Biogeografia de los Anfibios y Reptiles de Galicia, un Ensayo de Sintesis
Authors: López Santiago Bas 
Published: September 2016

In this work the actual state of knowledge on biogeography of Amphibians and Reptiles from Galicia is exposed in a synthetical way based upon distributional data gathered during the last 10 years.
The geographic distribution of species and communities on latitudinal and altitudinal gradients indicates that climate and biotope are more important factors than latitude or altitude over sea.
The presence of relict populations of eurosiberian taxa and the geographic distribution of endemism point to the importance of climatic alterations during the Quaternary Age (Glaciarism). Thus, the eurosiberian taxa were driven towards Galicia following both the Cornice and the Cantabrian Chain as a mountains, giving rise to sub-especiation or speciation in allopatry of some endemisms.
As the present data are poor we must consider our conclusions as a first hypothesis.
En el presente trabajo se expone de forma sintética el estado actual de concocimientos de la biogeografia de Anfibios y Reptiles de Galicia, basándonos en una labor de prospección realizada en los último 10 años.
Distribucion geográfica de especies y comunidades en gradientes latitudinales y altitudinales conduce a considerar la importancia de los factores clima y biotopo, más que la latitud o altitud sobre el mar.
Presencia de problaciones relictas de taxones eurosiberianos y distribucion geográfica de endemismos señalan la importancia de las alteraciones climáticas del Cuaternario (Glaciarismo) ; impulsando el avance hacia Galicia de taxones eurosiberianos siguiendo la cornisa y cordillera Cantabrica y propiciando la subespeciacion o especiacion en alopatria de ciertos endemismos.
A la espera de una base más amplia, debemos considerar nuestras conclusiones como una hipótesis de p artida.
Observations sur l'Ethologie et l'Evolution d'une Population de Vipera aspis (L.) au Nord du Jura Suisse
Authors: Moser Andréas , Graber Claudia , Freyvogel Thierry A. 
Published: September 2016

The study of a small population of Vipera aspis (L.) in the northern part of the Swiss Jura hillsfrom 1976 to 1980 showed, that the annual cycle with its particular seasonal patterns of behaviour is similar to the one known from other habitats in plains and hills. A decrease of temperature and insolation during the years of observation is considered as a main reason for the interruption of re¬production and for the decrease of the number of adult Asp vipers. Climatic influences may evoke drastic consequences for populations of the northern periphery of the Asp viper's distribution and demonstrate the limits of ecological adaption-capacity such as it is suspected in the present case.
Une petite population de Vipera aspis L. a été observée au nord du Jura suisse entre 1976 et 1980. Le cycle annuel du comportement spécifique correspond à celui déjà connu dans d'autres habitats de l'espèce en plaine et en colline. La diminution de l'insolation et une altération des con¬ditions termiques lors des périodes d'activité des vipères au cours des années d'observation sont con¬sidérées comme facteurs responsables de la décroissance du nombre des vipères adultes et de l'inter¬ruption de la reproduction. Ces données climatiques défavorables pendant plusieurs années ont sans doute contribué à l'évolution de la population étudiée qui est située à l'extrémité septentrionale de l'aire de répartition de Vipera aspis en Suisse et donc déjà à la limite des possibilités de vie de l'espèce.
Beobachtungen einer kleinen Population von Vipera aspis L. im nördlichen Schweizer Jura von 1976 bis 1980 zeigten, dass das Verhalten der Vipern innerhalb ihres Jahreszyklus im wesentlichen den Verhältnissen in anderen Habitaten des Flach- und Hügellandes entspricht. Ein Absinken der Temperaturen und der Sonneneinstrahlungsdauer in den Aktivitätsperioden der Vipern während 5 Beobachtungsjahren wird als wesentlicher Faktor für die Unterbrechung der Fortpflanzung und die Abnahme des Bestandes adulter Vipern gewertet. Ungünstige Klimaveränderungen können an der Nordgrenze des Areals von Vipera aspis Rückgänge in den dort lebenden Populationen verursachen und sich als limitierender Faktor für die Art erweisen. Unsere Beobachtungen in einem solchen Areal-Grenzgebiet weisen auf eine derartige Entwicklung hin.
Description of Lelenchus brevislitus n. sp. (Nematoda: Tylenchidae), an example of a cryptic species from Iran and its phylogenetic relationships with other species in the family
Authors: Soleymanzadeh Mahya , Pedram Majid , Pourjam Ebrahim , Álvarez-Ortega Sergio 
Published: September 2016

Lelenchus brevislitusn. sp. is described and illustrated based on morphological, morphometric and molecular data. The new species is characterised by having females with slender, 452-488 μm long, body lateral field vestigial as a plain simple band under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in vulval region and absent in proximal and distal body ends, cephalic region short,ca2 μm high, conical and truncate in anterior end in lateral view under SEM, dorso-ventrally flattened, amphidial pouches pocket-shaped and large under light microscopy (LM), their apertures short (ca1 μm long in SEM) longitudinal sinuous slits remarkably wide near the small oral disc and significantly narrowing posteriad stylet, slender. 6.5-8.0 μm long, developed median bulb with distinct valvular plates, monodelphic-prodelphic reproductive system having a short post-vulval uterine sac (PUS), transverse vulval slit (V = 47.5-51.7) bearing small lateral membranes on each side, long filiform female tail (154-170 μm, c = 2.8-3.1, c′ = 21.5-28.3), and males unknown. The new species is considered to be a cryptic species inside the Tylenchidae. Morphological comparisons with all species of the genus are discussed. Phylogenetic studies were performed for further characterisation of the new species, and the results, using nearly full length 18S rDNA data, revealed it formed a clade with an isolate ofL. leptosoma, both of which are in a sister clade with an isolate ofSakia. In a reconstructed phylogenetic tree using partial 28S rDNA sequences, the new species formed a monophyletic group, again withL. leptosoma, a sister clade to someMalenchusspp.
Establishing Decision Trees for Predicting Successful Postpyloric Nasoenteric Tube Placement in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Chen Weisheng , Sun Cheng , Wei Ru , Zhang Yanlin , Ye Heng , Chi Ruibin , Zhang Yichen , Hu Bei , Lv Bo , Chen Lifang , Zhang Xiunong , Lan Huilan , Chen Chunbo 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundDespite the use of prokinetic agents, the overall success rate for postpyloric placement via a self‐propelled spiral nasoenteric tube is quite low.MethodsThis retrospective study was conducted in the intensive care units of 11 university hospitals from 2006 to 2016 among adult patients who underwent self‐propelled spiral nasoenteric tube insertion. Success was defined as postpyloric nasoenteric tube placement confirmed by abdominal x‐ray scan 24 hours after tube insertion. Chi‐square automatic interaction detection (CHAID), simple classification and regression trees (SimpleCart), and J48 methodologies were used to develop decision tree models, and multiple logistic regression (LR) methodology was used to develop an LR model for predicting successful postpyloric nasoenteric tube placement. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the performance of these models.ResultsSuccessful postpyloric nasoenteric tube placement was confirmed in 427 of 939 patients enrolled. For predicting successful postpyloric nasoenteric tube placement, the performance of the 3 decision trees was similar in terms of the AUCs: 0.715 for the CHAID model, 0.682 for the SimpleCart model, and 0.671 for the J48 model. The AUC of the LR model was 0.729, which outperformed the J48 model.ConclusionBoth the CHAID and LR models achieved an acceptable discrimination for predicting successful postpyloric nasoenteric tube placement and were useful for intensivists in the setting of self‐propelled spiral nasoenteric tube insertion.
Unexplained “massive osteolysis of femoral head” (MOFH) after acetabular fracture: occurrence and suggested patho-etiology
Authors: Seo Gwy Suk , Dieudonne Gregory , Mooney Scott A , Monu Johnny UV 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundWe observed cases of extensive osteolysis of the femoral head following acetabular fractures even though the original fracture did not involve the femoral head or neck. This observation has been called massive osteolysis of the femoral head (MOFH).PurposeTo evaluate the clinical and imaging features of MOFH to gain a better understanding of its patho-etiology.Material and MethodsWe retrospectively collected cases of acetabular fractures seen over a period of 10 years and evaluated the clinical features and imaging characteristics. The findings were compared with the features of other complications such as osteonecrosis, rapidly progressive osteoarthritis, or post-traumatic osteolysis.ResultsFifteen patients (M:F ratio 9:6; mean age, 61.6 years) out of 244 had MOFH (prevalence: 6.1%). Motor vehicle collision and falls were the most common mechanisms of injury. The time interval for developing MOFH was in the range of 1–18 months after the initial injury. Patterns of femoral head osteolysis varied from eccentric (12 cases) to transcervical (3 cases). Four cases of eccentric osteolysis developed high-degree of osteolysis. MOFH was observed near the surgical hardware in 6/15 cases. One biopsy specimen did not reveal typical features of osteoarthritis or avascular necrosis.ConclusionMOFH appears to be a distinct entity from avascular necrosis or rapidly progressive osteoarthritis. It is suggested that MOFH is a variant of post-traumatic osteolysis that is evident in a subset of patients.
Trouble at t(he) Mill — Thinking about the Social Unconscious in Therapy and Training
Authors: Lloyd Jones Sarah 
Published: September 2016

In Appreciation of Dennis Brown This article is about the group analytic concept of the Social Unconscious, and is an attempt to grasp some of the challenges that this idea (or collection of ideas) presents, especially to students of group analysis: and perhaps one or two of the possibilities. The mill in my title means firstly the psychoanalytic ‘mill’ located wherever there are two or more people gathered in the service of analysis and secondly my own mental mill working through the learning process, with a passing reference to the class struggles centred on the textile mills in the north of England in the early part of the 19th-century1. What I wish to investigate in particular is the choice made in therapeutic situations, between analysing the unconscious from an individual standpoint, and analysing from a social standpoint, something which has been brought to the fore by the coining of the term ‘social unconscious’.