bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fetal megacystis: Institutional experience and outcomes
Authors: Taghavi Kiarash , Sharpe Caitlin , Stringer Mark D. , Zuccollo Jane , Marlow Jay 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundFetal megacystis is a sonographic feature that may be indicative of several underlying pathologies. Despite advances in diagnosis and management, the overall prognosis of affected fetuses remains poor and about 50% of such pregnancies are terminated.AimsTo define the frequency, management, survival and renal outcomes of fetal megacystis over nine years at Wellington Hospital, New Zealand.Materials and MethodsA nine‐year retrospective review of fetuses with an antenatal diagnosis of megacystis was undertaken.ResultsSixteen cases were identified (nine live births, five terminations and two perinatal deaths). This gives an observed frequency of one per 940 fetuses scanned. Two‐thirds of the live births have survived and been followed for a mean of 5.3 years. None have required renal dialysis or transplantation to date.ConclusionsThe current series contributes to our knowledge of fetal megacystis and helps to inform antenatal counselling. Improved prognostic criteria are urgently required to accurately differentiate between fetuses with favourable versus poor outcomes.
The Impact of Corporate Governance Quality on Earnings Management: Evidence from European Companies Cross‐listed in the US
Authors: Bajra Ujkan , Cadez Simon 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe study reported herein examines the impact of two central corporate governance mechanisms (internal audit function quality and board of directors’ quality) on the incidence of earnings management. Unlike most prior studies in the area, focused mainly on US firms, this study looks at European firms that are cross‐listed in the US and covers a long time span – before and after major changes were implemented in corporate governance policies (Sarbanes‐Oxley Act in the US and the 8th Company Law Directive in the European Union). Using novel and comprehensive measurement approaches for internal audit function quality and board of directors’ quality, we find that both mechanisms have a negative direct effect on the incidence of earnings management, while their interactive effect is positive. A longitudinal analysis of both mechanisms also reveals that internal audit function quality and the quality of boards of directors have increased significantly since the policy changes.
Application of International Financial Reporting Standards in the Transition Economy of Serbia
Authors: Obradović Vladimir , Čupić Milan , Dimitrijević Dragomir 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis paper explores the attitudes of the preparers of financial statements in the emerging economy of Serbia towards International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Our research shows that preparers are mainly satisfied with the quality of IFRS and the environment for IFRS application in Serbia and that they generally support the process of global convergence of financial reporting standards. Nevertheless, we find that there is a need to improve the environment for IFRS application in Serbia, and we identify areas that financial reporting regulators in emerging economies should address when attempting to improve the environment for IFRS application. Our research also shows that perceived IFRS quality is dependent on the preparer's experience in applying IFRS and his or her perceptions of the environment in which IFRS are applied. Perceived IFRS quality and attitudes towards the compatibility between IFRS and the environment for application of IFRS affect the level of support for the global convergence of financial reporting standards.
Amygdala and hippocampus volumes are differently affected by childhood trauma in patients with bipolar disorders and healthy controls
Authors: Janiri Delfina , Sani Gabriele , Rossi Pietro De , Piras Fabrizio , Iorio Mariangela , Banaj Nerisa , Giuseppin Giulia , Spinazzola Edoardo , Maggiora Matteo , Ambrosi Elisa , Simonetti Alessio , Spalletta Gianfranco 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectivesVolumetric studies on deep gray matter structures in bipolar disorder (BP) have reported contrasting results. Childhood trauma, a relevant environmental stressor for BP, could account for the variability of the results, modulating differences in the amygdala and hippocampus in patients with BP compared with healthy controls (HC). Our study aimed to test this hypothesis.MethodsWe assessed 105 outpatients, diagnosed with bipolar disorder type I (BP‐I) or bipolar disorder type II (BP‐II) according to DSM‐IV‐TR criteria, and 113 HC subjects. History of childhood trauma was obtained using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). High‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging was performed on all subjects and volumes of the amygdala, hippocampus, nucleus accumbens, caudate, pallidum, putamen, and thalamus were measured using FreeSurfer.ResultsPatients with BP showed a global reduction of deep gray matter volumes compared to HCs. However, childhood trauma modulated the impact of the diagnosis specifically on the amygdala and hippocampus. Childhood trauma was associated with bilateral decreased volumes in HCs and increased volumes in patients with BP.ConclusionsThe results suggest that childhood trauma may have a different effect in health and disease on volumes of gray matter in the amygdala and hippocampus, which are brain areas specifically involved in response to stress and emotion processing.
Phenotypical characteristics of postpartum psychosis: A clinical cohort study
Authors: Kamperman Astrid M , Veldman‐Hoek Marian J , Wesseloo Richard , Robertson Blackmore Emma , Bergink Veerle 
Published: July 2017

ObjectivesPostpartum psychosis (PP) is known for its clear onset but its phenotype has never been clearly described in a cohort. The aim of this study was to describe PP symptomatology, and to identify subgroups of patients based on symptom profiles.MethodsWe prospectively assessed a wide range of symptoms in cases of PP in a cohort of women (N=130) admitted to the Mother‐Baby inpatient unit. Using a person‐centered analytic approach, we distinguished mutually exclusive subgroups of women. Subgroups were related to demographic and clinical characteristics.ResultsThe most prevalent symptoms of PP were irritability (73%), abnormal thought content (72%), and anxiety (71%). Suicidal and infanticidal ideation was present in 19% and 8% of patients, respectively. Delusions and hallucinations often had a negative content. Latent class analysis revealed three symptom profiles, a manic (34%), depressive (41%) and atypical (25%) profile, respectively. The manic profile is characterized by manic symptoms and agitation, the depressive profile by depressive and anxiety symptoms, and the atypical profile by disturbance of consciousness and disorientation. In women with a depressive profile, treatment was started 2 weeks later (P=.049), and more often voluntarily, than in manic and atypical women (P=.037).ConclusionsWe distinguished subgroups of PP patients with a manic, depressive, and atypical profile. Disturbance of consciousness, disorientation, and depersonalization/derealization were less prevalent than previously suggested in the literature. Instead, the depressive profile was the most prevalent, but the depressive profile can easily remain undetected, which could lead to treatment delay and risk of suicide/infanticide. Within the manic profile, irritability was highly prevalent and occurred more often than elevated mood.
Nilotinib dose‐optimization in newly diagnosed chronic myeloid leukaemia in chronic phase: final results from ENESTxtnd
Authors: Hughes Timothy P. , Munhoz Eduardo , Aurelio Salvino Marco , Ong Tee Chuan , Elhaddad Alaa , Shortt Jake , Quach Hang , Pavlovsky Carolina , Louw Vernon J. , Shih Lee‐Yung , Turkina Anna G. , Meillon Luis , Jin Yu , Acharya Sandip , Dalal Darshan , Lipton Jeffrey H. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryThe Evaluating Nilotinib Efficacy and Safety in Clinical Trials–Extending Molecular Responses (ENESTxtnd) study was conducted to evaluate the kinetics of molecular response to nilotinib in patients with newly diagnosed chronic myeloid leukaemia in chronic phase and the impact of novel dose‐optimization strategies on patient outcomes. The ENESTxtnd protocol allowed nilotinib dose escalation (from 300 to 400 mg twice daily) in the case of suboptimal response or treatment failure as well as dose re‐escalation for patients with nilotinib dose reductions due to adverse events. Among 421 patients enrolled in ENESTxtnd, 70·8% (95% confidence interval, 66·2–75·1%) achieved major molecular response (BCR‐ABL1 ≤ 0·1% on the International Scale) by 12 months (primary endpoint). By 24 months, 81·0% of patients achieved major molecular response, including 63·6% (56 of 88) of those with dose escalations for lack of efficacy and 74·3% (55 of 74) of those with dose reductions due to adverse events (including 43 of 54 patients with successful re‐escalation). The safety profile of nilotinib was consistent with prior studies. The most common non‐haematological adverse events were headache, rash, and nausea; cardiovascular events were reported in 4·5% of patients (grade 3/4, 3·1%). The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01254188).
Adult attachment, hostile conflict, and relationship adjustment among couples facing multiple sclerosis
Authors: Crangle Cassandra J. , Hart Tae L. 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveCouples facing multiple sclerosis (MS) report significantly elevated rates of relationship distress, yet the effects of attachment have never been examined in this population. We examined whether hostile conflict mediated the dyadic effects of attachment on relationship adjustment in couples facing MS and whether these associations were moderated by gender or role. We also explored whether dyadic adjustment mediated the relationship between attachment and hostile conflict.DesignThe study was cross‐sectional and included 103 couples in which one partner had been diagnosed with MS.MethodsParticipants completed the Experiences in Close Relationships‐Revised, Dyadic Adjustment Scale, and Aversive Interactions Scale, as well as demographic variables. We used the actor–partner interdependence model for data analysis.ResultsThere were significant actor and partner effects of greater anxious attachment and worse dyadic adjustment. Actor and partner effects of anxious attachment were significantly mediated by greater hostile conflict. Gender significantly moderated the effects between avoidant attachment and dyadic adjustment. The actor effect was significant for males and females; the partner effect was only significant for females. The actor effect for females but not males was significantly mediated by greater hostile conflict. Role was not a significant moderator. Exploratory analyses also showed that dyadic adjustment mediated the relationship between anxious and avoidant attachment and hostile conflict.ConclusionsFindings highlight the important effects of attachment on relationship adjustment in MS couples. Both hostile conflict and dyadic adjustment appear to be mechanisms through which insecure attachment has a detrimental effect.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Despite higher‐than‐normal rates of marital distress and separation/divorce, the effects of attachment on relationship adjustment among couples facing multiple sclerosis have never been examined. Prior studies within healthy populations have supported within‐person and cross‐dyadic associations between attachment and relationship adjustment; however, they have failed to use dyadic analyses. Hostile conflict has been associated with both insecure attachment and relationship adjustment and therefore may be an important mediator to help understand these relationships.

What does this study add?

Women were more negatively affected by their partner's avoidant attachment then men.

Hostile conflict mediated the effects of anxious attachment on dyadic adjustment for individuals and across dyads.

Hostile conflict accounted for the individual effect of avoidant attachment on dyadic adjustment for women.
Long‐term health outcomes of adults with McCune‐Albright syndrome
Authors: Wong Sze Choong , Zacharin Margaret 
Published: July 2017

SummaryContextMcCune‐Albright syndrome (MAS) is associated with numerous health problems. Comprehensive long‐term health problems of adults with MAS are less well defined in the literature.ObjectiveOur objective is to report comprehensive health outcomes of adults with MAS (>18 years).DesignRetrospective case note review of 16 adults with MAS managed by one clinician. Results expressed as median (range).ResultsThe study included 16 adults (seven males) with MAS. Median current age is 29 years (20, 46). Twelve of 16 had craniofacial fibrous dysplasia with five of 12 (42%) with progressive facial asymmetry. Growth hormone excess was observed in six of 16 (38%) and T3‐toxicosis in five of 16 (31.3%). Six of the seven men (86%) had abnormalities on testicular ultrasound with one man exhibiting marked atrophy of germ and sertoli cells with reduction in spermatogenesis. Six of the 16 (38%) had cardiorespiratory complications including high output cardiac failure (n,3), hypertension (n,2) and one man with congestive cardiac failure and restrictive lung disease. Six of eight (66%) who had screening endoscopy for upper gastrointestinal polyps show increasing numbers of polyps, with benign histology to date. One woman with a previous history of early puberty presented with early aggressive breast carcinoma, which was positive for GNAS. Two patients had GNAS‐positive muscle myomas. Platelet dysfunction with bleeding tendency responsive to platelet transfusion during surgery was seen in four.ConclusionA range of complex health problems is encountered in adults with MAS. These have important implications for transition of patients with MAS and adult care. Long‐term cancer risk is currently unknown but requires careful follow‐up.
Children reading spoken words: interactions between vocabulary and orthographic expectancy
Authors: Wegener Signy , Wang Hua‐Chen , de Lissa Peter , Robidoux Serje , Nation Kate , Castles Anne 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThere is an established association between children's oral vocabulary and their word reading but its basis is not well understood. Here, we present evidence from eye movements for a novel mechanism underlying this association. Two groups of 18 Grade 4 children received oral vocabulary training on one set of 16 novel words (e.g., ‘nesh’, ‘coib’), but no training on another set. The words were assigned spellings that were either predictable from phonology (e.g., nesh) or unpredictable (e.g., koyb). These were subsequently shown in print, embedded in sentences. Reading times were shorter for orally familiar than unfamiliar items, and for words with predictable than unpredictable spellings but, importantly, there was an interaction between the two: children demonstrated a larger benefit of oral familiarity for predictable than for unpredictable items. These findings indicate that children form initial orthographic expectations about spoken words before first seeing them in print. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at: https://youtu.be/jvpJwpKMM3E.
Peak alpha frequency is a neural marker of cognitive function across the autism spectrum
Authors: Dickinson Abigail , DiStefano Charlotte , Senturk Damla , Jeste Shafali Spurling 
Published: July 2017

AbstractCognitive function varies substantially and serves as a key predictor of outcome and response to intervention in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), yet we know little about the neurobiological mechanisms that underlie cognitive function in children with ASD. The dynamics of neuronal oscillations in the alpha range (6–12 Hz) are associated with cognition in typical development. Peak alpha frequency is also highly sensitive to developmental changes in neural networks, which underlie cognitive function, and therefore, it holds promise as a developmentally sensitive neural marker of cognitive function in ASD. Here, we measured peak alpha band frequency under a task‐free condition in a heterogeneous sample of children with ASD (N = 59) and age‐matched typically developing (TD) children (N = 38). At a group level, peak alpha frequency was decreased in ASD compared to TD children. Moreover, within the ASD group, peak alpha frequency correlated strongly with non‐verbal cognition. As peak alpha frequency reflects the integrity of neural networks, our results suggest that deviations in network development may underlie cognitive function in individuals with ASD. By shedding light on the neurobiological correlates of cognitive function in ASD, our findings lay the groundwork for considering peak alpha frequency as a useful biomarker of cognitive function within this population which, in turn, will facilitate investigations of early markers of cognitive impairment and predictors of outcome in high risk infants.
Na+/K+‐ATPase coupled to endothelin receptor type B stimulates peripheral nerve regeneration via lactate signalling
Authors: Tu Nguyen H. , Katano Tayo , Matsumura Shinji , Funatsu Nobuo , Pham Vuong Minh , Fujisawa Jun‐ichi , Ito Seiji 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe have recently demonstrated that endothelin (ET) is functionally coupled to Nax, a Na+ concentration‐sensitive Na+ channel for lactate release via ET receptor type B (ETBR) and is involved in peripheral nerve regeneration in a sciatic nerve transection–regeneration mouse model. Nax is known to interact directly with Na+/K+‐ATPase, leading to lactate production in the brain. To investigate the role of Na+/K+‐ATPase in peripheral nerve regeneration, in this study, we applied ouabain, a Na+/K+‐ATPase inhibitor, to the cut site for 4 weeks with an osmotic pump. While functional recovery and nerve reinnervation to the toe started at 5 weeks after axotomy and were completed by 7 weeks, ouabain delayed them by 2 weeks. The delay by ouabain was improved by lactate, and its effect was blocked by α‐cyano‐4‐hydroxy‐cinnamic acid (CIN), a broad monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) inhibitor. In primary cultures of dorsal root ganglia, neurite outgrowth of neurons and lactate release into the culture medium was inhibited by ouabain. Conversely, lactate enhanced the neurite outgrowth, which was blocked by CIN, but not by AR‐C155858, a MCT1/2‐selective inhibitor. ET‐1 and ET‐3 increased neurite outgrowth of neurons, which was attenuated by an ETBR antagonist, ouabain and 2 protein kinase C inhibitors. Taken together with the finding that ETBR was expressed in Schwann cells, these results demonstrate that ET enhanced neurite outgrowth of neurons mediated by Na+/K+‐ATPase via ETBR in Schwann cells. This study suggests that Na+/K+‐ATPase coupled to the ET‐ETBR system plays a critical role in peripheral nerve regeneration via lactate signalling.
High cycle fatigue mechanisms of aluminum self‐piercing riveted joints
Authors: Moraes J.F.C. , Rao H.M. , Jordon J.B. , Barkey M.E. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA study examining the fatigue failure mechanism of self‐piercing riveted (SPR) joints between aluminum alloy 6111‐T4 and 5754‐O is presented in this paper. In particular, the high‐cycle fatigue behavior of the SPR joints in the lap‐shear configuration is characterized. Experimental fatigue testing revealed that failure of SPR joints occurred because of cracks propagating through the sheet thickness at locations away from the rivet. In‐depth postmortem analysis showed that significant fretting wear occurred at the location of the fatigue crack initiation. Energy dispersive X‐ray of the fretting debris revealed the presence of aluminum oxide that is consistent with fretting initiated fatigue damage. High‐fidelity finite element analysis of the SPR process revealed high surface contact pressure at the location of fretting‐initiated fatigue determined by postmortem analysis of failed coupons. Furthermore, fatigue modeling predictions of the number of cycles to failure based on linear elastic fracture mechanics supports the conclusion that fretting‐initiated fatigue occurred at regions of high surface contact pressure and not at locations of nominal high‐stress concentration at the rivet.
Understanding the effects of topography on skin moisturization measurement via two‐dimensional capacitance imaging
Authors: Crowther J. M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectiveMethods which assess skin moisturization based on changes in its electrical properties are widely used in both cosmetic and medical research industries. However, the devices themselves often give results which are significantly different to each other. Recently two‐dimensional imaging moisturization systems have become commercially available, which have the capability to provide a more detailed assessment of what is contributing to measured skin moisturization. Presented here is a new in vitro method for preparing textured model test substrates for use with these devices, and results of their use to provide a clearer insight into the devices operation.MethodsA variety of different textured model test substrates were measured using a commercially available skin moisturization measurement device, the Epsilon. The response of the Epsilon was also tested against conventional skin moisturization devices.ResultsSurface morphology of model test substrates was found to have a significant influence on the measurement of its electrical properties with both the conventional and two‐dimensional skin moisturization measurement devices. Through modification of the areas of the image being assessed for the two‐dimensional moisturization mapping device, the parts of the model test substrate in contact with the device were indentified and analysed separately to areas not in contact with the sensor. This provided a more robust assessment of the electrical properties of substrate itself, rather than being influenced by texture like the conventional skin moisturization measurement devices.ConclusionsWhile the two‐dimensional moisturization mapping systems can be used like a conventional electrical skin measurement device giving a simple overall reading of skin moisturization for the test area, their true value over existing electrical measures comes from its ability to isolate the skin itself from areas which are not in contact with the sensor.