bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of large-scale dynamical variability in the extratropical stratosphere among the JRA-55 family data sets: impacts of assimilation of observational data in JRA-55 reanalysis data
Authors: Taguchi Masakazu 
Published: September 2017

Abstract. This study compares large-scale dynamical variability in the extratropical stratosphere, such as major stratospheric sudden warmings (MSSWs), among the Japanese 55-year Reanalysis (JRA-55) family data sets. The JRA-55 family consists of three products: a standard product (STDD) of the JRA-55 reanalysis data and two sub-products of JRA-55C (CONV) and JRA-55AMIP (AMIP). CONV assimilates only conventional surface and upper-air observations without assimilation of satellite observations, whereas AMIP runs the same numerical weather prediction model without assimilation of observational data. A comparison of the occurrence of MSSWs in Northern Hemisphere (NH) winter shows that, compared to STDD, CONV delays several MSSWs by 1 to 4 days and also misses a few MSSWs. CONV also misses the Southern Hemisphere (SH) MSSW in September 2002. AMIP shows significantly fewer MSSWs in Northern Hemisphere winter and especially lacks MSSWs of the high aspect ratio of the polar vortex in which the vortex is highly stretched or split. A further examination of daily geopotential height differences between STDD and CONV reveals occasional peaks in both hemispheres that are separated from MSSWs. The delayed and missed MSSW cases have smaller height differences in magnitude than such peaks. The height differences for those MSSWs include large contributions from the zonal component, which reflects underestimations in the weakening of the zonal mean polar night jet in CONV. We also explore strong planetary wave forcings and associated polar vortex weakenings for STDD and AMIP. We find a lower frequency of strong wave forcings and weaker vortex responses to such wave forcings in AMIP, consistent with the lower MSSW frequency.
Soil water content drives spatiotemporal patterns of CO2 and N2O emissions from a Mediterranean riparian forest soil
Authors: Poblador Sílvia , Lupon Anna , Sabaté Santiago , Sabater Francesc 
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Riparian zones play a fundamental role in regulating the amount of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) that is exported from catchments. However, C and N removal via soil gaseous pathways can influence local budgets of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and contribute to climate change. Over a year, we quantified soil effluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) from a Mediterranean riparian forest in order to understand the role of these ecosystems on catchment GHG emissions. In addition, we evaluated the main soil microbial processes that produce GHG (mineralization, nitrification, and denitrification) and how changes in soil properties can modify the GHG production over time and space. Riparian soils emitted larger amounts of CO2 (1.2–10 g C m−2 d−1) than N2O (0.001–0.2 mg N m−2 d−1) to the atmosphere attributed to high respiration and low denitrification rates. Both CO2 and N2O emissions showed a marked (but antagonistic) spatial gradient as a result of variations in soil water content across the riparian zone. Deep groundwater tables fueled large soil CO2 effluxes near the hillslope, while N2O emissions were higher in the wet zones adjacent to the stream channel. However, both CO2 and N2O emissions peaked after spring rewetting events, when optimal conditions of soil water content, temperature, and N availability favor microbial respiration, nitrification, and denitrification. Overall, our results highlight the role of water availability on riparian soil biogeochemistry and GHG emissions and suggest that climate change alterations in hydrologic regimes can affect the microbial processes that produce GHG as well as the contribution of these systems to regional and global biogeochemical cycles.
The Role of Film Processing in the Large-Area Dielectric Breakdown Performance of Nano-Silica-BOPP Films
Authors: Rytöluoto Ilkka , Lahti Kari , Ritamäki Mikael , Karttunen Mikka 
Published: September 2017

This paper summarizes the effects of various compositional, structural and film processing factors on the breakdown behavior of laboratory- and pilot-scale melt-compounded bi-axially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) nanocomposite films with silica fillers. A selfhealing multi-breakdown measurement approach has been extensively utilized for large-area breakdown characterization of a large number of material variants from different processing trials. The results suggest that although the optimum level of silica presumably resides at the low fill-fraction range (~1 wt-%), the silica content itself is not the only determining factor, as compounds with equal silica content were found to exhibit large differences in the breakdown properties depending on the compounding and film processing steps. Dispersion quality and filler agglomeration (in both the nm- and μm-scale) appear to be of great importance. Indications of possible interaction between nano-silica and co-stabilizer Irgafos 168 are also presented. Overall, the laboratory- and pilot-scale film processing trials suggest that up-scaling of the polymer nanocomposite production is sensible with traditional melt-blending technology, although further development and optimization of nanocomposite formulations and processing is necessary.
Effect of High Voltage Impulses on Surface Discharge Characteristics of Polyethylene
Authors: Nikjoo Roya , Taylor Nathaniel , Edin Hans 
Published: September 2017

This paper investigates the influence of high voltage impulses on the surface discharge characteristics of polyethylene (PE) during subsequent application of 50 Hz AC voltage. The investigation is done on two types of PE to examine the generality of the phenomena. The effect of impulses on the surface discharge features of PE are studied for both cases of having either a streamer or flashover. For each case, the consecutive surface discharges behave differently when the insulation has been exposed to the transient voltages. The effect of impulses on surface discharge of PE is shown by the change of PD numbers and phase-resolved PD patterns. The results show a prompt change in the total number of discharges which decays with the time. After a surface flashover has occurred due to the impulse, the PD behaves quite differently compared to the similar case without flashover.
Lightning exposure of Carbon Fiber Composites in wind turbine blades
Authors: Madesen Søren Find , Carloni Lisa 
Published: September 2017

Wind turbines are more and more often erected in remote areas of the world, in order to exploit better wind conditions. In these areas the cost of failures and repairs can be substantial. For this reason ensuring the lightning performance of the turbines and especially of the blades has become very important.Modern blades are to a large extent manufactured using Carbon Fiber Composite (CFC) structural parts, due to the CFC’s excellent mechanical tensile strength and stiffness, combined with a light weight. However, Carbon Fiber Composites also exhibit highly anisotropic electric conductivities, which require special attention in terms of lightning protection, primarily in what concerns electrical bonding. The present paper presents the latest findings on how to include CFC materials in wind turbine blades into the lightning protection coordination, both in terms of engineering analysis using modern numerical tools, as well as with experimental validation in the lightning test facility. The paper is part of the EU funded project SPARCARB which started January 1st 2015 and which aims at exploring the details of lightning interactions with CFC materials, damage mechanisms, optimization of electrical/thermal properties by adjusting the chemical composition of resin, fiber sizing, weaving techniques, manufacturing processes, etc.
Electric Field and Potential Distribution in a 420 kV Novel Unibody Composite Cross-Arm
Authors: Jahangiri Tohid , Bak Claus Leth , Da Silva Faria , Endahl Brian 
Published: September 2017

The use of uni-body composite cross-arm in a fully composite-based pylon is a new concept for the next generation of overhead transmission lines. The crossarm is stressed by phase-to-phase voltages except in two regions, which are stressed by phase-to-ground voltages caused by installation of shield wires. Due to a major difference between the novel cross-arm structure and traditional composite cross-arms, the electric field distribution in the uni-body composite cross-arm is of considerable interest. This paper presents and analyses the electric field distribution around and inside the hollow core uni-body cross-arm through which ground cable passes to connect the shield wires. Two different shed profiles are considered on the cross-arm and evaluated based on the guidelines of IEC 60815-3. The 2D geometry of pylon is modeled in ANSYS Finite Element Analysis package. The electric field and potential distribution along the pylon is graphically depicted and the effectiveness of assigned shed profiles in controlling the power frequency stresses are investigated in the areas with high field intensities.
Wideband Transfer Function Measurements on IGBTs for Active Gate Driver Design and Transient Studies
Authors: Rasmussen Tonny Wederberg 
Published: September 2017

IGBTs (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) are used for power converters. For medium voltages about 3-60kV stacking of IGBTs is an interesting issue but lag of information from the data sheet makes it difficult to design active gate drivers. For these reason measurements of transfer functions has to be done fordifferent conditions in voltages and currents. In relation to this also the IGBTs reaction to applied frequencies and transients is investigated in different states. With the achieved information’s a model of the IGBT and hereby converters for transient studies can be made. With these studies parasitic components and their behavior can be included in the models. Studies onpassive components like DC capacitors have been done previoulsy. The paper describes the component theory inrelation to higher frequencies. A measurement system (10Hz -1MHz) is designed and described to being used for lab measurements in order to verify the theory. The IGBT SKM100GB123D from SEMIKRON is used for the investigation. Results from the measurements are given and analyzes with respect to the theory are done.
A Conduction-Cooled Superconducting Magnet System - Design, Fabrication and Thermal Tests
Authors: Song Xiaowei , Holbøll Joachim , Wang Qiuliang , Dai Yingming , Mijatovic Nenad , Wang Jiawei 
Published: September 2017

A conduction-cooled superconducting magnet system with an operating current of 105.5 A was designed, fabricated and tested for material processing applications. The magnet consists of two coaxial NbTi solenoid coils with an identical vertical height of 300 mm and is installed in a high-vacuumed cryostat. A two-stage GM cryocooler with a cooling power of 1.5 W at 4.2 K in the second stage is used to cool the system from room temperature to 4.2 K. In this paper, the detailed design, fabrication, thermal analysis and tests of the system are presented.
Root cause analysis of pseudohyperkalemia in a patient with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: A case report
Authors: Talluri Sriharsha , Talluri Satish C 
Published: September 2017

Pseudohyperkalemia, also known as factitious or spurious hyperkalemia, is predominantly due to hemolysis during the collection process of the specimen. Pseudohyperkalemia is a condition in which the falsely elevated potassium can cause significant clinical dilemma as patients may be given unnecessary and harmful treatment for hyperkalemia. In addition, pseudohyperkalemia can also mask hypokalemia resulting in patients potentially not receiving adequate potassium replacement. Thus, it is pivotal for clinicians and laboratory personnel to have a high index of suspicion for this condition in order for the patient to receive appropriate treatment. We present a case of pseudohyperkalemia without obvious hemolysis due to the use of a 23-gauge needle blood draw in a patient with stage IV chronic kidney disease from focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.
Geef programmeringsorganen toch maar een kans
Authors: van Hoesel Peter 
Published: September 2017

Geef programmeringsorganen toch maar een kans
In deze bijdrage reageert de auteur op het essay van Frans de Haan en Jan-Maarten van Sonsbeek: Beleidsevaluaties: meer dan een ritueel! (BO september 2017).
Effects of Topical Tamoxifen on Wound Healing of Burned Skin in Rats
Authors: Mehrvarz Shaban , Ebrahimi Ali , Sahraei Hedayat , Bagheri Mohammad Hasan , Fazili Sima , Manoochehry Shahram , Rasouli Hamid Reza 
Published: September 2017

Background This study aimed to assess the effects of the topical application of tamoxifen on wound healing of burned skin in Wistar rats by evaluating 3 healing characteristics: fibrotic tissue thickness (FTT), scar surface area (SSA), and angiogenesis in the healed scar tissue.
Methods Eighteen male Wistar rats were used in this study. A third-degree burn wound was made on the shaved animals’ back, measuring 2×2×2 cm. In the first group, a 2% tamoxifen ointment was applied to the wound twice daily for 8 weeks. The second group received a placebo ointment during the same period. The third group did not receive any treatment and served as the control group.
Results The median (interquartile range=[Q1, Q3]) FTT was 1.35 (1.15, 1.62) mm, 1.00 (0.95, 1.02) mm, and 1.25 (0.8, 1.5) mm in the control, tamoxifen, and placebo groups, respectively (P=0.069). However, the FTT in the tamoxifen group was less than in the placebo and control groups. The median angiogenesis was 3.5 (3.00, 6.25), 8.00 (6.75, 9.25), and 7.00 (5.50, 8.25) vessels per high-power field for the control, tamoxifen, and placebo groups, respectively (P=0.067). However, the median angiogenesis was higher in the tamoxifen group than in the control group. No significant difference was observed in the mean SSA between the tamoxifen group and the control group (P=0.990).
Conclusions Local application of tamoxifen increased angiogenesis and decreased the FTT, with no change in the SSA in burned skin areas. These effects are expected to expedite the wound healing process, reducing contracture and preventing hypertrophic scar and keloid formation.
The Anconeus Muscle Free Flap: Clinical Application to Lesions on the Hand
Authors: Jeon Byung-Joon , Jwa Seung Jun , Lee Dong Chul , Roh Si Young , Kim Jin Soo 
Published: September 2017

Background It can be difficult to select an appropriate flap for various defects on the hand. Although defects of the hand usually must be covered with a skin flap, some defects require a flap with rich blood supply and adequate additive soft tissue volume. The authors present their experience with the anconeus muscle free flap in the reconstruction of various defects and the release of scar contractures of the hand.
Methods Ten patients underwent reconstruction of the finger or release of the first web space using the anconeus muscle free flap from May 1998 to October 2013. Adequate bed preparations with thorough debridement or contracture release were performed. The entire anconeus muscle, located at the elbow superficially, was harvested, with the posterior recurrent interosseous artery as a pedicle. The defects were covered with a uniformly trimmed anconeus muscle free flap. Additional debulking of the flap and skin coverage using a split-thickness skin graft were performed 3 weeks after the first operation.
Results The average flap size was 18.7 cm2 (range, 13.5–30 cm2). All flaps survived without significant complications. Vein grafts for overcoming a short pedicle were necessary in 4 cases.
Conclusions The anconeus muscle free flap can be considered a reliable reconstructive option for small defects on the hand or contracture release of the web space, because it has relatively consistent anatomy, provides robust blood supply within the same operative field, and leads to no functional loss at the donor site.
An exploratory pilot study of mechanisms of action within normative feedback for adult drinkers
Authors: Kuerbis Alexis , Muench Frederick J. , Lee Rufina , Pena Juan , Hail Lisa 
Published: September 2017

Background. Normative feedback (NF), or receiving information about one’s drinking compared to peer drinking norms, is one of the most widely used brief interventions for prevention and intervention for hazardous alcohol use. NF has demonstrated predominantly small but significant effect sizes for intention to change and other drinking related outcomes. Identifying mechanisms of action may improve the effectiveness of NF; however, few studies have examined NF’s mechanisms of action, particularly among adults.
Objective. This study is an exploratory analysis of two theorized mechanisms of NF: discrepancy (specifically personal dissonance—the affective response to feedback) and belief in the accuracy of feedback.
Method. Using Amazon’s Mechanical Turk, 87 men (n = 56) and women (n = 31) completed an online survey during which they were asked about their perceptions about their drinking and actual drinking behaviors. Then participants were provided tailored NF and evaluated for their reactions. Severity of discrepancy was measured by the difference between one’s estimated percentile ranking of drinking compared to peers and actual percentile ranking. Surprise and worry reported due to the discrepancy were proxies for personal dissonance. Participants were also asked if they believed the feedback and if they had any plans to change their drinking. Mediation analyses were implemented, exploring whether surprise, worry, or belief in the accuracy of feedback mediated severity of discrepancy’s impact on plan for change.
Results. Among this sample of adult drinkers, severity of discrepancy did not predict plan for change, and personal dissonance did not mediate severity of discrepancy. Severity of discrepancy was mediated by belief in the accuracy of feedback. In addition, viewing one’s drinking as a problem prior to feedback and post-NF worry both predicted plan for change independently.
Conclusions. Results revealed that NF may not work to create personal dissonance through discrepancy, but belief in the accuracy of feedback may be important. It appears the more one believes the feedback, the more one makes a plan for change, suggesting practitioners should be mindful of how information within feedback is presented. Findings also indicate NF may work by validating a preexisting perception that drinking is a problem instead of creating concern related to discrepancy where none existed. Limitations regarding generalizability are discussed.
Great Salt Lake (Utah) Microbialite δ13C, δ18O, and δ15N Record Fluctuations in Lake Biogeochemistry Since the Late Pleistocene
Authors: Newell D. L. , Jensen J. L. , Frantz C. M. , Vanden Berg M. D. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractExtensive lacustrine microbialite deposits exposed along the shores of Great Salt Lake (GSL), Utah preserve a rich continental paleoenvironmental record. Newly‐reported microbialite carbon and oxygen stable isotope ratios in carbonate, nitrogen isotope ratios in organic matter, and organic matter radiocarbon ages archive paleolake hydrological and biogeochemical changes from the late Pleistocene through the Holocene. Positive correlations between δ18O and δ13C in ∼15 – 7.6 cal ka microbialite carbonate are consistent with a hydrologically closed‐basin lake with fluctuations in volume, chemistry, and associated changes in lake primary production. The δ15N of microbialite bulk organic matter (5 – 18 ‰ versus AIR) shows that the balance between nitrogen fixation and assimilation of dissolved inorganic nitrogen has varied significantly. Inverse δ18O and δ13C correlations in combination with high δ15N in some carbonate deposits may imply periods of higher salinity and stable lake stratification similar to modern GSL conditions. We compare our C and O data sets with Pleistocene Lake Bonneville carbonate stable isotope records and demonstrate progressive development of spatially‐isolated hydrological basins during the shift to warmer and drier conditions in the Holocene.
Arctic Deep Water Ferromanganese‐Oxide Deposits Reflect the Unique Characteristics of the Arctic Ocean
Authors: Hein James R. , Konstantinova Natalia , Mikesell Mariah , Mizell Kira , Fitzsimmons Jessica N. , Lam Phoebe J. , Jensen Laramie T. , Xiang Yang , Gartman Amy , Cherkashov Georgy , Hutchinson Deborah R. , Till Claire P. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractLittle is known about marine mineral deposits in the Arctic Ocean, an ocean dominated by continental shelf and basins semi‐closed to deep‐water circulation. Here, we present data for ferromanganese crusts and nodules collected from the Amerasia Arctic Ocean in 2008, 2009, and 2012 (HLY0805, HLY0905, and HLY1202). We determined mineral and chemical compositions of the crusts and nodules and the onset of their formation. Water column samples from the GEOTRACES program were analyzed for dissolved and particulate scandium concentrations, an element uniquely enriched in these deposits. The Arctic crusts and nodules are characterized by unique mineral and chemical compositions with atypically high growth rates, detrital contents, Fe/Mn ratios, and low Si/Al ratios, compared to deposits found elsewhere. High detritus reflects erosion of submarine outcrops and North America and Siberia cratons, transport by rivers and glaciers to the sea, and distribution by sea ice, brines, and currents. Uniquely high Fe/Mn ratios are attributed to expansive continental shelves, where diagenetic cycling releases Fe to bottom waters, and density flows transport shelf bottom water to the open Arctic Ocean. Low Mn contents reflect the lack of a mid‐water oxygen minimum zone that would act as a reservoir for dissolved Mn. The potential host phases and sources for elements with uniquely high contents are discussed with an emphasis on scandium. Scandium sorption onto Fe oxyhydroxides and Sc‐rich detritus account for atypically high scandium contents. The opening of Fram Strait in the Miocene and ventilation of the deep basins initiated Fe‐Mn crust growth ∼15 Myr ago.