bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new animal model of placebo analgesia: involvement of the dopaminergic system in reward learning
Authors: Lee In-Seon , Lee Bombi , Park Hi-Joon , Olausson Håkan , Enck Paul , Chae Younbyoung 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWe suggest a new placebo analgesia animal model and investigated the role of the dopamine and opioid systems in placebo analgesia. Before and after the conditioning, we conducted a conditioned place preference (CPP) test to measure preferences for the cues (Rooms 1 and 2) and a hot plate test (HPT) to measure the pain responses to high level-pain after the cues. In addition, we quantified the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and c-Fos in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) as a response to reward learning and pain response. We found an enhanced preference for the low level-pain paired cue and enhanced TH expression in the VTA of the Placebo and Placebo + Naloxone groups. Haloperidol, a dopamine antagonist, blocked these effects in the Placebo + Haloperidol group. An increased pain threshold to high-heat pain and reduced c-Fos expression in the ACC were observed in the Placebo group only. Haloperidol blocked the place preference effect and naloxone and haloperidol blocked the placebo analgesia. Cue preference is mediated by reward learning via the dopamine system, whereas the expression of placebo analgesia is mediated by the dopamine and opioid systems.
ORMDL3 contributes to the risk of atherosclerosis in Chinese Han population and mediates oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced autophagy in endothelial cells
Authors: Ma Xiaochun , Qiu Rongfang , Dang Jie , Li Jiangxia , Hu Qin , Shan Shan , Xin Qian , Pan Wenying , Bian Xianli , Yuan Qianqian , Long Feng , Liu Na , Li Yan , Gao Fei , Zou Chengwei , Gong Yaoqin , Liu Qiji 
Published: November 2015

AbstractORMDL sphingolipid biosynthesis regulator 3 (ORMDL3) is a universally confirmed susceptibility gene for asthma and has recently emerged as a crucial modulator in lipid metabolism, inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-the mechanisms also closely involved in atherosclerosis (AS). Here we first presented the evidence of two single nucleotide polymorphisms regulating ORMDL3 expression (rs7216389 and rs9303277) significantly associated with AS risk and the evidence of increased ORMDL3 expression in AS cases compared to controls, in Chinese Han population. Following the detection of its statistical correlation with AS, we further explored the functional relevance of ORMDL3 and hypothesized a potential role mediating autophagy as autophagy is activated upon modified lipid, inflammation and ER stress. Our results demonstrated that in endothelial cells oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) up-regulated ORMDL3 expression and knockdown of ORMDL3 alleviated not only ox-LDL-induced but also basal autophagy. BECN1 is essential for autophagy initiation and silencing of ORMDL3 suppressed ox-LDL-induced as well as basal BECN1 expression. In addition, deletion of ORMDL3 resulted in greater sensitivity to ox-LDL-induced cell death. Taken together, ORMDL3 might represent a causal gene mediating autophagy in endothelial cells in the pathogenesis of AS.
Prognostic significance of distal subtotal gastrectomy with standard D2 and extended D2 lymphadenectomy for locally advanced gastric cancer
Authors: Zhang Chun-Dong , Shen Ming-Yang , Zhang Jia-Kui , Ning Fei-Long , Zhou Bao-Sen , Dai Dong-Qiu 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis study was conducted to investigate prognosis and survival of patients undergoing distal subtotal gastrectomy with D2 and D2+ lymphadenectomy for patients with locally advanced gastric cancer. Overall survival rates of 416 patients with locally advanced gastric cancer were compared between D2 and D2+ lymphadenectomy. Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis was used to identify significant prognostic factors correlated with LN metastasis and prognosis. Univariate analysis identified tumor size, lymphatic vessel invasion, pT stage, pN stage, TNM stage, locoregional recurrence and distant recurrence, to significantly correlate with prognosis; Tumor size, LVI and pT stage were identified as independent factors correlating with LN metastasis. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that tumor size, pT stage, pN stage, locoregional recurrence and distant recurrence were independent prognostic factors; Tumor size and pT stage were independent prognostic factors predicting LN metastasis. When comparing 5-year survival rates of patients who underwent D2 and D2+ lymphadenectomy, as stratified by pT stage and pN stage, a significant difference was found in pN3 patients, but not for pT2–4 and pN0–2 patients, or the patient cohort as a whole. In conclusion, D2 lymphadenectomy for patients with locally advanced gastric cancer undergoing distal subtotal gastrectomy was recommended, especially in eastern Asia.
A mechanism of glucose tolerance and stimulation of GH1 β-glucosidases
Authors: Yang Yang , Zhang Xinxin , Yin Qiang , Fang Wei , Fang Zemin , Wang Xiaotang , Zhang Xuecheng , Xiao Yazhong 
Published: November 2015

Abstractβ-Glucosidases are enzymes that hydrolyze β-glycosidic bonds to release non-reducing terminal glucosyl residues from glycosides and oligosaccharides and thus have significant application potential in industries. However, most β-glucosidases are feedback inhibited by the glucose product, which restricts their application. Remarkably, some β-glucosidases of the glycoside hydrolase (GH) 1 family are tolerant to or even stimulated by glucose. Elucidation of the mechanisms of glucose tolerance and stimulation of the GH1 β-glucosidases will be crucial to improve their application through enzyme engineering. In this study, by comparing the primary and tertiary structures of two GH1 β-glucosidases with distinct glucose dependence, some putative glucose-dependence relevant sites were mutated to investigate their exact roles. Both biochemical and structural characterization of the mutants suggested that some sites at the entrance and middle of the substrate channel regulate the effects of glucose and the relative binding affinity/preference of these sites to glucose modulates the glucose dependence. A mechanism was therefore proposed to interpret the glucose dependence of GH1 β-glucosidases. This research provides fresh insight into our current understanding of the properties and mechanisms of GH1 β-glycosidases and related enzymes that modulate their activity via feedback control mechanism.
Trait-related decision making impairment in obsessive-compulsive disorder: evidence from decision making under ambiguity but not decision making under risk
Authors: Zhang Long , Dong Yi , Ji Yifu , Tao Rui , Chen Xuequan , Ye Jianguo , Zhang Lei , Yu Fengqiong , Zhu Chunyan , Wang Kai 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate whether deficits in decision making were potential endophenotype markers for OCD considering different phases of the disease. Fifty-seven non-medicated OCD patients (nmOCD), 77 medicated OCD patients (mOCD), 48 remitted patients with OCD (rOCD) and 115 healthy controls were assessed with the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), which measured decision making under ambiguity and the Game of Dice Task (GDT), which measured decision making under risk. While the three patients groups showed impaired performance on the IGT compared with healthy controls, all patients showed intact performance on the GDT. Furthermore, the rOCD patients showed a preference for deck B, indicating that they showed more sensitivity to the frequency of loss than to the magnitude of loss, whereas the mOCD patients showed a preference for deck A, indicating that they had more sensitivity to the magnitude of loss than to the frequency of loss. These data suggested that OCD patients had trait-related impairments in decision making under ambiguity but not under risk and that dissociation of decision making under ambiguity and under risk is an appropriate potential neurocognitive endophenotype for OCD. The subtle but meaningful differences in decision making performance between the OCD groups require further study.
Study of magnetic transitions in Dy by means of reversible Villari effect
Authors: Corró M L , el Hichou A , Cesari E , Kustov S 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Application of a new method—high-sensitivity measurements of periodic stress-induced induction (reversible Villari effect, RVE)—allows us to uncover new effects in the low-field behaviour of different magnetic phases of polycrystalline Dy. A loss of magnetoelastic coupling (Villari critical point) is found around 166 K, close to the temperature which was supposed to separate the helical structure from the possible vortex one. We show that the low-field magnetic hysteresis emerges immediately below the Néel temperature and, below the Villari critical point, demonstrates a qualitative difference for cooling and heating from the ferromagnetic state. It has been found that, below the Villari critical point, in the helical phase, polycrystalline Dy is in essentially non-equilibrium state, revealed as a time-dependent relaxation of RVE. We relate the effects observed in the helical phase with thermal internal stresses and existence of lattice defects which inherit ferromagnetic order upon heating from the ferromagnetic state.
Low threshold tunable spaser based on multipolar Fano resonances in disk–ring plasmonic nanostructures
Authors: Zheng Chunjie , Jia Tianqing , Zhao Hua , Zhang Shian , Feng Donghai , Sun Zhenrong 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
In this paper, we study theoretically spasers based on multipolar Fano resonances in disk-ring nanostructures covered with a silica layer doped with Yb3+:Er3+ used as the gain material. The electric field amplitudes at the quadrupolar mode (lasing wavelength) and the octupolar mode (pumping wavelength) are simultaneously enhanced by tens of times. Moreover, the spaser operates in a dark mode, which can reduce the radiation loss and enhance the confinement effectively. These factors work together to decrease greatly the critical gain coefficient and threshold. By adjusting the elliptic partial degrees of the nano-ring, the spasers can be tuned in the range of 1550 to 1650 nm, while the pumping light remains at the 980 nm absorption band of Yb3+ ions. Moreover, the spasers at three Fano resonance wavelengths of the disk-ring nanostructures appear in sequence with increasing the gain coefficient. The effects of the extinction coefficient on the electric field amplitudes of the pump light are also studied.
Structural transitions in different monolayers of cobalt phthalocyanine film grown on Bi(1 1 1)
Authors: Tao Min-Long , Tu Yu-Bing , Sun Kai , Zhang Yao , Zhang Xin , Li Zhao-Bing , Hao Shao-Jie , Xiao Hua-Fang , Ye Juan , Wang Jun-Zhong 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The structural evolution of cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) thin films grown on a Bi(1 1 1) surface from the sub-monolayer to the third layer has been investigated with low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Two crucial transitions have been identified during the film epitaxial growth: one is the structural transition from zigzag chains to linear dimerized chains in the monolayer regime; the other is the molecular orientational transition from a flat-lying to a standing-up configuration in the multilayer regime. These results are helpful in understanding the growth mechanism of transition-metal phthalocyanine films on semi-metallic surfaces.
Neutronic design studies of a conceptual DCLL fusion reactor for a DEMO and a commercial power plant
Authors: Palermo I. , Veredas G. , Gómez-Ros J.M. , Sanz J. , Ibarra A. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Neutronic analyses or, more widely, nuclear analyses have been performed for the development of a dual-coolant He/LiPb (DCLL) conceptual design reactor. A detailed three-dimensional (3D) model has been examined and optimized. The design is based on the plasma parameters and functional materials of the power plant conceptual studies (PPCS) model C. The initial radial-build for the detailed model has been determined according to the dimensions established in a previous work on an equivalent simplified homogenized reactor model. For optimization purposes, the initial specifications established over the simplified model have been refined on the detailed 3D design, modifying material and dimension of breeding blanket, shield and vacuum vessel in order to fulfil the priority requirements of a fusion reactor in terms of the fundamental neutronic responses. Tritium breeding ratio, energy multiplication factor, radiation limits in the TF coils, helium production and displacements per atom (dpa) have been calculated in order to demonstrate the functionality and viability of the reactor design in guaranteeing tritium self-sufficiency, power efficiency, plasma confinement, and re-weldability and structural integrity of the components. The paper describes the neutronic design improvements of the DCLL reactor, obtaining results for both DEMO and power plant operational scenarios.
Fast and accurate construction of confidence intervals for heritability
Authors: Schweiger Regev , Kaufman Shachar , Laaksonen Reijo , Kleber Marcus E , März Winfried , Eskin Eleazar , Rosset Saharon , Halperin Eran 
Published: November 2015

AbstractEstimation of heritability is fundamental in genetic studies. In recent years, heritability estimation using linear mixed models (LMMs) has gained popularity, because these estimates can be obtained from unrelated individuals collected in genome wide association studies. Typically, heritability estimation under LMMs uses either the maximum likelihood (ML) or the restricted maximum likelihood (REML) approach. Existing methods for the construction of confidence intervals and estimators of standard errors for both ML and REML rely on asymptotic properties. However, these assumptions are often violated due to the bounded parameter space, statistical dependencies, and limited sample size, leading to biased estimates, and inflated or deflated confidence intervals. Here, we show that often the probability that the genetic component is estimated as zero is high even when the true heritability is bounded away from zero, emphasizing the need for accurate confidence intervals. We further show that the estimation of confidence intervals by state-of-the-art methods is highly inaccurate, especially when the true heritability is either relatively low or relatively high. Such biases are present, for example, in estimates of heritability of gene expression in the GTEx study, and of lipid profiles in the LURIC study. We propose a computationally efficient method, AccurateLMM-Based confidenceIntervals (ALBI), for the estimation of the distribution of the heritability estimator, and for the construction of accurate confidence intervals. Our method can be used as an add-on to existing methods for heritability and variance components estimation, such as GCTA, FaST-LMM, GEMMA, or EMMA. ALBI is available athttp://www.cs.tau.ac.il/~heran/cozygene/software/albi.html.
A comparison of one-rate and two-rate inference frameworks for site-specificdN/dSestimation
Authors: Spielman Stephanie J. , Wan Suyang , Wilke Claus O. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractTwo broad paradigms exist for inferringdN/dS, the ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitution rates, from coding sequences: i) a one-rate approach, wheredN/dSis represented with a single parameter, or ii) a two-rate approach, where dN and dS are estimated separately. The performances of these two approaches have been well-studied in the specific context of proper model specification, i.e. when the inference model matches the simulation model. By contrast, the relative performances of one-rate vs. two-rate parameterizations when applied to data generated according to a different mechanism remains unclear. Here, we compare the relative merits of one-rate and two-rate approaches in the specific context of model misspecification by simulating alignments with mutation-selection models rather than withdN/dS-based models. We find that one-rate frameworks generally infer more accuratedN/dSpoint estimates, even when dS varies among sites. In other words, modelingdSvariation may substantially reduce accuracy ofdN/dSpoint estimates. These results appear to depend on the selective constraint operating at a given site. In particular, for sites under strong purifying selection (dN/dS<~0.3), one-rate and two-rate models show comparable performances. However, one-rate models significantly outperform two-rate models for sites under moderate-to-weak purifying selection. We attribute this distinction to the fact that, for these more quickly evolving sites, a given substitution is more likely to be nonsynonymous than synonymous. The data will therefore be relatively enriched for nonsynonymous changes, and modeling dS contributes excessive noise todN/dSestimates. We additionally find that high levels of divergence among sequences, rather than the number of sequences in the alignment, are more critical for obtaining precise point estimates.
Monetary compensation, workforce-oriented corporate social responsibility, and firm performance
Authors: Feng Mingming , Wang Xiaodan  "Abby" , Saini Jagjit S. 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– Prior literature has established the theoretical and statistical linkages between monetary compensation and firm performance, yet little is known about how the association between monetary compensation and firm performance is moderated by companies’ engagement in corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities. Further, compared to executive compensation, non-executive compensation remains an underexplored topic. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how workforce-oriented CSR moderates: first, the association between non-executive compensation and firm performance; and second, the association between executive compensation and firm performance.

Design/methodology/approach
– Using a sample of 181 from the largest 3,000 US companies for the years 1991-2011, the authors investigate how workforce-oriented CSR moderates the association between compensation and firm performance. Compensation is examined at two levels – non-executive versus executive compensation. The workforce-oriented CSR score is constructed as total strengths minus total concerns in Kinder, Lydenberg, and Domini’s employee relations dimension.

Findings
– The authors find an improvement in firm performance with increases in both non-executive and executive compensation. Further, workforce-oriented CSR positively moderates the association between non-executive compensation and firm performance, and negatively moderates the association between executive compensation and firm performance.

Research limitations/implications
– This study adds to the literature of the compensation-performance linkage by including both non-executive and executive compensation as important determinants of firm performance and incorporating workforce-oriented CSR as a moderator on the compensation-performance linkage. It also provides new angles for CSR scholars.

Practical implications
– This study helps managers understand the importance of fulfilling employees’ social emotional needs and the potential of workforce-oriented CSR in shaping employees’ perceived distributive justice. The findings also help managers make critical decisions regarding the allocation of limited corporate resources and prioritization of investment options. In addition, the findings are also useful to boards of directors and human resources managers who are in charge of hiring executives, building top management teams, and deciding executive compensation.

Originality/value
– This study helps advance our understanding of the compensation-performance linkage. The results suggest that the relationship between compensation and financial performance is contingent on other organizational factors. In addition, the findings provide practical implications on how CSR engagement moderates the association between non-executive compensation and firm performance differently than the association between executive compensation and firm performance and how to allocate corporate resources and prioritize strategic options effectively.
One educator, four perspectives
Authors: Stearns-Pfeiffer Amanda 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– The author of this paper aims to reflect on the past 14 years of English education in the USA and the resulting effects of state standards and standards implementation on secondary English teachers.

Design/methodology/approach
– Controversy surrounding standards implementation often includes balancing the struggle between teacher autonomy and district-mandated curriculum. The journey described here includes four roles in education: first, an undergraduate in a teacher education program at a state university; second, a classroom teacher learning to create pacing guides based on the standards; third, a graduate student writing a dissertation about standards implementation; and, fourth, a teacher educator who works with pre-service and practicing teachers.

Findings
– Educators at all levels must determine how to best navigate standards to help students succeed in the classroom, and what teaching practices must endure even in the face of increased standardization.

Originality/value
– Lack of curricular autonomy and few teacher-centered professional development opportunities during early standards implementation experiences led the author to understand the importance of a workshop model of standards implementation for teachers. In addition, strong support for reading and writing workshops in the secondary English Language Arts classroom is also provided, including the specific Common Core Standards met during these classroom activities.
The practice of reading aloud in the high school: a preliminary investigation
Authors: Warner Lionel , Crolla Caroline 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate why reading aloud (RA), both by teachers and students, is such a common practice in high school classrooms. In particular, this investigation considers students’ views of why RA is practised and what are its effects.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper presents the results of two small focus group discussions, in which high school students were given the opportunity to express their responses to the notion of RA in the classroom. Their responses are considered in the context of theoretical views of RA: pedagogical, reader-response and social/vocational.

Findings
– Analysis of responses revealed acknowledgement that RA is not only a useful skill but also that it is in the classroom, a site of anxiety and even conflict.

Research limitations/implications
– The sample is small and of very circumscribed generalisability. The students’ responses indicate further questions that might usefully be asked about the purpose and value of RA, in school and in society.

Practical implications
– The findings have implications for teachers’ practice, particularly in terms of the extent to which and the conditions in which students’ RA can develop confidence.

Originality/value
– Although much has been written about the use of RA with young children, it remains under-researched in mainstream high schools.
Complexity and leadership crisis in Africa
Authors: Olalere Anthony 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to evaluate a leadership crisis in Africa with the view to suggested new model that help overcome the leadership gap.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper adopt the complexity leadership approach to explicate the leadership crisis in Africa.

Findings
– This paper suggested that the use of complexity leadership model of enabling leadership to better understand the complex leadership crisis.

Research limitations/implications
– The application of the leadership enables an appreciation of contemporary leadership realities.

Originality/value
– This paper adopting complexity leadership is novel and helps to fill the gap in understanding of present leadership crisis.