bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does the total dysphagia risk score correlate with swallowing function examined by videofluoroscopy?
Authors: Nevens Daan , Goeleven Ann , Duprez Fréderic , Braeken R , Decabooter E , De Smet M , Lutters L , Dejaeger Eddy , De Neve Wilfried , Nuyts Sandra 
Published: January 2018

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to correlate the total dysphagia risk score (TDRS) with swallowing function as measured by videofluoroscopy of swallowing using the swallowing performance scale (SPS) and the penetration aspiration scale (PAS).

Methods:
63 patients from two different centres treated with radiotherapy for head and neck cancer were evaluated in the current study. Swallowing videofluoroscopies at baseline, 6 and 12 months following radiotherapy were evaluated by two observers. The TDRS of all patients was calculated and correlated with the consensus PAS and SPS scores of the two observers.

Results:
Regarding the PAS scale, we did not observe a significant correlation with the TDRS. Regarding SPS, we found a significant correlation at 6 months (p = 0.01) and a borderline significant correlation at 12 months (p = 0.05). We observed statistically lower SPS scores for patients in the intermediate-risk category when compared to the high-risk category. When we compared low v s high TDRS risk patients, we did not observe a significant difference regarding SPS scores. When comparing low- vs intermediate-risk patients, we observed higher SPS scores in the low-risk group (p = 0.01). When the low- and intermediate-risk patients were grouped together, we observed less swallowing problems as measured by SPS in the low and intermediate group when compared to the high-risk group (p = 0.05) at 6 months.

Conclusion:
Patients with high-risk TDRS scores have higher SPS scores when compared to the intermediate group and the intermediate- and low-risk group together. However, low-risk patients in our patient cohort could not be distinguished from high or intermediate-risk patients.

Advances in knowledge:
TDRS was never correlated with videofluoroscopies in past studies. The hypothesis of this paper was to see if the TDRS could guide us to see which patients are at risk for high scores on SPS and PAS and might need a videofluoroscopic examination in the follow up. Given the poor correlations in our study, however, we cannot recommend the use of the TDRS to select patients who might benefit from the additional information provided by videofluoroscopies.
A eficácia horizontal dos direitos fundamentais
Authors: Carvalho Alexander Perazo Nunes de , Lima Renata Albuquerque de 
Published: January 2018

A questão sobre a eficácia horizontal dos direitos fundamentais demonstra a inevitável evolução da nova hermenêutica constitucional. Percebe-se na Doutrina e Jurisprudência uma maior preocupação com a aplicabilidade desses direitos em relação aos particulares, ampliando, portanto, o seu raio de ação. Inserindo uma nova dimensão objetiva aos direitos fundamentais, conclui-se que já não basta ao Estado se abster de violar direitos humanos. É preciso que ele atue concretamente para proteger os indivíduos face às agressões e ameaças de terceiros, incluindo aqui, os interesses privados. A constitucionalização do Direito Civil é o marco da adequação da legislação privada aos direitos fundamentais, pois trata-se de um processo que importa modificações substantivas na forma de se conceber e encarar os principais conceitos do direito privado, fazendo-o alcançar o patamar de ciência cível constitucional.
A Responsabilização Juvenil nas práticas restaurativas: uma justiça que humaniza o processo
Authors: Tourinho Luciano De Oliveira Souza , Sotero Ana Paula Da Silva 
Published: January 2018

O presente estudo tem por objetivo explicitar o processo histórico de transformação do aparato normativo institucional de atenção à criança e ao adolescente no Brasil, com destaque para o contexto de grave violação de direitos humanos que permeia o sistema atual de responsabilização de adolescentes envolvidos com a prática de infrações, apontando para a introdução de práticas e procedimentos restaurativos no âmbito da justiça juvenil. Nesse contexto, a Justiça Restaurativa se apresenta como alternativa à pacificação de conflitos penais, notadamente após o advento da Resolução nº 125 do Conselho Nacional de Justiça, no cenário jurídico brasileiro. Construídos a partir de uma análise crítica do sistema punitivo, os métodos restaurativos propõem a edificação de uma justiça pautada na resolução dos conflitos, por meio da mitigação do seu efeito estigmatizador e excludente, do diálogo e do respeito aos direitos fundamentais, com a participação, quando conveniente e possível, da comunidade de próximos, promovendo-se o empoderamento dos envolvidos e a pacificação social. Diante dessa perspectiva, o presente estudo objetiva analisar a responsabilização juvenil a partir da construção de uma justiça que prime pelo respeito aos direitos humanos dos adolescentes. Para tanto, será utilizada uma abordagem histórico-dialética, por meio da pesquisa bibliográfica, tendo como fundamento a construção de uma reflexão crítica do tema. Ademais, serão analisados projetos de Justiça Restaurativa já implantados no Brasil, verificando, de forma qualitativa, a aplicabilidade das práticas restaurativas para a efetiva justiça penal juvenil no Estado Democrático de Direito.
O direito ao desenvolvimento de um projeto de vida na jurisprudência da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos e a educação como elemento indispensável
Authors: Hachem Daniel Wunder , Bonat Alan 
Published: January 2018

A jurisprudência da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos reconheceu a existência do direito à criação e ao desenvolvimento de um projeto de vida, segundo o qual cada indivíduo deve ter assegurada a sua autonomia para realizar escolhas sobre quais caminhos irá seguir para se realizar existencialmente. A imposição de obstáculos a essa liberdade por parte do Estado, mediante ações que privem o indivíduo de desenvolver livremente sua personalidade e gerem graves prejuízos à persecução do seu projeto de vida, ocasiona o que a Corte chamou de “danos ao projeto de vida”, passíveis de ensejar o dever estatal de repará-los. A proposta defendida no artigo é a de que, além de uma dimensão defensiva (ou negativa), de proibir os Estados de privar o indivíduo de suas liberdades, arruinando o seu projeto de vida, o direito em questão possui uma faceta prestacional (ou positiva): incumbe também aos Poderes Públicos o fornecimento de condições materiais para que cada pessoa possa exercer livremente as escolhas que considera mais aptas ao alcance de seus objetivos existenciais. Entre essas condições, destaca-se a educação como elemento indispensável para que o sujeito possa ser plenamente autônomo e gozar da capacidade de tomar decisões a respeito de sua vida e agir de forma efetivamente livre. O estudo analisa a proteção jurídica do direito à educação nos sistemas global e interamericano de direitos humanos, bem como no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, concluindo com um diagnóstico dos desafios à implementação do direito à educação no Brasil.
Modelling and estimation of health-related quality of life after hip fracture
Authors: Parsons N. , Griffin X. L. , Achten J. , Chesser T. J. , Lamb S. E. , Costa M. L. 
Published: January 2018

ObjectivesThis study investigates the reporting of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients following hip fracture. We compare the relative merits and make recommendations for the use for two methods of measuring HRQoL; (i) including patients who died during follow-up and (ii) including survivors only.MethodsThe World Hip Trauma Evaluation has previously reported changes in HRQoL using EuroQol-5D for patients with hip fractures. We performed additional analysis to investigate the effect of including or excluding those patients who died during the first four months of the follow-up period.ResultsThe dataset included 503 patients, 25 of whom died between 30 days and four months of injury. There was a statistically significant difference in 30-day HRQoL between those alive (mean 0.331 and standard deviation (SD) 0.360) and those dead (mean 0.156 and SD 0.421) by four months (independent-samples t-test; p 0.022). The estimated difference of 0.175 in HRQoL (95% confidence interval 0.025 to 0.325) was also highly clinically significant.ConclusionWhen reporting HRQoL for patients after a hip fracture, excluding patients who die during follow-up leads to an overestimate of the effects of the intervention or treatment pathway. We would recommend that death-adjusted estimates should be used routinely when reporting HRQoL in this population. Cite this article: N. Parsons, X. L. Griffin, J. Achten, T. J. Chesser, S. E. Lamb, M. L. Costa. Modelling and estimation of health-related quality of life after hip fracture: A re-analysis of data from a prospective cohort study. Bone Joint Res 2018;7:1–5.
Analysis of Four Phase Interleaved Boost Converter
Authors: Kaščák Slavomír , Praženica Michal , Jarabincová Miriam , Koňarik Roman 
Published: January 2018

This paper deals with analysis of the four phase interleaved DC-DC converter for higher power application. The interleaved topology is widely used due to its advantage as lower input current ripple which means volume reduction of the input capacitor. The current ripple equation of an input current for the boost operation mode and the ripple current in the individual phase of the interleaved converter using uncoupled inductor are shown. The theoretical equations are supplemented by the simulation results using the Spice simulator and by measurement on the interleaved converter.
Scaffolding students in non-routine problem solving environment: The case of two mathematics teachers<p>Rutin olmayan problem çözme sürecinde öğrencilerin desteklenmesi: İki matematik öğretmeninin durumu
Authors: Erdoğan Abdulkadir , Özdemir Erdoğan Emel 
Published: January 2018

The task of the teacher in designing learning environments and in guiding students throughout learning activities can be generally defined as scaffolding. Most of the students have difficulties in solving non-routine problems and cannot effectively use problem solving strategies. In this study, scaffoldings offered by the teachers for solving non-routine problems were examined using scaffolding techniques determined by Roehler and Cantlon (1997). Two mathematics teachers were participated in the study and the data were collected in an optional mathematics course for sixth graders via video-record of the teachers’ discourses on the solution of a same non-routine problem. The data were analysed using content analysis technique. The results showed that teachers intervened intensively in terms of scaffolding and the aims of these interventions mostly consisted of focusing students’ attention on the task and its accomplishment; while students centred techniques were less utilized. The results also showed that, although the scaffoldings provided by the teachers vary according to the way chosen for introducing the problem, they provided a dynamic and multi-dimensional scaffolding instead of adopting a fixed and unidimensional scaffolding. Extended English abstract is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.ÖzetÖğretmenin hedeflenen öğrenmelerin gerçekleşmesi için öğrenme ortamlarını oluşturması ve öğrencilerin çalışmalarına rehberlik etmesi en genel anlamda öğrenme desteği veya kısaca destek olarak tanımlanabilir. Bu çalışmada öğrencilerin önemli güçlükler yaşadıkları, problem çözme stratejilerini etkin ve uygun biçimde kullanamadıkları rutin olmayan problemlerin çözümü için öğretmenlerin sınıf ortamında verdikleri destekler Roehler ve Cantlon (1997) tarafından belirlenen destek türleri çerçevesinde incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın verileri iki matematik öğretmeninin 6. sınıf matematik uygulamaları dersi kapsamında aynı rutin olmayan matematik probleminin öğrenciler tarafından çözümü sırasındaki eylem ve söylemlerinin kaydedilmesi ile toplanmıştır. Veriler içerik analizi ile çözümlenmiştir. Çalışmanın bulguları, öğretmenlerin yoğun bir destek verme eğiliminde olduklarını, öğrencilerin problemin çözümüne ulaşmalarını ve görevden kopmamalarını sağlayacak destek türlerini daha ağırlıklı olarak kullandıklarını ve öğrenciyi sürecin merkezine oturtan destek türlerine daha az yer verdiklerini göstermektedir. Bulgular diğer yandan öğretmenlerin desteğinin problemin tanıtılması için seçilen yaklaşıma bağlı olarak değiştiğini ve öğretmenlerin sabit ve tek yönlü bir destek yerine çok yönlü ve dinamik bir destek yaklaşımı benimsediklerini göstermektedir.
Perancangan Sistem Pemantauan Gas dan Peringatan pada Ruangan melalui Jaringan Nirkabel
Authors: Bhasworo Gunawan Kunto , Rofii Faqih , Hunaini Fachrudin 
Published: January 2018

Udara adalah suatu campuran gas yang terdapat pada lapisan yang mengelilingi bumi. Gas CO merupakan salah satu gas yang mengandung zat yang tidak baik yang tidak dapat ditangkap oleh panca indera, gas tersebut bersifat membunuh makhluk hidup termasuk manusia. Hidrogen sulfida (H2S) adalah gas yang tidak berwarna, beracun, mudah terbakar dan berbau seperti telur busuk. . Konsentrasi H2S dalam jumlah yang rendah, dapat membahayakan keselamatan manusia. Dalam konsentrasi 100 PPM dapat menyebabkan kematian dalam waktu 2-5 menit. Tidak kalah berbahayanya adalah hydrocarbon gas exploison atau ledakan yang diakibatkan kebocoran LPG (metana) pada ruang tertutup. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan mengimplementasikan sebuah sistem pemantau gas dan peringatan pada ruangan melalui jaringan nirkabel. Dengan menggabungkan PC (Personal Computer), Arduino, Arduino Wifi shield, Router, LCD (Liquid Crystal Display), Buzzer serta sensor gas TGS 2620 dan 2602 serta 2442 yang merupakan sensor-sensor dengan sensitivitas yang tinggi terhadap gas LPG (metana) dan H2S serta CO dengan konsumsi daya rendah. Di peroleh sistem pemantau gas dan peringatan pada ruangan melalui jaringan nirkabel yang dapat mendeteksi dan memberikan peringatan apabila ada gas-gas berbahaya CO, H2S dan LPG (metana)
Jaký efekt mají klimatické kampaně? Využití metodiky pro hodnocení dopadu klimatických kampaní
Authors: Urban Jan , Chabada Tomáš , Skalík Jan 
Published: January 2018

Cílem tohoto textu je přiblížit cíle a využití Metodiky pro hodnocení dopadů klimatických kampaní. Tato Metodika stanovuje rámec pro provádění hodnotících studií, které se zaměřují na hodnocení kauzálního dopadu klimatických kampaní na změnu individuálního mitigačního nebo adaptačního chování, anebo jeho motivačních faktorů (např. postojů, znalostí a představ). Hodnocení kauzálních dopadů vychází z rámce potenciálních výsledků (Rubin, 1974) a je postaveno na kvantitativních experimentálních a kvazi-experimentálních přístupech. Tato Metodika by měla usnadnit vyhodnocování efektů klimatických kampaní a měla by umožnit akumulaci poznatků o efektech různých typů intervencí. Využívání Metodiky při realizaci a hodnocení kampaní by mělo přispět nejen ke zvýšení efektů realizovaných kampaní a tím ke zvýšení efektivity vynaložených prostředků na klimatické kampaně, ale mělo by také zvýšit důvěru donorů a širší veřejnosti v to, že klimatické kampaně jsou efektivními nástroji klimatické politiky. V neposlední řadě by představovaná Metodika měla také usnadnit výměnu informací mezi výzkumníky, kteří se zabývají dopady kampaní, ale často nemají možnost získat informace z reálných kampaní a realizátory kampaní, kterým zase často chybí prostředky pro vyhodnocení dopadů kampaní.
Traditional Wisdom of Adat Law Baduy Community In Farming System In Kanekes Village, Leuwihdamar Lebak Banten
Authors: Sodikin Sodikin 
Published: January 2018

Baduy community, tradition laws were a genealogical community with the type of lineage according to the male line (patrilineal). They believed in a descent or the same origin through the teachings of Sunda Wiwitan religion. The teachings of Sunda Wiwitan were the basis or guidance in their life. In terms of farming that they did was a mandate it religion that they professed or believed. Environmental wisdom in terms of farming with the system of shifting cultivation or dry rice (huma) was a mandate of the teachings of its religion. Masyarakat hukum adat Baduy merupakan komunitas masyarakat yang bersifat geneologis dengan tipe pertalian keturunan menurut garis laki-laki (patrilineal). Mereka mempercayai satu keturunan atau asal usul yang sama melalui ajaran agama Sunda Wiwitan. Ajaran agama Sunda Wiwitan ini merupakan dasar atau pedoman dalam kehidupan masyarakatnya. Dalam hal bercocok tanam yang mereka jalankan merupakan amanat agama Sunda Wiwitan yang mereka anut atau percayai. Kearifan lingkungan dalam hal bercocok tanam dengan sistem ladang berpindah atau sawah kering (huma) adalah amanah dari ajaran agama Sunda Wiwitan. DOI: 10.15408/jch.v5i1.5398
Online Tobacco Marketing and Subsequent Tobacco Use
Authors: Soneji Samir , Yang JaeWon , Knutzen Kristin E. , Moran Meghan Bridgid , Tan Andy S.L. , Sargent James , Choi Kelvin 
Published: January 2018

BACKGROUND:Nearly 2.9 million US adolescents engaged with online tobacco marketing in 2013 to 2014. We assess whether engagement is a risk factor for tobacco use initiation, increased frequency of use, progression to poly-product use, and cessation.METHODS:We analyzed data from 11 996 adolescents sampled in the nationally representative, longitudinal Population Assessment for Tobacco and Health study. At baseline (2013–2014), we ascertained respondents’ engagement with online tobacco marketing. At follow-up (2014–2015), we determined if respondents had initiated tobacco use, increased frequency of use, progressed to poly-product use, or quit. Accounting for known risk factors, we fit a multivariable logistic regression model among never-users who engaged at baseline to predict initiation at follow-up. We fit similar models to predict increased frequency of use, progression to poly-product use, and cessation.RESULTS:Compared with adolescents who did not engage, those who engaged reported higher incidences of initiation (19.5% vs 11.9%), increased frequency of use (10.3% vs 4.4%), and progression to poly-product use (5.8% vs 2.4%), and lower incidence of cessation at follow-up (16.1% vs 21.5%). Accounting for other risk factors, engagement was positively associated with initiation (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.26; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–1.57), increased frequency of use (aOR = 1.58; 95% CI: 1.24–2.00), progression to poly-product use (aOR = 1.70; 95% CI: 1.20–2.43), and negatively associated with cessation (aOR = 0.71; 95% CI: 0.50–1.00).CONCLUSIONS:Engagement with online tobacco marketing represents a risk factor for adolescent tobacco use. FDA marketing regulation and cooperation of social-networking sites could limit engagement.
Contribuciones de las escalas en salud como herramientas que influencian decisiones en el cuidado de los pacientes
Authors: Rodríguez Acelas Alba Luz , Cañon Montañez Wilson 
Published: January 2018

A lo largo del tiempo, es posible encontrar un incremento de escalas o también llamados instrumentos o cuestionarios en el ámbito de la salud, representando una gran contribución a las áreas de investigación, educación y práctica, así como a los ámbitos de gestión y extensión, una vez que tienen una participación importante en los diferentes escenarios.Se estima que el desarrollo de nuevas escalas depende de la búsqueda constante de evidencias que ayudan en la toma de decisión al profesional, por tanto, es considerado un tema actual de discusión por parte de investigadores que hacen uso de la Práctica Basada en Evidencias.Asimismo, al tiempo que el conocimiento científico y las nuevas técnicas de tratamiento y diagnóstico evolucionan, se va generando un incremento en la insatisfacción de los pacientes en relación a los cuidados de salud, pareciendo apuntar la dificultad en volver armoniosa la relación entre el progreso científico y la priorización del ser humano en lo que concierne a los cuidados con base en las tecnologías, dado que existe una amplia discusión sobre las tecnologías relacionadas al sector salud, siendo que el uso de escalas es considerado en la literatura como una tecnología ligera-dura que engloba los conocimientos de una forma más estructurada.Cómo citar este artículo: Rodríguez-Acelas AL, Cañon-Montañez W. Contribuciones de las escalas en salud como herramientas que influencian decisiones en el cuidado de los pacientes. Rev Cuid. 2018; 9(1): 1949-60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v9i1.498
Discursos y prácticas alrededor de la muerte. Reflexiones al hilo de 40 años de historiografía moderna en España
Authors: Pascua M.ª José de la 
Published: January 2018

RESUMENEn este estudio se realiza un estado de la cuestión de la producción española sobre la historia de la muerte reflexionando acerca de sus modelos historiográficos y metodológicos, la orientación de sus objetivos y su ubicación en un eje histórico básico: las coordenadas tiempo y espacio. Más que un recorrido exhaustivo por autores y trabajos que pudiera sugerir un tema agotado, se plantea la necesidad de incorporar la perspectiva individual en el análisis de la vivencia histórica de la muerte y la utilización integral de la fuente testamentaria valorando su condición de documento personal, cuya inclusión permitiría una aproximación al tema más compleja y matizada.PALABRAS CLAVEActitudes y discursos ante la muerte, historia de la muerte, siglos XVI, XVII y XVIII, historiografía española, historia de las mentalidades, historia moderna. TITLEDiscourses and practices around death. Reflections about 40 years of modern historiography in SpainABSTRACTIn this study I discuss the matter of Spanish works about the history of death, reflecting on its historiographies and methodological models, the orientation of its aims and its location on a basic historical axis: the time-space axis. More than an exhaustive study of authors and works that might lead one to think about an over discussed topic, I bring to attention the need to incorporate individual perspective in the analysis of the experience of death and the integral use of the testamentary source, acknowledging its condition as a personal document, the recognition of which allows an approach to a most complex and nuanced subject.KEY WORDSAttitudes and Discourses to Death; History of Death; XVI, XVII and XVIII Centuries; Spanish Historiographic; Cultural History; Early Modern History.
Los Estatutos de la Real Sociedad Económica Matritense de Amigos del País de 1775 y sus intentos de reforma (1775-1808)
Authors: Martín-Valdepeñas Yagüe Elisa 
Published: January 2018

RESUMENLa Real Sociedad Económica Matritense de Amigos del País se rigió durante cuarenta años por los estatutos fundacionales aprobados por el rey Carlos III en 1775. Hasta 1808 hubo diversos intentos de reforma integrales que no prosperaron, como el proyecto de estatutos de 1800. La propia dinámica de funcionamiento de la Sociedad puso en evidencia, con el paso del tiempo, aspectos importantes de su gobierno interior que las normas fundacionales no habían previsto, como las elecciones y el sistema de admisión de socios. La Sociedad pudo resolver algunos problemas de funcionamiento gracias a la reforma parcial de sus normas fundacionales.PALABRAS CLAVEReal Sociedad Económica Matritense de Amigos del País, Ilustración, Carlos III, Carlos IV, Estatutos de 1775. TITLEThe Statutes of the Royal Economic Society of Madrid and its reform efforts (1775-1808)ABSTRACTThe Royal Economic Society of Madrid was governed for forty years by the founding statutes that were approved by King Carlos III in 1775. There were several attempts at comprehensive reform, such as the draft rules of 1800, which did not succeed until 1808. The very working dynamics of the Society revealed during this time some key aspects of its governance that the statutes had not foreseen, such as elections and the admission of members. The Society was able to resolve some organizational problems due to the partial reform of its founding rules.KEY WORDSRoyal Economic Society of Madrid, Enlightenment, King Charles III of Spain, King Charles IV of Spain, Statutes of 1775.