bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wie attraktiv ist die Peripherie für Führungskräfte?
Authors: Rohr-Zänker Ruth 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Peripheral and economically lagging regions are short of an adequate supply of human capital and know-how. In order to make the best use of their endogenous potential they have to be able to attract highly qualified workers from other regions. This dependency poses considerable problems; for ambitious individuals central regions are more attractive because they off er a variety of job opportunities and better career perspectives. The findings presented in this paper indicate that, as long as the Jobs offered are attractive on a national scale, there is a higher number of managers and Professionals who are willing to migrate into peripheral regions. It is the job and hardly the region that motivates a move. However, the role of culture as a location factor should not to be neglected and may even increase since interests of family members have become more important in the decision making process.
Was bleibt in der „Region“?
Authors: Bätzing Werner , Ermann Ulrich 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Using the example of the district of Neumarkt (Bavaria) the different kinds of Channels of distribution and value chains existing for specific agricultural products were investigated. Only an insignificant amount of these products remains “within the region”. This has to be attributed to the fact that there are hardly any companies carrying out primary processing remaining within the district. Nevertheless, there is promising potential for an intensification of regional circulation.
New Economic Geography und Neue regionale Wachstumstheorie aus wirtschaftsgeographischer Sicht
Authors: Sternberg Rolf 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The paper evaluates the New Economic Geography in the tradition of Paul Krugman and the new (regional) growth literature of Paul Romer and others of the last decade and discusses its importance for knowledge-based regional development as well as consequences for Economic Geography. Model specifications are presented and the implication for regional, i.e. subnational, growth are discussed. Although several of the new insights developed in these theories are not that new for economic geographers with basic skills in non-neoclassical economics, it is argued that regional development as a whole can profit from the current geographical turn in economics, of which the theories reviewed here are an indicator.
The Learning Region: A Fuzzy Concept or a Sound Theoretical Basis for Modern Regional Innovation Policies?
Authors: Hassink Robert 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Recently the concept of learning has become very fashionable among academics from different economic disciplines. Economic geographers and spatial planners joined this fashion by increasingly speaking about the learning region. However, they attach different meanings to the concept. This points in the direction of what Markusen recently coined as fuzzy concepts. Fuzzy concepts are characterised by both lacking conceptual clarity, rigour in the presentation of evi dence and clear methodology, difficulties to operationalise and lacking policy relevance. This paper makes clear that the learning region can be considered as a fuzzy concept, when it comes to most of the above-mentioned characteristics. At the same time, however, the concept has a very strong policy relevance, increasingly empirical evidence and it provides new insights in path dependency and thus in unravelling the distinction between ‘good’ and ‘bad’ industrial agglomerations. Provided that economic geographers will work hard on improving its conceptual clarity, methodology and rigour in the presentation of evidence, the concept clearly has the potential to become a sound theoretical basis for modern regional innovation policies.
Reorganisation metropolitaner Wissenssysteme im Spannungsfeld zwischen lokalen und nicht-lokalen Anstrengungen
Authors: Schamp Eike W. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
It is generally assumed that cities are focal points or hubs in processes of knowledge generation and diffusion, and, consequently, centres of regional innovation Systems. This paper questions the importance of local influences in current reorganisation processes of regional knowledge Systems by making use of the triplehelix concept on innovation processes. Using the example of four knowledge Systems in the major economic clusters of the region Frankfurt/Rhein- Main - i.e. chemical industries, automobile manufacturing, biotechnology and finance -, it is concluded that the specialisation process taking place among German metropolitan regions and the emergence of Frankfurt as a hub for market access is driven mainly by non-local forces.
Systeme bäuerlicher Wald- und Agroforstwirtschaft in Zentralamerika als potenziell nachhaltige Landnutzungsformen
Authors: Kapp Gerald 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Agroforestry and small scale farm forestry systems in Central America as forms of a potentially sustainable land use: Extended deforestation has caused severe ecological and wood supply problems in Central America. Examples of natural forest management, plantation forestry, tree lines, live fences, shade trees for cocoa and coffee and silvopastoral systems are presented from Costa Rica and Panama. Information and data highlight the important economical and ecological functions of timber trees as an integral part of farm economies as well as the presently wide and growing use of such trees
Möglichkeiten und Probleme von Waldbewirtschaftung und Aufforstung in der Feuchtwaldzone der Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Mund Jan Peter , Doevenspeck Martin 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Chances and problems of forest management and afforestation in the humid forest zone of the Ivory Coast: Far-reaching changes in the forestry legislation since 1994 force the timber companies in the Ivory Coast to carry out afforestation measures for and with the local population in their concession areas. By the example of one of the first pilot projects the authors analyse the execution of reforestation at a village level. From the view of pedology they discuss the restrictions of possible afforestation measures in the adjacent areas of a national park
Traditionelle und moderne Formen kleinbäuerlicher Waldrandbewirtschaftung in den Regenwäldern Sumatras
Authors: Scholz Ulrich 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Traditional and modern utilization of rainforest margins by smallholders in Sumatra (Indonesia). For generations the margins of rainforests in Sumatra served as an important resource for the local farmers. However, during the last century the utilization of these areas changed fundamentally. With the spread of commercialization of agriculture shifting cultivation was more and more replaced by the cultivation of cash crops, particularly rubber and coffee. In addition to these significant economic and social changes, the process has also had remarkable ecological impacts. All in all the now practiced modern forms of land use by smallholders in the forest margins of Sumatra did not only improve the living standard of the local people but also had quite positive impacts on the natural environment.
Bewirtschaftung von tropischen Sekundärwäldern
Authors: Schmidt-Vogt Dietrich 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Management of secondary tropical forests: a new perspective for sustainable use of forests in Asia. The decline of primary forests in the tropics is leading to a reassessment of the role secondary forests might play within the context of tropical forest management. Recent research has shown that secondary forests in the tropics can be both rich in species and complex in terms of stand structure. There is, moreover, a growing recognition of the importance of secondary forests for traditional subsistence economies in the tropics and of their economic potential for land use systems in the future. Management of secondary forests in Asia as an alternative to the extraction of timber from primary forests but also as one among other options to intensify traditional land use systems has a potential for the future especially because of the existence of vast tracts of valuable secondary forest cover, and because of the store of traditional knowledge that can still be found in tropical Asia.
India-Brazil-South Africa (IBSA) – a new geography of trade and technology cooperation?
Authors: Chevallier Romy , Drachenfels Christian von , Stamm Andreas 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The India-Brazil-South Africa (IBSA) Dialogue Forum, was established in 2003, as a political alliance of three likeminded, democratic, developing countries in order to counterbalance the traditional North-South power asymmetry. The vision of the political leaders, however, goes beyond a lose political union, and aspires South-South cooperation in trade, science and technology. The paper explores what the available evidence suggests regarding the possible depth and outreach of the project.
China – growth engine or obstacle for Asian developing economies?
Authors: Humphrey John , Schmitz Hubert 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Over the last 30 years, changes in the East and Southeast Asian region have been fast and deep. China is the growth engine of a new regional production system which in turn has provoked changes in many other parts of the world. For its own fast growth, China has relied heavily on importing intermediate products from neighbouring countries, but this is changing with China now producing more of its own inputs and occupying also the more skill intensive parts of the value chain. Some countries in the region trade relatively little with China, but the trade itself may undermine long-term growth prospects. The paper analyses these trade impacts, distinguishing between groups of countries and products. It shows that China’s growth augments opportunities for some but pulls others into a race to the bottom.
Competencies in subsidiaries of multinational companies
Authors: Fuchs Martina , Winter Johannes 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
In order to better understand the competitiveness of companies and with this their surrounding regions, economic geographers focus on competencies in manufacturing companies. This paper discusses the major and minor driving forces, preconditions and constraints for transferring tasks from headquarters to the foreign plant. Subsidiaries of international automotive supply companies in Poland are used as case studies, offering insights into different types of competencies assigned from headquarters to the subsidiary
The world’s factory and informal ties – organisation of firm networks in the electronics industry in the Greater Pearl River Delta, China
Authors: Meyer Susanne 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Institutional transition in countries such as China is expected to go hand in hand with the formalisation of interactional behaviour in firm networks. Recently, however, a different string of arguments has entered the academic discussion emphasising the limited extent of the formalisation of firms’ behaviour despite the institutional transition being complete. The aim of this paper is to show conceptually and empirically that a balance of formal and informal interactions is considered optimal for firms due to economic opportunities resulting from informality. The Greater Pearl River Delta (PRD), where Hong Kong (HK) firms act as cross-border intermediates between global customers and Chinese producers, serves as an example for studying the degree of informality applied when operating in two distinct institutional settings. A survey of electronics firms in HK investigates the way in which firms organise their contacting and selecting as well as their contracting processes when approaching global customers and Chinese producers. The findings show (1) that the degree of informality is greater when interacting with producers in the PRD due to the incompleteness of the institutional setting, but (2) that when acting with global customers, the behaviour of firms is only formalised to a certain extent. Informal interaction also serves as an opportunity for firms and is strategically used in an innovative organisational and management processes.
Firm characteristics and informal governance of business operations in the Pearl River Delta, China
Authors: Bickenbach Frank , Liu Wan-Hsin 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
This paper describes the Chinese economic and institutional reform process as a gradual transition of an informal, relation-based governance system into a more formal and rule-based governance system. The consequences of macro-level institutional reforms on the importance of personal relationships for the firm-level governance of business operations are discussed. Theoretical considerations suggest that in a transition economy such as China companies’ incentives to reduce the reliance on personal relationships should depend on firm characteristics such as the age, size and the internationalization of the firm. We confront these suppositions with empirical data obtained from a company survey performed among 222 companies in the electronics industry operating in the Pearl River Delta, China. From this we obtain some, though often weak, evidence in favor of the suppositions.
Governance of creative industries
Authors: Lange Bastian , Streit Anne von 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The increasing acceptance of creative industries as a sphere of socio-economic activity gives rise to the question how this sector can be promoted appropriately. This paper comprises a theoretical discussion and an empirical analysis of different modes of governance at two contrasting locations in Germany, taking the example of the software/games industry sector. Specifically, we shall look both at formal and informal mechanisms of coordination. We explore to what extent the existing political-administrative support structures at the two selected locations are adapted appropriately to the internal organisation and the special characteristics of these sectors. Our results point to the difficulties in designing market-specific and location-specific strategies aimed at different environments. Finally, this paper aims to contribute to the understanding of how traditional political institutions can further adapt to the demand for more flexible governance, such as is needed by the creative industries.
From sacred cow to cash cow: The shifting political ecologies of protected areas in Russia
Authors: Müller Martin 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
How have political and economic processes in Russia impacted protected areas? When first conceived in 1916, protected areas in Russia were considered as sancta of nature. In post-Soviet times, however, the fortunes of protected areas have undergone swift change: from a period of liberalisation and a conservation bonanza in the 1990s to increasing exploitation in the 2000s and commodification in the 2010s. Against the historical background of the Soviet period, this contribution traces reserves’ trajectory from sacred cows to cash cows. It concludes that the neoliberal impetus of introducing market principles into conservation is in danger of going off course in Russia: instead of making the market work for conservation, it makes conservation work for the market.
Geographies of field-configuring events
Authors: Lange Bastian , Power Dominic , Suwala Lech 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
This paper treats the concept of ‘field-configuring events’ (FCE) and relates it to economic geographical research. The FCE approach attempts to draw attention to the role of events in fields of economic and social action and suggests that events can be important to introducing, structuring, maintaining and configuring new products, industrial standards, cultural artefacts and knowledge categories. The FCE approach has primarily been used to study the actors and networks associated with events such as trade shows, professional gatherings, technology contests, cultural tournaments, industrial exhibitions and business ceremonies: events where actors assemble to reveal novel products, develop industry designs, initiate cultural trends, create social networks, and allocate meaning to previously unfamiliar circumstances. In this introductory paper, we identify the main research trajectories in FCE and link these to economic geography by identifying some common lines of thinking apparent in economic geography, management and organisational studies. The paper moves on to investigate the nature of the “field”, “configuration” and “events” from a geographic perspective, and to emphasize the role that space and power play as a structuring mechanisms in all three. We conclude that the FCE approach can function as a useful tool for geographical analysis of the increasing fluid and episodic contours of the contemporary space economy.
Understanding the Formation Mechanism of Two-Dimensional Atomic Islands on Crystal Surfaces by the Condensing Potential Model
Authors: Yin Cong , Lin Zheng-Zhe , Li Min , Tang Hao 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
A condensing potential (CP) model was established for predicting the geometric structure of two-dimensional (2D) atomic islands on crystal surfaces. To further verify the CP model, statistical molecular dynamics simulations are performed to investigate the trapping adatom process of atomic island steps on Pt (111). According to the detailed analysis on the adatom trapping process, the CP model should be a universal theory to understand the shape of the 2D atomic islands on crystal surfaces.
Synergistic inhibitory effect of scopoletin and bisdemethoxycurcumin on Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval) (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Authors: Zhang Yong-qiang , Yang Zhen-guo , Ding Wei , Luo Jin-Xiang 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the synergistic activity of scopoletin and bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC) against the carmine spider mite Tetranychus cinnabarinus. The acaricidal activities of mixtures of scopoletin and BDMC against T. cinnabarinus female adults were measured via slide dipping and leaf disc dipping. A mathematical model was established by SPSS software. Bioassays for multiple effects including contact, ovicidal, cowpea root intake, repellency and oviposition inhibitory activity were carried out. The optimal mass ratio of the mixture of scopoletin and BDMC (at their respective LC50), the median lethal concentration (LC50) and the co-toxicity coefficient were 7:6, 0.19 mg/mL and 129, respectively. LC50 values of contact activities of the mixture at optimal ratio against adults, nymphs, larvae, and eggs were 0.19, 0.18, 0.06, and 1.52 mg/mL, respectively. LC50 values of cowpea root intake activity against adults and nymphs were 5.62 and 6.52 mg/mL, respectively. The highest repellent rates against adults and nymphs were 69.5% and 72.5%, respectively. The mixture of scopoletin and BDMC at the optimal mass ratio possessed strong acaricidal activity against T. cinnabarinus at various developmental stages.
Theorists and Techniques: Connecting Education Theories to Lamaze Teaching Techniques
Authors: Podgurski Mary Jo 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTShould childbirth educators connect education theory to technique? Is there more to learning about theorists than memorizing facts for an assessment? Are childbirth educators uniquely poised to glean wisdom from theorists and enhance their classes with interactive techniques inspiring participant knowledge and empowerment? Yes, yes, and yes. This article will explore how an awareness of education theory can enhance retention of material through interactive learning techniques. Lamaze International childbirth classes already prepare participants for the childbearing year by using positive group dynamics; theory will empower childbirth educators to address education through well-studied avenues. Childbirth educators can provide evidence-based learning techniques in their classes and create true behavioral change.
Team-Oriented Leadership and Auditors' Willingness to Raise Audit Issues
Authors: Nelson Mark W. , Proell Chad A. , Randel Amy E. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
This paper reports five studies examining audit team members' willingness to raise audit issues. The first study is a survey of interacting audit teams that provides evidence that team members are more willing to speak up when they view their leader as team-oriented (i.e., emphasizing team success as opposed to the leader's own personal advancement). Experiments 1–3 provide converging evidence that audit seniors are more willing to speak up to a team-oriented leader and about issues that are aligned with that leader's concerns. Experiment 4 provides evidence that the effect of team-oriented leadership on willingness to speak up is mediated by team members' commitment to the team leader and, to a lesser extent, by their identification with their team, but not by concerns about the immediate or eventual repercussions of speaking up. Together, these studies provide evidence that auditors' willingness to raise audit issues is affected by what the auditor has to say and how they think their message will be received, potentially affecting audit effectiveness and audit efficiency.
Data Availability: Contact the authors.
The Effects of Diclofenac and Ibuprofen on Heart Function and Oxidative Stress Markers in the Isolated Rat Heart
Authors: Jevdjevic Maja , Srejovic Ivan , Zivkovic Vladimir , Barudzic Nevena , Petkovic Anica , Bradic Jovana , Djuric Dragan , Jakovljevic Vladimir 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
Eicosanoids lead to the promotion of inflammation, cause fever and pain and have many other eff ects. NSAIDs block the action of cyclooxygenase (COX) during the process of converting arachidonic acid into inflammatory mediators, thus reducing the symptoms of inflammation. Investigations focusing on nonselective COX inhibitors, used in high doses, revealed harmful eff ects on myocardial function. Th e aim of our study was to assess the eff ects of two nonselective NSAIDs, diclofenac and ibuprofen, on cardiodynamic parameters, coronary flow and oxidative stress biomarkers in isolated rat hearts. Th e hearts of male Wistar albino rats were excised and retrogradely perfused according to the Langendorff technique at gradually increased coronary perfusion pressures (40-120 cm H2O). Th e experiments were performed under controlled conditions (Krebs-Henseleit physiological solution). Th e hearts were perfused with 10 μmol/l diclofenac and 10 μmol/l ibuprofen. Th e heart function parameters, including the maximum rate of pressure development (dp/dt max), minimum rate of pressure development (dp/dt min), systolic left ventricular pressure (SLVP), diastolic left ventricular pressure (DLVP), mean perfusion pressure (MBP) and heart rate (HR), were continuously registered. Coronary flow (CF) was measured flowmetrically. Oxidative stress markers, including the index of lipid peroxidation measured as TBARS, nitric oxide measured through nitrites (NO2 -), superoxide anion radical (O2 -), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the coronary venous effluent, were assessed spectrophotometrically. Our results showed that diclofenac aff ected cardiodynamic parameters more significantly than did ibuprofen. Furthermore, the present data indicate that both estimated COX inhibitors do not promote the production of reactive oxygen species.