bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Lawgiver as Novelist
Authors: Pearson Roger 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Chapters 8 and 9 examine Staël’s engagement with the novel as an effective medium for a new literature of thought and show how the novel in its turn became a vehicle for her new thinking about poetry. Following brief discussion of her earlier narratives and her views on fiction in general, this chapter analyses how in Delphine Staël presents the central love relationship as a conflict between ‘enthusiasm’ and ‘opinion’: on the one hand, a positive thinking characteristic of women and the Revolution that sets generosity and compassion above self and reputation; on the other, a deference to public opinion characteristic of men and the Ancien Régime. Within society as currently constituted, each proves destructive: the latter necessarily, the former because society is blind to its merits—a conclusion the reader is led to share through empathy with a heroine of artistic sensibility who is a gifted singer.
Poetry as Self-Legislation
Authors: Pearson Roger 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
This account of Staël’s enthusiasm concludes with a brief examination of Dix années d’exil, in which Italy and Germany are joined by Russia within the benign symbolic geography of Staël’s quasi-Napoleonic—and anti-Napoleonic—cultural incursions into foreign European countries. This is followed by a more general conclusion concerning Staël’s overall views on public freedom and private independence and on her lifelong conviction that change should not be imposed on individuals from above and without. Rather, individuals should be led from within—by writer-lawgivers—to seek change of their own volition. In pursuit of this programme of ‘self-legislation’, poetry can serve as the guardian and refuge of our spiritual selves, at once stimulating and preserving that state of enthusiasm in which we are all invested with a sense of universal harmony and a belief in the possibility of a heaven on earth.
Poets and Their Enemies
Authors: Pearson Roger 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
This chapter examines Stello (1832), Vigny’s prose work about the place of poets in society; his prose drama Chatterton (1834–5); and De Mademoiselle Sédaine et de la propriété littéraire (1841), one of a number of open letters he sent or drafted to parliamentary representatives about the law of copyright and the financial situation of writers. Common to all these texts is Vigny’s perception of a fundamental enmity between poets and society. Stello demonstrates how this enmity obtains whatever the prevailing system of government: those in power fear the alternative legislation of poetry. In the case of the English poet Chatterton such enmity manifests itself as a stand-off between capitalism and art. In some of these open letters Vigny compares poetry to an elixir: both the means to a quasi-alchemical transformation of human experience and a distillation that grants eternal youth to ideas as they are transmitted to posterity.
Evolutionary and Revolutionary Change in Path-Dependent Patterns of Action
Authors: Pentland Brian T. , Jung Eun Ju 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWhile routines are usually seen as a stabilizing aspect of the social world, recent history offers some examples of revolutionary change in areas where information and communication technologies are involved. Even when the technology stays the same, patterns of action can change and propagate very rapidly. This chapter builds on the evolutionary framework introduced by W. Brian Arthur (2009) to explain rapid, dramatic evolution of patterns of action. The framework emphasizes the importance of deliberate recombination, rather than random variation, as the primary engine of evolutionary change. The authors use this framework to help explain why some contexts may be subject to bursts of new routines, while others are relatively stable.
Relational Power, Personhood, and Organizations
Authors: Mesle C. Robert 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Power is usually conceived as unilateral, as the ability to affect without being affected. Instead, this chapter proposes that we conceive of power as relational. Relational power may be seen as including three elements: the ability to be actively and intentionally open to the world around us; the capacity to create ourselves out of relationships with others; and the ability to sustain internal relationships, to influence others by having first been influenced by them. The concept of relational power arises directly from the process relational vision of reality and personhood in contrast to the traditional concept of the world as composed of self-existent and unchanging substances. Organizations founded on unilateral power undermine full personhood and community, while organizations which embody relational power lead to richer lives and more creative relationships.
Impact of Telephone-Based Care Coordination on Use of Cessation Medications Posthospital Discharge: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Tague Caleb , Richter Kimber P. , Cox Lisa S. , Keighley John , Hutcheson Tresza , Fitzgerald Sharon A. , Ellerbeck Edward F. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract

Introduction:
Smokers benefit from ongoing cessation support upon leaving the hospital and returning to their home environment. This study examined the impact of telephone-delivered care coordination on utilization of and adherence to cessation pharmacotherapy after hospital discharge.

Methods:
Inpatient smokers (n = 606) were randomized to receive counseling with care coordination (CCC) or counseling alone (C) for smoking cessation. Both groups received written materials and telephone-based cessation counseling during hospitalization and postdischarge. CCC recipients received help in selecting, obtaining, and refilling affordable pharmacotherapy prescriptions during and after hospitalization. Study outcomes included self-reported utilization, duration of use, and type of medication during the 3 months postdischarge.

Results:
Of the 487 (80%) of participants completing 3-month follow-up, 211 (43.3%) reported using cessation pharmacotherapy postdischarge; this did not differ by study arm (CCC: 44.7%, C: 42.0%,p = .55). Use of pharmacotherapy postdischarge was associated with smoking at least 20 cigarettes/day at baseline (odds ratio [OR]: 1.48; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.00–2.19) and receipt of pharmacotherapy during hospitalization (OR: 4.00; 95% CI: 2.39–6.89). Smokers with Medicaid (OR: 2.29; 95% CI: 1.32–4.02) or other insurance (OR: 1.69; 95% CI: 1.01–2.86) were more likely to use pharmacotherapy postdischarge than those with no health care coverage. Less than one in four (23.8% of CCC; 22.2% of C) continued pharmacotherapy beyond 4 weeks.

Conclusions:
Supplemental care coordination did not improve use of postdischarge pharmacotherapy beyond that of inpatient treatment and behavioral counseling. Insurance coverage and use of medications during the hospitalization are associated with higher use of evidence-based treatment postdischarge.

Implications:
Many hospitalized smokers do not receive the benefits of cessation pharmacotherapy postdischarge and telephone quitline programs often fail to help smokers procure pharmacotherapy. Thus, effective strategies are needed to improve utilization and adherence to evidence-based cessation therapies when smokers leave the hospital. We found that use of postdischarge pharmacotherapy was strongly associated with receipt of pharmacotherapy during the hospitalization and with the availability of insurance to cover the costs of treatment. Additional efforts to coordinate pharmacotherapy services did not improve either utilization or adherence to therapy.
The Role of MRI in the Follow-up of Women Undergoing Breast-conserving Therapy
Authors: Shah Chirag , Ahlawat Stuti , Khan Atif , Tendulkar Rahul D. , Wazer David E. , Shah Shilpi S. , Vicini Frank 
Published: May 2016

Objectives:
Breast-conserving therapy (BCT) represents a standard of care in the management of breast cancer. However, unlike mastectomy, women treated with BCT require follow-up imaging of the treated breast as well as the contralateral breast as part of posttreatment surveillance. Traditionally, surveillance has consisted of clinical exams and mammograms. However, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has emerged as a breast imaging technique utilized as part of high-risk screening programs as well as part of the initial diagnosis and workup of women considered for BCT. At this time, the role of MRI as part of follow-up for women treated with BCT remains unclear.

Methods:
A systematic review was performed to evaluate the role of MRI following BCT.

Results:
Although there is no randomized evidence supporting the routine use of MRI in surveillance post-BCT, a review of the literature demonstrates that MRI (1) has increased sensitivity as compared with mammography to detect recurrences, and (2) can help evaluate mammographic abnormalities before biopsy and/or surgery.

Conclusions:
In patients with higher risk of local recurrence, surveillance with MRI may represent an effective surveillance strategy though subgroups benefiting have not been identified nor has the impact on quality of life and cost been evaluated.
Cosmetic Cleansing Oil Absorption by Soft Contact Lenses in Dry and Wet Conditions
Authors: Tsukiyama Junko , Miyamoto Yuko , Kodama Aya , Fukuda Masahiko , Shimomura Yoshikazu 
Published: May 2016

Objectives:
Previous reports showed that cosmetic cleansing oil for removing makeup, which contains mineral oil and surfactant, can deform some silicone hydrogel contact lenses (SHCLs) when applied directly to the lenses, although plasma-coated SHCLs (lotrafilcon A and B) were not affected. In the present study, we investigated hydrogel lenses and SHCLs in both wet and dry conditions.

Methods:
Several brands of hydrogel and SHCLs were immersed in a cleansing oil solution containing Sudan Black B for 5 min under wet and dry conditions. The lenses under the wet condition were simply picked up from the saline, whereas those under the dry condition were blotted with paper wipes. After immersing, the excess solution remaining on the lenses was removed by finger rubbing with a multipurpose solution. The lenses were then examined using a stereomicroscope, and their mean brightness was measured and compared.

Results:
The cosmetic cleansing oil was not absorbed by the hydrogel lenses under wet or dry conditions. However, four of seven brands of SHCLs absorbed the cosmetic cleansing oil under both conditions (dry and wet), whereas asmofilcon A absorbed it only under the dry condition. Lotrafilcon B and delefilcon A did not absorb cleansing oil even under the dry condition.

Conclusions:
Hydrogel lenses resist cosmetic cleansing oil. However, SHCLs have different degrees of resistance depending on the lens material. Some SHCLs absorbed cosmetic cleansing oil more under dry conditions than under wet conditions.
A Systematic Review of Tests Assessing Stroke Knowledge
Authors: Hou Wen-Hsuan , Hoffmann Tammy , Huang Yi-Jing , Wu Tzu-Yi , Chen Sheng-Shiung , Hsieh Ching-Lin 
Published: May 2016

Background:
Accurate assessment of stroke knowledge (SK) is fundamental to the successful understanding of, monitoring of, and intervening to improve the SK of patients and the public.

Purpose:
The purpose of this study is to perform a systematic review of the existing SK tests and appraise their conceptual basis, feasibility, and psychometric properties. We conducted 2-step searching of MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Scopus electronic databases from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2014, to identify relevant SK tests for the appraisal.

Results:
Our study found 59 SK tests, out of a total of 93 articles, with full content available that had been referred to in the published literature. Ten of them had been used in more than 1 study, and 2 (the Stroke Knowledge Test and the Stroke Action Test) of them have had at least 1 of their psychometric properties validated. Only 1 test (the Stroke Knowledge Test) was developed using rigorous methodology, covers a wide range of concepts, and met all feasibility criteria; however, its limitations include no articulated conceptual basis, inadequate internal consistency reliability (α = .65), and lack of some validated psychometric properties.

Conclusions:
Our study revealed that current available tools are not sufficiently able to accurately and reliably assess SK to promote stroke prevention and management.

Clinical Implications:
This study highlights the attention of applying current SK tests and need for revising existing tests or developing a new test.
Findings and Outcomes in a Prevaccination Cohort of Women Younger Than 25 Years Attending a Tertiary Colposcopy Service
Authors: Jayasinghe Yasmin L. , Bhat Rani , Quinn Michael , Wrede C. David H. , Tan Jeffrey H.J. 
Published: May 2016

Objective
To describe clinical presentation and treatment in women younger than 25 years referred to the Royal Women’s Hospital colposcopy clinic, before implementation of the National Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Program.

Methods
Retrospective cohort analysis of women younger than 25 years referred to a tertiary hospital colposcopy clinic between 1998 and 2007. Clinical presentation and correlation between cervical cytology, biopsy, and histology at treatment was examined.

Results
Approximately 14,635 colposcopies were undertaken in 4104 women (median age, 22 years); 3051 had abnormal referral cytology, of whom, 23.8% had high-grade disease on punch biopsy. High-grade disease was found in 15.1% of those with possible low-grade or low-grade cytology (293/1932), 42.4% of those with possible high-grade or high-grade cytology (474/1119). Sensitivity and specificity of colposcopy for high-grade disease (high-grade epithelial abnormality, adenocarcinoma in situ, cervical cancer up to 2 years follow-up) was 60.0% and 82.3%, respectively. Thirty-nine percent (n = 1180) with abnormal cytology had treatment, of which, 66.6% was ablative. Histological CIN3+ was found in 53.8% of those with a previous high-grade punch biopsy (126/234) at excisional treatment, and 23.0% of those with a previous low-grade punch biopsy (20/87) (relative risk, 2.3 [CI, 1.6–3.5]). Four cancers were detected (0.1% of the total cohort, 0.5% of those with a high-grade biopsy, and 1.7% of those with a high-grade biopsy who underwent excisional treatment.)

Conclusions
Before vaccination, young women experienced a high real-time burden of high-grade disease and high rates of intervention. These baseline data contribute to monitoring of HPV vaccination and revised cervical screening strategies.
Spatiotemporal structure of intracranial electric fields induced by transcranial electric stimulation in human and nonhuman primates
Authors: Opitz Alexander , Falchier Arnaud , Yan Chao-Gan , Yeagle Erin , Linn Gary , Megevand Pierre , Thielscher Axel , Milham Michael P. , Mehta Ashesh , Schroeder Charles 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTranscranial electric stimulation (TES) is an emerging technique, developed to non-invasively modulate brain function. However, the spatiotemporal distribution of the intracranial electric fields induced by TES remains poorly understood. In particular, it is unclear how much current actually reaches the brain, and how it distributes across the brain. Lack of this basic information precludes a firm mechanistic understanding of TES effects. In this study we directly measure the spatial and temporal characteristics of the electric field generated by TES using stereotactic EEG (s-EEG) electrode arrays implanted in cebus monkeys and surgical epilepsy patients. We found a small frequency dependent decrease (10%) in magnitudes of TES induced potentials and negligible phase shifts over space. Electric field strengths were strongest in superficial brain regions with maximum values of about 0.5 mV/mm. Our results provide crucial information for the interpretation of human TES studies and the optimization and design of TES stimulation protocols. In addition, our findings have broad implications concerning electric field propagation in non-invasive recording techniques such as EEG/MEG.
Genomic Prediction of Hybrid Combinations in the Early Stages of a Maize Hybrid Breeding Pipeline
Authors: Kadam D.C. , Potts S.M. , Bohn M.O. , Lipka A.E. , Lorenz A.J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPrediction of single-cross hybrid performance has been a major goal of plant breeders since the beginning of hybrid breeding. Genomic prediction has shown to be a promising approach, but only limited studies have examined the accuracy of predicting single cross performance. Most of the studies rather focused on predicting top cross performance using single tester to determine the inbred parent’s worth in hybrid combinations. Moreover, no studies have examined the potential of predicting single crosses made among random progenies derived from a series of biparental families, which resembles the structure of germplasm comprising the initial stages of a hybrid maize breeding pipeline. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of genomic prediction for identifying superior single crosses early in the breeding pipeline and optimize its application. To accomplish these objectives, we designed and analyzed a novel population of single-cross hybrids representing the Iowa Stiff Stalk Synthetic/Non-Stiff Stalk heterotic pattern commonly used in the development of North American commercial maize hybrids. The single cross prediction accuracies estimated using cross-validation ranged from 0.40 to 0.74 for grain yield, 0.68 to 0.91 for plant height and 0.54 to 0.94 for staygreen depending on the number of tested parents of the single crosses. The genomic estimated general and specific combining abilities showed a clear advantage over the use of genomic covariances among single crosses, especially when one or both parents of the single cross were untested in hybrid combinations. Overall, our results suggest that genomic prediction of the performance of single crosses made using random progenies from the early stages of the breeding pipeline holds great potential to re-design hybrid breeding and increase its efficiency.
A variant by any name: quantifying annotation discordance across tools and clinical databases
Authors: Yen Jennifer , Garcia Sarah , Montana Aldrin , Harris Jason , Chervitz Steven , West John , Chen Richard , Church Deanna M. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundClinical genomic testing is dependent on the robust identification and reporting of variant-level information in relation to disease. With the shift to high-throughput sequencing, a major challenge for clinical diagnostics is the cross-identification of variants called on their genomic position to resources that rely on transcript- or protein-based descriptions.MethodsWe evaluated the accuracy of three tools (SnpEff, Variant Effect Predictor and Variation Reporter) that generate transcript and protein-based variant nomenclature from genomic coordinates according to guidelines by the Human Genome Variation Society (HGVS). Our evaluation was based on comparisons to a manually curated list of 127 test variants of various types drawn from data sources, each with HGVS-compliant transcript and protein descriptors. We further evaluated the concordance between annotations generated by Snpeff and Variant Effect Predictor with those in major germline and cancer databases: ClinVar and COSMIC, respectively.ResultsWe find that there is substantial discordance between the annotation tools and databases in the description of insertion and/or deletions. Accuracy based on our ground truth set was between 80-90% for coding and 50-70% for protein variants, numbers that are not adequate for clinical reporting. Exact concordance for SNV syntax was over 99.5% between ClinVar and Variant Effect Predictor (VEP) and SnpEff, but less than 90% for non-SNV variants. For COSMIC, exact concordance for coding and protein SNVs were between 65 and 88%, and less than 15% for insertions. Across the tools and datasets, there was a wide range of equivalent expressions describing protein variants.ConclusionOur results reveal significant inconsistency in variant representation across tools and databases. These results highlight the urgent need for the adoption and adherence to uniform standards in variant annotation, with consistent reporting on the genomic reference, to enable accurate and efficient data-driven clinical care.
Retrieving chromatin patterns from deep sequencing data using correlation functions
Authors: Molitor Jana , Mallm Jan-Philipp , Rippe Karsten , Erdel Fabian 
Published: May 2016

AbstractEpigenetic modifications and other chromatin features partition the genome on multiple length scales. They define chromatin domains with distinct biological functions that come in sizes ranging from single modified DNA bases to several megabases in case of heterochromatic histone modifications. Due to chromatin folding, domains that are well separated along the linear nucleosome chain can form long-range interactions in three-dimensional space. It has now become a routine task to map epigenetic marks and chromatin structure by deep sequencing methods. However, assessing and comparing the properties of chromatin domains and their positional relationships across data sets withouta prioriassumptions remains challenging. Here, we introduce multi-scale correlation evaluation (MCORE), which uses the fluctuation spectrum of mapped sequencing reads to quantify and compare chromatin patterns over a broad range of length scales in a model-independent manner. We applied MCORE to map the chromatin landscape in mouse embryonic stem cells and differentiated neural cells. We integrated sequencing data from chromatin immunoprecipitation, RNA expression, DNA methylation and chromosome conformation capture experiments into network models that reflect the positional relationships among these features on different genomic scales. Furthermore, we used MCORE to compare our experimental data to models for heterochromatin reorganization during differentiation. The application of correlation functions to deep sequencing data complements current evaluation schemes and will support the development of quantitative descriptions of chromatin networks.