bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel reuterin‐related compounds suppress odour by periodontopathic bacteria
Authors: Fujiwara N , Murakami K , Nakao M , Toguchi M , Yumoto H , Amoh T , Hirota K , Matsuo T , Sano S , Ozaki K , Miyake Y 
Published: January 2017

ObjectiveHalitosis is caused by volatile sulphur compounds including methyl mercaptan (CH3SH) in the oral cavity and is a serious problem that limits interpersonal social communication. The aim of study was to evaluate the effects of reuterin‐related compounds (RRCs) on halitosis‐related periodontopathic bacteria in vitro.Materials and MethodsRRC‐01, RRC‐02 and RRC‐03 (32 and 64 μg ml−1) in culture media containing Fusobacterium nucleatum JCM8523 and Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC33277 were used. The effects of RRCs on CH3SH production and detectable odour by F. nucleatum and P. gingivalis were examined by CH3SH production assay and organoleptic test, respectively. The number of bacterial cells was also measured using an ATP assay. In P. gingivalis treated with RRCs, the expression of mgl gene, which is responsible for CH3SH production, was examined by qRT‐PCR.ResultsCH3SH production and the score of detectable odour from F. nucleatum and P. gingivalis culture media containing RRCs were significantly lower than that without RRCs (P < 0.05). The expression of mgl gene in P. gingivalis was significantly downregulated by RRC‐01 (P < 0.01), but not by RRC‐02 or RRC‐03.ConclusionsRRCs are potent oral care products for preventing halitosis via reducing CH3SH production.
Oral mucous membrane pemphigoid and pemphigus vulgaris—a retrospective two‐center cohort study
Authors: Sultan AS , Villa A , Saavedra AP , Treister NS , Woo S‐B 
Published: January 2017

ObjectivesFew studies have compared oral mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) and pemphigus vulgaris (PV). Descriptive analysis of oral features, extent of extra‐oral involvement, and management outcomes were performed.Subjects and MethodsPatients with PV and MMP, the latter with exclusive oral involvement at first presentation, were included.ResultsThere were 26 MMP (46%) and 31 PV (54%) patients. Desquamative gingivitis was evident in 84% of MMP cases compared to 28% of PV cases (P < 0.05). Non‐gingival lesions were noted in 6% of MMP cases compared to 55% of PV cases (P < 0.01). Management of MMP consisted of only topical corticosteroids in 88% of cases while 12% of cases required concomitant systemic therapy. All PV cases (100%) required systemic therapy. No patients with MMP developed scarring or ocular lesions, and one patient (4%) developed cutaneous lesions. Five PV cases (16%) had oral cavity involvement only with three (60%) developing pharyngeal involvement and two (40%) developing cutaneous lesions on follow‐up.ConclusionOral MMP presents primarily as desquamative gingivitis, infrequently involving extragingival sites, and is highly amenable to topical therapy, while PV is a systemic mucocutaneous disease with extensive non‐gingival oral lesions that almost always requires systemic therapy.
Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device‐Related Infection and Extraction Trends in the U.S.
Authors: SRIDHAR ARUN RAGHAV MAHANKALI , LAVU MADHAV , YARLAGADDA VIVEK , REDDY MADHU , GUNDA SAMPATH , AFZAL RIZWAN , ATKINS DONITA , GOPINATHANAIR RAKESH , DAWN BUDDHADEB , LAKKIREDDY DHANUNJAYA R. 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundImplantation of cardiac implanted electronic device (CIED) has surged lately. This resulted in a rise in cardiac device‐related infections (CDI) and inevitably, lead extractions. We examined the recent national trend in the incidence of CIED infections and lead extractions in hospitalized patients and associated mortality.MethodsUsing the Nationwide Inpatient Sample for the years 2003–2011 we identified patients diagnosed with a CDI‐associated infection as determined by discharge ICD‐9 diagnostic codes. We examined the trend of device‐related infections overall and in different subgroups. We studied mortality associated with device infections, lead extractions, associated costs, and length of stay.ResultsThere is a significant increase in the number of hospitalizations due to CDI from 5,308 in the year 2003 to 9,948 in 2011. Males (68%), Caucasians (77%), and age group 65–84 years (56.4%) accounted for majority of CDI. The mortality associated with CDI was 4.5 %, and was worse in higher age groups (2.5% in 18–44 years compared to 5.3% in 85+ years, P < 0.001). Average length of stay was unchanged over the years remaining at 13.6 days; however, mean hospitalization charges increased from $91,348 in 2003 to $173,211 in 2011 (P < 0.001). Among all lead extraction procedures, the percentage of patients undergoing lead extraction secondary to CDI also increased from 2003 (59.1%) to 2011 (76.7%), P‐value < 0.001.ConclusionsHealthcare burden associated with CDI infections and associated lead extractions has significantly increased in the recent years. Despite an increase in cost associated with CIED infections, mortality remains the same, and is higher in older patients.
His‐Bundle Pacing for Identifying Optimal Ablation Sites in Patients Undergoing Atrioventricular Junction Ablation
Authors: KULKARNI NITIN , MOORE CURTISS , PANDEY AMBARISH , CASTILLO DEMETRIO , AYERS COLBY , JOGLAR JOSE , WU RICHARD 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundAtrioventricular (AV) junction (AVJ) ablation is conventionally performed by localizing the His‐bundle electrogram (HBE). Identification of HBE in the presence of atrial fibrillation (AF) can be difficult, and can make this simple procedure challenging. In this study, we describe our experience with an alternative approach to localize optimal ablation sites using His‐bundle pacing (HBP).MethodsBetween 1/1/2014 and 12/31/2015, we performed 13 AVJ ablations using the standard electrogram‐guided approach and 11 ablations using HBP. All cases utilized a long femoral guiding sheath and an 8‐mm‐tip electrode radiofrequency (RF) energy ablation catheter. Pacing was performed at high output (10 mA at 2 ms) to initially achieve right bundle branch capture. The catheter was withdrawn until a narrow QRS morphology and increased stim‐to‐QRS time were observed. HBP was confirmed when paced and native QRS were identical in morphology. RF energy was applied at the site of HBP capture until AV block was observed.ResultsBaseline characteristics of patients in each arm were not significantly different. Compared with the standard approach, HBP was associated with trends toward lower RF applications (3 vs. 2, P = 0.16) and shorter mean RF time (208 seconds vs. 128 seconds, P = 0.19).ConclusionHBP is an effective technique to identify optimal ablation sites during AVJ ablation and may shorten procedure time. HBP can be used to identify the AV node during AF without recording the His potential. Future studies with larger sample size are needed to better characterize the utility of this technique.
Tapentadol for Cancer Pain Management: A Narrative Review
Authors: Carmona‐Bayonas Alberto , Jiménez Fonseca Paula , Virizuela Echaburu Juan 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackground and ObjectivePain is one of the most common symptoms in patients with cancer. The aim of this review is to summarize the most recent literature regarding tapentadol use in oncology patients and moderate or severe pain.Databases and Data TreatmentWe have conducted a review of the literature using PubMed, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Google Scholar for all manuscripts published between 2008 and 2016, using the key words “tapentadol,” “cancer,” “pain,” “tumor,” and “malignant.”ResultsNine studies met the inclusion criteria (four randomized clinical trials and five prospective cohort studies). The scope of the literature was diverse, with 15 instruments used to measure different aspects of pain (intensity, health status, quality of life, psychometric and well‐being, perception of change, and neuropathic pain). All these studies concluded that tapentadol is seemingly a well‐tolerated and efficacious agent for moderate‐severe cancer pain, with few typically mild adverse reactions. However, the most significant detected weaknesses of research were that (1) existing studies do not clearly show a superiority of tapentadol with respect to previous generation opioids, (2) low‐to‐moderate sample sizes prevent obtaining robust conclusions about effectiveness, (3) there was an absence of noninferiority trials comparing tapentadol vs. fentanyl or oxycodone–naloxone, and (4) there was scarce generalizability of prospective observational studies.ConclusionTapentadol is seemingly an effective, well‐tolerated alternative for moderate or severe cancer pain. Most prospective cohort studies have relatively small samples, are restricted to few research centers, and lack detailed subgroup information. More experience is required to draw valid generalizable conclusions.
‘Slaves among Us’: The Climate and Character of Eighteenth‐Century Philosophical Discussions of Slavery
Authors: Watkins Margaret 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis article introduces several aspects of eighteenth‐century discussions of slavery that may be unfamiliar or surprising to present‐day readers. First, even eighteenth‐century philosophers who were opponents of slavery often exhibited marked racism and helped develop racial concepts that would later serve pro‐slavery theorists. Such thinkers include Hume, Voltaire, and Kant. Second, we must see slavery debates in the context of larger scientific and political debates, including those about climate and character, just political systems, the superiority or inferiority of the moderns to the ancients, and the status of women. This section of the paper discusses the views of Montesquieu, Edmund Burke, Adam Smith, Sarah Chapone, and Mary Astell. Finally, many anti‐slavery arguments of the time may seem too ‘soft’ to contemporary readers, as they appeal to negative effects or aspects of slavery rather than arguing for its absolute injustice. The last section of the paper compares Rousseau's arguments against slavery in The Social Contract with such arguments and concludes with a discussion of how Hume's understanding of humanity as a virtue may serve as a bridge between the two.
Bioluminescence Imaging of Spheroids for High‐throughput Longitudinal Studies on 3D Cell Culture Models
Authors: Cevenini Luca , Calabretta Maria M. , Lopreside Antonia , Branchini Bruce R. , Southworth Tara L. , Michelini Elisa , Roda Aldo 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBioluminescent (BL) cell‐based assays based on two‐dimensional (2D) monolayer cell cultures represent well‐established bioanalytical tools for preclinical screening of drugs. However, cells in 2D cultures do not often reflect the morphology and functionality of living organisms, thus limiting the predictive value of 2D cell‐based assays. Conversely, 3D cell models have the capability to generate the extracellular matrix and restore cell‐to‐cell communications; thus, they are the most suitable model to mimic in vivo physiology. In this work, we developed a nondestructive real‐time BL imaging assay of spheroids for longitudinal studies on 3D cell models. A high‐throughput BL 3D cell‐based assay in micropatterned 96‐well plate format is reported. The assay performance was assessed using the transcriptional regulation of nuclear factor K beta response element in human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells. We compared concentration–response curves for tumor necrosis factor‐α with those obtained using conventional 2D cell cultures. One of the main advantages of this approach is the nonlysing nature of the assay, which allows for repetitive measurements on the same sample. The assay can be implemented in any laboratory equipped with basic cell culture facilities and paves the way to the development of new 3D bioluminescent cell‐based assays.
A Comparison of Dose Metrics to Predict Local Tumor Control for Photofrin‐mediated Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Qiu Haixia , Kim Michele M. , Penjweini Rozhin , Finlay Jarod C. , Busch Theresa M. , Wang Tianhao , Guo Wensheng , Cengel Keith A. , Simone Charles B. , Glatstein Eli , Zhu Timothy C. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis preclinical study examines light fluence, photodynamic therapy (PDT) dose and “apparent reacted singlet oxygen,” [1O2]rx, to predict local control rate (LCR) for Photofrin‐mediatedPDTof radiation‐induced fibrosarcoma (RIF) tumors. Mice bearingRIFtumors were treated with in‐air fluences (50–250 J cm−2) and in‐air fluence rates (50–150 mW cm−2) at Photofrin dosages of 5 and 15 mg kg−1and a drug‐light interval of 24 h using a 630‐nm, 1‐cm‐diameter collimated laser. A macroscopic model was used to calculate [1O2]rxandPDTdose based onin vivoexplicit dosimetry of the drug concentration, light fluence and tissue optical properties.PDTdose and [1O2]rxwere defined as a temporal integral of drug concentration and fluence rate, and singlet oxygen concentration consumed divided by the singlet oxygen lifetime, respectively.LCRwas stratified for different dose metrics for 74 mice (66 + 8 control). Complete tumor control at 14 days was observed for [1O2]rx≥ 1.1 mmorPDTdose ≥1200 μmJ cm−2but cannot be predicted with fluence alone.LCRincreases with increasing [1O2]rxandPDTdose but is not well correlated with fluence. Comparing dosimetric quantities, [1O2]rxoutperformed bothPDTdose and fluence in predicting tumor response and correlating withLCR.
Characterizing the post‐recolonization of Antechinus flavipes and its genetic implications in a production forest landscape
Authors: Mijangos Jose L. , Pacioni Carlo , Spencer Peter B. S. , Hillyer Mia , Craig Michael D. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractProduction landscapes, where activities such as timber harvesting, grazing, and resource extraction take place, have considerably reduced the extent of natural habitats. The ecological restoration of these landscapes is, in many cases, the best remaining option to protect biodiversity. However, it is unclear whether restoration designed to avert biodiversity loss in restored landscapes can also maintain genetic diversity in recolonizing faunal populations. We employed core concepts in the field of population genetics to address questions of genetic diversity and gene flow in recolonizing faunal populations, using a small and vagile marsupial (Antechinus flavipes) inhabiting a mined landscape under restoration. We did not detect a disruption of gene flow that led to genetic substructuring, suggesting adequate levels of gene flow across the landscape. Parameters of neutral genetic diversity were high in groups of individuals sampled in both restored and unmined sites. Our results are encouraging as they indicate that ecological restoration has the potential to not just increase available habitat, but also to maintain genetic diversity. However, there is evidence that past anthropogenic disturbances affected the genetics of the population at the regional level. Although restoration at the local level may seem to be successful, it is necessary to manage populations at larger spatial scales than where restoration is conducted, and over long temporal scales, if genetic diversity is to be maintained in restored landscapes. The field of population genetics is an underused tool in ecological restoration yet can provide important insights into how well restoration achieves its goals.
Scour holes and ripples occur below the hydraulic smooth to rough transition of movable beds
Authors: Kleinhans Maarten G. , Leuven Jasper R. F. W. , Braat Lisanne , Baar Anne 
Published: January 2017

AbstractScour holes often form in shallow flows over sand on the beach and in morphodynamic scale experiments of river reaches, deltas and estuarine landscapes. The scour holes are on average 2 cm deep and 5 cm long, regardless of the flow depth and appear to occur under similar conditions as current ripples: at low boundary Reynolds numbers, in fine sand and under relatively low sediment mobility. In landscape experiments, where the flow is only about 1 cm deep, such scours may be unrealistically large and have unnatural effects on channel formation, bar pattern and stratigraphy. This study tests the hypotheses that both scours and ripples occur in the same conditions and that the roughness added by sediment saltation explains the difference between the ripple–dune transition and the clear‐water hydraulic smooth to rough transition. About 500 experiments are presented with a range of sediment types, sediment mobility and obstructions to provoke scour holes, or removal thereof to assess scour hole persistence. Most experiments confirm that ripples and scour holes both form in the ripple stability field in two different bedform stability diagrams. The experiments also show that scours can be provoked by perturbations even below generalized sediment motion. Moreover, the hydraulic smooth to rough transition modified with saltation roughness depending on sediment mobility was similar in magnitude and in slope to ripple–dune transitions. Given uncertainties in saltation relations, the smooth to rough transitions modified for movable beds are empirically equivalent to the ripple–dune transitions. These results are in agreement with the hypothesis that scours form by turbulence caused by localized flow separation under low boundary Reynolds numbers, and do not form under generalized flow separation over coarser particles and intense sediment saltation. Furthermore, this suggests that ripples are a superposition of two independent forms: periodic bedforms occurring in smooth and rough conditions plus aperiodic scours occurring only in hydraulic smooth conditions.
Green collar work: Conceptualizing and exploring an emerging field of work
Authors: Pettinger Lynne 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn this paper, I consider “green collar work,” broadly defined as work intended to counter environmental degradation. I consider what might count as green collar work and compare the greening of work in different sectors, including industrial production, service work, working on “nature,” and expert work. I look also at how organizations affect the “greenness” of work. I stress that “green work” is not consistent across time and place and that it is important to understand the interdependencies between different kinds of work. As this is a new topic in sociology, I draw on research from different social science disciplines.
Korean transracial adoptee identity formation
Authors: Laybourn Wendy Marie 
Published: January 2017

AbstractDespite nearly half a million transnational adoptions to the United States, most of which are also transracial, sociological research has given little attention to this phenomenon. This review demonstrates why more sociological attention on Korean transnational adoption in particular is warranted. I review one area with overwhelming sociological significance—identity formation, including the distinct dimensions of racial, ethnic, and adoptive identities. While the bulk of this research has taken place outside of sociology, in reviewing the findings, I argue the sociological significance of Korean transnational transracial adoption to examinations of race, racialization, and identity formation.
Making sense of agency: Belief in free will as a unique and important construct
Authors: Feldman Gilad 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBelief in free will is the general belief that human behavior is free from internal and external constraints across situations for both self and others. In the last decade, scholars in social‐cognitive psychology and experimental philosophy have made progress in defining free will terms, exploring how laypersons think of free will, discovering related cognitive processes and biases, and examining the behavioral outcomes of believing in free will. The growing interest in this construct raises the need for a discussion of what is new about free will beliefs, and how this construct differs from and relates to other well‐known agency constructs in the literature. In this review, we integrate conceptual discussions and empirical findings in the existing literature to highlight the belief in free will as a separate and important construct, different from existing constructs in the literature, and capturing unique aspects of agency. We conclude by calling researchers to recognize these differences and to leverage the potential in the construct of the belief in free will as a predictor of cognition and behavior.
Roughness preserving filter design to remove spatial noise from stereoscopic skin images for stable haptic rendering
Authors: Lee K. , Kim M. , Lee O. , Kim K. 
Published: January 2017

Background/purposeA problem in skin rendering with haptic feedback is the reconstruction of accurate 3D skin surfaces from stereo skin images to be used for touch interactions. This problem also encompasses the issue of how to accurately remove haptic spatial noise caused by the construction of disparity maps from stereo skin images, while minimizing the loss of the original skin roughness for cloning real tough textures without errors. Since the haptic device is very sensitive to high frequencies, even small amounts of noise can cause serious system errors including mechanical oscillations and unexpected exerting forces. Therefore, there is a need to develop a noise removal algorithm that preserves haptic roughness.MethodsA new algorithm for a roughness preserving filter (RPF) that adaptively removes spatial noise, is proposed. The algorithm uses the disparity control parameter (λ) and noise control parameter (k), obtained from singular value decomposition of a disparity map. The parameter k determines the amount of noise to be removed, and the optimum value of k is automatically chosen based on a threshold of gradient angles of roughness (Ra).ResultsThe RPF algorithm was implemented and verified with three real skin images. Evaluation criteria include preserved roughness quality and removed noise. Mean squared error (MSE), peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), and objective roughness measures Ra and Rq were used for evaluation, and the results were compared against a median filter. The results show that the proposed RPF algorithm is a promising technology for removing noise and retaining maximized roughness, which guarantees stable haptic rendering for skin roughness.ConclusionThe proposed RPF is a promising technology because it allows for any stereo image to be filtered without the risk of losing the original roughness. In addition, the algorithm runs automatically for any given stereo skin image with relation to the disparity parameter λ, and the roughness parameters Ra or Rq are given priority. Although this method has been optimized by graph‐cut disparity map building, it can be extended to other disparity map building methods because the parameter k is determined by actual roughness Ra data that can be obtained by simple measurement.
Phylogeny of Stephanidae (Hymenoptera: Apocrita) with a new genus from Upper Cretaceous Myanmar amber
Authors: LI LONFGENG , RASNITSYN ALEXANDR P. , LABANDEIRA CONRAD C. , SHIH CHUNGKUN , REN DONG 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA new wasp species, Lagenostephanus lii Li, Rasnitsyn, Shih and Ren gen. et sp.n., is assigned to Stephaninae (Hymenoptera: Stephanidae). The specimen is described from the lowermost Upper Cretaceous Myanmar (Burmese) amber. This is the second stephanid wasp described from Myanmar amber after Kronostephanus zigrasi Engel & Grimaldi, representing the earliest fossil occurrences of Stephanidae. Based on morphological characters of all extant and extinct genera, a phylogenetic analysis of Stephanidae was conducted. The results indicate that Schlettereriinae and Stephaninae are monophyletic, whereas Electrostephanus Brues, as the only genus within Electrostephaninae, belongs to Stephaninae. Therefore, we propose a synonymy of Electrostephaninae with Stephaninae. Based on the fossil evidence, we infer that the family of Stephanidae was significantly diverse in the Late Cretaceous and that they originated during the Early Cretaceous or late Jurassic. A key to genera of Stephanidae is provided.This published work has been registered in ZooBank, http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C082C245-8FD3-42B0-880F-94333286500B.