bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognose und Bewertung von Karstrisiken am Tunnel Albabstieg
Authors: Butscher Christoph , Wunderle Maximilian , Künemund Luisa , Blum Philipp 
Published: January 2018

AbstractUm karstbedingten Risiken im Tunnelbau begegnen zu können, sollten Karsterscheinungen frühzeitig erkannt werden. Dabei sind Karstphänomene sowohl in ihrer Häufigkeit als auch in ihrer Intensität in Karstgebieten sehr heterogen verteilt. Die KarstALEA‐Methode geht davon aus, dass Karstrisiken in Karstgebieten jedoch nicht zufällig verteilt sind, sondern sich aus der Entwicklungsgeschichte des Karstsystems ergeben und durch eine Analyse der Faktoren, die die Karstbildung steuern, prognostiziert werden können. Dabei werden die Wahrscheinlichkeit, in verschiedenen Tunnelabschnitten auf einen Karsthohlraum zu stoßen, sowie die Eigenschaften der zu erwartenden Hohlräume beschrieben. Die KarstALEA‐Methode ist iterativ und gliedert sich in mehrere Etappen. Die vorliegende Arbeit konzentriert sich auf die zweite Etappe, die KarstALEA‐Erkundung. Sie zeigt eine Prognose von Karsterscheinungen anhand der Auswertung der Ausschreibungsunterlagen und die Bewertung der Karstrisiken, basierend auf der KarstALEA‐Methode am Beispiel des Tunnels Albabstieg auf der Neubaustrecke Wendlingen–Ulm der Deutschen Bahn. Die Ergebnisse der KarstALEA‐Methode werden mit den während des Baufortschritts angetroffenen Karsterscheinungen verglichen, die durch vortriebsbegleitende Erkundungsbohrungen und eine Kartierung der Ortsbrust ermittelt wurden. Die KarstALEA‐Methode erlaubte in diesem Fallbeispiel eine verbesserte und detailliertere Abschätzung der zu erwartenden Karstrisiken gegenüber einer Analyse der vor Baubeginn durchgeführten Erkundungsbohrungen und einer daraus erstellten stratigrafiebezogenen Prognose. Für einzelne Abschnitte wurde bspw. eine hohe Karströhrendichte richtig vorhergesagt, und die mit der Verkarstung einhergehenden Gefahrenbilder wurden überwiegend zutreffend charakterisiert. Die durch die KarstALEA‐Methode gewonnenen Erkenntnisse können somit die Planung des Bauvorhabens hinsichtlich einer Gefährdung durch Karsterscheinungen verbessern, indem z. B. verschiedene Varianten des Tunnelverlaufs hinsichtlich der zu erwartenden karstspezifischen Risiken miteinander verglichen werden können. Außerdem kann die Methode eine konventionelle Karsterkundung durch Bohrungen im Tunnel optimieren.
Accumulation conditions and prospective areas of shale gas in the Middle Jurassic Dameigou Formation, northern Qaidam Basin, Northwest China
Authors: Guo Tianxu , Ren Shoumai , Luo Xiaorong , Bao Shujing , Wang Shengjian , Zhou Zhi , Chen Xianglin , Li Haohan , Xu Qiufeng 
Published: January 2018

The Qaidam Basin is one of the most resource‐rich onshore petroliferous basins in Northwest China. The Middle Jurassic Dameigou Formation crops out along the northern margin of the basin and consists of a sequence of lacustrine sedimentary units, including sets of thick, black shale unit. The shale gas exploration well CY1 had shown significant logging anomalies that have been interpreted to indicate the presence of shale gas. This gas signature well provides valuable shale rock and shale gas parameters that enabled the identification of three areas for future shale gas exploration in this region, namely, to the south‐east of Lenghu, in the area around Yuqia, and to the south‐east of Huaitoutala. This study presents new data for organic‐rich shale samples of the Dameigou Formation that were collected from boreholes and outcrops that enable the determination of some of the conditions of shale gas accumulation. The black shale unit within seventh interval of the Dameigou Formation is about 20 to 80 m thick. Its total organic carbon content is high (average of 2.62%), kerogen types are II1 and II2, and thermal maturity is mid to high (average Ro of 0.89%). It contains low abundances of brittle minerals and high abundances of clay minerals, micrometre to nanometre pore sizes, and high gas contents (average of 1.11 m3/t). These shale properties favour both shale gas generation and accumulation within the northern Qaidam Basin and are comparable to the properties of shales within shale gas fields in North America and elsewhere in China.
Petrogenesis of basalt from the middle Okinawa Trough: New insights from olivine‐hosted melt inclusions
Authors: Li Xiaohui , Zeng Zhigang , Wang Xiaoyuan , Chen Shuai , Ma Yao , Yang Huixin , Zhang Yuxiang , Chen Zuxing 
Published: January 2018

Silicate melt inclusions (SMIs) in basalt from the middle Okinawa Trough are investigated in detail to understand the source geochemical characteristics and petrogenesis of the basalt. The middle Okinawa Trough basalts contain abundant SMIs within olivine phenocrysts. The major element compositions of the SMIs are analysed using an electron microprobe. After correcting for olivine postentrapment crystallization, the major element compositions of the SMIs are more variable in terms of SiO2 (49.7–54.8 wt%) and MgO (5.1–7.2 wt%) than those of the host basalt (SiO2, 52.4 wt%; MgO, 5.7 wt%), which could indicate the existence of more primitive melts than erupted bulk rock. The major element compositions of the SMIs indicate that the SMI‐recorded melt evolution process was mainly dominated by the fractional crystallization of olivine. According to laser ablation inductively coupled mass spectrometer analyses, the trace element compositions of the SMIs are similar to those of the host bulk rock and feature obvious enrichment in Pb and large‐ion lithophile elements relative to high field strength elements, rare earth elements, and highly negative Nb and Ta anomalies. The low Ce/Pb ratios, high Pb contents, and trace element distribution patterns in the SMIs are related to contributions from subducted sedimentary components in the magma source. Based on the electron microprobe analyses, the chemical composition of the olivine suggests that the lithology of the basalt source may be pyroxenite. The basalts may have been generated by the partial melting of pyroxenite during interactions between mantle‐wedge peridotite and Si‐rich melts that were released from the subducted slab.
Infant sleeping arrangements, social criticism, and maternal distress in the first year
Authors: Shimizu Mina , Teti Douglas M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe present study examined differences in social criticism and maternal distress and in household, maternal, and infant characteristics between families who co‐slept with their infants beyond 6 months and those who moved their infants to a separate room by 6 months. Data for infant sleeping arrangements, preferences for their sleeping arrangement choices, criticism, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and worries about infant sleep were collected from 103 European American mothers during the infant's first year. Mothers who co‐slept with their infants beyond 6 months (persistent co‐sleepers) were more likely than mothers who moved their infants to solitary sleep by 6 months to receive criticism and report depression and worry about infants' sleep behaviour, even after controlling for preference for the sleep arrangement they used. Interestingly, criticism was associated with maternal depression and worries only for persistent co‐sleeping mothers. Further, these mothers had lower income, reported greater space constraints; were younger, single, or unemployed; were less likely to have a Bachelor's degree; and were more likely to have infants with greater negative affectivity or problematic night waking, compared to mothers of solitary sleeping infants. Adherence to cultural norms regarding infant sleeping arrangements may be a strong predictor of social criticism and maternal well‐being.Highlights

The present study examined differences in levels of criticism and maternal distress and in sample characteristics by infant sleep arrangements.
The covariance pattern models revealed that persistent co‐sleeping mothers reported greater social criticism, depressive symptoms, and worry about infants' sleep behaviour than mothers of solitary sleeping infants. Social criticism was associated with maternal depressive symptoms and worries only for mothers in the former group, consistent with the cultural model of sleep.
Co‐sleepers' household and maternal characteristics reported by past work may be most applicable to European American families. The European American families who persistently co‐slept with their infants in our study may be reactive co‐sleepers.
Regulatory effect of resveratrol and prednisolone on MDR1 gene expression in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line (CCRF‐CEM): An epigenetic perspective
Authors: Zadi Heydarabad Milad , Nikasa Mina , Vatanmakanian Mousa , Azimi Ako , Farshdousti Hagh Majid 
Published: January 2018

AbstractChemotherapy is the most common method to treat leukemia as well as other types of human cancers. However, drug resistance has remained as the main challenge against the efficacy of treatments. Furthermore, having various adverse effects, chemotherapy drugs are becoming replaced by natural modalities for cancer therapy. In this regard, herbal components such as resveratrol and prednisolone have been identified to sensitize the leukemic cells to programmed cell death through a set of complex processes. In this study, we have examined DNA methylation on the human multidrug resistance gene 1 (MDR1) as a well‐known marker for cellular drug resistance. We evaluated the effect of resveratrol and prednisolone on DNA methylation patterns of MDR1 gene promoter in the CCRF‐CEM cell line as a representative for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The study was aimed to clarify whether the MDR1 gene expression is regulated via DNA promoter methylation as a potential underlying mechanism, following exposure to resveratrol and prednisolone. Our data revealed that despite a strong influence to down‐regulate the MDR1 expression, Resveratrol and Prednisolone did not alter the methylation pattern, suggesting other regulatory mechanisms in controlling the MDR1 expression in CCRF‐CEM cell line. Unchanged status of DNA methylation of MDR1 gene may suggest that Resveratrol and Prednisolone causes the gene expression changes through a distinct mechanism which requires further studies to be understood. A more detailed understanding of the mechanisms beyond the regulation of the genes involved in cancer formation will help to design novel therapeutic strategies to fight the human cancers.
HMGB1‐induced inflammatory response promotes bone healing in murine tooth extraction socket
Authors: Aoyagi Hiroaki , Yamashiro Keisuke , Hirata‐Yoshihara Chiaki , Ideguchi Hidetaka , Yamasaki Mutsuyo , Kawamura Mari , Yamamoto Tadashi , Kochi Shinsuke , Wake Hidenori , Nishibori Masahiro , Takashiba Shogo 
Published: January 2018

AbstractHigh mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a non‐histone DNA‐binding protein that is secreted into the extracellular milieu in response to inflammatory stimuli. The secreted HMGB1 has been suggested to mediate various inflammatory diseases. However, it is still unknown whether HMGB1 is involved in a healing process in the tooth extraction socket, the tissue containing gingival epithelium, and alveolar bone that is exposed to oral bacteria. In this study, we constructed a murine tooth extraction model with anti‐HMGB1 neutralization antibody administration and observed the inflammatory response and bone healing process in tooth extraction sockets by molecular imaging of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, histological analysis, and quantitative RT‐PCR. The translocation of HMGB1 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in gingival epithelial cells and inflammatory cells was inhibited by anti‐HMGB1 antibody administration. The MPO activity around the tooth extraction socket was significantly reduced, and the numbers of CD31‐ and CD68‐positive cells were significantly lower in the anti‐HMGB1 antibody treatment samples than in the control samples. The TRAP‐positive cells, osteocalcin positive cells, and the neoplastic bone area were significantly lower in anti‐HMGB1 antibody treatment samples than in control samples. The expression levels of IL‐1β and VEGF‐A were also decreased in anti‐HMGB1 antibody treatment samples compared to that in control samples. Secreted HMGB1 induced initial acute inflammation and inflammatory cells recruitment after tooth extraction. HMGB1 was associated with angiogenesis and bone remodeling by osteoclast and osteoblast activation and promoted bone healing in the tooth extraction socket.
Searching for human oncoviruses: Histories, challenges, and opportunities
Authors: Cao Jian , Li Dawei 
Published: January 2018

AbstractOncoviruses contribute significantly to cancer burden. A century of tumor virological studies have led to the discovery of seven well‐accepted human oncoviruses, cumulatively responsible for approximately 15% of human cancer cases. Virus‐caused cancers are largely preventable through vaccination. Identifying additional oncoviruses and virus‐caused tumors will advance cancer prevention and precision medicine, benefiting affected individuals, and society as a whole. The historic success of finding human oncoviruses has provided a unique lesson for directing new research efforts in the post‐sequencing era. Combing the experiences from these pioneer studies with emerging high‐throughput techniques will certainly accelerate new discovery and advance our knowledge of the remaining human oncoviruses.
Retracted: MicroRNA‐132 attenuates LPS‐induced inflammatory injury by targeting TRAF6 in neuronal cell line HT‐22
Authors: Ji Yang‐Fei , Wang Dan , Liu Yan‐Ru , Ma Xing‐Rong , Lu Hong , Zhang Bo‐Ai 
Published: January 2018

AbstractEpilepsy is a common neurological disorder in the central nervous system. Inflammation disrupts the blood‐brain barrier (BBB), which is responsible for maintaining brain homeostasis. This study was aimed to investigate the functional role of microRNA (miR)‐132 in hippocampal HT‐22 cells under lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. In vitro cell inflammatory model was constructed by LPS stimulation. Inflammatory cell injury was evaluated according to the alterations of cell viability, apoptosis, and expression of inflammatory cytokines. Then, miR‐132 level after LPS treatment was assessed. Subsequently, miR‐132 was abnormally expressed after cell transfection, and the effects of miR‐132 on LPS‐induced cell inflammatory injury as well as phosphorylated levels of key kinases in the NF‐κB and MAPK kinase (MEK)/ERK pathways were determined. The target gene of miR‐132 was virtually screened and verified, and whether miR‐132 affected HT‐22 cells under LPS stimulation through regulating the target gene was verified. The results showed that the level of miR‐132 was down‐regulated by LPS in HT‐22 cells, and the LPS‐induced inflammatory injury could be reduced by miR‐132 overexpression. Then, the phosphorylated levels of kinases in the NF‐κB and MEK/ERK pathways were decreased by miR‐132 overexpression. Tumor necrosis factor receptor‐associated factor 6 (TRAF6) was predicted and verified to be a target of miR‐132. Moreover, the alterations induced by miR‐132 overexpression in the LPS‐treated HT‐22 cells were abrogated by TRAF6 overexpression. Therefore, we drew the conclusion that LPS down‐regulated miR‐132 and miR‐132 attenuated LPS‐induced inflammatory cell injury by targeting TRAF6, along with the inhibition of the NF‐κB and MEK/ERK pathways.
Neural regulation of bone remodeling: Identifying novel neural molecules and pathways between brain and bone
Authors: Huang Shishu , Li Zhenxia , Liu Yunhui , Gao Dashuang , Zhang Xinzhou , Hao Jin , Yang Fan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe metabolism and homeostasis of the skeletal system have historically been considered to be associated with the endocrine system. However, this view has been expanded with the recognition of several neural pathways playing important roles in the regulation of bone metabolism via central relays. In particular, bone metabolism and homeostasis have been reported to be precisely modulated by the central neural signaling. Initiated by the finding of leptin, the axis of neural regulation on bone expands rapidly. The semaphorin–plexin system plays an important role in the cross‐talk between osteoclasts and osteoblasts; a complex system has also been identified and includes neuropeptide Y and cannabinoids. These findings facilitate our understanding of the central neuropeptides and neural factors in the modulation of bone metabolism and homeostasis, and these neuronal pathways also represent an area of research scenario that identifies the novel regulation between brain and bone. These regulatory mechanisms correlate with other homeostatic networks and demonstrate a more intricate and synergetic bone biology than previously envisioned. As such, this review summarizes the current knowledge of the neural regulation of bone metabolism and homeostasis, as well as its role in skeletal diseases and discusses the emerging challenges presented in this field.
Soluble CD14, CD163, and CD27 biomarkers distinguish ART-suppressed youth living with HIV from healthy controls
Authors: Williams Julie C , Zhang Xinrui , Karki Manju , Chi Yueh-Yun , Wallet Shannon M , Rudy Bret J , Nichols Sharon L , Goodenow Maureen M , Sleasman John W 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Objective
To define inflammatory pathways in youth living with HIV infection (YLWH), assessments of biomarkers associated with lymphocyte and macrophage activation, vascular injury, or bone metabolism were performed in YLWH in comparison with healthy controls (HC).

Design
Longitudinal multicenter study comparing biomarkers in YLWH suppressed on antiretroviral therapy (ART), those with ongoing viral replication, and HC were compared using single blood samples obtained at end of study.

Methods
Twenty-three plasma proteins were measured by ELISA or multiplex assays. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to define contributions of individual biomarkers to define outcome groups.

Results
The study cohort included 129 predominantly African American, male participants, 21–25 years old at entry. Nine biomarkers of lymphocyte and macrophage activation and cardiovascular injury differed between HC and YLWH. Significant positive correlations were identified between lymphocyte and macrophage activation biomarkers among HC and YLWH. Correlations distinct to YLWH were predominantly between biomarkers of macrophage and vascular inflammation. PCA of outcome groups showed HC and suppressed YLWH clustering together for lymphocyte activation biomarkers, whereas macrophage activation markers showed all YLWH clustering distinct from HC. Cardiovascular biomarkers were indistinguishable across groups. Averaged variable importance projection to assess single biomarkers that maximally contribute to discriminate among outcome groups identified soluble CD27, CD14, and CD163 as the 3 most important with TNFα and LPS also highly relevant in providing separation.

Conclusions
Soluble inflammatory and lymphocyte biomarkers sufficiently distinguish YLWH from HC. Persistent macrophage activation biomarkers may provide a means to monitor consequences of HIV infection in fully suppressed YLWH.
Understanding fibrosis in eosinophilic esophagitis: Are we there yet?
Authors: Armbruster-Lee Jennifer , Cavender Cary P , Lieberman Jay A , Samarasinghe Amali E 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an immune/antigen-mediated, progressive fibrostenotic disease characterized by symptoms of esophageal dysfunction and abnormal eosinophilic infiltration in the esophagus. Despite current treatment modalities of dietary antigen elimination or topical corticosteroids, a subset of patients do not have clinical or histologic response. Even with resolution of superficial epithelial eosinophilia, patients may still have progressive subepithelial fibrosis, which may lead to esophageal strictures over time. Histologic identification of subepithelial fibrosis requires deep esophageal biopsies, which are not routinely obtained. Herein, we review the challenges in diagnosing and treating fibrosis in EoE. We propose the novel concept of vitamin D supplementation to treat fibrosis in EoE through downregulation of profibrotic mediator, transforming growth factor-beta.
Transforming growth factor-beta, a central mediator in esophageal remodeling in eosinophilic esophagitis, may be downregulated by vitamin D.
Yellowstone Lake Coring Projects: Research with a History
Authors: Spanbauer Trisha L. , Brown Sabrina R. , Cartier Rosine , Conley Daniel J. , Fritz Sherilyn C. , Schiller Christopher M. , Theriot Edward C. , Whitlock Cathy , Zahajská Petra 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe Yellowstone National Park ecosystem is a product of dynamic earth system processes, which have been of interest to scientists and the public since the park's discovery. Here, we outline the history of two successive generations of scientific collaboration in Yellowstone National Park. Early collaboration was spurred by the discovery of an unknown diatom species found in Yellowstone Lake. This prompted the first coring project in 1992 that described the morphological evolution of that species and the paleoenvironmental conditions during which it evolved. About twenty years later, the group was brought together again, with the addition of early career scientists, for a coring project focused on hydrothermal activity in the Yellowstone Lake basin. We discuss the ongoing research and analyses of core material, and conclude with the benefits of working in multigenerational interdisciplinary research groups.
BCAA Metabolism and Insulin Sensitivity – Dysregulated by Metabolic Status?
Authors: Gannon Nicholas P. , Schnuck Jamie K. , Vaughan Roger A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBranched‐chain amino acids (BCAAs) appear to influence several synthetic and catabolic cellular signaling cascades leading to altered phenotypes in mammals. BCAAs are most notably known to increase protein synthesis through modulating protein translation, explaining their appeal to resistance and endurance athletes for muscle hypertrophy, expedited recovery, and preservation of lean body mass. In addition to anabolic effects, BCAAs may increase mitochondrial content in skeletal muscle and adipocytes, possibly enhancing oxidative capacity. However, elevated circulating BCAA levels have been correlated with severity of insulin resistance. It is hypothesized that elevated circulating BCAAs observed in insulin resistance may result from dysregulated BCAA degradation. This review summarizes original reports that investigated the ability of BCAAs to alter glucose uptake in consequential cell types and experimental models. The review also discusses the interplay of BCAAs with other metabolic factors, and the role of excess lipid (and possibly energy excess) in the dysregulation of BCAA catabolism. Lastly, this article provides a working hypothesis of the mechanism(s) by which lipids may contribute to altered BCAA catabolism, which often accompanies metabolic disease.