bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
National estimates of self-reported sitting time in adults with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Sasaki JE , Motl RW , Cutter G , Marrie RA , Tyry T , Salter A 
Published: January 2018

Background Limited data exist on the prevalence and distribution of sedentary behavior (SB) in multiple sclerosis (MS). Objective The objective of this paper is to describe sitting time as a metric of SB in a large national sample of people with MS. Methods A total of 8004 individuals from the North American Research Committee on MS (NARCOMS) Registry completed the sitting time question from the International Physical Activity Questionnaire in spring 2015. We present descriptive data on sitting time for the total sample and across sociodemographic, clinical, and behavioral characteristics. Results The final sample included 6483 individuals. Of these, 36.7% were classified with mild disability, 24.7% with moderate disability, and 38.6% with severe disability. Median sitting time for the total sample was 480 min/day (P25 = 310 min/day, P75 = 720 min/day). Sitting time was highest for individuals with MS who were male (540 min/day), not married (540 min/day), had a disease duration >30 years (540 min/day), were underweight (540.5 min/day), had an annual income of < $15,000 (585 min/day), presented with a progressive form of MS (600 min/day), were classified as insufficiently active (600 min/day), or presented with severe disability (661 min/day). Conclusion Sitting time is twice as high in individuals with MS compared to the general population (240 min/day).
A Prescription for Note Bloat: An Effective Progress Note Template
Authors: Kahn Daniel , Stewart Elizabeth , Duncan Mark , Lee Edward , Simon Wendy , Lee Clement , Friedman Jodi , Mosher Hilary , Harris Katherine , Bell John , Sharpe Bradley , El‐Farra Neveen 
Published: January 2018

BACKGROUNDUnited States hospitals have widely adopted electronic health records (EHRs). Despite the potential for EHRs to increase efficiency, there is concern that documentation quality has suffered.OBJECTIVETo examine the impact of an educational session bundled with a progress note template on note quality, length, and timeliness.DESIGNA multicenter, nonrandomized prospective trial.SETTINGFour academic hospitals across the United States.PARTICIPANTSIntern physicians on inpatient internal medicine rotations at participating hospitals.INTERVENTIONA task force delivered a lecture on current issues with documentation and suggested that interns use a newly designed best practice progress note template when writing daily progress notes.MEASUREMENTSNote quality was rated using a tool designed by the task force comprising a general impression score, the validated Physician Documentation Quality Instrument, 9‐item version (PDQI‐9), and a competency questionnaire. Reviewers documented number of lines per note and time signed.RESULTSTwo hundred preintervention and 199 postintervention notes were collected. Seventy percent of postintervention notes used the template. Significant improvements were seen in the general impression score, all domains of the PDQI‐9, and multiple competency items, including documentation of only relevant data, discussion of a discharge plan, and being concise while adequately complete. Notes had approximately 25% fewer lines and were signed on average 1.3 hours earlier in the day.CONCLUSIONSThe bundled intervention for progress notes significantly improved the quality, decreased the length, and resulted in earlier note completion across 4 academic medical centers.
The Effects of Autoscaling in Cloud Computing
Authors: Fazli Amir , Sayedi Amin , Shulman Jeffrey D. 
Published: January 2018

Web-based firms often rely on cloud-based computational resources to serve customers, but the number of customers they will serve is rarely known at the time of product launch. A recent innovation in cloud computing, known as autoscaling, allows companies to automatically scale their computational load up or down to match customer demand. We build a game theory model to examine how autoscaling will affect firms’ decisions to enter a new market and the resulting equilibrium prices, profitability, and consumer surplus. The model produces novel results depending on the likelihood of a firm’s success in the new market, differentiation among potential entrants, and the cost of computational capacity. For instance, in contrast to previous capacity commitment models with demand certainty, we show that autoscaling can mitigate price competition if the likelihood of a firm’s success in the market is moderate and the cost of capacity is sufficiently low. This is because without autoscaling, the firms’ uncertainty about demand would lead to excessive computational capacities and thus aggressive price competition. We also find that when the likelihood of success is sufficiently high, autoscaling facilitates entry for one firm yet deters a second firm from simultaneously entering the market. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2891 . This paper was accepted by Juanjuan Zhang, marketing.
Lobbying on Regulatory Enforcement Actions: Evidence from U.S. Commercial and Savings Banks
Authors: Lambert Thomas 
Published: January 2018

This paper analyzes the relationship between bank lobbying and supervisory decisions of regulators and documents its moral hazard implications. Exploiting bank-level information on the universe of commercial and savings banks in the United States, I find that regulators are 44.7% less likely to initiate enforcement actions against lobbying banks. This result is robust across measures of lobbying and accounts for endogeneity concerns by employing instrumental variables strategies. In addition, I show that lobbying banks are riskier and reliably underperform their nonlobbying peers. Overall, these results appear rather inconsistent with an information-based explanation of bank lobbying, but consistent with the theory of regulatory capture.This paper was accepted by Amit Seru, finance.
Acceptance of caesarean section among pregnant women in Nigeria
Authors: Omobolanle Olajubu A , Adekemi Olowokere E , Tolulope Adetona E , Idowu Olowokere E , Oluwafemi Olajubu T 
Published: January 2018

Background:Maternal mortality is unacceptably high in low-resource countries. This is disturbing, considering that some of these deaths are preventable through caesarean section.Aims:To determine the perception and factors associated with the acceptance of caesarean section among high-risk pregnant women.Methods:A descriptive, cross-sectional survey design was used and 300 respondents were selected using purposive sampling. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics.Findings:The majority (80.3%) of respondents accepted caesarean section as a mode of birth, of which 47.3% would accept reluctantly if there was clinical indication. The acceptance of caesarean section had its strongest relationship with lack of information (P<0.001; ø=-0.285), followed by religious restriction (P<0.001; ø=-0.218), and partner's support/opinion (P<0.001; ø=-0.209).Conclusions:Most of the respondents perceived caesarean section positively, and accepted it as a mode of birth. Many also identified factors influencing their acceptance of the procedure.
Uptake of cervical cancer screening among women attending a provincial hospital in Zimbabwe
Authors: Mantula Fennie , Mwisongo Aziza 
Published: January 2018

Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women worldwide and is a leading cause of death in developing countries, with 80% of those affected dying from the disease. In Zimbabwe, it accounts for 33.5% of all cancers affecting women. Cervical cancer can be reduced significantly through implementation of effective screening programmes; although such programmes often suffer from resource constraints. Aim: To determine the uptake of cervical cancer screening among women attending Gwanda Provincial Hospital which uses the visual inspection with acetic acid and cervicography (VIAC) method. Methodology: The study sample consisted of 203 sexually active women aged 18 years and above. Data collection employed a researcher administered questionnaire which yielded a response rate of 96.7%. Results: Of the 203 participants, only 18.7% had been screened, with 14.3% having accessed VIAC screening. However, 62.2% of the participants had heard of cervical cancer, and 74.4% had heard of the VIAC programme. Screening was lowest among multiparous women and increased as the number of children decreased (P=0.03). Uptake of screening was also significantly associated with residential area (P=0.03). The strongest predictor of screening was prior knowledge of cervical cancer (P<0.001). Lack of adequate knowledge on cervical cancer and the VIAC screening programme were found to be the greatest barrier to the uptake of screening. Conclusions: Uptake of screening among women was low despite a high awareness of cervical cancer and the VIAC programme.
Satisfaction with family planning services in southern Ethiopia
Authors: Baruda Fasika , Dibaba Yohannes , Tamiru Dessalegn , Jisha Hunduma 
Published: January 2018

Background: Measuring client satisfaction is becoming an integral part of health system improvement strategies across the world. Aims: To investigate determinants of client satisfaction with family planning service at Sodo Wereda public health facilities. Methods: This was a facility-based, cross-sectional quantitative study that used semi-structured questionnaires supplemented with qualitative data. Data were collected from 421 women of reproductive age (15–49 years). Multivariable regression was used to assess the association between dependent and independent variables. Findings: Overall, levels of satisfaction were 67%, which was significantly associated with information given, type of family planning methods, discussion with partner, and short waiting time. In total, 53% of women were well informed about services; 69% found the clinic opening hours convenient and 66% were satisfied with the duration of the consultation. Conclusions: The study revealed low satisfaction in Sodo district. Providing effective counselling, with adequate information to enable informed choice, involving partners, and providing a range of methods should be considered.
The Contextualization of Islamic Education: Reformulation the Essence and Urgency in the Islamic Educators in Information Transformation Era
Authors: Syukron Buyung 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Education is the way to prepare the next generation with excellence and competitiveness and Islamic education is no exception. Islamic education, which aims to form the perfect man (insan kamil), is faced with complicated problems of globalization era characterized by the transformation of information. Islam must dominate the quality of education, to be both resistant and flexible with the times. To form a solid Islamic education takes various steps. Reconstruction of the essence and urgency of Islamic education is a way to drown out the dichotomy of science, since all sciences, according to Islam, comes from one authority. The concept of pluralism education should be done so that Muslims are not conflicted in the belief monopolistic practices. By understanding and accepting diversity, the nature of tolerance and inclusivity have been more mature so that Muslims are able to exchange thoughts for the future progress. The term "reconstruction" in this paper indicates that there has been existing paradigm used in Islamic education. However, this paradigm must now be designed or renewed so that Islamic education is able to build a democratic, religious, innovative, and ready person to face the challenges of the transformation of great and rapid information.
Keywords: Islamic Education, Essence and Urgency of Islamic Education, Information Transformation, Islamic Education and Information Transformation
Abstrak

Pendidikan adalah cara untuk menyiapkan generasi yang unggul dan memiliki daya saing. Tak terkecuali bagi pendidikan Islam. Pendidikan Islam yang bertujuan untuk menbentuk insan kamil dihadapkan pada permasalahan pelik akan derasnya globalisasi yang ditandai dengan era transformasi informasi. Mutu pendidikan Islam harus mendominasi, agar bersifat resisten dan fleksibel dengan perkembangan zaman. Untuk membentuk pendidikan Islam yang kokoh diperlukan berbagai macam langkah. Rekonstruksi essensi dan urgensitas pendidikan Islam merupakan cara untuk meredam dikotomi ilmu, karena pada hakikatnya semua ilmu menurut Islam bersumber dari satu otoritas. Pendidikan yang berwawasan pluralisme perlu dilakukan agar umat Islam tidak terbentur dalam praktik monopoli keyakinan. Dengan memahami dan menerima keberagaman, maka sifat toleransi dan inklusif semakin matang sehingga umat Islam mampu melakukan tukar pikiran demi kemajuan bersama. Term “rekonstruksi” di dalam paper ini mengindikasikan bahwa sebelumnya telah ada paradigma yang digunakan dalam pendidikan Islam. Hanya saja, paradigma tersebut kini harus dirancang atau diperbaharui kembali agar pendidikan Islam mampu membangun masyarakat yang demokratis, religius, inovatif, dan siap untuk menghadapi tantangan transformasi informasi yang begitu hebat dan pesat.

Kata Kunci: Pendidikan Islam, Essensi dan Urgensitas Pendidikan Islam, Transformasi Informasi, Pendidikan Islam dan Transformasi Informasi
Ultrastructure of digenean trematode eggs (Platyhelminthes: Neoophora): A review emphasizing new comparative data on four European Microphalloidea
Authors: Conn David Bruce , Świderski Zdzisław , Miquel Jordi 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Despite their tremendous diversity and their medical and veterinary importance, details of egg ultrastructure among the digenean trematodes has been studied rather little. The available literature is spread over several decades and several species, but has not been adequately reviewed to reveal patterns of similarity and divergence. We present this review to synthesize and analyse what is known from the available literature reporting studies using both transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). To support our general review of existing literature, we also have synthesized our own previously published descriptions, and present herein our new previously unpublished data. From these new electron micrographs, we provide a comparative analysis of the intrauterine eggs of four digenean species, representing four genera and three families of the superfamily Microphalloidea, collected from four different host wildlife species in four European countries: 1) Mediogonimus jourdanei (Prosthogonimidae) from Myodes glareolus (Mammalia: Rodentia), collected in France; 2) Maritrema feliui (Microphallidae) from Crocidura russula (Mammalia: Soricimorpha), collected in Spain; 3) Brandesia turgida (Pleurogenidae) from Pelophylax ridibundus (Amphibia: Anura: Ranidae), collected in Russia; and 4) Prosotocus confusus (Pleurogenidae) from Rana lessonae (Amphibia: Anura: Ranidae), collected in Belarus. All were studied by preparing whole worms by various techniques for TEM, so that eggs could be studied in situ within the uterus of the parent worm. Based on the literature review and the new data presented here, we describe basic similarities in patterns of embryogenesis and egg formation among all trematode species, but substantial variations in timing of larvigenesis, sculpturing of egg shell surfaces, and some other features, especially including accessory cocoon coverings outside the egg shells of B. turgida and P. confusus. In the future, many more studies are needed to explore egg ultrastructure in other digenean taxa, to explore potential phylogenetic patterns in egg development and structure, and to correlate structure with function in the life cycle.
Molecular target analysis of stearoyl-CoA desaturase genes of protozoan parasites
Authors: Lu He , Qin Xin , Zhang Jing , Zhang Shuang , Zhu Yu , Wu Wei Hua 
Published: January 2018

AbstractProtozoan parasites can synthesize polyunsaturated fatty acids. They possess stearoyl-CoA desaturase to convert stearate into oleate and linoleate. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase are the key enzymes required for the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids. It seems attractive to evaluate the possibility of using unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis pathways as drug targets. In this study, the authors investigate codon usage bias, base composition variations and protein sequence in ten available complete stearoyl-CoA desaturase gene sequences fromToxoplasma gondii,Neospora caninumetc. The results show that fatty acid desaturase genes GC content high of parasitic protozoa genes, GC content up to 63.37%, while fatty acid desaturase genes of parasitic protozoa prefers to use codon ending with G/C. In addition, the expected curve was also drawn to reveal the relationship of ENC and GC3s when the codon usage was only subjected to the nucleotide composition constraint. The genes lied on the expected curve in ENC-plot, indicating nucleotide composition constraint played a role in the condon usage pattern. Protein analysis, we find that all proteins are stearoyl-CoA desaturase, have sites of iron-binding active centers and contain three conserved His-rich motifs. If stearoyl-CoA desaturase is unusual to these parasites, it provides basis as a promising target for the development of selective chemical intervention. Therefore, the Bioinformatics analysis of protein and codon can help improve the work of genetic engineering and drug screening.
Molecular and serological investigation of infectious diseases in captive and free-range crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous – Linnaeus, 1776) from northeastern Brazil
Authors: Almeida Jonatas C. , Melo Renata P.B. , Kim Pomy C.P. , Guerra Neurisvan R. , Alves Leucio C. , Costa Diego F. , Alves Clebert José , Porto Wagnner J.N. , Mota Rinaldo A. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The aim of this study was to detect DNA and antibodies anti-Leishmania spp., Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in captive and free-range crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) from northeastern Brazil. Twenty-five crab-eating foxes from different states of northeastern Brazil were sampled by this study. Blood samples were collected by cephalic or jugular vein punctures. The whole blood was submitted to PCR, and the sera samples to the serological analysis as follows: MAT for T. gondii, NAT for N. caninum, and ELISA for L. chagasi. The frequence of antibodies anti-T. gondii was 50% and 29.41% for free-range and captive wild canids, respectively. The frequence of antibodies anti-N. caninum observed by this study was 62.50% and 23.52% for free-range and captive wild canids, respectively. The frequence of antibodies anti-L. chagasi was 4.0% for captive wild canids. Co-infections cases were identified as follows: one captive wild canid seropositive for T. gondii and L. chagasi and two free-range animals seropositive for T. gondii and N. caninum. All PCR assays performed were negative for the pathogens analyzed. This study describes the presence of antibodies anti-T. gondii, N. caninum e L. chagasi in wild canids from northeastern Brazil and highlights the necessity of further studies on infectious diseases in free-range and captive wild canids.
Syphacia muris infection in rats attenuates colorectal carcinogenesis through oxidative stress and gene expression alterations. Implications for modulatory effects by Bryostatin-1
Authors: Salim Elsayed I. , Harras Samar F. , Abdalla Aisha G. , Mona Mohmmed H. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAccumulating evidence suggest that some infectious agents may interfere in the natural progression of neoplasia. This study examined the association between chronic infection with adultSyphacia murisparasites and 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colorectal carcinogenesis in rats. In addition, the conceivable therapeutic effect of Bryostatin-1, a potent extract of the marine Bryozoan,Bugulane ritina, was investigated against this combined effect.DMH administration has induced aberrant crypt foci (ACF), surrogate biomarkers for colorectal carcinogenesis, while theS.murisinfection combined with DMH has significantly increased the total numbers of ACF. Nonetheless, treatment with Bryostatin-1 after infection has significantly reduced the ACF numbers particularly larger ones. This inhibition was concomitant with significant inhibition in the immunohistochemical levels of the ki67, Caspase-3 and IgM levels in colorectal epithelium, as well as serum levels of IgM and IgG. Additionally, treatment with Bryostatin-1 afterS.muris+ DMH has modulated enzymatic antioxidative markers levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase as well as the non-enzymatic antioxidant markers levels of reduced glutathione, lipid peroxidation, nitric oxide and total antioxidant capacity. Further, treatment with Bryostatin-1 has down-regulated the mRNA expression levels ofCOX-2andAPCgenes in colorectal mucosa. In conclusion, infection withS.murisduring colorectal carcinogenesis has significantly modulated the oxidative stress markers in the colorectum, while treatment with Bryostatin-1 has exerted significant curative potential. A mechanism could be explained that Bryostatin-1 treatment has reduced oxidative stress markers activities along with affecting host to parasite immunity possibly leading to changes in theCOX-2andAPCexpression, retarding cellular proliferation and subsequently reducing the colorectal carcinogenesis events.
Pathological and molecular studies of the renal trematode Paratanaisia bragai in Indian peafowls (Pavo cristatus)
Authors: Asok Kumar M. , Kumar Deepak , Palanivelu Munuswamy , Annamalai Latchumikanthan , Mathesh Karikalan , Singh Rajendra , Sharma Anil Kumar , Dhama Kuldeep 
Published: January 2018

AbstractEndoparasitic diseases are commonly encountered in free-ranging birds. Although not all endoparasites cause disease, persistent infection with large numbers of parasites almost always affects normal physiological functions, leading to deleterious effects on the host. This paper describes the anatomopathological alterations caused by the renal trematodeParatanaisia bragaiin Indian peafowl (n = 3) and examines the phylogeny of these and related parasites. Peafowl from forests in and around the Bareilly region, Uttar Pradesh, India, were necropsied, and microscopic and molecular investigations were performed. The peafowl were confirmed to be infected withP.bragai. Significant gross pathological lesions suggested nephrosis, and microscopic findings indicated a mild-to-moderate degree of nephrosis caused by the parasites in the tissue. The parasites were identified asP.bragaiby histomorphological analysis of adult and eggs in the ureters, and the identification was confirmed by PCR and phylogenetic analysis. Nucleotide sequencing of the PCR products from the renal trematodes recovered from Indian peafowl revealed a close association withP.bragaifrom Columbiformes in the United Kingdom and Spain. The pathology and molecular epidemiology of parasitic diseases affecting peafowl is not well understood in India. This is the first report from India and the second report worldwide to documentP.bragaiinfection in peafowl.