bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross‐sectional associations between variations in ankle shape by statistical shape modeling, injury history, and race: the Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project
Authors: Nelson Amanda E. , Golightly Yvonne M. , Lateef Shahmeer , Renner Jordan B. , Jordan Joanne M. , Aspden Richard M. , Hillstrom Howard , Gregory Jennifer S. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundInjury is an important risk factor for osteoarthritis (OA), a highly prevalent and disabling joint disease. Joint shape is linked to OA, but the interplay of injury and joint shape and their combined role in OA, particularly at the ankle, is not well known. Therefore, we explored cross‐sectional associations between ankle shape and injury in a large community‐based cohort.MethodsAnkles without radiographic OA were selected from the current data collection of the Johnston County OA Project. Ankles with self‐reported prior injury were included as injury cases (n = 108) along with 1:1 randomly selected non‐injured ankles. To define ankle shape, a 68 point model on weight‐bearing lateral ankle radiographs was entered into a statistical shape model, producing a mean shape and a set of continuous variables (modes) representing variation in that shape. Nineteen modes, explaining 80% of shape variance, were simultaneously included in a logistic regression model with injury status as the dependent variable, adjusted for intra‐person correlation, sex, race, body mass index (BMI), baseline OA radiographic grade, and baseline symptoms.ResultsA total of 194 participants (213 ankles) were included; mean age 71 years, BMI 30 kg/m2, 67% white and 71% women. Injured ankles were more often symptomatic and from whites. In a model adjusted only for intra‐person correlation, associations were seen between injury status and modes 1, 6, 13, and 19. In a fully adjusted model, race strongly affected the estimate for mode 1 (which was no longer statistically significant).ConclusionsThis study showed variations in ankle shape and history of injury as well as with race. These novel findings may indicate a change in ankle morphology following injury, or that ankle morphology predisposes to injury, and suggest that ankle shape is a potentially important factor in the development of ankle OA.
Understanding the public sector pay gap
Authors: Campos Maria M. , Depalo Domenico , Papapetrou Evangelia , Pérez Javier J. , Ramos Roberto 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe uncover the short- and long-run structural determinants of the existing cross-country heterogeneity in public-private pay differentials for a broad set of OECD countries. We explore micro data (EU-SILC, 2004–2012) and macro data (1970–2014). Three results stand out. First, when looking at pay gaps based on individual data, more than half of the cross-sectional variation of the sample can be accounted for by the degree of exposure to international competition, as well as by the size of the public sector labor force and its composition (i.e., the intensity in the provision of pure public goods), while labor market institutions play a very limited role. Second, we find that in some countries, pay gaps have narrowed down significantly during the recent financial crisis, this decrease being explained by the widespread process of fiscal consolidation rather than by changes in the previous factors. Third, we show that in the log run, openness to international trade and improvements in the institutional quality of governments are associated with decreases in the public-private wage gap. Our findings can be rationalized by a body of research stressing noncompetitive wage settlements in the public sector.
Can public works programs reduce youth crime? Evidence from Papua New Guinea’s Urban Youth Employment Project
Authors: Ivaschenko Oleksiy , Naidoo Darian , Newhouse David , Sultan Sonya 
Published: July 2017

AbstractCrime rates in Papua New Guinea’s capital city of Port Moresby are among the highest in the world. Few youth work, and good jobs are scarce. In 2013, the National Capital District Commission partnered with the World Bank to implement the Urban Youth Employment Project. The project offers out-of-school and out-of-work youth 2 months of public works employment or, for academically qualified candidates, 6 months of classroom and on-the-job training. This paper presents difference-in-differences estimates of project impacts on participants’ social and criminal behavior, 12 to 18 months after completion. The control group consists of observably similar youth living in areas not served by the program. Project participants became less likely to hang out with friends at night, have a best friend involved in crime, and have friends involved in fights or robberies. The program also increased subsequent employment rates and significantly reduced aggressive behavior and gratuitous property damage. However, there is little robust evidence that the program reduced participants’ engagement in or exposure to crime. The study concludes that the program had strong and healthy effects on participants’ peer group and behavior, but more limited effects on the socio-economic causes of crime.
Comprehensive Analysis of the Unfolded Protein Response in Breast Cancer Subtypes
Authors: Jiang Dadi , Turner Brandon , Song Jie , Li Ruijiang , Diehn Maximilian , Le Quynh-Thu , Khatri Purvesh , Koong Albert C. 
Published: July 2017

Purpose Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are associated with a worse prognosis and patients with TNBC have fewer therapeutic options than patients with non-TNBC. Recently, the IRE1α-XBP1 branch of the unfolded protein response (UPR) was implicated in TNBC prognosis on the basis of a relatively small patient population, suggesting the diagnostic and therapeutic value of this pathway in TNBCs. In addition, the IRE1α-XBP1 and hypoxia-induced factor 1 α (HIF1α) pathways have been identified as interacting partners in TNBC, suggesting a novel mechanism of regulation. To comprehensively evaluate and validate these findings, we investigated the relative activities and relevance to patient survival of the UPR and HIF1α pathways in different breast cancer subtypes in large populations of patients. Materials and Methods We performed a comprehensive analysis of gene expression and survival data from large cohorts of patients with breast cancer. The patients were stratified based on the average expression of the UPR or HIF1α gene signatures. Results We identified a strong positive association between the XBP1 gene signature and estrogen receptor–positive status or the HIF1α gene signature, as well as the predictive value of the XBP1 gene signature for survival of patients who are estrogen receptor negative, or have TNBC or HER2+. In contrast, another important UPR branch, the ATF4/CHOP pathway, lacks prognostic value in breast cancer in general. Activity of the HIF1α pathway is correlated with patient survival in all the subtypes evaluated. Conclusion These findings clarify the relevance of the UPR pathways in different breast cancer subtypes and underscore the potential therapeutic importance of the IRE1α-XBP1 branch in breast cancer treatment.
Effect of an Acute Bout of Endurance Exercise on Serum 25(OH)D Concentrations in Young Adults
Authors: Sun Xiaomin , Cao Zhen-Bo , Taniguchi Hirokazu , Tanisawa Kumpei , Higuchi Mitsuru 
Published: July 2017

AbstractContextRegular exercise or high physical activity levels are associated with higher serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations; however, the effect of acute exercise on serum 25(OH)D concentrations remains unclear.ObjectiveWe aimed to clarify whether acute endurance exercise has a direct effect on the circulating 25(OH)D concentrations in young adults.Design and SettingExercise intervention trial in an institutional practice.PatientsTwenty young, active adults (males, n = 10; females, n = 10).InterventionsParticipants were asked to perform a cycling exercise for 30 minutes at 70% maximal oxygen uptake.Main Outcome MeasuresThe serum concentrations of 25(OH)D and other blood parameters were assessed before exercise and at 0, 0.5, 1, 3, and 24 hours after exercise.ResultsThe serum 25(OH)D concentrations were significantly increased not only at 0 (P &lt; 0.01), 1 (P &lt; 0.05), and 3 hours (P &lt; 0.01) after exercise, but they were also increased at 24 hours (P &lt; 0.05) after acute endurance exercise in young adults. A significant sex × time interaction effect was observed (P &lt; 0.05), and the incremental areas under the curve for the 25(OH)D concentrations were significantly higher in men than in the women (P &lt; 0.01).ConclusionsThere is a direct effect of endurance exercise on serum 25(OH)D concentrations. In addition, sex disparity was observed in the serum 25(OH)D response to acute endurance exercise, and the increase in 25(OH)D concentrations was greater in men than in women.
Fatal Carney Complex in Siblings Due to De Novo Large Gene Deletion
Authors: Stelmachowska-Banaś Maria , Zgliczyński Wojciech , Tutka Piotr , Carney J Aidan , Korbonits Márta 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Context
Carney complex (CNC) is a rare multiple neoplasia syndrome involving cardiac, endocrine, neural, and cutaneous tumors and a variety of pigmented skin lesions. CNC can be inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, but in about one-third of patients, the disease is caused by de novo mutation in the PRKAR1A gene localized on chromosome 17q22-24. Most of the mutations include single base substitutions and small deletions/insertions not exceeding 15 base pairs. Recently, large germline PRKAR1A deletions have been described and may cause a more severe phenotype.

Case Description
Herein, we report the cases of two siblings with CNC with a de novo large deletion of 107 kb at 17q24.2 associated with acromegaly in both and primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease, cardiac myxoma, and lethal metastatic melanotic schwannian tumor at the age of 27 years in one of them, supporting the hypothesis that large deletions of PRKAR1A lead to severe disease.

Conclusions
To our knowledge, this is the first description of familial CNC in siblings in which neither parent carried the deletion in blood-derived DNA, suggesting that one of them had germ cell mosaicism for this deletion. Testing for large gene deletions should be obtained in all patients who meet the diagnostic criteria for CNC but do not have a PRKAR1A mutation by Sanger sequencing.
Plasmapheresis in neurological disorders: six years experience from University Clinical center Tuzla
Authors: Sinanović Osman , Zukić Sanela , Burina Adnan , Pirić Nermina , Hodžić Renata , Atić Mirza , Alečković-Halilović Mirna , Mešić Enisa 
Published: July 2017

Background: Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is an extracorporeal blood purification technique that is designed to remove substances with a large molecular weight. The TPE procedure includes removal of antibodies, alloantibodies, immune complexes, monoclonal protein, toxins or cytokines, and involves the replenishment of a specific plasma factor. The aim of the study was to describe the clinical response to TPE in various neurological patients, and to assess the clinical response to this therapy. Methods: The study was retrospective. We analyzed the medical records of 77 patients who were treated at the Department of Neurology, University Clinical Center (UCC) Tuzla from 2011 to 2016. Results: 83 therapeutic plasma exchanges were performed in the 77 patients. There was a slight predominance of male patients (54.5%), with an average age of 51±15.9 years. The most common underlying neurological diseases were Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) (37.7%), then chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) (23.4%), multiple sclerosis (MS) (11.7%) and myasthenia gravis (10.4%). Less frequent neurological diseases that were encountered were paraneoplastic polyneuropathies (5.2%), neuromyelitis optica (also known as Devic’s disease) (3.9%), motor neuron disease (3.9%), polymyositis (2.6%) and multifocal motor neuropathy (1.2%). Conclusions: Six years experience of therapeutic plasma exchange in neurological patients in our department have shown that, following evidence-based guidelines for plasmapheresis, the procedure was most effective in patients with GBS, CIDP and myasthenia gravis.
Capitalismo, refundación y conflicto. La disputa por el espacio-tiempo urbano en Córdoba, Argentina
Authors: Michelazzo Cecilia , Salguero Myers Katrina 
Published: July 2017

En el presente artículo analizaremos las dinámicas de la disputa por el espacio-tiempo urbano en la ciudad de Córdoba, Argentina. Para ello estudiamos el caso de dos barrios lindantes con la zona céntrica de la ciudad: Alberdi y San Vicente. Unidos ambos por ser lugares históricos, con diversidad étnica, social y económica; estos territorios están actualmente en una disputa por la definición de las modalidades y actores que pueden vivir en ellos. En el vasto campo de estudios urbanos, hemos situado nuestros intereses e interrogantes en las maneras en que Córdoba ha sido modificada por la convergencia de políticas públicas e intervenciones privadas que reordenan el espacio en sentido clasista. Analizaremos, así, los procesos de refundación temporal y espacial de estos barrios que los actores “desarrollistas” y empresariales han iniciado, en convergencia con las políticas públicas y los conflictos que se desenvuelven con los habitantes que intentan defender un modo de vida en el territorio. Pretendemos preguntarnos por las lógicas de reproducción del capital en las ciudades periféricas y por las dimensiones materiales, significantes y sensibles que estructuran las experiencias sociales posibles.
Immune evasion in colo-rectal cancer in a cohort of Sudanese patients: possible roles for MHC Class II antigens
Authors: Dafalla Mohammed , Elzaki Kamal , Mohamed Elsagad , Elsafi Mohamed , Mohamed Hatim , Younis Brima , Van Niekerk Chantal , Steenkamp Vanessa , Musa Ahmed , Khalil Eltahir 
Published: July 2017

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer world-wide. The majority of cases occur in the developed world. This prospective study aimed to correlate different human leukocyte antigens (HLA types; HLA DRB1 and DRB3) with the aggressiveness of CRC in Sudanese patients.Methods: Thirty-three patients with histopathologically confirmed CRC were included in the study. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were recorded. Molecular typing for HLA DRB1 (DR1, 7 and 17), DRB3 and DRB4 were carried out using PCR-based Sequence-Specific Primers.Results: Forty percent of the patients were ≤ 50years; with a male to female ratio of 2.5:1. Rectal bleeding was the commonest presenting symptom. While moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma was the dominant histological type. Duke's stages B and C were reported in 54.6% and 42.4% of patients, respectively. No patients presented with Dukes stages A or D. HLA DRB3 was the most frequent allele detected followed by DRB4 and DR17. A higher frequency of the DRB3 allele was found in the peripheral blood when compared with the tumor and apparently normal tissues. HLA DRB3 and DR7 allele frequencies correlated with Duke's stages B and C but not with age, sex or degree of differentiation, while blood DR17 antigen correlated only with the degree of tumor differentiation.Conclusion: CRC was found to have a higher occurrence in younger patients. Tumors were aggressive with advance Duke's stage at presentation. This aggressive nature could possibly be related to either increased HLA DRB3 or DR7 or decreased HLA DR17 levels in the tumor tissue when compared with the blood. No differences between tumor and normal colon tissues were found, in concordance with the multifocally of colon cancer theory.
Health Insurance Coverage and Risky Health Behaviors among Young Adults
Authors: Yörük Barış K. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
This paper investigates the relationship between health insurance coverage and risky health behaviors among young adults using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1997 Cohort (NLSY97). Before the Affordable Care Act required all employers in the United States to provide health insurance to employees’ children until the age of 26 (before September 2010), many health insurance contracts covered dependents up until age 19. Using a regression discontinuity design framework, I find that approximately 6 percent of young adults lose their health insurance coverage once they turn 19. I also find that although losing health insurance coverage at age 19 does not have any significant impact on smoking, marijuana use, and risky sexual behaviors among young adults, it decreases the probability of consuming 5 or more drinks a day by approximately 2 percentage points. These results are robust under several different parametric and non-parametric models and not sensitive to the selection of samples based on gender.
Determination of mode I and mode II fracture toughness of walnut and cherry in TR and RT crack propagation system by the Arcan test
Authors: Murata Koji , Bachtiar Erik Valentine , Niemz Peter 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Two specimen types, each from walnut and cherry wood, were prepared for tangential-radial (TR) and radial-tangential (RT) crack propagation systems at 65% of RH and 20°C before mode I and mode II fracture toughness was determined through Arcan tests. It was found that fracture toughness in mode I is in agreement with literature data. In the mode II test, however, the crack propagated in the direction normal to the shear plane and not parallel to it. The release rate of strain energy in terms of the opening failure in mode II was lower than that in mode I. It can be concluded that it is difficult to determine the fracture toughness of RT or TR propagation in hardwood specimens in mode II.
What makes young people tick? A qualitative analysis of the beliefs and perceptions of school aged children towards PE and healthy living in “the sickest area of Europe”
Authors: Cowley Joe G. , Kiely John , Collins Dave 
Published: July 2017

AbstractScottish children are reported to be among the least active in the world, additionally Scotland has previously been labelled “the sick man of Europe” on account of its poor health record. In response, the Scottish Government has implemented a range of policies with a strong focus on increasing physical activity (PA), Physical Education (PE) and the integration of health and wellbeing (HWB) with the aim of promoting and sustaining PA throughout life. To date, limited qualitative research exploring pupil perspective of PE lessons and HWB exists. To address this deficit, within this study, focus groups were conducted with 39 secondary school pupils (S1–S2). The findings indicated that delivery of traditional PE lessons, prioritising sporting ability, can act as a participation barrier to pupils who consider themselves “non-sporty”. Accordingly, a shift towards pedagogical models, rather than simply blocks of sports-related activities should be the priority of educators.
Rate of teenage pregnancy in Jordan and its impact on maternal and neonatal outcomes
Authors: Khader Yousef S. , Batieha Anwar , Al fursan Rana Kareem , Al-Hader Rami , Hijazi Sa’ad S. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectiveResearch regarding the adverse outcomes of adolescent childbearing has suffered from many limitations such as a small sample size and non-representative samples. This study was conducted to determine the rate of teenage pregnancy among Jordanian adolescents and its associated adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes.MethodsThe study is a part of a comprehensive national study of perinatal mortality that was conducted between 2011 and 2012 in Jordan. All women who gave birth after 20 weeks of gestation in 18 maternity hospitals in Jordan between 2011 and 2012 were invited to participate in the study. Consenting women were interviewed by the trained midwives in these hospitals using a structured questionnaire prepared for the purpose of this study. Additional information was also collected based on the physical examination by the midwife and the obstetrician at admission and at discharge. Data on the newborn were also collected by the pediatric nurses and the neonatologists in these hospitals.ResultsThe overall rate of teenage pregnancy [95% confidence interval (CI) was 6.2% (5.9%, 6.5%)]. Of the studied maternal and neonatal outcomes, women aged <20 years were more likely to deliver prematurely compared to women aged 20–35 years [odds ratio (OR)=1.5, 95% CI: 1.2, 1.9; p < 0.005)]. However, the two groups of women did not differ significantly in low birth weight delivery (OR = 1.2, 95% CI: 0.9, 1.5; p = 0.167) and neonatal mortality (OR = 1.2, 95% CI: 0.8, 1.3; p = 0.491) in the multivariate analysis.ConclusionTeenage pregnancy was associated with increased risk of premature delivery, apart from the effects of socioeconomic factors.
Statistical evaluation of the influence of the uncertainty budget on B-spline curve approximation
Authors: Zhao Xin , Alkhatib Hamza , Kargoll Boris , Neumann Ingo 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
In the field of engineering geodesy, terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) has become a popular method for detecting deformations. This paper analyzes the influence of the uncertainty budget on free-form curves modeled by B-splines. Usually, free-form estimation is based on scanning points assumed to have equal accuracies, which is not realistic. Previous findings demonstrate that the residuals still contain random and systematic uncertainties caused by instrumental, object-related and atmospheric influences. In order to guarantee the quality of derived estimates, it is essential to be aware of all uncertainties and their impact on the estimation.
In this paper, a more detailed uncertainty budget is considered, in the context of the “Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement” (GUM), which leads to a refined, heteroskedastic variance covariance matrix (VCM) of TLS measurements. Furthermore, the control points of B-spline curves approximating a measured bridge are estimated. Comparisons are made between the estimated B-spline curves using on the one hand a homoskedastic VCM and on the other hand the refined VCM. To assess the statistical significance of the differences displayed by the estimates for the two stochastic models, a nested model misspecification test and a non-nested model selection test are described and applied. The test decisions indicate that the homoskedastic VCM should be replaced by a heteroskedastic VCM in the direction of the suggested VCM. However, the tests also indicate that the considered VCM is still inadequate in light of the given data set and should therefore be improved.
Tensile properties of shielded metal arc welded dissimilar joints of nuclear grade ferritic steel and austenitic stainless steel
Authors: Karthick K. , Malarvizhi S. , Balasubramanian V. , Krishnan S.A. , Sasikala G. , Albert Shaju K. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn nuclear power plants, modified 9Cr-1Mo ferritic steel (Grade 91 or P91) is used for constructing steam generators (SG’s) whereas austenitic stainless steel (AISI 316LN) is a major structural member for intermediate heat exchanger (IHX). Therefore, a dissimilar joint between these materials is unavoidable. In this investigation, dissimilar joints were fabricated by Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) process with Inconel 82/182 filler metals. Transverse tensile properties and Charpy V-notch impact toughness for different regions of dissimilar joints of modified 9Cr-1Mo ferritic steel and AISI 316LN austenitic stainless steel were evaluated as per the standards. Microhardness distribution across the dissimilar joint was recorded. Microstructural features of different regions were characterized by optical and scanning electron microscopy. The transverse tensile properties of the joint is found to be inferior to base metals. Impact toughness values of different regions of dissimilar metal weld joint (DMWJ) is slightly higher than the prescribed value. Formation of a soft zone at the outer edge of the HAZ will reduce the tensile properties of DMWJ. The complex microstructure developed at the interfaces of DMWJ will reduce the impact toughness values.