bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exposure to the insecticide endosulfan induces liver morphology alterations and oxidative stress in fruit‐eating bats (Artibeus lituratus)
Authors: Oliveira Jerusa Maria , Brinati Alessandro , Miranda Liany Divina Lima , Morais Danielle Barbosa , Zanuncio José Cola , Gonçalves Reggiani Vilela , Peluzio Maria do Carmo Gouveia , Freitas Mariella Bontempo 
Published: April 2017

SummaryExposure to pesticides may increase the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidation of cell membrane lipids and proteins. Although fruit bats are potentially exposed to pesticides during their entire lifespan, the impacts of this exposure are still poorly investigated. We examined the effects of low, commercially recommended concentrations (0, 1.05 and 2.1 g/l) of an organochlorine insecticide endosulfan (EDS) formulation on oxidative responses in the liver and kidneys of Neotropical fruit bats (Artibeus lituratus), as well as possible liver morphological alterations following a 35‐day oral exposure. Superoxide dismutase activity was significantly decreased upon exposure to 1.05 g/l of EDS in the liver and kidneys, catalase was decreased in the liver of 2.1 g/l EDS‐exposed bats, while glutathione S‐transferase was increased in the liver of 2.1 g/l EDS‐exposed bats. Protein carbonyls increased following the exposure to the highest EDS dose tested. Endosulfan‐induced morphological alterations in the liver included cell degeneration and cell death, with apparent cytoplasm lipid accumulation (steatosis) and pyknotic nuclei, karyolysis and deposit of collagen fibres. Our findings suggest that exposure to low concentrations of EDS induced a certain extent of oxidative damage in fruit bats, which may have led to liver morphological alterations.
In vitro and In vivo studies on intragastric soya protein–polysaccharide gels in a beverage matrix
Authors: Wee May Sui Mei , Yusoff Ruzanna , Chiang Jie Hong , Xu Yunyun 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIntragastric gelation is a mechanism whereby a consumed liquid food gels under the acidic gastric condition. It was hypothesised that intragastric gelation would result in satiety due to delayed gastric emptying. Three treatment beverages that is soya protein isolate (SPI) with λ‐carrageenan (SPI‐LC; high viscosity, gelling), guar gum (SPI‐GG; high viscosity) and no polysaccharide (SPI; low viscosity) were given to twenty participants in a randomised 3 × 3 double‐blind within‐subject crossover design trial and asked to rate their hunger and fullness scores (visual analogue scale; VAS) before and up to 60 min after consumption of the beverage. Results show that there were no significant effects on hunger, fullness and energy intake after consuming the SPI‐LC (gelling) beverage compared to the SPI‐GG beverage, but did evoke weak satiety signals up to 20 min after consumption when compared to the control (low‐viscosity) SPI beverage. Therefore, intragastric gelation does not result in satiety in this study.
Effect of carboxymethyl cellulose/candelilla wax coating containing ascorbic acid on quality of walnut (Juglans regia L.) kernels
Authors: Kowalczyk Dariusz , Zięba Emil , Skrzypek Tomasz , Baraniak Barbara 
Published: April 2017

SummaryWalnut kernels were coated with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)‐based emulsion with and without l‐ascorbic acid (AA). The thickness of the coatings formed on the walnuts ranged from 12 to 360 μm. The results obtained from the thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substance analysis showed that the coating retarded lipid oxidation in walnuts during long‐term storage. The antioxidative action of the CMC‐based coating was not enhanced by incorporation of AA. On the other hand, the coating with AA slightly delayed hydrolytic rancidity of walnuts. More smooth and homogenous surface of walnuts coated with AA led to higher gloss. The acidifying/reductive action of AA lightened the colour of walnuts. Coating (dipping and drying) resulted in partial loss of aromaticity of walnuts.
Laboratory measurement of the direct oral anticoagulants: Indications and impact on management in clinical practice
Authors: Wright C. , Brown R. , Cuker A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAlthough the direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) do not require routine laboratory monitoring, there may be special situations in which measurement of drug levels is desirable. There is a paucity of information on how measurement of DOAC levels is used in clinical practice. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and apixaban levels measured at our institution. Of 9793 patients with an active prescription for dabigatran, rivaroxaban, or apixaban in the electronic medical record during the 2.5‐year study period, 32 (0.33%) patients underwent a total of 37 DOAC measurements. Twenty patients were on rivaroxaban, 12 were on apixaban, and none was on dabigatran. The most common indications for measurement in inpatients were surgery, breakthrough thrombosis, and bleeding. In the ambulatory setting, patient characteristics suspected to lead to derangements in drug levels (eg, extremes of body weight, gastrointestinal malabsorptive disorders) served as a frequent indication. Among preoperative patients, DOAC levels influenced decisions about the timing of surgery. In most outpatients, levels were within expected ranges and affirmed current management. In a small number of patients with breakthrough thrombosis or bleeding, the identification of drug levels below or above expected concentrations led to a change in the anticoagulant regimen. In conclusion, DOAC measurement was infrequently requested. Indications differed between hospitalized patients and outpatients. Clinical response varied by drug level and indication.
Does morphology matter in 2017? An approach to morphologic clues in non‐neoplastic blood and bone marrow disorders
Authors: Chabot‐Richards D. S. , Foucar K. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractNumerous non‐neoplastic and neoplastic conditions manifest with distinctive features in blood. Although automated complete blood count (CBC) data are essential, CBC information alone is insufficient for diagnosis. Consequently, morphologic review of blood smears is still relevant in the era of sophisticated automated analyzer systems. Pathologist interpretation of the peripheral blood smear, in conjunction with CBC and clinical information, can provide rapid diagnostic information and guide cost‐effective targeted laboratory testing. Pathologist review of blood smears can be used to diagnose cases in which the clinical findings are misleading or nonspecific. Here, we discuss a selection of cases in which the pathologist examination of the blood smear can aid in rapid and accurate diagnosis and guide appropriate treatment. Exemplary non‐neoplastic disorders with distinctive morphologic blood features of RBC, neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes will be highlighted. The differential diagnostic considerations in blood smears with RBC destruction will be presented, expanding beyond microangiopathic hemolytic anemia. Lymphocyte morphologic assessment guides differential diagnosis including the identification of rare germline disorders. In each case presented, the integration of morphologic features guided additional testing with confirmation of the diagnosis. Peripheral blood smear review is timely and cost effective, even in an era of sophisticated automated laboratory testing.
Microfluidics in flow cytometry and related techniques
Authors: Béné M. C. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractTechnological advances in laboratory automation are now well understood and applied as they considerably improved the speed and robustness of haematological laboratory data, in the companion fields of blood analyzers and flow cytometry. Still rather confidential is the field of microfluidics, mostly confined so far to academic settings and research laboratories. The literature in the field of microfluidics is growing and applications in hematology range from cell counting to flow cytometry, cell sorting, or ex vivo testing. A literature search allows to identify many innovative solutions developed to master the specific physics of fluid movements in microchips. Miniaturization also dwells on findings that have emerged from different areas such as electronics and nanoengineering. This review proposes an overview of the major principles guiding developments in microfluidics and describes a necessarily limited and nonexhaustive series of specific applications. Readers are strongly encouraged to consult the documents referred to in the references section to learn more about this world knocking at our door and possibly liable to revolutionize our profession of hematology biologists in a not so far future.
Optimal utilization of thrombophilia testing
Authors: Pruthi R. K. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe global incidence of venous thromboembolism is high so laboratory testing for hereditary thrombophilia and selected acquired thrombophilia is common. Given the costs associated with testing and multiple pre‐analytic and analytic variables affecting the assays, careful patient selection and timing of testing and diligent application to patient management are critical to providing high‐value clinical care. Collaboration between the ordering providers and performing laboratories has the potential to achieve these goals. Herein, utility of thrombophilia testing, variables that affect the assays, and impact on patient management are reviewed. Where available, information on cost‐effectiveness is discussed.
The challenge of pension reform in Georgia: Non‐contributory pensions and elderly poverty
Authors: Nutsubidze Tamila , Nutsubidze Khatuna 
Published: April 2017

AbstractGeorgia's national social security system offers almost universal non‐contributory basic pension coverage. The basic pension has, to date, proved effective in dealing with old‐age poverty. But Georgia's fiscal constraints and ageing population also highlight the importance of improving the pension system, in order to ensure its sustainability. This article presents policy reform choices, which suggest that, in Georgia, pension reform might include increasing the statutory retirement ages and reducing the generosity of benefits through means testing. The case of the Georgian non‐contributory basic pension might hold value for some low‐ and middle‐income countries that are considering the implementation of, or expanding coverage under, a non‐contributory pension programme.
Electrical transport and thermoelectric properties of Ca0.8Y0.2−xDyxMnO3−δ (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2)
Authors: Seo Jang Woo , Cha Jaesung , Won Sung Ok , Park Kyeongsoon 
Published: April 2017

AbstractCa0.8Y0.2−xDyxMnO3−δ (0≤x≤0.2) samples were fabricated by the solid‐state reaction method, and their thermoelectric properties were studied from 500°C to 800°C. Upon the substitution of Dy3+ for Y3+ in the Ca0.8Y0.2−xDyxMnO3−δ, the electrical and thermal conductivities gradually decreased with increasing Dy3+ concentration, whereas the absolute value of the Seebeck coefficient significantly increased. The Ca0.8Dy0.2MnO3−δ showed the largest value of dimensionless figure of merit (0.180) at 800°C as a result of the combination of the largest absolute value of the Seebeck coefficient and the lowest thermal conductivity. We believe that the Ca0.8Dy0.2MnO3−δ is a promising thermoelectric material at high temperatures.
Improving mastery of fractions by blending video games into the Math classroom
Authors: Masek M. , Boston J. , Lam C.P. , Corcoran S. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractConcepts from the Australian mathematics curriculum on fractions were used as core elements to design three computer games. In each game, the concepts were presented in the form of tangible puzzles, customized to a difficulty level based on student capability. The games were integrated into a single virtual game world, and a fantasy story was used to help build a compelling experience. Five Year 6 classes were used to evaluate the game over four weeks. Three of the classes were provided with the games, and two served as a control. Both the intervention and control groups also covered fractions in class as part of the regular teaching program, consisting of instructor led content combined with access to online resources and activities. Participants completed a diagnostic test before the trial, and again at the end, designed to assess competence in the fractions concepts targeted by the game. Results show that on average students who had access to the game in addition to the regular teaching scored higher than control group students. In particular, looking at just students who started with a lower level of fractions skills, greater improvement was seen in those that had access to the game.
Mindfulness training for parents of children with special needs: Guidance for nurses in mental health practice
Authors: Petcharat Manika , Liehr Patricia 
Published: April 2017

AbstractProblemParents of children with special needs encounter specific challenges in carrying out their caregiving roles. They experience difficulty accepting their children due to unrealistically high expectations. Mindfulness training (MT) may increase parental psychological well‐being and acceptance.ObjectiveThe purpose of this article is to examine the evidence‐base for the effectiveness of MT in enhancing psychological well‐being for parents of children with special needs as a foundation for guidance for nurses in mental health practice.MethodsA literature review of relevant research studies was undertaken using specific inclusion criteria. The literature was derived from three databases that identified 56 articles narrowed to 5, which met inclusion criteria.FindingsThe studies indicated that cultivating a more mindful way of parenting is associated with reduced stress, anxiety, and depression. Parents experienced increased mindful awareness and improved psychological well‐being, and they were more accepting of their children. Their children also had fewer behavior problems and enhanced positive interaction with their parents. Because mindfulness interventions fall within the scope of independent nursing practice, nurses can play a significant role in applying mindfulness to promote psychological well‐being in parents who have children with special needs.
Research Review: Childhood chronic physical illness and adult emotional health – a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Secinti Ekin , Thompson Ellen J. , Richards Marcus , Gaysina Darya 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundChildhood chronic physical illness is associated with a greater vulnerability for emotional problems (i.e. depression and anxiety) in childhood. However, little is known about life‐long effects of childhood chronic physical illness on mental health. The present study aims to systematically review evidence for associations between eight chronic physical illnesses with childhood onset (arthritis, asthma, cancer, chronic renal failure, congenital heart disease, cystic fibrosis, type 1 diabetes, and epilepsy) and adult emotional problems.MethodsA database search of MEDLINE, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO, and ScienceDirect was undertaken, and random effects meta‐analyses were used to synthesise evidence from eligible studies.ResultsIn total, 37 studies were eligible for the systematic review (n = 45,733) and of these, 34 studies were included in the meta‐analyses (n = 45,358). There were overall associations between childhood chronic physical illness and adult depression (OR = 1.31; 95% CI [1.12, 1.54]) and anxiety (OR = 1.47; 95% CI [1.13, 1.92]). Separate meta‐analyses for childhood asthma, type 1 diabetes and cancer were also conducted, with cancer being significantly associated with adult depression (OR = 1.19; 95% CI [1.00, 1.42]).ConclusionsThe effects of childhood chronic physical illness on the risk of emotional problems persist beyond childhood and adolescence. Mental health prevention and intervention strategies targeting children with chronic physical illnesses can have long‐term benefits.
Topical antiviral and antifungal medications in pregnancy: a review of safety profiles
Authors: Patel V.M. , Schwartz R.A. , Lambert W.C. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMedications should be employed with caution in women of childbearing age who are pregnant or considering pregnancy. Compared to oral or parenteral agents, topical medications have limited systemic absorption and are deemed safer. However, their safety profile must be assessed cautiously due to the limited available data. In this article, we aggregate human and animal studies to provide recommendations on utilizing topical antiviral and antifungal medications in pregnancy. For antiviral medications, acyclovir and trichloroacetic acid are safe to use in pregnancy. Docosanol, imiquimod and penciclovir are likely safe, but should be utilized as second‐line agents. Podofilox and podophyllin resin should be avoided. For antifungal medications, clotrimazole, miconazole and nystatin are considered first‐line agents. Butenafine, ciclopirox, naftifine, oxiconazole and terbinafine may be utilized after the above agents. Econazole should be avoided during the first trimester and used sparingly during 2nd and 3rd trimester. Ketoconazole and selenium sulphide are likely safe, but should be employed in limited areas for brief periods.
Corrosion of aluminum for beverage packaging in acidic media containing chlorides and copper ions
Authors: Soares Beatriz Maria Curtio , Dantas Sílvia Tondella , Anjos Carlos Alberto Rodrigues 
Published: April 2017

AbstractCorrosion of aluminum packaging plays an important role concerning economic and health issues. The effect of aggressive ions on the behavior of the AA3104‐H19 alloy provides knowledge to the food and packaging industries to improve materials and also minimizes losses associated with the corrosion. This study evaluated the interaction of the AA3104‐H19 alloy and beverage using model solutions containing chloride and copper at levels close to those found in soft drinks. The results show changes in the material at very low ion concentrations, as well as the synergistic effect of both ions in the solution.Practical applicationsCorrosion of soft drink aluminum cans is a severe industrial problem that results in huge losses of food and material, having important financial and environmental impacts. Information about the corrosion electrochemical behavior of aluminum alloys used for food and beverage is very scarce. This study evaluated the interaction of the AA3104‐H19 alloy and model solutions containing chloride and copper at levels close to those found in soft drinks. The obtained results will allow researchers to better understand the interaction between beverages and packaging, also improving the packaging materials (metal and polymeric coating) to be used in contact with soft drinks. It also helps the industry to better design both packaging and products.
Pseudosection modelling and garnet Lu–Hf geochronology of HP amphibole schists constrain the closure of an ocean basin between the northern and southern Lhasa blocks, central Tibet
Authors: Cao D.D. , Cheng H. , Zhang L. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe P–T–t path of high‐P metamorphic rocks in subduction zones may reveal valuable information regarding the tectonic processes along convergent plate boundaries. Herein, we present a detailed petrological, pseudosection modelling and radiometric dating study of several amphibole schists of oceanic affinity from the Lhasa Block, Tibet. The amphibole schists experienced an overall clockwise P–T path that was marked by post‐Pmax heating–decompression and subsequent isothermal decompression following the attainment of peak high‐P and low‐T conditions (~490°C and 1.6 GPa). Pseudosection modelling shows that the amphibole schists underwent water‐unsaturated conditions during prograde metamorphism, and the stability field of the assemblage extends to lower temperatures and higher pressures within the water‐unsaturated condition relative to water‐saturated model along the prograde path. The high‐P amphibole schists were highly reduced during retrograde metamorphism. Precise evaluation of the ferric iron conditions determined from the different compositions of epidote inclusions in garnet and matrix epidote is crucial for a true P–T estimate by garnet isopleth thermobarometry. Lu–Hf isotope analyses on garnet size separates from a garnet‐bearing amphibole schist yield four two‐point garnet–whole‐rock isochron ages from 228.2 ± 1.2 Ma to 224.3 ± 1.2 Ma. These Lu–Hf dates are interpreted to constrain the period of garnet growth and approximate the timing of prograde metamorphism because of the low peak metamorphic temperature of the rock and the well‐preserved Mn/Lu growth zoning in garnet. The majority of zircon U–Pb dates provide no constraints on the timing of metamorphism; however, two concordant U–Pb dates of 222.4 ± 3.9 Ma and 223.3 ± 4.2 Ma were obtained from narrow and uncommon metamorphic rims. Coexistence of zircon and sphene in the samples implies that the metamorphic zircon growth was likely assisted by retrogression of rutile to sphene during exhumation. The near coincident radiometric dates of zircon U–Pb and garnet Lu–Hf indicate rapid burial and exhumation of the amphibole schists, suggesting a closure time of c. 224–223 Ma for the fossil ocean basin between the northern and southern Lhasa blocks.
Moving forward with the neuromuscular junction
Authors: Legay Claire , Mei Lin 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is indispensable for survival. This synapse between motoneurons and skeletal muscle fibers allows posture, movement and respiration. Therefore, its dysfunction creates pathologies than can be lethal. The molecular mechanisms of NMJ development and maintenance are the subject of intensive studies. This mini‐review focuses on some of the most recent discoveries. An unexpected role for a protein, rapsyn, which has been known for 40 years to aggregate acetylcholine receptors has emerged. A new cell partner at NMJ has been unmasked and is challenging our understanding of the functioning of this synapse. Toxins are now used as new tools to study degeneration/regeneration. The possibility of creating human NMJ in vitro is within reach with major consequences for drug screening. Wnts are secreted neurogenic factors that have been involved in vitro in acetylcholine receptor clustering, but their precise role in vivo remains to be clarified. All these data are raising new and exciting perspectives in the field and are discussed in this Review.This is an article for the special issue XVth International Symposium on Cholinergic Mechanisms.
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