bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of DC 48 V on Automotive Power Supply Systems: Comparison with DC 42 V and Future View under DC 60 V
Authors: TERATANI TATSUO 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYIn the twenty‐first century, rapid advances are being made in the electric propulsion of vehicles as a countermeasure of global warming. In addition, CO2 emissions from all vehicles are to be stringently regulated to 95 g/km by 2020. Thus, most automakers around the world have had to develop not only hybrid electric vehicles, but also conventional internal combustion engine with energy‐saving technology. Battery technology (Li‐ion) and semiconductor technology (SiC and GaN) for automotive power supply systems have proceeded to the mass‐production stage. In 2011, Verband der Automobilindustrie (German OEMs and suppliers) announced the adoption of DC 48 V for the market of 2020. In this paper, we analyze the needs and impact of DC 48 V and compare it with DC 42 V (current technology). We also try to portray the future view under DC 60 V for automotive power supply systems.
Design Method for EMI Filters Connected to Both dc and ac ports of a Residential‐Use Photovoltaic Power Conditioner
Authors: OMATA SHINPEI , SHIMIZU TOSHIHISA 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYElectro‐magnetic interface (EMI) noise radiated from the dc cable of photovoltaic power conditioner systems (PCSs) is a serious problem for radio transmission equipment. In order to prevent the interference, the International Special Committee on Radio Interface (CISPR) is discussing to determine a noise regulation value for this issue. To reduce the radiated noise, this paper studies the attenuation characteristics of EMI filters that are connected to both the dc and the ac sides of the PCS. In this paper, it is pointed out that the EMI filters do not show their own attenuation characteristics if those are connected to the PCS. In particular, when EMI filters are connected to both the dc and the ac sides of the PCS, a specific series resonant frequency is observed and deteriorates the attenuation characteristics of both EMI filters. In order to prevent this problem, a design method for EMI filters which can reduce the common‐mode EMI noise effectively, is proposed in this paper. Further, the effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed through experiments.
Family Functioning in Adolescents with Binge‐Eating Disorder
Authors: Tetzlaff Anne , Schmidt Ricarda , Brauhardt Anne , Hilbert Anja 
Published: July 2016

AbstractObjectiveWhile the importance of family factors on the development and maintenance of adolescent anorexia and bulimia nervosa has been well documented, virtually nothing is known about these impacts in binge‐eating disorder (BED). Therefore, this study sought to examine family functioning (FF) in families of adolescents with BED.MethodA total of 40 adolescents meeting diagnostic criteria for full‐syndrome or sub‐threshold BED were compared to 40 matched adolescents without any eating disorder symptoms (CG). Adolescents', mothers', and fathers' perspectives of various FF components were assessed using self‐report questionnaires.ResultsAdolescents with BED reported significantly less emotionality and affective involvement, and lower adaptability compared to the CG, although all FF subscales fell within the normal range (T score < 60).ConclusionsThis study provided evidence for decreased FF in families with an adolescent with BED. Further research is needed to clarify associations between FF and the onset and course of BED. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
A combined field, laboratory and numerical study of the forces applied to, and the potential for removal of, bar top vegetation in a braided river
Authors: Bankhead Natasha L. , Thomas Robert E. , Simon Andrew 
Published: July 2016

AbstractVegetation can have an important role in controlling channel planform, through its effects on channel roughness, and root‐reinforcement of bank and bar materials. Along the Platte River in central Nebraska, USA, The Platte River Recovery Implementation Program (PRRIP) has been tasked with managing the planform of the river to benefit endangered species. To investigate the potential use of planned short duration high flow (SDHF) events to manage bar vegetation, this study combined several approaches to determine whether flows of up to 227 m3s−1 through the central Platte River, could remove cottonwood, Phragmites and reed canarygrass stands of various ages and densities from in‐channel bars. First, fieldwork was carried out to measure the uprooting resistance, and resistance to bending for each species. Second, a set of flume experiments was carried out to measure the forces exerted on the three species of interest under different flow conditions. Finally, a numerical study comparing drag forces (driving) measured in the flume study, with uprooting forces (resisting) measured in the field, was carried out for each species to determine the likelihood of plant removal by SDHF events. Results showed that plants with more than a year of root growth, likely cannot be removed through drag and local scour alone, even at the 100‐year recurrence interval discharge. At most, a few cottonwood seedlings could be removed from bars through drag, scour and undercutting, where rooting depths are still small. The results presented here help us further understand the positive feedbacks that lead to the creation of permanent, vegetated bars rather than mobile braided channels. As such, the findings could help inform management decisions for other braided rivers, and the combined field, flume and modeling techniques used in this study could be applied to other fluvial systems where vegetation and planform dynamics are of interest. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hexaphenoxycyclotriphosphazene as FR for CFR anionic PA6 via T‐RTM: a study of mechanical and thermal properties
Authors: Höhne Carl‐Christoph , Wendel Rainer , Käbisch Bert , Anders Thorsten , Henning Frank , Kroke Edwin 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThe production of carbon fiber reinforced (CFR) anionic polyamide 6 (APA6) plates by thermoplastic resin transfer molding (T‐RTM) processing is highly sensitive to the presence of polymer additives such as flame retardants (FRs). However, APA6 is flammable, and therefore, it is mandatory to protect the polymer matrix, especially if the produced materials are intended for aerospace applications. Typically used FR for PA6 cannot be incorporated in the T‐RTM processes. With hexaphenoxycyclotriphosphazene, an incorporable and effective FR additive for CFR APA6 was discovered. Cone calorimetry measurements indicate a char formation‐based mechanism, and the flame retardancy was further confirmed with limiting oxygen index tests, classification by UL94 (V‐0), and FAR25 tests. The influence of this FR on the thermal (thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry) and mechanical behavior (flexural, compressive and ultimate tensile strength, and Charpy impact tests) on CFR APA6 produced via T‐RTM processing is evaluated and indicates no interaction with the APA6; it works as a passive filler. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Electrochemical Effectiveness Model and Its Implication for Performance Loss Due to Electrode Microstructural Degradation in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Baek S. M. , Shin D. , Sohn S. , Nam J. H. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe electrochemical performance of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) is known to depend strongly on the electrode microstructure. Based on the electrochemical effectiveness model recently explored by the authors, this study proposes a theoretical model for the reduction of current generation performance due to microstructural degradation. The effects of the three‐phase boundary length (TPBL) and the effective ionic conductivity are predicted for three distinct operating regimes: low (<0.05), intermediate (0.5–2), and high (>3) Thiele moduli. Numerical experiments are performed to simulate the performance loss due to electrode degradation using polarization resistances derived from experimental studies, the results of which are compared with the predictions of the theoretical model to investigate its reliability.
The Effect of Introducing a Minimum Price on the Distribution of Alcohol Purchase: A Counterfactual Analysis
Authors: Sharma Anurag , Etilé Fabrice , Sinha Kompal 
Published: July 2016

SummaryWe use counterfactual analysis techniques to evaluate the impact of a $2 minimum unit price (MUP) on the distribution of Australian (Victorian) household off‐trade alcohol purchases. Our estimates suggest that a $2 MUP significantly reduces the purchases of at‐risk households by up to −0.92 [90% CI: −1.55, −0.28] standard drinks at the highest quantiles and has substantially less effect on households purchasing at light and moderate levels. A $2 MUP may reduce the proportions of male and female shoppers purchasing at the public health threshold of more than two standard drinks per household member per day by −3.03 [90% CI: −4.83, −1.22] percentage points (relative variation: −17%); and −1.85 [90% CI: −2.60, −1.10] percentage points (relative variation:−22%), respectively. Implementing an MUP on alcohol thus promises significant positive impacts on public health. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Joint Bayesian Analysis of Parameters and States in Nonlinear non‐Gaussian State Space Models
Authors: Barra István , Hoogerheide Lennart , Koopman Siem Jan , Lucas André 
Published: July 2016

SummaryWe propose a new methodology for designing flexible proposal densities for the joint posterior density of parameters and states in a nonlinear, non‐Gaussian state space model. We show that a highly efficient Bayesian procedure emerges when these proposal densities are used in an independent Metropolis–Hastings algorithm or in importance sampling. Our method provides a computationally more efficient alternative to several recently proposed algorithms. We present extensive simulation evidence for stochastic intensity and stochastic volatility models based on Ornstein–Uhlenbeck processes. For our empirical study, we analyse the performance of our methods for corporate default panel data and stock index returns. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ethanol as complementary carbon source in Scenedesmus obliquus cultivation
Authors: Matsudo Marcelo C , Sousa Thaís F , Pérez‐Mora Lina S , Bezerra Raquel P , Sato Sunao , Carvalho João CM 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDEthanol may be an attractive carbon source for microorganism growth for the production of several biomolecules. Nonetheless, high amounts of ethanol may be harmful for microbial cells. This study evaluated the effect of adding ethanol to the cultivation of Scenedesmus obliquus, under batch and fed‐batch processes.RESULTSA single addition of ethanol up to 460.00 mg L−1 did not influence cell growth, but above this threshold, different concentrations of ethanol had positive effects on maximum cell concentration. On the other hand, when ethanol was added daily for a period of 10 days, even the smallest ethanol feed rate (5.75 mg L−1 d−1; total added ethanol concentration = 57.5 mg L−1) positively influenced maximum cell concentration. Daily addition of 368 mg L−1 (fed‐batch culture; total added ethanol concentration = 3680 mg L−1) allowed the best cell growth of this study, with maximum cell concentration of 1068.70 mg L−1 and cell productivity of 113 ± 7.13 mg L−1 d−1. Under this condition, the maximum specific growth rate and maximum cell concentration obtained with mixotrophic growth were 2.83 and 2.70 times higher, respectively, than those obtained with autotrophic growth.CONCLUSIONCultures supplied with ethanol significantly improved cell growth. Addition of ethanol by a fed‐batch process allowed the highest biomass production with a total added ethanol concentration that hindered cell growth by batch process. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Continuous cane sugar inversion process using immobilized invertase
Authors: Koli Aditya C , Gaikar Vilas G 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDSugarcane juice is mostly used by industry for manufacturing sucrose and invert sugars. However, during enzymatic processing of raw sugarcane juice for an extended period of time, maintaining enzyme stability is a major bottleneck in food and agricultural industries. The present work reports use of invertase immobilized on glutaraldehyde crosslinked chitosan beads, for continuous inversion of sugarcane juice for an extended period of time.RESULTSComplete inversion of clarified sugarcane juice was obtained in a continuous process for 4 days at an optimized flow rate of 0.3 cm3 min−1 and at a room temperature of 303 K. Only 4% decrease was seen in inversion efficiency up to the 7th day. Adsorptive behaviour of invert sugars on chitosan in the column led to a delay in product equilibrium. The immobilized invertase exhibited the maximum rate of reaction at a sucrose concentration of 0.5 mol dm−3 showing good stability in the pH range 3.0 to 6.0 and temperature range 30 °C to 60 °C.CONCLUSIONSThe covalent immobilization of invertase on chitosan beads enhanced enzyme stability and as a result, the enzyme became more resistant to denaturation during storage and reuse compared with the free enzyme. Thus, better conversion was obtained in the continuous inversion of sugarcane juice for extended periods of time. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Measurements of Propanal Ignition Delay Times and Species Time Histories Using Shock Tube and Laser Absorption
Authors: Koroglu Batikan , Vasu Subith S. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTPropanal is an aldehyde intermediate formed during the hydrocarbon combustion process. Potentially, the use of oxygenated biofuels reduces greenhouse gas emissions; however, it also results in increased toxic aldehyde by‐products, mainly formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein, and propanal. These aldehydes are carcinogenic, and therefore it is important to understand their formation and destruction pathways in combustion systems. In this work, ignition delay times were measured behind reflected shock waves for stoichiometric (Φ = 1) mixtures of propanal (CH3CH2CHO) and oxygen (O2) in argon bath gas at temperatures of 1129 K < T < 1696 K and pressures around 1 and 6 atm. Measurements were conducted using the kinetics shock tube facility at the University of Central Florida. Current results were compared to available data in the literature as well as to the predictions of three propanal combustion kinetic models: Politecnico di Milano (POLIMI), National University of Ireland at Galway, and McGill mechanisms. In addition, a continuous wave‐distributed feedback interband cascade laser centered at 3403.4 nm was used for measuring methane (CH4) and propanal time histories behind the reflected shock waves during propanal pyrolysis. Concentration time histories were obtained at temperatures between 1192 and 1388 K near 1 atm. Sensitivity analysis was carried for both ignition delay time and pyrolysis measurements to reveal the important reactions that were crucial to predicting the current experimental results. Adjustments to the POLIMI mechanism were adopted to better match the experimental data. Further research was suggested for the H abstraction reaction rates of propanal. In addition to extending the temperature and pressure region of literature ignition delay times, we provide the first high‐temperature species concentration time histories during propanal pyrolysis.
Photonics for microwave measurements
Authors: Zou Xihua , Lu Bing , Pan Wei , Yan Lianshan , Stöhr Andreas , Yao Jianping 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAs an emerging topic, photonic‐assisted microwave measurements with distinct features such as wide frequency coverage, large instantaneous bandwidth, low frequency‐dependent loss, and immunity to electromagnetic interference, have been extensively studied recently. In this article, we provide a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in photonic microwave measurements, including microwave spectrum analysis, instantaneous frequency measurement, microwave channelization, Doppler frequency‐shift measurement, angle‐of‐arrival detection, time–frequency analysis, compressive sensing, and phase‐noise measurement. A photonic microwave radar, as a functional measurement system, is also reviewed. The performance of the photonic measurement solutions is evaluated and compared with the electronic solutions. Future prospects using photonic integrated circuits and software‐defined architectures to further improve the measurement performance are also discussed.
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Multifractional microablative laser combined with spacially modulated ablative (SMA) technology for facial skin rejuvenation
Authors: Hersant Barbara , SidAhmed‐Mezi Mounia , Chossat Adrien , Meningaud Jean Paul 
Published: July 2016

Background and ObjectiveDue to the increasing demand for aesthetic procedures, especially facial aesthetic surgery, a new laser technology has been developed for facial skin rejuvenation and wrinkle treatment. The aim of this study was to objectively and subjectively assess the clinical efficacy and safety of Erbium:YAG laser combined with Spatially Modulated Ablation (Er:YAG + SMA) on facial skin rejuvenation.Study Design/Materials and MethodsPatients with Fitzpatrick skin type's I–IV were prospectively included. Inclusion criteria consisted of having wrinkles and irregular skin texture. All patients underwent two Er:YAG + SMA sessions (1 month apart) to stimulate tissue regeneration. Er:YAG laser emits wavelength at 2,940 nm and when combined with SMA, a resonance effect is produced in the dermis to promote tissue regeneration. Facial skin elasticity and firmness were objectively assessed by Cutometer at baseline and month 6 (M6). Aesthetic improvement was qualitatively assessed using digital photographs. Patient satisfaction with regard to their facial appearance was self‐assessed using the validated FACE‐Q scale and the patient‐perceived age VAS scale at baseline, M1, and M6. Side effects were investigated after each session.ResultsThirty‐four patients were included, 50% (18 patients) had Fitzpatrick skin type III and 41% (14 patients) were smokers. Skin elasticity indices were significantly improved: from 0.335 ± 0.015 at baseline to 0.387 ± 0.021 at M6 (P = 0.05*) for R5 (net elasticity). Skin firmness was assessed through R7 (biological elasticity) and R6 (viscoelastic ratio) at baseline and M6: a significant increase from 0.235 ± 0.01 to 0.2709 ± 0.009 (P < 0.03**) and decrease from 0.486 ± 0.022 to 0.3918 ± 0.023 (P < 0.006***) were respectively observed. A negative value for R6 corresponded to an improved skin condition. The FACE‐Q scores were significantly increased from 39.4 ± 6.7 at baseline to 45.4 ± 9.1 at M1 (P < 0.006***) and 50.4 ± 9.8 at M6 (P < 0.0001***), reflecting wrinkle reduction and enhanced rejuvenation. According to the age appraisal VAS scale, results showed that patients felt younger by −2.92 years at M1 (P < 0.0001***) and −4.13 years (P < 0.0001***) at M6. No adverse reaction was reported.ConclusionThe Er:YAG + SMA technology offers an effective and safe treatment alternative for facial skin rejuvenation. It reduces the recovery time compared to conventional lasers such as carbon dioxide laser. Lasers Surg. Med. 49:78–83, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Neurodegeneration With Brain Iron Accumulation (NBIA) Syndromes Presenting With Late‐Onset Craniocervical Dystonia: An Illustrative Case Series‎
Authors: Brugger Florian , Kägi Georg , Pandolfo Massimo , Mencacci Niccolò E. , Batla Amit , Wiethoff Sarah , Bhatia Kailash P. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractView Supplementary Video 1Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) mostly has its disease onset in childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood and usually presents with predominant bulbar and axial dystonia along with signs such as spasticity, indicating an involvement of additional neurological systems. Because of their early onset and presentation with a combination of dystonia plus other neurological symptoms, they are usually not considered as differential diagnosis for late‐onset isolated (idiopathic) craniocervical dystonia. In this case series, we present 4 genetically proven cases of NBIA (including neuroferritinopathy, pantothenate‐kinase‐associated neurodegeneration, and aceruloplasminemia) with late disease onset, which resembled isolated adult‐onset craniocervical dystonia at disease onset. We also want to highlight the importance of taking NBIA into consideration when dealing with putatively isolated late‐onset dystonias and of picking up unusual signs at later stages of the disease.
Systematic analysis of clinical deficits in unilateral hypoglossal nerve palsy
Authors: Yu Yeyao Joe , Warman Chardon Jodi , Bourque Pierre R. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe clinical characteristics of unilateral hypoglossal neuropathy have not been systematically analyzed.MethodsWe documented subjective abnormalities of speech and swallowing, and photographed 9 specific tongue movements and positions. Objective deficits were scored independently by 2 examiners.ResultsEight patients were analyzed. Some degree of dysarthria and dysphagia was noticed by 7 and 8 patients, respectively, mostly resolving within a few months. In all subjects, there was contralateral deviation of the tongue at rest and ipsilateral deviation upon forward protrusion. Furthermore, 7 of 8 patients had deficits in using the tongue to indent the ipsilateral cheek and cover the upper lip.ConclusionsUnilateral hypoglossal nerve palsy produces mostly subtle and transient patient symptoms, even when complete. Beyond the classic sign of ipsilateral deviation on protrusion, reliable signs are contralateral deviation at rest, paresis of ipsilateral movement inside the mouth, and paresis of elevation of the tongue tip. Muscle Nerve 54: 1055–1058, 2016
Nonlinear pricing with consumer satiation
Authors: Xiong Hui , Chen Ying‐Ju 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn various scenarios, consumers may become satiated with products, and the degree of satiation is directly associated with their prior experiences. Confronted with consumer satiation, the seller is unable to either identify consumers who have a higher likelihood of being satiated ex ante or distinguish satiated from non‐satiated consumers ex post. Therefore, the seller should address dynamic selling, valuation uncertainty, and quantity decisions, all of which are important operational issues. We consider a two‐period problem in which consumer types are influenced by their prior consumption experiences. Faced with these consumers, the seller intends to optimize quantities and adjust the prices of the products in each period to maximize revenue. We find that the seller may reduce ex ante production quantity as some consumers become satiated. Moreover, the ex ante quantity is first decreasing and then increasing with regard to the satiation rate. Furthermore, two‐period information asymmetries may provide a rationale for upward distortion in quantity when consumer preferences are highly sensitive to first‐period consumption. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 63: 386–400, 2016