bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Easiness of Legal Access to Concealed Firearm Permits and Homicide Rates in the United States
Authors: Siegel Michael , Xuan Ziming , Ross Craig S. , Galea Sandro , Kalesan Bindu , Fleegler Eric , Goss Kristin A. 
Published: October 2017

Objectives. To examine the relation of “shall-issue” laws, in which permits must be issued if requisite criteria are met; “may-issue” laws, which give law enforcement officials wide discretion over whether to issue concealed firearm carry permits or not; and homicide rates. Methods. We compared homicide rates in shall-issue and may-issue states and total, firearm, nonfirearm, handgun, and long-gun homicide rates in all 50 states during the 25-year period of 1991 to 2015. We included year and state fixed effects and numerous state-level factors in the analysis. Results. Shall-issue laws were significantly associated with 6.5% higher total homicide rates, 8.6% higher firearm homicide rates, and 10.6% higher handgun homicide rates, but were not significantly associated with long-gun or nonfirearm homicide. Conclusions. Shall-issue laws are associated with significantly higher rates of total, firearm-related, and handgun-related homicide.
Neonicotinoid Seed Treatments: Limitations and Compatibility with Integrated Pest Management
Authors: Tooker John F. , Douglas Margaret R. , Krupke Christian H. 
Published: October 2017

Core Ideas
Recent educational offerings incompletely addressed neonicotinoid seed coatings.
These insecticidal coatings are common on corn, soybean, and other crop seeds.
Current use patterns violate core principles of integrated pest management.
We present an overview of these products, focusing on some key limitations.
Deploying neonicotinoids more judiciously will reduce their negative side effects.
Educational materials guiding the use of pesticides are often sponsored or co‐created by pesticide manufacturers, raising potential conflicts of interest. For example, early in 2017, two registrant‐sponsored webinars from the American Society of Agronomy addressed benefits of neonicotinoid seed coatings, which are routinely applied to seeds of many field crops. While these products can protect yield in certain situations, they also carry significant limitations; unfortunately, these presentations avoided such downsides. Here, we provide an overview of key limitations of neonicotinoid seed treatments (NST). First, we address Integrated Pest Management (IPM) and how current use of NST violates its key principles and ignores lessons learned. Second, we address inconsistent yield responses, resistance concerns, and nontarget effects. Third, we return to IPM to discuss how this proven framework can be used to more effectively guide and steward NST to avoid mounting reports of negative side effects.
Correlation of Field‐Moist, Oven‐Dry, and Air‐Dry Soil Potassium for Mid‐Atlantic USA Soybean
Authors: Williams Anna S. , Parvej Md. Rasel , Holshouser David L. , Frame William H. , Reiter Mark S. 
Published: October 2017

Core Ideas
Soil K extracted by each processing method were similar and strongly correlated with relative yield.
Soil K from FM, AD, and OD soils were equally good in predicting yield response to fertilizer‐K.
Soil drying should not be an issue of concern in extracting soil K from soils in the US Mid‐Atlantic.
The extractable soil‐K concentration, used for fertilizer‐K recommendations, may be affected by soil drying. Although air or oven drying are the most common soil processing methods, K from field‐moist soil has been documented to be a better predictor of soil‐K availabilities and fertilizer‐K needs for soybean [Glycine max. (L.) Merr.] grown on fertile silt loam to clayey soils. We evaluated the effect of four soil processing methods (field‐moist [FM], air‐dry [AD], air‐dry followed by oven‐dry [ADOD], and oven‐dry [OD]) in predicting extractable soil‐K availability for soybean production on less fertile Mid‐Atlantic sandy‐textured soils. Twelve soybean field trials were conducted in 2014 on Coastal Plain and Piedmont soils in Virginia and North Carolina. Soil K was extracted by Mehlich‐1 with each soil processing method and correlated with soybean relative yield. Soil‐K concentrations from each method were statistically similar and strongly correlated (r2 = 0.94–0.98) with each other having intercept and slope coefficients that were not different from zero and one, respectively. Extractable soil‐K concentrations from each method were also strongly correlated with soybean relative yield and explained 93 to 95% of the relative yield variation for FM soil, 95 to 96% for AD soil, 83 to 86% for ADOD soil, and 94 to 95% for OD soil. Results suggest that soil‐K concentrations from FM, AD, and OD samples are similar in predicting K availability for soybean. Soil drying should not be an issue of concern in extracting soil K and recommending fertilizer‐K rate for soybean production on Mid‐Atlantic coarse‐textured Coastal Plain and Piedmont soils.
Numerical Solution of Richards' Equation: A Review of Advances and Challenges
Authors: Farthing Matthew W. , Ogden Fred L. 
Published: October 2017

Core Ideas
The numerical solution of Richards' equation remains challenging.
Space/time discretization affects both computational effort and accuracy.
Adaption of space and time discretizations produces benefits.
Dissemination of codes and improved documentation are needed.
Recent reformulation of one‐dimensional Richards' equation shows promise.
The flow of water in partially saturated porous media is of importance in fields such as hydrology, agriculture, environment and waste management. It is also one of the most complex flows in nature. The Richards' equation describes the flow of water in an unsaturated porous medium due to the actions of gravity and capillarity neglecting the flow of the non‐wetting phase, usually air. Analytical solutions of Richards' equation exist only for simplified cases, so most practical situations require a numerical solution in one‐ two‐ or three‐dimensions, depending on the problem and complexity of the flow situation. Despite the fact that the first reasonably complete conservative numerical solution method was published in the early 1990s, the numerical solution of the Richards' equation remains computationally expensive and in certain circumstances, unreliable. A universally robust and accurate solution methodology has not yet been identified that is applicable across the range of soils, initial and boundary conditions found in practice. Existing solution codes have been modified over years to attempt to increase robustness. Despite theoretical results on the existence of solutions given sufficiently regular data and constitutive relations, our numerical methods often fail to demonstrate reliable convergence behavior in practice, especially for higher‐order methods. Because of robustness, the lack of higher‐order accuracy and computational expense, alternative solution approaches or methods are needed. There is also a need for better documentation of improved solution methodologies and benchmark test problems to facilitate consistent advances and avoid re‐inventing of the wheel.
Soils on Historic Charcoal Hearths: Terminology and Chemical Properties
Authors: Hirsch Florian , Raab Thomas , Ouimet William , Dethier David , Schneider Anna , Raab Alexandra 
Published: October 2017

Core Ideas
Charcoal hearth remains are a widespread legacy of historic iron production.
Soils on charcoal hearth remains are a carbon sink.
Soils on charcoal hearths are classified as Anthropic Udorthents.
Historic charcoal hearth remains provide a unique archive of the long‐term interaction between biochar, soil development, and plant growth. Charcoal as raw material was crucial for production of iron in iron works, and hence numerous charcoal hearths can be found in the forests near historic iron works in Europe and in the eastern United States. Charcoal hearths are round to elliptical forms often around 10 m in diameter and consist of several‐decimeter‐thick layers that contain charcoal fragments, ash, and burnt soil. We studied the soil chemistry of 24 charcoal hearths and compared them with the surrounding “natural” soils in the northern Appalachians of northwestern Connecticut. The thickness of the topsoils on the charcoal hearths and their carbon content are remarkably higher than in the surrounding topsoils. The presence of residual products from charcoal production classifies the soils as Anthropic Udorthents (US Soil Taxonomy) or Spolic Technosols (Humic) according to the World Reference Base for Soil Resources. The widespread occurrence of charcoal hearth remains, and their high spatial density in different ecosystems underlines their importance for further pedological research.
End Restraints in Steel Angles in Lattice Towers
Authors: Kalaga Sriram 
Published: October 2017

Introduction:
Test data on single angle compression members with various end connection arrangements is used to develop adjustment factors for effective buckling lengths. A connection length parameter is proposed and evaluated based on test data. Results from a total of 31 equal leg test angles with single-, double- bolts and fixed ends are used.

Methods:
Slenderness ratios considered ranged from 150 to 312. Angle sizes ranged from 38 x 38 x 3.2 (mm) to 89 x 89 x 6.4 (mm). Estimated connection lengths were about 12.5% of the member length for single-bolt joints; 24.7% for double-bolt joints and 45.6% for fixed joints. Computed effective length factors ranged from 0.544 to 0.875.

Results:
Results seem to indicate that it is possible to define and calculate connection length of a lattice tower angle member. Suggestions for incorporating connection length issues in routine designs are made.
Re-Establishing Brain Networks in Patients with ESRD after Successful Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Chen Hui Juan , Wen Jiqiu , Qi Rongfeng , Zhong Jianhui , Schoepf U. Joseph , Varga-Szemes Akos , Lesslie Virginia W. , Kong Xiang , Wang Yun Fei , Xu Qiang , Zhang Zhe , Li Xue , Lu Guang Ming , Zhang Long Jiang 
Published: October 2017

Background and objectives
Cognition in ESRD may be improved by kidney transplantation, but mechanisms are unclear. We explored patterns of resting-state networks with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging among patients with ESRD before and after kidney transplantation.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Thirty-seven patients with ESRD scheduled for kidney transplantation and 22 age-, sex-, and education-matched healthy subjects underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Patients were imaged before and 1 and 6 months after kidney transplantation. Functional connectivity of seven resting-state subnetworks was evaluated: default mode network, dorsal attention network, central executive network, self-referential network, sensorimotor network, visual network, and auditory network. Mixed effects models tested associations of ESRD, kidney transplantation, and neuropsychological measurements with functional connectivity.

Results
Compared with controls, pretransplant patients showed abnormal functional connectivity in six subnetworks. Compared with pretransplant patients, increased functional connectivity was observed in the default mode network, the dorsal attention network, the central executive network, the sensorimotor network, the auditory network, and the visual network 1 and 6 months after kidney transplantation (P=0.01). Six months after kidney transplantation, no significant difference in functional connectivity was observed for the dorsal attention network, the central executive network, the auditory network, or the visual network between patients and controls. Default mode network and sensorimotor network remained significantly different from those in controls when assessed 6 months after kidney transplantation. A relationship between functional connectivity and neuropsychological measurements was found in specific brain regions of some brain networks.

Conclusions
The recovery patterns of resting-state subnetworks vary after kidney transplantation. The dorsal attention network, the central executive network, the auditory network, and the visual network recovered to normal levels, whereas the default mode network and the sensorimotor network did not recover completely 6 months after kidney transplantation. Neural resting-state functional connectivity was lower among patients with ESRD compared with control subjects, but it significantly improved with kidney transplantation. Resting-state subnetworks exhibited variable recovery, in some cases to levels that were no longer significantly different from those of normal controls.
Repensando o Conhecimento: por uma análise interdisciplinar da obra de Peter Burke
Authors: Dos Santos Arthur Saldanha 
Published: October 2017

Os trabalhos que Peter Burke vem desenvolvendo, no que tange a produção e reprodução de ciência no mundo acadêmico, são de fundamental importância para o atual contexto em que se fala constantemente de interdisciplinaridade e processos distintos de entender o mundo e suas relações. O conhecimento dessa forma deve transcender os espaços tidos como periféricos – distantes das discussões “mais globais” e, atingir patamares mais díspares, dinâmicos, amplos e contextualizados. Esta resenha tem por objetivo retratar as perspectivas de Burke inseridas em um contexto de diálogos diversos de saberes e produções de conhecimentos como processos sociais da humanidade.
La salud sexual y (no) reproductiva en debate: apuntes a partir de experiencias de mujeres lesbianas y bisexuales en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires
Authors: Mertehikian Yasmín Amira 
Published: October 2017

En Argentina, la mayor parte de las políticas públicas se concentra en el cuidado de la salud anticonceptiva o reproductiva desde la presunción de heterosexualidad. La relación que las mujeres lesbianas y bisexuales establecen con los servicios de ginecología y obstetricia es un tema que ha sido poco indagado desde las ciencias sociales. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar y comparar las prácticas de cuidado en torno a la salud sexual y reproductiva de jóvenes lesbianas y bisexuales de sectores medios y bajos y sus experiencias con los servicios de salud sexual y reproductiva. Se realizó una investigación cualitativa en base a doce entrevistas semi-estructuradas a jóvenes lesbianas y bisexuales de 18 a 29 años de sectores medios y bajos residentes en la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. Se concluye que la existencia de un sistema de salud que opera bajo la presunción de heterosexualidad restringe el acceso a la información en materia de prevención y de cuidado de la salud sexual y reproductiva de mujeres lesbianas y bisexuales. Frente a un Estado que no logra proveer servicios de atención adecuados, las mujeres entrevistadas despliegan una serie de estrategias individuales y colectivas para enfrentar dicha carencia.
Palabras clave: Sexualidad, reproducción, heteronormatividad, lesbianas, bisexuales, Argentina.
Mujeres de elite y trabajo doméstico remunerado en Chile: ¿crisis de cuidados o de la familia?
Authors: Fernández Rosario 
Published: October 2017

Este artículo analiza la relación entre la crisis de los cuidados y de las familias en Chile, y las estrategias que emplean las mujeres de clases acomodadas conservadoras para reproducir la figura de la familia como proyecto nacional. A través de una revisión histórica y teórica, y utilizando entrevistas a dueñas de casas de Santiago, este artículo pretende comprender la crisis de los cuidados a partir de la vinculación entre la intimidad y la política. Estudia los discursos y procesos mediante los cuales el trabajo doméstico remunerado permite saciar la ‘crisis de los cuidados’ y rearticular la figura de la ‘familia’, y cómo a través de las relaciones entre trabajadoras y empleadoras se manejan tensiones y diferencias en un espacio íntimo-político.
Palabras clave: crisis de los cuidados, familia, trabajo doméstico remunerado, intimidad, política.
Precios del suelo, segregación residencial y distribución del empleo
Authors: Ipia Astudillo Jeisson , Vivas Pacheco Harvy 
Published: October 2017

El artículo analiza la relación entre los precios del suelo, la distancia a los centros de empleo y la presencia de segregación residencial en la ciudad de Cali. Para el logro de tales propósitos se realizaron análisis exploratorios y confirmatorios de datos espaciales utilizando como unidad de análisis los barrios. Para identificar los centros y subcentros se utilizaron métodos matemáticos y se calibró una función cubic spline a partir de los avalúos catastrales y las densidades de empleo. Los análisis exploratorios sugirieron la especificación de modelos econométricos espaciales que relacionaron la distribución del empleo, los precios del suelo y la segregación residencial. Los hallazgos aportaron evidencia sobre la transición hacia una estructura multicéntrica en la ciudad, a pesar de la elevada importancia que todavía tiene el centro tradicional. Los ejercicios econométricos mostraron que los precios del suelo obedecen a un patrón diferenciado con avalúos altos sobre todo el eje longitudinal y avalúos bajos hacia las zonas periféricas en las que prevalecen distancias relativamente altas a los centros y donde se concentran los grupos de mayor vulnerabilidad social y económica de la ciudad.
La incorporación de la política pública de seguridad y convivencia en la agenda gubernamental de Medellín 1990-2005
Authors: Duarte Herrera Lisbeth Katherine , Pedraza Beleño Jose Adolfo 
Published: October 2017

La situación de violencia que ha caracterizado a Medellín desde finales del siglo XX e inicios del XXI ha sido objeto de atención pública por parte de las autoridades locales y nacionales. El objetivo del artículo es analizar, desde el enfoque de política pública propuesto por Kingdon (1994; 2010), cómo se configuró la política pública de seguridad ciudadana y convivencia en la agenda pública y de gobierno con el fin de menguar la situación en la ciudad durante el periodo 1990-2005. La investigación es de tipo cualitativo y descriptivo, así como la metodología adoptada es fundamentalmente análisis documental de bibliografía especializada. Entre las principales conclusiones se reconoce la relevancia de la confluencia de todas las corrientes, a saber; actores, problemas, soluciones y ventana de oportunidades, para la incorporación o redefinición de una política pública.
Prevalence of Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus in Political Cadres of Nepal
Authors: Paudel Vijaya Prasad 
Published: October 2017

Background & Objectives:Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus are both major modifiable risk factors leading to premature death due to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment are must to reduce morbidity and mortality due to following diseases. Therefore authentic data on these issues are of great importance. The aim of this study was to address this gap and create awareness regarding essence of control of Diabetes and Hypertension among political cadres of Nepal as they play major role in policy making. Materials & Methods:A descriptive cross-sectional study in the political cadres of Nepal was conducted at Pragya Bhawan, Kathmandu on 4th March, 2012 where delegates attended their 3rd National assembly. Standard criteria were used to describe both Hypertension and Diabetes and their respective goals. Awareness and treatment were based on self-report.Results:A total of 291 subjects were included in the study. The prevalence of hypertension was 44.32% while that of Diabetes was 18.56%. The current blood pressure of the study population was 50% within normal range and 50% of them was above normal range, body mass index of 35% was normal and rest was above normal range. 15% of the study population was known diabetic while 33% was known hypertensive. More than 50% of known diabetics had poor control over blood sugar and 72% of the known hypertensive had poor blood pressure control.Conclusion:The scenario of hypertension and diabetes control among the political cadres is not up to the mark. Most of those already having the disease have poor control of blood pressure and blood sugar level. From this, the situation obviously seems more warning in general population and needs well-designed assessment.
Response of MC3T3-E1cells on microroughen bioactive glass coated zirconia
Authors: Tuladhar Sapna Laxmi , Parajuli Umesh , Wang Hang 
Published: October 2017

Background & Objectives:The objective of this study was to determine the cellular response of micro-roughened bioactive glass coated zirconia substrate (ZBR) and non roughen bioactive glass coated zirconia substrate (ZB), and compare them with uncoated zirconia substrate (Z). Materials & Methods:Surface micro-roughening was obtained using an Al2O3 sandblasting method. Abrasive blasting of zirconia coated bioactive glass produced an irregular finish with surface roughness average Ra 0.85 µm as determined by profilometer and scan electron microscope. Surface roughness of the samples in ascending order was ZBR>ZB>Z. Murine derived preosteoblast (MC3T3-E1) cells were seeded on the samples, and the cell morphology, growth, differentiation, were observed. Cell morphology was evaluated by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM), while cell proliferation and differentiation using MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) test and alkaline phosphates activity respectively. Results:The cell growth on all the samples continual increase with culturing up to 5days, showing good cell viability. However, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) with respect to the Z, ZB, and ZBR at day 5 at MTT assay. In particular, the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of the cells was significantly higher on the ZB and ZBR than Z samples at both 7 and 14 days. Conclusion:Our ﬁndings demonstrate that bioactive glass coated surface was found to have better surface conditions to regulate bone cell differentiation
Analysis of Consecutive Cases of Vascular Injury in Tertiary Level Hospital in Central Nepal
Authors: Sah Bijay , Shrestha Krishna Gopal , Tiwari Kaushal Kishore , Reddy Jayapal 
Published: October 2017

Background & Objectives:Vascular injury diagnosis and management can be challenging and need expert clinical judgments. The current study aims to present diagnostic methods and management outcome in vascular injury patients attending our centre.Materials & Methods: The study is a prospective study conducted during the study period of one and half years (From January 2015 to June 2016). Diagnosis of vascular injury was done by clinical examination, hand Doppler or in conjugation with duplex scan/CT Angiography. Primary vascular repair with end to end anastomosis was carried out whenever technically feasible; however, if it was not possible interposition reversed saphenous graft (SVG) was used to complete the repair.Results:Out of hundred cases of vascular injury, 77% were male and 23% female with a mean age of 35.18± 16.93 years. The majority of the cases 53% were diagnosed by duplex study followed by additional imaging by CT angiography in 30% cases and 17% cases were diagnosed only on clinical judgment. The main type of vascular injury was a complete transaction in 62% of cases followed by complex wall defect in 22%. The most common type of vascular reconstruction was end-end anastomosis in 76% of cases followed by ligation and haemostasis in 13% and reverse SVG graft repair in six percent of cases.Conclusion:The study concluded with the observation that early presentation, diagnosis and management including initial resuscitation and definitive multi-specialist surgical approach are paramount for excellent outcome after vascular injury.