bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Percussions of Different Types of Media on Children's Behavior
Authors: Zaky E. 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundThe media has been around for ages, but what we experienced growing up is worlds away from what our children are growing up with today. Media is a double ended weapon that not only can be of priceless value for children if used in moderation but also it could have a tremendous negative impact on their lives.ObjectivesHighlighting the positive and negative percussions of media on children's behavior.SummaryThe first 2 years of life are considered a critical time for brain development. TV and other electronic media can get in the way of exploring, playing, and interacting with parents and others, which encourages learning and healthy physical and social development. As kids get older, too much media time can interfere with their activities such as being physically active, reading, doing homework, playing with friends, and spending time with family. So, while using media in moderation could be very beneficial for education, entertainment, and communication with others of different cultures, it could be very dangerous in encouraging risky behavior as substance abuse, violence, and unhealthy eating habits.ConclusionBecause it is always a matter of quality time and not the quantity of time spent by our children using different types of media, it is so important for caregivers to monitor media content and set viewing and interacting limits for their children and share them in their healthy interests to ensure that our children will not be left on their own in an unknown and potentially risky media world.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
A Systematic Review of the Prevalence and Incidence of Neuropsychiatric Conditions in Populations With Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Zaman N. , Faruqui D.R. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionThe relationship between traumatic brain injury and neuropsychiatric conditions has a strong clinical link. Despite significant clinical presentations, there has been a limited focus on quantifying the association between traumatic brain injury and psychiatric disorders.ObjectivesTo conduct a systematic review to determine the prevalence and incidence of neuropsychiatric conditions in patients with traumatic brain injury.AimsTo determine the association between traumatic brain injury and psychiatric illness.MethodsA systematic search was made of Medline, PsycINFO, EMBASE and article bibliographies. Search terms for rates of psychosis, mood disorders, anxiety conditions, organic personality disorder, neuropsychiatric disorders, neuro-behavioural disorders, aggression, dementia and frontal lobe disorder were utilised. We followed MOOSE criteria and did not apply temporal limits.ResultsThere were 845 relevant searches in total. After exclusion of duplicates, case reports, case series reports, letters, reviews, commentaries, systematic reviews, and editorials there were 143 relevant abstracts identified. This was further reduced to a review of 48 full text papers. We identified prevalence rates of depression between 6.9–62.5%, mania of 9–12.5%, PTSD 1.9–50%, aggression 28.4–57%, anxiety disorders 6–63% (including GAD 8–9%, agoraphobia 2–6%, panic disorder 9%, social phobia 1%) insomnia 11–29%, personality change of 33.3%, dementia 8.16% and substance use 3–8%.ConclusionsWe have identified significant rates of neuropsychiatric morbidity in patients with traumatic brain injury. We have particularly identified limited research studies into psychosis, mania, dementia and personality disorders in this patient group. The review further emphasises the importance of identifying neuropsychiatric comorbidities in post-traumatic brain injury and the importance of addressing these comorbidities.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
One Risk Factor of Depression Disorder in Chinese Women
Authors: Zhang Y. , Feihu L. , Zunxiao D. , Jianguo S. , Qiangju W. 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundThe prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) is higher in those with the unemployed and those with low social status. Most of the available data comes from studies in developed countries, and these findings may not extrapolate to developing countries. However, the extent of unemployed status cause MDD is unclear. This study seeks to determine whether depressive disorder is associated with unemployment and to further investigate the relationship between occupation, and social class in Han Chinese women with MDD.MethodData came from Oxford and VCU Experimental Research on Genetic Epidemiology (CONVERGE) study of MDD (6017 cases, age between 30 and 60; 5983 controls, age between 40 and 60). DSM-IV depressive and anxiety disorders were assessed using the World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview. All subjects were interviewed using a computerized assessment system. All interviewers were trained by the CONVERGE team for a minimum of one week. The interview includes assessment of psychopathology, demographic and personal characteristics, and psychosocial functioning.ResultsThe odds ratio (OR) between employment and MDD is 0.69. An OR of less than one is protective. Lower social class is not associated with an increase in the number of episodes, or with increased rates of comorbidity with anxiety disorders.ConclusionThis study suggests that in Han Chinese women, employment is positive protect factor to MDD. Lower social status and unemployment increases the risk and severity of MDD. In China, lower socioeconomic position is associated with increased rates of MDD, as it is elsewhere in the world.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Critical Analysis on Legal Capacity of The Mentally Retarded: the Portuguese Reality in the European Context
Authors: Cajão R. , Pereira C.A. , Silva J.R. , Lourenço J.P. , Gil N.P. , Colón M.F. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionAlmost 50 years after the mental health reform in Europe and the deinstitutionalization of the mentally ill, there seems to be a slow change in the social concept of mental disorder. However, in the case of mental retardation, little progress has been made, since the social approach to these patients does not seem to involve the promotion of their autonomy. This is a reality with implications in medical, social and forensic psychiatry settings.ObjectiveWe will present a statistical analysis on interdiction/inhabilitation processes in two districts of Portugal followed by a comparative analysis between Portuguese and other European countries’ civil law concerning the regulation of legal capacity.AimsCritical analysis of the means by which the concept of legal incapacity has been applied in the Portuguese social setting.MethodsDescriptive and retrospective analyses of 500 expert reports in the districts of Coimbra and Viseu regarding interdiction/disqualification processes. Research on Pubmed and legal databases; keywords used: mental disability, mental retardation, civil law, mental incapacity, legal incapacity, legal capacity, interdiction, curator.ResultsThe number of forensic psychiatric examinations has suffered a significant increase in the last years. The majority of these expertise concern interdiction/inhabilitation processes. Mental retardation is the more prevalent diagnosis, and the great majority of the cases were interdicted.ConclusionsIn Portugal, the law has been applied in order to safeguard the economic assets of mentally retarded individuals, but not in order to promote their social integration and autonomy.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Mentally ill Patients Who Committed Sexual and Physical Assaults: A Study About 37 Cases of Expertise Reports
Authors: Hajji K. , Marrag I. , Ben Soussia R. , Fathallah S. , Nasr M. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionSeveral studies suggest the existence of a relationship between major mental disorders and crime. However, it is important to emphasize that violent behaviors do not affect all patients and that issues of criminality among mentally ill persons only represents a small proportion.AimsThe objective of this study is to establish the general and clinical profile of perpetrators of sexual and physical assaults.MethodsThis is a retrospective study of the records of forensic psychiatric expertise, conducted in the psychiatry department of the University Hospital of Mahdia during the period from May 1st 2000 to May 31st 2013.ResultsThe general profile of the population the study was characterized by a mean age of 39 years, a sex ratio of 8.25, unemployment in 73% of cases and by the presence of a psychiatric personal history 54% of cases. Sexual and physical assaults accounted for 54.5% of cases. It was essentially in descending order: assault and battery (65%), rape (16.2%) and incest (5.4%). As for the clinical profile, schizophrenia and epilepsy were recorded each in 13.5% of cases, major depressive disorder in 8.1% of cases, bipolar disorder in 5.4% and substance abuse in 5.4% of cases. A personality disorder was observed in 48.6% cases, essentially antisocial personality (55%). Comorbidity with addictive behavior was observed in 56.7% of cases.ConclusionIt is necessary to characterize a subgroup of patients with mental disorders, likely to commit violent crimes, in order to prevent acting out behaviors and adapt their management.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Acute Psychotic Disorder and Forensic Acts: About 25 Cases
Authors: Younes S. , Ben Soussia R. , Hajji K. , Marrag I. , Zarrouk L. , Nasr M. 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to identify the socio-demographic status and clinical features of patients with acute psychotic disorder and who committed a medicolegal act, seek acute psychosis implicated and raise the characteristics of this medicolegal acts.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study of 25 male patients with acute psychotic disorder. They were involuntary hospitalized in the medicolegal department of Razi, according to Article 29 of Law after committing a medicolegal act because of dementia within the meaning of article 38 of the Tunisian Penal Code.ResultsIt was about a young person, average age of 27.32 years, family cohesion was often present (80%), with forensic history (20%), violence history (20%) and substance abuse (40%), having a personality disorder (25%), having a precipitating factor (32%), having an acute psychotic episode (72%), repetitive acute psychotic episode (16%), a first manic episode (8%) and drug-related psychotic disorder (4%). They had committed by order of frequency serious physical assault (43.5%), attempted murder, assault and injury followed by attacks against property (40%). The victim was mostly a family member (40%), without determination, under the influence of toxic substances (16%) and motivated by delusions of persecution (51%). The acting out was recognized (68%). The majority was indifferent (92%) and does nothing (68%).ConclusionThe first-episode psychosis have a high-risk of acting out, early treatment may prevent some medicolegal acts. Preventing of acting out in the psychotic involves the identification of risk factors and an early treatment of mental disease.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Poor Quality of Mental Health Assessment Reports in UK Family Courts: A ‘call to Action’
Authors: Kurz R. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionProf. Jane Ireland found that 65% of assessment reports sampled from UK family courts were ‘poor’ or ‘very poor’.ObjectiveThe presentation raises international awareness of the problem and explains the contextual factors that contribute to malpractice.AimsThe paper highlights typical deficiencies in family court assessments and forensic processes in order to reduce the risk of unsafe custody rulings.MethodDue to the paucity of published academic literature ‘ad hoc’ Internet searches were utilised to collect source material and identify advocates. A range of conferences, seminars and continued professional development (CPD) events revealed the background for some of the persistent problems.ResultsThe suppression of the trauma-centric approach to mental health issues and its re-emergence are central to understanding the trajectory and how to improve professional practice.Organised Ritualised Crime Abuse Networks (ORCANs) seem to be at work infiltrating institutions that are supposed to uphold law and order.Inadequate psychometric instruments appear to beguile some mental health professionals into wrong diagnosis and testimony.ConclusionThe standard of UK family court assessments must improve. Scrapping ‘forced adoption’ legislation that drives the ‘child snatching’ culture in UK social services department would benefit society including citizens from abroad whose governments vocally criticise the removal of their children through clandestine UK ‘child protection’ procedures.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
Prevalence and Nature of Mental Disorders Among Young Offenders in Custody and Community: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Livanou M. , Furtado V. , Singh S. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionPrevalence studies show that nearly 80% of young offenders present psychiatric comorbidity. Juvenile offenders are at 3 times higher risk of being diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder. Recent systematic reviews have mainly focused on youth in detention neglecting youth in the community. Females and ethnic minorities have been overlooked in the literature in spite of the increasing rates of psychiatric disorders striking these groups.ObjectiveTo perform a meta-analysis on the prevalence rates of various mental disorders including depression, psychosis, PTSD, conduct disorder, ADHD, learning disabilities and personality disorders among young offenders. Self-harm and suicidal behaviour are examined too.AimsTo compare the prevalence of psychiatric disorders among young offenders across custody and community and to emphasise on gender, age, and ethnic variations.MethodsRelevant studies have been identified with computer-assisted searching and scanning of reference lists. Prevalence of mental disorders based on gender, age and ethnicity along with potential moderating factors are extracted from the included studies. Meta-regression is performed to test covariates that might have contributed to differences in prevalence rates across studies.ResultsAfter searching the relevant literature, 99 studies were determined to be eligible for data extraction.ConclusionsYoung offenders with ongoing mental health problems comprise a vulnerable group within forensic psychiatric services that needs special attention. More prevalence studies should be conducted to improve mental health provision. Ethnic, gender, and age variations across young offenders should be addressed and turn interventions into a tailored process that responds to the young person's particular treatment needs.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Results of Forensic Assertive Community Treatment in Belgium After 33 Months
Authors: Marquant T. , Goethals K. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionForensic adaptations of assertive community treatment (ACT) remain understudied in Europe, whereas promising results emerge from the United States. There is a need for research into the effectiveness of ForACT outside the United States, as Europe differs greatly in terms of organisation of mental health and judicial system.ObjectiveInvestigating effectiveness of forensic adaptations of ACT in the area of Flanders, Belgium. Outcome measures are divided into forensic, like arrests or incarcerations, and non-forensic, like admissions and length of stay.AimsInvestigating effectiveness of ForACT on forensic and non-forensic outcome measures as well as factors related to outcome. A third outcome is community tenure, which is the actual number of days divided by the potential number of days spent in the community.MethodsA controlled cohort study was designed over with first results at 33 months. The experimental group consists of a new ForACT team in the area of Flanders, Belgium (n = 70). Patients are admitted from prison, psychiatric hospitals or other community-based care. The control group consists of mentally ill offenders in community-based treatment after release from prison (n = 56).ResultsResults on forensic measures and community tenure are promising in favour of the ForACT team. In contrast, clients are often, though shortly, readmitted into psychiatric residential care. Substance use emerges as the main reason for admissions.ConclusionsA local forensic adaptation of ACT reveals promising results on forensic outcome measures, yet suffers a large number of admissions.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Matricide Versus Patricide in One Croatian Psychiatric Forensic Inpatient Unit
Authors: Pedisic I. , Radic K. , Buzina N. , Jukic V. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionParricide (referring as parental homicide) is a rare event among homicides, yet challenging and intriguing from psychiatric point of view. Still, literature concerning parricide is sparse and most studies concern small or heterogenous samples or anecdotal cases.ObjectiveTo analyze differences in parricide offenders among forensic psychiatric inpatients at the university psychiatric hospital Vrapče's centre for forensic psychiatry.AimsTo test some differences between parricide offenders with regard to specific type of parricide.MethodsAvailable retrograde data of 50 years forensic inpatients (n = 430). We identified parricide cases of matricide and patricide included.ResultsThe analysis included a total of 22 parricide offenders. All parricide offenders were male adults. Matricide was more prevalent then patricide (13 vs. 9). Matricide offenders were in average younger when committed crime, had more prevalence of psychotic disorders and earlier onset of symptoms in comparison with patricide group.ConclusionWe identified differences and similarities between these two parricide offenders groups. It is important to expand research further including different types of motives and family dynamics regarding the type of parricide victim.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The Biopsychosocial Paradigm in the Assessment of Mental Health of Older Persons
Authors: Pishchikova L. 
Published: May 2016

The vulnerability of patients of late age in psychiatry increases the professional and ethical requirements to the quality of psychiatric and forensic psychiatric help. It must account for the clinical and dynamic features of mental disorders in old age, biopsychosocial determinants of their formation, be based on a conceptual approach and a comprehensive understanding of the involution processes. To identify biopsychosocial determinants of mental disorders in old age and (or) involving patients to the forensic psychiatric examination, we examined 235 late age patients in criminal and civil cases. Revealed: «non-dement» mental disorders – with 45.5%, psychosis – with 7.7%, dementia – with 46,8%. The results of biopsychosocial determinants of involution are determined as follows: biological: sensory and motor deprivation, multicomorbid somatic neurological pathology, specific syndromes and disorders if late age, dementia; socio-psychological: termination of labor activity, living alone and loneliness, problematic relationship with children because of housing disputes and alcohol; legal: conclusion and contestation of legal civil acts, participation in criminal proceedings as victims and defendants, legal illiteracy, legal controversy, lack of legal protection; victimological: physical (assault, abuse), psychological (threats of commitment into social security institutions, involuntary commitment to a psychiatric hospital and examination by a psychiatrist, hold in the psychiatric hospital), financial violence (fraud with housing for older people and deception, manipulation during conclusion of civil-legal acts), violation of rights of older person (unlawful deprivation of legal capacity).Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.
Emotion processing and social functioning in euthymic bipolar disorder
Authors: Aparicio A. , Sánchez-Morla E.M. , Santos J.L. , Mateo J. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionA large number of studies have found that patients with bipolar disorders have a poor performance in tasks assessing social cognition.Objectives and aimsThe present study aimed to investigate whether euthymic bipolar patients (EBP) have a dysfunction in emotion processing when compared to controls. An additional objective was to determine whether there is association between emotion processing and psychosocial functioning.MethodsA sample of 53 EBP and 53 healthy controls matched for age, gender, education level and premorbid intelligence were studied. All subjects were assessed using the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) and two additional executive function measures: the Trail Making Test–Part B and the Stroop Test. Emotion processing was examined using the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT). Psychosocial functioning was assessed using the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale and the Functional Assessment Short Test (FAST).ResultsFor the MSCEIT, EBP obtained lower total scores (P = 0.001), experiential area scores (P = 0.012), strategic area scores (P = 0.000), perceiving emotions branch scores (P = 0.008), understanding emotions branch scores (P = 0.014) and managing emotions branch scores (P = 0.000) than controls. There were no significant differences between groups for the using emotions branch (P = 0.113). In addition, partial correlations controlling for sub-clinical psychopathology in EBP showed the existence of a significant correlation of MSCEIT total score and MSCEIT strategic area score with FAST total score.ConclusionsEBP exhibit deficits in several areas of emotion processing. Performance in emotion processing tasks is associated with social functioning in these patients.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.