bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro effects of dalteparin on thrombin generation in canine plasma
Authors: Gara‐Boivin Carolyn , del Castillo Jérôme R. E. , Dunn Marilyn E. , Bédard Christian 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundThe calibrated automated thrombogram (CAT) is a functional thrombin generation (TG) assay that may provide a new approach for monitoring anticoagulant therapy in dogs. The effects of dalteparin on TG variables in dogs are unknown.ObjectivesObjectives were to establish normal TG variable ranges in dogs and measure the in vitro TG variables in canine pooled platelet‐poor plasma (PPP) spiked with different dalteparin concentrations.MethodsIn the first experiment, plasma samples from 25 adult healthy Beagle dogs and 11 client‐owned healthy dogs of multiple breeds was measured individually for obtaining normal TG values. In the second experiment, separate pools of the remaining PPP from 24 of the 25 previous adult Beagles and from 45 different client‐owned dogs were spiked with dalteparin at 9 concentrations with increasing anti‐factor Xa (anti‐FXa) activity. Activated partial thromboplastin time, tissue factor‐induced TG, and anti‐FXa activity were measured for each concentration. Concentration–response relationships were determined with ADAPT v.5, using various nonlinear regression models for stimulatory or inhibitory effects.ResultsThrombin generation ranges of client‐owned dogs and Beagles were equivalent only for time‐to‐peak (P < .05). In vitro dalteparin resulted in a concentration‐dependent decrease in endogenous thrombin potential (ETP) in pooled PPP. The estimated dalteparin concentration that produced half the maximal inhibition of baseline ETP (IC50) was 0.289 U/mL. Thrombin generation and anti‐FXa activity were more sensitive than APTT to detect the effects of dalteparin.ConclusionsThe CAT assay can measure the effects of dalteparin in canine plasma, resulting in significant dose‐dependent decreases in ETP, prompting further in vivo investigation.
Interventions Promoting Breast Cancer Screening Among Turkish Women With Global Implications: A Systematic Review
Authors: Secginli Selda , Nahcivan Nursen O. , Gunes Gussun , Fernandez Ritin 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTBackgroundBreast cancer is a major health concern and remains the most common malignancy in women worldwide and in Turkey. Mammography, clinical breast examination (CBE), and breast self‐examination (BSE) are recommended methods to detect early breast cancer in women. Many strategies have been developed to increase the rates of mammography, CBE, and BSE among Turkish women. Despite the benefits of breast cancer screening, these modalities are still underutilized by the majority of Turkish women.AimTo systematically review the scientific evidence on the effectiveness of various strategies aimed at improving screening behaviors for breast cancer in Turkish women.MethodsA systematic review of the literature published between 2000 and 2015 was conducted, searching 10 databases of Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane CENTRAL Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Knowledge, Scopus, Google Scholar, ULAKBIM Turkish Medical Database, and Council of Higher Education Thesis Center.ResultsTwenty‐three studies were included in the final review. The majority of the studies investigated the effects of multiple strategies to improve BSE. Group education comprised educational sessions, printed and audiovisual materials, which significantly improved BSE, CBE, and mammography screening rates at 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months after the intervention. One‐to‐one education demonstrated no significant difference in BSE rates at 6‐month and 12‐month follow‐up. However, one‐to‐one education demonstrated significant differences in CBE and mammography rates at the 3‐month follow‐up.Linking Evidence to ActionThe use of group education comprising a multicomponent intervention demonstrated an increase in breast‐screening behaviors among Turkish women. Further research investigating the duration of educational interventions is needed in order to suggest a “dose response.”
Endoplasmic reticulum stress in the pathogenesis of hypertension
Authors: Young Colin N. 
Published: June 2017

New Findings
What is the topic of this review?
This review highlights the emerging role of disruptions in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) function, namely ER stress, as a contributor to hypertension.

What advances does it highlight?
This review presents an integrative view of ER stress in cardiovascular control systems, including systems within the brain, kidney and peripheral vasculature, as related to development of hypertension.

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a cellular organelle specialized in the synthesis, folding, assembly and modification of proteins. In situations of increased protein demand, complex signalling pathways, termed the unfolded protein response, influence a series of cellular feedback loops to control ER function strictly. Although this is initially a compensatory attempt to maintain cellular homeostasis, chronic activation of the unfolded protein response, known as ER stress, leads to sustained changes in cellular function. A growing body of literature points to ER stress in diverse cardioregulatory systems, including the brain, kidney and vasculature, as central to the development of hypertension. Here, these recent findings from essential and obesity‐related forms of hypertension are highlighted in an integrative manner, with discussion of the potential upstream causes and downstream consequences of ER stress. Given that hypertension is a leading medical and socio‐economic global challenge, emerging findings suggest that targeting ER stress might represent a viable strategy for the treatment of hypertensive disease.
Effect of a Cooling Kit on Physiology and Performance Following Exercise in the Heat
Authors: Smith Cody R. , Butts Cory L. , Adams J.D. , Tucker Matthew A. , Moyen Nicole E. , Ganio Matthew S. , McDermott Brendon P. 
Published: June 2017

Context:Exercising in the heat leads to an increase in body temperature that can increase the risk of heat illness or cause detriments in exercise performance.Objective:To examine a phase change heat emergency kit (HEK) on thermoregulatory and perceptual responses and subsequent exercise performance following exercise in the heat.Design:Two randomized crossover trials that consisted of 30 minutes of exercise, 15 minutes of treatment (T1), performance testing (5-10-5 pro-agility test and 1500-m run), and another 15 minutes of treatment (T2) identical to T1.Setting:Outdoors in the heat (wet-bulb globe temperature: 31.5°C [1.8°C] and relative humidity: 59.0% [5.6%]).Participants:Twenty-six (13 men and 13 women) individuals (aged 20–27 y).Interventions:Treatment was performed with HEK and without HEK (control, CON) modality.Main Outcome Measures:Gastrointestinal temperature, mean skin temperature, thirst sensation, and muscle pain.Results:Maximum gastrointestinal temperature following exercise and performance was not different between trials (P > .05). Cooling rate was faster during T1CON (0.053°C/min [0.049°C/min]) compared with HEK (0.043°C/min [0.032°C/min];P = .01). Mean skin temperature was lower in HEK during T1(P < .001) and T2(P = .05). T2thirst was lower in CON (P = .02). Muscle pain was lower in HEK in T2(P = .03). Performance was not altered (P > .05).Conclusions:HEK improved perception but did not enhance cooling or performance following exercise in the heat. HEK is therefore not recommended to facilitate recovery, treat hyperthermia, or improve performance.
Behavior Tracking and 3-Year Longitudinal Associations Between Physical Activity, Screen Time, and Fitness Among Young Children
Authors: Potter Morgan , Spence John C. , Boulé Normand , Stearns Jodie A. , Carson Valerie 
Published: June 2017

Purpose: Understanding the correlates of children’s fitness as they develop is needed. The objectives of this study were to 1) examine the longitudinal associations between physical activity (PA), screen time (ST), and fitness; 2) determine if sex moderates associations; and 3) track PA and ST over 3 years. Methods: Findings are based on 649 children [baseline = 4.5 (0.5) y; follow-up = 7.8 (0.6) y] from Edmonton, Canada. Parental-reported hour per week of PA and ST were measured at baseline and 3 years later. Fitness (vertical jump, sit and reach, waist circumference, grip strength, predicted VO2max, push-ups, and partial curl-ups) was measured using established protocols at follow-up. Sex-specific z scores or low/high fitness groups were calculated. Linear or logistic multiple regression models and Spearman correlations were conducted. Results: Baseline ST was negatively associated with follow-up grip strength [β = −0.010; 95% confidence interval (CI), −0.019 to −0.001]. Associations between baseline PA and follow-up overall fitness (β = 0.009; 95% CI, 0.002 to 0.016) were significant, whereas baseline PA and follow-up VO2max (β = 0.014; 95% CI, 0.000 to 0.027) approached significance (P < .06). No sex interactions were observed. Moderate and large tracking were observed for PA (rs = .30) and ST (rs = .53), respectively. Conclusions: PA and ST may be important modifiable correlates of overall fitness in young children.
Time Course of Evolution of Disability and Cause‐Specific Mortality After Ischemic Stroke: Implications for Trial Design
Authors: Ganesh Aravind , Luengo‐Fernandez Ramon , Wharton Rose M. , Gutnikov Sergei A. , Silver Louise E. , Mehta Ziyah , Rothwell Peter M. ,   the Oxford Vascular Study
Published: June 2017

Background

Outcome in stroke trials is often based on a 3‐month modified Rankin scale (
mRS
). How 3‐month
mRS
relates to longer‐term outcomes will depend on late recovery, delayed stroke‐related deaths, recurrent strokes, and nonstroke deaths. We evaluated 3‐month
mRS
and death/disability at 1 and 5 years in a population‐based cohort study.

Methods and Results

In 3‐month survivors of ischemic stroke (Oxford Vascular Study; 2002‐2014), we related 3‐month
mRS
to disability (defined as
mRS
>2) at 1 and 5 years and/or death rates (age/sex adjusted). Accrual of disability and index‐stroke‐related and nonstroke deaths in each poststroke year was categorized according to 3‐month
mRS
. Among 1606 patients with acute ischemic stroke, 181 died within 3 months, but 126 index‐stroke‐related deaths and 320 other deaths occurred during the subsequent 4866 patient‐years of follow‐up up to 5 years. Although 69/126 (54.8%) post‐3‐month index‐stroke‐related deaths occurred after 1 year,
mRS
>2 at 1 year strongly predicted these deaths (adjusted hazard ratio=21.94, 95%
CI
7.88‐61.09,
P
<0.0001). Consequently, a 3‐month
mRS
>2 was a strong independent predictor of death at both 1 year (adjusted hazard ratio=6.67, 95%CI 4.16‐10.69,
P
<0.0001) and 5 years (adjusted hazard ratio=2.93, 95%CI 2.38‐3.60,
P
<0.0001). Although
mRS
improved by ≥1 point from 3 months to 1 year in 317/1266 (25.0%) patients with 3‐month
mRS
≥1, improvement in
mRS
after 1 year was limited (improvement by ≥1 point: 91/858 [10.6%]; improvement to
mRS
≤2: 13/353 [3.7%]).

Conclusions

Our results reaffirm use of the 3‐month
mRS
outcome in stroke trials. Although later recovery does occur, extending follow‐up to 1 year would capture most long‐term stroke‐related disability. However, administrative mortality follow‐up beyond 1 year has the potential to demonstrate translation of early disability gains into additional reductions in long‐term mortality without much erosion by non‐stroke‐related deaths.
Volumetric Growth Rate of Recurrent Pleomorphic Adenoma
Authors: Naunheim Molly , Wu Xin , Ryan William R. , Wang Steven J. , Heaton Chase M. 
Published: June 2017

Objectives: Surgery for recurrent pleomorphic adenoma (PA) can be challenging and may increase the risk of operative complications, particularly facial nerve weakness. As observation may be a viable alternative to surgery for slow-growing tumors, our objective was to assess the growth rate of recurrent PAs. Study Design: This study is a case series of patients at our tertiary academic medical center with recurrent PA. Two magnetic resonance images (MRI) were compared; total volume (TV) of recurrent tumor on both studies was calculated to obtain our main outcomes of percent change in TV and tumor growth rate. Results: Fourteen patients with recurrent PA had a median interval time between MRI of 12.8 months. Though growth rates were variable, the median continuous compound growth per year was 10.2%. Notably, 3 patients (21%) had no growth, and 2 patients (14%) had a reduction in TV. Conclusions: The median growth rate for enlarging tumors is estimated at 10.2% per year. Due to variability, tumor growth rate should be estimated on an individual patient basis. For slow-growing tumors, physicians may weigh the risk of this slow growth with the morbidity of reoperation.
Opioids combined with antidepressants or antiepileptic drugs for cancer pain: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kane Chris M , Mulvey Matthew R , Wright Sophie , Craigs Cheryl , Wright Judy M , Bennett Michael I 
Published: June 2017

Background: Combining antidepressant or antiepileptic drugs with opioids has resulted in increased pain relief when used for neuropathic pain in non-cancer conditions. However, evidence to support their effectiveness in cancer pain is lacking. Aim: To determine if there is additional benefit when opioids are combined with antidepressant or antiepileptic drugs for cancer pain. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Randomised control trials comparing opioid analgesia in combination with antidepressant or antiepileptic drugs versus opioid monotherapy were sought. Data on pain and adverse events were extracted. Data were pooled using DerSimonian–Laird random-effects meta-analyses, and heterogeneity was assessed. Results: Seven randomised controlled trials that randomised 605 patients were included in the review. Patients’ pain was described as neuropathic cancer pain, cancer bone pain and non-specific cancer pain. Four randomised controlled trials were included in the meta-analysis in which opioid in combination with either gabapentin or pregabalin was compared with opioid monotherapy. The pooled standardised mean difference was 0.16 (95% confidence interval, −0.19, 0.51) showing no significant difference in pain relief between the groups. Adverse events were more frequent in the combination arms. Data on amitriptyline, fluvoxamine and phenytoin were inconclusive. Conclusion: Combining opioid analgesia with gabapentinoids did not significantly improve pain relief in patients with tumour-related cancer pain compared with opioid monotherapy. Due to the heterogeneity of patient samples, benefit in patients with definite neuropathic cancer pain cannot be excluded. Clinicians should balance the small likelihood of benefit in patients with tumour-related cancer pain against the increased risk of adverse effects of combination therapy.
Barriers and facilitators influencing death at home: A meta-ethnography
Authors: Wahid Abdul Samad , Sayma Meelad , Jamshaid Shiraz , Kerwat Doa’a , Oyewole Folashade , Saleh Dina , Ahmed Aaniya , Cox Benita , Perry Claire , Payne Sheila 
Published: June 2017

Background: In many countries, achieving a home death represents a successful outcome from both a patient welfare and commissioning viewpoint. Significant variation exists in the proportion of home deaths achieved internationally, with many countries unable to meet the wishes of a large number of patients. This review builds on previous literature investigating factors influencing home death, synthesising qualitative research to supplement evidence that quantitative research in this field may have been unable to reach. Aim: To identify and understand the barriers and facilitators influencing death at home. Design: Meta-ethnography. Data sources: The review adhered to the PRISMA guidelines. A systematic literature search was conducted using five databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Ovid, CINAHL and PsycINFO. Databases were searched from 2006 to 2016. Empirical, UK-based qualitative studies were included for analysis. Results: A total of 38 articles were included for analysis. Seven overarching barriers were identified: lack of knowledge, skills and support among informal carers and healthcare professionals; informal carer and family burden; recognising death; inadequacy of processes such as advance care planning and discharge; as well as inherent patient difficulties, either due to the condition or social circumstances. Four overarching facilitators were observed: support for patients and healthcare professionals, skilled staff, coordination and effective communication. Conclusion: Future policies and clinical practice should develop measures to empower informal carers as well as emphasise earlier commencement of advance care planning. Best practice discharge should be recommended in addition to addressing remaining inequity to enable non-cancer patients greater access to palliative care services.
Risk of Second Seizure in Pediatric Patients With Idiopathic Autism
Authors: Qadir Asad A. , Obringer Emily , Hageman Joseph , Marcuccilli Charles 
Published: June 2017

Purpose: Epilepsy is a comorbidity of idiopathic autism spectrum disorder. The aim was to characterize the risk and time of second seizure in children with idiopathic autism spectrum disorder. Methods: A retrospective review was performed at the University of Chicago and NorthShore University HealthSystem. Patients with idiopathic autism spectrum disorder, ≥1 seizure, and age 2 to 23 years were included. Results: 153 patients were included; 141 (92%) had a second seizure. The average age at first seizure was 7.14 years (median: 5.08 years) and 8.12 years (median: 7.3 years) at second seizure. Average time between first and second seizure was 7.68 months. Discussion: A high risk of seizure recurrence was found in this population. There was a short time to second seizure, with most having a recurrence within 1 year. These findings may be used to guide therapy in children with autism spectrum disorder and epilepsy.
Treatment of congenital clasped thumb in arthrogryposis
Authors: Abdel-Ghani H. , Mahmoud M. , Shaheen A. , Abdel-Wahed M. 
Published: June 2017

We report the result of treatment of 69 complex clasped thumbs in 39 patients with distal arthrogryposis. The mean age at surgery was 30 months. Surgical reconstruction included skin augmentation of the first web using modified dorsal rotation advancement flap (Abdel-Ghani flap), a la Carte release of tight structures of the first web, and chondrodesis of the thumb metacarpophalangeal joint. The mean follow-up was 4 years. We prefer chondrodesis because of the presence of global instability, abnormal joint structure, abnormal articular surfaces, and inefficient muscles for transfer. Also, chondrodesis shortens the thumb and may alleviate the need for release of deficient palmar skin and lengthening of a short flexor pollicis longus. The Abdel-Ghani flap provides ample skin that gives a wide rounded web. It is a simple procedure with minimal donor site morbidity. Surgical reconstruction significantly improved the cosmetic appearance and function of the thumb. Level of evidence: IV
Efficient motion blurred shadows using a temporal shadow map
Authors: Hong MinhPhuoc , Oh Kyoungsu 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a novel algorithm that renders motion blurred shadows efficiently on GPUs using a temporal shadow map. Each triangle moves during a frame and for each pixel, it is visible to the light in a range of time. The main idea of our algorithm is to find such visible ranges and store in the temporal shadow map. For each sample which is visible to the camera at a certain time, we can determine whether it is shadowed or lit using visible ranges in the temporal shadow map. Thus, our algorithm solves a time-mismatch problem in the time-dependent shadow mapping algorithm. Furthermore, we use a coverage map to reduce memory footprint used for the temporal shadow map.
The impact of Syrian refugees on natives’ labor market outcomes in Turkey: evidence from a quasi-experimental design
Authors: Ceritoglu Evren , Yunculer H. Burcu Gurcihan , Torun Huzeyfe , Tumen Semih 
Published: June 2017

AbstractCivil conflict in Syria, started in March 2011, led to a massive wave of forced immigration from Northern Syria to the Southeastern regions of Turkey, which later had serious economic/political repercussions on the MENA region and most of Europe. This paper exploits this natural experiment to estimate the impact of Syrian refugees on the labor market outcomes of natives in Turkey. Using a difference-in-differences strategy, we find that immigration has considerably affected the employment outcomes of natives, while its impact on wage outcomes has been negligible. We document notable employment losses among informal workers as a consequence of refugee inflows. Formal employment increased slightly potentially due to increased social services in the region. The majority of those who lost their informal jobs have either left the labor force or remained unemployed. Formal employment and unemployment rates have increased, while labor force participation, informal employment, and job finding rates have declined among natives. Disadvantaged groups, i.e., women, younger workers, and less-educated workers, have been affected the worst. The prevalence of informal employment in the Turkish labor markets has amplified the negative impact of Syrian refugee inflows on natives’ labor market outcomes. Overall, the impact of Syrian refugee inflows on the Turkish labor markets has been limited, which suggests that the potential costs on the European and other affected labor markets might also be limited.
Direct cost comparison of minimally invasive punch technique versus traditional approaches for percutaneous bone anchored hearing devices
Authors: Sardiwalla Yaeesh , Jufas Nicholas , Morris David P. 
Published: June 2017

Background Minimally Invasive Ponto Surgery (MIPS) was recently described as a new technique to facilitate the placement of percutaneous bone anchored hearing devices. The procedure has resulted in a simplification of the surgical steps and a dramatic reduction in surgical time while maintaining excellent patient outcomes. Given these developments, our group sought to move the procedure from the main operating suite where they have traditionally been performed. This study aims to test the null hypothesis that MIPS and open approaches have the same direct costs for the implantation of percutaneous bone anchored hearing devices in a Canadian public hospital setting. Methods A retrospective direct cost comparison of MIPS and open approaches for the implantation of bone conduction implants was conducted. Indirect and future costs were not included in the fiscal analysis. A simple cost comparison of the two approaches was made considering time, staff and equipment needs. All 12 operations were performed on adult patients from 2013 to 2016 by the same surgeon at a single hospital site. Results MIPS has a total mean reduction in cost of CAD․456.83 per operation from the hospital perspective when compared to open approaches. The average duration of the MIPS operation was 7 min, which is on average 61 min shorter compared with open approaches. Conclusion The MIPS technique was more cost effective than traditional open approaches. This primarily reflects a direct consequence of a reduction in surgical time, with further contributions from reduced staffing and equipment costs. This simple, quick intervention proved to be feasible when performed outside the main operating room. A blister pack of required equipment could prove convenient and further reduce costs.