bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling streamflow and sediment responses to climate change and human activities in the Yanhe River, China
Authors: Wu Jingwen , Miao Chiyuan , Yang Tiantian , Duan Qingyun , Zhang Xiaoming 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Quantifying the impact of climate change and human activities on hydrological processes is of great importance for regional water-resource management. In this study, trend analysis and analysis of the short-term variations in annual streamflow and sediment load in the Yanhe River Basin (YRB) during the period 1972–2011 were conducted using linear regression and the Pettitt test. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was employed to simulate the hydrological processes. The results show that both annual mean streamflow and annual mean sediment load in the YRB significantly decreased (P &lt; 0.05) during the study period. The relative contributions from climate change and human activities to YRB streamflow decline between 1996 and 2011 were estimated to be 55.8 and 44.2%, respectively. In contrast to the results for streamflow, the dominant cause of YRB sediment-load decline was human activity (which explained 64% of the decrease), rather than climate change. The study also demonstrates that topographical characteristics (watershed subdivision threshold value, digital elevation model spatial resolution) can cause uncertainties in the simulated streamflow and sediment load. The results presented in this paper will increase understanding of the mechanisms of soil loss and will enable more efficient management of water resources in the YRB.
Analgesic Benefits of Ultrasound-Guided Thoraco-Abdominal Wall Peripheral Nerve Blocks
Authors: Ortiz Jaime , Wofford Lisa Mouzi 
Published: January 2017

Background and Objectives:Peripheral nerve blocks have been associated with decreased opiate consumption along with decreased associated side effects, improved pain scores, improved patient satisfaction scores, and decreased hospital length of stay. The aim of this review is to describe the use of ultrasound-guided thoraco-abdominal wall peripheral nerve blocks for perioperative analgesia.Content:This review article discusses the indications, anatomy, techniques, risks, and available clinical evidence of ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane (TAP), paravertebral, PECS, rectus sheath, and ilioinguinal/ iliohypogastric truncal blocks to update practitioners on the utility of these interventions in perioperative pain management.Conclusion:The increased use of ultrasound guidance in the performance of regional anesthesia has increased the tools available to physicians to provide analgesia in patients with thoraco-abdominal pain after surgery and trauma.
Assessing the Safety of Sitagliptin in Older Participants in the Trial Evaluating Cardiovascular Outcomes with Sitagliptin (TECOS)
Authors: Bethel M. Angelyn , Engel Samuel S. , Green Jennifer B. , Huang Zhen , Josse Robert G. , Kaufman Keith D. , Standl Eberhard , Suryawanshi Shailaja , Van de Werf Frans , McGuire Darren K. , Peterson Eric D. , Holman Rury R. 
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVE
Limited data exist regarding safety and efficacy of antihyperglycemic drugs in older patients with type 2 diabetes. The Trial Evaluating Cardiovascular Outcomes with Sitagliptin (TECOS) was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial assessing the impact of sitagliptin on a primary composite outcome of cardiovascular death, nonfatal stroke, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or unstable angina hospitalizations in patients with type 2 diabetes (HbA1c ≥6.5% [48 mmol/mol] and ≤8.0% [64 mmol/mol]) and cardiovascular disease. We analyzed baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes for TECOS participants aged ≥75 years.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Clinical and safety event summaries are presented for older versus younger participants and for the treatment groups within the older cohort.

RESULTS
Of 14,351 participants with age recorded, 2,004 (14%) were ≥75 years old (mean age 78.3 years [SD 3.1]), with 68% men and type 2 diabetes duration median 12.0 years (IQR 7, 21). During 2.9 years median follow-up, older participants had higher rates of the primary outcome (6.46 vs. 3.67 events per 100 person-years; hazard ratio 1.72 [95% CI 1.52–1.94]), death (2.52 [2.20–2.89]), severe hypoglycemia (1.53 [1.15–2.03]), and fractures (1.84 [1.44–2.35]). In the older cohort, sitagliptin did not significantly impact the primary composite (1.10 [0.89–1.36]), death (1.05 [0.83–1.32]), heart failure hospitalization (0.99 [0.65–1.49]), severe hypoglycemia (1.03 [0.62–1.71]), rates of acute pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer, or serious adverse events.

CONCLUSIONS
Among older patients with well-controlled type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, sitagliptin had neutral effects on cardiovascular risk and raised no significant safety concerns.
Multiscale Simulation to Determine Rubber Friction on Asphalt Surfaces
Authors: Falk Korbinian , Lang Ronny , Kaliske Michael 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT

The interaction between rubber and asphalt pavement depends on the roughness characteristics of the road surface, as well as the contact pressure, slip velocity, and temperature. A homogenization procedure of rubber friction, based on the finite element method, is presented, in order to gain surface dependent friction properties by numerical simulation. Furthermore, the method allows a deep insight into microscale phenomena, like real contact area, microscopic contact pressure, or flash temperature.
Rubber undergoes large deformations in contact with rough surfaces. Therefore, the material characteristics of rubber need to be modeled by hyperelasticity and viscoelasticity at finite deformations and dependent on temperature. Thus, hysteresis friction, originating in energy dissipation of the bulk material, i.e., the viscoelastic properties, is evaluated.
Adhesion friction is a phenomenon associated with the real contact area and is included in the proposed methodology by a physically motivated, fracture mechanical approach.
The resulting macroscopic friction features are validated by experiments based on a linear friction tester. Analytical state of the art solutions are compared with the numerical results.
Computational Aeroacoustic Analysis of a Rolling Tire
Authors: Fabrizi Carlo 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT

Road traffic is one of the major sources of noise in modern society. Consequently, the development of new vehicles is subject to increasingly stringent guidelines in terms of noise emissions. The main noise sources of common road vehicles are the engine, the transmission, the aerodynamics, and the tire-road interaction. The latter becomes dominant between 50 and 100 km/h, speeds typical of urban and extra-urban roads. The noise that arises from the tire-road interaction is the combination of structural vibration and aeroacoustics phenomena that create and amplify or reduce the sound emitted from the tire. The aim of the numerical analysis presented in this study is to investigate the aeroacoustic noise-generation mechanisms of the tire and at the same time provide a tool to develop a low-noise tire. The work is divided into two parts: analysis of the steady aerodynamics and the unsteady aeroacoustic analysis. In the first part, the numerical solution of the Navier-Stokes equation allows us to screen aerodynamic phenomena, such as separations or jet streams that can produce noise. In the second part, these aspects are analyzed in greater detail by means of aeroacoustic analogies, confirming the capability of the numerical tool to provide suggestions for the development of quieter tires.
Isolation and Characterization of Microcystin Degrading Bacteria from Holy Ponds in India
Authors: Gandhi Vikram Pal , Kumar Anil 
Published: January 2017

Microcystins (MCs) are toxic cyclic heptapeptides produced by few toxic cyanobacteria and generally form blooms in eutrophic surface fresh water bodies. They cause acute to chronic poisoning and other health related problems mainly by irreversible inhibition of protein phosphatases (PP1 and PP2A) and increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Due to limitation of non-biological methods of water treatments the exploration of MCs degrading bacteria is emerging at a quite pace to address, through bioremediation, the problems posed by MCs in water and water-bodies. Report and study of MCs biodegrading bacteria from India were lacking. However it was evident, from our previous study, that microcystin degradation can be achieved by indigenous microcystin degrading bacterial population in its natural place where microcystin producing blooms occur. This study has presented isolation and characterization of indigenous microcystin degrading bacteria from holy ponds in Utter Pradesh of India. Overall 20 bacterial isolates were isolated from Microcystis infested different ponds. Out of these 13 isolates were mlrA positive by PCR and were found to be distinct isolates by amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA). However, ARDRA analysis revealed overall four bacterial groups. On the basis of 16S-rRNA gene sequence the Gram-positive-rod isolate PM1 was identified, with 99% identity, as Bacillus licheniformis which was shown earlier to cluster with microcystin degrading bacterium B. subtilis. Thus the present study revealed, for the first time, probable microcystin degrading bacteria in water-bodies from India. The potential and the metabolic pathway of PM1 and other mlrA positive isolates need to be further studied and validated to confirm their application in microcystin bioremediation. Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(4): 436-447
Varietal Improvement of Normal Season Irrigated Rice for Eastern Terai Region of Nepal
Authors: Prasai Hari Kumar , Bhattarai Rudra , Shrestha Jiban 
Published: January 2017

Correction: On 4th June 2021 the name of the third author was changed from 'Jivan' to 'Jiban'.
The coordinated and regional varietal trial of normal season irrigated rice was carried out at Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Tarahara, Nepal in 2014 & 2015. Out of the tested genotypes, NR 2157-166-1-3-5-1, Cieharang and NR 2157-166-2-1-1-1 identified as promising with potential grain yield of 4313, 4290 and 4239 kg/ha respectively in over year analysis (2014-15) under coordinated varietal trial (CVT). These genotypes recorded 25 to 27 percent higher grain yield than national rice productivity and 4 to 6 percent more than check variety, Sabitri. The differences in grain yield among the tested genotypes and between the years were found significant, but interaction of genotypes to year was found non-significant. Similarly, KARAJAT-3 recorded the highest grain yield (4897 kg/ha) followed by NR 1190-24-4-2-2-2-3-2 (4861 kg/ha) in over year analysis (2014-15) of regional varietal trial (RVT), similarly, identified as promising genotypes. These promising genotypes recorded 43 and 8 percent higher grain yield than national rice yield and to the check variety, Sabitri, respectively in over year analysis. The differences in grain yield among genotypes and year were found significant whereas it was non-significant for interaction of genotypes and to the tested years.
Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(4): 489-497
Language outcomes after resection of dominant inferior parietal lobule gliomas
Authors: Southwell Derek G. , Riva Marco , Jordan Kesshi , Caverzasi Eduardo , Li Jing , Perry David W. , Henry Roland G. , Berger Mitchel S. 
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVEThe dominant inferior parietal lobule (IPL) contains cortical and subcortical regions essential for language. Although resection of IPL tumors could result in language deficits, little is known about the likelihood of postoperative language morbidity or the risk factors predisposing to this outcome.METHODSThe authors retrospectively examined a series of patients who underwent resections of gliomas from the dominant IPL. Postoperative language outcomes were characterized across the patient population. To identify factors associated with postoperative language morbidity, the authors then compared features between those patients who experienced postoperative deficits and those who experienced no postoperative language dysfunction.RESULTSTwenty-four patients were identified for analysis. Long-term language deficits occurred in 29.2% of patients (7 of 24): 3 of these patients had experienced preoperative language deficits, whereas new long-term language deficits occurred in 4 patients (16.7%; 4 of 24). Of those patients who exhibited preoperative language deficits, 62.5% (5 of 8) experienced long-term resolution of their language deficits with surgical treatment. All patients underwent intraoperative brain mapping by direct electrical stimulation. Awake, intraoperative cortical language mapping was performed on 17 patients (70.8%). Positive cortical language sites were identified in 23.5% of these patients (4 of 17). Awake, intraoperative subcortical language mapping was performed in 8 patients (33.3%). Positive subcortical language sites were identified in 62.5% of these patients (5 of 8). Patients with positive cortical language sites exhibited a higher rate of long-term language deficits (3 of 4, 75%), compared with those who did not (1 of 13, 7.7%; p = 0.02). Although patients with positive subcortical language sites exhibited a higher rate of long-term language deficits than those who exhibited only negative sites (40.0% vs 0.0%, respectively), this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.46). Additionally, patients with long-term language deficits were older than those without deficits (p < 0.05).CONCLUSIONSIn a small number of patients with preoperative language deficits, IPL glioma resection resulted in improved language function. However, in patients with intact preoperative language function, resection of IPL gliomas may result in new language deficits, especially if the tumors are diffuse, high-grade lesions. Thus, language-dominant IPL glioma resection is not risk-free, yet it is safe and its morbidity can be reduced by the use of cortical and subcortical stimulation mapping.
The effect of timing of stereotactic radiosurgery treatment of melanoma brain metastases treated with ipilimumab
Authors: Cohen-Inbar Or , Shih Han-Hsun , Xu Zhiyuan , Schlesinger David , Sheehan Jason P. 
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVEMelanoma represents the third most common cause of CNS metastases. Immunotherapy has evolved as a treatment option for patients with Stage IV melanoma. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) also elicits an immune response within the brain and may interact with immunotherapy. The authors report on a cohort of patients treated for brain metastases with immunotherapy and evaluate the effect of SRS timing on the intracranial response.METHODSAll consecutively treated melanoma patients receiving ipilimumab and SRS for treatment of brain metastases at the University of Virginia between 2009 and 2014 were included in this retrospective analysis; data from 46 patients harboring 232 brain metastases were reviewed. The median duration of clinical follow-up was 7.9 months (range 3–42.6 months). The median age of the patients was 63 years (range 24.3–83.6 years). Thirty-two patients received SRS before or during ipilimumab cycles (Group A), whereas 14 patients received SRS after ipilimumab treatment (Group B). Radiographic and clinical responses were assessed at approximately 3-month intervals after SRS.RESULTSThe 2 cohorts were comparable in pertinent baseline characteristics with the exception of SRS timing relative to ipilimumab. Local recurrence–free duration (LRFD) was significantly longer in Group A (median 19.6 months, range 1.1–34.7 months) than in Group B patients (median 3 months, range 0.4–20.4 months) (p = 0.002). Post-SRS perilesional edema was more significant in Group A.CONCLUSIONSThe effect of SRS and ipilimumab on LRFD seems greater when SRS is performed before or during ipilimumab treatments. The timing of immunotherapy and SRS may affect LRFD and postradiosurgical edema. The interactions between immunotherapy and SRS warrant further investigation so as to optimize the therapeutic benefits and mitigate the risks associated with multimodality, targeted therapy.
Simulating vasogenic brain edema using chronic VEGF infusion
Authors: Piazza Martin , Munasinghe Jeeva , Murayi Roger , Edwards Nancy , Montgomery Blake , Walbridge Stuart , Merrill Marsha , Chittiboina Prashant 
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVETo study peritumoral brain edema (PTBE), it is necessary to create a model that accurately simulates vasogenic brain edema (VBE) without introducing a complicated tumor environment. PTBE associated with brain tumors is predominantly a result of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secreted by brain tumors, and VEGF infusion alone can lead to histological blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown in the absence of tumor. VBE is intimately linked to BBB breakdown. The authors sought to establish a model for VBE with chronic infusion of VEGF that can be validated by serial in-vivo MRI and histological findings.METHODSMale Fischer rats (n = 182) underwent stereotactic striatal implantation of MRI-safe brain cannulas for chronic infusion of VEGF (2–20 µg/ml). Following a preinfusion phase (4–6 days), the rats were exposed to VEGF or control rat serum albumin (1.5 µl/hr) for as long as 144 hours. Serial MRI was performed during infusion on a high-field (9.4-T) machine at 12–24, 24–36, 48–72, and 120–144 hours. Rat brains were then collected and histological analysis was performed.RESULTSControl animals and animals infused with 2 µg/ml of VEGF experienced no neurological deficits, seizure activity, or abnormal behavior. Animals treated with VEGF demonstrated a significantly larger volume (42.90 ± 3.842 mm3) of T2 hyper-attenuation at 144 hours when compared with the volume (8.585 ± 1.664 mm3) in control animals (mean difference 34.31 ± 4.187 mm3, p < 0.0001, 95% CI 25.74–42.89 mm3). Postcontrast T1 enhancement in the juxtacanalicular region indicating BBB breakdown was observed in rats undergoing infusion with VEGF. At the later time periods (120–144 hrs) the volume of T1 enhancement (34.97 ± 8.99 mm3) was significantly less compared with the region of edema (p < 0.0001). Histologically, no evidence of necrosis or inflammation was observed with VEGF or control infusion. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated astrocyte activation, vascular remodeling, and increased claudin-5 expression in juxtacanalicular regions. Aquaporin-4 expression was increased in both control and VEGF animals in the juxtacanalicular regions.CONCLUSIONSThe results of this study show that chronic brain infusion of VEGF creates a reliable model of VBE. This model lacks necrosis and inflammation that are characteristic of previous models of VBE. The model allows for a precise investigation into the mechanism of VBE formation. The authors also anticipate that this model will allow for investigation into the mechanism of glucocorticoid action in abrogating VBE, and to test novel therapeutic strategies targeting PTBE.
Clinical features and surgical outcomes of patients with skull base chordoma: a retrospective analysis of 238 patients
Authors: Wang Liang , Wu Zhen , Tian Kaibing , Wang Ke , Li Da , Ma Junpeng , Jia Guijun , Zhang Liwei , Zhang Junting 
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVESkull base chordoma is relatively rare, and a limited number of reports have been published regarding its clinical features. Moreover, the factors associated with extent of resection, as well as the value of marginal resection for long-term survival, are still in question for this disease. The objective of this study was to investigate these factors by evaluating their clinical features and surgical outcomes.METHODSA retrospective analysis of 238 patients with skull base chordomas, who met the inclusion criteria, was performed. This study summarized the clinical features, selection of approaches, degree of resection, and postoperative complications by statistical description analyses; proposed modified classifications of tumor location and bone invasion; studied the contributions of the clinical and radiological factors to the extent of resection by Pearson χ2, ANOVA, rank test, and binary logistic regression analysis; and estimated the differences in overall survival and progression-free survival rates with respect to therapeutic history, classification of tumor location, extent of bone invasion, and extent of tumor resection by the Kaplan-Meier method. A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTSThe study included 140 male and 98 female patients with a mean age of 38.1 years. Headache and neck pain (33.2%) and diplopia (29%) were the most common initial symptoms. Sphenoclival type accounted for the largest proportion of tumor location (59.2%); endophytic chordoma was the more common type of bone invasion (81.5%). Lateral open approaches were performed in two-thirds of the study population (78.6%). The rate of marginal resection was 66%, composed of gross-total resection (11.8%) and near-total resection (54.2%). Meningitis (8%) and CSF leakage (3.8%) were the most frequent complications. The mean follow-up period was 43.7 months. The overall survival and progression-free survival rates at 5 years were 76% and 45%, respectively. Recurrent tumor and larger tumor volume (≥ 40 cm3) were identified as risk factors of marginal resection. Patients who presented with recurrent tumor and underwent intralesional resection had a worse long-term outcome.CONCLUSIONSThe classifications of both tumor location and bone invasion demonstrated clinical value. Marginal resection was more likely to be achieved for primary lesions with smaller volumes (< 40 cm3). The rate of CSF leakage declined due to improved dura mater repair with free fat grafts. Marginal resection, or gross-total resection when possible, should be performed in patients with primary chordomas to achieve better long-term survival.
Innover pour nourrir la ville : comment un intermédiaire de la grande distribution renouvelle la pratique des circuits courts (O’Tera dans le Nord-Pas-de-Calais)
Authors: Rouget Nicolas , Lescureux Frédéric , Letniowska-Swiat Sylvie , Schmitt Guillaume , Heude Jacques , Pfirsch Thomas 
Published: January 2017

L’article analyse l’émergence d’un nouvel acteur sur le marché des circuits courts alimentaires, à partir d’une étude de cas sur les magasins O’Tera. Ces « supermarchés des circuits courts », parce qu’ils constituent un maillon d’un nouveau type au sein des systèmes alimentaires, ont suscité l’intérêt et parfois la méfiance. Innovateur par l’application des techniques de la grande distribution et les procédés de commercialisation, ambitieux en termes de réseau et de maîtrise du marché, O’Tera réécrit les relations marchandes entre la ville et l’agriculture. Quels sont les liens que cet intermédiaire tisse avec ses partenaires agricoles ? Est-ce un accélérateur des processus d’ancrage des exploitations agricoles dans le territoire, ou au contraire un prédateur absorbant la valeur créée par le désir des consommateurs pour une relocalisation alimentaire ? L’étude s’articule autour de trois thèmes principaux : le concept marchand innovant, l’interface producteurs-consommateurs et les trajectoires, stratégies et débouchés des agriculteurs-partenaires. Elle révèle la forte croissance de la clientèle, la qualité de la relation agriculteurs/entreprise et une augmentation des volumes vendus à des prix plus rémunérateurs pour les producteurs. Ce modèle hybride apparaît comme une nouvelle source de développement pour des exploitations fonctionnant en mode projet.
Les crémiers‑fromagers
Authors: Delfosse Claire 
Published: January 2017

Cet article analyse l’évolution des liens entre citadins et alimentation à travers l’étude d’un commerce spécialisé, celui des crémiers‑fromagers en France. Son renouveau depuis les années 1990 répond à la fois à la recherche de proximité de la part des consommateurs (proximité avec le commerçant, mais aussi par son intermédiaire avec le producteur), ainsi qu’à la « gastronomisation » de certains produits alimentaires, dont notamment les fromages.