bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytoplasmic isoforms of Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus LANA recruit and antagonize the innate immune DNA sensor cGAS
Authors: Zhang Guigen , Chan Baca , Samarina Naira , Abere Bizunesh , Weidner-Glunde Magdalena , Buch Anna , Pich Andreas , Brinkmann Melanie M. , Schulz Thomas F. 
Published: January 2016

Significance
In addition to the well-characterized main nuclear latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA) protein of Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV), cytoplasmic LANA isoforms are known to exist, but their function has thus far been unknown. Here we show that N-terminally truncated cytoplasmic isoforms of LANA play a role in antagonizing the innate response triggered, by means of cGMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and stimulator of interferon genes (STING), during the reactivation of KSHV from latency. By directly interacting with cGAS, cytoplasmic LANA variants inhibit the cGAS-STING–dependent induction of interferon and thereby promote the reactivation of KSHV from latency. These findings extend the roles of a γ-herpesvirus latent protein into the lytic replication cycle.
Proinflammatory signal suppresses proliferation and shifts macrophage metabolism from Myc-dependent to HIF1
α
-dependent
Authors: Liu Lingling , Lu Yun , Martinez Jennifer , Bi Yujing , Lian Gaojian , Wang Tingting , Milasta Sandra , Wang Jian , Yang Mao , Liu Guangwei , Green Douglas R. , Wang Ruoning 
Published: January 2016

Significance
Macrophages maintain homeostatic proliferation in the presence of mitogens whereas encounters with invading microorganisms inhibit proliferation and engage a rapid proinflammatory response. Such cell fate change requires an extensive reprogramming of metabolism, and the regulatory mechanisms behind this change remain unknown. We found that myelocytomatosis viral oncogen (Myc) plays a major role in regulating proliferation-associated metabolic programs. However, proinflammatory stimuli suppress Myc and cell proliferation and engage a hypoxia-inducible factor alpha (HIF1α)-dependent transcriptional program that is responsible for heightened glycolysis. Our work indicates that a switch from a Myc-dependent to a HIF1α-dependent transcriptional program may regulate the robust bioenergetic support for inflammatory response, while sparing Myc-dependent proliferation.
Native American depopulation, reforestation, and fire regimes in the Southwest United States, 1492–1900 CE
Authors: Liebmann Matthew J. , Farella Joshua , Roos Christopher I. , Stack Adam , Martini Sarah , Swetnam Thomas W. 
Published: January 2016

SignificanceDebates about the magnitude, tempo, and ecological effects of Native American depopulation after 1492 CE constitute some of the most contentious issues in American Indian history. Was population decline rapid and catastrophic, with effects extensive enough to change even the earth’s atmosphere? Or was depopulation more moderate, with indigenous numbers declining slowly after European colonization? Through a study of archaeology and dendrochronology, we conclude that neither of these scenarios accurately characterizes Pueblo peoples in the Southwest United States. Among the Jemez pueblos of New Mexico, depopulation struck swiftly and irrevocably, but occurred nearly a century after first contact with Europeans. This population crash subsequently altered the local environment, spurring the growth of trees and facilitating the spread of frequent forest fires.
Switch-mediated activation and retargeting of CAR-T cells for B-cell malignancies
Authors: Rodgers David T. , Mazagova Magdalena , Hampton Eric N. , Cao Yu , Ramadoss Nitya S. , Hardy Ian R. , Schulman Andrew , Du Juanjuan , Wang Feng , Singer Oded , Ma Jennifer , Nunez Vanessa , Shen Jiayin , Woods Ashley K. , Wright Timothy M. , Schultz Peter G. , Kim Chan Hyuk , Young Travis S. 
Published: January 2016

Significance
Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy has produced promising results in clinical trials but has been challenged by the inability to control engineered cells once infused into the patient. Here we present a generalizable method of controlling CAR-T cells using peptide-engrafted antibody-based molecular switches that act as a bridge between the target cell and CAR-T cell. We show that switches specific for CD19 govern the activity, tissue-homing, cytokine release, and phenotype of switchable CAR-T cells in a dose-titratable manner using xenograft mouse models of B-cell leukemia. We expect that this method of tuning CAR-T cell responses will provide improved safety and versatility of CAR–T-cell therapy in the clinic.
Augmented efficacy of brentuximab vedotin combined with ruxolitinib and/or Navitoclax in a murine model of human Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Authors: Ju Wei , Zhang Meili , Wilson Kelli M. , Petrus Michael N. , Bamford Richard N. , Zhang Xiaohu , Guha Rajarshi , Ferrer Marc , Thomas Craig J. , Waldmann Thomas A. 
Published: January 2016

Significance
Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) manifests activation of Janus kinase (JAK)/ signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway and CD30 expression on Reed–Sternberg cells. Additivity/synergy inhibiting effects were noted with combination treatments in vitro with HL cell line, HDLM-2, when treated with JAK 1/2 inhibitor; ruxolitinib with B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)/B-cell lymphoma-extra large) (Bcl-xL) inhibitor, Navitoclax; or with anti-CD30 toxin conjugate, brentuximab vedotin (BV). Either ruxolitinib combined with Navitoclax or BV alone prolonged survival period but did not cure HDLM-2 tumor-bearing mice whereas BV combined with ruxolitinib and/or with Navitoclax resulted in sustained complete remissions in this model of HL. These studies provide scientific support for clinical trials to evaluate BV combined with ruxolitinib in select patients with HL.
Three-dimensional manipulation of single cells using surface acoustic waves
Authors: Guo Feng , Mao Zhangming , Chen Yuchao , Xie Zhiwei , Lata James P. , Li Peng , Ren Liqiang , Liu Jiayang , Yang Jian , Dao Ming , Suresh Subra , Huang Tony Jun 
Published: January 2016

Significance
We present 3D acoustic tweezers, which can trap and manipulate single cells and particles along three mutually orthogonal axes of motion by recourse to surface acoustic waves. We use 3D acoustic tweezers to pick up single cells, or entire cell assemblies, and deliver them to desired locations to create 2D and 3D cell patterns, or print the cells into complex shapes. This technology is thus shown to offer better performance over prior cell manipulation techniques in terms of both accurate and precise motion in a noninvasive, label-free, and contactless manner. This method offers the potential to accurately print 3D multicellular architectures for applications in biomanufacturing, tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, neuroscience, and cancer metastasis research.
Human neural crest cells contribute to coat pigmentation in interspecies chimeras after in utero injection into mouse embryos
Authors: Cohen Malkiel A. , Wert Katherine J. , Goldmann Johanna , Markoulaki Styliani , Buganim Yosef , Fu Dongdong , Jaenisch Rudolf 
Published: January 2016

Significance
We generated mouse–human neural crest chimeras by introducing neural crest cells derived from human embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in utero into the gastrulating mouse embryo. The cells migrated in the embryo along normal migration routes and contributed to functional pigment cells in the postnatal animal, as demonstrated by coat color contribution. This experimental system represents a novel paradigm that allows studying the developmental potential of human cells under in vivo conditions. Importantly, this platform will allow for the investigation of human diseases in the animal by using patient-derived iPSCs.
Are adults in need of support and protection being identified in emergency departments?
Authors: Jarvis Alison , Fennell Kate , Cosgrove Annette 
Published: January 2016

Purpose
– Frequent attendance at emergency departments (ED) has been identified in adult protection reviews as a potential warning sign of the escalation of someone’s vulnerability. Concern has been expressed about the engagement of the National Health Service (NHS) in adult protection and the small number of NHS adult protection referrals. More specifically ED departments have been identified as an area of high patient through put where there has been little evidence around how well adult support and protection (ASP) was being delivered. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– A series of audits were undertaken in three different hospitals across a large Scottish Health Board accessing ED at different times of day on different days of the week to test out whether NHS staff working in EDs are identifying adults who meet the criteria of “an adult at risk”.

Findings
– The audits identified a total of 11 patients from a total sample of 552 records examined who may have met the criteria to be considered an adult at risk, although further information would have been required to make a fully informed decision.

Research limitations/implications
– The main study limitation is that the hospitals are all within a single Health Board. The EDs have a large number of admissions and it is possible that a less pressurised area, might have a lower threshold of “risk” than the practitioners involved in the audits. The decision as to whether an adult was considered to meet the three-point test by the three people undertaking the audit was dependent on the quality of information recorded on the patients’ electronic hospital record.

Practical implications
– It is essential that NHS Boards proactively support practice in ED settings so staff are able to identify adults at risk of harm under the ASP legislation so that ED staff are responsive to ASP needs.

Originality/value
– The research evidence around adult protection in the UK is still emerging. The development of good practice based on the Scottish Government’s ASP legislation is still being shaped. In England and Wales, the principles of identification and multi-agency working underpinning the safeguarding of vulnerable individuals are broadly similar to Scotland. These audits add to the literature by challenging the assumption that patients who would benefit from local authority investigation and possible support are not being identified within EDs.
Emerging climate changes and the risks to the operation of building assets in the UK
Authors: Alzahrani Abdullah , Boussabaine Halim , Alzaed Ali Nasser 
Published: January 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to report results from a survey on emerging climate changes and the risks to the operation of building assets in the UK. The property sector is facing major challenges as a result of projected climate change scenarios. Predictions concerning future climate change and the subsequent impact on building operations are still subject to a high degree of uncertainty. However, it is important that building stockholders consider a range of possible future risks that may influence the operation of their assets.

Design/methodology/approach
– The literature review and questionnaire are used to elicit and assess the likelihood of occurrence of climate change risks impacting building operations. The survey was carried out among building stockowners and professionals in the UK. Statistical methods were used to rank and compare the findings.

Findings
– The majority of the respondents strongly agreed that the list of risks that were elicited from the literature will have an impact on their building assets within a 0-5 years’ time horizon. It was found that the professionals were most concerned about higher energy prices and an increase in operation costs in general; they were least concerned about an electricity blackout.

Research limitations/implications
– This paper is limited to the UK, and regional variations are not explored. Nevertheless, the buildings’ operation risk study provides a starting point for further investigations into the emerging risks from climate change, and their impact on the operation of building stock. Future work could investigate direct mapping between climate risks and the financial value of properties.

Originality/value
– Findings of this paper can help professionals and building stockowners improve their understanding of climate change risks and the impact on their assets. This paper could also help these individuals to formulate appropriate adaptation and mitigation strategies.
The role of corporate reputation on co-operants behavior and organizational performance
Authors: Graca Casimiro Almeida M , Arnaldo Coelho 
Published: January 2016

Purpose
– Corporate reputation (CR) is an important intangible asset of a company. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of CR on co-operants behavior and on organizational performance in co-operative organizations.

Design/methodology/approach
– This investigation proposes an investigation model and tests the framework using structural equation modeling. For this purpose, 263 valid questionnaires were collected from a research sample comprised of co-operants of the biggest dairy union of co-operatives in Iberia.

Findings
– CR has a significant impact on co-operatives members’ loyalty and on co-operatives’ performance. The model provides a wider comprehension of the CR concept and introduces both the drivers and consequences.

Research limitation
– This investigation is based on a sample of members of one union of co-operatives in the specific dairy milk industry.

Practical implication
– The results give new guidelines to redress the co-operatives traditional management, namely the management of intangible assets like reputation. Internal culture, satisfaction with management, image and communication can boost reputation and thus organizational performance and members’ loyalty.

Social implication
– This paper aims to contribute to the competitiveness of a type of organization closed to the social structure of the rural population.

Originality value
– The results bring the management challenges of the twenty-first century to the traditional principles underlying co-operatives management helping them to reinforce competitiveness.
Coaching executives as tacit performance evaluation: a multiple case study
Authors: Ben-Hador Batia 
Published: January 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine organizational perceptions regarding the coaching process as an evaluation tool.Methodology– The research method used is a multiple case study based on the author’s work with coached executives in eight organizations in Israel. Texts of 79 coaching encounters with executives, their directors and human resource personnel, were analyzed. Text analysis was performed through a qualitative method.Findings– The research findings provide evidence of the intensity of the coaching practice as a tacit evaluating tool for organizational functioning, in relation to five focusses: the selection of executives for the coaching meetings, the participants’ perception of their participation in the coaching process, the organizational control wishes, how participants deal with organizational supervision and confidentiality.Research limitation– Research findings are discussed from a perspective of power relations in the organization, and their significance is presented.Practical implication– The usage of the coaching tool, not only for its original purpose, but also for evaluating and controlling executives tacitly, can hurt the coaching process, and its authenticity.Originality value– The concept of “tacit evaluation” was developed for this research, and the concept of the coaching process as a tacit tool of control and supervision can help us to better understand the coaching process, and its covert and overt components.
Fasting glycaemia to simplify screening for gestational diabetes
Authors: Ryser Rüetschi J , Jornayvaz FR , Rivest R , Huhn EA , Irion O , Boulvain M 
Published: January 2016

ObjectiveRecommendations in Switzerland on screening for gestational diabetes endorse the International Association of Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group consensus. As universal testing is time consuming and glucose loading is unpleasant, the recommendations include a simplification, not performing the glucose loading in women with fasting glycaemia <4.4 mmol/l. Our objective was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of this simplified strategy, compared with the complete test, in our population with a low prevalence of gestational diabetes.DesignWe collected 2298 complete 75‐g glucose tolerance tests. We simulated stopping the test, so avoiding the glucose loading and further glycaemia, if fasting glycaemia was <4.4 or ≥5.1 mmol/l.Setting and populationUnselected pregnant women from Geneva and Basel, at 24–28 weeks of gestation.MethodsWe calculated the sensitivity, and the percentage of women who would avoid the complete test with the strategy based on fasting glycaemia.ResultsThe prevalence of gestational diabetes was 10.9% in our population. Among 251 women with gestational diabetes, fasting glycaemia was ≥5.1 mmol/l in 119 women (47.4%), between 4.4 and <5.1 mmol/l in 78 women (31.1%) and <4.4 mmol/l in 54 women (21.5%). Proceeding with the complete test only in women with fasting glycaemia between 4.4 and <5.1 mmol/l will result in a sensitivity of 78.5%. This strategy would avoid glucose loading in 63.8% of women.ConclusionsScreening with fasting glycaemia is an attractive alternative to universal screening with the complete 75‐g glucose tolerance test. This strategy is, however, slightly less sensitive than previously reported in higher‐risk populations.Tweetable abstractFasting glycaemia can be considered as an alternative to the complete test for gestational diabetes screening.
Lung cancer burden has increased during the last 40 years in Hebei Province, China
Authors: He Yutong , Li Daojuan , Song Guohui , Li Yongwei , Liang Di , Jin Jing , Wen Denggui , Shan Baoen 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundIn 2011, Hebei Province, located in North China with a population of 71 794 239, accounted for approximately 6% of the national population. It is well known as a heavily air polluted area. This study reports the lung cancer burden and mortality trend in Hebei Province from 1973 to 2011.MethodsEight cancer registries in Hebei Province submitted data to the Hebei Provincial Cancer Registry Center. Pooled data were stratified by area (urban/rural), gender, and age group. The proportions, cumulative incidence/mortality rates, and median age at death of lung cancer were calculated. Lung cancer mortality data of 1973–1975, 1990–1992, and 2004–2005 were extracted from national death surveys. Data of lung cancer from Cixian and Shexian were obtained from population‐based cancer registries in each county.ResultsThe estimated numbers of newly diagnosed lung cancer cases and deaths in 2011 in Hebei Province were 32 623 and 27 612, respectively. The crude incidence rate of lung cancer was 45.44/100 000. The age‐standardized incidence rate by world standard population was 39.01/100 000, ranking second among all cancers. The lung cancer mortality rate was 38.46/100 000, ranking first among all cancer deaths, with a significantly increasing trend in Hebei Province from 1973–1975 to 2010–2011, with an increased rate of 189.15%.ConclusionHebei Province suffers a heavy disease burden of lung cancer and an obvious increasing trend has been observed over the past 40 years. Preventive and control strategies should be encouraged.
Birding trip reports as a data source for monitoring rare species
Authors: Camacho C. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractMonitoring long‐term trends in population size is important for species’ conservation assessments. However, it may be unfeasible for rare species, for which past records are typically sparse. Here, I investigate the potential of birding trip reports as an underappreciated source of biological information to monitor rare species. For this purpose, I used an uncommon species – the Peruvian thick‐knee Burhinus superciliaris – as an example to assess population trends over 2000–2010, using flock size dynamics as a proxy. I collected all observations of thick‐knees that could be accessed from birding trip reports across the entire geographic range of the species. In total, I compiled 218 records of 2403 individuals, of which 73.9% were fully useable for this study. Mean flock size declined slightly over the study period in Central Peru, whereas in North Chile it increased at the beginning of the decade and then decreased nearly 90% until the end of the study period. This suggests that, at least at the southernmost part of the distribution range of the thick‐knee, the magnitude and speed of the change in population size could be sufficient to qualify for a threatened category. The use of birding trip reports as a data source for monitoring trends of rare species seems promising compared to other sources, since sightings of sought‐after species are increasingly posted online as a form of tourist attraction and so made publicly accessible for researchers and managers. This study highlights the great utility that birding trip reports freely available online may have to provide retrospective data on rare species that would otherwise be impossible to collect. Nonetheless, they might not be universally valid due to species‐specific differences and possible lack of non‐detection records. Potential biases due to varying sampling effort or detectability should also be carefully considered.
Remotely sensed temperature and precipitation data improve species distribution modelling in the tropics
Authors: Deblauwe V. , Droissart V. , Bose R. , Sonké B. , Blach‐Overgaard A. , Svenning J.‐C. , Wieringa J. J. , Ramesh B. R. , Stévart T. , Couvreur T. L. P. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAimSpecies distribution modelling typically relies completely or partially on climatic variables as predictors, overlooking the fact that these are themselves predictions with associated uncertainties. This is particularly critical when such predictors are interpolated between sparse station data, such as in the tropics. The goal of this study is to provide a new set of satellite‐based climatic predictor data and to evaluate its potential to improve modelled species–climate associations and transferability to novel geographical regions.LocationRain forests areas of Central Africa, the Western Ghats of India and South America.MethodsWe compared models calibrated on the widely used WorldClim station‐interpolated climatic data with models where either temperature or precipitation data from WorldClim were replaced by data from CRU, MODIS, TRMM and CHIRPS. Each predictor set was used to model 451 plant species distributions. To test for chance associations, we devised a null model with which to compare the accuracy metric obtained for every species.ResultsFewer than half of the studied rain forest species distributions matched the climatic pattern better than did random distributions. The inclusion of MODIS temperature and CHIRPS precipitation estimates derived from remote sensing each allowed for a better than random fit for respectively 40% and 22% more species than models calibrated on WorldClim. Furthermore, their inclusion was positively related to a better transferability of models to novel regions.Main conclusionsWe provide a newly assembled dataset of ecologically meaningful variables derived from MODIS and CHIRPS for download, and provide a basis for choosing among the plethora of available climate datasets. We emphasize the need to consider the method used in the production of climate data when working on a region with sparse meteorological station data. In this context, remote sensing data should be the preferred choice, particularly when model transferability to novel climates or inferences on causality are invoked.