bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dorsal Raphe Serotonin Neurons Mediate CO2-Induced Arousal from Sleep
Authors: Smith Haleigh R. , Leibold Nicole K. , Rappoport Daniel A. , Ginapp Callie M. , Purnell Benton S. , Bode Nicole M. , Alberico Stephanie L. , Kim Young-Cho , Audero Enrica , Gross Cornelius T. , Buchanan Gordon F. 
Published: January 2018

Arousal from sleep in response to CO2is a critical protective phenomenon. Dysregulation of CO2-induced arousal contributes to morbidity and mortality from prevalent diseases, such as obstructive sleep apnea and sudden infant death syndrome. Despite the critical nature of this protective reflex, the precise mechanism for CO2-induced arousal is unknown. Because CO2is a major regulator of breathing, prevailing theories suggest that activation of respiratory chemo- and mechano-sensors is required for CO2-induced arousal. However, populations of neurons that are not involved in the regulation of breathing are also chemosensitive. Among these are serotonin (5-HT) neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) that comprise a component of the ascending arousal system. We hypothesized that direct stimulation of these neurons with CO2could cause arousal from sleep independently of enhancing breathing. Dialysis of CO2-rich acidified solution into DRN, but not medullary raphe responsible for modulating breathing, caused arousal from sleep. Arousal was lost in mice with a genetic absence of 5-HT neurons, and with acute pharmacological or optogenetic inactivation of DRN 5-HT neurons. Here we demonstrate that CO2can cause arousal from sleep directly, without requiring enhancement of breathing, and that chemosensitive 5-HT neurons in the DRN critically mediate this arousal. Better understanding mechanisms underlying this protective reflex may lead to interventions to reduce disease-associated morbidity and mortality.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAlthough CO2-induced arousal is critical to a number of diseases, the specific mechanism is not well understood. We previously demonstrated that serotonin (5-HT) neurons are important for CO2-induced arousal, as mice without 5-HT neurons do not arouse to CO2. Many have interpreted this to mean that medullary 5-HT neurons that regulate breathing are important in this arousal mechanism. Here we found that direct application of CO2-rich aCSF to the dorsal raphe nucleus, but not the medullary raphe, causes arousal from sleep, and that this arousal was lost with genetic ablation or acute inhibition of 5-HT neurons. We propose that 5-HT neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus can be activated directly by CO2to cause arousal independently of respiratory activation.
Saliency Detection as a Reactive Process: Unexpected Sensory Events Evoke Corticomuscular Coupling
Authors: Novembre Giacomo , Pawar Vijay M. , Bufacchi Rory J. , Kilintari Marina , Srinivasan Mandayam , Rothwell John C. , Haggard Patrick , Iannetti Gian Domenico 
Published: January 2018

Survival in a fast-changing environment requires animals not only to detect unexpected sensory events, but also to react. In humans, these salient sensory events generate large electrocortical responses, which have been traditionally interpreted within the sensory domain. Here we describe a basic physiological mechanism coupling saliency-related cortical responses with motor output. In four experiments conducted on 70 healthy participants, we show that salient substartle sensory stimuli modulate isometric force exertion by human participants, and that this modulation is tightly coupled with electrocortical activity elicited by the same stimuli. We obtained four main results. First, the force modulation follows a complex triphasic pattern consisting of alternating decreases and increases of force, time-locked to stimulus onset. Second, this modulation occurs regardless of the sensory modality of the eliciting stimulus. Third, the magnitude of the force modulation is predicted by the amplitude of the electrocortical activity elicited by the same stimuli. Fourth, both neural and motor effects are not reflexive but depend on contextual factors. Together, these results indicate that sudden environmental stimuli have an immediate effect on motor processing, through a tight corticomuscular coupling. These observations suggest that saliency detection is not merely perceptive but reactive, preparing the animal for subsequent appropriate actions.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSalient events occurring in the environment, regardless of their modalities, elicit large electrical brain responses, dominated by a widespread “vertex” negative-positive potential. This response is the largest synchronization of neural activity that can be recorded from a healthy human being. Current interpretations assume that this vertex potential reflects sensory processes. Contrary to this general assumption, we show that the vertex potential is strongly coupled with a modulation of muscular activity that follows the same pattern. Both the vertex potential and its motor effects are not reflexive but strongly depend on contextual factors. These results reconceptualize the significance of these evoked electrocortical responses, suggesting that saliency detection is not merely perceptive but reactive, preparing the animal for subsequent appropriate actions.
Progranulin Gene Therapy Improves Lysosomal Dysfunction and Microglial Pathology Associated with Frontotemporal Dementia and Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis
Authors: Arrant Andrew E. , Onyilo Vincent C. , Unger Daniel E. , Roberson Erik D. 
Published: January 2018

Loss-of-function mutations in progranulin, a lysosomal glycoprotein, cause neurodegenerative disease. Progranulin haploinsufficiency causes frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and complete progranulin deficiency causesCLN11neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL). Progranulin replacement is a rational therapeutic strategy for these disorders, but there are critical unresolved mechanistic questions about a progranulin gene therapy approach, including its potential to reverse existing pathology. Here, we address these issues using an AAV vector (AAV-Grn) to deliver progranulin inGrn−/−mice (both male and female), which model aspects of NCL and FTD pathology, developing lysosomal dysfunction, lipofuscinosis, and microgliosis. We first tested whether AAV-Grncould improve preexisting pathology. Even with treatment after onset of pathology, AAV-Grnreduced lipofuscinosis in several brain regions ofGrn−/−mice. AAV-Grnalso reduced microgliosis in brain regions distant from the injection site. AAV-expressed progranulin was only detected in neurons, not in microglia, indicating that the microglial activation in progranulin deficiency can be improved by targeting neurons and thus may be driven at least in part by neuronal dysfunction. Even areas with sparse transduction and almost undetectable progranulin showed improvement, indicating that low-level replacement may be sufficiently effective. The beneficial effects of AAV-Grndid not require progranulin binding to sortilin. Finally, we tested whether AAV-Grnimproved lysosomal function. AAV-derived progranulin was delivered to the lysosome, ameliorated the accumulation of LAMP-1 inGrn−/−mice, and corrected abnormal cathepsin D activity. These data shed light on progranulin biology and support progranulin-boosting therapies for NCL and FTD due toGRNmutations.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHeterozygous loss-of-function progranulin (GRN) mutations cause frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and homozygous mutations cause neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL). Here, we address several mechanistic questions about the potential of progranulin gene therapy for these disorders.GRNmutation carriers with NCL or FTD exhibit lipofuscinosis andGrn−/−mouse models develop a similar pathology. AAV-mediated progranulin delivery reduced lipofuscinosis inGrn−/−mice even after the onset of pathology. AAV delivered progranulin only to neurons, not microglia, but improved microgliosis in several brain regions, indicating cross talk between neuronal and microglial pathology. Its beneficial effects were sortilin independent. AAV-derived progranulin was delivered to lysosomes and corrected lysosomal abnormalities. These data providein vivosupport for the efficacy of progranulin-boosting therapies for FTD and NCL.
Repressive Chromatin in Caenorhabditis elegans: Establishment, Composition, and Function
Authors: Ahringer Julie , Gasser Susan M 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Chromatin is organized and compacted in the nucleus through the association of histones and other proteins, which together control genomic activity. Two broad types of chromatin can be distinguished: euchromatin, which is generally transcriptionally active, and heterochromatin, which is repressed. Here we examine the current state of our understanding of repressed chromatin in Caenorhabditis elegans, focusing on roles of histone modifications associated with repression, such as methylation of histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9me2/3) or the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (MES-2/3/6)-deposited modification H3K27me3, and on proteins that recognize these modifications. Proteins involved in chromatin repression are important for development, and have demonstrated roles in nuclear organization, repetitive element silencing, genome integrity, and the regulation of euchromatin. Additionally, chromatin factors participate in repression with small RNA pathways. Recent findings shed light on heterochromatin function and regulation in C. elegans, and should inform our understanding of repressed chromatin in other animals.
Injury and Mortality Among Children Identified as at High Risk of Maltreatment
Authors: Vaithianathan Rhema , Rouland Bénédicte , Putnam-Hornstein Emily 
Published: January 2018

OBJECTIVES:
To determine if children identified by a predictive risk model as at “high risk” of maltreatment are also at elevated risk of injury and mortality in early childhood.

METHODS:
We built a model that predicted a child’s risk of a substantiated finding of maltreatment by child protective services for children born in New Zealand in 2010. We assigned risk scores to the 2011 birth cohort, and flagged children as “very high risk” if they were in the top 10% of the score distribution for maltreatment. We also set a less conservative threshold for defining “high risk” and examined children in the top 20%. We then compared the incidence of injury and mortality rates between very high-risk and high-risk children and the remainder of the birth cohort.

RESULTS:
Children flagged at both 10% and 20% risk thresholds had much higher postneonatal mortality rates than other children (4.8 times and 4.2 times greater, respectively), as well as a greater relative risk of hospitalization (2 times higher and 1.8 times higher, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS:
Models that predict risk of maltreatment as defined by child protective services substantiation also identify children who are at heightened risk of injury and mortality outcomes. If deployed at birth, these models could help medical providers identify children in families who would benefit from more intensive supports.
Az apolipoprotein M és a szfingozin-1-foszfát tengely jelentősége az érelmeszesedés kialakulásának gátlásában
Authors: Nádró Bíborka , Juhász Lilla , Szentpéteri Anita , Páll Dénes , Paragh György , Harangi Mariann 
Published: January 2018

Abstract: Previous studies showed that plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol are inversely related to risk of cardiovascular diseases. However, in the last few decades it became obvious that beyond its plasma level, HDL structure and function have a critical role in its anti-atherogenic efficacy. Apolipoprotein M (ApoM) is an HDL-associated plasma protein affecting HDL metabolism and exhibits various anti-atherosclerotic functions, such as protection against oxidation and regulation of cholesterol efflux. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a potent sphingolipid mediator that regulates numerous cellular responses including cell differentiation and migration, apoptosis and vascular inflammation. The majority of S1P is associated to ApoM containing HDL particles. Therefore, ApoM and S1P content of HDL have an impact on the atherosclerotic process. Moreover, HDL-ApoM and S1P content can be altered in several pathologic conditions such as coronary artery disease. This review covers the currently available data on the contribution of ApoM and S1P to HDL function in health and cardiovascular diseases. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(5): 168–175.
Public perceptions of biotechnology in South Africa
Authors: Gastrow Michael , Roberts Ben , Reddy Vijay , Ismail Shameelah 
Published: January 2018

A nationally representative survey of the South African public’s perceptions of biotechnology provides new insights into the position of the sector in the public sphere. Familiarity with the concept of biotechnology, and awareness of GM food, have increased over the last decade, although these changes have occurred from a low base. Compared to Europeans, South Africans are more positive about the health implications of GM food, less critical about the environmental impact of GM food, and more positive about the economic consequences of GM food. Knowledge about biotechnology is positively correlated with younger age, higher educational attainment and higher living standard. For marginalised groups, particularly low-income groups in rural areas and traditional authority areas, engaging on the basis of indigenous knowledge systems may prove to be the most effective platform for communication. The concepts of DNA and genes are far better understood than those of genetic modification or GM food, and would therefore present a better starting point for engagement and knowledge transfer. Together, these considerations point towards new strategic imperatives for public engagement in the South African biotechnology sector. Public policy, and broader sectoral engagement strategies, need to take into account: (1) the highly dynamic nature of public perceptions, (2) the diversity of views held by different demographic groups and (3) the diversity of sources of information utilised and preferred by different demographic groups. These considerations would support a strategically targeted engagement approach that would leverage the rapidly growing public awareness of biotechnology in a constructive manner.
Significance:

Provides new insights into public perceptions of biotechnology in South Africa
Informs new strategic imperatives for public engagement in the South African biotechnology sector
Quantifies changes over time and differences across demographic groups in biotechnology perceptions
GAMBARAN KEJADIAN POSTPARTUM BLUES PADA IBU NIFAS BERDASARKAN KARAKTERISTIK DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM TINGKAT IV SARININGSIH KOTA BANDUNG
Authors: Fitriana Lisna Anisa , Nurbaeti Siti 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRAKPostpartum blues merupakan fenomena yang terjadi pada hari-hari pertama postpartum. Puncak gejala postpartum blues terjadi pada hari ke-3 sampai ke-5 postpartum dengan durasi mulai dari beberapa jam sampai beberapa hari. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi Gambaran Kejadian Postpartum Blues Pada Ibu Nifas Berdasarkan Karakteristik di Rumah Sakit Umum TK IV Sariningsih Kota Bandung. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif, dengan teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan Purposive consecutive Sampling. Jumlah sampel yang diambil sebanyak 40 responden. Intrumen penelitian menggunakan instrument baku yaitu instrument EPDS (Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale) dengan jumlah soal 10 pertanyaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hampir setengahnya mengalami postpartum blues ringan (42,5%) dan hampir setengahnya (35,0%) mengalami postpartum blues berat. Berdasarkan usia hampir setengahnya ringan dan berat (30,0%), berdasarkan pendidikan sebagian kecil ringan (20,0%), berdasarkan jumlah paritas sebagian kecil ringan (25,0%), berdasarkan jenis persalinan hampir setengahnya berat (27,5%), berdasarkan jumlah penghasilan perbulan hampir setengahnya ringan (37,5%), berdasarkan pekerjaan hampir setengahnya ringan (30,0%), berdasarkan status kehamilan sebagian kecil ringan (22,5%) dan berdasarkan dukungan sosial hampir setengahnya ringan (35,0%). Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa hampir setengahnya ibu nifas di Rumah Sakit Umum TK IV Sariningsih Kota Bandung mengalami postpartum blues ringan dan berat. Adapun rekomendasi dari penelitian ini adalah diadakannya penyuluhan tentang cara mengatasi postpartum blues.Kata Kunci : Kejadian Postpartum Blues, Karakterististik Ibu Nifas
Pengetahuan Siswa kelas XI Tentang Penyakit Menular Seksual
Authors: Rahmi Upik , Gustini Kiki , Puspita Asih Purwandari Wahyoe 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRAK Prevalensi PMS di negara berkembang jauh lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan di negara maju. Usia remaja (15 – 24 tahun) merupakan 25% dari semua populasi yang aktif secara seksual, tetapi memberikan kontribusi hampir 50% dari semua kasus PMS. Di Indonesia, berdasarkan Laporan Survei Terpadu dan Biologis Perilaku (STBP) oleh Kementrian Kesehatan RI (2011), prevalensi penyakit menular seksual (PMS) pada tahun 2011 dimana infeksi gonore dan klamidia sebesar 179 % dan sifilis sebesar 44 %. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengetahuan siswa kelas XI tentang penyakit menular seksual. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMA Negeri 24 Bandung pada tanggal 4, 5, 8, 9 dan 11 Juni 2015 dengan jumlah populasi 359 orang serta jumlah sampel 190 orang. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan random sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan kuesioner . Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan pengetahuan siswa kelas XI tentang Penyakit Menular Seksual di SMA diperoleh 119 orang (62,63%) pengetahuan cukup 59 orang (31,05%) pengetahuan kurang 12 orang (6,32%). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah pengetahuan siswa kelas XI tentang penyakit menular seksual di SMA Negeri 24 Bandung adalah cukup 119 orang (62,63%). Oleh karena itu peneliti merekomendasikan agar petugas kesehatan dapat lebih aktif lagi dalam memberikan penyuluhan tentang sistem reproduksi khususnya mengenai penyakit menular seksual di lingkungan sekolah. ABSTRACT The prevalence of Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) in developing countries is higher than in advanced countries. The adolescence (15-24 years old) contributes for 25% to all sexually active population, but contributes 50% to all STD cases. According to Report of Integrated and Biologic Behavior Survey conducted by Health Ministry of Indonesian Republic (2011), the prevalence of STD in Indonesia in 2011 shows that gonorrhea and Chlamydia infection is 179% and syphilis is 44%. This study aims at discovering XI grade students of 24 Senior High School Bandung’s knowledge about STD. It is conducted using descriptive quantitative study in 4, 5, 8, 9 and 11 June 2015, and involved 359 population and 190 samples. Simple random sampling was used as the technique and closed questionnaire was used as the instrument. The findings of the study show that most XI grade students of 24 Senior High School Bandung (119 respondents) have adequate knowledge about STD (62.63%); next, 59 respondents (31.05%) have low knowledge about STD; and 12 respondents (6.23%) have good knowledge about STD. To conclude, the XI grade students of 24 Senior High School Bandung’s knowledge about STD is adequate. Therefore, the health professionals are suggested to actively conduct more counseling about reproduction system, especially about STD, in school settings.
INTEGRATION COORDINATED SCHOOL HEALTH MODEL (CSH) AND FAMILY CENTERED NURSING (FCN) TO REDUCE AND PREVENT CHILDHOOD OBESITY
Authors: Darmawati Irma 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRAK Literatur review ini membahas integrasi beberapa model yang dapat digunakan untuk mengelola masalah obesitas pada anak usia sekolah. Obesitas bukan hanya masalah bagi kalangan dewasa, namun sekarang sudah menjadi masalah serius pada kalangan anak usia sekolah. Setiap tahun selalu terjadi peningkatan prevalensi yang dapat memicu masalah serius lainnya seperti diabetes dan hipertensi. Tulisan ini memberikan beberapa solusi dengan mengkombinasikan model coordinated school health dan model family centered nursing. Berdasarkan hasil temuan, diketahui bahwa baiknya program kesehatan di sekolah dapat meningkatkan motivasi siswa dalam berperilaku sehat. Model Coordinated school health menawarkan konsep promosi kesehatan yang berfokus pada pembangunan kesehatan dan perubahan perilaku. Jika model ini digabungkan dengan model family centered in nursing yang diterapkan di rumah anak, maka diharapkan dapat menjadi sebuah konsep yang lengkap dan dapat meningkatkan motivasi anak untuk merubah perilaku kesehatannya. Literatur review ini mendiskusikan penjabaran gabungan kedua model tersebut dalam sebuah program yang dinamakan ABCD sebagai alternatif solusi mengelola masalah obesitas pada anak usia sekolah. Pada bagian akhir, tulisan ini menawarkan rekomendasi bagi puskesmas untuk menerapkannya dalam program UKS di Indonesia. Keywords: Anak Usia Sekolah, Model Coordinated school health, Obesitas, & Sekolah ABSTRACT This paper literature reviewing about integration model which can use in manage children with obesity problem. Obesity not just a problem for an adult, now this is a serious problem in school age children too. Every year the prevalence always increasing, this can be trigger for another serious problem such as diabetes and hypertention. This paper suggest some solution with combine coordinated school health model and family centered nursing. Based on findings the good program in school will increasing student motivation in health behaviour. Coordinated school health model offering intervention for children based on the principle of promotion that sees improvements in health development and changing in health behaviour. If this model combine with the family centered in nursing in their home, it will be completed and it must be can increasing student motivation to change their behaviour. This literature review also discuss about the ABCD programe as alternative for obesity children in elementary school. The final section of this paper offers recommendations for possible way forward for the puskesmas in implementing UKS program in Indonesia. Keywords: Coordinated school health , Obesity children , School, & School age children