bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IPS DAN PENDIDIKAN LINGKUNGAN: URGENSI PENGEMBANGAN SIKAP KESADARAN LINGKUNGAN PESERTA DIDIK
Authors: Mutiani Mutiani 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT The ecological crisis is becoming a critical discourse between society not only nationally but also internationally. The challenge to make the student as responsible citizens demanding social studies teachers to have the skills for conducting effective learning. Strategies for achieving the quality of learning is influenced by various factors that often appear interrelated and together with the dynamic changes in the development of society itself. The aim of writing articles is expected to describe an understanding of how the urgency of the discourse of environmental awareness around us. Environmentally conscious attitude can be inculcated early. This is certainly in accordance with the practice of education in schools. Every teacher in particular in the field of Social Studies can integrate environmental material as part of a discussion. Obviously, such materials could be focus discourses critical for us to preserve the environment. Abstrak Krisis ekologi menjadi wacana kritis bagi masyarakat tidak hanya dalam lingkup nasional tetapi juga internasional. Tantangan untuk menjadikan peserta didik sebagai warga negara yang bertanggungjawab menuntut guru IPS untuk memiliki kecakapan dalam meramu pembelajaran yang efektif. Strategi pencapaian mutu pembelajaran sangat dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor yang kerap muncul saling berkaitan dan bersamaan dengan perubahan dinamisasi perkembangan masyarakat itu sendiri. Penulisan artikel ini diharapkan dapat membuat pemahaman bagaimana urgensi wacana kesadaran lingkungan di sekitar kita. Sikap sadar lingkungan dapat ditanamkan sejak dini. Hal ini tentunya sesuai dengan praktik pendidikan di sekolah. Setiap guru khususnya di bidang IPS dapat mengintegrasikan materi lingkungan sebagai bagian dari bahasan IPS. Tentunya materi yang demikian bisa menjadi pemicu wacana-wacana kritis bagi kita untuk melestarikan lingkungan. Pengutipan: Mutiani. (2017). IPS dan Pendidikan Lingkungan: Urgensi Pengembangan Sikap Kesadaran Lingkungan Peserta Didik. SOSIO DIDAKTIKA: Social Science Education Journal, 4(1), 2017, 45-53. doi:10.15408/sd.v4i1.5718.Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/sd.v4i1.5718
Switchgrass Cultivar, Yield, and Nutrient Removal Responses to Harvest Timing
Authors: Ashworth A. J. , Allen F. L. , Bacon J. L. , Sams C. E. , Hart W. E. , Grant J. F. , Moore P. A. , Pote D. H. 
Published: October 2017

Core Ideas
Phosphorus and K are assumedly remobilized in switchgrass post‐senescence.
Yields peaked early November, but P and K removal did not vary across harvests.
Nutrient removal was lesser for upland compared to lowland cultivars.
Switchgrass can be harvested as early as mid‐September without removing greater amounts of P and K.
Finite nutrients, such as P and K are assumedly remobilized post‐senescence in herbaceous feedstocks like switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) as a function of environmental signaling and genotype. Harvesting early during the maturation phase may result in yield reductions and higher nutrient removal in biomass depending on ecotype. Therefore, it is necessary to target harvest dates that optimize yield while minimizing nutrient removal per cultivar. Consequently, objectives were to compare yields from 2010–2011 on eight widely used and experimental upland and lowland genotype (whole plot) at two locations in Tennessee, to determine: (i) which harvest timing (split‐plot) provides maximum yield; (ii) effects of harvest timing (mid‐September, October, November, and late October) on overall total P and K removal; and, (iii) how results are affected by cultivar. Among all post‐senescence harvests, yields peaked early November (13.2 Mg ha−1), which was greater than all other harvests (P < 0.05), with mid‐October and late October not differing from one another. Because yields peaked in early November, P and K removal did not vary across harvest dates (despite both P and K concentrations declining mid‐October). Lowland cultivars yielded 3.9 Mg ha−1 more biomass annually than upland entries, suggesting lowland cultivars are better suited to environments in the Southeast. Due to lower yields, P and K removals were lower for upland (Blackwell and C62), compared with lowland cultivars. Consequently, switchgrass can be harvested as early as mid‐September without removing greater amounts of P and K, although variations within upland and lowland cultivars will likely occur.
More Recent Wheat Cultivars Extract More Water from Greater Soil Profile Depths to Increase Yield in the Texas High Plains
Authors: Thapa Sushil , Xue Qingwu , Jessup Kirk E. , Rudd Jackie C. , Liu Shuyu , Pradhan Gautam P. , Devkota Ravindra N. , Baker Jason 
Published: October 2017

Core Ideas
We investigated the depth and amount of soil‐water extraction in TAM wheat cultivars.
Yield was largely related to soil‐water extraction under dryland conditions.
Relatively newer cultivars were able to extract more water from deeper soil profile.
Drought is the most important factor limiting wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield in the U.S. southern High Plains (SHP). Adoption of suitable cultivars and crop management practices are crucial to reducing yield loss from drought in the area. We conducted a 5‐yr study to investigate the depth and amount of net soil water extraction (SWE) in four wheat cultivars at different growth stages. Plants were grown under dryland conditions and volumetric soil water content (SWC) was measured in 0.2‐m increments to the depth of 2.4 m at planting, jointing, anthesis, and maturity. There were large variations in grain yields (474–3685 kg ha−1) in dryland wheat across years and cultivars. Yield was largely determined by plant available soil water (PASW) at planting and seasonal precipitation. In a season with high yield (3548 kg ha−1 in 2016), net SWE occurred in the whole 0.0‐ to 2.4‐m profile. In contrast, in a season with very low yield (650 kg ha−1 in 2011), net SWE was limited to the upper 1.2 m. More recent cultivars (TAM 110, TAM 111, and TAM 112) were able to extract more water from deeper in the soil profile (particularly between jointing and maturity), and had higher evapotranspiration (ET), biomass, and yield than the legacy wheat cultivar (TAM 105), especially during the dry seasons of 2011 and 2012. This study demonstrated that effective use of soil water from greater soil depths is important for greater ET and yield under dryland conditions in a semiarid environment.
A Dataset for Three‐Dimensional Distribution of 39 Elements Including Plant Nutrients and Other Metals and Metalloids in the Soils of a Forested Headwater Catchment
Authors: Wu B. , Wiekenkamp I. , Sun Y. , Fisher A. S. , Clough R. , Gottselig N. , Bogena H. , Pütz T. , Brüggemann N. , Vereecken H. , Bol R. 
Published: October 2017

Quantification and evaluation of elemental distribution in forested ecosystems are key requirements to understand element fluxes and their relationship with hydrological and biogeochemical processes in the system. However, datasets supporting such a study on the catchment scale are still limited. Here we provide a dataset comprising spatially highly resolved distributions of 39 elements in soil profiles of a small forested headwater catchment in western Germany (http://teodoor.icg.kfa‐juelich.de/ibg3searchportal2/dispatch?searchparams=freetext‐Wuestebach&metadata.detail.view.id=7d37ae00‐20f6‐408e‐8660‐33bfba07c869) to gain a holistic picture of the state and fluxes of elements in the catchment. The elements include both plant nutrients and other metals and metalloids that were predominately derived from lithospheric or anthropogenic inputs, thereby allowing us to not only capture the nutrient status of the catchment but to also estimate the functional development of the ecosystem. Soil samples were collected at high lateral resolution (≤60 m), and element concentrations were determined vertically for four soil horizons (L/Of, Oh, A, B). From this, a three‐dimensional view of the distribution of these elements could be established with high spatial resolution on the catchment scale in a temperate natural forested ecosystem. The dataset can be combined with other datasets and studies of the TERENO (Terrestrial Environmental Observatories) Data Discovery Portal (http://teodoor.icg.kfa‐juelich.de/ibg3searchportal2/index.jsp) to reveal elemental fluxes, establish relations between elements and other soil properties, and/or as input for modeling elemental cycling in temperate forested ecosystems.Core Ideas
A dataset of elemental concentrations for four soil horizons of a forested catchment
Highly linked with a previous dataset on lateral and vertical distribution of nutrients
The dataset can be used to explore biogeochemical elements and their fluxes in natural soil systems
Estimating Soil Moisture Patterns with Remote Sensing and Terrain Data at the Small Catchment Scale
Authors: Schröter Ingmar , Paasche Hendrik , Doktor Daniel , Xu Xingmei , Dietrich Peter , Wollschläger Ute 
Published: October 2017

Core Ideas
The FCM SEA was used for sampling and spatial estimation of soil moisture patterns.
Multispectral remote sensing and terrain data were combined to guide the sampling and estimation.
Selected vegetation patterns and terrain data provided reasonable estimates of soil moisture.
The FCM SEA was stable to explain about 50% of the total observed variance.
The FCM SEA was superior to an approach driven solely by terrain data.
Detailed information on the temporal and spatial evolution of soil moisture patterns is of fundamental importance to improve runoff prediction, optimize irrigation management and to enhance crop forecasting. However, obtaining representative soil moisture measurements at the catchment scale is challenging because of the dynamic spatial and temporal behavior of soil moisture. High‐resolution remote sensing data provide detailed spatial information about catchment characteristics (e.g., terrain and land use) that can be used as proxies to estimate soil moisture. We assessed the potential use of combined multitemporal multispectral remote sensing (RS) and terrain data for estimating spatial soil moisture patterns at the small catchment scale. The fuzzy c‐means sampling and estimation approach (FCM SEA) was applied to conduct a sensor (proxy) directed (guided) sampling and to reconstruct multitemporal soil moisture patterns based on time domain reflectometry measurements. A comprehensive soil moisture database for the Schäfertal catchment, located in central Germany, was used to test, validate, and compare the FCM SEA performances of the combined remote sensing data with those of a benchmark approach driven solely by terrain data. Results from the study show that a FCM SEA model that integrates bi‐temporal RS imagery and terrain data was more effective in estimating spatial soil moisture patterns relative to the benchmark model. It outperformed the benchmark model in 58% of the cases and was stable to explain about 50% of the total observed variance for a range of different catchment moisture conditions. This was achieved with only a small sample size (n = 30). The results of this study are promising because they highlight the importance of considering multitemporal RS and terrain data and demonstrate how in situ sensors can be optimally placed to enable cost‐efficient monitoring and prediction of spatial soil moisture patterns at the small catchment scale.
Soil Electrical Resistivity for Spatial Sampling Design, Prediction, and Uncertainty Modeling of Soil Moisture
Authors: Calamita G. , Perrone A. , Brocca L. , Straface S. 
Published: October 2017

Core IdeasAccurate estimation of the linear model of co‐regionalization (LMC) requires dense sampling.Once the LMC is known, an approach to design a sampling strategy can be set up.Soil electrical resistivity can improve moisture prediction accuracy via co‐krigingA methodology to assess different prediction uncertainty models was tested.Soil electrical resistivity reduces moisture uncertainty via co‐kriging simulation.Geophysics constitutes a possible approach to estimate soil moisture with cost‐competitive and minimally invasive measurements carrying information about various soil physical properties. In this study, a geostatistical‐based methodology for the integration of easily obtainable shallow soil electrical resistivity with soil moisture measurements was developed. Simultaneous and co‐located surface measurements of soil moisture and electrical resistivity were performed during two field surveys in a test site located in central Italy. After an accurate characterization of the spatial auto‐ and cross‐semivariance of soil moisture and electrical resistivity, an approach to design a soil moisture sampling strategy was set up. Soil moisture point predictions and uncertainties were estimated by ordinary co‐kriging (OCK) interpolation and co‐kriging simulation (CS), respectively. Results showed that at least 17 spatially regular soil moisture samples integrated with relatively denser soil electrical resistivity data via OCK are necessary to obtain a sufficiently accurate (RMSE ≤ 0.05) reconstruction of the average soil moisture at the test field. A comparison with the ordinary kriging interpolator, which takes into account only soil moisture samples, showed an improvement for OCK point prediction accuracy (RMSE from 0.049 to 0.039 and explained variance from 27 to 50%). The spatial uncertainty modeling empirically confirmed that geostatistical simulations furnish spatial uncertainty patterns more realistic and less dependent on the sampling scheme than interpolation approaches. Compared with sequential Gaussian simulations, which take into account only soil moisture data, the CS provided a model of local uncertainty with narrower probability intervals and lower prediction uncertainty.
Effects of Root Distribution and Root Water Compensation on Simulated Water Use in Maize Influenced by Shallow Groundwater
Authors: Soylu Mehmet Evren , Loheide Steven P. , Kucharik Christopher J. 
Published: October 2017

Core IdeasGroundwater, root distribution, and compensation impact transpiration and NPP.Maize is less reliant on the compensated root water uptake mechanism as roots extend deeper.The impact of drought on corn lessens as roots become deeper.Maize increase its carbon fixation during dry years due to the compensated root water uptake.Shallow‐rooted corn benefits more from groundwater subsidy than deeper rooted corn.We investigated the potential impacts of shallow groundwater, root length density (RLD) distribution, and root water compensation on transpiration and net primary productivity (NPP). An agroecosystem model (AgroIBIS‐VSF) that is capable of simulating variably saturated water flow was driven with hourly weather observations in southern Wisconsin over 27 yr for various RLD distributions across a continuum of groundwater depth. The results indicated that the strength of the relationship between groundwater depth and water use in the critical water table depth zone is controlled by the root structure and root water uptake (RWU) strategy. In this zone, transpiration is progressively more sensitive to the groundwater level as roots become shallower. The impact of drought on corn (Zea maysL.) lessens and corn becomes less reliant on compensated RWU capabilities as roots extend deeper. Simulations indicated that the use of the compensated RWU approach results in NPP increases of 38.1 (3.81%), 30.8 (2.74%), and 6.4 (0.55%) g C m−2yr−1during the driest years (i.e., when growing season precipitation is below the 30th percentile of the long‐term observations) for shallow, intermediate, and deep RLDs, respectively. Moreover, shallow groundwater supported RWU, and corn with a shallow RLD benefited the most from shallow groundwater, with an increase in annual transpiration of 230 mm. Our findings underscore the importance of incorporating compensatory RWU and selecting an appropriate and representative RLD for contrasting vegetation types in ecosystem models to simulate a more realistic plant response to variable climate and groundwater depth conditions.
Soil Variability and Biogeochemical Fluxes: Toward a Better Understanding of Soil Processes at the Land Surface
Authors: Martinez G. , Brocca L. , Gerke H.H. , Pachepsky Y.A. 
Published: October 2017

Core Ideas
Pattern recognition techniques can help explain biogeochemical flux variability.
Dynamic factors and their impact on biogeochemical flux variability need better identification.
Controls on biogeochemical fluxes are time and space scale dependent.
Soil biogeochemical fluxes in the vadose zone are characterized by a large degree of variability in space and time. This fact leads to the need for the development and application of appropriate methodologies to better understand the high nonlinearity and complex feedback mechanisms responsible for such fluxes. In this sense, there still exists a lack of knowledge in topics such as the scale dependence of the spatial and temporal variability of the controls on soil moisture and biodegradation rates and the dynamic behavior of flow and transport model parameter, and its association with the presence of roots. Knowledge of the variability of biogeochemical fluxes is needed for assorted applications ranging from natural hazards and environmental pollution risk assessment to agricultural production and water resources management. The contributions to this special section epitomize the ongoing effort toward the characterization, quantification, modeling, and understanding of biogeochemical fluxes in the vadose zone at several spatial and temporal scales. The main progress has been the identification of different controls on soil moisture and biodegradation rates depending on the scale of the study as well as the important dependence of the spatial and temporal variability of biogeochemical fluxes on dynamic properties such as vegetation and weather variables.
Finding land cover change impacts on low flow regimes
Authors: Chandramouli Chandramouli V. , Buddaraju Sivakumar , Kaoukis Nicholas 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Climate changes, as well as land cover changes, affect the flow regimes in streams. Understanding the contributions of climate variables and land cover changes on low flows will help planners and decision makers to improve water resources management. An approach which uses data driven artificial neural networks (ANNs) is proposed in this study. Land cover, rainfall, snow and temperature were used as inputs to the ANN model. In this approach, an index called relative strength effect was used to assess the contribution of each input used in ANN. The proposed approach was experimented in three contrasting watersheds in northwest Indiana, USA. The study indicates that the changes in low flow regime for a less urbanized watershed were explained by land cover changes up to 30% while the remaining 70% variations were explained by meteorological inputs. In the watershed with a more developed area, the low flow variations were influenced up to 80% by meteorological inputs.
Functional Impairment and Painful Physical Symptoms in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder Treated with Antidepressants: Real-World Evidence from the Middle East
Authors: Hong Jihyung , Novick Diego , Moneta Maria Victoria , El-Shafei Ahmed , Dueñas Héctor , Haro Josep Maria 
Published: October 2017

Background:The Global Burden of Disease 2010 study reported the relative size of major depressive disorder (MDD) burden to be greater in the Middle East and North Africa than anywhere else. However, little research has been carried out to examine the comparative effectiveness of antidepressants in this region.Objective:To assess and compare functioning levels in Middle Eastern patients with MDD treated with either duloxetine or a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), and to examine the impacts of depression-related pain on functioning by the type of treatment.Method:This post-hoc analysis, which focused on Middle Eastern patients, used data from a 6-month prospective observational study that included 1,549 MDD patients without sexual dysfunction. Levels of functional impairment and depression-related pain were assessed using the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) and the modified Somatic Symptom Inventory, respectively. A mixed model with repeated measures (MMRM) was employed.Results:The mean age of the patients was 37.3 (SD=8.4) years, and 34.6% were female. Patient functioning was, on average, moderately impaired at baseline, but improved substantially during follow-up in both the duloxetine (n=152) and the SSRI (n=123) cohorts. The MMRM results showed a lower level of functional impairment at 24 weeks in the duloxetine cohort than in the SSRI cohort (p<0.001). Pain severity at baseline was positively associated with functional impairment during follow-up only in the SSRI cohort (p=0.003).Conclusion:Duloxetine-treated MDD patients achieved better functioning than SSRI-treated patients. This treatment difference was partly driven by depression-related pain.
Simulation and Quality in Clinical Education
Authors: Sunderland Ann , Nicklin Jane , Martin Andrew 
Published: October 2017

Background:Simulation-based education (SBE) has become commonplace in healthcare education within hospitals, higher education institutions, the private healthcare sector, and private education providers. The standards and quality of delivery vary across the UK [1], leading to differing degrees of learning for healthcare professionals. This variance in standards makes research into the impact of SBE on the end user (the patient) difficult to measure.Review:The delivery of SBE needs to be of a high standard if learningviathis pedagogy is to be maximised and benefits to patients are to be accurately assessed. This article aims to summarise the importance of quality within clinical SBE and how it can be achieved and maintained to produce a measurable impact on patient care. The current progress of the implementation of UK national standards for SBE is included to highlight the need for standardisation and guidance to support simulation centres and individuals to benchmark practice and work towards accreditation through quality measurement and monitoring processes. Suggestions are made on how such standards will affect the future of SBE and all those involved.Conclusion:There is a clear need for the development of national standards for SBE delivery and for a stepped approach [i.e. minimum, intermediate, and advanced standards] depending on the size, capacity, and frequency of SBE education delivery. Considerable financial outlay will be required to monitor standards effectively. The enhanced use of current and future technologies should be considered with regards to monitoring standards as well as data collection for future research opportunities.