bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The multifaceted role of different SnRK gene family members in regulating multiple abiotic stresses in plants
Authors: Mondal Subhankar , Paul Alivia , Mitra Debasis , Pradhan Chinmay , Seth Chandra Shekhar , Chattopadhyay Krishnendu , Chakraborty Koushik 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAbiotic stresses are a major constraint for agricultural productivity and food security in today's era of climate change. Plants can experience different types of abiotic stresses, either individually or in combination. Sometimes, more than one stress event may occur simultaneously or one after another during the lifecycle of the plant. In general, key survival strategies for stress tolerance may differ from one stress to another. However, at the molecular level, evolutionarily conserved protein kinase SUCROSE NONFERMENTING 1 (SNF1)‐related protein kinase (SnRK) gene family members, comprising SnRK1, SnRK2, and SnRK3 gene families, play a key role in different types of stress and adaptive responses. SnRK gene family members can act as master regulators and regulate the central metabolism of plants, which determines the energy distribution in either survival or growth/developmental processes. The key mechanism of SnRK‐mediated regulation is associated with the phosphorylation of downstream genes, which either induces or dampens the function of target proteins. This may be crucial for maintaining differential morpho‐physiological and biochemical processes in plants, including potassium signalling, ROS homeostasis, sugar signalling, and energy homeostasis. Furthermore, phosphorylation sites associated with different targets were also reviewed, which showed that SnRK‐mediated phosphorylation of Serine and Threonine residues of the target protein is a site‐specific event, where the target consists of specific amino acid sequences, including RXXS/T, Serine–threonine rich regions, or AMPK/SNF1 types. Here, we review different classes of SnRK gene family members and their multifaceted roles in understanding the commonality of SnRK‐mediated responses to multiple abiotic stresses in plants.
Autologous platelet concentrates in root coverage procedures
Authors: Barootchi Shayan , Tavelli Lorenzo , Vinueza Maria Elisa Galarraga , Sabri Hamoun , Andrade Catherine , Pinto Nelson , Sanz Antonio , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGingival recessions are vastly prevalent among the general population. With regards to their treatment, recent advancements in periodontal and microsurgical procedures, focusing on minimal invasiveness and patient‐centered therapies, have propelled a shift in their contemporary treatment, highlighting the field of biologics and bioactive mediators. Among different classes and types of biologics, autologous platelet concentrates (APCs), also referred to as autologous blood‐derived products, are commonly used and preferred among many clinicians. These are essentially obtained via venipuncture (intravenous access) followed by centrifugation, for which numerous protocols and preparation methods have been used, leading to varieties of blood‐derived products. In this review, via a systematic search, we explored the efficacy of the different utilized preparation methods and centrifugation protocols of APCs (e.g., platelet‐rich plasma (PRP), platelet‐rich fibrin (PRF), leucocyte‐PRF, advanced‐PRF, concentrated growth factor (CGF), etc.) for the treatment of type 1 gingival recessions (RT1, without interproximal attachment loss or noticeable tooth displacement), as well as their effectiveness relative to a common control (treatment with flap advancement alone without any additional material). Based on the available literature from randomized trials found in our systematic search, we observed that utilization of PRF can significantly enhance treatment outcomes when performing a coronally advanced flap, in terms of the amount of root coverage. The improvement in root coverage was further enhanced in the presence of baseline keratinized tissue width, and with an increasing relative magnitude (the more the baseline keratinized tissue width, the better the root coverage outcomes when using PRF). The efficacy of these products needs to be further explored with different graft substitutes and matrices, as well as relative to other commonly applied biologics, through well‐conducted and adequately‐powered randomized clinical trials.
Unveiling health inequities: Exploring the role of social capital and public trust in bridging racial disparities in health‐care coverage for Hispanics
Authors: Hwang Hyunseok , Anderson Kathryn Freeman , Vedlitz Arnold , Bixler R. Partick 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study examines the racial disparity in health‐care coverage between Hispanics and whites. Racial disparities in accessing health‐care services have worsened in the United States, exacerbating social and economic inequality between whites and racial/ethnic minority groups. While existing research primarily attributes these disparities to income differences among racial groups, this study focuses on the mediating role of social capital and the moderating role of public trust in formal institutions, while controlling for income and other socioeconomic factors.MethodsDrawing on a survey data set collected in the Austin area of Texas in 2020, we test a series of regression models using mediating and moderating analyses.ResultsWe find that Hispanics, as a major ethnic minority group, have lower levels of social capital compared to whites, which contributes to the gap in health‐care coverage. The results indicate that social capital has mediating effects in positively transmitting the effect of being Hispanic on access to health‐care coverage. In addition, trust in nonprofits positively moderates the main relationship.ConclusionThe study suggests that promoting social capital for Hispanics can help bridge racial disparities in accessing healthcare. Our study provides policy recommendations for nonprofits to collaborate with government agencies.
Geranylgeranylated‐chlorophyll‐protein complexes in lhl3 mutant of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Kodru Sireesha , Nellaepalli Sreedhar , Ozawa Shin‐Ichiro , Satoh Chihiro , Kuroda Hiroshi , Tanaka Ryouichi , Guan Katharine , Kobayashi Marilyn , Tran Phoi , McCarthy Sarah , Wakao Setsuko , Niyogi Krishna K. , Takahashi Yuichiro 
Published: October 2024

SUMMARYChlorophylls a and b (Chl a and b) are involved in light harvesting, photochemical reactions, and electron transfer reactions in plants and green algae. The core complexes of the photosystems (PSI and PSII) associate with Chl a, while the peripheral antenna complexes (LHCI and LHCII) bind Chls a and b. One of the final steps of Chl biosynthesis is the conversion of geranylgeranylated Chls (ChlsGG) to phytylated Chls by geranylgeranyl reductase (GGR). Here, we isolated and characterized a pale green mutant of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii that was very photosensitive and was unable to grow photoautotrophically. This mutant has a 16‐bp deletion in the LHL3 gene, which resulted in the loss of LHL3 and GGR and accumulated only ChlsGG. The lhl3 mutant cells grown in the dark accumulated PSII and PSI proteins at 25–50% of WT levels, lacked PSII activity, and retained a decreased PSI activity. The PSII and PSI proteins were depleted to trace amounts in the mutant cells grown in light. In contrast, the accumulation of LHCI and LHCII was unaffected except for LHCA3. Our results suggest that the replacement of Chls with ChlsGG strongly affects the structural and functional integrity of PSII and PSI complexes but their associating LHC complexes to a lesser extent. Affinity purification of HA‐tagged LHL3 confirmed the formation of a stable LHL3‐GGR complex, which is vital for GGR stability. The LHL3‐GGR complex contained a small amount of PSI complex assembly factors, suggesting a putative coupling between Chl synthesis and PSI complex assembly.
Post‐exchange neutrophil count, but not post‐hematocrit, predicts endogenous erythropoiesis in patients with sickle cell disease undergoing chronic red cell exchange
Authors: Yurtsever Nalan , Tong Nicholas , Geetha Saroja , Nandi Vijay , Shi Patricia A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundWith chronic transfusion in sickle cell disease (SCD), equipoise exists regarding whether increasing the post‐procedure hematocrit (Hct) suppresses endogenous erythropoiesis. Reticulocytosis predicts SCD morbidity and mortality, so this study's objective was to clarify the role of the post‐procedure Hct in suppressing reticulocytosis and to identify other potential red cell exchange (RCE) parameters predictive of reticulocytosis.Study Design and MethodsThis retrospective analysis of 17 patients who underwent chronic RCE at a single institution between 2014 and 2022 examined both standard red cell exchanges (SRCE) and exchanges preceded by isovolemic hemodilution (IVH‐RCE). Post‐procedure parameters with biologic plausibility to influence the subsequent procedure's absolute reticulocyte count (sPre‐ARC) were examined using regression modeling.ResultsNeither post‐hematocrit, nor post‐hemoglobin (Hb), nor ΔHb/day was associated with sPre‐ARC or the change in HbS% per day (ΔHbS%/day). Concurrent Hb was predictive for SRCE but not IVH‐RCE, where ARC trended lower than with SRCE. Male gender and post‐procedure neutrophil and white cell counts were predictors of sPre‐ARC, consistent with their associations with SCD morbidity and mortality. IVH‐RCE had a stronger correlation than standard RCE between pre‐Hct and neutrophil or white cell depletion.DiscussionAlthough targeting a post‐procedure Hct maintains a higher subsequent pre‐procedure Hb and a lower sPre‐HbS%, it does not lead to sustained suppression of reticulocytosis as measured by the sPre‐ARC or the ΔHbS%/day. IVH‐RCE or the addition of hydroxyurea could be considered in those patients with high reticulocyte, white blood cell, or neutrophil counts.
Ex vivo comparison of full‐thickness biopsy techniques in the equine small intestine
Authors: Verhaar Nicole , Hammer Elisabeth , Reineking Wencke , Hewicker‐Trautwein Marion , Geburek Florian 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the practicability and tissue sample quality between different intestinal biopsy techniques.Study designExperimental, randomized ex vivo study.Sample populationSmall intestine of nine horses.MethodsFour different biopsy techniques were evaluated in the aboral jejunum and the ileum within 1 h after euthanasia. One segment was used as control (C), and the applied techniques included an 8 mm biopsy punch (BP), transverse wedge resection (TW), longitudinal wedge resection with transverse closure (LW) and a longitudinal sample using Eppendorfer biopsy forceps (EF). Defects were closed using a single‐layer continuous Lembert pattern. Duration of the procedure, intestinal diameter, contamination, and bursting pressure were determined. The quality of the obtained tissue samples for histological assessment was evaluated using a semiquantitative score. The jejunal and ileal samples were analyzed separately.ResultsAll biopsy procedures including defect closure were completed within 5 min, with shorter closure times for BP (p = .03). Minimal contamination could be noted in 1/8 TW and 2/8 LW cases, without significant differences between the groups. Longitudinal closure techniques (BP, EF) showed more constriction than transverse closures (TW, LW) (p < .05). Bursting pressure was >75 mmHg in all cases. Technique BP showed significantly lower biopsy quality scores (p = .009).ConclusionThe tested biopsy techniques could all be applied effectively within a reasonable time frame, yet the biopsy punch was associated with significant artifacts and risk of missing mucosa.Clinical significanceThe findings provide insights into the possible advantages and limitations of the different techniques and alert the surgeon to potential issues with the quality of the tissue sample.
Immobilization of Cadmium Via Ureolytic Bacteria Isolated from Greywater Waste and Horse Faeces
Authors: Afandi Anis Amira , Basri Hazlami Fikri , Omoregie Armstrong Ighodalo , Mokhter Mohd Akmali , Hara Hirofumi , Ouahbi Tariq 
Published: October 2024

With the constant growth of technology and pollution caused by urban expansion, heavy metal contamination has become an alarming concern. The performance of Microbial induced carbonate precipitation technology in immobilizing heavy metal has been demonstrated by several researchers. While various studies have successfully isolated ureolytic bacteria from a variety of sources, there are very limited studies that have focused on isolating them from local waste sources, specifically Greywater and Horse Faeces for MICP application, which benefits in terms of economical, sustainability, and efficiency for engineering purposes. The study aims to investigate the effect of urease-producing bacteria derived from Greywater and horse faeces on heavy metal immobilization. The methods include collecting waste samples, isolating and subculturing of ureolytic bacteria, testing the physiological characteristics of ureolytic bacteria, examining the tolerance test and evaluating heavy metal removal efficacy through Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) analysis, and last but not least, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy-Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses of morphological and mineralogical properties of biominerals formed after heavy metal immobilization treatment. The study found that bacteria from Greywater were more effective at heavy metal immobilization than those from Horse Faeces. Additionally, AAS analysis indicates the greywater-derived bacteria from the residential area sample's exceptional competence in Cd2+ removal, with a significant 80.19% removal rate exceeding the horse faeces bacteria sample's removal rate of 65.26%. The morphological analysis confirmed the presence of heavy metal carbonate in treated heavy metal samples, as well as presenting insight into the effectiveness and application of local ureolytic bacteria's potential for heavy metal toxicity degradation.
Turán densities for daisies and hypercubes
Authors: Ellis David , Ivan Maria‐Romina , Leader Imre 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAn ‐daisy is an ‐uniform hypergraph consisting of the six ‐sets formed by taking the union of an ‐set with each of the 2‐sets of a disjoint 4‐set. Bollobás, Leader and Malvenuto, and also Bukh, conjectured that the Turán density of the ‐daisy tends to zero as . In this paper we disprove this conjecture. Adapting our construction, we are also able to disprove a folklore conjecture about Turán densities of hypercubes. For fixed and large , we show that the smallest set of vertices of the ‐dimensional hypercube that intersects every copy of has asymptotic density strictly below , for all . In fact, we show that this asymptotic density is at most , for some constant . As a consequence, we obtain similar bounds for the edge‐Turán densities of hypercubes. We also answer some related questions of Johnson and Talbot, and disprove a conjecture made by Bukh and by Griggs and Lu on poset densities.
Isometries of Lipschitz‐free Banach spaces
Authors: Cúth Marek , Doucha Michal , Titkos Tamás 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe describe surjective linear isometries and linear isometry groups of a large class of Lipschitz‐free spaces that includes, for example, Lipschitz‐free spaces over any graph. We define the notion of a Lipschitz‐free rigid metric space whose Lipschitz‐free space only admits surjective linear isometries coming from surjective dilations (i.e., rescaled isometries) of the metric space itself. We show that this class of metric spaces is surprisingly rich and contains all 3‐connected graphs as well as geometric examples such as nonabelian Carnot groups with horizontally strictly convex norms. We prove that every metric space isometrically embeds into a Lipschitz‐free rigid space that has only three more points.
Impacts of time‐restricted feeding on middle‐aged and old mice with obesity
Authors: Yang Yueze , Liu Dexi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTime‐restricted feeding is known to ameliorate obesity in young mice. However, evaluation of its effect in old age is still lacking. The current work aims to investigate the effects of time‐restricted feeding on treating pre‐existing obesity in old animals. The study utilized middle‐aged and old high fat diet‐induced obese mice and subjected them to 8 h daily time‐restricted feeding. Aged obese mice did not lose fat mass but lost lean mass after 8 weeks of treatment. In addition, time‐restricted feeding reduced adiposity in brown adipose tissue, reversed excessive hepatic lipid accumulation, and improved glucose homeostasis in middle‐aged and old obese mice. Mechanistic studies show that these metabolic benefits were mediated by transcriptional downregulation of essential genes responsible for hepatic adipogenesis and adipose tissue chronic inflammation. These results demonstrate that time‐restricted feeding improves metabolic health and has beneficial effects in combating diet‐induced obesity in aged obese mice.
imageKey points
Contrary to in young obese mice, in old obese mice time‐restricted feeding did not significantly reduce body fat but decreased lean mass.
Time‐restricted feeding reduced adipose tissue inflammation, reversed fatty liver, and improved glucose homeostasis in aged mice with diet‐induced obesity.
Time‐restricted feeding is effective in improving metabolic homeostasis in aged mice, but less effective in terms of reducing obesity. Future studies should investigate the underlying mechanism of how ageing impaired intermittent fasting induced fat loss.
Coupled Thermo-Electric-Elastic Piezoelectric Vibration Energy Harvester With Axial Movement: Modeling, Verification, and Analysis
Authors: Zhang Huirong , Inman Daniel J. , Zhou Shengxi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In the field of rail transport and aerospace field, vibration energy harvesting is inevitably subjected to coupled excitations, including train wheel–track interaction induced friction heat and forced vibration, periodic thermal radiation, and vibration excitation. This paper investigates a coupled thermo-electric-elastic piezoelectric vibration energy harvester with axial movement under external heat flux and mechanical force load. The coupled forced vibration equation, coupled electric equation, and coupled thermoelastic heat conduction equation are derived and solved by Green's function theory. To analyze the effect of excitations on the response characteristics, the decoupled method is utilized to solve the coupled multi-field equations and obtain the displacement, electric, and temperature distribution closed-form solutions. The displacement coupling effect induced temperature distribution and the thermo-electric coupling effect triggered displacement are respectively decoupled and analyzed. The obtained closed-form temperature distribution and displacement solutions are verified by the finite element method. To further verify the obtained solutions, a numerical method is conducted by decoupling the coupled multi-field equations and comparing them with prior solutions. Additionally, the different height-to-length ratios, axially moving speeds, and external force load are analyzed in detail. The results indicate that the displacement, temperature distribution, and output voltage vary with external conditions due to the coupled multi-field effect. Overall, this work investigates the thermo-electric-elastic coupling effect on the axially moving piezoelectric energy harvesting, which is beneficial to promote theoretical investigations of the coupled multi-field energy harvesting system and accelerate the practical applications in the aerospace field.
Distribution of Flow Characteristics and Productivity Evaluation of Herringbone Wells in Bottom-Water Reservoirs
Authors: Liu Yuewu , Cui Chunxue , Zhou Zhijun , Zhang Guoqing , Ren Yangqi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
With the characteristics of large drainage area and low drilling cost, the herringbone wells are becoming a significant way to boost the well production, improve the dynamic flow profile, delay the coning of bottom water, and enhance the development effect. Due to the complex flow characteristics of herringbone wells, result in a disparity between expected and actual production, therefore, it is crucial to investigate the productivity and flow characteristics of herringbone wells. In this paper, taking into account the interference between branch wellbores and perforations, the herringbone wells productivity model in bottom-water reservoirs is derived, the flow characteristics and the productivity sensitivity factors are analyzed. The results indicate that the transient flow time in reservoir is brief and that pressure changes increase with proximity to the wellbore, the productivity declines as the production time increases and subsequently tends to a certain value, reaching a quasi-steady-state. The per unit length radial inflow of wellbore decreases as the branch length, branch angle, and the number of branches increase, however, the rate of decrease slows down when exceeding three branches. The phase angle has a larger effect on production in high anisotropy reservoirs, and the production is the highest at 180 deg phase angle. When the perforation density rises above 16 shots/m, the production increasing trend slows down. This study provides significant guidance for practical application in the oil fields, including optimizing the shape of herringbone wells, allocating production in a rational manner, defining appropriate work systems, and improving oil recovery in bottom-water reservoirs.
Effect of Isobutanol/Gasoline Blends on the Performance and Emissions of an Otto Engine-Powered Vehicle Operating on a Driving Cycle
Authors: Herrera Correa Sergio Andres , Gallego Montoya Anderson , Lenis Rodas Yuhan Arley 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study experimentally investigates the performance and emissions of a typical vehicle in the Latin American automobile sector—specifically, a 1.6L spark ignition engine with port fuel injection (PFI) was used. The tests were performed using a Mustang MD150 chassis dynamometer under transient running conditions following the worldwide harmonized light test cycle (WLTC). Commercial gasoline (containing 10 vol% ethanol; E10) was blended with 10, 20, and 30 vol% of isobutanol. Results reveal that despite the reduction in the fuel lower heating value (LHV), adding the isobutanol B20 blend can improve the fuel economy by up to 6%. Similarly, when the alcohol content in the blend increased, the carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions decreased by 10.5% and 10.2%, respectively. Furthermore, the B30 blend resulted in the lowest emissions but had the highest fuel consumption. Notably, these results were achieved without any adjustments to engine key components. Thus, the effects of isobutanol were consistent with the increase in octane and oxygenation of fuel blends.