bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bone metabolic microarray analysis of ligature‐induced periodontitis in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic mice
Authors: Maekawa S. , Katagiri S. , Takeuchi Y. , Komazaki R. , Ohtsu A. , Udagawa S. , Izumi Y. 
Published: April 2016

Background and ObjectivePeriodontal disease is a chronic infectious disease that results in bone loss. Many epidemiological studies have reported the progression of periodontal tissue destruction in patients with diabetes; however, the associated mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we comprehensively investigated how diabetes affects the periodontal tissue and alveolar bone loss using a ligature‐induced periodontitis model in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic (STZ) mice.Material and MethodsDiabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection with streptozotocin in 6‐wk‐old C57/BL6J male mice. A silk ligature was tied around the maxillary left second molar in 9‐wk‐old wild‐type (WT) and STZ mice. Bone loss was evaluated at 3 and 7 d after ligation. mRNA expression levels in the gingiva between the two groups were examined by DNA microarray and quantitative polymerase chain reaction at 1, 3 and 7 d post‐ligation. Tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase staining of the periodontal tissue was performed for evaluation of osteoclasts and osteoblasts in histological analysis.ResultsIn the gingiva, hyperglycemia upregulated the osteoprotegerin (Opg) mRNA expression and downregulated Osteocalcin mRNA expression. In the ligated gingiva, tumor necrosis factor‐α (Tnf‐α) mRNA expression was upregulated at 1 d post‐ligation in STZ mice but not in WT mice. At 3 d post‐ligation, alveolar bone loss was observed in STZ mice, but not in WT mice. Significantly severe alveolar bone loss was observed in STZ mice compared to WT mice at 7 d post‐ligation. Bone metabolic analysis using DNA microarray showed significant downregulation in the mRNA expression of glioma‐associated oncogene homologue 1 (Gli1) and collagen type VI alpha 1 (Col6a1) at the gingiva of the ligated site in STZ mice compared to that in WT mice. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed that Gli1 and Col6a1 mRNA expression levels were significantly downregulated in the gingiva of the ligated site in STZ mice compared to WT mice. Histological analysis showed lower alkaline phosphatase activity in STZ mice. In addition, an increased number of tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase‐positive multinucleated cells were observed at the ligated sites in STZ mice.ConclusionsThese results suggest that an imbalance of bone metabolism causes osteoclastosis in insulin‐deficient diabetes, and that alveolar bone loss could occur at an early phase under this condition.
Submerged vegetation complexity modifies benthic infauna communities: the hidden role of the belowground system
Authors: González‐Ortiz Vanessa , Egea Luis Gonzalo , Jiménez‐Ramos Rocio , Moreno‐Marín Francisco , Pérez‐Lloréns José Lucas , Bouma Tjeerd , Brun Fernando 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMarine plants provide a variety of functions with high economic and ecological values in ecosystems. The above‐ (AG) and below‐ground (BG) systems increase the structural complexity of plants, which also enhance faunal abundance and diversity. The ecological role of the AG compartment in structuring inter‐tidal macrobenthic communities has been widely studied; however, this is not the case for the BG compartment. This study addressed the effects of variation in vegetation complexity (in both AG and BG systems) on associated macrobenthic infauna with respect to abundance, species richness, composition, weight and body type. To achieve this aim, a field experiment using artificial vegetation mimics was carried out using replicated treatments with different AG‐BG complexity ratios. We found a significant increase in the density and the number of taxa of macrobenthic infaunal species in plots with vegetation mimics compared with unvegetated areas, regardless of either AG or BG complexity. This effect was found even when AG parts were not present (i.e. when only BG parts were used). Furthermore, a positive relationship between structural complexity and diversity was recorded. Variation in one or both plant compartments was strongly related to diversity changes in the associated macrobenthic infauna. In conclusion, our experimental set‐up provides the first evidence that the BG compartment is at least as important as the AG compartment in controlling diversity in inter‐tidal vegetated areas because it was able to strongly affect community structure even when the AG system was totally absent.
Phosphorus starvation induces membrane remodeling and recycling in Emiliania huxleyi
Authors: Shemi Adva , Schatz Daniella , Fredricks Helen F. , Van Mooy Benjamin A. S. , Porat Ziv , Vardi Assaf 
Published: April 2016

Summary

Nutrient availability is an important factor controlling phytoplankton productivity. Phytoplankton contribute c. 50% of the global photosynthesis and possess efficient acclimation mechanisms to cope with nutrient stress. We investigate the cellular response of the bloom‐forming coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi to phosphorus (P) scarcity, which is often a limiting factor in marine ecosystems.

We combined mass spectrometry, fluorescence microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and gene expression analyses in order to assess diverse cellular features in cells exposed to P limitation and recovery.

Early starvation‐induced substitution of phospholipids in the cells' membranes with galacto‐ and betaine lipids. Lipid remodeling was rapid and reversible upon P resupply. The PI3K inhibitor wortmannin reduced phospholipid substitution, suggesting a possible involvement of PI3K‐ signaling in this process. In addition, P limitation enhanced the formation and acidification of membrane vesicles in the cytoplasm. Intracellular vesicles may facilitate the recycling of cytoplasmic content, which is engulfed in the vesicles and delivered to the main vacuole. Long‐term starvation was characterized by a profound increase in cell size and morphological alterations in cellular ultrastructure.

This study provides cellular and molecular basis for future ecophysiological assessment of natural E. huxleyi populations in oligotrophic regions.
The Oral HIV/AIDS Research Alliance Program: lessons learned and future directions
Authors: Shiboski CH , Webster‐Cyriaque JY , Ghannoum M , Dittmer DP , Greenspan JS ,   the Oral HIV/AIDS Research Alliance, Subcommittee of the AIDS Clinical Trial Group
Published: April 2016

The Oral HIV/AIDS Research Alliance (OHARA) was established in 2006 to provide the capacity to investigate the oral complications associated with HIV/AIDS within the ACTG infrastructure. Its goals were to explore the effects of potent antiretroviral therapy (ART) on the development of opportunistic infections, and variation and resistance of opportunistic pathogens in the context of immune suppression and long‐term ART. The objectives of this talk, presented as part of a plenary session at the 7th World Workshop on Oral Health and Disease in AIDS, were to (i) provide an overview of OHARA's most recent research agenda, and how it evolved since OHARA's inception; (ii) describe OHARA's main accomplishments, including examples of research protocols completed and their key findings; and (iii) describe spin‐off projects derived from OHARA, lessons learned, and future directions.OHARA has met its central goal and made key contributions to the field in several ways: (i) by developing/updating diagnostic criteria for oral disease endpoints commonly measured in OHARA protocols and in HIV/AIDS research in general and has creating standardized training modules, both for measuring these oral disease endpoints across clinical specialties, and for collecting oral fluid specimens; (ii) by implementing a total of nine protocols, six of which are completed. Three protocols involved domestic research sites, while three involved international research sites (in Africa, India, and South America); (iii) and by developing and validating a number of laboratory assays used in its protocols and in the field of oral HIV/AIDS research.
Impact of periodontal intervention on local inflammation, periodontitis, and HIV outcomes
Authors: Valentine J , Saladyanant T , Ramsey K , Blake J , Morelli T , Southerland J , Quinlivan EB , Phillips C , Nelson JAE , DeParis K , Webster‐Cyriaque J 
Published: April 2016

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine active periodontal disease status in HIV and to determine the impact of periodontal disease resolution on HIV status.MethodsIn this longitudinal cohort study, 73 HIV‐positive subjects received comprehensive dental care. AAP, CDC/AAP, and BGI case definitions determined periodontal classification. Likelihood and frequency of moderate/severe periodontal disease were assessed based on demographic variables. The influence of periodontal intervention was assessed at baseline, 12, and 24 months. IL‐6 was measured in a subset of subjects.ResultsOf the periodontal classifications, BGI demonstrated the highest percentage category improvement with the intervention (>50%). Moderate/severe periodontitis was positively associated with HIV regardless of race, smoking status, gender, income level, and age, and was associated with increased IL‐6. At baseline, the majority of subjects had severe periodontal disease regardless of ART status. Subjects with suppressed viral load at baseline demonstrated a significant improvement in BGI classification (P = 0.026), increased CD4 counts (P = 0.027), and decreased IL‐6 levels (P = 0.03).ConclusionsPeriodontal inflammation was prevalent regardless of ART status. In virologically suppressed subjects, the intervention decreased periodontitis with a concomitant IL‐6 decrease and CD4 increase. These findings suggest a relationship between periodontal inflammation, oral microbial translocation, and HIV status.
Feasting at Marj Rabba, An Early Chalcolithic Site in the Galilee
Authors: Hill Austin “CHAD” , Price Max D. , Rowan Yorke M. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryFeasting is a common part of human culture in the present and past that can serve a variety of roles such as creating and maintaining social identities within and between social groups. In zooarchaeology, feasting evidence, rather than the accumulated and mixed refuse from long‐term consumption, often gives us some of the only data from individual events at a site. A cattle bone refuse pit at the site of Marj Rabba, Israel, provides evidence for feasting from the early Chalcolithic (c.4500–3600 BC) in the southern Levant. The presence of cattle feasts at Marj Rabba provides a glimpse of cultural practices in this critical transitional period that may mirror practices from earlier periods.
Facilitating Interaction: Board Games as Social Lubricants in the Ancient Near East
Authors: Crist Walter , de Voogt Alex , Dunn‐Vaturi Anne‐Elizabeth 
Published: April 2016

SummaryThis re‐evaluation of existing data on board games from the Near Eastern Bronze Age demonstrates their function as social lubricants in cross‐cultural interaction. Board games are situated theoretically as liminoid practices, which lie outside the bounds of normative social behaviour and allow for interaction across social boundaries. Utilizing double‐sided game boards, with an indigenous game on one side and a newly introduced game on the other, the games of senet, mehen and twenty squares provide evidence for social interactions. Cypriots had adopted Egyptian mehen and senet by the third millennium BC, and indigenized the games. This lies in contrast to the game of twenty squares, which had a particular role among elites in the Late Bronze Age interaction sphere. This anthropological discussion of evidence relating to gaming seeks to inspire further research on the role of board games in society.
Testing Against a Linear Regression Model Using Ideas from Shape-Restricted Estimation
Authors: Sen Bodhisattva , Meyer Mary 
Published: April 2016

SummaryA formal likelihood ratio hypothesis test for the validity of a parametric regression function is proposed, using a large dimensional, non-parametric double-cone alternative. For example, the test against a constant function uses the alternative of increasing or decreasing regression functions, and the test against a linear function uses the convex or concave alternative. The test proposed is exact and unbiased and the critical value is easily computed. The power of the test increases to 1 as the sample size increases, under very mild assumptions—even when the alternative is misspecified, i.e. the power of the test converges to 1 for any true regression function that deviates (in a non-degenerate way) from the parametric null hypothesis. We also formulate tests for the linear versus partial linear model and consider the special case of the additive model. Simulations show that our procedure behaves well consistently when compared with other methods. Although the alternative fit is non-parametric, no tuning parameters are involved. Supplementary materials with proofs and technical details are available on line.
Can immunosuppressive therapy facilitate the diagnosis and affect the clinical signs of canine scabies? A retrospective study of 79 cases
Authors: Souza Clarissa P. , Torres Sheila M. F. , Koch Sandra N. , Rendahl Aaron , Verocai Guilherme G. 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundScabies infestation is one of the most pruritic dermatoses of dogs. It is often misdiagnosed and dogs are treated with immunomodulatory drugs (IMD) to relieve pruritus.Hypothesis/ObjectivesThe primary goals of this study were to determine the impact of IMD on skin scraping results, pruritus level and extent of skin lesions, and to evaluate whether disease duration is associated with positive skin scrapings and contagion.AnimalsSeventy nine dogs with a final diagnosis of scabies.MethodsInclusion in this retrospective study required a positive skin scraping for scabies or a clinical response to an acaricidal treatment trial.ResultsThe average pruritus score of dogs that received IMD (8.71) was significantly higher than those that did not (7.43; P = 0.03). However, there were no significant differences in either the rates of positive skin scrapings (79.6% versus 59.1%; P = 0.13) or the mean number of body sites affected (3.8 versus 3.4; P = 0.30) between dogs that received IMD and those that did not. Neither skin scraping status nor duration of clinical signs were correlated with a report of contagion within the household.Conclusion/Clinical importanceIMD was associated with a significant increase in the pruritus level, but not with the mean number of lesional body sites. Dogs exposed to IMD had a 20.5% higher rate of positive skin scrapings. This difference could be clinically relevant and lack of statistical significance may indicate an underpowered study.
Crocin-Elicited Autophagy Rescues Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via Paradoxical Mechanisms
Authors: Zeng Chao , Li Hu , Fan Zhiwen , Zhong Lei , Guo Zhen , Guo Yaping , Xi Yusheng 
Published: April 2016

Crocin, the main effective component of saffron, exerts protective effects against ischemia/reperfusion injury during strokes. However, the effects of crocin in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, and the mechanisms involved, remain unknown. Pretreated with crocin for 7 days, C57BL/6N mice were subjected to 30 min of myocardial ischemia followed by 12[Formula: see text]h of reperfusion (for cardiac function and infarct size, cell apoptosis and necrosis). Neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes were subjected to 2 h of hypoxia followed by 4 h of reoxygenation. NMCM’s survival was assessed during hypoxia and reoxygenation in the presence or absence of the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine or the inducer rapamycin. Western blotting was used to evaluate AMPK, Akt, and autophagy-related proteins. Autophagosome was observed using electron microscopy. In the in vivo experiment, crocin pretreatment significantly attenuated infarct size, myocardial apoptosis and necrosis, and improved left ventricular function following ischemia/reperfusion. In vitro data revealed that autophagy was induced during hypoxia, the levels of which were intensely elevated during reoxygenation. Crocin significantly promoted autophagy during ischemia, accompanied with the activation of AMPK. In contrast, crocin overtly inhibited autophagy during reperfusion, accompanied with Akt activation. Induction and inhibition of autophagy mitigated crocin induced protection against NMCMs injury during hypoxia and reoxygenation, respectively. Our data suggest that crocin demonstrated a myocardial protective effect via AMPK/mTOR and Akt/mTOR regulated autophagy against ischemia and reperfusion injury, respectively.
Reflexos da fábula indiana nos textos de Monteiro Lobato
Authors: Vargas Maria Valíria Aderson de Mello 
Published: April 2016

Na expansão das fábulas indianas (aqui representadas pela coleção Pancatantra) para o ocidente, traça-se, a partir da versão árabe Calila e Dimna, o caminho que vai proporcionar material para grande parte das fábulas de La Fontaine e, por meio deste, para algumas de Monteiro Lobato. Examinam-se, então, três fábulas sânscritas do Pancatantra recontadas por Lobato, apontando-se os mecanismos de organização discursiva da fábula clássica -esópica ou indiana que permanecem nas manifestações mais recentes. Infere­ se, sobretudo, que a intertextualidade se distingue entre os critérios básicos para a caracterização do gênero literário fábula.
Uma formação na malandragem: fraternidade, subsistência e marginalidade em Malagueta, Perus e Bacanaço, de João Antônio
Authors: Zeni Bruno 
Published: April 2016

O ensaio analisa os contos de Malagueta, Perus e Bacanaço, de João Antônio, segundo a trajetória de formação de seus protagonistas. Procura compreender a aproximação entre sinuca, marginalidade e literatura como expressão de um projeto de comunhão fraterna entre escritor, leitor e universo ficcional.
Ablation Versus Amiodarone for Treatment of Persistent Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Congestive Heart Failure and an Implanted Device
Authors: Di Biase Luigi , Mohanty Prasant , Mohanty Sanghamitra , Santangeli Pasquale , Trivedi Chintan , Lakkireddy Dhanunjaya , Reddy Madhu , Jais Pierre , Themistoclakis Sakis , Dello Russo Antonio , Casella Michela , Pelargonio Gemma , Narducci Maria Lucia , Schweikert Robert , Neuzil Petr , Sanchez Javier , Horton Rodney , Beheiry Salwa , Hongo Richard , Hao Steven , Rossillo Antonio , Forleo Giovanni , Tondo Claudio , Burkhardt J. David , Haissaguerre Michel , Natale Andrea 
Published: April 2016

Background—
Whether catheter ablation (CA) is superior to amiodarone (AMIO) for the treatment of persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with heart failure is unknown.

Methods and Results—

This was an open-label, randomized, parallel-group, multicenter study. Patients with persistent AF, dual-chamber implantable cardioverter defibrillator or cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator, New York Heart Association II to III, and left ventricular ejection fraction <40% within the past 6 months were randomly assigned (1:1 ratio) to undergo CA for AF (group 1, n=102) or receive AMIO (group 2, n=101). Recurrence of AF was the primary end point. All-cause mortality and unplanned hospitalization were the secondary end points. Patients were followed up for a minimum of 24 months. At the end of follow-up, 71 (70%; 95% confidence interval, 60%–78%) patients in group 1 were recurrence free after an average of 1.4±0.6 procedures in comparison with 34 (34%; 95% confidence interval, 25%–44%) in group 2 (log-rank
P
<0.001). The success rate of CA in the different centers after a single procedure ranged from 29% to 61%. After adjusting for covariates in the multivariable model, AMIO therapy was found to be significantly more likely to fail (hazard ratio, 2.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.5–4.3;
P
<0.001) than CA. Over the 2-year follow-up, the unplanned hospitalization rate was (32 [31%] in group 1 and 58 [57%] in group 2;
P
<0.001), showing 45% relative risk reduction (relative risk, 0.55; 95% confidence interval, 0.39–0.76). A significantly lower mortality was observed in CA (8 [8%] versus AMIO (18 [18%];
P
=0.037).

Conclusions—
This multicenter randomized study shows that CA of AF is superior to AMIO in achieving freedom from AF at long-term follow-up and reducing unplanned hospitalization and mortality in patients with heart failure and persistent AF.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00729911.
Estimates of Eddy Heat Flux Crossing the Antarctic Circumpolar Current from Observations in Drake Passage
Authors: Watts D. Randolph , Tracey Karen L. , Donohue Kathleen A. , Chereskin Teresa K. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe 4-yr measurements by current- and pressure-recording inverted echo sounders in Drake Passage produced statistically stable eddy heat flux estimates. Horizontal currents in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) turn with depth when a depth-independent geostrophic current crosses the upper baroclinic zone. The dynamically important divergent component of eddy heat flux is calculated. Whereas full eddy heat fluxes differ greatly in magnitude and direction at neighboring locations within the local dynamics array (LDA), the divergent eddy heat fluxes are poleward almost everywhere. Case studies illustrate baroclinic instability events that cause meanders to grow rapidly. In the southern passage, where eddy variability is weak, heat fluxes are weak and not statistically significant. Vertical profiles of heat flux are surface intensified with ~50% above 1000 m and uniformly distributed with depth below. Summing poleward transient eddy heat transport across the LDA of −0.010 ± 0.005 PW with the stationary meander contribution of −0.004 ± 0.001 PW yields −0.013 ± 0.005 PW. A comparison metric, −0.4 PW, represents the total oceanic heat loss to the atmosphere south of 60°S. Summed along the circumpolar ACC path, if the LDA heat flux occurred at six “hot spots” spanning similar or longer path segments, this could account for 20%–70% of the metric, that is, up to −0.28 PW. The balance of ocean poleward heat transport along the remaining ACC path should come from weak eddy heat fluxes plus mean cross-front temperature transports. Alternatively, the metric −0.4 PW, having large uncertainty, may be high.
From pulpal stem cells to tooth repair: an emerging field for dental tissue engineering
Authors: Baudry Anne , Uzunoglu Emel , Schneider Benoit , Kellermann Odile , Goldberg Michel 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
In current dental practices, traditional restorative approaches may have relatively limited long-term survival and may be associated to diverse complications, such as allergy, pulpitis, or periodontal pathologies. To overcome these shortcomings, novel innovative strategies have been envisioned for tooth repair. During the two last decades, the extensive advances in our understanding of tooth development as well as stem cell research provide the foundation for exciting opportunities in dental tissue engineering. The replacement of lost teeth by engineered dental tissue appears as a fascinating goal. However, the feasibility remains an intriguing question. Is the challenge to create a new tooth acting as a substitute for lost tooth or to regenerate only part of this organ that is enamel, dentin, or dental pulp? Is it possible to exploit stem cells for transplantation purposes to promote matrix formation and mineralization in the framework of endodontic treatment? Finally, investigating the functional properties of pulpal stem cells is however mandatory to envision novel therapeutic dental strategies. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of stem cells used for dental tissue engineering and discuss the ensuing challenges for regenerative dentistry.