bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aluminium chloride‐induced toxicity in zebrafish larvae
Authors: Monaco A , Grimaldi M C , Ferrandino I 
Published: August 2016

AbstractEmbryos at shield stage and larvae at protruding mouth stage were exposed to different concentrations of aluminium chloride (AlCl3) for 72 h with the purpose to analyse their phenotype and lethality. After 24, 48 and 72 h of treatment, higher toxicity of the metal was observed on larvae with minimal lethal concentration of 0.25, 0.20 and 0.08 mm, respectively, while for embryos the corresponding values were 40, 25 and 16 mm. We observed pericardial oedema and alteration of heart rate in 50% of larvae after 48 h of exposure to 100 μm. In larvae exposed to the same concentration, there was also a neurological injury at the level of glial cells, with the number of glial fibrillary acidic protein‐positive cells being significantly reduced. This study confirms the toxic nature of this metal and shows that aluminium could also interestingly represent a cardiotoxin in addition to its neurotoxic ability.
Effects of Treatment with 1‐Methylcyclopropene and Clo2 on the Postharvest Shelf‐Life and Physiological Quality of Mulberry Fruit (Morus alba L.)
Authors: Fang Yin , Ren Zi‐Xu , Chen Cheng , Jin Chao , Thasma Raman Sivakumar , Palani Gounder Ganeshan Ajay Krishna , Jia Jun‐Qiang , Gui Zhong‐Zheng 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we examined the use of 1‐methylcyclopropene (1‐MCP) and ClO2 as safe and effective preservative agents for mulberries. Individual treatment of 1 g/m3 1‐MCP or ClO2 at 20 g/m3 significantly delayed fruit senescence and did not affect sensory qualities. Combined treatment of 1 g/m3 1‐MCP and 12 g/m3 ClO2 yielded the lowest mildew rate, and the fruits remained plump and bright with bright green stalks on the third day. In contrast, most of the mulberry fruits of the control group were moldy on the second day, with no edible value. Physiological quality studies showed that combined treatment of 1‐MCP and ClO2 could effectively maintain the nutritive qualities, such as ascorbic acid and polysaccharide contents and titratable acidity, and delay malondialdehyde accumulation. Thus, combined treatment of 1‐MCP and ClO2 prolonged the shelf‐life of mulberries for about 3 days. Our finding is of great value to the horticulture and fruit postharvest.Practical ApplicationsCurrent methods used for fruit and vegetable preservation might leave harmful chemical residues. 1‐Methylcyclopropene (1‐MCP) has been found to effectively regulate fruit maturation and prolong fruit shelf‐life, and ClO2 is a strong oxidant that leaves no harmful substances or odor residuals after treatment. We show that combined treatment of 1 g/m3 1‐MCP and 12 g/m3 ClO2 can maintain the mulberry fruit's exterior qualities and significantly reduce the rotting rate and weight loss ratio. We demonstrate the applicability of the combined treatment of (1‐MCP) and ClO2 to prolong the shelf‐life of mulberries for about 3 days. Our finding is of great value to the horticulture and postharvest and industry because mulberry fruit has a very low shelf‐life. Its maturation period is extremely short, rendering its storage, transportation, and sale very difficult.
Prediction Models for Textural Properties of Puffed Rice Starch Product by Relative Crystallinity
Authors: Jiamjariyatam Rossaporn , Kongpensook Varapha , Pradipasena Pasawadee 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis research aimed to determine the textural attributes of fried puffed rice starch products by the relative crystallinity (RC) of pellets (RCp). Three factors, amylose content (AC), aging time and cooling rate were varied to obtain various levels of RCp. The different textural characteristics of the puffed rice products were evaluated by instrumental and descriptive sensory analysis. The higher AC and longer aging time resulted in higher RCp. Pellets with higher RCp had smaller and denser air cell structures and lower expansion, resulting in higher crispness, hardness and fracturability. High correlation between the RCp and the instrumental and the sensory texture characteristics were determined and regression models (with R2 > 0.80) were established. These models can be used to predict some properties of puffed products, such as crispness, hardness, and brittleness. Panelists rated samples with an AC of 9% (in a range of 2.8–3.7% RCp) highest in appearance and texture scores.Practical ApplicationsThe RCp and textural properties of puffed products can be affected by many factors including ingredients and process parameters. This study provides a better understanding of both the textural characteristics of puffed rice starch products using sensory and instrumental approaches, but also their correlations. The relationship between the RCp and sensory evaluation data can be applied for the prediction of puffing quality.
Modified body adiposity index for body fat estimation in severe obesity
Authors: Bernhard A. B. , Scabim V. M. , Serafim M. P. , Gadducci A. V. , Santo M. A. , de Cleva R. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe body adiposity index (BAI) comprises a simple method for estimating body fat (BF) that needs to be validated in patients with severe obesity. The present study aimed to determine BAI accuracy with respect to the determination BF in patients with severe obesity.MethodsA cross‐sectional prospective study comparing two methods for BF estimation was conducted in 433 patients with severe obesity between August 2012 to December 2014. BF was estimated by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) with specific equations developed for BF estimation in patients with severe obesity and BAI. The BF estimation in 240 patients with severe obesity (Group 1: G1) was used to evaluate BAI limitations and to develop a specific equation in this population. The new equation proposed was validated in another 158 patients with severe obesity (Group 2: G2).ResultsThere was a significant difference between BF determination by BIA and BAI (P = 0.039). The mean (SD) BF in G1 was 52.3% (6.1%) determined by BIA and 51.6% (8.1%) determined by BAI. Sex, waist–hip ratio (WHR) and obesity grade determined significant errors on BF estimation by BAI. A new equation (modified body adiposity index; MBAI) was developed by linear regression to minimise these errors [MBAI% = 23.6 + 0.5 × (BAI); add 2.2 if body mass index ≥ 50 kg m–2 and 2.4 if WHR ≥ 1.05]. The new equation reduced the difference [1.2% (5.9%), P < 0.001 to 0.4% (4.12%), P = 0.315] and improved the correlation (0.6–0.7) between methods.ConclusionsBAI present significant limitations in severe obesity and MBAI was effective for BF estimation in this population.
PTH(1‐34) effects on repairing experimentally drilled holes in rat femur: novel aspects – qualitative vs. quantitative improvement of osteogenesis
Authors: Cavani Francesco , Ferretti Marzia , Smargiassi Alberto , Palumbo Carla 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe timetable of effects on bone repair of the active fraction‐parathyroid hormone, PTH(1‐34), was analytically investigated from the morphometric viewpoint in 3‐month‐old male Sprague‐Dawley rats, whose femurs were drilled at mid‐diaphyseal level (transcortical holes). The animals were divided into groups with/without PTH(1‐34) administration, and sacrificed at different times (10, 28, 45 days after surgery). The observations reported here need to be framed in the context of our previous investigations regarding bone histogenesis (Ferretti et al. Anat Embryol. 2002; 206: 21–29) in which we demonstrated the occurrence of two successive bone‐forming processes during both skeletal organogenesis and bone repair, i.e. static and dynamic osteogenesis: the former (due to stationary osteoblasts, haphazardly grouped in cords) producing preliminary bad quality trabecular bone, the latter (due to typical polarized osteoblasts organized in ordered movable laminae) producing mechanically valid bone tissue. The primary function of static osteogenesis is to provide a rigid scaffold containing osteocytes (i.e. mechano‐sensors) for osteoblast laminae acting in dynamic osteogenesis. In the present work, histomorphometric analysis revealed that, already 10 days after drilling, despite the holes being temporarily filled by the same amount of newly formed trabecular bone by static osteogenesis independently of the treatment, the extent of the surface of movable osteoblast‐laminae (covering the trabecular surface) was statistically higher in animals submitted to PTH(1‐34) administration than in control ones; this datum strongly suggests the effect of PTH(1‐34) alone in anticipating the occurrence of dynamic osteogenesis involved in the production of good quality bone (with more ordered collagen texture) more suitable for loading. This study could be crucial in further translational clinical research in humans for defining the best therapeutic strategies to be applied in recovering severe skeletal lesions, particularly as regards the time of PTH(1‐34) administration.
Medical‐surgical nurses' experiences as first responders during deterioration events: a qualitative study
Authors: Hart Patricia L. , Spiva LeeAnna , Dolly Lonnie , Lang‐Coleman Kristen , Prince‐Williams Nadia 
Published: August 2016

Aim and objectiveTo explore and understand the experiences of medical‐surgical nurses as first responders during clinical deterioration events.BackgroundNurses are key players in identifying and responding to deterioration events to escalate the level of care essential to address specific needs of patients. Delays in recognising signs and symptoms of patient deterioration and activation of Rapid Response Teams have been linked to a lack of nontechnical skills (leadership, teamwork, situational awareness) resulting in increased patient morbidity and mortality.DesignA descriptive, qualitative approach was used.MethodsA purposive sample of 28 medical‐surgical nurses was recruited and interviewed from an integrated healthcare system located in the USA. Interviews were conducted from October 2014–February 2015. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were entered into MaxQDA. The constant comparative method was used for data analysis.ResultsThree patterns emerged from the data analysis: Recognising and Responding to the Event, Managing the Event and Challenges Encountered during the Event. From the patterns, seven themes emerged. Themes for pattern one, Recognising and Responding, were early warning signs, continuity in patient care assignments and intuition. Themes for pattern two, Managing the Event, were cognitive, technical and behavioural skills. The theme for pattern three, Challenges Encountered during the Event, was work environment complexity.ConclusionListening to the stories of medical‐surgical nurses provided insight into how they recognised and managed patients experiencing clinical deterioration events. Furthermore, insight into the challenges that medical‐surgical nurses encountered in caring for deteriorating patients were identified.Relevance to clinical practiceImplication for practice in the areas of continuity of patient assignments, formal clinical deterioration education, work environment and team collaboration and communication was presented.
Interprofessional trust in emergency department – as experienced by nurses in charge and doctors on call
Authors: Friberg Klara , Husebø Sissel Eikeland , Olsen Øystein Evjen , Sætre Hansen Britt 
Published: August 2016

Aims and objectivesThe aim of this study was to describe that which characterises interprofessional trust in a Norwegian emergency department, as expressed by nurses in charge and doctors on call.BackgroundInterprofessional trust requires knowledge of and skills in interprofessional collaboration. It also requires established trust in fellow collaborators, as well as in the work environment and in the more comprehensive system in which the work is conducted. Nurses in charge and doctors on call who collaborate in the context of an emergency department do so under changing conditions in terms of staff composition and work load.DesignThe study was designed in a qualitative, inductive and sequential manner.MethodData were collected from September–November 2013 through four focus group interviews and was analysed by means of qualitative content analysis.ResultsThe data revealed two themes that were characteristic of interprofessional trust: ‘having relational knowledge’ and ‘being part of a context’. Together, the themes can be understood as equally important to contextual collaboration. A model of interprofessional trust between an individual level and system level was developed from the results.ConclusionThe study indicates that interprofessional trust is a changeable phenomenon that has great impact on the possibility for development at an individual level and at a more abstract system level.Relevance to clinical practiceInterprofessional trust can be improved by focusing on trust‐building activities between staff at the individual level and between staff and organisation at the system level. Supportive activities such as continuous interprofessional education are suggested as valuable to the development and maintenance of trust.
An Investigation of the Short‐Run and Long‐Run Stock Returns Surrounding Insurer Rating Changes
Authors: Chen Leon , Gaver Jennifer J. , Pottier Steven W. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTWe find that stock returns move in the direction of insurer rating changes in the 12‐month period prior to the announcement. There is an additional stock price response following the announcement of a downgrade, but no response to upgrade announcements. The reaction to a downgrade is more pronounced when it involves a smaller insurer, when it spans multiple levels, or when it is a threshold downgrade. Returns are significantly more negative during the 12 months leading up to a downgrade announcement during the financial crisis (2008 and 2009) compared to other sample years.
Standard concentration infusions in paediatric intensive care: the clinical approach
Authors: Perkins Joanne , Aguado-Lorenzo Virginia , Arenas-Lopez Sara 
Published: August 2016

Abstract

The use of standard concentrations of intravenous infusions has been advocated by international organisations to increase intravenous medication safety in paediatric and neonatal critical care. However, there is no guidance on how to identify and implement these infusions leading to great interunit variability.

Objective
To identify the most appropriate clinical concentrations required by our paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) population with regard to accuracy of delivery and overall fluid allowance.

Methods
Firstly a matrix was used to balance the concentration, dose and infusion volume (weight range 1.5–50 kg). Results were further refined considering: patient fluid allowance based on fluid volume targets, infusion pump accuracy and challenging each infusion against clinical scenarios requiring administration of multiple drug infusions found in PICU. Consideration was given to the standard concentrations routinely used in adults, in order to assess whether alignment with paediatrics was possible for some of the concentrations proposed. Finally a risk assessment of the infusions was conducted using the NPSA 20 tool.

Key findings
Twenty-five drugs identified as the most commonly used intravenous infusions in the unit. For the majority of the medicines, three weight bands of standard concentrations were necessary to cover the children's weight ranges and kept within predefined fluid requirements and accuracy of delivery.

Conclusions
This work shows a patient focused systematic approach for defining and evaluating standardised concentrations in intensive care children.
Turmeric Powder, Curcuma longa L., in Common Carp, Cyprinus carpio L., Diets: Growth Performance, Innate Immunity, and Challenge against Pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila Infection
Authors: Abdel‐Tawwab Mohsen , Abbass Fayza E. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractMicrobial diseases cause economic loss in aquaculture on a global scale, and the use of commercial antibiotics for disease treatment produces undesirable side effects. As many medicinal herbs have evolved a potent defense against pathogenic bacteria, there is a growing interest in these herbs as sources for natural antibacterial agents. In this context, this study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of turmeric powder (TP), Curcuma longa, on the performance and innate immunity of common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., and its challenge against Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Fish (1.4 ± 0.06 g) were fed 0.0 (control), 1.0, 2.0, or 5.0 g TP/kg diet up to satiation twice daily for 10 wk. After the feeding trial, fish of each treatment were intraperitoneally injected by pathogenic A. hydrophila, and they were kept under observation for 10 d during which the daily mortality was recorded. The growth‐promoting effect of TP was monitored and observed where fish growth and innate immunity increased significantly as dietary TP levels increased. According to the regression curve, the most suitable TP level for optimal fish growth and health was found to be 2.0 g/kg. On the other hand, TP inclusion in the fish diet did not significantly affect fish body contents. The obtained results indicate that TP supplementation is a promising immunostimulant, which could improve fish performance and innate immunity and prevent common carp aermoniosis at a level of 2.0 g/kg diet.
New CIMDER measuring tapes for screening nutritional status in children less than 5 years of age
Authors: Echeverri O. , Saravia J. , Hurtado H. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe measurement of mid‐upper arm circumference (MUAC) using CIMDER tapes to assess the nutritional status of children aged 5 years and younger first occurred nearly 40 years ago. In this study, new CIMDER tapes were developed to assess severe and moderate malnutrition, mild malnutrition and, for the first time using the MUAC method, overweight in children aged less than 5 years, based on the World Health Organization (WHO) MUAC (2006) reference standards. The tapes were developed for boys and girls and specified for four age ranges: 3–6 months, 6.1–18 months, 18.1–36 months and 36.1–60 months. The weight, age and MUAC of 1283 children were assessed to evaluate the accuracy and concordance of the new CIMDER tapes with the WHO weight‐for‐age reference standards. The new CIMDER tapes were found to have good accuracy and concordance with the WHO weight‐for‐age reference standards across all age and sex groups. These results suggest that the new CIMDER tapes can be used in place of WHO weight‐for‐age growth charts for screening nutritional status of children less than 5 years of age, including for risk of malnutrition and overweight.
Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology – nutritional epidemiology (STROBE‐nut): An extension of the STROBE statement
Authors: Lachat C. , Hawwash D. , Ocké M. C. , Berg C. , Forsum E. , Hörnell A. , Larsson C. l. , Sonestedt E. , Wirfält E. , Åkesson A. , Kolsteren P. , Byrnes G. , De Keyzer W. , Van Camp J. , Cade J. E. , Slimani N. , Cevallos M. , Egger M. , Huybrechts I. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractConcerns have been raised about the quality of reporting in nutritional epidemiology. Research reporting guidelines such as the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement can improve quality of reporting in observational studies. Herein, we propose recommendations for reporting nutritional epidemiology and dietary assessment research by extending the STROBE statement into Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology – Nutritional Epidemiology (STROBE‐nut). Recommendations for the reporting of nutritional epidemiology and dietary assessment research were developed following a systematic and consultative process, co‐ordinated by a multidisciplinary group of 21 experts. Consensus on reporting guidelines was reached through a three‐round Delphi consultation process with 53 external experts. In total, 24 recommendations for nutritional epidemiology were added to the STROBE checklist. When used appropriately, reporting guidelines for nutritional epidemiology can contribute to improve reporting of observational studies with a focus on diet and health.
Reaching consensus on a ‘vegetables first’ approach to complementary feeding
Authors: Chambers L. , Hetherington M. , Cooke L. , Coulthard H. , Fewtrell M. , Emmett P. , Lowdon J. , Blissett J. , Lanigan J. , Baseley C. , Stanner S. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractOn 5 May 2016, the British Nutrition Foundation (BNF) invited leading infant feeding experts to discuss and debate the strength of the evidence base on a ‘vegetables first’ approach to complementary feeding. Consensus was reached on the translation of the science into practical messages for parents/carers. In particular, it is known that familiarising infants with a variety of vegetables from the start of complementary feeding increases the likelihood that vegetables will be accepted throughout childhood, though currently in the UK vegetables tend not to be prioritised as first foods. Infant feeding guidance could include recommendations to offer tastes of a variety of vegetables when complementary feeding begins, as a first step in the transition from milk to solid foods, so that liking and acceptance are established during this early window of opportunity. This report describes the main themes emerging from the discussions and the specific messaging recommendations which could be included within infant feeding guidance.
Food texture and the satiety cascade
Authors: Chambers L. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractUsing the satiety cascade model as a framework, this paper describes how food texture can influence the strength and duration of sensory, cognitive and post‐ingestive signals that determine when a meal ends (satiation) and the inhibition of appetite between meals (satiety). The influence of food texture on oro‐sensory exposure time, expectations about the satiating effect of a food and processing of food in the gastrointestinal system is considered, as well how the interaction of these processes may impact on the overall experience of satiety. This body of work suggests that texture is one element of a food's flavour profile which could be a candidate for manipulation in the development of ‘high‐satiety’ foods.
Nutrition science – past, present and future
Authors: Haresign R. , Stanner S. , Lennox A. , Mathers J. C. , Williams C. M. , Buttriss J. L. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractOn 26 April 2016, the British Nutrition Foundation (BNF) held a half‐day conference in London on ‘Nutrition science – past, present and future’. This began by considering the dramatic changes that have influenced diets over the past 25 years in relation to government policy, the food supply, food in schools and communications. Dietary surveys, particularly the National Diet and Nutrition Survey, have allowed the nation's dietary intake to be monitored over this period. These surveys have played an important role in supporting science and policy, and highlighted changes and trends in nutrient intakes and status of the UK population over the past 25 years. In terms of health, there has been a dramatic increase in average life expectancy globally during the 20th century and the conference considered recent advances in understanding of the ageing process, epigenetics and nutrition across the life‐course. A number of lifestyle factors are recognised to influence risk of chronic diseases in later life. For example, dietary recommendations reflect the link between fat, particularly saturated fatty acids, and cardiovascular disease, although this has been widely debated in recent years. The conference concluded with considerations to what the future might hold for nutrition, as we grapple with decisions about what to grow and produce to ensure sustainability of the food supply in the face of likely climate change and a growing and more prosperous global population.