bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nurses' Adherence to Infection Control Practices in Emergency Departments
Authors: Khudhur Fatima Hassan , Abdul-Wahhab Dr.Musaab Majid 
Published: October 2024

Background: Follow-Up on Infection Prevention Measures It is an assortment of techniques intended to keep things free of microbes, Patient protection from diseases necessitates several actions. Preventing and controlling infections is one of the most crucial tasks for nurses. Using hand hygiene with personal protection equipment is a crucial step that can help prevent infections or their repercussions. The safety of patients and maintaining sterility and cleanliness in hospitals are the responsibilities of all nurses working there.
Objectives: to evaluate the adherence of emergency department nurses to infection control protocols and recommendations.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study selected a nonprobability (purposive) sample of 120 nurses working in emergency departments across three hospitals: Baghdad Teaching Hospital (50%), Al-Kindy Teaching Hospital (35.8%), and Sheik Zaydi Hospital 14.2%. The study was conducted from September 20, 2023, to 30 June 2024. collection tool, which consists of two parts: The first part is the demographic characteristics of the nursing staff (age, gender, level of education, years of experience in the emergency department, and participation in training courses related to infection control measures). Second part: Checklists were utilized for observation. The study instrument's reliability was assessed using the Statistical Package for Social Science Program (IBM SPSS) by applying Cronbach's Alpha.
Results: The study finding shows that, based on the data, 66.7% of the respondents reported a fair level of practices about infection control measures. Sociodemographic factors such as qualifications notably impact nurses' practices regarding adherence to infection control practices.
CONCLUSIONS: The researcher concluded that the nurses' practices were not at the level required (fair) to fit with the critical and special nature of the emergency department.
Recommendations: Standard precautions are the basic level of the infection control process. The participants may possess satisfactory knowledge and compliance levels. However, more training programs and more focus on the standard precautions by educational institutes are needed for nurses to improve their knowledge and compliance with infection-control standard precautions.
A Systematic Review of The Risk Factors Affecting Low Birth Weight
Authors: Doaa Sami Rashash  , Parastoo Oujian  , Sepideh Hajian  , Mehdi Khabazkhoob  
Published: October 2024

Backgrounds: Low birth weight (LBW) is a significant factor in 60 to 80 percent of all neonatal fatalities and is one of the most important health indicators in the primary measure set used by the International Dietary Surveillance Application. Objectives: This systematic review was conducted to determine the factors affecting to LBW. Materials & Methods: Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus, and Persian scientific databases were searched from 2012 to 2022. Selection procedure, data screening and analysis were performed by two independent reviewers. The quality of included articles were evaluated with the 22-item strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) and a checklist of appropriate criteria based on the research design for each one.
Results: Of the 1200 articles collected, 51 met the study inclusion criteria. The most common variables with a frequency of more than 15% that led to LBW were the mother's age (22 studies, 43/13%), mother's chronic diseases (Hypertension and diabetes mellitus), mother's iron deficiency anemia (14 studies, 27/45%), mother's weight and BMI (13 studies, 25/4%), ANC visits (12 studies, 23/52%), sex of the child (9 studies, 17/64%), parity and inter-pregnancy interval (8 studies, 15/68%). Conclusion: The mother's age, chronic diseases, mother’s anemia, mother's weight and BMI, insufficient ANC visits, sex of the child, parity and inter-pregnancy interval have a great impact on the LBW. Therefore, interventions, plans and programs aimed at addressing these risk factors could potentially reduce the incidence of LBW.
Correlation of immunological variables of interleukin-17 and heat shock protein-70 in ethnic women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Abdulla Zahraa Hatem , Mustafa Evan Mohammad , Abbass Sahla Khurshid 
Published: October 2024

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal imbalance resulting from high levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in females, leading to immature eggs, ovarian cysts, irregular menstrual cycles, infertility, excessive facial hair growth, and acne. Objective: This study was conducted to follow up the therapeutic effect on some blood, hormonal, and immune variables of samples consisting of 35 patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) from women suffering from infertility and infertility, and who visited Azadi Teaching Hospital and private laboratories in Kirkuk city, their ages ranged between (18 - 40 years). Materials and Methods: Sample collection and follow-up began by observing some clinical signs in addition to verifying the results of ultrasound examinations from early February 2023 to early November 2023. Each patient’s examinations were followed up before treatment and three months after taking the treatment. The results we obtained after three months of treatment were compared with the results of the examinations of the patients in the pre-treatment stage and the control group. The treatment plan was based on modifying the patient's dietary lifestyle by following a healthy diet and giving treatment consisting of oral contraceptives, fertility drugs and the use of sugar-reducing drugs such as Glucophage or Metformin, in addition to nutritional supplements such as antioxidants. Result: The results of the therapeutic effect on the patients' diagnostic clinical signs showed a significant decrease in their percentages after three months of treatment compared to the pre-treatment stage such as (ovulation disorders - menstrual disorders - obesity - hirsutism - acne -). The results of the statistical analysis of the study showed that the therapeutic effect showed a significant difference in the body mass index (BMI) after three months of treatment compared to the pre-treatment stage and the control group. The therapeutic effect of the immune factors for each Hast Shock protein 70 and Interleukin-17 also showed a significant decrease at the level (0.000 > p) respectively after three months of taking the treatment compared to the pre-treatment stage and the control group. It was found that there is a significant positive correlation between the level of Heat Shock Protein 70 and the cellular kinetic IL-17.
The Effect of Different Types of Drinking Water Plastic Tanks Used at Homes on Water Quality: A Study of Various Samples under Standard Conditions
Authors: Muhsin Fulath Abdul-Redah , Al-Tabatabai Huda Hussain Mohammed 
Published: October 2024

Aim: The study aimed to find any differences in water quality stored by using different types of plastic tanks.
Subject and Methods: Four types of plastic tanks were used in the study: polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, and polyvinyl chloride. The experiments were done at the laboratory under practical conditions, like stored water volume, time, and temperature. The water was analyzed for electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, pH, and the presence of some chemical contaminants.
Results: The results between conductivity and the total dissolved solid gave a positive direct relation of (r = 0.7), while the results between conductivity and pH gave a negative inverse relation of (r= -0.5). There was a variation and an increasing concentration value in tank type of polycarbonate, and polyvinyl chloride than other types, while there were the same concentrations value in all tank types of Lead, that showed concentrations below (0.01) micrograms per liter. There were statistical differences between tank types, of Bisphenol A and Phthalates, while the remaining was not significant. There was a statistical difference in the water stored in polyethylene and polypropylene tanks, which contained acceptable parameters than other types.
Conclusion: The study findings emphasize the importance of thinking about made material traits whilst selecting a tank type for storing water at home, and storing water by using polyethylene and polypropylene tanks to reduce the health risks from the librating of chemicals to the stored water.
Lactose Intolerance in Jazan: Awareness and Impact
Authors: Kambal Nahla , Alsayegh Abdulrahman A. , Alshahrani Abrar , Mahdi Wedad , Al-Ali Omniyat , Hassan Hams , Ahmed Maryam , Alkhaldi Reham , Shamakhi Laila , Hakami Samaher 
Published: October 2024

Background: Lactose intolerance is a frequent disorder characterized by gastrointestinal symptoms (such as nausea, bloating, and discomfort) following dairy product consumption. LI can be considerably decreased with simple understanding of symptoms and the use of milk substitutes. Aim: The goal of this study was to look into the prevalence of lactose intolerance and its relationship to nutrition and dietary habits in Jazan, Saudi Arabia. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional descriptive design with a sample of 283 participants who met the qualifying requirements. A questionnaire was used to collect the data, which was then analyzed using statistical tools for social sciences (SPSS) and Microsoft Excel. Results: Dairy/dairy products were highly consumed on daily basis (64.7%) accompanied by abdominal distention and gases (18%), yet, only 13.8% had been diagnosed with lactose intolerance. The magnitude of lactose intolerance was mainly in late childhood (11-20 years) and emerging adulthood (21-30 years) (56.4%). only 36% had good knowledge about the disorder, with females had significantly higher levels of awareness compared to males (p<0.05). Conclusion: Almost one-third of the population in Jazan had good knowledge on lactose intolerance with females having significantly higher levels.
Antimicrobial Resistance of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli in Outpatient Cases at Baeza Basic Hospital, Ecuador
Authors: Páliz Karina Inés Paredes , Velasteguí Vladimir Medardo Pazmiño , Salazar Anabell del Rocio Urbina , Torres Alberto Renato Inca 
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is one of the current major public health issues, as these compounds constitute a primary tool for controlling and treating bacterial infections. Objective: To determine the bacterial resistance of uropathogenic Escherichia coli in outpatient individuals attending the Microbiology Laboratory of Baeza Basic Hospital (BBH) during the period January-December 2023. Methodology: An observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study was conducted to describe the antimicrobial resistance characteristics of uropathogenic Escherichia coli during the period January-December 2023. Results: We analyzed 169 positive urine culture results from outpatient individuals of both sexes, varying ages, with a diagnosis of urinary tract infection. The most frequently isolated microorganisms were Escherichia coli (80.1%), followed by Enterococcus faecalis (3.8%) and Proteus mirabilis (3.3%). Regarding antimicrobial resistance profiles expressed as a percentage for E. coli, they were as follows: ampicillin (70.8%), nalidixic acid (53.7%), amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (48.8%), trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole (44.0%), and ciprofloxacin (34.3%). 12.4% of E. coli were extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers. The sensitivity of E. coli to nitrofurantoin was 92.1%, ampicillin-sulbactam 90.4%, and fosfomycin 87.1%. Conclusions: The recommended empirical first-line treatment is nitrofurantoin, fosfomycin, and as second-line options, cephalexin and cefuroxime for uncomplicated urinary tract infections. Based on this information, it is proposed to develop a Clinical Guide for the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections in the study areaarea.
Self-Care Practices Regarding Eating Habits, Knowledge of Diet and Exercise for Type II Diabetic Patients
Authors: Muhaisen Ali Sakran , Yasir Amean A 
Published: October 2024

Background: Diabetes is an incurable condition. Adopting lifestyle modifications, including dietary adjustments and regular physical activity, plays a crucial role in effectively managing type-2 diabetes (T2DM) and preventing its potential long-term consequences. The aim of this article is to assess sociodemographic characteristics and self-care practices with eating habits patterns among T2DM.. Materials and Methods: The study chose a cross-sectional design, and the non-probability (purposive) method was used to identify participants. The total sample consisted of 150 participants who suffer from type 2 diabetes and who have patient records and files within the Diabetes Center at Marjan Medical City from June 20th, 2023, to November 10th, 2023. Results: The study findings indicated that the study showed good knowledge at Mean± SD= 2.35±0.0.46. , according to their levels of education the significance at (p<0.024 ).. Results: The study results indicate that the patients’ adherence increased as the education levels increased and vice versa. while the study showed partial adherence to diet and exercises at Mean± SD= 1.55±0.17 as well the study also found a highly significant association between the self-care practice for patients regarding the diet and exercise and some sociodemographic variables such as education levels, at a statistically significant level (p < 0.006). Conclusion: According to the results, the study concluded There was partial adherence to diet and exercise among patients with type II diabetes. However, factors such as the educational status of participants were found to influence the chance to self-care practice recommendations.
Concordance Between Actual and Estimated Blood Loss: A Bleeding Calculation Simulation Exercise
Authors: López M Cruz , Ku A. Mengual , M.I. Lobatón Paredes , González A. González 
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Historically, visual estimation of blood loss during and after delivery has been the primary method for determining obstetric blood loss. This method is quick, easy, and cost-free, and it allows for the prompt identification of suspected postpartum hemorrhage. However, the majority of clinical studies concur that this method is imprecise and may underestimate the extent of bleeding produced during vaginal delivery. Objectives: The objective of this study was to compare the concordance between the estimated blood loss observed visually by physicians and residents of Gynecology and Obstetrics and the actual bleeding observed in a simulation exercise, with the aim of calculating the bleeding. terial and methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted through the use of a simulation model at the General Hospital of Zone 20 of the IMSS in Puebla. A visual estimation was conducted between physicians and residents using surgical material (compresses and gauze) with a certain amount of blood. The evaluation of the estimate was carried out in three stations with different bleeding levels. The estimation of total bleeding was counted in milliliters using the visual method. A comparison of means was conducted using the ANOVA statistical test to evaluate the bleeding calculation. The relative error was calculated in order to determine the extent of agreement between the estimated and actual blood values for each station. Results: A total of 94 physicians, including residents in training in the specialty of Gynecology and Obstetrics, enrolled in the study. The discrepancy between the actual and estimated blood loss in a simulation exercise among affiliated obstetrician-gynecologists was 65.3%, while in the group of resident physicians it was 145.6%. It was determined that there was an 84% overestimation of bleeding. The relative error percentage for "Scenario A" was 141%, "Scenario C" yielded a result of 85%, and "Scenario B" produced a result of 74%. Conclusion: The agreement between the actual and estimated blood loss performed by obstetrician-gynecologists assigned to a bleeding calculation simulation exercise is slightly superior to that obtained by resident physicians. The lowest percentages of relative error were obtained by fourth- and third-year residents.
Aggressive Thoracic Spine Hemangioma Treated by Total En Bloc Spondylectomy: A Case Report
Authors: Akbar Kukuh Ali , Hidayat Aries Rakhmat 
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Vertebral hemangioma (VH) is the most widely faced tumor in the vertebral column. It is generally asymptomatic and slowly growing. Moreover, the appearance of extraosseous extensions in vertebral hemangiomas is locally aggressive, causing neurological deficits, and should be distinguished from other vertebral hemangiomas based on its prognosis and treatment. Here we present a rare case of vertebral hemangioma caused by thoracic cord compression and healed by total en block spondylectomy.Objectives: We present a case of VH with extraskeletal expansion that caused the progressive neurologic deficit and was medicated by resection of the entire tumor.Methods: A 33-year-old female came to the Soetomo General Hospital outpatient clinic with the main complaints of back pain and being unable to move her legs since September 2021. In July 2021, the patient felt tingling in her lower extremities. The patient was still able to walk, but she felt the weakness develop. She still can urinate, but she has a defecation problem. There is no history of a palpable mass in some places. The patient is a housewife and she has no previous history of any disease.Results: The patient felt tingling in her lower limbs. She didn’t lose her to walk, but she felt the weakness develop. On the physical examination, there was a neurological deficit at the lower extremity. According to radiographic and histopathologic examination, the patient was diagnosed with VH at the T5 level. We then performed total en-block spondylectomy and posterior stabilization. As a result, the motoric part improved but sensory deficits still occurred. Neurological improvement happened during the follow-up in three months. An inevitable challenge awaits in terms of the medication of VH with extraskeletal expansion that causes neurologic deficits. Pre-operative diagnosis including radiologic and pathologic findings is essential for the strategy and decision for combative hemangioma. An unjustified diagnosis may lead to an inappropriate surgical strategy or the emergence of various complications.Conclusions: Vertebral hemangiomas with extraosseous extension causing spinal cord compression should be considered an aggressive benign tumor, and total excision that includes a tumor margin is indicated.
Comparison of the Activity of IL-6 and IL22 as More Inflammatory Cytokines Related to the Pathogenesis of celiac Disease Between Active and Gluten-Free Diet Patient
Authors: Aljamrawy Dhiaa aldin.B. , AL-Yasiri Israa K. , Beg Karrar A. Ali 
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to investigate the activity of anti-inflammatory IL-6 (aIL-6) and pro-regenerative IL-22 in celiac disease patients based on their dietary habits. By comparing cytokine levels between patients on active gluten-containing diets and those on gluten-free diets, we sought to elucidate the potential role of diet in modulating inflammatory responses and clinical outcomes in celiac disease. The study made use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to evaluate the serum levels of interleukins IL6 and IL22. This was performed on three different groups: Group 1, which consisted of 40 recently identified active celiac patients; Group 2, which included 20 patients following a gluten-free diet; and Group 3, which contained 40 apparently healthy individuals .the individuals included in the study had been previously confirmed as celiac patients through serology, specifically by detecting both anti-IgA and IgG antibodies against tTG and gliadin using indirect immunofluorescence. The findings revealed a notable difference in IL6 levels between the patient and control groups, with a P-value of 0.041. However, when the patient groups were compared using the least significant difference (LSD) method, there were no significant differences between Group 1 (G1) and Group 2 (G2) with a P-value of 0.101, and between Group 1 and Group 3 (G3) with a P-value of 0.720. Yet, a more pronounced difference was observed between Group2 and Group3,with a P-value less than 0.015.Regarding IL22 levels, there was a significant difference between the patient and control groups, with a P-value of 0.002. Further comparisons using the LSD method revealed no significant differences between Group 1 and Group 2, with a P-value less than 0.154. However, a highly significant difference was found between Group 1 and Group 3, with a P-value less than 0.01. Also, significant differences were observed between Group 2 and Group 3, with a P-value less than 0.012. In conclusion, there is important role of the inflammatory cytokines il-6 and il-22 in the inflammation of celiac disease and potential role for these cytokines in the pathogenesis and management of the disease. Adherence to a gluten-free diet appears to have a beneficial effect on modulating the inflammatory response and improving clinical outcomes in celiac disease.
Determinants and predictors of Occupational Burnout syndrome among Residents Physicians
Authors: Mohammed Mayada Kamil , Ibraheem Nisreen Mohammed , Ahmed Athraa Essa , Mohammed Teeba B. , Asker Mustafa M. , Mohammed Mustafa R. 
Published: October 2024

Background: The burnout syndrome has 3 dimensions; first is emotional exhaustion, second one is depersonalization, and third is low personal accomplishment. Work related burnout is increased nowadays and it becomes a serious problem affecting people who working in human services, particularly healthcare workers. This study aimed to: Determine the frequency of burnout syndrome and related factors among Salahaddin resident physicians. Subject and Method: A cross-sectional study , done from 11th of November 2021 to 15th of March 2022. A convenient sample of 100 resident and permanent doctors, working in Salahdin Public hospitals. Inclusion criteria were current residents doctor who had at least one year in a residency program. Data collected using interview questionnaire form based on the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Results: The 100 resident doctor information analyzed and found that 56(56%) , 44(44%) were male and female respectively. High frequency of the resident aged 26-30 years 68(68%), 75(75%) of them living in Salahdin, junior residents represent 52(52%) and 48(48%) were permanent resident. The high scores of occupational exhaustion was reported among 41(41%). The high scores of depersonalization / loss of empathy was reported among 42(42%). The low scores of personal accomplishment assessment scores was reported among 64(64%). Females 21(47.7%) had more occupational exhaustion than male doctors 20(35.7%). high score of depersonalization / loss of empathy reported among 22(39.3%) of the male and 20(45.5%) of the females. Conclusion: burnout frequency was high among Iraqi residents with high scores of occupational exhaustion, and depersonalization/ loss of empathy, and high percentage of low scores of personal accomplishment assessment.