bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Central Role of the Trehalose Biosynthesis Pathway in the Pathogenesis of Human Fungal Infections: Opportunities and Challenges for Therapeutic Development
Authors: Thammahong Arsa , Puttikamonkul Srisombat , Perfect John R. , Brennan Richard G. , Cramer Robert A. 
Published: March 2017

SUMMARY

Invasive fungal infections cause significant morbidity and mortality in part due to a limited antifungal drug arsenal. One therapeutic challenge faced by clinicians is the significant host toxicity associated with antifungal drugs. Another challenge is the fungistatic mechanism of action of some drugs. Consequently, the identification of fungus-specific drug targets essential for fitness
in vivo
remains a significant goal of medical mycology research. The trehalose biosynthetic pathway is found in a wide variety of organisms, including human-pathogenic fungi, but not in humans. Genes encoding proteins involved in trehalose biosynthesis are mechanistically linked to the metabolism, cell wall homeostasis, stress responses, and virulence of
Candida albicans
,
Cryptococcus neoformans
, and
Aspergillus fumigatus
. While there are a number of pathways for trehalose production across the tree of life, the TPS/TPP (trehalose-6-phosphate synthase/trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase) pathway is the canonical pathway found in human-pathogenic fungi. Importantly, data suggest that proteins involved in trehalose biosynthesis play other critical roles in fungal metabolism and
in vivo
fitness that remain to be fully elucidated. By further defining the biology and functions of trehalose and its biosynthetic pathway components in pathogenic fungi, an opportunity exists to leverage this pathway as a potent antifungal drug target. The goal of this review is to cover the known roles of this important molecule and its associated biosynthesis-encoding genes in the human-pathogenic fungi studied to date and to employ these data to critically assess the opportunities and challenges facing development of this pathway as a therapeutic target.
Integrated knowledge translation: digging deeper, moving forward
Authors: Kothari Anita , Wathen C Nadine 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundIntegrated knowledge translation has risen in popularity as a solution to the underuse of research in policy and practice settings. It engages knowledge users—policymakers, practitioners, patients/consumers or their advocates, and members of the wider public—in mutually beneficial research that can involve the joint development of research questions, data collection, analysis and dissemination of findings. Knowledge that is co-produced has a better chance of being implemented.DiscussionThe purpose of this paper is to update developments in the field of integrated knowledge translation through a deeper analysis of the approach in practice-oriented and policy-oriented health research. We present collaborative models that fall outside the scope of integrated knowledge translation, but then explore consensus-based approaches and networks as alternate sites of knowledge co-production. We discuss the need to advance the field through the development, or use, of data collection and interpretation tools that creatively engage knowledge users in the research process. Most importantly, conceptually relevant outcomes need to be identified, including ones that focus on team transformation through the co-production of knowledge.ConclusionsWe explore some of these challenges and benefits in detail to help researchers understand what integrated knowledge translation means, and whether the approach's potential added value is worth the investment of time, energy and other resources.
An integrated low 1/f noise and high-sensitivity CMOS instrumentation amplifier for TMR sensors
Authors: Gao Zhiqiang , Luan Bo , Zhao Jincai , Liu Xiaowei 
Published: March 2017

In this paper, a very low 1/f noise integrated Wheatstone bridge magnetoresistive sensor ASIC based on magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) technology is presented for high sensitivity measurements. The present CMOS instrumentation amplifier employs the gain-boost folded-cascode structure based on the capacitive-feedback chopper-stabilized technique. By chopping both the input and the output of the amplifier, combined with MTJ magnetoresistive sensitive elements, a noise equivalent magnetoresistance 1 nT/Hz[Formula: see text] at 2 Hz, the equivalent input noise spectral density 17 nV/Hz[Formula: see text](@2Hz) is achieved. The chip-scale package of the TMR sensor and the instrumentation amplifier is only about 5 mm × 5 mm × 1 mm, while the whole DC current dissipates only 2 mA.
Time compression of visual perception around microsaccades
Authors: Yu Gongchen , Yang Mingpo , Yu Peng , Dorris Michael Christopher 
Published: March 2017

Even during fixation, our eyes are in constant motion. For example, microsaccades are small (typically <1°) eye movements that occur 1~3 times/second. Despite their tiny and transient nature, our percept of visual space is compressed before microsaccades (Hafed ZM, Lovejoy LP, Krauzlis RJ. Eur J Neurosci 37: 1169–1181, 2013). As visual space and time are interconnected at both the physical and physiological levels, we asked whether microsaccades also affect the temporal aspects of visual perception. Here we demonstrate that the perceived interval between transient visual stimuli was compressed if accompanied by microsaccades. This temporal compression extended approximately ±200 ms from microsaccade occurrence, and depending on their particular pattern, multiple microsaccades further enhanced or counteracted this temporal compression. The compression of time surrounding microsaccades resembles that associated with more voluntary macrosaccades (Morrone MC, Ross J, Burr D. Nat Neurosci 8: 950–954, 2005). Our results suggest common neural processes underlying both saccade and microsaccade misperceptions, mediated, likely, through extraretinal mechanisms.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Here we show that humans perceive the duration of visual events as compressed if they are accompanied by microsaccades. Despite the tiny and transient nature of microsaccades, time compression extended more than ±200 ms from their occurrence. Moreover, the number, pattern, and temporal coincidence of microsaccades relative to visual events all contribute to this time misperception. Our results reveal a detailed picture of how our visual time percepts are altered by microsaccades.
Homeobox B9 Mediates Resistance to Anti-VEGF Therapy in Colorectal Cancer Patients
Authors: Carbone Carmine , Piro Geny , Simionato Francesca , Ligorio Francesca , Cremolini Chiara , Loupakis Fotios , Alì Greta , Rossini Daniele , Merz Valeria , Santoro Raffaela , Zecchetto Camilla , Zanotto Marco , Di Nicolantonio Federica , Bardelli Alberto , Fontanini Gabriella , Tortora Giampaolo , Melisi Davide 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Purpose: The identification of predictive biomarkers for antiangiogenic therapies remains an unmeet need. We hypothesized that the transcription factor Homeobox B9 (HOXB9) could be responsible for the tumor resistance to the anti-VEGF agent bevacizumab.
Experimental Design: HOXB9 expression and activation were measured in eight models of colorectal and pancreatic cancer with different resistance to bevacizumab. Serum levels of Angiopoietin-like Protein (Angptl)2, CXC receptor ligand (CXCL)1, IL8, and TGFβ1 in tumor-bearing mice were measured by multiplex xMAP technology. HOXB9 expression was measured by immunohistochemical analysis in 81 pretreatment specimens from metastatic colorectal cancer patients. Differences in progression-free survival (PFS) were determined using a log-rank test.
Results: HOXB9-positive tumors were resistant to bevacizumab, whereas mice bearing HOXB9-negative tumors were cured by this agent. Silencing HOXB9 in bevacizumab-resistant models significantly (P &lt; 0.05) reduced Angptl2, CXCL1, IL8, and TGFβ1 levels, reverted their mesenchymal phenotype, reduced CD11b+ cells infiltration, and restored, in turn, sensitivity to bevacizumab. HOXB9 had no prognostic value in patients treated with a first-line chemotherapeutic regimen noncontaining bevacizumab. However, patients affected by an HOXB9-negative tumor had a significantly longer PFS compared with those with an HOXB9-positive tumor if treated with a first-line regimen containing bevacizumab (18.0 months vs. 10.4 months; HR 2.037; 95% confidence interval, 1.006–4.125; P = 0.048).
Conclusions: These findings integrate the complexity of numerous mechanisms of anti-VEGF resistance into the single transcription factor HOXB9. Silencing HOXB9 could be a promising approach to modulate this resistance. Our results candidate HOXB9 as predictive biomarker for selecting colorectal cancer patients for antiangiogenic therapy. Clin Cancer Res; 23(15); 4312–22. ©2017 AACR.
Pre-Low Raising in Japanese Pitch Accent
Authors: Lee Albert , Prom-on Santitham , Xu Yi 
Published: March 2017

AbstractJapanese has been observed to have 2 versions of the H tone, the higher of which is associated with an accented mora. However, the distinction of these 2 versions only surfaces in context but not in isolation, leading to a long-standing debate over whether there is 1 H tone or 2. This article reports evidence that the higher version may result from a pre-low raising mechanism rather than being inherently higher. The evidence is based on an analysis of F0 of words that varied in length, accent condition and syllable structure, produced by native speakers of Japanese at 2 speech rates. The data indicate a clear separation between effects that are due to mora-level preplanning and those that are mechanical. These results are discussed in terms of mechanisms of laryngeal control during tone production, and highlight the importance of articulation as a link between phonology and surface acoustics.
The Effect of Focus and Phrase Position on East Norwegian Lexical Tonal Accents
Authors: Kelly Niamh E. , Smiljanic Rajka 
Published: March 2017

AbstractTwo experiments examined the acoustic correlates of the disyllabic tonal accent contrast in the Trøndersk dialect of Norwegian, and how narrow focus and phrasal position shape the contrast. Production results showed that both tonal accents have a high-low (HL) pitch contour, with different timing. In narrow focus, the pitch contrast was enlarged through asymmetrical F0 changes. When at the right edge of an accent phrase (AP), the accents were shown to have a higher L, lower AP H% tone, shorter stressed vowel, and longer final vowel. The alignment changes reflected tonal crowding while segmental modifications were due to the phrase-final lengthening in AP-final position. This work contributes to the literature on prosodic typology as well as on the implementation of prosodic focus and sentence intonation in languages with lexical pitch contrasts.
Design and Analysis of Drive System with Slip Ring Induction Motor for Electric Traction in India
Authors: Sekara Nagamani Chandra , R Somanatham , U Chaitanya Kumar 
Published: March 2017

The use of Squirrel Cage for Traction has revolutionised the motive power of a Locomotive. The Asynchronous Motor is rugged with high starting Torque, has a very smooth Voltage and Speed control as compared to a DC Series Motor. When looking at the Traction perspective, a Slip Ring Induction Motor can be an alternative to the Squirrel Cage Motor as it has higher starting Torque and better efficiency than a Squirrel Cage Motor. the Slip Power Recovery scheme also plays a proactive role as ther can be substantial savings of energy in case of a Slip Ring Induction Motor. A detailed design and analysis of a Drive System with Slip Ring Induction Motor for Electric Traction is presented in this Research Paper
Power Quality Improvement in Distribution System using ANN Based Shunt Active Power Filter
Authors: Jarupula Somlal , Vutlapalli Narsimha Rao , Vutlapalli Narsimha Rao 
Published: March 2017

<p>This paper focuses on an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) controller based Shunt Active Power Filter (SAPF) for mitigating the harmonics of the distribution system. To increase the performance of the conventional controller and take advantage of smart controllers, a feed forward-type (trained by a back propagation algorithm) ANN-based technique is implemented in shunt active power filters for producing the controlled pulses required for IGBT inverter. The proposed approach mainly work on the principle of capacitor energy to maintain the DC link voltage of a shunt connected filter and thus reduces the transient response time when there is abrupt variation in the load. The entire power system block set model of the proposed scheme has been developed in MATLAB environment. Simulations are carried out by using MATLAB, it is noticed that the %THD is reduced to 2.27% from 29.71% by ANN controlled filter. The simulated experimental results also show that the novel control method is not only easy to be computed and implemented, but also very successful in reducing harmonics.</p><p> </p>
Design of Controllers for Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor
Authors: Deepa Somasundaram , Anipriya N. , Subbulakshmy R. 
Published: March 2017

<p>The objective of the project is to design various controllers for temperature control in Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) systems. Initially Zeigler-Nichols, modified Zeigler-Nichols, Tyreus-Luyben, Shen-Yu and IMC based method of tuned Proportional Integral (PI) controller is designed and comparisons are made with Fuzzy Logic Controller. Simulations are carried out and responses are obtained for the above controllers. Maximum peak overshoot, Settling time, Rise time, ISE, IAE are chosen as performance index. From the analysis it is found that the Fuzzy Logic Controller is a promising controller than the conventional controllers.</p>
Solar Photovoltaic Powered Sailing Boat Using Buck Converter
Authors: Das Soumya , Sadhu Pradip Kumar , Pal Nitai , Majumdar Gourav , Mukherjee Saswata 
Published: March 2017

<p>The main objective of this paper is to establish technical and economical aspects of the application of stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) system in sailing boat using a buck converter in order to enhance the power generation and also to minimize the cost. Performance and control of dc-dc converter, suitable for photovoltaic (PV) applications, is presented here. A buck converter is employed here which extracts complete power from the PV source and feeds into the dc load. The power, which is fed into the load, is sufficient to drive a boat . With the help of matlab simulink software PV module and buck model has been designed and simulated and also compared with theoretical predictions.</p>
Comparison of Estimated Torques Using Low Pass Filter and Extended Kalman Filter for Induction Motor Drives
Authors: Alsofyani Ibrahim Mohd , Idris Nik Rumzi Nik , Alamri Yahya A. , Sutikno Tole , Wangsupphaphol Aree , Nordin Norjulia M. 
Published: March 2017

<span lang="EN-US">Torque calculation process is one of the major concerns for controlling induction motors in industry, which requires very accurate state estimation of unmeasurable variables of nonlinear models. This can be solved if the variables used for torque calculation is accurately estimated. This paper presents a torque calculation based on a voltage model represented with a low-pass filter (LPF), and an extended Kalman filter (EKF). The experimental results showed that the estimated torque at low speed based on EKF is more accurate in the expense of more complicated and larger computational time. </span>
A Soft Switching Control Strategy Based on Interleaved Boost Converter for BLDC Motor Drive
Authors: Ramesh V. , Latha Y. Kusuma 
Published: March 2017

In this paper, Zero-Voltage-Transition (ZVT) two-cell interleaved boost Power Factor Correction (PFC) converter for voltage source Inverter (VSI) fed permanent magnet brushless DC motor (PMBLDCM) drive has been proposed Scheme reduce the torque ripple of BLDC motor drive and also reduce the switching losses of VSI for Which an auxiliary circuit is designed and added to the interleaved boost converter. For achieving soft switching, only one switch is used in auxiliary circuit which reduces the torque ripple and switching losses. In this proposed control strategy, the DC link voltage is controlled with interleaved boost converter which is proportional to the desired speed of the BLDC motor. In this paper, six switch and four switch VSI is also implemented with interleaved boost converter topology. A comparison is made between the six switch and Four Switch VSI fed PMBLDC Motor drive and Torque Analysis as been done. To validate the proposed work, results are presented. The results showed that proposed converter control strategy operating under soft switching mode improves the efficiency of the drive system with PFC feature in wide range of the speed control.
Design and Implementation of Pulse Width Modulation Using Hardware/Software MicroBlaze Soft-Core
Authors: Zemmouri A. , Elgouri R. , Alareqi M. , Benbrahim M. , Hlou L. 
Published: March 2017

This paper presents an embedded control application of clock frequency to control the pulse width of the output signals, implemented on field programmable get array. This control allows the creation of lines of Pulse-width modulation depending on the numbers of card outputs, without using the specific "Timers /Counters" blocks; this method is effective to adjust the amount of power supplied to an electrical charge. The purpose of this work is to achieve a real time hardware implementation with higher performance in both size and speed. Performance of these design implemented in field programmable get array virtex5 card, and Signals displayed on an oscilloscope.
Modeling & Analysis of a Novel Adaptive Hysteresis Band Controller for Boost and Buck Converter
Authors: Roy Choudhury Tanmoy , Nayak Byamakesh 
Published: March 2017

In this paper, a new topology of Adaptive Hysteresis Band controller for Boost &amp; Buck converter has been proposed, modeled and analyzed. The difficulties caused in Hysteresis Band (HB) controlled dc-dc converter have been eliminated using Adaptive Hysteresis Band (AHB) controller. This novel control topology can be able to maintain the switching frequency constant unlike HB controller. Thus the filter design for the converters will become easier with this controller. Again this control methodology is a robust one as it depends upon the system parameters where there was no possibility with HB controller. The Mathematical modeling of the controller is shown in this paper, further this has been simulated using Matlab /SIMULINK to generate pulse. The steady state analysis to find the parameters and the stability condition of the converter using the dynamic behavior is also portrayed in this paper. The simulation for a Boost and a Buck converter is also shown separately using AHB controller.
A Modified Dual Input DC-DC Converter for Hybrid Energy Application
Authors: Athikkal Sivaprasad , Sundaramoorthy Kumaravel , Sankar Ashok 
Published: March 2017

Power electronic interface has reached a new level in the area of hybrid energy integration nowadays. The existence for the concept of hybrid energy integration is truly questionable without a proper power electronic interface. In this paper, a modified dual input DC-DC converter which is capable of incorporating two distinct V-I characteristic sources such as solar-PV, battery, fuel cell, etc., is proposed. The converter has the ability to operate in both unidirectional and bidirectional mode with buck, buck-boost and boost operation. The software simulation of the proposed converter has been conducted in MATLAB/Simulink platform in a detailed manner and an experimental prototype of the propsed converter has been built to validate the simulation results.
Distinct Regulatory Effects of Myeloid Cell and Endothelial Cell NAPDH Oxidase 2 on Blood Pressure
Authors: Sag Can Martin , Schnelle Moritz , Zhang Juqian , Murdoch Colin E. , Kossmann Sabine , Protti Andrea , Santos Celio X.C. , Sawyer Greta , Zhang Xiaohong , Mongue-Din Heloise , Richards Daniel A. , Brewer Alison C. , Prysyazhna Oleksandra , Maier Lars S. , Wenzel Philip , Eaton Philip J. , Shah Ajay M. 
Published: March 2017

Background:
Hypertension caused by increased renin-angiotensin system activation is associated with elevated reactive oxygen species production. Previous studies implicate NADPH oxidase (Nox) proteins as important reactive oxygen species sources during renin-angiotensin system activation, with different Nox isoforms being potentially involved. Among these, Nox2 is expressed in multiple cell types, including endothelial cells, fibroblasts, immune cells, and microglia. Blood pressure (BP) is regulated at the central nervous system, renal, and vascular levels, but the cell-specific role of Nox2 in BP regulation is unknown.

Methods:
We generated a novel mouse model with a floxed Nox2 gene and used Tie2-Cre, LysM Cre, or Cdh5-CreERT2 driver lines to develop cell-specific models of Nox2 perturbation to investigate its role in BP regulation.

Results:
Unexpectedly, Nox2 deletion in myeloid but not endothelial cells resulted in a significant reduction in basal BP. Both Tie2-CreNox2 knockout (KO) mice (in which Nox2 was deficient in both endothelial cells and myeloid cells) and LysM CreNox2KO mice (in which Nox2 was deficient in myeloid cells) had significantly lower BP than littermate controls, whereas basal BP was unaltered in Cdh5-CreERT2 Nox2KO mice (in which Nox2 is deficient only in endothelial cells). The lower BP was attributable to an increased NO bioavailability that dynamically dilated resistance vessels in vivo under basal conditions without a change in renal function. Myeloid-specific Nox2 deletion had no effect on angiotensin II–induced hypertension, which, however, was blunted in Tie2-CreNox2KO mice, along with preservation of endothelium-dependent relaxation during angiotensin II stimulation.

Conclusions:
We identify a hitherto unrecognized modulation of basal BP by myeloid cell Nox2, whereas endothelial cell Nox2 regulates angiotensin II–induced hypertension. These results identify distinct cell-specific roles for Nox2 in BP regulation.