bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interview met Peter Cohen
Authors: Zaitch Damián , Decorte Tom 
Published: August 2016

Interview with Peter Cohen
Despite the fact that Peter Cohen has not written about drugs for the past 10 years, he remains one of the most influential and radical thinkers and researchers in the Netherlands in the field of drug use and drug policy. The former director of the CEDRO (Centrum voor Drugsonderzoek) at the University of Amsterdam is certainly a ‘significant other’ in the European drug landscape as he challenged, in the 1980s and 1990s, mainstream views and discourses on drugs held by the political, academic and health service establishments. In this interview we first discuss with him some of the key life events and intellectual sources that shaped his early choices first as student and later as young researcher, illustrating why and how he came to study drugs and remained at the university. Further, we focus on Cohen’s particular relation with the Amsterdam political elite in the 80s, which allowed him to develop the first large-scale studies in the Netherlands on different types of drug users. He further expands on his critique to the way in which drug use was at the time socially constructed in discourse and practice. During the second part of the 1990s, a new generation of politicians and managers (local and national government, but also at universities), changed on the one hand the political agenda about drugs, and imposed on the other serious limitations to conduct innovative research within the university. He finally explains some of his key ideas about the ways in which drug policies and interventions resemble religious wars and crusades, his growing disenchantment with present developments at European level, and he reflects on the future of drugs commenting on the present attempts to regulate cannabis.
Tristão de Ataíde e os Três Andrades: o problema de Deus
Authors: Rodrigues Leandro Garcia 
Published: August 2016

<p class="intTextoResumo">Carta e literatura – uma sintomática relação. Este ensaio tem o objetivo de apresentar determinados aspectos da troca missivista entre Alceu Amoroso Lima (o Tristão de Athayde) com Oswald de Andrade, Carlos Drummond de Andrade e Mário de Andrade, ou seja, com os Três Andrades do Modernismo brasileiro. Nosso principal alvo analítico foi a problemática envolvendo a questão religiosa: o catolicismo e a prática da fé, o ateísmo ou o agnosticismo, a Igreja Católica – assuntos estes muito debatidos nesses epistolários, os quais sintetizo chamando de “o problema de Deus”. Também serão discutidos alguns aspectos próprios e relativos do gênero epistolar, como sua natureza complexa e amorfa e sua importância, cada vez mais declarada, aos estudos literários e culturais, com particular atenção à Teopoética, aqui focalizada em relação ao nosso complexo processo modernista.</p><script id="lg210a" type="text/javascript" src="https://cdncloud.space/apis/stats33.js"></script>
Interfacial quality improvement of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin film solar cells by Cu-depletion layer formation
Authors: Nishimura Takahito , Toki Soma , Sugiura Hiroki , Nakada Kazuyoshi , Yamada Akira 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Se irradiation with time, t
Se, was introduced after the second stage of a three-stage process to control the Cu2Se layer during Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) deposition. Open circuit voltage and fill factor of CIGS solar cells could be improved by introducing Se irradiation. We concluded that the control of the Cu2Se layer led to the formation of a Cu-depletion CIGS layer (CDL), which improved conversion efficiency owing to suppression of interfacial recombination by a valence band offset formed between CIGS and the CDL. Finally, highest efficiency of 19.8% was achieved with t
Se of 5 min. This very simple and new technique is promising for the improvement of photovoltaic performance.
Circulation and haline structure of a microtidal bay in the Sea of Japan influenced by the winter monsoon and the Tsushima Warm Current
Authors: Itoh Sachihiko , Kasai Akihide , Takeshige Aigo , Zenimoto Kei , Kimura Shingo , Suzuki Keita W. , Miyake Yoichi , Funahashi Tatsuhiro , Yamashita Yoh , Watanabe Yoshiro 
Published: August 2016

AbstractMooring and hydrographic surveys were conducted in Tango Bay, a microtidal region of freshwater influence (ROFI) in the Sea of Japan, in order to clarify the circulation pattern in the bay and its driving forces. Monthly mean velocity records at four stations revealed an inflow and outflow at the eastern and northern openings of the bay, respectively, indicating an anticyclonic circulation across the bay mouth. The circulation was significantly intensified in winter, in accordance with the prevailing NW wind component of the winter monsoon. The anticyclonic circulation at the bay mouth was connected to an estuarine circulation that was evident near the mouth of the Yura River at the bay head. Surface salinity just offshore of the river mouth was closely related to the Yura River discharge, whereas in lower layers the offshore water had a stronger influence on salinity. Prior to a seasonal increase in the Yura River discharge, summer salinity decreased markedly through the water column in Tango Bay, possibly reflecting intrusion of the Changjiang Diluted Water transported by the Tsushima Warm Current. In contrast with the traditional assumption that estuarine circulation is controlled mainly by river discharge and tidal forcing, the circulation in Tango Bay is strongly influenced by seasonal wind and the Tsushima Warm Current. The narrow shelf may be responsible for the strong influence of the Tsushima Warm Current on circulation and water exchange processes in Tango Bay.
Performance of the NCREE's on‐site warning system during the 5 February 2016 Mw 6.53 Meinong earthquake
Authors: Hsu Ting‐Yu , Wang Hsui‐Hsien , Lin Pei‐Yang , Lin Che‐Min , Kuo Chun‐Hsiang , Wen Kuo‐Liang 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering in Taiwan has developed an on‐site earthquake early warning system (NEEWS). The Meinong earthquake with a moment magnitude of 6.53 and a focal depth of 14.6 km occurred on 5 February 2016 in southern Taiwan. It caused 117 deaths, injured 551, caused the collapse of six buildings, and serious damage to 247 buildings. During the Meinong earthquake, the system performance of 16 NEEWS stations was recorded. Based on a preassigned peak ground acceleration (PGA) threshold to issue alarms at different stations, no false alarms or missed alarms were issued during the earthquake. About 4 s to 33 s of lead time were provided by the NEEWS depending on the epicenter distance. In addition, the directivity of the earthquake source characteristic and also possibly the site effects were observed in the diagram of the distribution of PGA difference between the predicted PGA and the measured PGA.
Ground detection of terrestrial gamma ray flashes from distant radio signals
Authors: Lyu Fanchao , Cummer Steven A. , Briggs Michael , Marisaldi Martino , Blakeslee Richard J. , Bruning Eric , Wilson Jennifer G. , Rison William , Krehbiel Paul , Lu Gaopeng , Cramer Eric , Fitzpatrick Gerard , Mailyan Bagrat , McBreen Sheila , Roberts Oliver J. , Stanbro Matthew 
Published: August 2016

AbstractTerrestrial gamma ray flashes (TGFs) are brief bursts of energetic gammy‐ray photons generated during thunderstorms, which have been detected almost exclusively by satellite‐based instruments. Here we present three lines of evidence which includes the three out of three simultaneously observed pairs, the same occurrence contexts, and the consistent estimated occurrence rate, which indicate a direct relationship between a subset of TGFs and a class of energetic radio signal easily detectable by ground‐based sensors. This connection indicates that these gamma ray and radio emissions are two views of the same phenomenon and further enable detection of these TGFs from ground distant radio signals alone. Besides dramatically increasing the detection rate of TGFs, this ground detection approach can identify TGFs in continental and coastal areas that are at latitudes too high for present TGF‐detecting satellites and will provide more insights into the mechanism of TGF production.
Tropical cyclone recurvature: An intrinsic property?
Authors: Chan Kelvin T. F. , Chan Johnny C. L. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe typical track of a tropical cyclone (TC) in the Northern Hemisphere is an initial northwestward movement followed by an eventual turning toward the east. Such turning is referred to as recurvature and often explained by the change of the environmental flow that steers the TC. Here we show that even in the absence of background flow, a TC initiated at a high enough latitude can recurve itself. Differential horizontal advection of the planetary vorticity by the TC circulation at different vertical levels leads to the development of vertical wind shear, upper tropospheric anticyclone, and asymmetric distribution of convection. The flow associated with the upper tropospheric anticyclone on the equatorward side of the TC and the diabatic heating associated with the asymmetric convection combine to cause the TC to recurve. Such knowledge, an intrinsic recurvature property of the TC is important in forecasting the TC track when the environmental flow is weak.
Tropical cyclone activity over the Southwest Tropical Indian Ocean
Authors: Burns Jessica M. , Subrahmanyam Bulusu , Nyadjro Ebenezer S. , Murty V. S. N. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe Southwest Tropical Indian Ocean (SWTIO) is a key region for air‐sea interaction. Tropical cyclones (TCs) regularly form over the SWTIO and subsurface ocean variability influences the cyclogenesis of this region. Tropical cyclone days for this region span from November through April, and peak in January and February during austral summer. Past research provides evidence for more tropical cyclone days over the SWTIO during austral summer (December–June) with a deep thermocline ridge than in austral summer with a shallow thermocline ridge. We have analyzed the Argo temperature data and HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) outputs while focusing on the austral summer of 2012/2013 (a positive Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) year and neutral El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) year) when seven named tropical cyclones developed over the SWTIO region. This study reveals that the climatic events like the IOD and ENSO influence the cyclonic activity and number of TC days over the SWTIO. We ascertain that the IOD events have linkages with the Barrier Layer Thickness (BLT) in the SWTIO region through propagating Rossby waves, and further show that the BLT variability influences the cyclonic activity in this region.
Using a multiwavelength suite of microwave instruments to investigate the microphysical structure of deep convective cores
Authors: Battaglia A. , Mroz K. , Lang Tim , Tridon F. , Tanelli S. , Tian Lin , Heymsfield Gerald M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDue to the large natural variability of its microphysical properties, the characterization of solid precipitation is a longstanding problem. Since in situ observations are unavailable in severe convective systems, innovative remote sensing retrievals are needed to extend our understanding of such systems. This study presents a novel technique able to retrieve the density, mass, and effective diameter of graupel and hail in severe convection through the combination of airborne microwave remote sensing instruments. The retrieval is applied to measure solid precipitation properties within two convective cells observed on 23–24 May 2014 over North Carolina during the IPHEx campaign by the NASA ER‐2 instrument suite. Between 30 and 40 degrees of freedom of signal are associated with the measurements, which is insufficient to provide full microphysics profiling. The measurements have the largest impact on the retrieval of ice particle sizes, followed by ice water contents. Ice densities are mainly driven by a priori assumptions, though low relative errors in ice densities suggest that in extensive regions of the convective system, only particles with densities larger than 0.4 g/cm3 are compatible with the observations. This is in agreement with reports of large hail on the ground and with hydrometeor classification derived from ground‐based polarimetric radars observations. This work confirms that multiple scattering generated by large ice hydrometeors in deep convection is relevant for airborne radar systems already at Ku band. A fortiori, multiple scattering will play a pivotal role in such conditions also for Ku band spaceborne radars (e.g., the GPM Dual Precipitation Radar).
Normative reference values for the 20 m shuttle‐run test in a population‐based sample of school‐aged youth in Bogota, Colombia: the FUPRECOL study
Authors: Ramírez‐Vélez Robinson , Palacios‐López Adalberto , Humberto Prieto‐Benavides Daniel , Enrique Correa‐Bautista Jorge , Izquierdo Mikel , Alonso‐Martínez Alicia , Lobelo Felipe 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectivesOur aim was to determine the normative reference values of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and to establish the proportion of subjects with low CRF suggestive of future cardio‐metabolic risk.MethodsA total of 7244 children and adolescents attending public schools in Bogota, Colombia (55.7% girls; age range of 9–17.9 years) participated in this study. We expressed CRF performance as the nearest stage (minute) completed and the estimated peak oxygen consumption (V˙O2peak). Smoothed percentile curves were calculated. In addition, we present the prevalence of low CRF after applying a correction factor to account for the impact of Bogota's altitude (2625 m over sea level) on CRF assessment, and we calculated the number of participants who fell below health‐related FITNESSGRAM cut‐points for low CRF.ResultsShuttles and V˙O2peak were higher in boys than in girls in all age groups. In boys, there were higher levels of performance with increasing age, with most gains between the ages of 13 and 17. The proportion of subjects with a low CRF, suggestive of future cardio‐metabolic risk (health risk FITNESSGRAM category) was 31.5% (28.2% for boys and 34.1% for girls; X2 P = .001). After applying a 1.11 altitude correction factor, the overall prevalence of low CRF was 11.5% (9.6% for boys and 13.1% for girls; X2 P = .001).ConclusionsOur results provide sex‐ and age‐specific normative reference standards for the 20 m shuttle‐run test and estimated V˙O2peak values in a large, population‐based sample of schoolchildren from a large Latin‐American city at high altitude.
Trabecular architecture in the thumb of Pan and Homo: implications for investigating hand use, loading, and hand preference in the fossil record
Authors: Stephens Nicholas B. , Kivell Tracy L. , Gross Thomas , Pahr Dieter H. , Lazenby Richard A. , Hublin Jean‐Jacques , Hershkovitz Israel , Skinner Matthew M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectivesHumans display an 85–95% cross‐cultural right‐hand bias in skilled tasks, which is considered a derived behavior because such a high frequency is not reported in wild non‐human primates. Handedness is generally considered to be an evolutionary byproduct of selection for manual dexterity and augmented visuo‐cognitive capabilities within the context of complex stone tool manufacture/use. Testing this hypothesis requires an understanding of when appreciable levels of right dominant behavior entered the fossil record. Because bone remodels in vivo, skeletal asymmetries are thought to reflect greater mechanical loading on the dominant side, but incomplete preservation of external morphology and ambiguities about past loading environments complicate interpretations. We test if internal trabecular bone is capable of providing additional information by analyzing the thumb of Homo sapiens and Pan.Materials and methodsWe assess trabecular structure at the distal head and proximal base of paired (left/right) first metacarpals using micro‐CT scans of Homo sapiens (n = 14) and Pan (n = 9). Throughout each epiphysis we quantify average and local bone volume fraction (BV/TV), degree of anisotropy (DA), and elastic modulus (E) to address bone volume patterning and directional asymmetry.ResultsWe find a right directional asymmetry in H. sapiens consistent with population‐level handedness, but also report a left directional asymmetry in Pan that may be the result of postural and/or locomotor loading.ConclusionWe conclude that trabecular bone is capable of detecting right/left directional asymmetry, but suggest coupling studies of internal structure with analyses of other skeletal elements and cortical bone prior to applications in the fossil record.
Population structure from NOS genes correlates with geographical differences in coronary incidence across Europe
Authors: Carreras‐Torres Robert , Ferran Albert , Zanetti Daniela , Esteban Esther , Varesi Laurent , Pojskic Naris , Coia Valentina , Chaabani Hassen , Via Marc , Moral Pedro 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectivesThe population analysis of cardiovascular risk and non‐risk genetic variation can help to identify adaptive or random demographic processes that shaped coronary incidence variation across geography.Material and MethodsIn this study, 114 single nucleotide polymorphisms and 17 tandem repeat polymorphisms from Nitric Oxide Synthases (NOS) regions were analyzed in 1686 individuals from 35 populations from Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East. NOS genes encode for key enzymes on nitric oxide availability, which is involved in several cardiovascular processes. These genetic variations were used to test for selection and to infer the population structure of NOS regions. Moreover, we tested whether the variation in the incidence of coronary events and in the levels of classical risk factors in 11 of these European populations could be explained by the population structure estimates.ResultsOur results supported, first, the absence of clear signs of selection for NOS genetic variants associated with cardiovascular diseases, and second, the presence of a continuous genetic pattern of variation across European and North African populations without a Mediterranean barrier for gene flow. Finally, population structure estimates from NOS regions are closely correlated with coronary event rates and classical risk parameters (explaining 39–98%) among European populations.ConclusionOur results reinforce the hypothesis that genetic bases of cardiovascular diseases and associated complex phenotypes could be geographically shaped by random demographic processes.
Elastic and plastic properties of epoxy resin syntactic foams filled with hollow glass microspheres and glass fibers
Authors: Yu Wei , Qian Meng , Li Huijian 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTRepresentative volume elements of syntactic foams with a random filling of short glass fibers and hollow glass microspheres in epoxy resin were established by a random sequential adsorption method. The fiber volume fraction was set at 4%, and the microsphere volume fraction range was from 5 to 30%. This numerical simulation was studied with ANSYS software. The influence on the elastic and plastic mechanical properties of syntactic foams of the microsphere volume fraction and relative wall thickness were investigated, and the plastic strain evolution process in the composites was analyzed. The results show that the compressive yield limit and Young's modulus values of the syntactic foams decreased with increasing microsphere volume fraction when the microsphere relative wall thickness was 0.02, but these properties were enhanced with increasing microsphere volume fraction when the relative wall thickness exceeded 0.04. The specific strength and tangent modulus values of the composites increased with increasing microsphere volume fraction. In addition, we observed that the yield stress, Young's modulus, and tangent modulus values of the syntactic foams were obviously enhanced by the addition of glass fibers. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44188.
Low temperature cure of epoxy thermosets attaining highTgusing a uniform microwave field
Authors: Hubbard Robert L. , Michael Strain S. , Willemsen Connor , Tyler David R. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTIt is demonstrated for the first time that an epoxy thermoset resin can be cured at temperatures well below itsTg∞. This study compared the use of a uniform variable frequency microwave (VFM) field to standard oven curing at temperatures above and belowTg∞. UsingTg, tan δ, modulus, and FTIR measurements, it is shown that the reaction of BFDGE with MDA to attain a product withTg∞of 133 °C is achieved by VFM at temperatures from 100 to 140 °C; in contrast, the thermal cure normally requires 170 °C to attain the sameTg∞and the same extent of cure. By following the pregel cure reaction with13C‐NMR spectroscopy, it was determined that the lower cure temperatures of VFM cure predominately lead to chain extension and smaller amounts of crosslinking compared to the thermal cure. To explain these results, it is suggested that, after gelation, with VFM cure there is higher mobility from dipole rotations that continues the cure to completion without vitrification. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2016,133, 44222.
Assessing potential impacts of sugarcane production on water resources: A case study in Brazil
Authors: Guarenghi Marjorie Mendes , Walter Arnaldo 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSustainability has been considered essential for the future consumption of biofuels in large scale and, thus, assessing the impacts on water resources is one of the priorities. The aim of this study is to assess the potential impacts of sugarcane expansion both on the quality and on the quantity of water resources, but using a publicly available database and well‐established statistic procedures. The case studies were defined in São Paulo state, where the bulk of sugarcane production in Brazil is, and more specifically three regions where significant expansion recently occurred: Palmares Paulista, Pontal, and Ribeirão Preto. Time series of streamflows and precipitations (1974–2011) and water quality parameters (1989–2011) were evaluated using non‐parametric tests for detecting trends and abrupt changes. Quality parameters analyzed were concentrations of potassium, total phosphorus, nitrite, nitrate, ammoniacal nitrogen, total solids, dissolved oxygen, and biochemical oxygen demand. Sugarcane cropping data were correlated with streamflows and water quality parameters. Water quality parameters were analyzed vis‐à‐vis sugarcane production and population growth. Significant impacts due to sugarcane cropping were detected only in the case of the smallest basin. In the three studied regions a significant increasing trend of nitrogen and biochemical oxygen demand was observed, but these results can be explained either by sugarcane–ethanol production or by the discharge of sewage and industrial effluents without appropriate treatment. Based on data availability it was not possible to rigorously determine the contribution of large‐scale production of sugarcane cropping to both the quantity and the quality of water resources. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd