bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What can moist thermodynamics tell us about circulation shifts in response to uniform warming?
Authors: Shaw Tiffany A. , Voigt Aiko 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAquaplanet simulations exhibit a robust expansion of the Hadley cell and poleward jet shift in response to uniform warming of sea surface temperature. Here moist thermodynamic and dynamic frameworks are combined to make predictions of circulation responses to warming. We show Clausius‐Clapeyron (CC) scaling of specific humidity with warming predicts an expansion of the Hadley circulation according to convective quasi‐equilibrium dynamics. A poleward jet shift follows from the control‐climate relationship between the Hadley cell edge and jet stream position. CC scaling of specific humidity with warming also predicts decreased diffusivity and a poleward shift of the latitude of maximum latent and dry static energy transport according to mixing‐length theory. Finally, atmospheric cloud radiative changes shift the latitude of maximum energy transport poleward in most models. Our results show moist thermodynamics can predict meridional shifts of the circulation when combined with dynamical frameworks; however, additional feedbacks are important for the simulated response.
Identification and interpretation of nonnormality in atmospheric time series
Authors: Proistosescu Cristian , Rhines Andrew , Huybers Peter 
Published: April 2016

AbstractNonnormal characteristics of geophysical time series are important determinants of extreme events and may provide insight into the underlying dynamics of a system. The structure of nonnormality in winter temperature is examined through the use of linear filtering of radiosonde temperature time series. Filtering either low or high frequencies generally suppresses what is otherwise statistically significant nonnormal variability in temperature. The structure of nonnormality is partly attributable to geometric relations between filtering and the appearance of skewness, kurtosis, and higher order moments in time series data, and partly attributable to the presence of nonnormal temperature variations at the highest resolved frequencies in the presence of atmospheric memory. A nonnormal autoregressive model and a multiplicative noise model are both consistent with the observed frequency structure of nonnormality. These results suggest that the generating mechanism for nonnormal variations does not necessarily act at the frequencies at which greatest nonnormality is observed.
Longitudinal and local time asymmetries of magnetospheric turbulence in Saturn's plasma sheet
Authors: von Papen Michael , Saur Joachim 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBased on earlier studies that have shown Saturn's middle magnetosphere to contain turbulent magnetic field fluctuations, we analyze the spatial and temporal variations of the magnetic fluctuations and turbulent heating rate as a function of local time and magnetic phase. The region of study is Saturn's plasma sheet at a distance of 6–20 Rs, where Rs is Saturn's equatorial radius. The data set consists of magnetic field data measured during 92 orbits (revolutions) from the equatorial phases of Cassini covering 9 years from 2004 to 2012. We find asymmetries in the magnetosphere with enhanced fluctuations around noon. With respect to longitude we find increased fluctuations at 65° southern and 250° northern magnetic phase. This leads to an increased turbulent heating rate in these regions and is consistent with regions of increased plasma density and maximum downward field‐aligned currents according to the quasi‐dipolar perturbation fields. Analysis of single orbits reveals that the heating rate of 79% of all analyzed inbound and outbound legs is significantly (statistical error less than 1%) sinusoidally modulated. The modulation of the turbulent heating rate is predominantly observed during times when Cassini is located between dusk and midnight and additionally at dawn.
Present‐day kinematics of the eastern Tibetan Plateau and Sichuan Basin: Implications for lower crustal rheology
Authors: Rui X. , Stamps D. S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe Sichuan Province comprises the cratonic Sichuan Basin and the eastern Tibetan Plateau separated by the recently activated Longmen Shan fault zone, thus providing a natural laboratory to study interseismic and postseismic processes. In this work we compute a new regional geodetic velocity solution from most of the continuous Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)/GPS data available in the Sichuan Province that we assess for transient postseismic deformation. For 11 continuous sites in close proximity to the Wenchuan 2008 event epicenter that were operational during the Wenchuan event we find an average short‐term relaxation time of 11 days with maximum amplitude of 6.6 mm for the postseismic transient and no resolvable long‐term transient. Using tests for block rigidity guided by previous kinematic studies we elucidate a longer‐term transient in GNSS/GPS observations collected after the Wenchuan event that spans an extensive region of the eastern Tibetan Plateau. We correct for transients, produce an updated secular velocity field, and revise the kinematics of the region using elastic block modeling. Our results indicate that predicted slip rates are in good agreement with both geological and GNSS/GPS velocity profile‐derived results, and we resolve two independent blocks with the expanded GNSS/GPS data set. Our constraints on the spatial extent of long‐term postseismic deformation support models of ductile lower crust in the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau.
Investigation of a marine magnetic polarity reversal boundary in cross section at the northern boundary of the Kane Megamullion, Mid‐Atlantic Ridge, 23°40′N
Authors: Xu Min , Tivey M. A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractNear‐bottom magnetic field measurements made by the submersible Nautile during the 1992 Kanaut Expedition define the cross‐sectional geometry of magnetic polarity reversal boundaries and the vertical variation of crustal magnetization in lower oceanic crust exposed along the Kane Transform Fault (TF) at the northern boundary of the Kane Megamullion (KMM). The KMM exposes lower crust and upper mantle rocks on a low‐angle normal fault that was active between 3.3 Ma and 2.1 Ma. The geometry of the polarity boundaries is estimated from an inversion of the submarine magnetic data for crustal magnetization. In general, the polarity boundaries dip away from the ridge axis along the Kane TF scarp, with a west dipping angle of ~45° in the shallow (<1 km) crust and <20° in the deeper crust. The existence of the magnetic polarity boundaries (e.g., C2r.2r/C2An.1n, ~2.581 Ma) indicates that the lower crustal gabbros and upper mantle serpentinized peridotites are able to record a coherent magnetic signal. Our results support the conclusion of Williams (2007) that the lower crust cools through the Curie temperature of magnetite to become magnetic, with the polarity boundaries representing both frozen isotherms and isochrons. We also test the effects of the rotation of this isotherm structure and/or footwall rotation and find that the magnetic polarity boundary geometry is not sensitive to these directional changes.
A multistatic HF beacon network for ionospheric specification in the Peruvian sector
Authors: Hysell D. L. , Milla M. A. , Vierinen J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA small network of HF beacon transmitters and receivers has been deployed in Peru for specifying the F region ionosphere in the sector. The effort is motivated by ionospheric disturbances associated with equatorial spread F (ESF) and specifically disturbances arising under inauspicious conditions for ESF as determined by numerical simulations. The beacons operate at dual frequencies (2.72 and 3.64 MHz). They are CW but incorporate pseudorandom noise (PRN) coding so that the group delays of the links can be measured. Other observables are power, Doppler shift, bearing, and polarization. A transmitter is currently deployed at Ancon (11°46'37''S, 77°09'1''W, 51 m above sea level (asl)), while receivers are at Jicamarca (11°57'5.8''S, 76°52'27''W, 510 m asl) and Huancayo (12°02'30''S, 75°19'15''W, 3315 m asl). An algorithm for inverting the beacon data combined with electron density profiles from Jicamarca is described. Data and representative solutions from an experimental campaign held in August 2015 are presented and evaluated.
Evaluation and design of actuator fault diagnosability for nonlinear affine uncertain systems with unknown indeterminate inputs
Authors: Xing Zirui , Xia Yuanqing 
Published: April 2016

SummaryIn this paper, the evaluation and design scheme of fault diagnosability are investigated by differential geometry theories for a class of nonlinear affine uncertain systems with unknown indeterminate inputs. Considering two coupling relationships of outputs with uncertainties and faults, the sufficient and necessary conditions of fault detectability and isolability are established. For the problem that uncertainties influence the system outputs and make the faults undetectable, a design scheme of fault diagnosability is proposed. For nonlinear affine uncertain systems, a relatively complete theoretical system of the evaluation and design of fault diagnosability comes into being. An illustrative example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed evaluation and design scheme of fault diagnosability. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Toughening of syndiotactic polypropylene with chalk
Authors: Pietrzak Lukasz , Sowinski Przemyslaw , Bojda Joanna , Piorkowska Ewa , Galeski Andrzej 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTWe hypothesized that polymer crystal anisotropy is advantageous for toughening of polymer composites involving easy slip network of oriented crystalline layers around filler particles. To this end, composites of syndiotactic polypropylene (sPP) with high concentration of submicrometer calcium carbonate particles were prepared and examined because usual sPP crystals exhibit high packing anisotropy. The specific orientation of sPP lamellae around chalk grains was found, which is supposed to facilitate the plastic deformation of polymer matrices. The compression molded bars of the composite exhibited markedly higher Izod impact strength than those of neat sPP. Toughening was even enhanced in the injection molded composite, for which 4.5‐fold increase in the impact strength was achieved. Injection‐induced orientation of the disordered form I sPP crystals was enhanced in the composite. The injection molded tensile specimens exhibited also a good drawability. Debonding at chalk–sPP interface occurred both during the impact and tensile tests facilitating the plastic deformation of sPP matrix. Chalk did not have any significant influence on the thermal properties of the composites but it affected the rheological behavior, increasing the loss and storage moduli, and the viscosity. Highly filled sPP composite exhibited solid‐like behavior in a molten state with the storage modulus exceeding the loss modulus in the entire frequency range. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43651.
HPLC enantioseparation of racemic bupropion, baclofen and etodolac: modification of conventional ligand exchange approach by pre‐column formation of chiral ligand exchange complexes
Authors: Singh Manisha , Bhushan Ravi 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSeparation of racemic mixture of (RS)‐bupropion, (RS)‐baclofen and (RS)‐etodolac, commonly marketed racemic drugs, has been achieved by modifying the conventional ligand exchange approach. The Cu(II) complexes were first prepared with a few l‐amino acids, namely, l‐proline, l‐histidine, l‐phenylalanine and l‐tryptophan, and to these was introduced a mixture of the enantiomer pair of (RS)‐bupropion, or (RS)‐baclofen or (RS)‐etodolac. As a result, formation of a pair of diastereomeric complexes occurred by ‘chiral ligand exchange’ via the competition between the chelating l‐amino acid and each of the two enantiomers from a given pair. The diastereomeric mixture formed in the pre‐column process was loaded onto HPLC column. Thus, both the phases during chromatographic separation process were achiral (i.e. neither the stationary phase had any chiral structural feature of its own nor did the mobile phase have any chiral additive). Separation of diastereomers was successful using a C18 column and a binary mixture of MeCN and TEAP buffer of pH 4.0 (60:40, v/v) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1 mL/min and UV detection at 230 nm for (RS)‐Bup, 220 nm for (RS)‐Bac and 223 nm for (RS)‐Etd. Baseline separation of the two enantiomers was obtained with a resolution of 6.63 in <15 min. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous quantification of tizoxanide and tizoxanide glucuronide in mouse plasma by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Liu Jinqiu , Meng Fanhua , Li Zhaofeng , Yu Lin , Peng Shuangqing , Guo Jifen , Xu Haiyan 
Published: April 2016

AbstractNitazoxanide (NTZ) is a broad‐spectrum antimicrobial agent. Tizoxanide (T) and tizoxanide glucuronide (TG) are the major circulating metabolites after oral administration of NTZ. A rapid and specific LC–MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of T and TG in mouse plasma was developed and validated. A simple acetonitrile‐induced protein precipitation method was employed to extract two analytes and the internal standard glipizide from 50 μL of mouse plasma. The purified samples were resolved using a C18 column with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 5 mm ammonium formate buffer (containing 0.05% formic acid) following a gradient elution. An API 3000 triple quadrupole mass spectrometer was operated under multiple reaction‐monitoring mode with electrospray ionization. The precursor‐to‐product ion transitions m/z 264 → m/z 217 for T and m/z 440 → m/z 264 for TG were used for quantification. The developed method was linear in the concentration ranges of 1.0–500.0 ng/mL for T and 5.0–1000.0 ng/mL for TG. The intra‐ and inter‐day precision and accuracy of the quality control samples at low, medium and high concentrations exhibited an RSD of <13.2% and the accuracy values ranged from −9.6 to 9.3%. We used this validated method to study the pharmacokinetics of T and TG in mice following oral administration of NTZ. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metabolic profiling of tenacigenin B, tenacissoside H and tenacissoside I using UHPLC‐ESI‐Orbitrap MS/MS
Authors: Zhao Can , Han Ling‐Yu , Ren Wei , Zhao Hai‐Yu , Han Shu‐Yan , Zheng Wen‐Xian , Pang Li‐Na , Li Xiao‐Hong , Li Ping‐Ping 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMarsdenia tenacissima, which is widely used as an anticancer herb in traditional Chinese medicine, has been shown to possess anticancer activity. However, its metabolic profile is poorly investigated. Tenacigenin B is the major steroidal skeleton of C‐21 steroids in M. tenacissima. Tenacissoside H and Tenacissoside I are detected at relatively high levels in M. tenacissima. Therefore, we studied their metabolic characteristics in human liver microsomes by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with high‐resolution mass spectrometry. Fourteen metabolites were tentatively identified by accurate mass measurement and MS/MS fragmentation behavior. It was found that hydroxylation reactions were the major metabolic pathway of Tenacissoside H and Tenacissoside I in human liver microsomes, whereas the metabolic pathway of Tenacigenin B involved dehydrogenation reactions. This is the first time that the metabolic profile of C‐21 steroids from M. tenacissima has been explored in human liver microsomes, which is of great significance for subsequent pharmacokinetic and interaction research. Biotransformation in vivo or in vitro may influence the structure of a compound and change its activity. Identification of their fragmentation behaviors and metabolites provides valuable and new information for further understanding the anti‐tumor activity of M. tenacissima. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Are parenting behaviors associated with child sleep problems during treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia?
Authors: McCarthy Maria C. , Bastiani Jessica , Williams Lauren K. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSleep disturbance is a recognized common side effect in children treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Although associated with treatment factors such as hospitalization and corticosteroids, sleep problems may also be influenced by modifiable environmental factors such as parenting behaviors. The purpose of this study was to examine sleep problems in children undergoing treatment for ALL compared to healthy children and whether parenting practices are associated with sleep difficulties. Parents of 73 children aged 2–6 years who were (1) in the maintenance phase of ALL treatment (ALL group, n = 43) or (2) had no major medical illness (healthy control group, n = 30) participated in the study. Parents completed questionnaires measuring their child's sleep behavior and their own parenting practices. Parents of children undergoing ALL treatment reported significantly more child sleep problems; 48% of children with ALL compared to 23% of healthy children had clinical levels of sleep disturbance. Parents of the ALL group also reported significantly more lax parenting practices and strategies associated with their child's sleep including co‐sleeping, comforting activities, and offering food and drink in the bedroom. Results of multivariate regression analysis indicated that, after controlling for illness status, parent–child co‐sleeping was significantly associated with child sleep difficulties. Strategies employed by parents during ALL treatment may be a potential modifiable intervention target that could result in improved child sleep behaviors. Future research aimed at developing and testing parenting interventions aimed to improve child sleep in the context of oncology treatment is warranted.
Impact of routine crossover balloon occlusion technique on access‐related vascular complications following transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Zaman Sarah , Gooley Robert , Cheng Victoria , McCormick Liam , Meredith Ian T. 
Published: April 2016

ObjectivesTo determine the impact of incorporating routine crossover balloon occlusion technique (CBOT) for vascular access closure following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) on major access‐site‐related complications.BackgroundVascular complications are associated with increased mortality following TAVR. The CBOT involves passage of a balloon catheter from the contralateral femoral artery to enable controlled closure of large‐sheath access‐sites.MethodsConsecutive patients who underwent transfemoral TAVR as part of three clinical trials were prospectively recruited. Patients who had routine CBOT (CBOT group, n = 55) were compared to preceding patients who did not undergo CBOT (control group, n = 43). The primary endpoint was 30‐day occurrence of access‐site‐related Valve Academic Research Consortium (VARC)−2 defined major vascular and/or bleeding complications.ResultsCBOT was successfully performed in 96% with 2% occurrence of a minor CBOT‐related complication. At 30‐days access‐site‐related major vascular and/or bleeding occurred in 5.5% and 18.6% of the CBOT and control group, respectively (P = 0.042). This consisted of VARC‐2 major vascular events in 3.6% and 16.3% (P = 0.036) and VARC‐2 major/life‐threatening bleeding events in 5.5% and 14.0% (P = 0.137) of the CBOT and control group, respectively. Transfusion of ≥2 units of packed red blood cells were required in 10.9% and 30.2% of the CBOT and control group, respectively (P = 0.016). There was no significant difference in contrast load, procedure time, and kidney injury between the two groups.ConclusionsRoutine CBOT for TAVR access‐site closure has a high success rate and is associated with a significant reduction in VARC‐2 major vascular and bleeding complications compared to TAVR performed without CBOT. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Colon cancer metastasis to the thyroid gland: report of a case with unique molecular profile
Authors: Roloff Gregory W. , Yang Zhiming , Wood Lauren V. , Neychev Vladimir K. 
Published: April 2016

Key Clinical MessageA high index of suspicion is needed when a patient presents with thyroid mass in the settings of an advanced CRC. Secondary thyroid malignancy should be considered unless proven otherwise. reatment should be determined considering extent of CRC metastasis, patient's general condition, and presence of local symptoms.
On the Mesoporogen‐Free Synthesis of Single‐Crystalline Hierarchically Structured ZSM‐5 Zeolites in a Quasi‐Solid‐State System
Authors: Ge Tongguang , Hua Zile , He Xiaoyun , Lv Jian , Chen Hangrong , Zhang Lingxia , Yao Heliang , Liu Ziwei , Lin Chucheng , Shi Jianlin 
Published: April 2016

AbstractHierarchically structured zeolites (HSZs) have gained much academic and industrial interest owing to their multiscale pore structures and consequent excellent performances in varied chemical processes. Although a number of synthetic strategies have been developed in recent years, the scalable production of HSZs single crystals with penetrating and three‐dimensionally (3‐D) interconnected mesopore systems but without using a mesoscale template is still a great challenge. Herein, based on a steam‐assisted crystallization (SAC) method, we report a facile and scalable strategy for the synthesis of single‐crystalline ZSM‐5 HSZs by using only a small amount of micropore‐structure‐directing agents (i.e., tetrapropylammonium hydroxide). The synthesized materials exhibited high crystallinity, a large specific surface area of 468 m2 g−1, and a pore volume of 0.43 cm3 g−1 without sacrificing the microporosity (≈0.11 cm3 g−1) in a product batch up to 11.7 g. Further, a kinetically controlled nucleation–growth mechanism is proposed for the successful synthesis of single‐crystalline ZSM‐5 HSZs with this novel process. As expected, compared with the conventional microporous ZSM‐5 and amorphous mesoporous Al‐MCM‐41 counterparts, the synthesized HSZs exhibited significantly enhanced activity and stability and prolonged lifetime in model reactions, especially when bulky molecules were involved.
Montecrinanes A–C: Triterpenes with an Unprecedented Rearranged Tetracyclic Skeleton from Celastrus vulcanicola. Insights into Triterpenoid Biosynthesis Based on DFT Calculations
Authors: Purino Martín , Ardiles Alejandro E. , Callies Oliver , Jiménez Ignacio A. , Bazzocchi Isabel L. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThree new triterpenoids with an unprecedented 6/6/6/6‐fused tetracyclic carbon skeleton, montecrinanes A–C (1–3), were isolated from the root bark of Celastrus vulcanicola, along with known D:B‐friedobaccharanes (4–6), and lupane‐type triterpenes (7–12). The stereostructures of the new metabolites were elucidated based on spectroscopic (1D and 2D NMR) and spectrometric (HR‐EIMS and HR‐ESIMS) techniques. Their absolute configurations were determined by both NMR spectroscopy, with (R)‐(−)‐α‐methoxyphenylacetic acid as a chiral derivatizing agent, and biogenetic considerations. Biogenetic pathways for montecrinane and D:B‐friedobaccharane skeletons were proposed and studied by DFT methods. The theoretical results support the energetic feasibility of the putative biogenetic pathways, in which the 1,2‐methyl shift from the secondary baccharenyl cation represents a novel and key reaction step for a new montecrinane skeleton.