bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Standardized flow cytometry for highly sensitive MRD measurements in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Theunissen Prisca , Mejstrikova Ester , Sedek Lukasz , van der Sluijs-Gelling Alita J. , Gaipa Giuseppe , Bartels Marius , Sobral da Costa Elaine , Kotrová Michaela , Novakova Michaela , Sonneveld Edwin , Buracchi Chiara , Bonaccorso Paola , Oliveira Elen , te Marvelde Jeroen G. , Szczepanski Tomasz , Lhermitte Ludovic , Hrusak Ondrej , Lecrevisse Quentin , Grigore Georgiana Emilia , Froňková Eva , Trka Jan , Brüggemann Monika , Orfao Alberto , van Dongen Jacques J. M. , van der Velden Vincent H. J. 
Published: December 2016

Key Points
Standardized flow cytometry allows highly sensitive MRD measurements in virtually all BCP-ALL patients. If sufficient cells are measured (>4 million), flow cytometric MRD analysis is at least as sensitive as current PCR-based MRD methods.
Respiratory problems and management in people with spinal cord injury
Authors: Berlowitz David J. , Wadsworth Brooke , Ross Jack 
Published: December 2016

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is characterised by profound respiratory compromise secondary to the level of loss of motor, sensory and autonomic control associated with the injury. This review aims to detail these anatomical and physiological changes after SCI, and outline their impact on respiratory function. Injury-related impairments in strength substantially alter pulmonary mechanics, which in turn affect respiratory management and care. Options for treatments must therefore be considered in light of these limitations.Key pointsRespiratory impairment following spinal cord injury (SCI) is more severe in high cervical injuries, and is characterised by low lung volumes and a weak cough secondary to respiratory muscle weakness.Autonomic dysfunction and early-onset sleep disordered breathing compound this respiratory compromise.The mainstays of management following acute high cervical SCI are tracheostomy and ventilation, with noninvasive ventilation and assisted coughing techniques being important in lower cervical and thoracic level injuries.Prompt investigation to ascertain the extent of the SCI and associated injuries, and appropriate subsequent management are important to improve outcomes.Educational aimsTo describe the anatomical and physiological changes after SCI and their impact on respiratory function.To describe the changes in respiratory mechanics seen in cervical SCI and how these changes affect treatments.To discuss the relationship between injury level and respiratory compromise following SCI, and describe those at increased risk of respiratory complications.To present the current treatment options available and their supporting evidence.
Factors affecting long-term efficacy of T regulatory cell-based therapy in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Marek-Trzonkowska Natalia , Myśliwiec Małgorzata , Iwaszkiewicz-Grześ Dorota , Gliwiński Mateusz , Derkowska Ilona , Żalińska Magdalena , Zieliński Maciej , Grabowska Marcelina , Zielińska Hanna , Piekarska Karolina , Jaźwińska-Curyłło Anna , Owczuk Radosław , Szadkowska Agnieszka , Wyka Krystyna , Witkowski Piotr , Młynarski Wojciech , Jarosz-Chobot Przemysława , Bossowski Artur , Siebert Janusz , Trzonkowski Piotr 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Background
Recent studies suggest that immunotherapy using T regulatory cells (Tregs) prolongs remission in type 1 diabetes (T1DM). Here, we report factors that possibly affect the efficacy of this treatment.

Methods
The metabolic and immune background of 12 children with recently diagnosed T1DM, as well as that of untreated subjects, during a 2-year follow-up is presented. Patients were treated with up to 30 × 106/kg b.w. of autologous expanded CD3+CD4+CD25highCD127− Tregs.

Results
The disease progressed and all patients were insulin-dependent 2 years after inclusion. The β-cell function measured by c-peptide levels and the use of insulin were the best preserved in patients treated with two doses of Tregs (3/6 in remission), less so after one dose (1/6 in remission) and the worst in untreated controls (no remissions). Increased levels of Tregs could be seen in peripheral blood after their adoptive transfer together with the shift from naïve CD62L+CD45RA+ to memory CD62L+CD45RA− Tregs. Increasing serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines were found: IL6 increased in all subjects, while IL1 and TNFα increased only in untreated group. Therapeutic Tregs were dependent on IL2, and their survival could be improved by other lymphocytes.

Conclusions
The disease progression was associated with changing proportions of naïve and memory Tregs and slowly increasing proinflammatory activity, which was only partially controlled by the administered Tregs. The therapeutic cells were highly dependent on IL2. We conclude that the therapy should be administered at the earliest to protect the highest possible mass of islets and also to utilize the preserved content of Tregs in the earlier phases of T1DM.
Trial registrationhttp://www.controlled-trials.com/ISRCTN06128462; registered retrospectively
Clinical measures of static foot posture do not agree
Authors: Langley Ben , Cramp Mary , Morrison Stewart C. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to determine the level of agreement between common clinical foot classification measures.MethodsStatic foot assessment was undertaken using the Foot Posture Index (FPI‐6), rearfoot angle (RFA), medial longitudinal arch angle (MLAA) and navicular drop (ND) in 30 participants (29 ± 6 years, 1.72 ± 0.08 m, 75 ± 18 kg). The right foot was measured on two occasions by one rater within the same test environment. Agreement between the test sessions was initially determined for each measure using the Weighted Kappa. Agreement between the measures was determined using Fleiss Kappa.ResultsFoot classification across the two test occasions was almost perfect for MLAA (Kw = .92) and FPI‐6 (Kw = .92), moderate for RFA (Kw = .60) and fair for ND (Kw = .40) for comparison within the measures. Overall agreement between the measures for foot classification was moderate (Kf = .58).ConclusionThe findings reported in this study highlight discrepancies between the chosen foot classification measures. The FPI‐6 was a reliable multi‐planar measure whereas navicular drop emerged as an unreliable measure with only fair agreement across test sessions. The use of this measure for foot assessment is discouraged. The lack of strong consensus between measures for foot classification underpins the need for a consensus on appropriate clinical measures of foot structure.
P311 induces the transdifferentiation of epidermal stem cells to myofibroblast-like cells by stimulating transforming growth factor β1 expression
Authors: Li Haisheng , Yao Zhihui , He Weifeng , Gao Hongyan , Bai Yang , Yang Sisi , Zhang Lu , Zhan Rixing , Tan Jianglin , Zhou Junyi , Takata Masao , Wu Jun , Luo Gaoxing 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Background
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition, especially to myofibroblasts, plays an important role in wound healing, fibrosis, and carcinogenesis. Epidermal stem cells (EpSCs) are responsible for epidermal renewal and wound re-epithelialization. However, it remains unclear whether and how EpSCs transdifferentiate into myofibroblasts or myofibroblast-like cells (MFLCs). Here, we provide the first evidence showing that P311 induces EpSC to MFLC transdifferentiation (EpMyT) via TGFβ1/Smad signaling.

Methods
Wound healing and mesenchymal features were observed in the P311 KO and P311 WT mouse model of superficial second-degree burns. After the primary human or mouse EpSCs were forced to highly express P311 using an adenoviral vector, EpMyT was observed by immunofluorescence, real-time PCR, and western blot. The activity of TGFβ1 and Smad2/3 in EpSCs with different P311 levels was observed by western blot. The TβRI/II inhibitor LY2109761 and Smad3 siRNA were applied to block the EpMyT in P311-overexpressing EpSCs and exogenous TGFβ1 was to restore the EpMyT in P311 KO EpSCs. Furthermore, the mechanism of P311 regulating TGFβ1 was investigated by bisulfite sequencing PCR, luciferase activity assay, and real-time PCR.

Results
P311 KO mouse wounds showed delayed re-epithelialization and reduced mesenchymal features. The human or mouse EpSCs with overexpressed P311 exhibited fusiform morphological changes, upregulated expression of myofibroblast markers (α-SMA and vimentin), and downregulated expression of EpSC markers (β1-integrin and E-cadherin). P311-expressing EpSCs showed decreased TGFβ1 mRNA and increased TGFβ1 protein, TβRI/II mRNA, and activated Smad2/3. Moreover, LY2109761 and Smad3 siRNA reversed P311-induced EpMyT. Under the stimulation of exogenous TGFβ1, the phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3 in P311 KO EpSCs was significantly lower than that in P311 WT EpSCs and the EpMyT in P311 KO EpSCs was restored. Furthermore, P311 enhanced the methylation of TGFβ1 promoter and increased activities of TGFβ1 5′/3′ untranslated regions (UTRs) to stimulate TGFβ1 expression. P311+α-SMA+ cells and P311+vimentin+ cells were observed in the epidermis of human burn wounds. Also, P311 was upregulated by IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, and hypoxia.

Conclusions
P311 is a novel TGFβ1/Smad signaling-mediated regulator of transdifferentiation in EpSCs during cutaneous wound healing. Furthermore, P311 might stimulate TGFβ1 expression by promoting TGFβ1 promoter methylation and by activating the TGFβ1 5′/3′ UTR.
Strong and weak convergence theorems for split equality generalized mixed equilibrium problem
Authors: Karahan Ibrahim 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we consider split equality generalized mixed equilibrium problem, which is more general than many problems such as split feasibility problem, split equality problem, split equilibrium problem, and so on. We propose a new modified algorithm to obtain strong and weak convergence theorems for split equality generalized mixed equilibrium problem for nonexpansive mappings in Hilbert spaces. Also, we give some applications to other problems. Our results extend some results in the literature.
Perceptions of work stress causes and effective interventions in employees working in public, private and non-governmental organisations: a qualitative study
Authors: Bhui Kamaldeep , Dinos Sokratis , Galant-Miecznikowska Magdalena , de Jongh Bertine , Stansfeld Stephen 
Published: December 2016

Aims and methodTo identify causes of stress at work as well as individual, organisational and personal interventions used by employees to manage stress in public, private and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Qualitative interviews were conducted with 51 employees from a range of organisations.ResultsParticipants reported adverse working conditions and management practices as common causes of work stress. Stress-inducing management practices included unrealistic demands, lack of support, unfair treatment, low decision latitude, lack of appreciation, effort–reward imbalance, conflicting roles, lack of transparency and poor communication. Organisational interventions were perceived as effective if they improved management styles, and included physical exercise, taking breaks and ensuring adequate time for planning work tasks. Personal interventions used outside of work were important to prevent and remedy stress.Clinical implicationsInterventions should improve management practices as well as promoting personal interventions outside of the work setting.
The outcomes of home treatment for borderline personality disorder
Authors: Turhan Sibel , Taylor Mark 
Published: December 2016

Aims and methodThere is currently no trial or other scientific evidence informing the efficacy of any crisis intervention for people with borderline personality disorder (BPD). We aimed to assess the patterns of service use by patients with BPD taken on for crisis resolution and home treatment between 2010 and 2013. Patients with a diagnosis of BPD were identified and demographic and clinical data were collected.ResultsAll patients were female, and a high proportion had recurrent presentations to crisis and home treatment services in Edinburgh. Many appeared to benefit from intensive home treatment, as measured by the Clinical Global Impression scale. A small number of patients (n = 5) were responsible for more than half of all referrals. Polypharmacy, or regular use of multiple medications, was common, with 62% of all patients receiving three or more regular medications.Clinical implicationsCrisis and home treatment services can be beneficial to most people with BPD in crisis. The high rate of polypharmacy seen in this study is of concern.
Sectioning on the street – futility or utility?
Authors: Timms Philip , Perry Jennifer 
Published: December 2016

Aims and methodA service evaluation was undertaken to examine outcomes in patients who were street homeless (‘rough sleepers’) and who were compulsorily admitted to hospital under the Mental Health Act 1983. The data were collected from the patients' case notes.ResultsAt 1-year follow-up, patients had positive outcomes in areas such as accommodation status, registration with a general practitioner and engagement with the clinical team.Clinical implicationsThe study shows that the intervention of a Mental Health Act assessment and compulsory hospital admission in homeless people on the street is associated with positive outcomes at 1 year.
Mindfulness in psychiatry – where are we now?
Authors: Groves Paramabandhu 
Published: December 2016

SummaryMindfulness is an increasingly popular therapeutic approach. Mindfulness-based interventions have been tried out in a wide range of mental disorders, with the strongest evidence for use in depression and anxiety. Mindfulness operates by changing the person's relationship with unhelpful thoughts and emotions. The need for home practice is both a strength and a weakness. Some find home practice too demanding and a barrier to effective utilisation of mindfulness. Others discover a set of practical tools that, once learnt, can be applied to ongoing life difficulties; in this way mindfulness may have a place in promoting recovery beyond the acute treatment of a disorder. Additionally, mindfulness may be beneficial for clinicians to promote well-being and enhance the therapeutic relationship.
Psychiatric reform in Greece: an overview
Authors: Giannakopoulos George , Anagnostopoulos Dimitris C. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryLeros became infamous worldwide in the 1980s because of a scandal in its mental institution, the Leros asylum. The scandal provoked universal outrage and the international pressure triggered the Greek mental health reform. Under the reform projects Leros I and Leros II (1990–1994), numerous interventions took place in the Leros asylum as part of deinstitutionalisation. Following that, the Psychargos programme advanced developments for community-based services. Deinstitutionalisation and development of community mental health services have advanced significantly since the 1980s. However, this reform is still incomplete, given that sectorisation, adequate primary care policies, inter-sectoral coordination and specialised services are under-developed. This problematic situation is further complicated by the severe impact of the current financial crisis.
Has the science of mindfulness lost its mind?
Authors: Farias Miguel , Wikholm Catherine 
Published: December 2016

SummaryThe excitement about the application of mindfulness meditation in mental health settings has led to the proliferation of a literature pervaded by a lack of conceptual and methodological self-criticism. In this article we raise two major concerns. First, we consider the range of individual differences within the experience of meditation; although some people may benefit from its practice, others will not be affected in any substantive way, and a number of individuals may suffer moderate to serious adverse effects. Second, we address the insufficient or inconclusive evidence for its benefits, particularly when mindfulness-based interventions are compared with other activities or treatments. We end with suggestions on how to improve the quality of research into mindfulness interventions and outline key issues for clinicians considering referring patients for these interventions.
Financial Consumer Protection and the Cost of Financial Intermediation: Evidence from Advanced and Developing Economies
Authors: Pasiouras Fotios 
Published: December 2016

Using a data set of approximately 3,000 commercial banks from more than 100 countries, I examine the impact of financial consumer protection policies on the cost of financial intermediation. I find evidence that the existence of internal mechanisms for handling complaints, requirements for fair treatment, supervisory power related to consumer protection, and various disclosure requirements reduce the cost of financial intermediation in advanced countries. The results are different in the case of developing countries, where I observe that most financial consumer protection policies increase the cost of intermediation, suggesting that banks pass on regulatory burdens to their customers. This paper was accepted by Amit Seru, finance.
Femoral impaction bone grafting in revision hip arthroplasty
Authors: Wilson M. J. , Hook S. , Whitehouse S. L. , Timperley A. J. , Gie G. A. 
Published: December 2016

Aims Femoral impaction bone grafting was first developed in 1987 using morselised cancellous bone graft impacted into the femoral canal in combination with a cemented, tapered, polished stem. We describe the evolution of this technique and instrumentation since that time. Patients and Methods Between 1987 and 2005, 705 revision total hip arthroplasties (56 bilateral) were performed with femoral impaction grafting using a cemented femoral stem. All surviving patients were prospectively followed for a mean of 14.7 years (9.8 to 28.3) with no loss to follow-up. By the time of the final review, 404 patients had died. Results There were 76 further revisions (10.8%) involving the stem; seven for aseptic loosening, 23 for periprosthetic fracture, 24 for infection, one for malposition, one for fracture of the stem and 19 cement-in-cement exchanges of the stem during acetabular revision. The 20-year survival rate for the entire series was 98.8% (95% confidence interval (CI) 97.8 to 99.8) with aseptic loosening as the endpoint, and 87.7% (95% CI 82.8 to 92.6) for revision for any reason. Survival improved with the evolution of the technique, although this was not statistically significant due to the overall low rate of further revision. Conclusion This is the largest series of revision total hip arthroplasties with femoral impaction grafting, and the results support the continued use of this technique. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:1611–19.
The rate of wear of second-generation highly crosslinked polyethylene liners five years post-operatively does not increase if large femoral heads are used
Authors: Callary S. A. , Field J. R. , Campbell D. G. 
Published: December 2016

Aims The increased in vivo resistance to wear of highly crosslinked polyethylene (HXLPE) in total hip arthroplasty (THA) has led to an increased use of larger articulations which have been shown to reduce the incidence of early dislocation. To date, there are few reports of the wear of larger articulations using second generation HXLPE liners. Our prospective cohort study measured the bedding-in and early wear of large (36 mm and 40 mm diameter) articulations involving a second generation X3 HXLPE liner and compared our findings with previous clinical and in vitro studies of the same material. Patients and Methods The proximal penetration of the femoral head five years post-operatively was measured for 15 patients using radiostereometric analysis (RSA). Results The median proximal bedding-in within the first post-operative year was 0.022 mm (interquartile range (IQR) -0.050 to 0.091). The median proximal rate of wear between one and five years was -0.004 mm/year (IQR -0.021 to 0.022). The rates of proximal, medial, 2D or 3D wear between one and five years post-operatively of the X3 HXLPE liner did not increase with larger articulations compared with our previous study of 32 mm articulations. Conclusion Although reassuring, the use of larger articulations requires continued monitoring to determine whether the low wear observed in the short-term continues to the mid- to long-term. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:1604–10.
Metallosis following implantation of magnetically controlled growing rods in the treatment of scoliosis
Authors: Teoh K. H. , von Ruhland C. , Evans S. L. , James S. H. , Jones A. , Howes J. , Davies P. R. , Ahuja S. 
Published: December 2016

Aims We present a case series of five patients who had revision surgery following magnetic controlled growing rods (MGCR) for early onset scoliosis. Metallosis was found during revision in four out of five patients and we postulated a mechanism for rod failure based on retrieval analysis. Patients and Methods Retrieval analysis was performed on the seven explanted rods. The mean duration of MCGR from implantation to revision was 35 months (17 to 46). The mean age at revision was 12 years (7 to 15; four boys, one girl). Results A total of six out of seven rods had tissue metallosis and pseudo-capsule surrounding the actuator. A total of four out of seven rods were pistoning. There were two rods which were broken. All rods had abrasive circumferential markings. A significant amount of metal debris was found when the actuators were carefully cut open. Analytical electron microscopy demonstrated metal fragments of predominantly titanium with a mean particle size of 3.36 microns (1.31 to 6.61). Conclusion This study highlights concerns with tissue metallosis in MCGR. We recommend careful follow-up of patients who have received this implant. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:1662–7.
The use of the distal radius and ulna classification for the prediction of growth
Authors: Cheung J. P. Y. , Cheung P. W. H. , Samartzis D. , Cheung K. M. C. , Luk K. D. K. 
Published: December 2016

Aims We report the use of the distal radius and ulna (DRU) classification for the prediction of peak growth (PG) and growth cessation (GC) in 777 patients with idiopathic scoliosis. We compare this classification with other commonly used parameters of maturity. Patients and Methods The following data were extracted from the patients’ records and radiographs: chronological age, body height (BH), arm span (AS), date of menarche, Risser sign, DRU grade and status of the phalangeal and metacarpal physes. The mean rates of growth were recorded according to each parameter of maturity. PG was defined as the summit of the curve and GC as the plateau in deceleration of growth. The rates of growth at PG and GC were used for analysis using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to determine the strength and cutoff values of the parameters of growth. Results The most specific grades for PG using the DRU classification were radial grade 6 and ulnar grade 5, and for GC were radial grade 9 and ulnar grade 7. The DRU classification spanned both PG and GC, enabling better prediction of these clinically relevant stages than other methods. The rate of PG (≥ 0.7 cm/month) and GC (≤ 0.15 cm/month) was the same for girls and boys, in BH and AS measurements. Conclusion This is the first study to note that the DRU classification can predict both PG and GC, providing evidence that it may aid the management of patients with idiopathic scoliosis. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:1689–96.