bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementasi Newton Raphson Termodifikasi pada Prediksi Distribusi Tekanan Pipa Transmisi Gas Alam
Authors: Aditsania Annisa , Kurniawan Isman 
Published: December 2016

<p>Prediksi profil distribusi tekanan disepanjang jaringan pipa transmisi merupakan salah satu prosedur penting untuk mengevaluasi performa desain jaringan pipa. Pada penelitian ini, distribusi tekanan untuk setiap segmen pipa dimodelkan menggunakan korelasi Panhandle A sebagai fungsi dari properti fluida, properti segmen pipa dan properti lingkungan jaringan pipa. Korelasi Panhandle A secara matematis dapat dipandang sebagai persamaan non-linear. Pada penelitian-penelitian terdahulu, metode Newton Raphson dipilih sebagai metode untuk mendapatkan solusi numerik, karena orde konvergensi tinggi. Sebagai upaya untuk mengoptimalkan waktu komputasi dari perhitungan distribusi jaringan, pada penelitian kali ini, metode Newton Raphson termodifikasi dipilih sebagai metode pencarian solusi numerik. Hasil simulasi menunjukan bahwa profile distribusi tekanan menggunakan metode newton Raphson termodifikasi akurat dengan error relative maksimum 0.28% untuk batas toleransi error bila dibandingkan dengan profile distribusi tekanan data lapangan </p>
Steganografi Menggunakan Blok Permutasi dan Algoritma Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)
Authors: Aydadenta Husna , M Danang Triantoro , Nasri Jondri 
Published: December 2016

<span>Pada saat ini perkembangan teknologi sudah semakin maju, banyak hal yang dipermudahkan <span>oleh teknologi, salah satu nya dalam komunikasi. Komunikasi melalui jaringan internet sudah menjadi pilihan utama karena kemudahan dan kecepatannya. Akan tetapi keamanan <span>datanya jarang diperhatikan oleh para <span><em>users</em><span>, sehingga dibutuhkan teknik keamanan data <span>yang aman untuk menjaga data ketika melakukan komunikasi. Salah satu tekniknya adalah<span> steganografi. Steganografi merupakan teknik <span>untuk menyembunyikan informasi rahasia ke dalam beberapa media file. Pada penelitian <span>ini dilakukan proses steganografi menggunakan metode blok permutasi dan algoritma optimasi PSO. <span>Pesan yang akan disisipkan didalam citra digital akan <span>dikonversi kedalam biner, selanjutnya akan dilakukan proses pra-steganografi dengan metode <span>blok permutasi, sehingga pesan informasi akan teracak oleh metode tersebut. Selanjutnya <span>algoritma PSO akan melakukan proses optimasi atau pencarian solusi terbaik untuk penyisipan pesan tiap piksel, tujuannya agar performansi citra tetap baik. Penyisipan pesan atau <span>informasi dilakukan dengan pendekatan <span><em>Least Significant Bit </em><span>(LSB). Hasil akhir yang didapat <span>menunjukan nilai performansi kualitas citra terbaik 60.4507 dB yaitu pada saat jumlah partikel <span>80 dan maksimum iterasi 50 dengan persentase error 5.86%. Sedangkan hasil performansi <span>kualitas citra dengan menggunakan teknik LSB biasa yaitu 54.9364 dB dengan persentase <span>error 21.03%. Hal ini menunjukan performansi kualitas citra dengan menggunakan metode <span>blok permutasi dan algoritma PSO lebih baik dari pada menggunakan teknik LSB biasa.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br /></span></span></span></span></span>
Water Soluble Chitosan Mediated Voriconazole Microemulsion as Sustained Carrier for Ophthalmic Application: In vitro/Ex vivo/In vivo Evaluations
Authors: Bhosale Rohit , Bhandwalkar Omkar , Duduskar Anita , Jadhav Rahul , Pawar Pravin 
Published: December 2016

Background:
Voriconazole (VCZ) is a lipophilic candidate, effective against fungal infections like ocular keratitis and endopthalmitis.

Objective:
The purpose to develop, optimize and characterize voriconazole microemulsion as sustained medication for ophthalmic application.

Methods:
The pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were developed using oleic acid, isopropyl myristate and isopropyl palmitate (oil phases), tween 80 (surfactant), propylene glycol (co-surfactant), distilled water (aqueous phase) and modified chitosan (Mod.CH) as mucoadhesive polymer. The optimum composition of oil, Smix and water was selected on the basis of phase diagrams and as mucoadhesive polymer Mod.CH was used in the formulations. All the formulations were evaluated for thermodynamic stability/dispersibility, physicochemical parameters (droplet size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, drug content, viscosity, pH and conductivity), in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo studies.

Results:
All formulations showed droplet size below 250 nm, positive zeta potential and polydispersity index below 0.5. The in vitro drug release study performed on selected formulations showed maximum sustained release than marketed formulation. The in vitro transcorneal permeation experiment of formulations suggests that optimized formulations showed better permeation. The selected formulation of voriconazole microemulsion was able to produce maximum antifungal activity against Candida albicans when compared to marketed formulation. In vivo study performed on rabbit eyes, found more drug concentration in aqueous humor of optimized formulation; the AUC0→t of IPMVM-11 was approximately 6.84-fold higher than VOZOLE and efficiently enhanced the corneal bioavailability.

Conclusion:
The modified chitosan based on voriconazole loaded microemulsion was promising novel carrier for sustained action in ophthalmic medication.
CHALLENGE-STRESS AND HINDRANCE-STRESS IN THE SOUTHEAST ASIAN HOTEL SECTOR
Authors: Abu Kamaazura Abu , Mohd Salleh Ahmad Munir , Muda Mohd Shaladdin , Ahmad Azlinzuraini , Manshor Ruzita 
Published: December 2016

The hospitality industry is an entity that is continuously determined by varying new demands and the needs of its customers. This ever-changing and complex working environment has caused and become a source of stress for the hospitality industries’ workforce. Workplace stress is increasing from year to year and has become a focus of research interest in recent years.Responding to the demands of management who require a more precise understanding of the issues of workplace stress, researchers have conducted studies on a total of 115 respondents from a 3 star-hotel and a 4 star-hotel. The personnel involved came from the food and beverage departments, room services and the front offices, whose daily routines involved direct face toface serving activities and fulfilling their customers’ demands. Using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 19.0 and AMOS version 18.0, the results of Exploratory Data Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Data Analysis (CFA) have confirmed that there are two stress factors, namely challenge stress and hindrance stress. Both of these stress factors have asignificantly negative relation to one another. Understanding these dimensions in detail can help the hospitality organizations to be well prepared for the task of motivating their employees.Keywords: challenge-stress, hindrance-stress, service, Southeast Asia, hotel
FINANCIAL DEPTH AND FINANCIAL ACCESS IN INDONESIA
Authors: Setiawan Sigit 
Published: December 2016

This study is intended to analyse the current levels of financial depth and financial access in Indonesia and to analyse the factors affecting them. The analysis method used was a combination of descriptive quantitative, benchmarking, and literature reviews. The conclusion is that the financial depth in Indonesia has not shown a satisfactory level since it was the lowest, or the second lowest ranked country among the sampled countries. Meanwhile, the financial access in Indonesia is relatively better than its financial depth, especially for financial markets, in which Indonesia ranks in the lower average group. From literature reviews, it can be inferred that the main factor driving the poor financial depth in Indonesia is non-competitiveness of the institutions; whereas the driving force of poor financial access in Indonesia are geographical constraints, poverty, a high income gap, and a less than effective national financial development policy.Keywords: financial sector, banking, capital markets, economic planningJEL Codes : E60, F36, F63, G28, O16
Penatalaksanaan Kista Dentigerus Terinfeksi dengan Fistel Ekstra Oral pada Pipi Kanan
Authors: Widhianingrum Rita Koen , Goreti Maria , Prihartiningsih Prihartiningsih 
Published: December 2016

Kista dentigerus merupakan kista yang berhubungan dengan gigi yang tidak erupsi berasal dari sisa epitelial organ pembentuk gigi. Gejala klinis menunjukkan pembengkakan yang tumbuh lambat dan tidak sakit pada rahang. Gambaran radiografis memperlihatkan area radiolusen uniokular yang mengelilingi mahkota gigi yang tidak erupsi. Proses infeksi kronis pada kista dentigerus dapat menyebar lambat membentuk abses subperiosteal dan melewati barrier kulit membentuk fistel ekstra oral. Studi kasus ini laporkan seorang wanita 56 tahun yang datang ke poli Bedah Mulut dan Maksilofasial RSUP Dr Sardjito dengan kasus kista dentigerus pada regio angulus mandibula kanan dengan fistel ekstra oral pada pipi kanan. Penatalaksanaan kasus adalah pemberian antibiotik, enukleasi kista, pengambilan gigi 45, 47 dan 48 yang impaksi sertafistulektomi dengan pendekatan ekstra oral dan sinus shoe polishing technique di bawah bius umum. Evaluasi 3 minggu pasca operasi menunjukkan penyembuhan ekstra oral dan intra oral sempurna serta tidak terbentuk jaringan parut. ABSTRACT: Management of Infected Dentigerous Cyst with Extra Oral Fistulae on Right Cheek. Dentigerous cyst is an odontogenic cyst associated with unerupted teeth from epithelial remnant teeth organ. The clinical appearance shows slow-growing painless swelling lesion in jaw. The radiografics reveals uniocular radiolucency surrounding unerupted teeth. The chronic infection proccess in dentigerous cyst could spread slowly forming subperiosteal abcess and, through cutaneous barrier, it forms extra oral fistulae. We reported a 56 year old woman who came to RSUP Dr Sardjito with dentigerous cyst in mandible angulus with extra oral fistulae in the right cheek. The treatment consisted of antibiotic medication; cyst enucleation; removal of unerupted third molar, second premolar, second molar; and fistulectomy with extra oral approach and sinus shoe polishing technique under general anesthetic. Three week evaluation post surgery shows succesful extra oral and intra oral healing without scarring.
Penatalaksanaan Impaksi Kaninus Kiri Atas dengan Posisi Horisontal pada Anak
Authors: Iswanto Heri , Titien S Indah , Rahardjo Rahardjo 
Published: December 2016

Impaksi kaninus memiliki prevalensi tinggi setelah impaksi molar ketiga. Impaksi kaninus atas terjadi 2 kali lebih banyak pada anak perempuan daripada laki-laki. Inklinasi letak gigi terhadap garis median wajah lebih dari 450 memiliki prognosis jelek untuk erupsi. Tujuan laporan kasus ini adalah memberikan informasi penatalaksanaan impaksi kaninus kiri atas pada anak dengan pembedahan. Kasus ini dilaporkan pada anak perempuan usia 12,5 tahun yang datang di klinik Kedokteran Gigi Anak RSGM Prof Soedomo dengan keluhan utama seringkali sakit kepala sisi kiri serta gigi 23 belum erupsi. Berdasarkan anamnesis, pemeriksaan klinis dan radiologis tampak gigi 23 posisinya horisontal, perlu dilakukan odontectomy dengan metode in toto. Gigi 63 dipertahankan karena tidak ada luksasi. Traksi secara ortodontik pada pasien ini tidak dilakukan karena letak gigi 23 dalam dan posisinya horisontal. Kesimpulan laporan kasus ini adalah impaksi gigi 23 dengan posisi horizontal kemungkinan dapat menimbulkan sakit kepala. Odontectomy gigi 23 berhasil dengan baik melalui pembuatan flap envelope dan penjahitan interrupted. Kontrol pada hari ke-7 dan setelah 1 bulan, pasien tidak mengeluhkan sakit kepala sisi kiri. ABSTRACT: Management of Horizontally Impacted Maxillary Left Canines in Children. Impacted canines have a high prevalence after impacted third molar. Impacted maxillary canines occur twice more often in female children than male ones. The location of the tooth inclination towards the midline of the face which is more than 450 has a poor prognosis for eruption. The purpose of this case report is to provide information of surgical management of impacted maxillary left canines in children with local anesthetic. This case was reported in 12.5 year old girl who came to the Pediatric Dentistry Clinic of the Dental Hospital of Prof Soedomo with the chief complaint of left-sided headache as well as unerupted tooth 23. Based on the history, clinical and radiologic examination, it appeared that tooth 23 was in horizontal position, and it needed to be treated with odontectomy with in toto method. In the checkup on the 7th day, an ulcer on injury appeared. Tooth 63 was maintained because there was no shakiness (only one third root resorbtion). Orthodontic traction in this patient was not performed because the location of tooth 23 was deep and the position was horizontal. The conclusion of this case report is that horizontally impacted 23 can possibly cause headache. Tooth 23 odontectomy was done successfully through envelope flap creation and ended with interrupted suture. On the checkup on the 7th day and after the 1st month, the patient did not complain of headache anymore.
Perawatan Kamuflase Maloklusi Klas III Dentoskeletal menggunakan Teknik Begg pada Pasien Dewasa
Authors: Agustina Dwi , Hardjono Soekarsono , Suparwitri Sri 
Published: December 2016

Maloklusi kelas III dapat didefinisikan sebagai kelainan wajah skeletal dengan karakteristik posisi mandibula lebih maju terhadap dasar cranium dan atau terhadap maksila. Ada tiga pilihan perawatan untuk maloklusi kelas III dentoskeletal yaitu; modifikasi pertumbuhan, kamuflase dan bedah orthognatik. Artikel ini mempresentasikan kasus seorang pasien dewasa dengan maloklusi kelas III dentoskeletal yang dirawat dengan ortodontik kamuflase menggunakan teknik Begg. Seorang pasien laki-laki, berusia 16 tahun, didiagnosa maloklusi kelas III Angle dengan hubungan skeletal kelas III dan gigi depan maksila dan mandibula berjejal. Perawatan menggunakan alat cekat teknik Begg dengan pencabutan premolar kedua maksila dan premolar pertama mandibula serta elastis intermaxillar kelas III. Kesimpulan hasil perawatan selama 10 bulan menunjukkan bahwa kamuflase ortodontik dapat dianggap sebagai terapi yang efektif untuk koreksi maloklusi kelas III dentoskeletal. ABSTRACT: A Camouflage Treatment Of Dentoskeletal Class III Malocclusion In Adult Using Begg Technique B. Class III malocclusion can be defined as a skeletal facial deformity characterized by a forward mandibular position with respect to the cranial base and or the maxilla. There are three main treatment options for dentoskeletal class III malocclusion: growth modification, orthodontic camouflage and orthognatic surgery. The article presented a case of an adult patient with dentoskeletal class III malocclusion treated with orthodontic camouflage treatment with Begg technique. A male patient, 16 years old, diagnosis malocclusion Angle class III, skeletal class III with crowding anterior teeth maxilla and mandibular. Using the fixed appliance, Begg technique, with the extraction of second premolars maxilla and first premolars mandibular. The appliance is completed with intermaxillary class III elastics. The results for 10 months of this treatment indicated that orthodontic camouflage can be considered an effective therapy for corection of dentoskeletal class III malocclusion.
Patterns and Predictors of Screening for Breast and Cervical Cancer in Women with CKD
Authors: Wong Germaine , Hayward Jade S. , McArthur Eric , Craig Jonathan C. , Nash Danielle M. , Dixon Stephanie N. , Zimmerman Deborah , Kitchlu Abhijat , Garg Amit X. 
Published: December 2016

Background and objectives
Breast and cervical cancers are prevalent in women with CKD, but it is uncertain how often screening for these cancers should be undertaken given concerns that the benefits of screening may be fewer and the harms greater in women with CKD than in the general population. We examined patterns of breast and cervical cancer screening in women on the basis of CKD stage and age and assessed predictors of screening.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
We conducted two population–based cohort studies (breast and cervical cancer screening) from 2002 to 2013 using linked administrative health care data from Ontario, Canada. A total of 141,326 and 324,548 women were included in the breast and cervical cancer screening cohorts, respectively.

Results
The 2-year cumulative incidences were 61% among women without CKD, 54% for those with CKD stages 3a and 3b, 37% for those with CKD stages 4 and 5, and 26% for women on dialysis. Similar patterns were observed for the 3-year cumulative incidences of cervical cancer screening. The associations of breast and cervical cancer screening with CKD were modified by age and CKD stage, where lower incidence of screening in women with advanced CKD compared with no CKD was most pronounced in older age groups (P<0.001). Older age, higher comorbidity burden, and lower-income groups were associated with a lower rate of screening.

Conclusions
Most women with advanced CKD do not receive breast or cervical cancer screening. A better understanding of patient and health professional preferences toward cancer screening in CKD is needed along with the outcomes of such screening.
Step towards Formulating a Maximum Surgical Blood Ordering Schedule in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Authors: Aryal Shreyashi , Shrestha Deepak , Bharadwaj Brijbala , Kaur Narinder 
Published: December 2016

Introduction: Blood transfusion is an essential part of perioperative care in surgeries in obstetrics and gynecology. A tendency of over ordering of blood imposes additional workload to the blood bank and extra cost to the laboratory and patients. Maximum surgical blood ordering schedule (MSBOS) is a guide which helps in the decision of ordering and transfusing blood which reduces blood wastage. This study was done with the aim of evaluating the blood ordering and utilization patterns in obstetric and gynecologic surgeries and formulation of MSBOS for these procedures for the institute.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional, hospital based study conducted for the duration of three months. All patients undergoing major and minor surgeries at the department were included. Crossmatch to transfusion ratio (C/T), transfusion probability (%T), transfusion index (TI) and MSBOS were calculated for each procedure.

Results: Total 309 surgeries were performed in the department during the study period of three months. Most common surgery was emergency cesarean section (n=164, 53.1%) followed by abdominal hysterectomy (n=43, 13.9%). Utilization of crossmatched blood was 22.51%. Overall transfusion rate for all surgeries was 3.88%. Overall C/T ratio, %T, and TI were 4.44, 9.83 and 0.27 respectively which elicited indiscriminate ordering of blood.

Conclusion: Over ordering and under utilization of blood were seen in this audit. Blood ordering patterns need to change in order to minimize over ordering of blood which may prevent abuse of the system. MSBOS maybe an useful tool in this institute as it allows optimum blood usage for surgeries.
A Segmental Fracture of Humerus with Ipsilateral Forearm Fracture
Authors: Joshi Ruban Raj 
Published: December 2016

Introduction: Simultaneous segmental humerus fracture with ipsilateral forearm is an uncommon injury and scarcely mentioned in the literature.

Case report: We present a case report on such a complex injury in a 9-year old child after falling down from the first floor of his house while playing. The injury pattern consist of ipsilateral supracondylar fracture humerus with distal humerus and ipsilateral distal forearm fracture. Open reduction and pinning of the both injuries was obtained.

Conclusion: Ipsilateral multiple fractures in children often result from high energy trauma and are associated with complications. Immediate reduction and fixation is required. If satisfactory reduction cannot be achieved by closed technique, open reduction should be considered to avert additional soft tissue injury and forthcoming complications.
Clinico-radiological Profile of Stroke in Western Nepal
Authors: Acharya Sumnima , Tiwari Awadesh , Shakya Raju Prasad 
Published: December 2016

Introduction: Stroke is a major public health burden worldwide and is responsible for a large proportion of disability. It ranks third in the causation of morbidity and mortality. This study was carried out to establish the pattern of various types of cerebrovascular accident (CVA) in western Nepal, to correlate the clinical data and radiological findings in cases of stroke, and to identify the common risk factors associated with stroke.

Methods: A total of 200 patients presented at the department of Radiodiagnosis from emergency or ward within six months of study period from 18th of September 2015 to 17th of March 2016 with clinical diagnosis of stroke. Brain CT scan was done within 14 days of onset.

Results: There were 200 patients with stroke (124 males and 76 females), aged 19 to 92 years in which infarction was more common than hemorrhage (57% Vs 41.5%) clinically. Hypertension was the commonest risk factor noted in 59% cases followed by Diabetes Mellitus in 39%. Middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory infarction was the most common site of infarction. Clinical and CT localization of hemorrhage and infarct was correct in 153 cases (75%) which was statistically significant.

Conclusion: Infarction is more common than hemorrhage as the type of stroke. Hypertension is the commonest risk factor followed by diabetes mellitus.
Histopathological Study of Endometrial Biopsy Specimens for Abnormal Uterine Bleeding
Authors: Tiwari Archana , Kaur Narinder , Jain Sushila , Rai Ramji , Jain Surendra Kumar 
Published: December 2016

Introduction: Endometrial specimen for abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is the one of the commonest specimens received in histopathology laboratory. Histopathological characteristics of endometrial tissues, as assessed by light microscopy, remains the diagnostic standard for the management of AUB. The objective of study is to find out the histopathological pattern of endometrium in AUB in the light of clinical details.

Methods: This was a prospective observational study carried out in the department of Pathology, Lumbini Medical College Teaching Hospital for a period of two years from June 2014 to May 2016. Formalin fixed endometrial specimens were processed, paraffin embedded, sectioned at 3-4 µm, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and studied under light microscopy along with their demographics. Data were collected, entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20.

Results: The study included 100 cases of endometrial biopsy specimens with clinical diagnosis of AUB. Menstrual disturbances was found in wide age range between 17-75 years with the mean age of 45 (SD=13.36) years. Menorrhagia was the commonest (n=60, 60%) clinical presentation. Most (n=85; 85 %) endometrium had non-neoplastic lesions. Among them, normal endometrial patterns were commonest (n=50, 50 %). Neoplastic lesions (n=15, 15%) were distributed in all menstruation status with majority in postmenopause (n=7, 7%) and included malignant cases (n=5, 5%) among others.

Conclusion: Post-menopausal bleeding was common presentation among women with malignant and premalignant disease which was present in 15% of the cases together. Timely evaluation of AUB by histopathology can be life saving with early tissue diagnosis and management.