bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novartis Products Evaluation, 1997
Authors: Hogmire Henry W. , Winfield Tim 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This experiment was conducted in a 2.4-acre block of 3-yr-old trees on EMLA, 26 rootstock (‘Rome’ and ‘Golden Delicious’) and Mark rootstock (‘York’). Trees measured 8 ft in height and 6.5 ft in width and were planted at a spacing of 12X18 ft. The experimental design consisted of a single plot of 12 rows (4 of each variety) X 10 trees/row for each of three spray treatments and an untreated plot. Insecticides were applied as complete sprays to both sides of the trees with a FMC Economist airblast sprayer, which traveled at 2.2 mph and delivered a spray volume of 200 gpa for the delayed dormant (½-inch green) application and 75 gpa for all other applications. Dates of application were 3 Apr [delayed dormant (DD)], 11 Apr [pink (P)], 16 May [petal fall (PF)], 28 May [first cover (IC)], 12 Jun [second cover (2C)], 24 Jun [third cover (3C)], 10 Jul [fourth cover (4C)], 25 Jul [fifth cover (5C)], 11 Aug [sixth cover (6C)], and 25 Aug [seventh cover (7C)]. Other materials applied in combination were Captan (treatments 1-3), Dithane (treatments 1-3), Nova (treatment 3), Vangard (treatments 1 and 2), and Ziram (treatments 1-3). Treatment effect was determined by counting arthropod pests and injury on 4 single-tree replications of ‘Rome’ and ‘York’ periodically during the season. Control of WALH was determined by counting nymphs on the underside of 25 leaves per tree. Control of SA was evaluated by counting aphids on the most infested leaf on each of 5 terminals per tree. Effect of treatments against ERM was determined by sampling 25 leaves per tree (York only), removing mites with a mite-brushing machine, and counting motile stages with a binocular microscope. Control of STLM was determined by counting all tissue-feeder mines during a 5-min period per tree. Control of fruit-feeding insects was determined by scoring for injury 100 picked apples per replication of ‘Golden Delicious’ on 17 Sep, and ‘Rome’ and ‘York’ on 25 Sep. ‘Golden Delicious’ fruit were also rated for russeting as 0 (no russet), 1 (raised lenticels), 2 (1-10% russeted surface), 3 (11-25% russeted surface), 4 (26-50% russeted surface), or (5&gt;50% russeted surface).
Evaluation of Insecticides Against Lepidopterous Pests During Bloom on Blueberries, 1997
Authors: Polavarapu S. , Peng H. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This study was conducted in a ‘Bluecrop’ blueberry field near Whitesbog, NJ. Blueberry bushes were approximately 5 ft tall and spaced 9 X 4 ft apart. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design, replicated 4 times with each replication consisting of 6 bushes in 2 rows. Two unsprayed rows between blocks and 8 unsprayed bushes between treatments within a block served as buffers. Insecticides were applied with a CO2 pressurized Model T backpack sprayer (R & D sprayers) equipped with a Tee Jet hollowcone (4 VS) nozzle calibrated to deliver 30 gal/acre at 40 PSI. Insecticides were applied twice on 8 May and 18 May approximately at 30 and 65% bloom, respectively. Latron B-1956 at 0.12% vol/vol was included in Confirm and emamectin benzoate treatments as an adjuvant. In all other treatments Nu-Film 17 at 4 oz/acre was included. GM eggmasses were obtained from USD A-APHIS facility at Otis Air Base in Cape Cod, MA, to augment larval populations in the field plots. Eggmasses were stapled to the bush on 28 April at the rate of one eggmass per bush. Eggmasses began hatching on 30 April and larvae were well distributed on the bushes within a week after hatching. Larval populations were assessed by sampling 25 clusters from each of 4 randomly selected bushes/replicate for a total of 100 leaf and flower clusters/replicate on 7 May (pre-treatment count), and 16 May and 28 May (post-treatment counts). Leaf and clusters were randomly selected from the top, middle, and bottom thirds of each bush.
Chemical Evaluations for Control of Grape Berry Moth on Grapes, 1997
Authors: Williams R. N. , Ellis M. A. , Fickle D. S. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Treatments were evaluated for efficacy against the grape berry moth in an experimental ‘Clinton’ vineyard at Wooster, Ohio. Plots consisted of 3 grape vines, with 4 replications per treatment ia a randomized block design. Treatments were applied as foliar sprays at a rate of 100 gpa (935 liter/ha) on 16 Jul and 6 Aug. A hand-held CO2 sprayer operating at 45 psi (3.2 kg/cm2) and equipped with a 9505-E-TeeJet nozzle was used to apply treatments. The surfactant Latron CS-7 was added only to Con-firm at the rate of 1 pt. per acre. No phytotoxicity was observed in these studies. On 24 Sep, 20 grape clusters from each replicate were randomly examined to determine the number of clusters infested by grape berry moth.
Mcdaniel Spider Mite Control on Red Raspberry, 1997
Authors: Tanigoshi L. K. , Chamberlain J. D. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Treatments were replicated four times in a 10-year-old ‘Meeker’ red raspberry field in Vancouver, WA. Plots measuring 1 row wide and 30 ft long were arranged in a RCB design. Full coverage sprays were applied on 2 Jun with a tractor-mounted 6-tank plot sprayer with an over-the row-boom using 14 D3-45 TeeJet nozzles per row at 200 psi, 2 mph to deliver 130 gal/acre. The nozzles were spaced 10 inches apart and began 12 inches above the soil line. Sampling consisted of randomly removing 10 terminal mature leaflets , from each side of each plot between 3-5 ft high at 3, 7, 14, and 28 DAT. MSM female counts were made by brushing them onto glass plates with a mite-brushing machine.
Citrus Cutworm Insecticide Efficacy Trials, 1997
Authors: Grafton-Cardwell E. E. , Reagan C. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Two insecticide efficacy trials for the control of citrus cutworm were conducted in 1997. In the first experiment, three formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis were tested and compared with a water (check) spray in a commercial block of 32-year-old ‘Washington’ navel orange trees of Exeter Farms, Exeter, California. Applications of MYX 300, MYX 324, and CRYMAX WDG were made on 8 Apr using a Bean hand-sprayer at approximately 300 gpa, 300 psi. In the second experiment, two rates of RH-5992 70 WP and one rate of RH-2485 80WP, each combined with the surfactant Latron CS-7, and a treatment of Spinosad 2SC were compared to a water control spray in a block of 14-yr-old ‘Washington’ navel oranges at the Lindcove Research and Extension Center, Exeter, California. The applications were made on 11 Apr using the same equipment, rate, and pressure as the Exeter Farms test. In both experiments, eight replicated single-tree treatments were used and treatments were assigned on the basis on pre-treatment sampling of larvae. Larvae were collected by placing a canvas beating sheet (112 cm X 75 cm) beneath the outside foliage of the tree and vigorously shaking the foliage 10 times. Citrus cutworm larvae falling on the canvas were counted and recorded, then returned to the foliage. Pre-treatment larval counts involved sampling the Northeast and Southwest corners of the trees at Exeter Farms on 7 Apr and at Lind-cove on 4 Apr. All four tree quadrants were sampled for post-treatment larval counts on 15 Apr and 22 Apr at Exeter Farms; and on 18 Apr and 25 Apr at Lindcove.
Evaluation of Three Insecticides for Control of Pecan Nut Casebearer, 1996
Authors: Hall Michael , Shelton Richard 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Trials for evaluating the efficacy of insecticides for control of 1st- and 2nd-generation pecan nut casebearer were conducted at a pecan orchard located near Cloutierville, LA. Treatments were applied to 45-year-old pecan trees of mixed cultivars. Confirm 2°F (0.18, 0.25 lb (AI)/acre) and Imidan 70 WSB (1.4 lb (AI)/acre) were evaluated for control of 1 st-generation casebearer. For control of 2nd-generation casebearer (Confirm 2°F (0.25 lb [AI]/acre) was compared with Imidan 70 WSB (1.4 lb (AI)/acre). Plots were laid out in a RCB design with each treatment replicated 4 times (1 tree/replication). Pre-treatment evaluation for the 1 st-generation trial was conducted on 13 May by inspecting 15 tagged nut clusters on each of 4 trees for signs of egg laying (n = 60 nut clusters/treatment)). Pre-treatment evaluation for the 2nd-generation trial was conducted on 2 Jul by inspecting 25 tagged nut clusters on each of 4 trees for signs of egg laying (n = 100 nut clusters/treatment). Treatment applications were made on 16 May (1st generation) and on 3 Jul (2nd generation) using a Meyers, engine-driven air-blast sprayer, calibrated to deliver 167 gpa. Post-treatment evaluations for each trial were conducted by reinspecting the tagged nut clusters for signs of nut entry.
Evaluation of a Selective Insecticide for Control of Melon Aphid on Cantaloupe, 1997
Authors: Webb Susan E. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Two rates of CGA-215944 50 WP, one tested with as well as without the addition of a wetting agent, Kinetic (0.094%, vol:vol), were evaluated for effectiveness and residual activity and compared with a standard, broad-spectrum insecticide, Thiodan 3 EC. Cantaloupe was direct seeded on 2 Apr at the Central Florida Research and Education Center, Leesburg, FL. Each plot consisted of four 35-ft rows, 6 ft apart with plants spaced 2.5 ft apart. Treatments were replicated four times in a RCB design. On 25 Apr, all plants in all plots were infested with melon aphids that had been reared on squash under row covers to prevent predation and parasitism. All chemicals were applied with a 2-row tractor-mounted boom sprayer with 18 Albuz (lilac) ceramic hollow-cone nozzles, spaced 8 inches apart, delivering 133 gpa at 200 psi. Aphids were counted on 20 leaves of similar size per plot each week for 7 wk beginning on 13 May and ending on 24 Jun. Leaves were collected at least 5 DAT. Treatments were applied only when the grand mean of a treatment (the mean of the four replicate means) was equal to or greater than a treatment threshold of 5 aphids per leaf. Thus, all treatments were applied on 7 May, but on 21 May, only the higher rate of CGA-215944 was applied; on 28 May, only the lower rate without Kinetic; on 4 Jun, only the lower rate with Kinetic; and 18 Jun, only the higher rate. A square root transformation was used to stabilize the variance of counts for analysis. A two-way ANOVA and a mean separation test (Waller-Duncan k-ratio test) were used to determine significant differences among treatments.
Control of Fall Armyworm on Sweet Corn, Spring 1996A
Authors: Seal Dakshina R. , McCord Elzie 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
‘Silver Queen’ corn was seeded in Rockdale soil on 10 Feb 1996. A randomized complete block design was employed to provide 4 replicates each for 4 treatments comprising a plot size of 4 rows, 30 feet long. Insecticide applications were initiated when 2-5% of the plants were infested with FAW. Whorl treatments were continued at approximately 7 d intervals beginning 30 Mar. Whorl applications were made with a shaker jar, 10 cm above the whorl. This jar was fitted with a screen mesh lid appropriate for granular flow. No phytotoxicity was observed with either product. Evaluations were conducted 24 hours after each treatment by extracting 5 plants from plot centers, storing in polyethylene bags and transporting to the laboratory. Each plant was dissected, larvae extracted and counted. FAW populations were not significantly reduced by any treatment as compared with untreated check plots.
Abuse-deterrent Opioid Formulations
Authors: Litman Ronald S. , Pagán Olivia H. , Cicero Theodore J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Abuse-deterrent opioid formulations have been suggested as one way to decrease the abuse, addiction, and overdose of orally prescribed opioids. Ten oral opioid formulations have received abuse-deterrent labeling by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Their properties consist of physical and/or chemical means by which the pills resist manipulation and create a barrier to unintended administration, such as chewing, nasal snorting, smoking, and intravenous injection. In this review, we describe the mechanisms of abuse-deterrent technology, the types of premarketing studies required for FDA approval, the pharmacology of the currently approved abuse-deterrent opioid formulations, and the evidence for and against their influence on opioid abuse. We conclude that there is currently insufficient evidence to indicate that the availability of abuse-deterrent opioid formulations has altered the trajectory of opioid overdose and addiction; however, postmarketing studies are in their infancy, and novel deterrent formulations are continually being developed and submitted for marketing approval.
Accommodation in Early Presbyopes Fit with Bilateral or Unilateral Near Add
Authors: Almutairi Meznah S. , Altoaimi Basal H. , Bradley Arthur 
Published: December 2017

SIGNIFICANCE
When fit with monovision, most early presbyopes (aged 40 to 50 years) accommodated to near objects by focusing the distance corrected eye, leaving the near corrected eye myopically defocused with reduced image quality. A few were able to switch focus to the near corrected eye retaining a consistently focused image in one eye over a wider range of distances.

PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to examine accommodation behavior, pupil responses, and resultant image quality of early presbyopes fit with either bilateral or unilateral (monovision) near adds.

METHODS
Accommodative response and pupil size of 19 subjects (27 to 60 years), including 13 early presbyopes (40 to 50 years), were measured using an aberrometer as a binocularly viewed 20/40 letter E was moved from 2 m to 20 cm. Each subject was fit with different refractive strategies: bilateral distance correction, bilateral +2 diopters (D) near add, and unilateral +2 D near add placed over the measured right eye or unmeasured left eye. Monochromatic image quality was quantified using the Visual Strehl ratio metric.

RESULTS
With bilateral +2 D near add, all early presbyopes mostly refrained from accommodating (gain = 0.22 D/D) until the target approached closer than the 50-cm far point, and they then accommodated accurately until their maximum accommodative amplitude was reached. With monovision, most (10 of 13 early presbyopes) accommodated to focus the distance corrected eye, leaving the near corrected eye myopically defocused with reduced image quality. As stimulus distance became closer than their distance corrected eye's near point, they continued to exert maximum accommodation. Only two early presbyopes relaxed their accommodation to “switch” focus to the near corrected eye as target distance was reduced, and these two did not experience bilateral drop in image quality as stimulus distance became closer than the near point of the distance corrected eye.

CONCLUSIONS
Our data suggest that many early presbyopes will not initially adopt an accommodation strategy that optimizes image quality with monovision, but consistently accommodate to focus the distance corrected eye.
Facilitators and Barriers to Performing Activities and Participation in Children With Cerebral Palsy: Caregivers' Perspective
Authors: Earde Pinailug Tantilipikorn , Praipruk Aina , Rodpradit Phanlerd , Seanjumla Parichad 
Published: December 2017

Purpose:
To investigate contextual factors that were facilitators and barriers to performing activity and participation for children with cerebral palsy from the caregivers' perspective.

Methods:
Qualitative in-depth interview with primary caregivers of children with cerebral palsy aged 4 to 12 years was conducted in the metropolitan area of Thailand. Semistructured questions related to environmental and personal factors were recorded. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed for main themes on the basis of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health—Children and Youth Version (ICF-CY) classification.

Results:
Twenty-seven caregivers participated. Facilitators were appropriateness of assistive devices, support and acceptance from family, friends, and society, health services, willingness, and self-acceptance. Barriers were inappropriate design and facilities, overprotection of family, nonacceptance from family, friends, and society, inconvenient transportation, financial problems, limited health services, limited access to education, frustration, and being an introvert.

Conclusions:
Contextual factors that can be facilitators and barriers to perform activities and participation should be considered for improving lives of children with cerebral palsy.
Modified Ride-On Car Use by Young Children With Disabilities
Authors: Logan Samuel W. , Hospodar Christina M. , Feldner Heather A. , Huang Hsiang-Han , Galloway James C. 
Published: December 2017

Purpose:
The purpose of this single-subject case series study is to determine the effect of modified ride-on car use in natural environments on mobility.

Method:
Three children younger than 2 years diagnosed with various disabilities participated in this 24-week study using a modified ride-on car in their home and community.

Results:
All 3 children demonstrated an ability to independently use the modified ride-on car and enjoyed doing so. Two of the 3 children demonstrated clinically significant gains in mobility skills as measured by the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory.

Conclusions:
Modified ride-on car use is an emerging powered mobility device option for children younger than 2 years. Further research is needed to demonstrate the potential long-term gains of early powered mobility access to young children with disabilities.
Post-Cerebrovascular Accident Unpredictable Incontinence: A Qualitative Analysis of an Interdisciplinary Rehabilitation Team’s Perspective
Authors: Kohler Myrta , Mayer Hanna , Kesselring Juerg , Saxer Susi 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Purpose
This study investigates experiences of the interdisciplinary rehabilitation team in the treatment of patients with urinary incontinence after stroke.

Design
A qualitative approach was chosen. Ten members of an interdisciplinary treatment team were interviewed in a neurological inpatient rehabilitation setting.

Methods
Data were obtained via focus groups with nurses, physicians, physiotherapists, and occupational therapists in a rehabilitation clinic. The analysis followed the principles of qualitative content analysis.

Findings
According to the interdisciplinary treatment team, professionals and patients prioritize incontinence treatment differently. Challenges surrounding collaboration, communication, structural conditions, and the perception of intervention success were identified as barriers to promoting continence.

Conclusion
To overcome this discrepancy in treatment priority, awareness of poststroke urinary incontinence must be improved.

Clinical Relevance
A key component is communication about urinary incontinence with patients and among team members.
Illness Perceptions and Return to Work in Patients With Moderate to Severe Injuries
Authors: Lee Bih-O , Fan Jun-Yu , Chan Pi-Tuan , Hung Chang-Chiao 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Aim
Research indicates that injured patients’ illness perceptions constitute a strong influence on their return to work (RTW). This study examined the relationships between illness perceptions and RTW in injured patients.

Design
A prospective cohort design was employed.

Methods
One hundred fifty-six patients were recruited from three hospitals, and 132 completed follow-up data at 3 months after injury. Three-month illness perceptions were measured using the Chinese Illness Perception Questionnaire Revised-Trauma. Return to work was defined as being able to return to a paying job covered by national work insurance.

Results
Non-RTW in injured patients tended to occur among patients who were older, less educated, more severely injured, and more likely to be admitted to intensive care units than patients who did RTW. Return to work patients also had more positive illness perceptions than non-RTW patients. Illness perceptions were associated with non-RTW, but the most important determinants of non-RTW were serious injury and older age.

Conclusions
This study provides evidence to indicate that illness perceptions, personal data, and illness characteristics are associated with injured patients’ RTW or non-RTW. The role of rehabilitation nurses may be extended accordingly based on findings from this study.

Implications for Practice
Case management with an interprofessional team may have positive impacts on RTW in injured patients. Rehabilitation nurses should identify patients’ expectations of RTW and should work with an interdisciplinary team to develop interventions to reshape the patients' perceptions of returning to work, facilitating their transition back to work, if possible.
Impacts of an Exercise Program and Motivational Telephone Counseling on Health-Related Quality of Life in People With Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Lee JuHee , Choi MoonKi , Yoo Yonju , Ahn Sangwoo , Jeon Justin Y. , Kim Ji Young , Byun Ji Yong 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to test the effects of group exercise and telephone counseling on physical and psychosocial health in people with Parkinson’s disease (PD).

Design
This was a quasiexperimental study with a nonequivalent control group.

Methods
This study took place in Seoul, South Korea. Twenty-two and 20 subjects participated in the intervention and comparison groups, respectively. The intervention group performed group exercises twice a week and received motivational telephone counseling every 2 weeks for 12 weeks.

Findings
Significant effects of the intervention were found in overall health-related quality of life (HRQOL; p = .012) and in the following HRQOL dimensions: stigma (p = .026), social function (p = .003), cognition (p = .028), and communication (p = .014). No other variables such as activities of daily living, functional fitness, and depression exhibited statistically significant effects.

Conclusion/Clinical Relevance
These results indicate that group exercise with telephone counseling positively affects some aspects of HRQOL in PD patients.
The Perceptions and Rehabilitation Experience of Older People After Falling in the Hospital
Authors: Turner Nicholas , Jones Diana , Dawson Pamela , Tait Barbara 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Purpose
Falls are a major cause of disability and mortality due to injury. To reduce fall rates and improve health outcomes, it is important to design services based on patient experience and engagement. This study aimed to explore the experiences of older patients who fell during their hospital stay.

Design
Five patients from two rehabilitation wards in the United Kingdom participated in this qualitative study.

Methods
Semistructured interviews, incident reports, and medical records provided information about each fall. Thematic, discourse, and descriptive analysis were used to analyze data.

Findings
The data demonstrated how a fall impacted patients’ experience of rehabilitation and resulted in changes to mobility, self-confidence, management of falls risk, avoidance of daily activities, and increased assistance from others.

Conclusions
Falling in hospital can influence patients’ ability to reach their potential of an optimal level of functioning.

Clinical Relevance
There is a need to place an equal and mutual understanding on the physical, psychological, and social impact of falling to reduce falls and improve functional outcomes.