bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly-efficient quantum memory for polarization qubits in a spatially-multiplexed cold atomic ensemble
Authors: Vernaz-Gris Pierre , Huang Kun , Cao Mingtao , Sheremet Alexandra S. , Laurat Julien 
Published: January 2018

AbstractQuantum memory for flying optical qubits is a key enabler for a wide range of applications in quantum information. A critical figure of merit is the overall storage and retrieval efficiency. So far, despite the recent achievements of efficient memories for light pulses, the storage of qubits has suffered from limited efficiency. Here we report on a quantum memory for polarization qubits that combines an average conditional fidelity above 99% and efficiency around 68%, thereby demonstrating a reversible qubit mapping where more information is retrieved than lost. The qubits are encoded with weak coherent states at the single-photon level and the memory is based on electromagnetically-induced transparency in an elongated laser-cooled ensemble of cesium atoms, spatially multiplexed for dual-rail storage. This implementation preserves high optical depth on both rails, without compromise between multiplexing and storage efficiency. Our work provides an efficient node for future tests of quantum network functionalities and advanced photonic circuits.
High-resolution spatiotemporal transcriptome mapping of tomato fruit development and ripening
Authors: Shinozaki Yoshihito , Nicolas Philippe , Fernandez-Pozo Noe , Ma Qiyue , Evanich Daniel J. , Shi Yanna , Xu Yimin , Zheng Yi , Snyder Stephen I. , Martin Laetitia B. B. , Ruiz-May Eliel , Thannhauser Theodore W. , Chen Kunsong , Domozych David S. , Catalá Carmen , Fei Zhangjun , Mueller Lukas A. , Giovannoni James J. , Rose Jocelyn K. C. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractTomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is an established model for studying fruit biology; however, most studies of tomato fruit growth and ripening are based on homogenized pericarp, and do not consider the internal tissues, or the expression signatures of individual cell and tissue types. We present a spatiotemporally resolved transcriptome analysis of tomato fruit ontogeny, using laser microdissection (LM) or hand dissection coupled with RNA-Seq analysis. Regulatory and structural gene networks, including families of transcription factors and hormone synthesis and signaling pathways, are defined across tissue and developmental spectra. The ripening program is revealed as comprising gradients of gene expression, initiating in internal tissues then radiating outward, and basipetally along a latitudinal axis. We also identify spatial variations in the patterns of epigenetic control superimposed on ripening gradients. Functional studies elucidate previously masked regulatory phenomena and relationships, including those associated with fruit quality traits, such as texture, color, aroma, and metabolite profiles.
Nanotwinned and hierarchical nanotwinned metals: a review of experimental, computational and theoretical efforts
Authors: Sun Ligang , He Xiaoqiao , Lu Jian 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe recent studies on nanotwinned (NT) and hierarchical nanotwinned (HNT) face-centered cubic (FCC) metals are presented in this review. The HNT structures have been supposed as a kind of novel structure to bring about higher strength/ductility than NT counterparts in crystalline materials. We primarily focus on the recent developments of the experimental, atomistic and theoretical studies on the NT and HNT structures in the metallic materials. Some advanced bottom-up and top-down techniques for the fabrication of NT and HNT structures are introduced. The deformation induced HNT structures are available by virtue of severe plastic deformation (SPD) based techniques while the synthesis of growth HNT structures is so far almost unavailable. In addition, some representative molecular dynamics (MD) studies on the NT and HNT FCC metals unveil that the nanoscale effects such as twin spacing, grain size and plastic anisotropy greatly alter the performance of NT and HNT metals. The HNT structures may initiate unique phenomena in comparison with the NT ones. Furthermore, based on the phenomena and mechanisms revealed by experimental and MD simulation observations, a series of theoretical models have been proposed. They are effective to describe the mechanical behaviors of NT and HNT metals within the applicable scope. So far the development of manufacturing technologies of HNT structures, as well as the studies on the effects of HNT structures on the properties of metals are still in its infancy. Further exploration is required to promote the design of advanced materials.
Development of novel fluorescent histamine H1-receptor antagonists to study ligand-binding kinetics in living cells
Authors: Stoddart Leigh A. , Vernall Andrea J. , Bouzo-Lorenzo Monica , Bosma Reggie , Kooistra Albert J. , de Graaf Chris , Vischer Henry F. , Leurs Rob , Briddon Stephen J. , Kellam Barrie , Hill Stephen J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe histamine H1-receptor (H1R) is an important mediator of allergy and inflammation. H1R antagonists have particular clinical utility in allergic rhinitis and urticaria. Here we have developed six novel fluorescent probes for this receptor that are very effective for high resolution confocal imaging, alongside bioluminescence resonance energy transfer approaches to monitor H1R ligand binding kinetics in living cells. The latter technology exploits the opportunities provided by the recently described bright bioluminescent protein NanoLuc when it is fused to the N-terminus of a receptor. Two different pharmacophores (mepyramine or the fragment VUF13816) were used to generate fluorescent H1R antagonists conjugated via peptide linkers to the fluorophore BODIPY630/650. Kinetic properties of the probes showed wide variation, with the VUF13816 analogues having much longer H1R residence times relative to their mepyramine-based counterparts. The kinetics of these fluorescent ligands could also be monitored in membrane preparations providing new opportunities for future drug discovery applications.
Natural Intermediate Band in I 2 -II-IV-VI4 Quaternary Chalcogenide Semiconductors
Authors: Liu Qiheng , Cai Zenghua , Han Dan , Chen Shiyou 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAn intermediate band in the band gap of semiconductors is fundamental to the development of the intermediate band solar cells, but it is usually produced artificially, which imposes technical challenges on the experimental realization. Here we found that there are natural intermediate bands in the band gaps of the I2-II-IV-VI4quaternary chalcogenide semiconductors such as Cu2ZnSnS4and Ag2ZnSnSe4, which had been proposed as promising light-absorber semiconductors in thin film solar cells. By first-principles calculations, we found the lowest conduction band of these I2-II-IV-VI4semiconductors in the kesterite structure is isolated (a lone band, resulting from the energy separation between Sn 5s and 5p states), which can be viewed as a natural intermediate band. The gap between the intermediate band and higher-energy conduction band can be increased through changing the crystal structure from the zincblende-derived kesterite structure to the wurtzite-derived wurtzite-kesterite structure. In contrast, the intermediate-conduction band gap shrinks when the component element Sn is replaced by Ge (Cu2ZnGeS4), and the gap even disappears (intermediate band disappear) when Sn is replaced by Si (Cu2ZnSiS4). Through tuning the intermediate-conduction and intermediate-valence band gaps, we show that the wurtzite-kesterite structured Ag2ZnSnSe4may be a potential light-absorber semiconductor in intermediate band solar cells.
Studies on the Proteome of Human Hair - Identification of Histones and Deamidated Keratins
Authors: Adav Sunil S. , Subbaiaih Roopa S. , Kerk Swat Kim , Lee Amelia Yilin , Lai Hui Ying , Ng Kee Woei , Sze Siu Kwan , Schmidtchen Artur 
Published: January 2018

AbstractHuman hair is laminar-fibrous tissue and an evolutionarily old keratinization product of follicle trichocytes. Studies on the hair proteome can give new insights into hair function and lead to the development of novel biomarkers for hair in health and disease. Human hair proteins were extracted by detergent and detergent-free techniques. We adopted a shotgun proteomics approach, which demonstrated a large extractability and variety of hair proteins after detergent extraction. We found an enrichment of keratin, keratin-associated proteins (KAPs), and intermediate filament proteins, which were part of protein networks associated with response to stress, innate immunity, epidermis development, and the hair cycle. Our analysis also revealed a significant deamidation of keratin type I and II, and KAPs. The hair shafts were found to contain several types of histones, which are well known to exert antimicrobial activity. Analysis of the hair proteome, particularly its composition, protein abundances, deamidated hair proteins, and modification sites, may offer a novel approach to explore potential biomarkers of hair health quality, hair diseases, and aging.
Structural effect of two-dimensional BNNS on grain growth suppressing behaviors in Al-matrix nanocomposites
Authors: Nam Seungjin , Chang Kunok , Lee Woonki , Kim Moon J. , Hwang Jun Yeon , Choi Hyunjoo 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWhile nanocrystalline (NC) metals exhibit superior strength to conventional microcrystalline metals, their thermal instability has hampered their application at high temperatures. Herein, two-dimensional (2D) boron nitride nanosheets (BNNS) are proposed as reinforcement to enhance the strength as well as the thermal stability of NC Al. The strength of pure Al was increased from 80 to 468 MPa by refining its grains from ~600 to ~40 nm, and it was further enhanced to 685 MPa by incorporating 2 vol% of BNNS. Moreover, the small amount of BNNS was found to effectively suppress grain growth of NC Al at 580 °C (~0.9 Tm, where Tm is the melting point of Al), which prevented a strength drop at high temperature. Finally, the Zener pinning model in conjunction with phase-field simulations was utilized to qualitatively analyze the effect of the BNNS on the grain boundary pinning as a function of volume, shape, and orientation of the reinforcement. The model demonstrated that the pinning force of 2D reinforcements is much higher than that of spherical particles. Hence, 2D BNNS offer the possibility of developing Al-matrix nanocomposites for high-temperature structural applications.
Study on system commissioning test and project application of Lingzhou to Shaoxing UHVDC transmission project
Authors: Yang Wankai 
Published: January 2018

Lingzhou to Shaoxing (LS) ± 800 kV ultra‐high voltage direct current (UHVDC) transmission project is the first rectifier side access 750 kV power grids. 750 kV bus voltage fluctuation in Lingzhou side is bigger because the rectifier side supporting the power generator has not been put into production. The system commissioning test program was researched according to the above characteristics. The contents of the system commissioning test program include system test aim, the conditions of the alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) system, test contents and operation steps, the measurement signals, the test results acceptable criteria, and safety and stable precautions during the UHVDC project system test. Referring the Haminan to Zhengzhou (HZ) UHVDC transmission project system test and operation experience, the system commissioning test items were put forward and confirmed, addition test items included some control function verification tests. The system commissioning test program and measurement program that included the transformer DC magnetic bias current measurement, wind generator sub‐synchronous oscillation monitoring near Lingzhou side area was prepared based on the analysis results of the bus voltage strategy in the rectifier side, the system security and stability strategy in the rectifier and inverter side, and AC and DC line ground fault analysis in this study. The results of the system commissioning test indicated that the system commissioning test program met the demand of verifying LS project technical specification and guaranteed LS project to put into operation in time.
Vibration of saturable reactor core used in HVDC converter valve system
Authors: Zhang Pengning , Li Lin 
Published: January 2018

The vibration and noise of the saturable reactor used in A5000 converter valve are serious problems, and the main factor of the vibration is the magnetostrictive effect caused by AC harmonic currents. In order to study the vibration mechanism of the saturable reactor core, the magnetic field, circuit, and structure field are coupled based on finite element method (FEM) and the improved magnetostrictive model. The magnetic flux density, displacement, magnetostriction force, and Maxwell force of a single core are simulated when it is working < 200 Hz AC voltage of different amplitude. A single core of the saturable reactor vibration experiment platform is built to validate the simulation. The calculated vibration acceleration is consistent with the experimental data. The aim of the study is to predict the core's vibration level and build a basis for seeking new vibration reduction methods at the design stage of saturable reactor.
Balloon-Occluded Retrograde Transvenous Obliteration: Emergence as a Treatment for Gastric Varices and Medically Refractory Hepatic Encephalopathy
Authors: Chen Ronnie , Lee Edward , Cho Sung 
Published: January 2018

AbstractGastric or esophageal variceal bleeding is a major complication of portal hypertension in patients with liver cirrhosis. Currently, liver transplant is still considered a gold standard treatment for gastric or esophageal variceal bleeding. What about varices associated with splenic vein thrombosis? In the United States and Europe, endoscopic treatment and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) have been considered as effective treatment options for these variceal bleeding. However, in South Korea and Japan, balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO) has been considered as a well-accepted treatment option for the gastric variceal bleeding. In recent years, based on favorable outcomes of BRTO in Asia and unfavorable outcomes/complications of TIPS, BRTO has emerged as an alternative therapy for gastric varices in the Western world. In this review, we describe the indications/contraindications, techniques, and outcomes of BRTO.
Pregnant Women's Knowledge and Beliefs about the Safety and Outcomes of Delivery at Various Gestational Ages
Authors: Baldwin Melody , Swamy Geeta , Wheeler Sarahn 
Published: January 2018

Objectives Despite the morbidity associated with late preterm and early-term births, there is limited data on pregnant women's perception of neonatal risk based on gestational age (GA). Therefore, our objective was to determine pregnant women's perception of neonatal risks at varying GAs.
Method Through an anonymous 24-question survey, pregnant women were asked to designate the GA at delivery that is desirable, safe, and defined as full term. Responses were compared based on race, history of preterm birth, and medical comorbidities.
Results Among the 233 survey respondents, the majority (62.9%) desired delivery at 36 to 39 weeks' gestation. Black women were more likely to desire delivery at 28 to 35 weeks compared with other racial/ethnic groups (p = 0.005). Women with a history of preterm birth or medical complications were less likely to desire delivery at 40 weeks. More than 40% of respondents thought delivery at 8 months of pregnancy was safe and 40.3% responded that 37 weeks' gestation is considered term.
Conclusion Misconceptions surrounding the definition of a term pregnancy are pervasive and vary by race, obstetric history, and medical comorbidities. Our findings highlight the need for patient education about appropriate gestational length, especially in minority and high-risk populations.
Leben mit einem lokal begrenzten Prostatakarzinom – Entscheidungsfindung und Krankheitsverarbeitung
Authors: Kendel Friederike , Otto Isabella , Engler Jennifer , Schrader Mark , Holmberg Christine 
Published: January 2018

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Männer, die die Diagnose „lokal begrenztes Prostatakarzinom“ erhalten, müssen eine Entscheidung zwischen Behandlungsstrategien treffen, die sich in ihren Nebenwirkungen erheblich unterscheiden und langfristig sehr unterschiedliche Anforderungen an die Krankheitsbewältigung stellen. Ziel dieser Studie war zu beschreiben, wie Männer ihre Therapieentscheidung im Nachhinein wahrnehmen und welche Bewältigungsstrategien sie einsetzen.
Material & Methoden Fünfzehn Männer (Alter M=67,13±9,38 Jahre) mit der Diagnose lokal begrenztes Prostatakarzinom nahmen an drei Fokusgruppen teil, die nach Behandlungsstrategie (radikale Prostatektomie, Radiotherapie, aktive Überwachung) zusammengestellt wurden. Ein Interviewleitfaden strukturierte die Fokusgruppendiskussionen. In Analogie zu dem Leitfaden wurde das Material in einem ersten Schritt deduktiv sortiert; in einem zweiten Schritt wurden Unterkategorien induktiv aus dem Material heraus entwickelt.
Ergebnisse Die Inhaltsanalyse ergab vier Kernthemen: (1) Die Diagnosemitteilung und die damit verbundenen Reaktionen. (2) Der Prozess der Entscheidungsfindung, bei dem der wahrgenommene Zeitdruck besonders herausgestellt wurde. (3) Die Bewältigungsstrategien im Umgang mit der Erkrankung, die ein breites Spektrum zeigten: hier waren Ablenkung, Informationssuche und Lebensstiländerungen zentral. (4) Die Wahrnehmung der Erkrankung über die Zeit. Männer unter aktiver Überwachung hoben die Bedeutung der Entschleunigung für ihre Entscheidungsfindung sowie die Rolle von Lebensstiländerungen besonders hervor.
Diskussion Die Art und Weise der Aufklärung ist auch lange Zeit nach der Diagnosemitteilung noch sehr präsent. Möglicherweise würden sich durch eine Abnahme des Zeitdrucks und eine Entschleunigung mehr Männer für ein abwartendes Vorgehen entscheiden. Lebensstiländerungen könnten insbesondere Männern, die sich für aktive Überwachung entscheiden, helfen, das Gefühl des „Nichts-Tuns“ zu überwinden und ein Gefühl der Kontrolle zu erhalten.
Schlussfolgerung Angesichts der Vielfalt der möglichen Behandlungsstrategien wird eine Handlungsethik benötigt, die dem Bedürfnis nach einer individuellen und präferenzsensitiven Entscheidung gerecht wird.
Fluorine-donating electrolytes enable highly reversible 5-V-class Li metal batteries
Authors: Suo Liumin , Xue Weijiang , Gobet Mallory , Greenbaum Steve G. , Wang Chao , Chen Yuming , Yang Wanlu , Li Yangxing , Li Ju 
Published: January 2018

SignificanceRechargeable lithium metal battery (RLMB) is the holy grail of high-energy-density batteries. If lithium metal anode (LMA) could be combined with 5-V LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4cathode, energy density could exceed 600 Wh/kg based on the cathode and anode electrode mass. Despite such promises, 5-V RLMB is still a vacant research space so far due to the unavailability of electrolytes which simultaneously satisfy a wide enough electrochemical stability window, good compatibility with LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4, and superior reversibility of LMA. In this work, a class of full-fluoride (FF) electrolyte is invented for 5-V RLMB which not only has good compatibility with cathode and a wide stability window but also possesses the capability to make LMA more stable and reversible.
Investigating the role of speaker attitudes in koinéisation in Hohhot, China
Authors: Wang Xuan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis paper explores the correlation between speakers’ social attitudes and their linguistic production in a contact-induced dialect mixture in Hohhot, a Chinese immigrant city. In Hohhot, the contact between the community speaking the local Jìn dialect and migrants from all parts of the country has led to the formation of a new vernacular. Thirty-five speakers across three generations from the migrant community were recorded, and their social attitudes in different dimensions were measured through questionnaires. A significant correlation between the speakers’ attitudinal scores and their adoption of a local Jìn feature was found by mixed-effects modelling, and the effects of attitude remained even when speakers’ social contact with Jìn speakers was considered. The findings demonstrate the role of attitudes in contact-induced linguistic change and suggest that speakers’ overt attitudes recorded in questionnaires are also likely to predict their linguistic production.
Possibility of semantic involvement in the L1-L2 congruency effect in the processing of L2 collocations
Authors: Yamashita Junko 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
A growing body of second language (L2) research has identified the congruency effect in the processing of L2 collocations (L2 collocations that have word-for-word translation equivalents in learners’ first language [L1] are processed more quickly and accurately than those that have no such forms in L1). However, the locus of this effect has yet to be fully understood. This study explored the possibility of semantic involvement in this phenomenon by categorizing congruent and incongruent items used in the past studies according to the semantic transparency of collocations. Results showed a clear dominance of transparent items in the congruent category and that of opaque items in the incongruent category, suggesting the possibility of semantic involvement in the congruency effect. However, considerations of other factors observed in the pertinent studies led to the conclusion that there is something more in the congruency effect beyond semantic transparency.
Using eye tracking to investigate what bilinguals notice about
linguistic landscape images
Authors: Vingron Naomi , Gullifer Jason W. , Hamill Julia , Leimgruber Jakob , Titone Debra 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
In daily life, we experience dynamic visual input referred to as the “linguistic
landscape” (LL), comprised of images and text, for example, signs, and
billboards (Gorter, 2013; Landry & Bourhis, 1997; Shohamy, Ben-Rafael and Barni 2010). While much is known about LLs descriptively, less is known about what
people notice when viewing LLs. Building upon the bilingual eye movement reading
literature (e.g., Whitford, Pivneva, & Titone, 2016) and the scene viewing
literature (e.g., Henderson & Ferreira,
2004), we report a preliminary study of French-English bilinguals’
eye movements as they viewed LL images from Montréal. These preliminary data
suggest that eye tracking is a promising new method for investigating how people
with different language backgrounds process real-world LL images.
Conflicts in comparison
Authors: Mattfeldt Anna 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn a globalised world, national discourses are also perceived and commented on in other countries and languages. This paper focuses on newspaper coverage of the 2014 Scottish independence referendum in both Scotland and Germany, comparing two print media corpora in two languages. The linguistic depiction of the arguments and conflicts in Scottish newspapers is compared to the discussion of Scottish independence in German newspapers. In order to find conflictive ‘hotspots’ in both corpora, adversative and concessive connectors of both languages are taken as a starting point for a comparative conflict-oriented discourse analysis in seven steps. Differences and similarities of the most important conflicting concepts as well as the role of stereotypes and language difference are then compared and discussed.