bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hospital-based Patient-specific Templates for Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Proof of Concept Clinical Study
Authors: Hafez Mahmoud A. , Hamza Hosamuddin , Nabeel Ahmed 
Published: October 2017

Introduction:
All available patient-specific instruments or patient-specific templates (PSTs) are controlled by implant companies. Most of these companies outsource some of the steps of the PST such as imaging, preoperative planning, manufacturing of PST, and packing/sterilization. This is a proof of concept clinical study on the hospital-based PST system for total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Methods:
A total number of 257 TKA procedures were performed on the basis of a new concept of hospital-based PSTs. All 5 steps of the PST [ie, imaging (computed tomographic scanning), planning, PST production, packing/sterilization, and surgery] were performed by the hospital. All cases included in this work are documented in the Egyptian Community Arthroplasty Register.

Results:
All cases had their surgeries performed without resorting to conventional intramedullary guides. Computed tomography–based imaging was easy and affordable. Planning was controlled by the surgeon. Polyamide nylon was the best available material and it was autoclavable. Desktop 3-dimensional printers were able to produce PSTs made of nylon, but it was difficult and time consuming. Industrial printers were superior in quality to desktop printers but more expensive. The whole process could be performed in as short a duration as 3 working days.

Conclusions:
Hospital-based PST was feasible and it was facilitated by the introduction of desktop 3-dimensional printers. This technique was less expensive and more time saving than commercially available PSTs as well as the conventional TKA.
Epithelial Erosions and Refractive Results After Single-Step Transepithelial Photorefractive Keratectomy and Alcohol-Assisted Photorefractive Keratectomy in Myopic Eyes: A Comparative Evaluation Over 12 Months
Authors: Fattah Maamoun A. , Antonios Rafic , Arba Mosquera Sam , Abiad Bachir , Awwad Shady T. 
Published: October 2017

Purpose:
To evaluate the epithelial erosion incidence and refractive results in myopic eyes undergoing single-step transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (TransPRK) compared with alcohol-assisted photorefractive keratectomy (PRK).

Methods:
This was a retrospective nonrandomized comparative study conducted at the American University of Beirut Medical Center. A total of 189 eyes that had undergone single-step transepithelial PRK (TransPRK) were compared with 189 matched eyes that had undergone alcohol-assisted PRK over a follow-up of 1 year. The incidence and symptoms of epithelial erosion were evaluated in both treatment groups using a post hoc questionnaire administered to patients selected in the study. Visual and refractive outcomes, including vector analysis of astigmatism, and corneal higher-order aberrations were also compared at 1-year postoperatively.

Results:
Baseline characteristics were similar between 2 groups (P > 0.05). A slight difference was detected at 12-month follow-up in the refractive cylinder (P = 0.02) and difference vector (P = 0.01) between eyes that had undergone TransPRK versus alcohol-assisted PRK. All other visual and refractive outcomes were similar at 12-month follow-up between both groups. Of note, 9.9% of patients with alcohol-assisted PRK (10/101) reported to the clinic because of tearing and stabbing sensation within 1 week after contact lens removal as opposed to 1% (1/100) of the TransPRK group (P = 0.0097). Subclinical recurrent epithelial erosion symptoms occurred more frequently in alcohol-assisted PRK: soreness to touch, sharp pains, and eyelid sticking occurred in 26.0% versus 6.6%, 32.5% versus 7.9%, and 26.0% versus 6.6% among the patients who were treated with alcohol-assisted PRK versus those who were treated with TransPRK, respectively (P ≤ 0.002).

Conclusions:
Single-step TransPRK for myopic eyes yields refractive results similar to those of alcohol-assisted PRK but shows a lesser incidence of early postoperative epithelial erosions and subsequent subclinical recurrent erosions.
Current opinions in office-based rhinology
Authors: Unsal Aykut A. , Gregory Naomi , Rosenstein Kenneth 
Published: October 2017

Purpose of review
The care of rhinologic patients has undergone a remarkable transformation in recent years. With the advent of endoscopic sinus surgery and high-tech image-guided computer systems, the surgical care of patients with benign sinonasal disease has successfully transitioned from the main hospital operating room to the outpatient ambulatory surgical center. Currently, there is yet another movement underway, in an attempt to care for these patients in the office setting.

Recent findings
As the medical device sector continues to innovate at rapid speed, new technologies such as the radiofrequency ablator, microdebrider, balloon sinus dilator, and steroid-eluting stent have propelled the care of rhinologic patients into the clinic setting.

Summary
In conjunction with an overall increased attention toward cost and time savings, the push to modernize instrumentation is now enabling the otolaryngologist to keep both the medical and surgical treatment of rhinologic patients, particularly those with chronic disease, within the office setting.
Exploring Acuity-Adaptable Care in a Rural Hospital
Authors: Sosebee Tonya , Potter Robert , Gilbert Valarie , Newcomb Patricia , Hampton Michelle 
Published: October 2017

OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study is to assess benefits of the acuity-adaptable (AA) care model in rural hospitals.

BACKGROUND
The AA model aims to provide care in the same space from admission to discharge regardless of acuity. Evidence is lacking to support claims that AA care will improve patient safety, increase nurse productivity, and improve patient/staff satisfaction in rural hospitals.

METHODS
Patients admitted to a rural intensive care unit (ICU) were allocated to an AA group or an ICU group. Patients in the AA group remained in the ICU room through discharge. Patients in the ICU group transferred out of ICU when acuity permitted. Patient anxiety, depression, and perception of emotional care were measured. Staff responses were assessed qualitatively.

RESULTS
Acuity-adaptable patients reported significantly more anxiety and less perceived emotional care than ICU patients. Intensive care unit nurses resisted caring for less acute patients.

CONCLUSION
Disadvantages may outweigh benefits of AA care delivery in the rural ICU.
The optimization of fermentation conditions for producing cellulase of
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens
and its application to goose feed
Authors: Ye Miao , Sun Linghong , Yang Ru , Wang Zaigui , Qi KeZong 
Published: October 2017

The proper culture conditions for producing cellulase of
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens
S1, isolated from the cecum of goose was optimized by single-factor experiment combined with orthogonal test. The properties of the cellulase were investigated by DNS method. The appropriate doses of
B. amyloliquefaciens
S1 were obtained by adding them to goose feed. It indicated that the suitable culture conditions of producing cellulase were the culture temperature of 37°C, the initial pH of 7.0, the incubation time of 72 h and the loaded liquid volume of 75 ml per 250 ml. The effects of each factor on producing cellulase by
B. amyloliquefaciens
S1 were as follows: initial pH > incubation time = culture temperature > loaded liquid volume. The optimum reaction temperature and pH were 50°C and 7.0, respectively. This enzyme is a kind of neutral cellulase that possesses resistance to heat and acidity. It showed high activity to absorbent cotton, soya bean meal and filter paper. By adding different doses of
B. amyloliquefaciens
S1 to the goose feed, it was found that the egg production, average egg weight, fertilization rate and the hatching rate were promoted both in experiment 1 (1.5 g kg
−1
) and experiment 2 (3 g kg
−1
). Also the difference of egg production, fertilization rate and hatching rate between experiment 1 and control group was obvious (
p
< 0.05), and the average egg weight was significantly increased in experiment 2 (
p
< 0.05).
Multimodal cell tracking from systemic administration to tumour growth by combining gold nanorods and reporter genes
Authors: Comenge Joan , Sharkey Jack , Fragueiro Oihane , Wilm Bettina , Brust Mathias , Murray Patricia , Lévy Raphaël , Plagge Antonius 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the fate of exogenous cells after implantation is important for clinical applications. Preclinical studies allow imaging of cell location and survival. Labelling with nanoparticles enables high sensitivity detection, but cell division and cell death cause signal dilution and false positives. By contrast, genetic reporter signals are amplified by cell division. Here we characterise lentivirus-based bi-cistronic reporter gene vectors and silica-coated gold nanorods (GNRs) as synergistic tools for cell labelling and tracking. Co-expression of the bioluminescence reporter luciferase and the optoacoustic reporter near-infrared fluorescent protein iRFP720 enabled cell tracking over time in mice. Multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) showed immediate biodistribution of GNR-labelled cells after intracardiac injection and successive clearance of GNRs (day 1-15) with high resolution, while optoacoustic iRFP720 detection indicated tumour growth (day 10-40). This multimodal cell tracking approach could be applied widely for cancer and regenerative medicine research to monitor short- and long-term biodistribution, tumour formation and metastasis.
Barriers to Integration of Bioinformatics into Undergraduate Life Sciences Education
Authors: Williams Jason J. , Drew Jennifer C. , Galindo-Gonzalez Sebastian , Robic Srebrenka , Dinsdale Elizabeth , Morgan William , Triplett Eric W. , Burnette James , Donovan Samuel , Elgin Sarah , Fowlks Edison R. , Goodman Anya L. , Grandgenett Nealy F. , Goller Carlos , Hauser Charles , Jungck John R. , Newman Jeffrey D. , Pearson William , Ryder Elizabeth , Wilson Sayres Melissa A. , Sierk Michael , Smith Todd , Tosado-Acevedo Rafael , Tapprich William , Tobin Tammy C. , Toro Arlín , Welch Lonnie , Wright Robin , Ebenbach David , McWilliams Mindy , Rosenwald Anne G. , Pauley Mark A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBioinformatics, a discipline that combines aspects of biology, statistics, and computer science, is increasingly important for biological research. However, bioinformatics instruction is rarely integrated into life sciences curricula at the undergraduate level. To understand why, the Network for Integrating Bioinformatics into Life Sciences Education (NIBLSE, “nibbles”) recently undertook an extensive survey of life sciences faculty in the United States. The survey responses to open-ended questions about barriers to integration were subjected to keyword analysis. The barrier most frequently reported by the ~1,260 respondents was lack of faculty training. Faculty at associate’s-granting institutions report the least training in bioinformatics and the least integration of bioinformatics into their teaching. Faculty from underrepresented minority groups (URMs) in STEM reported training barriers at a higher rate than others, although the number of URM respondents was small. Interestingly, the cohort of faculty with the most recently awarded PhD degrees reported the most training but were teaching bioinformatics at a lower rate than faculty who earned their degrees in previous decades. Other barriers reported included lack of student interest in bioinformatics; lack of student preparation in mathematics, statistics, and computer science; already overly full curricula; and limited access to resources, including hardware, software, and vetted teaching materials. The results of the survey, the largest to date on bioinformatics education, will guide efforts to further integrate bioinformatics instruction into undergraduate life sciences education.
Jak-Stat pathway induces Drosophila follicle elongation by a gradient of apical contractility
Authors: Alégot Hervé , Pouchin Pierre , Bardot Olivier , Mirouse Vincent 
Published: October 2017

AbstractTissue elongation and its control by spatiotemporal signals is a major developmental question. Currently, it is thought thatDrosophilaovarian follicular epithelium elongation requires the planar polarization of the basal domain cytoskeleton and of the extra-cellular matrix, associated with a dynamic process of rotation around the anteroposterior axis. Here we show, by careful kinetic analysis offat2mutants, that neither basal planar polarization nor rotation is required during a first phase of follicle elongation. Conversely, a JAK-STAT signaling gradient from each follicle pole orients early elongation. JAK-STAT controls apical pulsatile contractions, and Myosin II activity inhibition affects both pulses and early elongation. Early elongation is associated with apical constriction at the poles and oriented cell rearrangements, but without any visible planar cell polarization of the apical domain. Thus, a morphogen gradient can trigger tissue elongation via a control of cell pulsing and without planar cell polarity requirement.Impact StatementFollicle elongation does not rely solely on the basal side of the cells but also requires a mechanism integrating a developmental cue with a morphogenetic process involving their apical domain.
Estimating barriers to gene flow from distorted isolation by distance patterns
Authors: Ringbauer Harald , Kolesnikov Alexander , Field David , Barton Nicholas H. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTIn continuous populations with local migration, nearby pairs of individuals have on average more similar genotypes than geographically well separated pairs. A barrier to gene flow distorts this classical pattern of isolation by distance. Genetic similarity is decreased for sample pairs on different sides of the barrier and increased for pairs on the same side near the barrier. Here, we introduce an inference scheme that utilizes this signal to detect and estimate the strength of a linear barrier to gene flow in two-dimensions. We use a diffusion approximation to model the effects of a barrier on the geographical spread of ancestry backwards in time. This approach allows us to calculate the chance of recent coalescence and probability of identity by descent. We introduce an inference scheme that fits these theoretical results to the geographical covariance structure of bialleleic genetic markers. It can estimate the strength of the barrier as well as several demographic parameters. We investigate the power of our inference scheme to detect barriers by applying it to a wide range of simulated data. We also showcase an example application to aAntirrhinum majus(snapdragon) flower color hybrid zone, where we do not detect any signal of a strong genome wide barrier to gene flow.
Mast Cells in the Developing Brain Determine Adult Sexual Behavior
Authors: Lenz Kathryn M. , Pickett Lindsay A. , Wright Christopher L. , Davis Katherine T. , Galan Anabel , McCarthy Margaret M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSex differences in brain and behavior are programmed during development by gonadal hormones. We found that the immune system-derived mast cell is a primary target for the masculinizing hormone, estradiol. Male rats had more mast cells in the preoptic area (POA), a brain region essential for male copulatory behavior, during the critical period for sexual differentiation. Activating mast cells in females masculinized POA neuronal and microglial morphology and adult sex behavior, and inhibiting mast cells in males blunted masculinization. Estradiol increased mast cell number and caused mast cells to release histamine, which stimulated microglia to release prostaglandins and thereby induced male-typical synaptic patterning. Inducing an allergic reaction in pregnant dams increased mast cell number in the brains of female fetuses and masculinized neuronal and microglia morphology and adult copulatory behavior. These findings identify a novel non-neuronal origin of brain sex differences and non-steroidal source of variability in brain feminization.
The effect of stimulation interval on plasticity following repeated blocks of intermittent theta burst stimulation
Authors: Tse Nga Yan , Goldsworthy Mitchell R. , Ridding Michael C. , Coxon James P. , Fitzgerald Paul B. , Fornito Alex , Rogasch Nigel 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTIntroductionTheta burst stimulation (TBS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation paradigm capable of influencing cortical circuits in humans by inducing neural plasticity. Applying spaced blocks of TBS can affect both the direction and magnitude of plasticity, but the impact of interval duration on these interactions following intermittent TBS (iTBS) is unclear.ObjectivesTo assess the effect of interval duration on plasticity magnitude/direction following spaced iTBS.Methods15 healthy participants received three different iTBS conditions on separate days: single iTBS; spaced iTBS with a 5 minute interval (iTBS-5); and spaced iTBS with a 15 minute interval (iTBS-15). Changes in cortical excitability and short-interval cortical inhibition (SICI) resulting from iTBS were assessed via motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) measured from the first dorsal interosseus muscle before and up to 60 mins following stimulation.ResultsiTBS-15 increased MEP amplitude up to 60 mins post stimulation, whereas iTBS-5 decreased MEP amplitude. In contrast, MEP amplitude was not altered by single iTBS. Despite the significant effect of iTBS-15 on MEP amplitude at the group level, there was still considerable inter-individual variability, with only 53% of individuals meeting response criteria. Modulation of SICI did not differ between conditions.ConclusionsThe interval duration between spaced iTBS plays an important role in determining the direction of plasticity on excitatory, but not inhibitory circuits in human motor cortex. While iTBS-15 can increase the magnitude of facilitation in some individuals compared to single iTBS, this approach still suffers from high inter-individual variability.
Inflammatory cellular response to mechanical ventilation in elastase-induced experimental emphysema: role of pre-existing alveolar macrophages infiltration
Authors: Rouze Anahita , Voiriot Guillaume , Guivarch Elise , Roux Françoise , Tran Van Nhieu Jeanne , Isabey Daniel , Brochard Laurent , Maitre Bernard , Mekontso-Dessap Armand , Boczkowski Jorge 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTBackgroundAn excessive pulmonary inflammatory response could explain the poor prognosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients submitted to invasive mechanical ventilation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the response to normal tidal volume (Vt) mechanical ventilation in a murine model of pulmonary emphysema, which represents the alveolar component of COPD. In this model, two time points associated with different levels of lung inflammation but similar lung destruction, were analyzed.MethodsC57BL/6 mice received a tracheal instillation of 5 IU of porcine pancreatic elastase (Elastase mice) or the same volume of saline (Saline mice). Fourteen (D14) and 21 (D21) days after instillation, mice were anesthetized, intubated, and either mechanically ventilated (MV) with a normal Vt (8 mL/kg) or maintained on spontaneous ventilation (SV) during two hours. We analyzed respiratory mechanics, emphysema degree (mean chord length by lung histological analysis), and lung inflammation (bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cellularity, proportion and activation of total lung inflammatory cells by flow cytometry).ResultsAs compared with Saline mice, Elastase mice showed a similarly increased mean chord length and pulmonary compliance at D14 and D21, while BAL cellularity was comparable between groups. Lung mechanics was similarly altered during mechanical ventilation in Elastase and Saline mice. Activated alveolar macrophages CD11bmid were present in lung parenchyma in both Elastase SV mice and Elastase MV mice at D14 but were absent at D21 and in Saline mice, indicating an inflammatory state with elastase at D14 only. At D14, Elastase MV mice showed a significant increase in percentage of neutrophils concomitant with a decrease in percentage of alveolar macrophages in total lung, as compared with Elastase SV mice. Furthermore, alveolar macrophages of Elastase MV mice at D14 overexpressed Gr1, and monocytes showed a trend to overexpression of CD62L, compared with Elastase SV mice.ConclusionsIn an elastase-induced model of pulmonary emphysema, normal Vt mechanical ventilation produced an increase in the proportion of pulmonary neutrophils, and an activation of alveolar macrophages and pulmonary monocytes. This response was observed only when the emphysema model showed an underlying inflammation (D14), reflected by the presence of activated alveolar macrophages CD11bmid.
Enhanced Astrocyte Responses are Driven by a Genetic Risk Allele Associated with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Ponath Gerald , Lincoln Matthew R. , Dahlawi Somiah , Mubarak Mayyan , Sumida Tomokazu , Airas Laura , Zhang Shun , Isitan Cigdem , Nguyen Thanh D. , Raine Cedric S. , Hafler David A. , Pitt David 
Published: October 2017

AbstractEpigenetic annotation studies of genetic risk variants for multiple sclerosis (MS) implicate dysfunctional lymphocytes in MS susceptibility; however, the role of central nervous system (CNS) cells remains unclear. We investigated the effect of the risk variant, rs7665090G, located near NFKB1, on astrocytes. We demonstrated that chromatin is accessible at the risk locus, a prerequisite for its impact on astroglial function. The risk variant was associated with increased NF-κB signaling and target gene expression driving lymphocyte recruitment in cultured human astrocytes and astrocytes within MS lesions, and with increased lesional lymphocytic infiltrates. In MS patients, the risk genotype was associated with increased lesion volumes on MRI. Thus, we established that the rs7665090G variant perturbs astrocyte function resulting in increased CNS access for peripheral immune cells. MS may thus result from variant-driven dysregulation of the peripheral immune system and the CNS, where perturbed CNS cell function aids in establishing local autoimmune inflammation.One Sentence SummaryThe NF-κB relevant multiple sclerosis risk variant, rs7665090G, drives astrocyte responses that promote lesion formation.
Do adolescents take more risks? Not when facing a novel uncertain situation
Authors: Noémi Éltető , Karolina Janacsek , Andrea Kóbor , Ádám Takács , Eszter Tóth-Fáber , Dezso Németh 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn real-life decision-making, sub-optimal risk-taking seems characteristic of adolescents. Such behavior increases the chance of serious negative, and at times, irreversible outcomes for this population (e.g., road traffic accidents, addictions). We are still lacking conclusive evidence, however, for an inverted U-shaped developmental trajectory for risk-taking. This raises the question whether adolescents are really more risk-prone or when facing a novel risky situation, they behave just as children and adults do. To answer this question, we used the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) to assess the risky decision making of 188 individuals ranging in age from 7 to 30. The BART provided useful data for characterizing multiple aspects of risk-taking. Surprisingly, we found that adolescents were not more inclined to take risks than children or young adults. Participants in all age groups were able to adapt their learning processes to the probabilistic environment and improve their performance during the sequential risky choice. There were no age-related differences in risk-taking at any stage of the task. Likewise, neither negative feedback reactivity nor overall task performance distinguished adolescents from the younger and older age groups. Our findings prompt 1) methodological considerations about the validity of the BART and 2) theoretical debate whether the amount of experience on its own may account for age-related changes in real-life risk-taking, since risk-taking in a novel and uncertain situation was invariant across developmental stages.