bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implante de coração no subcutâneo de camundongos isogênicos. Estudo de um modelo experimental
Authors: Laus José Luiz , Santos Ricardo Ribeiro , Rossi Marco Antonio , Rossi Maria Meira Oliveira 
Published: September 2016

Objetivou-se estudar um modelo experimental de implante de coração em camundongos, segundo a exequibilidade, cinética pós-operatória, por histopatologia e aplicação prática. Foram empregados animais isogênicos das cepas BALB/c e C57BL/10, fornecidos pelo Biotério do Departamento de Parasitologia, Microbiologia e Imunologia da FMRP/USP. Os protocolos experimentais foram conduzidos mediante a execução dos tempos operatórios envolvidos com a técnica e se resumiram na implantação de corações obtidos de doadores recém-natos, para o subcutâneo da região dorsal da orelha externa de receptores singenêicos e não singenêicos adultos. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram, fundamentalmente, boa exequibilidade e êxito nos implantes singenêicos. Nos não singenêicos houve rejeição sistemática. A análise conjunta dos parâmetros estudados permite adiantar a grande utilidade do modelo e os subsídios que trará para estudos futuros no campo da alotransplantação.
Comparação entre enxertos autógenos livres e pediculados de conjuntiva no reparo de ceratectomias superficiais. Estudo experimental no cão (Canis familiaris - LINNAEUS, 1758)
Authors: Morales Adriana , Laus José Luiz , Souza Míriam Siliane Batista de , Santos Jaime Maia dos , Figueiredo Florêncio , Valeri Victorio 
Published: September 2016

A córnea está sujeita a traumas diversos que comprometem grandemente a visão. No presente trabalho, procurou-se confrontar dois métodos de reparação cirúrgica das lesões em córnea e elucidar aspectos referentes à exeqüibilidade, eficiência e efeitos cicatriciais sobre a transparência corneana. Estudaram-se ceratoplastias por enxertos autógenos livres e pediculados de conjuntiva em ceratectomias experimentais em 22 cães. Produziram-se lesões corneanas lamelares, bilateralmente, sobre as quais aplicou-se fragmento conjuntival livre em um dos olhos e enxerto pediculado no contralateral. Os resultados clínicos demonstraram melhor evolução para os pediculados, com menores graus de fotofobia, secreção, congestão conjuntival, edema e neovascularização corneanos, ratificada pela microscopia óptica, com menor infiltração celular e fibrose mais precoce nestes. A microscopia eletrônica de varredura evidenciou substituição de epitélio conjuntival implantado por epitélio corneano normal, notadamente nos pediculados. A somatória dos achados sugeriu reparação mais eficaz e precoce para os implantes com pedículo.
Aspectos clínicos e radiográficos de osteodistrofias de origem nutricional no cão jovem
Authors: Crochik Sonia da Silva , Iwasaki Masao , Sterman Franklin de Almeida , Prada Flávio 
Published: September 2016

Foram analisadas radiografias de 634 animais de espécie canina, jovens, de ambos os sexos e raças variadas, encaminhados ao Serviço de Radiologia do Hospital Veterinário da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo, no período de janeiro de 1982 a dezembro de 1991, com suspeitas clínicas de osteopatia metabólica. A interpretação dos exames radiográficos possibilitou o diagnóstico de Hiperparatireoidismo Secundário Nutricional, Raquitismo ou Osteodistrofia Hipertrófica. O Hiperparatireoidismo Secundário Nutricional foi a patologia mais freqüente das 3; entre os cães de raças puras acometeu mais aqueles de raças grandes e gigantes e também foi mais freqüente no sexo masculino. O mesmo observamos com a Osteodistrofia Hipertrófica, que também foi mais freqüente em machos e, entre as raças puras, nas grandes e gigantes. Apenas 11 casos de Raquitismo foram diagnosticados no período de estudo.
Avaliações eletrocardiográficas nas fases aguda e crônica indeterminada em cães experimentalmente infectados com Trypanosoma cruzi
Authors: Klein Roseli Pizzigati , Camacho Aparecido Antonio 
Published: September 2016

Grupos de cães experimentalmente infectados com Trypanosoma cruzi (1,000 tripomastigotas/kg de peso, cepa Colombiana) e infectados e tratados com beta bloqueador (metoprolol) foram avaliados pela eletrocardiografia na fase aguda (semanalmente por 5 semanas) e na fase crônica indeterminada (mensalmente até 6 meses), com o objetivo de estudar a extensão das lesões cardíacas. As alterações na fase aguda foram mais freqüentes no grupo infectado, destacando-se o aumento da freqüência cardíaca, a supressão da mv e o aumento do intervalo PR, e na fase crônica indeterminada houve persistência do aumento da freqüência cardíaca. No grupo infectado e tratado com metoprolol observou-se, durante a fase aguda, a supressão da mv, e na crônica indeterminada, a manutenção da freqüência cardíaca dentro dos limites normais. As outras alterações registradas, como aumento de onda Q, bloqueios átrio-ventriculares de 1a e 2S graus, distúrbios de conduçãoátrio-ventricular, taquicardia ventricular, extrassístole ventricular, assistolia, supressão ou aumento de onda T, ocorreram principalmente no grupo infectado na fase aguda.
Gendered Limitations on Women Property Owners: Three Women of Early Modern Cairo
Authors: Huffaker Shauna 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWomen’s rights to be independent property owners in the pre-modern Islamic world can be overemphasized. This article explores the legal frameworks and social and familial customs that limited women’s ability to act as autonomous property owners in late Mamluk and early Ottoman Egypt. Three case studies of early modern women of different socio-economic status demonstrate how these limitations come into focus only when women’s ownership of property is tracked over the long term. These case studies and supporting material are drawn from sales and waqf endowment documents held at the Egyptian National Archives and the Archives of the Ministry of Religious Endowments.
Simulation of Free-Surface Flow Using the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) Method with Radiation Open Boundary Conditions
Authors: Ni Xingye , Sheng Jinyu , Feng Weibing 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) technique is a mesh-free numerical method that has great potential to be used in the development of the next generation of numerical ocean models. The implementation of open and solid boundary conditions in the SPH method, however, is not as straightforward as the mesh-based numerical methods. Two types of open boundary conditions are considered in this study: the adaptive open boundary condition (AOBC) and Flather’s open boundary condition (FOBC). These two open boundary conditions are implemented in the SPH-based shallow-water equation (SWE) circulation model for simulating sea surface elevations and depth-mean currents over a limited area with open boundaries. The performance of these two open boundaries is assessed in four numerical test cases. In comparison with the conventional characteristic open boundary condition, both the AOBC and the FOBC allow perturbations to propagate out more effectively and are easy to implement with the specification of external flow conditions at the model open boundaries. The model results also demonstrate that the AOBC requires an accurate estimation of the phase speed of perturbations and could lead to a small drift in the mean water level. By comparison, the FOBC is computationally more efficient without any model drift. The SPH-based SWE circulation model is also used in simulating the laboratory observations of the 1993 Okushiri Tsunami. The numerical results in this case demonstrate the feasibility and capability of the SPH-based SWE model for simulating free-surface flows in regions with complicated bathymetry and irregular coastline.
Provincial Variation of Cochlear Implantation Surgical Volumes and Cost in Canada
Authors: Crowson Matthew G. , Chen Joseph M. , Tucci Debara 
Published: September 2016

ObjectivesTo investigate provincial cochlear implantation (CI) annual volume and cost trends.Study DesignDatabase analysis.SettingNational surgical volume and cost database.Subjects and MethodsAggregate‐level provincial CI volumes and cost data for adult and pediatric CI surgery from 2005 to 2014 were obtained from the Canadian Institute for Health Information. Population‐level aging forecast estimates were obtained from the Ontario Ministry of Finance and Statistics Canada. Linear fit, analysis of variance, and Tukey’s analyses were utilized to compare variances and means.ResultsThe national volume of annual CI procedures is forecasted to increase by <30 per year (R2 = 0.88). Ontario has the highest mean annual CI volume (282; 95% confidence interval, 258‐308), followed by Alberta (92.0; 95% confidence interval, 66.3‐118), which are significantly higher than all other provinces (P <. 05 for each). Ontario’s annual CI procedure volume is forecasted to increase by <11 per year (R2 = 0.62). Newfoundland and Nova Scotia have the highest CI procedures per 100,000 residents as compared with all other provinces (P <. 05). Alberta, Newfoundland, and Manitoba have the highest estimated implantation cost of all provinces (P <. 05).ConclusionsHistorical trends of CI forecast modest national volume growth. Potential bottlenecks include provincial funding and access to surgical expertise. The proportion of older adult patients who may benefit from a CI will rise, and there may be insufficient capacity to meet this need. Delayed access to CI for pediatric patients is also a concern, given recent reports of long wait times for CI surgery.
The Protective Effect of Poloxamer-188 on Platelet Functions
Authors: Guler Nil , Abro Schuharazad , Emanuele Marty , Iqbal Omer , Hoppensteadt Debra , Fareed Jawed 
Published: September 2016

Background: Poloxamer-188 (MST-188) is effective in the repair/recovery of damaged cell membranes. MST-188 is a promising agent for protecting blood cell viability. The aim of the study is to test the hypothesis that MST-188 can extend the duration of platelet function. Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected from 20 healthy volunteers. MST-188 (10 or 2 mg/mL) containing platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was prepared with 2 procedures. First, PRP prepared from MST-188 added whole blood (WB); second, MST-188 was added to PRP. These were referred to MST-188-WB preparation (WBP) and MST-188-PRP preparation (PRPP), respectively. For control, saline was used in the same manner. Agonist-induced aggregation (AIA) studies were performed at 30, 180, and 300 minutes using Platelet Aggregation Profiler (PAP-8) aggregometer (Bio/Data Corporation, Horsham, Pennsylvania) and Adenosine diphosphate (ADP), arachidonic acid, collagen, and epinephrine as agonists at final concentration of 20 µM, 500 µg/mL, 0.19 mg/mL, and 100 µM, respectively. Results: There was a protective effect of MST-188 on ADP and collagen AIA. At 300 minutes, ADP AIA was found to be 50.2% higher than saline control in 2-mg WBP, 43% at 10-mg PRPP, and 10.4% at 2-mg PRPP. Protective effect of on collagen AIA was 65.9% in 2-mg WBP, 42.74% at 10-mg PRPP, and 11.42% at 2-mg PRPP. In comparison between 30 and 300 minutes, MST-188 showed significant protection in terms of ADP and collagen receptors and for both types of preparations (WBP and PRPP). Conclusion: The protective effects of MST-188 on ADP- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation may contribute to the preservation of platelet functionality upon storage in blood banks.
Sick leave and disability pension before and after diagnosis of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Landfeldt Erik , Castelo-Branco Anna , Svedbom Axel , Löfroth Emil , Kavaliunas Andrius , Hillert Jan 
Published: September 2016

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with considerable morbidity and serious disability, but little is known of the long-term impact of the disease on work ability. Objectives: To assess sick leave (short-term absence) and disability pension (long-term absence) before and after diagnosis of MS. Methods: Patients with MS in Sweden were identified in a nationwide disease-specific register and matched with general population controls. Sick leave and disability pension were measured before and after index (i.e. the MS diagnosis date). Results: The final sample comprised 6092 patients and 60,345 controls (mean age 39 years; 70% female). The mean annual prevalence of sick leave ranged from 12% the first year after index to 23% after 11 years among patients and from 13% to 13% among controls. Corresponding estimates for disability pension were 12% and 55% for patients and 7% and 9% for controls. Significant differences in sick leave were observed up to 15 years before index and 3 years for disability pension. Conclusion: Patients with MS in Sweden have elevated levels of sick leave and disability pension up to 15 years before disease diagnosis. Our results highlight the burden of disease on affected patients and society and underscore the substantial unmet medical need.
Between assessments, digital technologies and big data: The growing influence of ‘hidden’ data mediators in education
Authors: Hartong Sigrid 
Published: September 2016

The past few decades have witnessed a global enforcement of ‘governance by data’ in education policy, including a significant increase of assessments and quantified evaluation. Within this context, this article focuses particularly on the intensifying evolvement of new (digital) information technologies and ‘mediated’ infrastructures of data flows. The premise is that such technologies and actors of mediation reveal a crucial potential for implementing a new mode of digitalized governmentality in education, which, as ‘governance by big data’, reaches far beyond policy, into educational administration, school practice and individual learning activities. The strategic mediation of (big) data in education (such as that generated through assessments) involves actors, structures and technologies that operate between policy, politics, administration, schools and individuals as well as between data production, consumption and the data itself, for example by applying practices of data visualization or technical data services around software and databases. However, as this article seeks to demonstrate, such mediators comprise various types of actors who operate very differently within the diverse sectors of education policy, indicating a highly ambiguous yet powerful composition of digitalized governmentality.
Effect of thermobalancing therapy on chronic prostatitis and chronic pelvic pain syndrome
Authors: Allen Simon , Aghajanyan Ivan G 
Published: September 2016

Background: Type-III chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is the most common type of prostatitis. Patients and methods: We ascertained the effect of ‘thermobalancing’ therapy (TT; using Dr Allen’s therapeutic device (DATD)) on CP/CPPS. We measured National Institute of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI) scores, prostatic volume (PV), and maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax) in one group of 45 patients who underwent TT and a control group that did not have TT, and compared these parameters between groups. Results: Baseline evaluation (pretreatment) of both groups showed no significant difference with regard to age, NIH-CPSI score, PV or Qmax. Pain score decreased in both groups but, in the treatment group, the difference between scores was considerably higher (8.72:1) than that of the non-treatment group. TT decreased quality of life (QoL) significantly whereas, in the control group, it decreased QoL slightly. TT reduced PV significantly whereas, in the control group, PV increased. TT increased Qmax significantly in CP/CPPS patients whereas, in the control group, TT did not elicit a significant change in Qmax. Conclusions: Six-month TT with DATD: (a) reduces CP/CPPS symptoms and improves QoL; (b) reduces PV; (c) increases Qmax. TT could be effective treatment for CP/CPPS.
Adult pulmonary tuberculosis as a pathological manifestation of hyperactive antimycobacterial immune response
Authors: Kumar Pawan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe intricate relationship between tuberculosis (TB) and immune system remains poorly understood. It is generally believed that weakening of the immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis leads to reactivation of latent infection into the active pulmonary disease. However, heterogeneous nature of TB and failure of rationally designed vaccines in clinical trials raises serious questions against the simplistic view of TB as an outcome of weakened immunity. In the wake of accumulating human TB data, it is argued here that a hyperactive antimycobacterial immune response is to blame for the pathogenesis of pulmonary TB in immunocompetent adults. Direct and indirect evidence supporting this notion is presented in this article. Revisiting the role of immune system in TB pathogenesis will pave the way for effective anti‐TB vaccines.
Women’s revealing Halloween costumes: other-objectification and sexualization
Authors: Lennon Sharron J. , Zheng Zhiying , Fatnassi Aziz 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWomen are depicted in revealing dress in the media and the depictions have costs such as objectification. Objectification theory explains that women in Westernized cultures are looked at, evaluated, and potentially objectified by others. Accordingly, objectifying gaze (by others) evokes self-objectification which has effects such as habitual body and appearance monitoring. According to the theory being objectified by others precedes self-objectification, which suggests that objectification by others could be more prevalent than self-objectification and potentially just as harmful. Researchers have found that self-objectification and other-objectification can be induced by revealing dress manipulations that vary in tightness or body coverage. We studied Halloween costumes as a site for objectification of others. In Study 1, 124 pairs of men’s and women’s Halloween costumes were content analyzed. Women’s costumes were significantly more revealing than men’s in tightness and body coverage. Since sexual objectification in the media is assessed by the presence of revealing dress in media depictions, we reasoned that women’s revealing Halloween costumes could be sexually objectifying. In Study 2, 295 participants rated women wearing revealing or non-revealing costumes in an online experiment. Women wearing revealing costumes were sexually objectified by participants. Although men rated costumed women higher on the sexually objectifying traits than women, both men and women objectified the costumed women in the revealing dress condition. Dress researchers may wish to apply objectification theory to re-interpret and explain early research on revealing dress.
Novel Methodology for Comparing Standard-of-Care Interventions in Patients With Cancer
Authors: Hilton John , Mazzarello Sasha , Fergusson Dean , Joy Anil A. , Robinson Andrew , Arnaout Angel , Hutton Brian , Vandermeer Lisa , Clemons Mark 
Published: September 2016

Purpose: The current clinical trials development and conduct process is cumbersome and expensive, with the majority of studies focusing on either the development of new agents or new indications for established agents. Unfortunately, research comparing standard-of-care interventions is rarely performed, leaving many important and practical patient-centered questions unanswered. Novel clinical trial methodologies and approaches are needed. Methods: We have identified simple key components that, when combined, enhance the ability to both perform and increase accrual for studies that compare standard-of-care interventions. These include selection of clinically relevant and practical questions, demonstration of clinical equipoise through surveys of knowledge users and completion of systematic reviews, appropriate study design and simply defined study end points, use of an integrated consent model incorporating oral consent, efficient research ethics board approval, Web-based randomization in the clinic, real-time electronic data capture and management, and regular formal team feedback. Results: We have demonstrated the feasibility of this model in a pragmatic trial comparing two standard-of-care interventions (growth factor support or ciprofloxacin) for the primary prophylaxis of febrile neutropenia in patients with breast cancer receiving adjuvant docetaxel with cyclophosphamide chemotherapy. Research ethics board approval took 3 months, and 110 (72%) of 153 potentially eligible patients have agreed to participate in the study. When surveyed, 81 (85%) of 95 patients were completely satisfied with the integrated consent model process. Conclusion: Our proposed model contains elements that, when used alone or in combination, may allow efficient and cost-effective comparison of standard-of-care interventions.
Paradox of Prescribing Late Chemotherapy: Oncologists Explain
Authors: Bluhm Minnie , Connell Cathleen M. , De Vries Raymond G. , Janz Nancy K. , Bickel Kathleen E. , Silveira Maria J. 
Published: September 2016

Purpose: The value of chemotherapy for patients with cancer in the last weeks of life warrants examination. Late chemotherapy may not improve survival or quality of life but typically precludes hospice enrollment and may result in additional symptoms, increased use of other aggressive treatments, and worsening quality of life. Few studies have explored oncologists’ rationales for administering chemotherapy near death. This study examines the self-reported factors that influence oncologists’ decisions about late chemotherapy. Methods: In-depth individual interviews were conducted with 17 oncologists through a semistructured interview guide. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were coded and analyzed using conventional content analysis, a qualitative method that allows the detection and analysis of patterns in the data. Results: Clinical factors take priority in determining late chemotherapy decisions when clear treatment choices exist. When clinical factors are ambiguous, emotion becomes a highly salient influence. Oncologists view late chemotherapy to be patient driven and use it to palliate emotional distress and maintain patient hope even when physical benefit is unexpected. Oncologists experience unique and difficult challenges when caring for dying patients, including emotionally draining communication, overwhelming responsibility for life/death, limitations of oncology to heal, and prognostic uncertainty. These challenges are also eased by offering late chemotherapy. Conclusion: The findings reveal a nuanced understanding of why oncologists find it difficult to refuse chemotherapy treatment for patients near death. Optimal end-of-life treatment decisions require supportive interventions and system change, both of which must take into account the challenges oncologists face.