bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cervical cancer screening cotesting with cytology and MRNA HPV E6/E7 yields high rates of CIN2+ lesions in young women
Authors: Granados Rosario , Tellez‐Safina Hilda , Solis Isabel , Mateos Francisco , Rodriguez‐Barbero Jose Maria , Aramburu Jose Antonio , Huertas Miguel Angel , Bajo Paloma , Camarmo Encarnacion , Corrales Teresa , Medina Pedro , Calvo Beatriz , Martin Esther , Anta Laura , Zamora Manuel , Alcaide Teresa 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundEuropean guidelines recommend primary HPV testing for cervical cancer screening. However, the starting age remains to be defined, with an undecided window between 30 and 35 years. This pilot study compares the effectiveness of primary HPV testing to that of cytology for the detection of high‐grade (CIN2+) lesions stratified by age.MethodsCotesting with LBC cytology and APTIMA® HPV (AHPV) was performed in 5053 women aged 25–65 in an opportunistic screening program in Madrid. AHPV‐positive cases were referred to colposcopy and genotyped for HPV16 and 18/45 (AHPV‐GT). Results were analyzed stratified in four age groups.Results454 cases (9.0%) were AHPV‐positive. Women under 35 had a 30.2% CIN2+ rate, compared to 21.9% and 20.4% for women aged 35‐44 or 45‐54. There was a significant increase (P < .05) in the rate of CIN2+ in AHPV‐GT‐positive women when compared to that for other HPV types (AHPV‐other), being 43.3% versus 15.7%. AHPV‐GT‐positive women under 35 had significantly higher rates of CIN2+ lesions than any other age‐group. The sensitivity of cytology for cervical CIN2+ in APHV‐positive women was 60.6%. All 4 carcinomas, including one AHPV‐negative endometrial adenocarcinoma, had abnormal cytology. All cervical CIN2+ lesions biopsied were AHPV‐positive.ConclusionsAptima HPV shows a significantly higher sensitivity for cervical CIN2+ lesions than cytology alone. Unexpectedly, AHPV‐positive women under 35 had the highest incidence of CIN2+ lesions, particularly when they are HPV16/18/45‐positive. Reconsidering HPV primary screening before the recommended age of 35 is warranted.
Value of cytopathologist review of ultrasound examinations in non‐diagnostic/unsatisfactory thyroid FNA
Authors: Poller David N. 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundCorrelation of cytologic and ultrasound findings is extremely valuable for the cytopathologist in management of thyroid nodules.MethodsUltrasound scans (US) of all thyroid FNA taken over a 13 month period and reported by a single cytologist were reviewed at the time of reporting, focusing on aspirates that were non‐diagnostic/unsatisfactory, equivalent to Bethesda Class I, UK Royal College of Pathologists Class Thy1 or Thy1c.ResultsFNA cases [68 (40.7%)] were classified as Thy1, equivalent to Bethesda Class I. US of 3 Thy1 cases were not available for review. On cytologist US review 9 cases were classified as pure cystic, 28 as mixed cystic/solid, 12 as predominantly solid/focally cystic and 16 as purely solid. 27 (41.5%) of cases on cytological assessment were Thy1 and showed no evidence of a cyst on US, 17 (26.1%) were Thy1/Thy1c showing features suggestive of a possible cyst and 21 (32.3%) were Thy1c showing definite features of a cyst. Fifteen of 16 (93.7%) of pure solid cases on US were Thy1, equivalent to Bethesda Class I and all 9 (100%) of cases that were pure cystic on US were reported as Thy1c—equivalent to Bethesda Category I—cyst fluid only (P < .001).ConclusionCytopathologist review of thyroid US is extremely useful and can be helpful in triaging patients for further management in cases of solid, mixed cystic and/or solid, and pure cystic thyroid lesions with non‐diagnostic/unsatisfactory thyroid FNA.
Last‐century forest productivity in a managed dry‐edge Scots pine population: the two sides of climate warming
Authors: Marqués Laura , Madrigal‐González Jaime , Zavala Miguel A. , Camarero Jesús Julio , Hartig Florian 
Published: September 2017

AbstractClimate change in the Mediterranean, associated with warmer temperatures and more frequent droughts, is expected to impact forest productivity and the functioning of forests ecosystems as carbon reservoirs in the region. Climate warming can positively affect forest growth by extending the growing season, whereas increasing summer drought generally reduces forest productivity and may cause growth decline, trigger dieback, hamper regeneration, and increase mortality. Forest management could potentially counteract such negative effects by reducing stand density and thereby competition for water. The effectiveness of such interventions, however, has so far mostly been evaluated for short time periods at the tree and stand levels, which limits our confidence regarding the efficacy of thinning interventions over longer time scales under the complex interplay between climate, stand structure, and forest management. In this study, we use a century‐long historical data set to assess the effects of climate and management on forest productivity. We consider rear‐edge Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) populations covering continental and Mediterranean conditions along an altitudinal gradient in Central Spain. We use linear mixed‐effects models to disentangle the effects of altitude, climate, and stand volume on forest growth and ingrowth (recruitment and young trees’ growth). We find that warming tends to benefit these tree populations, warmer winter temperature has a significant positive effect on both forest growth and ingrowth, and the effect is more pronounced at low elevations. However, drought conditions severely reduce growth and ingrowth, in particular when competition (stand volume) is high. We conclude that summer droughts are the main threat to Scots pine populations in the region, and that a reduction of stand volume can partially mitigate the negative impacts of more arid conditions. Mitigation and adaptation measures could therefore manage stand structure to adopt for the anticipated impacts of climate change in Mediterranean forest ecosystems.
Does energy flux predict density‐dependence? An empirical field test
Authors: Ghedini Giulia , White Craig R. , Marshall Dustin J. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractChanges in population density alter the availability, acquisition, and expenditure of resources by individuals, and consequently their contribution to the flux of energy in a system. While both negative and positive density‐dependence have been well studied in natural populations, we are yet to estimate the underlying energy flows that generate these patterns and the ambivalent effects of density make prediction difficult. Ultimately, density‐dependence should emerge from the effects of conspecifics on rates of energy intake (feeding) and expenditure (metabolism) at the organismal level, thus determining the discretionary energy available for growth. Using a model system of colonial marine invertebrates, we measured feeding and metabolic rates across a range of population densities to calculate how discretionary energy per colony changes with density and test whether this energy predicts observed patterns in organismal size across densities. We found that both feeding and metabolic rates decline with density but that feeding declines faster, and that this discrepancy is the source of density‐dependent reductions in individual growth. Importantly, we could predict the size of our focal organisms after eight weeks in the field based on our estimates of energy intake and expenditure. The effects of density on both energy intake and expenditure overwhelmed the effects of body size; even though higher density populations had smaller colonies (with higher mass‐specific biological rates), density effects meant that these smaller colonies had lower mass‐specific rates overall. Thus, to predict the contribution of organisms to the flux of energy in populations, it seems necessary not only to quantify how rates of energy intake and expenditure scale with body size, but also how they scale with density given that this ecological constraint can be a stronger driver of energy use than the physiological constraint of body size.
Aliskiren alone or in combination with enalapril vs. enalapril among patients with chronic heart failure with and without diabetes: a subgroup analysis from the ATMOSPHERE trial
Authors: Kristensen Søren L. , Mogensen Ulrik M. , Tarnesby Georgia , Gimpelewicz Claudio R. , Ali Mohammed A. , Shao Qing , Chiang YannTong , Jhund Pardeep S. , Abraham William T. , Dickstein Kenneth , McMurray John J.V. , Køber Lars 
Published: September 2017

AimsBecause of concerns about the safety of aliskiren in patients with diabetes, study treatment was stopped prematurely in the Aliskiren Trial of Minimizing OutcomeS for Patients with HEart failuRE (ATMOSPHERE). We examined outcomes and treatment effect in these patients compared with those without diabetes.Methods and resultsATMOSPHERE included 7016 patients with heart failure and a reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) randomly assigned to enalapril plus aliskiren, aliskiren alone, or enalapril. At baseline, 1944 (27.7%) patients had diabetes. Median follow‐up was shorter in patients with diabetes compared with those without (24 months vs. 46 months). Among patients with diabetes, the primary endpoint of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure occurred in 216 patients (33.1%) in the enalapril group (reference), 172 (27.4%) in the aliskiren group [hazard ratio (HR) 0.82, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.67–1.00; P = 0.053], and 196 (29.5%) in the combination group (HR 0.86, 95% CI 0.71–1.04; P = 0.13). The effects of the treatments studied did not differ significantly compared with patients without diabetes. In patients with diabetes, aliskiren monotherapy was associated with a lower risk of symptomatic hypotension compared to enalapril [42 (6.7%) vs. 65 (10.0%); P = 0.04], whereas other adverse events were generally balanced between the three groups.ConclusionIn patients with HFrEF and diabetes, there was no signal of harm and a trend towards benefit when direct renin inhibition monotherapy was compared with an angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor, whereas combined aliskiren and enalapril treatment led to more adverse events with no improvement in outcomes. Treatment effects did not differ in patients with diabetes compared with those without. Clinical Trial Registration URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00853658.
IL‐2 is required for the generation of viral‐specific CD4+ Th1 tissue‐resident memory cells and B cells are essential for maintenance in the lung
Authors: Hondowicz Brian D. , Kim Karen S. , Ruterbusch Mikel J. , Keitany Gladys J. , Pepper Marion 
Published: September 2017

AbstractCD4+ tissue resident cells are an important first line of defense against viral infections in the lungs and are critical for promoting the localization of lung resident CD8+ T cells. However, relatively little is known about the signaling programs required for the development of viral‐specific CD4+ tissue resident cells in the lungs. Recently, it was shown that signaling through the high affinity IL‐2 receptor is required for the differentiation of lung‐resident Th2 memory (Trm) cells in a murine model of airway inflammation. We therefore tested if IL‐2 signaling is also required for the development of viral antigen‐specific CD4+ Th1 cells in the lung after i.n. infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. These studies demonstrate that Th1 CD4+ T cells also require IL‐2 for lung Trm development. Additionally, they show that B cells potently inhibit early Th1 cell lung residency, but are required for the maintenance of a long‐lived population of CD4+ Th1 Trm.
Polypyrrole Nanoparticles Based Disposable Potentiometric Sensors
Authors: Jaworska Ewa , Gniadek Marianna , Maksymiuk Krzysztof , Michalska Agata 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn this work polypyrrole nanoparticles of high electrochemical activity were used to prepare disposable, potentiometric sensors with a paper support. The paper support modified with polypyrrole nanoparticles served as electrical lead and ion‐to‐electron transducer and it was covered by a typical poly(vinyl chloride) based ion‐selective membrane. The properties of this arrangement were tested on example of potassium‐selective electrodes. The sensors prepared benefited from the properties of conducting polymer nanostructures: high electrical conductivity and electroactivity as well as absence of suspension stabilizing agent. The obtained electrodes were characterized with analytical parameters well comparable with those of classical ion‐selective electrodes.
A continuous flow microfluidic device based on contactless dielectrophoresis for bioparticles enrichment
Authors: Rahmani Ali , Mohammadi Aliasghar , Kalhor Hamid Reza 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn recent years, applications of dielectrophoresis‐based platforms have been recognized as effective and dependable approach to separate cells and bioparticles, suspended in different carrier fluids, based on particle size and electrical properties. In this study, a microfluidic device was fabricated by an unprecedented electrode pattern, and several experiments were performed to enrich samples including either of yeast, Escherichia coli, or latex particles. A chemical deposition‐based method was employed for fabrication of microelectrodes, inducing nonuniform electric field required for dielectrophoresis‐based separation. One major advantage of our employed method is low fabrication cost, in addition to its accuracy and operation at low voltages. The performance of the microfluidic device in enriching either of injected samples was studied using spectrophotometric techniques. The effects of experimentally controllable parameters (applied‐voltage amplitude and frequency, and flow rate) were studied by changing a parameter while keeping the others constant. It became evident that all the aforementioned parameters had modulating impact on the performance of the microfluidic device. Furthermore, to investigate binary interactions among the parameters, response surface methodology was exploited, resulting in a second‐order polynomial model for the performance of the device as a function of the parameters. The model was employed for finding the optimum values of the parameters at which the performance of the device is the highest. At optimum values for the experimentally controllable parameters, enrichment efficiencies of 87 ± 2, 82 ± 4, and 86 ± 3% for, respectively, yeast, E. coli, and latex particles were obtained experimentally, confirming the ability of the proposed method for biological and polymeric particles enrichment.
Transition Care in Anorexia Nervosa Through Guidance Online from Peer and Carer Expertise (TRIANGLE): Study Protocol for a Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Cardi Valentina , Ambwani Suman , Robinson Emily , Albano Gaia , MacDonald Pamela , Aya Viviana , Rowlands Katie , Todd Gill , Schmidt Ulrike , Landau Sabine , Arcelus Jon , Beecham Jennifer , Treasure Janet 
Published: September 2017

AbstractTRIANGLE is a multicentre trial investigating whether the addition of a novel intervention for patients and carers (ECHOMANTRA) to treatment as usual (TAU) improves outcomes for people with anorexia nervosa (AN). ECHOMANTRA is based on the cognitive interpersonal model of AN and includes assessments, workbooks, videos, online groups and joint Skype sessions for patients and carers. People receiving intensive hospital treatment (N = 380) will be randomised to TAU or TAU plus ECHOMANTRA. Participants will be assessed over an 18‐month period following randomisation. The primary outcome is patient psychological well‐being at 12 months postrandomisation. Secondary outcomes include (i) patient's weight, eating disorder symptoms, motivation to change, quality of life and number of days in hospital at 12 months postrandomisation and (ii) carer's psychological well‐being, burden and skills at 12 months (some outcomes will be assessed at 18 months postrandomisation). The results from this trial will establish the effectiveness of ECHOMANTRA.Trial registration: ISRCTN registry ISRCTN14644379, 08/12/2016. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Use of fecal and sawdust biochar as a new perfume delivery system
Authors: Starkenmann Christian , Niclass Yvan , Beaussoubre Pascal , Zimmermann Janina , Cayeux Isabelle , Chappuis Charles Jean‐François , Fieber Wolfgang 
Published: September 2017

AbstractHuman fecal matter mixed with pine sawdust was heated at 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, or 650°C in the absence of oxygen to generate black solid residues called biochars. These biochars were subsequently evaluated as a perfume delivery system for air care. The performance of biochar was compared to that of cellulosic material, which is commonly used for the release of perfume into the air, and to that of active charcoal, which is used for air purification. A perfume model system consisting of alcohols, aldehydes, alkanes, and terpenes was loaded onto these solid materials. Results showed that the cellulosic material had a good release profile, but that the aldehydes oxidized to some extent, which generates a rancid smell if no antioxidant is added. On the other hand, active charcoal strongly absorbed all volatiles such that no perfume release occurred and no smell was perceived. The biochar heated at 200°C showed good release performance (long lasting) but some fecal off‐notes remained in the background. Biochar prepared at 300°C was the best material as a compromise between the release profile and the energy needed to produce the material. The goal of this work was to add value to biochar and in so doing empower toilet innovators, aid the circular economy, and propose a sustainable solution for malodor control.
Effects of olfactory stimulation with scents of grapefruit and lavender essential oils on the skeletal muscle sympathetic nerve and muscle blood flow in rats
Authors: Nagai Katsuya , Horii Yuko , Fujisaki Yoshiyuki , Fuyuki Risa , Misonou Yoshiko 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe have previously observed that olfactory stimulation with scents of grapefruit and lavender oils have opposing effects on autonomic neurotransmission and physiological phenomena in rats. Since the suppression and facilitation of activity of the sympathetic nerves innervating the skeletal muscles decreases and increases the skeletal muscle blood flow (skeletal muscle‐BF), respectively, the effects of olfactory stimulation with scent of a grapefruit essential oil (SGFO) and scent of a lavender essential oil (SLVO) on skeletal muscle sympathetic nerve activity (skeletal muscle‐SNA) and skeletal muscle‐BF were examined. SGFO reduced, and SLVO elevated skeletal muscle‐SNA and skeletal muscle‐BF, respectively. Furthermore, 1) anosmic treatment with ZnSO4 eliminated the changes in skeletal muscle‐SNA due to SGFO and SLVO, 2) diphenhydramine, a histamine H1‐antagonist, eliminated the SGFO‐induced suppression of skeletal muscle‐SNA, and thioperamide, a histamine H3‐antagonist, abolished the SLVO‐induced enhancement of skeletal muscle‐SNA, and 3) butoxamine, an adrenergic β2‐antagonist, blocked the SLVO‐induced increase in skeletal muscle‐BF. These findings suggest that olfactory stimulation with SGFO reduces, and SLVO enhances, skeletal muscle‐BF via these autonomic changes. In addition, the histamine H1‐receptor was found to be involved in the SGFO‐induced suppression of skeletal muscle‐SNA, the H3‐receptor was shown to be concerned to the SLVO‐induced enhancement of skeletal muscle‐SNA, and the adrenergic β2‐receptor was indicated to be implicated in the SLVO‐induced increase in skeletal muscle‐BF via an increase in skeletal muscle‐SNA. These findings suggest that SGFO may suppress, and SLVO may enhance, the muscle recovery from muscle fatigue and the growth of muscles, via changes in autonomic neurotransmission.
Allopurinol suppresses expression of the regulatory T‐cell migration factors TARC/CCL17 and MDC/CCL22 in HaCaT keratinocytes via restriction of nuclear factor‐κB activation
Authors: Osabe Makoto , Tajika Toshiyuki , Tohkin Masahiro 
Published: September 2017

AbstractRecent studies have shown that sparse distribution of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the skin might be involved in the onset of severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions such as Stevens–Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis. Treg migration toward epithelial cells is regulated by certain chemokines, including TARC/CCL17 and MDC/CCL22. In this study, we analyzed the effect of allopurinol (APN), a drug known to cause severe adverse reactions, on the expression of factors affecting Treg migration and the mechanisms involved. APN inhibited the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α‐ and interferon (IFN)‐γ‐associated expression of TARC/CCL17 and MDC/CCL22 mRNA in HaCaT cells in a dose‐dependent manner. Consistent with this, APN also suppressed TNF‐α‐ and IFN‐γ‐induced production of TARC/CCL17 and MDC/CCL22 proteins and the migration of C‐C chemokine receptor type 4‐positive cells. Activity of the transcription factors NF‐κB and STAT1, which are involved in TARC/CCL17 and MDC/CCL22 expression, was also investigated. APN inhibited activation of NF‐κB, but not that of STAT1. Furthermore, it restricted p38 MAPK phosphorylation. These results suggest that APN inhibits TNF‐α‐ and IFN‐γ‐induced TARC/CCL17 and MDC/CCL22 production through downregulation of p38 MAPK and NF‐κB signaling, resulting in the sparse distribution of Tregs in the skin of patients with APN‐associated Stevens–Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis.
Preventive effects of fructose and N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine against cytotoxicity induced by the psychoactive compounds N‐methyl‐5‐(2‐aminopropyl)benzofuran and 3,4‐methylenedioxy‐N‐methamphetamine in isolated rat hepatocytes
Authors: Nakagawa Yoshio , Suzuki Toshinari , Inomata Akiko 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPsychoactive compounds, N‐methyl‐5‐(2‐aminopropyl)benzofuran (5‐MAPB) and 3,4‐methylenedioxy‐N‐methamphetamine (MDMA), are known to be hepatotoxic in humans and/or experimental animals. As previous studies suggested that these compounds elicited cytotoxicity via mitochondrial dysfunction and/or oxidative stress in rat hepatocytes, the protective effects of fructose and N‐acetyl‐l‐cysteine (NAC) on 5‐MAPB‐ and MDMA‐induced toxicity were studied in rat hepatocytes. These drugs caused not only concentration‐dependent (0–4 mm) and time‐dependent (0–3 hours) cell death accompanied by the depletion of cellular levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and glutathione (reduced form; GSH) but also an increase in the oxidized form of GSH. The toxic effects of 5‐MAPB were greater than those of MDMA. Pretreatment of hepatocytes with either fructose at a concentration of 10 mm or NAC at a concentration of 2.5 mm prevented 5‐MAPB−/MDMA‐induced cytotoxicity. In addition, the exposure of hepatocytes to 5‐MAPB/MDMA caused the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, although the preventive effect of fructose was weaker than that of NAC. These results suggest that: (1) 5‐MAPB−/MDMA‐induced cytotoxicity is linked to mitochondrial failure and depletion of cellular GSH; (2) insufficient cellular ATP levels derived from mitochondrial dysfunction were ameliorated, at least in part, by the addition of fructose; and (3) GSH loss via oxidative stress was prevented by NAC. Taken collectively, these results indicate that the onset of toxic effects caused by 5‐MAPB/MDMA may be partially attributable to cellular energy stress as well as oxidative stress.