bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Biopesticides and Leaf Removal in Grapevine Powdery Mildew Management
Authors: Moyer Michelle M. , Newhouse Jensena M. , Grove Gary G. 
Published: April 2016

Integrating biological-based fungicides into conventional spray programs may help with fungicide resistance management. However, little is known about how to best integrate these products while still maintaining maximum disease control. Programs with as few as one synthetic fungicide or as many as three synthetic fungicides added to a biopesticide-based rotation during the bloom period of Vitis vinifera had significantly better disease control than a biopesticide-only-based program. When integrated with different timings of fruit-zone leaf removal, specific combinations of biopesticide programs and fruit-zone leaf removal enhanced the efficacy of that program to be on par with disease control seen in a program entirely based on synthetic fungicides. This suggests that when designing a fungicide program using biopesticides as a base, the addition of a synthetic fungicide during the window of ontogenic susceptibility in clusters and the adoption of cultural practices such as leaf removal can significantly improve the efficacy of that program. Accepted for publication 11 April 2016. Published 20 April 2016.
Delayed Senescence in Soybean: Terminology, Research Update, and Survey Results from Growers
Authors: Harbach C. J. , Allen T. W. , Bowen C. R. , Davis J. A. , Hill C. B. , Leitman M. , Leonard B. R. , Mueller D. S. , Padgett G. B. , Phillips X. A. , Schneider R. W. , Sikora E. J. , Singh A. K. , Hartman G. L. 
Published: April 2016

The terms used to describe symptoms of delayed senescence in soybean often are used inconsistently or interchangeably and do not adequately distinguish the observed symptoms in the field. Various causes have been proposed to explain the development of delayed senescence symptoms. In this article, we review published reports on delayed senescence symptoms in soybean, summarize current research findings, provide examples of terms related to specific symptoms, and present an overview of the results of a multi-state survey directed to soybean growers to understand their concerns about delayed soybean senescence. Some of these terms, such as green bean syndrome and green stem syndrome, describe symptoms induced by biotic factors, while other terms describe symptoms associated with abiotic factors. Some delayed senescence terms involve the whole plant remaining green while other terms include just the stem and other plant parts such as pods. In the grower survey, 77% reported observing soybean plants or plant parts that remained green after most plants in the field were fully mature with ripe seed. Most respondents attributed these symptoms to changes in breeding and choice of cultivars. At the end of this article, we standardized the terms used to describe delayed senescence in soybean. Accepted for publication 23 March 2016. Published 15 April 2016.
CaPOW! Using Problem Sets in a Capstone Course to Improve Fourth-Year Medical Students’ Confidence in Self-Directed Learning
Authors: Clay Alison S. , Ming David Y. , Knudsen Nancy W. , Engle Deborah L. , Grochowski Colleen O’Connor , Andolsek Kathryn M. , Chudgar Saumil M. 
Published: April 2016

Problem
Despite the importance of self-directed learning (SDL) in the field of medicine, individuals are rarely taught how to perform SDL or receive feedback on it. Trainee skill in SDL is limited by difficulties with self-assessment and goal setting.

Approach
Ninety-two graduating fourth-year medical students from Duke University School of Medicine completed an individualized learning plan (ILP) for a transition-to-residency Capstone course in spring 2015 to help foster their skills in SDL. Students completed the ILP after receiving a personalized report from a designated faculty coach detailing strengths and weaknesses on specific topics (e.g., pulmonary medicine) and clinical skills (e.g., generating a differential diagnosis). These were determined by their performance on 12 Capstone Problem Sets of the Week (CaPOWs) compared with their peers. Students used transitional-year milestones to self-assess their confidence in SDL.

Outcomes
SDL was successfully implemented in a Capstone course through the development of required clinically oriented problem sets. Coaches provided guided feedback on students’ performance to help them identify knowledge deficits. Students’ self-assessment of their confidence in SDL increased following course completion. However, students often chose Capstone didactic sessions according to factors other than their CaPOW performance, including perceived relevance to planned specialty and session timing.

Next Steps
Future Capstone curriculum changes may further enhance SDL skills of graduating students. Students will receive increased formative feedback on their CaPOW performance and be incentivized to attend sessions in areas of personal weakness.
Early Experiences After Adopting a Quality Improvement Portfolio Into the Academic Advancement Process
Authors: Sehgal Niraj L. , Neeman Naama , King Talmadge E. 
Published: April 2016

Problem
Academic medical centers (AMCs) and their academic departments are increasingly assuming leadership in the education, science, and implementation of quality improvement (QI) and patient safety efforts. Fostering, recognizing, and promoting faculty leading these efforts is challenging using traditional academic metrics for advancement.

Approach
The authors adapted a nationally developed QI portfolio, adopted it into their own department’s advancement process in 2012, and tracked its utilization and impact over the first two years of implementation.

Outcomes
Sixty-seven QI portfolios were submitted with 100% of faculty receiving their requested academic advancement. Women represented 60% of the submitted portfolios, while the Divisions of General Internal Medicine and Hospital Medicine accounted for 60% of the submissions. The remaining 40% were from faculty in 10 different specialty divisions. Faculty attitudes about the QI portfolio were overwhelmingly positive, with 83% agreeing that it “was an effective tool for helping to better recognize faculty contributions in QI work” and 85% agreeing that it “was an effective tool for elevating the importance of QI work in our department.”

Next Steps
The QI portfolio was one part of a broader effort to create opportunities to recognize and support faculty involved in improvement work. Further adapting the tool to ensure that it complements—rather than duplicates—other elements of the advancement process is critical for continued utilization by faculty. This will also drive desired dissemination to other departments locally and other AMCs nationally who are similarly committed to cultivating faculty career paths in systems improvement.
Medical Student Perceptions of the Learning Environment: Learning Communities Are Associated With a More Positive Learning Environment in a Multi-Institutional Medical School Study
Authors: Smith Sunny D. , Dunham Lisette , Dekhtyar Michael , Dinh An , Lanken Paul N. , Moynahan Kevin F. , Stuber Margaret L. , Skochelak Susan E. 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
Many medical schools have implemented learning communities (LCs) to improve the learning environment (LE) for students. The authors conducted this study to determine whether a relationship exists between medical student perceptions of the LE and presence of LCs during the preclerkship years.

Method
Students from 24 schools participating in the American Medical Association Learning Environment Study completed the 17-item Medical Student Learning Environment Survey (MSLES) at the end of their first and second years of medical school between 2011 and 2013. Mean total MSLES scores and individual item scores at the end of the first and second years in schools with and without LCs were compared with t tests, and effect sizes were calculated. Mixed-effects longitudinal models were used to control for student demographics and random school and student effects on the relationship between LC status and MSLES score.

Results
A total of 4,980 students (81% of 6,148 matriculants) from 18 schools with LCs and 6 without LCs participated. Mean [SD] MSLES scores were significantly higher in LC schools compared with non-LC schools at the end of year one (3.72 [0.44] versus 3.57 [0.43], P < .001) and year two (3.69 [0.49] versus 3.42 [0.54], P < .001). The effect size increased from 0.35 (small) at the end of year one to 0.53 (medium) at the end of year two.

Conclusions
This large multi-institutional cohort study found that LCs at medical schools were associated with more positive perceptions of the LE by preclerkship students.
Effect of Performance Deficiencies on Graduation and Board Certification Rates
Authors: Turner Judi A. , Fitzsimons Michael G. , Pardo Manuel C. , Hawkins Joy L. , Huang Yue Ming , Rudolph Maria D. D. , Keyes Mary A. , Howard-Quijano Kimberly J. , Naim Natale Z. , Buckley Jack C. , Grogan Tristan R. , Steadman Randolph H. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAbstract
In a review of 865 residents from four U.S. programs with up to 16 yr of follow-up, residents who were deemed deficient in an Essential Attribute or in multiple competencies were at high risk for not graduating or achieving board certification.

Background
This multicenter, retrospective study was conducted to determine how resident performance deficiencies affect graduation and board certification.

Methods
Primary documents pertaining to resident performance were examined over a 10-yr period at four academic anesthesiology residencies. Residents entering training between 2000 and 2009 were included, with follow-up through February 2016. Residents receiving actions by the programs’ Clinical Competency Committee were categorized by the area of deficiency and compared to peers without deficiencies.

Results
A total of 865 residents were studied (range: 127 to 275 per program). Of these, 215 residents received a total of 405 actions from their respective Clinical Competency Committee. Among those who received an action compared to those who did not, the proportion graduating differed (93 vs. 99%, respectively, P < 0.001), as did the proportion achieving board certification (89 vs. 99%, respectively, P < 0.001). When a single deficiency in an Essential Attribute (e.g., ethical, honest, respectful behavior; absence of impairment) was identified, the proportion graduating dropped to 55%. When more than three Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Core Competencies were deficient, the proportion graduating also dropped significantly.

Conclusions
Overall graduation and board certification rates were consistently high in residents with no, or isolated, deficiencies. Residents deficient in an Essential Attribute, or multiple competencies, are at high risk of not graduating or achieving board certification. More research is needed on the effectiveness and selective deployment of remediation efforts, particularly for high-risk groups.
The Effects of (−)-OSU6162 on Chronic Fatigue in Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Berginström Nils , Nordström Peter , Schuit Robert , Nordström Anna 
Published: April 2016

Objective:
To examine the effects of the monoaminergic stabilizer (−)-OSU6162 on mental fatigue in patients with traumatic brain injury.

Setting:
Single-center Neurorehabilitation Clinic.

Design:
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Participants:
Sixty-four subjects with traumatic brain injury were randomized to treatment (n = 33) and placebo (n = 31).

Main Measures:
The effects of (−)-OSU6162 at a dose of 15 mg twice a day were evaluated using self-assessment scales and neuropsychological tests measuring mental fatigue.

Results:
No difference between groups was observed on any scale at baseline. At follow-up, both groups showed significant improvement on the Fatigue Severity Scale and the Mental Fatigue Scale (both Ps < .01). Similarly, the performance of both groups increased significantly on many neuropsychological tests. However, no significant between-group difference in changes on these scales was observed before or after adjustment for confounders except for one neuropsychological test favoring the control group. Sensitivity analyses showed significantly greater changes in levels of prolactin and folic acid and heart rate (all Ps < .05) in the treatment group. The mean plasma concentration after 4 weeks of treatment was 0.14 (range, 0.01–0.32) µM, which was lower than expected.

Interpretation:
Treatment with (−)-OSU6162 had no significant effect on mental fatigue in patients with traumatic brain injury compared with placebo.
A Paired Comparison of Initial and Recurrent Concussions Sustained by US High School Athletes Within a Single Athletic Season
Authors: Currie Dustin W. , Comstock R. Dawn , Fields Sarah K. , Cantu Robert C. 
Published: April 2016

Objective:
To compare initial and recurrent concussions regarding average number of days between concussions, acute concussion symptoms and symptom resolution time, and return to play time.

Setting/Participants:
High school athletes sustaining multiple concussions linked within sport seasons drawn from a large sports injury surveillance study.

Design:
Retrospective analysis of longitudinal surveillance data.

Measures:
Number of days between concussions, number of symptoms endorsed, specific symptoms endorsed, symptom resolution time, return to play time.

Results:
Median time between initial and recurrent concussions was 21 days (interquartile range = 10-43 days). Loss of consciousness, the only significant symptom difference, occurred more frequently in recurrent (6.8%) than initial (1.7%) concussions (P = .04). No significant difference was found in the number of symptoms (P = .84) or symptom resolution time (P = .74). Recurrent concussions kept athletes from play longer than initial concussions (P < .0001); 26.6% of recurrent concussions were season ending.

Conclusions:
We found that athletes' initial and recurrent concussions had similar symptom presentations and resolution time. Despite these similarities, athletes were restricted from returning to play for longer periods following a recurrent concussion, indicating clinicians are managing recurrent concussions more conservatively. It is probable that concussion recognition and management are superior now compared with when previous studies were published, possibly improving recurrent concussion outcomes.
Jack Kerouac Revisited
Authors: Wigand Moritz E. , Rüsch Nicolas , Becker Thomas 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

On the Road is a classic American novel that appeared at a time of great political, cultural, and psychiatric upheaval. Published almost 60 years ago, it still exerts great influence. We propose that the affirmative approach toward “madness” in the novel can enlighten our understanding of alternative perceptions of mental illness. The novel is analyzed with quantifying and narrative methods focusing on the concept of madness, which is a prominent theme in the novel. Stigma and glorification of madness can be found throughout the text. The positive sides and the pitfalls of an overly positive attitude toward mental illness and minority group members are discussed, including benevolent discrimination, recovery, and positive psychiatry.
The Psychobiology of Authentic and Simulated Dissociative Personality States
Authors: Reinders Antje A.T.S. , Willemsen Antoon T.M. , Vissia Eline M. , Vos Herry P.J. , den Boer Johan A. , Nijenhuis Ellert R.S. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The etiology of dissociative identity disorder (DID) remains a topic of debate. Proponents of the fantasy model and the trauma model of DID have both called for more empirical research. To this end, the current study presents new and extended data analyses of a previously published H2
15O positron emission tomography imaging study. This study included 29 subjects: 11 patients with DID and 10 high- and 8 low-fantasy-prone DID-simulating mentally healthy control subjects. All subjects underwent an autobiographical memory script–driven (neutral and trauma related) imagery paradigm in 2 (simulated) dissociative personality states (neutral and trauma related). Psychobiological and psychophysiological data were obtained. Results of the new post-hoc tests on the psychophysiological responses support the trauma model. New results of the brain imaging data did not support the fantasy model. This study extends previously published results by offering important new supporting data for the trauma model of DID.
Efficacy of Baduanjin Exercise and Feasibility of Mobile Text Reminders on Follow-up Participation in People With Severe Mental Illness: An Exploratory Study
Authors: CHEN MING-DE , YEH YA-CHIN , TSAI YI-JUNG , CHANG YEN-CHING , YU JUNE-WEI , HSU CHING-HUI 
Published: April 2016

Background:
People with severe mental illness (SMI) frequently have poor physical health, which can in part be related to a low level of physical activity. The goal of this exploratory study was to examine the efficacy of a group participating in Baduanjin (a type of traditional Chinese exercise) on the health of individuals with SMI and the feasibility/acceptability of using short message service (SMS) reminder strategies to prompt continued exercise during a follow-up period.

Method:
Participants (N=11) participated in a Baduanjin group session for 8 weeks and then maintained home-based Baduanjin with SMS reminders for another 8 weeks. Physical and psychological tests were administered to participants.

Results:
Significant improvements were found in balance and processing speed and in some domains of the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) after the Baduanjin program. Participants were able to maintain engagement in 80% of the expected practice time during the follow-up period. The acceptability of strategies to support home-based exercise, including SMS reminders, was high.

Conclusions:
This preliminary study suggested the efficacy of Baduanjin and the feasibility of SMS reminders in maintaining follow-up participation in people with SMI. Future studies using a larger sample size and a control group are needed to confirm the findings.
The fitness burden imposed by synthesising quorum sensing signals
Authors: Ruparell A. , Dubern JF. , Ortori CA. , Harrison F. , Halliday NM. , Emtage A. , Ashawesh M. , Laughton CA. , Diggle SP. , Williams P. , Barrett DA. , Hardie KR. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryIt is now well established that bacterial populations utilize cell-to-cell signaling (quorum-sensing, QS) to control the production of public goods and other co-operative behaviours. Evolutionary theory predicts that both the cost of signal production and the response to signals should incur fitness costs for producing cells. Although costs imposed by the downstream consequences of QS have been shown, it has not been demonstrated that the production of QS signal molecules (QSSMs) results in a decrease in fitness. We measured the fitness cost to cells of synthesising QSSMs by quantifying metabolite levels in the presence of QSSM synthases. We found that: (i) bacteria making QSSMs have a growth defect that exerts an evolutionary cost, (ii) production of QSSMs correlates with reduced intracellular concentrations of QSSM precursors, (iii) the production of heterologous QSSMs negatively impacts the production of a native QSSM that shares common substrates, and (iv) supplementation with exogenously added metabolites partially rescued growth defects imposed by QSSM synthesis. These data provide the first direct experimental evidence that the production of QS signals carries fitness costs to producer cells.Originality-Significance StatementBacterial cells within populations communicate with each other to control social behaviors by producing diffusible quorum sensing (QS) signal molecules. Evolutionary theory predicts that both the cost of signal production and the response to signals should incur fitness costs for producing cells. Here we provide the first empirical evidence that the production of QS signals incurs fitness costs to producing cells. Since QS plays a major role in bacterial pathogenicity, this finding will underpin novel antimicrobial strategies that are urgently needed to replace currently available antimicrobials that are becoming obsolete through the ever-rising incidence of resistance.
A data acquisition and analysis pipeline for scanning angle interference microscopy
Authors: Carbone Catherine B. , Vale Ronald D. , Stuurman Nico 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWe describe open source software and hardware tools for calibrating, acquiring, and analyzing images forscanningangleinterferencemicroscopy (SAIM) analysis. These tools make it possible for any user with a TIRF microscope equipped with a motorized illumination unit to generate reconstructed images with nanometer precision in the axial (z) direction and diffraction-limited resolution in the lateral (xy) plane.
Particle motion around open mixing screws: optimal screw angular velocity
Authors: Keppler Istvan , Varga Attila , Szabo Istvan , Katai Laszlo , Fenyvesi Laszlo 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
The analysis of the effect of screw angular velocity on the mixing efficiency of open mixing screws.

Design/methodology/approach
Measurements and discrete element method based simulations.

Findings
There is an optimal screw rotation angular velocity above which there is no reason to operate the mixing apparatus, as the mixing efficiency does not increase with the increase of screw angular velocity.

Research limitations/implications
By using discrete element method based optimization of open mixing screw apparatus, the effective mixing of agricultural grains can be achieved. The quality degradation of the dried product can be reduced.

Practical implications
The causeless increase of screw angular velocity results higher power consumption and quality degradation because of the increasing value of contact forces arising between the mixed particles.

Originality/value
Our article shows that by using discrete element based simulations, the optimal working parameters of open mixing screws can be evaluated.
Monitoring operating room turnaround time: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Scagliarini Michele , Apreda Mariarosaria , Wienand Ulrich , Valpiani Giorgia 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
Operating room turnaround time is a key process indicator for hospital business management: delays lead to a reduced surgical interventions per day with a consequent increase in costs and decrease in efficiency. This study aims to increase understanding by assessing the process’ steady-state behaviour and identifying changes that indicate either improvement or deterioration in quality.

Design/methodology/approach
With this purpose, we retrospectively applied Shewhart control charts and exponentially weighted moving average control charts to data extracted from an hospital information system.

Findings
The results showed that statistical process control is able to identify steady-state behaviour process and to detect positive or negative changes in process performance. In particular we detected a deterioration in the process performance coinciding with the change in the operanting room patient transfer staff.

Practical implications
This study showed that statistical quality control is a valuable tool for monitoring performance indicators. Currently, hospital managers are designing an operating room dashboard which also includes the control charts.

Originality/value
The article highlights the control chart application to organizational indicators allowing an objective operating room system performance assessment