bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceptions on Corneal and Eye Donation: Implications for Corneal Donor Programs
Authors: Pshea-Smith Ian A. , Bashshur Mary , Itani Wadad , Mofrad Zeinab (Noora) K. , Stout Elizabeth , Bashshur Ramona 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to review available literature that discusses the attitudes, awareness, and perceptions among individuals and populations regarding corneal and eye donation worldwide, to identify barriers that hinder donor programs from achieving sustainable success.

Methods:
A search was performed in PubMed yielding 800 articles which resulted in a final set of 101 relevant articles for review. Articles were excluded after abstract review if the authors determined the articles did not sufficiently pertain to corneal donation. Information was extracted regarding year of publication, country of origin, income level, World Bank region, study aim, study setting, sample size, and percentage of consented donors. Qualitative information was extracted on barriers to corneal donation and discussions or mentions of eye banks.

Results:
Of the 101 studies, 34% were in South Asia, 26% were in Europe and Central Asia, and 22% were in East Asia and Pacific. Fifty-six percent of the studies were published in upper-middle to high-income countries. Barriers to corneal donation were a common focus of the studies, and discussions of eye banks or eye banking systems appeared in 75% of the data set. Barriers to corneal donation in these studies were categorized as stemming from perceptions and awareness, family and religious factors, and societal factors.

Conclusions:
The unique nature of eye donation emerged as a significant factor affecting willingness to donate. The interactions with trained donation coordinators are essential for the success of eye banking service delivery, and eye banks remain the proven system for ensuring the availability of corneal tissue for transplant.
Sacrificial of unilateral vertebral artery for fragment removal following vertebral artery injury by air rifle pellet gunshot: A case report
Authors: Mahardika Nandha Pratama , Fatih Naufal Muhammad , Wicaksono Pandu , Ranuh I.G.M. Aswin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis report demonstrates the safety and efficacy of sacrificing a ruptured vertebral artery (VA) due to an air rifle pellet gunshot injury. A 15-year-old male was admitted with a gunshot wound to the neck. He was initially treated at Madiun General Hospital before referral. He exhibited stable vital signs and no neurological deficits. Imaging revealed a pellet in the right transverse foramen of the fifth cervical vertebra, causing a pseudoaneurysm of the right common carotid artery and occlusion followed by rupture of the right VA, with a patent left VA. Open surgery extracted the pellet, and a coil occlusion of the right VA was performed to control bleeding. The case underscores the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and thorough examination in managing complex injuries, highlighting the safety of sacrificing a ruptured unilateral VA.
Temporal Trends and Outcomes of Peripheral Artery Disease and Critical Limb Ischemia in the United States
Authors: Krittanawong Chayakrit , Imoh Kimberly , Ang Song Peng , Qadeer Yusuf Kamran , Virk Hafeez Ul Hassan , Alam Mahboob , Lavie Carl J , Sharma Raman 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a progressive, systemic atherosclerotic disease that is associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), cerebrovascular disease (CVD), and critical limb ischemia (CLI). CLI represents the most severe stage of PAD, characterized by progressive endothelial dysfunction and arterial narrowing. We hypothesized that the incidence of CLI and PAD would increase over the study period and that the rates of in-hospital mortality and major amputations among patients admitted with CLI would rise correspondingly.

Methods:
We utilized the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database from year 2016 to 2021 using the ICD-10-CM codes. Patients with a primary or secondary diagnoses of PAD were initially selected and subsequently hospitalization with CLI were appropriately identified. Cochran Armitage test was used to describe the trend of outcomes across the years. All statistical analyses were conducted using the software Stata version 17.0

Results:
From 2016-2021, there were 2,930,639 admissions for critical limb ischemia. 65% of these patients were over the age of 60 and 35.8% of these patients were women. Most of these individuals were white (64.7%), followed by African Americans (15.8%) and Hispanics (12.6%). In-hospital mortality rates varied by revascularization method, with hybrid revascularization showing the highest rate at 2.6%, followed by endovascular revascularization at 1.8%, and surgical revascularization at 1.6%. Additionally, hospitalization costs were highest for patients undergoing hybrid revascularization ($46,257 ± $36,417), compared to endovascular ($36,924 ± $27,945) and surgical revascularization ($35,672 ± $27,127). Endovascular revascularization rates seemed to increase while surgical revascularization rates decreased during this time period.

Conclusion:
PAD is a progressive, systemic atherosclerotic disease that is associated with an increased risk of CAD, CVD, and CLI. Our data showed that the rates of PAD and CLI hospitalizations has remained relatively stable from 2016-2021, but there seems to be a trend towards doing more revascularization via an endovascular approach as compared to a surgical approach.
ANTERIOR SUBTENON TRIAMCINOLONE INJECTION FOR REFRACTORY MACULAR EDEMA
Authors: Felfeli Tina , Park Megan , Gorfinkel Nathan S. , Shwarzman Robert , Papanikolaou John , Shah Paresh , Kiss Alex , Mandelcorn Efrem D. 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:
To evaluate the effectiveness of anterior subtenon triamcinolone (AST) injections in the management of refractory macular edema.

Methods:
This is a retrospective case series of consecutive eyes with refractory macular edema treated with AST at a single vitreoretinal surgeon's practice at Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada in 2018 to 2023. Refractory was defined as persistent macular edema with a central subfield thickness of 250 µm or greater over a 24-week period, receiving at least four intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor injections. Vision outcomes and optical coherence tomography features for all eyes were compared for three visits pre-AST treatment and two visits post-AST treatment.

Results:
Ninety-three patients (119 eyes); diabetic macular edema (26%), and pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (74%), with a mean follow-up duration of 161 days were included. The presence of subretinal fluid (P = 0.0013), central subfield macular thickness (P < 0.0001), cube average thickness (P = 0.0024), and macular cube volume (P = 0.0017) significantly improved from pre-AST to post-AST treatment. Visual acuity also significantly improved from pre-AST treatment to post-AST treatment (P < 0.0001). There was no significant change in the intraocular pressures from pre-AST to post-AST (P = 0.7920), and no complications were noted throughout the follow-up period.

Conclusion:
The findings from this study suggest that AST injections show modest improvement in anatomical and functional outcomes and are safe for the treatment and management of refractory macular edema.
QUANTIFICATION OF CAPILLARY BLOOD FLOW SPEEDS IN DIABETIC RETINOPATHY USING VARIABLE INTERSCAN TIME ANALYSIS OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY
Authors: Hwang Yunchan , Takahashi Hiroyuki , Won Jungeun , Yaghy Antonio , Marmalidou Anna , Kaiser Stephanie M. , Jamil Muhammad Usman , Baumal Caroline R. , Waheed Nadia K. , Fujimoto James G. 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:
To investigate retinal capillary plexus capillary flow speed and vessel density in diabetic retinopathy and normal subjects using variable interscan time analysis optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Methods:
High speed swept source OCTA imaging using multiple interscan times was performed over a 5 mm × 5 mm field-of-view with 600 kHz A-scan rate. Second-generation variable interscan time analysis OCTA was used to measure a surrogate marker for capillary blood flow speed, variable interscan time analysis flow speed (VFS), in the superficial and intermediate capillary plexusesVFS, and deep capillary plexusVFS. Vessel density was measured using OCTA.

Results:
Fifty-seven eyes with different diabetic retinopathy severity and 37 normal eyes were analyzed. Variable interscan time analysis OCTA provided diverse blood flow speed information, including pseudo-color OCTA and mean flow speed in different regions. Both deep capillary plexusVFS and deep capillary plexusVFS/(superficial and intermediate capillary plexuses)VFS were higher in diabetic retinopathy compared with normal eyes. Elevated deep capillary plexusVFS correlated with decreased deep capillary plexus vessel density in nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Conclusion:
Variable interscan time analysis OCTA can measure a quantitative biomarker for blood flow speed alterations in diabetic retinopathy and normal eyes as well as the association with vessel density in different capillary plexuses. Variable interscan time analysis OCTA is promising for studies of pathogenesis and early flow alterations, which may precede nonperfusion.
Using first-eye early vault to determine implantable collamer lens size for the second eye: retrospective analysis of bilateral phakic intraocular lens implantation
Authors: Li Honglei , Liu Dongle , Zhang Jinyan , Dai Yunhai , Wu Xiaoming 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:
To evaluate the role of first-eye vault after the implantation of implantable collamer lens (ICL) V4c in selecting ICL size for the second eye and analyze the changing characteristics of the vault.

Setting:
Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China.

Design:
Retrospective case series.

Methods:
In this retrospective study, 509 patients (1018 eyes) receiving bilateral ICL V4c implants were evaluated. The surgical management method was as follows: The vault was measured at 2 hours after the first-eye surgery, and we selected ICL size for the second eye based on the vault of the first eye. The bilateral vault was measured and evaluated between different periods of follow-up.

Results:
The rate of ICL realignment or exchange due to abnormal vault was 1.47% (15/1018), with the second eye showing a significantly lower incidence (0.39%) compared with the first eye (2.55%) (P < .01). Patients were categorized into 4 groups based on the vault value obtained at 2 hours postoperatively (baseline). There was significant difference in the value of vault decrease among the 4 groups at 1-day, 1-week, 1-month, and 3-month follow-ups (all P < .01). There was a significant positive correlation between the decrease in the vault and the baseline vault (all P < .01).

Conclusions:
Selecting the ICL size for the second eye based on the first eye's vault measurement 2 hours postoperatively can effectively minimize the need for further surgeries. Notably, eyes with a higher initial vault experienced a more pronounced decrease.
Prenatal and Postnatal Opinions and Experiences of Women With Multiple Sclerosis: A Phenomenological Study
Authors: MORANTE-HERRERA María Magdalena , MARTÍNEZ-LINARES Jose Manuel , LÓPEZ-MEDINA Isabel María 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
Multiple sclerosis is an irreversible autoimmune disease with significant physical, psychological, and social impacts. Understanding the lived experiences of pregnant women with multiple sclerosis is vital for healthcare professionals to provide better care to these women.

Purpose
This study was designed to explore the lived experiences of pregnant women with multiple sclerosis.

Methods
A descriptive phenomenological study was conducted at the University of Jaén and included 17 women from different Spanish provinces who were recruited using intentional and snowball sampling methods via national patient associations and social networks. In-depth interviews were conducted, audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using Martins' three steps. The ATLAS.ti 7.0 program was used for data analysis.

Results
Two themes and seven subthemes were identified that highlighted the experiences of women in pregnancy with multiple sclerosis: (a) the influence of the disease on the decision to be a mother, with subthemes “The disease determines when to be a mother” and “Considering alternatives to spontaneous pregnancy,” and (b) the vision of motherhood with multiple sclerosis, with subthemes “Worry about how the disease can affect the pregnancy,” “Worry about how the pregnancy can affect the disease,” “Concerns about childbirth,” “Difficulty with breastfeeding,” and “Worry about the transmission of the disease.”

Conclusions/Implications for Practice
Women with multiple sclerosis often face a difficult decision regarding whether to become pregnant. The period of pregnancy and puerperium can be fraught with anxiety, especially in terms of concerns about their ability to raise children. In light of the limited scientific evidence regarding the relationship between multiple sclerosis and pregnancy and the conflicting advice often given to these women, the findings of this study may be used to help improve the quality of the care provided to this population.
The Effect of Baby Friendly Neonatal Intensive Care Initiative on Exclusive Breastfeeding Rates following Discharge in Very Preterm Infants
Authors: Karaçağlar N. Bengü , Kadıoğlu Şimşek Gülsüm , Canpolat Fuat Emre , Elbayiyev Sarkhan , Kanmaz Kutman H. Gözde 
Published: September 2024

Aim:
We aimed to investigate the effect of “Baby Friendly NICU” practice on exclusive breastfeeding rates following discharge in very preterm infants.

Background:
The Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) is a global program launched by the World Health Organization (WHO) and UNICEF.

Methods:
The feeding technique, type of nutrition (breastfeeding, formula, mixed) and anthropometric measurements of the very preterm infants (≤32 gestational weeks) were recorded for every month following discharge up to corrected 6 months of age. Exclusive breastfeeding rates were compared between 2 periods before “Baby Friendly NICU” practice (group 1) and after (group 2).

Results:
Data of 252 infants, 135 in group 1 and 117 in group 2 were analyzed. Exclusive formula feeding rates decreased by 6 months age in group 2 (46 vs. 32%, P = .02); however, exclusively breastfeeding rates did not changed significantly (20% vs. 29%, P = .14).

Conclusion:
Baby friendly NICU practices significantly decreased formula feeding rates at 6 months; however, it did not have an effect on exclusive breastfeeding rates at any time point during follow-up probably due to small sample size.
Methotrexate
Authors: Huddleston Edward M. , Saag Kenneth G. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Methotrexate is one of the most frequently used medications for the treatment of rheumatic diseases. Although initially developed for use as chemotherapy for both solid and hematologic malignancies, it was used as early as the 1960s with success for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriatic arthritis, ultimately being approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of RA in 1988. Beyond RA and psoriatic arthritis, methotrexate is used in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus, idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, and other inflammatory conditions. Methotrexate is cytotoxic to the trophoblast and has been used to treat both ectopic pregnancy and gestational trophoblastic neoplasia, leading to studies in the early 1990s that showed it was effective and safe for early abortion in combination with prostaglandin E1 analog misoprostol. Methotrexate is also a teratogen, causing serious birth defects in 6%–10% of patients taking it while pregnant. Additionally, women are more likely to be affected by both RA at SLE, as compared with males, thus worsening the burden of these adverse effects. Both methotrexate's history of use as an abortifacient and its teratogenic properties make its use more complicated in the current era of abortion policy in the United States following the Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization ruling. Recently published data suggest that this ruling has affected both provider perspectives and patient experiences as it relates to methotrexate use. In the post-Dobbs era, the role of the rheumatologist as it relates to patients' sexual and reproductive health is likely to expand.
Mitochondrial oxidation of the carbohydrate fuel driven by pyruvate dehydrogenase robustly enhances stemness of older and geriatric Intestinal Stem Cells
Authors: Ahmed Syed , Awwad Aasem , Eddy Nerise , Weber Garrett , Shahid Zrar , Sethi Zubin , Labampa Jonathan , Murphy Robert , Roth Eric W. , Gustafson Kyle , Shah Hardik , Sundaresan Sinju 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsAging impairs Intestinal Stem Cell (ISC) function and attenuates their regenerative capacity. Although the transcriptional landscape governing ISC fate during aging has been described, almost nothing is known about how metabolite handling regulates ISC renewal and maintains stemness. We investigated how mitochondrial metabolism of glucose and fatty acid-derived carbons, regulated by the gatekeeper, pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) rescues ISC stemness in older and geriatric mice and humans.MethodsProximal small intestinal organoids (enteroids) generated from pinch biopsy specimens obtained from young (21-25y) and older individuals (64-75y), and GFP-sorted single ISCs from Lgr5-EGFP mice (2-24 months) were used to examine hallmarks of ISC stemness. Mitochondrial morphology was evaluated using transmission electron microscopy. Mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR), ATP (mitoATP), and glycolytic ATP production were measured in the presence of full and single metabolic substrates (pyruvate, glutamate, and fatty acids) in whole cell and isolated mitochondria using the high throughput Seahorse XF technology. Carbon flux through TCA cycle was determined by13C6-glucose tracing and measuring13C enrichment in TCA cycle intermediates using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry.ResultsAge induced decline in ISC stemness is driven by a dramatic decrease in PDH activity that shuttles pyruvate away from the TCA cycle. Restoring PDH activity by inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) drives glucose-derived carbon entry into TCA cycle and subsequently increases mitochondrial OCR and mitoATP, collectively rescuing the decline in stemness in aging ISCs. The observed shift in fuel preference from fatty acids to glucose is unaltered by PDK4 inhibition.ConclusionPDH upregulation rescues age-induced decline in ISC stemness in humans and mice via directing glucose derived carbons to TCA cycle and increasing mitoATP production.
Oxidative Phosphorylation Inhibition in Different Prostate Cancer Models and the Interplay with Androgen Receptor Signaling
Authors: Sakellakis Minas , Ramachandran Sumankalai , Jain Priyanshu , Titus Mark A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionIn prostate cancer (PCa), androgen receptor signaling stimulates both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos). Early-stage prostate cancer is particularly reliant on OxPhos for its bioenergetic needs. OxPhos inhibitors have entered clinical trials. Here we investigated their interplay with androgens in different PCa cell lines.MethodsWe investigated the effects on PCa cell viability of an ATPase inhibitor (oligomycin) and a complex 1 inhibitor (IACS-010759) in the presence or absence of low testosterone concentrations in vitro. Both androgen-sensitive and insensitive PCa cell lines were used. The effects were assessed using MTT assay, flow cytometry and cell morphology.ResultsTreatment with oligomycin resulted in massive apoptotic death of VCAP cells in castrate conditions within 48 hours, but the simultaneous addition of low testosterone levels restored VCAP cell viability. However, complex 1 inhibition with IACS-010759 increased cell viability, which was further promoted in the presence of testosterone. Both oligomycin and IACS-010759 dramatically decreased viability in LNCaP cells, while testosterone had a small but statistically non-significant effect. The antitumor effect of OxPhos inhibitors was smaller in LNCaP-C4-2B compared to LNCaP cells. OxPhos inhibitors slightly decreased proliferation rates in androgen-independent PC3 cells and HEK293 cells. Oligomycin on LNCaP-C4-2B and PC3 cells resulted in an increased number of cells in G0-G1 phase and decreased in S-phase and G2M phase, rather than massive apoptosis.ConclusionThere is an interplay between androgen signaling and OxPhos in androgen-dependent PCa cells. Complex 1 inhibitors should be used with caution, given potential pro-tumorigenic effects in subsets of PCa cells.
High diversity ofEscherichia colicausing invasive disease in neonates in Malawi poses challenges for O-antigen based vaccine approach
Authors: Pearse Oliver , Zuza Allan , Tewesa Edith , Siyabuh Patricia , Fraser Alice J , Cornick Jennifer , Kawaza Kondwani , Musicha Patrick , Thomson Nicholas R , Feasey Nicholas A , Heinz Eva 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEscherichia coliis an important cause of neonatal sepsis and the third most prevalent cause of neonatal infection in sub-Saharan Africa, often with negative outcomes. Development of maternally administered vaccines is under consideration, but to provide adequate protection, an understanding of serotypes causing invasive disease in this population is essential. We describe the genomic characteristics of a collection of neonatalE. coliisolates from a tertiary hospital in Blantyre, Malawi, with specific reference to potential protection by vaccines under development. Neonatal blood or cerebrospinal fluid cultures from 2012-2021 identified 205E. coliisolates, and 170 could be recovered for sequencing. There was very high diversity in sequence types, LPS O-antigen-type and fimbrial H-type, which all showed temporal fluctuations and previously undescribed diversity, including ten putative novel O-types. Vaccines in clinical trials target the O-antigen but would only protect against one third (33.7%) of neonatal sepsis cases in this population (EXPEC9V, in clinical trials). An O-antigen based vaccine would require 30 different O-types to protect against 80% of infections. Vaccines against neonatal sepsis in Africa are of considerable potential value, but their development requires larger studies to establish the diversity and stability over time of relevant O-types for this population.Data summaryAll sequencing data is freely available under the sequencing project IDs ERP120687 (short read data; accessions in Supplementary Table 1) and PRJNA1121524 (long-read data; accessions in Supplementary Table 2), detailed per-isolate information is provided in Supplementary Table 3. Blood culture and CSF data used to show the trends and numbers ofE. colicases per year is available in Supplementary Table 4.