bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social venture creation and the influence of commercial ventures
Authors: Kachlami Habib 
Published: December 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to understand how social and commercial ventures interact with each other. It investigates how the entry, exit and prevalence of commercial ventures in a given region can influence the creation of social ventures.Design/methodology/approachMarket failure theory has been used as a framework for analysing the interaction between social and commercial ventures. The results of the theoretical analysis were further empirically examined using a large-scale database covering all 290 municipalities in Sweden from 1990 to 2014 and applying the panel-corrected standard errors method.FindingsThe results of this study, in general, reveal a competition between social and commercial ventures. Its specific results, however, are related to influences that the entry, exit and prevalence of commercial ventures can have on the creation of social ventures. The study’s results reveal that while the entry and prevalence of commercial ventures in a region negatively influence the creation of social ventures, commercial ventures’ exits have a positive influence.Originality/valueWithin social entrepreneurship literature, this is the first study that empirically investigates the influence of commercial ventures’ entry and exit on social venture creation and the second study to investigate the influence of commercial ventures’ prevalence on social venture creation. It is also the first of such studies in the Swedish context. The study is also unique due to the large-scale database it uses.
Trends in hotel pricing
Authors: Castro Conceição , Ferreira Fernanda A. , Ferreira Flávio 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
The aim of this paper is to analyze and compare the effect of different hotel characteristics and room attributes on room rates of hotels in the cities of Lisbon and Porto, the capital and second most important city in Portugal.

Design/methodology/approach
Using the hedonic pricing method, hotel characteristics are decomposed and analyzed, giving us the perception of the impact of each hotel attributes on the room rates and the people’s willingness to pay for this. Ordinary least square regression analysis was applied to the hedonic price model to find which variables could explain differences in the hotel room rates in Lisbon and Porto.

Findings
The results suggest that in Lisbon and in Porto, a number of common characteristics have significant effects on consumer willingness to pay for a stay in a hotel as star rating, consumer rating and the room size. In Porto, the existence of a fitness centre and in Lisbon, the distance to the city centre are also attributes that create a premium in room rates.

Practical implications
The knowledge of the most valued characteristics by consumers is an important tool for hotel managers to define a price strategy. Also important is the knowledge of the attributes that provide more added value for consumers as these should be taken into account in new investment decisions.

Originality/value
This study highlights the implications of the way one defines and measures qualitative hotel characteristics in hedonic pricing. Although the hedonic method has been applied in several studies, to our knowledge, in Portugal, there are few studies applied only to hotel room rates, and there are no studies comparing hotel room rates in different Portuguese cities. Moreover, the research highlights the critical role of a proper definition and measurement of the variables in hedonic pricing in general and the hotel star in particular.
What global trends are challenging tourism organizations and destinations today?
Authors: Costa Jorge , Montenegro Mónica , Gomes João 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
The main aim of this paper is to introduce the articles of this theme issue and explain the pertinence of the strategic question.

Design/methodology/approach
A brief context for the strategic question is provided, as well as the issue alignment and a content analysis of the articles selected.

Findings
The profile of current and future tourists is changing. Travel consumers now want and expect accurate information to guide their choices, and these are increasingly based on quality, experimentation, willingness to undertake active holidays and to travel to sites with diverse and unique tourism products.

Practical implications
Collectively, the articles in this theme issue provide rich insights on key trends impacting the worldwide tourism industry, as well as suggestions on how to explore the opportunities arising from the highly competitive tourism markets. Proposals on scanning the tourism business environment are also presented and their importance discussed and illustrated.

Originality/value
From various angles of analysis, the final articles for this issue explore the trends and issues affecting the tourism industry, as well as approaches to scan the tourism business environment.
“Everyone was wasted”! Insights from adolescents’ alcohol experience narratives
Authors: Knox Kathy , Schmidtke David James , Dietrich Timo , Rundle-Thiele Sharyn 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to examine the socialization of alcohol through a reflective writing task within a social marketing program delivered to adolescents. The aim was to elicit adolescents’ experiences and perceptions of alcohol and investigate cognitions, emotions, attitudes’ and behaviors regarding alcohol.

Design/methodology/approach
This study used a qualitative approach in which 1,214 adolescents aged 14 to 16 years were invited to write a story about an experience that involved alcohol. Data were qualitatively coded, and themes were discerned by an inductive analytic process.

Findings
Adolescents’ perceptions of alcohol were arranged along a continuum from mere description with little analysis to reasoned reflection and cognition. Qualitatively different socializing agents, learning situations, processes and effects of learning were apparent in the narratives. Family roles influenced adolescents’ perceptions and experiences of alcohol.

Research limitations/implications
This study supports the use of narratives and reflective introspection tasks as methods that uncover insights into the socialization of alcohol among adolescents. Findings provide guidance to social marketers and alcohol educators for future program design. By understanding the continuum of developing socializations toward alcohol, social marketers can effectively engage adolescents and design targeted programs involving key social learning variables that shape adolescents’ perceptions and experiences with alcohol.

Originality/value
Narratives provide a research methodology that can bring consumer voice to inform scenarios that can be delivered in future program design.
Like “My Wife and Mother-in-Law”: Mikmak and the need to assign a three-dimensional definition for groups of children-consumers
Authors: Levin David 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to set out to demonstrate the need for an integrated model that was titled, after the famous optical illusion (Hill, 1915), “Like My Wife and Mother-in-Law”, addressing three prevalent definitions of consumers’ communities: subculture, neo-tribe and brand community. It shows how it is only the use made of insights gleaned from all three that can faithfully describe the world of local and global meanings found in a computer game-based consumer community of children.

Design/methodology/approach
The analysis relies on a semiotic analysis of this computer game’s contents as well as on information obtained by a way of ethnography performed among group members, 9-11-year-olds. The combination of methods proves appropriate in tackling this model’s complexity, allowing to describe the interaction offered by the game, and the type of conduct attending it, online as well as offline.

Findings
Like the optical illusion where one can see two images in a single picture, this analysis shows that the participant children demonstrate complex, conflictual attitudes to the website’s effort to market subscriptions and products. Despite the game’s high popularity among children, a tension was identified between developers’ intentions and the game’s nature in practice.

Originality/value
Previous works seek to describe the experience of a given consumer community by opting for one of the three definitions. Unlike this approach, the author intends to show how the three-dimensional model offers a richer view of the consumers’ experience. Communicating this view may also prevent marketing misguided approaches when targeting consumer communities, based on a single-dimensional characterization of audiences.
Ecological outsourcing: a pitcher plant benefits from transferring pre‐digestion of prey to a bat mutualist
Authors: Schöner Caroline R. , Schöner Michael G. , Grafe T. Ulmar , Clarke Charles M. , Dombrowski Linda , Tan Moi Chan , Kerth Gerald 
Published: December 2016

Summary

Mutualisms are interspecific interactions where each of the species involved gains net benefits from the other(s). The exchange of resources and/or services between mutualistic partners often involves tasks that species originally accomplished themselves but which have been taken over by or transferred to the more efficient partner during the evolution of the mutualism. Such ‘ecological outsourcing’ can be seen, for example, in several carnivorous plants that have transferred prey capture and digestion to animal partners. However, the outcome of this transfer and its fitness relevance has rarely been quantified.

Using a digestive mutualism between a carnivorous pitcher plant (Nepenthes hemsleyana) and a bat (Kerivoula hardwickii) as a model, we tested the hypothesis that ecological outsourcing is a profitable strategy for the outsourcing partner. To evaluate the value of this mutualism, we conducted a series of field and glasshouse experiments. We measured the benefits of ecological outsourcing by comparing survival, growth, photosynthesis and nutrient content of N. hemsleyana plants fed with bat faeces to those fed with arthropods. To investigate the costs of such outsourcing processes, we repeated the experiment with the closest relative (Nepenthes rafflesiana) that is not adapted to digest bat faeces.

We found that N. hemsleyana plants fed with faeces had increased survival, growth and photosynthesis compared to plants fed with arthropods only. On average, plants covered 95% of their nitrogen demand from faeces under strong nutrient deprivation. Despite N. rafflesiana's higher arthropod capture rate, faeces covered a large part of this species’ nutrient demand as well, suggesting low costs for outsourcing.

Synthesis. Outsourcing prey capture and digestion to the mutualism partner seems to be a beneficial strategy for N. hemsleyana. It may explain the evolutionary trend of several carnivorous plants to lose their carnivorous traits while increasing their attractiveness to mutualistic partners. On a much broader scale, we propose that ecological outsourcing could be one of the major drivers for the evolution and maintenance of mutualisms.
An ERP Study of Response Inhibition in the Auditory Domain in Children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Gerhold Matthew M. , Jacobson Sandra W. , Jacobson Joseph L. , Molteno Christopher D. , Meintjes Ernesta M. , Andrew Colin M. 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundPrevious event‐related potential (ERP) studies of response inhibition in children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) have used a visual Go/NoGo task to study the impact of prenatal alcohol exposure on response inhibition. No studies exist using auditory versions of the task; thus, it is unclear how the deficits observed in visual tasks translate into the auditory domain.MethodsThis study examined ERPs using an auditory Go/NoGo paradigm in a sample of 35 school‐age children—18 with heavy prenatal alcohol exposure and 17 normally developing controls.ResultsAlcohol‐exposed children performed as well as controls in terms of inhibiting their responses; however, their reaction times were significantly slower under the Go condition. As in the ERP visual Go/NoGo task previously administered to these children, group differences were seen in early perceptual processing, specifically related to stimulus discrimination, with a decrease in P2 amplitude in the alcohol‐exposed group. The control group exhibited greater N2 amplitude in the NoGo compared to the Go condition while the alcohol‐exposed group did not, suggesting a group difference in the neural substrates underlying conflict monitoring. The alcohol‐exposed group demonstrated longer latency P3 with reduced amplitude, suggesting poorer allocation of attention. The alcohol‐exposed group also exhibited a late positive component (LPC) similar to the one observed in the previous visual ERP study. This LPC may indicate compensatory neurophysiological function related to resetting of attentional control networks in preparation for the next trial. None of the ERP outcomes in this study were related to potential confounders which included cognitive and socioeconomic measures as well as ADHD diagnosis.ConclusionsThe observed ERP group differences point to elements of perceptual and attentional processing likely to be involved in the performance deficits often observed in children with FASD. We also observed changes in ERPs related to conflict monitoring/response inhibition, highlighting fetal alcohol‐related effects on how the brain responds when there is need to identify and respond to environmental cues by switching away from a prepotent motor response to an inhibited state.
Long‐term safety of icatibant treatment of patients with angioedema in real‐world clinical practice
Authors: Zanichelli A. , Maurer M. , Aberer W. , Caballero T. , Longhurst H. J. , Bouillet L. , Fabien V. , Andresen I. ,   the IOS Study Group
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe Icatibant Outcome Survey (IOS) is an observational study monitoring safety and effectiveness of icatibant in the real‐world setting. We analyzed safety data from 3025 icatibant‐treated attacks in 557 patients (enrolled between July 2009 and February 2015). Icatibant was generally well tolerated. Excluding off‐label use and pregnancy, 438 patients (78.6%) did not report adverse events (AEs). The remaining 119 (21.4%) patients reported 341 AEs, primarily gastrointestinal disorders (19.6%). Of these, 43 AEs in 17 patients (3.1%) were related to icatibant. Serious AEs (SAEs) occurred infrequently. A total of 143 SAEs occurred in 59 (10.6%) patients; only three events (drug inefficacy, gastritis, and reflux esophagitis) in two patients were considered related to icatibant. Notably, no SAEs related to icatibant occurred in patients with cardiovascular disease, nor in those using icatibant at a frequency above label guidelines. Additionally, no major differences were noted in AEs occurring in on‐label vs off‐label icatibant users.
Targeting granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor in epithelial and vascular remodeling in experimental eosinophilic esophagitis
Authors: McNamee E. N. , Biette K. A. , Hammer J. , Harris R. , Miyazawa H. , Lee J. J. , Furuta G. T. , Masterson J. C. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundEosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic antigen‐mediated clinicopathologic disease of the esophagus characterized by an eosinophil‐predominant inflammatory infiltrate. A clinical hallmark is extensive tissue remodeling including basal zone hyperplasia, fibrosis, and angiogenesis. However, the cellular mechanisms responsible for these processes are not fully defined. We hypothesized that targeting granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF; an agonist cytokine linked with eosinophil survival and activation) would be protective in a preclinical model of EoE.MethodsEosinophilic esophagitis‐like esophageal inflammation was induced in the L2‐IL5OXA EoE mouse model, and GM‐CSF production was assessed by mRNA and protein analyses. Granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor‐receptor‐alpha expression patterns were examined by flow cytometric and immunofluorescence analysis. L2‐IL5OXA EoE mice were treated with anti‐GM‐CSF neutralizing antibody or isotype control and assessed for histopathological indices of eosinophilia, epithelial hyperplasia, and angiogenesis by immunohistochemistry and RT‐PCR.ResultsSignificantly increased levels of esophageal GM‐CSF expression was detected in the L2‐IL5OXA mouse EoE model during active inflammation. Granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor‐receptor‐alpha was predominantly expressed on esophageal eosinophils during EoE, in addition to select cells within the lamina propria. Anti‐GM‐CSF neutralization in L2‐IL5OXA EoE mice resulted in a significant diminution of epithelial eosinophilia in addition to basal cell hyperplasia and vascular remodeling. This treatment response was independent of effects on esophageal eosinophil maturation or activation.ConclusionGranulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor is a potential therapeutic target to reduce esophageal eosinophilia and remodeling.
Repair of groin hernia under local anaesthesia in secondary health facility
Authors: Olaogun Julius G. , Afolayan Jide M. , Areo Peter O. , Ige Joshua T. 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundRepair of groin hernias is the most commonly performed elective procedure by general surgeons worldwide. The techniques of anaesthesia differ among surgeons and vary from one health facility to another. General anaesthesia is much favoured in spite of the lack of anaesthetists in our setting. We aim to determine the feasibility of groin hernia repair under local anaesthesia (LA) with respect to patients’ morbidity, acceptability and satisfaction.MethodNinety‐seven patients with uncomplicated groin hernias treated between July 2012 and June 2015, at the State Specialist Hospital, Ikere‐Ekiti, Nigeria were recruited for the study.ResultsOne hundred and five hernias in 97 patients of American Society of Anesthesiologists categories I–III were successfully repaired under LA. Their ages ranged between 16 and 95 years with a median age of 52. There were 91 (93.8%) males and six (6.2%) females, giving a male to female ratio of 15:1. Most hernias were indirect (81.9%) and inguinoscrotal (65.7%) type. Nylon darn and modified Bassini were surgical techniques of repair in 60.9 and 36.2%, respectively. The mean operating time was 51.1 ± 11.2 min. Two patients (1.9%) developed scrotal haematoma while a patient each (1%) developed superficial surgical site infection and scrotal burns. Ninety (92.8%) patients were satisfied with anaesthesia technique. The mean follow‐up was 8.9 ± 4.1 months and there was no recurrence.ConclusionGroin hernia repair under LA is safe, feasible with high patient's satisfaction and would be the most ideal technique in our local setting where anaesthetists are not readily available.
Danshen‐Enhanced Cardioprotective Effect of Cardioplegia on Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in a Human‐Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell‐Derived Cardiomyocytes Model
Authors: Wei Wei , Liu Yiwei , Zhang Qiang , Wang Yangming , Zhang Xiaoling , Zhang Hao 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMyocardial ischemia‐reperfusion (I/R) injury is unavoidable during cardioplegic arrest and open‐heart surgery. Danshen is one of the most popular traditional herbal medicines in China, which has entered the Food and Drug Administration‐approved phase III clinical trial. This study was aimed to develop a human‐induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC‐CMs) model to mimic I/R injury and evaluate the cardioprotective effect of regular cardioplegic solution with Danshen. hiPSC‐CMs were cultured with the crystalloid cardioplegic solution (Thomas group) and Thomas solution with 2 or 10 µg/mL Danshen (Thomas plus Danshen groups). The cells under normoxic culture condition served as baseline group. Then, the cells were placed in a modular incubator chamber. After 45 min hypoxia and 3 h reoxygenation, hiPSC‐CMs subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation resulted in a sharp increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) content in Thomas group versus baseline group. Compared with the Thomas group, ROS accumulation was significant suppressed in Thomas plus Danshen groups, which might result from elevating the content of glutathione and enhanced activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. The enhanced L‐type Ca2+ current in hiPSC‐CMs after I/R injury was also significantly decreased by Danshen, and meanwhile intracellular Ca2+ level was reduced and calcium overload was suppressed. Thomas plus Danshen groups also presented less irregular transients and lower apoptosis rates. As a result, Danshen could improve antioxidant and calcium handling in cardiomyocytes during I/R and lead to reduced arrhythmia events and apoptosis rates. hiPSC‐CMs model offered a platform for the future translational study of the cardioplegia.
Assessing Quantile Prediction with Censored Quantile Regression Models
Authors: Li Ruosha , Peng Limin 
Published: December 2016

Summary
An important goal of censored quantile regression is to provide reliable predictions of survival quantiles, which are often reported in practice to offer robust and comprehensive biomedical summaries. However, formal methods for evaluating and comparing working quantile regression models in terms of their performance in predicting survival quantiles have been lacking, especially when the working models are subject to model mis-specification. In this article, we proposes a sensible and rigorous framework to fill in this gap. We introduce and justify a predictive performance measure defined based on the check loss function. We derive estimators of the proposed predictive performance measure and study their distributional properties and the corresponding inference procedures. More importantly, we develop model comparison procedures that enable thorough evaluations of model predictive performance among nested or non-nested models. Our proposals properly accommodate random censoring to the survival outcome and the realistic complication of model mis-specification, and thus are generally applicable. Extensive simulations and a real data example demonstrate satisfactory performances of the proposed methods in real life settings.
Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 polymorphisms and postexercise hypotension in hypertensive medicated individuals
Authors: Goessler Karla F. , Polito Marcos D. , Mota Gloria de F. , de Oliveira Edilamar M. , Cornelissen Véronique A. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryThe renin‐angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) is associated with diverse physiological responses and adaptations to exercise. The angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) 2 has vasodilatory effects, which might be associated with the blood pressure (BP) responses to acute exercise. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of ACE2 polymorphisms in postexercise hypotension (PEH). Thirty‐four medicated hypertensive (61·3 ± 1·7 years, 76·1 ± 2·7 kg, 160 ± 1·6 cm) men (n = 12) and women (n = 22), participated in a control and a moderate intensity exercise session in a randomized order. After both experimental sessions, they left the laboratory wearing an ambulatory BP device for 24‐h monitoring. ACE2 polymorphisms (Int‐1 and Int‐3) were assessed by polymerase chain reaction. Over the course of 5‐h monitoring, we observed a significant reduction in SBP and DBP following exercise in the AA/AG of the Int‐1 polymorphism (p‐interaction = 0·02 and 0·001, respectively), whereas this could not be found in the individuals homozygous G (p‐interaction = 0·76 and 0·51, respectively). With regard to Int‐3 polymorphism, individuals AA/AG showed a significant reduction in SBP following exercise (p‐interaction <0·0001) but not for DBP (p‐interaction = 0·06) whereas GG individuals showed only a significant reduction in DBP following exercise (p‐interaction = 0·02). Our results suggest that ACE2 polymorphism could affect PEH; however, larger trials are needed to confirm our findings.