bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insights into the Future of Young Professionals in the Irrigation and Drainage Sector: Outcomes from the Discussion on the ICID YP e‐Forum
Authors: Mersha Adey Nigatu , Turunen Mika , Heuvel Kathleen 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe young generation of irrigation and drainage (I&D) sector professionals has an important role in ensuring sustainable and sufficient food production in the future. Currently, global food security faces challenges such as population growth, climate change and socio‐economic problems. Simultaneously, the interest of the young generation in agricultural water management is decreasing. The aim of this paper is to provide insight into the future and perspectives of the young professionals (YPs) by summarizing the key outcomes of discussions with YPs from the I&D sector from all continents. The discussions suggest that to ensure the availability of qualified professionals for the inherently multidisciplinary challenges of the future, opportunities for good quality education are necessary. Furthermore, the sector does not attract enough YPs towards education and careers in I&D. It is believed that adaptation of technology may improve the image of the sector and help showcase the innovative, challenging and rewarding opportunities that exist in the sector. Empowerment of women in the sector is seen to have a very high potential in capacity building. The discussions led to valuable conclusions on the role, challenges and future of women in the I&D sector. Education, research and innovation are seen as a necessity to ensure the availability of qualified experts to lead the industry into the future. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of Deficit Irrigation on Yield and Fruit Quality of Orange Trees (Citrus Sinensis, L. Osbeck, CV. Meski Maltaise) in Southern Tunisia
Authors: Nagaz K. , El Mokh F. , Ben Hassen N. , Masmoudi M.M. , Ben Mechlia N. , Baba Sy M.O. , Belkheiri O. , Ghiglieri G. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAn experiment on deficit irrigation of orange trees (Citrus sinensis, L. Osbeck, cv. Meski Maltaise) with saline water (1.5 g l‐1) was conducted in the arid region of Medenine, Tunisia. Four irrigation treatments were applied: full irrigation (FI), irrigated at 100% of the crop evapotranspiration; deficit irrigation (DI75) and (DI50), which received respectively 25 and 50% less water than FI; and the farmer's method (FM). Soil water content and salinity were monitored during the orange active period. Yield and fruit quality were measured at harvest and used to analyse water productivity (WP) and net income. Results show a decrease in soil salinity between the spring and winter seasons with maximum values observed for the DI50 treatment. Maximum yield levels were obtained under the FI treatment (26.6 t ha−1). Applying continuous deficit irrigation resulted in 24 and 45% yield reduction respectively for DI75 and DI50, compared to FI. Fruit‐quality parameters showed significant differences, with higher levels of total soluble solids for DI50 and better fruit weight for FI and FM. For total water supplies between 415 and 786 mm, WP was in the range 2.9–3.6 kg m‐3, with the highest values observed for the DI50 treatment and the lowest for FM. The soil water balance‐based irrigation method (FI) generated the greatest net income and the lowest soil salinization. Reduction in water supply produced an equivalent reduction in yield but a much stronger decrease in the economic return: using the DI75 strategy resulted in 25% water saving, 24% reduction in yield and 40% reduction in net income. Copyright © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification issues in the public/private wage gap, with an application to Italy
Authors: Depalo Domenico 
Published: December 2017

SummaryThis paper reviews some of the standard assumptions that are imposed in order to estimate the average public/private wage gap and that are mainly related to the possible selection of the sector. There are two contributions to the existing public/private wage gap literature. One is a better understanding of the identified parameters: standard estimators identify a local effect (LATE), which in general cannot be generalized to the entire population, as instead is almost always done. The other is the partial identification of the population average treatment effect, with an instrumental variable. To the best of my knowledge, this is the first paper in this literature that employs bounds. The technique is applied to male workers in Italy. For compliers, LATE estimates a wage advantage from working in the public sector greater than 30%. This return is within the narrowest bounds on the population average treatment effect that are consistent even with a much smaller gap (about 15% or more).
Biomimetic electrospun coatings increase the in vivo sensitivity of implantable glucose biosensors
Authors: Burugapalli Krishna , Wijesuriya Shavini , Wang Ning , Song Wenhui 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn vivo tissue responses and functional efficacy of electrospun membranes based on polyurethane (PU) and gelatin (GE) as biomimetic coatings for implantable glucose biosensors was investigated in a rat subcutaneous implantation model. Three electrospun membranes with optimized fiber diameters, pore sizes, and permeability, both single PU and coaxial PU‐GE fibers and a solvent cast PU film were implanted in rats to evaluate tissue responses. For functional efficacy testing, four sensor variants coated with the above mentioned electrospun membranes as mass‐transport limiting and outermost biomimetic coatings were implanted in rats. The electrospun PU membranes had micron sized pores that were not permeable to host cells when implanted in the body. However, PU‐GE coaxial fiber membranes, having similar sized pores, were infiltrated with fibroblasts that deposited collagen in the membrane's pores. Such tissue response prevented the formation of dense fibrous capsule around the sensor coated with the PU‐GE coaxial fiber membranes, which helped improve the in vivo sensitivity for at least 3 weeks compared to the traditional sensors in rat subcutaneous tissue. Furthermore, the better in vitro sensor's sensitivity due to electrospun PU as the mass‐transport limiting membrane translated to better in vivo sensitivity. Thus, this study showed that electrospun membranes can play an important role in realizing long in vivo sensing lifetime of implantable glucose biosensors. © 2017 The Authors Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 1072–1081, 2018.
Wool‐derived keratin hydrogel enhances implant osseointegration in cancellous bone
Authors: Duncan Warwick J. , Greer Philippa F. C. , Lee Min‐Ho , Loch Carolina , Gay Jennifer H. A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAimThis study investigated whether a keratin hydrogel derived from wool enhances ossointegration of dental implants, using a cancellous bone model in sheep.MethodTen female sheep received one dental implant per hind leg in the distal femoral condyles. Test implants were coated with 1 mL of keratin hydrogel containing sulphonated keratin and hydroxyapatite; control implants remained uncoated; implants were not functionally loaded axially. Biomechanical stability was tested with resonance frequency analysis (RFA) at placement and euthanasia. Animals were sacrificed after 4 weeks and resin‐embedded histomorphometry performed.Findings: Bone appeared denser and more mature around the keratin‐treated test implants. Average % bone–implant contact was significantly increased for the test (58.1 ± 4.6 [SD]%) compared to control implants (34.4 ± 7.5%) (p = 0.01). RFA values were lower for control (76.5 ± 4.2 ISQ) than test implants (80.4 ± 1.4) after 4 weeks (p = 0.04).Conclusionthe increase in osseointegration found in this model suggests that keratin hydrogel has the potential to enhance the successful osseointegration of dental implants placed into poor quality bone. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 2447–2454, 2018.
MicroRNA‐222‐3p associated with Helicobacter pylori targets HIPK2 to promote cell proliferation, invasion, and inhibits apoptosis in gastric cancer
Authors: Tan Xiaoyan , Tang Haiying , Bi Jian , Li Na , Jia Yujie 
Published: December 2017

AbstractGastric cancer ranks as the second leading cause of malignancy‐related death worldwide, and always diagnosed at advanced stage. MicroRNA‐222‐3p (miR‐222‐3p) is aberrantly upregulated in various malignant tumors including gastric cancer, but its role and underlying molecular mechanisms in gastric cancer remain largely unknown. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection acts as a trigger in the development of gastric cancer, and increasing evidence suggests that H. pylori affects microRNA expression. In this study, gastric cancer tissue samples were divided into H. pylori positive group (+) and negative group (−). QRT‐PCR showed that miR‐222‐3p was significantly upregulated in H. pylori (+) group compared with H. pylori (−) group, and luciferase reporter assays identified homeodomain‐interacting protein kinase 2 (HIPK2) as a novel target of miR‐222‐3p in gastric cancer. Immunohistochemistry revealed that HIPK2 levels were decreased in H. pylori (+) group compared with H. pylori (−). After that, functional experiments indicated that miR‐222‐3p overexpression promoted the proliferation and invasion, while inhibiting apoptosis of SGC7901 gastric cancer cells, but miR‐222‐3p knockdown exhibited the opposite effects. Also, HIPK2 knockdown induced similar effects as miR‐222‐3p overexpression in SGC7901 cells. Nude mouse experiments further suggested that HIPK2 overexpression signally attenuated the enhancing effect of miR‐222‐3p overexpression on cell proliferation, indicating that the effect of miR‐222‐3p on gastric cancer progression depends on HIPK2, at least in part. Overall, our results demonstrated that miR‐222‐3p/HIPK2 signal pathway regulated gastric cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion, provided a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of gastric cancer infected by H. pylori.
A network meta‐analysis on the short‐term efficacy and adverse events of different anti‐osteoporosis drugs for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis
Authors: Liu Gui‐Feng , Wang Zong‐Qiang , Liu Lin , Zhang Bu‐Tian , Miao Ying‐Ying , Yu Shao‐Nan 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA network meta‐analysis was conducted to compare the short‐term efficacy and adverse events of different drugs for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO), providing a more effective treatment for PMO. We initially searched through various databases like PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE from inception till October 2016. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of drugs for the treatment of PMO were included for direct and indirect comparison. A combination of direct and indirect evidence of different inhibitors of anti‐diabetic drugs for treatment of PMO were considered for calculating the weighted mean difference (WMD) value or odd ratio (OR) value and to draw surface under the cumulative ranking (SUCRA) curves. Twenty‐seven RCTs were ultimately incorporated into this network meta‐analysis comprising of 48 200 patients suffering from PMO. The network meta‐analysis revealed that compared with placebo, alendronate had better efficacy on improving bone mineral density (BMD) at lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total hip. Risedronate and raloxifene had relatively lower incidence of new vertebral fractures. The SUCRA analysis showed that alendronate had better efficacy on improving BMD, risedronate could significantly decrease the incidence of fresh fracture and bazedoxifene was relatively safe. The available evidence suggested that alendronate and risedronate might be the superior choices for the treatment of PMO, while bazedoxifene was a comparatively safer option for patients.
Long TE STEAM and PRESS for estimating fat olefinic/methyl ratios and relative ω‐3 fat content at 3T
Authors: Fallone Clara J. , McKay Ryan T. , Yahya Atiyah 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundFat olefinic/methyl ratios provide a measure of fat unsaturation. The methyl resonance linewidth is altered with the presence of ω‐3 fat.PurposeTo optimize stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM) and point resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) echo times (TE) at 3T to 1) improve olefinic/methyl ratios and 2) enable relative ω‐3 fat content assessment.Study TypeTechnical development on phantoms and healthy volunteers.PopulationNine edible oils and four healthy volunteers (tibial bone marrow).Field Strength/SequenceSTEAM (mixing time = 20 msec) and PRESS sequences at 3T. High‐resolution oil spectra at 16.5T.Assessment3T STEAM and PRESS olefinic/methyl ratios as a function of TE were compared to 16.5T measures for the oils, and to a literature‐deduced value for tibial bone marrow. Oil methyl linewidths were calculated at each TE to investigate correlation with expected ω‐3 fatty acid content.Statistical TestsPercent differences were calculated between oil olefinic/methyl ratios obtained at 3T and 16.5T. Linear regression R2 values measured correlation of methyl linewidth to ω‐3 content.ResultsSTEAM, TE = 120 msec, resulted in average oil olefinic/methyl ratios that differ by about –4.8% compared to high‐resolution ratios. Tibial bone marrow olefinic/methyl ratios differ by –1.8% compared with literature‐obtained ratios. PRESS, TE = 180 msec, resulted in oil ratios that differ by 7.8% and tibial bone marrow ratios that differ by 0.2%. A TE of 160 msec for both STEAM and PRESS enabled relative levels of oil ω‐3 fatty acid content to be estimated (R2 values ≥0.9).Data ConclusionSTEAM, TE = 120 msec (mixing time = 20 msec), and PRESS, TE = 180 msec, optimally estimated olefinic/methyl ratios. STEAM and PRESS, TE = 160 msec, enable relative oil ω‐3 fatty acid estimation from methyl linewidths.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy Stage 1J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017.
Canine hip dysplasia: A natural animal model for human developmental dysplasia of the hip
Authors: Pascual‐Garrido Cecilia , Guilak Farshid , Rai M. Farooq , Harris Michael D. , Lopez Mandi J. , Todhunter Rory J. , Clohisy John C. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTDevelopmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in humans is a common condition that is associated with hip pain, functional limitations, and secondary osteoarthritis (OA). Surgical treatment of DDH has improved in the last decade, allowing excellent outcomes at short‐ and mid‐term follow‐up. Still, the etiology, mechanobiology, and pathology underlying this disease are not well understood. A pre‐clinical animal model of DDH could help advance the field with a deeper understanding of specific pathways that initiate hip joint degeneration secondary to abnormal biomechanics. An animal model would also facilitate different interventional treatments that could be tested in a rigorous and controlled environment. The dog model exhibits several important characteristics that make it valuable as a pre‐clinical animal model for human DDH. Dogs are naturally prone to develop canine hip dysplasia (CHD), which is treated in a similar manner as in humans. Comparable to human DDH, CHD is considered a pre‐OA disease; if left untreated it will progress to OA. However, progression to OA is significantly faster in dogs than humans, with progression to OA within 1–2 years of age, associated with their shorter life span compared to humans. Animal studies could potentially reveal the underlying biochemical pathway(s), which can inform refined treatment modalities and provide opportunities for new treatment and prevention targets. Herein, we review the similarities and differences between the two species and outline the argument supporting CHD as an appropriate pre‐clinical model of human DDH. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:1807–1817, 2018.
RNA sequencing identifies gene regulatory networks controlling extracellular matrix synthesis in intervertebral disk tissues
Authors: Riester Scott M. , Lin Yang , Wang Wei , Cong Lin , Mohamed Ali Abdel‐Moneim , Peck Sun H. , Smith Lachlan J. , Currier Bradford L. , Clark Michelle , Huddleston Paul , Krauss William , Yaszemski Michael J. , Morrey Mark E. , Abdel Matthew P. , Bydon Mohamad , Qu Wenchun , Larson Annalise N. , van Wijnen Andre J. , Nassr Ahmad 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTDegenerative disk disease of the spine is a major cause of back pain and disability. Optimization of regenerative medical therapies for degenerative disk disease requires a deep mechanistic understanding of the factors controlling the structural integrity of spinal tissues. In this investigation, we sought to identify candidate regulatory genes controlling extracellular matrix synthesis in spinal tissues. To achieve this goal we performed high throughput next generation RNA sequencing on 39 annulus fibrosus and 21 nucleus pulposus human tissue samples. Specimens were collected from patients undergoing surgical discectomy for the treatment of degenerative disk disease. Our studies identified associations between extracellular matrix genes, growth factors, and other important regulatory molecules. The fibrous matrix characteristic of annulus fibrosus was associated with expression of the growth factors platelet derived growth factor beta (PDGFB), vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGFC), and fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9). Additionally we observed high expression of multiple signaling proteins involved in the NOTCH and WNT signaling cascades. Nucleus pulposus extracellular matrix related genes were associated with the expression of numerous diffusible growth factors largely associated with the transforming growth signaling cascade, including transforming factor alpha (TGFA), inhibin alpha (INHA), inhibin beta A (INHBA), bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP2, BMP6), and others. Clinical significance: this investigation provides important data on extracellular matrix gene regulatory networks in disk tissues. This information can be used to optimize pharmacologic, stem cell, and tissue engineering strategies for regeneration of the intervertebral disk and the treatment of back pain. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:1356–1369, 2018.
Sea ice, ice‐rafting, and ocean climate across Denmark Strait during rapid deglaciation (∼16–12 cal ka BP) of the Iceland and East Greenland shelves
Authors: Andrews J. T. , Cabedo‐Sanz P. , Jennings A. E. , Ólafsdóttir S. , Belt S. T. , Geirsdóttir Á. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTA suite of cores from the North‐West Iceland and East Greenland shelves sampled fossiliferous or unfossiliferous basal glacial diamictons. Radiocarbon dates above the diamictons are similar on both shelves, but the value of the ocean reservoir correction, ΔR, is unknown. Deglaciation occurred either ∼16 or 14 cal ka BP depending on the choice of ΔR. The ice sheets were behind the present coastline by 12.2 cal ka BP. We examine seven cores that record the glacial/deglacial transition and present new data on the sea‐ice biomarkers IP25 and C25:2 from four of the cores plus data on ice‐rafted debris counts, grain‐size spectra, δ18O on the near‐surface planktonic foraminifera Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (s), foraminifera assemblages, and quartz percentage. IP25 concentrations are markedly higher for the East Greenland sites, while they are frequently below the limit of quantification off Iceland, observations that parallel the wt% quartz in the sediments. The δ18O N. pachyderma (s) data show a strong gradient across Denmark Strait with lighter δ18O values towards the East Greenland shelf indicative of a large freshwater flux. The presence of the chilled Atlantic Water benthic foraminifera, Cassidulina neoteretis indicates that rapid ice sheet retreat was associated with ocean forcing, combined with other factors.
Immunohistologic analysis of spontaneous recurrent laryngeal nerve reinnervation in a rat model
Authors: Rosko Andrew J. , Kupfer Robbi A. , Oh Sang S. , Haring Catherine T. , Feldman Eva L. , Hogikyan Norman D. 
Published: December 2017

ObjectiveAfter recurrent laryngeal nerve injury (RLN), spontaneous reinnervation of the larynx occurs with input from multiple sources. The purpose of this study was to determine the timing and efficiency of reinnervation across a resected RLN segment in a rat model of RLN injury.Study DesignAnimal study.MethodsTwelve male 60‐day‐old Sprague Dawley rats underwent resection of a 5‐mm segment of the right RLN. Rats were sacrificed at 1, 2, 4, and 12 weeks after nerve injury to harvest the larynx and trachea for immunohistologic analysis. The distal RLN segment was stained with neurofilament, and axons were counted and compared to the nonoperated side. Thyroarytenoid (TA) muscles were stained with alpha‐bungarotoxin, synaptophysin, and neurofilament to identify intact neuromuscular junctions (NMJ). The number of intact NMJs from the denervated side was compared to the nonoperated side.ResultsNerve fibers regenerated across the resected RLN gap into the distal recurrent laryngeal nerve to innervate the TA muscle. The number of nerve fibers in the distal nerve segment increased over time and reached the normal number by 12 weeks postdenervation. Axons formed intact neuromuscular junctions in the TA, with 48.8% ± 16.7% of the normal number of intact NMJs at 4 weeks and 88.3% ± 30.1% of the normal number by 12 weeks.ConclusionFollowing resection of an RLN segment in a rat model, nerve fibers spontaneously regenerate through the distal segment of the transected nerve and form intact NMJs in order to reinnervate the TA muscle.Level of EvidenceNA. Laryngoscope, 128:E117–E122, 2018
When Maxillary Sinusitis Does Not Heal: Findings on CBCT Scans of the Sinuses With a Particular Focus on the Occurrence of Odontogenic Causes of Maxillary Sinusitis
Authors: Vestin Fredriksson Malin , Öhman Anders , Flygare Lennart , Tano Krister 
Published: December 2017

ObjectivesThis study sought to investigate the proportion of patients with suspected sinusitis referred for radiological examination who have radiologically verified sinusitis of odontogenic origin and to describe this type of sinusitis.Study DesignThis investigation is a retrospective study.MethodsA total of 303 sinus examinations involving cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) performed at Sunderby Hospital, Luleå, Sweden in 2012 were independently reviewed by two radiologists. The number of cases of maxillary sinusitis and the correlation between maxillary sinusitis and odontogenic infections were determined.ResultsOverall, 24% of the verified cases of sinusitis were odontogenic. An odontogenic origin was identified in 40% of unilateral maxillary sinusitis cases but only 6% of bilateral maxillary sinusitis cases (p = 0.0015). Forty‐nine out of 54 patients with periapical destruction had adjacent mucosal swelling in the maxillary sinus, but only 15 of these patients satisfied the criteria for sinusitis.ConclusionThe present study confirms the close relationship between odontogenic infections and unilateral maxillary sinusitis.Level of Evidence 4