bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in Opioid-related Inpatient Stays Shifted After the US Transitioned to ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Coding in 2015
Authors: Heslin Kevin C. , Owens Pamela L. , Karaca Zeynal , Barrett Marguerite L. , Moore Brian J. , Elixhauser Anne 
Published: September 2017

Background:
Trend analyses of opioid-related inpatient stays depend on the availability of comparable data over time. In October 2015, the US transitioned diagnosis coding from International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) to ICD-10-CM, increasing from ∼14,000 to 68,000 codes. This study examines how trend analyses of inpatient stays involving opioid diagnoses were affected by the transition to ICD-10-CM.

Subjects:
Data are from Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient Databases for 14 states in 2015−2016, representing 26% of acute care inpatient discharges in the US.

Study Design:
We examined changes in the number of opioid-related stays before, during, and after the transition to ICD-10-CM using quarterly ICD-9-CM data from 2015 and quarterly ICD-10-CM data from the fourth quarter of 2015 and the first 3 quarters of 2016.

Results:
Overall, stays involving any opioid-related diagnosis increased by 14.1% during the ICD transition—which was preceded by a much lower 5.0% average quarterly increase before the transition and followed by a 3.5% average increase after the transition. In stratified analysis, stays involving adverse effects of opioids in therapeutic use showed the largest increase (63.2%) during the transition, whereas stays involving abuse and poisoning diagnoses decreased by 21.1% and 12.4%, respectively.

Conclusions:
The sharp increase in opioid-related stays overall during the transition to ICD-10-CM may indicate that the new classification system is capturing stays that were missed by ICD-9-CM data. Estimates of stays involving other diagnoses may also be affected, and analysts should assess potential discontinuities in trends across the ICD transition.
A Survey of Glucocorticoid Adverse Effects and Benefits in Rheumatic Diseases
Authors: Black Rachel J. , Goodman Susan M. , Ruediger Carlee , Lester Susan , Mackie Sarah L. , Hill Catherine L. 
Published: September 2017

Objective
The aim of this study was to explore, from the patient's perspective, the beneficial and adverse effects (AEs) of glucocorticoids (GCs) in patients with rheumatic diseases, to be used in the development of a patient-reported outcome measure.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey, capturing benefits and AEs of GC use, was administered to 2 groups of patients: (1) those attending a tertiary rheumatology clinic with various rheumatic diseases who had used GCs within the past year and (2) patients from the Hospital for Special Surgery rheumatoid arthritis database.

Results
Cohort 1 had 55 GC users, and cohort 2 had 95 GC users and 29 nonusers. The majority of GC users in both cohorts reported at least 1 AE (100%, 86%). The AE prevalence per person was 50% higher in cohort 1 compared with GC users in cohort 2 (7.7 vs. 5.3; AE ratio, 1.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.3–1.7) and 2-fold greater in cohort 2 GC users compared with GC nonusers (5.3 vs. 2.6; AE ratio, 2.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.6–2.6). In both cohorts, AEs identified as “worst” by GC users included skin thinning/easy bruising, sleep disturbance, mood disturbance, and change in facial shape. Most felt GCs helped their disease “a lot” (78%/62%) and that the benefits were greater than the AEs (55%/64%). Many AEs were more frequent in GC users than in nonusers.

Conclusions
Patients receiving GC therapy for rheumatic conditions report a large number of AEs and those that have the greatest life impact are often difficult for physicians to measure. These results will inform the development of a patient-reported outcome measure to capture the effects of GCs from the patient's perspective.
Acceptability and Practicality of the Turkish Translation of Pediatric Gait Arm Legs and Spine in Turkish Children
Authors: Batu Ezgi Deniz , Keniş Coşkun Özge , Sönmez Hafize Emine , Karali Duygu , Arslanoğlu Aydin Elif , Bilginer Yelda , Karadağ Saygi Evrim , Özen Seza 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Background
The pediatric Gait, Arms, Leg, and Spine (pGALS) is a practical questionnaire for musculoskeletal (MSK) system evaluation in school-age children.

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the acceptability/practicality of pGALS Turkish translation in Turkey (cross-sectional study).

Methods
The Turkish translation of pGALS was administered to children (4–18 years) who attended to the Pediatric Emergency Department of Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey, and the outpatient clinic of the Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Department of Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey, during 1 month in 2016. The demographics, complaints, final diagnoses, and pGALS parameters were noted. The acceptability of pGALS was evaluated using visual analog scale.

Results
Ninety-five patients (median age, 108 months; male/female, 1.1) were enrolled. Sixteen patients (16.8%) had MSK diagnosis, whereas 79 (83.2%) had non-MSK diagnoses. Musculoskeletal diagnoses were as follows: scoliosis (n = 4), metatarsus adductus (n = 4), soft tissue injury (n = 3), lumber disk herniation (n = 2), muscle spasm (n = 1), Achilles tendinitis (n = 1), and tibia torsion (n = 1). The sensitivity was 64.7%, and specificity was 89.7% for positive response to 1 or more pGALS screening questions to detect abnormal pGALS. The most sensitive question was pain question. The most common abnormal pGALS components were spine and posture. The sensitivity and specificity of pGALS for detecting MSK diagnosis were 93.7% and 97.4%, respectively. The median duration of pGALS examination was 4 minutes. Most patients/parents found the duration acceptable (94.7%/97.9%, respectively) and reported that pGALS caused little/no discomfort (97.9%/96.8%, respectively).

Conclusion
This is the first study showing the Turkish version of pGALS as a valid, acceptable, and practical screening test in Turkey.
Peripheral Bacterial Septic Arthritis
Authors: Hassan Ahmed S. , Rao Allison , Manadan Augustine M. , Block Joel A. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Septic arthritis refers to an infection in a joint due to a bacterial, mycobacterial, or fungal cause. Joint infections are a serious cause of morbidity and mortality and constitute a true musculoskeletal emergency. The estimated incidence of septic arthritis in the general population is between 2 and 6 cases per 100,000 people per year. The most common presentation is an acute monoarthritis. Identification of organisms in the synovial fluid is the criterion standard for diagnosis. Synovial fluid aspiration should be performed prior to initiating antibiotics. While no diagnostic cutoff exists for synovial fluid white blood cell count, increasing leukocytosis is associated with a higher likelihood of an infectious cause of arthritis, and patients commonly present with values greater than 50,000/μL. The cornerstones of treating septic bacterial arthritis are adequate drainage and antimicrobials. Joint drainage is always recommended in septic arthritis; however, no clear guidelines or strong evidence exist to guide the preferred method of drainage. Options for joint drainage include daily needle aspiration, arthroscopy, or open surgical drainage via arthrotomy.
Peripheral Muscle Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Variables are Altered Early in Septic Shock
Authors: Orbegozo Diego , Su Fuhong , Xie Keliang , Rahmania Lokmane , Taccone Fabio Silvio , De Backer Daniel , Vincent Jean-Louis , Creteur Jacques 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

Background:
Noninvasive evaluation of muscle perfusion using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) coupled with a vascular occlusion test (VOT) may provide an early and simple marker of altered perfusion and microcirculatory function in sepsis.

Objective:
The aim of the study was to compare the time-course of NIRS-derived variables with systemic measures of perfusion in an experimental model of peritonitis.

Methods:
Peritonitis was induced in eight anesthetized, mechanically ventilated, adult sheep (24–34 kg), by injecting autologous feces into the peritoneal cavity. Animals were followed until death or for a maximum of 30 h. Muscle tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) was determined using NIRS on the right posterior leg and arterial VOTs were performed by intermittent intra-aortic balloon inflation. Microdialysis was used to measure muscle lactate and pyruvate levels.

Results:
Muscle StO2 was significantly lower than baseline values from 8 h after sepsis induction, but with considerable intersubject variability. The NIRS VOT ascending (Asc) slope decreased to values <120%/min in most animals from 12 h after sepsis induction. Muscle lactate/pyruvate ratios were higher than baseline from 16 h after sepsis induction. Mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) decreased to <70% and blood lactate levels increased to >2 mmol/L in most of the animals only 24 and 28 h after sepsis induction, respectively. Muscle NIRS StO2 correlated strongly with femoral venous oxygen saturation (r = 0.820) and moderately with SvO2 (r = 0.436).

Conclusions:
The muscle NIRS Asc slope after a VOT is altered earlier than global markers of tissue hypoperfusion during sepsis. This simple noninvasive test can detect early changes in peripheral perfusion in sepsis.
An ‘invisible’ ubiquitin conformation is required for efficient phosphorylation by PINK1
Authors: Gladkova Christina , Schubert Alexander F. , Wagstaff Jane L. , Pruneda Jonathan N. , Freund Stefan M.V. , Komander David 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTThe Ser/Thr protein kinase PINK1 phosphorylates the well-folded, globular protein ubiquitin (Ub) at a relatively protected site, Ser65. We had previously shown that Ser65-phosphorylation results in a conformational change, in which Ub adopts a dynamic equilibrium between the known, common Ub conformation and a distinct, second conformation in which the last β-strand is retracted to extend the Ser65 loop and shorten the C-terminal tail. We here show using Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST) NMR experiments, that a similar, C-terminally retracted (Ub-CR) conformation exists in wild-type Ub. Ub point mutations in the moving β5-strand and in neighbouring strands shift the Ub/Ub-CR equilibrium. This enabled functional studies of the two states, and we show that the Ub-CR conformation binds to the PINK1 kinase domain through its extended Ser65 loop and is a superior PINK1 substrate. Together our data suggest that PINK1 utilises a lowly populated yet more suitable Ub-CR conformation of Ub for efficient phosphorylation. Our findings could be relevant for many kinases that phosphorylate residues in folded proteins or domains.
The ERA-related GTPase AtERG2 associated with mitochondria 18S RNA is essential for early embryo development inArabidopsis
Authors: Cheng Pengyu , Li Hongjuan , Yuan Linlin , Li Huiyong , Xi Lele , Zhang Junjie , Liu Jin , Wang Yingdian , Zhao Heping , Zhao Huixin , Han Shengcheng 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe ERA (E. coliRAS-like protein)-related GTPase (ERG) is a nuclear-encoded GTPase with two conserved domains: a GTPase domain and a K Homology domain. ERG plays a vital role in early seed development inAntirrhinum majus. However, the mechanism that regulates seed development remains unclear. Blasting the genome sequence revealed two homologies of ERG, AtERG1, and AtERG2 inArabidopsis. In this study, we found that AtERG2 is localised in the mitochondria and binds mitochondrial 18S RNA. Promoter and transcript analyses indicated thatAtERG2was mainly expressed in the leaf vein, trichome, mature pollen, and ovule. The mutants ofAtERG2showed recessive lethal, gametophytic maternal effects, silique shortage, and early seed abortion, in which some seeds arrested in the zygotic stage at 1.5 days after pollination (DAP) and aborted at 2.0 DAP inaterg2-1+/-. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulated at 1.5 DAP in the arrested seeds, and the transcription of several ROS-responsible genes,WRKY40,ANAC017, andAOXla, was up-regulated in theaterg2-1+/- seeds which were arrested 1.5 and 2.0 DAP but not in wild-type (WT) andaterg2-1+/- seeds. The cell death-related gene BAG6 was also transcriptionally activated inaterg2-1+/- seeds arrested at 2.0 DAP. Chloramphenicol treatment during pollination induced a similar phenotype and gene expression pattern but showed no transcriptional changes of ANAC017 in WT. These results suggested thatAtERG2promotes early seed development by affecting the maturation of the mitochondria ribosome small subunit and mitochondrial protein translation inArabidopsis.
Communication between DNA and nucleotide binding sites facilitates stepping by the RecBCD helicase
Authors: Gaydar Vera , Zananiri Rani , Dvir Or , Kaplan Ariel , Henn Arnon 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDouble-strand DNA breaks are the severest type of genomic damage, requiring rapid response to ensure survival. RecBCD helicase in prokaryotes initiates processive and rapid DNA unzipping essential for break repair. Yet, the energetics of RecBCD during translocation along the DNA track needs to be quantitatively clarified. Specifically, it’s essential to understand how RecBCD switches between its binding states to enable its translocation. Here we determine, by systematic affinity measurements, the degree of coupling between DNA and nucleotide binding to RecBCD. We show that, in the presence of ADP, RecBCD binds weakly to DNA that harbors a double overhang mimicking an unwinding intermediate. Consistently, RecBCD binds weakly to ADP in the presence of the same DNA. We did not observe coupling between DNA and nucleotide binding for DNA molecules having only a single overhang, suggesting that RecBCD subunits must both bind DNA to “sense” the nucleotide state. Excitingly, we observed weak coupling for AMPpNp as RecBCD remains strongly bound to DNA in its presence. Detailed thermodynamic analysis of RecBCD reaction mechanism suggests an ‘energetic compensation’ between RecB and RecD, which may be essential for rapid unwinding. Our findings provide the basis for a ‘stepping mechanism’ during the processive translocation of RecBCD.
Coalescent theory of migration network motifs
Authors: Alcala Nicolas , Goldberg Amy , Ramakrishnan Uma , Rosenberg Noah A. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTNatural populations display a variety of spatial arrangements, each potentially with a distinctive impact on genetic diversity and genetic differentiation among subpopulations. Although the spatial arrangement of populations can lead to intricate migration networks, theoretical developments have focused mainly on a small subset of such networks, emphasizing the island-migration and stepping-stone models. In this study, we investigate all small network motifs: the set of all possible migration networks among populations subdivided into at most four subpopulations. For each motif, we use coalescent theory to derive expectations for three quantities that describe genetic variation: nucleotide diversity,FST, and half-time to equilibrium diversity. We describe the impact of network properties on these quantities, finding that motifs with a large mean node degree have the largest nucleotide diversity and the longest time to equilibrium, whereas motifs with small density have the largestFST. In addition, we show that the motifs whose pattern of variation is most strongly influenced by loss of a connection or a subpopulation are those that can be split easily into several disconnected components. We illustrate our results using two example datasets—sky island birds of genusBrachypteryxand Indian tigers—identifying disturbance scenarios that produce the greatest reduction in genetic diversity; for tigers, we also compare the benefits of two assisted gene flow scenarios. Our results have consequences for understanding the effect of geography on genetic diversity and for designing strategies to alter population migration networks to maximize genetic variation in the context of conservation of endangered species.
Agroecology accounting: biodiversity and sustainable livelihoods from the margins
Authors: Lanka Sanjay V. , Khadaroo Iqbal , Böhm Steffen 
Published: September 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide a socio-ecological counter account of the role that agroecology plays in supporting the sustainable livelihoods of a co-operative of smallholder coffee farmers, where very little value is created at their end of the coffee commodity chain. Agroecology may be defined as the science that provides the ecological principles and concepts for the design and management of productive agricultural ecosystems that conserve natural resources.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses a case study design of a coffee-producing co-operative in India using data collected from participant observation, focus groups and unstructured interviews with indigenous smallholder farmers. It combines the science of agroecology with the labour theory of value as a theoretical framework.

Findings
An agroecological approach supports agricultural biodiversity, while promoting sustainable livelihoods since members of the co-operative are able to reduce their use of external inputs. However, an agroecological transformation is curtailed by the continued dependence on corporate value chains. A framework using the labour theory of value is used to explain the extraction of surplus value from the labour of both the smallholder farmers as well as nature. This study provides evidence of the role of government policy and practice in perpetuating the status quo by not promoting either research on agroecology or direct consumer to producer value chains while providing subsidies for the inputs of industrial agriculture.

Originality/value
There have been very few studies that have provided an account of the limited value generated in agricultural commodity chains for smallholder farmers due to the need to purchase the inputs of industrial agriculture supported by government subsidies. This study extends the field of accounting for biodiversity into agriculture using the science of agroecology to explain the role played by biodiversity in increasing the amount of value generated by smallholder farmers. By utilising the labour theory of value, the authors have introduced the notion of the labour power of nature as represented by the environmental services that nature provides.
What can auditors tell us about accounting manipulations?
Authors: Aljinovic Barac Zeljana , Vuko Tina , Šodan Slavko 
Published: September 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to examine the frequency and the nature of International Financial Reporting Standards/International Accounting Standards (IFRS/IAS) violations that resulted in modified audit opinions (MAOs); determinants of MAO decision; and underlying motives, targets and techniques of accounting manipulations.

Design/methodology/approach
Descriptive statistics and in-depth investigation on archival data collected from the published audit reports are used to analyse the frequency and the nature of IFRS violations that resulted in MAOs, while the logistic regression is applied to identify the possible determinants of MAO decisions. A survey instrument is used to identify the relative importance of different manipulation motives, targets and techniques from the perspective of an external auditor.

Findings
Results from the archival research show that MAOs are expressed in 29% of audit reports of listed companies in Croatia. A majority of the qualifications refer to noncompliance with provisions of IAS 39, IAS 16, IAS 1, IAS 2 and IAS 36. The survey results show that manipulations are principally oriented towards creditors, tax authorities and suppliers with the intention to hide bad performance, get better terms of crediting and minimize fiscal and political costs. Results from the field study complement and confirm the archival research results in respect to the accounting areas and techniques used for manipulation purposes.

Originality/value
The analysis provides a rather robust estimation of the extent of accounting manipulations, compared to commonly used earnings management metrics. Application of multi-method research that integrates archival research and field study offers significant contribution to the existing earnings management literature in methodological approach. The results directly address particular provisions of the IFRS that are frequently violated and provide better understanding of the features of accounting manipulations in a specific institutional setting.
The initiation of environmental auditing in the United States
Authors: Khan Tehmina 
Published: September 2017

PurposeThe main purpose in this article is to highlight civil society activism that resulted in the inception of environmental auditing in the United States in the 1970s. The General Motors (GM) campaign which is discussed in this article led towards major institutional changes for the implementation of corporate social responsibility (environmental) reporting originally referred to as social (environmental) auditing. The Securities and Exchange Commission’s (SEC) role and actions are analysed in detail in order to highlight the direction of this Federal Agency in relation to the implementation of social (environmental) auditing.Design/methodology/approachA detailed analysis of literature from the early 1970s is undertaken in order to identify the inception of environmental auditing and the types of environmental auditing as social auditing in its early stages. The case of the GM campaign is analysed in order to highlight the forms of historical institutionalism relevant to the critical stage of exogenous influences on companies to undertake social (environmental) auditing.FindingsIt is found that in the early 1970s companies resisted the incorporation of corporate social responsibility initiatives and actions as part of their agendas. Environmental Auditing as a type of social auditing at that time referred to corporate social responsibility disclosures that included environmental disclosures. Due to public pressure and civil society activism companies had to adopt and undertake social (environmental) auditing. The initial stages of environmental disclosures included reporting on environmental expenses and liabilities of the companies. The SEC imposed minimal disclosure requirements for environmental auditing, which were nevertheless adequate to undertake action against companies found to be providing misleading environmental information in their publicly available disclosures. The 1970s served as a critical juncture for the inception and development of mandatory and voluntary environmental reporting (auditing) in the United States.Originality/valueThis is an original research article.