bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bimodal Pattern of Coronary Microvascular Involvement in Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Sezer Murat , Kocaaga Mehmet , Aslanger Emre , Atici Adem , Demirkiran Ahmet , Bugra Zehra , Umman Sabahattin , Umman Berrin 
Published: November 2016

Background

The contribution of functionally disturbed coronary autoregulation and structurally impaired microvascular vasodilatory function to reduced coronary flow velocity reserve, reflecting impaired coronary microcirculation in diabetes mellitus (
DM
), has not been clearly elucidated. The objective of this study was to identify the mechanism of coronary microvascular impairment in
DM
in relation to duration of disease.

Methods and Results

Coronary flow velocities in the anterior descending coronary artery were assessed by transthoracic echocardiography following angiography revealing normal epicardial coronary arteries in 55 diabetic and 47 nondiabetic patients. Average peak flow velocities, coronary flow velocity reserve, and microvascular resistance in baseline and hyperemic conditions (baseline and hyperemic microvascular resistance, respectively) were assessed. Reduced coronary flow velocity reserve in patients with short duration (<10 years) of
DM
compared with nondiabetic patients was primarily driven by increased baseline average peak flow velocity (26.50±5.6 versus 22.08±4.31,
P
=0.008) in the presence of decreased baseline microvascular resistance (3.69±0.86 versus 4.34±0.76,
P
=0.003). In contrast, decreased coronary flow velocity reserve in patients with long‐standing (≥10 years)
DM
compared with nondiabetic patients was predominantly driven by reduced hyperemic average peak flow velocity (41.57±10.01 versus 53.47±11.8,
P
<0.001) due to increased hyperemic microvascular resistance (2.13±0.42 versus 1.69±0.39,
P
<0.001).

Conclusions
Both altered coronary autoregulation and impaired microvascular vasodilatory function contribute to DM‐related coronary microvascular impairment in a time‐dependent manner. DM‐induced early functional microvascular autoregulatory impairment seems to evolve into structural microvascular impairment in the initially overperfused microvascular territory at the later stage of disease.
Simultaneous Non‐Invasive Epicardial and Endocardial Mapping in Patients With Brugada Syndrome: New Insights Into Arrhythmia Mechanisms
Authors: Rudic Boris , Chaykovskaya Maria , Tsyganov Alexey , Kalinin Vitaly , Tülümen Erol , Papavassiliu Theano , Dösch Christina , Liebe Volker , Kuschyk Jürgen , Röger Susanne , El‐Battrawy Ibrahim , Akin Ibrahim , Yakovleva Marina , Zaklyazminskaya Elena , Shestak Anna , Kim Stanislav , Chmelevsky Mikhail , Borggrefe Martin 
Published: November 2016

Background

The underlying mechanisms of Brugada syndrome (BrS) are not completely understood. Recent studies provided evidence that the electrophysiological substrate, leading to electrocardiogram abnormalities and/or ventricular arrhythmias, is located in the right ventricular outflow tract (
RVOT
). The purpose of this study was to examine abnormalities of epicardial and endocardial local unipolar electrograms by simultaneous noninvasive mapping in patients with BrS.

Methods and Results

Local epicardial and endocardial unipolar electrograms were analyzed using a novel
n
oninvasive
e
pi‐ and
e
ndocardial
e
lectrophysiology
s
ystem (
NEEES
) in 12 patients with BrS and 6 with right bundle branch block for comparison. Fifteen normal subjects composed the control group. Observed depolarization abnormalities included fragmented electrograms in the anatomical area of
RVOT
endocardially and epicardially, significantly prolonged activation time in the
RVOT
endocardium (65±20 vs 38±13 ms in controls;
P
=0.008), prolongation of the activation‐recovery interval in the
RVOT
epicardium (281±34 vs 247±26 ms in controls;
P
=0.002). Repolarization abnormalities included a larger area of
ST
‐segment elevation >2 mV and T‐wave inversions. Negative voltage gradient (−2.5 to −6.0 mV) between epicardium and endocardium of the
RVOT
was observed in 8 of 12 BrS patients, not present in patients with right bundle branch block or in controls.

Conclusions

Abnormalities of epicardial and endocardial electrograms associated with depolarization and repolarization properties were found using
NEEES
exclusively in the
RVOT
of BrS patients. These findings support both, depolarization and repolarization abnormalities, being operative at the same time in patients with BrS.
Morphological and molecular data reveal the cryptic diversity among populations of Aegla paulensis (Decapoda, Anomura, Aeglidae), with descriptions of four new species and comments on dispersal routes and conservation status
Authors: MORAES JULIANA CRISTINA BERTACINI , TEROSSI MARIANA , BURANELLI RAQUEL CORRÊA , TAVARES MARCOS , MANTELATTO FERNANDO L. , BUENO SÉRGIO LUIZ DE SIQUEIRA 
Published: November 2016

The taxonomy of the Brazilian aeglid species Aegla paulensis Schmitt, 1942 from two disjunct hydrographic basins is revised using morphological and molecular data. Results show that six disjunctive populations of Aegla paulensis form a species complex. Aegla paulensis sensu stricto is redescribed and Aegla rosanae Campos Jr., 1998 is revalidated. The four remaining populations previously assigned to Aegla paulensis are now recognized as different species, namely Aegla vanini n. sp., Aegla japi n. sp., Aegla jaragua n. sp. and Aegla jundiai n. sp. All new species are described and illustrated and are well supported by both morphological and molecular data. Aegla lancinhas Bond-Buckup & Buckup in Santos et al., 2015, which until recently was confounded with Aegla paulensis s. str., is supported as a valid species. A key to all members of the A. paulensis species complex is provided, and their phylogenetic and biogeographic relationships to other closely related species is discussed.
The first record of the genus Tanaostigma (Hymenoptera: Tanaostigmatidae) in the Old World, with the description of a new species from India
Authors: GUPTA ANKITA , JOSHI SUNIL 
Published: November 2016

Tanaostigma Howard (Hymenoptera: Tanaostigmatidae) is recorded for the first time in the fauna of the Old World, with T. indica Gupta sp. n. described and illustrated from southern India, reared from Millettia (=Pongamia) pinnata (Fabaceae).
Myocardial protection during minimally invasive cardiac surgery through right mini-thoracotomy
Authors: De Palo Micaela , Guida Pietro , Mastro Florinda , Nanna Daniela , Quagliara Teresa A.P. , Rociola Ruggiero , Lionetti Giosuè , Paparella Domenico 
Published: November 2016

Background: Myocardial damage is an independent predictor of adverse outcome following cardiac surgery and myocardial protection is one of the key factors to achieve successful outcomes. Cardioplegia with Custodiol is currently the most used cardioplegia during minimally invasive cardiac surgery (MICS). Different randomized controlled trials compared blood and Custodiol cardioplegia in the context of traditional cardiac surgery. No data are available for MICS. Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of cold blood versus Custodiol cardioplegia during MICS. Method: We retrospectively evaluated 90 patients undergoing MICS through a right mini-thoracotomy in a three-year period. Myocardial protection was performed using cold blood (44 patients, CBC group) or Custodiol (46 patients, Custodiol group) cardioplegia, based on surgeon preference and complexity of surgery. Results: The primary outcomes were post-operative cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and creatine kinase MB (CKMB) serum release and the incidence of Low Cardiac Output Syndrome (LCOS). Aortic cross-clamp and cardiopulmonary bypass times were higher in the Custodiol group. No difference was observed in myocardial injury enzyme release (peak cTnI value was 18±46 ng/ml in CBC and 21±37 ng/ml in Custodiol; p=0.245). No differences were observed for mortality, LCOS, atrial or ventricular arrhythmias onset, transfusions, mechanical ventilation time duration, intensive care unit and total hospital stay. Conclusions: Custodiol and cold blood cardioplegic solutions seem to assure similar myocardial protection in patients undergoing cardiac surgery through a right mini-thoracotomy approach.
Heart rate and respiration influence on macroscopic blood and CSF flows
Authors: Daouk Joël , Bouzerar Roger , Baledent Olivier 
Published: November 2016

Background Changes in blood volume in the intracranial arteries and the resulting oscillations of brain parenchyma have been presumed as main initiating factors of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pulsations. However, respiration has been recently supposed to influence CSF dynamics via thoracic pressure changes. Purpose To measure blood and CSF cervical flow and quantify the contribution of cardiac and respiratory cycles on the subsequent signal evolution. Material and Methods Sixteen volunteers were enrolled. All participant underwent two-dimensional fast field echo echo planar imaging (FFE-EPI). Regions of interest were placed on internal carotids, jugular veins, and rachidian canal to extract temporal profiles. Spectral analysis was performed to extract respiratory and cardiac frequencies. The contribution of respiration and cardiac activity was assessed to signal evolution by applying a multiple linear model. Results Mean respiratory frequency was 14.6 ± 3.9 cycles per min and mean heart rate was 66.8 ± 9 cycles per min. Cardiac contribution was higher than breathing for internal carotids, explaining 74.68% and 10.27% of the signal variance, respectively. For the jugular veins, respiratory component was higher than the cardiac one contributing 44.28% and 6.53% of the signal variance, respectively. For CSF, breathing and cardiac component contributed less than half of signal variance (12.61% and 23.23%, respectively). Conclusion Respiration and cardiac activity both influence fluid flow at the cervical level. Arterial inflow is driven by the cardiac pool whereas venous blood aspiration seems more due to thoracic pressure changes. CSF dynamics acts as a buffer between these two blood compartments.
Nonoperative Versus Operative Treatment of Displaced Ankle Fractures in Diabetics
Authors: Lovy Andrew J. , Dowdell James , Keswani Aakash , Koehler Steven , Kim Jaehon , Weinfeld Steven , Joseph David 
Published: November 2016

Background: Diabetes is a risk factor for complications related to displaced ankle fractures. Limited literature exists comparing complication rates in nonoperative versus operative treatment of displaced ankle fractures in diabetics. No study has highlighted the natural history of nonoperative treatment of displaced ankle fractures in diabetics. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all adult ankle fractures from September 2011 through December 2014. Inclusion was limited to ambulatory adults (>18 years) with closed, displaced (widened mortise) ankle fractures with diabetes mellitus. Nonoperative treatment consisted of closed reduction and casting. Fractures were classified according to the Lauge-Hansen and AO-Weber classification systems. All operative fractures underwent open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) within 3 weeks of injury. Functional outcomes and complication rates were compared. Of 28 displaced diabetic ankle fractures, 20 were treated nonoperatively (closed reduction and casting) and 8 operatively (ORIF within 3 weeks of injury). Mean follow-up was 7 months (range 3-18 months). Results: Age, insulin-dependent diabetes, and AO type B fracture rate were similar in nonoperative and operative cohorts, but fracture dislocation rate was significantly higher among operative fractures (87.5% vs 40%; P = .04). Nonoperative treatment was associated with a 21-fold increased odds of complication compared with operative treatment (75% vs 12.5%, OR 21.0, P = .004). Complication rate following unintended ORIF for persistent nonunion or malunion in nonoperatively treated patients was significantly greater compared with immediate ORIF (100% vs 12.5%, P = .005). Conclusion: Nonoperative treatment of displaced diabetic ankle fractures was associated with unacceptably high complication rates when compared to operative treatment. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective comparative series.
Gelsolin expression in liver, spleen and blood plasma provides insights into its function in mice following acute insults
Authors: Fu Haiyan , Du Hongyang , Hu Zhansheng , Ying Xiudong , Zhou Rongbin 
Published: November 2016

Background: Gelsolin (GSN) is an actin-binding plasma protein with a pivotal role in the systemic response to acute tissue damage. The present study investigated GSN expression in the liver, spleen and blood serum in mice after burn. Method: A murine model of thermal injury was selected, and the animals were sacrificed at 8, 24, 48 and 72 h after injury. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to determine the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of GSN, and GSN protein expression was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: We found that GSN mRNA and protein were expressed in the liver, spleen and blood serum of the mice. GSN expression in these tissues was the lowest among the tested time points at 8 h after burn injury. The mortality within 72 h among the mice subjected to burn injury was significantly lower in those treated with GSN than in those not treated with GSN. Treatment with GSN markedly increased the GSN levels in the liver, spleen and blood serum after injury. Conclusion: These results indicated that GSN treatment may affect the outcome of thermal injury via changes in the GSN content of multiple tissues.
Sex Differences in Anthropometrics and Heading Kinematics Among Division I Soccer Athletes
Authors: Bretzin Abigail C. , Mansell Jamie L. , Tierney Ryan T. , McDevitt Jane K. 
Published: November 2016

Background: Soccer players head the ball repetitively throughout their careers; this is also a potential mechanism for a concussion. Although not all soccer headers result in a concussion, these subconcussive impacts may impart acceleration, deceleration, and rotational forces on the brain, leaving structural and functional deficits. Stronger neck musculature may reduce head-neck segment kinematics. Hypothesis: The relationship between anthropometrics and soccer heading kinematics will not differ between sexes. The relationship between anthropometrics and soccer heading kinematics will not differ between ball speeds. Study Design: Pilot, cross-sectional design. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: Division I soccer athletes (5 male, 8 female) were assessed for head-neck anthropometric and neck strength measurements in 6 directions (ie, flexion, extension, right and left lateral flexions and rotations). Participants headed the ball 10 times (25 or 40 mph) while wearing an accelerometer secured to their head. Kinematic measurements (ie, linear acceleration and rotational velocity) were recorded at 2 ball speeds. Results: Sex differences were observed in neck girth ( t = 5.09, P < 0.001), flexor and left lateral flexor strength ( t = 3.006, P = 0.012 and t = 4.182, P = 0.002, respectively), and rotational velocity at both speeds ( t = −2.628, P = 0.024 and t = −2.227, P = 0.048). Neck girth had negative correlations with both linear acceleration ( r = −0.599, P = 0.031) and rotational velocity at both speeds ( r = −0.551, P = 0.012 and r = −0.652, P = 0.016). Also, stronger muscle groups had lower linear accelerations at both speeds ( P < 0.05). Conclusion: There was a significant relationship between anthropometrics and soccer heading kinematics for sex and ball speeds. Clinical Relevance: Neck girth and neck strength are factors that may limit head impact kinematics.
Comments on: fold change rank ordering statistics: a new method for detecting differentially expressed genes
Authors: Dembélé Doulaye , Kastner Philippe 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe published a new method (BMC Bioinformatics 2014, 15:14) for searching for differentially expressed genes from two biological conditions datasets. The presentation of theorem 1 in this paper was incomplete. We received an anonymous comment about our publication that motivates the present work. Here, we present a complementary result which is necessary from the theoretical point of view to demonstrate our theorem. We also show that this result has no negative impact on our conclusions obtained with synthetic and experimental microarrays datasets.
Assessing genotype-phenotype associations in three dorsal colour morphs in the meadow spittlebug Philaenus spumarius (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphrophoridae) using genomic and transcriptomic resources
Authors: Rodrigues Ana S. B. , Silva Sara E. , Pina-Martins Francisco , Loureiro João , Castro Mariana , Gharbi Karim , Johnson Kevin P. , Dietrich Christopher H. , Borges Paulo A. V. , Quartau José A. , Jiggins Chris D. , Paulo Octávio S. , Seabra Sofia G. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract

Background
Colour polymorphisms are common among animal species. When combined with genetic and ecological data, these polymorphisms can be excellent systems in which to understand adaptation and the molecular changes underlying phenotypic evolution. The meadow spittlebug, Philaenus spumarius (L.) (Hemiptera, Aphrophoridae), a widespread insect species in the Holarctic region, exhibits a striking dorsal colour/pattern balanced polymorphism. Although experimental crosses have revealed the Mendelian inheritance of this trait, its genetic basis remains unknown. In this study we aimed to identify candidate genomic regions associated with the colour balanced polymorphism in this species.

Results
By using restriction site-associated DNA (RAD) sequencing we were able to obtain a set of 1,837 markers across 33 individuals to test for associations with three dorsal colour phenotypes (typicus, marginellus, and trilineatus). Single and multi-association analyses identified a total of 60 SNPs associated with dorsal colour morphs. The genome size of P. spumarius was estimated by flow cytometry, revealing a 5.3 Gb genome, amongst the largest found in insects. A partial genome assembly, representing 24% of the total size, and an 81.4 Mb transcriptome, were also obtained. From the SNPs found to be associated with colour, 35% aligned to the genome and 10% to the transcriptome. Our data suggested that major loci, consisting of multi-genomic regions, may be involved in dorsal colour variation among the three dorsal colour morphs analysed. However, no homology was found between the associated loci and candidate genes known to be responsible for coloration pattern in other insect species. The associated markers showed stronger differentiation of the trilineatus colour phenotype, which has been shown previously to be more differentiated in several life-history and physiological characteristics as well. It is possible that colour variation and these traits are linked in a complex genetic architecture.

Conclusions
The loci detected to have an association with colour and the genomic and transcriptomic resources developed here constitute a basis for further research on the genetic basis of colour pattern in the meadow spittlebug P. spumarius.
HIV sero-discordance among married HIV patients initiating anti-retroviral therapy in northern Vietnam
Authors: Van Tam Vu , Cuong Do Duy , Alfven Tobias , Phuc Ho Dang , Chuc Nguyen Thi Kim , Hoa Nguyen Phuong , Diwan Vinod , Larsson Mattias 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundIn many countries in Asia, the HIV epidemic is in a concentrated phase, with high prevalence in certain risk groups, such as men who inject drugs. There is also a rapid increase of HIV among women. The latter might be due to high levels of sero-discordant couples and increasing transmission from male to female partners over time.MethodsAll adult married patients initiating antiretroviral treatment at four out-patient clinics in Quang Ninh province in north-eastern Vietnam between 2007 and 2009 were asked to participate in the study. Clinical information was extracted from patients’ records, and a structured questionnaire was used to collect social, demographic and economic data.ResultsTwo hundred eighty-eight married patients for whom information on the HIV status of their spouse was available were included in the study. Overall, the sero-discordance rate was 58%. The sero-discordance rate was significantly higher among married males, 71% had spouses not infected, than married females, of whom 18% had spouses not infected. Other factors associated with a high rate of sero-discordance were injection drug use (IDU) history, tuberculosis (TB) history and the availability of voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) in residential locations. High sero-concordance was associated with college/university education.ConclusionThe sero-discordance was significantly higher among married males than married females. Other factors also related to high sero-discordance were history of IDU, history of TB and the availability of VCT in residential locations. In contrast, college/university education and female sex were significantly related to low sero-discordance. To contain the increasing HIV prevalence among women, measures should be taken to prevent transmission among sero-discordant couples.Trial registrationNCT01433601
Changes in cerebral glucose metabolism after 3 weeks of noninvasive electrical stimulation of mild cognitive impairment patients
Authors: Yun Kyongsik , Song In-Uk , Chung Yong-An 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Background
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a syndrome that disrupts an individual’s cognitive function but preserves activities of daily living. MCI is thought to be a prodromal stage of dementia, which disrupts patients’ daily lives and causes severe cognitive dysfunction. Although extensive clinical trials have attempted to slow or stop the MCI to dementia conversion, the results have been largely unsuccessful. The purpose of this study was to determine whether noninvasive electrical stimulation of MCI changes glucose metabolism.

Methods
Sixteen MCI patients participated in this study. We used transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) (2 mA/day, three times per week for 3 weeks) and assessed positron emission tomography (18 F-FDG) before and after 3 weeks of stimulation.

Results
We showed that regular and relatively long-term use of tDCS significantly increased regional cerebral metabolism in MCI patients. Furthermore, subjective memory satisfaction and improvement of the memory strategies of participants were observed only in the real tDCS group after 3 weeks of stimulation.

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that neurophysiological intervention of MCI could improve glucose metabolism and transient memory function in MCI patients.