bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal changes in spatial patterns of Oncorhynchus mykiss growth require year‐round monitoring
Authors: Tattam Ian A. , Li Hiram W. , Giannico Guillermo R. , Ruzycki James R. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractGrowth and movement of juvenile salmonids influence the expression of individual life history traits and production of adults at the population scale. We individually marked and recaptured juvenile Oncorhynchus mykiss over the course of a year in Murderers Creek, a semi‐arid tributary to the South Fork John Day River in Northeast Oregon. We tagged O. mykiss in three reaches with differing stream gradient, stream temperature and fish density. Mean growth rates differed significantly among reaches and seasons with a significant interaction between reach and season. Reaches with high growth rates shifted across Murderers Creek among seasons. Stream reaches with high growth during the winter had low growth during summer and vice‐versa. The proportion of individuals moving at the reach scale during summer was low (≤2.6%), suggesting that individuals did not track resources at the reach scale. The spatio‐temporal variation in growth indicates that monitoring stream salmonids across multiple seasons is necessary to accurately characterise the production of different stream reaches.
Navigating the complexity of ecological stability
Authors: Donohue Ian , Hillebrand Helmut , Montoya José M. , Petchey Owen L. , Pimm Stuart L. , Fowler Mike S. , Healy Kevin , Jackson Andrew L. , Lurgi Miguel , McClean Deirdre , O'Connor Nessa E. , O'Gorman Eoin J. , Yang Qiang 
Published: July 2016

AbstractHuman actions challenge nature in many ways. Ecological responses are ineluctably complex, demanding measures that describe them succinctly. Collectively, these measures encapsulate the overall ‘stability’ of the system. Many international bodies, including the Intergovernmental Science‐Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, broadly aspire to maintain or enhance ecological stability. Such bodies frequently use terms pertaining to stability that lack clear definition. Consequently, we cannot measure them and so they disconnect from a large body of theoretical and empirical understanding. We assess the scientific and policy literature and show that this disconnect is one consequence of an inconsistent and one‐dimensional approach that ecologists have taken to both disturbances and stability. This has led to confused communication of the nature of stability and the level of our insight into it. Disturbances and stability are multidimensional. Our understanding of them is not. We have a remarkably poor understanding of the impacts on stability of the characteristics that define many, perhaps all, of the most important elements of global change. We provide recommendations for theoreticians, empiricists and policymakers on how to better integrate the multidimensional nature of ecological stability into their research, policies and actions.
Ongoing impairments following transient ischaemic attack: retrospective cohort study
Authors: Turner G. M. , Calvert M. , Feltham M. G. , Ryan R. , Marshall T. 
Published: July 2016

Background and purposeClinical management after transient ischaemic attack (TIA) is focused on stroke prevention; however, a number of small studies suggest that patients may experience ongoing residual impairments.MethodsThis was a retrospective matched‐cohort study using anonymized electronic primary care records from The Health Improvement Network database, which covers approximately 6% of the UK population. Adults (≥ 18 years old) who experienced a first TIA between 2009 and 2013 were matched in a ratio of 1:5 to controls by age, sex and general practice. The time to first consultation for fatigue, psychological impairment or cognitive impairment was estimated by Kaplan–Meier survivor functions and adjusted hazard ratios.ResultsA total of 9419 TIA patients and 46 511 controls were included. The Kaplan–Meier curves showed that TIA patients were more likely than controls to consult for all three impairments (P < 0.0001). Within 7.1 months (95% confidence interval (CI), 6.2–8.2), 25% of TIA patients consulted for psychological impairment compared with 23.5 months (95% CI, 22.5–24.6) for controls. Hazard ratios for TIA patients were 1.43 (95% CI, 1.33–1.54) for consulting for fatigue, 1.26 (95% CI, 1.20–1.31) for psychological impairment and 1.45 (95% CI, 1.28–1.65) for cognitive impairment.ConclusionsTransient ischaemic attack is associated with significantly increased subsequent consultation for fatigue, psychological impairment and cognitive impairment. These findings suggest that impairments exist after initial symptoms of TIA have resolved, which should be considered by clinicians when treating TIA patients.
The dynamics of introduction of alien scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) into Croatia
Authors: Masten Milek Tatjana , Šimala Mladen , Pintar Maja 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn recent years, several species of alien scale insects have arrived and spread rapidly through European and Mediterranean countries. One hundred and twenty‐nine species of alien scale insects have so far been recorded in Europe. This paper presents a list of alien scale insect species for Croatia, comprising 56 species from 8 different families. Four of them are new records for Croatia: Aonidiella taxus Leonardi, 1906, Ichnaspis longirostris (Signoret, 1882), Phoenicococcus marlatii (Cockerell, 1899) and Spilococcus mammillariae (Bouche, 1844). The majority of species recorded belong to the following families: Diaspididae (28 species), Coccidae (12 species), Pseudococcidae (10 species), Eriococcidae (two species). The scale insect families Dactylopidae, Margarodidae, Ortheziidae and Pheniococcidae comprised only one recorded alien species each. During the time frame covered in the review (from the beginning of the 20th century until 2015), the majority of alien scale insect species (23) were registered in the period from 2000 to 2015. Data on the origin of introduced alien scale insects shows that the majority of the species originate from Asia (22 species), followed by North America (6 species), Africa, Australia and Central America (5 species each) and South America (4 species), with 9 species being of unknown origin.
Comparative pharmacokinetics of rVIII‐SingleChain and octocog alfa (Advate®) in patients with severe haemophilia A
Authors: Klamroth R. , Simpson M. , von Depka‐Prondzinski M. , Gill J. C. , Morfini M. , Powell J. S. , Santagostino E. , Davis J. , Huth‐Kühne A. , Leissinger C. , Neumeister P. , Bensen‐Kennedy D. , Feussner A. , Limsakun T. , Zhou M. , Veldman A. , St. Ledger K. , Blackman N. , Pabinger I. 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundrVIII‐SingleChain, a novel recombinant factor VIII (rFVIII), has been designed as a B‐domain truncated construct with covalently bonded heavy and light chains, aiming to increase binding affinity to von Willebrand factor (VWF). Preclinical studies confirmed greater affinity for VWF, giving improved pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties compared with full‐length rFVIII.AimTo investigate the pharmacokinetics of rVIII‐SingleChain and compare them against those of full‐length rFVIII.MethodsThis study enrolled 27 patients with severe haemophilia A in the AFFINITY clinical trial programme. After a 4‐day washout period, all patients received a single infusion of 50 IU kg−1 octocog alfa (Advate®); after a ≥4‐day postinfusion washout period, they received a single infusion of 50 IU kg−1 rVIII‐SingleChain. Blood samples for pharmacokinetic assessments of each product were collected before infusion (predose) and at 0.5, 1, 4, 8, 10, 24, 32, 48 and 72 h postinfusion for both products.ResultsrVIII‐SingleChain had a longer mean half‐life (t1/2) (14.5 vs. 13.3 h), lower mean clearance (CL) (2.64 vs. 3.68 mL h−1 kg−1), higher mean residence time (20.4 vs. 17.1 h) and larger mean AUCinf (2090 vs. 1550 IU?h dL−1) than octocog alfa, respectively. The mean AUCinf after rVIII‐SingleChain infusion was ~35% larger than after octocog alfa. A similar pattern was observed for AUC0‐last. No serious adverse events or inhibitors were reported.ConclusionsrVIII‐SingleChain has a favourable pharmacokinetic profile compared with octocog alfa and was well tolerated. The prolonged t1/2, larger AUC and reduced CL of rVIII‐SingleChain may permit longer dosing intervals, thereby improving patient adherence to prophylactic treatment.
Change in quality of life in older people with dementia participating in Paro‐activity: a cluster‐randomized controlled trial
Authors: Jøranson Nina , Pedersen Ingeborg , Rokstad Anne Marie Mork , Ihlebæk Camilla 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to investigate effects of robot‐assisted group activity with Paro on quality of life in older people with dementia.BackgroundNursing home residents with severe dementia often experience social withdrawal and lower quality of life, which are suggested to be enhanced by non‐pharmacological interventions.DesignA cluster‐randomized controlled trial. Ten nursing home units were randomized to robot‐assisted intervention or control group (treatment as usual).MethodsData were collected between March 2013–September 2014. 27 participants participated in group activity for 30 minutes twice a week over 12 weeks, 26 participated in the control group. Change in quality of life was assessed by local nurses through the Quality of Life in Late‐Stage Dementia scale at baseline, after end of intervention and at 3 months follow‐up. The scale and regular psychotropic medication were analysed stratified by dementia severity. Analysis using mixed model, one‐way anova and linear regression were performed.ResultsAn effect was found among participants with severe dementia from baseline to follow‐up showing stable quality of life in the intervention group compared with a decrease in the control group. The intervention explained most of the variance in change in the total scale and in the subscales describing Tension and Well‐being for the group with severe dementia. The intervention group used significantly less psychotropic medication compared with the control group after end of intervention.ConclusionPleasant and engaging activities facilitated by nursing staff, such as group activity with Paro, could improve quality of life in people with severe dementia.The trial is in adherence with the CONSORT statement and is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (study ID number: NCT02008630).
Psychometric testing of the Italian and French versions of the Care Dependency Scale
Authors: Zürcher Simeon Joel , Vangelooven Christa , Borter Natalie , Schnyder Daniel , Hahn Sabine 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to test psychometrically the Italian and French versions of the Care Dependency Scale.BackgroundThe Care Dependency Scale assesses changes in patients’ level of care dependency including important functional and mental dimensions. Evaluation of the psychometric properties of the Italian version is still ongoing. The French version has to date not been validated.DesignNationwide cross‐sectional point prevalence study.MethodData were extracted from the national, annual prevalence survey of hospital‐acquired pressure ulcers and inpatient falls in Swiss acute care hospitals in 2011. A total of 799 Italian and 1068 French‐speaking patients were included in the analysis. For the evaluation, the psychometric properties were tested for each language both separately and conjointly.ResultsThe scales revealed high internal consistency. Factor analysis presented a one‐factor solution for both versions separately as well as combined. Comparison of internal structure revealed an excellent degree of equivalence between the versions. Highly significant Spearman correlations between the Care Dependency Scale and the Braden Scale sum scores indicated satisfactory criterion validity.ConclusionBoth the Italian and the French versions of the Care Dependency Scale showed satisfactory psychometric properties and a high level of equivalence. Further psychometric testing, using modern test theory approaches, is required. However, the scale is recommended as a valid instrument for further use in Italian and French.
Vascular Complications During Catheter Ablation of Cardiac Arrhythmias: A Comparison Between Vascular Ultrasound Guided Access and Conventional Vascular Access
Authors: SHARMA PARIKSHIT S. , PADALA SANTOSH K. , GUNDA SAMPATH , KONERU JAYANTHI N. , ELLENBOGEN KENNETH A. 
Published: July 2016

Ultrasound Guided Vascular Access for Electrophysiologic ProceduresIntroductionVascular access related complications are the most common complications from catheter based EP procedures and have been reported to occur in 1–13% of cases. We prospectively assessed vascular complications in a large series of consecutive patients undergoing catheter based electrophysiologic (EP) procedures with ultrasound (US) guided vascular access versus conventional access.Methods and ResultsConsecutive patients undergoing catheter ablation procedures at VCU medical center were included. US guided access was obtained in all cases starting June 2015 (US group) while modified Seldinger technique without US guidance (non‐US group) was used in cases prior to this date. All vascular complications were recorded for a 30‐day period after the procedure. A total of 689 patients underwent 720 procedures. Ablations for ventricular tachyarrhythmias (ventricular tachycardia: VT, premature ventricular contractions: PVCs) accounted for 89 (12%) cases; atrial fibrillation (AF) ablations accounted for 328 procedures (46%) and other catheter based procedures accounted for 42% of cases. A significantly higher incidence of complications was noted in the non‐US group compared with the US group (19 [5.3%] vs. 4 [1.1%], respectively, P = 0.002). Major complications were also higher among the non‐US group (9 [2.5%] vs. 2 [0.6%], P = 0.03). Increasing age (P = 0.04) and non‐US guided vascular access (P = 0.002) were associated with a higher risk of vascular access complications.ConclusionIn a large series of patients undergoing catheter based EP procedures for cardiac arrhythmias, US guided vascular access was associated with a significantly decreased 30‐day risk of vascular complications.
Performance of Anatomically Designed Quadripolar Left Ventricular Leads: Results from the NAVIGATE X4 Clinical Trial
Authors: MITTAL SUNEET , NAIR DEVI , PADANILAM BENZY J. , CIUFFO ALLEN , GUPTA NIGEL , GALLAGHER PETER , GOLDNER BRUCE , HAMMILL ERIC F. , WOLD NICOLAS , STEIN KENNETH , BURKE MARTIN 
Published: July 2016

Anatomically Designed Quadripolar LV LeadsIntroductionThe safety and efficacy of a novel family of quadripolar left ventricular (LV) pacing leads designed to pace from nonapical regions of the LV with low pacing capture thresholds was studied in patients undergoing implantation of a cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator (CRT‐D).Methods and ResultsPatients receiving a CRT‐D were implanted with 1 of 3 ACUITY X4 leads (Spiral Long, Spiral Short, or Straight), designed to address coronary venous anatomical variability. Electrical performance and LV lead related complications were evaluated 3 and 6 months post implantation, respectively. 764 patients (68 ± 11 years, 66% male) were enrolled; 738 (97%) successfully implanted with an ACUITY X4 lead (Spiral L, n = 239, 31%; Spiral S, n = 281, 37%; Straight, n = 218, 29%). A targeted threshold ≤2.5 V was achieved in 644 (94%) patients. The median threshold from the best proximal electrode was lower than the tip electrode (0.9 V [IQR 0.7, 1.3] vs. 1.3 V [IQR 0.7, 2.5], p< 0.001) on Spiral leads. Irrespective of lead implanted, one of the proximal electrodes was the programmed cathode in most patients. The overall LV complication‐free rate was 98%. LV lead dislodgment occurred in 8 (1%) patients. PNS occurred in 58 (8%) patients, but only 3 (0.4%) patients required surgical intervention.ConclusionThe ACUITY X4 LV leads had low pacing thresholds particularly from proximal electrodes, a high incidence of pacing from the nondistal electrode, and low likelihood of dislodgment or PNS requiring surgical intervention. (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02071173)
Culturing Heterotrophic Protists from the Baltic Sea: Mostly the “Usual Suspects” but a Few Novelties as Well
Authors: Weber Felix , Mylnikov Alexander P. , Jürgens Klaus , Wylezich Claudia 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe study of cultured strains has a long tradition in protistological research and has greatly contributed to establishing the morphology, taxonomy, and ecology of many protist species. However, cultivation‐independent techniques, based on 18S rRNA gene sequences, have demonstrated that natural protistan assemblages mainly consist of hitherto uncultured protist lineages. This mismatch impedes the linkage of environmental diversity data with the biological features of cultured strains. Thus, novel taxa need to be obtained in culture to close this knowledge gap. In this study, traditional cultivation techniques were applied to samples from coastal surface waters and from deep oxygen‐depleted waters of the Baltic Sea. Based on 18S rRNA gene sequencing, 126 monoclonal cultures of heterotrophic protists were identified. The majority of the isolated strains were affiliated with already cultured and described taxa, mainly chrysophytes and bodonids. This was likely due to “culturing bias” but also to the eutrophic nature of the Baltic Sea. Nonetheless, ~ 12% of the isolates in our culture collection showed highly divergent 18S rRNA gene sequences compared to those of known organisms and thus may represent novel taxa, either at the species level or at the genus level. Moreover, we also obtained evidence that some of the isolated taxa are ecologically relevant, under certain conditions, in the Baltic Sea.
Determinants of Health Behaviors After Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Prospective Cohort Study in Geneva
Authors: Kaiser Barbara , Jeannot Emilien , Razurel Chantal 
Published: July 2016

IntroductionGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common complications in pregnancy. The objective of this study was to specify the determinants of postpartum physical activity and dietary habits after a pregnancy complicated by GDM in a population of Swiss women. This information will be used to improve health promotion and diabetes prevention interventions for women with a history of GDM.MethodsA prospective cohort study of 173 pregnant women with a diagnosis of GDM was carried out. Quantitative data were collected at the end of pregnancy (T1) and at 6 months postpartum (T3). Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess associations between the level of healthy lifestyle at 6 months postpartum, clinical and sociodemographic characteristics, motivation to adopt a healthy lifestyle after birth at the end of pregnancy, and postulated psychosocial correlates of health behaviors.ResultsMultivariate regression analysis showed that only 2 variables were determinants in a low adherence to healthy lifestyle in the postpartum period after GDM: a lower level of social support (odds ratio [OR], 1.5; P < .001) and more perceived barriers to a healthy lifestyle (OR, 1.2; P = .002).DiscussionThis study shows that, for women who had GDM, the problem of low adherence to a healthy lifestyle to prevent the onset of type 2 diabetes may be secondary to the lack of resources available for the promotion and development of healthy eating habits and regular physical activity. The findings of this study suggest that some women with a history of GDM do not have the means and resources in the postpartum period to apply the advice given during antenatal monitoring.
Integrated Review of Barriers to Cervical Cancer Screening in Sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: McFarland Ditsapelo M. , Gueldner Sarah M. , Mogobe Keitshokile D. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to review published studies to identify and describe barriers to Papanicolaou (Pap) smear screening among women in sub‐Saharan Africa.Design and MethodsGuided by Cooper's integrative review methodology, studies published between 2006 and 2015 were identified by searching electronic databases: Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PubMed, MEDLINE, ProQuest, and PsycINFO using specified search terms. Using this strategy, 224 articles were identified and screened for duplication and by reading titles, abstracts, and full texts. Seventeen articles met the inclusion criteria and were appraised using relevant tools for qualitative and quantitative designs. No relevant articles published in 2006, 2007, and 2014 were found.FindingsAll 17 articles had good methodological quality and were included in the review. The studies were from 10 sub‐Saharan countries and from different settings. Content analysis of the data revealed three major themes coded as client, provider, and system barriers. The most common client barriers were lack of knowledge and awareness about Pap smear screening, fear of cancer, belief of not being at risk for cervical cancer, and that a Pap smear is not important unless one is ill and cultural or religious factors. Provider barriers were failure to inform or encourage women to screen. Major system barriers were unavailability and inaccessibility of the Pap test.ConclusionsThe review provided evidence of barriers to Pap smear screening among sub‐Saharan women. Although there were some variations from country to country, sub‐Saharan countries share similar constraints to Pap smear screening. These findings have important implications for practice and policy.Clinical RelevanceUnderstanding the client, provider, and system barriers to cervical cancer screening could guide development of effective interventions.
The Role of New Removable Complete Dentures in Stimulated Salivary Flow and Taste Perception
Authors: Tango Rubens Nisie , Arata Anelyse , Borges Alexandre Luiz Souto , Costa Anna K.F. , Pereira Luciano Jose , Kaminagakura Estela 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the effect of replacement of inadequate complete dentures on salivary flow and taste perception in geriatric patients.Materials and MethodsThirty‐three patients, 13 males and 20 females, with a mean age of 64.4 years were submitted to stimulated and unstimulated salivary flow rate and salivary pH measurements, and sense of taste evaluation. Tests were performed 3 months before complete denture substitution and 3 weeks after denture insertion.ResultsThe mean for unstimulated saliva (USS) was 2.1 ml before and 2.7 ml after replacement (p = 0.003). The mean volume of stimulated saliva was 6.3 ml before and 8.2 ml after replacement (p = 0.004). The pH mean of USS was 7.8 ± 0.44 before and 8.02 ± 0.41 after replacement (p = 0.005). No statistically significant difference was determined in the sense of taste before and 3 weeks after complete denture replacement.ConclusionsThe replacement of inadequate complete dentures increases saliva flow; however, it does not improve taste perception.