bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Free‐Standing Polyurethane Nanofiber/Nets Air Filters for Effective PM Capture
Authors: Zuo Fenglei , Zhang Shichao , Liu Hui , Fong Hao , Yin Xia , Yu Jianyong , Ding Bin 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe filtration performance and light transmittance of nanofiber air filters are restricted by their thick fiber diameter, large pore size, and substrate dependence, which can be solved by constructing substrate‐free fibrous membranes with true nanoscale diameters and ultrathin thicknesses, however, it has proven to be extremely challenging. Herein, a roust approach is presented to create free‐standing polyurethane (PU) nanofiber/nets air filters composed of bonded nanofibers and 2D nanonets for particular matter (PM) capture via combining electrospinning/netting technique and facile peel off process from designed substrates. This strategy causes widely distributed Steiner‐tree structured nanonets with diameters of ≈20 nm and bonded scaffold nanofibers to assemble into ultrathin membranes with small pore size, high porosity, and robust mechanical strength on a large scale based on ionic liquid inspiration and surface structure optimization of receiver substrates. As a consequence, the resulting free‐standing PU nanofiber/nets filters exhibit high PM1–0.5 removal efficiency of >99.00% and PM2.5–1 removal efficiency of >99.73%, maintaining high light transmittance of ≈70% and low pressure drop of 28 Pa; even achieve >99.97% removal efficiency with ≈40% transmittance for PM0.3 filtration, and robust purification capacity for real smoke PM2.5, making them promising high‐efficiency and transparent filtration materials for various filtration and separation applications.
Transcriptome analysis for UVB‐induced phototoxicity in mouse retina
Authors: An Mi‐Jin , Kim Chul‐Hong , Nam Gyu‐You , Kim Dae‐Hyun , Rhee Sangmyung , Cho Sung‐Jin , Kim Jung‐Woong 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThroughout life, the human eye is continuously exposed to sunlight and artificial lighting. Ambient light exposure can lead to visual impairment and transient or permanent blindness. To mimic benign light stress conditions, Mus musculus eyes were exposed to low‐energy UVB radiation, ensuring no severe morphological changes in the retinal structure post‐exposure. We performed RNA‐seq analysis to reveal the early transcriptional changes and key molecular pathways involved before the activation of the canonical cell death pathway. RNA‐seq analysis identified 537 genes that were differentially modulated, out of which 126 were clearly up regulated (>2‐fold, P < .01) and 51 were significantly down regulated (<2‐fold, P < .01) in response to UVB irradiation in the mouse retina. Gene ontology analysis revealed that UVB exposure affected pathways for cellular stress and signaling (eg, Creb3, Ddrgk1, Grin1, Map7, Uqcc2, Uqcrb), regulation of chromatin and gene expression (eg, Chd5, Jarid2, Kat6a, Smarcc2, Sumo1, Zfp84), transcription factors (eg, Asxl2, Atf7, Per1, Phox2a, Rxra), RNA processing, and neuronal genes (eg, B4gal2, Drd1, Grm5, Rnf40, Rnps1, Usp39, Wbp4). The differentially expressed genes from the RNA‐seq analysis were validated by quantitative PCR. Both analyses yielded similar gene expression patterns. The genes and pathways identified here improve the understanding of early transcriptional responses to UVB irradiation. They may also help in elucidating the genes responsible for the inherent susceptibility of humans to UVB‐induced retinal diseases.
Understanding dissolved organic matter dynamics in urban catchments: insights from in situ fluorescence sensor technology
Authors: Khamis K. , Bradley C. , Hannah D.M. 
Published: October 2017

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is critically important for catchment biogeochemical cycling, yet the DOM dynamics of many river systems remain poorly characterized. Recently, DOM mobilization and transport in forested and agricultural catchments have received increased attention; however, for urban catchments, our understanding of spatio‐temporal variability in DOM concentration and composition is very limited. This is a particular concern as urbanization can increase and alter labile DOM fluxes leading to a shift from downstream transport of stream carbon to increased microbial production and respiration of stream carbon in headwaters. Furthermore, the anthropogenic modification of the water cycle and the flashy hydrology of urban rivers have constrained attempts to characterize intra‐ and inter‐seasonal variability in DOM across the spectrum from low to storm flows. In this focus article, we synthesize the contemporary literature on urban DOM sources, flow paths, and spatio‐temporal variability and present a conceptual model to unravel system dynamics and inform future monitoring efforts. The potential of field deployable fluorescence sensor technology to overcome monitoring challenges in urban rivers is highlighted. We use a case study of a relatively well‐studied UK urban river to illustrate the potential of in situ fluorescence to reveal DOM dynamics in a system with marked inter‐event variability in DOM sources and pathways. Finally, we outline future directions for this research, particular the need to standardize field and laboratory protocols and advance new sensor development. WIREs Water 2018, 5:e1259. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1259This article is categorized under:

Science of Water > Methods
Science of Water > Water Quality
Margin Width of Resected Lepidic Lung Cancer Does Not Affect Recurrence After Sublobar Resection
Authors: Moon Youngkyu , Lee Kyo Young , Park Jae Kil 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundA sufficient resection margin is required for the sublobar resection of lung cancers. However, the width of the resection margin may not be important in lepidic adenocarcinoma, because such tumors are non‐ or minimally invasive. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of resection margin width on the outcome of patients with lepidic‐dominant adenocarcinoma after sublobar resection.MethodsThis study included 133 patients with small (≤2 cm), clinical N0M0 lung cancer who underwent sublobar resection with curative intent. The patients were divided into 4 groups: Group A, lepidic tumor with margin/tumor ratio <1; Group B, lepidic tumor with margin/tumor ratio ≥1; Group C, non‐lepidic tumor with margin/tumor ratio <1; Group D, non‐lepidic tumor with margin/tumor ratio ≥1. The clinicopathological features and survival outcomes between Group A and B patients, and between Group C and D patients were compared.ResultsThe 5‐year recurrence‐free survival (RFS) rates of Group A and B patients were both 100%. The 5‐year RFS rates of Group C and D patients were 49.9 and 97.1%, respectively (p = 0.009). By multivariate analysis, the margin/tumor ratio was a significant independent factor for recurrence in patients with non‐lepidic tumors (hazard ratio = 0.157, 95% confidence interval 0.027–0.898; p = 0.037).ConclusionsTumor recurrence after sublobar resection is not associated with short resection margins in patients with lepidic tumors. However, a short resection margin is a significant risk factor for recurrence in patients with non‐lepidic tumors.
The Primary Stability of a Bioabsorbable Poly-L-Lactic Acid Suture Anchor for Rotator Cuff Repair is Not Improved with Polymethylmethacrylate or Bioabsorbable Bone Cement Augmentation
Authors: Güleçyüz Mehmet F. , Kraus-Petersen Michael , Schröder Christian , Ficklscherer Andreas , Wagenhäuser Markus U. , Braun Christian , Müller Peter E. , Pietschmann Matthias F. 
Published: October 2017

Background The incidence of osteoporosis and rotator cuff tears increases with age. Cement augmentation of bones is an established method in orthopedic and trauma surgery. Questions/Purposes This study analyses if polymethylmethacrylate or bioabsorbable cement can improve the primary stability of a bioabsorbable suture anchor in vitro in comparison to a non-augmented suture anchor in osteoporotic human humeri. Methods The trabecular bone mineral density was measured to ensure osteopenic human specimens. Then the poly-L-lactic acid Bio-Corkscrew® FT was implanted in the greater tuberosity footprint with polymethylmethacrylate Refobacin® cement augmentation ( n = 8), with Cerament™ Bone Void Filler augmentation ( n = 8) and without augmentation ( n = 8). Using a cyclic testing protocol, the failure loads, system displacement, and failure modes were recorded. Results The Cerament™ augmented Bio-Corkscrew® FT yielded the highest failure loads (206.7 N), followed by polymethylmethacrylate Refobacin® augmentation (206.1 N) and without augmentation (160.0 N). The system displacement was lowest for Cerament™ augmentation (0.72 mm), followed by polymethylmethacrylate (0.82 mm) and without augmentation (1.50 mm). Statistical analysis showed no significant differences regarding the maximum failure loads ( p = 0.1644) or system displacement ( p = 0.4199). The main mode of failure for all three groups was suture slippage. Conclusion The primary stability of the Bio-Corkscrew® FT is not influenced by bone cement augmentation with polymethylmethacrylate Refobacin® or with bioabsorbable Cerament™ in comparison to the non-cemented anchors. The cement augmentation of rotator cuff suture anchors in osteoporotic bones remains questionable since biomechanical tests show no significant advantage.
Thermal characterisation analysis and modelling techniques for CubeSat-sized spacecrafts
Authors: Ali Anwar , Ullah Khalil , Rehman Hafeez Ur , Bari Inam , Reyneri Leonardo M. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTRecently, universities and Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) have initiated the development of nanosatellites because of their low cost, small size and short development time. The challenging aspects for these satellites are their small surface area for heat dissipation due to their limited size. There is not enough space for mounting radiators for heat dissipation. As a result, thermal modelling becomes a very important element in designing a small satellite. The paper presents detailed and simplified generic thermal models for CubeSat panels and also for the complete satellite. The detailed model takes all thermal resistances associated with the respective layers into account, while in the simplified model, the layers with similar materials have been combined and are represented by a single thermal resistance. The proposed models are then applied to a CubeSat standard nanosatellite called AraMiS-C1, developed at Politecnico di Torino, Italy. Thermal resistance measured through both models is compared, and the results are similar. The absorbed power and the corresponding temperature differences between different points of the single panel and complete satellite are measured. In order to verify the theoretical results, thermal resistance of the AraMiS-C1 and its panels are measured through experimental set-ups. Theoretical and measured values are in close agreement.
SME resource acquisition in transition economies: power dependence and induced bribery
Authors: Wang Karen Yuan , Clegg Stewart R. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractResearchers have extensively studied how large firms and SMEs use business and political ties to obtain tangible and intangible resources in transition economies. However, how SMEs establish these ties in the context of power-imbalanced dependence by using unethical and illegal “strategic practice” such as bribery remains underexplored. Furthermore, how SMEs deploy strategies to mitigate such risky actions in the process of resource acquisition is also given limited attention in the literature. Lack of exploration of these issues leaves significant gaps in our understanding of how SMEs are able to initiate and operate their ties for survival and growth despite enormous institutional constraints. We analyze the negative and positive effects of power dependence on business resource acquisition via regression analysis using survey data drawn from 232 Chinese SMEs. The findings indicate that power-imbalanced dependence among SMEs is associated with their use of bribery to establish political ties with officials for access to resources. The moderating effect of power-mutual dependence on this relationship is also examined. Theoretical significance and managerial implications of these findings for SMEs in transition economies are discussed.
Asset Literacy Following Stroke: Implications for Disaster Resilience
Authors: O’Sullivan Tracey L. , Fahim Christine , Gagnon Elizabeth 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe World Stroke Organization “1 in 6” campaign aims to raise awareness that 1 in 6 persons will experience a stroke during their lifetime. With aging populations and improved survival rates, an increased number of survivors live with functional limitations and require supportive care. This has important implications for implementing an all-of-society approach to disaster risk reduction. In this study, we explore the assets that stroke survivors and caregivers consider useful in supporting their capacity to manage routine activities and independent living and to respond to a disaster.MethodsTranscripts from interviews with stroke survivors and caregivers were analyzed by use of content analysis.ResultsAssets were categorized into 4 classes: social, physical, energy, and personal characteristics and are presented as a household map. Emergent themes suggested that understanding how to mobilize assets is complicated yet essential for building resilience. Household resilience requires people have self-efficacy and motivation to move from awareness to action. The findings informed development of a conceptual model of asset literacy and household resilience following stroke.ConclusionsInterventions to enhance asset literacy can support an all-of-society approach to disaster risk reduction through awareness, empowerment, participation, innovation, and engagement. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018; 12: 312–320)
MORE ON A CERTAIN ARITHMETICAL DETERMINANT
Authors: LIN ZONGBING , HONG SIAO 
Published: October 2017

Let $n\geq 1$ be an integer and $f$ be an arithmetical function. Let $S=\{x_{1},\ldots ,x_{n}\}$ be a set of $n$ distinct positive integers with the property that $d\in S$ if $x\in S$ and $d|x$. Then $\min (S)=1$. Let $(f(S))=(f(\gcd (x_{i},x_{j})))$ and $(f[S])=(f(\text{lcm}(x_{i},x_{j})))$ denote the $n\times n$ matrices whose $(i,j)$-entries are $f$ evaluated at the greatest common divisor of $x_{i}$ and $x_{j}$ and the least common multiple of $x_{i}$ and $x_{j}$, respectively. In 1875, Smith [‘On the value of a certain arithmetical determinant’, Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. 7 (1875–76), 208–212] showed that $\det (f(S))=\prod _{l=1}^{n}(f\ast \unicode[STIX]{x1D707})(x_{l})$, where $f\ast \unicode[STIX]{x1D707}$ is the Dirichlet convolution of $f$ and the Möbius function $\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}$. Bourque and Ligh [‘Matrices associated with classes of multiplicative functions’, Linear Algebra Appl. 216 (1995), 267–275] computed the determinant $\det (f[S])$ if $f$ is multiplicative and, Hong, Hu and Lin [‘On a certain arithmetical determinant’, Acta Math. Hungar. 150 (2016), 372–382] gave formulae for the determinants $\det (f(S\setminus \{1\}))$ and $\det (f[S\setminus \{1\}])$. In this paper, we evaluate the determinant $\det (f(S\setminus \{x_{t}\}))$ for any integer $t$ with $1\leq t\leq n$ and also the determinant $\det (f[S\setminus \{x_{t}\}])$ if $f$ is multiplicative.
Inhibitory effects of an extract from non-host plants on physiological characteristics of two major cabbage pests
Authors: Dastranj M. , Borzoui E. , Bandani A. R. , Franco O. L. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) and small white cabbage butterfly (Pieris rapae) are the two main serious pests of cruciferous crops (Brassicaceae) that have developed resistance to chemical control methods. In order to avoid such resistance and also the adverse effects of chemical pesticides on the environment, alternative methods have usually been suggested, including the use of plant enzyme inhibitors. Here, the inhibitory effects of proteinaceous inhibitors extracted from wheat, canola, sesame, bean and triticale were evaluated against the digestive α-amylases, larval growth, development and nutritional indecs of the diamondback moth and small white cabbage butterfly. Our results indicated that triticale and wheat extracts inhibited α-amylolytic activity in an alkaline pH, which is in accordance with the moth and butterfly gut α-amylase optimum pH. Dose-dependent inhibition of two crucifer pests by triticale and wheat was observed using spectrophotometry and gel electrophoresis. Implementation of specificity studies showed that wheat and triticale-proteinaceous extract were inactive against Chinese and purple cabbage amylase. Triticale and wheat were resistant against insects’ gut proteases. Results of the feeding bioassay indicated that triticale-proteinaceous extract could cause a significant reduction in survival and larval body mass. The results of the nutritional indecs also showed larvae of both species that fed on a Triticale proteinaceous inhibitor-treated diet had the lowest values for the efficiency of conversion of ingested food and relative growth rate. Our observations suggested that triticale shows promise for use in the management of crucifer pests.
Factors influencing local attitudes and perceptions regarding jaguars Panthera onca and National Park conservation in Panama
Authors: Fort Jessica L. , Nielsen Clayton K. , Carver Andrew D. , Moreno Ricardo , Meyer Ninon F. V. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThroughout its range in Latin America the jaguar Panthera onca is threatened by habitat loss and fragmentation, and conflict with humans. Protected areas in Panama harbour some of the last remaining suitable habitat for jaguars and are vital to conservation. However, no previous studies had assessed which factors in particular affect the tolerance of rural Panamanians towards jaguars and National Park conservation, which is important to jaguar persistence. Whether these factors are consistent with previous research on human–carnivore coexistence is unclear. To address this we estimated the number of instances of depredation of cattle by jaguars, and assessed attitudes and perceptions of rural Panamanians. We conducted semi-structured interviews in two disparate study areas: Cerro Hoya National Park and Darién National Park. Depredation events were more frequent in the latter, but only residents of the former reported conflict between people and coyotes Canis latrans. Positive perceptions of jaguars and National Parks, and criticism of park management, increased with level of education and land ownership. Men were more open to receiving help on their farms to mitigate impacts of jaguars, and more tolerant of the presence of jaguars, than women. Residents from both study areas indicated high appreciation for their respective National Parks. We provide recommendations to improve community outreach and education initiatives, and suggest priority areas for future mitigation efforts concerning human–jaguar interactions in Panama.
Is paliperidone palmitate more effective than other long-acting injectable antipsychotics?
Authors: Patel R. , Chesney E. , Taylor M. , Taylor D. , McGuire P. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundPaliperidone palmitate is one of the most widely prescribed long-acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics in the UK. However, it is relatively expensive and there are few data comparing its effectiveness to that of other LAI antipsychotics. We sought to address this issue by analyzing a large anonymized electronic health record (EHR) dataset from patients treated with LAI antipsychotics.MethodsEHR data were obtained from 1281 patients in the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust (SLaM) who started treatment with a LAI antipsychotic between 1 April 2011 and 31 January 2015. The number of days spent as a psychiatric inpatient and the number of admissions to a psychiatric hospital were analyzed in each of the 3 years before and after LAI prescription.ResultsPatients treated with paliperidone palmitate (n = 430; 33.6%) had a greater number of inpatient days and a greater number of admissions in the year prior to treatment than those treated with other LAI antipsychotics. Nevertheless, in the 3 years after initiation there were no significant differences between paliperidone and the other LAI antipsychotics in the number of days as an inpatient (B coefficient 5.4 days, 95% confidence interval (CI) −57.3 to 68.2, p = 0.86) or number of hospital admissions (Incidence rate ratio 1.07, 95% CI 0.62 to 1.83, p = 0.82).ConclusionPaliperidone palmitate was more likely to be prescribed in patients with more frequent and lengthy hospital admissions prior to initiation. However, the absence of differences in outcomes after initiation indicates that paliperidone palmitate was not more effective than other cheaper LAI antipsychotics.
Is cognitive–behavioural therapy more effective than relaxation therapy in the treatment of anxiety disorders? A meta-analysis
Authors: Montero-Marin Jesus , Garcia-Campayo Javier , López-Montoyo Alba , Zabaleta-del-Olmo Edurne , Cuijpers Pim 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundIt is not clear whether relaxation therapies are more or less effective than cognitive and behavioural therapies in the treatment of anxiety. The aims of the present study were to examine the effects of relaxation techniques compared to cognitive and behavioural therapies in reducing anxiety symptoms, and whether they have comparable efficacy across disorders.MethodWe conducted a meta-analysis of 50 studies (2801 patients) comparing relaxation training with cognitive and behavioural treatments of anxiety.ResultsThe overall effect size (ES) across all anxiety outcomes, with only one combined ES in each study, wasg= −0.27 [95% confidence interval (CI) = −0.41 to −0.13], favouring cognitive and behavioural therapies (number needed to treat = 6.61). However, no significant difference between relaxation and cognitive and behavioural therapies was found for generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder and specific phobias (considering social anxiety and specific phobias separately). Heterogeneity was moderate (I2= 52; 95% CI = 33–65). The ES was significantly associated with age (p< 0.001), hours of cognitive and/or behavioural therapy (p= 0.015), quality of intervention (p= 0.007), relaxation treatment format (p< 0.001) and type of disorder (p= 0.008), explaining an 82% of variance.ConclusionsRelaxation seems to be less effective than cognitive and behavioural therapies in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder, and obsessive–compulsive disorder and it might also be less effective at 1-year follow-up for panic, but there is no evidence that it is less effective for other anxiety disorders.
Workplace multilingualism in shifting contexts: A historical case
Authors: Hiss Florian 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis article investigates linguistic diversity, migration, and labour in the case of a nineteenth-century copper mine in the multilingual northern periphery of Norway. Taking a historical perspective on workplace multilingualism, it reveals the dynamic relationships between the economic interests and policy-making of an industrial enterprise and the political and sociolinguistic development in a multilingual region, at a time when national authorities introduced assimilation policies. Owned and managed by British industrialists, the mine recruited almost exclusively migrant workers to a remote fjord in the Norwegian periphery, many of them Kven from northern Finland and Sweden. In a multi-layered approach, the study sketches multilingual work practices, policy-making, and the discursive positioning of diversity, and explores the company's management of the relationships between capital, community, and nation-state. It reveals the company's flexible approach towards diversity governed by economic interest. (Workplace multilingualism, mining, Kven, Norway, historical)*