bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increase in heterotrophic soil respiration by temperature drives decline in soil organic carbon stocks after forest windthrow in a mountainous ecosystem
Authors: Mayer Mathias , Sandén Hans , Rewald Boris , Godbold Douglas L. , Katzensteiner Klaus 
Published: November 2016

Summary

Intensifying forest disturbance regimes are likely to impact heavily on future carbon (C) budgets of forest ecosystems. Our understanding of how forest disturbance affects the sources of soil CO2 efflux (Fs) is, however, poor. This may lead to uncertainties over future C sink estimates of forest ecosystems and associated feedbacks to the atmosphere.

We investigated the impact of forest windthrow on the heterotrophic and autotrophic sources of Fs, underlying biotic and abiotic drivers (i.e. plant community composition, soil organic matter (SOM) properties and soil microclimate), and consequences for soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in situ along a disturbance chronosequence in the European Alps. This chronosequence facilitated the study of temporal changes in the above parameters between the third and sixth years after windthrow.

Along the chronosequence, structural equation modelling revealed that soil temperature, soil moisture, SOM properties and plant community composition explained 90% of the variation in Fs. While no direct interactions among plants and SOM properties could be determined, plants significantly affected soil microclimate. Windthrow had no obvious effect on Fs because reduced autotrophic soil respiration (Ra) was offset by a ∼60% increase in heterotrophic soil respiration (Rh), principally due to increased soil temperatures. Ra after wind‐throw was dominated by grasses and herbs rather than trees; however, a high abundance of ectomycorrhizal fungi suggests an important indirect tree contribution to post‐windthrow Ra. SOC stocks significantly declined over the post‐windthrow period.

Our results show that Rh was by far the dominant source of Fs after forest windthrow. As C losses from Rh and SOC stocks were in the same order of magnitude, this study demonstrates that post‐windthrow declines in SOC stocks were mainly driven by a temperature‐related increase in Rh.

A lay summary is available for this article.
Incidence of lymph node metastases in clinical early‐stage mucinous and seromucinous ovarian carcinoma: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: van Baal JOAM , Van de Vijver KK , Coffelt SB , van der Noort V , van Driel WJ , Kenter GG , Buist MR , Lok CAR 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveThe use of lymph node sampling during staging procedures in clinical early‐stage mucinous ovarian carcinoma (MOC) is an ongoing matter of debate. Furthermore, the incidence of lymph node metastases (LNM) in MOC in relation to tumour grade (G) is unknown. We aimed to determine the incidence of LNM in clinical early‐stage MOC per tumour grade.DesignRetrospective study with data from the Dutch Pathology Registry (PALGA).SettingThe Netherlands, 2002–2012.Population or samplePatients with MOC.MethodsHistology reports on patients with MOC diagnosed in the Netherlands between 2002 and 2012 were obtained from PALGA. Reports were reviewed for diagnosis, tumour grade and presence of LNM. Clinical data, surgery reports and radiology reports of patients with LNM were retrieved from hospital files.Main outcome measuresIncidence of LNM, disease‐free survival (DFS).ResultsOf 915 patients with MOC, 426 underwent lymph node sampling. Cytoreductive surgery was performed in 267 patients. The other 222 patients received staging without lymph node sampling. In eight of 426 patients, LNM were discovered by sampling. In four of 190 (2.1%) patients with G1 MOC, LNM were present, compared with one of 115 (0.9%) patients with G2 MOC and three of 22 (13.6%) patients with G3 MOC. Tumour grade was not specified in 99 patients. Patients with clinical early‐stage MOC had no DFS benefit from lymph node sampling.ConclusionsLNM are rare in early‐stage G1 and G2 MOC without clinical suspicion of LNM. Therefore, lymph node sampling can be omitted in these patients.Tweetable abstractLymph node sampling can be omitted in clinical early‐stage G1 and G2 mucinous ovarian cancer.
An Examination of the Sequence of Intersecting Seal and Laser Printing Toner Line
Authors: Li Biao , Ouyang Guoliang 
Published: November 2016

AbstractExamining the sequence of intersecting seal and laser printing line is a significant method of determining the authenticity and validity of documents. In this study, five brands of stamp pad inks, three types of inkpads and seven kinds of laser printers were used to make heterogeneous line intersections. Observation method of physical characteristics, scraping technique and fluorescence method was used to determine the sequence of intersecting lines. Distinguishing features were noted between the materials produced in both sequences. As the results obtained from the study were positive, these features might provide a scientific basis for accurately determining the sequence between laser printing line and inkpad (stamp pad ink) seal.
Leaf Cuticle Microstructure of Machilus maomingensis sp. nov. (Lauraceae) from the Eocene of the Maoming Basin, South China
Authors: TANG Biao , HAN Meng , XU Qingqing , JIN Jianhua 
Published: November 2016

AbstractMachilus maomingensis Jin et Tang, sp. nov. from the Eocene Youganwo Formation of the Maoming Basin, South China, is studied in detail from the perspective of the leaf architecture and the excellently preserved cuticle. The leaf margin is entire, the primary venation is pinnate; 6 to 8 secondary veins are present and the major secondary venation is eucamptodromous. Stomata are paracytic and occur on the lower epidermis. Trichome bases are unicellular. Oil cells are present in the upper epidermis. The new fossil species described has features of the Lauraceae, particularly of the extant genus Machilus Rumphius ex Nees, and it is most similar to Machilus chinensis (Bentham) Hemsley, an extant species distributed in southern China and Vietnam. Hence, Machilus maomingensis sp. nov. is inferred to live in a warm and humid climate. The discovery of the present fossil indicates that Machilus has existed in South China from at least the Eocene.
Cenozoic Magmatism and Tectonic Framework of Western Yunnan, China: Constrained from Geochemistry, Sr–Nd–Pb Isotopes and Fission Track Dating
Authors: YANG Xin , XU Xuhui , ZHANG Zhongpei , LIU Yifeng , ZHANG Jibiao , LIU Xingwang , XIONG Ping , ZHENG Jianjing 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWestern Yunnan is composed of several extruded continental microblocks that were generated by the oblique collision between the Indian and Asian continents during the Cenozoic. In this study, the magmatic and tectonic frameworks of western Yunnan in the Cenozoic were analyzed based on geochemistry, Sr–Nd–Pb isotopes, and apatite/zircon fission track dating. Magmatism during the Cenozoic in western Yunnan was then divided into three distinctive episodes: alkali granite rocks produced from 55 to 46 Ma were derived from the anatexis of crustal materials; bimodal igneous rocks formed between 37 and 24 Ma were possibly derived from an EMII mantle with a contribution from continental materials; and intermediate‐basic volcanic rocks produced in the Tengchong microblocks since ∼16 Ma are considered to be generated by the partial melting of the upper mantle that was induced by the pulling apart of the dextral Gaoligong strike‐slip fault system. Moreover, fission track analysis of apatite and zircon indicates that the regional crustal uplift in western Yunnan possibly began at ∼34 Ma, with accelerated annealing occurring at ∼24 Ma, ∼13 Ma, and ∼4 Ma. During the past 24 Ma, the average denudation rate was ∼0.32 mm/yr for the faulted block controlled by the Chongshan–Lancang River fault However, crustal uplift has been relatively gentle in places lacking influence from strike‐slip shear zones, with an average denudation rate of ∼0.2 mm/yr. Combined with strike‐slip shear and block rotation in the Cenozoic, the tectonic evolution of western Yunnan since ∼45 Ma can thus be divided into four stages occurring at 45–37 Ma, 37–24 Ma, 24–13 Ma, and 13–0 Ma.
Early Cretaceous Magma Mingling in Xiaocuo, Southeastern China Continental Margin: Implications for Subduction of Paleo‐Pacific Plate
Authors: ZHOU Liyun , WANG Yu , HEI Huixin , ZHOU Xiaohui 
Published: November 2016

AbstractMagma mingling has been identified within the continental margin of southeastern China. This study focuses on the relationship between mafic and felsic igneous rocks in composite dikes and plutons in this area, and uses this relationship to examine the tectonic and geodynamic implications of the mingling of mafic and felsic magmas. Mafic magmatic enclaves (MMEs) show complex relationships with the hosting Xiaocuo granite in Fujian area, including lenticular to rounded porphyritic microgranular enclaves containing abundant felsic/mafic phenocrysts, elongate mafic enclaves, and back‐veining of the felsic host granite into mafic enclaves.LA‐ICP‐MS zircon U‐Pb analyses show crystallization of the granite and dioritic mafic magmatic enclave during ca. 132 and 116 Ma. The host granite and MMFs both show zircon growth during repeated thermal events at ∼210 Ma and 160–180 Ma. Samples from the magma mingling zone generally contain felsic‐derived zircons with well‐developed growth zoning and aspect ratios of 2–3, and mafic‐derived zircons with no obvious oscillatory zoning and with higher aspect ratios of 5–10. However, these two groups of zircons show no obvious trace element or age differences. The Hf‐isotope compositions show that the host granite and MMEs have similar εHf(t) values from negative to positive which suggest a mixed source from partial melting of the Meso‐Neoproterozoic with involvement of enriched mantle‐derived magmas or juvenile components. The lithologies, mineral associations, and geochemical characteristics of the mafic and felsic rocks in this study area indicate that both were intruded together, suggesting Early Cretaceous mantle‐crustal interactions along the southeastern China continental margin. The Early Cretaceous magma mingling is correlated to subduction of Paleo‐Pacific plate.
Characteristics and Origin of Tight Oil Accumulations in the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation of the Ordos Basin, North‐Central China
Authors: WU Songtao , ZOU Caineng , ZHU Rukai , YAO Jingli , TAO Shizhen , YANG Zhi , ZHAI Xiufen , CUI Jingwei , LIN Senhu 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe Upper Triassic oil accumulations in the Ordos Basin is the most successful tight oil play in China, with average porosity values of less than 10% and permeability values below 1.0 mD. This study investigated the geological characteristics and origin of the tight oil accumulations in the Chang 6 member of the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Shanbei area based on over 50, 000 petrological, source‐rock analysis, well logging and production data. The tight oil accumulation of the Chang 6 member is distributed continuously in the basin slope and the centre of the basin. The oil‐water relationships are complex. Laumontite dissolution pores are the most important storage spaces, constituting 30%‐60% of total porosity and showing a strong positive relationship with oil production. The pore‐throat diameter is less than 1 µm, and the calculated critical height of the oil column is much larger than the tight sand thickness, suggesting that the buoyancy was probably of limited importance for oil migration. The pressure difference between the source rocks and sandstone reservoirs is inferred to have provided driving force for hydrocarbon migration. Two factors of source‐reservoir configuration and laumontite dissolution contributed to the formation of the Chang 6 tight oil accumulations. Intense hydrocarbon generation and continuous sand bodies close to the hydrocarbon kitchen are the foundation for the large‐scale oil distribution. Dissolution of feldspar‐laumontite during the process of organic matter evolution generated abundant secondary pores and improved the reservoir quality.
A Method for Evaluating the Suitability of CO2 Geological Storage in Deep Saline Aquifers
Authors: LI Fucheng , ZHANG Yang , JIA Xiaofeng , LI Xufeng , JIA Xiaoleng , GUO Shengxiu 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis work established an evaluation index system based on a comprehensive analysis of those factors affecting the suitability of CO2 geological storage. This evaluation index system includes three evaluation index layers of geological safety, storage scale and social economy, nine evaluation index sub‐layers, and 28 evaluation index factors, and adopts the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and index overlay methods. Taking the Xining Basin in northwest China as an example, we conducted comprehensive analysis of geological conditions and performed quantitative evaluation based on this evaluation index system, which indicates that the Shuangshu depression of the Xining Basin is comparatively suitable for CO2 geological storage. It is suggested that this evaluation index system and the evaluation method proposed in this study are suitable for most continental sedimentary basins in China and should be widely applied.
OPA1 analysis in an international series of probands with bilateral optic atrophy
Authors: Liskova Petra , Tesarova Marketa , Dudakova Lubica , Svecova Stepanka , Kolarova Hana , Honzik Tomas , Seto Sharon , Votruba Marcela 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPurposeTo determine the molecular genetic cause in previously unreported probands with optic atrophy from the United Kingdom, Czech Republic and Canada.MethodsOPA1 coding regions and flanking intronic sequences were screened by direct sequencing in 82 probands referred with a diagnosis of bilateral optic atrophy. Detected rare variants were assessed for pathogenicity by in silico analysis. Segregation of the identified variants was performed in available first degree relatives.ResultsA total of 29 heterozygous mutations evaluated as pathogenic were identified in 42 probands, of these seven were novel. In two probands, only variants of unknown significance were found. 76% of pathogenic mutations observed in 30 (71%) of 42 probands were evaluated to lead to unstable transcripts resulting in haploinsufficiency. Three probands with the following disease‐causing mutations c.1230+1G>A, c.1367G>A and c.2965dup were documented to suffer from hearing loss and/or neurological impairment.ConclusionsOPA1 gene screening in patients with bilateral optic atrophy is an important part of clinical evaluation as it may establish correct clinical diagnosis. Our study expands the spectrum of OPA1 mutations causing dominant optic atrophy and supports the fact that haploinsufficiency is the most common disease mechanism.
Effects of vedolizumab on health‐related quality of life in patients with ulcerative colitis: results from the randomised GEMINI 1 trial
Authors: Feagan B. G. , Patel H. , Colombel J.‐F. , Rubin D. T. , James A. , Mody R. , Lasch K. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryBackgroundHealth‐related quality of life (HRQL) is often diminished in patients with ulcerative colitis.AimTo evaluate the effects of vedolizumab on HRQL in patients with ulcerative colitis.MethodsUsing maintenance phase data from the GEMINI 1 study, an analysis of covariance model was used to calculate mean differences between the vedolizumab and placebo groups in changes from baseline to week 52 for 3 HRQL instruments: The Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ), 36‐Item Short Form Health Survey (SF‐36), and EQ‐5D. Proportions of patients meeting minimal clinically important difference (MCID) thresholds for changes on these instruments were compared between treatment groups for the overall population and for clinically important subgroups. Concordance between clinical remission and remission defined using IBDQ scores was examined.ResultsCompared with placebo‐treated patients, vedolizumab‐treated patients had greater improvements (152–201%) in IBDQ, EQ‐5D visual analogue scale (VAS), and EQ‐5D utility scores. Greater proportions (6.9–19.9%) of vedolizumab‐treated patients than placebo‐treated patients met MCID thresholds for all the instruments. Vedolizumab‐treated patients with lower baseline disease activity and those without prior tumour necrosis factor (TNF) antagonist failure had greater HRQL improvements. Among 127 patients with clinical remission based on complete Mayo Clinic scores, >80% also had IBDQ remission; >70% of the 150 patients with IBDQ remission demonstrated clinical remission.ConclusionsVedolizumab therapy was associated with significant improvements in HRQL measures compared with placebo. Benefits were greater in patients with lower disease activity and no prior TNF antagonist failure.
Oesophageal lichen planus: the efficacy of topical steroid‐based therapies
Authors: Podboy A. , Sunjaya D. , Smyrk T. C. , Murray J. A. , Binder M. , Katzka D. A. , Alexander J. A. , Halland M. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryBackgroundOesophageal lichen planus is an idiopathic inflammatory disorder characterized by significant oesophageal stricturing. Oesophageal lichen planus is a rare, difficult to diagnose, and likely an under recognized disease. As a result, there is no standardized approach to therapy and treatment strategies vary.AimTo examine the utility of topical steroid therapy (fluticasone or budesonide) in the management of oesophageal lichen planus.MethodsA retrospective chart review was conducted of patients diagnosed with oesophageal lichen planus who underwent baseline and follow up endoscopy pre and post topical steroid therapy between 1995 and 2016 at Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN. Average time between upper GI endoscopy was 3.2 months (0.7–11.7). Swallowed steroid preparations included fluticasone 880 μg twice daily or budesonide 3 mg twice daily. Patients were reviewed for symptomatic response to therapy using the Dakkak‐Bennett dysphagia score (0–4, no dysphagia to total aphagia). Pre‐ and post‐endoscopic findings were assessed. Additional baseline demographic, endoscopic, and histologic data were also obtained.ResultsWe identified 40 patients who met the inclusion criteria. A significant reduction in median dysphagia score from 1 (0–4) to 0 (0–3) after steroid therapy (P < 0.001) was noted. 62% of patients reported resolution of their dysphagia after receiving topical corticosteroids. 72.5% had an endoscopic response to steroid therapy.ConclusionTopical swallowed budesonide or fluticasone appear to effective treatment for oesophageal lichen planus.
Laparoscopic mesh repair of adult diaphragmatic hernia: A report of two cases
Authors: Oguma Junya , Ozawa Soji , Kazuno Akihito , Nitta Miho , Ninomiya Yamato 
Published: November 2016

AbstractCongenital diaphragmatic hernia is very rare in adults. The first choice of treatment is surgery, but the optimal surgical method remains unclear. We performed laparoscopic surgeries for two types of congenital diaphragmatic hernias using a novel mesh coated with a chemically modified substance. The first patient was a 65‐year‐old man with a Bochdalek hernia without a hernial sac, and the other patient was an 80‐year‐old woman with a Morgagni hernia with a hernial sac. The short‐term outcomes of both cases were good, and laparoscopic repair seems to be a useful strategy regardless of the presence or absence of a hernial sac.
Chronic LiCl pretreatment suppresses thrombin‐stimulated intracellular calcium mobilization through TRPC3 in astroglioma cells
Authors: Uemura Takuji , Green Marty , Warsh Jerry J 
Published: November 2016

ObjectivesTransient receptor potential canonical type 3 (TRPC3) channels are activated in B lymphoblast cell lines from patients with bipolar disorder (BD), and its expression is reduced by chronic lithium treatment, implicating TRPC3 in the intracellular calcium (Ca2+) dyshomeostasis of BD. Thrombin, via a protease‐activated receptor, moderates Ca2+ signaling and TRPC3 in astrocytes, and also cell proliferation. We examined whether lithium pretreatment attenuates thrombin‐stimulated TRPC3 expression and function in astrocytes, and levels of the calcium‐binding peptide, S100B, which is expressed mainly in these cells.MethodsHuman astroglioma, U‐87MG, cells were pretreated with 1 mmol L−1 LiCl for 1 day (acute), 3 days (subacute), and 7 days (chronic). To examine the role of TRPC3, genetically stable knockdown TRPC3 cells (TRPC3Low cells) were constructed using U‐87MG cells. Thrombin (2.0 U/mL)‐stimulated Ca2+ mobilization was measured by ratiometric fluorimetry. Changes in TRPC3 and S100B expression levels were determined by quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting, respectively. Cell proliferation was also measured using the WST‐8 assay.ResultsIn this cell model, thrombin‐stimulated Ca2+ mobilization, and both TRPC3 and S100B expression were suppressed by chronic LiCl pretreatment and the knockdown of TRPC3. Additionally, cell proliferation was attenuated in TRPC3Low cells, compared with the negative control vector‐transfected cell.ConclusionsThe reduced Ca2+ mobilization and S100B expression levels following chronic LiCl pretreatment and in TRPC3Low cells support the notion that TRPC3 modulates S100B expression and is the target of the LiCl effect. Downregulation of TRPC3 may be an important mechanism by which lithium ameliorates pathophysiological intracellular Ca2+ disturbances as observed in BD, accounting, in part, for its mood‐stabilizing effects.
Dynamic testing and test anxiety amongst gifted and average‐ability children
Authors: Vogelaar Bart , Bakker Merel , Elliott Julian G. , Resing Wilma C. M. 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundDynamic testing has been proposed as a testing approach that is less disadvantageous for children who may be potentially subject to bias when undertaking conventional assessments. For example, those who encounter high levels of test anxiety, or who are unfamiliar with standardized test procedures, may fail to demonstrate their true potential or capabilities. While dynamic testing has proven particularly useful for special groups of children, it has rarely been used with gifted children.AimWe investigated whether it would be useful to conduct a dynamic test to measure the cognitive abilities of intellectually gifted children. We also investigated whether test anxiety scores would be related to a progression in the children's test scores after dynamic training.SampleParticipants were 113 children aged between 7 and 8 years from several schools in the western part of the Netherlands. The children were categorized as either gifted or average‐ability and split into an unguided practice or a dynamic testing condition.MethodsThe study employed a pre‐test‐training‐post‐test design. Using linear mixed modelling analysis with a multilevel approach, we inspected the growth trajectories of children in the various conditions and examined the impact of ability and test anxiety on progression and training benefits.Results and conclusionsDynamic testing proved to be successful in improving the scores of the children, although no differences in training benefits were found between gifted and average‐ability children. Test anxiety was shown to influence the children's rate of change across all test sessions and their improvement in performance accuracy after dynamic training.