bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Análisis del concepto "educación de calidad" en la Constitución Mexicana
Authors: Rodríguez Camarena Carlos Salvador 
Published: July 2017

Este documento analiza el concepto de educación de calidad que se incluyó en la constitución mexicana mediante la llamada reforma educativa. Hace un breve recuento del significado genérico de calidad y de servicio, y cuál es el impacto al aplicar el vocablo a la educación. Al final se ofrece un posible contenido del concepto de educación de calidad.
Análisis crítico del juicio político. Especial referencia al Estado de Guanajuato
Authors: Vázquez Bustos Vicente 
Published: July 2017

La reciente reforma constitucional en materia del Sistema Nacional Anticorrupción, implicará un redimensionamiento y re conformación de los órganos encargados del combate a la corrupción, donde se involucra a la sociedad, además de crearse entes de relevancia constitucional; no obstante, la figura del Juicio Político permaneció intocada, generando un desfase dada la obsolescencia de esta institución y su nula eicacia. En tal sentido, el presente artículo tiene por objeto hacer un análisis crítico de la igura del Juicio Político, a partir de los antecedentes del Impeachment Británico, así como en los Estados Unidos de América, para culminar con la crítica de la igura ante citada igura en el ordenamiento jurídico mexicano, con especial referencia al estado de Guanajuato.
Los intocables del Derecho
Authors: Mora Sifuentes Francisco M. 
Published: July 2017

Josep Joan Moreso (Tortosa, España, 1959) es Catedrático de Filosofía del Derecho de la Universitat Pompeu Fabra de Barcelona de la que fue Rector (2005-2013). Después de escribir su tesis doctoral sobre la teoría jurídica de Jeremy Bentham en la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, realizó sendas estancias de investigación en la Universidad de Buenos Aires, en el Balliol College de Oxford o en Génova. Ha sido profesor en las Universidades Autónoma de Barcelona y de Girona. Sus líneas de investigación e interés se han centrado en problemas relativos al concepto de Derecho, los desacuerdos teóricos, la teoría de la interpretación jurídica, la dinámica e identidad de los sistemas jurídicos, la fundamentación del constitucionalismo, entre otros. El profesor Moreso es reconocido por defender las tesis del “positivismo jurídico inclusivo” siendo uno de los protagonistas de la ilosofía del Derecho contemporánea en nuestro entorno. Doctor Honoris Causa por la Universidad de Valparaíso, Chile y la Universidad Antenor Orrego, de Trujillo, Perú. Desde el año 2013 es Profesor Adjunto de la Universidad Diego Portales, Chile. Entre sus contribuciones destacan: Constitución. Un modelo para armar (2012); La indeterminación del Derecho y la interpretación de la Constitución (1997); La teoría jurídica de Bentham (1992)
Rethinking the nonprofit foundation: an emerging niche in the rare disease ecosystem
Authors: Bakker Annette C , La Rosa Salvatore 
Published: July 2017

In recent years, medical foundations have become increasingly influential, and now play an instrumental and integral role in the research and development of their disease area of interest. While some foundations have directly invested in taking drug candidates to the clinic, others have focused on creating specific tools for accelerating the identification and development of effective treatments. Here, we describe a new model, developed by the Children's Tumor Foundation (CTF), by which foundations may play a role in the rare disease ecosystem. On the one hand, the CTF uses its position to build bridges between academic scientists, biotech and pharmaceutical companies, and patients, to accelerate the development of treatments that really matter most to patients. On the other hand, it acts as a niche investor to fund an integrated platform for critical R&D endeavors—including elements such as a patient registry, biobank, and open data platforms—which smoothen the transition from basic discovery to clinical benefit. Currently, the Children's Tumor Foundation is launching a call to top finance experts to collaborate on building an innovative model that will guarantee long‐term sustainability of this integrated platform (Fig ).
Mitotic Gene Conversion Tracts Associated with Repair of a Defined Double-Strand Break in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Hum Yee Fang , Jinks-Robertson Sue 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Mitotic recombination between homologous chromosomes leads to the uncovering of recessive alleles through loss of heterozygosity. In the current study, a defined double-strand break was used to initiate reciprocal loss of heterozygosity between diverged homologs of chromosome IV in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. These events resulted from the repair of two broken chromatids, one of which was repaired as a crossover and the other as a noncrossover. Associated gene conversion tracts resulting from the donor-directed repair of mismatches formed during strand exchange (heteroduplex DNA) were mapped using microarrays. Gene conversion tracts associated with individual crossover and noncrossover events were similar in size and position, with half of the tracts being unidirectional and mapping to only one side of the initiating break. Among crossover events, this likely reflected gene conversion on only one side of the break, with restoration-type repair occurring on the other side. For noncrossover events, an ectopic system was used to directly compare gene conversion tracts produced in a wild-type strain to heteroduplex DNA tracts generated in the absence of the Mlh1 mismatch-repair protein. There was a strong bias for unidirectional tracts in the absence, but not in the presence, of Mlh1. This suggests that mismatch repair acts on heteroduplex DNA that is only transiently present in noncrossover intermediates of the synthesis dependent strand annealing pathway. Although the molecular features of events associated with loss of heterozygosity generally agreed with those predicted by current recombination models, there were unexpected complexities in associated gene conversion tracts.
Wind speed characteristics and implications for wind power generation: Cape regions, South Africa
Authors: Wright Marc A. , Grab Stefan W. 
Published: July 2017

Spatio-temporal dynamics of near-surface wind speeds were examined across the Northern, Western and Eastern Cape regions of South Africa. The regions assessed were geographically subdivided into three zones: coastal, coastal hinterland and inland. Wind speed data (10 m) were evaluated at monthly, seasonal, annual and zonal resolutions, with the aim to establish wind speed attributes and trends. Data from 19 weather stations with high-resolution wind records between 1995 and 2014 were evaluated. The majority of stations (79%) recorded a decrease in mean annual wind speed over the study period. The mean rate of decrease across all stations over the 20-year period equates to -1.25%, quantifying to an annual decrease of -0.002 m/s/year (-0.06% pa). The largest seasonal decline of -0.006 m/s/year (-0.15% pa) was recorded in summer. Statistically significant declines in mean annual wind speed are somewhat more pronounced for the coastal zone (-0.003 m/s/year, -0.08% pa) than over interior regions (-0.002 m/s/year, -0.06% pa) for the study period. The largest decrease (-0.08% pa) was recorded for the coastal zone, followed by the inland zone (-0.06% pa), equating to an annual reduction in available energy of 0.18% pa and 0.09% pa, respectively. When considering all stations over the study period, the mean inter-annual variability is 3.11%. Despite such decreases in wind speed, the variance identified in this study would not have posed any risk to power generation from wind across the assessed stations, based on the period 1995 to 2014.

Significance:

Mean recorded wind speed decreases have been marginal under recent (last 20 years) climatic conditions and change, thus adding confidence to the justification by the South African government to procure additional wind-generated electricity capacity.
Wind speed trends and variance measured over the research period (1995–2014) for the Cape stations in this study, would not have posed any risk to power generation from wind.
Only four stations (28.6%) recorded statistically significant trends at the 0.05% level; of these 75% were decreasing trends.
Coastal zones recorded a statistically larger decrease in mean wind speed compared to inland regions.
When considering all stations over the period 1995–2014, the mean inter-annual variability is 3.11%.
Extreme 1-day rainfall distributions: Analysing change in the Western Cape
Authors: De Waal Jan H. , Chapman Arthur , Kemp Jaco 
Published: July 2017

Severe floods in the Western Cape Province of South Africa have caused significant damage to property and infrastructure over the past decade (2003–2014). The hydrological design criteria for exposed structures and design flood calculations are based mostly on the implicit assumption of stationarity, which holds that natural systems vary within an envelope of variability that does not change with time. This assumption was tested by examining the changes in extreme 1-day rainfall high percentiles (95th and 98th) and both the 20- and 50-year return period rainfall, comparing the period 1950–1979 against that of 1980–2009 across the province. A generalised Pareto distribution and a peaks-over-threshold sampling approach was applied to 76 rainfall stations across the province. Of these stations, 48 (63%) showed an increase in the 50-year return period 1-day rainfall and 28 (37%) showed a decrease in the 1980–2009 period at the 95th percentile peaks-over-threshold. At the 98th percentile peaks-over-threshold, 49 stations (64%) observed an increase and 27 (36%) a decrease for the later period. The change in the number of 3-day storms from the first to the second period is negligible, evaluated at 0.9% and 0.5% at the 95th and 98th percentile peaks-over-threshold levels, using cluster analysis. While there is no clear spatial coherency to the results, the general trend indicates an increase in frequency of intense rainfalls in the latter half of the 20th and early 21st centuries. These results bring into question assumptions of stationarity commonly used in design rainfall.

Significance:

63% of analysed rainfall stations in the Western Cape display an increase in 20- and 50-year 1-day rainfall extremes.
The results challenge the current assumptions of climate stationarity made in design rainfall estimations.
We propose an alternative methodology to rainfall extremes analysis for design flood estimation.
The methods employed can be replicated by future studies in other regions.
importance of monitoring the Greater Agulhas Current and its inter-ocean exchanges using large mooring arrays
Authors: Morris Tamaryn , Hermes Juliet , Bea Lisa , Du Plessis Marcel , Duncombe Rae Christopher , Gulekana Mthuthuzeli , Lamont Tarron , Speich Sabrina , Roberts Michael , Ansorge Isabelle J. 
Published: July 2017

The 2013 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report, using CMIP5 and EMIC model outputs suggests that the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC) is very likely to weaken by 11–34% over the next century, with consequences for global rainfall and temperature patterns. However, these coupled, global climate models cannot resolve important oceanic features such as the Agulhas Current and its leakage around South Africa, which a number of studies have suggested may act to balance MOC weakening in the future. To properly understand oceanic changes and feedbacks on anthropogenic climate change we need to substantially improve global ocean observations, particularly within boundary current regions such as the Agulhas Current, which represent the fastest warming regions across the world’s oceans. The South African science community, in collaboration with governing bodies and international partners, has recently established one of the world’s most comprehensive observational networks of a western boundary current system, measuring the Greater Agulhas Current System and its inter-ocean exchanges south of Africa. This observational network, through its design for long-term monitoring, collaborative coordination of resources and skills sharing, represents a model for the international community. We highlight progress of the new Agulhas System Climate Array, as well as the South African Meridional Overturning Circulation programme, which includes the Crossroads and GoodHope hydrographic transects, and the South Atlantic MOC Basin-wide Array. We also highlight some of the ongoing challenges that the programmes still face.

Significance:

Large mooring arrays have been successfully deployed to monitor the Greater Agulhas Current system.
Capacity development is ongoing, although established, in marine science around South Africa.
Challenges exist with regard to retention of skilled staff, resources and funding.
extent of South African authored articles in predatory journals
Authors: Mouton Johann , Valentine Astrid 
Published: July 2017

We present a first estimate of the extent of predatory publishing amongst South African academics. This estimate is based on an analysis of all South African authored papers that qualified for subsidy over the period 2005 to 2014. The analysis shows that 4246 South African papers were published in 48 journals which we re-classified (refining Beall’s classification) as either being probably or possibly predatory. A breakdown of these papers by year shows that the greatest increase in predatory publishing has occurred since 2011. Results are also presented of the distribution of these papers by individual university and scientific field. We conclude with some suggestions about predatory publishing and its pervasive consequence for our trust in science and how this should be addressed by the major stakeholders in the South African higher education system.

Significance:

This study is the first to analyse the extent of predatory publishing in South Africa.
Nanoscale flow cytometry of patient plasma for the detection of prostate cancer-associated extracellular vesicles
Authors: Poon Andrew C. , Garzon Johanna , Brett Sabine , Lowerison Matthew , Williams Karla , Leong Hon S. 
Published: July 2017

Introduction Prostate cancer is the predominant cancer in men, affecting one in seven men during their lifetime. Current tests for prostate cancer include the digital rectal exam and the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are submicron particles that participate in intercellular cross-talk by releasing cell mediators such as microRNA, carbohydrates and proteins. While they are known to express the broad tetraspanin family of proteins, i.e. CD9/CD63, prostate cancer-derived EVs have also been found to express PSA and six transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate (STEAP1). Traditionally, scientists have purified these EVs through ultracentrifugation. Here we propose a tandem purification of patient plasma, followed by nanoscale flow cytometry (A50+) as a novel method to detect tumour-derived EVs. Materials and Methods Plasma was obtained from healthy volunteers, patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and patients with metastatic prostate cancer. CD9, CD63, PSA and STEAP1 were used as primary antibodies for the purification of EVs from neat plasma. To perform the purification in tandem, Protein G immunoprecipitation using CD9 and PSA was carried out first, followed by immunoaffinity purification with biotinylated CD63 and STEAP1. First and second elutions were collected for the enumeration of dual positive events by A50+. Initial histogram overlays and bivariate plots of neat and purified plasma were computed, then exported as comma-separated values for mathematical modelling by MATLAB. Results Strong dual positive EV populations from patient plasma were optimised, demonstrating that the method enriches tumour-derived EVs from neat samples of patient plasma. This was observed for HVs, patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia, and prostate cancer patients with Gleason 4+4. Enrichment in these purified samples was measured by A50+ and demonstrated by overlaying purified and non-purified histoplots by MATLAB. Additional results show that PSA and STEAP1 can be adapted to detect single or dual positive populations of tumour-associated EVs in prostate cancer patients. Discussions and Conclusions This study suggests that tandem purification of tumour-associated EVs and A50+ analysis from plasma of prostate cancer patients can lead to earlier diagnosis and risk stratification, compared to traditional screening tests and aspiration cytology. Future studies will be directed toward optimizing this detection method for markers of other cancer types to achieve better outcomes in cancer detection and prognosis.
Prevalence of anemia among pregnant women in rural Koppal: a study from teaching hospital, Koppal, India
Authors: N. Seema B. 
Published: July 2017

Background: Anemia is the nutritional deficiency disorder and 56% of all women living in developing countries are anaemic according to World Health Organization. India has the highest prevalence of anaemia and 20% of total maternal deaths are due to anemia. To determine the prevalence of anemia and factors influencing its causation among pregnant women. Methods: This is the study of 1769 pregnant women which was conducted in a rural population of Koppal district, Karnataka, India, from June 2016 to November 2016 i.e. a period of 6 months. This longitudinal prospective observational study was conducted in the district hospital of Koppal. Anemia was classified as per the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) criteria. The diagnosis of anemia was undertaken by peripheral blood smear examination and standard hemoglobin estimation by shale’s method.Results: The average age of pregnant women was 23.5 years, ranging between 18 and 40 years. Most of the women belonged to below poverty line (BPL) families (84.6%) and Hindu religion (98%). Regarding education, 28.9% were illiterates. The mean haemoglobin level was found to be 8.95. Prevalence of anemia was 96.5% among the pregnant females in this region of rural Koppal. Out of these 22.47% had mild anemia, 56.30% had moderate anemia, 14.98% had severe anemia and 2.73% very severe anemia according to ICMR classification of anemia.Conclusions: High prevalence of anemia among pregnant women indicates anemia to be a major public health problem in the rural community and indicates strict implementation of National Nutrition Anemia prophylaxis programme. Factors such as socioeconomic status, education, birth interval, and gravida contribute to this high prevalence.
Comparison of BACTEC MGIT with conventional methods for detection of Mycobacteria in clinically suspected patients of extra pulmonary tuberculosis in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Saini Deepali , Singh Amit , Kumar Adesh , Rawat Rajani , Verma Rajesh K. , Singh Dharmendra P. 
Published: July 2017

Background: Tuberculosis is an important public health problem in India and globally. Extra pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) constitutes for approximately 15 to 20 per cent of all cases of tuberculosis in immunocompetent patients and accounts for more than 50 per cent of the cases in HIV- positive individuals. Main problem with the extra-pulmonary tuberculosis is the paucibacillary nature of the specimen, which makes the diagnosis difficult and delay the treatment. With this in background, this study aimed at the isolation of Mycobacteria from clinical specimens of patients suspected of extra pulmonary tuberculosis using BACTEC MGIT, Lowenstein Jensen (LJ) media and direct acid-fast bacilli smear examination.Methods: A total of 66 samples were processed for direct AFB smear examination, and culture on MGIT and LJ media. Acid fast staining of the specimens was done using the Ziehl-Neelsen method.Results: Among 66 specimens, MGIT gave a higher yield of mycobacteria (46.9%), lower contamination rate (3%) and shorter time to positive culture as compared to LJ media.Conclusions: MGIT gives higher yield and faster results.
Estimation of salivary glycoconjugates and salivary ros levels in chronic periodontitis: a clinico-biochemical study
Authors: Roy Jenny Susan , Manjunath Nandini , Bhat Kishore , George Anjana Mary , Nishana Fathimath , Mathew Lia 
Published: July 2017

Background: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of periodontal tissue, characterized by persistent inflammation of the connective tissue and alveolar bone destruction. Patients with periodontal disease show the differences in the composition of saliva. Newer diagnostic tools based on analysis of body fluids such as saliva, GCF and serum are found to be useful for diagnosis as well as monitoring the disease activity. Thus, aim of the study was to estimate the concentration of salivary glycoconjugates (sialic acid, total protein) and salivary ROS in unstimulated whole saliva of subjects with chronic periodontitis and to compare the concentration with healthy/gingivitis subjects.Methods: The study sample consisted of 60 subjects (33 males and 27 females) with age ranging from 30-60 years. A detailed case history was taken from all the subjects and periodontal disease parameters (bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment levels) were recorded at baseline and subjects were divided into 2 groups. Group I- control group (healthy/gingivitis subjects) and Group II -test group (chronic periodontitis). Saliva samples were collected from the subjects and stored at -700 ºC. Periodate Resorcinol Assay was done to estimate the levels of sialic acid, Biuret test was done to assess the levels of total protein and d-ROMs test was done to assess the level of ROS. Statistical analysis was done using students unpaired ‘t’ test and Pearsons correlation test. Results: It was found that the levels of salivary glycoconjugates and ROS are increased in subjects with chronic periodontitis when compared to healthy/gingivitis subjects. Thus it can reflect the clinical status of gingival and periodontal tissues.Conclusions: Estimation of the levels of glycoconjugates and ROS may be used as one of the reliable biomarkers to assess the severity of periodontal disease and to monitor the disease progression.
Presier’s disease: idiopathic avascular necrosis of scaphoid in a case presenting with wrist pain in young male
Authors: Suthar Pokhraj P. , Parmar Gaurav R. , Trivedi Chinmay , Vithlani Hemen I. 
Published: July 2017

A 25-years-old male presented with complain of pain in right wrist and difficulty in gripping objects. No history of trauma to the right wrist joint. On local examination, tenderness was present in right anatomical snuff box. Tenderness was elicited by axial compression on right first metacarpal with decreased range of the motion at the right wrist compare to the left side. Routine blood investigation was within normal limits. X-ray of the right wrist joint showed minimal sclerotic in right scaphoid. On MRI right wrist joint, low intensity signal was seen involving the whole right scaphoid bone on T1 weighted, T2 weighted and STIR images with loss of normal marrow signal intensity. So according to the Herbert and Lanzetta it was stage 4 and Kalainov et al, type 1 avascular necrosis. Diagnosis of idiopathic avascular necrosis of the right scaphoid bone was postulated based on clinical and radiological findings. Patient was treated with vascularised pedicle bone graft from the right distal radius. The patient was gradually improved clinically with subsidence of pain and improvement in the grip strength over 1 year.