bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical solution of Stefan problem with variable space grid method based on mixed finite element/finite difference approach
Authors: Ivanovic Milos , Svicevic Marina , Savovic Svetislav 
Published: October 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to improve the accuracy and stability of the existing solutions to 1D Stefan problem with time-dependent Dirichlet boundary conditions. The accuracy improvement should come with respect to both temperature distribution and moving boundary location.Design/methodology/approachThe variable space grid method based on mixed finite element/finite difference approach is applied on 1D Stefan problem with time-dependent Dirichlet boundary conditions describing melting process. The authors obtain the position of the moving boundary between two phases using finite differences, whereas finite element method is used to determine temperature distribution. In each time step, the positions of finite element nodes are updated according to the moving boundary, whereas the authors map the nodal temperatures with respect to the new mesh using interpolation techniques.FindingsThe authors found that computational results obtained by proposed approach exhibit good agreement with the exact solution. Moreover, the results for temperature distribution, moving boundary location and moving boundary speed are more accurate than those obtained by variable space grid method based on pure finite differences.Originality/valueThe authors’ approach clearly differs from the previous solutions in terms of methodology. While pure finite difference variable space grid method produces stable solution, the mixed finite element/finite difference variable space grid scheme is significantly more accurate, especially in case of high alpha. Slightly modified scheme has a potential to be applied to 2D and 3D Stefan problems.
Working around it
Authors: Naweed Anjum , Trigg Joshua , Allan Matthew , Chapman Janine 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
The rail driver workplace is full of challenges for effective health management. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how known barriers in rail driving may be overcome by seeking enablers of positive health status and lifestyle.

Design/methodology/approach
Five focus groups were conducted with 29 rail drivers from four rail organisations across three Australian states. Transcribed data were analysed using directed content analysis and thematic coding to develop health enabler themes and categories.

Findings
Formal initiatives to manage health were piecemeal. Efforts to maintain health involved countering deteriorative, and promoting restorative, health factors. Themes systematically illustrated work environmental, adaptational, and autonomous features of health management. Participants expressed many different approaches to enabling positive health status, and how these connected to known barriers.

Research limitations/implications
Discussion of personal health issues within the rail industry is considered a taboo topic by some, therefore participants who took part in this study data may be more representative of health-conscious drivers.

Practical implications
Occupational health in rail can be enabled in multiple ways, including: improving social support, scheduling certainty, and cross-communication around health behaviours; increasing flexibility and environmental support for health behaviours; and directly promoting dietary control and physical activity engagement. Given the diversity and global representativeness of rail systems found within Australia, the findings have international application.

Originality/value
This study uses a strength-focussed approach to highlight multiple leverage points for organisational rail-driver health interventions across three levels of the system, helping improve health intervention efficacy despite the intractable nature of their environments.
Tackling workplace bullying
Authors: Georgakopoulos Alexia , Kelly Michael P. 
Published: October 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to raise awareness of the benefits of wellness programs for contemporary organizations and aids in tackling workplace bullying.Design/methodology/approachThis study used a qualitative design and employs a new empirical approach to tackle workplace bullying. With over a hundred working professionals engaged in focus groups and facilitation methodologies for a total of five workshops and 60 hours, this study suggests a new framework for intervening in workplace bullying that considers workplace wellness as a system.FindingsThe findings revealed that these professionals perceived workplace wellness as a formidable component of the health and success of employees, organizations, and community, and perceived workplace bullying as a serious threat to physical and mental wellness. Employee participation and involvement in the design of workplace wellness programs was viewed as essential to the success of these programs in organizations.Research limitations/implicationsThis research has implications as it expands understanding and discovery into what aids employees to reduce their stress, fatigue, anxiety, and other conditions that lead to conflict or bullying in workplaces. It gives attention to a system of wellness that is vital to people and their organizations.Practical implicationsStudy participants consistently asserted their desire to be active participants in establishing workplace wellness programs that effectively address workplace bullying, systems that enhance safety, and health.Social implicationsThis study highlights the role organizations play in shaping individual and community physical and mental well-being, health, and safety through effective workplace wellness programs.Originality/valueThis study should be helpful to organizations and researchers looking to address workplace wellness, safety, and bullying in a context broader than just liability and the cost savings of employee physical health, and may further add to the discussions of workplace wellness policy and regulation.
Comprehensive functional characterization of the glycoside hydrolase family 3 enzymes from Cellvibrio japonicus reveals unique metabolic roles in biomass saccharification
Authors: Nelson Cassandra E. , Attia Mohamed A. , Rogowski Artur , Morland Carl , Brumer Harry , Gardner Jeffrey G. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryLignocellulose degradation is central to the carbon cycle and renewable biotechnologies. The xyloglucan (XyG), β(1→3)/β(1→4) mixed‐linkage glucan (MLG) and β(1→3) glucan components of lignocellulose represent significant carbohydrate energy sources for saprophytic microorganisms. The bacterium Cellvibrio japonicus has a robust capacity for plant polysaccharide degradation, due to a genome encoding a large contingent of Carbohydrate‐Active enZymes (CAZymes), many of whose specific functions remain unknown. Using a comprehensive genetic and biochemical approach, we have delineated the physiological roles of the four C. japonicus glycoside hydrolase family 3 (GH3) members on diverse β‐glucans. Despite high protein sequence similarity and partially overlapping activity profiles on disaccharides, these β‐glucosidases are not functionally equivalent. Bgl3A has a major role in MLG and sophorose utilization, and supports β(1→3) glucan utilization, while Bgl3B underpins cellulose utilization and supports MLG utilization. Bgl3C drives β(1→3) glucan utilization. Finally, Bgl3D is the crucial β‐glucosidase for XyG utilization. This study not only sheds the light on the metabolic machinery of C. japonicus, but also expands the repertoire of characterized CAZymes for future deployment in biotechnological applications. In particular, the precise functional analysis provided here serves as a reference for informed bioinformatics on the genomes of other Cellvibrio and related species.
From vineyard to winery: a source map of microbial diversity driving wine fermentation
Authors: Morrison‐Whittle Peter , Goddard Matthew R. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryHumans have been making wine for thousands of years and microorganisms play an integral part in this process as they not only drive fermentation, but also significantly influence the flavour, aroma and quality of finished wines. Since fruits are ephemeral, they cannot comprise a permanent microbial habitat; thus, an age‐old unanswered question concerns the origin of fruit and ferment associated microbes. Here we use next‐generation sequencing approaches to examine and quantify the roles of native forest, vineyard soil, bark and fruit habitats as sources of fungal diversity in ferments. We show that microbial communities in harvested juice and ferments vary significantly across regions, and that while vineyard fungi account for ∼40% of the source of this diversity, uncultivated ecosystems outside of vineyards also prove a significant source. We also show that while communities in harvested juice resemble those found on grapes, these increasingly resemble fungi present on vine bark as the ferment proceeds.
Providing Family Planning Services at Primary Care Organizations after the Exclusion of Planned Parenthood from Publicly Funded Programs in Texas: Early Qualitative Evidence
Authors: White Kari , Hopkins Kristine , Grossman Daniel , Potter Joseph E. 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveTo explore organizations’ experiences providing family planning during the first year of an expanded primary care program in Texas.Data SourcesBetween November 2014 and February 2015, in‐depth interviews were conducted with program administrators at 30 organizations: 7 women's health organizations, 13 established primary care contractors (e.g., community health centers, public health departments), and 10 new primary care contractors.Study DesignInterviews addressed organizational capacities to expand family planning and integrate services with primary care.Data ExtractionInterview transcripts were analyzed using a theme‐based approach. Themes were compared across the three types of organizations.Principal FindingsEstablished and new primary care contractors identified several challenges expanding family planning services, which were uncommon among women's health organizations. Clinicians often lacked training to provide intrauterine devices and contraceptive implants. Organizations often recruited existing clients into family planning services, rather than expanding their patient base, and new contractors found family planning difficult to integrate because of clients’ other health needs. Primary care contractors frequently described contraceptive provision protocols that were not evidence‐based.ConclusionsMany primary care organizations in Texas initially lacked the capacity to provide evidence‐based family planning services that women's health organizations already provided.
The Impact of the 2013 CAP Reform on the Decoupled Payments’ Capitalisation into Land Values
Authors: Ciaian Pavel , Kancs d'Artis , Espinosa Maria 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe assess the effects of the 2013 CAP reform on the capitalisation of decoupled payments in land rental values. Our estimates suggest that the reform leads to an increase in the capitalisation of decoupled payments by an additional 18 cents for each Euro of decoupled payments relative to the pre‐reform situation. However, there is an important variation in the reform effects between Member States (MS) particularly between Old Member States (OMS) and New MS (NMS). In NMS, the capitalisation rate slightly reduces from 83% in the pre‐reform period to 79% in the post‐reform period. Although, the rate is significantly lower in OMS, it doubles (from 21% to 43%) due to the reform. The main sources of the post‐reform capitalisation in the European Union (EU) are the pre‐reform capitalisation accounting for 69% of the total post‐reform capitalisation, followed by the entitlement stock change with 19%, by the internal convergence of payments with 18%, the budget change (including external convergence) with 1%, and the differentiation of payments (redistributive payment) with −7%. Overall, our estimates suggest that on average in the EU, the non‐farming landowners’ policy gains are 27% of the total decoupled payments in the post‐reform period compared to 18% in the pre‐reform period.
Identification of Thiols in Yellow Onion (Allium cepa L.) Using Solvent Vented Large Volume Injection GC‐MS
Authors: Wermes Clint , Cannon Robert , Haasnoot Sytze , Colstee Hans , Niedeveld Cor , Koopmanschap Gijs , Da Costa Neil C. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThiols are often highly odor active molecules and as such can significantly contribute to aroma while being present at extremely low concentrations. This paper details the identification of thiols in yellow onion juice by solvent extraction followed by thiol enrichment using a mercuric agarose gel column. Due to the inherent thermal instability and low concentrations of thiols in onion, chromatographic analysis utilized larger volume solvent elimination injections. New sulfur compounds in onion included 1,1‐propanedithiol, bis‐(1‐sulfanylpropyl)‐sulfide, 1‐methylsulfanyl‐1‐propanethiol, 1‐propylsulfanyl‐1‐propanethiol, and 1‐allylsulfanyl‐1‐propanethiol. A discussion on the potential route of formation for each compound is included along with the orthonasal and retronasal evaluations of the synthesized molecules. This work investigated and identified 5 newly identified compounds present in onions that can impart onion character at low concentrations levels.
Differential expression of the three Alcanivorax borkumensis SK2 genes coding for the P450 cytochromes involved in the assimilation of hydrocarbons
Authors: Sevilla Emma , Yuste Luis , Moreno Renata , Rojo Fernando 
Published: October 2017

SummaryAlcanivorax borkumensis, a marine bacterium highly specialized in degrading linear and branched alkanes, plays a key ecological role in the removal of marine oil spills. It contains several alternative enzyme systems for terminal hydroxylation of alkanes, including three P450 cytochromes (P450‐1, P450‐2 and P450‐3). The present work shows cytochrome P450‐1 to be expressed from the promoter of the upstream gene fdx. Promoter Pfdx was more active when C8‐C18 n‐alkanes or pristane were assimilated than when pyruvate was available. The product of ABO_0199 (named CypR) was identified as a transcriptional activator of Pfdx. The inactivation of cypR impaired growth on tetradecane, showing the importance of the fdx‐P450‐1 and/or cypR genes. P450‐2 expression was low‐level and constitutive under all conditions tested, while that of P450‐3 from promoter P450‐3 was much higher when cells assimilated pristane than when n‐alkanes or pyruvate were available. However, the inactivation of P450‐3 had no visible impact on pristane assimilation. Cyo terminal oxidase, a component of the electron transport chain, was found to stimulate promoter PP450‐3 activity, but it did not affect promoters Pfdx or PP450‐2. A. borkumensis, therefore, appears to carefully coordinate the expression of its multiple hydrocarbon degradation genes using both specific and global regulatory systems.
Treatment and outcomes of melanoma in Asia: Results from the National Cancer Centre Singapore
Authors: Teh Yi Lin , Goh Wei Lin , Tan Sze Huey , Yong Grace , Sairi Alisa Noor Hidayah , Soo Khee Chee , Ong Johnny , Chia Claramae , Tan Grace , Soeharno Henry , Tan Mann Hong , Chan Michelle , Sathiyamoorthy Selvarajan , Sittampalam Kesavan , Teh Jonathan , Chin Francis , Sethi Vijay , Teo Melissa , Quek Richard , Farid Mohamad 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundAcral melanoma (AM) and mucosal melanoma (MM) make up more than half of melanomas in Asia but comprise only 5% of cases in Caucasians, where cutaneous melanoma (CM) predominates. AM and MM are thought to be genetically and biologically distinct from CM. We report the characteristics and outcomes of melanoma patients from the National Cancer Centre Singapore.MethodsCase records of 210 patients treated between 2002 and 2014 were reviewed.ResultsMedian follow‐up was 2.5 years. CM, AM and MM made up of 37.6%, 33.8% and 16.2% of cases, respectively, with 6.2% each having ocular melanoma and unknown primary. Caucasians made up 16.2% of patients, accounting for 36.7% of CM but only 2.8 of AM and 2.9% of MM. Patients with MM (2.9% stage I, 14.7% stage IV) presented with higher American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage than those with AM (16.9% stage I, 5.6% stage IV) or CM (24.1% stage I, 8.9% stage IV) (P = 0.01). Median overall survival (OS) was 5.7 years for all patients, and 1.0 year for metastatic disease. Considering stage I–III disease, multivariable Cox regression analysis demonstrated age ≥60 years and higher stage to be independent adverse prognostic factors for RFS and OS. Sentinel lymph node biopsy, undertaken for 56 stage I–III patients (25 AM, 31 CM) did not influence outcome.ConclusionOur study reinforces the known unique clinicopathologic features of melanomas in Asians where AM and MM predominate. Age and stage remain the most critical prognostic factors across all subtypes.
Letter: enteral nutrition therapy for the induction of remission in paediatric Crohn's disease
Authors: Dai C. , Cao Q. , Jiang M. 
Published: October 2017

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Feathers et al and Swaminath et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14359 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14253.
Editorial: rifaximin in cirrhosis—is this what we've been waiting for? Authors’ reply
Authors: Kang S. H. , Lee Y. B. , Lee J.‐H. 
Published: October 2017

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Huang and Kang et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14325 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14275.
Letter: low‐FODMAP diet for exercise‐induced gastrointestinal syndrome—Authors’ reply
Authors: Costa R. J. S. , Snipe R. M. J. , Kitic C. M. , Gibson P. R. 
Published: October 2017

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Uno and Costa et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14330 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14157.
Single‐incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy for gallbladder torsion: A case report and literature review
Authors: Matsubara Keiso , Urushihara Takashi , Oshita Akihiko , Itamoto Toshiyuki 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe present a case of preoperatively diagnosed gallbladder torsion (GT) that was successfully treated by single‐incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy. An 80‐year‐old woman presented with sudden pain and a palpable mass in the right upper quadrant. Contrast‐enhanced CT revealed ischemic changes, a swollen gallbladder with a V‐shaped distortion of the extrahepatic ducts, and the gallbladder in an abnormal anatomical position; clinical findings indicated GT. We performed single‐incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy and intraoperatively found that the floating gallbladder was twisted counterclockwise by 180° around the cystic duct. After an uneventful postoperative course, the patient was discharged on postoperative day 7. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for a GT was first performed in 1994, and since then, 28 cases, including ours, have been treated laparoscopically. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for GT could be the standard treatment for this condition, and single‐incision laparoscopic cholecystectomy may be a good surgical option for patients with GT because of its anatomical characteristics.
A method for extracting carboxy‐myoglobin from beef
Authors: Waga Masahiro , Takeda Shiro , Sakata Ryoichi 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe present study was conducted to devise a method for the effective extraction of carboxy‐myoglobin (COMb) from beef without carbon monoxide dissociation. The ratio of COMb to myoglobin was computed at absorptions of wavelengths 541 and 551 nm, which characterize COMb and the isosbestic point between COMb and deoxy‐myoglobin, respectively. The COMb extraction rate was found to vary with temperature, pH and oxygen conditions. The decrease observed in this rate was inversely proportional to the rise in extraction temperature. The COMb extraction rate was also affected by pH, and the stability of COMb in the extract solution was the highest at pH 8.0–9.0. Moreover, the presence of oxygen was found to disturb COMb extraction. According to these results, nearly all COMb could be extracted from carbon‐monoxide‐treated beef under stirring conditions in pH 8.5 deoxidized buffer, at 1°C, and under N2 flow with the improved extraction method in this study (98.1 ± 2.7%). The decrement of COMb in the extract was accelerated by light, and the COMb was stable for 20 min in the dark, at 1°C. The extraction conditions for COMb described above should allow the accurate evaluation of COMb in meat tissue.
Perspective of landscape change following early settlement (landnám) in Svalbarðstunga, northeastern Iceland
Authors: Roy Natasha , Woollett James , Bhiry Najat , Haemmerli Guillaume , Forbes Véronique , Pienitz Reinhard 
Published: October 2017

A series of peat monoliths was collected from Hjálmarvík, Kúðá and Bægístaðir, three abandoned farm sites located on a transect extending from the coast to 18 km inland in the Svalbarðstunga region (northeastern Iceland) in order to document the impact of human occupation and patterns of land use on landscape change and vegetation. Svalbarðstunga is of considerable interest because of the geographical and ecological features that distinguish it from other regions of Iceland, in particular by the more direct influence of the cold East Greenland Current (EGC). Plant and insect macrofossils and diatoms identified in peat monoliths provided proxy indicators of human settlement and land use that in some cases corroborate, and in others expand upon, existing archaeological and historical dates. Based on the presence of ecofacts (calcined bones, fish bones and charcoal), synanthropic insects and some anthropogenic plant‐indicators (e.g. weeds), we showed that there was a consistent occupation and use of the coastal site of Hjálmarvík sinceAD970. At Kúðá, the scenario is quite different. Two periods of occupation or land use were identified: from prior toc.AD960 to 1190 and fromc.AD1650 to 1870. In the 15th and into the 16th centuries, the decrease in the deposition of traces of fuel wastes around the inland farm sites (Kúðá and Bægístaðir) suggests that they were used much less frequently. The decline of such proxies for human occupation occurred shortly before the occurrence of the coldest conditions from the 16th to the 17th centuries as well as prior to the V1477 eruption, suggesting that these natural factors may not have been the primary or unique driver of changing modes of tenancy. A scenario of famine‐related depopulation would have played a significant role in this decrease in the human impact on vegetation.