bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Micro‐injection molding of thermoplastic polymers: Proposal of a constitutive law as function of the aspect ratios
Authors: Mélé Patrice , Giboz Julien 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTBased on experimental measurements of the in situ conditions within polymer flow during micro‐injection molding, a new geometrical parameter is defined to predict realistic dimensions of micro‐parts (μparts). To this aim, thin‐walled parts of various aspect ratios “length/thickness” (L/h) were first molded, with two different polymers: (i) a polystyrene and (ii) a cyclo‐olefin copolymer. It is shown that pressure drops (ΔPi), measured between the injection pressure and the various sensors present in the mold, are directly related to the square of the ratio of L/h. This approach has finally been successfully applied to the results of the literature, confirming its relevance. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45719.
Improvement of surface hydrophilicity, water uptake, biodegradability, and cytocompatibility through the incorporation of chitosan oligosaccharide into poly(l‐lactide)
Authors: Wang Xuehong , Wei Jie , Chen Jianding , Tang Songchao 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTPoly(l‐lactide) (PLLA)‐based biocomposites incorporated with different amounts of chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) were developed through solvent‐casting method. Then, the physical–chemical properties, surface morphology, hydrophilicity, water uptake, biodegradability, and biocompatibility of the COS/PLLA composites were investigated. Fourier transform infrared and X‐ray diffraction results showed that strong hydrogen‐bonding interactions were presented between the COS and PLLA components. Scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscope images revealed that COS physically attached on the PLLA surface enhanced the formation of the surface seepage network, which led to the improvement of the surface biological features. A gradual rise in the level of hydrophilicity, water uptake, and degradation rate in phosphate buffered saline solution were found on increasing COS content in the COS/PLLA composites, which may provide effective support for cell adhesion and proliferation. Further, the results of cell experiments also suggested that the COS/PLLA composites had better cytocompatibility compared with PLLA. Thus, the COS/PLLA composites may have the great potential to be used for soft and bone tissue repair. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45724.
Study on morphology, molecular weight and thermal properties of composite microspheres prepared by controlling feeding ways and reaction time
Authors: Zhao Dan , Jiang Yu , Zhu Guangda , Zheng Junping , Ding Yong 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTThe application of composite microspheres closely lies on their morphology and properties. In this work, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) reinforced composite microspheres were prepared via in situ polymerization: methyl methacrylate was selected as matrix to copolymerize with cationic comonomer 2‐(methacryloyloxy)ethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride, using CNTs as nanofillers to fabricate composite microspheres. The morphology, molecular weight, and thermal properties of obtained composite microspheres with different monomer feeding ways (batch polymerization and dropwise monomer feeding procedure) and reaction time (1–6 h) were investigated. The results revealed that dropwise monomer feeding procedure leaded to remarkably decreased diameter of composite microspheres. Compared with polymer microspheres, the addition of CNTs resulted in earlier formation of composite microspheres. When the reaction time was controlled for 1–6 h, the morphology of the composite microspheres underwent a shape change from deformed particles to spherical structure. Although reaction time had no significant effect on molecular weight, the thermal property was gradually improved with increase of reaction time. For ensuring the effectiveness of the produced composite microspheres and tailoring them for any specific application, our investigation shows significant reference value on choosing feeding ways and controlling reaction time to obtain different morphology microspheres. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45741.
Water Splitting via Decoupled Photocatalytic Water Oxidation and Electrochemical Proton Reduction Mediated by Electron‐Coupled‐Proton Buffer
Authors: Li Fei , Yu Fengshou , Du Jian , Wang Yong , Zhu Yong , Li Xiaona , Sun Licheng 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWater splitting mediated by electron‐coupled‐proton buffer (ECPB) provides an efficient way to avoid gas mixing by separating oxygen evolution from hydrogen evolution in space and time. Though electrochemical and photoelectrochemcial water oxidation have been incorporated in such a two‐step water splitting system, alternative ways to reduce the cost and energy input for decoupling two half‐reactions are desired. Herein, we show the feasibility of photocatalytic oxygen evolution in a powder system with BiVO4 as a photocatalyst and polyoxometalate H3PMo12O40 as an electron and proton acceptor. The resulting reaction mixture was allowed to be directly used for the subsequent hydrogen evolution with the reduced H3PMo12O40 as electron and proton donors. Our system exhibits excellent stability in repeated oxygen and hydrogen evolution, which brings considerable convenience to decoupled water splitting.
On Observer Design for Nonlinear Caputo Fractional‐Order Systems
Authors: Jmal Assaad , Naifar Omar , Ben Makhlouf Abdellatif , Derbel Nabil , Hammami Mohamed Ali 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe observer design problem for integer‐order systems has been the subject of several studies. However, much less interest has been given to the more general fractional‐order systems, where the fractional‐order derivative is between 0 and 1. In this paper, a particular form of observers for integer‐order Lipschitz, one‐sided Lipschitz and quasi‐one‐sided Lipschitz systems, is extended to the fractional‐order calculus. Then, the obtained states estimates are used for an eventual feedback control, and the separation principle is tackled. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is shown through simulation for two numerical examples.
Simple Light‐Triggered Fluorescent Labeling of Silica Nanoparticles for Cellular Imaging Applications
Authors: Sun Rui , Yin Ling , Zhang Shaohua , He Lei , Cheng Xiaju , Wang Anna , Xia Huawei , Shi Haibin 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA simple and mild light‐triggered fluorescent labeling approach, based on the photolysis and reactive carbene insertion of diazirine, to rapidly generate fluorescent nanoparticles is reported. Proof of concept studies demonstrated that the non‐fluorescent SiNPs could be covalently labeled by diazirine‐conjugated fluorescein (dFITC) upon photo irradiation (λ=365 nm) to afford fluorescent SiNPs with good fluorescent stability and low cytotoxicity. In vitro cellular imaging results indicated that the internalization of SiNPs into living cells could be readily visualized based on fluorescein‐labeled SiNPs (F‐SiNPs) in real time. We believe that the light‐triggered labeling approach may offer a valuable method for surface modification of nanomaterials to achieve new functions.
Brønsted Base‐Mediated Regio‐ and Stereoselective trans‐Silaboration of Propargylamides: Access to 1,2‐Vinylborasilanes
Authors: Fritzemeier Russell , Santos Webster L. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA facile method for the preparation of β‐boryl‐α‐silyl aryl acrylamides using phenyllithium, dimethylphenylsilylpinacolborane, and propargylamides is reported. A key feature of this transition metal‐free reaction is the Brønsted base deprotonation of aryl secondary propargylamide to produce a Lewis base that activates the B−Si bond, which is followed by a sequential intramolecular α‐silylation‐trans‐β‐borylation. The reaction proceeds in complete regio‐ and stereoselectivity. A wide variety of N‐ and aryl‐substituted propargylamides afford trans‐1,2‐vinylborasilanes in high yield. The vicinal borasilane products undergo a variety of subsequent chemoselective transformations.
X‐ray Structure Analysis of N‐Containing Nucleophilic Compounds by the Crystalline Sponge Method
Authors: Sakurai Fumie , Khutia Anupam , Kikuchi Takashi , Fujita Makoto 
Published: September 2017

AbstractCrystalline sponges (CS) used under a set of standard conditions have often failed to give viable N‐containing nucleophilic compounds. Despite the high affinity of these nucleophiles to the binding sites of the CS, N‐containing compounds considerably harm the coordination framework of the CS during the guest‐soaking step. Herein, it is disclosed that these compounds are efficiently absorbed into the CS, without harming the host, under mild conditions (<4 °C, <2 μg) that normally do not work for common organic guests. Moreover, the use of ZnCl2 as the metal component of CS significantly improved the tolerance and robustness of the host framework toward N‐containing compounds. Out of 22 drug (or drug‐like) N‐containing compounds chosen from the WHO model list of essential medicines, we succeeded in analyzing 17 analytes with the modified protocols and/or by using the ZnCl2‐noded CS. This demonstrates that the CS method is now a practical tool for drug‐discovery research in pharmaceutical industries.
Sol‐Gel‐Chemie
Authors: Schubert Ulrich 
Published: September 2017

ZusammenfassungDer Sol‐Gel‐Prozess zur Erzeugung von Materialien mit oxidischer Grundstruktur ist eine Methode, die handwerklich sehr einfach ist (mischen – warten – verarbeiten – trocknen), bei der aber detaillierte chemische Kenntnisse notwendig sind, wenn man die optimalsten Materialeigenschaften erzielen und alle Möglichkeiten ausschöpfen möchte, die die Methode bietet („better materials through chemistry“). Der Grund dafür ist, dass die Gel‐Synthese kinetisch kontrolliert abläuft, die erhaltenen Materialien also amorph und metastabil sind. Jeder Parameter, der die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeiten der Precursoren oder Intermediate beeinflusst, hat daher Auswirkungen auf Struktur und Eigenschaften der Gele und muss genau kontrolliert werden. Die chemische Zusammensetzung der Gele lässt sich durch geeignete Precursor‐Kombinationen nahezu beliebig anpassen. Das bietet die Möglichkeit, Materialeigenschaften gezielt zu beeinflussen und anspruchsvolle, „maßgeschneiderte“ Materialien herzustellen.
Pathological complete response in patients with esophageal cancer after the trimodality approach: The association with baseline variables and survival—The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center experience
Authors: Blum Murphy Mariela , Xiao Lianchum , Patel Viren R. , Maru Dipen M. , Correa Arlene M. , G. Amlashi Fatemeh , Liao Zhongxing , Komaki Ritsuko , Lin Steven H. , Skinner Heath D. , Vaporciyan Ara , Walsh Garrett L. , Swisher Stephen G. , Sepesi Boris , Lee Jeffrey H. , Bhutani Manoop S. , Weston Brian , Hofstetter Wayne L. , Ajani Jaffer A. 
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUNDReports are limited regarding clinical and pretreatment features that might predict a pathological complete response (pathCR) after treatment in patients with esophageal cancer (EC). This might allow patient selection for different strategies. This study examines the association of a pathCR with pretreatment variables, overall survival (OS), recurrence‐free survival (RFS), and patterns of recurrence in a large cohort from a single institution.METHODSThe baseline clinical features of 911 consecutive patients with EC who were treated with trimodality therapy from January 2000 to November 2013 were analyzed. A pathCR was defined as a surgical specimen with no residual carcinoma (primary or nodes). Logistic regressions were used to identify independent baseline features associated with a pathCR. We applied log‐rank testing and Cox models to determine the association between a pathCR and the time‐to‐event outcomes (OS and RFS).RESULTSOf 911 patients, 218 (23.9%) achieved a pathCR. The pathCR rate was 23.1% for adenocarcinoma and 32.2% for squamous cell carcinoma. A lower pathCR rate was observed for 1) older patients (>60 years), 2) patients with poorly differentiated tumors, 3) patients with signet ring cells (SRCs), and 4) patients with a higher T stage. Patients with a pathCR had longer OS and RFS than those without a pathCR (P = .0021 and P = .0011, respectively). Recurrences occurred more in non‐pathCR patients. Distant metastases were the most common type of recurrence. PathCR patients developed brain metastases at a marginally higher rate than non‐pathCR patients (P = .051).CONCLUSIONSIn this large cohort study, a pathCR is confirmed to be associated with better OS and RFS. The presence of a poorly differentiated tumor or SRCs reduces the likelihood of a pathCR. Future research should focus on molecular classifiers. Cancer 2017;123:4106–4113. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Fragile X granules are a family of axonal ribonucleoprotein particles with circuit‐dependent protein composition and mRNA cargos
Authors: Chyung Eunice , LeBlanc Hannah F. , Fallon Justin R. , Akins Michael R. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractLocal axonal protein synthesis plays a crucial role in the formation and function of neuronal circuits. Understanding the role of this mechanism in specific circuits requires identifying the protein composition and mRNA cargos of the ribonucleoprotein particles (RNPs) that form the substrate for axonal translation. FXGs (Fragile X granules) are axonal RNPs present in a stereotyped subset of mature axons in the intact brain that contain one or more of the Fragile X related (FXR) proteins (FMRP, FXR2P, and FXR1P) along with mRNA and ribosomes. Here we performed a systematic survey of the FXR protein composition and mRNA association of FXGs in the brain. We have identified four FXG types that can be categorized based on their FXR protein complement. All FXGs contain FXR2P, with FMRP and/or FXR1P present in circuit‐selective subsets. Individual neuronal cell types predominantly express a single FXG type, with FMRP‐containing FXGs the most prevalent in forebrain neurons. All FXG types associate with ribosomes and mRNA, but the specific mRNA cargos are a function of FXG type, brain region and neuron class. Transcripts for β‐catenin and its regulator APC associate with a subset of forebrain FXGs. Moreover, both these transcripts can colocalize within individual FXGs, suggesting that the axonal translation of functionally related proteins may be coordinately regulated with high spatiotemporal resolution. Cell type‐dependent expression of specific RNP types with distinct mRNA cargos, such as FXGs, presents a potential mechanism for regulating local translation and its output in a circuit‐dependent manner.
Evaluation of Bioequivalence Between the New Procaterol Hydrochloride Hydrate Dry Powder Inhaler and the Approved Dry Powder Inhaler in Patients With Asthma in a Randomized, Double‐Blind, Double‐Dummy, Crossover Comparison Study: A Phase 3 Study
Authors: Shirai Ryo , Suzaki Yuki , Sato Kyoko , Takeuchi Yuko , Tokimatsu Issei , Koga Nobuyuki , Kadota Junichi , Ohashi Kyoichi 
Published: September 2017

AbstractProcaterol hydrochloride hydrate (procaterol) is a β2‐adrenergic receptor agonist that induces a strong bronchodilatory effect. The procaterol dry powder inhaler (DPI) has been frequently used in patients with bronchial asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We evaluated the bioequivalence and safety between the new procaterol DPI (new DPI) and the approved procaterol DPI (approved DPI). This study was a randomized, double‐blind, double‐dummy, crossover comparison to evaluate the pharmacodynamic equivalence of the new DPI and the approved DPI in patients with bronchial asthma. Primary efficacy variables were area under the concentration‐time curve (AUC) forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1)/h and maximum FEV1 during the 480‐minute measurement period. Patients were divided into 2 groups, New‐DPI‐First (n = 8) and Approved‐DPI‐First (n = 8), according to the investigational medical product that was administered first. Patients inhaled 20 μg of procaterol in each period. FEV1 was measured by a spirometer at predose and at 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 360, and 480 minutes after each investigational medical product administration. Equivalence was evaluated by confirming that the 2‐sided 90%CIs for the difference between the new and the approved DPI in means of AUC (FEV1)/h and maximum FEV1 were within the acceptance criteria of –0.15 to 0.15 L. The difference in means of AUC (FEV1)/h and maximum FEV1 was 0.041 L and 0.033 L, respectively, and the 90%CI was 0.004 to 0.078 L and –0.008 to 0.074 L, respectively. These CIs were both within the acceptance criteria. The new DPI was assessed as being bioequivalent to the approved DPI.
A coalitional game‐based integrated framework for optimal power allocation in multirelay cooperative environment
Authors: Lamba Amanjot Kaur , Kumar Ravi , Sharma Sanjay 
Published: September 2017

SummaryCooperative relaying has emerged as an efficient transmit strategy in wireless networks affected by fading. In multirelay scenarios, the performance of cooperative systems is heavily influenced by resource allocation among the available relays. However, in practical scenarios, a relay may not help unless the cooperation improves its own utility. To address the above problem, this paper introduces a novel integrated game‐theoretic framework that involves incentive‐based optimal power allocation among the cooperating relays. Coalition formation game has been used to model the cooperation among relays that is integrated into a Stackelberg game, for considering the benefits of source and relays jointly. The game theoretic framework has been implemented with an objective to find an optimal and stable coalition set of relays that not only maximizes their utilities but also helps the source to allocate the optimal power to the relays at the optimal price, thereby increasing its utility too. Simulation results have confirmed that the proposed game theoretic solutions achieve comparable performance in system throughput as compared with the centralized approach.
Widespread transcriptional alternations in oligodendrocytes in the adult mouse brain following chronic stress
Authors: Liu Jia , Dietz Karen , Hodes Georgia E. , Russo Scott J. , Casaccia Patrizia 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTEmerging evidence shows that oligodendrogenesis and myelination are highly responsive to behavioral experience, including physical activity and social experience. This form of myelin plasticity is being increasingly appreciated and examined in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), a critical brain region involved in complex emotional and cognitive behavior. However, it remains unclear whether myelination in other brain regions is affected by behavioral experience. Here we report that exposure to 4 weeks of chronic variable stress induced anxiety‐ and depressive‐like behavior in male adult mice. In concert with these behavioral responses, transcriptional analysis of PFC, and nucleus accumbens (NAc)—a brain region critical for reward response—revealed downregulation of transcripts encoding for myelin genes and oligodendrocyte‐specific genes. In contrast, upregulation of myelin‐related transcripts was observed in the corpus callosum (CC), whereas the amygdala (AMG) did not show significant changes. Shorter exposure to the same stressors induced behavioral changes to a less extent and was followed by a stress habituation period. However, reduced myelin and oligodendrocyte‐specific gene transcripts were detected as early as one week following stress exposure in the PFC and NAc. These data indicate that oligodendrocyte and their progenitors in multiple brain regions are responsive to stressful experiences and show distinctive and region‐specific patterns of gene expression. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 78: 152–162, 2018
A High Aspect Ratio Micropattern in Freestanding Bulk Pyroelectric Cells
Authors: Hsiao Chun‐Ching , Siao An‐Shen 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPyroelectric‐based energy harvesting with the Olsen cycle offers high energy‐transformation efficiency. The pyroelectric effect offers the opportunity to convert temporal temperature fluctuations into usable electrical energy for exploiting abundantly available waste heat. A thinner pyroelectric cell is profitable with regard to generating a higher induced current and a higher charge within a smaller working period owing to a higher temperature variation rate and a smaller thermal capacity. Nevertheless, a thicker pyroelectric cell is advantageous for generating a higher induced voltage over a longer working period owing to a smaller equivalent capacitance and a larger thermal capacity. The use of a high aspect ratio micropattern in a thicker bulk pyroelectric cell is attempted herein to improve the heat transfer and pyroelectric energy transformation by adopting a lower equivalent capacitance to enhance the induced voltage, whereas lateral temperature gradients are introduced to increase the temperature variation rate, the induced charge, and the current. Furthermore, a low‐cost sandblast etching apparatus is adopted to fabricate a high aspect ratio micropattern in thicker bulk lead zirconate titanate (PZT) pyroelectric cells. Within an integral measurement coupled thermal and electrical system, it is demonstrated that relative to a fully covered electrode cell, the high aspect ratio micropattern with an electrode area coverage of 60 % is able to significantly enhance the induced voltage by a factor of 9.3, to increase the induced current by a factor of 5.2, to increase the charge per period by a factor of 3.3, and to increase the stored voltage by a factor of 6.3.
Relationships between physical‐geochemical soil properties and erodibility of streambanks among different physiographic provinces of Tennessee, USA
Authors: Mahalder Badal , Schwartz John S. , Palomino Angelica M. , Zirkle Jon 
Published: September 2017

AbstractErosion of cohesive soils in fluvial environments is dependent on physical, geochemical and biological properties, which govern inter‐particle attraction forces and control detachment rates from stream beds and banks. Most erosion rate models are based on the excess shear stress equation where the soil erodibility coefficient (kd) is multiplied by the difference between the boundary hydraulic shear stress (τb) and the soil critical shear stress (τc). Both kd and τc are a function of soil properties and must be obtained through in situ field or laboratory testing. Many studies have generated predictive relationships for kd and τc derived from various soil properties. These studies typically were conducted in watersheds within a single physiographic region with a common surficial geology and/or investigated a limited number of soil properties, particularly geochemical properties. With widely reported differences in relationships between τc and soil properties, this study investigated differences in predictive relationships for τc among different physiographic provinces in Tennessee, USA. Erodibility parameters were determined in the field using a mini‐jet test device. Among these provinces, statistically four unique clusters were identified from a dataset of 128 observations and these data clusters were used to develop predictive models for τc to identify dominant properties governing erosion. In these clusters, 16 significant physical and geochemical soil properties were identified for τc prediction. Among these soil properties, water content and passing #200 sieve (percentage soil less than 75 μm) were the dominant controlling parameters to predict τc in addition to clay percentage (< 2 μm), bulk density, and soil pore water chemistry. This study suggests that unique relationships exist for physiographic provinces that are likely due to soil physical‐geochemical processes associated with surficial geology that determine minerology of the cohesive soil. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.