bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of a recalled injustice on the experience of experimentally induced pain and anxiety in relation to just‐world beliefs
Authors: McParland J.L. , Knussen C. , Murray J. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundA growing field of investigation into social justice cognitions and pain suggests perceived injustice has a negative impact on pain, but little is known about individual variation in the impact of a perceived injustice. One published study found that individuals with a strong rather than a weak just‐world belief reported greater pain from the cold pressor task after experiencing a perceived injustice, but an overt measure of perceived unfairness is needed to investigate this relationship.MethodsFollowing the completion of just‐world belief and state anxiety scales, and the cold pressor task, 114 healthy participants were interviewed about either an experienced injustice or the characteristics of their home, before repeating the cold pressor task. Pain and anxiety measures were completed following each cold pressor task.ResultsOpposing the hypotheses, no differences were found on pain and anxiety between the two interview conditions, and individuals with a strong just‐world belief did not report higher pain and anxiety levels following a recalled injustice. However, within the recalled injustice condition, unfairness ratings were associated with significantly increased pain and anxiety.ConclusionsRecalled personal injustice unrelated to one's current pain experience had a negative impact on pain and anxiety associated with the cold pressor task. These findings indicate that intervention development should be cognizant of the role of everyday injustices and not just those related to pain, on the pain experience.What does this study add?This study shows that, independent of just‐world beliefs, perceived unfairness associated with a recalled injustice unrelated to pain has a negative impact on the experience of acute pain.
Donor–Acceptor‐Type Heptazine‐Based Polymer Networks for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Kailasam Kamalakannan , Mesch Maria B. , Möhlmann Lennart , Baar Moritz , Blechert Siegfried , Schwarze Michael , Schröder Marc , Schomäcker Reinhard , Senker Jürgen , Thomas Arne 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA heptazine‐based polymer network (HMP‐3) with a donor–acceptor (D–A) structure was prepared and tested as catalyst for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from water. Compared to other heptazine‐based materials, which are typically prepared at high temperatures and have recently received much interest as metal‐free photocatalysts, the low‐temperature protocol applied here allows the defined introduction of organic functional groups within the polymer backbone. The structure of HMP‐3 contains alternating heptazine and benzothiadiazole moieties as electron acceptors connected by aminobenzene bridges as electron donors. The resulting material leads to enhanced hydrogen evolution compared to graphitic carbon nitride materials prepared at high temperatures (>500 °C) most probably because of the stabilization of photogenerated charge carriers in the D–A structure.
Putting a spin on palaeotsunami deposits
Authors: Goff James , McFadgen Bruce , Chagué‐Goff Catherine , Goto Kazuhisa , Nichol Scott 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPalaeotsunami research is a relatively young discipline and while considerable progress has been made in identifying the evidence of past events there are still difficulties on occasion in differentiating between palaeotsunami and palaeostorm deposits. This has tended to focus debate on the similarities and differences between deposits laid down by the two differing processes at the expense of alternative hypotheses. Although coastal research in New Zealand a decade ago drew attention to high elevation coarse sediment deposits laid down by waterspouts, it was largely ignored by the research community. Re‐analysis of a possible palaeotsunami deposit on a nearshore island in New Zealand, however, highlights the likelihood that this deposit, and perhaps many similar coastal ones, may have been laid down by waterspouts. In essence, the palaeotsunami–palaeostorm debate can no longer ignore waterspouts as an alternative hypothesis, but only time will tell how significant a contribution waterspouts have made to catastrophic coastal sedimentation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Topographic correlations with soil and regolith thickness from shallow‐seismic refraction constraints across upland hillslopes in the Valles Caldera, New Mexico
Authors: Olyphant Jared , Pelletier Jon D. , Johnson Roy 
Published: March 2016

AbstractHow rock is weathered physically and chemically into transportable material is a fundamental question in critical‐zone science. In addition, the distribution of weathered material (soil and intact regolith) across upland landscapes exerts a first‐order control on the hydrology of watersheds. In this paper we present the results of six shallow seismic‐refraction surveys in the Redondo Mountain region of the Valles Caldera, New Mexico. The P‐wave velocities corresponding to soil (≤ 0.6 km s−1) were inferred from a seventh seismic survey where soil‐thickness data were determined by pit excavation. Using multivariable regression, we quantified the relationships among slope gradient, aspect, and topographic wetness index (TWI) on soil and regolith (soil plus intact regolith) thicknesses. Our results show that both soil and regolith thicknesses vary inversely with TWI in all six survey areas while varying directly with slope aspect (i.e. thicker beneath north‐facing slopes) and inversely with slope gradient (i.e. thinner beneath steep slopes) in the majority of the survey areas. An empirical model based on power‐law relationships between regolith thickness and its correlative variables can fit our inferred thicknesses with R2‐values up to 0.880 for soil and 0.831 for regolith in areas with significant topographic variations. These results further demonstrate the efficacy of shallow seismic refraction for mapping and determining how soil and regolith variations correlate with topography across upland landscapes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Environmental and socioeconomic factors contributing to elevated blood lead levels in children from an industrial area of Upper Silesia
Authors: Pelc Wojciech , Pawlas Natalia , Dobrakowski Michał , Kasperczyk Sławomir 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

The present study concentrated on a cross-sectional analysis of recent exposure to lead (Pb) and the socioeconomic factors behind increased Pb exposure in Polish children. Lead is one of the most widespread toxic heavy metals in the industrial region of Upper Silesia (Poland). Elevated blood Pb levels in children continue to be a matter of serious concern. The present study involved 4882 children from the Upper Silesia region, aged from 3 yr to 18 yr, over the calendar years 1999 to 2013. The concentration of Pb in blood was determined in each child. The children's parents were asked to answer survey questions about the child's environmental exposure to Pb as well as the socioeconomic condition of the family. Factors that correspond with increased exposure to Pb included: lower level of education of parents, unemployment, parents' occupational Pb exposure, poor socioeconomic status of the family, smoking at home, living on the ground floor of buildings, consumption of locally grown vegetables and fruits, longer outdoor playing periods in a polluted environment, and male gender. Environmental exposure to Pb is the most important factor behind chronic poisoning of children in Upper Silesia. The most important socioeconomic factor associated with concentrations of Pb in children's blood is a lower level of education of a child's mother and father. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2597–2603. © 2016 SETAC
Comparing the sensitivity of chlorophytes, cyanobacteria, and diatoms to major-use antibiotics
Authors: Guo Jiahua , Selby Katherine , Boxall Alistair B.A. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

The occurrence of antibiotic residues in the aquatic environment is an emerging concern. In contrast to daphnia and fish, algae are known to be particularly sensitive to antibiotic exposure. However, to date, a systematic evaluation of the sensitivity of different algal species to antibiotics has not been performed. The aim of the present study was therefore to explore the sensitivity of a battery of algal species toward antibiotic exposures. The present study investigated the growth inhibition effects of 3 major-use antibiotics, tylosin, lincomycin, and trimethoprim, on 7 algal species from the chlorophyte, cyanobacteria, and diatom groups. Based on median effective concentration (EC50) values, cyanobacteria (EC50 = 0.095–0.13 μmol/L) were found to be the most sensitive group to lincomycin followed by chlorophytes (EC50 = 7.36–225.73 μmol/L) and diatoms (EC50 &gt; 225.73 μmol/L). Cyanobacteria were also the most sensitive group to tylosin (EC50 = 0.09–0.092 μmol/L), but, for this compound, diatoms (EC50 = 1.33–5.7 μmol/L) were more sensitive than chlorophytes (EC50 = 4.14–81.2 μmol/L). Diatoms were most sensitive to trimethoprim (EC50 = 7.36–74.61 μmol/L), followed by cyanobacteria (EC50 = 315.78–344.45 μmol/L), and chlorophytes (EC50 &gt; 344.45 μmol/L) for trimethoprim. Although these results partly support the current approach to regulatory environmental risk assessment (whereby cyanobacterial species are recommended for use with antibiotic compounds), they indicate that for some antibiotics this group might not be the most appropriate test organism. It is therefore suggested that environmental risk assessments consider data on 3 algal groups (chlorophytes, cyanobacteria, and diatoms) and use test species from these groups, which are consistently found to be the most sensitive (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, Anabaena flos-aquae, and Navicula pelliculosa). Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2587–2596. © 2016 SETAC
Splenic immunotoxicity in developing cane toads (Rhinella marina) from Bermuda
Authors: Fort Douglas J. , Mathis Michael , Fort Chelsea E. , Fort Hayley M. , Fort Troy D. , Linzey Donald W. , Bacon Jamie P. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

The impacts of contaminated sediment from 2 ponds in Bermuda on immune function in newly metamorphosed cane toads were examined. In the present study, a partial life-cycle experiment exposing Gosner stage 20 cane toad tadpoles to pond sediment and laboratory culture water through metamorphosis and into a juvenile state was performed. A basic immunology battery, including general necropsy, spleen somatic index, spleen white pulp content, splenocyte tissue density, and splenocyte viability, was conducted in newly metamorphosed Rhinella marina exposed to Bermuda freshwater sediment and baseline specimens collected from 2 separate populations in south Texas and south Florida, USA. Immune function was evaluated using a lymphocyte proliferation assay with subset specimens infected with Mycobacterium chelonae. In the Bermuda population exposed to pond sediment, splenocyte tissue density was markedly lower and lymphocyte proliferation substantially less relative to cohorts exposed to control sediment and to the North American populations. Considerable increases in spleen weight and liver and spleen lesions related to M. chelonae infection were recorded in challenged Bermuda R. marina compared with unchallenged specimens. Overall, immune function in Bermuda R. marina was compromised compared with North American mainland R. marina regardless of treatment but more dramatically in specimens exposed to Bermuda pond sediments. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2604–2612. © 2016 SETAC
Optimal energy allocation policies for a high altitude flying wireless access point
Authors: Ceran Elif Tugce , Erkilic Tugce , Uysal‐Biyikoglu Elif , Girici Tolga , Leblebicioglu Kemal 
Published: March 2016

AbstractInspired by recent industrial efforts towards high altitude flying wireless access points powered by renewable energy, an online resource allocation problem for a mobile access point travelling at high altitude is formulated. The access point allocates its resources (available energy) to maximise the total utility (reward) provided to a sequentially observed set of users demanding service. The problem is formulated as a 0/1 dynamic knapsack problem with incremental capacity over a finite time horizon, and the solution of which is quite open in the literature. We address the problem through deterministic and stochastic formulations followed by a model where the statistics of the underlying processes are not known and learned through rule‐based and neural network approaches. For the deterministic problem, several online approximations including optimisation via genetic algorithm and rule‐based approach are proposed based on an instantaneous threshold that can adapt to short‐time‐scale dynamics. For the stochastic model, after showing the optimality of a threshold‐based solution on a dynamic programming formulation, an approximate threshold‐based policy is obtained. The performances of proposed policies are compared with that of the optimal solution obtained through dynamic programming. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrochemical Performance of Cobalt‐free Nd0.5Ba0.5Fe1–xNixO3–δ Cathode Materials for Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Shi H. , Ding Z. , Ma G. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA new series of cobalt‐free perovskite‐type oxides, Nd0.5Ba0.5Fe1–xNixO3–δ (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.15), have been prepared by a citric acid‐nitrate process and investigated as cathode materials for proton conducting intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT‐SOFCs). The conductivity of the oxides was measured at 300–800 °C in air. It is discovered that partial substitution of Ni for Fe‐sites in Nd0.5Ba0.5Fe1–xNixO3–δ obviously enhances the conductivity of the oxides. Among the series of oxides, the Nd0.5Ba0.5Fe0.9Ni0.1O3–δ (NBFNi10) exhibits the highest conductivity of 140 S cm−1 in air at 550 °C. A single H2/air fuel cell with proton‐conducting BaZr0.1Ce0.7Y0.2O3–δ (BZCY) electrolyte membrane (ca. 40 μm thickness) and NBFNi10‐BZCY composite cathode and NiO‐BZCY composite anode was fabricated and tested at 600–700 °C. The peak power density and the interfacial polarization resistance (Rp) of the cell are 490 mW cm−2 and 0.15 Ω cm2 at 700 °C, respectively. The experimental results indicate that NBFNi10 is a promising cathode material for the proton‐conducting IT‐SOFCs.
Impacts of CO2 leakage on plants and microorganisms: A review of results from CO2 release experiments and storage sites
Authors: Ko Daegeun , Yoo Gayoung , Yun Seong‐Taek , Chung Haegeun 
Published: March 2016

AbstractCarbon capture and storage (CCS) technology, a process consisting of the separation and capture of CO2 from point sources and injection into deep geological reservoirs for long‐term isolation from the atmosphere, is considered to be a promising technology that can mitigate global climate change. However, the risk of CO2 leakage from storage sites exists, and thus its impact on ecosystem functions needs to be understood for safe implementation of CCS. Plant and microbial parameters were monitored in artificial CO2 release experiments in the field and in greenhouses. In addition, plants and microorganisms were monitored in CO2 storage sites. We review the findings from these studies and suggest directions of future research for determining the impact of potential CO2 leakage from CCS sites on plants and microorganisms. Our review showed that under high levels of soil CO2, (i) plant stress response was visible within short period of time; (ii) dicots were more sensitive than monocots in most studies; and (iii) the responses of microorganisms were more diverse and harder to generalize than those of plants. Only a limited number of field and greenhouse experimental studies have been conducted so far, and thus more field and greenhouse experimental studies are needed to better understand the plant and microbial response to elevated soil CO2 levels and elucidate specific mechanisms underlying these responses. Determining the ecological impacts of geological CO2 storage and ensuring its environmental safety via such research will make CCS a more viable technology. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Impacts of stratum dip angle on CO2 geological storage amount and security
Authors: Wang Fugang , Jing Jing , Xu Tianfu , Yang Yanlin , Jin Guangrong 
Published: March 2016

AbstractStorage strata are usually generalized as horizontal when using numerical simulation methods to analyze CO2 geological storage in saline aquifers. However, horizontal strata are not common in nature. Most strata have gradients, because of the effects of geological structure and diagenesis. Based on the actual strata dip angle variation range of two CO2 injection demonstration projects in China, five modeling schemes were designed to investigate the impact of formation dip on CO2 storage amount and space migration of gas‐phase CO2 in reservoir formation. The results show that the total CO2 storage amount is inversely proportional to formation dip, and after injection is halted, storage amounts of upper and lower parts of the same stratum reservoir have a reverse trend. Formation dip has a significant impact on the migration of CO2. The greater the formation dip, the more significant the effect on CO2 migration distance. Given the low porosity and permeability of the Shiqianfeng formation reservoir in the case study, when the stratum dip angle is 16°, at centennial time scale, CO2 migration distance is 47.06% greater than that in the horizontal reservoir. We expect that for storage reservoirs with high porosity and permeability, the influence of formation dip on CO2 migration will be more significant. Because non‐horizontal strata are predominant in deep saline aquifers in nature, regardless of the influence of formation dip, CO2 leakage risks in geological storage will be greatly underestimated. Therefore, in research related to CO2 geological storage, the stratum dip angle must be considered. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Reconstruction of multi‐decadal groundwater level time‐series using a lumped conceptual model
Authors: Jackson C. R. , Wang L. , Pachocka M. , Mackay J. D. , Bloomfield J. P. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMulti‐decadal groundwater level records, which provide information about long‐term variability and trends, are relatively rare. Whilst a number of studies have sought to reconstruct river flow records, there have been few attempts to reconstruct groundwater level time‐series over a number of decades. Using long rainfall and temperature records, we developed and applied a methodology to do this using a lumped conceptual model. We applied the model to six sites in the UK, in four different aquifers: Chalk, limestone, sandstone and Greensand. Acceptable models of observed monthly groundwater levels were generated at four of the sites, with maximum Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency scores of between 0.84 and 0.93 over the calibration and evaluation periods, respectively. These four models were then used to reconstruct the monthly groundwater level time‐series over approximately 60 years back to 1910. Uncertainty in the simulated levels associated with model parameters was assessed using the Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation method. Known historical droughts and wet period in the UK are clearly identifiable in the reconstructed levels, which were compared using the Standardized Groundwater Level Index. Such reconstructed records provide additional information with which to improve estimates of the frequency, severity and duration of groundwater level extremes and their spatial coherence, which for example is important for the assessment of the yield of boreholes during drought periods. Copyright © 2016 British Geological Survey. Hydrological Processes © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Hydrogeological response to climate change in alpine hillslopes
Authors: Markovich Katherine H. , Maxwell Reed M. , Fogg Graham E. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractClimate change threatens water resources in snowmelt‐dependent regions by altering the fraction of snow and rain and spurring an earlier snowmelt season. The bulk of hydrological research has focused on forecasting response in streamflow volumes and timing to a shrinking snowpack; however, the degree to which subsurface storage offsets the loss of snow storage in various alpine geologic settings, i.e. the hydrogeologic buffering capacity, is still largely unknown. We address this research need by assessing the affects of climate change on storage and runoff generation for two distinct hydrogeologic settings present in alpine systems: a low storage granitic and a greater storage volcanic hillslope. We use a physically based integrated hydrologic model fully coupled to a land surface model to run a base scenario and then three progressive warming scenarios, and account for the shifts in each component of the water budget. For hillslopes with greater water retention, the larger storage volcanic hillslope buffered streamflow volumes and timing, but at the cost of greater reductions in groundwater storage relative to the low storage granite hillslope. We found that the results were highly sensitive to the unsaturated zone retention parameters, which in the case of alpine systems can be a mix of matrix or fracture flow. The presence of fractures and thus less retention in the unsaturated zone significantly decreased the reduction in recharge and runoff for the volcanic hillslope in climate warming scenarios. This approach highlights the importance of incorporating physically based subsurface flow in to alpine hydrology models, and our findings provide ways forward to arrive at a conceptual model that is both consistent with geology and hydrologic principles. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Suppression of EC‐SOD by oxLDL During Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation
Authors: Makino Junya , Asai Rei , Hashimoto Mao , Kamiya Tetsuro , Hara Hirokazu , Ninomiya Masayuki , Koketsu Mamoru , Adachi Tetsuo 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTReactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by endothelial cells and macrophages play important roles in atherogenesis because they promote the formation of oxidized low‐density lipoproteins (oxLDL). Extracellular‐superoxide dismutase (EC‐SOD) is mainly produced by vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), is secreted into the extracellular space, and protects cells from the damaging effects of the superoxide anion. Thus, the expression of EC‐SOD in VSMCs is crucial for protecting cells against atherogenesis; however, oxLDL‐induced changes in the expression of EC‐SOD in VSMCs have not yet been examined. We herein showed that oxLDL decreased EC‐SOD mRNA and protein levels by binding to lectin‐like oxidized LDL receptor‐1 (LOX‐1). Moreover, we demonstrated the significant role of mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MEK)/extracellular‐regulated protein kinase (ERK) signaling in oxLDL‐elicited reductions in the expression of EC‐SOD and proliferation of VSMCs. The results obtained with the FCS treatment indicate that oxLDL‐elicited reductions in the expression of EC‐SOD are related to the proliferation of VSMCs. We herein showed for the first time that luteolin, a natural product, restored oxLDL‐induced decreases in the expression of EC‐SOD and proliferation of VSMCs. Collectively, the results of the present study suggest that oxLDL accelerates the development of atherosclerosis by suppressing the expression of EC‐SOD and also that luteolin has potential as a treatment for atherosclerosis. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2496–2505, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.