bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RESPONSABILIDAD SOCIAL EMPRESARIAL: ¿HERRAMIENTA PARA EL DESARROLLO DE LOS EMPRENDIMIENTOS?
Authors: Suárez Morales Lizbeth 
Published: November 2017

El objetivo del presente artículo, es analizar la RSE como una herramienta de desarrollo de los Emprendimientos, realizando un breve recorrido teórico por los paradigmas funcionalista e interaccionista, el primero que tiene raíces en las teorías positivistas y evolucionistas que han caracterizado históricamente el pensamiento científico de Occidente; y la segunda también llamada de conflicto, que se basa en las teorías críticas y libertarias enraizadas en el marxismo, el existencialismo, el anarquismo, la fenomenología, la teoría crítica y el enfoque de la acción humana.
La Responsabilidad Social Empresarial, como parte del paradigma interaccionista renueva la concepción de la empresa, otorgando a ésta una dimensión amplia e integradora, que va más allá de la mera cuestión económica en la que se incorpora perfectamente la triple faceta de la sostenibilidad: económica, social y medioambiental. El desarrollo sostenible se sitúa como fin a alcanzar por medio de la adecuada implantación de un modelo de empresa socialmente responsable, en el que los distintos grupos de interés, stakeholders, son el centro de atención esencial para la gestión. En el caso del Ecuador el 90% de las empresas proceden de emprendimientos familiares, que en casos citados se puede identificar que las empresas ecuatorianas, aplican RSE como una esta buena práctica para garantizar el desarrollo de los a emprendimientos socialmente responsables.
Evaluación del impacto nutricional y la aceptación organoléptica de galletas enriquecidas con lactosuero, soya y nuez de macadamia en preescolares de Chiapas, México
Authors: López-Villafuerte Karla Berenice , Cabrera-Martínez Diana Xóchitl , Águilar-Nájera Oscar Aarón , Sol-González Wayne , López-Zúñiga Erika Judith , Vela-Gutiérrez Gilber 
Published: November 2017

El lactosuero contiene 4.7 g de lactosa (su componente principal), seguido de las proteínas con una alta proporción de aminoácidos azufrados, lo que contribuye a una gran calidad nutricional. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el impacto nutricional y sensorial de una galleta elaborada a base de lactosuero, soya y nuez de macadamia en preescolares del estado de Chiapas, México. Inicialmente, se determinó el estado nutricio de los preescolares de un jardín de niños de la ciudad de Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas; posteriormente, los niños que manifestaron problemas de desnutrición se alimentaron por un período de tres meses con una galleta elaborada a base de lactosuero, soya y nueces de macadamia. Se evaluaron cuatro formulaciones con aceptación sensorial al 95 % (P < 0.05), seleccionándose la de mayor grado de aceptación. A la mitad y al final del estudio se evaluó el estado nutricional de los preescolares. Mediante análisis químico proximal se determinó la composición nutricional de la galleta, así como el grado de aceptabilidad mediante una prueba de preferencia con jueces no entrenados. El 50 % del total de los niños alimentados mostraron mejoría en su estado nutricional (P < 0.05). El análisis químico proximal de la galleta arrojó un 75.56 % de humedad, 0.27 % de cenizas, 0.84 % de grasas, 12.95 % de proteínas, 2.01 % de fibras y 8.37 % de hidratos de carbono. El alto grado de aceptabilidad y la mejora del estado nutricional de los niños alimentados, mostraron evidencias de la viabilidad de la galleta para ser consumida por niños con problemas de desnutrición en comunidades marginadas.
Design of the expert system to analyze disease in Plant Teak using Forward Chaining
Authors: Poningsih Poningsih 
Published: November 2017

Teak is one kind of plant that is already widely known and developed by the wider community in the form of plantations and community forests. This is because until now Teak wood is a commodity of luxury, high quality, the price is expensive, and high economic value. Expert systems are a part of the method sciences artificial intelligence to make an application program disease diagnosis teak computerized seek to replace and mimic the reasoning process of an expert or experts in solving the problem specification that can be said to be a duplicate from an expert because science knowledge is stored inside a database Expert System for the diagnosis of disease teak using forward chaining method aims to explore the characteristics shown in the form of questions in order to diagnose the disease teak with web-based software. Device keel expert system can recognize the disease after consulting identity by answering some of the questions presented by the application of expert systems and can infer some kind of disease in plants teak. Data disease known customize rules (rules) are made to match the characteristics of teak disease and provide treatment solutions.
Fates of angiosperm species following long‐distance dispersal: Examples from American amphitropical Polemoniaceae
Authors: Johnson Leigh A. , Porter J. Mark 
Published: November 2017

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Following establishment after long‐distance dispersal, species may experience stasis, accumulate changes leading to new species identity, diversify into multiple species, interact with related species to form novel species, and even become extirpated. We examined each species of temperate Polemoniaceae in South America via the literature and new analyses to better understand the fates of species in this family after their dispersal from North America.METHODS:We reviewed literature for the 15 species of Polemoniaceae in South America amphitropically disjunct from their relatives in North America. We conducted DNA sequence analyses to infer relationships, timing of dispersal, and processes involved since dispersal in Microsteris gracilis, three Gilia, two Giliastrum, and three Collomia. Analyses included construction of haplotype networks and phylogenetic trees using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference.KEY RESULTS:For all species examined in detail, origins in South America are compatible with dispersal via epizoochory from ca. 0.092–19.46 million years ago. Most species in South America are unique relative to their North American congeners, yet few have radiated into two or more species. Relative stasis, divergence, and hybridization with, and without, allopolyploid formation have occurred postdispersal in Polemoniaceae, as well as extirpation following at least brief establishment.CONCLUSIONS:Polemoniaceae that have established in South America share many features likely inherited from their North American progenitors, but some traits may have arisen in situ in specific taxa, such as cleistogamy, self‐incompatibility, and the annual habit, evidencing the rich nature of diversification processes.
A Possible Dynamically Cold Classical Contact Binary: (126719) 2002 CC249
Authors: Thirouin Audrey , Sheppard Scott S. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Images of the Kuiper Belt object (126719) 2002 CC249 obtained in 2016 and 2017 using the 6.5 m Magellan-Baade Telescope and the 4.3 m Discovery Channel Telescope are presented. A light curve with a periodicity of 11.87 ± 0.01 hr and a peak-to-peak amplitude of 0.79 ± 0.04 mag is reported. This high amplitude double-peaked light curve can be due to a single elongated body, but it is best explained by a contact binary system from its U-/V-shaped light curve. We present a simple full-width-at-half-maximum test that can be used to determine if an object is likely a contact binary or an elongated object based on its light curve. Considering that 2002 CC249 is in hydrostatic equilibrium, a system with a mass ratio q
min = 0.6, and a density ρ
min = 1 g cm−3, or less plausible a system with q
max = 1, and ρ
max = 5 g cm−3 can interpret the light curve. Assuming a single Jacobi ellipsoid in hydrostatic equilibrium and an equatorial view, we estimate ρ ≥ 0.34 g cm−3, and a/b = 2.07. Finally, we report a new color study showing that 2002 CC249 displays an ultra red surface characteristic of a dynamically Cold Classical trans-Neptunian object.
The Putative Cerean Exosphere
Authors: Schorghofer Norbert , Byrne Shane , Landis Margaret E. , Mazarico Erwan , Prettyman Thomas H. , Schmidt Britney E. , Villarreal Michaela N. , Castillo-Rogez Julie , Raymond Carol A. , Russell Christopher T. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The ice-rich crust of dwarf planet 1 Ceres is the source of a tenuous water exosphere, and the behavior of this putative exosphere is investigated with model calculations. Outgassing water molecules seasonally condense around the winter pole in an optically thin layer. This seasonal cap reaches an estimated mass of at least

, and the aphelion summer pole may even retain water throughout summer. If this reservoir is suddenly released by a solar energetic particle event, it would form a denser transient water exosphere. Our model calculations also explore species other than H2O. Light exospheric species escape rapidly from Ceres due to its low gravity, and hence their exospheres dissipate soon after their respective source has faded. For example, the theoretical turn-over time in a water exosphere is only 7 hr. A significant fraction of CO2 and SO2 molecules can get trapped and stored in perennially shadowed regions at the current spin axis orientation, but not at the higher spin axis tilt, leaving H2O as the only common volatile expected to accumulate in polar cold traps over long timescales. The D/H fractionation during migration to the cold traps is only about 10%.
Iota Horologii Is Unlikely to Be an Evaporated Hyades Star
Authors: Ramírez I. , Yong D. , Gutiérrez E. , Endl M. , Lambert D. L. , Do Nascimento J.-D. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
We present a high-precision chemical analysis of ι Hor (iota Horologii), a planet-host field star thought to have formed in the Hyades. Elements with atomic number

have abundances that are in excellent agreement with those of the cluster within the ±0.01 dex (or

) precision errors. Heavier elements show a range of abundances such that about half of the

species analyzed are consistent with those of the Hyades, while the other half are marginally enhanced by 0.03 ± 0.01 dex (

). The lithium abundance, A(Li), is very low compared to the well-defined A(Li)–

relation of the cluster. For its

, ι Hor’s lithium content is about half the Hyades’. Attributing the enhanced lithium depletion to the planet would require a peculiar rotation rate, which we are unable to confirm. Our analysis of ι Hor’s chromospheric activity suggests

days, which is significantly shorter than previously reported. Models of Galactic orbits place ι Hor hundreds of parsecs away from the cluster at formation. Thus, we find the claim of a shared birthplace very difficult to justify.
Dust Concentration and Emission in Protoplanetary Disks Vortices
Authors: Sierra Anibal , Lizano Susana , Barge Pierre 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
We study the dust concentration and emission in protoplanetary disks vortices. We extend the Lyra-Lin solution for the dust concentration of a single grain size to a power-law distribution of grain sizes

. Assuming dust conservation in the disk, we find an analytic dust surface density as a function of the grain radius. We calculate the increase of the dust-to-gas mass ratio ϵ and the slope p of the dust size distribution due to grain segregation within the vortex. We apply this model to a numerical simulation of a disk containing a persistent vortex. Due to the accumulation of large grains toward the vortex center, ϵ increases by a factor of 10 from the background disk value, and p decreases from 3.5 to 3.0. We find the disk emission at millimeter wavelengths corresponding to synthetic observations with ALMA and VLA. The simulated maps at 7 mm and 1 cm show a strong azimuthal asymmetry. This happens because, at these wavelengths, the disk becomes optically thin while the vortex remains optically thick. The large vortex opacity is mainly due to an increase in the dust-to-gas mass ratio. In addition, the change in the slope of the dust size distribution increases the opacity by a factor of two. We also show that the inclusion of the dust scattering opacity substantially changes the disks images.
Fluting Modes in Transversely Nonuniform Solar Flux Tubes
Authors: Soler Roberto 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Magnetohydrodynamic waves of different types are frequently observed in magnetic flux tubes of the solar atmosphere and are often modeled using simple models. In the standard flux tube model made of a straight uniform tube with an abrupt boundary, transverse wave modes are classified according to their azimuthal wavenumber, m. Sausage (m = 0) and kink (m = 1) modes produce pulsations of the cross section and transverse oscillations of tube axis, respectively. Both sausage and kink modes have been observed in the solar atmosphere. Fluting (

) modes produce perturbations that are essentially confined around the boundary of the tube, i.e., they have a strong surface-like character. Unlike sausage and kink modes, the detection of fluting modes remains elusive. Here we show that the inclusion of transverse inhomogeneity in the flux tube model dramatically affects the properties of fluting modes. Even in a thin tube, kink and fluting modes are no longer degenerate in frequency when the tube has a smooth boundary. In addition, fluting modes become heavily damped by resonant absorption in a timescale shorter than the oscillation period. The perturbations loose their global shape and their distinctive surface-like appearance. As a consequence of that, we argue that nonuniform flux tubes with smooth boundaries may not be able to support fluting-like perturbations as coherent, global modes.
Critically Evaluated Spectral Data for Neutral Carbon (
)
Authors: Haris K. , Kramida A. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
In this critical compilation, all experimental data on the spectrum of neutral carbon known to us were methodically evaluated and supplemented by parametric calculations with Cowan’s codes. The sources of experimental data vary from laboratory to astrophysical objects, and employ different instrumentations, from classical grating and Fourier transform spectrometers to precise laser spectroscopy setups and various other modern techniques. This comprehensive evaluation provides accurate atomic data on energy levels and wavelengths (observed and Ritz) with their estimated uncertainties, as well as a uniform description of the observed line intensities. In total, 412 previously known energy levels were optimized with the help of 1221 selected best-observed lines participating in 1365 transitions in the wavelength region 750 Å–609.14 μm. The list of recommended energy levels is extended by including 21 additional levels found through quantum-defect extrapolations or parametric calculations with Cowan’s codes. In addition, 737 possibly observable transitions are predicted. Critically evaluated transition probabilities for 1616 lines are provided, of which 241 are new. With accurate energy levels obtained, combined with additional observed data on high Rydberg states, the ionization limit was determined to be 90820.348(9) cm−1 or 11.2602880(11) eV, in fair agreement with the previously recommended value, but more accurate.
Terahertz Spectroscopy and Global Analysis of the Rotational Spectrum of Doubly Deuterated Amidogen Radical ND2
Authors: Melosso Mattia , Degli Esposti Claudio , Dore Luca 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The deuteration mechanism of molecules in the interstellar medium is still being debated. Observations of deuterium-bearing species in several astronomical sources represent a powerful tool to improve our understanding of the interstellar chemistry. The doubly deuterated form of the astrophysically interesting amidogen radical could be a target of detection in space. In this work, the rotational spectrum of the ND2 radical in its ground vibrational and electronic

state has been investigated between 588 and 1131 GHz using a frequency modulation millimeter/submillimeter-wave spectrometer. The ND2 molecule has been produced in a free-space glass absorption cell by discharging a mixture of ND3 and Ar. Sixty-four new transition frequencies involving J values from 2 to 5 and K

a
values from 0 to 4 have been measured. A global analysis including all the previous field-free pure rotational data has been performed, allowing for a more precise determination of a very large number of spectroscopic parameters. Accurate predictions of rotational transition frequencies of ND2 are now available from a few gigahertz up to several terahertz.
Embryonic Lethality and Host Immunity of RelA-Deficient Mice Are Mediated by Both Apoptosis and Necroptosis
Authors: Xu Chengxian , Wu Xiaoxia , Zhang Xixi , Xie Qun , Fan Cunxian , Zhang Haibing 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
In mammalian cells, signaling pathways triggered by TNF can be switched from NF-κB activation to apoptosis and/or necroptosis. The in vivo mechanisms underlying the mutual regulation of these three signaling pathways are poorly understood. In this article, we report that the embryonic lethality of RelA-deficient mice is partially prevented by the deletion of Rip3 or Mlkl, but it is fully rescued by the combined ablation of Fadd and Rip3 or Mlkl or by blocking RIP1 kinase activity (RIP1K45A). RelA−/−Fadd−/−Rip3−/− triple-knockout (TKO) and RelA−/−Rip1K45A/K45A mice displayed bacterial pneumonia leading to death ∼2 wk after birth. Moreover, RelA−/−Rip1K45A/K45A mice, but not TKO mice, developed severe inflammation associated with inflammatory skin lesion. Antibiotic treatment improved bacterial pneumonia, extended the lifespan of TKO and RelA−/−Rip1K45A/K45A mice, and alleviated skin inflammation in RelA−/−Rip1K45A/K45A mice. These results show the mechanisms underlying the in vivo mutual regulation between NF-κB activation and the cell death pathway and provide new insights into this interplay in embryonic development and host immune homeostasis.
New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase - type carbapenemases producing Escherichia coli isolates from hospitalized patients
Authors: Grover Shyam Sunder , Doda Ananya , Gupta Nupur , Gandhoke Inderjeet , Batra Jyoti , Hans Charoo , Khare Shashi 
Published: November 2017

Background & objectives:
Resistances to carbapenem group of antimicrobials among Escherichia coli due to production of carbapenemases, especially the New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) types, pose serious challenges in the treatment of infections in healthcare settings. This study was undertaken to detect NDM producing E. coli isolates from hospitalized patients with urinary tract infection (UTI).

Methods:
A total of 30 non-repetitive isolates of E. coli from hospitalized patients with clinical suspicion of UTI were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Screening for the production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) was carried out by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test strip ESBL followed by phenotypic confirmation by double-disc synergy test. Phenotypic confirmation of carbapenemase production was carried out by MIC test strip metallo-β-lactamases. Molecular identification of the bla
NDM gene was carried out by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing of the amplified fragment.

Results:
Seventeen of the 30 isolates were detected as ESBL producers, of which three were found to be carbapenemase producers. NDM genes were detected by PCR followed by gene sequencing in all three isolates positive for ESBL as well as carbapenemase. The amino acid sequence of the three isolates showed complete identity to the reference sequences of NDM-1, NDM-4 and NDM-8, respectively.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Our study showed the circulation of NDM variants among the clinical isolates of E. coli that were producers of ESBL as well as carbapenemase.
Sonographic Transformation of Acrania to Anencephaly
Authors: Gilani Syed Amar , Manzoor Iqra 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT

Objective
To ascertain that acrania can lead to anencephaly

Materials and methods
We commenced a cross-sectional study for a period of 41 months from 2013 to 2017. During routine ultrasound examination, we observed multiple cases of acrania in second trimester and third trimester. We followed 26 cases who failed to terminate their pregnancies and visited for reexamination. Changes in the brain matter, amniotic fluid volume, and echogenicity of the acrania fetuses were recorded and compared with the previous examination. Development of anencephaly was correlated with maternal age and advancement of gestational age. All the patients were examined transabdominally according to the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine (AIUM) guidelines for obstetrical ultrasound. Data were collected from the previous report and recent examination, by evaluating data with the help of IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24 package, and the results were summarized.

Results
Pregnant women with diagnosed acrania fetus visited second time with a lapse of more than 4 weeks and were enrolled with mean age 25.73 ± 8.80. We observed 4 (15.4%) acrania patients developed into anencephaly. Development of anencephaly was observed to be correlated with the advancement of gestational age. It was observed that acrania is more common in below 20 and above 30 age groups. Haziness of amniotic fluid is also observed to be related with acrania.

Conclusion
Anencephaly could be caused by multiple factors but acrania can lead to anencephaly with continuous exposure of brain matter and meninges to mechanical trauma and chemical activities of the amniotic fluid.

Clinical significance
To test the hypothesis of acrania to anencephaly and make a roadmap for upcoming researches on association of acrania with physical, environmental, and genetical factors.

How to cite this article
Bacha R, Gilani SA, Manzoor I. Sonographic Transformation of Acrania to Anencephaly. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017;11(3):189-196.
Cervical Incompetence: Modern Clinical Protocols and Real Practice
Authors: Belotserkovtseva Larisa D , Kovalenko Ludmila V , Ivannikov Sergey E , Mirzoeva Gulnora T , Petrova Tatiana G 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT

Objective
The objective is to evaluate efficiency of using internal protocol of prophylaxis preterm birth (PB).

Materials and methods
Three hundred and seventy gravidas without clinical symptoms of preterm delivery with cervical canal length of <25 mm and on <21 gestation weeks were inspected. Protocol included anamnesis research, 200 mg of daily vaginal progesterone, ultrasound monitoring of length and shape of cervical canal, and distinguished treatment of cervical insufficiency using cerclage or cervical pessary.

Results
Gravidas whose protocol was fully attended have more than dual-fold decrease of extra early preterm delivery risk ratio [4.3 vs 12.3% relative risk (RR) 0.47; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.23–0.99], compared with those whose protocol was attended fractionary. Quantity of unprompted miscarriages in 22+0 week period also decreased dual-fold (6.6 vs 13.8%; RR 0.47; 95% CI 0.23–0.99). The most common mistakes were ignorance of anamnesis data, wrong choice of ways of correction cervical insufficiency, long and ineffective treatment of genital tract infections, and inaccurate estimation of cervical canal.

Summary
Usage of effective medication, development of new clinical protocols, and detailed abidance of earlier accepted protocols, mistakes’ analysis, and staff training are reserves of extremely PB decrease.

How to cite this article
Belotserkovtseva LD, Kovalenko LV, Ivannikov SE, Mirzoeva GT, Petrova TG. Cervical Incompetence: Modern Clinical Protocols and Real Practice. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017;11(3):203-209.