bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of Lie Algebra in Constructing Volume-Preserving Algorithms for Charged Particles Dynamics
Authors: Zhang Ruili , Liu Jian , Qin Hong , Tang Yifa , He Yang , Wang Yulei 
Published: May 2016

AbstractVolume-preserving algorithms (VPAs) for the charged particles dynamics is preferred because of their long-term accuracy and conservativeness for phase space volume. Lie algebra and the Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff (BCH) formula can be used as a fundamental theoretical tool to construct VPAs. Using the Lie algebra structure of vector fields, we split the volume-preserving vector field for charged particle dynamics into three volume-preserving parts (sub-algebras), and find the corresponding Lie subgroups. Proper combinations of these subgroups generate volume preserving, second order approximations of the original solution group, and thus second order VPAs. The developed VPAs also show their significant effectiveness in conserving phase-space volume exactly and bounding energy error over long-term simulations.
A Numerical Thermal-Hydraulic Model to Simulate the Fast Transients in a Supercritical Water Channel Subjected to Sharp Pressure Variations
Authors: Dutta Goutam , Jiang Jin , Maitri Rohit , Zhang Chao 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe present work demonstrates the extension of a thermal-hydraulic model, THRUST, with an objective to simulate the fast transient flow dynamics in a supercritical water channel of circular cross section. THRUST is a 1-D model which solves the nonlinearly coupled mass, axial momentum and energy conservation equations in time domain based on a characteristics-dependent fully implicit finite difference scheme using an Eulerian approach. The model developed accounts for the compressibility of the supercritical flow by considering the finite value of acoustic speed in the solution algorithm and treats the boundary conditions naturally. A supercritical water channel of circular cross section, for which the experimental data is available at steady state operating conditions, is chosen for the transient simulations to start with. Two different case studies are undertaken with a purpose to assess the capability of the model to analyze the fast transient processes caused by the large reduction in system pressure. The first transient case study is where the initial exit pressure is reduced by 1MPaexponentially in a time span of 5s. In the second case study, the transient is initiated with a sudden step decrease in the exit pressure by the same amount. Results obtained for both the case studies show the desired performance from the model developed.
Entropy Stable Scheme on Two-Dimensional Unstructured Grids for Euler Equations
Authors: Ray Deep , Chandrashekar Praveen , Fjordholm Ulrik S. , Mishra Siddhartha 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe propose an entropy stable high-resolution finite volume scheme to approximate systems of two-dimensional symmetrizable conservation laws on unstructured grids. In particular we consider Euler equations governing compressible flows. The scheme is constructed using a combination of entropy conservative fluxes and entropy-stable numerical dissipation operators. High resolution is achieved based on a linear reconstruction procedure satisfying a suitable sign property that helps to maintain entropy stability. The proposed scheme is demonstrated to robustly approximate complex flow features by a series of benchmark numerical experiments.
Parameter-Free Time Adaptivity Based on Energy Evolution for the Cahn-Hilliard Equation
Authors: Luo Fuesheng , Tang Tao , Xie Hehu 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIt is known that large time-stepping method are useful for simulating phase field models. In this work, an adaptive time-stepping strategy is proposed based on numerical energy stability and equi-distribution principle. The main idea is to use the energy variation as an indicator to update the time step, so that the resulting algorithm is free of user-defined parameters, which is different from several existing approaches. Some numerical experiments are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the algorithms.
Are We Ready to investigate Cognitive Function of Fetal Brain? The Role of Advanced Four-dimensional Sonography
Authors: Kadic Aida Salihagic , Barisic Lara Spalldi 
Published: May 2016

ABATRACT
Human brain is fascinating organ in so many ways. Some of its cognitive functions, such as ability to learn, memorize, think, percept different sensations, such as pain, to have emotion, process audio-visual inputs, and to coordinate reaction and movements have been subjects of studies for many years. Yet, till recently, we could only make assumptions about prenatal activities, interactions and its construction of complex structures in the time frame of antenatal life. With the prenatal assessment (sonoembryology, neurosonoembryology, KANET test, etc.) by latest advanced HDlive, Silhouette and Flow 3D/4D imaging there is possibility to follow in continuity normal structural and functional development from the early beginnings of “life” and on the other hand consider what might be different (not necessarily abnormal) and deviate from normal development and behavior.
On this way, we are able to supplement knowledge of fundamental building blocks of development of fetal cognitive functions, to pay more attention and follow up fetuses at higher risk and finally find some of the possible origins of cognitive dysfunctions which may manifest in childhood or later in life.82 With the introduction of different 3D/4D ultrasound modes we have ability to observe all of this in vivo while emerging, and make “time-lapse” of fetal neurodevelopment and behavior in correlation to its cognitive functional development

How to cite this article
Kurjak A, Spalldi Barisic L, Stanojevic M, Salihagic Kadic A, Porovic S. Are We Ready to investigate Cognitive Function of Fetal Brain? The Role of Advanced Fourdimensional Sonography. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016;10(2):116-124.
Prevention of Retinopathy of Prematurity: A Perinatal approach
Authors: Vidyasagar Dharmapuri 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a multifactorial vasoproliferative retinal disorder in the premature infant exposed to high oxygen therapy. Retinopathy of prematurity is a major contributor to childhood blindness. Whereas ROP in high-income countries is decreasing, it is increasing in the low and middle-income countries, such as India. On the other hand, ROP is also a preventable disease. So far, preventive programs have focused on pediatric, neonatal, and nursing practices: Minimizing exposure to oxygen of premature babies admitted to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in respiratory distress (RDS) and early detection of ROP and treatment by the ophthalmologists.
Prematurity is the major risk factor for ROP. Decreasing the risk of prematurity requires a perinatal approach. Evidence shows that good antenatal care, managing preterm labor, and administration of antenatal steroids decrease respiratory complication and the need for oxygen therapy in the premature infants. There is also a need for decreasing the elective cesarean sections (ECS) which add to iatrogenic preterm births and associated respiratory complications. New research shows that inflammatory factors that lead to premature labor also make the premature retinal vessels susceptible to developing ROP. These scientific findings lay ground for a stronger perinatal approach to prevent ROP in future. This article attempts to highlight the perinatal approach to prevent ROP.

How to cite this article
Vidyasagar D. Prevention of Retinopathy of Prematurity: A Perinatal Approach. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016;10(2):185-188.
Implementation of Bessel's method for solar eclipses prediction in the WRF-ARW model
Authors: Montornès Alex , Codina Bernat , Zack John W. , Sola Yolanda 
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Solar eclipses are predictable astronomical events that abruptly reduce the incoming solar radiation into the Earth's atmosphere, which frequently results in non-negligible changes in meteorological fields. The meteorological impacts of these events have been analyzed in many studies since the late 1960s. The recent growth in the solar energy industry has greatly increased the interest in providing more detail in the modeling of solar radiation variations in numerical weather prediction (NWP) models for the use in solar resource assessment and forecasting applications. The significant impact of the recent partial and total solar eclipses that occurred in the USA (23 October 2014) and Europe (20 March 2015) on solar power generation have provided additional motivation and interest for including these astronomical events in the current solar parameterizations.Although some studies added solar eclipse episodes within NWP codes in the 1990s and 2000s, they used eclipse parameterizations designed for a particular case study. In contrast to these earlier implementations, this paper documents a new package for the Weather Research and Forecasting–Advanced Research WRF (WRF-ARW) model that can simulate any partial, total or hybrid solar eclipse for the period 1950 to 2050 and is also extensible to a longer period. The algorithm analytically computes the trajectory of the Moon's shadow and the degree of obscuration of the solar disk at each grid point of the domain based on Bessel's method and the Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses provided by NASA, with a negligible computational time. Then, the incoming radiation is modified accordingly at each grid point of the domain.This contribution is divided in three parts. First, the implementation of Bessel's method is validated for solar eclipses in the period 1950–2050, by comparing the shadow trajectory with values provided by NASA. Latitude and longitude are determined with a bias lower than 5  ×  10−3 degrees (i.e.,  ∼  550 m at the Equator) and are slightly overestimated and underestimated, respectively. The second part includes a validation of the simulated global horizontal irradiance (GHI) for four total solar eclipses with measurements from the Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN). The results show an improvement in mean absolute error (MAE) from 77 to 90 % under cloudless skies. Lower agreement between modeled and measured GHI is observed under cloudy conditions because the effect of clouds is not included in the simulations for a better analysis of the eclipse outcomes. Finally, an introductory discussion of eclipse-induced perturbations in the surface meteorological fields (e.g., temperature, wind speed) is provided by comparing the WRF–eclipse outcomes with control simulations.
Innovative Approach in Total HIP Arthroplasty: Supercapsular Percutaneously-Assisted
Authors: Cardenas-Nylander Carlomagno , Bellotti Vittorio , Astarita Emanuele , Moya Gomez Esther , Fernandez Manuel Ribas 
Published: May 2016

Introduction There is widespread trend in total hip replacement to limit soft tissue damage. New approaches that respect the capsule and ligaments has been recently reported. The potential advantages of this approach is to improve short-term results in terms of stability, pain, length of stay, transfusions and complications. Methods From October 2015 to March 2016 the two senior authors performed 21 hips using the Superpath® technique, the measured variables included age, sex, operative time, acetabular inclination, pain assessment using visual analogue scale at 24 hours, need for transfusion, length of stay and complications. Surgical technique is described. Results 10 women and 11 men with a mean age of 56.57 (35-74) years. Average operating time was 102.85 (80-130) minutes. The mean acetabular inclination was 44.05 (26-60) degrees. The visual analogue scale (VAS) at 24 hours of the procedure was 2.38, standard deviation (SD) 0.9. The length of stay was on average 4.04 days 1.4 days shorter when compared with a cohort of patients treated using standard posterolateral. All patients were discharged to home. Two patients required transfusion, and in one patient with a calcar crack, crutches for 8 weeks were instructed. No patients were readmitted. Discussion The new generation of hip approaches have a strong anatomical basis, hip capsule preservation is a revolutionary concept, it ensures anatomical restoration, length and offset near to native joint. The Superpath® potentially minimises morbidity, reducing transfusion rates, allowing rapid recovery, shortening hospital stay and could save a significant cost to the healthcare system.
Reconstruction of Nonrepairable Acetabular Labral Tears with Allografts: Mid-Term Results
Authors: Moya Esther , Ribas Manuel , Natera Luis , Cardenas Carlomagno , Bellotti Vittorio , Astarita Emanuele 
Published: May 2016

Background Many labral tears are nonrepairable. For these cases, labral reconstruction procedures may be considered in order to restore the joint fluid seal and prolong hip longevity. Aims The aim of this study was to describe the clinical and functional outcomes of a series of cases with nonrepairable labral tears that underwent labral reconstruction with tendon allografts. The hypothesis was that labral reconstruction would provide good clinical outcomes. Method A cohort of 20 patients with nonrepairable labral tears, which underwent to labral grafting mainly by means of arthroscopic assisted anterior mini-open approach, were included in this study. The study period was comprised between July 2008 and September 2013. Results DCS-score resulted in 17 satisfactory results, whereas Nonarthritic Hip Score (NAHS) resulted in mean improvement of 39 points. 1 retrieved allograft demonstrated 8 weeks after implantation new whole revascularisation. Conclusions We concluded that labral reconstruction with tendon allograft provides relief of painful symptoms, and represents a reliable alternative for patients with nonrepairable labral tears that are not yet candidates for a joint replacement procedure.
Involvement of Myeloperoxidase Gene Polymorphism 463G>A in Development of Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Roszak Andrzej , Lutkowska Anna , Lianeri Margarita , Sowińska Anna , Jagodziński Paweł P. 
Published: May 2016

Background The myeloperoxidase (MPO) -463G>A (rs2333227) polymorphism has been linked with increased susceptibility to the development of various malignancies. However, the data on the association of the MPO -463G>A transition with cervical cancer remain inconsistent. Methods Using high resolution melting analysis we genotyped this polymorphism in women with cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (n = 476) and controls (n = 493) from a Polish Caucasian population. Logistic regression analysis was used to adjust for the effect of confounders such as age, parity, oral contraceptive use, tobacco smoking, and menopausal status, and revealed that the MPO -463G>A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was associated with an increased risk of SCC. Results The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for patients with the A/A genotype versus G/G genotype was 0.718 (95% CI 0.531-0.972, p = 0.0316). Stratified analyses between the MPO -463G>A polymorphism and SCC risks demonstrated a protective role of the MPO -463G>A SNP in patients with a positive history of parity and negative history of tobacco smoking. In patients with a positive history of parity, the age-adjusted OR for the A/A versus G/G genotype was 0.667 (95% CI 0.479-0.929, p = 0.0164). The age-adjusted OR for patients with a negative history of tobacco smoking for the A/A versus G/G genotype was 0.491 (95% CI 0.313-0.770, p = 0.0019). Conclusions Our study demonstrated that the MPO -463G>A SNP may protect from SCC in women from Polish Caucasian populations.
A relação entre ciência e tecnologia a partir de três modelos teóricos distintos
Authors: Szczepanik Gilmar Evandro 
Published: May 2016

resumo: Este artigo tem por objetivo explorar as possíveis relações estabelecidas entre ciência e a tecnologia a partir de três modelos teóricos distintos. O primeiro modelo teórico é chamado de hierárquico e pressupõe uma relação de subordinação entre ciência e a tecnologia. O segundo modelo é denominado de não hierárquico e sustenta que ciência e a tecnologia se encontram fundidas de tal modo que não faz mais sentido tentar entendê-las separadamente. Por fim, o terceiro modelo teórico designado de emancipatório explora alguns elementos que permitem compreender a ciência e a tecnologia ainda como atividades distintas, embora possam trabalhar conjuntamente algumas vezes.Abstract: This paper aims to understand the possible relations between science and technology from three different theoretical models. The first theoretical model is called hierarchical and implies a subordinate relationship between science and technology. The second model is called non-hierarchical and argues that science and technology are fused so that it makes more sense to try to understand them separately. Finally, the third theoretical model is called emancipatory and explores some elements that allow us to understand science and technology as separate activities, although they may sometimes work together.
Natureza e artefato: laboratório como teatro de operações e manipulações materiais
Authors: Ramos Maurício , Mocelin Ronei Clécio 
Published: May 2016

resumo: Neste artigo propomos abordar a relação entre os conceitos de natureza e de artefato a partir de uma racionalidade química e alquímica. Pretendemos mostrar que essa racionalidade é originariamente tecnocientífica e apontar o modo como alquimistas e químicos construíram um quadro conceitual ancorado no laboratório do químico e no laboratório do orgânico. Nosso propósito é explicitar as transgressões e a capilaridade tecnocultural dos materiais criados nos laboratórios, bem como da existência de um estilo químico de raciocinar com suas particularidades ontológicas, epistemológicas e metodológicas.abstract: In this article we propose to treat the relation between the concepts of nature and artifact from a chemical and alchemical rationality. We intend to show that this rationality is originally technoscientific and to point out the way alchemists and chemists built a conceptual board anchored in the laboratory of the chemical and in the laboratory of the organic. Our proposal is to explain the transgressions and technocultural capillarity of the materials created in the laboratories, as well as the existence of a chemical style of reasoning with its ontological, epistemological and methodological particularities.
„Díky, Ameriko!“: dramaturgická analýza Slavností svobody v „nejameričtějším“ městě Evropy
Authors: Krčál Petr , Naxera Vladimír 
Published: May 2016

The following article aims to provide an interpretation of the annual public occasion called the “Liberation Festival” in Pilsen. The Liberation Festival serves as a celebration of the liberation of Pilsen by the U.S. army. Our paper presents a dramaturgical analysis of this occasion. More specifically, our effort is focused on two main interpretative threads. With respect to the first one (called “the production of discourse”) we analyse the processes of the (re)production of political discourse related to this public occasion. We also identify the main discourse that is typically produced or reinforced during the Liberation Festival. The second interpretative thread is called “the organizational line of the Liberation Festival”. Here, we try to provide examples and identify characteristics of the strategies and practices that can be employed by state apparatuses to present themselves as guarantors of the security of festival goers. Our findings confirm that public ceremonies (like the Liberation Festival) can fulfil the role of a medium that serves to spread actual political discourse, the veneration of actual societal normative order, and a positive portrait of state apparatuses. Our article can thus be viewed as a contribution to the debate on the reproduction of political discourse through public spectacles.
WACCM‐D—Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model with D‐region ion chemistry
Authors: Verronen P. T. , Andersson M. E. , Marsh D. R. , Kovács T. , Plane J. M. C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractEnergetic particle precipitation (EPP) and ion chemistry affect the neutral composition of the polar middle atmosphere. For example, production of odd nitrogen and odd hydrogen during strong events can decrease ozone by tens of percent. However, the standard ion chemistry parameterization used in atmospheric models neglects the effects on some important species, such as nitric acid. We present WACCM‐D, a variant of the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model, which includes a set of lower ionosphere (D‐region) chemistry: 307 reactions of 20 positive ions and 21 negative ions. We consider realistic ionization scenarios and compare the WACCM‐D results to those from the Sodankylä Ion and Neutral Chemistry (SIC), a state‐of‐the‐art 1‐D model of the D‐region chemistry. We show that WACCM‐D produces well the main characteristics of the D‐region ionosphere, as well as the overall proportion of important ion groups, in agreement with SIC. Comparison of ion concentrations shows that the WACCM‐D bias is typically within ±10% or less below 70 km. At 70–90 km, when strong altitude gradients in ionization rates and/or ion concentrations exist, the bias can be larger for some groups but is still within tens of percent. Based on the good agreement overall and the fact that part of the differences are caused by different model setups, WACCM‐D provides a state‐of‐the‐art global representation of D‐region ion chemistry and is therefore expected to improve EPP modeling considerably. These improvements are demonstrated in a companion paper by Andersson et al.
Imprecise probabilistic estimation of design floods with epistemic uncertainties
Authors: Qi Wei , Zhang Chi , Fu Guangtao , Zhou Huicheng 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAn imprecise probabilistic framework for design flood estimation is proposed on the basis of the Dempster‐Shafer theory to handle different epistemic uncertainties from data, probability distribution functions, and probability distribution parameters. These uncertainties are incorporated in cost‐benefit analysis to generate the lower and upper bounds of the total cost for flood control, thus presenting improved information for decision making on design floods. Within the total cost bounds, a new robustness criterion is proposed to select a design flood that can tolerate higher levels of uncertainty. A variance decomposition approach is used to quantify individual and interactive impacts of the uncertainty sources on total cost. Results from three case studies, with 127, 104, and 54 year flood data sets, respectively, show that the imprecise probabilistic approach effectively combines aleatory and epistemic uncertainties from the various sources and provides upper and lower bounds of the total cost. Between the total cost and the robustness of design floods, a clear trade‐off which is beyond the information that can be provided by the conventional minimum cost criterion is identified. The interactions among data, distributions, and parameters have a much higher contribution than parameters to the estimate of the total cost. It is found that the contributions of the various uncertainty sources and their interactions vary with different flood magnitude, but remain roughly the same with different return periods. This study demonstrates that the proposed methodology can effectively incorporate epistemic uncertainties in cost‐benefit analysis of design floods.