bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facial Danger Zones: Techniques to Maximize Safety during Soft-Tissue Filler Injections
Authors: Scheuer Jack F. , Sieber David A. , Pezeshk Ronnie A. , Gassman Andrew A. , Campbell Carey F. , Rohrich Rod J. 
Published: April 2017

Summary:
Given the short recovery and immediate results, facial fillers have become a popular alternative to surgical rejuvenation of the face. Reported complications arising from facial filler injections include erythema, tissue loss, blindness, stroke, and even death. In this article, the authors describe their anatomically based techniques to minimize risk and maximize safety when injecting in the facial danger zones, including the glabella/brow, temporal region, perioral region, nasolabial fold, nose, and infraorbital region. Complications generally arise secondary to vasculature injury and/or cannulation with filler. The authors have outlined their preferred injection techniques in the facial danger zones with respect to the pertinent anatomy in an attempt to minimize risk and maximize results. Most importantly, the practitioner should be able to recognize complications and address them immediately.
Analysis of a Steerable Needle for Fine Needle Aspiration and Biopsy: Efficiency and Radiation Dose Compared With a Conventional Straight Needle
Authors: Rutigliano Sandra , Abraham John A. , Kenneally Barry E. , Zoga Adam C. , Nevalainen Mika , Roedl Johannes B. 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
Percutaneous computed tomography (CT)–guided needle biopsy has proven to be an efficacious method for sampling of many soft tissue lesions, especially deep-seated masses in the abdomen and pelvis. This study sought to test the potential for a novel steerable needle to improve localization and to reduce procedure duration and radiation dose compared with a conventional straight needle.

Material and Methods
A fresh, raw meat sample (lean bovine flank) was imbedded with cylindrical radiopaque and radiolucent obstacles designed to simulate vessels (radiolucent objects) and bones (radiopaque objects) on CT. A pit-containing olive (partially radiopaque) was imbedded beyond the obstacles to represent the target. Two sites on the surface of the meat were selected and marked to determine initial needle placement. Two radiologists with different levels of experience proceeded to position a straight needle and the steerable needle from each skin site to the target using CT guidance as efficiently as possible, avoiding the obstacles. The total positioning time, the number of CT scans required for positioning, and the number of repositioning events (partial withdrawal followed by advancement) were tracked for the straight and steerable needles.

Results
For the straight needle, total time to reach the target was 499 to 667 seconds (mean, 592 seconds); for the steerable needle, total time to reach the target was 281 to 343 seconds (mean, 309 seconds), on average, 48% lower. The number of CT scans needed for needle positioning averaged 6.25 for the straight needle and 3.5 for the steerable needle, which is 44% lower. Repositioning events (withdrawing and readvancing the needle) ranged from 3 to 10 for the straight needle (mean, 6.5) and 0 for the steerable needle.

Conclusions
Using an in vitro model embedded with obstacles, the steerable needle performed better than a straight needle with regard to procedure time, needle repositioning events, and CT scans required for placement.
Dual-Energy CT: Balance Between Iodine Attenuation and Artifact Reduction for the Evaluation of Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Nair Jaykumar R. , DeBlois François , Ong Thomas , Devic Slobodan , Tomic Nada , Bekerat Hamed , Rosenbloom Lorne , Sultanem Khalil , Forghani Reza 
Published: April 2017

Objective
Dual-energy computed tomography high energy virtual monochromatic images (VMIs) can reduce artifact but suppress iodine attenuation in enhancing tumor. We investigated this trade-off to identify VMI(s) that strike the best balance between iodine detection and artifact reduction.

Methods
The study was performed using an Alderson radiation therapy phantom. Different iodine solutions (based on estimated tumor iodine content in situ using dual-energy computed tomography material decomposition) and different dental fillings were investigated. Spectral attenuation curves and quality index (QI: 1/SD) were evaluated.

Results
The relationship between iodine attenuation and QI depends on artifact severity and iodine concentration. For low to average concentration solutions degraded by mild to moderate artifact, the iodine attenuation and QI curves crossed at 95 keV.

Conclusions
High energy VMIs less than 100 keV can achieve modest artifact reduction while preserving sufficient iodine attenuation and could represent a useful additional reconstruction for evaluation of head and neck cancer.
Comparison of Power Versus Manual Injection in Bolus Shape and Image Quality on Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Angiography
Authors: Tsuboyama Takahiro , Jost Gregor , Pietsch Hubertus , Tomiyama Noriyuki 
Published: April 2017

Objective
The aim of this study was to compare power versus manual injection in bolus shape and image quality on contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CE-MRA).

Materials and Methods
Three types of CE-MRA (head-neck 3-dimensional [3D] MRA with a test-bolus technique, thoracic-abdominal 3D MRA with a bolus-tracking technique, and thoracic-abdominal time-resolved 4-dimensional [4D] MRA) were performed after power and manual injection of gadobutrol (0.1 mmol/kg) at 2 mL/s in 12 pigs (6 sets of power and manual injections for each type of CE-MRA). For the quantitative analysis, the signal-to-noise ratio was measured on ascending aorta, descending aorta, brachiocephalic trunk, common carotid artery, and external carotid artery on the 6 sets of head-neck 3D MRA, and on ascending aorta, descending aorta, brachiocephalic trunk, abdominal aorta, celiac trunk, and renal artery on the 6 sets of thoracic-abdominal 3D MRA. Bolus shapes were evaluated on the 6 sets each of test-bolus scans and 4D MRA. For the qualitative analysis, arterial enhancement, superimposition of nontargeted enhancement, and overall image quality were evaluated on 3D MRA. Visibility of bolus transition was assessed on 4D MRA. Intraindividual comparison between power and manual injection was made by paired t test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, and analysis of variance by ranks.

Results
Signal-to-noise ratio on 3D MRA was statistically higher with power injection than with manual injection (P < 0.001). Bolus shapes (test-bolus, 4D MRA) were represented by a characteristic standard bolus curve (sharp first-pass peak followed by a gentle recirculation peak) in all the 12 scans with power injection, but only in 1 of the 12 scans with manual injection. Standard deviations of time-to-peak enhancement were smaller in power injection than in manual injection. Qualitatively, although both injection methods achieved diagnostic quality on 3D MRA, power injection exhibited significantly higher image quality than manual injection (P = 0.001) due to significantly higher arterial enhancement (P = 0.031) and less superimposition of nontargeted enhancement (P = 0.001). Visibility of bolus transition on 4D MRA was significantly better with power injection than with manual injection (P = 0.031).

Conclusions
Compared with manual injection, power injection provides more standardized bolus shapes and higher image quality due to higher arterial enhancement and less superimposition of nontargeted vessels.
Higher Surgical Morbidity for Ulcerative Colitis Patients in the Era of Biologics
Authors: Abelson Jonathan S. , Michelassi Fabrizio , Mao Jialin , Sedrakyan Art , Yeo Heather 
Published: April 2017

Objective:
To investigate differences in surgical approach and postoperative outcomes for patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) before and after the introduction of biologic therapy.

Background:
Biologic use has dramatically increased since Food and Drug Administration approval of infliximab. Studies conflict as to the effect of these agents on surgical outcomes with some demonstrating worse surgical outcomes whereas others have found no difference.

Methods:
We used an administrative, all-payer, all-age group database located in New York State. Patients were included if they had a diagnosis of UC and underwent surgery for their disease from 1995 to 2013. Outcomes were compared for the index admission, at 90-day, and 1-year follow up.

Results:
A total of 7070 patients were included for analysis; 54% patients underwent surgery between 1995 and 2005 and the remaining 46% patients underwent surgery between 2005 and 2013. There was a significant increase in the proportion of patients who underwent at least 3 procedures after 2005(14% vs 9%, P < 0.01). On adjusted analysis, patients undergoing surgery after 2005 had higher likelihood of major events (odd s ratio, OR = 1.42; 95% confidence interval, CI = 1.13–1.78), procedural complications (OR = 1.42; 95% CI = 1.20–1.68), and nonroutine discharge (OR = 3.17; 95% CI = 2.79–3.60) during the index admission. Similar trends for worse adjusted outcomes in patients initially undergoing surgery after 2005 were seen at 90-day and 1-year follow up.

Conclusions:
Since the introduction of biologic agents in 2005, surgery for patients with UC is more likely to require multiple procedures. Despite robust adjustments, patients having surgery recently have worse postoperative morbidity during the index hospitalization, at 90-day and 1-year follow up. More work is necessary to improve outcomes in these higher risk patients that undergo surgery.
Effects of small-scale clustering of flowers on pollinator foraging behaviour and flower visitation rate
Authors: Akter Asma , Biella Paolo , Klecka Jan 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPlants often grow in clusters of various sizes and have a variable number of flowers per inflorescence. This small-scale spatial clustering affects insect foraging strategies and plant reproductive success. In our study, we aimed to determine how visitation rate and foraging behaviour of pollinators depend on the number of flowers per plant and on the size of clusters of multiple plants usingDracocephalum moldavica(Lamiaceae) as a target species. We measured flower visitation rate by observations of insects visiting single plants and clusters of plants with different numbers of flowers. Detailed data on foraging behaviour within clusters of different sizes were gathered for honeybees,Apis mellifera, the most abundant visitor ofDracocephalumin the experiments. We found that the total number of flower visitors increased with the increasing number of flowers on individual plants and in larger clusters, but less then proportionally. Although individual honeybees visited more flowers in larger clusters, they visited a smaller proportion of flowers, as has been previously observed. Consequently, visitation rate per flower and unit time peaked in clusters with an intermediate number of flowers. These patterns do not conform to expectations based on optimal foraging theory and the ideal free distribution model. We attribute this discrepancy to incomplete information about the distribution of resources. Detailed observations and video recordings of individual honeybees also showed that the number of flowers had no effect on handling time of flowers by honeybees. We evaluated the implications of these patterns for insect foraging biology and plant reproduction.
Individual level reliability of PAS-induced neural plasticity
Authors: Kim Yeun , Ngo Jacqueline P. , Deblieck Choi , Edwards Dylan J. , Dobkin Bruce , Wu Allan D. , Iacoboni Marco 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObjectiveWe assessed the individual level reliability of neural plasticity changes induced by paired associative stimulation (PAS), which combines peripheral nerve stimulation with transcranial magnetic stimulation to induce short-term plastic changes in the brain.MethodsFor 5 consecutive weeks, motor evoked potentials (MEPs) of 8 healthy subjects were acquired every 10 minutes post-PAS intervention for a period of 60 minutes. The post-PAS MEPs were evaluated against base-line MEPs using permutation and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests to determine whether the MEP magnitudes changed after PAS. Moreover, various sample sizes of the MEP data were used to deduce the minimum number of MEPs needed to reliably detect individual propensity to neural plasticity.ResultsGroup analysis exhibited significant increase in post-PAS MEPs, confirming previous results. While high between-sessions variability was observed at individual level, data show that between 40 to 50 MEPs can reliably assess each subject’s responsiveness to PAS. Subjects exhibited three different plasticity patterns: in the modulated hemisphere only, both hemispheres, or neither hemisphere.ConclusionsPAS can reliably assess individual differences in neural plasticity.SignificanceA marker of individual plasticity may be useful to predict the effects of a motor rehabilitation, drug or other intervention to increase recovery of function after brain injury.HighlightsPaired associative stimulation (PAS) assesses neural plasticity non invasively.The study shows how PAS can reliably determine individual differences in plasticity.PAS may be used to predict intervention outcome or individualize treatment dose.
Collection and preservation of urinary proteins using a fluff pulp diaper
Authors: Qin Weiwei , Du Zhenhuan , Gao Youhe 
Published: April 2017

AbstractChange is the most fundamental property of biomarker. Contrast to the blood, which is under homeostatic controls, urine reflects changes in the body earlier and more sensitive therefore is a better biomarker source. And drawing blood from infants and toddlers is hard and less tolerated. For patients limited by language, giving chief complaint is difficult. Thus, monitoring biomarkers in urine can provide valuable clues for diagnosis of diseases, especially pediatric diseases. Collecting urine from young children and some adult patients is more challenging than collecting it from healthy adults. Here, we propose a method that uses a fluff pulp diaper to collect urine. Urinary proteins were then eluted and adsorbed onto a piece of nitrocellulose membrane, which can be dried and stored in a vacuumed bag. SDS-PAGE and LC-MS/MS analysis indicated that this method is reproducible, and similar proteins were identified as those obtained using an acetone precipitation method. With this simple economical method, it is possible to collect and preserve urine samples from infants, toddlers, and patients with special needs, even for large-scale biomarker studies.
On the peopling of the Americas: molecular evidence for the Paleoamerican and the Solutrean models
Authors: Yuan Dejian , Huang Shi 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMorphological and archaeological studies suggest that the Americas were first occupied by non-Mongoloids with Australo-Melanesian traits (the Paleoamerican model), which was subsequently followed by Southwest Europeans coming in along the pack ice of the North Atlantic Ocean (the Solutrean model) and by East Asians and Siberians arriving by way of the Bering Strait. Past DNA studies, however, have produced different accounts. With a better understanding of genetic diversity, we have now reinterpreted public DNA data. Consistent with our recent finding of a close relationship between South Pacific populations and Denisovans or Neanderthals who were archaic Africans with Eurasian admixtures, the ∼9500 year old Kennewick Man skeleton with Australo-Melanesian affinity from North America was about equally related to Europeans and Africans, least related to East Asians among present-day people, and most related to the ∼42000 year old Neanderthal Mezmaiskaya-2 from Adygea Russia among ancient Eurasian DNAs. The ∼12700 year old Anzick-1 of the Clovis culture was most related to the ∼18720 year old El Miron of the Magdalenian culture in Spain among ancient DNAs. Amerindian mtDNA haplotypes, unlike their Eurasian sister haplotypes, share informative SNPs with Australo-Melanesians, Africans, or Neanderthals. These results suggest a unifying account of informative findings on the settlement of the Americas.
GATTACA: Lightweight Metagenomic Binning with Compact Indexing of Kmer Counts and MinHash-based Panel Selection
Authors: Popic Victoria , Kuleshov Volodymyr , Snyder Michael , Batzoglou Serafim 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe introduce GATTACA, a framework for rapid and accurate binning of metagenomic contigs from a single or multiple metagenomic samples into clusters associated with individual species. The clusters are computed using co-abundance profiles within a set of reference metagnomes; unlike previous methods, GATTACA estimates these profiles from k-mer counts stored in a highly compact index. On multiple synthetic and real benchmark datasets, GATTACA produces clusters that correspond to distinct bacterial species with an accuracy that matches earlier methods, while being up to 20×faster when the reference panel index can be computed offline and 6×faster for online co-abundance estimation. Leveraging the MinHash technique to quickly compare metagenomic samples, GATTACA also provides an efficient way to identify publicly-available metagenomic data that can be incorporated into the set of reference metagenomes to further improve binning accuracy. Thus, enabling easy indexing and reuse of publicly-available metagenomic datasets, GATTACA makes accurate metagenomic analyses accessible to a much wider range of researchers.
(E)-2-benzylidene-3-(cyclohexylamino)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one (BCI) induces apoptosis via the intrinsic pathway in H1299 lung cancer cells
Authors: Shin Jong-Woon , Kwon Sae-Bom , Bak Yesol , Lee Sangku , Yoon Do-Young 
Published: April 2017

Abstract(E)-2-benzylidene-3-(cyclohexylamino)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one (BCI) is known as a dual specific phosphatase 1/6 or MAPK inhibitor. However, its precise anti-lung cancer mechanism remains unknown. In this study, the effects of BCI on cell viability were investigated in the non-small cell lung cancer cell lines NCI-H1299, A549, and NCI-H460. We confirmed that BCI significantly inhibited the cell viability of NCI-H1299 compared to those of NCI-H460 and A549 cells. The anti-cancer effects of BCI were evaluated by MTS assay, annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide staining, cell cycle analysis, reverse transcription-PCR, western blotting, and JC-1 staining in NCI-H1299 cells. BCI induced cellular morphological changes and inhibited viability of NCI-H1299 cells in a dose-dependent manner. BCI enhanced Bax expression and induced processing of caspase-9, caspase-3, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase as well as the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria into the cytosol. BCI also down-regulated Bcl-2 expression but enhanced Bax expression in a dose-dependent manner in NCI-H1299 cells. In addition, BCI did not modulate death receptor expression or the extrinsic factor caspase-8 and Bid, a linker between the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways in NCI-H1299 cells. On the basis of these results, we conclude that BCI induces apoptosis through a mediated intrinsic pathway, but not extrinsic pathway in NCI-H1299 cells. These results suggest that BCI can be used as a therapeutic agent in lung cancer.
Integrating telemetry data into spatial capture-recapture modifies inferences on multi-scale resource selection
Authors: Linden Daniel W. , Sirén Alexej P. K. , Pekins Peter J. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractEstimating population size and resource selection functions (RSFs) are common approaches in applied ecology for addressing wildlife conservation and management objectives. Traditionally such approaches have been undertaken separately with different sources of data. Spatial capture-recapture (SCR) provides a framework for jointly estimating density and multi-scale resource selection, and data integration techniques provide opportunities for improving inferences from SCR models. Here we illustrate an application of integrated SCR-RSF modeling to a population of American marten (Martes americana) in alpine forests of northern New England. Spatial encounter data from camera traps were combined with telemetry locations from radio-collared individuals to examine how density and space use varied with spatial environmental features. We compared multi-model inferences between the integrated SCR-RSF model with telemetry and a standard SCR model with no telemetry. The integrated SCR-RSF model supported more complex relationships with spatial variation in third-order resource selection (i.e., individual space use), including selection for areas with shorter distances to mixed coniferous forest and rugged terrain. Both models indicated increased second-order selection (i.e., density) for areas close to mixed coniferous forest, while the integrated SCR-RSF model had a lower effect size due to modulation from spatial variability in space use. Our application of the integrated SCR-RSF model illustrates the improved inferences from spatial encounter data that can be achieved from integrating auxiliary telemetry data. Integrated modeling allows ecologists to join empirical data to ecological theory using a robust quantitative framework to better address conservation and management objectives.
Synthesis-free PET imaging of brown adipose tissue and TSPO via Combination of Disulfiram and64CuCl2
Authors: Yang Jing , Yang Jian , Wang Lu , Moore Anna , Liang Steven H. , Ran Chongzhao 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPET imaging is a widely applicable but a very expensive technology. Strategies that can significantly reduce the high cost of PET imaging are highly desirable both for research and commercialization. On-site synthesis is one important contributor to the high cost. In this report, we demonstrated the feasibility of a synthesis-free method for PET imaging of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and translocator protein 18kDa (TSPO) via a combination of Disulfiram, an FDA approved drug for alcoholism, and64CuCl2(termed64Cu-Dis). Our blocking studies, Western blot, and tissue histological imaging suggested that the observed BAT contrast was due to64Cu-Dis binding to TSPO, which was further confirmed as a specific biomarker for BAT imaging using [18F]-F-DPA, a TSPO-specific PET tracer. Our studies, for the first time, demonstrated that TSPO could serve as a potential imaging biomarker for BAT. Furthermore, since imaging contrast obtained with both64Cu-Dis and [18F]-F-DPA was not dependent on BAT activation, these agents could be used for reliably imaging BAT mass. Additional value of our synthesis-free approach could be applied to imaging TSPO in other tissues as it is an established biomarker of neuro-inflammation in activated microglia and plays a role in immune response, steroid synthesis, and apoptosis. Although here we applied64Cu-Dis for a synthesis-free PET imaging of BAT, we believe that our strategy could be extended to other targets while significantly reducing the cost of PET imaging.SignificanceBrown adipose tissue (BAT) has been considered as “good fat,” and large-scale analysis has undoubtedly validated its clinical significance. BAT tightly correlates with body-mass index (BMI), suggesting that BAT bears clear significance for metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes. BAT imaging with [18F]-FDG, the most used method for visualizing BAT, primarily reflects BAT activation, but not BAT mass. A convenient imaging method that can consistently reflect BAT mass is still lacking. In this report, we demonstrated that BAT mass can be reliably imaged with a synthesis-free method using the combination of Disulfiram and64CuCl2(64Cu-Dis) via TSPO binding. We further demonstrated for the first time that TSPO is a specific imaging biomarker for BAT.