bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Mysterious Role of Arginine Vasopressin Levels in Ménière's Disease—Meta-analysis of Clinical Studies
Authors: Wu Jing , Zhou Jie , Dong Lu , Fan Wenjing , Zhang Jinyu , Wu Caiqin 
Published: December 2016

Objective:
There are contradicting claims that patients with Ménière's disease (MD) have elevated levels of arginine vasopressin (AVP). The results of published studies regarding the difference of AVP level between MD patients and non-MD control subjects are inconsistent. We propose that the discrepancy of AVP levels during different MD phases may be a potential reason. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis to analyze the precise estimate of this hypothesis.

Data Sources:
PubMed, Medline, and Cochrane databases from the earliest publication, up until September 2016; references from meta-analyses and related review articles.

Study Selection and Data Extraction:
Clinical studies that reported AVP level in MD patients and non-MD controls were independently reviewed according to the inclusion criteria. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale was used to assess quality of studies.

Data Synthesis:
Random effects model was used to calculate the weighted mean difference.

Conclusion:
Eight studies met the inclusion criteria. AVP levels of MD patients in acute phase (WMD = 2.29, 95% CI = 0.84–3.74, Z = 3.10, p = 0.002) were significantly higher than non-MD subjects. For MD patients in remission phase the difference of AVP levels between the MD patients and the non-MD controls was found (WMD = 0.54, 95% CI = −0.06 to 1.02, Z = 2.20, p = 0.03). However, AVP level was not an ideal biomarker of MD patients. Regardless of MD phase, there were no significant differences in the AVP level of MD patients (WMD = 0.27, 95% CI = −0.10 to 0.64, Z = 1.43, p = 0.15). Future investigations with larger sample sizes are needed to verify the results.
Brief Report: Increased Frequency of CD39+ CD56bright Natural Killer Cells in HIV-1 Infection Correlates With Immune Activation and Disease Progression
Authors: Dierks Patrick , Wroblewski Raluca , Eberhard Johanna M. , Martrus Gloria , Degen Olaf , Hertling Sandra , Schmiedel Stefan , Lunemann Sebastian , Hüfner Anja , Lohse Ansgar W. , Altfeld Marcus , van Lunzen Jan , Schulze zur Wiesch Julian 
Published: December 2016

Abstract:
The expression pattern of the ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 on natural killer (NK) cells was examined in peripheral blood mononuclear cell of 61 HIV-1–infected patients. Increased frequencies of CD39+CD56bright NK cells were detectable in untreated HIV patients, which was associated with high viral load, low CD4+ T-cell count, and CD8+ T-cell activation. Additionally, levels of CD39 on NK cells were inducible by in vitro stimulation of NK cells, correlating with aryl hydrocarbon receptor and interleukin 10 expression. Here, we provide the first evidence of increased CD39+CD56bright NK cell frequencies during HIV infection, which might have consequences for NK cell function and HIV pathogenesis.
First-Person Point-of-View–Augmented Reality for Central Line Insertion Training
Authors: Rochlen Lauryn R. , Levine Robert , Tait Alan R. 
Published: December 2016

Introduction
The value of simulation in medical education and procedural skills training is well recognized. Despite this, many mannequin-based trainers are limited by the inability of the trainee to view the internal anatomical structures. This study evaluates the usability and feasibility of a first-person point-of-view–augmented reality (AR) trainer on needle insertion as a component of central venous catheter placement.

Methods
Forty subjects, including medical students and anesthesiology residents and faculty, participated. Augmented reality glasses were provided through which the relevant internal anatomical landmarks were projected. After a practice period, participants were asked to place the needle in the mannequin without the benefit of the AR-projected internal anatomy. The ability of the trainees to correctly place the needle was documented. Participants also completed a short survey describing their perceptions of the AR technology.

Results
Participants reported that the AR technology was realistic (77.5%) and that the ability to view the internal anatomy was helpful (92.5%). Furthermore, 85% and 82.1%, respectively, believed that the AR technology promoted learning and should be incorporated into medical training. The ability to successfully place the needle was similar between experienced and nonexperienced participants; however, less experienced participants were more likely to inadvertently puncture the carotid artery.

Conclusions
Results of this pilot study demonstrated the usability and feasibility of AR technology as a potentially important adjunct to simulated medical skills training. Further development and evaluation of this innovative technology under a variety of simulated medical training settings would be an important next step.
Repetitive Facial Nerve Stimulation Using Occipitalis Muscle
Authors: Adatepe Turgut , Gündüz Ayşegül , Yildirim Ahmet , Uzun Nurten 
Published: December 2016

Purpose:
We aimed to evaluate the reliability and reproducibility of repetitive nerve stimulation recorded on occipitalis muscle by comparing recordings on nasalis muscle in healthy subjects.

Methods:
A total of 23 healthy subjects (mean age: 44.7 ± 13.8 years) underwent detailed neurological examination and repetitive nerve stimulation using nasalis and occipitalis muscles. Amplitude and area percentage changes of compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) after repetitive nerve stimulation with different frequency were compared between right and left sides and between recordings on nasalis and occipitalis muscles.

Results:
Comparisons of percentage amplitude changes of nasalis and occipitalis CMAPs showed no differences (+0.1% ± 3.8% vs. +1.4% ± 3.9%, P = 0.129). Average area percentage change of nasalis CMAPs was 0.3% ± 19.0%, whereas the value of occipitalis CMAP was +2.8% ± 15.2% (P = 0.851). Comparisons of nasalis and occipitalis CMAPs values showed no differences.

Conclusions:
The repetitive nerve stimulation recorded on occipitalis muscle is simple, easy to apply, noninvasive, consistent, and reproducible.
Subjective Memory Immediately Following Electroconvulsive Therapy
Authors: Brus Ole , Nordanskog Pia , Båve Ullvi , Cao Yang , Hammar Åsa , Landén Mikael , Lundberg Johan , Nordenskjöld Axel 
Published: December 2016

Objectives
The aims of the present study were to describe the short-term rate of subjective memory worsening (SMW) and identify factors of importance for SMW in a large clinical sample treated for depression with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).

Methods
This register-based study included 1212 patients from the Swedish National Quality Register for ECT. Subjective memory worsening was defined as a 2-point worsening on the memory item of the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale from before to within 1 week after treatment. Associations between patient characteristics and treatment factors were examined using logistic regression.

Results
Subjective memory worsening was experienced in 26%. It was more common in women than in men (31% vs 18%; P < 0.001) and more common in patients aged 18 to 39 years than in patients 65 years or older (32% vs 22%; P = 0.008). Patients with less subjective memory disturbances before ECT had a greater risk of SMW. Patients in remission after ECT had a lower risk of SMW. A brief pulse width stimulus gave higher risk of SMW compared with ultrabrief pulse (odds ratio, 1.61; 95% confidence interval, 1.05–2.47).

Conclusions
Subjective memory worsening is reported by a minority of patients. However, young women are at risk of experiencing SMW. Ultrabrief pulse width stimulus could be considered for patients treated with unilateral electrode placement who experience SMW. Each patient should be monitored with regard to symptoms and adverse effects, and treatment should be adjusted on an individual basis to maximize the clinical effect and with efforts to minimize the cognitive adverse effects.
BOS Brands: challenges of internationalisation
Authors: Human Christopher James , Bick Geoff 
Published: December 2016

Subject area
This teaching case focuses on the field of marketing, particularly, the situation of building a global brand as small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) internationalizing from an emerging market.

Study level/applicability
It is recommended for postgraduate and post-experience students, for example, in MBA programmes and executive education courses.

Case overview
This teaching case focuses on the field of marketing, particularly, the situation of building a global brand as SME internationalizing from an emerging market. It is recommended for postgraduate and post-experience students, for example, in MBA programmes and executive education courses. BOS Brands provides an interesting case on the internationalisation experience of a Born Global firm, particularly from an emerging market context. This medium-sized South African business develops, distributes and markets Rooibos-based beverages in Southern Africa and Europe, with eyes on a broader global presence. The case provides insights into the strategic decisions required to successfully take a medium-sized business into competitive foreign markets without the capital and support enjoyed by many larger multinational corporations. Among other issues, BOS Brands provides fertile ground to explore the selection of target country and entry mode, overcoming cultural and physical distance, opportunity recognition and the roles of networks and innovation.

Expected learning outcomes
The expected learning outcomes are to: analyse the decision-making process of the internationalising SME in terms of internationalisation factors, timing and phases and evaluation of potential target countries and entry mode options and launch marketing approach; understand the complexities of marketing in a foreign cultural and business context (including cultural and physical distance); and develop alternative marketing strategies for an entrepreneurial SME to grow internationally given limited resources.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Subject code
CSS 8: Marketing.
Determinants of restaurant internationalization: an upper echelons theory perspective
Authors: Lee Won Seok , Kim Insin , Moon Joonho 
Published: December 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to account for the internationalization of restaurants. The conceptual framework of upper echelons theory is applied to identify the demographic determinants of internationalization among chief executive officers (CEOs).Design/methodology/approachData from 30 restaurant firms for the period 1999-2013 were collected from a variety of sources, primarily Compustat and Execucomp, based on Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) code 5812, the annual 10-K and public information. A panel feasible generalized least squares model was used as the main instrument of analysis.FindingsThe findings indicate that the CEO gender and share ownership negatively affect the internationalization of restaurant companies, whereas size, the extent of franchising, the type of restaurant and stock options positively affect the degree of internationalization. Additionally, an inverted U-shaped relation exists between CEO tenure and the degree of internationalization.Practical implicationsThe presented information may provide shareholders and boards of directors with valuable guidelines regarding the assignment of appropriate managers depending on the extent to which their companies are pursuing internationalization strategies.Originality/valueMost studies in hospitality sectors have focused only on accounting-based measures to explain strategic decision-making, although proponents of upper echelons theory have argued that CEO attributes influence strategic decisions/changes. This study contributes to the literature on hospitality by identifying the effects of CEO characteristics on internationalization decisions.
Adult vocational decision, career satisfaction and future intention
Authors: Zopiatis Anastasios , Theocharous Antonis L. , Constanti Panayiotis 
Published: December 2016

PurposeThis study aims to examine the association between the elements which influence the career decision-making process of tenured hospitality employees and their existing level of career satisfaction (CSat) and future intention.Design/methodology/approachAdopting a quantitative approach, a questionnaire survey collected data from 564 individuals working as full-time employees at all levels of the hierarchy in four- and five-star hotel establishments in Cyprus. Structural equation modeling analysis, preceded by exploratory factor analysis, was utilized to assess the constructs’ relationships and address the postulated hypotheses.FindingsThe results suggest that accurate job-person fit, reflective career awareness and the individuals’ pragmatic occupational perceptions, positively influence their CSat and, subsequently, strengthen their intention to remain and progress within the industry.Research limitations/implicationsThe study’s setting, the Cyprus hospitality industry, a Mediterranean seasonal destination with unique operational characteristics, may limit the generalizability of the findings to business environments in other regions.Practical implicationsInsights are of interest and value to stakeholders, including academic scholars wishing to build on this investigation, industry professionals striving to revitalize interest toward relevant professions, career counselors’ vocational decision guidance tactics and strategies and individuals envisioning a prosperous hospitality career.Originality/valueThe paper enhances and enriches our conceptual knowledge of a relatively barren landscape, investigating the behavior of mature employees’ choice of a hospitality career.
Workplace incivility and its effect upon restaurant frontline service employee emotions and service performance
Authors: Cho Meehee , Bonn Mark A. , Han Su Jin , Lee Kyung Hee 
Published: December 2016

PurposeThis study aims to acquire a better understanding about consequences of workplace incivility upon restaurant frontline service employees caused by customers, supervisors and coworkers. The moderating roles of perceived organizational support (POS) and emotion regulation ability (ERA) were also tested to determine the possibility for reducing the negative effect of workplace incivility upon the emotional exhaustion of restaurant frontline service employees.Design/methodology/approachUsing data obtained from 239 restaurant frontline service employees, a 35-item instrument was used to assess workplace incivility and its effects upon emotional exhaustion, perceived service performance, POS and ERA. A structural equation model was used to test hypotheses. The multi-group approach was used to investigate the moderating effects POS and ERA have upon the relationships between workplace incivility, emotional exhaustion and perceived service performance.FindingsResults documented that workplace incivility significantly increases emotional exhaustion and further leads to low levels of job service performance. Customer incivility was especially found to have the strongest power for increasing emotional exhaustion, followed by supervisor incivility. Also, results confirmed that POS and ERA play significant roles in moderating the relationships between workplace incivility, emotional exhaustion and perceived service performance. Based upon this study’s findings, theoretical and practical implications are offered for developing successful employee management strategies.Practical implicationsResults suggest specific practical management implications pertaining to restaurant frontline service employees. This study’s research findings recommend the development of more efficient support programs designed to diffuse potential situations involving workplace incivility. Findings further highlight the important role employee ERA has upon the effects of incivility and frontline service performance. Implications are provided with respect to specific strategic direction management should consider to recruit and select the most appropriate employees for restaurant frontline service positions.Originality/valueThe current study’s conceptual research was developed in an attempt to simultaneously address all three dimensions of workplace incivility to examine how they affect employee emotions and their job performance.
“The wound is still open”: the Nakba experience among internally displaced Palestinians in Israel
Authors: Ghnadre-Naser Sfaa , Somer Eli 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
While the 1948 Nakba represents the most significant crisis in the history of the Palestinian people, its psychological effects on its survivors in Israel have yet to be explored. The purpose of this paper is to examine the subjective experience and the psychological implications of the Nakba ordeals and the ensuing uprooting among the internally displaced Palestinians living in Israel.

Design/methodology/approach
Qualitative semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with ten internally displaced Palestinians who experienced the Nakba as youngsters. The interview transcripts were analyzed thematically in line with accepted practice in phenomenological research in psychology.

Findings
Participants had experienced a wide range of traumatic events intertwined with protracted daily struggles and accumulated losses. These experiences resulted in pronounced psychological distress and immense inner pain that was perpetuated throughout their lives, rendering the Nakba an unresolved traumatic experience.

Research limitations/implications
This paper describes the psychological outcome of the Nakba among a small sample of elderly survivors. Further urgent research is needed to collect valuable untapped information from this aging and dwindling community.

Originality/value
Although more than six decades have elapsed since the tragic events, the current research paper constitutes a pioneering effort to document the subjective experience of the Nakba. The current research findings counterbalance 60 years of public and academic disregard of this tragic period.
Reducing teacher stress: improving humanized management of Chinese teachers
Authors: Yu Guoliang , Dong Yan , Wang Qi , An Ran 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
To improve humanized management of Chinese teachers, the aim of this study is to, first, investigate the stress of Chinese teachers, and, second, to examine the relationship of teacher stress with coping strategies and social support. Moreover, an attempt is made to examine the moderating role of coping strategies in the relationship between social support and teacher stress.

Design/methodology/approach
Participants consisted of 363 teachers from 6 public primary and secondary schools (both regular and vocational schools), who completed 3 self-report questionnaires examining teacher stress, coping strategies and social support. The methodology used was t-test, correlation analysis and hierarchical multiple regression analysis.

Findings
There are more than 50 per cent of primary and secondary school teachers suffering from mild to extremely severe stress. Working environment (regular or vocational schools), gender and age affect teacher stress. Social support and passive strategies have significant relationships with teacher stress, and passive strategies moderate the relationship between social support and teacher stress.

Research limitations/implications
The study is based on a sample taken from public primary and secondary schools, and the character of the research was cross-sectional. Therefore, we must be cautious in generalizing the findings. An important implication for management of the findings of this study is the importance of humanized management for teachers. To reduce teacher stress, more social support should be provided by educational administrators, and teachers should be trained to avoid using passive strategies.

Originality/value
Through the investigation into the teacher stress in both regular and vocational schools, this study provides a new point of view for human resource managers to control and reduce teacher stress in China by improved humanized management.
Kundalini yoga as mutual recovery: a feasibility study including children in care and their carers
Authors: Vallejos Elvira Perez , Ball Mark John , Brown Poppy , Crepaz-Keay David , Haslam-Jones Emily , Crawford Paul 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to test whether incorporating a 20-week Kundalini yoga programme into a residential home for children improves well-being outcomes.

Design/methodology/approach
This is a mixed methods feasibility study. Feasibility was assessed through recruitment and retention rates as well as participants’ self-report perceptions on social inclusion, mental health and well-being and through semi-structured interviews on the benefits of the study. Mutual recovery entailed that children in care (CIC), youth practitioners and management participated together in the Kundalini yoga sessions.

Findings
The study initially enrolled 100 per cent of CIC and 97 per cent (29/30) of eligible staff. Attendance was low with an average rate of four sessions per participant (SD=3.7, range 0-13). All the participants reported that the study was personally meaningful and experienced both individual (e.g. feeling more relaxed) and social benefits (e.g. feeling more open and positive). Pre- and post-yoga questionnaires did not show any significant effects. Low attendance was associated with the challenges faced by the children’s workforce (e.g. high levels of stress, low status, profile and pay) and insufficient consultation and early involvement of stakeholders on the study implementation process.

Research limitations/implications
Because of the chosen research approach (i.e. feasibility study) and low attendance rate, the research results may lack generalisability. Therefore, further research with larger samples including a control or comparison group to pilot similar research questions is mandatory.

Practical implications
This study has generated a number of valuable guiding principles and recommendations that might underpin the development of any future intervention for CIC and staff working in children’s homes.

Social implications
The concept of togetherness and mutuality within residential spaces is discussed in the paper.

Originality/value
The effects of Kundalini yoga have not been reported before in any peer-review publications. This paper fulfils an identified need (i.e. poor outcomes among CIC and residential staff) and shows how movement and creative practices can support the concept of mutual recovery.
Trichobezoar in Vagina: Assessment for Child Sexual Abuse and Diagnostic Result of Forensic Science
Authors: Bağ Özlem , Acar Buğra Han , Öztürk Şenol , Alşen Sevay , Ecevit Çiğdem 
Published: December 2016

AbstractVaginal discharge and bleeding in children require a through and thoughtful evaluation to diagnose the underlying problem including infections, sexual abuse, and vaginal foreign bodies. We report a 6‐year‐old girl presenting with bloody vaginal discharge, carefully evaluated for sexual abuse, and finally diagnosed as a vaginal foreign body after vaginoscopy. A rolling hair ball was extracted from the vagina and was diagnosed as trichobezoar pathologically without any endo–ecto‐mesodermal residual tissue. The hair ball was genetically detected and diagnosed to belong herself by containing no foreign structure. Child sexual abuse was ruled out by forensic interview at CAC and report of forensic science that reported genetic structure belonging to the child. Medicolegal assessment helped in final diagnosis to exclude child sexual abuse.