bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Differential Role of Smell and Taste For Eating Behavior
Authors: Boesveldt Sanne , de Graaf Kees 
Published: January 2017

Food choice and food intake are guided by both sensory and metabolic processes. The senses of taste and smell play a key role in the sensory effects on choice and intake. This article provides a comprehensive overview of, and will argue for, the differential role of smell and taste for eating behavior by focusing on appetite, choice, intake, and satiation. The sense of smell mainly plays a priming role in eating behavior. It has been demonstrated that (orthonasal) odor exposure induces appetite specifically for the cued food. However, the influence of odors on food choice and intake is less clear, and may also depend on awareness or intensity of the odors, or personality traits of the participants. Taste on the other hand, has a clear role as a (macro)nutrient sensing system, during consumption. Together with texture, taste is responsible for eating rate, and thus in determining the oral exposure duration of food in the mouth, thereby contributing to satiation. Results from these experimental studies should be taken to real-life situations, to assess longer-term effects on energy intake. With this knowledge, it will be possible to steer people’s eating behavior, as well as food product development, toward a less obesogenic society.
Hemicrania continua in carotid artery dissection – symptomatic cases or linked pathophysiology?
Authors: Brilla Roland , Pawlowski Matthias , Evers Stefan 
Published: January 2017

Background Hemicrania continua (HC) -like headaches have been rarely reported as symptomatic headaches, including cases secondary to cervical artery dissection. Case series We present five cases of HC-like headaches following cervical artery dissection, in three cases with specific indomethacin response. In two cases, comorbidity of fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) was noted. Conclusion Carotid artery dissection may result in an HC-like headache syndrome. A specific response to indomethacin does not rule out dissection as underlying pathology. Screening for extracranial manifestations of FMD should be considered, especially in middle-aged females.
Descriptive Characteristics of Concussions in National Football League Games, 2010-2011 to 2013-2014
Authors: Clark Michael D. , Asken Breton M. , Marshall Stephen W. , Guskiewicz Kevin M. 
Published: January 2017

Background: Despite a high reported incidence rate of concussion, little is known about the on-field characteristics of injurious head impacts in National Football League (NFL) games. Purpose: To characterize on-field features (location, player position, and time during game) and biomechanical features (anticipation status, closing distance, impact location and type) associated with concussions in NFL games over a 4-season period (2010-2011 to 2013-2014). Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: We analyzed video of a subset of reported, in-game concussions for the 2010-2011 to 2013-2014 seasons. These videos represented a sample of injuries that were diagnosed and reported on the same day and that could be clearly associated with an in-game collision as captured on video. We determined anticipation status, closing distance, impact location on the injured player’s helmet, and impact type (helmet-to-helmet, helmet-to-body, or helmet-to-ground). Associations between these variables were analyzed by use of descriptive statistics and tests of association. Results: A total of 871 diagnosed concussions were reported as occurring during NFL preseason, regular season, and postseason games for the 2010-2011, 2011-2012, 2012-2013, and 2013-2014 seasons. A total of 1324 games were played during this period, giving a concussion incidence rate of 0.658 per game (95% CI, 0.61-0.70). From the video-reviewed subset (n = 429; 49.3%), the majority of injurious impacts occurred with good anticipation (57.3%) and <10 yards of closing distance (59.0%). An association was found between anticipation status and play type ([Formula: see text] = 27.398, P < .001), largely because injuries occurring on pass plays were more likely to be poorly anticipated than injuries during run plays (43.0% vs 21.4%; [Formula: see text] = 14.78, P < .001). Kick returns had the greatest proportion of well-anticipated impacts (78%) and the greatest proportion of impacts with ≥10 yards of closing distance (80%). The type of impact was approximately equally divided between helmet-to-helmet, helmet-to-body, and helmet-to-ground types. The impact location was broadly distributed over the helmet of the injured player. Conclusion: In-game concussions in the NFL occurred through a diverse variety of mechanisms, surprisingly tended to be well-anticipated, and, also surprisingly, occurred with <10 yards of closing distance. The impacts causing concussion were broadly distributed over the helmet. More concussions occurred during the second half of game play, but we do not have evidence to explain this finding.
Cell-Seeded Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation: A Simplified Implantation Technique That Maintains High Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Gomoll Andreas H. , Ambra Luiz Felipe , Phan Amy , Mastrocola Marissa , Shah Nehal 
Published: January 2017

Background: The use of autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) remains limited, even though multiple studies have demonstrated success rates exceeding 75%. The procedure is perceived as invasive and technically challenging, presenting barriers to more widespread adoption. Purpose/Hypothesis: The objective of this study was to investigate whether outcomes and the failure rate of a simplified ACI technique (cs-ACI) were comparable with those of the more complicated traditional technique of a chondrocyte suspension injected under a collagen membrane (cACI). We hypothesized that the change in technique would not negatively affect outcomes. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Thirty-nine patients treated with the cs-ACI technique fulfilled the inclusion requirements. A group of 45 patients treated previously with standard cACI was used as a comparison. The functional outcomes were prospectively collected both preoperatively and postoperatively at the last follow-up. Failure was defined as any graft removal of more than 25% of the original defect size. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed postoperatively, and scans were assessed using a modified MOCART (magnetic resonance observation of cartilage repair tissue) scoring system. Results: Group demographics were not significantly different, except for the defect size and mean follow-up: 4.09 years in the cACI group and 2.46 years in the cs-ACI group. Significant improvements were seen in all outcome measures except the Tegner score from the preoperative baseline to the latest follow-up for both the cACI group (International Knee Documentation Committee [IKDC] score, from 42.0 to 63.4; Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score [KOOS]–Pain subscore, from 58.7 to 77.1; Lysholm score, from 57.2 to 69.7; and Tegner score, from 3.5 to 4.2) and the cs-ACI group (IKDC score, from 45.6 to 68.0; KOOS-Pain subscore, from 66.6 to 84.7; Lysholm score, from 53.7 to 75.4; and Tegner score, from 3.2 to 3.8). No significant difference was found between the groups at the latest follow-up. The failure rate at 2 years was not significantly different, while the total failure rate over the entire study period was significantly lower in the cs-ACI group than the cACI group (5% vs 24%, respectively). The overall MOCART score was not significantly different between the groups. Conclusion: The treatment of full-thickness articular cartilage defects with a simplified cell-seeded ACI technique demonstrated no significant differences in the failure rate and patient-reported outcomes when compared with a standard technique utilizing interrupted sutures and the injection of a cell suspension under a collagen membrane.
Effects of Platelet-Rich Plasma With Concomitant Use of a Corticosteroid on Tenocytes From Degenerative Rotator Cuff Tears in Interleukin 1β–Induced Tendinopathic Conditions
Authors: Jo Chris Hyunchul , Lee Seung Yeon , Yoon Kang Sup , Shin Sue 
Published: January 2017

Background: A corticosteroid injection is commonly used to treat tendinopathy, but it has been associated with negative effects on tendon homeostasis. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is known to have proliferative and anabolic effects as well as cytoprotective effects against corticosteroids on tenocytes. However, the combined effects of a corticosteroid and PRP on the anti-inflammatory, matrix synthesis, and cytoprotective potential of tenocytes in conditions simulating tendinopathy have not been investigated. Purpose: To assess the effects of PRP on tenocytes from degenerative rotator cuff tears with the concomitant use of a corticosteroid in interleukin 1β (IL-1β)–induced tendinopathic conditions. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Tenocytes were enzymatically isolated and cultured from patients with degenerative rotator cuff tears. PRP was prepared using a plateletpheresis system, and growth factor concentrations were measured. To evaluate the gene expression of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, enzymes and their inhibitors, and matrix molecules, cells were cultured with 1 ng/mL IL-1β, 1 μM dexamethasone, and 10% (vol/vol) platelet-poor plasma (PPP) and PRP of 200, 1000, and 4000 × 103/μL; quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was also performed. Western blotting was performed to investigate the protein synthesis of degradative enzymes and their inhibitors. Cell viability, apoptosis, and senescence assays were also conducted. Results: PRP did not interfere with the anti-inflammatory effects of dexamethasone on tenocytes pretreated with IL-1β, but it increased the synthesis of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)–1 and -3. Meanwhile, PRP did not induce anti-inflammatory cytokines that had been suppressed with a corticosteroid. It did increase the type I/III collagen ratio mainly through the suppression of type III collagen expression. PRP reversed the decreased viability, increased apoptosis, and induced senescence with IL-1β and a corticosteroid. Conclusion: This study shows that the addition of PRP does not interfere with the anti-inflammatory effects of a corticosteroid on IL-1β–treated tenocytes from degenerative rotator cuff tears but that it does avoid the deleterious side effects of a corticosteroid. Clinical Relevance: PRP can be clinically useful with a corticosteroid as a treatment for tendinopathy.
A study on determination of application limits of bimodulus calculation using spherical stress tensor method
Authors: Du Ling , Li Fanchun , Liu Qingfeng 
Published: January 2017

For materials with different moduli in tension and compression, according to the features of spherical stress tensor, the new method (spherical stress tensor method (SSTM)) by judging the sign of the mean stress to determine elasticity modulus in tension or compression was put forward. Based on ANSYS, the analysis and calculation module of bimodulus materials were developed. In order to determine the application limits of spherical stress tensor method for plane stress state, referring to constitutive relation of Ambartsumyan, it could be improved by SSTM and the new constitutive model was obtained. It was set up that the relative error of principal strain between the new and Ambartsumyan model was less than 10%. Finally, the application limits of SSTM in plane stress problems are obtained by taking the relative error limits of principal strain as a judgment rule. The application limits for this method have certain limitations, but their advantage is that the flexibility matrix is not forced to be symmetric.
Autologous Pedal Extensor Tendon for Frontalis Suspension in the Correction of Blepharoptosis with Poor Levator Function
Authors: Tao Jeremiah , Dickson James B. 
Published: January 2017

Introduction: Blepharoptosis with poor levator function is commonly repaired with a frontalis suspension procedure. A variety of suspension materials have been used, including autologous fascia lata, banked fascia lata, Supramid, Gortex, silicone, and Mersilene. Autologous materials offer the advantage of less rejection and granuloma formation, and lower rates of ptosis recurrence. Autologous fascia lata, although commonly used, has been associated with hemorrhage, scar problems, pain, and muscle herniation over the harvest site. Additionally, sufficiently long autogenous fascia is sometimes not readily available. We describe the use of autologous pedal extensor (extensor digitorum longus) tendon for frontalis suspension. Materials and Methods: In a retrospective study, the authors evaluate 19 frontalis sling suspension surgeries using pedal extensor tendon in 17 consecutive patients with ptosis with poor levator function. The method of harvesting the pedal extensor tendon is described in detail. Results: Of 19 ptotic eyelids, 18 were successfully corrected with good final lid position. One eyelid was undercorrected. No recurrence of ptosis was encountered. No wound infection, eyelid contour abnormality, or ptosis overcorrection occurred. One eye developed exposure keratopathy that resolved with conservative treatment. There were no major complications associated with the pedal extensor tendon donor site. Discussion: Frontalis suspension with an autogenous pedal extensor tendon appears to be cosmetically sound and an effective treatment for ptosis with poor levator function. Its use as an alternative material to fascia lata for frontalis sling surgery can be considered.
Investigation of a Novel Cross-Linked Hyaluronan Hydrogel for Use as a Soft-Tissue Filler
Authors: Chan James , Darr Aniq B. , Alam Daniel , Calabro Anthony 
Published: January 2017

Objective: To investigate an innovative tyramine-based hyaluronan (TB-HA) biomaterial for soft-tissue augmentation. Specifically, to test: (1) the ability of the TB-HA biomaterial to be injected subcutaneously; and (2) to test the in vivo response of the TB-HA biomaterial in an immunocompetent animal model. Introduction: Hyaluronan (HA) is a normal component of most tissues and, as such, is nonimmunogenic, nontoxic, and noninflammatory. Cross-linked hydrogels are formed from HA by substitution (approximately 5%) with tyramine followed by enzymatic cross-linking with peroxidase in the presence of very dilute hydrogen peroxide. From a single formulation of tyramine-substituted HA (TS-HA), a full spectrum of biomaterial properties can be produced by varying the HA concentration before cross-linking. The properties of these biomaterials ranged from a soft, optically clear hydrogel (6.25 mg/mL), suitable for soft-tissue augmentation as an injectable material, to a paste-like material (12.5–25.0 mg/mL). Materials and Methods: The hydrogel was evaluated in vivo as an injectable material (6.25 mg/mL). The material was injected into the subcutaneous tissue of an adult Sprague-Dawley rat, harvested at 8 weeks, and evaluated grossly and histologically. The specimens were paraffin embedded, sectioned on a microtome, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Results: In vivo analysis of the TB-HA hydrogels at 8 weeks revealed that they were resistant to degradation. Histological analysis revealed no evidence of rejection or tissue inflammatory response. Conclusions: Novel enzymatic cross-linking of HA enables the development of a versatile new biomaterial that can be used for soft-tissue augmentation. Preliminary in vivo analysis in an immunocompetent rat model revealed that the hydrogel material resisted degradation and did not elicit a host inflammatory response.
A Prospective Study of Tubed ePTFE Lip Implants: An Objective Evaluation of Efficacy, Hardness, and Length
Authors: Stupak Howard D. , Loos Benjamin , Maas Corey S. 
Published: January 2017

Introduction: Previous studies of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) soft tissue implants using subjective measurements have indicated problems with implant hardening, contraction, and loss of efficacy over time. However, clinical studies using objective measures have not yet been published in the evaluation of these implants. This study aims to evaluate lip ePTFE implants prospectively with objective evaluation of changes in implant hardness and length, lip projection, and vermilion show over time. Methods: Patients with atrophic lips were enrolled in this study. Thin-walled tubes of ePTFE were implanted into upper or lower lips. Lip projection and vermilion show were measured using lateral digital images and digital software. Lip hardness was measured using a durometer, a hand-held device designed to register the hardness of various substances using a spring-loaded indentor. All measurements were completed preoperatively and postoperatively at days 15, 30, 90, and 180. Preoperative measurements served as control data. All measurements from preoperative and additional time-point values were compared using at test. Results: A total of 19 implants were placed in 10 patients. One implant was removed due to patient dissatisfaction with overprojection, another was removed for acute infection. One implant/patient was lost to follow-up. Durometer scores of the lip increased nearly fourfold, which indicates an increase in hardness over time (P < .001). Gains in lip projection peaked at 2 mm by 3 months postoperatively and returned to within 1 mm of baseline by 6 months. No implant shortening occurred. Discussion: Tubular ePTFE implants were safe and resulted in modest gains in lip projection over 6 months. However, these implants lost initial gains in projection and hardened over time, with loss of vermilion show in some cases. These changes over time may be due to a process similar to the capsular contracture commonly seen with breast implants.
Comparison of Patients' Assessments on Overall Facial Rejuvenation and Procedural Pain Seen with a Fluorescent Pulsed-Light Source and Those Seen with a Traditional Intense Pulsed-Light Source
Authors: Nahm Walter K. , Chipps Lisa K. , Wrone David A. , Ma Fangchao , Lee David A. , Iwasaki Julie K. , Shin Edward C. , Moy Ronald L. 
Published: January 2017

Introduction: Intense pulsed-light (IPL) treatments are effective alternatives to ablative procedures for improving the appearance of photodamaged skin. Currently, there are multiple IPL sources to modulate photoaged skin, but there are no studies comparing the efficacy of or pain associated with 2 different PL sources. Therefore, we chose to compare patients' assessments of overall cutaneous rejuvenation and pain associated with a fluorescent PL source and a traditional IPL source. Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of 24 patients who were treated with both a fluorescent PL source and a traditional IPL source. These patients completed questionnaire surveys that assessed (by a graded scale) pain during the procedure and overall satisfaction with each IPL source. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test for paired data as well as McNemar's test were used to compare overall facial rejuvenation and procedural pain between the 2 light sources. Results: For both light sources, most patients reported “fair” or better improvement in skin appearance. The patients did not report a significant difference in overall skin improvement between the treatments with each light source. In addition, most patients did not report having pain during recovery after procedures by either light source. However, patients did report significantly less pain during treatments with the fluorescent device compared with the traditional IPL source. Discussion: IPL sources provide safe and effective nonablative treatment for facial photorejuvenation. Patients are equally satisfied with the effects seen with both traditional and fluorescent PL source, but reported less pain with the fluorescent PL procedure during treatments.
Ambulatory Abdominoplasty: Body Mass Index Used to Select Surgery Candidates
Authors: Williams Troy C. , Hardaway Michele , Altuna Brenda 
Published: January 2017

Introduction: Body mass index (BMI) has been used in many applications. In the adult population, it is gender independent and therefore applicable to both men and women. This study presents the results of our evaluation of 22 cases of outpatient abdominoplasty where BMI was used to delineate which abdominoplasty candidates could safely undergo abdominoplasty on an outpatient basis by the tumescent technique. Methods and Materials: The charts for 22 patients who underwent ambulatory abdominoplasty were reviewed. In each patient, the preoperative evaluation, intraoperative surgical technique, and postoperative care were examined. Each of the patients had a BMI between 22 and 34. All the patients had an American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) I or II classification based on having no health concerns or I health matter that was well controlled. Results: All 22 patients spent between 40 and 75 minutes recovering and were discharged into the care of a responsible adult upon meeting discharge criteria the same day the surgery was performed. No surgical- or sedation-related complications were reported after several months of clinical observation. We found that abdominoplasty performed under intravenous sedation with a tumescent anesthetic could be safe and effective if performed on properly selected patients. Conclusion: BMI and risk assessment by Anesthesia can be a reliable method to help determine the proper candidates for outpatient office-based surgery. Using strict criteria, we can avoid many of the complications seen with the combination of abdominoplasty and liposuction and perform these operations safely.
Comparison of Commonly Used Dressing Techniques after Carbon Dioxide Laser Facial Resurfacing
Authors: Fattahi Tirbod , Kirkpatrick David 
Published: January 2017

Introduction: We sought to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the most commonly used bio-occlusive dressings applied to the facial region after carbon dioxide laser resurfacing. The composition, application process, ease of use, cost, and specific manufacturer's directions for use were assessed for each type of dressing. Materials and Methods: The most commonly used dressings following carbon dioxide laser facial resurfacing include: composite foam, hydrogel, polymer film, polymer mesh, and silicone gel. Specific findings for each dressing including composition of material, ease of application, cost, and unique manufacturers' directions were recorded. Results: There are several manufactures offering wound dressings for use after carbon dioxide laser resurfacing of the face. Each dressing has its own unique clinical properties, ease of application, and cost. Conclusions: Although several post-laser resurfacing dressing choices are available to the laser surgeon, it is imperative that the appropriate material is used based on a selection criteria including cost, ease of use, ingredients, patient comfort, and clinical performance. Regardless of the claims made by the manufactures, the clinician must be keenly aware of the healing process after a carbon dioxide laser resurfacing so that the appropriate dressing can be safely applied to the patient.