bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterizing magnetopause shadowing effects in the outer electron radiation belt during geomagnetic storms
Authors: Herrera D. , Maget V. F. , Sicard‐Piet A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractRelativistic electrons dynamics is still challenging to predict during the main phase of a storm. In particular, three dimensions radiation belt models, for which temporal resolution is limited, fail in predicting their behavior, especially when dropouts occur. In this paper we present a new model of magnetopause shadowing losses to be incorporated into the ONERA Salammbô code in order to improve the model accuracy. We show in this paper that above a few hundred keVs, magnetopause shadowing is the first contribution to losses in the outer electron belt during dropout events. Global variations of Earth‐magnetopause distance and relativistic electron flux have been analyzed to establish the correlation between the magnetopause shadowing and dropouts on the outer electron radiation belt during geomagnetic storms. To that purpose, a Superposed Epoch Analysis has been done using NOAA Polar‐orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite 15 measurements. First, a list of 67 Stream Interfaces has been used to validate the method, and then the Superposed Epoch Analysis has been run over more than one solar cycle. Our results show that the model of magnetopause location we have developed fits well with a Superposed Epoch Analysis performed and that we are able to define a criteria based on it that detect intense dropouts. Finally, we have included this model in the Salammbô code, and we present here the improvements obtained as well as the validation made.
Ion‐Mediated Polymerase Chain Reactions Performed with an Electronically Driven Microfluidic Device
Authors: Zhang Yi , Li Qian , Guo Linjie , Huang Qing , Shi Jiye , Yang Yang , Liu Dongsheng , Fan Chunhai 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a powerful method for exponentially amplifying very low amounts of target DNA from genetic, clinical, and forensic samples. However, the heating and cooling steps in PCR largely hamper the miniaturization of thermocyclers for on‐site detection of pathogens and point‐of‐care tests. Herein, we devise an ion‐mediated PCR (IM‐PCR) strategy by exploiting ion‐induced DNA denaturation/renaturation cycles. DNA duplexes are effectively denatured in alkaline solutions; whereas, the denatured single‐stranded DNA strands readily reform duplexes at neutral pH. By using an integrated microchip that can programmably control the solution pH simply switching the potential in a range of several hundred millivolts, we can trigger IM‐PCR at a constant temperature. Analogously to thermal cycling, 30 cycles of pH‐induced denaturation/renaturation were used to amplify protein DNA fragments as confirmed by DNA sequencing. We anticipate that this portable, low‐cost, and scalable IM‐PCR holds great promise for widespread biological, clinical, and environmental applications.
Activity‐Based Probes for 15‐Lipoxygenase‐1
Authors: Eleftheriadis Nikolaos , Thee Stephanie A. , Zwinderman Martijn R. H. , Leus Niek G. J. , Dekker Frank J. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractHuman 15‐lipoxygenase‐1 (15‐LOX‐1) plays an important role in several inflammatory lung diseases, such as asthma, COPD, and chronic bronchitis, as well as various CNS diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and stroke. Activity‐based probes of 15‐LOX‐1 are required to explore the role of this enzyme further and to enable drug discovery. In this study, we developed a 15‐LOX‐1 activity‐based probe for the efficient activity‐based labeling of recombinant 15‐LOX‐1. 15‐LOX‐1‐dependent labeling in cell lysates and tissue samples was also possible. To mimic the natural substrate of the enzyme, we designed activity‐based probes that covalently bind to the active enzyme and include a terminal alkene as a chemical reporter for the bioorthogonal linkage of a detectable functionality through an oxidative Heck reaction. The activity‐based labeling of 15‐LOX‐1 should enable the investigation and identification of this enzyme in complex biological samples, thus opening up completely new opportunities for drug discovery.
Structure and Mechanism of the Sphingopyxin I Lasso Peptide Isopeptidase
Authors: Fage Christopher D. , Hegemann Julian D. , Nebel Annika J. , Steinbach Roman M. , Zhu Shaozhou , Linne Uwe , Harms Klaus , Bange Gert , Marahiel Mohamed A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractLasso peptides are natural products that assume a unique lariat knot topology. Lasso peptide isopeptidases (IsoPs) eliminate this topology through isopeptide bond cleavage. To probe how these enzymes distinguish between substrates and hydrolyze only isopeptide bonds, we examined the structure and mechanism of a previously uncharacterized IsoP from the proteobacterium Sphingopyxis alaskensis RB2256 (SpI‐IsoP). We demonstrate that SpI‐IsoP efficiently and specifically linearizes the lasso peptide sphingopyxin I (SpI) and variants thereof. We also present crystal structures of SpI and SpI‐IsoP, revealing a threaded topology for the former and a prolyl oligopeptidase (POP)‐like fold for the latter. Subsequent structure‐guided mutational analysis allowed us to propose roles for active‐site residues. Our study sheds light on lasso peptide catabolism and expands the engineering potential of these fascinating molecules.
Partial splenic embolization to permit continuation of systemic chemotherapy
Authors: Luz Jose Hugo M. , Luz Paula M. , Marchiori Edson , Rodrigues Leonardo A. , Gouveia Hugo R. , Martin Henrique S. , Faria Igor M. , Souza Roberto R. , Gil Roberto de Almeida , Palladino Alexandre de M. , Pimenta Karina B. , de Souza Henrique S. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractSystemic chemotherapy treatments, commonly those that comprise oxaliplatin, have been linked to the appearance of distinctive liver lesions that evolves to portal hypertension, spleen enlargement, platelets sequestration, and thrombocytopenia. This outcome can interrupt treatment or force dosage reduction, decreasing efficiency of cancer therapy. We conducted a prospective phase II study for the evaluation of partial splenic embolization in patients with thrombocytopenia that impeded systemic chemotherapy continuation. From August 2014 through July 2015, 33 patients underwent partial splenic embolization to increase platelets count and allow their return to treatment. Primary endpoint was the accomplishment of a thrombocyte level superior to 130 × 109/L and the secondary endpoints were the return to chemotherapy and toxicity. Partial splenic embolization was done 36 times in 33 patients. All patients presented gastrointestinal cancer and colorectal malignancy was the commonest primary site. An average of 6.4 cycles of chemotherapy was done before splenic embolization and the most common regimen was Folfox. Mean platelet count prior to embolization was 69 × 109/L. A total of 94% of patients achieved primary endpoint. All patients in need reinitiated treatment and median time to chemotherapy return was 14 days. No grade 3 or above adverse events were identified. Aiming for a 50% to 70% infarction area may be sufficient to achieve success without the complications associated with more extensive infarction. Combined with the better safety profile, partial splenic embolization is an excellent option in the management of thrombocytopenia, enabling the resumption of systemic chemotherapy with minimal procedure‐related morbidity.
Impact of material vs. experiential purchase types on happiness: The moderating role of self‐discrepancy
Authors: Yu Ying , Jing Fengjie , Su Chen Ting , Zhou Nan , Nguyen Bang 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMost literature suggests that consumers are happier when they spend their money on experience, rather than material purchases, on the premise that consumers may evaluate material possessions largely on the basis of their functional utility and ability to fulfill basic human needs; experiential consumption reportedly fulfills mainly psychological needs. The present research addresses material purchases that fulfill not only functional but also psychological needs (e.g., status purchase). The results reveal that consumers with high self‐discrepancy are more apt to derive happiness from material status purchases than those with low self‐discrepancy (Experiments 1 and 2); this effect is mediated by the motives for goal pursuit (Experiment 3), as triggered by the desire to narrow the gap between the actual self and an ideal self. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
APOBEC3G governs the generation of truncated AATF protein to ensure oncogenic transformation
Authors: Sharma Shaveta , Garg Anuradha , Dhanda Rakesh S. , Kaul Deepak 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe oncogenic potential of Apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide‐like 3G (APOBEC3G) was recently appreciated by the finding that revealed its ability to downregulate Kruppel‐like factor 4 (KLF4) gene translation through its affinity for 3′UTR of KLF4 mRNA. Keeping in view the fact that KLF4 is known to repress apoptosis antagonizing transcription factor (AATF) gene expression, the present study employed stem cells as archetype model to explore the effect of APOBEC3G over‐expression upon AATF gene expression within these cells as well as on the genes involved in oncogenic transformation. Such a study revealed that APOBEC3G had the ability to bind AATF mRNA within its third exon to facilitate the generation of truncated 23 kDa AATF translation product which, in turn, had the inherent capacity to be the crucial mediator of APOBEC3G induced oncogenic transformation within such cells.
Selectivity Trends in Olefin Epoxidations Catalyzed by (NNNN)Manganese(+II) Complexes using Trifluoroethanol as the Solvent
Authors: Lorenz Samuel , Plietker Bernd 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe epoxidation of olefins is certainly one of the most important oxygen‐transfer reactions in organic synthesis. The development of both regio‐ and stereoselective protocols and the search for catalysts that combine high selectivity with abundancy is a topic of current interest. Herein, we report an unexpected odd–even‐type selectivity trend in the diastereoselective epoxidation of unfunctionalized aliphatic alkenes by using a non‐hem‐type Mn catalyst in trifluoroethanol as the solvent.
Theoretical Investigation on the Reaction Pathways of the Oxygen Reduction Reaction on Graphene Codoped with Manganese and Phosphorus as a Potential Nonprecious Metal Catalyst
Authors: Bai Xiaowan , Zhao Erjun , Li Kai , Wang Ying , Jiao Menggai , He Feng , Sun Xiaoxu , Yang Jucai , Wu Zhijian 
Published: September 2016

AbstractNonprecious‐metal‐doped graphene catalysts have been proposed recently as promising candidates to substitute Pt catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in fuel cells. We codoped Mn and P in divacancy graphene (MnPx, x=1–4) and we studied the stability and the catalytic activity for the ORR. The calculated formation energy indicates that MnP2‐doped divacancy graphene is energetically the most stable. The MnP2 moiety and its adjacent six C atoms are catalytically active sites for the ORR. The kinetically most favorable pathway is the hydrogenation of OOH to form O+H2O, which is a four‐electron process. The rate‐determining step is the second H2O formation, which has an energy barrier of 0.91 eV. The free energy diagrams show that for OOH hydrogenation into O+H2O all of the elementary steps are downhill at potentials of 0.0–0.67 V except for the second H2O formation.
Micro‐/Mesoporous Platinum–SiCN Nanocomposite Catalysts (Pt@SiCN): From Design to Catalytic Applications
Authors: Sachau Sabrina M. , Zaheer Muhammad , Lale Abhijeet , Friedrich Martin , Denner Christine E. , Demirci Umit B. , Bernard Samuel , Motz Günter , Kempe Rhett 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe synthesis, characterization, and catalytic studies of platinum (Pt) nanoparticles (NPs) supported by a polymer‐derived SiCN matrix are reported. In the first step and under mild conditions (110 °C), a block copolymer (BCP) based on hydroxyl‐group‐terminated linear polyethylene (PEOH) and a commercially available polysilazane (PSZ: HTT 1800) were synthesized. Afterwards, the BCP was microphase separated, modified with an aminopyridinato (Ap) ligand‐stabilized Pt complex, and cross‐linked. The green bodies thus obtained were pyrolyzed at 1000 °C under nitrogen and provided porous Pt@SiCN nanocomposite via decomposition of the PEOH block while Pt nanoparticles grew in situ within the SiCN matrix. Powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD) studies confirmed the presence of the cubic Pt phase in the amorphous SiCN matrix whereas transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements revealed homogeneously distributed Pt nanoparticles in the size of 0.9 to 1.9 nm. N2 sorption studies indicated the presence of micro‐ and mesopores. Pt@SiCN appears to be an active and robust catalyst in the hydrolysis of sodium borohydride under harsh conditions.
Effect ­­­­­of ultrasonic irradiation treatment on rheological behaviour of extra heavy crude oil: A solution method for transportation improvement
Authors: Rahimi Mohammad Amin , Ramazani S.A Ahmad , Alijani Alijanvand Hossein , Ghazanfari Mohammad Hossein , Ghanavati Mahdi 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe highly viscous property of heavy oil often causes problems in its transportation in pipelines. Mixing heavy oil with light oil as well as ultrasound treatment are viable solutions to this problem. In this study, extra heavy crude oil samples were first diluted with 0, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.15 mL/mL (0, 5, 10, and 15 vol%) of a light crude oil; then the mixture was irradiated by ultrasonic waves for 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 min; finally the viscous shear functions of all mixtures was measured at different values of shear rate at different temperature levels. The results revealed that the minimum viscosity of the diluted extra heavy crude oil samples was obtained at 10 min of ultrasonic irradiation. Moreover, the viscosity reduction rate in relation to temperature decreases as temperature increases. In other words, the maximum viscosity reduction rate occurred at 0.05 mL/mL (5 vol%) of light crude oil. Using the experimental data, the parameters of common rheological models were obtained and a new modified Power Law model was presented to calculate the effect of shear rate and temperature simultaneously.
Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Low‐Energy Penning Ionization of NH3, CH3F, and CHF3
Authors: Jachymski Krzysztof , Hapka Michał , Jankunas Justin , Osterwalder Andreas 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe present results from a joint theoretical and experimental study of the low‐energy Penning ionization of NH3, CH3F, and CHF3 by metastable Ne(3P2) and He(3S1) atoms. We combine the merged neutral beams experiment, covering a range of collision energies between 0.1–150 K, with multichannel quantum defect theory calculations based on interaction potentials from symmetry‐adapted perturbation theory. The three symmetric tops provide several distinct properties that make them interesting targets for cold chemistry studies. Of these three, only NH3 has a lone electron pair that leads to a strong binding with rare gas atoms. The CHF3 molecule has much smaller rotational constants than both NH3 and CH3F, and thus has a considerably higher density of rotational states already at low energies. Their presence opens inelastic collision channels that reduce the observed reactive cross section. We show that this effect dominates the total rate coefficient in heavy molecules already at relatively low collision energies but is much less prominent for lighter molecules
Emotional eating and in vivo norepinephrine transporter availability in obesity: A [11C]MRB PET pilot study
Authors: Bresch A. , Rullmann M. , Luthardt J. , Becker G.A. , Reissig G. , Patt M. , Ding Y.‐S. , Hilbert A. , Sabri O. , Hesse S. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTObjectiveEmotional eating (EE) has been linked to norepinephrine dysfunction. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the relationship between EE and norepinephrine transporter (NET) availability.MethodTen severely obese individuals (body mass index (BMI) 42.4 ± 3.7 kg/m2) and ten non‐obese, healthy controls (BMI 23.9 ± 2.5 kg/m2) matched for age and sex were studied using (S,S)‐[11C]‐O‐methylreboxetine ([11C]MRB) positron emission tomography (PET). Kinetic modeling of regional tissue time activity curves was performed using multilinear reference tissue model 2 (MRTM2, with the occipital cortex as a reference region) to estimate binding potential based on individual PET‐MR coregistration. To test for associations of EE and NET availability, participants completed the EE subscale of the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire before scanning.ResultsObese individuals and non‐obese, healthy controls did not significantly differ regarding EE scores and regional NET availability. For obese individuals only, correlative data analyses pointed to a sinoidal distribution pattern as a higher degree of EE related to lower NET availability in the locus coeruleus and to higher NET availability in the left thalamus.DiscussionThese results indicate that central in vivo NET availability is altered in EE of individuals with obesity. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.(Int J Eat Disord 2017; 50:152–156)
Field estimates of parentage reveal sexually antagonistic selection on body size in a population of Anolis lizards
Authors: Duryea Mary C. , Bergeron Patrick , Clare‐Salzler Zachary , Calsbeek Ryan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractSexual dimorphism evolves when selection favors different phenotypic optima between the sexes. Such sexually antagonistic selection creates intralocus sexual conflict when traits are genetically correlated between the sexes and have sex‐specific optima. Brown anoles are highly sexually dimorphic: Males are on average 30% longer than females and 150% heavier in our study population. Viability selection on body size is known to be sexually antagonistic, and directional selection favors large male size whereas stabilizing selection constrains females to remain small. We build on previous studies of viability selection by measuring sexually antagonistic selection using reproductive components of fitness over three generations in a natural population of brown anoles. We estimated the number of offspring produced by an individual that survived to sexual maturity (termed RSV), a measure of individual fitness that includes aspects of both individual reproductive success and offspring survival. We found directional selection on male body size, consistent with previous studies of viability selection. However, selection on female body size varied among years, and included periods of positive directional selection, quadratic stabilizing selection, and no selection. Selection acts differently in the sexes based on both survival and reproduction and sexual conflict appears to be a persistent force in this species.
Measuring partner choice in plant–pollinator networks: using null models to separate rewiring and fidelity from chance
Authors: MacLeod Molly , Genung Mark A. , Ascher John S. , Winfree Rachael 
Published: September 2016

AbstractRecent studies of mutualistic networks show that interactions between partners change across years. Both biological mechanisms and chance could drive these patterns, but the relative importance of these factors has not been separated. We established a field experiment consisting of 102 monospecific plots of 17 native plant species, from which we collected 6713 specimens of 52 bee species over four years. We used these data and a null model to determine whether bee species' foraging choices varied more or less over time beyond the variation expected by chance. Thus we provide the first quantitative definition of rewiring and fidelity as these terms are used in the literature on interaction networks. All 52 bee species varied in plant partner choice across years, but for 27 species this variation was indistinguishable from random partner choice. Another 11 species showed rewiring, varying more across years than expected by chance, while 14 species showed fidelity, indicating that they both prefer certain plant species and are consistent in those preferences across years. Our study shows that rewiring and fidelity both exist in mutualist networks, but that once sampling effects have been accounted for, they are less common than has been reported in the ecological literature.
National trends in heart failure hospitalization rates in Slovenia 2004–2012
Authors: Omersa Daniel , Farkas Jerneja , Erzen Ivan , Lainscak Mitja 
Published: September 2016

AimsHeart failure (HF) hospitalization rates are decreasing in western Europe, but little is known about trends in central and east European countries. We analysed the Slovenian national hospitalization database to determine the burden of HF hospitalization.Methods and resultsThe Slovenian National Hospital Discharge Registry was searched for HF hospitalizations between 2004 and 2012 in patients aged ≥20 years. A total of 55 531 main HF hospitalizations (43 636 first HF hospitalizations) in 34 406 patients (median age 78 years, 55% female) were recorded. The most common co‐morbidities were arterial hypertension (54.3%), atrial fibrillation (40.6%), diabetes mellitus (24.5%), and ischaemic heart disease (21.9%). The number of age‐standardized main and first HF hospitalizations per 100 000 population decreased from 249 to 232 (7.1%, P = 0.002) and from 467 to 435 (6.8%, P = 0.074), respectively. Crude main and first HF hospitalization rates increased from 249 to 298 (19.8%, P < 0.001) and from 530 to 558 (5.4%, P = 0.100), respectively. After a first HF hospitalization, any HF readmission rates within 30, 60, and 90 days and at 1 year were 11.7, 17.2, 20.9, and 37.5%, respectively. Hospitalization trends were similar in both sexes and across all age groups. In a multivariate log binomial regression model, myocardial infarction, chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, male sex, and year of admission were independently associated with higher HF readmission rates (P < 0.01 for all).ConclusionsIn Slovenia, standardized HF hospitalization rates have decreased but the crude HF hospitalization burden has increased. Readmissions were associated with established cardiovascular risk factors.
Study on the surface interaction of Furan with X12Y12 (X = B, Al, and Y = N, P) semiconductors: DFT calculations
Authors: Shokuhi Rad Ali 
Published: September 2016

AbstractChemisorption of Furan on the surfaces of four different semiconductors (Al12N12, Al12P12, B12N12, and B12P12) has been investigated, and the results have been compared using density functional theory in terms of energetic, geometric, and electronic property. Two functionals, dispersion corrected (wB97XD) and non‐corrected (B3LYP), have been used for calculation of binding energy. The results show that chemisorption of Furan on these semiconductors is in the order of Al12N12 (−98.4 kJ mol−1) > Al12P12 (−77.5 kJ mol−1) > B12N12 (−46.6 kJ mol−1) > B12P12 (−18.3 kJ mol−1), while the order of change in the HOMO–LUMO gap of semiconductors upon adsorption of Furan is found as B12N12 > B12P12 > Al12P12 > Al12N12, which implies to the higher changes in the electronic structure of B‐containing clusters (B12N12 and B12P12) compared to Al‐containing clusters (Al12N12 and Al12P12). The NBO charge analyses reveal maximum and minimum charge transfer upon adsorption of Furan on B12N12 and B12P12, respectively. Based on the results, it was found that Al12N12 and B12N12 as the most appropriate adsorbent and the most sensitive sensor for Furan, respectively.