bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The utility of relationships in the creation and maintenance of an event portfolio
Authors: Kelly Donna M. , Fairley Sheranne 
Published: January 2018

Purpose
Event portfolios promote synergies among events and stakeholders within a destination in order to maximise resources. The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of relationships in the creation and maintenance of an event portfolio using the four stages of Parvatiyar and Sheth’s (2000) process model of relationship marketing: formation, management and governance, performance evaluation, and evolution.

Design/methodology/approach
Nine semi-structured interviews were conducted with tourism and government stakeholders involved in the creation and maintenance of an event portfolio within a single destination.

Findings
The destination outlined clear strategic goals through an event strategy. An Events Board was established to bring together key stakeholders from tourism, events, and government to oversee the development of an event portfolio. The Events Board gave advice to relevant tourism and government stakeholders on which events they should provide funding. Developing relationships was not a stated objective, but the Events Board realised the importance of relationships to create and maintain the destination’s event portfolio. Long-term funding contracts were used as a mechanism to establish relationships and were an impetus for interaction. Relationships were also maintained through dedicated staff who managed the relationships between the destination stakeholders and the events.

Practical implications
Understanding factors that contribute to the successful creation and maintenance of event portfolios can inform destination stakeholders who are responsible for generating tourism through events.

Originality/value
Limited research has examined the creation and maintenance of event portfolios. This study provides insight into the central importance of relationships in creating and maintaining an event portfolio.
Coloured waterborne aluminium pigments prepared by iron oxides encapsulation method using FeSO4 and FeCl3 as iron source
Authors: Ma Zhiling , Wen Yajing , Zhang Chunyan , Wang Jing 
Published: January 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of encapsulation pH and iron source on the anchorage mode and performance of iron oxide-encapsulated aluminium pigments.

Design/methodology/approach
The coloured waterborne aluminium pigments were prepared at pH 5-7.5 by using FeSO4 and FeCl3 as iron source. The anchorage mode of iron oxides on aluminium was characterized using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Furthermore, the pigmentary performance was characterized through anticorrosion test and multi-angle spectroscopy.

Findings
Diaspore and boehmite could form from H2O2 oxidizing aluminium. Both low pH and FeSO4 systems are beneficial for diaspore, inducing green rust anchor on the aluminium to form goethite. Either in FeSO4 or FeCl3 system, slightly high pH is beneficial for the formation of boehmite, which occurred together with ferrihydrite to form denser coating with yellowness and excellent anticorrosion property. At pH above 7, the formation of dendritic iron oxide is detrimental to the anticorrosion property and the glossiness.

Research limitations/implications
Only FeSO4·7H2O and FeCl3·6H2O as iron sources were explored.

Practical implications
The investigation results provide theoretical basis to obtain excellent chromatic waterborne aluminium pigments.

Originality/value
The method for investigation of encapsulation mechanism by surveying the structure of iron oxides on aluminium, which varies with the pH of the system and iron sources, is novel.
Anatomy of the upper respiratory tract in domestic birds, with emphasis on vocalization
Authors: Casteleyn C. , Cornillie P. , Van Cruchten S. , Van den Broeck W. , Van Ginneken C. , Simoens P. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryThis work reviews the anatomy of the upper respiratory tract in domestic birds including the chicken and pigeon. Non‐exhaustive additional information on other bird species, illustrating the extraordinary diversity in the biological class Aves, can be found in several footnotes. The described anatomical structures are functionally considered in view of avian sound production. In particular, the Syrinx is invaluable. Its most important structures are the Labia and the lateral and medial tympaniform membranes in non‐songbirds and songbirds, respectively. These structures produce sound by vibrating during expiration and eventually inspiration.
In Vitro Comparison of Two Neonatal ECMO Circuits Using a Roller or Centrifugal Pump With Three Different In‐Line Hemoconcentrators for Maintaining Hemodynamic Energy Delivery to the Patient
Authors: Force Madison , Moroi Morgan , Wang Shigang , Palanzo David A. , Kunselman Allen R. , Ündar Akif 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe objective of this study was to compare three different hemoconcentrators (Hemocor HPH 400, Mini, and Junior) with two different neonatal ECMO circuits using a roller or a centrifugal pump at different pseudo‐patient pressures and flow rates in terms of hemodynamic properties. This evidence‐based research is necessary to optimize the ECMO circuitry for neonates. The circuits used a 300‐mL soft‐shell reservoir as a pseudo‐patient approximating the blood volume of a 3 kg neonate, two blood pumps, and a Quadrox‐iD Pediatric oxygenator with three different in‐line hemoconcentrators (Hemocor HPH 400, Mini, and Junior). One circuit used a Maquet H20 roller pump and another circuit used a Maquet RotaFlow centrifugal pump. The circuit was primed with lactated Ringer's solution followed by heparinized packed red blood cells with a hematocrit of 40%. The pseudo‐patient's pressure was manually maintained at 40, 60, or 80 mm Hg and the flow rate was maintained at 200, 400, or 600 mL/min with a circuit temperature of 36°C. Pressure and flow data was recorded using a custom‐made data acquisition device. Mean pressures, diverted blood flow, pressure drops, and total hemodynamic energy (THE) were calculated for each experimental condition. The roller pump and centrifugal pump performed similarly for all hemodynamic properties with all experimental conditions. The Hemocor HPH Junior hemoconcentrator added the highest resistance to the circuit. The Hemocor HPH Junior provided the highest circuit pressures, lowest diverted blood flow, highest pressure drop across the circuit, and highest THE generated by the pump. The Hemocor HPH 400 added the least resistance to the circuit, providing the lowest circuit pressures, more diverted flow, lowest pressure drop, and the lowest THE generated by the pump. However, the THE delivered to the patient was the same for the three hemoconcentrators. While the three hemoconcentrators performed differently in terms of hemodynamic properties throughout the circuit, the THE transmitted to the patient was similar for all three hemoconcentrators due to the consistent pseudo‐patient's pressure that was manually maintained for each trial. While the THE delivered to the patient indicates similar perfusion for these patients with any of the three hemoconcentrators, the differences in added resistance to the circuit may impact the decision of which hemoconcentrator is used. There was no clinically significant difference between the two circuits with the roller versus centrifugal pump in terms of hemodynamic properties in this study. Further in vivo research is warranted to confirm our findings.
DECLARE‐TIMI 58: Participants’ baseline characteristics
Authors: Raz Itamar , Mosenzon Ofri , Bonaca Marc P. , Cahn Avivit , Kato Eri T. , Silverman Michael G. , Bhatt Deepak L. , Leiter Lawrence A. , McGuire Darren K. , Wilding John P. H. , Gause‐Nilsson Ingrid A. M. , Langkilde Anna M. , Johansson Peter A. , Sabatine Marc S. , Wiviott Stephen D. 
Published: January 2018

AimTo describe the baseline characteristics of participants randomized in the Dapagliflozin Effect on CardiovascuLAR Events (DECLARE‐TIMI 58) trial, the pivotal study conducted to assess cardiovascular (CV) outcomes with dapagliflozin.MethodsThe DECLARE‐TIMI 58 trial will analyse 17 160 patients with type 2 diabetes randomized to treatment with dapagliflozin (10 mg/d) or matching placebo. We analysed their baseline characteristics.ResultsThe participants’ mean ± SD age was 63.8 ± 6.8 years, 62.6% were male, and their mean ± SD diabetes duration was 11.8 ± 7.8 years, glycated haemoglobin 8.3% ± 1.2% (67 mmol/mol ± 9.7 mmol/mol) and body mass index 32.1 ± 6.0 kg/m2. Randomization included 6971 (40.6%) patients with atherosclerotic CV disease (CVD), and 10 189 (59.4%) patients with multiple risk factors (MRF) for CVD (defined as men age ≥ 55 years or women ≥60 years, with at least one of dyslipidaemia, hypertension or smoking). Patients with CVD compared with patients with MRF were younger (62.5 ± 8.1 vs 64.7 ± 5.6 years), more frequently male (72.1% vs 56.1%), less often used metformin (74.6% vs 81.2%), more often used insulin (44.2% vs 36.4%), and more frequently used statins, aspirin, clopidogrel and β‐blockers (82.2%, 71.1%, 24.7% and 66.6% vs 63.7%, 39.1%, 1.5% and 32.3%, respectively).ConclusionThe DECLARE‐TIMI 58 trial is expected to provide conclusive data on the effect of treatment with dapagliflozin in addition to standard of care, on CV outcomes in a broad patient population with type 2 diabetes and CVD or MRF for CVD.
Safety and efficacy of once‐weekly semaglutide vs additional oral antidiabetic drugs in Japanese people with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes: A randomized trial
Authors: Kaku Kohei , Yamada Yuichiro , Watada Hirotaka , Abiko Atsuko , Nishida Tomoyuki , Zacho Jeppe , Kiyosue Arihiro 
Published: January 2018

AimTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of once‐weekly subcutaneous semaglutide as monotherapy or combined with an oral antidiabetic drug (OAD) vs an additional OAD added to background therapy in Japanese people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) inadequately controlled on diet/exercise or OAD monotherapy.MethodsIn this phase III, open‐label trial, adults with T2D were randomized 2:2:1 to semaglutide 0.5 mg or 1.0 mg, or one additional OAD (a dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor, biguanide, sulphonylurea, glinide, α‐glucosidase inhibitor or thiazolidinedione) with a different mode of action from that of background therapy. The primary endpoint was number of adverse events (AEs) after 56 weeks.ResultsBaseline characteristics were balanced between treatment arms (601 randomized). More AEs were reported in the semaglutide 0.5 mg (86.2%) and 1.0 mg (88.0%) groups than in the additional OAD group (71.7%). These were typically mild/moderate. Gastrointestinal AEs were most frequent with semaglutide, which diminished over time. The mean glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) concentration (baseline 8.1%) was significantly reduced with semaglutide 0.5 mg and 1.0 mg vs additional OAD (1.7% and 2.0% vs 0.7%, respectively; estimated treatment difference [ETD] vs additional OAD −1.08% and −1.37%, both P < .0001). Body weight (baseline 71.5 kg) was reduced by 1.4 kg and 3.2 kg with semaglutide 0.5 mg and 1.0 mg, vs a 0.4‐kg increase with additional OAD (ETD −1.84 kg and −3.59 kg; both P < .0001). For semaglutide‐treated participants, >80% achieved an HbA1c concentration <7.0% (Japanese Diabetes Society target).ConclusionsSemaglutide was well tolerated, with no new safety issues identified. Semaglutide treatment significantly reduced HbA1c and body weight vs additional OAD treatment in Japanese people with T2D.
Treating hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhotic patients admitted to ICU with sodium phenylbutyrate: a preliminary study
Authors: Weiss Nicolas , Tripon Simona , Lodey Marion , Guiller Elsa , Junot Helga , Monneret Denis , Mayaux Julien , Brisson Hélène , Mallet Maxime , Rudler Marika , Imbert‐Bismut Françoise , Thabut Dominique ,   the Brain‐Liver Pitié‐Salpêtrière Study Group (BLIPS)
Published: January 2018

AbstractHepatic encephalopathy (HE) influences short‐term and long‐term prognoses. Recently, glycerol phenylbutyrate (PB), that lowers ammonia by providing an alternate pathway to urea for waste nitrogen excretion, has shown that it was effective in preventing the occurrence of HE in RCT. The aim was to assess the benefits of sodium PB in cirrhotic patients admitted to ICU for overt HE, in terms of ammonia levels decrease, neurological improvement, and survival. Cirrhotic patients who presented with overt HE, ammonia levels >100 μmol/L, and did not display any contra‐indication were included. Sodium PB was administered at 200 mg/kg/day. Control group included historical controls treated by standard therapy, matched for age, sex, MELD score, and severity of HE. Eighteen patients were included and treated with sodium PB (age: 59 [45–68], male gender: 15 [83%], Child–Pugh B: 8 [44%], Child–Pugh C: 10 [56%], and MELD score: 16 [13–23]). Ammonia levels significantly decreased in the PB as compared to the control group from inclusion to 12 h and from inclusion to 48 h (P = 0.0201 and P = 0.0230, respectively). The proportion of patients displaying neurological improvement was only higher in the PB‐treated group as compared to controls at ICU discharge (15 [83%] vs. 9 [50%], P = 0.0339). ICU discharge survival was significantly higher in patients treated with PB (17 [94%] vs. 9 [50%], P = 0.0017). In cirrhotic patients with overt HE, sodium PB could be effective in reducing ammonia levels and might be effective in improving neurological status and ICU discharge survival. More extensive data, especially a RCT, are mandatory.
Prokaryotes in the WAIS Divide ice core reflect source and transport changes between Last Glacial Maximum and the early Holocene
Authors: Santibáñez Pamela A. , Maselli Olivia J. , Greenwood Mark C. , Grieman Mackenzie M. , Saltzman Eric S. , McConnell Joseph R. , Priscu John C. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWe present the first long‐term, highly resolved prokaryotic cell concentration record obtained from a polar ice core. This record, obtained from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide (WD) ice core, spanned from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) to the early Holocene (EH) and showed distinct fluctuations in prokaryotic cell concentration coincident with major climatic states. The time series also revealed a ~1,500‐year periodicity with greater amplitude during the Last Deglaciation (LDG). Higher prokaryotic cell concentration and lower variability occurred during the LGM and EH than during the LDG. A sevenfold decrease in prokaryotic cell concentration coincided with the LGM/LDG transition and the global 19 ka meltwater pulse. Statistical models revealed significant relationships between the prokaryotic cell record and tracers of both marine (sea‐salt sodium [ssNa]) and burning emissions (black carbon [BC]). Collectively, these models, together with visual observations and methanosulfidic acid (MSA) measurements, indicated that the temporal variability in concentration of airborne prokaryotic cells reflected changes in marine/sea‐ice regional environments of the WAIS. Our data revealed that variations in source and transport were the most likely processes producing the significant temporal variations in WD prokaryotic cell concentrations. This record provided strong evidence that airborne prokaryotic cell deposition differed during the LGM, LDG, and EH, and that these changes in cell densities could be explained by different environmental conditions during each of these climatic periods. Our observations provide the first ice‐core time series evidence for a prokaryotic response to long‐term climatic and environmental processes.
Forward view: advancing health library and knowledge services in England
Authors: Lacey Bryant Sue , Bingham Helen , Carlyle Ruth , Day Alison , Ferguson Linda , Stewart David 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis article is the fourth in a series on New Directions. The National Health Service is under pressure, challenged to meet the needs of an ageing population, whilst striving to improve standards and ensure decision making is underpinned by evidence. Health Education England is steering a new course for NHS library and knowledge services in England to ensure access to knowledge and evidence for all decision makers. Knowledge for Healthcare calls for service transformation, role redesign, greater coordination and collaboration.To meet user expectations, health libraries must achieve sustainable, affordable access to digital content. Traditional tasks will progressively become mechanised. Alongside supporting learners, NHS librarians and knowledge specialists will take a greater role as knowledge brokers, delivering business critical services. They will support the NHS workforce to signpost patients and the public to high‐quality information. There is a need for greater efficiency and effectiveness through greater co‐operation and service mergers. Evaluation of service quality will focus more on outcomes, less on counting. These changes require an agile workforce, fit for the future.There is a bright future in which librarians’ expertise is used to mobilise evidence, manage and share knowledge, support patients, carers and families, optimise technology and social media and provide a keystone for improved patient care and safety.
Aerial canopy temperature differences between fast‐ and slow‐wilting soya bean genotypes
Authors: Bai H. , Purcell L. C. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDrought stress limits crop growth and yield in soya bean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.), but there are relatively few tools available to assess the ability of different genotypes to tolerate drought. Aerial infrared image analysis was evaluated as a potential tool for identifying drought tolerance in soya bean. Drought effects were evaluated from late vegetative to mid‐reproductive stages of soya bean development in an experiment with ten genotypes including five slow‐ and five fast‐wilting genotypes that were from a population derived from Benning×PI416937. There were two deficit irrigation levels for 2 years and one deficit irrigation level for the third year along with a fully irrigated control level. When the canopy was completely closed, relative canopy temperature was determined using an infrared camera taken from an aerial platform 50–75 m above the experiment. As water availability decreased, the relative canopy temperature generally increased. Moreover, slow‐wilting soya bean genotypes generally had lower canopy temperature compared to fast‐wilting genotypes, and grain yield was generally positively associated with cool canopy temperatures. The results indicate that the determination of canopy temperature is a promising tool for rapid characterization of drought‐related traits in soya bean.
Changing northern vegetation conditions are influencing barren ground caribou (Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus) post‐calving movement rates
Authors: Rickbeil Gregory J. M. , Hermosilla Txomin , Coops Nicholas C. , White Joanne C. , Wulder Michael A. , Lantz Trevor C. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAimTo quantify changes in vegetation productivity over the past three decades across five barren ground caribou (Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus) herd ranges and assess how these changes are influencing caribou movement rates.LocationNorthwest Territories and Nunavut, Canada.MethodsAs an indicator of vegetation productivity, the enhanced vegetation index (EVI) was calculated on newly developed cloud‐free, gap‐free, Landsat surface reflectance image composites representing 1984–2012. Changes in EVI were assessed on a pixel basis using Theil‐Sen's nonparametric regression and compared across herd ranges and land cover types using generalized least squares regression. Animal movement velocity was calculated from caribou telemetry data and generalized additive mixed models were used to link movement rates with vegetation productivity during the post‐calving phase of the year (July and August).ResultsVegetation productivity increased across the five caribou herd ranges examined. The largest productivity increase occurred over the ranges of the most western herds, with the largest observed changes in grassland or shrub habitats. Caribou tended to move more slowly through tundra habitats with elevated levels of productivity to a point, while grasslands movement rates decreased linearly with increasing productivity. Movement velocities peaked at intermediate productivity levels in shrub habitats.Main conclusionsOver the three decades of collected data, barren ground caribou habitats have become more productive, which is consistent with other studies that have documented increases in Arctic vegetation productivity. The more western herds, whose ranges are also closest to the Arctic Ocean, experienced the largest increases in productivity. Finally, we demonstrate that barren ground caribou movement patterns will likely change as a result of changing vegetation productivity in complex manners depending on herd, habitat type and the magnitude of change in vegetation productivity.
Can fortified foods and snacks increase the energy and protein intake of hospitalised older patients? A systematic review
Authors: Mills S. R. , Wilcox C. R. , Ibrahim K. , Roberts H. C. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundUndernutrition affects over 44% of hospitalised older people, who often dislike oral nutritional supplements (ONS). This review summarises the evidence for an alternative strategy, using energy and protein dense meals (via fortification) or snacks (supplementation) to increase the dietary energy and protein intake of older inpatients.MethodsA search was conducted through PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL and the Cochrane database of systematic reviews (May 1996 to May 2016) that used fortification or supplementation to increase the energy or protein intake of patients (mean age ≥60 years) in hospitals or rehabilitation centres.ResultsTen articles (546 patients, mean age 60–83 years) were identified. Compared with usual nutritional care, six studies using either energy or protein based fortification and supplementation significantly increased intake of energy (250–450 kcal day−1) or protein (12–16 g day−1). Two studies enriched menus with both energy and protein, and significantly increased both energy (698 kcal day−1 and 21 kJ kg−1) and protein (16 g and 0.2 g kg−1) intake compared to usual care. ONS was similar to supplementation in one study but superior to fortification in another. Four studies reported good acceptability of enriched products and two studies that found they were cost‐effective.ConclusionsCompared with usual nutritional care, energy‐ and protein‐based fortification and supplementation could be employed as an effective, well‐tolerated and cost‐effective intervention to improve dietary intake amongst older inpatients. This strategy may be particularly useful for patients with cognitive impairment who struggle with ONS, and clinical trials are required to compare these approaches and establish their impact on functional outcomes.