bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smoking, Binge Drinking, and Drug Use Among Childhood Cancer Survivors: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Marjerrison Stacey , Hendershot Eleanor , Empringham Brianna , Nathan Paul C. 
Published: March 2016

IntroductionChildhood cancer survivors are at risk for late effects of therapy, some of which may be exacerbated by smoking, alcohol, or drug use. We undertook a meta‐analysis of the literature to determine whether survivors engage in risk‐taking behaviors at rates different from their peers/siblings.MethodsStudies comparing current engagement in risk‐taking behaviors between cancer survivors and siblings or matched peers were identified in MEDLINE (1946‐), EMBASE (1947‐), PsychINFO (1806‐), and the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register. Two reviewers assessed publications for inclusion and extracted data independently. Studies were combined using inverse variance weighting to determine odds ratios (OR) and prevalence rates of risk‐taking behaviors in survivors compared to controls.ResultsFourteen of 1,713 studies satisfied inclusion criteria. Twelve assessed smoking, six binge drinking, and seven drug use. Among survivors, 22% (95% confidence interval 0.19, 0.26) smoked, 20% (0.08, 0.51) were binge drinkers, and 15% (0.10, 0.23) used drugs. Survivors were less likely than siblings to smoke (OR 0.68 [0.49, 0.96]) or binge drink (OR 0.77 [0.68, 0.88]), but similarly likely to use drugs (OR 0.33 [0.03, 3.28]). Survivors were less likely than matched peers to smoke (OR 0.54 [0.42, 0.70]) or use drugs (OR 0.57 [0.40, 0.82]), but equally likely to binge drink (OR 0.97 [0.38, 2.49]).ConclusionsChildhood cancer survivors engage in similar or lower rates of risk taking than their siblings/peers. Future studies should identify survivors most likely to benefit from focused interventions, and determine the impact of risk‐taking behaviors on the risk for late effects of cancer therapy.
Drug development and licensing in diabetes
Authors: Llano Andrea , Fisher Miles , McKay Gerry 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe drug development process is long and expensive. Regulatory approval is granted following assessment of efficacy and safety, and drugs intended for use in the treatment of type 2 diabetes are also required to demonstrate cardiovascular safety. Once marketing approval has been granted in the UK, an additional step is required prior to a drug's use: cost‐benefit assessment by the Scottish Medicines Consortium and by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Empagliflozin, an SGLT‐2 inhibitor, has recently been granted marketing authorisation and approval for use in the UK. It will be used to illustrate the processes of drug development and licensing. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons.
Preferential alkali metal adduct formation by cis geometrical isomers of dicaffeoylquinic acids allows for efficient discrimination from their trans isomers during ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Makola Mpho M. , Steenkamp Paul. A , Dubery Ian A. , Kabanda Mwadham M. , Madala Ntakadzeni E. 
Published: March 2016

RationaleCaffeoylquinic acid (CQA) derivatives are a group of structurally diverse phytochemicals that have attracted attention due to their many health benefits. The structural diversity of these molecules is due in part to the presence of regio‐ and geometrical isomerism. This structural diversity hampers the accurate annotation of these molecules in plant extracts. Mass spectrometry (MS) is successfully used to differentiate between the different regioisomers of the CQA derivatives; however, the accurate discrimination of the geometrical isomers of these molecules has proven to be an elusive task.MethodsUV‐irradiated methanolic solutions of diCQA were analyzed using an ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/QTOFMS) method in negative ionisation mode. An in‐source collision‐induced dissociation (ISCID) method was optimized by varying both the capillary and cone voltages to achieve differential fragmentation patterns between UV‐generated geometrical isomers of the diCQAs during MS analyses.ResultsChanges in the capillary voltage did not cause a significant difference to the fragmentation patterns of the four geometrical isomers, while changes in the cone voltage resulted in significant differences in the fragmentation patterns. The results also show, for the first time, the preferential formation of alkali metal (Li+, Na+ and K+) adducts by the cis geometrical isomers of diCQAs, compared to their trans counterparts.ConclusionsOptimized QTOFMS‐based methods may be used to differentiate the geometrical isomers of diCQAs. Finally, additives such as metal salts to induce adduct formation can be applied as an alternative method to differentiate closely related isomers which could have been difficult to differentiate under normal MS settings. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mass fingerprint analysis of spider mites (Acari) by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry for rapid discrimination
Authors: Kajiwara Hideyuki , Hinomoto Norihide , Gotoh Tetsuo 
Published: March 2016

RationaleDiscrimination of spider mite species is still performed using morphological information, although DNA and other biological approaches have been attempted for identification purposes. These techniques need much time, are expensive, and require specialist staff. As an alternative, matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOFMS) analysis is applied for rapid discrimination of spider mite species.MethodsSpider mites were analyzed using MALDI‐TOFMS after extraction with 70% formic acid and acetonitrile. A single spider mite was also analyzed directly on double‐sided carbon tape. A dendrogram was compiled from the MS data.ResultsEvolutionarily close and morphologically similar spider mites, the Kanzawa (Tetranychus kanzawai) and the two‐spotted (T. urticae) spider mites, as well as three other related species of spider mites, could be discriminated by mass fingerprints. Although female adults were mainly used in this report, male adults and nymphs showed almost the same mass fingerprints and were not considered to affect discrimination capability. A single spider mite on double‐sided carbon tape was analyzed directly by MALDI‐TOFMS.ConclusionsSpider mites could be analyzed directly by MALDI‐TOFMS, with evolutionarily and morphologically closely related spider mites showing different mass fingerprints, allowing for their identification. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recombinant acetylated trypsin demonstrates superior stability and higher activity than commercial products in quantitative proteomics studies
Authors: Wu Feilin , Zhao Mingzhi , Zhang Yao , Su Na , Xiong Zhi , Xu Ping 
Published: March 2016

RationaleTrypsin is an important digestive enzyme in peptide sample preparation for proteomics. It digests proteins at the C‐terminal of Arg or Lys residues. The majority of commercial products are obtained from animal sources. In a previous study, we reported the production process for recombinant trypsin (r‐trypsin) and acetylated trypsin (r‐Ac‐trypsin). In this paper, we want to evaluate whether the r‐trypsin and r‐Ac‐trypsin are suitable for proteomics research.MethodsThe trypsins used in this research were first normalized to the same concentration and used for further evaluation. The stability and buffer compatibility (2M urea, 0.1% SDS and 10% acetonitrile) were compared and visualized by sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE). The digestion efficiency and specificity were compared based on a simple protein substrate, human serum albumin (HSA) and a complex proteomic sample, yeast lysate. The acquisition of proteomics data was achieved by ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) connected to an LTQ Orbitrap Velos mass spectrometer.Resultsr‐Ac‐trypsin demonstrated similar tolerance to 2 M urea and 10% acetonitrile but weaker 0.1% SDS tolerance than commercial trypsins. Based on simple protein sample HSA, the activity and specificity of r‐Ac‐trypsin were similar to that of commercial trypsins. However, it demonstrated superior activity and specificity on complicated samples like yeast lysate. More interestingly, the newly developed r‐Ac‐trypsin was more resistant to autolysis, which enabled more complete digestion of proteomic samples.ConclusionsThe r‐Ac‐trypsin described here is a recombinant product. In addition it showed similar or superior properties such as stability activity and specificity to commercial products. It can be used in peptide sample preparation in proteomics studies. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reliable relay‐based broadcasting through formal concept analysis for WSNs
Authors: Moulahi Tarek , Touil Sami , Nasri Salem , Guyennet Hervé 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBroadcasting is a fundamental operation in wireless sensor networks and is used for querying, key distribution, time synchronization, routing, and node localization. Nevertheless, sensors are prone to failures such as software or hardware malfunctioning, exhaustion of energy, and environmental hazards. In this paper, a review of realistic dominated connected set with multipoint relay (RDS‐MPR) is performed. Then, an enhancement of this method, called reliable relay‐based broadcasting (RRB), is proposed. RRB improves RDS‐MPR by considering a trusted index for each node, which is updated during the data gathering process at the sink node. In addition, the use of formal concept analysis in RRB provides the best sorting of nodes according to their weights, which helps to refine selection of relay nodes compared with RDS‐MPR. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is measured through a simulation study using NS‐2. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nitric Oxide (NO) as Antioxidant Protects HT22 Cells and Biomolecules against Fenton's Reagent‐Induced Damages via Multiple Pathways
Authors: Li Xican , Lin Jing , Gao Yaoxiang , Tian Ruimin , Chen Dongfeng 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe role and mechanisms of the interaction of NO with •OH radical remain controversial. To some extent, this is because previous studies have inappropriately used NO donors in place of aqueous NO. The present study thereby uses aqueous solutions of NO to explore the interaction of NO with Fenton's reagent. In the study, NO effectively reduced Fenton's reagent induced damage to hippocampal neuronal cells (HT22 cells), as well as to various biomolecules including DNA, Adenine, Uracil, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine, pepsin (protein), and linoleic acid (lipid). Ion chromatography analysis suggests the generation of NO3− and NO2 −; while HPLC‐ESI‐MS revealed that NO could link to the O atom of a galvinoxyl• via a σ‐bond. NO was also found to bind to Fe2+ and reduce Fe3+→Fe2+. These findings indicate that, (i) NO can effectively protect against cellular and biomolecular damage induced by Fenton's reagent, possibly via multiple pathways, including binding to Fe2+, destroying [FeO]2+ to block the •OH generation, combining with H2O2, bonding with •OH; (ii) Fe3+‐reducing provides a recycle of Fe2+ source; (iii)In the interaction with Fenton's reagent, NO plays an antioxidant role and yields NO3− and NO2 −.
Cardanol benzoxazine‐Sulfur Copolymers for Li‐S batteries: Symbiosis of Sustainability and Performance
Authors: Shukla Swapnil , Ghosh Arnab , Sen Uttam Kumar , Roy Prasun Kumar , Mitra Sagar , Lochab Bimlesh 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA sulfur‐rich copolymer is synthesized via a sustainable, eco‐friendly approach using two major wastes namely, elemental sulfur (industrial waste) and cardanol (agro waste) and its application as cathode active material in Li−S battery. The presence of chemically bound sulfur (90 wt%) utilising cardanol (10 wt%) derivative in the copolymer (S90) showed a reduction in the active material dissolution into the electrolyte. In addition, the organic sulfur units get dispersed into the insoluble/insulating Li2S2/Li2S phase and thus found to suppress their irreversible deposition. Li−S battery based on S90/multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) (10 wt%) exhibited a reversible capacity of 1302 mAh g−1 at 2nd cycle, maintaining a high reversible capacity of 928 mAh g−1 after 70 cycles at a relatively constant coulombic efficiency over 99 % at current rate of 200 mA g−1. At 1000 mA g−1 current rate, the composite cathode delivered a reversible capacity of 697 mAh g−1 at 2nd cycle and retained 75 % of its initial capacity even after 180 cycles.
Iron‐Catalyzed Sonogashira Type Cross‐Coupling Reaction of Aryl Iodides with Terminal Alkynes in Water under Aerobic Conditions
Authors: Sindhu Kallikkakam S. , Thankachan Amrutha P. , Thomas Anns Maria , Anilkumar Gopinathan 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe first protocol for the iron‐catalyzed Sonogashira type coupling of aryl iodides with terminal alkynes using exclusively water as the solvent under aerobic conditions is reported for the synthesis of diaryl alkynes. We found that the catalytic system comprised of FeCl3.6H2O and 1,10‐phenanthroline is an efficient catalyst towards these coupling reactions. This methodology is applicable to a wide range of substituted aryl iodides with heteroaryl and sterically hindered groups and terminal aryl alkynes including heteroaryl alkynes with good yields. The present protocol provides economical and environmental advantages over other traditional methods due to the low cost and ecofriendly nature of the catalyst. Most importantly, the greenest solvent available, water, alone is used as the solvent for the first time for Iron‐catalyzed Sonogashira type coupling reaction underlining the ecofriendly nature of the process.
Bio–based Pentenoic Acids as Intermediates to Higher Value‐Added Mono‐ and Dicarboxylic Acids
Authors: Nobbs James D. , Zainal Nur Zahirah Binte , Tan Jozel , Drent Eite , Stubbs Ludger P. , Li Chuanzhao , Lim Sharon C. Y. , Kumbang Daniel G. A. , van Meurs Martin 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe acid catalyzed reactive distillation of γ‐valerolactone yields pentenoic acids (PEAs) which can be obtained in >90 % purity and >97 % selectivity. The PEAs (five isomers) can be converted into a number of useful products with commercial relevance. The hydroxycarbonylation of PEAs yields adipic acid (a Nylon monomer) in very high selectivity and with good activity. Self‐metathesis of PEAs yields C6 – C8 unsaturated dicarboxylic acids which after hydrogenation produces a mixture of adipic acid, pimelic acid and suberic acid. If the PEAs are first subjected to ethenolysis; acrylic acid, 3‐butenoic acid, and 4‐pentenoic acid are produced. The self‐metathesis of 3‐butenoic acid produces β‐hydromuconic acid in >99 % selectivity which can be hydrogenated to adipic acid, whereas the self‐metathesis of 4‐PEA followed by hydrogenation gives suberic acid with 99 % selectivity. 3‐Butenoic acid can also be hydroxycarbonylated to produce glutaric acid in 99 % selectivity.
Ni/Al2O3 Catalysts Derived from Layered Double Hydroxide and Their Applications in Hydrodeoxygenation of Anisole
Authors: Zhang Xingzhao , Chen Xiao , Jin Shaohua , Peng Zhijian , Liang Changhai 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe catalytic performance of Ni/Al2O3 catalysts derived from layered double hydroxide precursors with nickel ions incorporated into the brucite‐like layers was investigated for the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of anisole as a model compound of the lignin. Upon calcination and subsequent reduction, the well‐crystallized phase and highly dispersed Ni nanoparticles (3∼10 nm) on the support were obtained. The catalysts exhibited high activity toward the hydrogenolysis of C−O bonds and the hydrogenation saturation of aromatic ring at low temperature (200‐280 °C) and appropriate hydrogen pressure (2 MPa). The activity and selectivity of these two main reaction pathways of anisole conversion were independent of the Ni content. And the direct cleavage of Caromatic‐O bond of anisole forming benzene as another parallel pathway prevails at increasing temperature. In addition, the catalysts are highly resistant to coking and easy to be reactivated by the utilization of the layered double hydroxide precursors.
Prioritizing test cases for early detection of refactoring faults
Authors: Alves Everton L. G. , Machado Patrícia D. L. , Massoni Tiago , Kim Miryung 
Published: March 2016

SummaryRefactoring edits are error‐prone, requiring cost‐effective testing. Regression test suites are often used as a safety net for decreasing the chances of behavioural changes. Because of the high costs related to handling massive test suites, prioritization techniques can be applied to reorder test case execution, fostering early fault detection. However, traditional prioritization techniques are not specifically designed for detecting refactoring‐related faults. This article proposes refactoring‐based approach (RBA), a refactoring‐aware strategy for prioritizing regression test cases. RBA reorders an existing test sequence, using a set of proposed refactoring fault models that define the refactoring's impact on program methods.Refactoring‐based approach's evaluation shows that it promotes early detection of refactoring faults and outperforms well‐known prioritization techniques in 71% of the cases.Moreover, it prioritizes fault‐revealing test cases close to one another in 73% of the cases, which can be useful for fault localization. Those findings show that RBA can considerably improve prioritization of test cases during perfective evolution, both by increasing fault‐detection rates as well as by helping to pinpoint defects introduced by an incorrect refactoring. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Postpartum two‐ and three‐dimensional ultrasound evaluation of anal sphincter complex in women with obstetric anal sphincter injury
Authors: Ros C. , Martínez‐Franco E. , Wozniak M. M. , Cassado J. , Santoro G. A. , Elías N. , López M. , Palacio M. , Wieczorek A. P. , Espuña‐Pons M. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo compare the sensitivity and specificity of two‐ (2D) and three‐ (3D) dimensional transperineal ultrasound (TPUS) and 3D endovaginal ultrasound (EVUS) with the gold standard 3D endoanal ultrasound (EAUS) in detecting residual defects after primary repair of obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS).MethodsExternal (EAS) and internal (IAS) anal sphincters were evaluated by the four ultrasound modalities in women with repaired OASIS. 2D‐TPUS was evaluated in real‐time, whereas 3D‐TPUS, 3D‐EVUS and 3D‐EAUS volumes were evaluated offline by six blinded readers. The presence/absence of any tear in EAS or IAS was recorded and defects were scored according to the Starck system. Sensitivity, specificity and predictive values were calculated, using 3D‐EAUS as reference standard. Inter‐ and intraobserver analyses were performed for all 3D imaging modalities. Association between patients' symptoms (Wexner score) and ultrasound findings (Starck score) was calculated.ResultsImages from 55 patients were analyzed. Compared with findings on 3D‐EAUS, the agreement for EAS evaluation was poor for 3D‐EVUS (κ = 0.01), fair for 2D‐TPUS (κ = 0.30) and good for 3D‐TPUS (κ = 0.73). The agreement for IAS evaluation was moderate for both 3D‐EVUS (κ = 0.41) and 2D‐TPUS (κ = 0.52) and good for 3D‐TPUS (κ = 0.66). Good intraobserver (3D‐EAUS, κ = 0.73; 3D‐TPUS, κ = 0.78) and interobserver (3D‐EAUS, κ = 0.68; 3D‐TPUS, κ = 0.60) agreement was reported. Significant association between Starck and Wexner scores was found only for 3D‐EAUS (Spearman's rho = 0.277, P = 0.04).Conclusions2D‐TPUS and 3D‐EVUS are not accurate modalities for the assessment of anal sphincters after repair of OASIS. 3D‐TPUS shows good agreement with the gold standard 3D‐EAUS and a high sensitivity in detecting residual defects. It, thus, has potential as a screening tool after primary repair of OASIS. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Genomic, Lipidomic and Metabolomic Analysis of Cyclooxygenase-Null Cells: Eicosanoid Storm, Cross Talk, and Compensation by COX-1
Authors: Islam Abul B.M.M.K. , Dave Mandar , Amin Sonia , Jensen Roderick V. , Amin Ashok R. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The constitutively-expressed cyclooxygenase 1 (COX-1) and the inducible COX-2 are both involved in the conversion of arachidonic acid (AA) to prostaglandins (PGs). However, the functional roles of COX-1 at the cellular level remain unclear. We hypothesized that by comparing differential gene expression and eicosanoid metabolism in lung fibroblasts from wild-type (WT) mice and COX-2-/- or COX-1-/- mice may help address the functional roles of COX-1 in inflammation and other cellular functions. Compared to WT, the number of specifically-induced transcripts were altered descendingly as follows: COX-2-/-  &gt; COX-1-/-  &gt; WT + IL-1β. COX-1-/- or COX-2-/- cells shared about 50% of the induced transcripts with WT cells treated with IL-1β, respectively. An interactive “anti-inflammatory, proinflammatory, and redox-activated” signature in the protein–protein interactome map was observed in COX-2-/- cells. The augmented COX-1 mRNA (in COX-2-/- cells) was associated with the upregulation of mRNAs for glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), NAD(P)H dehydrogenase quinone 1 (NQO1), aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), peroxiredoxin, phospholipase, prostacyclin synthase, and prostaglandin E synthase, resulting in a significant increase in the levels of PGE2, PGD2, leukotriene B4 (LTB4), PGF1α, thromboxane B2 (TXB2), and PGF2α. The COX-1 plays a dominant role in shifting AA toward the LTB4 pathway and anti-inflammatory activities. Compared to WT, the upregulated COX-1 mRNA in COX-2-/- cells generated an “eicosanoid storm”. The genomic characteristics of COX-2-/- is similar to that of proinflammatory cells as observed in IL-1β induced WT cells. COX-1-/- and COX-2-/- cells exhibited compensation of various eicosanoids at the genomic and metabolic levels.
Computations of equilibrium and non-equilibrium turbulent channel flows using a nested-LES approach
Authors: Tang Yifeng , Akhavan Rayhaneh 
Published: March 2016

A new nested-LES approach for computation of high Reynolds number, equilibrium, and non-equilibrium, wall-bounded turbulent flows is presented. The method couples coarse-resolution LES in the full computational domain with fine-resolution LES in a minimal flow unit to retain the accuracy of well-resolved LES throughout the computational domain, including in the near-wall region, while significantly reducing the computational cost. The two domains are coupled by renormalizing the instantaneous velocity fields in each domain dynamically during the course of the simulation to match the wall-normal profiles of single-time, ensemble-averaged kinetic energies of the components of ‘mean’ and fluctuating velocities in the inner layer to those of the minimal flow unit, and in the outer layer to those of the full domain. This simple renormalization procedure is shown to correct the energy spectra and wall shear stresses in both domains, thus leading to accurate turbulence statistics. The nested-LES approach has been applied to computation of equilibrium turbulent channel flow at $Re_{{\it\tau}}\approx 1000$, 2000, 5000, 10 000, and non-equilibrium, strained turbulent channel flow at $Re_{{\it\tau}}\approx 2000$. In both flows, nested-LES predicts the skin friction coefficient, first- and higher-order turbulence statistics, spectra and structure of the flow in agreement with available DNS and experimental data. Nested-LES can be applied to any flow with at least one direction of local or global homogeneity, while reducing the required number of grid points from $O(Re_{{\it\tau}}^{2})$ of conventional LES to $O(\log Re_{{\it\tau}})$ or $O(Re_{{\it\tau}})$ in flows with two or one locally or globally homogeneous directions, respectively.