bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical bismuth phosphate microspheres with high photocatalytic performance
Authors: Pei Lizhai , Wei Tian , Lin Nan , Yu Haiyun 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Hierarchical bismuth phosphate microspheres have been prepared by a simple hydrothermal process with polyvinyl pyrrolidone. Scanning electron microscopy observations show that the hierarchical bismuth phosphate microspheres consist of nanosheets with a thickness of about 30 nm. The diameter of the microspheres is about 1 – 3 μm. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the microspheres are comprised of triclinic Bi23P4O44.5 phase. The formation of the hierarchical microspheres depends on polyvinyl pyrrolidone concentration, hydrothermal temperature and reaction time. Gentian violet acts as the pollutant model for investigating the photocatalytic activity of the hierarchical bismuth phosphate microspheres under ultraviolet–visible light irradiation. Irradiation time, dosage of the hierarchical microspheres and initial gentian violet concentration on the photocatalytic efficiency are also discussed. The hierarchical bismuth phosphate microspheres show good photocatalytic performance for gentian violet removal in aqueous solution.
Nanoindentation of carbon microspheres
Authors: Sun Yuan , Chen Rong , Zhao Guangfeng , Yang Fuqian 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe indentation behavior of carbon microspheres was examined. The indentation load was in the range of 50 μN to 500 μN for the carbon microspheres with a diameter of ∼5 μm, and 15 μN to 100 μN for the carbon microspheres with a diameter of 1 μm. For the same ratio of the maximum indentation depth to the diameter of the carbon microspheres, both the contact modulus and indentation hardness for the carbon microspheres with a diameter of ∼5 μm are larger than the corresponding values for the carbon microspheres with a diameter of ∼1 μm. The carbon microspheres of ∼5 μm in diameter exhibited a larger resistance to the mechanical deformation than the carbon microspheres of ∼1 μm in diameter. The plastic energy dissipated in the nanoindentation increases with the increase of the indentation depth (load) and is a power function of the indentation depth.
Une enquête sur les parlementaires du Nord sous la Troisième République
Authors: Ménager Bernard 
Published: March 2016

Bernard Ménager, Een onderzoek over de parlementairen van het Noorden tijdens de Derde Republiek.
Het door de C.N.R.S. gesteunde nationale onderzoek over de parlementairen van de Derde Republiek heeft tot doel het opstellen van een bestand over de 6721 verkozenen, met gegevens als sociale en familiale achtergrond, beroep en politieke keuze. Deze gegevens zullen via een computerprogramma verge- leken worden. Een team onderzoekt de 340 parlementairen van het Noorden. Dat zal misschien régionale kenmerken aan het licht brengen als de hechte familiestructuur, de evolutie naar links en de daarmee verbonden verandering van het politiek personeel.
Une dynastie parlementaire aux XIXe et XXe siècles : la famille des Rotours
Authors: Boulenguez Hélène 
Published: March 2016

Régis Renoncourt, The Pas-de-Calais Department Councilors from 1871 to 1914.
Though the mandate of Department Councilor is far more stable than that of Deputy and less dependent on national events, the Pas-de-Calais Department Chamber is nonetheless a valuable observatory of the evolution of the opinions in a Department that keeps a strong attraction for Bonapartism after the fall of the Empire and which, over two decades, lets itself progressively be conquered by the Republic. If this evolution is particular to the rural populations, one can witness, after 1890, in the coal-mining constituencies, and, to a lesser extent, in the few urban constituencies of the Pas-de-Calais, a rise of the Socialist current which only represents however a small minority in the Department Chamber. Centered on this two tier evolution, this paper analyses its consequences on the socio-professional structure of the Chamber, and on the age and seniority characteristics of its members.
Eugène Motte, député-maire de Roubaix
Authors: De Baudus Amaury 
Published: March 2016

Amaury de Baudus, Eugène Motte, afgevaardigde en burgemeester van Roubaix.
Eugène Motte staat aan het hoofd van de tweede textielgroep in Roubaix als de door de overwinning van de links, in de stad (1892) en dan in de deputatie, sterk aangeslagen rechterzijde hem vraagt kandidaat te zijn. Hij wordt in 1895 verkozen als conseiller général, in 1898 als afgevaardigde en in 1902 als burgemeester. In 1903 volgt de bekroning : hij wordt voorzitter van de Republikeinse Federatie. Zijn republikeinse oorsprong, zijn imago als sociaalvoe- lend en apolitiek patroon en verdediger van de belangen van de stad en de arbeiders hebben hem daarbij geholpen. Motte is een nonconformistisch aan- hanger van de vrijhandel in een protectionistisch milieu, een verdraagzaam katholiek die bovendien zijn kollega's in de Kamer, die niets van ekonomie begrijpen, veracht. De sociale en ekonomische moeilijkheden in Roubaix en de zwakke steun van de klerikale rechterzijde verklaren zijn nederlaag bij de wetgevende verkiezingen in 1906 en de gemeentelijke in 1912. Daarop keert Motte terug naar het zakenleven, zijn echte roeping.
L'évolution politique et l'enracinement local d'un radical-socialiste du Nord : Daniel Vincent
Authors: Lemoine-Rodrigues Sandrine 
Published: March 2016

Elu à la surprise générale dans l'Avesnois, lors des élections législatives de 1910, après avoir bravé les notables de son parti, Daniel Vincent, radical- socialiste, s'appuie surtout sur un électorat populaire et citadin, se préoccupant des problèmes sociaux, en faisant voter, par exemple, la loi sur les assurances sociales.
En 1939, sénateur, il délaisse son électorat de base conquis par le socialisme et s'appuie sur une notoriété progressivement acquise.
Entre les deux pôles de sa carrière, se situe une évolution humaine et politique, couvrant près de trente années.
Au travers de cette évolution qu'il faut chercher à cerner, n'est-ce pas l'évolution de tout un courant politique que l'on peut appréhender, derrière une carrière néanmoins originale ?
Contributions migratoires, structures démographiques et mouvements naturels dans les centres urbains traditionnels. L'expérience d'une ville wallonne, Huy, entre 1820 et 1910.
Authors: Oris Michel 
Published: March 2016

Migratieoverschot, demografische struktuur en natuurlijk verloop in een traditioneel stedelijk centrum. De ervaring van een Waalse stad, Hoei, tussen 1820 en 1910.
Omvat het typisch ontwikkelingsmodel van kleine oude stadjes als Hoei een aparté demografie ? Dit artikel wil op de vraag een antwoord geven. De struktuur, bepaald door ekonomie en bevolking, is er niet zomaar. De oorspong ervan wordt bestudeerd aan de hand van de essentiële migratiebijdrage en, aan het andere uiteinde, de interactie van structurele komponenten en de naturlijke bevolkingsbeweging, dat ailes in de kontekst van een demografische overgang, of van achteruitgang die samenvalt met de verhouding van geboorten en sterften. De vergelijkende aanpak biedt de gelegenheid om een aantal gegevens, resultaat van verschillende recente onderzoeken over de bevolking van de Waalse industriebekkens, te publiceren.
Phtisique ou tuberculeux ? Le discours lillois sur la tuberculose à la Belle Époque (1895- 1914).
Authors: Vidal Nathalie 
Published: March 2016

Tering of tbc ? Hoe men in Rijsel tbc zag tijdens de Belle Epoque (1895-1914).
Rijsel is als arbeidersstad die beinvloed werd door socialisten en sociale katholieken de aangewezen plaats om er de tijdens de Belle Epoque geldende opvattingen over tbc te bestuderen. Van 1890 tot 1914 staat de tering in het centrum van de belangstelling. Er zijn twee stromingen. In de medische wereld gaat, onder invloed van de volgelingen van Pasteur, geleid door Calmette, de belangstelling naar de tbcpatienten. De moderne toon van de artikelen in de medische pers verbergt nauwelijks een andere en oudere opvatting, van meer sociale aard, verdedigd door sociale katholieken en ook een paar socialisten geleid door Dr Désiré Verhaeghe, waar men het over teringlijders heeft. Tussen de traditionele gemeenplaatsen overgeërfd van Villermé en de sociale onderzoekers uit het begin van de XIXe eeuw (tering van alcoholverslaafden, ongeregeld leven, ellende ontstaan uit de ondeugd...) treft men nauwelijks verwijzingen aan naar de arbeidsomstandigheden van de werkende klasse als oorzaak van de tbc. Het archaisch karakter van de twee opvattingen was de oorzaak van de mislukking van de eerste maatregelen in de strijd tegen tbc.
Le chemin d'Ypres à Comines au début du XIVe siècle ou l'accès des Yprois à la Lys.
Authors: Duvosquel Jean-Marie 
Published: March 2016

The road from Ypres to Comines in the beginninng of the XIVth century or the access of Ypres to the Lys.
From the X-XIth century on a "domanial" road linked Ypres and Lille through Mesen, cities which developed in the count's territory, as specialised regional markets which eventually grew into the flemish fairs.
Ypres had a direct link with the north, Bruges and the sea, through the Ieperlee. The city sought a link with the south, through the Lys (Leie ?), upstream via the Deule to Lille and Artois, and downstream with the Scheldtbasin. Comines was somehow the outport of Ypres on the Lys till about 1300, afterwards Waasten took its place in the beginning of the XIVth century when it fell into the hands of the count of Flanders. The paved road from Ypres to Lille crossed there the Lys. These roads and connections proved to be of great importance for the eceonomic life in the country.
Entrepreneurs, corporations et autorités publiques au Brabant et en Flandre à la fin de l'Ancien Régime.
Authors: Lis Catharina , Soly Hugo 
Published: March 2016

Cet essai a pour but d'apporter une contribution à l'étude de la régulation et de la dérégulation aux Pays-Bas autrichiens, et notamment dans les grandes villes brabançonnes et flamandes qui connurent, dans la seconde moitié du XVIIIe siècle, une croissance économique rapide.
Il ressort d'études récentes que les entrepreneurs capitalistes n'avaient pas à se défaire du carcan que constituait un «système corporatif», car dans la plupart des industries exportatrices, les métiers n'avaient plus aucun poids économique réel. S'ils ne pouvaient compter sur le soutien inconditionnel des autorités publiques, il est certain que les magistrats et, surtout, le gouvernement central ont pris des mesures dont ils ont tiré profit.
Il n'en résulte pas que l'économie de marché avait, à la fin de l'Ancien Régime, triomphé à tous les fronts, ni que le principe du laisser-faire était considéré comme une panacée. La dérégulation et la régulation allaient de pair. Une méthode univoque faisait défaut, car les intérêts des différents agents étaient divergents et souvent contradictoires. Les processus de libéralisation avaient en outre un effet boomerang sur le plan de la mobilisation et du contrôle de la main-d'œuvre.
Le marché du travail et ses institutions. Le cas des Pays-Bas du XVIe au XXe siècle.
Authors: Diederiks H. A. 
Published: March 2016

Labour's market and its institutions. The case of the Netherlands, XVIth till XXth century. Labour's market and its institutions. The case of the Netherlands, XVIth till XXth century. Netherlands, xvith till xxth century.
This article deals with problems of the labour market and its institutions in the Netherlands for the period since the sixteenth century up to the present. In the article the argument is brought forward that the idea of a free market for labour is part of nineteenth century ideology. During most of history labour was not free. The constraints were part of the structure of society or of production like the guild system or slavery, but also in colonial situations coercion outside slavery was normal. Apart from that contract labour could be enforced by legal methods. The discussion on free or unfree labour has been focused on forced labour as part of the poor relief system and the prison system. Both cases show an overlap, but both can be hardly explained by economic factors. Nor the workhouse in the poor relief, nor the prison could produce in such a way that profit was the result.
Les institutions d'une économie de marché : le cas de la Suède.
Authors: Magnusson Lars 
Published: March 2016

C'est au cours des années 1930 que le «modèle suédois» a pris consistance. Reposant sur une coopération harmonieuse entre l'Etat, les employeurs et les syndicats, son épanouissement a été rendu possible par la mise en place d'institutions originales, héritées en grande partie des siècles antérieurs.
Au XVIIIe siècle, la forte empreinte du mercantilisme sur la modernisation économique du pays a entraîné la mise en place de cadres institutionnels particulièrement structurés. Ceux-ci, en évoluant, ont résisté à l'irruption du libéralisme économique lors du XIXe siècle. Puis, vers 1890, la nécessité de combattre les déséquilibres sociaux nés du développement économique a présidé à l'établissement d'un «capitalisme organisé». Ce dernier a largement préfiguré ce qui se passera ensuite.
STATISTICAL DECOUPLING OF A LAGRANGIAN FLUID PARCEL IN NEWTONIAN COSMOLOGY
Authors: Wang Xin , Szalay Alex 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
The Lagrangian dynamics of a single fluid element within a self-gravitational matter field is intrinsically non-local due to the presence of the tidal force. This complicates the theoretical investigation of the nonlinear evolution of various cosmic objects, e.g., dark matter halos, in the context of Lagrangian fluid dynamics, since fluid parcels with given initial density and shape may evolve differently depending on their environments. In this paper, we provide a statistical solution that could decouple this environmental dependence. After deriving the evolution equation for the probability distribution of the matter field, our method produces a set of closed ordinary differential equations whose solution is uniquely determined by the initial condition of the fluid element. Mathematically, it corresponds to the projected characteristic curve of the transport equation of the density-weighted probability density function (ρPDF). Consequently it is guaranteed that the one-point ρPDF would be preserved by evolving these local, yet nonlinear, curves with the same set of initial data as the real system. Physically, these trajectories describe the mean evolution averaged over all environments by substituting the tidal tensor with its conditional average. For Gaussian distributed dynamical variables, this mean tidal tensor is simply proportional to the velocity shear tensor, and the dynamical system would recover the prediction of the Zel’dovich approximation (ZA) with the further assumption of the linearized continuity equation. For a weakly non-Gaussian field, the averaged tidal tensor could be expanded perturbatively as a function of all relevant dynamical variables whose coefficients are determined by the statistics of the field.
SURVIVAL OF PURE DISK GALAXIES OVER THE LAST 8 BILLION YEARS
Authors: Sachdeva Sonali , Saha Kanak 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
Pure disk galaxies without any bulge component, i.e., bulges that are neither classical nor pseudo, seem to have escaped the effects of merger activity that are inherent to hierarchical galaxy formation models as well as strong internal secular evolution. We discover that a significant fraction (∼15%–18%) of disk galaxies in the Hubble Deep Field (

) and in the local universe (

) are such pure disk systems (PDSs). The spatial distribution of light in these PDSs is well-described by a single exponential function from the outskirts to the center and appears to have remained intact over the last 8 billion years, keeping the mean central surface brightness and scale-length nearly constant. These two disk parameters of PDSs are brighter and shorter, respectively, than those of disks which are part of disk galaxies with bulges. Since the fraction of PDSs, as well as their profile-defining parameters, do not change, this indicates that these galaxies have not witnessed either major mergers or multiple minor mergers since

. However, there is a substantial increase in their total stellar mass and total size over the same time range. This suggests that smooth accretion of cold gas via cosmic filaments is the most probable mode of their evolutions. We speculate that PDSs are dynamically hotter and cushioned in massive dark matter halos, which may prevent them from undergoing strong secular evolution.
INFERENCES ON THE RELATIONS BETWEEN CENTRAL BLACK HOLE MASS AND TOTAL GALAXY STELLAR MASS IN THE HIGH-REDSHIFT UNIVERSE
Authors: Volonteri Marta , Reines Amy E. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
At the highest redshifts,

, several tens of luminous quasars have been detected. The search for fainter active galactic nucleus (AGN), in deep X-ray surveys, has proven less successful, with few candidates to date. An extrapolation of the relationship between black hole (BH) and bulge mass would predict that the sample of

galaxies host relatively massive BHs (

), if one assumes that total stellar mass is a good proxy for bulge mass. At least a few of these BHs should be luminous enough to be detectable in the 4Ms CDFS. The relation between BH and stellar mass defined by local moderate-luminosity AGNs in low-mass galaxies, however, has a normalization that is lower by approximately an order of magnitude compared to the BH–bulge mass relation. We explore how this scaling changes the interpretation of AGNs in the high-z universe. Despite large uncertainties, driven by those in the stellar mass function, and in the extrapolation of local relations, one can explain the current non-detection of moderate-luminosity AGNs in Lyman Break Galaxies if galaxies below

are characterized by the low-normalization scaling, and, even more so, if their Eddington ratio is also typical of moderate-luminosity AGNs rather than luminous quasars. AGNs being missed by X-ray searches due to obscuration or instrinsic X-ray weakness also remain a possibility.
A case of multiple evanescent white dot syndrome misdiagnosed as optic neuritis: Differential diagnosis for the neurologist
Authors: Pellegrini Francesco , Interlandi Emanuela 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTA 25-year-old female presented to a local hospital for acute onset of a central scotoma in the left visual field. She was visited by the neurologist, and a diagnosis of left retrobulbar optic neuritis was made. Magnetic resonance imaging scan was normal. Ophthalmic examination revealed a multiple evanescent white dot syndrome. After a description of the case, a brief differential diagnosis between these two entities is made. The neurologist should be aware of this uncommon condition.
Paradoxical response in spinal tuberculosis: Lessons learnt
Authors: Velivela Kiranchand , Rajesh Alugolu 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
Background: Patients with spinal tuberculosis started on antituberculous treatment (ATT) empirically and showing increasing size of the lesion on follow-up are a treatment challenge. We describe our experience in managing such cases. Materials and Methods: We treated 80 patients with spinal tuberculosis at our institute from January 2012 to June 2014. Of these, 50 were managed by surgical intervention and the rest 30 were managed conservatively only on anti-tubercular drugs. Six patients out of these 30 patients, showed a paradoxical increase in the size of lesion without any neurological deficits after 3 months of starting ATT. Surgical intervention was done in three cases, whereas other three were managed by ultrasound-guided tapping of the lesion with continuation of ATT. Results: There was an improvement in the symptoms with weight gain and normalcy of appetite. However, all these patients had lymphopenia on differential leukocyte counts at the outset which normalized at 3 months. Conclusion: The mainstay of management of paradoxical response in spinal tuberculosis should be conservative with drainage or aspiration of abscesses along with the continuation of ATT. Surgical decompression and stabilization may be necessary in few cases who develop new neurological deficits or deformity or instability.
Prevalence of substance abuse among regular degree health science students in Sheba University College in Mekelle Town, Tigray - Ethiopia
Authors: Hagos Esietu Gebregazabher , Asfeha Gebrekidan Gebregzabher , Berihu Birhane Alem 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
Background: Substance abuse (SA) refers to the harmful or hazardous use of psychoactive substances, including alcohol and illicit drugs. The most common substances which are usually abused are alcohol and tobacco. Herein, we assessed the prevalence of SA among regular degree health science students of the Sheba University College (SUC). Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 1076 SUC students using self-administered structured questionnaire. The simple sampling technique was used to select students. Descriptive statistics, bivariate, and multivariate analysis were done. Results: The overall prevalence of “ever used substance” for at least one was 45.5%. The most commonly used drugs in descending order were alcohol (25.1%), cigarette (11.4%), and khat (9.2%). Male participants, urban setting, peer pressure, personal pleasure, and academic dissatisfaction and pocket money were highly associated with SA. Conclusion: This study showed a lower magnitude (45.6% ever use and 21% still using) of SA among students’ compared to other studies. Even if a considerable decrease in SA among study subjects, the creation of awareness and health education should be continued to fully combat the problem of abuse.