bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mouse retinal ganglion cell signalling is dynamically modulated through parallel anterograde activation of cannabinoid and vanilloid pathways
Authors: Jo Andrew O. , Noel Jennifer M. , Lakk Monika , Yarishkin Oleg , Ryskamp Daniel A. , Shibasaki Koji , McCall Maureen A. , Križaj David 
Published: August 2017

Key points
Retinal cells use vanilloid transient receptor potential (TRP) channels to integrate light‐evoked signals with ambient mechanical, chemical and temperature information.
Localization and function of the polymodal non‐selective cation channel TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid isoform 1) remains elusive.
TRPV1 is expressed in a subset of mouse retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) with peak expression in the mid‐peripheral retina.
Endocannabinoids directly activate TRPV1 and inhibit it through cannabinoid type 1 receptors (CB1Rs) and cAMP pathways.
Activity‐dependent endocannabinoid release may modulate signal gain in RGCs through simultaneous manipulation of calcium and cAMP signals mediated by TRPV1 and CB1R.
AbstractHow retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) process and integrate synaptic, mechanical, swelling stimuli with light inputs is an area of intense debate. The nociceptive cation channel TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1) modulates RGC Ca2+ signals and excitability yet the proportion of RGCs that express it remains unclear. Furthermore, TRPV1's response to endocannabinoids (eCBs), the putative endogenous retinal activators, is unknown, as is the potential modulation by cannabinoid receptors (CBRs). The density of TRPV1‐expressing RGCs in the Ai9:Trpv1 reporter mouse peaked in the mid‐peripheral retina. TRPV1 agonists including capsaicin (CAP) and the eCBs anandamide and N‐arachidonoyl‐dopamine elevated [Ca2+]i in 30–40% of wild‐type RGCs, with effects suppressed by TRPV1 antagonists capsazepine (CPZ) and BCTC ((4‐(3‐chloro‐2‐pyridinyl)‐N‐[4‐(1,1‐dimethylethyl)phenyl]‐1‐piperazinecarboxamide), and lacking in Trpv1−/− cells. The cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R) colocalized with TRPV1:tdTomato expression. Its agonists 2‐arachidonoylglycerol (2‐AG) and WIN55,122 inhibited CAP‐induced [Ca2+]i signals in adult, but not early postnatal, RGCs. The suppressive effect of 2‐AG on TRPV1 activation was emulated by positive modulators of the protein kinase A (PKA) pathway, inhibited by the CB1R antagonist rimonabant and Gi uncoupler pertussis toxin, and absent in Cnr1−/− RGCs. We conclude that TRPV1 is a modulator of Ca2+ homeostasis in a subset of RGCs that show non‐uniform distribution across the mouse retina. Non‐retrograde eCB‐mediated modulation of RGC signalling involves a dynamic push–pull between direct TRPV1 activation and PKA‐dependent regulation of channel inactivation, with potential functions in setting the bandwidth of postsynaptic responses, sensitivity to mechanical/excitotoxic stress and neuroprotection.
Draft Whole-Genome Sequences for Two
Pigmentiphaga
Isolates Recovered from Human Clinical Materials
Authors: Bernier Anne-Marie , Bernard Kathryn 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

Features from two
Pigmentiphaga
isolates referred to Canada’s National Microbiology Laboratory from human clinical materials were described previously (N. Bridger, S. Drews, T. Burdz, D. Wiebe, A. L. Pacheco, B. Ng, and K. Bernard, J Med Microbiol 62:708–711, 2013,
https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.051615-0
). Whole-genome sequencing was performed on strains NML030171 and NML080357; the sequences were found to have 5.86 and 5.73 Mb of clean data and G+C contents of 67.5 and 66.74 mol%, respectively.
Nitrite Derived from Endogenous Bacterial Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity Promotes Aerobic Respiration
Authors: Chaudhari Sujata S. , Kim Minji , Lei Shulei , Razvi Fareha , Alqarzaee Abdulelah A. , Hutfless Elizabeth H. , Powers Robert , Zimmerman Matthew C. , Fey Paul D. , Thomas Vinai C. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

Macrophage-derived nitric oxide (NO·) is a crucial effector against invading pathogens. Yet, paradoxically, several bacterial species, including some pathogens, are known to endogenously produce NO· via nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity, despite its apparent cytotoxicity. Here, we reveal a conserved role for bacterial NOS in activating aerobic respiration. We demonstrate that nitrite generated from endogenous NO· decomposition stimulates quinol oxidase activity in
Staphylococcus aureus
and increases the rate of cellular respiration. This not only supports optimal growth of this organism but also prevents a dysbalance in central metabolism. Further, we also show that activity of the SrrAB two-component system alleviates the physiological defects of the
nos
mutant. Our findings suggest that NOS and SrrAB constitute two distinct but functionally redundant routes for controlling staphylococcal respiration during aerobic growth.

IMPORTANCE
Despite its potential autotoxic effects, several bacterial species, including pathogenic staphylococcal species, produce NO· endogenously through nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity. Therefore, how endogenous NO· influences bacterial fitness remains unclear. Here we show that the oxidation of NO· to nitrite increases aerobic respiration and consequently optimizes central metabolism to favor growth. Importantly, we also demonstrate that cells have a “fail-safe” mechanism that can maintain respiratory activity through the SrrAB two-component signaling regulon should NOS-derived nitrite levels decrease. These findings identify NOS and SrrAB as critical determinants of staphylococcal respiratory control and highlight their potential as therapeutic targets.
Elongation Factor P Interactions with the Ribosome Are Independent of Pausing
Authors: Tollerson Rodney , Witzky Anne , Ibba Michael 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

Bacterial elongation factor P (EF-P) plays a pivotal role in the translation of polyproline motifs. To stimulate peptide bond formation, EF-P must enter the ribosome via an empty E-site. Using fluorescence-based single-molecule tracking, Mohapatra et al. (S. Mohapatra, H. Choi, X. Ge, S. Sanyal, and J. C. Weisshaar, mBio 8:e00300-17, 2017,
https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00300-17
) monitored the cellular distribution of EF-P and quantified the frequency of association between EF-P and the ribosome under various conditions. Findings from the study showed that EF-P has a localization pattern that is strikingly similar to that of ribosomes. Intriguingly, EF-P was seen to bind ribosomes more frequently than the estimated number of pausing events, indicating that E-site vacancies occur even when ribosomes are not paused. The study provides new insights into the mechanism of EF-P-dependent peptide bond formation and the intricacies of translation elongation.
Effects of Electroacupuncture to the Trigeminal Nerve Area on the Autonomic Nervous System and Cerebral Blood Flow in the Prefrontal Cortex
Authors: Waki Hideaki , Suzuki Takuya , Tanaka Yuki , Tamai Hideaki , Minakawa Yoichi , Miyazaki Shogo , Yoshida Naruto , Uebaba Kazuo , Imai Kenji , Hisajima Tatsuya 
Published: August 2017

Background The autonomic nervous system and trigeminal nerve are involved in adjusting flow through diverging cerebral arteries in the prefrontal cortex. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of 100 Hz electroacupuncture (EA) to the trigeminal nerve area on cerebral blood flow and autonomic nervous system function. Method This was a randomised crossover study of 16 healthy volunteers who were assigned to an EA or control group. Stimulation (in the EA group) was performed five times, each after 1 min of rest. Needles were inserted at the inner edge of the eyebrows and 1 cm from the front hairline midpoint. We used high-frequency (HF) and low-frequency (LF) components of heart rate (HR) variability to assess autonomic nervous system function. HF and LF/HF ratio were taken as indicators of parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system activity, respectively. We measured cerebral blood flow using a two-channel near-infrared spectroscope. Results In the EA group, HR significantly decreased (p=0.004) and HF significantly increased (p=0.006) relative to baseline. By contrast, there were no significant changes in HR or HF within the control group (p>0.05). Accordingly, HR tended to be lower (p=0.087) and HF greater (p=0.071) in the EA group versus the control group. There were no significant differences in LF/HF ratio within/between groups. Compared with the control group, cerebral blood flow was significantly greater in the left (p=0.048) and right (p=0.016) prefrontal cortex in the EA group. Conclusions Delivery of 100 Hz EA to the trigeminal nerve area reduces HR and increases parasympathetic nervous activity and cerebral blood flow.
Changes in retinal venular oxygen saturation predict activity of proliferative diabetic retinopathy 3 months after panretinal photocoagulation
Authors: Torp Thomas Lee , Kawasaki Ryo , Wong Tien Yin , Peto Tunde , Grauslund Jakob 
Published: August 2017

Background/AimsProliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) is a severe blinding condition. We investigated whether retinal metabolism, measured by retinal oximetry, may predict PDR activity after panretinal laser photocoagulation (PRP).MethodsWe performed a prospective, interventional, clinical study of patients with treatment-naive PDR. Wide-field fluorescein angiography (OPTOS, Optomap) and global and focal retinal oximetry (Oxymap T1) were performed at baseline (BL), and 3 months (3M) after PRP. Angiographic findings were used to divide patients according to progression or non-progression of PDR after PRP. We evaluated differences in global and focal retinal oxygen saturation between patients with and without progression of PDR after PRP treatment.ResultsWe included 45 eyes of 37 patients (median age and duration of diabetes were 51.6 and 20 years). Eyes with progression of PDR developed a higher retinal venous oxygen saturation than eyes with non-progression at 3M (global: +5.9% (95% CI –1.5 to 12.9), focal: +5.4%, (95% CI –4.1 to 14.8)). Likewise, progression of PDR was associated with a lower arteriovenular (AV) oxygen difference between BL and 3M (global: –6.1%, (95% CI –13.4 to –1.4), focal: –4.5% (95% CI –12.1 to 3.2)). In a multiple logistic regression model, increment in global retinal venular oxygen saturation (OR 1.30 per 1%-point increment, p=0.017) and decrement in AV oxygen saturation difference (OR 0.72 per 1%-point increment, p=0.016) at 3M independently predicted progression of PDR.ConclusionDevelopment of higher retinal venular and lower AV global oxygen saturation independently predicts progression of PDR despite standard PRP and might be a potential non-invasive marker of angiogenic disease activity.
Demographic and behavioural risk factors associated withTrichomonas vaginalisamong South African HIV-positive men with genital ulcer disease: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Abdallah Iddrisu , Armstrong-Mensah Elizabeth , Alema-Mensah Ernest , Jones Cheryl 
Published: August 2017

ObjectivesDemographic and risky sexual behaviours may increase the risk forTrichomonas vaginalis(TV) infection and, thus, enhance HIV transmission to uninfected partners. We assessed the demographic and behavioural risk factors associated with TV among South African HIV-positive men with genital ulcer disease.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study with data from a randomised controlled trial conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. The data were obtained from three primary healthcare clinics in South Africa. At baseline (n=387), participants reported on demographics, sexual behaviour, history of sexually transmitted infections and clinical ulcers. The outcome TV was measured using real-time multiplex PCR assays and a Rotor-gene 3000 platform from the first and past urine samples of all participants. Logistic regression model estimated ORs and 95% CIs adjusted for demographics, sexual risk behaviours and ulcer conditions.ResultsAn estimated 11.4% of TV was detected among the men. The odds of TV infection were significantly associated with high blister counts (OR 4.0, 95% CI 1.6 to 28, p=0.01), ulcer pain (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2 to 0.7, p=0.003), number of days with ulcers (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2 to 0.8, p=0.006), sought treatment before coming into clinics (OR 0.07, 95% CI 0.002 to 0.7, p=0.005) and being unqualified worker (OR 2.5, 95% CI 0.9 to 6.7 p=0.05). Multivariate analyses revealed that increased days with ulcers (OR 0.1, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.5, p=0.002) and ulcer pain intensity (OR 0.08, 95% CI 0.007 to 1.1, p=0.05) remained significantly associated with decreased odds of TV infection. Men from the Sotho ethnic group were eight times more likely to have TV infection (OR 8.6, 95% CI 1.3 to 55.7, p<0.02) than men from the other ethnic groups.ConclusionHIV-positive men with severe ulceration should be screened and treated for TV to minimise HIV transmission to uninfected partners.
Neighbouring green space and mortality in community-dwelling elderly Hong Kong Chinese: a cohort study
Authors: Wang Dan , Lau Kevin Ka-Lun , Yu Ruby , Wong Samuel Y S , Kwok Timothy T Y , Woo Jean 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveGreen space has been shown to be beneficial for human wellness through multiple pathways. This study aimed to explore the contributions of neighbouring green space to cause-specific mortality.MethodsData from 3544 Chinese men and women (aged ≥65 years at baseline) in a community-based cohort study were analysed. Outcome measures, identified from the death registry, were death from all-cause, respiratory system disease, circulatory system disease. The quantity of green space (%) within a 300 m radius buffer was calculated for each subject from a map created based on the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index. Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for demographics, socioeconomics, lifestyle, health conditions and housing type were used to estimate the HRs and 95% CIs.ResultsDuring a mean of 10.3 years of follow-up, 795 deaths were identified. Our findings showed that a 10% increase in coverage of green space was significantly associated with a reduction in all-cause mortality (HR 0.963, 95% CI 0.930 to 0.998), circulatory system-caused mortality (HR 0.887, 95% CI 0.817 to 0.963) and stroke-caused mortality (HR 0.661, 95% CI 0.524 to 0.835), independent of age, sex, marital status, years lived in Hong Kong, education level, socioeconomic ladder, smoking, alcohol intake, diet quality, self-rated health and housing type. The inverse associations between coverage of green space with all-cause mortality (HR 0.964, 95% CI 0.931 to 0.999) and circulatory system disease-caused mortality (HR 0.888, 95% CI 0.817 to 0.964) were attenuated when the models were further adjusted for physical activity and cognitive function. The effects of green space on all-cause and circulatory system-caused mortality tended to be stronger in females than in males.ConclusionHigher coverage of green space was associated with reduced risks of all-cause mortality, circulatory system-caused mortality and stroke-caused mortality in Chinese older people living in a highly urbanised city.
The child's perspective on discomfort during medical research procedures: a descriptive study
Authors: Staphorst Mira S , Benninga Marc A , Bisschoff Margriet , Bon Irma , Busschbach Jan J V , Diederen Kay , van Goudoever Johannes B , Haarman Eric G , Hunfeld Joke A M , Jaddoe Vincent V W , de Jong Karin J M , de Jongste Johan C , Kindermann Angelika , Königs Marsh , Oosterlaan Jaap , Passchier Jan , Pijnenburg Mariëlle W , Reneman Liesbeth , Ridder Lissy de , Tamminga Hyke G , Tiemeier Henning W , Timman Reinier , van de Vathorst Suzanne 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveThe evaluation of discomfort in paediatric research is scarcely evidence-based. In this study, we make a start in describing children's self-reported discomfort during common medical research procedures and compare this with discomfort during dental check-ups which can be considered as a reference level of a ‘minimal discomfort’ medical procedure. We exploratory study whether there are associations between age, anxiety-proneness, gender, medical condition, previous experiences and discomfort. We also describe children's suggestions for reducing discomfort.DesignCross-sectional descriptive study.SettingPaediatric research at three academic hospitals.Patients357 children with and without illnesses (8–18 years, mean=10.6 years) were enrolled: 307 from paediatric research studies and 50 from dental care.Main outcome measuresWe measured various generic forms of discomfort (nervousness, annoyance, pain, fright, boredom, tiredness) due to six common research procedures: buccal swabs, MRI scans, pulmonary function tests, skin prick tests, ultrasound imaging and venepunctures.ResultsMost children reported limited discomfort during the research procedures (means: 1–2.6 on a scale from 1 to 5). Compared with dental check-ups, buccal swab tests, skin prick tests and ultrasound imaging were less discomforting, while MRI scans, venepunctures and pulmonary function tests caused a similar degree of discomfort. 60.3% of the children suggested providing distraction by showing movies to reduce discomfort. The exploratory analyses suggested a positive association between anxiety-proneness and discomfort.ConclusionsThe findings of this study support the acceptability of participation of children in the studied research procedures, which stimulates evidence-based research practice. Furthermore, the present study can be considered as a first step in providing benchmarks for discomfort of procedures in paediatric research.
Prevalence of HIV at the Kokoyo informal gold mining site: what lies behind the glitter of gold with regard to HIV epidemics in Mali? A community-based approach (the ANRS-12339 Sanu Gundo cross-sectional survey)
Authors: Sagaon-Teyssier Luis , Balique Hubert , Diallo Fodié , Kalampalikis Nikos , Mora Marion , Bourrelly Michel , Suzan-Monti Marie , Spire Bruno , Dembélé Keita Bintou 
Published: August 2017

ObjectivesThe aim of this article was to estimate HIV prevalence and the factors associated with HIV seropositivity in the population living and working at the informal artisanal small-scale gold mining (IASGM) site of Kokoyo in Mali, using data from the Sanu Gundo survey. Our main hypothesis was that HIV prevalence is higher in the context of IASGM than in the country as a whole.DesignThe ANRS-12339 Sanu Gundo was a cross-sectional survey conducted in December 2015. The quantitative survey consisted of face-to-face administration of questionnaires. Five focus groups were conducted for the qualitative survey. HIV prevalence was calculated for the sample, and according to the type of activity performed in IASGM.SettingsThe IASGM site of Kokoyo, one of the largest sites in Mali (between 6000 and 1000 people).Participants224 respondents: 37.5% were gold-diggers, 33% retail traders, 6.7%tombolomas(ie, traditional guards) and 9% female sex workers. The remaining 13.8% reported another activity (mainly street vending).Primary and secondary outcome measuresHIV prevalence and HIV prevalence according to subgroup, as defined by their activity at the Kokoyo IASGM. A probit logistic regression was implemented to estimate the characteristics associated with HIV seropositivity.ResultsHIV prevalence for the total sample was 8% (95% CI 7.7% to 8.3%), which is much higher than the 2015 national prevalence of 1.3%Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). The probability of HIV seropositivity was 7.8% (p=0.037) higher for female non-sex workers than for any other category, and this probability increased significantly with age. Qualitative data revealed the non-systematic use of condoms with sex workers; and long distance from health services was the main barrier to accessing care.ConclusionsIntegrated policymaking should pay special attention to infectious diseases among populations in IASGM zones. Bringing information/prevention activities closer to people working in gold mining zones is an urgent public health action.
Incidence and prevalence of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) among adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D): a systematic literature review
Authors: Farsani Soulmaz Fazeli , Brodovicz Kimberly , Soleymanlou Nima , Marquard Jan , Wissinger Erika , Maiese Brett A 
Published: August 2017

ObjectivesTo summarise incidence and prevalence of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) for the overall patient population and different subgroups (age, sex, geographical region, ethnicity and type of insulin administration).DesignSystematic literature review (SLR).Data sourcesMedline (via PubMed) and Embase (1 January 2000 to 23 June 2016).Study selectionPeer-reviewed observational studies with reported data on the incidence or prevalence of DKA in T1D adults were included. A single reviewer completed the study screening and selection process and a second reviewer performed an additional screening of approximately 20% of the publications; two reviewers independently conducted the quality assessment; the results were narratively synthesised.ResultsOut of 1082 articles, 19 met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, with two additional studies identified that did not specify the patient age range and are therefore not included in the SLR. Overall, eight studies reported incidence with a range of 0–56 per 1000 person-years (PYs), with one outlying study reporting an incidence of 263 per 1000 PYs. Eleven studies reported prevalence with a range of 0–128 per 1000 people. Prevalence of DKA decreased with increasing age. Subgroup analyses were performed using data from no more than two studies per subgroup. There was a higher prevalence of DKA reported in women, non-whites and patients treated with insulin injections compared with men, whites and patients using continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion pumps, respectively.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first SLR on the epidemiology of DKA in T1D adults. Despite an increasing prevalence of T1D in recent years, DKA in adults has been poorly characterised. In an era when the benefit–risk profiles of new antidiabetic therapies are being evaluated, including the potential risk of DKA, there is a clear need to better elucidate the expected rate of DKA among T1D adults.