bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a practice framework for improving nurses’ responses to intimate partner violence
Authors: Bradbury‐Jones Caroline , Clark Maria T , Parry Jayne , Taylor Julie 
Published: June 2016

Aims and objectivesThe aim of this article is to discuss critically the theoretical concepts of awareness, recognition and empowerment as manifested in intimate partner violence and to show how these can be translated into a practice framework for improving nurses’ response.BackgroundIntimate partner violence is a universal problem and is considered a significant public health issue. Nurses are in an ideal position to recognise and respond to intimate partner violence, but many lack confidence in this area of practice. In our previous empirical work, we identified three concepts through which nurses’ responses to intimate partner violence can be understood: awareness, recognition and empowerment. In this article, we advance nursing knowledge by showing how these concepts can form a practice framework to improve nurses’ responses to intimate partner violence.DesignA discussion paper and development of a practice framework to improve nurses’ responses to intimate partner violence.DiscussionThe framework comprises three principal needs of women and three related key requirements for nurses to meet these needs. Arising from these are a range of practice outcomes: enhanced understanding of intimate partner violence, increased confidence in recognising intimate partner violence, establishment of trusting relationships, increased likelihood of disclosure and optimised safety.ConclusionsNurses sometimes lack confidence in recognising and responding to intimate partner violence. Awareness, recognition and empowerment are important concepts that can form the basis of a framework to support them. When nurses feel empowered to respond to intimate partner violence, they can work together with women to optimise their safety.Relevance to clinical practiceAccess to adequate and timely intimate partner violence education and training is important in improving nurses’ responses to intimate partner violence. Getting this right can lead to enhanced safety planning and better health outcomes for women who experience intimate partner violence. Although difficult to measure as an outcome, nurses’ improved responses can contribute to higher rates of referral for help and reduction in intimate partner violence rates.
Motives that head and neck cancer patients have for contacting a specialist nurse – an empirical study
Authors: Salander Pär , Isaksson Joakim , Granström Brith , Laurell Göran 
Published: June 2016

Aims and objectivesThe purpose of this study is to systematically explore the motives for patients with head and neck cancer to contact a specialist nurse during two years postdiagnosis.BackgroundResearch focusing on the role of specialist nurses in cancer care almost exclusively concern cancers other than head and neck cancer.DesignQualitative, descriptive study based on the contacts between patients with head and neck cancer and a specialist nurse.MethodsPatients were invited to contact a specialist nurse by telephone. The specialist nurse took systematic field notes, that is, she registered who contacted her, the nature of the call and the outcome. Sixty patients were included.ResultsIn descending order, the motives for contact were questions about practical and uncomplicated matters, consultations about medical troubles/worries, presenting a report of the patient's situation, requests for additional information about the treatment plan and requests for medical information. The pattern of the patients' motivations for calling was not related to medical or social factors, suggesting that the initiative to make contact is very much a question of the complexity of individual life circumstances. Very few referrals were sent from the specialist nurse to other professionals.ConclusionsThe specialist nurse turned out to be more than just a coordinator of health‐care resources. The findings bring up questions about the potential of the nurse's function as a coordinator, but also as a potential attachment figure, and questions about the nurse's relationships to other professionals.Relevance to clinical practiceWhen implementing a specialist nurse function, it is important to decide whether the function should be inspired by a broader relational perspective. In addition to the indispensible competence and experience in the clinical field of head and neck cancer, training in counselling and acquaintance with object‐relational psychology will then be desirable.
Qualified nurses' rate new nursing graduates as lacking skills in key clinical areas
Authors: Missen Karen , McKenna Lisa , Beauchamp Alison , Larkins Jo‐Ann 
Published: June 2016

Aims and objectivesThe aim of this study was to explore perceptions of qualified nurses on the abilities of newly registered nursing graduates to perform a variety of clinical skills.BackgroundEvidence from the literature suggests that undergraduate nursing programmes do not adequately prepare nursing students to be practice‐ready on completion of their nursing courses.DesignA descriptive quantitative design was used.MethodsParticipants were recruited through the Australian Nursing and Midwifery Federation, Victorian branch. A brief explanation of the study and a link to the survey were promoted in their monthly e‐newsletter. A total of 245 qualified nurses in the state of Victoria, Australia participated in this study. A survey tool of 51 clinical skills and open‐ended questions was used, whereby participants were asked to rate new nursing graduates' abilities using a 5‐point Likert scale.ResultsOverall participants rated new nursing graduates' abilities for undertaking clinical skills as good or very good in 35·3% of skills, 33·3% were rated as adequate and 31·4% rated as being performed poorly or very poorly. Of concern, essential clinical skills, such as critical thinking and problem solving, working independently and assessment procedures, were found to be poorly executed and affecting new registered nurses graduates' competence.ConclusionThe findings from this study can further serve as a reference for nursing education providers to enhance nursing curricula and work collaboratively with healthcare settings in preparing nurses to be competent, safe practitioners on completion of their studies.Relevance to clinical practiceIdentifying key areas in which new nursing graduates are not yet competent means that educational providers and educators from healthcare settings can focus on these skills in better preparing our nurses to be work ready.
Pharmacokinetics and local tolerance of cefovecin sodium after intra‐articular administration in horses
Authors: Pérez‐Nogués M. , Encinas T. , López‐SanRoman J. 
Published: June 2016

Searching for new therapeutic options against septic arthritis in horses, this research was focused on the study of the kinetics and local side effects after the intra‐articular treatment of horses with cefovecin sodium. A single dose (240 mg) of the drug (Convenia®) was administered into the radiocarpal joint of adult healthy horses (n = 6), and drug concentrations in plasma and synovial fluid were determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Local tolerance was also studied based on the modification of different joint physiopathological parameters (pH, cellular, and protein concentration in synovial fluid). Although no clinically relevant joint damage was noticed, significant increases in the protein concentrations at 5 min and in the cellular concentration at 30 min after cefovecin administration were observed in the treated radiocarpal joints. The duration of the cefovecin above the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) ≤1 μg/mLwas 28.80 ± 2.58 h in the radiocarpal joint and 16.00 ± 2.86 h in plasma. The results of this study showed that intra‐articular administration of cefovecin sodium in horses could be considered in the future to manage septic arthritis in horses, as it offers a good pharmacokinetic behavior and good local tolerance.
Effect of benazepril and robenacoxib and their combination on glomerular filtration rate in dogs
Authors: Panteri A. , Kukk A. , Desevaux C. , Seewald W. , King J. N. 
Published: June 2016

Combined use of angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors and nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs may induce acute kidney injury, especially when combined with diuretics. The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of benazepril, robenacoxib and their combination in healthy dogs. In each of two studies (studies 1 and 2), 32 beagle dogs were randomized into one of four groups in a parallel‐group design. Groups received once‐daily oral treatment for 7 days with placebo, benazepril, robenacoxib or benazepril plus robenacoxib. In study 2, all dogs received additionally 2 mg/kg furosemide orally twice daily. The primary endpoint was the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimated from the plasma clearance of iohexol. Secondary endpoints included standard clinical monitoring and, in study 2, plasma renin activity, urine volume, specific gravity and aldosterone concentration and water intake. Administration of furosemide induced diuresis, reducedGFRand activated the renin–aldosterone–angiotensin system. Benazepril and robenacoxib, administered alone or in combination, were tolerated well, did not decreaseGFRwith or without co‐administration of furosemide and significantly reduced urinary aldosterone concentrations. No increased risk of acute kidney injury was identified with the combination of benazepril and robenacoxib in healthy dogs. Different effects might occur in dogs with heart or renal disease.
Pharmacokinetic study of meropenem in healthy beagle dogs receiving intermittent hemodialysis
Authors: Byun S. Y. , Jeong J. W. , Choi J. H. , Lee K. P. , Youn H. Y. , Maeng H. J. , Song K. H. , Koo T. S. , Seo K. W. 
Published: June 2016

Meropenem, a second carbapenem antimicrobial agent with a broad spectrum of activity, is used to treat sepsis and resistant‐bacterial infections in veterinary medicine. The objective of this study was to identify the pharmacokinetics of meropenem in dogs receiving intermittent hemodialysis (IHD) and to determine the proper dosing in renal failure patients receiving IHD. Five healthy beagle dogs were given a single i.v. dose of 24 mg/kg of meropenem and received IHD. The blood flow rate, dialysate flow, and ultrafiltration rate were maintained at 40 mL/min, 300 mL/min, and 40 mL/h, respectively. Blood samples were collected for 24 h from the jugular vein and from the extracorporeal arterial and venous line. Urine samples and dialysate were also collected. The concentrations of meropenem were assayed using HPLC/MS/MS determination. The peak plasma concentration was 116 ± 37 μg/mL at 15 min. The systemic clearance was 347 ± 117 mL/h/kg, and the steady‐state volume of distribution was 223 ± 67 mL/kg. Dialysis clearance was 71.1 ± 34.3 mL/h/kg, and the extraction ratio by hemodialysis was 0.455 ± 0.150. The half‐life (T1/2) in dogs with IHD decreased compared with those without IHD, and the reduction in T1/2 was greater in renal failure patients than in normal patients. Sixty‐nine percent and 21% of the administered drug were recovered by urine and dialysate in the unchanged form, respectively. In conclusion, additional dosing of 24 mg/kg of meropenem after dialysis could be necessary according to the residual renal function of the patient based on the simulated data.
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of pergolide mesylate following long‐term administration to horses with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction
Authors: McFarlane D. , Banse H. , Knych H. K. , Maxwell L. K. 
Published: June 2016

The objective of this study was to gain an understanding of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of pergolide in horses with PPID after of long‐term oral administration. Six horses with confirmed PPID were treated with pergolide (Prascend®) at 1 mg/horse po q24 h for 2 months, followed by 2 mg/horse po q24 h for 4 months. Following the last dose, plasma samples were collected for measurement of pergolide using an LC/MS/MS method and ACTH measurement using a chemiluminescent immunoassay. Noncompartmental and compartmental pharmacokinetic analyses were performed, as well as pharmacodynamic assessment of the effect of plasma pergolide concentrations on plasma ACTH concentrations. Pergolide effectively decreased plasma ACTH concentration in aged horses with PPID, with similar pharmacokinetic properties as reported in young horses, including an approximate terminal half‐life of 24 h. Plasma ACTH concentration increased by 50% in 3/6 horses at 2 days and 6/6 horses 10 days after discontinuing drug administration. Pergolide was quantified in all horses at 2 days and in none at 10 days after last dose. In summary, after discontinuing pergolide treatment, plasma ACTH concentration increased while pergolide was still quantifiable in some horses. Once‐daily dosing of pergolide is likely appropriate in most horses with PPID for regulating the plasma ACTH concentration.
Functional compartmentalization of Rad9 and Hus1 reveals diverse assembly of the 9‐1‐1 complex components during the DNA damage response in Leishmania
Authors: Damasceno Jeziel D. , Obonaga Ricardo , Santos Elaine V. , Scott Alan , McCulloch Richard , Tosi Luiz R. O. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryThe Rad9‐Rad1‐Hus1 (9‐1‐1) complex is a key component in the coordination of DNA damage sensing, cell cycle progression and DNA repair pathways in eukaryotic cells. This PCNA‐related trimer is loaded onto RPA‐coated single stranded DNA and interacts with ATR kinase to mediate effective checkpoint signaling to halt the cell cycle and to promote DNA repair. Beyond these core activities, mounting evidence suggests that a broader range of functions can be provided by 9‐1‐1 structural diversification. The protozoan parasite Leishmania is an early‐branching eukaryote with a remarkably plastic genome, which hints at peculiar genome maintenance mechanisms. Here, we investigated the existence of homologs of the 9‐1‐1 complex subunits in L. major and found that LmRad9 and LmRad1 associate with chromatin in response to replication stress and form a complex in vivo with LmHus1. Similar to LmHus1, LmRad9 participates in telomere homeostasis and in the response to both replication stress and double strand breaks. However, LmRad9 and LmHus1‐deficient cells present markedly opposite phenotypes, which suggest their functional compartmentalization. We show that some of the cellular pool of LmRad9 forms an alternative complex and that some of LmHus1 exists as a monomer. We propose that the diverse assembly of the Leishmania 9‐1‐1 subunits mediates functional compartmentalization, which has a direct impact on the response to genotoxic stress.
Plum pox virus capsid protein suppresses plant pathogen‐associated molecular pattern (PAMP)‐triggered immunity
Authors: Nicaise Valerie , Candresse Thierry 
Published: June 2016

SummaryThe perception of pathogen‐associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by immune receptors launches defence mechanisms referred to as PAMP‐triggered immunity (PTI). Successful pathogens must suppress PTI pathways via the action of effectors to efficiently colonize their hosts. So far, plant PTI has been reported to be active against most classes of pathogens, except viruses, although this defence layer has been hypothesized recently as an active part of antiviral immunity which needs to be suppressed by viruses for infection success. Here, we report that Arabidopsis PTI genes are regulated upon infection by viruses and contribute to plant resistance to Plum pox virus (PPV). Our experiments further show that PPV suppresses two early PTI responses, the oxidative burst and marker gene expression, during Arabidopsis infection. In planta expression of PPV capsid protein (CP) was found to strongly impair these responses in Nicotiana benthamiana and Arabidopsis, revealing its PTI suppressor activity. In summary, we provide the first clear evidence that plant viruses acquired the ability to suppress PTI mechanisms via the action of effectors, highlighting a novel strategy employed by viruses to escape plant defences.
Dissecting the multifunctional role of the N‐terminal domain of the Melon necrotic spot virus coat protein in RNA packaging, viral movement and interference with antiviral plant defence
Authors: Serra‐Soriano Marta , Antonio Navarro José , Pallás Vicente 
Published: June 2016

SummaryThe coat protein (CP) of Melon necrotic spot virus (MNSV) is structurally composed of three major domains. The middle S‐domain builds a robust protein shell around the viral genome, whereas the C‐terminal protruding domain, or P‐domain, is involved in the attachment of virions to the transmission vector. Here, we have shown that the N‐terminal domain, or R‐domain, and the arm region, which connects the R‐domain and S‐domain, are involved in different key steps of the viral cycle, such as cell‐to‐cell movement and the suppression of RNA silencing and pathogenesis through their RNA‐binding capabilities. Deletion mutants revealed that the CP RNA‐binding ability was abolished only after complete, but not partial, deletion of the R‐domain and the arm region. However, a comparison of the apparent dissociation constants for the CP RNA‐binding reaction of several partial deletion mutants showed that the arm region played a more relevant role than the R‐domain in in vitro RNA binding. Similar results were obtained in in vivo assays, although, in this case, full‐length CPs were required to encapsidate full‐length genomes. We also found that the R‐domain carboxyl portion and the arm region were essential for efficient cell‐to‐cell movement, for enhancement of Potato virus X pathogenicity, for suppression of systemic RNA silencing and for binding of small RNAs. Therefore, unlike other carmovirus CPs, the R‐domain and the arm region of MNSV CP have acquired, in addition to other essential functions such as genome binding and encapsidation functions, the ability to suppress RNA silencing by preventing systemic small RNA transport.
Contrasting biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationships in phylogenetic and functional diversity
Authors: Steudel Bastian , Hallmann Christine , Lorenz Maike , Abrahamczyk Stefan , Prinz Kathleen , Herrfurth Cornelia , Feussner Ivo , Martini Johannes W. R. , Kessler Michael 
Published: June 2016

Summary

It is well known that ecosystem functioning is positively influenced by biodiversity. Most biodiversity–ecosystem functioning experiments have measured biodiversity based on species richness or phylogenetic relationships. However, theoretical and empirical evidence suggests that ecosystem functioning should be more closely related to functional diversity than to species richness.

We applied different metrics of biodiversity in an artificial biodiversity–ecosystem functioning experiment using 64 species of green microalgae in combinations of two to 16 species.

We found that phylogenetic and functional diversity were positively correlated with biomass overyield, driven by their strong correlation with species richness. At low species richness, no significant correlation between overyield and functional and phylogenetic diversity was found. However, at high species richness (16 species), we found a positive relationship of overyield with functional diversity and a negative relationship with phylogenetic diversity.

We show that negative phylogenetic diversity–ecosystem functioning relationships can result from interspecific growth inhibition. The opposing performances of facilitation (functional diversity) and inhibition (phylogenetic diversity) we observed at the 16 species level suggest that phylogenetic diversity is not always a good proxy for functional diversity and that results from experiments with low species numbers may underestimate negative species interactions.
Association mapping identifies markers related to major early‐maturating traits in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
Authors: Li Cheng‐Qi , Xu Xin‐Juan , Dong Na , Ai Ni‐Jiang , Wang Qing‐Lian 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAssociation mapping is a promising tool to identify genes for quantitative traits. A total of 172 upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) accessions were assessed. The panel was phenotyped for four major early‐maturating traits across multiple environments and genotyped using 331 polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The gene diversity of the 331 markers averaged 0.40 (range: 0.04–0.78), and the polymorphism information content (PIC) averaged 0.34 (range: 0.04–0.75). Thirty‐nine significant markers related to early‐maturating traits were simultaneously detected in at least two environments. Among the 39 markers, 11 for seed period (SP), seven for bud period (BP), six for flower and boll period (FBP), and 15 for growth period (GP). These markers were stable and could be used for marker‐assisted selection (MAS). Favourable alleles for SP, BP, FBP and GP were explored. These alleles can be directly used in MAS to improve cotton early maturity. This study lays the foundation for analysing the genetic mechanisms underlying early maturity, as well as the use of MAS to target traits in cotton.
Adapting Animal‐Assisted Therapy Trials to Prison‐Based Animal Programs
Authors: Allison Molly , Ramaswamy Megha 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPrison‐based animal programs have shown promise when it comes to increased sociability, responsibility, and levels of patience for inmates who participate in these programs. Yet there remains a dearth of scientific research that demonstrates the impact of prison‐based animal programs on inmates' physical and mental health. Trials of animal‐assisted therapy interventions, a form of human‐animal interaction therapy most often used with populations affected by depression/anxiety, mental illness, and trauma, may provide models of how prison‐based animal program research can have widespread implementation in jail and prison settings, whose populations have high rates of mental health problems. This paper reviews the components of prison‐based animal programs most commonly practiced in prisons today, presents five animal‐assisted therapy case studies, evaluates them based on their adaptability to prison‐based animal programs, and discusses the institutional constraints that act as barriers for rigorous prison‐based animal program research implementation. This paper can serve to inform the development of a research approach to animal‐assisted therapy that nurses and other public health researchers can use in working with correctional populations.