bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics of RP5063 Following Single Doses to Normal Healthy Volunteers and Multiple Doses Over 10 Days to Stable Schizophrenic Patients
Authors: Cantillon Marc , Ings Robert , Bhat Laxminarayan 
Published: November 2017

AbstractRP5063, a multimodal dopamine (D)–serotonin (5‐HT) stabilizer, possesses high affinity for D2/3/4 and 5‐HT1A/2A/2B/2C/6/7 receptors and moderate affinity for the serotonin transporter. Two phase I studies characterized the pharmacokinetics of a single dose (10 and 15 mg fasting, 15 mg fed/fasting) in healthy volunteers and multiple doses (10, 20, 50, and 100 mg fed) over 10 days in patients with stable schizophrenia. RP5063 displayed a dose‐dependent Cmax at 4 to 6 h, linear dose proportionality for both Cmax and AUC, and a half‐life between 40 and 71 h. In the single‐dose study, food slightly increased the extent of drug absorption. In the multiple‐dose study, steady‐state was approached after 120 h of daily dosing. Pooled data in the single‐dose study indicate that the pharmacokinetic profile appears to be comparable between Japanese and Caucasians. RP5063 appears to have a straightforward pharmacokinetic profile that supports for phase II and III evaluation as a once‐daily oral administered agent.
Identification of oestrogen, progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 expression in mediastinal metastases of breast cancer obtained by endobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration
Authors: Serra P. , Sanz‐Santos J. , Castellà E. , Cirauqui B. , Andreo F. , Llatjós M. , Avila M. , Margelí M. , Serrano L. , Centeno C. , Quiroga V. , Torky M. , Ruiz‐Manzano J. 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundIn breast cancer patients, the expression statuses of oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) are crucial in the choice of treatment. Receptor expression in metastatic lesions can differ from the primary tumour. The aim of our study was to analyse the utility of endobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS‐TBNA) to obtain samples allowing the identification of ER, PR and HER2 expression in patients with mediastinal metastases of breast cancer.Patients and methodsThe clinical files of all patients with a final diagnosis of breast cancer mediastinal metastases diagnosed by EBUS‐TBNA in our institution were retrospectively analysed. The ability of EBUS‐TBNA to obtain samples that allowed hormone receptor and HER2 expression analysis was calculated.ResultsTwenty‐four patients were included. ER, PR and HER2 assessments could be performed in 22, 20 and 22 patients, respectively. In 20 of the 24 patients it was possible to investigate all three types of receptor expression. In the remaining four cases, where ER, PR or HER2 expression tests could not be performed, it was due to a lack of tissue. In cases with adequate results for EBUS‐TBNA and the primary tumour agreement was greater for ER (16/19) and HER2 (12/14) than PR (8/17). Based on receptor status, there was a change in the choice of treatment for five patients.ConclusionIn patients with breast cancer mediastinal metastases, ER, PR and HER2 expression can be assessed in samples obtained by EBUS‐TBNA whenever a sufficient tissue sample is collected.
Enough space in a warmer world? Microhabitat diversity and small‐scale distribution of alpine plants on mountain summits
Authors: Kulonen Aino , Imboden Rachel A. , Rixen Christian , Maier Sheila B. , Wipf Sonja 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAimGlobal warming is predicted to shift distributions of mountain species upwards, driven by a release from climatic restrictions at their upper distribution limit and increased biotic pressure at their lower distribution limit. In alpine ecosystems, which are characterized by large microclimatic diversity and sparse vegetation cover, the relative importance of abiotic and biotic drivers for species distribution is poorly understood. To disentangle abiotic and biotic mechanisms affecting distributions of alpine species, we investigated how alpine plant species with differing elevational ranges and frequency trends over the past century differ in their microhabitat distribution, and how they respond to neighbouring vegetation.LocationA total of 11 summits (2635—3410 m a.s.l.) in SE‐Switzerland.MethodsWe quantified the microscale abundance of 12 species in relation to biogeographic (frequency trend, i.e., change in occurrences over the past century, and elevational range on summits) and local microhabitat characteristics (temperature, substrate type). We assessed species size traits in relation to neighbouring vegetation characteristics to investigate possible neighbour interactions.ResultsSpecies with increasing frequency on summits over the past century were most abundant on scree and warmer slopes. Species with negative or stable frequency trends on summits were more abundant on organic soil and colder slopes. The preferred microhabitats of the latter were rarest overall, decreased with increasing elevation, and had the most competitive neighbours. Size of one high‐alpine specialist, Ranunculus glacialis was negatively related to cover of neighbouring vegetation, whereas other species showed no response to neighbours.Main conclusionsLong‐term frequency trends of species correlate with their microhabitat association. Species with most negative frequency trends show preferences for the rarest microhabitat conditions, where they likely experience higher competitive pressure in a warming climate. This finding emphasizes the importance of characterizing microhabitat associations and microclimatic diversity to assess present and future distributions of alpine plant species.
Prevalence and risk factors for autism spectrum disorder in epilepsy: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Strasser Lauren , Downes Michelle , Kung Jane , Cross J Helen , De Haan Michelle 
Published: November 2017

AimTo assess the prevalence and risk factors for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in epilepsy, and to better understand the relationship and comorbidity between these disorders.MethodPsychINFO and PubMed were searched for articles published in the past 15 years that examined the prevalence of ASD in individuals with epilepsy.ResultsA total of 19 studies were found with a pooled ASD prevalence of 6.3% in epilepsy. When divided by type, the risks of ASD for general epilepsy, infantile spasms, focal seizures, and Dravet syndrome were 4.7%, 19.9%, 41.9%, and 47.4% respectively. Studies with populations under 18 years showed a 13.2 times greater risk of ASD than study populations over 18 years, and samples with most (>50%) individuals with intellectual disability showed a greater risk 4.9 times higher than study populations with a minority of individuals with intellectual disability. The main risk factors for ASD reported in the 19 studies included presence of intellectual disability, sex, age, and symptomatic aetiology of epilepsy.InterpretationCurrent research supports a high prevalence of ASD in epilepsy. This study helps to define the clinical profile of patients with epilepsy who are at risk for ASD, which may help clinicians in early screening and diagnosis of ASD in this population.What this paper adds

Critical evaluation of previous studies examining the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in individuals with epilepsy.

A meta‐analysis of 19 studies showed a pooled ASD prevalence of 6.3% in individuals with epilepsy.

Studies that included a majority of individuals with intellectual disability or younger population age had a higher prevalence of autism.

Risk factors reported in studies included presence of intellectual disability, sex, age, and symptomatic epilepsy origin.
Simulation training for medical emergencies in the dental setting using an inexpensive software application
Authors: Kishimoto N. , Mukai N. , Honda Y. , Hirata Y. , Tanaka M. , Momota Y. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIntroductionEvery dental provider needs to be educated about medical emergencies to provide safe dental care. Simulation training is available with simulators such as advanced life support manikins and robot patients. However, the purchase and development costs of these simulators are high. We have developed a simulation training course on medical emergencies using an inexpensive software application. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the educational effectiveness of this course.Materials and MethodsFifty‐one dental providers participated in this study from December 2014 to March 2015. Medical simulation software was used to simulate a patient's vital signs. We evaluated participants' ability to diagnose and treat vasovagal syncope or anaphylaxis with an evaluation sheet and conducted a questionnaire before and after the scenario‐based simulation training.ResultsThe median evaluation sheet score for vasovagal syncope increased significantly from 7/9 before to 9/9 after simulation training. The median score for anaphylaxis also increased significantly from 8/12 to 12/12 (P < .01). For the item “I can treat vasovagal syncope/anaphylaxis adequately,” the percentage responding “Strongly agree” or “Agree” increased from 14% to 56% for vasovagal syncope and from 6% to 42% for anaphylaxis with simulation training.ConclusionsThis simulation course improved participants' ability to diagnose and treat medical emergencies and improved their confidence. This course can be offered inexpensively using a software application.
Copepod dynamics across warm and cold periods in the eastern Bering Sea: Implications for walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) and the Oscillating Control Hypothesis
Authors: Kimmel David G. , Eisner Lisa B. , Wilson Matthew T. , Duffy‐Anderson Janet T. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDifferences in zooplankton populations in relation to climate have been explored extensively on the southeastern Bering Sea shelf, specifically in relation to recruitment of the commercially important species walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus). We addressed two research questions in this study: (i) Does the relative abundance of individual copepod species life history stages differ across warm and cold periods and (ii) Do estimated secondary production rates for copepods differ across warm and cold periods? For most copepod species, warmer conditions resulted in increased abundances in May, the opposite was observed in colder conditions. Abundances of smaller‐sized copepod species did not differ significantly between the warm and cold periods, whereas abundances of larger‐sized Calanus spp. increased during the cold period during July and September. Estimated secondary production rates in the warm period were highest in May for smaller‐sized copepods; production in the cold period was dominated by the larger‐sized Calanus spp. in July and September. We hypothesize that these observed patterns are a function of temperature‐driven changes in phenology combined with shifts in size‐based trophic relationships with primary producers. Based on this hypothesis, we present a conceptual model that builds upon the Oscillating Control Hypothesis to explain how variability in copepod production links to pollock variability. Specifically, fluctuations in spring sea‐ice drive regime‐dependent copepod production over the southeastern Bering Sea, but greatest impacts to upper trophic levels are driven by cascading July/September differences in copepod production.
Carbon cycle confidence and uncertainty: Exploring variation among soil biogeochemical models
Authors: Wieder William R. , Hartman Melannie D. , Sulman Benjamin N. , Wang Ying‐Ping , Koven Charles D. , Bonan Gordon B. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractEmerging insights into factors responsible for soil organic matter stabilization and decomposition are being applied in a variety of contexts, but new tools are needed to facilitate the understanding, evaluation, and improvement of soil biogeochemical theory and models at regional to global scales. To isolate the effects of model structural uncertainty on the global distribution of soil carbon stocks and turnover times we developed a soil biogeochemical testbed that forces three different soil models with consistent climate and plant productivity inputs. The models tested here include a first‐order, microbial implicit approach (CASA‐CNP), and two recently developed microbially explicit models that can be run at global scales (MIMICS and CORPSE). When forced with common environmental drivers, the soil models generated similar estimates of initial soil carbon stocks (roughly 1,400 Pg C globally, 0–100 cm), but each model shows a different functional relationship between mean annual temperature and inferred turnover times. Subsequently, the models made divergent projections about the fate of these soil carbon stocks over the 20th century, with models either gaining or losing over 20 Pg C globally between 1901 and 2010. Single‐forcing experiments with changed inputs, temperature, and moisture suggest that uncertainty associated with freeze‐thaw processes as well as soil textural effects on soil carbon stabilization were larger than direct temperature uncertainties among models. Finally, the models generated distinct projections about the timing and magnitude of seasonal heterotrophic respiration rates, again reflecting structural uncertainties that were related to environmental sensitivities and assumptions about physicochemical stabilization of soil organic matter. By providing a computationally tractable and numerically consistent framework to evaluate models we aim to better understand uncertainties among models and generate insights about factors regulating the turnover of soil organic matter.
User experience and care for older people transitioning from hospital to home: Patients’ and carers’ perspectives
Authors: Allen Jacqueline , Hutchinson Alison M. , Brown Rhonda , Livingston Patricia M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundTransitioning from hospital to home is challenging for many older people living with chronic health conditions. Transitional care facilitates safe and timely transfer of patients between levels of care and across care settings and includes communication between practitioners, assessment and planning, preparation, medication reconciliation, follow‐up care and self‐management education. To date, there is limited understanding of how to actively involve care recipient service users in transitional care.ObjectiveThis study was part of a larger research project. The objective of this article was to report the first study phase, in which we aimed to describe user experience pertaining to patients and carers.Design, setting and participantsThe study design was qualitative descriptive using interviews. Patients (n = 19) and carers (n = 7) participated in semi‐structured interviews about their experience of transition from hospital to home in an urban Australian health‐care setting. Interview data were analysed using thematic analysis.FindingsAll participants reported that they needed to become independent in transition. Participants perceived a range of social processes supported their independence at home: supportive relationships with carers, caring relationships with health‐care practitioners, seeking information, discussing and negotiating the transitional care plan and learning to self‐care.DiscussionFindings contribute to our understanding that quality transitional care should focus on patients’ need to regain independence. Social processes supporting the capacities of patients and carers should be emphasized in future initiatives.ConclusionFuture transitional care interventions should emphasize strategies to enable negotiation for suitable supports and assist care recipients to overcome barriers identified in this study.
Divergent demographic patterns and perspectives for conservation of endemic species in extreme environments: a case study of the springsnail Melanopsis etrusca (Gastropoda: Melanopsidae)
Authors: Bartolini Fabrizio , Aquiloni Laura , Nisi Barbara , Nuccio Caterina , Vaselli Orlando , Cianfanelli Simone 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe studied the distribution, size structure, growth, and diet of the freshwater prosobranch Melanopsis etrusca in experimental and natural population samples. This snail is endemic to isolated headwaters of thermal springs in central Italy. In recent times, several anthropogenic pressures such as water extraction and stream contamination have caused population declines and local extinctions of M. etrusca. Consequently, this species was included on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. The streams inhabited by M. etrusca had oligohaline waters; however, some physicochemical variability existed among sites. We found that the two variables most directly related to the patterns of distribution and life history of M. etrusca were water pH and temperature. In particular, individual growth was faster in streams with water temperatures constantly >30°C, which was reflected by a shorter life cycle than in cooler streams (13°–26°C), where snails showed a seasonal pattern of growth. Finally, we observed that individuals in a population that is exposed to extreme temperatures (>35°C) performed a peculiar behavior, spending long periods outside the water. We also found that the diet of M. etrusca reflected the local composition of the periphytic community and was dominated by macrophyte fragments. Our data suggest that heat‐adapted populations of M. etrusca hold the greatest potential for recolonization after collapse events. From a conservation perspective, reintroduction programs could be useful to avoid local extinction or bottleneck effects but at the risk of the loss of evolutionary innovations that may have emerged at the population level.
MgO nanoparticles synthesized starting from an innovative one‐step process
Authors: Taglieri Giuliana , Daniele Valeria , Mondelli Claudia 
Published: November 2017

AbstractNanosized MgO is a functional material showing a great promise as destructive adsorbent for toxic chemical agents, unique optical electronic, magnetic, thermal, and mechanical properties, as well as in good bactericidal performance in aqueous environments and in the cancer therapy. In this study, MgO nanoparticles are obtained by thermal decomposition of nanosized Mg(OH)2, which are synthesized by means of an innovative, time and cost‐effective, scalable, and patented method. The nanoparticles are characterized by means of several techniques such as thermal analyses, X‐ray diffraction analysis, infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and surface area measurements (BET). After a pseudomorphic decomposition of the hydroxide precursor, pure and crystalline MgO nanoparticles are obtained. These nanoparticles are roughly spherical, monodispersed, and monocrystalline, having size ≤10 nm. Moreover, they exhibited a surface area up to 178 m2/g, revealing a bimodal mesoporous distribution with the important part of the pores with dimensions peaked at 4.87 nm.
Paper‐based microfluidic aptasensor for food safety
Authors: Weng Xuan , Neethirajan Suresh 
Published: November 2017

AbstractFood analysis is requiring rapid, accurate, sensitive, and cost‐effective methods to monitor and guarantee the safety and quality to fulfill the strict food legislation and consumer demands. In this study, a nano‐materials enhanced multipurpose paper‐based microfluidic aptasensor was developed as a sensing tool for accurate detection of food allergens and food toxins. graphene oxide (GO) and specific aptamer‐functionalized quantum dots (QDs) were employed as probes, the fluorescence quenching, and recovering of the QDs caused by the interaction among GO, aptamer‐functionalized QDs, and the target protein were investigated to quantitatively analyze the target concentration. The homogenous assay was performed on the paper‐based microfluidic chip, which significantly decreased the sample and reagent consumption and reduced the assay time. Egg white lysozyme, ß‐conglutin lupine and food toxins, okadaic acid and brevetoxin standard solutions, and spiked food samples were successfully assayed by the presented aptasensor. Dual‐target assay was completed within 5 min, and superior sensitivities were achieved when testing the samples with commercial enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kits side by side.Practical applicationsThe present aptasensor provides a simple, accurate method for rapid quantitative analysis of allergens or toxins in food. This method is able to achieved rapid on‐site detection of potential allergen/toxin contaminations, which is a critical necessity for individuals with food allergies and other types of food sensitivities. In addition, the present method can be easily implemented into routine analysis to help food producers and regulations secure the safety and compliance of food products.
Suicide amongst people with intellectual disability: An Australian online study of disability support staff experiences and perceptions
Authors: Wark S. , McKay K. , Ryan P. , Müller A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with intellectual disability (ID) have a higher likelihood of exposure to identified risk factors for suicide when compared with the general community and have been recognised as being both capable of forming intent for suicide and acting on this intent. However, in spite of research outlining these concerns from the 1970s, there remains a dearth of studies that examine suicide amongst the population of people with ID.MethodAn online cross‐sectional survey was purposively developed, with questions aimed at identifying both the experiences and current practices of support staff who assist people with ID in relation to suicide, suicidal behaviour and suicide assessment. It was undertaken across both rural and metropolitan areas in Australia. The survey was open for a period of 12 months. A total of 139 respondents (109 female/30 male), with a mean age of 41 and an average 12 years of experience in supporting people with ID, completed the tool.ResultsA total of nine suicides by people with ID were reported. Seventy‐seven per cent of the respondents reported that they had individuals with ID display suicidal behaviours, and 76% noted that a person had specifically talked about wishing to end their life. Only four participants (3%) noted that they did not support individuals with a dual diagnosis of ID and mental health concern. Sixty per cent of participants reported that no one in their organisation had ever completed a suicide risk assessment, and only 28% reported that they would do a suicide risk assessment if an individual that they supported was diagnosed with a mental health issue.ConclusionsThe current findings indicate that support staff recognise the capacity of people with ID to conceptualise suicide, note the existence of suicidal discussions and behaviours and report on actual suicides. This represents one of the few Australian studies that has specifically considered suicide amongst this cohort of people and reinforces the fact that suicide is not unknown in this population. The data indicate a possible divide between the reports of people with ID actively talking about and acting on suicidal thoughts and the lack of any proactive use of any tools to assess for this risk.