bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abdominal girth and dorso‐sacral distance can be used to estimate lumbosacral cerebral fluid volume
Authors: Zhou Q. H. , Shen C. , Chen G. 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundPatients’ abdominal girth and vertebral column length are highly correlated with the spread of local anaesthetics after spinal anaesthesia. Lumbosacral cerebrospinal fluid volume is the primary determinant for spinal spread. Thus, we attempted to verify the hypothesis that abdominal girth and dorso‐sacral distance are correlated with lumbosacral cerebrospinal fluid volume.MethodsForty‐five healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study to measure lumbosacral cerebrospinal fluid volume using magnetic resonance imaging. The age, height, weight, abdominal girth, dorso‐sacral distance and lumbosacral cerebrospinal fluid volume of the volunteers were recorded. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyse the correlation between age, height, weight, abdominal girth, dorso‐sacral distance and lumbosacral cerebrospinal fluid volume.ResultsTwo volunteers were excluded because of lumbar disc herniation, leaving 43 volunteers for analysis. Multiple linear regression analysis showed a strong correlation between abdominal girth, dorso‐sacral distance and lumbosacral cerebrospinal fluid volume (both P < 0.01). The adjusted R2 was 0.644. Volunteers with small abdominal girth showed clear images of cerebrospinal fluid in the nerve root cuff at the intervertebral foramen in the three‐dimensional magnetic resonance imaging reconstruction of lumbosacral cerebrospinal fluid, while the images were vague in volunteers with large abdominal girth. Clearer images implied larger lumbosacral cerebrospinal fluid volume, while vaguer images, smaller lumbosacral cerebrospinal fluid volume.ConclusionsMultiple regression analysis revealed that abdominal girth and dorso‐sacral distance were correlated with lumbosacral cerebrospinal fluid volume. Smaller abdominal girths and larger dorso‐sacral distances predict larger lumbosacral cerebrospinal fluid volume.
Advancing alcohol research and treatment: contentions and debates about treatment intensity, goals and outcomes in the 1970s and 1980s
Authors: Allsop Steve 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAimsThis narrative exploration of alcohol treatment research focuses on key contentions and advances in alcohol treatment during the critical 1970s and 1980s.MethodsPapers and books which signal some of the major debates and advances in alcohol treatment research were selected from the 1970s and 1980s. The selection process was based on significant debate during this period, and included those that influenced the field in general and this author in particular.ResultsThis was a period where challenges to traditional models and concepts, and the perceived universal need for long‐term treatment, were accompanied by contention but also advances in research and treatment approaches. The debates and advances resonate today. These include the recognition that: intensive and long‐term treatment is not always required; for dependent drinkers, relapse is a common treatment outcome meriting specific treatment approaches to prevent and reduce this risk; controlled drinking is a treatment option, especially for younger and less dependent drinkers; and an important contributor to enduring change is access to, and realization of, improvements in the quality of life.ConclusionsPioneering research and publications in the 1970s and 1980s, sometimes conducted and produced in contentious contexts, influenced significantly conceptualizations of alcohol‐related problems, and laid the foundations for treatment hypotheses and research, improving access to a broader range of evidence‐based treatment. These underpinning works influenced the development of stepped‐up care from brief to intensive interventions, relapse prevention and treatment options not limited to abstinence, and they identified the need to include a stronger focus on quality of life.
Addiction research centres and the nurturing of creativity
Authors: Wilkinson Claire , Pennay Amy , MacLean Sarah , Livingston Michael , Room Robin , Hamilton Margaret , Laslett Anne‐Marie , Jiang Heng , Callinan Sarah , Waleewong Orratai 
Published: November 2017

AbstractEstablished in 2006, the Centre for Alcohol Policy Research (CAPR) is Australia's only research centre with a primary focus on alcohol policy. CAPR has four main areas of research: alcohol policy impacts; alcohol policy formation and regulatory processes involved in implementing alcohol policies; patterns and trends in drinking and alcohol problems in the population; and the influence of drinking norms, cultural practices and social contexts, particularly in interaction with alcohol policies. In this paper, we give examples of key publications in each area. During the past decade, the number of staff employed at CAPR has increased steadily and now hovers at approximately 10. CAPR has supported the development of independent researchers who collaborate on a number of international projects, such as the Alcohol's Harm to Others study which is now replicated in approximately 30 countries. CAPR receives core funding from the Foundation for Alcohol Research and Education, and staff have been highly successful in securing additional competitive research funding. In 2016, CAPR moved to a new institutional setting at La Trobe University and celebrated 10 years of operation.
Thyroid hormone upregulates MDM2 in rat type I fibre: Implications for skeletal muscle mass regulation
Authors: Ramos G. V. , Cruz A. , Silva W. J. , Rozanski A. , Baptista I. L. , Silvestre J. G. , Moriscot A. S. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAimBased upon a microarray assay, we have identified that triiodothyronine (T3) upregulates MDM2 gene expression in the rat skeletal muscle. As MDM2 protein is an E3 ligase, we hypothesized that this enzyme could play a role in T3 effects on skeletal muscle mass control.MethodsTo test our hypothesis, male rats (2 months old) were randomly assigned into the following groups: intact controls, treated with 20 physiological doses of T3 for 0.5, 1 and 7 days, or with 5, 20 and 50 physiological doses of T3 for 7 days. For in vitro experiments, myotubes and C2C12 cells were treated with T3 for 3 days.ResultsAfter validation of the microarray finding throughout RT‐PCR and confirmation that T3 induces increases in MDM2 protein expression in a dose‐dependent manner, we observed that MDM2 was upregulated by T3 exclusively in fibre type I. Moreover, detailed histological evaluation showed that MDM2 overexpression distributes punctiformily along the cross section of the fibre and also inside nuclei. MDM2 colocalizes with PAX7 in control muscle and T3 downregulates this myogenic factor. Pharmacological inhibition of MDM2 in cultured myotubes caused a severe decrease in their diameter (~35%, P < .001 vs Control), enhancing the effect of T3 (from ~12% to ~35%, P < .001) alone upon myotube diameter and mRNA levels of atrogenes. Finally, we observed that FOXO3 (MDM2 target) is kept outside the nucleus under T3 stimulation.ConclusionOur results indicate that MDM2 might be involved in the pro‐trophic effects of T3 in skeletal muscle.
Expression levels of taste‐related genes in palate and tongue tip, and involvement of transient receptor potential subfamily M member 5 (TRPM5) in taste sense in chickens
Authors: Yoshida Yuta , Kawabata Fuminori , Kawabata Yuko , Nishimura Shotaro , Tabata Shoji 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe elucidation of the mechanisms underlying the taste sense of chickens will contribute to improvements in poultry feeding, because the molecular mechanism of chickens’ taste sense defines the feeding behavior of chickens. Here we focused on the gene expressions in two different oral tissues of chickens – the palate, which contains many taste buds, and the tongue tip, which contains few taste buds. Using the quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction method, we found that the molecular markers for taste buds of chickens, that is α‐gustducin and vimentin, were expressed significantly highly in the palate compared to the tongue tip. Our analyses also revealed that transient receptor potential subfamily M member 5 (TRPM5), a cation channel involved in taste transduction in mammals, was also highly expressed in the palate compared to the tongue tip. Our findings demonstrated that the expression patterns of these genes were significantly correlated. We showed that the aversion to bitter solution was alleviated by a TRPM5 inhibitor in behavior of chickens. Taken together, our findings enabled us to develop a simple method for screening taste‐related genes in chickens. The use of this method demonstrated that TRPM5 was involved in chickens’ taste transduction, and that a TRPM5 inhibitor can alleviate chickens’ bitter taste perception of feed ingredients.
Evaluation of modafinil as a perpetrator of metabolic drug–drug interactions using a model informed cocktail reaction phenotyping trial protocol
Authors: Rowland Angela , van Dyk Madelé , Warncken David , Mangoni Arduino A. , Sorich Michael J. , Rowland Andrew 
Published: November 2017

AimTo evaluate the capacity for modafinil to be a perpetrator of metabolic drug–drug interactions by altering cytochrome P450 activity following a single dose and dosing to steady state.MethodsA single centre, open label, single sequence cocktail drug interaction trial. On days 0, 2 and 8 participants were administered an oral drug cocktail comprising 100 mg caffeine, 30 mg dextromethorphan, 25 mg losartan, 1 mg midazolam and 20 mg enteric‐coated omeprazole. Timed blood samples were collected prior to and for up to 6 h post cocktail dosing. Between days 2 and 8 participants orally self‐administered 200 mg modafinil each morning.ResultsFollowing a single 200 mg dose of modafinil mean (± 95% CI) AUC ratios for caffeine, dextromethorphan, losartan, midazolam and omeprazole were 0.95 (± 0.08), 1.01 (± 0.35), 0.97 (± 0.10), 0.98 (± 0.10) and 1.36 (± 0.06), respectively. Following dosing of modafinil to steady state (200 mg for 7 days), AUC ratios for caffeine, dextromethorphan, losartan, midazolam and omeprazole were 0.90 (± 0.16), 0.79 (± 0.09), 0.98 (± 0.11), 0.66 (± 0.12) and 1.90 (± 0.53), respectively.ConclusionsThese data support consideration of the risk of clinically relevant metabolic drug–drug interactions perpetrated by modafinil when this drug is co‐administered with drugs that are primarily cleared by CYP2C19 (single modafinil dose or steady state modafinil dosing) or CYP3A4 (steady state modafinil dosing only) catalysed metabolic pathways.
From “Learning disability to intellectual disability”—Perceptions of the increasing use of the term “intellectual disability” in learning disability policy, research and practice
Authors: Cluley Victoria 
Published: November 2017

Accessible summary:

“Learning disability” replaced the outdated term, “mentally handicapped” in the UK over 20 years ago. Recently, some services and professionals have been using the term “intellectual disability” instead.

In America, “intellectual disability” has been chosen to replace the old term, “mental retardation.” There has been lots of explanation why this has happened.

In the UK, there has not been much explanation. It is important to know what terms mean and why they are being used because their use affects the lives of people with learning disabilities.

This article looks at what different people in the UK think about term “intellectual disability.”

AbstractBackgroundThe term “intellectual disability” is increasingly used to refer to people with learning disabilities in British learning disability policy, practice and research. This change is undoubtedly a reflection of the changing international context. The inclusion of the term “intellectual disability” has been particularly pronounced in countries such as the USA. By contrast, this change has been relatively silent in England.MethodsIn light of this, the paper explores the discussions of 12 focus groups conducted with professional and lay groups working in or influencing learning disability research and practice in England. Each focus group was asked the following two questions: Have you heard of the term “intellectual disability” and how do you feel about the term “intellectual disability?.”Discussion and ConclusionThematic analysis of the discussions identified four dominant themes: dislike and disbelief; ambiguity; tautology; and fear. It is concluded that more explanation is required in order for researchers and practitioners in England to understand this semantic change.
INEQUALITY AND AGGREGATE DEMAND IN THE IS‐LM AND IS‐MP MODELS
Authors: Calvert Jump Robert 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTThis paper presents an extension to the textbook IS‐LM and IS‐MP models that allows the short run effects of an increase in household income inequality to be studied in a simple manner. The income distribution is assumed to be log‐normal, and the coefficient of variation of income is assumed to be exogenous. The latter is used as the measure of income inequality, and enters otherwise standard IS and LM curves in a straightforward manner. While the models are highly stylised, they can easily be extended to more complicated variants.
Effects of the antagomiRs 15b and 200b on the altered healing pattern of diabetic mice
Authors: Pizzino Gabriele , Irrera Natasha , Galfo Federica , Pallio Giovanni , Mannino Federica , D'amore Angelica , Pellegrino Enrica , Ieni Antonio , Russo Giuseppina T , Calapai Marco , Altavilla Domenica , Squadrito Francesco , Bitto Alessandra 
Published: November 2017

Background and PurposeDiabetic patients with non‐healing ulcers have a reduced expression of VEGF. Genetically diabetic mice have an altered expression pattern of VEGF and its receptor, VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR‐2). In diabetic wounds, the microRNAs, miR15b and miR200b, which respectively inhibit VEGF and VEGF‐R2 mRNAs, are up‐regulated, further affecting the impaired angiogenesis. We investigated whether anti‐miRs directed toward miR15b and miR200b could improve wound repair in genetically diabetic mice.Experimental ApproachSkin wounds were produced on the backs of female diabetic mice. The anti‐miRs (antimiR15b, antimiR200b or antimiR15b/200b) at 10 mg·kg−1, or vehicle were applied to the wound edge. Mice were killed on days 7, 14 and at time of complete wound closure. Levels of mRNA and protein of angiogenic mediators and their receptors were measured with RT‐qPCR and Western blotting. Wounds were examined by histological and immunochemical methods.Key ResultsmRNA expression of VEGF, VEGFR‐2, angiopoietin‐1 and its receptor TEK were evaluated after 7 and 14 days. Protein levels of VEGF and transglutaminase II were measured at day 7, while VEGFR‐2 and Angiopoietin‐1 were measured at day 14. Histological features and the time to achieve a complete wound closure were also examined. Treatment with the anti‐miRs improved the analysed parameters and the co‐treatment resulted the most effective.Conclusion and ImplicationsThe results suggest that the inhibition of miR15b and miR200b may have a potential application in diabetes‐related wound disorders.
Early Attachment Network with Mother and Father: An Unsettled Issue
Authors: Dagan Or , Sagi‐Schwartz Abraham 
Published: November 2017

AbstractInfants’ patterns of attachment to their mothers and fathers influence important developmental outcomes. Studies suggest that infants form discordant attachment patterns to mothers and fathers, and stress the importance of assessing infants’ parental attachment relationships to evaluate their integrative effects on how they function later in life. However, such studies are few, based on small samples, and not well‐designed longitudinally. Moreover, mixed results on how infants’ attachment patterns to mothers and fathers affect important developmental outcomes have resulted in theoretical inconsistencies regarding the model that best describes the organization of multiple attachment relationships and their effect on later development. In this article, we review research on the unsettled issue of infants’ network of attachment to mothers and fathers, and propose explanatory models that can be tested empirically; the methods we suggest are more robust and innovative than those that have been used traditionally.
A retrospective evaluation of 128 socket‐shield cases in the esthetic zone and posterior sites: Partial extraction therapy with up to 4 years follow‐up
Authors: Gluckman Howard , Salama Maurice , Du Toit Jonathan 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectivesTooth loss results in an inevitable alveolar ridge reduction. This has established a cautionary approach to extract, wait, augment, and insert the implant, in lieu of immediate placement. However, saving the tooth or part of it whenever possible is more conservative and supports the vital periodontal tissue buccofacial to an implant. The purpose of this cases series was to report on implant survival using this technique in a large cohort of patients at mid‐term follow‐up.Materials and MethodsA private practice patient database was searched for all patients having received socket‐shield treatment in conjunction with immediate implant placement. Of the results returned, 128 met the inclusion criteria of ≥12 months from date of restoration, or failing prior to definitive restoration. These patients were recalled for evaluation of the restored implants up to 4 years post‐treatment.ResultsSeventy immediate implants with socket‐shields were placed in female patients and 58 in males, age range 24‐71 (mean 39 years). The distribution of sites treated were: maxillary incisors (64%), premolars (22%), canines (14%); maxilla (89.9%), mandible (10.1%). 123/128 implants osseointegrated and survived 1‐4 years following restoration (survival rate 96.1%). A combined complication rate of 25/128 implants occurred (19.5%). Five implants failed to osseointegrate and were removed. The remaining 20 complications were all managed or observed without management, with implants surviving at mid‐term follow‐up.ConclusionsNotwithstanding technique sensitivity and the need for randomized control studies, this case series demonstrates that the socket‐shield performs competitively when compared to implant survival rates in both conventional immediate and delayed implant placement.
High‐density lipoprotein from end‐stage renal disease patients exhibits superior cardioprotection and increase in sphingosine‐1‐phosphate
Authors: Brinck Jonas W. , Thomas Aurélien , Brulhart‐Meynet Marie‐Claude , Lauer Estelle , Frej Cecilia , Dahlbäck Björn , Stenvinkel Peter , James Richard W. , Frias Miguel A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) exacerbates the risk of death due to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Modifications to blood lipid metabolism which manifest as increases in circulating triglycerides and reductions in high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol are thought to contribute to increased risk. In CKD patients, higher HDL cholesterol levels were not associated with reduced mortality risk. Recent research has revealed numerous mechanisms by which HDL could favourably influence CVD risk. In this study, we compared plasma levels of sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P), HDL‐associated S1P (HDL‐S1P) and HDL‐mediated protection against oxidative stress between CKD and control patients.MethodsHigh‐density lipoprotein was individually isolated from 20 CKD patients and 20 controls. Plasma S1P, apolipoprotein M (apoM) concentrations, HDL‐S1P content and the capacity of HDL to protect cardiomyocytes against doxorubicin‐induced oxidative stress in vitro were measured.ResultsChronic kidney disease patients showed a typical profile with significant reductions in plasma HDL cholesterol and albumin and an increase in triglycerides and pro‐inflammatory cytokines (TNF‐alpha and IL‐6). Unexpectedly, HDL‐S1P content (P = .001) and HDL cardioprotective capacity (P = .034) were increased significantly in CKD patients. Linear regression analysis of which factors could influence HDL‐S1P content showed an independent, negative and positive association with plasma albumin and apoM levels, respectively.DiscussionThe novel and unexpected observation in this study is that uremic HDL is more effective than control HDL for protecting cardiomyocytes against oxidative stress. It is explained by its higher S1P content which we previously demonstrated to be the determinant of HDL‐mediated cardioprotective capacity. Interestingly, lower concentrations of albumin in CKD are associated with higher HDL‐S1P.
Comparison between radiography and computed tomography for diagnosis of equine skull fractures
Authors: Crijns C. P. , Weller R. , Vlaminck L. , Verschooten F. , Schauvliege S. , Powell S. E. , van Bree H. J. J. , Gielen I. M. V. L. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryThe equine head is a complex structure prone to traumatic injuries. To determine the value and limitations of radiography and (CT) for the diagnosis of skull fracture, the differences between the two modalities were described. Two observers retrospectively reviewed the radiographic andCTimages of 18 horses with a skull fracture. To allow direct comparison between the two modalities, a simplified fracture classification system was used. In 3/18 cases the evaluation of the radiographic examination concluded no injuries visible. In 2/15 cases soft tissue involvement was not detected and in 7/15 cases the extension of the fracture was underestimated with radiography. Radiography classified 4/10 multiple fractures incorrectly as single fracture and 5/15 comminuted fractures onCTwere diagnosed as simple fracture with radiography. The number of fragments was underestimated with radiography in 14/15 cases. In conclusion, radiography is able to diagnose a skull fracture in most cases. Skull fractures however are not similarly classified after radiographic andCTevaluation, which causes a difference in interpretation and perception of the fractures. Therefore,CTshould be the modality of choice for surgical planning and prognosis.
Distress Anomaly and Shareholder Risk: International Evidence
Authors: Eisdorfer Assaf , Goyal Amit , Zhdanov Alexei 
Published: November 2017

AbstractFinancially distressed stocks in the United States earn puzzlingly low returns giving rise to the distress risk anomaly. We provide evidence that the anomaly exists in developed countries, but not in emerging ones. Using cross‐country analyses, we explore several potential drivers of returns to distressed stocks. The distress anomaly is stronger in countries with stronger takeover legislation, lower barriers to arbitrage, and higher information transparency. In contrast, shareholder bargaining power and expected stock return skewness in a country do not affect the anomaly. These findings suggest that various aspects of shareholders’ risk play an important role in shaping distressed stocks returns.