bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced gastric cancer growth potential of mesenchymal stem cells derived from gastric cancer tissues educated by CD4+ T cells
Authors: Xu Rongman , Zhao Xiangdong , Zhao Yuanyuan , Chen Bin , Sun Li , Xu Changgen , Shen Bo , Wang Mei , Xu Wenrong , Zhu Wei 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectivesGastric cancer mesenchymal stem cells (GC‐MSCs) can promote the development of tumour growth. The tumour‐promoting role of tumour‐associated MSCs and T cells has been demonstrated. T cells as the major immune cells may influence and induce a pro‐tumour phenotype in MSCs. This study focused on whether CD4+ T cells can affect GC‐MSCs to promote gastric cancer growth.Materials and methodsCD4+ T cells upregulation of programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression in GC‐MSCs through the phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription (p‐STAT3) signalling pathway was confirmed by immunofluorescence, western blotting and RT‐PCR. Migration of GC cells was detected by Transwell migration assay, and apoptosis of GC cells was measured by flow cytometry using annexin V/propidium iodide double staining. CD4+ T cell‐primed GC‐MSCs promoted GC growth in a subcutaneously transplanted tumour model in BALB/c nu/nu mice.ResultsGastric cancer mesenchymal stem cells stimulated by activated CD4+ T cells promoted migration of GC cells and enhanced GC growth potential in BALB/c nu/nu xenografts. PD‐L1 upregulation of GC‐MSCs stimulated by CD4+ T cells was mediated through the p‐STAT3 signalling pathway. CD4+ T cells‐primed GC‐MSCs have greater GC volume and growth rate‐promoting role than GC‐MSCs, with cancer cell‐intrinsic PD‐1/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling activation.ConclusionsThis study showed that GC‐MSCs are plastic. The immunophenotype of GC‐MSCs stimulated by CD4+ T cells has major changes that may influence tumour cell growth. This research was based on the interaction between tumour cells, MSCs and immune cells, providing a new understanding of the development and immunotherapy of GC.
The role of social risk in an early preventative care programme for infants born very preterm: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Spittle Alicia J , Treyvaud Karli , Lee Katherine J , Anderson Peter J , Doyle Lex W 
Published: October 2017

AimTo examine the differential effects of an early intervention programme for infants born preterm on neurodevelopment and parental mental health according to family social risk.MethodOne hundred and twenty infants born earlier than 30 weeks' gestation were randomized to early intervention (n=61) or control groups (n=59). Cognitive, language, and motor outcomes were assessed by blinded assessors at 2 years, 4 years, and 8 years, and primary caregivers completed questionnaires on their anxiety and depression. Outcomes at each time point were compared between groups using linear regression with an interaction term for social risk (higher/lower).ResultsThere was evidence of interactions between intervention group and social risk for cognition at 2 years and 4 years, motor function at 4 years, and language at 8 years, with a greater intervention effect in children from higher social risk environments. In contrast, the impact of early intervention on parental depressive symptoms was greater for parents of lower social risk than for those of higher social risk.InterpretationEffects of early intervention on outcomes for children born preterm and their caregivers varied according to family social risk. Family social risk should be considered when implementing early intervention programmes for children born preterm and their families.What this paper adds

Intervention is associated with better early cognitive functioning for children in higher social risk families.

Positive effects of intervention for the high risk group were not sustained at school‐age.

Intervention has a greater effect on primary caregiver mental health in the lower social risk group compared with higher social risk.
Modelling incremental benefits on complications rates when targeting lower HbA1c levels in people with Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease
Authors: Mostafa S. A. , Coleman R. L. , Agbaje O. F. , Gray A. M. , Holman R. R. , Bethel M. A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAimGlucose‐lowering interventions in Type 2 diabetes mellitus have demonstrated reductions in microvascular complications and modest reductions in macrovascular complications. However, the degree to which targeting different HbA1c reductions might reduce risk is unclear.MethodsParticipant‐level data for Trial Evaluating Cardiovascular Outcomes with Sitagliptin (TECOS) participants with established cardiovascular disease were used in a Type 2 diabetes‐specific simulation model to quantify the likely impact of different HbA1c decrements on complication rates. Ten‐year micro‐ and macrovascular rates were estimated with HbA1c levels fixed at 86, 75, 64, 53 and 42 mmol/mol (10%, 9%, 8%, 7% and 6%) while holding other risk factors constant at their baseline levels. Cumulative relative risk reductions for each outcome were derived for each HbA1c decrement.ResultsOf 5717 participants studied, 72.0% were men and 74.2% White European, with a mean (sd) age of 66.2 (7.9) years, systolic blood pressure 134 (16.9) mmHg, LDL‐cholesterol 2.3 (0.9) mmol/l, HDL‐cholesterol 1.13 (0.3) mmol/l and median Type 2 diabetes duration 9.6 (5.1–15.6) years. Ten‐year cumulative relative risk reductions for modelled HbA1c values of 75, 64, 53 and 42 mmol/mol, relative to 86 mmol/mol, were 4.6%, 9.3%, 15.1% and 20.2% for myocardial infarction; 6.0%, 12.8%, 19.6% and 25.8% for stroke; 14.4%, 26.6%, 37.1% and 46.4% for diabetes‐related ulcer; 21.5%, 39.0%, 52.3% and 63.1% for amputation; and 13.6%, 25.4%, 36.0% and 44.7 for single‐eye blindness.ConclusionsThese simulated complication rates might help inform the degree to which complications might be reduced by targeting particular HbA1c reductions in Type 2 diabetes.
Flow alteration and thermal pollution depress modelled growth rates of an iconic riverine fish, the Murray cod Maccullochella peelii
Authors: Whiterod Nick S. , Meredith Shaun N. , Humphries Paul , Sherman Bradford S. , Koehn John D. , Watts Robyn J. , Ingram Brett A. , Ryan Tom 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe serial discontinuity concept (SDC) proposes that hypolimnetic‐releasing impoundments cause major disruptions to the naturally occurring physical, chemical and biological gradients of rivers but that this impact diminishes with distance downstream. Such a gradient in discharge, flow velocity and temperature regime occurs below a large hypolimnetic‐releasing impoundment, the Hume Dam, on the River Murray in south‐eastern Australia. To examine the effects of this disturbance gradient on a warm‐water large‐bodied freshwater fish, the Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii), a bioenergetics model was developed and calibrated to explore energy expended under differing water velocities and temperature regimes. Model simulations predicted negative growth of juveniles directly downstream of the impoundment, due largely to the energetic costs associated with active and, to a lesser extent, standard metabolism outweighing the achievable energetic gains through food consumption. As flow velocity and temperature regimes became more favourable downstream, so did the simulated growth of the species. It was not until +239 km downstream of the impoundment that the model predicted that flow velocity and temperature regimes were suitable for greater weight gains. The modelled growth responses of juvenile Murray cod are consistent with the predictions of the SDC, emphasising that changes in the bioenergetics of individuals are likely to be reflected in reduced growth rates under the changed flow velocity and temperature regimes imposed by disturbance gradients. This research represents a valuable step in the biological understanding of Murray cod within variable riverine environments and emphasises the urgency required to mitigate impacts associated with hypolimnetic impoundments.
Diminished socially selective neural processing in 5‐month‐old infants at high familial risk of autism
Authors: Braukmann Ricarda , Lloyd‐Fox Sarah , Blasi Anna , Johnson Mark H. , Bekkering Harold , Buitelaar Jan K. , Hunnius Sabine 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe social and communicative difficulties that characterize autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are considered the most striking feature of the disorder. Research has reported that individuals with ASD show abnormalities in the brain regions associated with the processing of social information. Importantly, a recent study using functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) found the first evidence of atypicalities in the neural processing of social information in 4‐ to 6‐month‐old infants at high familial risk of ASD. These findings provide an important step in the search for early markers of ASD and highlight the potential for neuroimaging techniques to detect atypical patterns of neural activity prior to the manifestation of most behavioural symptoms. This study aimed to extend the findings of reduced neural sensitivity to social stimuli in an independent cohort. Twenty‐nine 5‐month‐old infants (13 low‐risk infants, 16 high‐risk infants) were presented with social and non‐social visual stimuli, similar to the previous experiment. Importantly, a non‐social dynamic motion control condition was introduced allowing the comparison between social dynamic and non‐social, static, as well as dynamic stimuli. We found that while low‐risk infants showed activation to social stimuli in the right posterior temporal cortex, this activation was reduced in infants at high risk of ASD. Although the current sample size was relatively small, our results replicate and extend previous work and provide evidence for a social processing difference in infants at risk of autism. Future research will determine whether these differences relate to an eventual ASD diagnosis or may rather reflect the broader autism phenotype.
Lobular patterns of cerebellar resting‐state connectivity in adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Olivito Giusy , Lupo Michela , Laghi Fiorenzo , Clausi Silvia , Baiocco Roberto , Cercignani Mara , Bozzali Marco , Leggio Maria 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by core deficits in social functioning. Core autistics traits refer to poor social and imagination skills, poor attention‐switching/strong focus of attention, exceptional attention to detail, as expressed by the autism‐spectrum quotient. Over the years, the importance of the cerebellum in the aetiology of autism spectrum disorder has been acknowledged. Neuroimaging studies have provided a strong support to this view, showing both structural and functional connectivity alterations to affect the cerebellum in autism spectrum disorder. According to the underconnectivity theory, disrupted connectivity within cerebello‐cerebral networks has been specifically implicated in the aetiology of autism spectrum disorder. However, inconsistent results have been generated across studies. In this study, an integrated approach has been used in a selected population of adults with autism spectrum disorder to analyse both cerebellar morphometry and functional connectivity. In individuals with autism spectrum disorder, a decreased cerebellar grey matter volume affected the right Crus II, a region showing extensive connections with cerebral areas related to social functions. This grey matter reduction correlates with the degree of autistic traits as measured by autism‐spectrum quotient. Interestingly, altered functional connectivity was found between the reduced cerebellar Crus II and contralateral cerebral regions, such as frontal and temporal areas. Overall, the present data suggest that adults with autism spectrum disorder present with specific cerebellar structural alterations that may affect functional connectivity within cerebello‐cerebral modules relevant to social processing and account for core autistics traits.
The spatio‐temporal profile of multisensory integration
Authors: Starke Johanna , Ball Felix , Heinze Hans‐Jochen , Noesselt Toemme 
Published: October 2017

AbstractTask‐irrelevant visual stimuli can enhance auditory perception. However, while there is some neurophysiological evidence for mechanisms that underlie the phenomenon, the neural basis of visually induced effects on auditory perception remains unknown. Combining fMRI and EEG with psychophysical measurements in two independent studies, we identified the neural underpinnings and temporal dynamics of visually induced auditory enhancement. Lower‐ and higher‐intensity sounds were paired with a non‐informative visual stimulus, while participants performed an auditory detection task. Behaviourally, visual co‐stimulation enhanced auditory sensitivity. Using fMRI, enhanced BOLD signals were observed in primary auditory cortex for low‐intensity audiovisual stimuli which scaled with subject‐specific enhancement in perceptual sensitivity. Concordantly, a modulation of event‐related potentials could already be observed over frontal electrodes at an early latency (30–80 ms), which again scaled with subject‐specific behavioural benefits. Later modulations starting around 280 ms, that is in the time range of the P3, did not fit this pattern of brain‐behaviour correspondence. Hence, the latency of the corresponding fMRI‐EEG brain‐behaviour modulation points at an early interplay of visual and auditory signals in low‐level auditory cortex, potentially mediated by crosstalk at the level of the thalamus. However, fMRI signals in primary auditory cortex, auditory thalamus and the P50 for higher‐intensity auditory stimuli were also elevated by visual co‐stimulation (in the absence of any behavioural effect) suggesting a general, intensity‐independent integration mechanism. We propose that this automatic interaction occurs at the level of the thalamus and might signify a first step of audiovisual interplay necessary for visually induced perceptual enhancement of auditory perception.
Geomorphic influence on intraspecific genetic differentiation and diversity along hyporheic corridors
Authors: Malard Florian , Capderrey Cécile , Churcheward Benjamin , Eme David , Kaufmann Bernard , Konecny‐Dupré Lara , Léna Jean‐Paul , Liébault Frédéric , Douady Christophe J. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

The hyporheic zone of rivers potentially acts as a dispersal corridor for groundwater organisms because it provides a spatially continuous interstitial habitat between isolated aquifers. Yet, the degree to which it can facilitate the movement of organisms has been hypothesized to vary in response to change in sediment regime, which determines channel morphology.

In this study, we used microsatellite markers to test for a relationship between the genetic structure and diversity of the minute interstitial isopod Proasellus walteri and channel morphology along three nearby hyporheic corridors differing widely in their sediment regime. We predicted that genetic diversity would decrease and genetic structuring would increase as sediment supply‐limited channels would become prominent features in the river corridor. The reason is that such channels have fewer and less suitable sedimentary habitats for migration because they lack large depositional bedforms such as gravel bars.

Using genotypic data from seven microsatellite loci for a total of 713 individuals distributed among 25 demes, we found that demes had on average more alleles and were less differentiated in the river showing the most extensive alluvial deposits and shortest length of sediment supply‐limited channels. Population clusters were also of greater size, reaching up to 30 km in length. The longitudinal pattern of genetic differentiation in this sediment‐rich river was best explained by hydrologic distance and the longitudinal pattern of allelic richness was bell‐shaped, as expected under a stepping‐stone model with symmetrical migration.

The length of sediment supply‐channels was more important than hydrologic distance in explaining the longitudinal distribution of genetic differentiation in the two other corridors facing a sediment shortage. Allelic richness decreased monotonically upstream in the most sediment‐poor river. This correlates with the expansion further downstream of sediment supply‐limited channels in this river, which is likely to decrease animal movement and hence gene flow among demes.

This study provides the first evidence that the degree to which the hyporheic zone facilitates the movement of groundwater organisms varies greatly among rivers of contrasted geomorphology. Extending the application of riverscape genetics across a range of interstitial taxa and geomorphic settings holds much promise for assessing the contribution of the hyporheic zone to the dispersal of groundwater organisms.
ALK‐positive primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Geller Shamir , Canavan Theresa N. , Pulitzer Melissa , Moskowitz Alison J. , Myskowski Patricia L. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAnaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) limited to the skin is a distinct disease that is designated primary cutaneous ALCL (pcALCL). It has an indolent course with a significantly better prognosis compared to systemic ALCL (sALCL). Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) expression in lesions of cutaneous ALCL is classically considered to be a marker for skin involvement by sALCL. However, recent reports of patients with ALK‐positive pcALCL challenge this concept and raise prognostic and therapeutic dilemmas. Herein, we report a case of ALK‐positive pcALCL in a 45‐year‐old woman who was treated with local radiotherapy. We review previously reported cases in the literature to better characterize this rare variant. Overall, the rates of cutaneous recurrence, systemic dissemination, and disease‐related mortality in ALK‐positive pcALCL do not differ from those previously reported in pcALCL. ALK‐positive pcALCL is diagnosed at younger age and has a better disease course in children compared to adults with lower incidences of skin recurrence and progression to systemic disease. We conclude that ALK‐positivity in cutaneous ALCL does not necessarily imply systemic disease. ALK‐positive pcALCL has an excellent prognosis and should be treated by excision and/or radiotherapy. However, patients must remain under close long‐term follow‐up as recurrence and progression to systemic disease may occur.
Current immunogenetic predisposition to tuberculosis in the Moroccan population
Authors: Qrafli M. , Najimi M. , Elaouad R. , Sadki K. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryTuberculosis (TB) is a serious infectious disease that kills approximately two million people per year, particularly in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Numerous genetic epidemiology studies have been conducted of many ethnic groups worldwide and have highlighted the critical impact of the genetic environment on TB distribution. Many candidate genes associated with resistance or susceptibility to TB have been identified. In Morocco, where TB is still a major public health problem, various observations of clinical, microbiological and incidence distribution are heavily affected by genetic background and external environment. Morocco has almost the same clinical profile as do other North African countries, mainly the increase in more extrapulmonary than pulmonary forms of the diseases, when compared to European, Asian or American populations. In addition, a linkage analysis study that examined Moroccan TB patients identified a unique chromosome region that had a strong association with the risk of contracting TB. Other genes in the Moroccan population that were found to be associated seem to be involved predominantly in modulating the innate immunity. In this review, we appraise the major candidate genes that have been reported in Moroccan immunogenetic studies and discuss their updated role in TB, particularly during the first phase of the immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection.
Exploring the genomic basis of early childhood caries: a pilot study
Authors: Ballantine Jami L. , Carlson Jenna C. , Ferreira Zandoná Andrea G. , Agler Cary , Zeldin Leslie P. , Rozier Richard Gary , Roberts Michael W. , Basta Patricia V. , Luo Jason , Antonio‐Obese Mikafui E. , McNeil Daniel W. , Weyant Robert J. , Crout Richard J. , Slayton Rebecca L. , Levy Steven M. , Shaffer John R. , Marazita Mary L. , North Kari E. , Divaris Kimon 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveA genetic component in early childhood caries (ECC) is theorized, but no genome‐wide investigations of ECC have been conducted. This pilot study is part of a long‐term research program aimed to: (1) determine the proportion of ECC variance attributable to the human genome and (2) identify ECC‐associated genetic loci.MethodsThe study's community‐based sample comprised 212 children (mean age=39 months; range = 30–52 months; males = 55%; Hispanic/Latino = 35%, African‐American = 32%; American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry definition of ECC prevalence = 38%). Approximately 2.4 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped using DNA purified from saliva. A P < 5 × 10−8 criterion was used for genome‐wide significance. SNPs with P < 5 × 10−5 were followed‐up in three independent cohorts of 921 preschool‐age children with similar ECC prevalence.ResultsSNPs with minor allele frequency ≥5% explained 52% (standard error = 54%) of ECC variance (one‐sided P = 0.03). Unsurprisingly, given the pilot's small sample size, no genome‐wide significant associations were found. An intergenic locus on 4q32 (rs4690994) displayed the strongest association with ECC [P = 2.3 × 10−6; odds ratio (OR) = 3.5; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.1–5.9]. Thirteen loci with suggestive associations were followed‐up – none showed evidence of association in the replication samples.ConclusionThis study's findings support a heritable component of ECC and demonstrate the feasibility of conducting genomics studies among preschool‐age children.
The efficacy of removable devices to offload and heal neuropathic plantar forefoot ulcers in people with diabetes: a single‐blinded multicentre randomised controlled trial
Authors: Bus Sicco A , van Netten Jaap J , Kottink Anke IR , Manning Erik A , Spraul Maximilian , Woittiez Arend‐Jan , van Baal Jeff G 
Published: October 2017

AbstractNon‐removable offloading is the ‘gold standard’ treatment for neuropathic diabetic plantar forefoot ulcers. However, removable offloading is the common ‘standard of care’. We compared three removable offloading devices for ulcer healing efficacy. In this multicentre, randomised controlled trial, 60 persons with neuropathic diabetic plantar forefoot ulcers were randomly assigned to wear a custom‐made knee‐high cast [BTCC (bivalved TCC)], custom‐made ankle‐high cast shoe or a prefabricated ankle‐high forefoot‐offloading shoe (FOS). Primary outcome was healing at 12 weeks. Dynamic plantar pressures, daily stride count and treatment adherence were assessed on a randomly selected subset (n = 35). According to intention‐to‐treat analysis, 58% of patients healed with BTCC [OR 0·77 (95% CI 0·41–1·45) versus FOS], 60% with cast shoe [OR 0·81 (95% CI 0·44–1·49) versus FOS] and 70% with FOS (P = 0·70). Mean ± SD peak pressure in kPa at the ulcer site was 81 ± 55 for BTCC, 176 ± 80 for cast shoe and 107 ± 52 for FOS (P = 0·005); stride count was 4150 ± 1626, 3514 ± 1380 and 4447 ± 3190, respectively (P = 0·71); percentage of 2‐week intervals that patients wore the device <50% of time was 17·3%, 5·2% and 4·9%, respectively. Non‐significant differences in healing efficacy between the three devices suggest that, when non‐removable offloading is contraindicated or not available, each can be used for plantar forefoot ulcer offloading. Efficacy is lower than previously found for non‐removable offloading maybe because suboptimal adherence and high stride count expose the patient to high repetitive stresses. These factors should be carefully considered in decision making regarding ulcer treatment.