bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Passengers at risk: a multi‐level analysis of the decision to travel with a drunk driver
Authors: Nazif‐Muñoz José Ignacio , Blank‐Gomel Aharon 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAimsTo assess the impact of demographic, intrapersonal and environmental factors on the likelihood in Chile of becoming a passenger of an alcohol‐impaired driver (PAID).DesignMulti‐level cross‐sectional study.SettingData were acquired from two large‐scale household surveys of representative samples of Chile's Metropolitan Region.ParticipantsThe study included 1341 individuals ≥ 16 years; 696 of them reported engaging in PAID.MeasurementThe primary outcome was self‐reported frequencies of having accepted a ride with an alcohol‐impaired driver.FindingsPAID was associated significantly with ‘age’ [odds ratio (OR) = 0.99, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.98–0.99, P = 0.03], ‘traffic safety beliefs’ (OR = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.078–0.44, P = 0.00), ‘time exposure as passenger’ (OR = 1.00, 95% CI = 1.00–1.01, P = 0.00) and ‘sex’ (OR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.53–0.87, P = 0.00). In women, PAID was associated with ‘age’ (OR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.97–0.99, P = 0.02), ‘traffic safety beliefs’ (OR = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.05–0.59, P = 0.00) and ‘low quality of public bus stops’ (OR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.98–0.99, P = 0.01). Younger women with high education levels were more likely to engage in PAID than younger women with low education levels. In men, PAID was associated with ‘traffic safety beliefs’ (OR = 0.13, 95% CI = 0.02–0.63, P = 0.01) and ‘time exposure as passenger’ (OR = 1.00, 95% CI = 1.00–1.01, P = 0.02).ConclusionsIn Chile, men are at higher risk of becoming a passenger of an alcohol‐impaired driver (PAID) than women. In women, PAID appears to be associated with lower traffic safety beliefs, lower quality of public bus stations and an interaction between education and age. In men, PAID is associated with lower traffic safety beliefs and higher time exposure as passenger.
Model‐based economic evaluations in smoking cessation and their transferability to new contexts: a systematic review
Authors: Berg Marrit L. , Cheung Kei Long , Hiligsmann Mickaël , Evers Silvia , de Kinderen Reina J. A. , Kulchaitanaroaj Puttarin , Pokhrel Subhash 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAimsTo identify different types of models used in economic evaluations of smoking cessation, analyse the quality of the included models examining their attributes and ascertain their transferability to a new context.MethodsA systematic review of the literature on the economic evaluation of smoking cessation interventions published between 1996 and April 2015, identified via Medline, EMBASE, National Health Service (NHS) Economic Evaluation Database (NHS EED), Health Technology Assessment (HTA). The checklist‐based quality of the included studies and transferability scores was based on the European Network of Health Economic Evaluation Databases (EURONHEED) criteria. Studies that were not in smoking cessation, not original research, not a model‐based economic evaluation, that did not consider adult population and not from a high‐income country were excluded.FindingsAmong the 64 economic evaluations included in the review, the state‐transition Markov model was the most frequently used method (n = 30/64), with quality adjusted life years (QALY) being the most frequently used outcome measure in a life‐time horizon. A small number of the included studies (13 of 64) were eligible for EURONHEED transferability checklist. The overall transferability scores ranged from 0.50 to 0.97, with an average score of 0.75. The average score per section was 0.69 (range = 0.35–0.92). The relative transferability of the studies could not be established due to a limitation present in the EURONHEED method.ConclusionAll existing economic evaluations in smoking cessation lack in one or more key study attributes necessary to be fully transferable to a new context.
Feasibility and safety of extended‐release naltrexone treatment of opioid and alcohol use disorder in HIV clinics: a pilot/feasibility randomized trial
Authors: Korthuis Philip T. , Lum Paula J. , Vergara‐Rodriguez Pamela , Ahamad Keith , Wood Evan , Kunkel Lynn E. , Oden Neal L. , Lindblad Robert , Sorensen James L. , Arenas Virgilio , Ha Doan , Mandler Raul N. , McCarty Dennis ,   for the CTN‐0055 CHOICES Investigators
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackground and aimsHIV‐infected people with substance use disorders are least likely to benefit from advances in HIV treatment. Integration of extended‐release naltrexone (XR‐NTX) into HIV clinics may increase engagement in the HIV care continuum by decreasing substance use. We aimed to compare (1) XR‐NTX treatment initiation, (2) retention and (3) safety of XR‐NTX versus treatment as usual (TAU) for treating opioid use disorder (OUD) and/or alcohol use disorder (AUD) in HIV clinics.DesignNon‐blinded randomized trial of XR‐NTX versus pharmacotherapy TAU.SettingHIV primary care clinics in Vancouver, BC, Canada and Chicago, IL, USA.ParticipantsFifty‐one HIV‐infected patients seeking treatment for OUD (n = 16), AUD (n = 27) or both OUD and AUD (n = 8).MeasurementsPrimary outcomes were XR‐NTX initiation (receipt of first injection within 4 weeks of randomization) and retention at 16 weeks. Secondary outcomes generated point estimates for change in substance use, HIV viral suppression [HIV RNA polymerase chain reaction (pcr) < 200 copies/ml] and safety.FindingsTwo‐thirds (68%) of participants assigned to XR‐NTX initiated treatment, and 88% of these were retained on XR‐NTX at 16 weeks. In comparison, 96% of TAU participants initiated treatment, but only 50% were retained on medication at 16 weeks. Mean days of opioid use in past 30 days decreased from 17.3 to 4.1 for TAU and from 20.3 to 7.7 for XR‐NTX. Mean heavy drinking days decreased from 15.6 to 5.7 for TAU and 12.5 to 2.8 for XR‐NTX. Among those with OUD, HIV suppression improved from 67 to 80% for XR‐NTX and 58 to 75% for TAU. XR‐NTX was well tolerated, with no precipitated withdrawals and one serious injection‐site reaction.ConclusionsExtended‐release naltrexone (XR‐NTX) is feasible and safe for treatment of opioid use disorder and alcohol use disorder in HIV clinics. Treatment initiation appears to be lower and retention greater for XR‐NTX compared with treatment as usual (clinicaltrials.gov NCT01908062).
Is psoriasis an autoimmune disease? Interpretations from an immunofluorescence‐based study
Authors: Anand Shashi , Gupta Parikshaa , Bhardwaj Ranjeet , Narang Tarun , Dogra Sunil , Minz Ranjana W. , Saikia Biman , Chhabra Seema 
Published: January 2017

IntroductionPsoriasis is a multisystem, immune‐mediated inflammatory disease. Some authors have proposed an autoimmune basis for psoriasis; however, till date, it has not been definitely established. This study was conducted to explore the autoimmune nature of psoriasis.Materials and methodsThis was a prospective study in which 43 psoriasis patients were assessed for detailed clinical, histopathological and immunopathological features to explore the diagnostic utility of subtypes, intensity and number of immunoreactants in lesional and non‐lesional skin in these patients. In addition, the sera of these patients were analyzed for the presence of various autoantibodies.ResultsThe patients’ age ranged from 14 to 75 years with a male‐to‐female ratio of 1.52:1. Nine patients (20.93%) were positive for antinuclear and 2 (4.65%) for antismooth muscle antibodies. Direct immunofluorescence (DIF) was positive in 31 (72%) biopsies from the lesional and 27 (63%) biopsies from non‐lesional skin. In all these DIF positive cases, granular deposits of C5b‐9 were detected at the dermoepidermal junction. No significant difference was observed on comparing the type and pattern of immunoreactant positivity, among lesional and non‐lesional skin biopsies (P > .05).ConclusionNo significant association between psoriasis and immunoreactant deposition as well as autoantibody seroprevalence was observed, thereby refuting a definite autoimmune basis for psoriasis.
Natural enemies govern ecosystem resilience in the face of extreme droughts
Authors: He Qiang , Silliman Brian R. , Liu Zezheng , Cui Baoshan 
Published: January 2017

AbstractSevere droughts are on the rise in many regions. But thus far, attempts to predict when drought will cause a major regime shift or when ecosystems are resilient, often using plant drought tolerance models, have been frustrated. Here, we show that pressure from natural enemies regulates an ecosystem's resilience to severe droughts. Field experiments revealed that in protected salt marshes experiencing a severe drought, plant‐eating grazers eliminated drought‐stressed vegetation that could otherwise survive and recover from the climate extreme, transforming once lush marshes into persistent salt barrens. These results provide an explicit experimental demonstration for the obligatory role of natural enemies across the initiation, expansion and recovery stages of a natural ecosystem's collapse. Our study highlights that natural enemies can hasten an ecosystem's resilience to drought to much lower levels than currently predicted, calling for integration into climate change predictions and conservation strategies.
End‐of‐life care for people dying with dementia in general practice in Belgium, Italy and Spain: A cross‐sectional, retrospective study
Authors: Penders Yolanda W .H. , Albers Gwenda , Deliens Luc , Miccinesi Guido , Vega Alonso Tomás , Miralles Maite , Moreels Sarah , Van den Block Lieve ,   on behalf of EUROIMPACT
Published: January 2017

AimTo describe and compare end‐of‐life care for people with mild or severe dementia in general practice in Belgium, Italy and Spain, in terms of place of care, place of death, treatment aims, use of specialized palliative care and communication with general practitioners (GPs).MethodsCross‐sectional retrospective survey was carried out of nationwide networks of GPs in Belgium, Italy and Spain, including patients who died aged 65 years or older in 2009–2011 and were judged by the GP to have had dementia (n = 1623).ResultsGPs reported a higher proportion of older people with severe dementia in Belgium (55%) than in Spain (46 %) and Italy (45 %), and a higher proportion of patients living in care homes (57%vs18% and 13%, respectively). A palliative treatment aim was common in the last 3 months of life in all three countries. Specialized palliative care services were provided in 14% (Italy, severe dementia) to 38% (Belgium, severe dementia) of cases. Communication between GP and patient about illness‐related topics occurred in between 50% (Italy) and 72% (Belgium) of cases of mild dementia, and 10% (Italy) to 32% (Belgium) of cases of severe dementia. Patient preferences for end‐of‐life care were known in a minority of cases. Few people (13–15 %) were transferred between care settings in the last week of life.ConclusionsAlthough overall treatment aims at the end of life are often aligned with a palliative care approach and transfer rates are low, there is room for improvement in end‐of‐life care for people with dementia in all countries studied, especially regarding early patient–GP communication.Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 1667–1676.
Association of loneliness and healthcare utilization among older adults in Singapore
Authors: Lim Ka Keat , Chan Angelique 
Published: January 2017

AimTo assess the association between loneliness and physician visits among community‐dwelling older adults in Singapore.MethodsWe obtained data from two consecutive waves (2009 and 2011) of a nationally representative longitudinal survey of community‐dwelling Singaporeans aged 60 years and older. Out of 3103 responses, we excluded proxy interviews (n = 365; 11.8 %), resulting in a final analysis cohort of 2738 respondents. Using the frequency of physician visits in the past 30 days as the dependent variable, we carried out negative binomial hurdle regression controlling for predisposing characteristics, enabling factors, needs, social capital and change in loneliness status between the two waves of the survey.ResultsApproximately 23% of respondents suffered from chronic loneliness; a further 19% developed loneliness, whereas 33% recovered from loneliness by wave 2. Chronic (OR 0.76 ± 0.11) and recently‐developed loneliness (OR 0.70 ± 0.10) were significantly associated with lower odds of physician visits, compared with being never lonely. Meanwhile, those who recovered from loneliness had the same odds of physician visits, but were associated with lower number of visits (−0.71 ± 0.27) if they did utilize their physicians.ConclusionsThe present study found a significant association between loneliness and lower odds of physician visits regardless of whether the loneliness was recently developed or chronic. In addition, respondents who had loneliness in the past also had a significantly lower number of visits to physicians compared with those who were never lonely. Further studies on the underlying behavior and the health consequences are warranted. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 1789–1798.
Mediating effect of decline in social activities on urinary incontinence and negative mood: Do sex and marital differences exist?
Authors: Bai Xue , Leung Doris Yin Ping , Lai Claudia Kam Yuk , Chong Alice Ming Lin , Chi Iris 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAimWe tested the mediating effect of decline in social participation on urinary incontinence (UI) and negative mood in older adults by sex and marital status.MethodsWe carried out secondary analysis of data collected from 5301 Chinese adults aged 60 years or older in Hong Kong who had completed an initial screening instrument for subsidized long‐term care services in 2010. Path analysis within structural equation modeling was carried out.ResultsSatisfactory model fit was obtained: male–married group (n = 1949, standardized root means squared residual [SRMR] = 0.034, robust root mean square error of approximation [R‐RMSEA] = 0.045, robust comparative fit index [R‐CFI] = 0.965), male–other group (n = 519, SRMR = 0.023, R‐RMSEA = 0.011, R‐CFI = 0.988), female–married group (n = 948, SRMR = 0.018, R‐RMSEA = 0.002, R‐CFI = 1.000) and female–other group (n = 2251, SRMR = 0.023, R‐RMSEA = 0.048, R‐CFI = 0.970). In the male–married subsample, UI had both a significant direct effect (β = 0.046) and significant indirect effect on mood through decline in social participation (β = 0.021); for the female–other subsample, UI (β = 0.058) and decline in social participation (β = 0.335) had significant direct effects on negative mood. Decline in social participation had a significant direct effect on negative mood in the male–other subsample (β = 0.306) and the female–married subsample (β = 0.325).ConclusionsDecline in social participation mediated the relationship between UI and negative mood in married older men, but not male–other group or women. It is important to recognize these sex and marital status differences, and expand social participation opportunities for UI patients. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 1829–1836.
Role of the Attachment Style in Determining the Association Between Headache Features and Psychological Symptoms in Migraine Children and Adolescents. An Analytical Observational Case–Control Study
Authors: Tarantino Samuela , De Ranieri Cristiana , Dionisi Cecilia , Gagliardi Valentina , Paniccia Maria Francesca , Capuano Alessandro , Frusciante Roberto , Balestri Martina , Vigevano Federico , Gentile Simonetta , Valeriani Massimiliano 
Published: January 2017

ObjectiveWe aimed to study the role of attachment style on headache severity and psychological symptoms in migraineurs children/adolescents. Moreover, we investigated the association between attachment style, migraine severity, and psychological symptoms.BackgroundAttachment theory suggests that early interpersonal relationships may be important determinants of psychopathology and pain management. In particular, individuals with insecure attachment styles have been shown to experience more pain than people with secure attachment style. Few studies focused on headache and data on attachment style in pediatric headache are scarce.MethodsWe studied 90 migraineurs (mean age 12.2 ± 2.6 years; female: 54, male: 36). Patients were divided in two groups according to headache attack frequency: (1) high frequency (HF) patients, having from weekly to daily episodes and (2) low frequency (LF) patients, showing ≤3 episodes per month. According to headache attack intensity, patients were classified in two groups: (1) mild pain (MP), allowing the patient to continue his/her daily activities and (2) severe pain (SP), leading to interruption of patient activities or forcing the child to go to bed. The psychological screening was assessed by SAFA Anxiety, Depression, and Somatization questionnaires. Attachment style was measured by the semi‐projective test Separation Anxiety Test. Patients were divided into “secure,” “avoidant,” “ambivalent,” and “disorganized/confused” attachment patterns.ResultsWe found a significant relationship between the attachment style and migraine features. The ambivalent attachment was the most common style among patients reporting high attack frequency (51%) and severe pain intensity (50%). Anxiety (SAFA‐A Tot: F = 23.3, P < .001), depression (SAFA‐D Tot: F = 11.8, P < .001), and somatization (SAFA‐S Tot: F = 10.1, P < .001) were higher in patients with ambivalent attachment style. Moreover, our results showed an association between high attack frequency and high anxiety levels, in children with ambivalent attachment style (F = 6.7, P < .002).ConclusionsAmbivalent attachment style may be a common vulnerability factor that impacts on pain severity, anxiety, depression, and somatization symptoms in young migraineurs. In particular, the present study provides the first evidence of the role of insecure attachment on the relationship between pain severity and psychological symptoms in migraine children.
A Multivariate Stochastic Volatility Model Applied to a Panel of S&P500 Stocks in Different Industries
Authors: Öztürk Serda S. , Stengos Thanasis 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe estimate a multivariate stochastic volatility model for a panel of stock returns for a number of S&P 500 firms from different industries. To directly compare our results with those from the univariate estimation literature on the same data, we use an efficient importance sampling (EIS) method to estimate the likelihood function of the given multivariate system that we analyze. As opposed to univariate methods where each return is estimated separately for each firm, our results are based on joint estimation that can account for potential common error term interactions based on industry characteristics that cannot be detected by univariate methods. Our results reveal that there are important differences in the industry effects, something that suggests that differential gains to portfolio allocations in the different industries that we examine. There are differences because of idiosyncratic factors and the common industry factors that suggest that each industry requires a separate treatment in arriving at portfolio allocations.
Duration Dependence, Behavioral Restrictions, and the Market Timing Ability of Commodity Trading Advisors
Authors: Elaut Gert , Frömmel Michael , Mende Alexander 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis paper addresses a potential shortcoming in the work on the market timing ability of fund managers. We adapt the Henriksson‐Merton (1981) test for market timing by relaxing a behavioral assumption that is implicit in the use of daily data. To this end, we relax the assumption that managers base their market timing decisions on daily excess returns. Instead, we use results from the literature on bull and bear markets and test whether fund managers can successfully time such trends in financial markets. We make use of a proprietary dataset of daily Commodity Trading Advisors (CTAs) returns to show that CTAs, on average, are able to time the bull and bear markets we identify.
Introduction: The EU's Pouvoir Constituant Mixte – Exploring the Systematic Potential of an Innovative Category
Authors: Patberg Markus 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAccording to Jürgen Habermas's notion of pouvoir constituant mixte, the EU needs to derive its democratic legitimacy from a dual subject, consisting of the community of European citizens on the one hand and the communities of state citizens on the other. In this introduction, I outline some of the basic ideas behind the pouvoir constituant mixte, situate the category within wider debates about democracy in the EU and the future of European integration, and provide a brief summary of the symposium contributions.
Oppositional defiant disorder dimensions: genetic influences and risk for later psychopathology
Authors: Mikolajewski Amy J. , Taylor Jeanette , Iacono William G. 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundThis study was undertaken to determine how well two oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) dimensions (irritable and headstrong/hurtful) assessed in childhood predict late adolescent psychopathology and the degree to which these outcomes can be attributed to genetic influences shared with ODD dimensions.MethodsPsychopathology was assessed via diagnostic interviews of 1,225 twin pairs at ages 11 and 17.ResultsConsistent with hypotheses, the irritable dimension uniquely predicted overall internalizing problems, whereas the headstrong/hurtful dimension uniquely predicted substance use disorder symptoms. Both dimensions were predictive of antisocial behavior and overall externalizing problems. The expected relationships between the irritable dimension and specific internalizing disorders were not found. Twin modeling showed that the irritable and headstrong/hurtful dimensions were related to late adolescent psychopathology symptoms through common genetic influences.ConclusionsSymptoms of ODD in childhood pose a significant risk for various mental health outcomes in late adolescence. Further, common genetic influences underlie the covariance between irritable symptoms in childhood and overall internalizing problems in late adolescence, whereas headstrong/hurtful symptoms share genetic influences with substance use disorder symptoms. Antisocial behavior and overall externalizing share common genetic influences with both the irritable and headstrong/hurtful dimensions.