bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Making the best of what we have”: The lived experiences of community psychiatric nurses, day centre managers and social workers supporting clients with dementia attending a generic day care service
Authors: Laird Elizabeth A. , McGurk Phyllis , Reid Bernie , Ryan Assumpta 
Published: June 2017

Aim and objectivesThis study explored the experiences and perspectives of community psychiatric nurses, day centre managers and social workers about supporting clients living with and without dementia attending a generic day care service. The purpose of the study was to elucidate approaches that enable clients living with dementia to access and derive benefit from the service.BackgroundIn the light of international ageing demographics and strategy towards social inclusion, it is anticipated that demand for generic day care services for clients living with and without dementia will increase.Design and methodsA descriptive qualitative design utilised three focus groups for data collection. Community psychiatric nurses (n = 4), day centre mangers (n = 4) and social workers (n = 12) participated in the study. Data analysis informed a narrative description of the approaches that support adults living with dementia in day care.FindingsAn exhaustive description is encapsulated in five key themes. These are “easing the transition to day care,” “proactively managing supervision and complexity of need,” “sustaining the person and family carer,” making the best of what we have” and “encountering a need for change,” The data conveyed a sensitivity to the life story and needs of clients with dementia. Whilst the data revealed deficits in the physical environment of the centres, there were indications of the generation of a positive social environment.ConclusionsA generic day care service that provides an integrated blend of care and treatment and social and recreational support to older adults, irrespective of whether they have or have not dementia, is realistic and manageable. The routine of day centre attendance may have value in sustaining clients with dementia and family care‐giving relationships.Implications for practiceApproaches to support the attendance of clients with dementia at day care include home visits, life story work, proactive supervision and careful planning of social groupings and recreational activities.
Variability of Delivery of Timolol for the Treatment of Infantile Hemangiomas
Authors: Yu JiaDe , Keuter Tucker , Schilter Kala , Seefeldt Marcia , Bates Brittney , Mueller Katherine , Drolet Beth A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesTopical timolol maleate solution or gel‐forming solution is used alone or in conjunction with oral propranolol for the treatment of infantile hemangiomas. The consistency of the amount of timolol dispensed has never been evaluated. We evaluated the variability of drug delivery between different brands and formulations of timolol solution and gel‐forming solution.MethodsFive blinded volunteers sequentially dispensed five drops from each of the eight bottles containing timolol 0.5% solution or gel‐forming solution. This was repeated three times per user for each bottle. The average amount of timolol dispensed was analyzed according to brand, formulation, and user for variability. The intra‐ and interuser variability of dispensing both formulations of timolol was also measured.ResultsOur study demonstrates statistically significant differences in the amount of timolol dispensed between timolol solution and gel‐forming solution, with the latter closer to manufacturer estimates. Significant differences in the amount of timolol dispensed were noted between users regardless of the formulation or brand. Variability in the amount of timolol dispensed was greater for gel‐forming solution than 0.5% solution. Inter‐ and intrauser variability in the amount of timolol dispensed was greater for gel‐forming solution than 0.5% solution.ConclusionStatistically significant differences were noted in the amount of timolol dispensed according to formulation, brand, and user. Whether this is clinically significant is unknown given the lack of pharmacokinetic data available for timolol.
Not Seeing Eye to Eye on Frontline Work: Manager‐Employee Disagreement and Its Effects on Employees
Authors: Marvel John D. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe author uses nationally representative data on matched pairs of public school principals and teachers to test whether principal–teacher disagreement about the severity of school problems is associated with teacher turnover. More specifically, the author tests a managerial efficacy hypothesis that proposes that employees will be less likely to leave their jobs when their managers perceive problems to be severe, holding employees’ perceptions of the same problems constant. The author also tests a managerial buffering hypothesis that proposes that employees’ perceptions of problem severity will be more weakly related to their turnover probability when managers perceive problems to be severe. Little evidence is found for either hypothesis, raising questions about public school principals’ ability to translate problem recognition into problem remediation. More generally, the findings suggest a reexamination of the generic claim that “management matters,” which implies that public managers have the power to do things that can help employees perform their jobs well.
Antioxidative effect of BHA in soya bean lecithin‐based extender containing Glycerol or DMSO on freezing capacity of goat semen
Authors: Rahmatzadeh M , Kohram H , Zare Shahneh A , Seifi‐Jamadi A , Ahmad E 
Published: June 2017

ContentsThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of butylated hydroxyanisole (0 or 4 mM) along with different concentrations (5 or 7%) of glycerol (G) and dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) as cryoprotectant (CPAs) on freezability of goat semen. Semen was collected from four bucks (3–4 years) twice a week for five weeks. The pooled ejaculates were diluted with extender containing two different concentrations of G or DMSO in combination with BHA. Afterwards, the diluted samples were loaded into 0.25 ml straws and frozen using a standard protocol. After thawing motility parameters, viability, membrane integrity and total abnormality were assessed. The Results showed that the presence of BHA in extender, type and level of CPAs as main factors had significant effects on goat sperm viability, total and progressive motility after freezing–thawing processes (p < .05). Also, the interaction of BHA (0 and 4 mM) and levels of G or DMSO (5 or 7%) had a significant effects (p < .05) on total motility, viability and some characteristic. In this case, the addition of 5% G or DMSO with BHA resulted in highest motility and viability than the other groups (p < .05). The addition of G5 (with and without BHA) increased VSL and reduced abnormality than the other groups (p < .05). The results showed that the main effects of CPAs and CPAs level on membrane functionality were significant (p < .05). Also there were no significance differences in the interactive effects of MDA, VCL, VAP, ALH, LIN and STR among the groups (p > .05). Finally, it can be concluded that the use of 5% CPAs with or without BHA may result in better post‐thaw sperm quality of goat.
Structural Strength Benefits Observed at the Hip of Premenarcheal Gymnasts Are Maintained Into Young Adulthood 10 Years After Retirement From the Sport
Authors: Erlandson Marta C. , Runalls Shonah B. , Jackowski Stefan A. , Faulkner Robert A. , Baxter-Jones Adam D.G. 
Published: June 2017

Purpose: Premenarcheal female gymnasts have been consistently found to have greater bone mass and structural advantages. However, little is known about whether these structural advantages are maintained after the loading stimulus is removed. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the structural properties at the hip after long-term retirement from gymnastics. Methods: Structural properties were derived from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans using the hip structural analysis program for the same 24 gymnasts and 21 nongymnasts both in adolescence (8–15 y) and adulthood (22–30 y). Structural measures were obtained at the narrow neck, intertrochanter, and femoral shaft and included cross-sectional area, section modulus, and buckling ratio. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to assess differences between groups in bone measures while controlling for size, age, maturity, and physical activity. Results: Gymnasts were found to have structural advantages at the narrow neck in adolescence (16% greater cross-sectional area, 17% greater section modulus, and 25% lower buckling ratio) and 14 years later (13% greater cross-sectional area and 26% lower buckling ratio). Benefits were also found at the intertrochanter and femoral shaft sites in adolescence and adulthood. Conclusion: Ten years after retirement from gymnastics, former gymnasts’ maintained significantly better hip bone structure than females who did not participate in gymnastics during growth.
Impact of a Soccer Game on Cardiac Biomarkers in Adolescent Players
Authors: Hosseini Seyed Mohsen , Azizi Mojtaba , Samadi Ali , Talebi Nahid , Gatterer Hannes , Burtscher Martin 
Published: June 2017

Purpose: Biochemical markers such as cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) have become indispensable tools for the diagnosis of myocardial injury, providing highly sensitive and specific information about cardiac cell damage and wall stress. The purpose of the present research was to examine the response of cardiac biomarkers to a soccer game in adolescent male soccer players. Methods: Twenty-two trained adolescent male soccer players (14–16 y) were selected in a purposive manner. Blood samples were taken before, immediately after, and 2 and 24 hours after the game for the determination of cTnI and NT-proBNP. Results: Serum concentration of cTnI and NT-proBNP increased immediately and 2 hours after the soccer game (P < .001). After 24 hours, the levels of cTnI dropped but remained above baseline (P = .002), whereas serum NT-proBNP levels returned to baseline. At no time point did any of the values exceed the upper reference value. Conclusions: This is the first study to investigate the acute responses of cardiac biomarkers to a soccer game in adolescent male players. The postgame elevation of cardiac biomarkers and their rapid recovery are indicative of a physiological rather than a pathological response.
Development of a One-Step Multiplex PCR Assay for Differential Detection of Major Mycobacterium Species
Authors: Chae Hansong , Han Seung Jung , Kim Su-Young , Ki Chang-Seok , Huh Hee Jae , Yong Dongeun , Koh Won-Jung , Shin Sung Jae 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

The prevalence of tuberculosis continues to be high, and nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infection has also emerged worldwide. Moreover, differential and accurate identification of mycobacteria to the species or subspecies level is an unmet clinical need. Here, we developed a one-step multiplex PCR assay using whole-genome analysis and bioinformatics to identify novel molecular targets. The aims of this assay were to (i) discriminate between the
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
complex (MTBC) and NTM using
rv0577
or RD750, (ii) differentiate
M. tuberculosis
(
M. tuberculosis
) from MTBC using RD9, (iii) selectively identify the widespread
M. tuberculosis
Beijing genotype by targeting
mtbk_20680
, and (iv) simultaneously detect five clinically important NTM (
M. avium
,
M. intracellulare
,
M. abscessus
,
M. massiliense
, and
M. kansasii
) by targeting IS
1311
, DT1,
mass_3210
, and
mkan_rs12360
. An initial evaluation of the multiplex PCR assay using reference strains demonstrated 100% specificity for the targeted
Mycobacterium
species. Analytical sensitivity ranged from 1 to 10 pg for extracted DNA and was 10
3
and 10
4
CFU for pure cultures and nonhomogenized artificial sputum cultures, respectively, of the targeted species. The accuracy of the multiplex PCR assay was further evaluated using 55 reference strains and 94 mycobacterial clinical isolates. Spoligotyping, multilocus sequence analysis, and a commercial real-time PCR assay were employed as standard assays to evaluate the multiplex PCR assay with clinical
M. tuberculosis
and NTM isolates. The PCR assay displayed 100% identification agreement with the standard assays. Our multiplex PCR assay is a simple, convenient, and reliable technique for differential identification of MTBC,
M. tuberculosis
,
M. tuberculosis
Beijing genotype, and major NTM species.
Multimethod Longitudinal HIV Drug Resistance Analysis in Antiretroviral-Therapy-Naive Patients
Authors: Nanfack Aubin J. , Redd Andrew D. , Bimela Jude S. , Ncham Genesis , Achem Emmanuel , Banin Andrew N. , Kirkpatrick Allison R. , Porcella Stephen F. , Agyingi Lucy A. , Meli Josephine , Colizzi Vittorio , Nádas Arthur , Gorny Miroslaw K. , Nyambi Phillipe N. , Quinn Thomas C. , Duerr Ralf 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTThe global intensification of antiretroviral therapy (ART) can lead to increased rates of HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) mutations in treated and also in ART-naive patients. ART-naive HIV-1-infected patients from Cameroon were subjected to a multimethod HIVDR analysis using amplification-refractory mutation system (ARMS)-PCR, Sanger sequencing, and longitudinal next-generation sequencing (NGS) to determine their profiles for the mutations K103N, Y181C, K65R, M184V, and T215F/Y. We processed 66 ART-naive HIV-1-positive patients with highly diverse subtypes that underlined the predominance of CRF02_AG and the increasing rate of F2 and other recombinant forms in Cameroon. We compared three resistance testing methods for 5 major mutation sites. Using Sanger sequencing, the overall prevalence of HIVDR mutations was 7.6% (5/66) and included all studied mutations except K65R. Comparing ARMS-PCR with Sanger sequencing as a reference, we obtained a sensitivity of 100% (5/5) and a specificity of 95% (58/61), caused by three false-positive calls with ARMS-PCR. For 32/66 samples, we obtained NGS data and we observed two additional mismatches made up of minority variants (7% and 18%) that might not be clinically relevant. Longitudinal NGS analyses revealed changes in HIVDR mutations in all five positive subjects that could not be attributed to treatment. In one of these cases, superinfection led to the temporary masking of a resistant virus. HIVDR mutations can be sensitively detected by ARMS-PCR and sequencing methods with comparable performances. Longitudinal changes in HIVDR mutations have to be considered even in the absence of treatment.
Cytomegalovirus Late Protein pUL31 Alters Pre-rRNA Expression and Nuclear Organization during Infection
Authors: Westdorp Kristen N. , Sand Andrea , Moorman Nathaniel J. , Terhune Scott S. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT
The replication cycle of human cytomegalovirus (CMV) leads to drastic reorganization of domains in the host cell nucleus. However, the mechanisms involved and how these domains contribute to infection are not well understood. Our recent studies defining the CMV-induced nuclear proteome identified several viral proteins of unknown functions, including a protein encoded by the UL31 gene. We set out to define the role of UL31 in CMV replication. UL31 is predicted to encode a 74-kDa protein, referred to as pUL31, containing a bipartite nuclear localization signal, an intrinsically disordered region overlapping arginine-rich motifs, and a C-terminal dUTPase-like structure. We observed that pUL31 is expressed with true late kinetics and is localized to nucleolin-containing nuclear domains. However, pUL31 is excluded from the viral nuclear replication center. Nucleolin is a marker of nucleoli, which are membrane-less regions involved in regulating ribosome biosynthesis and cellular stress responses. Other CMV proteins associate with nucleoli, and we demonstrate that pUL31 specifically interacts with the viral protein, pUL76. Coexpression of both proteins altered pUL31 localization and nucleolar organization. During infection, pUL31 colocalizes with nucleolin but not the transcriptional activator, UBF. In the absence of pUL31, CMV fails to reorganize nucleolin and UBF and exhibits a replication defect at a low multiplicity of infection. Finally, we observed that pUL31 is necessary and sufficient to reduce pre-rRNA levels, and this was dependent on the dUTPase-like motif in pUL31. Our studies demonstrate that CMV pUL31 functions in regulating nucleolar biology and contributes to the reorganization of nucleoli during infection.

IMPORTANCE
Nucleolar biology is important during CMV infection with the nucleolar protein, with nucleolin playing a role in maintaining the architecture of the viral nuclear replication center. However, the extent of CMV-mediated regulation of nucleolar biology is not well established. Proteins within nucleoli regulate ribosome biosynthesis and p53-dependent cellular stress responses that are capable of inducing cell cycle arrest and/or apoptosis, and they are proposed targets for cancer therapies. This study establishes that CMV protein pUL31 is necessary and sufficient to regulate nucleolar biology involving the reorganization of nucleolar proteins. Understanding these processes will help define approaches to stimulate cellular intrinsic stress responses that are capable of inhibiting CMV infection.
Pace of Coreceptor Tropism Switch in HIV-1-Infected Individuals after Recent Infection
Authors: Arif Muhammad Shoaib , Hunter James , Léda Ana Rachel , Zukurov Jean Paulo Lopes , Samer Sadia , Camargo Michelle , Galinskas Juliana , Kallás Esper Georges , Komninakis Shirley Vasconcelos , Janini Luiz Mario , Sucupira Maria Cecilia , Diaz Ricardo Sobhie 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

HIV-1 entry into target cells influences several aspects of HIV-1 pathogenesis, including viral tropism, HIV-1 transmission and disease progression, and response to entry inhibitors. The evolution from CCR5- to CXCR4-using strains in a given human host is still unpredictable. Here we analyzed timing and predictors for coreceptor evolution among recently HIV-1-infected individuals. Proviral DNA was longitudinally evaluated in 66 individuals using Geno2pheno
[coreceptor]
. Demographics, viral load, CD4
+
and CD8
+
T cell counts, CCR5Δ32 polymorphisms, GB virus C (GBV-C) coinfection, and HLA profiles were also evaluated. Ultradeep sequencing was performed on initial samples from 11 selected individuals. A tropism switch from CCR5- to CXCR4-using strains was identified in 9/49 (18.4%) individuals. Only a low baseline false-positive rate (FPR) was found to be a significant tropism switch predictor. No minor CXCR4-using variants were identified in initial samples of 4 of 5 R5/non-R5 switchers. Logistic regression analysis showed that patients with an FPR of >40.6% at baseline presented a stable FPR over time whereas lower FPRs tend to progressively decay, leading to emergence of CXCR4-using strains, with a mean evolution time of 27.29 months (range, 8.90 to 64.62). An FPR threshold above 40.6% determined by logistic regression analysis may make it unnecessary to further determine tropism for prediction of disease progression related to emergence of X4 strains or use of CCR5 antagonists. The detection of variants with intermediate FPRs and progressive FPR decay over time not only strengthens the power of Geno2pheno in predicting HIV tropism but also indirectly confirms a continuous evolution from earlier R5 variants toward CXCR4-using strains.

IMPORTANCE
The introduction of CCR5 antagonists in the antiretroviral arsenal has sparked interest in coreceptors utilized by HIV-1. Despite concentrated efforts, viral and human host features predicting tropism switch are still poorly understood. Limited longitudinal data are available to assess the influence that these factors have on predicting tropism switch and disease progression. The present study describes longitudinal tropism evolution in a group of recently HIV-infected individuals to determine the prevalence and potential correlates of tropism switch. We demonstrated here that a low baseline FPR determined by the Geno2pheno
[coreceptor]
algorithm can predict tropism evolution from CCR5 to CXCR4 coreceptor use.
Hepatitis C Virus NS5A Targets Nucleosome Assembly Protein NAP1L1 To Control the Innate Cellular Response
Authors: Çevik Recep Emrah , Cesarec Mia , Da Silva Filipe Ana , Licastro Danilo , McLauchlan John , Marcello Alessandro 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTHepatitis C virus(HCV) is a single-stranded positive-sense RNA hepatotropic virus. Despite cellular defenses, HCV is able to replicate in hepatocytes and to establish a chronic infection that could lead to severe complications and hepatocellular carcinoma. An important player in subverting the host response to HCV infection is the viral nonstructural protein NS5A, which, in addition to its role in replication and assembly, targets several pathways involved in the cellular response to viral infection. Several unbiased screens identified nucleosome assembly protein 1-like 1 (NAP1L1) as an interaction partner of HCV NS5A. Here we confirmed this interaction and mapped it to the C terminus of NS5A of both genotype 1 and 2. NS5A sequesters NAP1L1 in the cytoplasm, blocking its nuclear translocation. However, only NS5A from genotype 2 HCV, and not that from genotype 1, targets NAP1L1 for proteosome-mediated degradation. NAP1L1 is a nuclear chaperone involved in chromatin remodeling, and we demonstrated the NAP1L1-dependent regulation of specific pathways involved in cellular responses to viral infection and cell survival. Among those, we showed that lack of NAP1L1 leads to a decrease of RELA protein levels and a strong defect of IRF3 TBK1/IKKε-mediated phosphorylation, leading to inefficient RIG-I and Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) responses. Hence, HCV is able to modulate the host cell environment by targeting NAP1L1 through NS5A.IMPORTANCEViruses have evolved to replicate and to overcome antiviral countermeasures of the infected cell. Hepatitis C virus is capable of establishing a lifelong chronic infection in the liver, which could develop into cirrhosis and cancer. Chronic viruses are particularly able to interfere with the cellular antiviral pathways by several different mechanisms. In this study, we identified a novel cellular target of the viral nonstructural protein NS5A and demonstrated its role in antiviral signaling. This factor, called nucleosome assembly protein 1-like 1 (NAP1L1), is a nuclear chaperone involved in the remodeling of chromatin during transcription. When it is depleted, specific signaling pathways leading to antiviral effectors are affected. Therefore, we provide evidence for both a novel strategy of virus evasion from cellular immunity and a novel role for a cellular protein, which has not been described to date.