bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel thromboxane receptor antagonist, nstpbp5185, inhibits platelet aggregation and thrombus formation in animal models
Authors: Huang Shiu-Wen , Kuo Heng-Lan , Hsu Ming-Tsung , Tseng Yufeng Jane , Lin Shu-Wha , Kuo Sheng-Chu , Peng Hui-Chin , Lien Jin-Cherng , Huang Tur-Fu 
Published: May 2016

SummaryA novel benzimidazole derivative, nstpbp5185, was discovered through in vitro and in vivo evaluations for antiplatelet activity. Thro-maboxane receptor (TP) is important in vascular physiology, haemostasis and pathophysiological thrombosis. Nstpbp5185 concentration-dependently inhibited human platelet aggregation caused by collagen, arachidonic acid and U46619. Nstpbp5185 caused a right-shift of the concentration-response curve of U46619 and competitively inhibited the binding of 3H-SQ-29548 to TP receptor expressed on HEK-293 cells, with an IC50 of 0.1 μM, indicating that nstpbp5185 is a TP antagonist. In murine thrombosis models, nstpbp5185 significantly prolonged the latent period in triggering platelet plug formation in mesenteric and FeCl3-induced thrombi formation, and increased the survival rate in pulmonary embolism model with less bleeding than aspirin. This study suggests nstpbp5185, an orally selective antithrombotic agent, acting through blockade of TXA2 receptor, may be efficacious for prevention or treatment of pathologic thrombosis.Supplementary Material to this article is available online at www.thrombosis-online.com.
Associations of Trauma Exposure and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms With Venous Thromboembolism Over 22 Years in Women
Authors: Sumner Jennifer A. , Kubzansky Laura D. , Kabrhel Christopher , Roberts Andrea L. , Chen Qixuan , Winning Ashley , Gilsanz Paola , Rimm Eric B. , Glymour Maria M. , Koenen Karestan C. 
Published: May 2016

Background

Trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder (
PTSD
) have been linked to myocardial infarction and stroke in women, with biological and behavioral mechanisms implicated in underlying risk. The third most common cardiovascular illness, venous thromboembolism (
VTE
), is a specific health risk for women. Given previous associations with other cardiovascular diseases, we hypothesized that high levels of trauma and
PTSD
symptoms would be associated with higher risk of incident
VTE
in younger and middle‐aged women.

Methods and Results

We used proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios (
HR
s) and 95%
CI
s for new‐onset
VTE
(960 events) over 22 years in 49 296 women in the Nurses’ Health Study
II
. Compared to no trauma exposure, both trauma exposure and
PTSD
symptoms were significantly associated with increased risk of developing
VTE
, adjusting for demographics, family history, and childhood adiposity. Women with the most
PTSD
symptoms exhibited the greatest risk elevation: trauma/6 to 7 symptoms:
HR
=2.42 (95%
CI
, 1.83–3.20); trauma/4 to 5 symptoms:
HR
=2.00 (95%
CI
, 1.55–2.59); trauma/1 to 3 symptoms:
HR
=1.44 (95%
CI
, 1.12–1.84); trauma/no symptoms:
HR
=1.72 (95%
CI
, 1.43–2.08). Results were similar, although attenuated, when adjusting for
VTE
‐relevant medications, medical conditions, and health behaviors.

Conclusions

Women with the highest
PTSD
symptom levels had nearly a 2‐fold increased risk of
VTE
compared to women without trauma exposure in fully adjusted models. Trauma exposure alone was also associated with elevated
VTE
risk. Trauma and
PTSD
symptoms may be associated with a hypercoagulable state. Treatment providers should be aware that women with trauma exposure and
PTSD
symptoms may be vulnerable to
VTE
.
The Measured Relationship between Ice Water Content and Cloud Radar Reflectivity in Tropical Convective Clouds
Authors: Protat A. , Delanoë J. , Strapp J. W. , Fontaine E. , Leroy D. , Schwarzenboeck A. , Lilie L. , Davison C. , Dezitter F. , Grandin A. , Weber M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn this paper, unprecedented bulk measurements of ice water content (IWC) up to approximately 5 g m−3 and 95-GHz radar reflectivities Z95 are used to analyze the statistical relationship between these two quantities and its variability. The unique aspect of this study is that these IWC–Z95 relationships do not use assumptions on cloud microphysics or backscattering calculations. IWCs greater than 2 g m−3 are also included for the first time in such an analysis, owing to improved bulk IWC probe technology and a flight program targeting high ice water content. Using a single IW–Z95 relationship allows for the retrieval of IWC from radar reflectivities with less than 30% bias and 40%–70% rms difference. These errors can be reduced further, down to 10%–20% bias over the whole IWC range, using the temperature variability of this relationship. IWC errors largely increase for Z95 > 16 dBZ, as a result of the distortion of the IWC–Z95 relationship by non-Rayleigh scattering effects. A nonlinear relationship is proposed to reduce these errors down to 20% bias and 20%–35% rms differences. This nonlinear relationship also outperforms the temperature-dependent IWC–Z95 relationship for convective profiles. The joint frequency distribution of IWC and temperature within and around deep tropical convective cores shows that at the −50° ± 5°C level, the cruise altitude of many commercial jet aircraft, IWCs greater than 1.5 g m−3 were found exclusively in convective profiles.
Estimation of Weather Noise in Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Systems Using Initialized Simulations
Authors: Zhu Jieshun , Shukla Jagadish 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
This study presents a new method to estimate atmospheric weather noise from coupled models, which is based on initialized simulations with a CGCM. In this method, the weather noise is estimated by removing the signal part, as determined from the coupled ensemble mean simulations. The weather noise estimated from coupled models is compared with that estimated from uncoupled AGCM simulations. The model used in this study is CFSv2. The initialized simulations start from each April during 1982–2009 paired with four members and extend for 6 months. To make a clear comparison between weather noise in coupled and uncoupled simulations, a set of uncoupled AGCM (the atmospheric component of CFSv2) simulations are conducted, which are forced by the daily mean SSTs from the above initialized CGCM simulations. The comparison indicates that, over the Asia–Pacific monsoon region where the local air–sea coupling is important, the noise variances are generally reduced as a result of air–sea coupling, as are the total and signal variances. This result stands in contrast to the results of previous studies that suggested that the noise variance for coupled and uncoupled models is the same. It is shown that the previous conclusion is simply an artifact of the assumption applied in the AGCM-based approach (i.e., the signal is the same between coupled and uncoupled simulations). In addition, the variance difference also exhibits a clear seasonality, with a larger difference over the monsoon region appearing toward boreal summer. Another set of AGCM experiments forced by the same SST suggests that the CGCM-based method generally remains valid in estimating weather noise within 2 months of its initial start.
Impact of Environmental Aerosols on a Developing Extratropical Cyclone in the Superparameterized Community Atmosphere Model
Authors: Lu Yi , Deng Yi 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The impacts of environmental aerosols on the growth of an extratropical cyclone in a realistic winter flow setting are investigated using the superparameterized Community Atmosphere Model (SP-CAM) where cloud-scale dynamics and thermodynamics are explicitly resolved. An examination of the results from 13 ensemble pairs suggests that the growth rate of the cyclone is temporarily reduced as a result of increased aerosol concentrations. A convection–advection–moisture self-adjustment (CAMS) mechanism of aerosol–cyclone interaction is proposed to explain this finding. Specifically, the weakened growth is unambiguously attributed to the weakening of the cold advection underneath the midtropospheric trough of the cyclone. The weakened cold advection is in turn driven by a decrease of the zonal temperature gradient that is tied to the reduced latent heating in the stratiform cloud region of the cyclone. Invigoration of convection ahead of the cold front by aerosols is found to be directly responsible for a suppressed moisture supply into the stratiform cloud region and thus the reduced latent heating there. The regional climate implications of these results are discussed. Also highlighted is the importance of incorporating aerosol microphysical effects on deep convection in any modeling effort that aims to understand aerosol–circulation interaction at the extratropics.
Value of the Jason-1 Geodetic Phase to Study Rapid Oceanic Changes and Importance for Defining a Jason-2 Geodetic Orbit
Authors: Dibarboure G. , Morrow R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBecause of the drifting nature of the ground track of Jason-1 during its geodetic mission (GM), there are 1200 overlap events where the Jason-1 GM and Jason-2 tracks align perfectly (less than their altimeter footprint radius) over thousands of kilometers. These overlap events sample homogeneously all longitudes and all time differences (dt) ranging from a few minutes to 10 days or more.When dt is almost zero, the difference is characterized by altimeter noise and its modulation by waves. As dt increases, the rapid ocean variability is revealed. The first statistical analysis of the 1200 events yields variance maps, spectra, autocorrelation, and space–time scales that are consistent with past observations (e.g., the 3-day phase of ERS-1). This paper highlights the value of this Jason-1 GM overlap dataset for more sophisticated studies of the rapid ocean variability. There are two major limitations: 1) the noise level of Jason-class altimeters prevents analyzing scales smaller than 80 km and 2) short time differences also absorb a fraction of the derivative of slower signals.These findings are important if a geodetic mission is considered for Jason-2 in the coming years (e.g., when the satellite starts to exhibit aging problems): a well-chosen geodetic orbit for Jason-2 has the potential to collect a better distribution of overlap events with Jason-3. To that extent, thousands of orbits were screened to find the options that would provide good geodetic and mesoscale sampling and also maximize the overlap sampling of a tentative Jason-2 GM phase.
Polarimetric Radar Observations of Precipitation Type and Rate from the 2–3 March 2014 Winter Storm in Oklahoma and Arkansas
Authors: Van Den Broeke Matthew S. , Tobin Dana M. , Kumjian Matthew R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA powerful winter storm affected the south-central United States in early March 2014, accompanied by elevated convective cells with hail and high rates of sleet, freezing rain, and snow. During portions of the event the thermal profile exhibited a shallow surface cold layer and warm, unstable air aloft. Precipitation falling into the cold layer refroze into ice pellets and was accompanied by a polarimetric refreezing signature and numerous crowdsourced surface ice pellet reports. Quasi-vertical profiles of the polarimetric variables indicated an enhanced reflectivity factor ZHH below the melting layer bright band and enhanced low-level differential reflectivity ZDR values coincident with surface ice pellet reports. Freezing rain rate was highest in areas with high ZHH and specific differential phase KDP values at low levels. High snow rates were most closely associated with 1- and 1.5-km ZHH values, though KDP and ZDR also appeared to show some ability to distinguish high snow rate. Numerous elevated convective cells contained rotating updrafts that appeared to contribute to storm longevity and intensity. Most contained well-defined ZDR maxima or columns and relatively high base-scan ZDR values. Several contained polarimetric signatures consistent with heavy mixed-phase precipitation and hail; social media reports indicated that large hail was produced by some of the storms.
Health Behavior Combinations and Their Association With Inflammation
Authors: Loprinzi Paul D. 
Published: May 2016

Purpose: Studies have examined the independent and additive effects of health behaviors (e.g., physical activity, diet, sleep, and smoking) on systemic inflammation, but we know little about whether different pairs of these behaviors differentially influence inflammation, which was the purpose of this study. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005–2006. Subjects: A total of 2051 adults (≥20 years). Measures: A questionnaire/interview was used to assess sleep and dietary behavior; physical activity was assessed via accelerometry; smoking was assessed via cotinine levels; and a blood sample was taken to assess systemic inflammation (C-reactive protein; [CRP]). Analysis: Multivariable linear regression analysis. Results: Six health behavior pairs were evaluated: (1) active and healthy diet, (2) active and adequate sleep, (3) active and nonsmoker, (4) healthy diet and adequate sleep, (5) healthy diet and nonsmoker, and (6) adequate sleep and nonsmoker. After adjusting for age, gender, race-ethnicity, poverty level, and chronic disease, only active and nonsmoker (β = −.15) and healthy diet and adequate sleep (β = −.16) were associated with CRP. Conclusion: Regular physical activity and smoking avoidance and healthy eating and adequate sleep were the two health behavior pairs associated with less inflammation. This suggests that certain health behaviors may act synergistically on reducing systemic inflammation, whereas other health behavior combinations may not. Such knowledge may help to develop and implement tailored health behavior interventions.
Baseline Predictors of Singular Action Among Participants With Multiple Health Behavior Risks
Authors: Yusufov Miryam , Prochaska James O. , Paiva Andrea L. , Rossi Joseph S. , Blissmer Bryan , Redding Colleen A. , Velicer Wayne F. 
Published: May 2016

Purpose: Previous studies found that treatment effects can change two behaviors, but not one. This study examined baseline transtheoretical model constructs as three alternative predictors (stage of change, effort, and severity) of singular action among participants with co-occurring health behavior risks. Design: The study examined participants at risk for three pairs of behaviors (sun and smoking; smoking and diet; and diet and sun). Analyses were conducted with participants who changed only one behavior in a pair (singular action). Setting: School and home-based behavior change programs recruited participants via schools, worksites, and physician practices. School, worksite, medical, and home-based prevention programs were the study setting. Subjects: The sample (N = 3213) was age 44.6 years (SD, 11.1 years), 94.6% white, and 63.7% female. Measures: Stages of change, effort, and severity variables were measured. Analysis: Pooled data were analyzed using logistic regressions from three randomized controlled trials. Results: Across all three behaviors, stage of change, effort, and severity effects were consistently related to behavior change at 24 months. Change efforts on one behavior were related to change on another behavior. Baseline sun severity (odds ratio, .97 [.94, 1.00]; p = .046) and smoking severity (odds ratio, .89 [.80, .98]; p = .019) were significant predictors of change on diet at final follow-up. Conclusion: Stage of change was the biggest predictor. Problem severity was the smallest predictor of change at 2-year follow-up. Four of six predictors were within behaviors, whereas two were between.
The Experience With Smoke-Free Policies in Affordable Multiunit Housing in North Carolina
Authors: Stein Anna H. , Baker Laura E. , Agans Robert P. , Xue Wei , Collins Nina M. , Suttie Janet L. 
Published: May 2016

Purpose: Previous surveys of housing operators have identified concerns about enforcement, legal issues, and loss of market share as the main barriers to implementing smoke-free policies in multiunit housing. The purpose of this study was to examine enforcement practices as well as economic and legal outcomes in smoke-free affordable multiunit housing. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Affordable multiunit housing in North Carolina. Subjects: Affordable multiunit housing properties (n = 1063, 57% response rate). Measures: Property representatives completed a written survey with questions regarding the existence of smoke-free policies, smoke-free policy implementation and enforcement practices, and smoking-related costs. Analysis: Descriptive statistics, χ2 goodness-of-fit test, and t-test. Results: A total of 16.5% of properties had policies that prohibited smoking in all residential units. Half (49.8%) of smoke-free properties reported no violations to their policies in the past 12 months. Legal actions to enforce policies were rarely needed and were successful when they did occur. Compared to smoking-allowed properties, smoke-free properties did not experience a loss of market share in terms of occupancy rate ( t = .09; p = .93) or residents moving away (χ2 =. 5; p = .48). Conclusion: Housing operators’ concerns about enforcement, legal issues, and loss of market share associated with smoke-free policies are largely unfounded among affordable housing properties in North Carolina. Public health professionals should use messaging strategies that refute these concerns to encourage more properties to adopt smoke-free policies.
Globalisation and Third Way Theories: The Beleaguered Family and the Marginalisation of Women
Authors: Abraham Taisha 
Published: May 2016

The neoliberal logic of globalisation that shapes today’s world imposes certain roles on the family and the community as important social units for the regeneration of civil society, best done through the reform discourse of Third Way theories. Third Way thinking resurfaced in the vacuum created by the collapse of the Soviet bloc, the retreat of socialism and the inadequacy of unfettered neoliberalism as an effective alternative. The Third Way move to create a public space through the family and the community, separate from state structures and marketplace compulsions, to foster ‘dialogic democracy’ and civil morality poses several problems for women. The first relates to the renewal of family and community, both ‘essentially contested concepts’, without addressing the inequities embedded in these units. The second concerns the onus of renewing and regulating democracy by shifting from the state to civil society, whereby individuals gain agency and class/caste/gender/race and other structural differences are erased. Globalisation intersects in ambivalent ways with already existing caste/class/gender/race relations, rendering complex the notion of using these social units as tools for civil regeneration. Third Way theories do not necessarily re-invent the family and the community as social units; they merely re-orient them to the demands of neoliberalism. These theories must locate the family and the community within the global context of the restructuring of capital itself and perceive capitalism as setting limits on the extent to which both these units can be reformed or regulated.
D-serine in the midbrain periaqueductal gray contributes to morphine tolerance in rats
Authors: Cao Song , Xiao Zhi , Sun Mengjie , Li Youyan 
Published: May 2016

Background The N-methyl-D-aspartate subtype of glutamate receptor plays a critical role in morphine tolerance. D-serine, a co-agonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, participates in many physiological and pathophysiological processes via regulating N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activation. The purinergic P2X7 receptor activation can induce the D-serine release in the central nervous system. This study aimed to investigate the role of the ventrolateral midbrain periaqueductal gray D-serine in the mechanism of morphine tolerance in rats. The development of morphine tolerance was induced in normal adult male Sprague–Dawley rats through subcutaneous injection of morphine (10 mg/kg). The analgesic effect of morphine (5 mg/kg, i.p.) was assessed by measuring mechanical withdrawal thresholds in rats with an electronic von Frey anesthesiometer. The D-serine concentration and serine racemase expression levels in the ventrolateral midbrain periaqueductal gray were evaluated through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot analysis, respectively. The effects of intra-ventrolateral midbrain periaqueductal gray injections of the D-serine degrading enzyme D-amino acid oxidase and antisense oligodeoxynucleotide targeting the P2X7 receptor on chronic morphine-treated rats were also explored. Results We found that repeated morphine administrations decreased the antinociceptive potency of morphine evidenced by the percent changes in mechanical pain threshold in rats. By contrast, the D-serine contents and the expression levels of the serine racemase protein were upregulated in the ventrolateral midbrain periaqueductal gray in morphine-tolerant rats. The development of morphine tolerance was markedly alleviated by intra-ventrolateral midbrain periaqueductal gray injections of D-amino acid oxidase or antisense oligodeoxynucleotide targeting the P2X7 receptor. Conclusions Our data indicate that the development of antinociceptive tolerance to morphine is partially mediated by ventrolateral midbrain periaqueductal gray D-serine content, and the activation of the ventrolateral midbrain periaqueductal gray P2X7 receptor is an essential prelude to D-serine release. These results suggest that a cascade involving P2X7 receptor–D-serine–N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor mediated signaling pathway in the supraspinal mechanism of morphine tolerance.
Delayed presentation of a carotid pseudoaneurysm following penetrating neck trauma
Authors: Alfawaz Abdullah , Li Xiaoyi , Kénel-Pierre Stefan , Yang Jane , Rey Jorge , Robinson Handel 
Published: May 2016

Objective: Penetrating carotid trauma in a hemodynamically stable patient invariably presents with a pseudoaneurysm on initial imaging. Although extremely rare, delayed pseudoaneurysm formation has been reported. The purpose of this paper is to define this rare entity and propose a diagnostic and treatment plan. Methods: We present a case of delayed presentation of carotid pseudoaneurysm following penetrating neck trauma. A systematic review of the literature was performed. Results: A 21-year-old male presents to the trauma center after sustaining a gunshot wound to the left upper back resulting in a zone 2 hematoma and pneumothorax. Bullet fragment artifact interfered with computed tomography. Carotid angiogram was normal. The patient was discharged after 3 days. He returned to the Emergency Department 3 months later with a painful pulsatile hematoma. Computed tomography angiogram revealed a 6-cm pseudoaneurysm arising from the proximal left internal carotid artery (ICA). A left common carotid artery (CCA) to ICA bypass with reversed great saphenous vein was performed. The patient’s post-operative course was uneventful, neurologic deficits improved, and he was discharged. Conclusion: Delayed presentation of traumatic pseudoaneurysms has been reported, although usually these cases are iatrogenic access complications in extremities. While endovascular therapies are first line for zone 1 and 3 vascular injuries, management of zone 2 injuries is still controversial. This patient was treated with a bypass due to the need to evacuate the hematoma that was exerting a mass effect in the neck.