bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early changes of brain connectivity in primary open angle glaucoma
Authors: Frezzotti Paolo , Giorgio Antonio , Toto Francesca , De Leucio Alessandro , De Stefano Nicola 
Published: August 2016

AbstractOur aim was to assess in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), a major cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, whether diffuse brain changes recently shown in advanced stage can be detected since the early stage. We used multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 57 patients with the three POAG stages and in 29 age‐matched normal controls (NC). Voxelwise statistics was performed with nonparametric permutation testing. Compared with NC, disrupted anatomical connectivity (AC) was found in the whole POAG group along the visual pathway and in nonvisual white matter tracts (P < 0.001). Moreover, POAG patients showed decreased functional connectivity (FC) in the visual (P = 0.004) and working memory (P < 0.001) networks whereas an increase occurred in the default mode (P = 0.002) and subcortical (P < 0.001) networks. Altered AC and FC were already present in early POAG (n = 14) in both visual and nonvisual systems (P ≤ 0.01). Only severe POAG (n = 30) showed gray matter atrophy and this mapped on visual cortex (P < 0.001) and hippocampus (P < 0.001). Increasing POAG stage was associated with worsening AC in both visual and nonvisual pathway (P < 0.001), progressive atrophy in the hippocampus and frontal cortex (P < 0.003). Most of the structural and functional alterations within and outside the visual system showed correlation (P < 0.001 to 0.02) with computerized visual field and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness. In conclusion, the complex pathogenesis of POAG includes widespread damage of AC and altered FC within and beyond the visual system since the early disease stage. The association of brain MRI changes with measures of visual severity emphasizes the clinical relevance of our findings. Hum Brain Mapp 37:4581–4596, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
In vivo assessment of periodontal structures and measurement of gingival sulcus with Optical Coherence Tomography: a pilot study
Authors: Fernandes Luana Osório , Mota Cláudia Cristina Brainer Oliveira , de Melo Luciana Santos Afonso , da Costa Soares Manuella Uilmann Silva , da Silva Feitosa Daniela , Gomes Anderson Stevens Leônidas 
Published: August 2016

There has been increasing interest on the development of clinically acceptable, more sensitive and specific methods for non‐invasive diagnosis in Periodontics. In this pilot study, the performance of an Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) system in imaging periodontal structures in humans was evaluated. Gingival sulcus depth measurements were obtained and compared with traditional probes. In total, 445 sites of 23 periodontally healthy individuals were measured by 3 instruments: North Carolina manual probe, Florida automated probe and OCT at 1325 nm. To obtain quantitative measurements from OCT images, the gingival refractive index was also determined. Discomfort/pain perception and the duration of examinations were compared among the instruments. The analysis of OCT images allowed the identification of relevant anatomic dental and periodontal regions. The average sulcus depth measured by OCT, 0.85 ± 0.27 mm and 0.87 ± 0.28 mm, was lower than the values obtained by manual and automated probing. Discomfort/pain were prevalent for traditional probes, which are invasive methods, than for the non‐invasive OCT technique. OCT has the potential to be a reliable tool for in vivo periodontal tissues evaluation and for reproducible sulcus depth measurements in healthy sites. Further technological advances are required to reduce the procedure time and promote evaluation of posterior oral regions.
Photonic assessment of periodontal tissue with OCT (top) in a clinical environment, showing tooth/gingiva features (bottom).magnified imagePhotonic assessment of periodontal tissue with OCT (top) in a clinical environment, showing tooth/gingiva features (bottom).
FGF21 Is Not a Major Mediator for Bone Homeostasis or Metabolic Actions of PPARα and PPARγ Agonists
Authors: Li Xiaodong , Stanislaus Shanaka , Asuncion Frank , Niu Qing-Tian , Chinookoswong Narumol , Villasenor Kelly , Wang Jin , Wong Philip , Boyce Rogely , Dwyer Denise , Han Chun-Ya , Chen Michelle M , Liu Benxian , Stolina Marina , Ke Hua Zhu , Ominsky Michael S , Véniant Murielle M , Xu Jing 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT

Results of prior studies suggest that fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) may be involved in bone turnover and in the actions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α and γ in mice. We have conducted independent studies to examine the effects of FGF21 on bone homeostasis and the role of FGF21 in PPARα and γ actions. High-fat-diet-induced obesity (DIO) mice were administered vehicle or recombinant human FGF21 (rhFGF21) intraperitoneally at 0 (vehicle), 0.1, 1, and 3 mg/kg daily for 2 weeks. Additional groups of DIO mice received water or 10 mg/kg rosiglitazone daily. Mice treated with rhFGF21 or rosiglitazone showed expected metabolic improvements in glucose, insulin, and lipid levels. However, bone loss was not detected in rhFGF21-treated mice by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), micro-CT, and histomorphometric analyses. Mineral apposition rate, a key bone formation parameter, was unchanged by rhFGF21, while significantly decreased by rosiglitazone in DIO mice. Bone resorption markers, OPG/RANKL mRNA expression, and histological bone resorption indices were unchanged by rhFGF21 or rosiglitazone. Bone marrow fat was unchanged by rhFGF21, while increased by rosiglitazone. Furthermore, FGF21 knockout mice did not show high bone mass phenotype. Treatment with PPARα or PPARγ agonists caused similar metabolic effects in FGF21 knockout and wild-type mice. These results contrast with previous findings and suggest that FGF21 is not critical for bone homeostasis or actions of PPARα and PPARγ. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
The Impact of Integrated Psychological Services in a Safety Net Primary Care Clinic on Medical Utilization
Authors: Lanoye Autumn , Stewart Karen E. , Rybarczyk Bruce D. , Auerbach Stephen M. , Sadock Elizabeth , Aggarwal Arpita , Waller Rachel , Wolver Susan , Austin Kristin 
Published: August 2016

ObjectiveThe integration of psychological and behavioral health services into safety net primary care clinics has been viewed as a step toward reducing disparities in mental health treatment and addressing behavioral factors in chronic diseases. Though it is posited that integrated behavioral health (IBH) reduces preventable medical costs, this premise has yet to be tested in a safety net primary care clinic.MethodRetrospective pre‐ and posttreatment analysis with quasi‐experimental control group was constructed using propensity score matching. Participants included 1,440 adult patients at a safety net primary care clinic, 720 of whom received IBH services, and 720 of whom received medical treatment only.ResultsAnalysis showed that rates of preventable inpatient utilization decreased significantly among IBH‐treated patients compared to no change among control patients.ConclusionIBH was associated with decreased rates of preventable inpatient visits. IBH may present opportunities to deliver improved holistic patient care while reducing unnecessary inpatient medical utilization.
Effect of Low‐Furanocoumarin Hybrid Grapefruit Juice Consumption on Midazolam Pharmacokinetics
Authors: Kawaguchi‐Suzuki Marina , Nasiri‐Kenari Negar , Shuster Jonathan , Gmitter Jr. Fred G. , Cancalon Paul , de Oliveria Felipe , Kight Jennifer , Handberg Eileen M. , Pepine Carl J. , Frye Reginald F. , Cooper‐DeHoff Rhonda M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of grapefruit juice low in furanocoumarins on CYP3A activity and to summarize previous findings of enzyme inhibition measured by the metabolism of midazolam after intake of grapefruit juice. Twelve healthy volunteers participated in a prospective, randomized, double‐blinded, 3‐way crossover clinical study to determine the effect of regular grapefruit juice (RGJ) and a novel, low‐furanocoumarin hybrid grapefruit juice (HGJ) on the metabolism of oral midazolam, used as a probe for in vivo CYP3A activity, compared with water as a control. The RGJ was 100% hand‐squeezed “Hudson” grapefruit juice, and the HGJ contained low amounts of furanocoumarin constituents. The point estimates (90% confidence intervals) for the RGJ/water midazolam AUC geometric mean ratio was 122% (107‐140). The point estimate for the HGJ/water midazolam AUC ratio was within the 80% to 125% bioequivalence range, indicating an absence of interaction. This finding also prompted a systematic review of available evidence on the pharmacokinetic alteration of midazolam by grapefruit juice. Although most studies demonstrated alteration in midazolam pharmacokinetics supporting inhibition of CYP3A activity as a likely mechanism, the cohorts included in these studies and the extent of the pharmacokinetic interaction varied widely. The current study indicated grapefruit juice‐drug interaction varies substantially based on patient characteristics and/or grapefruit juice product‐related factors, including the amount of furanocoumarin constituents present in the juice.
Targeted and untargeted profiling of alkaloids in herbal extracts using online solid‐phase extraction and high‐resolution mass spectrometry (Q‐Orbitrap)
Authors: Nardin Tiziana , Piasentier Edi , Barnaba Chiara , Larcher Roberto 
Published: August 2016

The biological activity of alkaloids (ALKs) and the different content of these natural products in herbs and plants have made them an attractive field for chemical studies.A screening method automatically combining online solid‐phase purification and concentration of samples with analysis using ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography coupled with a hybrid quadrupole orbitrap mass spectrometer was developed and is reported in this paper. The proposed quantification method was validated for 35 ALKs with reference to pure analytical standards. A further 48 ALKs were identified on the basis of their accurate mass and characterised for chromatographic retention time and fragmentation profile, following their confirmation in extracts of herbs already well documented in the literature. More than 250 other untargeted ALKs were also tentatively identified using literature information, such as exact mass and isotopic pattern. The mass spectrometer operated in positive ion mode and mass spectra were acquired, with full MS‐data‐dependent MS/MS analysis (full MS–dd MS/MS) at a resolution of 140 000.The method was linear up to an ALK concentration of 1000/3000 µg l−1, with R2 always >0.99 and limits of detection ranging between 0.04 and 10 µg l−1. Accuracy, expressed as the recovery relative error, had a median value of 7.4%, and precision (relative standard deviation %) was generally lower than 10% throughout the quantitation range. The proposed method was then used to investigate the targeted and untargeted ALK profile of a selection of 18 alpine herbal plants, establishing that pyrrolizidine, pyrrolidine and piperidine ALKs were the most well represented. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The sound of cooperation: Musical influences on cooperative behavior
Authors: Kniffin Kevin M. , Yan Jubo , Wansink Brian , Schulze William D. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryMusic as an environmental aspect of professional workplaces has been closely studied with respect to consumer behavior while sparse attention has been given to its relevance for employee behavior. In this article, we focus on the influence of music upon cooperative behavior within decision‐making groups. Based on results from two extended 20‐round public goods experiments, we find that happy music significantly and positively influences cooperative behavior. We also find a significant positive association between mood and cooperative behavior. Consequently, while our studies provide partial support for the relevance of affect in relation to cooperation within groups, we also show an independently important function of happy music that fits with a theory of synchronous and rhythmic activity as a social lubricant. More generally, our findings indicate that music and perhaps other atmospheric variables that are designed to prime consumer behavior might have comparably important effects for employees and consequently warrant closer investigation. Copyright © 2016 The Authors Journal of Organizational Behavior Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Factors influencing the efficacy of iodine foliar sprays used for biofortifying butterhead lettuce (Lactuca sativa)
Authors: Lawson Patrick G. , Daum Diemo , Czauderna Roman , Vorsatz Carsten 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIodine biofortification of butterhead lettuce (Lactuca sativa) via foliar sprays was investigated in field trials, focusing on assessing the influence of the time and application method. The iodine (I) concentrations in the edible plant parts increased when potassium iodide (KI) and potassium iodate (KIO3) solutions were sprayed at doses up to 0.25 kg I ha−1 on different dates close to harvest. Crop yield and marketable quality were not significantly affected by I treatments. A greater efficacy of KI was frequently observed and probably related to its lower point of deliquescence and smaller anion size in comparison with KIO3. KI sprays on butterhead lettuce at different times of the day resulted in a higher I enrichment when applied at 11:00 and 15:00 h. The diurnal variation in I uptake may reflect the impact of fluctuating climatic conditions at the time of application. Iodine treatments at different application dates near harvest led to an increasing I concentration in the vegetable produce that could be related to the rising shoot fresh mass and leaf area. When KI and KIO3 were sprayed simultaneously with commercial calcium fertilizers, fungicides or insecticides, I accumulation in butterhead lettuce was not negatively affected or in some cases even significantly enhanced. The results show that foliar sprays of KI and KIO3 are an effective method to biofortify butterhead lettuce with I and this approach may easily be implemented as a routine method in commercial cultivation.
Phase‐contrast MRI with hybrid one and two‐sided flow‐encoding and velocity spectrum separation
Authors: Wang Da , Shao Jiaxin , Ennis Daniel B. , Hu Peng 
Published: August 2016

PurposeTo develop and evaluate a phase‐contrast MRI (PC‐MRI) technique with hybrid one and two‐sided flow‐encoding and velocity spectrum separation (HOTSPA) for accelerated blood flow and velocity measurement.MethodsIn the HOTSPA technique, the two‐sided flow encoding (FE) is used for two FE directions and one‐sided is used for the remaining FE direction. Such a temporal modulation of the FE strategy allows for separations of the Fourier velocity spectrum into components for the flow‐compensated and the three‐directional velocity waveforms, accelerating PC‐MRI by encoding three‐directional velocities using only two repetition times (TRs) instead of four TRs as in standard PC‐MRI. The HOTSPA was evaluated and compared with standard PC‐MRI in the common carotid arteries of six healthy volunteers.ResultsTotal volumetric flow and peak velocity measurements based on HOTSPA and the conventional PC‐MRI were in good agreement with a bias of −0.005 mL (−0.1% relative bias error) for total volumetric flow and 1.21 cm/s (1.1% relative bias error) for peak velocity, although the total acquisition time was 50% of the conventional PC‐MRI.ConclusionThe proposed HOTSPA technique achieved nearly two‐fold acceleration of PC‐MRI while maintaining accuracy for total volumetric flow and peak velocity quantification by separating the paired acquisitions in the Fourier velocity spectrum domain. Magn Reson Med 78:182–192, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Metabolomics‐identified metabolites associated with body mass index and prospective weight gain among Mexican American women
Authors: Zhao H. , Shen J. , Djukovic D. , Daniel‐MacDougall C. , Gu H. , Wu X. , Chow W. ‐H. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryObjectiveObesity is a metabolic disease. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms linking metabolic profiles and weight gain are largely unknown.MethodsHere, we used semi‐targeted metabolomics to assay 156 metabolites selected from 25 key metabolic pathways in plasma samples from 300 non‐smoking healthy women identified from Mano‐A‐Mano, the Mexican American Cohort study. The study subjects were randomly divided into two cohorts: training (N = 200) and testing (N = 100) cohorts. Linear regression and Cox proportional hazard regression were used to assess the effect of body mass index (BMI) at baseline on metabolite levels and the effects of metabolites on significant weight gain during a 5‐year follow‐up.ResultsAt baseline, we observed 7 metabolites significantly associated with BMI in both training and testing cohorts. They were Methyl succinate, Asparagine, Urate, Kynurenic acid, Glycine, Glutamic acid, and Serine. In further analysis, we identified 6 metabolites whose levels at baseline predicted significant weight gain during 5‐year follow‐up in both cohorts. They were Acetylcholine, Leucine, Hippuric acid, Acetylglycine, Urate, and Xanthine.ConclusionsThe findings establish the baseline metabolic profiles for BMI, and suggest new metabolic targets for researchers attempting to understand the molecular mechanisms of weight gain and obesity.
Allosteric HIV‐1 integrase inhibitors promote aberrant protein multimerization by directly mediating inter‐subunit interactions: Structural and thermodynamic modeling studies
Authors: Deng Nanjie , Hoyte Ashley , Mansour Yara E. , Mohamed Mosaad S. , Fuchs James R. , Engelman Alan N. , Kvaratskhelia Mamuka , Levy Ronald 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAllosteric HIV‐1 integrase (IN) inhibitors (ALLINIs) bind at the dimer interface of the IN catalytic core domain (CCD), and potently inhibit HIV‐1 by promoting aberrant, higher‐order IN multimerization. Little is known about the structural organization of the inhibitor‐induced IN multimers and important questions regarding how ALLINIs promote aberrant IN multimerization remain to be answered. On the basis of physical chemistry principles and from our analysis of experimental information, we propose that inhibitor‐induced multimerization is mediated by ALLINIs directly promoting inter‐subunit interactions between the CCD dimer and a C‐terminal domain (CTD) of another IN dimer. Guided by this hypothesis, we have built atomic models of inter‐subunit interfaces in IN multimers by incorporating information from hydrogen‐deuterium exchange (HDX) measurements to drive protein‐protein docking. We have also developed a novel free energy simulation method to estimate the effects of ALLINI binding on the association of the CCD and CTD. Using this structural and thermodynamic modeling approach, we show that multimer inter‐subunit interface models can account for several experimental observations about ALLINI‐induced multimerization, including large differences in the potencies of various ALLINIs, the mechanisms of resistance mutations, and the crucial role of solvent exposed R‐groups in the high potency of certain ALLINIs. Our study predicts that CTD residues Tyr226, Trp235 and Lys266 are involved in the aberrant multimer interfaces. The key finding of the study is that it suggests the possibility of ALLINIs facilitating inter‐subunit interactions between an external CTD and the CCD‐CCD dimer interface.
Carbon concentration measurement in silicon down to 1014 cm‐3: second generation IR, SIMS, CPAA and standardization
Authors: Inoue Naohisa 
Published: August 2016

AbstractCarbon concentration ([C]) measurement down to 1×1014 cm‐3 was examined by infrared absorption spectroscopy (IR), secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) and charged particle activation analysis (CPAA). In IR, the reference problem and the phonon problem were solved. By electron irradiation, substitutional carbon Cs was converted to IR insensitive interstitial carbon Ci. A reference with [C] of about 1×1014 cm‐3 which was accurately estimated was produced. Dip and protrusion around the carbon absorption line in the [C] 1014 cm‐3 range were identified and a way to cancel them was established. These techniques were transferred to many silicon crystal vendors, IR machine vendors and measurement service companies. SIMS and CPAA measurements were done on the samples measured by IR. The cross calibration was done at [C] = 5×1014 cm‐3 and is continued down to 1×1014 cm‐3. Electron irradiation to completely remove Cs provides the ideal reference containing effectively no carbon, a new technique to measure the absolute carbon content, and a standard sample for calibration of SIMS and CPAA. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Consensus of multi‐agent systems with time‐varying topology: An event‐based dynamic feedback scheme
Authors: Zhu Wei , Li Huaqing , Jiang Zhong‐Ping 
Published: August 2016

SummaryThe event‐based control strategy is an effective methodology for reducing the controller update and communication over the network. In this paper, the event‐based consensus of multi‐agent systems with linear dynamics and time‐varying topology is studied. For each agent, a state‐dependent threshold with an exponentially decaying bound is presented to determine the event times, and a new event‐based dynamic feedback scheme is proposed. It is shown that the controller update for each agent is only dependent on its own event times, which reduces significantly the controller update or computation for each agent. Moreover, based on the event‐based dynamic feedback scheme and the event triggering function presented in this paper, the continuous communication among neighboring agents is avoided, and the Zeno‐behavior of the closed‐loop systems is excluded. A numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of theoretical results. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.