bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolomic study of wild and cultivated caper (Capparis spinosa L.) from different areas of Sardinia and their comparative evaluation
Authors: Maldini Mariateresa , Foddai Marzia , Natella Fausta , Addis Roberta , Chessa Mario , Petretto Giacomo Luigi , Tuberoso Carlo I. G. , Pintore Giorgio 
Published: August 2016

Capparis spinosa L. (Capparidaceae), also known as caper, is widely known for its very aromatic flower buds (capers),that are largely employed as a flavouring in cooking. Capparis species are regarded as a potential source of important bioactive compounds, in fact, due to their botanical relationship with Brassica species; they contain glucosinolates, secondary plant metabolites, that have been studied for their potential anticarcinogenic properties. In addition, the presence of other numerous beneficial compounds such as polyphenols, alkaloids, lipids, vitamins and minerals have been reported. The aim of this study was to individuate and determinate the principal bioactive compounds occurring in different part (leaves, buds and flowers) of wild and cultivated C. spinosa collected from different area of Sardinia (Italy).Ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography‐triple quadrupole/linear ion trap tandem mass spectrometry methods were used for identification and simultaneous determination of 27 bioactive molecules.Analysis of different samples revealed qualitative and quantitative differences in the content of flavonoids, glucosinolates, anthocyanins and phenolic acids. In particular, glucocapparin resulted the most abundant with values ranging from 112 to 364 mg/100 g Fresh Weight (FW); followed by rutin with highest value of 126 mg/100 g FW, 4‐hydroxyglucobrassicin with highest value of 42 mg/100 g FW and isorhamnetin 3‐O‐rutinoside with highest value of 24 mg/100 g FW.Based on this metabolomic targeted approach, quantitative results were treated by principal component analysis to explore and visualise correlation and discrimination among collections of C. spinosa samples. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Observed spatio‐temporal changes of winter snow albedo over the north‐west Himalaya
Authors: Negi H. S. , Datt P. , Thakur N. K. , Ganju A. , Bhatia V. K. , Vinay Kumar G. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTThis study presents the spatio‐temporal winter snow albedo analysis over different mountain ranges of north‐west Himalaya (NWH) for a period of approximately 24 years. Here we assess the temporal albedo variations in past two decades (1991–2010) in comparison to the recent 14 years (2000–2014). The field collected manual data of two representative observatories of Lower Himalaya (LH) and Great Himalaya (GH), and six automatic weather stations in LH, GH and Karakoram Himalaya (KH) were analysed. Satellite derived MODIS albedo data (MOD10A1) over these stations between 2001 and 2014 were analysed. A good correlation (r = 0.59) was observed between monthly average MODIS retrieved albedo and field collected albedo for GH with a relative error of 11%. In past two decades, a statistically significant (99%) decreasing rate of −0.011 per year in winter snow albedo was observed over GH (1993–2010), while in recent decade (2001 onward), no statistically significant increasing trend was observed. The change in albedo of GH is attributed to winter mean air temperature, which shows a significant rise in the past two decades, but there has been a hiatus in winter mean air temperature rise in recent decade. The higher winter mean air temperature above 0 °C since beginning of the study period (1991 onward) kept albedo of moist/wet snow approximately stable in LH. Further, insignificant increasing trend of albedo was observed over KH range in recent decade, and it is attributed to persistent very low temperatures and an increase in the frequency of snowfall days. This albedo study over NWH supports the recently reported findings on Himalayan snow cover and glacier variations during different durations.
Protein glycation and aggregation inhibitory potency of biomolecules from black gram milled by‐product
Authors: Girish Talakatta K , Prasada Rao Ummiti JS 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDPersistent hyperglycaemia causes increased advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic complication. Therefore, effect of black gram milled by‐product (BGBP) extract on inhibition of AGE formation in a bovine serum albumin (BSA)/glucose system was investigated.RESULTSBGBP extract had a total polyphenol content of 82 mg GAE g−1 and flavonoid content of 46 mg CE g−1. Ferulic acid, protocatechuic acid, gallic acid, gentisic acid, isovitexin, vitexin and epicatechin were the major bioactives in the extract. BGBP extract exhibited an effective Fe2+ chelating activity. Size exclusion–high‐performance liquid chromatographic studies indicated that upon BSA‐AGE formation the BSA monomer content was 38%; however, in the presence of BGBP extract at 50 and 100 µg levels, the monomer content increased and it was found to be 48% and 73%, respectively. BGBP extract at 50 and 100 µg levels decreased the protein carbonyl and fructosamine contents, and quenched the fluorescence intensity of glycated BSA in a dose‐dependent manner. Further, fluorescence and transmission electron microscopic studies confirmed the decrease in formation of AGEs by BGBP extract.CONCLUSIONAs BGBP extract inhibited the formation of AGEs, the extract can be used as a nutraceutical or it can be incorporated into food products to obtain functional foods. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Particle Nucleation in the Initial Stage of Emulsifier‐Free, Emulsion Organotellurium‐Mediated Living Radical Polymerization (Emulsion TERP) of Styrene: Kinetic Approach
Authors: Kitayama Yukiya , Yamashita Nobuko , Okubo Masayoshi 
Published: August 2016

Kinetic simulations of polymer chain propagation in an aqueous medium in an initial stage of emulsifier‐free, emulsion organotellurium‐mediated living radical polymerization (emulsion TERP) of styrene with sodium poly(methacrylic acid)‐methyltellanyl (PMAA‐TeMe) as a control agent and 4,4′‐azobis(4‐cyanovaleric acid) as a water‐soluble azo‐initiator at various polymerization temperatures, which is carried out experimentally at pH > 9 in a previous article, is performed using PREDICI software from CiTGmbH. The approach based on α‐chain end‐separated kinetic simulation leads us to get important aspects of individual polymer chain growths from both α‐end groups, i.e., initiator and PMAA end groups. The larger number percentage of polystyrene (PS) chain having PMAA end group relative to all PS chains is generated at lower polymerization temperature. In addition, the PS chain growth is also pronounced at lower temperature. In other words, the self‐assembly nucleation, in which the control agents are contained, predominantly occurs at the lower polymerization temperature than the homogeneous nucleation, in which they are not contained. This indicates that the emulsion TERP effectively proceeds at lower temperature, which is well accorded with the experimental result in the previous article.image
Numerical recovery strategies for parallel resilient Krylov linear solvers
Authors: Agullo Emmanuel , Giraud Luc , Guermouche Abdou , Roman Jean , Zounon Mawussi 
Published: August 2016

SummaryAs the computational power of high‐performance computing systems continues to increase by using a huge number of cores or specialized processing units, high‐performance computing applications are increasingly prone to faults. In this paper, we present a new class of numerical fault tolerance algorithms to cope with node crashes in parallel distributed environments. This new resilient scheme is designed at application level and does not require extra resources, that is, computational unit or computing time, when no fault occurs. In the framework of iterative methods for the solution of sparse linear systems, we present numerical algorithms to extract relevant information from available data after a fault, assuming a separate mechanism ensures the fault detection. After data extraction, a well‐chosen part of missing data is regenerated through interpolation strategies to constitute meaningful inputs to restart the iterative scheme. We have developed these methods, referred to as interpolation–restart techniques, for Krylov subspace linear solvers. After a fault, lost entries of the current iterate computed by the solver are interpolated to define a new initial guess to restart the Krylov method. A well‐suited initial guess is computed by using the entries of the faulty iterate available on surviving nodes. We present two interpolation policies that preserve key numerical properties of well‐known linear solvers, namely, the monotonic decrease of the A‐norm of the error of the conjugate gradient or the residual norm decrease of generalized minimal residual algorithm for solving. The qualitative numerical behavior of the resulting scheme has been validated with sequential simulations, when the number of faults and the amount of data losses are varied. Finally, the computational costs associated with the recovery mechanism have been evaluated through parallel experiments. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dihydroxylation of styrene by sodium chlorite with scandium triflate
Authors: Ohkubo Kei , Hirose Kensaku , Shibata Takekatsu , Takamori Kiyoto , Fukuzumi Shunichi 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDihydroxylation of styrene by chlorite (ClO2−) with scandium triflate [Sc(OTf)3] occurs efficiently to produce 1‐phenylethane‐1,2‐diol under the ambient conditions. Scandium triflate acting as a strong Lewis acid is found to accelerate the disproportionation of ClO2− to produce ClO− and ClO3−. A scandium‐chlorine dioxide complex (Sc3+ClO2•) is generated by the reaction of ClO− with ClO2− in the presence of Sc3+. The binding of Sc3+ to ClO2• was detected by the electron paramagnetic resonance measurements, enhancing the reactivity and selectivity of styrene hydroxylation.
Potential Energetic Plasticizers on the Basis of 2,2‐Dinitropropane‐1,3‐diol and 2,2‐Bis(azidomethyl)propane‐1,3‐diol
Authors: Hafner Sven , Hartdegen Vera A. , Hofmayer Maximilian S. , Klapötke Thomas M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDifferent carboxylic acid derivatives of 2,2‐dinitropropane‐1,3‐diol (DNPD) and 2,2‐bis(azidomethyl)propane‐1,3‐diol (BAMP) were synthesized to investigate their suitability as energetic plasticizers. The syntheses were carried out using acyl chlorides of acetic, propionic, and butyric acid. The obtained products were characterized by elemental analysis, NMR, and IR spectroscopy. The energetic properties of the synthesized compounds were calculated on the basis of the computed heats of formation at the CBS‐4M level of theory using the EXPLO5 version 6.02 computer code. Investigations of physical stabilities were carried out using BAM drop hammer and friction tester. Low and high temperature behavior was determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The energetic and physical properties of the synthesized compounds were compared to the literature known energetic plasticizers N‐butyl nitratoethylnitramine (BuNENA) and diethylene glycol bis(azidoacetate) ester (DEGBAA). For analyzing the plasticizing abilities, mixtures of glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) and poly(3‐nitratomethyl‐3‐methyloxetan) (polyNIMMO) were prepared with both propionyl based compounds in different ratios and investigated regarding their glass transition temperatures and viscosity. Both compounds showed plasticizing effects in the range of BuNENA.
Effect of n‐ and p‐type doping concentrations and compensation on the electrical properties of semiconducting diamond
Authors: Traoré Aboulaye , Koizumi Satoshi , Pernot Julien 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe report an exhaustive description of electrical properties of mono‐crystalline diamond epilayers doped with boron and phosphorus impurities. Carrier density, carrier mobility, and resistivity have been calculated for boron and phosphorus doped diamond as a function doping level and a compensation for values ranging between 10 and 10 at two different temperatures of 300 and 500 K. The calculated values are graphically compared with experimental data from the literature and discussed in terms of device performances. Finally, an example of use of the graphics is given by comparing the IV characteristics of the first pn diamond junction with our calculations.Theoretical hole mobility as function of acceptor concentration and compensation at 300 and 500 K. The symbols are experimental data from references given in the text.
Combined experimental and theoretical studies of pressure effects in La2Sb
Authors: Knöner Stephan , Gati Elena , Wolf Bernd , de Souza Mariano , Haghighirad Amir , Kuhnt Markus , Assmus Wolf , Jeschke Harald O. , Tomić Milan , Valentí Roser , Lang Michael 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe 5 K superconductor LaSb shares some structural similarities with the iron‐pnictides and ‐chalgogenides, especially the so‐called 122‐compounds, despite lacking a 3d‐metal component. In order to look for similarities and dissimilarities of this layered metal pnictide with the higher‐ Fe‐based superconductors, we have performed a combined experimental and theoretical investigation of the effects of hydrostatic pressure. Magnetic measurements reveal a linear increase of with pressure at a rate d/d. Band  structure  calculations show that (i) the states at the Fermi level have predominantly La 5d character and (ii) that the density of states increases linearly with increasing pressure. By using these theoretical results and a BCS formalism, a quantitative description of the experimentally revealed pressure dependence of is possible within a reasonable range of parameters. Our results indicate that LaSb, despite its structural similarities to the 122 Fe‐based superconductors, exhibits a BCS‐type of superconductivity.
From Modular to Distributed Open Architectures: A Unified Decision Framework
Authors: Heydari Babak , Mosleh Mohsen , Dalili Kia 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTThis paper introduces a conceptual, yet quantifiable, architecture framework by extending the notion of system modularity in its broadest sense. Acknowledging that modularity is not a binary feature and comes in various types and levels, the proposed framework introduces higher levels of modularity that naturally incorporate decentralized architecture on the one hand and autonomy in agents and subsystems on the other. This makes the framework suitable for modularity decisions in Systems of Systems and for analyzing the impact of modularity on broader surrounding ecosystems. The stages of modularity in the proposed framework are naturally aligned with the level of variations and uncertainty in the system and its environment, a relationship that is central to the benefits of modularity. The conceptual framework is complemented with a decision layer that makes it suitable to be used as a computational architecture decision tool to determine the appropriate stage and level of modularity of a system, for a given profile of variations and uncertainties in its environment. We further argue that the fundamental systemic driving forces and trade‐offs of moving from monolithic to distributed architecture are essentially similar to those for moving from integral to modular architectures. The spectrum, in conjunction with the decision layer, could guide system architects when selecting appropriate parameters and building a system‐specific computational tool from a combination of existing tools and techniques. To demonstrate the applicability of the framework, a case for fractionated satellite systems based on a simplified demo of the DARPAF6 program is presented where the value of transition from a monolithic architecture to a fractionated architecture, as two consecutive levels of modularity in the proposed spectrum, is calculated and ranges of parameters wherefractionationincreases systems value are determined.
Anxiety associated with diagnostic uncertainty in early pregnancy
Authors: Richardson A. , Raine‐Fenning N. , Deb S. , Campbell B. , Vedhara K. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo determine anxiety levels of women presenting to an early pregnancy assessment unit (EPAU) with abdominal pain and/or vaginal bleeding and to assess how these levels change over time and according to ultrasonographic diagnosis.MethodsWe undertook a prospective cohort study in an EPAU in a large UK teaching hospital. Women with abdominal pain and/or vaginal bleeding in early pregnancy (< 12 weeks' gestation) presenting for the first time were eligible for inclusion in the study. State anxiety levels were assessed using the standardized short form of Spielberger's state–trait anxiety inventory (STAI) on three occasions (before, immediately after and 48–72 hours after an ultrasound scan). Scores were correlated with ultrasonographic diagnosis. The diagnosis was either certain or uncertain. Certain diagnoses were either positive, i.e. a viable intrauterine pregnancy (IUP), or negative, i.e. a non‐viable IUP or ectopic pregnancy. Uncertain diagnoses included pregnancy of unknown location and pregnancy of uncertain viability. Statistical analysis involved mixed ANOVAs and the post‐hoc Tukey–Kramer test.ResultsA total of 160 women were included in the study. Anxiety levels decreased over time for women with a certain diagnosis (n = 128), even when negative (n = 64), and increased over time for women with an uncertain diagnosis (n = 32). Before the ultrasound examination, anxiety levels were high (STAI value, 21.96 ± 1.11) and there was no significant difference between the five groups. Immediately after the ultrasound examination, anxiety levels were lower in the viable IUP group (n = 64; 7.75 ± 1.13) than in any other group. The difference between the five groups was significant (P < 0.005). After 48–72 hours, women with a certain diagnosis had significantly lower anxiety levels than had those with an uncertain diagnosis (10.77 ± 4.30 vs 22.94 ± 1.65; P < 0.005).ConclusionsThe experience of abdominal pain and/or vaginal bleeding in early pregnancy is highly anxiogenic. Following an ultrasound examination, the certainty of the diagnosis affects anxiety levels more than does the positive or negative connotations associated with the diagnosis per se. Healthcare providers should be aware of this when communicating uncertain diagnoses. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Near infrared photoimmunotherapy of B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Nagaya Tadanobu , Nakamura Yuko , Sato Kazuhide , Harada Toshiko , Choyke Peter L. , Kobayashi Hisataka 
Published: July 2016

AbstractNear infrared photoimmunotherapy (NIR‐PIT) is a new, highly‐selective cancer theranostics that employs an antibody‐photo absorber conjugate (APC). NIR‐PIT has successfully treated preclinical tumor models with APCs and is now in the first‐in‐human phase 1 clinical trial for head and neck cancer patients against EGFR. CD20 is highly expressed in many B‐cell lymphomas and is emerging as a molecular target for this disease. Here, we describe the use of the anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibody (mAb), rituximab‐IR700 APC for NIR‐PIT of B‐cell lymphoma in two CD20‐expressing lymphoma mouse models. CD20 expressing B‐cell lymphoma cell lines (Daudi and Ramos) were used in this study. Rituximab‐IR700, rituximab conjugated with IRDye700DX, showed specific binding, and cell‐specific killing only after exposure of NIR light to both cells in vitro. To evaluate effects of NIR‐PIT in vivo, tumor‐bearing mice were separated into 4 groups: (1) control; (2) APC i.v. only; (3) NIR light exposure only; (4) APC and NIR light (NIR‐PIT). These were performed every week for up to 3 weeks. Rituximab‐IR700 showed high tumor accumulation and high target‐to‐background ratio in vivo. Tumor growth was significantly inhibited by NIR‐PIT in comparison with the other groups (p < 0.001 for both tumors), and survival was significantly prolonged in both tumors (p < 0.001 for Daudi tumors and p < 0.0001 for Ramos tumors vs other groups). More than half of tumors were cured with this single regimen of NIR‐PIT. In conclusion, anti‐CD20 rituximab‐IR700 works as a highly effective APC for NIR‐PIT against B‐cell lymphoma.
A Regional Outbreak of Clostridium difficile PCR-Ribotype 027 Infections in Southeastern France from a Single Long-Term Care Facility
Authors: Cassir Nadim , Delarozière Jean-Christophe , Dubourg Gregory , Delord Marion , Lagier Jean-Christophe , Brouqui Phillipe , Fenollar Florence , Raoult Didier , Fournier Pierre Edouard 
Published: August 2016

OBJECTIVETo describe and analyze a large outbreak of Clostridium difficile 027 (CD-027) infections.METHODSConfirmed CD-027 cases were defined as CD infection plus real-time polymerase chain reaction assay (PCR) positive for CD-027. Clinical and microbiological data on patients with CD-027 infection were collected from January 2013 to December 2015 in the Provence-Alpes-Côte-d’Azur region (southeastern France).RESULTSIn total, 19 healthcare facilities reported 144 CD-027 infections (112 confirmed and 32 probable CD-027 infections) during a 22-month period outbreak. Although the incidence rate per 10,000 bed days was lower in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) than in acute care facilities (0.05 vs 0.14; P<.001), cases occurred mainly in LTCFs, one of which was the probable source of this outbreak. After centralization of CD testing, the rate of confirmed CD-027 cases from LTCFs or residential-care homes increased significantly (69% vs 92%; P<.001). Regarding confirmed CD-027 patients, the sex ratio and the median age were 0.53 and 84.2 years, respectively. The 30-day crude mortality rate was 31%. Most patients (96%) had received antibiotics within 3 months prior to the CD colitis diagnosis. During the study period, the rate of patients with CD-027 (compared with all patients tested in the point-of-care laboratories) decreased significantly (P=.03).CONCLUSIONSA large CD-027 outbreak occurred in southeastern France as a consequence of an initial cluster of cases in a single LTCF. Successful interventions included rapid isolation and testing of residents with potentially infectious diarrhea and cohorting of case patients in a specialized infectious diseases ward to optimize management.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;1–5