bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of the low‐level laser therapy on healing and pain after tooth extraction: a systematic review
Authors: Ribeiro L.N.S. , Okada E.M.P. , Carvalho F.K. , Stuani M.B.S. , Borsatto M.C. , Silva F.W.G.P. , Küchler E.C. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAimTo perform a systematic review to evaluate the post‐surgical effect of low‐level laser therapy after tooth extraction on healing improvement and pain reduction.Material and methodsTwo reviewers performed a database search of studies published between 1950 and 2015. The inclusion criteria were clinical studies that applied any regimen of low‐level laser therapy after any type of tooth extraction and also compared this regimen with non‐adjuvant therapy. There was no language restriction. All potentially relevant studies were identified by the title and the abstract. After the full‐text analyses of the potentially relevant studies, the selected studies were included in the systematic review.ResultsA total of 99 non‐duplicated studies were found. After reviewing the articles, only 11 were included. The selected studies were critically analysed and classified in scores. None of the studies fulfilled all of the requirements in the quality assessment. Only four studies presented high methodological soundness.ConclusionsA decrease in pain level after tooth extraction was reported after low‐level laser therapy; however, there is no evidence regarding the effect on tissue healing. Adequately powered and randomised controlled trials are required to address this issue.
Multidisciplinary Treatment for Adolescents with Chronic Pain and/or Fatigue: Who Will Benefit?
Authors: Westendorp Tessa , Verbunt Jeanine A. , de Groot Imelda J.M. , Remerie Sylvia C. , ter Steeg AnneMarie , Smeets Rob J.E.M. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPurposeThe aims of this study were, first, to determine the percentage of adolescents with chronic pain/fatigue successfully treated with rehabilitation treatment for chronic pain/fatigue and, second, to identify predictors for a successful rehabilitation treatment.MethodsTreatment success is scored based on a combination of predefined clinically relevant changes in 4 outcome measures: level of pain/fatigue, school absence, physical functioning, and psychosocial functioning. A forward stepwise logistic regression analysis with treatment success as a dependent variable is performed to identify predictors for successful treatment.ResultsA total of 172 adolescents (mean age 16.2 [SD = 2.5]; 85.5% girls) participated. Almost half (49.6%) of the adolescents had a successful treatment. The explained variance for the complete model explaining treatment success was 49% (R2 = 0.487). Patients with a higher level of pain/fatigue and a passive coping style pretreatment improved most, and these factors could thus be indicated as predictors for successful treatment. Also, gender significantly contributed to the prediction, in favor of boys.ConclusionsRegarding the first aim, using predefined treatment success based on clinically relevant changes, half of the participants had a successful treatment. Concerning the second aim, adolescents with a high level of pain/fatigue and those with a high passive coping style pretreatment have a better ability to change their functioning during treatment. Boys benefit more than girls.
Changes in Prevalence, Outcomes, and Help‐seeking Behavior of Chronic Pain in an Aging Population Over the Last Decade
Authors: Cheung Chi Wai , Choi Siu Wai , Wong Stanley Sau Ching , Lee Yvonne , Irwin Michael Garnet 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundChronic pain is expected to increase as the population ages. This study aimed to investigate the changes in prevalence, patterns, and help‐seeking behavior of chronic pain and prevalence of neuropathic pain of an aging population in Hong Kong.MethodsA cross‐sectional, telephone interview with a structured questionnaire was conducted in a randomly selected sample of adults with acute or chronic pain of any kind in the general population to estimate the prevalence of chronic and neuropathic pain, and to describe sociodemographics and help‐seeking behavior. Results were compared with a similar study conducted in 1999.ResultsTotally, 1,570 people were interviewed. Chronic pain was experienced by 28.7% of all respondents, compared to 10.8% in 1999. Joint (45.5%), muscle (27.1%), and back (25.2%) pain were the most common, similar to findings in 1999. Of those with chronic pain, 83.1% reported pain in more than one body site (63.4% in 1999, P = 0.0023). More respondents reported their average pain as being intense (51.57% vs. 33.0% in 2013 and 1999, respectively, P = 0.0098). A downward trend of respondents taking medications for chronic pain (34.9% in 2013 vs. 47.6% in 1999, P = 0.019) was seen. Neuropathic pain was present in 9.03% of the population and 14.7% of chronic pain sufferers.ConclusionThe prevalence of neuropathic pain in Hong Kong is high and is described here for the first time. The number of chronic pain sufferers has tripled in the past decade. Significant changes in the patterns and help‐ seeking behavior of chronic pain sufferers are also seen.
Estimating the Size of the U.S. Population at Risk of Severe Adverse Events from Replicating Smallpox Vaccine
Authors: Carlin Ellen P. , Giller Nichole , Katz Rebecca 
Published: October 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo quantify the population at risk of serious adverse reactions to replicating smallpox vaccine.Design and SampleConditions known or suspected to carry risk were identified via Centers for Disease Control and Prevention planning documents, other federal publications, and peer‐reviewed literature. Conditions identified were categorized as historically recognized risks or more recently recognized immunocompromised states that may pose risk. Major historical risk factors were as follows: eczema/atopic dermatitis, pregnancy, HIV, and primary immunodeficiency. More recently identified states were as follows: rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, dialysis, bone marrow transplant recipients within 24 months post‐transplant, solid‐organ transplant recipients within 3 months post‐transplant, age under 1 year, and systemic lupus erythematosus.MeasuresThe estimated prevalence or absolute number of affected individuals for each condition was ascertained from peer‐reviewed studies, vital statistics, and registry databases.ResultsAn estimated 48,121,280 to 50,028,045 individuals (15.2–15.8% of the U.S. population) are potentially contraindicated to replicating smallpox vaccine. This rises to 119,244,531 to 123,669,327 (37.4–38.8%) if household contacts are included.ConclusionsThese figures are significant and larger than the only previously published study. Understanding this number allows for improved clinical utilization, equitable attention to the health needs of a vulnerable population, and strategic vaccine stockpiling.
Methodological bias in the seed bank flora holds significant implications for understanding seed bank community functions
Authors: Plue J. , Colas F. , Auffret A. G. , Cousins S. A. O. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

Persistent seed banks are a key plant regeneration strategy, buffering environmental variation to allow population and species persistence. Understanding seed bank functioning within herb layer dynamics is therefore important. However, rather than assessing emergence from the seed bank in herb layer gaps, most studies evaluate the seed bank functioning via a greenhouse census. We hypothesise that greenhouse data may not reflect seed bank‐driven emergence in disturbance gaps due to methodological differences. Failure in detecting (specialist) species may then introduce methodological bias into the ecological interpretation of seed bank functions using greenhouse data.

The persistent seed bank was surveyed in 40 semi‐natural grassland plots across a fragmented landscape, quantifying seedling emergence in both the greenhouse and in disturbance gaps. Given the suspected interpretational bias, we tested whether each census uncovers similar seed bank responses to fragmentation.

Seed bank characteristics were similar between censuses. Census type affected seed bank composition, with >25% of species retrieved better by either census type, dependent on functional traits including seed longevity, production and size. Habitat specialists emerged more in disturbance gaps than in the greenhouse, while the opposite was true for ruderal species. Both censuses uncovered fragmentation‐induced seed bank patterns.

Low surface area sampling, larger depth of sampling and germination conditions cause underrepresentation of the habitat‐specialised part of the persistent seed bank flora during greenhouse censuses. Methodological bias introduced in the recorded seed bank data may consequently have significant implications for the ecological interpretation of seed bank community functions based on greenhouse data.
Pinewood nematode population growth in relation to pine phloem chemical composition
Authors: Pimentel C. S. , Firmino P. N. , Calvão T. , Ayres M. P. , Miranda I. , Pereira H. 
Published: October 2016

The pinewood nematode,Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, native to North America (NA), is now a major invasive pine pest in Eurasia. Pine species differ greatly in their susceptibility toB. xylophilus, and differences in susceptibility might be related to differences in phytochemistry. This study addressed two major questions: (i) which plant chemical profiles (including compounds that act as plant defences and those important for nutrition) favour pinewood nematode development; and (ii) areNAand Portuguese pinewood nematodes different in their capacity to subsist on plant tissues? For this,B. xylophilusisolates fromNAand Portugal were tested on pine phloem and xylem of different pine species. It was found that unaltered pine phloem can sustain the population growth ofB. xylophilus, but only in a few cases, and this was clearly related to distinct chemical profiles in some pine species. No evidence was found of evolutionary divergence betweenB. xylophiluspopulations in Portugal andNA. The pine species with phloem on which pinewood nematodes could grow tended to have low levels of total phenols, condensed tannins, flavonoids and lignin. Evidence was also found that nutrients such as N may be important.
Lipid characterization of red alga Rhodymenia pseudopalmata (Rhodymeniales, Rhodophyta)
Authors: Peralta‐García Edith , Caamal‐Fuentes Edgar , Robledo Daniel , Hernández‐Núñez Emmanuel , Freile‐Pelegrín Yolanda 
Published: October 2016

SUMMARY
Rhodymenia pseudopalmata is a red alga that grows at the Caribbean coast of the Yucatan Peninsula and has been proven successful in cultivation. In this study we present the lipid composition of R. pseudopalmata collected from wild populations during three different seasons of 2013. Cultured material was also analyzed and compared in order to evaluate its value as feedstock for biotechnological uses. Thin layer chromatography, 1
H and 13
C NMR spectroscopy and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry were used to assess variations in their lipid composition. Our results showed that the dominant lipid classes were phospholipids both in wild and cultured materials. The phospholipids phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylglycerol and the glycolipid monogalactosyldiacylglycerol were present in both wild and cultured R. pseudopalmata, whereas the phospholipid lysophosphatidylcholine was only found in wild material. Fatty acids (FAs) showed a high monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs) content with oleic acid (C18:1ω9) as the dominant compound (78 and 94% of the MUFAs for wild and culture materials, respectively). Saturated FAs (SFAs) represented approximately 90% of the total fatty acid content, with palmitic acid (C16:0) reaching approximately 83% of the SFA content. Rhodymenia pseudopalmata was low in polyunsaturated FAs when compared to other red algae. Other compounds such as 1‐heptadecene, 1‐hexadecene, 15‐heptadecenal, 3‐eicosene 6,10,14‐trimethyl‐2‐pentadecanone, phytol, and heptadecane were also found. Lipid composition differences between the wild and cultured algae suggest that light and nutrients can be manipulated to modify lipid composition. Based on its lipid composition and cultivation feasibility, R. pseudopalmata could be a potential source for nutraceuticals and biofuels production.
The functional significance of hamstrings composition: is it really a “fast” muscle group?
Authors: Evangelidis Pavlos E. , Massey Garry J. , Ferguson Richard A. , Wheeler Patrick C. , Pain Matthew T.G. , Folland Jonathan P. 
Published: October 2016

Hamstrings muscle fiber composition may be predominantly fast‐twitch and could explain the high incidence of hamstrings strain injuries. However, hamstrings muscle composition in vivo, and its influence on knee flexor muscle function, remains unknown. We investigated biceps femoris long head (BFlh) myosin heavy chain (MHC) composition from biopsy samples, and the association of hamstrings composition and hamstrings muscle volume (using MRI) with knee flexor maximal and explosive strength. Thirty‐one young men performed maximal (concentric, eccentric, isometric) and explosive (isometric) contractions. BFlh exhibited a balanced MHC distribution [mean ± SD (min‐max); 47.1 ± 9.1% (32.6–71.0%) MHC‐I, 35.5 ± 8.5% (21.5–60.0%) MHC‐IIA, 17.4 ± 9.1% (0.0–30.9%) MHC‐IIX]. Muscle volume was correlated with knee flexor maximal strength at all velocities and contraction modes (r = 0.62–0.76, P < 0.01), but only associated with late phase explosive strength (time to 90 Nm; r = −0.53, P < 0.05). In contrast, BFlh muscle composition was not related to any maximal or explosive strength measure. BFlh MHC composition was not found to be “fast”, and therefore composition does not appear to explain the high incidence of hamstrings strain injury. Hamstrings muscle volume explained 38–58% of the inter‐individual differences in knee flexor maximum strength at a range of velocities and contraction modes, while BFlh muscle composition was not associated with maximal or explosive strength.
No difference in the level of physical activity between children who have or have never sustained a fracture
Authors: Randsborg P‐H. , Røtterud J. H. 
Published: October 2016

This study investigates whether children with an acute fracture have a different level of physical activity compared to children who have never sustained a fracture, as measured by the Physical Activity Questionnaire for older children (PAQ‐C). The PAQ‐C scores of 683 children (295 girls) aged 6–12 years (mean age 9.4 years) who presented to our institution with an acute fracture were compared to the PAQ‐C scores of 151 random children (81 girls) aged 6–12 years (mean 9.1 years) in the same area who had never sustained a fracture. Multivariate regression analysis was employed, controlling for age and gender. The mean PAQ‐C score of the children who presented to the institution with an acute fracture was 2.85 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.80–2.91). For the children who had never sustained a fracture, the mean PAQ‐C score was 2.78 (95% CI, 2.69–2.87). If there is a true difference in the level of physical activity between children who have or have never sustained a fracture, the PAQ‐C questionnaire is not sensitive enough to identify it.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Streptomyces
sp. AVP053U2 Isolated from
Styela clava
, a Tunicate Collected in Long Island Sound
Authors: deMayo James A. , Maas Kendra R. , Klassen Jonathan L. , Balunas Marcy J. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT

Streptomyces
sp. AVP053U2 is a marine bacterium isolated from
Styela clava
, a tunicate collected in Long Island Sound. Here, we report a draft genome for this bacterium, which was found to contain a high capacity for secondary metabolite production based on analysis and identification of numerous biosynthetic gene clusters.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Goatpox Virus Strain Gorgan Obtained Directly from a Commercial Live Attenuated Vaccine
Authors: Mathijs Elisabeth , Vandenbussche Frank , Haegeman Andy , Al-Majali Ahmad , De Clercq Kris , Van Borm Steven 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
This is a report of the complete genome sequence of the goatpox virus strain Gorgan, which was obtained directly from a commercial live attenuated vaccine (Caprivac, Jordan Bio-Industries Centre).
Complete Chloroplast Genome Sequence and Annotation of the
Saccharum
Hybrid Cultivar RB867515
Authors: Vidigal Pedro Marcus Pereira , Coelho Alexandre Siqueira Guedes , Novaes Evandro , Barbosa Márcio Henrique Pereira , Peternelli Luiz Alexandre 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT

Here, we present the chloroplast genome sequence of the
Saccharum
hybrid cultivar RB867515, the most planted sugarcane cultivar in Brazil.
Child sexual assault reported to an acute sexual assault referral centre in London
Authors: Morgan Louise , Khadr Sophie , Bewley Susan 
Published: October 2016

ObjectiveTo describe demographic and assault-related characteristics of children attending an acute sexual assault referral centre in London within a week of alleged sexual assault.DesignRetrospective case note review of all children aged 12 years and under who reported between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2013.Main outcome measuresAge, sex, ethnicity, drugs and alcohol around the time of assault, nature of offence, relationship with perpetrator, additional violence, verbal threats, presence of injury.Results176 children attended; 80% were female. Perpetrators were known casually to the victim in almost half of cases (49%) and familial assault was reported in 55 cases (31%). 43% of boys and 28% of girls reported that the perpetrator was under the age of 16 years. Familial domestic violence was reported by 17%, and more boys (26%) than girls (14%) were reported to have a learning difficulty. Extragenital injury was found in 14% and anogenital injury in 17%.ConclusionsThis study provides an important overview of young children referred for forensic medical examination in the week following an allegation of sexual assault. Rates of learning difficulty and domestic violence were relatively high, and alcohol and drug use was rare. A large number of alleged perpetrators were young themselves. Additional violence was not common, and rates of injury were low. There may be important differences in sexual offences against boys and girls. Further research is necessary, as is greater case identification and referral for services.
Estimating the visibility rate of abortion: a case study of Kerman, Iran
Authors: Zamanian Maryam , Baneshi Mohammad Reza , Haghdoost AliAkbar , Zolala Farzaneh 
Published: October 2016

ObjectivesAbortion is a sensitive issue; many cultures disapprove of it, which leads to under-reporting. This study sought to estimate the rate of abortion visibility in the city of Kerman, Iran—that is, the percentage of acquaintances who knew about a particular abortion. For estimating the visibility rate, it is crucial to use the network scale-up method, which is a new, indirect method of estimating sensitive behaviours more accurately.Materials and methodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted in Kerman, Iran using various methods to ensure the cooperation of clinicians and women. A total of 222 women who had had an abortion within the previous year (74 elective, 74 medical and 74 spontaneous abortions) were recruited. Participants were asked how many of their acquaintances were aware of their abortion. Abortion visibility was estimated by abortion type. 95% CIs were calculated by a bootstrap procedure. A zero-inflated negative binomial regression analysis was conducted to assess the variables related to visibility.ResultsThe visibility (95% CI) of elective, medical and spontaneous abortion was 8% (6% to 10%), 60% (54% to 66%) and 50% (43% to 57%), respectively. Women and consanguineal family were more likely to be aware of the abortion than men and affinal family. Non-family members had a low probability of knowing about the abortion, except in elective cases. Abortion type, marital status, sex of the acquaintance and closeness of the relationship were the most important determinants of abortion visibility in the final multifactorial model.ConclusionsThis study shows the visibility rate to be low, but it does differ among social network members and by the type of abortion in question. This difference might be explained through social and cultural norms as well as stigma surrounding abortion. The low visibility rate might explain the low estimates of abortion rates found in other studies.
Multilocus sequence typing ofTrichomonas vaginalisclinical samples from Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Authors: van der Veer C , Himschoot M , Bruisten S M 
Published: October 2016

ObjectivesIn this cross-sectional epidemiological study we aimed to identify molecular profiles forTrichomonas vaginalisand to determine how these molecular profiles were related to patient demographic and clinical characteristics.SettingMolecular typing methods previously identified two genetically distinct subpopulations forT. vaginalis;however, few molecular epidemiological studies have been performed. We now increased the sensitivity of a previously described multilocus sequence typing (MLST) tool forT. vaginalisby using nested PCR. This enabled the typing of direct patient samples.ParticipantsFrom January to December 2014, we collected allT. vaginalispositive samples as detected by routine laboratory testing. Samples from patients either came from general practitioners offices or from the sexually transmitted infections (STI) clinic in Amsterdam. Epidemiological data for the STI clinic patients were retrieved from electronic patient files.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was the success rate of genotyping directT. vaginalispositive samples. The secondary outcome was the relation betweenT. vaginalisgenotypes and risk factors for STI.ResultsAll 7 MLST loci were successfully typed for 71/87 clinical samples. The 71 typed samples came from 69 patients, the majority of whom were women (n=62; 90%) and half (n=34; 49%) were STI clinic patients. Samples segregated into a two population structure forT. vaginalisrepresenting genotypes I and II. Genotype I was most common (n=40; 59.7%). STI clinic patients infected with genotype II reported more sexual partners in the preceding 6 months than patients infected with genotype I (p=0.028). No other associations for gender, age, ethnicity, urogenital discharge or co-occurring STIs withT. vaginalisgenotype were found.ConclusionsMLST with nested PCR is a sensitive typing method that allows typing of direct (uncultured) patient material. Genotype II is possibly more prevalent in high-risk sexual networks.