bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A randomized crossover study comparing membrane and centrifugal therapeutic plasma exchange procedures
Authors: Kes Petar , Janssens Michiel Etienne , Bašić‐Jukić Nikolina , Kljak Milića 
Published: October 2016

BACKGROUNDTherapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) can be performed either on a membrane‐based system (mTPE) or on a device that separates blood components by centrifugation (cTPE). The number of studies in this field is limited. This randomized study is the first that offers data on the membrane‐based Diapact device (B. Braun Medical, Inc.) for TPE procedures and compares it to the centrifuge‐based Spectra Optia (Terumo BCT, Inc.).STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSTwenty‐seven patients were enrolled in this randomized prospective head‐to‐head study comparing the mTPE and cTPE systems. Procedures on both devices were standardized and the plasma removal efficiency (PRE); total procedure time (including setup and priming time); and removal efficiencies of blood cells, immunoglobulin (Ig)G, and fibrinogen for all procedures were analyzed.RESULTSWhile both systems removed similar amounts of plasma, it took the cTPE device a mean of 101.5 ± 24.6 minutes to finalize a procedure that was one‐third less than procedures on the mTPE device (157 ± 26.2 min; p < 0.0001), due to a difference in PRE between the Spectra Optia (83.0% ± 4.9%) and the Diapact (53.2% ± 6.6%; p < 0.0001). The difference in removal efficiencies of IgG and blood cells were not significantly different but the Spectra Optia was more efficient in removing the larger fibrinogen protein than the Diapact (72.3% ± 8.5% vs. 62.9% ± 16.1%, respectively; p < 0.02).CONCLUSIONThis study shows that, although both systems perform adequate and safe TPE procedures, those on the Spectra Optia in comparison to the Diapact are more efficient in terms of plasma removal and significantly shorter.
Diagnostic accuracy of Wright–Giemsa and rhodanine stain protocols for detection and semi‐quantitative grading of copper in canine liver aspirates
Authors: Moore A Russell , Coffey Emily , Hamar Dwayne 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundCanine hepatic copper content has been increasing. Recognition of canine copper‐associated hepatopathies is becoming more common.ObjectivesThe purpose of the study was to assess the diagnostic performance of Wright–Giemsa (WG) and rhodanine staining for detection of increased canine hepatic copper following a proposed cytologic protocol for semi‐quantitative evaluation of liver aspirates and the effect of previous WG staining.MethodsRetrospectively, 40 canine hepatic WG‐stained cytology cases were rhodanine stained. Diagnostic performance of WG staining for increased hepatic copper was evaluated. A rhodanine‐stained cytologic copper grading system was developed. Prospectively, 67 canine liver samples with quantitative copper measurement, a WG‐then rhodanine‐stained slide, and a non‐WG rhodanine‐stained slide were used to assess the performance of the grading system and the effect of previous WG staining.ResultsCopper was not described in 40 retrospective cases on initial cytologic evaluation; 8/40 cases had increased copper content after rhodanine staining or quantitative copper assessment. Prior WG staining and destaining significantly affected the cytologic copper grade but not the diagnostic performance as measured by receiver‐operating characteristic curve analysis. Quantitative copper concentration and previously WG‐stained copper grade were moderately correlated (n = 67, ρ = .79 [.68–.87]). For detection of ≥ 600 ppm, dry weight (dw) copper, sensitivity was .75 and specificity was .97. For detection of ≥ 1500 ppm, dw copper, sensitivity was 1.0 and specificity was .97.ConclusionsWright–Giemsa staining alone does not reliably detect hepatic copper. Grading of rhodanine‐stained canine hepatic cytologic samples demonstrates acceptable diagnostic performance for detection of copper content.
Long‐Term Outcome and Complications Following Prophylactic Laparoscopic‐Assisted Gastropexy in Dogs
Authors: Loy Son Natasha K. , Singh Ameet , Amsellem Pierre , Kilkenny Jessica , Brisson Brigitte A. , Oblak Michelle L. , Ogilvie Adam T. 
Published: October 2016

ObjectiveTo characterize the short‐ and long‐term outcome (>12 months), complications, and owner satisfaction following prophylactic laparoscopic‐assisted gastropexy (LAG) in dogs.Study DesignRetrospective study.AnimalsClient‐owned dogs (n = 49).MethodsDogs that underwent prophylactic LAG at 2 veterinary academic hospitals were studied. Surgical time, anesthesia time, concurrent intra‐ and extra‐abdominal procedures, and intraoperative and postoperative complications were recorded following review of medical records. Veterinarian and/or owner follow‐up was obtained to determine outcome and satisfaction with LAG.ResultsFive of 49 dogs (10%) experienced complications related to abdominal access during LAG. Four percent (2/49) of dogs experienced an intraoperative complication. Follow‐up information was available for 89% of dogs (44/49). Four dogs died of causes unrelated to LAG or gastric dilatation volvulus (GDV) in the follow‐up period. Two dogs experienced major postoperative complications requiring additional veterinary intervention. Thirty percent (13 dogs) experienced a minor postoperative self‐limiting wound‐related complication. Median follow‐up time was 698 days (range, 411–1825). No dogs experienced GDV. One hundred percent of dog owners were satisfied with LAG, would repeat the procedure in a future pet, and would recommend the procedure to a friend or family member.ConclusionLAG was an effective procedure for prevention of GDV and was associated with high client satisfaction in this cohort of dogs. A moderate rate of postoperative wound complications occurred that were minor and self‐limiting in nature.
Temporal partitioning of cardiac metabolism by the cardiomyocyte circadian clock
Authors: Young Martin E. 
Published: October 2016

New Findings
What is the topic of this review?
This review highlights temporal partitioning of cardiac metabolism by the cardiomyocyte circadian clock.

What advances does it highlight?
Advances include: 1) cardiac glucose utilization peaks during the active period to meet increased energetic demands at this time; 2) synthesis of glycogen and triglyceride peak in the heart during the latter half of the active period, likely in anticipation of the upcoming sleep/fasting period; and 3) protein turnover increases in the heart at the beginning of the sleep phase, probably to promote growth and repair at this time.

Cell‐autonomous circadian clocks have emerged as crucial mediators of 24 h rhythms in cellular processes. In doing so, these molecular timekeepers confer the selective advantage of anticipation, allowing cells and organs to prepare for stimuli and stresses before their onset. The heart is subjected to dramatic fluctuations in energetic demand and nutrient supply in association with sleep–wake and fasting–feeding cycles. Recent studies suggest that the cardiomyocyte circadian clock orchestrates daily rhythms in both oxidative and non‐oxidative glucose and fatty acid metabolism, as well as protein turnover. Here, I review this evidence and discuss whether disruption of these rhythms can contribute to cardiovascular disease.
Life without Division: Physiology of Escherichia coli FtsZ-Deprived Filaments
Authors: Sánchez-Gorostiaga Alicia , Palacios Pilar , Martínez-Arteaga Rocío , Sánchez Manuel , Casanova Mercedes , Vicente Miguel 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT

When deprived of FtsZ,
Escherichia coli
cells (VIP205) grown in liquid form long nonseptated filaments due to their inability to assemble an FtsZ ring and their failure to recruit subsequent divisome components. These filaments fail to produce colonies on solid medium, in which synthesis of FtsZ is induced, upon being diluted by a factor greater than 4. However, once the initial FtsZ levels are recovered in liquid culture, they resume division, and their plating efficiency returns to normal. The potential septation sites generated in the FtsZ-deprived filaments are not annihilated, and once sufficient FtsZ is accumulated, they all become active and divide to produce cells of normal length. FtsZ-deprived cells accumulate defects in their physiology, including an abnormally high number of unsegregated nucleoids that may result from the misplacement of FtsK. Their membrane integrity becomes compromised and the amount of membrane proteins, such as FtsK and ZipA, increases. FtsZ-deprived cells also show an altered expression pattern, namely, transcription of several genes responding to DNA damage increases, whereas transcription of some ribosomal or global transcriptional regulators decreases. We propose that the changes caused by the depletion of FtsZ, besides stopping division, weaken the cell, diminishing its resiliency to minor challenges, such as dilution stress.

IMPORTANCE
Our results suggest a role for FtsZ, in addition to its already known effect in the constriction of
E. coli
, in protecting the nondividing cells against minor stress. This protection can even be exerted when an inactive FtsZ is produced, but it is lost when the protein is altogether absent. These results have implications in fields like synthetic biology or antimicrobial discovery. The construction of synthetic divisomes in the test tube may need to preserve unsuspected roles, such as this newly found FtsZ property, to guarantee the stability of artificial containers. Whereas the effects on viability caused by inhibiting the activity of FtsZ may be partly overcome by filamentation, the absence of FtsZ is not tolerated by
E. coli
, an observation that may help in the design of effective antimicrobial compounds.
Order effects in high stakes undergraduate examinations: an analysis of 5 years of administrative data in one UK medical school
Authors: Burt Jenni , Abel Gary , Barclay Matt , Evans Robert , Benson John , Gurnell Mark 
Published: October 2016

ObjectiveTo investigate the association between student performance in undergraduate objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs) and the examination schedule to which they were assigned to undertake these examinations.DesignAnalysis of routinely collected data.SettingOne UK medical school.Participants2331 OSCEs of 3 different types (obstetrics OSCE, paediatrics OSCE and simulated clinical encounter examination OSCE) between 2009 and 2013. Students were not quarantined between examinations.Outcomes(1) Pass rates by day examination started, (2) pass rates by day station undertaken and (3) mean scores by day examination started.ResultsWe found no evidence that pass rates differed according to the day on which the examination was started by a candidate in any of the examinations considered (p>0.1 for all). There was evidence (p=0.013) that students were more likely to pass individual stations on the second day of the paediatrics OSCE (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.54). In the cases of the simulated clinical encounter examination and the obstetrics and gynaecology OSCEs, there was no (p=0.42) or very weak evidence (p=0.099), respectively, of any such variation in the probability of passing individual stations according to the day they were attempted. There was no evidence that mean scores varied by day apart from the paediatric OSCE, where slightly higher scores were achieved on the second day of the examination.ConclusionsThere is little evidence that different examination schedules have a consistent effect on pass rates or mean scores: students starting the examinations later were not consistently more or less likely to pass or score more highly than those starting earlier. The practice of quarantining students to prevent communication with (and subsequent unfair advantage for) subsequent examination cohorts is unlikely to be required.
Evaluation of California's Armed and Prohibited Persons System: study protocol for a cluster-randomised trial
Authors: Wintemute Garen J , Beckett Laurel , Kass Philip H , Tancredi Daniel , Studdert David , Pierce Glenn , Braga Anthony A , Wright Mona A , Cerdá Magdalena 
Published: October 2016

Background and objectiveToo little is known about the effectiveness of efforts to prevent firearm violence. Our objective is to evaluate California's Armed and Prohibited Persons System (APPS), a law enforcement intervention that seeks to recover firearms from individuals who purchased them legally but subsequently became prohibited from having access to firearms. Prohibitions usually arise from events suggesting an increased risk for future violence.Design and study populationThis group-randomised trial involves approximately 20 000 APPS-eligible individuals in 1041 communities. Randomisation was performed at the community level, to early or later intervention (Group 1 and Group 2, respectively) with stratification by region, population and violent crime rate.MethodsAPPS is being implemented by the California Department of Justice. The principal outcome measure is the incidence of arrest for a firearm-related or violent crime. Primary analysis will be on an intention-to-treat basis, comparing individuals in Group 1 and Group 2 communities. Analyses will focus on time to event, using proportional hazards regression with adjustment for the clustered nature of the data and incorporating individual- and community-level characteristics. Secondary analyses will examine the effect of the intervention on an as treated basis, effects on subgroups, and effects on community-wide measures such as crime rates.DiscussionAPPS may have a significant impact on risk for future violence among members of its target population. The findings of this study will likely be generalisable and have clear implications for violence prevention policy and practice.Trial registration numberNCT02318732.
Prognostic relevance of epithelial–mesenchymal transition and proliferation in surgically treated primary parotid gland cancer
Authors: Busch Alina , Bauer Larissa , Wardelmann Eva , Rudack Claudia , Grünewald Inga , Stenner Markus 
Published: October 2016

AimsCancer of the major salivary glands comprises a morphologically diverse group of rare tumours of largely unknown cause. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been shown to play a significant prognostic role in various human cancers. The aim was to assess the expression of EMT markers in different histological subtypes of parotid gland cancer (PGC) and analyse their prognostic value.MethodsWe examined 94 PGC samples (13 histological subtypes) for the expression of MIB-1, epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin), β-catenin, vimentin and cytokeratin 8/18 (CK8/18) by means of immunohistochemistry. The experimental findings were correlated with clinicopathological and survival parameters.ResultsWe detected all analysed EMT and proliferation markers in specifically different constellations within the examined histological subtypes of PGC. We found high epithelial marker expressions (CK8/18, E-cadherin, membranous β-catenin) only in a distinct variety of carcinomas. A high proliferation rate (high MIB-1 expression) as well as a combination of high CK8/18 and low vimentin expression was associated with a significantly worse survival.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that activation of the EMT pathway is a relevant explanation for tumour progression in individual histological subtypes of malignant parotid gland lesions, but by far not in all. Evidence of EMT activation in PGC cannot be seen as an isolated prognostic factor.
Predictors of poor outcome among children with heterotaxy syndrome: a retrospective review
Authors: McGovern Eiméar , Kelleher Eoin , Potts James E , O'Brien John , Walsh Kevin , Nolke Lars , McMahon Colin J 
Published: October 2016

ObjectiveTo determine predictors of poor outcome in patients with heterotaxy syndrome.MethodsA retrospective review of children with heterotaxy syndrome, in a single tertiary paediatric cardiology centre, was conducted between 1 January 1997 and 1 January 2014 to determine predictors of poor outcome. Poor outcome was defined as death, cardiac transplantation or New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class III or IV.ResultsThere were 35 patients diagnosed with heterotaxy syndrome, 17 of whom were diagnosed antenatally. 22 patients had right atrial isomerism and 13 had left atrial isomerism. The median age of postnatal diagnosis was 2.5 days old (1 day to 19 months). 12 patients had a poor outcome; 6 patients died, 1 underwent cardiac transplantation and 5 had an NYHA functional class of >III. 5 patients had a biventricular repair and the remaining 30 had a univentricular repair. Type of atrial isomerism, univentricular or biventricular anatomy, severity of atrioventricular valve regurgitation or ventricular dysfunction, obstructed pulmonary venous return, occurrence of arrhythmia and presence of pulmonary atresia did not predict poor outcome. Fetal diagnosis also did not confer a survival advantage. The median duration of follow-up in this cohort was 65 months (2 days to 16.8 years).ConclusionsSurvival for patients with heterotaxy syndrome was 83% over a median follow-up of 65 months. 34% of patients had a poor outcome. None of the variables studied were predictive of death, transplantation or NYHA classification III or IV.
Timing of fracture fixation from an Intensive Care Unit perspective: the obstacles to early fracture fixation
Authors: Thomson Lauren Elizabeth , Fry Nicola , Jackson Richard 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTTrauma is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, with road traffic accidents being the leading cause of death in the age group of 15–29 years However, with modern advances in management and the introduction of specialised trauma centres, more and more are surviving severe and life-threatening trauma. The ideal timing of fracture fixation has been the subject of debate for a number of decades. There is evidence to suggest that fracture fixation in the patient with polytrauma is best achieved early on to reduce the incidence of morbidity and mortality, with damage control surgery in the more appropriate option in those patients who are haemodynamically unstable. However, early fracture fixation is not always possible, and the focus of this article is to review the common contributing factors resulting in delayed fixation. For the purpose of this discussion, we will consider all trauma as a single entity, taking into account that each type of fixation has its own complications, which are outside the scope of this article.
The calibration and the monitoring/alarm system
Authors: Cappella F. , Caracciolo V. , Cerulli R. , Bussolotti A. , Mattei A. 
Published: October 2016

Two important parts of the DAMA/LIBRA setup are the calibration system and the monitoring/alarm system. The calibration system allows to perform detector calibrations without changing the running condition of the experiment; the monitoring/alarm system allows to record several parameters to control the running status and its stability.In this paper, we will describe the two system reporting some related obtained results.
The nom Profit-Maximizing Operating System
Authors: Ben-Yehuda Muli , Agmon Ben-Yehuda Orna , Tsafrir Dan 
Published: October 2016

In the near future, cloud providers will sell their users virtual machines with CPU, memory, network, and storage resources whose prices constantly change according to market-driven supply and demand conditions. Running traditional operating systems in these virtual machines is a poor fit: traditional operating systems are not aware of changing resource prices and their sole aim is to maximize performance with no consideration of costs. Consequently, they yield low profits.
We present nom, a profit-maximizing operating system designed for cloud computing platforms with dynamic resource prices. Applications running on nom aim to maximize profits by optimizing simultaneously for performance and resource costs. The nom kernel provides them with direct access to the underlying hardware and full control over their private software stacks. Since nom applications know there is no single ``best'' software stack, they adapt their stacks' behavior on the fly according to the current price of available resources and their private utility from them, which differs between applications. We show that in addition to achieving up to 3.9x better throughput and up to 9.1x better latency, nom applications yield up to 11.1x higher profits when compared with the same applications running on Linux and OSv.
Metabolite and Microbiome Interplay in Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Johnson Caroline H. , Spilker Mary E. , Goetz Laura , Peterson Scott N. , Siuzdak Gary 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The role of the host microbiome has come to the forefront as a potential modulator of cancer metabolism and could be a future target for precision medicine. A recent study revealed that in colon cancer, bacteria form polysaccharide matrices called biofilms at a high frequency in the proximal colon. Comprehensive untargeted and stable isotope–assisted metabolomic analysis revealed that the bacteria utilize polyamine metabolites produced from colon adenomas/carcinomas to build these protective biofilms and may contribute to inflammation and proliferation observed in colon cancer. This study highlighted the importance of finding the biological origin of a metabolite and assessing its metabolism and mechanism of action. This led to a better understanding of host and microbial interactions, thereby aiding therapeutic design for cancer. In this review, we will discuss methodologies for identifying the biological origin and roles of metabolites in cancer progression and discuss the interactions of the microbiome and metabolites in immunity and cancer treatment, focusing on the flourishing field of cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Res; 76(21); 6146–52. ©2016 AACR.
History of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Risk of Incident Invasive Breast Cancer among Parous Women in the Nurses' Health Study II Prospective Cohort
Authors: Powe Camille E. , Tobias Deirdre K. , Michels Karin B. , Chen Wendy Y. , Eliassen A. Heather , Manson JoAnn E. , Rosner Bernard , Willett Walter C. , Hu Frank B. , Zhang Cuilin , Rich-Edwards Janet W. , Rexrode Kathryn M. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Background: Type II diabetes is associated with breast cancer in epidemiologic studies. Pregnancy also modifies breast cancer risk. We hypothesized that women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), which shares pathogenesis and risk factors with type II diabetes, would have greater invasive breast cancer risk than parous women without a history of GDM.
Methods: We conducted a prospective analysis among parous women in the Nurses' Health Study II, with mean age 35 years in 1989. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to compare risks of incident invasive breast cancer in women with and without a history of GDM.
Results: Among 86,972 women studied, 5,188 women reported a history of GDM and 2,377 developed invasive breast cancer (100 with history of GDM, 2,277 without GDM) over 22 years of prospective follow-up. History of GDM was inversely associated with incident invasive breast cancer [HR, 0.68; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.55–0.84; P = 0.0004], compared with no history of GDM, after adjustment for body mass index, reproductive history, and other breast cancer risk factors. Findings were similar by menopausal status, although observed person-time was predominantly premenopausal (premenopausal: HR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.56–0.96; P = 0.03; postmenopausal: HR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.43–0.92; P = 0.02). Restricting to women undergoing mammography screening modestly attenuated the relationship (HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.57–0.96; P = 0.02).
Conclusions: Among a large cohort of U.S. women, history of GDM was not associated with an elevated risk of subsequent invasive breast cancer.
Impact: Our findings highlight the need to further investigate GDM's role in breast cancer development. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(3); 321–7. ©2016 AACR.