bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Passivation Layer and Cathodic Redox Reactions in Sodium‐Ion Batteries Probed by HAXPES
Authors: Doubaji Siham , Philippe Bertrand , Saadoune Ismael , Gorgoi Mihaela , Gustafsson Torbjorn , Solhy Abderrahim , Valvo Mario , Rensmo Håkan , Edström Kristina 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe cathode material P2‐NaxCo2/3Mn2/9Ni1/9O2, which could be used in Na‐ion batteries, was investigated through synchrotron‐based hard X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES). Nondestructive analysis was made through the electrode/electrolyte interface of the first electrochemical cycle to ensure access to information not only on the active material, but also on the passivation layer formed at the electrode surface and referred to as the solid permeable interface (SPI). This investigation clearly shows the role of the SPI and the complexity of the redox reactions. Cobalt, nickel, and manganese are all electrochemically active upon cycling between 4.5 and 2.0 V; all are in the 4+ state at the end of charging. Reduction to Co3+, Ni3+, and Mn3+ occurs upon discharging and, at low potential, there is partial reversible reduction to Co2+ and Ni2+. A thin layer of Na2CO3 and NaF covers the pristine electrode and reversible dissolution/reformation of these compounds is observed during the first cycle. The salt degradation products in the SPI show a dependence on potential. Phosphates mainly form at the end of the charging cycle (4.5 V), whereas fluorophosphates are produced at the end of discharging (2.0 V).
Electrosynthesis of Biomimetic Manganese–Calcium Oxides for Water Oxidation Catalysis—Atomic Structure and Functionality
Authors: González‐Flores Diego , Zaharieva Ivelina , Heidkamp Jonathan , Chernev Petko , Martínez‐Moreno Elías , Pasquini Chiara , Mohammadi Mohammad Reza , Klingan Katharina , Gernet Ulrich , Fischer Anna , Dau Holger 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWater‐oxidizing calcium–manganese oxides, which mimic the inorganic core of the biological catalyst, were synthesized and structurally characterized by X‐ray absorption spectroscopy at the manganese and calcium K edges. The amorphous, birnesite‐type oxides are obtained through a simple protocol that involves electrodeposition followed by active‐site creation through annealing at moderate temperatures. Calcium ions are inessential, but tune the electrocatalytic properties. For increasing calcium/manganese molar ratios, both Tafel slopes and exchange current densities decrease gradually, resulting in optimal catalytic performance at calcium/manganese molar ratios of close to 10 %. Tracking UV/Vis absorption changes during electrochemical operation suggests that inactive oxides reach their highest, all‐MnIV oxidation state at comparably low electrode potentials. The ability to undergo redox transitions and the presence of a minor fraction of MnIII ions at catalytic potentials is identified as a prerequisite for catalytic activity.
In Situ Monitoring Capabiities of Quantum Cascade Laser Absorption Spectroscopy in Industrial Plasma Processes
Authors: Lang N. , Macherius U. , Glitsch S. , Zimmermann H. , Röpcke J. , van Helden J. H. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractPlasmas in interaction with surfaces are of key importance in a wide range of applications, which include materials technology, microelectronics, environmental issues, and biomedicine. The intense use of plasma technological processes demands proper plasma diagnostic techniques for monitoring, controlling and optimization purposes in industrial environments. In particular, for the improvement of the efficiency of a production process, in situ diagnostic techniques with online capabilities are favorable. From the middle of the last decade a variety of phenomena in molecular non‐equilibrium plasmas in which many short‐lived and stable species are produced have been successfully studied with quantum cascade laser absorption spectroscopy (QCLAS) in the mid‐infrared spectral range. It has been possible to determine absolute concentrations of species, temperatures, degrees of dissociation, dynamics of reaction processes and phenomena involving plasma‐surface interactions using spectroscopy, thereby providing a link with chemical and kinetic modelling of the plasma. Since quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) emit near room temperature, i.e., without the need of cryogenic cooling, very compact and robust spectroscopic instruments can be designed. This has stimulated the adaptation of infrared spectroscopic techniques to industrial requirements. Recent applications of infrared absorption spectroscopy using QCLs for in situ monitoring of plasma processes in industrial environments are reviewed. Examples which emphasize the capabilities of QCLAS as plasma diagnostic technique in industrial plasma processes will be given. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Spectroscopic Investigations of Plasma Nitriding and Nitrocarburizing Processes Using an Active Screen: A Comparative Plasma Chemical Study of Two Reactor Types
Authors: Hamann S. , Börner K. , Burlacov I. , Spies H.‐J. , Röpcke J. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractLow‐pressure pulsed DC N2‐H2 plasmas with admixtures of CH4 were investigated in a comparative study in two different types of reactors, (i) a cylindrical industrial scale active screen plasma nitriding (ASPN) reactor and (ii) a laboratory scale plasma nitriding monitoring reactor (PLANIMOR) with a linear electrode configuration. Applying infrared laser absorption spectroscopy (IRLAS) the evolution of the molecular concentrations of four stable molecules, CH4, HCN, NH3, and C2H2 has been monitored. The degree of dissociation of the carbon containing precursor, CH4, varied between 80 and 95%. The concentrations of the molecular reaction products have been found in a range of 1011 to 1016 molecules cm–3. By analyzing the development of the molecular concentrations at changes of the screen plasma power, the gas mixture and the admixture of CH4, a similar behavior of the monitored species depending on the varied parameters has been found in both reactors with NH3 and HCN as the main products of plasma conversion. The fragmentation efficiency of methane has been determined, decreasing from 2.4 to 0.8 × 1015 molecules J–1 with the increasing power of the screen plasmas in both reactors. With the help of optical emission spectroscopy (OES) the rotational temperature of the N+2 ions in the plasma could be determined, being in a range of 650…920 K where the rotational temperature of the screen plasma in the ASPN reactor is approximately 100 K higher than that in PLANIMOR. Also with power the ionic component of nitrogen molecules, i.e. the intensity of the N+2 ‐(0‐0) band of the first negative system, which has been used as the reference parameter for comparing both reactors, increases strongly in relation to the intensity of the neutral component, represented by the N2‐(0‐0) band of the second positive system. In addition, steel samples have been treated in both the ASPN reactor and PLANIMOR leading to comparable nitriding results. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Attachment and mentalization and their association with child and adolescent eating pathology: A systematic review
Authors: Jewell Tom , Collyer Hannah , Gardner Tessa , Tchanturia Kate , Simic Mima , Fonagy Peter , Eisler Ivan 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveInsecure attachment and mentalizing difficulties have been associated with eating pathology in adulthood. However, it is unclear whether eating pathology is associated with attachment or mentalization in children. The aim of this study is to systematically review the literature in this emerging field.MethodElectronic databases were used to search for articles.ResultsTwenty‐two studies were identified. In the 15 studies investigating attachment, an association with eating pathology was found in all studies. Mentalizing difficulties and eating pathology were found to be correlated in the seven studies which examined their association.DiscussionIn keeping with the adult literature, cross‐sectional studies of children and adolescents consistently report associations with eating pathology. There is some evidence from prospective studies that insecure attachment may be a risk factor for the development of eating pathology in adolescence. The literature on mentalization and eating pathology suggests that adolescents with anorexia nervosa may have difficulties in recognizing emotions. Further research using clinical samples and well‐validated measures of attachment and mentalization are required to shed further light on this area.
Multi‐responses Methodology Applied in the Electroanalytical Determination of Hair Dye by Using Printed Carbon Electrode Modified with Graphene
Authors: Hudari Felipe Fantinato , Costa Ferreira Sergio Luis , Zanoni Maria Valnice Boldrin 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis paper describes a rapid and sensitive method for determination of the hair dye Basic Blue 41 in wastewater samples using screen‐printed carbon electrodes modified with graphene (SPCE/Gr). The method is based on the reversible reduction of azo groups of the dye at potential of −0.23 V/−0.26 V, where both the anodic and cathodic currents increased 1,300 % when compared to screen‐printed carbon (SPCE) and glassy carbon electrodes (GCE). The optimization of a square wave voltammetric method was performed by means of 23 factorial design, Doehlert matrix and multi‐response assays, and the best parameters were: frequency (54.8 Hz), step potential (6 mV), pulse amplitude (43.7 mV) and pH 4.5. The analytical curve was constructed from 3.00×10−8 to 2.01×10−6 mol L−1, with detection and quantification limits of 5.00×10−9 and 1.70×10−8 mol L−1, respectively. The repeatability of the method evaluated for 10 consecutive measurements at concentrations of 1.70×10−7 mol L−1 and 1.70×10−6 mol L−1, showed relative standard deviation of 3.56 and 0.57 %, respectively. The sensor based in SPCE/Gr was successfully applied in wastewater samples collected from a drinking water treatment plant and validated by comparison with HPLC‐DAD method with good accuracy.
Evaluation of radiation‐induced peripheral nerve injury in rabbits with MR neurography using diffusion tensor imaging and T2 measurements: Correlation with histological and functional changes
Authors: Wan Qi , Wang Shiyang , Zhou Jiaxuan , Zou Qiao , Deng Yingshi , Wang Shouyang , Zheng Xiaoying , Li Xinchun 
Published: December 2015

PurposeTo investigate the potential of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and T2 measurements in the evaluation of radiation‐induced peripheral nerve injury (RIPNI).Materials and MethodsRIPNI was produced in a randomly selected side of sciatic nerve in each of 21 rabbits while the contralateral side served as the control. The limb function and MR parameters were evaluated over a 4‐month period. Fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusivity (λ∥), radial diffusivity (λ⊥) and T2 values were obtained using 3T MR for quantitative analysis. Two animals were randomly killed for histological evaluation at each timepoint.ResultsThe T2 value of irradiated nerve increased at 1 day (63.95 ± 15.60, P = 0.012) and was restored at 1 month (52.34 ± 5.38, P = 0.105). It increased progressively at 2 to 4 months (60.39 ± 10.60, 66.96 ± 6.08, 75.51 ± 7.39, all P < 0.01). λ⊥ significantly increased at 1 day (0.82 ± 0.44, P = 0.046) and slightly decreased at 1 month (0.61 ± 0.17, P < 0.001). It increased gradually from 2 to 3 months (0.84 ± 0.29, 1.13 ± 0.33, both P < 0.001) followed by a decline at 4 months (0.83 ± 0.17, P < 0.001). FA was statistically lower than the contralateral sides at 1 to 4 months (0.72 ± 0.08, 0.60 ± 0.12, 0.51 ± 0.11, 0.62 ± 0.06, all P < 0.01). Changes in FA and λ⊥ correlated well with the functional and pathological changes in irradiated nerve.ConclusionDTI may be a more sensitive and accurate method to evaluate RIPNI compared with T2 measurements. FA and λ⊥ are promising quantitative indices in monitoring RIPNI. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;43:1492–1499.
Analysis of spatio‐temporal changes in annual and seasonal precipitation variability in South America‐Chile and related ocean–atmosphere circulation patterns
Authors: Valdés‐Pineda Rodrigo , Valdés Juan B. , Diaz Henry F. , Pizarro‐Tapia Roberto 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTEstablishing relationships between coupled ocean–atmospheric patterns and precipitation accumulation is important to describe and predict spatio‐temporal variability on annual or seasonal scales, and also to evaluate how this variability is influenced by global warming. The objective of this study was to examine the leading modes of interannual and seasonal (summer, autumn, winter, and spring) precipitation variability in South America‐Chile, and their significant relationship to seasonally aggregated gridded data and climatic indices. Applying exhaustive data quality control measures to data from 238 rain gauges with different lengths of records between 1893 and 2013, a new data set was created with the objective of obtaining reliable records for further analysis. A comprehensive analysis through empirical orthogonal functions (EOF) allowed for determination of the leading modes of annual and seasonal precipitation and their main spatial patterns for the whole country. The percentage of explained variance in the relationship between seasonally aggregated indices and the leading modes of precipitation confirmed that most of the interannual and winter precipitation variability in Chile is linked to the seasonal aggregation of El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The leading modes of summer, autumn, and spring precipitation were mostly linked to seasonal aggregations of the Madden and Julian Oscillation (MJO), and the Antarctic Oscillation (AAO).
Principal component analysis of molecularly based signals from infant formula contaminations using LC‐MS and NMR in foodomics
Authors: Inoue Koichi , Tanada Chihiro , Hosoya Takahiro , Yoshida Shuhei , Akiba Takashi , Min Jun Zhe , Todoroki Kenichiro , Yamano Yutaka , Kumazawa Shigenori , Toyo'oka Toshimasa 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe challenge in developing analytical assessment of unexpected excess contaminations in infant formula has been the most significant project to address the widespread issue of food safety and security. Foodomics based on metabolomics techniques provides powerful tools for the detection of tampering cases with intentional contaminations. However, the safety and risk assessments of infant formula to reveal not only the targeted presence of toxic chemicals, but also molecular changes involving unexpected contaminations, have not been reported. In this study, a huge amount of raw molecularly based signals from infant formula was analysed using reversed phase and hydrophilic interaction chromatography with time‐of‐flight MS (LC‐MS) and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and then processed by a principal component analysis (PCA).RESULTSPCA plots visualised signature trends in the complex signal‐data batches from each excess contamination of detectable chemicals by LC‐MS and NMR. These trends in the different batches from a portion of excess chemical contaminations such as pesticides, melamine and heavy metals and out‐of‐date products can be visualised from spectrally discriminated infant formula samples.CONCLUSIONPCA plots provide possible attempts to maximise the covariance between the stable lot‐to‐lot uniformity and excess exogenous contaminations and/or degradation to discriminate against the molecularly based signals from infant formulas. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Rasagiline for the symptomatic treatment of fatigue in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Lim Thien Thien , Kluger Benzi M. , Rodriguez Ramon L. , Malaty Irene A. , Palacio Rafael , Ojo Oluwadamilola O. , Patel Shnehal , Gujrati Yogesh , Nutter Benjamin , Swartz Camille , Hennessy Carol , Fernandez Hubert H. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundFatigue affects 40% to 50% of all PD patients and is a leading cause of disability, with no clearly established or efficacious established treatments.MethodsIn this double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled, pilot trial, we investigated whether rasagiline improved fatigue among PD patients. Subjects were randomized to 1 mg daily of rasagiline or placebo for 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was a change in the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale from baseline to week 12.ResultsThirty PD subjects (16 men), with Modified Fatigue Impact Scale baseline score of 67 ± 15, were randomized (16 to rasagiline vs. 14 to placebo). Significant improvement was noted in the mean Modified Fatigue Impact Scale score of the rasagiline group (12 points) as compared to placebo (8.5 points) from baseline to week 12 (P = 0.003).ConclusionIn this pilot study, rasagiline at a dose of 1 mg per day improved fatigue. Larger randomized studies are needed to confirm this finding. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Influence of different alkyl‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquids on the structure of pebax® films. Consequences on thermal, mechanical, and water sorption and diffusion properties
Authors: Magana Sylvain , Gain Olivier , Gouanvé Fabrice , Espuche Eliane 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTIn this work, three ionic liquids (ILs) differing by the length of the alkyl chain linked to their cation were incorporated in a Pebax® copolymer matrix through a solvent cast process for composition from 0 to 70 wt % IL. The copolymer/IL miscibility was investigated via IR Spectroscopy, Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Scanning Electron Microscopy. The three ILs dissolved in the copolymer soft phase for ILs content below 30 wt % whereas they formed segregated dispersed domains at higher loadings. The plasticizing effect of the ILs was examined through DSC and thermomechanical analyses. In the range of IL amount from 0 to 30 wt %, no significant differences were observed in the thermomechanical properties as a function of the IL structure. At higher IL content, the films based on 1‐ethyl‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate sustained better properties. All films exhibited a good thermal stability up to 300 °C. The water sorption isotherms were modeled with GAB equation and both the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of the sorption mechanism were investigated. A non‐monotonic evolution of the GAB parameters and diffusion coefficient as a function of the IL content was evidenced. Moreover, different behaviors were observed as a function of the IL nature and structuration within the copolymer matrix. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 811–824
Clearance of rapid adenosine release is regulated by nucleoside transporters and metabolism
Authors: Nguyen Michael D. , Ross Ashley E. , Ryals Matthew , Lee Scott T. , Venton B. Jill 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAdenosine is a neuromodulator that regulates neurotransmission in the brain and central nervous system. Recently, spontaneous adenosine release that is cleared in 3–4 sec was discovered in mouse spinal cord slices and anesthetized rat brains. Here, we examined the clearance of spontaneous adenosine in the rat caudate‐putamen and exogenously applied adenosine in caudate brain slices. The Vmax for clearance of exogenously applied adenosine in brain slices was 1.4 ± 0.1 μmol/L/sec. In vivo, the equilibrative nucleoside transport 1 (ENT1) inhibitor, S‐(4‐nitrobenzyl)‐6‐thioinosine (NBTI) (1 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly increased the duration of adenosine, while the ENT1/2 inhibitor, dipyridamole (10 mg/kg, i.p.), did not affect duration. 5‐(3‐Bromophenyl)‐7‐[6‐(4‐morpholinyl)‐3‐pyrido[2,3‐d]byrimidin‐4‐amine dihydrochloride (ABT‐702), an adenosine kinase inhibitor (5 mg/kg, i.p.), increased the duration of spontaneous adenosine release. The adenosine deaminase inhibitor, erythro‐9‐(2‐hydroxy‐3‐nonyl)adenine (EHNA) (10 mg/kg, i.p.), also increased the duration in vivo. Similarly, NBTI (10 μmol/L), ABT‐702 (100 nmol/L), or EHNA (20 μmol/L) also decreased the clearance rate of exogenously applied adenosine in brain slices. The increases in duration for blocking ENT1, adenosine kinase, or adenosine deaminase individually were similar, about 0.4 sec in vivo; thus, the removal of adenosine on a rapid time scale occurs through three mechanisms that have comparable effects. A cocktail of ABT‐702, NBTI, and EHNA significantly increased the duration by 0.7 sec, so the mechanisms are not additive and there may be additional mechanisms clearing adenosine on a rapid time scale. The presence of multiple mechanisms for adenosine clearance on a time scale of seconds demonstrates that adenosine is tightly regulated in the extracellular space.
Claudin‐4 binder C‐CPE 194 enhances effects of anticancer agents on pancreatic cancer cell lines via a MAPK pathway
Authors: Kono Tsuyoshi , Kondoh Masuo , Kyuno Daisuke , Ito Tatsuya , Kimura Yasutoshi , Imamura Masafumi , Kohno Takayuki , Konno Takumi , Furuhata Tomohisa , Sawada Norimasa , Hirata Koichi , Kojima Takashi 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe C‐terminal fragment of Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (C‐CPE) modulates the tight junction protein claudin and disrupts the tight junctional barrier. It also can enhance the effectiveness of anticancer agents. However, the detailed mechanisms of the effects of C‐CPE remain unclear in both normal and cancerous cells. The C‐CPE mutant called C‐CPE 194 binds only to claudin‐4, but the C‐CPE 194 mutant called C‐CPE m19 binds not only to claudin‐4 but also to claudin‐1. In the present study, to investigate the mechanisms of the effects of C‐CPE on claudin expression, the tight junctional functions and the cytotoxicity of anticancer agents, human pancreatic cancer cells, and normal human pancreatic duct epithelial cells (HPDEs) were treated with C‐CPE 194 and C‐CPE m19. In well‐differentiated cells of the pancreatic cancer cell line HPAC, C‐CPE 194 and C‐CPE m19 disrupted both the barrier and fence functions without changes in expression of claudin‐1 and ‐4, together with an increase of MAPK phosphorylation. C‐CPE 194, but not C‐CPE m19, enhanced the cytotoxicity of the anticancer agents gemcitabine and S‐1. In poorly differentiated pancreatic cancer cell line PANC‐1, C‐CPE 194, but not C‐CPE m19, decreased claudin‐4 expression and enhanced MAPK activity and the cytotoxicity of the anticancer agents. In normal HPDEs, C‐CPE 194 and C‐CPE m19 decreased claudin‐4 expression and enhanced the MAPK activity, whereas they did not affect the cytotoxicity of the anticancer agents. Our findings suggest that the claudin‐4 binder C‐CPE 194 enhances effects of anticancer agents on pancreatic cancer cell lines via a MAPK pathway.