bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of arterial stiffness burden with anxiety and depression in different stages of hypertension
Authors: Mermerelis A. , Kyvelou S.M. , Akke V. , Papageorgiou C. , Stefanadis C. , Douzenis A. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionThere has been an attempt to associate anxiety and depression with arterial stiffness. In the present study, we assessed differences in arterial stiffness among 3 groups of hypertensive patients compared to control normotensives as well as possible association with anxiety and depression scoring system.MethodsThe study cohort comprised of 127 patients (75 male, mean age 54 ± 14) who underwent assessment of their blood pressure levels and were divided in four groups: group I (normotensives, n = 34), group II (stage 1 HTN, n = 33), group III (stage 2 HTN, n = 30) and group IV (stage 3 HTN, n = 30). The evaluation of anxiety disorder was made by means of Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS), while the evaluation of depression was made with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Arterial stiffness evaluation was done with Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index (CAVI). Statistical analysis was done with SPSS for windows. P-value was set at 0.05 for differences to be considered significant.ResultsBoth CAVI R and CAVI L indices were significantly higher as the severity of hypertension progressed (P < 0.001). BDI score was significantly correlated with CAVIR (Pearson r = 0.53, P < 0.0001) and CAVI L (Pearson r = 0.39, P < 0.0001). HADS score was also significantly correlated with both CAVIR (Pearson r = 0.53, P < 0.0001) and CAVIL (Pearson r = 0.43, P < 0.0001).ConclusionsThere is a burden in the arterial stiffness of this population with the increase of the levels of BP which is not surprising. However, the new finding is that there is a strong correlation with arterial stiffness indices and both anxiety and depression scoring system.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Parenting styles and anxiety disorders in children – A study in an Albanian clinical population
Authors: Alikaj V. , Skendi V. , Zenelaj B. , Allkoja B. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionAbout 20% of children suffer from an anxiety disorder and symptoms may persist in adulthood. About 13 in every 100 children from 9 to 17 years old experience anxiety disorders, girls seem more vulnerable than boys. Theoretical models of anxiety emphasize the effect of parenting on development and maintenance of child anxiety.ObjectivesThis research aims to study the nature of correlation between parenting styles and anxiety in children who attend Tirana Child & Adolescent Psychiatric Service.MethodsOne hundred and seventy-five children and 175 their parents filled Spence Children Anxiety Scale (SCAS) and Parenting Styles & Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ) was found a significant correlation between parenting styles and anxiety in children.ConclusionsParental overprotection produces vulnerable children who become adults ready to give up in front of life difficulties therefore; it is necessary parents’ awareness in practicing a balance in their parenting styles, in order to reduce children's anxiety.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Knowledge of kindergarten and elementary schools’ teachers regarding attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Almutairi S. , Almutairi M. , Al Harbi A. , Alsuhaibani M. , Alkeaid N. , Albatti T. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common mental disorders that manifest among children. Despite the fact that the teacher's role is essential in the assessment and management of pupils with ADHD and the recommendation of participation of teachers for the success and efficiency of diagnoses and treatment, the vast majority of teachers have neither understanding nor knowledge of ADHD.ObjectivesThe current study explores the kindergarten and elementary school teachers’ knowledge regarding early detection and management of ADHD.MethodsCross sectional survey using stratified random sampling technique was carried out in governmental and private elementary and kindergarten schools in four cities of Qassim region, Saudi Arabia.ResultsThe study included 1095 teachers, 711 (59.3%) did not get information about ADHD during undergraduate studies. Teachers’ overall ADHD knowledge mean was 21.7 + 5.5 out of 38 marks. Teachers with high qualification degree and kindergarten specialty scored 56.4% and 60.2%, respectively. Teachers who attended conferences related to ADHD scored 64.5%, while teachers who read about ADHD or have been ever asked to diagnose/teach an ADHD student had 59.4% and 62.1%, respectively. The sources for those who got their information through reading were statistically significant in overall knowledge, general knowledge and treatment dimensions. As scientific studies and books were the highest with percentage of 24.6% and 23.3%, respectively, 4% and 3.6%, respectively, 3% and 3%, respectively. The level of ADHD knowledge perception showed that 76% of teachers were knowledgeable in relation to overall ADHD perception.ConclusionTeachers who have higher qualifications or training in identifying ADHD children scored higher in our study.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Is there a relationship between Gilles de la Tourette and psychosis? A case report considering the continuum psychosis perspective and vulnerability model
Authors: Barbagelata R. , Muñoz Negro J.E. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionThere has been no evidence so far about significant relationship between Gilles de la Tourette and psychosis. Perhaps a continuum psychosis perspective and the vulnerability model could improve the comprehension of our patients.ObjectivesTo describe a case in which motor and obsessive symptoms evolve to schizophreniform symptoms and important psychosocial deterioration.MethodsSingle case report and literature review.ResultsA 20-year-old man, with clinical record of Gilles de la Tourette, and a psychosis episode 6 months before, is brought by his family with a syndrome consistent in motor retardation, whispered speech, poor visual contact, social withdrawal, hygiene neglect, abulia, apathy and blunted affect. In the one-year tracing conceptual disorganization and poor idea association are in the first place. Within child history, we found symptoms congruent with Gilles de la Tourette, obsessive symptoms and others that may be called mild psychotic symptoms (which did not fit in any diagnosis at that moment). We also found a pathological relationship between his parents and among him, as well as a poor economic and social condition.ConclusionsAccording to the continuum perspective, psychotic symptoms could be found within the obsessive spectrum. Related to the vulnerability model, we found in our case external factors that affected the clinical evolution: family dynamics affected, communication deviation, social and economic impairment, social withdrawal and vital aim loss. These factors should be attended in first place, as they are not only related with the triggering of illness but they also are the main way to recovery.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Mother-reported and prescription registry data on use of hypnotics for children 0–18 months as a risk factor later development of ADHD
Authors: Holdø I. , Skurtveit S. , Handal M. , Bramness J.G. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionSleep problems are common in infancy. Some infants are prescribed sleep-inducing drugs even if not approved for the age group. Poor sleep as toddler is a risk factor for development of behavioral problems in childhood. It is unknown if this is true also for attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).ObjectivesTo evaluate two sources of information on toddler drug use (mother-reported questionnaire-data and prescription database for hypnotic drugs for children aged 0–18 months) and see if these predict receiving a later diagnosis of ADHD.AimsAre sleeping problems as measured by the use of hypnotics in toddlers a risk factor for ADHD?MethodsPrescription database information data was collected for 47,413 children participating in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort, where mothers report on toddler drug use. These two datasets were used as predictors of diagnoses of ADHD as seen in the Norwegian Patients Registry in a 7-year follow up period.ResultsAgreement between mother-reported drug use and hypnotics use as measured was less than 50% for all hypnotics (min 19% and max 48%). The two datasets will be further used to investigate the relationship between toddler drug use and a later childhood diagnosis of ADHD.ConclusionsConsidering the low to moderate agreement between mother-reported survey data and data from prescription databases it is of value to use both data sources in a study looking at the predictive value of sleeping problems and hypnotics use in toddlers on later development of ADHD.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Teenagers with addictive behaviour: Characteristics of the addiction and the psychiatric comorbidities
Authors: Jihene J. , Olfa M. , Ahmed B.H. , Haifa Z. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionAddiction at a young age constitute a problem of public health. Adolescence is a period at risk for the addicting conducts.ObjectivesTo establish the characteristics of the addiction and the psychiatric comorbidities.MethodsWe led a retrospective descriptive study which concerned 62 teenagers, having addicting conducts, followed in the outpatient clinic of the hospital Razi between January, 2013 and December, 2014.ResultsTobacco is the most consumed product with 90,3% of users, followed by the alcohol (59.7%).Fifty percent consumed the cannabis.Benzodiazepin, Trihexyphenidyl chlorhydrate, buprenorphin with high dosage and the organic solvents were raised respectively to about 14.5%, 22.6%, 12.9% and 14.5% of the patients.The average age of initiation for tobacco was 12 years.The most frequent motive for consultation was behaviour disorders (37.1%).Among our patients, 43.5% had psychiatric family history, 11.3% had undergone sexual abuse during their childhood, 17.7% had histories of suicide attempts.The found diagnoses were the dependence in a substance (25.8%), followed by the major depressive episode (14.5%), the adjustment disorder with depressed mood (11.3%) and the bipolar disorder (8.1%).Seventeen percent of them had personality traits who would evoke the borderline personality and 11.3% antisocial personality.ConclusionIt is essential to diagnose and to take care of the teenagers having addicting conducts, as early as possible, to avoid transition to a chronic state in the adulthood.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
A study on adolescent suicide ideation consulting in emergency
Authors: Moalla M. , Feki I. , Sellami R. , Ktata A. , Feki S. , Masmoudi J. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionSuicide is one of the most leading cause of death for teenagers in the world. Suicide ideation is known risk factor for suicide completion. Suicidal adolescents rarely asked for help. The contact with the health care system is an opportunities to screen for suicidal ideation.AimsThe aim of this study is to examine the prevalence and the risk factors of suicidal ideation among adolescents consulting in emergency.MethodsOur study was a transversal type, descriptive and analytic. It was conducted with 106 adolescents consulting in emergency for somatic complains. Each participant filled out demographic questionnaire and suicidal ideation questionnaire (SIQ). The SIQ is a self-report instrument for suicidal ideation, appropriate for adolescents. The SIQ has 30 items. The respondent is asked to choose from a 7-point continuum (6 = “Almost every day” to 0 = “I never had this thought”) to assess the frequency of that particular thought within the last month. Cut-off score for the SIQ is a sum of 41 and higher, indicating the presence of serious suicidal ideation.ResultsAdolescents were aged between 12 and 19 years with an average age 16.34 ± 2.54 years; 47.2% were boys. According to the SIQ, the prevalence of suicide ideation during the last month were 14.2%.The risk factors for suicidal ideation among Tunisian adolescents were the female gender, middle school level, low family income, parents’ divorce, parental neglect, family conflicts and previous psychiatric disorder.ConclusionGeneral physicians should regularly screen for suicidal thoughts in their adolescent patients with these characteristics.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Anxiety-depressive disorders in children: Neurobiological and neurohormonal aspects
Authors: P.T.  , Mykhailova E. , Matkovska T. , Reshetovska N. , Goloborodko A. 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveThe need for diagnosis and correct classification of depression among children is dictated by its burdeness with age, high risk of recurrence at further stages of child development and propensity to suicidal behavior.Materials and methodsOne hundred and sixty adolescents with ADD were included in our study. The study design comprised: clinicopsychopathological, somatoneurological, psychological and neurohormonal methods.ResultsClustering symptom of anxiety and depression have shown that for children in early puberty is typical more formation of somatic (35.2%), behavioral (21.6%), phobic (21.6%) variants of depression, less-anxiety (13.5%), asthenia (8.1%). For children in puberty – apathetic (30.1%), anxiety (28.9%), dismorfofobic (27.7%), behavioral (13.3%) variants. The proportion of suicidal behavior of depression increases in proportion to age, mainly due to suicidal thoughts, sayings, auto-aggressive behavior. Analysis of the formation conditions of anxiety and depression in children showed a significant correlation of genetic, biological and socio-environmental components.Symptoms of the minimal brain dysfunction (MBD) at an early ontogeny (prognostic value = +4.8), loaded natal period (PV = +4.2), frequent colds in the medical history (PV = 3.7), signs of cerebro-organic failure (PV = +3.8) and obesity as an endocrine disorder (PV = +2.1), sex and age of the manifestation of the first depressive episode in the early stages ontogenesis in boys aged 7 years (PS = +5.3), in girls aged 9 years (PS = +3.9) have been registered among biological risk factors for the ADD formation. Prognostic significance of neurohormonal parameters as regards the risk for ADD formation in adolescents is based on a decreased serotonin level in patients with depressive anxiety (PV = +2.8) and a reduced melatonin level, irrespective of the variant of clinical depression (PV = +2.4).ConclusionDetermination of neurobiological and neurohormonal risk markers for the development of the ADD makes it possible to carry out psychoprophylactic measures.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Self-mutilations – an addictive behavior?
Authors: Velasco Rodrigues R. , Mesquita Reis J. , Queiroga L. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionSelf-mutilations are defined as an intentional behaviour that involves direct aggression to the person's body, without aware suicide intention. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV (DSM-IV) included self-mutilation as part of the diagnostic criteria for the other specified disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorder or borderline personality disorder. Later, the DSM-5 suggests that this behavior constitutes a separate diagnostic entity. Despite the growing concern regarding the increased incidence of self-mutilation among adolescents, there is still no consensus on the pathogenesis of this behavior. Recent studies have suggested that, in some cases, non-suicidal self-injurious behavior may be understood as an addictive behavior. Based on this hypothesis, several researchers have conducted genetic, neurobiological and clinical studies, to verify the existence of common pathways between these two nosological entities.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to conduct a literature review of studies that propose an additive model for self-injurious behavior, discussing its implications in the diagnostic and therapeutic interventions.MethodologyArticles indexed in the Pubmed database were analyzed as well as book and studies published in scientific journals.ConclusionA better understanding of the pathogenesis of self-mutilation is crucial to our diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. Unfortunately, studies done on this topic in the past were inconclusive. Further clarification, through new studies, is needed in order for us to help adolescents with this behavior in a more effective way.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Depression across DSM and ICD editions: Psychiatric nosology's ‘Black Dog’
Authors: Leite R. , Macedo P. , Borges J. , Santos T. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionThe diagnosis of depressive disorders has suffered important modifications throughout DSM and ICD editions. The history of those modifications is an important subject to fully understand the current diagnostic criteria and classification, with milestones often set not by scientific or theoretical data but rather by political decision and conflicting interests.ObjectiveThe authors propose a review of how the concept of major depression has evolved along the several DSM and ICD editions.MethodsThe results were obtained searching literature included on the platforms PubMed, Google Scholar, PsycINFO and Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection.ResultsThe current diagnostic entity lacks validity and utility and that is an obstacle to both scientific research and clinical practice.ConclusionThe authors also discuss alternative models which may contribute to a paradigm shift more suitable to clinical reality and to provide a useful framework for all levels of research.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Psychotic and obsessive symptoms: A case report
Authors: Montes Reula L. , Portilla Fernández A. , Saiz García H. 
Published: June 2017

A 28-year-old patient who began three months of symptoms of low mood, apathy and anhedonia. The patient in this last month had accepted a job but the first day had left by “feeling incapable”. He asked for specialized help. He was diagnosed with severe depressive episode and antidepressant treatment. Some weeks of patient treatment did not improve. He began to voice greater feelings of hopelessness and ideas of active death secondary to his process. He was admitted a partial hospitalization for further control and evaluation. In his evolution, visual hallucinations and a mild delusional ideation of unstructured surveillance and injury were observed. The patient verbalized with little repercussion these sensoperceptive alterations. Neuroleptic treatment was given but we could not manage high doses because of poor tolerance and side effects of treatment. The symptomatology did not improve and the patient's anguish increased. In the moments of greater distress, the patient performed superficial cuts on his forearms that he criticized. During the following months, symptoms of an obsessive type were observed, which had already pre-entered but had been reactivated. He began to perform rituals of verification with important repercussion.DiscussionIn the scientific literature the relationship between psychosis and obsession has been studied on many occasions, without reaching firm conclusions. In 2004, Poyurosvsky postulated the possible diagnosis of a subgroup called “schizo-obsessive” that included both disorders.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Comparison of insight in bipolar disorder with and without co-morbid substance use disorders
Authors: Mustapha S. Ben , Homri W. , Jouini L. , Labbane R. 
Published: June 2017

AimsCompare the level of insight in bipolar disorder (BD) with and without substance use disorders (SUD).MethodsCase-control study during a period of six months from July 2015 to December 2015. One hundred euthymic patients with BD (type I, II or unspecified) were recruited in the department of psychiatry C Razi Hospital, during their follow-up. Two groups were individualized by the presence or not of SUD co-morbidity. We evaluated and compared insight with Birchwood IS scale (with its three sub-scales),ResultsThe mean age was 40.6 years (±16.4). The sex ratio was 2. Sixty-six percent of patients were diagnosed with bipolar disorder type 1 and type 2 bipolar disorder remains.There is no statistically significant difference between bipolar with and without SUD in terms of quality of insight.As for the subscales, bipolar patients with comorbid SUD had lower scores of awareness of any symptoms, whereas there was no significant difference regarding the awareness of illness and the need for treatment between the two populations.ConclusionsCo-morbid SUD can affect the quality of insight in individuals with BD. Patients with this co-morbidity should be targeted for intensive psycho-educational measures and psychotherapeutic interventions focused on the improvement of insight.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The interesting case of a woman who gets eating satisfaction through a gastrostomy tube
Authors: Christodoulou I. , Tsiompanou F. , Peitsidis N. , Dounias G. , Tsakiridis I. , Kelesidou V. 
Published: June 2017

Aim of this study is to show how people are getting accustomed to alternative ways of eating in cases of illness and eating disability. Case report presentation: A 60-year-old woman was admitted in the Intensive Care Unit due to an acute upper airway obstruction. The woman was tracheostomized before entering the ICU and presented a large goiter and thus she was operated two days later and a thyroidectomy was executed. Post-operatively, it was diagnosed that a tracheo-esophageal fistula was present and the patient was obliged to live with a gastrostomy for months. During the first attempts for eating via a nasogastric tube at first and later via a gastrostomy, she had various problems with enteric nutrition, most prominent of which was osmotic diarrhea. The patient asked soon to stop eating enteral nutrition and preferred to eat food of her choice according to her appetite. She insisted that she was able to receive eating satisfaction, even by eating through a gastrostomy, because her bowels gave to her a positive feedback with the form of abdominal comfort after lunches. She said that the only food that would not harm her was real food and she chose food on her own with the help of her sister. This woman never presented any kind of psychiatric disorder in the past, neither she lost her courage inside hospital, although she was forced to live with a tracheostomy and a gastrostomy for more than 6 months.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.