bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
N′‐(3‐Aminopropyl)‐N′‐dodecylpropan‐1,3‐diamin [MAK Value Documentation in German language, 2017]
Authors: Hartwig A. ,   MAK Commission
Published: July 2017

Abstract

The German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has evaluated N‐(3‐aminopropyl)‐N‐dodecylpropane‐1,3‐diamine [
2372‐82‐9
] to derive a maximum concentration at the workplace (MAK value), considering all toxicity endpoints. Available unpublished study reports and publications are described in detail. Critical effects are degeneration of heart muscle cells and lympho‐histiocytic infiltrations in the skeletal muscles of male rats. No NOAEL could be derived for these effects. The LOAEL is 4 mg/kg body weight. A NAEL of 1.3 mg/kg body weight was extrapolated and a MAK value of 0.05 mg/m
3
for the inhalable fraction could be derived. The derivation of the MAK value is conservative because the determined oral absorption is very low and for the inhalative absorption a default value of 100 % is assumed due to a lack of experimental data. N‐(3‐Aminopropyl)‐N‐dodecylpropane‐1,3‐diamine is basic and therefore corrosive to rabbit skin, hence an irritation potential for the respiratory tract has to be assumed. No inhalation studies are available. Compared to several primary, secondary and tertiary amines which have MAK values between 1 and 13 mg/m
3
, the basicity of N‐(3‐aminopropyl)‐N‐dodecylpropane‐1,3‐diamine is almost the same or less. Therefore, a MAK value of 0.05 mg/m
3
should protect against local irritating effects. As the critical effect is systemic, the substance has been classified in Peak Limitation Category II. An excursion factor of 8 is set as the half‐life in blood is at least 28.5 hours. The NOAELs for developmental toxicity in rats and rabbits are 22.5 and 9 mg/kg body weight and day, respectively, which can be scaled to concentrations of 1 and 0.66 mg/m
3
at the workplace. Thus, there is no reason to fear damage to the embryo or foetus when the MAK value is observed and the substance is classified in Pregnancy Risk Group C. N‐(3‐Aminopropyl)‐N‐dodecylpropane‐1,3‐diamine is not genotoxic or carcinogenic. The potential of contact sensitization in humans cannot be definitely assessed because of the corrosive character. The substance is not a contact sensitizer in guinea pigs. Skin contact is not expected to contribute significantly to systemic toxicity
Benzoesäure, und Alkalibenzoate [MAK Value Documentation in German language, 2017]
Authors: Hartwig A. ,   MAK Commission
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe German Commission for the Investigation of Health Hazards of Chemical Compounds in the Work Area has re‐evaluated benzoic acid and alkali benzoates [65‐85‐0;532‐32‐1;582‐25‐2] to derive a maximum concentration at the workplace (MAK value), considering all toxicity endpoints. Available study reports and publications are described in detail.Based on the NOAEC for lung toxicity of 12.6 mg/m3in a 4‐week inhalation study in rats, a MAK value of 0.5 mg/m3for the strongly irritating benzoic acid has been derived. Alkali benzoates are only slightly irritating. In consideration of the systemic NOAEC of 250 mg/m3in another 4‐week inhalation study in rats exposed to benzoic acid, a MAK value for alkali benzoates of 10 mg/m3(inhalable fraction), calculated as benzoate, has been derived. Benzoic acid and alkali benzoates are assigned to Peak Limitation Category II, because systemic effects are critical, and excursion factors of 2 for alkali benzoates and of 4 for benzoic acid are set.In a developmental toxicity study with sodium benzoate in rats, foetotoxic effects were observed at 1850 mg/kg body weight and day. The NOAEL was 1340 mg/kg body weight and day. In mice, rabbits and hamsters, no developmental toxicity from sodium benzoate was detected in the foetuses of dams treated with up to 175, 250 or 300 mg/kg body weight and day, respectively. The differences between the NOAEL for rats, mice, rabbits and hamsters scaled to an inhalation concentration at the workplace and the MAK value are considered so large that damage to the embryo or foetus is unlikely when the MAK value is observed. Therefore, benzoic acid and alkali benzoates are classified in Pregnancy Risk Group C.Benzoic acid and alkali benzoates are not regarded as genotoxic. Long‐term studies with sodium benzoate in rats and mice were of limited validity and do not point to a carcinogenic potential. Sensitization is not expected as benzoic acid and alkali benzoates are not contact sensitizers in animal studies. Immediate contact reactions observed in animals and humans are based on a non‐immunologic mechanism. Skin contact is expected to contribute significantly to the systemic toxicity. Therefore, benzoic acid and alkali benzoates are designated with an “H”.
Trypsin and Chymotrypsin [MAK Value Documentation, 2016]
Authors: van Kampen V. , Hartwig A. ,   MAK Commission
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Trypsin (EC 3.4.21.4) and Chymotrypsin (EC 3.4.21.1) are proteolytic pancreatic enzymes which are secreted as inactive precursors trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen, respectively. They have several clinical pharmacological as well as laboratory applications and they are used in protein chemistry, especially in the preparation of insulin. Exposure to enzyme dusts has long been known to cause occupational immediate hypersensitivities of the airways. Also trypsin and chymotrypsin are potential inhalable sensitizers; cases of specific airway sensitization caused by trypsin and chymotrypsin containing products could be shown clearly by several studies. Positive skin prick and challenge tests as well as specific IgE antibodies have been described. Since these results and the clinical symptoms usually matched well, an immunological mechanism of action is suggested. There is no clear evidence of allergic cell‐mediated late type eczematous skin reactions. Trypsin and chymotrypsin are designated with “Sa” (for substances causing airway sensitization) but not with “Sh” (for skin‐sensitizing substances).
Synthesis of Dihydrophosphaisocoumarins through a Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Cyclization of Arylphosphonic Acid Monoethyl Esters with 1,3‐Dienes
Authors: Son Jeong‐Yu , Kim Hyunseok , Jeon Woo Hyung , Baek Yonghyeon , Seo Boram , Um Kyusik , Lee Kooyeon , Lee Phil Ho 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAn efficient synthetic method for the selective preparation of dihydrophosphaisocoumarins and their derivatives was developed through a palladium‐catalyzed oxidative cyclization reaction of a wide range of arylphosphonic acid monoethyl esters with activated and unactivated 1,3‐dienes, including 1‐aryl‐substituted 1,3‐dienes and 1‐alkyl‐substituted 1,3‐dienes, thus opening a new avenue for the synthesis of phosphaheterocyclic compounds.magnified image
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Genotyping in Single‐Molecule Electronic Circuits
Authors: He Gen , Li Jie , Qi Chuanmin , Guo Xuefeng 
Published: July 2017

AbstractEstablishing low‐cost, high‐throughput, simple, and accurate single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping techniques is beneficial for understanding the intrinsic relationship between individual genetic variations and their biological functions on a genomic scale. Here, a straightforward and reliable single‐molecule approach is demonstrated for precise SNP authentication by directly measuring the fluctuations in electrical signals in an electronic circuit, which is fabricated from a high‐gain field‐effect silicon nanowire decorated with a single hairpin DNA, in the presence of different target DNAs. By simply comparing the proportion difference of a probe‐target duplex structure throughout the process, this study implements allele‐specific and accurate SNP detection. These results are supported by the statistical analyses of different dynamic parameters such as the mean lifetime and the unwinding probability of the duplex conformation. In comparison with conventional polymerase chain reaction and optical methods, this convenient and label‐free method is complementary to existing optical methods and also shows several advantages, such as simple operation and no requirement for fluorescent labeling, thus promising a futuristic route toward the next‐generation genotyping technique.
Safety of union home care aides in Washington State
Authors: Schoenfisch Ashley L. , Lipscomb Hester , Phillips Leslie E. 
Published: July 2017

IntroductionA rate‐based understanding of home care aides’ adverse occupational outcomes related to their work location and care tasks is lacking.MethodsWithin a 30‐month, dynamic cohort of 43 394 home care aides in Washington State, injury rates were calculated by aides’ demographic and work characteristics. Injury narratives and focus groups provided contextual detail.ResultsInjury rates were higher for home care aides categorized as female, white, 50 to <65 years old, less experienced, with a primary language of English, and working through an agency (versus individual providers). In addition to direct occupational hazards, variability in workload, income, and supervisory/social support is of concern.ConclusionsPolicies should address the roles and training of home care aides, consumers, and managers/supervisors. Home care aides’ improved access to often‐existing resources to identify, manage, and eliminate occupational hazards is called for to prevent injuries and address concerns related to the vulnerability of this needed workforce.
Selfenergy Effect on the Magnetic Ordering Transition in the Mono‐ and Bilayer Honeycomb Hubbard Model
Authors: Honerkamp Carsten 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe investigate the impact of electron self‐energy corrections on potential antiferromagnetic ordering instabilities in mono‐ and bilayer graphene, modeled by a Hubbard‐type lattice model with onsite interactions among the electrons, using a self‐consistent random phase approximation (RPA). In qualitative agreement with earlier studies we find that the electronic interactions cause non‐Fermi liquid behavior at low energies. In self‐consistent RPA, the transition scales for antiferromagnetic ordering are renormalized significantly by these self‐energy effects, both for interaction‐driven and temperature‐driven cases.
From Diffusive to Ballistic Transport in Etched Graphene Constrictions and Nanoribbons
Authors: Somanchi Sowmya , Terrés Bernat , Peiro Julian , Staggenborg Maximilian , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Beschoten Bernd , Stampfer Christoph 
Published: July 2017

AbstractGraphene nanoribbons and constrictions are envisaged as fundamental components of future carbon‐based nanoelectronic and spintronic devices. At nanoscale, electronic effects in these devices depend heavily on the dimensions of the active channel and the nature of edges. Hence, controlling both these parameters is crucial to understand the physics in such systems. This review is about the recent progress in the fabrication of graphene nanoribbons and constrictions in terms of low temperature quantum transport. In particular, recent advancements using encapsulated graphene allowing for quantized conductance and future experiments towards exploring spin effects in these devices are presented. The influence of charge carrier inhomogeneity and the important length scales which play a crucial role for transport in high quality samples are also discussed.
Catalytic Reductive Pinacol‐Type Rearrangement of Unactivated 1,2‐Diols through a Concerted, Stereoinvertive Mechanism
Authors: Drosos Nikolaos , Cheng Gui‐Juan , Ozkal Erhan , Cacherat Bastien , Thiel Walter , Morandi Bill 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA catalytic pinacol‐type reductive rearrangement reaction of internal 1,2‐diols is reported herein. Several scaffolds not usually amenable to pinacol‐type reactions, such as aliphatic secondary–secondary diols, undergo the transformation well without the need for prefunctionalization. The reaction uses a simple boron catalyst and two silanes and proceeds through a concerted, stereoinvertive mechanism that enables the preparation of highly enantiomerically enriched products. Computational studies have been used to rationalize the preference for migration over direct deoxygenation.
Enantioselective Tandem Cyclization of Alkyne‐Tethered Indoles Using Cooperative Silver(I)/Chiral Phosphoric Acid Catalysis
Authors: Zhu Yugen , He Wei , Wang Wei , Pitsch Chloe E. , Wang Xiaotai , Wang Xiang 
Published: July 2017

AbstractReported is the enantioselective synthesis of tetracyclic indolines using silver(I)/chiral phosphoric acid catalysis. A variety of alkyne‐tethered indoles are suitable for this process. Mechanistic studies suggest that the in situ generated silver(I) chiral phosphate activates both the alkyne and the indole nucleophile in the initial cyclization step through an intermolecular hydrogen bond and the phosphate anion promotes proton transfer. In addition, further modifications of the cyclization products enabled stereochemistry–function studies of a series of bioactive indolines.
Enhancing signals from buried Roman structures in Magnetometer data by combining continuous wavelet transform and tensor voting
Authors: Jungmann Matthias , Dolenz Heimo , Clauser Christoph , Berlage Thomas 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn this paper, a processing chain is proposed for enhancing larger‐scale building structures in magnetometer data using the continuous wavelet transform for extracting the horizontal location, depth, and homogeneity (or shape) of subsurface objects. Even though the values estimated from our data do not clearly describe the archaeological site, they are used as a filter step for removing objects whose depth and homogeneity fall outside a predefined range. This yields a binary map, where valid points represent the horizontal source positions of magnetic anomalies. In a second step, curvilinear subsets of points are identified on a larger scale by the tensor voting framework indicating archaeological relevant structures, such as arcs and lines. Here, a point casts votes on neighbouring points and their values depend on the distance, and relative position of the points. All votes are summed up and the final value discriminates, whether a certain point (and therefore a magnetic source) is part of a salient curve (e.g. arc, line). Thresholding removes points with lower values while keeping those with larger values. Although the result shows many geometric features, it still needs to be combined with other data, e.g. from aerial photography or excavations. In combination, the extracted features continue those structures in the aerial photograph, thus expanding the knowledge about the archaeological site.
Perfluoroalkylated Calix[4]pyrroles: Fluoride Ion Extraction from an Aqueous Medium
Authors: Maji Sinchan , Mandal Debaprasad 
Published: July 2017

AbstractOctaalkenyl calix[4]pyrrole ((CH2=CH(CH2)2)8C4P) is highly useful for the postfunctionalization of different calix[4]pyrroles with desired functionalities. Functionalization with perfluoroalkyl chains [CF3(CF2)n; Rfn] gave perfluoroalkyl calix[4]pyrroles (Rfn(CH2)4)8C4P; n=6, 8), having >60 % fluorine content, which created a hydrophobic environment inside the calix[4]pyrrole cavity and recognized fluoride and chloride ions in solution as well as in the solid state. The fluoride ion is extracted efficiently from aqueous CsF and TBAF solutions by using (Rf6(CH2)4)8C4P, as droplets. The fluorinated chain generated a hydrophobic environment which broke the hydration shell associated with the anion and separated out fluoride ions as droplets from aqueous medium. Furthermore, the fluoride ions competitively replaced chloride ions from the (Rf6(CH2)4)8C4P cavity.
Quantitative determination of trigonelline in mouse serum by means of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography–MS/MS analysis: Application to a pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Szczesny Damian , Bartosińska Ewa , Jacyna Julia , Patejko Małgorzata , Siluk Danuta , Kaliszan Roman 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTrigonelline is a pyridine alkaloid found in fenugreek seeds and coffee beans. Most of the previous studies are concerned with the quantification of trigonelline along with other constituents in coffee herbs or beverages. Only a few have focused on its determination in animal or human tissues by applying different modes of HPLC with UV or MS detection. The aim of the study was to develop and validate a fast and simple method for trigonelline determination in serum by the use of hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) with ESI‐MS/MS detection. Separation of trigonelline was achieved on a Kinetex HILIC column operated at 35°C with acetonitrile–ammonium formate (10 mm, pH = 3) buffer mixture (55:45, v/v) as the mobile phase. The developed method was successfully applied to determine trigonelline concentration in mouse serum after intravenous administration of 10 mg/kg. The developed assay is sensitive (limit of detection = 1.5 ng/mL, limit of quantification = 5.0 ng/mL) and linear in a concentration range from 5.0 to 250.0 ng/mL. Sample preparation is limited to deproteinization, centrifugation and filtration. The application of the HILIC mode of chromatography with MS detection and selection of deuterated trigonelline as internal standard allowed a rapid and precise method of trigonelline quantification to be to developed.
Trabectedin is a promising antitumor agent potentially inducing melanocytic differentiation for clear cell sarcoma
Authors: Nakai Takaaki , Imura Yoshinori , Tamiya Hironari , Yamada Shutaro , Nakai Sho , Yasuda Naohiro , Kaneko Keiko , Outani Hidetatsu , Takenaka Satoshi , Hamada Kenichiro , Myoui Akira , Araki Nobuhito , Ueda Takafumi , Itoh Kazuyuki , Yoshikawa Hideki , Naka Norifumi 
Published: July 2017

AbstractClear cell sarcoma is an aggressive soft tissue sarcoma and highly resistant to conventional chemotherapy and radiation therapy. This devastating disease is defined by EWSR1‐ATF1 fusion gene resulting from chromosomal translocation t(12;22)(q13;q12) and characterized by melanocytic differentiation. A marine‐derived antineoplastic agent, trabectedin, inhibits the growth of myxoid liposarcoma and Ewing sarcoma by causing adipogenic differentiation and neural differentiation, respectively. In this study, we examined the antitumor effects and mechanism of action of trabectedin on human clear cell sarcoma cell lines. We showed that trabectedin decreased the cell proliferation of five clear cell sarcoma cell lines in a dose‐dependent manner in vitro and reduced tumor growth of two mouse xenograft models. Flow cytometry and immunoblot analyses in vitro and immunohistochemical analysis in vivo revealed that trabectedin‐induced G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Furthermore, trabectedin increased the expression of melanocytic differentiation markers along with downregulation of ERK activity in vitro and the rate of melanin‐positive cells in vivo. These results suggest that trabectedin has potent antitumor activity against clear cell sarcoma cells by inducing cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and, in part, by promoting melanocytic differentiation through inactivation of ERK signaling. Our present study indicates that trabectedin is a promising differentiation‐inducing agent for clear cell sarcoma.
Transcriptome analysis in primary colorectal cancer tissues from patients with and without liver metastases using next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Wang Sen , Zhang Chuan , Zhang Zhiyuan , Qian Wenwei , Sun Ye , Ji Bing , Zhang Yue , Zhu Chunyan , Ji Dongjian , Wang Qingyuan , Sun Yueming 
Published: July 2017

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide and liver metastases are the leading cause of death in patients with CRC. In this study, we performed next‐generation sequencing profiling on primary colorectal tumor tissues obtained from three CRC patients with liver metastases and three CRC patients without liver metastases to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that might be responsible for the metastases process. After filtering 2690 DEGs, comprising 996 upregulated and 1694 downregulated RNAs, 22 upregulated and 73 downregulated DEGs were identified. Gene ontology (GO) and pathway analyses were performed to determine the underlying mechanisms. Single‐organism process (biological process), cell (cellular component), and binding (molecular function) were the most related terms in the GO analysis. We selected the top 13 upregulated and top 12 downregulated genes by fold change to verify their differential expression using quantitative real‐time reverse transcription PCR (qRT‐PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The validation showed that three most significantly upregulated DEGs were HOXD10, UGT2A3, and SLC13A2, whereas the five most significantly downregulated DEGs were SPP1, CXCL8, MMP3, OSM, and CXCL6, respectively. These aberrantly expressed genes may play pivotal roles in promoting or inhibiting metastases. Further studies are required to determine the functions of DEGs to promote the diagnosis of metastases and provide novel chemotherapy targets.
Non‐Precious Metal/Metal Oxides and Nitrogen‐Doped Reduced Graphene Oxide based Alkaline Water‐Electrolysis Cell
Authors: Vineesh Thazhe Veettil , Sekar Archana , Rajappa Sivamathini , Pal Shubhadeep , Alwarappan Subbiah , Narayanan Tharangattu N. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe development of strategies for water‐electrolysis half‐cell‐reaction catalysts without the use of precious metals/metal oxides and the synergistic compilation of catalysts for the full‐cell fabrication are receiving tremendous scientific attention. Here, alkaline water‐electrolysis full cells are developed with novel spongy catalysts for both anode and cathode reactions, such as Co3O4 nitrogen‐doped reduced graphene oxide (Co3O4/NrGO) composite sponge for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and nickel nitrogen‐doped reduced graphene oxide (NiNrGO) for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The performance of the developed OER catalyst, Co3O4/NrGO, is compared with that of the commercial one (IrO2) in alkaline medium with a common benchmark cathode catalyst (Pt) and an augmented full‐cell performance is shown from this novel combination (320 mAcm−2 at an operating voltage of 1.9 V for Co3O4/NrGO, with 199 mA cm−2 for IrO2). A water‐electrolysis full cell is developed without the use of HER catalyst Pt, but rather using a porous spongy catalyst, NiNrGO, having a low operating potential with a high stability (270 mA cm−2 at an operating voltage of 1.9 V with a stability tested for more than 9 h). This work opens up the possibilities of designing lightweight water‐electrolysis cells without the use of commercial benchmark precious‐metal catalysts.
Efficient Conversion of CO2 to Methane Photocatalyzed by Conductive Black Titania
Authors: Yin Guoheng , Bi Qingyuan , Zhao Wei , Xu Jijian , Lin Tianquan , Huang Fuqiang 
Published: July 2017

AbstractOne of the major challenges encountered in CO2 utilization is the development of available and cost‐efficient catalysts with sufficient activity, selectivity, and stability for the generation of useful methane. Here, conductive black titania, TiO2−x, is found to be efficient in photocatalyzing the reduction of CO2 to CH4. This unique material comprises a crystalline core–amorphous shell structure (TiO2@TiO2−x) with numerous surface oxygen vacancies, which facilitates the adsorption and chemical activation of CO2 molecules. Under full solar irradiation, the optimized 500‐TiO2−x material with narrowed band gap and intermediate states below the conduction band tail exhibits a high space‐time yield of CH4 of 14.3 μmol g−1 h−1, with 74 % selectivity and excellent photostability. The present findings can make a significant contribution, not only to develop the surface electron‐modified black TiO2 catalyst to boost photocatalytic efficiency, but also to establish a really viable and convenient CH4 production process for CO2 conversion and renewable solar energy storage.