bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Megawatt‐scale solar variability study: an experience from a 1.2 MWp photovoltaic system in Australia over three years
Authors: Yan Ruifeng , Saha Tapan Kumar , Meredith Paul , Ananth Akilesh , Hossain Mohammed Imran 
Published: May 2016

With more photovoltaic (PV) systems being integrated into distribution networks, power utilities are facing many challenges in both planning and operation. Network operators are concerned with PV variability and associated necessity of voltage regulation, control coordination, reserve adequacy and dispatch constraints. While to address the obligatory connection agreement, it is vital for PV farm owners to accurately estimate PV variability and then provide the most cost‐effective compensation method. In the literature, PV variability of different scales has been investigated over the last 20 years. However, little has focused on output fluctuations of PV systems with long‐term and high‐resolution recorded data at a low‐voltage distribution feeder level where voltage regulation has become a serious issue. This is particularly true in Australia, where PV penetration is growing in many states and is expected to grow further in the near future. This study utilises the data of a distributed 1.2 MWp PV system in the University of Queensland recorded over the last three years with 1‐min resolution to analyse the statistical characteristics of PV power variability. The results from this study will provide very useful information for both power utilities and solar farm owners regarding network operation and future PV system development.
Vasopressin in Pediatric Critical Care
Authors: Choong Karen 
Published: May 2016

AbstractVasopressin is a unique hormone with complex receptor physiology and numerous physiologic functions beyond its well-known vascular actions and osmoregulation. While vasopressin has in the past been primarily used in the management of diabetes insipidus and acute gastrointestinal bleeding, an increased understanding of the physiology of refractory shock, and the role of vasopressin in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis prompted a renewed interest in the therapeutic roles for this hormone in the critical care setting. Identifying vasopressin-deficient individuals for the purposes of assessing responsiveness to exogenous hormone and prognosticating outcome has expanded research into the evaluation of vasopressin and its precursor, copeptin as useful biomarkers. This review summarizes the current evidence for vasopressin in critically ill children, with a specific focus on its use in the management of shock. We outline important considerations and current guidelines, when considering the use of vasopressin or its analogues in the pediatric critical care setting.
Economic and Conservation Impacts of Stocking Wild Florida Bass into Large Florida Lakes
Authors: Thompson Brandon C. , Porak Wesley F. , Bonvechio Kimberly I. , Barthel Brandon L. , Allen Micheal S. , Adams Charles M. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Supplemental stocking of fingerling or advanced fingerling Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides is a common management strategy for augmenting natural production in low-recruitment systems. Few studies, however, have evaluated the impact of stocking adult bass taken from donor lakes. Over a period of 6 years, University of Florida researchers stocked Florida Lakes Griffin and Dora with 24,781 wild Florida Bass M. s. floridanus collected by electrofishing from other Florida lakes. During stocking years, stocked fish made up to 10% of the population in Lake Griffin and 27% in Lake Dora from electrofishing samples. However, 1 year after all stocked fish had been released, the proportion of stocked bass had declined to less than 5%, and 3 years after it had declined to less than 1%. We did not detect an increase in recruitment (catch of age-1 bass) following stocking, so any benefit from stocking was likely short-lived. We also could not conclude that stocking was responsible for increasing fishing effort because total fishing effort did not increase after stocking. As a result, no additive economic benefits could be attributed to the stocking program. During randomized electrofishing sampling, we collected 51 wild bass that had been released during the stocking program, and genetic analysis determined that two (3.9%) were hybrids and had alleles from nonnative Largemouth Bass. The extrapolation of these results estimated that almost 1,000 hybrids had been introduced into Lakes Griffin and Dora, which were historically identified to contain pure Florida Bass populations. Future wild bass stocking programs should include an appropriate study design for evaluating changes in fish populations, changes in the fishery, and economic consequences of stocking. Furthermore, a risk–benefit assessment should be completed before any stocking program is initiated, including consideration of any potential impacts on biodiversity.
Received February 26, 2015; accepted January 6, 2016 Published online May 9, 2016
Tumor evolution of glioma intrinsic gene expression subtype associates with immunological changes in the microenvironment
Authors: Wang Qianghu , Hu Xin , Hu Baoli , Muller Florian , Kim Hoon , Squatrito Massimo , Millelsen Tom , Scarpace Lisa , Barthel Floris , Lin Yu-Hsi , Satani Nikunj , Martinez-Ledesma Emmanuel , Chang Edward , Olar Adriana , Wang Guocan , deCarvalho Ana C. , Eskilsson Eskil , Zheng Siyuan , Heimberger Amy B. , Sulman Erik P. , Nam Do-Hyun , Verhaak Roel G.W. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryWe leveraged IDH wild type glioblastomas and derivative neurospheres to define tumor-intrinsic transcription phenotypes. Transcriptomic multiplicity correlated with increased intratumoral heterogeneity and tumor microenvironment presence. In silico cell sorting demonstrated that M2 macrophages/microglia are the most frequent type of immune cells in the glioma microenvironment, followed by CD4 T lymphocytes and neutrophils. Hypermutation associated with CD8+ T cell enrichment. Longitudinal transcriptome analysis of 124 pairs of primary and recurrent gliomas showed expression subtype is retained in 53% of cases with no proneural to mesenchymal transition being apparent. Inference of the tumor microenvironment through gene signatures revealed a decrease in invading monocytes but a subtype dependent increase in M2 macrophages/microglia cells after disease recurrence. All expression datasets are accessible through http://recur.bioinfo.cnio.es/.SignificanceIDH wild type glioblastoma expression phenotypes have been related to tumor characteristics including genomic abnormalities and treatment response. We explored the intratumoral transcriptomic landscape, including a definition of tumor-intrinsic gene expression subtypes and how they relate to the different cellular components of the tumor immune environment. Comparison of matching primary and recurrent gliomas provided insights into the treatment-induced phenotypic tumor evolution. Proneural to mesenchymal transitions have long been suspected but were not apparent, while intratumoral heterogeneity was a predictor of subtype transition upon recurrence. Characterizing the evolving glioblastoma transcriptome en tumor microenvironment aids in designing more effective immunotherapy trials. Our study provides a comprehensive transcriptional and cellular landscape of IDH wild type GBM during treatment modulated tumor evolution.HighlightsNext generation GBM-intrinsic transcriptional subtypes: proneural, classical, mesenchymalM2 macrophages, CD4+ T-lymphocytes and neutrophils dominate glioblastoma microenvironmentSensitivity to radiotherapy may associate with M2 macrophage presenceCD8+ T cells are enriched in hypermutated GBMs at diagnosis and recurrence
Study on fractional order grey reducing generation operator
Authors: Meng Wei , Li Qian , Zeng Bo 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to derive the analytical expression of fractional order reducing generation operator (or inverse accumulating generating operation) and study its properties.

Design/methodology/approach
– This disaggregation method includes three main steps. First, by utilizing Gamma function expanded for integer factorial, this paper expands one order reducing generation operator into integer order reducing generation operator and fractional order reducing generation operator, and gives the analytical expression of fractional order reducing generation operator. Then, studies the commutative law and exponential law of fractional order reducing generation operator. Lastly, gives several examples of fractional order reducing generation operator and verifies the commutative law and exponential law of fractional order reducing generation operator.

Findings
– The authors pull the analytical expression of fractional order reducing generation operator and verify that fractional order reducing generation operator satisfies commutative law and exponential law.

Practical implications
– Expanding the reducing generation operator would help develop grey prediction model with fractional order operators and widen the application fields of grey prediction models.

Originality/value
– The analytical expression of fractional order reducing generation operator, properties of commutative law and exponential law for fractional order reducing generation operator are first studied.
Reflections on the value and impact of library and information services
Authors: Urquhart Christine , Turner Jenny 
Published: May 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to critically review methods of impact assessment and economic analyses.Design/methodology/approach– Reviews the literature on impact assessment, and examines some case studies of impact assessment in health libraries. Relates satisfaction and dissatisfaction assessment to impact assessment. Identifies recent impact assessment approaches in public and academic libraries, and explores different uses of terminology for impact and outcome. Reviews literature on economic analysis of value, including cost analyses, cost-effectiveness analysis and return on investment (ROI) studies.Findings– Terms for library assessment (outcome, output, impact, value and benefit) vary among different sectors. Impact evaluation should examine initial assumptions of value carefully, and examine possible gaps in the line of argument linking inputs of library services to presumed impacts (positive and negative). More attention to sampling and response rates is required, to avoid problems such as the “warm glow” effect. Qualitative and quantitative evidence should be carefully integrated to tell the impact story. Economic impact can be estimated, but methodology depends on the service aims and sector.Originality/value– Demonstrates that some of the requirements for traditional impact assessment also affect economic analyses and ROI studies.
Capturing digital developments through qualitative inquiry
Authors: Kyrillidou Martha , Cook Colleen , Lippincott Sarah 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to describe a model of digital library (DL) work that surfaced through the ARL Profiles 2010 and resonates current work underway by the large-scale DL projects like DPLA, SHARE, Hathitrust, Academic Preservation Trust, and Digital Preservation Network.

Design/methodology/approach
– In total, 86 ARL members submitted institutional profiles that were analyzed using Atlas.ti and surfaced major themes that comprise the mission of research libraries including serving the public good, expanding their presence globally, setting standards for access and quality, needing to explore best practices, and being visible at the national and international levels.

Findings
– The analysis of the narratives identified three key areas for DL developments: first, digitized special collections, second, acquiring digital content, and third, developing digital services (Figure 1). Specific examples and context are provided in the paper.

Research limitations/implications
– The qualitative data collected from these profiles demonstrate that libraries are transforming their services to leverage digital technologies and meet the changing needs of their users. The approach was open ended and allowed libraries to celebrate their strengths and unique context. Some of the disadvantages of this approach include the amount of work both on behalf of the participating libraries as well as on behalf of the analysts and the difficulty of comparing libraries with one another.

Originality/value
– This was the first time ARL attempted to describe research libraries using narrative descriptions. The approach complements the traditional ARL Statistics and offers a viable alternative in a future environment that is dominated by radical change. This qualitative approach deployed here is critical for describing DL developments as current large-scale digitization projects have extended the directions that were surfacing in these profiles and have major implications for the future of digital content and research. Future research in this area is strongly encouraged.
Predator swamping reduces predation risk during nocturnal migration of juvenile salmon in a high‐mortality landscape
Authors: Furey Nathan B. , Hinch Scott G. , Bass Arthur L. , Middleton Collin T. , Minke‐Martin Vanessa , Lotto Andrew G. 
Published: May 2016

Summary

Animal migrations are costly and are often characterized by high predation risk for individuals. Three of the most oft‐assumed mechanisms for reducing risk for migrants are swamping predators with high densities, specific timing of migrations and increased body size.

Assessing the relative importance of these mechanisms in reducing predation risk particularly for migrants is generally lacking due to the difficulties in tracking the fate of individuals and population‐level characteristics simultaneously.

We used acoustic telemetry to track migration behaviour and survival of juvenile sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) smolts released over a wide range of conspecific outmigration densities in a river associated with poor survival.

The landscape was indeed high risk; smolt survival was poor (˜68%) over 13·5 km of river examined even though migration was rapid (generally <48 h). Our results demonstrate that smolts largely employ swamping of predators to reduce predation risk. Increased densities of co‐migrant conspecifics dramatically improved survival of smolts. The strong propensity for nocturnal migration resulted in smolts pausing downstream movements until the next nightfall, greatly increasing relative migration durations for smolts that could not traverse the study area in a single night. Smolt size did not appear to impact predation risk, potentially due to unique characteristics of the system or our inability to tag the entire size range of outmigrants.

Movement behaviours were important in traversing this high‐risk landscape and provide rare evidence for swamping to effectively reduce individual predation risk.
Exotic or not, leaf trait dissimilarity modulates the effect of dominant species on mixed litter decomposition
Authors: Finerty Genevieve E. , de Bello Francesco , Bílá Karolína , Berg Matty P. , Dias André T.C. , Pezzatti Gianni B. , Moretti Marco 
Published: May 2016

Summary

It has long been recognized that leaf traits exert a crucial control on litter decomposition, a key process for nutrient cycling, and that invading species can greatly alter such soil processes via changes in mixed litter trait composition. Trait effects on ecosystem processes are hypothesized to operate via changes in either dominant trait values in the community (often calculated as community‐weighted mean trait values; CWM) or trait functional diversity (dissimilarity between species trait values; FD). Few have studied the effects of these community trait components in tandem due to their interdependence.

We studied litter mixture decomposition using three exotic and six native European tree species with a range in litter decomposability, to disentangle the unique and combined roles of CWM and FD in explaining net litter mixture mass loss.

We showed that while CWM exerted the strongest effect on mass loss, FD modulated its effects, increasing mass loss in mixtures with low mean decomposability and decreasing mass loss in mixtures with high mean decomposability. Litter species identity and native/exotic status explained relatively little additional variation in mass loss after accounting for CWM and FD. We further showed that alterations to CWM and FD were more important than the replacement of a native species with an exotic counterpart in predicting mass loss.

Synthesis: Our results indicate that the effect of adding an exotic or losing a native species on litter decomposition rate can be predicted from how a species alters both CWM and FD trait values. This supports the idea that the repercussions of exotic species on ecosystem processes depends on the extent that introduced species bear novel traits or trait values and so on how functionally dissimilar a species is compared to the existing species in the community.
Lamina cribrosa thickness correlated with posterior scleral thickness and axial length in monkeys
Authors: Jonas Jost B. , Kutscher Jan N. , Panda‐Jonas Songhomitra , Hayreh Sohan S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPurposeTo explore associations of lamina cribrosa thickness with axial length and thickness of the posterior sclera in monkeys.MethodsExamining histological sections by light microscopy, we measured the thickness of the lamina cribrosa and posterior sclera and axial length.ResultsThe study included 28 animals (28 eyes) with a mean age of 13.3 ± 4.9 years (range: 3–24 years) and mean axial length of 18.9 ± 1.4 mm (range: 17–21 mm) (22 eyes after experimental temporary central retinal artery occlusion; four eyes after a permanent occlusion of the posterior ciliary artery; and two eyes without any intervention). Mean thickness of the lamina cribrosa was 167 ± 30 μm (range: 115–273 μm). Thinner lamina cribrosa thickness was significantly associated with longer axial length (standardized correlation coefficient beta: ‐0.42; p = 0.026), with thinner sclera at the posterior pole (beta: 0.56; p = 0.002) and with thinner sclera at the disc border (beta: 0.55; p = 0.002). Lamina cribrosa thickness was not significantly related to temporary central retinal artery occlusion (p = 0.14) or to permanent posterior ciliary artery occlusion (p = 0.49) or age (p = 0.46).ConclusionsAs in humans, lamina cribrosa thickness in non‐glaucomatous monkeys got thinner with longer axial length and with thinner posterior sclera. These data may be of interest for studies on the process of emmetropization/myopization in monkeys, and they may be of interest for the studies on the biomechanics of the optic nerve head.
Factors Associated with Preference for Vaginal Birth among Undergraduate Students from Southern Brazil
Authors: Knobel Roxana , Takemoto Maíra L. S. , Andreucci Carla B. , Docusse Pedro , McKinley Danette W. , Amaral Eliana 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackroundCesarean rates in Brazil have reached over 50 percent of all births. Multiple factors have been studied aiming to explain these rates. Mode of delivery preferences among university students may provide insights into strategies to reduce those numbers.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted enrolling students who attended Health Sciences and Human Sciences undergraduate programs in 2013. Participants answered a semi‐structured questionnaire about which mode of delivery they considered the “best” (less risky and more beneficial) and the “preferred” mode (the one they would choose for themselves or their partners). Pearson chi‐square was used to assess association among variables. Multiple regression analysis identified independent factors associated with the outcome measures.ResultsAmong the 797 students who provided complete responses (76% response rate), the mean age was 22.6 years, 61.6 percent were female, 2.6 percent had previous pregnancies, and 56.7 percent were born by cesarean. Vaginal birth was chosen as the “best” mode of delivery by 91.2 percent, and the “preferred” mode by 75.5 percent of students. Being male, born vaginally, and a Health Sciences student was associated with a preference for vaginal birth. Being a Health Sciences student and born vaginally was associated with considering vaginal birth the “best” mode of delivery.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that the recognition of the benefits of vaginal birth do not always translate into a personal preference for vaginal birth. The student's own mode of birth was a strong predictor of their preferences for mode of delivery.
The behaviour of residual tumour after the intentional incomplete excision of a vestibular schwannoma: is it such a bad thing to leave some behind?
Authors: Syed M.I. , Wolf A. , Ilan O. , Hughes C.O. , Chung J. , Tymianski M. , Pothier D.D. , Rutka J.A. 
Published: May 2016

ObjectivesTo evaluate the biological behaviour of tumour remnants intentionally left in the surgical bed following the incomplete excision of vestibular schwannomas (VS) and to review the relation between extent of resection and preservation of facial nerve function.MethodsA retrospective chart review of 450 patients who underwent surgery for resection of VS over 23 years (1992–2014). Of these, 50 (11%) patients had residual tumour intentionally left on/around the facial nerve (near‐total or subtotal excision) to preserve facial nerve function intra‐operatively. The growth of residual tumour was evaluated using serial magnetic resonance imaging scanning; pre‐ and postoperative facial nerve function was assessed using the House‐Brackmann grading scale.SettingTertiary referral neurotology unit.ResultsOf the 42 non‐NF2 cases where the tumour was intentionally incompletely excised, 28 (67%) patients underwent subtotal resection (mean follow‐up 68.5 ± 39.0 months) and 14 (33%) underwent near‐total resection (mean follow‐up 72.9 ± 48.3 months). Three patients (all in subtotal resection group) showed regrowth. This was not statistically different from the near‐total resection group (χ2 = 0.92, P = 0.31). The mean overall growth for these cases was 0.68 mm ± 0.32 mm/year.5 (one near total, four subtotal) of the eight NF2 patients (62.5%) were excluded from our analysis.In the non‐NF2 group, poor facial nerve outcomes (House‐Brackmann scores of III‐IV) were seen in 2/14 and V‐VI in 3/14 of the near total compared with 7/25 and 4/25 respectively in the subtotal group.ConclusionsGiven that the primary surgery for the VS was only for tumours that were relatively large or grew during conservative treatment, the low rate of tumour remnant growth (7%) is reassuring. It may be appropriate to have a lower threshold for leaving tumour on the facial nerve in non‐NF2 patients where complete resection may jeopardise facial nerve function.