bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of Hearing Loss in Neonates and Toddlers with in Utero Exposure to SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Ahmed Imaal , Yu Michelle , Chaves Vitoria , Xu Ruiyang , Lavallée Andréane , Warmingham Jennifer M. , Firestein Morgan , Kyle Margaret H. , Fisher Kaylee , Merriman Emma T. , Rodriguez Cynthia , Mace Westin , Fernandez Cristina , Dumitriu Dani , Lalwani Anil K. 
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveGiven the prevalence of neonatal hearing loss (HL) associated with intrauterine viral exposures, the goal of this study is to provide information on neonatal HL in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsData were drawn from the COVID‐19 Mother Baby Outcomes (COMBO) Initiative. 1007 participants completed the newborn hearing screen as part of routine clinical care (COMBO‐EHR cohort) and 555 completed the National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) at 2 and/or 3 years of age for research purposes (COMBO‐RSCH cohort). Maternal SARS‐CoV‐2 infection status during pregnancy was determined through electronic health records and maternal‐reported questionnaires.ResultsIn adjusted multivariate logistic regression models covarying for newborn age at assessment, mode of delivery, and gestational age at delivery, there was no significant association between intrauterine SARS‐CoV‐2 exposure and newborn hearing screening failure (OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 0.39–2.42, p = 0.91) in the COMBO‐EHR cohort. In the COMBO‐RSCH cohort, there were similar non‐significant associations between intrauterine exposure to SARS‐CoV‐2 and maternal‐reported concern for HL on the NSCH (OR = 1.19 [95% CI = 0.30–4.24], p = 0.79).ConclusionThere is no association between intrauterine exposure to SARS‐CoV‐2 and failed hearing screen in neonates. Similarly, based on the NSCH, there is no association between intrauterine exposure to SARS‐CoV‐2 and maternal‐reported concern for hearing in toddlers. These results offer reassurance given the widespread nature of this pandemic with tens of millions of fetuses having a history of intrauterine exposure.Level of EvidenceLevel 4 Laryngoscope, 2024
Outcomes for patients with perineal and perianal rhabdomyosarcoma: A report from the Children's Oncology Group Soft Tissue Sarcoma Committee
Authors: Dasgupta Roshni , Xue Wei , Dixon Andrea Hayes , Wolden Suzanne , Yock Torunn I. , Venkatramani Rajkumar , Rodeberg David A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPurposeTo describe clinical features, risk factors, and outcomes of patients with perineal and perianal rhabdomyosarcoma.MethodsThe records of 51 patients (38 perineal and 13 perianal) enrolled on Children's Oncology Group clinical trials between 1997 and 2012 were reviewed.ResultsAt presentation, 53% were female, 65% were older than 10 years of age, 76% were alveolar histology, 76% were more than 5 cm, 84% were invasive, 65% were regional node positive by imaging, 49% were metastatic, only 16% were grossly resected upfront, and 25% of patients had a delayed excision. At a median follow‐up of 6.13 years, estimated 5‐year event‐free survival (EFS) was 38% [22.17%–53.38%], and overall survival (OS) was 42% [26.66%–58.21%]. The rates of local, regional, and distant failure were 15.6%, 13.7%, 43.1%, respectively; all failures ultimately died. By univariate analysis, only age more than 10 years negatively impacted 5‐year EFS (p = .023) and OS (p = .09), and IRS Group also impacted OS (p = .043). In Cox proportional hazards model, neither of these variables were significant after adjusting for other factors.ConclusionPatients with perineal and perianal rhabdomyosarcoma have a poor overall prognosis, probably related to poor patient and disease characteristics at presentation.
Knockdown of Fzr inhibited the growth of Nilaparvata lugens by blocking endocycle
Authors: Gao Haoli , Yuan Xiaowei , Wang Jingting , Yan Yangyang , Zhang Xinyu , He Tianshun , Lin Xumin , Zhang Huihui , Liu Zewen 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe endocycle can generate cells referred to as ‘polyploid’. Fizzy‐related protein (Fzr) plays an important role in driving the mitosis‐to‐endocycle transition. The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), a serious insect pest, feeds exclusively on rice. However, polyploidy and its regulatory mechanisms are poorly understood in BPH.ResultsHere, we found that the ploidy levels of follicles H (FH) and accessory gland (AG) significantly increased with BPH age when examining the polyploidy of FH and AG of salivary glands. Fzr was identified as an important regulator for polyploidy in BPH salivary gland. Knockdown of Fzr resulted in a decrease in cell size and DNA content in nymph salivary glands. Fzr knockdown transcriptionally upregulated cyclin‐dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), CDK2, cyclin A (CycA) and CycB, and downregulated CycD, CycE, Myc and mini‐chromosome maintenance protein 2‐7 (MCM2‐7). Phenotypically, Fzr knockdown significantly suppressed salivary protein production, feeding and survival in BPH nymphs.ConclusionOur results show that BPH salivary glands exhibit obvious polyploidy, and Fzr positively regulates the endocycle in nymph salivary gland. These findings provide clues for the study of the regulatory mechanisms of insect polyploidy. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
One‐Pot Three‐Component Construction of (Z)‐3‐Benzylidene‐2‐(quinolin‐8‐yl)isoindolin‐1‐ones Through C(sp2)−H Bond Activation Using Calcium Carbide as a Solid Alkyne Source
Authors: Wen Fei , Zhang Yonghe , Zhang Zhenghua , Mu Hongmei , Cheng Liyan , Wang Jin , He Bihong , Li Zheng , Fu Rugang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA simple method for the synthesis of (Z)‐3‐benzylidene‐2‐(quinolin‐8‐yl)isoindolin‐1‐ones through C(sp2)−H bond activation, Sonogashira cross‐coupling and annulation tandem reactions using calcium carbide as a solid alkyne source, and benzamides as starting materials is described. The inexpensive and easy‐to‐handle calcium carbide is first employed as the coupling partner in non‐activated C(sp2)−H bond activation. The one‐pot three‐component reactions proceed efficiently with a broad range of substrates and good tolerance for a diversity of functional groups. The reaction routes can also be scaled up to gram scale.
Phosphoric Acid Wet Etching of Sandwiched Silicon Nitride Nanolayers
Authors: Zhao Qiutong , Guo Jingquan , Ye Shujun , Zhang Jingjing , Yu Lihui 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWet etching of Silicon nitride (Si3N4) by phosphoric acid (H3PO4) is one of the key steps in the semiconductor fabrication process, especially for three‐dimensional integrated circuits (ICs). Unfortunately, few systematic studies of phosphoric acid etching of Silicon nitride are available. Summarizing how various factors affect etching and determining the reaction mechanism behind the etching process will help further optimize the etching process. In this work, how the boiling point of hydrous phosphoric acid solutions depends on phosphoric acid concentration is firstly investigated. Next, the etching of over 100 samples of Silicon nitride by H3PO4at different concentrations and temperatures is systematically studied. The results show that the etching rate increases nearly linearly in both temperature and H3PO4concentration, while temperature play more important role as compared to concentration. For each concentration, the reaction rate is maximal at the boiling point of the hydrous H3PO4solution. Moreover, the etching rate of 85 wt % phosphoric acid is analyzed using the Arrhenius equation, yielding an apparent activation energyEa=57.28 KJ/mol. Finally, a mechanism of Silicon nitride etching in phosphoric acid is proposed which explains the prior studies well. This work contributes to precisely control semiconductor processing for three‐dimensional ICs.
Transport‐Limited Growth of Flow‐Driven Rare‐Earth Silicate Tubes
Authors: Farkas Panna E. , Lantos Emese , Horváth Dezső , Tóth Agota 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe injection of rare‐earth metal salt solutions into sodium silicate solution results in vertically growing tubular precipitate structures. At low input concentrations reaction kinetics is the rate‐detemining process, leading to linear growth rates independent of injection rates. At higher concentrations, flow drives the precipitate growth, characterized by jetting mechanism. Among the studied rare‐earth metal silicates, dysprosium silicate is found to have the most rigid structure with visible growth even at higher injection rates. The outer surface of the hollow tubes is smooth, on which rare‐earth hydroxide – based on the result of the energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy measurements – aggregates into globules.
Recent advances in the treatment of refractory gastrointestinal angiodysplasia
Authors: Becq Aymeric , Sidhu Reena , Goltstein Lia C. M. J. , Dray Xavier 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGastrointestinal angiodysplasia (GIA) is a common, acquired, vascular abnormality of the digestive tract, and a frequent cause of bleeding. Refractory GIA criteria usually include recurrent bleeding, transfusions and/or repeat endoscopy. Pharmacological and interventional treatments have been the subject of recent high‐quality publications. This review provides an overview of the latest updates on non‐endoscopic management of refractory GIA. Aortic valve replacement has shown its efficacy in Heyde syndrome and should be considered if indicated. Anti‐angiogenic drugs, such as Octreotide and Thalidomide, are efficient treatments of refractory GIA‐related bleeding. Somatostatin analogs should, based on efficacy and tolerance profile, be considered first. In the future, a better understanding of the physiopathology of GIA might help develop new‐targeted therapies.
A Portable Fluid Administration System for Prolonged Intravenous Fluid Administration in Subadult and Adult White Rhinoceroses (Ceratotherium simum)
Authors: Leiberich Marion , Hooijberg Emma , van Heerden Bill , Meyer Leith 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTWhile translocations of white rhinoceroses have become an important conservation tool, dehydration during long‐distance transports has been identified as a welfare concern. Intravenous (iv) fluid administration might therefore be useful to mitigate dehydration; however, special requirements need to be met to make iv fluid administration suitable for large, wild rhinoceroses during transport. Requirements include a portable and robust system that is capable of delivering high flow rates, is easy to set up, and remains patent and operating for long periods of time while allowing the animals to freely stand or lay down in the transport crates. Due to the lack of suitable fluid administration systems, we developed a custom‐made system consisting of 8 L drip bags, a three‐part, 4.4‐m–long, large bore and partially coiled administration set, and a robust, battery‐operated infusion pump, which allowed us to successfully administer iv fluids at a maintenance rate of 1–2 mL/kg/h to eight rhinoceroses for 24 h during a mock transport. While iv fluid administration in transported rhinoceroses is time intensive and the large amount of drip bags required during lengthy transports might pose a limitation, the developed system may be useful for the long‐distance transport of small groups of rhinoceroses. Furthermore, this system would be of value for injured or sick rhinoceroses, which require parenteral fluid therapy when commercially available infusion pumps cannot provide the large fluid volumes needed.
Signaling games with a highly effective signal
Authors: Ropero García Miguel Ángel 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We study a class of signaling games in which one of the signals induces the receiver to take an action that provides the sender with the highest utility. This class of games has multiple pooling equilibria, but the equilibrium in which all senders′ types choose the signal that induces the receiver to take that action is more plausible than others. Although all the equilibria in pure strategies are divine in our class of games when the single-crossing condition is not satisfied, only the plausible equilibrium is a neologism-proof equilibrium. Therefore, we have identified a general class of signaling games in which the neologism-proof equilibrium is useful to select the most plausible equilibrium, whereas all the pooling equilibria survive divinity and other less restrictive refinements. We apply our model to an educational signaling game with two features. First, the highest level of education allows a worker to access a more productive segment of the labor market. Second, the educational system is non-selective and consequently, the cost of education does not change with the worker′s ability. As expected, there is overeducation in equilibrium because all worker′s types choose the highest level of education.
Passive Control of Shock-Wave/Turbulent Boundary-Layer Interaction Using Spanwise Heterogeneous Roughness
Authors: Wu Wencan , Laguarda Luis , Modesti Davide , Hickel Stefan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA novel passive flow-control method for shock-wave/turbulent boundary-layer interactions (STBLI) is investigated. The method relies on a structured roughness pattern constituted by streamwise-aligned ridges. Its effectiveness is assessed with wall-resolved large-eddy simulations of the interaction of a Mach 2 turbulent boundary layer flow with an oblique impinging shock with shock angle $$40^\circ$$

40
∘

. The structured roughness pattern, which is fully resolved by a cut-cell based immersed boundary method, covers the entire computational domain. Results show that this rough surface induces large-scale secondary streamwise vortices, which energize the boundary layer by transporting high-speed fluid closer to the wall. A parametric study is performed to investigate the effect of the spacing between the ridges. This investigation is further substantiated through spectral analysis and sparsity-promoting dynamic mode decomposition. We find that ridges with small spacing effectively mitigate the low-frequency unsteadiness of STBLI and slightly reduce total-pressure loss.
Cladocerans and diatoms from an Early Pleistocene interglacial deposit at Pingorsuit, North-West Greenland
Authors: Atti Sanna , Bennike Ole , Weckström Kaarina 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAt the margin of the Pingorsuit Glacier in North-West Greenland, an organic-rich deposit that has recently emerged from the retreating ice cap was discovered in 2019 at an elevation of 480 m above sea level. Here we report on cladoceran and diatom analyses of this freshwater deposit from three samples of detritus gyttja, which occurred beneath a thin cover of till and glaciofluvial deposits. The cladoceran fauna comprises many non-Greenlandic, non-Arctic taxa, in accordance with previous studies of Coleoptera, Trichoptera and vascular plants. The fossil assemblages from the Pingorsuit beds resemble other fossil assemblages from Greenland that have been assigned an Early Pleistocene age, and a similar age has been suggested for the sediments found at the margin of the Pingorsuit Glacier. The fossil cladoceran and diatom species indicate a shallow lake with oligo- and dystrophic, circumneutral to slightly acidic waters. Their assemblages are more diverse compared to Holocene assemblages from northern Greenland, further indicating warmer summers than present.
Positive Reinforced Generalized Time-Dependent Pólya Urns via Stochastic Approximation
Authors: Ruszel Wioletta M. , Thacker Debleena 
Published: September 2024

AbstractConsider a generalized time-dependent Pólya urn process defined as follows. Let $$d\in \mathbb {N}$$

d
∈
N

be the number of urns/colors. At each time n, we distribute $$\sigma _n$$

σ
n

balls randomly to the d urns, proportionally to f, where f is a valid reinforcement function. We consider a general class of positive reinforcement functions $$\mathcal {R}$$
R
assuming some monotonicity and growth condition. The class $$\mathcal {R}$$
R
includes convex functions and the classical case $$f(x)=x^{\alpha }$$

f

(
x
)

=

x
α

, $$\alpha >1$$

α
>
1

. The novelty of the paper lies in extending stochastic approximation techniques to the d-dimensional case and proving that eventually the process will fixate at some random urn and the other urns will not receive any balls anymore.
Dispersive optical solitons and domain walls with Radhakrishnan–Kundu–Lakshmanan equation having dual-power law of self-phase modulation by Laplace-Adomian decomposition
Authors: González-Gaxiola O. , Biswas Anjan , Yildirim Yakup , Alshomrani Ali Saleh 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe paper utilizes the Laplace-Adomian decomposition scheme to numerically study the bright dispersive solitons and the corresponding domain walls that emerge from the model. In either case, the error measure is of the order of $$10^{-8}$$

10

-
8

. The numerical simulations include the surface profiles, contour plots and the density plots.
Racial Differences in Nicotine Reduction: Pooled Results from Two Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Lin Wenxue , Krebs Nicolle M. , Zhu Junjia , Horn Kimberly , Foulds Jonathan , Evins A. Eden , Muscat Joshua E. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Tobacco regulatory policies are generally intended to apply to all segments of the population and to be equitable. Results from clinical trials on switching from commercial cigarettes to reduced nicotine cigarettes have included black populations but race-specific findings are not widely reported.

Methods
Data were pooled from two parallel randomized controlled trials of gradually reduced nicotine in cigarettes from 11.6 mg per cigarette down to 0.2 mg nicotine (very low nicotine content; VLNC) vs. usual nicotine content (UNC) cigarettes (11.6 mg) over an 18-week period in smokers with low socioeconomic status (SES) and mental health conditions, respectively. We used linear regression to determine the potential effects of cigarettes and biomarker reductions (blood cotinine and exhaled carbon monoxide) when using VLNC study cigarettes. An intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis included all randomized participants regardless of adherence to the protocol. A secondary compliance analysis compared control subjects (11.6 mg cigarettes) only to those switched to low nicotine cigarettes who were biochemically determined to be compliant to exclusively using VLNC cigarettes.

Results
Both Black and White VLNC smokers had significantly lower plasma cotinine and exhaled carbon monoxide compared to those randomized to UNC cigarettes. The treatment × race interaction term was not significant for the outcome measures in both the ITT and secondary compliance analyses, except for cotinine in the ITT analysis (Whites: − 190 ng/mL vs. Blacks: − 118 ng/mL; p = 0.05).

Conclusions
A reduced nicotine regulation for cigarettes would result in substantial reduction in exposure to nicotine and toxicants in Black and White smokers.
Racial and Ethnic Differences in Diabetes Care Quality in A National Sample of Cancer Survivors Relative to Non-Cancer Controls
Authors: O’Malley Denalee M. , Alavi Sarah , Tsui Jennifer , Abraham Cilgy M. , Ohman-Strickland Pamela 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Among cancer survivors, diabetes is associated with greater morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study is to describe racial/ethnic disparities in diabetes care quality (DCQ) among cancer survivors compared to non-cancer controls.

Methods
We used Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Household Component data (2010–2018). Black, non-Hispanic White (NHW), and Hispanic respondents diagnosed with diabetes and cancer were frequency matched 1:5 to non-cancer controls. Multivariable logistic regression estimated associations for specific indices and overall DCQ by race/ethnicity stratified by cancer site/status in partially adjusted (not controlling for socioeconomic indicators) and fully adjusted models.

Results
The final sample of 4775 included cancer survivors (n = 907 all cancers; n = 401 breast; n = 167 colon; n = 339 prostate) and non-cancer controls (n = 3868) matched by age, race/ethnicity, and year. In partially adjusted models, Black (adjusted odds ratio, AOR) 0.67 [95% CI 0.54–0.83]) and Hispanic (AOR 0.68 [95% CI 0.54–0.87]) non-cancer controls had significant disparities for overall DCQ compared to NHWs. Among cancer survivors, DCQ disparities for Black (AOR 0.62, [95% CI 0.4–0.96]) and Hispanics (AOR 0.60, [95% CI 0.38–0.97]) were identified. Among prostate cancer survivors, DCQ disparities were identified for Blacks (AOR 0.38; [95% CI 0.20–0.72]) and Hispanics (AOR 0.39; [95% CI 0.17–0.89]) compared to NHWs. Racial disparities among Black controls and Black prostate cancer survivors remained significant in fully adjusted models.

Conclusion
Diabetes care disparities are evident among cancer survivors and salient among non-cancer controls. Strategies to promote health equity should target specific care indices among survivors and emphasize equitable DCQ strategies among Black and Hispanic communities.
A Review of the Enablers and Barriers of Medical Student Participation in Research
Authors: Mayne Chance , Bates Hannah , Desai Devang , Martin Priya 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAlthough research is an integral component in medicine, student participation in research remains limited. This is a systematic review conducted using rapid review methods conforming to the WHO and Cochrane guidelines to synthesise evidence on the enablers and barriers of medical student participation in research. PubMed, EMBASE, and PsycINFO were searched, yielding 27 final studies. Most studies were single-centre studies, and all were cross-sectional. All were quantitative except for one mixed-methods study. Identified barriers and enablers were mapped onto the micro, meso, and macro frameworks. There are more perceived barriers than enablers of medical students’ participation in research. The micro, meso, and macro frameworks provide a useful system to unpack and tackle the barriers.
Effects of anesthetics on mitochondrial quality control: mechanisms and clinical implications
Authors: Tan Xuxin , Liu Ruixue , Dan Ling , Huang He , Duan Chenyang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFocus on the implications of common perioperative drugs for mitochondrial quality control and their subsequent impact on the overall physiological condition has been increasing. This review discusses the effects of perioperative drugs, such as intravenous and inhaled anesthetics, analgesics, local anesthetics on mitochondrial quality and their underlying mechanisms. These drugs influence mitochondrial properties, including morphology, dynamics, energy metabolism, and protein expression, thereby affecting the clinical outcomes of patients undergoing surgery. Such effects can be either protective or detrimental and are contingent upon multiple variables such as the specific drug used, dosage, application timing, and the patient's overall health status. Recognizing the effects of these perioperative drugs on mitochondrial quality control is crucial to selecting safer anesthetic protocols, reducing postoperative complications, enhancing postoperative recovery, and gaining insights into the development of innovative treatment methodologies and optimization of perioperative care.