bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multifunctional non-woven fabrics of interfused graphene fibres
Authors: Li Zheng , Xu Zhen , Liu Yingjun , Wang Ran , Gao Chao 
Published: November 2016

AbstractCarbon-based fibres hold promise for preparing multifunctional fabrics with electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, permeability, flexibility and lightweight. However, these fabrics are of limited performance mainly because of the weak interaction between fibres. Here we report non-woven graphene fibre fabrics composed of randomly oriented and interfused graphene fibres with strong interfibre bonding. The all-graphene fabrics obtained through a wet-fusing assembly approach are porous and lightweight, showing high in-plane electrical conductivity up to ∼2.8 × 104S m−1 and prominent thermal conductivity of ∼301.5 W m−1K−1. Given the low density (0.22 g cm−3), their specific electrical and thermal conductivities set new records for carbon-based papers/fabrics and even surpass those of individual graphene fibres. The as-prepared fabrics are further used as ultrafast responding electrothermal heaters and durable oil-adsorbing felts, demonstrating their great potential as high-performance and multifunctional fabrics in real-world applications.
Pacific Ocean decadal forcing of long-term changes in the western Pacific subtropical high
Authors: Matsumura Shinji , Horinouchi Takeshi 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) has a significant effect on droughts, heat waves, and tropical cyclone tracks over East Asia and the northwest Pacific. The WPSH has intensified during the past three decades, but its causes are not yet well understood. Here we show that the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) is responsible for the long-term changes in the WPSH through the meridional shift of the subtropical jet, based on comprehensive data analysis and model results. El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the leading forcing of WPSH variability over interannual timescales, whereas the PDO accounts for its low-frequency variability, resulting in it being independent of ENSO with regard to WPSH variability. The PDO in summer can be interpreted as a coupling with the WPSH. Our results provide useful information for projecting long-term changes in the WPSH.
MediBoost: a Patient Stratification Tool for Interpretable Decision Making in the Era of Precision Medicine
Authors: Valdes Gilmer , Luna José Marcio , Eaton Eric , Simone Charles B. , Ungar Lyle H. , Solberg Timothy D. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractMachine learning algorithms that are both interpretable and accurate are essential in applications such as medicine where errors can have a dire consequence. Unfortunately, there is currently a tradeoff between accuracy and interpretability among state-of-the-art methods. Decision trees are interpretable and are therefore used extensively throughout medicine for stratifying patients. Current decision tree algorithms, however, are consistently outperformed in accuracy by other, less-interpretable machine learning models, such as ensemble methods. We present MediBoost, a novel framework for constructing decision trees that retain interpretability while having accuracy similar to ensemble methods, and compare MediBoost’s performance to that of conventional decision trees and ensemble methods on 13 medical classification problems. MediBoost significantly outperformed current decision tree algorithms in 11 out of 13 problems, giving accuracy comparable to ensemble methods. The resulting trees are of the same type as decision trees used throughout clinical practice but have the advantage of improved accuracy. Our algorithm thus gives the best of both worlds: it grows a single, highly interpretable tree that has the high accuracy of ensemble methods.
Macrophage-dependent tumor cell transendothelial migration is mediated by Notch1/MenaINV-initiated invadopodium formation
Authors: Pignatelli Jeanine , Bravo-Cordero Jose Javier , Roh-Johnson Minna , Gandhi Saumil J. , Wang Yarong , Chen Xiaoming , Eddy Robert J. , Xue Alice , Singer Robert H. , Hodgson Louis , Oktay Maja H. , Condeelis John S. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe process of intravasation involving transendothelial migration is a key step in metastatic spread. How the triple cell complex composed of a macrophage, Mena over-expressing tumor cell and endothelial cell, called the tumor microenvironment of metastasis (TMEM), facilitates tumor cell transendothelial migration is not completely understood. Previous work has shown that the physical contact between a macrophage and tumor cell results in the formation of invadopodia, actin-rich matrix degrading protrusions, important for tumor cell invasion and transendothelial migration and tumor cell dissemination. Herein, we show that the macrophage-induced invadopodium is formed through a Notch1/MenaINV signaling pathway in the tumor cell upon macrophage contact. This heterotypic tumor cell – macrophage interaction results in the upregulation of MenaINV through the activation of MENA transcription. Notch1 and MenaINV expression are required for tumor cell transendothelial migration, a necessary step during intravasation. Inhibition of the Notch signaling pathway blocked macrophage-induced invadopodium formation in vitro and the dissemination of tumor cells from the primary tumor in vivo. Our findings indicate a novel role for Notch1 signaling in the regulation of MenaINV expression and transendothelial migration and provide mechanistic information essential to the use of therapeutic inhibitors of metastasis.
Survey of the green picoalga Bathycoccus genomes in the global ocean
Authors: Vannier Thomas , Leconte Jade , Seeleuthner Yoann , Mondy Samuel , Pelletier Eric , Aury Jean-Marc , de Vargas Colomban , Sieracki Michael , Iudicone Daniele , Vaulot Daniel , Wincker Patrick , Jaillon Olivier 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBathycoccus is a cosmopolitan green micro-alga belonging to the Mamiellophyceae, a class of picophytoplankton that contains important contributors to oceanic primary production. A single species of Bathycoccus has been described while the existence of two ecotypes has been proposed based on metagenomic data. A genome is available for one strain corresponding to the described phenotype. We report a second genome assembly obtained by a single cell genomics approach corresponding to the second ecotype. The two Bathycoccus genomes are divergent enough to be unambiguously distinguishable in whole DNA metagenomic data although they possess identical sequence of the 18S rRNA gene including in the V9 region. Analysis of 122 global ocean whole DNA metagenome samples from the Tara-Oceans expedition reveals that populations of Bathycoccus that were previously identified by 18S rRNA V9 metabarcodes are only composed of these two genomes. Bathycoccus is relatively abundant and widely distributed in nutrient rich waters. The two genomes rarely co-occur and occupy distinct oceanic niches in particular with respect to depth. Metatranscriptomic data provide evidence for gain or loss of highly expressed genes in some samples, suggesting that the gene repertoire is modulated by environmental conditions.
Obesity- and gender-dependent role of endogenous somatostatin and cortistatin in the regulation of endocrine and metabolic homeostasis in mice
Authors: Luque Raúl M. , Cordoba-Chacon José , Pozo-Salas Ana I. , Porteiro Begoña , de Lecea Luis , Nogueiras Rubén , Gahete Manuel D. , Castaño Justo P. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractSomatostatin (SST) and cortistatin (CORT) regulate numerous endocrine secretions and their absence [knockout (KO)-models] causes important endocrine-metabolic alterations, including pituitary dysregulations. We have demonstrated that the metabolic phenotype of single or combined SST/CORT KO-models is not drastically altered under normal conditions. However, the biological actions of SST/CORT are conditioned by the metabolic-status (e.g. obesity). Therefore, we used male/female SST- and CORT-KO mice fed low-fat (LF) or high-fat (HF) diet to explore the interplay between SST/CORT and obesity in the control of relevant pituitary-axes and whole-body metabolism. Our results showed that the SST/CORT role in the control of GH/prolactin secretions is maintained under LF- and HF-diet conditions as SST-KOs presented higher GH/prolactin-levels, while CORT-KOs displayed higher GH- and lower prolactin-levels than controls under both diets. Moreover, the impact of lack of SST/CORT on the metabolic-function was gender- and diet-dependent. Particularly, SST-KOs were more sensitive to HF-diet, exhibiting altered growth and body-composition (fat/lean percentage) and impaired glucose/insulin-metabolism, especially in males. Conversely, only males CORT-KO under LF-diet conditions exhibited significant alterations, displaying higher glucose-levels and insulin-resistance. Altogether, these data demonstrate a tight interplay between SST/CORT-axis and the metabolic status in the control of endocrine/metabolic functions and unveil a clear dissociation of SST/CORT roles.
Low frequency piezoresonance defined dynamic control of terahertz wave propagation
Authors: Dutta Moumita , Betal Soutik , Peralta Xomalin G. , Bhalla Amar S. , Guo Ruyan 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPhase modulators are one of the key components of many applications in electromagnetic and opto-electric wave propagations. Phase-shifters play an integral role in communications, imaging and in coherent material excitations. In order to realize the terahertz (THz) electromagnetic spectrum as a fully-functional bandwidth, the development of a family of efficient THz phase modulators is needed. Although there have been quite a few attempts to implement THz phase modulators based on quantum-well structures, liquid crystals, or meta-materials, significantly improved sensitivity and dynamic control for phase modulation, as we believe can be enabled by piezoelectric-resonance devices, is yet to be investigated. In this article we provide an experimental demonstration of phase modulation of THz beam by operating a ferroelectric single crystal LiNbO3 film device at the piezo-resonance. The piezo-resonance, excited by an external a.c. electric field, develops a coupling between electromagnetic and lattice-wave and this coupling governs the wave propagation of the incident THz beam by modulating its phase transfer function. We report the understanding developed in this work can facilitate the design and fabrication of a family of resonance-defined highly sensitive and extremely low energy sub-millimeter wave sensors and modulators.
Design and fabrication of six-volt vertically-stacked GaAs photovoltaic power converter
Authors: Zhao Yongming , Sun Yurun , He Yang , Yu Shuzhen , Dong Jianrong 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA six-volt vertically-stacked, high current GaAs photovoltaic power converter (PPC) has been designed and fabricated to produce output power over 1 W under monochromatic illumination. An N++-GaAs/P++-AlGaAs tunnel junctions (TJs) structure has been used for connecting each sub-cell in this vertically-stacked PPC device. The thickness of the each GaAs sub-cell has been derived based on the calculation of absorption depth of photons with a wavelength of 808 nm using absorption coefficient obtained from ellipsometry measurements. The devices were characterized under non-uniform CW laser illumination at 808 nm with incident power up to 4.1 W. A maximum conversion efficiency of 50.2% was achieved at 0.3 W under non-uniform (coupled in optical fiber) monochromatic illumination, dropping to 42.5% at 4.1 W. The operating voltage at the maximum power point is 5.5–6.0 V, depending on the incident laser power, and an output electrical power output of 1.3 W can be extracted at a laser power of 2.9 W and the maximum electrical power output amounts to 1.72 W. The external quantum efficiency (EQE) measurement indicates that the performance of PPC can be further improved by refining the design of the thickness of sub-cells and improving TJs.
Glycycoumarin inhibits hepatocyte lipoapoptosis through activation of autophagy and inhibition of ER stress/GSK-3-mediated mitochondrial pathway
Authors: Zhang Enxiang , Yin Shutao , Song Xinhua , Fan Lihong , Hu Hongbo 
Published: November 2016

AbstractHerbal medicine as an alternative approach in the treatment of disease has drawn growing attention. Identification of the active ingredient is needed for effective utilization of the herbal medicine. Licorice is a popular herbal plant that is widely used to treat various diseases including liver diseases. Glycycoumarin (GCM) is a representative of courmarin compounds isolated from licorice. In the present study, the protective effect of GCM on hepatocyte lipoapoptosis has been evaluated using both cell culture model of palmitate-induced lipoapoptosis and animal model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The results demonstrated for the first time that GCM was highly effective in suppressing hepatocyte lipoapoptosis in both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, GCM was able to re-activate the impaired autophagy by lipid metabolic disorders. In line with the activation of autophagy, ER stress-mediated JNK and mitochondrial apoptotic pathway activation was inhibited by GCM both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, inactivation of GSK-3 might also contribute to the protective effect of GCM on hepatocyte lipoapoptosis. Our findings supported GCM as a novel active component of licorice against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
Optogenetic clustering of CNK1 reveals mechanistic insights in RAF and AKT signalling controlling cell fate decisions
Authors: Fischer Adrian , Warscheid Bettina , Weber Wilfried , Radziwill Gerald 
Published: November 2016

AbstractScaffold proteins such as the multidomain protein CNK1 orchestrate the signalling network by integrating and controlling the underlying pathways. Using an optogenetic approach to stimulate CNK1 uncoupled from upstream effectors, we identified selective clusters of CNK1 that either stimulate RAF-MEK-ERK or AKT signalling depending on the light intensity applied. OptoCNK1 implemented in MCF7 cells induces differentiation at low light intensity stimulating ERK activity whereas stimulation of AKT signalling by higher light intensity promotes cell proliferation. CNK1 clustering in response to increasing EGF concentrations revealed that CNK1 binds to RAF correlating with ERK activation at low EGF dose. At higher EGF dose active AKT binds to CNK1 and phosphorylates and inhibits RAF. Knockdown of CNK1 protects CNK1 from this AKT/RAF crosstalk. In C2 skeletal muscle cells CNK1 expression is induced with the onset of differentiation. Hence, AKT-bound CNK1 counteracts ERK stimulation in differentiated but not in proliferating cells. Ectopically expressed CNK1 facilitates C2 cell differentiation and knockdown of CNK1 impaired the transcriptional network underlying C2 cell differentiation. Thus, CNK1 expression, CNK1 clustering and the thereto related differential signalling processes decide on proliferation and differentiation in a cell type- and cell stage-dependent manner by orchestrating AKT and RAF signalling.
Programmed necrosis - a new mechanism of steroidogenic luteal cell death and elimination during luteolysis in cows
Authors: Hojo Takuo , Siemieniuch Marta J. , Lukasik Karolina , Piotrowska-Tomala Katarzyna K. , Jonczyk Agnieszka W. , Okuda Kiyoshi , Skarzynski Dariusz J. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractProgrammed necrosis (necroptosis) is an alternative form of programmed cell death that is regulated by receptor-interacting protein kinase (RIPK) 1 and 3-dependent, but is a caspase (CASP)-independent pathway. In the present study, to determine if necroptosis participates in bovine structural luteolysis, we investigated RIPK1 and RIPK3 expression throughout the estrous cycle, during prostaglandin F2α (PGF)-induced luteolysis in the bovine corpus luteum (CL), and in cultured luteal steroidogenic cells (LSCs) after treatment with selected luteolytic factors. In addition, effects of a RIPK1 inhibitor (necrostatin-1, Nec-1; 50 μM) on cell viability, progesterone secretion, apoptosis related factors and RIPKs expression, were evaluated. Expression of RIPK1 and RIPK3 increased in the CL tissue during both spontaneous and PGF-induced luteolysis (P < 0.05). In cultured LSCs, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF; 2.3 nM) in combination with interferon γ (IFNG; 2.5 nM) up-regulated RIPK1 mRNA and protein expression (P < 0.05). TNF + IFNG also up-regulated RIPK3 mRNA expression (P < 0.05), but not RIPK3 protein. Although Nec-1 prevented TNF + IFNG-induced cell death (P < 0.05), it did not affect CASP3 and CASP8 expression. Nec-1 decreased both RIPK1 and RIPK3 protein expression (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that RIPKs-dependent necroptosis is a potent mechanism responsible for bovine structural luteolysis induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Multiband cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna for WLAN/WiMAX application
Authors: Sharma A. , Ranjan P. , Gangwar R.K. 
Published: November 2016

A multiband cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna (CDRA) is reported in this Letter. Three unique features of proposed radiator are (i) modified feeding mechanism behaves both as magnetic and electric dipole (horizontal and vertical placed) and generates five different radiating modes (HEM11δ, TM01δ, HEM12δ‐like, HEM12δ and HEM11δ+1) in CDRA simultaneously, (ii) different radiating modes provide diversified radiation pattern at different frequency bands and (iii) multiband characteristics makes the proposed radiator appropriate for WLAN (5.2/5.8 GHz) and WiMAX (2.5/3.3/5.5 GHz) applications.
Transition Risk Assessment Score to Stratify Health Care Needs and Interventions in Adolescents with Anorectal Malformations: A Pilot Study
Authors: Connor Martin , Springford Laurie , Giuliani Stefano 
Published: November 2016

Introduction Anorectal malformations (ARMs) are a complex collection of congenital disorders of the anus, rectum, and genitourinary system with possible active morbidities beyond adolescence.
Aims To create the first evidence-based inclusive transition risk assessment score (TRAS) to stratify health care needs and interventions in teenagers with ARM transitioning to adult health care.
Method MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched electronically for original articles containing published scoring systems evaluating children with ARM from January 1, 1990 to December 31, 2013. Current published scoring systems identified were weighted to create a novel score (TRAS) to objectively assess the most common active problems present in teenagers with ARM: fecal, urinary, and sexual functions; quality of life; and psychosocial well-being. The TRAS was applied to patients visiting our tertiary anorectal clinic in the period from January 2014 to March 2016. Patients were rescored on each visit to the clinic.
Results Total 21 separate scoring systems were identified in the literature, with 3 scoring systems incorporated into the TRAS. The score divided patients into “low” (0–4), “medium” (5–10), and “high” (11–35) risk categories. The TRAS was used to assess 14 adolescents with ARMs during the study period; 14 patients had a single TRAS, 7 had two TRAS, and 3 had three TRAS assessments. At first visit 14 patients with a median age of 13 were assessed with TRAS ranging from 2 to 13 (M = 5, SD 3.33, 95% CI 3.08–7.68). At second visit seven patients with a median age of 15 were assessed with TRAS ranging from 2 to 12 (M = 6.43, SD 3.51, 95% CI 3.19–9.67). At third visit three patients with a median age of 16 were assessed with TRAS ranging from 6 to 12 (M = 8.33, SD 3.21, 95% CI 0.35–16.32). There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) between a patient's TRAS at different visits.
Conclusion Preliminary data suggest that the TRAS is a holistic and effective clinical tool to help to objectively stratify ARM patients, identify active problems, and select those who may require intensive multidisciplinary input and interventions during the transition to adult health care services.
Data-driven parameterization of the generalized Langevin equation
Authors: Lei Huan , Baker Nathan A. , Li Xiantao 
Published: November 2016

Significance
The generalized Langevin equation (GLE) provides a precise description of coarse-grained variable dynamics in reduced dimension models. However, computation of the memory kernel poses a major challenge to the practical use of the GLE. This paper presents a data-driven approach to compute the memory kernel, relying on a hierarchy of parameterized rational approximations in terms of the Laplace transform, which can be expanded to arbitrarily high order as necessary. This parameterization makes it convenient to represent the GLE via an extended stochastic model where the memory term is eliminated by properly introducing auxiliary variables. The present method is well-suited for constructing reduced models for nonequilibrium properties of complex systems such as biomolecules, chemical reaction networks, and climate simulations.
Permissive roles of cytokines interleukin-7 and Flt3 ligand in mouse B-cell lineage commitment
Authors: von Muenchow Lilly , Alberti-Servera Llucia , Klein Fabian , Capoferri Giuseppina , Finke Daniela , Ceredig Rhodri , Rolink Antonius , Tsapogas Panagiotis 
Published: November 2016

Significance
The generation of different blood lineages is regulated by hematopoietic cytokines, either in an instructive or in a permissive manner. The cytokines Interleukin-7 and fms-like tyrosine kinase-3 (Flt3) ligand are required for B-cell development but their precise mode of action remains controversial. Our study has addressed the role of these cytokines in B-cell commitment by analyzing the progenitor stage where B-cell commitment occurs in mice overexpressing one of the two cytokines in the absence of the other. Our results demonstrate a permissive role for both cytokines in B-cell commitment. Interleukin-7 promotes survival of progenitors instead of up-regulation of B-cell commitment factors early B-cell factor 1 (Ebf1) and paired box 5 (Pax5), as previously hypothesized, whereas Flt3 ligand facilitates progenitor expansion by inducing their proliferation.