bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transjugular antegrade transvenous obliteration, with and without portal decompression, for management of rectal variceal hemorrhage
Authors: Li Gabriel E. , Chick Jeffrey Forris Beecham , Monroe Eric J. , Abad-Santos Matthew , Hua Ethan W. , Shin David S. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To report antegrade transvenous obliteration, with or without concurrent portosystemic shunt creation, for the treatment of hemorrhagic rectal varices.

Materials and methods
Eight patients, including five (62.5%) females and three (37.5%) males, with mean age of 55.8 ± 13.8 years (range: 30–70 years), underwent transjugular-approach antegrade transvenous obliteration of rectal varices, with or without portosystemic shunt creation. Demographic data, procedural details, technical success of variceal obliteration, clinical success, adverse events, and follow-up outcomes were retrospectively recorded. Clinical success was defined as resolution of rectal hemorrhage.

Results
Portal venous access was achieved via a transjugular intrahepatic approach in all patients. The inferior mesenteric vein was selected, and foamy sclerosant (1:2:3 mixture by volume of ethiodized oil: sodium tetradecyl sulfate: air) was injected into the rectal varices with antegrade balloon occlusion in seven (87.5%) and without balloon occlusion in one (12.5%). Five of eight (62.5%) patients underwent concomitant transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) creation (mean diameter 8.4 ± 0.9-mm) immediately following transvenous obliteration. Technical success of variceal obliteration was achieved in all patients. There were no immediate post-procedural adverse events. There were no reported occurrences of rectal ischemia, perforation, or stricture following obliteration. Two (40%) of the patients who underwent concomitant TIPS creation developed hepatic encephalopathy within 30 days of the procedure, which was medically managed. Clinical resolution of hemorrhage was achieved in all patients with no recurrent rectal variceal hemorrhage during mean follow-up of 666 ± 396 days (range: 14 − 1,224 days).

Conclusion
Transvenous obliteration, with or without concurrent TIPS creation, is feasible with promising results for the management of rectal variceal hemorrhage.
Understanding the role of bats as fungal vectors in the environment
Authors: Liu Xiang-Fu , Karunarathna Samantha Chandranath , Tibpromma Saowaluck , Chethana K. W. Thilini , Hyde Kevin D. , Elgorban Abdallah M. , Suwannarach Nakarin , Kumla Jaturong , Mortimer Peter E. , Hughes Alice C. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBats (Chiroptera), the second largest group of mammals, are known for their unique immune system and their ability to act as vectors for various zoonoses. Bats also act as important carriers of fungi, which include plant, animal, and human pathogens. Their roosting areas, foraging behaviors, and even migration routes make bats ideal vectors for fungi. We isolated 75 culturable fungal species from bats in Yunnan Province, China, with 36 species representing known pathogens of plants, animals, and humans, while 39 species are non-pathogenic fungi. Among these species, 77% (58 species) belonged to Ascomycota, 9% (seven species) belonged to Basidiomycota, and 13% (10 species) belonged to Mucoromycota. Even though several taxonomic studies on fungi associated with bats have been published, studies exploring the role of bats as fungal vectors are lacking. This study discusses the fungi host-specific traits and pathogenicity and the impact and ecological significance of bats as fungal vectors.
Metabolomics-based biomarkers of probiotic efficacy in toxicological settings
Authors: Emegano Declan Ikechukwu , Battal Dilek , Kocadal Kumsal 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Metabolomics is the study of metabolites in cells, tissues, live organisms, and biological fluids to elucidate their composition and possible roles. Metabolomics and its biomarkers have emerged as a powerful tool for evaluating the efficacy of probiotics in various pathological conditions, including toxicological settings. This review explores the use of metabolomics-based markers to assess the safety and efficacy of probiotics in toxicological settings.

Result
This review aims to determine biomarkers for measuring the effectiveness of probiotic therapies in toxicological contexts based on exposure, effects, susceptibility, prognostic, and therapeutic biomarkers. In this study, 1979 articles were systematically searched in PubMed (PM), Scopus (Sc), Google Scholar (GS), and Web of Science (WOS) between the years 2013 and 2023 inclusive using keywords, inclusion, and exclusion criteria. The result showed that 1439 human samples were used from 2013 to 2023 publications with the UK having the highest number of publications, data, and sample types in 2023. Again, the result showed most of the publications are on susceptibility-based biomarkers.

Conclusion
Metabolomics-based biomarkers may provide insight into metabolism-related alterations related to probiotic therapies while clarifying their biological mechanisms, especially in toxicology enabling specific probiotic therapy.
Early Circulating Tumor DNA Shedding Kinetics for Prediction of Platinum Sensitivity in Patients With Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Murciano-Goroff Yonina R. , Hui Angela B.-Y. , Araujo Filho Jose A. , Hamilton Emily G. , Chabon Jacob J. , Moding Everett J. , Bonilla Rene F. , Lebow Emily S. , Gomez Daniel , Rimner Andreas , Ginsberg Michelle S. , Offin Michael , Kundra Ritika , Allaj Viola , Norton Larry , Reis-Filho Jorge S. , Razavi Pedram , Drilon Alexander , Jones David R. , Isbell James M. , Lai W. Victoria , Rudin Charles M. , Alizadeh Ash A. , Li Bob T. , Diehn Maximilian 
Published: September 2024

PURPOSE Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is characterized by rapid progression after platinum resistance. Circulating tumor (ctDNA) dynamics early in treatment may help determine platinum sensitivity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Serial plasma samples were collected from patients receiving platinum-based chemotherapy for SCLC on the first 3 days of cycle one and on the first days of subsequent cycles with paired samples collected both before and again after infusions. Tumor-informed plasma analysis was carried out using CAncer Personalized Profiling by deep Sequencing (CAPP-Seq). The mean variant allele frequency (VAF) of all pretreatment mutations was tracked in subsequent blood draws and correlated with radiologic response. RESULTS ctDNA kinetics were assessed in 122 samples from 21 patients. Pretreatment VAF did not differ significantly between patients who did and did not respond to chemotherapy (mean 22.5% v 4.6%, P = .17). A slight increase in ctDNA on cycle 1, day 1 immediately post-treatment was seen in six of the seven patients with available draws (fold change from baseline: 1.01-1.44), half of whom achieved a response. All patients who responded had a >2-fold decrease in mean VAF on cycle 2 day 1 (C2D1). Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were significantly longer in patients with a >2-fold decrease in mean VAF after one treatment cycle (6.8 v 2.6 months, log-rank P = .0004 and 21.7 v 6.4 months, log rank P = .04, respectively). CONCLUSION A >2-fold decrease in ctDNA concentration was observed by C2D1 in all patients who were sensitive to platinum-based therapy and was associated with longer PFS and OS.
Liposomal Formulations of Anti-Alzheimer Drugs and siRNA for Nose-to-Brain Delivery: Design, Safety and Efficacy In Vitro
Authors: Lee David , Shen Andrew M , Garbuzenko Olga B , Minko Tamara 
Published: September 2024

Abstractβ-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme (BACE1) represents a key target for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) therapy because it is essential for producing the toxic amyloid β (Aβ) peptide that plays a crucial role in the disease’s development. BACE1 inhibitors are a promising approach to reducing Aβ levels in the brain and preventing AD progression. However, systemic delivery of such inhibitors to the brain demonstrates limited efficacy because of the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Nose-to-brain (NtB) delivery has the potential to overcome this obstacle. Liposomal drug delivery systems offer several advantages over traditional methods for delivering drugs and nucleic acids from the nose to the brain. The current study aims to prepare, characterize, and evaluate in vitro liposomal forms of donepezil, memantine, BACE-1 siRNA, and their combination for possible treatment of AD via NtB delivery. All the liposomal formulations were prepared using the rotary evaporation method. Their cellular internalization, cytotoxicity, and the suppression of beta-amyloid plaque and other pro-inflammatory cytokine expressions were studied. The Calu-3 Transwell model was used as an in vitro system for mimicking the anatomical and physiological conditions of the nasal epithelium and studying the suitability of the proposed formulations for possible NtB delivery. The investigation results show that liposomes provided the effective intracellular delivery of therapeutics, the potential to overcome tight junctions in BBB, reduced beta-amyloid plaque accumulation and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, supporting the therapeutic potential of our approach.
Graphical Abstract
Evaluation of the Noninvasive Estimated Continuous Cardiac Output System for Pediatric Patients: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Taniguchi Tomoya , Fujii Tasuku , Takakura Masashi , Nishiwaki Kimitoshi 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:
The estimated continuous cardiac output (esCCO) system is a hemodynamic monitor that uses electrocardiograms and pulse oximeter waves to noninvasively estimate cardiac output. The coefficients for esCCO measurement have been established for adult patients, but the appropriate coefficients for pediatric patients are unclear. Therefore, this study determined esCCO coefficients for pediatric patients and validated the accuracy and tracking ability of a modified esCCO system.

METHODS:
An initial study compared cardiac output measurements using transthoracic echocardiography and esCCO in 60 pediatric patients aged <15 years who underwent elective noncardiac surgery. Consequently, the coefficients for the esCCO measurements were redefined for pediatric patients. The main study compared cardiac output measurements between transthoracic echocardiography and modified esCCO in 80 pediatric patients. Measurements were performed pre- and postoperatively, and the accuracy and trending ability of the cardiac output measurements were evaluated using Bland-Altman analysis and a polar plot.

RESULTS:
The correlation coefficients between the modified esCCO and transthoracic echocardiography were 0.96 and 0.98 in the pre- and postoperative measurements, respectively. In Bland-Altman analysis, the bias (standard deviation [SD]), 95% limits of agreement, and percentage error were 0.03 (0.28), −0.53 to 0.60, and 18% in the preoperative measurement, and −0.04 (0.19), –0.42 to 0.35, and 15% in the postoperative measurement, respectively. The polar plot showed that the cardiac output changes were well tracked, with an angular bias (SD) of 2.9° (6.0°) and radial 95% limits of agreement ranging from −9.2° to 14.9°.

CONCLUSIONS:
Cardiac output measurement by esCCO with modified coefficients for pediatric patients showed high accuracy and tracking ability compared with cardiac output measurement by transthoracic echocardiography. This noninvasive cardiac output measurement could benefit perioperative hemodynamic monitoring in children.
“You Go First, You Kaza!”: Using Casting and Intertextuality to Rewrite Myth in the Miniseries Eagles
Authors: Inbar Anat Sella 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This article demonstrates how layers of meanings accumulated in an actor's persona can influence the readings of other, newer performances by the same actor, thus creating new and sometimes subversive meanings in those performances and enabling a radical rereading of past texts, and even related historical events and myth, in light of the new ones. Specifically, the article explores the meanings associated with the public image of Yehoram Gaon, a well-known Israeli actor and singer, and analyzes his performance and role in the award-winning 2010 Israeli television miniseries Eagles (Hebrew, Nevelot; slang, “bastards”). In an interpretive intertextual reading, it reveals how one of Gaon's famous embodiments, the fictional character of Kazablan, is reincarnated in the text. Kazablan has become a symbol of ethnic discrimination in Jewish-Israeli society because of his Mizrahi descent (Mizrahim are Jews originating in Asian and African countries). Moreover, Gaon is also well-known for his cinematic career where he portrayed iconic war heroes, including in one of Israel's most successful feature films, Operation Thunderbolt (1977), which helped shape a national myth. Casting him as a sort of runaway killer in a series that challenges national myth is therefore a charged stand. The article suggests that this hinted presence of characters from previous roles, carried into the miniseries text through casting and embodiment, allows for a new reading of main Israeli canonical texts, and for a new perspective on myth and historical events.
When the Adaptation Reveals the Original: Comparative Analysis of Series and National Ethos
Authors: Hanhart-Marmor Yona 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This article compares the Israeli series BeTipul and its French adaptation En thérapie to show that while the changes that were made in the adaptation were minimal, analyzing them proves to be a powerful tool for understanding the national ethos of both Israeli and French societies. The anchoring of the French protagonists in the longue durée—through cultural references, evocation of the psychoanalytic tradition, and grounding in Jewish history—contrasts with the acute presentism that characterizes the Israeli version. The adaptation thus proves to be a gateway to understanding the culture that produced the original. In this way, this case study contributes to the study of the international circulation of television productions and to the analysis of the tension between international homogenization and local specificities.
The views of current and future paramedics on prescribing: a review
Authors: Harrison Charles Nicholas 
Published: September 2024

Background: Following a change in legislation in 2018, paramedics gained prescribing rights but, as this is a recent change, no reviews have been carried out into their experiences. Aim: The overarching aim of this article is to understand the thoughts and opinions of current and future paramedic prescribers on non-medical independent prescribing. It also aims to identify potential barriers to paramedic independent prescribing (PIP), investigating the gaps within medication options, and the role of PIP in the autonomous scope of paramedic practice. Methods: A literature search of MEDLINE, CINAHL, PubMed and CENTRAL was undertaken in January 2023, with articles also gathered from grey literature, Google Scholar, citation searching and author contacting to identify literature for review. Six articles underwent thematic analysis, and four themes were identified: advanced practice; improved medication management; barriers to implementation; and effect on current practice. Findings: Overall, there are significant positives to paramedic independent prescribing, such as improved patient experiences, more medication options and fewer hospital admissions. However, there were concerns, which centred on the implementation process, underpinning support and increased responsibility.
Aero-optical effects of a hypersonic vehicle based on the refractive index step ray tracing method
Authors: Yang Yufeng , Zhang Zijie 
Published: September 2024

The aero-optical effect caused by the high-speed flight of aircraft can affect the accuracy of astronomical navigation, so studying the laser transmission characteristics in high-speed flow fields is essential. This study adopts a 3D spherical blunt cone model as the physical aircraft model, incorporates the latest reanalysis data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction as atmospheric parameters, and uses Fluent software to establish a hypersonic aircraft external flow field model. The ray tracing error is calculated using a method based on the refractive index step size. Results indicate that, under the conditions of flying altitude of 5 km and incident angle of 45°, the proposed ray tracing method has better accuracy than the traditional method. Compared with the Runge–Kutta method and the method based on geometric step size, the proposed ray tracing method reduces the error by 46.4% and 12.5%, respectively, at the flight Mach number of 5.
Mode-locking of anisotropic Tm,Ho:GdScO3 laser delivering 57-fs pulses at 2078 nm
Authors: Zhang Ning , Ding Heng , Wang Yinyin , Liu Jian , Xu Xiaodong , Zhao Yongguang , Wang Qingguo , Yu Haohai , Zhang Huaijin , Xu Jun 
Published: September 2024

We report on a SESAM mode-locked bulk laser in the 2 µm spectral range employing a novel Tm,Ho-codoped orthorhombic perovskite crystal, which delivers sub-100 fs pulses with polarization along all three different crystallographic axes. With the polarization along E//b, the shortest pulse of 57 fs is achieved at 2078 nm without any additional dispersion elements, corresponding to an average power of 202 mW at 86.6 MHz repetition rate. The present result shows the potential of anisotropic Tm,Ho co-doped GdScO3 crystal for generating ultrashort pulses around 2 µm.
Seven new additions to euglenoid flora of India from petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated water bodies of Naga- Schuppen thrust belt
Authors: Boruah Bishmita , Baruah Partha Pratim 
Published: September 2024

Comprehensive explorations were conducted along the Naga- Schuppen thrust belt of Northeast India, a hydrocarbon province of Southeast Asia, during the years 2021-2023 which revealed altogether 7 new distributional records of freshwater Euglenophycean species for India. Out of the 7 identified taxa, Phacus corculum, Menoidium tremulum, Trachelomonas crispa, Trachelomonas corniformis, Trachelomonas nadsonii and Trachelomonas rugulosa var. obliqua are found to be newly reported algal species not only from India but from the entire Southeast Asia province. All the reported Euglenophyte flora belongs to 2 classes, 2 orders and 3 families. In addition, the systematic accounts of all these species are discussed in detail.
Combatting online hate: Crowd moderation and the public goods problem
Authors: Hansen Tanja Marie , Lindekilde Lasse , Karg Simon Tobias , Bang Petersen Michael , Rasmussen Stig Hebbelstrup Rye 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Hate is widespread online, hits everyone, and carries negative consequences. Crowd moderation—user-assisted moderation through, e. g., reporting or counter-speech—is heralded as a potential remedy. We explore this potential by linking insights on online bystander interventions to the analogy of crowd moderation as a (lost) public good. We argue that the distribution of costs and benefits of engaging in crowd moderation forecasts a collective action problem. If the individual crowd member has limited incentive to react when witnessing hate, crowd moderation is unlikely to manifest. We explore this argument empirically, investigating several preregistered hypotheses about the distribution of individual-level costs and benefits of response options to online hate using a large, nationally representative survey of Danish social media users (N = 24,996). In line with expectations, we find that bystander reactions, especially costly reactions, are rare. Furthermore, we find a positive correlation between exposure to online hate and withdrawal motivations, and a negative (n-shaped) correlation with bystander reactions.
Open community in Peirce’s pragmatism
Authors: Chen Jining , Lu Deping 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPeirce’s concept of “community” is a philosophical notion closely intertwined with society. The production of knowledge within a community entails the characteristics of the “knowledge production chain” revealed by Peirce’s pragmatic maxim. Knowledge can only effectively grow within an open community that the dynamism of maxim has implied. The openness of the community essentially consists of two dimensions: internal structural openness and external orientation openness. Internal structural openness refers to the dynamic operation of the knowledge structure within a community. External orientation openness refers to the borderless nature of the community, that is, it can be open to other communities, accommodate the knowledge elements of others, and form its own developmental vitality. The open community relies on signs, where the mediating function sustains its operation. Signs partition and combine elements of experience, thereby carrying concepts and conveying information.
The relation of Peirce’s abduction to inference to the best explanation
Authors: Jiang Yi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Peirce’s pragmatic maxim is closely related to his conception of abduction. The acquisition of the actual effect required by the method of scientific reasoning expressed by Peirce’s maxim must be accomplished by resorting to abductive logic. Abductive logic starts from a surprising fact, derives a hypothetical explanation about that fact, and finally arrives at the possibility that the hypothesis is true. This is the process of abductive reasoning, as provided by Peirce, which is distinct from induction and deduction and generates explanatory views. Peirce opposed a unified and unchangeable concept of causality. He used different interpretations of causality to illustrate the considerable differences in people’s understanding of cause and effect in different periods. The concept of pragmatism, as developed from the pragmatic maxim to abduction and then to scientific inference to the best explanation, is precisely what Peirce initially proposed, and inference to the best explanation is the starting point and the final result of the pragmatic maxim.
Phytochemical analysis and acute toxicity study of seaweed Halimeda macroloba using Wistar albino rats
Authors: Rangaraj Kavya , Ananthy Vimala , Singam Amrita , Salwe Kartik J. , Manimekalai Kumarappan , Samy Shanmuga , Venkatraman Shravan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objectives

Halimeda macroloba (H. macroloba) a seaweed commonly known as green macroalgae is a potential source of bioactive compounds utilised in nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals. However, there are no reliable scientific studies that describe harmful consequences, which attest to its safety. Thus, the current investigation focuses on a 14-day acute toxicity assessment of H. macroloba hydroalcoholic extract (HME).

Methods
HME was prepared using 70 % alcohol as solvent by the maceration method for 72 h and Soxhlet method. Phytochemical analysis was done using standard procedures, according to OECD 423 guidelines. Female Wistar albino rats fasted overnight and received a single oral dosage of 50, 300, and 2,000 mg/kg BW (body weight). Further rats were starved for 4 h and watched individually for every 30 minutes, then twice a day for 14 days. To determine the toxicity overall behaviour, BW, haematological, biochemical, histopathology, and gross morphology were examined.

Results
Pharmacologically active phytoconstituents were identified by phytochemical analysis. No significant abnormalities/fatalities from single-dose of HME at escalating doses. No BW or behavioural changes. The majority of the haematological and biochemical parameters were normal. Did not show any apparent changes. simultaneously, a few indicated slight variations that may or may not be caused by HME extract no lesions or anomalies in Gross morphology. Histopathological investigations revealed that HME had no adverse effects on organs.

Conclusions
HME administration at doses up to 2,000 mg/kg BW didn’t result in acute toxicity/impairment to the pancreas, liver or kidney. Nevertheless, the study’s limited test dose of 2,000 mg/kg, BW, didn’t result in any fatalities/ adverse effects.