bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cerebral microcirculatory alterations and the no-reflow phenomenon in vivo after experimental pediatric cardiac arrest
Authors: Li Lingjue , Poloyac Samuel M , Watkins Simon C , St. Croix Claudette M , Alexander Henry , Gibson Gregory A , Loughran Patricia A , Kirisci Levent , Clark Robert SB , Kochanek Patrick M , Vazquez Alberto L , Manole Mioara D 
Published: December 2017

Decreased cerebral blood flow (CBF) after cardiac arrest (CA) contributes to secondary ischemic injury in infants and children. We previously reported cortical hypoperfusion with tissue hypoxia early in a pediatric rat model of asphyxial CA. In order to identify specific alterations as potential therapeutic targets to improve cortical hypoperfusion post-CA, we characterize the CBF alterations at the cortical microvascular level in vivo using multiphoton microscopy. We hypothesize that microvascular constriction and disturbances of capillary red blood cell (RBC) flow contribute to cortical hypoperfusion post-CA. After resuscitation from 9 min asphyxial CA, transient dilation of capillaries and venules at 5 min was followed by pial arteriolar constriction at 30 and 60 min (19.6 ± 1.3, 19.3 ± 1.2 µm at 30, 60 min vs. 22.0 ± 1.2 µm at baseline, p < 0.05). At the capillary level, microcirculatory disturbances were highly heterogeneous, with RBC stasis observed in 25.4% of capillaries at 30 min post-CA. Overall, the capillary plasma mean transit time was increased post-CA by 139.7 ± 51.5%, p < 0.05. In conclusion, pial arteriolar constriction, the no-reflow phenomenon and increased plasma transit time were observed post-CA. Our results detail the microvascular disturbances in a pediatric asphyxial CA model and provide a powerful platform for assessing specific vascular-targeted therapies.
Sino-Indian War of 1962
Authors: Chakravorty PK 
Published: December 2017

More than half a century has elapsed since China and India fought a War in October–November 1962. The War saw the Chinese Army coming out with flying colours. India as a nation was shocked and had to strain every sinew to reorganise itself to win the ensuing wars with Pakistan in 1965 and 1971. There are many questions as regards the causes of the War, the events which preceded the conflict and what actually happened that led to the debacle. The article addresses these issues comprehensively and analyses the War in detail. Overall it was a failure to assess the Chinese threat in correct perspective. The Indian government did not expect China to fight a War against India. The obvious question to ask is what is the way ahead? The concluding portion of the article deals with the current situation and measures to be taken to deter China from undertaking a military adventure. There is a need to have a National Security Strategy as also leave no stone unturned to build our Comprehensive National Power. In this, our Armed Forces must be modernised to meet the Chinese forces. The Chinese Navy has of late gained strength and is making forays into the Indian Ocean. We should be prepared for this aspect and build our military diplomacy with the United States, Japan and Vietnam. Last of all to understand China, we must create nodes of excellence in our country.
Predictors of Mortality in Nondemented Patients With Parkinson Disease: Motor Symptoms Versus Nonmotor Symptoms
Authors: Santos-García D. , Suárez-Castro E. , Ernandez J. , Expósito-Ruiz I. , Tuñas-Gesto C. , Aneiros-Díaz M. , de Deus-Fonticoba T. , López-Fernández M. , Núñez-Arias D. 
Published: December 2017

Background and Objective: The aim of this study is to identify risk factors for mortality in a community-based cohort of nondemented patients with Parkinson disease (PD) during prospective long-term follow-up, while also comparing the effect of motor complications to nonmotor symptoms (NMS) on risk of mortality. Methods: One hundred forty seven nondemented patients with PD (57.1% males; 70.9 ± 8.6 years old) were included in this 48 month follow-up, longitudinal, single, evaluation study. Motor and therapy-related complications were assessed using the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale/part-IV (UPDRS-IV). Non-Motor Symptoms Scale (NMSS) total score was used to assess NMS burden. Cox proportional hazard models were applied to identify independent predictors of mortality during follow-up. Results: Twenty-two patients of 146 (15.1%) died (1 case without information). Both UPDRS-IV and NMSS total scores were higher at baseline in patients with PD who died (3.5 ± 3.1 vs 2.4 ± 2.4, P = .049 and 96.9 ± 58.6 vs 61.9 ± 51.0, P = .004, respectively). Unadjusted hazard ratios (HRs) associated with UPDRS-IV and NMSS total scores among those who died during follow-up were 1.171 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.012-1.357; P = .035) and 1.008 (95% CI: 1.002-1.013; P = .006), respectively. Independent predictors of mortality during follow-up after adjusting for other covariates were UPDRS-IV (HR: 1.224; 95% CI: 1.002-1.494; P = .047), age (HR: 1.231; 95% CI: 1104-1.374; P < .0001), and comorbidity (Charlson Index; HR: 1.429; 95% CI: 1.023-1.994; P = .036), but not NMSS total score (HR: 1.005; 95% CI: 0.996-1.014; P = .263). Conclusions: Both motor complications (UPDRS-IV) and NMS (NMSS) were associated with mortality at 4 years, being motor complications an independent predictor of it.
Duvelisib, a novel oral dual inhibitor of PI3K-δ,γ, is clinically active in advanced hematologic malignancies
Authors: Flinn Ian W. , O’Brien Susan , Kahl Brad , Patel Manish , Oki Yasuhiro , Foss Francine F. , Porcu Pierluigi , Jones Jeffrey , Burger Jan A. , Jain Nitin , Kelly Virginia M. , Allen Kerstin , Douglas Mark , Sweeney Jennifer , Kelly Patrick , Horwitz Steven 
Published: December 2017

Key PointsDuvelisib, an oral dual inhibitor of PI3K-δ and γ, is clinically and pharmacodynamically active across a range of hematologic malignancies. 75 mg twice daily was determined to be the MTD, with 25 mg twice daily selected for further evaluation in phase 2 and 3 studies.
Metabolic re-patterning in COPD airway smooth muscle cells
Authors: Michaeloudes Charalambos , Kuo Chih-Hsi , Haji Gulam , Finch Donna K. , Halayko Andrew J. , Kirkham Paul , Chung Kian Fan , Adcock Ian M. 
Published: December 2017

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) airways are characterised by thickening of airway smooth muscle, partly due to airway smooth muscle cell (ASMC) hyperplasia. Metabolic reprogramming involving increased glycolysis and glutamine catabolism supports the biosynthetic and redox balance required for cellular growth. We examined whether COPD ASMCs show a distinct metabolic phenotype that may contribute to increased growth.We performed an exploratory intracellular metabolic profile analysis of ASMCs from healthy nonsmokers, healthy smokers and COPD patients, under unstimulated or growth conditions of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and fetal bovine serum (FBS).COPD ASMCs showed impaired energy balance and accumulation of the glycolytic product lactate, glutamine, fatty acids and amino acids compared to controls in unstimulated and growth conditions. Fatty acid oxidation capacity was reduced under unstimulated conditions. TGF-β/FBS-stimulated COPD ASMCs showed restoration of fatty acid oxidation capacity, upregulation of the pentose phosphate pathway product ribose-5-phosphate and of nucleotide biosynthesis intermediates, and increased levels of the glutamine catabolite glutamate. In addition, TGF-β/FBS-stimulated COPD ASMCs showed a higher reduced-to-oxidised glutathione ratio and lower mitochondrial oxidant levels. Inhibition of glycolysis and glutamine depletion attenuated TGF-β/FBS-stimulated growth of COPD ASMCs.Changes in glycolysis, glutamine and fatty acid metabolism may lead to increased biosynthesis and redox balance, supporting COPD ASMC growth.
Mental Capacity Act (Northern Ireland) 2016
Authors: Lynch Gerard , Taggart Catherine , Campbell Philip 
Published: December 2017

SummaryMental health legislation in Northern Ireland has always been separate from legislation in the rest of the UK; the Mental Health (Northern Ireland) Order (MHO) had been in place since 1986. In common with other jurisdictions, this legislation utilises the presence of mental disorder and risk as criteria for detention and involuntary treatment. The MHO has been replaced by the Mental Capacity Act (Northern Ireland) 2016 (MCA), an example of ‘fusion’ legislation in which impairment of decision-making capacity and best interests are the only criteria to be used when making decisions across health and social care. In this paper, we outline the development of the MCA to date, and discuss its potential to improve mental healthcare by placing the treatment of mental illness within the same legislative framework as physical illnesses.
Distinct roles for plasma membrane PtdIns(4)P and PtdIns(4,5)P2 during receptor-mediated endocytosis in yeast
Authors: Yamamoto Wataru , Wada Suguru , Nagano Makoto , Aoshima Kaito , Siekhaus Daria Elisabeth , Toshima Junko Y. , Toshima Jiro 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT
Clathrin-mediated endocytosis requires the coordinated assembly of various endocytic proteins and lipids at the plasma membrane. Accumulating evidence demonstrates a crucial role for phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate [PtdIns(4,5)P2] in endocytosis but specific roles for phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate [PtdIns(4)P], other than as the biosynthetic precursor of PtdIns(4,5)P2, have not been clarified. In this study we investigated the roles of PtdIns(4)P and PtdIns(4,5)P2 in receptor-mediated endocytosis through the construction of temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants for the phosphatidylinositol 4-kinases (PI4-kinases) Stt4p and Pik1p and the 1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase [PtdIns(4) 5-kinase] Mss4p. Quantitative analyses of endocytosis revealed that both the stt4ts pik1ts and mss4ts mutants have a severe defect in endocytic internalization. Live-cell imaging of endocytic protein dynamics in stt4ts pik1ts and mss4ts mutants revealed that PtdIns(4)P is required for the recruitment of the α-factor receptor Ste2p to clathrin-coated pits, whereas PtdIns(4,5)P2 is required for membrane internalization. We also found that the localization to endocytic sites of the ENTH/ANTH domain-bearing clathrin adaptors, Ent1p, Ent2p, Yap1801p and Yap1802p, is significantly impaired in the stt4ts pik1ts mutant but not in the mss4ts mutant. These results suggest distinct roles in successive steps for PtdIns(4)P and PtdIns(4,5)P2 during receptor-mediated endocytosis.
Leveraging Social Capital of Persons With Intellectual Disabilities Through Facebook Participation: The Perspectives of Family Members and Direct Support Staff
Authors: Shpigelman Carmit-Noa 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis study aimed to understand and describe the views of family members and direct support staff regarding the use of Facebook by persons with intellectual disability (ID) within the context of social capital. In-depth, semistructured interviews conducted with 16 family members and direct support staff of persons with ID who use Facebook revealed that most participants favored Facebook use by persons with ID for bonding and bridging social capital and for normalization. Most participants noted the empowering effect of online activity on persons with ID, yet some reported risks and usage difficulties. Although Facebook use enhances the well-being of persons with ID, findings highlighted the participants' need for formal guidelines regarding social media best-practices for people with ID.
El diseño urbano de la regio IV de Complutum (Alcalá de Henares). Estudios a partir de la prospección geofísica
Authors: Carreras Cèsar , Olmos Pau , Rascón Marqués Sebastián , Sánchez Montes Ana Lucía , De Soto Pau 
Published: December 2017

Se presenta la investigación realizada sobre la traza urbana de la regio IV de la ciudad romana de Complutum. Se realiza una prospección eléctrica acompañada por el estudio de algunos restos excavados recientemente y de la documentación procedente de excavaciones del siglo XIX. Como resultado, ha sido posible generar una nueva propuesta de diseño urbano para la regio IV, basada en una trama ortogonal de insulae de 30x30 m, e identificar diversas estructuras entre las que destaca un edificio singular que con todas las precauciones debidas podría tratarse de un santuario urbano de importantes dimensiones.
Reflexões sobre a importância do estímulo a prática da leitura
Authors: Freire Maria Caroline Dos Santos 
Published: December 2017

Este trabalho foi realizado a partir de reflexões iniciadas na época do estágio supervisionado com o objetivo principal de analisar a importância da leitura na formação de alunos leitores garantindo ao indivíduo uma interação com a informação sistemática contribuindo para a construção de um cidadão crítico dos seus conhecimentos. Nesse sentido, buscou-se ressaltar a importância da leitura como ponto de processo abrangente, cuja linha de evolução permite a identificação de características especiais que definem momentos de crescimento da criança, desde o inicio da escolaridade, á integração ao ambiente familiar a escola. São muitos os cuidados que precisamos ter no trabalho que desenvolvemos com nossos alunos, utilizando as estratégias que valorizem cada oportunidade de crescimento, de fortalecimento das habilidades do futuro leitor. O mesmo foi realizado a partir de bibliografia de caráter qualitativo onde promovemos uma leitura reflexiva com os autores citados neste trabalho procurando estimular aos profissionais da educação um incentivo a praticas pedagógicas voltadas para a descoberta e imaginação da leitura da criança.
Commutability of control materials for external quality assessment of serum apolipoprotein A-I measurement
Authors: Zeng Jie , Qi Tianqi , Wang Shu , Zhang Tianjiao , Zhou Weiyan , Zhao Haijian , Ma Rong , Zhang Jiangtao , Yan Ying , Dong Jun , Zhang Chuanbao , Chen Wenxiang 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Background:
The aim of the current study was to evaluate the commutability of commercial control materials and human serum pools and to investigate the suitability of the materials for the external quality assessment (EQA) of serum apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I) measurement.

Methods:
The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) EP14-A3 protocol was used for the commutability study. Apo A-I concentrations in two levels of commercial control materials used in EQA program, two fresh-frozen human serum pools (FSPs) and two frozen human serum pools prepared from residual clinical specimens (RSPs) were measured along with 50 individual samples using nine commercial assays. Measurement results of the 50 individual samples obtained with different assays were pairwise analyzed by Deming regression, and 95% prediction intervals (PIs) were calculated. The commutability of the processed materials was evaluated by comparing the measurement results of the materials with the limits of the PIs.

Results:
The FSP-1 was commutable for all the 36 assay pairs, and FSP-2 was commutable for 30 pairs; RSP-1 and RSP-2 showed commutability for 27/36 and 22/36 assay pairs, respectively, whereas the two EQA materials were commutable only for 4/36 and 5/36 assay pairs, respectively.

Conclusions:
Non-commutability of the tested EQA materials has been observed among current apo A-I assays. EQA programs need either to take into account the commutability-related biases in the interpretation of the EQA results or to use more commutable materials. Frozen human serum pools were commutable for most of the assays.
Investigation of Performance Affecting Parameters on Hybrid Passive Optical Networks
Authors: Kumar Anil , Randhawa Rajneesh 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn the evolvement of current passive optical networks (PONs), there is ever increasing bandwidth demand due to dynamic service requirements. This introduces challenge for the choice of multiplexing technique and physical layer bounds like fiber length, data rate, and number of users are critical over a suitable architecture. In this article, hybrid wave division multiplexing-time division multiplexing PON is analyzed using variable length of fiber with data rates up to 40 Gbps over a maximum of 128 end users. Comparative study using different frequency spacing’s has shown that it has negligible effect on the Q-factor performance parameter. Further in the work, variable data rates required for different services is successfully transmitted up to 30 km to 128 number of users for an acceptable level of bit error rate.
Application of Nonlinear Ultrasonic Technique to Characterize the Damage Evolution in Structural Steel after Tensile Deformation
Authors: Wang Xiao , Wang Xue , Hu Lei , Du Cheng-chao , Li Yong 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A nonlinear ultrasonic technique has been used to characterize damage evolution in structural steel subjected to tensile loading. The results show that the nonlinear parameter β′ increases monotonously with increasing tensile strain within its tensile strength. Compared with the original specimen, the nonlinear parameter rose by nearly 3.37 times when stretched to its tensile strength. This result indicates that the nonlinear ultrasonic technique is able to characterize the material damage at the early stages, which can become an effective means for improving the integrity and safety of the structural component.
Restoring Serotonergic Homeostasis in the Lateral Hypothalamus Rescues Sleep Disturbances Induced by Early-Life Obesity
Authors: Gazea Mary , Patchev Alexandre V. , Anderzhanova Elmira , Leidmaa Este , Pissioti Anna , Flachskamm Cornelia , Almeida Osborne F.X. , Kimura Mayumi 
Published: December 2017

Early-life obesity predisposes to obesity in adulthood, a condition with broad medical implications including sleep disorders, which can exacerbate metabolic disturbances and disrupt cognitive and affective behaviors. In this study, we examined the long-term impact of transient peripubertal diet-induced obesity (ppDIO, induced between 4 and 10 weeks of age) on sleep–wake behavior in male mice. EEG and EMG recordings revealed that ppDIO increases sleep during the active phase but reduces resting-phase sleep quality. This impaired sleep phenotype persisted for up to 1 year, although animals were returned to a non-obesiogenic diet from postnatal week 11 onwards. To better understand the mechanisms responsible for the ppDIO-induced alterations in sleep, we focused on the lateral hypothalamus (LH). Mice exposed to ppDIO did not show altered mRNA expression levels of orexin and melanin-concentrating hormone, two peptides that are important for sleep–wake behavior and food intake. Conversely, the LH of ppDIO-exposed mice had reduced contents of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), a neurotransmitter involved in both sleep–wake and satiety regulation. Interestingly, an acute peripheral injection of the satiety-signaling peptide YY 3–36 increased 5-HT turnover in the LH and ameliorated the ppDIO-induced sleep disturbances, suggesting the therapeutic potential of this peptide. These findings provide new insights into how sleep–wake behavior is programmed during early life and how peripheral and central signals are integrated to coordinate sleep.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAdult physiology and behavior are strongly influenced by dynamic reorganization of the brain during puberty. The present work shows that obesity during puberty leads to persistently dysregulated patterns of sleep and wakefulness by blunting serotonergic signaling in the lateral hypothalamus. It also shows that pharmacological mimicry of satiety with peptide YY3–36can reverse this neurochemical imbalance and acutely restore sleep composition. These findings add insight into how innate behaviors such as feeding and sleep are integrated and suggest a novel mechanism through which diet-induced obesity during puberty imposes its long-lasting effects on sleep–wake behavior.
Using Simulation to Develop Care Models for Rapid Response and Code Teams at a Satellite Facility
Authors: Rule Amy R.L. , Snider Julie , Marshall Cheryl , Kramer Kathleen , Geis Gary L. , Tegtmeyer Ken , Gosdin Craig H. 
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUND:
Our institution recently completed an expansion of an acute care inpatient unit within a satellite hospital that does not include an on-site ICU or PICU. Because of expected increases in volume and acuity, new care models for Rapid Response Teams (RRTs) and Code Blue Teams were necessary.

OBJECTIVES:
Using simulation-based training, our objectives were to define the optimal roles and responsibilities for team members (including ICU physicians via telemedicine), refine the staffing of RRTs and code Teams, and identify latent safety threats (LSTs) before opening the expanded inpatient unit.

METHODS:
The laboratory-based intervention consisted of 8 scenarios anticipated to occur at the new campus, with each simulation followed by an iterative debriefing process and a 30-minute safety talk delivered within 4-hour interprofessional sessions. In situ sessions were delivered after construction and before patients were admitted.

RESULTS:
A total of 175 clinicians completed a 4-hour course in 17 sessions. Over 60 clinicians participated during 2 in situ sessions before the opening of the unit. Eleven team-level knowledge deficits, 19 LSTs, and 25 system-level issues were identified, which directly informed changes and refinements in care models at the bedside and via telemedicine consultation.

CONCLUSIONS:
Simulation-based training can assist in developing staffing models, refining the RRT and code processes, and identify LSTs in a new pediatric acute care unit. This training model could be used as a template for other facilities looking to expand pediatric acute care at outlying smaller, more resource-limited facilities to evaluate new teams and environments before patient exposure.
Effects of Climate Change on Canadian Forest Fires
Authors: Chong Curtis , Huang Emily , Chen Leon 
Published: December 2017

This study aimed to determine the effects of climate change on forest fire trends in Canada by measuring correlations between weather conditions, and the frequencies and sizes of forest fires. Upon identifying the correlations, a model was created to understand future forest fire trends in order to prevent the increasing occurrences of forest fires, and to devise solutions to reduce their damages. The data obtained from the Canadian National Fire Database was modeled with a linear regression to predict and correlate weather conditions with future forest fire trends. It was concluded that temperature and wind speed correlated positively with forest fire frequency and size, while precipitation presented a negative correlation. To reduce the harmful effects of forest fires, cloud seeding can be used to create more precipitation, and wind farms can be built to lower wind speeds and attract lightning. However, more research and stricter policies directly targeting climate change is a necessity when it comes to decreasing forest fire trends and improving longterm security.
The role of relative age effect on fundamental movement skills in boys and girls
Authors: Imamoglu Mehmet , Ziyagil Mehmet Akif 
Published: December 2017

This study aims to investigate the effect of relative age effect on the development of fundamental movement skills in boys and girls. Data were collected from primary school first grade 22 boys and 33 girls students aged 5-6 years. Three age groups have been formed as 68-76, 77-80 and 81-89 months for boys, 71-75, 76-80 and 81-84 months for girls, respectively. Fundamental movement skill levels have been determined by the Test of Gross Motor Development. This study showed that the body height of boys and the body mass index of girls were significantly differentiated according to age groups. Only leap in male and side gallop skill in females were also significantly differentiated according to age groups. The limited effect of the relative age effect in this study may be due to the inactive lifestyle of children, the lack of pre-school movement education, and interactions between inadequate socio-economic and environmental conditions in Turkey.
Keywords: Relative age, fundamental movement skills, children.