bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aspergillus fumigatus as a Cause of Mycotic Tracheitis in a Chicken
Authors: Pal M. , Prajapati S. , Gangopadhyay R. M. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryAn unusual case of mycotic tracheitis in a young chick caused by Aspergillus fumigatus was recorded from Anand, India, during 1987. The pathogen was demonstrated in the tracheal exudate by potassium hydroxide technique and also recovered from the trachea on Sabouraud dextrose agar at 37° C. The characteristic hyphae of Aspergillus spp. were demonstrated in tracheal mucosa in histopathological sections stained by periodic acid Schiff method. Interestingly, the lesions were confined only to the trachea. Environmental investigations established the source of infection in the farm where the litter was highly contaminated with A. fumigatus.
Dermatophytoses as Occupational Dermatoses in Industrialized Countries. Report on Two Cases from Munich
Authors: Korting H. C. , Zienicke Helga 
Published: December 2017

SummaryAlthough interest in dermatophytoses as occupational dermatoses nowadays focuses on developing countries, pertinent cases are still also seen in industrialized countries. Two recent cases from Munich are reported in which Trichophyton verrucosum had been acquired by a cattle farmer and Microsporum canis by a veterinary surgeon from a pet cat.
Fungal Flora of Human Faeces in Psoriasis and Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Buslau M , Menzel Ingrid , Holzmann H. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryFaeces samples taken from 343 patients with psoriasis and 581 patients with atopic dermatitis were subjected to mycological examination. Yeasts were detected in 68 % of the psoriatics and in 70 % of the patients with atopic dermatitis but in only 54 % of the controls (n = 50). Qualitative analysis revealed a predominance of Candida albicans. Non‐pathogenic yeasts constituted only 1 % in each of these groups. Of the hyphomycetes, Geotrichum candidum occurred in 22 % of the psoriatics, in 10 % of the atopic dermatitis patients and in 3 % of the controls. Aspergillus species were found in 1 % of the patients but not in the controls. Stool samples collected on three consecutive days from 141 patients were examined for yeasts. Qualitative correlation between all three samples was shown in 95 % of the patients and quantitative correlation in 38 %. Deviations were mainly of exponential magnitude. Germ cell concentration of 104 cells per ml and above were measured in 38 % of the psoriatics and in 28 % of the atopic dermatitis patients but in only 22 % of the test subjects with healthy skin. There was no correlation between the concentration levels of yeasts in the faeces and the extent of psoriasis or atopic dermatitis.
Pathogenic Fungi in Soils of Jabalpur, India
Authors: Pandey A. , Agrawal G. P. , Singh S. M. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryResults of a preliminary survey of pathogenic fungi in soils collected from forest, riverside and residential garbage soil in Jabalpur, India, are reported. A total of 45 soils samples were examined, of which 39 (87 %) were positive for fungi, 66 species of fungi classified in 35 genera were isolated:Chrysosporium (78 %), Fusarium (69 %), Aspergillus (47 %), Microsporum (38 %), Gliocladium (16 %), Acremonium (11 %), Penicillium (11 %), Humicola (9 %), Scopulariopsis (7 %), Paecilomyces (7 %), Cladosporium (7 %); Chaetomium, Colletotrichum, Cunninghamella, Microascus and Rhizopus (4 % each); Absidia, Aphanocladium, Arthrobotrys, Botryotrichum, Candida, Cephaliophora, Cephalosporium, Curvularia, Histoplasma, Mucor, Shanorella, Syncephalastrum, Thermomyces, Trichophylon, Trichothecium and Verticillium (2 % each); mycelia sterilia (6 %). Acremonium persicinum, Cladosporium trichoides and Shanorella spirotricha are new to India. A new species of Humicola has also been isolated.
Bioassay for Determination of Nystatin in Faeces after Oral Application
Authors: Blaschke-Hellmessen Renate , Schwarze Ulrike 
Published: December 2017

SummaryAn optimized bioassay (agar diffusion assay) using a defined Candida albicans strain as tester strain for determination of nystatin excreted with the faeces during and after oral application is presented . The sensitivity of the test achieves 39 IU nystatin/g faeces relating to the total amount of nystatin (using dimethylformamide for solution of nystatin in the faeces) and 78 IU nystatin/g faeces relating to the biologically active portion (using aqua dest for suspension of nystatin from the faeces). Precision and reproducibility of the bioassay are assured by standardized procedures. By means of the bioassay, doses and application intervals for orally administered nystatin can be optimized.
Results of a Combination Treatment with Natamycin and Butylscopolamine in Cases of Intestinal Candida Colonization
Authors: Gehring W. , Späte W. , Gehse M. , Gloor M. , Braun K. J. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryThe findings described show that Candida species can be found in the feces of approximately half a population of non‐selected test persons and in the mouths of approximately a third. Intestinal Candida colonization was found in most of these persons after one feces examination, and in practically all of them after a second examination. 10 d of therapy with 400 mg natamycin per day in sugarcoated tablet form and 40 mg natamycin in the form of tablets for sucking produced a negative fungus test for the feces in only 20 % of the cases. Although a combination of this therapy with 3 x 10 mg butylscopolamine per day improved short‐term results significantly, the long‐term results were hardly influenced at all. Typifying results according to the Warnock method showed that we are dealing with recurrences in practically all cases and not with new infections. Minimal inhibition concentrations (MIC) of natamycin showed no marked changes as a consequence of the natamycin treatment.
Osteomyelitits Due to Cryptococcus neoformans in Advanced Age Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Kromminga R. , Staib F. , Thalmann U. , Jautzke G. , Seibold M. , Hochrein H. , Witt H. , Bürger H. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryIn an 84‐year‐old man cryptococcosis with a pronounced osteomyelitic course (involvement of a rib, two thoracic vertebrae, the sacrum and a femur) was diagnosed histologically post mortem, thus directing attention to cryptococcosis in advanced age. The presumptive chronic course of the Cryptococcus neoformans (Cr. n.) infection in this patient was ascribed to chronic kidney failure, diabetes mellitus and chronic obstructive lung disease. Special reference is made to the mycological and radiological diagnosis of cryptococcosis of the bones as well as to its pathogenesis, therapy and epidemiology.
In Vitro Activities of Polyene and Imidazole Antifungal Agents Against Unusual Opportunistic Fungal Pathogens
Authors: Rotowa N. A. , Shadomy H. J. , Shadomy S. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryGuidelines for the treatment of Infections caused by unusual opportunistic fungi are limited and available in vitro data are scanty. In vitro susceptibility tests, employing an agar dilution procedure, were performed with amphotericin B (AMB), natamycin (NTC), itraconazole (ICZ), and ketoconazole (KTZ). Two media were used: Kimmig's agar (KA) and Yeast Morphology Agar (YMA). Fungi tested included isolates (n) of A cremonium spp. (10), Cunninghamella spp. (6), Fusarium spp. (18), Pseudallescheria boydii (14), and Trichosporon beigelii (5). All Acremonium and Cunninghamella isolates were susceptible to NTC (MIC ≤4 μg/ml) but many appeared to be resistant to AMB, (MIC ≧32 μg/m1), KTZ and ICZ (MIC ≧128 μg/ml). Most isolates of Fusarium spp. were susceptible to both AMB and NTC (MIC90 = 4 μg/ml); one isolate was cross‐resistant to both polyenes (MIC > 32 μg/ml ). Only two of 18 Fusarium isolates appeared susceptible to the imidazoles (MIC ≤4 μg/ml); the remaining isolates exhibited high MICs (≧64 μg/ ml). All 14 isolates of P. boydii were susceptible to NTC (MIC ≤ μg/ml) but four appeared to be resistant to AMB (MIC 32 μg/ ml). Most isolates of P. boydii were susceptible to both KTZ (MIC ≤4 μg/ml) and ICZ (MIC ≤ 16 μg/ml) but two isolates appeared to be resistant (MIC ≧ 16 μg/ml). AMB was the most active compound against T. beigelii (MIC90 = 0.25 μg/ml) while KTZ was the least active (MIC90 = 64 μg/ml). Sixty‐one MICs were determined for the four drugs on both KA and YMA. The best inter‐test agreement (equal or ± 1 dilution) between paired KA and YMA MICs was observed in tests with NTC (93 %) while the poorest was observed in tests with ICZ (79 %). Four‐fold or greater differences in paired MICs were observed in two tests each with AMB and ICZ.
Subcutaneous mucormycosis caused by Mucor hiemalis Wehmer f. luteus (Linnemann) Schipper 1973
Authors: Costa A. R. , Porto E. , Tayah M. , Valente N. Y. S. , da Silva Lacaz C. , Maranhão W. M. , Rodrigues M. C. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryThe authors report a case of subcutaneous mucormycosis in a diabetic patient with verrucous lesions in the fourth finger of the right hand. Initially diagnosed as a fixed cutaneous sporotrichosis case, success was obtained with the use of potassium iodide with healing of the lesion in a period of nearly 5 months. At present the patient remains under clinical observation with no treatment or relapse.
Cerebrospinal fluid indices in cryptococcal and tuberculous meningitis: The spider web coagulum and its diagnostic significance
Authors: Staib F. , Seibold M. , Antweiler E. , Zimmer C. , Heitz J. , Stoltenburg-Didinger G. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryThe differentiation between a chronic cryptococcal meningitis and a chronic tuberculous meningitis may cause problems for the clinician only if standard microbiological methods are not applied to the diagnosis of both infections.In a male non‐AIDS patient (50 y), 11 years after a suggested diagnosis of “tuberculous meningitis”, meningoencephalitis with hydrocephalus was diagnosed and treated accordingly without success. Mycobacterium tuberculosis was never found. Because fibrin fibres of a spider web coagulum in the CSF resembled Aspergillus mycelium, the patient was then treated with amphotericin B + flucytosine. Finally, a mycological examination led to the true diagnosis: (1) In the CSF, resembling Aspergillus hyphae were found to be spider web coagulum fibres. (2) Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis based on the detection of Cryptococcus neoformans in CSF and its antigen in serum and CSF. ‐ At post‐mortem, cryptococcal meningoencephalitis was established as cause of death. Residual signs of tuberculosis could not be detected in the brain and the meninges. Common clinical similarities of cryptococcal and tuberculous meningitis and the possibility of a double infection are discussed. A comparison of the presence of Cr. neoformans in the meninges of non‐AIDS and AIDS patients is made. The formation of spider web coagulum in the CSF is discussed. Proposals for the diagnosis, therapy and prophylaxis of cryptococcal meningitis are made.
Study of onychomycosis in India
Authors: Banerjee U. , Sethi M. , Pasricha J. S. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryFungal agents causing onychomycosis in an Indian population were studied in a hospital based study. It revealed that onychomycosis is more common in adult males, and that finger nails were more often affected compared with toe nails. Occupation did not seem to be related to infection.Trichophyton rubrumwas the commonest fungus isolated (49.3 %) followed byCandidaspecies (23.2 %). Four morphological varieties ofTr. rubrumcolonies were observed but the role of a particular variety in causing chronic infection could not be ascertained.
Fluconazole monitoring in Candida peritonitis based on histological control
Authors: Kujath P. , Lerch K. , Dämmrich J. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryBetween May 1, 1988 and January 1, 1990, 10 patients were treated for Candida peritonitis. Origins of the infections were lesions and perforations of the gastrointestinal tract. Risk factors promoting the disease were tumours, diabetes mellitus and extensive antibiotic therapy. The mean Classification by the APACHE score 2 was 19.0. All patients underwent the programmed peritoneal lavage for diffuse peritonitis. Daily relaparotomy and lavage of all quadrants of the abdomen was performed. The diagnosis of Candida peritonitis had been established by microbiological investigation, increasing serologic titres, histologic demonstration of a deep mycosis and clinical picture. All patients were treated with 300 mg fluconazole daily. Five of the ten patients died from their severe primary diseases in spite of control of fungal peritonitis. Daily relaparotomies allowed to follow up the microbiologic and histologic course of the disease. Within 2 to 4 days after administration of fluconazole, hydrous swelling and reduction of fungal elements could be demonstrated histologically. On the 4th day after onset of antifungal therapy, fungal mycelia were markedly reduced and distendically decayed. Fluconazole clearly leads to a destruction of deeply invading Candida elements within 4 days.
Enzyme immunoassay detection of antibodies in canine blastomycosis using Blastomyces dermatitidis lysate antigens
Authors: Seawell B. W. , Legendre A. M. , Scalarone G. M. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryA Blastomyces dermatitidis yeast phase lysate antigen (T‐58) prepared in our laboratory was used in an enzyme‐ linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of antibodies in 201 serum specimens from dogs with blastomycosis. In addition 36 sera from non‐infected dogs from an endemic area for blastomycosis and 36 sera from non‐infected dogs residing in a blastomycosis non‐endemic area were assayed . Sensitivity values ranged from 96.2 % (53 pre‐treatment sera) to 88.5 % (148 post‐treatment sera) with the specimens from dogs with confirmed blastomycosis. Minimal reactivity was experienced with the sera from non‐infected dogs. Positive reactions were obtained with 8.3 % of the endemic area sera and with 5.6 % of the sera from the non‐endemic area. Mean ELISA index values ranged from 7.66 with the pretreatment sera to 1.11 and 1.03 with the endemic area sera and non‐endemic area specimens respectively.
White piedra: ultrastructure and a new micro‐ecological aspect
Authors: de Almeida H. L. , Rivitti E. A. , Jaeger R. G. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryWhite piedra or trichosporosis is a superficial mycosis of the hair shaft, caused by the yeast Trichosporon beigelii; it has been found in all continents and may involve the hair of any part of the body. We report a case of white piedra on the hairs of the inguinal fold with ultrastructural studies. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the nodules have the same morphological aspects as the fungus in culture (hyphae and arthrospores) except for the presence of a cementant substance. By scanning electron microscopy the elimination of spores was seen on the nodule surface. Interestingly similar nodules were found on cotton fibres of the patient's underwear, which were also studied by scanning electron microscopy. This finding can explain therapeutic failure and demands special hygienic conditions related to clothes.
Infections caused by Trichophyton raubitschekii: clinical and epidemiological features
Authors: Kane J. , Krajden S. , Summerbell R. C. , Sibbald R. G. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryThirty‐eight cases of human infection with the recently described dermatophyte species Trichophyton raubitschekii were studied and a description is presented of the clinical and epidemiological features of infection with this organism. Results revealed the usual preponderance of males (2:1) but a high proportion of individuals of Asian origin (60.5 %) in the infected population. Tinea corporis, tinea cruris and tinea pedis were the most common infections. T. raubitschekii differed significantly from the more common Trichophyton rubrum and T. mentagrophytes in being more strongly associated with tinea corporis. Some T. raubitschekii infections produced inflammatory lesions while others clinically resembled those caused by the related species T. rubrum and 7: mentagrophytes. T. raubitschekii could be distinguished from related species by means of special mycological procedures in the laboratory.
Designing the stem cell microenvironment for guided connective tissue regeneration
Authors: Bogdanowicz Danielle R. , Lu Helen H. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAdult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are an attractive cell source for regenerative medicine because of their ability to self‐renew and their capacity for multilineage differentiation and tissue regeneration. For connective tissues, such as ligaments or tendons, MSCs are vital to the modulation of the inflammatory response following acute injury while also interacting with resident fibroblasts to promote cell proliferation and matrix synthesis. To date, MSC injection for connective tissue repair has yielded mixed results in vivo, likely due to a lack of appropriate environmental cues to effectively control MSC response and promote tissue healing instead of scar formation. In healthy tissues, stem cells reside within a complex microenvironment comprising cellular, structural, and signaling cues that collectively maintain stemness and modulate tissue homeostasis. Changes to the microenvironment following injury regulate stem cell differentiation, trophic signaling, and tissue healing. Here, we focus on models of the stem cell microenvironment that are used to elucidate the mechanisms of stem cell regulation and inspire functional approaches to tissue regeneration. Recent studies in this frontier area are highlighted, focusing on how microenvironmental cues modulate MSC response following connective tissue injury and, more importantly, how this unique cell environment can be programmed for stem cell–guided tissue regeneration.
Tissue‐specific endothelial cells: a promising approach for augmentation of soft tissue repair in orthopedics
Authors: Lebaschi Amir , Nakagawa Yusuke , Wada Susumu , Cong Guang‐Ting , Rodeo Scott A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBiologics are playing an increasingly significant role in the practice of modern medicine and surgery in general and orthopedics in particular. Cell‐based approaches are among the most important and widely used modalities in orthopedic biologics, with mesenchymal stem cells and other multi/pluripotent cells undergoing evaluation in numerous preclinical and clinical studies. On the other hand, fully differentiated endothelial cells (ECs) have been found to perform critical roles in homeostasis of visceral tissues through production of an adaptive panel of so‐called “angiocrine factors.” This newly discovered function of ECs renders them excellent candidates for novel approaches in cell‐based biologics. Here, we present a review of the role of ECs and angiocrine factors in some visceral tissues, followed by an overview of current cell‐based approaches and a discussion of the potential applications of ECs in soft tissue repair.
Visual resolution and cone spacing in the nasal and inferior retina
Authors: Woog Kelly , Legras Richard 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPurposeTo determine the retinal eccentricity at which cones are no longer an observable substitute for ganglion cells on nasal and inferior parafoveal visual acuity.MethodVisual acuities were measured on 12 healthy volunteers, under dynamic adaptive optic aberrations correction (crx1™) in white light, from 0° to 6°, every two degrees, along the nasal and inferior retinal meridians. Cone spacing was measured on images of the retina acquired using an adaptive optic flood illumination retina camera (rtx1™) at the same eccentricity, except at 0°.ResultsCone spacing increased by around 0.13 min of arc per degree of eccentricity and a difference of 7% between both meridians was observed (higher cone spacing in the inferior retinal meridian). Visual resolution was higher in the nasal retinal meridian (difference of around 28% or 0.15 logMAR at 6°). Cone spacing can predict minimum angle of resolution (MAR) at 2° in both semi retinal meridians. In the inferior retinal meridian, MAR measurements are fairly well predicted by Watson's 50% mathematical model based on the midget retinal ganglion cell density. Along the nasal retinal meridian, the measured MAR lies between Watson's 50% and 100% models.ConclusionsAt 2° of eccentricity, cone density accurately predicts visual resolution in both the nasal and inferior retina, supporting the idea that only 50% of the foveal midget retinal ganglion cells determine VA. The 50% model can also predict VA in the inferior retinal meridian at 4° and 6° of eccentricity. However, the 50% model underestimated visual acuity in the nasal retinal meridian at 4° and 6° of eccentricity consistent with the partially overlapping ON and OFF midget retinal ganglion cell receptive fields.
Iris colour in relation to myopia among Chinese school‐aged children
Authors: Pan Chen‐Wei , Qiu Qin‐Xiao , Qian Deng‐Juan , Hu Dan‐Ning , Li Jun , Saw Seang‐Mei , Zhong Hua 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPurposeUnderstanding the association of iris colour and myopia may provide further insights into the role of the wavelength of lights in the pathophysiology of myopia. We aim to assess the association of iris colour and myopia in a school‐based sample of Chinese students.MethodsTwo thousand three hundred and forty‐six Year 7 students from 10 middle schools (93.5% response rate) aged 13–14 years in Mojiang, a small county located in Southwestern China, participated in the study. We obtained standardised slit lamp photographs and developed a grading system assessing iris colour (higher grade denoting a darker iris). Refractive error was measured after cycloplegia using an autorefractor by optometrists or trained technicians. An IOLMaster (www.zeiss.com) was used to measure ocular biometric parameters including axial length (AL).ResultsOf all the study participants, 693 (29.5%) were affected by myopia with the prevalence estimates being higher in girls (36.8%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 34.0, 39.6) than in boys (22.8%; 95% CI: 20.4, 25.1) (p < 0.001). After adjusting for gender, height, parental history of myopia, time spent on computer, time spent watching TV, time spent outdoors, and time spent reading and writing, participants with a darker iris colour tended to have a higher prevalence of myopia, a more myopic refraction and a longer AL. Dose‐response relationships were observed in all regression models (p for trend <0.05).ConclusionsDarker iris colour was associated with more myopic refractive errors and longer ALs among Chinese school‐aged children and this association was independent of other known myopia‐related risk factors.