bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detailed analysis of the UV‐adjustment techniques used in paper and graphic industries
Authors: Yang Li 
Published: January 2016

AbstractMany commercial materials (papers and boards) contain optical brightening agents also known as fluorescent whitening agents. Adequate adjustment of the UV content of a measurement device (e.g., spectrophotometers) is essential for accurate color measurement. As specified in the ISO standards, the UV content is adjusted against an assigned value of an international reference transfer standard, for example, CIE whiteness (D65/10°) for the CIE illuminant D65 or ISO brightness for the C illuminant. Because of the simplicity, these approaches have gained great popularity in papermaking industry. Yet, there has been little evidence indicating how accurate the total spectral radiance factor corresponding to the single assigned value is reproduced. Hence, we present a method that quantitatively evaluates the accuracy of the UV‐adjustment technique, through comparing the total spectral radiance factors obtained from UV adjustment with the assigned ones. This method has been applied to three second‐level international reference transfer standard illuminated by three standard illuminants, D65, C, and D50. We found that the major differences between the assigned spectra and those obtained from the UV adjustments occur in the blue band where fluorescence is strong. At a few wavelengths, the differences may be up to 4–5%. Nevertheless, their color differences corresponding to the assigned spectra and those obtained from the UV adjustments are still smaller than unity (1 ΔE*) for all of the illumination conditions. Two instruments using the representative UV adjusting techniques, for example, the conventional UV‐adjusting with an adjustable (GG395) UV filter and the numerical UV‐filtering, have been studied. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 42, 19–26, 2017
Color in the urban environment: A user‐oriented protocol for chromatic characterization and the development of a parametric typology
Authors: Nguyen Luan , Teller Jacques 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis article presents a user‐oriented protocol that can be used to characterize chromatic attributes of an urban area. A need for both affordable and reliable assessment method of color has been observed in the field of urban design. The challenge is to provide statistical answers to these two questions: how is color organized, how does it develop its own structure in the city? The main purpose of the research is hence to investigate mean color types within the city via the implementation of a characterization tool; an urban area of the four main classes (historic center, periurban housing districts, working‐class neighborhoods, and commercial zones) being characterized by a specific color palette, or a layout of specific color types. The developed instrumentation allows the assessment of the homogeneous and consistent features of an urban district. Their characterization protocol was tested through an application to several streets of the city of Liège (Belgium). © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 42, 131–142, 2017
Pre‐hispanic pigments and Italian renaissance designs at Spanish colonial missions churches in Northern Mexico
Authors: Muñoz‐Alcocer Karla , Fuster‐López Laura , Pizarro‐Medina Andrea , Picollo Marcello , Bartolozzi Giovanni 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis article presents the early ATR‐FTIR and FORS results of the analysis carried out in five polychrome wooden ceilings from different Jesuit Spanish colonial mission churches. These mission churches date between 1674 and 1723 and are located in the rural villages of Santa Maria, Cusihuiriachi, Coyachi, La Joya, and Rosario in the Northern Mexican State of Chihuahua. The decorative motifs in all five church sites were executed using a similar color palette and painting technique although the pictorial quality differs from one site to the next. The samples collected from the interior of the La Asunción de Santa María de Cuevas are of considerable importance as this site is one of the most significant models of colonial architecture, containing some of the oldest examples of colonial figurative art in Northern Mexico. The scope of this research is to identify and compare the pigments and techniques used in the decorative surfaces of these five selected mission churches. Preliminary FTIR results have unexpectedly determined the presence of indigo and cochineal (not traditionally used among Chihuahua natives) and possibly a mixture of both to produce different tones to decorate the wooden ceilings and choirs of the five missions studied. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 41, 289–293, 2016
José de Escovar at the Chapel of the Souls: Technical and material study of a 1603 panel painting
Authors: Gil Milene , Pereira Catarina , Relvas Cátia , Nunes Margarida , Pessanha Sofia , Cardoso Ana , Antunes Vanessa , Monteiro Patrícia , Ferreira Teresa 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis article reports the preliminary results of a technical and material study carried out on a 17th century panel painting located at the Chapel of the Souls in the main church of Vila Nova da Baronia (30 km away from Évora city, in southern Portugal). This painting is attributed to José the Escovar, a painter that worked for Évora Archiepiscopate between 1583 and 1622. José the Escovar is known by his mural paintings all across the Alentejo region. This is the first time that a panel painting made by this artist was studied. Analytical methods used included in situ technical photography (visible (Vis), raking light (RAK), infrared (IR), and ultraviolet (UV)), optical microscopy of cross sections, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometry (SEM‐EDS), micro Raman spectroscopy, and micro Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (μ‐FT‐IR). The goal was to ascertain the techniques and colored materials used by Escovar on this painting so that the data can be used in future comparisons with others works attributed to this painter based on stylistic aspects. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 41, 252–257, 2016
The use of hyperspectral imaging technique to detect the most suitable graffiti‐cleaning procedure
Authors: Pozo‐Antonio J. S. , Ramil A. , Fiorucci M. P. , López A. J. , Rivas T. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractNowadays, graffiti paints are one of the most common human interventions on monuments and historic façades with damaging results. It is an aesthetic problem but also a serious threat to the conservation of built heritage. The aim of this article is to evaluate the suitability of a hyperspectral imaging technique as a non‐destructive tool to determine the most adequate method of removing graffiti paints applied on granite rocks. Different cleaning procedures were analyzed; i.e., chemical, mechanical, and laser ablation. The cleaning effectiveness was evaluated based on the degree of paint extraction and the final appearance of the stone surface. The results obtained by hyperspectral technique were compared with those obtained by optical and electronic microscopies and color spectrophotometry. These results indicate the ability of hyperspectral imaging technique to assess the paint removal and thus to evaluate the suitability of the different graffiti cleaning procedures. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 41, 308–312, 2016
Conformations of Low‐Molecular‐Weight Lignin Polymers in Water
Authors: Petridis Loukas , Smith Jeremy C. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractLow‐molecular‐weight lignin binds to cellulose during the thermochemical pretreatment of biomass for biofuel production, which prevents the efficient hydrolysis of the cellulose to sugars. The binding properties of lignin are influenced strongly by the conformations it adopts. Here, we use molecular dynamics simulations in aqueous solution to investigate the dependence of the shape of lignin polymers on chain length and temperature. Lignin is found to adopt collapsed conformations in water at 300 and 500 K. However, at 300 K, a discontinuous transition is found in the shape of the polymer as a function of the chain length. Below a critical degree of polymerization, Nc=15, the polymer adopts less spherical conformations than above Nc. The transition disappears at high temperatures (500 K) at which only spherical shapes are adopted. An implication relevant to cellulosic biofuel production is that lignin will self‐aggregate even at high pretreatment temperatures.
Fuzzy‐based trust prediction for effective coordination in vehicular ad hoc networks
Authors: Malhi Avleen Kaur , Batra Shalini 
Published: January 2016

SummaryIn a vehicular ad hoc network, trust between vehicles is vital to efficiently transmit the data among vehicles. Secure node selection is based on the trust value that a node can calculate during its operations in a dynamic network. This will increase the confidentiality level of the network, thus improving the network performance. However, defining confidentiality is not a crisp task, rather it can range between certain limits. A fuzzy‐based inference engine can be used to optimally define these limits. In this paper, a fuzzy‐based trust prediction model is proposed to effectively compute the trust of other vehicles for the secure path formation in vehicular ad hoc networks. In the designed approach, each vehicle models the trustworthiness of the neighbors in its cognitive range to dynamically select the relay nodes that can be used for data transmission and the election of the appropriate path for routing in vehicular ad hoc network environment. The results and analysis of the proposed model over the standard protocols are presented using simulations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hypochloraemia is strongly and independently associated with mortality in patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Testani Jeffrey M. , Hanberg Jennifer S. , Arroyo Juan Pablo , Brisco Meredith A. , ter Maaten Jozine M. , Wilson F. Perry , Bellumkonda Lavanya , Jacoby Daniel , Tang W.H. Wilson , Parikh Chirag R. 
Published: January 2016

AimsHyponatraemia is strongly associated with adverse outcomes in heart failure. However, accumulating evidence suggests that chloride may play an important role in renal salt sensing and regulation of neurohormonal and sodium‐conserving pathways. Our objective was to determine the prognostic importance of hypochloraemia in patients with heart failure.Methods and resultsPatients in the BEST trial with baseline serum chloride values were evaluated (n = 2699). Hypochloraemia was defined as a serum chloride ≤96 mmol/L and hyponatraemia as serum sodium ≤135 mmol/L. Hypochloraemia was present in 13.0% and hyponatraemia in 13.7% of the population. Chloride and sodium were only modestly correlated (r = 0.53), resulting in only 48.7% of hypochloraemic patients having concurrent hyponatraemia. Both hyponatraemia and hypochloraemia identified a population with greater disease severity; however, renal function tended to be worse and loop diuretic doses higher with hypochloraemia. In univariate analysis, lower serum sodium or serum chloride as continuous parameters were each strongly associated with mortality (P < 0.001). However, when both parameters were included in the same model, serum chloride remained strongly associated with mortality [hazard ratio (HR) 1.3 per standard deviation decrease, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.18–1.42, P < 0.001], whereas sodium was not (HR 0.97 per standard deviation decrease, 95% CI 0.89–1.06, P = 0.52).ConclusionSerum chloride is strongly and independently associated with worsened survival in patients with chronic heart failure and accounted for the majority of the risk otherwise attributable to hyponatraemia. Given the critical role of chloride in a number of regulatory pathways central to heart failure pathophysiology, additional research is warranted in this area.
Sensitive Electrochemical Prostate Specific Antigen Aptasensor: Effect of Carboxylic Acid Functionalized Carbon Nanotube and Glutaraldehyde Linker
Authors: Tahmasebi Fatemeh , Noorbakhsh Abdollah 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe performance of carboxylic acid functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs(COOH)), chitosan (Chit), carbon nanotubes‐chitosan (CNTs‐Chit and CNTs(COOH)‐Chit) for immobilizing of amino‐functionalized ssDNA and fabrication of electrochemical prostate specific antigen (PSA) aptasensor were studied in detail using X‐ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The assemblies of capture probe are formed on the surface via two approaches: EDC/NHS chemistry and glutaraldehyde linker. Cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and EIS techniques were used to investigate the analytical performance of the PSA aptasensor. Under optimum conditions the sensitivity of 0.0026 µA/(ng/ml) and a limit of detection of 0.75 ng/ml (22 pM) were obtained for PSA detection. This protocol offers a new means for sensitive detection of PSA with some advantages in terms of simplicity, selectivity, ease of use and regenerability.
An integrated approach for investigating geomorphic response to extreme events: methodological framework and application to the October 2011 flood in the Magra River catchment, Italy
Authors: Rinaldi Massimo , Amponsah William , Benvenuti Marco , Borga Marco , Comiti Francesco , Lucía Ana , Marchi Lorenzo , Nardi Laura , Righini Margherita , Surian Nicola 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA high‐magnitude flash flood, which took place on 25 October 2011 in the Magra River catchment (1717 km2), central‐northern Italy, is used to illustrate some aspects of the geomorphic response to the flood. An overall methodological framework is described for using interlinked observations and analyses of the geomorphic impacts of an extreme event.The following methods and analyses were carried out: (i) hydrological and hydraulic analysis of the event; (ii) sediment delivery by event landslide mapping; (iii) identification and estimation of wood recruitment, deposition, and budgeting; (iv) interpretation of morphological processes by analysing fluvial deposits; (v) remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) analysis of channel width changes.In response to the high‐magnitude hydrological event, a large number of landslides occurred, consisting of earth flows, soil slips, and translational slides, and a large quantity of wood was recruited, in most part deriving from floodplain erosion caused by bank retreat and channel widening. The most important impact of the flood event within the valley floor was an impressive widening of the overall channel bed and the reactivation of wide portions of the pre‐event floodplain. Along the investigated (unconfined or partly confined) streams (total investigated length of 93.5 km), the channel width after the flood was up to about 20 times the channel width before the event.The study has shown that a synergic use of different methods and types of evidence provides fundamental information for characterizing and understanding the geomorphic effects of intense flood events. The prediction of geomorphic response to a flood event is still challenging and many limitations exist; however a robust geomorphological analysis can contribute to the identification of the most critical reaches. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On linear and nonlinear aspects of dynamic mode decomposition
Authors: Alekseev A. K. , Bistrian D. A. , Bondarev A. E. , Navon I. M. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryThe approximation of reduced linear evolution operator (propagator) via dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) is addressed for both linear and nonlinear events. The 2D unsteady supersonic underexpanded jet, impinging the flat plate in nonlinear oscillating mode, is used as the first test problem for both modes. Large memory savings for the propagator approximation are demonstrated. Corresponding prospects for the estimation of receptivity and singular vectors are discussed. The shallow water equations are used as the second large‐scale test problem. Excellent results are obtained for the proposed optimized DMD method of the shallow water equations when compared with recent POD‐based/discrete empirical interpolation‐based model reduction results in the literature. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dorsch, Hering und Sprotte
Authors: Quaas Martin F. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractZusammenschau statt Fragmentierung: Zu einer nachhaltigen Fischerei können verschiedenste Fachgebiete beitragen — von der Meeresbiologie über die Ökonomie bis zu den Rechtswissenschaften. Der Exzellenzcluster „Ozean der Zukunft”︁ versucht den Dialog.
Exzellenzinitiative: Wir nehmen sie beim Wort
Authors: Strohschneider Peter 
Published: January 2016

AbstractVor den Entscheidungen zu einer neuen Bund‐Länder‐Initiative: Noch immer ist nicht klar, wie die Politik ihren Gestaltungsauftrag und ‐anspruch wahrnehmen will. Dabei hat sie sich im Grunde längst selbst auf die Fortführung jener Prinzipien verpflichtet, die schon bisher den Erfolg der Exzellenzinitiative ausmachten: auf die themenoffene Förderung von Spitzenforschung und auf ein wissenschaftsgeleitetes Verfahren.
Individualisten im Überlebenskampf
Authors: Hagg Wilfried 
Published: January 2016

AbstractKleine Alpengletscher gelten als unspektakulär, dabei sind auch sie wichtige Klimaindikatoren. Geografen führen historische und aktuelle Daten in aufwendigen Computermodellen zusammen. So sollen Gefahren, aber auch Chancen für Natur und Tourismus besser erkannt werden.
Zur Rolle der Materialmodelle beim Standsicherheitsnachweis
Authors: Kolymbas Dimitrios , Fellin Wolfgang , Schneider‐Muntau Barbara , Medicus Gertraud , Schranz Fabian 
Published: January 2016

AbstractDie Ansicht, dass für die numerische Simulation von geotechnischem Versagen das Materialmodell keine wesentliche Rolle spielt, wird kritisch erörtert. Aufgrund von Literaturhinweisen und eigenen Untersuchungen wird gezeigt, dass das Materialmodell durchaus eine Rolle spielen kann. Es ist daher fundiertes Fachwissen über die Materialmodelle erforderlich. Eine Außerachtlassung von Materialmodellen bei Standsicherheitsnachweisen a priori sollte vermieden werden.Dieser Artikel wurde aus technischen Problemen doppelt veröffentlicht 10.1002/gete.201600017.On the role of constitutive models in simulation of limit state. This paper challenges the critical perception that constitutive models play no important role in numerical simulation of geotechnical collapses. Contrary to this conventional perception, the role of constitutive models in collapse simulations is investigated and highlighted by means of published results and own research. This shows that application of constitutive models in numerical investigations of limit states demands a profound knowledge of them.
HTA Implementation Roadmap in Central and Eastern European Countries
Authors: Kaló Zoltán , Gheorghe Adrian , Huic Mirjana , Csanádi Marcell , Kristensen Finn Boerlum 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe opportunity cost of inappropriate health policy decisions is greater in Central and Eastern European (CEE) compared with Western European (WE) countries because of poorer population health and more limited healthcare resources. Application of health technology assessment (HTA) prior to healthcare financing decisions can improve the allocative efficiency of scarce resources. However, few CEE countries have a clear roadmap for HTA implementation. Examples from high‐income countries may not be directly relevant, as CEE countries cannot allocate so much financial and human resources for substantiating policy decisions with evidence.Our objective was to describe the main HTA implementation scenarios in CEE countries and summarize the most important questions related to capacity building, financing HTA research, process and organizational structure for HTA, standardization of HTA methodology, use of local data, scope of mandatory HTA, decision criteria, and international collaboration in HTA.Although HTA implementation strategies from the region can be relevant examples for other CEE countries with similar cultural environment and economic status, HTA roadmaps are not still fully transferable without taking into account country‐specific aspects, such as country size, gross domestic product per capita, major social values, public health priorities, and fragmentation of healthcare financing. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Efficient Stereoselective Total Synthesis of Bioactive (3R,5R)‐1‐(4‐Hydroxyphenyl)‐7‐phenylheptane‐3,5‐diol via Asymmetric Aldol Reaction
Authors: Ramesh Perla , Raju Atla , Fadnavis Nitin W. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAn efficient stereoselective total synthesis of (3R,5R)‐1‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐7‐phenylheptane‐3,5‐diol (1) is reported based on the Mukaiyama aldol reaction. The total synthesis of compound 1 was accomplished with 30% overall yield in simple eight steps from commercially available trans‐cinnamaldehyde.
Prognosis after surgical treatment for pancreatic cancer in patients aged 80 years or older: a multicenter study
Authors: Sho Masayuki , Murakami Yoshiaki , Kawai Manabu , Motoi Fuyuhiko , Satoi Sohei , Matsumoto Ippei , Honda Goro , Uemura Kenichiro , Yanagimoto Hiroaki , Kurata Masanao , Akahori Takahiro , Kinoshita Shoichi , Nagai Minako , Nishiwada Satoshi , Fukumoto Takumi , Unno Michiaki , Yamaue Hiroki , Nakajima Yoshiyuki 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe optimal therapeutic strategy for very elderly pancreatic cancer patients remains to be determined. The aim of this study was to clarify the role of pancreatic resection in patients 80 years of age or older.MethodsA retrospective multicenter analysis of 1401 patients who had undergone pancreatic resection for pancreatic cancer was performed. The patients aged ≥80 years (n = 99) were compared with a control group <80 years of age (n = 1302).ResultsThere were no significant differences in the postoperative complications and mortality between the two groups. However, the prognosis of octogenarians was poorer than that of younger patients for both resectable and borderline resectable tumors. Importantly, there were few long‐term survivors in the elderly group, especially among those with borderline resectable pancreatic cancer. A multivariate analysis of the prognostic factors in the very elderly patients indicated that the completion of adjuvant chemotherapy was the only significant factor. In addition, preoperative albumin level was the only independent risk factor for a failure to complete adjuvant chemotherapy.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that the postoperative prognosis in octogenarian patients was not good as that in younger patients possibly due to less frequent completion of adjuvant chemotherapy.