bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the attractiveness of the availability of injectable progestogen contraceptives at the community pharmacy setting in the United Kingdom
Authors: Heller Rebecca , Cameron Sharon T 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

Introduction
Pharmacists have extended opening hours and are located in communities. Many offer sexual and reproductive health services such as emergency contraception. The opportunity to receive injectable contraception from community pharmacists would improve availability of this method and might increase uptake and continuation. A self-administered survey of women attending a large urban sexual and reproductive health clinic was undertaken to determine the acceptability of receiving contraceptive injections from a community pharmacist.

Methods
Women aged 16–50 years attending an NHS walk-in sexual and reproductive health clinic were invited to complete questionnaires while they were waiting to attend an appointment with a clinician. Questionnaires asked women if they were current, previous or never users of the progestogen only injectable, their method of contraception and whether availability of the injectable from a local pharmacist would influence their decision to use this method.

Results
Two hundred and forty questionnaires were distributed and 220 completed (92%). A total of 9% of respondents were past users of the injectable (n = 21), 4% were current users (n = 8) and the remaining 87% were never users. Of those 191 current non-users, 33% (n = 64) indicated that they would consider using this method if it was available at the pharmacy. The main perceived advantages of attending the pharmacy were quicker appointments (52%) and easier access (47%).

Conclusion
Provision of the injectable contraceptive from a pharmacist might make this method attractive to almost one in three women who are not currently using it. This could be a strategy to improve uptake and continuation of this method.
Prostate‐specific antigen lowering effect of metabolic syndrome is influenced by prostate volume
Authors: Choi Woo Suk , Heo Nam Ju , Paick Jae‐Seung , Son Hwancheol 
Published: February 2016

ObjectivesTo investigate the influence of metabolic syndrome on prostate‐specific antigen levels by considering prostate volume and plasma volume.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 4111 men who underwent routine check‐ups including prostate‐specific antigen and transrectal ultrasonography. The definition of metabolic syndrome was based on the modified Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Prostate‐specific antigen mass density (prostate‐specific antigen × plasma volume / prostate volume) was calculated for adjusting plasma volume and prostate volume. We compared prostate‐specific antigen and prostate‐specific antigen mass density levels of participants with metabolic syndrome (metabolic syndrome group, n = 1242) and without metabolic syndrome (non‐prostate‐specific antigen metabolic syndrome group, n = 2869). To evaluate the impact of metabolic syndrome on prostate‐specific antigen, linear regression analysis for the natural logarithm of prostate‐specific antigen was used.ResultsPatients in the metabolic syndrome group had significantly older age (P < 0.001), larger prostate volume (P < 0.001), higher plasma volume (P < 0.001) and lower mean serum prostate‐specific antigen (non‐metabolic syndrome group vs metabolic syndrome group; 1.22 ± 0.91 vs 1.15 ± 0.76 ng/mL, P = 0.006). Prostate‐specific antigen mass density in the metabolic syndrome group was still significantly lower than that in the metabolic syndrome group (0.124 ± 0.084 vs 0.115 ± 0.071 μg/mL, P = 0.001). After adjusting for age, prostate volume and plasma volume using linear regression model, the presence of metabolic syndrome was a significant independent factor for lower prostate‐specific antigen (prostate‐specific antigen decrease by 4.1%, P = 0.046).ConclusionsProstate‐specific antigen levels in patients with metabolic syndrome seem to be lower, and this finding might be affected by the prostate volume.
Transvesical laparoscopic surgery for double renal pelvis and ureter with or without ureterocele
Authors: Naitoh Yasuyuki , Oishi Masakatsu , Kobayashi Kenichi , Yamada Yasuhiro , Nakamura Terukazu , Johnin Kazuyoshi , Hongo Fumiya , Naya Yoshio , Okihara Koji , Kawauchi Akihiro 
Published: February 2016

ObjectiveTo evaluate the performance of transvesical laparoscopic surgery for patients with complete double pelvis and ureter.MethodsA total of 10 patients were included in the present study: five had complete double pelvis and ureter with ureterocele (group A), and five did not have ureterocele (group B). Three small incisions of 5 mm were used, without incision in the lower abdomen. In group A patients, the ureterocele wall was resected, and two ureters were sufficiently detached as a combined ureteral complex. Ureterocele on the side of the bladder wall was sutured to the bladder neck, and the bladder wall was strengthened. According to the cross‐trigonal technique, ureterocystoneostomy was carried out in two ureters as a combined ureteral complex. In group B patients, two ureters were sufficiently detached, and ureterocystoneostomy was carried out as in group A.ResultsIn group A, the mean age was 13.4 years (range 2–34 years). The mean operation time was 304.6 min (242–346 min). In group B, the mean age was 16.6 years (range 2–48 years). The mean operation time was 207.8 min (150–249 min). There were no intraoperative and postoperative complications in both study groups.ConclusionsTransvesical laparoscopic surgery can be safely and effectively used in patients with double pelvis and ureter.
Native‐Migrant Wage Differential Across Occupations: Evidence from Australia
Authors: Islam Asad , Parasnis Jaai 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe investigate wage differential by migrant status across white‐collar and blue‐collar occupations in Australia. Migrants are observed to have a higher wage; this difference, however, does not exist once we control for covariates. The unconditional wage differential varies over wage distribution as well as by occupation. Significant wage differentials are found above the median: positive for white‐collar workers and negative for blue‐collar workers. Using recently developed decomposition methods based on Firpo, Fortin, and Lemieux (2009) we decompose wage differentials across their distribution. Overall, the wage advantage of migrants reflects their superior labour market characteristics, and in particular, their levels of education. We find that English language proficiency plays an important role in wage differences among immigrants from non‐English speaking countries.
New Patterns of Internal Migration in Emigrant‐Sending Communities: the Case of China
Authors: Song Qian , Liang Zai 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDespite the large number of migrants at both international and internal scales in developing countries, literature on building the links between the two migration processes is still lacking. Using survey data from China's Fujian Province, we elaborate a novel link between international and internal migration processes by examining the response of internal migration to international migration in the migrant origins. Our findings suggest that emigration of one individual initially deterred the internal migration of other family members. Yet, over time individuals from emigrant‐related households had an increasing propensity to migrate internally. During the internal migration process, emigrants’ family members received greater financial returns and had reached farther destinations than other internal migrants. Those emigrant‐related internal migrants with enhanced economic profiles would benefit their domestic destinations in a variety of ways. These benefits support a more optimistic view on the impact of international migration on the development of migrant‐sending countries.
Physical health nurse consultant role to improve physical health in mental health services: A carer's perspective
Authors: Happell Brenda , Wilson Karen , Platania‐Phung Chris , Stanton Robert 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe physical health of people diagnosed with a mental illness is significantly poorer in comparison with the general population. Awareness of this health disparity is increasing; however, strategies to address the problem are limited. Carers play an important role in the physical health care of people with mental illness, particularly in facilitating navigation of and advocating in the health care system. A specialist physical health nurse consultant position has been suggested as a way to address the physical health care disparity and limited research available suggests that positive outcomes are possible. In the present study, a qualitative exploratory research project was undertaken, involving in‐depth interviews with people identifying as mental health carers. Two focus groups and one individual interview were conducted involving a total of 13 carers. The resulting data were analyzed thematically. Views and opinions about the proposed physical health nurse consultant (PHNC) position were sought during these interviews and are reported in this paper. Two main sub‐themes were evident relating to characteristics of this role: reliability and consistency; and communication and support. Essentially carers expressed a need for support for themselves and consumers in addressing physical health concerns. Successful implementation of this position would require a consistent and reliable approach. Carers are significant stakeholders in the physical health of consumers of mental health services and their active involvement in identifying and tailoring services, including development of the physical health nurse consultant must be seen as a priority.
Oferta ilimitada de trabajadores no calificados y segregación ocupacional por sexo en Jamaica
Authors: RICKETTS Heather E. , BERNARD David V. 
Published: February 2016

ResumenLos indicadores habituales de la segregación ocupacional por sexo pueden ser sumamente engañosos aplicados a los países en desarrollo debido a las diferencias estructurales, culturales e históricas que los separan de los desarrollados, tomados como modelo en los estudios sobre segregación. En Jamaica, debido al antiguo régimen de esclavitud, la mujer lleva siglos presente a gran escala en la población activa, y no decenios, como en los países desarrollados. Según los autores, la reserva importante e indiferenciada de trabajadores no calificados de Jamaica se traduce paradójicamente en niveles inferiores de segregación laboral, con predominio de mujeres en las ocupaciones más calificadas.
Determinantes de la brecha de género de desempleo en Italia y Reino Unido. Un estudio comparado
Authors: BAUSSOLA Maurizio , MUSSIDA Chiara , JENKINS Jamie , PENFOLD Matthew 
Published: February 2016

ResumenEl artículo analiza la brecha de género relativa al desempleo en Italia y Reino Unido investigando los determinantes de los flujos laborales con un modelo logit multinomial y estimando la contribución de las transiciones entre empleo, desempleo e inactividad a la brecha a partir de datos de las encuestas de población activa de ambos países de 2004 a 2013. La descomposición de la brecha mediante una matriz de probabilidades de transición muestra la desventaja de las mujeres en Italia y su situación ventajosa respecto de los hombres en el Reino Unido.
Discriminación salarial de género en Jordania. Las buenas intenciones no bastan
Authors: ALFARHAN Usamah F. 
Published: February 2016

ResumenAunque Jordania firmó los principales tratados internacionales que prohíben la discriminación de género, sufre una brecha salarial considerable. Con datos de la Encuesta de Gastos e Ingresos de los Hogares de 2002, 2006 y 2008, se realiza un análisis de descomposición teniendo en cuenta las decisiones de participación laboral de hombres y mujeres, según el cual toda la brecha salarial se explica por diferencias de género en los coeficientes estimados. Dicha brecha se debe a discriminación en el momento de la contratación y tiende a disminuir con el tiempo. La baja participación laboral femenina contribuye a una mejora estadística de sus ingresos relativos.
Citizen Science and Statistics: Playing a Part
Authors: Bain Robert 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
“Citizen science” has empowered amateurs and enthusiasts to get involved in a wide range of research projects, helping to collect and analyse data on a massively distributed scale. But project leads still need to ensure their work remains statistically robust. Robert Bain reports
Cover story
Citizen scientists and statisticians must work together to solve the data puzzle. By Robert Bain
Instruments for measuring meaningful learning in healthcare students: a systematic psychometric review
Authors: Cadorin Lucia , Bagnasco Annamaria , Tolotti Angela , Pagnucci Nicola , Sasso Loredana 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAimTo identify, evaluate and describe the psychometric properties of instruments that measure learning outcomes in healthcare students.BackgroundMeaningful learning is an active process that enables a wider and deeper understanding of concepts. It is the result of an interaction between new and prior knowledge and produces a long‐standing change in knowledge and skills. In the field of education, validated and reliable instruments for assessing meaningful learning are needed.DesignA psychometric systematic review.Data sourcesMEDLINE CINAHL, SCOPUS, ERIC, Cochrane Library, Psychology & Behavioural Sciences Collection Database from 1990–December 2013.Review methodUsing pre‐determined inclusion criteria, three reviewers independently identified studies for full‐text review. Then they extracted data for quality appraisal and graded instrument validity using the Consensus‐based Standards for the selection of the health status Measurement INstruments checklist and the Psychometric Grading Framework.ResultsOf the 57 studies identified for full‐text review, 16 met the inclusion criteria and 13 different instruments were assessed. Following quality assessment, only one instrument was considered of good quality but it measured meaningful learning only in part; the others were either fair or poor. The Psychometric Grading Framework indicated that one instrument was weak, while the others were very weak. No instrument displayed adequate validity.ConclusionsThe systematic review produced a synthesis of the psychometric properties of tools that measure learning outcomes in students of healthcare disciplines. Measuring learning outcomes is very important when educating health professionals. The identified tools may constitute a starting point for the development of other assessment tools.
Japanese nurses' perception of their preparedness for disasters: Quantitative survey research on one prefecture in Japan
Authors: Öztekin Seher Deniz , Larson Eric E. , Akahoshi Makoto , Öztekin İlhan 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAimThe objective of this study was to explore nurses' perceptions regarding their knowledge, skills, and preparedness for disasters and how they acquired their knowledge about disaster preparation using a quantitative approach.MethodsA descriptive cross‐sectional survey using the Disaster Preparedness Evaluation Tool was distributed to nurses in six hospitals (three private, three public) throughout Miyazaki Prefecture located in southern Japan.ResultsNine hundred and seventy‐three surveys (87.4%) were returned. Seventy‐two were eliminated leaving 902 (81.0%) for data analysis. Mean scores for preparedness, response abilities, and evaluation all scored below normal on a 6 point Likert scale (2.63, 2.02, and 2.05, respectively). Overall, nurses felt they were not able to respond in a variety of disaster situations, were aware of their workplace emergency disaster plan, but did not think they could execute them, and were not aware of the level of preparedness of the healthcare systems in their communities.ConclusionThe amount of information nurses need to know on the knowledge, skills, and preparation of disasters are in great need. Such skills are understood, but lacking for various reasons. In‐house programs for nurses to learn more about disaster nursing are needed. Furthermore, a curriculum for disaster preparedness for undergraduate and graduate nursing programs would also help these future nurses gain more information earlier on to better prepare them for possible disaster situations in their future careers.
The hydrological niche and spatially structured species co‐existence
Authors: Harpole William Stanley 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIdentifying niche differences and trade‐offs that contribute to species co‐existence in field studies remains a challenge (Hille Ris Lambers et al. 2012,Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics43: 227–248). In this issue of theJournal of Vegetation Science, García‐Baquero et al. test whether plant species show spatial segregation along hydrological gradients. By demonstrating the importance of hydrological niches in structuring plant communities, they provide a mechanistic foundation for stronger tests of species co‐existence.
Nonrandom seedling establishment corresponds with distance‐dependent decline in mycorrhizal abundance in two terrestrial orchids
Authors: Waud Michael , Wiegand Thorsten , Brys Rein , Lievens Bart , Jacquemyn Hans 
Published: February 2016

Summary

In plant species that critically rely on mycorrhizal symbionts for germination and seedling establishment, distance‐dependent decline of mycorrhizal fungi in the soil can be hypothesized to lead to significant spatial clustering as a result of nonrandom spatial patterns of seedling establishment. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the abundance and distribution of mycorrhizal fungi in the soil and how they relate to spatial patterns of adults and seedling recruitment in two related orchid species.

We combined assessments of spatial variation in fungal abundance using quantitative PCR (qPCR) with spatial point pattern analyses based on long‐term demographic data and cluster point process models.

qPCR analyses showed that fungal abundance declined rapidly with distance from the adult host plants. Spatial point pattern analyses showed that successful recruitment in both species was clustered significantly around adult plants and that the decline in the neighborhood density of recruits around adults coincided with the decline of fungal abundance around adult plants.

Overall, these results indicate that the distribution and abundance of fungal associates in the soil may have a strong impact on the aboveground distribution of its partner.
Massage, a complementary therapy effectively promoting the health and well‐being of older people in residential care settings: a review of the literature
Authors: McFeeters Sarah , Pront Leeanne , Cuthbertson Lesley , King Lindy 
Published: February 2016

AimsTo explore the potential benefits of massage within daily routine care of the older person in residential care settings.BackgroundGlobally, the proportion of people over 65 years is rapidly rising. Increased longevity means older people may experience a rise in physiological and psychological health problems. These issues potentially place an increased demand for quality long‐term care for the older person. Complementary approaches such as massage appear to be needed in quality residential care.DesignA critical literature review was undertaken.MethodsA literature review pertaining to massage in the older resident was conducted using a range of online databases. Fourteen studies dated 1993–2012 met the inclusion criteria and were critically evaluated as suitable resources for this review.ResultsEvidence suggests massage may be advantageous from client and nursing perspectives. Clients’ perceive massage to positively influence factors such as pain, sleep, emotional status and psychosocial health. Evidence also demonstrates massage to benefit the client and organisation by reducing the necessity for restraint and pharmacological intervention. Massage may be incorporated into care provision and adopted by care providers and family members as an additional strategy to enhance quality of life for older people.ConclusionMassage offers a practical activity that can be used to enhance the health and well‐being of the older person in residential care.Implications for practiceMassage offers benefit for promoting health and well‐being of the older person along with potential increased engagement of family in care provision. Integration of massage into daily care activities of the older person requires ongoing promotion and implementation.
Electric Field‐Assisted Photochemical Water Splitting Should Operate with 287 nm Light
Authors: Bachler Vinzenz , Gärtner Wolfgang 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe major photoreaction of water is the homolytic splitting of one O–H bond starting from the 11B1 excited state (λmax = 167 nm). This reaction produces H• and •OH radicals. The combination of two H• atoms leads to the potential energy carrier dihydrogen. However, the energy required to obtain the photoreactive 11B1 electronic state is about 7.4 eV, which cannot be effectively provided by solar radiation. The sun light spectrum on earth comprises the visible and ultraviolet region, but shows vanishing intensity near 7 eV (177.1 nm). This work provides theoretical evidence that the photoreactive 11B1 state of water can be shifted into the ultraviolet (UV‐B) light region (≈287 nm) by including explicitly an electric field in the calculations of the water absorption spectrum. To accomplish such bathochromic shift, a large field strength of 3.08 VÅ−1 is required. The field‐dependent excitation energies were calculated by applying the symmetry‐adapted cluster configuration interaction (SAC‐CI) procedure. Based on this theoretical analysis, we propose that photochemical water splitting can be accomplished by means of 287 nm light provided the water molecule is favorably oriented by an external electric field and is subsequently activated by a reversal of the field orientation.
Phenotype and gene expression analyses of the Rfo‐sa1 resistant aubergine interaction with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenae and Verticillium dahliae
Authors: Barbierato V. , Toppino L. , Rinaldi P. , Sala T. , Bassolino L. , Valè G. , Ferrarini A. , Delledonne M. , Bagnaresi P. , Rotino G. L. 
Published: February 2016

Aubergine (eggplant) is susceptible to fungal wilts caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenae (Fom) and Verticillium dahliae (Vd). Wild and allied relatives represent a good source of resistance, and introgression lines (ILs) have been obtained through introgression of the Rfo‐sa1 locus conferring resistance to Fusarium oxysporum from Solanum aethiopicum into cultivated aubergine. In this work, a deep phenotype characterization was performed according to two parameters: progression of symptoms along the stem and disease severity in leaves. This analysis showed that the Fom‐resistant ILs carrying introgression of the Rfo‐sa1 locus displayed significantly improved tolerance to Verticillium attack after a preliminary inoculation with F. oxysporum. This positive effect was particularly evident when Verticillium inoculation was performed simultaneously or after Fusarium inoculation. Transcript profiling carried out using a combination of suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH), microarray and qRT‐PCR analyses of roots inoculated with selected combinations of fungal pathogens enabled the identification of 164 differentially expressed genes between inoculated and uninoculated plants or between different stages after pathogen infection. Overall, the results highlighted a number of candidate genes putatively involved in early defence responses or signalling pathways activated upon infection of aubergine with either Fom and/or Vd, and thus leading to a broad Rfo‐sa1‐mediated tolerance against both these wilt pathogens.