bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Péril en la demeure - Les effets pervers de la lutte contre le terrorisme sur la citoyenneté en Grande-Bretagne
Authors: Irving Helen 
Published: April 2017

Un mois après les attentats d’août 2005 au système de transport public de Londres, le premier ministre britannique, Tony Blair, a convoqué une conférence de presse pour annoncer une série de mesures, à la fois administratives et législatives, pour accroître l’ampleur de sa campagne contre le terrorisme. Blair a énuméré dix mesures, y compris la détention étendue de suspects, des limites au droit d’asile, l’augmentation des accords d’extradition avec d’autres pays, ainsi que l’établissement d’une nouvelle infraction dans le cas où il y a « approbation ou glorification du terrorisme ». Cette série de mesures allait manifestement bien au-delà du simple but de renforcer et d’étendre les moyens d’interrogation, d’emprisonnement ou de déportation. Leur intention ne se limitait pas à la préemption ou la punition. Au coeur de celle-ci, se trouvait un message sur la nature de la société britannique - sur ce que veut dire, aujourd’hui, la citoyenneté en Grande-Bretagne. Blair a résumé sa position comme suit : « Ceux qui veulent être des citoyens britanniques devraient partager nos valeurs et notre style de vie. » Il y aurait, disait Blair, « un test de citoyenneté britannique. » En pratique, une telle proposition pose des difficultés de mise en oeuvre. Elle soulève notamment des questions juridiques complexes, parmi lesquelles la dimension internationale de la déportation. Ceci dit, la légalité de la proposition n’est pas le sujet de ce texte ; celui-ci s’intéresse plutôt aux éléments constitutifs de la citoyenneté que reconduit cette initiative du gouvernement britannique. Dans cette perspective, il tentera de répondre aux questions suivantes : Qui est citoyen ? Qui a droit à la citoyenneté ? Qu’est-ce que l’État peut demander aux citoyens ? Qu’est-ce que les citoyens peuvent demander à cet État ?
Organisations internationales et diffusion de nouveaux modèles de gouvernance : des tendances globales aux réalités locales
Authors: Mazouz Bachir , Facal Joseph , Hatimi Imad-Eddine 
Published: April 2017

À l’échelle de la planète, nous assistons, depuis le début des années 1980, à un mouvement accéléré de renouvellement des appareils publics de gouvernance, sous l’influence du mouvement managérialiste ou, en d’autres mots, le nouveau management public. Peu d’études ont cependant été consacrées aux processus de diffusion à l’échelle mondiale de cette conception de la gouvernance publique. Il se trouve pourtant que si les réformes des administrations publiques menées en Nouvelle-Zélande, au Royaume-Uni, au Canada ou aux États-Unis d’Amérique ont inspiré tant d’autres gouvernements, de même que nombre de praticiens et d’universitaires, c’est en partie parce que des Organisations internationales extrêmement influentes ont non seulement contribué à les faire connaître, mais les ont aussi proposées comme des modèles de référence. Comment et par quels mécanismes ces nouveaux modèles de gouvernance se propagent-ils d’un pays à l’autre ? Quels rôles les Organisations internationales, financières et non financières, jouent-elles dans ce processus de diffusion ? Si, à l’échelle internationale, nous relevons une certaine homogénéité au niveau des valeurs, des principes et des discours de légitimation des systèmes de gouvernance en émergence, la diversité des modes d’organisation et de fonctionnement des organisations publiques ne fait aucun doute. Notre analyse révèle que la tendance à l’isomorphisme des systèmes de gouvernance sur un plan institutionnel s’accompagne d’une tendance à l’hétéromorphisme sur le plan des pratiques organisationnelles.
Frontières et passerelles : les relations du Canada en matière de politiques publiques en Amérique du Nord
Authors: Gattinger Monica , Hale Geoffrey 
Published: April 2017

Cet article introductif au numéro propose d’identifier une série de caractéristiques qui permettent d’analyser les relations du Canada en matière de politiques publiques dans le contexte nord-américain. Les auteurs proposent un continuum des relations bilatérales en matière de politiques publiques dans lequel l’indépendance se situe à michemin entre le conflit et l’harmonisation alors que les cas de figure les plus pertinents dans le contexte canado-américain, le parallélisme, la coordination et la collaboration, constituent la section droite du continuum. Les caractéristiques durables et émergentes des relations du Canada en matière de politiques publiques en Amérique du Nord façonnent la politique et la gestion des processus liés à ces relations. L’approche canadienne implicite des processus inhérents aux politiques nord-américaines a tendance à être sectorielle, graduelle et souvent « ascendante » (‘bottom-up'). Il en a résulté une série d’initiatives bilatérales fondées sur des intérêts communs dans divers secteurs, mais aussi la résistance à toute vision plus intégrée de l’Amérique du Nord. Cette double impulsion vers la différenciation et l’intégration, étayée et stimulée en partie par une intégration économique ascendante, demeurera fort probablement au coeur des relations nord-américaines dans le domaine des politiques, ce qui contribuera à augmenter la complexité, la richesse et le caractère « à géométrie variable » des relations du Canada en matière de politiques publiques à travers le continent.
Globalization and social protests: where and how? The case of Canada and France
Authors: Dufour Pascale 
Published: April 2017

Although, in these times it could be considered a good “marketing” strategy to discuss globalization, it is increasingly difficult to choose how to address it, given the abundance of literature that has been produced concerning this subject. In this paper, we do not seek to address economic globalization or the objective trends of globalization that occur in the economic sphere. Moreover, we do not analyze globalization as an external factor that can contribute to national economic development, nor as a hegemonic economic force preventing societal development. In other words, the term globalization, as used, is not a causal factor. Instead, this paper attempts to apprehend the relationship between globalization as a new space of social protest (a space of action, as well as an issue of discourses) in two countries : Canada and France. We observe that the fight for global justice is embedded in national contexts, each of which uniquely translates the global problematic. The role of the state is particularly central to an understanding of this variation. In the same way, globalization, as a space of debates and conflicts, affects the form of national social protest, modifying both its frame and scale.
Les leviers de contrôle des actionnaires majoritaires
Authors: Biebuyck T. , Chapelle A. , Szafarz A. 
Published: April 2017

La littérature académique en gouvernance d’entreprise étudie en particulier la séparation entre propriété et contrôle au sein de l’actionnariat des entreprises privées. Cet article propose une synthèse critique et des illustrations internationales des résultats les plus récents en la matière. En particulier, il détaille les mécanismes permettant aux actionnaires dominants d’accroître leur contrôle d’une société, parmi lesquels : les structures pyramidales, les participations croisées et les actions à droits de vote multiples, qui offrent la possibilité de découpler le contrôle de la part effectivement détenue dans le capital de l’entreprise. Ces phénomènes, plus ou moins présents dans les différentes régions du monde, jouent un rôle fondamental puisqu’ils contribuent à l’accroissement des asymétries entre actionnaires d’une même entreprise et engendrent des opportunités de bénéfices privés en faveur de certains d’entre eux. Leur impact s’étend bien au-delà de la sphère de l’entreprise concernée et peut affecter le fonctionnement même des marchés financiers. La quantification du niveau de contrôle au sein d’un empire industriel peut être obtenue à l’aide de diverses méthodes. Les développements récents en la matière sont résumés et l’application à des cas internationaux réels est discutée.
Associations of Cytokine Concentrations With Key Osteopathic Lesions and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Nonspecific Chronic Low Back Pain: Results From the OSTEOPATHIC Trial
Authors: Licciardone John C. , Kearns Cathleen M. , Hodge Lisa M. , Bergamini Michael V.W. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Context: Little is known about the role that cytokines play in osteopathic manual treatment (OMT) of patients with chronic low back pain (LBP).

Objective: To measure the baseline concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in patients with chronic LBP; the correlations of these cytokine concentrations with clinical measures, including the number of key osteopathic lesions; the changes in cytokine concentrations with OMT; and the association of such changes with clinical outcomes.

Design: Substudy nested within a randomized controlled trial of OMT for nonspecific chronic LBP.

Setting: University-based study in Dallas-Fort Worth, Texas.

Patients: Seventy adult research patients with nonspecific chronic LBP.

Main Outcome Measures: A 10-cm visual analog scale, the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire, and the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 Health Survey were used to measure LBP severity, back-specific functioning, and general health, respectively.

Results:At baseline, IL-1β (ρ=0.33; P=.005) and IL-6 (ρ=0.32; P=.006) were each correlated with the number of key osteopathic lesions; however, only IL-6 was correlated with LBP severity (ρ=0.28; P=.02). There was a significantly greater reduction of TNF-α concentration after 12 weeks in patients who received OMT compared with patients who received sham OMT (Mann-Whitney U=251.5; P=.03). Significant associations were found between OMT and a reduced TNF-α concentration response at week 12 among patients who achieved moderate (response ratio, 2.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11-4.06; P=.006) and substantial (response ratio, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.07-4.25; P=.01) LBP improvements, and improvement in back-specific functioning (response ratio, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.04-2.71; P=.03).

Conclusions: This study found associations between IL-1β and IL-6 concentrations and the number of key osteopathic lesions and between IL-6 and LBP severity at baseline. However, only TNF-α concentration changed significantly after 12 weeks in response to OMT. These discordant findings indicate that additional research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of action of OMT in patients with nonspecific chronic LBP.
Effect of Different Doses of Granisetron on Preventing Postoperative Shivering in Patients undergoing Septorhinoplasty under General Anesthesia
Authors: Movassaghi Gargari Reza , Mohammadi Poor Anvari Hassan 
Published: April 2017

Background: Postoperative shivering is a frequent complication in recovery room after general anesthesia and has been reported in 40-70% of patients undergoing surgery. Postoperative shivering might cause hypoxemia, increase in oxygen consumption, a linear increase in carbon dioxide production, lactic acidosis, and increased intraocular pressure and intracranial pressure. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of different doses of granisetron on preventing postoperative shivering in patients undergoing septorhinoplasty under general anesthesia. Methods: 90 patients aged 18-60 years old with grades Ι or ΙΙ of American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physicals classification were allocated to the study. The first group (G1) received Granisetron 1mg Intra Venous (IV) before anesthesia induction; the second group (G2) received 3mg Granisetron IV before anesthesia induction and the last group, the control group, received Normal Saline (NS). Three groups were matched regarding age, gender, weight and duration of surgery. Shivering grade and time of operation were recorded in the recovery room. Results: 90 patients scheduled for septorhinoplasty, including 54 men and 36 women, were enrolled to the study. The mean age of the patients was 28.53 ± 8.62 (18-60) years. The number of the patients suffering from shivering in the recovery room was significantly less in group G2 rather than control group (P=0.006) and also need to therapy was significantly less in this group (G2) compared with the control group (P=0.002). Conclusion: Prophylactic use of granisetron (3mg, IV) can be effective in preventing postoperative shivering following septorhinoplasty.
USPSTF Colorectal Cancer Screening Recommendation and Uptake for Individuals Aged 45 to 49 Years
Authors: Siddique Sunny , Wang Rong , Yasin Faiza , Gaddy Jacquelyne J. , Zhang Lan , Gross Cary P. , Ma Xiaomei 
Published: October 2024

ImportanceIn May 2021, the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) issued a grade B recommendation encouraging colorectal cancer (CRC) screening among average-risk individuals aged 45 to 49 years. The patterns of screening uptake and possible socioeconomic disparities in screening in this age group remain unknown.ObjectiveTo evaluate changes in CRC screening uptake among average-risk individuals aged 45 to 49 years after the USPSTF recommendation was issued in 2021.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study used deidentified claims data from commercially insured Blue Cross Blue Shield beneficiaries aged 45 to 49 years across the US between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2022.ExposurePublication of the May 2021 USPSTF CRC screening recommendation for adults aged 45 to 49 years.Main Outcomes and MeasuresAbsolute and relative changes in screening uptake were compared between a 20-month period preceding (May 1, 2018, to December 31, 2019) and a 20-month period following (May 1, 2021, to December, 31, 2022) the USPSTF recommendation. Interrupted time-series analysis and autoregressive integrated moving average models were used to evaluate changes in screening rates, adjusting for temporal autocorrelation and seasonality.ResultsIn this cohort study of 10 221 114 distinct beneficiaries aged 45 to 49 years (mean [SD] age, 47.04 [1.41] years; 51.04% female), bimonthly mean (SD) numbers of average-risk beneficiaries were 3 213 935 (31 508) and 2 923 327 (105 716) in the prerecommendation and postrecommendation periods, respectively. Mean (SD) screening uptake increased from 0.50% (0.02%) to 1.51% (0.59%) between the 2 periods (P &amp;lt; .001), representing an absolute change of 1.01 percentage points (95% CI, 0.62-1.40 percentage points) but no significant relative change (202.51%; 95% CI, −30.59% to 436.87%). Compared with average-risk beneficiaries residing in areas with the lowest socioeconomic status (SES), those residing in areas with the highest SES experienced the largest absolute change in screening (1.25 [95% CI, 0.77-1.74] percentage points vs 0.75 [95% CI, 0.47-1.02] percentage points), but relative changes were not significant (214.01% [95% CI, −30.91% to 461.15%] vs 167.73% [95% CI, −16.30% to 352.62%]). After the recommendation was issued, the screening uptake rate also increased fastest among average-risk beneficiaries residing in the areas with highest SES (0.24 [95% CI, 0.23-0.25] percentage points every 2 months) and metropolitan areas (0.20 [95% CI, 0.19-0.21] percentage points every 2 months).Conclusions and RelevanceThis study found that among privately insured beneficiaries aged 45 to 49 years, CRC screening uptake increased after the USPSTF recommendation, with potential disparities based on SES and locality.
Fracture Risk Prediction Using the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool in Individuals With Cancer
Authors: Ye Carrie , Leslie William D. , Al-Azazi Saeed , Yan Lin , Lix Lisa M. , Czaykowski Piotr , McCloskey Eugene V. , Johansson Helena , Harvey Nicholas C. , Kanis John A. , Singh Harminder 
Published: October 2024

ImportanceThe Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) is a fracture risk prediction tool for 10-year probability of major osteoporotic fracture (MOF) and hip fracture in the general population. Whether FRAX is useful in individuals with cancer is uncertain.ObjectiveTo determine the performance of FRAX for predicting incident fractures in individuals with cancer.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective population-based cohort study included residents of Manitoba, Canada, with and without cancer diagnoses from 1987 to 2014. Diagnoses were identified through the Manitoba Cancer Registry. Incident fractures to March 31, 2021, were identified in population-based health care data. Data analysis occurred between January and March 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresFRAX scores were computed for those with bone mineral density (BMD) results that were recorded in the Manitoba BMD Registry.ResultsThis study included 9877 individuals with cancer (mean [SD] age, 67.1 [11.2] years; 8693 [88.0%] female) and 45 877 individuals in the noncancer cohort (mean [SD] age, 66.2 [10.2] years; 41 656 [90.8%] female). Compared to individuals without cancer, those with cancer had higher rates of incident MOF (14.5 vs 12.9 per 1000 person-years; P &amp;lt; .001) and hip fracture (4.2 vs 3.5 per 1000 person-years; P = .002). In the cancer cohort, FRAX with BMD results were associated with incident MOF (HR per SD increase, 1.84 [95% CI, 1.74-1.95]) and hip fracture (HR per SD increase, 3.61 [95% CI, 3.13-4.15]). In the cancer cohort, calibration slopes for FRAX with BMD were 1.03 for MOFs and 0.97 for hip fractures.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this retrospective cohort study, FRAX with BMD showed good stratification and calibration for predicting incident fractures in patients with cancer. These results suggest that FRAX with BMD can be a reliable tool for predicting incident fractures in individuals with cancer.
Trends in Retinopathy of Prematurity Among Preterm Infants in California, 2012 to 2021
Authors: Quinn M. K. , Lee Henry C. , Profit Jochen , Chu Alison 
Published: October 2024

ImportanceThe incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) has been increasing in the US since 2003. Understanding the progression of and racial disparities in ROP incidence in California can provide a contrasting perspective that may guide future research and practice in the management and prevention of ROP.ObjectiveTo describe how the screening and incidence of ROP among very preterm infants in California changed from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2021.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis study used a cohort of very preterm infants (defined as infants born prior to 32 weeks’ gestational age or weighing less than 1500 g) admitted to 60 neonatal intensive care units across California from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2021. Among this cohort, several factors were examined, including (1) the clinical and sociodemographic covariates of the population with and without ROP, (2) trends in screening for ROP, and (3) the incidence of ROP in total and by race and ethnicity. Data analysis was performed in April 2024.ExposuresRace and ethnicity and other birthing parental and infant descriptive characteristics.Main Outcomes and MeasuresIncidence rates of ROP and severe ROP. The primary measures were rates of ROP screening and incidence rates of ROP and severe ROP. Time trends in the risk of ROP and severe ROP were estimated using robust Poisson regression models.ResultsIn this cohort of 39 269 very preterm infants (&amp;lt;32 weeks’ gestational age) eligible for ROP screening, the mean (SD) infant gestational age was 28.6 (2.6) weeks. The mean (SD) birth weight was 1075 (274) g, and 48.6% of infants were female. The birthing parents of the population were 12.6% Asian, 13.3% Black, 44.9% Hispanic White or Hispanic other race, 0.7% Native American/Alaskan, 24.7% non-Hispanic White, and 1.0% Pacific Islander. From January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2021, in California, ROP screening rates remained steady at 95% or greater for eligible infants less than 30 weeks of gestational age for all race and ethnic subgroups. In this study cohort among all very preterm infants (&amp;lt;32 weeks’ gestational age), the incidence of ROP decreased from 31% in 2012 to 29% in 2021. Incidence rates of ROP among Asian and Hispanic individuals decreased the most quickly compared to other racial and ethnic groups, narrowing disparities.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, in contrast to increasing national trends, the total incidence of and racial and ethnic disparities in ROP incidence remained steady or decreased from 2012 to 2021 in California.
Dosimetric impact of variable air cavity within PTV for rectum cancer
Authors: Chan Eujin , Goodall Simon K. , Finnegan Robert , Moorfoot Paul , Jameson Michael , Dunn Leon 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study is to determine the impact of rectal air volume changes on treatment plan quality, and subsequently inform daily cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) evaluation constraints, in terms of acceptable rectal air volume during treatment.MethodsTwelve rectal cancer patients who exhibited rectal air within the PTV on their planning CT were selected. A study was conducted to evaluate the deterioration in plan quality due to expanding air volume. For each case, the air cavity volume was isotropically expanded in three dimensions using predefined margins of 3, 5, 7, and 10 mm, while deforming bladder and rectum contours. A constraint was applied to the bony anatomy to restrict the deformation. Treatment plans were then generated for all twelve patients by recalculating the reference plan with the expanded air cavity volume.ResultsAs the air cavity expanded, the maximum relative change in D98% coverage, compared to the reference plan, decreased by 10.8% ± 3.5%, while the D2% increased by 3.5% ± 0.9%. The positioning of the air cavity notably influenced the D98% variability with the 3 mm expansion. D98% coverage falls below 95% when the air cavity volume exceeds 17 cm3. On average, D2% coverage increased by 0.5% with each expansion. At the largest expansion, extensive coverage of 102% and 105% isodoses was observed compared to the reference plan.ConclusionAir cavity volumes above 17 cm3 can potentially degrade the high‐dose PTV coverage while increasing the regions covered by the 102% and 105% isodoses. Clinical CBCT guidelines were deduced, recommending a maximum threshold of 3.2 cm in diameter in any direction.