bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Culprit and Nonculprit Recurrent Ischemic Events in Patients With Myocardial Infarction: Data From SWEDEHEART (Swedish Web System for Enhancement and Development of Evidence‐Based Care in Heart Disease Evaluated According to Recommended Therapies)
Authors: Varenhorst Christoph , Hasvold Pål , Johansson Saga , Janzon Magnus , Albertsson Per , Leosdottir Margret , Hambraeus Kristina , James Stefan , Jernberg Tomas , Svennblad Bodil , Lagerqvist Bo 
Published: January 2018

Background

Long‐term disease progression after myocardial infarction (
MI
) is inadequately understood. We evaluated the pattern and angiographic properties (culprit lesion [
CL
]/non‐CL [
NCL
]) of recurrent
MI
(re‐
MI
) in a large real‐world patient population.

Methods and Results

Our observational study used prospectively collected data in 108 615 patients with first‐occurrence
MI
enrolled in the SWEDEHEART (Swedish Web System for Enhancement and Development of Evidence‐Based Care in Heart Disease Evaluated According to Recommended Therapies) between July 1, 2006 and November 29, 2014. During follow‐up (median, 3.2 years), recurrent hospitalization for
MI
occurred in 11 117 patients (10.2%). Of the patients who underwent coronary angiography for the index
MI
, a
CL
was identified in 44 332 patients. Of those patients, 3464 experienced an re‐
MI
; the infarct originated from the
NCL
in 1243 patients and from the
CL
in 655 patients. In total, 1566 re‐
MI
s were indeterminate events and could not be classified as
NCL
or
CL
re‐MIs. The risk of re‐
MI
within 8 years related to the
NCL
was 0.06 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.05–0.06), compared with 0.03 (95%
CI
, 0.02–0.03) for the
CL
. There were no large differences in baseline characteristics of patients with subsequent
NCL
versus
CL
re‐
MI
s. Independent predictors of
NCL
versus
CL
re‐
MI
were multivessel disease (odds ratio, 2.29; 95%
CI
, 1.87–2.82), male sex (odds ratio, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.09–1.71), and a prolonged time between the index and re‐MI (odds ratio, 1.16; 95%
CI
, 1.10–1.22).

Conclusions

In a large cohort of patients with first‐occurrence
MI
undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention, the risk of re‐MI originating from a previously untreated lesion was twice higher than the risk of lesions originating from a previously stented lesion.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL
:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier:
NCT
03099395.
Disorders of Consciousness: Is a Dichotomous Legal Approach Justified?
Authors: Law Richard W.M. , Choong Kartina A. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Advances made in medical care mean that many critically ill patients with an acquired brain injury may survive with a disorder of consciousness. This may be in the form of a vegetative state (VS) or a minimally conscious state (MCS). Medically, there is a growing tendency to view these conditions as occupying the same clinical spectrum rather than be considered as discrete entities. In other words, their difference is now understood as one of degree rather than kind. However, is English law keeping pace with this development in medical knowledge? This article seeks to highlight the duality that exists in the legal decision-making process in England and Wales, and question the justifiability and sustainability of this dichotomous approach in the light of medicine’s current understanding on disorders of consciousness.
Multimodel Future Projections of Wintertime North Atlantic and North Pacific Tropospheric Jets: A Bayesian Analysis
Authors: Whittleston D. , McColl K. A. , Entekhabi D. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe impact of future greenhouse gas forcing on the North Atlantic and North Pacific tropospheric jets remains uncertain. Opposing changes in the latitudinal temperature gradient—forced by amplified lower-atmospheric Arctic warming versus upper-atmospheric tropical warming—make robust predictions a challenge. Despite some models simulating more realistic jets than others, it remains the prevailing approach to treat each model as equally probable (i.e., democratic weighting). This study compares democratically weighted projections to an alternative Bayesian-weighting method based on the ability of models to simulate historical wintertime jet climatology. The novel Bayesian technique is developed to be broadly applicable to high-dimensional fields. Results show the Bayesian weighting can reduce systematic bias and suggest the wintertime jet response to greenhouse gas forcing is largely independent of this historical bias (i.e., not state dependent). A future strengthening and narrowing is seen in both winter jets, particularly at the upper levels. The widely reported poleward shift at the level of the eddy-driven jet does not appear statistically robust, particularly over the North Atlantic, indicating sensitivity to current model deficiencies.
Early Preparation and Inspiration for STEM Careers: Preliminary Report of the Epidemiology Challenge Randomized Intervention, 2014-2015
Authors: Wilson Robin Taylor , Watson Emma , Kaelin Mark , Huebner Wendy 
Published: January 2018

Objectives: Early Preparation and Inspiration for Careers in the Biomedical Sciences (EPIC) is a university–high school partnership for increasing high school student interest and persistence in the biomedical sciences. EPIC includes a year-long, project-based learning intervention, the Think Like an Epidemiologist Challenge (Epi Challenge). We describe the main components of the Epi Challenge and report on short-term changes in scientific literacy and science-related motivations and beliefs. Methods: From June 2014 through June 2015, a randomized sample of students with above-median interest in science from 5 high schools in Pennsylvania completed baseline and midyear assessments of scientific self-efficacy, beliefs regarding acquisition of scientific knowledge (personal scientific epistemology), and personal interest in science using 5-point Likert-type scales (with higher scores indicating stronger or more sophisticated beliefs). Results: Of 984 students completing baseline assessments, 110 enrolled in the Epi Challenge, and 84 remained at midyear. At midyear, mean scores for scientific self-efficacy (change = 0.26, P < .001) and personal scientific epistemology (change = 0.19, P = .004) increased significantly, but personal interest in science (change = −0.17, P = .06) did not. Increases in personal scientific epistemology were greatest for African American (change = 0.47, P = .005), free/reduced-price lunch (change = 0.35, P = .001), underrepresented minorities in science (change = 0.27, P = .002), and female (change = 0.26, P = .01) students. Conclusions: Epi Challenge participation was associated with improvement in high school students’ scientific self-efficacy and sophistication of epistemologic beliefs. Long-term follow-up of this cohort may shed light on whether such changes will be sustained and shape college major and career decisions.
Inert gas rebreathing - helpful tool in the management of left ventricular assist device patients
Authors: Reiss Nils , Schmidt Thomas , Mommertz Stephanie , Feldmann Christina , Schmitto Jan Dieter 
Published: January 2018

In patients with left ventricular assist devices (LVAD), exercise capacity is a decisive factor regarding the quality of life. When evaluating exercise capacity, precise information about the total cardiac output generated is crucial. To date, complex measurements using a right-heart catheter were necessary in order to determine total cardiac output. The inert gas rebreathing method facilitates non-invasive, direct and valid measurement of total cardiac output as well as associated parameters, like the difference in arteriovenous oxygen saturation, both at rest and during exercise. It is the aim of this paper to focus on this conclusive method which is, despite its simplicity and low-risk reproducibility, rarely used within the framework of LVAD patient treatment at the present time. The test protocol used at our hospital is presented to facilitate the implementation of this helpful tool in other interested institutions.
Investigating Gender Differences in Real Estate Trading Sentiments
Authors: Tsai I-Chun 
Published: January 2018

This study examined whether a person’s gender influences his or her real estate trading sentiments. Previous studies have suggested that risk aversion, loss aversion, and expectations of probabilities can affect trading sentiments. Thus, this study inferred that a person’s gender can inform these three factors and thus lead to differences in real estate trading preferences between genders. More noticeable expectation adjustment behavior was observed in men than in women. However, no significant expectation errors were observed in both genders. Moreover, this study observed that gender differences in risk aversion were affected by the fear index, whereas gender differences in loss aversion were affected by unemployment rates. Stock market rallies affected only men’s perceptions toward real estate value. Overall, a more noticeable optimism was observed in men, who were significantly influenced by house price changes.JEL Classifications: G10, R30
Youth Homelessness: The Impact of Supportive Relationships on Recovery
Authors: Gasior Sara , Forchuk Cheryl , Regan Sandra 
Published: January 2018

Background Homeless youth are the fastest growing sub-group within the homeless population. They face impaired access to health services and are often left unsupported. They lack social and family support or relationships with service providers. Unsupported homeless youth often become homeless adults. Purpose To test a model based on Peplau’s Theory of Interpersonal Relations, examining the influence of a network of service providers, perceptions of social supports, and family relations on a homeless youth’s perceptions of recovery. Methods This study is a secondary analysis and used a sample (n = 187) of data collected as part of the original Youth Matters in London study. A cross-sectional design was used to analyze the relationship between variables. Participants were interviewed at 6-month intervals over a 2.5-year period. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used. Results Network of service providers, perceived social supports, and perceived family relations explained 21.8% of the variance in homeless youth perceptions of recovery. Perceived social support and family relations were significantly, positively correlated to perceptions of recovery. Network of service providers was not significantly correlated to perceptions of recovery. Conclusions The findings suggest that stronger social supports and family relations may contribute to increased perceptions of recovery among homeless youth.
Toward a Conceptual and Methodological Shift in Craniofacial Research
Authors: Stock Nicola Marie , Feragen Kristin Billaud , Moss Tim P. , Rumsey Nichola 
Published: January 2018

Objective: To date, research investigating the psychological impact of craniofacial conditions has produced variability across outcomes. The aims of this article were to summarize the challenges that may contribute to this variability, and to offer alternative perspectives and approaches to guide future research and practice. Design: A comprehensive evaluation of papers exploring adjustment to congenital craniofacial conditions was conducted. Methodological approaches and underlying conceptual issues were identified and summarized. Results: The conceptual limitations identified include inherent challenges pertaining to the multifactorial and fluctuating nature of adjustment, a lack of consensus regarding the primary constituents of a positive outcome, scant use of appropriate models and theories, and a predominant focus on “deficits” over “strengths.” The methodological shortcomings identified include a lack of representative samples, biomedical inclusion/exclusion criteria, inconsistency in measurement, a relative absence of the patient perspective, variability in approaches to data analysis and interpretation, and the failure to draw on knowledge from other disciplines and related fields of health research. Findings are believed to be relevant to all disciplines involved in craniofacial research and practice. Conclusions: Existing literature remains markedly affected by a range of conceptual and methodological challenges, despite these challenges being identified 25 years ago. The present article proposes that a shift in the way we conceptualize and study craniofacial conditions is needed, in order to construct a comprehensive understanding of adjustment to craniofacial conditions, and to address the key unanswered questions important to all stakeholders.
Quantifying Pediatric Facial Palsy:
Authors: Chang Brian L. , Wilson Anthony J. , Samra Fares , Konieczny Tami , Percec Ivona , Lanning Melissa , Friedman Christopher , Jackson Oksana 
Published: January 2018

Objective: This study introduces digital image correlation (DIC) as a novel technology to objectively quantify pediatric facial symmetry. Design: Descriptive cohort study of patients’ facial symmetry as measured by DIC. Setting: Academic tertiary care hospital. Patients: 9 of 12 identified facial palsy and 13 of 26 identified control subjects participated. Interventions: DIC was used to quantify facial strain and symmetry as patients made the 5 standard Sunnybrook facial expressions. Each subject was evaluated according to the Sunnybrook scale by 4 evaluators, 3 plastic surgeons, and 1 occupational therapist. Main Outcome Measure: The percentage asymmetry values were calculated and compared between the facial palsy and control groups using both DIC and Sunnybrook. Results: Using DIC, facial palsy subjects had 32.99% asymmetry compared with 14.84% in controls ( P < .01). Using Sunnybrook, facial palsy subjects had 24.11% asymmetry compared to 3.87% in controls ( P < .01). The 2 metrics were positively correlated ( P < .01). There was significant variability among the Sunnybrook evaluators ( P = .02). Conclusions: DIC is a novel technique of objectively quantifying facial motion of the animated face. As surgical and medical approaches toward facial palsy expand, it is essential to have a means to compare results and improve patient outcomes.
Manually Steerable Catheter With Improved Agility
Authors: Tangen Geir Arne , Manstad-Hulaas Frode , Nypan Erik , Brekken Reidar 
Published: January 2018

Purpose: A prototype steerable catheter was designed for endovascular procedures. This technical pilot study reports the initial experience using the catheter for cannulation of visceral arteries. Technique: The 7F catheter was manually steerable with operator control handle for bending and rotation of the tip. The maximum bending angle was approximately 90° and full 360° rotation of the tip was supported. The study involved 1 pig with 4 designated target arteries: the left and right renal arteries, the superior mesenteric artery, and the celiac trunk. Fluoroscopy with 3-dimensional (3D) overlay showing the ostia from preoperative computed tomography angiography was used for image guidance. The cannulation was considered successful if the guidewire was placed well inside the target artery. In addition to evaluating cannulation success, procedure time and associated radiation doses were recorded. The procedure was performed twice with 2 different operators. Conclusions: Both operators successfully reached all 4 target arteries, demonstrating the feasibility of the steerable catheter for endovascular cannulation of visceral arteries. No contrast medium was used, and median radiation dose was 4.5 mGy per cannulation. An average of approximately 2 minutes was used per cannulation. This study motivates further testing in a more comprehensive study to evaluate reproducibility in several animals and with inclusion of more operators. Further development by integrating the new catheter tool in a navigation system is also an interesting next step, combining fine control of catheter tip movements and 3D image guidance without ionizing radiation.
Association between bullying and pediatric psychiatric hospitalizations
Authors: Leader Hadassa , Singh Jasmine , Ghaffar Ayesha , de Silva Cheryl 
Published: January 2018

Objectives: Bullying is a serious public health issue. We sought to demonstrate an association between bullying victimization and hospital admissions for acute psychiatric problems. We described the demographics and types of bullying in a sample of hospitalized patients in Staten Island, NY, and compared bullying victimization scores with psychiatric versus medical admissions. Methods: Patients in grades 3–12 were recruited from the Staten Island University Hospital Inpatient Pediatrics unit and emergency department. Patients completed the validated Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire (OBQ) was analyzed to formulate a report of bullying in our sample as well as a sub-score measurement of bullying victimization. Pediatric residents simultaneously documented whether the subject was a medical versus an in-patient psychiatry admission. Statistical analysis was performed to look for an association between the victimization sub-score and a psychiatric indication for admission. Results: A total of 185 surveys were analyzed. Peak bullying occurred in 7th and 8th grades. Demographics and types of bullying in our sample were described. A strong association between bullying victimization and hospitalization for in-patient psychiatry was demonstrated. Association between bullying victimization and suicidal ideation, psychiatry, and social work consults was also shown. Concern for an association between hospitalization for psychogenic illness and bullying victimization was also raised. Conclusions: There is a significant association between bullying victimization and psychiatric hospital admissions. This raises the specter of the serious consequences of bullying as it is the first study to prospectively link hospital admissions to bullying. Studies using a valid measure of psychogenic illness to look for an association with bullying victimization are needed.
Collision tumor consisting of a colorectal adenocarcinoma and dissemination of a gastric adenocarcinoma
Authors: Miyamoto Ryoichi , Kikuchi Kazunori , Uchida Atsushi , Ozawa Masayoshi , Kemmochi Akira , Sano Naoki , Tadano Sosuke , Inagawa Satoshi , Adachi Shinya , Yamamoto Masayoshi 
Published: January 2018

Background: Collision tumors, composed of histologically distinct tumor types, are rare entities, especially in the colorectum, and corresponding evidence-based clinical management or treatment strategies are poorly defined. This is the first report of a collision tumor composed of two histologically distinct adenocarcinomas. Case presentation: A 78-year-old male showed severe anemia and a 10% body weight loss over 1 month. Preoperative examination revealed T3N1M0 stage IIIA gastric cancer and T3N0M0 stage IIA rectal cancer. Distal gastrectomy and rectectomy with regional lymph node dissection were performed. Immunohistochemistry revealed two distinct adenocarcinomas with gland duct structures – a colorectal adenocarcinoma and a disseminated gastric adenocarcinoma – that had collided to form an invasive tumor on the serosal surface of the anterior rectum wall. Conclusion: This extremely rare case of a collision tumor supports that precise immunohistochemical identification of all tumor components is needed for guiding decisions affecting overall prognosis, adjuvant treatment and survival.
Preclinical efficacy of daratumumab in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Bride Karen L. , Vincent Tiffaney L. , Im Soo-Yeon , Aplenc Richard , Barrett David M. , Carroll William L. , Carson Robin , Dai Yunfeng , Devidas Meenakshi , Dunsmore Kimberly P. , Fuller Tori , Glisovic-Aplenc Tina , Horton Terzah M. , Hunger Stephen P. , Loh Mignon L. , Maude Shannon L. , Raetz Elizabeth A. , Winter Stuart S. , Grupp Stephan A. , Hermiston Michelle L. , Wood Brent L. , Teachey David T. 
Published: January 2018

Key Points
Daratumumab is effective against T-ALL in human xenograft models. CD38 is a novel target with broad potential in the treatment of T-ALL.
Risk factors for recurrent venous thromboembolism after unprovoked pulmonary embolism: the PADIS-PE randomised trial
Authors: Tromeur Cécile , Sanchez Olivier , Presles Emilie , Pernod Gilles , Bertoletti Laurent , Jego Patrick , Duhamel Elisabeth , Provost Karine , Parent Florence , Robin Philippe , Deloire Lucile , Leven Florent , Mingant Fanny , Bressollette Luc , Le Roux Pierre-Yves , Salaun Pierre-Yves , Nonent Michel , Pan-Petesch Brigitte , Planquette Benjamin , Girard Philippe , Lacut Karine , Melac Solen , Mismetti Patrick , Laporte Silvy , Meyer Guy , Mottier Dominique , Leroyer Christophe , Couturaud Francis 
Published: January 2018

We aimed to identify risk factors for recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) after unprovoked pulmonary embolism.Analyses were based on the double-blind randomised PADIS-PE trial, which included 371 patients with a first unprovoked pulmonary embolism initially treated during 6 months who were randomised to receive an additional 18 months of warfarin or placebo and followed up for 2 years after study treatment discontinuation. All patients had ventilation/perfusion lung scan at inclusion (i.e.at 6 months of anticoagulation).During a median follow-up of 41 months, recurrent VTE occurred in 67 out of 371 patients (6.8 events per 100 person-years). In main multivariate analysis, the hazard ratio for recurrence was 3.65 (95% CI 1.33–9.99) for age 50–65 years, 4.70 (95% CI 1.78–12.40) for age >65 years, 2.06 (95% CI 1.14–3.72) for patients with pulmonary vascular obstruction index (PVOI) ≥5% at 6 months and 2.38 (95% CI 1.15–4.89) for patients with antiphospholipid antibodies. When considering that PVOI at 6 months would not be available in practice, PVOI ≥40% at pulmonary embolism diagnosis (present in 40% of patients) was also associated with a 2-fold increased risk of recurrence.After a first unprovoked pulmonary embolism, age, PVOI at pulmonary embolism diagnosis or after 6 months of anticoagulation and antiphospholipid antibodies were found to be independent predictors for recurrence.
Budesonide/formoterol maintenance and reliever therapy in adolescent patients with asthma
Authors: Jorup Carin , Lythgoe Dan , Bisgaard Hans 
Published: January 2018

Asthma control is often suboptimal in adolescents, but few studies have evaluated asthma treatments in this population.Thispost hocanalysis assessed the efficacy and safety of budesonide/formoterol (BUD/FORM) maintenance and reliever therapy (MART) for treatment of persistent asthma in adolescent (age 12–17 years) subgroups within six randomised, double-blind trials. The primary end-point was time to first severe exacerbation. Secondary end-points included number of severe exacerbations, asthma-related symptoms, night-time awakenings, morning peak expiratory flow, forced expiratory volume in 1 s, as-needed medication use and five-item asthma control questionnaire scores.In adolescents (n=1847), BUD/FORM MART was similar to or more effective than comparators across each of the studies in reducing the risk of a first severe exacerbation (hazard ratios (HR) BUD/FORM MARTversuscomparators 0.15–1.01; pooled HR 0.49, 95% CI 0.34–0.70), with comparable outcomes to the adult subgroups (n=12 197). Similar treatment benefits for BUD/FORM MART were observed for secondary end-points. As-needed medication use was lower with BUD/FORM MART than comparators, and BUD/FORM as-needed use was lower in adolescents than adults. Treatment was well tolerated.This analysis supports the use of BUD/FORM MART in adolescents with persistent asthma, its efficacy and safety being consistent with that reported for adults.