bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Joint Covariate Detection on Expression Profiles for Identifying MicroRNAs Related to Venous Metastasis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Zhao Xudong , Wang Lei , Chen Guangsheng 
Published: July 2017

AbstractExpression profiles of cancer are generally composed of three dimensions including gene probes, patients (e.g., metastasis or non-metastasis) and tissues (i.e., cancer or normal cells of a patient). In order to combine these three dimensions, we proposed a joint covariate detection that not only considered projections on gene probes and tissues simultaneously, but also concentrated on distinguishing patients into different groups. Due to highly lethal malignancy of hepatocellular carcinoma, we chose data GSE6857 to testify the effectiveness of our method. A bootstrap and accumulation strategy was introduced in, which could select candidate microRNAs to distinguish metastasis from non-metastasis patient group. Two pairs of microRNAs were further selected. Each component of either significant microRNA pair was derived from different cliques. Targets were sought and pathway analysis were made, which might reveal the mechanism of venous metastasis in primary hepatocellular carcinoma.
Assessment of occlusion with the T-Scan system in patients undergoing orthognathic surgery
Authors: Agbaje Jimoh Olubanwo , Casteele Elke Van de , Salem Ahmed S. , Anumendem Dickson , Shaheen Eman , Sun Yi , Politis Constantinus 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDental occlusion varies among individuals, and achieving correct physiological occlusion after osteotomy is essential for the complex functioning of the stomatognathic system. The T-Scan system records the centre of force, first contact, maximum bite force, and maximum intercuspation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the usefulness and consistency of T-Scan in assessing occlusion before and after orthognathic surgery. Occlusal information was evaluated for 30 healthy adults with normal occlusion and 40 patients undergoing orthognathic surgery. T-Scan had a high degree of reliability for consecutive measurements (Pearson correlation, r = 0.98). For most parameters, occlusal distribution was better after surgery than before surgery. More teeth contributed to occlusion at maximum intercuspation after surgery than before surgery (14 vs. 10). In addition, the difference in the posterior force distribution was reduced after surgery (17.6 ± 13.8 vs. 22.7 ± 21.4 before surgery), indicating better occlusal force distribution after surgery. The maximum percentage force on teeth (p = 0.004) and the number of teeth contributing to occlusion (p < 0.001) also differed significantly. Thus, T-Scan is good for assessing occlusal discrepancies and can be used to portray the pre- and post-operative occlusal contact distribution during treatment planning and follow-up.
Shielding measures of power transformer to mitigate stray loss and hot spot through coupled 3D FEA
Authors: Dasara Sujana , Mishra Vineet Prakash 
Published: July 2017

Leakage flux generated in the power transformers cause stray losses in metallic parts of the transformer. Stray losses largely affect the transformer hot spot which leads to thermal failure. It is necessary to mitigate the impact of leakage flux on metallic parts by employing magnetic shunts and eddy current shields. Preeminently clamping structures like flitch plate and end frames experience substantial losses, hence combinations of shielding can be used for better loss reduction. In this study, a case study is performed on a 315 MVA, 420/27 kV single‐phase generator power transformer. This work is based on coupled three‐dimensional (3D) finite‐element analysis (FEA) of the transformer model. A new type of magnetic shunt is explored; also different design combinations of shielding are specified in this work for efficient mitigation of hot spots as well as tank walls.
Computer vision uncovers predictors of physical urban change
Authors: Naik Nikhil , Kominers Scott Duke , Raskar Ramesh , Glaeser Edward L. , Hidalgo César A. 
Published: July 2017

Significance
We develop a computer vision method to measure changes in the physical appearances of neighborhoods from street-level imagery. We correlate the measured changes with neighborhood characteristics to determine which characteristics predict neighborhood improvement. We find that both education and population density predict improvements in neighborhood infrastructure, in support of theories of human capital agglomeration. Neighborhoods with better initial appearances experience more substantial upgrading, as predicted by the tipping theory of urban change. Finally, we observe more improvement in neighborhoods closer to both city centers and other physically attractive neighborhoods, in agreement with the invasion theory of urban sociology. Our results show how computer vision techniques, in combination with traditional methods, can be used to explore the dynamics of urban change.
Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia - never out of Africa?
Authors: Olorunshola I. D. , Peters A. R. , Scacchia M. , Nicholas R. A. J. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Despite being eradicated from Europe and probably the rest of the world, contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) continues to plague sub-Saharan Africa affecting at least 25 countries, in particular Ethiopia, Ghana, Tanzania, Cameroon, Angola, Nigeria and Zambia. Evidence has shown that the causative agent,
Mycoplasma mycoides
subsp.
mycoides
, may have emerged from a closely related goat pathogen as recently as 300 years ago, which corresponds to the first description of CBPP in Europe. Numerous new vaccines have been produced over the last 20 years in an effort to improve on the protection afforded by the T1/44, a live vaccine in continuous use in Africa for over 60 years but none have so far succeeded; indeed, many have exacerbated the condition. In this review, we argue that the present tools for diagnosis and control are adequate for eradication and what is necessary are resources to improve vaccine coverage to levels of at least 80%, last seen in the 1970s when CBPP was restricted to very few countries of Africa. In addition, a study in Namibia supported the concept that strategic and targeted antimicrobial treatment can play a critical part in the control alongside regular and comprehensive vaccination.
Effects of a phase change cooling garment during exercise in the heat
Authors: Butts Cory L. , Torretta Madeline L. , Smith Cody R. , Petway Adam J. , McDermott Brendon P. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe purpose of our study was to examine the physiological, perceptual, and performance effects of wearing a phase change cooling garment (CG) during an interval exercise routine in the heat. Sixteen male participants (age 23 ± 3 years, ht 1.76 ± 0.11 m; wt 78.5 ± 11.2 kg; body fat 15.2 ± 5.8%) completed two trials (one with phase change inserts, CG, and one control without inserts) consisting of two submaximal exercise portions separated by 5‐minute seated rest, and a final maximal effort performance bout. Each submaximal bout involved 30 seconds or 1 minute of muscular endurance and agility exercises and 5 minutes of treadmill jogging and step‐ups. The performance bout included 30 seconds or 1 minute of muscular endurance and agility exercises, with participants completing as many repetitions as possible, followed by a 15‐minute recovery (active and passive). Rectal temperature (Tre) and heart rate were not different between trials, however change in Tre from baseline was improved during 10 and 15 minutes of recovery with the CG (P < .05). Mean skin temperature was lower using the CG vs control throughout the trial (P < .05). Thermal sensation was lower when using the CG compared to control (P < .001). There were no differences in any outcomes of the performance exercises (P > .05). These findings indicate that the continuous use of a CG during an interval style workout in the heat provides improvements in thermal sensation, however, only minimal thermophysiological benefits, and no performance augmentation.
The role of customized vestibular rehabilitation with visual desensitization in the management of visual vertigo syndrome
Authors: Moaty Asmaa Salah , EL Mahallawi Trandil Hassan , Emara Afaf Ahmed , Talaat Hossam Sanyelbhaa , Zeinelabedeen Ahmed Mahmoud , Dimitriadis Panagiotis A. , Allam Ahmed , Bowes Christopher , Ray Jaydip 
Published: July 2017

Objectives:
The objective of this study is to assess the benefits of customized vestibular rehabilitation with visual desensitization in the management of visual vertigo (VV).

Methods:
This retrospective study included 65 patients suffering from VV with situational characteristic questionnaire more than 0.9. Patients who did not complete the follow up in the VV clinic were not included in the analysis. Patients underwent customized vestibular rehabilitation using graded and progressive gaze stabilization exercises without background followed by introduction of visual stimulation (e.g. patterned wallpaper) and optokinetic DVD for home training to promote visual desensitization. The Situational Characteristic Questionnaire (SCQ), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Nijmegen Questionnaire and Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) were used to assess patient symptoms before and after the vestibular rehabilitation.

Results:
Seventy-five per cent of subjects in the study had statistically significant improvement in the SCQ from 2.31 ± 0.73 to 1.89 ± 0.88 after the rehabilitation. Sixty-three per cent of patients had statistically significant improvement in the Nijmegen questionnaire from 27.03 ± 9.94 to 24.75 ± 11.88 after the rehabilitation. There was statistically insignificant difference in the HADS score from 9.69 ± 4.28 to 9.76 ± 5.21 after the rehabilitation. Although there was improvement in the total DHI score as well (from 53.87 ± 16.289 to 50.10 ± 20.413), this was statistically insignificant. However, there was statistically significant improvement in the DHI some subgroups (physical and functional scores) and statistically non-significant improvement in other subgroups (emotional score and total score). The mean duration of rehabilitation was 6.8 ± 5 months. Correlation analysis between SCQ score and other questionnaire scores after the rehabilitation shows significant positive correlation between the post-rehabilitation SCQ questionnaire and other questionnaires.

Conclusions:
Customized vestibular rehabilitation incorporating visual desensitization exercises with optokinetic DVD results in significant improvement in VV symptoms.
Memory, art and the social condition
Authors: Goldfarb Jeffrey 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT
Theodor Adorno once famously declared: ‘To write poetry after Auschwitz is barbaric’. An opposing proposition: without poetry, and more generally speaking, without the arts, we cannot successfully confront modern barbarism. This paper explores this opposing proposition by closely analysing three works of art and how they have made it possible to confront difficult pasts – Toni Morrison’s Beloved, Paweł Pawlikowski’s film, Ida, and Maya Lin’s Vietnam Veterans Memorial. The central argument of the paper is that it is particularly in the creation and appreciation of art that the challenges of memory (and forgetting), as important dilemmas knitted into the fabric of social life, ‘the social condition’, are successfully confronted.
Fuel Characterization of Newly Discovered Nigerian Coals
Authors: Bevan Nyakuma Bemgba , Oladokun Olagoke , Jauro Aliyu , Damian Nyakuma Denen 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
This study seeks to characterize and highlight the fuel properties, rank, and classification of coals from Ihioma (IHM) and Ogboligbo (OGB) in Imo and Kogi states of Nigeria, respectively. The fuel properties were examined based on ultimate, proximate, and bomb calorific analyses. The results indicated that IHM coal contains comparatively higher C and H but lower O, N, and S content than OGB. In addition, the nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S) content for both coal samples were above 0.7 wt.% and 1.5 wt.%, respectively, which indicates high potential for pollutant emissions. Furthermore, the coal proximate properties were below 5 wt.% for Moisture; Volatiles (70 wt.%); Fixed Carbon (45 wt.%) and Ash (2.5 wt.%) on average. IHM coal has an HHV of 19.40 MJ/kg whereas OGB is 15.55 MJ/kg. This is due to the low carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and high oxygen (O) content in OGB whereas IHM contains higher VM and HHV. Furthermore, OGB presents better handling, storage, and transport potential. Furthermore, OGB has a higher fuel ratio and value index due to lower moisture, ash content, and volatiles. Based on the ASTM D388 standard, the coals were classified as Lignite (Brown) Low-Rank Coals (LRCs) with potential for energy recovery.
Metrics 𝜌, quasimetrics 𝜌^{𝑠} and pseudometrics inf𝜌^{𝑠}
Authors: Storozhuk K. V. 
Published: July 2017

Let

ρ
\rho

be a metric on a space

X
X

and let

s
≥
1

s\geq 1

. The function

ρ
s

(
a
,
b
)
=
ρ
(
a
,
b

)
s

\rho ^s(a,b)=\rho (a,b)^s

is a quasimetric (it need not satisfy the triangle inequality). The function

inf

ρ
s

(
a
,
b
)

\inf \rho ^s(a,b)

defined by the condition

inf

ρ
s

(
a
,
b
)
=
inf
{

∑
0
n

ρ
s

(

z
i

,

z

i
+
1

)

\inf \rho ^s(a,b)=\inf \{\sum _0^n \rho ^s(z_i,z_{i+1})

z
0

=
a
,

z
n

=
b
}

z_0=a, z_n=b\}

is a pseudometric (i.e., satisfies the triangle inequality but can be degenerate). We show how this degeneracy can be connected with the Hausdorff dimension of the space

(
X
,
ρ
)

(X,\rho )

. We also give some examples showing how the topology of the space

(
X
,
inf

ρ
s

)

(X,\inf \rho ^s)

can change as

s
s

changes.
TeachEnG: a

Teach

ing

En

gine for

G

enomics
Authors: Kim Minji , Kim Yeonsung , Qian Lei , Song Jun S 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Motivation
Bioinformatics is a rapidly growing field that has emerged from the synergy of computer science, statistics and biology. Given the interdisciplinary nature of bioinformatics, many students from diverse fields struggle with grasping bioinformatic concepts only from classroom lectures. Interactive tools for helping students reinforce their learning would be thus desirable. Here, we present an interactive online educational tool called TeachEnG (acronym for Teaching Engine for Genomics) for reinforcing key concepts in sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree reconstruction. Our instructional games allow students to align sequences by hand, fill out the dynamic programming matrix in the Needleman–Wunsch global sequence alignment algorithm, and reconstruct phylogenetic trees via the maximum parsimony, Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic mean (UPGMA) and Neighbor-Joining algorithms. With an easily accessible interface and instant visual feedback, TeachEnG will help promote active learning in bioinformatics.

Availability and implementation
TeachEnG is freely available at http://teacheng.illinois.edu. The source code is available from https://github.com/KnowEnG/TeachEnG under the Artistic License 2.0. It is written in JavaScript and compatible with Firefox, Safari, Chrome and Microsoft Edge.
Amyloidogenic medin induces endothelial dysfunction and vascular inflammation through the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts
Authors: Migrino Raymond Q. , Davies Hannah A. , Truran Seth , Karamanova Nina , Franco Daniel A. , Beach Thomas G. , Serrano Geidy E. , Truong Danh , Nikkhah Mehdi , Madine Jillian 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAimsMedin is a common amyloidogenic protein in humans that accumulates in arteries with advanced age and has been implicated in vascular degeneration. Medin’s effect on endothelial function remains unknown. The aims are to assess medin’s effects on human arteriole endothelial function and identify potential mechanisms underlying medin-induced vascular injury.Methods and resultsEx vivo human adipose and leptomeningeal arterioles were exposed (1 h) to medin (0.1, 1, or 5 µM) without or with FPS–ZM1 [100 µM, receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE)-specific inhibitor] and endothelium-dependent function (acetylcholine dilator response) and endothelium-independent function (dilator response to nitric oxide donor diethylenetriamine NONOate) were compared with baseline control. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were exposed to medin without or with FPS–ZM1 and oxidative and nitrative stress, cell viability, and pro-inflammatory signaling measures were obtained. Medin caused impaired endothelial function (vs. baseline response: −45.2 ± 5.1 and −35.8 ± 7.9% in adipose and leptomeningeal arterioles, respectively, each P < 0.05). Dilator response to NONOate was not significantly changed. Medin decreased arteriole and endothelial cell nitric oxide production, increased superoxide production, reduced endothelial cell viability, proliferation, and migration. Medin increased gene and protein expression of interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 via activation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB). Medin-induced endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress were reversed by antioxidant polyethylene glycol superoxide dismutase and by RAGE inhibitor FPS-ZM1.ConclusionsMedin causes human microvascular endothelial dysfunction through oxidative and nitrative stress and promotes pro-inflammatory signaling in endothelial cells. These effects appear to be mediated via RAGE. The findings represent a potential novel mechanism of vascular injury.
Congenital Cytomegalovirus Among Children With Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Smithers-Sheedy Hayley , Raynes-Greenow Camille , Badawi Nadia , Fernandez Marian A. , Kesson Alison , McIntyre Sarah , Leung Kin-Chuen , Jones Cheryl A. 
Published: July 2017

(Abstracted from J Pediatr 2017;181:267–271)
Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) infection is estimated to affect approximately 0.7% of newborn infants, although only approximately 10% to 15% of these show signs of infection at birth. Infected infants face a heightened risk of permanent neurodevelopmental disability, including cerebral palsy (CP).
Emerging cancer-specific therapeutic aptamers
Authors: Yoon Sorah , Rossi John J. 
Published: July 2017

Purpose of reviewWe will describe recently discovered smart aptamers with tumor specificity, with an emphasis on targeted delivery of novel therapeutic molecules, cancer-specific biomarkers, and immunotherapy.Recent findingsThe development of cancer-specific aptamers has facilitated targeted delivery of potent therapeutic molecules to cancer cells without harming nontumoral cells. This specificity also makes it possible to discover novel cancer biomarkers. Furthermore, alternative immune-checkpoint blockade aptamers have been developed for combinational immunotherapy.SummaryAptamers selected against cancer cells show cancer specificity, which has great potential for targeting. First, functionalizing targeted aptamers with therapeutic molecule payloads (e.g., small activating RNAs, antimitotic drugs, therapeutic antibodies, and peptides) facilitates successful delivery into cancer cells. This approach greatly improves the therapeutic index by minimizing side-effects in nontumoral cells. Second, cancer-specific proteins have been identified as cancer biomarkers through in-vitro and in-vivo selection, aptamer pull-down assays, and mass spectrometry. These newly discovered biomarkers improve therapeutic intervention and diagnostic specificity. In addition, the development of alternative immune-checkpoint blockade aptamers is suggested for use in combinational immunotherapeutic with current immune blockade regimens, to reduce the resistance and exhaustion of T cells in clinical trials.Video abstracthttp://links.lww.com/COON/A21.
Children with Obsessive-Compulsive Symptomology in the General Population: Different Subtypes?
Authors: Zijlmans Josjan , Marhe Reshmi , van der Ende Jan , Verhulst Frank C. , Popma Arne , Tiemeier Henning , van den Heuvel Odile A. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a moderately prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder, and many children suffer from subclinical obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms. The disorder is heterogeneous and has high comorbidity rates. In early disease stages of psychiatric disorders, symptoms are typically hard to attribute exclusively to specific disorders. The authors investigated whether profiles of neuropsychiatric symptoms can be distinguished within a large population-based study of school-aged children (7–10 years) scoring high on OC symptoms.

Methods:
OC symptoms and comorbid symptoms common in pediatric OCD were assessed: symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, autism, and anxiety. Latent profile analysis was performed on the subgroup of children scoring high on OC symptoms (high-OC sample, n = 209, i.e., 4.5% of total sample, n = 4632) using the z scores of the measures of comorbid symptoms as indicators.

Results:
Three distinguishable profiles were found within the high-OC sample. The first subgroup (“OC-specific”; 81.3%, 3.7% of total sample) had only OC-specific problems, the second subgroup (“Comorbid OC”; 11.0%, 0.5% of total sample) had high scores on all measures of comorbid symptomology, and the third subgroup (“Autistic OC”; 7.7%, 0.3%, of total sample) scored especially high on autism.

Conclusion:
The findings show that profiles based on neuropsychiatric symptoms can be distinguished within a population-based sample of school-aged children scoring high on obsessive-compulsive symptoms. These profiles may be useful in establishing patterns of symptom course during development. Longitudinal follow-up is necessary to ascertain whether at a later age these subgroups still differ in their symptom profile and neuropsychiatric trajectory.
Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Tuck-In Penetrating Keratoplasty for Advanced Keratoglobus With Endothelial Damage
Authors: Alió del Barrio Jorge L. , Al-Shymali Olena , Alió Jorge L. 
Published: July 2017

Purpose:
To describe the outcomes of femtosecond laser-assisted tuck-in penetrating keratoplasty as a single-step surgical procedure for visual and anatomical rehabilitation of patients with severe keratoglobus (KTG) and endothelial damage.

Methods:
Two eyes of a 7-year-old patient with bilateral severe KTG and previous corneal hydrops were operated. Assisted by the femtosecond laser, both donor and recipient corneas were prepared. An 8.5-mm full-thickness donor tissue with a peripheral partial-thickness rim of 1.25 mm was sutured into an 8.5-mm recipient bed with a previously dissected intralamellar peripheral pocket up to the limbus. The graft was secured with 16 interrupted 10-0 nylon sutures and the peripheral donor rim tucked into the host stromal pocket.

Results:
Six months after surgery, both grafts remained healthy and clear. One eye developed mild postoperative ocular hypertension. No intraoperative or other postoperative complications were observed. Corrected distance visual acuity was 20/50 in both eyes, with complete functional rehabilitation of the patient. Restoration of the peripheral corneal thickness was observed in the pachymetric map.

Conclusions:
Femtosecond laser-assisted tuck-in penetrating keratoplasty can provide excellent anatomical and functional rehabilitation of patients with severe KTG and endothelial damage, through a single-step surgical procedure and a single donor cornea per eye. The femtosecond laser permits accurate dissection of these already thin corneas without inadvertent perforation risk.