bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of antithrombotic drugs related to total joint replacement using anonymised free-text notes: a search strategy in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink
Authors: Nielen Johannes TH , van den Bemt Bart J F , Boonen Annelies , Dagnelie Pieter C , Emans Pieter J , Veldhorst Nicole , Lalmohamed Arief , van Staa Tjeerd-Pieter , de Vries Frank 
Published: December 2015

ObjectivesWe aimed to design and test a method to extract information on antithrombotic therapy from anonymised free-text notes in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD).SettingGeneral practice database representative of the UK.ParticipantsAll patients undergoing total hip replacement (THR, n=25 898) or total knee replacement (TKR, n=22 231) between January 2008 and October 2012 were included. Antithrombotic drug use related to THR or TKR was identified using anonymised free text and prescription data.Primary and secondary outcome measuresInternal validity of our newly designed method was determined by calculating positive predictive values (PPVs) of hits for predefined keywords in a random sample of anonymised free-text notes. In order to determine potential detection bias, total joint replacement (TJR) patient characteristics were compared as per their status of exposure to antithrombotics.ResultsPPVs ranging between 97% and 99% for new oral anticoagulants (NOAC) or low-molecular weight heparins (LMWH) exposure related to TJR were obtained with our method. Our search strategy increased detection rates by 57%, yielding a total proportion of 18.5% of all THR and 18.6% of all TKR surgeries. Identified users of NOACs and LMWHs were largely similar with regards to age, sex, lifestyle, disease and drug history compared to patients without identified drug use.ConclusionsWe have developed a useful method to identify additional exposure to NOACs or LMWHs with TJR surgery.
Home oxygen therapy reduces risk of hospitalisation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a population-based retrospective cohort study, 2005–2012
Authors: Cho Kyoung Hee , Kim Young Sam , Nam Chung Mo , Kim Tae Hyun , Kim Sun Jung , Han Kyu-Tae , Park Eun-Cheol 
Published: December 2015

ObjectiveThis study evaluated the effect of home oxygen therapy (HOT) on hospital admissions in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients.Design and settingUsing nationwide health insurance claims from 2002–2012, we conducted a longitudinal population-based retrospective cohort study.ParticipantsIndividuals who were aged 40 years or above and newly diagnosed with COPD in 2005.Outcome measuresThe primary outcome was total number of hospitalisations during the study period. Participants were matched using HOT propensity scores and were stratified by respiratory impairment (grade 1: FEV1≤25% or PaO2≤55 mm Hg; grade 2: FEV1≤30% or PaO256–60 mm Hg; grade 3: FEV1≤40% or PaO261–65 mm Hg; ‘no grade’: FEV1or PaO2unknown), then a negative binomial regression analysis was performed for each group.ResultsOf the 36 761 COPD patients included in our study, 1330 (3.6%) received HOT. In a multivariate analysis of grade 1 patients performed before propensity score matching, the adjusted relative risk of hospitalisation for patients who did not receive HOT was 1.27 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.60). In a multivariate analysis of grade 1 patients performed after matching, the adjusted relative risk for patients who did not receive HOT was 1.65 (95% CI 1.25 to 2.18). In grade 2 or grade 3 patients, no statistical difference in hospital admission risk was detected. In the ‘no grade’ group of patients, HOT was associated with an increased risk of hospitalisation.ConclusionsHOT reduces the risk of hospital admission in COPD patients with severe hypoxaemia. However, apart from these patients, HOT use is not associated with hospital admissions.
Vitamin D status and associated metabolic risk factors among North Korean refugees in South Korea: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Kim Kyeong Jin , Kim Yoon Jung , Kim Sun Hwa , An Jee Hyun , Yoo Hye Jin , Kim Hee Young , Seo Ji A , Kim Sin Gon , Kim Nan Hee , Choi Kyung Mook , Baik Sei Hyun , Choi Dong Seop , Kim Nam Hoon 
Published: December 2015

ObjectiveVitamin D deficiency is now recognised as a common health problem associated with various chronic diseases; however, it has not been fully elucidated among the minority groups. Here, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its associated metabolic risk factors among North Korean refugees living in South Korea.DesignCross-sectional analysis from the longitudinal cohort, the North Korean refugee health in South Korea (NORNS) study.ParticipantsA total of 386 North Korean refugees aged ≥30 years, who measured serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) level.ResultsThe prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D <20 ng/mL) was 87% and no participants had an adequate vitamin D level (25(OH)D ≥30 ng/mL). Underweight participants (body mass index (BMI) <18 kg/m2) had significantly lower 25(OH)D levels than individuals with normal BMI (≥18.5 and<23 kg/m2). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, the lowest 25(OH)D level (<10 ng/mL) was significantly associated with metabolic syndrome (OR, 6.37, 95% CI 1.34 to 30.3), high triglyceride (OR, 6.71, 95% CI 1.75 to 25.7), and low high-density lipoprotein (OR, 5.98, 95% CI 1.54 to 23.2) compared with 25(OH)D levels ≥20 ng/mL after adjusting for age, sex, season, length of residence in South Korea, physical activity and BMI.ConclusionsVitamin D deficiency is very common among North Korean refugees in South Korea. Despite their lower BMI, vitamin D deficiency was associated with metabolic syndrome in this population.
Preventing obesity in infants: the Growing healthy feasibility trial protocol
Authors: Denney-Wilson Elizabeth , Laws Rachel , Russell Catherine Georgina , Ong Kok-leong , Taki Sarah , Elliot Roz , Azadi Leva , Lymer Sharyn , Taylor Rachael , Lynch John , Crawford David , Ball Kylie , Askew Deborah , Litterbach Eloise Kate , J Campbell Karen 
Published: December 2015

IntroductionEarly childhood is an important period for establishing behaviours that will affect weight gain and health across the life course. Early feeding choices, including breast and/or formula, timing of introduction of solids, physical activity and electronic media use among infants and young children are considered likely determinants of childhood obesity. Parents play a primary role in shaping these behaviours through parental modelling, feeding styles, and the food and physical activity environments provided. Children from low socio-economic backgrounds have higher rates of obesity, making early intervention particularly important. However, such families are often more difficult to reach and may be less likely to participate in traditional programs that support healthy behaviours. Parents across all socio-demographic groups frequently access primary health care (PHC) services, including nurses in community health services and general medical practices, providing unparalleled opportunity for engagement to influence family behaviours. One emerging and promising area that might maximise engagement at a low cost is the provision of support for healthy parenting through electronic media such as the Internet or smart phones. The Growing healthy study explores the feasibility of delivering such support via primary health care services.MethodsThis paper describes the Growing healthy study, a non-randomised quasi experimental study examining the feasibility of an intervention delivered via a smartphone app (or website) for parents living in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas, for promoting infant feeding and parenting behaviours that promote healthy rather than excessive weight gain. Participants will be recruited via their primary health care practitioner and followed until their infant is 9 months old. Data will be collected via web-based questionnaires and the data collected inherently by the app itself.Ethics and disseminationThis study received approval from the University of Technology Sydney Ethics committee and will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.
Prognostic significance of PAK4 expression in gastric cancer
Authors: Kobayashi Kenta , Inokuchi Mikito , Takagi Yoko , Otsuki Sho , Fujimori Yoshitaka , Sato Yuya , Yanaka Yoshimitsu , Higuchi Kyoko , Aburatani Tomoki , Tomii Chiharu , Uetake Hiroyuki , Kojima Kazuyuki , Kawano Tatsuyuki 
Published: December 2015

Aimsp-21 activated kinase (PAK) 4, part of the six PAK families, plays an important role in growth factor signalling, cytoskeletal remodelling, gene transcription, cell proliferation and oncogenic transformation. However, the clinical significance of PAK4 in gastric cancer has yet to be fully elucidated. PAK4 expression was evaluated, and the correlations of PAK4 expression with clinicopathological features and outcomes in gastric cancer were examined.MethodsGastric adenocarcinomas obtained from 217 patients who underwent gastrectomy were analysed. PAK4 expression was evaluated using immunohistochemical staining.ResultsPAK4 overexpression was found in 95 (43.8%) of 217 tumours . High PAK4 expression was significantly correlated with clinicopathological variables related to tumour progression, including depth of invasion, metastatic lymph nodes, pathological stage, distant metastasis or recurrent disease. High PAK4 expression was significantly associated with poorer disease-specific survival (DSS) (p<0.001) and relapse-free survival (RFS) (p<0.001). On multivariable analysis, PAK4 was an independent prognostic factor for DSS (HR 2.5 (95% CI 1.4 to 4.7), p=0.003) and RFS (HR 2.8 (95% CI 1.4 to 5.6), p=0.004). Even in stage II and III disease, PAK4 was an independent prognostic factor for RFS (HR 2.2 (95% CI 1.1 to 4.5), p=0.029).ConclusionsPAK4 may become a new prognostic factor in patients with gastric cancer.
Enhancement of non-Markovianity by interference of two reservoirs
Authors: Zhang X. Y. , Huang X. L. , Yi X. X. 
Published: December 2015

We study the effect of the interference between two independent non-Markovian reservoirs on the non-Markovianity of a two-level system. We find that the interference can enhance the non-Markovianity of the system. The additive master equation (ME) is invalid even if only one of the two reservoirs is non-Markovian, while it is a good approximation when all reservoirs are Markovian. We also derive the two states uniqueness for a two-level system coupled to structured reservoirs which maximize the measure of non-Markovianity defined by Breuer et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 (2009) 210401].
Two-Dimensional Layered Materials-Based Spintronics
Authors: Su Guohui , Wu Xing , Tong Wenqi , Duan Chungang 
Published: December 2015

The recent emergence of two-dimensional (2D) layered materials — graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides — opens a new avenue for exploring the internal quantum degrees of freedom of electrons and their potential for new electronics. Here, we provide a brief review of experimental achievements concerning electrical spin injection, spin transport, graphene nanoribbons spintronics and transition metal dichalcogenides spin and pseudospins. Future research in 2D layered materials spintronics will need to address the development of applications such as spin transistors and spin logic devices, as well as exotic physical properties including pseudospins-valley phenomena in graphene and other 2D materials.
A luta pela cidadania no Brasil
Authors: Brandão Lucas Coelho 
Published: December 2015

<p>O Congresso Constituinte de 1987-1988 foi um raro momento na história nacional no qual os movimentos populares participaram de forma significativa na luta política para definir o núcleo de ordenamento jurídico da nação. Apresenta-se aqui um balanço crítico dessa mobilização, debatendo suas implicações e limitações a partir das discussões teóricas sobre o desenvolvimento da cidadania no Brasil e no mundo</p>
Cooperativismo Popular-Solidário: Estratégias de Trabalho sob a Flexibilização de Direitos
Authors: Pagotto Claudete 
Published: December 2015

<p>Desde meados dos anos 1990, o cooperativismo popular-solidário é incentivado por meio de programas sociais, com parceria de sindicatos, universidades e poder público, e tende, de modo geral, a reafirmar o sentido social do trabalho, embora faça parte de um contexto no qual a força de trabalho, com poucas qualificações, tem se submetido aos efeitos de uma grave crise do emprego. Pretende-se relacionar esse fenômeno à formulação de políticas públicas de geração de trabalho e renda, vinculada, particularmente, à concepção de economia solidária no Grande ABC Paulista, de 1997 a 2007. Objetiva-se analisar as concepções que norteiam as vertentes da economia solidária que dão sustentação à promoção do trabalho em cooperativas, como formas alternativas de organização do trabalho, para, em seguida, relacioná-las à crescente utilização de formas flexibilizadas do trabalho, nessa região, que propiciam, de um lado, a geração do aumento do trabalho informal e da precarização da condição de vida e do trabalho e, de outro, a destruição dos direitos sociais dos trabalhadores. </p>
Uma Etnografia Multissituada das Práticas Populares de Consumo
Authors: Sciré Cláudia 
Published: December 2015

<p>Este trabalho tem o objetivo de discutir um modo de fazer etnográfico realizado em uma pesquisa sobre práticas populares de consumo, desenvolvida em uma região periférica da cidade de São Paulo. Pelo acompanhamento de um artefato específico – o cartão de crédito – e das práticas que se desenrolam a partir dele, procura-se demonstrar, ao longo deste artigo, a possibilidade de construir uma análise que articule questões globais com questões próprias ao campo de observação empírica, sem cair em uma dicotomização das categorias de riqueza e pobreza, exclusão e inclusão, local e global. Assim, a análise aqui apresentada pretende contribuir com novas questões sociológicas que cruzam as fronteiras do campo etnográfico tradicional. </p>
A relação entre “dom/dívida” e direitos trabalhistas
Authors: Ferreira Laura Senna 
Published: December 2015

<p>Este artigo pretende analisar a interface entre direitos trabalhistas e a lógica do “dom” e da “dívida”, nas relações de trabalho, em um grupo de oficinas mecânicas da cidade de Pelotas-RS. Nessa perspectiva, o estudo procura reconstruir a história da legislação trabalhista, vinculada à luta dos trabalhadores, e articula a presença de tais direitos com a permanência de determinadas lógicas tradicionais, com base em laços de pessoalidade entre empregados e patrões. Tendo como referência o grupo investigado, analisa, a partir dos anos 1990, de que maneira as transformações advindas da “reestruturação produtiva” impactaram sobre essas relações e, de que forma, sob o ponto de vista dos “direitos”, tornou-se cada vez mais insuficiente a dicotomia formalinformal como representação dos arranjos contratuais e das relações de trabalho.</p>
A cultura é autônoma ou serve às elites? Um olhar sobre as abordagens sociológicas de Jeffrey Alexander e Pierre Bourdieu
Authors: Bezerra Arthur Coelho 
Published: December 2015

<p>A proposta deste artigo é analisar comparativamente as abordagens sociológicas de Pierre Bourdieu e Jeffrey Alexander, no campo da cultura, com destaque para a crítica de Alexander ao programa de Bourdieu. Considera-se que a contraposição das ideias desses dois autores pode ser bastante útil para representar duas correntes distintas presentes nas ciências sociais: de um lado, aquela que enxerga uma submissão dos bens e das práticas culturais aos interesses das classes economicamente favorecidas; do outro, a que proclama a autonomia da cultura, cuja dimensão não poderia ser reduzida à estrutura social externa.</p>
An Architecture for Virtual Worlds
Authors: Appino Perry A. , Lewis J. Bryan , Koved Lawrence , Ling Daniel T. , Rabenhorst David A. , Codella Christopher F. 
Published: December 2015

This paper presents a system architecture for creating interactive, multisensory, three-dimensional environments called virtual worlds. The architecture specifically addresses the requirements of virtual worlds for high performance, flexibility, and coordination of concurrent events. Performance is enhanced by a distributed client/server system structure and by efficient overlap of processing time and input/output delay. All processes communicate via asynchronous messages. The functional partitioning of a virtual world requires relatively low bandwidth among the individual processes and the system can be implemented over a conventional local-area network. A key element of this architecture is a central, event-driven dialogue manager that coordinates concurrent input and output events. The dialogue manager provides a clear separation of the interaction techniques from the content of the virtual world as defined by the application. The system is flexible and easily reconfigurable. An interaction technique can be readily changed or replaced because each interaction device is modularized into a separate server and each interaction modality into a separate subdialogue. Subdialogues can be loaded and dropped dynamically, enabling input/output device remapping and the selection of interaction techniques while a virtual world is running. As an initial test of this architecture we have implemented a virtual world for interacting with data from a computational fluid dynamics simulation.
A Literature Survey for Virtual Environments: Military Flight Simulator Visual Systems and Simulator Sickness
Authors: Pausch Randy , Crea Thomas , Conway Matthew 
Published: December 2015

Researchers in the field of virtual environments (VE), or virtual reality, surround a participant with synthetic stimuli, The flight simulator community, primarily in the U.S. military, has a great deal of experience with aircraft simulations, and VE researchers should be aware of the major results in this field. In this survey of the literature, we have especially focused on military literature that may be hard for traditional academics to locate via the standard journals. One of the authors of this paper is a military helicopter pilot himself, which was quite useful in obtaining access to many of our references. We concentrate on research that produces specific, measured results that apply to VE research. We assume no background other than basic knowledge of computer graphics, and explain simulator terms and concepts as necessary. This paper ends with an annotated bibliography of some harder to find research results in the field of flight simulators: • The effects of display parameters, including field-of-view and scene complexity; • The effect of lag in system response; • The effect of refresh rate in graphics update; • The existing theories on causes of simulator sickness; and • The after-effects of simulator use Many of the results we cite are contradictory. Our global observation is that with flight simulator research, like most human-computer interaction research, there are very few “correct” answers. Almost always, the answer to a specific question depends on the task the user was attempting to perform with the simulator.
Large Models for Virtual Environments: A Review of Work by the Architectural Walkthrough Project at UNC
Authors: Mine Mark R. , Weber Hans 
Published: December 2015

Oth law of model dynamics: In a finite (and usually very short) amount of time, users of a graphics system will generate a model that shall bring said system to its knees. The purpose of this paper is to discuss our experiences with the impact of megamodels on interactive virtual environments. We consider a megamodel to be any model that causes the Oth law of model dynamics to come into effect. We will demonstrate how working with megamodels quickly reveals the limitations of the graphics hardware and software being used to support the virtual environment. We will give examples, based upon our experiences on the Architectural Walkthrough Project here at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC), of the kinds of extra effort required to overcome these limitations.
An annotated checklist of the aquatic Adephaga (Coleoptera) of Egypt III. Noteridae, Haliplidae and Gyrinidae
Authors: SALAH MOHAMED , CUETO JUAN ANTONIO RÉGIL 
Published: December 2015

Data from previous literature were used to compile a checklist of the Egyptian fauna of families Noteridae, Haliplidae and Gyrinidae. A total of 17 species are cited for Egypt, distributed among 8 genera Neohydrocoptus Satô, 1972, Canthydrus Sharp, 1882 and Synchortus Sharp, 1880 (Noteridae); Haliplus Latreille, 1802 (Haliplidae); Dineutus MacLeay, 1825, Gyrinus Geoffroy, 1762, Orectochilus Dejean, 1833 and Orectogyrus Régimbart, 1884 (Gyrinidae). The checklist provides information for each recorded species on the type localities, type specimens, descriptors, distribution and previous published records. The checklist presented here provides a summary that can serve as the basis for future progress in the knowledge of these coleopteran families in Egypt.
Exploring the Tropically Excited Arctic Warming Mechanism with Station Data: Links between Tropical Convection and Arctic Downward Infrared Radiation
Authors: Flournoy Matthew D. , Feldstein Steven B. , Lee Sukyoung , Clothiaux Eugene E. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The Tropically Excited Arctic Warming (TEAM) mechanism ascribes warming of the Arctic surface to tropical convection, which excites poleward-propagating Rossby wave trains that transport water vapor and heat into the Arctic. A crucial component of the TEAM mechanism is the increase in downward infrared radiation (IR) that precedes the Arctic warming. Previous studies have examined the downward IR associated with the TEAM mechanism using reanalysis data. To corroborate previous findings, this study examines the linkage between tropical convection, Rossby wave trains, and downward IR with Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) downward IR station data. The physical processes that drive changes in the downward IR are also investigated by regressing 300-hPa geopotential height, outgoing longwave radiation, water vapor flux, ERA-Interim downward IR, and other key variables against the BSRN downward IR at Barrow, Alaska, and Ny-Ålesund, Spitsbergen.
Both the Barrow and the Ny-Ålesund station downward IR anomalies are preceded by anomalous tropical convection and poleward-propagating Rossby wave trains. The wave train associated with Barrow resembles the Pacific–North America teleconnection pattern, and that for Ny-Ålesund corresponds to a northwestern Atlantic wave train. It is found that both wave trains promote warm and moist advection from the midlatitudes into the Arctic. The resulting water vapor flux convergence, multiplied by the latent heat of vaporization, closely resembles the regressed ERA-Interim downward IR. These results suggest that the combination of warm advection, latent heat release, and increased cloudiness all contribute toward an increase in downward IR.