bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metatarsophalangeal Hyperextension Movement Pattern Related to Diabetic Forefoot Deformity
Authors: Cheuy Victor A. , Hastings Mary K. , Mueller Michael J. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

Background
Metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) hyperextension deformity is common in people with diabetic neuropathy and a known risk factor for ulceration and amputation. An MTPJ hyperextension movement pattern may contribute to the development of this acquired deformity.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to determine, in people with diabetes mellitus and peripheral neuropathy (DM+PN), the ankle and MTPJ ranges of motion that characterize an MTPJ hyperextension movement pattern and its relationship to MTPJ deformity severity. It was hypothesized that severity of MTPJ deformity would be related to limitations in maximum ankle dorsiflexion and increased MTPJ extension during active ankle dorsiflexion movement tasks.

Design
A cross-sectional study design was used that included 34 people with DM+PN (mean age=59 years, SD=9).

Methods
Computed tomography and 3-dimensional motion capture analysis were used to measure resting MTPJ angle and intersegmental foot motion during the tasks of ankle dorsiflexion and plantar flexion with the knee extended and flexed to 90 degrees, walking, and sit-to/from-stand.

Results
The MTPJ extension movement pattern during all tasks was directly correlated with severity of MTPJ deformity: maximum ankle dorsiflexion with knee extended (r=.35; 95% confidence interval [CI]=.02, .62), with knee flexed (r=.35; 95% CI=0.01, 0.61), during the swing phase of gait (r=.47; 95% CI=0.16, 0.70), during standing up (r=.48; 95% CI=0.17, 0.71), and during sitting down (r=.38; 95% CI=0.05, 0.64). All correlations were statistically significant.

Limitations
This study was cross-sectional, and causal relationships cannot be made.

Conclusions
A hyperextension MTPJ movement pattern associated with limited ankle dorsiflexion has been characterized in people with diabetic neuropathy. Increased MTPJ extension during movement and functional tasks was correlated with severity of resting MTPJ alignment. Repetition of this movement pattern could be an important factor in the etiology of MTPJ deformity and future risk of ulceration.
Effectiveness of Standardized Physical Therapy Exercises for Patients With Difficulty Returning to Usual Activities After Decompression Surgery for Subacromial Impingement Syndrome: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Christiansen David Høyrup , Frost Poul , Falla Deborah , Haahr Jens Peder , Frich Lars Henrik , Andrea Linda Christie , Svendsen Susanne Wulff 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundLittle is known about the effectiveness of exercise programs after decompression surgery for subacromial impingement syndrome. For patients with difficulty returning to usual activities, special efforts may be needed to improve shoulder function.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness at 3 and 12 months of a standardized physical therapy exercise intervention compared with usual care in patients with difficulty returning to usual activities after subacromial decompression surgery.DesignA multicenter randomized controlled trial was conducted.SettingThe study was conducted in 6 public departments of orthopedic surgery, 2 departments of occupational medicine, and 2 physical therapy training centers in Central Denmark Region.PatientsOne hundred twenty-six patients reporting difficulty returning to usual activities at the postoperative clinical follow-up 8 to 12 weeks after subacromial decompression surgery participated.InterventionA standardized exercise program consisting of physical therapist–supervised individual training sessions and home training was used.Outcome MeasuresThe primary outcome measure was the Oxford Shoulder Score. Secondary outcome measures were the Constant Score and the Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire.ResultsAt 3 and 12 months, follow-up data were obtained for 92% and 83% of the patients, respectively. Intention-to-treat analyses suggested a between-group difference on the Oxford Shoulder Score favoring the exercise group at 3 months, with an adjusted mean difference of 2.0 (95% confidence interval=−0.5, 4.6), and at 12 months, with an adjusted mean difference of 5.8 (95% confidence interval=2.8, 8.9). Significantly larger improvements for the exercise group were observed for most secondary and supplementary outcome measures.LimitationsThe nature of the exercise intervention did not allow blinding of patients and care providers.ConclusionThe standardized physical therapy exercise intervention resulted in statistically significant and clinically relevant improvement in shoulder pain and function at 12 months compared with usual care.
Deformation and damage behavior of lightweight steels at high rate multiaxial loading
Authors: Klitschke Silke , Böhme Wolfgang 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
For the characterization of the deformation and damage behavior of the automotive lightweight steels ZStE340 and DP1000, high speed tension tests for various stress triaxialities with shear tensile specimens, smooth tensile specimens and notched specimens and static and dynamic Nakajima tests were performed. The deformation up to failure was recorded using high speed video cameras with high resolution in the necking zone and evaluated with 2D and in part 3D digital image correlation (DIC). The maximal achieved effective strain at the location of failure, determined by video analysis and fractography, was specified as failure strain. The results for various specimen geometries were plotted versus stress triaxiality as determined by FE simulation in order to receive failure diagrams. Overall, both materials show descending failure curves from shear loading up to tensile loading of notched specimens. Up to equibiaxial tension, failure curves are rising again. For uniaxial and equibiaxial tension, with increasing strain rate larger failure strains occured for DP1000, while no significant influence of strain rate on failure strain was observed for ZStE340. However, under shear loading with increasing strain rate, decreasing failure strains occur for both materials. This is probably due to an adiabatic temperature rise in a small localized zone which promotes shear failure. For shear crash tests a temperature rise of more than 200 K was measured by a high speed infrared camera. These results show the necessity of dynamic tests under different stress triaxialities to provide reliable input data for crash simulations and increase the ability to accurately predict failure. Especially shear failure must be investigated very carefully under crash loading, because here failure occurs at smaller failure strains than it would be expected under quasistatic loading.
Surface roughness of Ti6Al4V after heat treatment evaluated by artificial neural networks
Authors: Altuğ Mehmet , Erdem Mehmet , Ozay Cetin , Bozkır Oguz 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The study examines how, using wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM), the microstructural, mechanical and conductivity characteristics of the titanium alloy Ti6Al4V are changed as a result of heat treatment and the effect they have on machinability.Scanning electron microscope (SEM), optical microscope and X-ray diffraction (XRD) examinations were performed to determine various characteristics and additionally related microhardness and conductivity measurements were conducted. L18 Taquchi test design was performed with three levels and six different parameters to determine the effect of such alterations on its machinability using WEDM and post-processing surface roughness (Ra) values were determined. Micro-changes were ensured successfully by using heat treatments. Results obtained with the optimization technique of artificial neural network (ANN) presented minimum surface roughness. Values obtained by using response surface method along with this equation were completely comparable with those achieved in the experiments. The best surface roughness value was obtained from sample D which had a tempered martensite structure.
Investigation of deep-drilled micro-hole profiles in Hadfield steel
Authors: Yılmaz Volkan , Sarıkaya Murat , Dilipak Hakan 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Hadfield steel, due to its high manganese content, is difficult to drill and work-hardens very quickly. In this study, Hadfield steel material was drilled with micro-size deep holes using the electrical discharge machining (EDM) technique, and hole diameter values were examined for specific machining parameters. Experiments were carried out with three different discharge currents (6, 12 and 24 A), three different electrode rotational speeds (200, 400 and 600 rev × min-1), three different pulse durations (12, 50 and 100 µs), a fixed dielectric spray pressure (40 bars) and a fixed pulse interval (3 µs). It was determined that the hole profiles obtained following the tests are directly related to the machining parameters, and that the resulting average overcut (AOC) and taper (Tp) values increased with discharge current, electrode rotational speed and pulse duration. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) conducted demonstrates that pulse duration is the dominant parameter affecting AOC, whereas pulse duration has the highest effect on Tp. When determination coefficients and normal probability plots were compared for the mathematical models obtained from analyses conducted for the prediction of test values, it was observed that the models obtained by quadratic regression analysis exhibited a better performance than the models produced by linear regression analysis.
Performance of non-asbestos organic brake liners for light motor vehicles
Authors: Natarajan M. P. , Rajmohan B. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
In the present work, a measurement system has been designed and developed to measure friction and wear for two wheeler brake liners. Non-asbestos organic brake liners were evaluated regarding friction and wear by pressing against aluminum alloy brake drum. Each brake liner was subjected to four different applied loads (400, 500, 600 and 700 N) with six different braking times (2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 minutes). The velocity of the brake drum was fixed at 1000 rpm for all test conditions. The drum temperature was measured by a thermocouple embedded in the brake drum and coupled with programmable logic controller (PLC) to record the temperatures of brake drum during braking. Test results obtained from the friction test were drum temperature (°C), friction coefficient (μ) and wear volume (cm3). From the test results, it was concluded that the increase of friction coefficient at the beginning of braking is due to the sharp edges such as zircon being ploughed onto the wear surfaces and also due to the increase in the contact area of the brake drum. The wear volume increased exponentially for the applied load more than 600 N and braking time more than 4 minutes. Below the applied load of 600 N, the wear volume increased linearly. The degradation of the organic components in the composition increased with temperature and this resulted in the reduction of composition bonding between the powders and structure integrity, thus increasing wear exponentially.
Nurturing Future Generations: Household Food Practices of Canadian Children and Family Meal Participation
Authors: Slater Joyce , Mudryj Adriana N. 
Published: February 2016

Purpose: Food knowledge and skills appear to have declined in the general population over recent decades and may be contributing to negative outcomes and poor nutritional health. It is pertinent to observe the food skills and habits of Canadians, particularly Canadian youth. Methods: Data from the Canadian Community Health Survey 2013 Rapid Response on Food Skills (n = 10 098) were used to examine the involvement of children in food preparation processes by identifying and describing the role of children in meal preparation as well as the practice of family meals. Variables were examined to assess differentiations between socio-demographic groupings (marital status, education, and income). Results: Results indicate a moderate to high level of child participation in Canadian household food-related activities, with two-thirds of households with children having children involved in choosing meals and grocery shopping and one-third of children helping with meal preparation. Some differences were observed between region, education level, and Aboriginal and immigration status. Seventy-five percent of respondents participated in family meals. Conclusions: Data from this study contribute to the current discussion regarding loss of food skills and the significance of family meals on social and health indicators. Results suggest a range of interventions for dietitians including improving the quality of foods prepared at home and campaigns to promote family meals.
School Gardens: Cultivating Food Security in Nova Scotia Public Schools?
Authors: Carlsson Liesel , Williams Patricia L. , Hayes-Conroy Jessica S. , Lordly Daphne , Callaghan Edith 
Published: February 2016

Purpose: A small but growing body of peer-reviewed research suggests that school gardens can play a role in building community food security (CFS); however, to date little research exploring the role of school gardens in supporting CFS is available. This paper begins to address this gap in the literature. Methods: A qualitative, exploratory, single-case study design was used. The focus of this case study was the school food garden at an elementary school in the River Valley, Nova Scotia, school community. Results: Results provide useful information about potential CFS effects of school gardens in addition to the environmental effects on school gardens important to their effectiveness as CFS tools. Findings suggest children gained food-related knowledge, skills, and values that support long-term CFS. A local social and political landscape at the community, provincial, and school board level were key to strengthening this garden’s contributions to CFS. Conclusions: We support Dietitians of Canada’s nomination of school gardens as an indicator of CFS with theoretical and practical evidence, underscore the importance of a supportive environment, and need for further research in this area. Health professionals and community organizations provide critical support, helping to weave gardens into a greater movement towards building CFS.
Intraoperative MRI–guided resection of focal cortical dysplasia in pediatric patients: technique and outcomes
Authors: Sacino Matthew F. , Ho Cheng-Ying , Murnick Jonathan , Tsuchida Tammy , Magge Suresh N. , Keating Robert F. , Gaillard William D. , Oluigbo Chima O. 
Published: February 2016

OBJECTIVE
Previous meta-analysis has demonstrated that the most important factor in seizure freedom following surgery for focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is completeness of resection. However, intraoperative detection of epileptogenic dysplastic cortical tissue remains a challenge, potentially leading to a partial resection and the need for reoperation. The objective of this study was to determine the role of intraoperative MRI (iMRI) in the intraoperative detection and localization of FCD as well as its impact on surgical decision making, completeness of resection, and seizure control outcomes.

METHODS
The authors retrospectively reviewed the medical records of pediatric patients who underwent iMRI-assisted resection of FCD at the Children's National Health System between January 2014 and April 2015. Data reviewed included demographics, length of surgery, details of iMRI acquisition, postoperative seizure freedom, and complications. Postsurgical seizure outcome was assessed utilizing the Engel Epilepsy Surgery Outcome Scale.

RESULTS
Twelve consecutive pediatric patients (8 females and 4 males) underwent iMRI-guided resection of FCD lesions. The mean age at the time of surgery was 8.8 years ± 1.6 years (range 0.7 to 18.8 years), and the mean duration of follow up was 3.5 months ± 1.0 month. The mean age at seizure onset was 2.8 years ± 1.0 year (range birth to 9.0 years). Two patients had Type 1 FCD, 5 patients had Type 2A FCD, 2 patients had Type 2B FCD, and 3 patients had FCD of undetermined classification. iMRI findings impacted intraoperative surgical decision making in 5 (42%) of the 12 patients, who then underwent further exploration of the resection cavity. At the time of the last postoperative follow-up, 11 (92%) of the 12 patients were seizure free (Engel Class I). No patients underwent reoperation following iMRI-guided surgery.

CONCLUSIONS
iMRI-guided resection of FCD in pediatric patients precluded the need for repeat surgery. Furthermore, it resulted in the achievement of complete resection in all the patients, leading to a high rate of postoperative seizure freedom.
Intraoperative electrocorticography for physiological research in movement disorders: principles and experience in 200 cases
Authors: Panov Fedor , Levin Emily , de Hemptinne Coralie , Swann Nicole C. , Qasim Salman , Miocinovic Svjetlana , Ostrem Jill L. , Starr Philip A. 
Published: February 2016

OBJECTIVE
Contemporary theories of the pathophysiology of movement disorders emphasize abnormal oscillatory activity in basal ganglia-thalamocortical loops, but these have been studied in humans mainly using depth recordings. Recording from the surface of the cortex using electrocorticography (ECoG) provides a much higher amplitude signal than depth recordings, is less susceptible to deep brain stimulation (DBS) artifacts, and yields a surrogate measure of population spiking via “broadband gamma” (50–200 Hz) activity. Therefore, a technical approach to movement disorders surgery was developed that employs intraoperative ECoG as a research tool.

METHODS
One hundred eighty-eight patients undergoing DBS for the treatment of movement disorders were studied under an institutional review board–approved protocol. Through the standard bur hole exposure that is clinically indicated for DBS lead insertion, a strip electrode (6 or 28 contacts) was inserted to cover the primary motor or prefrontal cortical areas. Localization was confirmed by the reversal of the somatosensory evoked potential and intraoperative CT or 2D fluoroscopy. The ECoG potentials were recorded at rest and during a variety of tasks and analyzed offline in the frequency domain, focusing on activity between 3 and 200 Hz. Strips were removed prior to closure. Postoperative MRI was inspected for edema, signal change, or hematoma that could be related to the placement of the ECoG strip.

RESULTS
One hundred ninety-eight (99%) strips were successfully placed. Two ECoG placements were aborted due to resistance during the attempted passage of the electrode. Perioperative surgical complications occurred in 8 patients, including 5 hardware infections, 1 delayed chronic subdural hematoma requiring evacuation, 1 intraparenchymal hematoma, and 1 venous infarction distant from the site of the recording. None of these appeared to be directly related to the use of ECoG.

CONCLUSIONS
Intraoperative ECoG has long been used in neurosurgery for functional mapping and localization of seizure foci. As applied during DBS surgery, it has become an important research tool for understanding the brain networks in movement disorders and the mechanisms of therapeutic stimulation. In experienced hands, the technique appears to add minimal risk to surgery.
A DIRECT LINKAGE BETWEEN AGN OUTFLOWS IN THE NARROW-LINE REGIONS AND THE X-RAY EMISSION FROM THE ACCRETION DISKS
Authors: Wang J. , Xu D. W. , Wei J. Y. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
The origin of outflow in the narrow-line region (NLR) of the active galactic nucleus (AGN) is studied in this paper by focusing on the relationship between the [O iii]λ5007 line profile and the hard-X-ray (in a bandpass of 2–10 keV) emission from the central super-massive black hole (SMBH) in type-I AGNs. A sample of 47 local X-ray selected type-I AGNs at

is extracted from the 2XMMi/SDSS-DR7 catalog, which was originally cross-matched by Pineau et al. The X-ray luminosities in an energy band from 2 to 10 keV of these luminous AGNs range from 1042 to

. A joint spectral analysis is performed on their optical and X-ray spectra, in which the [O iii] line profile is modeled by a sum of several Gaussian functions to quantify its deviation from a pure Gaussian function. The statistics allow us to identify a moderate correlation with a significance level of 2.78σ: luminous AGNs with stronger [O iii] blue asymmetry tend to have steeper hard-X-ray spectra. By identifying the role of

on the correlation at a 2–3σ significance level in both direct and indirect ways, we argue that the photon index versus the asymmetry correlation provides evidence that the AGN’s outflow commonly observed in its NLR is related to the accretion process occurring around the central SMBH, which favors the wind/radiation model as the origin of the outflow in luminous AGNs.
DETAILED CHEMICAL ABUNDANCES IN THE r-PROCESS-RICH ULTRA-FAINT DWARF GALAXY RETICULUM 2*
Authors: Roederer Ian U. , Mateo Mario , III John I. Bailey , Song Yingyi , Bell Eric F. , Crane Jeffrey D. , Loebman Sarah , Nidever David L. , Olszewski Edward W. , Shectman Stephen A. , Thompson Ian B. , Valluri Monica , Walker Matthew G. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
The ultra-faint dwarf (UFD) galaxy Reticulum 2 (Ret 2) was recently discovered in images obtained by the Dark Energy Survey. We have observed the four brightest red giants in Ret 2 at high spectral resolution using the Michigan/Magellan Fiber System. We present detailed abundances for as many as 20 elements per star, including 12 elements heavier than the Fe group. We confirm previous detection of high levels of r-process material in Ret 2 (mean [Eu/Fe] = +1.69 ± 0.05) found in three of these stars (mean [Fe/H] = −2.88 ± 0.10). The abundances closely match the r-process pattern found in the well-studied metal-poor halo star CS 22892–052. Such r-process-enhanced stars have not been found in any other UFD galaxy, though their existence has been predicted by at least one model. The fourth star in Ret 2 ([Fe/H] = −3.42 ± 0.20) contains only trace amounts of Sr ([Sr/Fe] = −1.73 ± 0.43) and no detectable heavier elements. One r-process enhanced star is also enhanced in C (natal [C/Fe] ≈ +1.1). This is only the third such star known, which suggests that the nucleosynthesis sites leading to C and r-process enhancements are decoupled. The r-process-deficient star is enhanced in Mg ([Mg/Fe] = +0.81 ± 0.14), and the other three stars show normal levels of α-enhancement (mean [Mg/Fe] = +0.34 ± 0.03). The abundances of other α and Fe-group elements closely resemble those in UFD galaxies and metal-poor halo stars, suggesting that the nucleosynthesis that led to the large r-process enhancements either produced no light elements or produced light-element abundance signatures indistinguishable from normal supernovae.