bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost‐Effective, High‐Performance Porous‐Organic‐Polymer Conductors Functionalized with Sulfonic Acid Groups by Direct Postsynthetic Substitution
Authors: Kang Dong Won , Lim Kwang Soo , Lee Kyung Jin , Lee Jong Hyeon , Lee Woo Ram , Song Jeong Hwa , Yeom Kyu Hyun , Kim Jin Young , Hong Chang Seop 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe demonstrate the facile microwave‐assisted synthesis of a porous organic framework 1 and the sulfonated solid (1S) through postsubstitution. Remarkably, the conductivity of 1S showed an approximately 300‐fold enhancement at 30 °C as compared to that of 1, and reached 7.72×10−2 S cm−1 at 80 °C and 90 % relative humidity. The superprotonic conductivity exceeds that observed for any conductive porous organic polymer reported to date. This material, which is cost‐effective and scalable for mass production, also revealed long‐term performance over more than 3 months without conductivity decay.
Morphology, crystalline features, and tensile properties of syndiotactic polypropylene blends
Authors: Truong Le Thuy , Larsen Åge G. , Roots Jaan 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTSyndiotactic polypropylene (sPP) was modified with ethylene–octene copolymer (EOC) and ethylene–propylene rubber (EPR), with test samples prepared in a twin‐screw extruder and then injection‐molded. The phase morphology, rheology, and thermal and tensile properties of the modified sPP were investigated. Atomic force microscopy studies showed how the phase morphology of the sPP blends with elastomers depended on the blend compositions, and the results compared with the storage modulus at low frequency. EOC and EPR were dispersed phase in an sPP matrix with spherical shapes when the dispersed content was 20 wt % or lower. The phase cocontinuity started around 40 wt % EOC for the sPP–EOC blends and around 60 wt % EPR for the sPP–EPR. The dispersed phase then formed more complex elongated shapes. The rheological and thermal properties were affected by the sPP–elastomer interphase. EOC promoted the crystallization of sPP; this increased the crystallization temperature and rate. In contrast, EPR had the opposite effect on the crystallization behavior, and the results indicate that sPP and EPR were not completely separated. The tensile properties were studied from −20 to 100 °C. We found that the tensile properties at low temperature could be improved without a loss in high‐temperature properties. In the particular case of 20 wt % EOC, both the strain at yield and strain at break of the sPP–EOC blend were improved at both −20 and 100 °C. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44611.
Comparisons of the rheological behaviors of polypropylene and polymethyl methacrylate in a capillary die
Authors: Meng Limin , Wu Daming , Kelly Adrian , Woodhead Mike , Liu Ying 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTIn this study, the rheological characteristics of polypropylene (PP) melt at 210, 220, and 230 °C and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) melt at 230, 240, and 250 °C in a micro die were investigated. The experiments were performed over a shear rate range of 3 × 102 to 5 × 103 s−1 using an advanced twin‐bore capillary rheometer. Dies with diameters of 1.0, 0.5, and 0.25 mm were used. The results indicated that the geometric dependences of the PP and PMMA viscosities were not identical at different shear rates and temperatures and that the micro size effect had a profound influence on the PP viscosity. The analysis demonstrated that the variations in the shear viscosity of the PP and PMMA melts in the micro die were partially attributed to the contribution of the pressure applied to the polymer melts. Additionally, the effect of wall slip on the PP and PMMA viscosities in the tested dies was investigated based on the modified Mooney method. The results implied that wall slip easily occurred in the PP melt flowing through the 0.25 mm die at 210 °C due to the distinct size effect. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44617.
Surface and degradation properties of thermoplastic blends from albumin and zein‐based plastics
Authors: Jones Alexander , Sharma Suraj 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTThe use of traditional petroleum‐based thermoplastics in food packaging applications pose an environmental hazard, as their lack of biodegradability creates waste that environmental systems are unable to cope with. To address this issue, the investigation of surface, biodegradation, and water solubility properties of the albumin and zein thermoplastic blends plasticized with glycerol and mixed with varying amounts of low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) is conducted. When subjected to soil burial, albumin as a bioplastic completely biodegrades within two months, while a zein‐based bioplastic is more resilient to attacks from microbes within the soil (4.34% of intial mass remains). If albumin and zein proteins are used in the production of thermoplastics in tandem with LDPE, it could be possible to produce a plastic that will naturally biodegrade over time, decreasing the environmental impact of the use of thermoplastics in medical and food packaging applications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44646.
Historical ecology of Ofu Island revisited: new data for an island‐wide model
Authors: QUINTUS SETH , CLARK JEFFREY T. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTCase studies offer an opportunity to examine and highlight relationships among variables in a way that cannot be done through broad comparison. Ofu Island has served as one such case study for understanding human–environment relationships. Here, we use three decades of archaeological investigations – past work of others as well as our own recent research – to formulate a revised model of the historical ecology of the island. We argue that Ofu still holds important clues to understanding the complexity of human–environment relationships, chiefly serving to illustrate the structuring effects of environmental history.
Geophysical Research at the Prepoštská Cave and Čertova Pec Cave Neanderthal Sites (Western Slovakia)
Authors: Putiška René , Sabol Martin , Kušnirák Dávid , Dostál Ivan 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe sedimentary filling of two Slovak Neanderthal sites – the Prepoštská Cave near Prievidza (Micoquian) and the Čertova Pec Cave near Radošina (Szeletian, Mousterian) was investigated, while archaeological and palaeontological studies have shown these caves are very important sites from the viewpoint of the ancient man settlements. No geophysical research had previously been conducted here, therefore ground penetrating radar (GPR) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) geophysical methods were applied in order to expose its depths for future archaeological and palaeontological field campaigns. The GPR survey at the Prepoštská Cave revealed a disrupted zone in the southwest (SW) corner of the investigate area, encapsulated in travertine surrounding the bedrock layer identified at a depth between 0.4 to 2.4 m. This discovered zone is assumed to be an undocumented recent excavation zone. The combined ERT and GPR survey also identified at the Čertova Pec Cave, aside from some main structures (large limestone blocks, loamy‐clayey sediment in the central part and debris), intact cave sediments, deposited under the debris filling and large limestone block, located at approximately 2 m depth in the back part of the cave, close to its northeast (NE) entrance. These unconsolidated intact deposits represent the lower part of the Mousterian horizon. Thus, the geophysical survey supported previous hypotheses on the assumed existence of deeper layers with potential archaeological and/or palaeontological content, which have since been spatially defined. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Acquisition of offshore engineering design skills on naval architecture master courses through potential flow CFD tools
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Romero José E. , Zamora‐Parra Blas , Esteve‐Pérez Jerónimo A. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a teaching–learning methodology focused on the acquisition of basic design principles in offshore engineering for a course entitled Projects in Offshore Maritime Structures, in a Master of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering. A new teaching procedure (including the Project‐Based Learning approach), is proposed, for ensuring that students acquire skills related to the ability of analyzing and designing ocean structures. The roles of the Information and Communication Technologies, Computational Fluid Dynamics, potential flow methods and structural analysis are some specific features of the proposed methodology. The method increases the satisfaction of the students in a significant manner, and opens their fields in research and development on offshore engineering. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 25:48–61, 2017; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21778
General practice consultations, diagnostic investigations, and prescriptions in the year preceding a lung cancer diagnosis
Authors: Guldbrandt Louise M. , Møller Henrik , Jakobsen Erik , Vedsted Peter 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPatterns of general practice utilization in the period before lung cancer (LC) diagnosis may provide new knowledge to ensure timelier and earlier diagnosis of LC. This study aimed to explore the prediagnostic activity in general practice in the year preceding LC diagnosis. The activity was compared to a matched comparison group. We compared LC patients with different stage, and patients with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Using Danish registers, we performed a population‐based matched cohort study including lung cancer patients (n = 34,017) and matched comparison subjects (n = 340,170). During months 12 to 1 prior to diagnosis, 92.6% of LC patients and 88.4% of comparison subjects had one or more contacts with general practice. 13.0% of LC patients and 3.3% of comparison subjects had two or more X‐rays. 20.8% of LC patients and 8.5% of comparison subjects had two or more first‐time antibiotics prescriptions. The incidence rate ratio for having a contact to general practice was similar for LC patients with localized disease compared to LC patients with metastatic disease. LC patients with COPD had more frequent contacts, lung functions tests, X‐rays, and prescriptions than COPD patients without lung cancer, but not as pronounced as compared to patients without COPD. There was a significant increase in healthcare seeking and diagnostic activity in the year prior to a LC diagnosis, regardless of stage at diagnosis. COPD may mask the symptoms of LC. This indicates the presence of a “diagnostic time window” and a potential for more timely diagnosis of LC based on clinical signs and symptoms.
New Amino‐Acid‐Based β‐Phosphorylated Nitroxides for Probing Acidic pH in Biological Systems by EPR Spectroscopy
Authors: Thétiot‐Laurent Sophie , Gosset Gaëlle , Clément Jean‐Louis , Cassien Mathieu , Mercier Anne , Siri Didier , Gaudel‐Siri Anouk , Rockenbauer Antal , Culcasi Marcel , Pietri Sylvia 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThere is increasing interest in measuring pH in biological samples by using nitroxides with pH‐dependent electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra. Aiming to improve the spectral sensitivity (ΔaX) of these probes (i.e., the difference between the EPR hyperfine splitting (hfs) in their protonated and unprotonated forms), we characterized a series of novel linear α‐carboxy, α′‐diethoxyphosphoryl nitroxides constructed on an amino acid core and featuring an (α or α′)‐C−H bond. In buffer, the three main hfs (aN, aH, and aP) of their EPR spectra vary reversibly with pH and, from aP or aH titration curves, a two‐ to fourfold increase in sensitivity was achieved compared to reference imidazoline or imidazolidine nitroxides. The crystallized carboxylate 10 b (pKa ≈3.6), which demonstrated low cytotoxicity and good resistance to bioreduction, was applied to probe stomach acidity in rats. The results pave the way to a novel generation of highly sensitive EPR pH markers.
Multivariate Modeling of a Chemical Toner Manufacturing Process
Authors: Khorami Hassan , Fgaier Hedia , Elkamel Ali , Biglari Mazda , Chen Baoling 
Published: November 2016

AbstractModeling, optimization, process monitoring, and product development in a toner process using multiway principal component analysis and multiway partial least square method is described. Process measurements and product quality values of past successful batches were collected in a data matrix and preprocessed through time alignment, centering, and scaling. Following the identification of latent variables, an empirical model was built through a fourfold cross validation that can represent the operation of a successful batch. The prepared model provided a realistic prediction of process behavior, realistically represented the operation of the industrial unit, and is mathematically simple enough to be used in online optimization and for automatic control strategies of selected abnormal batches.
Pulsatile Jet Cleaning of Filter Cloths Contaminated with Yeast Cells
Authors: Werner Roman , Bollwein Bernadette , Petersen Roman , Tippmann Johannes , Becker Thomas 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe cleaning of filter cloths is necessary to avoid prolonged system downtime and strong fouling. Reliable cleaning concepts are central to the removal of residues from the complex surface of filter cloths. Particle residues, in particular, play a decisive role in the sufficiency of the cleaning performance. Consequently, enhanced particle‐removal cleaning concepts based on pulsatile jets for filter cloths have been developed. By varying the cleaning parameters, it has been demonstrated that increased pulse numbers and velocities improve the cleaning performance. Furthermore, this promising cleaning concept cleaned more effectively than conventional methods. The reduction in the amount of detergent needed is an ecological and economic advantage of pulsatile cleaning.
Determination of Input Parameters for Crude‐Oil Fouling Using an Integrated Non‐Parametric Method
Authors: Forstenhäusler Marc , Mirsadraee Alireza , Malayeri M. Reza 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAn integrated, non‐parametric model has been proposed based on neural networks and partial derivatives (PaD) to determine the influence of the operating parameters during crude‐oil fouling. The input parameters included surface and bulk temperatures, fluid velocity, colloidal instability index, and surface substrate, whereas the output was the initial fouling rate. The PaD method was used to slightly change an input while the others were kept constant. The input that changed the output most had the highest impact on the objective output, i.e., the initial fouling rate. This method identified the surface temperature as the most dominant parameter. This indicates that crude‐oil fouling dominantly resulted from chemical reactions due to asphaltene instability.
Palladium Nanoparticles Encapsulated in Hollow Titanosilicate Spheres as an Ideal Nanoreactor for One‐pot Oxidation
Authors: Kuwahara Yasutaka , Ando Takahiro , Kango Hiroto , Yamashita Hiromi 
Published: November 2016

AbstractOne‐pot reaction involving Pd‐catalyzed H2O2 production from H2 and O2 and Ti‐catalyzed successive oxidation with H2O2 in a single reaction vessel is an alluring strategy for the synthesis of targeted chemicals in terms of sustainability and economic competitiveness. In this study, a yolk–shell nanostructured catalyst, consisting of Pd nanoparticles (NPs) with core diameter ca. 4.0 nm and a porous titanosilicate shell of ca. 15 nm thickness, was fabricated by using an oil‐in‐water (O/W) microemulsion‐based interfacial self‐assembly approach. Compared with prototype titanosilicate‐supported Pd NP catalysts and core–shell structured analogues, the yolk–shell nanostructured catalyst exhibited superior catalytic efficiency in the one‐pot oxidation reaction of sulfides with 83 % H2O2 utilization efficiency, because of the productive effect of the titanosilicate shell in limiting the diffusion of H2O2 generated in situ over the encapsulated Pd NPs and the efficient access of the H2O2 to the neighboring active Ti sites. This study provides promising avenues for the development of multifunctional nanostructured catalysts that are useful for one‐pot reactions.
Development of a Nucleotide Exchange Inhibitor That Impairs Ras Oncogenic Signaling
Authors: Marín‐Ramos Nagore I. , Piñar Carmen , Vázquez‐Villa Henar , Martín‐Fontecha Mar , González Ángel , Canales Ángeles , Algar Sergio , Mayo Paloma P. , Jiménez‐Barbero Jesús , Gajate Consuelo , Mollinedo Faustino , Pardo Leonardo , Ortega‐Gutiérrez Silvia , Viso Alma , López‐Rodríguez María L. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractDespite more than three decades of intense effort, no anti‐Ras therapies have reached clinical application. Contributing to this failure has been an underestimation of Ras complexity and a dearth of structural information. In this regard, recent studies have revealed the highly dynamic character of the Ras surface and the existence of transient pockets suitable for small‐molecule binding, opening up new possibilities for the development of Ras modulators. Herein, a novel Ras inhibitor (compound 12) is described that selectively impairs mutated Ras activity in a reversible manner without significantly affecting wild‐type Ras, reduces the Ras–guanosine triphosphate (GTP) levels, inhibits the activation of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, and exhibits remarkable cytotoxic activity in Ras‐driven cellular models. The use of molecular dynamics simulations and NMR spectroscopy experiments has enabled the molecular bases responsible for the interactions between compound 12 and Ras protein to be explored. The new Ras inhibitor binds partially to the GTP‐binding region and extends into the adjacent hydrophobic pocket delimited by switch II. Hence, Ras inhibitor 12 could represent a new compound for the development of more efficacious drugs to target Ras‐driven cancers; a currently unmet clinical need.
Effect of corporate governance on default risk in financial versus nonfinancial firms: Canadian evidence
Authors: Switzer Lorne N. , Wang Jun , Zhang Yajing 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis paper investigates the influence of corporate governance variables on default risk of Canadian firms after the 2008 financial crisis. We provide evidence that important governance mechanisms have differential impacts between Canadian financial and nonfinancial firms. Ownership structure, (e.g., institutional ownership and insider ownership), has a significant impact on the default risk of financial firms but not on nonfinancial firms. Nonfinancial firms with more independent boards are associated with lower default risk, while financial firms with larger boards and more independent boards have higher default risk. In addition, although cross‐listing in the US reduces the default risk for Canadian nonfinancial firms, it actually increases the risk for Canadian financial firms during the postcrisis period. Copyright © 2016 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pd catalyst supported on ZrO2‐Al2O3 by double‐solvent method for methane oxidation under lean conditions
Authors: Li Guangxia , Hu Wei , Huang Fujin , Chen Jianjun , Gong MaoChu , Yuan Shandong , Chen Yaoqiang , Zhong Lin 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe Pd catalyst supported on the Zr0.5Al0.5O1.75 composite material was prepared by the conventional impregnation and double solvent impregnation method. The effects of preparation method on the catalytic properties of the Pd/Zr0.5Al0.5O1.75 catalyst for methane combustion have been investigated systematically. The measurement was evaluated in a multiple fixed‐bed continuous flow micro‐reactor by passing a gas mixture simulating the exhaust emissions from lean‐burn natural gas vehicles. The as‐prepared catalysts were characterized by CO chemical adsorption, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), hydrogen‐temperature programmed reduction (H2‐TPR),and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements. The results of TEM and CO chemisorption showed that the introduction of double solvent during the preparation of Pd/Zr0.5Al0.5O1.75 was beneficial for the dispersion of Pd nanoparticles and obtained superior resistance to the sintering of Pd on the surface of Zr0.5Al0.5O1.75. The H2‐TPR measurements demonstrated that the double solvent method increased the reducibility of the Pd catalyst. The XPS results further indicated that more active surface oxygen species also can be formed on the catalyst prepared via double solvent process. Thus, this catalyst exhibited better catalytic performance and hydrothermal aging resistance in the methane oxidation compared to its analogues with the same Pd content prepared by the conventional impregnation method.
A novel modelling approach to energy transport in a respiratory system
Authors: Nithiarasu Perumal , Sazonov Igor 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn this paper, energy transport in a respiratory tract is modelled using the finite element method for the first time. The upper and lower respiratory tracts are approximated as a 1‐dimensional domain with varying cross‐sectional and surface areas, and the radial heat conduction in the tissue is approximated using the 1‐dimensional cylindrical coordinate system. The governing equations are solved using 1‐dimensional linear finite elements with convective and evaporative boundary conditions on the wall. The results obtained for the exhalation temperature of the respiratory system have been compared with the available animal experiments. The study of a full breathing cycle indicates that evaporation is the main mode of heat transfer, and convection plays almost negligible role in the energy transport. This is in‐line with the results obtained from animal experiments.
Aza‐BODIPY Derivatives Containing BF(CN) and B(CN)2 Moieties
Authors: Li Tian‐yi , Ma Zaifei , Qiao Zhi , Körner Christian , Vandewal Koen , Zeika Olaf , Leo Karl 
Published: November 2016

AbstractTwo novel aza‐BODIPY derivatives are synthesized, with the fluorine atoms in the BF2 moiety replaced by cyano groups. The introduction of cyano groups changes the phenyl substituents on the 3,5 positions from parallel to antiparallel. The HOMO/LUMO energy levels are stabilized gradually upon increasing the number of cyano groups, and the photophysical properties show corresponding shifts. With high thermal stability, the derivatives can be purified by sublimation and used to prepare vacuum‐deposited thin films. This research extends the aza‐BODIPY family with cyano‐substituted derivatives.