bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CNS prophylaxis in large B‐cell lymphomas: A balance with three pans
Authors: Calimeri Teresa , Ferreri Andrés J. M. 
Published: September 2024

Given the significant limitations of available literature, central nervous system (CNS) prophylaxis in large B‐cell lymphomas remains debatable. Wilson and colleagues provide cautious recommendations, on a case‐by‐case basis, useful to guide discussion with individual patient. In daily practice, CNS relapse risk, prophylaxis safety and prognosis of CNS recurrence must be considered.Commentary on: Wilson et al. Central nervous system prophylaxis in large B‐cell lymphoma: A British Society for Haematology Good Practice Paper. Br J Haematol 2024; 205:2198‐2205.
Sediment flux variation as a record of climate change in the Late Quaternary deep‐water active Corinth Rift, Greece
Authors: Mohamed Mohamed A. , Collier Richard E. L. , Hodgson David M. , Gawthorpe Rob L. , Shillington Donna J. , Muravchik Martin , Sakellariou Dimitris 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe value of deep‐water sedimentary successions as reliable records of environmental change has been questioned due to their long response times and sediment pathways leading to complex responses to climatic change and tectonic signals over differing timescales. We studied the Gulf of Corinth, Greece, to test the value of deep‐water stratigraphic successions as records of external controls on sediment flux in a setting with short response times and transport distances. The confinement of the rift basin allows for a near‐complete accounting of clastic sediment volumes. The recent acquisition of high‐resolution seismic reflection data, utilisation of International Ocean Discovery Programme Expedition 381 cores and a robust chronological framework, enable evaluation of the stratigraphy at a high temporal resolution. Combining borehole and high‐resolution seismic reflection data, distinct seismic units can be correlated to multiple paleoenvironmental proxies, permitting quantification of sediment flux variation across successive glacial–interglacial cycles at ca. 10 kyr temporal resolution. Trends in average sediment flux since ca. 242 ka show ca. 2–9 times greater sediment flux in cooler glacials compared to warmer interglacial conditions. The Holocene is an exception to low sediment flux for the interglacials, with ca. 5 times higher rates than previous interglacials. The short and steep configuration of the Sythas canyon and its fan at the base of an active submarine normal fault results in deep‐sea deposition at all sea‐level stands. In contrast, adjacent canyon systems shut down during warm intervals. When combined with palynology, results show that periods of distinct vegetation re‐organisation correlate to sediment flux changes. The temporal correlation of sediment flux to palynology in the Gulf of Corinth over the last ca. 242 kyr is evidence that variability of sediment supply is largely governed by climate‐related changes in hinterland catchments, with sea‐level and tectonics being second‐order controls on sediment flux variability.
Kinematics of rift linkage between the Eastern and Ethiopian rifts in the Turkana Depression, Africa
Authors: Sullivan Garrett , Ebinger C. J. , Musila M. , Perry Mason , Kraus E. R. , Bastow Ian , Bendick Becks 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRift initiation within cold, thick, strong lithosphere and the evolving linkage to form a contiguous plate boundary remains debated in part owing to the lack of time–space constraints on kinematics of basement‐involved faults. Different rift sectors initiate diachronously and may eventually link to produce a jigsaw spatial pattern, as in the East African rift, and along the Atlantic Ocean margins. The space–time distribution of earthquakes illuminates the geometry and kinematics of fault zones within the crystalline crust, as well as areas with pressurized magma bodies. We use seismicity and Global Navigation System Satellites (GNSS) data from the Turkana Rift Array Investigating Lithospheric Structure (TRAILS) project in East Africa and a new digital compilation of faults and eruptive centres to evaluate models for the kinematic linkage of two initially separate rift sectors: the Main Ethiopian Rift (MER) and the Eastern rift (ER). The ca. 300 km wide zone of linkage includes failed basins and linkage zones; seismicity outlines active structures. Models of GNSS data indicate that the ca. 250 km‐wide zone of seismically active en echelon basins north of the Turkana Depression is a zone, or block, of distributed strain with small counterclockwise rotation that serves to connect the Main Ethiopian and Eastern rifts. Its western boundary is poorly defined owing to data gaps in South Sudan. Strain across the northern and southern boundaries of this block, and an ca. 50 km‐wide kink in the southern Turkana rift is accommodated by en echelon normal faults linked by short strike‐slip faults in crystalline basement, and relay ramps at the surface. Short segments of obliquely oriented basement structures facilitate across‐rift linkage of faults, but basement shear zones and Mesozoic rift faults are not actively straining. This configuration has existed for at least 2–5 My without the development of localized shear zones or transform faults, documenting the importance of distributed deformation in continental rift tectonics.
Construction and Analysis of Risk Prediction Model of Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps: A Cross‐Sectional Study in Northwest China
Authors: Yuan Huajie , Yang Yuping , Zhang Bo , Li Ang , Su Jiang , Ding Xiaoyan , Yan Haisu , Zhang Hua 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo provide guidance for clinical endotypes by constructing a risk‐predictive model of eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (ECRSwNP).DesignA cross‐sectional study.SettingSingle‐centre trial at tertiary medical institutions.ParticipantsA cross‐sectional study included 343 CRSwNP patients divided into ECRSwNP (n = 237) and non‐ECRSwNP (n = 106) groups using surgical pathology.Main Outcome MeasuresSingle‐factor and multivariate analysis were used to identify statistically significant variables for constructing a nomogram, including the history of AR, hyposmia score, ethmoid sinus score, BEP and BEC. The model's performance was evaluated based on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration curve and decision curve analysis (DCA).ResultsAllergic rhinitis, hyposmia score, ethmoid sinus score, peripheral blood eosinophil percentage (BEP) and eosinophil count (BEC) were retained for the construction nomogram of ECRSwNP. The nomogram exhibited a certain accuracy, with an AUC of 0.897 (95% CI: 0.864–0.930), good agreement in the calibration curve and a 0.891 C‐index of internal validation. Moreover, the DCA with a threshold probability between 0.0167 and 1.00 indicated a higher net benefit and greater clinical utility.ConclusionThe construction of a predictive risk model of ECRSwNP based on easily accessible factors could assist clinicians in more conveniently defining endotypes to make optimal diagnoses and treatment choices.
Emerging trends and demographic disparities in anal cancer mortality across the United States census regions: An analysis of National Center for Health Statistics mortality data
Authors: Sohail Amir H. , Flesner Samuel L. , Quazi Mohammed A. , Raihane Ahmed Sami , Maan Soban , Goyal Aman , Dahiya Dushyant Singh , Ali Hassam , Kilani Yassine , Jaber Fouad , Alsakarneh Saqr , Gangwani Manesh Kumar , Sheikh Abu Baker , Ullah Asad , Whittington Jennifer , Singh Shailandra 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimsAnal cancer, despite its rarity, is a matter of serious concern in the United States, with an uptrend in recent years and marked racial disparities in mortality rates. The aim of this work was to investigate anal cancer mortality trends and sex race disparities in the United States from 1999 to 2020.MethodThis is a retrospective study using data from the CDC WONDER database (1999–2020). We investigated deaths attributed to anal cancer, identified by the ICD‐10 code C21.1, and excluded individuals aged 14 years and under. The Mann–Kendall trend test was used to investigate temporal trends and a t‐test was used to compare continuous variables.ResultsBoth male and female age‐adjusted mortality attributed to anal cancer increased significantly during the study period across all subgroups, including race (Black and White), US Census region (Northeast, Midwest, South and West) and age (15–64 and ≥65 years) (p < 0.001 for all comparisons). For each subgroup, women demonstrated significantly higher rates of mortality than men, except in the Black population, where Black men had higher rates than Black women (0.40 vs. 0.29, p < 0.001). Additionally, Black men had significantly higher mean mortality rates than White men (0.40 vs. 0.27, p < 0.001). The highest rates of anal cancer mortality were among geriatric individuals, especially women aged ≥65 years, at 1.18 per 100 000.ConclusionThe rise in anal cancer mortality and racial and sex disparities present a significant challenge for healthcare providers and policy makers. Further studies are required to devise evidence‐based strategies to effectively tackle this challenge.
Clinicopathological and molecular spectrum of patients with germline SUFU mutations: A case series
Authors: van Dal Mashiro , Martens‐de Kemp Sanne R. , Mooyaart Antien L. , Voogt Walter , Wakkee Marlies , Damman Jeffrey 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundOne of the hereditary syndromes associated with multiple early‐onset basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) is basal cell nevus syndrome (BCNS), of which a minority is caused by germline SUFU mutations. Germline SUFU mutations show a spectrum of phenotypes, of which multiple hereditary infundibulocystic basal cell carcinoma syndrome (MHIBCC) is one. Patients with MHIBCC develop multiple basaloid skin tumors from middle age onwards.MethodsThree patients presenting with an MHIBCC phenotype were tested for a germline SUFU mutation. Skin biopsies were assessed by two dermatopathologists.ResultsOur study adds three new pathogenic SUFU variants, including a mosaic, to the current literature. Literature suggests a spectrum of phenotypes of patients carrying the same SUFU mutation, which ranges from the MHIBCC phenotype, to BCNS, to patients that develop life‐threatening brain tumors. This last risk is significantly higher in germline SUFU mutation carriers when compared to BCNS patients carrying germline PTCH1 mutations.ConclusionsGermline SUFU mutation carriers should be recognized as a distinct group of patients carrying specific health risks, independent of meeting the BCNS criteria. Phenotypic prediction based on the specific SUFU mutation seems unfeasible. It is of utmost importance that the less apparent MHIBCC phenotype is recognized, to provide (second generation) germline SUFU mutation carriers appropriate healthcare.
A comprehensive survey on deep learning‐based intrusion detection systems in Internet of Things (IoT)
Authors: Al‐Haija Qasem Abu , Droos Ayat 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe proliferating popularity of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has led to wide‐scale networked system implementations across multiple disciplines, including transportation, medicine, smart homes, and many others. This unprecedented level of interconnectivity has introduced new security vulnerabilities and threats. Ensuring security in these IoT settings is crucial for protecting against malicious activities and safeguarding data. Real‐time identification and response to potential intrusions and attacks are essential, and intrusion detection systems (IDS) are pivotal in this process. However, the dynamic and diverse nature of the IoT environment presents significant challenges to existing IDS solutions, which are often based on rule‐based or statistical approaches. Deep learning, a subset of artificial intelligence, has shown great potential to enhance IDS in IoT. Deep learning models can identify complex patterns and characteristics by utilizing artificial neural networks, automatically building hierarchical representations from data. This capability results in more precise and efficient intrusion detection in IoT‐based systems. The primary aim of this survey is to present an extensive overview of the current research on deep learning and IDS in the IoT domain. By examining existing literature, discussing mainstream datasets, and highlighting current challenges and potential prospects, this survey provides valuable insights into the prevailing scenario and future directions for using deep learning in IDS for IoT. The findings from this research aim to enhance intrusion detection techniques in IoT environments and promote the development of more effective antimalware solutions against cyber threats targeting IoT device systems.
Unintended consequences of health and safety interventions in fisheries
Authors: Turner Rachel A. , Collins Claire , Szaboova Lucy , Walsh Gareth , Stepto Hannah , O'Neill Eunan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFishing communities globally continue to face poor health and safety outcomes, driving the expansion of fisheries occupational health and safety (OHS) interventions. However, narrowly focused OHS interventions that neglect the social and structural determinants of health may have unintended consequences. We illustrate this problem through a case study from the UK where a recent OHS intervention, the introduction of compulsory medical certificates to all commercial fishers, led to unforeseen negative impacts. Through analysis of data from interviews, focus groups and a participatory workshop in Cornwall, UK, we highlight three key findings. First, while seeking to improve safety at sea, the regulatory change actually had negative consequences for fishers' health, their access to healthcare and potentially even their safety. Second, a mismatch between the requirements of the regulation and fishers' lived experience undermined the efforts of health promotion and outreach activities. Third, a failure to account for the implications for different sectors of the fleet has contributed to mistrust that may have ramifications for future fisheries governance activity. Our research brings to the fore important implications for the design of OHS regimes in fisheries. These include the broadening of OHS approaches to consider fishers' wider health and well‐being; engagement of fishers in the development and implementation of OHS interventions to account for their lived experiences of health and safety at sea and better integrate their knowledge; support for bottom‐up fisher‐led initiatives aimed at managing health and safety at sea; and improved coordination between agencies responsible for different areas of fisheries governance.
Intangible Capital as a Driver of Labor Productivity in Regions and Industries: Evidence of the Spanish Case
Authors: Gumbau‐Albert Mercedes 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTIn the last decade, many studies discussed the impact of intangible investment on firms' performance. However, comparing the effect of different types of intangible investments at regional and sectoral level is not well explored. The paper aims to fill this gap by assessing the impact of several intangible capital on labor productivity using for the first‐time updated data for the period 2000–2019. Adopting panel data techniques and system GMM, the results show that regions with higher endowments of intangible capital get higher levels of labor productivity. The study results also highlight the importance of differentiating between different sectors and types of intangible capital as they have different impact on productivity labor. In the primary sector only investments in R&D result in additional productivity gains. In the manufacturing industry, investments in R&D and software result in additional productivity gains while the service sector also increases labor productivity through other intangibles assets with innovative property such as mineral exploration, entertainment, and artistic originals.
Enhancing Fc‐mediated effector functions of monoclonal antibodies: The example of HexaBodies
Authors: van der Horst Hilma J. , Mutis Tuna 
Published: September 2024

SummarySince the approval of the CD20‐targeting monoclonal antibody (mAb) rituximab for the treatment of lymphoma in 1997, mAb therapy has significantly transformed cancer treatment. With over 90 FDA‐approved mAbs for the treatment of various hematological and solid cancers, modern cancer treatment relies heavily on these therapies. The overwhelming success of mAbs as cancer therapeutics is attributed to their broad applicability, high safety profile, and precise targeting of cancer‐associated surface antigens. Furthermore, mAbs can induce various anti‐tumor cytotoxic effector mechanisms including antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), antibody‐dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP), and complement‐dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), all of which are mediated via their fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain. Over the past decades, these effector mechanisms have been substantially improved through Fc domain engineering. In this review, we will outline the different approaches to enhance Fc effector functions via Fc engineering of mAbs, with a specific emphasis on the so‐called “HexaBody” technology, which is designed to enhance the hexamerization of mAbs on the target cell surface, thereby inducing greater complement activation, CDC, and receptor clustering. The review will summarize the development, preclinical, and clinical testing of several HexaBodies designed for the treatment of B‐cell malignancies, as well as the potential use of the HexaBody technology beyond Fc‐mediated effector functions.
Thermally activated damage recovery in ion‐irradiated Gd2Ti2‐yZryO7 pyrochlore
Authors: Singh Yogendar , Kumar Ajay , Kumar Vivek , Chattaraj Ananya , Pandey Krishan K. , Kulriya Pawan Kumar 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIonizing events having a wide variety of radiation‐induced effects can radically affect the kinetics of defect production or structural transformation in the pyrochlore structured oxides (A2B2O7). Therefore, a thorough understanding of the kinetics associated with cation ordering and disordering is required for various technological applications. The structural responses of Gd2Ti2‐yZryO7 (y = 0.4, 1.2, 1.6) pyrochlore series irradiated by 120 MeV Au9+ ions were investigated using in situ synchrotron x‐ray diffraction (SR‐XRD), micro‐Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Each pyrochlore composition irradiated at the highest fluence, where structural modifications occur, was subsequently isochronally annealed from room temperature to 1000°C. The SR‐XRD results indicate that Ti‐rich composition (y = 0.4) retains its pre‐irradiated pyrochlore structure (Fdm) at 1000°C. In contrast, Zr‐rich compositions exhibit recrystallization to an intermediate defect‐fluorite phase (Fmm) above 500°C, and the pre‐irradiated pyrochlore superstructure does not recover even on annealing at 1000°C. These results reveal that recrystallization temperature strongly depends on the accumulated radiation damage, generally described with the cationic radius ratio (rA/rB). Thus, investigation of the thermal annealing behavior of irradiated pyrochlores helps better understanding the general mechanisms of radiation damage and recovery of pyrochlores, which is important for their use in nuclear applications.
Lipoprotein(a) among normotensive patients and risk of incident hypertension
Authors: Zheutlin Alexander R. , Jacobs Joshua A. , Stamm Brian , Royan Regina 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLipoprotein(a) has been shown to be disruptive to local endothelial cells, whose integrity is critical to blood pressure (BP) regulation. Cross‐sectional analysis has shown an association between lipoprotein(a) and prevalent hypertension, though it is unclear if lipoprotein(a) increases risk of incident hypertension. To assess this, the authors measured baseline lipoprotein(a) among 5307 normotensive patients (median age 26 years (interquartile range [IQR] 12–50) and used Cox proportional hazard models to generate hazard rations (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI; median follow‐up 10‐years). The authors categorized lipoprotein(a) as <15 mg/dL, 15–<30 mg/dL, 30–50 mg/dL, >50 mg/dL, and performed subgroup analysis of adults >50 years at baseline. Incident hypertension was defined as a measured BP ≥140/90 mm Hg or a new ICD‐9/10 code. After adjustment, hypertension for patients with baseline lipoprotein(a) 15–<30 mg/dL, 30–50 mg/dL, and >50 mg/dL was 0.91 (0.72–1.16), 1.05 (0.79–1.38), and 1.02 (0.83–1.26; vs. <15 mg/dL). However, among adults >50 years, lipoprotein(a) >50 mg/dL was associated with increased incident hypertension (1.62 [1.17–2.26]).
Association analysis between serum asprosin and metabolic characteristics, Complications in type 2 diabetic patients with different durations
Authors: Ma Lijing , Wang Zhengqian , Sun Li , Li Mina , Wu Qianqian , Liu Ming , Xu Minggang , Shi Guoliang , Yin Jianhong , Wang Yan , Xu Linxin 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTAims/IntroductionTo investigated the association between serum asprosin and metabolic characteristics in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with different durations.Materials and MethodsA total of 436 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were enrolled in this study from the community health service center in southeastern Shanxi Province. All the patients were divided into two groups according to their diabetes duration: diabetes duration ≤5 years group (n = 132) and diabetes duration ≥10 years group (n = 304). Fasting blood samples were gathered and serum asprosin was tested. Pearson/Spearman correlation analysis was carried out.ResultsAsprosin was comparable between the two groups. Asprosin was positively correlated with systolic blood pressure (SBP), triglycerides, creatinine, serum uric acid and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol in the diabetes duration ≤5 years group (P < 0.05). In the diabetes duration ≥10 years group, asprosin was independently correlated with SBP, diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, creatinine, serum uric acid, fasting plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin (P < 0.05). Asprosin was associated with alanine aminotransferase and estimated glomerular filtration rate (P < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis found that SBP and diastolic blood pressure is an independent factor related to serum asprosin in the group with diabetes duration ≤5 years (P < 0.05). Fasting plasma glucose, SBP, total cholesterol and serum uric acid is an independent factor related to serum asprosin in the group with diabetes duration ≥10 years (P < 0.05).ConclusionsSerum asprosin was significantly increased in the group with diabetes duration ≥10 years, and glycosylated hemoglobin, blood pressure and estimated glomerular filtration rate were independent risk factors in long‐duration type 2 diabetes mellitus.