bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Verlauf psychischer Auffälligkeiten von Kindern und Jugendlichen
Authors: Klasen Fionna , Petermann Franz , Meyrose Ann-Katrin , Barkmann Claus , Otto Christiane , Haller Anne-Catherine , Schlack Robert , Schulte-Markwort Michael , Ravens-Sieberer Ulrike 
Published: February 2016

Zusammenfassung. Psychische Auffälligkeiten sind in der Kindheit und Jugend häufig und weisen geschlechts- und altersbedingte Unterschiede auf. Aktuelle, bundesweit repräsentative Daten über den Verlauf von psychischen Auffälligkeiten fehlen bisher. Anhand der Angaben von 3 256 Teilnehmern (7 – 19 Jahre) der prospektiven und für Deutschland repräsentativen BELLA-Kohortenstudie wurde mit Mehrebenenmodellen der Verlauf von Depression (CES-DC), Angst (SCARED-5), ADHS (Conners 3) und Störungen des Sozialverhaltens (CBCL) untersucht. Insgesamt zeigten im Elternbericht 11.2 % der Kinder und Jugendlichen klinisch bedeutsame Anzeichen für Depression, 10.6 % für Angst, 5.7 % für ADHS und 12.2 % für Störungen des Sozialverhaltens. Im Selbstbericht wiesen 16.1 % klinisch bedeutsame Symptome für Depression, 15.1 % für Angst und 2.0 % für ADHS auf. Mit zunehmendem Alter nahmen Symptome von ADHS und Störungen des Sozialverhaltens ab, während internalisierende Auffälligkeiten zunahmen. Symptome von Depression und Angst traten häufiger bei Mädchen auf, Symptome von ADHS und Störungen des Sozialverhaltens häufiger bei Jungen. Eltern schätzten die internalisierenden Auffälligkeiten ihrer Kinder niedriger ein als diese selbst. Für die klinische Praxis sind eine störungsspezifische, entwicklungs- und geschlechtssensitive Diagnostik und Behandlung von großer Bedeutung.
Verlauf gesundheitsbezogener Lebensqualität
Authors: Barkmann Claus , Petermann Franz , Schlack Robert , Bullinger Monika , Schulte-Markwort Michael , Klasen Fionna , Ravens-Sieberer Ulrike 
Published: February 2016

Zusammenfassung. Gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität (gLQ) als Parameter zur Beschreibung der subjektiven Gesundheit von Kindern und Jugendlichen wird zunehmend auch in der Gesundheitsberichterstattung berücksichtigt. In der vorliegenden prospektiven Kohortenstudie wurde der zweijährige Verlauf bei N = 1 597 repräsentativ aus der Allgemeinbevölkerung rekrutierten 11- bis 17-Jährigen im Selbstbericht untersucht und durch gesundheitsbezogene und soziodemographische Merkmale vorhergesagt. Die gLQ wurde mit Hilfe des mehrdimensionalen KIDSCREEN-27 gemessen. Die gLQ sank mit zunehmendem Alter auf allen Skalen außer bei der Skala Gleichaltrige und soziale Unterstützung leicht und Mädchen hatten meist etwas niedrigere Werte als Jungen. Signifikante Prädiktoren der gLQ waren psychische Auffälligkeiten und körperliche Probleme des Kindes, psychische Auffälligkeiten der Eltern sowie Alter, Geschlecht, Migrationshintergrund und sozioökonomischer Status. Die Ergebnisse bieten eine Orientierung zur Beurteilung der Verläufe von einzelnen Patienten und Patientengruppen und geben Hinweise auf mögliche Zielgrößen zur Verbesserung der gLQ durch präventive Maßnahmen.
A dilation-driven vortex flow in sheared granular materials explains a rheometric anomaly
Authors: Krishnaraj K. P. , Nott Prabhu R. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractGranular flows occur widely in nature and industry, yet a continuum description that captures their important features is yet not at hand. Recent experiments on granular materials sheared in a cylindrical Couette device revealed a puzzling anomaly, wherein all components of the stress rise nearly exponentially with depth. Here we show, using particle dynamics simulations and imaging experiments, that the stress anomaly arises from a remarkable vortex flow. For the entire range of fill heights explored, we observe a single toroidal vortex that spans the entire Couette cell and whose sense is opposite to the uppermost Taylor vortex in a fluid. We show that the vortex is driven by a combination of shear-induced dilation, a phenomenon that has no analogue in fluids, and gravity flow. Dilatancy is an important feature of granular mechanics, but not adequately incorporated in existing models.
Microbially assisted recording of the Earth’s magnetic field in sediment
Authors: Zhao Xiangyu , Egli Ramon , Gilder Stuart A. , Müller Sebastian 
Published: February 2016

AbstractSediments continuously record variations of the Earth’s magnetic field and thus provide an important archive for studying the geodynamo. The recording process occurs as magnetic grains partially align with the geomagnetic field during and after sediment deposition, generating a depositional remanent magnetization (DRM) or post-DRM (PDRM). (P)DRM acquisition mechanisms have been investigated for over 50 years, yet many aspects remain unclear. A key issue concerns the controversial role of bioturbation, that is, the mechanical disturbance of sediment by benthic organisms, during PDRM acquisition. A recent theory on bioturbation-driven PDRM appears to solve many inconsistencies between laboratory experiments and palaeomagnetic records, yet it lacks experimental proof. Here we fill this gap by documenting the important role of bioturbation-induced rotational diffusion for (P)DRM acquisition, including the control exerted on the recorded inclination and intensity, as determined by the equilibrium between aligning and perturbing torques acting on magnetic particles.
Discovery and enantiocontrol of axially chiral urazoles via organocatalytic tyrosine click reaction
Authors: Zhang Ji-Wei , Xu Jin-Hui , Cheng Dao-Juan , Shi Chuan , Liu Xin-Yuan , Tan Bin 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAxially chiral compounds play an important role in areas such as asymmetric catalysis. The tyrosine click-like reaction is an efficient approach for synthesis of urazoles with potential applications in pharmaceutical and asymmetric catalysis. Here we discover a class of urazole with axial chirality by restricted rotation around an N–Ar bond. By using bifunctional organocatalyst, we successfully develop an organocatalytic asymmetric tyrosine click-like reaction in high yields with excellent enantioselectivity under mild reaction conditions. The excellent remote enantiocontrol of the strategy originates from the efficient discrimination of the two reactive sites in the triazoledione and transferring the stereochemical information of the catalyst into the axial chirality of urazoles at the remote position far from the reactive site.
Advanced intermediate temperature sodium–nickel chloride batteries with ultra-high energy density
Authors: Li Guosheng , Lu Xiaochuan , Kim Jin Y. , Meinhardt Kerry D. , Chang Hee Jung , Canfield Nathan L. , Sprenkle Vincent L. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractSodium-metal halide batteries have been considered as one of the more attractive technologies for stationary electrical energy storage, however, they are not used for broader applications despite their relatively well-known redox system. One of the roadblocks hindering market penetration is the high-operating temperature. Here we demonstrate that planar sodium–nickel chloride batteries can be operated at an intermediate temperature of 190 °C with ultra-high energy density. A specific energy density of 350 Wh kg−1, higher than that of conventional tubular sodium–nickel chloride batteries (280 °C), is obtained for planar sodium–nickel chloride batteries operated at 190 °C over a long-term cell test (1,000 cycles), and it attributed to the slower particle growth of the cathode materials at the lower operating temperature. Results reported here demonstrate that planar sodium–nickel chloride batteries operated at an intermediate temperature could greatly benefit this traditional energy storage technology by improving battery energy density, cycle life and reducing material costs.
Rapid Urine LAM Testing Improves Diagnosis of Expectorated Smear-Negative Pulmonary Tuberculosis in an HIV-endemic Region
Authors: Drain Paul K. , Gounder Lilishia , Sahid Faieza , Moosa Mahomed-Yunus S. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe sought to determine if urine lipoarabinomannan (LAM) would improve diagnosis of pulmonary TB. We enrolled consecutive adults presenting with ≥2 TB-related symptoms, obtained one induced sputum sample for smear microscopy (AFB) and mycobacterial culture and performed urine LAM testing (DetermineTM TB LAM, Alere). We used culture-confirmed pulmonary TB as the gold standard and compared accuracy with area under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROC). Among 90 participants, 82 of 88 tested (93%) were HIV-infected with a median CD4 168/mm3 (IQR 89–256/mm3). Diagnostic sensitivities of urine LAM and sputum AFB were 42.1% (95% CI 29.1–55.9%) and 21.1% (95% CI 11.4–33.9%) and increased to 52.6% (95% CI 39.0–66.0%) when combined. Sensitivity of LAM increased significantly among participants with a lower Karnofsky Performance score, anemia, hypoalbuminemia and higher C-reactive protein. Combining LAM with AFB had an AUROC = 0.68 (95% CI 0.59–0.77), significantly better than AFB alone (AUROC=0.58; 95% CI 0.51–0.64). The combination of LAM and AFB was significantly better than AFB alone among patients with Karnofsky Performance score ≤90, hemoglobin ≤10 g/dL, albumin ≤25 g/L, C-reactive protein ≥25 mg/L, or CD4 <200/mm3. Urine LAM testing may be most beneficial among patients with functional impairment, elevated inflammatory markers, or greater immunosuppression.
Tofla virus: A newly identified Nairovirus of the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever group isolated from ticks in Japan
Authors: Shimada Satoshi , Aoki Kotaro , Nabeshima Takeshi , Fuxun Yu , Kurosaki Yohei , Shiogama Kazuya , Onouchi Takanori , Sakaguchi Miako , Fuchigami Takeshi , Ono Hokuto , Nishi Kodai , Posadas-Herrera Guillermo , Uchida Leo , Takamatsu Yuki , Yasuda Jiro , Tsutsumi Yutaka , Fujita Hiromi , Morita Kouichi , Hayasaka Daisuke 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIxodid ticks transmit several important viral pathogens. We isolated a new virus (Tofla virus: TFLV) from Heamaphysalis flava and Heamaphysalis formsensis in Japan. The full-genome sequences revealed that TFLV belonged to the genus Nairovirus, family Bunyaviridae. Phylogenetic analyses and neutralization tests suggested that TFLV is closely related to the Hazara virus and that it is classified into the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever group. TFLV caused lethal infection in IFNAR KO mice. The TFLV-infected mice exhibited a gastrointestinal disorder and positron emission tomography-computed tomography images showed a significant uptake of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose in the intestinal tract. TFLV was able to infect and propagate in cultured cells of African green monkey-derived Vero E6 cells and human-derived SK-N-SH, T98-G and HEK-293 cells. Although TFLV infections in humans and animals are currently unknown, our findings may provide clues to understand the potential infectivity and to develop of pre-emptive countermeasures against this new tick-borne Nairovirus.
An Ultra-wideband and Polarization-independent Metasurface for RCS Reduction
Authors: Su Pei , Zhao Yongjiu , Jia Shengli , Shi Wenwen , Wang Hongli 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn this paper, an ultra-wideband and polarization-independent metasurface for radar cross section (RCS) reduction is proposed. The unit cell of the metasurface operates in a linear cross-polarization scheme in a broad band. The phase and amplitude of cross-polarized reflection can be separately controlled by its geometry and rotation angle. Based on the diffuse reflection theory, a 3-bit coding metasurface is designed to reduce the RCS in an ultra-wide band. The wideband property of the metasurface benefits from the wideband cross polarization conversion and flexible phase modulation. In addition, the polarization-independent feature of the metasurface is achieved by tailoring the rotation angle of each element. Both the simulated and measured results demonstrate that the proposed metasurface can reduce the RCS significantly in an ultra-wide frequency band for both normal and oblique incidences, which makes it promising in the applications such as electromagnetic cloaking.
Localization and Classification of Paddy Field Pests using a Saliency Map and Deep Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Liu Ziyi , Gao Junfeng , Yang Guoguo , Zhang Huan , He Yong 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe present a pipeline for the visual localization and classification of agricultural pest insects by computing a saliency map and applying deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) learning. First, we used a global contrast region-based approach to compute a saliency map for localizing pest insect objects. Bounding squares containing targets were then extracted, resized to a fixed size and used to construct a large standard database calledPest ID. This database was then utilized for self-learning of local image features which were, in turn, used for classification by DCNN. DCNN learning optimized the critical parameters, including size, number and convolutional stride of local receptive fields, dropout ratio and the final loss function. To demonstrate the practical utility of using DCNN, we explored different architectures by shrinking depth and width and found effective sizes that can act as alternatives for practical applications. On the test set of paddy field images, our architectures achieved a mean Accuracy Precision (mAP) of 0.951, a significant improvement over previous methods.
Novel electronic ferroelectricity in an organic charge-order insulator investigated with terahertz-pump optical-probe spectroscopy
Authors: Yamakawa H. , Miyamoto T. , Morimoto T. , Yada H. , Kinoshita Y. , Sotome M. , Kida N. , Yamamoto K. , Iwano K. , Matsumoto Y. , Watanabe S. , Shimoi Y. , Suda M. , Yamamoto H. M. , Mori H. , Okamoto H. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn electronic-type ferroelectrics, where dipole moments produced by the variations of electron configurations are aligned, the polarization is expected to be rapidly controlled by electric fields. Such a feature can be used for high-speed electric-switching and memory devices. Electronic-type ferroelectrics include charge degrees of freedom, so that they are sometimes conductive, complicating dielectric measurements. This makes difficult the exploration of electronic-type ferroelectrics and the understanding of their ferroelectric nature. Here, we show unambiguous evidence for electronic ferroelectricity in the charge-order (CO) phase of a prototypical ET-based molecular compound, α-(ET)2I3 (ET:bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene), using a terahertz pulse as an external electric field. Terahertz-pump second-harmonic-generation(SHG)-probe and optical-reflectivity-probe spectroscopy reveal that the ferroelectric polarization originates from intermolecular charge transfers and is inclined 27° from the horizontal CO stripe. These features are qualitatively reproduced by the density-functional-theory calculation. After sub-picosecond polarization modulation by terahertz fields, prominent oscillations appear in the reflectivity but not in the SHG-probe results, suggesting that the CO is coupled with molecular displacements, while the ferroelectricity is electronic in nature. The results presented here demonstrate that terahertz-pump optical-probe spectroscopy is a powerful tool not only for rapidly controlling polarizations, but also for clarifying the mechanisms of ferroelectricity.
Potential diagnostic value of serum/pleural fluid IL-31 levels for tuberculous pleural effusion
Authors: Gao Yan , Ou Qinfang , Wu Jing , Zhang Bingyan , Shen Lei , Chen Shaolong , Weng Xinhua , Zhang Ying , Zhang Wenhong , Shao Lingyun 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe aim of this study was to explore the diagnostic value of IL-31 levels in the pleural fluid and plasma to differentially diagnose tuberculous and malignant pleural effusion. We enrolled 91 cases, including tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE, n = 50), malignant pleural effusion (MPE, n = 41), other cases including pneumonia with pleural fluid, pulmonary tuberculosis and healthy people as controls. Whole blood was stimulated with the M. tuberculosis–specific antigens and plasma was collected. The multiplex bead-based cytokine immunoassay was employed to measure the levels of various cytokines. IL-31 was found to be the most prominent cytokine (P < 0.0001) and with an optimal cut-off value of 67.5 pg/mL, the sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of TPE were 86% and 100%, respectively. Furthermore, the tuberculosis-specific IL-31 levels in the plasma of TPE patients were higher than that of MPE patients (P = 0.0002). At an optimal cut-off value of 23.9 pg/mL, the sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of TPE were 92.9% and 85.7%, respectively. Ultimately, the combination of pleural fluid with the plasma tuberculosis-specific IL-31 levels improved the sensitivity and specificity to 94.0% and 95.1%, respectively. Thus, we identified a novel biomarker for the diagnosis of TPE for clinical application.
Alp7/TACC-Alp14/TOG generates long-lived, fast-growing MTs by an unconventional mechanism
Authors: Hussmann Frauke , Drummond Douglas R. , Peet Daniel R. , Martin Douglas S. , Cross Robert A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAlp14 is a TOG-family microtubule polymerase from S. pombe that tracks plus ends and accelerates their growth. To interrogate its mechanism, we reconstituted dynamically unstable single isoform S. pombe microtubules with full length Alp14/TOG and Alp7, the TACC-family binding partner of Alp14. We find that Alp14 can drive microtubule plus end growth at GTP-tubulin concentrations at least 10-fold below the usual critical concentration, at the expense of increased catastrophe. This reveals Alp14 to be a highly unusual enzyme that biases the equilibrium for the reaction that it catalyses. Alp7/TACC enhances the effectiveness of Alp14, by increasing its occupancy. Consistent with this, we show in live cells that Alp7 deletion produces very similar MT dynamics defects to Alp14 deletion. The ability of Alp7/14 to accelerate and bias GTP-tubulin exchange at microtubule plus ends allows it to generate long-lived, fast-growing microtubules at very low cellular free tubulin concentrations.
Genome-guided Investigation of Antibiotic Substances produced by Allosalinactinospora lopnorensis CA15-2T from Lop Nor region, China
Authors: Huang Chen , Leung Ross Ka-Kit , Guo Min , Tuo Li , Guo Lin , Yew Wing Wai , Lou Inchio , Lee Simon Ming Yuen , Sun Chenghang 
Published: February 2016

AbstractMicrobial secondary metabolites are valuable resources for novel drug discovery. In particular, actinomycetes expressed a range of antibiotics against a spectrum of bacteria. In genus level, strain Allosalinactinospora lopnorensis CA15-2T is the first new actinomycete isolated from the Lop Nor region, China. Antimicrobial assays revealed that the strain could inhibit the growth of certain types of bacteria, including Acinetobacter baumannii and Staphylococcus aureus, highlighting its clinical significance. Here we report the 5,894,259 base pairs genome of the strain, containing 5,662 predicted genes, and 832 of them cannot be detected by sequence similarity-based methods, suggesting the new species may carry a novel gene pool. Furthermore, our genome-mining investigation reveals that A. lopnorensis CA15-2T contains 17 gene clusters coding for known or novel secondary metabolites. Meanwhile, at least six secondary metabolites were disclosed from ethyl acetate (EA) extract of the fermentation broth of the strain by high-resolution UPLC-MS. Compared with reported clusters of other species, many new genes were found in clusters, and the physical chromosomal location and order of genes in the clusters are distinct. This study presents evidence in support of A. lopnorensis CA15-2T as a potent natural products source for drug discovery.
Metabolic disruption identified in the Huntington’s disease transgenic sheep model
Authors: Handley Renee. R. , Reid Suzanne J. , Patassini Stefano , Rudiger Skye R. , Obolonkin Vladimir , McLaughlan Clive. J. , Jacobsen Jessie C. , Gusella James F. , MacDonald Marcy E. , Waldvogel Henry J. , Bawden C. Simon , Faull Richard L. M. , Snell Russell G. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractHuntington’s disease (HD) is a dominantly inherited, progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG repeat expansion within exon 1 of HTT, encoding huntingtin. There are no therapies that can delay the progression of this devastating disease. One feature of HD that may play a critical role in its pathogenesis is metabolic disruption. Consequently, we undertook a comparative study of metabolites in our transgenic sheep model of HD (OVT73). This model does not display overt symptoms of HD but has circadian rhythm alterations and molecular changes characteristic of the early phase disease. Quantitative metabolite profiles were generated from the motor cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum and liver tissue of 5 year old transgenic sheep and matched controls by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Differentially abundant metabolites were evident in the cerebellum and liver. There was striking tissue-specificity, with predominantly amino acids affected in the transgenic cerebellum and fatty acids in the transgenic liver, which together may indicate a hyper-metabolic state. Furthermore, there were more strong pair-wise correlations of metabolite abundance in transgenic than in wild-type cerebellum and liver, suggesting altered metabolic constraints. Together these differences indicate a metabolic disruption in the sheep model of HD and could provide insight into the presymptomatic human disease.
Mirror-symmetry protected non-TRIM surface state in the weak topological insulator Bi2TeI
Authors: Rusinov I. P. , Menshchikova T. V. , Isaeva A. , Eremeev S. V. , Koroteev Yu. M. , Vergniory M. G. , Echenique P. M. , Chulkov E. V. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractStrong topological insulators (TIs) support topological surfaces states on any crystal surface. In contrast, a weak, time-reversal-symmetry-driven TI with at least one non-zero v1, v2, v3 ℤ2 index should host spin-locked topological surface states on the surfaces that are not parallel to the crystal plane with Miller indices (v1 v2 v3). On the other hand, mirror symmetry can protect an even number of topological states on the surfaces that are perpendicular to a mirror plane. Various symmetries in a bulk material with a band inversion can independently preordain distinct crystal planes for realization of topological states. Here we demonstrate the first instance of coexistence of both phenomena in the weak 3D TI Bi2TeI which (v1 v2 v3) surface hosts a gapless spin-split surface state protected by the crystal mirror-symmetry. The observed topological state has an even number of crossing points in the "Equation missing" directions of the 2D Brillouin zone due to a non-TRIM bulk-band inversion. Our findings shed light on hitherto uncharted features of the electronic structure of weak topological insulators and open up new vistas for applications of these materials in spintronics.