bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biological embedding: evaluation and analysis of an emerging concept for nursing scholarship
Authors: Nist Marliese Dion 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAimThe purpose of this paper was to report the analysis of the concept of biological embedding.BackgroundResearch that incorporates a life course perspective is becoming increasingly prominent in the health sciences. Biological embedding is a central concept in life course theory and may be important for nursing theories to enhance our understanding of health states in individuals and populations. Before the concept of biological embedding can be used in nursing theory and research, an analysis of the concept is required to advance it towards full maturity.DesignConcept analysis.Data sourcesPubMed, CINAHL and PsycINFO were searched for publications using the term ‘biological embedding’ or ‘biological programming’ and published through 2015.MethodsAn evaluation of the concept was first conducted to determine the concept's level of maturity and was followed by a concept comparison, using the methods for concept evaluation and comparison described by Morse.ResultsA consistent definition of biological embedding – the process by which early life experience alters biological processes to affect adult health outcomes – was found throughout the literature. The concept has been used in several theories that describe the mechanisms through which biological embedding might occur and highlight its role in the development of health trajectories. Biological embedding is a partially mature concept, requiring concept comparison with an overlapping concept – biological programming – to more clearly establish the boundaries of biological embedding.ConclusionsBiological embedding has significant potential for theory development and application in multiple academic disciplines, including nursing.
Urinary incontinence and mortality among older adults residing in care homes
Authors: Damián Javier , Pastor‐Barriuso Roberto , García López Fernando J. , de Pedro‐Cuesta Jesús 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAimTo assess the association between baseline urinary incontinence and long‐term, all‐cause mortality.BackgroundUrinary incontinence is a common disorder among older institutionalised adults, with important consequences for morbidity and quality of life. Moreover, while it is a consistent mortality marker, the extent to which this association might be causal remains controversial.DesignA cohort study.MethodsWe conducted a mortality follow‐up study on a cohort of 675 nursing‐home residents in the city of Madrid (Spain), from their 1998–1999 baseline interviews to September 2013. Study subjects or their caregivers were asked whether the resident had experienced any involuntary leakage of urine in the preceding 14 days, with subjects being subsequently defined as continent, mildly incontinent, or severely incontinent. Hazard ratios for all‐cause mortality were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsAfter a 4061 person‐year follow‐up (median/maximum of 4·6/15·2 years), 576 participants had died. In fully‐adjusted models, urinary incontinence was associated with a 24 per cent increased risk of all‐cause mortality. There was a graded relationship across severity levels, with hazard ratios 7% higher for mild and 44% higher for severe incontinence as compared with the continent group. The adjusted mortality fraction attributable to urinary incontinence was 11 per cent.ConclusionIt would appear that urinary incontinence is not only a marker but also a real determinant of survival in the institutionalized population. This finding, which seems plausible in a population of frail older adults, warrants further research into mechanisms that could help to elucidate this hypothesis.
Genetic correlations between dressage, show jumping and studbook‐entry inspection traits in a process of specialization in Dutch Warmblood horses
Authors: Rovere G. , Ducro B.J. , van Arendonk J.A.M. , Norberg E. , Madsen P. 
Published: September 2016

SummarySport performance in dressage and show jumping are two important traits in the breeding goals of many studbooks. To determine the optimum selection scheme for jumping and dressage, knowledge is needed on the genetic correlation between both disciplines and between traits measured early in life and performance in competition in each discipline. This study aimed to estimate genetic parameters to support decision‐making on specialization of breeding horses for dressage and show jumping in Dutch warmblood horses. Genetic correlations between performance of horses in dressage and show jumping were estimated as well as the genetic correlation between traits recorded during studbook‐entry inspections and performance in dressage and show jumping competitions. The information on competition comprised the performance of 82 694 horses in dressage and 62 072 horses in show jumping, recorded in the period 1993–2012. For 26 056 horses, information was available for both disciplines. The information on traits recorded at studbook‐entry inspections comprised 62 628 horses, recorded in the period 1992–2013. Genetic parameters were estimated from the whole dataset and from a subset without horses recorded in both disciplines. Additionally, the genetic parameters were estimated in three different time periods defined by horses' birth year. The genetic correlation between dressage and show jumping in the whole dataset was −0.23, and it was −0.03 when it was estimated from horses recorded in only one discipline. The genetic correlation between dressage and show jumping was more negative in the most recent time period in all the cases. The more negative correlation between disciplines in more recent time periods was not reflected in changes in the correlations between competitions traits and the traits recorded in the studbook‐first inspection. These results suggest that a breeding programme under specialization might be most effective defining two separate aggregate breeding goals for each of the disciplines.
Genistein suppresses leptin‐induced proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells and neointima formation
Authors: Tsai Yung‐Chieh , Leu Sy‐Ying , Peng Yi‐Jen , Lee Yen‐Mei , Hsu Chih‐Hsiung , Chou Shen‐Chieh , Yen Mao‐Hsiung , Cheng Pao‐Yun 
Published: September 2016

AbstractObesity is a strong risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases and is associated with a marked increase in circulating leptin concentration. Leptin is a peptide hormone mainly produced by adipose tissue and is regulated by energy level, hormones and various inflammatory mediators. Genistein is an isoflavone that exhibits diverse health‐promoting effects. Here, we investigated whether genistein suppressed the atherogenic effect induced by leptin. The A10 cells were treated with leptin and/or genistein, and then the cell proliferation and migration were analysed. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) and proteins levels were also measured, such as p44/42MAPK, cell cycle‐related protein (cyclin D1 and p21) and matrix metalloproteinase‐2 (MMP‐2). Immunohistochemistry and morphometric analysis were used for the neointima formation in a rat carotid artery injury model. Genistein (5 μM) significantly inhibited both the proliferation and migration of leptin (10 ng/ml)‐stimulated A10 cells. In accordance with these finding, genistein decreased the leptin‐stimulated ROS production and phosphorylation of the p44/42MAPK signal transduction pathway. Meanwhile, genistein reversed the leptin‐induced expression of cyclin D1, and cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor, p21. Genistein attenuated leptin‐induced A10 cell migration by inhibiting MMP‐2 activity. Furthermore, the leptin (0.25 mg/kg)‐augmented neointima formation in a rat carotid artery injury model was attenuated in the genistein (5 mg/kg body weight)‐treated group when compared with the balloon injury plus leptin group. Genistein was capable of suppressing the atherogenic effects of leptin in vitro and in vivo, and may be a promising candidate drug in the clinical setting.
Inhibition of cytokine response to TLR stimulation and alleviation of collagen‐induced arthritis in mice by Schistosoma japonicum peptide SJMHE1
Authors: Wang Xuefeng , Li Li , Wang Jun , Dong Liyang , Shu Yang , Liang Yong , Shi Liang , Xu Chengcheng , Zhou Yuepeng , Wang Yi , Chen Deyu , Mao Chaoming 
Published: September 2016

AbstractHelminth‐derived products have recently been shown to prevent the development of inflammatory diseases in mouse models. However, most identified immunomodulators from helminthes are mixtures or macromolecules with potentially immunogenic side effects. We previously identified an immunomodulatory peptide called SJMHE1 from the HSP60 protein of Schistosoma japonicum. In this study, we assessed the ability of SJMHE1 to affect murine splenocytes and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) stimulated by toll‐like receptor (TLR) ligands in vitro and its treatment effect on mice with collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA). We show that SJMHE1 not only modulates the cytokine production of murine macrophage (MΦ) and dendritic cell but also affects cytokine production upon coculturing with allogeneic CD4+ T cell. SJMHE1 potently inhibits the cytokine response to TLR ligands lipopolysaccharide (LPS), CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG) or resiquimod (R848) from mouse splenocytes, and human PBMCs stimulated by LPS. Furthermore, SJMHE1 suppressed clinical signs of CIA in mice and blocked joint erosion progression. This effect was mediated by downregulation of key cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of CIA, such as interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ), tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐17, and IL‐22 and up‐regulation of the inhibitory cytokine IL‐10, Tgf‐β1 mRNA, and CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs. This study provides new evidence that the peptide from S. japonicum, which is the ‘safe’ selective generation of small molecule peptide that has evolved during host–parasite interactions, is of great value in the search for novel anti‐inflammatory agents and therapeutic targets for autoimmune diseases.
Trojan Horses in EU Foreign Policy
Authors: Orenstein Mitchell A. , Kelemen R. Daniel 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWhy has the European Union been able to craft a unified sanctions policy against Russia but failed to rein in Russia's ‘Trojan horses’ within the EU that pursue pro‐Putin foreign policies? We argue that the EU suffers from a specific type of disaggregation in its foreign and security policy. While the EU's Common Foreign and Security Policy has increased its capacities over time, the EU still lacks the power to prevent Member States from pursuing their own independent policies. In the face of the Ukraine crisis, for instance, the EU marshaled a surprisingly strong sanctions regime, but could not prevent Member States from pursuing divergent pro‐Russia policies, such as signing new energy deals or granting port access for Russian naval forces. As EU foreign and security powers grow, foreign powers face increasing incentives to cultivate Trojan horses among the EU Member States.
Reduced tract integrity of the model for social communication is a neural substrate of social communication deficits in autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Lo Yu‐Chun , Chen Yu‐Jen , Hsu Yung‐Chin , Tseng Wen‐Yih Isaac , Gau Susan Shur‐Fen 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with social communication deficits as one of the core symptoms. Recently, a five‐level model for the social communication has been proposed in which white matter tracts corresponding to each level of the model are identified. Given that the model for social communication subserves social language functions, we hypothesized that the tract integrity of the model for social communication may be reduced in ASD, and the reduction may be related to social communication deficits.MethodsSixty‐two right‐handed boys with ASD and 55 typically developing (TD) boys received clinical evaluations, intelligence tests, the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ), and MRI scans. Generalized fractional anisotropy (GFA) was measured by diffusion spectrum imaging to indicate the microstructural integrity of the tracts for each level of the social communication model. Group difference in the tract integrity and its relationship with the SCQ subscales of social communication and social interaction were investigated.ResultsWe found that the GFA values of the superior longitudinal fasciculus III (SLF III, level 1) and the frontal aslant tracts (FAT, level 2) were decreased in ASD compared to TD. Moreover, the GFA values of the SLF III and the FAT were associated with the social interaction subscale in ASD.ConclusionsThe tract integrity of the model for social communication is reduced in ASD, and the reduction is associated with impaired social interaction. Our results support that reduced tract integrity of the model for social communication might be a neural substrate of social communication deficits in ASD.
Parenting and cognitive and psychomotor delay due to small‐for‐gestational‐age birth
Authors: Li Xiuhong , Eiden Rina D. , Epstein Leonard H. , Shenassa Edmond D. , Xie Chuanbo , Wen Xiaozhong 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundTo examine whether different dimensions of parenting at different ages help small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) children ‘catch‐up’ the normal children in cognition and psychomotor.MethodsWe analyzed data of 800 children born SGA and 3,000 children born appropriate‐for‐gestational‐age (AGA) from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study‐Birth cohort. The Two Bag Task was used to measure 2‐year or 4‐year parenting dimensions. Children's reading, math, gross motor, and fine motor scores were assessed at 5 years. Multivariable linear regression models were fitted to test the interactions between SGA and 2‐year or 4‐year parenting dimensions on 5‐year cognitive and psychomotor outcomes (dependent variables).ResultsThere were significant interactions between SGA and early parenting on 5‐year reading, math, and fine motor scores. The gap between SGA and AGA children in 5‐year fine motor score was attenuated to null [−0.25 (95% confidence interval, −0.41, −0.09) vs. 0.03 (−0.13, 0.20)] when 2‐year parental sensitivity score increased from 1 standard deviation (SD) below mean (Mean − SD) to 1 SD above mean (Mean + SD). The gap between SGA and AGA children in 5‐year fine motor [−0.28 (−0.44, −0.13) vs. 0.06 (−0.09, 0.22)] and math [−1.32 (−2.27, −0.37) vs. 0.20 (−0.77, 1.17)] scores was also attenuated to null when 4‐year parental emotional support score increased from Mean − SD to Mean + SD. In contrast, the gap between SGA and AGA children in 5‐year reading score increased from 0.49 (−0.90, 1.88) to −1.31 (−2.55, −0.07) when 4‐year parental intrusiveness score increased from Mean − SD to Mean + SD. Similarly, the gap between SGA and AGA children in fine motor score increased with 4‐year parental negative regard from 0.02 (−0.14, 0.18) to −0.23 (−0.38, −0.08).ConclusionsEarly high‐quality parenting may buffer some adversity in long‐term reading, math, and fine motor skills related to SGA birth, whereas low‐quality parenting can amplify the adversity.
Reduction of Escherichia coli O157:H7 population on baby spinach leaves by liquid sanitizers
Authors: Pyatkovskyy Taras , Shynkaryk Mykola , Yousef Ahmed , Sastry Sudhir K. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe effectiveness of various liquid sanitizers and methods of application against Escherichia coli on baby spinach was investigated. Inoculated spinach was treated with (i) Pro‐San L (commercially prepared solution containing 0.66% citric acid, 0.036% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS); (ii) chlorine solution (200 ppm), alone or with addition of 0.036% SDS; and (iii) aqueous solution of 0.66% levulinic acid with 0.036% SDS. Population reduction in response to these treatments ranged between 2.1 and 2.8 log CFU/g. No significant difference (p > .05) was found among tested sanitizers in microbial count reduction. Spraying, dipping, and “dry” vacuum impregnation methods of Pro‐San L application were compared. Dipping was the most effective in reducing E. coli O157:H7 population (4.4 log CFU/g reduction). Dry vacuum impregnation was less effective (3.3 log CFU/g reduction) and caused damage to the produce. The effectiveness of spray Pro‐San L application and holding for prolonged time (up to 3 days) was also evaluated. However, increasing time of exposure to organic acid sanitizer did not increase sanitizing effectiveness and led to progressive damage of spinach leaves.
Application of multicriteria decision technique to determine optimum sodium alginate concentration for microencapsulation of Lactobacillus casei Shirota by extrusion and emulsification
Authors: Gul Osman , Dervisoglu Muhammet 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sodium alginate concentration on microencapsulation of probiotic Lactobacillus casei Shirota (LCS) by extrusion and emulsification methods and determine the optimum alginate concentration using Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) approach. Determined morphology and size of the capsules, encapsulation efficiency, release of entrapped cells, and survivability of entrapped cell exposed heat treatment, simulated gastric and intestinal juice conditions were significantly varied depending on encapsulation method and alginate concentrations (p < .05). The beads obtained with extrusion more protected the probiotic cells than beads obtained with emulsification. TOPSIS was performed to determine optimum alginate concentration regarding capsule size, encapsulation efficiency, release rate of entrapped cells, and survivability of entrapped cell exposed heat treatment, simulated gastric and intestinal juice conditions. According to TOPSIS, 2% and 2.5% of alginate may be effectively used to microencapsulation of LCS for extrusion and emulsification methods, respectively.Practical applicationsMicroencapsulation is a technology that is widely used for enclosed valuable core material in very small capsules with coating materials. The stability of microencapsulated probiotic bacteria is affected by several factors such as coating material and its concentration, microencapsulation methods, etc. The results of this work present the optimum sodium alginate concentration using TOPSIS for microencapsulation of Lactobacillus casei Shirota by extrusion and emulsification methods and present the ideal microencapsulation method.
Implementing a Dynamic Life Cycle Assessment Methodology with a Case Study on Domestic Hot Water Production
Authors: Beloin‐Saint‐Pierre Didier , Levasseur Annie , Margni Manuele , Blanc Isabelle 
Published: September 2016

SummaryThis work contributes to the development of a dynamic life cycle assessment (DLCA) methodology by providing a methodological framework to link a dynamic system modeling method with a time‐dependent impact assessment method. This three‐step methodology starts by modeling systems where flows are described by temporal distributions. Then, a temporally differentiated life cycle inventory (TDLCI) is calculated to present the environmental exchanges through time. Finally, time‐dependent characterization factors are applied to the TDLCI to evaluate climate‐change impacts through time. The implementation of this new framework is illustrated by comparing systems producing domestic hot water (DHW) over an 80‐year period. Electricity is used to heat water in the first system, whereas the second system uses a combination of solar energy and gas to heat an equivalent amount of DHW at the same temperature. This comparison shows that using a different temporal precision (i.e., monthly vs. annual) to describe process flows can reverse conclusions regarding which case has the best environmental performance. Results also show that considering the timing of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduces the absolute values of carbon footprint in the short‐term when compared with results from the static life cycle assessment. This pragmatic framework for the implementation of time in DLCA studies is proposed to help in the development of the methodology. It is not yet a fully operational scheme, and efforts are still required before DLCA can become state of practice.
A comparative study of the effect of Bio‐Oss® in combination with concentrated growth factors or bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells in canine sinus grafting
Authors: Wang Fang , Li Qiong , Wang Zuolin 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundTo compare the effects of Bio‐Oss® in combination with concentrated growth factors (CGFs) and bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on bone regeneration for maxillary sinus floor augmentation in beagle dogs.MethodsSix beagle dogs received bilateral maxillary sinus floor augmentation. Venous blood drawn from dogs was collected and centrifuged to obtain CGFs. BMSCs derived from canine bone marrow were cultured using density gradient centrifugation. The suspension of BMSCs was added onto Bio‐Oss® granules at a density of 2 × 106 cells/ml, and the BMSCs/Bio‐Oss® constructs were incubated for an additional 4 h before use. Twelve sinuses were grafted with a mixture of CGFs/Bio‐Oss®, BMSCs/Bio‐Oss® construct, or Bio‐Oss® alone. Six months later, the bone formation of bilateral sinuses was evaluated by Micro‐CT, microhardness test, histological examination, and histomorphometry.ResultsNo adverse effect was found in these dogs. The dome‐shaped augmentation protruded into the sinus cavity. Micro‐CT revealed that there was significant difference in BV/TV but not in Tb. N, between groups A, B, and C. The extent of microhardness in groups A and B was significantly higher than in group C. The proportion of newly formed bone in groups A and B showed significant difference when compared to group C (P ≤ 0.01). The amount of residual grafts in groups A and B was significantly lower than in group C.ConclusionsGrafting with Bio‐Oss® in combination with CGFs can increase new bone formation more efficiently than using Bio‐Oss® alone in a canine model.
Support From Parents and Teachers in Relation to Psychosomatic Health Complaints Among Adolescents
Authors: Kjellström Jannike , Modin Bitte , Almquist Ylva B 
Published: September 2016

This study explores the relative contribution of parental and teacher support to adolescents’ psychosomatic health complaints, with a particular focus on gender and age differences. Based on a survey of 49,172 ninth‐ and eleventh‐grade students in Stockholm (2006–2014), structural equation modeling results demonstrated negative associations between parental and teacher support on psychosomatic health complaints. Parental support had a stronger association with the outcome among girls than boys. It was also more important than teacher support for psychosomatic health complaints. Parental support was more important for younger girls’ health compared to older girls, with opposite patterns for teacher support. These findings highlight the need to consider gender and age to understand the links between social support and health during adolescence.
Associations Between Victimization and Adolescents' Self‐Reported Responses to Peer Provocation Are Moderated by Peer‐Reported Aggressiveness
Authors: Dirks Melanie A. , Cuttini Laura A. , Mott Addison , Henry David B. 
Published: September 2016

Many early adolescents experience peer victimization, but little research has examined how they respond to aggression by peers. Thus, in a large sample of early adolescents (N = 648; M age = 12.96; SD = 0.30; 52.0% female), we examined (1) the associations between peer‐reported victimization and self‐reported responses to peer provocation, and (2) whether these associations were moderated by peer‐reported aggression. In particular, we predicted that the reported use of assertion, a strategy generally viewed as socially skillful, would be associated with less victimization, but only for youth low on peer‐reported aggression. Results were consistent with this hypothesis. Moreover, seeking adult intervention was associated with greater victimization for youth high on peer‐reported aggression. Implications for research and practice are discussed.