bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The concept of exposure in environmental health for nursing
Authors: Thompson Marcella Remer , Schwartz Barcott Donna 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAimTo report an analysis of the concept of exposure in environmental health for nursing.BackgroundThe importance of the environment has long been recognized in nursing, although the nature and scope of the concept and how it influences health have varied over time. Exposure is the sufficient and necessary link between environment and health. In nursing practice, the word ‘exposure’ has been used frequently with no clear standard definition.DesignConcept analysis using Kim's first‐level analytics.Data sourcesChronological review (1980–2015) of the nursing science literature was conducted through ProQuest Dissertations and Theses and CINAHL, followed by a multi‐disciplinary search through PubMed (1980–2015), texts and the Internet to compare definitions and measurements of exposure and related concepts.MethodsExplicit and implicit conceptual definitions and measurements of exposure were identified, categorized and analysed.ResultsThe newly defined concept of ‘exposure’ is a process involves three phases: 1, contact is made between a target and one or more agents in the same environment; 2, the agent accesses the target by one or more routes of entry; and 3, the agent enters the target by crossing a barrier or boundary. Existing measurements related to each phase are identified and discussed. Definitions of ‘target’ and ‘agent’ were refined for congruency.ConclusionConsistent use of terms as defined is critical to development of nursing knowledge. These concepts should be incorporated into nursing‐related research to evaluate their usefulness to nursing. Alignment of this concept with relevant theories should be critically examined.
Aggressive Behaviour Risk Assessment Tool for newly admitted residents of long‐term care homes
Authors: Kim Son Chae , Young Lori , Berry Brigette 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to revise the 10‐item Aggressive Behaviour Risk Assessment Tool for predicting aggressive events among residents newly admitted to long‐term care homes.BackgroundThe original tool had acceptable sensitivity and specificity for identifying potentially aggressive patients in acute care medical‐surgical units, but its usefulness in long‐term care homes is unknown.DesignA retrospective cohort study design was used.MethodsAll residents admitted to 25 long‐term care homes in western Canada were assessed for the risk of aggression using the original tool within 24 hours of admission from January 2014 ‐ December 2014 (n = 724). Incident reports of aggressive events occurring within 30 days of admission were collected. Multiple logistic regression and receiver operating characteristics analyses were performed.ResultsFifty‐three residents of 724 exhibited aggressive behaviours. The demographic variable of age less than 85 years was found to be a positive predictor of aggressive events in multivariate logistic regression model and was added to the tool. The revised six‐item Aggressive Behaviour Risk Assessment Tool for Long‐Term Care consists of one new item, age less than 85 years and five items from the original tool: History of physical aggression, physically aggressive/threatening, anxiety, confusion/cognitive impairment and threatening to leave. The receiver operating characteristics of the revised tool with weighted scoring showed a good discriminant ability with satisfactory sensitivity and specificity at the recommended cut‐off score of 4.ConclusionThe revised six‐item tool may be useful in identifying potentially aggressive residents newly admitted to long‐term care homes.
Child protection services and parents with intellectual and developmental disabilities
Authors: LaLiberte Traci , Piescher Kristine , Mickelson Nicole , Lee Mi Hwa 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundInformation about parents with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) in the child protection system (CPS) continues to evolve. This study examined characteristics, experiences and representation of parents with IDD across three CPS decision points, as compared to parents with other disabilities and parents without disabilities in the United States.MethodsThe sample consisted of 303,039 individuals: 2,081 were individuals identified as parents in a CPS investigation; 1,101 had children in out‐of‐home care (OHC); and 308 experienced termination of parental rights (TPR). Descriptive statistics, chi‐square analysis, disparity indices and logistic regression were employed.ResultsParents with IDD were significantly more likely than parents without disabilities (but not significantly more likely than parents with other types of disabilities) to experience disproportionately representation.ConclusionsParents with IDD are generally over‐represented within CPS; however, this representation is dependent upon the comparison group utilized and other risk factors. CPS system‐level changes are necessary.
New insight on vertebral anomalies in cultured Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis, Kaup) at early stages of development
Authors: de Azevedo A M , Losada A P , Ferreiro I , Riaza A , Vázquez S , Quiroga M I 
Published: December 2016

AbstractSenegalese sole (Solea senegalensis, Kaup) is a promising flatfish species in aquaculture. However, skeletal anomalies are still a great concern in sole farming. Investigation of this issue is crucial to improving larval quality and optimizing production. The aim of this study was to thoroughly assess anomalies in the rachis of reared sole at early developmental stages. Sole (n = 507) were sampled at 31 or 32 days after hatching (dah). The specimens were stained with alcian blue and alizarin red and evaluated for the detection of vertebral deformities. Most fish presented 9:34:3 vertebrae in abdominal, caudal and caudal complex regions, respectively. Remarkably, all specimens showed at least one spinal anomaly. Alterations of neural/haemal elements, as well as deformities of hypurals, parhypural and epural, were recurrent. Vertebral body anomalies and/or vertebral column deviations were identified in 52% of the individuals. Vertebral deformations and fusions were common, especially in caudal complex. ‘Minor’ anomalies were predominant, and some of the detected disorders might be a result of non‐/low‐pathological processes. These results contribute a new insight into the main skeletal anomalies affecting cultured sole larvae. Further research is required to determine their impact on fish welfare and external appearances at commercial stages.
Assessing the clinical and economic impact of increasing treatment uptake in chronic hepatitis B infection using a Markov model
Authors: Chinnaratha Mohamed A , Kaambwa Billingsley , Woodman Richard J , Fraser Robert J , Wigg Alan J 
Published: December 2016

AbstractTreatment uptake in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is low in South Australia, and the cost‐effectiveness of increasing treatment uptake rates in this population has not been assessed.Aims and MethodsUsing a cohort Markov model, cost‐effectiveness was assessed for three different treatment uptake scenarios: 2.9% (current level—scenario 1), 10% (scenario 2), and 15% (scenario 3). The initial HBV population included 2550 treatment eligible patients who transitioned between six different health states over a 10‐year period. Treatment transition probabilities were based on tenofovir therapy, while those not assigned to treatment followed the natural history transition probabilities. We estimated the incremental cost per quality adjusted life year gained using the prevented number of deaths, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver transplants.ResultsScenario 3 was associated with the lowest mean cost/person over 10 years (AU$60 133), compared with scenario 2 (AU$61 964) and scenario 1 (AU$64 597). Scenario 3 was also associated with the highest quality adjusted life year gained (8.196) compared with scenario 2 (7.985) and scenario 1 (7.684). Scenario 3 would result in 50% reduction in hepatocellular carcinoma and 30% reduction in HBV‐related mortality compared with scenario 1, over a 10‐year period. Higher treatment uptake was found to be cost‐effective with at least 2 years of treatment at either 10% or 15% of the target population.ConclusionMaximizing the treatment uptake in the existing HBV population from 2.9% to 15% was cost‐effective for periods of 2 years or more. This was due to a reduction in the number of expected clinical events.
Comparative evaluation of performance measures for shading correction in time‐lapse fluorescence microscopy
Authors: LIU L. , KAN A. , LECKIE C. , HODGKIN P.D. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryTime‐lapse fluorescence microscopy is a valuable technology in cell biology, but it suffers from the inherent problem of intensity inhomogeneity due to uneven illumination or camera nonlinearity, known as shading artefacts. This will lead to inaccurate estimates of single‐cell features such as average and total intensity. Numerous shading correction methods have been proposed to remove this effect. In order to compare the performance of different methods, many quantitative performance measures have been developed. However, there is little discussion about which performance measure should be generally applied for evaluation on real data, where the ground truth is absent. In this paper, the state‐of‐the‐art shading correction methods and performance evaluation methods are reviewed. We implement 10 popular shading correction methods on two artificial datasets and four real ones. In order to make an objective comparison between those methods, we employ a number of quantitative performance measures. Extensive validation demonstrates that the coefficient of joint variation (CJV) is the most applicable measure in time‐lapse fluorescence images. Based on this measure, we have proposed a novel shading correction method that performs better compared to well‐established methods for a range of real data tested.
Primary care nursing activities with patients affected by physical chronic disease and common mental disorders: a qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Girard Ariane , Hudon Catherine , Poitras Marie‐Eve , Roberge Pasquale , Chouinard Maud‐Christine 
Published: December 2016

Aims and objectivesTo describe nursing activities in primary care with patients affected by physical chronic disease and common mental disorders.BackgroundPatients in primary care who are affected by physical chronic disease and common mental disorders such as anxiety and depression require care and follow‐up based on their physical and mental health condition. Primary care nurses are increasingly expected to contribute to the care and follow‐up of this growing clientele. However, little is known about the actual activities carried out by primary care nurses in providing this service in the Province of Quebec (Canada).MethodsA qualitative descriptive study was conducted. Data were obtained through semistructured individual interviews with 13 nurses practising among patients with physical chronic disease in seven Family Medicine Groups in Quebec (Canada).ResultsParticipants described five activity domains: assessment of physical and mental health condition, care planning, interprofessional collaboration, therapeutic relationship and health promotion.ConclusionThe full potential of primary care nurses is not always exploited, and some activities could be improved. Evidence for including nurses in collaborative care for patients affected by physical chronic disease and common mental disorders has been shown but is not fully implemented in Family Medicine Groups. Future research should emphasise collaboration among mental health professionals, primary care nurses and family physicians in the care of patients with physical chronic disease and common mental disorders.Relevance to clinical practicePrimary care nurses would benefit from gaining more knowledge about common mental disorders and from identifying the resources they need to contribute to managing them in an interdisciplinary team.
Peanut allergy as a family project: social relations and transitions in adolescence
Authors: Stensgaard Anette , Bindslev‐Jensen Carsten , Nielsen Dorthe 
Published: December 2016

Aims and objectivesTo explore and better understand the impact that peanut allergy can have on family experiences in everyday life through interviews with individual family members.BackgroundPeanut allergy affects adolescents' quality of life through the need to avoid eating peanut‐containing food and the risk of anaphylaxis. Adolescence is a period of increasing separation from parents and has the highest risk of food fatalities.DesignA qualitative interview study taking a phenomenological‐hermeneutical approach.MethodsData were generated through semi‐structured individual interviews with the adolescent with peanut allergy, and both parents and a sibling. Five families were interviewed, with 20 participants in total. The theoretical foundation was the family as an interactive system, and data were analysed with Ricoeur's theory of interpretation.ResultsThe consequences of peanut allergy appeared to affect all family members and required knowledge and understanding, especially in the social network. Siblings took responsibility and had concerns for the well‐being of the adolescent with allergy, while parents expressed difficulties with their child's transition to independence and their subsequent loss of control. Social relations with new family members or friends were challenged by lack of knowledge about the potential seriousness of peanut allergy.ConclusionsRisk and uncertainty were permanent companions for the adolescents with peanut allergy and their families. It takes time to acquire the necessary understanding about peanut allergy and the risk of anaphylaxis. The adolescent's social network also needs this knowledge during the transition to independent living.Relevance to clinical practiceIn the management of peanut allergy in adolescence, it is important to consider not only the smaller biological family unit (mothers, fathers and siblings) but to also take a wider perspective to include others such as stepfamily and friends.
Breast‐related stereotype threat contributes to a symptom cluster in women with breast cancer
Authors: Li Jie , Gao Wei , Yu Li‐Xiang , Zhu Song‐Ying , Cao Feng‐Lin 
Published: December 2016

Aims and objectivesTo investigate the prevalence of breast‐related stereotype threat and its effects on a symptom cluster consisting of anxiety, depression and fatigue and on each symptom.BackgroundThe stereotype that breasts are a sign of women's femininity results in patients with breast cancer fearing diminished femininity and rejection, which may induce psychological problems that co‐occur as a symptom cluster.DesignCross‐sectional study.MethodsA total of 131 patients with breast cancer postmastectomy completed the study. A question measuring breast‐related stereotype threat, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy‐Fatigue Scale were used to assess their breast‐related stereotype threat and symptoms of anxiety, depression and fatigue.ResultsOf the 131 patients who answered the breast‐related stereotype threat question, 86 (65·6%) reported breast‐related stereotype threat. They did not differ significantly in social and clinical characteristics compared with those without the stereotype, but did report significantly higher levels of the symptom cluster and each symptom (anxiety, depression and fatigue). The odds ratios of the stereotype were significant for the symptom cluster, depression and fatigue (odds ratios = 2·52–3·98, p < 0·05).ConclusionThe breast‐related stereotype threat was common in patients with breast cancer. There was about a twofold increase in their risk of experiencing the symptom cluster and symptoms of depression and fatigue.Relevance to clinical practiceIn clinical practice, breast‐related stereotype threat should be measured together with prevalent symptoms (e.g. anxiety, depression and fatigue) in patients with breast cancer. Our findings will aid the development of interventions for improving the mental health of women with breast cancer.
Coping strategies of Taiwanese children with autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Chin Wei‐Chih , Chao Kuo‐Yu , Chang Hsueh‐Ling , Li Hsin‐Mei , Chen Sue‐Hsien 
Published: December 2016

Aims and ObjectivesTo explore and describe the coping experiences of children with autism spectrum disorders in Taiwan.BackgroundChildren with autism spectrum disorders are faced with daily social and living challenges, which can cause stress. Chinese culture emphasises discipline and obedience, which may influence coping strategies of children with autism spectrum disorders in Taiwan.DesignThis qualitative study employed an exploratory descriptive design.MethodData were collected from in‐depth, face‐to‐face structured interviews. Interviews explored coping strategies of Taiwanese school‐aged children (aged 6–19) with autism spectrum disorders. Children (N = 17) and their caregivers were recruited by purposive sampling. Transcribed interview data were thematically analysed using the procedure of Miles and Huberman.ResultFive themes emerged from the analysis of the data, which described the coping strategies of the children: (1) problem‐solving, (2) acting‐out, (3) avoidance, (4) seeking help and (5) self‐regulation. These themes included multiple coping strategies, which employed the concepts of engagement and disengagement.ConclusionsThe children with autism spectrum disorder used many strategies to cope with the stresses resulting from behaviours and symptoms associated with the disorder. Most of the Taiwanese children use both problem‐solving and emotional‐focused coping strategies.Relevance to Clinical PracticeUnderstanding coping strategies of children with autism spectrum disorder could help caregivers (parents, teachers) and medical professionals develop interventions to reduce these challenges, which could alleviate stress and improve social functioning for these children.
An integrative literature review to examine the provision of self‐management support following transient ischaemic attack
Authors: Kessler Dorothy , Liddy Clare 
Published: December 2016

Aims and objectivesTo identify the types of self‐management support that have been provided to persons with transient ischaemic attack and the evidence for the effectiveness of these programmes.BackgroundSelf‐management is a key element for the effective management of chronic conditions. For persons with transient ischaemic attack, secondary stroke prevention is a recognised standard of care. Best practice guidelines indicate that persons who have experienced transient ischaemic attack should be supported to develop self‐management skills. However, it is not clear how best to support the development of these skills.DesignAn integrative literature review was conducted.MethodsA search was conducted using Medline, Embase, HealthSTAR, CINAHL and PsycINFO. Published quantitative and qualitative studies, abstracts or dissertations describing the provision, experience or outcomes of self‐management interventions for people with transient ischaemic attack, and published in English before March 2016, were included. Articles were selected and rated separately by two reviewers. The American Academy for Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine Level of Evidence and Conduct Rating tools were used for rating. Interventions were described and compared, and evidence was presented using the traffic lighting system.ResultsSixteen interventions representing a variety of group‐ and individual‐based interventions were identified. Interventions differed in target population, content, structure, duration and outcomes. Only four interventions were specifically designed for persons with transient ischaemic attack. While evidence to support self‐management interventions is promising, there is limited evidence to support any one intervention. However, one good‐quality randomised controlled trial supports the provision of a group self‐management programme for improving blood pressure control.ConclusionsThere are numerous interventions to support self‐management by persons with transient ischaemic attack. More research is needed to determine which approaches are most effective. Given the limited evidence to support any one program for persons with TIA, clinicians and programs that provide self‐management support should evaluate and monitor outcomes to ensure client needs are being met.
Patients experiences of negative pressure wound therapy at home for the treatment of deep perivascular groin infection after vascular surgery
Authors: Monsen Christina , Acosta Stefan , Kumlien Christine 
Published: December 2016

Aims and objectivesTo explore experiences of negative pressure wound therapy at home, in patients with deep perivascular groin infection after vascular surgery and management in daily life.BackgroundDeep surgical site infection after vascular surgery with exposed vessels often requires long‐term treatment with negative pressure wound therapy, and continued therapy at home has become routine.DesignAn explorative qualitative study.MethodsNine men and six women with a deep surgical site infection in the groin after vascular surgery, treated in their home with negative pressure wound therapy, were interviewed. The interviews were analysed using manifest and latent content analysis.ResultsUndergoing negative pressure wound therapy at home meant a transition from being a dependent patient to a person who must have self‐care competence and be involved in their own care. A need to feel prepared for this before discharge from hospital was expressed. Lack of information and feelings of uncertainty prolonged the time before feeling confident in managing the treatment. The informants gradually accepted the need to be tied up to a machine, became competent in its management and found solutions to perform everyday tasks. Overall, it was a relief to be treated at home.ConclusionsSeveral benefits of negative pressure wound therapy at home were expressed. However, unnecessary stress and anxiety were experienced due to a lack of information on the treatment and instruction concerning the equipment. Adequate information and education must therefore be provided to facilitate the transition from a patient to a person with self‐care competence and ability to manage this treatment at home.Relevance to clinical practiceThe findings revealed a need for more support and knowledge in their transition from hospital care to home care with negative pressure wound therapy. Routines must be established that ensure patient safety and security in treatment at home.