bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behavioral regression in shank3Δex4-22 mice during early adulthood corresponds to cerebellar granule cell glutamatergic synaptic changes
Authors: Kshetri Rajaram , Beavers James , Hyde Romana , Ewa Roseline , Schwertman Amber , Porcayo Sarahi , Richardson Ben 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background: Shank3, a gene encoding a synaptic scaffolding protein, is implicated in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and is disrupted in Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMS). Despite evidence of regression or worsening of ASD-like symptoms in individuals with PMS, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Although shank3 is highly expressed in the cerebellar cortical granule cells, its role in cerebellar function and contribution to behavioral deficits in ASD models are unknown. This study investigates behavioral changes and cerebellar synaptic alterations in shank3Δex4-22 mice at two developmental stages.
Methods: Shank3Δex4-22 wildtype, heterozygous, and homozygous knockout mice lacking exons 4-22 (all functional isoforms) were subjected to a behavioral battery in both juvenile (5-7 weeks old) and adult (3-5 months old) mouse cohorts of both sexes. Immunostaining was used to show the expression of SHANK3 in the cerebellar cortex. Spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) from cerebellar granule cells (CGCs) were recorded by whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology.
Results: Deletion of shank3ex4-22 caused deficits in motor function, heightened anxiety, and repetitive behaviors. These genotype-dependent behavioral alterations were more prominent in adult mice than in juveniles. Reduced social preference was only identified in adult shank3Δex4-22 knockout mice and self-grooming was uniquely elevated only in males across both age groups. Immunofluorescence staining indicates the presence of SHANK3 predominantly in the dendrite-containing rosette-like structures in CGCs, colocalizing with presynaptic markers of glutamatergic mossy fiber. Electrophysiological findings identify a parallel relationship between the age-related exacerbation of behavioral impairments and the enhancement of sEPSC amplitude in CGCs.
Limitations: Other behavioral tests of muscle strength (grip strength test), memory (Barnes/water maze), and communication (ultrasonic vocalization), were not performed. Further study is necessary to elucidate how SHANK3 modulates synaptic function at the mossy fiber-granule cell synapse in the cerebellum.
Conclusions: Our findings reveal an age-related exacerbation of behavioral impairments in shank3Δex4-22 mutant mice. These results suggest that SHANK3 may play a role in maintaining glutamatergic receptors and synapses in CGCs, as well as the potential involvement of the cerebellum in ASD.
Thermal Metamaterials. Form factors for effective thermal conductivity calculations.
Authors: Rosa Angela Camacho de la , Esquivel-Sir Raul 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

We present a general derivation of the form factors for two-phase composites needed in the calculation of the effective thermal conductivity. The composite is made of a homogeneous matrix with a random distribution of inclusions with regular shapes, both isotropic. The method is tested with known inclusion geometries such as spheres, ellipsoids, and circular fibers. The form factor for fibers with elliptical cross-sections is also presented. The method is applied to toroidal inclusions, and we show that in this case, it is not possible to relate the effective thermal conductivity to the volume fraction of the inclusions. This paper explores the concept of thermal metamaterials, their properties, fabrication techniques, and potential applications. Despite its regular use, we show that homogenization procedures, such as the Maxwell-Garnett model, are valid only if the system can be described as a separable-coordinate system.
Characterizing Clinical and Hormonal Profiles of Acne in North African Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Abdessalem Fatma Ben , Ach Taieb , Fetoui Nadia Ghariani , Mraihi Emna , Abdelkarim Asma Ben 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the leading endocrine disorder in young women of childbearing age. Dermatological issues, particularly acne, are a major reason for medical consultations. This study seeks to establish the prevalence of PCOS among patients with acne and to compare the metabolic and hormonal clinical characteristics of acne patients with PCOS to those with isolated acne. Patients and Methods: This was a prospective study conducted with analytical objectives at the Endocrinology Department and Dermatology Department of CHU Farhat Hached Sousse. The study included patients seeking treatment for acne from January 2023 to January 2024, divided into two groups: those with confirmed PCOS (G1) and those with isolated acne (G2). All patients underwent hormonal assessment and ovarian ultrasound. Results: We conducted a study involving 212 patients. We found that 65.6% of acne patients had been diagnosed with PCOS. Nodular lesions were significantly more frequent in G1 (p = 0.02). Acne was linked with hirsutism, which was more prevalent in G1 (94.2% G1 vs. 67.1% G2), as well as androgenic alopecia (51% G1 vs. 21.9% G2) (p < 10− 3). G1 showed evidence of biological hyperandrogenism, with a mean testosterone level of 0.72 ± 0.27 ng/mL, significantly higher than in G2. The LH/FSH ratio was greater than 1 in 72.7% of G1 cases, with a notable difference from G2. In our study, acne in G1 appeared to be more severe and was associated with hypertestosteronemia (p = 0.041) and hyperprolactinemia (p = 0.008). According to our results, phenotype A was the most likely to cause severe acne (p = 0.043). Conclusion: Our work is unique in that it brings to light this hidden aspect of the dermatological impact of PCOS, prompting physicians to screen for this endocrine disorder in all adult women seeking acne treatment.
Pharmacokinetics, mass balance, and metabolism of [14C]PLB1004, a selective and irreversible EGFR-TKI in humans
Authors: Liu Donghui , Li Qian , Yan Shu , Zhang Xinyue , Li Weiqiang , Wang Feiyu , Gao Lei , Geng Fei , Zhou Haiyan , Ye Panpan , Zhao Furong , Xue Weizhe , Zhang Peilong , Diao Xingxing , Zhao Wei 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose
PLB1004, developed by Beijing Avistone Biotechnology Co., Ltd., is a safe, highly selective, and efficient irreversible epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) employed in treating non-small-cell-lung-cancer (NSCLC). This study investigated its pharmacokinetics, mass balance, and metabolism in 6 healthy Chinese male subjects treated with 160 mg (70 µCi) [14C]PLB1004.
Methods
Following drug administration, samples of blood, urine and feces were collected for quantitative determination of total radioactivity and metabolites were identified through radioactivity detection coupled with UHPLC-MS/MS.
Results
Following drug administration, the median radioactive Tmax was 4.17 h in plasma, with the average t1/2 of PLB1004-related components in plasma of approximately 54.3 h. Over 264 h post-administration, the average cumulative excretion among the six subjects was 95.01% of the administered dose, with 84.71% and 10.30% excreted in feces and urine, respectively. Nine metabolites were characterized and identified and the parent drug PLB1004 was detected in plasma, urine, and feces. Among these metabolites, M689 was the most prevalent one in plasma, urine, and feces, constituting 25.37% of the total plasma radioactivity, and 55.88% and 1.73% of the administrated dose in feces and urine, respectively.
Conclusion
Fecal excretion emerged as PLB1004 excretion route, while urinary excretion via the kidneys served as the secondary route. The primarily metabolic pathways are oxidation, demethylation, dehydrogenation, and cysteine conjugation in humans.
Investigation the role of PAN binder in improving the efficiency of Si/rGO anode material for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Karimi Zahra , Sadeghi Ali , Ghaffarinejad Ali 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Silicon-based anode materials are considered promising alternatives for conventional graphite anodes of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to their eco-friendliness and high specific capacity. But, some drawbacks such as large volume changes and poor conductivity limit their wide usage. Hence, the utilization of graphene-based materials can enhance the electrochemical characteristics of these anodes. Additionally, the polar inherent of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) binder can lead to a great adhesive of active materials which causes better cyclability. Therefore, in this study, a cost-effective and scalable procedure was employed to produce silicon/reduced graphene oxide (Si/rGO) composition via thermal annealing of GO to prepare a suitable anode material with PAN binder for LIBs. Inspired by this structure, a novel anode active material was fabricated which exhibited a high initial discharge capacity of 1247.32 mAh/g at 0.05 C with ~ 99% columbic efficiency.
Genomes and population genomics of Cenococcum geophilum highlight the genetic diversity, evolution, and stress responses of ectomycorrhizal fungi
Authors: Lian Chunlan , Li Chaofeng , Yuan Chao , Shi Yuyu , Geng Qifang , Li Jiali , Matsushita Norihisa , Zhang Shengkui , Ma Jianchao , Tsuruta Momi , Xia Yan , Tao Yuanxun , Zhang Taoxiang , Goto Susumu , Obase Keisuke , Vaario Lu Min , - Siqinbilige , Zhang Hongxiao , Li Jianwen , Wu Jianrong , Kameyama Norikazu , Vélez Jessica M. , Jiao Bo , Zhang Shijie , Schadt Christopher W. , Piapukiew Jittra , Pachit Pawara , Kosolwattana Phobthum , Xu Jianping , Xing Haitao , Wu Songqing 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Cenococcum geophilum is among the most globally abundant ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi and often dominates the root systems of woody plants, particularly in extreme environments. Therefore, C. geophilum is an ideal model for studying genetic diversity and adaptation of ectomycorrhizal symbiosis. In this study, we constructed a C. geophilum pan-genome using six high-quality whole-genome sequences representing the global diversity and found that dispensable genes are important for its environmental adaptation. We identified millions of single-nucleotide polymorphisms, hundreds of thousands of small insertions/deletions, 0.04–0.2% structural variation, and 21 horizontally transferred genes from non-host plants. Based on resequencing data from 304 global isolates, we investigated the geographic structure of C. geophilum populations. Genome-wide association and transcriptome studies identified 161 genomic regions significantly associated with nine biological and environmental adaption characteristics, including 2738 candidate genes such as EVM0002574 for cadmium, salt, and high temperature stresses. These reference genomes and diversity datasets provide resources and a comparative genomic platform for the study of ectomycorrhizal symbioses.
Quantitative representation of dynamic properties and internal fissure in deep-seated damaged granite
Authors: Chu Huaibao , Chen Luyang , Wang Donghui , Sun Bo , Wen Zilong , Wei Haixia 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Understanding the dynamics of damaged rock masses and the evolution of internal fissures is beneficial to deep engineering. This manuscript takes the common granite in deep engineering as the research object. By applying impact loads, three initial damage states of rock samples were created, and Hopkinson impact tests were conducted at four confining pressure levels to analyze the dynamic characteristics of damaged granite. Selected rock samples of one type of damaged granite after impact at different confining pressures for CT scanning tests, and three-dimensional models of the rock samples were constructed using Avizo software to analyze the effect of confining pressure on the evolution of granite fissure patterns and to quantitatively represent the changes in internal fissure and three-dimensional fractal dimension. The results indicate that with increasing damage, the peak stress and peak modulus of the damaged granite decrease, while the peak strain increases. When the initial damage is consistent, all three parameters increase with the rising confining pressure. Confining pressure alters the number and development direction of internal fissures in granite. Higher confining pressure results in fewer fissures, with their development direction shifting more towards the center of the sample and becoming straighter. As confining pressure increases, the overall volume of three-dimensional fissures in the rock sample gradually decreases, the volume and maximum length of through fissures decrease, the proportion of independent fissures increases, and the three-dimensional fractal dimension continuously decreases. This research provides valuable theoretical guidance for supporting and constructing surrounding rock in deep engineering projects.
A frequency-fixed power system dominated by renewable generations
Authors: Chen Lei , Min Yong , Lei Zhenyu , Xu Fei , Zhao Boyuan , Lu Zongxiang , Hao Ling 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Converter interfaced generation (CIG) is gradually replacing synchronous generator (SG) as the main form of power generation, leading to fundamental changes in system characteristics. The current mainstream technical approach is to have CIGs emulate the operational characteristics of SGs and to follow the traditional active power-frequency control framework. This approach not only inherits various stability issues of the system dominated by SGs, but also introduces some new converter-driven stability problems, and has compromised the system's safety and hindered the development of renewable energy sources. Here we propose a novel frequency-fixed active power control (FF-APC) framework that maintains active power balance independently of frequency for the system dominated by CIGs. In this framework, the system frequency is almost always fixed at its rated value, and power flow adjustments are implemented through direct phase angle control. The approach eliminates various safety issues related to frequency variations, and significantly enhances the ability to maintain synchronization and prevent oscillations. Moreover, it is compatible with existing power sources and therefore can be gradually implemented in current power systems. Our work breaks through the frequency-based power control framework that has been in use in AC power systems for over a century, and is more suitable for integration of renewable energy sources.
Out of sight, out of mind? Cost of minimizing visibility of nationwide renewable energy systems
Authors: Tsani Tsamara , Pelser Tristan , Ioannidis Romanos , Maier Rachel , Chen Ruihong , Risch Stanley , Kullmann Felix , McKenna Russell , Stolten Detlef , Weinand Jann 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Visual landscape impacts on scenic and populated places are important factors affecting local acceptance to large-scale renewable energy deployment. Through the combination of large-scale viewshed and techno-economic energy system analyses, we assess their potential impacts for nationwide renewable energy systems. In a case study of Germany, moderate consideration of visual impact by siting renewables out of sight of the most scenic and densely populated areas does not have a significant impact on system costs and design. However, with a higher sensitivity toward visual impacts, annual system costs would increase by up to 38% in the energy sector in 2045. In addition, this strategy would reduce the resilience of the energy system by increasing the reliance on green hydrogen imports and uncertain mass adoption of rooftop photovoltaics. The visual impact of renewable
energies cannot be completely eliminated, but careful planning could lead to a socially-acceptable deployment while understanding the implications for system costs and transformation pathways.
Harris Extended Dagum Distribution: Properties and Application
Authors: Bengalath Jabir , Punathumparambath Bindu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

In this paper, we introduce a new lifetime distribution called the Harris extended Dagum distribution, which is defined by four shape parameters and one scale parameter. Alternative expressions for the HED distribution have been created to make complex calculations easier. We look into some important properties of the distribution, such as the expression for its mean, variance, characteristics function, moment generating function, skewness and kurtosis, entropy measures, and the distribution of its order statistics. To determine the effectiveness of the HED distribution, we estimate its parameters using the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) method and test their accuracy with monte carlo simulations. Finally, we apply the HED distribution to three real-world datasets and compare its performance to several other competing distributions. Our findings reveal that the newly suggested HED distribution beats the other distributions regarding adaptability and effectiveness.
Assessing the Thermal Load of Low-Cost Cold Storage for Perishable Agricultural Products Used in Rural Areas of Bangladesh
Authors: Sarker Dip , Iqbal Parvez , Sarker Debasish 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Bangladesh is an agricultural country with a low food storage facility. More than 20-40% of perishable products waste which amounts to $2.4 billion. Field survey shows that people want fresh nutrient goods and farmers need enough time to sell their harvested goods at a fair price. The supply chain authorities also prefer to reduce perishable waste to increase their profit. To ensure food safety and proper supply management the implementation of low-cost cold storage will be an immediate solution. Areas (Districts) without storage facilities (e.g., Khagrachari, B.Baria, Mymensingh, Narial) can be covered as a storage-rich zone as well as can fulfill the government's scheme. Because of that objective, low-cost cold storage has been designed that comprises 28 m3 of space size with a storage capacity of 5000 kg of perishable fruits & vegetables. The product incoming rate is 1000kg/day and rice husk particles are used as an insulating material to minimize the cost. In the designing process, the cooling loads of different perishable fruits & vegetables are obtained using MATLAB coding. After considering the perishability rate and availability in the local market potato, mango watermelon and cauliflower are selected for this study.
Implementation of Wahdatul Ulum at FITK UINSU Medan
Authors: Nasution Abdul Fattah , Albina Meyniar , Syaifullah Muhammad 
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan karena adanya dikotomi keilmuan yang selama ini terjadi, khususnya di Perguruan Tinggi. Penelitian ini berlokasi di Fakultas Ilmu Tarbiyah dan Keguruan Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara dengan jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode wawancara dan dokumentasi. Sumber data penelitian ini adalah Dekan, Wakil Dekan I, Dosen Mata Kuliah Wahdatul Ulum, Sekretaris Pusat Wahdatul Ulum dan Mahasiswa yang sudah belajar Wahdatul Ulum. Adapun hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Nilai-nilai Wahdatul Ulum telah termaktub dalam visi-misi sesuai Statuta Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Medan dan keluarnya aturan bahwa pembelajaran Wahdatul Ulum khususnya mata kuliah adalah wajib untuk seluruh fakultas dan prodi, maka Fakultas Ilmu Tarbiyah dan Keguruan menerapkan mata kuliah Wahdatul Ulum dilaksanakan pada semester awal sejak tahun 2021-2022. Selain menjadikan Wahdatul Ulum sebagai mata kuliah, Pimpinan (Dekan) juga menerapkan seluruh perangkat pembelajaran khususnya RPS berbasis Wahdatul Ulum. Hal ini sesuai hasil temuan bahwa FITK memprogramkan rapat untuk penyusunan RPS berbasis Wahdatul Ulum. Pada Fakultas Ilmu Tarbiyah dan Keguruan, bahwa pembelajaran Wahdatul Ulum sudah diterapkan pada jenjang S1 dan untuk S2 dan S3 dengan program yang diorientasikan pada kemampuan riset tentang keilmuan, masalah kebangsaan, dan peradaban; (2) Pembelajaran Wahdatul Ulum di Fakultas Ilmu Tarbiyah dan Keguruan berjalan dengan baik, hal ini sejalan dengan hasil wawancara Dekan dan Wakil Dekan 1 FITK, hal ini senada dengan sekretaris pengurus pusat Wahdatul Ulum, yaitu bapak Dr. Mohammad Al Farabi, M.Ag serta Dosen Pengampu Mata Kuliah Wahdatul Ulum. Berdasarkan dari hasil wawancara, bahwa pernyataan dosen pengampu mata kuliah Wahdatul Ulum, menerima pembelajaran Wahdatul Ulum. Nilai-nilai Wahdatul Ulum sudah terintegrasi dalam RPS dari semua mata kuliah dan seluruh mahasiswa yang belajar wahdatul ulum menerima pembelajaran Wahdatul Ulum, dalam arti bahwa pembelajaran Wahdatul Ulum sudah terlaksana dengan baik; dan (3) Pembelajaran Wahdatul Ulum dapat mengembangkan pola pikir mahasiwa dengan integrasi keilmuan, tanpa adanya dikotomi keilmuan. Pembelajaran Wahdatul Ulum meningkatkan kesadaran mahasiswa bahwa sumber keilmuan adalah Allah Swt, maka dengan menyadari sumber keilmuan dan menyadari bahwa semua ilmu saling berkaitan, pola pikir mahasiswa terbuka dan dapat menerima kekurangan serta menghilangkan dikotomi keilmuan dalam diri mahasiswa. Mahasiswa yang belajar Wahdatul Ulum, memiliki pemikiran yang terbuka, menerima kekurangan, dan mental kuat dalam menghadapi masalah, hal ini sesuai pada hasil temuan dari indikator growth mindset.
Development and Characterization of an Anti-PD-L1 Immunotoxin for Targeted Cancer Therapy
Authors: Takhteh Ali , Hosseininejad-Chafi Mohammad , Oghalaie Akbar , Behdani Mahdi , Kazemi-Lomedasht Fatemeh 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Immunotoxins (ITs) represent a novel class of therapeutics with bifunctional
structures that facilitate their penetration through cell membranes to induce target cell
destruction. Programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1), a human cell surface protein, is overexpressed
in various cancers. This study aimed to construct a novel IT by genetically fusing an
anti-PD-L1 Nanobody (Nb) to a truncated diphtheria toxin (DT).

Methods:
The IT construct comprised a 127-amino acid anti-PD-L1 Nb fused to a 380-amino
acid fragment of DT, with an N-terminal 6x-His tag. Molecular cloning techniques were employed,
followed by transformation and verification through colony-PCR, enzyme digestion, and
sequencing. The anti-PD-L1 Nb was expressed in WK6 E. coli cells induced by Isopropyl β-D-1-
Thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) and purified from periplasmic extracts using immobilized Metal
Ion Affinity hromatography (IMAC). The IT was similarly expressed, purified, and validated via
SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis.

Results:
ELISA confirmed the binding activity of both Nb and IT to immobilized PD-L1 antigen,
whereas truncated DT exhibited no binding. MTT assays demonstrated significant cytotoxicity
of IT on A-431 cell lines compared to Nb and truncated DT controls. Statistical analyses
underscored the significance of these findings.

Conclusion:
This study provides a thorough characterization of the constructed IT, highlighting
its potential as a therapeutic agent targeting PD-L1-expressing cancer cells. The results support
the potential of this IT in cancer immunotherapy, emphasizing the need for further investigation
into its efficacy and safety profiles.

result:
ELISA results demonstrated the binding activity of both Nb and IT to immobilized PD-L1 antigen, while truncated DT showed no binding. Cytotoxicity evaluation using MTT assay revealed significant toxicity of IT on A-431 cell lines compared to Nb and truncated DT controls. Statistical analyses confirmed the significance of these findings.