bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The experimental flow to the Colorado River delta: Effects on carbon mobilization in a dry watercourse
Authors: Bianchi Thomas S. , Butman David , Raymond Peter A. , Ward Nicholas D. , Kates Rory J. S. , Flessa Karl W. , Zamora Hector , Arellano Ana R. , Ramirez Jorge , Rodriguez Eliana 
Published: March 2017

AbstractHere we report on the effects of an experimental flood on the carbon cycling dynamics in the dry watercourse of the Colorado River in Mexico. We observed post‐flood differences in the degree of decay, age, and concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), as well as dissolved CH4 and CO2 concentrations throughout the study site. Our results indicate that this flooded waterway was a limited source of CH4 and CO2 to the atmosphere during the event and that DOC age increased with time of flooding. Based on our findings, we suggest that the interplay between storage and mobilization of carbon and greenhouse gases in arid and semiarid regions is potentially sensitive to changing climate conditions, particularly hydrologic variability. Changes in the radiocarbon age of DOC throughout the flooding event suggest that organic matter (OM) that had been stored for long periods (e.g., millennial) was mobilized by the flooding event along with CO2. The OM residing in the dry riverbed that was mobilized into floodwaters had a signature reflective of degraded vascular plant OM and microbial biomass. Whether this microbial OM was living or dead, our findings support previous work in soils and natural waters showing that microbial OM can remain stable and stored in ecosystems for long time periods. As human appropriation of water resources continues to increase, the episodic drying and rewetting of once natural riverbeds and deltas may fundamentally alter the processing and storage of carbon in such systems.
Enhanced electron mixing and heating in 3‐D asymmetric reconnection at the Earth's magnetopause
Authors: Le A. , Daughton W. , Chen L.‐J. , Egedal J. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractElectron heating and mixing during asymmetric reconnection are studied with a 3‐D kinetic simulation that matches plasma parameters from Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) spacecraft observations of a magnetopause diffusion region. The mixing and heating are strongly enhanced across the magnetospheric separatrix compared to a 2‐D simulation. The transport of particles across the separatrix in 3‐D is attributed to lower hybrid drift turbulence excited at the steep density gradient near the magnetopause. In the 3‐D simulation (and not the 2‐D simulation), the electron temperature parallel to the magnetic field within the mixing layer is significantly higher than its upstream value in agreement with the MMS observations.
Fault size and depth extent of the Ecuador earthquake (Mw 7.8) of 16 April 2016 from teleseismic and tsunami data
Authors: Heidarzadeh Mohammad , Murotani Satoko , Satake Kenji , Takagawa Tomohiro , Saito Tatsuhiko 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe April 2016 Ecuador Mw 7.8 earthquake was the first megathrust tsunamigenic earthquake along the Ecuador‐Colombia subduction zone since 1979 (Mw 8.2 with 200 deaths from tsunami). While there was no tsunami damage from the 2016 earthquake, small tsunamis were recorded at Deep‐ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunami and tide gauges. Here we designed various fault models with and without shallow‐slip area and compared the computed teleseismic and tsunami waveforms with the observations. While teleseismic inversions were indifferent about inclusion or exclusion of the shallow slip, tsunami waveforms strongly favored the slip model without shallow slip. Our final slip model has a depth range of 15–44 km, and its western shallowest limit is located at the distance of ~60 km from the trench. Maximum and average slips were 2.5 and 0.7 m, respectively. The large‐slip area was 80 km (along strike) × 60 km (along dip) in the depth range of 15–35 km.
Comparison of quality of human serum albumin preparations in two pharmaceutical products
Authors: Nakae Hajime , Tomida Kouki , Kikuya Yoshihiro , Okuyama Manabu , Igarashi Toshiko 
Published: March 2017

AimHuman serum albumin (HSA) is known for its multiple functions, such as maintenance of colloid osmotic pressure, transport of endogenous and exogenous substances, and antioxidation. The aim of this study was to measure the redox state and concentrations of β‐d‐glucan and endotoxin to compare the quality of 5% HSA preparations from two different manufacturers.MethodsThe quality of 5% HSA preparations in two different pharmaceutical products (groups A and B) was compared in terms of the percentage of reduced and oxidized albumin and the contaminant level of β‐d‐glucan and endotoxin.ResultsThe percentage of human mercaptoalbumin in group A was significantly higher than that in group B (P < 0.01), whereas that of human non‐mercaptoalbumin‐2 in group A was significantly lower (P < 0.01). The concentration of β‐d‐glucan in group A was significantly lower than in group B (P < 0.01).ConclusionsThe present findings indicate the need for quality control of HSA preparations in applications involving the use of large volumes.
Nonisocyanate thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers based on poly(ethylene glycol) prepared through the transurethanization approach
Authors: Kébir Nasreddine , Nouigues Soumaya , Moranne Pierre , Burel Fabrice 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTNonisocyanate thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers (NIPUs) were synthesized with the transurethanization approach. Dimethyl dicarbamates (DCs) were prepared by the reaction of a diamine with an excess of dimethyl carbonate in the presence of 1,5,7‐triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec‐5‐ene (TBD) as a catalyst. Then, the polymers were obtained under neat conditions through the reaction of DC with polyethyleneglycol of average molecular weight of 1500 g/mol (PEG1500) at variable temperatures in the presence of different amounts of 1,4‐butanediol. TBD, dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTL), and K2CO3 were tested as catalysts. TBD and DBTL seemed to be more efficient than K2CO3 in the temperature range 140–160 °C. The obtained materials exhibited molecular weight values (Mw) up to 10,000 g/mol and thermal stabilities above 200 °C. The soft segments displayed glass‐transition temperature values that varied from −49 to −1 °C and melting temperature values that varied from 38 to 49 °C. Compared to polyurethane analogs, the NIPUs exhibited higher crystallinities and thermal stabilities. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44991.
A novel extracellular low‐temperature active phytase from Bacillus aryabhattai RS1 with potential application in plant growth
Authors: Pal Roy Moushree , Datta Subhabrata , Ghosh Shilpi 
Published: March 2017

Bacillus aryabhattai RS1 isolated from rhizosphere produced an extracellular, low temperature active phytase. The cultural conditions for enzyme production were optimized to obtain 35 U mL−1 of activity. Purified phytase had specific activity and molecular weight of 72.97 U mg−1 and ∼40 kDa, respectively. The enzyme was optimally active at pH 6.5 and 40°C and was highly specific to phytate. It exhibited higher catalytic activity at low temperature, retaining over 40% activity at 10°C. Phytase was more thermostable in presence of Ca2+ ion and retained 100% residual activity on preincubation at 20–50°C for 30 min. Partial phytase encoding gene, phyB (816 bp) was cloned and sequenced. The encoded amino acid sequence (272 aa) contained two conserved motifs, DA[A/T/E]DDPA[I/L/V]W and NN[V/I]D[I/L/V]R[Y/D/Q] of β‐propellar phytase and had lower sequence homology with other Bacillus phytases, indicating its novelty. Phytase and the bacterial inoculum were effective in improving germination and growth of chickpea seedlings under phosphate limiting condition. Moreover, the potential applications of the enzyme with relatively high activity at lower temperatures (20–30°C) could also be extended to aquaculture and food processing. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 33:633–641, 2017
Effects of ferrous iron on the performance and microbial community in aerobic granular sludge in relation to nutrient removal
Authors: Yilmaz Gulsum , Cetin Ender , Bozkurt Umit , Aleksanyan Magden Karin 
Published: March 2017

Lab‐scale experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of ferrous iron on nutrient removal performance and variations in the microbial community inside aerobic granular sludge for 408 days. Two reactors were simultaneously operated, one without added ferrous iron (SBR1), and one with 10 mg Fe2+ L−1 of added ferrous iron (SBR2). A total of 1 mg Fe2+ L−1 of added ferrous iron was applied to SBR1 starting from the 191st day to observe the resulting variations in the nutrient removal performance and the microbial community. The results show that ammonia‐oxidizing bacteria (AOB) could not oxidize ammonia due to a lack of iron compounds, but they could survive in the aerobic granular sludge. Limited ferrous iron addition encouraged nitrification. Enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) from both reactors could not be maintained regardless of the amount of ferrous iron that was applied. EBPR was established in both reactors when the concentration of mixed liquor suspended solid (MLSS) and the percentage of Accumulibacteria increased. A total of 10 mg Fe2+ L−1 of added ferrous iron had a relatively adverse effect on the growth of AOB species compared to 1 mg Fe2+ L−1 of added ferrous iron, but it encouraged the growth of Nitrospira sp. and Accumulibacteria, which requires further study. It could be said that the compact and stable structure of aerobic granular sludge preserved AOB and NOB from Fe‐deficient conditions, and wash‐out during the disintegration period. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 33:716–725, 2017
Reconstitution of Vanadium Haloperoxidase's Catalytic Activity by Boric Acid—Towards a Potential Biocatalytic Role of Boron
Authors: Natalio Filipe , Wiese Stefanie , Brandt Wolfgang , Wessjohann Ludger 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBoron's unusual properties inspired major advances in chemistry. In nature, the existence and importance of boron has been fairly explored (e.g. bacterial signaling, plant development) but its role as biological catalyst was never reported. Here, we show that boric acid [B(OH)3] can restore chloroperoxidase activity of Curvularia inaequalis recombinant apo‐haloperoxidase's (HPO) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and chloride ions. Molecular modeling and semi‐empirical PM7 calculations support a thermodynamically highly favored (bio)catalytic mechanism similarly to vanadium haloperoxidases (V‐HPO) in which [B(OH)3] is assumedly located in apo‐HPO's active site and a monoperoxyborate [B(OH)3(OOH)−] intermediate is formed and stabilized by interaction with specific active site amino acids leading ultimately to the formation of HOCl. Thus, B(OH)3−HPO provides the first evidence towards the future exploitation of boron′s role in biological systems.
Dual‐Functional Surfactant‐Templated Strategy for Synthesis of an In Situ N2‐Intercalated Mesoporous WO3 Photoanode for Efficient Visible‐Light‐Driven Water Oxidation
Authors: Li Dong , Chandra Debraj , Takeuchi Ryouchi , Togashi Takanari , Kurihara Masato , Saito Kenji , Yui Tatsuto , Yagi Masayuki 
Published: March 2017

AbstractN2‐Intercalated crystalline mesoporous tungsten trioxide (WO3) was synthesized by a thermal decomposition technique with dodecylamine (DDA) as a surfactant template with a dual role as an N‐atom source for N2 intercalation, alongside its conventional structure‐directing role (by micelle formation) to induce a mesoporous structure. N2 physisorption analysis showed that the specific surface area (57.3 m2 g−1) of WO3 templated with DDA (WO3‐DDA) is 2.3 times higher than that of 24.5 m2 g−1 for WO3 prepared without DDA (WO3‐bulk), due to the mesoporous structure of WO3‐DDA. The Raman and X‐ray photoelectron spectra of WO3‐DDA indicated intercalation of N2 into the WO3 lattice above 450 °C. The UV/Vis diffuse‐reflectance spectra exhibited a significant shift of the absorption edge by 28 nm, from 459 nm (2.70 eV) to 487 nm (2.54 eV), due to N2 intercalation. This could be explained by the bandgap narrowing of WO3‐DDA by formation of a new intermediate N 2p orbital between the conduction and valance bands of WO3. A WO3‐DDA‐coated indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode calcined at 450 °C generated a photoanodic current under visible‐light irradiation below 490 nm due to photoelectrochemical water oxidation, as opposed to below 470 nm for ITO/WO3‐bulk. The incident photon‐to‐current conversion efficiency (IPCE=24.5 %) at 420 nm and 0.5 V versus Ag/AgCl was higher than that of 2.5 % for ITO/WO3‐bulk by one order of magnitude due to N2 intercalation and the mesoporous structure of WO3‐DDA.
Dynamic Magnetic and Optical Insight into a High‐Performance Pentagonal Bipyramidal DyIII Single‐Ion Magnet
Authors: Chen Yan‐Cong , Liu Jun‐Liang , Lan Yanhua , Zhong Zhi‐Qiang , Mansikkamäki Akseli , Ungur Liviu , Li Quan‐Wen , Jia Jian‐Hua , Chibotaru Liviu F. , Han Jun‐Bo , Wernsdorfer Wolfgang , Chen Xiao‐Ming , Tong Ming‐Liang 
Published: March 2017

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Ming‐Liang Tong at the Sun Yat‐Sen University and collaborators in France, China, and Belgium. The image depicts the magnetic hysteresis and the fluorescence of a pentagonal bipyramidal DyIII single‐ion magnet. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201606029.
Synthesis and Characterization of Cyclopentadithiophene Heterofulvenes: Design Tools for Light‐Activated Processes
Authors: El Nahhas Amal , Shameem Muhammad Anwar , Chabera Pavel , Uhlig Jens , Orthaber Andreas 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe development of new materials for solar‐to‐energy conversion should consider stability, ease of fabrication, and beneficial photophysical properties. In this context, a set of novel π‐conjugated building blocks, with phospha‐ and arsaalkenes possessing a unique dithienyl annulated heterofulvenoid core, have been prepared as air‐ and moisture‐stable sensitizers. These compounds unify electron‐donor and ‐acceptor moieties, making them potential candidates for light‐harvesting applications. Optical characterization of these systems was performed by steady‐state and time‐resolved absorption spectroscopy, supported by time‐dependent DFT calculations. Tuning of the optical properties of these systems can be achieved by varying the pnictogen element at the bridgehead position, giving a bathochromic shift of ≈40 nm and coordinating the phosphaalkene towards gold AuI centers. The latter results in a ≈2000‐fold extension of the ≈10 ps lifetime of uncoordinated systems well into the ns regime.
Mesoporous TS‐1 Nanocrystals as Low Cost and High Performance Catalysts for Epoxidation of Styrene
Authors: Cui Tian‐Lu , Li Xin‐Hao , Chen Jie‐Sheng 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMesoporous TS‐1 nanocrystals were facilely synthesized without involving additional templates. The usage of inorganic silicon source, less structure‐directing agent and high yields of nearly 100% made this template‐free strategy suitable for large‐scale synthesis with low cost. Furthermore, the as synthesized TS‐1 exhibited comparable epoxidation performance than those obtained by other methods.
Silver‐Catalyzed Cascade Radical Cyclization for Stereoselective Synthesis of Exocyclic Phosphine Oxides
Authors: Mao Liuliang , Li Yonghong , Yang Shangdong 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA silver‐catalyzed phosphorylation/cyclization radical cascade of 1,6‐dienes has been developed. The reaction process involves in a one‐pot operation described as an autotandem catalytic process with a cascading radical cyclization for the construction of C—P and C—C bond with high stereoselectivity. Moreover, it also affords an efficient method for the synthesis of valuable exocyclic phosphine oxides compounds with broad substrate applicability, mild reaction condition and succinct reaction system.
Advances in Radical Oxidative C—H Alkylation of N‐Heteroarenes
Authors: Zhang Jun‐Rong , Xu Li , Liao Yan‐Yan , Deng Jian‐Chao , Tang Ri‐Yuan 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis review summarizes recent development in C—H alkylation of N‐heteroarenes via the radical oxidative coupling process. A variety of alkyl radical sources (including alkanes, ethers, alcohols, carboxylic acids, organoboranes, and some other alkane derivatives) for C—H alkylation of N‐heteroarenes are reviewed.
Synthesis and Photocatalytic Activity of La5Ti2Cu(S1−xSex)5O7 Solid Solutions for H2 Production under Visible Light Irradiation
Authors: Nandy Swarnava , Goto Yosuke , Hisatomi Takashi , Moriya Yosuke , Minegishi Tsutomu , Katayama Masao , Domen Kazunari 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe effects of substituting selenide for sulfide ions in La5Ti2CuS5O7 were studied, with the aim of developing visible‐light‐driven photocatalysts with longer absorption edge wavelengths. La5Ti2Cu(S1−xSex)5O7 (LTCS1−xSexO) solid solutions were obtained over the composition range of 0≤x≤1 by a solid‐state reaction, and their physical properties and photocatalytic activities during the H2 evolution reaction in aqueous solutions were assessed. Structural refinements revealed that the lattice constants and cell volumes of the LTCS1−xSexO series follow Vegards’ law. With increases in the Se2− content, the LTCS1−xSexO absorption edge shifts monotonically toward longer wavelengths, to a maximum of 820 nm for LTCSeO (x=1). Those materials for which x≤0.8 generated H2 from aqueous solutions containing Na2S and Na2SO3 as electron donors under visible‐light irradiation (λ>420 nm) after surface modification with in situ precipitated NiS. Comparatively higher H2 evolution was observed for LTCS1−xSexO with lower Se2− levels, although the sample for which x=0.2 generated H2 under visible light at wavelengths longer than 640 nm, whereas the LTCSO did not.
Context‐dependent individual differences in playfulness in male rats
Authors: Lampe Jessica F. , Burman Oliver , Würbel Hanno , Melotti Luca 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPlay has been proposed as an indicator of positive emotions and welfare in higher vertebrates. This study investigated playfulness in male rats by exploring its consistency across motivational states (with/without prior short social isolation) and two age points at early and late adolescence. Twenty‐four male Lister Hooded rats housed in cages of four underwent two play tests: conspecific Play‐in‐Pairs and Tickling by the experimenter, which were compared with play in the home cage and basal anxiety levels. Play‐in‐Pairs measures were consistent across age and motivational states, and were independent from anxiety. Positively valenced vocalizations in the Tickling test were also consistent across age, yet were negatively related to anxiety. Play‐in‐Pairs and Tickling play contexts, as well as social and solitary play types, were unrelated. Therefore, this study supports the existence of consistent individual differences in playfulness in rats, and suggests that different play contexts and types represent motivationally distinct systems.
Volume and density of microglomeruli in the honey bee mushroom bodies do not predict performance on a foraging task
Authors: Van Nest Byron N. , Wagner Ashley E. , Marrs Glen S. , Fahrbach Susan E. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTThe mushroom bodies (MBs) are insect brain regions important for sensory integration, learning, and memory. In adult worker honey bees (Apis mellifera), the volume of neuropil associated with the MBs is larger in experienced foragers compared with hive bees and less experienced foragers. In addition, the characteristic synaptic structures of the calycal neuropils, the microglomeruli, are larger but present at lower density in 35‐day‐old foragers relative to 1‐day‐old workers. Age‐ and experience‐based changes in plasticity of the MBs are assumed to support performance of challenging tasks, but the behavioral consequences of brain plasticity in insects are rarely examined. In this study, foragers were recruited from a field hive to a patch comprising two colors of otherwise identical artificial flowers. Flowers of one color contained a sucrose reward mimicking nectar; flowers of the second were empty. Task difficulty was adjusted by changing flower colors according to the principle of honey bee color vision space. Microglomerular volume and density in the lip (olfactory inputs) and collar (visual inputs) compartments of the MB calyces were analyzed using anti‐synapsin I immunolabeling and laser scanning confocal microscopy. Foragers displayed significant variation in microglomerular volume and density, but no correlation was found between these synaptic attributes and foraging performance. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 77: 1057–1071, 2017
Seasonal patterns in reproductive success of temperate‐breeding birds: Experimental tests of the date and quality hypotheses
Authors: Harriman Vanessa B. , Dawson Russell D. , Bortolotti Lauren E. , Clark Robert G. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractFor organisms in seasonal environments, individuals that breed earlier in the season regularly attain higher fitness than their late‐breeding counterparts. Two primary hypotheses have been proposed to explain these patterns: The quality hypothesis contends that early breeders are of better phenotypic quality or breed on higher quality territories, whereas the date hypothesis predicts that seasonally declining reproductive success is a response to a seasonal deterioration in environmental quality. In birds, food availability is thought to drive deteriorating environmental conditions, but few experimental studies have demonstrated its importance while also controlling for parental quality. We tested predictions of the date hypothesis in tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) over two breeding seasons and in two locations within their breeding range in Canada. Nests were paired by clutch initiation date to control for parental quality, and we delayed the hatching date of one nest within each pair. Subsequently, brood sizes were manipulated to mimic changes in per capita food abundance, and we examined the effects of manipulations, as well as indices of environmental and parental quality, on nestling quality, fledging success, and return rates. Reduced reproductive success of late‐breeding individuals was causally related to a seasonal decline in environmental quality. Declining insect biomass and enlarged brood sizes resulted in nestlings that were lighter, in poorer body condition, structurally smaller, had shorter and slower growing flight feathers and were less likely to survive to fledge. Our results provide evidence for the importance of food resources in mediating seasonal declines in offspring quality and survival.