bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Galileo—an Artificial Intelligence tool for evaluating pre-implantation kidney biopsies
Authors: Eccher Albino , L’Imperio Vincenzo , Pantanowitz Liron , Cazzaniga Giorgio , Del Carro Fabio , Marletta Stefano , Gambaro Giovanni , Barreca Antonella , Becker Jan Ulrich , Gobbo Stefano , Della Mea Vincenzo , Alberici Federico , Pagni Fabio , Dei Tos Angelo Paolo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Pre-transplant procurement biopsy interpretation is challenging, also because of the low number of renal pathology experts. Artificial intelligence (AI) can assist by aiding pathologists with kidney donor biopsy assessment. Herein we present the “Galileo” AI tool, designed specifically to assist the on-call pathologist with interpreting pre-implantation kidney biopsies.

Methods
A multicenter cohort of whole slide images acquired from core-needle and wedge biopsies of the kidney was collected. A deep learning algorithm was trained to detect the main findings evaluated in the pre-implantation setting (normal glomeruli, globally sclerosed glomeruli, ischemic glomeruli, arterioles and arteries). The model obtained on the Aiforia Create platform was validated on an external dataset by three independent pathologists to evaluate the performance of the algorithm.

Results
Galileo demonstrated a precision, sensitivity, F1 score and total area error of 81.96%, 94.39%, 87.74%, 2.81% and 74.05%, 71.03%, 72.5%, 2% in the training and validation sets, respectively. Galileo was significantly faster than pathologists, requiring 2 min overall in the validation phase (vs 25, 22 and 31 min by 3 separate human readers, p < 0.001). Galileo-assisted detection of renal structures and quantitative information was directly integrated in the final report.

Conclusions
The Galileo AI-assisted tool shows promise in speeding up pre-implantation kidney biopsy interpretation, as well as in reducing inter-observer variability. This tool may represent a starting point for further improvements based on hard endpoints such as graft survival.

Graphical Abstract
Engaging Environmental Education Through PISA: Leveraging Curriculum as a Political Process
Authors: Eames Chris W. , Monroe Martha C. , White Peta J. , Ardoin Nicole M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe Organisation for Economic and Cultural Development (OECD) works with countries worldwide to implement testing in the areas of science, mathematics and reading through the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) every three years, and this process is recognised to influence education systems through areas such as curriculum. Over the past decade, the OECD increasingly has acknowledged the need to include a greater emphasis on environmental issues, including developing student competencies specifically in this area. For the 2025 PISA round, we were invited as environmental science education experts to contribute to the Science Framework, which underpins the science assessment. This paper explains how we responded to that invitation, including foregrounding the urgent need to understand the competencies of 15 year-olds to address critical socio-ecological challenges such as climate change. We argue that this provides environmental education practitioners and scholars with a powerful opportunity to gain world-scale data for research and advocacy, which could enhance the visibility and leverage for our field in curriculum, whilst also recognising the political process within which we were engaged.
Estimation of travel time reduction for ice-breaking ships when considering ice information data
Authors: Schmitz Bernhard , Eis Christine , Bünger H. Jakob , Büskens Christof 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In light of the recent increase in polar shipping and potential future increase with continued climate change reliable routing in ice-covered waters becomes increasingly important for environmental, economic and safety concerns. Dependable route suggestions have the potential to reduce travel times through polar waters significantly. We apply the Anytime Repairing A* pathfinding algorithm to classified Copernicus Sentinel 1 radar images to estimate how much travel times can be reduced. For multiple example scenarios, it is quantified how much the travel time is reduced if a ship follows these suggestions compared to navigating without any ice information available exterior to the visual range (VR). It was found that having ice information available is most beneficial in complex ice situations, where it can reduce travel time by up to 34% for a VR of 2 km.
Comparison of the impact of a system tele-antimicrobial stewardship program on the conversion of intravenous-to-oral antimicrobials in community hospitals
Authors: Maldonado Yanez Brenda V. , Ferrara Kendall E. , Lueking Richard , Morrisette Taylor , Brewer Erin E. , Lewis Nicole H. , Burgoon Rachel , Mediwala Hornback Krutika , Hamby Aaron C. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives:
Evaluate system-wide antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) update impact on intravenous (IV)-to-oral (PO) antimicrobial conversion in select community hospitals through pre- and postimplementation trend analysis.

Methods:
Retrospective study across seven hospitals: region one (four hospitals, 827 beds) with tele-ASP managed by infectious diseases (ID)-trained pharmacists and region two (three hospitals, 498 beds) without. Data were collected pre- (April 2022–September 2022) and postimplementation (April 2023–September 2023) on nine antimicrobials for the IV to PO days of therapy (DOTs). Antimicrobial administration route and (DOTs)/1,000 patient days were extracted from the electronical medical record (EMR). Primary outcome: reduction in IV DOTs/1,000 patient days. Secondary outcomes: decrease in IV usage via PO:total antimicrobial ratios and cost reduction.

Results:
In region one, IV usage decreased from 461 to 209/1,000 patient days (P = < .001), while PO usage increased from 289 to 412/1,000 patient days (P = < .001). Total antimicrobial use decreased from 750 to 621/1,000 patient days (P = < .001). In region two, IV usage decreased from 300 to 243/1,000 patient days (P = .005), and PO usage rose from 154 to 198/1,000 patient days (P = .031). The PO:total antimicrobial ratios increased in both regions, from .42–.52 to .60–.70 in region one and from .36–.55 to .46–.55 in region two. IV cost savings amounted to $19,359.77 in region one and $4,038.51 in region two.

Conclusion:
The ASP intervention improved IV-to-PO conversion rates in both regions, highlighting the contribution of ID-trained pharmacists in enhancing ASP initiatives in region one and suggesting tele-ASP expansion may be beneficial in resource-constrained settings.
The redemption of The Accidental Republic: 70 years of Chinese Workers’ Compensation Insurance
Authors: Wang Leyao , Sun Ninghao , Tong Ruipeng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe Accidental Republic is a concern for all industrialised countries, and China is no exception. To solve this problem, Workers’ Compensation Insurance (WCI) is a perfect option. The redemption of The Accidental Republic can be understood through the development of WCI. However, little attention has been paid to the development of Chinese WCI. Starting from labour insurance regulations promulgated in 1951, this research explores over 70 years of reform and development of Chinese WCI, explicitly dividing reforms into three phases – establishment and implementation, exploration and practice, and adaptation and formation – that aligned with stages of China’s economic development. Further, the insurance fund performance in the last decade is evaluated by Data envelopment analysis and Malmquist (DEA-Malmquist), through the static and dynamic results, yielding generally average results. Subsequently, five major problems of WCI are identified and discussed and five suggestions offered drawing on international comparison and the national situation. Lastly, the accidental and inevitable aspects of China’s WCI system during the redemption of The Accidental Republic are summarised.
Team-based infection preventionist review improves inter-rater reliability in identification of healthcare-associated infections
Authors: Castillo Alyssa , Hudziec Meghan , Totten Sarah Elizabeth , Pisney Larissa 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAccurate reporting of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) to the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) is a critical function of infection prevention and control (IPC) teams. Validation was performed to increase inter-rater reliability in HAI adjudication among infection preventionists. Benefits included improved data integrity, enhanced team performance, and individual growth.
Sustainment of perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis guidelines in children following discontinuation of an educational intervention to support stewardship
Authors: Dimopoulou Anastasia , Kourlaba Georgia , Chronopoulou Irini , Avloniti Anastasia , Mavrigiannaki Eleftheria , Georgopoulos Ioannis , Zaoutis Theoklis 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAdherence to perioperative antimicrobial guidelines among Greek children was markedly decreased years after the discontinuation of an antimicrobial stewardship (AS) intervention. An educational intervention is effective to improve the perioperative antimicrobial use, but the continuous implementation of AS is important for its long-term sustainability.
Dynamic modeling of wheeled biped robot and controller design for reducing chassis tilt angle
Authors: Mao Nan , Chen Junpeng , Spyrakos-Papastavridis Emmanouil , Dai Jian S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe wheeled-legged robot combines the advantages of wheeled and legged robots, making it easier to assist people in completing repetitive and time-consuming tasks in their daily lives. This paper presents a study on the kinematic and dynamic modeling, as well as the controller design, of a wheeled biped robot with a parallel five-bar linkage mechanism as its leg module. During the motion of the robot, the robot relies on the tilt angle of the inverted pendulum, and this angle often results in the tilting of the chassis of the robot, presenting challenges for the installation of upper-body payloads and sensor systems. The controller proposed in this paper, which is developed by decoupling the primary motions of the robot and designing a multi-objective, multilevel controller, addresses this issue. This controller employs the pendulum pitch angle of the equivalent inverted pendulum model as the control variable and compensates for the chassis tilt angle (CTA). This control method can effectively reduce the CTA of such robots and eliminate the need for additional counterweights. It also provides a more spacious structural design for accommodating upper-body devices. The effectiveness of this control framework is verified through variable height control, walking on flat ground, and carrying loads over rough terrain and slopes.
Anchoring guide catheter to facilitate recanalising occluded pulmonary vein in small children: a novel technique
Authors: Mohammad Nijres Bassel , Muller Samantha , Karimi Mohsen , Aldoss Osamah 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTranscatheter pulmonary vein recanalisation is challenging. Herein, we described a novel technique facilitating the recanalisation of occluded three pulmonary veins in two small children. This technique enhances the catheter’s alignment and stability during the recanalisation process. Referred to as the “anchoring guide catheter” technique, it can be applied only when the ipsilateral vein is patent.
Impact of the mother’s voice on sedation need and stress during cardiologic examination of children (SMUSS study): a prospective, interventional, randomised, controlled, monocentric study
Authors: Massoth Gregor , Vorhofer Emma , Spuck Nikolai , Mikus Marian , Mini Nathalie , Strassberger-Nerschbach Nadine , Wittmann Maria , Neumann Claudia , Schindler Ehrenfried 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroduction:Cardiac catheterisation is crucial for diagnosing and treating paediatric heart diseases, but it is poorly tolerated by small children, infants, and newborns without sedation. This study investigated whether maternal voice during sedation could lower stress and pain in children undergoing cardiac catheterisation and also assessed mothers’ stress levels before and after the procedure.Methods:This was a prospective, monocentric, randomised, controlled interventional study at the University Hospital Bonn. Children aged 4 years or younger scheduled for elective cardiac catheterisation under procedural sedation and American Society of Anaesthesiologists class between 1 and 3 were eligible.Results:At the end of cardiac catheterisation, the intervention group showed a higher Newborn Infant Parasympathetic Evaluation index with an adjusted mean difference of 9.5 (± 4.2) (p = 0.026) and a lower median Children’s and Infants Postoperative Pain Scale score of 2.0 (IQR: 0.0–5.0) versus 4.5 (IQR: 3.0–6.0) than the control group (p = 0.027). No difference in the children’s cortisol level was found (p = 0.424). The mothers in the intervention group had a lower cortisol level than those in the control group before cardiac catheterisation (adjusted mean difference: −4.5 nmol/l (± 1.8 nmol/l), p = 0.011).Conclusion:Listening to the maternal voice during cardiac catheterisation could lead to less postoperative pain and significantly lower stress and discomfort level in children. Less pain could reduce the incidence of postoperative delirium.Additionally, mothers perceived involvement as positive. A reduced stress level of mothers can positively influence children and possibly reduce pain and anxiety.
Coronary artery compression by dilated pulmonary artery in an early infantile case of tetralogy of Fallot with absent pulmonary valve: ventricular fibrillation as the initial symptom of myocardial ischaemia
Authors: Yamada Yuya , Kurosaki Kenichi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCoronary artery compression by a dilated pulmonary artery is a rare complication in patients with tetralogy of Fallot with absent pulmonary valve. We present a case in which this condition manifested at two months of age, with ventricular fibrillation as the initial symptom of myocardial ischaemia. It is important to recognise that this potentially fatal complication can occur in early infancy.
Development of the Local Food Systems Policy Index (Local Food-EPI+) tool and assessment process to benchmark the implementation of local government policies for creating healthy, equitable and environmentally sustainable food systems
Authors: Ruffini Oriana , Relf Chanel , Mann Davina , Blake Miranda R , Carrad Amy , Reeve Belinda , Barbour Liza , Vanderlee Lana , Vandevijvere Stefanie , Sacks Gary 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective:
Local governments have an important role to play in creating healthy, equitable and environmentally sustainable food systems. This study aimed to develop and pilot a tool and process for local governments in Australia to benchmark their policies for creating healthy, equitable and environmentally sustainable food systems.

Design:
The Healthy Food Environment Policy Index (Food-EPI), developed in 2013 for national governments, was tailored to develop the Local Food Systems Policy Index (Local Food-EPI+) tool for local governments. To incorporate environmental sustainability and the local government context, this process involved a literature review and collaboration with an international and domestic expert advisory committee (n 35) and local government officials.

Setting:
Local governments.

Results:
The tool consists of sixty-one indicators across ten food policy domains (weighted based on relative importance): leadership; governance; funding and resources; monitoring and intelligence; food production and supply chain; food promotion; food provision and retail in public facilities and spaces; supermarkets and food sources in the community; food waste reuse, redistribution and reduction; and support for communities. Pilot implementation of the tool in one local government demonstrated that the assessment process was feasible and likely to be helpful in guiding policy implementation.

Conclusion:
The Local Food-EPI+ tool and assessment process offer a comprehensive mechanism to assist local governments in benchmarking their actions to improve the healthiness, equity and environmental sustainability of food systems and prioritise action areas. Broad use of this tool will identify and promote leading practices, increase accountability for action and build capacity and collaborations.
Patients with diabetes struggling to afford food and control their HbA1c in food-insecure areas in Bronx, NY
Authors: Chambers Earle C , Levano Samantha R , Cohen Nevin , Maroko Andrew R , Telzak Andrew , Stephenson-Hunter Cara , Fiori Kevin P 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective:
To characterise the association between risk of poor glycaemic control and self-reported and area-level food insecurity among adult patients with type 2 diabetes.

Design:
We performed a retrospective, observational analysis of cross-sectional data routinely collected within a health system. Logistic regressions estimated the association between glycaemic control and the dual effect of self-reported and area-level measures of food insecurity.

Setting:
The health system included a network of ambulatory primary and speciality care sites and hospitals in Bronx County, NY.

Participants:
Patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes who completed a health-related social need (HRSN) assessment between April 2018 and December 2019.

Results:
5500 patients with type 2 diabetes were assessed for HRSN with 7·1 % reporting an unmet food need. Patients with self-reported food needs demonstrated higher odds of having poor glycaemic control compared with those without food needs (adjusted OR (aOR): 1·59, 95 % CI: 1·26, 2·00). However, there was no conclusive evidence that area-level food insecurity alone was a significant predictor of glycaemic control (aOR: 1·15, 95 % CI: 0·96, 1·39). Patients with self-reported food needs residing in food-secure (aOR: 1·83, 95 % CI: 1·22, 2·74) and food-insecure (aOR: 1·72, 95 % CI: 1·25, 2·37) areas showed higher odds of poor glycaemic control than those without self-reported food needs residing in food-secure areas.

Conclusions:
These findings highlight the importance of utilising patient- and area-level social needs data to identify individuals for targeted interventions with increased risk of adverse health outcomes.
Mechanism exploration and model construction for small cell transformation in EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinomas
Authors: Li Yan , Xie Tongji , Wang Shouzheng , Yang Lin , Hao Xuezhi , Wang Yan , Hu Xingsheng , Wang Lin , Li Junling , Ying Jianming , Xing Puyuan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSmall-cell lung cancer (SCLC) transformation accounts for 3–14% of resistance in EGFR-TKI relapsed lung adenocarcinomas (LUADs), with unknown molecular mechanisms and optimal treatment strategies. We performed transcriptomic analyses (including bulk and spatial transcriptomics) and multiplex immunofluorescence on pre-treated samples from LUADs without transformation after EGFR-TKI treatment (LUAD-NT), primary SCLCs (SCLC-P) and LUADs with transformation after EGFR-TKI treatment (before transformation: LUAD-BT; after transformation: SCLC-AT). Our study found that LUAD-BT exhibited potential transcriptomic characteristics for transformation compared with LUAD-NT. We identified several pathways that shifted during transformation, and the transformation might be promoted by epigenetic alterations (such as HDAC10, HDAC1, DNMT3A) within the tumor cells instead of within the tumor microenvironment. For druggable pathways, transformed-SCLC were proved to be less dependent on EGF signaling but more relied on FGF signaling, while VEGF-VEGFR pathway remained active, indicating potential treatments after transformation. We also found transformed-SCLC showed an immuno-exhausted status which was associated with the duration of EGFR-TKI before transformation. Besides, SCLC-AT exhibited distinct molecular subtypes from SCLC-P. Moreover, we constructed an ideal 4-marker model based on transcriptomic and IHC data to predict SCLC transformation, which obtained a sensitivity of 100% and 87.5%, a specificity of 95.7% and 100% in the training and test cohorts, respectively. We provided insights into the molecular mechanisms of SCLC transformation and the differences between SCLC-AT and SCLC-P, which might shed light on prevention strategies and subsequent therapeutic strategies for SCLC transformation in the future.
Bacteria from the Amycolatopsis genus associated with a toxic bird secrete protective secondary metabolites
Authors: Seibel Elena , Um Soohyun , Bodawatta Kasun H. , Komor Anna J. , Decker Tanya , Fricke Janis , Murphy Robert , Maiah Gibson , Iova Bulisa , Maus Hannah , Schirmeister Tanja , Jønsson Knud Andreas , Poulsen Michael , Beemelmanns Christine 
Published: October 2024

AbstractUropygial gland secretions of birds consist of host and bacteria derived compounds and play a major sanitary and feather-protective role. Here we report on our microbiome studies of the New Guinean toxic bird Pachycephala schlegelii and the isolation of a member of the Amycolatopsis genus from the uropygial gland secretions. Bioactivity studies in combination with co-cultures, MALDI imaging and HR-MS/MS-based network analyses unveil the basis of its activity against keratinolytic bacteria and fungal skin pathogens. We trace the protective antimicrobial activity of Amycolatopsis sp. PS_44_ISF1 to the production of rifamycin congeners, ciromicin A and of two yet unreported compound families. We perform NMR and HR-MS/MS studies to determine the relative structures of six members belonging to a yet unreported lipopeptide family of pachycephalamides and of one representative of the demiguisins, a new hexapeptide family. We then use a combination of phylogenomic, transcriptomic and knock-out studies to identify the underlying biosynthetic gene clusters responsible for the production of pachycephalamides and demiguisins. Our metabolomics data allow us to map molecular ion features of the identified metabolites in extracts of P. schlegelii feathers, verifying their presence in the ecological setting where they exert their presumed active role for hosts. Our study shows that members of the Actinomycetota may play a role in avian feather protection.
Reinforcement learning in cold atom experiments
Authors: Reinschmidt Malte , Fortágh József , Günther Andreas , Volchkov Valentin V. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCold atom traps are at the heart of many quantum applications in science and technology. The preparation and control of atomic clouds involves complex optimization processes, that could be supported and accelerated by machine learning. In this work, we introduce reinforcement learning to cold atom experiments and demonstrate a flexible and adaptive approach to control a magneto-optical trap. Instead of following a set of predetermined rules to accomplish a specific task, the objectives are defined by a reward function. This approach not only optimizes the cooling of atoms just as an experimentalist would do, but also enables new operational modes such as the preparation of pre-defined numbers of atoms in a cloud. The machine control is trained to be robust against external perturbations and able to react to situations not seen during the training. Finally, we show that the time consuming training can be performed in-silico using a generic simulation and demonstrate successful transfer to the real world experiment.