bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting the spatio‐temporal distributions of pelagic sharks in the western and central North Pacific
Authors: Kai Mikihiko , Thorson James T. , Piner Kevin R. , Maunder Mark N. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSpatio‐temporal modeling estimates a species distribution function that represents variation in population density over space and time. Recent studies show that the approach may precisely identify spatial hotspots in species distribution, but have not addressed whether seasonal hotspots are identifiable using commonly available fishery data. In this study, we analyzed the seasonal spatio‐temporal distribution of pelagic sharks in the western and central North Pacific using fishery catch rates and a generalized linear mixed model with spatio‐temporal effects. Different spatial distribution patterns were observed between two shark species. The hotspots of shortfin mako (SFM) appeared in the vicinity of the coastal and offshore waters of Japan and the Kuroshio‐Oyashio transition zone (TZ), whereas the hotspots of blue shark (BSH) were widely distributed in the areas from the TZ to the waters of the Emperor Seamount Chain. Shortfin mako distribution changes seasonally with clear north‐south movement, which follows higher sea surface temperatures (SST). However, preferred spring and summer water temperature was still colder than those in fall and winter, but not as cold as for BSH, which did not show seasonal north‐south movement. BSH exhibits seasonal east‐west movement apparently unrelated to temperature. The spatial fishing effort by season generally follows the seasonal movement of temperature possibly making SFM more vulnerable to the fishery than BSH. These findings could be used to reduce the capture risk of bycatch sharks and to better manage the spatial distribution of fishing for targeted sharks.
The influence of thermal tolerances on geographical ranges of endotherms
Authors: Khaliq Imran , Böhning‐Gaese Katrin , Prinzinger Roland , Pfenninger Markus , Hof Christian 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAimTo understand how climatic conditions influence the geographical distributions of species and their potential responses to climate change, we investigated the relationships between the thermal tolerances of species and the size and limits of their distributions. We tested two hypotheses for endotherms: the climatic variability hypothesis, which predicts increases in range size with increasing breadth of thermal tolerance, and the climatic extreme hypothesis, which predicts that range limits are related to thermal tolerance limits. Furthermore, we tested whether these relationships differ between temperate and tropical areas.LocationGlobal.Time periodPresent.Major taxa studiedBirds and mammals.MethodsWe compiled data on thermal tolerances that had been measured in physiological experiments for 453 endothermic species, along with information on geographical ranges and climatic conditions. We applied phylogenetic generalized least square regressions to test for relationships between thermal tolerance and (a) range size or limits and (b) breadth and extremes of the climatic conditions that each species experiences across its distribution.ResultsWe found that range size was not related to the breadth thermal tolerance for endotherms. However, the range limits at high latitudes as well as the minimum temperatures experienced by species were closely related to the physiological cold tolerances of species. These relationships were particularly strong in temperate regions, but these patterns were not found in the tropics.Main conclusionsOur results are inconsistent with the predictions of the climatic variability hypothesis, but are in line with the predictions of the climatic extreme hypothesis. Furthermore, the factors determining species distributions do not appear to be the same in tropical and temperate regions. Our study emphasizes the need to combine spatially explicit distribution models with information from physiological experiments in order to capture regional differences and improve predictions of the responses of species to climate change.
A global assessment of climatic niche shifts and human influence in insect invasions
Authors: Hill Matthew P. , Gallardo Belinda , Terblanche John S. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAimNon‐native invasive insects have major impacts on ecosystem function, agricultural production and human health. To predict the geographical distributions of these species, correlative ecological niche models (ENMs) are typically used. Such methods rely on assumptions of niche conservatism, although there is increasing evidence that many species undergo niche shifts during invasions. The magnitude and direction of niche shifts, however, is likely to vary within and between taxonomic groups, highlighting that an assessment of potential niche shifts in such insects is required.LocationGlobal.Time periodCurrent.Major taxa studiedInsects.MethodsWe compile a novel database of 22 globally invasive, non‐native insect species and test for niche expansion and unfilling across this group. We examine if factors such as the native range size, poleward shifts and human influence may be associated with observed niche changes. Finally, we construct ENMs and examine the reliability of their predictions in light of our niche shift results.ResultsNiche expansion was apparent in 12 of the 22 species, suggesting that altered species–climate relationships during invasion is common for this group. Likewise, niche unfilling occurred in 15 of the species. Increasing human disturbance (combining human population, transport networks and land use) explained 40% of observed niche expansions and 54% of incidents of niche unfilling. Niche metrics and ENM performance were sensitive to the choice of background extents.Main conclusionsMany non‐native insects expand into new climates in their invasive ranges. The prevalence of niche unfilling across this group suggests climate disequilibrium and the potential for further range expansion. Non‐native invasive insects tend to invade areas with similar human disturbance to their native range, and habitat accessibility appears important for these species to achieve their full invasion range potential. Ideally, ENMs should not be used in isolation for this group, but should be coupled with other methods or experiments to test for potential niche change.
Combining phylogeny and co‐occurrence to improve single species distribution models
Authors: Morales‐Castilla Ignacio , Davies T. Jonathan , Pearse William D. , Peres‐Neto Pedro 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAimWe present a novel quantitative framework that combines information on phylogeny and the spatial distributions of related species to enhance the single‐species distributional models commonly used in ecology.InnovationWhile species distribution models (SDMs) are becoming increasingly sophisticated, they rarely take into consideration the shared evolutionary histories of species. Species are not independent entities, and phylogenies may capture how species have configured their spatial distributions as a response to their ecological similarities and interactions in space and through evolutionary time. Our framework provides a flexible approach to include phylogenies as a surrogate for missing trait data within SDMs, and may be particularly valuable for disentangling current and historical drivers of species distributions and modelling data‐poor species when their close relatives are better sampled.Main conclusionsUsing both simulations and empirical examples, we demonstrate how the inclusion of phylogenetic information can significantly improve the fit of species distribution models by up to 30% for certain species. We show that the potential of phylogenies to improve model fit directly relates to the phylogenetic structure of species distributions and suggest that our framework has the potential to reconcile the apparent conflict between current and historical drivers of biodiversity patterns.
Magnetic and magnetoresistance of BiFe0.5Cr0.5O3 thin film over Pt(111) substrate at various thicknesses by sol‐gel method
Authors: Raja Victor William , Arumugam Marikani , Durairaj Madhavan 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe effect of thickness on distorted double perovskite structured BiFe0.5Cr0.5O3 (BFCO) thin films have been investigated for the first time using soft chemical method over Pt(111)/Ti/SiO2/Si substrate. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) shows the presence of both BFO and BCO phases and confirms the formation of double perovskite‐structured BFCO. The morphology of the films changes with the increase in layers signifying the thickness dependence. The magnetization (M) versus magnetizing field (H) curve was well consistent with magnetoresistance (M‐R) results and exhibits anisotropic magnetoresistance. Thickness‐dependent dielectric behaviors of BFCO thin films were deeply understood from space charge, intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms. The BiFe0.5Cr0.5O3 crystal systems with 60 nm thin layer showed an improved magnetism and magnetoresistance properties and are applicable to future magnetic application in the field of spintronics as a promising device.
Nurses' attitudes towards the use of PRN psychotropic medications in acute and forensic mental health settings
Authors: Barr Lesley , Wynaden Dianne , Heslop Karen 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMany countries now have national mental health policies and guidelines to decrease or eliminate the use of seclusion and restraint yet the use of Pro Re Nata (PRN) medications has received less practice evaluation. This research aimed to identify mental health nurses' attitudes towards the use of PRN medications with mental health consumers. Participants were working in forensic mental health and non‐forensic acute mental health settings. The “Attitudes towards PRN medication use survey” was used and data were collected online. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package Social Sciences, Version 22.0. Practice differences between forensic and other acute mental health settings were identified related to the use of PRN medications to manage symptoms from nicotine, alcohol and other drug withdrawal. Differences related to the useage of comfort rooms and conducting comprehensive assessments of consumers' psychiatric symptoms were also detected. Qualitative findings highlighted the need for increased accountability for the prescribing and administration of PRN medications along with more nursing education/training to use alternative first line interventions. Nurses administering PRN medications should be vigilant regarding the indications for this practice to ensure they are facilitating the consumer's recovery by reducing the use of all forms of potentially restrictive practices in the hospital setting. The reasons for using PRN medications and PRN administration rates must be continually monitored to avoid practices such as high dose antipsychotics use and antipsychotic polypharmacy to ensure the efficacy of the consumers' management plans on their health care outcomes.
Pain catastrophizing may moderate the association between pain and secondary hyperalgesia
Authors: Pressman Alexander J. , Peterlin B. Lee , Tompkins David Andrew , Salas Rachel E. , Buenaver Luis F. , Haythornthwaite Jennifer A. , Campbell Claudia M. 
Published: March 2017

Catastrophizing, a persistent negative mental set characterized by helplessness, rumination, and magnification of pain sensations, has a potent effect on pain report and clinical outcomes. Previous studies have documented an association between cognitive factors and central sensitization. The current analysis sought to test the potential modulating effect of pain catastrophizing on the association between capsaicin pain and the region of secondary hyperalgesia. Thirty‐eight healthy individuals (50% women, mean age = 25.7, SD = 5.3) completed the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), then underwent topical application of 10% capsaicin, which was covered by a thermode maintained at 40°C for 90‐min. Following removal of the capsaicin, the region of secondary hyperalgesia was determined. Hayes’ PROCESS macro was employed to examine catastrophizing's potential moderating effect, which did not reveal a significant association between capsaicin pain ratings and the region of secondary hyperalgesia (β = 15.1, p = .06). Though PCS was not associated with area of secondary hyperalgesia (β = 23.9, p = .29), a significant interaction was present between PCS and capsaicin pain ratings (β = 3.7, p = .0004). Specifically, those endorsing higher catastrophizing levels and higher pain ratings experienced the greatest areas of secondary hyperalgesia. The Johnson‐Neyman technique was used to determine the regional effect of the moderation, which indicated that when PCS scores were ≥10.6, capsaicin pain significantly moderated the association between pain and area of secondary hyperalgesia. These results suggest that catastrophizing plays an important role in the area of secondary hyperalgesia, and potentially central sensitization, warranting further testing in future research.
A systematic review of the effectiveness of psychological approaches in the treatment of sex offenders with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Jones Emma , Chaplin Eddie 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundDespite considerable advance and growth in the evidence base for psychological interventions as treatment for sex offenders with intellectual disabilities (ID), there remains limited evidence to support their effectiveness. This systematic review seeks to evaluate the effectiveness of psychological interventions on reducing reoffending rates for sex offenders with ID.MethodsA search of ten electronic databases, grey literature and reference lists was conducted using PRISMA methodology.ResultsA number of studies appeared to establish positive treatment outcomes, demonstrated by improvements in attitudinal change, victim empathy and sexual knowledge. However, reductions in sexual reoffending during the follow‐up period were not consistent across the studies. No studies with an adequate control comparison were identified during the search.ConclusionsThe current review provides limited evidence on the effectiveness of psychological interventions for sex offenders with ID, while also highlighting the need for further research.
Measure accurately, Act rapidly, and Partner with patients: An intuitive and practical three‐part framework to guide efforts to improve hypertension control
Authors: Boonyasai Romsai T. , Rakotz Michael K. , Lubomski Lisa H. , Daniel Donna M. , Marsteller Jill A. , Taylor Kathryn S. , Cooper Lisa A. , Hasan Omar , Wynia Matthew K. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractHypertension is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease in the United States and worldwide. It also provides a useful model for team‐based chronic disease management. This article describes the M.A.P. checklists: a framework to help practice teams summarize best practices for providing coordinated, evidence‐based care to patients with hypertension. Consisting of three domains—Measure Accurately; Act Rapidly; and Partner With Patients, Families, and Communities—the checklists were developed by a team of clinicians, hypertension experts, and quality improvement experts through a multistep process that combined literature review, iterative feedback from a panel of internationally recognized experts, and pilot testing among a convenience sample of primary care practices in two states. In contrast to many guidelines, the M.A.P. checklists specifically target practice teams, instead of individual clinicians, and are designed to be brief, cognitively easy to consume and recall, and accessible to healthcare workers from a range of professional backgrounds.
EZH2‐mediated repression of Dkk1 promotes hepatic stellate cell activation and hepatic fibrosis
Authors: Yang Yang , Chen Xiao‐xia , Li Wan‐xia , Wu Xiao‐qin , Huang Cheng , Xie Juan , Zhao Yu‐xin , Meng Xiao‐ming , Li Jun 
Published: March 2017

AbstractEZH2, a histone H3 lysine‐27‐specific methyltransferase, is involved in diverse physiological and pathological processes including cell proliferation and differentiation. However, the role of EZH2 in liver fibrosis is largely unknown. In this study, it was identified that EZH2 promoted Wnt pathway‐stimulated fibroblasts in vitro and in vivo by repressing Dkk‐1, which is a Wnt pathway antagonist. The expression of EZH2 was increased in CCl4‐induced rat liver and primary HSCs as well as TGF‐β1‐treated HSC‐T6, whereas the expression of Dkk1 was reduced. Silencing of EZH2 prevented TGF‐β1‐induced proliferation of HSC‐T6 cells and the expression of α‐SMA. In addition, knockdown of Dkk1 promoted TGF‐β1‐induced activation of HSCs. Moreover, silencing of EZH2 could restore the repression of Dkk‐1 through trimethylation of H3K27me3 in TGF‐β1‐treated HSC‐T6 cells. Interestingly, inhibition of EZH2 had almost no effect on the activation of HSC when Dkk1 was silenced. Collectively, EZH2‐mediated repression of Dkk1 promotes the activation of Wnt/β‐catenin pathway, which is an essential event for HSC activation.
Nurses' contribution to short‐term humanitarian care in low‐ to middle‐income countries: An integrative review of the literature
Authors: Dawson Sonja , Elliott Doug , Jackson Debra 
Published: March 2017

Aims and objectivesTo appraise the literature related to voluntary humanitarian work provided by international nurses in low‐ to middle‐income countries.BackgroundNurses and other health professionals are engaged with both governmental and nongovernmental organisations to provide care within international humanitarian relief and development contexts. Current literature describes accounts of charitable health professional activity within short‐term health‐focused humanitarian trips; however, there is minimal research describing the care that nurses provide and the professional roles and tasks they fulfil whilst participating in international volunteer healthcare service.DesignIntegrative review.MethodsA search of articles published between 1995–2015 was conducted using seven bibliographic databases. Inclusion criteria incorporated nurses and allied health professionals' involvement in a volunteer short‐term medical team capacity. Papers describing military and/or disaster response with a service‐learning focus were excluded. Nineteen papers were selected for review, description and discussion of findings.ResultsFindings revealed limited data describing the care nurses provide and the professional roles and tasks they fulfil within the context of international humanitarian short‐term medical trips. Issues raised included a description of demographic data regarding participants and sending agencies, motivation for volunteer participation, perceptions of effectiveness of particular programmes and sustainability issues related to cultural, ethical or moral obligations of foreign health professionals working in a low‐ to middle‐income countries.ConclusionStudy findings highlighted that although nurses are recruited and participate in health‐focused humanitarian activities in low‐ to middle‐income countries, there is extremely limited documented research about the amount and type of care that nurses specifically provide in this context. Furthermore, when identified, it is most often hidden within studies outlining services provided by healthcare teams and not specific to the discipline of nursing. Further research is therefore required to enable greater understanding of nursing care in this context and to inform prospective volunteers of expected nursing practice.Relevance to clinical practiceThis article provides an analysis of available literature describing nursing involvement within the particular context of short‐term medical teams delivering charitable health care.
Social support and depression across the perinatal period: A longitudinal study
Authors: Li Yang , Long Zhouting , Cao Danfeng , Cao Fenglin 
Published: March 2017

Aims and objectivesTo report changes in the prevalence of depression and the level of social support at three different time points in the perinatal period (late pregnancy, 1 week postpartum and 4 weeks postpartum) and to examine the relationship between depression and social support at these points in time.BackgroundSocial support is a modifiable factor for depression. Existing research is limited to examining social support at a single time point in relation to antepartum or postpartum depression.DesignA longitudinal study.MethodsIn total, 240 pregnant women were recruited from the prenatal clinic at a general hospital in China between June–September 2013. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and Perceived Social Support Scale were used to measure the risk of depression and perceived social support at late pregnancy, within the first week postpartum, and at 4 weeks postpartum.ResultsThe Perceived Social Support Scale scores within the first week after birth were higher than scores at the late pregnancy and postpartum week 4, while the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale scores at late pregnancy were higher than scores at the two postpartum times. Women who had higher Perceived Social Support Scale scores at late pregnancy had less likelihood of developing antepartum depression, and women with higher Perceived Social Support Scale scores at postpartum week 4 were less likely to have postpartum depression. However, the Perceived Social Support Scale scores at late pregnancy did not predict the risk of postpartum depression.ConclusionThe study revealed that social support perceived by women changed over the perinatal period. Social support at each stage of the perinatal period was an important buffer against depression at this stage.Relevance to clinical practiceAn increased focus on the relationship between social support and depression at each stage of the perinatal period is necessary for future research and practice.
Yoga, breast cancer‐related lymphoedema and well‐being: A descriptive report of women's participation in a clinical trial
Authors: Loudon Annette , Barnett Tony , Williams Andrew 
Published: March 2017

Aims and objectivesTo describe the experiences of women taking part in a yoga intervention trial for breast cancer‐related lymphoedema.BackgroundAround 20% of women will experience lymphoedema as a consequence of treatment for breast cancer. Specialist lymphoedema clearing, along with self‐management, remains the mainstay of therapy. Yoga, an increasingly popular complementary therapeutic practice, may provide another tool to augment self‐management.DesignA qualitative, descriptive design.MethodsInterviews were conducted with 15 women with stage one breast cancer‐related lymphoedema who had completed an 8‐week yoga intervention trial. The intervention consisted of a weekly teacher‐led 1.5‐hr yoga class and a daily home practice using a 45‐min DVD. Interviews were audio‐taped and transcribed. These data were then analysed using an iterative‐thematic approach.ResultsParticipants reported improved well‐being, increased awareness of their physical body as well as improved physical, mental and social functioning. They gained from being part of the yoga group that also provided a forum for them to share their experiences. Nine women felt empowered to describe their yoga participation as a transformative journey through illness.ConclusionWhen safe to do so, the holistic practice of yoga may augment and provide additional benefit to current self‐management and treatment practices for women with breast cancer‐related lymphoedema.Relevance to clinical practicePatients with breast cancer‐related lymphoedema may seek advice and guidance from nurses and other healthcare professionals on a range of complementary therapies to help relieve symptoms and promote recovery. Patients who choose to augment their treatment of breast cancer‐related lymphoedema by practicing yoga should be carefully assessed, be taught an appropriate technique by a qualified yoga teacher/therapist and its impact monitored by their yoga teacher/therapist, breast care nurse, lymphoedema therapist or treating clinician.