bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of preterm birth following late pregnancy exposure to NSAIDs or COX-2 inhibitors
Authors: Bérard Anick , Sheehy Odile , Girard Sylvie , Zhao Jin-Ping , Bernatsky Sasha 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Pregnant women may take nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitors, or biological agents to relieve symptoms or manage disease flares in late pregnancy. We aimed to quantify the risk of prematurity associated with late pregnancy exposure to nonselective NSAIDs, selective COX-2 inhibitors, and biological agents. Using data from Quebec Pregnancy Cohort, we performed a population-based cohort study. We included all women who were covered by the Quebec Drug Plan and had a singleton live birth between January 1, 1998 and December 31, 2009. Late pregnancy exposure was defined as having filled at least 1 prescription for nonselective NSAIDs, selective COX-2 inhibitors, or biological agents in the 3 months before delivery. Prematurity was defined as <37 weeks of gestation. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) were obtained using generalized estimation equation models. Covariates included maternal autoimmune diseases, demographics, concomitant drug use, history of pregnancy complications, and other comorbidities. A total of 156,531 pregnancies met inclusion criteria and were considered for analyses. In the 3 months before delivery, 391 pregnancies were exposed to nonselective NSAIDs, 55 to COX-2 inhibitors, and 12 to biological agents. After adjustment for maternal autoimmune diseases, concomitant medication use, and other risk factors, COX-2 inhibitor use in late pregnancy was associated with a 2.46-fold increased risk of prematurity (adjusted OR, 2.46; 95% confidence interval, 1.28-4.72) compared to nonuse; only late pregnancy exposure to celecoxib was found to increase the risk (adjusted OR, 3.41; 95% confidence interval, 1.29-9.02). In conclusion, celecoxib use during late pregnancy may increase the risk of prematurity.
The role of patient registries for rare genetic lipid disorders
Authors: Ng David M. , Hooper Amanda J. , Bellgard Matthew I. , Burnett John R. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose of review
We review the role, utility and current status of patient registries for rare genetic lipid disorders.

Recent findings
The creation and maintenance of rare genetic lipid disorder patient registries is critical for disease monitoring, improving clinical best practice, facilitating research and enabling the development of novel therapeutics. An open-source disease registry platform, termed the Rare Disease Registry Framework, has been developed, optimized and deployed for homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. A global disease-specific registry for lipoprotein lipase deficiency (LPLD), GENetherapy In the mAnagement of Lipoprotein Lipase deficiency, has been established with the aim of enrolling 20–40% of LPLD patients worldwide and will study the natural history of LPLD as well as therapeutic response to the gene therapy alipogene tiparvovec. Similarly, a registry for lysosomal acid lipase deficiency patients in Europe and the United States is studying the clinical outcomes of the enzyme-replacement therapy sebelipase alfa.

Summary
There are currently few disease-specific rare lipid disorder patient registries. The very nature of rare genetic lipid disorders would suggest that larger national or international registries are necessary to capture clinical data on a sufficient number of patients to provide insight into the prevalence and natural history of these conditions. Furthermore, these registries can help to identify and address deficiencies in current diagnostic and management practices, and facilitate clinical trials of new therapies.
Forty Years of Lower Extremity Take-Backs: Flap Type Influences Salvage Outcomes
Authors: Stranix John T. , Lee Z-Hye , Jacoby Adam , Anzai Lavinia , Mirrer Josh , Avraham Tomer , Thanik Vishal , Levine Jamie P. , Saadeh Pierre B. 
Published: January 2018

Background:Considering that muscle has higher metabolic demand than fasciocutaneous tissue and can be more difficult to monitor clinically, the authors compared take-back salvage rates between fasciocutaneous and muscle free flaps for lower extremity trauma reconstruction.Methods:The authors conducted a retrospective review of 806 free flaps (1979 to 2016); 481 soft-tissue flaps performed for below-knee trauma met inclusion criteria. Primary outcome measures were perioperative complications, specifically, take-backs and flap salvage rates. Univariate and multivariate regression analysis was performed where appropriate.Results:Take-backs occurred in 71 flaps (muscle,n= 44; fasciocutaneous,n= 27) at an average of 3.7 ± 5.4 days postoperatively. Indications were venous (48 percent), arterial (31 percent), unknown (10 percent), and hematoma (10 percent). Overall outcomes were complete salvage (37 percent), partial failure (25 percent), and total failure (38 percent). Take-backs occurring within 48 hours postoperatively correlated with higher salvage rates (p= 0.022). Fasciocutaneous flaps demonstrated increased take-back rates compared with muscle flaps (p= 0.005) that more frequently occurred within 48 hours postoperatively (relative risk, 13.2;p= 0.012). Fasciocutaneous flaps were successfully salvaged more often than muscle-based flaps (p< 0.001). Multivariable regression strongly demonstrated higher risk of take-back failure for muscle flaps (relative risk, 9.42;p= 0.001), despite higher take-back rates among fasciocutaneous flaps (relative risk, 2.28;p= 0.004).Conclusions:Compared with muscle-based flaps, fasciocutaneous flaps demonstrated earlier and more frequent take-backs for suspected vascular compromise, with higher successful take-back salvage rates. Furthermore, muscle flaps with skin paddles also demonstrated better salvage outcomes than those without. These findings may reflect a combination of lower metabolic demand and easier visual recognition of vascular compromise in fasciocutaneous tissue.CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:Therapeutic, III.
Neuroimaging in neurodevelopmental disorders: focus on resting-state fMRI analysis of intrinsic functional brain connectivity
Authors: Jack Allison 
Published: January 2018

Purpose of review
Resting-state fMRI assessment of instrinsic functional brain connectivity (rs-fcMRI) in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) allows assessment of participants with a wide range of functioning levels, and collection of multisite databases that facilitate large-scale analysis. These heterogeneous multisite data present both promise and methodological challenge. Herein, we provide an overview of recent (1 October 2016–1 November 2017) empirical research on ASD rs-fcMRI, focusing on work that helps clarify how best to leverage the power of these data.

Recent findings
Recent research indicates that larger samples, careful atlas selection, and attention to eye status of participants will improve the sensitivity and power of resting-state fMRI analyses conducted using multisite data. Use of bandpass filters that extend into a slightly higher frequency range than typical defaults may prevent loss of disease-relevant information. Connectivity-based parcellation as an approach to region of interest analyses may allow for improved understanding of functional connectivity disruptions in ASD. Treatment approaches using rs-fcMRI to determine target engagement, predict treatment, or facilitate neurofeedback demonstrate promise.

Summary
Rs-fcMRI data have great promise for biomarker identification and treatment development in ASD; however, ongoing methodological development and evaluation is crucial for progress.
Micro-hotspots of Risk in Urban Cholera Epidemics
Authors: Azman Andrew S. , Luquero Francisco J. , Salje Henrik , Mbaïbardoum Nathan Naibei , Adalbert Ngandwe , Ali Mohammad , Bertuzzo Enrico , Finger Flavio , Toure Brahima , Massing Louis Albert , Ramazani Romain , Cardon Amélie , Saga Bansaga , Allan Maya , Olson David , Leglise Jerome , Porten Klaudia , Lessler Justin 
Published: January 2018

AbstractTargeted interventions have been delivered to neighbors of cholera cases in epidemic responses in Haiti and Africa despite little evidence supporting impact. Using data from urban epidemics in Chad and D.R. Congo we estimate the size and extent of spatiotemporal zones of increased cholera risk around cases. In both cities, we found zones of increased risk of at least 200-meters during the 5-days immediately following case presentation to a clinic. Risk was highest for those living closest to cases and diminished in time and space similarly across settings. These results provide a rational basis for targeting interventions, if delivered rapidly.
Emotion lies in the eye of the listener: emotional arousal to novel sounds is reflected in the sympathetic contribution to the pupil dilation response and the P3
Authors: Widmann Andreas , Schröger Erich , Wetzel Nicole 
Published: January 2018

AbstractNovel sounds in the auditory oddball paradigm elicit a biphasic dilation of the pupil (PDR) and P3a as well as novelty P3 event-related potentials (ERPs). The biphasic PDR has been hypothesized to reflect the relaxation of the iris sphincter muscle due to parasympathetic inhibition and the constriction of the iris dilator muscle due to sympathetic activation. We measured the PDR and the P3 to neutral and to emotionally arousing negative novels in dark and moderate lighting conditions. By means of principal component analysis (PCA) of the PDR data we extracted two components: the early one was absent in darkness and, thus, presumably reflects parasympathetic inhibition, whereas the late component occurred in darkness and light and presumably reflects sympathetic activation. Importantly, only this sympathetic late component was enhanced for emotionally arousing (as compared to neutral) sounds supporting the hypothesis that emotional arousal specifically activates the sympathetic nervous system. In the ERPs we observed P3a and novelty P3 in response to novel sounds. Both components were enhanced for emotionally arousing (as compared to neutral) novels. Our results demonstrate that sympathetic and parasympathetic contributions to the PDR can be separated and link emotional arousal to sympathetic nervous system activation.HighlightsPDR and ERP effects of novel emotional and neutral oddball sounds were studied.Parasympathetic and sympathetic contributions to the PDR were dissociated by PCA.The parasympathetic PDR component was absent in darkness.Emotional arousal enhanced the sympathetic contribution to the PDR and the P3 ERP.Effects of emotional arousal are mediated by the sympathetic pathway.
Laboratory and Molecular Surveillance of Paediatric Typhoidal Salmonella in Nepal: Antimicrobial Resistance and Implications for Vaccine Policy
Authors: Britto Carl D , Dyson Zoe A , Duchene Sebastian , Carter Michael J , Gurung Meeru , Kelly Dominic F , Murdoch David , Ansari Imran , Thorson Stephen , Shrestha Shrijana , Adhikari Neelam , Dougan Gordon , Holt Kathryn E , Pollard Andrew J 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundChildren are substantially affected by enteric fever in most settings with a high burden of the disease, which could be due to immune naivety, or enhanced risk of exposure to the pathogen. Although Nepal is a high burden setting for enteric fever, the bacterial population structure and transmission dynamics are poorly delineated in young children, the proposed target group for immunization programs.MethodsBlood culture surveillance amongst children aged 2 months to 15 years of age was conducted at Patan Hospital between 2008 and 2016. A total of 198 S. Typhi and 66 S. Paratyphi A isolated from children treated in both inpatient and outpatient settings were subjected to whole genome sequencing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Demographic and clinical data were also collected from the inpatients. The resulting data were used to place these paediatric Nepali isolates into a worldwide context, based on their phylogeny and carriage of molecular determinants of antimicrobial resistance (AMR).ResultsChildren aged ≤4 years made up >40% of the inpatient population. The majority of isolates (78 %) were S. Typhi, comprising several distinct genotypes but dominated by 4.3.1 (H58). Several distinct S. Typhi genotypes were identified, but the globally disseminated S. Typhi clade 4.3.1 (H58) dominated. The majority of isolates (86%) were insusceptible to fluoroquinolones. This was mainly associated with S. Typhi H58 Lineage II and S. Paratyphi A; non-susceptible strains from these two genotypes accounted for 50% and 25% of all enteric fever cases. Multi-drug resistance (MDR) was rare (3.5% of S. Typhi, 0 S. Paratyphi A) and restricted to chromosomal insertions of AMR genes in H58 lineage I strains. Comparison to global data sets showed the local S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A strains had close genetic relatives in other South Asian countries, indicating regional strain circulation.ConclusionsThese data indicate that enteric fever in Nepal continues to be a major public health issue with ongoing inter- and intra-country transmission, and highlights the need for regional coordination of intervention strategies. The absence of a S. Paratyphi A vaccine is cause for concern, given its prevalence as an enteric fever agent in this setting, and the large proportion of isolates displaying fluoroquinolone resistance. This study also highlights an urgent need for routine laboratory and molecular surveillance to monitor the epidemiology of enteric fever and evolution of antimicrobial resistance within the bacterial population as a means to facilitate public health interventions in prevention and control of this febrile illness.
Multi-region proteome analysis quantifies spatial heterogeneity of prostate tissue biomarkers
Authors: Guo Tiannan , Li Li , Zhong Qing , Rupp Niels J , Charmpi Konstantina , Wong Christie E , Wagner Ulrich , Rueschoff Jan H , Jochum Wolfram , Fankhauser Christian , Saba Karim , Poyet Cedric , Wild Peter J , Aebersold Ruedi , Beyer Andreas 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMany tumors are characterized by large genomic heterogeneity and it remains unclear to what extent this impacts on protein biomarker discovery. Here, we quantified proteome intra-tissue heterogeneity (ITH) based on a multi-region analysis of 30 biopsy-scale prostate tissues using pressure cycling technology and SWATH mass spectrometry. We quantified 8,248 proteins and analyzed the ITH of 3,700 proteins. The level of ITH varied significantly depending on proteins and tissue types. Benign tissues exhibited generally more complex ITH patterns than malignant tissues. Spatial variability of ten prostate biomarkers was further validated by immunohistochemistry in an independent cohort (n=83) using tissue microarrays. PSA was preferentially variable in benign prostatic hyperplasia, while GDF15 substantially varied in prostate adenocarcinomas. Further, we found that DNA repair pathways exhibited a high degree of variability in tumorous tissues, which may contribute to the genetic heterogeneity of tumors. This study conceptually adds a new perspective to protein biomarker discovery by quantifying spatial proteome variation and it demonstrates the feasibility by exploiting recent technological progress.
Application of case-based reasoning-Tabu search hybrid algorithm for rolling schedule optimization in tandem cold rolling
Authors: Bu He-nan , Yan Zhu-wen , Zhang Dian-Hua 
Published: January 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to improve the global optimization ability of the Tabu search (TS) algorithm, and then improve the calculation efficiency and accuracy of rolling schedule in tandem cold rolling.

Design/methodology/approach
A case-based reasoning–Tabu search hybrid algorithm (CBRTS) has been presented. First, the case-based reasoning technology was adopted to obtain high-quality initial solution and then the TS algorithm was used for global optimization.

Findings
The optimization effect of CBRTS is compared with that of the traditional TS algorithm, and the analysis result indicates that the CBRTS has a faster convergence rate than TS, and the optimization results are closer to the global optimal. Meanwhile, the rolling schedule calculated by CBRTS is more reasonable, which can increase the production efficiency while giving full play to the capacity of equipment.

Originality/value
A CBRTS hybrid algorithm is presented. The strong dependence of the TS algorithm on the initial solution has been solved. The rolling schedule multi-objective optimization functions are established. The proposed algorithm is applied in a 1,450-mm tandem cold rolling production line. The improved method can reduce about half the iterations compared with the traditional one.
Near and far field scattering of SH waves by multiple multilayered anisotropic circular inclusions using parallel volume integral equation method
Authors: Lee Jungki , Jeong Hogwan 
Published: January 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to calculate near field and far field scattering of SH waves by multiple multilayered anisotropic circular inclusions using parallel volume integral equation method (PVIEM) quantitatively.

Design/methodology/approach
The PVIEM is applied for the analysis of elastic wave scattering problems in an unbounded solid containing multiple multilayered anisotropic circular inclusions. It should be noted that this numerical method does not require the use of the Green’s function for the inclusion – only the Green’s function for the unbounded isotropic matrix is needed. This method can also be applied to solve general elastodynamic problems involving inhomogeneous and/or anisotropic inclusions whose shape and number are arbitrary.

Findings
A detailed analysis of the SH wave scattering problem is presented for multiple multilayered orthotropic circular inclusions. Numerical results are presented for the displacement fields at the interfaces and the far field scattering patterns for square and hexagonal packing arrays of multilayered circular inclusions in a broad frequency range of practical interest.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the solution for scattering of SH waves by multiple multilayered anisotropic circular inclusions in an unbounded isotropic matrix is not currently available in the literature. However, in this paper, calculation of displacements on interfaces and far field scattering patterns of multiple multilayered anisotropic circular inclusions using PVIEM as a pioneer of numerical modeling enables us to investigate the effects of single/multiple scattering, fiber packing type, fiber volume fraction, single/multiple layer(s), the multilayer’s geometry, isotropy/anisotropy and softness/hardness.
Fluid-structure interaction study of the supersonic parachute using large-eddy simulation
Authors: Yang Xue , Yu Li , Zhao Xiao-Shun 
Published: January 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to model the dynamic characteristics of an opened supersonic disk-gap-band parachute.

Design/methodology/approach
A fluid-structure interaction (FSI) method with body-fitted mesh is used to simulate the supersonic parachute. The compressible flow is modeled using large-eddy simulation (LES). A contact algorithm based on the penalty function with a virtual contact domain is proposed to solve the negative volume problem of the body-fitted mesh. Automatic unstructured mesh generation and automatic mesh moving schemes are used to handle complex deformations of the canopy.

Findings
The opened disk-gap-band parachute is simulated using Mach 2.0, and the simulation results fit well with the wind tunnel test data. It is found that the LES model can successfully predict large-scale turbulent vortex in the flow. This study also demonstrates the capability of the present FSI method as a tool to predict shock oscillation and breathing phenomenon of the canopy.

Originality/value
The contact algorithm based on the penalty function with a virtual contact domain is proposed for the first time. This methodology can be used to solve the negative volume problem of the dynamic mesh in the flow field.
PIV validation of different turbulence models used for numerical simulation of a centrifugal pump diffuser
Authors: Zhou Ling , Bai Ling , Li Wei , Shi Weidong , Wang Chuan 
Published: January 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to validate the different turbulence models using in the numerical simulation of centrifugal pump diffuser. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has become the main method to study the pump inner flow patterns. It is important to understand the differences and features of the different turbulence models used in turbomachinery.

Design/methodology/approach
The velocity flow fields in a compact return diffuser under different flow conditions are studied and compared between CFD and particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements. Three turbulence models are used to solve the steady flow field using high-quality fine structured grids, including shear stress transport (SST) k-w model, detached-eddy simulation (DES) model and SST k-w model with low-Re corrections.

Findings
SST k-w model with low-Re correction gives better results compared to DES and SST k-w model, and gives a good predication about the vortex core position under strong part-loading conditions.

Originality/value
A special test rig is designed to carry out the 2D PIV measurements under high rotating speed of 2850 r/min, and the PIV results are used to validate the CFD results.
Increasing project benefits by project opportunity exploitation
Authors: Eskerod Pernille , Ang Karyne , Andersen Erling S. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose
Exploitation of project opportunities may bring more benefits than stipulated in the initial business case, and even stakeholder benefits that nobody thought of at the project initiation. The purpose of this paper is to suggest a new research area for megaprojects, i.e. the phenomenon of project opportunity exploitation as a means to increase the project benefits.

Design/methodology/approach
This is a single case study of an infrastructure megaproject, i.e. the construction and operation of a 50+ years old American bridge. Data cover information regarding 60+ years old historical documents, newspaper articles, interviews and video-recordings.

Findings
The findings of this paper are as follows: exploiting all opportunities created by the project and increasing project benefits require involvement from many categories of stakeholders; stakeholders get more involved in exploiting the opportunities created by the project when they are proud of the project; for some of the project-related opportunities, it might take a long time before they can be exploited (and related benefits achieved); and celebrating achievements of the project stimulate stakeholders to exploit opportunities created by the project and contribute to further project benefits.

Research limitations/implications
Only few interviews were conducted. Interviewees were biased as all were very proud of the bridge. This is a single case study of a “rare species”, not representing most megaprojects.

Practical implications
To enhance project opportunity exploitation and increased benefits, the project owner (team) must continuously communicate about the project, also after project execution.

Originality/value
This study contributes to a gap within the literature on the phenomenon “project opportunity exploitation”. This is a very rich case study and of a “rare species”.