bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Method of teaching undergraduate students to perform root canal treatment: It's influence on the quality of root fillings
Authors: Baaij A. , Özok A. R. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIntroductionThis study aimed to assess whether the method of teaching endodontology influenced the quality of root fillings made by undergraduate students.Materials and methodsThe method of teaching endodontology at our institution was revised. Changes concerned: the programme (ie method of clinical training and summative assessment), and the supervision whilst performing root canal treatment on patients. An intermediate cohort (N=91) comprised partly students attending the former programme (involving patients) and partly students attending the revised programme (without patients). After succeeding in the summative assessment, the quality of the first root filling made by the student in a patient under supervision of either a general dental practitioner or an endodontist was evaluated according to pre‐determined criteria. Data were analysed using Cohen's Kappa, Chi‐square, Fisher's exact, Mann‐Whitney and Kruskal‐Wallis tests.ResultsSixty‐two per cent (47 of 76) of root fillings made by students who attended the revised programme were of good quality, in comparison with 47% (seven of 15) of those made by students who attended the former programme (P=.274). Less complex treatments had better quality root fillings if students were supervised by endodontists (88% (14 of 16) good quality) than supervised by general dental practitioners (59% (22 of 37) good quality) (P=.045). Complex treatments did not differ in quality of root fillings for the supervision types (P=.825).ConclusionThe quality of root fillings made by students who attended the revised programme seems at least as high as that of those who attended the former programme. Higher quality root fillings might be obtained under supervision of endodontists than under supervision of general dental practitioners.
Curriculum content and assessment of pre‐clinical dental skills: A survey of undergraduate dental education in Europe
Authors: Field J. , Stone S. , Orsini C. , Hussain A. , Vital S. , Crothers A. , Walmsley D. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIntroductionSince 1981, the qualifications for various healthcare professionals across the European Union have enjoyed mutual recognition in accordance with the EU Directive 81/1057/EEC. Whilst the directive includes dental practitioners, it is recognised that significant variation exists in curriculum structure, content and scope of practice across institutions. This article aimed to explore pan‐European practice in relation to curriculum content, teaching and learning strategies and assessment of pre‐clinical dental skills.MethodA request to complete an online questionnaire, in English, was sent electronically to skills leads at all Association of Dental Education in Europe member schools. The questionnaire collected information in relation to institution and country, regulatory requirements to demonstrate safety, details of specific pre‐clinical skills courses, learning materials and teaching staff.ResultsForty‐eight institutions, from 25 European countries responded. Seven countries (n=7, 28%) reported no requirement to demonstrate student operative safety prior to patient treatment. Several core and operative clinical skills are common to the majority of institutions. The most commonly taught core skills related directly to the clinical environment such as cross‐infection control and hand washing. The least common were skills that indirectly related to patient care, such as communication skills and working as a team.ConclusionThere are clear differences within European pre‐clinical dental education, and greater efforts are needed to demonstrate that all European students are fit to practice before they start treating patients. Learning outcomes, teaching activities and assessment activities of pre‐clinical skills should be shared collaboratively to further standardise curricula.
Specificity of, and influence of hemolysis, lipemia, and icterus on serum lipase activity as measured by the v‐LIP‐P slide
Authors: Steiner Joerg M. , Gomez Robynne , Suchodolski Jan S. , Lidbury Jonathan A. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundMeasurement of pancreatic lipase in serum is being used for the diagnosis of pancreatitis.ObjectivesThe aims of this study were to measure serum lipase activity by the v‐LIP‐P slide and serum canine pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (cPLI) concentration by Spec cPL in dogs with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) and in serum samples that were hemolyzed, lipemic, or icteric.MethodsSerum samples from 50 dogs with EPI, 8 samples spiked with canine hemoglobin, Intralipid, or ditaurobilirubin, and 8 samples from dogs with severe hypertriglyceridemia were evaluated using v‐LIP‐P and Spec cPL assays.ResultsSerum lipase activity (v‐LIP‐P) was in the lower 20% of the RI in 58% of EPI dogs, while serum cPLI (as measured by Spec cPL) was in the lower 20% of the RI in 98% of EPI dogs. The mean (±SD) observed‐to‐expected ratios for serum samples spiked with canine hemoglobin, Intralipid, or ditaurobilirubin were 63.0 ± 25.1%, 489.2 ± 469.7%, and 80.2 ± 11.6% for the v‐LIP‐P slide, respectively, and 99.3 ± 6.8%, 96.9 ± 9.4%, and 98.7 ± 11.0% for Spec cPL, respectively. However, naturally occurring hypertriglyceridemia did not appear to have a significant effect on serum lipase activity as measured by the v‐LIP‐P slide.ConclusionsThese results show that Spec cPL is specific for pancreatic lipase, while the v‐LIP‐P slide is not. In addition, hemolysis and lipemia had no effect on Spec cPL, while severe icterus resulted in a slight decrease in Spec cPL. Hemolysis and icterus had a significant effect on the v‐LIP‐P slide. The effect of lipemia on the v‐LIP‐P slide cannot be conclusively established based on this study.
Counselling Practices in Fostering Potentials among Gifted Students
Authors: Piragasam Grace Annammal 
Published: June 2017

The role of a school counsellor is inevitably vital in the process of holistically developing students. Counsellors are generally known for initiating career path and guidance apart from engaging students into various academic and co-academic programs to elevate individual potentials. However, little is known pertaining practices in counselling that serves gifted students to its best. Similarly, the existence of a good rapport between school counsellors and gifted students has not shed its light in recent studies. The purpose of this study was to facilitate the concern in providing counselling as to what gifted students’ expectation would be in terms of counsellors’ approaches and support services which are delivered. Findings indicated that counselling services is less favored by gifted students as an impact of relatively lack of knowledge of the particular counselling needs of the gifted students. Thus, there is a need arising to shape counsellors’ awareness in dealing with gifted students on a better platform. Measures to establish students’ confidence in counsellors should also be promoted, considering the need for counsellors to put gifted students in their perspective of professions.
Analisis Perbandingan di Antara Industri, Pensyarah dan Graduan Terhadap Kepentingan Kemahiran Teknikal dan Kemahiran Employability yang Perlu Dikuasai oleh Graduan Bidang Elektrik di Kolej Komuniti
Authors: Hanapi Zaliza , Kamis Arasinah 
Published: June 2017

A strong technical skills and employability skills among graduates is an important criterion to allow them a place in the job market. Therefore, this study aimed to examine more closely if there is a comparison of the perception of the importance of the elements of technical skills and Employability skills to be mastered by graduate electrical field between industry, Community College lecturers and graduates of the electric field at Community Colleges.The study involved 103 employers in the industry, 197 Community College lecturers in the field of electricity and 162 Community College electric course graduates. From the analysis of Anova-test, the findings indicated that there is a significant different among employers in the industry, Community College graduates and lecturers on the perception of the importance to all technical skills elements such as the basic skills, skills of designing, skill assembly, skills testing and maintenance skills to be mastered by the electric course graduates at the Community College. While in terms of the perception of the importance of the element of employability skill, the results showed that there is a significant difference among employers in the industry, graduates and lecturers at the Community College on the perception of the importance of the element of Employability skill such as information management skills, self-management skills, skills, ethics and morality as well as entrepreneurial skills to be mastered by graduates of the electric course at the Community College. However, the element of skill employability namely communication skills, thinking skills, creative and critical thinking skills and team work and leadership skills, were found with no significant difference on the importance of elements such skills among employers in the industry, graduates and lecturers at the College Community. Therefore, the Department of Education of Community Colleges (JPKK) must always communicate and collaborate with industries in order to allow various sharing of knowledge acquired to facilitate the JPKK can identify the needs the of skills and the latest technology in the industry to be applied among the graduates of the College Community by improving existing curriculum.
Kepentingan Peristiwa Pencetus Dalam Transformasi Perspektif Bekas Penagih Dadah
Authors: Abu Hassan Normala , Abd. Hamid Mohd Azhar 
Published: June 2017

This paper describes a preliminary analysis of the transformative perspective phenomenon of a former drug addict. The drug problem is the problem number one in Malaysia. The number of drug addicts is increasing tremendously every year. The government spent billions ringgit each year for the rehabilitation treatment for drug addicts. Drug problem is a global issues that needs to be curbed from its roots. Past studies on the transformation of former drug addicts perspective was not given attention by local scholar compare to the Western countries. Therefore, this study will explore the learning process of former drug addicts to return to a normal life. Trigger event is an important element in transformative learning. The process of transformative learning start from the triggering event. Therefore, this paper will focus on the role of a trigger event in helping to transform former drug addicts. This event will trigger the change of emotions, spiritual, physical, cognitive and also a change in perspective of former drug addicts and thus a change in behavior. The study found that trigger event is triggering personal reflection on the meaning scheme (meaning perspectives) of former drug addicts. Through it, people will throw negative meaning scheme which is an important element for the changes. This study used qualitative methods and selection of respondents is based on sampling purpose which it based on pre-defined criteria by researcher. Phenomenology and case studies are selected as design study in order to understand a phenomenon and the case study. The results show that individuals who suffering from trigger events are fully integrated in the transformation perspective process on drug addiction. Finally, this paper will conclude the important of trigger event towards transformative perspective among former drug users.
Penilaian Psikometrik Instrumen Kesediaan Guru sebagai Pemimpin Guru
Authors: Mohd. Tahir Lokman , Talib Rohaya , Mohd Naim Hamimah , Musah Mohamad Berhanddin 
Published: June 2017

The leadership of teacher remains as an essentially topic of educational leadership currently and it becomes teacher’s main role in implementing the school development process. However, there are less studies done in Malaysian schools; even hardly see Malaysian teachers are prepared to be teacher leaders due to also lack of reliable and valid instrument that measure teacher leadership within Malaysian context. Therefore, this paper aims to examine the readiness of Malaysian teachers to be selected as teacher leaders among other teachers. Secondly, it also aims to measure the reliability and validity of instrument on teacher leadership in the context of Malaysian teachers. A total of 189 secondary school teachers who have more than five years’ experience were selected to be the respondents to answer the 12 items on teachers’ readiness as teacher leaders based on two main constructs such as personal and professional readiness. Finding from the factor analyses (exploratory and confirmatory) indicated that items from the professional and personal readiness constructs have high convergent validity in measuring the relevant teacher leadership. In addition, values from the correlational matrix also indicated high values of discriminant validity. Hence, it was proved that the teacher leadership readiness instrument has high validity and reliability in examining teachers’ readiness as a teacher leader.
Electron Transport Chain Is Biochemically Linked to Pilus Assembly Required for Polymicrobial Interactions and Biofilm Formation in the Gram-Positive Actinobacterium
Actinomyces oris
Authors: Sanchez Belkys C. , Chang Chungyu , Wu Chenggang , Tran Bryan , Ton-That Hung 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

The Gram-positive actinobacteria
Actinomyces
spp. are key colonizers in the development of oral biofilms due to the inherent ability of
Actinomyces
to adhere to receptor polysaccharides on the surface of oral streptococci and host cells. This receptor-dependent bacterial interaction, or coaggregation, requires a unique sortase-catalyzed pilus consisting of the pilus shaft FimA and the coaggregation factor CafA forming the pilus tip. While the essential role of the sortase machine SrtC2 in pilus assembly, biofilm formation, and coaggregation has been established, little is known about
trans
-acting factors contributing to these processes. We report here a large-scale Tn
5
transposon screen for mutants defective in
Actinomyces oris
coaggregation with
Streptococcus oralis
. We obtained 33 independent clones, 13 of which completely failed to aggregate with
S. oralis
, and the remainder of which exhibited a range of phenotypes from severely to weakly defective coaggregation. The former had Tn
5
insertions in
fimA
,
cafA
, or
srtC2
, as expected; the latter were mapped to genes coding for uncharacterized proteins and various
nuo
genes encoding the NADH dehydrogenase subunits. Electron microscopy and biochemical analyses of mutants with nonpolar deletions of
nuo
genes and
ubiE
, a menaquinone C-methyltransferase-encoding gene downstream of the
nuo
locus, confirmed the pilus and coaggregation defects. Both
nuoA
and
ubiE
mutants were defective in oxidation of MdbA, the major oxidoreductase required for oxidative folding of pilus proteins. Furthermore, supplementation of the
ubiE
mutant with exogenous menaquinone-4 rescued the cell growth and pilus defects. Altogether, we propose that the
A. oris
electron transport chain is biochemically linked to pilus assembly via oxidative protein folding.

IMPORTANCE
The Gram-positive actinobacterium
A. oris
expresses adhesive pili, or fimbriae, that are essential to biofilm formation and
Actinomyces
interactions with other bacteria, termed coaggregation. While the critical role of the conserved sortase machine in pilus assembly and the disulfide bond-forming catalyst MdbA in oxidative folding of pilins has been established, little is known about other
trans
-acting factors involved in these processes. Using a Tn
5
transposon screen for mutants defective in coaggregation with
Streptococcus oralis
, we found that genetic disruption of the NADH dehydrogenase and menaquinone biosynthesis detrimentally alters pilus assembly. Further biochemical characterizations determined that menaquinone is important for reactivation of MdbA. This study supports the notion that the electron transport chain is biochemically linked to pilus assembly in
A. oris
via oxidative folding of pilin precursors.
Did the suicide barrier work after all? Revisiting the Bloor Viaduct natural experiment and its impact on suicide rates in Toronto
Authors: Sinyor Mark , Schaffer Ayal , Redelmeier Donald A , Kiss Alex , Nishikawa Yasunori , Cheung Amy H , Levitt Anthony J , Pirkis Jane 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveThis research aims to determine the long-term impact of the Bloor Street Viaduct suicide barrier on rates of suicide in Toronto and whether media reporting had any impact on suicide rates.DesignNatural experiment.SettingCity of Toronto, Canada; records at the chief coroner’s office of Ontario 1993–2003 (11 years before the barrier) and 2004–2014 (11 years after the barrier).Participants5403 people who died by suicide in the city of Toronto.Main outcome measureChanges in yearly rates of suicide by jumping at Bloor Street Viaduct, other bridges including nearest comparison bridge and walking distance bridges, and buildings, and by other means.ResultsSuicide rates at the Bloor Street Viaduct declined from 9.0 deaths/year before the barrier to 0.1 deaths/year after the barrier (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 0.005, 95% CI 0.0005 to 0.19, p=0.002). Suicide deaths from bridges in Toronto also declined significantly (IRR 0.53, 95% CI 0.40 to 0.71, p<0.0001). Media reports about suicide at the Bloor Street Viaduct were associated with an increase in suicide-by-jumping from bridges the following year.ConclusionsThe current study demonstrates that, over the long term, suicide-by-jumping declined in Toronto after the barrier with no associated increase in suicide by other means. That is, the barrier appears to have had its intended impact at preventing suicide despite a short-term rise in deaths at other bridges that was at least partially influenced by a media effect. Research examining barriers at other locations should interpret short-term results with caution.
Regionally Resolved Diagnostic of Transport: A Simplified Forward Model for CO2
Authors: Konopka Paul , Ploeger Felix , Tao Mengchu , Riese Martin 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Simply diagnostic tools are useful for understanding transport processes in complex chemistry transport models (CTMs). For this purpose, a combined use of the airmass origin fractions (AOFs) and regionally resolved mean ages (RMAs) is presented. This approach merges the concept of the origin of air with the well-known theory of the mean age of air (AoA) for different regions covering the whole Earth. The authors show how the AoA calculated relative to Earth’s surface can be decomposed into regionally resolved components (i.e., into RMAs). Using both AOFs and RMAs, the authors discuss differences in the seasonality of transport from the Northern and Southern Hemispheres into the tropical tropopause layer (TTL), the asymmetries of the interhemispheric exchange, and differences in relation to the continental or oceanic origin of air. Furthermore, a simplified transport model for a chemically passive species (tracer) is formulated that has some potential to approximate the full transport within a CTM. This analytic approach uses the AOFs as well as the RMAs as parameters to propagate a tracer prescribed on Earth’s surface (lower boundary condition). This method is exactly valid for sources that change linearly with time in each of the considered regions. The authors analyze how well this approach approximates the propagation of CO2 from the planetary boundary layer (PBL) into the whole atmosphere. The CO2 values in the PBL are specified by the CarbonTracker dataset. The authors discuss how this approach can be used for inverse modeling of CO2.
Sensitivity of Gravity Wave Fluxes to Interannual Variations in Tropical Convection and Zonal Wind
Authors: Alexander M. Joan , Ortland David A. , Grimsdell Alison W. , Kim Ji-Eun 
Published: June 2017

AbstractUsing an idealized model framework with high-frequency tropical latent heating variability derived from global satellite observations of precipitation and clouds, the authors examine the properties and effects of gravity waves in the lower stratosphere, contrasting conditions in an El Niño year and a La Niña year. The model generates a broad spectrum of tropical waves including planetary-scale waves through mesoscale gravity waves. The authors compare modeled monthly mean regional variations in wind and temperature with reanalyses and validate the modeled gravity waves using satellite- and balloon-based estimates of gravity wave momentum flux. Some interesting changes in the gravity spectrum of momentum flux are found in the model, which are discussed in terms of the interannual variations in clouds, precipitation, and large-scale winds. While regional variations in clouds, precipitation, and winds are dramatic, the mean gravity wave zonal momentum fluxes entering the stratosphere differ by only 11%. The modeled intermittency in gravity wave momentum flux is shown to be very realistic compared to observations, and the largest-amplitude waves are related to significant gravity wave drag forces in the lowermost stratosphere. This strong intermittency is generally absent or weak in climate models because of deficiencies in parameterizations of gravity wave intermittency. These results suggest a way forward to improve model representations of the lowermost stratospheric quasi-biennial oscillation winds and teleconnections.
The Influence of Autumnal Eurasian Snow Cover on Climate and Its Link with Arctic Sea Ice Cover
Authors: Gastineau Guillaume , García-Serrano Javier , Frankignoul Claude 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The relationship between Eurasian snow cover extent (SCE) and Northern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation is studied in reanalysis during 1979–2014 and in CMIP5 preindustrial control runs. In observations, dipolar SCE anomalies in November, with negative anomalies over eastern Europe and positive anomalies over eastern Siberia, are followed by a negative phase of the Arctic Oscillation (AO) one and two months later. In models, this effect is largely underestimated, but four models simulate such a relationship. In observations and these models, the SCE influence is primarily due to the eastern Siberian pole, which is itself driven by the Scandinavian pattern (SCA), with a large anticyclonic anomaly over the Urals. The SCA is also responsible for a link between Eurasian SCE anomalies and sea ice concentration (SIC) anomalies in the Barents–Kara Sea.
Increasing SCE over Siberia leads to a local cooling of the lower troposphere and is associated with warm conditions over the eastern Arctic. This is followed by a polar vortex weakening in December and January, which has an AO-like signature. In observations, the association between November SCE and the winter AO is amplified by SIC anomalies in the Barents–Kara Sea, where large diabatic heating of the lower troposphere occurs, but results suggest that the SCE is the main driver of the AO. Conversely, the sea ice anomalies have little influence in most models, which is consistent with the different SCA variability, the colder mean state, and the underestimation of troposphere–stratosphere coupling simulated in these models.
NY-ESO-1 TCR single edited stem and central memory T cells to treat multiple myeloma without graft-versus-host disease
Authors: Mastaglio Sara , Genovese Pietro , Magnani Zulma , Ruggiero Eliana , Landoni Elisa , Camisa Barbara , Schiroli Giulia , Provasi Elena , Lombardo Angelo , Reik Andreas , Cieri Nicoletta , Rocchi Martina , Oliveira Giacomo , Escobar Giulia , Casucci Monica , Gentner Bernhard , Spinelli Antonello , Mondino Anna , Bondanza Attilio , Vago Luca , Ponzoni Maurilio , Ciceri Fabio , Holmes Michael C. , Naldini Luigi , Bonini Chiara 
Published: June 2017

Key Points
TCR SE is a clinically feasible approach to rapidly produce highly performing and specific tumor reactive T cells. NY-ESO-1 TCR SE T cells kill multiple myeloma in the absence of off-target reactivity including alloreactivity.