bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age differentiation within grey matter, white matter and between memory and white matter in an adult lifespan cohort
Authors: Mooij Susanne M. M. de , Henson Richard N. A. , Waldorp Lourens J. , Cam-CAN  , Kievit Rogier A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIt is well-established that brain structures and cognitive functions change across the lifespan. A longstanding hypothesis calledage differentiationadditionally posits that the relations between cognitive functions also change with age. To date however, evidence for age-related differentiation is mixed, and no study has examined differentiation of the relationship between brain and cognition. Here we use multi-group Structural Equation Modeling and SEM Trees to study differenceswithinandbetweenbrain and cognition across the adult lifespan (18-88 years) in a large (N>646, closely matched across sexes), population-derived sample of healthy human adults from the Cambridge Centre for Ageing and Neuroscience (www.cam-can.org). After factor analyses of grey-matter volume (from T1- and T2-weighted MRI) and white-matter organisation (fractional anisotropy from Diffusion-weighted MRI), we found evidence for differentiation of grey and white matter, such that the covariance between brain factors decreased with age. However, we found no evidence for age differentiation between fluid intelligence, language and memory, suggesting a relatively stable covariance pattern between cognitive factors. Finally, we observed a specific pattern of age differentiation between brain and cognitive factors, such that a white matter factor, which loaded most strongly on the hippocampal cingulum, became less correlated with memory performance in later life. These patterns are compatible with reorganization of cognitive functions in the face of neural decline, and/or with the emergence of specific subpopulations in old age.Significance statementThe theory of age differentiation posits age-related changes in the relationships between cognitive domains, either weakening (differentiation) or strengthening (de-differentiation), but evidence for this hypothesis is mixed. Using age-varying covariance models in a large cross-sectional adult lifespan sample, we found age-related reductions in the covariance among both brain measures (neural differentiation), but no covariance change between cognitive factors of fluid intelligence, language and memory. We also observed evidence of uncoupling (differentiation) between a white matter factor and cognitive factors in older age, most strongly for memory. Together, our findings support age-related differentiation as a complex, multifaceted pattern that differs for brain and cognition, and discuss several mechanisms that might explain the changing relationship between brain and cognition.
Incarcerated youth mental and physical health: parity of esteem
Authors: Singh Yolisha , Kasinathan John , Kennedy Andrew 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to describe physical and mental health characteristics of incarcerated youth both internationally and in New South Wales (NSW) Australia. To outline current practices in the provision of mental and physical healthcare for incarcerated youth internationally and in NSW.

Design/methodology/approach
Population relevant literature will be outlined as applicable. Health service delivery will be discussed, with an emphasis on the experiences of NSW physical and mental health service provision for incarcerated youth.

Findings
This paper illustrates that in NSW there was a parity of provision between physical and mental healthcare, though there were deficits in what should ideally be provided. Internationally there was clear evidence that current minimum standards of healthcare in both physical and mental healthcare domains remain unmet.

Practical implications
Provision of physical and mental healthcare for incarcerated youth warrants global improvement. Further research into current provisions, across jurisdictions and subsequent standardisation of practice, will improve health outcomes for this vulnerable group.

Originality/value
This is the first paper to describe mental and physical healthcare provision in NSW for incarcerated youth framed within the broader context of international health service provision for similar populations.
Mental health issues in children and adolescents with chronic illness
Authors: Delamater Alan M. , Guzman Adriana , Aparicio Katherine 
Published: June 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to consider mental health issues in children and adolescents with chronic illness or health conditions, including their treatment, and issues related to delivery of services.Design/methodology/approachA selective review of the literature was conducted to highlight significant mental health issues and their treatment in youth with various types of chronic illness.FindingsA significant portion of youth experience mental health problems related to their chronic health conditions. While evidence-based treatments are available to address these problems, significant barriers exist that impede the delivery of psychological and behavioral interventions for many youth.Research limitations/implicationsMore controlled studies are needed to demonstrate the effectiveness and cost offset of delivering psychological and behavioral interventions for the population of youth with various types of chronic health conditions, particularly in clinical and community settings.Social implicationsPolicy reform can ensure that mental health issues are effectively addressed for children with chronic illness. Policy is needed that promotes integrated health care, whereby psychological and behavioral interventions are delivered in health care settings along with medical interventions to reduce barriers to care.Originality/valueSignificant numbers of children and adolescents have chronic health conditions and many experience mental health problems related to their conditions. While evidence-based treatments are available to address these problems, significant barriers impede the delivery of psychological and behavioral interventions for many youth. Health care policy promoting integrated health care to deliver psychological and behavioral interventions in health care settings along with medical interventions should reduce barriers to care and improve both physical and mental health outcomes for youth.
Politics and policy of mental health
Authors: Lamb Norman 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to give an overview of the issues for mental health in the UK.

Design/methodology/approach
It is a personal view of the political issues facing the UK in recent years.

Findings
The fight for true parity of esteem for mental health is one where some progress has been made, but it is also a fight that we are still too far from winning. The battle for equality continues, but it must not detract from the need to innovate and to use scarce resources more effectively to improve people’s lives.

Originality/value
It is an attempt by the author to tackle mental health problems in children and young people at the individual, and larger population, and policy level.
Mixed methods study on the use of and attitudes towards safety checklists in interventional radiology
Authors: Munn Zachary , Giles Kristy , Aromataris Edoardo , Deakin Anita , Schultz Timothy , Mandel Catherine , Peters Micah DJ , Maddern Guy , Pearson Alan , Runciman William 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIntroductionThe use of safety checklists in interventional radiology is an intervention aimed at reducing mortality and morbidity. Currently there is little known about their practical use in Australian radiology departments. The primary aim of this mixed methods study was to evaluate how safety checklists (SC) are used and completed in radiology departments within Australian hospitals, and attitudes towards their use as described by Australian radiologists.MethodsA mixed methods approach employing both quantitative and qualitative techniques was used for this study. Direct observations of checklist use during radiological procedures were performed to determine compliance. Medical records were also audited to investigate whether there was any discrepancy between practice (actual care measured by direct observation) and documentation (documented care measured by an audit of records). A focus group with Australian radiologists was conducted to determine attitudes towards the use of checklists.ResultsAmong the four participating radiology departments, overall observed mean completion of the components of the checklist was 38%. The checklist items most commonly observed to be addressed by the operating theatre staff as noted during observations were correct patient (80%) and procedure (60%). Findings from the direct observations conflicted with the medical record audit, where there was a higher percentage of completion (64% completion) in comparison to the 38% observed. The focus group participants spoke of barriers to the use of checklists, including the culture of radiology departments.ConclusionThis is the first study of safety checklist use in radiology within Australia. Overall completion was low across the sites included in this study. Compliance data collected from observations differed markedly from reported compliance in medical records. There remain significant barriers to the proper use of safety checklists in Australian radiology departments.
Development of the Sumdo Suture in the Lhasa Block, Tibet, China
Authors: CHEN Songyong , YANG Jingsui , ZHANG Cong , XU Xiangzhen , LI Zhaoli 
Published: June 2017

The Qinghai–Tibet plateau is a composite continental fragment formed by collision of multiple terranes and island arcs. The Lhasa terrane, which is located in the central part of the plateau, is bounded by the Yarlung–Zangbo suture to the south and Bangong‐Nujiang suture to the north. An E–W–trending belt of (ultra)‐high pressure eclogite was discovered in the Sumdo region of the Lhasa terrane. Careful field studies combined with petrological, geochemical and isotopic analyses show that the Sumdo eclogites mark a Carboniferous–Permian suture zone, at least 100 km long, containing ophiolite fragments, eclogites and Indosinian post–orogenic granitoids. This suture divides the Lhasa block into a northern and southern segment.Sumdo eclogite occurs about 200 km east of Lhasa city, and extends over 100km in an E–W direction. Sumdo eclogites were accompanied by garnet amphibolite and plagioclase amphibolite formed by retrograde metamorphism of the eclogites. The eclogites were derived from oceanic basalts. LA–ICPMS U–Pb dating of zircon from the Sumdo eclogites indicates a Permian metamorphic age (260–270 Ma) and a Carboniferous protolith age of 303 ±4.8 MaThe ophiolite fragments in the Sumdo suture zone are composed of the ultramafic rocks, MORB–type basalt, OIB–type basalt and island arc basaltic andesite, some of which are intruded by post‐collisional granites. The ultramafic body, a typical tectonic block in the suture zone, is completely serpentinized. Its geochemical features suggest that it is composed of harzburgite, typical of depleted mantle peridotite. The MORB and OIB–type basalts crop out in the Chasagang Formation, and the basaltic andesite crops out in the Leilongku Formation, both of which make up the Sumdo Group.Zircons from the OIB–type basalt with typical magmatic characteristics yield an average U–Pb age of 306 (95%) Ma, suggesting formation in a Paleo–Tethyan basin in the Carboniferous. U–Pb dating of zircon from the basaltic andesites yielded a concordant age of 265±3.1 Ma, similar to the metamorphic age (266–270 Ma) of the eclogites, suggesting formation during subduction of the oceanic crust. Indosinian granodiorite with an age of 194±4.3 Ma crops out north of the Sumdo suture. These granodiorites are similar to the late Indochina granites in the Lhasa block, and most likely formed during continent‐arc collision or during closure of the Paleo‐Tethyan Ocean.A four–stage model for the evolution of the Sumdo Paleo–Tethyan suture is proposed: 1) From the Ordovician to the Devonian Gondwanaland was part of an epicontinental sea; 2) In the Carboniferous, continental rifting produced a local basin, which then evolved into a Paleo‐Tethyan ocean basin, dividing the Lhasa block into two segments; 3) From the Permian to the early Triassic, Paleo‐Tethyan oceanic crust was subducted northward and; 4) In the middle Triassic and early Jurassic, the two fragments collided to form the modern Lhasa block.
Petrological and Re‐Os Isotopic Constraints on the Origin and Tectonic Setting of the Cuobuzha Peridotite, Yarlung Zangbo Suture Zone, SW Tibet, China
Authors: FENG Guangying , YANG Jingsui , DILEK Yildirim , LIU Fei , XIONG Fahui 
Published: June 2017

The Yarlung Zangbo Suture Zone (YZSZ) in southern Tibet includes the remnants of Neotethyan oceanic lithosphere and marks a major suture between the Indian Plate to the south and the Lhasa Terrane of Tibet to the north (Dupuis et al., 2005; Yang et al., 2011). In the western part of the YZSZ, the Northern and the Southern sub‐belts form two sub‐parallel zones of mafic – ultramafic rock assemblages with overlapping crystallization ages (Xiong et al., 2011; Hebért et al., 2012; Liu et al., 2015). The upper mantle section of the Cuobuzha ophiolite in the northern sub‐belt of the Yarlung–Zangbo Suture Zone (YZSZ) in SW Tibet comprises mainly clinopyroxene (cpx)–rich and depleted harzburgites. Spinels in the cpx‐harzburgites show lower Cr# values (12.6–15.1) than the spinels in the harzburgites (26.1–34.5), and the cpx‐harzburgites display higher heavy rare earth element concentrations than the depleted harzburgites. The harzburgites have subchondritic Os isotopic compositions (0.11624–0.11699), whereas the cpx‐harzburgites have suprachondritic 187Os/188Os ratios (0.12831–0.13125) with higher Re concentrations (0.380–0.575 ppb). The cpx‐harzburgites plot in a Re vs. Al2O3 diagram as a result of subsequent addition of Re following the last partial melting event that occurred during mid‐ocean ridge melt evolution processes (Uysal et al., 2015).Although these geochemical and isotopic signatures suggest that both peridotite types in the ophiolite represent mid‐ocean ridge type upper mantle units, their melt evolution trends reflect different mantle processes. The cpx‐harzburgites formed from low‐degree partial melting (∼5%) of a primitive mantle source, and they were subsequently modified by melt–rock interactions in a mid‐ocean ridge environment. The depleted harzburgites, on the other hand, were produced by re‐melting of the cpx‐harzburgites, which later interacted with MORB‐ or island arc tholeiite (IAT)‐like melts (Fig. 1) possibly in a trench‐distal backarc spreading center. Our new isotopic and geochemical data from the Cuobuzha peridotites confirm that the Neotethyan upper mantle had highly heterogeneous Os isotopic compositions as a result of multiple melt production and melt extraction events during its seafloor spreading evolution.
The Fate of Chromium in Weathered Ultramafic Rocks and Their Derivitative Soils in Cuba: Clues from Spectroscopic Studies
Authors: FOSTER Andrea L. 
Published: June 2017

In its cationic, trivalent form, Chromium (Cr) it is a micronutrient, and exhibits low environmental mobility. In hexavalent form, however, it is a human carcinogen and also highly mobile. Climate is a key environmental factor controlling weathering rates and stability of primary and secondary Cr‐bearing minerals. Knowledge of Cr oxidation state and mineral residence is therefore essential to estimating the risk posed by Cr in serpentinites, chromite mine wastes, and soils developed on these parent materials. X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is currently the best available technique for determination of the relative abundance of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in situ (that is, without digestion of solid phases). A brief review of relevant XAS studies of is presented below, focusing on studies in tropical climates1, as they will be most relevant to eastern Cuba's extensively serpentinized ophiolite belt.Cr(III)‐bearing spinels are usually the dominant and most refractory Cr host in ultramafic rocks. Previous XAS studies2 indicate that in tropical climates, Cr‐spinels weather rapidly to form Cr(III)‐bearing secondary Fe(III) (hydr)oxides (goethite, hematite). Manganese (Mn) is also enriched in ultramafic rocks2; as Mn(IV), it can also co‐precipitate with Fe(III) (hydr)oxides, or form its own secondary (hydr)oxides. A previous study found up to 20% Cr(VI) in in a tropical, serpentine soil that contained substantial Mn, and a strong correlation between the amounts of Cr(VI) and Mn(IV) in the soil profile2. The results of several XAS studies suggest that a close association of Mn(IV) and Cr(III) in secondary Fe (hydr)oxides is necessary for oxidation of Cr(III) to Cr(VI) via electron transfer reactions with Mn(IV); however, additional XAS studies have shown that organic matter3 and Cr‐bearing aluminosilicates4 may also be important sources of Cr(III) to the environment under specific conditions. The stability and fate of Cr has not been studied in detail for these two host phase types, to the best of our knowledge.Access to XAS facilities to perform Cr geochemical experiments is limited and will only become more so in the future. We are working to develop and apply (micro)Raman spectroscopy to evaluate Cr oxidation state and mineral residence (in crystalline and amorphous materials). In addition to standard Raman scattering, we are employing resonance Raman (785 nm laser) to enhance signal from Cr(VI)‐bearing phases and laser‐stimulated photoluminescence to identify Cr(III) associated with Al‐rich alteration products
Ocean‐continent Transition to Suprasubduction Zone Origin of the Western Yarlung Zangbo Ophiolites in SW Tibet, China: Multi‐stage, Transient Evolution of the Neotethyan Oceanic Lithosphere
Authors: LIU Fei , YANG Jingsui , DILEK Yildirim , LIAN Dongyang , XIE Yanxue , NIU Xiaolu , FENG Guangying , ZHAO Hui , HUANG Jian , LI Guanlong 
Published: June 2017

The ophiolites that crop out discontinuously along the ∼2000 km Yarlung Zangbo Suture zone (YZSZ) between the Nanga Parbat and Namche Barwa syntaxes in southern Tibet represent the remnants of Neotethyan oceanic lithosphere (Fig. 1a). We have investigated the internal structure and the geochemical makeup of mafic‐ultramafic rock assemblages that are exposed in the westernmost segment of the YZSZ where the suture zone architecture displays two distinct sub‐belts of ophiolitic and mélange units separated by a continental Zhongba terrane (Fig. 1b). These two sub‐belts include the Daba – Xiugugabu in the south (Southern sub‐belt, SSB) and the Dajiweng – Saga in the north (Northern sub‐belt, NSB). We present new structural, geochemical, geochronological data from upper mantle peridotites and mafic dike intrusions occurring in these two sub‐belts and discuss their tectonomagmatic origin.In‐situ analysis of zircon grains obtained from mafic dikes within the Baer, Cuobuzha and Jianabeng massifs in the NSB, and within the Dongbo, Purang, Xiugugabu, Zhaga and Zhongba in the SSB have yielded crystallization ages ranging between130 and 122 Ma. Dike rocks in both sub‐belts show N‐MORB REE patterns and negative Nb, Ta and Ti anomalies, reminiscent of those documented from SSZ ophiolites. Harzburgitic host rocks of the mafic dike intrusions mainly display geochemical compositions of abyssal peridotites (Fig. 2), with the exception of the Dajiweng harzburgites, which show the geochemical signatures of forearc peridotites (Lian et al., 2016). Extrusive rocks that are spatially associated with these peridotite massifs in both sub‐belts also have varying compositional and geochemical features. Tithonian to Valanginian (150 – 135 Ma) basaltic rocks in the Dongbo massif have OIB‐like geochemistry and 138 Ma basaltic lavas in the Purang massif have EMORB‐like geochemistry (Liu et al., 2015). Tuffaceous rocks in the Dajiweng massif are 140 Ma in age and show OIB‐like geochemistry. We interpret these age and geochemical data to reflect a rifted continental margin origin of the extrusive rock units in both sub‐belts.These data and structural observations show that the western Yarluang Zangbo ophiolites represent fragments of an Ocean‐Continent Transition (OCT) peridotites altered by fluids in an initial supersubduction setting. We infer that mafic‐ultramafic rock assemblages exposed in the SSB and NSB initially formed in an ocean – continent transition zone (OCTZ) during the late Jurassic, and that they were subsequently emplaced in the forearc setting of an intraoceanic subduction zone within a Neotethyan seaway during 130 to 122 Ma. The NSB and SSB are hence part of a single, S‐directed nappe sheet derived from a Neotethyan seaway located north of the Zhongba terrane.
International Collaborations In Geodesy Advance Geoscience Research
Authors: MILLER M. Meghan 
Published: June 2017

UNAVCO supports geoscience research at 113 US academic Member institutions, and another 104 Associate Member institutions include international universities, laboratories, observatories, academies of science, and a museum. This diverse membership shares UNAVCO's purpose at home and abroad, giving UNAVCO global reach in advancing geodesy.Since the mid‐1980s, modern geodesy has evolved into a cutting‐edge, multi‐faceted toolbox with remarkably diverse research and real‐world applications, including studies and observation or forecasting of solid‐Earth hazards, the dynamics of the atmosphere, climate, near‐Earth space environment, and of key environmental parameters such as water storage, soil moisture, and sea‐and lake‐level changes. UNAVCO operates facilities on behalf of the U.S. National Science Foundation to support investigators who use geodetic tools across all of these Earth and atmospheric domains.UNAVCO has built a number of large dense regional networks of GPS stations, including the EarthScope Plate Boundary Observatory in North America, the COCONet Caribbean network, TLALOCNet in Mexico, GNET in Greenland, and ANET in Antarctica. Going forward, UNAVCO plans to federate the Plate Boundary Observatory (USA), TLALOCNet (Mexico), and COCONet (Caribbean) GPS networks as the Network of the Americas, with upgrades to state‐of‐the‐art, multi‐sensor, multi‐GNSS observations.While UNAVCO community scientists actively engage in using space and terrestrial geodetic techniques to study geodynamics at all scales, this proliferation of continuous networks is the basis for a suite of recent contributions that focus on improved daily positioning to sense Earth's elastic response and other perturbations to loading by atmospheric and surface water, oceans, and ice. Day‐to‐day and sub‐daily variations in the GPS vertical and horizontal correlate to increasingly well‐understood short‐term mass variability, such as monsoonal flooding in Bangladesh, sub‐daily changes in tidal loading at continent scales, day‐to‐day surface water and ice storage in the western U.S., variations in the rate of GIA in Greenland across a variety of scales, and improved understanding of the inter‐annual variation in sea level rise due to changes in terrestrial water storage.