bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Germline mutations in patients with multiple colorectal polyps in China
Authors: Li Chen‐Guang , Jin Peng , Yang Lang , Zang Wan‐Chun , Kang Qian , Li Na , He Yuqi , Xu Junfeng , Zhang Chen , Wang Xin , Sheng Jian‐Qiu 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackground and AimMultiple colorectal polyps are relevant in hereditary colorectal cancer (CRC) syndromes, which are thought to be caused by multiple events including germline mutations. This study was aimed to characterize germline mutations in Chinese patients with multiple colorectal polyps.MethodsPatients with > 10 colorectal polyps at the Department of Gastroenterology of the PLA Army General Hospital were enrolled from January 2014 to December 2015. These patients were divided into the high‐risk, moderate‐risk, and mild‐risk groups. White blood cell samples were collected, and DNA was extracted to sequence a panel of 19 genes previously associated with CRC by next‐generation sequencing.ResultsA total of 96 patients were enrolled in the study. Pathogenic germline mutations were found in 24 (24/33, 72.73%), nine (9/24, 37.5%), and three patients (3/39, 7.7%) in the high‐risk, moderate‐risk, and mild‐risk groups, respectively. Based on the results given, we suggested a strategy about gene sequencing test for the patients with multiple polyps, and the sensitivity and specificity of the screening strategy were 97% and 57%, respectively. Four of eight patients with MUTYH pathogenic germline mutations had the c.A934‐2G monoallelic germline mutation, whereas three of eight patients had the C55T MUTYH germline mutation. Concurrent pathogenic germline mutations in APC and MUTYH were also observed.ConclusionsA genetic screening strategy comprising 19 genes was effective to screen for hereditary CRC syndromes in patients with multiple colorectal polyps. The MUTYH germline mutation hotspots in Chinese patients may be different from those in Caucasian patients.
Empirical Dynamic Material Flow Model for Tungsten in the USA
Authors: Watson Rachel , Nieradka Briana , Vaccari David A. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryMultivariate polynomial regression (MPR) analysis was implemented to develop a nonlinear dynamic material flow model (DMFM) of tungsten in the United States for the years 1975–2000 without assumptions for lifetime distributions within reservoirs. Two external economic factors, the Consumer Price Index and the Industrial Production Index, were included as possible exogenous variables. Six types of vector time‐series models were developed using multilinear, simple interaction, and MPR models, each with and without the exogenous economic variables. The DMFMs developed in this work make one‐step‐ahead predictions. That is, the material flows in a given year were predicted using flows and exogenous variables from previous years. In contrast to approaches that utilize assumed lifetime distributions for material within reservoirs, such as the Weibull distribution, the approach used here is completely data driven. MPR models produced statistically better results than linear models for all 13 flows that were modeled. Four of these models used simple interaction terms (which we call linear interaction terms), and two of these incorporated exogenous variables. The other nine models utilized higher‐degree terms with interactions (called multivariate polynomial terms), and two of these incorporated exogenous variables. We conclude that nonlinear vector time series are capable of identifying complex relationships among material flows and exogenous variables. An understanding of these relationships has potential for managing, conserving, and/or forecasting the use of a resource.
Time‐Continuous Phosphorus Flows in the Indian Agri‐Food Sector: Long‐Term Drivers and Management Options
Authors: Keil Leonie , Folberth Christian , Jedelhauser Michael , Binder Claudia R. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryPhosphorus (P) is a major agricultural nutrient and, in its mineable form, a potentially scarce resource. Countries with limited physical access to P should hence develop an effective national P governance. This requires analyses of trends and variations in P flows and stocks over time. Here, we present a long‐term P flow analysis for the Indian agri‐food sector from 1988 to 2011. Major P flows are imports of mineral P, fertilizer application, and uptake of animal fodder. The mineral P import dependency ratio is constant at around 93%. On average, 20% of P inputs to soils are lost through erosion. Key drivers of changes in P flows include population growth, dietary change, and agricultural intensification. To reduce its P fertilizer import dependence, India could, for example, substitute up to 19% of the presently applied mineral P if manure used as a household fuel were recycled, and up to 21% if P was fully recovered from wastewater and household waste. Comparing selected indicators for P use in agriculture with China and the European Union (EU) reveals that there are structural similarities, such as increasing fertilizer application rates and P accumulation in soils, with the first but large differences compared to the latter. The analyses highlight that in contrast to static indicators, the time‐continuous tracking of P flows provides substantial advantages, such as the identification of long‐term trends, drivers, and intervention options for sustainable P management, given that it allows for the interpretation of present indicators in the context of past trends and legacies.
High‐resolution study of the 3D collagen fibrillary matrix of Achilles tendons without tissue labelling and dehydrating
Authors: WU JIAN‐PING , SWIFT BENJAMIN JOHN , BECKER THOMAS , SQUELCH ANDREW , WANG ALLAN , ZHENG YONG‐CHANG , ZHAO XUELIN , XU JIAKE , XUE WEI , ZHENG MINGHAO , LLOYD DAVID , KIRK THOMAS BRETT 
Published: March 2017

SummaryKnowledge of the collagen structure of an Achilles tendon is critical to comprehend the physiology, biomechanics, homeostasis and remodelling of the tissue. Despite intensive studies, there are still uncertainties regarding the microstructure. The majority of studies have examined the longitudinally arranged collagen fibrils as they are primarily attributed to the principal tensile strength of the tendon. Few studies have considered the structural integrity of the entire three‐dimensional (3D) collagen meshwork, and how the longitudinal collagen fibrils are integrated as a strong unit in a 3D domain to provide the tendons with the essential tensile properties. Using second harmonic generation imaging, a 3D imaging technique was developed and used to study the 3D collagen matrix in the midportion of Achilles tendons without tissue labelling and dehydration. Therefore, the 3D collagen structure is presented in a condition closely representative of the in vivo status. Atomic force microscopy studies have confirmed that second harmonic generation reveals the internal collagen matrix of tendons in 3D at a fibril level. Achilles tendons primarily contain longitudinal collagen fibrils that braid spatially into a dense rope‐like collagen meshwork and are encapsulated or wound tightly by the oblique collagen fibrils emanating from the epitenon region. The arrangement of the collagen fibrils provides the longitudinal fibrils with essential structural integrity and endows the tendon with the unique mechanical function for withstanding tensile stresses. A novel 3D microscopic method has been developed to examine the 3D collagen microstructure of tendons without tissue dehydrating and labelling. The study also provides new knowledge about the collagen microstructure in an Achilles tendon, which enables understanding of the function of the tissue. The knowledge may be important for applying surgical and tissue engineering techniques to tendon reconstruction.
Mechanisms of neuronal migration in the adult brain
Authors: Kaneko Naoko , Sawada Masato , Sawamoto Kazunobu 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAdult neurogenesis was first observed nearly 60 years ago, and it has since grown into an important neurochemistry research field. Much recent research has focused on the treatment of brain diseases through neuronal regeneration with endogenously generated neurons. In the adult brain, immature neurons called neuroblasts are continuously generated in the ventricular‐subventricular zone (V‐SVZ). These neuroblasts migrate rapidly through the rostral migratory stream to the olfactory bulb, where they mature and are integrated into the neuronal circuitry. After brain insult, some of the neuroblasts in the V‐SVZ migrate toward the lesion to repopulate the injured tissue. This notable migratory capacity of V‐SVZ‐derived neuroblasts is important for efficiently regenerating neurons in remote areas of the brain. As these neurons migrate for long distances through adult brain tissue, they are supported by various guidance cues and structures that act as scaffolds. Some of these mechanisms are unique to neuroblast migration in the adult brain, and are not involved in migration in the developing brain. Here, we review the latest findings on the mechanisms of neuroblast migration in the adult brain under physiological and pathological conditions, and discuss various issues that still need to be resolved.This article is part of the mini review series “60th Anniversary of the Japanese Society for Neurochemistry”.
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Stiffness mapping of lower leg muscles during passive dorsiflexion
Authors: Le Sant Guillaume , Nordez Antoine , Andrade Ricardo , Hug François , Freitas Sandro , Gross Raphaël 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIt is challenging to differentiate the mechanical properties of synergist muscles in vivo. Shear wave elastography can be used to quantify the shear modulus (i.e. an index of stiffness) of a specific muscle. This study assessed the passive behavior of lower leg muscles during passive dorsiflexion performed with the knee fully extended (experiment 1, n = 22) or with the knee flexed at 90° (experiment 2, n = 20). The shear modulus measurements were repeated twice during experiment 1 to assess the inter‐day reliability. During both experiments, the shear modulus of the following plantar flexors was randomly measured: gastrocnemii medialis (GM) and lateralis (GL), soleus (SOL), peroneus longus (PL), and the deep muscles flexor digitorum longus (FDL), flexor hallucis longus (FHL), tibialis posterior (TP). Two antagonist muscles tibialis anterior (TA), and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) were also recorded. Measurements were performed in different proximo‐distal regions for GM, GL and SOL. Inter‐day reliability was adequate for all muscles (coefficient of variation < 15%), except for TP. In experiment 1, GM exhibited the highest shear modulus at 80% of the maximal range of motion (128.5 ± 27.3 kPa) and was followed by GL (67.1 ± 24.1 kPa). In experiment 2, SOL exhibited the highest shear modulus (55.1 ± 18.0 kPa). The highest values of shear modulus were found for the distal locations of both the GM (80% of participants in experiment 1) and the SOL (100% of participants in experiment 2). For both experiments, deep muscles and PL exhibited low levels of stiffness during the stretch in young asymptomatic adults, which was unknown until now. These results provide a deeper understanding of passive mechanical properties and the distribution of stiffness between and within the plantar flexor muscles during stretching between them and thus could be relevant to study the effects of aging, disease progression, and rehabilitation on stiffness.
Implementation evaluation and refinement of an intervention to improve blunt chest injury management—A mixed‐methods study
Authors: Curtis Kate , Van Connie , Lam Mary , Asha Stephen , Unsworth Annalise , Clements Alana , Atkins Louise 
Published: March 2017

Aims and objectivesTo investigate uptake of a Chest Injury Protocol (ChIP), examine factors influencing its implementation and identify interventions for promoting its use.BackgroundFailure to treat blunt chest injuries in a timely manner with sufficient analgesia, physiotherapy and respiratory support, can lead to complications such as pneumonia and respiratory failure and/or death.DesignThis is a mixed‐methods implementation evaluation study.MethodsTwo methods were used: (i) identification and review of the characteristics of all patients eligible for the ChIP protocol, and (ii) survey of hospital staff opinions mapped to the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) to identify barriers and facilitators to implementation. The characteristics and treatment received between the groups were compared using the chi‐square test or Fischer's exact test for proportions, and the Mann–Whitney U‐test for continuous data. Quantitative survey data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Qualitative data were coded in NVivo 10 using a coding guide based on the TDF and Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW). Identification of interventions to change target behaviours was sourced from the Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy Version 1 in consultation with stakeholders.ResultsOnly 68.4% of eligible patients received ChIP. Fifteen facilitators and 10 barriers were identified to influence the implementation of ChIP in the clinical setting. These themes were mapped to 10 of the 14 TDF domains and corresponded with all nine intervention functions in the BCW. Seven of these intervention functions were selected to address the target behaviours and a multi‐faceted relaunch of the revised protocol developed. Following re‐launch, uptake increased to 91%.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated how the BCW may be used to revise and improve a clinical protocol in the ED context.Relevance to clinical practiceNewly implemented clinical protocols should incorporate clinician behaviour change assessment, strategy and interventions. Enhancing the self‐efficacy of emergency nurses when performing assessments has the potential to improve patient outcomes and should be included in implementation strategy.
The nursing work environment and quality of care: A cross‐sectional study using the Essentials of Magnetism II Scale in England
Authors: Oshodi Titilayo O , Crockett Rachel , Bruneau Benjamin , West Elizabeth 
Published: March 2017

Aims and objectivesTo explore the structure of the Essentials of Magnetism II (EOMII) scale using data from nurses working in England; and to describe the impact of different aspects of the nursing work environment on nurse‐assessed care quality (NACQ).BackgroundThe EOMII Scale was developed in the United States to measure nursing work environments. It has been widely used in the United States and in a number of other countries, but has not yet been used in the UK.DesignCross‐sectional study.MethodsRegistered nurses (n = 247) providing direct patient care in two National Health Service hospitals in England completed the EOMII scale and a single‐item measuring NACQ. Principal components analysis was used to assess the structure of the scale. Correlation and regression analyses were used to describe the relationships between factors and NACQ.ResultsA solution with explanatory variance of 45.25% was identified. Forty items loaded on five factors, with satisfactory consistency: (i) ward manager support; (ii) working as a team; (iii) concern for patients; (iv) organisational autonomy; and (v) constraints on nursing practice. While in univariate analyses, each of the factors was significantly associated with NACQ, in multivariate analyses, the relationship between organisational autonomy and NACQ no longer reached significance. However, a multiple mediation model indicated that the effect of organisational autonomy on NACQ was mediated by nurse manager support, working as a team and concern for patients but not constraints on nursing practice.ConclusionsSubscales of the EOMII identified in an English sample of nurses measured important aspects of the nursing work environment, each of which is related to NACQ.Relevance to clinical practiceThe EOMII could be a very useful tool for measuring aspects of the nursing work environment in the English Trusts particularly in relation to the quality of care.
Postoperative pain experiences in Chinese adult patients after thoracotomy and video‐assisted thoracic surgery
Authors: Wang Hui , Li Shanqing , Liang Naixin , Liu Wei , Liu Hongju , Liu Huaping 
Published: March 2017

Aims and objectivesTo investigate the developing course of postoperative pain in a Chinese sample of patients following thoracic surgery.BackgroundChronic postoperative pain following thoracic surgery including both thoracotomy and video‐assisted thoracic surgery is often reported. However, research on pain trends concerning this topic is scarce with a notable lack of culturally focused studies by nurses.DesignA prospective observational study.MethodsThe sample included patients undergoing thoracotomy (n = 137) and video‐assisted thoracic surgery (n = 143). Pain intensity and interference of pain with function were assessed during hospitalisation (day 1 to day 7 postoperatively) and followed up by telephone at 2 weeks and then at 1, 2, 3 and 6 months after surgery.ResultsModerate‐to‐severe pain when coughing and moving was reported in over 85% during hospitalisation, and a significant difference in pain was found between those undergoing a thoracotomy (61%) and those having video‐assisted surgery (34%). Many patients whose immediate postoperative pain was poorly managed tended to report high pain levels after discharge and continued to have clinically important chronic pain 6 months after surgery. The pain intensity mean score during movement in the first five postoperative days was an important predictor of clinically important chronic pain, and those experiencing severe acute pain during hospitalisation had a higher probability of developing chronic pain.ConclusionsPostoperative pain after thoracic surgery warrants greater attention because those experiencing severe acute pain during hospitalisation have a higher probability of developing chronic pain. Aggressive pain management and multimodal analgesia are recommended to prevent long‐term suffering in patients.Relevance to clinical practiceChronic pain after thoracic surgery remains a challenge in clinical nursing. To improve pain management quality and to prevent the transition of acute postoperative pain to chronic pain, standardised practice protocols and comprehensive physician and nurse education are highly recommended.
Ochratoxin A cytotoxicity on Madin–Darby canine kidney cells in the presence of alpha‐tocopherol: Effects on cell viability and tight junctions
Authors: Fusi E. , Giromini C. , Rebucci R. , Pinotti L. , Caprarulo V. , Cheli F. , Vitari F. , Domeneghini C. , Baldi A. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryOchratoxin A (OTA) is a potent nephrotoxic fungi metabolite that affects animal and human health. At the cellular level, OTA is able to alter functions and viability by several mechanisms of action. Several strategies to counteract its toxicity have been studied. We investigated the role of α‐tocopherol in counteracting OTA oxidative damage in Madin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells by pre‐incubating the cells for 3 hr with the antioxidant (1 nm, 10 μm) and then adding OTA (0–1.2 μg/ml) for the following 24 hr. Cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, TUNEL staining and occludin and Zo1 localization by immunofluorescence were determined. Here, 1 nm α‐tocopherol was shown to significantly reduce (p < .05) the cytotoxicity, LDH release and apoptotic rate induced by OTA. The presence of the antioxidant at the same concentration maintained the localization of occludin and Zo1 in the rim of the MDCK cells after the 24‐hr OTA exposure. These results indicate that a low concentration of α‐tocopherol could block OTA toxicity, supporting its defensive role in the cellular membrane.
Giving Voice to Persons With Intellectual Disabilities About Family Quality of Life
Authors: Correia Raquel Alveirinho , Seabra‐Santos Maria João , Campos Pinto Paula , Brown Ivan 
Published: March 2017

AbstractResearch in the field of disability should include the voice of individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID), since these individuals are considered to be the experts on their own experiences. Quality of life (QoL) is a worldwide concept that has been studied in many areas, including ID. Since about the year 2000, researchers have studied QoL of families in many countries around the world, but this body of research has mostly reflected the views of the main caregiver of the person with ID. The major purpose of this study was to give voice to persons with ID, and to explore their perspectives about their FQoL. Four focus groups were conducted with 17 men and women with ID (mild and moderate), aged between 16 and 53 years old. Full transcriptions of the focus group discussions were analyzed with the NVivo 10 software. The findings showed that persons with ID identify family relationships as the most important dimension for FQoL and that some differences between younger and older participants existed. Ethical and practical challenges, as well as the implications for research and intervention are discussed. The inclusion of individuals with ID as informants in research is a way to value their point of view, empower them, and recognize the knowledge that they are able to bring to research.
Memory effects of sleep, emotional valence, arousal and novelty in children
Authors: Vermeulen Marije C. M. , van der Heijden Kristiaan B. , Benjamins Jeroen S. , Swaab Hanna , van Someren Eus J. W. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryEffectiveness of memory consolidation is determined by multiple factors, including sleep after learning, emotional valence, arousal and novelty. Few studies investigated how the effect of sleep compares with (and interacts with) these other factors, of which virtually none are in children. The present study did so by repeated assessment of declarative memory in 386 children (45% boys) aged 9–11 years through an online word‐pair task. Children were randomly assigned to either a morning or evening learning session of 30 unrelated word‐pairs with positive, neutral or negative valenced cues and neutral targets. After immediately assessing baseline recognition, delayed recognition was recorded either 12 or 24 h later, resulting in four different assessment schedules. One week later, the procedure was repeated with exactly the same word‐pairs to evaluate whether effects differed for relearning versus original novel learning. Mixed‐effect logistic regression models were used to evaluate how the probability of correct recognition was affected by sleep, valence, arousal, novelty and their interactions. Both immediate and delayed recognition were worse for pairs with negatively valenced or less arousing cue words. Relearning improved immediate and delayed word‐pair recognition. In contrast to these effects, sleep did not affect recognition, nor did sleep moderate the effects of arousal, valence and novelty. The findings suggest a robust inclination of children to specifically forget the pairing of words to negatively valenced cue words. In agreement with a recent meta‐analysis, children seem to depend less on sleep for the consolidation of information than has been reported for adults, irrespective of the emotional valence, arousal and novelty of word‐pairs.