bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Classification of Kudoa thyrsites infected and uninfected fish using a handheld near‐infrared spectrophotometer, SIMCA and PLS‐DA
Authors: Henning S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractKudoa thyrsites infection of marine fish typically results in myoliquefaction, which is only apparent 24 to 56 h post‐mortem. The traditional methods for the detection of K. thyrsites infected fish are time‐consuming and destructive, reducing its marketability. This poses a challenge for the fish industry to remove infected fish before it reaches the market or further processing activities. This study investigated the use of near‐infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, in combination with soft independent modelling of class analogy (SIMCA) and partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA), for discriminating K. thyrsites infected fish from uninfected fish. Performance of the classification models was evaluated by calculating the sensitivity, specificity and precision. A total of 334 fish samples (200 sardine, 64 hake and 70 kingklip) were used for this study. Infection of K. thyrsites was determined with the use of qPCR assays. Ninety per cent (90%) of the sardine samples, 78% of the hake samples and 37% of the kingklip samples were infected. Class groups of infected and uninfected fish samples were created for the purpose of generating SIMCA and PLS‐DA classification models for each species of fish, as well as for a species independent data set. Principal component analysis (PCA) of NIR spectra did not show any clustering for infected and uninfected samples. Calibration and test sample sets were generated for the purpose of building and testing the SIMCA and PLD‐DA classification models. SIMCA and PLS‐DA were unable to classify test samples correctly into the two classes. The number of misclassifications (NMC) was higher for the SIMCA models than for the PLS‐DA models, with more than 60% incorrectly classified. SIMCA classified most of the test samples into both classes. The precision for PLS‐DA were 89% for sardine, 81% for hake, 0% for kingklip and 87% for species independent models, however, most samples were classified at infected. The use of NIR spectroscopy and classification models such as SIMCA and PLS‐DA showed limited use as a method to distinguish between K. thyrsites infected and uninfected fish samples. Textural and chemical changes during extended frozen storage of the fish samples may have masked the effects associated with K. thyrsites infection. Further studies are suggested where NIR spectroscopy is used in combination with texture analysis and image spectroscopy.
Long‐term maintenance‐related complications of brachiocephalic vein cannulations in neonates: A retrospective evaluation
Authors: Simsek Eser , Uzumcugil Filiz , Yigit Sule 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundNeonates are relatively prone to immediate, early, and late complications related to central venous cannulation (CVC). Ultrasound‐guided brachiocephalic vein (BCV) cannulation has proven to be safe in neonates. Although studies addressed the immediate and early complications of CVC via BCV in neonates, few explored long‐term maintenance‐related complications.AimsTo evaluate the incidences of long‐term maintenance‐related complications including central line‐associated blood stream infection (CLABSI), central line‐associated thrombosis (CLAT), and mechanical complications (CLAMC) of nontunneled BCV cannulation in neonates and their relationship with patient and catheter‐related factors.MethodsThis study included BCV cannulations of neonates with postconceptional age of ≤44 weeks performed between January 2018 and January 2023. The incidences of complications were determined. Correlations between complications and postconceptional age, body weight, indication for catheter placement, the size and side of the catheter, as well as catheter dwell time were analyzed.ResultsIn total, 89 BCV cannulations performed in 71 neonates. The incidences were 19.3 [95%CI: 12.88–28.76] total complications, 5.9 [95%CI: 2.84–12.06] CLABSI, 3.4 [95%CI: 1.30–8.58] CLAT and 10.1 [95%CI: 5.76–17.49] CLAMC in 1000 catheter days. There were 23 (25.8%) total complications; 7 (7.9%) were CLABSI, 4 (4.5%) were CLAT, and 12 (13.5%) were CLAMC. The multivariate analysis revealed that prolonged dwell time was associated with high incidence of total complications [OR: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.00–1.14, p = .047] and the catheter of smaller size (3F in this study) was associated with higher incidence of CLABSI [OR: 8.91, 95% CI: 1.03–77.45, p = .047].ConclusionIn this study, the prolonged dwell time and smaller sized catheter was found to be independent predictors of total complications and CLABSI, respectively. The independent predictive effects of postconceptional age and body weight should be addressed in larger studies as potential risk factors.
Multi‐Omics Analysis Reveals Molecular Responses of Alkaloid Content Variations in Lycoris aurea Across Different Locations
Authors: Zuo You‐Wei , Quan Miao‐Hua , Liu Guang‐Hua , Zhang Xiao , Long Na‐Na , You Shi‐Qi , Peng Yang , Deng Hong‐Ping 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTLycoris aurea, celebrated for its visually striking flowers and significant medicinal value due to the presence of alkaloids such as lycorine and galanthamine, has intricate yet poorly understood regulatory mechanisms. This study provides a detailed examination of the transcriptomic, metabolomic and ecological dynamics of L. aurea, aiming to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of alkaloid biosynthesis. Our comparative analysis across different ecological settings highlighted key genes involved in alkaloid biosynthesis, such as genes encoding aldehyde dehydrogenase and norbelladine 4′‐O‐methyltransferase, which were distinctively increased in the high alkaloids‐producing group. We identified a total of 6871 differentially expressed genes and 915 metabolites involved in pathways like terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis. Protein interaction network analysis revealed significant upregulation of photosynthesis, photosystem and photosynthetic membrane pathways in the alkaloids‐producing region. Furthermore, our research delineated the interactions among soil microbial communities, genes and plant and soil biochemical properties, noting that bacterial populations correlate with soil properties that favour the activation of metabolic pathways essential for alkaloid production. Collectively, this study advances our understanding of the genetic and metabolic alkaloid biosynthesis pathways in L. aurea, shedding light on the complex interactions that govern alkaloid production.
Post‐hoc safety/efficacy analyses from pediatric delgocitinib atopic dermatitis trials
Authors: Fukuie Tatsuki , Toyama Hiroyuki , Tanaka Mai , Ohashi‐Doi Katsuyo , Kabashima Kenji 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundDelgocitinib ointment is usually recommended for use in children at a concentration of 0.25%. However, there are no clear criteria for dosing, except that a 0.5% formulation may also be used, depending on symptom severity. Treatment of atopic dermatitis is based on combinations of topical corticosteroids, tacrolimus ointment, and delgocitinib ointment, but there are no reports on the safety of delgocitinib ointment when used in combination with other drugs.MethodsThis is a post‐hoc analysis of data from two delgocitinib ointment trials with pediatric atopic dermatitis patients. The efficacy and safety of the 0.25% and 0.5% formulations were compared. Efficacy and safety were evaluated after up to 4 and 56 weeks of treatment, respectively. The safety of delgocitinib ointment when used in combination with topical corticosteroids and/or tacrolimus ointment was investigated.ResultsThe dose–response relationship was examined according to baseline disease severity. The proportions of subjects with mild disease who achieved cumulative investigator's global assessment of 0 (clear) or 1 (almost clear) were 46.2% (0.25% ointment), 71.4% (0.5% ointment), and 7.7% (vehicle). For subjects with moderate to severe disease, the corresponding proportions were 19.0%, 20.0%, and 0.0%, respectively. No overall differences were seen in the safety profiles of the 0.25% and 0.5% delgocitinib ointment doses, or in the safety profiles of the two doses relating to disease severity or to concomitant use of topical corticosteroids and/or tacrolimus ointment.ConclusionsThese analyses indicate that after up to 4 weeks of treatment, delgocitinib 0.5% ointment may be more effective than the 0.25% dose for mild atopic dermatitis, and that after up to 56 weeks of treatment, delgocitinib is well tolerated in a pediatric trial population when used as prescribed in combination with topical corticosteroids and/or tacrolimus ointment.
The association between methimazole tapering and intractable Graves' disease in children
Authors: Kim Sung Eun , Park Su Jin , Sim Soo Yeun , Kim Seul Ki , Ahn Moon Bae , Kim Shin Hee , Cho Won Kyoung , Cho Kyoung Soon , Jung Min Ho , Suh Byung‐Kyu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to find predictive factors for intractable Graves' disease (GD).MethodsNinety‐three GD patients who visited two pediatric endocrinology clinics from March 2009 to August 2019 were involved in this study. Data were collected on the methimazole (MZ) dosages prescribed from their first visits to their fifth visits. The amount of tapered dosage was presented as a “tapering velocity” (dosage difference (mg/m2)/follow‐up interval (months)). The relationship between the tapering velocity and the remission rate of GD was analyzed. Remission of GD was defined as having a total period of MZ treatment less than 5 years with no relapse after MZ withdrawal for at least more than a year.ResultsOf 93 patients diagnosed with GD, 26 patients (28.0%) were classified as the “remission group” and 67 (72.0%) were classified as the “intractable group.” The frequency of goiter was significantly higher in the intractable group (p = 0.031). Multivariate logistic analysis revealed that the tapering velocity change from the first to the fifth visit significantly influenced the risk of intractable GD: odds ratio (OR) = 0.598, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.413–0.865, p = 0.006. An accompanying goiter at the time of diagnosis (OR = 4.706 95% CI 1.315–16.847, p = 0.017) and thyroid stimulation hormone receptor antibody titer (OR = 1.032 95% CI 1.002–1.062, p = 0.034) were also found to be independent factors associated with intractable progress in GD.ConclusionDifficulty in tapering the MZ dosage in the first 4 months of treatment was an independent predicting factor for intractable GD.
Adolescent and Young Adult Development in Transplant Recipients
Authors: Braun‐Courville Debra , Holliday Sarah , Desai Neerav 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTSolid organ transplantation (SOT) is the gold standard of therapy for individuals with end‐organ dysfunction. Improved survival outcomes after SOT can help adolescent and young adult (AYA) recipients lead long and healthy life. However, successful SOT during adolescence and young adulthood is often complicated by the innate developmental challenges of this age group. The psychosocial tasks of adolescence include identity development, autonomous decision‐making, establishing social networks, educational and vocational preparation, and navigating romantic relationships. These goals may be amplified or delayed for pediatric SOT recipients. Adolescence is also marked by rapid physical changes in linear growth and the development of secondary sexual characteristics. Yet AYA may experience physical and pubertal delays related to transplantation, as well as exaggerated body image dissatisfaction due to medication side effects. Strict adherence to medication and post‐transplant regimens may interfere with adolescents' desire for normalcy and fitting in with peers. Healthcare providers should be aware that AYA value education and self‐empowerment in transplant care. Transplant success needs to be defined by both medical and psychosocial outcomes, particularly when it relates to the vulnerable AYA population. Fortunately, investment from the patient, family, and care team can aid in transplant recovery and success. This article will identify the developmental challenges faced by AYA undergoing solid organ transplantation as well as strategies to engage positive outcomes.
Incomplete Immunity for Varicella and Measles in Pediatric Organ Transplant Candidates. Real World Experience From an Infectious Diseases Pre‐Transplantation Clinic
Authors: Daniels Heather L. , Foster Charles B. , Liu Wei , Esper Frank , Sabella Camille , Gonzalez Blanca E. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundVaccinating pediatric solid organ transplant candidates against measles and varicella is crucial due to the risk of severe disease in immunosuppressed recipients and general avoidance of live virus vaccines post‐transplantation. The world saw a resurgence of measles starting 2012 prompting the American Society of Transplantation in 2015 to release guidelines on recognition, prevention, and post‐exposure prophylaxis of this disease in solid transplant recipients. This study aims to assess the extent of incomplete immunity to these viruses in candidates and the approach to immunity optimization during a period of heightened awareness.MethodsA cross‐sectional study from 2012 to 2016 at Cleveland Clinic Children's included pediatric solid organ transplant candidates. Data on vaccination history, serology, and demographics were collected. Incomplete immunity was defined by incomplete vaccination or seronegativity.ResultsAmong 91 candidates, 54.9% had complete varicella vaccination. Serological varicella immunity among patients tested varied by age: < 7 years, 50.0% positive in patients with complete schedules, none in the incomplete; ≥ 7 years, 50.0% positive in patients with complete schedules, 65.5% in the incomplete. For measles, 69.2% had complete vaccination, with immunity varying by age among those tested: < 7 years, 84.6% positive in patients with complete schedules, 42.9% in the incomplete; ≥ 7 years, 81.0% with complete, 62.5% with incomplete. Only 31.1% of those who qualified for a varicella additional dose and 28% who qualified for an additional measles dose received it, respectively.ConclusionsIncomplete immunity to varicella and measles was prevalent in pediatric solid organ transplant candidates at our center during the study period. Despite an increase in global measles activity, our efforts to optimize immunity through additional vaccine doses were only partially successful. Future research should focus on addressing strategies and understanding barriers to ensure timely vaccination for this vulnerable population prior to transplant, especially during periods of increased viral activity.
Living Donor Liver Transplantation for Congenital Portosystemic Shunt Presenting With Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia
Authors: Kadohisa Masashi , Okamoto Tatsuya , Iwanaga Kougorou , Yamamoto Miki , Uebayashi Elena Yukie , Ogawa Eri , Okajima Hideaki , Hatano Etsuro 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundA congenital portosystemic shunt (CPSS) is defined as abnormal vascular communications between the portal vein and the systemic vein. Encephalopathy, hepatopulmonary syndrome, and portopulmonary hypertension are manifestations in patients with CPSS. Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia is also one of the manifestations of CPSS. Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia secondary to CPSS is caused by a lack of hepatic first‐pass elimination of insulin, which is secreted from pancreatic beta cells.Case PresentationA 7‐month‐old boy had hypergalactosemia detected by newborn mass screening. Enhanced abdominal computed tomography showed the absence of the portal vein trunk and extrahepatic portosystemic communication between the superior mesenteric vein and the inferior vena cava. He had suffered from uncontrollable hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia under protein and lactose restriction. We performed living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) using a left lateral segment graft from his father. The postoperative course was uneventful and the hypoglycemic attacks disappeared.ConclusionWe believe that uncontrolled hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia secondary to CPSS is an indication of LDLT.
Ultraviolet radiation thin film dosimetry: A review of properties and applications
Authors: Parisi Alfio V. , Downs Nathan J. , Schouten Peter , Igoe Damien P. , Turner Joanna , Amar Abdurazaq , Wainwright Lisa , Dawes Adrian , Butler Harry , Dekeyser Stijn 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSpectroradiometry, radiometry, and dosimetry are employed for the measurement of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) irradiance and non‐ionizing exposure. Different types of UVR dosimeter have been developed for measuring personal and environmental UVR exposures since film dosimetry was pioneered in the 1970s. An important type of dosimeter is the thin film variant, which contains materials that undergo changes in optical absorbance when exposed to UVR. These changes can be measured at a specific wavelength using a spectrophotometer. Thin film dosimeters allow UVR exposure measurements on humans at various body sites during daily activities, as well as on plants, animals, and any sites of interest when utilized in a field environment. This review examines the properties and applications of five types of thin film UVR dosimeter that have different dynamic exposure limits and spectral responses. Polysulphone, with a spectral response approximating the human erythema action spectrum, was one of the first materials employed in thin film form for the measurement of UVR exposures up to 1 day, and up to 6 days with an extended dynamic range filter. Polyphenylene oxide has been characterized and employed for personal UVR exposure measurements up to approximately four summer days and has also been used for long‐term underwater UVR exposures. Phenothiazine and 8‐methoxypsoralen have been reported as suitable for the measurement of longer wavelength UVA exposures. Finally, polyvinyl chloride with an extended dynamic exposure range of over 3 weeks has been shown to have predominantly a spectral response in the UVB and extending up to 340 nm.
Inflation, Fiscal Policy, and Inequality: The Impact of the Post‐Pandemic Price Surge and Fiscal Measures on European Households
Authors: Amores Antonio F. , Basso Henrique , Bischl Johannes Simeon , De Agostini Paola , De Poli Silvia , Dicarlo Emanuele , Flevotomou Maria , Freier Maximilian , Maier Sofia , García‐Miralles Esteban , Pidkuyko Myroslav , Ricci Mattia , Riscado Sara 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFollowing the inflation surge in the aftermath of the pandemic crisis, Euro Area governments adopted a large array of fiscal measures to cushion its impact on households. The inflationary shock and related fiscal measures affected households differently depending on their country, their consumption patterns, and their position in the income distribution. This paper uncovers the aggregate and distributional impact of this inflationary shock, as well as the impact of the government measures aimed at supporting households and containing prices. The analysis is carried out for 2022 and includes Germany, France, Italy, Spain, Portugal, and Greece. Our work confirms that the purchasing power and welfare of low‐income households was more severely affected than that of high‐income households. Fiscal measures contributed significantly to closing this gap, though with country differences. However, most fiscal measures were not particularly targeted at low‐income households, implying a low cost‐effectiveness in protecting the poorest in some countries.
Unsupervised Change Detection Methods Applied to Landslide Mapping: Case Study in São Sebastião, Brazil
Authors: Moço Gabriella Almeida , Negri Rogério Galante , Paumpuch Luana Albertani , Ribeiro João Vitor Mariano , Bressane Adriano , Bortolozo Cassiano 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTLandslides represent a growing global geological hazard, further intensified by climate‐induced changes. Remote sensing data, through its capacity for repetitive collection and change detection techniques, that compare and quantify the spatio‐temporal alterations over time, plays a critical role in landslide detection. Considering the February 2023 São Sebastião event and Sentinel‐2 imagery, we assessed diverse unsupervised change detection techniques, encompassing both traditional and recent machine learning‐based approaches. Notably, the Floating References (FR) and Homogeneous Blocks Single‐class Classification (HBSC) methods outperform classic approaches and deliver the most accurate results with F1‐Score and kappa coefficient exceeding 0.96 and 0.92, respectively. These outcomes demonstrate the efficacy of machine learning in automating landslide delineation and underscore the necessity of meticulous data and parameter selection in achieving high‐accuracy automatic landslide mapping. Lastly, this study fills a significant gap in the existing literature by evaluating unsupervised change detection methods for landslide mapping within the Brazilian context.
Least energy solutions for a class of (p1,p2)$(p_{1}, p_{2})$‐Kirchhoff‐type problems in RN$\mathbb {R}^{N}$ with general nonlinearities
Authors: Ambrosio Vincenzo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe examine the following ‐Kirchhoff‐type problem:
where , , is the ‐Laplacian operator for , are two continuous Kirchhoff functions that satisfy suitable conditions, and is a general nonlinearity. Using appropriate variational arguments, we prove the existence of a radially symmetric least energy solution.
Molecular permeation through large pore channels: computational approaches and insights
Authors: Kumar Deepak , Harris Andrew L. , Luo Yun Lyna 
Published: October 2024

AbstractComputational methods such as molecular dynamics (MD) have illuminated how single‐atom ions permeate membrane channels and how selectivity among them is achieved. Much less is understood about molecular permeation through eukaryotic channels that mediate the flux of small molecules (e.g. connexins, pannexins, LRRC8s, CALHMs). Here we describe computational methods that have been profitably employed to explore the movements of molecules through wide pores, revealing mechanistic insights, guiding experiments, and suggesting testable hypotheses. This review illustrates MD techniques such as voltage‐driven flux, potential of mean force, and mean first‐passage‐time calculations, as applied to molecular permeation through wide pores. These techniques have enabled detailed and quantitative modeling of molecular interactions and movement of permeants at the atomic level. We highlight novel contributors to the transit of molecules through these wide pathways. In particular, the flexibility and anisotropic nature of permeant molecules, coupled with the dynamics of pore‐lining residues, lead to bespoke permeation dynamics. As more eukaryotic large‐pore channel structures and functional data become available, these insights and approaches will be important for understanding the physical principles underlying molecular permeation and as guides for experimental design.
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