bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and SAR Study of Anticancer Protoflavone Derivatives: Investigation of Cytotoxicity and Interaction with ABCB1 and ABCG2 Multidrug Efflux Transporters
Authors: Dankó Balázs , Tóth Szilárd , Martins Ana , Vágvölgyi Máté , Kúsz Norbert , Molnár Joseph , Chang Fang‐Rong , Wu Yang‐Chang , Szakács Gergely , Hunyadi Attila 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThere is a constant need for new therapies against multidrug‐resistant (MDR) cancer. Natural compounds are a promising source of novel anticancer agents. We recently showed that protoflavones display activity in MDR cancer cell lines that overexpress the P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) drug efflux pump. In this study, 52 protoflavones, including 22 new derivatives, were synthesized and tested against a panel of drug‐sensitive parental cells and their MDR derivatives obtained by transfection with the human ABCB1 or ABCG2 genes, or by adaptation to chemotherapeutics. With the exception of protoapigenone, identified as a weak ABCG2 substrate, all protoflavones bypass resistance conferred by these two transporters. The majority of the compounds were found to exhibit mild to strong (up to 13‐fold) selectivity against the MCF‐7Dox and KB‐V1 cell lines, but not to transfected MDR cells engineered to overexpress the MDR transporters. Our results suggest that protoflavones can overcome MDR cancer by evading P‐gp‐mediated efflux.
Prostate cancer in black men: Is it time for personalized screening approaches?
Authors: Wallner Lauren P. , Jacobsen Steven J. 
Published: April 2017

Evidence is accumulating that a “1‐size‐fits‐all” screening approach to prostate cancer may not be what is most appropriate. Therefore, the use of personalized screening approaches in higher‐risk men, particularly black men, warrants further policy consideration.See also pages 2312‐9.
A game theoretic method to model and analyze attack‐defense strategy of resource service in cloud application
Authors: Fan Guisheng , Chen Liqiong , Yu Huiqun 
Published: April 2017

SummaryCloud computing has attracted much attention recently in both industry field and academic research area. More and more Internet applications are moving to the cloud environment. However, it is difficult to construct perfectly secure mechanisms facing up with complex and various attacks in cloud computing, the efficient attack‐defense strategy is highly demanded. In this paper, a stochastic game model is proposed based on combining stochastic Petri nets with game theory, which is used to describe the attack‐defense behaviors in cloud computing. The physical machine, attack‐defense behavior, and their attributes are also modeled by stochastic game model thus forming the attack‐defense game model of cloud computing. On this basis, the Nash equilibrium of attack‐defense process in physical machine is computed to get the optimal defense strategy. The related theories of Petri nets and the reachable states of attack‐defense game model are used to formally verify the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method. The enforcement algorithm is proposed to make cloud computing dynamically evaluate and select the defense strategy to against attack behavior as quickly as possible. Both case study and simulation results show that the proposed method can adapt quickly to the changes in cloud application thus improving the security of cloud computing.
An IoT‐based monitoring approach for cultural heritage sites: The Matera case
Authors: Gribaudo Marco , Iacono Mauro , Levis Alexander H. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryProtection and preservation of cultural heritage is an important responsibility for policy makers, public and private institutions, and the citizens themselves. Technologists can make an important contribution by designing monitoring systems for these sites and using the data to prevent incidents. Internet‐of‐things technology offers, for a sustainable price and with significant flexibility, a wide range of different possibilities, fitting different circumstances: from monitoring the environmental parameters of a room in a museum to sensing structural changes in a historical building and to protecting vulnerable artifacts. In this paper, we consider the case of monitoring an extended cultural heritage area: a UNESCO protected site, the center of Matera, an Italian town that will be a European Capital of Culture in 2019. This city is a unique historical settlement, as buildings are partially carved into the rock that constitutes the geological substrate of the area, a local practice used since the prehistoric age. The extent and density of these structures makes the physical protection of the site a big challenge when the expected large crowds of tourists arrive. The objective of the proposed system is to anticipate the threats in a timely manner so that appropriate actions are taken by the authorities thus avoiding damage to the cultural heritage sites.We propose a technique for modeling the performances of the Internet‐of‐things–based monitoring systems that support the planning of incident management in a protected site by exploiting multiple, sparse, heterogeneous, and partially controlled sensors to monitor the behavior of the crowd. The technique is based on the use of Markovian agent models to study the parameters and the dynamics of a scenario, to understand the needs of the monitoring system.
The mobile conjugate reinforcement paradigm in a lab setting
Authors: Merz Emily C. , McDonough Laraine , Huang Yong Lin , Foss Sophie , Werner Elizabeth , Monk Catherine 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe mobile conjugate reinforcement task was administered to 4‐month‐old infants in a lab rather than a home setting where it is usually administered. Learning and retention patterns were comparable to those of infants tested in their homes, suggesting flexibility in where this task can be administered. These results pave the way for this task to be used with a broader range of infants for whom home visits are not practical or convenient (e.g., infants in child care). Developmental research conducted with a more diverse population of infants would facilitate our understanding of cognitive development very early in life.
Life‐history predicts past and present population connectivity in two sympatric sea stars
Authors: Puritz Jonathan B. , Keever Carson C. , Addison Jason A. , Barbosa Sergio S. , Byrne Maria , Hart Michael W. , Grosberg Richard K. , Toonen Robert J. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractLife‐history traits, especially the mode and duration of larval development, are expected to strongly influence the population connectivity and phylogeography of marine species. Comparative analysis of sympatric, closely related species with differing life histories provides the opportunity to specifically investigate these mechanisms of evolution but have been equivocal in this regard. Here, we sample two sympatric sea stars across the same geographic range in temperate waters of Australia. Using a combination of mitochondrial DNA sequences, nuclear DNA sequences, and microsatellite genotypes, we show that the benthic‐developing sea star, Parvulastra exigua, has lower levels of within‐ and among‐population genetic diversity, more inferred genetic clusters, and higher levels of hierarchical and pairwise population structure than Meridiastra calcar, a species with planktonic development. While both species have populations that have diverged since the middle of the second glacial period of the Pleistocene, most P. exigua populations have origins after the last glacial maxima (LGM), whereas most M. calcar populations diverged long before the LGM. Our results indicate that phylogenetic patterns of these two species are consistent with predicted dispersal abilities; the benthic‐developing P. exigua shows a pattern of extirpation during the LGM with subsequent recolonization, whereas the planktonic‐developing M. calcar shows a pattern of persistence and isolation during the LGM with subsequent post‐Pleistocene introgression.
The combined effects of reactant kinetics and enzyme stability explain the temperature dependence of metabolic rates
Authors: DeLong J. P. , Gibert J. P. , Luhring T. M. , Bachman G. , Reed B. , Neyer A. , Montooth K. L. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA mechanistic understanding of the response of metabolic rate to temperature is essential for understanding thermal ecology and metabolic adaptation. Although the Arrhenius equation has been used to describe the effects of temperature on reaction rates and metabolic traits, it does not adequately describe two aspects of the thermal performance curve (TPC) for metabolic rate—that metabolic rate is a unimodal function of temperature often with maximal values in the biologically relevant temperature range and that activation energies are temperature dependent. We show that the temperature dependence of metabolic rate in ectotherms is well described by an enzyme‐assisted Arrhenius (EAAR) model that accounts for the temperature‐dependent contribution of enzymes to decreasing the activation energy required for reactions to occur. The model is mechanistically derived using the thermodynamic rules that govern protein stability. We contrast our model with other unimodal functions that also can be used to describe the temperature dependence of metabolic rate to show how theEAARmodel provides an important advance over previous work. We fit theEAARmodel to metabolic rate data for a variety of taxa to demonstrate the model's utility in describing metabolic rateTPCs while revealing significant differences in thermodynamic properties across species and acclimation temperatures. Our model advances our ability to understand the metabolic and ecological consequences of increases in the mean and variance of temperature associated with global climate change. In addition, the model suggests avenues by which organisms can acclimate and adapt to changing thermal environments. Furthermore, the parameters in theEAARmodel generate links between organismal level performance and underlying molecular processes that can be tested for in future work.
A Hybrid DC Circuit Breaker Combining a Multilevel Converter and Mechanical Contactors: Verification of the Principles of Operation by Experiment and Simulation
Authors: OISHI MASAYUKI , SUZUKI ATSUSHI , HAGIWARA MAKOTO , AKAGI HIROFUMI 
Published: April 2017

SUMMARYThis paper presents a new hybrid dc circuit breaker producing no conducting power loss under normal operating conditions and having the capability to interrupt a large amount of short‐circuiting current within several milliseconds. It consists of two reactors for current limiting and current control, two mechanical contactors, and a multilevel converter based on the cascade connection of multiple full‐bridge dc/dc converter cells. It is characterized by achieving current commutation from the main mechanical contactor to the multilevel converter with fast current control. This results in eliminating auxiliary power semiconductor switches that produce a nonnegligible conducting power loss under normal operating conditions. This paper discusses both principles of operation and control method of the new hybrid dc circuit breaker. Experimental verification is performed by a downscaled system rated at 300 V and 150 A, along with verification by computer simulation.
Investigation on the Thermal Stability of Li2MnSiO4‐Based Cathodes for Li‐ion Batteries: Effect of Electrolyte and State of Charge
Authors: Mancini Marilena , Fleischhammer Meike , Fleischmann Stephanie , Diemant Thomas , Behm Rolf J. , Axmann Peter , Wohlfahrt‐Mehrens Margret 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe thermal stability of cathode materials and their compatibility with liquid electrolytes are crucial for designing safe Li‐ion batteries. Recently, Li2MnSiO4 has been investigated as potential low‐cost high‐capacity cathode material. Although intrinsic safety is expected for Li2MnSiO4, a systematic investigation on the safety of this cathode material has not been reported so far. In this study, we report the thermal behavior of Li2MnSiO4‐based electrodes studied by differential scanning calorimetry coupled with thermogravimetry (DSC–TG). The results show that the use of the standard LiPF6‐based electrolyte leads to exothermic reactions with the electrochemically cycled electrodes and that only pristine cathodes before cycling show the expected thermal stability. The changes in oxidation state of Mn, Si, and C during cycling are studied by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. We demonstrate that the electrolyte system controls the thermal behavior of Li2MnSiO4 cathodes and that, unlike most common cathode materials, the discharged electrodes are less stable than those in the charged state in a fluorine‐based electrolyte.
Prognostic relevance of miR‐124‐3p and its target TP53INP1 in pediatric ependymoma
Authors: Margolin‐Miller Yulia , Yanichkin Natalia , Shichrur Keren , Toledano Helen , Ohali Anat , Tzaridis Theophilos , Michowitz Shalom , Fichman‐Horn Suzana , Feinmesser Meora , Pfister Stefan M. , Witt Hendrik , Tabori Uri , Bouffet Eric , Ramaswamy Vijay , Hawkins Cynthia , Taylor Michael D. , Yaniv Isaac , Avigad Smadar 
Published: April 2017

AbstractEpendymoma is a malignant pediatric brain tumor, often incurable under the current treatment regimen. We aimed to evaluate the expression of microRNAs (miRs) in pediatric ependymoma tumors in an attempt to identify prognostic molecular markers which would lead to potential therapeutic targets. Following miR‐array expression analysis, we focused on 9 miRs that correlated with relapse which were further validated by quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) in a cohort of 67 patients. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to measure target protein expression in 20 and 34 tumor samples, respectively. High expression of miR‐124‐3p significantly correlated with the lower progression‐free survival (PFS) of 16% compared to 67% in those expressing low levels (P = .002). Interestingly, in the group of patients with local disease (n = 56) expression levels of this miR distinguished 2 subgroups with a significantly different outcome (P = .001). miR‐124‐3p was identified as an independent prognostic factor of relapse in the multivariate analysis performed in the whole cohort and in the group with localized disease. In the localized group, a patient expressing high levels of miR‐124‐3p had a 4.1‐fold increased risk for relapse (P = .005). We demonstrated the direct binding of miR‐124‐3p to its target TP53INP1. Negative TP53INP1 protein levels correlated with a poor outcome (P = .034). We propose miR‐124‐3p and TP53INP1 as new biomarkers for prognostic stratification that may be possible therapeutic targets for ependymoma.
Landscape controls on long‐term runoff in subhumid heterogeneous Boreal Plains catchments
Authors: Devito Kevin J. , Hokanson Kelly J. , Moore Paul Adrian , Kettridge Nicholas , Anderson Axel E. , Chasmer Laura , Hopkinson Chris , Lukenbach Maxwell C. , Mendoza Carl A. , Morissette Julienne , Peters Daniel L. , Petrone Richard Michael , Silins Uldis , Smerdon Brian , Waddington James Michael 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe compared median runoff (R) and precipitation (P) relationships over 25 years from 20 mesoscale (50 to 5,000 km2) catchments on the Boreal Plains, Alberta, Canada, to understand controls on water sink and source dynamics in water‐limited, low‐relief northern environments. Long‐term catchment R and runoff efficiency (RP−1) were low and varied spatially by over an order of magnitude (3 to 119 mm/year, 1 to 27%). Intercatchment differences were not associated with small variations in climate. The partitioning of P into evapotranspiration (ET) and R instead reflected the interplay between underlying glacial deposit texture, overlying soil‐vegetation land cover, and regional slope. Correlation and principal component analyses results show that peatland‐swamp wetlands were the major source areas of water. The lowest estimates of median annual catchment ET (321 to 395 mm) and greatest R (60 to 119 mm, 13 to 27% of P) were observed in low‐relief, peatland‐swamp dominated catchments, within both fine‐textured clay‐plain and coarse‐textured glacial deposits. In contrast, open‐water wetlands and deciduous‐mixedwood forest land covers acted as water sinks, and less catchment R was observed with increases in proportional coverage of these land covers. In catchments dominated by hummocky moraines, long‐term runoff was restricted to 10 mm/year, or 2% of P. This reflects the poor surface‐drainage networks and slightly greater regional slope of the fine‐textured glacial deposit, coupled with the large soil‐water and depression storage and higher actual ET of associated shallow open‐water marsh wetland and deciduous‐forest land covers. This intercatchment study enhances current conceptual frameworks for predicting water yield in the Boreal Plains based on the sink and source functions of glacial landforms and soil‐vegetation land covers. It offers the capability within this hydro‐geoclimatic region to design reclaimed catchments with desired hydrological functionality and associated tolerances to climate or land‐use changes and inform land management decisions based on effective catchment‐scale conceptual understanding.
Berberine Alleviates Oxidative Stress in Islets of Diabetic Mice by Inhibiting miR‐106b Expression and Up‐Regulating SIRT1
Authors: Chen Dong‐Liang , Yang Ke‐Ya 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTMounting studies have indicated the role of berberine, SIRT1, and oxidative stress in diabetes, respectively. However, few studies have demonstrated their correlation and regulation function in diabetes. Therefore, the protective effect of berberine in diabetic and the underlying core mechanism were investigated in the current study. Diabetic mice model in vivo were established. Mouse pancreatic beta‐cell line NIT‐1 cells were treated with 30 mM high glucose to induce diabetic condition in vitro. Serum biochemical parameters (glucose, total cholesterol, and triglycerides) were detected. Oxidative stress indicators (MDA, SOD1), along with miR‐106b and SIRT1 expression in islets and cells were also assessed. Direct targeting relationship between miR‐106b and SIRT1 was discussed by dual luciferase reporter gene assay. Diabetic model in vivo and in vitro were both established successfully. The expression of serum biochemical parameters was increased, and oxidative stress parameters, and miR‐106b, SIRT1 were abnormally expressed in diabetic mice and NIT‐1 cells. Meanwhile, berberine could alleviate oxidative stress injury in diabetic progression. Through dual luciferase reporter gene assay, we found that SIRT1 was a target gene of miR‐106b. In addition, miR‐106b over‐expression could reverse the protection of berberine in NIT‐1 cells against from oxidative stress induced by high glucose. Berberine could attenuate oxidative stress of diabetic mice at least partly through miR‐106b/SIRT1 pathway and affecting the function of islets, which might be beneficial in reducing the cardiovascular risk factors in diabetes. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 4349–4357, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Statistical‐dynamical downscaling of precipitation for Vietnam: methodology and evaluation for the recent climate
Authors: Schubert David , van der Linden Roderick , Reyers Mark , Fink Andreas H. , Massmeyer Klaus , Pinto Joaquim G. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTPrecipitation over Southeast Asia is primarily controlled by the Southeast Asian monsoon system. This area features complex orography and morphology, and has limited surface precipitation observations. In this study, a statistical‐dynamical downscaling approach that combines weather typing and dynamical downscaling is developed to obtain a high‐resolution precipitation climatology for tropical Southeast Asia. A transient simulation with the regional climate model COSMO‐CLM (COnsortium for Small Scale MOdelling‐Climate Limited‐area Modelling Community) driven by ERA‐Interim (1979–2008) is performed for the study region. Focussing on Vietnam, six weather types (WTs) are selected for the Indochina Peninsula during the wet season (April to October) using a k‐means cluster approach on daily 850 and 200 hPa zonal wind components from ERA‐Interim reanalysis. The six WTs can be physically interpreted as different stages of the seasonal progression of the planetary‐scale monsoon circulation. For each WT, selected representatives from the COSMO‐CLM run are dynamically downscaled to a resolution of 0.0625° × 0.0625° (∼7 km). Using the present‐day WT frequencies, the simulated COSMO‐CLM representatives at 7 km are recombined to a high‐resolution rainfall climatology for the recent decades. The resulting high‐resolution precipitation climatology is generally able to capture the present‐day precipitation estimates derived from APHRODITE (Asian Precipitation – Highly Resolved Observational Data Integration Towards Evaluation of Water Resources) and station data. In spite of systematic biases our approach provides a valuable tool to obtain more robust regional climate change projections for the study area.
The role of intraseasonal variability at mid‐high latitudes in regulating Pacific blockings during boreal winter
Authors: Yang Shuangyan , Li Tim 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTBy using daily National Centers for Environmental Prediction‐Department of Energy reanalysis data from 1979 to 2015, we investigated the connection between Pacific blockings and mid‐high latitude atmospheric intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) at 500 hPa in boreal winter. The ISO perturbation over a key area of 150°E–155°W, 60°–75°N is most co‐variated with Pacific blockings. The averaged geopotential height over this key area exhibits a statistically significant 10–35‐day periodicity. The ISO perturbation associated with the Pacific blocking activity shows pronounced westward propagation. The perturbation initiates at about 120°W, triggered by intraseasonal wave energy accumulation. A geopotential tendency diagnosis reveals that the time change rate of the geopotential height over the key area is primarily attributed to the advection of planetary vorticity by the ISO meridional flow. A mechanism is put forward in which the westward‐propagating ISO perturbations induce a blocking over the Pacific sector. When a strong northward ISO flow arrives in the key area, it acts against the gradient of planetary vorticity, leading to a negative vorticity advection. This negative advection tends to strengthen local anticyclonic vorticity and geopotential height anomalies. Thus, the westward‐propagating ISO meridional flow plays an active role in inducing the low‐frequency blocking activity over the Pacific sector.