bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is received dose from ingested soil independent of soil PAH concentrations?—Animal model results
Authors: Peters Rachel E. , James Kyle , Cave Mark , Wickstrom Mark , Siciliano Steven D. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) bioavailability from ingested soils will vary between soils; however, the nature of this variation is not well characterized. A juvenile swine model was used to link external exposure to internal benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and anthracene exposure following oral PAH ingestion of 27 different impacted site soils, soots, or spiked artificial soils. Internal exposure of BaP and anthracene, represented by area under the plasma-time curve, did not relate to soil concentration in impacted site soils, but did relate in spiked artificial soil. Point of departure modeling identified soil PAH concentrations greater than 1900 mg kg−1 as the point where area under the curve becomes proportional to external dose. A BaP internal exposure below 1900 mg kg−1 had an upper 95% confidence interval estimate of 33% of external exposure. Weak relationships between soil:simulated gastrointestinal fluid PAH partitioning and area under the curve values suggest that differences in internal PAH exposure between soils may not be dominated by differences in PAH partitioning. The data seem to best support exposure assessment assuming constant internal PAH exposure below soil concentrations of 1900 mg kg−1. However, because constant internal exposure would challenge several existing paradigms, a bioavailability estimate of 33% of the external exposure is suggested as a likely workable solution. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2261–2269. © 2016 SETAC
MarsAtlas: A cortical parcellation atlas for functional mapping
Authors: Auzias Guillaume , Coulon Olivier , Brovelli Andrea 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAn open question in neuroimaging is how to develop anatomical brain atlases for the analysis of functional data. Here, we present a cortical parcellation model based on macroanatomical information and test its validity on visuomotor‐related cortical functional networks. The parcellation model is based on a recently developed cortical parameterization method (Auzias et al., [2013]: IEEE Trans Med Imaging 32:873–887), called HIP‐HOP. This method exploits a set of primary and secondary sulci to create an orthogonal coordinate system on the cortical surface. A natural parcellation scheme arises from the axes of the HIP‐HOP model running along the fundus of selected sulci. The resulting parcellation scheme, called MarsAtlas, complies with dorsoventral/rostrocaudal direction fields and allows inter‐subject matching. To test it for functional mapping, we analyzed a MEG dataset collected from human participants performing an arbitrary visuomotor mapping task. Single‐trial high‐gamma activity, HGA (60–120 Hz), was estimated using spectral analysis and beamforming techniques at cortical areas arising from a Talairach atlas (i.e., Brodmann areas) and MarsAtlas. Using both atlases, we confirmed that visuomotor associations involve an increase in HGA over the sensorimotor and fronto‐parietal network, in addition to medial prefrontal areas. However, MarsAtlas provided: (1) crucial functional information along both the dorsolateral and rostrocaudal direction; (2) an increase in statistical significance. To conclude, our results suggest that the MarsAtlas is a valid anatomical atlas for functional mapping, and represents a potential anatomical framework for integration of functional data arising from multiple techniques such as MEG, intracranial EEG and fMRI. Hum Brain Mapp 37:1573‐1592, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthetic Applications and Methodological Developments of Donor−Acceptor Cyclopropanes and Related Compounds
Authors: O'Connor Nicholas R. , Wood John L. , Stoltz Brian M. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractDonor−acceptor cyclopropanes are convenient precursors to reactive and versatile 1,3‐dipoles, and have found application in the synthesis of a variety of carbo‐ and heterocyclic scaffolds. This perspective review details our laboratory's use of donor−acceptor cyclopropanes as intermediates toward the total synthesis of various natural products. We also discuss our work in the development of novel cycloadditions and rearrangements of donor−acceptor cyclopropanes and aziridines, as well as an example of an aryne insertion proceeding via fragmentation of a transient donor−acceptor cyclobutane.
Contribution of ionic silver to genotoxic potential of nanosilver in human liver HepG2 and colon Caco2 cells evaluated by the cytokinesis‐block micronucleus assay
Authors: Sahu Saura C. , Roy Shambhu , Zheng Jiwen , Ihrie John 
Published: January 2016

AbstractExtensive human exposure to food‐ and cosmetics‐related consumer products containing nanosilver is of public concern because of the lack of information about their safety. Genotoxicity is an important endpoint for the safety and health hazard assessment of regulated products including nanomaterials. The in vitro cytokinesis‐block micronucleus (CBMN) assay is a very useful test for predictive genotoxicity testing. Recently, we have reported the genotoxicity of 20 nm nanosilver in human liver HepG2 and colon Caco2 cells evaluated using the CBMN assay. The objective of our present study was three‐fold: (i) to evaluate if HepG2 and Caco2 cells are valuable in vitro models for rapid genotoxicity screening of nanosilver; (ii) to test the hypothesis that the nanoparticle size and cell types are critical determinants of its genotoxicity; and (iii) to determine if ionic silver contributes to the nanosilver genotoxicity. With these objectives in mind, we evaluated the genotoxic potential of 50 nm nanosilver of the same shape, composition, surface charge, obtained from the same commercial source, under the same experimental conditions and the same genotoxic CBMN endpoint used for the previously tested 20 nm silver. The ionic silver (silver acetate) was also evaluated under the same conditions. Results of our study show that up to the concentrations tested in these cell types, the smaller (20 nm) nanosilver induces micronucleus formation in both the cell types but the larger (50 nm) nanosilver and the ionic silver provide a much weaker response compared with controls under the same conditions. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Bone Mineral Density and Parathyroid Hormone as Independent Risk Factors for Mortality in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study in Brazil. The São Paulo Ageing & Health (SPAH) Study
Authors: Domiciano Diogo S , Machado Luana G , Lopes Jaqueline B , Figueiredo Camille P , Caparbo Valéria F , Oliveira Ricardo M , Scazufca Márcia , McClung Michael R , Pereira Rosa MR 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT

Previous studies have shown a relationship between osteoporosis and increased mortality risk. However, none of these studies performed a concomitant evaluation of the parathyroid hormone (PTH)-calcium-vitamin D axis and bone mass to accurately determine the contribution of each of these parameters to survival in older subjects. Thus, we sought to investigate the association between bone parameters and mortality in a longitudinal, prospective, population-based cohort of 839 elderly subjects. Clinical data (including history of fractures and cardiovascular events) were assessed using a specific questionnaire. Laboratory exams, including serum 25OHD and PTH, were also performed. Bone mineral density (BMD) at the lumbar spine and hip were evaluated using DXA. All analyses were performed at baseline (2005 to 2007). Mortality was recorded during follow-up. Multivariate Cox proportional regression was used to compute hazard ratios for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Over a mean 4.06 ± 1.07 years, there were 132 (15.7%) deaths. These individuals were compared to 707 subjects who were alive at the end of the coverage period for mortality data collection. In a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model, age (HR 1.32; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.55; p = 0.001, for each 5-year increase), male gender (HR 1.90; 95% CI, 1.30 to 2.79; p = 0.001), recurrent falls (more than two in the previous year; HR 1.65; 95% CI, 1.06 to 2.56; p = 0.026), diabetes mellitus (HR 2.17; 95% CI, 1.46 to 3.21; p &lt; 0.001), low physical activity score (HR 1.78; 95% CI, 1.14 to 2.79; p = 0.011), prior cardiovascular event (HR 1.76; 95% CI, 1.18 to 2.63; p = 0.006), total hip BMD (HR 1.41; 95% CI, 1.15 to 1.72; p = 0.001, per each 1 SD decrease), and intact PTH (iPTH) (HR 1.06; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.08; p &lt; 0.001, per each 10 pg/mL increase) were independently associated with all-cause mortality. The subjects in the highest quartile of PTH (&gt;49 pg/mL) were at a higher risk of cardiovascular death (HR 3.09; 95% CI, 1.36 to 6.99; p = 0.007) compared with the subjects in the lowest quartile (&lt;26 pg/mL). Low BMD and higher PTH were significantly associated with mortality in community-dwelling older adults. These findings support the notion that careful screening of these bone parameters might lead to better management of older patients and improve outcomes in this population. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
PPARγ Represses Apolipoprotein A‐I Gene but Impedes TNFα‐Mediated ApoA‐I Downregulation in HepG2 Cells
Authors: Shavva Vladimir S. , Mogilenko Denis A. , Bogomolova Alexandra M. , Nikitin Artemy A. , Dizhe Ella B. , Efremov Alexander M. , Oleinikova Galina N. , Perevozchikov Andrej P. , Orlov Sergey V. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTApolipoprotein A‐I (ApoA‐I) is the main anti‐atherogenic component of human high‐density lipoproteins (HDL). ApoA‐I gene expression is regulated by several nuclear receptors, which are the sensors for metabolic changes during development of cardiovascular diseases. Activation of nuclear receptor PPARγ has been shown to impact lipid metabolism as well as inflammation. Here, we have shown that synthetic PPARγ agonist GW1929 decreases both ApoA‐I mRNA and protein levels in HepG2 cells and the effect of GW1929 on apoA‐I gene transcription depends on PPARγ. PPARγ binds to the sites A and C within the hepatic enhancer of apoA‐I gene and the negative regulation of apoA‐I gene transcription by PPARγ appears to be realized via the site C (−134 to −119). Ligand activation of PPARγ leads to an increase of LXRβ and a decrease of PPARα binding to the apoA‐I gene hepatic enhancer in HepG2 cells. GW1929 abolishes the TNFα‐mediated decrease of ApoA‐I mRNA expression in both HepG2 and Caco‐2 cells but does not block TNFα‐mediated inhibition of ApoA‐I protein secretion by HepG2 cells. These data demonstrate that complex of PPARγ with GW1929 is a negative regulator involved in the control of ApoA‐I expression and secretion in human hepatocyte‐ and enterocyte‐like cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2010–2022, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Modulation of the Isoprenoid/Cholesterol Biosynthetic Pathway During Neuronal Differentiation In Vitro
Authors: Cartocci Veronica , Segatto Marco , Di Tunno Ilenia , Leone Stefano , Pfrieger Frank W. , Pallottini Valentina 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTDuring differentiation, neurons acquire their typical shape and functional properties. At present, it is unclear, whether this important developmental step involves metabolic changes. Here, we studied the contribution of the mevalonate (MVA) pathway to neuronal differentiation using the mouse neuroblastoma cell line N1E‐115 as experimental model. Our results show that during differentiation, the activity of 3‐hydroxy 3‐methylglutaryl Coenzyme A reductase (HMGR), a key enzyme of MVA pathway, and the level of Low Density Lipoprotein receptor (LDLr) decrease, whereas the level of LDLr‐related protein‐1 (LRP1) and the dimerization of Scavanger Receptor B1 (SRB‐1) rise. Pharmacologic inhibition of HMGR by simvastatin accelerated neuronal differentiation by modulating geranylated proteins. Collectively, our data suggest that during neuronal differentiation, the activity of the MVA pathway decreases and we postulate that any interference with this process impacts neuronal morphology and function. Therefore, the MVA pathway appears as an attractive pharmacological target to modulate neurological and metabolic symptoms of developmental neuropathologies. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2036–2044, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Predictability of the wintertime Arctic Oscillation based on autumn circulation
Authors: Kryjov Vladimir N. , Min Young‐Mi 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTA statistical method for 1‐month lead prediction of the wintertime Arctic Oscillation (AO) is suggested in the study. Predictors, independently constructed for each forecast based on October geopotential height of the 500 hPa surface (Z500), indicate that the strongest impact of October circulation on the wintertime AO originates from a Z500 anomaly over the Taymyr Peninsula which causes an anomalous October advection of the cold (warm) air to the central Arctic and warm (cold) air to the East Asia prior to winters of the positive (negative) AO polarity. Independent verification assessments based on the series of 30 forecasts of the December–February (DJF) AO index (AOI) reveal a high skill of the developed method, with correlation coefficient between the predicted and observed DJF AOI being 0.61 and mean square skill score being 0.37.
Organic carbon in seagrass sediments is influenced by seagrass canopy complexity, turbidity, wave height, and water depth
Authors: Samper‐Villarreal Jimena , Lovelock Catherine E. , Saunders Megan I. , Roelfsema Chris , Mumby Peter J. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractSeagrass meadows are important marine carbon sinks, yet they are threatened and declining worldwide. Seagrass management and conservation requires adequate understanding of the physical and biological factors determining carbon content in seagrass sediments. Here, we identified key factors that influence carbon content in seagrass meadows across several environmental gradients in Moreton Bay, SE Queensland. Sampling was conducted in two regions: (1) Canopy Complexity, 98 sites on the Eastern Banks, where seagrass canopy structure and species composition varied while turbidity was consistently low; and (2) Turbidity Gradient, 11 locations across the entire bay, where turbidity varied among sampling locations. Sediment organic carbon content and seagrass structural complexity (shoot density, leaf area, and species specific characteristics) were measured from shallow sediment and seagrass biomass cores at each location, respectively. Environmental data were obtained from empirical measurements (water quality) and models (wave height). The key factors influencing carbon content in seagrass sediments were seagrass structural complexity, turbidity, water depth, and wave height. In the Canopy Complexity region, carbon content was higher for shallower sites and those with higher seagrass structural complexity. When turbidity varied along the Turbidity Gradient, carbon content was higher at sites with high turbidity. In both regions carbon content was consistently higher in sheltered areas with lower wave height. Seagrass canopy structure, water depth, turbidity, and hydrodynamic setting of seagrass meadows should therefore be considered in conservation and management strategies that aim to maximize sediment carbon content.
Urinary Dysfunctions Are More Severe in the Parkinsonian Phenotype of Multiple System Atrophy
Authors: Yamamoto Tatsuya , Asahina Masato , Yamanaka Yoshitaka , Uchiyama Tomoyuki , Hirano Shigeki , Sugiyama Atsuhiko , Sakakibara Ryuji , Kuwabara Satoshi 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundMSA is clinically classified into two phenotypes: parkinsonism predominant (MSA‐P) and cerebellar ataxia predominant (MSA‐C). However, little is known about the differences in urinary dysfunctions between MSA‐C and MSA‐P. We investigated the differences in urinary and cardiovascular dysfunctions between MSA‐C and MSA‐P.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with MSA diagnosed as having probable or possible MSA according to Gilman's second consensus criteria from January 2007 to September 2013 in our hospital. Data regarding the initial symptoms, onset of urinary symptoms, and results of urodynamic (including anal sphincter electromyography) and head‐up tilt tests were collected.ResultsA total of 100 patients with MSA, including 59 patients with MSA‐C and 41 with MSA‐P, were reviewed. Initial symptoms were autonomic (n = 12) and cerebellar (n = 47) in the MSA‐C phenotype and were autonomic (n = 14) and parkinsonian (n = 27) in the MSA‐P phenotypes. Urodynamic study indicated that bladder contraction was more severely impaired in patients with MSA‐P than in those with MSA‐C. In the head‐up tilt test, the decrease in diastolic blood pressure was significantly larger in the MSA‐P phenotype than that in the MSA‐C phenotype. Acontractile bladder during the pressure flow study increased likelihood that the phenotype is MSA‐P (odds ratio: 6.67; 95% confidence interval: 1.004–44.284; P = 0.050).ConclusionsUrinary dysfunctions were more severe in MSA‐P compared with MSA‐C. Detailed urodynamic study was helpful for detecting subtle differences between MSA‐C and MSA‐P.
Huntington's Disease, Huntington's Disease Look‐Alikes‎, and Benign Hereditary Chorea: What's New?
Authors: Schneider Susanne A. , Bird Thomas 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe differential diagnosis of chorea syndromes is complex. It includes inherited forms, the most common of which is autosomal dominant Huntington's disease (HD). In addition, there are disorders mimicking HD, the so‐called HD‐like (HDL) syndromes.Methods and ResultsHere we review main clinical, genetic, and pathophysiological characteristics of HD and the rare HD phenocopies in order to familiarize clinicians with them. Molecular studies have shown that HD phenocopies account for about 1% of suspected HD cases, most commonly due to mutations in C9orf72 (also the main cause of frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis syndromes), TATA box‐binding protein (spinocerebellar ataxia type 17 [SCA17]/HDL4), and JPH3 (HDL2). Systematic screening studies also revealed mutations in PRNP (prion disease), VPS13A (chorea‐acanthocytosis), ATXN8OS‐ATXN8 (SCA8), and FXN (late‐onset Friedreich's Ataxia) in single cases. Further differential diagnoses to consider in patients presenting with a clinical diagnosis consistent with HD, but without the HD expansion, include dentatorubral‐pallidoluysian atrophy and benign hereditary chorea (TITF1), as well as the recently described form of ADCY5‐associated neurodegeneration. Lastly, biallelic mutations in RNF216 and FRRS1L have recently been reported as autosomal recessive phenocopies of HD.ConclusionThere is a growing list of genes associated with chorea, yet a substantial percentage of patients remain undiagnosed. It is likely that more genes will be discovered in the future and that the clinical spectrum of the described disorders will broaden.
Autophagy and Alpha‐Synuclein: Relevance to Parkinson's Disease and Related Synucleopathies
Authors: Xilouri Maria , Brekk Oeystein Roed , Stefanis Leonidas 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTEvidence from human postmortem material, transgenic mice, and cellular/animal models of PD link alpha‐synuclein accumulation to alterations in the autophagy lysosomal pathway. Conversely, alpha‐synuclein mutations related to PD pathogenesis, as well as post‐translational modifications of the wild‐type protein, result in the generation of aberrant species that may impair further the function of the autophagy lysosomal pathway, thus generating a vicious cycle leading to neuronal death. Moreover, PD‐linked mutations in lysosomal‐related genes, such as glucocerebrosidase, have been also shown to contribute to alpha‐synuclein accumulation and related toxicity, indicating that lysosomal dysfunction may, in part, account for the neurodegeneration observed in synucleinopathies. In the current review, we summarize findings related to the inter‐relationship between alpha‐synuclein and lysosomal proteolytic pathways, focusing especially on recent experimental strategies based on the manipulation of the autophagy lysosomal pathway to counteract alpha‐synuclein‐mediated neurotoxicity in vivo. Pinpointing the factors that regulate alpha‐synuclein association to the lysosome may represent potential targets for therapeutic interventions in PD and related synucleinopathies. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Design of dual‐band circular polarization for the monopole antenna by utilizing triple‐strip topology
Authors: Wang Chien‐Jen , Shih Meng‐Hong 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTThe design and performance of a dual‐band circularly polarized monopole antenna for multisystem integration are shown in this paper. A triple‐strip monopole structure, which is fed at the microstrip line, is designed and fabricated to excite several resonances. After optimization of the geometrical parameters of the antenna, the resonances are merged, and thus a wide impedance bandwidth is obtained. The measured impedance bandwidth of a S11 < −10 dB ranges from 1.43 to 3.29 GHz, and covers most of commercial wireless communication systems. A right‐hand circularly polarized wave at 1.57 GHz for the global positioning system is not only excited, but a left‐hand circularly polarized wave at 2.33 GHz for satellite digital audio radio service system is also generated. The 3‐dB axial ratio bandwidths are about 70 MHz at the lower band (1.57 GHz) and 60 MHz at the upper band (2.33 GHz). Both of simulated and measured results are shown to validate the impedance and CP characteristics of the proposed monopole antenna. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:514–521, 2016
Dual‐band BPF design using ASIR structures with a dumbbell‐shaped notch
Authors: Wang Wensong , Yang Chenchen , Cao Qunsheng , Chen Yinchao 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTPresented is a miniaturized microstrip dual‐band bandpass filter (BPF). An asymmetric stepped impedance resonator (ASIR) is employed with a dumbbell‐shaped notch. Compared with the conventional stepped impedance resonator (CSIR) and the multiple‐mode resonator (MMR), the ASIR utilizes the first two modes to produce a wider lower passband, while the third mode produces an upper passband. The input and output ports of the ASIR are connected with interdigital capacitive‐coupled lines. The measured data of the fabricated filter demonstrates a very good agreement to those simulated with a steep upper‐stopband suppression. The filter simultaneously operates at 13.88 and 24.75 GHz, respectively, with the corresponding fractional bandwidths of 29.4% and 7.1%. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:532–535, 2016
Compact UWB antenna with sharp tunable band‐notched characteristics
Authors: Li Tong , Zhu Cheng , Cao Xiangyu , Gao Jun 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTThis letter proposes a compact ultra‐wideband antenna with sharp tunable band‐notched function. The antenna utilizes a pair of varactor‐loaded interdigital capacitance loading loop resonators (IDCLLRs) to realize tunable band‐notched characteristics. Compared to many other resonant structures, IDCLLR has a larger effective capacitance, leading to a narrower notch width with a more compact size, thus preventing the waste of useful spectrum. The varactors are independently controlled to achieve single or dual notched bands, and the notch frequencies can be electronically tuned by varying the bias voltages across the varactors. Measured results are in good agreement with the simulations, which demonstrates that the proposed antenna can easily adapt to the changeable environment. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:529–532, 2016