bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental Implications of Consumer Convenience: Coffee as a Case Study
Authors: Hicks Andrea L. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryProducts of convenience are playing an increasingly large role in today's society. These products provide a competitive advantage over their conventional counterparts by requiring less time and effort to produce a similar service or experience. At the same time, these products are often also more materials intensive to produce and create a greater amount of waste. A comparative midpoint life cycle assessment of different coffee brewing systems is presented in order to explore the comparative impact of three different systems: drip filter, french press, and pod style (a product of convenience). Utilizing a comparative functional unit, the drip filter system method was found to have the greatest environmental impact in all impact categories, whereas the pod style had the least in six of the impact categories (with the french press having the least in two of the impact categories, and a tie between pod style and french press in a single impact category). This suggests that contrary to popular belief, the pod style coffee may be the more environmentally friendly option. The two most significant contributors to environmental impact in all of the categories considered was the amount of dry coffee utilized and the energy needed to brew the coffee, although in some categories considered transportation was also significant. There is the potential for the environmental impact of coffee brewing to shift if coffee wastage occurs (likely in the case of the drip filter and french press system) or if substantial changes in materials or energy consumption were to occur (in the case of the pod‐style brewing system). From the perspective of industrial ecology, this analysis suggests that, in regard to products of consumer convenience, the convenient alternative may not have a significantly greater environmental impact than its conventional counterpart, and that it may be time to question that often‐held assumption.
Usual Care for Rural Veterans With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Grubbs Kathleen M. , Fortney John C. , Kimbrell Tim , Pyne Jeffrey M. , Hudson Teresa , Robinson Dean , Moore William Mark , Custer Paul , Schneider Ronald , Schnurr Paula P. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractPurposeCommunity‐Based Outpatient Clinics (CBOCs) provide primary‐care‐based mental health services to rural veterans who live long distances from Veterans Affairs (VA) hospitals. Characterizing the composition of usual care will highlight the need and potential strategies to improve access to and engagement in evidence‐based psychotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).MethodVeterans (N = 132) with PTSD recruited from 5 large‐ (5,000‐10,000 patients) and 6 medium‐sized (1,500‐4,999) CBOCs were enrolled in the usual care arm of a randomized control trial for a PTSD collaborative care study. Chart review procedures classified all mental health encounters during the 1‐year study period into 10 mutually exclusive categories (7 psychotherapy and 3 medication management).FindingsSeventy‐two percent of participants received at least 1 medication management encounter with 30% of encounters being delivered via interactive video. More than half of veterans (58.3%) received at least 1 session of psychotherapy. Only 12.1% received a session of therapy classified as an evidence‐based psychotherapy for PTSD. The vast majority of psychotherapy encounters were delivered in group format and only a small proportion were delivered via interactive video.ConclusionsFindings suggest that veterans diagnosed with PTSD who receive their mental health treatment in large and medium CBOCs are likely to receive medication management, and very few veterans received evidence‐based psychotherapy. There may be ways to increase access to evidence‐based psychotherapy by expanding the use of interactive video to connect specialty mental health providers with patients, hosted either in CBOCs or in home‐based care, and to offer more group‐based therapies.
A northern Neolithic? Clay work, cultivation and cultural transformations in the boreal zone of north‐eastern Europe, c.5300–3000 bc
Authors: Herva Vesa‐Pekka , Mökkönen Teemu , Nordqvist Kerkko 
Published: January 2017

SummaryThe adoption of pottery in eastern Fennoscandia in the later sixth millennium BC has traditionally been understood in straightforward technological and practical terms, and as a development that did not mark other significant changes in local culture or ways of life. Recent research in the region, combined with new ideas about Neolithization in Eurasia more generally, nonetheless suggests that the adoption of pottery was associated with more fundamental cultural and environmental transformations than has previously been thought. This article brings together diverse old and new data from north‐eastern Europe and discusses the character and dynamics of cultural and human‐induced environmental change following the adoption of pottery. The aim is to provide a scenario of long‐term cultural changes and, in particular, to consider the significance and broader implications of the very practices of clay use and cultivation, as well as their links to wider cultural and environmental phenomena.
Does Bt rice pose risks to non‐target arthropods? Results of a meta‐analysis in China
Authors: Dang Cong , Lu Zengbin , Wang Long , Chang Xuefei , Wang Fang , Yao Hongwei , Peng Yufa , Stanley David , Ye Gongyin 
Published: January 2017

SummaryTransgenic Bt rice expressing the insecticidal proteins derived from Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) has been developed since 1989. Their ecological risks towards non‐target organisms have been investigated; however, these studies were conducted individually, yielding uncertainty regarding potential agroecological risks associated with large‐scale deployment of Bt rice lines. Here, we developed a meta‐analysis of the existing literature to synthesize current knowledge of the impacts of Bt rice on functional arthropod guilds, including herbivores, predators, parasitoids and detritivores in laboratory and field studies. Laboratory results indicate Bt rice did not influence survival rate and developmental duration of herbivores, although exposure to Bt rice led to reduced egg laying, which correctly predicted their reduced abundance in Bt rice agroecosystems. Similarly, consuming prey exposed to Bt protein did not influence survival, development or fecundity of predators, indicating constant abundances of predators in Bt rice fields. Compared to control agroecosystems, parasitoid populations decreased slightly in Bt rice cropping systems, while detritivores increased. We draw two inferences. One, laboratory studies of Bt rice showing effects on ecological functional groups are mainly either consistent with or more conservative than results of field studies, and two, Bt rice will pose negligible risks to the non‐target functional guilds in future large‐scale Bt rice agroecosystems in China.
Appropriate Testing of Isothiazolinones in Children
Authors: Goldenberg Alina , Lipp Michael , Jacob Sharon E. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackground/ObjectiveThe isothiazolinones methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI) and methylisothiazolinone (MI) are prevalent pediatric contact sensitizers. MI allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is underreported in the literature. The objective of the current study was to use a database of provider‐reported U.S. pediatric patch test cases to evaluate the positive patch test (PPT) prevalence rates of the combined preservative test substrate MCI/MI and of MI alone.MethodsU.S. pediatric patch test providers in all 50 states who had joined the registry were invited to submit deidentified cases to the database. More than 1100 logged cases in the database were evaluated for PPTs to MCI/MI combination, MCI/MI and MI, and MI alone.ResultsWithin 1 year of data collection, 96 cases with a PPT for MCI/MI, MCI/MI and MI, and MI alone were identified; 37 of these were positive to MCI/MI, with MI alone not tested or negative, and 39 were positive to MI only, with MCI/MI and MI tested. Fifteen (41%) of the MCI/MI cases were detected using an epicutaneous patch test alone and 22 cases (59%) using comprehensive patch testing. Only one case (3%) of MI alone sensitization was detected using T.R.U.E. plus a supplemental panel of tests; the remaining 38 cases (97%) were detected using comprehensive testing. Testing with only the combined MCI/MI preservative substrate may miss 51% of MI allergies.ConclusionAppropriate testing of isothiazolinones is needed to clarify the true prevalence of sensitization to these allergens and the burden of pediatric ACD. Patch testing for MI alone in addition to MCI/MI combination is warranted in children with recalcitrant dermatitis.
Varied Presentations of Pediatric Lipoblastoma: Case Series and Review of the Literature
Authors: Shen Lisa Y. , Amin Sapna M. , Chamlin Sarah L. , Mancini Anthony J. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractLipoblastoma is a rare neoplasm of embryonal adipose tissue most often encountered on the trunk and extremities of children. It commonly presents as a painless subcutaneous soft tissue mass, but there are other unique clinical presentations that are important to recognize. The differential is broad and includes sarcoma, vascular tumor, myofibroma, and other fibromatoses. We present three varied, distinct cases of pediatric lipoblastoma and review the literature on this condition.
Metabolism of prostaglandin F2alpha in Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) and Asian leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis euptilura)
Authors: Dehnhard M , Naidenko SV , Jewgenow K 
Published: January 2017

ContentsMethods for monitoring endocrine status are useful tools for reproduction management. In particular, successful captive breeding of endangered feline species requires reliable methods for pregnancy diagnosis. In many species, uterine and placental prostaglandin‐F2α (PGF2α) is involved in the regulation of reproductive processes. PGF2α is metabolized to 13,14‐dihydro‐15‐keto‐PGF2a (PGFM) during the first passage through the lungs. Immunoreactive PGFM is elevated in pregnant felids during the last trimester and is used for pregnancy diagnosis, although authentic PGFM is excreted in negligible amounts. To investigate the metabolism of PGF2α, a radiometabolism study was performed in two individuals of two feline species, Eurasian lynx and leopard cats, by injection of tritiated PGF2α and collection of faecal and urinary samples. All samples were extracted and subjected to HPLC separation. Radioactivity and immunoreactivity towards PGFM were determined in each HPLC fraction. The radio‐ and immunogramms differ slightly between the two species, and radiolabelled PGFM was present only in minor amounts. One major eicosanoid metabolite was found in all urine and faecal samples analysed, and also in previous studies in faecal samples of several pregnant feline species. Its polarity was similar, but not identical to PGF2α. We hypothesized that PGF2α is metabolized to more polar dinor and tetranor metabolites. First mass spectrometric analyses favoured a dinor metabolite as major compound of PGF2α metabolism in felids. Following identification and validation in the studied species, we aim to use these metabolites to improve pregnancy detection in other felids and probably other carnivores.
What can we do with 1000 plastid genomes?
Authors: Tonti‐Filippini Julian , Nevill Paul G. , Dixon Kingsley , Small Ian 
Published: January 2017

SummaryThe plastid genome of plants is the smallest and most gene‐rich of the three genomes in each cell and the one generally present in the highest copy number. As a result, obtaining plastid DNA sequence is a particularly cost‐effective way of discovering genetic information about a plant. Until recently, the sequence information gathered in this way was generally limited to small portions of the genome amplified by polymerase chain reaction, but recent advances in sequencing technology have stimulated a substantial rate of increase in the sequencing of complete plastid genomes. Within the last year, the number of complete plastid genomes accessible in public sequence repositories has exceeded 1000. This sudden flood of data raises numerous challenges in data analysis and interpretation, but also offers the keys to potential insights across large swathes of plant biology. We examine what has been learnt so far, what more could be learnt if we look at the data in the right way, and what we might gain from the tens of thousands more genome sequences that will surely arrive in the next few years. The most exciting new discoveries are likely to be made at the interdisciplinary interfaces between molecular biology and ecology.
Atención médica y diferencia cultural. Acceso a atención médica de mujeres musulmanas en Bogotá
Authors: Arboleda-Sarmiento Juan Camilo , Suárez-Montañez Roberto 
Published: January 2017

<p>Desde 1991 Colombia se define constitucionalmente como un país multicultural. Sin embargo, la aplicación de esta definición es aún incierta. Sobre esta base, el texto explora la relación entre diversidad cultural y acceso a servicios de salud, a partir del caso de las mujeres musulmanas en la ciudad de Bogotá, Colombia. Se plantea cómo los estilos de vida, el género y los sistemas de creencias afectan las trayectorias de cuidado y el encuentro terapéutico de personas definidas como musulmanes en los servicios de atención médica. Se desarrolló un trabajo de corte cualitativo, donde se articulan la salud pública y la antropología médica. Se encontró que el acceso a la atención médica de las mujeres musulmanas está mediado por interacciones sociales que facilitan los desencuentros médicos. De allí que la promoción de la salud y la prevención de la enfermedad requieran la comprensión e integración de la cultura como categoría mediadora en la salud pública.</p><p> </p>
Influence of magnesium-substituted Ni–Zn ferrites on magnetic and electric losses at lower frequency
Authors: Chaitanya Varma M. , Bharadwaj S. , Choudary G. S. V. R. K. , Murthy K. S. R. , Rao K. H. 
Published: January 2017

Ni[Formula: see text]Zn[Formula: see text]Mg[Formula: see text]Fe2O4 ([Formula: see text]) with lower compositions of magnesium were synthesized by the sol–gel method and sintered at 1080[Formula: see text]C for 4 h. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns suggest the single phase nature of the spinel-type ferrite and increase in lattice parameter for increasing magnesium content. Surface morphology reveals that grain size increases with increasing magnesium concentration. Magnesium substitution in Ni–Zn ferrites showed influence on the interatomic distance for tetrahedral A sites and octahedral B sites calculated using the standard formula. Conductivity along with dielectric measurements gives additional information on the transport mechanism for magnesium substitution in Ni–Zn ferrites calculated at lower frequencies. Both magnetic loss and dielectric loss were investigated at lower frequency to understand the losses associated with domain wall contribution for magnesium-substituted Ni–Zn ferrites.
A New Method for Generating Stochastic Simulations of Daily Air Temperature for Use in Weather Generators
Authors: Smith Kimberly , Strong Courtenay , Rassoul-Agha Firas 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA stochastic harmonic autoregressive parametric (SHArP) weather generator is presented that simulates trended, nonstationary temperature values directly, circumventing the conventional approach of adding simulated standardized anomalies of temperature to a prescribed cyclostationary mean. The model mean makes autocorrelated transitions between wet- and dry-state values, and its parameters are determined by optimizing harmonic and trend terms. The precipitation-responsive autocorrelated transitions yield more realistic temperature behavior during frontal passage in comparison with prior models that switch abruptly between wet- and dry-state means. If the stochastic (noise) term is assumed to have constant amplitude, analytical results are available via maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) and are equivalent to least squares estimation (LSE). Where observations motivate a seasonally varying noise coefficient, MLE becomes nonlinear, and an analytical solution is formulated via LSE. For illustration, SHArP is shown to produce realistic representations of daily maximum air temperature at a single site, which for the study is the Salt Lake City International Airport (KSLC). SHArP reduces the temperature bias following frontal passages by over 2°C in three seasons. A method for generalizing the model to multiple variables at multiple sites is discussed.
Tropical Precipitation and Cross-Equatorial Ocean Heat Transport during the Mid-Holocene
Authors: Liu Xiaojuan , Battisti David S. , Donohoe Aaron 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Summertime insolation intensified in the Northern Hemisphere during the mid-Holocene, resulting in enhanced monsoonal precipitation. In this study, the authors examine the changes in the annual-mean tropical precipitation as well as changes in atmospheric circulation and upper-ocean circulation in the mid-Holocene compared to the preindustrial climate, as simulated by 12 coupled climate models from PMIP3. In addition to the predominant zonally asymmetric changes in tropical precipitation, there is a small northward shift in the location of intense zonal-mean precipitation (mean ITCZ) in the mid-Holocene in the majority (9 out of 12) of the coupled climate models. In contrast, the shift is southward in simulations using an atmospheric model coupled to a slab ocean. The northward mean ITCZ shift in the coupled simulations is due to enhanced northward ocean heat transport across the equator [OHT(EQ)], which demands a compensating southward atmospheric energy transport across the equator, accomplished by shifting the Hadley cell and hence the mean ITCZ northward. The increased northward OHT(EQ) is primarily accomplished by changes in the upper-ocean gyre circulation in the tropical Pacific acting on the zonally asymmetric climatological temperature distribution. The gyre intensification results from the intensification of the monsoonal winds in the Northern Hemisphere and the weakening of the winds in the Southern Hemisphere, both of which are forced directly by the insolation changes.
Low-Mode Internal Tide Propagation in a Turbulent Eddy Field
Authors: Dunphy Michael , Ponte Aurélien L. , Klein Patrice , Le Gentil Sylvie 
Published: January 2017

AbstractUnderstanding and predicting how internal tides distort and lose coherence as they propagate through the ocean has been identified as a key issue for interpreting data from the upcoming wide-swath altimeter mission Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT). This study addresses the issue through the analysis of numerical experiments where a low-mode internal tide propagates through a quasigeostrophic turbulent jet. Equations of motion linearized around the slower turbulent field are projected onto vertical modes and assumed to describe the dynamics of the low-mode internal tide propagation. Diagnostics of the terms responsible for the interaction between the wave and the slow circulation are computed from the numerical outputs. The large-scale change of stratification, on top of eddies and jet meanders, contributes significantly to these interaction terms, which is shown to be consistent with an independent scaling analysis. The sensitivity of interaction terms to a degradation of the slow field spatial and temporal resolution indicates that present-day observing systems (Argo network, altimetry) may lack the spatial resolution necessary to correctly predict internal tide evolution. The upcoming SWOT satellite mission may improve upon this situation. The number of vertical modes required to properly estimate interaction terms is discussed. These results advocate development of a simplified model based on solving a modest number of the linearized equations subject to a prescribed mesoscale field and internal tide sources.
Progress Past and Present
Authors: Lowenthal David 
Published: January 2017

With this issue we inaugurate a new feature: reprints of famous or forgotten prescriptive statements by past geographers, together with commentaries on how far their aims have been realized. Geographers have repeatedly asserted that theirs was an age, if not the age, of ‘progress’. Modern devotees of progress may find it salutary, if not chastening, to examine past expectations in the light of subsequent achievements. The first Past and present feature is Sir Francis Younghusband's (1920) presidential address to the Royal Geographical Society, on ‘Natural beauty and geographical science’, to which David Lowenthal appends a retrospective commentary.
The Influence of Weight Status Duration on Weight Perception Accuracy
Authors: Coleman Lois , Loprinzi Paul D. 
Published: January 2017

Purpose: To examine the association between weight status duration and weight perception accuracy. Design: Retrospective study. Setting: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003 to 2006. Sample: A total of 4029 adults aged 20 years or older. Measures: To assess weight status duration, participants’ past (10 years ago) and present body mass indexes were used to create 4 groups: normal weight in the past and present (group 1), normal weight in the past but overweight/obese in the present (group 2), overweight/obese in the present but not in the past (group 3), and overweight/obese in the past and present (group 4). We classified individuals as having an accurate/inaccurate weight perception based on present body mass index and whether they considered themselves as overweight, underweight, or about the right weight. Analysis: Logistic regression. Results: Our findings suggest that participants who were overweight/obese in the past, present, or during both time periods had increased odds of possessing an inaccurate weight perception. Furthermore, being normal weight in the past but obese in the present increased the odds of having an inaccurate weight perception nearly 10-fold and almost 5-fold for those obese in both the past and present. Conclusion: Studies such as this can aid clinicians in identifying individuals who may have increased odds of inaccurately identifying their weight status, thereby providing additional opportunities to facilitate weight loss.
The NOTCH1-MYC highway toward T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Sanchez-Martin Marta , Ferrando Adolfo 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a highly proliferative hematologic malignancy that results from the transformation of immature T-cell progenitors. Aberrant cell growth and proliferation in T-ALL lymphoblasts are sustained by activation of strong oncogenic drivers promoting cell anabolism and cell cycle progression. Oncogenic NOTCH signaling, which is activated in more than 65% of T-ALL patients by activating mutations in the NOTCH1 gene, has emerged as a major regulator of leukemia cell growth and metabolism. T-ALL NOTCH1 mutations result in ligand-independent and sustained NOTCH1-receptor signaling, which translates into activation of a broad transcriptional program dominated by upregulation of genes involved in anabolic pathways. Among these, the MYC oncogene plays a major role in NOTCH1-induced transformation. As result, the oncogenic activity of NOTCH1 in T-ALL is strictly dependent on MYC upregulation, which makes the NOTCH1-MYC regulatory circuit an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of T-ALL.