bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human and rodent aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR): from mediator of dioxin toxicity to physiologic AHR functions and therapeutic options
Authors: Bock Karl Walter 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Metabolism of aryl hydrocarbons and toxicity of dioxins led to the discovery of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). Tremendous advances have been made on multiplicity of AHR signaling and identification of endogenous ligands including the tryptophan metabolites FICZ and kynurenine. However, human AHR functions are still poorly understood due to marked species differences as well as cell-type- and cell context-dependent AHR functions. Observations in dioxin-poisoned individuals may provide hints to physiologic AHR functions in humans. Based on these observations three human AHR functions are discussed: (1) Chemical defence and homeostasis of endobiotics. The AHR variant Val381 in modern humans leads to reduced AHR affinity to aryl hydrocarbons in comparison with Neanderthals and primates expressing the Ala381 variant while affinity to indoles remains unimpaired. (2) Homeostasis of stem/progenitor cells. Dioxins dysregulate homeostasis in sebocyte stem cells. (3) Modulation of immunity. In addition to microbial defence, AHR may be involved in a ‘disease tolerance defence pathway’. Further characterization of physiologic AHR functions may lead to therapeutic options.
Studies in Armenian historical phonology (II)
Authors: Kim Ronald 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
It is argued that PIE mid vowels were raised in absolute Auslaut prior to the general apocope in prehistoric Armenian. This sound change accounts for the shape of the aorist middle 3sg. ending -aw (< *-aðu < *-ato ← PIE *-to), as well as the lack of palatalization in hing ‘five’ (< *hengu < *hengʷi < PIE *pénkʷe) and indefinite o-kʿ ‘anyone’, i-kʿ ‘anything’ (< PIE *-kʷe). The evidence of ‘five’ suggests that this was an early change, preceding the peculiar Armenian development of PIE *-nKʷ- > *-wḰ-.
Zu lykisch ϑϑẽ und seiner etymologischen Interpretation
Authors: Schürr Diether 
Published: November 2016

Zusammenfassung
Of the putative attestations of PIE *dʰeh1s- in the Anatolian languages not a single example is persuasive: Lycian ϑϑẽ has the meaning ‘altar’ only when it adjoins kumezijẽ; its basic meaning should be ‘construction’. The tahñtãi associated with ϑϑẽ signifies ‘buildings’, according to the Greek translation, and reappears probably in Lycian B tasñtuwadi. Lydian taśẽν is an obsolete reading for taiẽν, designating a column. Hieroglyphic Luwian tà-sá-za is most probably not a complete word, but a phonetic complement to *256 and of unclear meaning, Hieroglyphic Luwian tasa- is something like ‘stone’, without a cultic context, and Hieroglyphic Luwian tà-na has vanished altogether, having been reanalysed as enclitic -tà plus POST. For Cuneiform Luwian tānid-, Hieroglyphic Luwian tanišaand Luw.-Hitt. taninu- it is certainly not necessary to postulate a derivation from *dʰ(e)h1s-no-. Palaic tašūra is some sort of recipient for offerings and therefore comparable to an altar, but with no obvious semantic connection to Luwian tasaor Lycian ϑϑẽ.
Zu einigen Perfektbildungen im Sabellischen
Authors: Dupraz Emmanuel 
Published: November 2016

Zusammenfassung
The paper deals with several perfect formations in Sabellian languages. A key feature of the Sabellian perfect was the use of secondary endings, as opposed to the primary endings of the present. Many formations, especially in Oscan, did not contain a specific suffix, but were characterised as perfects through the gemination of the final stem consonant and the proper secondary ending. Other perfects, mainly in Umbrian, involved the present suffix *ye/o- and were marked as perfects only through the use of the secondary endings.
Pronominierte Nominalformen im Altlitauischen
Authors: Hock Wolfgang 
Published: November 2016

Zusammenfassung
In Old Lithuanian texts (16-17 century), there are more than a hundred definite forms of adjectives and participles with unshortened pronominal ending -jie in the masculine nominative plural, e. g. baiſuſghie ‘the dreadful (errors)’ or mirßtąghie ‘the dying’ instead of modern Lithuanian forms like gerieji ‘the good’. Stang (1966: 237) supposed a complementary distribution - “-ji stands after -ie-, -jie in the other cases” - and explained the shortening as dissimilation process. However, dissimilation provides a solution only for -ie-ji, whereas in Stang’s framework -jíe with acute intonation should generally have been shortened in polysyllabic forms. It can be shown that the complementary distribution stated by Stang holds true for Old Lithuanian in general. Dissimilation seems to be the best explanation for *-ie-jie > -ie-ji, but it remains uncertain if this process affected other paradigmatic forms as well. It is proposed that definite forms became grammaticalized after monosyllabic forms with íe and úo underwent circumflexion. Only after subsequent univerbation, dissimilation or Leskien’s Law took place.
Using distributional semantics to study syntactic productivity in diachrony: A case study
Authors: Perek Florent 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis paper investigates syntactic productivity in diachrony with a data-driven approach. Previous research indicates that syntactic productivity (the property of grammatical constructions to attract new lexical fillers) is largely driven by semantics, which calls for an operationalization of lexical meaning in the context of empirical studies. It is suggested that distributional semantics can fulfill this role by providing a measure of semantic similarity between words that is derived from lexical co-occurrences in large text corpora. On the basis of a case study of the construction “V
Uniqueness and grammatical relations in Upper Necaxa Totonac
Authors: Beck David 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe Principle of the Uniqueness of Grammatical Relations, which requires that all grammatical relations be distinguishable on morphological and/or syntactic grounds and non-repeatable in a clause, is often assumed to be a universal requirement of language and is a central tenet, explicit or implicit, of many theories of grammar. Upper Necaxa Totonac offers an apparent exception to this principle in that it has clauses with multiple objects that seem grammatically identical, yet do not appear to be adjuncts as they control agreement and are active in processes such as reciprocalization. Extensive testing of the properties of Upper Necaxa objects shows that, while a primary object can be distinguished on the basis of a single diagnostic, any remaining objects are indistinguishable and so must be treated as being governed by the same grammatical relation which is, therefore, non-unique. This data requires a reconsideration of the Uniqueness Principle as an absolute universal, and as an axiom or a necessary tenet of theories of human language.
The development of iterative verbal periphrases in Romance
Authors: Rosemeyer Malte 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
This paper compares the diachronic development of tornar(e)+a+infinitive (henceforth abbreviated RETURN+INF) constructions in Spanish, Catalan, and Italian, a topic that especially for Catalan and Italian has not received much attention. I develop and explore the hypothesis that due to their lexical origin, iterative constructions develop from a restitutive to a repetitive function. A diachronic analysis of a corpus of RETURN+INF tokens from the three languages suggests that the grammaticalization of RETURN+INF constructions can be measured in terms of (a) actionality and (b) restructuring as mirrored in the possibility of clitic climbing. A statistical analysis using generalized linear mixed-effects regression modeling demonstrates an interplay between restructuring and the actionality of the predicates in the development of RETURN+INF constructions: the grammaticalization process affects state, achievement, and accomplishment predicates before activity predicates because activity predicates exclude a restitutive meaning. The paper thus identifies a grammaticalization path for RETURN+INF constructions common to three Romance languages that suggests a link between typological and diachronic observations. At the same time, it identifies differences in the diachronic development of these periphrases between the Ibero-Romance languages and Italian. In addition, it proposes a statistical means of assessing quantitative differences in the degree to which a verbal periphrasis is grammaticalized across related languages.
Interfaces between linguistic systems: Evidence from Child Language
Authors: Lustigman Lyle 
Published: November 2016

AbstractInterfaces between grammatical domains have been considered from various perspectives in child language research and in general linguistics. The study aims to provide evidence for interfaces in acquisition of early clause-structure, based on longitudinal data from three Hebrew-acquiring toddlers. Two facets of their early speech output were examined: Usage productivity in verb-inflection, identified by a criterion of contextual appropriateness; and structural transparency/opacity of children’s speech output, with transparent forms being unambiguous in relation to their grammatical targets. These factors yielded two distinct developmental periods for the three children: I – from the onset of verb usage to productive verb inflection, and II – from productive verb inflection to disappearance of structural opacity. Period II displays a puzzling mixture of both transparent and opaque usages, not only in verb inflection, but also in use of prepositions marking objects and adverbs. These puzzles are resolved by the significant correlations that emerged between apparently unrelated linguistic systems: (1) opaque verb-forms occur mainly together with object/adverbs, and (2) transparent prepositions occur mainly in combination with transparent verbs. These unexpected convergences between different linguistic systems are discussed as underlining the role of structural transparency/opacity and as shedding new light on between-domain interfaces in language acquisition.
On CSQ-normal subgroups of finite groups
Authors: Xu Yong , Li Xianhua 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
We introduce a new subgroup embedding property of finite groups called CSQ-normality of subgroups. Using this subgroup property, we determine the structure of finite groups with some CSQ-normal subgroups of Sylow subgroups. As an application of our results, some recent results are generalized.
Co-assembly of chitosan and phospholipids into hybrid hydrogels
Authors: Mendes Ana C. , Shekarforoush Elhamalsadat , Engwer Christoph , Beeren Sophie R. , Gorzelanny Christian , Goycoolea Francisco M. , Chronakis Ioannis S. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Novel hybrid hydrogels were formed by adding chitosan (Ch) to phospholipids (P) self-assembled particles in lactic acid. The effect of the phospholipid concentration on the hydrogel properties was investigated and was observed to affect the rate of hydrogel formation and viscoelastic properties. A lower concentration of phospholipids (0.5% wt/v) in the mixture, facilitates faster network formation as observed by Dynamic Light Scattering, with lower elastic modulus than the hydrogels formed with higher phospholipid content. The nano-porous structure of Ch/P hydrogels, with a diameter of 260±20 nm, as observed by cryo-scanning electron microscopy, facilitated the penetration of water and swelling. Cell studies revealed suitable biocompatibility of the Ch/P hydrogels that can be used within life sciences applications.
Novel approaches for the in situ study of the sintering of nuclear oxide fuel materials and their surrogates
Authors: Clavier Nicolas , Bouala Galy Ingrid Nkou , Léchelle Jacques , Martinez Julien , Dacheux Nicolas , Podor Renaud 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Sintering is one of the key-points of the processing of ceramic materials. It is then of primary interest for the nuclear fuel cycle, in which it constitutes an important step in the fabrication of either UO2 or (U,Pu)O2 pellets used in current PWR reactors. The sintering of actinides oxides not only drives the final density and microstructure of the fuels, but also several characteristics that can impact significantly their behavior in the reactor. Dedicated tools are then needed to monitor the microstructure of such materials and forecast their evolution. In this frame, this paper presents the new potentialities offered by the use of environmental scanning electron microscope at high temperature (HT-ESEM) for the study of nuclear ceramics sintering. First, the results obtained from bulk pellets are detailed, either regarding original fundamental data at the grain level (such as grain boundaries and pores motion), or design of dedicated microstructures through the assessment of grain growth kinetics. Acquisition of sintering maps thanks to the combination of HT-ESEM observations and classical dilatometric measurements are also addressed. In a second part, observations undertaken at the 2-grain scale to monitor the first stage of sintering, dedicated to neck elaboration, are presented, and compared to the results currently provided by numerical models.
Züge sui generis der rumänischen Komposita des Typs frz. „coupe-papier“
Authors: Munteanu Cristinel , Windisch Rudolf 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The Romanian linguist Th. Hristea suggested the term phraseological derivation for those situations inwhich a noun set phrase is obtained froma verbal set phrase. For instance, from a pescui in ape tulburi “to benefit from a confusing situation” pescuitor in ape tulburi has been formed. The possibility of creating noun phraseologisms from the verbal ones is in accordance with the system of the Romanian language. In this article we have tried to prove that some verbal set phrases, while substantivized, thanks to their semantic content, slipped into a general compounding/derivation procedure specific to the Romance languages, also encountered in examples such as the Fr. coupe-papier, It. taglia-carte, Rom. pierde-vară, etc. The fact that this type of compounds is used in Romanian almost exclusively in order to pejoratively designate persons has contributed to drawing some set phrases to this procedure.
Die ‚andere Renaissance‘. Michelangelos Rime und der Antiklassizismus
Authors: Friede Susanne 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Based on the assumption of a strong diversity inherent in Renaissance culture, the article focuses on Michelangelo’s Rime within the framework of both petrarchist and anti-classicist discourses. In particular, the article examines three possible criteria in order to demonstrate the specific anti-classicism of the Rime: first, the specific autobiographical stylisation, second, the relation between text, writing and drawings of some autographs, and third the importance of fragment, ,non-finito‘ and short forms. Referring to Cod. Vat. lat. 311, 88v, the article draws attention to intermedial interactions of text, writing and drawings as well as to ambiguity, self-referentiality and processuality of artistic creation in the Rime. Furthermore, it will show that the concept of imitatio basically dissolves, although some of its mechanisms are still preserved.
„Il n’y a pas de liberté sans une dose de provocation possible.“ Michel Houellebecqs Soumission oder: Die Widerständigkeit der Fiktion
Authors: Schneider Ulrike 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Upon its publication, Michel Houellebecq’s novel Soumission has been frequently misinterpreted as ‘islamophobic;’ however, the targets of this fiction, which resists clear-cut interpretations through its satirical and irreducibly ambiguous structure, are to bemade out in diverse social strata of the current French mainstream society. The novel develops a vision of the transformed French Republic under a moderate Muslim government that comes to power in the democratic elections held in 2022. In its clearly reality-oriented anchoring, this vision challenges the sacrosanct republican values.Herein,Houellebecq puts to use and, to some extent, radicalizes techniques known fromhis previous narrative oeuvre, and in the end, Soumission contains an unprecedented praise of the power of literature, which is actualized through manifold intertextual references.
Prosodic realization of contrastive focus in Yucatecan Spanish
Authors: Uth Melanie 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
This article deals with the prosodic realization of contrastive focus in Yucatecan Spanish. Data from three recent elicitation experiments with a total of 5 balanced bilingual speakers of Yucatecan Spanish (YS) and Yucatec Maya (YM), 5 Spanish dominant bilingual speakers of YS and YM, and 5monolingual speakers of YS suggest that in YS contrastive focus is mostly signaled by means of a high pitch early in the Intonation Phrase, followed by a fall to the final stressed syllable of a contrasted word. In this respect, the established YS variety importantly differs from standard Mexican Spanish (MS), where the stressed syllable of a contrastive constituent is generally associated with an L+H* pitch accent (cf. De la Mota 2010). However, the systematic behavior described above only shows up in the data produced by the Spanish dominant and monolingual speakers, whereas the data produced by the balanced bilingual speakers is characterized by a much higher amount of idiosyncratic variation. This fact suggests that the development of intonational systems in language contact settings is, among other things, a matter of gradual consolidation or strengthening of features.
Vistas desde la otra orilla. Europa en el imaginario hispanoamericano de fin de siglo
Authors: Niemeyer Katharina 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
In the late 19th century emerges in Latin America a new interest for Europe. This interest is characterized by great ambivalences, visible in the images created in literature as well as in journalistic discourse. The study investigates the essential features and functions of these images as well as their relation to the discourse of modernity. At the same time, it attempts to reconstruct a part of the historical dynamics of this Spanish-American configuration of Europe.
The Degree of Orphic Initiation in Euripides’ Alcestis
Authors: Assaël Jacqueline 
Published: November 2016

Abstract:
A play such as Euripides’ Alcestis, which thus far appeared as relatively insignificant and unclassifiable, takes on an impressive density and consistency in light of the contemporary philosophical and religious thought patterns of Orphism. The beneficent and sacrificial functions of the characters can now be fully justified; the same applies to the linguistic ambiguities, the ambivalences of life and death situations, and the oddities arising from the staging of a heroine standing on the edge between reality and illusion.
Two Orphic Images in Euripides: Hippolytus 952–957 and Cretans 472 Kannicht
Authors: Pajares Alberto Bernabé 
Published: November 2016

Abstract:
This article examines two Euripidean references to the presence of Orphics in classical Athens: the one is a negative view, where Orphics are seen as false and dangerous (Hippolytus 948–957), and the other is a positive view, where Cretan priests are presented as pure and saintly men (Cretans 472). Both views give an idea of the contradictory reactions (admiration and rejection) that adherents to this form of religion inspired in the Athenians.
The Meanings of σώιζειν in Alcestis’ Final Scene
Authors: de Jáuregui Miguel Herrero 
Published: November 2016

Abstract:
In the final scene of Alcestis, while handing him his recovered wife, Heracles tells Admetus: ‘keep her safe’ (σῶιζε). This verb has a very marked meaning in the play, the plot of which focuses on saviours of different kinds (Apollo, Alcestis, Heracles). Heracles’ ironical exhortation to Admetus shows that Euripides is interested in contrasting different conceptions of salvation in fifth-century Athens, which are all ultimately useless towards death – except when predicated upon philia.
Death Scenes and Orphic Mysteries in Euripides: Between the Epic and the Mystic
Authors: Plichon Caroline 
Published: November 2016

Abstract:
In this paper I shall argue that the revelation enacted on the Euripidean stage is not that of potential salvation but that of the final disaster that is death; and the initiation re-enacted onstage is the initiation of few carefully selected heroes, who are about to experience death. Euripides employs Orphic rites and beliefs as aspects of a specific material not only to be assembled and thereupon contrasted with each other – such as epic immortality – but also, through that very process of contrasting, to be reinvented.
Doing equality and difference: Representation and alignment in Finnish identification
Authors: Menard Rusten 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Using tools from critical discourse analytic approaches informed by systemic functional linguistics, this paper is an examination of how social values – specifically equality values in Finland – are given meaning by differently socially positioned Finnish citizens, and how those meanings are positioned in constructions of identities. The focus of my examination is on how respondents align with different meanings of equality using linguistic resources of engagement and graduation (James R. Martin and Peter R. R. White [2005], The language of evaluation. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan). I conduct my analyses on written texts that were elicited in response to open items on a questionnaire. Respondents include individuals recruited through a national random sample, and individuals with transgendered life experiences and/or Asperger’s diagnoses. I consider how being positioned in the margins by institutionalized norms may interact with representation and alignment of Finnish equality in identification. I also pay attention to how individuals strategically reconcile meanings of equality with other important yet potentially conflicting values, such as national identity, sameness and moderation. I discuss the implications of the study in relation to the historical path of equality, and in terms of how particular formulations of equality may contribute to building and maintaining relations of domination.
Self-mockery: A study of Persian multi-party interactions
Authors: Zare Javad 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis study investigated self-mockery as an exemplar of jocular mockery. Drawing on authentic verbal data, collected in a university dormitory in Isfahan, Iran, this paper examined the interactional functions of self-mockery, and how self-mockery arose and was responded to in Persian face-to-face multi-party interactions. Seven cases of self-mockery were identified in the recorded transcripts of six multi-party conversations. Analysis of the transcripts indicates that self-mockery was performed to fulfill three interactional functions: (i) saving one’s own face; (ii) saving the face of the listeners; and (iii) bringing reciprocated amusement to the conversation. Furthermore, self-mockery was performed in response to either humor initiated by other interlocutors, or the display of humiliation. The results also revealed two interactional functions for the recipients’ responses, including (i) saving the face of the self-mocker; and (ii) bringing amusement to the conversation. By and large, the results indicated that the relative appropriateness of the response strategy may depend on the interactional function of self-mockery that the recipient wishes to fulfill. And finally, the results showed that the self-mockers and the recipients go along with each other’s interactional exchanges to maintain interactional solidarity.