bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revisiting the Optical Band Gap in Epitaxial BiFeO3 Thin Films
Authors: Sando Daniel , Carrétéro Cécile , Grisolia Mathieu N. , Barthélémy Agnès , Nagarajan Valanoor , Bibes Manuel 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA detailed structural and optical band gap characterization study for more than 40 epitaxial bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3—BFO) thin films, measured by X‐ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and optical transmission spectroscopy, is reported. The films are grown in different deposition systems to varying thicknesses (10–140 nm), on several substrates, and under different growth and cooling conditions. Using the results and literature data, first it is shown that the band gap measured by transmission is systematically lower than the gap found by ellipsometry, suggesting that sufficient caution must be exercised when comparing optical properties of BFO thin films. Then, statistical analysis is used to look for correlations between the band gap and structural parameters. While earlier works show the band gap to be sensitive to epitaxial (homogeneous) strain, it is found that it appears not to exhibit a dependence on inhomogeneous strain, out‐of‐plane lattice constant, or substrate/film interface roughness. Rather, it is found that surface roughness as well as film thickness generally tends to enhance the gap. Overall, the insensitivity of the band gap to structural parameters—aside from homogeneous strain—makes BiFeO3 largely immune to deviations in processing parameters, which should be an asset for photonic devices based on this material.
Electrochemically Synthesized Nanoporous Molybdenum Carbide as a Durable Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Kang Jin Soo , Kim Jin , Lee Myeong Jae , Son Yoon Jun , Chung Dong Young , Park Subin , Jeong Juwon , Yoo Ji Mun , Shin Heejong , Choe Heeman , Park Hyun S. , Sung Yung‐Eun 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDemands for sustainable production of hydrogen are rapidly increasing because of environmental considerations for fossil fuel consumption and development of fuel cell technologies. Thus, the development of high‐performance and economical catalysts has been extensively investigated. In this study, a nanoporous Mo carbide electrode is prepared using a top‐down electrochemical process and it is applied as an electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Anodic oxidation of Mo foil followed by heat treatment in a carbon monoxide (CO) atmosphere forms a nanostructured Mo carbide with excellent interconnections, and these structural characteristics lead to high activity and durability when applied to the HER. Additionally, characteristic behavior of Mo is observed; metallic Mo nanosheets form during electrochemical anodization by exfoliation along the (110) planes. These nanosheets are viable for chemical modification, indicating their feasibility in various applications. Moreover, the role of carbon shells is investigated on the surface of the electrocatalysts, whereby it is suggested that carbon shells serve as a mechanical barrier against the oxidative degradation of catalysts that accompanies unavoidable volume expansion.
Redox‐Active Separators for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Zhaohui , Pan Ruijun , Ruan Changqing , Edström Kristina , Strømme Maria , Nyholm Leif 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA bilayered cellulose‐based separator design is presented that can enhance the electrochemical performance of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) via the inclusion of a porous redox‐active layer. The proposed flexible redox‐active separator consists of a mesoporous, insulating nanocellulose fiber layer that provides the necessary insulation between the electrodes and a porous, conductive, and redox‐active polypyrrole‐nanocellulose layer. The latter layer provides mechanical support to the nanocellulose layer and adds extra capacity to the LIBs. The redox‐active separator is mechanically flexible, and no internal short circuits are observed during the operation of the LIBs, even when the redox‐active layer is in direct contact with both electrodes in a symmetric lithium–lithium cell. By replacing a conventional polyethylene separator with a redox‐active separator, the capacity of the proof‐of‐concept LIB battery containing a LiFePO4 cathode and a Li metal anode can be increased from 0.16 to 0.276 mA h due to the capacity contribution from the redox‐active separator. As the presented redox‐active separator concept can be used to increase the capacities of electrochemical energy storage systems, this approach may pave the way for new types of functional separators.
Site‐Selective In Situ Electrochemical Doping for Mn‐Rich Layered Oxide Cathode Materials in Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Choi Aram , Lim Jungwoo , Kim Hyung‐Jin , Jung Sung Chul , Lim Hyung‐Woo , Kim Hanseul , Kwon Mi‐Sook , Han Young Kyu , Oh Seung M. , Lee Kyu Tae 
Published: December 2017

AbstractVarious doped materials have been investigated to improve the structural stability of layered transition metal oxides for lithium‐ion batteries. Most doped materials are obtained through solid state methods, in which the doping of cations is not strictly site selective. This paper demonstrates, for the first time, an in situ electrochemical site‐selective doping process that selectively substitutes Li+ at Li sites in Mn‐rich layered oxides with Mg2+. Mg2+ cations are electrochemically intercalated into Li sites in delithiated Mn‐rich layered oxides, resulting in the formation of [Li1−xMgy][Mn1−zMz]O2 (M = Co and Ni). This Mg2+ intercalation is irreversible, leading to the favorable doping of Mg2+ at the Li sites. More interestingly, the amount of intercalated Mg2+ dopants increases with the increasing amount of Mn in Li1−x[Mn1−zMz]O2, which is attributed to the fact that the Mn‐to‐O electron transfer enhances the attractive interaction between Mg2+ dopants and electronegative Oδ− atoms. Moreover, Mg2+ at the Li sites in layered oxides suppresses cation mixing during cycling, resulting in markedly improved capacity retention over 200 cycles. The first‐principle calculations further clarify the role of Mg2+ in reduced cation mixing during cycling. The new concept of in situ electrochemical doping provides a new avenue for the development of various selectively doped materials.
Selected Methods for the Chemical Phosphorylation and Thiophosphorylation of Phenols
Authors: Kozak Witold , Rachon Janusz , Daśko Mateusz , Demkowicz Sebastian 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis Focus Review gathers together a selection of methods for the chemical phosphorylation of phenols that employ three‐ and four‐coordinate phosphorus compounds. Phosphorylated scaffolds can exhibit enhanced properties compared to their non‐phosphorylated analogues, such as increased biological activity and increased/decreased solubility; as such, phosphorus compounds have gained more and more interest in organic and medicinal chemistry. Phosphate esters are valuable intermediates in drug synthesis and, from this point of view, a knowledge of effective and selective methods for chemical phosphorylation is essential. Furthermore, phosphates form the basis of a large number of herbicides, insecticides, and nerve agents and they can act as flame retardants and plasticizers to protect or enhance the properties of various materials, such as textiles, furniture, or plastics.
Treatment of a patient with acute aortic dissection using extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation after an out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest: a case report
Authors: Yukawa Takahiro , Sugiyama Kazuhiro , Miyazaki Kazuki , Tanabe Takahiro , Ishikawa Susumu , Hamabe Yuichi 
Published: December 2017

CaseCirculatory support using veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for aortic disease is conventionally contraindicated. In this case, a 66‐year‐old man experienced cardiopulmonary arrest caused by acute aortic dissection. When exercising in the gym, he experienced chest discomfort, so the staff immediately called an ambulance. While in the ambulance, he experienced cardiopulmonary arrest. His initial electrocardiogram showed ventricular fibrillation. At the emergency department, we immediately performed extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation. We suspected acute coronary syndrome, so coronary angiography was carried out. Enlargement of ascending aorta was noted. Whole‐body enhanced computed tomography was subsequently performed, leading to a final diagnosis of acute aortic dissection.OutcomeEmergency ascending aorta prosthesis implantation was performed. The patient received intensive care and was discharged on day 49 of hospitalization. His cerebral performance category score was 4 at discharge.ConclusionThis case suggests that veno‐arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation may be used for patients with aortic dissection presenting with cardiac arrest.
A prospective trial of magnetic resonance–guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy for essential tremor: Results at the 2‐year follow‐up
Authors: Chang Jin Woo , Park Chang Kyu , Lipsman Nir , Schwartz Michael L. , Ghanouni Pejman , Henderson Jaimie M. , Gwinn Ryder , Witt Jennifer , Tierney Travis S. , Cosgrove G. Rees , Shah Binit B. , Abe Keiichi , Taira Takaomi , Lozano Andres M. , Eisenberg Howard M. , Fishman Paul S. , Elias W. Jeffrey 
Published: December 2017

ObjectiveMagnetic resonance guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) has recently been investigated as a new treatment modality for essential tremor (ET), but the durability of the procedure has not yet been evaluated. This study reports results at a 2‐ year follow‐up after MRgFUS thalamotomy for ET.MethodsA total of 76 patients with moderate‐to‐severe ET, who had not responded to at least two trials of medical therapy, were enrolled in the original randomized study of unilateral thalamotomy and evaluated using the clinical rating scale for tremor. Sixty‐seven of the patients continued in the open‐label extension phase of the study with monitoring for 2 years. Nine patients were excluded by 2 years, for example, because of alternative therapy such as deep brain stimulation (n = 3) or inadequate thermal lesioning (n = 1). However, all patients in each follow‐up period were analyzed.ResultsMean hand tremor score at baseline (19.8 ± 4.9; 76 patients) improved by 55% at 6 months (8.6 ± 4.5; 75 patients). The improvement in tremor score from baseline was durable at 1 year (53%; 8.9 ± 4.8; 70 patients) and at 2 years (56%; 8.8 ± 5.0; 67 patients). Similarly, the disability score at baseline (16.4 ± 4.5; 76 patients) improved by 64% at 6 months (5.4 ± 4.7; 75 patients). This improvement was also sustained at 1 year (5.4 ± 5.3; 70 patients) and at 2 years (6.5 ± 5.0; 67 patients). Paresthesias and gait disturbances were the most common adverse effects at 1 year—each observed in 10 patients with an additional 5 patients experiencing neurological adverse effects. None of the adverse events worsened over the period of follow‐up, and 2 of these resolved. There were no new delayed complications at 2 years.InterpretationTremor suppression after MRgFUS thalamotomy for ET is stably maintained at 2 years. Latent or delayed complications do not develop after treatment. Ann Neurol 2018;83:107–114
Visible‐Light‐Responsive Photoanodes for Highly Active, Stable Water Oxidation
Authors: Seo Jeongsuk , Nishiyama Hiroshi , Yamada Taro , Domen Kazunari 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSolar energy is a natural and effectively permanent resource and so the conversion of solar radiation into chemical or electrical energy is an attractive, although challenging, prospect. Photo‐electrochemical (PEC) water splitting is a key aspect of producing hydrogen from solar power. However, practical water oxidation over photoanodes (in combination with water reduction at a photocathode) in PEC cells is currently difficult to achieve because of the large overpotentials in the reaction kinetics and the inefficient photoactivity of the semiconductors. The development of semiconductors that allow high solar‐to‐hydrogen conversion efficiencies and the utilization of these materials in photoanodes will be a necessary aspect of achieving efficient, stable water oxidation. This Review discusses advances in water oxidation activity over photoanodes of n‐type visible‐light‐responsive (oxy)nitrides and oxides.
Three sources of motivation
Authors: Touré‐Tillery Maferima , Fishbach Ayelet 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis article explores three sources of motivation in goal pursuit: obtaining external rewards, obtaining internal rewards, and maintaining a positive self‐concept. First, when people pursue a goal to obtain an external reward (outcome focus), their motivation increases as a function of the extent to which they value the reward and their expectancy that achieving the reward is within reach. Second, when people pursue a goal to obtain internal rewards (process focusor intrinsic motivation), the degree to which an activity is closely associated or fused with the goal increases their motivation. Third, when people pursue a goal to maintain a positive self‐concept (self‐signaling), their motivation is mainly a function of the extent to which they can make internal attributions for their goal‐related actions and their expectations that they will remember these actions. We review empirical evidence from psychology and consumer research in support of each of these sources of motivation and discuss the theoretical and practical implications of distinguishing between these sources.
Visible‐light‐driven Efficient Photocatalytic Reduction of Organic Azides to Amines over CdS Sheet–rGO Nanocomposite
Authors: Singha Krishnadipti , Mondal Aniruddha , Ghosh Subhash Chandra , Panda Asit Baran 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCdS sheet–rGO nanocomposite as a heterogeneous photocatalyst enables visible‐light‐induced photocatalytic reduction of aromatic, heteroaromatic, aliphatic and sulfonyl azides to the corresponding amines using hydrazine hydrate as a reductant. The reaction shows excellent conversion and chemoselectivity towards the formation of the amine without self‐photoactivated azo compounds. In the adopted strategy, CdS not only accelerates the formation of nitrene through photoactivation of azide but also enhances the decomposition of azide to a certain extent, which entirely suppressed formation of the azo compound. The developed CdS sheet‐rGO nanocomposite catalyst is very active, providing excellent results under irradiation with a 40 W simple household CFL lamp.
Effects of gender, digit ratio, and menstrual cycle on intrinsic brain functional connectivity: A whole‐brain, voxel‐wise exploratory study using simultaneous local and global functional connectivity mapping
Authors: Donishi Tomohiro , Terada Masaki , Kaneoke Yoshiki 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIntroductionGender and sex hormones influence brain function, but their effects on functional network organization within the brain are not yet understood.MethodsWe investigated the influence of gender, prenatal sex hormones (estimated by the 2D:4D digit ratio), and the menstrual cycle on the intrinsic functional network organization of the brain (as measured by 3T resting‐state functional MRI (rs‐fMRI)) using right‐handed, age‐matched university students (100 males and 100 females). The mean (±SD) age was 20.9 ± 1.5 (range: 18–24) years and 20.8 ± 1.3 (range: 18–24) years for males and females, respectively. Using two parameters derived from the normalized alpha centrality analysis (one for local and another for global connectivity strength), we created mean functional connectivity strength maps.ResultsThere was a significant difference between the male mean map and female mean map in the distributions of network properties in almost all cortical regions and the basal ganglia but not in the medial parietal, limbic, and temporal regions and the thalamus. A comparison between the mean map for the low 2D:4D digit ratio group (indicative of high exposure to testosterone during the prenatal period) and that for the high 2D:4D digit ratio group revealed a significant difference in the network properties of the medial parietal region for males and in the temporal region for females. The menstrual cycle affected network organization in the brain, which varied with the 2D:4D digit ratio. Most of these findings were reproduced with our other datasets created with different preprocessing steps.ConclusionsThe results suggest that differences in gender, prenatal sex hormone exposure, and the menstrual cycle are useful for understanding the normal brain and investigating the mechanisms underlying the variable prevalence and symptoms of neurological and psychiatric diseases.
Consistent hypersocial behavior in mice carrying a deletion of Gtf2i but no evidence of hyposocial behavior with Gtf2i duplication: Implications for Williams–Beuren syndrome and autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Martin Loren A. , Iceberg Erica , Allaf Gabriel 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIntroductionWilliams–Beuren syndrome (WBS) is a developmental disorder caused by hemizygous deletion of human chromosome 7q11.23. Hypersocial behavior is one symptom of WBS and contrasts with hyposociality observed in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Interestingly, duplications of 7q11.23 have been associated with ASD. The social phenotype of WBS has been linked to GTF2I or general transcription factor IIi (TFII‐I). Duplication of GTF2I has also been associated with ASD.MethodsWe compared mice having either a deletion (Gtf2i+/−) or duplication (Gtf2i+/dup) of Gtf2i to wild‐type (Gtf2i+/+) littermate controls in a series of behavioral tasks including open‐field activity monitoring, olfactory probes, a social choice task, social transmission of food preference, habituation–dishabituation, and operant social motivation paradigms.ResultsIn open‐field observations, Gtf2i+/− and Gtf2i+/dup mice demonstrated normal activity and thigmotaxis, and surprisingly, each strain showed a significant preference for a stimulus mouse that was not observed in Gtf2i+/+ siblings. Both Gtf2i+/− and Gtf2i+/dup mice demonstrated normal olfaction in buried food probes, but the Gtf2i+/− mice spent significantly more time investigating urine scent versus water, which was not observed in the other strains. Gtf2i+/− mice also spent significantly more time in nose‐to‐nose contact compared to Gtf2i+/+ siblings during the open‐field encounter of the social transmission of food preference task. In operant tasks of social motivation, Gtf2i+/− mice made significantly more presses for social rewards than Gtf2i+/+ siblings, while there was no difference in presses for the Gtf2i+/dup mice.DiscussionResults were remarkably consistent across testing paradigms supporting a role for GTF2i in the hypersocial phenotype of WBS and more broadly in the regulation of social behavior. Support was not observed for the role of GTF2i in ASD.
Corporate Biodiversity Management through Certifiable Standards
Authors: Boiral Olivier , Heras‐Saizarbitoria Iñaki , Brotherton Marie‐Christine 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis article analyzes the motivations, internalization challenges and outcomes of implementing certifiable standards for corporate biodiversity management. For this purpose, a qualitative study based on interviews with 39 environmental managers, auditors, consultants and other experts in the field was conducted. The findings show that the adoption of new standards for biodiversity management is essentially driven by the need to improve the social acceptability of activities that can have a significant impact on natural habitats. The possible benefits of certification, particularly in terms of stakeholder relationships, and the difficulty of measuring the intangible aspects of biodiversity issues are also discussed. The study contributes to the emerging literature on organizational biodiversity management and to the debates on the symbolic versus substantial adoption of certifiable environmental standards. Managerial implications for organizations interested in biodiversity management are also discussed. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Institutional Antecedents of the Corporate Social Responsibility Narrative in the Developing World Context: Implications for Sustainable Development
Authors: Melissen Frans , Mzembe Andrew Ngawenja , Idemudia Uwafiokun , Novakovic Yvonne 
Published: December 2017

AbstractEfforts to understand the background to perceptions and manifestation of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the developing world need to focus on establishing their link with the challenges of socio‐economic governance and societal expectations and cultural traditions. This signifies a departure from a western centric understanding of CSR but also an over‐focus on CSR as philanthropy. This study considers the Malawian tourism industry and finds that its colonial legacy, post‐colonialism development thinking and the national education system explain the prevalence of a ‘CSR as philanthropy’ agenda. When these factors interact with challenges of socio‐economic governance and societal expectations, however, the universality thesis that has often been associated with the theory and implementation CSR can be challenged. These findings therefore suggest a shift from the western centric CSR thinking to a CSR perspective that is strongly grounded in local values and norms and which meets the expectations of the global society. This indicates a way forward if CSR is to be adequately institutionalized in the developing world. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Unleashing the Power of Networks: Shareholder Activism, Sustainable Development and Corporate Environmental Policy
Authors: Yang Aimei , Uysal Nur , Taylor Maureen 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn recent years, a new trend has emerged in which shareholder activists have formed networks to empower shareholders and magnify shareholder voices. This study explores the structural patterns and effectiveness of shareholder activism networks and shows how those networks affect corporate sustainability policies. We draw upon stakeholder influence theory, stakeholder network management theory and recent studies on activism networks to examine a shareholder activism network formed around environmental issues. The study found that (1) the structure of shareholder activist networks is largely driven by organizational attributes such as organization type, organizations’ human resources, media visibility and history; and (2) activist organizations with high centralities and eigenvector centralities enjoy more efficient results. This study contributes to our understanding of the business responses to shareholder demands on improving environmental performance and paves the way for future research on sustainable development through partnerships with shareholder networks. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Conventional and New Materials for Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) of NOx
Authors: Liu Yu , Zhao Jun , Lee Jong‐Min 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIt is important and necessary to minimize NOx pollutant released into the atmosphere owing to the harmful environmental and health effects brought by NOx emission. Many techniques are available to reduce NOx emission, among of them, Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) is considered as one of the most efficient techniques. Conventional SCR systems involve ammonia (NH3) or urea (CO(NH2)2) as a reducing reagent to reduce NOx to N2 and H2O at high temperatures 300–400 °C. Research on developing novel low‐temperature catalysts (LTC) for SCR of NOx still remains of interest. This work reviewed and compared conventional SCR catalysts with newly emerging Metal‐Organic‐Frame (MOFs) materials as potential alternatives for SCR catalysts.