bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbon dioxide insufflation is associated with increased serrated polyp detection rate when compared to room air insufflation during screening colonoscopy
Authors: Riverso Michael , Perbtani Yaseen , Shuster Jonathan , Chakraborty Joydeep , Brar Tony , Agarwal Mitali , Zhang Han , Gupte Anand , Chauhan Shailendra , Forsmark Christopher , Draganov Peter , Yang Dennis 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Background and study aims Sessile serrated adenomas (SSA) and traditional serrated adenomas (TSA) have been increasingly recognized as precursors of colorectal cancer. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of carbon dioxide insufflation (CO2I) vs. room air insufflation (AI) on serrated polyp detection rate (SPDR) and to identify factors associated with SPDR.
Patients and methods Single-center retrospective cohort study of 2083 screening colonoscopies performed with AI (November 2011 through January 2013) or CO2I (February 2013 to June 2015). Data on demographics, procedure characteristics and histology results were obtained from a prospectively maintained endoscopy database and chart review. SPDR was defined as proportion of colonoscopies in which ≥ 1 SSA, TSA or hyperplastic polyp (HP) ≥ 10 mm in the right colon was detected. Multi-variate analysis (MVA) was performed to identify predictors of SPDR.
Results A total of 131 histologically confirmed serrated polyps (129 SSA, 2 TSA and 0 HP ≥ 10 mm) were detected. SPDR was higher with CO2I vs. AI (4.8 % vs. 1.4 %; P < 0.0001). On MVA, CO2I was associated with higher SPDR when compared to AI (OR: 9.52; 95 % CI: 3.05 – 30.3). Both higher body mass index (OR 1.05; 95 % CI:1.02 – 1.09) and longer colonoscope withdrawal time (OR 1.11; 95 % CI: 1.07 – 1.16) were also associated with higher SPDR.
Conclusion CO2I is associated with higher SPDR when compared to AI during screening colonoscopy. While the mechanism remains unknown, we speculate that the favorable gas characteristics of CO2 compared to room air results in improved polyp detection by optimizing bowel insufflation. These findings suggest an additional reason to prefer the use of CO2I over AI during colonoscopy.
Beschleunigungstrauma der HWS – ein Update
Authors: Dehner Christoph , Kramer Michael 
Published: September 2017

ZusammenfassungDas Beschleunigungstrauma der Halswirbelsäule nach Unfällen ist kontrovers diskutiert. Sind die oft chronischen Schmerzverläufe
posttraumatisch allein biomedizinisch zu erklären oder spielen psychosoziale Faktoren eine dominante Rolle? Christoph Dehner und Michael
Kramer geben einen Überblick zu Verletzungsmechanismen, Diagnostik und Therapieoptionen einer umstrittenen Verletzung.
Sensomotorische Therapie nach Beschleunigungstrauma
Authors: Beinert Konstantin , Roser Michael , Meier Hannspeter 
Published: September 2017

ZusammenfassungDie Dysfunktionen, unter denen Menschen nach einem Beschleunigungstrauma leiden, ähneln denen von Patienten mit Nackenschmerzen. Störungen
der Propriozeption, Kraft, Ausdauer oder des Gleichgewichts und Bewegungsausmaßes sind optimale Angriffspunkte für eine physiotherapeutische
Behandlung. Ein sensomotorisches Training verbessert nicht nur die Beweglichkeit, Koordination oder Kraft, sondern reduziert auch die
Schmerzintensität der Patienten.
Tiefe Hirnstimulation bei Morbus Parkinson
Authors: Paschen Laura , Witt Karsten 
Published: September 2017

ZusammenfassungEtwa 12.500 Menschen/Jahr erhalten in Deutschland die Diagnose Morbus Parkinson und sehen sich mit Einschränkung, Stigma und Invalidität
konfrontiert. Obwohl sich die Lebenserwartung der Erkrankten deutlich gebessert hat, ist die Diagnose daher weiterhin mit Angst verbunden.
Medikamentöse Therapie und aktivierende Behandlungsmethoden haben einen wichtigen Stellenwert, dennoch entwickeln sich häufig motorische
Wirkfluktuationen, die sich medikamentös nicht auffangen lassen. Seit nunmehr 30 Jahren ist jedoch die Tiefe Hirnstimulation verfügbar. Sie
steht seither für die Faszination, die Funktion des Gehirns zu modulieren, und für die damit oftmals verbundene große Chance auf ein
besseres Leben mit der unheilbaren Erkrankung.
Multicomponent Synthesis of Some Molecular Hybrid Containing Thiazole Pyrazole as Apoptosis Inducer
Authors: Kumar Parvin , Duhan Meenakshi , Kadyan Kulbir , Bhardwaj Jitender , Saraf Priyanka , Mittal Meenu 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe present study describes a multicomponent synthesis of molecular hybrid containing pyrazole, thiazole moiety using hydrazone as a linker, which have been synthesized by condensation of 1-phenyl-3-(aryl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehydes 1a-b, thiosemicarbazide and α-bromoketones 2a-c.The target hybrid compounds, 1-((1-phenyl-3-aryl-1H-pyrazole-4-yl)methylene)-2-(4-arylthiazole-2-yl)hydrazine 3a-f are characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C NMR, FT-IR and mass. Apoptosis inducing ability and cytotoxic nature of all the hybrid compounds having thiazole, pyrazole and hydrazone were assessed by using biological assays viz morphological, fluorescence and tunel assays on granulosa cells of ovarian antral follicles of goat (Capra hircus) in vitro. Apoptosis was recognized and quantified using differential staining of ethidium bromide and acridine orange where apoptotic cells exhibited red fluorescence and live normal cells with intact cell membrane and normal nucleus displayed bright green fluorescence. Among the tested compounds, compound 3e and 3b showed the maximum potency to induce apoptosis with percentage of apoptosis 25.61±2.95and 23.45±1.46 respectively followed by 3f (20.95±0.40) and 3d (20.44±1.60) in comparison with control (5.14±0.44).
Favored local structures in amorphous colloidal packings measured by microbeam X-ray diffraction
Authors: Liu Amelia C. Y. , Tabor Rico F. , de Jonge Martin D. , Mudie Stephen T. , Petersen Timothy C. 
Published: September 2017

Significance
Local structure and symmetry in amorphous materials and glasses may play a critical role in their formation and properties yet are notoriously hard to measure. Here, we demonstrate a direct method for measuring the proportions of polyhedra with different local point symmetries in amorphous colloidal packings, using small-volume transmission diffraction patterns. We show that local order is tuned by the interaction potential between microspheres and the method of preparation. This methodology can be readily applied to a broad range of disordered materials and packings to probe for universal features in their structure. It also has the potential to quantify local order in liquid, undercooled, and liquid–crystal systems approaching a phase transition.
RIPK1 mediates a disease-associated microglial response in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Ofengeim Dimitry , Mazzitelli Sonia , Ito Yasushi , DeWitt Judy Park , Mifflin Lauren , Zou Chengyu , Das Sudeshna , Adiconis Xian , Chen Hongbo , Zhu Hong , Kelliher Michelle A. , Levin Joshua Z. , Yuan Junying 
Published: September 2017

Significance
Dysfunction of microglia plays a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common form of dementia. However, there is a lack of knowledge about targets that can be safely manipulated for modulating microglia for the treatment of AD. The presence of a unique subtype of disease-associated microglia (DAM) has recently been implicated in mediating pathogenesis of AD. However, the mechanism that promotes the development of DAM is unclear, nor is it known how DAM may modulate the progression of AD. This study demonstrates that RIPK1-dependent transcription promotes DAM and lysosomal defects to mediate the accumulation of amyloid plaques in AD. Thus, targeting RIPK1 may provide an important therapeutic strategy for the treatment of AD.
On the effective Young's modulus of metal matrix syntactic foams
Authors: Szlancsik Attila , Katona Bálint , Dombóvári Zoltán , Orbulov Imre Norbert 
Published: September 2017

The effective Young's modulus of aluminium matrix syntactic foams was determined by modal analysis. Two different matrix materials (Al99.5 and AlSi12) were used, and they were reinforced by Globocer grade ceramic hollow spheres. In order to validate the results, a full-scale finite element model was also created. A new algorithm was developed to place the spheres in a proper, probabilistic spatial distribution. Finite element simulations were carried out in modal analysis and compression test senses. In addition, three different analytical methods were studied to estimate the effective Young's modulus. The measured values were compared with the finite element and analytical results. The determined effective Young's moduli showed good agreement. This paper is part of a thematic issue on Light Alloys.
Skyrmion production on demand by homogeneous DC currents
Authors: Everschor-Sitte Karin , Sitte Matthias , Valet Thierry , Abanov Artem , Sinova Jairo 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Topological magnetic textures—like skyrmions—are major players in the design of next-generation magnetic storage technology due to their stability and the control of their motion by ultra-low currents. A major challenge to develop new skyrmion-based technologies is the controlled creation of magnetic skyrmions without the need of complex setups. We show how to create skyrmions and other magnetic textures in ferromagnetic thin films by means of a homogeneous DC current and without requiring Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interactions. This is possible by exploiting a static loss of stability arising from the interplay of current-induced spin-transfer-torque and a spatially inhomogeneous magnetization, which can be achieved, e.g., by locally engineering the anisotropy, the magnetic field, or other magnetic interactions. The magnetic textures are created controllably and efficiently with a period that can be tuned by the applied current strength. We propose a specific experimental setup realizable with simple materials, such as cobalt based materials, to observe the periodic formation of skyrmions. We show that adding chiral interactions will not influence the basics of the generations but the consequent dynamics w.r.t. the stabilization of topological textures. Our findings allow for skyrmion production on demand in simple ferromagnetic thin films by homogeneous DC currents.
On spreading sequences and asymptotic structures
Authors: Freeman D. , Odell E. , Sarı B. , Zheng B. 
Published: September 2017

In the first part of the paper we study the structure of Banach spaces with a conditional spreading basis. The geometry of such spaces exhibits a striking resemblance to the geometry of James space. Further, we show that the averaging projections onto subspaces spanned by constant coefficient blocks with no gaps between supports are bounded. As a consequence, every Banach space with a spreading basis contains a complemented subspace with an unconditional basis. This gives an affirmative answer to a question of H. Rosenthal.

The second part contains two results on Banach spaces

X
X

whose asymptotic structures are closely related to

c
0

c_0

and do not contain a copy of

ℓ
1

\ell _1

:

i) Suppose

X
X

has a normalized weakly null basis

(

x
i

)

(x_i)

and every spreading model

(

e
i

)

(e_i)

of a normalized weakly null block basis satisfies

‖

e
1

−

e
2

‖
=
1

\|e_1-e_2\|=1

. Then some subsequence of

(

x
i

)

(x_i)

is equivalent to the unit vector basis of

c
0

c_0

. This generalizes a similar theorem of Odell and Schlumprecht and yields a new proof of the Elton–Odell theorem on the existence of infinite

(
1
+
ε
)

(1+\varepsilon )

-separated sequences in the unit sphere of an arbitrary infinite dimensional Banach space.

ii) Suppose that all asymptotic models of

X
X

generated by weakly null arrays are equivalent to the unit vector basis of

c
0

c_0

. Then

X
∗

X^*

is separable and

X
X

is asymptotic-

c
0

c_0

with respect to a shrinking basis

(

y
i

)

(y_i)

of

Y
⊇
X

Y\supseteq X

.
Predicting Early Mortality After Hip Fracture Surgery: The Hip Fracture Estimator of Mortality Amsterdam
Authors: Karres Julian , Kieviet Noera , Eerenberg Jan-Peter , Vrouenraets Bart C. 
Published: September 2017

Objectives:
Early mortality after hip fracture surgery is high and preoperative risk assessment for the individual patient is challenging. A risk model could identify patients in need of more intensive perioperative care, provide insight in the prognosis, and allow for risk adjustment in audits. This study aimed to develop and validate a risk prediction model for 30-day mortality after hip fracture surgery: the Hip fracture Estimator of Mortality Amsterdam (HEMA).

Methods:
Data on 1050 consecutive patients undergoing hip fracture surgery between 2004 and 2010 were retrospectively collected and randomly split into a development cohort (746 patients) and validation cohort (304 patients). Logistic regression analysis was performed in the development cohort to determine risk factors for the HEMA. Discrimination and calibration were assessed in both cohorts using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), the Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test, and by stratification into low-, medium- and high-risk groups.

Results:
Nine predictors for 30-day mortality were identified and used in the final model: age ≥85 years, in-hospital fracture, signs of malnutrition, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, current pneumonia, renal failure, malignancy, and serum urea >9 mmol/L. The HEMA showed good discrimination in the development cohort (AUC = 0.81) and the validation cohort (AUC = 0.79). The Hosmer–Lemeshow test indicated no lack of fit in either cohort (P > 0.05).

Conclusions:
The HEMA is based on preoperative variables and can be used to predict the risk of 30-day mortality after hip fracture surgery for the individual patient.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Aberrant brain response after auditory deviance in PTSD compared to trauma controls: An EEG study
Authors: Bangel Katrin A. , van Buschbach Susanne , Smit Dirk J.A. , Mazaheri Ali , Olff Miranda 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPart of the symptomatology of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are alterations in arousal and reactivity which could be related to a maladaptive increase in the automated sensory change detection system of the brain. In the current EEG study we investigated whether the brain’s response to a simple auditory sensory change was altered in patients with PTSD relative to trauma-exposed matched controls who did not develop the disorder. Thirteen male PTSD patients and trauma-exposed controls matched for age and educational level were presented regular auditory pure tones (1000 Hz, 200 ms duration), with 11% of the tones deviating in both duration (50 ms) and frequency (1200 Hz) while watching a silent movie. Relative to the controls, patients who had developed PTSD showed enhanced mismatch negativity (MMN), increased theta power (5-7 Hz), and stronger suppression of upper alpha activity (13-15 Hz) after deviant vs. standard tones. Behaviourally, the alpha suppression in PTSD correlated with decreased spatial working memory performance suggesting it might reflect enhanced stimulus-feature representations in auditory memory. These results taken together suggest that PTSD patients and trauma-exposed controls can be distinguished by enhanced involuntary attention to changes in sensory patterns.
Increased Activity of Tyrosine Hydroxylase Leads to Elevated Amphetamine Response and Markers of Oxidative Stress in Transgenic Mice
Authors: Vecchio Laura M. , Bermejo M. Kristel , Dunn Amy , Milenkovic Marija , Urs Nikhil , Ramsey Amy , Miller Gary W. , Salahpour Ali 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn Parkinson’s disease, noradrenergic cells of the locus coeruleus and dopamine cells within the nigrostriatal pathway undergo profound degeneration. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the production of all catecholamines, including dopamine and noradrenaline, and is selectively expressed in the cells that produce these neurotransmitters.In vitrostudies have previously shown that the TH-synthetic system can contribute to the formation of reactive oxygen species. In addition, animal models of dopamine mishandling demonstrated that free dopamine is neurotoxic. To examine how increased TH activity might influence catecholamine systemsin vivo, we generated TH-overexpressing mice (TH-HI) with six total copies of theTHmurine gene. A commensurate increase inTHmRNA produced a threefold increase in both total TH protein and phosphorylated TH levels. We found an increased rate of dopamine synthesis in both young and adult mice, reflected by the accumulation of L-DOPA following NSD-1015 administration, as well as elevated dopamine tissue content in young mice and an increased presence of dopamine metabolites at both ages. Adult mice show no difference in baseline locomotor behaviour compared to wildtype littermates, but a have potentiated response to amphetamine. In addition to elevated dopamine turnover in the striatum, TH-HI mice show reduced levels of glutathione and increased levels of cysteinylated catechols. These results indicate that a heightened level of active TH can produce oxidative stress, and may represent a source of toxicity that is specific to catecholamine cells, which are most vulnerable to degeneration in Parkinson’s disease.
A potential link between tuberculosis and lung cancer through non-coding RNAs
Authors: Barh Debmalya , Tiwari Sandeep , Kumavath Ranjith N. , Azevedo Vasco 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTPulmonary tuberculosis caused byMycobacteriumand lung cancer are two major causes of deaths worldwide and the former increases the risk of developing lung cancer. However, the precise molecular mechanism ofMycobacteriumassociated increased risk of lung cancer is not entirely understood. Here, usingin silicoapproaches, we show that hsa-mir-21 andM. tuberculosissRNA_1096 and sRNA_1414 could play important roles in the pathogenesis of both these diseases. Further, we postulated a “Genetic remittance” hypothesis where these sRNAs may play important roles. The sRNA_1096 could be involved in tuberculosis through multiple infectious processes, and if transferred to the host, it may activate the TLR8 mediated pro-metastatic inflammatory pathway by acting as a ligand to TLR8 similar to the mir-21 leading to lung tumorigenesis and chemo-resistance. Analogous to SH3GL1, it may also regulate cell cycle. On the other hand, sRNA_1414 is probably involved in survivability and drug response of the pathogen. However, it may be a metastatic factor for lung cancer providing EPS8L1 and SORBS1 like functions upon remittance. Further, all these three non-coding RNAs are predicted to act in rifampicin resistance inMycobacterium.Currently, we are applying robust bioinformatics strategies and conducting experimental validations to confirm ourin-silicofindings and hypothesis.
Characterization ofAzotobacter vinelandiiand Kits for Its Synthetic Biology Applications
Authors: Leung King Pong , Loo Jacky Fong Chuen , Seak Leo Chi U , Lai Tung Faat , Yip Kevin Yuk Lap , Kong Siu Kai , Chan Ting Fung , Chan King Ming 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAzotobacter vinelandii, a Gram-negative aerobic bacterium with an intracellular anaerobic environment that maintains the oxygen-sensitive enzymatic cascades for nitrogen fixation, could be used to express oxygen-sensitive proteins. However, little is known about the properties ofA. vinelandiifor synthetic biology applications. We therefore first characterized and optimized the conditions for growing and screening BioBrick constructs inA. vinelandiiin the presence of 2 antibiotics, ampicillin and chloramphenicol, and then developed two sets of BioBricks for regulated protein expression. The first kit used T7 RNA polymerase, whose expression is under the control of a nitrogen-repressiblenifHpromoter. The commonly used T7-dependent system inEscherichia colican then be used inA. vinelandii. Because its intracellular anaerobic environment is favorable for processes such as magnetosome biogenesis, we attempted to migrate the biogenesis machineries from the magnetotactic bacteriumMagnetospirillum gryphiswaldensetoA. vinelandii. During this undertaking, another insertion kit construct was developed to allow protein conjugation onto magnetosomes. The kit consists ofmamC, a gene encoding a transmembrane protein on magnetosomes, and multiple restriction sites downstream ofmamCfor fusing a gene of interest. This insertion kit allows the attachment of any desired protein onto the magnetosome membrane by fusing with the mamC protein. We demonstrated the function of this kit by fusing mamC to a GFP nanobody. This kit will facilitate the conjugation of any target protein onto magnetosomes for downstream applications in the future.Financial DisclosureWe received sponsorship from the 2012–15 Teaching Development Grants Triennium, Faculty of Engineering and Biochemistry Program, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong. The funders had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Competing InterestsThe authors declare that no competing interests exist.Ethics StatementN/A.Data AvailabilityAll data are fully available without restriction.
CscoreTool: Fast Hi-C Compartment Analysis at High Resolution
Authors: Zheng Xiaobin , Zheng Yixian 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSummaryThe chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) has revealed that the eukaryotic genome can be partitioned into A and B compartments that have distinctive chromatin and transcription features. Current Principle Component Analyses (PCA)-based method for the prediction of A/B compartment prediction from Hi-C data requires substantial CPU time and memory. We report the development of a method, CscoreTool, that enables fast and memory-efficient determination of A/B compartments at high resolution even in dataset with low sequencing depth.Availabilitygithub.com/scoutzxb/CscoreToolContactxzheng@carnegiescience.edu
Motif signatures of transcribed enhancers
Authors: Kleftogiannis Dimitrios , Ashoor Haitham , Zarokanellos Nikolaos , Bajic Vladimir B. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTIn mammalian cells, transcribed enhancers (TrEn) play important roles in the initiation of gene expression and maintenance of gene expression levels in spatiotemporal manner. One of the most challenging questions in biology today is how the genomic characteristics of enhancers relate to enhancer activities. This is particularly critical, as several recent studies have linked enhancer sequence motifs to specific functional roles. To date, only a limited number of enhancer sequence characteristics have been investigated, leaving space for exploring the enhancers genomic code in a more systematic way. To address this problem, we developed a novel computational method, TELS, aimed at identifying predictive cell type/tissue specific motif signatures. We used TELS to compile a comprehensive catalog of motif signatures for all known TrEn identified by the FANTOM5 consortium across 112 human primary cells and tissues. Our results confirm that distinct cell type/tissue specific motif signatures characterize TrEn. These signatures allow discriminating successfully a) TrEn from random controls, proxy of non-enhancer activity, and b) cell type/tissue specific TrEn from enhancers expressed and transcribed in different cell types/tissues. TELS codes and datasets are publicly available athttp://www.cbrc.kaust.edu.sa/TELS.