bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Follow-up and evaluation of the pregnancy outcome in women of reproductive age with Graves’ disease after 131Iodine treatment
Authors: Zhang Li-Hua , Li Jing-Yan , Tian Qi , Liu Shuang , Zhang Hong , Liu Sheng , Liang Jiu-Gen , Lu Xian-Ping , Jiang Ning-Yi 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The aims of the present study were to analyze the outcomes of pregnancy, after 131I treatment, in patients of reproductive age with Graves’ hyperthyroidism and to investigate the effects, if any, of the 131I treatment on the mothers and newborns. From 2009 to 2014, 257 pregnant female patients with Graves’ hyperthyroidism in the outpatients at the Department of Nuclear Medicine and 166 healthy pregnant women from the Department of Obstetrics at Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital were included in our study. They were divided into a 131I therapy group (n = 130) and an anti-thyroid drug (ATD) group (n = 127) according to their therapy before conception. The neonatal gender, rate of preterm birth, body weight ratio and occurrence of low birth weight [except for higher rates of abortion (odds ratio; OR = 2.023) and cesarean delivery (OR = 1.552) in patients with Graves’ hyperthyroidism] showed no statistically significant differences from those of the healthy group (P &gt; 0.05). The level of intrauterine growth restriction did not differ between the Graves’ hyperthyroidism group and the healthy group (8 vs 2, 3.0% vs 1.2%). The outcomes of pregnancy among the 131I therapy group, ATD group and healthy group also showed no significant differences. Of the patients treated with 131I, no significant differences were observed in the outcomes of their pregnancies, whether they received propylthiouracil (PTU), levothyroxine or no additional drug treatment during pregnancy. Women with hyperthyroidism who were treated with 131I therapy could have normal delivery if they ceased 131I treatment for at least six months prior to conception and if their thyroid function was reasonably controlled and maintained using the medication: anti-thyroid drug and levothyroxine before and during pregnancy.
Building national laboratories to meet China's development challenges
Authors: Qiu Jane 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
China boasts one of the largest scientific forces in the world, but most research institutes focus on a specialized subject of research—which many say are insufficient to meet the country's complex development needs. As part of the reform of scientific institutions and the implementation of innovation-driven development strategies, the Chinese government plans to build several comprehensive national laboratories that it hopes will further boost its scientific research prowess and to support large-scale projects.
To rev up their construction and management, 12 of the world's top national-laboratory experts were invited to share their experiences and insights at the International Seminar on National Laboratory Management, which was held in Beijing on 2 February 2016. In a forum chaired by Tieniu Tan, Vice President of Chinese Academy of Sciences, a panel of four scientists discussed with a packed audience why multi-purpose national laboratories are important, how to manage them effectively, and what the main challenges are.

Hong Ding
Managing Director of Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing, China

Doon Gibbs
Director of U.S. Department of Energy's Brookhaven National Laboratory in Upton, New York, USA

Antonio Masiero
Deputy President of the National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN), Italy

Joël Mesot
Director of Paul Scherrer Institute in Villigen, Switzerland

Tieniu Tan (Chair)
Vice President of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Diseases due to unhealthy environments: an updated estimate of the global burden of disease attributable to environmental determinants of health
Authors: Prüss-Ustün A. , Wolf J. , Corvalán C. , Neville T. , Bos R. , Neira M. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

Background
The update of the global burden of disease attributable to the environment is presented. The study focuses on modifiable risks to show the potential health impact from environmental interventions.

Methods
Systematic literature reviews on 133 diseases and injuries were performed. Comparative risk assessments were complemented by more limited epidemiological estimates, expert opinion and information on disease transmission pathways. Population attributable fractions were used to calculate global deaths and global disease burden from environmental risks.

Results
Twenty-three percent (95% CI: 13–34%) of global deaths and 22% (95% CI: 13–32%) of global disability adjusted life years (DALYs) were attributable to environmental risks in 2012. Sixty-eight percent of deaths and 56% of DALYs could be estimated with comparative risk assessment methods. The global disease burden attributable to the environment is now dominated by noncommunicable diseases. Susceptible ages are children under five and adults between 50 and 75 years. Country level data are presented.

Conclusions
Nearly a quarter of global disease burden could be prevented by reducing environmental risks. This analysis confirms that eliminating hazards and reducing environmental risks will greatly benefit our health, will contribute to attaining the recently agreed Sustainable Development Goals and will systematically require intersectoral collaboration to be successful.
Assessment of Fecal Microbiota and Fecal Metabolome in Symptomatic Uncomplicated Diverticular Disease of the Colon
Authors: Tursi Antonio , Mastromarino Paola , Capobianco Daniela , Elisei Walter , Miccheli Alfredo , Capuani Giorgio , Tomassini Alberta , Campagna Giuseppe , Picchio Marcello , Giorgetti GianMarco , Fabiocchi Federica , Brandimarte Giovanni 
Published: September 2016

Goal:
The aim of this study was to assess fecal microbiota and metabolome in a population with symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease (SUDD).

Background:
Whether intestinal microbiota and metabolic profiling may be altered in patients with SUDD is unknown.

Patients and Methods:
Stool samples from 44 consecutive women [15 patients with SUDD, 13 with asymptomatic diverticulosis (AD), and 16 healthy controls (HCs)] were analyzed. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to quantify targeted microorganisms. High-resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy associated with multivariate analysis with partial least-square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was applied on the metabolite data set.

Results:
The overall bacterial quantity did not differ among the 3 groups (P=0.449), with no difference in Bacteroides/Prevotella, Clostridium coccoides, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Escherichia coli subgroups. The amount of Akkermansia muciniphila species was significantly different between HC, AD, and SUDD subjects (P=0.017). PLS-DA analysis of nuclear magnetic resonance -based metabolomics associated with microbiological data showed significant discrimination between HCs and AD patients (R
2=0.733; Q
2=0.383; P<0.05, LV=2). PLS analysis showed lower N-acetyl compound and isovalerate levels in AD, associated with higher levels of A. municiphila, as compared with the HC group. PLS-DA applied on AD and SUDD samples showed a good discrimination between these 2 groups (R
2=0.69; Q
2=0.35; LV=2). SUDD patients were characterized by low levels of valerate, butyrate, and choline and by high levels of N-acetyl derivatives and U1.

Conclusions:
SUDD and AD do not show colonic bacterial overgrowth, but a significant difference in the levels of fecal A. muciniphila was observed. Moreover, increasing expression of some metabolites as expression of different AD and SUDD metabolic activity was found.
A Primary-Care Interventional Model on the Diverticular Disease
Authors: Campanini Angelo , De Conto Umberto , Cavasin Francesco , Bastiani Fernanda , Camarotto Antonio , Gardini Luigi , Geremia Alessandra , Marastoni Cristina , Missorini Carlo , Quarantelli Elena , Sassi Umberto , Scarabello Francesco , Dal Bo Nadia , Riccò Matteo , Grillo Simone , Landi Stefano , Di Mario Francesco 
Published: September 2016

Introduction
In routine colonoscopy, diverticulosis is the most commonly found feature, but only a minority of these cases show symptoms of diverticular disease.
From June 2014 to December 2014, we enrolled prospectively 178 patients affected by symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease (Male/Female=0.47, mean age 71.7±11.5 y, range 41 to 95 y) from 15 General Pratictioners patient files. All patients were symptomatic; in all cases, diagnosis was been confirmed by a colonoscopy performed at least 1 year before. Patients with acute diverticulitis were excluded.
On the basis of the predominant symptoms (abdominal complaints or constipation), patients were addressed to 4 different therapeutic approaches using mesalamine, rifaximine, probiotics (in a consortium of different species of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium), and fibers (Plantago Ovata Husk). All treatments lasted 3 months.

Results:
Sixty-three patients were enrolled in group A (rifaximine), 43 in group A1 (rifaximine+fibers+probiotics), 23 in group B (mesalamine), and 31 in group B1 (mesalamine+fibers).
Analysis of variance suggested a statistically significant difference (P<0.003) among groups at the end of the observation period, with Groups A1 and B1 showing a higher number of bowel movement per week. Global linear measurement confirmed the role of treatment as a significant factor (F=2.858; P=0.039) associated with body mass index (F=6.972; P<0.009).

Conclusions:
In accordance with the baseline clinical presentation, the supplementation of fiber and/or probiotics is associated with a statistically significant improvement in the clinical pattern of symptoms in patients with diverticular disease in a primary-care/family physician setting.
Comparison of Cytokine and Efflux Transporter Expression in Pediatric Versus Adult‐onset Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Savić Mlakar Ana , Hojsak Iva , Jergović Mladen , Vojvoda Parčina Valerija , Babić Žarko , Troskot Branko , Mihaljević Željko , Bendelja Krešo 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTObjectives:Ulcerative colitis (UC), a chronic inflammation of the colon, is often more severe in children than adults. Identification of altered expression of efflux transporters, cytokines, and suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) molecules in pediatric versus adult patients could provide insight into the differential molecular patterns related to the age and disease pathology.Methods:Mucosal samples from terminal ileum and colon in pediatric (9 UC‐New, 4 UC‐Remission) and adult (9 UC‐New, 8 UC‐Remission) patients were compared with healthy subjects (15 children and 10 adults) for mRNA expressions of several efflux transporters, cytokines, and SOCS molecules.Results:The inflamed colon interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐17A, and interferon‐γ levels were elevated in UC‐New subgroups but close to control values in UC‐Remission. IL‐1β expression was increased only in UC‐New children. Interestingly, uninflamed ileum also showed increased IL‐6 and IL‐1β levels in UC‐New subgroups. SOCS1/SOCS3 expression pattern followed a trend observed for inflammatory cytokines only in children. Both children and adults had decreased multidrug resistance protein 1 expression in colon, which inversely correlated with disease score, IL‐6 and interferon‐γ levels in UC‐New children. IL‐2 expression was upregulated in UC‐Remission, compared with controls.Conclusions:Efflux transporter expression varies between UC children and adults except for decreased multidrug resistance protein 1. UC is characterized by a dysregulated TH1 and TH17 cytokine response irrespective of age at disease onset, with higher cytokine levels detected in children. Increased IL‐2 levels in remission imply a protective role for regulatory T cells (Tregs).
What can we infer about the origin of sex in early eukaryotes?
Authors: Speijer Dave 
Published: September 2016

Current analysis shows that the last eukaryotic common ancestor (LECA) was capable of full meiotic sex. The original eukaryotic life cycle can probably be described as clonal, interrupted by episodic sex triggered by external or internal stressors. The cycle could have started in a highly flexible form, with the interruption of either diploid or haploid clonal growth determined by stress signals only. Eukaryotic sex most likely evolved in response to a high mutation rate, arising from the uptake of the endosymbiont, as this (proto) mitochondrion generated internal reactive oxygen species. This is consistent with the likely development of full meiotic sex from a diverse set of existing archaeal (the host of the endosymbiont) repair and signalling mechanisms. Meiotic sex could thus have been one of the fruits of symbiogenesis at the basis of eukaryotic origins: a product of the merger by which eukaryotic cells arose. Symbiogenesis also explains the large-scale migration of organellar DNA to the nucleus. I also discuss aspects of uniparental mitochondrial inheritance and mitonuclear interactions in the light of the previous analysis.This article is part of the themed issue ‘Weird sex: the underappreciated diversity of sexual reproduction’.
Unholy marriages and eternal triangles: how competition in the mushroom life cycle can lead to genomic conflict
Authors: Vreeburg Sabine , Nygren Kristiina , Aanen Duur K. 
Published: September 2016

In the vast majority of sexual life cycles, fusion between single-celled gametes is directly followed by nuclear fusion, leading to a diploid zygote and a lifelong commitment between two haploid genomes. Mushroom-forming basidiomycetes differ in two key respects. First, the multicellular haploid mating partners are fertilized in their entirety, each cell being a gamete that simultaneously can behave as a female, i.e. contributing the cytoplasm to a zygote by accepting nuclei, and a male gamete, i.e. only donating nuclei to the zygote. Second, after gamete union, the two haploid genomes remain separate so that the main vegetative stage, the dikaryon, has two haploid nuclei per cell. Only when the dikaryon produces mushrooms, do the nuclei fuse to enter a short diploid stage, immediately followed by meiosis and haploid spore formation. So in basidiomycetes, gamete fusion and genome mixing (sex) are separated in time. The ‘living apart together’ of nuclei in the dikaryon maintains some autonomy for nuclei to engage in a relationship with a different nucleus. We show that competition among the two nuclei of the dikaryon for such ‘extramarital affairs’ may lead to genomic conflict by favouring genes beneficial at the level of the nucleus, but deleterious at that of the dikaryon.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Weird sex: the underappreciated diversity of sexual reproduction’.
Androgenesis: where males hijack eggs to clone themselves
Authors: Schwander Tanja , Oldroyd Benjamin P. 
Published: September 2016

Androgenesis is a form of quasi-sexual reproduction in which a male is the sole source of the nuclear genetic material in the embryo. Two types of androgenesis occur in nature. Under the first type, females produce eggs without a nucleus and the embryo develops from the male gamete following fertilization. Evolution of this type of androgenesis is poorly understood as the parent responsible for androgenesis (the mother) gains no benefit from it. Ultimate factors driving the evolution of the second type of androgenesis are better understood. In this case, a zygote is formed between a male and a female gamete, but the female genome is eliminated. When rare, androgenesis with genome elimination is favoured because an androgenesis-determining allele has twice the reproductive success of an allele that determines sexual reproduction. Paradoxically, except in hermaphrodites, a successful androgenetic strain can drive such a male-biased sex ratio that the population goes extinct. This likely explains why androgenesis with genome elimination appears to be rarer than androgenesis via non-nucleate eggs, although both forms are either very rare or remain largely undetected in nature. Nonetheless, some highly invasive species including ants and freshwater clams are androgenetic, for reasons that are largely unexplained.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Weird sex: the underappreciated diversity of sexual reproduction’.
What does the geography of parthenogenesis teach us about sex?
Authors: Tilquin Anaïs , Kokko Hanna 
Published: September 2016

Theory predicts that sexual reproduction is difficult to maintain if asexuality is an option, yet sex is very common. To understand why, it is important to pay attention to repeatably occurring conditions that favour transitions to, or persistence of, asexuality. Geographic parthenogenesis is a term that has been applied to describe a large variety of patterns where sexual and related asexual forms differ in their geographic distribution. Often asexuality is stated to occur in a habitat that is, in some sense, marginal, but the interpretation differs across studies: parthenogens might not only predominate near the margin of the sexuals' distribution, but might also extend far beyond the sexual range; they may be disproportionately found in newly colonizable areas (e.g. areas previously glaciated), or in habitats where abiotic selection pressures are relatively stronger than biotic ones (e.g. cold, dry). Here, we review the various patterns proposed in the literature, the hypotheses put forward to explain them, and the assumptions they rely on. Surprisingly, few mathematical models consider geographic parthenogenesis as their focal question, but all models for the evolution of sex could be evaluated in this framework if the (often ecological) causal factors vary predictably with geography. We also recommend broadening the taxa studied beyond the traditional favourites.This article is part of the themed issue ‘Weird sex: the underappreciated diversity of sexual reproduction’.
Fast algorithm for determining orientations using angular correlation functions and Bayesian statistics
Authors: Huang Lanqing , Liu Haiguang 
Published: September 2016

AbstractCryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) method achieved revolutionary improvement in the past a few years, yet the orientation recovery for each particle remains computational challenging. Orientation determination can be solved using Bayesian approach, through which a model can be constructed to best match a whole set of experimental projections at their ‘correct orientations’. Without considering the centering of each particle projection, there are three degrees of freedoms (three Euler angles) that need to be fixed, usually resulting a computational complexityO(n3) wherenis the number of discretization for each rotation angle. Here, we propose a method based on Maximum Likelihood approach with angular auto-correlation function of each projection, which is utilized to decouple the determination of three Euler angles to stepwise determination of two Euler angles and the subsequent third angle, the in-plane rotation. This approach reduces computational complexity fromO(n3) toO(n2). Using simulation data, the accuracy and speed of the method is compared with the original maximum likelihood approach. We also investigated the impact of noise to the performance of this proposed method.
Cooperation and information sharing in institutional food chains
Authors: Evensen Kjersti Berge , Hansen Håvard 
Published: September 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate integrative practices within institutional food chains with special emphasis on cooperation and information sharing.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative approach was applied, based on 17 in-depth interviews with staff from four different institutions. The data collection and analysis were guided by constructivist grounded theory.FindingsIn summary, the authors find that: low differentiation lead to a high level of service variability at the satellite kitchens, high level of optimizing behavior lead to a high level of service variability, there is a positive relationship between food task involvement and access to the information being shared, there is a positive relationship between food task involvement and participation in cooperation activities and when the physical distance between stages in the chain increases, the information sharing will deteriorate.Research limitations/implicationsTo empirically generalize the findings, this first qualitative study should be followed up by a quantitative study.Practical implicationsBased on the findings, the authors suggest that the chains would benefit from improving the interfaces between front line employees, and share information more extensively. The location of the central kitchen seems to influence information sharing across stages in the food chains.Originality/valueTo the authors’ knowledge this is the first study that examines cooperation and information sharing practices within institutional food chains.
Segmentation of Chinese parents based on food risk perception dimensions for risk communication in rural area of Sichuan province
Authors: Li Jiajie , Li Nan , Luo Lang , Ren Yanan 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate risk dimensions affecting food risk perceptions and to develop effective risk communication strategies based on their risk perceptions dimensions. The reason for writing this paper is that applying single risk communication strategy for public often fails because food risks are systemic risks and public perceptions toward them consist of multiple dimensions. Launching an effective risk communication need to investigate the perception dimensions of the target audience.

Design/methodology/approach
A total of 2,673 parents of 3-14-year-old children from the rural area of Sichuan province in China were chosen as target audience. Based on the survey conducted about parents’ food risk perceptions, this study used factor-cluster analysis method to segment parents to sub-clusters with significantly different risk perception dimensions. Parents’ representative demographic characteristics within each cluster were further identified through cross-tabs analysis with χ2 tests.

Findings
All the parents could be segmented into four sub-clusters, namely, sensitive parents, dependent parents, familiarity-oriented parents and institutional distrust parents, according to their risk perception difference on five dimensions. A series of risk communication strategies were specifically designed for each cluster based on their risk perception features as well as demographic characteristics.

Originality/value
The insight derived from this study described a deeper image of public risk perceptions and provided suggestions for risk communication launchers to pinpoint the risk perception as well as perception dimensions of the target audience and accordingly develop effective risk communication strategies.