bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Probabilistic precipitation and temperature downscaling of the Twentieth Century Reanalysis over France
Authors: Caillouet Laurie , Vidal Jean-Philippe , Sauquet Eric , Graff Benjamin 
Published: March 2016

Abstract. This work proposes a daily high-resolution probabilistic reconstruction of precipitation and temperature fields in France over the 1871–2012 period built on the NOAA Twentieth Century global extended atmospheric reanalysis (20CR). The objective is to fill in the spatial and temporal data gaps in surface observations in order to improve our knowledge on the local-scale climate variability from the late nineteenth century onwards. The SANDHY (Stepwise ANalogue Downscaling method for HYdrology) statistical downscaling method, initially developed for quantitative precipitation forecast, is used here to bridge the scale gap between large-scale 20CR predictors and local-scale predictands from the Safran high-resolution near-surface reanalysis, available from 1958 onwards only. SANDHY provides a daily ensemble of 125 analogue dates over the 1871–2012 period for 608 climatically homogeneous zones paving France. Large precipitation biases in intermediary seasons are shown to occur in regions with high seasonal asymmetry like the Mediterranean. Moreover, winter and summer temperatures are respectively over- and under-estimated over the whole of France. Two analogue subselection methods are therefore developed with the aim of keeping the structure of the SANDHY method unchanged while reducing those seasonal biases. The calendar selection keeps the analogues closest to the target calendar day. The stepwise selection applies two new analogy steps based on similarity of the sea surface temperature (SST) and the large-scale 2 m temperature (T). Comparisons to the Safran reanalysis over 1959–2007 and to homogenized series over the whole twentieth century show that biases in the interannual cycle of precipitation and temperature are reduced with both methods. The stepwise subselection moreover leads to a large improvement of interannual correlation and reduction of errors in seasonal temperature time series. When the calendar subselection is an easily applicable method suitable in a quantitative precipitation forecast context, the stepwise subselection method allows for potential season shifts and SST trends and is therefore better suited for climate reconstructions and climate change studies. The probabilistic downscaling of 20CR over the period 1871–2012 with the SANDHY probabilistic downscaling method combined with the stepwise subselection thus constitutes a perfect framework for assessing the recent observed meteorological events but also future events projected by climate change impact studies and putting them in a historical perspective.
Boulder accumulations related to extreme wave events on the eastern coast of Malta
Authors: Biolchi Sara , Furlani Stefano , Antonioli Fabrizio , Baldassini Niccoló , Causon Deguara Joanna , Devoto Stefano , Di Stefano Agata , Evans Julian , Gambin Timothy , Gauci Ritienne , Mastronuzzi Giuseppe , Monaco Carmelo , Scicchitano Giovanni 
Published: March 2016

Abstract. The accumulation of large boulders related to waves generated by either tsunamis or extreme storm events have been observed in different areas of the Mediterranean Sea. Along the eastern low-lying rocky coasts of Malta, five sites with large boulder deposits have been investigated, measured and mapped. These boulders have been detached and moved from the nearshore and the lowest parts of the coast by sea wave action. In the Sicily–Malta channel, heavy storms are common and originate from the NE and NW winds. Conversely, few tsunamis have been recorded in historical documents to have reached the Maltese archipelago. We present a multi-disciplinary study, which aims to define the characteristics of these boulder accumulations, in order to assess the coastal geo-hazard implications triggered by the sheer ability of extreme waves to detach and move large rocky blocks inland. The wave heights required to transport 77 coastal boulders were calculated using various hydrodynamic equations. Particular attention was given to the quantification of the input parameters required in the workings of these equations, such as size, density and distance from the coast. In addition, accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) 14C ages were determined from selected samples of marine organisms encrusted on some of the coastal boulders. The combination of the results obtained both by the hydrodynamic equations, which provided values comparable with those observed and measured during the storms, and radiocarbon dating suggests that the majority of the boulders have been detached and moved by intense storm waves. These boulders testify to the existence of a real hazard for the coasts of Malta, i.e. that of very high storm waves, which, during exceptional storms, are able to detach large blocks of volumes exceeding 10 m3 from the coastal edge and the nearshore bottom, and also to transport them inland. Nevertheless, the occurrence of one or more tsunami events cannot be ruled out, since radiocarbon dating of some marine organisms did reveal ages which may be related to historically known tsunamis in the Mediterranean region, such as the ones in AD 963, 1329, 1693 and 1743.
Estimating ice albedo from fine debris cover quantified by a semi-automatic method: the case study of Forni Glacier, Italian Alps
Authors: Azzoni Roberto Sergio , Senese Antonella , Zerboni Andrea , Maugeri Maurizio , Smiraglia Claudio , Diolaiuti Guglielmina Adele 
Published: March 2016

Abstract. In spite of the quite abundant literature focusing on fine debris deposition over glacier accumulation areas, less attention has been paid to the glacier melting surface. Accordingly, we proposed a novel method based on semi-automatic image analysis to estimate ice albedo from fine debris coverage (d). Our procedure was tested on the surface of a wide Alpine valley glacier (the Forni Glacier, Italy), in summer 2011, 2012 and 2013, acquiring parallel data sets of in situ measurements of ice albedo and high-resolution surface images. Analysis of 51 images yielded d values ranging from 0.01 to 0.63 and albedo was found to vary from 0.06 to 0.32. The estimated d values are in a linear relation with the natural logarithm of measured ice albedo (R  =  −0.84). The robustness of our approach in evaluating d was analyzed through five sensitivity tests, and we found that it is largely replicable. On the Forni Glacier, we also quantified a mean debris coverage rate (Cr) equal to 6 g m−2 per day during the ablation season of 2013, thus supporting previous studies that describe ongoing darkening phenomena at Alpine debris-free glaciers surface. In addition to debris coverage, we also considered the impact of water (both from melt and rainfall) as a factor that tunes albedo: meltwater occurs during the central hours of the day, decreasing the albedo due to its lower reflectivity; instead, rainfall causes a subsequent mean daily albedo increase slightly higher than 20 %, although it is short-lasting (from 1 to 4 days).
Research on the Radical Innovation of C2M Business Model—A Case Study on Redcollar MTM Men’s Suits in China
Authors: Zhou Yingfen , Xu Ming , Di Rong 
Published: March 2016

<p class="AbstractWCCM"><span lang="EN-US">For recently years, with the deep integration of informatization and industrialization, traditional manufacturing industries in China have been investigating for the road of transformation and upgrading. A Chinese garment enterprise, named Redcollar Group of China, has successfully transformed and upgraded to high-tech industry with high value added from labor-intensive industry. It is very important to explore the reason, method and business model it has created so as to provide some beneficial advice to China’s traditional manufactures. In this case study, indirect research, field research, comparison research and customers’ experience methods have been used. As a result, it is found that the enterprise has successfully created a C2M business mode of men's custom suits and has succeeded in producing customization suits with large-scale production efficiency. Being the first factory in the world by using industrialization measures to produce thoroughly customized men’s suits, the Redcollar’s C2M model is the revolutionary and disruptive radical innovation which breaks through the traditional suits making, the traditional clothing manufacturing model, the value perception of traditional manufacturing industry and the existing business regulations. </span></p>
Chronic fatigue syndrome
Authors: Craig Timothy J , Kakumanu Sujani , Yeager Michael 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The chronic fatigue syndrome is an illness of unknown etiology characterized by severe fatigue, myalgias, lymphadenopathy, arthralgias, chills, fevers, and postexertional malaise. Recognizing chronic fatigue syndrome is primarily a method of exclusionwith no definitive diagnostic test or physical findings. As research continues to delve into the many possible etiologic agents for chronic fatigue syndrome-infectious, immunologic, neurologic, or psychiatric alone or in combination- the answer remains elusive. What is known is that chronic fatigue syndrome is a heterogeneous disorder very possibly involving an interaction of biological systems. Therefore, chronic fatigue syndrome may describe a large subset of patients, each exhibiting unique symptoms and serologic profiles dependent on the nature of the onset of illness and the genetic profile of individual patients.
Asthma and gastroesophageal reflux
Authors: Hinsel Tina M , Bielefeldt Klaus , Joss Jacqueline D 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Gastroesophageal reflux and asthma are common diseases in the developed world, and they often coexist in patients. Animal experiments, epidemiologic data, and clinical studies suggest that gastroesophageal reflux may contribute to the pathogenesis of asthma. In addition to classic reflux symptoms, such patients may notice nightly exacerbations of asthma or postprandial worsening of their pulmonary symptoms. Empiric treatment with an acid-suppressive regimen is the most cost-effective approach for asthmatic patients with classic gastroesophageal reflux symptoms, especially if the asthma remains poorly controlled despite conventional treatment. If patients have persistent problems after an adequate duration of acid-suppressive therapy or if they report symptoms indicating complicated reflux disease, such as dysphagia, additional diagnostic studies should be initiated. In most cases, medical therapy should be chosen for the long-term treatment of patients with asthma and gastroesophageal reflux. With the availability of less-invasive laparoscopic surgery, fundoplication may be an alternative in selected, mostly young individuals who have documented reflux and symptoms responsive to appropriate acid-suppressive regimens.
Herbal products and supplemental nutrients used in the management of diabetes
Authors: Mozersky Robert P 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
As companies, including large pharmaceutical houses, try to market supplemental nutrients and herbal products to ever-increasing numbers of consumers, diabetics will start to approach their physicians about these alternative remedies. A whole new industry know as "neutraceuticals" has evolved. This new industry is a combination of the vitamin supplement and herbal industries trying to work with regulatory agents to develop good manufacturing processes to ensure that consumers obtain good products. In fact, some diabetics may be taking herbal or nutritional supplements without their physician's knowledge. Therefore, it is important to query diabetic patients at least once a year as to whether they are using any herbal or nutritional products. Once it is determined that a patient is using these products, physicians must decide if they or someone else should address the issue of taking these products. Physicians who have a good comfort level with herbal products by all means should recommend them to their patients. If such a comfort level is lacking or low, patients can be referred for a consultation on the use of supplements or told that information will be forwarded to them after contact is made with someone who has knowledge of diabetes and use of appropriate supplements. This article reviews nine nutrient and herbal remedies commonly used for diabetes to facilitate such patient education.
Amnesty International
Authors: Waltz Susan 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Founded in 1961, Amnesty International (AI) is the world's largest human rights organization as reflected by membership figures, geographic presence, and annual budget. In many ways AI is an archetype of the transnational social movements that flourished in the late twentieth century. More than two million individuals linked to internationally chartered local units work collaboratively across national borders to promote and protect human rights as elaborated in a commonly agreed set of objectives. For many decades AI conducted research and developed centralized campaign strategies from its International Secretariat in London. In 2013, however, AI commenced the most far‐reaching organizational restructuring in its history, relocating most of its research, campaign, and communications work to regional hubs. The organization's advocacy work continues to be done mainly by AI entities organized at the local and national levels. AI is distinguished from other international human rights organizations by its historical focus on individual cases, its democratic decision‐making structure, and the worldwide presence of its organizational and operational structures.
Bologna Process
Authors: Münch Richard 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn 1999 the ministers of education from 29 European countries met at the University of Bologna, Italy, and decided to create a common European space of higher education. By 2015, 48 countries were included in this process. In 2001 the European Commission, advocating the advancement of European integration, joined this bold project. Bologna stands for the medieval tradition of scholars and students wandering about and exchanging ideas across Europe. This small elite, communicating in Latin as its common language, pioneered in creating a first European space of higher education. The universities affiliated to each other across Europe were the centers of the emerging European culture, which was based on the rediscovery of Hellenistic philosophy and Roman law.
Film festivals
Authors: Vogel Anne 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Film festivals are events produced by organizations to temporarily showcase movies. The events are typically performed on an annual or biannual schedule and last anywhere from a weekend to two weeks. By majority, film festivals showcase movies that never get theatrical distribution. They therefore have an important function in cultural expression, artist support, and cultural heritage. While having the common goal of celebrating cinema as an art form and showing new and old movies, often framed by related events such as seminars and conferences, the organizational population is highly diverse when it comes to program content, movie formats, movie genre, resources, and organizationally produced effects. Researchers observing this population have found festivals to cluster on two poles: the first pole is the relatively well funded event with international programs and a variety of movie types on display, as well as a capacity to attract celebrities and crowds. The other type is the smaller, often specialized and community rather than cultural‐policy related program of a festival event, which caters mainly to the artist and the cinema‐loving public.
Global futures
Authors: Patomäki Heikki 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe measure time and coordinate our activities in terms of mechanical movements of clocks (seconds and minutes and fractions of these) and in terms of the rotation of the Earth (days) or its orbit around the sun (a year). However, these constant and repetitious movements do not constitute time. They are just particular rhythmics amongst numerous ongoing causal processes. The present is not a point on a line but an indefinite boundary state of a causal process.
Landscapes
Authors: Puleo Thomas 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
A landscape is an assemblage of matter and meaning in space either as an actual object on the surface of the Earth or as a representation of it. As influenced by Dutch landscape painters of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, the term came to mean the scenic aspect of an area, particularly as it was viewed from a single vantage point. In a global context, landscapes are the functional and symbolic sites of agglomerated economic, political, social, cultural, historical, technological, and environmental phenomena that materially and figuratively mediate global processes.
Peace
Authors: Iskajyan Mariam , Lynch Cecelia 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPeace is a composite term that connotes a range of political conditions from the absence of war to the institutionalization of social justice and/or cosmopolitan ethics. Peace is frequently theorized primarily as the absence of war between political units in international relations and diplomatic studies (negative peace), whereas philosophers and social theorists debate the social, economic, and ethical prerequisites for lasting conditions of peace (positive peace). Social and economic prerequisites may be conceptualized as forms of wealth distribution that result in economic justice. Ethical prerequisites are often conceptualized as necessitating one of many forms of cosmopolitanism, such as respect for human rights. These prerequisites are extremely difficult to achieve in a pluralist world. While peace defined as the absence of war frequently occurs, most theorists and observers would not claim that the conditions of lasting peace, including social justice and agreement on ethics, has ever been achieved. Yet twentieth and twenty‐first century global international organizations have attempted to provide a framework within which to do so.
One–step sonochemical irradiation dependent shape controlled crystal growth study of gold nano/microplates with high catalytic activity in degradation of dyes
Authors: Bhosale Manohar A. , Chenna Divya R. , Bhanage Bhalchandra M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA simple, one‐step, low cost and green approach for the sonochemical development of shape controlled triangular and hexagonal gold (Au) nano and microplates in aqueous medium with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at room temperature has been outlined. DMSO acts as reducing as well as stabilizing agent in the presence of sonication energy. Effect of sonication irradiation time on the morphology of the Au nanostructures has been studied. Further, reaction conditions for shape selective Au nano/microplates with maximum yield under sonication at room temperature were optimized. The detailed study reveals that a short span of time (40 min) is sufficient to obtain triangular and hexagonal Au nano/ microplates with sharp edges having angles 60o and 120o respectively. The catalytic activity of the prepared Au nano/microplates was tested for degradation of dyes like methyl red (MR) and methylene blue (MB). The Au nano/microplates show excellent catalytic activity towards complete degradation of dyes within few minutes.
Trajectories of dating violence: Differences by sexual minority status and gender
Authors: Martin‐Storey Alexa , Fromme Kim 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to examine how sexual minority status (as assessed using both identity and behavior) was associated with trajectories of dating violence. University students from a large Southwestern university completed questions on their sexual minority identity, the gender of their sexual partners, and about experiences of dating violence for six consecutive semesters (N = 1942). Latent growth curve modeling indicated that generally, trajectories of dating violence were stable across study participation. Sexual minority identity was associated with higher initial levels of dating violence at baseline, but also with greater decreases in dating violence across time. These differences were mediated by number of sexual partners. Having same and other‐sex sexual partners was associated with higher levels of dating violence at baseline, and persisted in being associated with higher levels over time. No significant gender difference was observed regarding trajectories of dating violence.
Effect of Focal Muscle Vibration on Calf Muscle Spasticity: A Proof‐of‐Concept Study
Authors: Seo Han Gil , Oh Byung‐Mo , Leigh Ja‐Ho , Chun Changmook , Park Cheol , Kim Choong Hyun 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundFocal vibration has been studied for its ability to reduce spasticity in patients with upper motor neuron lesions, but adequate stimulation parameters remain unclear. Focal muscle vibration with adequate parameters may facilitate gait rehabilitation in patients with lower limb spasticity.ObjectiveTo determine focal muscle vibration parameters that effectively inhibit the H‐reflex of the gastrocnemius in healthy subjects.DesignA proof‐of‐concept exploratory study.SettingUniversity hospital laboratory.SubjectsThirteen healthy volunteers.MethodsFocal muscle vibrations of 40, 80, and 120 Hz and amplitudes of 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 mm were tested on the calf muscles of 10 healthy subjects, respectively. The H‐reflex and M‐response were recorded baseline, during vibration, and after vibration for each stimulation parameter. The mean vibratory inhibition index (VII) during vibration, the maximum amplitude of the H‐reflex and M‐response (Hmax and Mmax), minimal onset latency of the H‐reflex, and the ratio of Hmax to Mmax (HMR) at each time point were measured.ResultsNo significant difference was found among mean VIIs at 40, 80, and 120 Hz in the healthy subjects. However, a relatively consistent reduction of Hmax and HMR was observed at 80 Hz. Mean VIIs at 0.3 and 0.5 mm were significantly lower than that at 0.1 mm (P < .001).ConclusionThis study suggests that focal muscle vibration may be an adjuvant therapy during gait rehabilitation in patients with calf muscle spasticity. Focal vibration at 80 Hz and 0.3 mm amplitude applied to the gastrocnemius effectively inhibits the segmental reflex pathway. A future clinical trial on this topic is warranted.Level of EvidenceII
Imaging septaria geobody in the Boom Clay using a Q-compensated reverse-time migration
Authors: Carcione J.M. , Zhu T. , Picotti S. , Gei D. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe Boom Clay is being investigated as a host rock for disposal purposes of radioactive wastes. Although the formation is relatively uniform and homogeneous, there are embedded septaria bodies (carbonates) or layers of septaria that may constitute a problem regarding the integrity of the clay. It is therefore essential to locate these geobodies, particularly with seismic experiments. Since the medium shows strong attenuation it is necessary to correct for this amplitude loss if true amplitudes of the reflections are required when imaging these bodies after the stack. To achieve this task, we implement a reverse-time migration algorithm based on a dispersionless anelastic rheology, that is, the phase velocity and attenuation factor are frequency independent, and back-propagation is performed with a negative quality factor, Q. The algorithm is tested on synthetic data. For this we assume that the septaria are diffractors generating waves synchronously to simulate a stacked seismic section, that is, the result of an exploding-reflector experiment. In this case, back-propagation is stopped when all the diffraction points are imaged at the same time. The examples consider layers of septaria and isolated septaria embedded in homogeneous and inhomogeneous Boom Clay with zones of low Q. The amplitude of the geobodies is recovered and the resolution is improved, even in the presence of noise.