bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure of the Ebola virus glycoprotein spike within the virion envelope at 11 Å resolution
Authors: Beniac Daniel R. , Booth Timothy F. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe present the structure of the surface Ebola virus (EBOV) trimeric glycoprotein (GP) spike at 11 Å resolution, in situ within the viral plasma membrane of purified virus particles. GP functions in cellular attachment, endosomal entry, and membrane fusion to initiate infection, and is a key therapeutic target. Nevertheless, only about half of the GP molecule has yet been solved to atomic resolution, excluding the mucin-like and transmembrane domains, and some of the glycans. Fitting of the atomic resolution X-ray data from expressed, truncated deletion constructs within our 11 Å structure of the entire molecule demonstrates the relationship between the GP1-GP2 domains, the mucin-like and transmembrane domains, and the bilaminar lipid envelope. We show that the mucin-like domain covers the glycan cap and partially occludes the receptor binding sites prior to proteolytic cleavage. Our structure is also consistent with key antibody neutralisation sites on GP being accessible prior to proteolysis. Based on the findings of us and others, GP-mediated binding may create an angle of 18 degrees between the planes of viral and endosomal membranes.
Size-dependent magnetic tuning of lateral photovoltaic effect in nonmagnetic Si-based Schottky junctions
Authors: Zhou Peiqi , Gan Zhikai , Huang Xu , Mei Chunlian , Xia Yuxing , Wang Hui 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn this article, we report a magnetic tuning lateral photovoltaic effect (LPE) in a nonmagnetic Si-based Schottky junctions. In the magnetic field intensity range of 0 to 1.6 T, the variation amplitude of LPE sensitivity is as high as 94.8%, the change of LPV is and the change rate of lateral photo-voltage even reaches 520 mV/T at 1.5 T, which is apparently higher than the results of previous reported researches in magnetic materials. This effect is attributed to the combined result of the influence of magnetic field on diffusion current and the rectification property of our anisotropic structure. This work may expand the application of LPE in magnetism field such as magnetic sensor and magnetoresistance, and it suggests a new way to investigate the carrier transport in Schottky junctions under magnetic field.
The connectomes of males and females with autism spectrum disorder have significantly different white matter connectivity densities
Authors: Irimia Andrei , Torgerson Carinna M. , Jacokes Zachary J. , Van Horn John D. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) encompasses a set of neurodevelopmental conditions whose striking sex-related disparity (with an estimated male-to-female ratio of 4:1) remains unknown. Here we use magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) to identify the brain structure correlates of the sex-by-ASD diagnosis interaction in a carefully selected cohort of 110 ASD patients (55 females) and 83 typically-developing (TD) subjects (40 females). The interaction was found to be predicated primarily upon white matter connectivity density innervating, bilaterally, the lateral aspect of the temporal lobe, the temporo-parieto-occipital junction and the medial parietal lobe. By contrast, regional gray matter (GM) thickness and volume are not found to modulate this interaction significantly. When interpreted in the context of previous studies, our findings add considerable weight to three long-standing hypotheses according to which the sex disparity of ASD incidence is (A) due to WM connectivity rather than to GM differences, (B) modulated to a large extent by temporoparietal connectivity, and (C) accompanied by brain function differences driven by these effects. Our results contribute substantially to the task of unraveling the biological mechanisms giving rise to the sex disparity in ASD incidence, whose clinical implications are significant.
Subtypes of physical frailty: Latent class analysis and associations with clinical characteristics and outcomes
Authors: Liu Li-Kuo , Guo Chao-Yu , Lee Wei-Ju , Chen Liang-Yu , Hwang An-Chun , Lin Ming-Hsien , Peng Li-Ning , Chen Liang-Kung , Liang Kung-Yee 
Published: April 2017

AbstractFrailty is a well-recognized geriatric syndrome with various definitions and conceptual frameworks. This study aimed to use latent class analysis to discover potential subtypes of pre-frail and frail older people. Data from the I-Lan Longitudinal Aging Study (ILAS), a community-based cohort study was used for analysis. Latent class analysis was applied to characterize classes or subgroups with different frailty phenotypes among ILAS participants targeting older adults aged 65 and above, capable of completing a 6-meter walk, without severe major or life threatening diseases, and not institutionalized. Latent class analysis identified three distinct subgroups with different frailty phenotypes: non-mobility-type (weight loss and exhaustion), mobility-type frailty (slowness and weakness), and low physical activity. Comparing these groups with the robust group, people with mobility-type frailty had poorer body composition, worse bone health, poorer cognitive function, lower survival (hazard ratio: 6.82, p = 0.019), and poorer overall health outcomes (hazard ratio: 1.67, p = 0.040). People in the non-mobility-type group had poorer bone health and more metabolic serum abnormalities. In conclusion, mobility-type frailty was a better predictor of adverse outcomes. However, further investigation is needed to evaluate how these phenotypic subgroups may help in predicting prognosis or in developing interventions.
Animal models to improve our understanding and treatment of suicidal behavior
Authors: Gould T D , Georgiou P , Brenner L A , Brundin L , Can A , Courtet P , Donaldson Z R , Dwivedi Y , Guillaume S , Gottesman I I , Kanekar S , Lowry C A , Renshaw P F , Rujescu D , Smith E G , Turecki G , Zanos P , Zarate C A , Zunszain P A , Postolache T T 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWorldwide, suicide is a leading cause of death. Although a sizable proportion of deaths by suicide may be preventable, it is well documented that despite major governmental and international investments in research, education and clinical practice suicide rates have not diminished and are even increasing among several at-risk populations. Although nonhuman animals do not engage in suicidal behavior amenable to translational studies, we argue that animal model systems are necessary to investigate candidate endophenotypes of suicidal behavior and the neurobiology underlying these endophenotypes. Animal models are similarly a critical resource to help delineate treatment targets and pharmacological means to improve our ability to manage the risk of suicide. In particular, certain pathophysiological pathways to suicidal behavior, including stress and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis dysfunction, neurotransmitter system abnormalities, endocrine and neuroimmune changes, aggression, impulsivity and decision-making deficits, as well as the role of critical interactions between genetic and epigenetic factors, development and environmental risk factors can be modeled in laboratory animals. We broadly describe human biological findings, as well as protective effects of medications such as lithium, clozapine, and ketamine associated with modifying risk of engaging in suicidal behavior that are readily translatable to animal models. Endophenotypes of suicidal behavior, studied in animal models, are further useful for moving observed associations with harmful environmental factors (for example, childhood adversity, mechanical trauma aeroallergens, pathogens, inflammation triggers) from association to causation, and developing preventative strategies. Further study in animals will contribute to a more informed, comprehensive, accelerated and ultimately impactful suicide research portfolio.
Two subgroups of antipsychotic-naive, first-episode schizophrenia patients identified with a Gaussian mixture model on cognition and electrophysiology
Authors: Bak N , Ebdrup B H , Oranje B , Fagerlund B , Jensen M H , Düring S W , Nielsen M Ø , Glenthøj B Y , Hansen L K 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDeficits in information processing and cognition are among the most robust findings in schizophrenia patients. Previous efforts to translate group-level deficits into clinically relevant and individualized information have, however, been non-successful, which is possibly explained by biologically different disease subgroups. We applied machine learning algorithms on measures of electrophysiology and cognition to identify potential subgroups of schizophrenia. Next, we explored subgroup differences regarding treatment response. Sixty-six antipsychotic-naive first-episode schizophrenia patients and sixty-five healthy controls underwent extensive electrophysiological and neurocognitive test batteries. Patients were assessed on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) before and after 6 weeks of monotherapy with the relatively selective D2 receptor antagonist, amisulpride (280.3±159 mg per day). A reduced principal component space based on 19 electrophysiological variables and 26 cognitive variables was used as input for a Gaussian mixture model to identify subgroups of patients. With support vector machines, we explored the relation between PANSS subscores and the identified subgroups. We identified two statistically distinct subgroups of patients. We found no significant baseline psychopathological differences between these subgroups, but the effect of treatment in the groups was predicted with an accuracy of 74.3% (P=0.003). In conclusion, electrophysiology and cognition data may be used to classify subgroups of schizophrenia patients. The two distinct subgroups, which we identified, were psychopathologically inseparable before treatment, yet their response to dopaminergic blockade was predicted with significant accuracy. This proof of principle encourages further endeavors to apply data-driven, multivariate and multimodal models to facilitate progress from symptom-based psychiatry toward individualized treatment regimens.
Sex differences in frontal lobe connectivity in adults with autism spectrum conditions
Authors: Zeestraten E A , Gudbrandsen M C , Daly E , de Schotten M T , Catani M , Dell'Acqua F , Lai M-C , Ruigrok A N V , Lombardo M V , Chakrabarti B , Baron-Cohen S , Ecker C ,   MRC AIMS Consortium, Bailey Anthony J , Baron-Cohen Simon , Bolton Patrick F , Bullmore Edward T , Carrington Sarah , Catani Marco , Chakrabarti Bhismadev , Craig Michael C , Daly Eileen M , Deoni Sean C L , Ecker Christine , Happé Francesca , Henty Julian , Jezzard Peter , Johnston Patrick , Jones Derek K , Lai Meng-Chuan , Lombardo Michael V , Madden Anya , Mullins Diane , Murphy Clodagh M , Murphy Declan G M , Pasco Greg , Ruigrok Amber N V , Sadek Susan A , Spain Debbie , Stewart Rose , Suckling John , Wheelwright Sally J , Williams Steven C , Wilson C Ellie , Murphy D G M , Craig M C 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAutism spectrum conditions (ASC) are more prevalent in males than females. The biological basis of this difference remains unclear. It has been postulated that one of the primary causes of ASC is a partial disconnection of the frontal lobe from higher-order association areas during development (that is, a frontal ‘disconnection syndrome’). Therefore, in the current study we investigated whether frontal connectivity differs between males and females with ASC. We recruited 98 adults with a confirmed high-functioning ASC diagnosis (61 males: aged 18–41 years; 37 females: aged 18–37 years) and 115 neurotypical controls (61 males: aged 18–45 years; 54 females: aged 18–52 years). Current ASC symptoms were evaluated using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS). Diffusion tensor imaging was performed and fractional anisotropy (FA) maps were created. Mean FA values were determined for five frontal fiber bundles and two non-frontal fiber tracts. Between-group differences in mean tract FA, as well as sex-by-diagnosis interactions were assessed. Additional analyses including ADOS scores informed us on the influence of current ASC symptom severity on frontal connectivity. We found that males with ASC had higher scores of current symptom severity than females, and had significantly lower mean FA values for all but one tract compared to controls. No differences were found between females with or without ASC. Significant sex-by-diagnosis effects were limited to the frontal tracts. Taking current ASC symptom severity scores into account did not alter the findings, although the observed power for these analyses varied. We suggest these findings of frontal connectivity abnormalities in males with ASC, but not in females with ASC, have the potential to inform us on some of the sex differences reported in the behavioral phenotype of ASC.
It's Rare So Be Aware: Pleuropulmonary Blastoma Mimicking Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation
Authors: Haider Fayza , Al Saad Khulood , Al-Hashimi Fatima , Al-Hashimi Hakima 
Published: April 2017

Pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) is a rare aggressive malignant tumor of infancy and early childhood. The tumor arises in the lung and pleura and is regarded as a pulmonary dysontogenetic or embryonic neoplasm. Four types are defined in literature. Type I PPB is a rare, cystic lung neoplasm in infants characterized by subtle malignant changes and a good prognosis. Recurrences after type I PPB are usually advanced with a poor prognosis.We report this case to increase awareness about this entity so that the pediatricians, pediatric surgeons, radiologist, and pathologist recognize it early.
Cementless Total Knee Arthroplasty in Patients Older Than 75 Years
Authors: Newman Jared , Khlopas Anton , Chughtai Morad , Gwam Chukwuweike , Mistry Jaydev , Yakubek George , Harwin Steven , Mont Michael 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSome surgeons have been hesitant to use cementless fixation for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in elderly patients due to concerns regarding successful bone biological fixation. Therefore, this study evaluated: (1) implant survivorship, (2) functional outcomes, (3) radiographic outcomes, and (4) complications in patients over 75 years of age who underwent cementless total knee arthroplasty. A total of 134 patients (142 TKAs) older than 75 years at a single institution between June 2008 and June 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Their mean follow-up was 4 years (range: 2–8 years). The cohort consisted of 91 women and 43 men who had a mean age of 80 years (range: 76 to 88 years). The preoperative diagnoses were osteoarthritis (n = 107 patients), rheumatoid arthritis (n = 21 patients), and osteonecrosis (n = 6 patients). Descriptive statistics were used to calculate the means and ranges and a Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to determine the aseptic and all cause implant survivorship. Radiographic evaluation was performed using the new Knee Society Radiographic Evaluation and Scoring System. Functional outcomes at the final follow-up as well as all medical and surgical complications were recorded for each patient. The aseptic implant survivorship was 99.3% (95% CI: 7.9–8.1), and the all cause implant survivorship was 98.6% (95% CI: 7.9–8.1). There was one aseptic revision and one septic revision. At the latest follow-up the mean Knee Society pain score was 93 points (range, 80–100 points), and the mean Knee Society function score was 84 points (range, 70–90 points). On radiographic evaluation, there were no progressive radiolucencies, subsidence, and loosening of prostheses at the latest follow-up. The use of cementless TKA demonstrated excellent survivorship, mid-term clinical and functional outcomes, as well as no progressive radiolucencies or subsidence in patients older than 75 years. In addition, there was a low rate of surgical and medical complications. Therefore, cementless TKA may be a good option for patients older than 75 years.
Markedly Improved Success Rate of Endoscopically Assisted Third Ventriculostomy Is Achieved by Routine Placement of External Lumbar Drain
Authors: Watkins Justen , Cabanne Marc , Miulli Dan 
Published: April 2017

AbstractHydrocephalus is a major cause of patient decreased quality of life and high health care financial burden in the United States and throughout the world. The placement of ventricular shunts (ventriculoperitoneal shunt) has proven to be a safe treatment for hydrocephalus, but it is associated with a high complication rate leading to a lower quality of life and continued financial burden for patients, their families, and society as a whole. The endoscopically assisted third ventriculostomy (ETV) has been practiced as an alternative to ventricular shunting since the 1990s. Success rates vary widely and there are many factors which contribute to the varying success rates. The ETV procedure has the potential to alleviate much of the overall quality of life issues and some of the financial burdens associated with hydrocephalus provided success rates can be increased and the procedure and management techniques are adopted more widely. Common techniques have been published in the past which report associated improvements in success rates amongst individual surgeons. Here, we report a novel perioperative technique and management strategy that displays a higher than reported success rate. Our methods and results show potential to significantly improve overall ETV success rates if reproduced and subsequently adopted widely. We retrospectively studied records of 24 adult patients with hydrocephalus who were treated with an ETV procedure. Routinely, we placed an external lumbar drain postoperatively which was continued for a minimum of 2 days. There was a 95.8% success rate at 30 days. The overall success rate was 83.3%. This is significantly higher than the average of the predicted success scores calculated by the ETV success scoring system (71.8%). It is also significantly higher than previous studies' reported ETV success rates in adults. We propose additional similar studies to be performed to test the reproducibility of increased success rates using our technique, ideally through a prospective, randomized, multicenter trial.
Aneurysmal Degeneration of the Brachial Artery after Vascular Access Creation: Surgical Treatment Results
Authors: Pinto Pedro , Veiga Carlos , Silva Ivone , Almeida Rui , Teixeira Sérgio 
Published: April 2017

AbstractTrue peripheral artery aneurysms proximal to a longstanding arteriovenous fistula is a well-recognized complication. Late aneurysmal degeneration is rare. This study analyzed the characteristics, therapeutic options, and outcomes of true donor brachial artery aneurysms (DBAA) after arteriovenous fistula (AVF) for hemodialysis. We retrospectively collected the data of patients with DBAA after AVF creation, surgically repaired between January 2001 and September 2015. We excluded patients with pseudoaneurysms, anastomotic aneurysms, and infected aneurysms. We recorded patient's demographics, type of access, aneurysm characteristics, symptoms, treatment, and follow-up. Ten patients were treated for aneurysmal degeneration of the brachial artery. Average aneurysm diameter was 37.5 mm. All cases had, at least, one previous distal AVF, ligated or thrombosed, at the time of diagnosis. The first access was created in mean 137 months before the diagnosis of DBAA. Nine patients had previous medical history of renal transplant and were under immunosuppressive therapy. All patients were symptomatic at the time of diagnosis. In all cases, the treatment was aneurysmectomy followed by interposition bypass. One patient developed a postoperative hematoma with the need of surgical drainage. At 50 months of follow-up, one patient was submitted to percutaneous angioplasty due to an anastomotic stenosis. No other complications occurred during the entire follow-up period (mean: 69 months). The pathogenesis underlying DBAA remains unclear. Increased blood flow after AVF creation, immunosuppressive therapy, and ligation/thrombosis of the AVF may contribute to aneurysm formation. Surgical treatment by aneurysmectomy and bypass, with autogenous conducts, is a safe and effective option.
Moderne Diagnostik und minimalinvasive Operationsmethoden bei Patienten mit schmerzhaftem Iliosakralgelenksyndrom
Authors: Bornemann Rahel , Pflugmacher Robert , Koch Ernst , Roessler Philip , Rommelspacher Yorck , Wirtz Dieter , Frey Sönke 
Published: April 2017

ZusammenfassungPathologische Veränderungen an den Iliosakralgelenken (ISG) müssen in bis zu 25% als Ursache einer schweren Schmerzsymptomatik im unteren Rückenbereich angesehen werden. Es wird eine sorgfältige differenzialdiagnostische Abklärung benötigt, um eine Fehlinterpretation der von den Patienten geäußerten Beschwerden zu vermeiden bzw. eine Arthropathie im Iliosakralgelenk zu identifizieren. Neben einer umfassenden Aufnahme der Anamnese bilden positive Resultate unterschiedlicher Provokationstests wichtige Anhaltspunkte für die richtige Diagnosestellung. Als vorrangiger Beleg für die definitive Diagnose und damit auch für eine Operationsempfehlung wird jedoch die Schmerzlinderung nach wiederholter intraartikulärer Injektion eines Lokalanästhetikums angesehen. Mithilfe konservativer Behandlungsmaßnahmen (Analgetika/Neuroleptika) und physikalischer Maßnahmen kann symptomatisch eine meist mäßige Besserung erreicht werden. Bei den operativen Maßnahmen zeigt sich eine deutliche Überlegenheit der minimalinvasiven Eingriffe gegenüber offenen, invasiveren operativen Verfahren. Besonders gut dokumentiert sind die Resultate der minimalinvasiven Operationen mit dem iFuse Implant System®, dessen 3-eckiges Implantatprofil mit Titanplasmaspraybeschichtung eine unmittelbare und langanhaltende Stabilisierung garantiert. Patienten, bei denen sich die Symptomatik infolge einer Dysfunktion im ISG, einer degenerativen Sakroiliitis oder einer pathologischen Veränderung am ISG ausgebildet hat und bei denen konservative Behandlungen unzureichend gewirkt haben, zeigen nach Versorgung mit iFUSE klinisch bedeutsame Verbesserungen hinsichtlich Schmerzsymptomatik, Funktionsfähigkeit und Lebensqualität. Das Verfahren zeichnet sich auch durch einen geringen intraoperativen Blutverlust, kurze Operationszeiten und Aufenthaltsdauer in der Klinik aus.
Evaluating quality in endoscopy
Authors: Pohl Heiko 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDespite an increasing number of publications and suggested quality measures, evaluating quality in endoscopy remains a challenge. Most quality measures are process measures and lack evidence for an association with clinically important outcomes. Furthermore, most measure focus on procedural aspects. Patients’ expectations, cultural values, and work setting also affect quality, but are less often considered. The aim of this article is to broaden the view on quality assessment. Here, quality is viewed from four perspectives: an individual patient perspective, which considers expectations and personal values; a cultural perspective, which encompasses cultural values and norms; an individual care perspective, which includes how an individual patient is being treated; and a societal perspective, which sets the stage for provided care. The article concludes with a proposal to consider bundled composite measures as a path to a simple yet comprehensive approach to assessing and measuring quality in endoscopy.