bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of new outpatients’ responses to a survey of their reasons for visiting a dental clinic
Authors: Kimura Yasuyuki , Tonami Ken-ichi , Mataki Shiro , Araki Kouji 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Background: To practice holistic therapy, health professionals must understand not only biological information but also psychological and social aspects of patient complaints at the first visit medical interview. However, few studies have investigated psychological and social causes associated with the patient’s complaint. Although patients’ complaints are expected to be related to their background and behavior, research on this issue has been limited. Aim: This study investigated the proportions of biological, psychological, and social causes contributing to patients’ complaints as well as the influences of new outpatients’ backgrounds on reasons for visiting our hospital. Methods: We analyzed health questionnaires from 5129 new outpatients visiting our hospital. Patients’ reasons for visiting the dental hospital were classified into three categories: “biological,” “psychological,” and “social.” We subdivided biological reasons based on the patient’s explanatory model. Descriptions of psychological reasons were subdivided into several groups. Results: Biological, psychological, and social reasons for visiting our hospital were given by 86%, 6%, and 8% of patients, respectively. Compared to men, significantly more women gave psychological reasons, while significantly more men gave social reasons. Patients who had attended another dental clinic were significantly more likely to indicate a psychological reason. Among patients who had attended another dental clinic, the most common reason for visiting our hospital was dissatisfaction. Patients who had not previously consulted any medical clinic tended to present explanatory models. Patients without a surgical history or systemic disease and those not taking medication showed similar tendencies. Conclusion: These findings suggest that a patient’s background affects their behavior.
Dentinogenic differentiation potential of fast set white portland cements of a different origin on dental pulp stem cells
Authors: Ahmed Hany Mohamed Aly , Luddin Norhayati , Kannan Thirumulu Ponnuraj , Mokhtar Khairani Idah , Ahmad Azlina 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Background: Advances in endodontic biomaterials are at the forefront of endodontic research. Purpose: This study aimed to compare the dentinogenic differentiation potential of extracts of two formulations (normal and fast set [FS] by the addition of calcium chloride dihydrate (CaCl2.2H2O) of white Portland cements (WPCs) of a different origin (Aalborg, Malaysia, and Egypt) on dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). Materials and Methods: The material extracts at 12.5 mg/ml were applied on DPSCs cultured in 96-well plates. After 1, 3, 7 and 14 days of incubation, the RNA was extracted, cDNA was prepared, and the expression of four dentinogenic gene markers (bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein, dentin sialophosphoprotein, runt-related transcription factor 2, and secreted phosphoprotein 1 [SPP1]) was examined using the real-time polymerase chain reaction. One-way analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis, and the level of significance was set at 0.05 (P = 0.05). Results: Significant differences were observed between Malaysian WPC (MAWPC) and Egyptian WPC (EGWPC) and FS MAWPC), FS EGWPC in 7 out of 15 and 6 out of 10 comparisons, respectively. While more expressions in EGWPC group were observed in four comparisons and three for MAWPC, all FS formulations showed higher expressions for FS MAWPC compared to FS EGWPC (P < 0.05). The addition of CaCl2.2H2O to MAWPC and EGWPC increased the upregulation of SPP1 gene at all-day intervals, which was not observed with other genes. Conclusions: The dentinogenic differentiation of DPSCs shows different expression profiles to extracts of normal and fast formulations of WPC. Extracts of WPC of different origin have different dentinogenic differentiation potential on DPSCs.
Multi-model ensemble simulations of olive pollen distribution in Europe in 2014: current status and outlook
Authors: Sofiev Mikhail , Ritenberga Olga , Albertini Roberto , Arteta Joaquim , Belmonte Jordina , Bernstein Carmi Geller , Bonini Maira , Celenk Sevcan , Damialis Athanasios , Douros John , Elbern Hendrik , Friese Elmar , Galan Carmen , Oliver Gilles , Hrga Ivana , Kouznetsov Rostislav , Krajsek Kai , Magyar Donat , Parmentier Jonathan , Plu Matthieu , Prank Marje , Robertson Lennart , Steensen Birthe Marie , Thibaudon Michel , Segers Arjo , Stepanovich Barbara , Valdebenito Alvaro M. , Vira Julius , Vokou Despoina 
Published: October 2017

Abstract. The paper presents the first modelling experiment of the European-scale olive pollen dispersion, analyses the quality of the predictions, and outlines the research needs. A 6-model strong ensemble of Copernicus Atmospheric Monitoring Service (CAMS) was run throughout the olive season of 2014, computing the olive pollen distribution. The simulations have been compared with observations in eight countries, which are members of the European Aeroallergen Network (EAN). Analysis was performed for individual models, the ensemble mean and median, and for a dynamically optimised combination of the ensemble members obtained via fusion of the model predictions with observations. The models, generally reproducing the olive season of 2014, showed noticeable deviations from both observations and each other. In particular, the season was reported to start too early by 8 days, but for some models the error mounted to almost 2 weeks. For the end of the season, the disagreement between the models and the observations varied from a nearly perfect match up to 2 weeks too late. A series of sensitivity studies carried out to understand the origin of the disagreements revealed the crucial role of ambient temperature and consistency of its representation by the meteorological models and heat-sum-based phenological model. In particular, a simple correction to the heat-sum threshold eliminated the shift of the start of the season but its validity in other years remains to be checked. The short-term features of the concentration time series were reproduced better, suggesting that the precipitation events and cold/warm spells, as well as the large-scale transport, were represented rather well. Ensemble averaging led to more robust results. The best skill scores were obtained with data fusion, which used the previous days' observations to identify the optimal weighting coefficients of the individual model forecasts. Such combinations were tested for the forecasting period up to 4 days and shown to remain nearly optimal throughout the whole period.
Single-particle measurements of bouncing particles and in situ collection efficiency from an airborne aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) with light-scattering detection
Authors: Liao Jin , Brock Charles A. , Murphy Daniel M. , Sueper Donna T. , Welti André , Middlebrook Ann M. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract. A light-scattering module was coupled to an airborne, compact time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (LS-AMS) to investigate collection efficiency (CE) while obtaining nonrefractory aerosol chemical composition measurements during the Southeast Nexus (SENEX) campaign. In this instrument, particles scatter light from an internal laser beam and trigger saving individual particle mass spectra. Nearly all of the single-particle data with mass spectra that were triggered by scattered light signals were from particles larger than ∼ 280 nm in vacuum aerodynamic diameter. Over 33 000 particles are characterized as either prompt (27 %), delayed (15 %), or null (58 %), according to the time and intensity of their total mass spectral signals. The particle mass from single-particle spectra is proportional to that derived from the light-scattering diameter (dva-LS) but not to that from the particle time-of-flight (PToF) diameter (dva-MS) from the time of the maximum mass spectral signal. The total mass spectral signal from delayed particles was about 80 % of that from prompt ones for the same dva-LS. Both field and laboratory data indicate that the relative intensities of various ions in the prompt spectra show more fragmentation compared to the delayed spectra. The particles with a delayed mass spectral signal likely bounced off the vaporizer and vaporized later on another surface within the confines of the ionization source. Because delayed particles are detected by the mass spectrometer later than expected from their dva-LS size, they can affect the interpretation of particle size (PToF) mass distributions, especially at larger sizes. The CE, measured by the average number or mass fractions of particles optically detected that had measurable mass spectra, varied significantly (0.2–0.9) in different air masses. The measured CE agreed well with a previous parameterization when CE > 0.5 for acidic particles but was sometimes lower than the minimum parameterized CE of 0.5.
Jmenování vysokoškolským profesorem – správněprávní a ústavněprávní otázky
Authors: Kopecký Martin 
Published: October 2017

Profesor je vědecko-pedagogickým titulem, který získá v podmínkách České republiky uchazeč po úspěšném absolvování řízení na vysoké škole a po jmenování prezidentem republiky. Zatímco řízení ke jmenování profesorem je projevem samosprávné působnosti vysoké školy, pouze vysoká škola, která je k tomu akreditována, je oprávněna vést takové jmenovací řízení pro stanovený obor, pravomoc jmenovat vysokoškolského profesora je zákonem o vysokých školách svěřena prezidentu republiky, který rozhoduje o návrhu vědecké rady veřejné vysoké školy na jmenování určitého kandidáta profesorem. Návrh je prezidentu republiky přitom podáván prostřednictvím ministra školství, mládeže a tělovýchovy, kterému zákon svěřuje pravomoc vrátit ve stanovených případech vědecké radě vysoké školy návrh na jmenování profesorem. Článek rozebírá nejen zákonnou úpravu řízení o jmenování profesorem a zákonná pravidla o jmenování, ale i ústavněprávní otázky s tím spojené, tedy zejména roli prezidenta republiky a dalších správních orgánů při jmenování profesorem. Článek se věnuje aktuální judikatuře ve správním soudnictví týkající se případů osob, které sice byly navrženy vědeckou radou vysoké školy na jmenování profesorem, ale které prezident republiky odmítl jmenovat.
Extrémy slobody prejavu a úloha právnej regulácie
Authors: Steuer Max 
Published: October 2017

Nové možnosti komunikácie a prezentácie ideí rozšírili priestor pre vyjadrenie názorov, vrátane takých, ktoré zasahujú do ľudskej dôstojnosti. Reakcie na tento fenomén majú neraz právny charakter, umožňujúci sankcionovať pôvodcov „nenávistných prejavov“. Slovenská republika, kde sa v roku 2016 po prvýkrát v postkomunistickej histórii do zákonodarného zboru dostala strana s cieľom zvrhnutia demokratického režimu, v tomto ohľade nie je výnimkou. Predkladaná konceptuálna analýza ukazuje, ako uvedené reakcie, vrátane „protiextrémistickej“ novely slovenských trestných kódexov z októbra 2016, zapadajú do rámca „militantnej demokracie“. Najskôr predstaví koncept militantnej demokracie ako jeden z možných reakcií (nielen) k extrémnym prejavom, pričom sa zameriava na úlohu práva ako ochrancu demokracie v chápaní tohto prístupu. Následne charakterizuje niektoré riziká obsiahnuté v tomto prístupe a na ich základe uvedie alternatívny prístup, chápajúci právo ako facilitátora slobody. V závere vysvetľuje, ako druhý prístup, ktorý právne reguluje iba prejavy podnecujúce k násiliu, vo zvyšku ponechávajúc priestor neprávnym opatreniam, zabraňuje nezamýšľaným negatívnym dôsledkom prvého, „militantno-demokratického“ prístupu.
Disenty jako budoucí většinová stanoviska
Authors: Stypa Ondřej 
Published: October 2017

Článek pojednává o transformaci soudcovských disentů na většinová stanoviska. Vymezuje tři druhy přeměny disentů ve většinová stanoviska, zkoumá hlavní znaky každého druhu transformace a rozebírá jeho výhody a nevýhody pro disentujícího soudce. Teoretické poznatky jsou doplněny konkrétními příklady transformace disentu ve většinové stanovisko, které pocházejí především z judikatury Nejvyššího soudu USA.
Engaging with Professional Practice across Domains through the Lens of Applied Linguistics
Authors: Paola Catenaccio  , Giuliana Elena Garzone  , Srikant Sarangi  
Published: October 2017

This editorial outlines the theoretical framework in which the papers included in the present issue are set. The guiding principle laid out is that investigations of professional practice cannot be limited to the analysis of language use in itself. The inherent diversity of applied linguistic research is discussed, and it is pointed out that what binds much of this research together is the identification of societal problems that are linguistically and discursively manifest, with a conviction that the researcher-analyst has the necessary tools to approach the data, resulting in insights that would be practically relevant. The difficulty achieving this practical relevance leads researchers to position themselves differently and draw upon different research paradigms, some of which are then discussed. The editorial concludes that challenges remain with regard to how to strengthen the interface between professional practice research and applied linguistics, including the occasioning of critical reflections about applied linguists’ professional practice.
Between Professionalism and Amateurship: Makeup Discourse on YouTube
Authors: Giorgia Riboni  
Published: October 2017

Over the last few years, brands have become increasingly aware of the marketing potential of social media and have been exploiting them as a component of their marketing effort. A strategy adopted in various industries is to co-opt social media celebrities and either employ or pay them to promote products, often without explicitly declaring it. This is common in the makeup industry, where a number of social media users are so popular that they have become (corporate) ‘makeup gurus’. Their alleged amateur status is key to their success: by appearing economically disinterested they seem more trustworthy than corporations, thus being able to attract a wide follower base. On the other hand, makeup gurus have to depict themselves as valuable experts in order to appear credible both to the companies that supposedly hire them and to their fans. This study sets out to investigate the linguistic representation of makeup gurus’ identity in texts collected from their YouTube channels in order to analyse the way in which their ‘persona’ (or ‘edited self ’) discursively stems from an ongoing negotiation between professionalism and amateurship. A critical discourse analytical approach is adopted as it arguably represents the most suitable tool to investigate social and, as in this case, professional (or amateurish) identities.
Exploring the psychological health of emergency dispatch centre operatives: a systematic review and narrative synthesis
Authors: Golding Sarah E. , Horsfield Claire , Davies Annette , Egan Bernadette , Jones Martyn , Raleigh Mary , Schofield Patricia , Squires Allison , Start Kath , Quinn Tom , Cropley Mark 
Published: October 2017

Background
The study objective was to investigate and synthesize available evidence relating to the psychological health of Emergency Dispatch Centre (EDC) operatives, and to identify key stressors experienced by EDC operatives.

Methods
Eight electronic databases (Embase, PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, PsycInfo, PsycArticles, The Psychology and Behavioural Sciences Collection, and Google Scholar) were searched. All study designs were included, and no date limits were set. Studies were included if they were published in English, and explored the psychological health of any EDC operatives, across fire, police, and emergency medical services. Studies were excluded if they related solely to other emergency workers, such as police officers or paramedics. Methodological quality of included studies was assessed using checklists adapted from the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme. A narrative synthesis was conducted, using thematic analysis.

Results
A total of 16 articles were included in the review. Two overarching themes were identified during the narrative synthesis: ‘Organisational and Operational Factors’ and ‘Interactions with Others’. Stressors identified included being exposed to traumatic calls, lacking control over high workload, and working in under-resourced and pressured environments. Lack of support from management and providing an emotionally demanding service were additional sources of stress. Peer support and social support from friends and family were helpful in managing work-related stress.

Discussion
EDC operatives experience stress as a result of their work, which appears to be related to negative psychological health outcomes. Future research should explore the long-term effects of this stress, and the potential for workplace interventions to alleviate the negative impacts on psychological health.

PROSPERO Registration Number
CRD42014010806.
Bacterial and fungal communities respond differently to varying tillage depth in agricultural soils
Authors: Anderson Craig , Beare Mike , Buckley Hannah L. , Lear Gavin 
Published: October 2017

In arable cropping systems, reduced or conservation tillage practices are linked with improved soil quality, C retention and higher microbial biomass, but most long-term studies rarely focus on depths greater than 15 cm nor allow comparison of microbial community responses to agricultural practices. We investigated microbial community structure in a long-term field trial (12-years, Lincoln, New Zealand) established in a silt-loam soil over four depth ranges down to 30 cm. Our objectives were to investigate the degree of homogenisation of soil biological and chemical properties with depth, and to determine the main drivers of microbial community response to tillage. We hypothesised that soil microbiological responses would depend on tillage depth, observed by a homogenisation of microbial community composition within the tilled zone. Tillage treatments were mouldboard plough and disc harrow, impacting soil to ∼20 and ∼10 cm depth, respectively. These treatments were compared to a no-tillage treatment and two control treatments, both permanent pasture and permanent fallow. Bacterial and fungal communities collected from the site were not impacted by the spatial location of sampling across the study area but were affected by physicochemical changes associated with tillage induced soil homogenisation and plant presence. Tillage treatment effects on both species richness and composition were more evident for bacterial communities than fungal communities, and were greater at depths <15 cm. Homogenisation of soil and changing land management appears to redistribute both microbiota and nutrients deeper in the soil profile while consequences for soil biogeochemical functioning remain poorly understood.
Recent Very Hot Summers in Northern Hemispheric Land Areas Measured by Wet Bulb Globe Temperature Will Be the Norm Within 20 Years
Authors: Li Chao , Zhang Xuebin , Zwiers Francis , Fang Yuanyuan , Michalak Anna M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) accounts for the effect of environmental temperature and humidity on thermal comfort, and can be directly related to the ability of the human body to dissipate excess metabolic heat and thus avoid heat stress. Using WBGT as a measure of environmental conditions conducive to heat stress, we show that anthropogenic influence has very substantially increased the likelihood of extreme high summer mean WBGT in northern hemispheric land areas relative to the climate that would have prevailed in the absence of anthropogenic forcing. We estimate that the likelihood of summer mean WGBT exceeding the observed historical record value has increased by a factor of at least 70 at regional scales due to anthropogenic influence on the climate. We further estimate that, in most northern hemispheric regions, these changes in the likelihood of extreme summer mean WBGT are roughly an order of magnitude larger than the corresponding changes in the likelihood of extreme hot summers as simply measured by surface air temperature. Projections of future summer mean WBGT under the RCP8.5 emissions scenario that are constrained by observations indicate that by 2030s at least 50% of the summers will have mean WBGT higher than the observed historical record value in all the analyzed regions, and that this frequency of occurrence will increase to 95% by mid‐century.
Detection of Intact Lava Tubes at Marius Hills on the Moon by SELENE (Kaguya) Lunar Radar Sounder
Authors: Kaku T. , Haruyama J. , Miyake W. , Kumamoto A. , Ishiyama K. , Nishibori T. , Yamamoto K. , Crites Sarah T. , Michikami T. , Yokota Y. , Sood R. , Melosh H. J. , Chappaz L. , Howell K. C. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIntact lunar lava tubes offer a pristine environment to conduct scientific examination of the Moon's composition and potentially serve as secure shelters for humans and instruments. We investigated the SELENE Lunar Radar Sounder (LRS) data at locations close to the Marius Hills Hole (MHH), a skylight potentially leading to an intact lava tube, and found a distinctive echo pattern exhibiting a precipitous decrease in echo power, subsequently followed by a large second echo peak that may be evidence for the existence of a lava tube. The search area was further expanded to 13.00–15.00°N, 301.85–304.01°E around the MHH, and similar LRS echo patterns were observed at several locations. Most of the locations are in regions of underground mass deficit suggested by GRAIL gravity data analysis. Some of the observed echo patterns are along rille A, where the MHH was discovered, or on the southwest underground extension of the rille.