bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationships between wanting to nap, actually napping, and depressed and anxious mood
Authors: Ostrow Katherine Domar , Shattuck Lillian , Seehuus Martin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Study Objectives
These studies disentangle the relationships between wanting to nap (nap desire), actually napping (nap behavior), and depressed and anxious mood. Study 1 partially replicated and extended findings connecting napping and depressed and anxious mood. Study 2 explored the distinction between nap desire and behavior using a new, larger sample and a different technique.

Methods
Study 1 used a longitudinal, multimethod approach to understand napping and mood among undergraduate students in the United States (N = 104). In Study 2, a cross-sectional survey was conducted on adults over 25 in the continental United States (N = 1406), including items from the DASS-21 and questions about nap desire and behavior.

Results
Study 1 found a significant relationship between same-day napping behavior and depressed mood (Mnap = 1.61, SEnap = 0.08 vs. Mno nap = 1.44, SEno nap = 0.06, p = .018) but not anxious mood (p = .766). Study 2 partially replicated those findings; Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) showed that napping desire had a significant effect on anxious (F(1, 1291) = 6.86, p = .009, partial η2 = .005) and depressed mood (F(1, 1291) = 13.46, p &lt; .001, partial η2 = .010), accounting for age, gender, and restedness, but napping behavior did not add to that effect.

Conclusions
Wanting to nap is related to greater depressed and anxious mood, but actual napping did not add to that relationship. These results have implications for clinicians using sleep assessment as a screening tool for mental health and highlight the need for further research on napping motivation.
Australian vertebrate hosts of Japanese encephalitis virus: a review of the evidence
Authors: Moore Kevin T , Mangan Madelyn J , Linnegar Belinda , Athni Tejas S , McCallum Hamish I , Trewin Brendan J , Skinner Eloise 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) transmission in temperate Australia has underscored a critical need to characterise transmission pathways and identify probable hosts of the virus. This systematic review consolidates existing research on the vertebrate hosts of JEV that are known to exist in Australia. Specifically, we aim to identify probable species involved in JEV transmission, their potential role as hosts and identify critical knowledge gaps. Data were extracted from studies involving experimental infection, seroprevalence and virus isolation and were available for 22 vertebrate species known to reside in Australia. A host competence score was calculated to assess the ability of each species to generate and sustain a viraemia. Based on the host competence score and ecology of each species, we find that ardeid birds, feral pigs and flying foxes have potential as maintenance hosts for JEV in the Australian context. We also note that domestic pigs are frequently infected during outbreaks, but their role as amplification hosts in Australia is unclear. Evidence to confirm these roles is sparse, emphasising the need for further targeted research. This review provides a foundation for future investigations into JEV transmission in Australia, advocating for enhanced surveillance and standardised research methodologies to better understand and mitigate the virus's impact.
The Epidemiology of Pediatric Shoulder Dislocations in the United States
Authors: DiCenso Stefano , Mistovich Ronald Justin , Kaelber David C. 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Shoulder dislocations are the most common of all major joint dislocations and are a frequent cause of emergency department (ED) presentations. While the epidemiology of shoulder dislocations has been characterized in adults, it has not yet been done for children in the United States. The primary goal of this study was to calculate the incidence rate of pediatric shoulder dislocations in the United States. Secondary goals were to characterize the demographic information of children with shoulder dislocations as well as trends in management.

Methods:
The US Collaborative Network in TriNetX, a network of clinical data repositories containing patient data from over 100,000,000 unique individuals within the United States, was queried for patients younger than 18 years old diagnosed with shoulder dislocation from 2014 to 2024 using ICD codes. The demographic details were then extracted from the data set, and treatment approaches were determined by CPT coding.

Results:
Over the past 10 years, there were 16,460 pediatric and adolescent patients diagnosed with a first-time shoulder dislocation in either an ED or ambulatory clinic. The overall incidence rate was 60.31 per 100,000 patients, while the incidence rate was 116.61 per 100,000 patients presenting in the ED and 33.95 per 100,000 patients presenting in ambulatory clinics that were under the age of 18 years. Most patients were male (73%), White (59%), and came from the southeastern region of the United States (36%). The most common treatment was a closed reduction (25%), followed by arthroscopic surgery (17%). The number of annual shoulder dislocations has increased over the past decade without an increase in the number of patients undergoing surgical treatment.

Conclusions:
There remains a high incidence rate of shoulder dislocations in the pediatric population of the United States. Despite evidence that early surgical treatment of shoulder dislocations offers improved outcomes, nonoperative treatment continues to be the most common modality without any increase in the percentage of patients undergoing surgical treatment.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV—descriptive epidemiological analysis.
Metabolic acidosis in patients with diabetes 2 undergoing cardiac surgery
Authors: Brekke Hege K. , Holmaas Gunhild , Astor Marianne C. , Steien Egil , Haaverstad Rune , Ghavidel Fatemeh Z. , Farstad Marit 
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2-i) lower blood sugar and reduce cardiovascular events and kidney failure. However, there have been increasing reports of euglycaemic diabetic ketoacidosis (eDKA) linked to SGLT2-i medicines.

OBJECTIVE
Investigating the association between SGLT2-i use and the incidence of metabolic acidosis in patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing cardiac surgery.

DESIGN
A retrospective observational cohort study comprising 121 patients, with 38 in the SGLT2-i group and 83 in the control group.

SETTING
A 2-year period at Haukeland University Hospital, a tertiary regional hospital in Western Norway.

PATIENTS
Patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing cardiac surgery.

INTERVENTIONS
Collection of clinical and laboratory data, including acid/base balance parameters, surgery details and SGLT2-i use.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Base excess and anion gap measurements as indicators of ketosis development. A subgroup analysis in patients without renal failure (glomerular filtration rate > 60 ml min−1 m−2).

RESULTS
Lower base excess levels and increased anion gaps were observed in the SGLT2-i group compared with controls at various time points postoperatively, with no significant differences in serum lactate levels.
Twelve hours postoperatively, 41% of SGLT2-i patients without renal failure had a base excess -3 mmol l−1 or less after correction for serum lactate (indicating ketosis) compared with only 8% in the control group (P < 0.001). The anion gap was elevated in the SGLT2-i group compared to the control group at 12 h postoperatively (P = 0.018).
Multivariable regression analysis identified SGLT2-i use as an independent factor associated with a lower base excess after correction for lactate levels (P < 0.001). Cessation of SGLT2-i medication did not correlate with the degree of acidosis.

CONCLUSION
While taking SGLT2 inhibitors, diabetic patients undergoing heart surgery are at an increased risk of ketosis and possibly metabolic acidosis. This emphasises the importance of careful observation and effective treatment strategies within this group.
Role of Autophagy in Myocardial Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Tian Run-Ze , Zhuang Dong-Lin , Vong Chi Teng , He Xuyu , Ouyang Qing , Liang Jing-Hua , Guo Yan-Ping , Wang Yu-Hong , Zhao Shuang , Yuan Haiyun , Ide Nasser Moussa , Li Ge , Ping Zhu  
Published: October 2024

Abstract:
Autophagy is the process of reusing the body's senescent and damaged cell components, which can be regarded as the cellular circulatory system. There are 3 distinct forms of autophagy: macroautophagy, microautophagy, and chaperone-mediated autophagy. In the heart, autophagy is regulated mainly through mitophagy because of the metabolic changes of cardiomyocytes caused by ischemia and hypoxia. Myocardial remodeling is characterized by gradual heart enlargement, cardiac dysfunction, and extraordinary molecular changes. Cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction is almost inevitable, which is the leading cause of heart failure. Autophagy has a protective effect on myocardial remodeling improvement. Autophagy can minimize cardiac remodeling by preventing misfolded protein accumulation and oxidative stress. This review summarizes the nestest molecular mechanisms of autophagy and myocardial remodeling, the protective effects, and the new target of autophagy medicine in cardiac remodeling. The future development and challenges of autophagy in heart disease are also summarized.
INCIDENCE AND PROGRESSION OF AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION AMONG PATIENTS WITH AND WITHOUT OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA
Authors: Blazes Marian , Ngadisastra Caitlyn , Li Pei-Ru , Lee Cecilia S. , Lee Jiahn-Shing , See Lai-Chu , Lin Ken-Kuo 
Published: October 2024

Purpose:
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may increase the risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) due to repetitive oxygen deprivation or other mechanisms, though whether OSA increases the risk of AMD progression is unknown. The authors analyzed associations between OSA and AMD risk in the Taiwanese population.

Methods:
The authors identified patients diagnosed with OSA between 2000 and 2018 in the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database and used 1:1 propensity score matching on demographics and comorbidities to create a non-OSA cohort. The authors used Cox proportional hazard modeling to investigate the risk of AMD and the risk of progression from nonexudative to exudative AMD in OSA versus non-OSA patients.

Results:
A total of 66,869 OSA patients were matched with 66,869 non-OSA patients. The hazard ratio of AMD in the OSA cohort was 1.36 (95% confidence interval, 1.29–1.43, P < 0.0001). The hazard ratio for progression from nonexudative to exudative AMD for the OSA cohort was 0.94 (95% confidence interval, 0.77–1.14, P = 0.5073).

Conclusion:
Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with a higher risk of developing AMD. However, no increased risk of AMD progression is observed among people with OSA and existing nonexudative AMD.
TRANSRETINAL PUNCTURE WITH A 41G CANNULA FOR POSTERIOR RESIDUAL SUBRETINAL FLUID IN FOVEA-OFF RETINAL DETACHMENTS TREATED BY VITRECTOMY VS FLUID TOLERANCE VS OTHER CONVENTIONAL DRAINAGE TECHNIQUES
Authors: Desira Maxime , Ruiz Thibault , Comet Alban , Matonti Frederic , Conrath John , Gravier-Dumonceau Robinson , Delaporte Charles , Morel Christophe , Devin François , David Thierry , Gascon Pierre 
Published: October 2024

Purpose:
To compare functional and anatomical outcomes between posterior drainage of residual fluid using a 41G cannula, fluid tolerance (residual subretinal fluid), and conventional complete drainage methods, including removal through peripheral retinal breaks, perfluorocarbon liquid, and posterior retinotomy.

Methods:
In this retrospective, multicenter study, we evaluated cases for visual acuity at 3 months of follow-up. Secondary outcomes included surgical success, postoperative metamorphopsia, shifts, full-thickness folds, optical coherence tomography parameters, and safety. Subgroup analyses were also conducted.

Results:
Visual acuity did not differ significantly between the three main groups. Subgroup analyses revealed worse visual acuity for posterior retinotomy (20/270 in Snellen conversion, P = 0.002), with significantly more Grade C proliferative vitreoretinopathy (40.0%, P = 0.003). Residual subretinal fluid tended to offer better secondary outcomes, without statistical significance except for postoperative epiretinal membrane (30.8%, P = 0.041). Subgroup analyses found significantly more shifts with PFCL (91.7%, P = 0.036). No cases of postoperative full-thickness folds or macular holes were observed with the 41G.

Conclusion:
Our study introduced the 41G technique, indicating favorable outcomes for fovea-off retinal detachments. Nevertheless, fluid tolerance appeared to be the best option, offering a cost-effective and faster method, with an optimal microstructural profile and visual acuity comparable with that of complete drainage techniques.
Preoperative Posterior Stromal Ripples as Predictive Biomarkers of Visual Recovery After DMEK
Authors: Ventura Mariacarmela , Airaldi Matteo , Ancona Chiara , Neri Enrico , Bonacci Erika , Pedrotti Emilio , Borgia Alfredo , Posarelli Matteo , Levis Hannah J. , Semeraro Francesco , Kaye Stephen B. , Viola Pietro , Romano Vito 
Published: October 2024

Purpose:
To investigate the role of preoperative posterior stromal ripples (pre-PSR) on visual acuity recovery after Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK).

Methods:
This is a comparative case series retrospectively analyzing patients who underwent DMEK. Electronic records and imaging of DMEK patients were reviewed. The last preoperative and first postoperative available anterior segment optical coherence tomography scans for each eye were analyzed for the presence of pre-PSR. The difference in longitudinal trends of visual acuity recovery after DMEK was assessed in eyes with and without pre-PSR. The frequency of rebubbling and measures of proportional relative risk of rebubbling were analyzed according to the presence of preoperative and postoperative PSR.

Results:
A total of 66 patients (71 eyes) were included. Pre-PSR were associated with lower preoperative visual acuity [0.6 (0.5) vs. 0.9 (0.6) LogMAR, P = 0.02] and higher central corneal thickness [613 (73.8) vs. 715.7 (129.6) micron, P < 0.001]. Eyes with pre-PSR had a slower visual recovery up to 3.5 months after surgery compared to eyes without pre-PSR and achieved lower final visual acuity [0.1 (0.2) vs. 0.3 (0.3) LogMAR, P = 0.02]. Cox proportional hazard ratios showed that postoperative PSR were associated with a greater risk of rebubbling [hazard ratio (95% CI), 7.1 (1.3, 39.5), P = 0.02] while pre-PSR were not.

Conclusions:
The presence of pre-PSR is associated with slower visual recovery and lower final visual acuity after DMEK while postoperative PSR confer a higher risk of rebubbling. PSR represent a valuable prognostic biomarker both before and after DMEK.
G-protein–coupled estrogen receptor 30 regulation of signaling downstream of protein kinase Cε mediates sex dimorphism in hyaluronan-induced antihyperalgesia
Authors: Bonet Ivan J.M. , Araldi Dionéia , Khomula Eugen V. , Bogen Oliver , Green Paul G. , Levine Jon D. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
High molecular weight hyaluronan (HMWH) inhibits hyperalgesia induced by diverse pronociceptive inflammatory mediators and their second messengers, in rats of both sexes. However, the hyperalgesia induced by ligands at 3 pattern recognition receptors, lipopolysaccharide (a toll-like receptor 4 agonist), lipoteichoic acid (a toll-like receptor 2/6 agonist), and nigericin (a NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 activator), and oxaliplatin and paclitaxel chemotherapy–induced peripheral neuropathy are only attenuated in males. After gonadectomy or intrathecal administration of an antisense to G-protein–coupled estrogen receptor 30 (GPER) mRNA, HMWH produces antihyperalgesia in females. In nociceptors cultured from rats that had been treated with oxaliplatin, HMWH reverses nociceptor sensitization from male and GPER antisense–treated female, but not from gonad intact females. G-protein–coupled estrogen receptor–dependent sex dimorphism for HMWH-induced antihyperalgesia was also observed for the prolongation of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-induced hyperalgesia in primed nociceptors. While in primed rats, HMWH inhibits early, protein kinase A-dependent hyperalgesia, 30 minutes post PGE2 injection, in both sexes; measured 4 hours post-PGE2, HMWH inhibits the protein kinase Cε (PKCε)-dependent prolongation of PGE2 hyperalgesia only in males and GPER antisense–treated females. In females, hyperalgesia induced by PKCε agonist, ψεRACK, in control but not in primed nociceptors, was inhibited by HMWH. Inhibitors of 2 GPER second messengers, extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2 and nonreceptor tyrosine kinase, also unmasked HMWH antihyperalgesia in females with oxaliplatin chemotherapy–induced peripheral neuropathy, a condition in which nociceptors are primed as well as sensitized. Our results support GPER-dependent sex dimorphism in HMWH-induced antihyperalgesia for pain induced by pattern recognition receptor agonists, and chronic inflammatory and neuropathic pain, mediated by changes in signaling downstream of PKCε in primed nociceptors.
Health Coaching Impacts Stage-Specific Transitions in Multiple Health Behaviors for Patients at High Risk for Coronary Heart Disease and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Lee Chiyoung , Yang Qing , Vorderstrasse Allison , Wolever Ruth Q. 
Published: October 2024

Background
Multiple behavior change interventions have gained traction in the behavioral health space. Yet, previous studies on health coaching (HC) focused on testing its effect on stages of change for individual health behaviors.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of HC on stages of change across multiple health behavior domains among patients at high risk of coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes.

Methods
This secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial included 200 primary care patients (mean age of 47.7 years, 49.0% women, 60.5% Whites) who completed transtheoretical model-based questionnaires related to weight reduction, exercise, healthier eating, and stress management. Multigroup latent transition analysis was used to compare the stage of change distributions and transitions over time between HC and controls at baseline, midpoint of the intervention (3 months), and postintervention (6 months).

Results
Three distinct categories of behavior change were identified (“Contemplation,” “Preparation to Action,” and “Action”), and membership in these categories changed over time as a function of intervention exposure. Both groups exhibited positive transitions through stages of change from baseline to 3 months. Pronounced intervention effects emerged from 3 to 6 months, revealing larger differences in transition probabilities between the groups. In particular, HC increased patients' likelihood of transitioning from “Contemplation” to both “Preparation for Action” and “Action,” as well as from “Preparation for Action” to “Action.” The control group remained stagnant during the same period.

Conclusions
Although HC produces changes across multiple behavioral domains, it was most effective for patients who were reluctant or ambivalent about changing their behaviors.
Emergency Department Workers’ Perceived Support and Emotional Impact After Workplace Violence
Authors: Gillespie Gordon Lee , Cooper Sherry Steele , Bresler Scott A. , Tamsukhin Sara 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Workplace violence (WPV) is a common experience among healthcare workers in the United States. Although WPV may affect workers physically, WPV can also affect workers' mental health. Emergency department (ED) workers' perceptions of available and necessary WPV support have not been previously reported.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey design was used to examine ED workers' perceived level of WPV support and emotional impact that WPV causes them. This study was conducted at six Midwestern U.S. EDs. Respondents confidentially completed an adapted version of the Survey of Violence Experienced by Staff. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, t test, and Kruskal–Wallis test.

Results
Respondents (N = 206) who experienced WPV served as the analytical sample. Respondents predominantly agreed or strongly agreed that support was available after WPV (n = 129, 63.2%). The predominant source of support after WPV was another colleague from the department (n = 127, 62.3%). Less than half of respondents (n = 96, 47.1%) indicated they agreed/strongly agreed that managers were supportive after verbal abuse, but 63.6% (n = 126) indicated that managers were supportive after physical assault. There was no statistical difference between the emotional impact of verbal abuse compared with threats/assaults.

Discussion
Forensic nurses and emergency nurses with forensic nursing training are situated to combine their expertise in trauma-informed care, evidence collection, and expert testimony to support victimized ED workers. Timely support should be offered regardless of the category of WPV experienced. Insight into why support is perceived as available and accessible but may not be used warrants further study.
Physician Assistant Training, Collaboration, and Practice Act Legislation: Perspectives From Practicing Physician Assistants
Authors: Hulse Betty , Schweinle William E. , Kassin Katie , Trimble Nancy D. 
Published: October 2024

Introduction
This study examines training, experience, and collaborative practices of physician assistants (PAs) with employment experience and their perspectives on practice act legislation.

Methods
Mixed method study with quantitative and qualitative data.

Results
One hundred eighty participants completed the survey. During clinical employment, 81.05% of respondents reported physicians participated in training. However, supervising physicians trained only 43.46%; 56.54% reported being trained by nurse practitioners (NPs), PAs, and/or other physicians. Onsite collaboration with physicians was reported by 87.2%. Supervising physician involvement was reported by 67.3%, and of these, 59% collaborated with PAs, NPs, and/or other physicians as well. One-third collaborated only with NPs, PAs, and/or other physicians. Daily/weekly collaboration with a supervising physician was reported by 78.89% in their first position and 54.87% in their current/most recent position; 77.22% collaborated with NPs, PAs, and/or other physicians in their first position and 71.68% in their current/most recent position. Most (64.44%) felt PAs should not be legally required to have physician supervision. Most (76.12%) felt care quality would not decrease if supervision were lifted. Most (74.44%) agreed that PAs are hired less frequently than NPs in states where physician supervision is required for PA but not NPs.

Discussion
Findings suggest that team-based practice is already the current structure of PA clinical training and collaboration with PAs receiving significant support from physicians who are not supervising physicians and other nonphysician practitioners. Establishing oversight at the practice level is supported by this practice structure. Determining effects of practice act legislation on employment training, collaboration, and hiring practices warrants further research.