bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Superfine grinding improves the bioaccessibility and antioxidant properties of Dendrobium officinale powders
Authors: Meng Qingran , Fan Haoran , Xu Dan , Aboshora Waleed , Tang Yiyou , Xiao Tiancun , Zhang Lianfu 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn herbal markets, an overwhelming majority the D. officinale are sold in spiral or spring form, and this kind of product would lead to the incomplete release of some nutrients. To increase the bioaccessibility of D. officinale, we report a method of pulverisation treatments including general and superfine grinding to reduce the particle size. In comparison with coarse D. officinale, the superfine ground D. officinale with particle sizes of <18 μm resulted in significant higher bulk density, better flowability and greater hydration properties. The protein and polysaccharide solubility of D. officinale increased significantly as its particle size decreased. The extract of D. officinale with a particle size of <18 μm showed that highest total phenolic and total flavonoid contents accompanied with the best antioxidant activity through all antioxidant assays compared with coarse ground D. officinale and D. officinale products.
CCR5 expression, haplotype and immune activation in protection from infection in HIV‐exposed uninfected individuals in HIV‐serodiscordant relationships
Authors: Jaumdally Shameem Z. , Picton Anabela , Tiemessen Caroline T. , Paximadis Maria , Jaspan Heather B. , Gamieldien Hoyam , Masson Lindi , Coetzee David , Williamson Anna‐Lise , Little Francesca , Gumbi Pamela P. , Passmore Jo‐Ann S. 
Published: April 2017

SummarySeveral host factors have been implicated in resistance to HIV infection in individuals who remain HIV‐seronegative despite exposure. In a cohort of HIV‐serodiscordant heterosexual couples, we investigated interactions between systemic inflammation and T‐cell activation in resistance to HIV infection. Males and females in stable long‐term relationships with either HIV‐infected or uninfected partners were recruited, blood T‐cell activation (CD38, HLA‐DR, CCR5 and Ki67) and plasma cytokine concentrations were evaluated. The HIV‐negative exposed individuals had significantly lower frequencies of CCR5+ CD4+ and CD8+ T cells than unexposed individuals. Mean fluorescence intensity of CCR5 expression on CD4+ T cells was significantly lower in HIV‐negative exposed than unexposed individuals. Protective CCR5 haplotypes (HHA/HHF*2, HHF*2/HHF*2, HHC/HHF*2, HHA/HHA, HHA/HHC and HHA/HHD) tended to be over‐represented in exposed compared with unexposed individuals (38% versus 28%, P = 0·58) whereas deleterious genotypes (HHC/HHD, HHC/HHE, HHD/HHE, HHD/HHD and HHE/HHE) were under‐represented (26% versus 44%; P = 0·16). Plasma concentrations of interleukin‐2 (P = 0·02), interferon‐γ (P = 0·05) and granulocyte–macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (P = 0·006) were lower in exposed compared with unexposed individuals. Activation marker expression and systemic cytokine concentrations were not influenced by gender. We conclude that the dominant signature of resistance to HIV infection in this cohort of exposed but uninfected individuals was lower T‐cell CCR5 expression and plasma cytokine concentrations.
Stigmatization and self‐determination of preregistration nurses: A path analysis
Authors: Perlman Dana , Brighton Renee , Patterson Christopher , Moxham Lorna , Taylor Ellie K. , Sumskis Susan , Heffernan Tim 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe concept of stigma and the stigmatizing behaviours of health‐care professionals can have a profound influence on people with mental illness. A key construct that has been identified as influencing our behaviours is self‐determination. As such, in the present study, we attempted to examine the connection and influence of motivational measures on the stigmatization of preregistration nurses. Data were collected once using three surveys that measured the motivational responses and stigmatizing behaviours of preregistration nurses after an approved mental health clinical placement. Using a path analysis, the results indicated that psychological needs significantly influenced preregistration nurses’ self‐determination towards work. In addition, self‐determination was a significant influence on the stigmatization behaviours of preregistration nurses. The results of the present study provide initial empirical evidence that supports the importance of professional self‐determination and the potential connection of quality care, as illustrated with the low stigmatizing behaviours of preregistration nurses who are more self‐determined towards their work/career. Because of the significant results of the present study, it is recommended that future research is needed that uses self‐determination theory as a lens to understand the application and importance within the field of nurse education.
Der Basidiomyzet Schizophyllum commune in den Nasennebenhöhlen
Authors: Buzina W. , Braun H. , Freudenschuss K. , Lackner A. , Schimpl K. , Stammberger H. 
Published: April 2017

ZusammenfassungIn der medizinischen Literatur der vergangenen 50 Jahre findet man nur 22 Fälle, in denen der weltweit vorkommende Basidiomyzet Schizophyllum commune beschrieben wurde. In einem Zeitraum von drei Jahren haben wir 270 Patienten untersucht, die entweder unter einer chronischen Sinusitis oder unter einer Nasennebenhöhlen‐mykose litten. Dazu wurde entweder Nasenschleim oder Operationsmaterial aus den Nasennebenhöhlen (NNH) kultiviert und die entstandenen Pilzkulturen mikroskopisch identifiziert. Konnten die Pilze nicht eindeutig bestimmt werden, wurde deren DNA zur molekularbiologischen Untersuchung isoliert. Die Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) Region des ribosomalen Gen‐Clusters wurde mit pilzspezifischen Primern amplifiziert und das entstandene PCR‐Produkt sequenziert. Zusätzlich wurden alle sterilen, mit weißem Myzel wachsenden Pilze mit dem Primerpaar scom1/scom2r, welches spezifisch für S. commune ist, amplifiziert. Insgesamt konnten wir im Untersuchungszeitraum von drei Jahren in zwölf Fällen S. commune aus unserem Patientengut isolieren. Die präsentierten Methoden zeigen, dass dieser Basidiomyzet in Patienten mit Erkrankungen der NNH viel häufiger vorkommt, als man bisher angenommen hat.
Gold nanoparticle colorants as traditional ceramic glaze alternatives
Authors: Lambertson Raef H. , Lacy Christie A. , Gillespie Samuel D. , Leopold Michael C. , Coppage Ryan H. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractHistorically, Roman stained glass has been a standard for high‐temperature color stability since biblical times but was not properly characterized as emission from nanoparticle plasmon resonance until the 1990s. The methods under which it was created have been lost, but some efforts have recently been made to recreate these properties using gold nanoparticle inks on glassy surfaces. This body of work employs gold nanoparticle systems ranging from 0.015% to 0.100% (wt/wt), suspended in a clear glaze body. The glazes are fired with traditional ceramic methods—in both gas reduction and electric oxidation kilns—in which nanoparticles are retained and can be imaged via TEM. Various colors intensities are reported in addition to changes in nanoparticle size after application and firing. The nanoparticle glazes are compared to traditional red glazes, highlighting the significantly lower metal loading required (5%‐10% for traditional glazes vs 0.100% for gold (wt/wt)), therein. Finally, proof of concept is provided with a functional gold nanoparticle mug, fired in reduction, that costs roughly 0.98$ USD in gold used.
Physical activity prescription by primary care nurses using health assets: Study design of a randomized controlled trial in patients with cardiovascular risk factors
Authors: Riera‐Sampol Aina , Tauler Pedro , Bennasar‐Veny Miquel , Leiva Alfonso , Artigues‐Vives Guillem , De Pedro‐Gómez Joan , Pericàs Jordi , Moreno Carlos , Arbos Maite , Aguilo Antoni 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimTo analyse the efficacy of a 12‐month multifactorial intervention by primary care nurses in increasing adherence to physical activity prescription (150 min/week) in patients with two or more cardiovascular risk factors and with cardiovascular risk up to 15% determined by the REGICOR equation.BackgroundIn Spain, cardiovascular diseases are responsible for 30.5% of deaths. Regular physical activity decreases mortality risk due to cardiovascular diseases but the effectiveness of physical activity prescription in routine in primary care settings has been shown to be low.DesignMulticentre, single‐blind, parallel randomized (in two different branches) clinical trial.MethodsAt least 368 participants will be recruited (184 control and 184 intervention), to show an 8% increase in adherence to the physical activity prescription (1.2% control group and 9.2% intervention group). Participants will be patients aged 35–75 years with at least two cardiovascular risk factors and with a cardiovascular risk of up to 15% measured using the Framingham‐REGICOR equation. Intervention will be performed throughout baseline and three follow‐up visits. A motivational interview, the trans‐theoretical stages of changes of Prochaska and DiClemente and an individualized prescription of physical exercise using physical activity assets will be used in the intervention. Data will be collected at baseline and after the 1‐year intervention.DiscussionThe present study will allow us to find out whether this brief multifactorial intervention induces greater adherence to physical activity prescription than usual practice, improving the quality of patient care.Trial RegistrationInternational Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN): ISRCTN76069254. Protocol version 1.1, 6 July 2015.
Affective empathy, cognitive empathy and social attention in children at high risk of criminal behaviour
Authors: van Zonneveld Lisette , Platje Evelien , de Sonneville Leo , van Goozen Stephanie , Swaab Hanna 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundEmpathy deficits are hypothesized to underlie impairments in social interaction exhibited by those who engage in antisocial behaviour. Social attention is an essential precursor to empathy; however, no studies have yet examined social attention in relation to cognitive and affective empathy in those exhibiting antisocial behaviour.MethodsParticipants were 8‐ to 12‐year‐old children at high risk of developing criminal behaviour (N = 114, 80.7% boys) and typically developing controls (N = 43, 72.1% boys). The high‐risk children were recruited through an ongoing early identification and intervention project of the city of Amsterdam, focusing on the underage siblings or children of delinquents and those failing primary school. Video clips with neutral and emotional content (fear, happiness and pain) were shown, while heart rate (HR), skin conductance level (SCL) and skin conductance responses (SCRs) were recorded to measure affective empathy. Answers to questions about emotions in the clips were coded to measure cognitive empathy. Eye‐tracking was used to evaluate visual scanning patterns towards social relevant cues (eyes and face) in the clips.ResultsThe high‐risk group did not differ from the control group in social attention and cognitive empathy, but showed reduced HR to pain and fear, and reduced SCL and SCRs to pain.ConclusionsChildren at high risk of developing criminal behaviour show impaired affective empathy but unimpaired social attention and cognitive empathy. The implications for early identification and intervention studies with antisocial children are discussed.
Sexual coloration and sperm performance in the Australian painted dragon lizard, Ctenophorus pictus
Authors: McDiarmid C. S. , Friesen C. R. , Ballen C. , Olsson M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractTheory predicts trade‐offs between pre‐ and post‐copulatory sexually selected traits. This relationship may be mediated by the degree to which males are able to monopolize access to females, as this will place an upper limit on the strength of post‐copulatory selection. Furthermore, traits that aid in mate monopolization may be costly to maintain and may limit investment in post‐copulatory traits, such as sperm performance. Australian painted dragons are polymorphic for the presence or absence of a yellow gular patch (‘bibs’), which may aid them to monopolize access to females. Previous work has shown that there are physiological costs of carrying this bib (greater loss of body condition in the wild). Here, we show that male painted dragons use this bright yellow bib as both an inter‐ and intrasexual signal, and we assess whether this signal is traded off against sperm performance within the same individuals. We found no relationship between aspects of bib colour and sperm swimming velocity or percentage of motile sperm and suggest that the bib polymorphism may be maintained by complex interactions between physiological or life‐history traits including other sperm or ejaculate traits and environmental influences.
Cyst‐Theca Relationship and Phylogenetic Position of Impagidinium caspienense Incubated from Caspian Sea Surface Sediments: Relation to Gonyaulax baltica and Evidence for Heterospory within Gonyaulacoid Dinoflagellates
Authors: Mertens Kenneth N. , Takano Yoshihito , Gu Haifeng , Bagheri Siamak , Pospelova Vera , Pieńkowski Anna J. , Leroy Suzanne A. G. , Matsuoka Kazumi 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe investigate the cyst‐theca relationship of Impagidinium caspienense. Through an incubation experiment, we succeeded in examining the motile stage. Additional molecular analysis of single‐cyst PCR (LSU and SSU rDNA) reveal that the cyst is related to the species Gonyaulax baltica Ellegaard et al. (). The ability of this species to belong to two types of cyst‐based genera (spiniferate and impagidinioid) suggests that environmental (particularly salinity) and not genetic factors explain the formation of both morphotypes by G. baltica, which provides evidence for heterospory in this species. The affiliation to G. baltica demonstrates that I. caspienense is not endemic to the Caspian Sea. The phylogenetic position of several other gonyaulacoid species is also documented: Impagidinium pallidum, Ataxiodinium choane, Pyxidinopsis psilata, Spiniferites belerius, and Spiniferites ramosus. The LSU and SSU rDNA based phylogenies suggest that the genera Impagidinium and Spiniferites are not monophyletic, and that P. psilata and A. choane are close to Gonyaulax verior and Gonyaulax polygramma, respectively. In addition, this study accentuates the importance of cyst morphology in the classification of the Gonyaulacales.
Brain aging and neurodegeneration: from a mitochondrial point of view
Authors: Grimm Amandine , Eckert Anne 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAging is defined as a progressive time‐related accumulation of changes responsible for or at least involved in the increased susceptibility to disease and death. The brain seems to be particularly sensitive to the aging process since the appearance of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, is exponential with the increasing age. Mitochondria were placed at the center of the ‘free‐radical theory of aging’, because these paramount organelles are not only the main producers of energy in the cells, but also to main source of reactive oxygen species. Thus, in this review, we aim to look at brain aging processes from a mitochondrial point of view by asking: (i) What happens to brain mitochondrial bioenergetics and dynamics during aging? (ii) Why is the brain so sensitive to the age‐related mitochondrial impairments? (iii) Is there a sex difference in the age‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction? Understanding mitochondrial physiology in the context of brain aging may help identify therapeutic targets against neurodegeneration.This article is part of a series “Beyond Amyloid”.image
Immunotropic aspect of the Bacillus coagulans probiotic action
Authors: Bomko Tatiana V , Nosalskaya Tatiana N , Kabluchko Tatiana V , Lisnyak Yury V , Martynov Artur V 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Objectives
Currently, probiotics are increasingly used as the alternative to antibiotics as well as the preventive measures in humans. In particular, probiotics occupy a key position in the treatment of antibiotics-associated intestinal dysbiosis. A spore-forming microorganism lactobacillus Bacillus coagulans is one of the most promising probiotics. However, some of its pharmacological effects remain poorly understood. This study was aimed at investigation of the effect of B. coagulans (Laktovit Forte) on the intestinal dysbiosis syndrome in mice caused by streptomycin against the background of cyclophosphamide-induced cellular immunodeficiency.

Methods
Pharmacological method: mouse model in vivo with immunodeficiency caused by cyclophosphamide.

Key findings
In mice with colitis caused by streptomycin treatment, the administration of B. coagulans (Laktovit Forte medicinal product) resulted in an antidiarrhoeal effect, normalisation of gastrointestinal motility and prevention of the animals’ weight loss. Given the cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression and streptomycin-associated diarrhoea, the immunity was completely restored only under the action of B. coagulans.

Conclusions
According to all parameters, B. coagulans has been proved to be more effective as compared to the Linex Forte reference product containing lacto- and bifidobacteria.
Usefulness and accuracy of MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry as a supplementary tool to identify mosquito vector species and to invest in development of international database
Authors: RAHARIMALALA F. N. , ANDRIANINARIVOMANANA T. M. , RAKOTONDRASOA A. , COLLARD J. M. , BOYER S. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractArthropod‐borne diseases are important causes of morbidity and mortality. The identification of vector species relies mainly on morphological features and/or molecular biology tools. The first method requires specific technical skills and may result in misidentifications, and the second method is time‐consuming and expensive. The aim of the present study is to assess the usefulness and accuracy of matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS) as a supplementary tool with which to identify mosquito vector species and to invest in the creation of an international database. A total of 89 specimens belonging to 10 mosquito species were selected for the extraction of proteins from legs and for the establishment of a reference database. A blind test with 123 mosquitoes was performed to validate the MS method. Results showed that: (a) the spectra obtained in the study with a given species differed from the spectra of the same species collected in another country, which highlights the need for an international database; (b) MALDI‐TOF MS is an accurate method for the rapid identification of mosquito species that are referenced in a database; (c) MALDI‐TOF MS allows the separation of groups or complex species, and (d) laboratory specimens undergo a loss of proteins compared with those isolated in the field. In conclusion, MALDI‐TOF MS is a useful supplementary tool for mosquito identification and can help inform vector control.
Lay perspectives on the costs and risks of forgiving
Authors: STRELAN PETER , CRABB SHONA , CHAN DEBBIE , JONES LAURA 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn this study, we directly investigated, for the first time, lay perspectives on the costs and risks of forgiveness (N = 130). Participants described previously experienced situations where forgiveness was costly, from the perspective of a grantor, a recipient, and as a third‐party observer. They also identified occasions when they thought it would be risky to forgive. We employed complementary quantitative and thematic analysis strategies to examine prevailing themes. The vast majority of participants believed forgiveness was risky, with approximately two thirds reporting both actual and vicarious experiences of costly forgiveness. An overarching theme was that power relations are particularly relevant to laypeople when they consider the costs and risks of forgiving.
Restoring the foundation of the Everglades ecosystem: assessment of edaphic responses to hydrologic restoration scenarios
Authors: Osborne Todd Z. , Fitz Harold Carl , Davis Stephen E. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBecause of the significant role soils play in the health and function of the Everglades ecosystem, soil conservation is a central tenet of Everglades restoration. As such, it is critical to anticipate ecosystem responses to hydrologic restoration activities from the perspective of the soil component. The broad goal of this work was to investigate the resulting effects of various hydrologic restoration scenarios on soil processes of phosphorus and carbon accretion by modeling soil edaphic processes using the Everglades Landscape Model. The results of modeling effort suggest that full implementation of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan provides the greatest spatial reduction of phosphorus (P) enrichment throughout the system. The existing condition baseline (ECB) scenario, which represents the current hydrologic and nutrient impaired condition, produced the highest observed rates of soil carbon accretion; however, this scenario is successful in accretion of soil carbon due to elevated P conditions, not restored hydrology. Management implications of restoration with respect to soil elucidated from this work include: (1) prioritization of habitat quality and ecosystem function (via P reduction) over carbon sequestration potential and (2) need to reduce P inputs before restoring hydrologic connectivity and historic flows.
Determinants of peripheral airway function in adults with and without asthma
Authors: Robinson Paul D. , King Gregory G. , Sears Malcolm R. , Hong Chuen Y. , Hancox Robert J. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackground and objectivePeripheral airway involvement in asthma remains poorly understood. We investigated impulse oscillometry (IOS) measures of peripheral airway function in a population‐based birth cohort.MethodsPre‐ and post‐bronchodilator spirometry and IOS measures of respiratory resistance and reactance were measured in 915 participants at age 38 years.ResultsCurrent asthma was associated with impairments in both spirometry and IOS parameters. These impairments were greater in men and in those with childhood persistent asthma. Spirometry and IOS values for those whose asthma was in remission were not different to non‐asthmatic participants. There were significant changes in IOS in both asthmatic and non‐asthmatic participants after bronchodilator, but between‐group differences persisted. Higher BMIs were associated with impairments in IOS but not spirometry. Cumulative tobacco use was associated with spirometric airflow obstruction in both sexes, whereas cannabis use was associated with impairments in IOS in women. Despite higher lifetime exposure, there were few associations between cannabis and IOS in men.ConclusionAsthma is associated with abnormalities in IOS measures of peripheral airway dysfunction. This association is stronger in men and in those with asthma persisting since childhood. Tobacco and cannabis use are associated with different patterns of spirometry and IOS abnormalities and may affect the bronchial tree at different airway generations with differences in susceptibility between sexes.