bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Value of septoturbinal flap in the frontal sinus drill‐out type IIb according to draf
Authors: Fiorini Francesca Romana , Nogueira Claudia , Verillaud Benjamin , Sama Anshul , Herman Philippe 
Published: March 2016

Objectives/HypothesisThe Draf IIb aims at widening the frontal sinus drainage in a minimally invasive fashion. However, this technique is associated with a high stenosis rate. Hence, local nasal flaps have been recently introduced or designed to speed up mucosal healing and prevent scarring.Study DesignThe objective of this study was to present the septoturbinal flap (STF), its use in a Draf IIb, and to examine postoperative outcomes of this procedure.MethodsFrom an initial pool of 48 patients with frontal sinus disease to be treated with a Draf IIb, we prospectively selected 46 (95.84%) patients, submitted to a Draf IIb with STF in two Institutions, from November 2010 to November 2014. We excluded two cases (4.16%) for which a flap could not be performed for anatomic restrictions. We present the STF technique and describe demographic data, indication for surgery, and surgery type.ResultsIndications for surgery included 24 (52.17%) mucoceles or mucopyoceles, 12 (26.1%) chronic rhinosinusitis, four (8.7%) osteomas, two (4.35%) meningoencephaloceles, and four (8.7%) inverted papillomas. Difficult anatomic conditions were encountered in half of the patients.Restenosis of the frontal sinus drainage pathway occurred in one (2.17%) patient. Far‐seated frontal mucoceles recurred in two cases (4.35%), with frontal drainage pathway remaining patent. Rescue treatment comprised a Draf III in two cases and one frontal sinus obliteration. Outcome was favorable for 43 (93.5%) patients.ConclusionThe use of STF was associated with a high rate of success for a Draf IIb.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 126:2428–2432, 2016
Effect of vocal fold asymmetries on glottal flow
Authors: Oren Liran , Khosla Sid , Gutmark Ephraim 
Published: March 2016

Objectives/HypothesisVoice disorders, such as unilateral vocal fold paralysis or paresis, and vocal fold scarring feature structural asymmetries of the vocal folds. Studies on how structural asymmetries affect voice has mostly been limited to computational simulations and experiments on mechanical models. The purpose of the current study is to examine the effects of asymmetries in left–right position, height, and length of the vocal folds on the intraglottal flow characteristics, as well as acoustics in the canine larynx model.Study DesignBasic science.MethodsMeasurements of intraglottal flow velocity fields were taken in excised canine larynges using particle image velocimetry. Asymmetries of the vocal folds are induced by translating the vocal processes in space using a prong apparatus connected to a micrometer.ResultsAsymmetries in length height and abduction produced a reduction in the intraglottal vortices strength and subsequently the glottal efficiency.ConclusionCurrent findings can affect future recommendations for surgical interventions that are used to treat unilateral vocal fold paralysis.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 126:2534–2538, 2016
Computational vademecums for real‐time simulation of surgical cutting in haptic environments
Authors: Quesada Carlos , González David , Alfaro Iciar , Cueto Elías , Chinesta Francisco 
Published: March 2016

SummaryA new method for the real‐time simulation of surgical cutting in haptic environments is presented. It is based on the intensive use of computational vademecums, that is, a sort of computational parametric meta‐model, which is computed offline and only evaluated online. Therefore, the necessary time savings are obtained, allowing for feedback responses on the order of kilohertz. Such a high‐dimensional, parametric solution of the problem is computed by employing proper generalized decomposition for the offline phase of the method, along with X‐FEM techniques for the incorporation of the discontinuities in the displacement field after cutting, in the online phase. A thorough description of the proposed method, along with examples of its performance in the simulation of corneal surgery, are provided. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intermediate divergence levels maximize the strength of structure–sequence correlations in enzymes and viral proteins
Authors: Jackson Eleisha L. , Shahmoradi Amir , Spielman Stephanie J. , Jack Benjamin R. , Wilke Claus O. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractStructural properties such as solvent accessibility and contact number predict site‐specific sequence variability in many proteins. However, the strength and significance of these structure–sequence relationships vary widely among different proteins, with absolute correlation strengths ranging from 0 to 0.8. In particular, two recent works have made contradictory observations. Yeh et al. (Mol. Biol. Evol. 31:135–139, 2014) found that both relative solvent accessibility (RSA) and weighted contact number (WCN) are good predictors of sitewise evolutionary rate in enzymes, with WCN clearly out‐performing RSA. Shahmoradi et al. (J. Mol. Evol. 79:130–142, 2014) considered these same predictors (as well as others) in viral proteins and found much weaker correlations and no clear advantage of WCN over RSA. Because these two studies had substantial methodological differences, however, a direct comparison of their results is not possible. Here, we reanalyze the datasets of the two studies with one uniform analysis pipeline, and we find that many apparent discrepancies between the two analyses can be attributed to the extent of sequence divergence in individual alignments. Specifically, the alignments of the enzyme dataset are much more diverged than those of the virus dataset, and proteins with higher divergence exhibit, on average, stronger structure–sequence correlations. However, the highest structure–sequence correlations are observed at intermediate divergence levels, where both highly conserved and highly variable sites are present in the same alignment.
Biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, and classical biological control
Authors: Evans Edward W. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIncreasing concern over worldwide loss of biodiversity has led ecologists to focus intently on how ecosystem functioning may depend on diversity. In applied entomology, there is longstanding interest in the issue, especially as regards the importance of natural enemy diversity for pest control. Here I review parallels in interest, conceptual framework, and conclusions concerning biodiversity as it affects ecosystem functioning in general and classical biological control in particular. Whereas the former focuses on implications of loss of diversity, the latter focuses on implications of increase in diversity as additional species of natural enemies are introduced to novel communities in new geographic regions for insect pest and weed control. Many field studies now demonstrate that ecosystem functioning, e.g., as reflected in primary productivity, is enhanced and stabilized over time by high diversity as the community increases in its efficiency in exploiting available resources. Similarly, there is growing field support for the generalization that increasing species and functional diversity of natural enemies leads to increasing pest suppression. Nonetheless a central concern of classical biological control in particular, as it seeks to minimize non-target effects, remains as to whether one or a few species of natural enemies can provide sufficient pest control.
Spectroscopic analysis of high electric field enhanced ionization in laser filaments in air for corona guiding
Authors: Wei Yingxia , Liu Yaoxiang , Wang Tie-Jun , Chen Na , Ju Jingjing , Liu Yonghong , Sun Haiyi , Wang Cheng , Liu Jiansheng , Lu Haihe , Chin See Leang , Li Ruxin 
Published: March 2016

We report on a systematic experimental study on the fluorescence spectra produced from a femtosecond laser filament in air under a high electric field. The electric field alone was strong enough to create corona discharge (CD). Fluorescence spectra from neutral and ionic air molecules were measured and compared with pure high-voltage CD and pure laser filamentation (FIL). Among them, high electric field assisted laser FIL produced nitrogen fluorescence more efficiently than either pure CD or pure FIL processes. The nonlinear enhancement of fluorescence from the interaction of the laser filament and corona discharging electric field resulted in a more efficient ionization along the laser filament zone, which was confirmed by the spectroscopic measurement of both ionization-induced fluorescence and plasma-scattered 800 nm laser pulses. This is believed to be the key precursor process for filament-guided discharge.
Subglacial processes on an Antarctic ice stream bed. 2: Can modelled ice dynamics explain the morphology of mega-scale glacial lineations?
Authors: JAMIESON STEWART S.R. , STOKES CHRIS R. , LIVINGSTONE STEPHEN J. , VIELI ANDREAS , Ó COFAIGH COLM , HILLENBRAND CLAUS-DIETER , SPAGNOLO MATTEO 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTMega-scale glacial lineations (MSGLs) are highly elongate subglacial bedforms associated with ice streaming. However, the link between MSGLs and rapid ice flow is largely qualitative, and there have been few attempts to quantitatively link their formation to ice flow characteristics (e.g. ice velocity, thickness, basal shear stress). We take measurements of MSGLs from a palaeo-ice stream that once occupied Marguerite Trough, Antarctic Peninsula and explore a range of possible correlations with ice dynamics generated from an ensemble of numerical modelling experiments that reproduce the deglaciation of the ice stream. Our results confirm that high mean ice velocities and a weak bed correlate with longer MSGLs. Furthermore, the height of MSGLs are low (2–3 m) where modelled basal shear stress is low, but their height tends to be higher and more variable where basal shear stress is larger. The mean density of MSGLs decreases as ice flux increases. Our analysis further suggests that the length of MSGLs is a function of basal ice velocity and time. Although our data/model correlations confirm the importance of ice velocity in MSGL formation, a significant challenge remains if we are to employ MSGLs as a quantifiable measure of past ice stream velocity.
Identification of sub-groups in acutely ill elderly patients with delirium: a cluster analysis
Authors: Lagarto Luísa , Cerejeira Joaquim 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTBackground:Delirium is a serious neuropsychiatric syndrome affecting mainly elderly participants with acute medical diseases. The pathophysiology of delirium remains poorly understood as it involves complex dynamic interactions between a diversity of risk factors. Exploring how etiological factors interact with each other can clarify the pathophysiological mechanisms and facilitate the early identification of this syndrome. The aim of this study was to explore how different risk factors co-occur in medically ill elderly patients with delirium with cluster analysis and identify clinically meaningful sub-groups in this population.Methods:A cross-sectional study was developed. Ninety-nine elderly inpatients admitted to acute medical wards diagnosed with delirium during hospitalization were selected. For each patient sociodemographic characteristics, acute and chronic medical conditions, laboratory parameters, and current medication were collected.Results:The cluster analysis extracted three distinct subgroups of participants with delirium. Patients in cluster 1 (n = 28) had higher rates of medication with anticholinergic proprieties. Cluster 2 (n = 29) included participants with cardiac and pulmonary comorbidities associated with both chronic and acute reduction of blood flow and/or oxygenation to the brain. Cluster 3 (n = 42 patients) comprised patients with simultaneous deregulation of different organs/systems, such as electrolytic disturbances, metabolic disturbances, and acute renal failure. Known predisposing factors of delirium, such as age and pre-existing dementia, were similar between groups.Conclusions:The results reveal different patterns of clinical characteristics in elderly patients with delirium. This is relevant to clinical care of acute medically ill patients and suggests that different pathways are implicated in delirium pathophysiology.
Eating breakfast together as a family: mealtime experiences and associations with dietary intake among adolescents in rural Minnesota, USA
Authors: Larson Nicole , Wang Qi , Berge Jerica M , Shanafelt Amy , Nanney Marilyn S 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectiveAlthough existing evidence links breakfast frequency to better dietary quality, little is known specifically in regard to the benefits associated with eating breakfast together with one’s family. The present study describes the prevalence and experience of having family meals at breakfast among rural families and examines associations between meal frequency and adolescent diet quality.DesignData were drawn from Project BreakFAST, a group-randomized trial aimed at increasing school breakfast participation in rural Minnesota high schools, USA. Linear mixed models were used to examine associations between student reports of family breakfast frequency and Healthy Eating Index 2010 (HEI-2010) scores while accounting for clustering within schools, demographics and household food security.SettingAdolescent students from sixteen schools completed online surveys, height and weight measurements, and dietary recalls at baseline in 2012–2014.SubjectsThe sample included 827 adolescents (55·1 % girls) in grades 9–10 who reported eating breakfast on at most three days per school week.ResultsOn average, adolescents reported eating breakfast with their family 1·3 (sd1·9) times in the past week. Family breakfast meals occurred most frequently in the homes of adolescents who reported a race other than white (P=0·002) or Hispanic ethnicity (P=0·02). Family breakfast frequency was directly associated with adolescent involvement in preparing breakfast meals (P<0·001) and positive attitudes (P≤0·01) about mealtime importance, interactions and structure. Family breakfast frequency was unrelated to most diet quality markers.ConclusionsFamily meals may be one important context of opportunity for promoting healthy food patterns at breakfast. Additional research is needed to better inform and evaluate strategies.
Making an English Voice: Performing National Identity during the English Musical Renaissance
Authors: OWEN CERI 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis article examines constructions of national musical identity in early twentieth-century Britain by exploring and contextualizing hitherto neglected discourses and practices concerning the production of an ‘English’ singing voice. Tracing the origins and development of ideas surrounding native vocal performance and pedagogy, I reconstruct a culture of English singing as a backdrop against which to offer, by way of conclusion, a reading of the ‘English voice’ performed in Ralph Vaughan Williams's song ‘Silent Noon’. By drawing upon perspectives derived from recent studies of song, vocal production, and national and aesthetic identity, I demonstrate that ‘song’ became a place in which the literal and figurative voices of performers and composers were drawn together in the making of a national music. As such, I advance a series of new historical perspectives through which to rethink notions of an English musical renaissance.
Scarlett Johansson's Body and the Materialization of Voice
Authors: TUNBRIDGE LAURA 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis article considers three science fiction films, released in 2013–14, featuring Scarlett Johansson:Her(dir. Spike Jonze),Lucy(dir. Luc Besson), andUnder the Skin(dir. Jonathan Glazer). It suggests that to engage with the phenomenon of voice in imaginative and productive ways it is necessary to slide over a disciplinary divide and address more explicitly the musicality of speech. In my main example,Her, Johansson provides the voice of an operating system with which the film's protagonist falls in love. Central to their intimate connection is the establishment of what I call the ‘haptic voice’, which conveys a sense of physical proximity. A similar blurring of the boundaries between voice and body occur in the presentation of the alien characters Johansson plays in the other films.
The impact of racial pattern on the genetic improvement of Morada Nova sheep
Authors: Shiotsuki L. , Silva P.H.T. , Silva K.M. , Landim A.V. , Morais O.R. , Facó O. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryThe objective of the present study was to describe the frequency of the main racial traits of Morada Nova sheep and simulate the impact of this culling on the response to selection for birth weight. The data from sex, coat colour, hoof pigmentation, muzzle pigmentation, polled and cryptorchidism were collected individually at weaning from 385 Morada Nova sheep of the red variety, born between 2010 and 2012, which belonged to four different flocks in the state of Ceará, Brazil. To estimate the impact of culling of animals due to racial pattern on the genetic improvement of the Morada Nova population, the genetic gains in birth weight per generation were calculated considering the following different scenarios of culling due to racial pattern in a simulated population. The present results indicate that the most urgent step is flexibilization of the requirement of dark muzzles and hooves. The selection of Morada Nova sheep based on racial pattern has caused losses in the genetic gain for productive traits such as birth weight. Readaptation of the official racial pattern established for Morada Nova sheep is necessary so that the racial pattern is achieved and an adequate number of animals will be available for selection.
Regionale Demenznetzwerke in Deutschland
Authors: Gräske Johannes , Meyer Saskia , Schmidt Annika , Schmidt Sylvia , Laporte Uribe Franziska , Thyrian Jochen René , Schäfer-Walkmann Susanne , Wolf-Ostermann Karin 
Published: March 2016

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Regionale Demenznetzwerke (DNW) nehmen in der ambulanten Versorgung von Menschen mit Demenz (MmD) eine zunehmend wichtigere Stellung ein. Allerdings ist bislang unklar, wie die Lebensqualität von MmD in einem solchen Versorgungsmodell ist. Ziel ist es, die Lebensqualität von Nutzer/innen von DNW – auch hinsichtlich regionaler Unterschiede – zu untersuchen. Methodik: Im Rahmen der DemNet-D-Studie wurden MmD und deren Bezugsperson hinsichtlich typischer Versorgungsparameter (Lebensqualität: QoL-AD, Depression: GDS, herausfordernde Verhaltensweisen: CMAI, Alltagsfähigkeiten: IADL, Belastung der Bezugsperson: BIZA-D) befragt. Weiterhin wurden im Rahmen von Mixed-Model-Analysen auch regionale Unterschiede analysiert. Ergebnisse: Es liegen Daten für 560 MmD (79,7 Jahre; 57,0 % weiblich) sowie deren Bezugspersonen vor. Sowohl in der Selbst- als auch in der Fremdeinschätzung liegt die Lebensqualität auf moderatem Niveau. Die Analysen zeigen suffiziente Erklärungen der Lebensqualität (selbst: p < 0,001, R2 = 0,493; fremd: p < 0,001, R2 = 0,406). Höhere Lebensqualität liegt vor, wenn MmD und die Bezugsperson in einer Wohnung leben sowie bei besseren Alltagsfähigkeiten der MmD. Regionale (städtisch vs. ländlich) Unterschiede konnten nicht festgestellt werden. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Lebensqualität von MmD in der ambulanten Versorgung liegt auf vergleichbarem Niveau wie in anderen Studien zur häuslichen Versorgung. Weitere Untersuchungen dieser neuen Versorgungsstruktur, vor allem hinsichtlich unterschiedlicher Netzwerktypen, sind erforderlich.
IL-1 receptor antagonist ameliorates inflammasome-dependent inflammation in murine and human cystic fibrosis
Authors: Iannitti Rossana G. , Napolioni Valerio , Oikonomou Vasilis , De Luca Antonella , Galosi Claudia , Pariano Marilena , Massi-Benedetti Cristina , Borghi Monica , Puccetti Matteo , Lucidi Vincenzina , Colombo Carla , Fiscarelli Ersilia , Lass-Flörl Cornelia , Majo Fabio , Cariani Lisa , Russo Maria , Porcaro Luigi , Ricciotti Gabriella , Ellemunter Helmut , Ratclif Luigi , De Benedictis Fernando Maria , Talesa Vincenzo Nicola , Dinarello Charles A. , van de Veerdonk Frank L. , Romani Luigina 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDysregulated inflammasome activation contributes to respiratory infections and pathologic airway inflammation. Through basic and translational approaches involving murine models and human genetic epidemiology, we show here the importance of the different inflammasomes in regulating inflammatory responses in mice and humans with cystic fibrosis (CF), a life-threatening disorder of the lungs and digestive system. While both contributing to pathogen clearance, NLRP3 more than NLRC4 contributes to deleterious inflammatory responses in CF and correlates with defective NLRC4-dependent IL-1Ra production. Disease susceptibility in mice and microbial colonization in humans occurrs in conditions of genetic deficiency of NLRC4 or IL-1Ra and can be rescued by administration of the recombinant IL-1Ra, anakinra. These results indicate that pathogenic NLRP3 activity in CF could be negatively regulated by IL-1Ra and provide a proof-of-concept evidence that inflammasomes are potential targets to limit the pathological consequences of microbial colonization in CF.
Stabilin-2 modulates the efficiency of myoblast fusion during myogenic differentiation and muscle regeneration
Authors: Park Seung-Yoon , Yun Youngeun , Lim Jung-Suk , Kim Mi-Jin , Kim Sang-Yeob , Kim Jung-Eun , Kim In-San 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMyoblast fusion is essential for the formation of skeletal muscle myofibres. Studies have shown that phosphatidylserine is necessary for myoblast fusion, but the underlying mechanism is not known. Here we show that the phosphatidylserine receptor stabilin-2 acts as a membrane protein for myoblast fusion during myogenic differentiation and muscle regeneration. Stabilin-2 expression is induced during myogenic differentiation, and is regulated by calcineurin/NFAT signalling in myoblasts. Forced expression of stabilin-2 in myoblasts is associated with increased myotube formation, whereas deficiency of stabilin-2 results in the formation of small, thin myotubes. Stab2-deficient mice have myofibres with small cross-sectional area and few myonuclei and impaired muscle regeneration after injury. Importantly, myoblasts lacking stabilin-2 have reduced phosphatidylserine-dependent fusion. Collectively, our results show that stabilin-2 contributes to phosphatidylserine-dependent myoblast fusion and provide new insights into the molecular mechanism by which phosphatidylserine mediates myoblast fusion during muscle growth and regeneration.
Promotion of mitochondrial biogenesis by necdin protects neurons against mitochondrial insults
Authors: Hasegawa Koichi , Yasuda Toru , Shiraishi Chinatsu , Fujiwara Kazushiro , Przedborski Serge , Mochizuki Hideki , Yoshikawa Kazuaki 
Published: March 2016

AbstractNeurons rely heavily on mitochondria for their function and survival. Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease. PGC-1α is a master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and function. Here we identify necdin as a potent PGC-1α stabilizer that promotes mitochondrial biogenesis via PGC-1α in mammalian neurons. Expression of genes encoding mitochondria-specific proteins decreases significantly in necdin-null cortical neurons, where mitochondrial function and expression of the PGC-1α protein are reduced. Necdin strongly stabilizes PGC-1α by inhibiting its ubiquitin-dependent degradation. Forced expression of necdin enhances mitochondrial function in primary cortical neurons and human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells to prevent mitochondrial respiratory chain inhibitor-induced degeneration. Moreover, overexpression of necdin in the substantia nigra in vivo of adult mice protects dopaminergic neurons against degeneration in experimental Parkinson’s disease. These data reveal that necdin promotes mitochondrial biogenesis through stabilization of endogenous PGC-1α to exert neuroprotection against mitochondrial insults.