bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Does Shareholding by Passive Institutional Investors Impact the Corporate Governance of European Firms?
Authors: Bevza Irina , O’Hagan Luff Martha 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTResearch Question/IssueThe passive investment (PI) trend, characterized by the increasing inflow of investment funds into PI strategies, has resulted in an increase in the share of corporate ownership held via investments in PI strategies. This paper investigates this trend's consequential impact on European companies' corporate governance (CG).Research Findings/InsightsWe find that higher ownership by passive institutional investors (PIIs) is associated with fewer female directors, reduced independence in audit and nomination committees, and higher executive pay, negatively impacting CG. Nevertheless, our findings show that PIIs can increase the probability that a company has a policy regarding the adequate experience of board members and equal treatment of shareholders.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsWe hypothesize that the level of ownership could be the missing link connecting mixed theories about the impact of ownership by PIIs on the CG of companies they invest in. A curvilinear relationship between the two could allow conflicting theories to coexist in one framework. We find weak evidence for a curvilinear relationship, but this relationship may become more prevalent if PII ownership of European companies increases because of regulatory changes.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsSome critics have proposed limiting PII voting rights, but our findings suggest that the effect of PII ownership may become less negative beyond a certain level of ownership and that PIIs may play a positive role in enhancing board experience and shareholder equity policies. Restricting PIIs may not necessarily be beneficial for the CG of companies they invest in.
Superior benefits of sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors compared with dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors for diabetic kidney disease: A cohort study
Authors: Chen Hsiao‐Ling , Wang I‐Ting , Tsai Yi‐Wen , Lee Yu‐Hsuan , Chen Chen‐Huan , Chiang Chern‐En , Cheng Hao‐Min 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimTo compare cardiorenal outcomes of dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors (DPP‐4is) and sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors (SGLT‐2is) in a national diabetic kidney disease (DKD) population.MethodsA cohort study was conducted using Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database and Laboratory Databases. Propensity score‐matched prevalent new users of SGLT‐2is (n = 1524) and DPP‐4is (n = 6005) during 2017‐2018 were selected from adults with DKD and an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of less than 60 mL/min/1.73m2. Composite renal outcomes included sustained eGFR decrease, renal failure and renal mortality. Composite cardiovascular (CV) outcomes included acute myocardial infarction, stroke, hospitalization for heart failure and CV death. Cox proportional hazards models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsCompared with DPP‐4i users, SGLT‐2i users had a reduced risk of composite renal endpoint (HR: 0.16; CI: 0.12‐0.24), consistently for a prolonged time to 50% or higher eGFR decrease (HR 0.17; CI: 0.11‐0.27), renal failure (HR: 0.14; CI: 0.08‐0.23) and decreased renal death (HR: 0.10; CI: 0.01‐0.70). SGLT‐2i users had a better composite CV outcome than DPP‐4i users (HR: 0.74; CI: 0.64‐0.85), and lower risks of stroke (HR: 0.76; CI: 0.62‐0.92) and hospitalization for heart failure (HR: 0.68; CI: 0.55‐0.84). Findings were consistent in analyses stratified by concomitant antidiabetic agents or intervals between DKD diagnosis and study drug initiation.ConclusionsThis study shows the superior cardiorenal benefits of SGLT‐2is compared with DPP‐4is in the DKD population, regardless of concomitant antidiabetic agents or time from DKD onset to study drug initiation. SGLT‐2is should be prioritized in adult patients with DKD.
Low‐calorie, high‐protein diets, regardless of protein source, improve glucose metabolism and cardiometabolic profiles in subjects with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes and overweight or obesity
Authors: Rodrigo‐Carbó Carmen , Madinaveitia‐Nisarre Loreto , Pérez‐Calahorra Sofía , Gracia‐Rubio Irene , Cebollada Alberto , Galindo‐Lalana Carlos , Mateo‐Gallego Rocío , Lamiquiz‐Moneo Itziar 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimThe aim was to study the effect of two low‐calorie, high‐protein (HP) diets, with most of the protein coming from animal or plant sources, on glycaemic and other cardiometabolic outcomes in subjects with overweight or obesity and glucose metabolism disorders.Materials and MethodsA total of 117 participants aged >18 years with body mass index over 27.5 kg/m2 and prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were randomized to one of two HP low‐calorie diets (35% of total calories from protein), in which 75% of the protein was from either plant‐based sources (HPP) or animal sources (HPA). For both diets, 30% and 35% of the total calories were from fat and carbohydrates, respectively. The dietary intervention lasted 6 months.ResultsBoth diets improved body composition to a similar extent, including weight loss (−8.05 ± 5.12 kg for the HPA diet and −7.70 ± 5.47 kg for the HPP diet at 6 months) and fat mass, mainly visceral fat. Both diets had a similar beneficial effect on glucose metabolism, including fasting glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index and glycated haemoglobin. Other biochemical parameters, including lipid profiles, liver enzymes, adipokines and inflammatory biomarkers, similarly improved in both groups. Fasting incretins, mainly glucagon‐like peptide 1, decreased significantly in both groups, and this effect correlated with weight loss.ConclusionsLow‐calorie HP diets improved body composition, glucose metabolism and other cardiometabolic outcomes, regardless of protein source (either animal or plant sources), in outpatients with prediabetes or T2DM.Clinical Trial RegistrationThe clinical trial was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier: NCT05456347) https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05456347?term=NCT05456347&rank=1.
The recovery of decreased executive attention in Tibetan migrants at high‐altitude
Authors: Wang Nian‐Nian , Yu Si‐Fang , Chen Dong‐Mei , Hu Quan‐Ling , Han Chen‐Xiao , Yang Xi‐Yue , Huang Xiao‐Yan , Ding Bi‐Yu , Wu Qing‐Ya , Su Rui , Li Hao , Ma Hai‐Lin , Liu Ming , Zhang De‐Long 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAttention is one of the basic cognitive functions sensitive to high altitude, and most studies have focussed on exposure times of approximately 3 years; however, it is unclear how attention changes in migrants who have lived and worked at high altitude for nearly 20 years. We explored the dynamics of attentional networks and neurophysiological mechanisms in migrants over 3–20 years using the Attentional Network Test combined with Electrocardiograph and Electroencephalography and found a consistent quadratic correlation between exposure and executive control efficiency, P3 amplitude and heart rate variability (HRV), with a decrease followed by an increase/relative stability, with approximately 10 years being the breakpoint. However, neither linear nor quadratic trajectories were observed for the alerting and orienting network. Mediation analysis revealed that the P3 amplitude mediated the decrease and increase in executive control efficiency with exposure time depends on the breakpoint. Correlations between HRV and executive control efficiency and P3 amplitude suggest that U‐shaped changes in executive control in migrants may be related to body homeostasis maintained by the autonomic nervous system, and that P3 amplitude may serve as a neurophysiological marker of migrants' adaptation/recovery from high‐altitude exposure.
Construction of Fatigue Criteria Through Positive‐Unlabeled Learning
Authors: Coudray Olivier , Bristiel Philippe , Dinis Miguel , Keribin Christine , Pamphile Patrick 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe reliability of vehicles is a significant issue for automotive manufacturers, with mechanical fatigue representing a pivotal aspect of the design process. To accelerate the development of novel mechanical components, automotive manufacturers are increasingly employing numerical simulations with the objective of markedly reducing the number of prototype validation tests. This requires the utilization of efficient fatigue criteria capable of accurately identifying critical zones in numerical models. However, the current fatigue criteria frequently fail to demonstrate a satisfactory correlation with the results obtained from fatigue test rigs. In response, this paper proposes a probabilistic Dang Van criterion that accounts for variability in fatigue results within a multiaxial context. Additionally, a fatigue database comprising numerical results and test reports on automotive chassis components is introduced. A novel approach utilizing positive‐unlabeled learning is developed to enhance the predictive accuracy of the fatigue criterion. Its effectiveness is demonstrated through application to the fatigue database.
How hegemonic masculinity injures migrant men: A multilevel analysis of African men in South Korea's low‐wage labor market
Authors: Yoon Sharon J. , Udor Rita 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWith the rapid influx of labor migration and accelerating rates of globalization, studies of hegemonic masculinity have become increasingly divided in representing the amount of agency marginalized men have access to in constructing alternative, more hybrid masculine ideals as they travel overseas. This paper offers a new methodological approach for studying hegemonic masculinity. Specifically, we analyze how multiple forces at the structural, interpersonal, and individual levels work together as a system of oppression. As our case study, we focus on African bachelors who have migrated to South Korea to fill the demand for 3‐d (dirty, difficult, and dangerous) labor. By analyzing 30 interviews and two years of ethnographic observation of African migrants in Korea, our study demonstrates how migrant men become trapped by their desires to perform their masculine worth as reliable wage laborers, even at the cost of their physical and emotional well‐being. While past studies on undocumented migrant workers in Korea have highlighted their heightened exposure to institutional violence, we shed light on how structural forces also bleed into the private spaces of everyday life, shaping the intimate relationships and personal desires of marginalized men themselves.
Evaluation of Basmati Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes for Seedling Growth and Leaf Physiology Under High‐Temperature Stress
Authors: Baloch Rania , Saleem Muhammad Farrukh , Shahbaz Muhammad , Sarwar Muhammad 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTRice, a staple food crop for over half of the global population, is facing a serious threat of rising temperature due to climate change, especially in the areas producing Basmati rice. The main objectives of the study were to compare the promising cultivars of Basmati rice for heat stress tolerance and to assess how elevated temperature affects leaf physiological and morphological parameters of fine rice at seedling stage. A 2‐year‐controlled pot experiment was carried out to evaluate how different Basmati rice varieties respond to heat stress. The experiment was carried out at the Agronomic research area, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan, during 2022 and 2023. The design of experiment was completely randomised design (CRD) with split treatment structure and four replications. Plant morphology, leaf temperature, chlorophyll contents, relative cell injury and relative water contents were evaluated for both experimental years. Heat stress significantly affected all morphological and physiological attributes such as chlorophyll contents, relative water contents and relative cell injury across different varieties. There was variation in the behaviour of different varieties under stress conditions as compared to no heat, but from the results it was very clear that Kisan Basmati and PK‐1121 Aromatic constantly showed poor performance under both conditions for all the recorded parameters. However, in almost each parameter evaluated, Basmati‐515, Super Basmati and NIAB‐16 exhibited Superior thermo tolerance and better performance. On the basis of observed morphological and physiological attributes, Kisan and PK‐1121 Aromatic Basmati were graded as sensitive varieties, while Basmati‐515, Super Basmati and NIAB‐16 showed tolerance to heat stress as compared to other varieties. However, further research is needed to explore the underlying mechanisms and genetic factors contributing to the sensitivity or tolerance observed in these varieties.
Development and Validation of an Artificial Intelligence–Assisted Patient Education Material for Ostomy Patients: A Methodological Study
Authors: Yüceler Kaçmaz Hatice , Kahraman Hilal , Akutay Seda , Dağdelen Derya 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAimTo develop and test the validity of an artificial intelligence–assisted patient education material for ostomy patients.DesignA methodological study.MethodsThe study was carried out in two main stages and five steps: (1) determining the information needs of ostomy patients, (2) creating educational content, (3) converting the educational content into patient education material, (4) validation of patient education material based on expert review and (5) measuring the readability of the patient education material. We used ChatGPT 4.0 to determine the information needs and create patient education material content, and Publuu Online Flipbook Maker was used to convert the educational content into patient education material. Understandability and applicability scores were assessed using the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool submitted to 10 expert reviews. The tool inter‐rater reliability was determined via the intraclass correlation coefficient. Readability was analysed using the Flesch–Kincaid Grade Level, Gunning Fog Index and Simple Measure of Gobbledygook formula.ResultsThe mean Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool understandability score of the patient education material was 81.91%, and the mean Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool actionability score was 85.33%. The scores for the readability indicators were calculated to be Flesch–Kincaid Grade Level: 8.53, Gunning Fog: 10.9 and Simple Measure of Gobbledygook: 7.99.ConclusionsThe AI‐assisted patient education material for ostomy patients provided accurate information with understandable and actionable responses to patients, but is at a high reading level for patients.Implications for the Profession and Patient CareArtificial intelligence–assisted patient education materials can significantly increase patient information rates in the health system regarding ease of practice. Artificial intelligence is currently not an option for creating patient education material, and their impact on the patient is not fully known.Reporting MethodThe study followed the STROBE checklist guidelines.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contributions.
Persistence Over Millennia Through Extreme Clonal Longevity: Phylogenomic Insight Into History of One of the World's Rarest Plant Species
Authors: Mráz Patrik , Flašková Lenka , Chrtek Jindřich , Mrázová Viera , Puşcaş Mihai , Josefiová Jiřina , Záveská Eliška 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAimThe evolutionary history of European alpine plant species with medium to large geographical ranges is relatively well explored. Here, we investigate the genetic structure and diversity of an extremely narrow endemic and one of the world's rarest plants.LocationEastern Carpathians, Romania.TaxonAndryala laevitomentosa (Asteraceae), an evolutionarily isolated herb species with a worldwide range limited to five micropopulations distributed along a 1.8 km long mountain ridge.MethodsWe used three plastid loci, nuclear ribosomal ITS and genome‐wide, mostly nuclear 26,272 Single‐Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNPs) obtained from RAD‐seq data. We assessed haplotype and genotype diversity, dated the resulting phylogeographic structure, quantified seed production and inferred vegetative propagation.ResultsMaternally inherited plastid markers and nuclear genomic data revealed a concordant pattern: (i) limited genetic diversity, with seven cpDNA haplotypes and 11 RAD‐seq multilocus genotypes; (ii) a strong geographic structure corresponding to spatially isolated genets (clones). The species is likely of early Pleistocene origin (c. 2 Mya), and the estimated age of individual clones varied from c. 24 to 64 Kya. The average seed set assessed over 3 years was only 0.4%. However, the species reproduces vegetatively by axillary and adventitious rosettes formed on rhizomes and roots, respectively.Main ConclusionsThe strong trade‐off between sexual and vegetative reproduction explains not only a deep and ancient phylogeographic structure but also the rarity of the species. Its survival depends almost entirely on vegetative reproduction. The genets of A. laevitomentosa are amongst the oldest clones ever documented in angiosperms. The persistence of these clones in situ for tens of thousands of years suggests an exceptional ability of this species to adapt to major climatic oscillations throughout the Pleistocene and Holocene and challenge our perception of the extent of resilience in plants.
Do European Capitals of Culture Influence Attitudes Towards and Identification with the European Union?
Authors: Knoll David 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe European Capitals of Culture (ECoC) programme, a cornerstone of EU Cultural Policy, is designed to foster a sense of Europeanness amongst citizens and is described as a legitimizing tool for the EU. Although ECoCs cumulatively form the largest cultural event in Europe, their effectiveness in achieving these goals remains understudied. I contribute the first assessment of the effect of ECoCs on attitudes towards and identification with the EU by comparing ECoC regions before and after the event to non‐winning competitors. Results from difference‐in‐differences regression on Eurobarometer data show that positive effects of ECoCs on attitudes towards and identification with the EU are limited both spatially to the hosting region and temporally to the immediate aftermath of the event. Thus, ECoCs are a tool to bring the EU closer to its citizens, but their effects could be amplified further by strengthening the European dimension of the events.
Yes, we care! Consumer emotional responses to corporate neglect of climate change and the role of individual differences
Authors: Bagozzi Richard P. , Soscia Isabella , Babutsidze Zakaria 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCompany activities are important contributors to climate change. Consumers take companies' actions toward environment into account when they decide to engage with these companies. We study under which conditions corporate misconduct with respect to climate change outrages consumers, eliciting negative moral emotions. Moreover, we explore the capacity of these negative moral emotions to energize consumer decisions and action tendencies to retaliate against “offending” companies. Testing two moderated mediation models on random samples of 152 adult citizens of the United States and 159 adult citizens of France, we show that negative moral emotions experienced by consumers that witness corporate malfeasance toward the climate determine negative attitudes toward the company and intentions to penalize it. Moreover, for both samples, empathy, collective self, and moral identity moderate the relationship between the perception of corporate irresponsibility and moral emotions, while the effect of political orientation is culturally specific. These findings help to uncover under which conditions consumer hostile responses toward corporate misconduct takes place.
The effects of climate change‐related risks on banks: A literature review
Authors: de Bandt Olivier , Kuntz Laura‐Chloé , Pankratz Nora , Pegoraro Fulvio , Solheim Haakon , Sutton Gregory , Takeyama Azusa , Xia Fan Dora 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis literature review describes the recent empirical literature in economics and finance focusing on how climate change‐related risks affect banks, with a particular emphasis on microeconomic evidence. The comparison of empirical estimates shows that many studies project limited estimates of damages for banks. For both loan and bond spreads, most estimates of the effect of climate change are below 50 bp. In comparison, studies on stock markets document responses that are more substantial. In real estate markets, there is evidence of price effects notably for flood risks associated with sea level rise. However, some studies indicate that climate risks could be underestimated. We note challenges related to the measurement of adaptation potential, non‐linear changes in hazards and responses, and the aggregation of effects across studies, markets, and bank portfolios.
Anticipated property tax increases and the timing of home sales: Evidence from administrative data
Authors: Hoyt William , Taulbee Lucas , Yelowitz Aaron 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe infrequent reassessment of properties results in a divergence between the assessed values of current owners and prospective purchasers. This divergence is reduced when properties are reassessed, as is the tax “wedge” between current owners and prospective buyers. We examine how a reassessment‐induced reduction in this tax wedge affects home sales. Using data from Lexington, KY and our preferred approach, we find that reassessments are associated with an increase in sales of approximately 5%. Using an alternative approach, we find that a 10% increase in taxes due to reassessment increases the probability of a sale by 3%.
Using punctuated equilibrium theory to explain changes in policy outputs: The case of the United States Coast Guard
Authors: Morris John C. , Nyadzi Bennet K. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis article explores the utility of punctuated equilibrium (PE) theory in explaining revolutionary organizational change in the public sector and its effects on policy implementation, with a focus on the United States Coast Guard. We illustrate our model using data from in‐depth interviews with current and former senior Coast Guard officers and enlisted personnel, as well as secondary sources such as historical accounts and budget data. Through content analysis, we argue that PE theory begins with a change in the public sector organization's external environment, which then affects organizational strategy, structure, power distribution, and outputs. Punctuated equilibrium theory proves to be a valuable lens for understanding policy outputs in relation to organizational change.Related ArticlesKwon, Sung‐Wook, and Sylvia Gonzalez‐Gorman. 2019. “Influence of Local Political Institutions on Policy Punctuation in Three Policy Areas.” Politics & Policy 47(2): 300–25. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12295.Neill, Katharine A., and John C. Morris. 2012. “A Tangled Web of Principals and Agents: Examining the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill through a Principal–Agent Lens.”Politics & Policy 40(4): 629–56. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2012.00371.x.Peng, Peiwen, and Tangzhe Cao. 2023. “Attention, Institutional Friction, and Punctuated Equilibrium in China's Budget: Changes in Social Security and Employment Expenditure.” Politics & Policy 51(2): 256–82. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12523.