bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection and quantitation of chromosomal mosaicism in human blastocysts using copy number variation sequencing
Authors: Ruttanajit Tida , Chanchamroen Sujin , Cram David S. , Sawakwongpra Kritchakorn , Suksalak Wanwisa , Leng Xue , Fan Junmei , Wang Li , Yao Yuanqing , Quangkananurug Wiwat 
Published: December 2015

AbstractObjectiveCurrently, our understanding of the nature and reproductive potential of blastocysts associated with trophectoderm (TE) lineage chromosomal mosaicism is limited. The objective of this study was to first validate copy number variation sequencing (CNV‐Seq) for measuring the level of mosaicism and second, examine the nature and level of mosaicism in TE biopsies of patient's blastocysts.MethodTE biopy samples were analysed by array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and CNV‐Seq to discriminate between euploid, aneuploid and mosaic blastocysts.ResultsUsing artificial models of TE mosaicism for five different chromosomes, CNV‐Seq accurately and reproducibly quantitated mosaicism at levels of 50% and 20%. In a comparative 24‐chromosome study of 49 blastocysts by array CGH and CNV‐Seq, 43 blastocysts (87.8%) had a concordant diagnosis and 6 blastocysts (12.2%) were discordant. The discordance was attributed to low to medium levels of chromosomal mosaicism (30–70%) not detected by array CGH. In an expanded study of 399 blastocysts using CNV‐Seq as the sole diagnostic method, the proportion of diploid‐aneuploid mosaics (34, 8.5%) was significantly higher than aneuploid mosaics (18, 4.5%) (p < 0.02).ConclusionMosaicism is a significant chromosomal abnormality associated with the TE lineage of human blastocysts that can be reliably and accurately detected by CNV‐Seq. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Psychometric properties of the Parenting Concerns Questionnaire in cancer survivors with minor and young adult children
Authors: Inhestern Laura , Bultmann Johanna C. , Beierlein Volker , Möller Birgit , Romer Georg , Muriel Anna C. , Moore Cynthia W. , Koch Uwe , Bergelt Corinna 
Published: December 2015

AbstractObjectiveAlthough cancer patients with minor children have become more of a focus of psycho‐oncological research, little is known about specific parenting concerns. Instruments to assess the concerns and worries of parents with cancer are rare. The Parenting Concerns Questionnaire (PCQ) addresses this issue. We analyzed parenting concerns in cancer survivors and evaluated the German version of the PCQ.MethodsA total of 1416 cancer survivors with minor and young adult children (≤21 years) were recruited in a register‐based study. Descriptive analyses as well as reliability and validity analyses were conducted. We performed a confirmatory factorial analysis of the factor structure proposed by the authors of the original version on the PCQ.ResultsSeventy‐three percent of the cancer survivors were women, average age was 47.5 years (SD 5.9). Mean time since diagnosis was 44 months (SD 23.4). Between 18 and 31% of survivors reported that they were concerned about their children. The PCQ proved to be a reliable and valid instrument showing medium correlations with standardized measures in expected directions and discriminating between survivors with and without use of psychosocial support services. The factor structure was supported by the confirmatory factorial analysis.ConclusionsAssessing parenting concerns gives an additional insight into the situation of parents with cancer. In our sample of cancer survivors, we identified one out of three survivors being concerned regarding the impact of their illness on their children. The PCQ can be considered as a valid and reliable instrument with regard to identifying concerned parents with cancer. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Participation in pediatric oncology: views of child and adolescent patients
Authors: Ruhe Katharina M. , Badarau Domnita O. , Brazzola Pierluigi , Hengartner Heinz , Elger Bernice S. , Wangmo Tenzin ,   for the Swiss Pediatric Oncology Group (SPOG)
Published: December 2015

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present study is to explore patient's perspectives in pediatric oncology on participation in discussions and decision‐making surrounding their cancer diagnosis.MethodsSeventeen patients between 9 and 17 years of age receiving treatment at centers of the Swiss Pediatric Oncology Group were interviewed for this study. Their interview data was analyzed qualitatively to identify themes with regard to participation in medical communication and/or decision‐making.ResultsParticipants highlighted how their roles in health care discussions varied from direct participation to indirect involvement. Overall, there were fewer accounts of involvement in decision‐making than in overall health care discussions. Challenges with regard to completely understanding the information provided and making decisions were identified. Participants also discussed situations when they were not involved in medical communication or decision‐making. While they generally valued their participation, the preferred level of involvement oscillated between participants as well as within one and the same child across time.ConclusionsThe complex pattern of participation found in this study calls for a flexible model of involving children and adolescents in health care that accounts for the varying roles and preferences that they manifest. A patient may appreciate active involvement in some decisions while choosing to remain in the background for others. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrolyse D'halogéno‐Alcanes II
Authors: Olivier S. C. J. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractDans des recherches cinétiques relatives à un grand nombre de composés aromatiques, on a trouvé, il y a quelques années, qu'en solution neutre ou acide L'ion H+ n'influe pas du tout sur la vitesse de ces réactions.
l'halogène de la chaîne latérale réagit d'autant plus vite avec de l'eau (avec remplacement de l'halogène par le groupe OH), que l'halogène est plus négatif par l'influence de substituants dans le noyau, mais que le quotient:vitesse d'hydrolyse alcaline/vitesse d'hydrolyse en milieu acide diminue à mesure que l'halogène est plus négatif. On a expliqué ce dernier phénomène par l'action répulsive du chlore à l'égard des ions OH−3).Actuellement on a examiné des halogéno‐alcanes (donc des composés aliphatiques), portant un groupe positif (le groupe méthyle) à diverses distances de l'halogène. Les règles susdites restent valables dans ce cas. Mais contrairement à ce qu'on a observé chez les composés aromatiques, l'influence du groupe méthyle ne se manifeste nettement ici que dans le cas où ce groupe se trouve tout près de l'halogène. Cela concorde avec ce que divers auteurs ont constaté pour l'influence d'un substituant dans une chaîne aliphatique saturée.Lorsque, au lieu de comparer les constantes de vitesse, on se sert des énergies d'activation et des constantes d'action d'après Arrhenius‐Scheffer‐Hückel, on n'observe plus de régularités dans les chiffres, ni chez les composés aromatiques, ni chez les combinaisons aliphatiques.A partir de l'oxyde de deutérium au lieu d'eau, la vitesse d'hydrolyse est diminuée de 16% environ.
On the formation of 2,3,4,6‐tetrabromopyridine during the bromination of 2,6‐dibromopyridine at about 500°: (43th Communication on derivatives of pyridine and quinoline.)
Authors: Wibaut J. P. , Bickel A. F. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe bromination of 2,6‐dibromopyridine in the gaseous phase and in the presence of pumice as a contact substance has been reinvestigated in the temperature range of 500‐580°; besides 2,4,6‐tribromopyridine, which is the main product of the reaction as already found by den Hertog and Wibaut1), a tetrabromopyridine of melting point 105‐106° is formed; this compound is 2,3,4,6‐tetrabromopyridine. A very small quantity of pentabromopyridine is also formed.
Crystal structure and semiconductivity of tetraethylammonium bis(isotrithionedithiolato)nickelate(III)
Authors: Groeneveld L. R. , Schuller B. , Haasnoot J. G. , Reedijk J. , Kramer G. J. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe synthesis and crystal structure of ((C2H5)4N) {Ni (C3S5)2} is described. Space group P21/n with a=7. 333(1)Å, b=25.734(3)Å, c=12.798(4)Å, β=104.95(2)° and Z=4. The structure consists of a one‐dimensional zig‐zag chain with alternating Ni‐Ni distances of 4.163Å and 4.243Å, respectively. The temperature dependence of the conductivity shows an unusual behaviour. The relationship ln(σ) ∞ T1/2 is followed instead of the common semiconductor behaviour of ln(σ) ∞ l/T. The unexpectedly high value of the conductivity is related to the size of the counter cation in the crystal lattice.
Sensitivity of composite scores to amyloid burden in preclinical Alzheimer's disease: Introducing the Z‐scores of Attention, Verbal fluency, and Episodic memory for Nondemented older adults composite score
Authors: Lim Yen Ying , Snyder Peter J. , Pietrzak Robert H. , Ukiqi Albulene , Villemagne Victor L. , Ames David , Salvado Olivier , Bourgeat Pierrick , Martins Ralph N. , Masters Colin L. , Rowe Christopher C. , Maruff Paul ,   AIBL Research Group
Published: December 2015

AbstractIntroductionCognitive composite scores developed for preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD) often consist of multiple cognitive domains as they may provide greater sensitivity to detect β‐amyloid (Aβ)–related cognitive decline than episodic memory (EM) composite scores alone. However, this has never been empirically tested. We compared the rate of cognitive decline associated with high Aβ (Aβ+) and very high Aβ (Aβ++) in cognitively normal (CN) older adults on three multidomain cognitive composite scores and one single‐domain (EM) composite score.MethodsCN older adults (n = 423) underwent Aβ neuroimaging and completed neuropsychological assessments at baseline, and at 18‐, 36‐, 54‐, and 72‐month follow‐ups. Four cognitive composite scores were computed: the ADCS‐PACC (ADCS‐Preclinical Alzheimer Cognitive Composite), ADCS‐PACC without the inclusion of the mini‐mental state examination (MMSE), an EM composite, and the Z‐scores of Attention, Verbal fluency, and Episodic memory for Nondemented older adults (ZAVEN) composite.ResultsCompared with Aβ+ CN older adults, Aβ++ CN older adults showed faster rates of decline across all cognitive composites, with the largest decline observed for ZAVEN composite (d = 1.07). Similarly, compared with Aβ− CN older adults, Aβ+ CN older adults also showed faster rates of cognitive decline, but only for the ADCS‐PACC no MMSE (d = 0.43), EM (d = 0.53), and ZAVEN (d = 0.50) composites.DiscussionAβ‐related cognitive decline is best detected using validated neuropsychological instruments. Removal of the MMSE from the ADCS‐PACC and replacing it with a test of executive function (verbal fluency; i.e., the ZAVEN) rendered this composite more sensitive even in detecting Aβ‐related cognitive decline between Aβ+ and Aβ++ CN older adults.
Endogenous DNA Damage and Repair Enzymes
Authors: Klungland Arne , Yang Yun-Gui 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Tomas Lindahl completed his medical studies at Karolinska Institute in 1970. Yet, his work has always been dedicated to unraveling fundamental mechanisms of DNA decay and DNA repair. His research is characterized with groundbreaking discoveries on the instability of our genome, the identification of novel DNA repair activities, the characterization of DNA repair pathways, and the association to diseases, throughout his 40 years of scientific career.
An Outbreak of Severe Group AStreptococcusInfections Associated with Podiatric Application of a Biologic Dermal Substitute
Authors: Ibrahim Lauren A. , Sellick John A. , Watson Elaine L. , McCabe Lisa M. , Schoenhals Karen A. , Martinello Richard A. , Lesse Alan J. 
Published: December 2015

OBJECTIVETo describe an outbreak of severe Group AStreptococcus(GAS) infections that appeared to be associated with use of a biologic dermal substitute on foot woundsDESIGNRetrospective cohort study of cases and similar uninfected patientsSETTING/PATIENTSPatients attending the podiatry clinic at a Veterans Affairs Medical Center between July 2011 and November 2011INTERVENTIONSMicrobiology laboratory data were reviewed for the calendar year, a case definition was established and use of the biologic dermal substitute was discontinued. Staff were cultured to identify potentially colonized employees. A case–cohort study was designed to investigate risk factors for disease.Emmtyping and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) were performed to identify strain similarity.RESULTSIn 10 months, 14 cases were identified, and 4 of these patients died. All strains wereemmtype 28 and were identical according to PFGE. Discontinuation of biologic dermal substitute use halted the outbreak. A prior stroke was more common in the case cohort vs uninfected patient cohorts. The number of patients attending the clinic on 13 probable transmission days was significantly higher than on nontransmission days. We identified 2 patients who were present in the clinic on all but 1 probable transmission day. Surveillance cultures of podiatry clinic staff and cultures of the same lot of retained graft material were negative.CONCLUSIONSA carrier was not identified, and we believe the outbreak was associated with inter-patient transmission likely due to lapses in infection control techniques. No additional cases have been identified in >3 years following the resumption of dermal substitute use in May 2012.Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.2016;37(3):306–312
Direct numerical simulation of gas transfer across the air–water interface driven by buoyant convection
Authors: Wissink J. G. , Herlina H. 
Published: December 2015

A series of direct numerical simulations of mass transfer across the air–water interface driven by buoyancy-induced convection have been carried out to elucidate the physical mechanisms that play a role in the transfer of heat and atmospheric gases. The buoyant instability is caused by the presence of a thin layer of cold water situated on top of a body of warm water. In time, heat and atmospheric gases diffuse into the uppermost part of the thermal boundary layer and are subsequently transported down into the bulk by falling sheets and plumes of cold water. Using a specifically designed numerical code for the discretization of scalar convection and diffusion, it was possible to accurately resolve this buoyant-instability-induced transport of atmospheric gases into the bulk at a realistic Prandtl number ($\mathit{Pr}=6$) and Schmidt numbers ranging from$\mathit{Sc}=20$to$\mathit{Sc}=500$. The simulations presented here provided a detailed insight into instantaneous gas transfer processes. The falling plumes with highly gas-saturated fluid in their core were found to penetrate deep inside the bulk. With an initial temperature difference between the water surface and the bulk of slightly above$2$ K, peaks in the instantaneous heat flux in excess of$1600~\text{W}~\text{m}^{-2}$were observed, proving the potential effectiveness of buoyant-convective heat and gas transfer. Furthermore, the validity of the scaling law for the ratio of gas and heat transfer velocities$K_{L}/H_{L}\propto (\mathit{Pr}/\mathit{Sc})^{0.5}$for the entire range of Schmidt numbers considered was confirmed. A good time-accurate approximation of$K_{L}$was found using surface information such as velocity fluctuations and convection cell size or surface divergence. A reasonable time accuracy for the$K_{L}$estimation was obtained using the horizontal integral length scale and the root mean square of the horizontal velocity fluctuations in the upper part of the bulk.
On locally graded groups with a word whose values are Engel
Authors: Shumyatsky Pavel , Tortora Antonio , Tota Maria 
Published: December 2015

AbstractLet m, n be positive integers, let υ be a multilinear commutator word and let w = υm. We prove that if G is a locally graded group in which all w-values are n-Engel, then the verbal subgroup w(G) is locally nilpotent.
On mass concentration for the critical generalized Korteweg–de Vries equation
Authors: Pigott B. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWe show that blow-up solutions of the critical generalized Korteweg–de Vries equation in H1() concentrate at least the mass of the ground state at the blow-up time. The I-method is used to prove a slightly weaker result in Hs() with 16/17 < s < 1. Under an assumption on the precise blow-up rate, we are able to use similar arguments to prove a more precise analogue of the H1() concentration result over the same range of s.
On the Cameron–Martin theorem and almost-sure global existence
Authors: Oh Tadahiro , Quastel Jeremy 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn this paper we discuss various aspects of invariant measures for nonlinear Hamiltonian partial differential equations (PDEs). In particular, we show almost-sure global existence for some Hamiltonian PDEs with initial data of the form ‘a smooth deterministic function + a rough random perturbation’ as a corollary to the Cameron–Martin theorem and known almost-sure global existence results with respect to Gaussian measures on spaces of functions.
EUGENICS, POPULATION RESEARCH, AND SOCIAL MOBILITY STUDIES IN EARLY AND MID-TWENTIETH-CENTURY BRITAIN
Authors: RENWICK CHRIS 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTEugenics and sociology are often considered polar opposites, with the former seen as a pseudo-science that reduces everything to genes and the other a progressive social science focused on the environment. However, the situation was not quite so straightforward in mid-twentieth-century Britain. As this article shows, eugenics had a number of important formative intellectual, institutional, and methodological impacts on ideas and practices that would find a home in the rapidly expanding and diversifying discipline of sociology after the Second World War. Taking in the careers of leading individuals, including Alexander Carr-Saunders, William Beveridge, Julian Huxley, and David Glass, and focusing on the relationship between eugenics, ‘population research’, and the emerging field of social mobility studies, the article highlights the significant but underappreciated influence interwar biosocial thinking had on intellectual, scientific, and political cultures in post-war Britain. In so doing, the article draws on recent scholarship on the ‘technical identity’ embedded in mid-century British social science, which, it is suggested, provided the link between the research under consideration and the progressive politics of those who carried it out.
The quest for legitimacy in world politics – international institutions’ legitimation strategies
Authors: Gronau Jennifer , Schmidtke Henning 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe article presents a top-down approach to the study of the empirical legitimacy of international institutions. It starts from the observation that international institutions’ representatives are engaged in various strategies aimed at cultivating generalised support. The article asserts that such strategies should be taken into account to gain deeper insights into the legitimation process of international institutions. To systematise these legitimation efforts and facilitate their empirical analysis, the article introduces the concept of legitimation strategies, which are defined as goal-oriented activities employed to establish and maintain a reliable basis of diffuse support. An analytical differentiation between three types of legitimation strategies is introduced depending on the addressees of legitimation strategies, that is, member state governments, international institutions’ staff, and the wider public. The applicability of the concept and the relevance of legitimation strategies for international institutions’ communication, behaviour, and institutional design is demonstrated by an empirical analysis of the G8’s and the IMF’s reaction to legitimation crises in the recent past of both institutions. In addition, the case studies suggest that a balanced set of legitimation strategies that takes into account the legitimacy concerns of all three constituencies is more likely to be successful in improving legitimacy perceptions.
Protecting the Health and Well-being of Populations from Disasters: Health and Health Care in The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030
Authors: Aitsi-Selmi Amina , Murray Virginia 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) 2015-2030 is the first of three United Nations (UN) landmark agreements this year (the other two being the Sustainable Development Goals due in September 2015 and the climate change agreements due in December 2015). It represents a step in the direction of global policy coherence with explicit reference to health, economic development, and climate change. The multiple efforts of the health community in the policy development process, including campaigning for safe schools and hospitals, helped to put people’s mental and physical health, resilience, and well-being higher up the DRR agenda compared with its predecessor, the 2005 Hyogo Framework for Action. This report reflects on these policy developments and their implications and reviews the range of health impacts from disasters; summarizes the widened remit of DRR in the post-2015 world; and finally, presents the science and health calls of the Sendai Framework to be implemented over the next 15 years to reduce disaster losses in lives and livelihoods.Aitsi-SelmiA, MurrayV. Protecting the health and well-being of populations from disasters: health and health care in The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2016;31(1):74–78.
Coming clean on neutrality and independence: The need to assess the application of humanitarian principles
Authors: Schenkenberg van Mierop Ed 
Published: December 2015

AbstractNeutrality and independence continue to be part of the four core humanitarian principles, in addition to humanity and impartiality. Promoting these principles needs to go hand in hand with efforts to apply and implement them. Applying neutrality and independence is a considerable undertaking. This article explains the various aspects of these two principles that are crucial for understanding and applying them. The author suggests that these aspects should be taken into account in assessing whether humanitarian organizations are managing to uphold the principles. In turn, these assessments will enable humanitarian organizations and other stakeholders in humanitarian action to understand what the opportunities and obstacles are in applying independence and neutrality.
Caractérisation de l’élevage familial de la poule locale (Gallus gallus) dans la région de Trarza en Mauritanie
Authors: Ould Ahmed M. , N'Daw A. 
Published: December 2015

RésuméCette étude a été entreprise dans trois villages de la région de Trarza en Mauritanie, afin de caractériser la poule locale. Dans les trois villages enquêtés tous les éleveurs ont été interviewés suivant un questionnaire rédigé en français et traduit oralement enhassanyaou enpoular(langues nationales) si nécessaire. Au total, 56 ménages ont été enquêtés et 260 oiseaux (69 coqs et 191 poules) ont été pesés et mesurés. Il ressort de l’étude que l'aviculture familiale est une activité sous la responsabilité des femmes. Malgré son importance socio-économique, elle n'est pas considérée comme une activité principale chez les enquêtés. L'alimentation, la santé et la faible productivité des poules ont été déclarées comme les principales préoccupations des éleveurs. L’âge moyen des poules à l'entrée en ponte est de 6 mois. Le poids moyen des mâles est de 1324 ± 249 g. Celui des femelles est de 1028 ± 229 g. Le poids moyen pour les deux sexes confondus est de 1107 ± 268 g. Le poids moyen de l’œuf est de 31 ± 4,81 g. Le poids moyen de poussin d'un jour est de 26 ± 6,03 g. Toutes les mensurations corporelles considérées sont plus élevées significativement (p &lt; 0,05) chez les mâles. La variabilité observée des caractères permet d'envisager des possibilités de sélection de souches répondant aux besoins des éleveurs. Chez la poule locale le plumage est très varié et présente plusieurs colorations.