bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of intra-cuff alkalinized lidocaine compared to low dose lidocaine infusion in reducing extubation induced emergence phenomena
Authors: Kadhim Ghison I. 
Published: October 2024

Background & objectives: The commonest method to secure airway in general anesthesia is with the use of endotracheal tube (ETT). However, ETT-induced airway and circulatory reflexes also complicate the emergence, which may lead to potentially harmful complications. We aimed to assess the efficacy of intra-cuff alkalinized lidocaine (ICAL) compared to inj. lidocaine injected intravenously (IV) in minimizing the ETT induced emergence phenomena during recovery and extubation.
Methodology: 60 patients who were candidate for elective intermediate duration operations and were in ASA class 1 and 2 were enrolled in the study. Patients were randomly assigned either to receive ICAL (mixture of 1:1 of lidocaine 2% and 1.4% NaHCO3) or 2% lidocaine 1mg/ kg IV. During recovery from anesthesia and extubation, the frequency of coughing was recorded. The patients were also monitored for development of sore throat, hoarseness of voice, laryngeal spasm and pharyngeal pain during the emergence process, and the vital signs were monitored. The data of the study were analyzed using the SPSS software 20. Statistical comparisons were done by means of independent t-test. The correlation was done between all parameters using chi-square test. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CI). p ≤ 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
Results: ICAL is more potent in preventing cough (p = 0.005), severity of coughing (p = 0.047) and also in preventing sore throat (p = 0.014) compared to inj. lidocaine injected IV. There were no other side effects noted. ICAL is associated with better maintenance of both MAP and HR (p = 0.004 and 0.055 respectively). Although both groups showed increase in sympathetic stimulation.
Conclusions: The efficacy of intra-cuff alkalinized lidocaine is significantly higher than IV lidocaine in suppressing cough, severity of cough, sympathetic stimulation and sore throat in patient undergoing surgeries of one to two hours duration.
Key words: Intra-cuff lidocaine; Intravenous lidocaine; Emergence coughing; Endotracheal tube
Citation: Kadhim GI. Efficacy of intra-cuff alkalinized lidocaine compared to low dose lidocaine infusion in reducing extubation induced emergence phenomena. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2021;25(5):591–595; DOI: 10.35975/apic.v25i5.1624
The gut microflora changes during the COVID-19 pandemic due to exposure to disinfectants
Authors: Manouchehri Aliasghar , Sadighara Parisa , Pirhadi Mohadeseh , Safta Mehdi , Abbaszadeh Saber 
Published: October 2024

Key words: COVID-19; Pandemic; Gut microflora; Lifestyle; Disinfectants
Citation: Sadighara P, Pirhadi M, Safta M, Abbaszadeh S, Manouchehri A. The gut microflora changes during the COVID-19 pandemic due to exposure to disinfectants (Correspondence). Anaesth. pain intensive care 2021;25(5):687–688.
DOI: 10.35975/apic.v25i5.1639
Prevalence of post–COVID syndrome in a cohort of faculty of a medical institute and their family members
Authors: Kidwai Saera Suhail , Zahra Fatima , Umar Mehrunnisa , Ahmed Ayaz , Rao Zahid Akhtar , Sattar Rukhsana Abdul 
Published: October 2024

Background & Objective: Persistent or new appearance signs and symptoms in post–COVID patients is a well–recognized complication of the COVID-19 pandemic, the severity of which is still underestimated and, therefore, remains unaddressed. Multiple studies from all over the world have documented the prevalence of post–COVID symptoms; however, the frequency, the severity and the variety of post–COVID symptoms in our country has not been much investigated. We determined the prevalence of post–COVID syndrome in a cohort of faculty working in Fazaia Ruth Pfau Medical College (FRPMC), Karachi, Pakistan, and their family members.
Methodology: This cross–sectional, descriptive single–center study was conducted in a medical institute, data was gathered with a questionnaire sent to the cohort of medical faculty and their families. Data was analyzed on SPSS 20 and ODDs Ratio calculated using different variables.
Results: A total of 84 patients were enrolled which had suffered from COVID out of which 51 (60.7%) had post–COVID symptoms, with fatigability 40 (48%), muscle pain 16 (19%), inability to continue the normal chores 12(14%), dry cough 11 (13%), breathlessness 10(12%), sleep disturbance and brain fog or difficulty in concentration 11 (13%), and hair loss 9 (11%) being the common complaints. There was no positive or negative relationship between the severity of COVID infection and the presence of the post–COVID syndrome.
Conclusion: The prevalence of post–COVID symptoms in COVID infected population is high, however, no identifiable risk factor is observed. A multidisciplinary team approach is much needed to cater for the needs of the vulnerable post–COVID population, more observational studies are needed to follow the sequel of this comparatively new virus which may still be unidentified.
Key words: Post–COVID syndrome; Fatigue; COVID–19
Citation: Kidwai SS, Zahra F, Umar M, Ahmed A, Rao ZA, Sattar RA. Prevalence of post–COVID syndrome in a cohort of faculty of a medical institute and their family members. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2022;26(2): 154-160; DOI: 10.35975/apic.v26i2.1807
Received: January 03, 2022, Reviewed: February 20, 2022, Accepted: March 02, 2022
Toll-like receptor –2 and 4 as a diagnostic method for ventilator-associated pneumonia
Authors: Dewi Fitri Hapsari , Purwanto Bambang , Wasita Brian , . Purwoko 
Published: October 2024

Background & objective: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a nosocomial infection associated with high mortality, especially in the critical care settings. VAP extends the duration and cost of hospitalization and increases the antibiotic usage. Toll-like Receptor (TLR) detects and responds to bacteria, enabling innate immune response. We explored the performance of TLR–2 and TLR–4 assessment as an additional diagnostic tool for VAP.
Methodology: A prospective cohort study was conducted, from November 2019 to April 2020 in three teaching hospitals in Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia, in intubated and mechanically ventilated patients, aged between 19 and 65 y. Blood samples for TLR–2 and TLR–4 were obtained from the venous blood. Blood sampling was done on the 24th and 48th hour after intubation. TLR–2 and TLR–4 expression was evaluated using RT–PCR (Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction). We used IBM SPSS Statistics 25 for data analysis. The Mann–Whitney test was carried out to determine the expression difference of TLR–2 and TLR–4 between VAP and non–VAP patients. The results were considered significant when the P < 0.05.
Results: TLR–2 and TLR–4 were expressed higher at the 24th hour after mechanical ventilation, especially in non–VAP patients. TLR–2 and TLR–4 assessment had low sensitivity, specificity, and performance for diagnosing VAP.
Conclusion: Patients with VAP have lower expressions of TLR-2 and TLR-4 compared to non-VAP patients. TLR–2 and TLR–4 assay may not be beneficial as an additional diagnostic method for VAP.
Abbreviations: VAP - Ventilator-associated pneumonia; TLR - Toll-like Receptor; ICU - Intensive Care Unit; CPIS - The Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score; RT-PCR – Real Time - Polymerase Chain Reaction; ROC - Receiver operating characteristic; AUC - Area under curve; TIR - Toll-interleukin-1 receptor; ITTMs - immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs; IRAK - IL–1 receptor-associated kinase; GM-CSF – Granulocyte Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor; PAMP - pathogen-associated molecular pattern; DAMPs - damage-associated molecular patterns
Key words: Ventilator-associated pneumonia; VAP; TLR–2; TLR–4
Citation: Dewi FH, Purwanto B, Wasita B, Purwoko. Toll-like receptor –2 and 4 as a diagnostic method for ventilator-associated pneumonia. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2022;26(2):148-153; DOI: 10.35975/apic.v26i2.1811
Received: Oct 29, 2021, Reviewed: February 19, 2022, Accepted: February 26, 2022
Comparison of prophylactic phenylephrine versus noradrenaline boluses for hemodynamic stability during elective cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia–an observational study
Authors: Osmani Shaik Gulam , Acharya Manasa , Kamath Shaila S. , Y.V Suresh , Prabhu Kavya 
Published: October 2024

Background: Profound hypotension and bradycardia following spinal anesthesia (SA) during cesarean delivery (CD) result in catastrophic maternal and fetal consequences. Phenylephrine with its appealing α agonist property proved to be a valid vasopressor for correction of hypotension during SA but with side effects like reflex bradycardia and fall in cardiac output. Noradrenaline is a rational substitute to phenylephrine due to its mild β and prominent α adrenergic properties, but is reserved as an inotrope mainly for medical crisis management. We conducted a comparative observational study of noradrenaline with phenylephrine using bolus doses for preventing hypotension and fetal outcome during CD under SA.
Methodology: Hemodynamic changes and fetal outcomes were studied in 102 pregnant patients undergoing cesarean section out of which 51 patients received a prophylactic bolus dose of phenylephrine100 µg and the rest received Noradrenaline 8 µg immediately after SA and the same bolus dose was repeated to maintain SBP ≥ 90% of the baseline. In this study, we compared the maternal hemodynamic variables, Apgar score, and maternal complications.
Results: Mean heart rate (90.1 vs. 87.3), mean Systolic blood pressure (119.6 vs. 109.2), mean arterial pressures (89.5 vs. 78.6) and mean diastolic pressures (74.6 vs. 67.3) in the noradrenaline group were significantly higher only at one minute of SA (P < 0.05), but later part the differences become statistically not significant (P > 0.05). Maternal complications such as bradycardia, hypotension, nausea, vomiting and the fetal outcomes were comparable between the groups.
Conclusion: Prophylactic Noradrenaline is equally effective as prophylactic phenylephrine in preventing spinal hypotension with better hemodynamic stability.
IRB Number: IEC KMC MLR 04-19/157
Clinical trial registration number: CTRI/2019/06/026599 (Indian)
Key words: Noradrenaline; Phenylephrine; Cesarean section; Anesthesia, Spinal; Hypotension
Citation: Osmani SG, Acharya M, Kamath SS, Suresh Y.V, Prabhu K. Comparison of prophylactic phenylephrine versus noradrenaline boluses for hemodynamic stability during elective cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia–an observational study. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2022;26(2): 168-174 ; DOI: 10.35975/apic.v26i2.1818
Received: July 17, 2021, Reviewed: February 17, 2022, Accepted: February 26, 2022
Evaluation of magnesium sulphate in combination with dexmedetomidine as adjuvants to levobupivacaine in ultrasound-guided spermatic cord block: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wahdan Amr Samir , Salama Atef Kamel , Farag Mohamed Abdelfattah , Moussa Ahmed Abdelhady 
Published: October 2024

Background: Several agents have been added to local anesthetics to increase the quality of anesthesia and to prolong postoperative analgesia. The current study investigated the effect of using dexmedetomidine and magnesium sulphate as additives to levobupivacaine 0.5% for spermatic cord block (SCB) anesthesia in testicular sperm extraction (TESE) surgery.
Methodology: It was a prospective, randomized double-blind study, performed on 113 subjects undergoing TESE surgery using local anesthesia.
The subjects were randomly divided into four groups. Bilateral SCB was performed for each patient using levobupivacaine 0.5% 18 mL in combination to 2 mL of either normal saline (Group C), dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg (Group D), magnesium 100 mg (Group M), or a mixture of the same doses of both magnesium and dexmedetomidine (Group MD) according to the group assignment. Patients were compared according to the time of first analgesic dose, and analgesic intake in the first 24 h.
Results: The time elapsed till receiving the first analgesic dose was noted to be longer in the Group MD when compared to those in the Groups C, M and D, (20 ± 1.5 vs 9 ± 1.5, 14.4 ± 2.3 and 15.6 ± 2.2 h, respectively; P < 0.001). Moreover, the requirement of postoperative analgesia was noticeably lower in the Group MD when compared to the other groups.
Conclusion: Using magnesium and dexmedetomidine as additives to levobupivacaine for ultrasound-guided spermatic cord block prolonged postoperative analgesia, and decreased the total postoperative analgesic consumption.
Abbreviations: SCB - spermatic cord block; TESE - testicular sperm extraction; US-SCB - ultrasound-guided SCB
Key words: Dexmedetomidine; Levobupivacaine; Magnesium; Spermatic cord block; Testicular sperm extraction
Citation: Wahdan AS, Moussa AA, Farag MA, Salama AK. Evaluation of magnesium sulphate in combination with dexmedetomidine as adjuvants to levobupivacaine in ultrasound-guided spermatic cord block: a randomized controlled trial. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2022;26(2): 182–190 ; DOI: 10.35975/apic.v26i2.1836
Received: August 13, 2021, Reviewed: January 20, 2022, Accepted: February 12, 2022
مستقبل التنافس على مصادر الطاقة في القطب الشمالي
Authors: راهي فاطمة 
Published: October 2024

تتنافس القوى الكبرى وفي مقدمتها الولايات المتحدة الامريكية وروسيا والصين اضافة الى دول اخرى على منطقة القطب الشمالي كونها اصبحت منطقة اقتصادية واعدة وذلك للثروات التي تزخر بها، اذ ان الكميات الهائلة من النفط والغاز اضافة لطموح هذه الدول بمواصلة تطوير مواردها في القطب الشمالي دفع الى الاهتمام المتزايد باتجاه وجود علاقات تنافسية بين القوى الدولية بحيث اصبح التنافس في هذه المنطقة حقيقة واقعة .
Peran Perawat Terhadap Tanggung Jawab Perawat dalam Manajemen Risiko Bencana di Rumah Sakit Jatisampurna
Authors: Djubaedah Siti , Herawati Tri Mulia 
Published: October 2024

Peran perawat terhadap tanggung jawab perawat dalam manajemen risiko bencana merupakan hal yang utama, manajemen risiko bencana bukan saja harus disiapkan oleh pemerintah sebagai penanggung jawab penanggulangan dalam bencana, tetapi juga peran dan tanggung jawab tenaga kesehatan harus dtingkatkan kapasitas kesiapsiagaannya atau antisipasi tenaga kesehatan yang tinggal di lokasi rawan atau rentan terhadap bencana. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan peran perawat terhadap tanggung jawab perawat dalam manajemen risiko bencana di Rumah Sakit Jati Sampurna. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah Cross sectional , dilakukan pada bulan Juli di Rumah Sakit Jati Sampurna, dengan jumlah sampel 43 responden dengan menggunakan rumus slovin. Hasil uji statistik didapatkan nilai P value = 0,041 (α < 0,05) maka dapat disimpulkan ada hubungan yang signifikan antara peran perawat terhadap tanggung jawab perawat dalam manajemen risiko bencana di Rumah Sakit Jati Sampurna. Peran perawat yang baik akan meningkatkan tanggung jawab perawat dalam manajemen risiko bencana rumah sakit.
PENGARUH PENDAPATAN DAN PEMBELIAN ASSET TERHADAP PELAPORAN PAJAK ORANG PRIBADI BERBASIS SISTEM KOMPARASI PADA MITRA KERJA PT ABC
Authors: Astuti Yuni , Munandar Agus 
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of income and asset purchases on individual tax reporting using a comparative system carried out on the scope of PT ABC's partners. This study uses quantitative descriptive methods in the form of observations, interviews and case studies on tax reporting documentation. Based on the results of observations and interviews, many respondents do not know the influence of income and asset purchases on personal tax reporting, so many of the respondents are unable to explain questions from the tax office regarding income that is not propotional to asset purchases. The results of the study show that the comparative system implemented by PT ABC in handling personal tax reporting is very effective and able to minimize these problems.
Pengaruh Kinerja Keuangan Terhadap Harga Saham Pada Perusahaan Teknologi Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia
Authors: Sari Yuspita , Sangkala Masnawati , Idrus Mukhammad 
Published: October 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh secara simultan maupun persial terhadap harga saham pada perusahaan teknologi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI). Variabel bebas pada penelitian ini adalah Return On Equity (ROE) sebagai Variabel X1 dan Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) sebagai Variabel X2 . Sedangkan Variabel terikat (Y) adalah Harga Saham. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh perusahaan Teknologi. Yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) tahun 2019-2021 sebanyak 32 Perusahaan. Sedangkan sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 13 perusahaan Teknologi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) yang diambil dengan Teknik purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan Teknik dokumentasi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan Uji Asumsi Klasik yang meliputi uji normalitas, uji heteroskedastisitas, Uji multikolineritas, dan uji autokorelasi, Analisis Regresi Berganda, serta Uji hipotesis yang terdiri dari Uji Parsial (Uji-t), Uji Simultan (Uji F), dan koefisien Determinasi.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) berdasarkan hasil uji t, diperoleh hasil bahwa nilai signifikan 0,066 > 0,050. Hal ini berarti bahwa bahwa Return On Equity (ROE) tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Harga Saham sehingga hipotesis ditolak. (2) berdasarkan hasil uji t, diperoleh hasil bahwa nilai signifikan 0,033 < 0,050, maka hipotesis diterima. Hal ini berarti bahwa bahwa Debt to equity ratio (DER) berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Harga Saham sehingga hipotesis diterima. (3) berdasarkan hasil uji F, diperoleh hasil bahwa nilai signifikan 0,034 < 0,050. Hal ini berarti Return On Equity (ROE) dan Debt to equity ratio (DER) secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Harga Saham sehingga hipotesis diterima.
Pengaruh Pengetahuan Akuntansi Dan Skala Usaha Terhadap Penggunaan Informasi Akuntansi Pada Pelaku Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM) di Kota Makassar
Authors: Senolangi Ernawati , Sangkala Masnawaty , Dunakhir Samirah 
Published: October 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pengetahuan akuntansi secara parsial terhadap penggunaan informasi akuntansi pada pelaku Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM) di kota Makassar, untuk menganalisis pengaruh skala usaha secara parsial terhadap penggunaan informasi akuntansi pada pelaku Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM) di kota Makassar dan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pengetahuan akuntansi dan skala usaha secara simultan terhadap penggunaan informasi akuntansi pada pelaku Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM) di kota Makassar. Variabel dalam penelitian ini adalah Pengetahuan Akuntansi (X1), Skala Usaha (X2), dan Penggunaan Informasi Akuntansi (Y). Populasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu UMKM yang terdaftar di Dinas Koperasi dan UKM Kota Makassar sebanyak 18.815 usaha sedangkan Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu sebanyak 100 responden. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui metode survei dengan kuesioner. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji asumsi klasik, analisis linear berganda, uji koefisien determinasi, uji t dan uji F dengan bantuan Software SPSS. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data yang telah dilakukan, diperoleh model persamaan regresi linear berganda Y= . Dari hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa (1) Pengetahuan akuntansi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap penggunaan informasi akuntansi dengan nilai t tabel < t hitung = 1,664 < 4,059 dengan nilai signifikan = 0,000 < 0,05. (2) Skala usaha berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap penggunaan informasi akuntansi nilai t tabel < t hitung = 1,664 < 2,249 dengan nilai signifikan = 0.027 < 0,05 (3) Pengetahuan akuntansi dan skala usaha secara simultan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap penggunaan informasi akuntansi nilai F tabel < F hitung = 3,09 < 16,653 dengan nilai signifikan = 0,000 < 0,05.
Perhitungan Harga Pokok Produksi Rumput Laut Pada Usaha Tani Rumput Laut Di Desa Pa'jukukang Kecamatan Pa'jukukang Kabupaten Bantaeng
Authors: Izmi Suci Rabiatul , Samirah Dunakhir  , Samsinar  
Published: October 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan: Untuk menganalisis perhitungan harga pokok produksi rumput laut menggunakan metode full costing pada Usaha Tani Rumput Laut di Desa Pa’jukukang Kecamatan Pa’jukukang Kabupaten Bantaeng. Variabel penelitian ini adalah: perhitungan harga pokok produksi menggunakan metode full costing. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah petani rumput laut di Desa Pa’jukukang Kecamatan Pa’jukukang Kabupaten Bantaeng yang berjumlah 500 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling dengan sampel sebanyak 25 orang berdasarkan kriteria tertentu. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara Observasi, Wawancara, dan Dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data dilakukan dengan kondensasi data, penyajian data, analisis data dan pemberian rekomendasi. Berdasarkan hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa perhitungan harga pokok produksi dengan menggunakan metode full costing pada Usaha Tani Rumput Laut lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan perhitungan harga pokok produksi yang dilakukan oleh para petani rumput laut menggunakan metode sederhana. Dengan jumlah produksi pada tahun 2022 sama yaitu sebesar 2.590 kg tetapi berbeda jumlah biaya produksinya. Pada perhitungan harga pokok produksi menggunakan metode yang sederhana sebesar Rp. 2.243/kg sedangkan pada metode full costing sebesar Rp. 2.741/kg sehingga selisih dari kedua perhitungan ini sebesar Rp. 498/kg. Hal ini terjadi karena perhitungan biaya pada metode sederhana belum memasukkan seluruh biaya produksi.
Phytochemical Screening of Ethyl Acetate Extract of Beta-beta Leaves (Lunasia amara Blanco) as Anticancer and Antimicrobial Based on Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances (PASS) Online
Authors: Adriani Adriani 
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Beta-beta leaves (Lunasia amara Blanco) have anticancer and antibacterial activity, but the secondary metabolites involved are still not clearly known. The aim of this research is to screen secondary metabolites from beta-beta leaves that have potential anticancer and antibacterial properties using the Passonline server and determine potential compound target proteins using the Superpred online server.Method: Extraction of beta-beta leaves was carried out using the maceration method using ethyl acetate and identification of secondary metabolites using Liquid Chromatography High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC HRMS). Prediction of the anticancer, antibacterial and toxicity potential of secondary metabolites of beta-beta leaves using Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances (PASS) Online. Analysis of similarity to drugs using Lipinski rule of five and prediction of target proteins using the online superpred server.Results: There are 10 secondary metabolites each which have anticancer and antibacterial bioactivity. The compounds methyl cinnamate and 3,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid are similar to drugs based on Lipisnki rule of five analysis and are non-toxic based on online PASS analysis. There are 3 target proteins for methyl cinnamate which are involved in anticancer and antibacterial activity, namely NFκβ P105, ADAM10 and Catephsin D.Conclusion: Ethyl acetate extract from beta-beta leaves contains secondary metabolites as anticancer and antibacterial based on Passonline server analysis. Methyl cinnamate is a potential secondary metabolite candidate as an anticancer and antibacterial with 3 target proteins, namely NFκβ P105, ADAM10 and Catephsin D. Key words: Anticancer, antibacterial, beta-beta, Lunasia amara, passonline, prediction