bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The low binding affinity of D-serine at the ionotropic glutamate receptor GluD2 can be attributed to the hinge region
Authors: Tapken Daniel , Steffensen Thomas Bielefeldt , Leth Rasmus , Kristensen Lise Baadsgaard , Gerbola Alexander , Gajhede Michael , Jørgensen Flemming Steen , Olsen Lars , Kastrup Jette Sandholm 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIonotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) are responsible for most of the fast excitatory communication between neurons in our brain. The GluD2 receptor is a puzzling member of the iGluR family: It is involved in synaptic plasticity, plays a role in human diseases, e.g. ataxia, binds glycine and D-serine with low affinity, yet no ligand has been discovered so far that can activate its ion channel. In this study, we show that the hinge region connecting the two subdomains of the GluD2 ligand-binding domain is responsible for the low affinity of D-serine, by analysing GluD2 mutants with electrophysiology, isothermal titration calorimetry and molecular dynamics calculations. The hinge region is highly variable among iGluRs and fine-tunes gating activity, suggesting that in GluD2 this region has evolved to only respond to micromolar concentrations of D-serine.
Serum pharmacokinetics and coagulation aberration induced by sodium dehydroacetate in male and female Wistar rats
Authors: Zhang Yumei , Ying Donglai , Liu Hao , Yu Zengrong , Han Lingling , Xie Jiayu , Xie Yang 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSodium dehydroacetate (Na-DHA) is used as a preservative in food, animal feeds and cosmetics. Severe haemorrhage in organs and prolongation of coagulation factors in Sprague–Dawley rats has been reported upon oral administration of Na-DHA. We investigated alterations in coagulation parameters and serum pharmacokinetics upon Na-DHA administration. Wistar rats were administered Na-DHA (50–200 mg/kg, p.o.). Weight gain, food consumption, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), serum levels of Vitamin k (Vk)1, and serum levels of Na-DHA were measured, and histopathology undertaken. Significant reductions in body weight, food consumption and serum levels of Vk1, as well as prolonged PT and APTT, were observed. Females were significantly different from males in terms of serum Na-DHA concentration. Congestion in hepatic sinusoids, renal tubules and spleen, as well as haemorrhage in lung alveoli, gastric mucosa, intestinal mucosa and cardiac muscle cells, were observed by histopathological analyses. Correlation of serum Na-DHAviaPT and APTT, as well as serum Vk1viaPT and APTT, in females was better than that in males. Female rats are more sensitive than males to Na-DHA. Hence, Na-DHA can induce coagulation aberration in Wistar rats, with higher sensitivity seen in females than males.
Identification of a variant-specific phosphorylation of TH2A during spermiogenesis
Authors: Hada Masashi , Masuda Koji , Yamaguchi Kosuke , Shirahige Katsuhiko , Okada Yuki 
Published: April 2017

AbstractTissue-specific histone variant incorporation into chromatin plays dynamic and important roles in tissue development. Testis is one such tissue, and a number of testis-specific histone variants are expressed that have unique roles. While it is expected that such variants acquire post-transcriptional modifications to be functional, identification of variant-specific histone modifications is challenging because of the high similarity of amino acid sequences between canonical and variant versions. Here we identified a novel phosphorylation on TH2A, a germ cell-specific histone H2A variant. TH2A-Thr127 is unique to the variant and phosphorylated concomitant with chromatin condensation including spermiogenesis and early embryonic mitosis. In sperm chromatin, phosphorylated TH2A-Thr127 (=pTH2A) is co-localized with H3.3 at transcriptional starting sites of the genome, and subsequently becomes absent from the paternal genome upon fertilization. Notably, pTH2A is recurrent and accumulated in the pericentromeric heterochromatin of both paternal and maternal chromosomes in the first mitosis of embryos, suggesting its unique regulation during spermiogenesis and early embryogenesis.
Elucidating dynamic metabolic physiology through network integration of quantitative time-course metabolomics
Authors: Bordbar Aarash , Yurkovich James T. , Paglia Giuseppe , Rolfsson Ottar , Sigurjónsson Ólafur E. , Palsson Bernhard O. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe increasing availability of metabolomics data necessitates novel methods for deeper data analysis and interpretation. We present a flux balance analysis method that allows for the computation of dynamic intracellular metabolic changes at the cellular scale through integration of time-course absolute quantitative metabolomics. This approach, termed “unsteady-state flux balance analysis” (uFBA), is applied to four cellular systems: three dynamic and one steady-state as a negative control. uFBA and FBA predictions are contrasted, and uFBA is found to be more accurate in predicting dynamic metabolic flux states for red blood cells, platelets, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Notably, only uFBA predicts that stored red blood cells metabolize TCA intermediates to regenerate important cofactors, such as ATP, NADH, and NADPH. These pathway usage predictions were subsequently validated through 13C isotopic labeling and metabolic flux analysis in stored red blood cells. Utilizing time-course metabolomics data, uFBA provides an accurate method to predict metabolic physiology at the cellular scale for dynamic systems.
Elevated emotional contagion in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease is associated with increased synchronization in the insula and amygdala
Authors: Choi Jiye , Jeong Yong 
Published: April 2017

AbstractEmotional contagion, a primitive form of empathy, is heightened in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD); however, the mechanism underlying this attribute has not been thoroughly elucidated. In this study, observational fear conditioning was performed to measure emotional contagion levels in a mouse model of AD. Simultaneous recording of local field potentials in the bilateral anterior insula, basolateral amygdala, anterior cingulate cortex, and retrosplenial cortex was also conducted to investigate related brain network changes. Consistent with the results obtained with AD patients, 11-month-old AD model mice exhibited significantly higher freezing levels in observational fear conditioning, indicating elevated emotional contagion compared to age-matched wild-type mice. Furthermore, the left anterior insula and right basolateral amygdala of 11-months-old AD model mice indicated sustained increases in synchronization when they observed the suffering of conspecifics. These changes did not appear in other age groups or wild-type controls. Additionally, the amyloid plaque burden within the anterior insula was significantly correlated with the freezing levels in observational fear conditioning. Taken together, this study reveals increased and sustained network synchrony between the anterior insula and basolateral amygdala, which comprise a salience network in humans, as a potential mechanism for elevated emotional contagion in a mouse model of AD.
Detection of prion seeding activity in the olfactory mucosa of patients with Fatal Familial Insomnia
Authors: Redaelli Veronica , Bistaffa Edoardo , Zanusso Gianluigi , Salzano Giulia , Sacchetto Luca , Rossi Martina , De Luca Chiara Maria Giulia , Di Bari Michele , Portaleone Sara Maria , Agrimi Umberto , Legname Giuseppe , Roiter Ignazio , Forloni Gianluigi , Tagliavini Fabrizio , Moda Fabio 
Published: April 2017

AbstractFatal Familial Insomnia (FFI) is a genetic prion disease caused by a point mutation in the prion protein gene (PRNP) characterized by prominent thalamic atrophy, diffuse astrogliosis and moderate deposition of PrPSc in the brain. Here, for the first time, we demonstrate that the olfactory mucosa (OM) of patients with FFI contains trace amount of PrPSc detectable by PMCA and RT-QuIC. Quantitative PMCA analysis estimated a PrPSc concentration of about 1 × 10−14 g/ml. In contrast, PrPSc was not detected in OM samples from healthy controls and patients affected by other neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and frontotemporal dementia. These results indicate that the detection limit of these assays is in the order of a single PrPSc oligomer/molecule with a specificity of 100%.
Transcriptomic changes in an animal-bacterial symbiosis under modeled microgravity conditions
Authors: Casaburi Giorgio , Goncharenko-Foster Irina , Duscher Alexandrea A. , Foster Jamie S. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSpaceflight imposes numerous adaptive challenges for terrestrial life. The reduction in gravity, or microgravity, represents a novel environment that can disrupt homeostasis of many physiological processes. Additionally, it is becoming increasingly clear that an organism’s microbiome is critical for host health and examining its resiliency in microgravity represents a new frontier for space biology research. In this study, we examine the impact of microgravity on the interactions between the squidEuprymna scolopesand its beneficial symbiontVibrio fischeri, which form a highly specific binary mutualism. First, animals inoculated withV. fischeriaboard the space shuttle showed effective colonization of the host light organ, the site of the symbiosis, during space flight. Second, RNA-Seq analysis of squid exposed to modeled microgravity conditions exhibited extensive differential gene expression in the presence and absence of the symbiotic partner. Transcriptomic analyses revealed in the absence of the symbiont during modeled microgravity there was an enrichment of genes and pathways associated with the innate immune and oxidative stress response. The results suggest thatV. fischerimay help modulate the host stress responses under modeled microgravity. This study provides a window into the adaptive responses that the host animal and its symbiont use during modeled microgravity.
Building new discrete supramolecular assemblies through the interaction of iso-tellurazole N-oxides with Lewis acids and bases
Authors: Ho Peter C. , Jenkins Hilary A. , Britten James F. , Vargas-Baca Ignacio 
Published: April 2017

The supramolecular macrocycles spontaneously assembled by iso-tellurazole N-oxides are stable towards Lewis bases as strong as N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) but readily react with Lewis acids such as BR3 (R = Ph, F). The electron acceptor ability of the tellurium atom is greatly enhanced in the resulting O-bonded adducts, which consequently enables binding to a variety of Lewis bases that includes acetonitrile, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, 4,4′-bipyridine, triphenyl phosphine, a N-heterocyclic carbene and a second molecule of iso-tellurazole N-oxide.
Speech Recognition in Adults With Cochlear Implants: The Effects of Working Memory, Phonological Sensitivity, and Aging
Authors: Moberly Aaron C. , Harris Michael S. , Boyce Lauren , Nittrouer Susan 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
Models of speech recognition suggest that “top-down” linguistic and cognitive functions, such as use of phonotactic constraints and working memory, facilitate recognition under conditions of degradation, such as in noise. The question addressed in this study was what happens to these functions when a listener who has experienced years of hearing loss obtains a cochlear implant.

Method
Thirty adults with cochlear implants and 30 age-matched controls with age-normal hearing underwent testing of verbal working memory using digit span and serial recall of words. Phonological capacities were assessed using a lexical decision task and nonword repetition. Recognition of words in sentences in speech-shaped noise was measured.

Results
Implant users had only slightly poorer working memory accuracy than did controls and only on serial recall of words; however, phonological sensitivity was highly impaired. Working memory did not facilitate speech recognition in noise for either group. Phonological sensitivity predicted sentence recognition for implant users but not for listeners with normal hearing.

Conclusion
Clinical speech recognition outcomes for adult implant users relate to the ability of these users to process phonological information. Results suggest that phonological capacities may serve as potential clinical targets through rehabilitative training. Such novel interventions may be particularly helpful for older adult implant users.
A Diagnostic Marker to Discriminate Childhood Apraxia of Speech From Speech Delay: II. Validity Studies of the Pause Marker
Authors: Shriberg Lawrence D. , Strand Edythe A. , Fourakis Marios , Jakielski Kathy J. , Hall Sheryl D. , Karlsson Heather B. , Mabie Heather L. , McSweeny Jane L. , Tilkens Christie M. , Wilson David L. 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this 2nd article in this supplement is to report validity support findings for the Pause Marker (PM), a proposed single-sign diagnostic marker of childhood apraxia of speech (CAS).

Method
PM scores and additional perceptual and acoustic measures were obtained from 296 participants in cohorts with idiopathic and neurogenetic CAS, adult-onset apraxia of speech and primary progressive apraxia of speech, and idiopathic speech delay.

Results
Adjusted for questionable specificity disagreements with a pediatric Mayo Clinic diagnostic standard, the estimated sensitivity and specificity, respectively, of the PM were 86.8% and 100% for the CAS cohort, yielding positive and negative likelihood ratios of 56.45 (95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.15, 2763.31]) and 0.13 (95% CI [0.06, 0.30]). Specificity of the PM for 4 cohorts totaling 205 participants with speech delay was 98.5%.

Conclusion
These findings are interpreted as providing support for the PM as a near-conclusive diagnostic marker of CAS.
Vocalization Rate and Consonant Production in Toddlers at High and Low Risk for Autism
Authors: Chenausky Karen , Nelson Charles , Tager-Flusberg Helen 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundPrevious work has documented lower vocalization rate and consonant acquisition delays in toddlers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We investigated differences in these variables at 12, 18, and 24 months in toddlers at high and low risk for ASD.MethodVocalization rate and number of different consonants were obtained from speech samples from a prospective study of infant siblings of children with ASD. Three groups were compared: 18 toddlers at low risk for ASD (low-risk control), 18 high-risk siblings without ASD (HRA−), and 10 high-risk siblings with ASD (HRA+).ResultsAll groups' mean language scores were within the normal range. HRA+ toddlers showed consistently lower vocalization rate; vocalization rate did not predict number of different consonants at 12 months for HRA+. HRA−, not HRA+, toddlers had the smallest number of different consonants and produced significantly fewer different consonants than predicted by their vocalization rate at 12 months. Consonant-acquisition trajectories differed between groups, with HRA− showing the greatest increase from 12 to 18 months.ConclusionLower vocalization rate was not associated with reduced number of different consonants in these toddlers. Between-groups differences in developmental trajectories are discussed in the context of the social feedback loop and differential ability to benefit from adult feedback between groups.
Explicit and Implicit Verbal Response Inhibition in Preschool-Age Children Who Stutter
Authors: Anderson Julie D. , Wagovich Stacy A. 
Published: April 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to examine (a) explicit and implicit verbal response inhibition in preschool children who do stutter (CWS) and do not stutter (CWNS) and (b) the relationship between response inhibition and language skills.MethodParticipants were 41 CWS and 41 CWNS between the ages of 3;1 and 6;1 (years;months). Explicit verbal response inhibition was measured using a computerized version of the grass–snow task (Carlson & Moses, 2001), and implicit verbal response inhibition was measured using the baa–meow task. Main dependent variables were reaction time and accuracy.ResultsThe CWS were significantly less accurate than the CWNS on the implicit task, but not the explicit task. The CWS also exhibited slower reaction times than the CWNS on both tasks. Between-group differences in performance could not be attributed to working memory demands. Overall, children's performance on the inhibition tasks corresponded with parents' perceptions of their children's inhibition skills in daily life.ConclusionsCWS are less effective and efficient than CWNS in suppressing a dominant response while executing a conflicting response in the verbal domain.
Beyond Comprehension Strategy Instruction: What's Next?
Authors: Elleman Amy M. , Compton Donald L. 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
In this article, we respond to Catts and Kamhi's (2017) argument that reading comprehension is not a single ability.

Method
We provide a brief review of the impact of strategy instruction, the importance of knowledge in reading comprehension, and possible avenues for future research and practice.

Results
We agree with Catts and Kamhi's argument that reading comprehension is a complex endeavor and that current recommended practices do not reflect the complexity of the construct. Knowledge building, despite its important role in comprehension, has been relegated to a back seat in reading comprehension instruction. In the final section of the article, we outline possible avenues for research and practice (e.g., generative language instruction, dialogic approaches to knowledge building, analogical reasoning and disciplinary literacy, the use of graphics and media, inference instruction) for improving reading-comprehension outcomes.

Conclusions
Reading comprehension is a complex ability, and comprehension instruction should reflect this complexity. If we want to have an impact on long-term growth in reading comprehension, we will need to expand our current repertoire of instructional methods to include approaches that support the acquisition and integration of knowledge across a variety of texts and topics.
Analysis of FPA and BA meta‐heuristic controllers for optimal path planning of mobile robot in cluttered environment
Authors: Ghosh Saradindu , Panigrahi Pratap K. , Parhi Dayal R. 
Published: April 2017

This study proposes the design of two efficient nature inspired intelligent optimal controllers, flower pollination algorithm (FPA) and bat algorithm (BA) for obtaining optimal path using an autonomous mobile robot in an unknown environment. FPA is based on the pollination process of flowering plants, which transfer pollens by using different pollinators. On the contrary, BA depends on echolocation and frequency tuning to solve different types of optimisation problems in engineering. To accomplish the path‐planning task of mobile robot autonomously, a fitness function has been introduced considering the distance between robot‐obstacle and robot‐goal to satisfy the conditions of obstacle avoidance and goal reaching behaviour of robot. Based on the values of objective function of the algorithms, mobile robot avoids obstacles in the unknown environment and moves towards the goal. In this work, the efficiency of such controllers is verified using some simulations in MATLAB environment. Further, an experimental work is carried out in real‐world environment using ARDUINO Mega 2560 microcontroller to ascertain the path length, travelling time and convergence speed of the two algorithms.
Interest in Aesthetic Rhinoplasty Scale
Authors: Naraghi Mohsen , Atari Mohammad 
Published: April 2017

AbstractInterest in cosmetic surgery is increasing, with rhinoplasty being one of the most popular surgical procedures. It is essential that surgeons identify patients with existing psychological conditions before any procedure. This study aimed to develop and validate the Interest in Aesthetic Rhinoplasty Scale (IARS). Four studies were conducted to develop the IARS and to evaluate different indices of validity (face, content, construct, criterion, and concurrent validities) and reliability (internal consistency, split-half coefficient, and temporal stability) of the scale. The four study samples included a total of 463 participants. Statistical analysis revealed satisfactory psychometric properties in all samples. Scores on the IARS were negatively correlated with self-esteem scores (r = –0.296; p < 0.01) and positively associated with scores for psychopathologic symptoms (r = 0.164; p < 0.05), social dysfunction (r = 0.268; p < 0.01), and depression (r = 0.308; p < 0.01). The internal and test–retest coefficients of consistency were found to be high (α = 0.93; intraclass coefficient = 0.94). Rhinoplasty patients were found to have significantly higher IARS scores than nonpatients (p < 0.001). Findings of the present studies provided evidence for face, content, construct, criterion, and concurrent validities and internal and test–retest reliability of the IARS. This evidence supports the use of the scale in clinical and research settings.
Effect of Footwear on Dynamic Stability during Single-leg Jump Landings
Authors: Bowser Bradley , Rose William , McGrath Robert , Salerno Jilian , Wallace Joshua , Davis Irene 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBarefoot and minimal footwear running has led to greater interest in the biomechanical effects of different types of footwear. The effect of running footwear on dynamic stability is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to compare dynamic stability and impact loading across 3 footwear conditions; barefoot, minimal footwear and standard running shoes. 25 injury free runners (21 male, 4 female) completed 5 single-leg jump landings in each footwear condition. Dynamic stability was assessed using the dynamic postural stability index and its directional components (mediolateral, anteroposterior, vertical). Peak vertical ground reaction force and vertical loadrates were also compared across footwear conditions. Dynamic stability was dependent on footwear type for all stability indices (ANOVA, p<0.05). Post-hoc tests showed dynamic stability was greater when barefoot than in running shoes for each stability index (p<0.02) and greater than minimal footwear for the anteroposterior stability index (p<0.01). Peak vertical force and average loadrates were both dependent on footwear (p≤0.05). Dynamic stability, peak vertical force, and average loadrates during single-leg jump landings appear to be affected by footwear type. The results suggest greater dynamic stability and lower impact loading when landing barefoot or in minimal footwear.