bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacologically increasing cGMP improves proteostasis and reduces neuropathy in mouse models of CMT1
Authors: Moore Seth M. , Gawron Joseph , Stevens Mckayla , Marziali Leandro N. , Buys Emmanuel S. , Milne G. Todd , Feltri Maria Laura , VerPlank Jordan J.S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIncreasing cyclic GMP activates 26S proteasomes via phosphorylation by Protein Kinase G and stimulates the intracellular degradation of misfolded proteins. Therefore, agents that raise cGMP may be useful therapeutics against neurodegenerative diseases and other diseases in which protein degradation is reduced and misfolded proteins accumulate, including Charcot Marie Tooth 1A and 1B peripheral neuropathies, for which there are no treatments. Here we increased cGMP in the S63del mouse model of CMT1B by treating for three weeks with either the phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor tadalafil, or the brain-penetrant soluble guanylyl cyclase stimulator CYR119. Both molecules activated proteasomes in the affected peripheral nerves, reduced polyubiquitinated proteins, and improved myelin thickness and nerve conduction. CYR119 increased cGMP more than tadalafil in the peripheral nerves of S63del mice and elicited greater biochemical and functional improvements. To determine whether raising cGMP could be beneficial in other neuropathies, we first showed that polyubiquitinated proteins and the disease-causing protein accumulate in the sciatic nerves of the C3 mouse model of CMT1A. Treatment of these mice with CYR119 reduced the levels of polyubiquitinated proteins and the disease-causing protein, presumably by increasing their degradation, and improved myelination, nerve conduction, and motor coordination. Thus, pharmacological agents that increase cGMP are promising treatments for CMT1 neuropathies and may be useful against other proteotoxic and neurodegenerative diseases.
Compact Metric Spaces with Infinite Cop Number
Authors: Georgakopoulos Agelos 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMohar recently adapted the classical game of Cops and Robber from graphs to metric spaces, thereby unifying previously studied pursuit-evasion games. He conjectured that finitely many cops can win on any compact geodesic metric space, and that their number can be upper-bounded in terms of the ranks of the homology groups when the space is a simplicial pseudo-manifold. We disprove these conjectures by constructing a metric on $$\mathbb {S}^3$$

S

3

with infinite cop number. More problems are raised than settled.
Compact lossy compression of tensors via neural tensor-train decomposition
Authors: Kwon Taehyung , Ko Jihoon , Jung Jinhong , Jang Jun-Gi , Shin Kijung 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Many real-world datasets are represented as tensors, i.e., multi-dimensional arrays of numerical values. Storing them without compression often requires substantial space, which grows exponentially with the order. While many tensor compression algorithms are available, many of them rely on strong data assumptions regarding its order, sparsity, rank, and smoothness. In this work, we propose TensorCodec, a lossy compression algorithm for general tensors that do not necessarily adhere to strong input data assumptions.TensorCodec incorporates three key ideas. The first idea is neural tensor-train decomposition (NTTD) where we integrate a recurrent neural network into Tensor-Train Decomposition to enhance its expressive power and alleviate the limitations imposed by the low-rank assumption. Another idea is to fold the input tensor into a higher-order tensor to reduce the space required by NTTD. Finally, the mode indices of the input tensor are reordered to reveal patterns that can be exploited by NTTD for improved approximation. In addition, we extend TensorCodec to enable the lossy compression of tensors with missing entries, often found in real-world datasets. Our analysis and experiments on 8 real-world datasets demonstrate that TensorCodec is (a) Concise: it gives up to

$$7.38 \times $$

7.38
×

more compact compression than the best competitor with similar reconstruction error, (b) Accurate: given the same budget for compressed size, it yields up to

$$3.33\times $$

3.33
×

more accurate reconstruction than the best competitor, (c) Scalable: Its empirical compression time is linear in the number of tensor entries, and it reconstructs each entry in logarithmic time. Our code and datasets are available at https://github.com/kbrother/TensorCodec.
Hybrid covariance super-resolution data assimilation
Authors: Barthélémy Sébastien , Counillon François , Brajard Julien , Bertino Laurent 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe super-resolution data assimilation (SRDA) enhances a low-resolution (LR) model with a Neural Network (NN) that has learned the differences between high and low-resolution models offline and performs data assimilation in high-resolution (HR). The method enhances the accuracy of the EnKF-LR system for a minor computational overhead. However, performance quickly saturates when the ensemble size is increased due to the error introduced by the NN. We therefore combine the SRDA with the mixed-resolution data assimilation method (MRDA) into a method called “Hybrid covariance super-resolution data assimilation” (Hybrid SRDA). The forecast step runs an ensemble at two resolutions (high and low). The assimilation is done in the HR space by performing super-resolution on the LR members with the NN. The assimilation uses the hybrid covariance that combines the emulated and dynamical HR members. The scheme is extensively tested with a quasi-geostrophic model in twin experiments, with the LR grid being twice coarser than the HR. The Hybrid SRDA outperforms the SRDA, the MRDA, and the EnKF-HR at a given computational cost. The benefit is the largest compared to the EnKF-HR for small ensembles. However, even with larger computational resources, using a mix of high and low-resolution members is worth it. Besides, the Hybrid SRDA, the EnKF-HR, and the SRDA, unlike the MRDA, prevent the smoothing of dynamical structures of the background error covariance matrix. The Hybrid SRDA method is also attractive because it is customizable to available resources.
Epilepsie im Rhythmus der Nacht und im Zyklus des Schlafs
Authors: Voges Berthold 
Published: October 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Epilepsie unterliegt – unter anderem – dem Rhythmus von Tag und Nacht und dem Zyklus der verschiedenen Schlafstadien. Ausprägung und Schweregrad einer Epilepsie werden mit beeinflusst von der Schlafqualität und -kontinuität des Patienten.

Zielsetzung
Es wird ein Überblick über die Interaktion von Schlaf und Epilepsie und über den daraus möglichen Nutzen für Diagnostik und Therapie gegeben.

Methode
Die Arbeit ist eine Übersichtsarbeit.

Ergebnisse und Diskussion
Verschiedene Arten epileptischer und nichtepileptischer Anfälle folgen einer spezifischen circadianen bzw. Wach-Schlaf-Rhythmik, was sich differenzialdiagnostisch nutzen lässt. Schlafentzug führt zu einer verstärkten Epilepsieaktivität, nicht zuletzt durch den vermehrten, aber instabilen Schlaf am Folgetag. Im NREM-Schlaf kommt es zu einer Häufung und zu einer größeren räumlichen Ausbreitung epilepsietypischer Potenziale (ETP) und darum zu einer erhöhten Wahrscheinlichkeit von Anfällen und Anfallsgeneralisierung. Der REM-Schlaf hingegen ist infolge von EEG(Elektroenzephalogramm)-Desynchronisation und -Amplitudenminderung sowie aufgrund einer REM(„rapid eye movement“)-spezifischen funktionellen Diskonnektion v. a. des Frontallappens anfallsprotektiv, dies sogar mehr als der Wachzustand. Gelingt es trotzdem, ETP oder Anfälle im REM-Schlaf zu erfassen, so lässt sich aufgrund der im REM geringen ETP-Propagationstendenz aus diesen Daten oft eine wertvolle lokalisatorische Aussage zur Seizure-Onset-Zone ableiten. Anfälle im Schlaf und auch im Wachen, aber selbst schon das Auftreten interiktualer ETP im Schlaf verschlechtern die Schlafkontinuität, -struktur und -qualität. Dies kann die Ursache für affektive und kognitiv-mnestische Störungen im täglichen Leben der Patienten sein. Schlaffragmentierung und -mangel haben aber auch prokonvulsive Potenz und können somit zu einer weiteren Anfallsverschlechterung führen, was ihrerseits die Schlafqualität weiter beeinträchtigt. Dieser Teufelskreis wird noch befeuert durch das Bestehen von komorbiden schlafmedizinischen Erkrankungen oder schlafstörenden Nebenwirkungen der Antianfallstherapien. Werden solche Zusammenhänge erkannt und behandelt, dann bestehen mit einer Ausrichtung an seinen individuellen chronobio- und somnologischen Bedingungen gute Aussichten, einen bisher therapierefraktären Patienten zu einem „Responder“ zu transformieren.
One-year results of trabeculectomy with emphasis on the effect of patients’ age
Authors: Iwaki Yuto , Mori Sotaro , Okuda-Arai Mina , Takano Fumio , Ueda Kaori , Sakamoto Mari , Yamada-Nakanishi Yuko , Nakamura Makoto 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose
This study investigated the association between one-year surgical outcomes following trabeculectomy and age, accounting for confounding factors.

Study Design
Retrospective observational study.

Method
Analyzing data from 305 patients undergoing initial trabeculectomy from 2019 onward, we employed three approaches to adjust variables: stratified analysis, regression analysis, and propensity score matching. Surgical success at 1-year post-surgery was defined by two criteria: achieving intraocular pressure of between 5 and 15 mmHg with a ≥ 20% reduction compared to pre-surgery levels and no additional glaucoma surgery (Criterion A); achieving intraocular pressure of between 5 and 12 mmHg with a ≥ 30% reduction compared to pre-surgery levels and no additional glaucoma surgery (Criterion B).

Results
Stratified analysis by age unveiled a significant increase in exfoliation glaucoma (XFG) and a trend towards shorter axial lengths with advancing age (both p < 0.0001). Older age groups were more likely to experience surgical failure in both Criterion A and B (p = 0.21, < 0.01). Univariate analysis showed age as a significant factor in surgical failure for Criterion A (p < 0.05) and a nearly significant factor for Criterion B (p = 0.12). However, this trend was not evident in multivariate analysis (p = 0.23/0.88), where XFG became a significant factor for surgical failure (both p < 0.001) in Criteria A and B. Propensity score matching revealed no significant differences in surgical success rates for Criteria A and B between younger and older patients (p = 1.00 and 0.88).

Conclusion
Age is not a primary determinant of failure in trabeculectomy; however, the increasing incidence of XFG with aging suggests a potential for poorer outcomes.
A long-term analysis of research unbundling: implications for research provision and market quality
Authors: Bender Micha , Cestonaro Tino , Clapham Benjamin , Gomber Peter 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis replication study assesses the long-term effects of MiFID II’s research unbundling rules on investment research provision and stock market quality. We extend existing studies by utilizing a post-event period exceeding five years, by regional differentiation within Europe, and by incorporating the new option to rebundle payments for order execution and research services for SMEs. In line with existing studies, we find a decrease in analyst coverage after MiFID II, particularly for large caps, while SMEs remain unaffected. These findings are consistent across different European regions but not for the United Kingdom. Market quality experiences a decline, with lower trading volume and increased volatility, offset by liquidity improvements for larger firms. After the introduction of rebundling, which has not been analyzed by existing studies, SME research coverage declines, suggesting that investment firms are not utilizing this option. Our findings offer insights for evidence-based policy-making as regulatory discussions on research unbundling persist in different jurisdictions.
A General Model for the Ductility of Intermetallics Applied to Fe-Co Alloys
Authors: Everhart Wesley , Newkirk Joseph 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe mechanical properties, specifically ductility, of high performing soft magnets such as Fe-Co alloys are a limiting factor to their broader use in a number of systems. The understanding of the mechanical robustness in these materials is currently insufficient to be able to support the growing interest in applications such as magnetic shielding or electric motors. Fe-Co alloys provide the highest commercially available magnetic saturation and high magnetic permeability but have very poor ductility. The addition of vanadium to these alloys has allowed for significant commercialization and some ductility improvements, but the fundamental reasons for the observed improvements are not well understood. In most published work on mechanical properties in these alloys, the precise chemistry of the alloys investigated, often a critical aspect of intermetallics, is not reported or controlled and thermal history is unclear. This work creates a ductility model that is sensitive to changes in chemistry and can predict relative strain to failure as well as brittle fracture mode for intermetallics and is applied to Fe-Co alloys. Through the application of density functional theory (DFT), this model identifies defect stabilities, anti-phase boundary (APB) energies, the energy necessary to cross-slip, and cleavage energies and combines them through energetic competition to determine a relative failure strain. The model correctly predicts ductility improvements with the addition of vanadium as well as the transition from intergranular to transgranular cleavage, though more precise experiments are necessary to appropriately validate the various improvements observed.
Evaluation of the soil quality using health index in temperate European conditions (Slovak Republic)
Authors: Makovníková Jarmila , Kološta Stanislav , Pálka Boris , Flaška Filip 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLand users and policy makers recognize importance of soil health and these types of evaluations are welcomed within sustainable land management. The aim of this study was to establish minimum and maximum values of soil health index across the breadth of agricultural used soils of Slovakia. Core objectives included (1) identifying the range of soil health benchmarks; (2) defining benchmarks for different land uses, and (3) defining benchmarks of soil health index for main groups of agricultural soils in Slovakia. These benchmarks represent the first soil health metrics of their kind in Slovakia using data from 266 locations. The soil health index (SHI) approach has been used as a quantitative tool to establish linkage between soil health and soil ecosystem services. We recorded the highest average SHI value in the very warm climatic region of the Slovak Republic, where the majority of agriculturally used arable soils (with an optimal pH value without contamination) are located. The locality with lowest SHI value is in a slightly warm area on soil used as arable soil with a very small depth of humus horizon, with by the pH value in an acidic area, and with a high content of clay. The typical SHI in humus-rich soil groups of Slovakia (Mollic Fluvisols, Chernozems and Cutanhic Luvisols) is higher contrasted with the typical SHI in other soil groups of Slovakia.
Ultrasound-assisted process to improve proteins recovery from industrial canola and soybean byproducts
Authors: Villalón-López Demelza Nayelli , Martínez-Padilla Laura Patricia 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAn ultrasound-assisted process is proposed to obtain protein isolates from canola and soybean byproducts. A laboratory-scale probe system (24 kHz, 400W) was used for protein extraction and six levels of energy density were analyzed. Different mixtures of solvents (water, ethanol, methanol, acetone) and temperatures were tested for removing phenolic compounds, and the best results were obtained with ethanol-water (8:2 v/v) and energy density of 104 kJ/L, which minimize protein losses at that step. After extraction of phenolic compounds, samples were alkalinized (pH 12 or 9.5), subjected to ultrasound treatment and the protein precipitated at the isoelectric pH. The highest yield on protein extraction was obtained with 1:20 meal: NaOH solution ratio, applying 150 kJ/L at constant temperature (30 °C), increasing the protein recovery, 72.5% for canola meal and 37.5% for soybean meal, compared to the conventional method. The solubility of both isolates obtained with ultrasound improved ~ 50% at a pH close to neutral and basic, with an increase in free sulfhydryl groups, without significant effects of ultrasound treatment on the subunit fractions of the proteins. These results provide alternatives to develop protein isolates from an undervalued by-product, with better techno-functional properties that can be employed in the food industry.
Targeted lipid nanoparticles to prevent trans-placental passage in the ex vivo human placental cotyledon perfusion model
Authors: van Kammen Caren , van Hove Hedwig , Kapsokalyvas Dimitrios , Greupink Rick , Schiffelers Raymond , Lely Titia , Terstappen Fieke 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMedication use during pregnancy poses risks to both the mother and the fetus. These risks include an elevated potential for fetotoxicity due to placental drug transport. Nanomedicines offer a promising solution by potentially preventing trans-placental passage. Targeted nanomedicines could enhance safety and efficacy in treating maternal or placental pathophysiology. Our study investigates placental transfer kinetics of targeted lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) in an ex vivo human placenta cotyledon perfusion model. We collected human placentas for dual-side ex vivo placental perfusions. Targeted LNPs with a fluorescence tag were introduced into the maternal circuit of each placenta. To establish if there was trans-placental passage of LNPs to the fetal circuit, we collected samples from maternal and fetal circuits throughout the six hours of the perfusion. We determined the fluorescence signal using a multi-mode microplate reader and Multiphoton microscopy to localize the LNPs in the placenta tissue. Data from perfused placenta tissue showed no significant transfer of the fluorescently labeled LNPs across the placental barrier to the fetal circuit. Localization of targeted LNPs in tissue samples is mainly observed in the maternal blood space of the placenta. Our results suggest that targeted LNPs present a promising strategic approach to prevent trans-placental passage to the fetus. Our future perspectives involve investigating the efficacy of targeted LNPs as well as loading targeted LNPs with nucleic acid-based therapeutics to investigate their therapeutic potential.
Graphical Abstract
Optimal Placement and Sizing of Distributed Generation in Electrical DC Distribution Networks Using a Stochastic Mixed-Integer LP Model
Authors: Valencia-Díaz Alejandro , Hincapié Ricardo A. , Gallego Ramón A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a stochastic mixed-integer linear mathematical model for finding the optimal placement and sizing of distributed generation in a DC distribution network, considering the uncertainty of electrical demand and distributed renewable sources. The proposed model accurately represents the original mixed-integer nonlinear model, obtaining a globally optimal solution in less computational time with low errors. The mathematical model allows for considering constraints related to the maximum limits for the penetration of distributed generation, such as those specified by Resolution CREG 174 of 2021. Furthermore, the uncertainties of the electrical demand, wind energy-based distributed generation (DG), and solar energy-based DG are considered in the mathematical models using a two-stage stochastic programming approach. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed model were tested and validated on a 21-node DC test system from the specialized literature, and the effectiveness and robustness were assessed on a 69-node DC test system. The obtained results show that the proposed stochastic mixed-integer linear mathematical model performs well.
Infection image: cystic pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia – forgotten?
Authors: Hitzenbichler Florian , Fisser Christoph , Schlitt Alexandra , Salzberger Bernd 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA 43-year-old male patient presented to the emergency department with progressive dyspnea. CT scan showed pronounced cystic lesions and ground glass opacitiy in both lungs and diagnosis of HIV infection was established. Bronchoscopy confirmed diagnosis of pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP). The radiological presentation with perihilar large cysts is typical for PCP in HIV-infected patients, but rarely encountered today.
Indices of vector fields for mixed functions
Authors: Cisneros-Molina José Luis , Romano-Velázquez Agustín 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA mixed function is a real analytic map $$f:\mathbb {C}^n\rightarrow \mathbb {C}$$

f
:

C

n

→
C

in the complex variables $$z_1,\dots ,z_n$$

z
1

,
⋯
,

z
n

and their conjugates $$\bar{z}_1,\dots ,\bar{z}_n$$

z

¯

1

,
⋯
,

z

¯

n

. In this article, we define an integer valued index for vector fields v with isolated singularity at $$\textbf{0}$$
0
on real analytic varieties $$V_f:=f^{-1}(0)$$

V
f

:
=

f

-
1

(
0
)

defined by mixed functions f with isolated critical point at $$\textbf{0}$$
0
. We call this index the mixed GSV index and it generalizes the classical GSV index defined by Gomez-Mont, Seade and Verjovsky in (Math Ann 291(4):737–751, 1991), i.e., if the function f is holomorphic, then the mixed GSV index coincides with the GSV index. Furthermore, the mixed GSV index is a lifting to $$\mathbb {Z}$$
Z
of the $$\mathbb {Z}_2$$

Z
2

-valued real GSV index defined by Aguilar, Seade and Verjovsky in Aguilar et al. (J Reine Angew Math 504:159–176, 1998). As applications, we prove that the mixed GSV index is equal to the Poincaré–Hopf index of v on a Milnor fiber. If f also satisfies the strong Milnor condition, i. e., for every $$\epsilon >0$$

ϵ
>
0

(small enough), the map $$\frac{f}{\Vert f\Vert }:\mathbb {S}_\epsilon {\setminus } L_f \rightarrow \mathbb {S}^1$$

f

‖
f
‖

:

S
ϵ

\

L
f

→

S

1

is a fiber bundle, we prove that the mixed GSV index is equal to the curvatura integra of f defined by Cisneros-Molina, Grulha and Seade in (Int J Math 25(7): 1450069, 2014) based on the curvatura integra defined by Kervaire in (Courbure integrale generalisee et homotopie., Mathematische Annalen, pp. 219–252, 1956).
A Pilot Study Exploring the Feasibility of Virtual Written Exposure Therapy with Underserved Black Perinatal Women
Authors: Neal-Barnett Angela , Stadulis Robert E. , Ayoade Eniolufolake E. , McGhee-Dinvaut Alexis 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn the USA, Black pregnant women are at the highest risk for maternal morbidity. They also experience the highest rates of trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD takes a toll on Black women’s mental and physical health, placing them at risk for maternal morbidity. It increases several mental health symptoms such as suicidality, anxiety, re-living the trauma, and numbness. These mental health conditions adversely affect health behaviors, including those essential for maternal health, such as attending prenatal and postpartum appointments. Furthermore, untreated PTSD is associated with higher blood pressure, increasing Black mothers’ risk of pre-eclampsia. For a variety of reasons including cultural mistrust, stigma, transportation, time constraints, and access to care, PTSD is frequently underassessed and undertreated among Black perinatal women. Written exposure therapy (WET) is a state-of-the-art brief treatment for PTSD. In this study, we explored the initial feasibility of the virtual delivery of WET to reduce PTSD symptoms among Black perinatal women. Results found the virtual delivery of WET to be feasible. Symptom reduction for PTSD in participants was 50–100% during follow-up, suggesting potential effectiveness of the intervention. Implications for virtual delivery of WET in reducing risk for Black maternal morbidity are discussed.