bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic resonance imaging following neoadjuvant chemoradiation and transanal endoscopic microsurgery for rectal cancer
Authors: São Julião G. P. , Ortega C. D. , Vailati B. B. , Habr‐Gama A. , Fernandez L. M. , Gama‐Rodrigues J. , Araujo S. E. , Perez R. O. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimFull‐thickness local excision after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for patients with rectal cancer and incomplete clinical response has been a treatment strategy for organ preservation. Follow‐up of these patients is challenging since anatomic distortion and postoperative changes may be clinically indistinguishable from tumour recurrence. MRI may have a role in detecting recurrence. The aim of this study was to describe the MRI findings during follow‐up in patients having local excision following CRT with and without local recurrence.MethodThe data were collected retrospectively from a single centre. Fifty‐three patients with rectal cancer who had full‐thickness local excision after neoadjuvant CRT and near‐complete response were eligible for the study. Patients with local recurrence were treated by radical salvage surgery. The main outcome was local MRI assessment findings during follow‐up.ResultsFifteen patients (five who developed local recurrence and 10 with no evidence of local recurrence) had MR images available for review and were included in the study. High signal intensity and thickening of the rectal wall were present in all patients with recurrent disease within the rectal wall. Overall, 80% of the patients with recurrence showed diffusion restriction. MRI mesorectal fascia status and circumferential resection margin showed agreement in all cases. A low signal intensity scar was seen in all patients without recurrent disease.ConclusionMRI shows high signal intensity and thickening of the rectal wall in recurrent disease in comparison to a low signal intensity fibrotic scar in non‐recurrent disease. These findings may be useful in surveillance of these patients.
A sea urchin in vivo model to evaluate Epithelial‐Mesenchymal Transition
Authors: Romancino Daniele P. , Anello Letizia , Lavanco Antonella , Buffa Valentina , Di Bernardo Maria , Bongiovanni Antonella 
Published: April 2017

Epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an evolutionarily conserved cellular program, which is a prerequisite for the metastatic cascade in carcinoma progression. Here, we evaluate the EMT process using the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus embryo. In sea urchin embryos, the earliest EMT event is related to the acquisition of a mesenchymal phenotype by the spiculogenetic primary mesenchyme cells (PMCs) and their migration into the blastocoel. We investigated the effect of inhibiting the epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling pathway on this process, and we observed that mesenchyme cell differentiation was blocked. In order to extend and validate our studies, we investigated the migratory capability and the level of potential epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFr) targets in a breast cancer cell line after EGF modulation. Altogether, our data highlight the sensitivity of the sea urchin embryo to anti‐EMT drugs and pinpoint the sea urchin embryo as a valuable in vivo model system for studying EMT and the screening of anti‐EMT candidates.
Global reduction fisheries and their products in the context of sustainable limits
Authors: Cashion Tim , Tyedmers Peter , Parker Robert W R 
Published: April 2017

AbstractGlobally, one‐sixth of landings from marine capture fisheries are destined for the production of fishmeal and fish oil (FMFO), which are currently overwhelming utilized by fed aquaculture. Many different species are used globally for the production of FMFO, but little concern has been given to the divergent environmental and ecological impacts of FMFO products based on species, ecosystem and fishing gear used in their capture. We evaluated the variable environmental performance of FMFO products from a wide range of fisheries whose products are either primarily intended for reduction or whose by‐products are redirected to reduction. Assessed fisheries accounted for 44% of global reduction fishery landings in 2014. Analysis was conducted on the basis of two measures: the carbon footprint (i.e., greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions) and the marine footprint (i.e., primary production required [PPR]). We found large differences between the impacts of FMFO products across the 18 reduction fisheries examined. Cumulatively, we estimate that reduction fisheries emitted 4.6 million tonnes of CO2‐e GHGs in 2014, and appropriated over 4% of primary production in some ecosystems, demonstrating a non‐trivial impact. As demand for aquafeeds grow, the sustainable sourcing of raw material inputs will be of great importance. Results here suggest that the source of FMFO inputs can have dramatic effects on the environmental performance of fish feeds and fed aquaculture. We recommend further research on the environmental and ecological impacts of food production systems, and specifically to understand these results in relation to global production and sustainable boundaries.
Slow gait speed as a predictor of 1‐year cognitive decline in a veterans' retirement community in southern Taiwan
Authors: Hsu Chiao‐Lin , Liang Chih‐Kuang , Liao Mei‐Chen , Chou Ming‐Yueh , Lin Yu‐Te 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimSlow gait speed has been associated with mortality, poor physical function and disability in older people. Our aim was to evaluate the association between slow gait speed and rapid cognitive decline among oldest‐old men in Taiwan.MethodsWe carried out a longitudinal cohort study in a veterans' retirement community, and enrolled 249 male residents aged 80 years and older. Slow gait speed was defined as <1 m/s, and rapid cognitive decline was defined as a Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) decline of ≥3 points over 1 year. Body mass index, Charlson's Comorbidity Index, handgrip strength, gait speed and Mini‐Mental State Examination datasets were collected, and a logistic regression model was built to evaluate the association between fast cognitive decline and slow gait speed.ResultsIn all, 249 residents (mean age 86.4 ± 4.01 years) were recruited, including 58 (23.3%) with rapid cognitive decline. Univariate analysis showed that slow gait speed could predict rapid cognitive decline (OR 4.10, 95% CI 1.20–14.00, P = 0.024). After adjusting for age, Charlson's Comorbidity Index, polypharmacy, psychiatric drug usage, cigarette smoking experience, baseline cognitive function, depressive mood, handgrip strength, nutritional status and history of fall, slow gait speed was still independently associated with rapid cognitive decline (adjusted OR 4.58, 95% CI 1.22–17.2, P = 0.024).ConclusionsSlow gait speed was thus an independent predictor of rapid cognitive decline in oldest‐old men in a veterans' retirement community in Taiwan. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017: 17 (Suppl. 1): 14–19.
Medication appropriateness for patients with dementia approaching the end of their life
Authors: Chuang Hsien‐Yeh , Wen Yu‐Wen , Chen Liang‐Kung , Hsiao Fei‐Yuan 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimTo examine medication use among patients with dementia towards the end of their life and to evaluate the appropriateness of medication use by using a nationwide database.MethodsUsing Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database, we identified 6532 people with dementia that died between 2008 and 2012. For each person with dementia, data of medication use in the last month of outpatient setting (vs –12th month [baseline]) and last hospitalization (vs –3rd hospitalization [baseline]) before death were retrieved for study. The medications of interest were selected according to a consensus recommendation, which included five categories defining their appropriateness (i.e. always, sometimes, rarely and never appropriate, as well as no consensus). Multivariable logistic regression was carried out to analyze the determinants for use of “never appropriate” medications.ResultsApproximately 10% of the study participants were prescribed medications categorized as “never appropriate” in the last month of life in the outpatient settings, which was significantly lower than their baseline (−12th month: 17.5%; P < 0.0001). A similar pattern was identified in the last hospitalization before death. Older age was associated with a lower likelihood of being prescribed “never appropriate” medications (age 75–84: aOR 0.34 [0.29–0.41], P < 0.0001; age ≥85: aOR 0.34 [0.28–0.40], P < 0.0001). In contrast, patients with a history of diabetes mellitus (aOR 1.31 [1.10–1.55], P = 0.0018) were associated with a higher likelihood of being prescribed “never appropriate” medications.ConclusionsThis is the first study to sophisticatedly describe medications use, particularly according to their appropriateness for palliative care, in Asian people with dementia at the end of their life. Approximately 10% of all patients were prescribed “never appropriate” medications at the end of their life, which deserves further study to evaluate the clinical impact of the quality of care. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017: 17 (Suppl. 1): 65–74..
Pathogenesis of vascular leak in dengue virus infection
Authors: Malavige Gathsaurie Neelika , Ogg Graham S. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryEndothelial dysfunction leading to vascular leak is the hallmark of severe dengue. Vascular leak typically becomes clinically evident 3–6 days after the onset of illness, which is known as the critical phase. This critical phase follows the period of peak viraemia, and lasts for 24–48 hr and usually shows rapid and complete reversal, suggesting that it is likely to occur as a result of inflammatory mediators, rather than infection of the endothelium. Cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor‐α, which are known to be elevated in the critical phase of dengue, are likely to be contributing factors. Dengue NS1, a soluble viral protein, has also been shown to disrupt the endothelial glycocalyx and thus contribute to vascular leak, although there appears to be a discordance between the timing of NS1 antigenaemia and occurrence of vascular leak. In addition, many inflammatory lipid mediators are elevated in acute dengue viral infection such as platelet activating factor (PAF) and leukotrienes. Furthermore, many other inflammatory mediators such as vascular endothelial growth factor and angiopoietin‐2 have been shown to be elevated in patients with dengue haemorrhagic fever, exerting their action in part by inducing the activity of phospholipases, which have diverse inflammatory effects including generation of PAF. Platelets have also been shown to significantly contribute to endothelial dysfunction by production of interleukin‐1β through activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and also by inducing production of inflammatory cytokines by monocytes. Drugs that block down‐stream immunological mediator pathways such as PAF may also be beneficial in the treatment of severe disease.
The prognostic value of B7‐H6 protein expression in human oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wang Jiongke , Jin Xin , Liu Jiajia , Zhao Kui , Xu Hao , Wen Jing , Jiang Lu , Zeng Xin , Li Jing , Chen Qianming 
Published: April 2017

ObjectivesTo investigate the expression and prognostic value of B7‐H6 protein in oral squamous cell carcinoma tissues.Materials and MethodsA total of 50 oral squamous cell carcinoma samples, 10 oral leukoplakia (OLK) samples, and 17 normal controls were included in the analysis. The expression of B7‐H6 in oral squamous cell carcinoma, OLK, and normal controls was evaluated by immunohistochemical assay.ResultsThe B7‐H6 protein expression was significantly higher in oral squamous cell carcinoma tissues than that in normal oral mucosa. Furthermore, a significant relationship was found between the expression of B7‐H6 and differentiation, but not with age, sex, tumor size, lymph metastasis, clinical stage, or recurrence. Further, the survival curves showed that B7‐H6 was an independent prognostic factor of overall survival and disease‐free survival in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Moreover, multivariate survival analysis by COX proportional hazard regression model revealed that the recurrence, differentiation, and expression of B7‐H6 were related to the prognosis. Lastly, we verified the prognostic value of B7‐H6 in oral squamous cell carcinoma.ConclusionsB7‐H6 may represent a new prognostic marker for oral squamous cell carcinoma.
Adolescent Offenders' Qualitative Reflections on Desistance From Crime
Authors: Amemiya Jamie , Kieta Jessica , Monahan Kathryn C. 
Published: April 2017

Although many young offenders desist from crime during adolescence, little is known about this process. This study used a qualitative approach to elucidate adolescent offenders' experiences in desisting from crime. Thirty‐nine male adolescent offenders (Mage = 16.59 years) participated in a semistructured interview about the desistance process. One of four themes characterized adolescents' reflections on their own desistance: having a psychological reorientation, reacting to consequences, persisting, or being in the wrong place at the wrong time. Adolescents discussed five agentic moves they make to facilitate desistance: seeking and maintaining supportive relationships, navigating peer groups, working toward long‐term goals, structuring time, and finding sanctuaries from the outside. These findings highlight adolescents' strengths, resources, and active role in desisting from crime.
Pneumatosis intestinalis in a cohort of children with neurological impairment: A patient group with a management dilemma
Authors: Awad Karim , Short Melissa , Niyogi Anindya , Hosie Gareth , Godse Alok 
Published: April 2017

AimPneumatosis intestinalis (PI) is uncommon in school‐age children. We studied a cohort of neurologically impaired school‐age children with PI to formulate an optimum management plan.MethodsWe retrospectively studied all school‐age children who were referred to paediatric surgeons with radiological evidence of PI identified between 2011 and 2015. We analysed data on patient demographics, medications, feeding, associated comorbidities, presentation, investigations and treatments.ResultsFive patients (3F:2M) with a median age of 7 years (range 5–9) were referred for surgical opinion with the evidence of pneumatosis on their abdominal X‐rays. Four of them had associated pneumoperitoneum. All children had neurological impairment significant enough to make them unable to communicate clearly. Four patients were gastrostomy fed, one was jejunally fed. Four children had recurrent episodes of pneumatosis. Four patients had surgery at the initial presentation where colonic pneumatosis was detected; however, there was no evidence of bowel ischaemia or perforation despite of the presence of pneumoperitoneum. Recurrent episodes were successfully managed conservatively even in the presence of pneumoperitoneum.ConclusionIn neurologically impaired school‐age children, the presence of pneumatosis and pneumoperitoneum does not mandate bowel ischaemia or perforation and therefore could be successfully managed conservatively without the need for surgery.
Sleep complaints associated with wish to die after a suicide crisis—an exploratory study
Authors: Mirsu‐Paun Anca , Jaussent Isabelle , Komar Giovanni , Courtet Philippe , Lopez‐Castroman Jorge 
Published: April 2017

SummaryThe present study explores whether sleep concerns are associated with wish to die throughout a 1‐month time interval following a suicide crisis. Sixty‐eight patients admitted to the emergency department of a general or psychiatric hospital were enrolled. Sleep difficulties were assessed using the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, self‐reported satisfaction with sleep and time in bed. Suicidal ideation was assessed through the presence of a wish to die at 1 month following a suicide crisis. Co‐existing psychiatric diagnoses were assessed using the French version of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Potential covariate factors such as personal and family history of suicidal behaviours and sociodemographic variables were accounted for. We found that wish to die was associated significantly with insomnia severity, low satisfaction with sleep and sleep duration 1 month after the suicide crisis, even after controlling for covariates. This exploratory study is limited by a small sample size, and results cannot be generalized to patients with psychotic disorders or alcohol use disorders. Also, other factors related potentially to suicidal ideation, such as depression severity, stressful events or levels of family support, were not accounted for. However, overall our study supports the assessment of sleep complaints as a potential indicator of suicide risk in the weeks that follow a suicide crisis.
No postcopulatory selection against MHC‐homozygous offspring: Evidence from a pedigreed captive rhesus macaque colony
Authors: Sterck E. H. M. , Bontrop R. E. , de Groot N. , de Vos‐Rouweler A. J. M. , Doxiadis G. G. M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe heterozygosity status of polymorphic elements of the immune system, such as the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), is known to increase the potential to cope with a wider variety of pathogens. Pre‐ and postcopulatory processes may regulate MHC heterozygosity. In a population where mating occurs among individuals that share identical MHC haplotypes, postcopulatory selection may disfavour homozygous offspring or ones with two MHC haplotypes identical to its mother. We tested these ideas by determining the incidence of MHC‐heterozygous and MHC‐homozygous individuals in a pedigreed, partially consanguineous captive rhesus monkey colony. Bayesian statistics showed that when parents share MHC haplotypes, the distribution of MHC‐heterozygous and MHC‐homozygous individuals significantly fitted the expected Mendelian distribution, both for the complete MHC haplotypes, and for MHC class I or II genes separately. Altogether, we found in this captive colony no evidence for postcopulatory selection against MHC‐homozygous individuals. However, the distribution of paternally and maternally inherited MHC haplotypes tended to differ significantly from expected. Individuals with two MHC haplotypes identical to their mother were underrepresented and offspring with MHC haplotypes identical to their father tended to be overrepresented. This suggests that postcopulatory processes affect MHC haplotype combination in offspring, but do not prevent low MHC heterozygosity.
Philosophy Makes No Progress, So What Is the Point of It?
Authors: Shand John 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPhilosophy makes no progress. It fails to do so in the way science and mathematics make progress. By “no progress” is meant that there is no successive advance of a well‐established body of knowledge—no views are definitively established or definitively refuted. Yet philosophers often talk and act as if the subject makes progress, and that its point and value lies in its doing so, while in fact they also approach the subject in ways that clearly contradict any claim to progress. This article presents evidence for, and a theoretical explanation of, the view that philosophy makes no progress, concluding with an account of what philosophy is and what the point and value of it is. Philosophy should not be shy about being what it is, nor should it pretend to be what it is not. What it is should be reflected in philosophizing and the way it is taught.
Institutional Evils, Culpable Complicity, and Duties to Engage in Moral Repair
Authors: Peck Eliana , Feder Ellen K. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractApology is arguably the central act of the reparative work required after wrongdoing. The analysis by Claudia Card (1940–2015) of complicity in collectively perpetrated evils moves one to ask whether apology ought to be requested of persons culpably complicit in institutional evils. To better appreciate the benefits of and barriers to apologies offered by culpably complicit wrongdoers, this article examines doctors’ complicity in a practice that meets Card's definition of an evil, namely, the non‐medically necessary, nonconsensual “normalizing” interventions performed on babies born with intersex anatomies. It argues that in this instance the complicity of doctors is culpable on Card's terms, and that their culpable complicity grounds rightful demands for them to apologize.
Batman in the Classroom: Academic Philosophy and “… and Philosophy”
Authors: Schurtz Landon W. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThough the interaction of philosophy with pop culture has so far mostly taken the form of books for nonphilosophers that use various shows and movies as sources of examples to illustrate “traditional” philosophical issues, this article contends that serious engagement with the informal philosophical discussions expressed in popular entertainments constitutes a kind of “ethnophilosophy” and should be considered an important part of the discipline. Our disciplinary responsibility for maintaining and considering the history of philosophy ought to include even the philosophical conversations that occur outside the academy; however unlike “proper” philosophy this material may be, it nonetheless represents engagement—sometimes substantial engagement—with the same issues that concern those of us who are considered “professional” philosophers, and thus is legitimately of interest to us.
Correcting the Scholarly Record in the Aftermath of Plagiarism: A Snapshot of Current‐Day Publishing Practices in Philosophy
Authors: Dougherty M. V. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIndividuals discovered to have engaged in serial plagiarism in philosophy are few, but the academic publishers falling victim to them are many. Some of the most respected publishing houses in philosophy have recently dealt with the problem of having published plagiarized material. The various responses by these publishers to an instance of serial plagiarism, one that involves forty‐three articles and book chapters, provides a real‐time snapshot of the practices for correcting the scholarly record. The analysis offered in this article yields a twofold conclusion: first, there is relatively little uniformity among publishers in philosophy for responding to plagiarism; and second, in comparison with the natural sciences the discipline of philosophy often falls short of the accepted practices for correcting the scholarly record. The article considers only public, documented cases of academic plagiarism in philosophy and makes no new allegations of plagiarism.
Building A General Theory of Meta‐Argumentation
Authors: Hovhannisyan Hasmik , Djidjian Robert 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis article presents a critical analysis of the main modern approaches to the problem of meta‐argumentation and suggests a method for developing a general conception of meta‐argumentation. A set of theoretical‐methodological difficulties (aporias) along this path is revealed. Overcoming these aporias would constitute the main steps toward developing the body of a theory of meta‐argumentation.
Reasons to Desire and Desiring at Will
Authors: Verdejo Victor M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThere is an unresolved conflict concerning the normative nature of desire. Some authors take rational desire to differ from rational belief in being a normatively unconstrained attitude. Others insist that rational desire seems plausibly subject to several consistency norms. This article argues that the correct analysis of this conflict of conative normativity leads us to acknowledge intrinsic and extrinsic reasons to desire. If sound, this point helps us to unveil a fundamental aspect of desire, namely, that we cannot desire at will. Unlike belief, however, desire can unproblematically accommodate a notion of instrumental attitude.