bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The interplay between popularity and aggression in adolescence: Focusing the lens on sense of power and prestige
Authors: Peets Kätlin , Hodges Ernest V. E. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThere is accumulating longitudinal evidence that popularity predicts relative increases in adolescents' aggression. Yet, we know very little about the conditions that motivate popular youth to engage in coercive behaviors. In this study, we evaluated whether popular adolescents would show elevated levels of aggression over time when they felt powerless and had low prestige (respect and admiration) among their peers. In addition, we examined whether popular youth would gain a greater sense of power and prestige over time via aggressive means. Participants were 419 fifth (MagetT1 = 10.91 years, SD = 0.42) and eighth graders (MagetT1 = 13.95 years, SD = 0.43) who participated twice over a 1‐year interval. Popularity was measured at Time 1, while the other central constructs, such as direct forms of aggression, sense of power and prestige, were assessed at Times 1 and 2. Our findings demonstrate that aggression might be a threat‐triggered response by popular youth to protect their ego and/or resolve the discrepancy between their position in the hierarchy and what that role should afford them. Moreover, popular youth feel the greatest sense of power over time when they abstain from resorting to aggressive means. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.
A new method to evaluate fluoroscopic system collimator performance
Authors: Steiner Joseph R. , Morrison Courtney K. , Vaya Mayur , Bevins Nicholas , Christophel Jeremy , Vanderhoek Matt 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionFluoroscopy uses collimators to limit the radiation field size. Collimators are often evaluated annually during equipment performance evaluations to maintain compliance with regulatory and/or accreditation bodies. A method to evaluate and quantify fluoroscopy collimator performance was developed.MethodsA radiation field and displayed image measurement device consisting of radiopaque rulers and radiochromic film strips was placed on the x‐ray source assembly exit window to evaluate fluoroscopy collimator performance. This method was used to evaluate collimator performance on 79 fluoroscopic imaging systems including fixed C‐arms, mobile C‐arms, mini C‐arms, and radiographic fluoroscopic systems.ResultsThe excess length (EL), excess width (EW), and sum EL + EW of the radiation field relative to the displayed image were measured and compared to the limits specified in 21CFR1020.32. Four systems exceeded these limits. Placing the radiation measurement device at the x‐ray source assembly exit window relative to the image receptor cover increased the film exposure rate by a factor up to 14.6. The time required to set up and complete the fluoroscopy collimator performance measurements using this method ranged from 5 to 10 min.ConclusionsThis method provides an easily implemented quantitative measure of fluoroscopy system collimator performance that satisfies regulatory and accreditation body requirements.
The Burden of Glucocorticoids: Patterns of Use, Adverse Health Conditions, and Health Care Use in Two Cohorts With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Katz Patricia , Pedro Sofia , Park Joonsuk , Choi Jiyoon , Michaud Kaleb 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveGlucocorticoids (GCs) can be beneficial from both clinical and patient perspectives, but side effects are well documented. We examined patterns of GC use over 15 years (2006–2021) and occurrence of adverse health conditions (AHCs) and health care use by GC exposure in two longitudinal cohorts with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).MethodsData from the Lupus Outcomes Study (LOS; 2003–2015) and FORWARD cohort (2015–2021) were used. AHCs examined were diabetes, osteoporosis, nontraumatic fractures, cataracts, and infections. Health care use measures examined were the number of rheumatology and other provider visits, hospitalizations, and specific diagnostic tests. Kaplan–Meier analyses examined time to occurrence of each AHC. Cox regression analyses estimated the risk of occurrence of AHCs, controlling for covariates by GC use and by GC dose (0, 1–5, 5–7.5, and ≥7.5 mg).ResultsGC use was relatively consistent over time. At baseline, individuals who used GCs in the LOS were more likely to report osteoporosis (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2–2.6) and cataracts (aOR 1.6, 95% CI 1.04–2.6); individuals who used GCs in the FORWARD cohort were more likely to report diabetes (aOR 5.1, 95% CI 2.2–12.0), osteoporosis (aOR 4.5, 95% CI 2.6–8.0), and fractures (aOR 6.5, 95% CI 3.8–11.1). Individuals who used high doses of GCs in the LOS had greater incidence of osteoporosis, fracture, and cataracts. In the FORWARD cohort, a significant difference in incidence was noted only for infections. In both cohorts, individuals who used GCs had more rheumatology and other physician visits, and greater risk of hospitalization.ConclusionDespite recommendations on steroid sparing, a large portion of people with SLE appear to remain on steroids. These analyses provide additional evidence of the potential health and health care burden of GC use, underscoring the need for other effective treatments for individuals with SLE.
Promoting Interfacial Reaction via Quantifying NMC811 CEI Evolution and Li+ Desolvation Using Single‐Particle Electrochemical Methods
Authors: Li Xu , Dai Lei , Yang Le , Chen Xiaodong , Li Na , Wang Wei , Chen Hao‐Sen , Song Wei‐Li , Jiao Shuqiang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPromoting interfacial kinetics of high‐nickel LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811) is a critical strategy for enhancing rate capability of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). At the solid‐liquid interface of positive electrode, charge transfer across the cathode‐electrolyte interphase (CEI) is responsible for the interfacial redox reaction, which is dominated by desolvation process of Li+ and NMC811 CEI evolution. Since these two processes are significantly impacted by the solvation effect of electrolytes, herein single‐particle Raman spectroscopy and single‐particle probes are established to quantitatively study the influences of solvation effect on CEI evolution and desolvation process of Li+, respectively. Owing to oxidation of the unstable free cyclic carbonate ester from dissociation of solvation structure, the CEI is found to grow thicker during discharge process. Due to the decreased concentration of cyclic carbonate in the solvation structure, the desolvation process of Li+ in the ethyl methyl carbonate‐ethylene carbonate electrolyte can be reduced by 11.8% compared to that in the dimethyl carbonate‐ethylene carbonate electrolyte. With the presence of ethyl methyl carbonate‐ethylene carbonate electrolyte, thinner CEI and easier desolvation process of Li+ can be simultaneously achieved on the NMC811 surface. Accordingly, its corresponding LIBs deliver the highest specific capacity ≈138.8 mAh g−1 at 5C among the LIBs with the other commonly used electrolytes.
Adjustable Humidity Response: Ultrahigh Green EMI Shielding Gel with Double‐Side Constant Temperature Capability
Authors: Ma Zhengkun , He Jingzong , Liu Shilin , Zhang Wenting , Gan Meiheng , Wu Qilin , Xing Malcolm 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWith the increasingly serious secondary pollution of electromagnetic waves (EMWs), efficient green shielding materials have become an urgent need. MXene is widely used in electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding due to its large surface area and high conductivity. Here, this work constructs MXene islands with better shielding performance through viscosity control and continuous mechanical stirring. Benefiting from the MXene islands, Janus‐structural gel with humidity response is successfully prepared, showing controllable ultrahigh green shielding property (up to 100.5 dB, thickness of 2 mm). Interestingly, this gel can spontaneously adjust its water content according to the humidity, resulting in a reversible transformation in three states to meet the needs of different environments. By Janus‐structural design and reasonable material combination, this gel demonstrates excellent electrothermal (rise to 111.6 °C, 5 s, 2 V)/thermal insulation (thermal conductivity is low to 0.029 W m−1 K−1) properties to meet the needs of shielding in underwater/fire operations.
Rapid Charge Transfer Endowed by Hollow‐structured Z‐Scheme Heterojunction for Coupling Benzylamine Oxidation With CO2 Reduction
Authors: Tang Chenxi , Bao Tengfei , Li Shuming , Li Xuejing , Rao Heng , She Ping , Qin Jun‐sheng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn the field of photocatalysis, ultrafast electron transfer at the interface is the key factor affecting photocatalytic activity. Herein, ultrafast carrier transport is achieved through constructing a Z‐scheme heterojunction of CoSe@Zn0.5Cd0.5S (CoSe@ZCS), which is prepared by in situ growth of ZCS on the ZIF‐67‐derived hollow CoSe. The ultrafast charge transfer at the Z‐scheme heterojunction interface is verified by advanced fs‐transient absorption, which provides vital evidence for the specific mechanism of photocatalytic charge transfer. In addition, the presence of key intermediates (*COOH and C═N) is detected by in‐situ FTIR spectroscopy, which further clarified the mechanism of coupling benzylamine oxidation with CO2 photoconversion. DFT calculations also confirm that the Z‐scheme heterojunction effectively reduces the energy barrier of the rate‐limiting step of *COOH formation, facilitating the photocatalytic CO2 reduction process of ZCS. Benefiting from the ultrafast electron transfer at the interface of the Z‐scheme heterojunction, CoSe@ZCS exhibits excellent bifunctional photocatalytic performance. This work lays the foundation for further exploration of the charge transfer mode at the heterojunction interface to facilitate solar‐driven energy conversion.
Prodrug Nanomedicine for Synovium Targeted Therapy of Inflammatory Arthritis: Insights from Animal Model and Human Synovial Joint Fluid
Authors: Nosrati Zeynab , Chen Yun An , Bergamo Marta , Rodríguez‐Rodríguez Cristina , Chan Jonathan , Shojania Kam , Kherani Raheem B. , Chin Carson , Kelsall John T. , Dehghan Natasha , Colwill Ann Marie , Collins David , Saatchi Katayoun , Häfeli Urs O. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMany patients cannot tolerate low‐dose weekly methotrexate (MTX) therapy for inflammatory arthritis treatment due to life‐threatening toxicity. Although biologics offer a target‐specific therapy, it raises the risk of serious infections and even cancer due to immune system suppression. We introduce an anti‐inflammatory arthritis MTX ester prodrug using a long‐circulating biocompatible polymeric macromolecule: folic acid (FA) functionalized hyperbranched polyglycerol (HPG). In vitro the drug MTX is incrementally released through pH and enzymatic degradation over 2 weeks. The role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in site‐specific prodrug activation was verified using synovial fluid (SF) of 26 rheumatology patients and 4 healthy controls. Elevated levels of specific MMPs‐markers of joint inflammation‐positively correlated with enhanced prodrug release explained by acid‐catalyzed hydrolysis of esters by proteases. Intravenously administered 111In‐radiolabeled prodrug confirmed by SPECT/CT imaging that it accumulated preferentially in inflamed joints while reducing off‐target side‐effects in a mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Added FA as a targeting vector prolonged prodrug action; prodrug with 4x less MTX applied every 2 weeks was as effective as weekly MTX therapy. The preclinical results suggest a prodrug‐based strategy for the treatment of inflammatory joint diseases, with potential for other chronic inflammatory diseases and cancer.
Motor‐Cargo Structured Nanotractors for Augmented NIR Phototherapy via Gas‐Boosted Tumor Penetration and Respiration‐Impaired Mitochondrial Dysfunction
Authors: Wang Jing , Zhang Yi , Chen Huadong , Wu Yihan , Liu Jinliang , Che Hailong , Zhang Yong , Zhu Xiaohui 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTumor microenvironment, characterized by dense extracellular matrix and severe hypoxia, has caused pronounced resistance to photodynamic therapy (PDT). Herein, it has designed an artificial nitric oxide (NO) nanotractor with a unique “motor‐cargo” structure, where a photoswitching upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP) core serves as the optical engine to harvest NIR light and asymmetrically coated mesoporous silica (SiO2) shell acts as a cargo unit to load nitric oxide (NO) fuel molecule (RBS, Roussin's black salt) and PDT photosensitizer (ZnPc, zinc phthalocyanine). Upon illumination by 980 nm light, the UCNP emits blue light to excite RBS salt and release NO gas. On one hand, NO is used as the driving force to propel the particle with a high speed of ≈194 µm s−1 that generates significant rupture stress (over 0.95 kPa) on cell membrane to promote cellular endocytosis and intratumoral penetration. On the other hand, NO enables to alleviate tumor hypoxia by inhibiting cellular respiration as an oxygen conserver. When the excitation is subsequently switched to 808 nm light, the UCNP emits red light, triggering ZnPc to produce large amount of reactive oxygen species for PDT treatment. This study explores Janus‐typed nanostructures for cell‐particle interaction and gas‐assisted phototherapy, opening avenues for versatile bioapplications.
Reinforced Magnetic‐Responsive Electro‐Ionic Artificial Muscles by 3D Laser‐Induced Graphene Nano‐Heterostructures
Authors: Xu Zhenjin , Deng Keqi , Zhang Yang , Zhu Bin , Yang Jianhui , Xue Mingcheng , Jin Hang , He Gonghan , Zheng Gaofeng , Zheng Jianyi , Wu Dezhi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEfficient ion transport and enriched responsive modals via modulating electrochemical properties of conductivity and capacitance are essential for soft electro‐ionic actuators. However, cost‐effective and straightforward approaches to achieve expedited fabrication of active electrode materials capable of multimodal‐responsiveness remain limited. Herein, this work reports the one‐step ultrafast laser direct patterning method, to readily synthesize electro‐ and magneto‐active electrode material, derived from the unique cobalt‐phosphorus co‐doped core–shell heterostructures within 3D graphene frameworks, for fulfilling the dual‐mode responsive electro‐ionic actuators. The designed nanofiber‐structured heterointerfaces across electrodes and electrolytes further promote highly efficient electron/ion transfer. The developed soft actuator exhibits superior actuation performance of peak‐to‐peak displacement to 13.08 mm under an ultra‐low ±0.5 V, with doubled direct current deflection under 200 mT at 1 V, an ultrafast response of 1.38 s and long‐term stability (>90% retention for ≈106 000 cycles), even detectable bending to ≈280 µm under exceptional ±10 mV. The promising demonstration of promoting differentiation and proliferation of stem cells under mechanical strain and electrical stimuli, sheds more light as well on the possibility of facilitating biomedical soft robotics with ultrahigh actuation performance.
Novel Photo‐STING Agonists Delivered by Erythrocyte Efferocytosis‐Mimicking Pattern to Repolarize Tumor‐Associated Macrophages for Boosting Anticancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Li Zhiyan , Li Xianghui , Lu Yanjun , Zhu Xudong , Zheng Wenxuan , Chen Kai , Wang Xingzhou , Wang Tao , Guan Wenxian , Su Zhi , Liu Song , Wu Jinhui 
Published: October 2024

AbstractImmunotherapy has emerged as a highly effective therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. Cyclic guanosine monophosphate‐adenosine monophosphate synthase (cGAS)‐stimulator of interferon gene (STING) pathway activation facilitates tumor‐associated macrophage (TAM) polarization toward M1 phenotype, and Mn2+ are effective agents for this pathway activation. However, the high in vivo degradation rate and toxicity of Mn2+ hamper clinical application of immunotherapy. Here, this work has newly synthesized and screened manganese porphyrins for Mn2+ transport, referred to as photo‐STING agonists (PSAs), and further encapsulate them into core‐shell nanoparticles named Rm@PP‐GA with dual specificity for tumor tissue and TAMs. Not only do PSAs achieve higher Mn2+ delivery efficiency compared to Mn2+, but they also generate reactive oxygen species under light exposure, promoting mitochondrial DNA release for cGAS‐STING pathway activation. In Rm@PP‐GA, globin and red blood cell membranes (Rm) are used for erythrocyte efferocytosis‐mimicking delivery. Rm can effectively prolong the in vivo circulation period while globin enables PSAs to be taken up by TAMs via CD163 receptors. After Rm rupture mediated by perfluorohexane in nanoparticles under ultrasonication, drugs are specifically released for TAM repolarization. Further, dendritic cells mature, as well as T lymphocyte infiltrate, both of which favor tumor eradication. Therefore, cancer immunotherapy is optimized by novel PSAs delivered by erythrocyte efferocytosis‐mimicking delivery pattern.
Reducing Dielectric Loss of High‐Dielectric‐Constant Elastomer via Rigid Short‐Chain Crosslinking
Authors: Li Fangzhou , Wang Linping , Gao Liang , Zu Da , Zhang Dongyang , Xu Tianhua , Hu Qiuyue , Zhu Ren , Liu Yunya , Hu Ben‐Lin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHigh‐dielectric‐constant elastomers have broad applications in wearable electronics, which can be achieved by the elastification of relaxor ferroelectric polymers. However, the introduction of soft long chains, with their high mobility under strong electric fields, leads to high dielectric loss. Given the relatively low modulus of relaxor ferroelectric polymers, elastification can be realized by introducing short‐chain crosslinkers. In this work, a molecular engineering design is employed, utilizing a rigid short‐chain crosslinker to create crosslinks with relaxor ferroelectric polymer, resulting in intrinsic elastomers characterized by a high dielectric constant but low dielectric loss. The obtained intrinsic ferroelectric elastomer possesses a high dielectric constant (35 at 1 kHz and 25 °C) and a low dielectric loss (0.09). Furthermore, this elastomer exhibits stable ferroelectric response and relaxor characteristics even under strains up to 80%. The study supplies a simple but effective method to reduce the dielectric loss of high‐dielectric‐constant intrinsic elastomers, thereby expanding their application fields in wearable electronics.
Breaking the Lithiation Barrier via Tailored‐Design Facile Kinetic Pathways in TiO2(B) Realizing 50C Ultrafast Charging
Authors: Ke Jinlong , Chen Shi , Xiao Peitao , Chen Yufang , Tang Rui , Gao Peng , Hu Aiping , Liu Jilei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAs a promising anode material for fast charging lithium‐ion batteries, bronze‐phase titanium dioxide (TiO2(B)) still faces the challenge of sluggish Li+ diffusion kinetics in the solid phase during lithiation/delithiation processes. Herein, a facile synthetic strategy has been proposed to optimize the microstructure of TiO2(B), which enables facilitated lithiation and therefore significantly improved rate performance. The rice‐granular nanoparticles with precisely controlled aspect ratios (AR) can be obtained via manipulating the ligand concentrations that affect nucleation and oriented attachment processes, as well as adjusting the calcination temperatures to control the Oswald ripening process. As a result, the smaller ab plane in rice‐granular TiO2(B) enhances Li+ diffusion efficiency on C’ site and inhibits the inhomogeneity of Li+ between inter and inside particles. Benefiting from breaking the Li+ diffusion kinetics, the rice‐granular TiO2(B) maintains a high specific capacity of 159.5 mAh g−1 at 50C, with an excellent capacity retention ratio of 93.67% after 5000 cycles at 10C. This work provides an efficient and simple strategy to minimize the challenging lithiation paths in TiO2(B) anode, and offers new opportunities for high rate battery design.
Fog Harvesting Via Multistage Edge‐Effect Condensation
Authors: Illahie Ahmad , Majid Kowsar , Lone Saifullah 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe escalating global population and rapid industrialization have precipitated a severe freshwater scarcity crisis. To address this challenge, innovative strategies are essential to exploit unconventional water sources such as atmospheric vapor. This study proposes a novel approach integrating 3D printing technology with surface chemistry principles for atmospheric fog harvesting. The approach entails leveraging 3D printing technology, chosen for its cost‐effectiveness, unparalleled design flexibility to design intricate geometries, and time efficiency to fabricate cylindrical millimeter‐scale size vertical pillars. Harnessing the intricate interplay of surface phenomena, condensation preferentially occurs on the pillar tops due to surface phenomena. The pillars are imbued with nonadecane, a hydrocarbon renowned for its low surface energy characteristics ensures the uninterrupted progression of water droplet formation, coalescence, and seamless transportation, unveiling a symphony of molecular interactions at the microscale. The design demonstrates promising results, yielding an impressive yield of ≈3.956 g of water per hour from 1 cm2 area. Geometric discontinuities associated with parahydrophobic pillars amplify water harvesting via an edge effect. This study represents a significant step toward a more sustainable and technologically advanced solution for the global water crisis.
Printed Interconnects for Heterogeneous Systems Integration on Flexible Substrates
Authors: Dahiya Abhishek Singh , Christou Adamos , Ma Sihang , Dahiya Ravinder 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHeterogeneous integration on flexible substrates has been explored in recent years to meet the high‐performance and flexible form factors requirements of several emerging applications. Reliable interconnects, in both 2D and 3D layouts, are critical for the effective use of these systems. But it is challenging to employ conventional bonding and interconnect technology due to considerable mismatches in mechanical and thermal properties. For example, the ultra‐thin chips (UTCs) are too fragile to withstand the static or oscillating forces applied during conventional bonding. In this regard, printing of metal tracks on flexible substrates is a promising alternative to access the contact pads on integrated circuits (ICs), as the interconnects on diverse substrates can be realized at room temperature processing using as much materials as needed. Further, it is easier to attain step coverage. Considering the above attractive features, and the challenges associated with conventional bonding techniques, this article focuses on the development of high‐resolution printing interconnects in both 2D and 3D layouts and explores various printing routes available for high density integration. The article also discusses major conventional interposers/interconnects forming methods and their limitations for flexible hybrid electronics along with few examples of printed interconnects to highlight the opportunities for future.
Achieving Bright Up‐Conversion Luminescence of Eu3⁺ and Tb3⁺ Ions within Coordination Polymers
Authors: Zhang Ming‐Xuan , Ye Ming‐Yu , Long La‐Sheng , Zheng Lan‐Sun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAchieving the up‐conversion luminescence (UCL) centered around trivalent lanthanide (Ln3+) ions in coordination polymers (CPs) is extremely challenging. Herein, Yb3⁺‐doped Ln‐CPs of [Eu1‐xYbx(pfbz)2(phen)Cl] (x = 0.3, namely 3; x = 0.5, namely 4; x = 0.7; namely 5), and [Tb1‐xYbx(pfbz)2(phen)Cl] (x = 0.2, namely 6; x = 0.5, namely 7; x = 0.6, namely 8) are reported by doping Yb3⁺ into Ln‐CPs of [Ln(pfbz)2(phen)Cl] (Ln = Eu, 1; Ln = Tb, 2). Both 5 and 8 visually exhibit excellent cooperative sensitization UCL of Eu3⁺ and Tb3⁺ ions, while 5 represents the first instance of an Ln‐CP where the UCL of Eu3⁺ ion is visually observable. Investigations into the UCL of these CPs reveal that the energy transfer is achieved through direct energy transfer from two individual Yb3⁺ ions, marking the first time such a mechanism has been employed in UCL in Eu/Tb‐CPs.