bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A method to assess the loss of a dipole antenna for ultra‐high‐field MRI
Authors: Chen Gang , Collins Christopher M. , Sodickson Daniel K. , Wiggins Graham C. 
Published: June 2017

PurposeTo describe a new bench measurement based on quality (Q) factors to estimate the coil noise relative to the sample noise of dipole antennas at 7 T.MethodsPlacing a dipole antenna close to a highly conductive sample surrogate (HCSS) greatly reduces radiation loss, and using QHCSS gives a more accurate estimate of coil resistance than Qunloaded. Instead of using the ratio of unloaded and sample‐loaded Q factors, the ratio of HCSS‐loaded and sample‐loaded Q factors should be used at ultra‐high fields. A series of simulations were carried out to analyze the power budget of sample‐loaded or HCSS‐loaded dipole antennas. Two prototype dipole antennas were also constructed for bench measurements to validate the simulations.ResultsSimulations showed that radiation loss was suppressed when the dipole antenna was HCSS‐loaded, and coil loss was largely the same as when the dipole was loaded by the sample. Bench measurements also showed good alignment with simulations.ConclusionsUsing the ratio QHCSS/Qloaded gives a good estimate of the coil loss for dipole antennas at 7 T, and provides a convenient bench measurement to predict the body noise dominance of dipole antenna designs. The new approach also applies to conventional surface loop coils at ultra‐high fields. Magn Reson Med 79:1773–1780, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
An investigation of support services available by Internet searching to families impacted by a parent's cancer
Authors: Morris Julia N. , Ohan Jeneva , Martini Angelita 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectiveThroughout a parent's cancer diagnosis and treatment, families are likely to turn to the Internet to find social, emotional, and informational support services. It is important that professionals understand the content and availability of support discoverable through Web searches. This study identified and described Web‐based information regarding support services offered to families when a parent has cancer.MethodsPredefined key search terms were searched across 2 public Web browsers for a period of 3 months. Web‐based information of support services (n = 25) was abstracted, and their key criteria examined.ResultsOf services offering face‐to‐face support (n = 22), more were founded by persons impacted by cancer (n = 10) (patients, parents, and offspring) than professionals (n = 4). Services offered online were created by health organisations and universities (n = 3). It appeared several service programs were delivered by volunteers, support staff, or facilitators, rather than registered health professionals or those with professional qualifications. Few services supported young children (under 5 years) or the parents themselves.ConclusionSupport services for families affected by a parent's cancer is relatively difficult to find through Web searches. Ambiguity around staff qualifications or evidence‐base of support may hinder layperson engagement. Services offering face‐to‐face support were often founded by those directly affected by cancer; conversely, services founded by persons with assumable expertise (health organisation and university staff) were limited to online support. Such findings highlight a possible discrepancy in consumer and provider priorities and have implications for current understandings of psychosocial support needs and service development for families affected by a parent's cancer.
Determinantes por cuantiles de la duración del desempleo en Cali y su área metropolitana en el periodo 2012-2014
Authors: Hernández García Edwin Arbey , García Rivera Gonzalo 
Published: June 2017

El objetivo principal es estimar los determinantes de la duración del desempleo de Cali (Colombia) y su Área Metropolitana (AM) durante el periodo 2012-2014 teniendo en cuenta duraciones de 8, 16y 48 semanas. Se utiliza la técnica de regresiones cuantílicas corrigiendo el sesgo de selección. Los resultados para Cali AM coinciden con recientes estimaciones para Colombia respecto al papel jugado por la educación, la edad, la jefatura de hogar, la presencia de hijos menores de 6 años en el hogar, las actividades no remuneradas y el rol de las mujeres comprometidas. Los resultados también sugieren que los determinantes inciden de manera diferente para individuos que duran 8, 16 y 48 semanas desempleados.
Unilateral vs. bilateral total knee arthroplasty with 90-day morbidity and mortality: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Mufarrih Syed Hamza , Aqueel Talal , Ali Arif , Malik Azeem Tariq , Noordin Shahryar 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Background
The decision to adopt a unilateral vs. a bilateral approach while performing a total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for a patient with bilateral knee involvement remains a matter of much debate. Previous literature has claimed the supremacy of unilateral surgery in terms of complications where as some evidence supporting no significant difference between the two approaches also exists. In this study, we aim to compare the morbidity and mortality of unilateral with bilateral TKA.

Methodology
A review of 658 patients who underwent TKA (2005–2015) was carried out. Details of patient characteristics, hospital course and complications occurring within 90 post-operatively were recorded. Data was analyzed using both univariate testing and multivariate regression analysis with a threshold for significance at p < 0.2 and p < 0.05 respectively.

Results
The study showed that there is no statistically significant difference in the mortality and major complication between unilateral TKA and bilateral TKA. Further analysis revealed that only higher ASA status (3-4) is associated with higher risk of SSI (RR = 3.42,p-value = 0.034). No variables were found to be significant predictors for cardiac complications and UTI. Interestingly, all 3 cases of DVT occurred in bilateral TKR.

Conclusions
There is no significant difference between unilateral and bilateral TKA in terms of mortality and morbidity except for DVT. This tips the balance in favor of the simultaneous bilateral approach owing to the added benefits of a combined lower cost of surgery, faster recovery, less work absence, single anesthesia session, single hospital admission and fewer follow-ups. Hence, it can be preferred in selected patients with bilateral osteoarthritis.

Highlights
Acupressure Therapy for Acute Ankle Sprains: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Zhao Mingxing , Gao Wei , Zhang Long , Huang Wei , Zheng Sihua , Wang Guanliang , Hong Brian Y. , Tang Baoyong 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundAnkle sprains occur frequently among young and active people, accounting for almost 2 million injuries per year. Previous reports suggest that acupressure therapy for acute ankle sprains may shorten the recovery time.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether acupressure therapy can improve ankle sprain recovery compared with standard RICE (rest, ice, compression, and elevation) treatment.DesignA randomized controlled trial was conducted. The study protocol was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry with the study registration number: ChiCTR‐TRC‐14004794.SettingDepartment of Traditional Chinese Medicine Orthopedics, PLA No.60 Center Hospital, Dali, China, and Department of Orthopedics, Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou China, between June 2014 and January 2016.PatientsA total of 68 patients with acute ankle sprains were assessed for study eligibility, and a total of 62 patients were included in the present study.MethodsAll patients with ankle sprains seen by the Orthopedics Department within 48 hours since the time of injury were identified. Consenting patients were randomized to either (1) standard treatment (ST group), (2) standard treatment + acupressure (AP group), or (3) standard treatment + mock acupressure (mock AP group).Main Outcome MeasurementsOutcomes of interest included a volumetric measurement of the foot, ankle, and lower leg), range of ankle movement, and visual analog pain scores. The American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Score) and SF12v2 scores were used to assess quality of life.ResultsAmong the 62 randomized patients, the mean (95% confidence interval [CI]) volumetric measurement of the foot, ankle, and lower leg in the AP group decreased from 185.24 (95% CI 142.80‐227.67) to 62.14 (95% CI 44.03‐80.25) after 3 sessions of acupressure treatment. This was a statistically significant difference (P < .01) compared with the means of ST group (119.00; 95% CI 89.14‐148.86) and mock AP group (118.18; 95% CI 83.99‐152.37). After the first treatment, the mean range of ankle movement, visual analog pain scores, and American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Scores of the AP group were 31.67 (95% CI 27.78‐35.55), 3.33 (95% CI 2.97‐3.70), and 55.86 (95% CI 50.03‐61.69), respectively. These scores were statistically better (P < .01) than the mean of the ST and mock AP group scores. In addition, the mean SF12v2 scores of AP group at 4 and 8 weeks were 109.95 (95% CI 107.29‐112.62) and 119.67 (95% CI 119.27‐120.05), respectively. These scores were also significantly greater than those of the ST group and mock AP groups (P < .01).ConclusionAcupressure therapy may improve recovery after acute ankle sprain injury, yielding shortened time of disability and improved quality of life.Level of EvidenceI
Characteristics of a Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Sample Recruited Using Amazon's Mechanical Turk
Authors: Bernstein John , Calamia Matthew 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundSeveral barriers exist in the recruitment of individuals with a history of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). The current study is the first to examine whether crowdsourcing, which has been used in other clinical populations, is useful in the recruitment of those with mTBI.ObjectiveTo examine whether Amazon's Mechanical Turk (MTurk), an online crowdsourcing platform, is a useful tool in the recruitment of individuals with a history of mTBI and to examine the injury and psychological characteristics of individuals who report a history of mTBI.DesignRetrospective, cross‐sectional study.SettingOnline.ParticipantsA total of 468 MTurk workers (215 who reported mTBI history on the screener, 253 who did not).MethodsComparison of MTurk participants (“workers”) who report a history of mTBI on a one‐item screener and/or a more comprehensive mTBI assessment tool (ie, the Ohio State University Traumatic Brain Injury Identification Method [OSU TBI‐ID]) with workers who do not report mTBI history.Main Outcome MeasuresPrevalence rates of mTBI in the MTurk sample (one‐item screener and/or OSU TBI‐ID), associations between self‐reported mTBI with history of psychological disorders and current psychological symptoms (ie, selected Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System scales).ResultsOf workers who reported a history of mTBI on the screener, 169 (79%) met mTBI criteria on the OSU TBI‐ID. Compared with those who denied history of mTBI on both the screener and OSU TBI‐ID, workers who reported a history of mTBI on both measures were more likely to have a history of diagnosed depression (P = .008), anxiety (P = .007) or attention deficit‐hyperactivity disorder (P = .04), and were more likely to currently experience cognitive (P = .01) and sleep disorder symptoms (P = .003).ConclusionsWorkers recruited via MTurk with history of mTBI show similar rates of psychological disorder history and current symptoms to samples recruited via noncrowdsourcing methods in previous studies. MTurk may be a useful recruitment tool in the mTBI population and should be used in future studies of outcomes after mTBI.Level of EvidenceIII
Spasticity Video Challenge: A Look at Methods for Addressing Difficult Cases
Authors: Alter Katharine E. , Gormley Mark , Patel Atul T. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAs seen in this CME online activity (available at http://courses.elseviercme.com/spasticity/662e), treatment of patients with spasticity due to upper motor neuron syndromes, including traumatic brain injury, stroke, and cerebral palsy, is multifaceted, involving chemodenervation, systemic medications, surgical therapy, rehabilitation efforts, and home care. Optimal care begins with the recognition that each patient's impairments are unique and must be assessed carefully to determine the impact of muscle overactivity, loss of dexterity, and weakness on passive and active function in the context of the patients' goals. While botulinum toxin plays a major role in providing symptomatic relief and functional improvement from hypertonia, it should rarely be used as a standalone treatment.
Long memory or structural breaks: Some evidence for African stock markets
Authors: Ngene Geoffrey , Tah Kenneth A. , Darrat Ali F. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis study explores two main issues. One: How do the exchange rate and inflation rate impact long term dependency structure of weekly returns of seven African stock markets? Two: What is the long term dependency structure of stock returns and variance in the absence and in the presence of structural breaks? The sample period is 06‐2002 through 02‐2014. The returns are de‐thinned to account for illiquidity of stock returns. The study implements sequential multiple structural breaks test to identify structural breaks. Three semi‐parametric tests and three parametric methods are then implemented to test for the long memory behavior of raw returns and break‐adjusted returns. The long memory estimates decline monotonically in magnitude or in statistical significance as returns are adjusted for exchange rate and then inflation rate. There is evidence of multiple structural shifts whose break dates correspond to major domestic or global events. Without structural breaks, the results indicate the existence of long memory components in returns and variance. Using the break‐adjusted returns, the long memory evidence in returns and variance weakens in magnitude and/or statistical significance or just dissipates in some ASMs. The absence of long memory using break‐adjusted returns suggests that long memory may be an artifact of short memory encountering breaks in some ASMs. Caution is therefore warranted when interpreting long memory inferences in the presence of structural breaks and making policy recommendations. Our evidence is useful to investors, fund managers and policy makers.
The writer’s guide to education scholarship in emergency medicine: Education innovations (part 3)
Authors: Hall Andrew K. , Hagel Carly , Chan Teresa M. , Thoma Brent , Murnaghan Aleisha , Bhanji Farhan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe scholarly dissemination of innovative medical education practices helps broaden the reach of this type of work, allowing scholarship to have an impact beyond a single institution. There is little guidance in the literature for those seeking to publish program evaluation studies and innovation papers. This study aims to derive a set of evidence-based features of high-quality reports on innovations in emergency medicine (EM) education.MethodsWe conducted a scoping review and thematic analysis to determine quality markers for medical education innovation reports, with a focus on EM. A search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, ERIC, and Google Scholar was augmented by a hand search of relevant publication guidelines, guidelines for authors, and website submission portals from medical education and EM journals. Study investigators reviewed the selected articles, and a thematic analysis was conducted.ResultsOur search strategy identified 14 relevant articles from which 34 quality markers were extracted. These markers were grouped into seven important themes: goals and need for innovation, preparation, innovation development, innovation implementation, evaluation of innovation, evidence of reflective practice, and reporting and dissemination. In addition, multiple outlets for the publication of EM education innovations were identified and compiled.ConclusionThe publication and dissemination of innovations are critical for the EM education community and the training of health professionals. We anticipate that our list of innovation report quality markers will be used by EM education innovators to support the dissemination of novel educational practices.
Shaping the shared mental model: How leader humility helps teams to learn
Authors: Li Mingze , Zhang Pengcheng , Xia Ying , Liu Wenxing 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAlthough an increasing amount of the leadership literature argues that leader humility is beneficial to team learning, few studies have examined this effect directly and, as such, little is known about why leader humility has such important effects or when these effects can be amplified or attenuated. Utilizing a survey of 305 employees on 89 teams, we found a positive relationship existing between leader humility and team learning. The results also indicated that a shared mental model was an important mechanism revealing why leader humility could stimulate team members to learn. In addition, we found that the learning effect stimulated by leader humility was much stronger on teams having a high collective promotion focus instead of a high collective prevention focus. Theoretical implications and managerial practices were also discussed.
Online Smoking Cessation Advertising and Young Pacific Smokers in New Zealand
Authors: Taufa Nalei , Laumatia Ainsleigh , Marsh Samantha , Walker Natalie , Whittaker Robyn , Bullen Christopher 
Published: June 2017

Introduction: Social media advertising could be effective in promoting smoking cessation. However, it's salience to Pacific youth in New Zealand who smoke is unknown.Aim: To explore the views that 18–25 year old Pacific smokers have towards online smoking cessation advertising.Methods: Twenty young Pacific smokers, aged 18–25 years, were recruited through indirect snowballing methods interviewed in focus groups by a female Pacific researcher. Questions centred on smoking cessation advice via social media and devices, preferences for advertisements, effective features and implications for internet banner and ad designs, positive versus negative framing, cultural cues and motivations. The general inductive approach was used to analyse the data for common themes.Results: Smartphones were the most common device and Facebook the social media site most often used by participants. The informants recommended that the advertisements should have the following features: central position, eye-catching, bold imagery using simple language; endorsed by Pacific Island personalities; and positively framed messages to secure and maintain interest. The collective nature of Pacific cultures should be leveraged and testimonies from previous smokers used to strengthen motivation and dispel common myths around smoking.Conclusion: There are potential opportunities for social media to be used as a platform to promote smoking cessation among Pacific young people.
Dosimetric feasibility of magnetic resonance (MR)-based dose calculation of prostate radiotherapy using multilevel threshold algorithm
Authors: Almatani Turki , Hugtenburg Richard P. , Lewis Ryan D. , Barley Susan E. , Edwards Mark A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe development of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging systems has been extended for the entire radiotherapy process. However, MR images provide voxel values that are not directly related to electron densities, thus MR images cannot be used directly for dose calculation. The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility of dose calculations to be performed on MR images and evaluate the necessity of re-planning.MethodsA prostate cancer patient was imaged using both MR and computed tomography (CT). The multilevel threshold (MLT) algorithm was used to categorise voxel values in the MR images into three segments (air, water and bone) with homogeneous Hounsfield units (HU). An intensity-modulated radiation therapy plan was generated from CT images of the patient. The plan was then copied to the segmented MR datasets and the doses were recalculated using pencil beam (PB) and collapsed cone (CC) algorithms and Monte Carlo (MC) modelling.ResultsγEvaluation showed that the percentage of points in regions of interest withγ<1 (3%/3 mm) were more than 94% in the segmented MR. Compared with the planning CT plan, the segmented MR plan resulted in a dose difference of –0·3, 0·8 and –1·3% when using PB, CC and MC algorithms, respectively.ConclusionThe segmentation and conversion of MR images into HU data using the MLT algorithm, used in this feasibility study, can be used for dose calculation. This method can be used as a dosimetric assessment tool and can be easily implemented in the clinic.
Skillful prediction of northern climate provided by the ocean
Authors: Årthun Marius , Eldevik Tor , Viste Ellen , Drange Helge , Furevik Tore , Johnson Helen L. , Keenlyside Noel S. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIt is commonly understood that a potential for skillful climate prediction resides in the ocean. It nevertheless remains unresolved to what extent variable ocean heat is imprinted on the atmosphere to realize its predictive potential over land. Here we assess from observations whether anomalous heat in the Gulf Stream's northern extension provides predictability of northwestern European and Arctic climate. We show that variations in ocean temperature in the high latitude North Atlantic and Nordic Seas are reflected in the climate of northwestern Europe and in winter Arctic sea ice extent. Statistical regression models show that a significant part of northern climate variability thus can be skillfully predicted up to a decade in advance based on the state of the ocean. Particularly, we predict that Norwegian air temperature will decrease over the coming years, although staying above the long-term (1981–2010) average. Winter Arctic sea ice extent will remain low but with a general increase towards 2020.
Microscopic origins of the large piezoelectricity of leadfree (Ba,Ca)(Zr,Ti)O3
Authors: Nahas Yousra , Akbarzadeh Alireza , Prokhorenko Sergei , Prosandeev Sergey , Walter Raymond , Kornev Igor , Íñiguez Jorge , Bellaiche L. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn light of directives around the world to eliminate toxic materials in various technologies, finding lead-free materials with high piezoelectric responses constitutes an important current scientific goal. As such, the recent discovery of a large electromechanical conversion near room temperature in (1−x)Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3−x(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 compounds has directed attention to understanding its origin. Here, we report the development of a large-scale atomistic scheme providing a microscopic insight into this technologically promising material. We find that its high piezoelectricity originates from the existence of large fluctuations of polarization in the orthorhombic state arising from the combination of a flat free-energy landscape, a fragmented local structure, and the narrow temperature window around room temperature at which this orthorhombic phase is the equilibrium state. In addition to deepening the current knowledge on piezoelectricity, these findings have the potential to guide the design of other lead-free materials with large electromechanical responses.