bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Silk Fibroin Degradation Related to Rheological and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Partlow Benjamin P. , Tabatabai A. Pasha , Leisk Gary G. , Cebe Peggy , Blair Daniel L. , Kaplan David L. 
Published: January 2016

Regenerated silk fibroin has been proposed as a material substrate for biomedical, optical, and electronic applications. Preparation of the silk fibroin solution requires extraction (degumming) to remove contaminants, but results in the degradation of the fibroin protein. Here, a mechanism of fibroin degradation is proposed and the molecular weight and polydispersity is characterized as a function of extraction time. Rheological analysis reveals significant changes in the viscosity of samples while mechanical characterization of cast and drawn films shows increased moduli, extensibility, and strength upon drawing. Fifteen minutes extraction time results in degraded fibroin that generates the strongest films. Structural analysis by wide angle X‐ray scattering (WAXS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicates molecular alignment in the drawn films and shows that the drawing process converts amorphous films into the crystalline, β‐sheet, secondary structure. Most interesting, by using selected extraction times, films with near‐native crystallinity, alignment, and molecular weight can be achieved; yet maximal mechanical properties for the films from regenerated silk fibroin solutions are found with solutions subjected to some degree of degradation. These results suggest that the regenerated solutions and the film casting and drawing processes introduce more complexity than native spinning processes.
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Segmenting the Business Traveler Based on Emotions, Satisfaction, and Behavioral Intention
Authors: Millán Angel , Fanjul María Luisa , Moital Miguel 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTAs travel is part of their work, business travelers are assumed to be focused on carrying out a work‐related task, rather than feeling emotionally stimulated during their trip. Due to this belief, there is limited research on consumer emotions within this segment of the travel market. However, not only is business travel an experience and therefore it involves emotions, but many business trips have a strong leisure component and business travel decision making is often emotionally charged. This paper segments the business travel market based on emotions, satisfaction, and behavioral intention. Using a sample of 400 managers in small‐ and medium‐sized companies, the study demonstrates that the relationship between emotions and satisfaction is not unidirectional as far as business tourism is concerned. For two of the four segments, the valence of emotions translated into an opposite level of satisfaction/intention. The segments were found to differ in personal and trip‐related variables.
Mall Haul Videos: Self‐Presentational Motives and the Role of Self‐Monitoring
Authors: Harnish Richard J. , Bridges K. Robert 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTMall haul videos or vlogs are short videos in which young women not only present their fashion and beauty purchases but express their evaluations and opinions as well. The attitudes expressed could help the vlogger reap social rewards from a reference group or demonstrate the consistency between privately held attitudes and publicly expressed ones. In four studies, using the self‐monitoring construct to identify which function an attitude may serve for an individual, the self‐monitoring propensity of mall haul vloggers and the social‐adjustive and value‐expressive functions that posting and watching such vlogs fulfill for the individual was explored. In the first study, those who post and do not post mall haul vlogs were surveyed and results suggested that more high self‐monitors than low self‐monitors posted mall haul vlogs. In Study 2, a content analysis was conducted and revealed that low self‐monitors in comparison to high self‐monitors mentioned more brand names in their mall haul vlog. In Study 3, the valence of the product evaluations conveyed in mall haul vlogs by high and low self‐monitors was analyzed. High self‐monitors generated more positive messages than low self‐monitors. Finally in Study 4, the links between self‐monitoring on individuals’ willingness to watch rather than post mall haul vlogs were examined. High self‐monitors were more likely to watch a mall haul vlog when the retailer mentioned was perceived to possess high status (compared to medium or low status); while low self‐monitors were more likely to watch a mall haul vlog when the retailer mentioned was perceived to possess low status (compared to medium or high status). Across all four studies, results indicated that mall haul vlogs were fulfilling a social‐adjustive function for high self‐monitors whereas they were fulfilling a value‐expressive function for low self‐monitors. Implications for marketing are discussed.
Understanding the Impact of Online Reviews on Customer Choice: A Probability Discounting Approach
Authors: Fagerstrøm Asle , Ghinea Gheorghita , Sydnes Lars 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTThis study uses the concept of probability discounting to understand the impact of online customer reviews on consumer choice. Probability discounting describes how the subjective value of an outcome alters when its delivery shifts from certain to uncertain. An experimental study with 29 participants was conducted. Participants were run through an online shopping scenario where they had to choose whether to buy a product from a Web shop with customer reviews on reliability or from a Web shop without reviews but with a lower product price. A titration procedure over sales price for the Web shop without reviews was run over seven probability conditions. The mean switching points where participants chose where to buy the product were extracted from the experimental data, and probability discounting factors were calculated. The results supported the assumption that online reviews indicate the probability of a successful transaction online and function as a guide to choices. Implications for marketers as well as suggestions for future research are discussed.
Gas‐phase reactions of methyl thiocyanate with aliphatic carbanions – A mass spectrometry and computational study
Authors: Repeć Barbara , Błaziak Kacper , Danikiewicz Witold 
Published: January 2016

RationaleMethyl thiocyanate, like other organic thiocyanates, is a molecule with many electrophilic reactive sites and it has many synthetic applications. For better understanding of the intrinsic reactivity of alkyl thiocyanates against nucleophiles it was important to study gas‐phase reactions of methyl thiocyanate with carbanions differing by structure and proton affinity values.MethodsAll experiments were performed using a modified API 365 triple quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped with a TurboIonSpray electrospray ionization (ESI) source. Carbanions were generated in the ESI source by decarboxylation of the respective carboxylic acid anions. Methyl thiocyanate was delivered as a vapor with nitrogen used as a collision gas to the collision cell where the reactions take place.ResultsMass spectra recorded for the gas‐phase reactions of five aliphatic carbanions with methyl thiocyanate showed a variety of product ions formed via different reaction mechanisms, depending on the structure and proton affinity of the carbanion. The pathways considered are: SN2 nucleophilic substitution, cyanophilic reaction, thiophilic reaction and proton transfer, followed in some instances by subsequent transformations. The proposed reaction pathways are supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations.ConclusionsOur preliminary experiments showed that mass spectrometry together with quantum chemical calculations is a good tool for studying gas‐phase reactions of alkyl thiocyanates with carbanions. In the gas phase all four theoretically possible products can be observed and their formation can be rationalized by the results of the modelling of the reaction energy profiles. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metabolic profiling of luteolin‐7‐O‐glucoside in rat urine, plasma, bile and feces after oral administration using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Liu Hongxia , Huo Xiaoguang , Ding Liqin , Feng Xinchi , Jiang Miaomiao , Pan Guixiang , Chen Lixia , Qiu Feng 
Published: January 2016

RationaleLuteolin‐7‐O‐glucoside (L7G), the main bioactive ingredient of Chinese Lantern, has various biological functions, including anti‐inflammatory and anti‐oxidative activities. However, research on luteolin‐7‐O‐glucoside has focused on the extraction, separation and biological activities of this natural product, whereas the metabolism of luteolin‐7‐O‐glucoside in vivo is not fully understood. In order to explore the metabolic profile of luteolin‐7‐O‐glucoside, we investigated its metabolites in plasma, bile, urine and feces samples following oral administration to rats.MethodsIn this study, an ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/QTOFMS) method with a workflow‐interpretation strategy was developed to profile and identify the major metabolites of luteolin‐7‐O‐glucoside in rat urine, plasma, bile and feces after oral administration.ResultsA total of 44 luteolin‐7‐O‐glucoside‐related metabolites were identified in rat biological samples after oral administration of luteolin‐7‐O‐glucoside, including 35 metabolites in urine, 17 metabolites in plasma, 17 metabolites in bile and 5 metabolites in feces. Additionally, three major metabolites (M22, M40 and M44) were isolated as standards from urine and feces.ConclusionsThe study indicated that luteolin‐7‐O‐glucoside was hydrolyzed to luteolin firstly, and then for further absorption, metabolism and excretion in vivo. The results showed that phase I metabolites are hydrolysis and reduction metabolites, and phase II metabolites include sulfation, glucuronidation and methylation metabolites. This research provides scientific and reliable support for full understanding of the metabolic profiling of luteolin‐7‐O‐glucoside and the results provide evidence that should help to elucidate the effective substance basis of luteolin‐7‐O‐glucoside in vivo. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An objective re‐evaluation of adaptive sample size re‐estimation: commentary on ‘Twenty‐five years of confirmatory adaptive designs’
Authors: Mehta Cyrus , Liu Lingyun 
Published: January 2016

Over the past 25 years, adaptive designs have gradually gained acceptance and are being used with increasing frequency in confirmatory clinical trials. Recent surveys of submissions to the regulatory agencies reveal that the most popular type of adaptation is unblinded sample size re‐estimation. Concerns have nevertheless been raised that this type of adaptation is inefficient.We intend to show in our discussion that such concerns are greatly exaggerated in any practical setting and that the advantages of adaptive sample size re‐estimation usually outweigh any minor loss of efficiency. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prognosis After Brain Metastasis from Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Saito Fumi , Uruno Takashi , Shibuya Hiroshi , Kitagawa Wataru , Nagahama Mitsuji , Sugino Kiminori , Ito Koichi 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundIn patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC), lung and bone metastasis sometimes occur. However, brain metastasis (BM) is extremely rare. Because most previous reports about BM from DTC included a relatively small number of cases, the clinical characteristics and outcomes of BM are still unclear.Patients and methodsBetween 1965 and 2013, among 961 patients who had died because of DTC, 24 patients were diagnosed with BM from DTC. One patient with BM from DTC is still alive. To identify the prognostic factors for longer survival after BM, the medical records of these 25 patients were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsThe median age at BM diagnosis was 66 years. Typical symptoms associated with BM had appeared in 20 patients (80 %). The Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) was good (≥70) in 10 patients and poor (≤60) in 15 patients. Seven patients had a single intracranial lesion of BM, 6 patients had 2 or 3 lesions, and 9 patients had 4 or more. Eleven patients did not receive any treatment for BM, and 14 patients underwent surgical resection, radiation therapy, or both. One‐year and 5‐year disease‐specific survival rates were 28 and 10.6 %, respectively. Good KPS (≥70), small number of intracranial lesions (≤3), and treatment for BM were prognostic factors for long survival on univariate analysis (p < 0.05). On multivariate analysis, only treatment for BM was significant.ConclusionTreatment of BM from DTC is indicated in patients who have a good KPS and fewer intracranial lesions, and some of them may achieve long survival.
Guidelines for palivizumab prophylaxis in infants and young children at increased risk for respiratory syncytial virus infection in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Aql Fahad Al , Al-Hajjar Sami , Mahmoud Latifa Bin , Al-Alaiyan Saleh , Tufenkji Haysam , Bin-Hussain Ibrahim , Abuzaid Sameh , Peter Vetha 
Published: January 2016

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of serious seasonal lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) in high-risk infants and children, with epidemics occurring annually in Saudi Arabia from October to March.
Premature infants born at less than 29 weeks gestation with chronic lung disease or those with significant congenital heart disease who have RSV infection are more likely to be hospitalized and have increased morbidity and mortality. Palivizumab (Synagis®, Medimmune) is a humanized monoclonal antibody for the prevention of severe LRTI by RSV in high-risk children. The current use of Palivizumab in Saudi Arabia is not regulated and does not meet approved standards.
This clinical practice policy statement was developed by the Ministry of Health and is supported by the National Immunization Technical Advisory Group (NITAG) in Saudi Arabia. It is based on available national and international data on the use of Palivizumab for the prevention of severe LRTI caused by RSV in high-risk pediatric patients. These guidelines were solicited and endorsed by two Saudi societies: The Neonatology and the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Societies.
Information and communication technology solutions for outdoor navigation in dementia
Authors: Teipel Stefan , Babiloni Claudio , Hoey Jesse , Kaye Jeffrey , Kirste Thomas , Burmeister Oliver K. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIntroductionInformation and communication technology (ICT) is potentially mature enough to empower outdoor and social activities in dementia. However, actual ICT‐based devices have limited functionality and impact, mainly limited to safety. What is an ideal operational framework to enhance this field to support outdoor and social activities?MethodsReview of literature and cross‐disciplinary expert discussion.ResultsA situation‐aware ICT requires a flexible fine‐tuning by stakeholders of system usability and complexity of function, and of user safety and autonomy. It should operate by artificial intelligence/machine learning and should reflect harmonized stakeholder values, social context, and user residual cognitive functions. ICT services should be proposed at the prodromal stage of dementia and should be carefully validated within the life space of users in terms of quality of life, social activities, and costs.DiscussionThe operational framework has the potential to produce ICT and services with high clinical impact but requires substantial investment.
Multisensory interaction in product choice: Grasping a product affects choice of other seen products
Authors: Streicher Mathias C. , Estes Zachary 
Published: January 2016

AbstractConsumers often touch products before reaching purchase decisions, and indeed touch improves evaluations of the given product. The present research investigates how touching a given product influences perception and choice of other seen products. We show that grasping a source product increases the visual fluency of a haptically similar product, thereby increasing the likelihood of choosing that product, but not the willingness to pay for it (Study 1). We also show that visually crowded rather than sparse product displays increase the effect of touch on choosing other haptically similar products, and that individuals’ instrumental need for touch further modulates this effect (Study 2). Our results suggest that by manipulating or mimicking the haptic features (e.g., shape and size) of objects that consumers grasp while shopping, marketers can develop packaging that facilitates consumers’ visual processing of their products, thereby increasing choice of those products.
Gender and Age Determinants of Psychogenic Movement Disorders: A Clinical Profile of 73 Patients
Authors: Kamble Nitish , Prashantha D.K. , Jha Menka , Netravathi M. , Reddy Y.C. Janardhan , Pal Pramod Kumar 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackground: Psychogenic movement disorders (PMD) is a group of disorders that cannot be attributed to any structural or biochemical abnormality, but has an underlying psychiatric illness. The profile of PMD varies according to country and socioeconomic factors. Methods: The present study reports the clinical profile of patients with PMD from India. Seventy-three patients with documented or clinically established PMD were seen over a period of 14 years with detailed neurological and psychiatric examinations. Results: The mean age at presentation was 29.1±15.1 years (women, 51%). Approximately 30% were ≤18 years of age (boys, 63.6%). The onset of symptoms was abrupt in 61.6% and the initial body part most often affected was right upper limb (adults, 29.4%; children, 31.8%). Tremor was observed in 31.4% of adults and 9% of children, whereas myoclonus was more common in children (36.4%). Tremors were more often seen in women (42.3%) than in men (20%), whereas myoclonus was almost equally prevalent in girls (37.5%) and boys (35.7%). Depression was the most common psychiatric comorbidity (men, 16%; women, 15.4%). About 42.5% required hospital admission and 57.5% had significant reduction or complete cessation of PMD after counseling, antidepressants, and/ or placebo. Conclusions: PMD was equally prevalent among women and men. Tremor was most often observed in adults, whereas myoclonus was most often observed in children. Electrophysiology and placebo were useful supplementary tools for diagnosing PMD.
The limits of power: the political ecology of the Spanish Empire in the Greater Southwest
Authors: Sheridan Thomas E. 
Published: January 2016

The Spanish conquest of the Americas was one of the most dramatic cultural and biological transformations in the history of the world. Small groups of conquistadores toppled enormous empires. Millions of Native Americans died from epidemic disease. Old World animals and plants revolutionized Native American societies, while New World crops fundamentally altered the diet and land-tenure of peasants across Europe. In the words of historian Alfred Crosby (1972: 3),The two worlds, which God had cast asunder, were reunited, and the two worlds, which were so very different, began on that day [I1 October 14921 to become alike.
Relationship of sodium intake with obesity among Korean children and adolescents: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Lee Soo-Kyung , Kim Mi Kyung 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWe investigated whether dietary and urinary Na is associated with adiposity in Korean children and adolescents (10–18 years), a population with a high salt intake. Study subjects were Korean children and adolescents who participated in the cross-sectional nationally representative Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010–2011). This study used measures of dietary (24-h dietary recall) and urinary Na (Na:creatinine ratio) and three methods to determine obesity (BMI, waist circumference (WC) and total body per cent fat (TBPF)). Higher Na intake was significantly associated with obesity, adjusting for the covariates. Subjects in the highest tertile of urinary Na excretion had a significantly higher OR for higher adiposity compared with those in the lowest tertile (multivariate-adjusted OR 3·13 (95 % CI 1·81, 5·50) for BMI, 2·15 (95 % CI 1·27, 3·66) for WC and 1·92 (95 % CI 1·29, 2·86) for TBPF, respectively). Na intake estimated by the 24-h recall method also showed significant association with adiposity (multivariate-adjusted OR 2·79 (95 % CI 1·66, 4·68) for BMI and 2·14 (95 % CI 1·25, 3·67) for WC, respectively). The significant associations between Na and adiposity remained significant after additionally adjusting for sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption. Our results revealed a significant positive association between urinary and dietary Na and adiposity in Korean children and adolescents, independent of SSB consumption.
Income Inequities in Health Care Utilization among Adults Aged 50 and Older
Authors: Penning Margaret J. , Zheng Chi 
Published: January 2016

RÉSUMÉL'accès équitable et l'utilisation des services de santé sont des objectifs primaires pour de nombreux systèmes de soins de santé, en particulier dans les pays dotés de systèmes universels financés par l'État. Malgré des incertitudes quant aux conséquences potentiellement défavorables de la politique de soins de santé et d'autres réformes dans les années 1990, il reste difficile de savoir si et comment les inégalités de revenus dans l'utilisation des services ont altérés ensuite. Cette étude portait sur l'impact du revenu sur l'utilisation des médecins et des hôpitaux de 1992 à 2002 chez les adultes âgés de 50 ans ou plus en la Colombie-Britannique. Ceux qui ont des revenus plus faibles ont été trouvés d'être moins susceptibles d'accéder aux médecins généralistes et les services de spécialistes, mais étaient plus susceptibles d'accéder aux services hospitaliers. Les disparités liées au revenu dans l'accès aux soins de médecins a augmenté au fil du temps, tandis que l'accès aux soins de l'hôpital a diminué. Le volume de soins de médécins géneralistes et des soins de l'hôpital étaient inversement proportionnelle au revenu; ces différences ont augmenté en ce qui concerne les services des MGs seulement. Les résultats de baisses dans l'accès aux soins à l'hôpital, accompagné par des disparités croissantes de revenus liés à l'accès aux services de médecins, montrent que les inégalités augmentent dans le système de soins de santé canadien.
EC–Seal Products: The Tension between Public Morals and International Trade Agreements
Authors: CONCONI PAOLA , VOON TANIA 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe EC–Seal Products dispute raises fundamental questions about the relationship between public morals and international trade. Can WTO members impose trade restrictions based on moral or ethical concerns? Under what conditions can these concerns trump existing trade liberalization commitments? The dispute was filed in 2009 by Canada and Norway against the EU, which in the same year had banned seal products from being imported and placed on its market. According to the EU, the policy was introduced in response to European moral outrage at the inhumane killing of seals. The EU seal regime included a series of exceptions. In particular, it allowed imports of seal products hunted by Inuit or other indigenous communities, as well as imports of seal products processed and re-exported by EU producers. This article discusses the Appellate Body's ruling in EC–Seal Products and some of the key legal and economic issues raised by this dispute.