bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A meta‐analysis of the prognosis in patients with breast cancer with ipsilateral supraclavicular lymph node metastasis versus patients with stage IIIb/c or IV breast cancer
Authors: Liu Xu‐Hong , Zhang Lei , Chen Bo 
Published: February 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo systematically evaluate the prognosis in patients with breast cancer with ipsilateral supraclavicular lymph node metastasis (SLNM) versus patients with stage IIIb/c or IV breast cancer, so as to provide evidence for clinical practice and research.MethodsComputer retrieval from PubMed, Cochrane Libratory, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), CBM and Wanfang Database with the assistance of other retrieval tools. All the studies evaluating the prognosis in patients with breast cancer with ipsilateral supraclavicular lymph node metastasis versus patients with stage IIIb/c or IV breast cancer were collected. Quality assessment was performed for the included data based on the quality assessment criteria appropriate for this study. Meta‐analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software.ResultsA total of four references (1277 patients) were included. Assessment of influences on prognosis: As compared to the stage IIIb/c group, the 5‐year survival rate was slightly lower in the SLNM group (relative risk (RR) 0.79; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.59–1.06; Z = 1.55, P = 0.12), but there was no statistical significance; in contrast, the 5‐year survival rate was significantly increased in the SLNM group as compared to the stage IV group (RR = 2.70; 95%CI: 1.36–5.37; Z = 2.84, P = 0.005). As compared to the stage IIIb/c group, the 5‐year disease‐free survival rate was lower in the SLNM group (RR = 0.65; 95%CI: 0.40–1.05; Z = 1.75, P = 0.08); however, there was no statistical significance.ConclusionsIn patients with advanced breast cancer receiving combined therapy, the prognosis in patients with breast cancer with ipsilateral SLNM was significantly better than in those with stage IV breast cancer, and slightly worse than those with stage IIIb/c breast cancer. However, with the scarcity and poor quality of these observational studies, the long‐term prognosis remains to be further verified in large‐sample, high‐quality studies.
Impact of interventions to reduce Alzheimer's disease pathology on the prevalence of dementia in the oldest‐old
Authors: Brookmeyer Ron , Kawas Claudia H. , Abdallah Nada , Paganini‐Hill Annlia , Kim Ronald C. , Corrada María M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIntroductionThe number of persons aged >90 years will grow significantly in coming decades. This group has the highest rates of dementia, most commonly Alzheimer's disease (AD).MethodsUsing The 90+ Study, we developed a statistical model for dementia risk based on brain pathologies. Intervention scenarios which reduce or eliminate AD pathology were considered, and the numbers of dementia cases among the U.S. oldest‐old that could be prevented were estimated.ResultsThe U.S. dementia prevalence among the oldest‐old will increase from 1.35 million in 2015 to 4.72 million in 2050. If interventions eliminate AD pathology, dementia prevalence would be reduced by approximately 50%, averting nearly 2.4 million cases in 2050. However, large numbers of dementia cases would still remain.DiscussionReducing AD pathology would significantly decrease the public health burden of dementia. However, other interventions are needed to address the burden associated with other dementing pathologies prevalent in the oldest‐old.
The impact of self‐construal and ethnicity on self‐gifting behaviors
Authors: Pusaksrikit Theeranuch , Kang Jikyeong 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis research extends the understanding of how self‐construal plays a role in our consumption behavior using self‐gifting as its context. By applying a four‐dimensional self‐construal model, we sought to examine differences in self‐gifting behaviors among the four self‐construal groups (i.e., Bicultural, Western, Traditional, and Alienated), composed of participants from four ethnic groups in the UK (White, Indian, Pakistani, and Bangladeshi). The dependent variables included self‐gift propensity, self‐gift selection effort, and self‐gift post‐emotion. Our findings revealed significant differences in self‐gifting patterns among different self‐construal groups. Generally, the Bicultural and Western self‐construal groups are similar, but differ in self‐gifting behaviors from Traditional and Alienated self‐construal groups. We demonstrate how the four‐dimensional self‐construal model allows a more precise conceptualization of self‐construal and a more thorough investigation of cross‐cultural consumption patterns than does the two‐dimensional view.
Simultaneous identification of abused drugs, benzodiazepines, and new psychoactive substances in urine by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Lee Hei‐Hwa , Lee Jong‐Feng , Lin Shin‐Yu , Chen Bai‐Hsiun 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA literature search reveals no studies concerning simultaneous identification of commonly abused drugs, benzodiazepines, and new psychoactive substances in urine by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). We developed and validated an LC–MS/MS method for simultaneous identification of multiple abused drugs, benzodiazepines, and new psychoactive substances in urine from suspected drug abusers. The instrument was operated in multiple‐reaction monitoring using an electrospray ionization mode. Chromatograms were separated using an ACE5 C18 column on a gradient of acetonitrile. After liquid–liquid extraction, samples were passed through a 0.22‐μm polyvinylidene difluoride filter before injection into the LC–MS/MS. The limits of quantitation ranged from 0.5 ng/mL to 31.3 ng/mL. The linearity ranged from 0.5 ng/mL to 200 ng/mL. The precision results were below 15.4% (intraday) and 18.7% (interday). The intraday accuracy ranged from 85.9% to 121.0%; interday accuracy ranged from 66.1% to 128.7%. The proposed method was applied to 769 urine samples. The most common three drugs identified were ketamine, amphetamine, and opiates. The drug positive rate for one or more drugs was 79.6%. Our results demonstrate the suitability of the LC–MS/MS method for simultaneous identification of multiple abused drugs, benzodiazepines, and new psychoactive substances in urine.
Acute Calcific Bursitis After Ultrasound‐Guided Percutaneous Barbotage of Rotator Cuff Calcific Tendinopathy: A Case Report
Authors: Kang Bo‐Sung , Lee Seung Hak , Cho Yung , Chung Sun Gun 
Published: February 2016

AbstractUltrasound‐guided percutaneous barbotage is an effective treatment for rotator cuff calcific tendinopathy, providing rapid and substantial pain relief. We present the case of a 49‐year‐old woman with aggravated pain early after ultrasound‐guided barbotage of a large calcific deposit in the supraspinatus tendon. Subsequent examination revealed a thick calcification spreading along the subacromial‐subdeltoid bursa space, suggesting acute calcific bursitis complicated by barbotage. Additional barbotage alleviated her pain completely. Therefore, a high index of suspicion for acute calcific bursitis is required in patients with unresolved or aggravated pain after barbotage. Repeated barbotage could be effective for this condition.
ULVS XXVIII: Manipulating the Desert Environment: ancient walls, floodwater farming and territoriality in the Tripolitanian pre-desert of Libya
Authors: Gilbertson D. D. , Chisholm N. W. T. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis paper examines the intentions, successes and failures of remarkable Romano-Libyan floodwater farmers who settled the arid Libyan pre-desert and used complexes of walls to manage the occasional floodwater as well as the desert's soils, sediments and biota. The paper presents and analyses a near ‘total’ data-set on the determinable locational properties of these ancient walls within one wadi — the 10 km long Wadi Umm el-Kharab. The organisation of these wall systems is shown to alter along the wadi according to changes in topographic, geomorphic and hydrological factors, as well as in relation to what are regarded in this paper as design and settlement factors. The organisation of the walls changes at confluences and distinctive topographic features. An analysis of the shape of enclosed areas indicates that the wadi can be divided into three broad sectors, each of which can be identified by differences in the shapes of the areas enclosed by walls. The enclosed shapes, as well as the general properties of the walls themselves do not vary in any simple linear manner along the wadi. Precise field mapping, as well as statistical displays of wall-related data, indicate the presence of similar ‘gaps’ in both the frequencies of settlement and of walls along the wadi. These gaps are, in part, explicable as the secondary consequences of hypothesised past flood-management problems associated with the confluences within the wadi system. They are also interpreted in this paper as some type of land use or other territorial ‘break’ created between the ancient community groups who occupied the wadi. This study has demonstrated the existence of distinct ‘preferences’ in the distances between walls, the areas enclosed between walls, and the thicknesses of walls. Overall, the types of organisation, and presumed functions of walls in this wadi are similar to those established from elsewhere in the Libyan pre-desert, but the balance is different in the Wadi Umm el-Kharab. The emphasis of wall-design in the Wadi Umm el-Kharab appeared to be upon the containment and management of floodwater, rather than the maximisation of the input of waters to the wadi floor, as deduced elsewhere. The long-term robustness and the environmental sophistication of these wall-systems are evident.
Libyan tribes in diaspora
Authors: Najem Faraj 
Published: February 2016

AbstractTribal immigration into and out of Libya has been largely unexplored. This study, based on Arabic and Libyan sources, begins to rectify this. It aims to examine the causes that have led tribes to flee the country voluntarily or by force and will follow the hardship of immigrants during the Qaramanh rule (1711-1835) and their establishment in neighbouring countries.Based on the author's own fieldwork and that of others, the methodology focuses on primary Arabic sources including interviews and oral traditions to establish a chronology of tribal movements to Egypt, Tunisia and Chad. Once settled outside Libya, these ex-patriot Libyans were involved in key events in their host countries.
Water table decline, springline desiccation and the early development of irrigated agriculture in the Wādi al-Ajāl, Libyan Fazzān
Authors: Drake Nick , Wilson Andrew , Peiling Ruth , White Kevin , Mattingly David , Black Stuart 
Published: February 2016

AbstractUranium/Thorium (U/Th) and226Ra dating has been applied to spring deposits in order to determine the timing of the drying up of springs in the Wādī al-Ajāl, Fazzān, Libya. These dates are compared with results of archaeological surveys of irrigation structures and archaeobotanical studies of plant remains to further our understanding of the factors that controlled the introduction of irrigated agriculture, its nature and timing.Though there are still important gaps in our understanding, the results suggest that by 3,100 ±125 BP surface water was either very scarce or nonexistent at the base of the escarpment, although the water table was probably very near the surface at the base of the Wādī in the vicinity of Jarma. Archaeobotanical evidence indicates that irrigated agriculture was introduced in the early part of the first millennium BC, soon after the desiccation of the springs and presumably in response to the fall in the water table and the increasingly scarce availability of surface water. No irrigation structures have been found that relate to this period, but the most likely scenario involves wells tapping the near surface water in the vicinity of Jarma. The earliest irrigation systems are foggaras which archaeological evidence suggests were probably introduced by the final few centuries BC, and definitely before the fourth century AD. The extensification of agriculture associated with extensive foggara development broadly corresponds with archaeobotanical evidence for an intensification and diversification of agriculture involving the introduction of a farming system utilising both winter and summer crops. There are likely to be strong connections between these two developments and that of the rise of the Garamantes.
Desert Migrations: people, environment and culture in the Libyan Sahara
Authors: Mattingly David , Lahr Marta , Armitage Simon , Barton Huw , Dore John , Drake Nick , Foley Robert , Merlo Stefania , Salem Mustapha , Stock Jay , White Kevin , Ahmed Muftah , Cole Franca , Crivellaro Federica , Rodriguez Mireya Gonzalez , Guagnin Maria , Jones Sebastian , Karloukovski Vassil , Leitch Victoria , Maher Lisa , Moussa Farès , Radini Anita , Reeds Ian , Savage Toby , Sterry Martin 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe Desert Migrations Project is a new interdisciplinary and multi-dimensional collaborative project between the Society for Libyan Studies and the Department of Antiquities. The geographical focus of the study is the Fazzan region of southwest Libya and in thematic terms we aim to address the theme of migration in the broadest sense, encompassing the movement of people, ideas/knowledge and material culture into and out of Fazzan, along with evidence of shifting climatic and ecological boundaries over time. The report describes the principal sub-strands of the project's first season in January 2007, with some account of research questions, methods employed and some preliminary results. Three main sub-projects are reported on. The first concerns the improved understanding of long-term climatic and environmental changes derived from a detailed palaeoenvironmental study of palaeolake sediments. This geo-science work runs alongside and feeds directly into both archaeological sub-projects, the first relating to prehistoric activity and mobility around and between a series of palaeolakes during wetter climatic cycles; the second to the excavation of burials in the Wadi al-Ajal, exploring the changing relationship between material culture, identity and ethnicity across time, from prehistory to the early Islamic period (the span of the main cemetery zones). In addition, some rock art research and a survey of historic period sites was undertaken in the Wadi ash-Shati and Ubari sand sea.
Ancient rainwater harvesting systems in the north-eastern Marmarica (north-western Egypt)
Authors: Vetter Thomas , Rieger Anna-Katharina , Nicolay Alexander 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn arid and semi-arid regions runoff-fed agriculture has been common for millennia. Recent geographical and archaeological investigations in the north-eastern part of ancient Marmarica (north-western Egypt) revealed a dense network of water harvesting systems associated with settlements and production sites dating back to Ptolemaic times. The environmental conditions and the ancient water management strategies are characterised by minimal intervention but maximised effect and optimised utilisation of the scarce water (100–150 mm seasonal discharge) and soil resources of the region.
Garamantian agriculture: the plant remains from Jarma, Fazzan
Authors: Pelling Ruth 
Published: February 2016

AbstractExcavations at Jarma, associated with the ancient capital of the Garamantes, Garama, in the Fazzan, southern Libya, have recovered a long sequence of charred and desiccated plant remains. The archaeobotanical analysis of the samples have provided an insight into the crop plants cultivated by the Garamantian period occupants of Jarma, and the nature of crop processing activities, plant use and disposal. A broad range of cereal, fruit and fibre crops have been identified which demonstrate both winter and summer season cultivation in the region from the end of the first millennium BC. A sophisticated arable regime relying onfoggarairrigation was practised.
Quinazoline-based tricyclic compounds that regulate programmed cell death, induce neuronal differentiation, and are curative in animal models for excitotoxicity and hereditary brain disease
Authors: Vainshtein A , Veenman L , Shterenberg A , Singh S , Masarwa A , Dutta B , Island B , Tsoglin E , Levin E , Leschiner S , Maniv I , Pe’er L , Otradnov I , Zubedat S , Aga-Mizrachi S , Weizman A , Avital A , Marek I , Gavish M 
Published: February 2016

AbstractExpanding on a quinazoline scaffold, we developed tricyclic compounds with biological activity. These compounds bind to the 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) and protect U118MG (glioblastoma cell line of glial origin) cells from glutamate-induced cell death. Fascinating, they can induce neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells (cell line of pheochromocytoma origin with neuronal characteristics) known to display neuronal characteristics, including outgrowth of neurites, tubulin expression, and NeuN (antigen known as ‘neuronal nuclei’, also known as Rbfox3) expression. As part of the neurodifferentiation process, they can amplify cell death induced by glutamate. Interestingly, the compound 2-phenylquinazolin-4-yl dimethylcarbamate (MGV-1) can induce expansive neurite sprouting on its own and also in synergy with nerve growth factor and with glutamate. Glycine is not required, indicating that N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors are not involved in this activity. These diverse effects on cells of glial origin and on cells with neuronal characteristics induced in culture by this one compound, MGV-1, as reported in this article, mimic the diverse events that take place during embryonic development of the brain (maintenance of glial integrity, differentiation of progenitor cells to mature neurons, and weeding out of non-differentiating progenitor cells). Such mechanisms are also important for protective, curative, and restorative processes that occur during and after brain injury and brain disease. Indeed, we found in a rat model of systemic kainic acid injection that MGV-1 can prevent seizures, counteract the process of ongoing brain damage, including edema, and restore behavior defects to normal patterns. Furthermore, in the R6-2 (transgenic mouse model for Huntington disease; Strain name: B6CBA-Tg(HDexon1)62Gpb/3J) transgenic mouse model for Huntington disease, derivatives of MGV-1 can increase lifespan by >20% and reduce incidence of abnormal movements. Also in vitro, these derivatives were more effective than MGV-1.
Reducing dynamic disorder in small-molecule organic semiconductors by suppressing large-amplitude thermal motions
Authors: Illig Steffen , Eggeman Alexander S. , Troisi Alessandro , Jiang Lang , Warwick Chris , Nikolka Mark , Schweicher Guillaume , Yeates Stephen G. , Henri Geerts Yves , Anthony John E. , Sirringhaus Henning 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThermal vibrations and the dynamic disorder they create can detrimentally affect the transport properties of van der Waals bonded molecular semiconductors. The low-energy nature of these vibrations makes it difficult to access them experimentally, which is why we still lack clear molecular design rules to control and reduce dynamic disorder. In this study we discuss the promising organic semiconductors rubrene, 2,7-dioctyl[1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothio-phene and 2,9-di-decyl-dinaphtho-[2,3-b:20,30-f]-thieno-[3,2-b]-thiophene in terms of an exceptionally low degree of dynamic disorder. In particular, we analyse diffuse scattering in transmission electron microscopy, to show that small molecules that have their side chains attached along the long axis of their conjugated core are better encapsulated in their crystal structure, which helps reduce large-amplitude thermal motions. Our work provides a general strategy for the design of new classes of very high mobility organic semiconductors with a low degree of dynamic disorder.
Genome analysis of three Pneumocystis species reveals adaptation mechanisms to life exclusively in mammalian hosts
Authors: Ma Liang , Chen Zehua , Huang Da Wei , Kutty Geetha , Ishihara Mayumi , Wang Honghui , Abouelleil Amr , Bishop Lisa , Davey Emma , Deng Rebecca , Deng Xilong , Fan Lin , Fantoni Giovanna , Fitzgerald Michael , Gogineni Emile , Goldberg Jonathan M. , Handley Grace , Hu Xiaojun , Huber Charles , Jiao Xiaoli , Jones Kristine , Levin Joshua Z. , Liu Yueqin , Macdonald Pendexter , Melnikov Alexandre , Raley Castle , Sassi Monica , Sherman Brad T. , Song Xiaohong , Sykes Sean , Tran Bao , Walsh Laura , Xia Yun , Yang Jun , Young Sarah , Zeng Qiandong , Zheng Xin , Stephens Robert , Nusbaum Chad , Birren Bruce W. , Azadi Parastoo , Lempicki Richard A. , Cuomo Christina A. , Kovacs Joseph A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPneumocystis jiroveciiis a major cause of life-threatening pneumonia in immunosuppressed patients including transplant recipients and those with HIV/AIDS, yet surprisingly little is known about the biology of this fungal pathogen. Here we report near complete genome assemblies for threePneumocystisspecies that infect humans, rats and mice.Pneumocystisgenomes are highly compact relative to other fungi, with substantial reductions of ribosomal RNA genes, transporters, transcription factors and many metabolic pathways, but contain expansions of surface proteins, especially a unique and complex surface glycoprotein superfamily, as well as proteases and RNA processing proteins. Unexpectedly, the key fungal cell wall components chitin and outer chain N-mannans are absent, based on genome content and experimental validation. Our findings suggest thatPneumocystishas developed unique mechanisms of adaptation to life exclusively in mammalian hosts, including dependence on the lungs for gas and nutrients and highly efficient strategies to escape both host innate and acquired immune defenses.
Viruliferous rate of small brown planthopper is a good indicator of rice stripe disease epidemics
Authors: He Dun-Chun , Zhan Jiasui , Cheng Zhao-Bang , Xie Lian-Hui 
Published: February 2016

AbstractRice stripe virus (RSV), its vector insect (small brown planthopper, SBPH) and climatic conditions in Jiangsu, China were monitored between 2002 and 2012 to determine key biotic and abiotic factors driving epidemics of the disease. Average disease severity, disease incidence and viruliferous rate of SBPH peaked in 2004 and then gradually decreased. Disease severity of RSV was positively correlated with viruliferous rate of the vector but not with the population density of the insect, suggesting that the proportion of vectors infected by the virus rather than the absolute number of vectors plays an important role in RSV epidemics and could be used for disease forecasting. The finding of a positive correlation of disease severity and viruliferous rate among years suggests that local infection is likely the main source of primary inoculum of RSV. Of the two main climatic factors, temperature plays a more important role than rainfall in RSV epidemics.