bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti‐Apoptotic Effect of N‐Palmitoyl Serotonin on Glutamate‐Mediated Apoptosis Through Secretion of BDNF and Activation of TrkB/CREB Pathway in HT‐22 Cells
Authors: Yoo Jae‐Myung , Lee Bo Dam , Lee Su Jin , Ma Jin Yeul , Kim Mee Ree 
Published: November 2017

Recently, N‐acyl serotonins have been reported to exert neuroprotective actions against oxidative stress by inducing antioxidant enzymes. However, the mechanisms for the neuroprotective action of N‐acyl serotonins are still not clarified. In this study, we focuse on the suppressive effect of N‐palmitoyl serotonin on glutamate‐induced apoptosis in HT‐22 cells, and then examine the molecular mechanism for anti‐apoptotic action of N‐palmitoyl serotonin. For this purpose, flow cytometry, immunoblotting analysis and antibody‐mediated neutralization is formed. When HT‐22 cells are preincubated with N‐palmitoyl serotonin prior to glutamate treatment, N‐palmitoyl serotonin dose‐dependently reduces apoptotic bodies, and recoveres mitochondrial potential in glutamate‐treated HT‐22 cells. Further, N‐palmitoyl serotonin concentration‐dependently increases the expression of B‐cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‐2), an anti‐apoptotic factor, whereas it reduces the expression of Bcl‐2‐associated X protein, apoptosis‐inducing factor, Ca2+‐dependent non‐lysosomal cysteine protease, cytochrome c, and cleaves caspase‐3. Meanwhile, N‐palmitoyl serotonin enhanced phosphorylation of tropomyosin‐related kinase receptors (TrkB) and cAMP response element‐binding protein (CREB) as well as expression of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Separately, the inclusion of anti‐BDNF antibody neutralizes the neuroprotective action of N‐palmitoyl serotonin against glutamate‐induced cell death. In addition, K252a, a TrkB inhibitor, also reverses neuroprotective effect of N‐palmitoyl serotonin, suggesting that the action of N‐palmitoyl serotonin may be expressed through the formation of BDNF. Based on these results, it is proposed that N‐palmitoyl serotonin promotes formation and secretion of BDNF, and then protects neuronal cells against oxidative stress‐induced apoptosis through activation of TrkB/CREB pathway.Practical Applications: The results may provide further information for the application of N‐acyl serotonins as a therapeutic or preventive agent for neurodegenerative diseases.N‐Palmitoyl 2 serotonin (Pal‐5HT) not only induces brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression but also protects neuronal cells against oxidative stress.
Lactofen – Electrochemical Sensing and Interaction with dsDNA
Authors: Guziejewski Dariusz , Morawska Kamila , Popławski Tomasz , Metelka Radovan , Ciesielski Witold , Smarzewska Sylwia 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe electrochemical reduction of lactofen (LCT) at the glassy carbon (GCE) and silver amalgam film electrode (AMFE) is investigatedin detail by the means of square wave voltammetry (SWV), square wave stripping voltammetry (SWSV) and cyclic voltammetry. The influence of various factors such as supporting electrolyte composition and SW parameters were studied. The AMFE electrode showed an excellent electrochemical activity toward the electro‐reduction of LCT, leading to a significant improvement in sensitivity as compared to the glassy carbon electrode.The SWSV detection limits for GCE and AMFE were 285.0 nM and 2.0 nM, respectively. The applicability of the developed voltammetric method for analysis of tap water and river water is illustrated with spiked samples analysis. Moreover, as lactofen is highly toxic to fish and other aquatic organisms, its interaction with dsDNA isolated from salmon sperm was tested. The intercalative mode of LCT binding to dsDNA was estimated. The heterogeneous rate constants were calculated for the free LCT and the LCT‐dsDNA complex. Moreover, LCT‐dsDNA complex binding ratio and equilibrium constant were determined. The decrease in the SWV peak current of LCT in the presence of dsDNA was used for the determination of dsDNA.
Joule heating induced stream broadening in free‐flow zone electrophoresis
Authors: Dutta Debashis 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe use of an electric field in free‐flow zone electrophoresis (FFZE) automatically leads to Joule heating yielding a higher temperature at the center of the separation chamber relative to that around the channel walls. For small amounts of heat generated, this thermal effect introduces a variation in the equilibrium position of the analyte molecules due to the dependence of liquid viscosity and analyte diffusivity on temperature leading to a modification in the position of the analyte stream as well as the zone width. In this article, an analytic theory is presented to quantitate such effects of Joule heating on FFZE assays in the limit of small temperature differentials across the channel gap yielding a closed form expression for the stream position and zone variance under equilibrium conditions. A method‐of‐moments approach is employed to develop this analytic theory, which is further validated with numerical solutions of the governing equations. Interestingly, the noted analyses predict that Joule heating can drift the location of the analyte stream either way of its equilibrium position realized in the absence of any temperature rise in the system, and also tends to reduce zone dispersion. The extent of these modifications, however, is governed by the electric field induced temperature rise and three Péclet numbers evaluated based on the axial pressure‐driven flow, transverse electroosmotic and electrophoretic solute velocities in the separation chamber. Monte Carlo simulations of the FFZE system further establish a time and a length scale over which the results from the analytic theory are valid.
Influence of ionic constituents and electrical conductivity on the propagation of charged nanoscale objects in passivated gel electrophoresis
Authors: Bikos Dimitri A. , Mason Thomas G. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWhen determining the electric field E acting on charged objects in gel electrophoresis, the electrical conductivity of the buffer solution is often overlooked; E is typically calculated by dividing the applied voltage by a separation distance between electrodes. However, as a consequence of electrolytic reactions, which occur at the electrodes, gradients in the ionic content of the buffer solution and its conductivity can potentially develop over time, thereby impacting E and affecting propagation velocities of charged objects, v, directly. Here, we explore how the types and concentrations of ionic constituents of the buffer solution, which largely control its conductivity, when used in passivated gel electrophoresis (P‐gelEP), can influence E, thereby altering v of charged nanospheres propagating through large‐pore gels. We measure the conductivity of the buffer solution in the center of the gel region near propagating bands of nanospheres, and we show that predictions of E based on conductivity closely correlate with v. We also explore P‐gelEP involving two different types of passivation agents: nonionic polyethylene glycol (PEG) and anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Our observations indicate that using a conductivity model to determine E from the local current density and the conductivity where spheres are propagating can lead to a better estimate than the standard approach of a voltage divided by a separation. Moreover, this conductivity model also provides a starting point for interpreting the complex behavior created by amphiphilic ionic passivation agents, such as SDS, on propagating nanospheres used in some P‐gelEP experiments.
Influence of cavitation and high shear stress on HSA aggregation behavior
Authors: Duerkop Mark , Berger Eva , Dürauer Astrid , Jungbauer Alois 
Published: November 2017

AbstractNeither the influence of high shear rates nor the impact of cavitation on protein aggregation is fully understood. The effect of cavitation bubble collapse‐derived hydroxyl radicals on the aggregation behavior of human serum albumin (HSA) was investigated. Radicals were generated by pumping through a micro‐orifice, ultra‐sonication, or chemically by Fenton's reaction. The amount of radicals produced by the two mechanical methods (0.12 and 11.25 nmol/(L min)) was not enough to change the protein integrity. In contrast, Fenton's reaction resulted in 382 nmol/(L min) of radicals, inducing protein aggregation. However, the micro‐orifice promoted the formation of soluble dimeric HSA aggregates. A validated computational fluid dynamic model of the orifice revealed a maximum and average shear rate on the order of 108 s−1 and 1.2 × 106 s−1, respectively. Although these values are among the highest ever reported in the literature, dimer formation did not occur when we used the same flow rate but suppressed cavitation. Therefore, aggregation is most likely caused by the increased surface area due to cavitation‐mediated bubble growth, not by hydroxyl radical release or shear stress as often reported.
Protein adsorption onto monoliths: A surface energetics study
Authors: Aasim Muhammad , Hidayatullah Khan Muhammad , Bibi Noor Shad , Zaman Khan Nadir 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis part of work was done to explore the basic understanding of the adsorption chromatography by determining the interaction of selected model proteins (n = 5) to monolithic chromatographic materials, with varying densities of butyl and phenyl ligands. Surface energetics approach was applied to study the interaction behavior. The physicochemical properties of the proteins and monolithic chromatographic materials were explored by contact angle and zeta potential values. These values were used to study protein to monolith interaction under various operating conditions. Surface energetics approach allowed the calculation of interaction energy as a function of distance, i.e. energy minimum values. Calculations were performed at various conditions to analyze the effect of major operating parameters on the interaction strength. The interaction strength exposed the hydrophobic nature of the monoliths which increases with increasing ligand density. Further, interaction energy of proteins were higher with monolith with butyl ligand compared to monolith with phenyl ligand. For instance, lactoferrin interaction to monoliths with butyl represents more interaction, i.e. 24.38 kT as compared to monoliths with phenyl i.e. 23.28 kT, keeping lambda as 0.2 nm and salt concentration as 100 mM of ammonium sulphate. Hence, more energy and time will be consumed for elution of proteins immobilized to monoliths with butyl. Similarly, the effect of solid surface for proteins immobilization, effect of ligand density and effect of lambda showed some interesting insights on the interaction behavior. The knowledge generated from the present work will help in the basic understanding as well as development of an efficient, low cost downstream processing design and may mimic the real chromatographic experiments.
Sanierungstunnel Belchen – Inertstoffdeponie Fasiswald
Authors: Weissenberger Lorenz , Schwalt Markus , Böheim Sebastian 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDerzeit werden die beiden Röhren des Belchentunnels des Autobahndreiecks Bern–Zürich–Basel um eine dritte Röhre erweitert. Dabei fällt Gipskeuper als problematisches Ausbruchmaterial an. Die wenig oberhalb des Tunnels gelegene, stillgelegte Tongrube Fasiswald wird als Inertstoffdeponie verwendet, um den Gipskeuper zu deponieren. Dabei stehen die maximale Nutzung des Deponievolumens und die Langzeitstabilität der Deponie im Vordergrund. Als dichtendes Material liegt Opalinuston (OPA) vor, der ursprünglich Gegenstand des Abbaus und daher Gegenstand der Entstehung der Abbaugrube war. Dieser OPA bestimmt aufgrund seiner Verwitterungsanfälligkeit und der ungünstigen geotechnischen Parameter langfristig die Stabilität der Deponie. Um die Stabilität nachzuweisen, wurden Berechnungen angestellt. Die Verbesserung der Stabilität erfolgte durch eine Optimierung der Deponierform. Als günstig erwies sich eine in Längsrichtung flach ansteigende Deponieoberfläche mit erhöhtem Deponiefuß. Mit dieser Form ist langfristig auch bei fortgeschrittener Verwitterung des OPA die Stabilität der Deponie gewährleistet.
Magmatic events recorded in granitic gneisses from the Hatu area, eastern East Kunlun Orogen: Response to the assembly of Rodinia
Authors: Chen Youxin , Pei Xianzhi , Li Zuochen , Li Ruibao , Liu Chengjun , Wang Meng 
Published: November 2017

A suite of granitic gneisses has been identified in the Hatu area, eastern segment of the East Kunlun Orogen. Zircon U–Pb dating of granitic gneisses indicates magmatic crystallization at 895.4 ± 9.3 Ma. However, some zircons yield a metamorphic age of 433.8 ± 6.2 Ma. When taken together, these data reveal that the Early Neoproterozoic granites experienced Early Paleozoic metamorphism. The granitic gneisses are characterized by high contents of SiO2, Al2O3, and K2O + Na2O and low concentrations of TiO2, MnO, and CaO. The petrochemical character (average A/CNK = 1.09 and average A/NK = 1.42) and the mineral assemblages suggest that the granites are of S type and peraluminous. The chondrite‐normalized rare earth element patterns of the samples show enrichment of light rare earth elements ((La/Yb)N = 13.84) and moderate negative Eu anomalies (δEu = 0.60). The primitive‐mantle‐normalized trace element diagrams show an enrichment of Rb and Th and a depletion of Ta, Nb, Sr, P, and Ti. The granitic gneisses have features of crust‐derived and typical continent–continent syn‐collisional granites. All the above characteristics suggest that the Paleoproterozoic Baishahe Formation probably served as the source rocks and that the granitic gneisses were generated by partial melting of the metasedimentary material related to crustal thickening. They also reveal a collision between the micro‐block in the Early Neoproterozoic in response to the assembly of the supercontinent Rodinia in East Kunlun.
Petrogenesis of the Jurassic adakitic rocks in Gan‐Hang Belt South China: Response to the Palaeo‐Pacific Plate oblique subduction
Authors: Zhao Xilin , Mao Jianren , Liu Kai , Li Zilong , Ye Haimin , Zhou Jing , Hu Yizhou 
Published: November 2017

To explain the roughly contemporary magmatic activities between Cathaysia Block and both sides of the Jiangnan Orogenic Belt, we discussed the magmatic‐ore related and closely compressive tectonism in the Gan‐Hang Belt. Also, we compared the Yongping Pluton and Yinshan volcanic‐plutonic rocks in northeastern Jiangxi, and Huangshitan and other plutons in the northern Zhejiang, which were produced in the setting of compressive tectonism. We compared bimodel dikes and Sanqingshan A‐type granite in the northeastern Jiangxi, and Huanshitan and other A‐type granites in the northern Zhejiang, which formed in the setting of extension. We proposed that approximately in Middle Jurassic time (175 ± 5 Ma), South China entered into the tectonic system, roughly from south to north oblique subduction of the Paleo‐Pacific Plate. The intermission period of the magmatic activities in Japan and South Korea (~170–120 Ma) was actually the period of the large‐scale magmatic‐ore forming activities in South China. Thus, this oblique subduction resulted in the dynamic imbalance and mutual movement from the deep part to the shallow part of the crust among surrounding blocks of South China and the multiple blocks of South China including those orogens between the North and South China blocks, between the Yangtze Craton and Cathayasian Block, and between the South China Block and Indosinian Block, as well as microcontinental blocks within Cathaysia Block. At present, we cannot rule out the influence of compressional–extensional tectonism for the Gan‐Hang Belt controlled by the Paleo‐Asia tectonic system.
Petrogenesis and tectonic setting of Carboniferous hornblende gabbros of the northern Great Xing'an Range, NE China: Constraints from geochronology, geochemistry, mineral chemistry, and zircon Hf isotopes
Authors: Yang Dong‐Guang , Sun De‐You , Gou Jun , Hou Xue‐Gang 
Published: November 2017

This study presents new information on the petrogenesis and tectonic setting of a hornblende gabbro in the northern Great Xing'an Range of northeastern China using new whole‐rock geochemical, mineral geochemical, and in situ zircon U–Pb and Hf isotopic data obtained for samples taken from near the town of Tayuan. Zircon U–Pb dating indicates that the hornblende gabbro was emplaced during the late Carboniferous (~311 Ma). The hornblende gabbros are alkaline with high K2O + Na2O (4.25–6.42 wt.%), low SiO2 (41.69–50.22 wt.%), and variable MgO (4.49–7.16 wt.%) and TiO2 (1.23–2.77 wt.%) contents. The pressure and temperature conditions of gabbro crystallization were determined using amphibole–plagioclase and amphibole thermobarometry, which indicate that the Tayuan hornblende gabbro formed at pressures of 4.1–6.9 kbar and temperatures of 686–762 °C, respectively. The hornblende gabbros are enriched in light rare earth elements and large ion lithophile elements, are depleted in the heavy rare earth elements and high field strength elements, and have positive zircon εHf(t) values (+3.9 to +9.9), all of which are indicative of formation from magmas generated by the partial melting of a depleted region of the lithospheric mantle that was previously metasomatized by subducted slab‐derived fluids and/or melts just before the generation of the hornblende gabbro magmas. The field observational, geochronological, geochemical, mineral geochemical, and zircon Hf isotopic data presented here are indicative of a complex petrogenetic history that involved crystal fractionation and magma mixing. These hornblende gabbros were emplaced in an extensional setting associated with the collision of the Xing'an and Songnen massifs.
Promoting normal birth and reducing caesarean section rates: An evaluation of the Rapid Improvement Programme
Authors: Cookson Graham , Laliotis Ioannis 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis paper evaluates the impact of the 2008 Rapid Improvement Programme that aimed at promoting normal birth and reducing caesarean section rates in the English National Health Service. Using Hospital Episode Statistics maternity records for the period 2001–2013, a panel data analysis was performed to determine whether the implementation of the programme reduced caesarean sections rates in participating hospitals. The results obtained using either the unadjusted sample of hospitals or a trimmed sample determined by a propensity score matching approach indicate that the impact of the programme was small. More specifically there were 2.3 to 3.4 fewer caesarean deliveries in participating hospitals, on average, during the postprogramme period offering a limited scope for cost reduction. This result mainly comes from the reduction in the number of emergency caesareans as no significant effect was uncovered for planned caesarean deliveries.
Increased hippocampus to ventromedial prefrontal connectivity during the construction of episodic future events
Authors: Campbell Karen L. , Madore Kevin P. , Benoit Roland G. , Thakral Preston P. , Schacter Daniel L. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBoth the hippocampus and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) appear to be critical for episodic future simulation. Damage to either structure affects one's ability to remember the past and imagine the future, and both structures are commonly activated as part of a wider core network during future simulation. However, the precise role played by each of these structures and, indeed, the direction of information flow between them during episodic simulation, is still not well understood. In this study, we scanned participants using functional magnetic resonance imaging while they imagined future events in response to object cues. We then used dynamic causal modeling to examine effective connectivity between the left anterior hippocampus and vmPFC during the initial mental construction of the events. Our results show that while there is strong bidirectional intrinsic connectivity between these regions (i.e., irrespective of task conditions), only the hippocampus to vmPFC connection increases during the construction of episodic future events, suggesting that the hippocampus initiates event simulation in response to retrieval cues, driving activation in the vmPFC where episodic details may be further integrated.
A comprehensive analysis of polymorphic variants in steroid hormone and insulin‐like growth factor‐1 metabolism and risk of in situ breast cancer: Results from the Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium
Authors: Barrdahl Myrto , Canzian Federico , Gaudet Mia M. , Gapstur Susan M. , Trichopoulou Antonia , Tsilidis Kostas , van Gils Carla H. , Borgquist Signe , Weiderpass Elisabete , Khaw Kay‐Tee , Giles Graham G. , Milne Roger L. , Le Marchand Loic , Haiman Christopher , Lindström Sara , Kraft Peter , Hunter David J. , Ziegler Regina , Chanock Stephen J. , Yang Xiaohong R. , Buring Julie E. , Lee I‐Min , Kaaks Rudolf , Campa Daniele 
Published: November 2017

We assessed the association between 1,414 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes involved in synthesis and metabolism of steroid hormones and insulin‐like growth factor 1, and risk of breast cancer in situ (BCIS), with the aim of determining whether any of these were disease specific. This was carried out using 1,062 BCIS cases and 10,126 controls as well as 6,113 invasive breast cancer cases from the Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium (BPC3). Three SNPs showed at least one nominally significant association in homozygous minor versus homozygous major models. ACVR2A‐rs2382112 (ORhom = 3.05, 95%CI = 1.72–5.44, Phom = 1.47 × 10−4), MAST2‐rs12124649 (ORhom = 1.73, 95% CI =1.18–2.54, Phom = 5.24 × 10−3), and INSR‐rs10500204 (ORhom = 1.96, 95% CI = 1.44–2.67, Phom=1.68 × 10−5) were associated with increased risk of BCIS; however, only the latter association was significant after correcting for multiple testing. Furthermore, INSR‐rs10500204 was more strongly associated with the risk of BCIS than invasive disease in case‐only analyses using the homozygous minor versus homozygous major model (ORhom = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.30–2.44, Phom = 3.23 × 10−4). The SNP INSR‐rs10500204 is located in an intron of the INSR gene and is likely to affect binding of the promyelocytic leukemia (PML) protein. The PML gene is known as a tumor suppressor and growth regulator in cancer. However, it is not clear on what pathway the A‐allele of rs10500204 could operate to influence the binding of the protein. Hence, functional studies are warranted to investigate this further.
Emotion regulation difficulties in obsessive‐compulsive disorder
Authors: Yap Keong , Mogan Christopher , Moriarty Anna , Dowling Nathan , Blair‐West Scott , Gelgec Celin , Moulding Richard 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectiveEmotion regulation difficulties are implicated in psychological disorders but their role in obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) is unclear. Two studies examining these difficulties in OCD are presented.MethodA community sample (Study 1; n = 306) and a clinical OCD sample (Study 2; n = 59) completed the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) and measures of depression, anxiety, and OCD. In Study 2, the OCD sample was compared to a matched control group (n = 59, selected from Study 1).ResultsIn Study 1, OCD was positively correlated with DERS total and subscale scores, and the DERS significantly predicted OCD severity even after accounting for age, gender, depression, and anxiety. In Study 2, emotion regulation difficulties were significantly higher in the clinical sample compared to the matched control group, even after accounting for depression and anxiety.ConclusionResults showed that emotion regulation difficulties in OCD cannot simply be attributed to mood difficulties. Theoretical and treatment implications are discussed.