bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wrist bone mineral density utility in diagnosing hip osteoporosis in postmenopausal women
Authors: Eftekhar-Sadat Bina , Ghavami Mostafa , Toopchizadeh Vahideh , Ghahvechi Akbari Masood 
Published: August 2016

Background: Osteoporosis is a common bone disease that increases with age. Wrist bone mineral density (BMD) has significant correlation with other skeletal sites and it could be used as a diagnostic method for osteoporosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of wrist BMD in diagnosing osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 99 postmenopausal women with mean age of 57 ± 6.9 (range 50–76) years were evaluated. BMD of nondominant wrist, lumbar spine (L2–L4) and femur bone using a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) device as well as lateral lumbosacral X-ray for degenerative joint disease (DJD) evaluation were measured. Mean T-score of wrist was lower than hip and lumbar area. Results: Osteopenia and osteoporosis were observed in 40.4% and 59.6% in the wrist, 38.4% and 24.2% in the hip and 36.4% and 49.5% in lumbar-spine BMD measurements, respectively. There was positive correlation between wrist BMD with hip BMD ( r = 0.468, p < 0.001) and lumbar BMD ( r = 0.322, p = 0.001). DJD due to lumbosacral X-ray was reported in 84 cases (84.8%) including mild DJD in 45 (53.5%), moderate DJD in 33 (39.3%) and severe DJD in 6 (7.2%). Conclusions: Our results showed that wrist BMD has better accuracy than lumbar BMD in diagnosing osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.
Risk of post‐colonoscopy colorectal cancer due to incomplete adenoma resection: A nationwide, population‐based cohort study
Authors: Belderbos Tim DG , Pullens Hendrikus JM , Leenders Max , Schipper Marguerite EI , Siersema Peter D , van Oijen Martijn GH 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundMost post‐colonoscopy colorectal cancers (PC‐CRCs) are thought to develop from missed or incompletely resected adenomas.AimsWe aimed to assess the incidence rate of PC‐CRC overall and per colorectal segment, as a proxy for PC‐CRC due to incomplete adenoma resection, and to identify adenoma characteristics associated with these PC‐CRCs.MethodsWe performed a nationwide, population‐based cohort study, including all patients with a first colorectal adenoma between 2000–2010 in the Dutch Pathology Registry (PALGA). Outcomes were the incidence rate of PC‐CRC overall and of PC‐CRC in the same colorectal segment, occurring between six months and five years after adenoma resection. A multivariable Cox proportional hazard analysis was performed to identify factors associated with PC‐CRCs in the same segment.ResultsWe included 107,744 patients (mean age 63.4 years; 53.6% male). PC‐CRC was detected in 1031 patients (0.96%) with an incidence rate of 1.88 per 1000 person years. PC‐CRC in the same segment was found in 323 of 133,519 adenomas (0.24%) with an incidence rate of 0.56 per 1000 years of follow‐up. High‐grade dysplasia (hazard ratio (HR) 2.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.99–3.25) and both villous (HR 2.63, 95% CI 1.79–3.87) and tubulovillous histology (HR 1.80, 95% CI 1.43–2.27) were risk factors for PC‐CRC in the same segment.ConclusionsApproximately one‐third of PC‐CRCs are found in the same colorectal segment after adenoma resection and could therefore be a consequence of incomplete adenoma resection, occurring in one in 400 adenomas. The risk of PC‐CRC in the same segment is increased in adenomas with high‐grade dysplasia or (tubulo)villous histology.
Dietary fiber and the short-chain fatty acid acetate promote resolution of neutrophilic inflammation in a model of gout in mice
Authors: Vieira Angélica T , Galvão Izabela , Macia Laurence M , Sernaglia érica M , Vinolo Marco Aurélio R , Garcia Cristiana C , Tavares Luciana P , Amaral Flávio A , Sousa Lirlândia P , Martins Flaviano S , Mackay Charles R , Teixeira Mauro M 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Gout is a disease characterized by the deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in the joints. Continuous gout episodes may lead to unresolved inflammatory responses and tissue damage. We investigated the effects of a high-fiber diet and acetate, a short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) resulting from the metabolism of fiber by gut microbiota, on the inflammatory response in an experimental model of gout in mice. Injection of MSU crystals into the knee joint of mice induced neutrophil influx and inflammatory hypernociception. The onset of inflammatory response induced by MSU crystals was not altered in animals given a high-fiber diet, but the high-fiber diet induced faster resolution of the inflammatory response. Similar results were obtained in animals given the SCFA acetate. Acetate was effective, even when given after injection of MSU crystals at the peak of the inflammatory response and induced caspase-dependent apoptosis of neutrophils that accounted for the resolution of inflammation. Resolution of neutrophilic inflammation was associated with decreased NF-κB activity and enhanced production of anti-inflammatory mediators, including IL-10, TGF-β, and annexin A1. Acetate treatment or intake of a high-fiber diet enhanced efferocytosis, an effect also observed in vitro with neutrophils treated with acetate. In conclusion, a high-fiber diet or one of its metabolic products, acetate, controls the inflammatory response to MSU crystals by favoring the resolution of the inflammatory response. Our studies suggest that what we eat plays a determinant role in our capacity to fine tune the inflammatory response. Introduction
Proplatelet formation is selectively inhibited by collagen type I through Syk-independent GPVI signaling
Authors: Semeniak Daniela , Kulawig Rebecca , Stegner David , Meyer Imke , Schwiebert Silke , Bösing Hendrik , Eckes Beate , Nieswandt Bernhard , Schulze Harald 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
Collagen receptors GPVI (also known as GP6) and integrin α2β1 are highly expressed on blood platelets and megakaryocytes, their immediate precursors. After vessel injury, subendothelial collagen becomes exposed and induces platelet activation to prevent blood loss. Collagen types I and IV are thought to have opposite effects on platelet biogenesis, directing proplatelet formation (PPF) towards the blood vessels to prevent premature release within the marrow cavity. We used megakaryocytes lacking collagen receptors or treated megakaryocytes with blocking antibodies, and could demonstrate that collagen-I-mediated inhibition of PPF is specifically controlled by GPVI. Other collagen types competed for binding and diminished the inhibitory signal, which was entirely dependent on receptor-proximal Src family kinases, whereas Syk and LAT were dispensable. Adhesion assays indicate that megakaryocyte binding to collagens is mediated by α2β1, and that collagen IV at the vascular niche might displace collagen I from megakaryocytes and thus contribute to prevention of premature platelet release into the marrow cavity and thereby directionally promote PPF at the vasculature.
The membrane trafficking and functionality of the K+-Cl− co-transporter KCC2 is regulated by TGF-β2
Authors: Roussa Eleni , Speer Jan Manuel , Chudotvorova Ilona , Khakipoor Shokoufeh , Smirnov Sergei , Rivera Claudio , Krieglstein Kerstin 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
Functional activation of the neuronal K+-Cl− co-transporter KCC2 (also known as SLC12A5) is a prerequisite for shifting GABAA responses from depolarizing to hyperpolarizing during development. Here, we introduce transforming growth factor β2 (TGF-β2) as a new regulator of KCC2 membrane trafficking and functional activation. TGF-β2 controls membrane trafficking, surface expression and activity of KCC2 in developing and mature mouse primary hippocampal neurons, as determined by immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, biotinylation of surface proteins and KCC2-mediated Cl− extrusion. We also identify the signaling pathway from TGF-β2 to cAMP-response-element-binding protein (CREB) and Ras-associated binding protein 11b (Rab11b) as the underlying mechanism for TGF-β2-mediated KCC2 trafficking and functional activation. TGF-β2 increases colocalization and interaction of KCC2 with Rab11b, as determined by 3D stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy and co-immunoprecipitation, respectively, induces CREB phosphorylation, and enhances Rab11b gene expression. Loss of function of either CREB1 or Rab11b suppressed TGF-β2-dependent KCC2 trafficking, surface expression and functionality. Thus, TGF-β2 is a new regulatory factor for KCC2 functional activation and membrane trafficking, and a putative indispensable molecular determinant for the developmental shift of GABAergic transmission.
Gα12 is required for renal cystogenesis induced by Pkd1 inactivation
Authors: Wu Yong , Xu Jen X. , El-Jouni Wassim , Lu Tzongshi , Li Suyan , Wang Qingyi , Tran Mei , Yu Wanfeng , Wu Maoqing , Barrera Ivan E. , Bonventre Joseph V. , Zhou Jing , Denker Bradley M. , Kong Tianqing 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
Mutation of PKD1, encoding the protein polycystin-1 (PC1), is the main cause of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). The signaling pathways downstream of PC1 in ADPKD are still not fully understood. Here, we provide genetic evidence for the necessity of Gα12 (encoded by Gna12, hereafter Gα12) for renal cystogenesis induced by Pkd1 knockout. There was no phenotype in mice with deletion of Gα12 (Gα12−/−). Polyinosine-polycytosine (pI:pC)-induced deletion of Pkd1 (Mx1Cre+Pkd1f/fGα12+/+) in 1-week-old mice resulted in multiple kidney cysts by 9 weeks, but the mice with double knockout of Pkd1 and Gα12 (Mx1Cre+Pkd1f/fGα12−/−) had no structural and functional abnormalities in the kidneys. These mice could survive more than one year without kidney abnormalities except multiple hepatic cysts in some mice, which indicates that the effect of Gα12 on cystogenesis is kidney specific. Furthermore, Pkd1 knockout promoted Gα12 activation, which subsequently decreased cell–matrix and cell–cell adhesion by affecting the function of focal adhesion and E-cadherin, respectively. Our results demonstrate that Gα12 is required for the development of kidney cysts induced by Pkd1 mutation in mouse ADPKD.
Local Ras activation, PTEN pattern, and global actin flow in the chemotactic responses of oversized cells
Authors: Lange Markus , Prassler Jana , Ecke Mary , Müller-Taubenberger Annette , Gerisch Günther 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
Chemotactic responses of eukaryotic cells require a signal processing system that translates an external gradient of attractant into directed motion. To challenge the response system to its limits, we increased the size of Dictyostelium discoideum cells by using electric-pulse-induced fusion. Large cells formed multiple protrusions at different sites along the gradient of chemoattractant, independently turned towards the gradient and competed with each other. Finally, these cells succeeded to re-establish polarity by coordinating front and tail activities. To analyse the responses, we combined two approaches, one aimed at local responses by visualising the dynamics of Ras activation at the front regions of reorientating cells, the other at global changes of polarity by monitoring front-to-tail-directed actin flow. Asymmetric Ras activation in turning protrusions underscores that gradients can be sensed locally and translated into orientation. Different to cells of normal size, the polarity of large cells is not linked to an increasing front-to-tail gradient of the PIP3-phosphatase PTEN. But even in large cells, the front communicates with the tail through an actin flow that might act as carrier of a protrusion inhibitor.
Platform for Training and Growth of Scientific and Pedagogical Personnel Management
Authors: Мустафина  , Mustafina D. 
Published: August 2016

Being a structural division of the university, the Department of Theory of Management provides educational,
methodical, scientific research, training of scientific and pedagogical staff and enhancing their skills. All of
these activities are non-repeatable, intellectually filled, require a high creative activity, and therefore are in
direct dependence on the human factor. The main activity of the department is the need to generate new
ideas and transform them into reality. In the system of organization of this activity includes items such as
the identification, attraction, retention and stimulation of creative workers, creation of all conditions for their
use. In this regard, of paramount importance is the problem of reproduction of scientific potential of the
department. The main source and transmitter of knowledge, new scientific ideas and concepts is creative
team. Therefore, the most important aspect is the creation of conditions for attracting young professionals.
This concern the activities of the department on preparation of scientific and scientific-pedagogical personnel.
Failure, revolution and institutional critique
Authors: Charnley Kim 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
In Revolutionary Time and the Avant-garde (2015), John Roberts argues that a ‘strange, morally tinged discourse of avant-garde failure’ tends to foreclose critical debate about the avant-garde. This article examines Roberts’s point through an investigation of the term ‘institutional critique’. According to Andrea Fraser, the distinctive critical politics of institutional critique are provided by its recognition of the failure pre-ordained by art’s institutional mediation. In order to problematize Fraser’s position, the article will focus on debates that took place in the journal The Fox, published for three issues between 1975 and 1976 by Art & Language, New York. The first use of the term ‘institutional critique’ in print came in this journal, though Art & Language are not conventionally included in the canon of institutional critique. Fraser’s institutional critique was connected to a simplification of the stakes involved in this term that came about through the writings of art critics associated with the journal October. This point is used to pose the problem that concludes the discussion: how might art history reflect upon the part it plays in stabilising the meaning of failure and neutralizing avant-gardes?
Book Reviews
Authors: Hutchinson Mark , Halsall Francis 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
COMMUNAL LUXURY: THE POLITICAL IMAGINARY OF THE PARIS COMMUNE, KRISTIN ROSS (2015) London: Verso, 148 pp., ISBN: 9781781688397, h/bk, £16.99
CARTOGRAPHIES OF THE ABSOLUTE, ALBERTO TOSCANO AND JEFF KINKLE (2015) Winchester: Zero Books, 311 pp., ISBN: 978-1-78099-275-4, p/bk, £15.99
The Media Ecology–Philosophy of Technology disconnect: A matter of perception?
Authors: Ralón Laureano 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
This article conducts a discourse analysis of a selection of in-depth interviews with philosophers of technology housed within Figure/Ground (www.figureground.org), an open-source, para-academic, interdisciplinary collaboration supporting one of the largest repositories of scholarly interviews on the web. By analysing various answers to a set of recurrent questions, the article provides a general sense of how Marshall McLuhan – often identified as one of the forefathers of Media Ecology – is perceived by the neighbouring field of Philosophy of Technology. The underlining hypothesis is that, despite significant cross-disciplinary affinities made evident by a recent philosophical turn in McLuhan studies, the lack of collaborative engagement between both camps, particularly among senior scholars, remains quite significant. As the interviews show, this gap can be attributed, in part, to a matter of (mis)perception on behalf of the philosophers: their reservations stem primarily from McLuhan’s controversial public statements, public persona and idiosyncratic use of language, as well as an outdated (deterministic/substantivist) approach to his oeuvre. Nevertheless, the interviews do not strictly reflect any substantial differences – whether theoretical or methodological – that would justify an ongoing disconnect between both fields.
Cussing the buzz-saw, or, the medium is the morality of Peter-Paul Verbeek
Authors: Grosswiler Paul 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Philosopher of technology Peter-Paul Verbeek adds a new dimension to media ecology by introducing the argument that technologies are inherently moral agents and designing them is a moral enterprise whether or not it is intended to be. Verbeek’s work moves beyond the media as extension theory of media ecology to a media as composite theory in which the human and technological are inseparable. This article compares the moral aspects of media ecology and Verbeek, sketching Verbeek’s philosophy of technology ideas and exploring in detail the elements of Verbeek’s five-step moral media design process in the hope that media ecology consider media design as well as its consumption, in order to, as McLuhan wrote, ‘think things out before we put them out’.
Media Ecology and the Internet of Things
Authors: Irwin Stacey O. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Media ecologists and philosophers of technology are now asking many of the same scholarly questions. Both disciplines examine the human experience through the lens of technology. The Media Ecology perspective is attentive to communicative media experiences that impact humans. Philosophy of Technology (PhilTech) is also concerned with human-technology connection and the nature of social effects. The ideas and methods both disciplines use overlap and provide reified proof that technologies make a difference in practical everyday contexts. Both sets of scholars aim to prove that technology does not lack effect. It is time to formally consider how these two disciplines converge. This reflection aims to formalize and encourage the link between Media Ecology and PhilTech. The Internet of Things (IoT) will serve as an illustrative example for this analysis. The first section introduces PhilTech and the contribution Media Ecology has made in that discipline. The second section defines and explains the IoT. The final section illustrates ways in which Media Ecology can be used as a subgenre of PhilTech.
‘Simulando assim a cópula normal’ – sapphists, tribades, fricatrixes and lesbians: Between biomedical taxonomical categories and identity in Portugal (1895–1930)
Authors: Cleminson Richard , Artaloytia Francisco Molina 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
This co-authored article analyses the work of a number of sexual scientists and legal experts in Portugal at the end of the nineteenth and beginning of the twentieth century with respect to their attempts to classify and investigate female homosexuality in Portugal. Building on work already published by the two authors on the subject of Egas Moniz’s ideas on male homosexuality, this article considers the sexological discourse on lesbians and their presence in Portuguese society in the first half of the twentieth century through a close textual analysis of the work of Moniz and that of other authors. The differences and similarities between Portuguese specia lists’ work and their European counterparts form a key aspect of this work. In this way, a contribution is made to the history of sexuality in Portugal and the framing of Portuguese discourses on lesbianism within broader European expert fields.
‘In the old days, there were no gays’ – democracy, social change and media representation of sexual diversity
Authors: Santos Ana Cristina 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The notion of ‘gay’ has been interpreted by popular culture in Portugal to stem from a liberalization of individual practices and beliefs in the realm of sexual culture in general. As such, sexual orientation is commonly conflated with a cultural trend linked to modernity, in opposition to recognizing it as a constitutive element of sexual citizenship and the related set of rights it entails. This often unnoticed conflation obliterates significant socio-historical changes and the role played by an array of institutions and agents that contributed to those changes. In this article, the political and social history of homosexuality throughout the twentieth century will be the departure point to examine issues of impact and change in relation to the cultural representation of lesbians and gay men in the public sphere. Media reports of LGBT events throughout the 1990s and early 2000s will be considered a key indicator of cultural representation of sexual diversity. From criminalization to same-sex marriage, the article critically interrogates the extent to which formal change has translated into more inclusive notions of sexual justice regardless of sexual orientation.
Evaluation of antimycobacterial rhamnolipid production from non-cytotoxic strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from rhizospheric soil of medicinal plants
Authors: Mishra Alok K , Dubey Rikesh K , Yabaji Shivraj M , Jaiswal Swati 
Published: August 2016

Rhamnolipids (RLs) are the bacterial derived biosurfactants and known for a wide range of industrial and therapeutic applications. They exhibit potent anti-bacterial activity against various gram positive, gram negative and acid fast bacteria including Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Since, Pseudomonas is one of the largest known genuses containing a variety of rhamnolipid producing strains. Therefore, in this study, we selectively isolated the Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains from the rhizospheric soil of the Indian plants of medicinal value, e.g. Azadirachta Indica and Ficus spp., and evaluated them for their natural ability to produce antibacterial rhamnolipids. The bacteria were identified on the basis of 16s rRNA sequencing and biochemical characterization. Among 33 of P. aeruginosa isolates from different soil samples, four isolates showed potent inhibitory activity against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and fast grower mycobacterial spp. The inhibitory potential of the isolates was found to be correlated with their ability to produce RLs in the medium. The industrial viability of the strains was assessed on the basis of cytotoxicity determining alternative allele, exoS/exoU and cell mediated cytotoxicity against murine macrophages J774.1. The newly isolated strains harbor exoS allele and exhibits lower cell mediated cytotoxicity on macrophage cell line as compared to the clinical strains PA-BAA-427 and PA-27853 used as a control in this study.Evaluation of antimycobacterial rhamnolipid production from non-cytotoxic strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from rhizospheric soil of medicinal plants