bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How abnormal is binge eating? 18‐Year time trends in population prevalence and burden
Authors: Mitchison D. , Touyz S. , González‐Chica D. A. , Stocks N. , Hay P. 
Published: April 2017

ObjectiveAlthough findings suggest that binge eating is becoming increasingly normative, the ‘clinical significance’ of this behaviour at a population level remains uncertain. We aimed to assess the time trends in binge‐eating prevalence and burden over 18 years.MethodSix cross‐sectional face‐to‐face surveys of the Australian adult population were conducted in 1998, 2005, 2008, 2009, 2014, and 2015 (Ntotal = 15 126). Data were collected on demographics, 3‐month prevalence of objective binge eating (OBE), health‐related quality of life, days out of role, and distress related to OBE.ResultsThe prevalence of OBE increased six‐fold from 1998 (2.7%) to 2015 (13.0%). Health‐related quality of life associated with OBE improved from 1998 to 2015, where it more closely approximated population norms. Days out of role remained higher among participants who reported OBE, although decreased over time. Half of participants who reported weekly (56.6%) and twice‐weekly (47.1%) OBE reported that they were not distressed by this behaviour. However, the presence of distress related to OBE in 2015 was associated with greater health‐related quality‐of‐life impairment.ConclusionAs the prevalence of binge eating increases over time, associated disability has been decreasing. Implications for the diagnosis of disorders associated with binge eating are discussed.
Attributes of the complete dental record: a Delphi approach to standards
Authors: Amos KJ , Cockrell DJ , Palermo C , Rosehill S , Bearman M 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundAdherence to the Dental Board of Australia Guidelines on dental records is not universal and remediation of deficient practise requires clarity in the practical application of standards. The aim of this research is to clarify practical requirements of dental record keeping in New South Wales.MethodsSeventeen experts were invited to participate in an electronically administered series of Delphi questionnaires. Concepts were refined until consensus was reached.ResultsTwo rounds were required to achieve a satisfactory level of consensus (>80%). A high level of consensus was obtained across the two rounds, with 72% and 86% agreement on propositions in the first and second rounds, respectively. Consensus criteria were established in 14 domains to establish attributes of the complete dental record (ACDR).ConclusionsThe ACDR may supplement existing national guidelines and are likely to be useful in a remediation context in which clear, unambiguous expectations for conduct are paramount.
Total thyroidectomy for pressure symptoms in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis
Authors: Heggie Katrina , Yeung Meei , Grodski Simon , Lee James , Serpell Jonathan 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundHashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is rarely on its own the indication for thyroidectomy. However, surgery in patients with HT will be undertaken when there is malignancy and may be required for pressure symptoms. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the indications for surgery in HT patients.MethodsThe Monash University Endocrine Surgery Database was analysed from 1994 to 2013 for patients with HT. Patients with HT were compared to a similar group of patients with no HT on histopathology. Patient demographics, indication for surgery, histopathology, gland weight and complications were analysed.ResultsA total of 2346 patients underwent total thyroidectomy during the study period. The median age was 55 years. Eleven percent of patients had HT on final pathology (259/2346). HT patients reported more pressure symptoms, 25.5% compared to those with other pathology, 18.9% (P = 0.01). Patients with pressure symptoms had heavier glands, 113 g compared to 85 g in those with other indications for surgery (P = 0.048). Within the HT cohort, the median gland weight was 66 g compared to 93 g in those without HT (P < 0.01). On multivariate analysis, pressure symptoms as an indication for surgery was associated with HT (P < 0.01), but age, gender and gland weight were not associated. In patients operated for pressure with HT as the only pathology, 90% had relief of pressure symptoms.ConclusionPatients with HT were more likely to have pressure symptoms as an indication for surgery independent of gland weights.
Associating Liver Partition and Portal vein ligation for Staged hepatectomy after pre‐operative chemotherapy
Authors: Vondran Florian W. R. , Oldhafer Felix , Ringe Kristina I. , Wirth Thomas C. , Kleine Moritz , Jäger Mark D. , Klempnauer Juergen , Bektas Hueseyin 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundRecently a procedure termed ‘Associating Liver Partition and Portal vein ligation for Staged hepatectomy’ (ALPPS) was developed to increase the resectability of marginally resectable or locally unresectable liver tumours. This study focused on the application of ALPPS in patients with advanced colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) and pre‐operative chemotherapy, with the aim to investigate whether the latter still allows for sufficient hypertrophy of the future liver remnant (FLR) following the first step of ALPPS.MethodsRetrospective analysis was performed on six patients suffering from advanced CRLM. Analyses comprised demographical and basic clinical data, the perioperative courses as well as short‐ and long‐term outcomes.ResultsAll patients presented with bilobular CRLM and pre‐operative chemotherapy of at least 6 months. Extended right hemihepatectomy was performed in all cases, four patients additionally received atypical resections in segments II/III. Mean FLR prior to step 1 of ALPPS was 397.9 cm3 (121–753 cm3), on average representing 20.9% of the total liver volume (13.2–27.1%). A mean hypertrophy of the FLR of 67.9% (32.5–94.1%) was achieved. Overall, severe morbidity (Dindo Clavien >3a) occurred in two patients. Following completion of ALPPS, mean post‐operative disease‐free survival was 5.7 months (2.6–8.9 months).ConclusionDespite pre‐operative chemotherapy, ALPPS seems to result in adequate liver hypertrophy, preventing post‐operative small‐for‐size syndrome. However, there might be a high risk of tumour recurrence in patients with an aggressive tumour biology.
Microenvironmental characteristics and physiology of biofilms in chronic infections of CF patients are strongly affected by the host immune response
Authors: Jensen Peter Ø. , Kolpen Mette , Kragh Kasper N. , Kühl Michael 
Published: April 2017

In vitro studies of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other pathogenic bacteria in biofilm aggregates have yielded detailed insight into their potential growth modes and metabolic flexibility under exposure to gradients of substrate and electron acceptor. However, the growth pattern of P. aeruginosa in chronic lung infections of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients is very different from what is observed in vitro, for example, in biofilms grown in flow chambers. Dense in vitro biofilms of P. aeruginosa exhibit rapid O2 depletion within <50–100 μm due to their own aerobic metabolism. In contrast, in vivo investigations show that P. aeruginosa persists in the chronically infected CF lung as relatively small cell aggregates that are surrounded by numerous PMNs, where the activity of PMNs is the major cause of O2 depletion rendering the P. aeruginosa aggregates anoxic. High levels of nitrate and nitrite enable P. aeruginosa to persist fueled by denitrification in the PMN‐surrounded biofilm aggregates. This configuration creates a potentially long‐term stable ecological niche for P. aeruginosa in the CF lung, which is largely governed by slow growth and anaerobic metabolism and enables persistence and resilience of this pathogen even under the recurring aggressive antimicrobial treatments of CF patients. As similar slow growth of other CF pathogens has recently been observed in endobronchial secretions, there is now a clear need for better in vitro models that simulate such in vivo growth patterns and anoxic microenvironments in order to help unravel the efficiency of existing or new antimicrobials targeting anaerobic metabolism in P. aeruginosa and other CF pathogens. We also advocate that host immune responses such as PMN‐driven O2 depletion play a central role in the formation of anoxic microniches governing bacterial persistence in other chronic infections such as chronic wounds.
In vitro studies evaluating the effects of biofilms on wound‐healing cells: a review
Authors: Kirker Kelly R. , James Garth A. 
Published: April 2017

Chronic wounds are characterized as wounds that have failed to proceed through the well‐orchestrated healing process and have remained open for months to years. Open wounds are at risk for colonization by opportunistic pathogens. Bacteria that colonize the open wound bed form surface‐attached, multicellular communities called biofilms, and chronic wound biofilms can contain a diverse microbiota. Investigators are just beginning to elucidate the role of biofilms in chronic wound pathogenesis, and have simplified the complex wound environment using in vitro models to obtain a fundamental understanding of the impact of biofilms on wound‐healing cell types. The intent of this review is to describe current in vitro methodologies and their results. Investigations started with one host cell‐type and single species biofilms and demonstrated that biofilms, or their secretions, had deleterious effects on wound‐healing cells. More complex systems involved the use of multiple host cell/tissue types and single species biofilms. Using human skin‐equivalent tissues, investigators demonstrated that a number of different species can grow on the tissue and elicit an inflammatory response from the tissue. A full understanding of how biofilms impact wound‐healing cells and host tissues will have a profound effect on how chronic wounds are treated.
A short history of microbial biofilms and biofilm infections
Authors: Høiby Niels 
Published: April 2017

The observation of aggregated microbes surrounded by a self‐produced matrix adhering to surfaces or located in tissues or secretions is old since both Leeuwenhoek and Pasteur have described the phenomenon. In environmental and technical microbiology, biofilms, 80–90 years ago, were already shown to be important for biofouling on submerged surfaces, for example, ships. The concept of biofilm infections and their importance in medicine was, however, initiated in the early 1970s by the observation of heaps of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells in sputum and lung tissue from chronically infected cystic fibrosis patients. The term biofilm was introduced into medicine in 1985 by J. W. Costerton. During the following decades, the number of published biofilm articles and methods for studying biofilms increased rapidly and it was shown that adhering and nonadhering biofilm infections are widespread in medicine. The medical importance of biofilm infections is now generally accepted and guidelines for prophylaxis, diagnosis, and treatment have been published.
Diagnosis of biofilm infections in cystic fibrosis patients
Authors: Høiby Niels , Bjarnsholt Thomas , Moser Claus , Jensen Peter Østrup , Kolpen Mette , Qvist Tavs , Aanæs Kasper , Pressler Tanja , Skov Marianne , Ciofu Oana 
Published: April 2017

Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm lung infection in cystic fibrosis patients is the best described biofilm infection in medicine. The initial focus can be the paranasal sinuses and then follows repeated colonization and infection of the lungs by aspiration. The matrix of the biofilms is dominated by alginate and the pathogenesis of tissue damage is immune complex‐mediated chronic inflammation dominated by polymorphonuclear leukocytes and their products (DNA, oxygen radicals and proteases). The P. aeruginosa biofilm infection can be diagnosed by microscopy of lung tissue, sputum and mucus from the paranasal sinuses, where aggregates of the bacteria are found surrounded by the abundant alginate matrix. Specific PNA‐FISH probes can be used to identify P. aeruginosa and other pathogens in situ in the biofilms. Growth of mucoid colonies from the locations mentioned above is also diagnostic for biofilm infection. Rise of specific anti‐P. aeruginosa antibodies is likewise diagnostic, IgG in serum in case of lung infection, sIgA in saliva or nasal secretions in case of paranasal sinus infection. Similar approaches have been developed to diagnose chronic biofilm infections in cystic fibrosis caused by other pathogens e.g., Stenotrophomonas, Burkholderia multivorans, Achromobacter xylosoxidans and Mycobacterium abscessus complex.
Platelets: much more than bricks in a breached wall
Authors: Mancuso Maria Elisa , Santagostino Elena 
Published: April 2017

SummaryPlatelets have various roles in vascular biology and homeostasis. They are the first actor in primary haemostasis and play important roles in thrombosis pathogenesis, but they are also part of innate immunity, which initiates and accelerate many inflammatory conditions. In some contexts, their immune functions are protective, while in others they contribute to adverse inflammatory outcomes. Platelets express numerous receptors and contain hundreds of secretory molecules that are crucial for platelet functional responses. The capacity of platelets to produce and secrete cytokines, chemokines and related molecules, under the control of specific intracellular pathways, is intimately related to their key role in inflammation. They are also able to intervene in tissue regeneration and repair because they produce pro‐angiogenic mediators. Due to this characteristic platelets are involved in cancer progression and spreading. In this review we discuss the complex role of platelets, which bridges haemostasis, inflammation and immune response both in physiological and pathological conditions.
Long‐term outcomes, secondary malignancies and stem cell collection following bendamustine in patients with previously treated non‐Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Martin Peter , Chen Zhengming , Cheson Bruce D. , Robinson Katherine S. , Williams Michael , Rajguru Saurabh A. , Friedberg Jonathan W. , van der Jagt Richard H. , LaCasce Ann S. , Joyce Robin , Ganjoo Kristen N. , Bartlett Nancy L. , Lemieux Bernard , VanderWalde Ari , Herst Jordan , Szer Jeffrey , Bar Michael H. , Cabanillas Fernando , Dodds Anthony J. , Montgomery Paul G. , Pressnail Bryn , Ellis Tricia , Smith Mitchell R. , Leonard John P. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryDespite the long history of bendamustine as treatment for indolent non‐Hodgkin lymphoma, long‐term efficacy and toxicity data are minimal. We reviewed long‐term data from three clinical trials to characterize the toxicity and efficacy of patients receiving bendamustine. Data were available for 149 subjects at 21 sites. The median age was 60 years at the start of bendamustine (range 39–84), and patients had received a median of 3 prior therapies. The histologies included grades 1–2 follicular lymphoma (FL; n = 73), grade 3 FL (n = 23), small lymphocytic lymphoma (n = 20), marginal zone lymphoma (n = 15), mantle cell lymphoma (n = 9), transformed lymphomas (n = 5), lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (n = 2) and not reported (n = 2). The median event‐free survival was 14·1 months. Nine of 12 attempted stem cell collections were successful. With a median follow‐up of 8·9 years, 23 patients developed 25 cancers, including 8 patients with myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myeloid leukaemia. These data provide important information regarding the long‐term toxicity of bendamustine in previously treated patients. A small but meaningful number of patients achieved durable remissions following bendamustine. These rigorously collected, patient‐level, long‐term follow‐up data provide reassurance that bendamustine or bendamustine plus rituximab is associated with efficacy and safety for patients with relapsed or refractory indolent non‐Hodgkin lymphoma.
Psychopathology and social functioning of 42 subjects from a Danish ultra high‐risk cohort
Authors: Madsen Helle Karkov , Nordholm Dorte , Krakauer Kristine , Randers Lasse , Nordentoft Merete 
Published: April 2017

AimTo make a thorough characterization of the co‐morbidity, psychopathology and demographics in the first Danish ultra high‐risk (UHR) sample.MethodForty‐two UHR subjects went through comprehensive interviews assessing their psychopathology, psychiatric disorders, substance use and family history of psychiatric disorders.ResultsAll UHR subjects met the criteria of at least 1 axis I diagnosis in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM‐IV) and met on average four diagnoses (both axis I and II), mostly within the areas of depression, anxiety and substance abuse. A total of 48% had schizotypal personality disorder and 19% had borderline personality disorder. Level of functioning was low with a mean score on the Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale corresponding to “major impairment in several areas,” and mean scores in the Global Functioning: Social and Role scales between “moderate impairment in social functioning” and “very serious impairment independently.” Forty‐seven percent were unemployed and 29% on sick leave. Fifty‐five percent relied financially on public support.ConclusionAs seen in previous UHR populations, Danish UHR subjects had low function socio‐economically and met criteria of several psychiatric diagnoses, suggesting that they require pharmacological and non‐pharmacological psychiatric treatment as well as vocational and educational guidance and support.
Effect of hepatitis B virus subgenotype on antiviral response in nucleoside‐treated hepatitis B envelope antigen‐positive patients
Authors: Shen Sheng , Liang Xieer , Hamed Kamal , Tanaka Yasuhito , Omagari Katsumi , Fan Rong , Xie Qing , Tan Deming , Zhou Bin , Jia Ji‐Dong , Hou Jinlin , Sun Jian 
Published: April 2017

AimPrevious studies have reported that hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype is not a predictor of treatment response with nucleos(t)ide analog therapy. However, the impact of subgenotype on treatment response is unknown. The aim of this study is to identify the effect of HBV subgenotype on treatment response.MethodsIn this retrospective study, the derivation dataset comprised patients from the EFFORT study (NCT00962533) telbivudine monotherapy group; patients infected with genotypes B or C from the GLOBE (NCT00057265) and 015 (NCT00131742) studies formed the validation dataset. The HBV subgenotypes were determined using phylogenetic analysis based on the surface or overlapping polymerase gene. Molecular modeling was used to investigate relationships between positions of the substitutions within reverse transcriptase and genotypic resistance.ResultsOf the patients in the derivation dataset, 110, 24, 162, and 1 patients were classified as having HBV subgenotypes B2, C1, C2, or other, respectively, compared to 222, 146, 282, and 51 in the validation dataset, respectively. Patients infected with subgenotype C1 showed a higher virologic response rate and hepatitis B envelope antigen seroconversion rate, and lower genotypic resistance rate than those infected with subgenotypes B2 and C2. Patients with genotypic resistance to telbivudine with subgenotype C1 showed fewer secondary mutations. The crystal structure model of reverse transcriptase showed that these secondary mutations were located around the YMDD motif, which possibly influenced the chance of mutations at rtM204.ConclusionHepatitis B virus subgenotype C1 is associated with better antiviral response to nucleoside analogs in hepatitis B envelope antigen‐positive patients than B2 and C2 subgenotypes. The exact mechanism needs to be explored further.
The Managerial Turn: The Transformation of Spanish Migration Control Policies since the Onset of the Economic Crisis
Authors: BRANDARIZ‐GARCÍA JOSÉ A. , FERNÁNDEZ‐BESSA CRISTINA 
Published: April 2017

AbstractOver the first decade of this century, Spain was a primary destination of international migrants. Successive Spanish governments have addressed this phenomenon by implementing a number of control measures, largely aimed at securing external and internal borders. However, the persistence of the economic crisis has led to the readjustment of the whole system of migration control. This article intends to shed light on the underlying rationales of the current transformation of Spanish policies within this field. It will scrutinise the implications of the managerial turn in the Spanish apparatus of deportation and conclude by outlining a range of legal reforms grounded in a human rights perspective.
Insights into the ecology, genetics and distribution of Lucanus elaphus Fabricius (Coleoptera: Lucanidae), North America's giant stag beetle
Authors: Ulyshen Michael D. , Zachos Louis G. , Stireman John O. , Sheehan Thomas N. , Garrick Ryan C. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Little is known about the biology or conservation status of Lucanus elaphus Fabricius in North America despite well‐documented declines of a related species, Lucanus cervus (L.), in Europe. This study provides information critical to developing conservation plans for L. elaphus including the species’ larval substrate requirements, genetic data and range‐wide estimates of habitat suitability.

In Mississippi floodplain forests, larval L. elaphus were recovered from a wide range of log sizes and rot types and were either found tunnelling within the wood or feeding beneath logs at the soil–wood interface. The species appears to require 1–2 years to complete development, exhibits a 1:1 sex ratio and is parasitised by Zelia vertebrata (Say) (Diptera: Tachinidae).

Flight intercept traps placed at three heights at both the edge and interior of hardwood‐dominated forests in Georgia yielded six adult male L. elaphus, all of which were captured in traps placed at 15 m on the forest edge.

Because L. elaphus larvae are morphologically indistinguishable from related species, DNA sequence data from the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene were generated to facilitate molecular identification. Genetic data revealed modest intra‐specific variation, with up to 1.3% sequence divergence among haplotypes sampled from the same forest.

Based on assembled occurrence records, ecological niche models suggest that environmental conditions are suitable for L. elaphus across much of the southeastern United States, provided that adequate lowland forest cover and dead wood substrates are available.