bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fatigue Failure of Steam Turbine Disks—A Centenary Tribute to Wilfred Campbell
Authors: Gowreesan Vamadevan , Grebinnyk Kirill , Ramamoorthy Mahesh Pemmasani 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The year 2024 marks one hundred years since Wilfred Campbell published his landmark work on vibrational analysis of rotating disk following a series of disk failures in steam turbines. Despite the absence of advanced engineering analytical tools, Campbell came up with an elegant method to visually demonstrate and capture the mode shapes in rotating disks. The first part of this paper reviews Campbell's life and analytical and experimental work in this area. Regardless of the current advanced engineering capabilities to predict nodal shapes in turbine disks, turbine disks still experience failures related to vibration. The second part of the paper discusses a recent case study where a turbine disk failure occurred as a result of vibration. The discussion includes metallurgical root cause failure analysis and engineering analysis to predict the vibrational characteristics. Metallurgical failure analysis confirmed that the primary mode of failure was fatigue and did not have any issues with the disk material or its mechanical properties. Finite element modeling and analysis were used for the engineering analysis to predict the natural frequencies of the bladed-disk. The engineering analysis showed the evidence of potential resonance, and the failure was related to nodal vibration issues.
Complete genome sequence of
Serratia marcescens
D1_6, isolated from peat soil
Authors: Isaac Priscilla , Mutusamy Prasanna , Yin Lee Su , Jing Wei Yap , Mohd Salleh Faezah , bin Abu Bakar Muhammad Abdul Latiff , Parimannan Sivachandran , Rajandas Heera 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

We present a complete genome of
Serratia marcescens
D1_6 isolated from peat swamp forest. The complete genome for the isolate D1_6 was constructed using data from Oxford Nanopore Technologies and Illumina. The genome of D1_6 has a total length of 4,996,151 bp, comprising a chromosome and a plasmid.
Complete genome sequence of
Vibrio fischeri
strain H905, a planktonic isolate among squid symbiotic congeners
Authors: Calawa Jennifer , Foxall Randi , Pankey Sabrina , Sebra Robert , Whistler Cheryl A. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Here we describe the genome sequence of
Vibrio
(
Aliivibrio
)
fischeri
H905, a non-symbiotic isolate from Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii. Despite its close phylogenetic relationship to squid symbiont strains, H905 is not adept at colonization. Its genome serves as a valuable comparator, illustrating the complex evolutionary dynamics within
V. fischeri
clades.
Transverse faulting in the Paradox Basin, Colorado Plateau, USA: Active, intermittent faulting over a 300 million year history of strain accommodation and fluid flow
Authors: Davis George H. , Reeher Lauren Jane 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The Paradox Basin (Colorado Plateau, USA) is dominated by major, first-order northwest-trending structures commonly 40 km or more in trace length, including (1) regional salt wall corridors related to passive diapirism during Pennsylvanian to Jurassic time, (2) gentle upright folds produced by Laramide shortening during the Late Cretaceous through early Cenozoic, (3) late Laramide normal faults, and (4) normal faults representing Neogene salt dissolution collapse. Less obvious at a regional scale are the fault zones aligned perpendicular (northeast-trending) to the dominant structural grain. There are 16 such faults zones, marked by short trace lengths (3–12 km), small offsets (10–100 m), and predominantly extensional kinematics. Based on published geological maps, field observations of fault zone properties (including fluid flow indicators), and kinematic analysis, we interpret these structures as transverse accommodation faults. Co-spatial structural associations reveal the transverse fault zones were active intermittently, likely as a means of minimizing along-strike strain incompatibility that accrued along the first-order structures as they evolved during late Paleozoic to Late Jurassic halokinesis, (mild) Late Cretaceous to Eocene folding, late Laramide normal faulting, and Neogene to recent collapse faulting. Locally, transverse faulting was influenced by reactivation of northeast-striking faults that offset sub-salt formations, including basement. Active, intermittent transverse faulting over the past ~300 m.y. is consistent with the synthesis of published interpretations and age determinations focusing on the timing of diverse fluids that exploited the permeability of the transverse fault zones. The Paradox Basin, with its enormous subsurface salt volume and enduring fluid flow, has been an ideal dynamic environment for producing intermittently active transverse accommodation faulting.
Supplemental Material: Alkali-carbonate melts in the cratonic mantle evidenced by a wehrlite xenolith from the Majuagaa kimberlite, West Greenland
Authors: Kiseeva Ekaterina S. , al. et 
Published: September 2024

<p>Description of the Rb-Sr and Sm-Nd isotopic analyses and results, Table S1, Figures S1–S6, and additional references. </p>
Multiancestry transferability of a polygenic risk score for diverticulitis
Authors: Ueland Thomas E , Mosley Jonathan D , Neylan Christopher , Shelley John P , Robinson Jamie , Gamazon Eric R , Maguire Lillias , Peek Richard , Hawkins Alexander T 
Published: September 2024

ObjectivePolygenic risk scores (PRS) for diverticular disease must be evaluated in diverse cohorts. We sought to explore shared genetic predisposition across the phenome and to assess risk stratification in individuals genetically similar to European, African and Admixed-American reference samples.MethodsA 44-variant PRS was applied to theAll of UsResearch Program. Phenome-wide association studies (PheWAS) identified conditions linked with heightened genetic susceptibility to diverticular disease. To evaluate the PRS in risk stratification, logistic regression models for symptomatic and for severe diverticulitis were compared with base models with covariates of age, sex, body mass index, smoking and principal components. Performance was assessed using area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROC) and Nagelkerke’s R2.ResultsThe cohort comprised 181 719 individuals for PheWAS and 50 037 for risk modelling. PheWAS identified associations with diverticular disease, connective tissue disease and hernias. Across ancestry groups, one SD PRS increase was consistently associated with greater odds of severe (range of ORs (95% CI) 1.60 (1.27 to 2.02) to 1.86 (1.42 to 2.42)) and of symptomatic diverticulitis ((95% CI) 1.27 (1.10 to 1.46) to 1.66 (1.55 to 1.79)) relative to controls. European models achieved the highest AUROC and Nagelkerke’s R2(AUROC (95% CI) 0.78 (0.75 to 0.81); R20.25). The PRS provided a maximum R2increase of 0.034 and modest AUROC improvement.ConclusionAssociations between a diverticular disease PRS and severe presentations persisted in diverse cohorts when controlling for known risk factors. Relative improvements in model performance were observed, but absolute change magnitudes were modest.
Multicentre investigation on the effect of decompressive surgery on Balance and physical ActiviTy Levels amongst patients with lumbar Spinal stenosis (B-ATLAS): protocol for a prospective cohort study
Authors: Zielinski Oliver Bremerskov , Hallager Dennis Winge , Jensen Kasper Yde , Carreon Leah , Andersen Mikkel Østerheden , Diederichsen Louise Pyndt , Bech Rune Dueholm 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionPatients with lumbar spinal stenosis may have poor balance, decreased physical function and problems maintaining physical activity levels due to radiculopathy. Decompressive surgery is often indicated if conservative management fails to achieve a satisfactory clinical outcome. While surgical management has proven effective at treating radiculopathy, and patients report increased physical function postoperatively, objective measures of postural control and physical activity remain sparse. This study aims to investigate the effects of decompressive surgery on postural control and activity levels of elderly patients with lumbar spinal stenosis using objective measurements.Methods and analysisThis is a 24-month, multicentre, prospective cohort study. Patients ≥65 years of age with MRI-verified symptomatic lumbar central canal stenosis will be recruited from two separate inclusion centres, and all participants will undergo decompressive surgery. Preoperative data are collected up to 3 months before surgery, with follow-up data collected at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months postoperatively. Postural control measurements are performed using the Wii Balance Board, mini Balance Evaluation Systems Test and Tandem test, and data concerning physical activity levels are collected using ActiGraph wGT3X-BT accelerometers. Patient-reported outcomes regarding quality-of-life and physical function are collected from the EuroQol-5D, 36-Item Short Form Health Survey and Zurich Claudication Questionnaire. Primary outcomes are the change in the sway area of centre of pressure and total activity counts per day from baseline to follow-up at 24 months. A sample size of 80 participants has been calculated.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the Regional Ethics Committee of Region Zealand (ID EMN-2022-08110) and the Danish Data Protection Agency (ID REG-100-2022). Written informed consent will be required from all participants before enrolment. All results from the study, whether positive, negative or inconclusive, will be published in international peer-reviewed journals and presented at national and international scientific meetings. Study findings will be further disseminated through national patient associations.Trial registration numbersNCT06075862andNCT06057428.
Social, economic and food insecurity among people living with HIV in Kenya during coinciding public health and environmental emergencies: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Lyons Carrie , Ching Jennifer , Tran Dan N , Kafu Catherine , Wachira Juddy , Koros Hillary , Venkataramani Maya , Said Jamil , Pastakia Sonak D , Galárraga Omar , Genberg Becky 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionDuring the COVID-19 response, Kenya experienced widespread regional floods, resulting in the displacement of communities and agricultural loss. This study aimed to characterise food insecurity and other social and economic impacts of these emergencies on people living with HIV and to investigate whether and how existing microfinance activities in place before the events influenced social and economic instability.MethodsWe used sequential explanatory mixed methods guided by a conceptual model. Interviewer-administered surveys (n=200) and follow-up in-depth interviews (n=40) were conducted by phone with people living with HIV in Busia and Trans Nzoia counties between October and December 2020. Socioeconomic factors (microfinance participation, income and social support) and food insecurity were examined with Poisson regression using survey data. Qualitative data were analysed using content analysis to contextualise quantitative findings.ResultsAmong 200 participants, 59.0% were female, median age was 45 years and 73.0% reported being severely food insecure. Microfinance participation was not associated with severe food insecurity (adjusted prevalence ratio, aPR 0.98; 95% CI 0.82, 1.18), but income loss (aPR 1.94; 95% CI 1.13, 3.30; p=0.015) and loss of social support (aPR 1.48; 95% CI 1.18, 1.84; p=0.001) were associated with severe food insecurity. Three main themes emerged: compounding effects of COVID-19 and flooding on food and economic insecurity are early indicators of upstream barriers to HIV treatment; microfinance groups may not have mitigated socioeconomic consequences of COVID-19 and flooding because of unexpected income loss and limits on gathering and displacement; and social support bolsters mental health and medication adherence among microfinance members despite lack of in-person activities.ConclusionsIn the context of coinciding public health and environmental emergencies, people living with HIV in Kenya experienced widespread food insecurity. Programmatic efforts to support HIV treatment disbursement, coverage and adherence alone are not sufficient during an economic crisis affecting food insecurity. Integrating antiretroviral therapy (ART) dispensing efforts alongside interventions to support food security for people living with HIV could improve ART adherence and reduce mortality during widespread emergencies.
‘The National Health Insurance scheme would be good and beneficial but I don’t trust the system …’: a cross-sectional mixed-methods study assessing the awareness and perceptions towards Uganda’s proposed National Health Insurance scheme among informal sector workers in Iganga and Mayuge districts, Uganda
Authors: Namuhani Noel , Kisakye Angela N , Kiwanuka Suzanne 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundMost low-income countries have prioritised implementing national health insurance schemes (NHIs) as a solution to reducing the high out-of-pocket expenditures on health and enhancing access to healthcare, especially among informal sector workers. However, their perceptions remain unexplored in Uganda. This study aimed to assess the awareness and perceptions of the informal sector workers towards the proposed NHIs in Iganga and Mayuge districts, Uganda.MethodologyA cross-sectional mixed-methods study was conducted in the Iganga and Mayuge districts of eastern Uganda between April and May 2019. Informal sector workers were randomly selected to participate in the study. Six key informant interviews with health workers and seven focus group discussions with informal sector workers were also conducted. Quantitative data was analysed using STATA V.14. Qualitative data was analysed using a thematic analysis approach.ResultsA total of 853 respondents participated in the survey: 327/853 (38.3%) were peasant farmers, 248/853 (29.1%) were fishermen, 146/853 (17.1%) were business people and 132/853 (15.5%) were commercial cyclists. Very few, 14/853 (1.6%), were considered knowledgeable about health insurance. The majority 743/853 (87.1%) of the respondents believed that the proposed scheme was beneficial, with a few reservations about lack of trust. Qualitatively, most participants had never heard about health insurance. Most community and health workers welcomed the idea of introducing NHIs in Uganda, although many indicated their lack of trust in the system to deliver a beneficial scheme.ConclusionThere was a high level of support for the proposed National Health Insurance scheme since many believed it would be beneficial. However, there was low awareness and a lack of trust in the system to successfully implement a beneficial scheme due to corruption. There is a need for intensive sensitisation campaigns to raise awareness and boost confidence and trust.
Identifying climatic drivers of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) seasonality in Antananarivo, Madagascar, 2011–2021: a sentinel surveillance study
Authors: Randriambolamanantsoa Tsiry Hasina , Razanajatovo Norosoa Harline , Ranaivoson Hafaliana Christian , Randrianasolo Laurence , Rabarison Hasina Joelinotahiana , Razafimanjato Helisoa , Ratsimbazafy Arvé , Rakoto Danielle Aurore Doll , Heraud Jean-Michel , Lacoste Vincent , Brook Cara E 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a primary source of acute lower respiratory tract infection, the leading cause of death in children under 5. Over 99% of RSV-attributed deaths occur in low-income countries, including Madagascar. RSV transmission is linked to climate, driving highly seasonal dynamics.MethodsWe used generalised additive models (GAMs) to identify correlates of reported RSV infections in Antananarivo, Madagascar, from January 2011 to December 2021, then fit catalytic models to cumulative age-structured incidence to estimate age-specific force of infection (FOI). We fit a time-series susceptible-infected-recovered (TSIR) model to the dataset to estimate weekly RSV transmission, then evaluated associations with precipitation, humidity and temperature using generalised linear models. We used GAMs to quantify interannual trends in climate and assess whether significant deviations in RSV burden occurred in years representing climatic anomalies.ResultsReported RSV infections in Antananarivo were significantly associated with patients aged ≤2 years. Highest FOI was estimated in patients aged ≤1 year, with transmission declining to near-zero by age 5 before rising in older (60+) cohorts. TSIR models estimated a January to February peak in RSV transmission, which was strongly positively associated with precipitation and more weakly with temperature but negatively related to relative humidity. Precipitation, humidity and temperature all increased across the study period in Antananarivo, while reported RSV infections remained stable. Significant deviations in RSV burden were not associated with clear climate anomalies.ConclusionsStable rates of reported RSV infections in Antananarivo across the past decade may reflect contrasting impacts of elevated precipitation and increased humidity on transmission. If future climate changes yield more rapidly accelerating precipitation than humidity, this could accelerate RSV burden. Introduction of recently developed public health interventions to combat RSV in low-income settings like Madagascar is essential to mitigating disease burden, in particular to combat any future climate-driven increases in transmission or severity.
Laparoscopic treatment of early-stage endometrial cancer: benefits of sentinel lymph node mapping and impact on lower extremity lymphedema
Authors: Casarin Jvan , Schivardi Gabriella , Artuso Valeria , Giudici Anna , Meschini Tommaso , De Vitis Luigi , Granato Vincenzo , Lembo Antonio , Cromi Antonella , Mariani Andrea , Bogani Giorgio , Multinu Francesco , Ghezzi Fabio 
Published: September 2024

Objective
To evaluate the lymphatic-specific morbidity (specifically, lower extremity lymphedema) associated with laparoscopic management of early-stage endometrial cancer using the sentinel lymph node (SLN) algorithm by type of actual nodal assessment.

Methods
An ambispective study was conducted on consecutive patients surgically treated for apparent early-stage endometrial cancer who underwent laparoscopic staging according to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network SLN algorithm at a single institution from January 2020 to August 2023. Data on patient characteristics, surgical details, and post-operative complications were collected. Lymphedema screening was performed using a validated questionnaire.

Results
A total of 239 patients were analyzed, with a questionnaire response rate of 85.4%. The study population was grouped based on actual surgical staging: hysterectomy+SLN (54.8%), hysterectomy+systematic pelvic lymphadenectomy (27.2%), and hysterectomy only (18%). The prevalence of lymphedema was significantly lower in the hysterectomy+SLN group compared with the hysterectomy+systematic pelvic lymphadenectomy group (21.4% vs 44.6%, p=0.003). Multivariable analysis showed a threefold increase in the risk of lymphedema for the hysterectomy+systematic pelvic lymphadenectomy group compared with the hysterectomy+SLN group: OR 3.11 (95% CI 1.47 to 6.58). No significant associations were found between lymphedema and other patient or tumor characteristics.

Conclusion
In the setting of a laparoscopic approach for early-stage endometrial cancer surgery, SLN mapping is associated with a significant reduction in lymphatic complications compared with a systematic lymph node dissection. Our findings provide additional evidence endorsing the adoption of SLN mapping during minimally invasive surgery for endometrial cancer. This technique ensures comparable diagnostic accuracy and also minimizes complications.
Gender challenges within the UK Defence Medical Services: recruiting and retaining a diverse workforce
Authors: Swain Cara , Evans C , Kinkaid V , Keogh J , Orr L , King K 
Published: September 2024

While there are women represented in some notable positions within the UK Defence Medical Services (DMS), the challenges and barriers to successful female progression have not disappeared. The DMS needs highly talented, motivated doctors working to support operations, yet we struggle to recruit and retain female personnel. This is in clear contrast to the increased proportion of female personnel working within the civilian medical workforce.This article seeks to communicate this problem, illustrated by the lived experiences of DMS female doctors, by exploring the six gender bias barriers (‘Glass Walls’) that hold women back in the workplace.Cultural change requires a determined effort, driven persistently from the top and at every level of leadership and management. The first step requires recognition and acceptance of the problem. Progress is likely to be slow, or fail, if driven by the female minority alone. While the DMS remains a majority-male organisation, male allies are pivotal in advocating for their female colleagues, to promote change, in an effort to recruit and retain talented individuals.
Predicting the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular event in systemic lupus erythematosus: a Chinese SLE treatment and research group study XXVI
Authors: Huang Can , Li Yutong , Wang Ziqian , Lin Shudian , Zhao Jiu-Liang , Wang Qian , Tian Xinping , Wang Yanhong , Duan Xinwang , Wang Yongfu , Zhao Cheng , Wu Zhenbiao , Xu Jian , Han Chen , Yang Min , Wu Rui , Zeng Xiaofeng , Li Mengtao 
Published: September 2024

ObjectivePatients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have an increased risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (CCEs). Furthermore, CCE was a significant factor contributing to mortality in patients with SLE. However, no clinical model exists that can predict which patients are at high risk. The purpose of this study was to develop a practical model for predicting the risk of CCE in people with SLE.MethodsThis study was based on the Chinese SLE Treatment and Research Group cohort. A total of 2399 patients, who had a follow-up period of over 3 years and were diagnosed with SLE for less than 1 year at the start of the study, were included. Cox proportional hazards regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression were used to establish the model. Internal validation was performed, and the predictive power of the model was evaluated.ResultsDuring the follow-up period, 93 patients had CCEs. The prediction model included nine variables: male gender, smoking, hypertension, age of SLE onset >40, cutaneous involvement, arthritis, anti-β2GP1 antibody positivity, high-dose glucocorticoids and hydroxychloroquine usage. The model’s C index was 0.801. Patients with a prognostic index over 0.544 were classified into the high-risk group.ConclusionWe have developed a predictive model that uses clinical indicators to assess the probability of CCE in patients diagnosed with SLE. This model has the ability to precisely predict the risk of CCE in patients with SLE. We recommended using this model in the routine assessment of patients with SLE.