bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Conventional Mechanical Ventilation Performed by Two Neonatal Ventilators on the Lung Functions of Rabbits with Meconium-Induced Acute Lung Injury
Authors: Mokra D , Mikolka P , Kosutova P , Kolomaznik M , Jurcek M , Istona P , Matasova K , Zibolen M , Calkovska A 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSevere meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) in the neonates often requires a ventilatory support. As a method of choice, a conventional mechanical ventilation with small tidal volumes (VT<6 ml/kg) and appropriate ventilatory pressures is used. The purpose of this study was to assess the short-term effects of the small-volume CMV performed by two neonatal ventilators: Aura V (Chirana Stara Tura a.s., Slovakia) and SLE5000 (SLE Ltd., UK) on the lung functions of rabbits with experimentally-induced MAS and to estimate whether the newly developed neonatal version of the ventilator Aura V is suitable for ventilation of the animals with MAS.In the young rabbits, a model of MAS was induced by an intratracheal instillation of a suspension of neonatal meconium (4 ml/kg, 25 mg/ml). After creating the model of MAS, the animals were ventilated with small-volume CMV (frequency 50/min, VT<6 ml/kg, inspiration time 50 %, fraction of inspired oxygen 1.0, positive end-expiratory pressure 0.5 kPa, mean airway pressure 1.1 kPa) performed by ventilator Aura V (Aura group, n=7) or ventilator SLE5000 (SLE group, n=7) for additional 4 hours. One group of animals served as healthy non-ventilated controls (n=6). Blood gases, oxygenation indexes, ventilatory pressures, lung compliance, oxygen saturation and total and differential white blood cell (WBC) count were regularly determined. After euthanizing the animals, a left lung was saline-lavaged and total and differential counts of cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were determined. A right lung was used for estimation of lung edema formation (expressed as a wet/dry weight ratio) and for analysis of concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-8, TNF). The cytokines were measured also in the blood plasma taken at the end of experiment.Meconium instillation seriously worsened the gas exchange and induced inflammation and lung edema formation. In the Aura group, slightly lower concentrations of cytokines were found and better gas exchange early after creating the MAS model was observed. However, there were no significant differences in the respiratory parameters between the ventilated groups at the end of experiment (P>0.05).Concluding, the newly developed neonatal version of the ventilator Aura V was found to be fully comparable to widely used neonatal ventilator SLE5000. Results provided by Aura V in CMV ventilation of rabbits with meconium-induced acute lung injury suggest its great potential also for future clinical use, i.e. for ventilation of the neonates with MAS.
Permian climate change recorded in palynomorph assemblages of Mozambique (Moatize Basin, eastern Tete Province)
Authors: Götz Annette E. , Hancox P. John , Lloyd Andrew 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Knowledge of Late Permian biodiversity patterns, following the end-Guadalupian crisis, is still in its infancy, since most recent studies have focused on the end-Permian biotic crisis. The palynological record of southern Africa, however, reveals major climatic changes during the Late Permian. Here we report new palynological data from eastern Tete Province of Mozambique, documenting the change from cool to warm temperate climates during the Lopingian. This prominent climate signal was also detected recently in other depositional environments elsewhere in southern Africa, and thus enables interregional temporal correlations.
Microstructural analysis and corrosion behavior of Fe, B, and Fe-B-modified Cu-Zn-Al shape memory alloys
Authors: Alaneme Kenneth Kanayo , Okotete Eloho Anita , Bodunrin Michael Oluwatosin 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe corrosion behavior of Cu-Zn-Al alloys modified with Fe, B, and Fe-B was investigated. This was motivated by the need to verify the effect of microalloy additions on the corrosion behavior of Cu-Zn-Al alloys, which, as recent study suggests, impacts microstructural changes other than grain refinement. Cu-Zn-Al alloys were produced by casting method with and without the addition of microalloy elements. The alloys were subjected to thermomechanical treatment before machining of test samples for corrosion and microstructural analysis. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and polarization electrochemical technique were used for the study. From the results, increase in grain size and change in grain edge morphology was apparent for the modified Cu-Zn-Al alloys produced. In 3.5 wt.% NaCl and 0.3mH2SO4solutions, the corrosion current densities were dependent on the type and concentration of the microalloy addition. Essentially, the corrosion rates for the modified alloys were higher in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution; in 0.3mH2SO4solution, the modified Cu-Zn-Al alloy grades were observed to be more resistant to corrosion. The corrosion mechanisms of the alloys in both solutions were not feasibly established from the SEM images, but the extent of corrosion product deposition was apparent.
Limit linear series for curves not of compact type
Authors: Osserman Brian 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
We introduce a notion of limit linear series for nodal curves which are
not of compact type. We give a construction of a moduli space of limit
linear series, which works also in smoothing families, and we prove a
corresponding specialization result. For a more restricted class
of curves which simultaneously generalizes two-component curves and
curves of compact type, we give an equivalent definition of limit linear
series, which is visibly a generalization of the Eisenbud–Harris
definition. Finally, for the same class of curves, we prove a smoothing
theorem which constitutes an improvement over known results even in the
compact-type case.
Cytotoxicity and cytochrome P450 inhibitory activities of Clinacanthus nutans
Authors: Quah Suk Yen , Chin Jin Han , Akowuah Gabriel Akyirem , Khalivulla Shaik Ibrahim , Yeong Siew Wei , Sabu Mandumpal Chacko 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Background:

Clinacanthus nutans Lindau (family: Acanthaceae), also known as “Sabah Snake Grass” or “Belalai Gajah” in Malaysia, has been widely used by Malaysians due to its anticancer property. However, the anticancer activity of C. nutans leaves extract and its safe use need to be further investigated. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of methanol leaves extract of C. nutans in various human cancer cell lines and to evaluate the in vitro effect of C. nutans leaves on the activity of CYP3A4 and CYP2E1 in human liver microsomes.

Methods:
The cytotoxic effects of methanol extract of C. nutans leaves in various cancer cell lines (Hep-G2, A549, HT-29, MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, and CRL 1739) and normal cells (3T3) were determined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) cell proliferation assay. The activities of CYP3A4 and CYP2E1 were determined using simple spectrophotometric methods.

Results:
Results obtained showed that the methanol extract of C. nutans leaves exhibited the highest cytotoxic effect against Hep-G2 cell lines (liver cancer) (IC50=13.33 μg/mL), followed by breast cancer oestrogen negative (MDA-MB-231) (IC50 of 18.67 μg/mL). Methanol leaves extract of C. nutans showed significant inhibition (p<0.05) in CYP3A4 and CYP2E1 activity in human liver microsomes.

Conclusions:
In conclusion, methanol leaves extract of C. nutans exhibited the highest cytotoxic activity against liver cancer cells (Hep-G2). There is a possibility that herb-drug interaction could occur with C. nutans through inhibitory effects on CYP3A4. Additionally, inhibition of C. nutans on CYP2E1 could show anti-carcinogenesis effects in human liver microsomes.
‘VIPsm’, A Threat to Social Stability in South Africa: From Apartheid Exclusions to Democratized Inequalities
Authors: Rapatsa Mashele 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The object of this article is to present a critical analysis of the impact of the notion of ‘VIPsm’, a phenomenon through which human beings are socially ‘categorized’ or ‘classed’ according to status or wealth or position being held in society. The article is predicated on South Africa’s discernible constitutional pursuit of attaining social stability and equitable social justice. This work is also considerate of the country’s known unpleasant history of apartheid’s acute race-based social exclusions, and in contrast, the post 1994 persistent social and economic inequalities which thus far proliferates material disadvantage, poverty, social discontent and protests amongst citizens. The article employed ‘Transformational Leadership theory ‘and ‘Power and Influence theories’ as tools of analysis, given that the Constitution, 1996 is transformative in nature and thus require ‘transformational leaders’ in order to achieve its major goal of burying wounds of the past, to build one unified nation that is socially stable. It is asserted that social challenges and superfluous differential treatment of humans besieging contemporary South Africa are suggestive of the presence of leadership that is self-centered, opulence driven, and has little or no regard for the poor and thus, disfavor the solidarity principle.
Special or Inclusive Education in Romania?
Authors: Alexiu Teodor Mircea , Baciu Elena-Loreni , Sandvin Johans Tveit , Birneanu Andreea Georgiana 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
In our paper we will try to explore the process of reforming the “special needs education” ideology of the Romanian school system toward the European target called “inclusive education”. Following the method of inquiry named Institutional Ethnography, our study investigated first the everyday dysfunctional experiences of special needs populations approaching the scholar system, and then the institutional response for these dysfunctionalities, the final target being a better understanding and finding solutions to the problematics encountered.
After the dissolution of the communist regime very few disabled students succeeded to be integrated in the general education and these happy cases happened in the prestige schools with dedicated teachers and mainly because of the huge efforts of the parents. The most part of the disabled students had to address the old special schools (much less organized and financed than they used to be) to get vocational training for the special protected units that disappeared in the meantime.
An inclusive school would be fit for an inclusive society but when the labour market and society as a whole is excluding this category, the segregated education seem the proper approach and illustrate the reproductive efforts of the society through the education in the Bourdieu perspective.
In fact the “inclusive education” European model seems still far for Romania. Even the objective is clear the path is still unclear, due the discriminatory resistance of the society. A learning process is needed but the process seems difficult because “students” refuse to learn it and teachers seem very hard to find.
印尼福建话的语言活力: 以棉兰与泗水为例
Authors: 晓梅 王 , 家丰 祝 
Published: March 2017

摘要福建人是印尼最大的方言群，根据 1947 年的人口统计，其人口约占印尼华人人口的 31.6%。关于福建人的语言使用，既有的研究多集中于印尼福建话（闽南话）的描写，而缺乏语言活力的调查；即使是已有的语言使用的研究也多以在华的印尼留学生为调查对象，缺少在地的实际调查；而有限的实证研究又多以华语学习者或教师为研究对象，很难全面反映福建人语言使用的实际状况。有鉴于此，本研究选取福建人较为集中的两个城市进行实地的访问调查，这两个城市分别为苏门答腊岛的棉兰和爪哇岛的泗水。田野调查于 2015 年 7 月 28 日至 8 月 5 日期间展开，主要研究工具为语言活力调查问卷（共 30 个项目），调查主要以面访的形式进行，尽量涵盖不同年龄层与性别的福建人。本研究共收集 64 份问卷（棉兰 32 份，泗水 32 份）。研究结果显示，印尼福建人的语言使用呈现明显的地域差异。棉兰与泗水在多数项目上都有明显差异，尤其是福建话水平与家庭用语。这些特点和差异都与印尼国家与语言政策的演变密切相关。在调查结果的基础上，本文尝试预测印尼福建话的发展前景，并与马来西亚华人的语言状况作出比较。
马来西亚华语概说
Authors: 熙 郭 
Published: March 2017

摘要由于国情、生存的社会、历史条件等不同，发展到今天，马来西亚华语既不同于普通话，也不同于新加坡、香港、美国等地的华语变体，研究的意义和价值很大。文章从以下几个方面展开讨论：语言背景和语言政策、马来西亚华人社会和马来西亚华语的发展、华语变体与华人的语言使用、马来西亚华语的特点、马来西亚华语研究。
论汉字再演化
Authors: 有為 史 
Published: March 2017

提要
1）汉字统一是汉语与汉族统一与中国统一的支持因素，也是现阶段最重要的汉字战略。2）我们需要从中国看世界，也要从世界看中国。3）简化字存在明显的优点与不足。汉字或繁体汉字并非造成文盲的根本原因。在电脑-数字时代，对汉字再演化提出了新的课题。4）汉字简化将会优化。民间繁简共存、共识、共用是汉字统一最重要的一步。
Study on regeneration of spent activated carbon by using a clean technology
Authors: Ma Aiyuan , Zheng Xuemei , Liu Chenhui , Peng Jinhui , Li Shiwei , Zhang Libo , Liu Chao 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
In this paper, microwave regeneration of spent activated carbon saturated with organic compounds was investigated. It has been observed from the present experiments that the microwave regeneration temperature and time have significant influences on iodine adsorption value and yield of the regenerated activated carbon (RAC). The characteristics of the RAC were examined by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET). The RAC has a greatly higher surface area (743.6~264.1 m2/g), total pore volume (0.54~0.22 cm3/g), and a relatively smaller average pore width (28.83~33.58 nm) compared to the spent catalyst. The separation mechanism for activated carbon and organic impurities was determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with an energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS). It was a process in which the organic impurities were aggregated from the pore internal migration to the surface at low temperatures, and the organic impurities were completely decomposed as the temperature increased to 900°C for 40 min. Simultaneously, a hexagonal crystal structure material of ZnO was obtained.
β-NGF and β-NGF receptor upregulation in blood and synovial fluid in osteoarthritis
Authors: Montagnoli Claudia , Tiribuzi Roberto , Crispoltoni Lucia , Pistilli Alessandra , Stabile Anna Maria , Manfreda Francesco , Placella Giacomo , Rende Mario , Cerulli Giuliano G. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is the most common form of non-traumatic joint disease. Previous studies have shown the involvement of β-NGF and its receptors TrKA and p75NTR in OA-related pain, but their role in its pathogenesis is still unclear. The aim of our study was to investigate the amount of β-NGF and the expression levels of its receptors on cells isolated from synovial fluid and blood from OA patients who had undergone total knee arthroplasty, in order to check any possible correlation with the disease staging. Our results show a progressive stage-related increase of β-NGF and its receptors both in serum and synovial fluid. Furthermore, with respect to control subjects, OA patients show an increased amount of inflammatory monocytes along with an increased expression of β-NGF, TrKA and p75NTR. In conclusion, our study suggests a stage-related modulation of β-NGF and its receptors in the inflammatory process of OA.
Structural and functional insight into pan-endopeptidase inhibition by α2-macroglobulins
Authors: Goulas Theodoros , Garcia-Ferrer Irene , Marrero Aniebrys , Marino-Puertas Laura , Duquerroy Stephane , Gomis-Rüth F. Xavier 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPeptidases must be exquisitely regulated to prevent erroneous cleavage and one control is provided by protein inhibitors. These are usually specific for particular peptidases or families and sterically block the active-site cleft of target enzymes using lock-and-key mechanisms. In contrast, members of the +1400-residue multi-domain α2-macroglobulin inhibitor family (α2Ms) are directed against a broad spectrum of endopeptidases of disparate specificities and catalytic types, and they inhibit their targets without disturbing their active sites. This is achieved by irreversible trap mechanisms resulting from large conformational rearrangement upon cleavage in a promiscuous bait region through the prey endopeptidase. After decades of research, high-resolution structural details of these mechanisms have begun to emerge for tetrameric and monomeric α2Ms, which use ‘Venus-flytrap’ and ‘snap-trap’ mechanisms, respectively. In the former, represented by archetypal human α2M, inhibition is exerted through physical entrapment in a large cage, in which preys are still active against small substrates and inhibitors that can enter the cage through several apertures. In the latter, represented by a bacterial α2M fromEscherichia coli, covalent linkage and steric hindrance of the prey inhibit activity, but only against very large substrates.
The relationship between strength measurements and anthropometric indicators (BMI and skinfold thickness) in Ellisras rural adolescents aged 9–15 years: Ellisras longitudinal study
Authors: Nkwana Mbelege R. , Monyeki Kotsedi D. , Matshipi Moloko , Sekgala Machoene D. , Ramoshaba Nthai E. , Mashiane Tshephang M.J. 
Published: March 2017

PurposeHandgrip strength and arm hang have been recognized as predictors of muscle strength and presented as biomarkers for important health outcomes and overall fitness of an individual. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between arm hang and handgrip strength with BMI and skinfold thickness.MethodsThe total of 769 children (391 boys and 378 girls) aged 9–15 years underwent a series of anthropometric and strength measurements with the use of standard procedures. Linear regression was applied to assess the relationship of arm hang and handgrip strengths with body mass index and skinfold thickness.ResultsThe prevalence of undernutrition and low strength measurements was high (1.7–85%) while the prevalence of overweight and obesity was low (1.5–4.2%) in the Ellisras children aged 9–15 years. Boys showed a significantly higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) mean arm hang (9.6–13.1 kg) than girls (4.0–5.1 kg) aged 11–15 years. There was a significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05) association between low strength and underweight among Ellisras rural children when unadjusted (OR = 0.650; 95% CI = 0.487–0.867) and adjusted (OR = 0.650; 95% CI = 0.489–0.868) for age and gender.ConclusionsThe prevalence of undernutrition and poor strength was high. An association was observed between arm hang and anthropometric indicators while handgrip showed no significant association with anthropometric indicators. Further studies are needed to investigate the association between strength and undernutrition over time.
Blood pressure responses after a session of functional training in young adults and the elderly: a pilot study
Authors: Lima Reinaldo Roberto Correia , Oliveira Caio Victor Coutinho De , Gomes Jorge Luiz De Brito , Silva Cyntia Nislane Pereira Da , Souza Adriene Melo De , Rabay Aline Nóbrega , Silva Thamires Barbosa Da , Santos Marcos Antônio Pereira Dos , Brito Aline De Freitas 
Published: March 2017

PurposeThe potential of functional training (FT) to improve health is evident. However, regarding post-exercise hypotension (PEH) in older adults, there are few data. The study aimed to determine the cardiometabolic demand imposed by an FT session and evaluate PEH, comparing it with exercise sessions with aerobic and resistance exercises in physically active practitioners.MethodsFourteen young (23.3 ± 2 years) and 15 older (68 ± 4 years) adults underwent a control session and FT session randomly determined. Blood pressure, heart rate, and double product were recorded at rest, during exercise, and in every 10 minutes over 60 minutes of recovery. Additionally, we measured the rate of perceived exertion (RPE).ResultsThe FT protocol promoted systolic PEH in both groups in the last half of recovery, reaching a reduction of 10.4 ± 4.9 mm Hg in young and 13.4 ± 3.8 mm Hg in older adults (<i>p</i> < 0.05). No differences were observed between the groups (<i>p</i> > 0.05). There were no differences between the groups with reference to RPE at any time (<i>p</i> > 0.05).ConclusionsA single FT session is able to promote PEH in normotensive young and borderline hypertensive older adults but without changing the RPE in comparison over the time, owing to a great similarity of FT practices in the groups.
Symptoms and Driving Factors of Contemporary Earth Warming and Projections for the Future
Authors: Wibig Joanna 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
This paper outlines the symptoms of contemporary global warming, reviews its possible driving factors and presents some projections for future. Key among the symptoms are those related to temperature, with the increase in average global temperature since 1880 now reaching a value of 0.85°C. While warming has encompassed almost the whole world, the high latitudes have warmed more than the low, and maximum temperature has increased more than average temperature. Warming has been causing sea level rise, thanks to both the thermal expansion of warming water and the melting of ice on land.
The other consequence of warming is a change in precipitation pattern, manifesting itself in higher precipitation in certain parts of the world (generally at low and high latitudes), but also lower precipitation in other parts (mainly the Tropics); as well as in changes in the intraannual course characterising precipitation (with more falling in winter and less in summer), and in the frequency and intensity of rainfall (more intense heavy-precipitation events and higher variability where the frequency of precipitation is concerned).
Among the possible driving factors, the most important are those related to the increase of CO2 and mixing ratios of other greenhouse gases in the troposphere. Land-use changes and emissions of aerosols to the atmosphere also exert a major impact on temperature. These are mainly anthropogenic factors. While natural drivers also modulate the climate markedly, they tend to warm and cool the globe alternately, stepping up warming when they are in a warming phase, but slowing down or even offsetting warming during a cooling phase.
Projections for the future are entirely dependent on socio-economic scenarios of future development. All the (economically) realistic scenarios point to a continuation of the warming trend, with a further intense sea-level rise and precipitation changes, albeit with the rate of change varying in line with the rate of increase in concentrations of the greenhouse gases. The realistic range of values for average rise in global temperature is between 2 and even 6 degrees Celsius.
The Management of the Globe’s Resources in the Light of Recent Papal Encyclicals
Authors: Gutry-Korycka Małgorzata 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
This paper focuses mainly on human ecology and social-geography related aspects of the Encyclicals issued and published in the course of the three last Pontificates – i.e. those of John Paul II, Benedict XVI and Francis, as addressed to both the faithful of the Roman Catholic Church and all people of good will.
In his Encyclicals, the late Pope John Paul II is seen to refer to contemporary problems pervading and perplexing the world, drawing particular attention to the further development of civilisation and to social (i.e. social inequality) aspects and changes ongoing. Holy Father John Paul II refers inter alia to a perceived boundary between wellbeing and poverty running within the same societies, be these highly developed or only just embarking on the path of development, and also offers very profound justification for the idea that the fundamental unit of human ecology is the family, as the foundation of both life and development.
Consideration is then given to a 6-part Encyclical issued by Pope Benedict XVI, it being noted how His Holiness’s point of view, and way of looking at the sustainable development of the environment and the Earth is presented in a concrete, synthetic and very concise manner.
For his part, Pope Francis in his Laudato Si Encyclical – is shown to detail profound cause-effect linkage between the present economic situation globally and the huge disparities within and between societies. Also highlighted is His Holiness’s proposal that a so-called integral ecology be introduced.
The paper’s author concludes by recalling other recent (July 2016) events that are also of exceptional relevance to the subject, i.e. the World Youth Days held in Kraków with the participation of Pope Francis. Here, special reference is made to content in which His Holiness addresses current challenges to the several million young people present, and puts forward views regarding a new social and human revolution.