bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crystal growth, Dielectric and Thermal Studies on N-Methyl-4-Nitroaniline: Isophthalic Acid Molecular Adduct Crystals
Authors: Lakshmi Ravikumar , Prabukanthan P. 
Published: October 2017

Organic compound N-methyl-4-nitroaniline isophthalic acid (NMNAIPA) needle shaped single crystals with a dimension of 4x1x1 cm3 were grown by slow evaporation technique in methanol as solvent at ambient temperature. The grown single crystals have been analyzed through powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1HNMR), carbon NMR (13CNMR), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), Raman spectra and UV-Vis spectra. Based on powder XRD patterns, the as-grown NMNAIPA single crystal was a good crystalline in nature. The various planes of reflection have been identified from the powder XRD pattern. It belongs to the monoclinic crystal system. The presences of functional groups were identified from FT-IR and Raman spectra. UV-Vis-NIR spectral analysis showed 74% transmission in the visible region for NMNAIPA crystal. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss of the as-grown NMNAIPA single crystal was studied as a function of frequency and temperature. Thermo gravimetric (TG) and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) techniques were carried out to characterize the thermal behavior and stability of as-grown NMNAIPA single crystal. It has thermal stability around 421 K. The nonlinear optical (NLO) activity test using a pulsed Nd:YAG laser confirms the generation of second harmonics and it shows 1.25 times relatively greater than KDP.
INTERAÇÕES DO PÚBLICO ATRAVÉS DAS REDES SOCIAIS: UM ESTUDO DE CASO NO SETOR DE MODA
Authors: Favero Marcela Bortotti , Saraiva Renan Thiago Bergamaschi , Veraldo Douglas , Feliposki Fernando Da Silva , Favero Pedro Henrique Bortotti 
Published: October 2017

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo mapear as ações que as magazines de moda estão adotando nas redes sociais identificando as redes onde o conteúdo realmente é gerado pelo usuário. Os questionamentos surgiram após observar o aumento do poder de consumo da classe c, e por consequência a explosão das grandes magazines que oferecem produtos para esse público. Em contrapartida há o grande desenvolvimento das redes sociais como plataformas de comunicação. Este é um estudo de casos múltiplos de caráter exploratório e característica temporal transversal, com a coleta de dados realizada de maneira passiva por meio do monitoramento das redes: youtube, twitter e instagram das marcas Marisa, Pernambucanas, Riachuelo, C&A e Renner. Além disso, houve o monitoramento de blogs de moda (Meninas Malvadas, Garotas Estúpidas e blogs das marcas) e dos sites de reclama aqui. O monitoramento aconteceu durante um período de 2 meses (dez/2014 – fev/2014), e os dados foram computados em tabelas do Excel para tratamento de forma quantitativa. Os principais resultados apontam que as grandes magazines nacionais e internacionais estão utilizando de maneira intensiva todas as redes sociais aqui pesquisadas, com foco especialmente delimitado para o público feminino, através da divulgação de produtos.
Sublime, Race, Racialization: Formalisation, Necessity, Contingency
Authors: Pristovšek Jovita 
Published: October 2017

If we speak about the sublimity of financial markets nowadays, this is mostly because we can already gaze into the contemporary version of ruins of (ambiguous) crises of capitalism and crisis politics, that left behind themselves desolated (social) landscapes, in which the absence of the human and of labor (read: gazing into the posthuman and at the emancipation within nonhuman terrain) once again testifies to a kind of sublimity. And from the historical point of view the revitalization of the discourse of (Cassius Longinus) sublime is situated precisely into a genealogy of treatises drawing the border between human and nonhuman, between society and nature. Thus, the sublime could only rise over not (yet) cultivated nature (while sovereignty could only rise over the cultivated one). Following from Longinus' most efficient sublime effect, when it functions as a hidden figure of speech, my field of interest will be predominantly a genealogy of race within the regime of aesthetics, from Edmund Burke's and Immanuel Kant's conceptualizations of aesthetics of the sublime, up until recent debates within contemporary aesthetics about subject-less experience and experience-less subject. This genealogy will serve as a display of procedure by which and since then the content (unrepresentable, race, terror) could be represented only in a certain way (as necessity), which led to a kind of asceticism (i.e. to formalism and immaterial), even more, to a return to objectnessless, which once again testifies to an encounter with the figure of silence, and with contingency. Article received: June 5, 2017; Article accepted: June 16, 2017; Published online: October 15, 2017; Original scholarly paperHow to cite this article: Pristovšek, Jovita. "Sublime, Race, Racialization: Formalization, Necessity, Contingency." AM Journal of Art and Media Studies 14 (2017): 45-56. doi: 10.25038/am.v0i14.202
Fixturhärten ohne Abschrecköl
Authors: Wagner S. , Lübben Th. 
Published: October 2017

Kurzfassung
Zum maß- und formgenauen Abschrecken von verzugsempfindlichen Teilen werden Fixturhärtemaschinen eingesetzt. Die erforderlichen Maße und die notwendigen Formtoleranzen werden durch eine optimierte Umströmung des Bauteils mit dem Kühlmedium und den Einsatz externer Kräfte, die über die Fixtur ins Bauteil eingebracht werden, erreicht. Die Abschreckung wird durch spezielle Abschrecköle realisiert, die zu Kühlgeschwindigkeiten führen, die ausreichend hoch für die angestrebte Härtung sind. Über die Konstruktion und den Einsatz derartiger Maschinen in Kombination mit der Ölabschreckung liegt in der Branche ein großer Erfahrungsschatz hinsichtlich der notwendigen Gestaltungs- und Prozessparameter vor. Selbstverständlich sind auch die Grenzen dieser Prozesse bekannt, sodass entsprechende Anfragen auf einer sicheren ingenieursmäßigen Basis bearbeitet werden können. Unabhängig davon, dass die Ölabschreckung ein anerkannter und bewährter Prozess ist, existiert am Markt eine Nachfrage nach Fixturhärtemaschinen mit alternativen Abschreckmedien. Ein oftmals genannter Grund dafür ist die Einsparung des Waschprozesses. Als Medien kommen bspw. Stickstoff und Luft in Frage, die aber zu geringeren Kühlgeschwindigkeiten führen. Dies hat zur Konsequenz, dass die physikalischen Grenzen für die Erreichung der spezifizierten Kernhärte nicht außer Acht gelassen werden können. Zudem liegen nur wenige Erfahrungen über Gestaltungs- und Prozessparameter vor. In diesem Beitrag wird über die Entwicklung einer Fixturhärtemaschine für die Gasabschreckung berichtet. Zur Erreichung einer optimalen Abschreckwirkung in der Fixtur wurden experimentelle und numerische Untersuchungsmethoden (Computational Fluid Dynamics – CFD) eingesetzt. Den erwähnten physikalischen Grenzen wurde dabei durch die Entwicklung eines Verfahrens zur Abschätzung der Kernhärte an der entsprechenden Bauteilposition Rechnung getragen.
CarboBain: Case Hardening by Carbo-Austempering–a short Introduction to Transformation Kinetics, Microstructure and Residual Stresses*
Authors: Steinbacher M. , Zoch H.-W. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The beneficial strength properties of bainitic microstructures have been perceived since several years. The transformation kinetics and different morphologies of bainite were analyzed scientifically in depth and with increasing understanding the application of bainite is focus now. But still, bainitic microstructures are mainly utilized with chemically homogeneous steels. An application of bainitic transformed carburized samples is rather rare up to now. Therefore highly stressed geared components today typically are carburized and martensitically hardened. The microstructure in the case is generally composed of martensite with finely dispersed retained austenite and/or carbides. For gear wheel application during the past 50 years research was focused on topics like microstructure optimization within the bounds of martensite with no more than 25 % of retained austenite. For gears only very limited information on heat treatments with bainitic transformation of the case is available. In the USA few suppliers are propagating carbo-austempering heat treatment for case hardening applications [1]. In the literature a combination of carburization and austempering is discussed with only scarce data on material and microstructure performance [2–6]. To close the gap a systematic approach was made in a public funded project, analyzing transformation kinetics, microstructure properties and mechanical performance of two typical case hardening steels in carburized state being bainitic transformed. The heat treatment method using case hardening by carburization and adjacent austempering, the transformation behaviour, microstructure development and mechanical properties will be discussed.
Utility of Multivariate Statistical Analysis to Identify Factors Contributing Groundwater Quality in High Altitude Region of Leh-Ladakh, India
Authors: Giri Arup , Bharti Vijay K. , Kalia Sahil , Kumar Krishna , Raj Tilak , Kumar Bhuvnesh 
Published: October 2017

Many factors have been found responsible for the groundwater quality like interaction of different water sources, types of soils, other several natural factors, and anthropogenic factors. Therefore, the objectives of the present work were to identify different factors affecting the ground water quality based on multivariate analysis. This study also aimed to determine the usefulness of multivariate statistical techniques to improve our understanding of factors affecting groundwater properties and their interactions. The original matrix consisted of 25 physico-chemical parameters analyzed in 70 number of ground water samples collected from different sites of sampling stations. All the physical and chemical parameters were analyzed by the standard methods of APHA, whereas minerals were determined by ICP-OES method. Thereafter, experimental 70 × 25 matrix was run through the multivariate statistical data analysis which consists of Principal Component Analysis (PCA), R and Q mode Factor Analysis (FA), and Cluster Analysis (CA). Results showed that physico-chemical factors are important source of variation in the groundwater quality. Interestingly, multivariate analysis revealed that other factors such as dissolution of salts present in the underlying rocks, presence of nutrient load, non-mixing/partial mixing of different types of ground water and moderate type of exchange between river water with adjacent ground water has been found to affect groundwater quality. The study also showed the significant role of multivariate statistical analysis in evaluation and interpretation of the groundwater quality data. The outcome of this study can be used as baseline data to inhospitable and critical areas for future sustainable development and proper management of groundwater system which will ultimately produce good water quality.
Effects of two proprioceptive training programs on joint position sense, strength, activation and recurrent injuries after ankle sprains
Authors: Lazarou Lazaros , Kofotolis Nikolaos , Malliou Paraskevi , Kellis Eleftherios 
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND: After ankle sprains, therapists may use proprioceptive training programs to manage residual symptoms and reduce the risk for recurrent injuries. However, evidence on program effectiveness is limited. OBJECTIVE: To investigate effectiveness of balance and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) programs in individuals with sprain. METHODS: Participants were recruited from a rehabilitation center and were randomly allocated to a balance or PNF group. Both groups received 10 training sessions, within a six-week period. Ankle position sense, isokinetic strength and EMG activity were assessed by a blinded investigator at baseline, at the end of training and eight weeks after training. Recurrent injuries were recorded 12 months after training. RESULTS: Twenty participants provided follow-up data. Eight weeks after training, significant ([Formula: see text] 0.017) gains were found in most strength measures for both groups, apart from dorsiflexion strength ([Formula: see text] 0.05). For the balance group, there were no recurrent injuries and for the PNF group the recurrent injury rate was 20%. Eight weeks after training, the balance group significantly ([Formula: see text] 0.017) improved plantar flexion position sense and EMG activity of peroneus longus muscle and the PNF group significantly ([Formula: see text] 0.017) improved EMG activity of tibialis anterior muscle. CONCLUSIONS: For individuals with sprain, balance and PNF programs are recommended for ankle strengthening. They may also be effective in reducing the risk for recurrent injuries.
Comparison of lateral abdominal muscle thickness during bridge exercises with different support surfaces in healthy individuals
Authors: Lee Kyeongbong , Kim Minkyu , Ha Hyungeun , Lee Wanhee 
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND: Lateral abdominal muscle strengthening exercise can improve the function and motor control of core musculature, but the influence of exercise posture and unstable support surface is controversial. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of bridge exercise type and support surface on abdominal muscle thickness during three bridge exercises with two different support surfaces. METHODS: Real-time ultrasonography was used to measure the muscle thickness of the transverse abdominis, internal oblique, and external oblique muscles in 45 healthy volunteers. The supine, prone, and flank bridge exercise were performed on stable and unstable support surfaces. RESULTS: The thickness of all muscles was significantly increased during flank compared to supine bridge exercise and prone with stable support ([Formula: see text] 0.05) but not in prone vs. supine. Muscle thickness was significantly increased in prone compared to supine bridge and flank compared to supine and prone ([Formula: see text] 0.05) with unstable support. However, only internal oblique muscle thickness was significantly increased in unstable support surface compared to stable during prone bridge exercise. CONCLUSION: Bridge exercises performed with unstable support do not influence the contraction thickness of lateral abdominal muscles any more than those performed with stable support. In healthy individuals, thickening of abdominal muscles is influenced more by maintaining a specific posture than by the support surface when the target muscles are engaged as agonists.
Biosignal integrated circuit with simultaneous acquisition of ECG and PPG for wearable healthcare applications
Authors: Kim Hyungseup , Park Yunjong , Ko Youngwoon , Mun Yeongjin , Lee Sangmin , Ko Hyoungho 
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND: Wearable healthcare systems require measurements from electrocardiograms (ECGs) and photoplethysmograms (PPGs), and the blood pressure of the user. The pulse transit time (PTT) can be calculated by measuring the ECG and PPG simultaneously. Continuous-time blood pressure without using an air cuff can be estimated by using the PTT. OBJECTIVE: This paper presents a biosignal acquisition integrated circuit (IC) that can simultaneously measure the ECG and PPG for wearable healthcare applications. METHODS: Included in this biosignal acquisition circuit are a voltage mode instrumentation amplifier (IA) for ECG acquisition and a current mode transimpedance amplifier for PPG acquisition. The analog outputs from the ECG and PPG channels are muxed and converted to digital signals using 12-bit successive approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC). RESULTS: The proposed IC is fabricated by using a standard 0.18 [Formula: see text]m CMOS process with an active area of 14.44 mm[Formula: see text]. The total current consumption for the multichannel IC is 327 [Formula: see text]A with a 3.3 V supply. The measured input referred noise of ECG readout channel is 1.3 [Formula: see text]V[Formula: see text] with a bandwidth of 0.5 Hz to 100 Hz. And the measured input referred current noise of the PPG readout channel is 0.122 nA/[Formula: see text]Hz with a bandwidth of 0.5 Hz to 100 Hz. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed IC, which is implemented using various circuit techniques, can measure ECG and PPG signals simultaneously to calculate the PTT for wearable healthcare applications.
Fuzzy logic-based mobile computing system for hand rehabilitation after neurological injury
Authors: Chiu Yu-Hsien , Chen Tien-Wen , Chen Yenming J. , Su Ching-I , Hwang Kao-Shing , Ho Wen-Hsien 
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND: Effective neurological rehabilitation requires long term assessment and treatment. The rapid progress of virtual reality-based assistive technologies and tele-rehabilitation has increased the potential for self-rehabilitation of various neurological injuries under clinical supervision. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to develop a fuzzy inference mechanism for a smart mobile computing system designed to support in-home rehabilitation of patients with neurological injury in the hand by providing an objective means of self-assessment. METHODS: A commercially available tablet computer equipped with a Bluetooth motion sensor was integrated in a splint to obtain a smart assistive device for collecting hand motion data, including writing performance and the corresponding grasp force. A virtual reality game was also embedded in the smart splint to support hand rehabilitation. Quantitative data obtained during the rehabilitation process were modeled by fuzzy logic. Finally, the improvement in hand function was quantified with a fuzzy rule database of expert opinion and experience. RESULTS: Experiments in chronic stroke patients showed that the proposed system is applicable for supporting in-home hand rehabilitation. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed virtual reality system can be customized for specific therapeutic purposes. Commercial development of the system could immediately provide stroke patients with an effective in-home rehabilitation therapy for improving hand problems.
Systematic node management mechanism using ZigBee-based real-time vital sign information monitoring system to manage large numbers of patients
Authors: Lin Ke-Feng , Lin Shih-Sung , Hung Min-Hsiung , Kuo Chung-Hsien , Chen Ping-Nan 
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND: Local hospitals must deal with large numbers of patients during mass casualty incidents, and the wireless sensor networks (WSNs) can help in these situations by monitoring vital signs. Conventional ZigBee nodes can obtain the ID of a device by assigning a unique 16-bit short address or by burning firmware into an IC. These methods tend to complicate node management and lack portability. OBJECTIVE: The study developed a node management mechanism to deal with a large number of patients in real-time, through the wireless monitoring of physiological signals. The mechanism proposed for the ZigBee WSN is based on a three-layer (Coordinator, Control Router, and End Device) tree topology. METHODS: The proposed system includes a node deployment process to formulate a ZigBee WSN as a tree topology, an algorithm to automatically number ZigBee nodes for monitoring and control system (MCS), and an algorithm to automatically obtain the short addresses of nodes for data collection. Specifically, an algorithm automatically collects data from ZigBee nodes for display on a computer graphical user interface (GUI). We also developed a reliable data transmission method capable of resolving the problem of packet loss. RESULTS: The proposed method has been applied in a local hospital. Our research findings provide a valuable reference for the development of ZigBee-based MCS. CONCLUSIONS: The proposed node management mechanism is faster, more reliable, and more intuitive to use, than traditional methods.
The Hermeneutic Profit of Annotation: On Preventing and Fostering Disagreement in Literary Analysis
Authors: Gius Evelyn , Jacke Janina 
Published: October 2017

Interpretation is widely regarded as the core activity of literary studies. Still, the appropriate balance between the plurality and the limitation of possible interpretations is a non-trivial issue. Whereas it is sensible to accept that literary texts can generally have various meanings, it should not be possible to attribute any kind of meaning to a text. Therefore, while interpreters must be allowed to disagree in their analyses, it must at the same time be possible to review whether a disagreement is actually based on adequate reasons like, for example, textual ambiguity or polyvalence. In this paper, we propose a best practice model as one effective means to review disagreement in accordance with literary studies principles. The model has been developed during the collaborative, computer-assisted annotation of literary texts in a project in which short stories have been analyzed narratologically. The examination of inconsistently annotated text passages revealed four types of reasons for disagreement: misinterpretations, deficient definitions of the categories of analysis, dependencies of the relevant categories on preliminary analyses, and textual ambiguity/polyvalence. We argue that only disagreements based on textual ambiguity are considered legitimate or valuable cases of disagreement, whereas the other three types of disagreement can be resolved in a systematic way.
Micrometer-sized Water Ice Particles for Planetary Science Experiments: Influence of Surface Structure on Collisional Properties
Authors: Gärtner S. , Gundlach B. , Headen T. F. , Ratte J. , J. Oesert  , Gorb S. N. , Youngs T. G. A. , Bowron D. T. , Blum J. , Fraser H. J. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Models and observations suggest that ice-particle aggregation at and beyond the snowline dominates the earliest stages of planet formation, which therefore is subject to many laboratory studies. However, the pressure–temperature gradients in protoplanetary disks mean that the ices are constantly processed, undergoing phase changes between different solid phases and the gas phase. Open questions remain as to whether the properties of the icy particles themselves dictate collision outcomes and therefore how effectively collision experiments reproduce conditions in protoplanetary environments. Previous experiments often yielded apparently contradictory results on collision outcomes, only agreeing in a temperature dependence setting in above ≈210 K. By exploiting the unique capabilities of the NIMROD neutron scattering instrument, we characterized the bulk and surface structure of icy particles used in collision experiments, and studied how these structures alter as a function of temperature at a constant pressure of around 30 mbar. Our icy grains, formed under liquid nitrogen, undergo changes in the crystalline ice-phase, sublimation, sintering and surface pre-melting as they are heated from 103 to 247 K. An increase in the thickness of the diffuse surface layer from ≈10 to ≈30 Å (≈2.5 to 12 bilayers) proves increased molecular mobility at temperatures above ≈210 K. Because none of the other changes tie-in with the temperature trends in collisional outcomes, we conclude that the surface pre-melting phenomenon plays a key role in collision experiments at these temperatures. Consequently, the pressure–temperature environment, may have a larger influence on collision outcomes than previously thought.