bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The reciprocal associations between identity disturbance, relationship disturbance, and suicidal ideation among Chinese adolescents: A three‐wave cross‐lag study
Authors: Ren Yaxuan , Zhang Xu , You Jianing , Jiang Yongqiang , Lin Min‐pei , Leung Freedom 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectiveAdolescence is a developmental period associated with a heightened risk for suicidal ideation. During this phase of life, individuals tend to focus on both intrapersonal self and interpersonal relationships. Thus, it is of much significance to understand the roles of intrapersonal and interpersonal factors in the development of suicidal ideation among adolescents. The present study examined the reciprocal associations between identity disturbance, relationship disturbance, and suicidal ideation by using a three‐wave cross‐lag model in a sample of adolescents.MethodA number of 3,600 Chinese adolescents (56.6% females, mean age = 14.58 years) completed questionnaires assessing the three main study variables as well as depressive symptoms, anxiety, and suicidal attempts three times at 6‐month intervals.ResultsAfter controlling for gender, age, depressive symptoms, anxiety, and suicidal attempts, relationship disturbance significantly predicted suicidal ideation over time, and vice versa. Suicidal ideation significantly predicted identity disturbance over time, but not vice versa. We also found the mediating effect of relationship disturbance in the path from identity disturbance to suicidal ideation.ConclusionThe results suggested the important role of previous relationship disturbance in predicting later suicidal ideation. Theoretical and clinical implications of these findings were discussed.
Enzymatic synthesis and structural characterization of methacryloyl‐D‐fructose‐ and methacryloyl‐D‐glucose‐based monomers and poly(methacryloyl‐D‐fructose)‐based hydrogels
Authors: Perin Giovanni Bortoloni , Felisberti Maria Isabel 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDCarbohydrates are important renewable raw materials and their modification by enzymatic reactions with polymerizable groups is of great importance due the possibility of production of polymers with properties for biomedical applications. In this study, D‐fructose‐ and D‐glucose‐based monomers were prepared by enzymatic reactions and structurally characterized. Moreover, hydrogels based on poly(methacryloyl‐D‐fructose) were also prepared and characterized.RESULTSThe conversions of 99% and 34% for D‐fructose and D‐glucose, respectively, were achieved using 2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl methacrylate as the methacrylic donor and commercial lipase Novozyme® 435 (EC 3.1.1.3) as enzymatic catalyst in t‐butanol. The molar ratios of D‐fructose and D‐glucose mono‐ and dimethacrylate were 57/43 and 87/13, respectively. These monomers are an isomeric mixture related to the tautomeric equilibrium of the carbohydrates in solution. Methacryloyl‐D‐fructose was polymerized in the presence of a controlled amount of ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate as crosslinker achieving hydrogels with different crosslinking densities which are mechanically stable when subject to compression–decompression cycles and have a high water swelling capability.CONCLUSIONThe combination of 2,2,2‐trifluoroethylmethacrylate and Novozym® 435 in a heterogeneous media lead to the continuous carbohydrate solubilization and reaction with the formation of carbohydrates‐based monomers. The control of the monomer functionality enables the synthesis of hydrogels with different crosslinking densities that tune their properties. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Analysis of winter rainfall change statistics over the Western Himalaya: the influence of internal variability and topography
Authors: Meher Jitendra Kumar , Das Lalu , Benestad Rasmus E. , Mezghani Abdelkader 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTThis study investigated a detailed picture of some statistical properties of winter rainfall on monthly and seasonal basis over the Western Himalaya (WH) using rain gauge station data during 1902–2005. Results showed a significant shift in the rainfall and rainy‐day pattern during 1960–1970 in most of the stations over the WH. State‐wise analysis indicated that Himachal Pradesh has received more rainfall (50%) and rainy day (∼57%) compared to the state of Uttarakhand. Station data revealed that past winter rainfall has changed in a periodic manner with averaged periodicity (epoch) of 20 years in which 1920–1940 was characterized by excess rainfall period while 1970–1990 was depicted as deficient rainfall period. Most of the rain gauge stations showed declining trends of rainfall and rainy days while the intensity of rainfall indicated increasing trends during the 1902–2005 period. Regional‐averaged winter rainfall and rainy day have shown a significant declining trend during 1902–2005. It was found that the rainfall trends are mainly arising due to internal variability although short‐term trends (signal) override the internal variability (noise) in some cases. Among five goodness‐of‐fit distribution, the generalized extreme value (GEV) has emerged as the best fit for the majority of the station locations. Estimated monthly assured rainfall at 75% probability level revealed a range of 100–150 mm, which will be useful for agricultural activities over WH region. The impact of topography on rainfall and rainy day indicated increasing trends up to a certain elevation (∼1356 m), thereafter they showed decreasing trends that has been described through a second‐order polynomial fit.
The role of monsoon low‐level jet in modulating heavy rainfall events
Authors: Xavier Anu , Kottayil Ajil , Mohanakumar K. , Xavier Prince K. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTMonsoon low‐level jet (MLLJ) is an important component of Asian summer monsoon circulation, which is responsible for large‐scale distribution and variability of rainfall over the Indian subcontinent. The evolution of MLLJ characteristics prior to heavy rainfall days and its changes which lead to instances of heavy rainfall over the south‐western coast of India are studied. The European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) re‐analysis data and India Meteorological Department (IMD) rainfall data during 1979–2007 were used for this study. It is found that the MLLJ core speed, westerly wind depth, zonal water vapour flux, horizontal wind shear and cyclonic vorticity show a steady increase towards the day of heavy rainfall and gradually decrease thereafter. The intensification of these parameters not only brings in abundant moisture but also triggers convection, thereby resulting in the formation of heavy rainfall during monsoon season. The large‐scale advection of moisture brought about by strengthening of MLLJ is shown to be a prerequisite for heavy rainfall over the Indian subcontinent. An interesting result of this study is that heavy rainfall days may have some predictability by continuous monitoring of the progression of MLLJ.
Psychometric Qualities and Measurement Invariance of the Modified Self‐Rated Creativity Scale
Authors: Tan Chee‐Seng , Ong Anna Wen‐Huey 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe 13‐item self‐rated creativity scale (SRCS) initially developed for supervisory rating of employees’ creativity was modified by some researchers and used as a self‐report of creativity. However, it is not clear if the modified SRCS is psychometrically sound. The present study addressed this gap in three studies (N = 1,033). The exploratory factor analysis (Study 1) revealed a two‐factor solution after removing Item 9 due to low factor loading. Confirmatory factor analysis was then used in Study 2 to examine and compare the conceptual one‐factor model with 13 items (Model 1), one‐factor model with 12 items (Model 2), two‐factor model with 12 items (Model 3), and the 12‐item bifactor model with one general factor and two specific factors (Model 4). The results indicated that Model 4 is more superior to all the competing models. Study 3 further confirmed that the bifactor model, showed support to the reliability and convergent validity, and found partial metric invariance across Chinese and Malay undergraduates. Taken together, the modified (12‐item) SRCS is a psychometrically sound tool for self‐rated creativity in the Malaysian context.
Sweet cherry softening accompanied with moisture migration and loss during low‐temperature storage
Authors: Zhu Danshi , Liang Jieyu , Liu He , Cao Xuehui , Ge Yonghong , Li Jianrong 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDHardness is one of the important qualities influencing consumer appeal and marketing of fresh sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.). Moisture loss is one of the main causative factors of cherry softening. In this work, moisture loss and softening process of sweet cherry during postharvest storage at 0 and 4 °C were studied. In addition, low‐field 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (LF‐NMR) was used to analyze water distribution and migration in sweet cherry during storage at 4 °C.RESULTSMoisture content correlated significantly (p < 0.01) with both skin and flesh hardness of cherry fruit at the two storage temperatures. According to the transverse relaxation curve, relaxation time, as T21 (0.01–10 ms), T22 (10–150 ms), and T23 (150–1000 ms) were ascribed to cell wall protons, cytoplasmic water, and vacuolar water respectively. Contents of cytoplasmic (p < 0.05) and vacuolar water (p < 0.01) changed significantly with storage time. Magnetic resonance imaging results illustrated that water distributes uniformly in fresh tissue. With prolonged storage time, free water content increased gradually, and then internal damage occurred.CONCLUSIONSweet cherry softening closely correlated with moisture loss during low‐temperature storage. LF‐NMR is a useful technique to investigate moisture migration of fruits and vegetables. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Increased nutrients from aeolian‐dust and riverine origin decrease the CO2‐sink capacity of coastal South Atlantic waters under UVR exposure
Authors: Cabrerizo Marco J. , Carrillo Presentación , Villafañe Virginia E. , Medina‐Sánchez Juan Manuel , Helbling E. Walter 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIncreases in ultraviolet radiation (UVR) levels due to the ongoing stratification of water bodies and higher nutrient concentrations either through riverine or aeolian‐dust‐inputs are expected in the near future in coastal surface waters. Here, we combined remote‐sensing data of particulate organic carbon (POC; 1997–2016 period), observational data of solar radiation (1999–2015 period), and a mid‐term experimental approach with coastal plankton communities from South Atlantic Ocean (SAO) to test how the interaction between increased nutrients by riverine and aeolian‐dust inputs and high UVR may alter the community dynamics and the CO2 sink capacity of these ecosystems in the future. Our results show a decline ∼ 27% in the sink capacity of the coastal ecosystems regardless of the nutrient source considered and under high UVR levels. This decreased CO2 uptake was coupled with a high dynamic photoinhibition and dark recovery of photosystem II and shifts in the community structure toward the dominance by nano‐flagellates. Moreover, remote‐sensing data also evidences an incipient tipping point with decreasing POC values in this area over the annual planktonic succession. Therefore, we propose that to continue this climate and human‐mediated pressure, these metabolic responses could be strengthened and extended to other productive coastal areas.
New n‐Type Solution Processable All Conjugated Polymer Network: Synthesis, Optoelectronic Characterization, and Application in Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Bildirir Hakan , Di Carlo Rasi Dario , Wienk Martijn M. , Janssen René A. J. , Avgeropoulos Apostolos , Gregoriou Vasilis G. , Allard Sybille , Scherf Ullrich , Chochos Christos L. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe efficient synthesis of a new solution‐processable n‐type conjugated polymer network (PNT1) is reported through palladium‐catalyzed Stille cross‐coupling reaction conditions following the A3 + B2 synthetic approach. A benzo[1,2‐b:3,4‐b′:5,6‐b″]trithiophene derivative is used as the A3 knot and an alkyl functionalized naphthalenediimide is utilized as the B2 linker. The thermal, optical, and electrochemical properties are examined in detail, showing high thermal stability, absorbance in the visible part of the solar spectrum, and reversible reduction characteristics similar to those of the fullerene derivative [6,6]‐phenyl‐C71‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM). PNT1 is employed as the electron acceptor in solution‐processed bulk heterojunction organic solar cells, demonstrating the potential of this new type of materials for optoelectronic applications.
Calix[4]arene‐Based Dynamic Covalent Gels: Marriage of Robustness, Responsiveness, and Self‐Healing
Authors: Yang Hui , Tang Jiaqi , Shang Congdi , Miao Rong , Zhang Shaofei , Liu Kaiqiang , Fang Yu 
Published: December 2017

AbstractHerein, the report on a new class of self‐healing and pH/temperature responsive mixed solvent (ethanol and water) gels shows unusual mechanical properties to resist slicing, sustain high compression, and withstand stretching as evidenced by the cutting breaking stress, the fracture compressive stress, and the stretching ratio of one of the gels as obtained can reach or exceed 26.4 MPa, 9.2 MPa, and ≈5 times, respectively. The gels are designed by introducing dynamic covalent bond, acylhydrazone, which is believed to combine the merits of conventional chemical bonds and those of supramolecular interactions. Specifically, a hydrazide‐modified calix[4]arene derivative and linear benzaldehyde‐terminated poly(ethylene glycol)s are synthesized and used as reactive components to build gel networks. Interestingly, acid‐degradable hydrogel can be obtained via natural drying of the mixed solvent gel first and then swelling in pure water.
Short pulse width in subthalamic stimulation in Parkinson's disease: a randomized, double‐blind study
Authors: Bouthour Walid , Wegrzyk Jennifer , Momjian Shahan , Péron Julie , Fleury Vanessa , Tomkova Chaoui Emilie , Horvath Judit , Boëx Colette , Lüscher Christian , Burkhard Pierre R. , Krack Paul , Zacharia André 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackground: We investigated the acute effect of short pulse widths on the therapeutic window in subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease.Methods: We assessed 10 PD patients with STN‐DBS at a 60‐µs pulse width. We randomly and double‐blindedly applied 10‐ to 50‐µs pulse widths. The principal outcome was the therapeutic window (difference between the amplitude thresholds for visible muscle contraction and for best rigidity control). The secondary outcome was the charge per pulse (which reflects the efficiency of the stimulation) needed to control rigidity. Two‐way analysis of variance and pairwise t tests were applied.Results: The therapeutic window widened when the pulse width shortened (r = −0.45; P < 0.001), and charge per pulse was reduced (P < 0.05).Conclusions: This randomized, double‐blind study showed that shorter pulse widths widen the therapeutic window of STN‐DBS in PD without increasing the electrical charge required to obtain the same acute clinical benefit. © 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Bioavailability of Glucoraphanin and Sulforaphane from High‐Glucoraphanin Broccoli
Authors: Sivapalan Tharsini , Melchini Antonietta , Saha Shikha , Needs Paul W. , Traka Maria H. , Tapp Henri , Dainty Jack R. , Mithen Richard F. 
Published: December 2017

ScopeBroccoli accumulates 4‐methylsulphinylbutyl glucosinolate (glucoraphanin) which is hydrolyzed to the isothiocyanate sulforaphane. Through the introgression of novel alleles of the Myb28 transcription factor from Brassica villosa, broccoli genotypes have been developed that have enhanced levels of glucoraphanin. This study seeks to quantify the exposure of human tissues to glucoraphanin and sulforaphane following consumption of broccoli with contrasting Myb28 genotypes.Methods and resultsTen participants are recruited into a three‐phase, double‐blinded, randomized crossover trial (NCT02300324), with each phase comprising consumption of 300 g of a soup made from broccoli of one of three Myb28 genotypes (Myb28B/B, Myb28B/V, Myb28V/V). Plant myrosinases are intentionally denatured during soup manufacture. Threefold and fivefold higher levels of sulforaphane occur in the circulation following consumption of Myb28V/B and Myb28V/V broccoli soups, respectively. The percentage of sulforaphane excreted in 24 h relative to the amount of glucoraphanin consumed varies among volunteers from 2 to 15%, but does not depend on the broccoli genotype.ConclusionThis is the first study to report the bioavailability of glucoraphanin and sulforaphane from soups made with novel broccoli varieties. The presence of one or two Myb28V alleles results in enhanced delivery of sulforaphane to the systemic circulation.
Nonvolitional assessment of tibialis anterior force and architecture during critical illness
Authors: Connolly Bronwen , Maddocks Matthew , MacBean Victoria , Bernal William , Hart Nicholas , Hopkins Philip , Rafferty Gerrard F 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Contemporaneous measures of muscle architecture and force have not previously been conducted during critical illness to examine their relationship with intensive care unit (ICU)‐acquired weakness. Methods: Ankle dorsiflexor muscle force (ADMF) with high‐frequency electrical peroneal nerve stimulation and skeletal muscle architecture via ultrasound were measured in 21 adult, critically ill patients, 16 at ICU admission. Results: Thirteen patients were measured on 2 occasions. Among these, 10 who were measured at ICU admission demonstrated muscle weakness. Despite significant reductions in tibialis anterior (Δ = −88.5 ± 78.8 mm2, P = 0.002) and rectus femoris (Δ = −126.1 ± 129.1 mm2, P = 0.006) cross‐sectional areas between occasions, ADMF did not change (100‐HZ ankle dorsiflexor force 9.8 [IQR, 8.0–14.4] kg vs. 8.6 (IQR, 6.7–19.2) kg, P = 0.9). Discussion: Muscle weakness was evident at ICU admission. No additional decrements were observed 7 days later despite significant reductions in muscle size. These data suggest that not all ICU weakness is truly “acquired” and questions our understanding of muscle function during critical illness. Muscle Nerve 57: 964–972, 2018
The optimal control of Axelrod's social norm game
Authors: Jaber Ahmed S. , Cojocaru Monica G. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryIn this paper, we study the well‐known Axelrod's social norm game using replicator dynamics and control theory. In general, a social norm game has 4 pure strategies: norm following and norm defecting, each of which branching further into punishing or not punishing others for defection, if observed. Our aim is to check whether by introducing a control parameter that mimics incentives for players who follow the norm, we observe changes in the dynamics of the strategy game, which maximize norm‐following strategies. We solve the control problem numerically and find that incentives and the capacity of individuals to observe others' defection both have an impact on the emergence of Nash equilibria in which norm following is dominant.
Assessing a composite end point for new tocolytics in clinical trials: Data from 4 US integrated delivery networks
Authors: Pimenta Jeanne M. , Brinkley Emma , Montague Timothy H. , Beach Kathleen J. , Mack Christina 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPurposeA composite end point (CE) measuring neonatal benefit was created for use in tocolytic randomized controlled trials with rates assessed using data from one referral hospital. The goal of this study was to assess wider generalizability of the CE, using data from multiple integrated delivery networks, creating a cohort of linked mother‐neonate pairs to understand neonatal outcomes in a broad population.MethodsRetrospective data on births (2001‐2012) were collected from 4 US integrated delivery networks in the COMparative effectiveness PAtient Safety and Surveillance (COMPASS) Research Network, and linked mother‐neonate pairs were identified. The CE was analyzed for all in‐hospital singleton neonates at ≥24 weeks of gestational age (GA) born to mothers aged ≤45 years at a referral hospital or hospital with >2000 annual births.ResultsThe CE analyses included 56 485 eligible mother‐neonate pairs; frequency of the CE decreased from 89% to 66% between GA weeks 24 and 29 and further decreased to <14% for infants born >34 weeks of GA. Composite end point rates were 20% to 30% lower at 24 to 30 weeks of GA in COMPASS compared with Medical University of South Carolina but were similar by 31 weeks.ConclusionsThe COMPASS Network enabled evaluation of the CE across a large population demonstrating that the CE findings could be replicated beyond a single hospital and the potential for lower CE frequency. Based on this, an adaptive design was adopted for randomized controlled trials, specifically sample size reestimation to mitigate against the risk of lower outcome rates, highlighting the use of real‐world data in drug development.
Short‐ and long‐distance moves of young adults during the transition to adulthood in Britain
Authors: Pelikh Alina , Kulu Hill 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis paper examines spatial mobility of young adults in England and Wales in the 1990s and the 2000s. We investigate short‐ and long‐distance moves of young people by cohort and gender adjusted for individuals' socio‐economic characteristics and changes in other life domains. We study how much employment, partnership, and family changes explain variation in spatial mobility across birth cohorts and between males and females. We apply multistate event history analysis to data from the British Household Panel Survey. We move beyond a single‐event approach and analyse moving trajectories of young adults. The results show that the youngest cohort (born in 1985–1990) leaves the parental home later than the two older cohorts (born in 1974–1979 and 1980–1984), but once they leave the parental nest, they exhibit elevated levels of spatial mobility. We find that females leave the parental home earlier than males; however, there are no gender differences in the levels of higher order moves. By contrast, socio‐economic differences in spatial mobility are persistent; young people from advantaged backgrounds are spatially more mobile than those who come from disadvantaged families. Changes in educational enrolment and level, partnership status, and economic activity explain only little of the differences in spatial mobility across cohorts and between males and females suggesting also the importance of other motives behind the moves. The results are similar for short‐ and long‐distance moves, although the risk levels are higher for the former.