bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of a secondary 16-day planetary wave generation through nonlinear interactions in the atmosphere
Authors: Didenko Kseniia A. , Koval Andrey V. , Ermakova Tatiana S. , Sokolov Arsenii V. , Toptunova Olga N. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractUsing a nonlinear model of the general circulation of the middle and upper atmosphere (MUAM), spatio-temporal structures of planetary waves (PWs) during boreal winter were studied. Modeling of global atmospheric circulation was performed for January–February. Despite the tropospheric PW sources shaped in the model, the phenomenon of 16-day PW excitation arise out of internal atmospheric sources in the southern lower thermosphere was discovered. To explain the observed phenomenon, a number of numerical experiments were carried out according to different scenarios with a selective turning (on/off) tropospheric sources of PW individual modes (having periods of 4–16 days) in the model. Also, the evolution of perturbed potential enstrophy for a 16-day PW, as well as the contribution of nonlinear interactions between individual PW to it, was studied. This made it possible for the first time to demonstrate explicitly the process of generation a secondary 16-day PW as a result of the nonlinear interconnection of 4-day and 5-day PWs.
Graphical Abstract
Linking the spatiotemporal distribution of static stress drops to source faults in a fluid-driven earthquake swarm, northeastern Noto Peninsula, central Japan
Authors: Fukuoka Mitsuteru , Hiramatsu Yoshihiro , Yamada Takuji 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe investigated stress drops during an earthquake swarm in northeastern Noto Peninsula, central Japan, which is characterized by ongoing seismic activity in four clusters. We focused on the spatiotemporal distribution of the static stress drop and its relationship with the source faults of the earthquake swarm. Employing the empirical Green’s function method, we estimated static stress drops for 90 earthquakes of MJMA 3.0–5.4. We obtained logarithmic mean stress drops of 13 MPa and 19 MPa from P-wave and S-wave analyses, respectively, which were typical values for crustal earthquakes. We comprehensively analyzed the spatiotemporal distribution of static stress drops in the northern cluster due to the abundance of available data and clarity of fault structures there. We observed larger static stress drops for earthquakes along shallow portions of the source faults, as defined by the hypocentral distribution during a given period. Conversely, we observed smaller static stress drops for earthquakes at medial parts along the faults. These results suggest higher fault strength at shallower parts along the faults and reduced fault strength at medial parts. We attribute the high fault strength at shallow parts to low pore fluid pressure after only limited fluid diffusion near the fault terminus. In contrast, we attribute the reduction in fault strength at medial parts to high pore fluid pressure within the fault following penetration by migrating fluids.
Graphical Abstract
Effects of single housing on behavior, corticosterone level and body weight in male and female mice
Authors: Smolensky Ilya , Zajac-Bakri Kilian , Mallien Anne Stephanie , Gass Peter , Guzman Raphael , Inta Dragos 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Experimental mice are often single-housed either for an individual analysis (feeding behavior, imaging, calorimetry) or as a stress paradigm (social isolation) in translational biomedical research. Reports of the influence of single housing in rodents are conflicting and may depend on age and duration of isolation. Sex is often not included as a factor. In this study we investigated the effects of 4-week single housing in male and female mice on behavior, body weight, and serum corticosterone levels.

Results
Behavioral tests showed no effect on anhedonia and stress coping, anxiety and motor exploration. Social avoidance occurred in both males and females. Regarding physiological effects, single housing did not induce changes in serum corticosterone levels, but reduced body weight gain.

Conclusions
While some mouse studies of chronic social isolation reported depression-related disturbances, our data suggest that single housing might be not necessarily be too stressful. This is important for animal welfare regulations and experiments in life science research.
Establishing NIH Community Implementation Programs to improve maternal health
Authors: Plevock Haase Karen M. , Price Candice A. , Wei Gina S. , Goldberg Ilana G. , Ampey Bryan C. , Huff Erynn A. , Durkin Kimberly R. , Blair Ashley E. , Fabiyi Camille A. , Highsmith Keisher S. , Wong Melissa S. , Clark David , Mensah George A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe United States has seen increasing trends of maternal mortality in recent years. Within this health crisis there are large disparities whereby underserved and minoritized populations are bearing a larger burden of maternal morbidity and mortality. While new interventions to improve maternal health are being developed, there are opportunities for greater integration of existing evidence-based interventions into routine practice, especially for underserved populations, including those residing in maternity care deserts. In fact, over 80 percent of maternal deaths are preventable with currently available interventions. To spur equitable implementation of existing interventions, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute launched the Maternal-Health Community Implementation Program (MH-CIP) in 2021. In 2023, the National Institutes of Health’s Implementing a Maternal health and PRegnancy Outcomes Vision for Everyone (IMPROVE) initiative partnered with the NHLBI to launch the IMPROVE Community Implementation Program (IMPROVE-CIP). By design, CIPs engage disproportionately impacted communities and partner with academic researchers to conduct implementation research. This commentary overviews the impetus for creating these programs, program goals, structure, and offers a high-level overview of the research currently supported. Lastly, the potential outcomes of these programs are contextualized within the landscape of maternal health initiatives in the United States.
Characterization and potential application of microspheres from sodium alginate cross-linked with pectin from Citrus depressa Hayata’s peels
Authors: Wei-Jyun Chien , Dinesh Chandra Agrawal , Saprini Hamdiani , Saroj Adhikari , Saputri Dinar Suksmayu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Pectin from Taiwan Citrus depressa Hayata’s peels (CDH pectin) and sodium alginate (Na alginate) were mixed in neutral acidity to produce microhydrogel beads or microspheres. The potential use of the microspheres such as encapsulation materials for quercetin and nobiletin, DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging activity, toxic elements absorption ability, and thermal characteristics were explored.

Results
Different ratios of CDH pectin and Na alginate produced microspheres of varying sizes and shapes. The highest yield (47.59%) with the broadest diameter was obtained at a Na alginate—CDH pectin ratio of 2:1, while the smallest yield was obtained from Na alginate—CDH pectin ratio of 1:3 (24.13%). Increasing the amount of Na alginate resulted in more spherical microspheres, higher heavy metals (cobalt and nickel) removal rates, yet a lower swelling ratio. A high pectin concentration also increased the encapsulation efficiency of quercetin and nobiletin, reaching 91.5% and 86.74%, respectively. Quercetin and nobiletin release analysis (in vitro) showed a slow release of drugs from the microspheres. Less than 20% quercetin and nobiletin were released from the microspheres in SGF (simulated gastric fluid) pH 1.2 solution after 2 h and more than 40% of the encapsulated drug was released in SIF (simulated intestinal fluid) pH 6.8 after 4 h. The strong DPPH scavenging activity of quercetin (99%) was not hindered by encapsulation materials. ICP-OES (inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry) analysis demonstrated that the biopolymer can absorb cobalt and nickel from water. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) result showed that the combination of CDH pectin and Na alginate produced a biopolymer that exhibited a weight loss of only 1.86–4.33% at 100 °C.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that microspheres produced from CDH pectin cross-linked with sodium alginate had potential in nobiletin and quercetin encapsulation. Moreover, the polymer could absorb heavy metals and exhibit an important characteristic for hot food and beverage packaging applications.
An evaluation of a Browse-aid at the doorsteps of (agro)pastoralists to improve consumption of in situ browses and shrubs and prevent animal deaths during droughts
Authors: Makkar Harinder , Bekele Abay , Mulugeta Yosef Seyoum , Adamu Andinet , Asfaw Redwan Getachew , Bekele Wesinew Adugna , Warfa Abdinur Ali , Wayessa Degefa , Belay Merkeb , Regassa Genene 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Thousands of animals die in Ethiopia during droughts due to unavailability of feed. Large amounts of browses are available during droughts, which animals do not consume because of the presence of tannins. The hypothesis of the study was that the provision of small amounts of Browse-aid (polyethylene glycol-4000) to animals at farmers’ doorsteps would increase browse consumption and body weight gain, and prevent deaths during droughts.

Methods
A field study was conducted at two sites in Ethiopia to assess the dietary inclusion of the Browse-aid (daily 5 g and 10 g for shoats; and 15 g and 30 g for cattle) to farmers’ sheep, goats and cattle in areas devoid of grasses during a very dry spell.

Results
Inclusion of the Browse-aid to sheep and goats significantly increased the percent body weight gain, and improved the body condition score, skin coat appearance and shine in eyes when compared with those of animals not given the Browse-aid. Similar results were observed in cattle. The foraging frequency of the animals also increased. Nutrient availability to the animals from the increased consumption of browses also increased. Furthermore, the body condition scores of the animals given the Browse-aid were greater than those of the animals that did not participate in the trial but were grazing in the same area.

Conclusion
Browse-aid made a positive impact on the production of animals during periods of severe feed scarcity. This strategy of providing the Browse-aid (daily 5 g for sheep and goats, and 15 g for cattle) to animals during droughts is highly cost effective; additionally, compared with currently used feeding strategies, the cost in late 2023 was 60% and 90% lower for sheep and goats, and cattle respectively to prevent animals from dying during droughts. A large number of animals can be prevented from dying during droughts, at a much-reduced cost by the dietary inclusion of a small amount of the Browse-aid. The implications of the study are not restricted to Ethiopia but extend to countries in the Horn of Africa. This is the first study that has investigated the effect of the Browse-aid at the farmers’ doorsteps in the field.
Analysis of wheat traits that determine female farmers’ preferences for wheat varieties: Gender insight from southern tigray, ethiopia
Authors: Kebede Sinkie Alemu , Tariku Getasew Daru 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Wheat productivity has been constrained by changing agroecological and socio-economic conditions, coupled with a lower uptake of new farm technologies. Gender difference is one major social category that needs systematic estimation to distinguish the adoption of technology and the preference between male and female farmers. Hence, this study analyzes wheat traits that determine female farmers’ preferences for wheat varieties in southern Tigray, Ethiopia.

Methods
The primary data was collected by using semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews from 169 female farmers who were selected by using a two-stage sampling procedure. This study used descriptive statistics and a multinomial logit model to estimate the wheat traits that determine the wheat variety preference of female farmers.

Result
The result obtained from descriptive statistics shows the existence of heterogeneity in trait preference of female farmers among bread wheat, durum wheat, and local wheat variety types. The result indicates that risk-averting traits were the most frequently selected traits for both wheat types. Furthermore, the result of multinomial logit model indicates that wheat variety traits such as yield difference, marketability, resistance to drought, and resistance to frost and disease significantly influenced female farmers’ choice of wheat variety to grow.

Conclusion
This study aims to fill the current knowledge gaps and tackle the significant issues faced by wheat-growing female farmers by examining the wheat traits that influence the wheat variety choice of these farmers. The finding scrutinized that even though the female farmers’ choices of wheat variety traits were heterogeneous, the majority of their decisions on the choice of wheat variety were primarily guided by risk-averting and yield traits. This evidence provides significant insight for developing gender-sensitive variety traits in crop breeding programs. Moreover, the findings significantly help policymakers, input suppliers, breeding programs, and extension workers to become more gender-responsive, to increase the productivity of wheat-growing female farmers.
Serological evidence of antibodies to Flaviviridae in wild birds in Portugal
Authors: Loureiro Filipa , Cardoso Luís , Matos Ana C. , Pintado Cristina , Silva Filipe , Ferreira Mariana , Brandão Ricardo , Lopes Carolina , Lopes Ana Patrícia , Mesquita João Rodrigo , Matos Manuela , Coelho Ana Cláudia 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEmerging infectious diseases are a major threat to biodiversity and an important public health issue. Flaviviruses are the cause of several emerging vector-borne zoonotic arboviruses whose distribution is currently increasing in Europe. The evidence that West Nile virus (WNV) circulates in resident and migratory species has implications for both animal and public health and should therefore be studied in depth. USUTU (USUV), Bagaza (BAGV) and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) are other viruses that are beginning to spread more widely. An integrated surveillance program, namely in birds, is essential for reducing the risk of infection in human populations within the One Health principles. In the present study, wild birds admitted to wildlife rehabilitation centers in Portugal were sampled. Two hundred eight blood samples were assayed serologically for antibodies to flaviviruses by using a commercial ELISA kit. An overall seroprevalence of 19.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 13.7–26.7%) was observed. Antibodies against flaviviruses were detected in 13 (35.1%) different species of wild birds. Accipitriformes (26.7%; 95% CI: 18.5–36.2%) and Strigiformes (26.7%; 95% CI: 14.6–42.0%) were the orders with the highest seroprevalence rates recorded. There were no statistically significant differences (p = 0.725) between the geographical regions (NUTS II) studied, but a statistically significant difference (p = 0.017) was found between sex (male: 34.4%; female: 4.8%). A higher seroprevalence was detected in adults (32.1%) than in juvenile birds (9.3%) (p = 0.014), and age was considered a risk factor for flavivirus infection in wild birds (odds ratio 1.4; 95% CI: 0.5–4.0). More epidemiological studies are needed in Portugal since the actual spread of the genus Flavivirus throughout the country is unknown.
Surveillance-Associated Anxiety After Curative-Intent Cancer Surgery: A Systematic Review
Authors: Khatri Rakhsha , Quinn Patrick L. , Wells-Di Gregorio Sharla , Pawlik Timothy M. , Cloyd Jordan M. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Regular surveillance imaging is commonly used after curative-intent resection of most solid-organ cancers to enable prompt diagnosis and management of recurrent disease. Given the fear of cancer recurrence, surveillance may lead to distress and anxiety (“scanxiety”) but its frequency, severity, and management among cancer survivors are poorly understood.

Methods
A systematic review of the PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases was conducted to evaluate existing literature on anxiety and emotional experiences associated with surveillance after curative-intent cancer surgery as well as interventions aimed at reducing scanxiety.

Results
Across the 22 included studies encompassing 8693 patients, reported rates of scanxiety varied significantly, but tended to decrease as time elapsed after surgery. Qualitative studies showed that scanxiety arises from various factors innate to the surveillance experience and is most prevalent in the scan-to-results waiting period. Common risk factors for scanxiety included sociodemographic and cancer-related characteristics, low coping self-efficacy, pre-existing anxiety, and low patient well-being. Conversely, reassurance was a positive aspect of surveillance reported in several studies. Trials evaluating the impact of interventions all focused on modifying the surveillance regimen compared with usual care, but none led to reduced rates of scanxiety.

Conclusions
Although scanxiety is nearly universal across multiple cancer types and patient populations, it is transient and generally limited in severity. Because existing trials evaluating interventions to reduce scanxiety have not identified effective strategies to date, future research is needed to identify interventions aimed at reducing their impact on high-risk individuals.
The role of flozins in managing cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes - narrative review
Authors: Bednarczyk Paulina , Chodak Izabella , Chodak Weronika , Czyczerska Magdalena , Klimek Martyna , Lechowski Sebastian 
Published: September 2024

Introduction. Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The emergence of flozins, a class of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors, has introduced a novel therapeutic avenue with potential cardiovascular benefits beyond glycemic control.
Objective. This review aims to synthesize current evidence on the role of flozins in managing cardiovascular risk among patients with T2DM, examining their efficacy, safety profile, and mechanisms of action.
Review methods. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using databases, covering studies published between 2015 and 2024. Clinical trials, meta-analyses, and observational studies evaluating the cardiovascular outcomes associated with flozins in T2DM patients were included.
Brief description of the state of knowledge. Research shows that flozins improve glycemic control and provide significant cardiovascular protection, reducing major adverse cardiovascular events, heart failure hospitalizations, and cardiovascular mortality in T2DM patients. These benefits are likely due to hemodynamic changes, enhanced cardiac function, and reduced inflammation and oxidative stress.
Summary. Flozins represent a promising therapeutic option for reducing cardiovascular risk in T2DM patients. Their dual benefits on both metabolic and cardiovascular health position them as a cornerstone in the management of T2DM. Further research is needed to fully elucidate their long-term benefits and safety in diverse patient populations.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome - current state of knowledge
Authors: Opala Dominika , Staszczyk Izabela , Szczotka Dominika , Osuch Dobromiła , Drabik Aleksandra , Szemplińska Antonina , Błachnio Klaudia , Anderska Agnieszka 
Published: September 2024

Introduction and objective: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gastroenterological disorder affecting 9% to 23% of the population worldwide. The disease causes recurrent abdominal pain and abnormal bowel movements without visible anatomical or biochemical changes and diagnosis is often difficult. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the current knowledge of the pathophysiology, risk factors, diagnosis and treatment of IBS.
Review methods: The literature available in the PubMed database was reviewed using the following key words: "irritable bowel syndrome," "constipation," "diarrhea", "abdominal pain", "diagnostics", "treatment". 49 articles were included in the review and 80% were from 2016-2024.
Current state of knowledge: The pathophysiology of IBS is not fully understood, but it is recognized that the disease is a disorder of the gut-brain axis. It can lead to abnormal secretion of serotonin and dopamine, which affects symptoms. The diagnosis of IBS is based on the Rome IV Criteria, defining the characteristics and severity of symptoms.
Summary: IBS is a disorder that significantly affects quality of life. Diagnosis is based on the exclusion of organic diseases and meeting certain criteria. Treatment includes both dietary modification and pharmacotherapy aimed at relieving symptoms. Despite advances in research, the pathophysiology of IBS is still not fully understood, making it difficult to develop effective treatments.
High Unbound Fraction of Valproic Acid in a Hypoalbuminemic Critically III Patient on Renal Replacement Therapy
Authors: Maat Monique MR de , Leeuwen Henk J van , Edelbroek Peter M 
Published: September 2024

Objective: To describe a hypoalbuminemic critically ill patient with subtherapeutic total valproic acid serum concentrations but unbound valproic acid concentrations within normal limits. Case Summary: During an intensive care unit admission, a 61-year-old woman with urosepsis and multiorgan dysfunction syndrome developed tonic-clonic seizures with respiratory failure, and tracheal intubation was performed. An intravenous loading dose of valproic acid 1500 mg (25 mg/kg) was administered and therapy was continued with valproic acid 750 mg (12.5 mg/kg) twice daily. Because of progressive renal failure, continuous venovenous hemofiltration was started on day 3 of valproic acid therapy. On day 7 of valproic acid therapy, routine testing of serum valproic acid trough concentration returned as undetectable. Subsequent determinations of trough serum concentrations of total valproic acid showed values below the therapeutic range. Data from a full pharmacokinetic curve (multiple blood samples during a dosing interval) showed that the free fraction of valproic acid was >60%. Although total valproic acid concentrations were still low, the unbound concentrations were considered therapeutic. Serum albumin was 1.2 g/dL on the multiple sampling day, Discussion: The patient's hypoalbuminemia probably explains the remarkably high free fraction of valproic acid. Our hypothesis is that the low albumin level was associated with high plasma clearance of valproic acid, leading to extremely low total drug concentrations. To our knowledge, this high percentage of free valproic acid has not been previously described. Conclusions: Healthcare professionals should be aware of the need of early determination of both total and free fraction valproic acid serum concentrations in hypoalbuminemic critically ill patients. Increasing the dose of valproic acid purely based on total valproic acid serum concentrations in this patient population should be avoided.