bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why is the Groundwater Level Rising? A Case Study Using HARTT to Simulate Groundwater Level Dynamic
Authors: Yihdego Yohannes , Danis Cara , Paffard Andrew 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT: Groundwater from a shallow unconfined aquifer at a site in coastal New South Wales has been causing recent water logging issues. A trend of rising groundwater level has been anecdotally observed over the last 10 years. It was not clear whether the changes in groundwater levels were solely natural variations within the groundwater system or whether human interference was driving the level up. Time series topographic images revealed significant surrounding land use changes and human modification to the environment of the groundwater catchment. A statistical model utilising HARTT (multiple linear regression hydrograph analysis method) simulated the groundwater level dynamics at five key monitoring locations and successfully showed a trend of rising groundwater level. Utilising hydrogeological input from field investigations, the model successfully simulated the rise in the water table over time to the present day levels, whilst taking into consideration rainfall and land changes. The underlying geological/land conditions were found to be just as significant as the impact of climate variation. The correlation coefficient for the monitoring bores (MB), excluding MB4, show that the groundwater level fluctuation can be explained by the climate variable (rainfall) with the lag time between the atypical rainfall and groundwater level ranging from 4 to 7 months. The low R2 value for MB4 indicates that there are factors missing in the model which are primarily related to human interference. The elevated groundwater levels in the affected area are the result of long term cumulative land use changes, instigated by humans, which have directly resulted in detrimental changes to the groundwater aquifer properties.
Optimalisasi Potensi Alam sebagai Scientific Problem Orientation untuk Mewujudkan Pembelajaran IPA yang Bermakna
Authors: Widowati Asri , Wibowo Widodo Setyo , Anjarsari Putri 
Published: March 2017

Kegiatan PPM ini ditujukan untuk: (1) Membekali keterampilan scientific problem orientation (merumuskan persoalan dan merancang pemecahannya) berdasarkan gejala alam; (2) Mengemas pemanfaaatan potensi alam dalam pembelajaran IPA; (3) Menghasilkan produk berupa hasil pemetaan potensi alam untuk pembelajaran IPA, hasil rancangan kegiatan pemecahan masalah secara ilmiah berdasarkan gejala alam, dan Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran IPA. Sasaran kegiatan adalah guru-guru IPA SMP di Kabupaten Magelang. Kegiatan disajikan dengan metode ceramah, demonstrasi, eksplorasi, workshop. Instrumen evaluasi berupa lembar penilaian produk peta sumber belajar dan produk rancangan kegiatan ilmiah serta Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP) IPA. Kegiatan PPM Optimalisasi Potensi Alam sebagai Scientific Problem Orientation dilaksanakan oleh tim pengabdi pada hari Sabtu dan Minggu di SMP N Mungkid. Peserta yang hadir sebanyak dua puluh enam orang guru anggota MGMP IPA SMP Kabupaten Magelang. Hasil pelatihan berupa produk hasil peta sumber belajar dengan memanfaatkan potensi alam, rancangan kegiatan ilmiah, dan RPP IPA. Hasil penilaian terhadap produk peta sumber belajar dengan memanfaatkan potensi alam menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar peserta (75%) sudah mampu memanfaatkan alam sebagai persoalan pembelajaran, dan juga sudah mampu melakukan scientific problem orientation (merumuskan persoalan dari alam beserta fenomenanya da merancang kegiatan ilmiah). Sebagian besar kelompok sudah mampu menyusun RPP IPA berpendekatan inkuiri.Kata kunci: IPA, alam, scientific problem orientation.
PELATIHAN PRAKTIKUM IPA SD BAGI GURU-GURU SD YANG BUKAN MEMILIKI LATAR BELAKANG IPA DI KABUPATEN BANTUL
Authors: Sari R. Yosi Aprian , Darmawan Denny , Warsono Warsono , Ariswan Ariswan 
Published: March 2017

Permasalahan pendidikan di Indonesia khususnya di Kabupaten Bantul salah satunya adalah kurang meratanya penyebaran guru-guru khususnya pada keahlian tertentu, misalkan guru IPA. Di satu sisi, ada tuntutan keprofesional guru-guru artinya guru adalah faktor penentu keberhasilan proses pembelajaran yang berkualitas, sehingga berhasil tidaknya pendidikan mencapai tujuan selalu dihubungkan dengan kiprah para guru. Oleh karena itu, usaha-usaha yang dilakukan dalam meningkatkan mutu pendidikan hendaknya dimulai dari peningkatan kualitas guru. Guru yang berkualitas diantaranya adalah mengetahui dan mengerti peran dan fungsinya dalam proses pembelajaran. Tapi disisi lain, guru dituntut untuk mengerti dan memahami sesuatu yang bukan latar belakangnya. Ironis memang ...Salah satu solusi terkait dengan permasalahan di atas, walaupun bukan solusi yang terbaik adalah memberikan pelatihan berupa praktikum IPA bagi guru-guru SD yang tidak memiliki latar belakang IPA. Bentuk praktikum ini menyesuaikan dengan jenis percobaan yang ada di SD, yaitu sederhana dan bisa dilakukan oleh siswa sendiri. Selain Ada 8 jenis percobaan yang dilakukan, 6 diantaranya bersesuaian dengan materi IPA SD dan sisanya cenderung bersifat edutainment berbasis pemanfaatan limbah.Evaluasi yang dilakukan selama kegiatan PPM ini terdiri dari 2 bentuk, yaitu evaluasi kinerja yang dilakukan oleh tim PPM dan evaluasi berupa kuisioner yang diisi oleh peserta guru-guru. Dari evaluasi kinerja, peserta yang guru-guru SD sangat antusias mengikuti kegiatan pelatihan ini dengan rata-rata nilai aktivitas 83,3 masuk dalam kategori baik. Sedangkan dari kuisioner yang diberikan oleh guru-guru, pelatihan sejenis sangat diperlukan untuk menambah pengalaman dan pengetahuan khususnya praktikum IPAKata kunci: pelatihan praktikum IPA, proses pembelajaran IPA
Practices and Problems during Menarche among Adolescent Girls in Sultanpur, Uttarpradesh, India
Authors: Ghimire Maushami , Ghimire Madhusudhan , Singh Anand Prakash 
Published: March 2017

Introduction: Menarche is a highly emotional experience for the young pubescent. The intensity of experience for the young pubescent is maximum at the time of menarche and depends on how well she is informed about menstruation and the type of support system around her. The subject of menstruation revolves around notion of dirt, taboos and restrictions in various spheres of a woman’s life. The objective of this study is to ascertain and compare practices and problems during menarche among adolescent girls in Sultanpur, Uttarpradesh (UP), India.

Methods: The comparative study was conducted in both urban (Civil Lines) and rural (Wallipur Village) areas in Sultanpur district of UP, India. A cross-sectional study was followed from August to November 2011. Two hundred adolescence girls were selected through simple random procedure. Interview schedule was used to collect information from respondents.

Results: The mean age of menarche among adolescence girls was 12.16 years. There was no statistical difference between rural and urban population with regard to knowledge about menstruation. Menstruation was taken as a disease by 20.6% and 23.7%. in each population. Use of sanitary pads was more in urban girls. Unhygienic practices like using no means of menstrual absorbent were more prevalent among rural girls.

Conclusion: Unhygienic practices during menstruation among adolescent girls was common in adolescent girls in rural population.
ANALISIS NIAT BELI ASURANSI JIWA PADA MAHASISWA: APLIKASI THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOR
Authors: Pratiwi Novie Astri , Hartoyo Hartoyo 
Published: March 2017

The decision making to buy the life insurance product can be determined by supported attitude for the intention. The purpose of this research was to analyze life insurance purchase intention of college students using the application of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). This research used cross sectional design and involved 250 college students who attended Personal Financial Management Course. Characteristics of college students were measured among three dimensions that were social demography characteristics, value, and financialknowledge. The results indicated that the most of students had high self-respect value score but low security value score. The level of financial knowledge, both subjective and objective measurement of knowledge, attitude toward life insurance product, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control were considered to be at good level. Further analysis indicates that life insurance purchase intention was significantly correlated with attitudes toward life insurance product (r=0,634; p<0,01), subjective norm (r=0,470; p<0,01), and perceived behavioral control (r=0,508; p<0,01). Life insurance purchase intention is influenced by the value of security and self-respect, subjective financial knowledge, and attitude toward life insurance product.
GAYA PENGASUHAN OTORITER DAN PERILAKU BULLYING DI SEKOLAH MENURUNKAN SELF-ESTEEM ANAK USIA SEKOLAH
Authors: Pratama Andriansyah Adha , Krisnatuti Diah , Hastuti Dwi 
Published: March 2017

This research was conducted to examine parenting style, bullying in school, and self-esteem of school-aged children; differences of these variables based on children sex; correlation among variables; and influence of family charactristics, children characteeristics, parenting style, and bullying in schools on self-esteem of schoolaged children. Particpants of this research were 100 students grade 4 and 5 of three public elementary schools; these schools were located in Ciracas Sub District, East Jakarta. Data were collected by self-report of participants. Data analysis used independent sample t-test, correlation test, and multiple regression analysis. The result showed that parenting styles had significant correlation with children sex. The boys tend to be raised with authoritarian parenting style; but the girls tend to be raised with authoritative parenting style. Based on the highest proportion, boys tend to bully others in school but girls tend to be victim of bullying. Authoritarian and victim of verbal bullying positive significantly influenced on decreasing of self-esteem. The result indicated that parents who conduct authoritarian style can cause decreasing self-esteem in school-aged children. The children who became victim of bullying in school also can decrease their self-esteem.
Ontogeny and the process of biomineralization in the trichomes of Loasaceae
Authors: Mustafa Adeel , Ensikat Hans‐Jürgen , Weigend Maximilian 
Published: March 2017

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:South American Loasaceae have a morphologically complex trichome cover, which is characterized by multiple biomineralization. The current study investigates the ontogeny of these complex trichomes and the process of their biomineralization, since both are very poorly understood.METHODS:The development of stinging trichomes on various parts of the plants and the process of mineralization were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy‐dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy (EDX).KEY RESULTS:Trichomes are initiated very early in organ development and the different trichome types begin developing their distinctive morphology at a very early developmental stage. Biomineralization in the stinging trichomes starts with the deposition of silica or calcium phosphate in the apex and then proceeds basipetally, with a more irregular, subsimultaneous mineralization of the base and the shaft. Mineralization of the scabrid‐glochidiate trichomes starts on the surface processes and in the apex (silica, calcium phosphate), with a subsequent mineralization of the shaft with calcium carbonate.CONCLUSION:Mineralized trichomes in Loasaceae provide an excellent model for the study of biomineralization. The overall sequence of mineralization is typically from distal and peripheral to proximal and central. Typically, three biominerals—silica, calcium carbonate, and calcium phosphate—are differentially and sequentially deposited in different parts of each unicellular stinging trichome.
A Modern Search for Wolf–Rayet Stars in the Magellanic Clouds. III. A Third Year of Discoveries*
Authors: Massey Philip , Neugent Kathryn F. , Morrell Nidia 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
For the past three years we have been conducting a survey for Wolf–Rayet (WR) stars in the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds (LMC, SMC). Our previous work resulted in the discovery of a new type of WR star in the LMC, which we are calling WN3/O3. These stars have the emission-line properties of a WN3 star (strong N v, but no N iv), plus the absorption-line properties of an O3 star (Balmer hydrogen plus Pickering He ii, but no He i). Yet, these stars are 15 times fainter than an O3 V star, ruling out the possibility that WN3/O3s are WN3+O3 binaries. Here we report the discovery of two more members of this class, bringing the total number of these objects to 10, 6.5% of the LMC’s total WR population. The optical spectra of nine of these WN3/O3s are virtually indistinguishable from each other, but one of the newly found stars is significantly different, showing a lower excitation emission and absorption spectrum (WN4/O4-ish). In addition, we have newly classified three unusual Of-type stars, including one with a strong C iii

line, and two rapidly rotating “Oef” stars. We also “rediscovered” a low mass X-ray binary, RX J0513.9-6951, and demonstrate its spectral variability. Finally, we discuss the spectra of 10 low priority WR candidates that turned out to not have He ii emission. These include both a Be star and a B[e] star.
An Evaluation of U.S. National Wildlife Refuge Planning for Off-Road Vehicle Use
Authors: Fischman Robert L. , Meretsky Vicky J. , Freeman Katie , Lamm Alexi , Missik Leah , Salmon Scott 
Published: March 2017

AbstractOff-road vehicles (hereafter, ORVs) rank high among public-land management challenges because they are popular, often impair environmental conditions, and may cause conflicts with other recreational users. Unit-level planning for federal lands increasingly translates broad, system-wide objectives, such as maintenance of ecological integrity, into place-based limitations on ORV use to minimize and mitigate adverse impacts on wildlife. We reviewed 176 planning documents covering 313 National Wildlife Refuges (hereafter, Refuges) to understand how planning supports or undermines ORV recreation management. These plans offer an important perspective on ORV management because the Refuges are a large, diverse system of conservation lands where recreation may be permitted only where it is compatible with wildlife protection. Of the plans we evaluated, 24% mentioned ORV use and 12% prescribed some action related to ORVs. The most common prescriptions banned ORV use or limited it to mobility-impaired hunters. Many plans lacked clarity or documentation of analysis in discussing ORV recreation. When analyses grouped ORV use with other activities, such as hunting or other modes of transportation, they often failed to consider the characteristic effects of ORV use. Regardless of how ORV use was categorized, evaluation of its effects seldom considered the full range of environmental impacts documented in the scientific literature. Published research recommends many best practices for managing ORV use and impacts. Though some are habitat specific, five general best-practice categories highlight where planning connects with and diverges from common recommendations. Other land management agencies offer helpful models for implementing these practices in planning. We suggest that public land managers employ tools from each of the five categories: policy formation and public participation, spatial and temporal route planning, permitting, monitoring, and enforcement. The plan prescriptions we examined were strongest in their efforts at route planning. Refuge prescriptions have the most room to improve in detailing how they can work with neighbors and external stakeholders in formulating ORV-use rules.
Distinct and Overlapping Functions of TEC Kinase and BTK in B Cell Receptor Signaling
Authors: de Bruijn Marjolein J. W. , Rip Jasper , van der Ploeg Esmee K. , van Greuningen Lars W. , Ta Van T. B. , Kil Laurens P. , Langerak Anton W. , Rimmelzwaan Guus F. , Ellmeier Wilfried , Hendriks Rudi W. , Corneth Odilia B. J. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The Tec tyrosine kinase is expressed in many cell types, including hematopoietic cells, and is a member of the Tec kinase family that also includes Btk. Although the role of Btk in B cells has been extensively studied, the role of Tec kinase in B cells remains largely unclear. It was previously shown that Tec kinase has the ability to partly compensate for loss of Btk activity in B cell differentiation, although the underlying mechanism is unknown. In this study, we confirm that Tec kinase is not essential for normal B cell development when Btk is present, but we also found that Tec-deficient mature B cells showed increased activation, proliferation, and survival upon BCR stimulation, even in the presence of Btk. Whereas Tec deficiency did not affect phosphorylation of phospholipase Cγ or Ca2+ influx, it was associated with significantly increased activation of the intracellular Akt/S6 kinase signaling pathway upon BCR and CD40 stimulation. The increased S6 kinase phosphorylation in Tec-deficient B cells was dependent on Btk kinase activity, as ibrutinib treatment restored pS6 to wild-type levels, although Btk protein and phosphorylation levels were comparable to controls. In Tec-deficient mice in vivo, B cell responses to model Ags and humoral immunity upon influenza infection were enhanced. Moreover, aged mice lacking Tec kinase developed a mild autoimmune phenotype. Taken together, these data indicate that in mature B cells, Tec and Btk may compete for activation of the Akt signaling pathway, whereby the activating capacity of Btk is limited by the presence of Tec kinase.
PPAR-α Activation Mediates Innate Host Defense through Induction of TFEB and Lipid Catabolism
Authors: Kim Yi Sak , Lee Hye-Mi , Kim Jin Kyung , Yang Chul-Su , Kim Tae Sung , Jung Mingyu , Jin Hyo Sun , Kim Sup , Jang Jichan , Oh Goo Taeg , Kim Jin-Man , Jo Eun-Kyeong 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The role of peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor α (PPAR-α) in innate host defense is largely unknown. In this study, we show that PPAR-α is essential for antimycobacterial responses via activation of transcription factor EB (TFEB) transcription and inhibition of lipid body formation. PPAR-α deficiency resulted in an increased bacterial load and exaggerated inflammatory responses during mycobacterial infection. PPAR-α agonists promoted autophagy, lysosomal biogenesis, phagosomal maturation, and antimicrobial defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis or M. bovis bacillus Calmette–Guérin. PPAR-α agonists regulated multiple genes involved in autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis, including Lamp2, Rab7, and Tfeb in bone marrow–derived macrophages. Silencing of TFEB reduced phagosomal maturation and antimicrobial responses, but increased macrophage inflammatory responses during mycobacterial infection. Moreover, PPAR-α activation promoted lipid catabolism and fatty acid β-oxidation in macrophages during mycobacterial infection. Taken together, our data indicate that PPAR-α mediates antimicrobial responses to mycobacterial infection by inducing TFEB and lipid catabolism.
The Cytokine Response to Lipopolysaccharide Does Not Predict the Host Response to Infection
Authors: Fensterheim Benjamin A. , Guo Yin , Sherwood Edward R. , Bohannon Julia K. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The magnitude of the LPS-elicited cytokine response is commonly used to assess immune function in critically ill patients. A suppressed response, known as endotoxin tolerance, is associated with worse outcomes, yet endotoxin tolerance-inducing TLR4 ligands are known to protect animals from infection. Thus, it remains unknown whether the magnitude of the LPS-elicited cytokine response provides an accurate assessment of antimicrobial immunity. To address this, the ability of diverse TLR ligands to modify the LPS-elicited cytokine response and resistance to infection were assessed. Priming of mice with LPS, monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA), or poly(I:C) significantly reduced plasma LPS–elicited proinflammatory cytokines, reflecting endotoxin tolerance, whereas CpG-ODN–primed mice showed augmented cytokine production. In contrast, LPS, MPLA, and CpG-ODN, but not poly(I:C), improved the host response to a Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Mice primed with protective TLR ligands, including CpG-ODN, showed reduced plasma cytokines during P. aeruginosa infection. The protection imparted by TLR ligands persisted for up to 15 d yet was independent of the adaptive immune system. In bone marrow–derived macrophages, protective TLR ligands induced a persistent metabolic phenotype characterized by elevated glycolysis and oxidative metabolism as well as augmented size, granularity, phagocytosis, and respiratory burst. Sustained augmentation of glycolysis in TLR-primed cells was dependent, in part, on hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α and was essential for increased phagocytosis. In conclusion, the magnitude of LPS-elicited cytokine production is not indicative of antimicrobial immunity after exposure to TLR ligands. Additionally, protective TLR ligands induce sustained augmentation of phagocyte metabolism and antimicrobial function.
Principles of Effective USA Federal Fire Management Plans
Authors: Meyer Marc D. , Roberts Susan L. , Wills Robin , Brooks Matthew , Winford Eric M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractFederal fire management plans are essential implementation guides for the management of wildland fire on federal lands. Recent changes in federal fire policy implementation guidance and fire science information suggest the need for substantial changes in federal fire management plans of the United States. Federal land management agencies are also undergoing land management planning efforts that will initiate revision of fire management plans across the country. Using the southern Sierra Nevada as a case study, we briefly describe the underlying framework of fire management plans, assess their consistency with guiding principles based on current science information and federal policy guidance, and provide recommendations for the development of future fire management plans. Based on our review, we recommend that future fire management plans be: (1) consistent and compatible, (2) collaborative, (3) clear and comprehensive, (4) spatially and temporally scalable, (5) informed by the best available science, and (6) flexible and adaptive. In addition, we identify and describe several strategic guides or “tools” that can enhance these core principles and benefit future fire management plans in the following areas: planning and prioritization, science integration, climate change adaptation, partnerships, monitoring, education and communication, and applied fire management. These principles and tools are essential to successfully realize fire management goals and objectives in a rapidly changing world.