bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary consequences of multidriver environmental change in an aquatic primary producer
Authors: Brennan Georgina L. , Colegrave Nick , Collins Sinéad 
Published: August 2017

Significance
Our understanding of how primary producers at the base of aquatic ecosystems respond to complex environmental change currently depends on studies using few environmental drivers, or scenarios where drivers covary. However, we lack a general understanding of evolution in multidriver environments. We evolve a microbial primary producer in 96 different multidriver environments and find that evolutionary responses in growth are largely driven by a few drivers but that the intensity of selection is, on average, higher in multidriver environments. Functional traits (cell size, chlorophyll content) often revert to ancestral values during adaptation in multidriver environments. This expands the framework for understanding how microbial primary producers evolve under global change and the potential ramifications for their function in aquatic ecosystems.
North–south polarization of European electricity consumption under future warming
Authors: Wenz Leonie , Levermann Anders , Auffhammer Maximilian 
Published: August 2017

SignificanceWe statistically analyze 2006–2012 high-frequency temperature and electricity load data from 35 European countries to compute climate change impacts on electricity demand until 2100. Extrapolating countries’ load responses to temperature beyond currently experienced climate, we find a future polarization of both peak load and electricity consumption in Europe. Specifically, while total European consumption remains constant under future warming, we project significant increases in the south, decreases in the north, and a shift of seasonal peak load from winter to summer for 19 countries. This changing spatial and temporal pattern of consumption and peak load has important implications for the build-out of transmission infrastructure, the construction of peak-generating capacity, and the design of energy-efficiency policy and storage capacity.
Dendritic transport of tick-borne flavivirus RNA by neuronal granules affects development of neurological disease
Authors: Hirano Minato , Muto Memi , Sakai Mizuki , Kondo Hirofumi , Kobayashi Shintaro , Kariwa Hiroaki , Yoshii Kentaro 
Published: August 2017

Significance
Flaviviruses represent a significant threat to public health worldwide, and several cause severe neurological disease in humans and animals. However, no specific treatment has been developed, due to the lack of information about their detailed pathogenic mechanisms. In the current study, we reveal that the transport of viral RNA of tick-borne flavivirus in neuronal dendrites is involved in the development of neurological disease. The virus hijacked the transport system of host mRNA in dendrites, which is important for neuronal functions such as neurogenesis and the plasticity of the synaptic communication. Our finding of this unique virus–host interaction will promote the study of neurodegenerative diseases caused by disruption of dendritic mRNA transport and the development of their treatment.
Neutral high-generation phosphorus dendrimers inhibit macrophage-mediated inflammatory response in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Posadas I. , Romero-Castillo L. , El Brahmi N. , Manzanares D. , Mignani S. , Majoral J.-P. , Ceña V. 
Published: August 2017

Significance
Inflammation is a relevant part of the physiological response of the immune system to fight infectious diseases. However, excessive inflammation can also participate in the pathogenesis of several diseases. To open new avenues to treat the negative aspects of inflammation, we have used biocompatible nanoparticles, neutrally charged G3-G4 phosphorus dendrimers, which are not toxic and have good solubility and chemical stability in aqueous solutions. These nanoparticles are very efficient, in vitro and in vivo, to tackle the inflammatory response produced by different agents. In addition, the high number of chemically modifiable terminal groups on the surface of these nanodevices opens the high possibility of incorporating into them specific therapeutic groups which provide multifunctional therapeutic abilities.
Direct single-molecule measurements of phycocyanobilin photophysics in monomeric C-phycocyanin
Authors: Squires Allison H. , Moerner W. E. 
Published: August 2017

Significance
The efficiency and adaptability of photosynthetic antenna systems in harvesting solar energy can be ultimately traced to their nanoscale organization. By monitoring the fluorescence emission from single photosynthetic antenna proteins in free solution over long timescales, we directly observed transitions among many distinct photophysical states exhibiting different flows of energy transfer among the embedded photosensitive pigments. We show that these states are well-described by a simple physical model, which allows us to identify and characterize the properties of individual chromophores and reveals surprising heterogeneity and quenching behavior that is not predicted by bulk studies.
Knots can impair protein degradation by ATP-dependent proteases
Authors: San Martín Álvaro , Rodriguez-Aliaga Piere , Molina José Alejandro , Martin Andreas , Bustamante Carlos , Baez Mauricio 
Published: August 2017

Significance
AAA+ proteases are ring-shaped machines with a central narrow pore used to translocate protein substrates into a proteolytic chamber. Knotted proteins, however, may block the narrow pore by formation of an incompressible tight knot. Here, we determined how the archetypal AAA+ ClpXP protease degrades a protein substrate containing a trefoil knot. A trefoil knot is degraded quickly by ClpXP but not when it is fused to GFP placed downstream of the knot. Specifically, ClpXP releases partially degraded products when a tight knot is buttressed against GFP. Furthermore, degradation of substrates harboring linkers of different lengths between the knot and GFP allowed us to explore the dynamics of knot tightening and sliding and to postulate a new biological role for knotted proteins.
Mechanisms of ovipositor insertion and steering of a parasitic wasp
Authors: Cerkvenik Uroš , van de Straat Bram , Gussekloo Sander W. S. , van Leeuwen Johan L. 
Published: August 2017

Significance
Using slender probes to drill through solids is challenging, but desirable, due to minimal disturbances of the substrate. Parasitic wasps drill into solid substrates and lay eggs in hosts hidden within using slender probes and are therefore a good model for studying mechanical challenges associated with this process. We show that wasps are able to probe in any direction with respect to their body orientation and use two methods of insertion. One of the methods implies a minimal net pushing force during drilling. Steering was achieved by adjusting the asymmetry of the probe’s distal end. Knowledge on probing mechanisms of wasps is important for the understanding of the hymenopteran evolution and for the development of minimally invasive steerable probes.
5-hydroxymethylcytosine accumulation in postmitotic neurons results in functional demethylation of expressed genes
Authors: Mellén Marian , Ayata Pinar , Heintz Nathaniel 
Published: August 2017

Significance
The main insight from this study is that the role of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) in postmitotic neurons is to sculpt the genome occupancy of the very abundant 5-methylcyctosine binding protein 2 (MeCP2). Accumulation of 5hmCG in transcribed genes replaces high-affinity 5mCG binding sites with low-affinity sites, decreasing MeCP2 occupancy over the transcription unit and removing its repressive effect. We refer to this role for 5hmCG as “functional demethylation” because its biochemical effect with respect to MeCP2 is equivalent to chemical demethylation: Loss of high-affinity sites for interaction in the genome. This concept reinforces the roles of 5hmC in demethylation in dividing cells by a mechanism that achieves the same goal without requiring cell division or DNA damage.
Esco1 and Esco2 regulate distinct cohesin functions during cell cycle progression
Authors: Alomer Reem M. , da Silva Eulália M. L. , Chen Jingrong , Piekarz Katarzyna M. , McDonald Katherine , Sansam Courtney G. , Sansam Christopher L. , Rankin Susannah 
Published: August 2017

Significance
Sister chromatids are tethered together by the cohesin complex from the time they are made until cell division. Acetylation of the Smc3 subunit of cohesin stabilizes its association with chromatin, and is critical for sister chromatid cohesion. In vertebrates, cohesin is acetylated by two related enzymes: Esco1 and Esco2. We show here that Esco1 is responsible for most Smc3 acetylation but has very little effect on sister cohesion. Esco1 is active throughout the cell cycle, while Esco2 modifies cohesin only during S phase, when sister chromatid cohesion is established. We propose that two distinct pathways regulate cohesin in vertebrates: one is dedicated to cohesion between sister chromatids, and one promotes other functions of cohesin, such as maintenance of chromosome structure.
Investment in secreted enzymes during nutrient-limited growth is utility dependent
Authors: Cezairliyan Brent , Ausubel Frederick M. 
Published: August 2017

Significance
Bacteria secrete enzymes into the environment to digest macromolecules into smaller molecules that can be used as nutrients for growth. Secreted enzymes have potential benefits but also entail costs in the form of biomass and energy. How do bacteria determine how much of them to make? Using a system in which nutrient acquisition requires production of secreted enzymes, we infer that bacteria produce secreted signals in proportion to the benefit they would receive from the action of secreted enzymes. Investment in secreted enzymes is adjusted according to the magnitude of those signals. Our model provides a framework that can be applied to bacterial growth in many environments from contaminated food to microbial communities within a host.
Generating gradient germanium nanostructures by shock-induced amorphization and crystallization
Authors: Zhao Shiteng , Kad Bimal , Wehrenberg Christopher E. , Remington Bruce A. , Hahn Eric N. , More Karren L. , Meyers Marc A. 
Published: August 2017

Significance
Amorphization and nanocrystallization are two powerful methods to tailor material properties by altering their microstructure without changing the overall chemistry. Using powerful laser-driven shocks, we demonstrate that amorphization and nanocrystallization can be achieved within a time scale that is considerably shorter than other conventional techniques. Our results provide compelling insights into pressure/shear amorphization and propose a route to fabricate gradient semiconducting nanostructures using lasers. Additionally, shear-driven amorphization is demonstrated as the dominant deformation mechanism in this extreme regime.
Global metabolic reprogramming of colorectal cancer occurs at adenoma stage and is induced by MYC
Authors: Satoh Kiyotoshi , Yachida Shinichi , Sugimoto Masahiro , Oshima Minoru , Nakagawa Toshitaka , Akamoto Shintaro , Tabata Sho , Saitoh Kaori , Kato Keiko , Sato Saya , Igarashi Kaori , Aizawa Yumi , Kajino-Sakamoto Rie , Kojima Yasushi , Fujishita Teruaki , Enomoto Ayame , Hirayama Akiyoshi , Ishikawa Takamasa , Taketo Makoto Mark , Kushida Yoshio , Haba Reiji , Okano Keiichi , Tomita Masaru , Suzuki Yasuyuki , Fukuda Shinji , Aoki Masahiro , Soga Tomoyoshi 
Published: August 2017

Significance
Metabolic reprogramming is one of the hallmarks of cancer. However, the underlying mechanisms that regulate cancer metabolism are poorly understood. Here we performed multiomics-based analysis of paired normal–tumor tissues from patients with colorectal cancer, which revealed that the protooncogene protein MYC regulated global metabolic reprogramming of colorectal cancer by modulating 215 metabolic reactions. Importantly, this metabolic reprogramming occurred in a manner not associated with specific gene mutations in colorectal carcinogenesis. For many years, small-molecule or biologic inhibitors of MYC have been required. Here we demonstrate that knockdown of MYC downstream pyrimidine synthesis genes contributes to the suppression of colorectal cancer cell proliferation similar to MYC, and thus pyrimidine synthesis pathways could be potential targets for colorectal cancer therapy.
tRNAs and proteins use the same import channel for translocation across the mitochondrial outer membrane of trypanosomes
Authors: Niemann Moritz , Harsman Anke , Mani Jan , Peikert Christian D. , Oeljeklaus Silke , Warscheid Bettina , Wagner Richard , Schneider André 
Published: August 2017

Significance
In most eukaryotes mitochondrial function requires not only import of proteins but also import of at least some tRNAs. Trypanosomes are extreme in that they lack mitochondrial tRNA genes, and therefore must import all of their mitochondrial tRNAs from the cytosol. Here we show that in trypanosomes both proteins and tRNAs use the same β-barrel protein pore to be translocated across the mitochondrial outer membrane. Moreover, we show that tRNA import can be uncoupled from protein import. Based on these results, we propose the “alternate import model,” in which tRNAs use the same outer membrane import pore as proteins but are imported as naked molecules. The model combines features of the previously proposed “coimport” and “direct import” models.
Developmental tasks and well‐being in adolescent elite athletes in comparison with recreational/non‐athletes
Authors: Ohlert Jeannine , Ott Ida 
Published: August 2017

AbstractYoung elite athletes (EA) have to solve the same developmental tasks (DTs) as non‐athletes, even though they spend a lot of time with their sports and have to solve certain sports‐related DTs in addition [Ohlert & Kleinert (2014). Entwicklungsaufgaben jugendlicher Elite‐Handballerinnen und –Handballer [Developmental tasks in adolescent elite handball players]. Zeitschrift für Sportpsychologie, 21(4), 161–172. doi:10.1026/1612‐5010/a000129]. The aim of this study was to find out if this situation leads to a shortfall in certain DTs and, furthermore, to a reduced well‐being in adolescent EA. In total, 185 EA participated in the survey together with 166 recreational/non‐athletes (RA). Participants were between 16 and 19 years old (69% female) and answered questions regarding the relevance of different DTs, their actual progression, satisfaction with their actual progression, and the WHO‐5 measure for well‐being. Compared to the RA group, the EA group reported a different relevance for some DTs. No significant differences were found between the two groups in progression or satisfaction with progression. The stepwise multiple regression resulted in two significant predictors for well‐being in EA: satisfaction with progression in the DTs “to find oneself” and “circle of friends”. For RA, the analysis revealed only satisfaction with progression in “circle of friends” as a significant predictor. Implications are that, at least for this age group, problems with DTs were not detected for the adolescent EA. However, if satisfaction with the own progression in certain DTs is low, well‐being will also be reduced.
A computable pathology report for precision medicine: extending an observables ontology unifying SNOMED CT and LOINC
Authors: Campbell Walter S , Karlsson Daniel , Vreeman Daniel J , Lazenby Audrey J , Talmon Geoffrey A , Campbell James R 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe College of American Pathologists (CAP) introduced the first cancer synoptic reporting protocols in 1998. However, the objective of a fully computable and machine-readable cancer synoptic report remains elusive due to insufficient definitional content in Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine – Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT) and Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC). To address this terminology gap, investigators at the University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC) are developing, authoring, and testing a SNOMED CT observable ontology to represent the data elements identified by the synoptic worksheets of CAP.MethodsInvestigators along with collaborators from the US National Library of Medicine, CAP, the International Health Terminology Standards Development Organization, and the UK Health and Social Care Information Centre analyzed and assessed required data elements for colorectal cancer and invasive breast cancer synoptic reporting. SNOMED CT concept expressions were developed at UNMC in the Nebraska Lexicon© SNOMED CT namespace. LOINC codes for each SNOMED CT expression were issued by the Regenstrief Institute. SNOMED CT concepts represented observation answer value sets.ResultsUNMC investigators created a total of 194 SNOMED CT observable entity concept definitions to represent required data elements for CAP colorectal and breast cancer synoptic worksheets, including biomarkers. Concepts were bound to colorectal and invasive breast cancer reports in the UNMC pathology system and successfully used to populate a UNMC biobank.DiscussionThe absence of a robust observables ontology represents a barrier to data capture and reuse in clinical areas founded upon observational information. Terminology developed in this project establishes the model to characterize pathology data for information exchange, public health, and research analytics.
Clustering of galaxies around AGNs in the HSC Wide survey
Authors: Shirasaki Yuji , Akiyama Masayuki , Nagao Tohru , Toba Yoshiki , He Wanqiu , Ohishi Masatoshi , Mizumoto Yoshihiko , Miyazaki Satoshi , Nishizawa Atsushi J , Usuda Tomonori 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
We have measured the clustering of galaxies around active galactic nuclei (AGNs) for which single-epoch virial masses of the super-massive black hole (SMBH) are available to investigate the relation between the large-scale environment of AGNs and the evolution of SMBHs. The AGN samples used in this work were derived from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) observations and the galaxy samples were from the 240 deg2 S15b data of the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program (HSC-SSP). The investigated redshift range is 0.6–3.0, and the masses of the SMBHs lie in the range 107.5–1010 M⊙. The absolute magnitude of the galaxy samples reaches to Mλ310 ∼ −18 at rest-frame wavelength 310 nm for the low-redshift end of the samples. More than 70% of the galaxies in the analysis are blue. We found a significant dependence of the cross-correlation length on redshift, which primarily reflects the brightness-dependence of the galaxy clustering. At the lowest redshifts the cross-correlation length increases from 7 h−1 Mpc around Mλ310 = −19 mag to &gt;10 h−1 Mpc beyond Mλ310 = −20 mag. No significant dependence of the cross-correlation length on BH mass was found for whole galaxy samples dominated by blue galaxies, while there was an indication of BH mass dependence in the cross-correlation with red galaxies. These results provides a picture of the environment of AGNs studied in this paper being enriched with blue star-forming galaxies, and a fraction of the galaxies are evolving into red galaxies along with the evolution of SMBHs in that system.
Effect of Bronchoconstriction-induced Ventilation–Perfusion Mismatch on Uptake and Elimination of Isoflurane and Desflurane
Authors: Kretzschmar Moritz , Kozian Alf , Baumgardner James E. , Borges Joao Batista , Hedenstierna Göran , Larsson Anders , Hachenberg Thomas , Schilling Thomas 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Background
Increasing numbers of patients with obstructive lung diseases need anesthesia for surgery. These conditions are associated with pulmonary ventilation/perfusion (VA/Q) mismatch affecting kinetics of volatile anesthetics. Pure shunt might delay uptake of less soluble anesthetic agents but other forms of VA/Q scatter have not yet been examined. Volatile anesthetics with higher blood solubility would be less affected by VA/Q mismatch. We therefore compared uptake and elimination of higher soluble isoflurane and less soluble desflurane in a piglet model.

Methods
Juvenile piglets (26.7 ± 1.5 kg) received either isoflurane (n = 7) or desflurane (n = 7). Arterial and mixed venous blood samples were obtained during wash-in and wash-out of volatile anesthetics before and during bronchoconstriction by methacholine inhalation (100 μg/ml). Total uptake and elimination were calculated based on partial pressure measurements by micropore membrane inlet mass spectrometry and literature-derived partition coefficients and assumed end-expired to arterial gradients to be negligible. VA/Q distribution was assessed by the multiple inert gas elimination technique.

Results
Before methacholine inhalation, isoflurane arterial partial pressures reached 90% of final plateau within 16 min and decreased to 10% after 28 min. By methacholine nebulization, arterial uptake and elimination delayed to 35 and 44 min. Desflurane needed 4 min during wash-in and 6 min during wash-out, but with bronchoconstriction 90% of both uptake and elimination was reached within 15 min.

Conclusions
Inhaled methacholine induced bronchoconstriction and inhomogeneous VA/Q distribution. Solubility of inhalational anesthetics significantly influenced pharmacokinetics: higher soluble isoflurane is less affected than fairly insoluble desflurane, indicating different uptake and elimination during bronchoconstriction.
Glucose Gel as a Treatment Strategy for Transient Neonatal Hypoglycemia
Authors: Newnam Katherine M. , Bunch Marissa 
Published: August 2017

Background:
Transient asymptomatic neonatal hypoglycemia (TANH) is common as infants transition from their mother's energy stores to their own. There is little evidence supporting the blood glucose threshold that indicates a need for treatment although sustained hypoglycemia has been correlated with negative neurodevelopmental consequences. Treatment of TANH includes a stepwise approach from supplemental enteral feedings, buccal glucose gel, intravenous dextrose infusion, and/or transfer to special care units including neonatal intensive care units.

Purpose:
The purpose of this evidence-based practice brief is to review current evidence on 40% buccal glucose gel administration as a treatment strategy for TANH.

Methods/Search Strategy:
CINAHL, Cochrane, Google Scholar, and PubMed were searched using the key words and restricted to English language over the last 7 years.

Findings/Results:
The use of buccal dextrose gel for TANH may reduce neonatal intensive care unit admissions, reduce hospital length of stay and cost, support the mother–infant dyad through reduced separation, support exclusive breastfeeding, and improve parental satisfaction without adverse neurodevelopmental consequences.

Implications for Practice:
Timely collection of blood glucose levels following intervention is critical to support clinical decisions. Clinicians should offer family education regarding the rationale for serial glucose monitoring and treatment indications including buccal glucose administration. Clinical protocols can be revised to include use of buccal dextrose gel.

Implications for Research:
There is a need for rigorous long-term studies comparing treatment thresholds and neurodevelopmental outcomes among various treatment strategies for TANH.