bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Exceptional Summer during the South Pole Race of 1911/12
Authors: Fogt Ryan L. , Jones Megan E. , Solomon Susan , Jones Julie M. , Goergens Chad A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe meteorological conditions during the Amundsen and Scott South Pole expeditions in 1911/12 are examined using a combination of observations collected during the expeditions as well as modern reanalysis and reconstructed pressure datasets. It is found that over much of this austral summer, pressures were exceptionally high (more than two standard deviations above the climatological mean) at both main bases, as well as along the sledging journeys, especially in December 1911. In conjunction with the anomalously high pressures, Amundsen and his crew experienced temperatures that peaked above –16°C on the polar plateau on 6 December 1911, which is extremely warm for this region. While Scott also encountered unusually warm conditions at this time, the above-average temperatures were accompanied by a wet snowstorm that slowed his progress across the Ross Ice Shelf. Although January 1912 was marked with slightly below-average temperatures and pressure, high temperatures and good conditions were observed in early February 1912, when Scott and his companions were at the top of the Beardmore Glacier. When compared to the anomalously cold temperatures experienced by the Scott polar party in late February and March 1912, the temperature change is in the top 3% based on more than 35 years of reanalysis data. Scott and his companions therefore faced an exceptional decrease in temperature when transiting to the Ross Ice Shelf in February and March 1912, which likely made the persistent cold spell they experienced on the Ross Ice Shelf seem even more intense by comparison.
An Identification of the Mechanisms that Lead to Arctic Warming During Planetary-Scale and Synoptic-Scale Wave Life Cycles
Authors: Baggett Cory , Lee Sukyoung 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The dynamical mechanisms that lead to wintertime Arctic warming during the planetary-scale wave (PSW) and synoptic-scale wave (SSW) life cycles are identified by performing a composite analysis of ERA-Interim data. The PSW life cycle is preceded by localized tropical convection over the western Pacific. Upon reaching the midlatitudes, the PSWs amplify as they undergo baroclinic conversion and constructively interfere with the climatological stationary waves. The PSWs flux large quantities of sensible and latent heat into the Arctic, which produces a regionally enhanced greenhouse effect that increases downward IR and warms the Arctic 2-m temperature. The SSW life cycle is also capable of increasing downward IR and warming the Arctic 2-m temperature, but the greatest warming is accomplished in the subset of SSW events with the most amplified PSWs. Consequently, during both the PSW and SSW life cycles, wintertime Arctic warming arises from the amplification of the PSWs.
Assessing the Accuracy of the Cloud and Water Vapor Fields in the Hurricane WRF (HWRF) Model Using Satellite Infrared Brightness Temperatures
Authors: Otkin Jason A. , Lewis William E. , Lenzen Allen J. , McNoldy Brian D. , Majumdar Sharanya J. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
In this study, cycled forecast experiments were performed to assess the ability of different cloud microphysics and cumulus parameterization schemes in the Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting (HWRF) Model to accurately simulate the evolution of the cloud and moisture fields during the entire life cycle of Hurricane Edouard (2014). The forecast accuracy for each model configuration was evaluated through comparison of observed and simulated Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-13 (GOES-13) infrared brightness temperatures and satellite-derived tropical cyclone intensity estimates computed using the advanced Dvorak technique (ADT). Overall, the analysis revealed a large moist bias in the mid- and upper troposphere during the entire forecast period that was at least partially due to a moist bias in the initialization datasets but was also affected by the microphysics and cumulus parameterization schemes. Large differences occurred in the azimuthal brightness temperature distributions, with two of the microphysics schemes producing hurricane eyes that were much larger and clearer than observed, especially for later forecast hours. Comparisons to the forecast 10-m wind speeds showed reasonable agreement (correlations between 0.58 and 0.74) between the surface-based intensities and the ADT intensity estimates inferred via cloud patterns in the upper troposphere. It was also found that model configurations that had the smallest differences between the ADT and surface-based intensities had the most accurate track and intensity forecasts. Last, the cloud microphysics schemes had the largest impact on the forecast accuracy.
Prostitution and Migrant Smuggling Networks Operating between Central America, Mexico, and the United States
Authors: Izcara Palacios Simón Pedro 
Published: March 2017

During the past five years, a process of specialization has taken place in migrant smuggling networks that has led to the strengthening of those focused on transporting women. The reasons are that migrant women have been less affected than men by the violence in Mexico and that the adult entertainment industry pays the highest prices for irregular migrants. In-depth interviews with procurers, smugglers, and women from Central America describe the operation of the networks for the smuggling of women for prostitution operating between Central America, Mexico, and the United States and indicate that the recruitment of women is usually not coercive and that the employment of minors is more frequent in the United States than in Mexico. En los últimos cinco años se ha producido un proceso de especialización de las redes de tráfico de migrantes que ha conducido a un fortalecimiento de aquellas que transportan mujeres. Esto se debe a dos motivos: Las mujeres migrantes se han visto menos afectadas que los hombres por la violencia en México, y la industria del entretenimiento adulto es la que más paga por los migrantes irregulares. Entrevistas en profundidad con proxenetas, traficantes de mujeres y mujeres de Centroamérica describen el funcionamiento de las redes de tráfico de mujeres empleadas en el sector de la prostitución que operan entre Centroamérica, México y Estados Unidos y concluyen que el reclutamiento de mujeres no se produce de modo coercitivo y el empleo de menores es mayor en Estados Unidos que en México.
Outcomes That Matter to Teens With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Ye Clara Y. , Jeppson Thor C. , Kleinmaus Ellen M. , Kliems Harald M. , Schopp Jennifer M. , Cox Elizabeth D. 
Published: March 2017

Purpose The purpose of the study was to describe outcomes that matter to teens with type 1 diabetes. Understanding outcomes that matter to teens could support successful interventions to improve diabetes self-management. Methods Fifty publicly available posts published in the “teen” sections of 2 major diabetes online forums between 2011 and 2013 were analyzed using qualitative research methods. From each post, content and descriptive data (eg, duration of diabetes and age) were collected. Two members of the research team independently used open coding techniques to identify outcomes (defined as impacts or consequences of type 1 diabetes) and organized them into themes and subthemes. A codebook was jointly developed to facilitate the identification of meaningful outcomes from the posts. Results Teens’ average age was 15.7 years, and the average time since diabetes diagnosis was 6.3 years. The 3 most commonly mentioned outcomes were (1) interactions with peers (“I want to talk to someone who understands”), (2) emotional well-being (“Diabetes makes me want to cry”), and (3) blood glucose management (“My blood sugar never goes down”). Other identified outcomes included (4) physical well-being, (5) education and motivation of others, (6) family interactions, (7) academic achievement, and (8) interactions with important others such as teachers. Conclusions While teens are concerned about control of their blood glucose, there are many other outcomes that matter to them. Health care providers and diabetes educators may want to consider these other outcomes when motivating teens with type 1 diabetes to improve blood glucose control.
Diabetic Foot Complications Despite Successful Pancreas Transplantation
Authors: Seo Dong-Kyo , Lee Ho Seong , Park Jungu , Ryu Chang Hyun , Han Duck Jong , Seo Sang Gyo 
Published: March 2017

Background: It is known that successful pancreas transplantation enables patients with diabetes to maintain a normal glucose level without insulin and reduces diabetes-related complications. However, we have little information about the foot-specific morbidity in patients who have undergone successful pancreas transplantation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and predisposing factors for foot complications after successful pancreas transplantation. Methods: This retrospective study included 218 patients (91 males, 127 females) who had undergone pancreas transplantation for diabetes. The mean age was 40.7 (range, 15-76) years. Diabetes type, transplantation type, body mass index, and diabetes duration before transplantation were confirmed. After pancreas transplantation, the occurrence and duration of foot and ankle complications were assessed. Results: Twenty-two patients (10.1%) had diabetic foot complications. Fifteen patients (6.9%) had diabetic foot ulcer and 7 patients (3.2%) had Charcot arthropathy. Three patients had both diabetic foot ulcer and Charcot arthropathy. Three insufficiency fractures (1.4%) were included. Mean time of complications after transplantation was 18.5 (range, 2-77) months. Creatinine level 1 year after surgery was higher in the complication group rather than the noncomplication group ( P = .02). Conclusion: Complications of the foot and ankle still occurred following pancreas transplantation in patients with diabetes. Level of Evidence: Level III, comparative study
Comparison of conditioning regimen toxicities among autologous stem cell transplantation eligible multiple myeloma patients: High-dose melphalan versus high-dose melphalan and bortezomib
Authors: Aypar Eda , İzzettin Fikret Vehbi , Akı Şahika Zeynep , Sancar Mesut , Yeğin Zeynep Arzu , Türköz-Sucak Gülsan 
Published: March 2017

Background Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) remains the standard of care for younger patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Currently, high-dose melphalan (HDM) is recommended as conditioning regimen before AHSCT. Preclinical data suggest that combining bortezomib and melphalan has synergistic effect against multiple myeloma cells. Bortezomib and HDM (Bor-HDM) combination as conditioning regimen has been investigated by many other investigators. Objective In this retrospective study, we aimed to compare transplant-related toxicities and hematologic recovery of HDM and Bor-HDM conditioning regimens. Method We retrospectively evaluated hematologic recovery and toxicity profile in patients with MM who received AHSCT with either HDM ( n = 114) or Bor-HDM ( n = 53) conditioning regimen. Results Nonhematologic toxicities were comparable between HDM and Bor-HDM conditioning regimen, except mucositis and diarrhea being more frequent in the Bor-HDM group. Neutrophil and platelet engraftment time and duration of hospital stay were significantly shorter for HDM regimen. Conclusions In this retrospective analysis, we observed engraftment kinetics and duration of hospitalization were significantly worse in Bor-HDM conditioning regimen with manageable toxicities. Randomized studies are needed to further compare Bor- HDM regimen to HDM in terms of response rates, toxicities, and transplant-related mortality.
Insomnia and Relationship With Immunosuppressant Therapy After Lung Transplantation
Authors: Rohde Kalynn A. , Schlei Zachary W. , Katers Krista M. , Weber Ashley K. , Brokhof Marissa M. , Hawes Donald S. , Radford Kelly L. , Francois Mary L. , Menninga Nathan J. , Cornwell Richard , Benca Ruth , Hayney Mary S. , Dopp John M. 
Published: March 2017

Background: Lung transplant recipients are at high risk of developing sleep disorders such as insomnia, but the prevalence and features are currently poorly characterized within this population. Since these disorders are associated with increased morbidity and mortality, it is important to identify them to optimize the care of lung transplant recipients. We sought to evaluate the prevalence of insomnia within our university-based lung transplant clinic and determine whether a relationship exists between insomnia and exposure to immunosuppressant medications following transplantation. Methods: Participants were recruited through the University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics Lung Transplant Clinic (N = 125). Participants (n = 92) completed the adult sleep history questionnaire, which included the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) to assess for insomnia (defined as ISI score >10). Cumulative tacrolimus exposure was determined in 73 patients by performing an area under the curve calculation to assess for a potential relationship between tacrolimus exposure and insomnia. Results: The prevalence of insomnia was 40% within this population. Although no difference in time since transplant was found, cumulative mean ± standard error of the mean tacrolimus exposure was significantly higher in patients with insomnia versus those without insomnia (17 190 ± 1673 ng·d/mL vs 12 130 ± 1630 ng·d/mL, respectively; P = .04). Estimated tacrolimus exposure was not greater with increasing frequency of insomnia complaints (analysis of variance P = .54). Conclusion: In our population, insomnia is common after lung transplantation, with prevalence greater than the general population. Higher cumulative exposure to tacrolimus may contribute to insomnia in this group. Future research should investigate the relationship between immunosuppressant therapy and development of sleep disorders.
Vesicoureteral Reflux in Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Molenaar Nina M. , Minnee Robert C. , Bemelman Frederike J. , Idu Mirza M. 
Published: March 2017

Background: Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is frequently found after transplantation, but its impact on graft function, urine tract infection, and graft loss remains uncertain. Therefore our objective was to evaluate the effects of VUR on the outcome of renal transplantation. Material and Methods: We included 1008 adult renal transplant recipients of whom a 1-week posttransplant voiding cystourethrogram was available. Study end points included occurrence of bacteriuria, renal function, and graft survival. Results: In total, 106 (10.5%) of 1008 graft recipients had a diagnosis of VUR on voiding cystography. The incidence of bacteriuria was comparable in the reflux and nonreflux group (17% vs 17.4%, P = .91). There was no significant difference in renal function at 3 months and 1 year in patients with and without VUR. One- and 5-year graft survival in patients with VUR was 85.8% and 82.1% compared to 87.3% and 83.0% in patients without VUR ( P = .68 and P = .80). Conclusion: Posttransplant VUR has no correlations with early bacteriuria, renal function, and graft survival.
Transplant Professionals’ Perceptions of Long-Term Care Residents’ Candidacy for Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Urbanski Megan , Browne Teri , Ghanta Mythili , Constantinescu Serban , Gillespie Avrum , Hammer Heather , Traino Heather 
Published: March 2017

Context: Given the aging end-stage renal disease (ESRD) population, kidney transplant (KTx) centers may experience an increase in referrals of patients living in long-term care (LTC) settings (eg, skilled nursing facilities, assisted living facilities, group homes, and boarding homes). Objective: To identify best practices among KTx professionals when considering individuals in LTC settings for transplantation. Design and Setting: A cross-sectional survey administered online to US transplant professionals via e-mail LISTSERVs and other professional networks. Participants: One hundred twenty-six KTx professionals working in the United States. Main Outcome Measures: The survey was composed of demographic questions and 6 hypothetical scenarios. These scenarios asked participants to assess transplant candidacy of patients with ESRD living in LTC settings based on the information provided in the scenario. Each scenario presented a different variable that necessitated LTC placement, including lack of social support, moderate intellectual disability, stable neurological condition, mild dementia, a psychiatric condition controlled on medications, and limited mobility. Results: The only scenario that elicited an overwhelmingly negative response was mild dementia with 73.9% of participants unwilling to consider such patients for KTx. By contrast, the proportion of KTx professionals reluctant to proceed with KTx in the remaining scenarios ranged between 40.0% and 50.6%. Conclusions: This survey of a large number of KTx professionals suggests that there is presently no best practice consensus regarding offering KTx to patients living in LTC settings. Further research should include a broader range of KTx professionals and should also include a study of outcomes with KTx in this particular patient population.
Lobbying Justice(s)? Exploring the Nature of Amici Influence in State Supreme Court Decision Making
Authors: Kane Jenna Becker 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMost studies of amicus influence in both federal and state courts assume that the information provided in these briefs is the mechanism through which amici influence court outcomes. However, the question of how individual state supreme court judges respond to this third-party information and whether or not judicial responses are conditioned by differing methods of judicial retention is rarely theorized. Using social-psychological theories of confirmation bias and motivated reasoning, this article investigates how ideological predispositions and electoral institutions structure the responsiveness of state high-court judges to amicus brief information. Utilizing an original dataset of more than 14,000 votes of state high-court judges across three distinct areas of law, this article tests competing theories of amicus influence to determine how state high-court judges utilize amicus information to render judicial decisions. Results are generally supportive of the informational theory of amicus influence in complex areas of law. However, a conditioning relationship of retention method suggests that competitive elections may alter the mechanism of amicus brief influence such that judicial responsiveness to third-party briefs is more closely tied to the reelection and campaign fundraising considerations of individual judges in politically contentious areas of law.
Berlin prehospital or usual delivery of acute stroke care – Study protocol
Authors: Ebinger Martin , Harmel Peter , Nolte Christian H , Grittner Ulrike , Siegerink Bob , Audebert Heinrich J 
Published: March 2017

Rationale Prehospital stroke care in specialized ambulances increases thrombolysis rates, reduces alarm-to-treatment times, and improves the prehospital triage. Preliminary analyses suggest cost-effectiveness. However, scientific proof of better functional outcome compared to usual care is still lacking. Aim To prove better functional outcomes after deployment of the Stroke Emergency Mobile compared to regular ambulances. Sample size estimates A sample size of 686 patients will be required in each arm (Stroke Emergency Mobile group vs. regular care) to detect a difference regarding the primary outcome with 80% power at a two-sided significance level of 0.05. Methods and design This is a pragmatic, prospective study with blinded outcome assessment. Primary outcome will be functional status as defined by modified Rankin Scale score three months after the incident event. We will include cerebral ischemia patients within a predefined catchment area in Berlin, Germany. The study population consists of patients who might be candidates for acute recanalizing treatments, with onset-to-alarm time ≤4 h, symptoms not resolved at time of ambulance arrival, and able to walk without assistance prior to the qualifying incident. About 45% of Stroke Emergency Mobile dispatches are expected to be handled by regular ambulances, since Stroke Emergency Mobile will be already in operation creating the control group. Primary outcome Functional outcome after three months measured by the modified Rankin Scale over the entire range. Discussion The results will inform decision makers on the effectiveness of Stroke Emergency Mobile.
The potential health and economic impact of improving stroke care standards for Australia
Authors: Kim Joosup , Andrew Nadine E , Thrift Amanda G , Bernhardt Julie , Lindley Richard I , Cadilhac Dominique A 
Published: March 2017

Background Evidence of the burden of suboptimal stroke care should expedite quality improvement. We aimed to estimate the health and economic impact of improving acute stroke management to best practice standards using Australia as a case study. Methods Hospital performance in Australia was estimated using data from the National Stroke Audit of Acute Services 2013. The percentage of patients provided evidence-based therapies in all hospitals was compared to that achieved in the aggregate of top performing benchmark hospitals (that included between them, a minimum contribution of 15% of all cases audited). The number of additional patients who would receive therapies if this performance gap was rectified was applied to a standardized economic simulation model that comprised stroke rates and resource-use estimates from the North East Melbourne Stroke Incidence Study applied to the 2013 Australian population. Results In 2013, 41,398 patients were estimated to have been hospitalized with stroke. If acute care was improved to that of Australian benchmarks, there would be an additional 15,317 patients accessing stroke units; 1960 receiving thrombolysis; and 4007 being treated with antihypertensive medication, 3082 with antiplatelet medication, 2179 with anticoagulant medication, and 3514 with lipid-lowering therapy. Approximately 9329 disability-adjusted life years could be avoided. This additional care provided would be cost effective at AUD 3304 per disability adjusted life year avoided. Conclusion The benefits of reducing evidence–practice gaps in Australia are considerable. Further investment in initiatives to optimize hospital care is justified.
Particulate matter air pollution from the city of Quito, Ecuador, activates inflammatory signaling pathways in vitro
Authors: Cevallos Victoria M , Díaz Valeria , Sirois Cherilyn M 
Published: March 2017

Automobile traffic, industrial processes and natural phenomena cause notable air pollution, including gaseous and particulate contaminants, in urban centers. Exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution affects human health, and has been linked to respiratory, cardiovascular and neurological diseases. The mechanisms underlying inflammation in these diverse diseases, and to what extent health effects are different for PM obtained from different sources or locations, are still unclear. This study investigated the in vitro toxicity of ambient course (PM10) and fine (PM2.5) particulate matter collected at seven sites in the urban and periurban zones of Quito, Ecuador. Material from all sites was capable of activating TLR2 and TLR4 signaling pathways, with differences in the activation related to particle size. Additionally, airborne particulate matter from Quito is an effective activator of the NLRP3 inflammasome.