bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurointerventional management of carotid webs associated with recurrent and acute cerebral ischemic syndromes
Authors: Elmokadem AH , Ansari SA , Sangha R , Prabhakaran S , Shaibani A , Hurley MC 
Published: February 2016

Background A carotid web can be defined as an endoluminal shelf-like projection often noted at the origin of the internal carotid artery (ICA) just beyond the bifurcation. Diagnosis of a carotid web as an underlying cause of recurrent ischemic stroke is infrequent and easily misdiagnosed as an atheromatous plaque. Surgery has traditionally been used to resect symptomatic lesions while there is no enough evidence supporting medical therapy as the sole management. To our knowledge there is only one report about carotid artery stenting (CAS) as a definite management of carotid web and no previous reports of acute large-vessel occlusions undergoing mechanical thrombectomy in the setting of carotid web as the etiology. Case report We report two cases: The first presented with recurrent ischemic stroke in the same arterial territory and the other with an emergent left middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion that underwent endovascular mechanical thrombectomy in which initial computed tomographic angiograms (CTA) suggested carotid web etiologies. Following confirmation with digital subtraction angiography (DSA), both patients ultimately underwent endovascular carotid stenting instead of surgical resection for definitive carotid web treatment. Conclusions Carotid webs are a rare cause of ischemic stroke in young and middle-aged adults that can readily be identified by CTA. Endovascular management may include emergent mechanical thrombectomy for large-vessel thromboembolic complications, and for definitive treatment with carotid stenting across the carotid web as an alternative to surgical resection and medical management for secondary stroke prevention.
Cholesterol in platelet biogenesis and activation
Authors: Wang Nan , Tall Alan R. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is a risk factor for atherothrombotic disease, largely attributed to its impact on atherosclerotic lesional cells such as macrophages. Platelets are involved in immunity and inflammation and impact atherogenesis, primarily by modulating immune and inflammatory effector cells. There is evidence that hypercholesterolemia increases the risk of atherosclerosis and thrombosis by modulating platelet biogenesis and activity. This review highlights recent findings on the impact of aberrant cholesterol metabolism on platelet biogenesis and activity and their relevance in atherosclerosis and thrombosis.
Discrete distributional differential expression (D3E) - a tool for gene expression analysis of single-cell RNA-seq data
Authors: Delmans Mihails , Hemberg Martin 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe advent of high throughput RNA-seq at the single-cell level has opened up new opportunities to elucidate the heterogeneity of gene expression. One of the most widespread applications of RNA-seq is to identify genes which are differentially expressed between two experimental conditions.ResultsWe present a discrete, distributional method for differential gene expression (D3E), a novel algorithm specifically designed for single-cell RNA-seq data. We use synthetic data to evaluate D3E, demonstrating that it can detect changes in expression, even when the mean level remains unchanged. Since D3E is based on an analytically tractable stochastic model, it provides additional biological insights by quantifying biologically meaningful properties, such as the average burst size and frequency. We use D3E to investigate experimental data, and with the help of the underlying model, we directly test hypotheses about the driving mechanism behind changes in gene expression.ConclusionEvaluation using synthetic data shows that D3E performs better than other methods for identifying differentially expressed genes since it is designed to take full advantage of the information available from single-cell RNA-seq experiments. Moreover, the analytical model underlying D3E makes it possible to gain additional biological insights.
Applying the termination of resuscitation rules to out-of-hospital cardiac arrests of both cardiac and non-cardiac etiologies: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Kashiura Masahiro , Hamabe Yuichi , Akashi Akiko , Sakurai Atsushi , Tahara Yoshio , Yonemoto Naohiro , Nagao Ken , Yaguchi Arino , Morimura Naoto ,   on behalf of the SOS-KANTO 2012 Study Group
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Background
The 2015 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation recommend Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Life Support (ALS) rules for termination of resuscitation (TOR). However, it is unclear whether the TOR rules are valid for out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs) of both cardiac and non-cardiac etiologies. In this study, we validated the TOR rules for OHCA resulting from both etiologies.

Methods
This was a prospective multicenter observational study of OHCA patients transported to 67 emergency hospitals between January 2012 and March 2013 in the Kanto region of Japan. We calculated the specificity and positive predictive value (PPV) for neurologically unfavorable outcomes at one month in patients with OHCA of cardiac and non-cardiac etiologies.

Results
Of 11,505 eligible cases, 6,138 and 5,367 cases were of cardiac and non-cardiac etiology, respectively. BLS was performed on 2,818 and 2,606 patients with OHCA of cardiac and non-cardiac etiology, respectively. ALS was performed on 3,320 and 2,761 patients with OHCA of cardiac and non-cardiac etiology, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of the TOR rules for predicting unfavorable outcomes in patients with OHCA of cardiac etiology who received BLS included a specificity of 0.985 (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 0.956–0.997) and a PPV of 0.999 (95 % CI: 0.996–1.000). In patients with OHCA from cardiac etiologies who received ALS, the TOR rules had a specificity of 0.963 (95 % CI: 0.896–0.992) and a PPV of 0.997 (95 % CI: 0.991–0.999). In patients with OHCA from non-cardiac etiologies who received BLS, the specificity was 0.915 (95 % CI: 0.796–0.976) and PPV was 0.998 (95 % CI: 0.995–0.999). For patients with OHCA from non-cardiac etiologies who received ALS, the specificity was 0.833 (95 % CI: 0.586–0.964) and PPV was 0.996 (95 % CI: 0.988–0.999).

Conclusions
Both TOR rules have high specificity and PPV in patients with OHCA from cardiac etiologies. For patients with OHCA from non-cardiac etiologies, the rules had a high PPV, but relatively low specificity. Therefore, TOR rules are useful in patients with OHCA from cardiac etiologies, but should be applied with caution to patients with OHCA from non-cardiac etiologies.
How are biodiversity and dispersal of species affected by the management of roadsides? A systematic map protocol
Authors: Bernes Claes , Bullock James M. , Jakobsson Simon , Rundlöf Maj , Verheyen Kris , Lindborg Regina 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Background
In many parts of the world, roadsides are regularly managed for traffic-safety reasons. Hence, there are similarities between roadsides and certain other managed habitats, such as wooded pastures and mown or grazed grasslands. In contrast to roadsides, the latter habitats have declined rapidly in Europe during the last century, and today only a fraction of their former extent remains. For many species historically associated with these habitats, roadsides may therefore function as new primary habitats or as dispersal corridors in fragmented landscapes. Current recommendations for roadside management to promote conservation values are largely based on studies of plants in semi-natural grasslands, although such areas often differ from roadsides in terms of environmental factors and impacts. Moreover, roadsides provide habitats not only for plants but also for many insects, especially if they are sandy and exposed to the sun. For these reasons, stakeholders in Sweden have emphasised the need for more targeted management recommendations, based on actual studies of roadside biodiversity.

Methods
The proposed systematic map is intended to provide an overview of the available evidence on how biodiversity is affected by various forms of roadside management, and how such management influences the dispersal of species along roads or roadsides. Relevant interventions include e.g. mowing, shrub removal, control of invasive/nuisance species, sowing or planting, burning, grazing by livestock, scraping and ditching. Non-intervention or alternative forms of roadside management will be used as comparators. Relevant outcomes include measures of species or genetic diversity, the abundance of individual species or groups of organisms, species distribution patterns, and movement rates of individuals or propagules. Searches will be made for peer-reviewed and grey literature in English and several other languages. No geographical restrictions will be applied, and all species and species groups will be considered.
Oral corticosteroid prescribing habits of Canadian Otolaryngologist-Head and Neck Surgeons
Authors: Ansari Saad , Rotenberg Brian W. , Sowerby Leigh J. 
Published: February 2016

Background Oral corticosteroids (OCSs) are widely prescribed in Otolaryngology-Head & Neck surgery (OtoHNS). There is evidence in the literature regarding specific dosing regimens. However, it is not known to what extent these recommendations are being implemented in practice. Methods An anonymous online survey was sent to Canadian Society of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery members ( N = 696). Dosing, frequency and tapering of OCSs were assessed in acute rhino-sinusitis (ARS), chronic rhino-sinusitis with (CRSwP) and without polyps (CRSsP), sudden sensori-neural hearing loss (SSNHL), and idiopathic facial nerve/Bell's palsy (IFN). Participants were asked to complete for conditions treated and results were compared with current guidelines. Development of prescribing habits and observed complications were also explored. Results 124 surveys (18 %) were completed. In CRSwP ( N = 98), the median dose was 50 mg (Range: 10–100 mg) and the average duration was 8 days (Range: 1–21 days). In CRSsP ( N = 29), the median dose was 50 mg (Range: 20-80 mg) and the average duration was 8 days (Range: 1–14 days). In SSNHL ( N = 118), the median dose was 60 mg (Range: 10–120 mg) and the average duration was 10 days (Range: 1–21 days). In IFN ( N = 108), the median dose was 50 mg (Range: 10–100 mg) and the average duration was 10 days (Range: 1–21 days). Tapering dosages were used in treating CRSwP (64 %), CRSsP (62 %), ARS (44 %), SSNHL (60 %) and IFN (53 %). Respondents most frequently perceived “Mentor/Preceptor Guidance” as a source of their prescribing habits. Conclusion There is significant heterogeneity in OCS prescribing habits despite the availability of fairly consistent evidence in the literature for some of the surveyed conditions. Improvements in standardization should be made with the aim of enhancing outcomes and reducing complications.
Draft genomic sequence of Nereida ignava CECT 5292T, a marine bacterium of the family Rhodobacteraceae
Authors: Arahal David R. , Pujalte María J. , Rodrigo-Torres Lidia 
Published: February 2016

AbstractNereida ignava strain 2SM4T (= CECT 5292T = DSM 16309T = CIP 108404T = CCUG 49433T) is a marine bacterium belonging to the Roseobacter group of the family Rhodobacteraceae within the class Alphaproteobacteria. The strain was isolated from sea water surrounding cultivated oysters 2–3 miles off the Mediterranean coast near Valencia (Spain) and was phylogenetically related to uncultured clones of gall symbiont bacteria of some species of Prionitis alga. Here we describe the genome sequence and annotation of this organism, the type strain of the single species of this genus. The genome comprised 2,888,349 bp, 2,872 protein-coding genes and 52 RNA genes. The annotation revealed the capacity to produce bacteriocins, vitamins and auxins. Besides, it contained sulfur cycling related genes.
Differential analyses for RNA-seq: transcript-level estimates improve gene-level inferences
Authors: Soneson Charlotte , Love Michael I. , Robinson Mark D. 
Published: February 2016

High-throughput sequencing of cDNA (RNA-seq) is used extensively to characterize the transcriptome of cells. Many transcriptomic studies aim at comparing either abundance levels or the transcriptome composition between given conditions, and as a first step, the sequencing reads must be used as the basis for abundance quantification of transcriptomic features of interest, such as genes or transcripts. Various quantification approaches have been proposed, ranging from simple counting of reads that overlap given genomic regions to more complex estimation of underlying transcript abundances. In this paper, we show that gene-level abundance estimates and statistical inference offer advantages over transcript-level analyses, in terms of performance and interpretability. We also illustrate that the presence of differential isoform usage can lead to inflated false discovery rates in differential gene expression analyses on simple count matrices but that this can be addressed by incorporating offsets derived from transcript-level abundance estimates. We also show that the problem is relatively minor in several real data sets. Finally, we provide an R package (tximport) to help users integrate transcript-level abundance estimates from common quantification pipelines into count-based statistical inference engines.
The project «national center of restoration of musical instruments» in the context of preservation of material heritage of musical culture
Authors: Брызгалов Михаил , Bryzgalov Mikhail , Жилкова Юлия , Zhilkova Yuliya 
Published: February 2016

The article discusses the functioning of organizations and the increasing social and economic significance of the
results of activity of economic entities in the sphere of culture. In this case, the orientation of the management
of cultural institutions is in the direction of higher levels of economic activity, utility and profitability. In this
regard, there is the question about the effectiveness of the institutions of culture not only in economic but also
in social sphere. The need for the implementation of the project “national centre of restoration of musical
instruments” as a scientific-educational center is proved by the fact that the budgetary allocation for its creation
and development will support the unique mission of the center for the broadcast world tradition of preserving
material heritage of musical culture. On the other hand, it will contribute to a social result, which is expressed
in the effectiveness of the protection events of the musical objects of cultural heritage. A separate issue is the
preservation of cultural heritage, including tangible objects and music culture through a series of government
support measures. However, in recent years, there is a tendency to stagnation in the share of expenditure on
culture. The article presents the planned expenditures of the budgetary system, which is planned spending on
culture be left at 0.5% of GDP. On the other hand, financing of applied scientific research in the field of culture
has increased. This decision is connected with the growing social and economic significance of the results of
activity of economic entities in the sphere of culture in the direction of higher levels of economic activity, utility
and profitability. The feasibility of the implementation of the project “national centre of restoration of musical
instruments” as a scientific-educational center is to broadcast the world’s traditions of preservation of material
heritage of musical culture and assist in attracting private investment in projects and activities for restoration
and examination of objects of musical culture.
‘We have this day, expell’d our Men the Stage’: Dating the Prologue and Epilogue of <i>The Parson’s Wedding</i>
Authors: Miyoshi Riki 
Published: February 2016

<p>Scholars of Restoration theatre have given contradictory accounts as to which all-female production of Thomas Killigrew’s <em>The Parson’s Wedding</em> the existing prologue and epilogue belong to. This note argues that out of the two productions in the Restoration period – the first of which took place in October 1664 and the second in June 1672 – the surviving prologue and epilogue were most likely written for the second production. Combining evidence gathered from historical records as well as from textual analysis, this note is the first study to comprehensively investigate this conundrum. </p>
Emergency readmissions to paediatric surgery and urology: The impact of inappropriate coding
Authors: Peeraully R , Henderson K , Davies B 
Published: February 2016

Introduction In England, emergency readmissions within 30 days of hospital discharge after an elective admission are not reimbursed if they do not meet Payment by Results (PbR) exclusion criteria. However, coding errors could inappropriately penalise hospitals. We aimed to assess the accuracy of coding for emergency readmissions. Methods Emergency readmissions attributed to paediatric surgery and urology between September 2012 and August 2014 to our tertiary referral centre were retrospectively reviewed. Payment by Results (PbR) coding data were obtained from the hospital’s Family Health Directorate. Clinical details were obtained from contemporaneous records. All readmissions were categorised as appropriately coded (postoperative or nonoperative) or inappropriately coded (planned surgical readmission, unrelated surgical admission, unrelated medical admission or coding error). Results Over the 24-month period, 241 patients were coded as 30-day readmissions, with 143 (59%) meeting the PbR exclusion criteria. Of the remaining 98 (41%) patients, 24 (25%) were inappropriately coded as emergency readmissions. These readmissions resulted in 352 extra bed days, of which 117 (33%) were attributable to inappropriately coded cases. Conclusions One-quarter of non-excluded emergency readmissions were inappropriately coded, accounting for one-third of additional bed days. As a stay on a paediatric ward costs up to £500 a day, the potential cost to our institution due to inappropriate readmission coding was over £50,000. Diagnoses and the reason for admission for each care episode should be accurately documented and coded, and readmission data should be reviewed at a senior clinician level.
An audit of consent for allograft use in elective orthopaedic surgery
Authors: Mullan CJ , Pagoti R , Davison H , McAlinden MG 
Published: February 2016

Introduction Patients receiving musculoskeletal allografts may be at risk of postoperative infection. The General Medical Council guidelines on consent highlight the importance of providing patients with the information they want or need on any proposed investigation or treatment, including any potential adverse outcomes. With the increased cost of defending medicolegal claims, it is paramount that adequate, clear informed patient consent be documented. Methods We retrospectively examined the patterns of informed consent for allograft bone use during elective orthopaedic procedures in a large unit with an onsite bone bank. The initial audit included patients operated over the course of 1 year. Following a feedback session, a re-audit was performed to identify improvements in practice. Results The case mix of both studies was very similar. Revision hip arthroplasty surgery constituted the major subgroup requiring allograft (48%), followed by foot and ankle surgery (16.3%) and revision knee arthroplasty surgery (11.4%) .On the initial audit, 17/45 cases (38%) had either adequate preoperative documentation of the outpatient discussion or an appropriately completed consent form on the planned use of allograft. On the re-audit, 44/78 cases (56%) had adequate pre-operative documentation. There was little correlation between how frequently a surgeon used allograft and the adequacy of consent (Correlation coefficient -0.12). Conclusions Although the risk of disease transmission with allograft may be variable, informed consent for allograft should be a routine part of preoperative discussions in elective orthopaedic surgery. Regular audit and feedback sessions may further improve consent documentation, alongside the targeting of high volume/low compliance surgeons.
Por uma leitura topológica das políticas curriculares
Authors: Macedo Elizabeth 
Published: February 2016

O texto é construído em torno de dois desejos que me aproximaram ao longo dos anos da obra de Stephen Ball — de entender a política como significação parcial em formações históricas e culturais específicas e de conceber os agentes políticos para além da determinação estrutural. A partir do diálogo entre a noção de rede das obras mais recentes de Ball e a teoria do discurso como formulada por Ernesto Laclau e Chantal Mouffe, argumento em favor de uma análise topológica da política. Defendo-a como forma de melhor compreender tanto as conexões entre os nominados “contextos de política” quanto as relações entre a estrutura social [topológica] e os agentes políticos. Ainda que meu foco aqui sejam os diálogos teóricos com os quais venho operando, utilizo fragmentos de minhas pesquisas sobre a centralização curricular nas recentes políticas no Brasil como indícios que me ajudam a produzir meu argumento.
Assessment of an Impact of Mechanical Regulation on Selected Morphometric and Productive Parameters of Invasive Species Solidago Canadensis Population in Agricultural Land
Authors: Končeková Lýdia , Zahradníková Eva , Pintér Eduard , Halmová Daniela 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Repeated mowing is considered as one of the effective control methods against species of the genus Solidago. This paper evaluates the impact of the repeated mowing on selected morphometric and productive characteristics of the invasive neophyte Solidago canadensis in the district of Rimavská Sobota in Central Slovakia. Permanent research plots (PRPs) were established within anthropogenic habitat on an abandoned land that was divided into two variants. In the first variant, the mechanical regulation - mowing was applied. The second variant was without the regulation. The mechanical regulation of the populations was carried out in June and August during the growing season 2011. The results showed that the mechanical regulation did not have a clear impact on the population density. The decreasing trend of the number of shoots within the mowed variant was found only in one research plot (PRP3). The other plots showed an increase in the number of individuals by 2.7 and 32.7% between the mowings. Statistically highly significant differences in terms of the mowing impact on the height of the individuals were found in all PRPs. The difference in the weight of dry aboveground biomass between the mowings was 221.87 g, which represents 36.41%. Double the difference (48.8%) was recorded in the dry weight of the underground biomass in the regulated stand compared with the unregulated stand (165.1 and 322.5 g/m2, respectively). Although there was a short-term success achieved by the application of the two mowings during the growing period, the pursued objective was not reached.