bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combination Products in Clinical Practice: Canadian Experience
Authors: Gouws P. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose. Data are provided from the Combigan Early Experience Data (CEED) study, which evaluated patients’ clinical experience of using Combigan® in a real-life setting. Methods. CEED was a Canadian open-label, prospective 2-month surveillance trial involving 47 investigators and 453 patients. Primary outcomes were intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction and patient satisfaction. Adverse events and doctor satisfaction were secondary outcomes. Most patients were aged over 50, with 82% white, and nearly 90% had open-angle glaucoma. Combigan was used either as a replacement of, or an addition to, the patients’ existing therapy. Results. Switching to, or adding, Combigan to existing glaucoma therapy led to an additional reduction in IOP of 3.8 mmHg, and 70% of patients achieved IOP ≤18. mmHg compared with 31% at baseline. There was an additional reduction in IOP of almost 3 mmHg in patients switched from Cosopt to Combigan and the proportion of eyes achieving an IOP ≤18 mmHg more than doubled in these patients. Altogether, 92% of patients who switched from Cosopt alone to Combigan alone rated Combigan as more comfortable; 98% of doctors rated Combigan as good or excellent compared with other IOP-lowering medications. Conclusions. Combigan effectively lowered IOP over the 2-month trial, and the findings suggest that it is as effective as, or more effective than, Cosopt.
Dry Eye Syndrome in Diabetic Children
Authors: Akinci A. , Cetinkaya E. , Aycan Z. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To compare the symptoms, signs, and results of objective tests for dry eye syndrome (DES) in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients and controls. Methods A total of 104 children with T1DM and 104 age- and sex-matched controls were compared in terms of the symptoms, signs, and results of objective tests for DES. Duration of T1DM, presence of diabetic retinopathy, mean hemoglobin A1c level, pubertal status, and a history of accompanying autoimmune disease were noted in T1DM group. Analysis of variance, multivariate regression analysis, Student t, Mann-Whitney U, and chi-square tests were used for statistical analysis. Results A total of 15.4% of diabetic children complained of dry eye symptoms, versus 1.9% of the controls (p=0.029). Dry eye signs were detected in 7.7% of diabetic children, versus 0.96% of controls (p=0.034). Tear break-up time (TBUT) and Schirmer test results were significantly lower in T1DM group than controls (p=0.018, p=0.024, respectively). A total of 7.7% of diabetic children had definite and 0.96% had probable diagnosis of DES, versus none of the controls (p=0.03). TBUT and Schirmer test results were significantly lower in patients with more than 10 years duration of T1DM (p<0.001 for both). Conclusions The prevalence of symptoms, signs, and definite diagnosis of DES are higher and basal tear secretion and tear film stability are lower in diabetic children than controls. Duration of T1DM is the only disease-related variable which is associated with basal tear secretion and tear film stability.
Behaviour of the Phakic Iris-claw Intraocular Lens (Artisan®/Verisyse®) during Accommodation: an Optical Coherence Biometry Study
Authors: Sekundo W. , Bissmann W. , Tietjen A. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To evaluate variations in the position of the phakic iris claw lens (Artisan®, Verisyse®) and the natural crystalline lens during the accommodation process. Methods We measured changes in position of the iris claw lens and the crystalline lens during the accommodation using optical coherence biometry (AC Master®/Carl Zeiss Meditec, Germany) in 17 patients (28 eyes) with a phakic iris claw lens implanted for high myopia and/or myopic astigmatism. Accommodative effort was obtained using an internal optical target within the measuring device. Results There was a forward shift of the phakic iris claw lens with a mean of 70 μm (8–178 μm) of the optical path length (OPL). At the same time the anterior pole of the natural lens showed a forward mean movement of 85 μm (4- 260 μm). Conclusions An anterior displacement of the iris-claw phakic lens was shown in a series of eyes during the accommodation process. As this displacement goes along with the forward displacement of the anterior pole of the crystalline lens, the preoperative measurement of the latter might provide some additional information about the position of the iris claw lens in the accommodative state after implantation.
Protein S Deficiency and Retinal Arteriolar Occlusion in Pregnancy
Authors: Vela J.I. , Díaz-Cascajosa J. , Crespí J. , Mariages T. , Buil J.A. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To report two cases of retinal arteriolar occlusion in pregnant women with transient protein S (PS) deficiency. Methods Observational case reports. Results Two pregnant women in their 30s presented with a paracentral scotoma in their right and left eye, respectively. In both cases the only risk factor for vascular occlusion was pregnancy. Systemic diseases were excluded. Free and functional PS activity was physiologically reduced in both patients. In Case 1, free PS was 47% and functional PS was 22%. In Case 2, free PS was 43% and functional PS was 25%. These levels of PS seem to be lower than those published for normal pregnancy. Conclusions There might be a special relationship between PS deficiency and the development of arterial occlusion in pregnant women. A direct effect may be possible. Although the prevalence and incidence of vasoocclusive disease in these patients are low, PS deficiency should be considered as another risk factor. Further studies are necessary to evaluate changes in PS and to assess its relationship with thromboembolic events during pregnancy.
Comparison of Preoperative and Postoperative Anterior Segment Measurements with Pentacam in Horizontal Muscle Surgery
Authors: Emre S. , Çankaya C. , Demirel S. , Doganay S. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To evaluate the effect of horizontal muscle surgery (recession or recession plus resection) on the anterior chamber parameters in patients after strabismus surgery. Patients and Methods. The Scheimpflug of 18 eyes of 12 patients with horizontal deviations were recorded just before surgery and 1 month after surgery. The power of anterior surface of cornea in horizontal and vertical axis, thinnest corneal thickness, anterior chamber depth, anterior chamber volume, and cornea volume were analyzed. The clinical characteristics of patients, the size of the deviations, the surgical doses, and observed responses to surgery were reviewed. Results There were six male and six female patients with an average age of 11.4 years (range, 4 to 22 years). Mean preoperative deviation was 47.91 PD (range, 20 to 75 PD), eight patients had esotropia with 57.5 PD average deviation (range, 40 to 75 PD), and four patients had exotropia with 28.75 PD average deviation (range, 20 to 35 PD). Of these 18 eyes, 12 eyes had horizontal muscle recession and 6 eyes had recession plus resection surgery. At the end of 1 month, three patients were orthophoric and eight patients had residual deviations varying between 16 and 35 PD. Preoperative and postoperative comparison of the whole study group documented insignificant changes in anterior chamber parameters and in keratometer readings. However, after dividing patients into two groups–recession or recession plus resection group–only one parameter, anterior chamber volume, was significantly reduced in recession plus resection group. Conclusions Patients with strabismus who undergo recession plus resection procedure are prone to change in anterior chamber volume. Study with larger groups and long follow-up is necessary for clearer documentation of alterations at anterior chamber parameters.
Comparison of Intraocular Pressure Lowering Effect of Once Daily Morning vs Evening Dosing of Latanoprost/Timolol Maleate Combination
Authors: Takmaz T. , Aşik Ş. , Kürkçüoğlu P. , Gürdal C. , Can İ. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To compare intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction profiles of latanoprost-timolol maleate fixed combination (LTFC) administered in the morning or evening in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). Methods A prospective, randomized study including 60 eyes of 30 patients with POAG was carried out. Patients were randomized to treatment with LTFC at 8 PM (Group 1) or at 8 AM (Group 2). After therapy of 4 weeks, IOP was measured at 2 AM, 6 AM, 10 AM, 2 PM, 6 PM, and 10 PM and compared with baseline values and latanoprost therapy alone. Results Mean diurnal baseline IOPs and IOPs after treatment with latanoprost and LTFC were 23.6±2.6, 16.7±2.3, and 15.5±2.2 mmHg in Group 1 and 23.1±2.6, 16.9±2.4, and 15.7±2.4 mmHg in Group 2. LTFC lowered IOP more than latanoprost at all time points in both groups (p<0.001) (except 6 AM in Group 2). The mean IOP range after LTFC therapy was lower than the baseline in Group 1 whereas it was not different in Group 2. IOP at 10 AM was significantly higher than the other time points at baseline measurements in both groups (p<0.01) but after treatment there was no difference (p>0.05). According to IOP reduction from baseline, there was a statistically significant difference between groups in favor of Group 1 at 6 AM, 10 AM, and mean diurnal measurement (p<0.01). Conclusions Both morning and evening dosing of LTFC were effective in lowering diurnal IOP in patients with POAG. However, evening dosing of LTFC seemed to be more effective in controlling IOP especially in the morning and avoiding the fluctuations with lower range of IOP
Urinary 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine Levels in Diabetic Retinopathy Patients
Authors: Dong Q.Y. , Cui Y. , Chen L. , Song J. , Sun L. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose Involvement of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of diabetic microvascular complications has been proposed. Recently, 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) has been reported to serve as a new sensitive biomarker of the oxidative DNA damage in vivo. This study was undertaken to investigate whether the urinary levels of 8-OHdG are altered in patients with type 2 diabetes. The authors also attempted to analyze the relationship between 8-OHdG levels and other clinical parameters of patients with diabetes, especially the relationship between oxidative DNA damage and the severity of the retinal lesions in patients with diabetic retinopathy. Methods The authors studied 60 patients with type 2 diabetes and compared them with 35 nondiabetic control subjects. Urinary 8-OHdG concentrations were assayed using competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The patients with type 2 diabetes had significantly higher concentrations of 8-OHdG in their urine than the control subjects (19.6±6.7 vs 11.9±4.9 ng/mgCr; p<0.05). The authors could not find any correlation between urinary 8-OHdG levels and age, duration of diabetes, or serum lipids. However, HbA1c values were significantly correlated with 8-OHdG values. Among the patients with diabetes, those with proliferative retinopathy had significantly higher 8-OHdG levels than those with nonproliferative retinopathy or without retinopathy. Conclusions The authors' findings show that measuring urinary 8-OHdG is a novel convenient method for evaluating oxidative DNA damage in patients with diabetes, and it is also suggested that 8-OHdG could be a sensitive biomarker and may be helpful for the early diagnosis and treatment of patients with diabetic retinopathy.
Trends in Blind and Low Vision Registrations in Taipei City
Authors: Tsai I.-L. , Woung L.-C. , Tsai C.-Y. , Kuo L.-L. , Liu S.-W. , Lin S. , Wang I.-J. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To determine the overall reported incidence and causes of registrable blindness and low vision in Taipei, Taiwan, that have occurred in the previous 10 years. Methods Study data were obtained from disability identification registration forms completed between January 1995 and December 2004. Definitions of low vision and blindness were defined by WHO criteria: low vision included visual acuity worse than 6/18 (20/60) to a lower limit of 3/60 (20/400). Blindness was defined as visual acuity worse than 3/60 (20/400) in the better eye with best possible correction. Results There were 3151 registrations for visual impairment during the study period. A total of 239 registrations were excluded due to insufficient data. Of the remaining 2912 (1518 males and 1394 females), 640 males and 647 females were legally blind (44.20%). A total of 878 males and 747 females were partially sighted. The six leading causes of low vision and blindness, in decreasing frequency, were glaucoma, optic neuropathy, diabetic retinopathy, retinitis pigmentosa, age-related macular degeneration, and myopic macular degeneration. Conclusions The proportions of new registrations owing to glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and myopic macular degeneration have changed significantly since 2000; the proportion due to diabetic retinopathy has increased.
Superficial Keratectomy and Amniotic Membrane Patch in the Treatment of Corneal Plaque of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis
Authors: Pelegrin L. , Gris O. , AdáN A. , Plazas A. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To report the importance of early surgical treatment of corneal ulcers associated with vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) which may potentially produce severe lesions and permanent visual sequelae. Methods The authors present the case of a child with corneal ulcer in plaque who did not respond to medical treatment and had a good response to surgical treatment. Results A superficial keratectomy with an amniotic membrane patch was performed. A rapid postoperative epithelialization with a final good visual acuity was achieved. Conclusions Although amniotic membrane grafts following keratectomy have been described as a successful treatment in deep ulcers, in cases with slight stromal thinning, the amniotic membrane patch may be enough to achieve epithelialization. This procedure avoids the presence of the remains of membrane under the epithelium, which may affect postoperative corneal transparency.
Effect of Pterygium Surgery on Corneal Topography
Authors: Errais K. , Bouden J. , Mili-Boussen I. , Anane R. , Beltaif O. , Meddeb Ouertani A. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To evaluate the effect of successful pterygium surgery on corneal topography. Methods Computerized corneal topography was performed on 20 eyes with pterygium before and 3 months after successful excision and limbo-conjunctival autograft surgery. Corneal shape, corneal spherical power, simulated keratometric astigmatism, surface regularity index (SRI), and surface asymmetry index (SAI) were assessed before and after surgery. Pre- and postoperative uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), and manifest refraction spherical equivalent (MRSE) were also evaluated. Results Changes in corneal shape were mainly a decrease in midline corneal flattening. Corneal spherical power was 41.65±3.29 diopters (D) (mean ± SD) preoperatively and 44.58±1.55 D postoperatively (p=0.04). Simulated keratometric astigmatism was 5.47±3.45 D preoperatively and 1.79±1.52 D postoperatively (p=0.0005). SRI was 1.39±0.93 preoperatively and 1.10±0.57 postoperatively (p=0.03). SAI was 1.17±1.09 preoperatively and 0.75±0.73 postoperatively (p=0.02). UCVA was 0.31±0.33 preoperatively and 0.52±0.32 postoperatively (p=0.04). BSCVA was 0.73±0.20 preoperatively and 0.89±0. 16 postoperatively (p=0.008). MRSE was −0.54±3.29 D preoperatively and −1.30±3.05 D postoperatively (p=0.45). Conclusions Corneal topographic changes caused by the pterygium are almost reversible after surgical treatment. Successful pterygium surgery significantly reduces topographic astigmatism, SRI, SAI, and corneal flattening. However, precise prediction of these refractive changes is not always accurate.
Cataract Surgery in Exudative Uveitis: Effectiveness of Total Lens Removal, Anterior Vitrectomy, and Scleral Fixation of PC Iols
Authors: Secchi A.G. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose Cataract surgery in exudative uveitis is often followed by severe complications (pupillary seclusion/occlusion, dense posterior capsule/anterior vitreous opacification, cystoid macular edema following repeat YAG laser procedures) which often drastically limit functional recovery Total removal of cataract, anterior vitrectomy, and scleral fixation of a posterior chamber (PC) intraocular lens (IOL) has been tried as a surgical alternative, searching for lessened postsurgical complications and a better outcome. Methods Group A was a cohort of 12 patients with cataract after exudative (mostly sarcoidosis and Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada) uveitis, subjected to intracapsular cataract extraction, anterior vitrectomy, and scleral fixation of PC IOLs. Group B was the control group, including 12 patients with a similar clinical condition subjected to phacoemulsification or extracapsular cataract extraction plus in-the-bag or in-the-sulcus IOL implantation. Follow-up time for both groups was at least 7 years. Results Postoperative inflammatory signs were substantially less in Group A patients, from 2 days up to >7 years postsurgery Group A patients showed no cells/exudates adhering to the IOL surfaces, no synechiae, minimal (as compared to Group B) vitreous opacifications, and significantly higher visual acuity (p=0.024 at the seventh year control). Group A patients reported less frequent relapses of uveitis postsurgery, but the relevant clinical data did not allow statistical evaluations. Conclusions Total removal of cataract in highly exudative uveitic eyes, plus anterior vitrectomy and scleral fixation of PC IOLs, although technically a more demanding surgical procedure, proved to be safe and more effective than classical procedures.
Hess Lancaster Screen Test with the Head Tilted: A Useful Test in the Diagnosis of Bilateral Fourth Nerve Palsies
Authors: Armesto A. , Ugrin M.C. , Travelletti E. , Schlaen A. , Piantanida N. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To introduce Hess Lancaster screen test performed with the head tilted as a new ancillary test to help in the diagnosis of bilateral superior oblique (SO) nerve paresis. Methods Three patients with clinical diagnosis of acquired bilateral fourth nerve paresis, three with clinical diagnosis of acquired unilateral fourth nerve paresis, and three normal subjects were tested with Hess Lancaster test in the nine positions of gaze with their heads straight and with their heads tilted to each side. Test results were compared and data were analyzed. Results Hess Lancaster test of all patients with bilateral SO palsy performed with their heads straight showed unilateral SO underaction, but when the test was carried out with the head tilted to each side findings were positive for ipsilateral SO underaction and ipsilateral hypertropia for both sides. In those patients with unilateral SO palsy, Lancaster test was positive for SO underaction when the head was in straight position and when it was tilted to the side of the paretic muscle, but it was almost normal with the head tilted to the opposite side. Normal subjects did not show any abnormality regardless of the head position. Conclusions Bilateral SO palsies are sometimes difficult to diagnose for they might be masked. Hess Lancaster test carried out with the head tilted to both sides could help in the diagnosis of bilateral SO palsies.
Mycobacterium Chelonae Keratitis in a Patient with SjöGren's Syndrome
Authors: Van Der Beek M.T. , Bernards A.T. , Lapid-Gortzak R. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose In this report a case of Mycobacterium chelonae keratitis in a patient without any previously described risk factors is described. The only risk factor found was a rheumatoid arthritis related Sjögren's syndrome. Methods Case report. Results A 60-year-old woman was referred to the hospital with an infectious keratitis of the left eye of 3 months duration, unresponsive to empirical therapy with ofloxacin and tobramycin drops. Her medical history included a longstanding rheumatoid arthritis and a secondary ocular surface syndrome. Upon arrival the left eye showed diffuse corneal edema and centrally several large infiltrates with fluffy edges, surrounded by several smaller satellite infiltrates. The cornea was scraped for culture and grew M chelonae and sensitivity testing showed sensitivity to ciprofloxacin, clofazimine, and clarithromycin. Systemically ciprofloxacin 750 mg and clarithromycin 500 mg twice daily were prescribed orally. Topical therapy consisted of topical erythromycin 10 mg/mL and ofloxacin 3 mg/mL every 2 hours. Treatment was continued for a total of 10 months during which the infiltrates cleared completely, but the central cornea remained scarred. Conclusions M chelonae can be a cause of infectious keratitis in patients without known risk factors for rapidly growing mycobacterium keratitis. Especially in the case of ocular infections that show no response to regular antibacterial treatment, mycobacterial infection should be considered. Good communication between the ophthalmologist and the microbiologist is crucial for a rapid diagnosis.
Single-Session Photodynamic Therapy Combined with Intravitreal Bevacizumab for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Ahmadieh H. , Taei R. , Soheilian M. , Riazi-Esfahani M. , Ahadi H. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To evaluate the efficacy of combined single-session photodynamic therapy (PDT) and intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) for treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods In a prospective interventional case series, patients with subfoveal choroidal neovascularization (CNV) underwent PDT followed by 1.25 mg IVB injection. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) measurements were repeated at 6-week intervals and fluorescein angiography was performed after 12 weeks and when considered necessary thereafter. Repeat injections of IVB were performed based on fluorescein angiographic evidence of CNV leakage. Results Fourteen eyes were included in this study. Mean follow-up was 52.4±15.2 weeks (range: 26–74 weeks). Initially, mean BCVA was 0.80±0.42 logMAR and mean central macular thickness (CMT) was 308±88 μm. At week 12, BCVA improved to 0.62±0.47 logMAR (p=0.006) and CMT reduced to 186±53 μm (p=0.003). Corresponding results were 0.53±0.52 logMAR (p=0.02) and 193±78 μm (p=0.002) after 24 weeks. A second IVB injection was performed in 13 eyes with a mean interval of 16.3±5.9 weeks. Conclusions Combination therapy with single-session PDT and IVB can improve vision and reduce CMT in neovascular AMD. Repeat IVB injections may maintain the visual gain from the initial combination therapy.
Vitreoretinal Surgery for Retinal Detachment in Retinochoroidal Colobomata
Authors: Teoh S.C.B. , Mayer E.J. , Haynes R.J. , Grey R.H.B. , Dick A.D. , Markham R.H.C. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To report the management and outcome of retinal reattachment surgery in retinochoroidal coloboma. Methods Four patients with retinochoroidal colobomata presented to the Bristol Eye Hospital (a UK tertiary referral center for vitreoretinal surgery) with retinal detachment. INTERVENTION. All were type II colobomatous detachments (three patients with type IIB, one patient with type IID). All eyes underwent vitrectomy with endolaser and/or cryotherapy and three eyes underwent scleral buckling. Two eyes had internal tamponade with gas (SF6, C3F8) while the other two had silicone oil. Endolaser was applied over healthy retinal pigment epithelium. Results At last follow-up, all (100%) remained attached, with no recurrences. Three patients achieved visual acuity of 6/120 or better and were able to perform satisfactory near work with appropriate magnifiers. The last patient began with hand movement vision and retained similar vision but subjectively felt more navigational. Conclusions Good anatomic and functional outcomes can be achieved in this patient group with combined vitrectomy with or without scleral buckling surgery. Endolaser retinopexy is effective over healthy RPE at the margin of the coloboma combined with either gas or oil internal tamponade.