bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Foot Orthoses Extrinsic Rearfoot and Forefoot Posts on Muscle Activity During Walking: A Case Study
Authors: Moisan Gabriel , Cantin Vincent 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT

Introduction
In clinical practice, different types of rearfoot and forefoot extrinsic posts are regularly added to foot orthoses (FOs) to make the treatment more specific. However, to this day, their effects on muscle activity during walking are still unclear and few studies have quantified them. The purpose of this case study was to quantify the effects of FOs with different extrinsic rearfoot and forefoot posts on muscle activity during walking to generate hypotheses with the goal to develop a more complex experimental design for further studies.

Materials and Methods
A 26-year-old man with hyperpronated feet was recruited to walk on a 5-meter walkway with seven pairs of FOs with different extrinsic rearfoot and forefoot posts (no post, external oblique rearfoot post, internal oblique rearfoot post, straight rearfoot post, rearfoot and forefoot posts, rearfoot and forefoot posts at 2° varus, and rearfoot and forefoot posts at 5° varus). Mean activity of eight lower-limb muscles (gluteus medius, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, biceps femoris, medial gastrocnemius, lateral gastrocnemius, fibularis longus, and tibialis anterior) was analyzed during the three phases of the walking cycle (contact, midstance, and propulsion). Peak root mean square (RMS) amplitude was also measured.

Results
Significant differences were observed between the control and the experimental conditions for mean muscle activity and peak RMS amplitude during the gait cycle. Results were variable between conditions. However, in general, more muscle activity was observed when increasing the frontal plane inclination of the extrinsic rearfoot and forefoot posts.

Conclusions
The addition of extrinsic rearfoot and forefoot posts to the FOs can modulate muscle function during walking. However, to this day, not enough data are available to build a clinical guideline, and it is still unknown if they can have positive effects on musculoskeletal pathologies of the lower limb.
The Role of Molecular Techniques for the Detection of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex in Paraffin-embedded Biopsies
Authors: Moure Zaira , Castellví Josep , Sánchez-Montalvá Adrián , Pumarola Tomás , Tórtola M. Teresa 
Published: May 2017

Introduction:
Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) is increasingly frequent in developed countries. When it is not clinically suspected, samples are not collected for culture and the only material available is a tissue paraffin block.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to evaluate FluoroType MTB (FT-MTB) and GenoType MTBDRplus methods for the detection of Mycobaterium tuberculosis complex in paraffin-embedded biopsies comparing the results to tuberculosis diagnosis.

Methodology:
A total of 17 paraffin-embedded tissues from different locations revealing granulomas were referred to the Mycobacteriology Laboratory and FT-MTB and GenoType MTBDRplus methods were performed. EPTB diagnosis was reached based on histologically compatible lesions, response to treatment and absence of alternative diagnosis. This case definition was considered gold standard for the assessment of the 2 molecular techniques performance.

Results:
Of the 17 individuals included in the study, 10 were clinically classified as EPTB and in 7 cases tuberculosis was ruled out. Of the 10 patients classified as EPTB, 6 (60%) obtained both FT-MTB and MTBDRplus positive results. Sensitivity and specificity were 60% and 71.4%, and 60% and 85.7% for FT-MTB and MTBDRplus, respectively.

Conclusion:
Molecular techniques might be useful tools for detection of Mycobaterium tuberculosis complex in paraffin-embedded biopsies especially when there is no sample available for culture.
Impact of barium enema on acute diverticulitis recurrence: A retrospective cohort study of 349 patients
Authors: Medina‐Fernández Francisco J , Rodríguez‐Ortiz Lidia , Garcilazo‐Arismendi Dimas J , Navarro‐Rodríguez Elena , Torres‐Tordera Eva M , Díaz‐López César A , Briceño Javier 
Published: May 2017

OBJECTIVEAcute diverticulitis (AD) is becoming a health concern with its increasing incidence. One of the accepted theories of the possible causes of diverticular perforation is the impaction of fecal residuals into some diverticula. We aimed to evaluate whether barium impaction had a negative effect by promoting diverticular inflammation or rupture and thereby AD recurrence.METHODSA retrospective cohort study (January 2005–December 2015) was conducted at the Reina Sofia University Hospital of Cordoba, Spain with follow‐up for patients received barium enema or not after their first episode of AD. Factors related to disease recurrence and its severity were analyzed.RESULTSIn total, 349 patients were included and subdivided into the barium enema group (n = 141) and control group (n = 208), respectively. In the studied cohort, 72 (20.6%) patients suffered recurrence of AD, which was almost twice as frequent in the barium enema group than in the control group (27.7% vs 15.9%, P = 0.008). Patients who had undergone barium enema were more likely to present a higher Hinchey grade at recurrence than that observed in the index presentation (30.8% vs 9.1%, P = 0.024). Age <50 years, female sex, absence of treatment with rifaximin and especially barium enema, showed a trend to a higher probability of AD recurrence over time. However, no statistically significant differences were found.CONCLUSIONSWe failed to conclude that barium enema increased AD recurrence. Patients undergo barium enema are more likely to show a higher Hinchey grade at recurrence than that observed in their index presentation.
TNFSF9 exerts an inhibitory effect on hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Shen Yu Ling , Gan Yu , Gao Hai Feng , Fan Ying Chao , Wang Qing , Yuan Hui , Song Yan Fang , Wang Jia Dong , Tu Hong 
Published: May 2017

OBJECTIVETumor necrosis factor superfamily member 9 (TNFSF9), also known as 4‐1BBL and CD137L, has been implicated in cancer immunotherapy due to its function as a T‐cell co‐stimulator. We aimed to investigate the role of TNFSF9 in the cancer pathogenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).METHODSTNFSF9 expression was examined by immunohistochemistry in 106 pairs of HCC and adjacent non‐tumorous tissues, and by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot in HCC cell lines. The impact of TNFSF9 on the proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC cells was determined using the 3‐(4,5‐diethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐5‐(3‐carboxymethoxyphenyl)‐2‐(4‐sulfophenyl)‐2H‐tetrazolium, inner salt (MTS) and transwell assays in vitro. We also assessed the influence of TNFSF9 on the growth and metastasis of HCC tumors in an orthotopic mouse model of human HCC.RESULTSTNFSF9 expression was downregulated in approximately 70% of HCC tissues. A decreased expression of TNFSF9 was also consistently observed in all the four HCC cell lines. Either the overexpression of TNFSF9 or treatment with recombinant TNFSF9 protein could significantly inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of Huh7 and SMMC‐7721 HCC cells in vitro. The inhibitory effect of TNFSF9 on HCC was further confirmed in vivo. Mice orthotopically transplanted with TNFSF9‐overexpressing Huh7 cells developed significantly smaller tumors with less intrahepatic metastasis and distant metastasis compared with the control group.CONCLUSIONSTNFSF9 may be a tumor suppressor in HCC. Based on its immune stimulatory aspect and the tumor inhibition property, TNFSF9 may be a promising therapeutic target for HCC.
High serum total cholesterol is associated with suicide mortality in Japanese women
Authors: Svensson T. , Inoue M. , Sawada N. , Charvat H. , Mimura M. , Tsugane S. ,   the JPHC Study Group
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveTo investigate the association between serum total cholesterol (TC) and suicide using a large general population cohort with long follow‐up times.MethodAnalyses included 16 341 men and 28 905 women aged 40–69 from the Japan Public Health Center‐based Prospective Study followed from 1990 to 2012. TC levels were defined per clinical guidelines: low (<4.66 mmol/l [180 mg/dl]), normal (4.66–5.70 mmol/l [180–220 mg/dl]), and high (≥5.70 mmol/l [220 mg/dl]). Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to determine hazard ratios (HR) and confidence intervals (CI) for suicide according to TC level. Mean follow‐up time was 19 years for men and 20 years for women.ResultsThere were 185 suicides (men: 107; women: 78) during follow‐up. Compared to women with normal TC, women with high TC had a significantly increased risk of suicide (HR = 1.90, 95% CI, 1.13–3.19). Incremental increases (0.26 mmol/l [10 mg/dl]) of low‐density lipoprotein (HR = 1.11, 95% CI, 1.02–1.21) and non‐high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HR = 1.09, 95% CI, 1.01–1.18) were also associated with increased risk of suicide in women.There was no association between TC levels, or lipid fractions, and suicide in men.ConclusionHigh TC levels may be associated with an increased risk of suicide in women.
Funding Conservation Locally: Insights from Behavioral Experiments in Indonesia
Authors: Nelson Katherine M. , Schlüter Achim , Vance Colin 
Published: May 2017

AbstractProximate stressors such as destructive fishing are key drivers of coral reef degradation. Conservation strategies that marshal local action and are tailored to the preferences of the target group are thus needed to sustain coral resources. We experimentally analyze the behavior of marine resource users in a coastal village in Indonesia to gain insight into whether people prefer to donate time or money to environmental or other charitable causes. Each person is subject to one of four treatments: monetary donation, monetary donation match, volunteer time donation, and volunteer time donation match. Contrasting with the existing literature, we find that participants give significantly more when donating money compared to time. We also find that matching donations increases the percent of people giving but does not increase the amount donated. This research furthers our understanding of what motivates resource users in a developing country to contribute to the provision of public goods.
Neonatal hypoxia‐ischemia in rat increases doublecortin concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid
Authors: Brégère Catherine , Fisch Urs , Sailer Martin H. , Lieb Wolfgang S. , Chicha Laurie , Goepfert Fabienne , Kremer Thomas , Guzman Raphael 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDoublecortin (DCX) is a microtubule‐associated protein widely used as an indicator of neurogenesis in immunohistochemical analyses of the postmortem adult brain. A recent study reported that DCX can be quantified in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from healthy rats between postnatal day 0 (P0) and P30. However, it is currently unclear whether the concentration of DCX in the CSF (CSF‐DCX) may represent a measure of endogenous neurogenesis. To address this question, this study examined the impact of a neonatal hypoxic‐ischemic (HI) brain injury, known to induce neurogenesis, on CSF‐DCX. HI was elicited at P7 in Sprague–Dawley rat neonates, and CSF was collected serially from the cisterna magna at P5 and P10, or at P10 and P15. A sandwich immunoassay was used to measure CSF‐DCX. Brains from P10 neonates were analyzed immunohistochemically for neurogenesis and cell death markers. Mean CSF‐DCX was significantly higher in HI‐ than in sham‐exposed animals, at both P10 and P15. In the HI group at P10, CSF‐DCX and stroke severity correlated positively. DCX immunoreactivity was increased in the ipsilateral neurogenic niches from the P10 HI brains in comparison with that of shams. The number of proliferative DCX‐positive cells was higher in the ipsilateral hippocampal subgranular zone (SGZ) than in the HI contralateral or sham SGZ. Thus, neonatal HI brain injury disrupts the developmental time‐course of DCX levels in the CSF. Our data suggest that the increased concentration of DCX in the CSF after neonatal HI is the result of both cellular injury and increased neurogenesis.
Predictive models in the diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune epilepsy
Authors: Dubey Divyanshu , Singh Jaysingh , Britton Jeffrey W. , Pittock Sean J. , Flanagan Eoin P. , Lennon Vanda A. , Tillema Jan‐Mendelt , Wirrell Elaine , Shin Cheolsu , So Elson , Cascino Gregory D. , Wingerchuk Dean M. , Hoerth Matthew T. , Shih Jerry J. , Nickels Katherine C. , McKeon Andrew 
Published: May 2017

SummaryObjectiveTo validate predictive models for neural antibody positivity and immunotherapy response in epilepsy.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study of epilepsy cases at Mayo Clinic (Rochester‐MN; Scottsdale‐AZ, and Jacksonville‐FL) in whom autoimmune encephalopathy/epilepsy/dementia autoantibody testing profiles were requested (06/30/2014‐06/30/2016). An Antibody Prevalence in Epilepsy (APE) score, based on clinical characteristics, was assigned to each patient. Among patients who received immunotherapy, a Response to Immunotherapy in Epilepsy (RITE) score was assigned. Favorable seizure outcome was defined as >50% reduction of seizure frequency at the first follow‐up.ResultsSerum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 1,736 patients were sent to the Mayo Clinic Neuroimmunology Laboratory for neural autoantibody evaluation. Three hundred eighty‐seven of these patients met the diagnostic criteria for epilepsy. Central nervous system (CNS)–specific antibodies were detected in 44 patients. Certain clinical features such as new‐onset epilepsy, autonomic dysfunction, viral prodrome, faciobrachial dystonic seizures/oral dyskinesia, inflammatory CSF profile, and mesial temporal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities had a significant association with positive antibody results. A significantly higher proportion of antibody‐positive patients had an APE score ≥4 (97.7% vs. 21.6%, p < 0.01). Sensitivity and specificity of an APE score ≥4 to predict presence of specific neural auto‐antibody were 97.7% and 77.9%, respectively. In the subset of patients who received immunotherapy (77), autonomic dysfunction, faciobrachial dystonic seizures/oral dyskinesia, early initiation of immunotherapy, and presence of antibodies targeting plasma membrane proteins (cell‐surface antigens) were associated with favorable seizure outcome. Sensitivity and specificity of a RITE score ≥7 to predict favorable seizure outcome were 87.5% and 83.8%, respectively.SignificanceAPE and RITE scores can aid diagnosis, treatment, and prognostication of autoimmune epilepsy.A PowerPoint slide summarizing this article is available for download in the Supporting Information section here.
Failure assessment of the first stage high‐pressure turbine blades in an aero‐engine turbine
Authors: Shi D. , Wang C. , Yang X. , Li S. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn this paper, microscopic analysis and fatigue experiment were conducted to detect the damage degree of turbine blades after a 600 h service and determine the reliable service time. First, several service blades were cut into slices on different cross sections and microscopically examined. It is found that the γ′ phase particles are slightly coarsened and the γ′ phase parameters change with temperature and stress distribution. Then, fatigue test was conducted on service blades simulating the real working condition. The test result shows that the blades after a 600 h service would serve for 3596 h more until failure during actual flight. The ultimate fracture is mainly caused by the interaction of fatigue, creep and oxidation. Besides, the γ′ phase parameters change obviously compared with service blade without fatigue test. It indicates that the γ′ phase parameters could be used to evaluate the microdamage of service blades, which has great significance for service reliability of the turbine machinery.
“Help Yourself!” What Can Toddlers' Helping Failures Tell Us About the Development of Prosocial Behavior?
Authors: Waugh Whitney E. , Brownell Celia A. 
Published: May 2017

Prosocial behavior emerges in the second year of life, yet it is typical for children in this period not to share, comfort, or help. We compared toddlers (18, 30 months) who helped with those who did not help on two tasks (instrumental helping; empathic helping). More than half of children failed to help on one or both tasks. Nonhelpers engaged in more hypothesis testing on the instrumental helping task, but more security‐seeking, wariness, and playing on the empathic helping task. Across tasks, children who tended to engage in nonhelping behaviors associated with negative emotional arousal also tended to seek comfort from a parent. In contrast, children who tended to play instead of helping were less likely to exhibit negative emotional arousal or hypothesis testing, suggesting a focus on their own interests. Parents of 18‐month‐old nonhelpers on the instrumental task were less engaged in socializing prosocial behavior in their toddlers than were the parents of helpers. On the empathic helping task, 18‐month‐old nonhelpers had less mature self‐other understanding than did helpers. By examining how the predominant reasons for failing to help vary with age and task, we gain a fuller perspective on the factors involved in the early development of prosocial behavior.
Sociocultural transitions and developmental impacts in the digital economy of impact sourcing
Authors: Sandeep M.S. , Ravishankar M.N. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractImpact sourcing (ImS) is the practice of bringing digitally enabled outsourcing jobs to underprivileged communities. While such jobs are attractive and improve life chances, situated ImS employees face the difficult task of transitioning from their traditional communities to the relatively modern ImS workplace. These transition experiences expose them to a variety of work‐life challenges and, at the same time, serve as occasions for development. This paper draws on an inductive qualitative study of an up and coming Indian ImS company and explores how ImS employees experience sociocultural transitions and realize developmental impacts. The findings suggest that compartmentalization and integration strategies help ImS employees manage boundaries arising from the contrasting cultural expectations of the community and the workplace. Impact sourcing employees respond to sociocultural transition challenges in the workplace through a series of cognitive adjustments, which involves the creation of fictive kinships, job crafting, and experimenting with provisional selves. Furthermore, the analysis shows how intense engagement with sociocultural transitions can lead to the development of crucial individual and collective capabilities. In closing, a model of capability development of ImS employees is outlined, and the implications for ImS companies are discussed.
Cross‐reactive saliva IgA antibodies to oxidized LDL and periodontal pathogens in humans
Authors: Akhi Ramin , Wang Chunguang , Kyrklund Mikael , Kummu Outi , Turunen Sini Pauliina , Hyvärinen Kati , Kullaa Arja , Salo Tuula , Pussinen Pirkko J. , Hörkkö Sohvi 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimOxidized low‐density lipoproteins (oxLDL) are formed as a result of lipid peroxidation and are highly immunogenic and proatherogenic. In this study, saliva antibodies binding to oxLDL, Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) were characterized and their cross‐reactivity was evaluated.Materials and MethodsResting and stimulated saliva samples were collected from 36 healthy adults (mean age 26 years). Saliva IgA, IgG and IgM autoantibody levels to copper oxidized LDL (CuOx‐LDL) and malondialdehyde acetaldehyde‐modified LDL (MAA‐LDL) were determined with chemiluminescence immunoassay.ResultsSaliva IgA and IgG antibodies binding to MAA‐LDL and CuOx‐LDL were detected in all samples and they were associated with the saliva levels of IgA and IgG to P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans. Competitive immunoassay showed that saliva antibodies to MAA‐LDL cross‐reacted specifically with P. gingivalis. The autoantibody levels to oxLDL in saliva were not associated with the autoantibody levels to oxLDL in plasma or with saliva apolipoprotein B 100 levels.ConclusionsSaliva contains IgA and IgG binding to oxLDL, which showed cross‐reactive properties with the periodontal pathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g). The data suggest that secretory IgA to P.g may participate in immune reactions involved in LDL oxidation through molecular mimicry.
A haplotype block downstream of plasminogen is associated with chronic and aggressive periodontitis
Authors: Munz Matthias , Chen Hong , Jockel‐Schneider Yvonne , Adam Knut , Hoffman Per , Berger Klaus , Kocher Thomas , Meyle Jörg , Eickholz Peter , Doerfer Christof , Laudes Matthias , Uitterlinden André , Lieb Wolfgang , Franke Andre , Schreiber Stefan , Offenbacher Steven , Divaris Kimon , Bruckmann Corinna , Loos Bruno G. , Jepsen Søeren , Dommisch Henrik , Schäefer Arne S. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimThe intronic variant rs4252120 in the plasminogen gene (PLG) is known to be associated with aggressive periodontitis (AgP) and atherosclerosis. Here, we examined the chromosomal region spanning PLG for associations with both chronic periodontitis (CP) and AgP.Materials and MethodsThe association of PLG candidate rs4252120 was tested in a German case–control sample of 1,419 CP cases using the genotyping assay hCV11225947 and 4,562 controls, genotyped with HumanOmni BeadChips. The German and Dutch sample of AgP cases (N = 851) and controls (N = 6,836) were genotyped with HumanOmni BeadChips. The North American CP sample (N = 2,681 cases, 1,823 controls) was previously genotyped on the Genome‐Wide Human SNP Array 6.0. Genotypes were imputed (software Impute v2), and association tests were performed using an additive genetic model adjusting for sex and smoking.ResultsRs4252120 was not associated with CP. However, a haplotype block downstream of PLG and not in linkage disequilibrium with rs4252120 (r2 = .08) was associated with both AgP (rs1247559; p = .002, odds ratio [OR] = 1.33) and CP (p = .02, OR = 1.15). That locus was also significantly associated with PLG expression in osteoblasts (p = 6.9 × 10−5).ConclusionsOur findings support a role of genetic variants in PLG in the aetiology of periodontitis.
Studies on the antibody response and side effects after intramuscular and intraperitoneal injection of Atlantic lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus L.) with different oil‐based vaccines
Authors: Erkinharju T , Lundberg M R , Isdal E , Hordvik I , Dalmo R A , Seternes T 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAtlantic lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus L.) is used as a biological delousing agent for sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis K.) infestations in Norwegian aquaculture. Here, we present a study on the antibody response and vaccine side effects after intramuscular and intraperitoneal injection of lumpfish with two vaccines. Both vaccines contained bacterial antigens from atypical Aeromonas salmonicida A‐layer types V and VI, Vibrio anguillarum serotype O1 and Moritella viscosa sp., but one vaccine contained a vegetable oil‐based adjuvant, while the other contained a mineral oil‐based adjuvant. Intramuscular injection of the mineral oil‐based vaccine caused a high acute mortality of fish within 48 hr after immunization. Intraperitoneal injection of the mineral oil‐based vaccine resulted in a lower severity of intra‐abdominal side effects than the vegetable oil‐based vaccine. Intramuscular injection of the mineral oil‐based vaccine resulted in a significantly higher antibody response against A. salmonicida when compared to controls and the vegetable oil‐based vaccine group. The antibody response was poor against V. anguillarum and M. viscosa for all groups. Our results indicate that intramuscular injection of oil‐based vaccines might be feasible for providing immunological protection for Atlantic lumpfish against bacterial diseases, especially atypical A. salmonicida, but more work is required to identity optimal adjuvants.