bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of age, sex and seriousness on reporting of adverse drug reactions in Sweden
Authors: Holm Lennart , Ekman Elisabet , Jorsäter Blomgren Kerstin 
Published: January 2017

AbstractPurposeTo investigate how reporting of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) among adults in Sweden is associated to age and sex, in addition to seriousness of the reaction and drug utilisation.MethodsIndividual case safety reports (ICSRs) reported by healthcare professionals to the national pharmacovigilance database 2008–2011 were related to defined daily dose (DDD) in the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register (SPDR) for individual's ≥20 years. Data were stratified into five age groups. Crude and adjusted (by age standardisation of prescribed drugs) reporting rate (RR) and reporting rate ratio was evaluated as well as impact of sex‐dependent drugs.ResultsBased on 9898 included ICSRs, the crude results show that overall RR was almost similar for both serious and non‐serious reports and indicates highest RR in the youngest age group. Women had higher rates than men, with predominance for non‐serious reports, contrary to men who had a higher RR of serious ones. Standardisation led partly to the same result, but age‐related distribution was adjusted, with highest overall RR in the oldest age groups. Sex‐dependent drugs had marginal impact on the results.ConclusionAge and sex have impact on spontaneous reporting of ADRs. After adjusting for dispensed drugs and by standardisation of age‐related differences in prescribed drugs, results indicate that healthcare professionals more frequently reported ADRs for the oldest individuals and for women. Serious reports were more frequently reported for men. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microstructural identification of Cu in solar cells sensitive to light‐induced degradation
Authors: Luka Tabea , Turek Marko , Großer Stephan , Hagendorf Christian 
Published: January 2017

Light‐induced degradation (mc‐LID or LeTID) can lead to a severe efficiency loss in multi‐crystalline solar cells. The underlying mechanism clearly distinguishes from known mechanisms as B‐O‐LID and Fe‐B‐LID. Various defect models have been suggested for mc‐LID mainly based on metal impurities, including Cu which is known to cause light‐induced degradation. We investigate mc‐LID sensitive PERC cells that show an efficiency degradation of 15%rel. The weaker degradation of the grain boundaries (GBs) typical for mc‐LID is identified and further investigated from front and rear side with respect to recombination activities. The combination of local electrical measurements (LBIC), target preparation (REM, FIB) and element analysis (EDX, TEM) unveil Cu‐containing precipitates at the rear side of the solar cells. They accumulate at grain boundaries and at the rear surface of the Si‐bulk material where the passivation stack is damaged. We conclude that Cu originates from the cell material and discuss its relation to mc‐LID.
LBIC mapping (EQE at fixed wavelength) of a degraded mc‐Si PERC cell from front and rear side results in qualitatively different appearance of GBs.magnified imageLBIC mapping (EQE at fixed wavelength) of a degraded mc‐Si PERC cell from front and rear side results in qualitatively different appearance of GBs.
Sustainable Development, Share Price and Carbon Disclosure Interactions: Evidence From South Africa's JSE 100 Companies
Authors: Bimha Alfred , Nhamo Godwell 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe gradual reorientation of the global economy towards accommodation of the idea of sustainable development has brought new thinking in terms of how corporates address issues pertaining to harmful carbon emissions that lead to global warming and in turn climate change. Hence, since 2007 a number of companies listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) top 100 have joined the voluntary global Carbon Disclosure Project (now only known as the CDP) managed through the National Business Initiative. This initiative was partly occasioned by pressure from shareholders who wish to be associated with good environmental stewardship. The object of this paper was therefore to discover whether carbon disclosure, as a function of environmental and general disclosure, could be linked to share price movements of sampled JSE top 100 companies. The finding is that the share prices of companies that report voluntarily and participate on a regular or irregular basis in the CDP have experienced almost the same impact in terms of share price movements as a result of official disclosure of their carbon emissions. However, with the anticipated carbon tax implementation in 2014, the CDP report of 2013 demonstrated share price movement impact affecting participating companies. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Patient‐Reported Outcomes for Acute Gallstone Pathology
Authors: Parkin Ed , Stott Martyn , Brockbank Joy , Galloway Simon , Welch Ian , Macdonald Andrew 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundA number of prominent surgical trials and clinical guidelines regard length of hospital stay and rates of daycase surgery as being of upmost importance following cholecystectomy.
However, it is unclear whether these outcomes also matter to patients. This study aimed to identify the factors patients regard as most important when admitted with acute gallstone pathology.MethodsA 41‐item survey was produced by combining outcomes assessed in recent clinical trials with results from a preliminary patient questionnaire. This was then given out prospectively to patients presenting with acute gallstone pathology, prior to their cholecystectomy. Patients were asked to read an information sheet about laparoscopic cholecystectomy and then complete the survey, scoring each item out of 100 in terms of importance to them.ResultsFifty‐six patients completed the survey (43 females; median age 51 years). Diagnoses were: cholecystitis (28 patients), biliary colic (13), pancreatitis (10), common bile duct stones (3) and cholangitis (2). The top‐scoring survey item was “long‐term quality of life after surgery”, with a median value of 97 out of 100. Other high‐scoring items included “cleanliness of the ward environment” and “pain control after surgery” (both 96). The lowest‐scoring item was “being treated as a daycase” (54).ConclusionPatients with acute gallstone pathology view long‐term quality of life after surgery as the most important factor and daycase surgery as the least important. These results should be considered when planning future surgical trials and clinical guidelines.
Laparoscopic Appendectomy: Risk Factors for Postoperative Intraabdominal Abscess
Authors: Schlottmann Francisco , Sadava Emmanuel E. , Peña M. E. , Rotholtz Nicolás A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundLaparoscopic appendectomy (LA) has obtained wide acceptance over the last two decades. However, some studies suggest that there is an increased rate of intraabdominal abscess (IAA) when is compared with open appendectomy. Since postoperative IAA is associated with high morbidity, identifying predictive factors of this complication may help to prevent it. The aim of this study was to identify preoperative and intraoperative risk factors for IAA after LA.MethodsFrom January 2005 to June 2015, all charts of consecutive patients underwent to LA were revised. Demographics, clinical and intraoperative variables were analyzed. Independent risk factors for postoperative IAA were determined by logistic regression analysis.ResultsA total of 1300 LA were performed. The mean age was 34.7 (14–94) years. Two hundred and twenty‐five patients (17.3%) had complicated appendicitis with perforation and peritonitis. The conversion rate was 2.3% (30 cases). The average hospital stay was 1.6 (0–27) days. There were 30 (2.3%) postoperative IAA. In the multivariate analysis, body mass index (BMI) >30 (p 0.01), leukocytosis >20,000/mm3 (p 0.02), perforated appendicitis (p < 0.001) and operative time >90 min (p 0.04) were associated with the development of postoperative IAA. There was no mortality in the series.ConclusionPatients with obesity, leukocytosis >20,000/mm3, perforated appendicitis and surgical time longer than 90 min have a higher chance of having a postoperative IAA. A close postoperative follow‐up would be necessary in these situations in order to prevent and identify IAA after LA.
Appropriate Choice of Plate for the Posterior Malleolus: Computed Tomography Study of 122 Chinese Adult Patients
Authors: Churk-Hang Charles Li , Cheung Man-Hong , Ka-Kin Samuel Ling , Ma Chun-Man 
Published: January 2017

Background Plating of the posterior malleolus (PM) is a common procedure for treatment of PM fracture but its osteology was seldom mentioned. In this study, we evaluated the anatomy of the PM in relation to the choice of plate. Method A total of 122 adult patients with normal distal tibia computed tomography films were recruited. The width available for PM plating, total width of the PM, the inclination angle of the groove for the posterior tibial tendon, and the proportions of the width available for plating with reference to the total width were obtained. Results Presence of the groove was found in 98.4% of the patients ( n = 120). The mean width available for plating was 20.4 mm for male patients and 18.4 mm for female patients ( p<0.05). The mean inclination angle was 36.9° for male and 28.9° for female patients ( p<0.05). The ratio comparing the width available for plating with the width of the PM at the level of syndesmosis was 0.49 for both sexes. Conclusion Our study demonstrated the importance of understanding the anatomy of the PM for safe and effective plating of PM fractures. It provided estimations for appropriate width of plate and the method to evaluate the correctness by comparing with the width of the tibia.
Bolus dose of epinephrine for refractory post-arrest hypotension
Authors: Gottlieb Michael 
Published: January 2017

AbstractPost-cardiac arrest hypotension is associated with worse outcomes. However, a significant proportion of patients may not be responsive to intravenous (IV) fluids, and vasopressor infusions require significant time to initiate. This case series describes the successful use of a bolus dose of epinephrine to rapidly treat IV fluid refractory hypotension among three patients in the post-arrest period. A bolus dose of epinephrine may be considered as a treatment for post-arrest hypotension that does not respond to IV fluids, but further studies should be performed prior to routine use.
Legislation for Youth Sport Concussion in Canada: Review, Conceptual Framework, and Recommendations
Authors: Russell Kelly , Ellis Michael J. , Bauman Shannon , Tator Charles H. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn this article, we conduct a review of introduced and enacted youth concussion legislation in Canada and present a conceptual framework and recommendations for future youth sport concussion laws. We conducted online searches of federal, provincial, and territorial legislatures to identify youth concussion bills that were introduced or successfully enacted into law. Internet searches were carried out from July 26 and 27, 2016. Online searches identified six youth concussion bills that were introduced in provincial legislatures, including two in Ontario and Nova Scotia and one each in British Columbia and Quebec. One of these bills (Ontario Bill 149, Rowan’s Law Advisory Committee Act, 2016) was enacted into provincial law; it is not actual concussion legislation, but rather a framework for possible enactment of legislation. Two bills have been introduced in federal parliament but neither bill has been enacted into law. At present, there is no provincial or federal concussion legislation that directly legislates concussion education, prevention, management, or policy in youth sports in Canada. The conceptual framework and recommendations presented here should be used to guide the design and implementation of future youth sport concussion laws in Canada.
BURYING, REPATRIATING, AND LEAVING THE DEAD IN WARTIME AND POSTWAR CHINA AND TAIWAN, 1937–1955
Authors: Nedostup Rebecca 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThe burial of war dead was a key element of displacement and community formation during wartime and postwar China and Taiwan, 1937–1955. Reckoning with the physical burial and spiritual pacification of civilian as well as military dead posed practical and epistemological problems for the tens of millions forced to migrate amid shifting political and military boundaries. Various populations of living and dead refugees became increasingly politicized on the national and international levels, affecting local rituals and family burials. The accumulation of unidentified or lost bodies raised the stakes for the incorporation of the known dead into local, translocal, or national communities. The moral imperative of families and lineages to reconstitute themselves in the aftermath of war was made concrete via the extensive networks of locally-identified charitable organizations who worked to transport coffins back “home” from China's interior. The Nationalist government, meanwhile, prioritized symbolic control over military heroes in ways that ignored or eschewed burial and family ritual. The KMT and those who fled with them to Taiwan in 1949 were then cut off from their national as well as family graves, and struggled to find ritual and practical methods of overcoming or temporarily ameliorating political boundaries, geographic distance, and the passage of time.
Interactions between patients' experiences in mental health treatment and lay social network attitudes toward doctors in recovery from mental illness
Authors: PERRY BREA L. , PULLEN ERIN , PESCOSOLIDO BERNICE A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractResearch in the area of social networks and health has demonstrated that lay social network members play a critical role in the early stages of the illness career, influencing key decisions and pathways to formal care. Here, we revisit and extend this body of work, examining how the lay social network context can moderate the influence of treatment experiences on recovery outcomes as the illness career unfolds. To achieve this goal, we address two research questions, drawing on a longitudinal sample of people making their initial contact with the mental health treatment system: First, we explore how treatment experiences, lay social network characteristics, and recovery outcomes change over 2 years, beginning with the point of entry into treatment. Second, we examine whether the relationship between perceived treatment experiences and recovery outcomes is contingent on characteristics of the lay network context in which clients are socially embedded, focusing on the network's cultural orientation toward medical professionals. We find that positive treatment interactions facilitate improved self-esteem, mastery, role functioning, recovery optimism, and global functioning when the lay network culture is pro-medical, but largely have null effects on the recovery process when the lay network is more hostile to medical professionals.
Influence ofTriaenophorus nodulosusplerocercoids (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea) on the occurrence of intestinal helminths in the perch (Perca fluviatilis)
Authors: Morley N.J. , Lewis J.W. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractConcurrent infections of helminths in vertebrates are widespread and may demonstrate synergistic, antagonistic or negligible levels of interactions between species that share a common site. However, indirect interactions between species that occur in different organs of a host are poorly documented, particularly in fish. Plerocercoids ofTriaenophorus nodulosusare common liver infections of European perch (Perca fluviatilis). These larval cestodes cause extensive liver damage, resulting in systemic pathologies that include alteration of the physiochemical environment of the intestine. Perch harbour a wide range of intestinal helminths whose occurrence may be potentially influenced by the concurrent presence ofT. nodulosusplerocercoids. The present study, using an existing dataset, investigated the effects ofT. nodulosuson the infection levels of four common perch helminths –Acanthocephalus lucii, Camallanus lacustris, Proteocephalus percaeandBunodera luciopercae. The prevalences ofA. luciiandC. lacustriswere significantly reduced in fish infected byT. nodulosus, although the mean intensity of infections remained unaffected for any helminth species, while the mean abundance ofC. lacustriswas significantly reduced in plerocercoid-affected perch. Differences in site selection and individual interactions between the four helminth species in the intestine ofT. nodulosus-infected and non-infected perch were rarely observed.
Transoral laser resection of glottic carcinoma: what is the significance of anterior commissure involvement?
Authors: Stephenson K A , Fagan J J 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackground:The optimal management of glottic carcinoma involving the anterior commissure is controversial.Method:A retrospective analysis was conducted of 76 patients with glottic squamous cell carcinoma treated by transoral carbon dioxide laser resection by a single surgeon.Results:Sixty-three patients (with tumour stage Tis–T3) were eligible for inclusion. Thirty patients had involvement of the anterior commissure; these patients were significantly more likely to have either uncertain or positive margins (63.3 vs 30.3 per cent, p = 0.012), and were also more likely to receive adjuvant radiotherapy (40 vs 3.2 per cent, p = 0.0005). The overall laryngeal preservation rate was 96.8 per cent; there was no statistically significant difference between those with and without anterior commissure involvement (96.7 and 96.9 per cent respectively).Conclusion:Transoral laser resection with the use of adjuvant radiotherapy in a minority of patients with adverse pathological findings can be recommended for the primary treatment of anterior commissure glottic cancer from an oncological perspective; excellent local control and laryngeal preservation rates can be achieved.
Deficits in Social Cognition: An Unveiled Signature of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Chalah Moussa A. , Ayache Samar S. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackground and Objectives: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic progressive inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, representing the primary cause of non-traumatic disability in young adults. Cognitive dysfunction can affect patients at any time during the disease process and might alter the six core functional domains. Social cognition is a multi-component construct that includes the theory of mind, empathy and social perception of emotions from facial, bodily and vocal cues. Deficits in this cognitive faculty might have a drastic impact on interpersonal relationships and quality of life (QoL). Although exhaustive data exist for non-social cognitive functions in MS, only a little attention has been paid for social cognition. The objectives of the present work are to reappraise the definition and anatomy of social cognition and evaluate the integrity of this domain across MS studies. We will put special emphasis on neuropsychological and neuroimaging studies concerning social cognitive performance in MS. Methods:Studies were selected in conformity with PRISMA guidelines. We looked for computerized databases (PubMed, Medline, and Scopus) that index peer-reviewed journals to identify published reports in English and French languages that mention social cognition and multiple sclerosis, regardless of publication year. We combined keywords as follows: (facial emotion or facial expression or emotional facial expressions or theory of mind or social cognition or empathy or affective prosody) AND multiple sclerosis AND (MRI or functional MRI or positron emission tomography or functional imaging or structural imaging). We also scanned references from articles aiming to get additional relevant studies. Results: In total, 26 studies matched the abovementioned criteria (26 neuropsychological studies including five neuroimaging studies). Available data support the presence of social cognitive deficits even at early stages of MS. The increase in disease burden along with the “multiple disconnection syndrome” resulting from gray and white matters pathology might exceed the “threshold for cerebral tolerance” and can manifest as deficits in social cognition. Admitting the impact of the latter on patients’ social functioning, a thorough screening for such deficits is crucial to improving patients’ QoL. (JINS, 2017, 23, 266–286)
Cover crop-based reduced tillage system influences Carabidae (Coleoptera) activity, diversity and trophic group during transition to organic production
Authors: Rivers Ariel , Mullen Christina , Wallace John , Barbercheck Mary 
Published: January 2017

AbstractOrganic grain growers rely on cultural practices and biological control to regulate pests, and the implementation and timing of cultural practices can affect many characteristics of the cropping system as a habitat for natural enemies of arthropod pests. Ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in particular are important insect and weed-seed predators, and are sensitive to crop rotations, tillage and environmental complexity. In a reduced tillage system in transition to organic management, we evaluated the effect of cover crop species and termination date, crop rotation and high residue cultivation on ground and tiger beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) activity-density, community composition and size and trophic groups. The 3-year experiment included a sequence of corn (Zea maysL.), soybean (Glycine max(L.) Merr.) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL.). A mixture of hairy vetch (Vicia villosaRoth) and triticale (xTriticosecaleWittmack) preceded corn, and cereal rye (Secale cerealeL.) preceded soybean, and each crop sequence was present in each year (full-entry). We compared three cover crop termination (and cash crop planting) dates by terminating the overwintered cover crops with a roller-crimper, and immediately or soon after, we no-till planted corn and soybean through the mat created by the rolled cover crops. In the corn and soybean phases of the rotation, we also compared inter-row cultivation as a pest management strategy to a control treatment (no inter-row cultivation in corn, and an alternative row-spacing in soybean). Wheat was planted on a single date in each year into tilled soil. Carabids were sampled using pitfall traps 2 weeks after termination of the two cover crop treatments, and in mid-June in wheat. Carabid activity-density and species richness increased across the experimental site during the 3-year transition, and community evenness across the experimental site increased by the third year. Crop species influenced carabid community composition, and by the third year, the carabid community was comparable between wheat and hairy vetch-triticale cover crop. The late cover crop termination date was positively associated with higher activity-densities of large carabids in rolled hairy vetch-triticale and rolled cereal rye; carnivorous beetles in rolled hairy vetch-triticale; and granivorous beetles in rolled cereal rye. Inter-row cultivation occurring in corn and soybean resulted in a significantly higher proportion of small beetles in the wheat phase of the rotation, with a significantly higher proportion of large beetles in wheat treatments, which had not received inter-row cultivation in corn and soybean. Results have strong implications for management during the transition to organic, including the importance of plant residue, reduced tillage and timing of cover crop termination dates for augmenting carabid populations.