bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Targeting Krüppel-Like Factor 2 as a Novel Therapy for Glomerular Endothelial Cell Injury in Diabetic Kidney Disease
Authors: Min Lulin , Chen Yixin , Liu Ruijie , Li Zhengzhe , Gu Leyi , Mallipattu Sandeep , Das Bhaskar , Lee Kyung , He John Cijiang , Zhong Fang 
Published: October 2024

Key Points

Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) has emerged as a key endoprotective regulator by suppressing inflammatory and oxidative pathways, thrombotic activation, and angiogenesis.Our study now demonstrates that KLF2 protects against glomerular endothelial injury and attenuates diabetic kidney disease progression in mice.Compound 6 is a novel KLF2 activator that can potentially confer dual cardiorenal protection against diabetic complications.

Background
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a microvascular disease, and glomerular endothelial cell injury is a key pathological event in DKD development. Through unbiased screening of glomerular transcriptomes, we previously identified Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) as a highly regulated gene in diabetic kidneys. KLF2 exhibits protective effects in endothelial cells by inhibiting inflammation, thrombotic activation, and angiogenesis, all of which are protective for cardiovascular disease. We previously demonstrated that endothelial cell–specific ablation of Klf2 exacerbated diabetes-induced glomerular endothelial cell injury and DKD in mice. Therefore, in this study, we sought to assess the therapeutic potential of KLF2 activation in murine models of DKD.

Methods
We first examined the effects of endothelial cell–specific inducible overexpression of KLF2 (KLF2ov) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. We developed small molecule KLF2 activators and tested whether higher KLF2 activity could impede DKD progression in type 2 diabetic db/db and BTBR ob/ob mice.

Results
Diabetic KLF2ov mice had attenuated albuminuria, glomerular endothelial cell injury, and diabetic glomerulopathy compared with control diabetic mice. A novel KLF2 activator, compound 6 (C-6), effectively induced downstream Nos3 expression and suppressed NF-kB activation in glomerular endothelial cells. The administration of C-6 improved albuminuria and glomerulopathy in db/db and BTBR ob/ob mice, which was associated with improved glomerular endothelial cell and podocyte injury.

Conclusions
These results validate KLF2 as a potential drug target and KLF2 activators, such as C-6, as a novel therapy for DKD.
Autoantibodies Targeting Proteasome Subunit Alpha Type 1 in Autoimmune Podocytopathies
Authors: Liu Huihui , Zhou Chao , Wang Dongjie , Meng Hanyan , Zhu Shifan , Zhang Jiayu , Mao Jianhua , Ye Qing 
Published: October 2024

Key Points

Serum anti-proteasome subunit alpha type 1 (PSMA1) autoantibodies were specifically elevated in the active phase of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, which may assist in disease diagnosis and monitoring.Serum anti-PSMA1 antibodies could cause damage to the glomerular filtration barrier, which may be a pathogenic antibody of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome.PSMA1 played an important role in the maintenance of podocyte morphology and function.

Background
The antibody against proteasome subunit alpha type 1 (PSMA1) is a podocyte autoantibody in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome children identified in our previous study. The aim of this study was to explore the characteristics of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in children and the mechanism underlying its involvement in the development of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome.

Methods
The levels of serum anti-PSMA1 autoantibodies in children were detected through protein microarray and compared among different disease groups. The recombinant PSMA1 protein was injected subcutaneously and intraperitoneally into mice to observe glomerular morphology and function. The PSMA1-knockdown and PSMA1-overexpressing cell lines were constructed from mouse podocytes, and their cytoskeleton and function were analyzed. Homozygous zebrafish with psma1 knockout were observed.

Results
The levels of serum anti-PSMA1 autoantibodies were higher in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome and varied with urinary protein. In mice immunized with PSMA1, the presence of serum anti-PSMA1 autoantibody caused albuminuria and damage to the glomerular filtration membrane. Deficiency of PSMA1 impaired the podocyte cytoskeleton and physiological function. Complete deletion of psma1 caused edema, abnormal glomerular morphology, and effacement of foot processes in zebrafish.

Conclusions
PSMA1 played an important role in the maintenance of podocyte morphology and function.
Tick-borne encephalitis and differential diagnosis
Authors: Ochman-Pasierbek Patrycja , Olczyk Przemysław , Matlakiewicz Magdalena , Paprocka Justyna , Kalinowska-Doman Adrianna 
Published: October 2024

WprowadzenieKleszczowe zapalenie mózgu (<i>tick-borne encephalitis</i> – TBE) jest chorobą wywoływaną przez wirusa kleszczowego zapalenia mózgu, który jest przenoszony przez ukąszenia kleszczy. Rozpowszechnienie TBE ocenia się na 10,000–15,000 przypadków rocznie i jest porównywalne dla krajów europejskich i azjatyckich. Około 10–20% wszystkich zainfekowanych osób jest w wieku dziecięcym. Znaczna większość, bo aż 70–98% z nich, przechodzi tę chorobę bezobjawowo lub jest niezdiagnozowana. Do głównych objawów klinicznych zalicza się zapalenie opon mózgowo-rdzeniowych (obecne w 69% przypadków) i mózgu (30%) oraz rdzenia kręgowego (1%). U około 2,1% pacjentów rozwijają się długotrwałe następstwa neurologiczne.MetodykaArtykuły do pracy zostały wybrane z trzech ogólnodostępnych baz danych. Wykorzystano
w tym celu następujące hasła: „infection/epidemiology” + „tick bites/tick-borne encephalitis” + „clinical manifestation/pathogenesis/treatment” oraz „aseptic/viral/bacterial” + „encephalitis/meningitis”. Ostatecznie wybrano 71 prac naukowych i 8 witryn internetowych opublikowanych w latach 1995–2023.Stan wiedzyTBE, ze względu na wektor kleszczowy, może być różnicowane z takimi jednostkami chorobowymi jak: babeszjoza, borelioza, południowa wysypka związana z kleszczami (<i>southern tick-associated rash illness</i> – STARI), chlamydioza, erlichioza, gorączka kleszczowa Kolorado (<i>Colorado tick fever</i> – CTF), wirus Heartland (HRTV), wirus Powassan (POWV), anaplazmoza granulocytarna, dur powrotny (<i>tick-borne relapsing fever</i> – TBRF), toksoplazmoza, tularemia, riketsjozy; lub z jednostkami o podobnej symptomatologii, takimi jak: udar mózgu, bruceloza, mononukleoza zakaźna (<i>infectious mononucleosis</i> – IM), żółta febra (<i>yellow fever</i> – YF), japońskie zapalenie mózgu (<i>Japanese encephalitis</i> – JE), inne wirusowe zapalenie opon mózgowo-rdzeniowych, mózgu, rdzenia kręgowego oraz aseptyczne zapalenie opon mózgowo-rdzeniowych.WnioskiDiagnostyka różnicowa TBE jest obszerna i powinna obejmować szeroki zakres zakażeń ośrodkowego układu nerwowego wywołanych zarówno przez inne czynniki zakaźne, jak i choroby niezakaźne.
The Mathematics of Plato's Psychophysics of Colour
Authors: Redding Paul 
Published: October 2024

Aristotle is often looked to as providing a potentially appropriate model for a naturalistic human psychology that is able to reconcile the commonly opposed normative or “manifest” and factual or “scientific” images of the world. In contrast, this paper argues for the greater relevance of Plato’s comparatively neglected approach, exploring this in the context of a psychophysics of colour perception—a topic still resistant to formalization in modern science. While Plato’s natural philosophy is often dismissed as caught up in a fanciful pre-scientific approach based on the “harmonies” of Pythagorean music theory (the so-called “music of the spheres”), it is argued that such Pythagorean harmony theory had actually provided Plato with the rudiments of contemporary mathematical tools useful for the study of colour phenomena, tools such as projective geometry, linear algebra, algebraic topology, and graph theory. It is argued that Plato’s approach to the psychophysics of colour underlies the colour phenomena discovered by Goethe in the nineteenth century, phenomena that are consistent with modern mathematical analyses of order. It is Plato, not Aristotle, whose work is suggestive of a successful psychophysical approach to colour.
Exploring Strategies to Market SMEs Activities: The Role of Personality Traits and Travel Motivations towards Tourist Activities
Authors: Moisa Delia Gabriela , Parapanos Demos , Heap Tim 
Published: October 2024

Traditionally, professionals in the tourism sector have been encouraged to segment their market based on socio-demographic variables. However, the multifaceted nature of tourist activity calls for consideration of psychological factors to effectively shape marketing strategies. This study aims to provide insights for tourism industry practitioners by investigating the roles of tourists’ personalities and travel motivations in shaping their activities, and commitment to sustainability in Cumbria, home to UNESCO World Heritage Sites like The Lake District National Park, and Hadrian&#039;s Wall. Data was collected using quantitative methods to identify correlations between personality traits, travel motivations, and tourist activities. Additionally, a qualitative focus group with SME representatives from Cumbria provided insights into their understanding of the model. The findings provide significant insights into how the relationship between personality traits, travel motivations and tourist activities benefit tourism SMEs. By comprehending tourist behaviour, SMEs can tailor their offerings to appeal to the right audience, mitigating the adverse effects of overtourism, and therefore do more than allude to the concept of sustainability. Using these insights, SMEs could make informed decisions and create more effective marketing strategies, fostering sustainable practices that benefit both their customers and the long-term viability of their businesses and the destination.
Smartphone App-Based Remote Monitoring Challenges in Patients with Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Defibrillator – a Multicenter Study
Authors: Kowal Dagmar , Prech Marek , Katarzyńska-Szymańska Agnieszka , Baszko Artur , Skonieczny Grzegorz , Wabich Elżbieta , Kempa Maciej , Rubiś Błażej , Mitkowski Przemysław 
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Remote monitoring (RM) of cardiac implantable electronic devices for adults offers improved patient outcomes. However, bedside transmitters utilized so far are not optimal due to limited patient adherence. The goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of RM regarding the connectivity of smartphone app-based solutions, adherence to planned automatic follow-ups, and occurrence of alert-based events. Methods: We evaluated the adult heart failure (HF) population with implanted cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator (CRT-D) divided into two arms: with app-based RM (abRM) and without app-based RM (control). Results: A total of 81 patients (median age of 69.0) were included in our study. 65 patients received a CRT-D with abRM functionality, and 16 did not. 12 patients had no smartphone, and 2 provided no consent, resulting in their transfer to the control group. Finally abRM arm consisted of 51 patients, while 30 patients were in the control group. Median period of follow-up lasted 12 months. Among abRM patients, 98.0% successfully transmitted their first scheduled follow-up, and 80.4% were continuously monitored. Alert-based events were mainly related to arrhythmic events and device functionality with significantly shorter median time to notification (1 day vs. 101 days; p&amp;lt;0.0001) in the abRM group. Conclusions: Our study showed a high level of compliance with timely initial transmission and adherence to scheduled remote follow-ups. Patient enrollment eligibility was a major challenge due to the limited accessibility of smartphones in the population. App-based RM demonstrated an accurate notification of events and patient-initiated transmissions in emergencies, regardless of location.
Enhancing Oil Recovery in Eagle Ford Shale: A Multiscale Simulation Study of Surfactant Huff ’n’ Puff Methodology
Authors: Zhang J. , Zhang R. , Ataceri I. , Sarmah A. , Schechter D. , Gildin E. 
Published: October 2024

Summary
In this paper, we present a simulation case study of a surfactant huff ’n’ puff pilot in the black oil window of the Eagle Ford (EF) Shale. The target horizontal well, which had been depleted for nearly 8 years, underwent stimulation via a surfactant huff ’n’ puff treatment. The surfactant was selected through laboratory screening using reservoir rock and fluid samples. After a 17-hour injection and a 1-month shut-in period, the well’s production increased fivefold from the baseline oil rate, sustaining incremental oil production for at least 2 years. The surfactant enhances oil recovery by altering rock wettability toward a more water-wet state and moderating oil/water interfacial tension (IFT). This process is modeled by surfactant adsorption in the simulator, indicating the degree of dynamic changes in relative permeability (krl) and capillary pressure (Pc) curves. We propose a comprehensive workflow comprising three stages: development of core-scale and field-scale models, sequential model calibrations, and multiobjective optimization to integrate laboratory measurements and field data from this pilot into multiscale numerical simulations. By matching oil recoveries from imbibition experiments on the core model and field production histories on the field model, krl and Pc profiles of two extreme states, basic reservoir properties, and additional reservoir properties altered during huff ’n’ puff operations are characterized. The matched core model reproduces a 15.1% incremental oil recovery for surfactant-assisted spontaneous imbibition (SASI) process relative to pure brine imbibition process. The matched reservoir model predicts the surfactant huff ’n’ puff treatment increases the oil production by 21.9% relative to water huff ’n’ puff treatment and by 52.9% relative to primary depletion for a 4-year period. The calibrated reservoir model also serves as a base case for optimizing well operation schedules through the implementation of a multiobjective genetic algorithm. The surfactant injection rate, injection time, and well shut-in time of the base case are varied to achieve higher oil production and reduced surfactant usage. Statistical analysis of eight trade-off cases indicates that optimal well operations, compared with existing practices, frequently involve increased injection rates [16.6–18.9 barrels per minute (bpm)], shorter injection periods (10–11.3 hours), and prolonged shut-indurations (49–65 days). This workflow offers valuable insights into surfactant huff ’n’ puff treatments for unconventional reservoirs, thereby facilitating the optimization of well operations and maximizing tertiary oil recovery.
A case of rhabdomyolysis in Sudan
Authors: Taha Mohammed Mohammed , Azhary Ayman , Hajhamed Nooh Mohamed , Mohammed Salahdeen Ismail , Mohamed Nouh Saad , Alkhatim Waleed Azhary Sir 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Rhabdomyolysis is characterized by the breakdown of the sarcolemmal membrane and the discharge of intracellular materials into the bloodstream. This condition has high mortality rates. Therefore, this case report will be valuable in adding knowledge for preventing the severe aftereffects of rhabdomyolysis, such as AKI, heart failure, metabolic acidosis, and early hypocalcemia, as well as in promoting early diagnosis and treatment. We present a case of a Sudanese soldier with complicated rhabodomyolysis. A 40-year-old soldier, with a clear medical background apart from heavy smoking, presented to the emergency room (ER) with chest pain and right lower limb pain for one day. On further questioning, he had a history of dark urine and muscle cramps after heavy military exercise five days ago. In the ER after assessment, he was diagnosed with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and was out of the thrombolysis window. He also had right lower limb ischemia, confirmed by Doppler ultrasonography, in addition to an acute kidney injury. He was admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), developed ischemic cardiomyopathy, and had a large left ventricular thrombus. His creatine kinase (CK) level was very high (52000 U/L), and his renal impairment was attributed to rhbdomyolysis. He received conservative treatment for ischemic cardiomyopathy and acute kidney injury (AKI) and underwent an embolectomy for his right lower limb ischemia. On the third day of ICU admission, he developed left lower limb ischemia, for which he underwent an embolectomy again. After 10 days of admission, his renal profile returned to normal with conservative treatment, and he is due to continue follow-up with the cardiology and surgical departments. Complicated rhabdomyolysis normally leads to acute kidney injury; therefore, rapid recognition and comprehensive management of the underlying causes can lead to favorable outcomes, including renal function recovery and reduced need for dialysis.
Analytical Prediction of Electromagnetic Performance for Surface- embedded Permanent Magnet In-wheel Machines Considering Iron's Nonlinearity
Authors: Zhang Heshan , Fan Mengwei , Qiao Jie , He Xianjin , Yang Minglei , Tuo Jiying 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Accurate magnetic field calculation is the premise of electromagnetic performance prediction. Conventional subdomain (SD) techniques assume that the iron's relative permeability is infinite, leading to falsely overestimated flux density. We propose an accurate magnetic field analytical model for permanent magnet (PM) in-wheel machines considering iron's magnetization nonlinearity and saturation. Specifically, according to the excitation source and topology, the entire solution domain of the machine is divided into sub-regions such as stator slots/teeth, stator slot-openings/tooth-tips, air-gap, and rotor slots/teeth, etc. Poisson's or Laplace's magnetic vector potential (MVP) equations are solved using Maxwell's electromagnetic theory and complex Fourier series methods in each sub-region. Specifically, in our approach, The Cauchy product theorem addresses the discontinuous magnetic permeability change at the slot and tooth interface. The machine's magnetic saturation effect is considered by combining the actual magnetization characteristics of iron with an iterative algorithm. The general solution for the MVP is solved using the boundary conditions between adjacent subregions. Subsequently, electromagnetic properties such as air-gap flux density, back electromotive force (EMF), and electromagnetic torque are obtained. The accuracy of the analytical model is verified by finite element analysis (FEA) and prototype tests, which proved that the proposed analytical model can consider the iron's nonlinearity and the magnetic saturation. In addition, the inaccurate overestimation of electromagnetic torque and air-gap magnetic flux density by the conventional SD techniques has also been proven.
Complexities in achieving air pollution-related equity goals through a net-zero transition in the United States
Authors: Peng Wei , Wang Pengfei , Budolfson Mark , Deshpande Aniruddha , Wagner Fabian , Errickson Frank , Huang Xinyuan , Iyer Gokul , Loughlin Daniel H , Nolte Christopher , Smith Steven , Shiwang Jinyu , Scovronick Noah 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions will be accompanied by air quality improvements. The potential for these ‘co-benefits’ has been demonstrated globally and in the United States, but the impact on disparities in air pollution exposure is not well understood. Here we couple a state-level energy system model with air quality modeling to project fine-scale pollution impacts of the transition to a net zero economy. We find that achieving net zero in the United States leads to substantial reductions in PM2.5 and ozone overall, but not everywhere, and that its influence on exposure disparities is complex. The two pollutants sometimes move in opposite directions, as do the effects on future disparities across socioeconomic groups. Future meteorology plays an underappreciated role; more warming can flip a reduction in an exposure disparity to an increase in some areas, even when holding emissions constant, suggesting that the level of climate action by other nations will impact air pollution exposure inequities within the United States.
Analysis of the efficacy of two molecular adjuvants,flagellin and IFN-γ,on the immune response against Streptococcus agalactiae in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: elumalai Preetham , Lakshmi Sreeja , kumar Nandha , Guha Ritam , Wang Alex , Wangkahart Eakapol , Wang Tiehui 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Aquaculture industry frequently encounters disease outbreaks, high mortalities as well as emergence of new pathogens due to its intensification. Streptococcus agalactiae (Lancefield’s group B Streptococcus) is an important pathogen extensively causing infectious diseases in tilapia resulting in huge economic loss and mortality rates. To date, vaccination has been approved to be successful in defending infectious diseases prevailing among farmed fish species. This study aimed to develop an S. agalactiae inactivated vaccine (SAIV) using molecular adjuvants- flagellin and tilapia interferon gamma (IFN-γ), and to assess the generated immune response and protective efficacy of the adjuvant incorporated vaccine against the S. agalactiae infection in Nile tilapia. The fish were vaccinated with SAIV together with either flagellin or IFN-γ and both together by intraperitoneal injection. The vaccinated fish were challenged with a virulent strain of S. agalactiae on day 36 and monitored three weeks for cumulative mortality. The results showed that the vaccine offered significant protection with relative percentage survival (RPS) of 59.37%, 71.87% and 81.25% observed for bacterin vaccine adjuvanted with flagellin, IFN-γ and both, respectively, with an RPS of 15.62% for the unadjuvanted bacterin control group after challenge with S. agalactiae. The vaccine induced specific IgM antibodies against S. agalactiae in the vaccinated groups and the antibody response was significantly increased following booster vaccination in the fishes administered with vaccine adjuvanted with flagellin, IFN-γ and both. Furthermore, after vaccination MHC-II and IgM gene expression was found significantly upregulated in head kidney and spleen, in line with elevated specific IgM titer. Innate immune parameters including catalase, lysozyme, superoxide dismutase, myeloperoxidase and bactericidal activities were significantly increased in fishes immunized when compared to the unvaccinated controls (P < 0.05). Histopathological examinations with tissue sections of head kidney, spleen, liver, kidney, gills and brain were performed from fish vaccinated and non-vaccinated showed mild infiltrations. In conclusion, flagellin and IFN-γ have shown potential for use as molecular adjuvants to enhance the efficacy of fish vaccines against S. agalactiae infections.
EMobileViT:Multi-head linear attention backbone for edge devices
Authors: Liu Yang , Zhang Jieliang , Chen Liwen , Liu ChunYu , Zeng Yubin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Nowadays, artificial intelligence has become an indispensable part of industrial production and life. The performance of edge devices in robots or mobile device can not control the needs of high-performance models. Therefore, it is essential to design a lightweight model that guarantees high accuracy and low latency for edge devices. Hence, this paper proposes a edge device-friendly lightweight backbone network called EMobileViT. On the basis of MobileViT-v2, we change the connection and fusion method of the feature map to extract and retain richer features, and use a multi-head linear Transformer and Context Broadcasting(CB) module to speed up and improve the operating efficiency of the model. In this paper, we set up multiple sets of experiments to verify the effectiveness and practicality of various improvements. The experimental results show that our EMobileViT model at the edge devices, the accuracy rate can be improved by 5.2% under the premise that the latency is almost unchanged.