bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changing tastes: learning hunger and fullness after gastric bypass surgery
Authors: Hillersdal Line , Christensen Bodil J. , Holm Lotte 
Published: November 2016

AbstractGastric bypass surgery is a specific medical technology that alters the body in ways that force patients to fundamentally change their eating habits. When patients enrol for surgery, they enter a learning process, encountering new and at times contested ways of sensing their bodies, tasting, and experiencing hunger and fullness. In this paper, we explore how patients begin to eat again after gastric bypass surgery. The empirical data used here are drawn from a Danish fieldwork study of individuals undergoing obesity surgery. The material presented shows how the patients used instructions on how to eat. We explore the ways in which diverse new experiences and practices of hunger and fullness are part of the process of undergoing surgery for severe obesity. New sensory experiences lead to uncertainty; as a result, patients practice what we term mimetic eating, which reflects a ‘sensory displacement’ and hence a rupture in the person's sense of self and social relations. We suggest that eating should be conceptualised as a practice that extends beyond the boundaries of our bodies and into diverse realms of relations and practices, and that changing the way we eat also changes the fundamentally embodied experience of who we are.
Durable Domestic Dreams: Exploring Homes in Estonian Socialist‐era Summerhouse Settlements
Authors: Nuga Mari , Leetmaa Kadri , Tammaru Tiit 
Published: November 2016

Abstract‘Home’ and the connotations of this term are little understood in the context of post‐socialist Central and Eastern Europe. While modern suburban living was rather unusual in this region under socialism, more and more people live in suburbia today. This article concerns itself with the homes of residents in the former socialist‐era summerhouse settlements in Estonia. Its aim is to further an understanding of the origins and (dis)continuities of the notion of home for individuals living in a post‐socialist environment. This study is based on ethnographic fieldwork. In this article, we present socialist and post‐socialist housing in context and describe how it has been shaped by changes in society. Our findings show that the homes of informants appear to strengthen their sense of freedom, autonomy and stability, while simultaneously inspiring their dreams and imaginations of home.
The Relation Between Earnings Management and Non‐GAAP Reporting
Authors: Black Ervin L. , Christensen Theodore E. , Taylor Joo T. , Schmardebeck Roy 
Published: November 2016

AbstractManagers have a variety of tools at their disposal to influence stakeholder perceptions. Earnings management and the strategic reporting of non‐GAAP earnings are just two of the available menu choices. We explore how real earnings management and accruals management influence the probability that a company will disclose a non‐GAAP adjusted earnings metric in its earnings press release and the likelihood that it will do so aggressively. We first investigate situations where managers already meet analysts’ expectations either based on strong operating performance or after employing real and accruals management. We find that when solid operating performance alone allows firms to meet expectations, managers do not employ earnings management or non‐GAAP reporting. However, when managers meet expectations using real and accruals management, they are significantly less likely to report a non‐GAAP earnings metric. Next, we explore scenarios where companies fall short of expectations. We find that when they just miss expectations after managing GAAP earnings, they are significantly more likely to employ non‐GAAP reporting, suggesting that the timing and relatively costless nature of non‐GAAP reporting allows managers to appear to meet expectations on a non‐GAAP basis when managed GAAP earnings fall short. Moreover, we find that companies are more likely to report non‐GAAP earnings (and to do so aggressively) when (i) they are unable to use real or accruals earnings management, (ii) are constrained by prior‐period accruals management, and (iii) their operating performance is poor. Taken together, our results are consistent with a substitute relation between non‐GAAP reporting and both real and accruals management.
The Influence of Mixers Containing Artificial Sweetener or Different Doses of Carbohydrate on Breath Alcohol Responses in Females
Authors: Smith Cassie , Herzig Peter John , Davey Andrew , Desbrow Ben , Irwin Christopher 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundBreath alcohol responses may be affected by the presence of carbohydrate (CHO) in a beverage. This study investigated the impact of consuming alcohol with mixers containing various doses of CHO or an artificial sweetener on breath alcohol concentration (BrAC), ratings of intoxication and impairment, and cognitive performance in females.MethodsTwenty‐six females (age 25.1 ± 0.7 years, mean ± standard deviation) completed a crossover study involving 4 trials. A dose of alcohol was consumed in each trial mixed with water (W), artificial sweetener (150 ± 1 mg aspartame [AS]), or CHO (15 g sucrose [15CHO] and 50 g sucrose [50CHO]). BrAC was sampled for 210 minutes following beverage ingestion and analyzed for peak BrAC and other parameters using WinNonlin noncompartmental pharmacokinetic modeling (cmax, tmax, area under the curve to the last measured time point [AUClast]). An objective measure of cognitive performance was assessed using a 4‐choice reaction time (CRT) task. Estimation of BrAC, self‐reported ratings of intoxication, and willingness to drive were recorded.ResultsMean peak BrAC was reduced in a dose–response manner when alcohol was consumed with CHO compared to both W and AS treatments (W: 0.054 ± 0.015%, AS: 0.052 ± 0.011%, 15CHO: 0.049 ± 0.008%, 50CHO: 0.038 ± 0.007%). No difference in peak BrAC was observed between W and AS treatments. WinNonlin parameters revealed significant differences in cmax and AUClast (W: 4.80 ± 1.12 g/dl/h, AS: 4.61 ± 0.92 g/dl/h, 15CHO: 4.10 ± 0.86 g/dl/h, 50CHO: 3.11 ± 0.58 g/dL/h) when CHO‐containing beverages were consumed compared to W and AS treatments. No difference in tmax or CRT was observed between treatments. Participants were able to detect subtle differences in peak BrAC and reported greater ability to drive after consuming 50CHO compared to W. However, participant's willingness to drive and CRT did not differ between treatments.ConclusionsConsuming alcohol with CHO‐containing mixers attenuates peak BrAC and reduces total alcohol exposure in a dose–response manner compared to drinks containing artificial sweetener or no additives. The effect of adding CHO to alcoholic beverages may translate to reduced risk of alcohol‐related harms.
Liquidity in Up and Down Markets for Asset Pricing: Evidence from the Taiwan Stock Market
Authors: Shih Yi‐Cheng , Su Xuan‐Qi 
Published: November 2016

AbstractUsing a sample of stocks listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange during 1991–2014, this study investigates the liquidity in up and down markets, which is important for understanding asset pricing. Firm‐level original Amihud, Journal of Financial Markets, 5, 2002, 31. illiquidity is decomposed into two half‐Amihud measures for up‐ and down‐market days. First, we show that the ability of the down‐market liquidity level to explain the cross‐section of returns subsumes the up‐market liquidity level. Second, only loadings on systematic down‐market liquidity factors are significantly priced. Third, a liquidity risk factor constructed by the down‐market component, rather than the up‐market component significantly explains the time‐series and cross‐sectional variation in returns sorted by firm size, suggesting that the liquidity risk factor associated with down‐market days performs better in capturing the flight‐to‐liquidity. Overall, the findings support the view that the liquidity in down markets plays a more important role in asset pricing than the liquidity in up markets.
RHS6 coordinately regulates the Th2 cytokine genes by recruiting GATA3, SATB1, and IRF4
Authors: Hwang S. S. , Jang S. W. , Lee K. O. , Kim H. S. , Lee G. R. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundAsthma is a Th2 cell‐driven inflammatory disease and a major public health concern. The cis‐acting element Rad50 hypersensitive site 6 (RHS6) in the Th2 locus control region is essential for regulation of the Th2 cytokine genes; however, its role in allergic airway inflammation and underlying molecular mechanisms of the regulation by RHS6 are poorly understood.ObjectiveWe sought to understand the role of RHS6 in the development of allergic airway inflammation and its molecular mechanism for Th2 cytokine expression.MethodsWe used an ovalbumin‐induced allergic inflammation model with RHS6‐deficient mice to examine the role of RHS6 in this process. To examine molecular mechanism of RHS6 for Th2 cytokine expression, we used DNA affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry, quantitative RT‐PCR, ELISA, intracellular cytokine staining, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and co‐immunoprecipitation.ResultsDeletion of RHS6 caused a dramatic resistance to allergic airway inflammation. RHS6 recruited transcription factors GATA3, SATB1, and IRF4, which play important roles in expression of all three Th2 cytokine genes. RHS6 deficiency caused inhibition of transcription factor‐induced Th2 cytokine gene expression.ConclusionRHS6 is a critical regulatory element for allergic airway inflammation and for coordinate regulation of Th2 cytokine genes by recruiting GATA3, SATB1, and IRF4.
Sleep differences in one‐year‐old children were related to obesity risks based on their parents’ weight according to baseline longitudinal study data
Authors: Ekstedt Mirjam , Darkeh Mojgan Haji Seyed Ebrahim , Xiu Lijuan , Forssén Michaela , Johansson Elin , Ek Anna , Svensson Viktoria , Ekbom Kerstin , Marcus Claude 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAimParental obesity is the predominant risk factor for child obesity. We compared sleep in one‐year‐old children with different obesity risks, based on parental weight, and explored associations with weight, parental sleep and family factors.MethodsBaseline data from 167 families participating in a longitudinal obesity prevention programme was used. Sleep patterns were compared between groups with high and low obesity risks, based on parental weight, and associations between child sleep and weight status, family obesity risk and parental sleep were explored. Sleep was assessed using child sleep diaries and standard parental questionnaires.ResultsLater bedtime, longer sleep onset latency and lower sleep efficiency were observed among children in the high‐risk group. Child sleep onset latency was associated with the family obesity risk (β = 0.25, p = 0.001), child bedtime with both maternal (β = 0.33, p < 0.01) and paternal bedtime (β = 0.22, p < 0.05) and child sleep efficiency with maternal sleep quality (β = 0.20, p < 0.01). The child's bedtime was weakly associated with their body mass index (β = 0.17, p < 0.05).ConclusionSleep differed between one‐year‐old children with high or low obesity risks, based on their parents’ body mass index, and was associated with the family obesity risk and parental sleep. The child's bedtime was weakly associated with their weight status.
Biology of VO2max: looking under the physiology lamp
Authors: Lundby C. , Montero D. , Joyner M. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn this review, we argue that several key features of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) should underpin discussions about the biological and reductionist determinants of its interindividual variability: (i) training‐induced increases in VO2max are largely facilitated by expansion of red blood cell volume and an associated improvement in stroke volume, which also adapts independent of changes in red blood cell volume. These general concepts are also informed by cross‐sectional studies in athletes that have very high values for VO2max. Therefore, (ii) variations in VO2max improvements with exercise training are also likely related to variations in these physiological determinants. (iii) All previously untrained individuals will respond to endurance exercise training in terms of improvements in VO2max provided the stimulus exceeds a certain volume and/or intensity. Thus, genetic analysis and/or reductionist studies performed to understand or predict such variations might focus specifically on DNA variants or other molecular phenomena of relevance to these physiological pathways.
Targeting multiple pathways reduces renal and cardiac fibrosis in rats with subtotal nephrectomy followed by coronary ligation
Authors: Oosterhuis N. R. , Bongartz L. G. , Verhaar M. C. , Cheng C. , Xu Y. J. , van Koppen A. , Cramer M. J. , Goldschmeding R. , Gaillard C. A. , Doevendans P. A. , Braam B. , Joles J. A. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAimMultiple interacting pathways contribute to progression of renal and cardiac damage in chronic kidney disease followed by chronic heart failure (renocardiac syndrome). We hypothesized that simultaneous pharmacological modulation of critical pathways implicated in renocardiac syndrome would effectively reduce fibrosis in and preserve function of heart and kidney.MethodsRats were subjected to subtotal nephrectomy followed 9 weeks later by coronary artery ligation. From week 11 until week 16, rats received vehicle or losartan, or a combination of the NF‐kB inhibitor PDTC, the NO donor molsidomine and superoxide dismutase mimetic tempol, or a combination of all four of these plus metoprolol together. At week 16, renal and cardiac structure, function and gene expression were assessed.ResultsIndividual and combined treatments were similarly effective in limiting cardiac fibrosis and further decline in systolic function. Combined treatment with all five drugs reduced renal fibrosis and CTGF gene expression more effectively than other strategies. Combining all five drugs reduced heart rate, inotropy and mean arterial pressure (MAP).ConclusionThus, in our model of chronic renocardiac syndrome, combined treatments similarly decreased cardiac fibrosis and stabilized systolic function as losartan alone, perhaps suggesting a dominant role for a single factor such as angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor activation or inflammation in the network of aberrant systems in the heart. However, tubulointerstitial fibrosis was most effectively reduced by a five‐drug regimen, pointing to additive effects of multiple pathophysiological pathways in the kidney.
Validity study of Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 items for Internet screening in depression among Chinese university students
Authors: Du Na , Yu Kexin , Ye Yan , Chen Shulin 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundInternet intervention in Chinese university students would be a possible approach to overcome the gap between high rate of depression and high rates of underdiagnosis and undertreatment. As a popular measure of screening, the feasibility and user satisfaction of Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 items for online program were tested.MethodsThe subjects were enrolled based on an email list from the students' office of a Chinese university, and 300 undergraduate students were randomly invited of which 230 (76.7%) students were willing to participate in the study and completed the first test. After 2 weeks, a subsample of 150 (65.2%) subjects were randomly chosen to retake the test for the test‐retest reliability. And 81 (35.2%) among the 230 subjects were randomly selected to undergo the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview within 48 hours. Among 150 subjects, 120 (52.2%) completed client satisfaction questionnaire about this online screening program.Results(1) The Cronbach alpha was 0.80 and the test‐retest reliability was 0.78. (2) The optimal cutoff score of 10 revealed a sensitivity of 0.74 and specificity of 0.85, with an area under the curve of 0.897 (95% confidence interval, 0.823‐0.970). (3) The mean duration of administration was 3.5 minutes. (4) Satisfaction with the online screening program was highly appreciated.ConclusionsThe results indicated potential value of the online screening program for further Internet‐administrated programs of depression among Chinese university students.
Distinguishing medication‐free subjects with unipolar disorder from subjects with bipolar disorder: state matters
Authors: Rive Maria M , Redlich Ronny , Schmaal Lianne , Marquand André F , Dannlowski Udo , Grotegerd Dominik , Veltman Dick J , Schene Aart H , Ruhé Henricus G 
Published: November 2016

ObjectivesRecent studies have indicated that pattern recognition techniques of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data for individual classification may be valuable for distinguishing between major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD). Importantly, medication may have affected previous classification results as subjects with MDD and BD use different classes of medication. Furthermore, almost all studies have investigated only depressed subjects. Therefore, we focused on medication‐free subjects. We additionally investigated whether classification would be mood state independent by including depressed and remitted subjects alike.MethodsWe applied Gaussian process classifiers to investigate the discriminatory power of structural MRI (gray matter volumes of emotion regulation areas) and resting‐state fMRI (resting‐state networks implicated in mood disorders: default mode network [DMN], salience network [SN], and lateralized frontoparietal networks [FPNs]) in depressed (n=42) and remitted (n=49) medication‐free subjects with MDD and BD.ResultsDepressed subjects with MDD and BD could be classified based on the gray matter volumes of emotion regulation areas as well as DMN functional connectivity with 69.1% prediction accuracy. Prediction accuracy using the FPNs and SN did not exceed chance level. It was not possible to discriminate between remitted subjects with MDD and BD.ConclusionsFor the first time, we showed that medication‐free subjects with MDD and BD can be differentiated based on structural MRI as well as resting‐state functional connectivity. Importantly, the results indicated that research concerning diagnostic neuroimaging tools distinguishing between MDD and BD should consider mood state as only depressed subjects with MDD and BD could be correctly classified. Future studies, in larger samples are needed to investigate whether the results can be generalized to medication‐naïve or first‐episode subjects.
αvβ3 integrins negatively regulate cellular forces by phosphorylation of its distal NPXY site
Authors: Milloud Rachel , Destaing Olivier , de Mets Richard , Bourrin‐Reynard Ingrid , Oddou Christiane , Delon Antoine , Wang Irène , Albigès‐Rizo Corinne , Balland Martial 
Published: November 2016

Background informationIntegrins are key receptors that allow cells to sense and respond to their mechanical environment. Although they bind the same ligand, β1 and β3 integrins have distinct and cooperative roles in mechanotransduction.ResultsUsing traction force microscopy on unconstrained cells, we show that deleting β3 causes traction forces to increase, whereas the deletion of β1 integrin results in a strong decrease of contractile forces. Consistently, loss of β3 integrin also induces an increase in β1 integrin activation. Using a genetic approach, we identified the phosphorylation of the distal NPXY domain as an essential process for β3 integrin to be able to modulate traction forces. Loss of β3 integrins also impacted cell shape and the spatial distribution of traction forces, by causing forces to be generated closer to the cell edge, and the cell shape.ConclusionsOur results emphasize the role of β3 integrin in spatial distribution of cellular forces. We speculate that, by modulating its affinity with kindlin, β3 integrins may be able to locate near the cell edge where it can control β1 integrin activation and clustering.SignificanceTensional homeostasis at the single cell level is performed by the ability of β3 adhesions to negatively regulate the activation degree and spatial localization of β1 integrins. By combining genetic approaches and new tools to analyze traction distribution and cell morphology on a population of cells we were able to identify the molecular partners involved in cellular forces regulation.
Mitochondrial VDAC2 and cell homeostasis: highlighting hidden structural features and unique functionalities
Authors: Maurya Svetlana Rajkumar , Mahalakshmi Radhakrishnan 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTVoltage‐dependent anion channels (VDACs) are the gateway to mitochondrial processes, interlinking the cytosolic and mitochondrial compartments. The mitochondrion acts as a storehouse for cytochrome c, the effector of apoptosis, and hence VDACs become intricately involved in the apoptotic pathway. Isoform 1 of VDAC is abundant in the outer mitochondrial membrane of many cell types, while isoform 2 is the preferred channel in specialized cells including brain and some cancer cells. The primary role of VDACs is metabolite flux. The pro‐ and anti‐apoptotic role of VDAC1 and VDAC2, respectively, are secondary, and are influenced by external factors and interacting proteins. Herein, we focus on the less‐studied VDAC2, and shed light on its unique functions and features. VDAC2, along with sharing many of its functions with VDAC1, such as metabolite and Ca2+ transport, also has many delineating functions. VDAC2 is closely engaged in the gametogenesis and steroidogenesis pathways and in protection from oxidative stress as well as in neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and epilepsy. A closer examination of the functional pathways of VDACs indicates that the unique functions of VDAC2 are a result of the different interactome of this isoform. We couple functional differences to the structural and biophysical evidence obtained for the VDACs, and present a testament of why the two VDAC isoforms with >90% sequence similarity, are functionally diverse. Based on these differences, we suggest that the VDAC isoforms now be considered as paralogs. An in‐depth understanding of VDAC2 will help us to design better biomolecule targets for cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.
Synthesis and preliminary evaluation of a 99mTc‐labeled folate‐PAMAM dendrimer for FR imaging
Authors: Song Manli , Guo Zhide , Gao Mengna , Shi Changrong , Xu Duo , You Linyi , Wu Xiaowei , Su Xinhui , Zhuang Rongqiang , Pan Weimin , Liu Ting , Zhang Xianzhong 
Published: November 2016

Folate receptor is an ideal target for tumor‐specific diagnostic and therapeutic. The aim of this study was to synthesize 99mTc‐labeled folate‐polyamidoamine dendrimer modified with 2‐hydrazinonicotinic acid (99mTc‐HP3FA) for FR imaging. The 99mTc‐HP3FA conjugate was prepared using N‐tris‐(hydroxymethyl)‐methylglycine and trisodium triphenylphosphine‐3,3′,3″‐trisulfonate as coligands. Physicochemical properties, in vitro cell uptake study, and in vivo micro‐single‐photon emission computed tomography/CT imaging were performed. The radiolabeled 99mTc‐HP3FA conjugate was prepared with high radiolabeling yield, good stability, and water solubility (logP = −1.70 ± 0.21). In cell uptake study, the radiolabeled conjugate showed high uptakes in the FR‐abundant KB cells and could be blocked significantly by excess folic acid. The 7721 cells which served as control group substantially had no uptakes. The results of micro‐single‐photon emission computed tomography/CT imaging exhibited that high accumulation of activity was found in FR‐overexpressed KB tumor, and the tumor‐to‐muscle ratio was approximately 25.78, while, using free FA as inhibitor, the uptakes of 99mTc‐HP3FA in KB tumor and kidney were obviously inhibited. In summary, a new radiocompound was synthesized successfully with specific FR targeting ability. The feasibility of 99mTc‐HP3FA for early diagnosis of FR‐positive tumors with non‐invasive single‐photon emission computed tomography imaging was demonstrated and the possibility of imaging‐guided drug delivery based on multifunctional polyamidoamine will be studied in the future.