bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PREDOMINANTLY LOW METALLICITIES MEASURED IN A STRATIFIED SAMPLE OF LYMAN LIMIT SYSTEMS AT Z = 3.7
Authors: Glidden Ana , Cooper Thomas J. , Cooksey Kathy L. , Simcoe Robert A. , O’Meara John M. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
We measured metallicities for 33 z = 3.4–4.2 absorption line systems drawn from a sample of H i-selected-Lyman limit systems (LLSs) identified in Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) quasar spectra and stratified based on metal line features. We obtained higher-resolution spectra with the Keck Echellette Spectrograph and Imager, selecting targets according to our stratification scheme in an effort to fully sample the LLS population metallicity distribution. We established a plausible range of H i column densities and measured column densities (or limits) for ions of carbon, silicon, and aluminum, finding ionization-corrected metallicities or upper limits. Interestingly, our ionization models were better constrained with enhanced α-to-aluminum abundances, with a median abundance ratio of [α/Al] = 0.3. Measured metallicities were generally low, ranging from [M/H] = −3 to −1.68, with even lower metallicities likely for some systems with upper limits. Using survival statistics to incorporate limits, we constructed the cumulative distribution function (CDF) for LLS metallicities. Recent models of galaxy evolution propose that galaxies replenish their gas from the low-metallicity intergalactic medium (IGM) via high-density H i “flows” and eject enriched interstellar gas via outflows. Thus, there has been some expectation that LLSs at the peak of cosmic star formation (z ≈ 3) might have a bimodal metallicity distribution. We modeled our CDF as a mix of two Gaussian distributions, one reflecting the metallicity of the IGM and the other representative of the interstellar medium of star-forming galaxies. This bimodal distribution yielded a poor fit. A single Gaussian distribution better represented the sample with a low mean metallicity of [M/H] ≈ −2.5.
THREE-DIMENSIONAL SHOCK STRUCTURE OF THE ORION KL OUTFLOW WITH IGRINS*
Authors: Oh Heeyoung , Pyo Tae-Soo , Kaplan Kyle , Yuk In-Soo , Park Byeong-Gon , Mace Gregory , Park Chan , Chun Moo-Young , Pak Soojong , Kim Kang-Min , Oh Jae Sok , Jeong Ueejeong , Yu Young Sam , Lee Jae-Joon , Kim Hwihyun , Hwang Narae , Lee Hye-In , Le Huynh Anh Nguyen , Lee Sungho , Jaffe Daniel T. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
We report a study of the three-dimensional (3D) outflow structure of a 15″ × 13″ area around the H2 peak 1 in Orion KL with slit-scan observations (13 slits) using the Immersion Grating Infrared Spectrograph. The datacubes have a high-velocity resolution (∼7.5 km s−1), provide high-contrast imaging within ultra-narrow bands, and enable the detection of the main stream of the previously reported H2 outflow fingers. We identified 31 distinct fingers in the H2 1−0 S(1) λ2.122 μm emission. The line profile at each finger shows multiple-velocity peaks with a strong low-velocity component around the systemic velocity at

= +8 km s−1 and high-velocity emission (

= 45–135 km s−1), indicating a typical bow-shock. The observed radial velocity gradients of ∼4 km s−1 arcsec−1 agree well with the velocities inferred from large-scale proper motions, where the projected motion is proportional to the distance from a common origin. We construct a conceptual 3D map of the fingers with estimated inclination angles of 57°–74°. The extinction difference (ΔA
v > 10 mag) between blueshifted and redshifted fingers indicates high internal extinction. The extinction, the overall angular spread, and the scale of the flow argue for an ambient medium with a very high density (105–106 cm−3), consistent with molecular line observations of the Orion Molecular Cloud core. The radial velocity gradients and the 3D distributions of the fingers together support the hypothesis of a simultaneous radial explosion of the Orion KL outflow.
HYDROGEN EMISSION FROM THE IONIZED GASEOUS HALOS OF LOW-REDSHIFT GALAXIES
Authors: Zhang Huanian , Zaritsky Dennis , Zhu Guangtun , Ménard Brice , Hogg David W. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
Using a sample of nearly half a million galaxies, intersected by over 7 million lines of sight from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 12, we trace Hα + [N ii] emission from a galactocentric projected radius, r

p
, of 5 kpc to more than 100 kpc. The emission flux surface brightness is

. We obtain consistent results using only the Hα or [N ii] flux. We measure a stronger signal for the bluer half of the target sample than for the redder half on small scales, r

p
< 20 kpc. We obtain a 3σ detection of Hα + [N ii] emission in the 50–100 kpc r

p
bin. The mean emission flux within this bin is (1.10 ± 0.35) × 10−20 erg cm−2 s−1 Å−1, which corresponds to 1.87 × 10−20 erg cm−2 s−1 arcsec−2 or 0.0033 Rayleigh. This detection is 34 times fainter than a previous strict limit obtained using deep narrow-band imaging. The faintness of the signal demonstrates why it has been so difficult to trace recombination radiation out to large radii around galaxies. This signal, combined with published estimates of n
H, leads us to estimate the temperature of the gas to be 12,000 K, consistent with independent empirical estimates based on metal ion absorption lines and expectations from numerical simulations.
DENSITY PERTURBATION BY ALFVÉN WAVES IN MAGNETO-PLASMA
Authors: Kumar S. , Sharma R. P. , Moon Y.-J. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
In this article, we attempt to investigate the density perturbations along magnetic field by ponderomotive effects due to inertial Alfvén waves (AWs) in auroral ionosphere. For this study, we take high-frequency inertial AWs (pump) and their nonlinear interactions with low-frequency slow modes of AWs in that region. The dynamical equations representing these wave modes are known as the Zakharov like equation, and are solved numerically. From the results presented here, we notice the density perturbations in the direction of background magnetic fields. We also find that the deepest density cavity is associated with the strongest magnetic fields. The main reason for these nonlinear structures could be the ponderomotive effects due to the pump waves. The amplitude of these density structures varies with time until the modulation instability saturates. From our results, we estimate the amplitude of most intense cavity as ∼15% of the unperturbed plasma number density n
0, which is consistent with the observations. These density structures could be the locations for particle energizations in this region.
A LARGE-SCALE SEARCH FOR EVIDENCE OF QUASI-PERIODIC PULSATIONS IN SOLAR FLARES
Authors: Inglis A. R. , Ireland J. , Dennis B. R. , Hayes L , Gallagher P. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
The nature of quasi-periodic pulsations (QPP) in solar flares is poorly constrained, and critically the general prevalence of such signals in solar flares is unknown. Therefore, we perform a large-scale search for evidence of signals consistent with QPP in solar flares, focusing on the 1–300 s timescale. We analyze 675 M- and X-class flares observed by the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) series in 1–8 Å soft X-rays between 2011 February 1 and 2015 December 31. Additionally, over the same era we analyze Fermi/Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) 15–25 keV X-ray data for each of these flares associated with a Fermi/GBM solar flare trigger, a total of 261 events. Using a model comparison method, we determine whether there is evidence for a substantial enhancement in the Fourier power spectrum that may be consistent with a QPP signature, based on three tested models; a power-law plus a constant, a broken power-law plus constant, and a power-law-plus-constant with an additional QPP signature component. From this, we determine that ∼30% of GOES events and ∼8% of Fermi/GBM events show strong signatures consistent with classical interpretations of QPP. For the remaining events either two or more tested models cannot be strongly distinguished from each other, or the events are well-described by single power-law or broken power-law Fourier power spectra. For both instruments, a preferred characteristic timescale of ∼5–30 s was found in the QPP-like events, with no dependence on flare magnitude in either GOES or GBM data. We also show that individual events in the sample show similar characteristic timescales in both GBM and GOES data sets. We discuss the implications of these results for our understanding of solar flares and possible QPP mechanisms.
TRACING WATER VAPOR AND ICE DURING DUST GROWTH
Authors: Krijt Sebastiaan , Ciesla Fred J. , Bergin Edwin A. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
The processes that govern the evolution of dust and water (in the form of vapor or ice) in protoplanetary disks are intimately connected. We have developed a model that simulates dust coagulation, dust dynamics (settling, turbulent mixing), vapor diffusion, and condensation/sublimation of volatiles onto grains in a vertical column of a protoplanetary disk. We employ the model to study how dust growth and dynamics influence the vertical distribution of water vapor and water ice in the region just outside the radial snowline. Our main finding is that coagulation (boosted by the enhanced stickiness of icy grains) and the ensuing vertical settling of solids results in water vapor being depleted, but not totally removed, from the region above the snowline on a timescale commensurate with the vertical turbulent mixing timescale. Depending on the strength of the turbulence and the temperature, the depletion can reach factors of up to ∼50 in the disk atmosphere. In our isothermal column, this vapor depletion results in the vertical snowline moving closer to the midplane (by up to 2 gas scale heights) and the gas-phase

ratio above the vertical snowline increasing. Our findings illustrate the importance of dynamical effects and the need for understanding coevolutionary dynamics of gas and solids in planet-forming environments.
ACCURATE POLARIZATION CALIBRATION AT 800 MHz WITH THE GREEN BANK TELESCOPE
Authors: Liao Yu-Wei , Chang Tzu-Ching , Kuo Cheng-Yu , Masui Kiyoshi Wesley , Oppermann Niels , Pen Ue-Li , Peterson Jeffrey B. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
Polarization leakage of foreground synchrotron emission is a critical issue in H i intensity mapping experiments. While the sought-after H i emission is unpolarized, polarized foregrounds such as Galactic and extragalactic synchrotron radiation, if coupled with instrumental impurity, can mimic or overwhelm the H i signals. In this paper, we present the methodology for polarization calibration at 700–900 MHz, applied on data obtained from the Green Bank Telescope (GBT). We use astrophysical sources, both polarized and unpolarized sources including quasars and pulsars, as calibrators to characterize the polarization leakage and control systematic effects in our GBT H i intensity mapping project. The resulting fractional errors on polarization measurements on boresight are well controlled to within 0.6%–0.8% of their total intensity. The polarized beam patterns are measured by performing spider scans across both polarized quasars and pulsars. A dominant Stokes I to V leakage feature and secondary features of Stokes I to Q and I to U leakages in the 700–900 MHz frequency range are identified. These characterizations are important for separating foreground polarization leakage from the H i 21 cm signal.
PRECISE OBSERVATIONS OF THE 12C/13C RATIOS OF HC3N IN THE LOW-MASS STAR-FORMING REGION L1527
Authors: Araki Mitsunori , Takano Shuro , Sakai Nami , Yamamoto Satoshi , Oyama Takahiro , Kuze Nobuhiko , Tsukiyama Koichi 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
Using the Green Bank 100 m telescope and the Nobeyama 45 m telescope, we have observed the rotational emission lines of the three 13C isotopic species of HC3N in the 3 and 7 mm bands toward the low-mass star-forming region L1527 in order to explore their anomalous 12C/13C ratios. The column densities of the 13C isotopic species are derived from the intensities of the J = 5–4 lines observed at high signal-to-noise ratios. The abundance ratios are determined to be 1.00:1.01 ± 0.02:1.35 ± 0.03:86.4 ± 1.6 for [H13CCCN]:[HC13CCN]:[HCC13CN]:[HCCCN], where the errors represent one standard deviation. The ratios are very similar to those reported for the starless cloud Taurus Molecular Cloud-1 Cyanopolyyne Peak (TMC-1 CP). These ratios cannot be explained by thermal equilibrium, but likely reflect the production pathways of this molecule. We have shown the equality of the abundances of H13CCCN and HC13CCN at a high-confidence level, which supports the production pathways of HC3N via C2H2 and

. The average 12C/13C ratio for HC3N is 77 ± 4, which may be only slightly higher than the elemental 12C/13C ratio. Dilution of the 13C isotope in HC3N is not as significant as that in CCH or c-C3H2. We have also simultaneously observed the DCCCN and HCCC15N lines and derived the isotope ratios [DCCCN]/[HCCCN] = 0.0370 ± 0.0007 and [HCCCN]/[HCCC15N] = 338 ± 12.
The Association between Urinary Incontinence and Low Back Pain and Radiculopathy in Women
Authors: Kaptan HÃ¼lagu , KulaksÄ±zoÄŸlu Haluk , KasÄ±mcan Ã–mÃ¼r , SeÃ§kin Bedreddin 
Published: December 2016

AIM: Urinary incontinence (UI) is a common dysfunction, affecting especially women of all ages. The terminology of low back pain (LBP) and radiculopathy (RP) may be misused interchangeably with each other. There are many reports of the association with LBP and incontinence but those involving compression of nerve root(as RP), has not been distinguished from isolated low back pain. This study was structured to analyse the association of UI, LBP and RP.METHODS: One hundred twenty patients were included in the study. Patients with spinal or urinary infection, tumour (spinal or others), cauda equine, pelvic operation, spinal trauma, spinal surgery, urogenital pathology were not accepted for this study.Â Age and weight of all patients were determined. Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) was utilised forÂ assessment of loss of functionÂ and SEAPI incontinence index was used for urinary incontinence. All patients were examined for neurological pathology to differentiate between the LBP and RP by department of neurosurgery. Student t-test and Mann-Whitney-U tests were used for statistical significance.RESULTS: There was no statistical significance between low back pain with overall urinary incontinence (p = 0.131), urge (p = 0.103) or stress incontinence (p = 0.68), respectively. However; The statistical aspects were identified relationship between overall (p = 0.026) and urge (p = 0.001) urinary incontinence with radiculopathy. The association of urge incontinence and radiculopathy seems to show a more significant relationship. Yet there was no correlation between radiculopathy and stress incontinence (P = 0.062).CONCLUSION: Low back pain should not be regarded as a predisposing factor for urinary incontinence; however, radiculopathy has a statistically positive correlation between overall incontinence and urge incontinence.
Testing the robustness of Citizen Science projects: Evaluating the results of pilot project COMBER
Authors: Chatzigeorgiou Giorgos , Faulwetter Sarah , Dailianis Thanos , Smith Vincent , Koulouri Panagiota , Dounas Costas , Arvanitidis Christos 
Published: December 2016

Citizen Science (CS) as a term implies a great deal of approaches and scopes involving many different fields of science. The number of the relevant projects globally has been increased significantly in the recent years. Large scale ecological questions can be answered only through extended observation networks and CS projects can support this effort. Although the need of such projects is apparent, an important part of scientific community cast doubt on the reliability of CS data sets.
The pilot CS project COMBER has been created in order to provide evidence to answer the aforementioned question in the coastal marine biodiversity monitoring. The results of the current analysis show that a carefully designed CS project with clear hypotheses, wide participation and data sets validation, can be a valuable tool for the large scale and long term changes in marine biodiversity pattern change and therefore for relevant management and conservation issues.
Héros de légende, héros de culte : la fabrique populaire du récit
Authors: Burguet Delphine , Rakotomalala Malanjaona 
Published: December 2016

Ikotofetsy et Imahaka sont deux personnages très populaires du folklore malgache. Leurs aventures sont faites de mauvais tours, de farces et de supercheries, faisant fi des valeurs sociales et morales. Leur réputation et leurs exploits dépassent le cadre oral du conte, puisque de nombreux ouvrages, notamment pour la jeunesse, relatent leurs méfaits. Ces ouvrages proposent une lecture humoristique de leurs fourberies, en les dotant d’un caractère malicieux ; ils alimentent l’imaginaire populaire et prolongent l’existence héroïque des deux personnages. Il en est de même de certains artistes malgaches qui mettent en musique leurs aventures. Mais plus encore, ce duo malicieux, qui incarne également une figure de réciprocité, est utilisé dans des espaces sociaux qui cherchent à fixer une identité spécifique mêlant la fourberie, l’intelligence et la réussite, notamment à travers la caricature. Celle-ci permet de dénoncer un contexte politique national dont les Malgaches semblent vouloir se moquer actuellement. Par ailleurs, ces deux héros incarnent une figure religieuse pour les fidèles du culte ancestral, dont certains invoquent, pour demander la réussite dans leurs affaires, leurs esprits sur leurs tombes présumées, dans le Nord-Ouest de la région de l’Imerina, sur les Hautes-Terres centrales de Madagascar.
Les récits hagiographiques : lieux de mémoire et incarnation de l’esprit de résistance à Ma‘ân (Jordanie)
Authors: Neveu Norig 
Published: December 2016

La ville de Ma‘ân se situe dans le sud de la Jordanie et n’a pas connu, au contraire des principales localités jordaniennes, de rénovation ou de reconstruction à grande échelle de ses sanctuaires. Ceci s’explique par le caractère local de la sainteté ma‘ânie, plus difficilement rattachable à une histoire islamique englobante que ne le sont les compagnons du Prophète Muhammad ou les prophètes préislamiques. Ainsi, l’hagiographie des saints locaux et en particulier celle du cheikh Muhammad permet-elle d’incarner l’esprit de résistance locale et de rappeler l’opulence et la centralité économique passée de la ville. Dans un pays où la tradition orale conserve une importance majeure, l’objet de cet article sera de montrer comment les récits concernant la vie des saints demeurent tenaces alors même que les visites des mausolées sont en net recul et fortement critiquées localement. Les récits liés à la sainteté, progressivement érigés en lieux de mémoire de la ville, sont mobilisés afin de porter les revendications locales.
Le rôle des légendes dans le culte de Ghāzī Miyāñ (Inde)
Authors: Ortis Delphine 
Published: December 2016

Dans cet article portant sur l’une des figures de sainteté musulmane les plus anciennes et populaires de l’Inde du Nord, Ghāzī Miyāñ, sont étudiées les fonctions remplies par les traditions orales diffusées, par les desservants de son tombeau et les musiciens dafālī, lors des rites quotidiens et festifs. Cette double tradition est mise en regard des récits littéraires allant à son encontre pour s’opposer à ce culte. Notre visée est de montrer que l’ensemble de ces récits, bien qu’ils semblent nous conter les hauts faits de sa vie justifiant son statut de martyr, s’élaborent en fait en s’adossant au culte, dans le but de le légitimer ou de le détruire.
The Economic Cost of Implementing Maternal and Neonatal Death Review in a District of Bangladesh
Authors: Biswas Animesh , Halim Abdul , Rahman Fazlur , Eriksson Charli , Dalal Koustuv 
Published: December 2016

Introduction Maternal and neonatal death review (MNDR) introduced in Bangladesh and initially piloted in a district during 2010. MNDR is able to capture each of the maternal, neonatal deaths and stillbirths from the community and government facilities (hospitals). This study aimed to estimate the cost required to implement MNDR in a district of Bangladesh during 2010-2012. Materials and methods MNDR was implemented in Thakurgaon district in 2010 and later gradually extended until 2015. MNDR implementation framework, guidelines, tools and manual were developed at the national level with national level stakeholders including government health and family planning staff at different cadre for piloting at Thakurgaon. Programme implementation costs were calculated by year of costing and costing as per component of MNDR in 2013. The purchasing power parity conversion rate was 1 $INT = 24.46 BDT, as of 31st Dec 2012. Results Overall programme implementation costs required to run MNDR were 109,02,754 BDT (445,738 $INT $INT) in the first year (2010). In the following years cost reduced to 8,208,995 BDT (335,609 $INT, during 2011) and 6,622,166 BDT (270,735 $INT, during 2012). The average cost per activity required was 3070 BDT in 2010, 1887 BDT and 2207 BDT required in 2011 and 2012 respectively. Each death notification cost 4.09 $INT, verbal autopsy cost 8.18 $INT, and social autopsy cost 16.35 $INT. Facility death notification cost 2.04 $INT and facility death review meetings cost 20.44 $INT. One death saved by MNDR costs 53,654 BDT (2193 $INT). Conclusions Programmatic implementation cost of conducting MPDR give an idea on how much cost will be required to run a death review system for a low income country settings using government health system.
Monitoring Polypharmacy in Healthcare Systems through a Multi-Setting Survey: Should We Put More Attention on Long Term Care Facilities?
Authors: Arnoldo Luca , Cattani Giovanni , Cojutti Piergiorgio , Pea Federico , Brusaferro Silvio 
Published: December 2016

Background Polypharmacy is a main issue of patient safety in all healthcare settings (i.e. increase adverse drug reactions and incidence of drug-drug interactions, etc.). The main object of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of polypharmacy and the appropriateness of drugs prescriptions in the regional health system (RHS) of Friuli Venezia-Giulia Region, Italy. Design and methods We carried out a point prevalence study in May 2014; 1582 patients ≥65 years were included from: 14 acute hospitals, 46 Long Term Care Facilities (LTCFs) and 42 general practitioners’ (GPs) clinics. Data analysis included the evaluation of potentially inappropriate prescriptions (PIPs) taking Beers criteria as a reference. Results Patients in therapy with 10 drugs or more were 13.5%: 15.2% in hospitals, 9.7% in GPs’ clinics and 15.6% in LTCFs. According to Beers criteria we identified 1152 PIPs that involved globally almost half of patients (46.0%): 41.9% in hospitals, 59.6% in LTCFs and 37.0% in GP's clinics. The 53.9% of patients received at least one mainly kidney excreted drug; for these patients the evaluation of serum creatinine was overall present in the 87.7% (747/852): 96.4% in hospital ones, 87.5% in GPs’ clinics and 77.8% in LTCFs. LTCFs residents were significantly (P<0.05) more exposed to PIPs and less monitored for the renal function. Conclusions A reliable estimation of the phenomenon in all the main healthcare settings is a necessary prerequisite to set tailored policies for facing polypharmacy within a RHS; the results showed the necessity to put a special attention on LTCFs.