bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Slow and fast development in two aphidophagous ladybirds on scarce and abundant prey supply
Authors: Singh N. , Mishra G. , Omkar  
Published: February 2016

AbstractDevelopmental rates are highly variable, both within and between genotypes and populations. But the rationale for two differential (slow and fast) developmental rates within same cohort under varying prey supply has yet not been explored. For this purpose, we investigated the effect of scarce and abundant prey supply on slow and fast development at 27°C in two aphidophagous ladybirds,Menochilus sexmaculatus(Fabricius) andPropylea dissecta(Mulsant) and its effect on their body mass and reproductive attributes. The ladybirds were provided with scarce and abundant supply ofAphis craccivoraKoch under standardized abiotic conditions in the laboratory. A clear bimodal (two peaks, where the first peak represented the fast developing individuals and the second peak slow developing individuals) pattern of distribution for both prey supplies was obtained, which got skewed with change in prey supply. On abundant prey supply, more fast developing individuals (139M. sexmaculatusand 123P. dissecta) were found and less (46M. sexmaculatusand 36P. dissecta) on scarce prey supply. Slow developing individuals had female biased sex ratio, higher longevity and lower body mass. Fast developing females laid higher number of eggs with higher egg viability. Results of the study are indicative of occurrence and constancy of the slow and fast developing individuals in the egg batch.
Assessing the Impact of Political Scandals on Attitudes toward Democracy: Evidence from Canada's Sponsorship Scandal
Authors: Ruderman Nick , Nevitte Neil 
Published: February 2016

AbstractSatisfaction with the workings of democracy seems to have declined in Canada, as it has in other established democracies. Political scandals are one frequently invoked explanation for that shift. But there is substantial scholarly disagreement about whether political scandals undermine democratic satisfaction. This paper uses evidence from a conveniently timed round of the CES (Canadian Election Study) from 2004, as well as the CES panel from 2004 and 2006, to explore this relationship more definitively than is usually possible. The results indicate that the scandal eroded satisfaction with the way democracy works but did not undermine support for democracy more generally.
Learning to trust: trust and attachment in early psychosis
Authors: Fett A.-K. J. , Shergill S. S. , Korver-Nieberg N. , Yakub F. , Gromann P. M. , Krabbendam L. 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundDistrust and social dysfunction are characteristic in psychosis and may arise from attachment insecurity, which is elevated in the disorder. The relationship between trust and attachment in the early stages of psychosis is unknown, yet could help to understand interpersonal difficulties and disease progression. This study aimed to investigate whether trust is reduced in patients with early psychosis and whether this is accounted for by attachment avoidance and attachment anxiety.MethodWe used two trust games with a cooperative and unfair partner in a sample of 39 adolescents with early psychosis and 100 healthy controls.ResultsPatients had higher levels of attachment anxiety, but the groups did not differ in attachment avoidance. Basic trust was lower in patients than controls, as indicated by lower initial investments. During cooperation patients increased their trust towards levels of controls, i.e. they were able to learn and to override initial suspiciousness. Patients decreased their trust less than controls during unfair interactions. Anxious attachment was associated with higher basic trust and higher trust during unfair interactions and predicted trust independent of group status.DiscussionPatients showed decreased basic trust but were able to learn from the trustworthy behaviour of their counterpart. Worries about the acceptance by others and low self-esteem are associated with psychosis and attachment anxiety and may explain behaviour that is focused on conciliation, rather than self-protection.
Multidimensional assessment of impulsivity in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder: testing for shared endophenotypes
Authors: Fortgang R. G. , Hultman C. M. , van Erp T. G. M. , Cannon T. D. 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundImpulsivity is associated with bipolar disorder as a clinical feature during and between manic episodes and is considered a potential endophenotype for the disorder. Schizophrenia and major depressive disorder share substantial genetic overlap with bipolar disorder, and these two disorders have also been associated with elevations in impulsivity. However, little is known about the degree of overlap among these disorders in discrete subfacets of impulsivity and whether any overlap is purely phenotypic or due to shared genetic diathesis.MethodWe focused on five subfacets of impulsivity: self-reported attentional, motor, and non-planning impulsivity, self-reported sensation seeking, and a behavioral measure of motor inhibition (stop signal reaction time; SSRT). We examined these facets within and across disorder proband and co-twin groups, modeled heritability, and tested for endophenotypic patterning in a sample of twin pairs recruited from the Swedish Twin Registry (N= 420).ResultsWe found evidence of moderate to high levels of heritability for all five subfacets. All three proband groups and their unaffected co-twins showed elevations on attentional, motor, and non-planning impulsivity. Schizophrenia probands (but not their co-twins) showed significantly lower sensation seeking, and schizophrenia and bipolar disorder probands (but not in their co-twins) had significantly longer SSRTs, compared with healthy controls and the other groups.ConclusionsAttentional, motor, and non-planning impulsivity emerged as potential shared endophenotypes for the three disorders, whereas sensation seeking and SSRT were associated with phenotypic affection but not genetic loading for these disorders.
Developing the assistive technology consumer market for people aged 50–70
Authors: WARD GILLIAN , FIELDEN SIMON , MUIR HELEN , HOLLIDAY NIKKI , URWIN GERRY 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTWithin the United Kingdom (UK), assisted living technologies are mostly provided through statutory health and social care services following assessment of individual need and application of eligibility criteria. This paper describes the first UK study to explore and develop business approaches and innovations required to make electronic assisted living technologies more accessible to consumers in their fifties and sixties. A robust mixed-method approach was used including a large sample size for a consumer survey, triangulation of methods and confirmation of research findings through validation workshops. This three-year study makes significant and original contributions to understanding consumer needs in this rapidly changing market and offers unique insights into the needs and wants of people aged 50–70. Analysis shows significant differences between consumer and business perceptions, indicating that marketing is not closely aligned to consumers' needs and is affecting the development of the market. New approaches to consumer-led business models are presented to improve information and marketing aimed at 50–70-year-old consumers. A ‘Broker/Independent Advisor’ business model showed most potential for meeting the needs of both consumer and business stakeholders. Findings support future development of an assisted living consumer market to meet growing levels of need and demand, and to offer greater consumer choice of mainstream technologies to enable people to age in place.
Accessibility, Mobility and Spatial Patterns of Primary Health Care use in Ajedabiya: a Household Interview Survey
Authors: Salem Salem F. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe primary objective of this study is to examine the type of Primary Health Care (PHC) facility used by a sample of households in Ajedabiya, taking into account the respondents' living standards and their perception of the quality of the care provided, as well as the mode of travel and travel time required to reach the health care centres. The overall level of service use has been increasing over time, reaching an annual consultation rate of up to four visits per person per year, a high level by international standards. Three major groupings of disease were identified for which the four selected PHC facilities were preferred. Satisfaction with care was analysed by looking at key variables, including staff behaviour, availability of doctors, vector distance to the PHC facility, general evaluation of health services and qualified doctors. Household incomes did not appear to be an important factor except for attending private clinics. Unlike income, distance had a strong effect on utilisation, leading to the conclusion that PHC should continue to be provided within the community, and developed further to achieve equity, effectiveness and affordability.
The Arabic Inscriptions on the Mosque of Abū Macrūf at Sharwas
Authors: Nefusa Jebel , Lowick N. M. 
Published: February 2016

The medieval town of Sharwas – sometimes written Sharūs or Sarūs – figures in the writings of Ibn al-Warrāq (10th century A.D.), Ibn Hauqāl (10th century), al-Bakri (11th century), al-Idrīsi (12th century) and the anonymous author of the Kitāb al-Istibṣār (12th century). All are agreed that it was an important place, the chief settlement (umm qura) of the Jebel Nefusa. It had no congregational mosque (jāmic), but was one of the two towns in the Jebel provided with a minbār or pulpit. The name Abū Macrūf, as applied to the mosque and the surrounding ruins, does not appear in the medieval sources but certainly goes back many centuries in oral tradition. It refers to Abū Macrūf Wiyār ibn Jawād, a famous religious figure of the later 9th century who lived a short distance to the south-east of Sharwas and who was present at the battle of Mānū in A.H. 283/A.D. 896 - 7.A preliminary note on Sharwas and its mosque has already appeared in the Second Annual Report of this Society (pp. 10 - 11). There are no less than sixteen monumental inscriptions carved on separate blocks of stone outside and inside the Mosque. Most important for the dating of the structure is the two line inscription (no. 1, pl. VIa) in the tympanum of the west doorway. This is in the ornamented variety of Kufic usually referred to as ‘floriated’ The style is decidedly ‘provincial’ and does little credit to the engraver. Nevertheless it is possible to discern, in such features as the trifoliate ending to the dāl of waḥdahu in the first line, points of resemblance to the later of the two monumental inscriptions from Ajdābiyah published in the Society's Third Annual Report (p. 5, Pl. VIIIb). This is dated A.H. 351/A.D. 962. If it is true, as there suggested, that the floriated style was introduced into Libya between c. 922 and 962 A.D., then the inscription over the doorway at Sharwas is unlikely to be earlier than the second half of the the 10th century, allowing for the town's somewhat isolated position in the Tripolitanian hinterland. It may, indeed, be as late as the 12th century, if the present Mosque postdates the destruction of Sharwas, c. 1100.
A description of its present condition and its course
Authors: Arthur C. 
Published: February 2016

The Ptolemais aqueduct is of a type common in the ancient world. It consists of a concrete channel, several layers thick, though this seems to vary (see Pl. XIVa and sections), which is set in a framework of roughly-dressed, mortared stone. The channel itself rests in a bed of mortar which in turn is based either on stone foundations or the Gebel bed rock (see Pl. XIII and sections). The upper surface of the supporting framework was cemented on each side like the channel itself. Throughout the aqueduct's length the channel width varies considerably, but averages about 0·40 m.The country through which the aqueduct passes on the north side of the Gebel Akhdar is arid, stony and covered with often dense scrub. A series of wadis running from the Gebel to the sea cuts the twenty-four kilometres between Wadi Habbun, where the aqueduct begins its course, and Tolmeita where it completes it. To carry the water for Ptolemais over these wadis bridges were constructed.The condition of the aqueduct varies throughout its length. In some places, such as between Wadis Habbun and El-Meleca, it runs continuously for over one kilometre, but for the same distance on the east side of Sidi Belgasem it cannot be traced. Some pieces of it are complete and with only minor repairs would be ready for use but in other places only the channel or stone framework remain. Nevertheless it is possible to follow the aqueduct's course from Wadi Habbun to the city walls of Ptolemais. Only its actual source in Wadi Habbun, its course in Wadi El-Meleca, and in Wadi El Rumman, and its disappearance at the city walls raise questions as yet unanswered.
The Painted Wallplaster from House H, Sidi Khrebish
Authors: Pye Elizabeth 
Published: February 2016

During the emergency excavations of 1971, a large quantity of painted wall plaster was recovered from the peristyled house ‘H’.It is thought that this house was built in the late first century A.D. and destroyed in the third century A.D. The plaster was found in the destruction levels and lay in a dump or spread to the south of the courtyard area of the house. It was mixed with, and probably to some extent sealed by, mud-brick debris. This may account for its good state of preservation.From its context, it appears that the plaster decorated two or three of the main rooms of the house, probably including the room on the south-west which has a fine mosaic floor. Traces of red painted plaster can still be seen near floor-level in the room on the south-east corner. The plaster was probably in situ at the time of destruction.Unfortunately, much of the plaster was lost during the necessarily hurried emergency excavations, and what remains is often broken into small fragments. However, on the whole, both the plaster backing and the painted surface are in good condition. Work on the reconstruction was begun in 1971; it has continued during the season of 1972, 1974, 1975.Preliminary examination of the plaster itself shows that it is of good quality. The colours appear to have been applied using both the fresco and tempera methods; the main pigments are haematite (dark red), yellow ochre, green earth, lime white and Egyptian frit (bright-blue). A full technical study of the plaster and pigments is still to be undertaken.Fragments of a number of different painted motifs remain, including figures, foliage, inhabited scroll and varied border designs. In one room at least, the decorative scheme appears to consist of a number of panels outlined with multiple borders. Designs within the panels show architectural perspective and figures. It has been possible to reassemble the fragments of four similar architectural panels and these appear to be linked (by multiple borders) to the panels containing figures.
Epigraphic disjecta membra in Cyrenaica
Authors: Reynolds J. M. 
Published: February 2016

1. In 1936 Professor Gaspare Oliverio published an inscription cut on a sandstone stele found re-used in one of the Churches of ancient Taucheira. The apparently mundane text has attracted no attention. In 1959 R. G. Goodchild initiated serious excavation of the building concerned by the Libyan Department of Antiquities and in the course of work supervised by Mr. Breyek Atiyah another inscribed sandstone stele was found very close to Oliverio's. It became apparent that the two adjoined and that the resulting text is of some interest.Two rectangular sandstone blocks forming part of a composite monument (together width 0.72 m × height 1.17 × depth 0.40), a damaged at the upper righthand corner, b along all edges; there is extensive pitting on the face, some of which had already occurred before the stone was inscribed.Letters, II–III cent. A.D.: 1.1, 0.06; 11.2–5, 0.05–0.06; ε, ω; Y cut within 0 in 11.3, 4; the cutter has spaced so as to avoid holes in the face.G. Oliverio, Documenti Antichi dell'Africa Italiana II (Bergamo, 1936), no.288 and pl.LXXII, fig.29, whence SEG IX, 544 (righthand side only).Photos, Dept. F.1078 (righthand side only); JR Tocra III. 51 (E. Alföldi-Rosenbaum). See plate 1.
The end of the first phase at Kufrah: expectations and achievements
Authors: Allan J. A. 
Published: February 2016

Much interest has centred on the development of the fossil water resources at Kufrah in the central Sahara of Libya. The remote location and extremely arid climate presented unusual problems to irrigation engineers, agriculturists and stock specialists. The favourable estimates made by consultants indicated that the high quality of the water together with the larger quantities available would easily support 10,000 hectares of irrigated alfalfa for steep breeding and the groundwater resource would only be drawn down by 35 metres after 40 years of pumping (Tipton and Kalmbach — 1971). This optimistic phase was at its height in 1973 when the political leadership of the country was pressing the managers of the Kufrah scheme to envisage not just 10,000 hectares of irrigated cropping, but extensions to 50,000 hectares, preferably including settlement schemes.In the event, however, faced with the decision of how far to extend the scheme, those responsible approved designs for the limited expansion of the project in the form of a 5500 hectare settlement scheme accommodating about 850 farmers. This sharp reduction in the target area for irrigated farming at Kufrah arose because of the results of the first effective year of operation of the scheme, results of which became available during late 1973 and early 1974. The most important indicator of the long term viability of the project was of course the drawdown in the level of the groundwater. Uneasy predictions were being circulated as the result of some important work completed by a Libyan hydrologist (Adib 1974) who had applied a different model from that used by Tipton and Kalmbach in their feasibility study. These new predictions proved to be very close to the measured rates of decline after a year of pumping, a year incidentally in which the scheme had worked at only about 70 per cent or less of its anticipated levels of water use for full fodder and livestock production. Instead of declines of a few metres which would in the early years have been consistent with a 35 metres decline over 40 years of pumping, it was discovered that in parts of the well field drawdowns of as much as 15 metres had been recorded after only one year. Critical conclusions were reached by Pallas and Fadel (1974) on the basis of these data, especially regarding the risks involved in investing heavily on the basis of contested assumptions concerning an aquifer, and they urged that important groundwater developments should be preceded by at least two years of pilot experimentation.
Garamantian excavations (Germa) 1977
Authors: Daniels Charles 
Published: February 2016

In 1977 it was decided to concentrate all efforts on the cemetery of Saniat ben Howedi and answer certain questions unanswered in 1973. In that year it appeared that where the cemetery mound stood at its highest, upper and lower tombs existed. Work had been concentrated on the upper layer and some 30 tombs were dug. They were all found to be either circular drum-like structures, 6–8 ft in size, or larger, square constructions 10–12 ft across, with a central circular shaft. The tombs, for the most part, faced east and had stele, or ‘hands’ and offering tables on their principal side. Sometimes these were placed within an area enclosed, or partly surrounded by a low mud-brick wall, which contained other vessels, clearly intended as offerings for the deceased.Although the skeletons had survived (where the tombs had not been robbed), finds were sparse, consisting mainly of lamps, jug/flagons, local imitations of fine red ware plate/dishes, with the occasional genuine fine red ware plate. Dating was difficult, but where possible it suggested the third—fourth centuries (if not the fifth).Investigation showed that where the mound was not present the circular and later square tombs appeared to have been built either against, or directly on top of, earlier tombs. Two of these earlier tombs were excavated and found to contain a mass of late first-century pottery, in a somewhat damaged state. This consisted of amphoras, fine red ware bowls and dishes, mostly of northern Italian manufacture, imported and local coarse ware vessels, as well as glass and faience bowls. In each tomb a saddle quern, broken, and a smashed soft chalk rubber were found, suggesting that the occupants had been female. The skeletons, unfortunately, had survived in neither case. One tomb, no.15 in the cemetery numbering system, faced west, the other, no.17, faced east. Both had survived intact from antiquity, but the objects within them, especially no.17, were, in many cases, badly shattered (see the Fourth Annual Report of the Society, p.35).
The Severan Commemorative Relief at Cyrene. The portraiture
Authors: Bonanno A. 
Published: February 2016

On my first visit to Cyrene in summer 1972 I was so intrigued by the figurative relief standing on the south side of the so-called Valley Street, immediately to the east of the modern village of Shahat, that I decided to include it in my doctoral thesis. I visited the site in the distinguished company of the late Prof. D. E. Strong, who was then my research supervisor, and Mr. Philip Kenrick. We spent together some hours in front of this fascinating monument discussing a number of points concerning the architecture of the building to which it belonged, the identification of the figures, the iconography of the then hypothetical portraits, and the reading of the inscription. A full description and discussion of the monument were given by Professor Strong in a lecture delivered at the British Museum on the occasion of the opening of the Exhibition of Libyan Antiquities on 14th June, 1973, and later published in theSociety for Libyan Studies Report. I returned to Cyrene in summer 1973 in order to make a more thorough examination of the relief and to produce a number of detailed photographs of the heads. The contents of this article are the result of these observations and the stimulating discussions I had with Professor Strong on the subject.For a comprehensive description of the relief I refer the reader to Strong's contribution in theFourth Annual Report, but it is appropriate to recapitulate briefly. The relief in question constituted the figured frieze of the entablature of a monumental gateway resting on Corinthian columns. Beneath the frieze, which must have been more than 11m long, ran an inscription in two lines of standard monumental Greek letters. All the architectural elements, including the frieze, are carved on a very gritty and shelly limestone. The state of preservation is very poor: the figures on the right hand block are almost completely lost and elsewhere heads and limbs have fallen off, in some cases being cemented back. The best preserved are the central figures, but even here the sugary limestone has eroded to some extent (Fig.Ia).