bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economic burden and quality of life of caregivers of patients with sickle cell disease in the United Kingdom and France: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Besser Martin , O’Sullivan Sian Bissell , Bourke Siobhan , Longworth Louise , Barcelos Giovanna Tedesco , Oluboyede Yemi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Sickle cell disease (SCD), a genetic blood disorder that affects red blood cells and oxygen delivery to body tissues, is characterized by haemolytic anaemia, pain episodes, fatigue, and end-organ damage with acute and chronic dimensions. Caring for patients with SCD imposes a high burden on informal caregivers. This study aims to capture the impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and economic burden of caregiving for patients with SCD.

Methods
Validated instruments of HRQoL (EQ-5D-5L, Carer Quality of Life-7 dimensions [CarerQol-7D]) and productivity (Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire: Specific Health Problem [WPAI: SHP]) were administered via a cross-sectional online survey to caregivers in the United Kingdom (UK) and France. Demographics, HRQoL, and economic burden data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Economic burden was determined using country-specific minimum and average wage values. Subgroup analysis examined caregivers with and without SCD.

Results
Sixty-nine caregivers were recruited (UK, 43; France, 26), 83% were female, and 22% had SCD themselves. The mean (SD) caregiver EQ-5D-5L score was 0.66 (0.28) (UK, 0.62; France, 0.73), and the mean CarerQol-7D score was 80.69 (24.40) (UK, 78.72 [25.79]; France, 83.97 [22.01]). Mental health problems were reported in 72% and 70% of caregivers measured using the EQ-5D-5L and CarerQol-7D, respectively. Financial problems were reported by 68% of caregivers, with mean annual minimum wage productivity losses of £4209 and €3485, increasing to £5391 and €9319 for average wages. Sensitivity analysis determined additional HRQoL decrements for caregivers with and without, SCD.

Conclusion
Caring for patients with SCD impacts the HRQoL and economic burden of caregivers. Further research to support the complex needs of SCD caregivers is required.
Diagnostic reference levels for routine computed tomography angiography examinations: a systematic review
Authors: Alhailiy Ali Bahny 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
This work aims to investigate existing methodologies that have been used to establish diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) for common computed tomography angiography (CTA) examinations in adult patients by analyzing published national and local DRL studies. A detailed search through Science Direct, Web of Science, EBSCO host, PubMed–Medline, and Google Scholar was conducted. The preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analyses methodology was also used to evaluate the selected articles. Studies were selected via the PICOS method and included only DRL studies established for CTA examinations. Case studies, posters, reviews, and meta-analyses were excluded. The literature review identified 21 publications, 15 proposed a national DRL survey, and 6 studies with local (facility) data.

Results
A noticeable variation in DRL quantities for the same CTA procedures was noted among studies. Several factors contributed to this variability, including the methodologies used for establishing CTA DRLs, variations in scanning protocols, number of scanning phases, and scanner type.

Conclusion
There is a need for a global standardization for DRL establishment methods aligned with recent recommendations from prominent international radiation protection bodies to facilitate accurate comparisons of radiation dose metrics both between and within CT imaging facilities.
Development and application of a SYBR Green I fluorescent PCR assay for the differentiation of genotypes I and II African swine fever viruses
Authors: Yu Xuexiang , Wu Haowei , Li Dongfan , Xu Qian , Chen Xiaoyu , Zhang Chengjun , Xu Fengqin , Ku Xugang , He Qigai , Li Wentao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAfrican swine fever (ASF) is a highly fatal hemorrhagic disease affecting domestic pigs caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV). Genetic analysis of ASFV isolates to date has identified 24 geographically related genotypes with various subgroups, but only genotype I and II ASFVs have been reported outside Africa. ASFV genotype II and genotype I viruses were reported in China in 2018 and 2021, respectively. In this study, unique and highly conserved noncoding regions were found between MGF_505-9R and MGF_505-10R in the 188 genomes of ASFV genotypes I and II. A pair of primers was designed on the basis of this region. By optimizing the reaction system and conditions, a SYBR Green I fluorescence PCR assay that can distinguish between ASFV genotypes I and II was established, and the sensitivity, reproducibility and specificity were evaluated. The detection limit was 1 TCID50/0.1 mL for both genotypes, with no cross-reactivity observed with other common pig pathogens. The intra- and interbatch variation coefficients were both less than 1.2%. Clinical sample detection analysis revealed 47 positive cases out of 100, including 3 for genotype I and 44 for genotype II, aligning with results from the WOAH-recommended and national standard methods. The method developed in this study allows for the differentiation of ASFV genotypes I and II without the need for genome sequencing, offering a convenient and rapid approach for ASFV detection and genotype identification.
Feasibility of the Understanding and Managing Adult ADHD Programme: open-access online group psychoeducation and acceptance and commitment therapy for adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Seery Christina , Leonard-Curtin Aisling , Naismith Lauren , King Nora , O'Donnell Fiona , Byrne Brendan , Boyd Christine , Kilbride Ken , Wrigley Margo , McHugh Louise , Bramham Jessica 
Published: September 2024

Background
Psychoeducational interventions are a critical aspect of supporting adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The Understanding and Managing Adult ADHD Programme (UMAAP) is a six-session, group-based webinar intervention that incorporates psychoeducation with acceptance and commitment therapy. UMAAP relies on self-referrals and is facilitated by a charity, to promote accessibility.

Aims
The present study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of UMAAP and explore preliminary effectiveness.

Method
Adults with formally diagnosed or self-identified ADHD (n = 257) participated in an uncontrolled pre–post design. Feasibility was indicated by attendance, confidence in completing the home practice and satisfaction. Quality of life, psychological flexibility, self-acceptance and knowledge of ADHD were assessed at baseline, 1 week post-intervention and 3 months later, to explore preliminary effectiveness.

Results
Feasibility was demonstrated by the high attendance ratings and satisfaction with the intervention, although there was only moderate confidence in the ability to complete the home practices. Quality of life (mean increase 9.69, 95% CI 7.57–11.80), self-acceptance (mean increase 0.19, 95% CI 0.10–0.28) and knowledge of ADHD (mean increase 1.55, 95% CI 1.23–1.82) were significantly improved post-intervention. The effects were maintained at the 3-month follow-up. Psychological flexibility did not significantly change immediately post-intervention, but increased significantly at the 3-month follow-up (mean increase 0.42, 95% CI 0.26–0.58).

Conclusions
Overall, UMAAP is a feasible intervention for adults with ADHD. Findings highlighted the feasibility of delivering psychological interventions online in group settings, to increase access to support for adults with ADHD.
How the Computer Taught Us to See
Authors: Pow Whitney (Whit) 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The span between 1973 and 1981 marks a number of significant changes in computer history, medical history, and queer and transgender (trans) history in the United States: the development of the earliest object-oriented graphical user interfaces used in the Xerox Alto computer prototype and its commercial successor the Xerox Star; the development and publication of the third revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (or DSM-III), used by physicians for medical diagnosis, which more than doubled its number of diagnostic categories from the DSM-II; and finally, the removal of “Sexual Orientation Disturbance (Homosexuality)” from the DSM and the addition of a new diagnosis, “Gender Identity Disorder” (now “Gender Dysphoria”), in the DSM-III. This article performs a horizontal cut across time to place medical history, queer and trans history, and computer history side by side, looking closely at how changes in the visualization and datafication of medical diagnosis developed alongside the ways computers were imagined into visual, screen-based technologies that recapitulate the same racialized and gendered logics of medical surveillance and thus of the state: that seeing something is the same as understanding its nature. We must think of software history as medical history, and computer history as queer and trans history. Intimately connecting these threads of trans history, trans of color critique, medical history, and computer history is the invisibility of mediation and the normalization of power that occurs as the result of it: the mediation of the visuality of the computer's graphical user interface; the mediation of medical diagnosis as the conversion of embodied experience into so-called medical fact; and the mediation of bureaucratic documentation that reduces human life into data points, digestible and computable en masse by institutions and by computers.
Regretting Nothing, or Regretting Everything? Postfeminism, Femininity, and Regret in Miss Austen Regrets
Authors: Taylor Jessica 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This article considers how regret is mobilized within a postfeminist cultural context, taking the 2007 BBC film Miss Austen Regrets (dir. Jeremy Lovering, UK) as its case study. The article proposes that what is regretted in postfeminist culture speaks to the values and tensions that underpin this cultural context and explores how the expression or experience of regret is treated as proof of women's failures of subjectivity and decision-making. Through examining three of the main characters — Jane Austen, Cassandra Austen, and Fanny Austen Knight — and their interactions with regret, this article argues that both normative femininity and feminist perspectives are key sites where notions of “success” and “failure” are negotiated and where the risks for making the “wrong decision” as a postfeminist subject are highest. Through exploring femininity, individualism, and relationality via regret, the article argues that regret offers a new perspective on understanding the affective register of postfeminism. Furthermore, the article suggests that expressions of regret simultaneously shore up conservative postfeminist logics regarding normative femininity and individualism, while also making visible and offering feminist critiques of structural inequalities and relationality.
Pleasure Aesthetics: On the Art of Mika Rottenberg
Authors: Hayes Shannan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This essay develops a theory of Mika Rottenberg's video art by attending to both the content her work represents (neoliberalism's logic of gendered labor) and the formal characteristics by which her art affects (sensibly drawing the viewer in while resisting assimilation into conceptual critique). Rottenberg's art flirts with a logic of cognitive mapping by suggesting the structures of global production and gendered labor that characterize our neoliberal world order. Through editing and documentary-like international filming, her works suture seemingly disparate locations and activities within an international division of labor. At the same time, her art is neither didactic nor a means to gain abstract, maplike vision of the networked global production system. Rottenberg's art disorients the viewer through pleasurable, haptic, and nonsensical proximities that provide a felt sense of enmeshment within the viewing experience. Rottenberg's art recasts what we might understand not only as the political affectiveness of contemporary art but also the role of aesthetics within feminist practice and critique. This theory of political aesthetics privileges the value of sensible revitalization found in the encounter with art, while departing from established (left) expectations that art's most pressing political relevance is in its ability to raise consciousness or perform critique. This article builds this argument by moving in detail through three of Rottenberg's recent videos: NoNoseKnows (2015), Cosmic Generator (2017), and Spaghetti Blockchain (2019–24).
Just Be There: Ethics and Aesthetics of the Surface in Mike Mills's 20th Century Women
Authors: Glista Victoria (Tia) 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This article offers a reading of Mike Mills's 2016 film 20th Century Women (US), arguing that the film's aesthetic and ethical project is cognate with practices of surface reading, while also offering necessary points of friction and departure. Surface reading makes a compelling argument against the excavation of so-called deeper meaning; however, its claims to objective truthfulness cannot adequately account for the multiplicity of the surface itself — that which ultimately resists the stability that proponents claim it confirms. Instead, as I will argue, we might turn to a method like surface reading not as a tool with which to diagnose true meaning or claim certainty but to think about the surface as a zone that voids knowability, as a site where we find not the transparent but the opaque, and where we encounter fundamental forms of alterity. Drawing primarily on the aesthetic properties of the film, including color, mise-en-scène, cinematography, and editing, I argue that 20th Century Women recuperates the surface, but the surface does not clarify or confirm meaning; rather, as Mills attests, it remains a zone of lasting mystery. This is at the heart of the film's ethical intervention, which resists the possibility of total, appropriative knowledge and coordinates other forms of attention premised on openness and nonmastery instead.
Aromantic Comedy: The Aro/Ace Aesthetics of Together Together
Authors: Leyda Julia , Seymour Nicole 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This article outlines a theory of aromantic and asexual film aesthetics exemplified in a reading of the surrogacy comedy Together Together (dir. Nikole Beckwith, US, 2021). Contextualizing this analysis within the long genre history of the romantic comedy, the article argues that this film constitutes a challenge to the presiding atmosphere of compulsory sexuality in contemporary culture by focalizing a platonic intergenerational friendship, highlighting the quotidian charms and pleasures of that nonsexual and nonromantic relationship, and portraying it as both nurturing and finite. As the article shows, the emerging field of asexuality studies offers a rich ground for intersectional feminist film studies and ongoing scholarship on the romantic comedy genre.
Tobacco Use and Trigeminal Neuralgia: Clinical Features and Outcome After Microvascular Decompression
Authors: Shepherd Jerry , Li Sean , Herring Eric , Labak Collin M. , Miller Jonathan P. 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Tobacco use is known to affect incidence and postoperative outcome for several neurosurgical disorders, but its relationship to trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is not known. We sought to identify unique population characteristics that correlate with tobacco use in a cohort of patients with TN who underwent microvascular decompression (MVD), including effect on long-term postoperative outcome.

METHODS:
Data about 171 patients with classic TN treated with MVD were obtained from a prospectively maintained registry. Patients were classified as smokers or nonsmokers based on the use of tobacco within the 6 months before surgery. Analysis of clinical characteristics and postoperative outcome was performed.

RESULTS:
Compared with nonsmokers with TN, MVD patients using tobacco were significantly younger (53 vs 62 years, P < .01) and less likely to report pain in a single distribution of the trigeminal nerve (36% vs 65%, P < .01). There was no difference between smokers and nonsmokers in the presence of some degree of continuous pain, severity of neurovascular compression, sex, race, obesity, pain duration before presentation, immediate postoperative outcome, length of stay, or postoperative complication profile. Among 128 patients followed for at least 6 months, smokers were significantly less likely to be pain-free off medications at the last follow-up (36% vs 57%, P < .05).

CONCLUSION:
In patients undergoing MVD for TN, smoking is associated with younger age of TN onset, more widespread facial pain, and worse long-term postoperative outcome after MVD. These features suggest that TN in smokers may represent a more severe disease form compared with TN in nonsmokers with different responses to treatment.
Independence and synergy of spatial attention in the two visual systems of jumping spiders
Authors: Loconsole Maria , Ferrante Federico , Giacomazzi Davide , De Agrò Massimo 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
By selectively focusing on a specific portion of the environment, animals can solve the problem of information overload, toning down irrelevant inputs and concentrating only on the relevant ones. This may be of particular relevance for animals such as the jumping spider, which possess a wide visual field of almost 360 deg and thus could benefit from a low-cost system for sharpening attention. Jumping spiders have a modular visual system composed of four pairs of eyes, of which only the two frontal eyes (the anteromedial eyes, AMEs) are motile, whereas the other secondary pairs remain immobile. We hypothesised that jumping spiders can exploit both principal and secondary eyes for stimulus detection and attentional shift, with the two systems working synergistically. In experiment 1, we investigated the attentional responses of AMEs following a spatial cue presented to the secondary eyes. In experiment 2, we tested for enhanced attention in the secondary eyes' visual field congruent with the direction of the AMEs' focus. In both experiments, we observed that animals were faster and more accurate in detecting a target when it appeared in a direction opposite to that of the initial cue. In contrast with our initial hypothesis, these results would suggest that attention is segregated across eyes, with each system working on compensating the other by attending to different spatial locations.
Ecological study measuring the association between conflict, environmental factors, and annual global cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis incidence (2005–2022)
Authors: Tarnas Maia C. , Abbara Aula , Desai Angel N. , Parker Daniel M. 
Published: September 2024

Background
Cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (CL/ML) cause significant morbidity globally and are vulnerable to changes from environmental events and conflict. In this ecological study, we aim to measure the associations between annual CL/ML cases, conflict intensity, and environmental factors between 2005 and 2022 globally.

Methods
We pulled annual case data from the WHO for 52 nations that had conflict intensity scores (ranging from 1–10) from the Bertelsmann Transformation Index. Using Earth observation tools, we gathered temperature, precipitation, vegetation, and humidity data, in addition to data on annual estimates of population, internal displacement, and GDP. We fit a negative binomial generalized additive model with a random nation-level intercept.

Results
Conflict was positively associated with increased CL/ML across the studied nations (IRR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.01–1.16, p = 0.02). Given this, intense conflict (a score of ten) was associated with over double the risk of CL/ML compared to the lowest conflict levels (score of one). We also identified a curvilinear relationship between mean temperature and cases, as well as between vegetation level and cases. Each had small pockets of significant increased and decreased risk, respectively. Larger mean humidity ranges were negatively associated with cases. Importantly, the relationship between conflict intensity and cases was mediated by displacement.

Discussion
Conflict is significantly associated with increased CL/ML cases. This is especially true at higher conflict levels, marking when conflict turns violent. The destruction of critical infrastructure (e.g., that related to healthcare, water, and sanitation) often seen during conflict could drive this association. Such environments can be hospitable to sandflies and can heighten individuals’ vulnerability through increased malnutrition, poverty, and displacement. Understanding this relationship is crucial for public health preparedness and response, especially as conflicts become increasingly violent and protracted.
Is ChatGPT 3.5 smarter than Otolaryngology trainees? A comparison study of board style exam questions
Authors: Patel Jaimin , Robinson Peyton , Illing Elisa , Anthony Benjamin 
Published: September 2024

Objectives
This study compares the performance of the artificial intelligence (AI) platform Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (ChatGPT) to Otolaryngology trainees on board-style exam questions.

Methods
We administered a set of 30 Otolaryngology board-style questions to medical students (MS) and Otolaryngology residents (OR). 31 MSs and 17 ORs completed the questionnaire. The same test was administered to ChatGPT version 3.5, five times. Comparisons of performance were achieved using a one-way ANOVA with Tukey Post Hoc test, along with a regression analysis to explore the relationship between education level and performance.

Results
The average scores increased each year from MS1 to PGY5. A one-way ANOVA revealed that ChatGPT outperformed trainee years MS1, MS2, and MS3 (p = <0.001, 0.003, and 0.019, respectively). PGY4 and PGY5 otolaryngology residents outperformed ChatGPT (p = 0.033 and 0.002, respectively). For years MS4, PGY1, PGY2, and PGY3 there was no statistical difference between trainee scores and ChatGPT (p = .104, .996, and 1.000, respectively).

Conclusion
ChatGPT can outperform lower-level medical trainees on Otolaryngology board-style exam but still lacks the ability to outperform higher-level trainees. These questions primarily test rote memorization of medical facts; in contrast, the art of practicing medicine is predicated on the synthesis of complex presentations of disease and multilayered application of knowledge of the healing process. Given that upper-level trainees outperform ChatGPT, it is unlikely that ChatGPT, in its current form will provide significant clinical utility over an Otolaryngologist.