bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Procedural and clinical impact of intracoronary lithotripsy in heavily calcified aorto‐ostial coronary lesions
Authors: Oliveri Federico , Meijer Maura , Van Oort Martijn J. H. , Al Amri Ibtihal , Bingen Brian O. , Claessen Bimmer E. , Dimitriu‐Leen Aukelien C. , Kefer Joelle , Girgis Hany , Vossenberg Tessel , Van der Kley Frank , Jukema J. Wouter , Montero‐Cabezas Jose M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundPercutaneous coronary intervention of calcified aorto‐ostial lesions (AOL) pose unique challenges due to anatomical propensity for recoil, leading to poorer outcomes compared to non‐AOL. Although intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) has shown excellent success and safety in heavily calcified plaques, evidence specific to AOL is limited. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of IVL in AOL versus non‐AOL.MethodsPatients treated with IVL between 2019 and 2023 from an ongoing prospective multicenter registry were eligible for inclusion. Patients were therefore classified in AOL and non‐AOL groups, based on anatomical location. The primary technical endpoint was device success, defined as the ability to deliver the IVL catheter and pulses at the target lesion, without angiographic complications. Secondary technical endpoint encompassed procedural success <30%, consisting of device success with residual stenosis <30%, final thrombolysis in myocardial infarction grade 3 flow, and no in‐hospital major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). The primary clinical endpoint was in‐hospital MACE, including cardiac death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or target lesion revascularization.ResultsA total of 321 patients underwent IVL, including 48 with AOL. Device success showed no significant difference between AOL and non‐AOL groups (100% vs. 98.2%; p = 0.35). A nonsignificant trend toward worse procedural success with residual stenosis <30% was observed in the AOL arm (AOL 81.3% vs. non‐AOL 90.5%, p = 0.06). In‐hospital MACE was significantly higher in AOL (4.2% vs. 0.7%, p = 0.048), attributed entirely to cardiac deaths. At 6‐month follow‐up, the incidence of MACE (AOL 8.3% vs. non‐AOL 4.0%, p = 0.19), and cardiac deaths (AOL 4.2% vs non‐AOL1.1%, p = 0.11) were comparable between groups.ConclusionIVL treatment for heavily calcified AOL demonstrates comparable procedural and 6‐month clinical outcomes when compared to non‐AOL, despite a higher incidence of in‐hospital MACE.
Zeolite‐Based Materials for Catalytic Oxidation of Volatile Organic Compounds
Authors: Qiu Shuxian , Lu Wei , Zeng Zhuoying , Su Xunxin , Lai Yilan , Liu Xiaojun , Gao Xingyuan , Kawi Sibudjing 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOwing to the structural stability, modifiable acidity, and abundant pores/channels, zeolite‐based materials can act as catalysts or supports for effective conversion of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In this review, a series of VOC oxidation processes catalyzed by zeolite‐based materials will be introduced, which include thermal oxidation, photocatalytic degradation, plasma‐driven removal, catalytic ozonation, microwave‐assisted degradation, and hybrid systems, where the specific roles, modification strategies, and structure–performance relationships of zeolites are discussed in depth. The following topics will also be covered, including the catalytic mechanisms of VOC oxidation, types of zeolite‐based materials in VOC catalytic oxidation, operation parameters in the processes, and reactor designs for efficiency optimization and cost control.
Effective Synthesis of C20‐Epi‐Isothiocyanato‐Salinomycin and its Thiourea Derivatives as Potential Anticancer Agents
Authors: Jiang Rui , Zhang Xin , Li Na , Mao Yuyin , Chen Huan , Deng Zhouming , Wang Wentao , Jiang Zhong‐Xing , Xu Liying , Yang Zhigang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSalinomycin, a naturally occurring polyether ionophore antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces albus, has been demonstrated potent cytotoxic activity against a variety of cancer cell lines. In particular, it exhibits selective targeting of cancer stem cells. However, systemic toxicity, drug resistance and low bioavailability of the drug significantly limit its potential applications. In this study, the C20‐epi‐isothiocyanate of salinomycin was designed and synthesized, and then reacted with amines as a versatile synthon to assemble a series of salinomycin thiourea derivatives, which improved the druggability of salinomycin. The antiproliferative activities of the compounds were evaluated in vitro against A549, HepG2, HeLa, 4T1, and MCF‐7 cancer cell lines using the CCK‐8 assay. The pharmacological results showed that some salinomycin thiourea derivatives exhibited excellent inhibitory activity against at least one of the tested tumor cells and high selectivity. Further mechanistic studies showed that compound 9 f, containing a 3,5‐difluorobenzyl moiety, could directly induce apoptosis, probably by increasing caspase‐9 protein expression and cell cycle arrest in G1 phase in a concentration dependent manner.
Halogen Bonding in N‐Alkyl‐Bromo‐/Lodo‐Pyridinium Salts and its Application in Chromatography
Authors: Wendt Peter , Bader Julia , Waltersmann Paul L. , Wendt Peter , Schröder Jan‐Hendrik , Keßler Mira , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Neumann Beate , Delp Axel , Paesler Franziska , Schulte Michael , Hoge Berthold 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe alkylation of 3‐/4‐bromo‐ and ‐iodopyridine with methyl triflate smoothly affords the corresponding N‐methylpyridinium triflate salts. An anion exchange with NaI or [PPh4]Y (Y=Cl, Br, I) yields the corresponding halide salts. Most of them could be structurally characterized and their strong halogen bonds were investigated. While the halogen atom of 4‐halogenopyridinium is susceptible to nucleophilic substitution, 3‐halogenopyridinium ions are far more stable against nucleophilic attacks. Due to the comparable interaction strength of halogen bonds and hydrogen bonds, the latter of which is widely used in chromatography, the potential of 3‐halogenopyridinium moieties for an application in chromatography is obvious and was successfully employed in affinity chromatography of different proteins.
ClusFC‐IoT: A clustering‐based approach for data reduction in fog‐cloud‐enabled IoT
Authors: Hemmati Atefeh , Rahmani Amir Masoud 
Published: September 2024

SummaryThe Internet of Things (IoT) is an ever‐expanding network technology that connects diverse objects and devices, generating vast amounts of heterogeneous data at the network edge. These vast volumes of data present significant challenges in data management, transmission, and storage. In fog‐cloud‐enabled IoT, where data are processed at the edge (fog) and in the cloud, efficient data reduction strategies become imperative. One such method is clustering, which groups similar data points together to reduce redundancy and facilitate more efficient data management. In this paper, we introduce ClusFC‐IoT, a novel two‐phase clustering‐based approach designed to optimize the management of IoT‐generated data. In the first phase, which is performed in the fog layer, we used the K‐means clustering algorithm to group the received data from the IoT layer based on similarity. This initial clustering creates distinct clusters, with a central data point representing each cluster. Incoming data from the IoT side is assigned to these existing clusters if they have similar characteristics, which reduces data redundancy and transfers to the cloud layer. In a second phase performed in the cloud layer, we performed additional K‐means clustering on the data obtained from the fog layer. In this secondary clustering phase, we stabilized the similarities between the clusters created in the fog layer further optimized the data display, and reduced the redundancy. To verify the effectiveness of ClusFC‐IoT, we implemented it using four different IoT data sets in Python 3. The implementation results show a reduction in data transmission compared to other methods, which makes ClusFC‐IoT very suitable for resource‐constrained IoT environments.
Scalable Li‐Ion Battery with Metal/Metal Oxide Sulfur Cathode and Lithiated Silicon Oxide/Carbon Anode
Authors: Barcaro Edoardo , Marangon Vittorio , Bresser Dominic , Hassoun Jusef 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA Li‐ion battery combines a cathode benefitting from Sn and MnO2 with high sulfur content, and a lithiated anode including fumed silica, few layer graphene (FLG) and amorphous carbon. This battery is considered a scalable version of the system based on lithium‐sulfur (Li−S) conversion, since it exploits at the anode the Li‐ion electrochemistry instead of Li‐metal stripping/deposition. Sn and MnO2 are used as cathode additives to improve the electrochemical process, increase sulfur utilization, while mitigating the polysulfides loss typical of Li−S devices. The cathode demonstrates in half‐cell a maximum capacity of ~1170 mAh gS−1, rate performance extended over 1 C, and retention of 250 cycles. The anode undergoes Li‐(de)alloying with silicon, Li‐(de)insertion into amorphous carbon, and Li‐(de)intercalation through FLG, with capacity of 500 mAh g−1 in half‐cell, completely retained over 400 cycles. The full‐cells are assembled by combining a sulfur cathode with active material loading up to 3 mg cm−2 and lithiated version of the anode, achieved either using an electrochemical pathway or a chemical one. The cells deliver at C/5 initial capacity higher than 1000 mAh gS−1, retained for over ~40 % upon 400 cycles. The battery is considered a promising energy storage system for possible scaling‐up in pouch or cylindrical cells.
Henkel‐like Decarboxylation Produces Mononuclear Arylalkalis, [4‐(CH3)3N(C6H4)M]+ which Hydrolyse and Undergo Surprising SN2 Reactions Between Alkali Hydroxides and (CH3)3NC6H5+
Authors: Altalhi Weam A. O. , Canty Allan J. , O'Hair Richard A. J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBenzoate substituted with a cationic quaternary ammonium group at the para‐position, [4‐(CH3)3N(C6H4)CO2], forms mononuclear alkali metal ion complexes, [4‐(CH3)3N(C6H4)CO2M]+ (M=Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs), which are observed by electrospray‐ionisation mass spectrometry. When mass selected and subjected to collision‐induced dissociation each of these complexes undergoes decarboxylation to produce the mononuclear arylalkali complex cations, [4‐(CH3)3N(C6H4)M]+, which subsequently react with water via hydrolysis to yield the quaternary ammonium cation, (CH3)3NC6H5+. The unexpected product ions, [M((CH3)2NC6H5)]+, [M(CH3OH)]+, and M+, which are associated with the hydrolysis pathway, suggest an unusual reaction occurring within the exit channel ion‐molecule complex, [(CH3)3NC6H5+MOH]+. DFT calculations were used to examine the: decarboxylation reaction of [4‐(CH3)3N(C6H4)CO2M]+, which readily proceeds via a four‐centred transition state; the hydrolysis and SN2 reactions accounting for formation of products in the exit channel, which are connected via a roaming mechanism in which the metal hydroxide moiety migrates from the para‐hydrogen of (CH3)3NC6H5+ to one of the methyl groups.
Biogas production and techno‐economic feasibility studies of setting up household biogas technology in Africa: A critical review
Authors: Gbadeyan Oluwatoyin J. , Muthivhi Joseph , Linganiso Linda Z. , Deenadayalu Nirmala , Alabi Oluwaseyi O. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis critical review examines the potential of household biogas technology in Africa, focusing on biogas production and techno‐economic feasibility studies. The review highlights the benefits of biogas technology, including renewable energy generation, waste management, and improved public health. A significant portion of Africa's rural population, approximately 60%, grapples with limited access to reliable power sources. The study analyzes various biogas production systems, including anaerobic digesters and biomass gasifiers, and evaluates their economic viability in different African contexts. The review identifies key factors influencing the adoption of household biogas technology, including policy and regulatory frameworks, financing mechanisms, and public awareness. Biogas production stands out as one of the promising renewable energy sources. However, it also discusses the challenges and limitations of implementing this technology on a continental scale. The study analyzes various biogas production systems, including anaerobic digesters and biomass gasifiers, and evaluates their economic viability in different African contexts. The review identifies key factors influencing the adoption of household biogas technology, including policy and regulatory frameworks, financing mechanisms, and public awareness. The study concludes by recommending strategies for scaling up biogas technology in Africa, including capacity building, technology transfer, and innovative financing models. The review aims to provide a comprehensive resource for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners working towards sustainable energy solutions in Africa.
Research on the technical improvement of the turbine runner of a power station based on improving stability
Authors: Li Shenhui , Yao Bing , Pang Jiayang , Liu Demin , Chengmei Dan , Jiang Dengyun , Wang Haiqi , Gang Yuanyuan , Cheng Huan , Liu Xiaobing 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn view of problems such as the narrow efficiency area, large hydraulic vibration area, pressure pulsation, and serious sediment wear of turbines at the Futang hydropower station, the technical transformation of turbine runners was carried out by modifying the blade shape and increasing the blade thickness, and a combination of numerical simulations based on shear stress transport k–ω turbulence model and tests was adopted to improve the operational stability of power station units. Calculation and testing demonstrate an enlargement of the high‐efficiency zone. Specifically, the optimal efficiency of the runner increases by 0.37%, while the rated efficiency rises by 0.19%. Significant reductions are observed in pressure pulsation within the draft tube and vaneless area decrease of approximately 50%. There is a high‐frequency pressure pulsation in the vaneless zone and the runner under low‐load conditions, and the influence of dynamic and static interference gradually weakens with the increase of opening. The draft tube is prone to eccentric vortex bands under partial working conditions, which causes the unit to be affected by low‐frequency pulsation. This optimization also leads to a notable decrease in runner blade wear, with the maximum sand and water velocity reduced from 45 to 40 m/s, resulting in a 30% reduction in sand wear. Moreover, there is a substantial enhancement in the runner's stiffness, with the thickness of the blade near the high stress area of the upper crown and lower ring increasing by over 50%, and the weight of each individual blade increasing by more than 50%. These research findings validate that modifying the runner blade effectively improves flow patterns, reduces eddy current generation, minimizes pressure pulsation, widens the high‐efficiency zone, decreases wear, and enhances the operational stability of the unit. The technical transformation method and research results of this study have important guiding significance for similar technical transformation of other power stations
Multiscale spatiotemporal evolution and zoning of energy consumption carbon footprint in the Yellow River Basin
Authors: Zhang Liyan , Song Mei , Zhang Jia , Hao Xuguang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractClassifying emission reduction zones on different scales has important implications for the ecological protection and high‐quality development of the Yellow River Basin. Based on remote sensing data and a light‐carbon conversion model, carbon footprints at provincial, municipal, and county scales in the Yellow River Basin are measured. The spatiotemporal evolution critical paths of carbon footprints at the three spatial scales are compared and classified into different zones using spatiotemporal evolution analysis methods. The conclusions are as follows: (1) The carbon footprint increased over the years. The spatial distributions of carbon footprints at the three scales are not only consistent but also different. The study of carbon footprints at the county scale is more conducive to the summary of the spatiotemporal evolution and the formulation of detailed emission reduction schemes. (2) Four provinces, 48 cities, and 373 counties are designated as a “core protected zone”; three provinces, 29 cities, and 177 counties are designated as a “strictly governed zone”; one province, 12 cities, and 47 counties are designated as a “key restricted zone”; four cities and 39 counties are designated as an “alert diffusion zone.” (3) The agglomeration expansion trend and the spillover effect of high‐carbon footprint units at the county scale are more obvious. Further enhancement of the path‐locking characteristics of the carbon footprints of counties will make governance more difficult. Effective governance of carbon footprint at the county scale is of urgent concern. These results provide scientific evidence for multiscale carbon emission control and zoning policy formulation in the Yellow River Basin.
Correlation between serum vitamin D level and acute invasive enteritis in children
Authors: Yang Lingrong , Fang Yu , Zheng Jinyu , Zhu Qiaoying , Tang Li , Xiong Fu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundDiarrhea is a leading cause of death in young children worldwide. Vitamin D deficiency impairs the body's ability to clear pathogens, reduces tight junction protein expression in intestinal epithelial cells, and enhances Th1‐mediated intestinal inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the effects of serum vitamin D levels on acute invasive enteritis in children.MethodsThis prospective cohort study included 82 children aged 1–3 years with clinically diagnosed acute invasive enteritis at Sichuan Maternal and Child Health Hospital from February 2021 to February 2022, alongside a control group of 80 healthy children. Fecal specimens were collected for routine tests and occult blood analysis, while blood samples were taken for routine tests, C‐reactive protein, and 25‐OHD levels. Comparative analyses were performed between groups, and multifactorial logistic regression was used to identify factors influencing invasive enteritis.ResultsThe study group showed significantly lower serum 25‐OHD levels (27.95 ± 9.91 ng/mL) compared to controls (32.76 ± 10.23 ng/mL, p < .01). Among the study group, 19.5% (16/82) had levels <20 ng/mL, versus 12.5% (10/80) in controls. Regular vitamin D supplementation was lower in the study group (58.5% vs. 77.5%, p < .05). Outdoor activity duration was also reduced (2.57 ± 0.98 h vs. 3.04 ± 0.88 h, p < .01). Multivariate analysis identified that exclusive breastfeeding, greater outdoor activity time and regular vitamin D supplementation were all associated with reduced risk of invasive enteritis (p < .05).ConclusionThe findings indicate an association between low serum 25‐OHD levels and acute invasive enteritis in children aged 1‐3 years, suggesting that consistent vitamin D supplementation and sufficient outdoor activity may protect against this condition.
Gut microbiota dynamics of adult and sub‐adult sika deer during reintroduction
Authors: Zhang Wentao , Yang Feifei , Bao Heng , Sun Jiale , Cheng Wannian , Chen Shiyu , Roberts Nathan J. , Guan Yanhui , Guo Shixian , Sun Jixu , Jiang Guangshun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPrey populations significantly influence the distribution of top predators. The sika deer (Cervus nippon), a key prey species for the Amur tiger in Northeast China, plays a critical role in the recovery and dispersal of Amur tiger populations. Reintroduction is a pivotal strategy for restoring prey populations, but it presents challenges, especially in terms of adaptation to the natural environment during the natural training process before animals are released. In this study, we sampled six adult and six sub‐adult sika deer and employed high‐throughput sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene to investigate changes in gut microbial diversity, composition, and function during natural training. The results showed that adult sika deer had higher gut microbiota diversity compared to sub‐adults. However, as natural training progressed, the gut microbial diversity in sub‐adults approached that of adults. Additionally, beneficial, fiber‐digesting bacteria associated with adaptation to the natural environment tended to increase during nature training in both adult and sub‐adult sika deer, while pathogenic bacteria tended to decrease. We also compared the metabolic function of the gut microbiota in adult and sub‐adult sika deer, which showed that the carbohydrate metabolic function of both adults and sub‐adults decreased significantly with natural training, declining more rapidly in sub‐adults. Conversely, the lipid metabolic function in sub‐adults increased significantly with natural training. Overall, a period of nature training is necessary before reintroducing animals to their natural habitats, and sub‐adult sika deer, in particular, exhibit greater adaptability to environmental changes as reflected by their gut microbiota dynamics. These findings offer valuable insights for the reintroduction of sika deer and other ungulates. We recommend incorporating natural training in reintroduction programs and prioritizing sub‐adult animals for reintroduction.
Enhancing protective immunity against bacterial infection via coating nano‐Rehmannia glutinosa polysaccharide with outer membrane vesicles
Authors: Huang Yee , Sun Jiaying , Cui Xuemei , Li Xuefeng , Hu Zizhe , Ji Quanan , Bao Guolian , Liu Yan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWith the coming of the post‐antibiotic era, there is an increasingly urgent need for safe and efficient antibacterial vaccines. Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) have received increased attention recently as a potential subunit vaccine. OMVs are non‐replicative and contain the principle immunogenic bacterial antigen, which circumvents the safety concerns of live‐attenuated vaccines. Here, we developed a novel nano‐vaccine by coating OMVs onto PEGylated nano‐Rehmannia glutinosa polysaccharide (pRL) in a structure consisting of concentric circles, resulting in a more stable vaccine with improved immunogenicity. The immunological function of the pRL‐OMV formulation was evaluated in vivo and in vitro, and the underlying mechanism was studied though transcriptomic analysis. The pRL‐OMV formulation significantly increased dendritic cell (DC) proliferation and cytokine secretion. Efficient phagocytosis of the formulation by DCs was accompanied by DC maturation. Further, the formulation demonstrated superior lymph node targeting, contributing to a potent mixed cellular response and bacterial‐specific antibody response against Bordetella bronchiseptica infection. Specifically, transcriptomic analysis revealed that the immune protection function correlated with T‐cell receptor signalling and Th1/Th2/Th17 differentiation, among other markers of enhanced immunological activity. These findings have implications for the future application of OMV‐coated nano‐carriers in antimicrobial immunotherapy.
On two problems of defective choosability of graphs
Authors: Ma Jie , Xu Rongxing , Zhu Xuding 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGiven positive integers , and a nonnegative integer , we say a graph is ‐choosable if for every list assignment with for each and , there exists an ‐coloring of such that each monochromatic subgraph has maximum degree at most . In particular, ‐choosable means ‐colorable, ‐choosable means ‐choosable and ‐choosable means ‐defective ‐choosable. This paper proves that there are 1‐defective 3‐choosable planar graphs that are not 4‐choosable, and for any positive integers , and nonnegative integer , there are ‐choosable graphs that are not ‐choosable. These results answer questions asked by Wang and Xu, and Kang, respectively. Our construction of ‐choosable but not ‐choosable graphs generalizes the construction of Král' and Sgall for the case .