bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Student nurses’ competence in sexual health care: A literature review
Authors: Blakey Emma Pascale , Aveyard Helen 
Published: March 2017

Aims and objectivesTo explore the way in which sexual health care is perceived and experienced by students in clinical practice.BackgroundStudent nurses understand the need to learn about sexual health but report a variety of learning needs and experience challenges acquiring skills to deliver such care in part due to varied clinical experience. Furthermore, there is a paucity of data exploring clinical competence of sexual health care among student nurses.Design and methodsA literature review of the published literature was conducted following a search of online databases. Articles were selected for analysis according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Eight articles were critically appraised and thematically analysed.ResultsThe following themes were identified: student nurses report having a positive attitude towards sexual health care; however, many felt uncomfortable about addressing sexual health and are reluctant to initiate a conversation; many student nurses lack knowledge about sexual health; they also lack role models at university and on clinical placement. Student nurse caregiving in relation to sexual health was also noted.ConclusionsIt is encouraging that student nurses have some knowledge, but their knowledge assessed is narrow. Their attitude is generally positive although many feel uncomfortable discussing issues of sexual health and sexuality. Very few student nurses report delivering sexual health care. There is a lack of positive role models both on clinical placement and at university.Relevance to clinical practiceThe reasons behind a lack of sexual health care delivery by student nurses should be understood. Student nurses should be supported to assess patient need and provide holistic care. Positive role models should be established in clinical and educational environments along with a focus on wider sexual health knowledge and skills.
The hand hygiene compliance of student nurses during clinical placements
Authors: Sundal Jorun Sætre , Aune Anne Grethe , Storvig Eline , Aasland Jenny Kristin , Fjeldsæter Kaja Linn , Torjuul Kirsti 
Published: March 2017

Aims and objectivesTo observe student nurses’ overall and moment‐specific hand hygiene compliance during clinical placement.BackgroundHand hygiene is the single most important measure to prevent healthcare‐associated infections. However, research has shown low compliance among healthcare workers. During clinical placements, student nurses perform various nursing tasks and procedures to a large number of patients, requiring extensive patient contact. It is crucial that they practice correct hand hygiene to prevent healthcare‐associated infections.DesignOpen, standardised and nonparticipating observations.MethodsTwenty‐nine student nurses were observed three times for 20 ± 10 min during clinical placement in a Norwegian university hospital. To measure compliance, we used WHO's Hand Hygiene Observation tool, based on the model “My five moments for hand hygiene”.ResultsOverall hand hygiene compliance in the student group was 83.5%. Highest moment‐specific compliance was after touching patient surroundings, after touching patients and after body fluid exposure risk. Lowest moment‐specific compliance was recorded before touching patients or patient surroundings, and before clean/aseptic procedures.ConclusionsNurse education needs to be improved both theoretically and during clinical placements in order to advance and sustain compliance among student nurses.Relevance to clinical practiceIncreasing healthcare workers’ compliance with hand hygiene guidelines remains a challenge to the clinical community. In order to reduce healthcare‐associated infections, it is important to educate student nurses to comply with the guidelines during clinical placements. Identifying student nurses’ hand hygiene performance is the first step towards developing teaching methods to improve and sustain their overall and moment‐specific compliance. As a measure to ensure student compliance during clinical placements, mentors should be aware of their influence on students’ performance, act as hand hygiene ambassadors, encourage students to comply with established guidelines and provide regular feedback.
Spiritual aspects of living with infertility: A synthesis of qualitative studies
Authors: Romeiro Joana , Caldeira Sílvia , Brady Vivienne , Timmins Fiona , Hall Jenny 
Published: March 2017

Aims and objectivesTo identify the spiritual aspects of patients experiencing infertility and seek a deeper and broader meaning of the involuntary childlessness experience.BackgroundInfertility can be the cause for a spiritual crisis among some couples. Those who endure this involuntary childlessness condition frequently experience contradictory feelings and needs. In this context, core aspects of spirituality such as meaning and purpose in life are often questioned.DesignA review and synthesis of qualitative empirical research was undertaken to seek a deeper understanding of the spiritual aspects of patients’ experiences of infertility.MethodsAn aggregative synthesis was conducted according to Saini and Shlonsky (Systematic synthesis of qualitative research, 2012, Oxford University Press, Oxford), using thematic analysis.ResultsA total of 26 studies included female, male and couples. Settings revealed interviewees in different infertility phases such as diagnosis, assisted reproductive technologies and following fertility treatments. Two main themes emerged: spiritual needs and spirituality as a coping resource for infertility.ConclusionInfertility affects the holistic existence of the couples. This adversity awakens spiritual needs along with unmet needs of parenthood. Coping strategies incorporating spirituality can enhance the ability of couples to overcome childlessness and suffering.Relevance to clinical practiceInfertile couples’ experiences of infertility may offer an opportunity for spiritual care particularly related to the assessment of spiritual needs and the promotion of spiritual coping strategies. Effective holistic care should support couples in overcoming and finding meaning in this life and health condition.
Maternal vernalization and vernalization‐pathway genes influence progeny seed germination
Authors: Auge Gabriela A. , Blair Logan K. , Neville Hannah , Donohue Kathleen 
Published: March 2017

Summary

Different life stages frequently respond to the same environmental cue to regulate development so that each life stage is matched to its appropriate season. We investigated how independently each life stage can respond to shared environmental cues, focusing on vernalization, in Arabidopsis thaliana plants.

We first tested whether effects of rosette vernalization persisted to influence seed germination. To test whether genes in the vernalization flowering pathway also influence germination, we assessed germination of functional and nonfunctional alleles of these genes and measured their level of expression at different life stages in response to rosette vernalization.

Rosette vernalization increased seed germination in diverse ecotypes. Genes in the vernalization flowering pathway also influenced seed germination. In the Columbia accession, functional alleles of most of these genes opposed the germination response observed in the ecotypes. Some genes influenced germination in a manner consistent with their known effects on FLOWERING LOCUS C gene regulation during the transition to flowering. Others did not, suggesting functional divergence across life stages.

Despite persistent effects of environmental conditions across life stages, and despite pleiotropy of genes that affect both flowering and germination, the function of these genes can differ across life stages, potentially mitigating pleiotropic constraints and enabling independent environmental regulation of different life stages.
Intraspecific chemical communication in microalgae
Authors: Venuleo Marianna , Raven John A. , Giordano Mario 
Published: March 2017

Contents

Summary
516

I.
Introduction
516

II.
What does ‘intraspecific’ mean in the case of microalgae?
518

III.
Modulation of intraspecific chemical communication
518

IV.
Genetic and phenotypic bases for intraspecific communication
521

V.
Possible evolutionary trajectories of intraspecific chemical communication
523

VI.
Processes entailing intraspecific communication
523

VII.
Conclusions
526

Acknowledgements
526

References
526

SummaryThe relevance of infochemicals in the relationships between organisms is emerging as a fundamental aspect of aquatic ecology. Exchanges of chemical cues are likely to occur not only between organisms of different species, but also between conspecific individuals. Especially intriguing is the investigation of chemical communication in microalgae, because of the relevance of these organisms for global primary production and their key role in trophic webs. Intraspecific communication between algae has been investigated mostly in relation to sexuality and mating. The literature also contains information on other types of intraspecific chemical communication that have not always been explicitly tagged as ways to communicate to conspecifics. However, the proposed role of certain compounds as intraspecific infochemicals appears questionable. In this article, we make use of this plethora of information to describe the various instances of intraspecific chemical communication between conspecific microalgae and to identify the common traits and ecological significance of intraspecific communication. We also discuss the evolutionary implications of intraspecific chemical communication and the mechanisms by which it can be inherited. A special focus is the genetic diversity among conspecific algae, including the possibility that genetic diversity is an absolute requirement for intraspecific chemical communication.
Effect of Tempol on the prevention of irradiation‐induced mucositis in miniature pigs
Authors: Hu L , Wang Y , Cotrim AP , Zhu Z , Gao R , Zheng C , Goldsmith CM , Jin L , Zhang C , Mitchell JB , Baum BJ , Wang S 
Published: March 2017

ObjectiveThe goals of this study were to (i) establish a useful miniature pig (minipig) model for irradiation‐induced oral mucositis and (ii) evaluate the effect of Tempol to prevent its development.Methods and MaterialsMinipigs were irradiated with 6 Gy for five consecutive days targeting the entire oral cavity. To prevent radiation damage, minipigs were treated with 30 mg kg−1 Tempol 10 min before irradiation (n = 4), while the radiation‐alone group was similarly injected with saline (n = 4). Lesions were graded using an oral mucositis score and visual inspection every 3 days, and biopsy of multiple sites was performed at day 18. Weight and chest and abdominal circumferences were measured every 3 days.ResultsLesions began about 12 days after the first irradiation fraction and healed about 30 days after irradiation. Epithelial thickness was calculated on the lingual and buccal mucosa on the 18th day after the first irradiation fraction. Tempol provided modest protection from ulceration after irradiation using this treatment strategy.ConclusionsThis study established a useful large animal model for irradiation‐induced oral mucositis and showed modest beneficial effects of Tempol in limiting tissue damage. The latter finding may be potentially valuable in preventing oral mucositis in patients receiving irradiation for head and neck cancers.
A bibliometric analysis of pediatric liver transplantation publications
Authors: McDowell Dermot T. , Darani Alexandre , Shun Albert , Thomas Gordon , Holland Andrew J. A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractCitation counts can identify landmark papers. The aim of this study was to identify and characterize the top‐cited articles in the pediatric liver transplantation literature. A search strategy for the Scopus® database was designed for pediatric liver transplantation publications from 1945 to 2014. The 50 top‐cited articles were analyzed. Author co‐citation analysis was performed using VOSviewer techniques. There were 2896 articles published between 1969 and 2015. The mean citation count of the top 50 cited articles was 166 (range 95‐635). There were three case reports in this top‐cited list. There were 15 collaborations in this top‐cited list with nine being international. The top‐cited publications originated in 12 countries, with the USA and the UK contributing 31 and seven articles, respectively. There were 14 authors with four or more publications in this list. There was a single author with nine publications in the top‐cited list. These top‐cited papers were found in 16 journals, with three journals collectively publishing over 50% of these publications. Pediatric liver transplantation research is an evolving entity. Surgical techniques and case reports are influential articles. Collaborations at a national and international level produce highly cited articles, which are found in influential journals.
Imaging for Vascular Calcification
Authors: Raggi Paolo , O'Neill W. Charles 
Published: March 2017

AbstractChronic decline in renal function is accompanied by deterioration of bone structure and function and progressive calcification of the vascular system. Both disease states have been linked with increased morbidity and mortality in chronic kidney disease. The severe alterations of mineral metabolism inherent with loss of renal function have an impact on vascular calcification development and progression, and several investigators have focused on ways to reduce their impact on vascular health. Imaging has contributed an important role in the assessment of vascular calcification, and the impact of various interventions aimed at curbing their progression.
Early structural and functional signature of 3‐day human skeletal muscle disuse using the dry immersion model
Authors: Demangel Rémi , Treffel Loïc , Py Guillaume , Brioche Thomas , Pagano Allan F. , Bareille Marie‐Pierre , Beck Arnaud , Pessemesse Laurence , Candau Robin , Gharib Claude , Chopard Angèle , Millet Catherine 
Published: March 2017

Key points
Our study contributes to the characterization of muscle loss and weakness processes induced by a sedentary life style, chronic hypoactivity, clinical bed rest, immobilization and microgravity.
This study, by bringing together integrated and cellular evaluation of muscle structure and function, identifies the early functional markers and biomarkers of muscle deconditioning.
Three days of muscle disuse in healthy adult subjects is sufficient to significantly decrease muscle mass, tone and force, and to induce changes in function relating to a weakness in aerobic metabolism and muscle fibre denervation.
The outcomes of this study should be considered in the development of an early muscle loss prevention programme and/or the development of pre‐conditioning programmes required before clinical bed rest, immobilization and spaceflight travel.
AbstractMicrogravity and hypoactivity are associated with skeletal muscle deconditioning. The decrease of muscle mass follows an exponential decay, with major changes in the first days. The purpose of the study was to dissect out the effects of a short‐term 3‐day dry immersion (DI) on human quadriceps muscle function and structure. The DI model, by suppressing all support zones, accurately reproduces the effects of microgravity. Twelve healthy volunteers (32 ± 5 years) completed 3 days of DI. Muscle function was investigated through maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) tests and muscle viscoelasticity. Structural experiments were performed using MRI analysis and invasive experiments on muscle fibres. Our results indicated a significant 9.1% decrease of the normalized MVC constant (P = 0.048). Contraction and relaxation modelization kinetics reported modifications related to torque generation (kACT = −29%; P = 0.014) and to the relaxation phase (kREL = +34%; P = 0.040) after 3 days of DI. Muscle viscoelasticity was also altered. From day one, rectus femoris stiffness and tone decreased by, respectively, 7.3% (P = 0.002) and 10.2% (P = 0.002), and rectus femoris elasticity decreased by 31.5% (P = 0.004) after 3 days of DI. At the cellular level, 3 days of DI translated into a significant atrophy of type I muscle fibres (−10.6 ± 12.1%, P = 0.027) and an increased proportion of hybrid, type I/IIX fibre co‐expression. Finally, we report an increase (6‐fold; P = 0.002) in NCAM+ muscle fibres, showing an early denervation process. This study is the first to report experiments performed in Europe investigating human short‐term DI‐induced muscle adaptations, and contributes to deciphering the early changes and biomarkers of skeletal muscle deconditioning.
Dientamoeba fragilis, a Commensal in Children in Danish Day Care Centers
Authors: Jokelainen Pikka , Hebbelstrup Jensen Betina , Andreassen Bente Utoft , Petersen Andreas Munk , Röser Dennis , Krogfelt Karen A. , Nielsen Henrik V. , Stensvold Christen R. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

Dientamoeba fragilis
is an intestinal protozoan of debated clinical significance. Here, we present cross-sectional and longitudinal observations on
D. fragilis
in children aged 0 to 6 years from a 1-year multi-day-care-center cohort study set in Copenhagen, Denmark. The inclusion period for the cohort was 2009 through 2012. Stool samples collected from the children were accompanied by questionnaires completed by the parents or guardians of the children. Using real-time PCR,
D. fragilis
was detected in the first stool sample from 97 of 142 (68.3%) children. We evaluated the associations between seven plausible risk factors (age, sex, having siblings, having domestic animals at home, having had infant colic, recent history of intake of antibiotics, and recent history of travel abroad) as well as six reported symptoms (lack of appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, weight loss, and diarrhea) and testing positive for
D. fragilis
. The final multivariable model identified being >3 years old and having a history of recent travel abroad as risk factors for testing positive for
D. fragilis
. Moreover, univariable analyses indicated that having siblings was a risk factor. There was no statistical association between a recent history of gastrointestinal symptoms and testing positive for
D. fragilis
. Among the 108 children who were represented by ≥2 samples and thus included in the longitudinal analysis, 32 tested negative on the first sample and positive later, and the last sample from each of the 108 children was positive. The results are in support of
D. fragilis
being a common enteric commensal in this population.
Predicting the Ability of Preclinical Diagnosis To Improve Control of Farm-to-Farm Foot-and-Mouth Disease Transmission in Cattle
Authors: Nelson Noel , Paton David J. , Gubbins Simon , Colenutt Claire , Brown Emma , Hodgson Sophia , Gonzales Jose L. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) can cause large disruptive epidemics in livestock. Current eradication measures rely on the rapid clinical detection and removal of infected herds. Here, we evaluated the potential for preclinical diagnosis during reactive surveillance to reduce the risk of between-farm transmission. We used data from transmission experiments in cattle where both samples from individual animals, such as blood, probang samples, and saliva and nasal swabs, and herd-level samples, such as air samples, were taken daily during the course of infection. The sensitivity of each of these sample types for the detection of infected cattle during different phases of the early infection period was quantified. The results were incorporated into a mathematical model for FMD, in a cattle herd, to evaluate the impact of the early detection and culling of an infected herd on the infectious output. The latter was expressed as the between-herd reproduction ratio,

R
h

, where an effective surveillance approach would lead to a reduction in the

R
h

value to <1. Applying weekly surveillance, clinical inspection alone was found to be ineffective at blocking transmission. This was in contrast to the impact of weekly random sampling (i.e., using saliva swabs) of at least 10 animals per farm or daily air sampling (housed cattle), both of which were shown to reduce the

R
h

to <1. In conclusion, preclinical detection during outbreaks has the potential to allow earlier culling of infected herds and thereby reduce transmission and aid the control of epidemics.
In Vitro
Susceptibility Testing of Tedizolid against Nontuberculous Mycobacteria
Authors: Brown-Elliott Barbara A. , Wallace Richard J. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

Tedizolid is a new oxazolidinone with improved
in vitro
and intracellular potency against
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
, including multidrug-resistant strains, and some species of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) compared with that of linezolid. Using the current Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)-recommended method of broth microdilution, susceptibility testing of 170 isolates of rapidly growing mycobacteria showed equivalent or lower (1- to 8-fold) MIC
50
and/or MIC
90
values for tedizolid compared with that for linezolid. The tedizolid MIC
90
values for 81 isolates of
M. abscessus
subsp.
abscessus
and 12 isolates of
M. abscessus
subsp.
massiliense
were 8 μg/ml and 4 μg/ml, respectively, compared with linezolid MIC
90
values of 32 μg/ml for both. The MIC
90
values for 20 isolates of
M. fortuitum
were 2 μg/ml for tedizolid and 4 μg/ml for linezolid. Twenty-two isolates of
M. chelonae
had tedizolid and linezolid MIC
90
s of 2 μg/ml and 16 μg/ml, respectively. One hundred forty-two slowly growing NTM, including 7/7
M. marinum
, 7/7
M. kansasii
, and 7/11 of other less commonly isolated species, had tedizolid MICs of ≤1 μg/ml and linezolid MICs of ≤4 μg/ml. One hundred isolates of
Mycobacterium avium
complex and eight
M. simiae
isolates had tedizolid MIC
50
s of 8 μg/ml and linezolid MIC
50
s 32 and 64 μg/ml, respectively. Nine
M. arupense
isolates had MIC
50
s of 4 μg/ml and 16 μg/ml for tedizolid and linezolid, respectively. These findings demonstrate a greater
in vitro
potency of tedizolid than linezolid against NTM and suggest that an evaluation of tedizolid as a potential treatment agent for infections caused by selected NTM is warranted.