bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
¿Cómo usan los parlamentos las redes sociales? Un estudio comparado y longitudinal aplicado a países de América y Europa (2010, 2015 y 2017)
Authors: Giraldo-Luque Santiago , Villegas-Simón Isabel , Carniel Bugs Ricardo 
Published: November 2017

El artículo analiza el uso que los parlamentos hacen de las redes sociales a partir del estudio de las cámaras representativas de Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Estados Unidos, España, Francia, Italia, Reino Unido y Suecia. Metodología: A través de un análisis de contenido efectuado en 2010, 2015 y 2017, el texto presenta la evolución y la trayectoria del uso de las redes sociales en cada uno de los años y países de estudio. Resultados y conclusiones: Los resultados indican un aumento del uso informativo y divulgativo de las redes sociales en los parlamentos, pero demuestra pocos avances en la creación de espacios deliberativos o participativos en las plataformas. El artículo identifica acciones parlamentarias orientadas a integrar el ecosistema mediático cambiante, ligado a las redes sociales, aunque la intención se limita a la figuración y al impacto dentro del marco mediático, más que en la promoción de la participación mediada por las redes sociales.
Impacted Third Molars and Its Propensity to stimulate External Root Resorption in Second Molars: Comparison of Orthopantomogram and Cone Beam Computed Tomography
Authors: Binnal Almas , D'Costa Zeena V , Ahmed Junaid 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTAimThis study was designed to compare the efficiency of conebeam computed tomography (CBCT) with panoramic radiography to discern external root resorption (ERR) in second molars.Materials and methodsThis was a retrospective study with a sample size of 50 participants who had a total of 120 impacted third molars visible on panoramic radiographs and CBCT images. The presence of ERR on the neighboring second molar was assessed and the position of impacted third molar was determined using Pell and Gregory classification. The ERR was registered according to Al-Khateeb and Bataineh's criteria. The location and severity were assessed by Ericson et al criteria, and grading of ERR was done as per the criteria given by Nemcovsky.ResultsThe CBCT was able to locate and identify extremely large number of cases with ERR on second molars in comparison with the panoramic radiographs. Based on Pell and Gregory classification, position B was most common. The ERR on second molars was most commonly seen at the cervical region. Most of the cases had mild severity. As per grading mentioned by Nemcovsky, maximum number of cases were given grade A followed by grade B.ConclusionAccording to our study and considering the threedimensional information obtained from CBCT, we found that ERR was better detected with CBCT.Clinical significanceIf on panoramic radiographs, a close contact is detected between the second molar and an impacted third molar, CBCT can be advised taking into account the “risk vs reward ratio.”How to cite this articleD'Costa ZV, Ahmed J, Ongole R, Shenoy N, Denny C, Binnal A. Impacted Third Molars and Its Propensity to stimulate External Root Resorption in Second Molars: Comparison of Orthopantomogram and Cone Beam Computed Tomography. World J Dent 2017;8(4):281-287.
Dental caries and Dental Anomalies in children with cleft Lip and cleft Palate in Bengaluru city, India
Authors: Gaikwad Rahul , Sarode Sachin C , Kamble Seema , Hiremath Shivalinga S , Biradar Ashwini 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT

Aim
The aim of this study was to assess the association of dental caries and dental anomalies among 5- to 15-year-old children with cleft lip and cleft palate.

Materials and methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 500 children with cleft lip and/or cleft palate and 500 children without cleft of the age group 5 to 15 years. The clinical examination was carried out using decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) by Klein Plamer and Knutson, and dmft by Grubbel and 1997 World Health Organization (WHO) pro forma.

Results
The results showed a statistically significant increase in the prevalence of dental caries in children with cleft lip and/or cleft palate. The mean DMFT was found to be significantly higher in operated children than in the children who were not operated. Other dental abnormalities included an increased frequency of enamel hypoplasia (p < 0.001), hyperdontia (p < 0.014), anterior, unilateral and bilateral cross-bite (p < 0.001), and open bite (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
The results of this study show that children with cleft have higher prevalence of dental anomalies than the normal children. With increased occurrence of hypoplasia in children with cleft, reduced access for cleaning upper anterior teeth after surgical repair leads to poor oral hygiene status, leading to increased risk to dental caries.

Clinical significance
Given the high caries experience among the children with cleft lip and cleft palate, it is necessary to advocate a more rigorous approach to the prevention of dental disease in these high-risk children. They should therefore, be subjected to regular checkups, oral hygiene advice, diet advice, appropriate fluoride supplementation, and, when required, appropriate referral for secondary care.

How to cite this article
Kamble S, Hiremath SS, Puranik MP, Gaikwad R, Biradar A, Gadbail AR, Sarode SC, Sarode GS, Patil S. Dental Caries and Dental Anomalies in Children with Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate in Bengaluru City, India. World J Dent 2017;8(4):304-308.
Modeling and Printing of Successive Misaligned Teeth Stages
Authors: Chaudhary Narendra , Thakur Niharika 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Patients suffering from problems related to teeth crowding and misalignment require braces for realignment and restoring of perfect teeth. This process of realignment is a long-term treatment varying from 6 to 12 months including many stages during which teeth alignments are achieved in small steps. Patients are always eager to view their futuristic teeth alignment condition at the beginning of their treatment. This requires a predictive methodology on the part of the dentist, which is achievable using software tools and finally reproducing these software-designed stages using rapid prototyping.

Materials and methods
Dental molds, 3D Scanner, 3D Printer, and 3D computer-aided design software, such as 3-Matic, Maestro ortho studio, 3D Orchestrate, or 3Shape ortho studio for manipulations.

Results
According to the quantitative analysis, average variation between the preprint and postprint is 0.32. Threedimensional (3D) printed models of these stages are within the units of 0.01 mm; hence, the rapid prototyping method supplements automation of the complete procedure of teeth alignment. Whereas, qualitative analysis of the scans after printing shows little-distorted boundaries due to which clarity has been slightly decreased but, according to the experts, this is clinically acceptable.

Conclusion
In this study, we provide an insight into generating different aligned stages or steps using available 3D software and further 3D printing of these stages using polylactic acid models.

Clinical significance
These models are expected to provide very important and tangible information related to the treatment purpose to both patients and dentists. These 3D models further provide platform for the manufacturing of customized transparent teeth aligners which are specific to the patient, better in esthetics, easy to wear, and is inexpensive than traditional teeth braces.

How to cite this article
Thakur N, Chaudhary N, Juneja M, Jindal P. Modeling and Printing of Successive Misaligned Teeth Stages. World J Dent 2017;8(4):309-314.
A Tailored Approach for Growth Modification: An Innovative Approach
Authors: Kamble Ranjit , Sharma Narendra S , Shrivastav Sunita , Sharma Preethi 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT

Aim
The aim of this study is to evaluate the treatment effects of the clear block appliance during comprehensive correction of class II malocclusion in growing patients.

Introduction
Sagittal discrepancy commonly exists in skeletal class II malocclusions. The popular of the class II malocclusions is division 1 type among them. The presence of original skeletal jaw abnormality is the origin of the class II malocclusions. The treatment result of such skeletal malocclusion depends on the age, latent growth, and cooperation of the individual. The class II division 1 malocclusion in a growing individual can be successfully treated with different types of myofunctional appliance. The present article illustrates a new approach (clear block appliance) to correct sagittal discrepancy to make optimal use of the patient's pubertal growth spurt to achieve best possible results. Based on the results in these patients, the clear block appliance was very effective in correcting class II malocclusions. Although the results are positive, they should be tested on a large sample size.

Clinical significance
Clear block appliance proved to be the best alternative to other myofunctional appliances, where side effects in the form of anchorage loss or proclination of lower incisor do not occur with similar results.

How to cite this article
Sharma N, Shrivastav S, Kamble R, Sharma P. A Tailored Approach for Growth Modification: An Innovative Approach. World J Dent 2017;8(4):334-342.
Surgery-first Approach
Authors: Shah Yash A , Deshmukh Shailesh V , Patil Amol S 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT

Aim
This article is intended to provide an overview of the Surgery First Approach (SFA) mainly including case selection, diagnosis, treatment protocols, success rate and the potential problems encountered.

Background
The most important indication of the need for orthognathic surgery is usually the psychosocial effect resulting from the unaesthetic appearance of a dentofacial deformity. The conventional approach in treatment of such deformities till today has been an orthodontics-first approach.

Review Results
Available evidence suggest that both the SFA and the conventional approach had similar outcomes in dentofacial relationships however the relapse tendency was greater with the SFA but the total treatment duration was substantially shorter.

Conclusion
SFA treats facial aesthetics (and the skeletal malrelation) first and then occlusion, i.e. orthognathic surgery antecedes the orthodontic therapy. The concept of this technique is to utilize orthognathic surgery to eliminate the displeasing pre-surgical facial profile and promptly accomplish facial aesthetic enhancement that is usually the patient's chief complaint at the beginning of the treatment. SFA also facilitates accelerated orthodontic tooth movement thus reducing the length of post-surgical orthodontic therapy.

Clinical Significance
The optimal esthetic and functional results, significant reduction in total treatment time and high patient satisfaction led us to the postulation that SFA may represent a reasonable, cost-effective method to manage skeletal malocclusions in selected cases and that it has the potential to become a standard approach to orthognathic surgery in the future.

How to cite this article
Shah YA, Deshmukh SV, Patil AS. Surgery-first Approach. World J Dent 2017;8(4):343-350.
In situ measurements of cloud microphysics and aerosol over coastal Antarctica during the MAC campaign
Authors: O'Shea Sebastian J. , Choularton Thomas W. , Flynn Michael , Bower Keith N. , Gallagher Martin , Crosier Jonathan , Williams Paul , Crawford Ian , Fleming Zoë L. , Listowski Constantino , Kirchgaessner Amélie , Ladkin Russell S. , Lachlan-Cope Thomas 
Published: November 2017

Abstract. During austral summer 2015, the Microphysics of Antarctic Clouds (MAC) field campaign collected unique and detailed airborne and ground-based in situ measurements of cloud and aerosol properties over coastal Antarctica and the Weddell Sea. This paper presents the first results from the experiment and discusses the key processes important in this region, which is critical to predicting future climate change. The sampling was predominantly of stratus clouds, at temperatures between −20 and 0 °C. These clouds were dominated by supercooled liquid water droplets, which had a median concentration of 113 cm−3 and an interquartile range of 86 cm−3. Both cloud liquid water content and effective radius increased closer to cloud top. The cloud droplet effective radius increased from 4 ± 2 µm near cloud base to 8 ± 3 µm near cloud top. Cloud ice particle concentrations were highly variable with the ice tending to occur in small, isolated patches. Below approximately 1000 m, glaciated cloud regions were more common at higher temperatures; however, the clouds were still predominantly liquid throughout. When ice was present at temperatures higher than −10 °C, secondary ice production most likely through the Hallett–Mossop mechanism led to ice concentrations 1 to 3 orders of magnitude higher than the number predicted by commonly used primary ice nucleation parameterisations. The drivers of the ice crystal variability are investigated. No clear dependence on the droplet size distribution was found. The source of first ice in the clouds remains uncertain but may include contributions from biogenic particles, blowing snow or other surface ice production mechanisms. The concentration of large aerosols (diameters 0.5 to 1.6 µm) decreased with altitude and were depleted in air masses that originated over the Antarctic continent compared to those more heavily influenced by the Southern Ocean and sea ice regions. The dominant aerosol in the region was hygroscopic in nature, with the hygroscopicity parameter κ having a median value for the campaign of 0.66 (interquartile range of 0.38). This is consistent with other remote marine locations that are dominated by sea salt/sulfate.
Global height-resolved methane retrievals from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) on MetOp
Authors: Siddans Richard , Knappett Diane , Kerridge Brian , Waterfall Alison , Hurley Jane , Latter Barry , Boesch Hartmut , Parker Robert 
Published: November 2017

Abstract. This paper describes the global height-resolved methane (CH4) retrieval scheme for the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) on MetOp, developed at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL). The scheme precisely fits measured spectra in the 7.9 micron region to allow information to be retrieved on two independent layers centred in the upper and lower troposphere. It also uses nitrous oxide (N2O) spectral features in the same spectral interval to directly retrieve effective cloud parameters to mitigate errors in retrieved methane due to residual cloud and other geophysical variables. The scheme has been applied to analyse IASI measurements between 2007 and 2015. Results are compared to model fields from the MACC greenhouse gas inversion and independent measurements from satellite (GOSAT), airborne (HIPPO) and ground (TCCON) sensors. The estimated error on methane mixing ratio in the lower- and upper-tropospheric layers ranges from 20 to 100 and from 30 to 40 ppbv, respectively, and error on the derived column-average ranges from 20 to 40 ppbv. Vertical sensitivity extends through the lower troposphere, though it decreases near to the surface. Systematic differences with the other datasets are typically  < 10 ppbv regionally and  < 5 ppbv globally. In the Southern Hemisphere, a bias of around 20 ppbv is found with respect to MACC, which is not explained by vertical sensitivity or found in comparison of IASI to TCCON. Comparisons to HIPPO and MACC support the assertion that two layers can be independently retrieved and provide confirmation that the estimated random errors on the column- and layer-averaged amounts are realistic. The data have been made publically available via the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA) data archive (Siddans, 2016).
Forest impacts on snow accumulation and ablation across an elevation gradient in a temperate montane environment
Authors: Roth Travis R. , Nolin Anne W. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Forest cover modifies snow accumulation and ablation rates via canopy interception and changes in sub-canopy energy balance processes. However, the ways in which snowpacks are affected by forest canopy processes vary depending on climatic, topographic and forest characteristics. Here we present results from a 4-year study of snow–forest interactions in the Oregon Cascades. We continuously monitored snow and meteorological variables at paired forested and open sites at three elevations representing the Low, Mid, and High seasonal snow zones in the study region. On a monthly to bi-weekly basis, we surveyed snow depth and snow water equivalent across 900 m transects connecting the forested and open pairs of sites. Our results show that relative to nearby open areas, the dense, relatively warm forests at Low and Mid sites impede snow accumulation via canopy snow interception and increase sub-canopy snowpack energy inputs via longwave radiation. Compared with the Forest sites, snowpacks are deeper and last longer in the Open site at the Low and Mid sites (4–26 and 11–33 days, respectively). However, we see the opposite relationship at the relatively colder High sites, with the Forest site maintaining snow longer into the spring by 15–29 days relative to the nearby Open site. Canopy interception efficiency (CIE) values at the Low and Mid Forest sites averaged 79 and 76 % of the total event snowfall, whereas CIE was 31 % at the lower density High Forest site. At all elevations, longwave radiation in forested environments appears to be the primary energy component due to the maritime climate and forest presence, accounting for 93, 92, and 47 % of total energy inputs to the snowpack at the Low, Mid, and High Forest sites, respectively. Higher wind speeds in the High Open site significantly increase turbulent energy exchanges and snow sublimation. Lower wind speeds in the High Forest site create preferential snowfall deposition. These results show the importance of understanding the effects of forest cover on sub-canopy snowpack evolution and highlight the need for improved forest cover model representation to accurately predict water resources in maritime forests.
L’experiència del I Curs d’Arquitectura per a futurs arquitectes
Authors: Bardí Milà Berta , García-Escudero Daniel , Marcos Padrós Carlos 
Published: November 2017

L’estiu del 2012 va tenir lloc a l’ETSAV (UPC) la primera edició del "Curs d’arquitectura per a futurs arquitectes". Aquesta iniciativa docent, dintre del programa d’orientació universitària de la UPC, neix amb la voluntat de convertir-se en una eina per ajudar a decidir als alumnes de 4t ESO, Batxillerat o Cicle Formatiu sobre el seu futur universitari. Durant cinc dies, es mostra en què consisteix estudiar arquitectura mitjançant un conjunt d’exercicis pràctics que recullen a grans trets els eixos temàtics fonamentals de la carrera. Així, els alumnes poden acabar de decidir amb més informació si volen o no estudiar aquesta carrera.The summer of 2012 took place in ETSAV (UPC) the first edition of “The course of architecture for future architects”. This teaching initiative, within the university orientation program of UPC, is intended to become a tool to help students of 4th ESO, Bachelor or Cicle Formatiu decide on their academic future. For five days, they can study architecture through a series of exercises that include broadly the fundamental themes of the career. Thus, students may end up with more information to decide if they want or not to study this career.
The Design Studio: a case study in teaching and learning practical knowledge
Authors: Solà-Morales Serra Pau de 
Published: November 2017

¿Qué es el taller de diseño? ¿Cómo funciona? ¿Cuáles son sus fundamentos psicológicos y cognitivos? ¿Está actualizado y adaptado al s.XXI, a sus delirios tecnológicos y a sus cambios pedagógicos? El taller de diseño se puede entender como un constructo que en
parte actualiza y en parte continúa el sistema pedagógico que se creó en la Académie Royale en el siglo XVII, y que ha sobrevivido a través de la École de Beaux-Arts, las Escuelas Politécnicas y la Bauhaus , hasta nuestros días. Este artículo trata de estudiar y reunir la bibliografía existente sobre el design thinking y actualizarla a los conocimientos de nuestros días. Se trata de una
primera aproximación para explorar y exponer las esencias del taller de diseño de hoy en día; para ver si se adapta como sistema pedagógico a nuestros métodos académicos modernos basados en competencias y al EEES; y para evaluar su relevancia en la actualidad en el
aprendizaje de nuestra (y sobre todo de otras) disciplinas, que están buscando desesperadamente formas de capturar y transmitir sus conocimientos prácticos.
What is the design studio? How does it function? What are its psychological and cognitive foundations? Is it updated and adapted to the 21st c., its technological frenzies and its
pedagogical changes? The design studio can be understood as a construct that in part updates, and in part continues, the pedagogical system that was set up at the Académie Royale in the 18th century, and that has survived through the Beaux Arts, the polytechnic and the Bauhaus schools, to our days. This paper seeks to study and pull together the literature on design thinking and update it to current-day knowledge. It is a first approach to explore and expose the essence of the design studio today; to see if it is adapted as a pedagogical system to our modern academic competence-based apprenticeships, and to the EEES; and to evaluate its relevance today in the learning of our and especially of other disciplines, which are desperately looking for ways to capture and convey their practical knowledge.
Escalas y paradigmas instrumentales en el aprendizaje del urbanismo
Authors: Elinbaum Pablo , Vall Casas Pere , Cuellar Álvaro , Benages Marta 
Published: November 2017

La escala se refiere comúnmente a la sucesión de acercamientos modulados para visualizar un mismo objeto, o bien al tamaño en el que se reproduce una imagen. Sin embargo, en urbanismo, la escala no da la medida de las cosas, sino el carácter de los fenómenos. Siendo una cuestión relativa, resulta esencial identificar los temas y los elementos estructurales propios de cada escala y tratarlos simultáneamente. El objetivo de esta comunicación radica en explorar la potencialidad de una metodología para abordar el problema de la escala en el aprendizaje del urbanismo mediante la implementación combinada e iterativa de cuatro paradigmas instrumentales. Con este fin, nos apoyamos en el estudio de caso de los cursos 2012-2013 de la asignatura Urbanística III, realizada en la Escuela de Arquitectura (ESARQ) de la UIC.
Scale usually refers to the sequence of modulated approaches to the same object, or to the size in which an image is reproduced. However, in urbanism, scale does not measure things but the character of phenomena. Thus, it is essential to identify the themes and the structural
elements of each scale and treat them simultaneously. The aim of this paper resides in exploring the potential of a methodology for addressing the problem of scale in urbanism’s learning by the combined and iterative implementation of five instrumental paradigms. For this purpose we conducted a case study for the third course of Urbanism 2012-2013, at the School of Architecture (ESARQ - UIC).