bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Foliar Resistance to a Natural Population of Plasmopara viticola in Some Grapevine Varieties Grown in Türkiye
Authors: Doğu Duygu Mermer , Özer Nuray 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTIt is critical to use a population of the pathogen that contains different strains to determine the resistance of grapevine varieties to the downy mildew pathogen Plasmopara viticola in a specific region. This study tested six local grape varieties (Çavuş, Kalecik Karası, Müşküle, Papaz Karası, Sultana and Yapıncak), eight Turkish registered varieties (Barış, Bozbey, Güzgülü, Özer Karası, Reçel Üzümü, Tekirdağ Çekirdeksizi, Trakya İlkeren and Yalova İncisi) and seven varieties of foreign origin (Cabernet Sauvignon, Cardinal, Chardonnay, Cinsault, Isabella, Semillon and Gamay) using detached leaf and leaf disc assays with pathogen populations collected from vineyards. There was a significant correlation for disease severity between the two assay methods. No sporulation was observed on the varieties Çavuş and Isabella in both assay methods. The variety Yapıncak had very low disease severity (2.00%) in the leaf disc assay, and the pathogen did not sporulate on this variety in the detached leaf assay. Cluster analysis was performed to determine the resistance level of the varieties against the pathogen, as different disease severities were observed in some varieties depending on the test method used, and the 21 varieties were classified into four clusters. Barış, Bozbey, Cardinal, Çavuş, Isabella, Semillon and Yapıncak in Cluster I exhibited the lowest disease severity mean (2.88%), while those in Cluster 3, including Cabernet Sauvignon, Güzgülü, Papaz Karası and Yalova Incisi, had the highest disease severity mean (56.75%). These varieties in Clusters 1 and 3 were considered highly resistant and highly susceptible, respectively. Leaf hair density, as reported in official variety descriptions, did not associate with reduced disease severity in the two assays. This study assessed the response of grapevine varieties to the P. viticola population in the region for the first time. The highly resistant and resistant varieties identified will provide new material for breeders and contribute to the improvement of organic viticulture in the area.
Neural Evidence for Syntactic Unification in Second Language Sentence Comprehension: A Time‐Frequency Analysis
Authors: Song Yoonsang , Li Yu , Wong Patrick C. M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study investigates whether syntactic unification occurs during online L2 sentence comprehension using time‐frequency analysis. We measured the oscillatory power changes in native English speakers and L1‐Cantonese L2‐English speakers while they were reading well‐formed English sentences, syntactically intact nonsense sentences, and random word lists. Additionally, we conducted traditional ERP analyses to test L2 speakers’ sensitivity to NP‐internal number (dis)agreement. The results show that low‐beta power significantly increased in the L2 group when reading not only well‐formed sentences but also nonsense sentences, replicating the pattern found in the L1 group. This suggests that syntactic unification occurs in L2 comprehension as reliably as in L1 comprehension. However, L2 speakers did not show increased positivity for NP‐internal number disagreement, indicating that they have not developed native‐like sensitivity to this syntactic error. The implications of these time‐frequency and ERP data for L2 sentence processing and syntactic development are discussed.
Timed Up‐and‐Go Test and Sit‐to‐Stand Test in Community‐Dwelling Older Person: Inter and Intraobserver Reliability Among Turkish Nurses
Authors: Sancar Behire , Doğan Aysel , Taş Serkan 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundA decrease in dynamic balance and muscle strength related to ageing is associated with a decreased quality of life, reduced life expectancy and increased risk of falls. Timed stand‐up test (TUG) is one of the most used clinical tests for the evaluation of dynamic balance and sit‐to‐stand test (STS). Although these tests are reported to be reliable in pathological conditions in different populations and different countries, there is a gap in the evaluation of the reliability of the tests by nurses in the older persons living in Turkish society.ObjectiveThe present study aimed to investigate the inter‐ and intra‐observer reliability of the timed up‐and‐go test (TUG) and sit‐to‐stand test (STS) performed by nurses in Turkish community‐dwelling older persons.MethodsA total of 97 community‐dwelling older persons participated in this study. To determine the interobserver reliability of the TUG and STS tests, all tests were performed at an interval of 30 min by two nurses. To determine the intra‐observer reliability of the tests, each measurement was repeated 1 week after the first measurement by another nurse.ResultsExcellent intra‐observer reliability was found for the TUG (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.962) and STS tests (ICC = 0.996), with a total range of 0.943–0.997. Excellent interobserver reliability was found for the TUG (ICC = 0.995) and STS (ICC = 0.996) tests. The coefficient of variant values for the tests was < 15%.ConclusionOur results demonstrated that the TUG and STS tests can be reliably used by nurses in community‐dwelling older persons.Implications for PracticeThis study is important in terms of determining the risk of falling among older persons aged 60 and over in Turkey, preventing hospitalisations due to falls and developing nursing policies that promote the safety of older persons individuals.
Comparison of manual titrations to automated microplate and gel titration assays used in the screening of blood donors for production of Low‐Titer O Whole Blood
Authors: Orr Michael D. , Casleton Brian G. , Garcia Olivia R. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe popularity of Low‐Titer O Whole Blood (LTOWB) for treating trauma patients requires that donor centers and transfusion services make decisions on what titer testing capabilities to institute and an appropriate titer level threshold. This study compared the titer results determined by four methods to find a rate of agreement.Study Design and MethodsIsohemagglutinin titers were tested on 300 plasma samples utilizing various methods, each determining IgM antibody levels by direct hemagglutination with A1 and B reference cells. The methods used were the Beckman Coulter's PK7300, Immucor's NEO Iris microplate technology, Ortho Clinical Diagnostics (OCD) Vision, and manual titrations.ResultsOnly 42.7% of the samples tested showed agreement across all methods on ABO isohemaglutinin titer levels and only 32.5% demonstrated “High titer” agreement. Sample agreement was close to 90% if the Immucor method was excluded. At a <1:256 titer level threshold, the pass rate was 94.3% for Immucor, 89.7% for the PK7300, 87.3% for manual testing, and 75.7% for OCD's gel method. Sensitivity and specificity rates at a ± 1 titer level were respectively 100% and 95.4% for OCD's gel, 73.7% and 100% for Immucor, and 100% and 99.6% for the PK7300. Overall method accuracy was 91.7% for Immucor, 90.3% for the PK7300, and 86.7% for OCD's gel method as compared to manual titration.ConclusionAll three automated methods perform comparably to the manual method at a ± 1 titer tolerance level. Based on these comparisons, a titer level of <1:256 would maximize LTOWB production regardless of the method used.
Autoantibodies to ADAMTS13 in human immunodeficiency virus‐associated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Meiring Muriel , Khemisi Mmakgabu , Louw Susan , Krishnan Palanisamy 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a potentially fatal thrombotic microangiopathic disorder that can result from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The pathogenesis involves a deficiency of the von Willebrand factor (vWF) cleaving protease ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin motifs member 13) and the presence of anti‐ADAMTS13 autoantibodies. However, there is insufficient information regarding the epitope specificity and reactivity of these autoantibodies. This study aimed to perform epitope‐mapping analysis to provide novel insights into the specific epitopes on ADAMTS13 domains affected by autoantibodies.Materials and MethodsThe study analysed 59 frozen citrate plasma samples from HIV‐associated TTP patients in South Africa, measuring ADAMTS13 activity using Technozyme® ADAMTS13 activity test, total immunoglobulin (Ig) M and IgA antibodies levels using ELISA kit and purifying IgG antibodies using NAb™ Protein G spin columns. A synthetic ADAMTS13 peptide library was used for epitope mapping.ResultsOverall, 90% of samples showed anti‐ADAMTS13 IgG autoantibodies, with 64% of these antibodies being inhibitory, as revealed by mixing studies. Samples with ADAMTS13 antigen levels below 5% showed high anti‐ADAMTS13 IgG autoantibody titres (≥50 IU/mL), whereas those with 5%–10% levels had low autoantibody titres (<50 IU/mL).The metalloprotease, cysteine‐rich and spacer domains were 100% involved in binding anti‐ADAMTS13 IgG antibodies, with 58% of samples containing antibodies binding to the C‐terminal part of the ADAMTS13 disintegrin‐like domain, indicating different pathogenic mechanisms.ConclusionThe metalloprotease, cysteine‐rich and spacer domains are the primary targets for anti‐ADAMTS13 IgG autoantibodies in patients with HIV‐associated TTP. These findings suggest potential effects on the proteolytic activity of ADAMTS13, highlighting the complex nature of the pathogenic mechanisms involved.
Neuroimmune modulation for targeting organ damage in hypertension and atherosclerosis
Authors: Perrotta Marialuisa , Carnevale Daniela 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe brain is essential for processing and integrating sensory signals coming from peripheral tissues. Conversely, the autonomic nervous system regulated by brain centres modulates the immune responses involved in the genesis and progression of cardiovascular diseases. Understanding the pathophysiological bases of this relationship established between the brain and immune system is relevant for advancing therapies. An additional mechanism involved in the regulation of cardiovascular function is provided by the brain‐mediated control of the renin–angiotensin system. In both cases, the communication is typically bidirectional and established by afferent and sensory signals collected at the level of peripheral tissues, efferent circuits, as well as of hormones. Understanding how the brain mediates the bidirectional communication and how the immune system participates in this process is object of intense investigation. This review examines key findings that support a role for these interactions in the pathogenesis of major vascular diseases that are characterized by a consistent alteration of the immune response, such as hypertension and atherosclerosis. In addition, we provide a critical appraisal of the translational implications that these discoveries have in the clinical setting where an effective management of neuroimmune and/or neuroinflammatory state might be beneficial.
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On a Generalized Class of Nonsingular Kernel Operators and Their Singular Kernel Extensions: Useful Modeling Insights
Authors: Odibat Zaid , Baleanu Dumitru 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Some possible definitions of fractional derivative operators with nonsingular analytic kernels have been introduced. In this paper, we propose a new generalized class of fractional derivative operators of Caputo-type with nonsingular analytic kernels which includes some known operators as special cases. We demonstrate a relationship between the fractional derivative operators of the proposed generalized class and the Riemann–Liouville (RL) fractional integral operator. We also, using this relationship, introduce the corresponding fractional integral operators. Then, mainly, we provide extensions to the fractional derivative operators of the proposed generalized class that display integrable singular kernels. The extended fractional derivative operators provide useful insights regarding the modeling issue so that the initialization problem can be overcome. Finally, we discuss some basic properties of the proposed operators that are expected to be widely used in fractional calculus.
Cylindrical Composite Structural Design for Underwater Compressed Air Energy Storage
Authors: Wang Tianqi , An Chen , Mao Yixuan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The utilization of renewable energy sources is pivotal for future energy sustainability. However, the effective utilization of this energy in marine environments necessitates the implementation of energy storage systems to compensate for energy losses induced by intermittent power usage. Underwater compressed air energy storage (UWCAES) is a cost-effective and emission-free method for storing energy underwater. This technology has proven to be effective and viable, and it offers significant benefits in terms of energy efficiency and sustainability. In this paper, a cylindrical composite structure UWCAES tank is designed. At first, the materials and shapes of the different forms of air containers were evaluated, and the relationship between container diameter, length, and number of air containers was analyzed on the basis of the range of energy storage densities for different kinds of systems. Subsequently, the materials to be applied in the tanks were investigated and selected according to the actual working conditions of the system. Eventually, finite element models (FEMs) and prediction formula were developed, and the influence of changes in the thicknesses of the steel reinforcement was discussed. The results demonstrated that the storage tank possesses adequate environmental resistance and load-bearing capacity, which can provide a reference for its practical engineering implementation.
RNA:DNA triplexes: a mechanism for epigenetic communication between hosts and microbes?
Authors: Bierhoff Holger , Barber Amelia E. , Blango Matthew G. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Molecular communication between host and microbe is mediated by the transfer of many different classes of macromolecules. Recently, the trafficking of RNA molecules between organisms has gained prominence as an efficient way to manipulate gene expression via RNA interference (RNAi). Here, we posit a new epigenetic control mechanism based on triple helix (triplex) structures comprising nucleic acids from both host and microbe. Indeed, RNA:DNA triplexes are known to regulate gene expression in humans, but it is unknown whether interkingdom triplexes are formed either to manipulate host processes during pathogenesis or as a host defense response. We hypothesize that a fraction of the extracellular RNAs commonly released by microbes (e.g., bacteria, fungi, and protists) and their hosts form triplexes with the genome of the other species, thereby impacting chromatin conformation and gene expression. We invite the field to consider interkingdom triplexes as unexplored weaponry in the arms race between host and microbe.
Draft genome sequences of clinical
Mycobacterium canettii
strains in Canada
Authors: Islam Md Rashedul , Adam Heather , Akochy Pierre-Marie , Sharma Meenu , McGurran Alisa , Soualhine Hafid 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Mycobacterium canettii
is a rare pathogen causing tuberculosis in humans and presents a risk to public health. Here, we report the genome sequences of two
M. canettii
strains. The genomes will assist in creating sequence-based tools for
M. canettii
and serve as references for identification, surveillance, and epidemiological investigations.
Impact of microorganism virulence on endophthalmitis outcomes
Authors: Yap Aaron , Kaur Dilpreet , Muttaiyah Sharmini , Welch Sarah , Lightman Sue , Tomkins-Netzer Oren , Niederer Rachael L 
Published: September 2024

AimsTo determine the impact of microorganism virulence on visual outcomes in endophthalmitis.MethodsRetrospective, multicentre cohort study of patients presenting with endophthalmitis between 2006 and 2021. A literature review was conducted to divide cultured microorganisms into low and high virulence subcategories.Results610 eyes with endophthalmitis were recruited from New Zealand, the UK and Israel. The median age was 69.4 years. The median visual acuity was hand movements at presentation and 20/120 at the final follow-up. Severe visual loss (≤20/200) occurred in 237 eyes (38.9%) at the final follow-up. The culture-positive rate was 48.5% (296 eyes). Highly virulent microorganisms were associated with a 4.48 OR of severe visual loss at the final follow-up (p<0.001) and a 1.90 OR of developing retinal detachment or requiring enucleation or evisceration during the follow-up period (p=0.028). Oral flora were observed in 76 eyes (25.7%), and highly virulent microorganisms were observed in 68 eyes (22.9%). Highly virulent microorganisms were more likely to be found after glaucoma surgery (15 eyes, 34.9%) and vitrectomy (five eyes, 35.7%) compared with intravitreal injections (two eyes, 2.9%) and cataract surgery (22 eyes, 24.2%). On multivariate analysis, the following were associated with poorer visual outcomes: poor presenting vision (p<0.001), glaucoma surgery (p=0.050), trauma (p<0.001), oral microorganism (p=0.001) and highly virulent microorganism (p<0.001).ConclusionThis is the first classification of microorganisms into high and low virulence subcategories that demonstrate highly virulent microorganisms were associated with poor visual outcomes and increased likelihood of retinal detachment and enucleation.
Benzodiazepine receipt in adults with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures in the USA
Authors: Xu Kevin Young , Nascimento Fábio A , Lin Binx Yezhe , Park Tae Woo , Maust Donovan T , Samples Hillary , Bushnell Greta A 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundCharacterising benzodiazepine (BZD) prescribing to individuals with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) is important for optimising PNES outcomes, but existing data is lacking.MethodsUsing a nationwide administrative claims database (2016–2022), incident PNES was defined as an International classification of diseases, tenth revision, clinical modification (ICD-10-CM) diagnosis in an inpatient or outpatient healthcare encounter after a 1-year period with no documented diagnosis. We described clinical characteristics of adults with incident PNES and estimated the prevalence of outpatient BZD treatment in the baseline year and 30-day follow-up period, with secondary analyses stratifying by baseline ES, anxiety and/or insomnia diagnoses, representing common indications for BZD receipt. We used logistic regression to evaluate predictors of post-PNES BZD receipt.ResultsAmong 20 848 adults with incident PNES diagnosis, 33.1% and 15.1% received BZDs in the year and month prior to PNES diagnosis, respectively, and 18.1% received BZDs in the month following a PNES diagnosis; 5.4% of those without prior BZD prescriptions received BZDs after diagnosis. The median days’ supply was 30 days, with clonazepam, alprazolam and lorazepam representing the most common BZDs prescribed after PNES. Most people who received BZDs in the month prior to PNES diagnosis remained on BZDs in the month after PNES diagnosis (62.9%), with similar findings in the subcohorts without ES, anxiety and/or insomnia. Baseline BZD receipt and anxiety disorders, but not baseline ES diagnoses, were strong independent predictors of post-PNES BZD receipt.ConclusionsWhile new BZD initiation is rare after PNES, most individuals with BZD scripts 1 month before PNES continue scripts after diagnosis.
Personalised penetrance estimation forC9orf72-related amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia
Authors: Douglas Andrew G L , Thompson Alexander G , Turner Martin R , Talbot Kevin 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundC9orf72hexanucleotide repeat expansions are the most common genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) in European populations. Variable disease penetrance between families presents a challenge for genetic counselling of at-risk relatives and reduces the predictive utility of testing asymptomatic relatives. We have developed a novel model for estimating penetrance in individual families affected byC9orf72using available family history information, allowing the calculation of personalised risk estimates.MethodsPublished aggregated age-of-onset data forC9orf72-related ALS/FTD were used to generate age-related cumulative relative risks for at-risk relatives within pedigrees. Age-related relative risks are combined with a priori chance of individuals carrying an expansion based on known pedigree information. Penetrance is calculated as a number of affected individuals divided by the sum of cumulative age-related risks of relatives being affected by 80 years.ResultsThis method allows family-specific penetrance to be estimated from family history and at-risk relatives’ personalised age-related ALS/FTD risks to be calculated and illustrated graphically. Penetrance reduces as the number and age of at-risk unaffected relatives increases.ConclusionsFamily history remains the best indicator of penetrance inC9orf72expansion carriers. Calculating family-specific penetrance can aid genetic counselling by allowing at-risk relatives a more accurate understanding of their individual risk.