bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extracellular vesicles in cardiovascular calcification: expanding current paradigms
Authors: Krohn Jona B. , Hutcheson Joshua D. , Martínez‐Martínez Eduardo , Aikawa Elena 
Published: January 2016

AbstractVascular calcification is a major contributor to the progression of cardiovascular disease, one of the leading causes of death in industrialized countries. New evidence on the mechanisms of mineralization identified calcification‐competent extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from smooth muscle cells, valvular interstitial cells and macrophages as the mediators of calcification in diseased heart valves and atherosclerotic plaques. However, the regulation of EV release and the mechanisms of interaction between EVs and the extracellular matrix leading to the formation of destabilizing microcalcifications remain unclear. This review focuses on current limits in our understanding of EVs in cardiovascular disease and opens up new perspectives on calcific EV biogenesis, release and functions within and beyond vascular calcification. We propose that, unlike bone‐derived matrix vesicles, a large population of EVs implicated in cardiovascular calcification are of exosomal origin. Moreover, the milieu‐dependent loading of EVs with microRNA and calcification inhibitors fetuin‐A and matrix Gla protein suggests a novel role for EVs in intercellular communication, adding a new mechanism to the pathogenesis of vascular mineralization. Similarly, the cell type‐dependent enrichment of annexins 2, 5 or 6 in calcifying EVs posits one of several emerging factors implicated in the regulation of EV release and calcifying potential. This review aims to emphasize the role of EVs as essential mediators of calcification, a major determinant of cardiovascular mortality. Based on recent findings, we pinpoint potential targets for novel therapies to slow down the progression and promote the stability of atherosclerotic plaques.
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Complete Genome Sequence of Pseudomonas brassicacearum LBUM300, a Disease-Suppressive Bacterium with Antagonistic Activity toward Fungal, Oomycete, and Bacterial Plant Pathogens
Authors: Novinscak Amy , Gadkar Vijay J. , Joly David L. , Filion Martin 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT

Pseudomonas brassicacearum
LBUM300, a plant rhizosphere-inhabiting bacterium, produces 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol and hydrogen cyanide and has shown antagonistic activity against the plant pathogens
Verticillium dahliae
,
Phytophthora cactorum
, and
Clavibacter michiganensis
subsp.
michiganensis
. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of
P. brassicacearum
LBUM300.
Relating lepton mixing angles with lepton mass hierarchy
Authors: Borah Debasish 
Published: February 2016

We revisit the possibility of relating lepton mixing angles with lepton mass hierarchies in a model-independent way. Guided by the existence of such relations in the quark sector, we first consider all the mixing angles, both in charged lepton and neutrino sectors to be related to the respective mass ratios. This allows us to calculate the leptonic mixing angles observed in neutrino oscillations as functions of the lightest neutrino mass. We show that for both normal and inverted hierarchical neutrino masses, this scenario does not give rise to correct leptonic mixing angles. We then show that correct leptonic mixing angles can be generated with normal hierarchical neutrino masses if the relation between mixing angle and mass ratio is restricted to 1–2 and 1–3 mixing in both charged lepton and neutrino sectors leaving the 2–3 mixing angles as free parameters. We then restrict the lightest neutrino mass as well as the difference between 2–3 mixing angles in charged lepton and neutrino sectors from the requirement of producing correct leptonic mixing angles. We constrain the lightest neutrino mass to be around 0.002 eV and leptonic Dirac CP phase [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text]. We also construct the leptonic mass matrices in terms of 2–3 mixing angles and lightest neutrino mass and briefly comment on the possibility of realizing texture zeros in the neutrino mass matrix.
Polarization and sizes variation immune optical absorbers
Authors: Zhang Li , Fu Yongqi , Yu Weixing 
Published: February 2016

In this paper, a novel optical absorber that is flexible in size for fabrication and unique properties is studied numerically by aid of finite difference in time domain (FDTD) algorithm. The structure consists of three layers based on the metal–dielectric–metal design scheme. The middle layer is a dielectric in which the electronic and magnetic resonance energy dissipates. The bottom side is a metallic plane and the top layer is a hexagonal prism array. We also investigate the influence of the structure parameters on the absorbance and the absorption wavelength. The results show that a perfect absorber can be designed, and the number of the absorption peaks varies from two to three for the different radius of circumcircle of the hexagonal prism ranging from 280 nm to 400 nm. Meanwhile, position of the first absorption peak is nearly unchanged. This unique feature may be a significant advantage and possesses great potential applications such as biosensing and photovoltaic. Additionally, position and amplitude of the first absorption peak is constant for broad incident angles. The absorption is insensitive to the polarization of the incident beam due to the highly symmetric structure.
Refractive index sensing performance analysis of photonic crystal containing graphene based on optical Tamm state
Authors: Chen Ying , Dong Jing , Liu Teng , Zhu Qiguang , Chen Weidong 
Published: February 2016

A photonic crystal’s refractive index sensor is proposed based on the photonic crystal (PC) optical properties and the surface wave resonance principle. The optical Tamm state existing at the interface between one-dimensional (1D) PCs and the metal layer can overcome the disadvantage of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor in which the incident light can only be TM polarized light. The resonant wavelength can be changed by adjusting the optical parameters of the PC. Through coating the metal surface with graphene, the resolution and sensitivity of the sensor can be improved obviously. The relationship model between the graphene parameters and the reflectivity is established by analyzing the reflective properties of the graphene. In the numerical simulation, the graphene layer is optimized to improve the refractive index sensing properties. The numerical simulation results show that the quality factor ([Formula: see text] value) can attain to 1418.2 and the sensitivity is about 1178.6 nm RIU[Formula: see text], which can demonstrate the effectiveness of the senor structure and provide some theoretical references for the design of the refractive index sensors with high [Formula: see text] value and sensitivity.
Skin-depth lattice strain, core-level trap depression and valence charge polarization of Al surfaces
Authors: Wang Yan , Bo Maolin , Liu Yonghui , Guo Yongling , Wang Haibin , Yue Jian , Huang Yongli 
Published: February 2016

Clarifying the origin for surface core-level shift (SCLS) and gaining quantitative information regarding the coordination-resolved local strain, binding energy (BE) shift and cohesive energy change have been a challenge. Here, we show that a combination of the bond order–length–strength (BOLS) premise, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and the ab initio density functional theory (DFT) calculations of aluminum (Al) [Formula: see text] energy shift of Al surfaces has enabled us to derive such information, namely, (i) the [Formula: see text] energy of an isolated Al atom [Formula: see text] and its bulk shift (0.499 eV); (ii) the skin lattice contracts by up to 12.5% and the BE density increases by 70%; and (iii) the cohesive energy drops up to 38%. It is affirmed that the shorter and stronger bonds between under-coordinated atoms provide a perturbation to the Hamiltonian and hence lead to the local strain, quantum entrapment and valence charge polarization. Findings should help in understanding the phenomena of surface pre-melting and skin-high elasticity, in general.
Effects of neutron flux on the nano silica particles: ESR study
Authors: Huseynov Elchin , Garibov Adil , Mehdiyeva Ravan , Huseynova Efsane 
Published: February 2016

In this paper, we have comparatively studied the “electron spin resonance” (ESR) of SiO2 nanoparticles before and after neutron irradiation. From the comparative analysis of samples at the full sweep (sweep 5000 G at center field of 3300 G) in the same system, amount of defects were found to increase. At the field line around 3350 G, we found the free electron [Formula: see text] species [Formula: see text] and determined that this situation is more sustainable than the other observed cases (the cases existing in values 2.5–3 and 3–5 of [Formula: see text]-factor). Moreover, expanded section near [Formula: see text] repeated with a sweep of 100 G and at two power due to microwave saturation effects has been studied.
Low energy greybody factors for fermions emitted by a Schwarzschild-de Sitter black hole
Authors: Sporea Ciprian A. , Borowiec Andrzej 
Published: February 2016

In this paper, we are discussing the problem of low energy greybody factors for fermions emitted by a Schwarzschild-de Sitter (SdS) black hole. In our study, we are using the analytical methods proposed by Unruh some time ago for determining the greybody factors. We have found that at low energies the greybody factors are constant for a given total angular momentum (similar to what happens in the case of scalar particles reported before in the literature). Also, our results are indicating an enhancement in the energy spectrum if one is increasing the value of the cosmological constant. These results are consistent with numerical calculations performed by S. F. Wu et al., Phys. Rev. D 78 (1998) 084010.
Combining User Reputation and Provenance Analysis for Trust Assessment
Authors: Ceolin Davide , Groth Paul , Maccatrozzo Valentina , Fokkink Wan , Hage Willem Robert Van , Nottamkandath Archana 
Published: February 2016

Trust is a broad concept that in many systems is often reduced to user reputation alone. However, user reputation is just one way to determine trust. The estimation of trust can be tackled from other perspectives as well, including by looking at provenance.
Here, we present a complete pipeline for estimating the trustworthiness of artifacts given their provenance and a set of sample evaluations. The pipeline is composed of a series of algorithms for (1) extracting relevant provenance features, (2) generating stereotypes of user behavior from provenance features, (3) estimating the reputation of both stereotypes and users, (4) using a combination of user and stereotype reputations to estimate the trustworthiness of artifacts, and (5) selecting sets of artifacts to trust. These algorithms rely on the W3C PROV recommendations for provenance and on evidential reasoning by means of subjective logic.

We evaluate the pipeline over two tagging datasets: tags and evaluations from the Netherlands Institute for Sound and Vision’s
Waisda?
video tagging platform, as well as crowdsourced annotations from the
Steve.Museum
project. The approach achieves up to 85% precision when predicting tag trustworthiness. Perhaps more importantly, the pipeline provides satisfactory results using relatively little evidence through the use of provenance.
Eosinophilic Fasciitis and Acute Encephalopathy Toxicity from Pembrolizumab Treatment of a Patient with Metastatic Melanoma
Authors: Khoja Leila , Maurice Catherine , Chappell MaryAnne , MacMillan Leslie , Al-Habeeb Ayman S. , Al-Faraidy Nada , Butler Marcus O. , Rogalla Patrik , Mason Warren , Joshua Anthony M. , Hogg David 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Anti–PD-1 inhibitors have significant activity in metastatic melanoma. Responses often occur early and may be sustained. The optimal duration of treatment with these agents is unknown. Here, we report the case of a 51-year-old woman treated with pembrolizumab, as part of the Keynote-001 trial, as first-line treatment for metastatic disease. She experienced a complete response after 13.8 months of treatment with no adverse events. One month after the last drug infusion and 18 months from starting treatment, the patient presented with eosinophilic fasciitis. She then developed acute confusion and weakness, thought to be due to intracranial vasculitis. High-dose steroids were initiated with resolution of the fasciitis. Aspirin was commenced for presumed vasculitis with resolution of the neurologic symptoms. To our knowledge, there are no previous reports of eosinophilic fasciitis or cerebral vasculitis due to anti–PD-1 agents. This case demonstrates that toxicity may occur in association with pembrolizumab treatment after a prolonged period of treatment without toxicity. Future trials should explore the optimal duration of treatment with pembrolizumab. Cancer Immunol Res; 4(3); 175–8. ©2016 AACR.
A antiguidade tardia, a queda do Império romano e o debate sobre o "fim do mundo antigo"
Authors: Machado Carlos Augusto Ribeiro 
Published: January 2016

<p>A Antiguidade tardia está hoje consolidada seja como campo de estudos ou como um período histórico. No entanto, desde sua concepção até a sua “explosão”, para usarmos uma expressão de Andrea Giardina, esta periodização colocou questões historiográficas de imensa importância que permanecem pouco exploradas. Ao chamar a atenção de estudiosos e leitores em geral para as continuidades entre o mundo antigo e o período que o seguiu, a Antiguidade tardia deixa de lado importantes questões que eram fundamentais para uma historiografia mais tradicional e que continuam relevantes como o problema da assim chamada queda do Império romano. Neste artigo, pretendemos discutir estas questões, levando em considerações os importantes desenvolvimentos observados nas últimas décadas.</p><div> </div>
Um orientalista alemão no Brasil Imperial. Christian Friedrich Seybold, o tutor de D. Pedro II
Authors: Mafra Adriano , Stallaert Christiane 
Published: January 2016

<p>Este artigo visa discutir a relação entre o segundo imperador do Brasil, Pedro d’Alcântara, e seu último mestre de línguas semíticas e orientais, o alemão Christian Friedrich Seybold (1859-1921). Uma leitura preliminar dos diários do monarca nos chamou a atenção para a enorme quantidade de menções e referências àquele orientalista alemão, o que revela, de certa forma, a importância que o professor ocupava na vida de d. Pedro II. No entanto, ao passo que Seybold está presente em numerosas páginas dos diários, nos causa certa estranheza que tal fato tenha merecido pouca ou nenhuma consideração por parte dos biógrafos do imperador, já que o contato frequente entre eles durante cinco anos se resume a algumas poucas linhas e alusões esparsas. Partindo de uma releitura crítica do material disponível na historiografia brasileira sobre Seybold, pretendemos aportar novos dados para o estudo bio-bibliográfico daquele que foi uma figura atuante na vida intelectual de d. Pedro II, presente até os últimos dias de vida do soberano.</p><div> </div>
A impressão régia do Rio de Janeiro e a criação do Novo Império português na América
Authors: Barra Sérgio Hamilton da Silva 
Published: January 2016

<p>O presente artigo busca analisar o papel político exercido pela Impressão Régia do Rio de Janeiro no contexto da instalação da Corte portuguesa na América. Herdeira das tipografias criadas no Reino no final do século XVIII, no <em>âmbito</em> do projeto reformista ilustrado português, a Impressão Régia do Rio de Janeiro preservava a função pragmática de impressão e divulgação dos saberes úteis ao desenvolvimento do Império, que caracterizava tipografias como a do Arco do Cego, criada em 1799. Baseada em um modelo ilustrado de conhecer para intervir na realidade, fazia da difusão das Luzes no Império português uma função não apenas cultural, mas também política. Frente às tensões políticas que a nova situação criada pela mudança da sede do Império gerava, a Impressão Régia desempenhou o importante papel de legitimação e sustentação do projeto político de criação de um novo Império português na América, longamente acalentado por letrados e estadistas ilustrados portugueses. Busca-se, dessa forma, chamar a atenção para a relação intrínseca entre saber e poder no reformismo ilustrado português.</p><div> </div>
Analysis of a Progressive Derecho Climatology and Associated Formation Environments
Authors: Guastini Corey T. , Bosart Lance F. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA 1996–2013 May–August U.S. progressive derecho climatology existing entirely within the modern radar era is constructed identifying 256 derecho events over the 18-yr span. A corridor of enhanced derecho activity in agreement with previous derecho studies stretches from southern Minnesota to the border of Ohio and West Virginia with a marked decrease east of the Appalachian Mountains. A secondary maximum in progressive derecho activity exists in Kansas and Oklahoma. Analyses of derecho frequency by month of the warm season indicate a northward shift in frequency through July and an increase in derecho frequency through the first half of the warm season followed by a large decrease in August.The 256 identified derecho events are divided subjectively into seven distinct categories based on the synoptic environments in which they form. While the prevailing “northwest flow” conceptual model is upheld as the dominant progressive derecho synoptic category, the common occurrence of warm-season progressive derechos ahead of well-defined upper-level troughs is presented. This connection between upper-level troughs and progressive derecho formation expands on the relationship between upper-level troughs and serial derecho formation that has been the focus of past studies. In addition, a link between progressive derecho formation and easterly low-level flow to the north of a Rocky Mountain lee cyclone is bolstered. Consistent with previous derecho studies, all composite categories are characterized by large low-level moisture and the presence of an upper-level jet at derecho initiation.
Nurses’ role and care practices in decision-making regarding artificial ventilation in late stage pulmonary disease
Authors: Jerpseth Heidi , Dahl Vegard , Nortvedt Per , Halvorsen Kristin 
Published: January 2016

Background: Decisions regarding whether or not to institute mechanical ventilation during the later stages of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is challenging both ethically, emotionally and medically. Caring for these patients is a multifaceted process where nurses play a crucial role. Research question and design: We have investigated how nurses experienced their own role in decision-making processes regarding mechanical ventilation in later stages of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and how they consider the patients’ role in these processes. We applied a qualitative approach, with six focus-group interviews of nurses (n = 26). Ethical considerations: The Regional Committees for Medical and Health Research Ethics approved the study. Voluntary informed consent was obtained. Findings: The nurses found themselves operating within a cure-directed treatment culture wherein they were unable to stand up for the caring values. They perceived their roles and responsibilities in decision-making processes regarding mechanical ventilation to patients as unclear and unsatisfactory. They also experienced inadequate interdisciplinary cooperation. Discussion: Lack of communication skills, the traditional hierarchical hospital culture together with operating in a medical-orientated treatment culture where caring values is rated as less important might explain the nurses’ absence in participation in the decision about mechanical ventilation. Conclusion: To be able to advocate for the patients’ and their own right to be included in decision-making processes, nurses need an awareness of their own responsibilities. This requires personal courage, leadership who are capable of organising common interpersonal meetings and willingness on the part of the physicians to include and value the nurses’ participation in decision-making processes.
Impact of Work Conditions and Minority Patient Populations on Quality and Errors
Authors: Varkey Anita B. , Manwell Linda Baier , Brown Roger L. , Montague Enid , Laiteerapong Neda , Burgess Diana , Ibrahim Said 
Published: January 2016

Objectives: To determine whether workplace conditions affect care quality and errors, especially in primary care clinics serving minority patients. Methods: We conducted a 3-year assessment of work conditions and patient outcomes in 73 primary care clinics in the upper Midwest and New York City. Study participants included 287 physicians and 1204 patients with hypertension and/or diabetes. Chart audit data were contrasted between clinics with ≥30% minority patients (minority-serving clinics, or MSCs) and those with <30% (nonminority-serving clinics, or NMSCs). Physicians reported on time pressure, work control, clinical resources, and specialty referral access; managers described room availability; and chart audits determined care errors and quality. Two-level hierarchical models tested work conditions as mediators between MSC status and clinical outcomes. Results: Error rates were higher in MSCs than NMSCs (29.6% vs 24.8%, P < .05). Lack of clinical resources explained 41% of the effect of MSC status on errors ( P < .05). Diabetes control was poorer in MSCs than in NMSCs (53.8% controlled vs 76.1%, P < .05); lack of clinical resources explained 24% of this difference ( P < .05). Room availability increased quality in both MSCs and NMSCs by 5.95% for each additional room per clinician per session. Lack of access to rooms and specialists decreased the likelihood of blood pressure control in MSCs. Conclusion: Work conditions such as clinical resources, examination room availability, and access to referrals are significantly associated with errors and quality, especially in MSCs.
GPR56 identifies primary human acute myeloid leukemia cells with high repopulating potential in vivo
Authors: Pabst Caroline , Bergeron Anne , Lavallée Vincent-Philippe , Yeh Jonathan , Gendron Patrick , Norddahl Gudmundur L. , Krosl Jana , Boivin Isabel , Deneault Eric , Simard Jessica , Imren Suzan , Boucher Geneviève , Eppert Kolja , Herold Tobias , Bohlander Stefan K. , Humphries Keith , Lemieux Sébastien , Hébert Josée , Sauvageau Guy , Barabé Frédéric 
Published: February 2016

Key Points
GPR56 is a novel LSC marker for the majority of AML samples. GPR56 expression levels correlate with genetic risk groups and clinical outcome in AML.
Janus kinase inhibition lessens inflammation and ameliorates disease in murine models of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Das Rupali , Guan Peng , Sprague Leslee , Verbist Katherine , Tedrick Paige , An Qi Angel , Cheng Cheng , Kurachi Makoto , Levine Ross , Wherry E. John , Canna Scott W. , Behrens Edward M. , Nichols Kim E. 
Published: January 2016

Key Points
Ruxolitinib treatment lessens immunopathology and prolongs survival in murine models of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. In vivo exposure to ruxolitinib limits CD8+ T-cell expansion and proinflammatory cytokine production.