bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of daylight versus darkness on driver sleepiness: a driving simulator study
Authors: Ahlström Christer , Anund Anna , Fors Carina , Åkerstedt Torbjörn 
Published: November 2017

SummaryDriver sleepiness studies are often carried out with alert drivers during daytime and sleep‐deprived drivers during night‐time. This design results in a mixture of different factors (e.g. circadian effects, homeostatic effects, light conditions) that may confound the results. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of light conditions on driver sleepiness. Thirty young male drivers (23.6 ± 1.7 years old) participated in a driving simulator experiment where they drove on a rural road. A 2 × 2 design was used with the conditions daylight versus darkness, and daytime (full sleep) versus night‐time (sleep deprived). The results show that light condition had an independent effect on the sleepiness variables. The subjective sleepiness measured by Karolinska Sleepiness Scale was higher, lateral position more left‐oriented, speed lower, electroencephalogram alpha and theta higher, and blink durations were longer during darkness. The number of line crossings did not change significantly with light condition. The day/night condition had profound effects on most sleepiness indicators while controlling for light condition. The number of line crossings was higher during night driving, Karolinska Sleepiness Scale was higher, blink durations were longer and speed was lower. There were no significant interactions, indicating that light conditions have an additive effect on sleepiness. In conclusion, Karolinska Sleepiness Scale and blink durations increase primarily with sleep deprivation, but also as an effect of darkness. Line crossings are mainly driven by the need for sleep and the reduced alertness at the circadian nadir. Lane position is, however, more determined by light conditions than by sleepiness.
The notion of character friendship and the cultivation of virtue
Authors: Hoyos‐Valdés Diana 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMost theories about virtue cultivation fall under the general umbrella of the role model approach, according to which virtue is acquired by emulating role models, and where those role models are usually conceived of as superior in some relevant respect to the learners. I argue that although we need role models to cultivate virtue, we also need good and close relationships with people who are not our superiors. The overemphasis on role models is misguided and misleading, and a good antidote draws on the Aristotelian concept of character friendship. Character friendship (a) constitutes a unique form of experience in which we share a substantial way of seeing with a close other; (b) facilitates a unique form of knowledge, the knowledge of a particular person (my‐self and the other's self); (c) develops other emotions important for virtue cultivation besides admiration, such as love, shame, trust, and hope; and (d) is a praxis in which cooperative interactions and discussions function as a bridge between habituation of virtue at home and the public life. Character friendship provides necessary elements for human cultivation of virtue that the sole experience of having a role model does not.
The association between steatosis and diabetes with hepatocellular carcinoma in non‐genotype 3 chronic hepatitis C patients
Authors: Yen Yi‐Hao , Lin Ming‐Tsung , Kuo Fang‐Ying , Chang Kuo‐Chin , Tsai Ming‐Chao , Tseng Po‐Lin , Wu Cheng‐Kun , Lin Jung‐Ting , Hu Tsung‐Hui , Lu Sheng‐Nan , Wang Jing‐Houng , Hung Chao‐Hung , Chen Chien‐Hung 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackground & AimsDiabetes mellitus (DM) has been found to be strongly associated with an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) among chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients. Several studies have also found an association between metabolic steatosis and the risk of HCC in CHC patients, whether this latter association has been accounted for by the known relationship between DM and HCC is still unknown.MethodsA cohort consisting of 976 non‐genotype 3 patients histologically proven to have CHC and treated with interferon and ribavirin was studied. Cumulative incidence and HCC risk were analysed using the Kaplan‐Meier method and Cox proportional hazard analysis.ResultsHepatocellular carcinoma developed in 140 subjects over a median follow‐up period of 97.3 months, while 699 patients achieved sustained virological response (SVR). According to multivariate analyses, age ≥ 60 years, advanced fibrosis and genotype 1 were identified as independent factors significantly associated with HCC development in SVR patients. Furthermore, using the absence of steatosis and absence of DM as references, the presence of steatosis without DM (HR = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.12‐3.9, P = .021), the presence of DM without steatosis (HR = 2.78, 95% CI = 1.3‐5.92, P = .008) and the combined presence of steatosis and DM (HR = 3.25, 95% CI = 1.44‐7.33, P = .004) were identified as independent factors significantly associated with HCC development in the SVR patients. In contrast, steatosis alone, DM alone and the combined presence of steatosis and DM were not associated with HCC development in non‐SVR patients.ConclusionsSteatosis and DM may be associated with HCC development in non‐genotype 3 CHC patients with SVR.
Oral microbiomes from hunter‐gatherers and traditional farmers reveal shifts in commensal balance and pathogen load linked to diet
Authors: Lassalle Florent , Spagnoletti Matteo , Fumagalli Matteo , Shaw Liam , Dyble Mark , Walker Catherine , Thomas Mark G. , Bamberg Migliano Andrea , Balloux Francois 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMaladaptation to modern diets has been implicated in several chronic disorders. Given the higher prevalence of disease such as dental caries and chronic gum diseases in industrialized societies, we sought to investigate the impact of different subsistence strategies on oral health and physiology, as documented by the oral microbiome. To control for confounding variables such as environment and host genetics, we sampled saliva from three pairs of populations of hunter‐gatherers and traditional farmers living in close proximity in the Philippines. Deep shotgun sequencing of salivary DNA generated high‐coverage microbiomes along with human genomes. Comparing these microbiomes with publicly available data from individuals living on a Western diet revealed that abundance ratios of core species were significantly correlated with subsistence strategy, with hunter‐gatherers and Westerners occupying either end of a gradient of Neisseria against Haemophilus, and traditional farmers falling in between. Species found preferentially in hunter‐gatherers included microbes often considered as oral pathogens, despite their hosts' apparent good oral health. Discriminant analysis of gene functions revealed vitamin B5 autotrophy and urease‐mediated pH regulation as candidate adaptations of the microbiome to the hunter‐gatherer and Western diets, respectively. These results suggest that major transitions in diet selected for different communities of commensals and likely played a role in the emergence of modern oral pathogens.
Ecological disturbance influences adaptive divergence despite high gene flow in golden perch (Macquaria ambigua): Implications for management and resilience to climate change
Authors: Attard Catherine R. M. , Brauer Chris J. , Sandoval‐Castillo Jonathan , Faulks Leanne K. , Unmack Peter J. , Gilligan Dean M. , Beheregaray Luciano B. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPopulations that are adaptively divergent but maintain high gene flow may have greater resilience to environmental change as gene flow allows the spread of alleles that have already been tested elsewhere. In addition, populations naturally subjected to ecological disturbance may already hold resilience to future environmental change. Confirming this necessitates ecological genomic studies of high dispersal, generalist species. Here we perform one such study on golden perch (Macquaria ambigua) in the Murray‐Darling Basin (MDB), Australia, using a genome‐wide SNP data set. The MDB spans across arid to wet and temperate to subtropical environments, with low to high ecological disturbance in the form of low to high hydrological variability. We found high gene flow across the basin and three populations with low neutral differentiation. Genotype–environment association analyses detected adaptive divergence predominantly linked to an arid region with highly variable riverine flow, and candidate loci included functions related to fat storage, stress and molecular or tissue repair. The high connectivity of golden perch in the MDB will likely allow locally adaptive traits in its most arid and hydrologically variable environment to spread and be selected in localities that are predicted to become arid and hydrologically variable in future climates. High connectivity in golden perch is likely due to their generalist life history and efforts of fisheries management. Our study adds to growing evidence of adaptation in the face of gene flow and highlights the importance of considering ecological disturbance and adaptive divergence in biodiversity management.
Arabidopsis thaliana plants challenged with uranium reveal new insights into iron and phosphate homeostasis
Authors: Berthet Serge , Villiers Florent , Alban Claude , Serre Nelson B. C. , Martin‐Laffon Jacqueline , Figuet Sylvie , Boisson Anne‐Marie , Bligny Richard , Kuntz Marcel , Finazzi Giovanni , Ravanel Stéphane , Bourguignon Jacques 
Published: November 2017

Summary

Uranium (U) is a naturally occurring radionuclide that is toxic to plants. It is known to interfere with phosphate nutrition and to modify the expression of iron (Fe)‐responsive genes. The transporters involved in the uptake of U from the environment are unknown. Here, we addressed whether IRT1, a high‐affinity Fe2+ transporter, could contribute to U uptake in Arabidopsis thaliana.

An irt1 null mutant was grown hydroponically in different conditions of Fe bioavailability and phosphate supply, and challenged with uranyl. Several physiological parameters (fitness, photosynthesis) were measured to evaluate the response to U treatment.

We found that IRT1 is not a major route for U uptake in our experimental conditions. However, the analysis of irt1 indicated that uranyl interferes with Fe and phosphate homeostasis at different levels. In phosphate‐sufficient conditions, the absence of the cation chelator EDTA in the medium has drastic consequences on the physiology of irt1, with important symptoms of Fe deficiency in chloroplasts. These effects are counterbalanced by U, probably because the radionuclide competes with Fe for complexation with phosphate and thus releases active Fe for metabolic and biogenic processes.

Our study reveals that challenging plants with U is useful to decipher the complex interplay between Fe and phosphate.
MdWRKY9 overexpression confers intensive dwarfing in the M26 rootstock of apple by directly inhibiting brassinosteroid synthetase MdDWF4 expression
Authors: Zheng Xiaodong , Zhao Yu , Shan Dongqian , Shi Kun , Wang Lin , Li Qingtian , Wang Na , Zhou Jingzhe , Yao Junzhu , Xue Yuan , Fang Shuang , Chu Jinfang , Guo Yan , Kong Jin 
Published: November 2017

Summary

Dwarfing rootstocks enable high‐density planting and are therefore highly desirable in modern apple (Malus domestica) production. M26 is a semi‐dwarfing rootstock that is used worldwide, but identifying intensive dwarfing rootstock is a major goal of apple breeding programs.

Herein, we show that MdWRKY9 mediates dwarfing by directly inhibiting the transcription of the brassinosteroid (BR) rate‐limiting synthetase MdDWF4 and reducing BR production.

We found that the transcriptional factor MdWRKY9 is highly expressed in all tested dwarfing rootstocks. Transgenic lines of M26 rootstock overexpressing MdWRKY9 exhibit further dwarfing, which resulted from the reduced BR levels and was reversed via exogenous brassinolide treatment. Both an in vivo chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis and an in vitro electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) indicated that MdWRKY9 binds to the promoter of MdDWF4. Furthermore, MdWRKY9 repressed MdDWF4 expression in stable transgenic apple plants as determined by quantitative PCR. In addition, RNA‐interfered expression of MdWRKY9 in transiently transformed apple calli led to a significant increase of MdDWF4, suggesting MdWRKY9 plays a critical role in regulating the expression of MdDWF4.

We report a novel dwarfing mechanism in perennial woody plants that involves WRKY‐controlled BR production, and present a new dwarfing M26 rootstock for potential applications in apple production.
Nutrient limitation of terrestrial free‐living nitrogen fixation
Authors: Dynarski Katherine A. , Houlton Benjamin Z. 
Published: November 2017

Summary

Nitrogen (N) fixation by free‐living bacteria is a primary N input pathway in many ecosystems and sustains global plant productivity. Uncertainty exists over the importance of N, phosphorus (P) and molybdenum (Mo) availability in controlling free‐living N fixation rates. Here, we investigate the geographic occurrence and variability of nutrient constraints to free‐living N fixation in the terrestrial biosphere.

We compiled data from studies measuring free‐living N fixation in response to N, P and Mo fertilizers. We used meta‐analysis to quantitatively determine the extent to which N, P and Mo stimulate or suppress N fixation, and if environmental variables influence the degree of nutrient limitation of N fixation.

Across our compiled dataset, free‐living N fixation is suppressed by N fertilization and stimulated by Mo fertilization. Additionally, free‐living N fixation is stimulated by P additions in tropical forests.

These findings suggest that nutrient limitation is an intrinsic property of the biochemical demands of N fixation, constraining free‐living N fixation in the terrestrial biosphere. These findings have implications for understanding the causes and consequences of N limitation in coupled nutrient cycles, as well as modeling and forecasting nutrient controls over carbon–climate feedbacks.
Discordance of pediatric morphea treatment by pediatric dermatologists
Authors: Tollefson Megha M. , Chiu Yvonne E. , Brandling‐Bennett Heather A. , Pope Elena 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesStudies describing treatment efficacy in pediatric morphea are lacking. Subspecialists have reached no consensus on how to optimally treat pediatric morphea. The objective of the current study was to describe the most common treatment practices of pediatric dermatologists worldwide who care for children with morphea.MethodsA survey regarding topical treatment practices of pediatric morphea, with representative case‐based scenarios, was distributed to pediatric dermatologists and results were tallied.ResultsThe survey response rate was 13.4%, with 110 respondents in the final analysis. The majority of respondents agreed on red violaceous rim (99%), increased local warmth (75%), raised borders (69%), and dermal thickening (64%) as signs of disease activity. Respondents had less agreement on sclerotic lesions (41%), scaling (43%), dyspigmentation (19%), and atrophy (13%) as signs of disease activity. Ninety‐two percent of respondents used primary therapy or monotherapy with topical medications, including 45% in linear morphea of the limbs and 37% in linear morphea of the head or neck. High‐potency topical corticosteroids were most commonly used (80%), although respondents did not agree on specific regimens. Sixteen different treatment regimens were selected as first‐line therapy for one case scenario of active disease.ConclusionThe survey found large variation in how pediatric dermatologists treat pediatric morphea. Consensus treatment guidelines developed by pediatric dermatologists and pediatric rheumatologists are urgently needed regarding the efficacy of therapies for pediatric morphea. Prospective studies of treatment efficacy in pediatric morphea are urgently needed as well.
Erythromelanosis follicularis faciei et colli: A clinicoepidemiologic study
Authors: Arif Tasleem , Adil Mohammad , Amin Syed Suhail , Tahseen Mohammad , Dorjay Konchok , Mohtashim Mohd , Singh Manu , Bansal Roopal , Raj Dinesh 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe describe 25 cases of erythromelanosis follicularis faciei et colli from India. The male:female ratio was 5.25:1 and the average age of onset was 12.3 years. The cheeks, preauricular area, and submandibular region were the sites most commonly affected. Keratosis pilaris was seen in 22 (88%) of the patients.
Exploring intergenerational patterns of infidelity
Authors: WEISER DANA A. , WEIGEL DANIEL J. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThree studies explored how parental infidelity is related to offspring's infidelity behavior and used social learning theory to test potential mechanisms. In Study 1, parental infidelity was positively associated with offspring infidelity; trust and relationship self‐efficacy did not mediate the association. In Study 2, infidelity was associated with parental infidelity and more positive infidelity beliefs. In Study 3, parental infidelity was positively associated with offspring infidelity. Study 3 revealed that parental infidelity is associated with offspring reports of receiving negative messages about fidelity and positive messages about infidelity from their family of origin. These communications are linked to more positive and accepting infidelity beliefs. The results of these studies support the conclusion that parent infidelity is associated with an individual's own infidelity.
A scoping review of environmental health nursing research
Authors: Polivka Barbara J. , Chaudry Rosemary V. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this scoping review was to determine the extent and focus of published environmental health nursing research.Design and SampleThe search was limited to peer reviewed, English‐language environmental health nursing research with at least one nursing author, published between 1995 and 2015 in a nursing journal, and catalogued in CINAHL.ResultsPublication of the 548 identified articles occurred in 118 different nursing journals. Annual number of publications increased from nine articles in 1995 to 50 in 2013 and 2014. Most (63%) of the studies occurred in the Unnited States; the remaining studies took place in 33 other countries. Three primary focus areas were identified: disasters/disaster preparedness, occupational health, and the home environment. Other focus areas included environmental exposures, environmental risk perception, secondhand smoke, and environmental health education. The primary populations studied were nurses/nursing students (40%) and adults (26%). Most common research designs employed were cross‐sectional (42%) and qualitative methods (20%).ConclusionsFindings from this scoping review support a global expansion of published environmental health nursing research addressing a variety of environmental health topics. Additional studies are needed that use more complex research methods and address timely topics such as climate change and sustainability.
Database of Absorption and Fluorescence Spectra of >300 Common Compounds for use in PhotochemCAD
Authors: Taniguchi Masahiko , Lindsey Jonathan S. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe design of new molecules for photochemical studies typically requires knowledge of spectral features of pertinent chromophores beginning with the absorption spectrum (λabs) and accompanying molar absorption coefficient (ε, m−1 cm−1) and often extending to the fluorescence spectrum (λem) and fluorescence quantum yield (Φf), where the fluorescence properties may be of direct relevance or useful as proxies to gain insight into the nature of the first excited singlet state. PhotochemCAD databases, developed over a period of 30 years, are described here. The previous databases for 150 compounds have been expanded to encompass 339 compounds for which absorption spectra (including ε values), fluorescence spectra (including Φf values) and references to the primary literature have been included where available (552 spectra altogether). The compounds exhibit spectra in the ultraviolet, visible and/or near‐infrared spectral regions. The compound classes and number of members include acridines (21), aromatic hydrocarbons (41), arylmethane dyes (11), azo dyes (18), biomolecules (18), chlorins/bacteriochlorins (16), coumarins (14), cyanine dyes (19), dipyrrins (7), heterocycles (26), miscellaneous dyes (13), oligophenylenes (13), oligopyrroles (6), perylenes (5), phthalocyanines (11), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (16), polyenes/polyynes (10), porphyrins (34), quinones (24) and xanthenes (15). A database of 31 solar spectra also is included.
Mechanisms and Mitochondrial Redox Signaling in Photobiomodulation
Authors: Hamblin Michael R. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPhotobiomodulation (PBM) involves the use of red or near‐infrared light at low power densities to produce a beneficial effect on cells or tissues. PBM therapy is used to reduce pain, inflammation, edema, and to regenerate damaged tissues such as wounds, bones, and tendons. The primary site of light absorption in mammalian cells has been identified as the mitochondria and, more specifically, cytochrome c oxidase (CCO). It is hypothesized that inhibitory nitric oxide can be dissociated from CCO, thus restoring electron transport and increasing mitochondrial membrane potential. Another mechanism involves activation of light or heat‐gated ion channels. This review will cover the redox signaling that occurs in PBM and examine the difference between healthy and stressed cells, where PBM can have apparently opposite effects. PBM has a marked effect on stem cells, and this is proposed to operate via mitochondrial redox signaling. PBM can act as a preconditioning regimen and can interact with exercise on muscles.
Nanoflower‐like Yttrium‐doped ZnO Photocatalyst for the Degradation of Methylene Blue Dye
Authors: Parangusan Hemalatha , Ponnamma Deepalekshmi , Al‐Maadeed Mariam Al Ali , Marimuthu Alagar 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPure ZnO and Yttrium‐doped (Y‐doped) ZnO at various mol% with flower‐like nanostructures are synthesized by a microwave‐assisted sol–gel method, followed by investigating the morphologies, crystal structures, optical properties and photocatalytic performances. While the phase formations are detected by X‐ray diffraction technique, both scanning and transmission electron microscopy images clearly depict the flower‐like morphology of ZnO and Y‐doped ZnO samples. Formation of flower petals is from the nanoparticles that grew and connected by orientation attachment process. The flower‐like architecture is addressed in terms of an Ostwald ripening mechanism. The UV‐Vis absorption studies show enhanced absorption for the Y‐doped ZnO, whereas the photoluminescence spectra confirm the significance of sample defects in the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants. Effects of various experimental parameters such as the amount of photocatalysts, dye concentration and dopant concentration on the dye degradation are also optimized.