bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PERIPAPILLARY PACHYCHOROID SYNDROME
Authors: Phasukkijwatana Nopasak , Freund K. Bailey , Dolz-Marco Rosa , Al-Sheikh Mayss , Keane Pearse A. , Egan CATHERINE A. , Randhawa Sandeep , Stewart Jay M. , Liu Qingyun , Hunyor Alex P. , KREIGER Allan , Nagiel Aaron , Lalane Robert , Rahimi Mansour , Lee Won Ki , Jampol Lee M. , Sarraf David 
Published: November 2017

Purpose:
To describe the features of peripapillary pachychoroid syndrome (PPS), a novel pachychoroid disease spectrum (PDS) entity.

Methods:
Medical records of 31 eyes (16 patients) with choroidal thickening associated with intraretinal and/or subretinal fluid in the nasal macula extending from the disk were reviewed (patients with PPS). Choroidal thickness was compared with 2 age-matched cohorts: typical PDS (17 eyes with central serous chorioretinopathy or pachychoroid neovasculopathy) and 19 normal eyes.

Results:
The patients with PPS were 81% men aged 71 ± 7 years. Peripapillary pachychoroid syndrome eyes displayed thicker nasal versus temporal macular choroids, unlike PDS eyes with thicker temporal macular choroids (P < 0.0001). Peripapillary intraretinal and/or subretinal fluid was often overlying dilated Haller layer vessels (pachyvessels). Fundus autofluorescence and fluorescein angiography illustrated peripapillary pigmentary mottling without focal leakage. Most PPS eyes (70%) exhibited other PDS findings including serous pigment epithelial detachment or gravitational tracks. Indocyanine green angiography illustrated dilated peripapillary pachyvessels and choroidal hyperpermeability. The disk was usually crowded, with edema noted in 4/31 (13%) eyes and mild late fluorescein disk leakage identified in half of the cases. Choroidal folds (77%), short axial lengths (39% less than 23 mm), and hyperopia (86%) were common.

Conclusion:
Peripapillary pachychoroid syndrome is a distinct PDS variant, in which peripapillary choroidal thickening is associated with nasal macular intraretinal and/or subretinal fluid and occasional disk edema. Recognition of PPS is important to distinguish it from disorders with overlapping features such as posterior uveitis and neuro-ophthalmologic conditions.
PANRETINAL PHOTOCOAGULATION VERSUS RANIBIZUMAB FOR PROLIFERATIVE DIABETIC RETINOPATHY
Authors: Jampol Lee M. , Odia Isoken , Glassman Adam R. , Baker Carl W. , Bhorade Anjali M. , Han Dennis P. , Jaffe Glenn J. , Melia Michele , Bressler Neil M. , Tanna Angelo P. ,   for the Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network
Published: November 2017

Purpose:
Compare changes in retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness between eyes assigned to intravitreous ranibizumab or panretinal photocoagulation and assess correlations between changes in RNFL and visual field sensitivity and central subfield thickness.

Methods:
Eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy were randomly assigned to ranibizumab or panretinal photocoagulation. Baseline and annual follow-up spectral domain optical coherence tomography RNFL imaging, optical coherence tomography macular imaging, and automated static perimetry (Humphrey visual field 60–4 algorithm) were performed.

Results:
One hundred forty-six eyes from 120 participants were analyzed. At 2 years, for the ranibizumab (N = 74) and panretinal photocoagulation (N = 66) groups, respectively, mean change in average RNFL thickness was −10.9 ± 11.7 μm and −4.3 ± 11.6 μm (difference, −4.9 μm; 95% confidence interval [−7.2 μm to −2.6 μm]; P < 0.001); the correlation between change in RNFL thickness and 60-4 Humphrey visual field mean deviation was −0.27 (P = 0.07) and +0.33 (P = 0.035); the correlation between change in RNFL thickness and central subfield thickness was +0.63 (P < 0.001) and +0.34 (P = 0.005), respectively.

Conclusion:
At 2 years, eyes treated with ranibizumab had greater RNFL thinning than eyes treated with panretinal photocoagulation. Correlations between changes in RNFL thickness, visual field, and central subfield thickness suggest that the decrease in RNFL thickness with ranibizumab is likely due to decreased edema rather than loss of axons.
VITRECTOMY WITH SUBRETINAL TISSUE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR AND GAS TAMPONADE FOR SUBFOVEAL HEMORRHAGE
Authors: Plemel David J. A. , Lapere Steven R.J. , Rudnisky Christopher J. , Tennant Matthew T. S. 
Published: November 2017

Purpose:
To study the prognostic factors and clinical outcomes of patients who underwent pars plana vitrectomy, subretinal injection of tissue plasminogen activator, and gas tamponade for the treatment of subfoveal hemorrhage (SFH).

Methods:
A retrospective noncomparative interventional case series.

Results:
Seventy-eight eyes from 77 patients were included. A total of 84.6% of eyes developed SFH from age-related macular degeneration. Partial or complete displacement of the SFH was achieved in 91.5% of eyes within 2 months of surgery. Visual acuity improved from 20/1,449 preoperatively to 20/390 after a mean follow-up time of 6.3 months, corresponding to approximately 5 lines of Snellen acuity improvement (P < 0.001). Better visual acuity was associated with the absence of age-related macular degeneration (P = 0.02) and less hemorrhage superior to the fovea (P < 0.001). Final visual acuity was not associated with the area of SFH (P = 0.17), use of anticoagulants (P = 0.14), or visibility of the ellipsoid layer by optical coherence tomography (P = 0.64). Nine patients (11.5%) developed a recurrence of SFH within the follow-up period. Recurrence of SFH was not associated with concurrent anticoagulant therapy (P = 0.52).

Conclusion:
An etiology other than age-related macular degeneration with less hemorrhage superior to the fovea predicts a better outcome in patients with SFH treated with pars plana vitrectomy, subretinal tissue plasminogen activator, and gas tamponade.
TIMING AND OUTCOME OF SURGERY FOR PERSISTENT MACULAR HOLE
Authors: Patel Rutul , Gopalakrishnan Mahesh , Giridhar Anantharaman 
Published: November 2017

Purpose:
To evaluate the efficacy and optimum timing for resurgery in case of persistent macular hole (MH).

Methods:
Twenty-five eyes of 25 patients who underwent fluid–air exchange with intravitreal C3F8 for persistent MH after vitrectomy + internal limiting membrane peeling + SF6 were included in the study. Best-corrected visual acuity, optical coherence tomography features including base diameter and configuration of MH, and time duration between the two surgeries were noted.

Results:
Patients who underwent resurgery within 3 months of the first surgery had better anatomical closure rate compared with those who underwent resurgery after 3 months (P < 0.05). Significant improvement was seen in best-corrected visual acuity in eyes with closed MH. Eyes having MH with irregular edges on optical coherence tomography had better anatomical closure rates compared with the eyes having MH with round edges.

Conclusion:
Patients undergoing repeat gas injection within 3 months of the primary surgery for persistent MH have better anatomical closure rates compared with late intervention.
A CASE OF RELAPSING RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIAL DETACHMENT IN PERIPAPILLARY PACHYCHOROID PIGMENT EPITHELIOPATHY
Authors: Zhang Fuyan , Qiu Yuxing , Stewart Jay M. 
Published: November 2017

Purpose:
To report the findings in a patient with peripapillary pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy who demonstrated a retinal pigment epithelial detachment (PED) that was present at some times but not other times.

Methods:
A review of 24 months of the clinical course and findings on multimodal imaging, including color fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence, spectral domain optical coherence tomography, and enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography. Choroidal thickness was measured by exporting the optical coherence tomography images to ImageJ (National Institutes of Health) for analysis.

Results:
A 75-year-old Asian woman complaining of metamorphopsia had a relapsing PED but no intraretinal or subretinal fluid. Multimodal imaging demonstrated an orange-reddish appearance and hyperautofluorescence/hypoautofluorescence in the nasal macula, chronically thickened choroid located beneath the PED and peripapillary region, and variability in the presence of Sattler layer of the choroid, with its disappearance in the foveal region during exacerbation of the condition, and its emergence when the PED resolved.

Conclusion:
In pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy, PED can develop and spontaneously resolve, and variations in choroidal thickness and the presence of Sattler layer may be an indicator of changes in disease activity.
Efficacy of Rebamipide Instillation for Contact Lens Discomfort With Dry Eye
Authors: Igarashi Tsutomu , Kobayashi Maika , Yaguchi Chiemi , Fujimoto Chiaki , Suzuki Hisaharu , Takahashi Hiroshi 
Published: November 2017

Objective:
To examine the effects of rebamipide ophthalmic solution on the symptoms, signs, and cytokine concentrations in tear fluid among soft contact lens (SCL) wearers with Dry eye disease (DED).

Methods:
From November 2015 to June 2017, this open-label, single-arm study examined 40 eyes of 20 SCL wearers with DED who had been using daily disposable SCLs for >3 months (mean age, 30.0±8.33 years; range, 20–47 years). Signs, symptoms, and cytokine concentrations were assessed before and 4 weeks after starting 2% rebamipide ophthalmic solution 4 times/day. Dry eye disease was diagnosed according to: compromised tear dynamics (Schirmer test ≤5 mm or tear break-up time (TBUT) ≤5 sec); ocular surface abnormalities (positive vital staining with fluorescein or lissamine green); and presence of symptoms. Touch thresholds using a Cochet-Bonnet anesthesiometer were also determined for the cornea and conjunctivae. Symptoms were assessed using the 12-item Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire. Concentrations of cytokines in tear fluid were measured.

Results:
Significant improvements in signs were seen for TBUT, surface abnormalities, and touch thresholds. Ocular Surface Disease Index scores likewise improved significantly in all the 12 items. Of the cytokines measured, only interleukin-1β, interleukin-8, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 were found in ≥60% of tear samples, with no significant differences in concentrations before and after rebamipide use.

Conclusions:
Rebamipide significantly improved all signs and symptoms in patients with DED who wore daily disposable SCLs. Rebamipide is effective for DED treatment with SCL wear.
Benign Reactive Lymphoid Hyperplasia of the Conjunctiva Treated With Cyclosporine
Authors: Parikh Rupin N. , Sandhu Harpal S. , Massaro-Giordano Giacomina , Goldstein Scott M. , O'Brien Joan M. 
Published: November 2017

Purpose:
To describe a case of reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (RLH) of the conjunctiva responding to cyclosporine immunosuppressant monotherapy.

Methods:
A 66-year-old man with a 2-year history of biopsy-proven bilateral RLH presented for dry eye evaluation with chief complaints of burning, stinging, and irritation in both eyes. After slit-lamp examination and positive findings of matrix metalloproteinase 9 in the patient's tear film, he was diagnosed with meibomian gland dysfunction and tear-insufficiency dry eye disease. The patient was subsequently treated with topical cyclosporine (ophthalmic emulsion 0.5 mg/mL two times per day) in both eyes.

Results:
Examination at the 3-month follow-up visit revealed significant reduction of the RLH lesions bilaterally.

Conclusions:
This report represents the first case of benign ocular RLH responsive to topical cyclosporine therapy. We believe that cyclosporine could play a role in treating patients with benign ocular RLH and warrants further investigation to evaluate its full efficacy.
The Effect of Peripheral Vestibular Recovery on Improvements in Vestibulo-ocular Reflexes and Balance Control After Acute Unilateral Peripheral Vestibular Loss
Authors: Allum John H. J. , Scheltinga Alja , Honegger Flurin 
Published: November 2017

Background:
Patients with an acute unilateral peripheral vestibular deficit (aUPVD), presumed to be caused by vestibular neuritis, show asymmetrical vestibular ocular reflexes (VORs) that improve over time. Questions arise regarding how much of the VOR improvement is due to peripheral recovery or central compensation, and whether differences in peripheral recovery influence balance control outcomes.

Methods:
Thirty patients were examined at aUPVD onset and 3, 6, and 13 weeks later with four different VOR tests: caloric tests; rotating (ROT) chair tests performed in yaw with angular accelerations of 5 and 20 degrees/s2; and video head impulse tests (vHIT) in the yaw plane. ROT and vHIT responses and balance control of 11 patients who had a caloric canal paresis (CP) more than 90% at aUPVD onset and no CP recovery (no-CPR) at 13 weeks in caloric tests were compared with those of 19 patients with CP recovery (CPR) to less than 30%, on average. Balance control was measured with a gyroscope system (SwayStar) recording trunk sway during stance and gait tasks.

Results:
ROT and vHIT asymmetries of no-CPR and CPR patients reduced over time. The reduction was less at 13 weeks (36.2% vs. 83.5% on average) for the no-CPR patients. The no-CPR group asymmetries at 13 weeks were greater than those of CPR patients who had normal asymmetries. The greater asymmetries were caused by weaker deficit side responses which remained deficient in no-CPR patients at 13 weeks. Contra-deficit side vHIT and ROT responses remained normal. For all balance tests, sway was slightly greater for no-CPR compared with CPR patients at aUPVD onset and 3 weeks later. At 13 weeks, only sway during walking eyes closed was greater for the no-CPR group. A combination of 5 degrees/s2 ROT and balance tests could predict at onset (90% accuracy) which patients would have no-CPR at 13 weeks.

Conclusions:
These results indicate that for ROT and vHIT tests, central compensation is observed in CPR and no-CPR patients. It acts primarily by increasing deficit side responses. Central compensation provides approximately 60% of the VOR improvement for CPR patients. The rest of the improvement is due to peripheral recovery which appears necessary to reduce VOR asymmetry to normal at 13 weeks on average. Balance control improvement is more rapid than that of the VOR and marginally affected by the lack of peripheral recovery. Both VOR and balance control measures at onset provide indicators of future peripheral recovery. For these reasons VOR and balance control needs to be tested at aUPVD onset and at 13 weeks.
Ocular Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials: Where Are We Now?
Authors: Dlugaiczyk Julia 
Published: November 2017

Objective:
Over the last decade, ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (oVEMPs) have evolved as a new clinical test for dynamic otolith (predominantly utricular) function. The aim of this review is to give an update on the neurophysiological foundations of oVEMPs and their implications for recording and interpreting oVEMP responses in clinical practice.

Conclusion:
Different lines of anatomical, neurophysiological, and clinical evidence support the notion that oVEMPs measure predominantly contralateral utricular function, while cervical cVEMPs are an indicator of ipsilateral saccular function. Bone-conducted vibration (BCV) in the midline of the forehead at the hairline (Fz) or unilateral air-conducted sound (ACS) are commonly used as stimuli for oVEMPs. It is recommended to apply short stimuli with short rise times for obtaining optimal oVEMP responses. Finally, this review summarizes the clinical application and interpretation of oVEMPs, particularly for vestibular neuritis, Ménière's disease, superior canal dehiscence and “challenging” patients.
Menière and Friends: Imaging and Classification of Hydropic Ear Disease
Authors: Gürkov Robert 
Published: November 2017

Background:
Over 75 years ago, endolymphatic hydrops was discovered as the pathologic correlate of Menière's disease. However, this pathologic finding could be ascertained only in postmortem histologic studies. Due to this diagnostic dilemma and the variable manifestation of the various audiovestibular symptoms, diagnostic classification systems based on clinical findings have been used hitherto.

Methods:
A review of the literature of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of hydropic ear disease.

Results:
Recent developments of high resolution MR imaging of the inner ear have now enabled us to visualize in vivo endolymphatic hydrops in patients with suspected Menière's disease. The existing knowledge from temporal bone histologic studies and from the emerging evidence on imaging based evaluation of patients with suspected Menière's disease indicate that endolymphatic hydrops not only is responsible for the full-blown clinical triad of simultaneous attacks of auditory and vestibular dysfunction, but also for other clinical presentations such as “vestibular” and “cochlear Menière's disease.”

Conclusion:
As a consequence, we propose the term “Hydropic Ear Disease” as a new terminology which is based on symptomatic and imaging characteristics of these clinical entities to clarify and simplify their diagnostic classification.
Evaluation of Cochlear Implant Receiver Position and Its Temporal Changes
Authors: Grupe Gloria , Rademacher Grit , Hofmann Solvig , Stratmann Andreas , Mittmann Philipp , Mutze Sven , Ernst Arneborg , Todt Ingo 
Published: November 2017

Hypothesis:
It was the aim of this study to establish normative data regarding intended changes in cochlear implants (CI) receiver positioning by one surgeon over time.

Background:
With the increasing number of CI patients, the probability of needing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) increases. The accessibility of cerebral structures is limited by MRI artifacts caused by CI. New studies show a dependence of the visibility of intracranial structures by the MRI sequences and the position of the CI receiver itself.

Methods:
Retrospective and interindividual investigation of topograms with regard to the nasion–external auditory canal–internal magnet angle and the distance between the internal magnet and the external auditory canal. We evaluated scans of 150 CI recipients implanted from 2008 until 2015.

Results:
The most common implant position in the years 2008 to 2015 was a nasion–external auditory canal–internal magnet angle between 121 and 140 degrees (mean, 127 degrees) and an internal magnet–external auditory canal distance between 61 and 80 mm (mean, 70 mm). Over time the nasion–external auditory canal–internal magnet angle increased and the internal magnet–external auditory canal distance decreased, both to a statistically significant degree. A difference between the manufacturers was not observed.

Conclusion:
The CI receiver position is important for an artifact-free examination of the internal auditory canal and the cochlea. The realization of the position over a time course supports awareness of artifact-related visibility limitations.
Cochlear Pericytes Are Capable of Reversibly Decreasing Capillary Diameter In Vivo After Tumor Necrosis Factor Exposure
Authors: Bertlich Mattis , Ihler Friedrich , Weiss Bernhard G. , Freytag Saskia , Strupp Michael , Canis Martin 
Published: November 2017

Objective:
The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and its neutralization with etanercept on the capability of cochlear pericytes to alter capillary diameter in the stria vascularis.

Methods:
Twelve Dunkin–Hartley guinea pigs were randomly assigned to one of three groups. Each group was treated either with placebo and then placebo, TNF and then placebo, or TNF and then etanercept. Cochlear pericytes were visualized using diaminofluorescein-2-diacetate and intravasal blood flow by fluorescein-dextrane. Vessel diameter at sites of pericyte somas and downstream controls were quantified by specialized software. Values were obtained before treatment, after first treatment with tumor necrosis factor or placebo and after second treatment with etanercept or placebo.

Results:
Overall, 199 pericytes in 12 animals were visualized. After initial treatment with TNF, a significant decrease in vessel diameter at sites of pericyte somas (3.6 ±4.3%, n = 141) compared with placebo and downstream controls was observed. After initial treatment with TNF, the application of etanercept caused a significant increase (3.3 ±5.5%, n = 59) in vessel diameter at the sites of pericyte somata compared with placebo and downstream controls.

Conclusion:
We have been able to show that cochlear pericytes are capable of reducing capillary diameter after exposition to TNF. Moreover, the reduction in capillary diameter observed after the application of TNF is revertible after neutralization of tumor necrosis factor by the application of etanercept. It seems that contraction of cochlear pericytes contributes to the regulation of cochlear blood flow.
Patterns of Extended High-frequency Hearing Loss Following Stapes Surgery
Authors: Babbage Melissa J. , O’Beirne Greg A. , Bergin Michael J. , Bird Philip A. 
Published: November 2017

Objective:
Thresholds in the extended high-frequency (EHF) range (> 8 kHz) often worsen after otherwise successful stapedectomy. The aims of this study were to document the prevalence of hearing loss from 0.25 to 16 kHz after stapedectomy and the relative rates of transient and permanent EHF hearing loss.

Study Design:
Prospective, observational, longitudinal.

Setting:
Tertiary referral center.

Patients:
Thirty-nine patients who underwent 44 primary or revision stapes surgeries.

Intervention:
Hearing thresholds were measured at 0.25 to 16 kHz preoperatively, and at approximately 1 week, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively.

Main Outcome Measures:
Average threshold changes in bands of frequencies (0.25–1, 2–8, 9–11.2, 12.5–16 kHz) and the percentage of patients with a change in the highest frequency at which a hearing threshold could be measured were evaluated at each assessment.

Results:
A mean hearing loss was documented in the EHF range at all postoperative assessments. There was a decrease in the highest frequency at which a hearing threshold was measureable in 77% of patients at the first postoperative assessment, and despite some improvement over time, in 50% of patients 12 months postoperatively.

Conclusion:
There is a significant incidence of EHF loss after stapedectomy. Although partial recovery often occurs, more than half of patients retain an EHF hearing loss 12 months postoperatively. As hearing loss in the EHF range is more common than loss at 4 kHz, EHF measurements may be a more sensitive model to compare surgical factors and evaluate pharmacologic interventions.