bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HLA Matching Trumps Donor Age: Donor-Recipient Pairing Characteristics That Impact Long-Term Success in Living Donor Kidney Transplantation in the Era of Paired Kidney Exchange
Authors: Milner John , Melcher Marc L. , Lee Brian , Veale Jeff , Ronin Matthew , D'Alessandro Tom , Hil Garet , Fry Phillip C. , Shannon Patrick W. 
Published: June 2016

Background
We sought to identify donor characteristics influencing long-term graft survival, expressed by a novel measure, kidney life years (KLYs), in living donor kidney transplantation (LDKT).

Methods
Cox and multiple regression analyses were applied to data from the Scientific Registry for Transplant Research from 1987 to 2015. Dependent variable was KLYs.

Results
Living donor kidney transplantation (129 273) were performed from 1987 to 2013 in the United States. To allow sufficient time to assess long-term results, outcomes of LDKTs between 1987 and 2001 were analyzed. After excluding cases where a patient died with a functioning graft (8301) or those missing HLA data (9), 40 371 cases were analyzed. Of 18 independent variables, the focus became the 4 variables that were the most statistically and clinically significant in that they are potentially modifiable in donor selection (P <0.0001; ie, HLA match points, donor sex, donor biological sibling and donor age). HLA match points had the strongest relationship with KLYs, was associated with the greatest tendency toward graft longevity on Cox regression, and had the largest increase in KLYs (2.0 year increase per 50 antigen Match Points) based on multiple regression.

Conclusions
In cases when a patient has multiple potential donors, such as through paired exchange, graft life might be extended when a donor with favorable matching characteristics is selected.
Behavioural effects of temperature on ectothermic animals: unifying thermal physiology and behavioural plasticity
Authors: Abram Paul K. , Boivin Guy , Moiroux Joffrey , Brodeur Jacques 
Published: June 2016

AbstractTemperature imposes significant constraints on ectothermic animals, and these organisms have evolved numerous adaptations to respond to these constraints. While the impacts of temperature on the physiology of ectotherms have been extensively studied, there are currently no frameworks available that outline the multiple and often simultaneous pathways by which temperature can affect behaviour. Drawing from the literature on insects, we propose a unified framework that should apply to all ectothermic animals, generalizing temperature's behavioural effects into (1) Kinetic effects, resulting from temperature's bottom-up constraining influence on metabolism and neurophysiology over a range of timescales (from short-to long-term), and (2) Integrated effects, where the top-down integration of thermal information intentionally initiates or modifies a behaviour (behavioural thermoregulation, thermal orientation, thermosensory behavioural adjustments). We discuss the difficulty in distinguishing adaptive behavioural changes due to temperature from behavioural changes that are the products of constraints, and propose two complementary approaches to help make this distinction and class behaviours according to our framework: (i) behavioural kinetic null modeling and (ii) behavioural ecology experiments using temperature-insensitive mutants. Our framework should help to guide future research on the complex relationship between temperature and behaviour in ectothermic animals.
Identification of Novel and Differentially Expressed MicroRNAs in Goat Enzootic Nasal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wang Bin , Ye Ni , Cao San-jie , Wen Xin-tian , Huang Yongxs , Yan Qi-gui 
Published: June 2016

AbstractEnzootic nasal adenocarcinoma (ENA), an epithelial tumor induced in goats and sheep by enzootic nasal tumor virus (ENTV), is a chronic, progressive,contact transmitted disease. This study aimed to identify novel and differentially expressed miRNAs in the tumor and para-carcinoma nasal tissuesofNanjiang yellow goats with ENA. Small RNA Illumina high-throughput sequencing was used to construct a goat nasal miRNA library.406 known miRNAs and 29 novel miRNAs were identified. A total of 116 miRNAs were significantly differentially expressed in para-carcinoma nasal tissues and ENA; Target gene prediction and functional analysis revealed that 6176 non-redundancy target genes, 1792 significant GO and 97 significant KEGG pathway for 121 miRNAs were predicted.
Dynamics Affecting the Risk of Silent Circulation When Oral Polio Vaccination Is Stopped
Authors: Koopman J.S. , Henry C.J , Park J.H. , Eisenberg M.C. , Ionides E.L. , Eisenberg J.N. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSilent circulation of polioviruses without poliomyelitis cases could threaten eradication when oral polio vaccine (OPV) use is stopped worldwide. Waning immunity promotes silent circulation by increasing poliovirus transmission from individuals not at risk of paralytic polio. There is limited data on temporal patterns of waning. Accordingly, we modeled a range of waning patterns, scaled from fast but shallow to slow but deep, while keeping constant the effect of waning on transmission dynamics before vaccination begins. Besides waning, we varied overall transmissibility, the delay from beginning vaccination to reaching specified infection levels, and type specific virus characteristics. We observed an increasing range of vaccination levels that resulted in long periods of silent circulation after eliminating paralytic polio cases as the delay in reaching final vaccination levels increased. The extent of silent circulation was higher when waning was slower and deeper, when transmissibility was higher, and when virus was type 3. In our model, modest levels of vaccination of adults reduce silent circulation risks. These modeled patterns are consistent with very long silent circulation mainly emerging as a threat to OPV cessation in the last places from which polio cases are eliminated. Our analyses indicate why previous modeling studies have not seen the threat of silent circulation. They used models with no or very short duration waning and they lacked identifiability of waning effects on silent circulation because they fit models only to paralytic polio case counts. Our analyses show that nearly identical polio case count patterns can be generated by a range of waning patterns that in turn generate diverse silent circulation risks. We conclude that the risks of prolonged silent circulation are real but unquantified, that vaccinating adults with waned immunity will reduce those risks, and that intensive environmental surveillance will be needed to detect this risk before stopping OPV.
Haplotype block dynamics in hybrid populations
Authors: Janzen Thijs , Nolte Arne W. , Traulsen Arne 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTWhen species originate through hybridization, the genomes of the ancestral species are blended together. Over time genomic blocks that originate from either one of the ancestral species accumulate in the hybrid genome through genetic recombination. Modeling the accumulation of ancestry blocks can elucidate processes and patterns of genomic admixture. However, previous models have ignored ancestry block dynamics for chromosomes that consist of a discrete, finite number of chromosomal elements. Here we present an analytical treatment of the dynamics of the mean number of blocks over time, for continuous and discrete chromosomes, in finite and infinite populations. We describe the mean number of haplotype blocks as a universal function dependent on population size, the number of genomic elements per chromosome, the number of recombination events, and the initial relative frequency of the ancestral species.
Linking disaster risk reduction, climate change and development
Authors: Schipper E. Lisa F. , Thomalla Frank , Vulturius Gregor , Davis Marion , Johnson Karlee 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to advance the dialogue between the disaster risk reduction (DRR) and adaptation community by investigating their differences, similarities and potential synergies. The paper examines how DRR and adaptation can inform development to tackle the underlying drivers of disaster risk.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on a risk-based approach to the management of climate variability and change, the paper draws from a critical review of the literature on DRR and adaptation. The study finds that known and emerging risk from disasters continues to increase dramatically in many parts of the world, and that climate change is a key driver behind it. The authors also find that underlying causes of social vulnerability are still not adequately addressed in policy or practice. Linking DRR and adaptation is also complicated by different purposes and perspectives, fragmented knowledge, institutions and policy and poor stakeholder coordination.

Findings
The author’s analysis suggests that future work in DRR and adaptation should put a much greater emphasis on reducing vulnerability to environmental hazards, if there is truly a desire to tackle the underlying drivers of disaster and climate risks.

Originality/value
This will require coherent political action on DRR and adaptation aimed at addressing faulty development processes that are the main causes of growing vulnerability. The study concludes with a first look on the new Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction and how it aims to connect with adaptation and development.
Antecedents of Chinese adolescents’ purchase intention for local brands: the moderating influence of materialistic values
Authors: Shi Bing , Zhang Dan , Xie Hongling , Zhou Yinghui 
Published: June 2016

PurposeThis study aims to examine factors affecting Chinese adolescents’ purchase intention for local brands; this study focuses on the effects of perceived social status value and materialistic values.Design/methodology/approachA theoretical model relating perceived social status value of brands to purchase intention, including materialistic values as a moderator, was developed and tested, using a sample of 587 Chinese adolescent respondents. Another experimental study examined the variability of the moderation of materialistic values across different levels of peer pressure in a product usage occasion.FindingsPerceived social status value associated with local and foreign brands significantly influences purchase intention for local brands. Moreover, influence of perceived social status value of local versus foreign brands on local brand purchase intention is greater for materialistic adolescents. Additionally, the moderation of materialistic values is found in a product usage occasion with high peer pressure, but not in an occasion with low peer pressure.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings show that perceived social status value associated with brands shapes purchase intention for local brands. The moderating effect of materialistic values is complex and suggests further research. The study’s scope is limited to Chinese adolescents.Practical implicationsThe findings provide understanding of the drivers of purchase intention, and thus serve as a guideline for Chinese firms and foreign marketers seeking to enter the growing Chinese market, as well as consumer educators in China.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the limited empirical research into the factors shaping country-of-origin effects. Moreover, the findings suggest the need to consider the moderating role of materialistic values on purchase intention for local brands.
The role of brand equity and face saving in Chinese luxury consumption
Authors: Siu Noel Yee-Man , Kwan Ho Yan , Zeng Celeste Yunru 
Published: June 2016

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the impact of brand equity on Chinese consumers’ affective attitudes toward luxury brands and their behavioral intentions by applying the cognitive-affective model. The interaction effect between face saving and consumer’s affective attitude on luxury consumption is also examined.Design/methodology/approachA field survey was conducted using a sample of 248 luxury consumers in three Chinese cities.FindingsBrand equity was found positively to predict Chinese consumers’ affective attitudes and their willingness to pay a premium price for a luxury brand. Moreover, consumers who highly value face saving were found to be more willing to pay a premium price, even though they hold a less positive attitude toward the brand.Research limitations/implicationsThe use of cross-sectional survey data with young Chinese consumers in first-tier cities may limit the generalizability of the findings as well as precluding the making of causal inferences.Practical implicationsGlobal luxury marketers who plan to enter the China market can utilize marketing strategies to create prestigious value and appeal to consumers who seek for social approval and status.Originality/valuePrevious published studies of brand equity and luxury consumption have primarily emphasized Western markets. These findings advance our understanding of luxury purchase intention among young Chinese consumers, for whom the need for social acceptance acts as a crucial motivator in luxury consumption. The results contribute to amplifying the brand equity concept by taking cultural context into consideration.
Field‐based experimental acidification alters fouling community structure and reduces diversity
Authors: Brown Norah E. M. , Therriault Thomas W. , Harley Christopher D. G. 
Published: June 2016

Summary

Increasing levels of CO2 in the atmosphere are affecting ocean chemistry, leading to increased acidification (i.e. decreased pH) and reductions in calcium carbonate saturation state.

Many species are likely to respond to acidification, but the direction and magnitude of these responses will be based on interspecific and ontogenetic variation in physiology and the relative importance of calcification. Differential responses to ocean acidification (OA) among species will likely result in important changes in community structure and diversity.

To characterize the potential impacts of OA on community composition and structure, we examined the response of a marine fouling community to experimental CO2 enrichment in field‐deployed flow‐through mesocosm systems.

Acidification significantly altered the community structure by altering the relative abundance of species and reduced community variability, resulting in more homogenous biofouling communities from one experimental tile to the next both among and within the acidified mesocosms. Mussel (Mytilus trossulus) recruitment was reduced by over 30% in the elevated CO2 treatment compared to the ambient treatment by the end of the experiment. Strong differences in mussel cover (up to 40% lower in acidified conditions) developed over the second half of the 10‐week experiment. Acidification did not appear to affect the mussel growth, as average mussel sizes were similar between treatments at the end of the experiment. Hydroid (Obelia dichotoma) cover was significantly reduced in the elevated CO2 treatment after 8 weeks. Conversely, the percentage cover of bryozoan colonies (Mebranipora membranacea) was higher under acidified conditions with differences becoming apparent after 6 weeks. Neither recruitment nor final size of barnacles (Balanus crenatus) was affected by acidification. By the end of the experiment, diversity was 41% lower in the acidified treatment relative to ambient conditions.

Overall, our findings support the general expectation that OA will simplify marine communities by acting on important ecological processes that ultimately determine the community structure and diversity.
Can human rights standards help protect children and youth from the detrimental impact of alcohol beverage marketing and promotional activities?
Authors: Chapman Audrey R. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackground and aimsThe alcohol industry in the Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) region promotes demand for alcohol products actively through a number of channels, including advertising and sponsorship of sports and other events. This paper evaluates whether human rights instruments that Latin American countries have ratified can be used to limit children's exposure to alcohol advertising and promotion.MethodsA review was conducted of the text of, and interpretative documents related to, a series of international and regional human rights instruments ratified by most countries in the LAC region that enumerate the right to health.ResultsThe Convention on the Rights of the Child has the most relevant provisions to protect children and youth from alcohol promotion and advertising. Related interpretive documents by the United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child affirm that corporations hold duties to respect and protect children's right to health.ConclusionHuman rights norms and law can be used to regulate or eliminate alcohol beverage marketing and promotional activities in the Latin American region. The paper recommends developing a human rights based Framework Convention on Alcohol Control to provide guidance.
Flattened plant bugs of the Pandanus‐inhabiting genus Frontimiris (Heteroptera: Miridae) and Pandanus spiralis–heteropteran associations in the East Kimberley
Authors: Cassis Gerasimos , Cheng Marina , Tatarnic Nikolai 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe mirid genus Frontimiris Carvalho is recorded from Australia for the first time, including the description of three new species: F. bentickensis sp. nov., F. monteithi sp. nov. and F. pandanaphilus sp. nov. The last of these species was discovered in the East Kimberley in association with the monocot species Pandanus spiralis. Other true bug species found in association with P. spiralis are documented, including dry season aggregations of Pachygrontha austrina Kirkaldy (Pachygronthidae) and Oncocoris griseus McDonald (Pentatomidae).
Handheld reflectance confocal microscopy for the diagnosis of molluscum contagiosum: Histopathology and dermoscopy correlation
Authors: Lacarrubba Francesco , Verzì Anna Elisa , Ardigò Marco , Micali Giuseppe 
Published: June 2016

AbstractHandheld reflectance confocal microscopy may represent an adjunctive, fast, non‐invasive tool for the diagnosis of molluscum contagiosum, revealing microscopic details closely related to histopathology, as demonstrated by this study evaluating 19 molluscum lesions in 11 patients. It permits the rapid examination of one or multiple skin lesions in real time and it is perfectly suitable for children.
Neuronal Soluble Fas Ligand Drives M1‐Microglia Polarization after Cerebral Ischemia
Authors: Meng Hai‐Lan , Li Xiao‐Xi , Chen Yan‐Ting , Yu Lin‐Jie , Zhang He , Lao Jia‐Min , Zhang Xin , Xu Yun 
Published: June 2016

SummaryAimsThis study explored sFasL expression in neurons and the potential role of neuronal sFasL in modulating the microglial phenotypes.MethodsIn vivo, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was induced in both FasL‐mutant (gld) and wild‐type (wt) mice. In vitro, primary cortical neuron or microglia or coculture from wt/gld mice was subjected to oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD). sFasL level in the supernatant was evaluated by ELISA. Neuronal‐conditioned medium (NCM) or exogenous sFasL was applied to primary microglia with or without FasL neutralizing antibody. Protein expression of JAK2/STAT3 and NF‐κB pathways were determined by Western blot. The effect of microglia phenotype from wt/gld mice on the fate of ischemic neurons was further elucidated.ResultsIn vivo, compared with wild‐type mice, M1 markers (CD16, CD32 and iNOS) were attenuated in gld mice after MCAO. In vitro, post‐OGD neuron released more sFasL. Both post‐OGD NCM and exogenous sFasL could trigger M1‐microglial polarization. However, this M1 phenotype shift was partially blocked by utilization of FasL neutralizing antibody or gld NCM. Consistently, JAK2/STAT3 and NF‐κB signal pathways were both activated in microglia after exogenous sFasL treatment. Compared with wild‐type mice, M1‐conditioned medium prepared from gld mice protected neuron against OGD injury.ConclusionsIschemic neurons release sFasL, which contributes to M1‐microglial polarization. The underlying mechanisms may involve the activation of JAK2/STAT3 and NF‐κB signaling pathways.
Statin use may reduce lower extremity peak force via reduced engagement in muscle‐strengthening activities
Authors: Loenneke Jeremy P. , Loprinzi Paul D. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryStain use is often associated with an increased likelihood of musculoskeletal complications such as injuries and pain. Consequently, it is plausible to suggest that statin use may indirectly influence lower extremity muscular strength via reduced engagement in muscle‐strengthening activities (MSA). However, this has yet to be examined. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine whether statin use was associated with muscular strength via engagement in MSA. Data from the 1999–2002 NHANES were used, with 2775 adults (50–85 years) constituting the analytic sample. Statin use was assessed from an interviewer, engagement in MSA (e.g. resistance training) was assessed via survey and lower extremity isokinetic knee extension strength (IKES) was assessed objectively using the Kin Com MP dynamometer. Weighted multivariable linear regression analysis showed no direct association between statin use and IKES (βadjusted = 7·0 newton ∆, P = 0·23). Statin use, however, was associated with a 35% reduced odds of engaging in MSA (ORadjusted = 0·65, P = 0·04), and engaging in MSA was positively associated with IKES (βadjusted = 19·9 newton ∆, P = 0·001). The bootstrap Barron and Kenny mediational analysis indeed demonstrated that statin use was indirectly associated with IKES via MSA (indirect effect coefficient: −0·005; 95% CI: −0·01 to −0·001; P<0·05). Statin use was not directly associated with IKES, but was indirectly associated with IKES via MSA. In conclusion, statin use may decrease muscle force by influencing engagement in MSA. We wish to suggest that a decrease in MSA may be related to an increase in muscle pain associated with statin therapy.