bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of lichen planopilaris with cardiovascular and metabolic disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chuang Kai-Wen , Huang Shiu-Wen , Chang Hua-Ching 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Lichen planopilaris (LPP) is among the most common types of immune-mediated scarring alopecia. Observational studies have reported conflicting findings regarding the association of LPP with different comorbidities.

Objectives
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to elucidate the association between LPP and different cardiovascular and metabolic disorders.

Methods
We systematically searched four electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane Library) for relevant studies published from their inception to 1 August 2024. A random-effects model was used to perform a pooled analysis and calculate odds ratios or incidence rate ratios with 95% confidence intervals.

Results
The meta-analysis included 10 case–control studies involving 7516 patients with LPP and 64 719 097 controls. The results demonstrated no significant associations between LPP and hypertension, diabetes mellitus or hyperlipidaemia. The results of the pooled analyses also revealed that patients with LPP did not have significantly higher risks of obesity or heart failure than did controls. All pooled analyses revealed high levels of heterogeneity across the studies, but no significant publication bias was detected.

Conclusions
LPP is not significantly associated with most cardiovascular and metabolic disorders, including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidaemia, obesity and heart failure.
Judicialization of Global Climate Governance: In Defence of the Paris Agreement
Authors: Rovnov Yury 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This article questions the effect that the delegation of global climate governance to the international judiciary may have on climate action. It argues that the underlying premise of the judicialization movement—namely, the existence of a broad international consensus as to the objectives of global climate change risk management—is contradicted by evidence, such as political declarations by governments, countries’ nationally determined contributions, and domestic court judgments. Governments brought to court resist propositions that domestic or international legal norms subject them to quantitative emission reduction obligations that can be “objectively” determined on the basis of best available science, and national judiciaries make conflicting findings on the implications of science for climate policy. In this context, renouncement of the “bottom-up” Paris model which was designed specifically to address the complex landscape of diverse interests and risk perceptions across world regions and societies may have a chilling, rather than galvanizing, effect on climate action.
Impact over metrics: Turing and the ultimate contribution of cryptology
Authors: Furnell Steven 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Amongst his many lasting contributions, Alan Turing’s name is strongly linked to the domain of cryptology, particularly due to his pioneering wartime work in cryptanalysis. However, the fact that his work remained classified until many years later has arguably limited its wider influence on the science of cryptology. Nonetheless, while his research was never able to be properly referenced until many years later, its resulting impact is arguably greater than much that followed it. This article summarizes Turing’s crypto work and considers his contribution from this perspective.
Impact of ticagrelor with or without aspirin on total and recurrent bleeding and ischaemic events after percutaneous coronary intervention: a sub-study of the TWILIGHT trial
Authors: Baber Usman , Cao Davide , Collier Timothy , Sartori Samantha , Dangas George , Angiolillo Dominick J , Vogel Birgit , Kunadian Vijay , Briguori Carlo , Cohen David J , Dudek Dariusz , Gibson C Michael , Gil Robert , Huber Kurt , Kaul Upendra , Kornowski Ran , Krucoff Mitchell W , Mehta Shamir , Moliterno David J , Ohman E Magnus , Escaned Javier , Sardella Gennaro , Sharma Samin K , Shlofmitz Richard , Weisz Giora , Witzenbichler Bernhard , Steg P Gabriel , Pocock Stuart , Mehran Roxana 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Aims
In standard time-to-first event analysis, early aspirin discontinuation followed by ticagrelor monotherapy has been shown to reduce bleeding without increasing ischaemic complications compared with ticagrelor plus aspirin after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We evaluated whether these treatment effects are preserved when recurrent events are considered.

Methods and results
In this TWILIGHT trial post-hoc analysis, we assessed the effects of ticagrelor monotherapy on the total number of events that occurred over the 12-month follow-up among 7119 high-risk patients randomized to aspirin or placebo in addition to ticagrelor at 3 months post-PCI if event-free and adherent to treatment. There were 391 patients with at least one Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) type 2, 3, or 5 bleeding (primary endpoint). Of those, 28 (7.2%) had a recurrent event. The total number of BARC 2, 3, or 5 bleeding events was 148 in the ticagrelor monotherapy arm compared with 278 with ticagrelor plus aspirin arm (P &lt; 0.001). Among 272 patients with at least one key secondary ischaemic endpoint (all-cause death, myocardial infarction, or stroke), 37 (13.6%) sustained a recurrent event. Total ischaemic events were similar (155 vs. 159) in the two groups.

Conclusion
Among selected high-risk patients who underwent PCI and completed 3 months of dual antiplatelet therapy followed by ticagrelor with or without aspirin, recurrent bleeding was less common than recurrent ischaemic events over 12 months. Analysis of total events indicates that ticagrelor monotherapy continues to be more effective than ticagrelor plus aspirin in reducing bleeding without a signal of ischaemic harm.
Polymer-interface-tissue model to estimate leachable release from medical devices
Authors: Tanaka Martin L , Saylor David M , Elder Robert M 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The ability to predict clinically relevant exposure to potentially hazardous compounds that can leach from polymeric components can help reduce testing needed to evaluate the biocompatibility of medical devices. In this manuscript, we compare two physics-based exposure models: 1) a simple, one-component model that assumes the only barrier to leaching is the migration of the compound through the polymer matrix and 2) a more clinically relevant, two-component model that also considers partitioning across the polymer–tissue interface and migration in the tissue away from the interface. Using data from the literature, the variation of the model parameters with key material properties were established, enabling the models to be applied to a wide range of combinations of leachable compound, polymer matrix and tissue type. Exposure predictions based on the models suggest that the models are indistinguishable over much of the range of clinically relevant scenarios. However, for systems with low partitioning and/or slow tissue diffusion, the two-component model predicted up to three orders of magnitude less mass release over the same time period. Thus, despite the added complexity, in some scenarios it can be beneficial to use the two-component model to provide more clinically relevant estimates of exposure to leachable substances from implanted devices.
Longitudinal exposure to antiseizure medications shape gut-derived microbiome, resistome, and metabolome landscape
Authors: Dop Camille , Auvin Stéphane , Mondot Stanislas , Lepage Patricia , Ilhan Zehra Esra 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The influence of chronically administered host-targeted drugs on the gut microbiome remains less understood compared to antibiotics. We investigated repetitive exposure effects of three common antiseizure medications [carbamazepine (CBZ), valproic acid, and levetiracetam] on the gut microbial composition, resistome, and metabolome using microcosms constructed from feces of young children. Microcosms were established by cultivating feces for 24 h (C0). These microcosms were daily transferred into fresh media for seven cycles (C1–C7) with antiseizure medications or carrier molecules, followed by four cycles without any drugs (C8–C11). The microbial dynamics and resistome of microcosms at C0, C1, C7, and C11 were assessed with 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene sequencing or shotgun metagenome sequencing and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of the antimicrobial resistance genes, respectively. Metabolites of CBZ-treated and control microcosms at C0, C1, and C7 were evaluated using non-targeted metabolomics. Our findings revealed that the serial transfer approach longitudinally altered the microcosm composition. Among the medications, CBZ had the most substantial impact on the structure and metabolism of the feces-derived microcosms. The microbiome composition partially recovered during the drug-free period. Specifically, Bacteroides and Flavonifractor were depleted and Escherichia and Clostridium were enriched. Additionally, repetitive CBZ exposure increased the abundance and expression of genes related to various antibiotic resistance mechanisms, more specifically, efflux pumps and antibiotic target alteration. CBZ-induced changes in the microbiome were mirrored in the metabolome, with reductions in the citric acid cycle metabolites, glutamine, and spermidine, alongside increased levels of vitamin B6. Our study suggests that repetitive CBZ exposure may negatively impact gut microbial homeostasis and metabolism.
Dalbavancin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis in vivo selection following a prosthetic joint infection: phenotypic and genomic characterization
Authors: Ruffier d’Epenoux L , Barbier P , Fayoux E , Guillouzouic A , Lecomte R , Deschanvres C , Nich C , Bémer P , Grégoire M , Corvec S 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Dalbavancin is a lipoglycopeptide antibiotic with a wide spectrum of activity against Gram-positive bacteria, including MDR isolates. Its pharmacokinetic properties and administration patterns could be useful for the treatment of bone and joint infections, especially prosthetic joint infections (PJIs).

Introduction
We report the case of an 80-year-old man who experienced an acute periprosthetic joint infection of his right total knee arthroplasty (TKA). A DAIR procedure was done with tissue sampling, which allowed identification of a linezolid-resistant MDR S. epidermidis (LR-MDRSE) strain. The patient was then treated with dalbavancin (four injections).

Methods
We studied the phenotypic and genomic evolution of the strains and plasma through concentrations of dalbavancin at different points in time.

Results
After four injections (1500 mg IV) of dalbavancin over a 6 month period, the dalbavancin MIC increased 4-fold. Calculated fAUC0–24/MIC ratios were 945, 1239 and 766.5, respectively, at Days 49, 71 and 106, assuming an MIC of 0.032 mg/L. The PFGE dendrogram revealed 97% similarity among all the isolates. These results suggest acquisition by the S. epidermidis strain of dalbavancin resistance when the patient underwent dalbavancin treatment. A 4-amino-acid deletion in the walK gene coinciding with the emergence of phenotypic resistance was revealed by WGS without any other relevant indels.

Conclusions
Despite dalbavancin treatment with pharmacokinetic management, emerging dalbavancin resistance in S. epidermidis was observed, resulting in treatment failure. This outcome led to a prosthesis revision and long-term suppressive antibiotic therapy, with no recurrence of PJI after an 18 month follow-up.
An overview of the development of termite baits in the past 3 decades
Authors: Su Nan-Yao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Since the commercialization in 1995, termite baits have been introduced in 32 countries, protecting over 3.7 million homes and reducing pesticide use by more than 11,100 metric tons. Over the past 3 decades, advancements have been made to address the limitations of bait systems, including improvements in bait toxicants, bait matrices, and the frequency of required site visits. Termite baits have been applied in both commercial and experimental area-wide projects. This article discusses the factors contributing to the success of these projects and the key elements driving the progress and advancements in termite bait technology.
Interpreting the Child’s Right to Protection from Violence in the South African Context in Line with International Law Obligations
Authors: Mesthrie Sapna 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This article considers whether the South African government is currently meeting its obligations under international law to take appropriate legislative, administrative, social and educational measures to protect children from all forms of violence. Research has consistently demonstrated that exposure to violence at a young age can have an immense negative impact on children’s survival and future development. Accordingly, adopting and implementing effective measures to eliminate violence against children is a pressing concern, especially in the South African context. With these objectives in mind, this article evaluates the South African Children’s Act 38 of 2005 and the National Childcare and Protection Policy 2021, in light of the obligations contained in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, with a focus on prevention and early intervention strategies.
The apodotic wāw in Qurʾānic Arabic
Authors: Moqbel Tareq 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This article discusses the usage and semantic function of the apodotic wāw in Qurʾānic Arabic. It takes as its starting point the usage of the same particle in the Hebrew Bible, and goes on to survey the discourse about it in the classical treatises of Arabic grammar. It then analyses a number of Qurʾānic passages where the exegetical literature discussed whether a wāw is (or could be) marking an apodosis. By demonstrating the interpretive options enabled by the apodotic wāw, the article argues—pace the classical Arabic grammarians and Qurʾān exegetes, many of whom denied its existence outright—that this particle is not simply superfluous. Rather, the article contends that the apodotic wāw creates a space for ambiguity, and thereby expands the range of hermeneutical possibilities. In presenting this argument, the article suggests that the function of the apodotic wāw in the Qurʾān closely resembles its function in the Hebrew Bible.
Recent advancement and human tissue applications of volume electron microscopy
Authors: Abe Makoto , Ohno Nobuhiko 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Structural observations are essential for the advancement of life science. Volume electron microscopy has recently realized remarkable progress in the three-dimensional analyses of biological specimens for elucidating complex ultrastructures in several fields of life science. The advancements in volume electron microscopy technologies have led to improvements, including higher resolution, more stability and the ability to handle larger volumes. Although human applications of volume electron microscopy remain limited, the reported applications in various organs have already provided previously unrecognized features of human tissues and also novel insights of human diseases. Simultaneously, the application of volume electron microscopy to human studies faces challenges, including ethical and clinical hurdles, costs of data storage and analysis, and efficient and automated imaging methods for larger volume. Solutions including the use of residual clinical specimens and data analysis based on artificial intelligence would address those issues and establish the role of volume electron microscopy in human structural research. Future advancements in volume electron microscopy are anticipated to lead to transformative discoveries in basic research and clinical practice, deepening our understanding of human health and diseases for better diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus addition on soil respiration in a soybean cropping system
Authors: Yang Jingyuan , Xu Qi , He Yuxuan , Jiang Meiguang , Ji Minglu , Qi Linyu , Qi Huan , Zhao Cancan , Miao Yuan , Liu Shasha , Sun Yanfeng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Soil respiration is an important pathway of carbon release from the terrestrial biosphere to the atmosphere, which plays a key role in ecosystem carbon cycling. However, the response and mechanism of soil respiration to nitrogen and phosphorus addition in legume plants are still unclear. Here, a pot experiment planted with soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) was conducted to investigate the effects of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) addition on soil respiration. Four treatments were designed: control, N addition, P addition, and both N and P addition. Soil respiration was measured twice a month from June to September in 2022. Our results showed that nutrient addition treatments presented significantly negative effects on soil respiration. In particular, nitrogen addition not only directly affected soil respiration, but also indirectly impacted soil respiration by altering soil nitrate nitrogen content. Elevated soil nitrate nitrogen content could inhibit soybean root nodule number and reduce biomass allocation to roots, thereby decreasing soil respiration. Furthermore, phosphorus addition and nitrogen–phosphorus co-addition strongly inhibited soybean nodulation by changing soil pH value, thus inhibiting soil respiration of soybean. The findings provide baseline information for optimizing nutrient management in legume crops.
The Transition to Adulthood: A Qualitative Study of Autism Spectrum Disorder From Military and Veteran Parents and Military-Dependent Young Adults
Authors: Pagán Antonio F , Montenegro Mara C , Ahlenius Mark , Ramirez Ana C , Ortiz Miriam , Bernal Estefani , Montiel-Nava Cecilia , Bittner Jennifer , Loveland Katherine A , Acierno Ron E 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Given the unique experiences of military service members and their families, military-dependent young adults (18–25 years old) with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and their military or veteran families experience unique barriers to accessing quality mental health care during the transition to adulthood. In fact, developing services to address ASD challenges for military families is a burgeoning area of interest for the department of defense. However, there is a limited knowledge on the specific needs of military families as the young adult’s transition outside of high school and lose supports.

Materials and Methods
The present study conducted 3 focus groups with 16 military and veteran parents, and 3 focus groups with 10 military-dependent young adults to evaluate the needs of military-dependent young adults (17–25 years old) with ASD and military/veteran parents with a young adult with ASD.

Results
Parents reported several key topics, including barriers to services (e.g., permanent change of station, recently moving to a state and lacking awareness of the available resources), defining adulthood in terms working in a cohesive family structure, and therapy recommendations for parents and young adults with ASD transitioning to adulthood. Young adults provided key information, including describing experiences with having a parent in the military, difficulty accessing services during the transition to adulthood, and recommendations on therapy for military-dependent young adults with ASD.

Conclusion
Military and veteran families with autistic dependents lack access to important mental-health resources. When developing programs for military families and military-dependent autistic young adults, mental health providers should consider the frequent relocations, lack of access to important transition resources, and common military values. The presence of advocates at military bases should be encouraged to help military families navigate autism services in their local community.
Under-documented micro species and the end of Carolinian endemism: bivalves of the Waccamaw Formation (basal Pleistocene, S.E. USA)
Authors: Campbell Timothy 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
The Waccamaw Formation is a Gelasian (basal Pleistocene, 2.5–1.8 Ma) muddy shell-sand found in patches in southeastern North Carolina and northeastern South Carolina, USA. It has a diverse molluscan fauna but has never been monographed. Previous studies documented about 650 species of molluscs, including about 215 bivalves. Extensive sampling of three sites and examination of other unpublished collections has increased those figures to 1,250 and 335 species, respectively. In addition to numerous geographical and chronological range extensions, this study has also discovered 52 undescribed species of bivalves and 8 apparently undescribed genera of bivalves (two of those are extant and known from previous studies) and 9 families of bivalves new to the formation. Galeommatoidea has seen the greatest increase in documented diversity, going from 21 to 53 species known from the formation; the next most dramatic is Anomalodesmata, going from 14 to 32 species known to be present. The molluscan fauna of the Waccamaw Formation has a species richness more typical of tropical areas, but with a distinctive mix of subtropical shallow to mid-shelf taxa, and a few typically cold-water groups. The Recent fauna in the region with the most comparable average water temperature, South Carolina to northern Florida, has much lower diversity (about 775 species of molluscs, with about 280 of them bivalves) and lower endemism (almost no recent endemics) in a comparable amount of geographic area to the Waccamaw Formation deposits. A dramatic drop in typical winter water temperatures c. 1.8–1.7 Ma seems to be the most likely cause for these changes. Bivalve groups which have had the greatest drop in regional diversity are Noetiidae, Carditidae, Astartidae, Galeommatoidea, Ungulinidae and Pandoridae. Contrastingly, the local diversities of Arcidae, Mytiloidea, Lucinidae, Cardiidae and Pholadidae have all increased between the Gelasian and the recent, overwhelmingly through northwards range expansions.
The Molecular Tumor Board Turns 10: The Age of Complexity
Authors: Wahida Adam , Kurzrock Razelle 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Gene sequencing has brought a titanic of complex data into clinical precision oncology. Deciphering this complexity for practice requires new constructs. In 2014, the Molecular Tumor Board (MTB) was introduced into the literature by a publication in The Oncologist. Ten years later, MTBs have become globally established vehicles that integrate rapidly emerging “omic” information, helping to transform cancer management.