bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fungal Enzymes and Yeasts for Conversion of Plant Biomass to Bioenergy and High-Value Products
Authors: Lange Lene 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT
Fungi and fungal enzymes play important roles in the new bioeconomy. Enzymes from filamentous fungi can unlock the potential of recalcitrant lignocellulose structures of plant cell walls as a new resource, and fungi such as yeast can produce bioethanol from the sugars released after enzyme treatment. Such processes reflect inherent characteristics of the fungal way of life, namely, that fungi as heterotrophic organisms must break down complex carbon structures of organic materials to satisfy their need for carbon and nitrogen for growth and reproduction. This chapter describes major steps in the conversion of plant biomass to value-added products. These products provide a basis for substituting fossil-derived fuels, chemicals, and materials, as well as unlocking the biomass potential of the agricultural harvest to yield more food and feed. This article focuses on the mycological basis for the fungal contribution to biorefinery processes, which are instrumental for improved resource efficiency and central to the new bioeconomy. Which types of processes, inherent to fungal physiology and activities in nature, are exploited in the new industrial processes? Which families of the fungal kingdom and which types of fungal habitats and ecological specializations are hot spots for fungal biomass conversion? How can the best fungal enzymes be found and optimized for industrial use? How can they be produced most efficiently—in fungal expression hosts? How have industrial biotechnology and biomass conversion research contributed to mycology and environmental research? Future perspectives and approaches are listed, highlighting the importance of fungi in development of the bioeconomy.
Development, validity and reliability testing of the East Midlands Evaluation Tool (EMET) for measuring impacts on trainees’ confidence and competence following end of life care training
Authors: Whittaker B , Parry R , Bird L , Watson S , Faull C 
Published: February 2017

ObjectivesTo develop, test and validate a versatile questionnaire, the East Midlands Evaluation Tool (EMET), for measuring effects of end of life care training events on trainees’ self-reported confidence and competence.MethodsA paper-based questionnaire was designed on the basis of the English Department of Health's core competences for end of life care, with sections for completion pretraining, immediately post-training and also for longer term follow-up. Preliminary versions were field tested at 55 training events delivered by 13 organisations to 1793 trainees working in diverse health and social care backgrounds. Iterative rounds of development aimed to maximise relevance to events and trainees. Internal consistency was assessed by calculating interitem correlations on questionnaire responses during field testing. Content validity was assessed via qualitative content analysis of (1) responses to questionnaires completed by field tester trainers and (2) field notes from a workshop with a separate cohort of experienced trainers. Test–retest reliability was assessed via repeat administration to a cohort of student nurses.ResultsThe EMET comprises 27 items with Likert-scaled responses supplemented with questions seeking free-text responses. It measures changes in self-assessed confidence and competence on 5 subscales: communication skills; assessment and care planning; symptom management; advance care planning; overarching values and knowledge. Test–retest reliability was found to be good, as was internal consistency: the questions successfully assess different aspects of the same underlying concept.ConclusionsThe EMET provides a time-efficient, reliable and flexible means of evaluating effects of training on self-reported confidence and competence in the key elements of end of life care.
The acid crater lake of Taal Volcano, Philippines: hydrogeochemical and hydroacoustic data related to the 2010–11 volcanic unrest
Authors: Hernández Pedro A. , Melián Gladys V. , Somoza Luis , Arpa Mª Carmencita , Pérez Nemesio M. , Bariso Ericson , Sumino Hirochicka , Padrón Eleazar , Varekamp Johan C. , Albert-Beltran José , Solidum Renato 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

Studies of the water chemistry of Taal crater lake and echo-sounding surveys have provided new insights into its chemical and physical dynamics. During the volcano-seismic unrest of April 2010–June 2011, the waters of Taal crater lake showed changes in chemical composition and increases in CO
2
emissions associated with the seismic unrest. The chemical and isotopic data show that the lake water has contributions from both seawater and meteoric water and receives injections of deep hydrothermal water and gases during periods of intense volcano-seismic unrest. These inflationary periods may lead to faulting of the impermeable cap rock that usually seals the deeper Taal hydrothermal reservoir in response to degassing and convective movements in the underlying Taal magma chamber.
28th ACM International Conference on Hypertext and Social Media
Authors: Dolog Peter , Vojtas Peter , Bonchi Francesco , Helic Denis 
Published: February 2017

The 28th 2017 ACM international conference on Hypertext and Social Media will be held in Prague, Czech Republic, from July 4 to 7. This newsletter article briefly introduces the conference and its venue.
We hope to meet you all at Hypertext 2017!
https://ht.acm.org/ht2017/
Attribution of the Observed Spring Snowpack Decline in British Columbia to Anthropogenic Climate Change
Authors: Najafi Mohammad Reza , Zwiers Francis , Gillett Nathan 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
A detection and attribution analysis on the multidecadal trend in snow water equivalent (SWE) has been conducted in four river basins located in British Columbia (BC). Monthly output from a suite of 10 general circulation models (GCMs) that participated in phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) is used, including 40 climate simulations with anthropogenic and natural forcing combined (ALL), 40 simulations with natural forcing alone (NAT), and approximately 4200 yr of preindustrial control simulations (CTL). This output was downscaled to ° spatial resolution and daily temporal resolution to drive the Variable Infiltration Capacity hydrologic model (VIC). Observed (manual snow survey) and VIC-reconstructed SWE, which exhibit declines across BC, are projected onto the multimodel ensemble means of the VIC-simulated SWE based on the responses to different forcings using an optimal fingerprinting approach. Results of the detection and attribution analysis shows that these declines are attributable to the anthropogenic forcing, which is dominated by the effect of increases in greenhouse gas concentration, and that they are not caused by natural forcing due to volcanic activity and solar variability combined. Anthropogenic influence is detected in three of the four basins (Fraser, Columbia, and Campbell Rivers) based on the VIC-reconstructed SWE, and in all basins based on the manual snow survey records. The simulations underestimate the observed snowpack trends in the Columbia River basin, which has the highest mean elevation. Attribution is supported by the detection of human influence on the cold-season temperatures that drive the snowpack reductions. These results are robust to the use of different observed datasets and to the treatment of low-frequency variability effects.
A Shot Number Based Approach to Performance Analysis in Table Tennis
Authors: Tamaki Sho , Yoshida Kazuto , Yamada Koshi 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The current study proposes a novel approach that improves the conventional performance analysis in table tennis by introducing the concept of frequency, or the number of shots, of each shot number. The improvements over the conventional method are as follows: better accuracy of the evaluation of skills and tactics of players, additional insights into scoring and returning skills and ease of understanding the results with a single criterion. The performance analysis of matches played at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London was conducted using the proposed method. The results showed some effects of the shot number and gender differences in table tennis. Furthermore, comparisons were made between Chinese players and players from other countries, what threw light on the skills and tactics of the Chinese players. The present findings demonstrate that the proposed method provides useful information and has some advantages over the conventional method.
Trauma or Entertainment? Collective Memories of the NATO Bombing of Serbia
Authors: Rácz Krisztina 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
This article addresses trauma, its absence, and the creation of a collective memory among the contributors to the journal Symposion following the 1999 bombing of Serbia. By examining the group’s e-mails and conducting interviews with some of its members, it explores how their shared narrative patt erns constitute a mnemonic community, and asks what are the shared cultural frameworks that create a space for collective remembering within that community. The article argues that past and current politics of memory in Serbia have been built on discourses of a victimized nation and therefore do not recognize the specific ethnic, class or gender positions of individuals as they were during the bombing. Conversely, the national discourse on memorializing the bombing fails to articulate individual experiences and commemorative practices. This article therefore aims to present and analyse some of them.
Experiencia de caries y calidad de vida de jóvenes en situación de encierro
Authors: Barnetche Maria Marcela , Cornejo Lila Susana 
Published: February 2017

Objetivo Evaluar el impacto de la experiencia de caries en la calidad de vida de jóvenes institucionalizados del Área correccional de Córdoba, Argentina.Método Se realizó examen clínico a 70 jóvenes, se determinó el índice de experiencia de caries CPOD y tipo de tratamiento necesario. Y se aplicó el cuestionario del perfil de impacto de salud oral OHIP 49.Resultados El estudio de los 70 jóvenes de la muestra presentó la media de elementos presentes en boca fue 28,1 ± 1,53; índice CPOD fue de 8,9±4.75; Cariados: 7,4±4,26; Perdidos: 0,6 ± 0,91 y Obturados: 0,9±1,97; y el 67,14 % necesita tratamiento de rehabilitación. El OHIP49 mostró mayor impacto en las dimensiones de: disconfort psicológico 52,86 %, limitación funcional 47,14 %, dolor físico 40 %, incapacidad física 41,43 %. Menor impacto tuvieron las dimensiones incapacidad psicológica 28,57 %, incapacidad social 21,43 %; y en desventaja 22,86 %.Conclusión La experiencia de caries produce un impacto medio en la calidad de vida de estos jóvenes, siendo el dolor físico su principal responsable.
Aprendiendo sobre determinantes sociales de la salud a través de crónicas, mediante un ambiente virtual de aprendizaje
Authors: Restrepo Palacio Sonia , Amaya Guio Jairo 
Published: February 2017

Objetivo Describir la contribución de una estrategia pedagógica basada en construcción de crónicas mediante un Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizaje en la formación en determinantes sociales de la salud en estudiantes de medicina de la Universidad de La Sabana,Metodología Estudio descriptivo con enfoque cualitativo y diseño e implementación de un Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizaje basado en el modelo instruccional ADDIE.Resultados Se implementó un Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizaje con un diseño instruccional basado en las 5 fases del modelo ADDIE, fundamentado en el aprendizaje significativo y en la corriente social constructivista, mediante la estrategia pedagógica de la narrativa de crónicas o historias de vida. Durante el curso se abordaron los determinantes estructurales y los intermediarios. Se recibieron 9 crónicas producto de los grupos de trabajo conformados por 4 o 5 estudiantes que evidencian un aprendizaje significativo a partir de historias de la vida real, presentan una secuencia coherente, guardan un hilo conductor y el 82 % de ellas incorporan en su contenido la mayoría de los determinantes sociales de la salud, destacando en su contenido los conceptos de equidad o inequidad, la igualdad o desigualdad, justicia o injusticia y la cohesión social.Conclusiones Un Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizaje, basado en un diseño instruccional adecuado, permite a través de un enfoque pedagógico constructivista facilitar el aprendizaje de los determinantes sociales de la salud a través del análisis de crónicas o historias de vida, construidas por estudiantes de noveno semestre de medicina de la Universidad de La Sabana.
Active hybrid materials by nanoscale chemistry
Authors: Boilot Jean-Pierre , Besson Sophie , Buissette Valerie , Gacoin Thierry , Huignard Arnaud , Ricolleau Christian 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe present different arrangments of hybrid nano-objects for optical applications:- Highly concentrated luminescent colloids (II-VI quantum dots, YVO4:Ln) are prepared and stabilized through the grafting of organic molecules at their surface. These nanocrystals can further be used for the synthesis of well defined nanomaterials. For instance, highly luminescent transparent films for integrated optics are obtained by using YVO4:Ln nanocrystal- silica composites.- 3D random networks of quantum dots are prepared by gelation of colloids. As in the silica system, the transparent percolating structure can be described as homogeneous assemblies of fractal clusters whose sizes are inferior to visible-range wavelength.- 3D ordered arrays of quantum dots are prepared by a confined growth of nanocrystals in mesoporous silica films. Using these templates, the 3D ordering of nanoparticles can be extended at a large scale on different substrates. These high density arrangments of nanocrystals are required in different applications such as nonlinear optics or semiconductor lasers.
Luminescence Properties of Rare-Earth Ions in Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Mesostructured Thin Films
Authors: Franville Anne-Christine , Dunn Bruce , Zink Jeffrey I. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis paper describes the preparation of hybrid surfactant-templated thin films functionalized with rare-earth (Eu3+ and Tb3+) organic complexes. 2-D hexagonally ordered films are obtained by a one-pot synthesis process based on an acid-catalyzed approach. Ln3+ ions are coordinated to bis-silylated ligands that co-polymerize with TEOS, which enables one to incorporate the fluorescent centers within the silica framework. Luminescent properties of the organic-inorganic mesostructured films are discussed and compared to those of amorphous samples with similar composition.
Hybrid organic-inorganic materials designed to clean wash water in photographic processing: Genesis of a sol-gel industrial product: the Kodak Water Saving Treatment System
Authors: Guilment Jean , Martin Didier , Poncelet Olivier 
Published: February 2017

AbstractEnvironmental laws concerning the water are becoming more and more stringent year after year in European Union (AT2950 France, Legge Merli in Italy). The classical silver halide photoprocessing requires at least 3 steps which are the development, the fixing and the wash. The washing step uses a large amount of water which is discarded in the sewer. By July 2000 a new French regulation imposed that the volume of wash water has to be divided by 5 and the nature of pollutants (silver in different species) has to be maintained below 1 mg/L. The Kodak Water Saving Treatment System has been designed to help our customers to be in compliance with the law. This system has two functions, the release of a biocide cocktail and the trapping of silver. Two aluminosilicate gels (imogolite -like material) allow the treatment to occur, the first one releases biocides in the water flow and allows the processor to remain clean, the second one which is an hybrid organic-inorganic composite (imogolite modified by a controlled hydrolysis of a mercaptoalkyl silicium alkoxide) allows to trap silver. These gels are extremely robust versus time and chemical environment (pH). This paper will describe the synthetic way, the gel system characterization (Raman) and the obtained performances in various configurations after one year on the market. Other applications of these hybrid organic -inorganic composites in photographic fields will be also discussed.
A DFT-Study of Structure and Properties of Amorphous SiCN
Authors: Kroll Peter 
Published: February 2017

AbstractStructures and properties of amorphous silicon carbonitride (a-SiCN) materials are studied using density functional methods. Topologicaly different models of a-SiCN with 112-156 atoms each were generated from continuous alternating random networks. The networks have distinct topologies which result in a different chemical bonding in the investigated structural models. A first model consists of Si-N and Si-C bonds only. For such materials with “anionic” carbon we found the highest bulk modulus. However, the network strain is largely due to the high SiC content, resulting in bond ruputre and redistribution in the amorphous structure. A second model consists of Si-N and C-N bonds only. We found that a tetrahedral coordination of “cationic” carbon in such a compound is unstable at elevated temperatures, as indicated by Car-Parrinello molecular dynamic (CPMD) simulations. A third model consists of amorphous Si3N4 as host structure and a segregation of graphitic C inside a pore. Such a model, although low in density, has an enlarged bulk modulus, comparable to the “anionic” model.
Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of Thermal Stability of HfO2/Si and HfO2/SiO2 Interfaces
Authors: Liu Chun-Li , Stoker Matt , Hegde Rama I. , Rai Raghaw S. , Tobin Philip J. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe assessment of the thermal stability across HfO2/Si and HfO2/SiO2 interfaces has been difficult due to lack of thermodynamic data. In this paper, we present the results of thermodynamic calculations intended to fill this gap. A thermodynamic model was developed by assuming that HfSiO4 is an ideal solution of HfO2 and SiO2 to a first order approximation. The theoretical results predict that the HfO2/Si interface is thermodynamically stable up to 1100°C, while the HfO2/SiO2 interface is thermodynamically unstable even at room temperature. Our experimental results from TEM and XPS analysis are consistent with these modeling predictions.
Calculation of Normalized Pinning Force and Nature of Pinning Mechanism for Nano-Al Doped MgB2 Superconductor
Authors: Ansari Intikhab A. 
Published: February 2017

The Jc(H) of nano-Al doped MgB2 samples has been calculated from M(H) loop measurements at different temperatures. Normalized volume pinning forces as a function of the reduced field have been analyzed at different temperatures and doping level which was taken from the Jc(H) data. The modified scaling law was used as discussed by the Eisterer to analyze the pinning forces. This law was compared with the scaling law used by the Fietz and co-worker. The grain boundary pinning is found the dominant pinning mechanism in all the doped samples and exhibit the scaling behavior. The XRD and temperature dependence of resistivity confirms the successful substitution of nano-Al at Mg sites. The results endorse that the magnetic anisotropy decreased from pure to the dirty limit with the doping of the nano-Al. The enhancement in the Jc(H) of the sample with the nano-Al doping is due to decrease in the anisotropy and increase in the volume pinning forces. The 2 % nano-Al doped sample between 15–30K shows the highest Jc(H) among all the samples.
Business Strategy, Internal Control over Financial Reporting, and Audit Reporting Quality
Authors: Bentley-Goode Kathleen A. , Newton Nathan J. , Thompson Anne M. 
Published: February 2017

SUMMARY
This study examines whether a company's business strategy is an underlying determinant of the strength of its internal control over financial reporting (ICFR) and auditors' internal control reporting quality. Organizational theory suggests that companies following an innovative “prospector” strategy are likely to have weaker internal controls than companies following an efficient “defender” strategy. Consistent with theory, we find that firms with greater prospector-like characteristics are more likely to report and less likely to remediate material weaknesses, incremental to known determinants of material weaknesses. We also find that auditors' internal control reporting quality is lower among clients with greater prospector-like characteristics when measured using the timeliness of reported material weaknesses. Our findings indicate that business strategy is a useful summary indicator for evaluating companies' internal control strength and suggest that internal control reporting is an important area for audit quality improvement among prospector-like clients.
JEL Classifications: D21; 21; M41.
Data Availability: Data are obtained from public sources as indicated in the text.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON CANINE PARVOVIRUS INFECTION OF DOG IN BANGLADESH AND INDIA
Authors: Hasan M. M. , Jalal M. S. , Bayzid M. , Sharif M. A. M. , Masuduzzaman M. 
Published: February 2017

A comparative study on Canine Parvovirus (CPV) infection among the hospitalized dogs at Central Veterinary Hospital (CVH) in Bangladesh and Veterinary College and Research Institute-Madras Veterinary College (VCRI-MVC) in India was conducted during a period of January and July 2015. A total of 270 (80 at CVH and 190 at VCRI-MVC) hospitalized dogs of different breeds were clinically examined. The key clinical signs observed among the CPV infected dogs were bloody diarrhoea (90.4%), vomition (94.5%) and dehydration (severe 85.7%, moderate 10.0% and mild 7.6%). The overall prevalence of CPV infection was higher in VCRI-MVC (42.7%) than CVH (31.2%). The prevalence of CPV was varied significantly (P<0.05) among different age groups, vaccinated and non-vaccinated dogs. Highest prevalence was found 1-3 months (48.7%) old dogs, in compare with 4-6 months (17.2%) and over 6 months (8.3%) old dogs. Highest prevalence was also found in non-vaccinated than vaccinated dogs at CVH, Bangladesh. In VCRI-MVC, India rate of infection also varied significantly (P<0.05) in different age groups (57.4%, 28.9%, 10.0% among 1-3 months, 4-6 months and> 6 months respectively) and 13.2% in vaccinated and 64.4% in non-vaccinated groups. Significant (P<0.05) variation in prevalence of CPV also observed in different breeds- indigenous (50.0%), Spitz (28.2%), Lhasa (18.1%), Doberman (40.0%) and German Shepherd (46.6%).