bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward high solids loading process for lignocellulosic biofuel production at a low cost
Authors: Jin Mingjie , Sarks Cory , Bals Bryan D. , Posawatz Nick , Gunawan Christa , Dale Bruce E. , Balan Venkatesh 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTHigh solids loadings (>18 wt%) in enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation are desired for lignocellulosic biofuel production at a high titer and low cost. However, sugar conversion and ethanol yield decrease with increasing solids loading. The factor(s) limiting sugar conversion at high solids loading is not clearly understood. In the present study, we investigated the effect of solids loading on simultaneous saccharification and co‐fermentation (SSCF) of AFEX™ (ammonia fiber expansion) pretreated corn stover for ethanol production using a xylose fermenting strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae 424A(LNH‐ST). Decreased sugar conversion and ethanol yield with increasing solids loading were also observed. End‐product (ethanol) was proven to be the major cause of this issue and increased degradation products with increasing solids loading was also a cause. For the first time, we show that with in situ removal of end‐product by performing SSCF aerobically, sugar conversion stopped decreasing with increasing solids loading and monomeric sugar conversion reached as high as 93% at a high solids loading of 24.9 wt%. Techno‐economic analysis was employed to explore the economic possibilities of cellulosic ethanol production at high solids loadings. The results suggest that low‐cost in situ removal of ethanol during SSCF would significantly improve the economics of high solids loading processes. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 980–989. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Muscle RAS oncogene homolog (MRAS) recurrent mutation in Borrmann type IV gastric cancer
Authors: Yasumoto Makiko , Sakamoto Etsuko , Ogasawara Sachiko , Isobe Taro , Kizaki Junya , Sumi Akiko , Kusano Hironori , Akiba Jun , Torimura Takuji , Akagi Yoshito , Itadani Hiraku , Kobayashi Tsutomu , Hasako Shinichi , Kumazaki Masafumi , Mizuarai Shinji , Oie Shinji , Yano Hirohisa 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe prognosis of patients with Borrmann type IV gastric cancer (Type IV) is extremely poor. Thus, there is an urgent need to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the oncogenesis of Type IV and to identify new therapeutic targets. Although previous studies using whole‐exome and whole‐genome sequencing have elucidated genomic alterations in gastric cancer, none has focused on comprehensive genetic analysis of Type IV. To discover cancer‐relevant genes in Type IV, we performed whole‐exome sequencing and genome‐wide copy number analysis on 13 patients with Type IV. Exome sequencing identified 178 somatic mutations in protein‐coding sequences or at splice sites. Among the mutations, we found a mutation in muscle RAS oncogene homolog (MRAS), which is predicted to cause molecular dysfunction. MRAS belongs to the Ras subgroup of small G proteins, which includes the prototypic RAS oncogenes. We analyzed an additional 46 Type IV samples to investigate the frequency of MRAS mutation. There were eight nonsynonymous mutations (mutation frequency, 17%), showing that MRAS is recurrently mutated in Type IV. Copy number analysis identified six focal amplifications and one homozygous deletion, including insulin‐like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) amplification. The samples with IGF1R amplification had remarkably higher IGF1R mRNA and protein expression levels compared with the other samples. This is the first report of MRAS recurrent mutation in human tumor samples. Our results suggest that MRAS mutation and IGF1R amplification could drive tumorigenesis of Type IV and could be new therapeutic targets.
Marijuana use and inpatient outcomes among hospitalized patients: analysis of the nationwide inpatient sample database
Authors: Vin‐Raviv Neomi , Akinyemiju Tomi , Meng Qingrui , Sakhuja Swati , Hayward Reid 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between marijuana use and health outcomes among hospitalized patients, including those hospitalized with a diagnosis of cancer. A total of 387,608 current marijuana users were identified based on ICD‐9 codes for marijuana use among hospitalized patients in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database between 2007 and 2011. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the association between marijuana use and heart failure, cardiac disease, stroke, and in‐hospital mortality. All models were adjusted for age, gender, race, residential income, insurance, residential region, pain, and number of comorbidities. Among hospitalized patients, marijuana use was associated with a 60% increased odds of stroke (OR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.44–1.77) compared with non‐users, but significantly reduced odds of heart failure (OR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.75–0.82), cardiac disease (OR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.82–0.91), or in‐hospital mortality (OR: 0.41, 95% CI: 0.38–0.44). Among cancer patients, odds of in‐hospital mortality was significantly reduced among marijuana users compared with non‐users (OR: 0.44, 95% CI: 0.35–0.55). Hospitalized marijuana users were more likely to experience a stroke compared with non‐users, but less likely to experience in‐hospital mortality. Prospective studies will be needed to better characterize the health effects of marijuana use, especially among older, sicker, and/or hospitalized patients. In the meantime, conversations regarding marijuana use/misuse may be warranted in the clinical setting in order for patients and healthcare providers to adequately weigh the anticipated benefits of marijuana use with potentially significant health risks.
GPX3 methylation in bone marrow predicts adverse prognosis and leukemia transformation in myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Zhou Jing‐Dong , Lin Jiang , Zhang Ting‐Juan , Ma Ji‐Chun , Yang Lei , Wen Xiang‐Mei , Guo Hong , Yang Jing , Deng Zhao‐Qun , Qian Jun 
Published: November 2016

AbstractEpigenetic inactivation of GPX3 has been identified in various cancers including leukemia. Moreover, aberrant DNA methylation was also found as a dominant mechanism of disease progression in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). This study intended to explore GPX3 promoter methylation and its clinical relevance in 110 patients with MDS. GPX3 methylation was examined by real‐time quantitative methylation‐specific PCR (RQ‐MSP) and bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP). GPX3 methylation was identified in 15% (17/110) MDS patients, and significantly higher than controls, and lower than acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients (P = 0.024 and 0.041). GPX3 methylated patients had older age and higher frequency of DNMT3A mutation (P = 0.015 and 0.066). Cases with GPX3 methylation showed significantly shorter overall survival (OS) time than those with GPX3 unmethylation analyzed with Kaplan–Meier analysis (P = 0.012). Moreover, Cox regression analysis revealed that GPX3 methylation might act as an independent prognostic indicator in MDS (HR = 1.847, P = 0.072). GPX3 methylation density was significantly increased during the progression from MDS to secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML) in three follow‐up paired patients. Our study concludes that GPX3 methylation in bone marrow is associated with adverse prognosis and leukemia transformation in MDS.
Moving and being moved through time: Autoethnographic Reflections on first‐person research and its development over 30 years
Authors: Cotter Angela 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe research and practice divide is the subject of much debate in clinical disciplines. The movement towards autoethnography and first person research can illustrate the ways that the connection may be lived out in individual experience, contribute to bridging the divide and address deeper levels of experience that have not often been addressed in research or practice.AimThe article aims to contribute to furthering practitioner research and first person research through describing how research and practice have been interwoven in the author's experience as a psychotherapist and nurse. It also explicitly aims to include the non‐rational and transpersonal aspects which form a key part of the author's experience.MethodologyData is drawn from a range of written material including both personal journals, published and unpublished research and creative writing.FindingsThe findings are presented in narrative format reflecting the way that memory moves back and forth in present experience. The paper interweaves thirty years experience of research and practice, highlighting areas about which there was an experienced silence.ImplicationsThe article highlights the contribution that first person research can make in addressing deeper levels of experience that may not be disclosed in other forms of research because they contain non‐rational elements, that however do form an important part of some cultural perspectives and indivdual experience.
TWEAK increases SIRT1 expression and promotes p53 deacetylation affecting human hepatic stellate cell senescence
Authors: Zhang Feng , Zhang Ming , Wang Aixiu , Xu Mingcui , Wang Chen , Xu Guifang , Zhang Bin , Zou Xiaoping , Zhuge Yuzheng 
Published: November 2016

AbstractTo detect the effects of tumor necrosis factor‐like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) on SIRT1 expression and p53 deacetylation, involving cell senescence, in activated human hepatic stellate cell (HSC) in vitro, human HSC LX‐2 was cultured with TWEAK for 24 h. The result showed that the expression of membrane receptor Fn14 was remarkably increased by TWEAK, which upregulated SIRT1 in LX‐2 cells, detected by Western blotting and real‐time PCR. The expression of p53 was not significantly altered; however, the ac‐p53 was decreased. Furthermore, the viability of LX‐2 cells was significantly enhanced by TWEAK. The activity of SA‐β‐Gal was notably inhibited, showing a suppressing effect of TWEAK on the senescence of activated HSC. Primary cultured HSC on days 7 and 11 was used to examine the expression of TWEAK, Fn14, SIRT1, and the activity of SA‐β‐Gal. The result indicated that the mRNA of TWEAK, SIRT1, and Fn14 was all decreased on day 11 compared to that on day 7, and the activity of SA‐β‐Gal was higher on day 11 than that on day 7. The present study suggested that TWEAK enhanced the expression of SIRT1 and decreased the acetylation of p53, probably inhibiting the senescence of activated HSC in vitro, which provides a molecular basis for TWEAK as a potential target in the therapy of liver fibrosis.
Specific N‐glycan alterations are coupled in epithelial–mesenchymal transition induced by EGF in GE11 epithelial cells
Authors: Xu Qingsong , Qu Chen , Wang Wenjing , Gu Jianguo , Du Yuguang , Song Linsheng 
Published: November 2016

AbstractEpithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a phenomenon in cancer progression during which cancer cells undergo remarkable alteration acquiring highly invasive property. The aim of this study was to evaluate specific N‐glycan alterations during EMT induced by epidermal growth factor (EGF) in GE11 epithelial cells. Herein, we demonstrated that EGF activated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/Akt/extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation and promoted GE11 cell proliferation. Meanwhile, EGF stimulated the epithelial cells to undergo morphological alteration, destroying cell–cell inter‐contact and exhibiting mesenchymal cells higher metastatic potential. A wound‐healing assay showed the migratory ability increased 1.5‐fold after EGF treatment. Moreover, the relative intensity of N‐cadherin versus E‐cadherin increased 2.6‐fold, and the E‐cadherin distribution in cell–cell junctions became jagged and faint after EGF incubation for 72 h. Interestingly, the amounts of bisecting GlcNAc structure were dramatically declined, by contrast, the formation of β1,6 GlcNAc branches on cell surface was upregulated during EMT induced by EGF. To understand the roles of N‐glycans in EGF‐induced EMT, the cells were stably transfected with N‐acetylglucosaminyltransferase III (GnT‐III), which catalyzes the bisecting GlcNAc structure formation. As the markers for EMT, EGF‐induced E‐cadherin decrease and fibronectin increase were delayed in GnT‐III‐overexpressing cells. Taken together, these results demonstrated that specific N‐glycan alterations were coupled in EMT induced by EGF, which might be contributed to diagnosis and therapy of tumor metastasis.
Conditioned medium: a new alternative for cryopreservation of equine umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Maia Leandro , Dias Marianne Camargos , de Moraes Carolina Nogueira , de Paula Freitas‐Dell'Aqua Camila , da Mota Ligia S.L. Silveira , Santiloni Valquíria , da Cruz Landim‐Alvarenga Fernanda 
Published: November 2016

AbstractCryopreservation is a feasible alternative to maintaining several cell lines, particularly for immediate therapeutic use, transportation of samples, and implementation of new in vitro studies. This work parts from the hypothesis that the medium of cryopreservation composed by 90% of conditioned medium (CM) supports cryopreservation of equine umbilical cord intervascular matrix mesenchymal stem cells (UCIM‐MSCs), allowing the maintenance of the biological properties for the establishment of cell banks intended for therapeutic use and in vitro studies. Thus, we evaluated the viability, apoptosis/necrosis rates, immunophenotypic profile (IP), chromosomal stability, clonicity, and differentiation potential of UCIM‐MSCs cryopreserved with four different mediums (with FBS: M1, M3, M4 and without FBS: M2). After 3 months of cryopreservation, samples were thawed and analyzed. The potential of differentiation in the mesodermal lineages, clonicity, and the chromosomal stability were maintained after cryopreservation of UCIM‐MSCs with medium containing FBS. Changes (P < 0.05) at IP for some markers were observed at cells cryopreserved with medium M1–M3. Only the UCIM‐MSCs cryopreserved with the CM (M4) had similar viability post‐thaw (P = 0.23) when compared with fresh cells. We proved the hypothesis that the medium of cryopreservation containing CM supports the cryopreservation of UCIM‐MSCs, at the experimental conditions, being the medium that better maintains the biological characteristics observed at fresh cells. Thus, future studies of UCIM‐MSCs secretome should be conducted to better understand the beneficial and protective effects of the CM during the freezing process.
Functional expression of G protein‐coupled receptor 30 in immature rat epididymal epithelium
Authors: Cao Xiaonian , Huang Jiehong , Zhang Geng , Zuo Wulin , Lan Chongfeng , Sun Qing , Yang Dengliang , Gao Dongdong , Cheng Christopher H.K. , Zhou Wen‐Liang 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe aim of this study is to investigate the functional role of G protein‐coupled receptor 30 (GPR30) in the epididymis. We found that GPR30 is expressed in the epithelium of the immature rat epididymis and is involved in chloride secretion into the caudal epididymis lumen. The short‐circuit current (Isc) experiments showed that in primary cultured caudal epididymis epithelium, activation of GPR30 by its specific agonist G1 induced a mono‐phasic current increase, and G15, the specific antagonist of GPR30, could completely inhibit the current induced by G1. The G1‐induced Isc was largely blocked by application of the non‐specific chloride channel inhibitor diphenylamine‐dicarboxylic acid (DPC), or by the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) inhibitor CFTRinh‐172, suggesting that the current was mainly mediated through CFTR. In addition, after stimulating GPR30 by G1, the intracellular concentration of cAMP in the epithelium was significantly increased, indicating that the cAMP signal pathway is involved and could be responsible for the CFTR activation. Finally, to further investigate the function of GPR30 in vivo, G15 was administrated into rats subcutaneously. The osmotic pressure of the micro perfusion solution from epididymis was measured and the sperms were collected. Results showed that there was an osmotic pressure increase of the perfusion solution from G15 treated rats. When the GPR30 was inhibited by G15 endogenously, the motility of sperms decreased. Our data demonstrated that GPR30 is involved in the formation of caudal epididymis fluid micro‐environment thus affecting sperm motility.
Adoptive transfer of T regulatory cells inhibits lipopolysaccharide‐induced inflammation in fetal brain tissue in a late‐pregnancy preterm birth mouse model
Authors: Wang Fan , Xiao Mi , Chen Ru‐Juan , Lin Xiao‐Jie , Siddiq Muhammad , Liu Li 
Published: November 2016

AbstractTo evaluate the effect of regulatory T cells (Tregs) on the inflammation resulting from lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge in prenatal brain tissue, Tregs isolated from pregnant mice were transferred into model mice, and the expression levels of fork head family transcription factor (Foxp3), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), CD68 (a marker of microglia), and toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR‐4) were assessed in the fetal brain tissue. Foxp3, IL‐6, and TLR‐4 expression were detected by polymerase chain reaction and Western blot; CD68 expression level was detected using immunochemical analysis. Foxp3, IL‐6, TLR‐4, and CD68 expressions in fetal brain were significantly induced by maternal LPS administration, and the increased expression levels were markedly reduced by adoptive transfer of Tregs. Maternal LPS exposure significantly induced inflammation in perinatal brain tissue, and Tregs negatively regulated this LPS‐induced inflammation.
Serenity, courage, and wisdom: The keys to successful coronary calcification treatment
Authors: Danek Barbara Anna , Brilakis Emmanouil S. 
Published: November 2016

Key Points

Patients who undergo percutaneous coronary intervention of moderately or severely calcified coronary lesions have high risk for subsequent major adverse cardiac events.
Part of this risk is due to non‐modifiable clinical factors, such as advanced age and prior coronary artery bypass graft surgery that are commonly associated with coronary calcification.
Careful choice of revascularization strategy, meticulous attention to percutaneous coronary intervention technique, and optimal post‐intervention management are likely to improve the long‐term outcomes of patients with severely calcified coronary lesions.
Bifurcation stenting with bioresorbable scaffolds: Quo vadis?
Authors: Kornowski Ran 
Published: November 2016

Key Points

Bioresorbable everolimus‐eluting vascular scaffold (BEEVS) provides a vascular support to prevent early recoil, but unlike metallic stents, it resorbs over time and leaves no foreign material in the coronary artery.
True bifurcation lesions were excluded from pivotal BEEVS trials since the consequence of the scaffold within coronary bifurcations is uncertain.
Feasibility and safety of bifurcation double‐stenting utilizing Absorb BEEVS in the main‐branch and either a BEEVS or metallic DES in the side‐branch has been demonstrated in the current preliminary study.
A toast to no sternotomy
Authors: Yadav Pradeep K. , Eng Marvin H. 
Published: November 2016

Key Points

Short‐ and long‐term outcomes of alcohol septal ablation are comparable to surgical myectomy
With growing evidence, myectomy should not be considered as the frontline therapy
Unless a prospective randomized study is conducted, debate over preferred approach (surgical vs. ASA) will continue
You can't get there from here
Authors: Reilly John 
Published: November 2016

Key Points

Iliac artery intervention can be safely and successfully performed from transradial or transulnar access.
Transradial coronary intervention is becoming increasingly common in the U.S., this report may spark interest in use of this alternate access for peripheral intervention.
Further research with direct comparison to femoral access in lieu of historical controls will bolster the case for transradial intervention.
To BAV or not to BAV, that is a TAVR question
Authors: Massumi Mehran , Krajcer Zvonimir 
Published: November 2016

Key Points

TAVR without pre‐deployment BAV appears to be a safe alternative in non‐severely calcified aortic valves
Criteria to establish severity of aortic valvular calcium using CT data will aid in deciding whether a valve is a reasonable candidate for direct implantation
Prospective, randomized trials comparing TAVR with and without pre‐deployment BAV across all commercially available valve platforms are necessary to assess the safety of direct deployment of a TAVR valve
Efficacy and safety of dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and warfarin for stroke prevention in Chinese patients with atrial fibrillation: the Hong Kong Atrial Fibrillation Project
Authors: Li Wen‐Hua , Huang Duo , Chiang Chern‐En , Lau Chu‐Pak , Tse Hung‐Fat , Chan Esther W. , Wong Ian C.K. , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Chan Pak‐Hei , Siu Chung‐Wah 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundLittle is known about the comparative effectiveness and safety of non–vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOAC) compared to warfarin in Chinese atrial fibrillation (AF) patients. Our aim was to compare the ischemic stroke risk reduction and incidence of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) of warfarin in relation to quality of anticoagulation control (as reflected by time in therapeutic range [TTR]), and to dabigatran and rivaroxaban in a real‐world cohort of Chinese AF patients.HypothesisNOAC, rather than warfarin, is preferred in Chinese AF patients.MethodsOf 2099 patients studied (73.1 ± 12.3 years, female: 44.6%, CHA2DS2‐VASc 3.7 ± 1.9 and HAS‐BLED 2.0 ± 1.0) with nonvalvular AF, 963 patients (45.9%) were on warfarin (only 16.3% had TTR ≥65%), 669 patients were on rivaroxaban, and 467 patients were on dabigatran.ResultsAfter a mean follow‐up of 21.7 ± 13.4 months, there were 156 ischemic strokes (annual incidence of 4.10%/year), with the incidence of ischemic stroke being highest in patients on warfarin with TTR <65% (5.24%/year), followed by those on rivaroxaban (3.74%/year), and those on warfarin with TTR ≥65% (3.35%/year), whereas patients on dabigatran had the lowest incidence of ischemic stroke (1.89%/year). The incidence of ICH was lowest in patients on dabigatran (0.39%/year) compared with those on rivaroxaban (0.52%/year) and warfarin, with TTR <65% (0.95%/year) and TTR ≥65% (0.58%/year). Patients on rivaroxaban 20 mg daily had similar ischemic stroke risk (1.93%/year) and ICH risk (0.21%/year) compared to dabigatran.ConclusionsIn Chinese AF patients, the benefits of warfarin therapy for stroke prevention and ICH reduction depend on TTR. Of the treatments compared, dabigatran, as well as rivaroxaban 20 mg daily, was associated with lowest ischemic stroke and ICH rates.