bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Greek and Italian ‘Lessons’ on Bank Restructuring: Is Precautionary Recapitalisation the Way Forward?
Authors: BODELLINI Marco 
Published: September 2017

AbstractEven though the bail-in tool is potentially helpful in resolving banks in crisis, it may still create the same issues that resolution is meant to prevent and/or avoid, namely contagion, financial instability and also systemic risk. Recent cases of bank restructuring have demonstrated that there are situations in which the use of the bail-in tool could end up being dangerous for the stability of the financial system. Obviously in such cases, the write down and/or conversion into equity of the bank’s liabilities must be avoided. At the same time, however, the disapplication of bail-in makes the provision of external resources necessary to rescue effectively the bank in crisis.The EU legislator was aware of these potential issues and for this reason introduced a number of rules allowing, in certain situations, both the disapplication of the bail-in tool and the provision of external financing. Nevertheless, when the provision of external financing comes from the Member States, it has to comply with the rules of the State aid framework set by the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) and applied by the European Commission. In this article, it is argued that despite the strict rules on State aid, there is still room to manage even difficult banking crisis situations in which the application of the bail-in tool could be counterproductive and therefore public intervention should take place through the so-called precautionary recapitalisation instead. However, in this regard, it is crucially important that the authorities intervene before the bank in trouble ‘crosses the line’ of insolvency, as some recent cases of Greek and Italian banks have demonstrated.
Spontaneous tumor lysis syndrome in a patient with newly diagnosed metastatic colonic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Berringer Ross 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAcute tumor lysis syndrome in the absence of cytotoxic therapy is an uncommon event but has been reported with hematologic malignancies. The case described below illustrates spontaneous tumor lysis syndrome in the context of a rapidly proliferating metastatic colonic adenocarcinoma. Clinicians should consider ordering phosphate, uric acid, and calcium when assessing patients with recently diagnosed or suspected malignancy.
On the Beltramian motion of the bidirectional vortex in a conical cyclone
Authors: Barber Timothy A. , Majdalani Joseph 
Published: September 2017

In this work, an exact Eulerian model is used to describe the steady-state motion of a bidirectional vortex in a conical chamber. This particular model is applicable to idealized representations of cyclone separators and liquid rocket engines with slowly expanding chamber cross-sections. The corresponding bulk motion is assumed to be non-reactive, rotational, inviscid and incompressible. Then, following Bloor & Ingham (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 178, 1987, pp. 507–519), the spherical Bragg–Hawthorne equation is used to construct a mathematical model that connects the solution to the swirl number and the cone divergence angle. Consequently, a self-similar formulation is obtained independently of the cone’s finite body length. This enables us to characterize the problem using closed-form approximations of the principal flow variables. Among the cyclonic parameters of interest, the mantle divergence angle and the maximum cross-flow velocity are obtained explicitly. The mantle consists of a spinning cone that separates the circumferential inflow region from the central outflow. This interfacial layer bisects the fluid domain at approximately 60 per cent of the cone’s divergence half-angle. Its accurate determination is proven asymptotically using two different criteria, one being preferred by experimentalists. Finally, recognizing that the flow in question is of the Beltramian type, results are systematically described over a range of cone angles and spatial locations in both spherical and cylindrical coordinates; they are also compared to available experimental and numerical data.
Super compact equation for water waves
Authors: Dyachenko A. I. , Kachulin D. I. , Zakharov V. E. 
Published: September 2017

Mathematicians and physicists have long been interested in the subject of water waves. The problems formulated in this subject can be considered fundamental, but many questions remain unanswered. For instance, a satisfactory analytic theory of such a common and important phenomenon as wave breaking has yet to be developed. Our knowledge of the formation of rogue waves is also fairly poor despite the many efforts devoted to this subject. One of the most important tasks of the theory of water waves is the construction of simplified mathematical models that are applicable to the description of these complex events under the assumption of weak nonlinearity. The Zakharov equation, as well as the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) and the Dysthe equation (which are actually its simplifications), are among them. In this article, we derive a new modification of the Zakharov equation based on the assumption of unidirectionality (the assumption that all waves propagate in the same direction). To derive the new equation, we use the Hamiltonian form of the Euler equation for an ideal fluid and perform a very specific canonical transformation. This transformation is possible due to the ‘miraculous’ cancellation of the non-trivial four-wave resonant interaction in the one-dimensional wave field. The obtained equation is remarkably simple. We call the equation the ‘super compact water wave equation’. This equation includes a nonlinear wave term (à la NLSE) together with an advection term that can describe the initial stage of wave breaking. The NLSE and the Dysthe equations (DystheProc. R. Soc. Lond.A, vol. 369, 1979, pp. 105–114) can be easily derived from the super compact equation. This equation is also suitable for analytical studies as well as for numerical simulation. Moreover, this equation also allows one to derive a spatial version of the water wave equation that describes experiments in flumes and canals.
Transient solute transport with sorption in Poiseuille flow
Authors: Zhang Li , Hesse Marc A. , Wang Moran 
Published: September 2017

Previous work on solute transport with sorption in Poiseuille flow has reached contradictory conclusions. Some have concluded that sorption increases mean solute transport velocity and decreases dispersion relative to a tracer, while others have concluded the opposite. Here we resolve this contradiction by deriving a series solution for the transient evolution that recovers previous results in the appropriate limits. This solution shows a transition in solute transport behaviour from early to late time that is captured by the first- and zeroth-order terms. Mean solute transport velocity is increased at early times and reduced at late times, while solute dispersion is initially reduced, but shows a complex dependence on the partition coefficient $k$ at late times. In the equilibrium sorption model, the time scale of the early regime and the duration of the transition to the late regime both increase with $\ln k$ for large $k$. The early regime is pronounced in strongly sorbing systems ($k\gg 1$). The kinetic sorption model shows a similar transition from the early to the late transport regime and recovers the equilibrium results when adsorption and desorption rates are large. As the reaction rates slow down, the duration of the early regime increases, but the changes in transport velocity and dispersion relative to a tracer diminish. In general, if the partition coefficient $k$ is large, the early regime is well developed and the behaviour is well characterized by the analysis of the limiting case without desorption.
Damping of magnetohydrodynamic waves in a rotating fluid
Authors: Sreenivasan Binod , Narasimhan Ghanesh 
Published: September 2017

The long-time evolution of a flow structure subject to background rotation and a coaxial uniform magnetic field is investigated in this paper. The conditions of magnetic Reynolds number$Rm\ll 1$and Rossby number$Ro\ll 1$apply, while the condition of magnetic interaction parameter$N\gg 1$ensures that nonlinear inertial forces are small in the system. Cylindrical polar coordinates$(s,\unicode[STIX]{x1D719},z)$are used, where the velocity and the induced magnetic field are axisymmetric. Two regimes are analysed in the inviscid limit, that of strong rotation, where the inertial wave frequency is much higher than the Alfvén wave frequency, and that of weak rotation, where the Alfvén wave frequency is dominant. In either regime, the evolution consists of a damped wave-dominated phase followed by a diffusion-dominated phase. For strong rotation, the laws of energy decay in the damped wave phase are obtained by considering the decay of the fast and slow magneto-Coriolis (MC) waves individually. The diffusion-dominated phase obeys the decay laws in the well-known quasistatic approximation. The wave–diffusion transition time scale indicates that the wave phase of decay is very long, so that small-scale turbulence is characterized by damped wave motions. The ratio of kinetic to magnetic energies of the slow MC wave in the early stages of evolution is$O(Le^{2})$, where$Le$is the initial ratio of the inertial wave to Alfvén wave time scales. The induced magnetic field is hence far more efficient than the velocity in supporting slow MC waves for$Le\ll 1$. In the regime of weak rotation, the fast and slow MC wave solutions merge and tend to the classical damped Alfvén wave solution. Here, the decay laws in non-rotating magnetohydrodynamic turbulence (Moffatt,J. Fluid Mech., vol. 28, 1967, pp. 571–592) are recovered. Computations of the general solution for the long-time decay of an isolated vortex confirm the theoretical energy scalings as well as the wave–diffusion transition time scale of the kinetic energy. It is shown that a magnetically damped system that initially generates Alfvén waves because of relatively weak rotation can subsequently give rise to MC waves. Small-scale motions of$Rm\sim 1$in the Earth’s core probably generate slow magnetostrophic waves only for$Le>0.1$, which suggests that a mean intensity of${\sim}10~\text{mT}$or higher is plausible for the toroidal magnetic field within the core.
Bifurcations in a quasi-two-dimensional Kolmogorov-like flow
Authors: Tithof Jeffrey , Suri Balachandra , Pallantla Ravi Kumar , Grigoriev Roman O. , Schatz Michael F. 
Published: September 2017

We present a combined experimental and theoretical study of the primary and secondary instabilities in a Kolmogorov-like flow. The experiment uses electromagnetic forcing with an approximately sinusoidal spatial profile to drive a quasi-two-dimensional (Q2D) shear flow in a thin layer of electrolyte suspended on a thin lubricating layer of a dielectric fluid. Theoretical analysis is based on a two-dimensional (2D) model (Suri et al., Phys. Fluids, vol. 26 (5), 2014, 053601), derived from first principles by depth-averaging the full three-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations. As the strength of the forcing is increased, the Q2D flow in the experiment undergoes a series of bifurcations, which is compared with results from direct numerical simulations of the 2D model. The effects of confinement and the forcing profile are studied by performing simulations that assume spatial periodicity and strictly sinusoidal forcing, as well as simulations with realistic no-slip boundary conditions and an experimentally validated forcing profile. We find that only the simulation subject to physical no-slip boundary conditions and a realistic forcing profile provides close, quantitative agreement with the experiment. Our analysis offers additional validation of the 2D model as well as a demonstration of the importance of properly modelling the forcing and boundary conditions.
Early athyride brachiopod evolution through the Ordovician-Silurian mass extinction and recovery, Anticosti Island, eastern Canada
Authors: Copper Paul , Jin Jisuo 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe subfamily Hindellinae is an early group of athyride brachiopods, characterized by a simple jugum that connects the laterally directed spiralia, which are disjunct from the crura. Four genera (Hindella,Cryptothyrella,Koigia, andHyattidina) are reexamined on the basis of their internal structures, such as the crura and their connection to the hinge, the jugum, and spiralia. The internal brachidium and shell of the Aeronian genusCryptothyrelladiffer substantially from those ofHindella.Elkanathyris pallulan. gen. n. sp. is recognized as a posteriorly ribbed hindellide of Aeronian age. These genera are transferred from the Meristellinae to the subfamily Hindellinae (family Hindellidae). On Anticosti Island,Hindellais confined to the Hirnantian (latest Ordovician): it became extinct at the end Ordovician during the last of several mass extinction events that also extinguished the Laframboise reefs at the top of the Ellis Bay Formation. Post-extinction recovery of athyrides was pioneered by small-shelledKoigia, which are abundant in the basal Silurian Becscie Formation.Hyattidina, with a simple brachidium, is abundant in the Aeronian and Telychian of Anticosti, but absent earlier. True meristellines, as envisioned here, first appeared in the Aeronian Gun River Formation. The revised taxonomy and stratigraphic ranges of these earliest athyrides shed light on the nature of the Ordovician–Silurian mass extinction and recovery, and help refine the biostratigraphy of the O-S boundary interval.
The effects of nasal lavage with betamethasone cream post-endoscopic sinus surgery: clinical trial
Authors: Dawson B , Gutteridge I , Cervin A , Robinson D 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackground:Steroid nasal irrigation for chronic rhinosinusitis patients following endoscopic sinus surgery reduces symptom recurrence. There are minimal safety data to recommend this treatment. This study evaluated the safety of betamethasone nasal irrigation by measuring its impact on endogenous cortisol levels.Methods:Participants performed daily betamethasone nasal irrigation for six weeks. The impact on pre- and post-intervention serum and 24-hour urinary free cortisol was assessed. Efficacy was evaluated using the 22-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test.Results:Thirty participants completed the study (16 females and 14 males; mean age = 53.9 ± 15.6 years). Serum cortisol levels were unchanged (p = 0.28). However, 24-hour urinary free cortisol levels decreased (47.5 vs 41.5 nmol per 24 hours; p = 0.025). Sino-Nasal Outcome Test scores improved (41.13 ± 21.94 vs 23.4 ± 18.17; p < 0.001). The minimal clinical important difference was reached in 63 per cent of participants.Conclusion:Daily betamethasone nasal irrigation is an efficacious treatment modality not associated with changes in morning serum cortisol levels. The changes in 24-hour urinary free cortisol levels are considered clinically negligible. Hence, continued use of betamethasone nasal irrigation remains a viable and safe treatment option for chronic rhinosinusitis patients following functional endoscopic sinus surgery.
Changes in resting-state brain networks after cognitive–behavioral therapy for chronic pain
Authors: Yoshino A. , Okamoto Y. , Okada G. , Takamura M. , Ichikawa N. , Shibasaki C. , Yokoyama S. , Doi M. , Jinnin R. , Yamashita H. , Horikoshi M. , Yamawaki S. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundCognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) is thought to be useful for chronic pain, with the pathology of the latter being closely associated with cognitive–emotional components. However, there are few resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (R-fMRI) studies. We used the independent component analysis method to examine neural changes after CBT and to assess whether brain regions predict treatment response.MethodsWe performed R-fMRI on a group of 29 chronic pain (somatoform pain disorder) patients and 30 age-matched healthy controls (T1). Patients were enrolled in a weekly 12-session group CBT (T2). We assessed selected regions of interest that exhibited differences in intrinsic connectivity network (ICN) connectivity strength between the patients and controls at T1, and compared T1 and T2. We also examined the correlations between treatment effects and rs-fMRI data.ResultsAbnormal ICN connectivity of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and inferior parietal lobule within the dorsal attention network (DAN) and of the paracentral lobule within the sensorimotor network in patients with chronic pain normalized after CBT. Higher ICN connectivity strength in the OFC indicated greater improvements in pain intensity. Furthermore, ICN connectivity strength in the dorsal posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) within the DAN at T1 was negatively correlated with CBT-related clinical improvements.ConclusionsWe conclude that the OFC is crucial for CBT-related improvement of pain intensity, and that the dorsal PCC activation at pretreatment also plays an important role in improvement of clinical symptoms via CBT.
Magnetic instability of filaments in different solar regions
Authors: Palacios J. , Guerrero A. , Cid C. , Saiz E. , Cerrato Y. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMagnetic instability is a key consideration for filament eruptions and subsequent CMEs. In this contribution we are considering different magnetic conditions for active and non-active regions, such as coronal hole regions and quiet sun, and also active regions of a simple magnetic configuration. The aim is to assess magnetic instability through potential and non-potential field modelling and 3D evaluation of the magnetic decay index. Some eruptive examples from solar cycle 24 using HMI/SDO data are presented, complemented with observations of AIA/SDO.
Space Weather Storm Responses at Mars: Lessons from A Weakly Magnetized Terrestrial Planet
Authors: Luhmann J. G. , Dong C. F. , Ma Y. J. , Curry S. M. , Li Yan , Lee C. O. , Hara T. , Lillis R. , Halekas J. , Connerney J. E. , Espley J. , Brain D. A. , Dong Y. , Jakosky B. M. , Thiemann E. , Eparvier F. , Leblanc F. , Withers P. , Russell C. T. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMuch can be learned from terrestrial planets that appear to have had the potential to be habitable, but failed to realize that potential. Mars shows evidence of a once hospitable surface environment. The reasons for its current state, and in particular its thin atmosphere and dry surface, are of great interest for what they can tell us about habitable zone planet outcomes. A main goal of the MAVEN mission is to observe Mars’ atmosphere responses to solar and space weather influences, and in particular atmosphere escape related to space weather ‘storms’ caused by interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs). Numerical experiments with a data-validated MHD model suggest how the effects of an observed moderately strong ICME compare to what happens during a more extreme event. The results suggest the kinds of solar and space weather conditions that can have evolutionary importance at a planet like Mars.
Contribution of energetic ion secondary particles to solar flare radio spectra
Authors: Tuneu Jordi , Szpigel Sérgio , de Castro Guillermo Giménez , MacKinnon Alexander 
Published: September 2017

AbstractRecent observations of solar flares at high frequencies have provided evidence of a new spectral component with flux increasing with frequency in the THz range. Its origin remains unclear. Here, we present preliminary results of simulations of synchrotron emission due to secondary positrons and electrons produced in nuclear reactions during a solar flare. We use the general purpose Monte-Carlo code FLUKA to obtain distributions of secondary particles resulting from accelerated protons interacting in the solar atmosphere. We calculate the synchrotron radiation spectrum and compare our results to observations of the November 4th, 2003 burst event.
Preliminary Design of the Brazilian's National Institute for Space Research Broadband Radiometer for Solar Observations
Authors: Berni L. A. , Vieira L. E. A. , Savonov G.S. , Lago A. Dal , Mendes O. , Silva M. R. , Guarnieri F. , Sampaio M. , Barbosa M. J. , Boas J. V. Vilas , Branco R. H. F. , Nishimori M. , Silva L. A. , Carlesso F. , Gómez J. M. Rodríguez , Alves L. R. , Castilho B. Vaz , Santos J. , Paula A. Silva , Cardoso F. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe Total Solar Irradiance (TSI), which is the total radiation arriving at Earth's atmosphere from the Sun, is one of the most important forcing of the Earths climate. Measurements of the TSI have been made employing instruments on board several space-based platforms during the last four solar cycles. However, combining these measurements is still challenging due to the degradation of the sensor elements and the long-term stability of the electronics. Here we describe the preliminary efforts to design an absolute radiometer based on the principle of electrical substitution that is under development at Brazilian's National Institute for Space Research (INPE).
On the influence of magnetic fields in neutral planetary wakes
Authors: D’Angelo C. Villarreal , Schneiter M. , Esquivel A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe present a 3D magnetohydrodynamic study of the effect that stellar and planetary magnetic fields have on the calculated Lyα absorption during the planetary transit, employing parameters that resemble the exoplanet HD209458b. We assume a dipolar magnetic field for both the star and the planet, and use the Parker solution to initialize the stellar wind. We also consider the radiative processes and the radiation pressure.We use the numerical MHD code Guacho to run several models varying the values of the planetary and stellar magnetic moments within the range reported in the literature.We found that the presence of magnetic fields influences the escaping neutral planetary material spreading the absorption Lyα line for large stellar magnetic fields.
Solar activity forcing of terrestrial hydrological phenomena
Authors: Mauas Pablo J. D. , Buccino Andrea P. , Flamenco Eduardo 
Published: September 2017

AbstractRecently, the study of the influence of solar activity on the Earth's climate received strong attention, mainly due to the possibility, proposed by several authors, that global warming is not anthropogenic, but is due to an increase in solar activity. Although this possibility has been ruled out, there are strong evidences that solar variability has an influence on Earth's climate, in regional scales.Here we review some of these evidences, focusing in a particular aspect of climate: atmospheric moisture and related quantities like precipitation. In particular, we studied the influence of activity on South American precipitations during centuries. First, we analyzed the stream flow of the Paraná and other rivers of the region, and found a very strong correlation with Sunspot Number in decadal time scales. We found a similar correlation between Sunspot Number and tree-ring chronologies, which allows us to extend our study to cover the last two centuries.