bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of problematic internet use in Slovenia
Authors: Macur Mirna , Király Orsolya , Maraz Aniko , Nagygyörgy Katalin , Demetrovics Zsolt 
Published: May 2016

Abstract

Background
Internet use is an integral part of our everyday activities; however, Internet use may become problematic and harmful in a minority of cases. The majority of reported prevalence rates of problematic Internet use refer to adolescent samples, whereas epidemiological studies on representative adult populations are lacking. This study aimed to reveal the prevalence and characteristics of problematic Internet use in Slovenia.

Methods
Problematic Internet Use Questionnaire (PIUQ) was included in European Health Interview Study (EHIS) on representative Slovenian sample. The frequency of Internet use and problematic Internet use were both assessed.

Results
59.9% of Slovenian adult population uses the Internet daily, and 3.1% are at risk of becoming problematic Internet users, 11% in the age group from 20 to 24 years. Those being at risk for becoming problematic Internet users are younger (mean age 31.3 vs. 48.3 for non-problematic users), more likely to be males (3.6% of males, whereas 2.6% of females are affected), students (12.0%), unemployed (6.3%) or unable to work (8.7%), single (6.5%), with high education (4.5%). Regression analysis revealed that the strongest predictor of being at risk for problematic Internet use is age (ß=-0.338, p<0.001); followed by high educational level (ß=0.145; p<0.001) and student status (ß=0.136; p<0.001).

Conclusion
3.1% of Slovenian adult population are at risk of becoming problematic Internet users, whereas 3 out of 20 Slovenian adolescents aged from 18 to 19 years are at risk (14.6%). Prevention programs and treatment for those affected are paramount, especially for the young generation.
Unconditional Prenatal Income Supplement and Birth Outcomes
Authors: Brownell Marni D. , Chartier Mariette J. , Nickel Nathan C. , Chateau Dan , Martens Patricia J. , Sarkar Joykrishna , Burland Elaine , Jutte Douglas P. , Taylor Carole , Santos Robert G. , Katz Alan ,   On behalf of the PATHS Equity for Children Team
Published: May 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Perinatal outcomes have improved in developed countries but remain poor for disadvantaged populations. We examined whether an unconditional income supplement to low-income pregnant women was associated with improved birth outcomes.METHODS:This study included all mother–newborn pairs (2003–2010) in Manitoba, Canada, where the mother received prenatal social assistance, the infant was born in the hospital, and the pair had a risk screen (N = 14 591). Low-income women who received the income supplement (Healthy Baby Prenatal Benefit [HBPB], n = 10 738) were compared with low-income women who did not receive HBPB (n = 3853) on the following factors: low birth weight, preterm, small and large for gestational age, Apgar score, breastfeeding initiation, neonatal readmission, and newborn hospital length of stay (LOS). Covariates from risk screens were used to develop propensity scores and to balance differences between groups in regression models; γ sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess sensitivity to unmeasured confounding. Population-attributable and preventable fractions were calculated.RESULTS:HBPB was associated with reductions in low birth weight (aRR, 0.71 [95% CI, 0.63–0.81]), preterm births (aRR, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.69–0.84]) and small for gestational age births (aRR, 0.90 [95% CI, 0.81–0.99]) and increases in breastfeeding (aRR, 1.06 [95% CI, 1.03–1.09]) and large for gestational age births (aRR, 1.13 [95% CI, 1.05–1.23]). For vaginal births, HBPB was associated with shortened LOS (weighted mean, 2.86; P &lt; .0001). Results for breastfeeding, low birth weight, preterm birth, and LOS were robust to unmeasured confounding. Reductions of 21% (95% CI, 13.6–28.3) for low birth weight births and 17.5% (95% CI, 11.2–23.8) for preterm births were associated with HBPB.CONCLUSIONS:Receipt of an unconditional prenatal income supplement was associated with positive outcomes. Placing conditions on income supplements may not be necessary to promote prenatal and perinatal health.
Identificación de factores de tipo categórico relacionados con la condición estructural de tuberías de alcantarillado de Bogotá a partir de conceptos de entropía de la información
Authors: Hernández Rodríguez Natalie , Obregón Neira Nelson , Torres Andrés 
Published: May 2016

Introducción: este artículo es producto del proyecto de investigación “Identificación de factores de tipo categórico con la condición estructural de tuberías de alcantarillado de Bogotá a partir de conceptos de entropía de la información”, financiado por la Maestría en Hidrosistemas de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, y desarrollado durante el 2014 y el 2015. El objetivo fue identificar qué influencia tienen factores de tipo cualitativo (tipo de red, material de la superficie vial asociada y material de las tuberías) sobre el grado estructural obtenido a partir de inspecciones CCTV realizadas en Bogotá entre el 2007 y el 2011. Metodología: se estudiaron los conceptos de entropía de la información mutua a fin de encontrar independencia entre las siguientes variables categóricas: tipo de tubería, tipo de superficie vial sobre la tubería y material de la tubería. Resultados: obtenidos a partir de la aplicación de conceptos tales como entropía e información mutua, muestran que la categoría estructural es independiente del tipo de tubería, del tipo de material de la tubería y del tipo de superficie de la vía que pasa sobre la tubería, ya que presentan valores elevados de entropía conjunta, lo cual implica un alto grado de incertidumbre en sus relaciones. Conclusiones: las variables categóricas estudiadas son factores importantes para tener en cuenta en un modelo de deterioro de las tuberías de alcantarillado, además de facilitar la toma de decisiones para direccionar los planes de inspección del alcantarillado en la ciudad.
Relación entre las características periodontales y la sonrisa gingival en niños: un estudio de casos y controles
Authors: Bernal Lucía V. , Zapata Óscar , Barbosa-Liz Diana María , Estrada Flavio , Ángel Laura 
Published: May 2016

Introducción: la presencia de sonrisa gingival (SG) es uno de los aspectos más negativamente valorados. Su presencia en la vida adulta es un motivo de consulta constante, pero en la niñez tiende a ser considerado como normal. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir y comparar las características del periodonto de un grupo de niños, con diferentes maloclusiones, con y sin sonrisa gingival y evaluar la influencia de las características gingivales sobre la presencia de sonrisa gingival. Métodos: en este estudio analítico de casos y controles, el tamaño muestral fue probabilístico. Se incluyeron 163 niños en dentición mixta silente que cumplieran los criterios de inclusión y exclusión: 37 fueron casos, con sonrisa gingival (SG) y 126 fueron controles, sin sonrisa gingival (NSG). Se les evaluaron variables oclusales, de sonrisa y periodontales por medio de un examen clínico y de un fotograma. Los evaluadores estaban previamente calibrados (Kappa 0,87 e ICC 0,96). Resultados: la edad promedio de los pacientes en ambos grupos fue de 8,8 años con una desviación estándar de 0,9 para los casos y de 0,8 para los controles. La maloclusión más predominante fue la clase I (63,8% de la muestra). Las características periodontales fueron similares en ambos grupos. El biotipo periodontal grueso tuvo una tendencia a comportarse como factor de riesgo para SG (OR 1,6) pero esta relación no fue estadísticamente significativa. (IC= 95% 0,6 - 4,1). Conclusiones: los factores periodontales no influyen sobre la presencia de sonrisa gingival en niños; su comportamiento en etapas posteriores deberá ser observado.
Three-Dimensional Printing and Medical Education: A Narrative Review of the Literature
Authors: Bartellas Michael Peppis 
Published: May 2016

Objectives: Three-dimensional (3D) printing has emerged in the past decade as a promising tool for the world of medicine. The focus of this article is to review how 3D printed models have been used in medical education.Methods: PubMed was the article database used, and the search criteria included the terms 3D printing and education. The exclusion criteria filtered out articles that were older than ten years, were not in English, and did not target a human population. There were 90 discovered articles, and 38 appropriate articles were determined after reviewing titles and abstracts.Results: Three main themes emerged from this review: general medical education, surgical education, and patient education. The more specific findings can be further divided into: using 3D printed models for teaching anatomy and simulation training; and preop­erative planning, intraoperative guidance, and postoperative evaluation.Conclusions: The general consensus was that 3D haptic modelling was a useful tool for educating trainees, staff physicians, and pa­tients. The models helped in increasing participants’ understanding of anatomy and pathologies, and improving trainee skill set and confidence. There is much support to continue research in this area and to further develop ways in which 3D printing can help improve medical education. Objectifs : L’impression tridimensionnelle (3D) s’annonce comme un outil prometteur pour le monde de la médecine. Le présent ar­ticle révisera comment les méthodes d’impression 3D ont été utilisées dans l’éducation médicale.Méthodes : La base de données utilisée pour les articles fut PubMed et les critères de recherche ont inclus les termes impression 3D et éducation. Les critères d’exclusion ont omis des articles qui dataient de plus de dix ans, qui n’étaient pas en anglais, et qui n’avaient pas comme cible la population humaine. Il y a 90 articles qui furent trouvés en tout et 38 de ces articles ont été jugés adéquats pour la révision.Résultats : Trois grands thèmes ont été ressortis lors de cette révision : éducation médicale générale, éducation chirurgicale, et éduca­tion des patients. De façon plus précise, les thèmes spécifiques suivants furent dégagés : l’utilisation d’impression de modèles 3D pour l’enseignement de l’anatomie et la formation par simulation, la préparation préopératoire, le guide intraopératoire, et l’évaluation postopératoire.Conclusion : Les modèles haptiques 3D étaient reconnus comme un outil efficace pour éduquer les stagiaires, les médecins, et les patients. Ces modèles ont aidé à augmenter la compréhension de l’anatomie et de la pathologie des participants et ont augmenté la confiance et les habiletés des stagiaires. Ces preuves démontrent l’importance de continuer la recherche dans ce domaine afin de développer davantage de façons d’optimiser l’éducation médicale à l’aide de l’impression tridimensionnelle.
Evidence-Based Medicine: Acknowledging the Role for Physical Activity
Authors: Levac Brendan M , Cusano Ellen LR , McGinn Ryan 
Published: May 2016

Modern technology and lifestyles have created an environment that predisposes our population to inactivity, resulting in fewer people meeting the Canadian Physical Activity Guidelines. There is a clear link between inactivity and the risk of developing chronic health conditions including hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and cancer; however, exercise prescription and counselling by physicians is lacking. This may in part be attributed to inadequate training of physicians during medical school. In this commentary, we outline the demand for awareness and training of physicians to prepare them to prescribe physical activity, and propose steps to increase exercise prescrip­tion for improved population health. La technologie moderne ainsi que nos habitudes de vie actuelles nous prédisposent à l’inactivité ce qui mène moins de personnes à respecter les directives canadiennes en matière d’activité physique. Un lien direct existe entre l’inactivité et le risque de développer des problèmes de santé chroniques incluant l’hypertension, le diabète de type 2, et le cancer. Toutefois, l’exercice et le counseling pre­scrits par les médecins sont peu pratiqués par les patients qui pourraient en bénéficier. Dans cet article, nous soulignerons le besoin de formation des médecins afin de mieux les préparer à prescrire de l’activité physique à leur patients et leur proposer des étapes pour améliorer la santé physique de la population.
Towards a framework for the development, implementation and sustainability of eHealth interventions in Indigenous communities
Authors: Madjedi Kian , Daya Rukhsaar 
Published: May 2016

eHealth technology, an umbrella term including telemedicine, telehealth, and mobile health interventions (among others), has re­cently begun expanding its reach into Indigenous communities. With this new “migration” comes the need for special consideration of the factors that contribute to “successful” adoption, integration, and sustainability of such eHealth technologies in Indigenous communities. While existing frameworks are typically helpful orientations to guide eHealth implementation, they commonly lack ele­ments that give specific consideration to the important nuances and special considerations when piloting eHealth initiatives in these unique and diverse community and cultural contexts. There is thus a need to expand, adapt, or design new eHealth adoption and implementation frameworks that help guide the piloting and use of health technologies in respectful, ethical, and community-centered ways in Indigenous communities. This paper suggests subjective considerations for the preliminary development of a generic eHealth technology adoption and implementation framework in Indigenous communities. Considerations are divided into three main sections: Development and Adoption; Implementation; and Sustainability, with relevant discussion of the centrality of community engagement, inclusivity, and respect. La cybersanté est une expression utilisée en médecine pour regrouper différentes technologies telles que la télémédecine, la télés­anté, et les interventions de santé mobile. Avec une mise en oeuvre graduelle de la cybersanté dans les communautés autochtones, il y a des considérations spéciales et des facteurs spécifiques à prendre en compte pour assurer une intégration efficace et durable de ces technologies. Certaines infrastructures existent déjà pour faciliter l’utilisation de la cybersanté. Toutefois, il est important que l’utilisation de ces technologies soit éthique, respectueuse des différences culturelles autochtones, et en fonction des besoins des communautés autochtones. Cet article suggère des éléments à considérer dans le développement préliminaire d’une approche médi­cale axée sur la cybersanté et dans la mise en oeuvre d’infrastructure dans les communautés autochtones. Les considérations sont divisées en trois sections : le développement et l’adoption; la mise en oeuvre; et la durabilité, avec une discussion sur l’engagement communautaire, l’inclusion, et le respect mutuel.
Doctor Jérôme Lejeune’s Gaze at the University of Ottawa
Authors: Ferretti Emanuela 
Published: May 2016

From January 29th to February 1st, 2015, a group of University of Ottawa undergraduate students and I hosted an exhibit about the life and research of French physician Dr. Jérôme Lejeune, who in 1959 discovered Trisomy 21, the genetic origin of Down syndrome (DS). Considered the father of modern genetics, Dr. Lejeune believed medicine should serve the patient and not the disease. The exhibit focused on Lejeune’s profound humanity and compassion that accompanied his commitment to scientific truth. It also showed how this great scientist maintained an unshakeable adherence to his faith and conscience despite challenges and adversity. Du 29 janvier au 1er février 2015, un groupe d’étudiants au premier cycle universitaire ont organisé une exposition portant sur la vie et les travaux de recherche du médecin français Dr Jérôme Lejeune, qui en 1959 a découvert la trisomie 21, l’origine génétique du syndrome de Down. Dr Lejeune est considéré comme le père de la génétique moderne. Il croyait que la médecine devait se concentrer sur le patient et non seulement sur sa maladie. L’exposition a mis en valeur l’humanité et la compassion du Dr Lejeune en illustrant comment ce grand scientifique a su maintenir sa foi et ses croyances malgré les défis à relever.
Relationship Between Lung Cancer and Mycobacterium Avium Complex Isolated Using Bronchoscopy
Authors: Tamura Atsuhisa , Hebisawa Akira , Kusaka Kei , Hirose Takashi , Suzuki Junko , Yamane Akira , Nagai Hideaki , Fukami Takeshi , Ohta Ken , Takahashi Fumiaki 
Published: May 2016

Introduction:
The incidence of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)-positive respiratory specimen cultures and MAC lung disease (MACLD) is increasing worldwide. This retrospective study aimed to assess the association between MAC culture-positive bronchoscopy specimens and lung cancer.

Materials and Methods:
The medical records of 1382 untreated lung cancer patients between 2003 and 2011 were collected using our hospital database. Of them, records for 1258 that had undergone bronchoscopy together with sampling for mycobacterial culture were reviewed. Patient characteristics were compared between those with MAC-positive/other nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM)-negative bronchial washings and those with MAC-negative/other NTM-negative bronchial washings. Patients with MAC-positive lung cancer were cross-sectionally divided into MACLD and non-MACLD groups, and their features were assessed. Follow-up data for patients with lung cancer but without MACLD were reviewed for subsequent development of MACLD.

Results:
Of the 1258 patients with lung cancer, 25 (2.0%) had MAC-positive/other NTM-negative bronchial washings. The proportion of women (52% vs 30%; P = 0.0274) and patient age (72 years vs 69 years; P = 0.0380) were significantly higher in the MAC-positive/other NTM-negative lung cancer group (n = 25) than in the MAC-negative/other NTM-negative lung cancer group (n = 1223). There were 10 patients with lung cancer and MACLD and 15 without MACLD; significant differences in patient characteristics were not found between the two groups, and none of the 15 patients without MACLD subsequently developed MACLD.

Conclusion:
MAC culture-positive bronchial washing is positively associated with lung cancer. Female sex and advanced age, but not lung cancer characteristics, were found to be associated with MAC infection in patients with lung cancer.
Efficacy of different methods to reduce pain during debonding of orthodontic brackets
Authors: Bavbek Nehir Canigur , Tuncer Burcu Balos , Tortop Tuba , Celik Bülent 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTObjective: To determine pain during debonding and the effects of different pain control methods, gender, and personal traits on the pain experience.Materials and Methods: Patients who had fixed orthodontic treatment with metal brackets, but no surgical treatment or craniofacial deformity, were included. Sixty-three patients (32 female, aged 17.2 ± 2.9 years; 31 male aged, 17.2 ± 2.5 years) were allocated to three groups (n = 21) according to the pain control method: finger pressure, elastomeric wafer, or stress relief. Pain experience for each tooth was scored on a visual analogue scale (VAS), and general responses of participants to pain were evaluated by Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS). Multiple linear regression analysis, the Mann Whitney U-test, and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient analysis were used to analyze the data.Results: When the VAS scores were adjusted, finger pressure caused a 47% reduction overall, 56% in lower elastomer wafer total, 59% in lower right arch, 62% in lower left, and 62% in lower anterior compared with the elastomeric wafer. In the elastomer wafer group, upper and lower anterior scores were higher than posterior scores, respectively. Females had higher VAS (lower left and anterior) and total PCS scores than males. Regardless of the pain control method, total PCS scores were correlated with total (r = .254), upper total (r = .290), right (r = .258), left (r = .244), and posterior (r = .278) VAS scores.Conclusions: The stress relief method showed no difference when compared with the other groups. Finger pressure was more effective than the elastomeric wafer in the lower jaw. Higher pain levels were recorded for the anterior regions with the elastomeric wafer. Females and pain catastrophizers gave higher VAS scores.
Use of a percutaneous transabdominal catheter for management of obstructive urolithiasis in goats, sheep, and potbellied pigs: 69 cases (2000–2014)
Authors: Chigerwe Munashe , Heller Meera C. , Balcomb Christie C. , Angelos John A. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the use of a percutaneous transabdominal catheter (PTC) for urinary bladder drainage in goats, sheep, and potbellied pigs with obstructive urolithiasis.
DESIGN Retrospective case series.
ANIMALS 43 goats, 10 sheep, and 16 potbellied pigs (all males) with obstructive urolithiasis evaluated at the University of California-Davis Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital.
PROCEDURES Medical records of goats, sheep, and potbellied pigs examined because of obstructive urolithiasis from January 2000 through December 2014 were reviewed. Records of animals for which a standard PTC had been placed into the urinary bladder as part of disease management were selected. Data were collected regarding signalment, complications associated with PTC placement, and duration of PTC placement prior to removal.
RESULTS 42 of 43 goats, 5 of 10 sheep, and all potbellied pigs were castrated. Median (range) duration of PTC placement was 2 (1 to 4) days for goats, 1 (1 to 4) day for sheep, and 1 (1 to 3) day for potbellied pigs. Complications associated with PTC placement included blockage of the catheter by urine sediment, perforation of the cecum, and migration of the catheter out of the urinary bladder.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Placement of a PTC into the urinary bladder allowed for effective stabilization of goats, sheep, and potbellied pigs with obstructive urolithiasis while acid-base and electrolyte imbalances were corrected. Use of a PTC should be considered for urinary bladder drainage during medical management or prior to surgical management of obstructive urolithiasis for these species.