bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indications for Differential Diagnosis of Nontumor Central Nervous System Diseases from Tumors
Authors: Mineura Katsuyoshi , Sasajima Toshio , Kowada Masayoshi , Ogawa Toshihide , Hatazawa Jun , Uemura Kazuo 
Published: February 2016

AbstractTo accurately differentiate nontumor central nervous system (CNS) diseases from brain tumors, we retrospectively evaluated the cerebral circulation and metabolism in patients with nontumor CNS diseases using positron emission tomography (PET). Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), cerebral blood volume (rCBV), oxygen extraction fraction (rOEF), the metabolic rates of oxygen (rCMR02), and of glucose (rCMRGI), and the uptake of 11C–methyl–L–methionine (11C–Met) were visually evaluated in lesions and compared with values for the contralateral white matter regions. PET findings were correlated with those of x–ray computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and were analyzed for nontumor CNS diseases and cerebral gliomas. rCBF and rCBV were changeable from disease to disease or from stage to stage of disease progression. rOEF and rCMR02 remained low in 5 and 6, respectively, of 9 nontumor CNS diseases examined, whereas these parameters were increased in CNS infections such as brain abscess. Overall, noteworthy was the locally increased rOEF and rCMR02 in the patients with a brain abscess in contrast to the values for patients with gliomas. rCMRGI reflected biological characteristics of each disease, and correlated with cell density, whether reactive glial cells or inflammatory cells. 11C–Met was accumulated at a certain stage of nontumor CNS diseases, which implied uptake of the tracer as a result of disruption of the blood–brain barrier as well as metabolic incorporation.
Self‐Paced Versus Metronome‐Paced 7 Finger Movements
Authors: Wessel, Karl , Zeffiro, Thomas , Toro, Camilo , Hallett, Mark 
Published: February 2016

AbstractTo evaluate the hypothesis that self‐paced movements are mediated primarily by the supplementary motor area, whereas externally triggered movements are mainly affected by the lateral premotor cortex, different movements in 6 healthy volunteers were studied while changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) were measured using positron emission tomography (PET) and15O‐labeled water. Subjects made a series of finger opposition movements initiated in a self‐paced manner every 4 to 6 seconds, and separately, made continuous finger opposition movements at a frequency of 2 Hz paced by a metronome. The primary motor cortex, lateral area 6, cerebellum on both sides, and caudal cingulate motor area, and the putamen and thalamus on the contralateral side were more active during the metronome‐paced movements. The increase in rCBF in these areas are likely the result of the larger number of movements per minute made with the externally triggered task. The anterior supplementary motor area and rostal cingulate motor area in the midline, prefrontal cortices bilaterally, and lobus parietalis inferior on the ipsilateral side were more active during the self‐paced movements. Increase in rCBF in those areas, which include medial premotor structures, may be related to the increased time devoted to planning the movement in this condition.
Vasodilatory Responses and Magnetic Resonance Angiography
Authors: Levine, Ross L. , Turski, Patrick A. , Turnipseed, William D. , Dulli, Douglas A. , Grist, Thomas M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis study measured the responses of both extracranial (internal carotid arteries) and intracranial (middle cerebral/angular, basilar arteries) intravascular arterial volume flow rates to acetazolamide using phase‐contrast magnetic resonance angiography. Twenty‐eight newly studied patients were subdivided into four groups: Group I‐Nonocclusive, asymptomatic (n = 7, or 14 carotid and middle cerebral/angular artery sides); Group II‐unilateral carotid transient ischemic attacks, nonhemodynamic (embolic), varying stenoses (n = 11); Group III‐unilateral carotid transient ischemic attacks, hemodynamic, varying stenoses (n = 5); and Group IV‐unilateral carotid occlusion, asymptomatic (n = 5). The data were separated into nonischemic and ischemic sides so as to illustrate group differences based on vasodilatory responses to acetazolamide. For example, the percent change in volume flow rates over baseline values for the ischemic‐side middle cerebral arteries of Group III was significantly the lowest of all of the vasodilatory responses (‒25 ± 11% vs 40 ± 14% for group II ischemic middle cerebral/angular artery sides, p = 0.008). Group III patients also had significantly lower standing blood pressures (p = 0.012), higher number of transient ischemic attacks (p = 0.008), and shorter duration of events (p = 0.013). Determinations of volume flow rate continue to assist in determining the degree of hemodynamic compromise of a particular vascular territory.
Using Transcranial Duplex Sonography for Monitoring Vessel Patency During Surgery for Intracranial Aneurysms
Authors: Mursch, Kay , Schaake, Theodor , Markakis, Evangelos 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis article reports a method for reliable intraoperative monitoring of blood flow velocities in the basal cerebral arteries during clipping of intracerebral aneurysms. Transcranial color‐coded duplex sonography provides practical integration of transcranial Doppler technology with real‐time imaging capabilities through the intact human skull. With a computerized sonography system equipped with a 2.5‐MHz probe in 50 healthy volunteers, the contralateral internal carotid artery, A1 and A2, as well as M1 and P1 vessels were identified and measured in most patients. In 13 patients undergoing clipping of intracranial aneurysms, the technique successfully imaged 12; it allowed definitive identification of vessels potentially threatened by clipping and not fully visible to the surgeon. Data were easily comparable to preoperative data. This noninvasive, repeatable neuroimaging technique provides useful intraoperative information about intracranial hemodynamics during clipping of intracranial aneurysms.
Fast Inversion Recovery for Myelin Suppression (FIRMS)
Authors: Wolansky, Leo J. , Chiang, Peter K. , Liu, Wen-Ching , Gonzales, Reynaldo N. , Holodny, Andrei I. , Baker, Stephen R. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractFast inversion recovery for myelin suppression is a new magnetic resonance sequence with the ability to increase gray‐white matter contrast. This can improve the definition of normal anatomical structures.
Fluctuating MRI Findings in a Patient with Central Nervous System Idiopathic Hypereosinophilic Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Doherty Elizabeth A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractCentral nervous system involvement in the idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome is well recognized and is probably the result of an eosinophilic–derived neurotoxin. This report documents evanescent magnetic resonance imaging findings correlating with active central nervous system disease and subsequent treatment effects.
Central Nervous System Lesions Associated with Crohn's Disease
Authors: Brohee P. , Violon P. , Mavroudakis N. , Pirotte B. , Brotchi J. , Zegers de Be D. , Hildebrand J. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractCentral nervous system vasculitis is an exceptional extraintestinal manifestation of Crohn's disease. Reported here are 2 cases, highlighting the difficulty of differential diagnosis with multiple sclerosis and stressing the importance of early immunosuppressive therapy.
lntraoperative Color Duplex Sonography of Basal Arteries During Aneurysm Surgery
Authors: Woydt M. , Greiner K. , Perez J. , Krone A. , Roosen K. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis prospective study aimed at (1) characterizing the duplex sonographic appearance of cerebral aneurysms, (2) visualizing their location, and (3) ensuring the complete occlusion of the aneurysm as well as the patency of the basal arteries during aneurysm surgery. During 9 months 30 craniotomies for aneurysm clipping in 29 patients were monitored intraoperatively by Bmode and color–coded duplex sonography. Following craniotomy the aneurysm and the preaneurysmatic and postaneurysmatic arteries were sonographically visualized before and after clipping and removal of the spatulas. Twenty–seven (90%) of 30 aneurysms appeared as a hypoechoic structure. Together with the typical dichromatic picture in the color mode and the characteristic bidirectional flow pattern in the duplex mode, 29 (97%) of 30 aneurysms were identified and localized anatomically correctly. Eighty (99%) of 81 relevant vessels were visualized and measured with the Doppler mode. After clipping, flow was detectable in all major arteries except 3 middle cerebral artery (MCA) branches. In 1, occlusion was confirmed by postoperative angiography. In the other 2, early postoperative computed tomography showed an infarction of the corresponding MCA territories. This study demonstrated the potential of color duplex sonography to visualize and characterize cerebral aneurysms and adjacent basal arteries before and after clipping. It offers a noninvasive intraoperative method to control the patency of basal arteries and complete occlusion of the aneurysm.
Power Doppler Compared to Color‐Coded Duplex Sonography in the Assessment of the Basal Cerebral Circulation
Authors: Postert Thomas , Meves Saskia , Börnke Christian , Przuntek Horst , Büttner Thomas 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPower–based transcranial duplex sonography (p–TDS) is a new promising ultrasound technique that generates intravascular coloc slgnols from the omplltode of the echo slgnol. The pcesentinvestigation was undertaken to determine the advantages and limitations of power Doppler in the assessment of the basal cerebral circulation compared with transcranial color–coded realtime sonography (TCCS) and contrast–enhanced transcranial color–coded real–time sonography (CE–TCCS). Thirty–eight patients without cerebrovascular diseases were examined with p–TDS and TCCS, and in 11 patients CE–TCCS studies were performed. The M1 segment could be identified in 100% by both ultrasound techniques. p–TDS visualized M2 (67/70 vs 46/70, p < 0.0001), A2 (63/70 vs 46/70, p < 0.001), and P2 (67/70 vs 44/70, p < 0.0001) segments significantly more frequently and accurately compared to TCCS. The posterior communicating artery (25170) and P3 segments (32/70) were only detectable by p–TDS and not by conventional TCCS. In comparison with CE–TCCS, p–TDS had no important advantages in the detection of intracranial vessels. In conclusion, p–TDS and CE–TCCS were superior to TCCS with regard to identification of the basal arterial circulation. Both methods permit noninvasive and reliable identification of the basal cerebral circulation.
Balloon Angioplasty of lntracranial Arteries for Stroke Prevention
Authors: Callahan A. S. , Berger Brian L. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractStroke from surgically inaccessible intracranial atherostenosis remains a formidable clinical challenge. While antithrombotic or antiplatelet therapy may prevent distal embolism, there is no effective program for plaque stabilization preventing progression of atherosclerotic stenosis. In patients with isolated circulations (single vertebral with absent posterior communicating arteries, single carotid with contralateral internal carotid artery occlusion, or single carotid with an absent anterior communicating artery), occlusion of the stenotic vessel may produce a low flow–mediated stroke. Fifteen patients with atherosclerotic intracranial stenoses were treated by balloon angioplasty after medical therapy with warfarin failed. Treated territories included the distal internal carotid, proximal middle cerebral, distal vertebral, and basilar arteries. Dilation was successful in all vessels, with residual stenoses averaging less than 30%. Two complications included one paramedian pontine stroke and a single vessel rupture that proved fatal. There was no recurrence of transient ischemic attacks and no restenosis at the angioplasty site over a follow–up period of more than 24 months. In this small series, balloon angioplasty of intracranial vessels provided a therapeutic option for secondary stroke prevention in highly selected patients. Further studies will be necessary to establish the efficacy and safety of endovascular treatment in larger series.
Acute Bilateral Infarcts of the Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery
Authors: Sorenson E. J. , Wijdicks E. F. M. , Thielen K. R. , Cheng T. M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAcute bilateral infarcts in the territory of the posterior inferior cerebellum artery are rare and poorly documented in the literature. Thus, this report describes the clinical course and outcome in 3 patients. Although one was associated with coronary artery bypass surgery, the etiology was not known. Despite large territorial infarcts, the patients recovered to ambulation with minimal assistance.
Ultrasonic Bruits in the Circle of Willis Due to a Large Nonfunctioning Pituitary Adenoma
Authors: Nagai Hidemasa , Moritake Kouzo , Nagao Seiichi , Yamasaki Toshiki 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn a man with a histologically verified nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma with suprasellar extension, Doppler signals resembled those associated with bruits (ultrasonic bruits). These signals were detected in the anterior circulation of Willis both preoperatively and intraoperatively. The large tumor was resected subtotally via a right orbitozygomatic approach. The use of microvascular sonography for intraoperative monitoring can provide information on the potential cerebrovascular complications of surgery. No previous studies on the presence of ultrasonic bruits associated with pituitary adenomas have been reported. The clinical implications for the surgical treatment of pituitary adenomas are discussed.
Comparison of 2D‐ and 3DFT Multiple Overlapping Thin‐Slab Acquisition TOF MR Angiography in Carotid Disease
Authors: Melhem Elias R. , Poon Edward K. , Weinreich David M. , Martinez Rafael D. , Gazit Inna E. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe intended to compare two–dimensional Fourier transform (2DFT) with three–dimensional Fourier transform (3DFT) multiple overlapping thin–slab acquisition (MOTSA) time–of–flight (TOF) magnetic resonance angiography for percent diameter stenosis, length of stenosis, and apparent occlusion at the carotid bifurcation. For that, 101 symptomatic patients (n = 202 carotid bifurcations) were evaluated with 3DFT MOTSA TOF and 2DFT TOF. Three observers measured the percent diameter stenosis from oblique axial multiplanar reformatted (MPR) images and length of stenosis from maximum intensity projection (MIP) images. Kappa analysis assessed interobserver agreement, and the Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to compare the two MR angiographic techniques. There was a significant difference in the percent diameter stenosis (p < 0.01) and length of carotid stenosis (p < 0.01) between 2DFT and 3DFT MOTSA TOF magnetic resonance angiography. Stenosis was greater in 33% of carotid arteries and was upgraded (NASCET) in 17% of carotid arteries on the 2DFT TOF. The number of apparently occluded carotid arteries was equal with both MRA techniques. There was good agreement between the three observers (k = .50).
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Traumatic Cervical Nerve Injuries
Authors: Wysoki Michael , Koenigsberg Robert A. , Camras Lawrence , Ortiz Orlando , O'Mara Ellen , Faro Scott H. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPosttraumatic cervical injuries represent a spectrum of injuries ranging from simple traction to frank nerve root avulsion with meningocele formation . The authors describe 3 patients with cervical nerve injuries, depicted by magnetic resonance imaging, highlighting unusual imaging manifestations.
Spontaneous Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea in a Patient with Pseudotumor Cerebri
Authors: Camras Lawrence R. , Ecanow Jacob S. , Abood Christopher A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractSpontaneous cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea developed in a 46‐year‐old woman with pseudotumor cerebri. The origin of the fistula, the use of contrast computed tomographic cisternography to evaluate this lesion, and its surgical treatment are discussed.
Primary Intravascular Lymphomatosis Associated with Mycobacterium marinum
Authors: Sokol Deborah K. , Azzarelli Biagio , Smith Richard R. , Kassing Laura C. , Roos Karen L. , Pascuzzi Robert M. , Blinkhorn Richard J. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIntravascular lymphomatosis (IVL) is a rare condition in which neoplastic cells preferentially infiltrate blood vessels of the central nervous system. Nonspecific symptoms associated with IVL include dementia, seizures, and multifocal cerebrovascular events. IVL was discovered at autopsy of a patient whose neurological deficits were predated by a particularly aggressive form of Mycobacterium marinum soft–tissue infection. It is speculated that IVL may have had an occult effect on the patient's cellmediated immunity that predisposed him to this normally innocuous mycobacteria.
Reversible Impairment in Cognition and Midbrain Hematoma
Authors: Lee Kwen Peterkin , Pullicino Patrick , Krenzer Robert 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA 78–year–old man presented with a 2–week history of cognitive decline. Computed tomography (CT) showed obstructive hydrocephalus due to a small midbrain hematoma. He regained premorbid neurological status after ventriculostomy. Spontaneous midbrain hemorrhage is a rare cause of cognitive decline that can be diagnosed by CT and treated by shunting.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features of Solitary Inflammatory Brain Masses
Authors: Bakshi Rohit , Glass Jon , Louis David N. , Hochberg Fred H. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBrain lesions in inflammatory diseases may present as solitary masses, prompting a biopsy. We present neuroimaging and histologic findings in five patients with solitary, inflammatory, demyelinating mass lesions located in the supratentorial white matter and gray–white junction. The patients presented with seizures, focal neurologic signs, and neuroimaging findings that indicated the possibility of a neoplasm. Computed tomography (CT) revealed enhancing, sing le hypodense lesions associated with mild or no mass effect. On MRI, the lesions were hypointense on T3–weighted images and hyperintense on T2–weighted images. Variable patterns of enhancement were noted on CT and MRI, including homogeneous/patchy (n = 3) and ring/nodular (n = 1) enhancement. There was no evidence of calcification or hemorrhage. Biopsies revea led a leukoencephalitis and demyelination, with varying degrees of demyelination among the cases. The syndrome, re lating to a solitary lesion, was corticosteroid–sensitive, and it ultimately stabilized. Extensive longitudinal evaluations fai led to reveal multiple sclerosis, infection, or neoplasm. Solitary inflammatory lesions add to the differential diagnosis of large, supratentorial, solitary spaceoccupying lesions noted on CT and MRI scans.
Influence of Liquid Lubrication on the Screw‐Joint Stability of Y‐TZP Implant Abutment Systems
Authors: Basílio Mariana de Almeida , Abi‐Rached Filipe de Oliveira , Butignon Luis Eduardo , Arioli Filho João Neudenir 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the effectiveness of abutment screws coated with liquid Vaseline on the screw‐joint stability of yttria‐stabilized tetragonal zirconia (Y‐TZP) abutment systems.Materials and MethodsForty Y‐TZP prefabricated abutments, 20 Neodent and 20 Bionnovation, were tightened to 20 Ncm on their respective external hexagon implants, and divided into four groups (n = 10) according to the screws: coated with Vaseline or uncoated. The removal torque (RT) value of the abutment screw was measured before and after loading. A cyclic loading (0.5 × 106 cycles; 15 Hz) between 11 and 211 N was applied. Means were compared using a repeated‐measures ANOVA (α = 0.05).ResultsThere was no significant difference between coated and uncoated screws (p = 0.822). Significant differences were found between the abutment systems (p < 0.001). There was a significant effect of cyclic loading (p < 0.001).ConclusionsCoated and uncoated screws presented similar effectiveness in maintaining preload.Clinical RelevanceThe liquid lubricant used in this study does not influence the stability of Y‐TZP single‐implant restorations.
Various patterns of disrupted daily rest–activity rhythmicity associated with diabetes
Authors: Kadono Mayuko , Nakanishi Naoko , Yamazaki Masahiro , Hasegawa Goji , Nakamura Naoto , Fukui Michiaki 
Published: February 2016

SummaryDisruptions to sleep and circadian rhythms have now been recognized as common comorbidities in patients with medical illnesses. We aimed to determine if the diurnal rhythms for rest and activity were disrupted in parallel with the development of diabetic complications. Ninety outpatients in our diabetes clinic who had a body mass index <25 kg m2 wore an actigraph for 7 consecutive days (42 men; mean age 68.7 ± 8.2 years). Patients with neuropsychiatric diseases, liver cirrhosis, renal failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or blindness, or those who performed shiftwork were excluded. We grouped the actigraph recordings into 1‐h periods and counted the number of minutes that showed activity. Stepwise regression analysis showed an association between a diabetic clinical background and measurements of circadian rhythms such as daytime activity, night‐time activity, phase, interdaily stability, intradaily variability and relative amplitude. Higher age, body mass index, total cholesterol levels and insulin usage were associated with lower daytime activity and higher intradaily variability, whereas higher haemoglobin A1c levels and the presence of neuropathy were associated with greater daytime activity. The presence of proliferative retinopathy and increased levels of microalbuminuria were associated with higher intradaily variability and lower interdaily stability and amplitude. The presence of cardiovascular disease was associated with advanced phase, whereas painful neuropathy was associated with delayed phase. Our study demonstrated that different diabetic complications were associated independently with a variety of alterations in the circadian rest and activity rhythms. Our findings have provided novel insights that may be helpful in developing interventions for sleep–wake disorders associated with diabetes.
Sleep problems and internet addiction among children and adolescents: a longitudinal study
Authors: Chen YI‐Lung , Gau Susan Shur‐Fen 
Published: February 2016

SummaryAlthough the literature has documented associations between sleep problems and internet addiction, the temporal direction of these relationships has not been established. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the bidirectional relationships between sleep problems and internet addiction among children and adolescents longitudinally. A four‐wave longitudinal study was conducted with 1253 children and adolescents in grades 3, 5 and 8 from March 2013 to January 2014. The sleep problems of the student participants were measured by parental reports on the Sleep Habit Questionnaire, which catalogues early insomnia, middle insomnia, disturbed circadian rhythm, periodic leg movements, sleep terrors, sleepwalking, sleep talking, nightmares, bruxism, snoring and sleep apnoea. The severity of internet addiction was measured by students’ self‐reports on the Chen Internet Addiction Scale. Based on the results of time‐lag models, dyssomnias (odds ratio = 1.31), especially early and middle insomnias (odds ratio = 1.74 and 2.24), sequentially predicted internet addiction, and internet addiction sequentially predicted disturbed circadian rhythm (odds ratio = 2.40), regardless of adjustment for gender and age. This is the first study to demonstrate the temporal relationship of early and middle insomnia predicting internet addiction, which subsequently predicts disturbed circadian rhythm. These findings imply that treatment strategies for sleep problems and internet addiction should vary according to the order of their occurrence.