bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short‐term Clinical Course of Knee Pain in Children and Adolescents: A Feasibility Study Using Electronic Methods of Data Collection
Authors: Swain Michael S. , Kamper Steven J. , Maher Chris G. , Latimer Jane , Broderick Carolyn , McKay Damien , Henschke Nicholas 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackground and PurposeMusculoskeletal disorders, such as knee pain, are common in children and adolescents, but there is a lack of high quality research that evaluates the clinical course of these conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of conducting a prospective study of children and adolescents with knee pain using electronic methods of data collection.MethodsChildren and adolescents with knee pain that presented to primary care physiotherapy clinics were enrolled and followed‐up on a weekly basis via short messaging service (SMS) until their knee pain had recovered (i.e. two consecutive weeks of no pain). Feasibility was assessed in terms of recruitment, retention and response rates to SMS and an online questionnaire. Baseline and 6‐month follow‐up measures included pain, disability, physical function, physical activity and health related quality of life. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was used to estimate the median time to knee pain recovery.ResultsThirty participants (mean age 13.0 ± 2.2 years, 53% boys) were recruited over 26 months. The overall response rate to weekly SMS follow‐up was 71.3% (809 received/1135 sent). One third of participants stopped responding to SMS prior to recovery, and these participants typically had a much lower response rate during the time they remained in the study. At 6‐month follow‐up, 80% of the cohort completed the final online questionnaire, and 29% of participants still reported current knee pain (≥1/10 VAS). The median time for knee pain recovery was 8 weeks (95%CI: 5, 10).ConclusionElectronic data collection alone seems insufficient to track pain recovery in young people and may need to be supplemented with more traditional data collection methods. Researchers should consider further measures to address slow recruitment rates and high attrition when designing large prospective studies of children and adolescents in the future. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling the WorldView-derived seasonal velocity evolution of Kennicott Glacier, Alaska
Authors: ARMSTRONG W. H. , ANDERSON R. S. , ALLEN JEFFERY , RAJARAM H. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTGlacier basal motion generates diurnal to multi-annual fluctuations in glacier velocity and mass flux. Understanding these fluctuations is important for prediction of future sea-level rise and for gaining insight into glacier physics and erosion. Here, we derive glacier velocity through cross-correlation of WorldView satellite imagery to document the evolution of ice surface velocity on Kennicott Glacier, Alaska, over the 2013 melt season. The summer speedup is spatially uniform over a ~12 km2area, over which the spring velocity varies significantly. Velocity increases by 1.4-fold to tenfold across the study domain, with larger values where spring velocities are low. To investigate the cross-glacier distribution of basal motion required to explain the observed surface speedup, we employ a two-dimensional cross-sectional glacier flow model. We find the model is insensitive to the spatial distribution of basal slip because stress gradient ice coupling diffuses the surface expression of the basal velocity field. While the temporal evolution of the subglacial hydrologic system is critical for predicting a glacier's response to meltwater inputs, our work suggests that glacier and ice-sheet models do not require a detailed representation of subglacial hydrology to accurately capture the spatial pattern of glacier speedup.
The combined effects of soya isoflavones and resistant starch on equol production and trabecular bone loss in ovariectomised mice
Authors: Tousen Yuko , Matsumoto Yu , Matsumoto Chiho , Nishide Yoriko , Nagahata Yuya , Kobayashi Isao , Ishimi Yoshiko 
Published: May 2016

AbstractEquol is a metabolite of the soya isoflavone (ISO) daidzein that is produced by intestinal microbiota. Equol has greater oestrogenic activity compared with other ISO, and it prevents bone loss in postmenopausal women. Resistant starch (RS), which has a prebiotic activity and is a dietary fibre, was reported to promote equol production. Conversely, the intestinal microbiota is reported to directly regulate bone health by reducing inflammatory cytokine levels and T-lymphocytes in bone. The present study evaluated the combined effects of diet supplemented with ISO and RS on intestinal microbiota, equol production, bone mineral density (BMD) and inflammatory gene expression in the bone marrow of ovariectomised (OVX) mice. Female ddY strain mice, aged 8 weeks, were either sham-operated (Sham, n 7) or OVX. OVX mice were randomly divided into the following four groups (seven per group): OVX control (OVX); OVX fed 0·05 % ISO diet (OVX+ISO); OVX fed 9 % RS diet (OVX+RS); and OVX fed 0·05 % ISO- and 9 % RS diet (OVX+ISO+RS). After 6 weeks, treatment with the combination of ISO and RS increased equol production, prevented the OVX-induced decline in trabecular BMD in the distal femur by modulating the enteric environment and altered OVX-induced inflammation-related gene expression in the bone marrow. However, there were no significant differences in bone parameters between the ISO+RS and ISO-alone groups in OVX mice. Our findings suggest that the combination of ISO and RS might alter intestinal microbiota and immune status in the bone marrow, resulting in attenuated bone resorption in OVX mice.
Crude protein levels in diets of lactating goats: nitrogen balance, urea excretion and microbial protein synthesis
Authors: DE JESUS DOS SANTOS E. , ALBUQUERQUE PEREIRA M. L. , PEREIRA DE FIGUEIREDO M. , DE OLIVEIRA SILVA H. G. , FERREIRA DA CRUZ J. , OLIVEIRA BARRETO F. , BORGES SOUSA L. 
Published: May 2016

SUMMARYThe experiment, conducted at Bahia, Brazil, from May to August 2010, aimed to evaluate the nitrogen (N) balance, urea excretion and microbial protein synthesis in lactating goats fed pelleted concentrates with the addition of crude protein (CP), obtained by replacing alfalfa hay with soybean meal. The diets consisted of different levels of CP and 200 g of roughage (Tifton 85 hay)/kg. Maize and mesquite bran were used as the energy source, with maize replaced by mesquite bran in the ratio of 1·7:1. Eight female Saanen goats were used, confined in individual pens and allocated to a 4 × 4 Latin square design. The N balance in the body was positive, and loss of body weight (–0·03 g/day) was observed for the diet with 190 g CP/kg. The concentration (mg/dl) of urea in urine, milk and blood plasma was positively influenced in a linear form, and the highest rate of increase was found in urine, with 2 mg/dl for every 10 g CP/kg added to the diet. The microbial protein synthesis was not affected, but the diets reduced the microbial protein (44 g/day) and its ruminal production efficiency (30 g/kg total digestible nutrients). The levels above 190 g of CP are not recommended because of the energy expenditure required to excrete the urea.
Enhanced Monte Carlo localization incorporating a mechanism for preventing premature convergence
Authors: Chien Chiang-Heng , Wang Wei-Yen , Jo Jun , Hsu Chen-Chien 
Published: May 2016

SUMMARYIn this paper, we propose an enhanced Monte Carlo localization (EMCL) algorithm for mobile robots, which deals with the premature convergence problem in global localization as well as the estimation error existing in pose tracking. By incorporating a mechanism for preventing premature convergence (MPPC), which uses a “reference relative vector” to modify the weight of each sample, exploration of a highly symmetrical environment can be improved. As a consequence, the proposed method has the ability to converge particles toward the global optimum, resulting in successful global localization. Furthermore, by applying the unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) to the prediction state and the previous state of particles in Monte Carlo Localization (MCL), an EMCL can be established for pose tracking, where the prediction state is modified by the Kalman gain derived from the modified prior error covariance. Hence, a better approximation that reduces the discrepancy between the state of the robot and the estimation can be obtained. Simulations and practical experiments confirmed that the proposed approach can improve the localization performance in both global localization and pose tracking.
The significant past and insignificant archaeologists. Who informs the public about their ‘national’ past? The case of Romania
Authors: Popa Cătălin Nicolae 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis paper addresses the role of archaeologists in informing the public about a fundamental component of contemporary Romanian identity: the Dacian heritage. I start by exploring how the Dacians and Romanians came to be connected, a process that resulted from a combination of nationalistic zeal on behalf of archaeologists and the nationalist propaganda of the Ceauşescu regime during the 1970s and 1980s. I then move to the present-day situation, where I argue that archaeologists have reduced themselves to having a minor role in the public sphere, while discussions about the Dacians are dominated by two main players: pseudoarchaeologists and re-enactors. This state of affairs delegitimizes Romanian archaeology and places self-declared specialists and enthusiasts in the position of experts. Some of the Dacian narratives produced in this environment are infused with strong nationalist messages and have the potential to fuel extreme right-wing and even xenophobic movements. Consequently, in the final part of the paper, I recommend that Romanian archaeologists should challenge the representations and interpretations of pseudoarchaeologists and re-enactors. Moreover, academics should make it a priority to re-engage with the public and disseminate their work to a broad audience in a convincing manner.
Hammers and nails. A response to Lindstrøm and to Olsen and Witmore
Authors: Sørensen Tim Flohr 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTwo contrasting arguments on the merits of symmetrical archaeology and an associated discussion of object agency appeared in a recent issue ofArchaeological dialogues(Lindstrøm 2015; Olsen and Witmore 2015). While Torill Christine Lindstrøm extends a thorough, yet hardly new, criticism of the notion of object agency and of symmetrical archaeology, Bjørnar Olsen and Christopher Witmore provide a clarification in its defence (even though their article is oddly categorized byArchaeological dialoguesas a ‘provocation’). In this reaction article, I take issue with a number of arguments by Lindstrøm and by Olsen and Witmore: first of all, I challenge Lindstrøm's representation of object agency, which I believe is in need of corrections. Second, I contend that Lindstrøm fails to identify a number of fundamental contributions within the framework of symmetrical archaeology, thus allowing her to caricature symmetrical archaeology as ‘old wine in new bags’. Third, even though Olsen and Witmore's defence offers helpful clarifications, I believe that their contribution invites us to discuss the vocabulary of symmetrical archaeology, scrutinizing why there is an apparent tendency to misunderstand its arguments and merits. Lastly, I take issue with Lindstrøm's dismissal of ‘different ontologies’ as a result of political correctness.
Suppression of KRas-mutant cancer through the combined inhibition of KRAS with PLK1 and ROCK
Authors: Wang Jieqiong , Hu Kewen , Guo Jiawei , Cheng Feixiong , Lv Jing , Jiang Wenhao , Lu Weiqiang , Liu Jinsong , Pang Xiufeng , Liu Mingyao 
Published: May 2016

AbstractNo effective targeted therapies exist for cancers with somatic KRAS mutations. Here we develop a synthetic lethal chemical screen in isogenic KRAS-mutant and wild-type cells to identify clinical drug pairs. Our results show that dual inhibition of polo-like kinase 1 and RhoA/Rho kinase (ROCK) leads to the synergistic effects in KRAS-mutant cancers. Microarray analysis reveals that this combinatory inhibition significantly increases transcription and activity of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21WAF1/CIP1, leading to specific G2/M phase blockade in KRAS-mutant cells. Overexpression of p21WAF1/CIP1, either by cDNA transfection or clinical drugs, preferentially impairs the growth of KRAS-mutant cells, suggesting a druggable synthetic lethal interaction between KRAS and p21WAF1/CIP1. Co-administration of BI-2536 and fasudil either in the LSL-KRASG12D mouse model or in a patient tumour explant mouse model of KRAS-mutant lung cancer suppresses tumour growth and significantly prolongs mouse survival, suggesting a strong synergy in vivo and a potential avenue for therapeutic treatment of KRAS-mutant cancers.
ISG15 deficiency and increased viral resistance in humans but not mice
Authors: Speer Scott D. , Li Zhi , Buta Sofija , Payelle-Brogard Béatrice , Qian Li , Vigant Frederic , Rubino Erminia , Gardner Thomas J. , Wedeking Tim , Hermann Mark , Duehr James , Sanal Ozden , Tezcan Ilhan , Mansouri Nahal , Tabarsi Payam , Mansouri Davood , Francois-Newton Véronique , Daussy Coralie F. , Rodriguez Marisela R. , Lenschow Deborah J. , Freiberg Alexander N. , Tortorella Domenico , Piehler Jacob , Lee Benhur , García-Sastre Adolfo , Pellegrini Sandra , Bogunovic Dusan 
Published: May 2016

AbstractISG15 is an interferon (IFN)-α/β-induced ubiquitin-like protein. It exists as a free molecule, intracellularly and extracellularly, and conjugated to target proteins. Studies in mice have demonstrated a role for Isg15 in antiviral immunity. By contrast, human ISG15 was shown to have critical immune functions, but not in antiviral immunity. Namely, free extracellular ISG15 is crucial in IFN-γ-dependent antimycobacterial immunity, while free intracellular ISG15 is crucial for USP18-mediated downregulation of IFN-α/β signalling. Here we describe ISG15-deficient patients who display no enhanced susceptibility to viruses in vivo, in stark contrast to Isg15-deficient mice. Furthermore, fibroblasts derived from ISG15-deficient patients display enhanced antiviral protection, and expression of ISG15 attenuates viral resistance to WT control levels. The species-specific gain-of-function in antiviral immunity observed in ISG15 deficiency is explained by the requirement of ISG15 to sustain USP18 levels in humans, a mechanism not operating in mice.
Super-resolution microscopy reveals structural diversity in molecular exchange among peptide amphiphile nanofibres
Authors: da Silva Ricardo M. P. , van der Zwaag Daan , Albertazzi Lorenzo , Lee Sungsoo S. , Meijer E. W. , Stupp Samuel I. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe dynamic behaviour of supramolecular systems is an important dimension of their potential functions. Here, we report on the use of stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy to study the molecular exchange of peptide amphiphile nanofibres, supramolecular systems known to have important biomedical functions. Solutions of nanofibres labelled with different dyes (Cy3 and Cy5) were mixed, and the distribution of dyes inserting into initially single-colour nanofibres was quantified using correlative image analysis. Our observations are consistent with an exchange mechanism involving monomers or small clusters of molecules inserting randomly into a fibre. Different exchange rates are observed within the same fibre, suggesting that local cohesive structures exist on the basis of β-sheet discontinuous domains. The results reported here show that peptide amphiphile supramolecular systems can be dynamic and that their intermolecular interactions affect exchange patterns. This information can be used to generate useful aggregate morphologies for improved biomedical function.
Inhibition of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway promotes castration-resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Kaushik Akash K. , Shojaie Ali , Panzitt Katrin , Sonavane Rajni , Venghatakrishnan Harene , Manikkam Mohan , Zaslavsky Alexander , Putluri Vasanta , Vasu Vihas T. , Zhang Yiqing , Khan Ayesha S. , Lloyd Stacy , Szafran Adam T. , Dasgupta Subhamoy , Bader David A. , Stossi Fabio , Li Hangwen , Samanta Susmita , Cao Xuhong , Tsouko Efrosini , Huang Shixia , Frigo Daniel E. , Chan Lawrence , Edwards Dean P. , Kaipparettu Benny A. , Mitsiades Nicholas , Weigel Nancy L. , Mancini Michael , McGuire Sean E. , Mehra Rohit , Ittmann Michael M. , Chinnaiyan Arul M. , Putluri Nagireddy , Palapattu Ganesh S. , Michailidis George , Sreekumar Arun 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe precise molecular alterations driving castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) are not clearly understood. Using a novel network-based integrative approach, here, we show distinct alterations in the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) to be critical for CRPC. Expression of HBP enzyme glucosamine-phosphate N-acetyltransferase 1 (GNPNAT1) is found to be significantly decreased in CRPC compared with localized prostate cancer (PCa). Genetic loss-of-function ofGNPNAT1in CRPC-like cells increases proliferation and aggressiveness,in vitroandin vivo. This is mediated by either activation of the PI3K-AKT pathway in cells expressing full-length androgen receptor (AR) or by specific protein 1 (SP1)-regulated expression of carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP) in cells containing AR-V7 variant. Strikingly, addition of the HBP metabolite UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) to CRPC-like cells significantly decreases cell proliferation, bothin-vitroand in animal studies, while also demonstrates additive efficacy when combined with enzalutamidein-vitro. These observations demonstrate the therapeutic value of targeting HBP in CRPC.
Decoupling optical function and geometrical form using conformal flexible dielectric metasurfaces
Authors: Kamali Seyedeh Mahsa , Arbabi Amir , Arbabi Ehsan , Horie Yu , Faraon Andrei 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPhysical geometry and optical properties of objects are correlated: cylinders focus light to a line, spheres to a point and arbitrarily shaped objects introduce optical aberrations. Multi-functional components with decoupled geometrical form and optical function are needed when specific optical functionalities must be provided while the shapes are dictated by other considerations like ergonomics, aerodynamics or aesthetics. Here we demonstrate an approach for decoupling optical properties of objects from their physical shape using thin and flexible dielectric metasurfaces which conform to objects’ surface and change their optical properties. The conformal metasurfaces are composed of silicon nano-posts embedded in a polymer substrate that locally modify near-infrared (λ=915 nm) optical wavefronts. As proof of concept, we show that cylindrical lenses covered with metasurfaces can be transformed to function as aspherical lenses focusing light to a point. The conformal metasurface concept is highly versatile for developing arbitrarily shaped multi-functional optical devices.
Geometric spin echo under zero field
Authors: Sekiguchi Yuhei , Komura Yusuke , Mishima Shota , Tanaka Touta , Niikura Naeko , Kosaka Hideo 
Published: May 2016

AbstractSpin echo is a fundamental tool for quantum registers and biomedical imaging. It is believed that a strong magnetic field is needed for the spin echo to provide long memory and high resolution, since a degenerate spin cannot be controlled or addressed under a zero magnetic field. While a degenerate spin is never subject to dynamic control, it is still subject to geometric control. Here we show the spin echo of a degenerate spin subsystem, which is geometrically controlled via a mediating state split by the crystal field, in a nitrogen vacancy centre in diamond. The demonstration reveals that the degenerate spin is protected by inherent symmetry breaking called zero-field splitting. The geometric spin echo under zero field provides an ideal way to maintain the coherence without any dynamics, thus opening the way to pseudo-static quantum random access memory and non-invasive biosensors.
Diverse Chemistry of Stable Hydronitrogens, and Implications for Planetary and Materials Sciences
Authors: Qian Guang-Rui , Niu Haiyang , Hu Chao-Hao , Oganov Artem R. , Zeng Qingfeng , Zhou Huai-Ying 
Published: May 2016

AbstractNitrogen hydrides, e.g., ammonia (NH3), hydrazine (N2H4) and hydrazoic acid (HN3), are compounds of great fundamental and applied importance. Their high-pressure behavior is important because of their abundance in giant planets and because of the hopes of discovering high-energy-density materials. Here, we have performed a systematic investigation on the structural stability of N-H system in a pressure range up to 800 GPa through evolutionary structure prediction. Surprisingly, we found that high pressure stabilizes a series of previously unreported compounds with peculiar structural and electronic properties, such as the N4H, N3H, N2H and NH phases composed of nitrogen backbones, the N9H4 phase containing two-dimensional metallic nitrogen planes and novel N8H, NH2, N3H7, NH4 and NH5 molecular phases. Another surprise is that NH3 becomes thermodynamically unstable above ~460 GPa. We found that high-pressure chemistry of hydronitrogens is much more diverse than hydrocarbon chemistry at normal conditions, leading to expectations that N-H-O and N-H-O-S systems under pressure are likely to possess richer chemistry than the known organic chemistry. This, in turn, opens a possibility of nitrogen-based life at high pressure. The predicted phase diagram of the N-H system also provides a reference for synthesis of high-energy-density materials.
Investigations of metastable Ca2IrO4 epitaxial thin-films: systematic comparison with Sr2IrO4 and Ba2IrO4
Authors: Souri M. , Gruenewald J. H. , Terzic J. , Brill J. W. , Cao G. , Seo S. S. A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe have synthesized thermodynamically metastable Ca2IrO4 thin-films on YAlO3 (110) substrates by pulsed laser deposition. The epitaxial Ca2IrO4 thin-films are of K2NiF4-type tetragonal structure. Transport and optical spectroscopy measurements indicate that the electronic structure of the Ca2IrO4 thin-films is similar to that of Jeff = 1/2 spin-orbit-coupled Mott insulator Sr2IrO4 and Ba2IrO4, with the exception of an increased gap energy. The gap increase is to be expected in Ca2IrO4 due to its increased octahedral rotation and tilting, which results in enhanced electron-correlation, U/W. Our results suggest that the epitaxial stabilization growth of metastable-phase thin-films can be used effectively for investigating layered iridates and various complex-oxide systems.
High-Q side-coupled semi-2D-photonic crystal cavity
Authors: Zhang Jianhao , Liu Weixi , Shi Yaocheng , He Sailing 
Published: May 2016

AbstractHigh-Q semi-2D-photonic crystal cavities with a tapered edge and side-coupled bus waveguide are demonstrated. With a quadratic design, the unloaded cavity presents a theoretical ultrahigh quality factor up to 6.7 × 107 for the condition that there are mere 34 holes in the propagated direction, which is pretty close to the 2D and 1D counterpart. Combined with a side-coupled bus waveguide, an all-pass-type cavity with a loaded quality factor (Q) of over 2.4 × 104 and an extinction ratio over 10 dB are experimentally demonstrated. An experimental loaded Q up to 1.1 × 105 are also achieved by tuning the coupling between the cavity and the bus waveguide, which is much larger than any reported surface-mode cavity. This cavity is quite suitable for sensors, filters and especially optomechanical devices thanks to the mechanical stability of the cavity and flexibility of the bus waveguide.