bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disintegration of the self and the regeneration of ‘psychic skin’ in the treatment of traumatized refugees
Authors: Luci Monica 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis paper presents a tentative understanding of the characteristics of the extreme traumas, elsewhere called ‘complex PTSD’, that some refugees and asylum‐seekers bring into therapy. It suggests that these kinds of traumas suffered during adulthood may involve a disintegration of the self and a loss of ‘psychic skin’. This conceptualization is derived from the treatment of a refugee who survived multiple extreme traumas and with whom efforts were made in therapy to identify a complex methodology making use of supplementary therapeutic tools in addition to individual psychotherapy. The case demonstrates how the disintegration of self implies not only a deep somato‐psychic dissociation, but also a loss of intrapsychic and interpersonal space. In the treatment this was worked through via repetition of the victim‐aggressor dynamics at multiple levels. In the end, the therapeutic context was structured like a set of concentric layers, creating a ‘bandage’ over the patient's wounds whilst his ‘psychic skin’ was able to regenerate. The conditions triggered by extreme traumas in refugees challenge some of the cornerstones of individual psychoanalytic technique, as well as the idea that individual therapy may be thought of as existing in an environmental vacuum.
The effect of landscape complexity and microclimate on the thermal tolerance of a pest insect
Authors: Alford Lucy , Tougeron Kévin , Pierre Jean‐Sébastien , Burel Françoise , van Baaren Joan 
Published: March 2017

AbstractLandscape changes are known to exacerbate the impacts of climate change. As such, understanding the combined effect of climate and landscape on agroecosystems is vital if we are to maintain the function of agroecosystems. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of agricultural landscape complexity on the microclimate and thermal tolerance of an aphid pest to better understand how landscape and climate may interact to affect the thermal tolerance of pest species within the context of global climate change. Meteorological data were measured at the landscape level, and cereal aphids (Sitobion avenae,Metopolophium dirhodumandRhopalosiphum padi) sampled, from contrasting landscapes (simple and complex) in winter 2013/2014 and spring 2014 in cereal fields of Brittany, France. Aphids were returned to the laboratory and the effect of landscape of origin on aphid cold tolerance (as determined byCTmin) was investigated. Results revealed that local landscape complexity significantly affected microclimate, with simple homogenous landscapes being on average warmer, but with greater temperature variation. Landscape complexity was shown to impact aphid cold tolerance, with aphids from complex landscapes being more cold tolerant than those from simple landscapes in both winter and spring, but with differences among species. This study highlights that future changes to land use could have implications for the thermal tolerance and adaptability of insects. Furthermore, not all insect species respond in a similar way to microhabitat and microclimate, which could disrupt important predator–prey relationships and the ecosystem service they provide.
Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus transcriptomes reveal consequences of chemical pretreatment and genetic modification of lignocellulose
Authors: Blumer‐Schuette Sara E. , Zurawski Jeffrey V. , Conway Jonathan M. , Khatibi Piyum , Lewis Derrick L. , Li Quanzi , Chiang Vincent L. , Kelly Robert M. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryRecalcitrance of plant biomass is a major barrier for commercially feasible cellulosic biofuel production. Chemical and enzymatic assays have been developed to measure recalcitrance and carbohydrate composition; however, none of these assays can directly report which polysaccharides a candidate microbe will sense during growth on these substrates. Here, we propose using the transcriptomic response of the plant biomass‐deconstructing microbe, Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus, as a direct measure of how suitable a sample of plant biomass may be for fermentation based on the bioavailability of polysaccharides. Key genes were identified using the global gene response of the microbe to model plant polysaccharides and various types of unpretreated, chemically pretreated and genetically modified plant biomass. While the majority of C. saccharolyticus genes responding were similar between plant biomasses; subtle differences were discernable, most importantly between chemically pretreated or genetically modified biomass that both exhibit similar levels of solubilization by the microbe. Furthermore, the results here present a new paradigm for assessing plant–microbe interactions that can be deployed as a biological assay to report on the complexity and recalcitrance of plant biomass.
Expansion of the ω‐oxidation system AlkBGTL of Pseudomonas putida GPo1 with AlkJ and AlkH results in exclusive mono‐esterified dicarboxylic acid production in E. coli
Authors: van Nuland Youri M. , de Vogel Fons A. , Eggink Gerrit , Weusthuis Ruud A. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryThe AlkBGTL proteins coded on the alk operon from Pseudomonas putida GPo1 can selectively ω‐oxidize ethyl esters of C6 to C10 fatty acids in whole‐cell conversions with Escherichia coli. The major product in these conversions is the ω‐alcohol. However, AlkB also has the capacity to overoxidize the substrate to the ω‐aldehyde and ω‐acid. In this study, we show that alcohol dehydrogenase AlkJ and aldehyde dehydrogenase AlkH are able to oxidize ω‐alcohols and ω‐aldehydes of esterified fatty acids respectively. Resting E. coli expressing AlkBGTHJL enabled exclusive mono‐ethyl azelate production from ethyl nonanoate, with an initial specific activity of 61 U gcdw−1. Within 2 h, this strain produced 3.53 mM mono‐ethyl azelate, with a yield of 0.68 mol mol−1. This strain also produced mono‐ethyl dicarboxylic acids from ethyl esters of C6 to C10 fatty acids and mono‐methyl azelate from methyl nonanoate. Adding ethyl nonanoate dissolved in carrier solvent bis‐(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate enabled an increase in product titres to 15.55 mM in two‐liquid phase conversions. These findings indicate that E. coli expressing AlkBGTHJL is an effective producer of mono‐esterified dicarboxylic acids from fatty acid esters.
Intra‐oral ignition of monopolar diathermy during transnasal humidified rapid‐insufflation ventilatory exchange (THRIVE)
Authors: Onwochei D. , El‐Boghdadly K. , Oakley R. , Ahmad I. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryWe present the case of unanticipated airway ignition during hard palate biopsy. Transnasal humidified rapid‐insufflation ventilatory exchange (THRIVE) and monopolar diathermy were utilised for the procedure, during which an arc arose from the diathermy tip to a titanium implant, causing a brief ignition on the monopolar diathermy grip. This case highlights the need for maintained awareness of fire risk when using diathermy in the presence of THRIVE during airway surgery.
Enclosures from Below: TheMushaa’in Contemporary Palestine
Authors: Alkhalili Noura 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis article traces the declining fortunes of themushaa’, a once‐prominent Levantine culture of common land. Palestinians managed to resist attempts by the Ottoman Empire and the British Mandate to break up themushaa’.Under Israeli colonization, the remaining commons are now subject to another type of appropriation: individual Palestinian contractors seize hold ofmushaa’land and build on it. This article introduces the concept of “enclosures from below”, whilst looking at the dynamics of seizure of the commons by Palestinian refugees, who once were peasants practisingmushaa’on their lands and are now landless, some having become expert contractors. I show that the contractors consider their actions to be a form of resistance against the settler colonial project, manifested in the advancing of the Wall and settlement expansion. This is described through a case study of the Shu'faat area in Jerusalem. Changing uses ofmushaa’land reflect wider tendencies in the Palestinian national project that has become increasingly individualized.
Hospital practices to promote breastfeeding: The effect of maternal age
Authors: Sipsma Heather L. , Jones Krista , Nickel Nathan C. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundBreastfeeding rates are disproportionately low among young mothers in the United States. Although the use of hospital practices to promote breastfeeding is widely supported, the extent to which these practices help explain breastfeeding disparities by maternal age is unclear. Accordingly, we aimed to explore how maternal age may affect (1) receipt of hospital practices and (2) associations between these practices and exclusive breastfeeding.MethodsData were derived from participants (n = 1598) of Listening to Mothers III, a national survey administered to mothers of singleton births in United States hospitals from July 2011 to June 2012. We used multivariable logistic regression models and interaction terms to examine maternal age as an effect modifier.ResultsCompared with mothers aged 30 and older, mothers aged 18‐19 had lower odds of reporting that nurses helped them initiate breastfeeding when ready (OR 0.59 [95% CI 0.35‐0.99]), they roomed‐in with their baby (OR 0.32 [95% CI 0.19‐54]) and they did not receive a pacifier (OR 0.53 [95% CI 0.32‐0.90]). Many associations with breastfeeding were stronger among mothers aged 18‐19 and 20‐24 than mothers aged 25‐29 and 30 and older. Additionally, compared with receiving a pacifier, not receiving a pacifier was associated with greater odds of exclusive breastfeeding at 1 week among mothers aged 30 and older (OR 1.47 [95% CI 1.02‐2.11]) but lower odds among mothers aged 18‐19 (OR 0.26 [95% CI 0.10‐0.70]).ConclusionsHospital practices to promote breastfeeding may be differentially implemented by maternal age. Encouraging teenage mothers to room‐in with their babies may be particularly important for reducing breastfeeding disparities. Pacifier use among babies of teenage mothers requires further exploration.
Cephalometric findings among children with velopharyngeal dysfunction following adenoidectomy—A retrospective study
Authors: Kassem F. , Ebner Y. , Nageris B. , Watted N. , DeRowe A. , Nachmani A. 
Published: March 2017

ObjectivesTo characterise the craniofacial structure by cephalometry, especially the skull base and nasopharyngeal space, in children who underwent adenoidectomy and developed persistent velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD).DesignRetrospective study.SettingSpeech and swallowing clinic of a single academic hospital.ParticipantsThirty‐nine children with persistent VPD following adenoidectomy (mean age 8.0±3.6 years) and a control group of 80 healthy children.Main outcome measuresCephalometric landmarks were chosen; craniofacial linear and angular dimensions were measured and analysed.ResultsThe linear dimensions of the nasopharyngeal area were shorter in the VPD group, S‐Ba (41.6±4.2 mm, P<.05) and S‐Ptm (42.4±5.1 mm, P<.05). The anterior skull base, N‐S, was similar (68.1 mm±6.8).The velum length, Ptm‐P was significantly shorter in the VPD group (27.8±4.3 mm, P<.001). The Ba‐S‐Ptm angle was significantly larger in the VPD group (63.5±5.6°, P<.001). There was no significant difference in cranial base angle (CBA), Ba‐S‐N, between the two groups.ConclusionsCephalometry may provide information regarding persistent postoperative VPD. The nasopharyngeal space angle and velar length appear to be risk factors for persistent VPD after adenoidectomy.
Turf war or collusion: An empirical investigation of conflict of interest between large shareholders
Authors: Wang Zhonghui “Hugo” 
Published: March 2017

AbstractManuscript TypeEmpiricalResearch Question/IssueDoes the smaller blockholder monitor or collude with a larger counterpart in a two‐blockholder firm? Does the larger blockholder prefer not to share private benefits with the smaller blockholder or partially yield control to the smaller counterpart in a coalition? What are the contingent factors that influence the conflict of interest among large shareholders?Research Findings/InsightsIn two‐blockholder firms, the voting power of the larger blockholder negatively impacts the presence of the cumulative voting rule, even if the rule is positively associated with firm value and provides the smaller blockholder a better opportunity to elect directors despite the competition from the larger blockholder. Voting power concentration negatively impacts the adoption of the cumulative voting rule in two‐blockholder firms. The more voting power a smaller blockholder can employ to contest the largest blockholder, the more likely the two‐blockholder firm will observe the cumulative voting rule. Two‐blockholder firms are more likely to observe the cumulative voting rule when a coalition of blockholders has voting power that falls far below a threshold that warrants control of the firm.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsThe empirical analysis of the paper suggests that the larger blockholder is willing to defend the control of the firm and the ability to pursue private benefits at the cost of firm value. The smaller blockholder is more likely to yield to the power of the larger blockholder and choose to collude rather than compete with the largest blockholder. The motivation and ability of a smaller blockholder to monitor the larger blockholder is contingent upon the voting power balance of the two blockholders.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsMinority investors should be alert to potential collusion among large shareholders. Regulators should consider enforcing the cumulative voting rule more widely to facilitate shareholder democracy and improve firm value.
Borderline personality disorder and regularly drinking alcohol before sex
Authors: Thompson Ronald G. , Eaton Nicholas R. , Hu Mei‐Chen , Hasin Deborah S. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIntroduction and AimsDrinking alcohol before sex increases the likelihood of engaging in unprotected intercourse, having multiple sexual partners and becoming infected with sexually transmitted infections. Borderline personality disorder (BPD), a complex psychiatric disorder characterised by pervasive instability in emotional regulation, self‐image, interpersonal relationships and impulse control, is associated with substance use disorders and sexual risk behaviours. However, no study has examined the relationship between BPD and drinking alcohol before sex in the USA. This study examined the association between BPD and regularly drinking before sex in a nationally representative adult sample.Design and MethodsParticipants were 17 491 sexually active drinkers from Wave 2 of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Logistic regression models estimated effects of BPD diagnosis, specific borderline diagnostic criteria and BPD criterion count on the likelihood of regularly (mostly or always) drinking alcohol before sex, adjusted for controls.ResultsBorderline personality disorder diagnosis doubled the odds of regularly drinking before sex [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.26; confidence interval (CI) = 1.63, 3.14]. Of nine diagnostic criteria, impulsivity in areas that are self‐damaging remained a significant predictor of regularly drinking before sex (AOR = 1.82; CI = 1.42, 2.35). The odds of regularly drinking before sex increased by 20% for each endorsed criterion (AOR = 1.20; CI = 1.14, 1.27)Discussion and ConclusionsThis is the first study to examine the relationship between BPD and regularly drinking alcohol before sex in the USA. Substance misuse treatment should assess regularly drinking before sex, particularly among patients with BPD, and BPD treatment should assess risk at the intersection of impulsivity, sexual behaviour and substance use. [Thompson Jr RG, Eaton NR, Hu M‐C, Hasin DS Borderline personality disorder and regularly drinking alcohol before sex Drug Alcohol Rev 2017;36:540‐545]
Evaluation of the modified FINDRISC to identify individuals at high risk for diabetes among middle‐aged white and black ARIC study participants
Authors: Kulkarni Manjusha , Foraker Randi E. , McNeill Ann M. , Girman Cynthia , Golden Sherita H. , Rosamond Wayne D. , Duncan Bruce , Schmidt Maria Ines , Tuomilehto Jaakko 
Published: March 2017

ObjectiveTo evaluate a modified Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) for predicting the risk of incident diabetes among white and black middle‐aged participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study.Research design and methodsWe assessed 9754 ARIC cohort participants who were free of diabetes at baseline. Logistic regression and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate a modified FINDRISC for predicting incident diabetes after 9 years of follow‐up, overall and by race/gender group. The modified FINDRISC used comprised age, body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure medication and family history.ResultsThe mean FINDRISC (range, 2 [lowest risk] to 17 [highest risk]) for black women was higher (9.9 ± 3.6) than that for black men (7.6 ± 3.9), white women (8.0 ± 3.6) and white men (7.6 ± 3.5). The incidence of diabetes increased generally across deciles of FINDRISC for all 4 race/gender groups. ROC curve statistics for the FINDRISC showed the highest area under the curve for white women (0.77) and the lowest for black men (0.70).ConclusionsWe used a modified FINDRISC to predict the 9‐year risk of incident diabetes in a biracial US population. The modified risk score can be useful for early screening of incident diabetes in biracial populations, which may be helpful for early interventions to delay or prevent diabetes.
A systematic review of health‐related quality of life in longitudinal studies of myeloma patients
Authors: Nielsen Lene Kongsgaard , Jarden Mary , Andersen Christen Lykkegaard , Frederiksen Henrik , Abildgaard Niels 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectivesMultiple myeloma (MM) patients report high symptom burden and reduced health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) compared to patients with other haematological malignancies. The aim of this review was to analyse published longitudinal studies including MM patients according to a change in HRQoL scores, which is perceived as beneficial to the patient according to two published guidelines.MethodsA literature search was performed May 2016. Publications with longitudinal follow‐up using the EORTC QLQ‐C30 instrument for HRQoL measurement of physical functioning, global quality of life, fatigue and/or pain were included. An analysis of mean change from baseline was carried out according to minimal important difference (MID).ResultsLarge and medium HRQoL improvements were reported during first‐line treatments. No clinically beneficial change or deteriorations in scores of global QoL or fatigue were reported during relapse treatment. HRQoL data during maintenance therapy are sparse and inconclusive.ConclusionsGuidelines for interpreting changes in HRQoL including definitions of MID have been developed; however, consensus is missing. Improvements in HRQoL are far more likely to occur during first‐line compared to relapsed treatment regimens. The background of these findings should be in focus in future studies, and HRQoL measurements should be integrated in maintenance studies.
Reproductive Consequences of Aggression in a Territorial Songbird
Authors: Krippel Jessica , Ballentine Barbara , Hyman Jeremy 
Published: March 2017

AbstractTerritorial aggression can influence males’ ability to obtain high‐quality resources and access to mates; however, in many species, the reproductive consequences of variation in aggression are unknown. In this study, we investigated how individual variation in aggressive behavior relates to reproductive success in socially monogamous, genetically polygynous song sparrows (Melospiza melodia). Prior research in this species shows that male song sparrows differ in their willingness to engage in agonistic interactions with territorial intruders and that individual variation in aggression appears to have functional significance. Aggressive males have been shown to obtain territories where females produce larger clutch sizes, suggesting that individuals who display high levels of territorial aggression are defending high‐quality territories or females. Further, aggressive males are considered a greater threat to territory‐holding males than less aggressive males. In this study, we ask whether individual differences in aggression are linked to differences in extra‐pair reproductive success, annual reproductive success, and offspring quality. We did not uncover a relationship between aggression and annual reproductive success or patterns of extra‐pair paternity. However, we found that the nestlings of aggressive males grew at a faster rate than the nestlings of less aggressive males. Future studies should attempt to identify mechanisms to explain the relationship between offspring growth rate and male aggression and investigate whether faster offspring growth rates translate to greater survival and recruitment of offspring.
The role ofLeptospiraspp. in horses affected with recurrent uveitis in theUK
Authors: Malalana F. , Blundell R. J. , Pinchbeck G. L. , Mcgowan C. M. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryBackgroundEquine recurrent uveitis (ERU) is a common cause of ocular pain and blindness in horses.Leptospiraspp. have been commonly implicated in the pathophysiology ofERUin mainland Europe and theUSA. No recent studies have been carried out in theUK, butLeptospirais reported not to be a major factor in the aetiology ofERUin theUK.ObjectivesTo establish the prevalence ofLeptospira‐associatedERUin theUKand to identify the serovars involved in these cases; to compare serum vs. aqueous humour antibody levels in cases and controls in order to confirm the diagnosis ofLeptospira‐associatedERU, and to assess the usefulness of serology alone as a confirmatory test forLeptospira‐associatedERUin theUK.Study designCase–control study.MethodsEyes enucleated for clinical reasons inERU‐affected horses were collected. Blood and aqueous humour were obtained to determine antibody levels against a variety ofLeptospiraserovars and C‐values (aqueous humour value/serum value) were calculated. In addition, eyes, blood and aqueous humour were obtained from control cases for comparison. Histopathology was performed in all eyes to confirm uveitis in each case. Differences in seroprevalences betweenERUand control cases and betweenLeptospira‐ and non‐Leptospira‐associatedERUcases were calculated.ResultsA total of 30ERUand 43 control eyes were analysed. Of theERUeyes, only two had a C‐value of >4 (prevalence ofLeptospira‐associated uveitis: 6.7%). Serovarshardjoandjavanicawere detected. There was no difference in seroprevalence between horses with uveitis and control cases (65.5% and 41.9%, respectively; P = 0.11) or betweenLeptospira‐ and non‐Leptospira‐associated uveitis cases (100% and 63.0%, respectively; P = 0.52).Main limitationsThe study was limited by low case numbers. Eyes were presented at different stages of disease. The only test used to detectLeptospirawas the microscopic agglutination test.ConclusionsLeptospira‐associatedERUis uncommon in theUK. Serology alone may not help to definitively diagnoseLeptospira‐associated uveitis in this country.