bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality of Kani-Ban water as a main tributary of Tanjero River for irrigation purposes
Authors: HamaSalh Nizar , Ahmaad Ali 
Published: July 2017

The current study was undertaken to evaluate the suitability of Kani-Ban stream water as one of the main tributary of Tanjero River in Sulaimani for irrigation purpose. Water samples were collected from (6) various locations from November (2013) to April (2014). Water samples were analyzed the various physico-chemical parameters, such as, pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total dissolved solids (TDS), Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3 -, CO3 2-, SO4 2-, Cl-, B, and NO3-. The present work is a trial to evaluate and classify the water quality of Kani-Ban stream for irrigation purpose, by using the model of Irrigation water quality index (IWQI) developed in Brazil .The results obtained on (IWQI) for all sampling sites were within the class of use with no restrictions (excellent) for irrigation. According to the EC and SAR plotted on the US salinity diagram, it is illustrated that water samples of Kani- Ban stream fall in the class of (C2-S1) for locations (1, 2, 3, and 4) indicating medium salinity with low sodium hazards, while other locations (5 and 6) fall in the class of (C3-S1) indicating high salinity with low sodium hazards which can be used for irrigation. While as sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) , all the water samples fell under ‘Low’ class and as per salinity classification (US salinity diagram); all the irrigation water samples fell under low sodium hazards (S1)
1class it means these water samples are suitable for irrigation. The residual sodium carbonate (RSC) values of all water samples under “Safe” category.
Synthesis and evaluation antimicrobial activity of some new S-substituted Quinazolinone containing pentagonal, hexagonal heterocyclic ring
Authors: Al-Majidi S. , Alfraij Redhab 
Published: July 2017

New 1,2,4-triazine, imidazole ,2-aminothiazole, phthalazine and oxazoline derivatives of 2-mercapto-3-phenyl-4(3H)-quinazolinone were synthesized via an important intermediate compound(2) In which formed from reaction of compound(1) with chloroacetyl chloeide in dimethylformamide. The following different steps show the details of this work: The first step involves the conversion of compound (2) in to thiosemicarbazide and thiourea derivatives through its reaction with thiosemicarbazide,thiourea respectively to give compounds 3 and 4. Then cyclization of compounds 3 and 4 by using alkaline media 4N NaOH and concentrated H2SO4 to give compounds (5, 6 and 7) respectively. The second step involves treating compound (2) with hydrazine hydrate in dimethylformamide to give compound (8). Then reaction of prepared compound (8) with different aromatic anhydrides in acetic acid as a solvent to gives compounds (9-13). The third step involves preparation of compounds (14, 15 and 16) via reaction of compound (8) with (1-naphthyl isocyanate, phenylisocyanate and phenyl thioisocyanate) respectively in absolute ethanol. Then cyclization of compounds 14, 15 and 16 with alkaline media in the presence of 4N NaOH and p-bromophenacyl bromide to give compounds (17-22) respectively. The fourth step involves reaction of the prepared compound (8) with carbon disulfide in the presence of potassium hydroxide producing compound (23). The obtained salt (23) was treated with hydrazine hydrate to afford the desirable compound (24). The structure of newly synthesized compounds were identified by spectral methods such as FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, some other physical Properties and some specific reactions.
Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation activity of some new substituted spiro-thiazolidine,Imidazolinone and azetidine derivatives of 5-Bromo Isatine
Authors: Al-Majidi S. , Kaka Hama L. 
Published: July 2017

A series of new 5-BromoIsatin linked to spiro thiazolidinone, Imidazolinone and azetidinone moieties were synthesized. Schiff bases 3-(substituted –imino)-1H-indole-2one(1-5),which were prepared by condensation 5-bromoisatin with different substituted aromatic amine in the presence of glacial acetic acid and Dimethyl- formamide (DMF) as a solvent. Three routs with different reagents were used for the cyclization of the Prepared Schiff bases,the reagents(2-mercaptoaceticacid,2-aminoaceticacid and monochloroacetylchloride) to form spiro-Thiazolidinone(6-10), spiro-imidazolinone (11-15) and spiro-azetidinone (16-20) derivatives respectively. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were identified by spectral methods FTIR,1H-NMR. Furthermore the effects of the preparing compounds on some strains of bacteria and one yeast were studied.
Indirect spectrophotometric determination of folic acid based on the oxidation reaction and studying some of the thermodynamic parameters
Authors: Othman N. , Hasan Sh. , Surchi K. 
Published: July 2017

A simple and sensitive indirect spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of folic acid in pure form and in its pharmaceutical formulations. The method was based on the oxidation of folic acid by iron (III) in acidic medium, then reaction of liberated iron (II) with 2, 2'-bipyridyl to produce a red complex which is water-soluble, stable, and has a maximum absorption at 520 nm against the reagent blank with a molar absorptivity of 2.8338 x 105 L .mol-1.cm-1. Beer’s law is valid over the concentration range of 0.5-18.0 µg/ml folic acid. The values of some thermodynamic parameters [free energy change (∆G), enthalpy change (∆H), and entropy change (∆S)] were estimated from the values of stability constants (K) at different temperatures .It was found that colored product formation was spontaneous, exothermic and accompanied by an increase of random. The proposed method has been applied successfully to determine folic acid in different pharmaceutical preparations.
Origin of Fossiliferous Limestone Beds inside the Upper Part of Tanjero Formation at the Northwest of Sulaimani Area, Kurdistan Region, NE-Iraq
Authors: Karim K. , Ismail Kh. , Baziany M. 
Published: July 2017

The present study is focused on origin of fossiliferous limestone beds that are exposed in the Chaqchaq Valley at 10 kms to northwest of Sulaimani city. These beds are exposed inside upper part of the Tanjero Formation (Upper part of Gurpi Formation in Iran) and, in this study, they are call Chaqchaq limestone. The petrography and age determination proved that they aged Late Maastrichtian and belongs to Aqra Formation (Seymare or Tarbur Formation in Iran). These beds represent the extreme distal facies of the formation. The fossil contents of these beds include large foraminiferas (Omphalocyclus, Orbitoids and Loftusia), fragments of Rudists in addition to solitary corals, echinoderm and gastropods.These fossils are all allochthous and reworked by submarine mass wasting from their original life position in Chwatra–Mawat area.
As the discovered outcrops are located, stratigraphically, near the boundary of Cretaceous and Tertiary ages, it has important contribution on changing paleo-geography and tectonism of northeastern Iraq during Maastrichtian and Paleocene. The paleogeography of the area was consisted of large foreland basin that was covered all north eastern Iraq without any compartmentation. Previously Aqra Formation is recorded in the Imbricated and Thrust Zones while the present study records it in the High Folded Zone for the first time in the Northeastern Iraq. This record will remove the uncertainty that associated with the relations of the stratigraphic units in the Imbricated and Thrust Zones with those of High Folded Zones. In these zones, Tanjero Formation (with Aqra Formation) and Red Bed Series are deposited during Maastrichtian and Paleocene. The occurrence of these beds inside hemiplelagite (upper part of Tanjero
Formation), make the age determination of the beds and their equivalent (Aqra Formation) in the Chwarta Mawat area are possible by planktonic forms. The planktonic foraminiferas show that the age of these beds (Chachaq Limestone) is late Maastrichtian.
Enhancement efficiency of P3HT:PCBM solar cell by different treatment annealing
Authors: Hussein Abdullah , Hussain Waleed , Al-luaiby Hussein , Basova Tamara , Hassan Aseel 
Published: July 2017

Solvent Vapor Annealing (SVA) followed by Post Thermal Annealing (SVA-PA) are demonstrated as attractive methods to anneal polymer blend films and represent a very useful process to control the morphology for high performance polymer solar cells (PSCs). It is found that compared with general annealing processes, the crystallinity of regioregular poly (3-hexylthiophene) (rr-P3HT) has enhanced by performing SVA-PA on freshly deposited films. In this work we have investigated thin film blend produced from P3HT and [6,6]-phenyl-C61 butyric acid methylester (PCBM) materials. This photoactive layer is sandwiched between an anode composed of indium tin oxide (ITO)/poly(3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and Al as the cathode layer. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) study reveals that the SVA annealed films exhibit smooth surface and homogenous conductivity distribution. Moreover, an enhanced light harvesting and increased crystallinity of P3HT in the active layer are observed by UV–vis absorption and X-ray diffraction (XRD). We have seen that thermal annealing significantly improves the optical absorption ability for all treatment. We have also the current density- voltage characteristics and External quantum efficiency (EQE) of different thermal annealing.
The New Application of the Cauchy Operator
Authors: Abdlhusein Mohammed 
Published: July 2017

In this paper, introduced new application of the Cauchy operator, where we define a polynomials ; , then we represent this polynomials by Cauchy operator, to derive the identities of ; in simple way, where we using this representation and the limit technique to introduce the basic identities: generating function, Mehler’s formula and Roger’s formula for ; polynomials. Also we introduce an extension of the generating function, extension of Mehler’s formula and extension of the Roger’s formula. All identities will be derived in this paper depending on the roles of the Cauchy operator given in [1,11].
Mechanical and Physical properties of Medium Density fiber board made from rice husk and fiber coating.
Authors: Majeed Nagheen , Jabber Mohamed , Al-Jabire Nooraldeen 
Published: July 2017

The study includes the preparation of Medium Density fiber board(MDF) made from the
coating paper and rice husk, which are used in the prefabricated furniture panels, and
manufacturing of these panels using PVA polymer as bonding materials. The flexural
strength reach 3.73 MP compared with imported panels of 3.5 MP, thus these
manufactured panels are resistant to combustion. The present study used rise husk with
coating paper at different rate in addition to cement and polymer materials consist of
poly vinyl estate (PVA). In this paper physical and mechanical peoperties of MDF
manufacturer from natural fiber studied. Experimental results show that the density of
MDF are about 339 to 820 Kg/m3. The Bending test are about 0.25 to 3.73 MP. The
water absorption are about 4% to 24%.
Antibiotic Resistance Pattern and Detection of Some ESBL Genes amongDiarrheagenic E. coli O157:H7.
Authors: Faiq Sivan , Abdulrahman Zirak 
Published: July 2017

During the period of 20th of May to1st of November 2013, twenty five isolatesof E. coliO157:H7 were identified among 200 samples taken from children under ten years oldsuffer from diarrhea (68 males and 132 females) admitted to Rapareen Pediatric hospitalsin Erbil City. Isolates were identified from stool sample by using cultural, morphological,biochemical characteristics and serological test. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was donefor all isolates by using fourteen antibiotic types The resistance rate of the isolatestoward these antibiotics were 100 % for AMP, 96% for MET, 76% for CTX, 72% for TEand KF, 68% for TMP, 56% for FEP, 52% for C and SXT, 48% for CRO, 28% for AK,20% for CIP, while the lowest percent 16% was for CN, and all isolates were sensitivefor IPM. Extended spectrum ß-lactamase (ESBL) production was done for all isolates.Out of 25 E. coli O157:H7isolates, 8(32%) were ESBL producers, while17(68%) werenon ESBL producers. The plasmid profile of 25 isolates conducted by using gelelectrophoresis, the results revealed different bands with molecular weight rangingbetween (2kbp- more than 10kbp) in size. The transformation process conductedsuccessfully for (E1 and E15) and the results showed that the resistance genes forampicillin, Cephalothin, Cefepime, metronidazole and trimethoprimwere located onplasmid DNA for E1 isolate, while for E15 isolate, the ampicillin, Cephalothin,Cefepime, ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime, metronidazole and trimethoprimlocated on plasmid.The results of transformation confirmed by gel electrophoresis, and showed that oneplasmids of E1 and two plasmid E15 had been transformed successfully with molecularweight of more than 10 Kbp. All E. coli O157:H7isolates were screened for the presenceof ESBL genes including (blaCTX-M - blaSHV-and blaTEM) on plasmid DNA usingpolymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Results showed that all isolates were positive forthe existence of ( blaSHV-and blaTEM), while 88% of the isolates contained( blaCTXM).
Isolation, Molecular Identification and in vitro Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing of Mycoplasma agalactiae From Goats in Two Provinces of Kurdistan Region-Iraq.
Authors: Sulaiman Rizgar 
Published: July 2017

Mycoplasma agalactiae is one of the causal agents of classical contagious agalactia
(CA). It occurs in many parts of the world and most notably in the Mediterranean
Basin. The aims of this study were isolation and molecular identification of
Mycoplasma agalactiae for the first time in Kurdistan region from goats showing
contagious agalactia and in vitro evaluation of the activities of different
antimicrobial against Mycoplasma agalctiae. During the period of January 2011 to
November 2012 a total of 126 milk samples were collected (68 from Slemani
governorate and 58 from Arbil governorate) from goats that had clinical signs of
CA. Mycoplasma agalactiae was recovered from 102(81%) milk samples out of
(126) divided as; 58 (85.3%) out of 68 milk samples in Slemani governorate were
positive for M. agalactiae while 44(75.9%) out of 58 milk samples were positive in
Arbil governorate. All isolates were confirmed by amplification of 1624 bp uvrC
gene by PCR assay. GenBank accession number of the nucleotide and amino acid
sequences of Slemani and Arbil isolates were reported in this study is (KC 594646),
(KC 594647) respectively. The isolates in current work from both governorates
were showed 99% homology to each other and the topology of the phylogenetic
tree indicated that both field isolates were clustered together and they were
belonging to sub linage that contain most of PG2 strains. Danofloxacine and
Azithromycine showed a great effectiveness against all isolates and may be
considered as standard treatment for CA in this region.
EFFECTS OF ROSEMARY (Rosmorinus officinalis) LEAVES AND ITS VOLATILE OILS ON WHEAT DOUGH PROPERTIES AND BREAD SHELF LIFE.
Authors: Jamil Dara , Saed Mohammad , Jaffar Sahar 
Published: July 2017

The effects of ground rosemary leaves (2.5, 5, and 10%) and rosemary volatile oil (0.1,
0.2 and 0.4%), on wheat dough rheology, fermentation and its bread quality were
studied. Amylograph results showed a decrease in pasting temperature from 63°C to
61.5°C in all VO doses. Also amylograph results showed ground leaves had an inhibitory
effect on dough α-amylase especially at 2.5%. Farinograph results showed only 0.1%
VO had a significant effect on farino parameters while other treatments generally had a
softening effect. Dough fermentation values were decreased at all doses of ground
leaves and VOs except for 0.2% VO which had an activation effect. Also the dough and
loaf volume/weight were also decreased at all doses. The loaf shelf life was dose
dependent and significantly increased against mould growth up to thirty days storage.
Palynological Study of the Genus Valerianella Miller (Valerianaceae) in Kurdistan Region-Iraq.
Authors: Sardar Abdullah , Hussein Shelan , Al-Dabbagh Serwan 
Published: July 2017

The present study dealt with the pollen grains of 11 species of the genus Valerianella
Miller within the family Valerianaceae which have been collected within the field trips
during spring and summer season of year 2014 (about 20 trips) from the different
districts in Kurdistan of Iraq. From the used characters that had a role in the separation of
some species were the pollen shapes, sizes, surface sculpture and the end shapes of the
colpi, generally the pollens had a limited role in the species separation. Photographs have
been taken for the polar and equatorial views of the pollen grains. The species were
Valerianella chlorostephana Boiss., V. coronata (L.) DC., V. dactylophylla Boiss. &
Hohen, V. discoidea (L.) Lois., V. kotschyi Boiss., V. lasiocarpa (Stev.) Betcke,
V.muricata (Stev.) Baxt., V.oxyrhyncha Fisch & Mey, V.pumila (L.) DC., V. tuberculata
Boiss. and V. vesicaria (L.) Moench.
Effects of dietary zinc supplementation during a forced molt on subsequent hen performance and egg quality.
Authors: Ahmed Rebwar , Ali Khasraw 
Published: July 2017

A total of 200 Hy- Line Brown commercial layer hens (64) weeks of age, were used in
this study to investigate the impacts of different dietary zinc supplementation during a
forced molt on subsequent hen performance and egg quality. The hens were randomly
divided into (5) treatment groups of 40 hens each treatment. There were four replicate
cages per treatment. The hens in the treatment 1 (control) were fed a layer ration
containing 0 ppm ZnO, water and feed were provided ad libitum and received 16 hours
of light/day, treatment (2) were fed a layer ration containing 28000 ppm Zn as zinc oxide
for 11 days, treatment (3) 37000 ppm ZnO for 9 days, treatment (4) 46000 ppm ZnO for
7 days, and treatment (5)on-again, off-again program (ON-OFF).The experimental
period was divided into seven periods (1) 64-66, (2) 67-69, (3) 70-72, (4) 73-75, (5) 76-
78, (6) 79-81, (7) 82-84 weeks. The results indicated that different levels of dietary zinc
were improved Hen Day (H.D) egg production and egg weight at periods 70-72, 73-75,
76-78, 79-81, 82-84 weeks, except treatment 37000 ppm ZnO in period 70-72 was
reduced in both egg production and egg weight, yolk and white weight improved also in
these five periods above, feed intake was improved in two periods 70-72 and 73-75
weeks, feed conversion ratio was decreased in two periods 73-75 and 76-78 weeks,
compared to both control and ON-OFF program. Haugh unit was improved in dietary
zinc treatments and ON-OFF program in all periods except period 64-66 weeks
compared to control. The percentage of weight loss was increased in the period 64-67
weeks for all treatments except control. Different dietary zinc supplementation was
increased the concentration of zinc in yolk from 10.20 ppm (control) to 32.84, 29.61 and
51.08 and, white from 3.50 ppm (control) to 5.96, 5.90 and 6.37 ppm for 28000, 37000
and 46000 ppm during fed them with Zn for 11, 9 and 7 days, respectively, but the
concentration of zinc in yolk and white was reduced week by week after following the
refeeding of a control diet and was normally by week 6.
Automatic License Plate Recognition in Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI)
Authors: Ali Abbas , Shareef Shareef , Rashid Tarik 
Published: July 2017

The development of countries increases the number of vehicles on the roads now than
there used to be. Consequently, controlling and managing the congestion of traffic is
virtually difficult without the use of computer technology. This paper aims to identify
automatic license plate recognition (ALPR) of vehicles in Kurdistan Region of Iraq
(KRI). It uses computer vision techniques where a cluster of Gabor feature vectors
using K-means is used, furthermore, the resulted cluster feature is optimized with
Wrapper Sub Eval technique to reduce the dimensionality of features vectors, then, the
optimized features are fed into classification techniques such as Support Vector
Machines (SVMs), K-Nearest neighbors (K-NN) and Radial Basis Function (RBF)
Neural Network in order to examine the recognition rate of the license plate of the
vehicle automatically. The experimental work shows that the proposed technique
produced promising classification results in recognizing license plate of vehicles. The
best optimal accuracy result under various illumination conditions was 96.72.
Improved Driver Drowsiness Monitoring System using Real-time Eye Blinking Method
Authors: Mohammed Aree , Kheder Mohammed , Muhammed Azhee 
Published: July 2017

Drivers with a diminished vigilance level suffer from a marked decline in their
perception; recognition and vehicle control abilities and therefore pose a serious danger
to their own lives and the lives of the other people. According to the National Highway
Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), about 100,000 crashes are the direct result of
driver drowsiness each year. This is the reason why more and more researches are
made to build automatic detectors of this dangerous state. In this paper, an efficient
drowsiness detection system based on eye state (close and open) is developed.The
camera should be fixed in front of the drivers to capture real time frames. After that,
the results from the camera (new frames) are subject to the some vision-based
algorithm to detect the eyes. Finally, the eye blink detection is applied to determine the
state of eyes. There are two states: open state and close state. Based on eye state the
warming alarm or telephone calling should be done to the drivers for preventing
undesired accident. The proposed system will be tested with different light conditions,
namely, day and night vision to show the performance in term of efficiency and
accuracy. The results explain that the proposed system which is based on Android
platform has a high accuracy rate (%97.2) for drowsiness detection especially during
the night vision.
The Impact of Kishk Components on the Physiochemical and Sensory Properties of Kishk
Authors: Zainulabiden Mohammad , Ahmed Tara , Rostam Awaz 
Published: July 2017

Two varieties of wheat, Bakrajo (durum) and Aras (bread wheat) were used to
prepare two sizes of burgul which used as a components in Kishk mixture. Kishk
was prepared in two groups of mixtures: 1:3 and 1:4 burgul : doogh (yogurt
drink) with or without malt (0.5% on flour basis)
Using course burgul granules (>1000μ) decreased gelatinization temperature and
increased Amylograph maximum viscosity compared to use fine burgul granules
(< 350μ) and malt addition, which indicated to present of ungelatinized starch in
dried kishk. Results showed that kishk powder flowability (Carr index) depended
on their agglomeration more than it’s depending on any components of kishk
mixtures. Sensory evaluation showed that an increasing in kishk odor, taste and
color took place when 0.001 part of malt was added.
Some heavy Metal pollution investigation in Sulaimani province groundwater
Authors: Ahmad Ali , Esmail Akram 
Published: July 2017

The paper aims to go into the impact of some heavy metal contamination in the
Sulaimani province groundwater for irrigation purpose. Water samples were collected
from (36) locations in the study area that not the same and the heavy metals such as
(Iron, Zinc, Copper and Manganese) were finding out by using Atomic Absorption
Spectrophotometer. Heavy metal contamination appraisal in ground water required
cognition of pre anthropogenic metal concentrations to act as a reference against which
measured values can be compared. Groundwater taint by heavy metal was
accomplished using Enrichment Factor (EF), Metal Contamination Index (MCI),
Contamination Factor (CF), Pollution Index (PI), Contamination degree (Cd),
modified Contamination Degree (mCd), Pollution load Index (PLI) and Index of geo
accumulation (Igeo). Established on the above exponents, the results indicate the study
groundwater resources to be very low degree of contamination.