bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effectiveness of Physical Activity During Hemodialysis on Dialysis Adequacy in Hemodialysis Patients: A Clinical Trial Study
Authors: Mohamadizadeh Mahmoud , Sharifi Sharif , Motamed Niloufar , Shadman Mohamad amin , pouladi shahnaz 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
In patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis, activity, and rehabilitation are very important to prevent the reduction of muscle strength and performance of the patient undergoing dialysis. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of physical activity during hemodialysis on dialysis adequacy in hemodialysis patients.
Methods
This randomized controlled trial study investigated the impact of pedaling exercise on dialysis effectiveness in 84 hemodialysis patients at Bushehr hospitals. Participants were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (n = 42) that performed 30 minutes of pedaling exercise during their 4-hour dialysis sessions or a control group (n = 42) that received routine hemodialysis. Dialysis adequacy was assessed by comparing pre-and post-dialysis blood samples taken from the arterial line. The study utilized a standardized protocol for collecting blood samples and measured patient weight using a calibrated digital scale. Data analysis was performed using SPSS.ver24 software.
Results
The test and control groups were similar in demographic characteristics, except for age (X2= -3/84, p = 0.001) and education levels (X2 = 10/100, p = 0.006). While there was no significant difference in weight before and after the intervention between the groups (t = 0.223, p = 0.82 before; t = 0.203, p = 0.84 after), both groups showed a substantial weight reduction overall (p < 0.0001). There was no statistically significant difference in weight change (t = 0.80, p = 0.25), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (t = 0.13, p = 1.52), or Kt/V (t = 1.62, p = 0.11) between the test and control groups.
Conclusion
This study found that incorporating pedaling exercise during hemodialysis did not significantly improve dialysis effectiveness, as measured by weight change, BUN levels, or Kt/V. While both groups showed weight loss, there were no statistically significant differences between them. However, the study had limitations due to its small sample size and the specific type of exercise used. Further research with larger cohorts and a wider variety of physical activities is needed to determine if physical activity during hemodialysis can benefit dialysis adequacy and overall patient outcomes.
Trial registration: IRCT code number 20150529022466N15 with registration date: 5.5.2020 and trial Code of Ethics IR.BPUMS.REC.1398.130
Protein design of two-component tubular assemblies like cytoskeletons
Authors: Suzuki Yuta , Noji Masahiro , Sugita Yukihiko , Yamazaki Yosuke , Miyazaki Makito 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Recent advances in protein design have ushered in an era of constructing intricate higher-order structures. Nonetheless, orchestrating the assembly of diverse protein units into cohesive artificial structures akin to biological assembly systems, especially in tubular forms, remains elusive. To this end, here, we introduce the Nature-Inspired Protein Assembly Design (NIPAD), a novel methodology that utilises two distinct protein units to create unique tubular structures under carefully designed conditions. These structures demonstrate dynamic flexibility similar to that of actin filaments, with cryo-electron microscopy revealing diverse morphologies, like microtubules. By mimicking actin filaments, helical conformations were incorporated into tubular assemblies, thereby enriching their structural diversity. Notably, these assemblies can be reversibly disassembled and reassembled in response to environmental stimuli, including changes in salt concentration and temperature, mirroring the dynamic behaviour of natural systems. NIPAD combines rational protein design with biophysical insights, leading to the creation of biomimetic, adaptable, and reversible higher-order assemblies. This approach deepens our understanding of protein assembly design and complex biological structures. Concurrently, it broadens the horizons of synthetic biology and material science, holding significant implications for unravelling life’s fundamental processes and pioneering new applications.
Association of Triglyceride-Glucose Index with the Progression of Atherosclerosis and Impairment of Arterial Endothelial Function
Authors: Hu Yinqin , Xu Zhaohui , Wan Qiqi , Shi Tianyun , Yang Jiahui , Lu Cheng , Shao Qin , Wang Xiaolong , Liu Yongming 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Aims
This study aims to investigate the correlation between the (TyG) index and the progression of atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction.
Methods
We retrospectively collected data from 150 adult inpatients with atherosclerosis who received consistent medical care at the Cardiovascular Department of Shuguang Hospital, affiliated with Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, from January 2018 to December 2023. The TyG index was calculated by using the formula TyG = ln[triglyceride (TG) [mg/dL] × fasting blood glucose (FBG) [mg/dL]/2]. The relationship between TyG and the progression of atherosclerosis, Flow-Mediated Dilation (FMD), Brachial-Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity (baPWV), and Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) was explored using SPSS 27.0 software and R (version 4.3.1, Austria) software.
Results
There was a significant correlation between the patient’s TyG index and the intima-media thickness (IMT) of both carotid and lower limb arteries (P < 0.05). There was also a noteworthy correlation between the TyG index and the peak systolic velocity (PSV) of the left femoral artery (P = 0.019), flow-mediated dilation (FMD), and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) (P < 0.001). After adjusting for confounding factors, logistic regression analysis still showed that TyG is correlated with the progression of atherosclerosis (P < 0.0001). ROC curve analysis demonstrated that the TyG index possessed predictive value for the progression of atherosclerosis in carotid arteries (AUC = 0.774, P < 0.001) and lower limb arteries (AUC = 0.8, P < 0.001) comparable to the Framingham Risk Score.
Conclusion
The TyG index is closely correlated with the progression of atherosclerosis and arterial stiffness.
Computed tomography imaging for assessment at risk of development of MRONJ in oncological patients under antiresorptive drugs
Authors: Barros¹ Francisco Barbara Abreu , Yanaguizawa¹ Wellington Hideaki , Santos¹ Marcos Antônio Lima dos , Gimenez² Thais , Alves Fábio Abreu , Cavalcanti Marcelo Gusmao Paraiso 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Oncological patients subjected to bisphosphonate therapy may develop medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). This study compares the mandibular bone density of these patients with a control group, by using computed tomography (CT), and evaluated whether this imaging modality potentially detects early changes associated with bisphosphonate therapy in oncological patients.
Materials and Methods
This study included 32 patients treated with zoledronic acid and 43 patients in the control group. Two lower mandible regions of interest (total and medullary bone contours) were selected and standardized in patients under antiresorptive drug treatment (experimental group) and the control group. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) test evaluated reproducibility and repeatability, the Shapiro-Wilk test analyzed sample normality, and the independent sample t-test indicated statistical significance.
Results
Inter- and intra-examiner analyses considered the indicators excellent, and dental extractions were the most associated with MRONJ development. Patients subjected to antiresorptive medication experienced higher density in the mandibular medullary bone (p = 0.009) than the control group.
Conclusions
CT was useful to show changes in bone densities in patients using bisphosphonates.
Evaluating the preventive impact of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity using natural language processing and electronic medical records
Authors: Kawazoe Yoshimasa , Tsuchiya Masami , Shimamoto Kiminori , Seki Tomohisa , Shinohara Emiko , Yada Shuntaro , Wakamiya Shoko , Imai Shungo , Aramaki Eiji , Hori Satoko 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

In this retrospective observational study, we evaluated the effects of angiotensin II receptor blockers/angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ARB/ACEI), beta blockers (BB), statins, and calcium channel blockers (CCB) on anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity (AIC) using signals extracted from clinical texts via natural language processing (NLP). The study included 2,935 patients prescribed anthracyclines at a single hospital, with concomitant prescriptions of ARB/ACEI, BB, statins, and CCB. Using propensity score matching, groups with and without these medications were compared, and expressions suggestive of cardiotoxicity extracted via NLP were considered as the outcome. The hazard ratios were 0.47, 0.50, 0.48, and 0.57 for ARB/ACEI, BB, statin, and CCB, respectively, all indicating significant suppression of AIC. In conclusion, NLP-extracted signals from clinical texts reflected the known effects of these medications, demonstrating the feasibility of NLP-based drug repositioning. Further investigation is needed to determine whether similar results can be obtained from electronic medical records of other institutions.
Risk factors for postoperative thrombosis-related complications in patients who undergo meningioma surgery: A Chinese single-center, retrospective study
Authors: Kong Yingying , Jin Beibei , Zhang Yijie , Bu Xiaoning , Long Jianhai 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

ObjectiveTo explore the incidence and risk factors for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) following surgical intervention for meningioma.
Methods In this retrospective, observational study, we enrolled 9067 patients with histologically confirmed meningiomas who underwent surgical resection at our institution between January 2019 and June 2024. Demographic data (including gender, age, and geographic region) and information on postoperative complications (e.g., intracerebral hemorrhage, DVT, and PE) were documented and analyzed. The incidences of postoperative DVT and PE were also recorded. Risk factors for DVT and PE were identified using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses and restricted cubic splines.
Results Among the 9067 included patients, 766 (8.4%) experienced DVT and 32 (0.35%) developed PE. Northeast China, North China, and East China were the top three regions with the highest prevalence of DVT/PE, and the three most affected provinces were Hebei, Shandong, and Inner Mongolia. Univariate logistic regression analysis and restricted cubic splines indicated that age was a significant contributing factor to the development of both DVT and PE. The risk of PE increased in patients aged 42–82 years, as follows: the odds ratio (OR) for PE increased from 1.001 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.000–1.002) at 42 years to 1.044 (95% CI: 1.001–1.088) at 82 years. The incidence of PE was 4.58 (95% CI: 1.37–15.33) times higher in patients aged ≥ 60 years vs < 40 years and 8.58 (95% CI, 1.02–72.03) times higher in those aged ≥ 80 years compared with the 40–60 years group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified age (OR: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.06–1.08) and intracerebral hemorrhage (OR: 6.98; 95% CI: 3.75–13.00) as independent risk factors for DVT. In comparison, age (OR: 1.05; 95% CI: 1.01–1.09) and DVT (OR: 20.21; 95% CI: 9.03–45.27) were risk factors for PE.
Conclusions The incidences of DVT and PE following meningioma surgery were 8.4% and 0.4%, respectively, from 2019 to 2024. In addition to the specific age threshold of > 60 years, a broader age range (42–82 years) is also a risk factor for postoperative PE.
Pythium Insidiosum Biological Characteristics and Treatment: A Strain Cured by Repurposing of Existing Drugs in China
Authors: Liu Xiaoyun , Diao Qiuyue , Li Mingliang , Yang Yuting , Liao Jiaoyin , Cui Zehua , Zhang Haiyan , He Huiling , Huang Jiaobao , Ren Hao , Zhou Fengli , Shan Tijiang , Liao Xiaopin , Sun Jian , Zhang Kouxing 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Pythiosis is an infectious disease caused by P. insidiosum that threatens humans and animals. The number of people being diagnosed with this disease has been increasing worldwide. Pythiosis has a high rate of morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are crucial in determining the prognosis of patients. The character of P. insidiosum has geographical variants, and a comprehensive investigation of it is essential in China.
Methods
In this study, a strain of P. insidiosum was visually and genetically identified, and isolated from a patient at a hospital in Guangzhou. A novel sporulation technique was used to produce zoospores. Microscopic observation was employed to understand the biological properties of P. insidiosum. Drug susceptibility studies on the isolates were conducted in vitro and in vivo.
Results
Our results provide comprehensive evidence that this strain was P. insidiosum, supported by molecular biology, morphology, and biological processes. Drug susceptibility studies showed P. insidiosum was more sensitive to antibiotics than antifungals, with tetracyclines and macrolides being the most sensitive in vitro. In vivo, doxycycline and azithromycin were administered to immunodeficient mice infected with P. insidiosum subcutaneously. The treatment significantly increased the survival rate of infected mice (p < 0.05) and alleviated the histopathology while decreasing the fungal burden in infected mice.
Conclusion
Our study provides theoretical and technical support for effectively treating pythiosis in humans and animals in China.
An Exploration of Health Inequalities in a Tier 3 Specialist Weight Management Service
Authors: Sorrell Caitlin , Brough Grace , Savidge Caroline 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background:
Almost two thirds of the adult UK population is either overweight or obese, a condition associated with physical and psychological comorbidities. Evidence shows that engaging with specialist weight management services can lead to significant reductions in weight. However, little is known about how legally protected characteristics impact on access to services and on outcomes. The purpose of this evaluation was to explore any barriers and health inequalities related to patients’ age, gender, disability, ethnicity, and socio-economic background in access or outcomes within a Tier 3 specialist Weight Management service in the UK.
Methods:
The evaluation was conducted in a pragmatic paradigm. Mixed methods were used in an iterative design where findings informed action. The evaluation included a narrative literature review, a quantitative demographic analysis on equity of access to the service (n=1896), a quantitative analysis on patient pathways and outcomes (n=2148), a patient focus group and interview (n=3), staff interviews (n=7) and a survey amongst referring General Practitioners (n=9).
Results:
Both weight stigma and male gender are perceived as barriers to accessing and engaging with weight management. Fewer men than women are referred to and access the service. However, after 52 weeks, both genders have similar outcomes in terms of BMI reduction. Older adults are under-represented in the service due to a lower referral rate, but they achieve higher than average BMI reduction. People from areas with the highest levels of deprivation are over-represented at referral and as starters in the service, and whilst they have lower-than-average BMI reduction after six months, longer engagement (12 months) achieves above average outcomes. Mistrust and disempowerment can be barriers to access but support from staff can help build trust and empowerment, facilitating positive outcomes. Staff’s existing skills facilitate working with people with protected characteristics, yet skills gaps still exist that act as barriers.
Conclusions:
Individual, societal and structural factors intertwine to generate inequalities. Relationship-building and empathy skills from health professionals, combined with improved communication, practical information, and support may alleviate these inequalities. However, some sample sizes were small and generalisations may only be made with caution.
Tricuspid valve papillary fibroelastoma in an adult patient ： a case report and review of literature
Authors: Ji Zhenchun , Yu Changhui , Musha Kadeerjiang , Lin Liangqiang , Saimi Baihetiya , Abudurexiti Abudusalamu , Huang Haoyue , Shen Zhenya 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Tricuspid valve papillary fibroelastoma is a primary benign tumor of the heart located in the tricuspid valve. It has a risk of embolism.Here, we report a case of Tricuspid valve papillary fibroelastoma. The lesion was surgically removed, and a cure was finally achieved. There was no recurrence after telephone follow-up for 1 years.
Case presentation
This article reports on a 51-year-old female patient who was admitted to the hospital with chest tightness and shortness of breath for three years.Transthoracic echocardiography showed a mass of about 10*9 mm large at the root of the right atrial surface of the anterior tricuspid valve leaflet, which could be seen activities with valve opening and closing.The patient underwent resection. Histopathology revealed the mass to be a papillary fibroelastoma.
Conclusions
Tricuspid valve papillary fibroelastoma remains a very rare benign cardiac tumor, but its incidence has increased in recent years. Echocardiography can provide a reliable method for the diagnosis. Early resection combined with tricuspid valvuloplasty can prevent serious complications such as embolization.
Predicting Suicide Outcomes: An Analysis of Key Factors and Machine Learning Models
Authors: Bazrafshan Mohammad , Sayehmiri Kourosh 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background: Suicide attempts are lethal and self-destructive behaviors that, in some cases, lead to death or irreversible physical harm and are associated with various factors. This study aimed to identify suicide-related death risk factors.
Materials and Methods: This study utilized data recorded in the suicide registry system of hospitals in Ilam Province. The data were analyzed via the Chi-square test in SPSS software. After the factors influencing suicide-related death were identified, their significance was evaluated and compared via logistic regression via the Python programming language and SPSS software. Subsequently, models for predicting suicide outcomes were developed via support vector machine (SVM), logistic regression, K-nearest neighbors (KNN), decision tree (DT), and random forest (RF) methods. These models were compared based on accuracy, recall, F1 score, and area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.
Results: Among 3,833 cases of suicide in various hospitals in Ilam Province, the results indicated that the method of suicide (P<0.001), reason for attempting suicide (P<0.001), age group (P<0.001), education level (P<0.001), marital status (P=0.008), and employment status (P=0.002) were significantly associated with suicide-related death. Variables such as the season of suicide attempt, sex, father's education level, and mother's education level were not significantly related to suicide-related death. Furthermore, the random forest model demonstrated the highest area under the ROC curve (0.79) and the highest classification accuracy and F1 score on both the training data (0.85 and 0.2, respectively) and test data (0.87 and 0.22, respectively) for predicting suicide outcomes among the models tested.
Conclusion: This study revealed that older age, lower education level, divorce or widowhood, retirement, the use of physical methods and tools for suicide, and socioeconomic problems were significantly associated with suicide-related deaths. Additionally, the random forest model showed the best performance among the models tested in predicting suicide outcomes when these factors were used.
Genome size variation in the Poaceae supertribe Poodae, the major grass lineage of temperate climates (tribes Aveneae, Festuceae and Poeae)
Authors: Tkach Natalia , Winterfeld Grit , Röser Martin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Nuclear DNA amounts were examined by flow cytometry for 70 genera and 214 species and subspecies taxonomically belonging to the supertribe Poodae of the grass subfamily Pooideae. This supertribe contains most of the grasses distributed in the temperate extratropical regions of the world and is important because of its many cultivated species (e.g., grains) and its prominence as a major component of grasslands. The majority of holoploid genome sizes (2C values) ranged from 5 to 10 pg, with the full range of values representing a 30-fold variation. Most monoploid genome sizes (1Cx values) were between 2 and 3 pg, with a total of 12.3-fold variation. The minimum values in Poodae are only about twice those of Brachypodium stacei, which has the smallest genome known for the subfamily Pooideae, and those of rice and some other species of the rice subfamily (Oryzoideae) and a few species of the subfamily Panicoideae with miniature genomes. The maximum values of our study group are among the largest found within the whole family Poaceae, only slightly surpassed by a some in the tribe Triticeae (wheat and related species). The effects of polyploidy and dysploidy, their association with genome “downsizing” as well as with cases of size increase, were analyzed in both autopolyploids and allopolyploids. The origin of the low chromosome number of only x= 2 in some Poodae species and the transition from perennial to annual life form were addressed in the light of genome sizes, which were also discussed in a phylogenetic framework.
10-Year Outcomes of Targeted Axillary Surgery after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer
Authors: Lee Jeeyeon , Kang Byeongju , Kim Hye Jung , Kim Won Hwa , Chae Yee Soo , Lee Soo Jung , Lee In-Hee , Park Ji-Young , Park Nora Jee-Young , Park Ho Yong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background: When pathological complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is achieved, identifying traces of the previous tumor site or lymph nodes and performing accurate surgery becomes challenging. We conducted ultrasound-guided targeted axillary surgery (TAS) in patients with node-positive breast cancer treated with NAC. Survival outcomes were compared with those of patients who underwent conventional axillary lymph node dissection (ALND).
Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 235 patients (TAS, n=78; ALND, n=157) with cT1-3N1-2 breast cancer who underwent NAC followed by surgery from 2012 to 2017. Patients were treated with standard treatments, and oncologic results, including locoregional recurrence-free survival, distant metastasis-free survival, and overall survival (OS), were assessed over a 10-year follow-up period.
Results: There was no significant difference in oncologic outcomes between two groups and based on subtypes, including hormone receptor (HR)-positive, HER2-positive, and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). In the HR-positive breast cancer group, the TAS and ALND groups showed very similar trends . In HER2-positive breast cancer, although not statistically significant, the survival outcomes were better in the TAS group than in the ALND group. However, the OS in the TAS group for TNBC was lower than that in the ALND group, though not significantly.
Conclusions and Relevance: This study demonstrates that TAS is comparable to ALND in terms of 10-year oncological outcomes across different types of node-positive breast cancer, suggesting its potential as a viable alternative.