bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The 2024 British Society for Rheumatology guideline for management of systemic sclerosis
Authors: Denton Christopher P , De Lorenzis Enrico , Roblin Elen , Goldman Nina , Alcacer-Pitarch Begonya , Blamont Emma , Buch Maya H , Carulli Maresa , Cotton Caroline , Del Galdo Francesco , Derrett-Smith Emma , Douglas Karen , Farrington Sue , Fligelstone Kim , Gompels Luke , Griffiths Bridget , Herrick Ariane , Hughes Michael , Pain Clare , Pantano Georgina , Pauling John D , Prabu Athiveeraramapandian , O’Donoghue Nuala , Renzoni Elisabetta A , Royle Jeremy , Samaranayaka Muditha , Spierings Julia , Tynan Aoife , Warburton Louise , Ong Voon H 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This guideline was developed according to the British Society for Rheumatology Guidelines Protocol by a Guideline Development Group comprising healthcare professionals with expertise in SSc and people with lived experience, as well as patient organization representatives. It is an update of the previous 2015 SSc guideline. The recommendations were developed and agreed by the group and are underpinned by published evidence, assessed by systematic literature review and reinforced by collective expert opinion of the group. It considers all aspects of SSc including general management, treatment of organ-based complications, including cardiopulmonary, renal and gastrointestinal tract manifestations, as well as broader impact of disease. Whilst it is focused on adults with SSc we expect that the guideline will be relevant to people of all ages and expert input and review by paediatric rheumatologists and other relevant specialists considered where the guideline was, or may not be, applicable to young people with SSc and juvenile-onset disease. In addition to providing guidance on disease assessment and management the full guideline also considers service organization within the National Health Service and future approaches to audit of the guideline. The lay summary that accompanies this abstract can be found in Supplemental information 1.
Cognitive Mechanisms of Aberrant Self-Referential Social Perception in Psychosis and Bipolar Disorder: Insights From Computational Modeling
Authors: Lasagna Carly A , Tso Ivy F , Blain Scott D , Pleskac Timothy J 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
Individuals with schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) show disruptions in self-referential gaze perception—a social perceptual process related to symptoms and functioning. However, our current mechanistic understanding of these dysfunctions and relationships is imprecise.

Study Design
The present study used mathematical modeling to uncover cognitive processes driving gaze perception abnormalities in SZ and BD, and how they relate to cognition, symptoms, and social functioning. We modeled the behavior of 28 SZ, 38 BD, and 34 controls (HC) in a self-referential gaze perception task using drift-diffusion models parameterized to index key cognitive components: drift rate (evidence accumulation efficiency), drift bias (perceptual bias), start point (expectation bias), threshold separation (response caution), and nondecision time (encoding/motor processes).

Study Results
Results revealed that aberrant gaze perception in SZ and BD was driven by less efficient evidence accumulation, perceptual biases predisposing self-referential responses, and greater caution (SZ only). Across SZ and HC, poorer social functioning was related to greater expectation biases. Within SZ, perceptual and expectancy biases were associated with hallucination and delusion severity, respectively.

Conclusions
These findings indicate that diminished evidence accumulation and perceptual biases may underlie altered gaze perception in patients and that SZ may engage in compensatory cautiousness, sacrificing response speed to preserve accuracy. Moreover, biases at the belief and perceptual levels may relate to symptoms and functioning. Computational modeling can, therefore, be used to achieve a more nuanced, cognitive process-level understanding of the mechanisms of social cognitive difficulties, including gaze perception, in individuals with SZ and BD.
Glutathione S‐transferase‐Pi 1 protects cells from irradiation‐induced death by inhibiting ferroptosis in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Zhu Yan , Chen Yifan , Wang Yuling , Zhu Yuchun , Wang Hongyan , Zuo Mengzhe , Wang Jianliang , Li Yonggang , Chen Xuelian 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGlutathione S‐transferase‐Pi 1 (GSTP1) is an isozyme that plays a key role in detoxification and antioxidative damage. It also confers resistance to tumor therapy. However, the specific role of GSTP1 in radiotherapy resistance in pancreatic cancer (PC) is not known. In this study, we investigated how GSTP1 imparts radioresistance in PC. The findings of previous studies and this study revealed that ionizing radiation (IR) induces ferroptosis in pancreatic cancer cells, primarily by upregulating the expression of ACSL4. Our results showed that after IR, GSTP1 prolonged the survival of pancreatic cancer cells by inhibiting ferroptosis but did not affect apoptosis. The expression of GSTP1 reduced cellular ferroptosis by decreasing the levels of ACSL4 and increasing the GSH content. These changes increase the resistance of pancreatic cancer cells and xenograft tumors to IR. Our findings indicate that ferroptosis participates in irradiation‐induced cell death and that GSTP1 prevents IR‐induced death of pancreatic cancer cells by inhibiting ferroptosis.
Updated guidelines for chronic kidney disease
Authors: Ness Becky , Mosman Amy 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an increasingly common condition worldwide that leads to substantial mortality. Research in the past decade has informed significant advances in preventing CKD or delaying its progression, mainly through new medications. This progress, however, requires adequate screening and identification of early CKD to truly transform patient outcomes. Revised guidelines from the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes consortium of experts aim to help clinicians incorporate these advances into practice. This article summarizes key updates from the guidelines regarding the evaluation and management of CKD that can lead to better patient outcomes.
Managing neonatal hyperbilirubinemia
Authors: Chastain Andrew P. , Geary Anne L. , Bogenschutz Kevin M. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
More than 80% of newborn infants experience jaundice as a result of elevated bilirubin during the first few weeks after birth. In most cases, hyperbilirubinemia is physiologic, but persistent and extreme elevations can lead to serious long-term complications, such as kernicterus. To avoid these complications and help clinicians in the successful assessment, evaluation, and treatment of hyperbilirubinemia, the American Academy of Pediatrics updated its clinical practice guideline for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. This article reviews the guideline and highlights significant updates, such as an elevation in the threshold for phototherapy and exchange transfusion, inclusion of gestational age, and removal of racially based norms.
Original Research: Alarm Fatigue: Exploring the Adaptive and Maladaptive Coping Strategies of Nurses
Authors: Obisesan Olawunmi , Barber Ericka , Martin Patricia , Brougham Nicole , Tymkew Heidi 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
To improve patient safety, hospitals use alarm notification systems to increase nurses' real-time situational awareness of a patient's condition. Such alarms are critical to nurses' clinical decision-making and prioritization, thus helping to improve patient care and care efficiency. But the frequent and often simultaneous ringing of alarms, including many that are false, nonemergent, or nonactionable, has led to overwhelm, alarm distrust, and desensitization, resulting in alarm fatigue.

Purpose:
This study aimed to explore oncology nurses' lived experiences with alarms and the adaptive and maladaptive strategies they use to cope with alarm fatigue.

Methods:
This qualitative, phenomenological study was guided by the theoretical framework of the Roy Adaptation Model. A purposive sample of nine nurses was recruited from two oncology units at a large midwestern Magnet hospital in the United States. Qualitative data were collected using a six-question, semistructured interview guide. Interviews were conducted either face-to-face in a private conference room on the unit or via the online videoconferencing platform Zoom.

Results:
Data analysis yielded five themes, the most prominent being the high volume and frequency of alarms. Nurse participants reported adopting more maladaptive than adaptive coping strategies. Overall, they felt that the high frequency of false, nonemergent, and nonactionable alarms disrupted their workflow and contributed to a general desensitization to alarms.

Conclusions:
This study's findings offer valuable insight into the problem of alarm fatigue among nurses. Practical measures are urgently needed to reduce nurses' cognitive overload; shift nonnursing responsibilities to other staff; and implement efficiency-focused process changes, such as reengineering workflows to minimize interruptions. Every effort should be made to redesign protocols to reduce alarm fatigue, including by decreasing the number of false, nonemergent, and nonactionable calls and alarms.
Functional Medicine in Nursing
Authors: Sager Brigitte 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Functional medicine is a patient-centered approach that seeks to address the underlying causes of disease rather than focusing on managing the symptoms. This article explains the core principles of functional medicine and explores the potential for nurses to learn and incorporate functional medicine into their practice. By adopting a functional medicine approach, nurses can promote a more personalized and collaborative health care environment that can improve patient outcomes and empower patients to take an active role in their own health journey.
Preliminary Validation of a Clinical Reasoning Theory-Based Assessment Rubric
Authors: Deschênes Marie-France , Dionne Éric , Robert-Boluda Laura 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Questions persist regarding the evaluation of cognitive processes related to clinical reasoning when resolving situations in a learning by concordance tool. This Delphi technique study aimed to validate a clinical reasoning assessment rubric based on script theory. Seventeen experts participated in the study. Two rounds of consultation were conducted to obtain a consensus on the accuracy and clarity of the rubric descriptors (clarity index and content validity index ≥ 0.9). The results inform future research procedures and the intended use of the rubric to facilitate evaluator inferences, provide student feedback, and support the development of learners’ clinical reasoning.
Maternal Perception of Infant Sleep and Bonding in Opioid Use Disorder
Authors: Xu Joyce H. , Merhar Stephanie L. , Defranco Emily A. , McAllister Jennifer M. , Terplan Mishka , Nidey Nichole L. 
Published: September 2024

Objective
Infant sleep problems are common in early infancy and can negatively influence maternal-infant bonding. As opioid-exposed neonates are at increased risk of sleep difficulties, we examined the association between maternal perception of infant sleep difficulties and maternal-infant bonding among dyads affected by maternal opioid use disorder (OUD), from birth through 6 months.

Methods
We enrolled 100 birthing people (participants) between 6 months and 2 years postpartum who had received medications for OUD during their pregnancy. Participants answered questions regarding maternal and infant characteristics, as well as the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ), on which higher scores indicate decreased maternal-infant bonding. Unadjusted and adjusted linear regression models were used to examine the association between infant sleep and bonding.

Results
Of 100 study participants, 91 completed the PBQ. Of these, 55% reported difficulties with their infant’s sleep during the first 6 months postpartum. Although bonding scores were overall strong, those who reported infant sleep difficulties scored on average 10.40 points higher on the PBQ (β = 10.40; 95% confidence interval, 5.94–14.85) than participants who did not report sleep difficulties, indicating the negative association between infant sleep problems and bonding. This effect remained after adjusting for relevant maternal-infant characteristics (β = 6.86; 95% confidence interval, 2.49–11.24).

Conclusions
In this study among postpartum individuals with OUD, maternal perception of infant sleep problems was associated with reduced maternal-infant bonding. This relationship between infant sleep and bonding offers a target for supporting dyads affected by OUD.
Association of Quality of Life and Visual Function in Glaucoma With Tests of Structure and Function
Authors: Bektaş Fatma Merve , Tekeli Oya 
Published: September 2024

Précis:
In addition to standard automated perimetry tests, contrast sensitivity (CS) testing and macular analyses may predict changes in the quality of life (QOL) in patients at different stages of glaucoma.

Objective:
To examine the relationship between functional and structural tests of visual function and the 25-item National Eye Institute-Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ-25) and the 36-item Short Form (SF-36) Health Survey in patients with different stages of glaucoma.

Materials and Methods:
Standard automated perimetry tests, optical coherence tomography scans, and CS testing were prospectively performed in 160 patients with glaucoma. The Hoddap-Parrish-Anderson staging system was used for glaucoma staging. Health-related QOL questionnaires (NEI-VFQ-25, SF-36) were also administered to all patients.

Results:
The study group comprised 29 patients with suspected glaucoma, 104 with mild glaucoma, 15 with moderate glaucoma, and 12 with severe glaucoma. The mean total score of the NEI-VFQ-25 was 88.8 ± 8.2. The SF-36 did not show a significant correlation with the data on functional and structural tests of visual function, whereas the NEI-VFQ-25 showed a low to moderate correlation (r = 0.212 to −0.492). Vision parameters can explain up to 18.6% of the total score of the NEI-VFQ-25. CS was the only function significantly correlated with glaucoma suspects, whereas, in the early stages, visual acuity was the strongest correlated function with the NEI-VFQ-25 total score (P = 0.003 and r = 0.551; P = 0.001 and r = 0.343, respectively). The impact of the visual field on vision-related QOL increased in the advanced stages (P = 0.013, r = 0.688). The macular retinal ganglion cell plus inner plexiform layer thickness remained associated with NEI-VFQ-25 at all stages of glaucoma (r = 0.335 to 0.802). The NEI-VFQ-25 total score and most of the subscales were correlated with the physical and mental component summary scores of the SF-36 (r = 0.159 to 0.587).

Conclusion:
Visual acuity correlated the most with QOL in patients with glaucoma, as measured with the NEI-VFQ-25 to assess QOL in glaucoma. The impact of visual functions on QOL varies at different stages of glaucoma.
A Nomogram of Predicting Healthcare-associated Infections in Burned Children
Authors: Long Tengfei , Hu Xuejiao , Liu Ting , Hu Guanfeng , Fu Jie , Fu Jing 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are a common clinical concern associated with adverse prognosis and mortality in burned children. This study aimed to construct a predictive nomogram of the risk of HAIs in burned children.

Methods:
Children admitted to the burn unit of Wuhan Third Hospital between 2020 and 2022 were included. The univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were adopted to ascertain predictors of HAIs. A nomogram was developed to predict the HAI risk of each patient, with receiver operating characteristic curves and calibration curves being generated to assess its predictive ability. Furthermore, decision and impact curves were used to assess the clinical utility.

Results:
Of 1122 burned children, 61 (5.5%) patients experienced HAIs. The multivariate analysis indicated that total burn surface area, length of stay, surgery, central venous catheter use and urinary catheter use were the independent risk factors of HAIs. Using these variables, we developed a predictive nomogram of the occurrence of HAIs in burned children, and the internal validation results demonstrated good discrimination and calibration of the nomogram. The area under the curve values of the nomogram was 0.926 (95% CI, 0.896–0.957). The calibration curve showed high consistency between the actual and predicted HAIs. The decision and impact curve indicated that the nomogram was of good clinical utility and more credible net clinical benefits in predicting HAIs.

Conclusions:
The present study constructed a nomogram for predicting the risk of HAIs in burned children. This nomogram may strengthen the effective screening of patients at high risk of HAIs.
An Australian Single-center Cohort of Pediatric Empyema: Incidence, Pathogens and Disease Severity, and the Interaction of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Le Fevre Emily R. , Selvadurai Hiran , Haggie Stuart 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Empyema is the most common complication of pediatric community-acquired pneumonia, posing a significant morbidity to children. Clinicians have observed an increase in empyema rates and acuity in the years following the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods:
This retrospective analysis of children managed for empyema in a tertiary pediatric hospital, aimed to compare the incidence and describe the clinical characteristics prepandemic and postpandemic (2017–2023).

Results:
There were 222 empyema cases, with a median age of 3 years (0.3–15 years). The majority (87.8%) of cases were managed with a chest drain and fibrinolytics. The remaining underwent minimally invasive video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. Admissions postpandemic were associated with significantly longer lengths of stays (14 vs 12 days, P ≤ 0.001), higher rates of pediatric intensive care unit admissions (32% vs 26%, P = 0.045), and they required higher level of care (inotropes, noninvasive and invasive ventilation). There were also significantly higher rates of Streptococcus pyogenes (28% vs 7%, P ≤ 0.001), while rates of other organisms were not significantly different. We also noted a significant reduction in immunization rates post-pandemic (95.8% vs 83.1%, P < 0.01); however, there was no significant difference in S. pneumoniae serotypes between epochs.

Conclusions:
This study demonstrates an increased rate and severity of pediatric empyemas in the post-pandemic period. We propose that the increase was secondary to the increased rates of S. pyogenes seen in the postpandemic period. This rise in infection rates may be alleviated with nonpharmacologic measures aimed at reducing transmission; however, such measures are not sustainable and should be avoided.
Sex, Gender, and Other Factors That Influence Infections for Men and Women
Authors: Johnson Chandler , Baldwin Amy , Bruner Lia Pierson , Rohr-Kirchgraber Theresa M. , Lin-Greenberg Alan , Rosenthal Ken S. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this review, the anatomical, physiological, immunological, societal, and behavioral differences that influence infections for men and women will be reviewed followed by a discussion of differences in vaccine responses and the nature of infections of different organ systems. This is the third in a series of reviews that examine differences in infectious disease presentation for different demographics. Previously, infectious disease differences were compared for children and for older adults. This and the previous reviews are highly appropriate for sharing with, and educating colleagues, residents and students.
Substance Use Stigma Among Clinical and Nonclinical Staff Who Provide Care for People With HIV in the Deep South: A Pilot Training Intervention
Authors: Figgatt Mary C. , Jaiswal Jessica , Bassler John , Gagnon Kelly , Mulrain Morgan , Reed-Pickens Harriette , O'Beirne Ronan , Eaton Ellen F. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Substance use stigma is a barrier to care among people with HIV (PWH), which is exacerbated in the Deep U.S. South. Nurses and nonclinical staff serve a central role in strengthening and expanding care coordination in clinics that serve PWH. We sought to implement and evaluate a pilot training intervention that aimed to reduce substance use stigma among clinical and nonclinical staff who provide care for PWH in the Deep South. In total, 32 clinical and nonclinical staff from five clinics participated in the training, of whom 22% were nurses and 38% were linkage coordinators. We evaluated the association between the intervention and stigma by asking respondents about their agreement with varying levels of stigmatized statements both before and after the training. Overall, we observed a slight reduction in stigma scores. This training has promise as one low-burden approach to substance use stigma reduction in HIV care settings.
Effect of extracorporeal shock wave therapy on the microbial community in burn scars: retrospective case–control study
Authors: Jung Yeongyun , Kim Ryeong-Hui , Lee Eun Kyung , Seo Cheong Hoon , Joo So Young , Shin Jae-Ho , Cho Yoon Soo 
Published: September 2024

Background:
The effectiveness of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) has been demonstrated in various medical fields, including burn medicine. It promotes wound healing, improves blood flow, and modulates the inflammatory responses. The recovery speed and outcomes of skin diseases are influenced by the skin microbiome; however, studies examining the effects of specific treatments on the skin microbiome are lacking. This study investigated the impact of ESWT on the skin microbiome of burn patients, focusing on the microbial diversity and community structure within burn scars.

Materials and methods:
In the retrospective case–control study, 19 patients with burn scars were treated with ESWT, and changes in their skin microbiome were evaluated. ESWT was administered weekly for 3 months, and samples were collected from the ESWT-treated burn scars and untreated normal skin. Blood chemistry, and pain and itching scores were evaluated during sample collection. The collected samples were then subjected to 16S rRNA sequencing. Microbial community analysis was conducted using the QIIME2 and R packages.

Results:
After ESWT, changes in alpha diversity indices were observed in burn scars. Faith phylogenetic diversity (P<0.05) and observed features (P<0.01) increased, whereas the evenness index decreased (P<0.01); no marked changes were noted in untreated skin. Beta diversity analysis showed stable microbial community structures in both the treated and untreated areas. A considerable increase in Micrococcus and Staphylococcus abundance was observed. Network analysis revealed a more open microbial network structure after ESWT, indicating adaptive changes in the microbial community.

Conclusion:
ESWT enhances microbial diversity and modifies microbial community structure in burn scars, promoting a more balanced and functionally supportive microbiome. ESWT aids in scar remodeling and positively influences skin microbiome dynamics, contributing to improved skin health and recovery.