bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increasing Dietary Medium-Chain Fatty Acid Ratio Mitigates High-fat Diet-Induced Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis by Regulating Autophagy
Authors: Wang Mu-En , Singh Brijesh K. , Hsu Meng-Chieh , Huang Chien , Yen Paul M. , Wu Leang-Shin , Jong De-Shien , Chiu Chih-Hsien 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPrevious studies have demonstrated that saturated fatty acids (SFAs) are more lipotoxic than unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) in inhibiting hepatic autophagy and promoting non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, there have been few studies have investigated the effects of carbon chain length on SFA-induced autophagy impairment and lipotoxicity. To investigate whether SFAs with shorter carbon chain lengths have differential effects on hepatic autophagy and NASH development, we partially replaced lard with coconut oil to elevate the ratio of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) to long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) in a mouse high-fat diet (HFD) and fed mice for 16 weeks. In addition, we treated HepG2 cells with different combinations of fatty acids to study the mechanisms of MCFAs-mediated hepatic protections. Our results showed that increasing dietary MCFA/LCFA ratio mitigated HFD-induced Type 2 diabetes and NASH in mice. Importantly, we demonstrated that increased MCFA ratio exerted its protective effects by restoring Rubicon-suppressed autophagy. Our study suggests that the relative amount of LCFAs and MCFAs in the diet, in addition to the amount of SFAs, can significantly contribute to autophagy impairment and hepatic lipotoxicity. Collectively, we propose that increasing dietary MCFAs could be an alternative therapeutic and prevention strategy for Type 2 diabetes and NASH.
Ionic Circuits Powered by Reverse Electrodialysis for an Ultimate Iontronic System
Authors: Han Seok Hee , Kwon Seung-Ryong , Baek Seol , Chung Taek-Dong 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDespite numerous reports on iontronic devices, there has been no whole circuit working in aqueous media including even power source. Herein, we introduce complete ionic circuits powered by reverse electrodialysis (RED) for the first time without employing any electronic components. The RED-driven polyelectrolyte diode successfully shows rectification behavior which is verified by monitoring dynamic ion distribution through fluorescence in real-time. We can also turn on and off the voltage applied to the circuit, and apply an arbitrary voltage by precisely manipulating the pressure imposed to an elastic connection tube filled with electrolyte. Furthermore, this new concept containing ionic power source advances to a more sophisticated ionic OR logic gate. The proposed system paves the way to develop not only passive iontronic devices (e.g. current ionic diode), but active ones requiring a source of energy, particularly such as a neuron-like information processor powered by fully ionic systems, and thereby aqueous computers.
Nonreciprocal light propagation in coupled microcavities system beyond weak-excitation approximation
Authors: Zheng Anshou , Zhang Guangyong , Chen Hongyun , Mei Tingting , Liu Jibing 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe propose a scheme for nonreciprocal light propagation in two coupled cavities system, in which a two-level quantum emitter is coupled to one of the optical microcavities. For the case of parity-time ($${\mathscr{P}}{\mathscr{T}}$$
P
T
) symmetric system (i.e., coupled active-passive cavities system), the cavity gain can significantly enhance the optical nonlinearity induced by the interaction between a quantum emitter and cavity field beyond weak-excitation approximation. The increased optical nonlinearity results in the non-lossy nonreciprocal light propagation with high isolation ratio in proper parameters range. In addition, our calculations show that nonreciprocal light propagation will not be affected by the unstable output field intensity caused by optical bistability, and we can even switch directions of nonreciprocal light propagation by appropriately adjusting the system parameters.
Damage mechanisms in defected natural fibers
Authors: Beaugrand Johnny , Guessasma Sofiane , Maigret Jean-Eudes 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA novel experimental setup is presented to reveal damage mechanisms in bast fibers. 3D imaging at submicronic scale based on X-ray micro-tomography is combined within-situtensile experiments of both elementary fibers and bundles. The results reveal that the relevant scale that drives failure of hemp lignocellulosic fibers is submicronic.In-situtensile experiments assisted by X-ray micro-tomography shows complex damage mechanisms involving the constitutive sub-layer structure, fiber extraction defects like kink bands, and the tubular porosity of the natural fiber.
Multi-heterodyne two dimensional coherent spectroscopy using frequency combs
Authors: Lomsadze Bachana , Cundiff Steven T. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractOptical multi-dimensional coherent spectroscopy is a powerful technique for studying the structure, properties and ultrafast dynamics of atoms, molecules, semiconductor materials and complex systems. Current implementations of multi-dimensional coherent spectroscopy have long acquisition times and/or limited spectral resolution. In addition, most of the techniques utilize complex geometries or phase cycling schemes to isolate non-linear signals. We demonstrate a novel approach of using frequency combs to perform rapid, high resolution and background free multi-dimensional coherent spectroscopy of semiconductor materials. Our approach is inspired by dual-comb spectroscopy, which has been proven to be a versatile tool for obtaining one dimensional absorption spectra with high resolution in a short acquisition time. We demonstrate the method using a GaAs multi-quantum well sample.
Probing Resistance Mutations in Retroviral Integrases by Direct Measurement of Dolutegravir Fluorescence
Authors: Thierry Eloïse , Lebourgeois Samuel , Simon Françoise , Delelis Olivier , Deprez Eric 
Published: October 2017

AbstractFDA-approved integrase strand transfer inhibitors (raltegravir, elvitegravir and dolutegravir) efficiently inhibit HIV-1 replication. Here, we present fluorescence properties of these inhibitors. Dolutegravir displays an excitation mode particularly dependent on Mg2+ chelation, allowing to directly probe its Mg2+-dependent binding to the prototype foamy virus (PFV) integrase. Dolutegravir-binding studied by both its fluorescence anisotropy and subsequent emission enhancement, strictly requires a preformed integrase/DNA complex, the ten terminal base pairs from the 3′-end of the DNA reactive strand being crucial to optimize dolutegravir-binding in the context of the ternary complex. From the protein side, mutation of any catalytic residue fully abolishes dolutegravir-binding. We also compared dolutegravir-binding to PFV F190Y, G187R and S217K mutants, corresponding to HIV-1 F121Y, G118R and G140S/Q148K mutations that confer low-to-high resistance levels against raltegravir/dolutegravir. The dolutegravir-binding properties derived from fluorescence-based binding assays and drug susceptibilities in terms of catalytic activity, are well correlated. Indeed, dolutegravir-binding to wild-type and F190Y integrases are comparable while strongly compromised with G187R and S217K. Accordingly, the two latter mutants are highly resistant to dolutegravir while F190Y shows only moderate or no resistance. Intrinsic fluorescence properties of dolutegravir are thus particularly suitable for a thorough characterization of both DNA-binding properties of integrase and resistance mutations.
A formulation of pancreatic pro-enzymes provides potent anti-tumour efficacy: a pilot study focused on pancreatic and ovarian cancer
Authors: Perán Macarena , López-Ruiz Elena , García María Ángel , Nadaraia-Hoke Shorena , Brandt Ralf , Marchal Juan A. , Kenyon Julian 
Published: October 2017

AbstractProteolytic enzymes have shown efficacy in cancer therapy. We present a combination of the two pro-enzymes Trypsinogen and Chymotrypsinogen A with potent in vitro and in vivo anti-tumour efficacy. A synergetic anti-tumour effect for Trypsinogen and Chymotrypsinogen A was determined at a ratio 1:6 (named PRP) using 24 human cancer cell lines. The antiangiogenic effect of PRP was analysed by matrigel-based tube formation and by fibrous capsule formation assays. Furthermore, cell invasion and wound healing assays together with qRT-PCR determination of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers were performed on human cancer cells treated with PRP. Additionally, in vivo pharmacokinetic studies were implemented and the PRP’s anti-tumour efficacy was explored against orthotopic pancreatic and ovarian cancer tumours. PRP formulation was proven to inhibit in vitro angiogenesis, tumour growth, cancer cell migration and invasiveness; and to be an effective and well tolerated in vivo anti-tumour treatment. Finally, the clinical efficacy of a suppository formulation containing both pancreatic pro-enzymes in the context of a UK Pharmaceuticals Special Scheme was evaluated in advanced cancer patients. Consequently, PRP could have relevant oncological clinical applications for the treatment of advanced or metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma and advanced epithelial ovarian cancer.
Rapid and PCR-free DNA Detection by Nanoaggregation-Enhanced Chemiluminescence
Authors: Singh Renu , Feltmeyer Alexandra , Saiapina Olga , Juzwik Jennifer , Arenz Brett , Abbas Abdennour 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe aggregation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is known to induce an enhancement of localized surface plasmon resonance due to the coupling of plasmonic fields of adjacent nanoparticles. Here we show that AuNPs aggregation also causes a significant enhancement of chemiluminescence in the presence of luminophores. The phenomenon is used to introduce a rapid and sensitive DNA detection method that does not require amplification. DNA probes conjugated to AuNPs were used to detect a DNA target sequence specific to the fungus Ceratocystis fagacearum, causal agent of oak wilt. The hybridization of the DNA target with the DNA probes results in instantaneous aggregation of AuNPs into nanoballs, leading to a significant enhancement of luminol chemiluminescence. The enhancement reveals a linear correlation (R2 = 0.98) to the target DNA concentration, with a limit of detection down to 260 fM (260 × 10−15 M), two orders of magnitude higher than the performance obtained with plasmonic colorimetry and absorption spectrometry of single gold nanoparticles. Furthermore, the detection can be performed within 22 min using only a portable luminometer.
Recordings of Caenorhabditis elegans locomotor behaviour following targeted ablation of single motorneurons
Authors: Chew Yee Lian , Walker Denise S. , Towlson Emma K. , Vértes Petra E. , Yan Gang , Barabási Albert-László , Schafer William R. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractLesioning studies have provided important insight into the functions of brain regions in humans and other animals. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, with a small nervous system of 302 identified neurons, it is possible to generate lesions with single cell resolution and infer the roles of individual neurons in behaviour. Here we present a dataset of ~300 video recordings representing the locomotor behaviour of animals carrying single-cell ablations of 5 different motorneurons. Each file includes a raw video of approximately 27,000 frames; each frame has also been segmented to yield the position, contour, and body curvature of the tracked animal. These recordings can be further analysed using publicly-available software to extract features relevant to behavioural phenotypes. This dataset therefore represents a useful resource for probing the neural basis of behaviour in C. elegans, a resource we hope to augment in the future with ablation recordings for additional neurons.
The ALFA4Hearing Model (At-a-Glance Labeling for Features of Apps for Hearing Health Care) to Characterize Mobile Apps for Hearing Health Care
Authors: Paglialonga Alessia , Pinciroli Francesco , Tognola Gabriella 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
The aim of the study was to analyze, by using the ALFA4Hearing model (At-a-Glance Labeling for Features of Apps for Hearing Health Care), a sample of apps over a wide range of services in the hearing health care (HHC) domain in order to take a first picture of the current scenario of apps for HHC.

Method
We tested 120 apps, and we characterized them by using the ALFA4Hearing model, which includes 29 features in 5 components (Promoters, Services, Implementation, Users, and Descriptive Information). We analyzed (a) the distribution of the 29 features in the sample, (b) the relationship between the Implementation features and the Services provided by the apps, and (c) the distribution of the 29 features in apps for professional use.

Results
The analysis of our sample of apps by means of the ALFA4Hearing model highlighted interesting trends and emerging challenges. Also, results suggested many potential opportunities for research and clinical practice, such as greater involvement of stakeholders, improved evidence base, higher technical quality, and usability.

Conclusions
The ALFA4Hearing model is able to represent, at a glance, a large amount of information about apps for HHC, highlighting trends and challenges. It might be useful to HHC professionals as a basis for app characterization and informed decision making.
Subjective Fatigue in Children With Hearing Loss Assessed Using Self- and Parent-Proxy Report
Authors: Hornsby Benjamin W. Y. , Gustafson Samantha J. , Lancaster Hope , Cho Sun-Joo , Camarata Stephen , Bess Fred H. 
Published: October 2017

PurposeThe primary purposes of this study were to examine the effects of hearing loss and respondent type (self- vs. parent-proxy report) on subjective fatigue in children. We also examined associations between child-specific factors and fatigue ratings.MethodSubjective fatigue was assessed using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Multidimensional Fatigue Scale (PedsQL-MFS; Varni, Burwinkle, Katz, Meeske, & Dickinson, 2002). We compared self- and parent-proxy ratings from 60 children with hearing loss (CHL) and 43 children with normal hearing (CNH). The children ranged in age from 6 to 12 years.ResultsSchool-age CHL experienced more overall and cognitive fatigue than CNH, although the differences were smaller than previously reported. Parent-proxy report was not strongly associated with child self-report, and parents tended to underestimate their child's fatigue, particularly sleep/rest fatigue. Language ability was also associated with subjective fatigue. For CHL and CNH, as language abilities increased, cognitive fatigue decreased.ConclusionsSchool-age CHL experience more subjective fatigue than CNH. The poor association between parent-proxy and child reports suggests that the parent-proxy version of the PedsQL-MFS should not be used in isolation when assessing fatigue in school-age children. Future research should examine how language abilities may modulate fatigue and its potential academic consequences in CHL.
A Review of Phonological Development of Mandarin-Speaking Children
Authors: Li Xin Xin , To Carol K. S. 
Published: October 2017

PurposeResearch into the phonological development of Chinese children is in its infancy compared with the relatively extensive data available on the English-speaking population. This article provided a comprehensive review of empirical studies on the acquisition of Mandarin phonology.MethodStudies over the past 45 years that describe phonological development in Mandarin-speaking children were located through electronic databases, citation searches, keyword searches through online search engines, and manual searches of libraries. The research design of the studies was reviewed, and findings of acceptable studies were summarized.ResultsAfter reviewing the abstracts of 798 studies, a total of 12 that met the inclusion criteria were retained. These studies are discussed with reference to the demographic background of participants, geographic regions, aspects of speech sounds measured, data collection tools, transcription systems used, reliability, and the main findings.ConclusionsThe general developmental patterns reported were consistent. The methodological design varied substantially. These discrepancies, however, provide insights for further systematic investigations into phonological development in Mandarin.
Age-Related Changes in Objective and Subjective Speech Perception in Complex Listening Environments
Authors: Helfer Karen S. , Merchant Gabrielle R. , Wasiuk Peter A. 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
A frequent complaint by older adults is difficulty communicating in challenging acoustic environments. The purpose of this work was to review and summarize information about how speech perception in complex listening situations changes across the adult age range.

Method
This article provides a review of age-related changes in speech understanding in complex listening environments and summarizes results from several studies conducted in our laboratory.

Results
Both degree of high frequency hearing loss and cognitive test performance limit individuals' ability to understand speech in difficult listening situations as they age. The performance of middle-aged adults is similar to that of younger adults in the presence of noise maskers, but they experience substantially more difficulty when the masker is 1 or 2 competing speech messages. For the most part, middle-aged participants in studies conducted in our laboratory reported as much self-perceived hearing problems as did older adult participants.

Conclusions
Research supports the multifactorial nature of listening in real-world environments. Current audiologic assessment practices are often insufficient to identify the true speech understanding struggles that individuals experience in these situations. This points to the importance of giving weight to patients' self-reported difficulties.

Presentation Video

http://cred.pubs.asha.org/article.aspx?articleid=2601619
Speech Understanding in Complex Listening Environments by Listeners Fit With Cochlear Implants
Authors: Dorman Michael F. , Gifford Rene H. 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
The aim of this article is to summarize recent published and unpublished research from our 2 laboratories on improving speech understanding in complex listening environments by listeners fit with cochlear implants (CIs).

Method
CI listeners were tested in 2 listening environments. One was a simulation of a restaurant with multiple, diffuse noise sources, and the other was a cocktail party with 2 spatially separated point sources of competing speech. At issue was the value of the following sources of information, or interventions, on speech understanding: (a) visual information, (b) adaptive beamformer microphones and remote microphones, (c) bimodal fittings, that is, a CI and contralateral low-frequency acoustic hearing, (d) hearing preservation fittings, that is, a CI with preserved low-frequency acoustic in the same ear plus low-frequency acoustic hearing in the contralateral ear, and (e) bilateral CIs.

Results
A remote microphone provided the largest improvement in speech understanding. Visual information and adaptive beamformers ranked next, while bimodal fittings, bilateral fittings, and hearing preservation provided significant but less benefit than the other interventions or sources of information. Only bilateral CIs allowed listeners high levels of speech understanding when signals were roved over the frontal plane.

Conclusions
The evidence supports the use of bilateral CIs and hearing preservation surgery for best speech understanding in complex environments. These fittings, when combined with visual information and microphone technology, should lead to high levels of speech understanding by CI patients in complex listening environments.

Presentation Video

http://cred.pubs.asha.org/article.aspx?articleid=2601622
Preliminary Evidence That Growth in Productive Language Differentiates Childhood Stuttering Persistence and Recovery
Authors: Leech Kathryn A. , Bernstein Ratner Nan , Brown Barbara , Weber Christine M. 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
Childhood stuttering is common but is often outgrown. Children whose stuttering persists experience significant life impacts, calling for a better understanding of what factors may underlie eventual recovery. In previous research, language ability has been shown to differentiate children who stutter (CWS) from children who do not stutter, yet there is an active debate in the field regarding what, if any, language measures may mark eventual recovery versus persistence. In this study, we examined whether growth in productive language performance may better predict the probability of recovery compared to static profiles taken from a single time point.

Method
Productive syntax and vocabulary diversity growth rates were calculated for 50 CWS using random coefficient models. Logistic regression models were then used to determine whether growth rates uniquely predict likelihood of recovery, as well as if these rates were predictive over and above currently identified correlates of stuttering onset and recovery.

Results
Different linguistic profiles emerged between children who went on to recover versus those who persisted. Children who had steeper productive syntactic growth, but not vocabulary diversity growth, were more likely to recover by study end. Moreover, this effect held after controlling for initial language ability at study onset as well as demographic covariates.

Conclusions
Results are discussed in terms of how growth estimates can be incorporated in recommendations for fostering productive language skills among CWS. The need for additional research on language in early stuttering and recovery is suggested.
Perioperative Anaphylaxie auf Arzneimittel
Authors: Pfützner Wolfgang , Wulf Hinnerk 
Published: October 2017

ZusammenfassungIm Rahmen eines operativen Eingriffs erhalten Patienten zahlreiche Arzneimittel. Entwickeln sie eine anaphylaktische Reaktion, so ist akut schwer zu beurteilen, welche Substanz für diese verantwortlich ist. Die meisten der intraoperativen Einschätzungen zur Ursache einer Anaphylaxie sind falsch. Umso wichtiger ist es, die verursachende Substanz später zu identifizieren, um eine Reexposition, z. B. bei einer erneuten OP, zu verhindern.