bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Folliculotropic Metastatic Melanoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: McKinnon Elizabeth L. , West Kelly L. , Ball Russell A. , Wright Nathan , Barnhill Raymond L. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract:
Folliculotropic metastasis of cutaneous melanoma is rare, with only 5 published case reports in the English language literature since it was first described in 2009. We report a 41-year-old man with a primary cutaneous melanoma of the right upper preauricular region with metastatic spread to the parotid gland and pulmonary lymph nodes. Excision of the primary lesion was performed and immunotherapy was initiated. Sixteen months later, the patient presented with 2 new lesions of the left forehead and left neck. Histopathological examination was consistent with folliculotropic dermal deposits of metastatic melanoma. Deeper sectioning into the blocks revealed only sparse perifollicular pigment deposition and rare dermal melanocytes—a potential diagnostic pitfall had this been seen in the initial sections. This case represents the sixth and youngest patient to date with folliculotropic metastatic melanoma. This entity often presents in patients with advanced disease, including increased Breslow thickness and/or multiple metastases to lymph nodes, internal organs, or both. The folliculotropic metastases tend to be small and are often multiple. The precise relationship between folliculotropic primary melanoma and folliculotropic metastasis is unclear. In one reported case and in our patient, the primary tumor was noted to have a “folliculocentric” pattern. Because of the latter finding, the differential diagnosis includes multiple primary folliculotropic melanomas. Thus, clinical correlation and knowledge concerning the evolution of disease in the patient are critical. This case highlights a rare and unusual pattern of metastatic melanoma and potential problems in differential diagnosis.
Anterior compartment prolapse: what's new?
Authors: Lang Patrick , Whiteside James L. 
Published: July 2017

Purpose of review
The purpose of this review is to summarize the treatment options for anterior compartment prolapse, describe the role that apical suspension plays in the correction of anterior vaginal wall prolapse, and assess the risks and benefits of biologic and synthetic graft use in anterior compartment repair.

Recent findings
In 2016, The Cochrane Review published a review of 37 trials including 4023 participants finding that compared to native tissue repair, the use of synthetic mesh resulted in reduced symptomatic prolapse recurrence, anatomic recurrence, and repeat prolapse surgery. There was insufficient evidence regarding quality of life improvement or the use of biologic grafts. Of note the differences between native tissue and mesh kit repairs were not large.

Summary
A strong consideration should be on the correction of apical prolapse when present; isolated anterior wall repairs should be pursued with caution. The surgeon may consider the use of augmenting materials in their repair of anterior vaginal wall prolapse, although the available evidence is not strongly supportive of their use given potential risks.
Lasers for pelvic floor dysfunctions: is there evidence?
Authors: Lang Patrick , Karram Mickey 
Published: July 2017

Purpose of review
The purpose of this review is to discuss the available energy sources used in the vaginal canal that are currently being promoted for certain pelvic floor conditions and explore the body of peer-reviewed literature supporting their use.

Recent findings
The majority of research has focused on the use of fractional CO2 laser treatment for genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM). Most of these studies are nonrandomized prospective studies, but their data consistently shows an improvement in symptoms without significant side effects.

Summary
Vaginal laser treatment for GSM is of particular interest to gynecologists as it provides patients with a history of estrogen receptor positive breast cancer, thromboembolic event, or other contraindication to hormone therapy, an effective treatment option. Currently, we are in the early stages of scientific investigation into the use of lasers in the treatment of pelvic floor dysfunction, but the emerging data is encouraging. The existing data is limited to mostly observational studies with additional quality randomized controlled trials and sham studies needed to ensure that physicians are providing the optimum evidence-based treatments to their patients. At the present time there is insufficient data to promote these therapies for stress incontinence, vaginal tightening, or other pelvic floor abnormalities.
Management of benign ovarian lesions in girls: a trend toward fewer oophorectomies
Authors: Gonzalez Dani O. , Minneci Peter C. , Deans Katherine J. 
Published: July 2017

Purpose of review
The management of benign ovarian lesions in girls is currently a controversial topic in the pediatric surgical literature. The purpose of this review is to highlight the epidemiology of benign ovarian masses, outline preoperative risk stratification strategies, review the indications and importance of ovary-sparing surgery (OSS), and discuss the impact of management algorithms.

Recent findings
Efforts across the United States and Canada to promote OSS have improved awareness about the role and safety of OSS for the management of benign ovarian masses in pediatric and adolescent girls. Preoperative risk stratification techniques by a multidisciplinary team can improve the preoperative identification of lesions with a high likelihood of benign disease.

Summary
Avoiding oophorectomy may be associated with a number of benefits to individual patients and the overall population. The implementation of a management algorithm to guide the treatment of pediatric and adolescent girls with ovarian lesions can reduce the rate of inappropriate oophorectomies.
Bipolar Disorder and Early Emotional Trauma: A Critical Literature Review on Indicators of Prevalence Rates and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Dualibe Aline Limiéri , Osório Flávia L. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Learning objectives
After participating in this activity, learners should be better able to:
• Evaluate the prevalence of early emotional trauma in patients with bipolar disorder (BD)
• Assess the impact of these traumas on patients and on their development of BD

Objectives
We performed a systematic literature review to (1) evaluate the prevalence of early emotional trauma (EET) in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and the impact of these traumas on the development of the disorder, and (2) integrate the findings of our review with those previously reported by Fisher and Hosang, Daruy-Filho and colleagues, and Maniglio.

Methods
The literature search was performed on PubMed, SciELO, and PsycINFO databases using the keywords bipolar disorder, early trauma, physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, maltreatment, adversity, and neglect.

Results
Twenty-eight articles were selected and analyzed. Taken together, the articles described a high prevalence of EET in BD, consisting mainly of emotional neglect/abuse (approximately 40%), particularly when compared to healthy subjects. The review also identified substantial evidence regarding an association between the presence of EET, early disease onset, rapid cycling, comorbidity with anxiety/stress disorders, and cannabis use.

Conclusion
The integration of the current findings with the identified studies reveals that (1) the methodological limitations noted by Daruy-Filho and colleagues have been largely resolved in more recent studies and (2) the presence of EET in patients with BD is associated with worse clinical outcomes, particularly early disease onset, presence of clinical or psychiatric comorbidities, suicide, and presence of psychotic episodes/symptoms. The review shows that patients with BD experience more traumatic situations than controls and that emotional trauma is the most frequent type of trauma in this group.
Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic versus Robotic-Assisted Thoracoscopic Thymectomy
Authors: Fok Matthew , Bashir Mohamad , Harky Amer , Sladden David , DiMartino Mariano , Elsyed Hazim , Howard Callum , Knipe Maxwell , Shackcloth Michael J. 
Published: July 2017

Objective Minimally invasive thoracic surgical procedures, performed with or without the assistance of a robot, have gained popularity over the last decade. They have increasingly become the choice of intervention for a number of thoracic surgical operations. Minimally invasive surgery decreases postoperative pain, hospital stay and leads to a faster recovery in comparison with conventional open methods. Minimally invasive techniques to perform a thymectomy include video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) or robotic-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (RATS). In this study, we aim to systematically review and interrogate the literature on minimally invasive thymectomy and draw a meta-analysis on the outcomes between the two approaches. Methods An extensive electronic health database search was performed on all articles published from inception to May 2015 for studies describing outcomes in VATS and RATS thymectomy. Results A total of 350 patients were included in this study, for which 182 and 168 patients underwent RATS and VATS thymectomy, respectively. There were no recorded in-hospital deaths for either procedure. There was no statistical difference in conversion to open, length of hospital stay, or postoperative pneumonia. Operational times for RATS thymectomy were longer. Conclusions The VATS and RATS thymectomy offer good and safe operative and perioperative outcomes. There is little difference between the two groups. However, there is poor evidence basis for the long-term outcomes in minimally invasive procedures for thymectomy. It is imperative that future studies evaluate oncological outcomes both short and long term as well as those related to safety.
Minimally Invasive Access Aortic Arch Surgery
Authors: Goebel Nora , Bonte Daniel , Salehi-Gilani Schahriar , Nagib Ragi , Ursulescu Adrian , Franke Ulrich F. W. 
Published: July 2017

Objective Median sternotomy is still the standard approach for aortic arch surgery. Minimally invasive techniques promise faster recovery with shorter hospital stay due to thoracic stability, reduced pain, and superior cosmetic results. However, safety is a concern in complex aortic surgery. The aim of our study was to demonstrate that aortic arch surgery via partial upper sternotomy is viable, safe, and equivalent to standard procedure both in terms of its safety and the risk of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events. Methods We interrogated our prospectively collected database and identified a total of 21 nonemergent patients operated on at our center between October 2008 and February 2015. Indication for operation was aneurysmatic disease in 18 and aortic dissection in 3 patients. Data were analyzed for in-hospital mortality, stroke, bleeding complications, and acute kidney injury. Results Mean ± standard deviation age of patients was 69.3 ± 14.4 years, 57.1% were female, and mean ± standard deviation logistic EuroSCORE was 17.0 ± 7.2%. Surgery on the aortic arch comprised proximal arch in 9, hemiarch in 9, and total arch replacement plus frozen elephant trunk in 3 patients. Concomitant procedures included aortic root repair in 10, aortic root replacement in 2, and aortic valve replacement in 3 patients. We lost one patient because of septic shock, no stroke occurred, but a transient neurologic deficit in three and a postoperative delirium in four patients. Re-exploration for bleeding was necessary in two patients, and one patient had acute kidney injury. Conclusions Minimally invasive aortic arch surgery via partial upper sternotomy does not increase the risk of morbidity or mortality. Thus, in experienced hands, it is viable, safe, and therefore favorable and as a result should be offered to more patients.
Endovascular Repair of Peripheral Arterial Disease
Authors: Korkmaz Kemal , Selcuk Gedik Hikmet , Baran Budak Ali , Gunaydin Serdar , Cagli Kerim 
Published: July 2017

Objective One thousand consecutive patients who underwent endovascular repair in an 8-year period were studied retrospectively to evaluate technical success, freedom from reinterventions, early clinical outcome, and risk factors for restenosis/occlusion. Methods Mean ± SD Rutherford class was 3.29 ± 0.8. A total of 755 patients have claudication, 423 from rest pain, and 569 from ischemic ulceration. Results A total of 552 men and 448 women (mean ± SD = 69.84 ± 8 years; range = 19–89 years) underwent endovascular repair. A total of 698 patients received local anesthesia and 302 general anesthesia. A total of 447 patients received percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, 650 stents were placed; 231 atherectomies were performed and 171 patients received hybrid approach. The procedure was successful in 847 patients (84%). There was no early death. There were 151 early occlusions (95 underwent surgery, 56 received stents), 121 dissections (39 underwent surgery, 56 received stents and 26 medical treatment), 32 hematoma, and 13 early leaks. Mean ± SD Rutherford class improved to 3.02 ± 0.9. Freedom from reintervention rate at 8 years was 76%. A total of 63 patients underwent surgery and 59 cellular therapy. A total of 134 finger, 142 below-knee, and 29 above-knee amputations were reported. Conclusions Endovascular interventions can be performed with a satisfactory technical success and low complication rates; however, nonfatal complications and catheter-based reinterventions are frequent.
Qualitative Hormonal Profiling of the Lacrimal Drainage System: Potential Insights into the Etiopathogenesis of Primary Acquired Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction
Authors: Ali Mohammad Javed , Schicht Martin , Paulsen Friedrich 
Published: July 2017

Purpose:
To investigate the presence and distribution patterns of hormone receptors in the lacrimal drainage system in normal and diseased states.

Methods:
The study was performed on cadaveric and clinical samples of the lacrimal drainage system. Immunohistochemical labeling was performed for assessing the presence and distribution of receptors of estrogen alpha, estrogen beta, aromatase (CYP19), testosterone, progesterone, oxytocin, prolactin, and somatostatins 1 to 5 (SSTR1, SSTR2, SSTR3, SSTR4, and SSTR5). The immunohistochemistry stains were scored as positive or negative, and the distribution patterns in the canaliculus, lacrimal sac, and nasolacrimal duct were assessed.

Results:
There was a strong expression of estrogen alpha, estrogen beta, and oxytocin, but this showed variations in distribution patterns. Testosterone and progesterone expressions were more localized to the basement membrane of the epithelium in postmenopausal females. While SSTR2 and SSTR4 expressed only on the villus surfaces of superficial epithelial cells; oxytocin, aromatase, and prolactin additionally expressed in the subepithelial lamina propria and submucosal glands. Diseased samples from primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction showed dramatic reduction or absence of the receptor expression patterns of all the hormones with the exception of epithelial immunoreactivity with prolactin.

Conclusions:
This study provides a proof of principle for the presence of multiple hormone receptors and hypothesizes their possible links in the etiopathogenesis of primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstructions.
Bulleyaconitine A preferably reduces tetrodotoxin-sensitive sodium current in uninjured dorsal root ganglion neurons of neuropathic rats probably via inhibition of protein kinase C
Authors: Xie Man-Xiu , Pang Rui-Ping , Yang Jie , Shen Kai-Feng , Xu Jing , Zhong Xiong-Xiong , Wang Shao-Kun , Zhang Xiao-Long , Liu Yan-Qing , Liu Xian-Guo 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Oral Bulleyaconitine A (BLA) is effective for treating neuropathic pain in human patients, but the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. Here, we tested whether BLA blocked voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Compelling evidence shows that voltage-gated sodium channels are upregulated in uninjured DRG neurons but downregulated in injured ones following peripheral nerve injury. We found that BLA preferably inhibited Na+ currents in uninjured DRG neurons in neuropathic rats. Compared to sham rats, IC50 values for resting and inactivated Na+ currents were 113 and 74 times lower in injured and uninjured neurons of L4-6 DRGs in spared nerve injury (SNI) rats (4.55 and 0.56 nM) and were 688 and 518 times lower in the uninjured L4 and L6 DRG neurons of L5 spinal nerve ligation (L5-SNL) rats. The use-dependent blockage of BLA on Na+ currents was more potent in neuropathic rats compared to sham rats. Bulleyaconitine A facilitated the inactivation of Na+ channels in each group. IC50 values for resting and inactivated tetrodotoxin-sensitive (TTX-S) channels were 1855 and 1843 times lower than those for TTX-resistant channels in the uninjured neurons of L5 spinal nerve ligation rats. The upregulation of protein kinase C was associated with the preferable effect of BLA on TTX-S Na+ channels in the uninjured DRG neurons. Local application of BLA onto L4-6 DRGs at 0.1 to 10 nM dose-dependently alleviated the mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in L5 spinal nerve ligation model. Thus, preferable blockage of TTX-S Na+ channels in uninjured DRG neurons may contribute to BLA's antineuropathic pain effect.
Nervous system delivery of antilysophosphatidic acid antibody by nasal application attenuates mechanical allodynia after traumatic brain injury in rats
Authors: Eisenried Andreas , Meidahl Anders C.N. , Klukinov Michael , Tzabazis Alexander Z. , Sabbadini Roger A. , Clark J. David , Yeomans David C. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive lipid that impacts neurological outcomes after neurotrauma by inhibiting neuroregeneration, promoting inflammation, and contributing to behavioral deficits. Blocking LPA signaling with a novel anti-LPA monoclonal antibody (mAb) is neuroprotective after traumatic brain injury (TBI) if given to injured animals whose blood–brain barrier (BBB) has been compromised. It is hypothesized that the anti-LPA mAb could improve chronic pain initiated by TBI. However, poor brain penetration after systemic application of the antibody makes access to the central nervous system (CNS) problematic in situations where the BBB is intact. Our experiments investigated whether intranasal delivery of the anti-LPA mAb could bypass the BBB, allowing for direct entry of the antibody to certain areas of the CNS. When the humanized anti-LPA mAb, LT3114, was intranasally applied to injured rats within 30 minutes after mild TBI using the central lateral percussion model, enzyme-linked immunospecific assay and immunohistochemistry demonstrated antibody uptake to several areas in the CNS, including the area of cortical injury, the corpus callosum, cerebellum, and the subventricular region. Compared with control rats that received LT3114 but no TBI, TBI rats demonstrated significantly higher concentrations of intranasally administered LT3114 antibody in some tissues. In behavioral studies, a significant attenuation of mechanical allodynia after TBI was observed in the anti-LPA treatment group (P = 0.0079), when compared with vehicle controls within 14 days after TBI. These results suggest that intranasal application of the anti-LPA antibody directly accesses CNS sites involved in TBI-related pain and that this access attenuates pain sequelae to the neurotrauma.
Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 modulates the P2X2a receptor channel gating through phosphorylation of C-terminal threonine 372
Authors: Coddou Claudio , Sandoval Rodrigo , Castro Patricio , Lazcano Pablo , Hevia Maria José , Rokic Milos , Hall Bradford , Terse Anita , Gonzalez-Billault Christian , Kulkarni Ashok B. , Stojilkovic Stanko S. , Utreras Elias 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The purinergic P2X2 receptor (P2X2R) is an adenosine triphosphate–gated ion channel widely expressed in the nervous system. Here, we identified a putative cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) phosphorylation site in the full-size variant P2X2aR (372TPKH375), which is absent in the splice variant P2X2bR. We therefore investigated the effects of Cdk5 and its neuronal activator, p35, on P2X2aR function. We found an interaction between P2X2aR and Cdk5/p35 by co-immunofluorescence and co-immunoprecipitation in HEK293 cells. We also found that threonine phosphorylation was significantly increased in HEK293 cells co-expressing P2X2aR and p35 as compared to cells expressing only P2X2aR. Moreover, P2X2aR-derived peptides encompassing the Cdk5 consensus motif were phosphorylated by Cdk5/p35. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings indicated a delay in development of use-dependent desensitization (UDD) of P2X2aR but not of P2X2bR in HEK293 cells co-expressing P2X2aR and p35. In Xenopus oocytes, P2X2aRs showed a slower UDD than in HEK293 cells and Cdk5 activation prevented this effect. A similar effect was found in P2X2a/3R heteromeric currents in HEK293 cells. The P2X2aR-T372A mutant was resistant to UDD. In endogenous cells, we observed similar distribution between P2X2R and Cdk5/p35 by co-localization using immunofluorescence in primary culture of nociceptive neurons. Moreover, co-immunoprecipitation experiments showed an interaction between Cdk5 and P2X2R in mouse trigeminal ganglia. Finally, endogenous P2X2aR-mediated currents in PC12 cells and P2X2/3R mediated increases of intracellular Ca2+ in trigeminal neurons were Cdk5 dependent, since inhibition with roscovitine accelerated the desensitization kinetics of these responses. These results indicate that the P2X2aR is a novel target for Cdk5-mediated phosphorylation, which might play important physiological roles including pain signaling.
Role of neurturin in spontaneous itch and increased nonpeptidergic intraepidermal fiber density in a mouse model of psoriasis
Authors: Sakai Kent , Sanders Kristen M. , Youssef Marina R. , Yanushefski Kevin M. , Jensen Liselotte E. , Yosipovitch Gil , Akiyama Tasuku 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Psoriasis is often accompanied by itch, but the mechanisms behind this symptom remain elusive. Dynamic changes in epidermal innervation have been observed under chronic itch conditions. Therefore, we investigated whether epidermal innervation is altered in the imiquimod-induced psoriasis mouse model, whether blockade of neurotrophic growth factor signaling can reduce these changes, and whether this system can impact psoriatic itch. Over the 7-day time course of imiquimod treatment, the density of epidermal nonpeptidergic nerves significantly increased, whereas the density of peptidergic nerves significantly decreased. The nonpeptidergic epidermal nerves expressed glial cell line–derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family receptor GFRα-1 and GFRα-2, the ligand-binding domains for GDNF and neurturin (NRTN). The NRTN mRNA expression was elevated in the skin of imiquimod-treated mice, whereas the GDNF mRNA expression was decreased. Treatment of imiquimod-challenged mice with an NRTN-neutralizing antibody significantly reduced nonpeptidergic nerve density as well as spontaneous scratching. These results indicate that NRTN contributes to an increase in the epidermal density of nonpeptidergic nerves in the imiquimod-induced psoriasis model, and this increase may be a factor in chronic itch for these mice. Therefore, inhibition of NRTN could be a potential treatment for chronic itch in psoriasis.