bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Properties of Romanian adverbs and adjectives from a categorial status perspective
Authors: Mîrzea Vasile Carmen , Croitor Blanca 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
In this article we discuss some properties of Romanian adverbs and adjectives from the perspective of their categorial status and, as part of this issue, the distinction between inflection and derivation within the subclass of derived adverbs. In Romanian the majority of adverbs are homonymous to their adjectival counterparts, a possible argument in favour of the single category claim. Romanian adjectives display agreement with the nouns, while adverbs remain invariable (with some exceptions, considered incorrect by normative grammars). However, it is possible to use non-agreeing adjectives in postverbal positions (usually described as adverbial configurations). We examine the distributional properties of adverbs, non-agreeing adjectives and variable (agreeing) adjectives and also the inflectional vs. derivational nature of the adverbial suffix -ește.
The pervasiveness of coordination in Arabic, with reference to Arabic>English translation
Authors: Dickins James 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
This article analyses aspects of the greater use of coordination in Modern Standard Arabic as compared to English, illustrating this through Arabic>English translation. It argues that Arabic ‘favours’ coordination linguistically, textually and rhetorically, as follows: 1. The linguistic resources of Arabic favour coordination while those of English favour subordination – whether these are lexical (Arabic و wa- and ف fa- vs. English ‘and’), or semantic (the possibility of backgrounding coordinated clauses in Arabic compared to the marginality of backgrounded coordinated clauses in English); 2. Accompanying Arabic textual norms, e.g. (near-)synonym repetition and chained coordination, favour coordination while those of English favour subordination; 3. Further associated ‘rhetorical semantic’ uses of coordination are found in Arabic, e.g. hyperonym-hyponym repetition and associative repetition, which do not exist in English; 4. These extended usages further entrench coordination as a norm in Arabic as compared to English.
Mood choice in complements of Spanishcomprenderand Portuguesecompreender(‘understand’) – distribution and meaning
Authors: Vesterinen Rainer 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe present paper analyzes the occurrence of indicative and subjunctive complements of the verbscomprender(Spanish) andcompreender(Portuguese) in European Spanish and European Portuguese. A quantitative analysis based on 400 occurrences of the complements randomly selected from the newspaper genre shows that the indicative mood occurs more frequently than the subjunctive mood in both languages, although the subjunctive mood is more frequent in the Portuguese corpus than in the Spanish one. The analysis also shows that the occurrence of the subjunctive complement is highly restricted to contexts in which the subject of the main clause verb is either 1st person or 3rd person singular. From the theoretical perspective of Cognitive Grammar, the mood alternation is explained by the concept ofdominion, i.e. the indicative complement designates an event that is located within the conceptualizer’s epistemic dominion, whereas the subjunctive complement designates an event that is located outside the conceptualizer’s dominion of effective control.
On the origin of treaties
Authors: Arnull Anthony 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
EU Treaties are international agreements signed and ratified by sovereign states. The EU is, therefore, a creation of international law. However, it is increasingly treated by scholars as distinct from international law and is starting to resemble a national system in its scope and complexity. ‘On the origin of treaties’ explains how the EU treaties may be amended, which is more difficult than amending secondary EU law, and the processes of joining and leaving the EU. Finally, it considers the general principles of law and fundamental rights that bind the EU’s institutions and member states.
Examining the health status of homeless adults entering permanent supportive housing
Authors: Henwood Benjamin F , Lahey John , Rhoades Harmony , Winetrobe Hailey , Wenzel Suzanne L 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Background
Permanent supportive housing (PSH) has been recognized as an effective intervention and the national policy for addressing chronic homelessness in the United States. Due to an aging cohort of homeless adults and prioritizing those who are most vulnerable for housing, the health status of those entering PSH is likely worse than those previously reported in the literature.

Methods
This report examined the self-reported health and health conditions of a sample of 421 homeless adults entering PSH between 2014 and 2016. The average age of our sample was 54 years old.

Results
Overall, 90% reported two or more chronic conditions (either physical or mental), 68% reported at least two chronic physical health conditions and 56% indicated at least two chronic mental health conditions. Describing their health status, 57% reported fair, poor or very poor health.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that access to housing will not easily remedy the well-documented premature mortality among chronically homeless adults.
Cometary dust: the diversity of primitive refractory grains
Authors: Wooden D. H. , Ishii H. A. , Zolensky M. E. 
Published: May 2017

Comet dust is primitive and shows significant diversity. Our knowledge of the properties of primitive cometary particles has expanded significantly through microscale investigations of cosmic dust samples (anhydrous interplanetary dust particles (IDPs), chondritic porous (CP) IDPs and UltraCarbonaceous Antarctic micrometeorites,StardustandRosetta), as well as through remote sensing (SpitzerIR spectroscopy). Comet dust are aggregate particles of materials unequilibrated at submicrometre scales. We discuss the properties and processes experienced by primitive matter in comets. Primitive particles exhibit a diverse range of: structure and typology; distribution of constituents; concentration and form of carbonaceous and refractory organic matter; Mg- and Fe-contents of the silicate minerals; sulfides; existence/abundance of type II chondrule fragments; high-temperature calcium–aluminium inclusions and ameboid-olivine aggregates; and rarely occurring Mg-carbonates and magnetite, whose explanation requires aqueous alteration on parent bodies. The properties of refractory materials imply there were disc processes that resulted in different comets having particular selections of primitive materials. The diversity of primitive particles has implications for the diversity of materials in the protoplanetary disc present at the time and in the region where the comets formed.This article is part of the themed issue ‘Cometary science after Rosetta’.
Microbial network, phylogenetic diversity and community membership in the active layer across a permafrost thaw gradient
Authors: Mondav Rhiannon , McCalley Carmody K , Hodgkins Suzanne B , Frolking Steve , Saleska Scott R , Rich Virginia I , Chanton Jeff P , Crill Patrick M 
Published: May 2017

SummaryBiogenic production and release of methane (CH4) from thawing permafrost has the potential to be a strong source of radiative forcing. We investigated changes in the active layer microbial community of three sites representative of distinct permafrost thaw stages at a palsa mire in northern Sweden. The palsa sites with intact permafrost, and low radiative forcing signature had a phylogenetically clustered community dominated byAcidobacteriaandProteobacteria.The bog with thawing permafrost and low radiative forcing signature was dominated by hydrogenotrophic methanogens andAcidobacteria, had lower alpha diversity, and midrange phylogenetic clustering, characteristic of ecosystem disturbance affecting habitat filtering, shifting from palsa-like to fen-like at the waterline. The fen had no underlying permafrost, and the highest alpha, beta and phylogenetic diversity, was dominated byProteobacteriaandEuryarchaeota,and was significantly enriched in methanogens. The mire microbial network was modular with module cores consisting of clusters ofAcidobacteria, Euryarchaeota,orXanthomonodales.Loss of underlying permafrost with associated hydrological shifts correlated to changes in microbial composition, alpha, beta, and phylogenetic diversity associated with a higher radiative forcing signature. These results support the complex role of microbial interactions in mediating carbon budget changes and climate feedback in response to climate forcing.
A comprehensive review of vertical tail design
Authors: Nicolosi Fabrizio , Ciliberti Danilo , Della Vecchia Pierluigi , Corcione Salvatore , Cusati Vincenzo 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
This work aims to deal with a comprehensive review of design methods for aircraft directional stability and vertical tail sizing. The focus on aircraft directional stability is due to the significant discrepancies that classical semi-empirical methods, as USAF DATCOM and ESDU, provide for some configurations because they are based on NACA wind tunnel (WT) tests about models not representative of an actual transport airplane.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors performed viscous numerical simulations to calculate the aerodynamic interference among aircraft parts on hundreds configurations of a generic regional turboprop aircraft, providing useful results that have been collected in a new vertical tail preliminary design method, named VeDSC.

Findings
The reviewed methods have been applied on a regional turboprop aircraft. The VeDSC method shows the closest agreement with numerical results. A WT test campaign involving more than 180 configurations has validated the numerical approach.

Practical implications
The investigation has covered both the linear and the non-linear range of the aerodynamic coefficients, including the mutual aerodynamic interference between the fuselage and the vertical stabilizer. Also, a preliminary investigation about rudder effectiveness, related to aircraft directional control, is presented.

Originality/value
In the final part of the paper, critical issues in vertical tail design are reviewed, highlighting the significance of a good estimation of aircraft directional stability and control derivatives.
Enterprise education
Authors: Turner Jason , Mulholland Gary 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine young learners’ attitudes towards enterprise education within the context of a university led initiative to construct a sustainable framework which benefits identified stakeholders.

Design/methodology/approach
The research used self-completed questionnaires with 117 business studies students in Stages S4-S6 from secondary schools across Dundee and business students from Years 1-4 at one university in Dundee, Scotland.

Findings
The research reveals that respondents positively engage with enterprise education and felt that their project management, creative thinking, communication skills and confidence were enhanced by the activity of real-world business challenges. The findings support the notion that an enterprising spine embedded in the academic curriculum better equip the learner with the necessary hard and soft skills required for the employment market but not necessarily to be entrepreneurial.

Research limitations/implications
A limitation of this research was the sample size, which although representative of the pupil and student cohorts associated with the various stages of education being studied at the particular time of data collection, and is suitable for an exploratory study, the research would have benefited from being both larger and complimented by more of a qualitative component beyond the inclusion of open-ended questions.

Practical implications
As an exploratory study which informs a wider comparative study into enterprise education, the research examines learner’s perspectives and the measures they feel are required for effective engagement with enterprise education activities in schools and universities. The findings should assist education providers to deliver a better learning experience and the learners with improved enterprising and social skills, particularly the building of confidence.

Social implications
As an exploratory study which informs a wider comparative study into enterprise education, the research examines learner’s perspectives and the measures they feel are required for effective engagement with enterprise education activities in schools and universities. The findings should assist education providers to deliver a better learning experience and the learners with improved enterprising and social skills, particularly the building of confidence.

Originality/value
The research should prove useful to educational establishments who are considering the implementation of, or further engagement with, enterprise education and involvement with the business community and how such activities impact on their learners.
Investigating the use of tie‐over dressing after skin grafting
Authors: Yuki Akihiko , Takenouchi Tatsuya , Takatsuka Sumiko , Fujikawa Hiroki , Abe Riichiro 
Published: May 2017

AbstractTie‐over bolster dressing after skin grafting can prolong operative time, and cause hematoma and seroma formation because of uneven pressure application. To describe the possibility of discontinuing the use of tie‐over dressing, we carried out a retrospective comparative study of patients who underwent skin grafting at an institution between January 2009 and December 2014. We investigated and compared the take rate, healing period, wound infection rate and hematoma formation rate for the tie‐over dressing group and the non‐tie‐over dressing group. Among 266 patients, 148 and 118 patients were included in the tie‐over dressing group and non‐tie‐over dressing group, respectively. There were no significant differences between the take rate, healing period, wound infection rate and hematoma formation rate for the two groups. Multivariate analysis showed that the complete graft take rate was not significantly influenced by tie‐over dressing, age, sex, graft site, graft procedure and skin graft diameter. Although the use of tie‐over dressing might remain necessary on sites with a free margin, including the eyelids, lips or nostrils, because of the difficulty in using tape fixation, the present study showed that alternative dressing with polyurethane foam is also useful in most cases of skin grafting.
Spinal SET7/9 may contribute to the maintenance of cancer‐induced bone pain in mice
Authors: Hang Li‐Hua , Xu Zhen‐Kai , Wei Shi‐You , Shu Wei‐Wei , Luo Hong , Chen Jian 
Published: May 2017

SummaryCancer‐induced bone pain (CIBP) profoundly influences patients' quality of life. Exploring the mechanisms by which CIBP occurs is essential for developing efficacious therapies. Various studies have shown that proinflammatory factors were involved in CIBP. SET domain containing lysine methyltransferase 7/9 (SET7/9) may modulate the expression of NF‐κB‐dependent proinflammatory genes in vitro. However, whether SET7/9 may participate in the maintenance of CIBP remains unknown. In this study, NCTC 2472 cells were inoculated into the intramedullary space of the femur to establish a mouse model of CIBP. Upregulation of spinal SET7/9 expression was related to pain behaviours in tumour‐inoculated mice. Intrathecal cyproheptadine (10 or 20 nmol) attenuated response to painful stimuli in a dose‐dependent manner. Moreover, there was a concomitant decrease in spinal SET7/9 and RANTES expression. The antinociceptive effects of cyproheptadine were abolished by pre‐intrathecal administration of SET 7/9 (0.2 μg) for 30 minutes before intrathecal cyproheptadine (20 nmol) administration. These results indicated that spinal SET7/9 may contribute to the maintenance of CIBP in mice. Hence, targeting of spinal SET7/9 might be a useful alternative therapy for the treatment of CIBP.
Results of the Jyväskylä research project on couple therapy for intimate partner violence: topics and strategies in successful therapy processes
Authors: Vall Berta , Päivinen Helena , Holma Juha 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDespite controversy over the indications of couple therapy for IPV, current research has indicated some benefits. This article examines some crucial aspects when dealing with couple therapy for IPV, such as how dominance and power abuse are present, and which important issues should be taken into account during the therapeutic process and be brought up in therapeutic conversations. It also proposes strategies for therapists conducting couple therapy for IPV. Ten studies conducted within the Jyväskylä research project on couple therapy for IPV were reviewed. Findings highlighted the importance of the therapists’ awareness of the presence of violence, dominance and power during the sessions, and of how cultural issues could prevent their recognition. Responsibility and couple agreement on the violent behaviour seemed especially relevant at the beginning of the treatment. Potentially useful therapeutic strategies are directedness, use of reflective dialogue, and continuous assessment.Practitioner points

In couple treatment for IPV therapists should (a) actively bring up violence, responsibility and parenting, and (b) reflect on the culturally dominant understandings of IPV
To regulate the presence of dominance, therapists’ directivity might promote equal distribution of talk, and increase the therapeutic alliance
Therapist strategies such as multivoiced addresses, reflective dialogue and a directive approach may promote clients’ responsibility and reflexivity
Effects of yoghurt butter oils on rat plasma lipids, haematology and liver histology parameters in a 150‐day study
Authors: Hassanzadeh‐Taheri Mohammadmehdi , Hassanzadeh‐Taheri Mahsa , Jahani Farnaz , Hosseini Mehran 
Published: May 2017

Although yoghurt butter oil as a fermented dairy product is widely consumed in several countries, its metabolic effects have not been fully elucidated. In this study, male Wistar rats were treated with standard diet, standard diet enriched with 10% or 20% (W/W) of either cow yoghurt butter oil (CYBO), sheep yoghurt butter oil (SYBO) or cottonseed oil (COT) for 20 weeks. Treatment of rats with CYBO or SYBO (at both concentrations) did not significantly influence haematological parameters, plasma lipids and liver histological structure. However, in contrast to popular belief, COT treatment at the higher dose induced leukocytosis, dyslipidaemia and liver steatosis.
Suppression of a methionine synthase by calmodulin under environmental stress in the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana
Authors: Kim Jiyoung , Oh Junsang , Yoon Deok‐Hyo , Sung Gi‐Ho 
Published: May 2017

SummaryMethionine synthase (MetE, EC 2.1.1.14) catalyses the final step in the methionine biosynthetic pathway. Methionine biosynthesis plays a major role in protein biogenesis and is the source of S‐adenosyl methionine (SAM), the universal donor of methyl groups. In this study, we demonstrated that BbMetE acts as a typical MetE enzyme in the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana. In addition, we found that BbMetE binds to calmodulin (CaM) in vitro and in vivo. The functional role of CaM binding to BbMetE was to negatively regulate BbMetE activity in B. bassiana. Our proton‐nuclear magnetic resonance data revealed that CaM inhibitor W‐7 increases methionine content in B. bassiana, suggesting that CaM negatively regulates the BbMetE activity. Environmental stress stimuli such as salt, H2O2 and heat suppressed BbMetE activity in B. bassiana. W‐7 reversed this effect, suggesting that the inhibitory mechanism is mediated through stimulation of CaM activity. Therefore, this work suggests that BbMetE plays an important role in methionine biosynthesis, which is mediated by environmental stress stimuli via the CaM signalling pathway.
Monitoring Workers’ Rights: The Limits of Voluntary Social Compliance Initiatives in Labor Repressive Regimes
Authors: Anner Mark 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSince the early 1990s, a range of corporate monitoring and multi‐stakeholder initiatives have sought to address the violation of workers’ rights by monitoring suppliers in global supply chain and attempting to remediate violations. However, their effectiveness in the area of freedom of association rights has been limited, particularly in labor‐repressive regimes. This is because these initiatives have pursued inadequate strategies and lack either traditional forms of state power, notably the ability to sanction violators, or the leverage provided by activist campaigns. Recent social compliance program approaches, such as forming of worker‐management committees, are largely of limited effectiveness in regimes in which workers face employer or state controlled unions. And most production in light industry supply chains such as apparel takes place in labor repressive regimes.
Reduced right ventricular diameter during cardiac arrest caused by tension pneumothorax – a porcine ultrasound study
Authors: Caap P. , Aagaard R. , Sloth E. , Løfgren B. , Granfeldt A. 
Published: May 2017

IntroductionAdvanced life support (ALS) guidelines recommend ultrasound to identify reversible causes of cardiac arrest. Right ventricular (RV) dilatation during cardiac arrest is commonly interpreted as a sign of pulmonary embolism. The RV is thus a focus of clinical ultrasound examination. Importantly, in animal studies ventricular fibrillation and hypoxia results in RV dilatation. Tension pneumothorax (tPTX) is another reversible cause of cardiac arrest, however, the impact on RV diameter remains unknown.AimTo investigate RV diameter evaluated by ultrasound in cardiac arrest caused by tPTX or hypoxia.MethodsPigs were randomized to cardiac arrest by either tPTX (n = 9) or hypoxia (n = 9) and subsequently resuscitated. Tension pneumothorax was induced by injection of air into the pleural cavity. Hypoxia was induced by reducing tidal volume. Ultrasound images of the RV were obtained throughout the study. Tension pneumothorax was decompressed after the seventh rhythm analysis. The primary endpoint was RV diameter after the third rhythm analysis.ResultsAt cardiac arrest the RV diameter was 17 mm (95% CI: 13; 21) in the tPTX group and 36 mm (95% CI: 33; 40) in the hypoxia group (P < 0.01, n = 9 for both). At third rhythm analysis RV diameter was smaller in the tPTX group: 12 mm (95% CI: 7; 16) vs. hypoxia group: 28 mm (25; 32) (P < 0.01). After decompression no difference existed between groups: tPTX 29 mm (95% CI: 23; 34) vs. hypoxia 29 mm (95% CI: 20; 38).ConclusionThe RV diameter is smaller during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in cardiac arrest caused by tPTX when compared with hypoxia. The difference disappears after tPTX decompression.