bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polypoid cystitis as a cause of haematuria in a pony mare
Authors: Rosales C. M. , Bamford N. J. , Sullivan S. L. , Bauquier J. R. , Tennent‐Brown B. S. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryA 15‐year‐old pony mare was presented for investigation of haematuria of 2 weeks' duration. On cystoscopy, multiple small pedunculated soft tissue structures were observed on the bladder mucosa. Histopathological analysis of the masses was consistent with chronic polypoid cystitis. The polypoid lesions and associated haematuria resolved following prolonged antibiotic treatment. Polypoid cystitis has not previously been described in horses. This condition should be considered a differential for haematuria, requiring cystoscopy and biopsy to confirm a diagnosis.
Proximal suspensory desmopathy in hindlimbs: Magnetic resonance imaging, gross post‐mortem and histological study
Authors: Dyson S. , Pinilla M. J. , Bolas N. , Murray R. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryBackgroundThere have been no previous studies correlating high‐field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings with gross and histological post‐mortem examination in horses with hindlimb proximal suspensory desmopathy (PSD).ObjectivesTo determine if adhesions between the suspensory ligament (SL) and adjacent tissues could be detected using high‐fieldMRIand if collagen, adipose tissue and muscle pathology could be differentiated.Study designRetrospective study.MethodsNineteen horses with hindlimbPSDwere humanely destroyed; 12 limbs of 11 horses withPSDunderwent high‐fieldMRI. All lame limbs were examined grossly and allSLs were examined histologically. TheMRand histological images were graded blindly. Statistical analysis used a numerical Bayesian approach to simultaneously determine a pathology rating and the contribution of eachMRI, gross post‐mortem and histological observation to this measure.ResultsSignal intensity (SI) in the collagenous tissue was abnormal in 2/12 limbs. Abnormalities ofSIin the adipose tissue and muscle were identified in 6 and 11 limbs, respectively. Adhesions between theSLand adjacent tissues were suspected in eight limbs, but only confirmed in six limbs. Histopathological observations of abnormal muscle tissue were associated most closely with the measure of disease used in the study and were abnormal in every limb. Gross adhesions were also a sensitive indicator, along with changes to nerves which were observed in 10 limbs. Assessments of adipose tissue signal intensity and muscle tissue signal homogeneity in both lobes of the suspensory ligament were theMRIindicators most closely associated with the measure of disease.Main limitationsSmall sample size. Model assumption that all abnormalities reflected degrees of a single disease.ConclusionsAdhesion formation between theSLand adjacent structures was detected by high‐fieldMRIwith reasonable accuracy. Muscle and adipose tissue pathology was identified either alone or in association with collagenous tissue pathology.
Changes in soil organic carbon pools in a long‐term trial with perennial fodder crops in acid soils of north‐east India
Authors: Sarkar D. , Meitei Ch. B. , Das A. , Ghosh P. K. , Mandal B. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractEfficient estimation of soil organic carbon (SOC) is vital for understanding and monitoring the effect of perennial fodder crops in conservingSOC. In subtropical regions, there is limited information onSOCaccumulation and its allocation into different pools under long‐term grasses and legumes. Therefore, we investigated the dynamics ofSOCin a 20‐year‐old field trial with seven perennial grass species and a legume in aTypic Paleudalfsoil under subtropical climate in north‐east India by analysing oxidizable organic C (Coc) and its fractions of very labile (CVL), labile (CL), less labile (CLL) and non‐labile (CNL), microbial biomass C (Cmic) and mineralizable C (Cmin). Growing perennial fodder crops increasedSOCin the 0–0.60 m soil depth from 19.9%–39.6% compared with the conventional cultivation with maize (Zea mays). The relative efficacy of the fodder species toSOCaccumulation wasSetaria sphacelata = Brachieria rosenesis > Panicum maximumcv. Makunia = Arachis pintoi > Panicum maximumcv. Hamil > Paspalam conjugalum = Pennisetum purpureum > Thysanolaena maxima. Among the analysed fractions,CVL,CL,CLLand Cmicwere influenced most by the fodder crops and the active pools (CVL+CL) constituted 71.6% of theSOC. The results indicate that under the tested subtropical climate, soil under perennial grasses and legumes conserves organic C and that most of theSOCis in labile pools of short residence time.
A high‐throughput method using Ultra‐Performance Liquid Chromatography to determine water‐soluble carbohydrate concentrations in pasture plants
Authors: Maharjan P. , Jacobs J. L. , Deighton M. H. , Panozzo J. F. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe determination of water‐soluble carbohydrate (WSC) concentrations in forages is important for quantifying forage feed quality as WSC is not only a major source of energy but is also associated with the grazing preferences of forages and subsequent intake by livestock. This study describes a high‐throughput ultra‐performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) method to analyse WSC concentrations of various forage samples. The application of the new method is demonstrated by investigating the WSC concentrations in (i) temperate forages at different tiller heights, and (ii) summer forage crops grown under rain‐fed and irrigated conditions. The UPLC method provided a more descriptive, specific and precise analysis of WSC concentration compared to the colorimetric method. Grass tiller height had a significant effect on total WSC concentration and individual sugar. With increasing tiller height, sucrose concentration increased and fructan and total WSC concentrations decreased. While irrigation treatment increased the dry‐matter yield of all nine summer forage crops analysed, there was no consistent effect of irrigation on WSC concentration.
Factors associated with cognitive function that cause a decline in the level of activities of daily living in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Kamiya Masaki , Osawa Aiko , Kondo Izumi , Sakurai Takashi 
Published: August 2017

AimThe principal aim of the present study was to clarify what type of cognitive decline results in a decrease in the ability to carry out activities of daily living (ADL) in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD).MethodsThe participants comprised 1384 outpatients with mild AD. We used the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Barthel Index (BI) as indicators of basic ADL, and the Lawton Index (LI) as an indicator of instrumental ADL (IADL). We then analyzed the relationships between MMSE and BI, as well as between MMSE and LI. We also carried out a logistic regression analysis with BI and LI subitems as dependent variables, and MMSE subitems as independent variables.ResultsFor almost all BI and LI subitems, significantly high odds ratios (OR) were noted in MMSE “Copy the design shown” (e.g. dressing OR 3.66, toilet use OR 3.60 and transfers OR 2.80) and “Write a sentence” (e.g. ability to use telephone OR 5.24, laundry OR 2.60, grooming OR 2.50; P < 0.05).ConclusionsVisuospatial cognition had an important effect on the decrease in basic ADL and IADL. Furthermore, the subitems with minimal effect on the decrease of basic ADL and IADL differed. Therefore, it appears that specific activities have little effect on the maintenance of ADL and IADL, and that determining residual cognitive function and utilizing this as a means of compensating for decreased ADL is a useful strategy. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 50–56.
Ethnicity predicts falls among community‐dwelling older adults in Singapore
Authors: Chen Tuo‐Yu , Tan Pey June , Chan Angelique 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAimThe present study examined whether ethnicity independently predicted future falls among community‐dwelling older Singaporeans, and whether ethnicity moderated the relationships between falls risk factors at baseline and falls at follow up.MethodsData from a longitudinal survey of older Singaporeans were used. Baseline assessment included handgrip strength, global cognitive function, mobility difficulties, health and psychosocial status. One‐year retrospective falls information at follow up was the primary outcome.ResultsFinal analysis included 1975 participants (mean age 73.6 ± 6.2 years, 53% women). Indians, followed by Malays, had a higher risk of falling compared with Chinese at follow up. This association remained after controlling for falls risk factors. Self‐reported pain and poor global cognitive function imposed a substantial increment in the risk of falling among Malays compared with Chinese, but not Indians.ConclusionEthnicity was a significant predictor of future falls among older Singaporeans. Falls screening and intervention should take ethnicity into account to reach and support the appropriate target population. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 72–79.
Effect of extrusion variables on antioxidant activity, total phenolic content and dietary fibre content of gluten‐free extrudate from germinated Chenopodium (Chenopodium album) flour
Authors: Jan Romee , Saxena Dharmesh Chander , Singh Sukhcharn 
Published: August 2017

SummaryA Box‐Behnken design was used to study the effects of feed moisture content (18–20%), barrel temperature (115–135 °C) and screw speed (225–275 rpm) on the responses; antioxidant activity, total phenolics, dietary fibre, colour (L‐value), hardness, expansion ratio, water absorption index and overall acceptability for development of gluten‐free extrudate based on germinated Chenopodium album flour. Second‐order polynomial fitted model showed that temperature most significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affected the antioxidant activity (AoxA), total phenolics (TPC), expansion ratio, hardness and overall acceptability (OA). Antioxidant activity, total phenolic content and dietary fibre of extrudate varied from 11.56 to 15.93%, 56.77 to 81.28 mg/100 g and 18.65 to 22.06 g/100 g, whereas the lightness and hardness of extrudates ranged from 64.02 to 68.35 and 12.26 to 19.49 N, respectively. The results of this study validate the production of functional and acceptable snack product made from C. album flour by extrusion cooking.
The multidimensional ionotropic receptors of Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Rimal S. , Lee Y. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIonotropic receptors (IRs), which form ion channels, can be categorized into conserved ‘antennal IRs’, which define the first olfactory receptor family of insects, and species‐specific ‘divergent IRs’, which are expressed in gustatory receptor neurones. These receptors are located primarily in cell bodies and dendrites, and are highly enriched in the tips of the dendritic terminals that convey sensory information to higher brain centres. Antennal IRs play important roles in odour and thermosensation, whereas divergent IRs are involved in other important biological processes such as taste sensation. Some IRs are known to play specific biological roles in the perception of various molecules; however, many of their functions have not yet been defined. Although progress has been made in this field, many functions and mechanisms of these receptors remain unknown. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the current state of knowledge in this field.
The Effect of Remittances on Economic Growth in Kyrgyzstan and Macedonia: Accounting for Financial Development
Authors: Kumar Ronald Ravinesh , Stauvermann Peter Josef , Patel Arvind , Prasad Selvin 
Published: August 2017

AbstractKyrgyzstan and Macedonia have experienced a reasonable increase in remittances over the last twenty‐five years. Subsequently, the extent to which remittances can be instrumental for economic development of the two countries has gained serious attention in recent development dialogues. The aim of this study is to examine the impact of remittances versus financial development on the economic growth of the two counties, complementing the burgeoning interest and focus on remittances for policy. The short‐run and the long‐run effects and the causality dynamics of remittances and financial development, are explored. The results show a long‐run positive impact of remittances on the economic growth of these countries. The impact of financial development is negative, significant only for Kyrgyzstan and not statistically significant for Macedonia. The causality results show that remittances support economic growth for Kyrgyzstan, whereas economic growth appears to propel remittances for Macedonia.
High rates of respiratory symptoms and airway disease in mental health inpatients in a tertiary centre
Authors: Burke Andrew J. , Hay Karen , Chadwick Alex , Siskind Dan , Sheridan Judith 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundPeople with severe mental illness (SMI) have a lower life expectancy due in part to a higher prevalence of cardiac and metabolic disease. Less is known of the prevalence of respiratory disease in this group.AimsThis cross‐sectional, observational study aimed to assess the prevalence of symptoms associated with respiratory disease in patients admitted to an inpatient mental health unit.MethodsA convenience sample of 82 inpatients had a structured interview and questionnaire completed. The questionnaire included self‐reported diagnoses of common diseases and screening questions designed to detect respiratory disease and sleep disordered breathing. Targeted spirometry was performed on the basis of symptoms and smoking status.ResultsPatients reported high rates of respiratory symptoms, including wheezing (38%) and dyspnoea (44%); 52% of patients reported daily tobacco use. Productive cough was significantly associated with tobacco use (P < 0.005). Ten patients (18%) had spirometry consistent with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) of whom six did not have a formal diagnosis of COPD previously.ConclusionsPeople with SMI have high rates of respiratory symptoms with a high prevalence of COPD on spirometry. Half of the COPD cases were not previously diagnosed, suggesting a hidden burden of respiratory disease in patients with SMI.
Contemporary antiplatelet therapy in acute coronary syndromes: are there differences in outcomes and discontinuation between clopidogrel and ticagrelor?
Authors: Harding Scott A. , Holley Ana , Wilkins Ben , Fairley Sarah , Simmonds Mark , Larsen Peter D. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackground/AimWe studied clinical outcomes and discontinuation rates in a ‘real‐world’ population presenting with myocardial infarction treated with ticagrelor or clopidogrel.MethodsBetween January 2012 and May 2015, 992 patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing invasive management and adequately pre‐treated with dual antiplatelet therapy were prospectively enrolled. Platelet aggregation was measured using the Multiplate analyser. Baseline characteristics, in‐hospital outcomes and 1‐year outcomes were collected.ResultsPatients treated with ticagrelor were younger and less likely to be diabetic, have a previous myocardial infarction or present with a ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (all P < 0.05). Those treated with ticagrelor also had lower CRUSADE (Can Rapid risk stratification of Unstable angina patients Suppress ADverse outcomes with Early implementation of the ACC/AHA guidelines; 20 ± 9.4 vs 23 ± 10.1, P < 0.0001) and GRACE (119 ± 28 vs 126 ± 32, P = 0.002) scores. High platelet reactivity was greatly reduced with ticagrelor compared to clopidogrel (16.1% vs 37.0%, respectively; P < 0.0001). Non‐coronary artery bypass grafting‐related thrombolysis in myocardial infarction major and minor bleeding occurred at similar rates in those treated with ticagrelor and clopidogrel. Rates of drug discontinuation in those treated with ticagrelor and clopidogrel were similar in hospital (20.2% vs 16.2%, P = 0.18) and between discharge and 1 year (29.9% vs 27.9%, P = 0.63). However, discontinuation due to dyspnoea, (3.3% vs 0%, P < 0.0001) and discontinuation due to any possible drug‐related adverse event (9.3% vs 2.2%, P = 0.0001) was more common in those treated with ticagrelor compared to clopidogrelConclusionTicagrelor is paradoxically being used in lower‐risk patients rather than those most likely to benefit. Ticagrelor was associated with similar rates of bleeding but higher discontinuation rates due to adverse effects compared to clopidogrel.
PRELIMINARY STUDY OF FAMILY WITH HEREDITARY HYPERCHOLESTEROLÆMIC XANTHOMATOSIS
Authors: SCOTT P. J. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryA study has been made of 79 members comprising three generations of a family affected by hereditary idiopathic hypercholesterolæmia. Eighteen of 64 living members were found to have hypercholesterolæmia, and the distribution suggested a dominant trait type of inheritance. All the lesions traditionally associated with the hypercholesterolæmic state were found in members of this family, but only peripheral skin and tendon xanthomas showed a definite relationship to serum cholesterol level. Arcus senilis and xanthelasma palpebrarum occurred in individuals with normal serum cholesterol levels as well as in hypercholesterolæmic subjects. Three adults with hypercholesterolæmia showed none of the external signs. These lesions developed in no fixed sequence, and time relationships were extremely variable in hypercholesterolæmic individuals as well as in those with normal serum cholesterol levels. It was concluded that the serum cholesterol level might not be the critical factor in the development of these lesions. A high incidence of coronary artery disease correlated well with the hypercholesterolæmic state, but not with external signs. In this family hypercholesterolæmia was not associated with hyperuricæmia.
THE ASSOCIATION OF LUNG CANCER AND TUBERCULOSIS
Authors: CAMPBELL ALASTAIR H. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryAs part of an investigation of the relationship between pulmonary tuberculosis and lung cancer, 6502 ex‐servicemen with tuberculosis were reviewed during various periods in three Australian States for a total of 25,827 “man‐years”. The number of deaths from various causes was compared with the number of expected deaths calculated from the age‐specific mortality rates of each disease classification in each of the three States.The tuberculous group had an excess mortality from certain chest conditions (59 actual deaths, 29 expected, P=0.00008), from certain heart diseases (85 observed deaths, 44 expected, P=0.0000r) and from lung cancer (34 actual deaths, 13 expected, P=0.0005). The excess deaths from lung cancer were spread proportionately throughout the usual age groups. In the majority, tuberculosis had been inactive for at least a year prior to the first appearance of the lung cancer.Fourteen of the 24 patients with lung cancer in Victoria and Queensland had available adequate X‐ray films prior to the development of the lung cancer. The maximum involvement of tuberculosis and the site of the lung cancer were charted according to the lung zones involved. Lung cancer arose more frequently in the 38 involved zones (11 cases) than in the 46 uninvolved zones (3 cases). The difference was significant (0.02 >P>0.01).After consideration of other likely explanations, it is possible to suggest that pulmonary tuberculosis has a causal effect on lung cancer, and this effect may be through such non‐specific changes as scarring or metaplasia of the bronchial mucosa.
CHANGES IN THE ELECTROCARDIOGRAM AFTER OPEN HEART SURGERY
Authors: PAUL GEOFFREY , ELDRIDGE FREDERIC 
Published: August 2017

SummaryThis is a study of the electrocardiograms of 23 patients who had undergone open heart surgery— repair of an atrial septal defect in 10, and in 13 closure of a ventricular septal defect, some with and some without an associated pulmonary infundibulectomy.A variety of supraventricular arrhythmias were noted after the repair of an atrial septal defect. Possible ætiological factors include atrial irritability, pericarditis and electrolyte changes. Arrhythmias noted after the closure of a ventricular septal defect consisted of ventricular fibrillation during or immediately after the operation. This could be more clearly attributed to the direct trauma of surgery or to electrolyte shifts at the time of surgery.There were decreases in the height of the P waves and a diminution of the P‐R interval after the repair of atrial septal defects. These changes appear to be related to improved atrial conduction and the decreased size of the right atrial chamber. Elimination of the left‐to‐right shunt after operation probably explains these findings.The proximity of a defect of the ventricular septum to the known anatomical pathway of conduction along the right bundle correlates with the right bundle branch block or delay in the activation of the right ventricle which is noted after the repair of these defects.This study confirms the association of pulmonary infundibulectomy with the appearance of a type of right bundle branch block. However, this association did not occur when a lateral excision of tissue from the pulmonary outflow tract was performed. This emphasizes the importance of damage to the superiorly located crista supraventricularis in the genesis of right bundle branch block after infundibulectomy.The occurrence of the major QRS vector change after the completion of the first 0.04 second of the complex suggests that the later portions of the QRS complex are inscribed after a surgically imposed block has been encountered.The presence of S‐T segment elevation after surgery for both atrial and ventricular septal defect repair probably correlates with the pericardial reaction and inflammation which one might expect. We learn that the electrocardiographic evidence of such change may last from four to at least 14 days after surgery.The changes noted in the mean T wave vector suggest that the repolarization of the ventricles is altered in a fairly consistent fashion after the repair of an atrial septal defect, and in a varied manner after the repair of a ventricular septal defect. The T wave changes in precordial leads after surgery are probably due to a number of factors, including anoxia and injury.
The open economy trilemma in Latin America: A three‐decade analysis
Authors: de Mendonça Helder Ferreira , da Silva Veiga Igor 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis study concerns the open economy trilemma in emerging economies, and uses a panel data framework to investigate cross‐dependence among the countries and respective parameters of the 23 countries in Latin America from 1980 to 2010. We examine the impact that trilemma choices impose on economic performance (output volatility and inflation), as well as whether the adoption of inflation targeting influences the results. The findings indicate that promoting exchange rate stability and financial openness are efficient strategies for improving the economic performance of Latin America economies. Furthermore, the adoption of inflation targeting enhances the effects of financial openness on output volatility.
Polymer precursor‐derived HfC–SiC ultrahigh‐temperature ceramic nanocomposites
Authors: Cai Tao , Liu Dan , Qiu WenFeng , Han WeiJian , Zhao Tong 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDue to poor mechanical properties and antioxidation properties, etc of single phase ultrahigh‐temperature ceramics (UHTCs), the second phase such as SiC was usually introduced for improving those properties. Herein, a novel stratagem for synthesis of binary HfC–SiC ceramics has been presented. A Hf–O–Hf polymer as a HfO2 precursor has been synthesized for preparing soluble HfC–SiC precursors with high solid content and low viscosity solutions without additional organic solvents. The structure of PHO was characterized by FTIR and 1H‐NMR, the crystalline behavior and morphologies of polymer‐derived ceramics were identified by XRD, SEM‐EDS, and TEM. It was shown that PHO firstly transformed into HfO2, and then reacted with in situ carbon derived from DVB and PCS thus producing cubic HfC through carbothermal reduction. In addition, the obtained HfC–SiC nanopowders exhibited spherical morphology with a diameter less than 100 nm, while the Hf, Si, and C are homogeneously distributed.