bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Grain Size Constraints on Glacial Circulation in the Southwest Atlantic
Authors: Spooner Peter T. , Thornalley David J. R. , Ellis Philip 
Published: January 2018

AbstractKnowledge of past deep‐ocean current speeds has the potential to inform our understanding of changes in the climate system on glacial‐interglacial timescales, because they may be used to help constrain changes in deep‐ocean circulation rates and pathways. Of particular interest is the paleo‐flow speed of southern‐sourced deep water, which may have acted as a carbon store during the last glacial period. A location of importance in the northward transport of southern‐sourced bottom water is the Vema Channel, which divides the Argentine and Brazil basins in the South Atlantic. We revisit previous studies of paleo‐flow in Vema Channel using updated techniques in grain size analysis (i.e., mean sortable silt grain size), in Vema Channel cores and cores from the Brazil margin. Furthermore, we update the interpretation of the previous grain size studies in the light of many years further research into the glacial circulation of the deep Atlantic. Our results are broadly consistent with the existing data and suggest that during the last glacial period there was slightly more vigorous intermediate to middepth (shallower than 2,600 m) circulation in the South Atlantic Ocean than during the Holocene, whereas around 3,500 m the circulation was generally more sluggish. Increased glacial flow speed on the eastern side of the Vema Channel was likely related to an increase in northward velocity of AABW in the channel. An increase in Antarctic Bottom Water flow through the Vema Channel may have helped to sustain the large volume of southern‐sourced deep water in the Atlantic during the glacial period.
A Novel Long‐Time Accumulation Method for Double‐Satellite TDOA/FDOA Interference Localization
Authors: Wu Risheng , Zhang Yixiong , Huang Yanan , Xiong Jinyi , Deng Zhenmiao 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn double‐satellite interference localization system, the position of the interference source is computed by estimating the time difference of arrival (TDOA) and the frequency difference of arrival (FDOA) between the signals retransmitted by two satellites. The traditional cross ambiguity function (CAF)‐based TDOA/FDOA estimation method requires the constant TDOA/FDOA between the two received signals, which can be satisfied only when the signal length is short. Therefore, the CAF estimation method cannot be applied in long‐time accumulation (LTA). To solve this problem, a novel LTA method is proposed based on signal segmentation. In the proposed method, the two received signals are first divided into several short signal segments. Subsequently, the TDOA, the initial FDOA, and the FDOA change rate of each signal segment are estimated by a modified CAF method. After compensating the FDOA difference between the signal segments, the results are spliced again to form a complete signal without FDOA variation. Consequently, the signal energy can be concentrated and the estimation accuracy of FDOA can be improved. Experimental results of real data demonstrate that greater signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) gain is achieved by the proposed method, compared to the traditional CAF‐based method.
ULBP1 is induced by hepatitis C virus infection and is the target of the NK cell‐mediated innate immune response in human hepatocytes
Authors: Dansako Hiromichi , Imai Hirotaka , Ueda Youki , Satoh Shinya , Wakita Takaji , Kato Nobuyuki 
Published: January 2018

Natural killer (NK) cells through their NK group 2 member D (NKG2D) receptors recognize NKG2D ligands such as UL16‐binding proteins (ULBPs) on virus‐infected cells and subsequently trigger the host innate immune response. In the present study, we demonstrated that hepatitis C virus (HCV) induced the cell surface expression of ULBP1 in human immortalized hepatocyte PH5CH8 cells and human hepatoma HuH‐7 cell‐derived RSc cells. Interestingly, NK cell line NK‐92 induced cytotoxicity and interferon‐γ mRNA expression and subsequently reduced the levels of HCV RNA replication during co‐culture with HCV‐infected RSc cells. From these results, we conclude that ULBP1 is a target of the NK cell‐mediated innate immune response in HCV‐infected human hepatocytes.
Synthesis of Crystalline Black Phosphorus Thin Film on Sapphire
Authors: Li Cheng , Wu Ye , Deng Bingchen , Xie Yujun , Guo Qiushi , Yuan Shaofan , Chen Xiaolong , Bhuiyan Maruf , Wu Zishan , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Wang Hailiang , Cha Judy J. , Snure Michael , Fei Yingwei , Xia Fengnian 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBlack phosphorus (BP) has recently attracted significant attention due to its exceptional physical properties. Currently, high‐quality few‐layer and thin‐film BP are produced primarily by mechanical exfoliation, limiting their potential in future applications. Here, the synthesis of highly crystalline thin‐film BP on 5 mm sapphire substrates by conversion from red to black phosphorus at 700 °C and 1.5 GPa is demonstrated. The synthesized ≈50 nm thick BP thin films are polycrystalline with a crystal domain size ranging from 40 to 70 µm long, as indicated by Raman mapping and infrared extinction spectroscopy. At room temperature, field‐effect mobility of the synthesized BP thin film is found to be around 160 cm2 V−1 s−1 along armchair direction and reaches up to about 200 cm2 V−1 s−1 at around 90 K. Moreover, red phosphorus (RP) covered by exfoliated hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) before conversion shows atomically sharp hBN/BP interface and perfectly layered BP after the conversion. This demonstration represents a critical step toward the future realization of large scale, high‐quality BP devices and circuits.
Stable Light‐Emitting Diodes Using Phase‐Pure Ruddlesden–Popper Layered Perovskites
Authors: Tsai Hsinhan , Nie Wanyi , Blancon Jean‐Christophe , Stoumpos Constantinos C. , Soe Chan Myae Myae , Yoo Jinkyoung , Crochet Jared , Tretiak Sergei , Even Jacky , Sadhanala Aditya , Azzellino Giovanni , Brenes Roberto , Ajayan Pulickel M. , Bulović Vladimir , Stranks Samuel D. , Friend Richard H. , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. , Mohite Aditya D. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractState‐of‐the‐art light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) are made from high‐purity alloys of III–V semiconductors, but high fabrication cost has limited their widespread use for large area solid‐state lighting. Here, efficient and stable LEDs processed from solution with tunable color enabled by using phase‐pure 2D Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) halide perovskites with a formula (CH3(CH2)3NH3)2(CH3NH3)n−1PbnI3n+1 are reported. By using vertically oriented thin films that facilitate efficient charge injection and transport, efficient electroluminescence with a radiance of 35 W Sr−1 cm−2 at 744 nm with an ultralow turn‐on voltage of 1 V is obtained. Finally, operational stability tests suggest that phase purity is strongly correlated to stability. Phase‐pure 2D perovskites exhibit >14 h of stable operation at peak operating conditions with no droop at current densities of several Amperes cm−2 in comparison to mixtures of 2D/3D or 3D perovskites, which degrade within minutes.
Synthesis of 7‐Azaindole Amidated Derivatives: An Efficient Usage of Acyl Azides as the Nitrogen Source
Authors: Li Wei‐Huan , Dong Lin 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe dual behaviour of acyl azides in transition‐metal‐catalyzed direct C−H amidation is investigated. Variously substituted acyl azides reacted smoothly with 7‐azaindoles providing a diversity of C−C or C−N 7‐azaindole amidated derivatives. This amidation reaction shows an excellent controllability, which is believed to be dependent on catalyst system.magnified image
Metal‐Free Azidation of α‐Hydroxy Esters and α‐Hydroxy Ketones Using Azidotrimethylsilane
Authors: Yin Xiao‐Ping , Zhu Lei , Zhou Jian 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWe herein report a commercially available perchloric acid catalyst capable of catalyzing the azidation of α‐hydroxy esters, α‐hydroxy ketones and taddols using azidotrimethylsilane in dichloromethane at room temperature. Various substituted tertiary alcohols are well tolerated in this reaction. Cα‐tetrasubstituted α‐amino acid derivatives were prepared by one‐pot sequential azidation and hydrogenation procedure. The advantage of this newly developed method includes operational simplicity, ready availability of catalyst, scale‐up ability, and also good functional group compatibility.magnified image
Regioselective C‐7 Nitration of 8‐Aminoquinoline Amides Using tert‐Butyl Nitrite
Authors: Mondal Susmita , Samanta Sadhanendu , Hajra Alakananda 
Published: January 2018

AbstractRegioselective C‐7 nitration of 8‐aminoquinoline amide has been achieved using tert‐butyl nitrite under metal‐free conditions at ambient temperature. The protocol is applicable to various aryl, heteroaryl as well as aliphatic carboxamides, and exhibits high functional group compatibility. The present method provides selective mononitrated quinoline derivatives. Experimental results suggest that the reaction likely proceeds through a radical pathway.magnified image
Metal–Organic Framework‐Derived ZnO/ZnS Heteronanostructures for Efficient Visible‐Light‐Driven Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production
Authors: Zhao Xiuxia , Feng Jianrui , Liu Jingwei , Lu Jia , Shi Wei , Yang Guangming , Wang Guichang , Feng Pingyun , Cheng Peng 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDeveloping highly active, recyclable, and inexpensive photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) under visible light is significant for the direct conversion of solar energy into chemical fuels for various green energy applications. For such applications, it is very challenging but vitally important for a photocatalyst to simultaneously enhance the visible‐light absorption and suppress photogenerated electron–hole recombination, while also to maintain high stability and recyclability. Herein, a metal–organic framework (MOF)‐templated strategy has been developed to prepare heterostructured nanocatalysts with superior photocatalytic HER activity. Very uniquely, the synthesized photocatalytic materials can be recycled easily after use to restore the initial photocatalytic activity. It is shown that by controlling the calcination temperature and time with MOF‐5 as a host and guest thioacetamide as a sulfur source, the chemical compositions of the formed heterojunctions of ZnO/ZnS can be tuned to further enhance the visible‐light absorption and photocatalytic activity. The nanoscale heterojunction ZnO/ZnS structural feature serves to reduce the average free path of charge carriers and improve the charge separation efficiency, thus leading to significantly enhanced HER activity under visible‐light irradiation (λ > 420 nm) with high stability and recyclability without any cocatalyst.
Chemotherapeutic Drug Based Metal–Organic Particles for Microvesicle‐Mediated Deep Penetration and Programmable pH/NIR/Hypoxia Activated Cancer Photochemotherapy
Authors: Zhang Da , Wu Ming , Cai Zhixiong , Liao Naishun , Ke Kun , Liu Hongzhi , Li Ming , Liu Gang , Yang Huanghao , Liu Xiaolong , Liu Jingfeng 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA novel metal–organic particle (MOP) based nanodrug formed by mild self‐assembly of chemotherapeutic drugs, including banoxantrone and doxorubicin, through Cu(II)‐mediated coordination effects, is reported. In this nanodrug, Cu(II) acts as a bridge to join AQ4N and DOX, and then, self‐assembly of [‐AQ4N‐Cu(II)‐(DOX)2‐Cu(II)‐]n complexes forms nanosized MOPs (referred to as ADMOPs) through multiple interactions including host–metal–guest coordination, hydrophobic interactions, π‐stacking, and van der Waals force. The ADMOPs reported here have several important features over conventional drugs, including tumor microenvironment pH‐sensitive drug release that can be tracked by “turning on” the fluorescence of AQ4N or DOX through proton competition with Cu(II) to break the coordination bonds and much deeper penetration into solid tumors via microvesicle‐mediated intercellular transfer. Most strikingly, the ADMOPs can serve as stimuli‐responsive nanocarriers to efficiently load the photosensitizer phthalocyanine due to their inherent highly porous characteristics. Thus, the ADMOPs significantly enhance the chemotherapeutic efficacy by “on‐demand” photodynamic therapy, which further induces a hypoxic environment that enhances the reduction of AQ4N to systematically increase the therapeutic efficiency. Taken together, the designed ADMOPs composed of chemotherapeutic drugs may serve as a potential programmable controlled synergistic agent for cancer therapy.
Smart Construction of Integrated CNTs/Li4Ti5O12 Core/Shell Arrays with Superior High‐Rate Performance for Application in Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yao Zhujun , Xia Xinhui , Zhou Cheng‐ao , Zhong Yu , Wang Yadong , Deng Shengjue , Wang Weiqi , Wang Xiuli , Tu Jiangping 
Published: January 2018

AbstractExploring advanced high‐rate anodes is of great importance for the development of next‐generation high‐power lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Here, novel carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) core/shell arrays on carbon cloth (CC) as integrated high‐quality anode are constructed via a facile combined chemical vapor deposition–atomic layer deposition (ALD) method. ALD‐synthesized LTO is strongly anchored on the CNTs' skeleton forming core/shell structures with diameters of 70–80 nm the combined advantages including highly conductive network, large surface area, and strong adhesion are obtained in the CC‐LTO@CNTs core/shell arrays. The electrochemical performance of the CC‐CNTs/LTO electrode is completely studied as the anode of LIBs and it shows noticeable high‐rate capability (a capacity of 169 mA h g−1 at 1 C and 112 mA h g−1 at 20 C), as well as a stable cycle life with a capacity retention of 86% after 5000 cycles at 10 C, which is much better than the CC‐LTO counterpart. Meanwhile, excellent cycling stability is also demonstrated for the full cell with LiFePO4 cathode and CC‐CNTs/LTO anode (87% capacity retention after 1500 cycles at 10 C). These positive features suggest their promising application in high‐power energy storage areas.
Enhanced Stability of Black Phosphorus Field‐Effect Transistors via Hydrogen Treatment
Authors: Wan Bensong , Zhou Qionghua , Zhang Junying , Wang Yue , Yang Bingchao , Lv Weiming , Zhang Baoshun , Zeng Zhongming , Chen Qian , Wang Jinlan , Wang Wenhong , Wen Fusheng , Xiang Jianyong , Xu Bo , Zhao Zhisheng , Tian Yongjun , Liu Zhongyuan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAtomically thin black phosphorus (BP) exhibits great potential for wide applications in future electronic and optoelectronic devices. However, BP exhibits fast ambient degradation and is thus severely limited in practical applications. Here, a simple strategy using hydrogen treatment to enhance the environmental stability of BP flakes is reported. Owing to the drastically suppressed ambient degradation by hydrogen treatment, atomic BP flakes are just slightly corroded on the surface even after up to 4 weeks in air, and more impressively, the BP field‐effect transistors still maintain over 85% of their initial mobility and ION/IOFF ratio. First‐principle calculations indicate that the hydrogen molecules are probably embedded between BP layers, and shift down the conduction band minimum, which strongly protects against the formation of superoxide on the surface and thus suppresses the ambient degradation of BP. This study provides a simple and nondestructive route to achieve air‐stable BP devices.
Heterogeneous Memristive Devices Enabled by Magnetic Tunnel Junction Nanopillars Surrounded by Resistive Silicon Switches
Authors: Zhang Yu , Lin Xiaoyang , Adam Jean‐Paul , Agnus Guillaume , Kang Wang , Cai Wenlong , Coudevylle Jean‐Rene , Isac Nathalie , Yang Jianlei , Yang Huaiwen , Cao Kaihua , Cui Hushan , Zhang Deming , Zhang Youguang , Zhao Chao , Zhao Weisheng , Ravelosona Dafine 
Published: January 2018

AbstractEmerging nonvolatile memories (NVMs) have currently attracted great interest for their potential applications in advanced low‐power information storage and processing technologies. Conventional NVMs, such as magnetic random access memory and resistive random access memory, suffer from limitations of low tunnel magnetoresistance, low access speed, or finite endurance. NVMs with synergetic advantages are still highly desired for future computer architectures. This study reports a heterogeneous memristive device composed of a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) nanopillar surrounded by resistive silicon switches, named resistively enhanced MTJ (Re‐MTJ), which may be utilized for novel memristive memories, enabling new functionalities that are inaccessible for conventional NVMs. The Re‐MTJ device features a high ON/OFF ratio of >1000% and multilevel resistance behavior by combining magnetic switching together with resistive switching mechanisms. The magnetic switching originates from the MTJ, while the resistive switching is induced by a point‐switching filament process that is related to the mobile oxygen ions. Microscopic evidence of silicon aggregated as nanocrystals along the edges of the nanopillars verifies the synergetic mechanism of the heterogeneous memristive device. This device may provide new possibilities for advanced memristive memory and computing architectures, e.g., in‐memory computing and neuromorphics.
Kinetics of chitosan coagulation from aqueous solutions
Authors: Enache Alin Alexandru , David Laurent , Puaux Jean‐Pierre , Banu Ionut , Bozga Grigore 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTIn this study, we investigated the kinetics of chitosan hydrogel formation from aqueous chitosan solutions with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as the coagulant. Two sets of experiments were performed, one in a parallelepiped cell and the other with cylindrical chitosan solution extrudates. The coagulation occurred by the neutralization of the protonated amino groups (
) present in the chitosan chains, with the kinetics being controlled by NaOH transport toward the gelification zone. In this study, we confirmed the appropriateness of Fick's second law to describe NaOH transport, considering the instantaneous reaction between the NaOH and 
groups. The experimental data were used to determine the NaOH diffusion coefficient in gels having different chitosan concentrations. The diffusion coefficient values obtained from the cylindrical coagulation data were lower than those determined for linear coagulation because of the influences of transport geometry and gel structure, respectively. Accordingly, in fiber coagulation calculations, it is recommended to use diffusion coefficient values determined from cylindrical coagulation studies. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46062.
Event‐Triggered Fault Detection for Networked Control Systems Subject to Packet Dropout
Authors: Atitallah M. , Davoodi M. , Meskin N. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis paper investigates the problem of event‐triggered fault detection for discrete‐time networked systems subject to packet dropout. The main aim of the proposed approach is to efficiently use the communication network and reduce the signal transmission over the network. Toward this goal, a dynamic parity space event‐triggered fault detection approach is developed to generate a robust residual signal. Moreover, an adaptive threshold is utilized to overcome the limitations of static thresholds. The efficiency of proposed approach is experimentally demonstrated and validated for a laboratory three‐tank system.
Endogenous carbon monoxide production in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation‐related hemolysis: potential use of point‐of‐care CO‐oximetry carboxyhemoglobin to detect hemolysis
Authors: Kai Man Chan , Koon Ngai Lam 
Published: January 2018

Key Clinical MessageExtracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)‐related hemolysis is a rare but devastating condition. Death is inevitable without early recognition and prompt management. Endogenous carbon monoxide production, as an epiphenomenon of hemolysis, potentially allows rapid detection of such condition by use of point‐of‐care CO‐oximetry carboxyhemoglobin.
Adsorption optimization of a biomass‐based fly ash for treating thermomechanical pulping (TMP) pressate using definitive screening design (DSD)
Authors: Cave Germaine , Fatehi Pedram 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWood chips are pretreated with steam or hot water prior to refining in a thermomechanical pulping (TMP) process. Currently, the resultant effluent (i.e., TMP pressate) must be treated in the wastewater treatment facility of the mill. Biomass fly ash is also generated in pulp mills as a residue from burning wood and other biomass in boilers. Fly ash utilization is currently limited and most of it is landfilled worldwide. In this study, biomass fly ash is used as an adsorbent for removing lignocelluloses from a TMP pressate. Biomass fly ash samples were fractionated, and the results showed that their carbon content decreased, but their metal content increased, as the particle size of the fly ash decreased. The main factors impacting the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and lignin concentration of a TMP pressate via treating with biomass fly ash samples (FA1 and FA2) were determined. Model equations and optimum conditions for these reductions were developed using definitive screening design (DSD). Generally, FA1 was considered a more effective adsorbent than FA2. The maximum COD removal from a TMP pressate (91.3 %) was achieved by using FA1 with a particle size of 0.43 mm at a dosage of 70 mg/g FA1/TMP pressate and a treatment time of 2 h. The maximum lignin removal from the TMP pressate (95 %) was obtained by using FA1 with a particle size of 0.11 mm at a dosage of 46.5 mg/g FA1/TMP pressate.
Fluorohectorite/LDPE nanocomposites: The role of organomodifiers and compatibilizer
Authors: Hu Lei , Pépin Keven , Bébin Philippe , Leclair Éric , Colas Fabienne , Vuillaume Pascal Y. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractOrgano‐fluorohectorites were either obtained commercially or synthesized by reacting unmodified fluorohectorite with ammonium salts. Modified and unmodified fluorohectorites were incorporated into low density polyethylene (LDPE) with or without maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (MAPE) as a compatibilizer. Although clay aggregates were observed for all blends, the existence of an intercalated and exfoliated clay structure was confirmed according to morphological observations. Different types of cationic organomodifier were comparatively studied. It was found that alkyl chain length and amount of organomodifier were two factors influencing the dispersion state of fluorohectorites. Nanocomposites containing well‐dispersed fluorohectorites showed superior mechanical and barrier properties as compared to their counterparts. The presence of MAPE exhibited beneficial effects on the mechanical properties of the fluorohectorite/LDPE system, whereas the water vapour barrier property was adversely affected.
Bioisosteric Replacements Extracted from High‐Quality Structures in the Protein Databank
Authors: Seddon Matthew P. , Cosgrove David A. , Gillet Valerie J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBioisosterism is an important concept in the lead optimisation phase of drug discovery where the aim is to make modifications to parts of a molecule in order to improve some properties while maintaining others. We present an analysis of bioisosteric fragments extracted from the ligands in an established data set consisting of 121 protein targets. A pairwise analysis is carried out of all ligands for a given target. The ligands are fragmented using the BRICS fragmentation scheme and a pair of fragments is deemed to be bioisosteric if they occupy a similar volume of the protein binding site. We consider two levels of generality, one which does not consider the number of attachment points in the fragments and a more restricted case in which both fragments are required to have the same number of attachments. We investigate the extent to which the bioisosteric pairs that are found are common across different target.