bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Date of Application on Efficacy of Tempo and Merit Against Annual Bluegrass Weevil on Golf Course Fairway, 1997
Authors: Vittum P. J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Several combinations of cyfluthrin (Tempo 20 WP) and imidacloprid (Merit) were applied to golf course fairway turf in the spring of 1997 to determine efficacy against annual bluegrass weevil. This test was conducted at two sites, Sleepy Hollow Country Club (Scar-borough, NY) and Fairview Country Club (Greenwich, CT). At Sleepy Hollow, applications were made on 21 Apr (sunny, calm, air temp 53° F, soil temp at 2 in 55° F), 13 May (high overcast, calm, air temp 51° F, soil temp 50° F), or 22 May (sunny, calm, air temp 56° F, soil temp 48° F). Soil pH was 6.4, buffered pH 6.8, CEC 20.3 Meq/100 g. At Fairview, applications were made on 29 Apr (sunny, light breeze, air temp 46° F, soil temp 42° F) or 13 May (sunny, calm, air temp 55° F, soil temp 51° F). SoilpH was 6.3, buffered pH 6.8, CEC 14.5 Meq/100 g. Treatment plots were 6 ft by 6 ft, replicated 5 times, and arranged in a CRB. All applications were applied with a watering can using 3 liters of water per plot. Plots were watered in with 0.1 to 0.2 in irrigation within 1 hr of application. Product efficacy was evaluated on 23 Jun (Sleepy Hollow) or 11 Jun (Fairview) by removing 12 cores, 1.83 inches diam each from near the center of each plot. Cores were transported to Amherst, MA, where they were broken apart manually and inspected under 10 X magnification. Insect counts were recorded for 3 cores at a time (4 observations per replication, 20 total observations).
Selected Rates of Conventional and Biorational Insecticides for Early Season Sod Webworm Control, 1997
Authors: Weinhold A. P. , Baxendale F. P. , Schild J. , Merrigan T. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Insecticides were evaluated for control of sod webworm larvae on a Kentucky bluegrass lawn at the Gering Cemetery, in Scotts Bluff County, Nebraska. The turf (80% Kentucky bluegrass, 20% perennial rye and tall fescue) was maintained at a mowing height of 2.5 inches. Thatch accumulation (finger compressed) in the plot area was 0.5 inches. Field conditions at the study site were: soil type, silt loam; soil organic matter, 2.3%; soil pH, 8.4. Weather conditions at the time of application were as follows: soil moisture 22% by wt; air temperature 71°F; soil temperature 70°F; relative humidity : 27%; wind direction and velocity 108° at 7 mph. Plots were 6 X 10 ft and the experimental design was a RCB with 4 replications. Treatments were applied on 5 May. Liquid insecticides were applied using a CO2 sprayer with a TeeJet® 8002 nozzle at 30 psi and delivering 87 gpa finished spray. Following applications, plots were irrigated with 0.25 inches of water. No rain fell during the post-treatment period. Treatments were evaluated 3, 7, and 14 DAT (8, 12, and 19 May) by mixing 0.5 oz Lemon Dawn® per gal of water and applying 2 gal of the dilution to each of two 6 ft sampling areas per plot (12.0 ft2 total area). Larvae that moved to the grass surface after 30 minutes were collected and counted.
Efficacy of Talstar Formulations and Entomophagous Nematodes Toward Black Vine Weevil in Potting Media; 1997
Authors: Swier Stanley R. , Rollins Alan , Lamarche Rachel , Hodgson Meggan 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This trial was conducted in an open-field plot at Kingman Farm, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH. Ten replications of 6 treatments were applied to 7-inch pots. The bulk density of the potting media was 24g/cc. Talstar and Merit granular formulations were incorporated into the potting media on 10 Jun, before the plants were put into the pots; applications of Talstar flowable and Lorsban formulations were done on 30 Jun. The first application of nematodes was applied on 13 Jul, and then every 2 weeks thereafter for a total of 4 applications. All granulars were watered in immediately after planting. All liquid formulations and nematodes were poured over the surface of the potting media; the nematodes were watered in after treatment. All pots were buried into the soil on 7 Jul to just under the rim of each pot, and the pots were shaded with a 60% black greenhouse shading material, suspended 8 ft above the pots. The plants were watered as necessary to keep the soil moist. BVW eggs were placed into each pot on two occasions: 30 Jun, and 20 Aug. On 17 Oct, the pots were removed from the soil; the potting media, roots and crown were checked for live larvae.Talstar F, Lorsban, Merit, and nematodes performed well. No phytotoxicity was observed.
Thrips Control on Gloxinia 1997
Authors: Smitley D. R. , Davis T. W. , Williams M. M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Gloxinia plants were obtained in flats from Earl J. Small Inc. in Florida, and transplanted to 6-inch :lay pots on 5 May. Plants were grown in a thrips infested greenhouse at the Pesticide Research Center at Michigan State University. The pre-treatment counts were made on 24 Jul by collecting 2 buds per plant, extracting the thrips with EtOH, filtering through a Buchner funnel and counting the number of thrips under a dissecting microscope. Only 3 of the 7 replicate plants were sampled for precounts since only 25% of the plants had begun to flower. Pre counts were used to block the treatments. The treatments were sprayed on 28 Jul, 1 Aug, 4 Aug, and 8 Aug with a handheld R&D CO2 sprayer with an 5008 nozzle at 30 psi. On 11 Aug, flowers were collected to determine efficacy of insecticide treatments against thrips. One or two flowers were collected rom each plant. Some plants had flowered and already dropped their flowers, but at least 5 plants in each treatment had flowers suitable for sampling (n = 5 - 7) except for 3 treatments in which the treatments severely damaged the flowers. Counts from plants with only one flower were doubled to correate with the remaining plants which all were sampled using two flowers.
Evaluation of Miticides and Predatory Mites for Managing Twospotted Spider Mites on A Herba-Ceous Perennial Goutweed, 1997
Authors: Abbey T. , Pundt L. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A test was conducted in Cheshire, CT, to determine the efficacy of five miticides and two predatory mite species for control of TSSM. There was also an untreated check. Treatments were arranged in a RCBD with four replications. Plots consisted of 12 container-grown plants in a 1.7 ft2 plastic flat. The trial cultivar ‘Variegate’ was planted on 1 Apr. Miticides were applied to the foliage from the top and sides with a Solo backpack sprayer at 60 psi with 35.3 gpa. Predatory mites were placed into the treatment plots by gently brushing them off of the lip of the shipment container. All treatments were applied on 18 Jul. Five leaves were removed from each treatment plot on 17, 25 Jul and 1, 8 and 15 Aug to count the eggs and motile TSSM. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and LSD.
Aphid Control on Easter Lily, 1997
Authors: Smitley D. R. , Davis T. W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Easter lilies infested with melon aphids were obtained from a commercial greenhouse in the Romulus, Michigan area on 20 Mar because of a suspected pesticide problem. The plants were held in the Pesticide Research Center greenhouses on a drip irrigation system for the duration of the test. The plants had been treated repeatedly during the previous 7 weeks with a number of compounds, but none of the treatments seemed to be effective. The plants were all approximately 12 inches tall with 2 plants/pot and most of the plants had not started blooming at the start of the test. Each treatment was replicated 5 times with each replication consisting of an individual pot. Treatments were applied on 1 Apr with a single nozzle R&D CO2 powered sprayer. The applications were made with an 8008 flat fan nozzle in a hand held spray wand at 50 psi. The plants were sprayed to runoff. Counts were made by counting all aphids on the plants on 25 Mar, 1 Apr, 4 Apr, 8 Apr, and 11 Apr. The plants were blocked based on the 25 Mar counts, but the aphids were counted again just prior to the application on 1 Apr.
Interaction of Beauveria Bassiana with Various Fungicides Under Exposed Conditions, 1997
Authors: Costa Heather 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Fifty greenhouse grown poinsettia plants were infested with all stages of SLW. A total of 7 treatment combinations of BotaniGard (B. bassiana) with various fungicides were compared using 6 replicates (plants) of each treatment. Fungicides were applied twice, 2 d before each of two BotaniGard treatments. Liquids were applied with a hand sprayer, and sulfur (Yellowstone® 99.9% S) was applied by vaporizing (Nivole® sulfur pot, Systems USA, Watsonville, CA) for 6 hours the nights preceding the other fungicide applications. Plants were treated with sulfur in a 113-ft2 greenhouse for either three nights or one night before the first application of BotaniGard; the second sulfur application for both sulfur treatments was only for one night. BotaniGard was applied twice with a 7 d interval, 2 d after fungicide applications. Plants were treated with BotaniGard ES using a 2-gal hand pump sprayer, approximately 25 psi. After treatments, plants were maintained outdoors under a light shade cloth. Three days after treatment with BotaniGard, 2 leaves per plant were collected and pressed on Benomylyeast agar plates and incubated for 24 hours. One hundred spores from each leaf press (12 counts per treatment) were rated as either germinated or not germinated and the percentage of spore germination was calculated. Six days after the last BotaniGard treatment, 2 leaves were collected from each plant and the number of live and dead immature whiteflies in a 4-cm-diam circle were counted on each leaf. Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by LSD separation of means. Percentage spore germination data and percentage mortality data were arcsin square root transformed before analysis. Number alive counts were square root transformed before analysis. Means are reported as untransformed data.
Evaluation of Insecticides Against Fruit-Feeding Insects on Apple, 1997
Authors: Straub Richard W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Treatments were applied to four-tree (including ‘Cortland’) plots replicated three times in a RCB design. All treatments were applied dilute to runoff using a high-pressure handgun sprayer at 300 psi delivering from 190 (prebloom) to 300 (postbloom) gpa depending upon foliage density. Trees on the M.2 rootstock were 34 years old, 10 ft high, and 12 ft wide. Dates of application were: 9 Apr [delayed dormant (DD)]; 22 Apr [pink (P)]; 27 May [petal fall (PF)]; 6 Jun [first cover (IC)]; 19 Jun [second cover (2C)]; 11 Jul [third cover (3C)]; 28 Jul [fourth cover (4C)]; and 8 Aug [fifth cover (5C)]. Fungicides applied to all treatments were Benlate, captan, Dithane, Nova, and Rubigan. Control of fruit-feeding insects was assessed at harvest maturity (18 Sep) by randomly selecting 100 fruit and scoring for external damage by each pest; subsequently, fruits were dissected to detect internal damage. Damage by early PC designates ovipositional scars, while late PC indicates feeding punctures.
Ataenius Adult and Larval Control, 1997
Authors: Smitley D. R. , Davis T. W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A grid of 15 ft X 15 ft plots was established in the heavy clay soil fairway of hole #14 at Cattails Golf Club near South Lyon, MI. The actual area sprayed was 12 ft X 12 ft, leaving a 1.5-ft buffer on all sides. Four 8-dram vials, half filled with ethylene glycol, were buried in each plot as pitfall traps. The applications were made with an R & D 5-gal backpack CO2 sprayer at 50 psi with a boom holding four 8008 nozzles. Treatments were applied at a rate of 4 gal/1000 ft2 (175 gal/acre). Applications were made on 30 Jun. It was 80°F and sunny with 0-5 mph wind. Vials were placed on 23 Jun prior to application and were collected on 30 Jun, 7 Jul, and 14 Jul. Four cup-cutter samples were taken from each plot on 30 Jul. These samples, each 4¼" in diam, were then examined for ateanius grubs.
Zimmerman Pine Moth Control with Spring Treatments, 1997
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Trials were conducted at an abandoned nursery near Boulder, CO. Trials were conducted on Austrian and Scotch pines about 12 ft in height; individual plots consisted of 5 trees of a species. Experimental design included four replications of Scotch pine and one of Austrian arranged in a RCB design. Applications were made 1 Apr and 7 May as a trunk drench using a commercial hydraulic sprayer applying approximately 3 qt of spray mixture per tree. Evaluations were made 22 Jul by counting all the “fresh hits” evident from sap at new wound sites.
Control of Pinyon Spindlegall Midge, 1997
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney , Gerace Daniel , Tupy Andrea 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Trials were conducted in Ft. Collins, CO on established pinyon pine located on the campus of Colorado State University that had sustained high levels of infestation for several years. Initial emergence of adults was observed on 19 Jun. Treatments were applied the following day using a pump mister sprayer to point of run-off. Individual plots consisted of single branches, with a RCB plot design with 4 replications. Evaluations were made 25 Jul by examining all the new needles on 10 terminals/plot and calculating the percentage of galled needles.
Laboratory Bioassay of Beauveria Bassiana, Spinosad, Garlic, and Neem-Derived Products for Control of Grasshoppers
Authors: Demirel Nihat , Cranshaw Whitney 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Trials were conducted with adult, field collected migratory grasshoppers to determine susceptibility to ingestion expo sure to Beauveria bassiana Strain GHA (BotaniGard WP), spinosad (Conserve SC) a garlic-derived insecticide/repellent (Garlic Barrier), neem oil (Tril ogy) and a neem extract (BioNeem). Field collected late instar grasshoppers were confined, 8 per petri dish (100 mm X 15 mm), with 6 petri dishes usetl per treatment. Treatments involved dipping alfalfa leaves into the insecticide solutions and allowing them to air dry before feeding these to the grasshop pers. After the originally treated foliage were consumed, untreated foliage was used to maintain grasshoppers in all treatments. Mortality was assessed a 24, 48, 96, and 192 h after exposure.
Evaluation of Transgenic Corn Against European Corn Borer, 1997A
Authors: Ostlie K. R. , Luedeman J. , Price P. , O’Sell C. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This experiment was conducted to assess the performance of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) transgenic corn hybrids (100- and 105-day RM) and comparable non-Bt hybrids against a natural ECB infestation in southern Minnesota. Plots, each measuring 50 ft by 8 rows (30 inch row spacing), were established in Webster clay loam soil on 2 May at a rate of 33,000 seeds per acre. Plots were arranged in a RCB with four replications. ECB injury assessments for first generation on 15 Aug included % shotholing from the center two rows of each plot and leaf injury ratings (1 to 9 scale) from 10 plants per plot. Tunnel length and number from first generation were measured from 10 plants per plot on 18 Aug. Measurements for second generation ECB on 7-10 Oct included cumulative tunnel length and number, fall larvae, ear and shank damage from 10 plants per plot. Plants were harvested on 23 Oct and yields were corrected to 15.5% moisture.
Evaluation of Transgenic Corn Against European Corn Borer, 1997B
Authors: Ostlie K. R. , Luedeman J. , Price P. , Bhend J. , Potter B. , Porter P. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This experiment was conducted to assess the performance of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) transgenic corn hybrids (100- and 105-day RM) and comparable non-Bt hybrids against a natural ECB infestation in southwest Minnesota. Plots, each measuring 50 ft by 8 rows (30-inch row spacing), were established in Normania loam soil on 5 May at a rate ol 30,000 seeds per acre. Plots were arranged in a RCB with four replications. ECB injury assessments for first generations on 4 Aug included % shotholing from the center two rows of each plot and leaf injury ratings from 10 plants per plot. Tunnel length and number from both the first generation and univoltine generations were measured simultaneously from 10 plants per plot on 27 Aug. Measurements for second-generation ECB on 15-16 Oct included cumulative tunnel length and number, fall larvae, and ear and shank damage. Plots were harvested on 23 Oct and yields were corrected to 15.5% moisture.
Evaluation of Transgenic Corn Against European Corn Borer, 1997D
Authors: Ostlie K. R. , Luedeman J. , Price P. , Jharco M. , Nelson George 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This experiment was conducted to assess the per formance of Bacillus thuringiensis transgenic corn hybrids (&lt;95-day RM) and comparable non-Bt hybrids against a natural ECB infestation in west centra Minnesota. This area contains a mixture of univoltine and multivoltine biotypes. Treatments included 3 non-Bt hybrids (Ciba 4144, NK 2555, NK 3030) anc their isogenic counterparts (Max 357, NK 2555Bt, NK 3030Bt) arranged in a RCB design with 6 replications. Plots, each measuring 50 ft by 8 rows (30-inch row spacing), were planted on 19 May at a rate of 30,000 seeds per acre using a Hiniker Econo Till Planter. Planting preparations, fertilizer and herbicide ap plications followed normal production practices. First generation evaluations on 5 Aug included % of plants with leaf injury, leaf injury ratings (1 to 9 scale) number of tunnels, and tunnel length. Combined effects of univoltine and second generations were measured by examining tunnel number and length, ear anc shank infestations, and overwintering larvae on 20 Sept. Plots were harvested on 10 Oct and yields were corrected to 15.5% moisture.
Evaluation of Sweetpotato Cultivars for Resistance to Sweetpotato Weevil, 1997
Authors: Mao Lixin , Story R. N. , Hammond A. M. , LaBonte Don R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A test was conducted ir Baton Rouge, East Baton Rouge Parish, to determine the resistance of 5 cultivars and 3 breeding lines of sweetpotato to sweetpotato weevil. Single row plots consisting of 10 plants (10 ft. row length) were arranged in a CRB design with 6 replications. Slips were transplanted on July 2. During the growing season 20 adult weevils were released in each replication on 29 Aug, 5 Sep, and 12 Sep. Roots were harvested on 5 Nov and the number of roots damagec by SPW were recorded.
Insecticide Evaluation, 1997
Authors: Hogmire Henry W. , Winfield Tim 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This experiment was conducted in a two-acre orchard of 19-yr-old trees on Halford rootstock. Trees measured 11 ft in height and 13.5 ft in width and were planted at a spacing of 20 X 20 ft. The experimental design consisted of a single plot of 18 trees (6 rows X 3 trees/row) for each of 8 spray treatments and a single plot of 36 trees (6 rows X 6 trees/row) for each of 8 spray treatments and a single plot of 36 trees (6 rows X 6 trees/row) as an untreated check. Insecticides were applied as complete sprays to both sides of the trees with a Swanson DA500A airblast sprayer, which traveled at 2.4 mph and delivered a spray volume of 100 gpa in treatments 1-7 and 250 gpa in treatment 8. Dates [stages or OFM degree days from first moth catch] of application, which differed among treatments, were 21 Apr [petal fall], 29 Apr [late petal fall], 5 May [shuck split], 19 May [shuck fall], 4 Jun [586], 16 June [830], 19 Jun [920], 24 Jun [1085], 30 Jun [1253], 3 Jul [1354], 15 Jul [1692], 29 Jul [2119], and 7 Aug (2318]. Other materials applied separately to all treatments, except for no. 8, were Bravo 720, Orbit, Topsin-M and Ziram. Treatments were evaluated by taking insect counts or assessing injury on 4 single-tree replications from the center of each plot. GPA control was evaluated by counting the number of colonies per tree. Control of first-generation OFM was determined by counting injured terminals per tree. Fruit injury from OFM and catfacing insects was determined by sampling 100 picked fruit from each tree replicate on 19 Aug.
Blueberry, Control of Cranberry Fruitworm and Cherry Fruitworm, 1997
Authors: Wise John C. , Gut Larry J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Insecticides were applied to mature blueberry bushes at the Trevor Nichols Research Complex in Douglas, MI at a rate of 50 GPA with a FMC 1029 airblast sprayer. Treatments plots were arranged in a CRB design of 44-ft-long rows containing a total of 11 bushes, replicated 4 times. Funginex was applied to all treatments. Applications of test materials were made on 19 Jun (Bloom, 5 days past 1st egg laying), 24 Jun (Petal Fall), 2 Jul (PF + 7 days), 11 Jul (1C), 17 Jul (1C + 7 days), 24 Jul (2C), 4 Aug (2C + 7 days). Fruit evaluations were made on 3 Jul, 18 Jul, and 30 Jul by randomly picking 50 blueberry fruit clusters per rep, or 200 clusters per treatment, and evaluating the fruit for CBFW and CFW damage. Fruit clusters with singular damaged berries were counted separately from the clusters with multiple damaged berries to determine the amount of injury caused by CFW compared to CBFW.
Insecticide Efficacy for Root Weevil on Strawberry, 1997
Authors: Tanigoshi L. K. , Chamberlain J. D. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Treatments were replicated four times in a 2-year-old ‘Rainier’ strawberry field in La Center, WA. Plots measuring 3 rows wide and 25 ft long were arranged in a RCB design. Sprays were applied on 6 Jun with a tractor-mounted 6-tank plot sprayer with a 3-row boom using 3 D4-45 TeeJet nozzles per row at 150 psi, delivering 100 gal/acre at 2 mph. Visual samplings for BVW were taken on 13, 16, and 24 Jun along the center 20 feet of the center row beginning at 10 PM with the aid of a flashlight.
Citrus Rust Mite Control on Texas Citrus, 1997
Authors: French J. Victor , Villarreal Santiago 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Kelthane MF and Kelthane 50 W (each tank mixed with Latron AG-44M Acidifier), were compared to Alert 2 SC and standard acaricide Agri-Mek + NR 435 Oil for efficacy against CRM. Treatments were randomized and replicated 4 times on plots of 6 trees each in an orchard of 36-yr-old grapefruit trees planted on 16 X 22 ft spacing. Treatment sprays were applied 30 Apr by an FMC 1229 single-volume commercial airblast sprayer with nozzling, pressure and speed calibrated to deliver 200 gpa. At 1-2-week intervals after treatment, 25 fruit per replicate were randomly selected and examined for CRM in situ with a 10X handlens. All live CRM were counted in two, 1-sq-cm lens fields on the shaded side of each fruit. The two counts per fruit were averaged and recorded as one observation. Upon culmination of the trial, 100 randomly sampled fruit from trees in each replicate were evaluated for CRM feeding injury. If &gt; one-third of the fruit surface area was damaged it was downgraded to process fruit. The percentage of downgraded fruit was determined and expressed as percent russet.