bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hemostatic Resuscitation in Postpartum Hemorrhage—A Supplement to Surgery
Authors: Ekelund K. , Hanke G. , Stensballe J. , Wikkelsøe A. , Albrechtsen C.K. , Afshari A. 
Published: May 2016

(Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2015;94:680–692)
Although postpartum hemorrhage is preventable, it remains a highly prevalent cause of maternal death in poorer countries and seems to be increasingly common in higher income countries as well. Although surgical options can be the most beneficial course of treatment, these measures may fail to stop the hemorrhage. The use of uterotonic agents, controlled cord traction, uterine massage, intrauterine balloon tamponade, or uterine artery embolization can also prove ineffective when health care professionals are faced with a persistent hemorrhage. It is therefore important to determine effective and affordable treatments that can be used in addition to surgical options and uterotonic agents to ensure that hemostasis is achieved. The authors of this review examined the existing literature to evaluate other supplemental methods that are currently used to treat postpartum hemorrhage.
Maternal Hypertensive Disorders, Antihypertensive Medication Use, and the Risk of Birth Defects: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Van Gelder M.M. , Van Bennekom C.M. , Louik C. , Werler M.M. , Roeleveld N. , Mitchell A.A. 
Published: May 2016

(BJOG. 2015;122(7):1002–1009)
Both hypertensive disorders and antihypertensive medication use in early pregnancy may affect fetal development directly either through vascular dysfunction or teratogenic mechanisms. Studies have evaluated the possible link between the prevalence of specific birth defects and hypertension or its treatment. This case-control study tested hypotheses from previous studies to investigate whether defects associated with pharmacological treatment of hypertension might actually be associated with the underlying hypertension itself. Specific kinds of hypertensive disorders during different time windows during pregnancy were investigated.
Auditory Function following Post-dural Puncture Headache Treated with Epidural Blood Patch: A Long-term Follow-up
Authors: Darvish B. , Dahlgren G. , Irestedt L. , Magnuson A. , Möller C. , Gupta A. 
Published: May 2016

(Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. 59 (2015) 1340–1354)
Epidural analgesia is commonly used to manage pain during labor, and in roughly 1% of cases an accidental dural puncture (ADP) results. When ADP occurs, patients frequently experience a severe post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) and can also suffer transient hearing loss. One of the methods used to treat PDPH is an epidural blood patch (EBP). The short- and long-term effects that ADP and this treatment have on auditory function are not known, but the authors of this study hypothesized that there could be residual hearing loss. The study examined the long-term changes in auditory function for patients who suffered ADP and were treated with an EBP.
The data for the study were collected from a group of sixty Swedish women, without documented hearing problems, who had experienced an ADP during labor and were treated with an EBP between 2005 and 2011. These women were tested in 2013 for hearing function and given a questionnaire on perceived hearing impairments. The control group consisted of twenty healthy, non-pregnant women of similar age who had not received a neuraxial block during their previous pregnancies. Each subject answered a general health and a specific hearing questionnaire. Otoscopy examination and pure tone and speech audiometry tests were performed on patients in both the study and control groups. Hearing levels were summarized by the mean and standard deviation using a 3-way analysis of variance model.
Small-for-Gestational-Age Birth and Maternal Plasma Antioxidant Levels in Mid-Gestation: A Nested Case-Control Study
Authors: Cohen J.M. , Kahn S.R. , Platt R.W. , Basso O. , Evans R.W. , Kramer M.S. 
Published: May 2016

(BJOG. 2015;122:1313–1321)
This is one of only a few prospective studies to assess antioxidant levels during pregnancy and the risk of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) birth. It includes the largest number of cases and most comprehensive set of antioxidants measured in studies published to date. The aim of the study was to prospectively measure a broad panel of maternal plasma antioxidant biomarker levels in mid-pregnancy and assess their association with the risk of SGA birth. It is hypothesized that higher levels of antioxidants in maternal blood may provide some protection from SGA birth.
The Effect of β2-Andrenoceptor Genotype on Phenylephrine Dose Administered During Spinal Anesthesia for Cesarean Delivery
Authors: Odekon L. , Landau R. , Blouin J.L. , Brodow D. , Wang S. , Smiley R. 
Published: May 2016

(Anesth Analg. 2015;120:1309–1316)
Cesarean delivery is the most common major operation in the world. Spinal anesthesia has become the anesthetic technique of choice for both elective and nonelective cases. Without proper treatment or preventive measures, most women experience hypotension, often to such an extent that uteroplacental blood flow is compromised and adverse maternal or fetal effects occur. Previous work by the authors has demonstrated an effect of genetic variants of the β2-andrenoceptor (β2AR; ADRB2 gene) on the ephedrine dose required to maintain blood pressure during spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery, but the mechanism by which this occurs is unclear.
Immediate Delivery Versus Expectant Monitoring for Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy Between 34 and 37 Weeks of Gestation (HYPITAT-II): An Open-label, Randomized-Controlled Trial
Authors: Broekhuijsen K. , van Baaren G.J. , van Pampus M.G. , Ganzevoort W. , Sikkema J.M. , Woiski M.D. , Oudijk M.A. , Bloemenkamp K.W. , Scheepers H.C. , Bremer H.A. , Rijnders R.J. , van Loon A.J. , Perquin D.A. , Sporken J.M. , Papatsonis D.N. , van Huizen M.E. , Vredevoogd C.B. , Brons J.T. , Kaplan M. , van Kaam A.H. , Groen H. , Porath M.M. , van den Berg P.P. , Mol B.W. , Franssen M.T. , Langenveld J. 
Published: May 2016

(Lancet. 2015;385(9986):2492–2501)
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy occur in approximately 10% of all pregnancies. Although the first Hypertension and Preeclampsia Intervention Trial At Term (HYPITAT) study demonstrated that immediate delivery reduces the risk of adverse maternal outcomes for women with mild gestational hypertension or preeclampsia past 37 weeks of gestation, little is known about the risks and benefits of immediate delivery versus continuing the pregnancy for women at 34 to 37 weeks of gestation who have hypertensive disorders. This open-label, randomized-controlled trial investigated the effect of immediate delivery versus expectant management on maternal and neonatal outcomes for women with hypertensive disorders at 34 to 37 weeks’ gestation.
The Importance of the Cerebroplacental Ratio in the Evaluation of Fetal Well-Being in SGA and AGA Fetuses
Authors: DeVore G.R. 
Published: May 2016

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2015;213(1):5–15)
The cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) is becoming an important way to assess fetal well-being and risk of adverse pregnancy outcome in fetuses diagnosed as small for gestational age (SGA) and appropriate for gestational age (AGA). Recent reports have indicated that abnormal CPR scores are associated with adverse perinatal events, fetal distress, and a higher rate of emergency cesarean deliveries. This article reviews studies where CPR has been used to evaluate SGA and AGA fetuses to predict adverse outcomes during labor and subsequent neonatal complications.
Nulliparous Women in the Second Stage of Labor: Changes in Delivery Outcomes Between 2 Cohorts From 2000 to 2011
Authors: Fitzwater Joseph L. , Owen John , Ankumah Nana-Ama , Campbell Sukhkamal B. , Biggio Joseph R. , Szychowski Jeff M. , Edwards Rodney K. 
Published: May 2016

Obstet Gynecol. 2015;126:81–86
A prolonged second stage of labor has been associated with increased maternal risk for complications such as puerperal infection, perineal lacerations, and postpartum hemorrhage. It is also associated with neonatal morbidities including admission to the intensive care unit, sepsis, and low Apgar scores. However, ending the second stage of labor based solely on its duration might not be necessary, according to existing research. This retrospective cohort study examined the changes that have occurred over the past decade in both the modes of delivery and the delivery outcomes for women who have not previously given birth.
Transthoracic Echocardiographic Assessment of Haemodynamics in Severe Preeclampsia and HIV in South Africa
Authors: Dennis A.T. , Dyer R.A. , Gibbs M. , Nel L. , Castro J.M. , Swanevelder J.L. 
Published: May 2016

(Anaesthesia. 2015, 70, 1028–1038)
Preeclampsia and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are 2 serious global health problems for women. Although preeclampsia affects 6.5 million women each year, HIV infection affects 1.5 million pregnant women globally, with thousands of maternal deaths complicated by HIV infection. In South Africa, both are significant health problems. The objectives of this study were: to determine hemodynamics using transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) in women with preeclampsia, both untreated and treated; and to determine the differences, if any, in hemodynamics between healthy term pregnant women and term women with HIV, using TTE.
Self-Hypnosis for Intrapartum Pain Management in Pregnant Nulliparous Women: A Randomized-Controlled Trial of Clinical Effectiveness
Authors: Downe S. , Finlayson K. , Melvin C. , Spiby H. , Ali S. , Diggle P. , Gyte G. , Hinder S. , Miller V. , Slade P. , Trepel D. , Weeks A. , Whorwell P. , Williamson M. 
Published: May 2016

(BJOG. 2015; 122:1226–1234)
There has been a rising demand from the parturient population for alternative forms of labor pain relief beyond epidural analgesia. One of these alternatives, hypnosis, might be able to reduce the use of epidural analgesia for labor and potentially decrease the need for interventions (eg, instrumental birth, neonatal antibiotic administration related to maternal fever). Subsequently, in this multicenter, nonblinded, randomized-controlled trial, undertaken in the United Kingdom, the authors established a self-hypnosis group program for nulliparous women in their third trimester of pregnancy (27 to 32 wk gestation) and examined the program’s effect on epidural use during labor.
A Comparison of Fentanyl With Pethidine for Pain Relief During Childbirth: A Randomized-Controlled Trial
Authors: Fleet J. , Belan I. , Jones M.J. , Ullah S. , Cyna A.M. 
Published: May 2016

(BJOG. 2015 Jun;122(7):983–992)
Pethidine (meperidine) is the most commonly administered opioid for labor pain in women unable or unwilling to undergo epidural analgesia. It has a slow onset and the potential for adverse effects, due in part to the active metabolite norpethidine (normeperidine), which has been associated with neuronal depression in the neonate for up to 60 hours after birth. The faster-acting opioid fentanyl has shown promise as an alternative to pethidine, with the advantages of rapid onset, short duration, and no active metabolite. In studies comparing intravenous (IV) fentanyl with IV pethidine in the obstetric setting, IV fentanyl resulted in fewer adverse effects in both mother and baby. Less invasive intranasal (IN) and subcutaneous (SC) fentanyl have been shown to be efficacious in nonobstetric settings, but few studies have examined the administration of fentanyl by these routes in laboring parturients. This randomized-controlled trial compared the efficacy of fentanyl administered intranasally or subcutaneously with intramuscular (IM) pethidine for labor analgesia, as measured by pain scores 30 minutes after treatment. Important secondary maternal outcomes included the rating of perceived feelings of control during labor using the Labor Agentry Scale (LAS) questionnaire, and satisfaction with the treatment intervention, determined by the participant’s willingness to use the treatment again.
Spinal Ultrasound Versus Palpation for Epidural Catheter Insertion in Labour: A Randomized-Controlled Trial
Authors: Arzola C. , Mikhael R. , Margarido C. , Carvalho J.C. 
Published: May 2016

(Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2015 Jul;32(7):499–505)
Ultrasound guidance has gained increasing acceptance among anesthesiologist as a means to improve the efficacy and safety of various procedures, including vascular access, peripheral nerve blockade, and neuraxial anesthesia. Although several studies have been published on the use of spinal ultrasound, a common limitation is that a single expert investigator or selected group of anesthesiologists performed the ultrasound scanning while an experienced or novice operator carried out the neuraxial technique, This may affect the generalizability of the existing data and raises the question of whether the same benefits would be observed if clinicians performed both the ultrasound scanning and the neuraxial procedure. This randomized-controlled trial investigated the impact of ultrasound usage on the ease of insertion of labor epidurals by a mixed group of trainees after they participated in a comprehensive teaching program on ultrasound assessment of the spine. The investigators hypothesized that the use of preprocedural spinal ultrasound would improve the ease of insertion of labor epidural catheters when compared with the conventional palpation technique.
Spinal Anaesthesia With Low-dose Bupivacaine in Marginally Hyperbaric Solutions for Caesarean Section: A Randomized-Controlled Trial
Authors: Tang W.X. , Li J.J. , Bu H.M. , Fu Z.J. 
Published: May 2016

(Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2015;32(7):493–498)
Studies involving spinal anesthesia in nonobstetric situations have demonstrated that marginally hyperbaric bupivacaine solutions (containing ≤0.8% glucose but still denser than cerebrospinal fluid) produce a more consistent block albeit a lower sensory level than the conventional hyperbaric solution containing 8% glucose. The marginally hyperbaric solution has also been found to have a lower rate of hypotension in the nonobstetric setting. However, the efficacy of spinal anesthesia with marginally hyperbaric low-dose bupivacaine has not been studied during cesarean section (CS). This randomized, controlled trial compared the efficacy of 3 different marginally hyperbaric solutions of low-dose (7.2 mg) bupivacaine with that of the conventional hyperbaric solution in women undergoing elective CS The investigators hypothesized that the marginally hyperbaric low-dose bupivacaine solutions would be associated with a reduced cephalad spread and a reduced incidence of side effects compared with the conventional hyperbaric solution.
Undiagnosed Vertebral Hemangioma Causing a Lumbar Compression Fracture and Epidural Hematoma in a Parturient Undergoing Vaginal Delivery Under Epidural Analgesia: A Case Report
Authors: Staikou C. , Stamelos M. , Boutas I. , Koutoulidis V. 
Published: May 2016

(Can J Anesth. (2015) 62:901–906)
Vertebral hemangiomas are benign vascular tumors that tend to develop within the vertebra and occur in roughly 10% of the population. These tumors do not typically grow quickly and do not cause any symptoms as long as they remain within the vertebra. However, if these tumors grow beyond the spine’s bony structures, they can produce symptoms related to nerve root compression or compression of the spinal cord. Similarly aggressive development of vertebral hemangiomas can become apparent in pregnant patients, especially during the third trimester when previously undiagnosed tumors may begin to cause a number of neurological symptoms, including radicular pain, sensory and motor deficits, and incontinence. This article details an atypical case in which vertebral hemangiomas resulted in a vertebral fracture that presented at first as postpartum back pain following epidural analgesia.
The patient in question was a 32-year-old North African pregnant woman who was at 40+4 weeks gestation. She had previously experienced 3 uncomplicated deliveries without epidural analgesia. At 162 cm in height and weighing 96 kg, she had gained roughly 27 kg during this pregnancy, which was significantly more than what she had gained with her other pregnancies. The patient did not have a history of back pain or trauma and did not suffer from any neurological or coagulation disorders. She had never received general or neuraxial anesthesia before this pregnancy.
Case 29-2015: A 38-Year-Old Pregnant Woman With Headache and Visual Symptoms
Authors: Feske Steven K. , Goldberg Marcia , Dudzinski David M. , Gonzalez Ramon Gilberto , Kovach Alexandra E. 
Published: May 2016

(N Engl J Med. 2015;373:1154–1164)
In this case report, a 38-year-old pregnant woman (gravid 2, para 0) was admitted to the hospital at 33 weeks 3 days of gestation because of occipital headache, vomiting, a 2-minutes spell with visual symptoms (tunnel vision, spots in the visual field, unsteadiness, and vertigo) and hyperventilation.
Menopausal women requesting egg/embryo donation: examining health screening guidelines for assisted reproductive technology
Authors: MacArthur Taleen , Bachmann Gloria , Ayers Charletta 
Published: May 2016

Abstract

Objective:
As more postreproductive women opt to pursue pregnancy with advanced assisted reproductive technologies (ART), the menopausal practitioner will become more involved in counseling, screening, and referral of premenopausal, perimenopausal, and postmenopausal women for these services. This review was conducted with the aim of (1) evaluating ART screening practices as they pertain to postreproductive women, and (2) reviewing the outcomes of ART using oocyte donation in postreproductive women.

Methods:
A total of 950 unique records were found on PubMed, Clinical Key, and Google Scholar. Of these, 252 records were screened for relevance based on their titles and abstracts. With further review of these 252 records, 93 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility, and 63 were excluded based on relevance to our study. Finally, 30 studies were included in our qualitative synthesis.

Results:
Despite the increasing use of ART in postreproductive women, there are limited guidelines for determining candidacy with regard to maternal health, the most comprehensive of which are the guidelines from the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM). Although the American Society for Reproductive Medicine guidelines state that healthy women over 50 who are prepared for parenthood are candidates for ART through oocyte donation, they note that older women should be counseled as to the increased obstetric risk associated with advanced maternal age. With aging, particularly for those women who are menopausal and postmenopausal, the woman and her fetus, however, are at risk of increased morbidity and mortality as compared with younger, healthy pregnant women. Because national trends suggest that women are delaying childbearing, the cohort of postreproductive women looking toward ART using donor oocytes as a fertility option will expand and menopausal practitioners will often participate in the ART counseling of these women.

Conclusions:
Because maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality increase in postmenopausal women who become pregnant through ART, practitioners caring for this cohort should provide input into developing standardized, comprehensive guidelines for this population so that screening is consistent for all older women seeking this intervention and risks are objectively outlined and considered.
Effects of ospemifene, a novel selective estrogen-receptor modulator, on human breast tissue ex vivo
Authors: Eigeliene Natalija , Kangas Lauri , Hellmer Christina , Kauko Tommi , Erkkola Risto , Härkönen Pirkko 
Published: May 2016

Abstract

Objective:
Ospemifene (Osp) is a novel selective estrogen-receptor modulator (SERM) accepted for the treatment of dyspareunia, a symptom of postmenopausal vulvovaginal atrophy. We aimed to analyze the effects of Osp on human breast tissue (HBT), in comparison with the clinically established SERMs raloxifene (Ral) and tamoxifen (Tam), using ex vivo explant cultures.

Methods:
HBT samples were obtained from postmenopausal women undergoing mammoplasty and cultured with or without Osp, Ral, Tam, or 17β-estradiol (E2) for 7 and 14 days, and studied for morphology, proliferation, and apoptosis. The expression of epithelial markers, the estrogen-receptor alpha (ERα), the androgen receptor (AR), TFF1, and apolipoprotein D was evaluated using immunohistochemistry and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The PvuII polymorphism of ERS1 was determined.

Results:
Osp, similar to Ral and Tam, decreased the number of proliferating cells in a concentration-dependent manner (at 100 nM, P < 0.01) and strongly opposed 10 nM E2-stimulated proliferation (P < 0.001). Corresponding effects were observed in the proportions of cells expressing ERα and TFF1 (P < 0.001). At 14 days apoptosis was increased by 100 nM SERMs (P < 0.01), but, notably, decreased by 1 nM Osp and Ral at day 7 (P < 0.05). The SERMs exerted ER-agonist effects on AR-positive cell populations at 1 nM (P < 0.05), but not at 100 nM concentrations. The effects on proliferation and ERα expressing cell numbers were associated with the ERS1 PvuII genotype.

Conclusions:
In summary, Osp inhibited proliferation and opposed E2 stimulation in normal HBT in an efficacious, but less potent way than Ral and Tam. The ESR1 PvuII polymorphisms may influence the responsiveness of HBT to E2 and SERMs.
Binge-eating disorder: emerging treatments for a new diagnosis
Authors: Tsappis Michael , Freizinger Melissa , Forman Sara F. 
Published: May 2016

Purpose of review
This review provides an update on the new Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) diagnosis of binge-eating disorder (BED) by presenting diagnostic criteria, associated risk factors and co-morbidities, and tools for assessment. An update on the currently available evidence-based treatments for adolescent BED is provided to help with the coordination of treatment planning for identified patients with this condition.

Recent findings
BED is now officially included in the DSM. Research with youth has begun to show improvement from treatments such as cognitive behavioral therapy, previously shown to be useful in adults.

Summary
BED is common and often begins during youth. The availability of diagnostic criteria, along with increasing knowledge about the condition and available treatments, is expected to result in improved identification and management in younger patients.