bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Children's Health in the Intergenerational Transmission of Economic Status
Authors: Aizer Anna 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIntergenerational mobility is relatively low in the United States. Children who grow up in poverty are eight times more likely to live in poverty in adulthood than their counterparts who do not live in poverty. What is it about growing up in poverty that reduces the probability of economic success later in life? On average, children whose families live in poverty have lower levels of cognitive skills, noncognitive skills (e.g., behavior including perseverance and adaptability), and health, all of which contribute to earnings in adulthood. In this article, I examine the role children's health plays in intergenerational transmission of economic status from an economic perspective and in the context of a developed, high‐income country (the United States). Evidence suggests that the mechanisms by which parents’ income affects children's health include, but are not limited to, reduced access to health insurance and medical care, greater exposure to environmental toxins, inadequate nutrition, and greater family violence and stress. I conclude with evidence suggesting that public investments in children's health can reduce the intergenerational transmission of economic status and the inequality of the next generation in the United States, as well as in other less developed nations.
Effect of vonoprazan on the treatment of artificial gastric ulcers after endoscopic submucosal dissection: Prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: Tsuchiya Izumi , Kato Yuri , Tanida Emiko , Masui Yoshifumi , Kato Shingo , Nakajima Atsushi , Izumi Motoyoshi 
Published: March 2017

Background and AimProton pump inhibitors are effective for the treatment of gastric ulcers after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). However, the most excellent therapy is controversial. Vonoprazan, an active potassium‐competitive acid blocker, has a strong gastric acid secretion inhibitory effect, but its efficacy for the treatment of post‐ESD gastric ulcers is unclear. Herein, we aimed to determine the healing effect of vonoprazan on post‐ESD gastric ulcers.MethodsWe carried out a prospective randomized controlled trial examining 92 patients who had undergone ESD for the treatment of gastric neoplasms between April 2015 and June 2016 at Machida Municipal Hospital. Patients were treated with 20 mg/day vonoprazan (V group) or 20 mg/day esomeprazole (E group) for 8 weeks. We evaluated the 8‐week cure rate for artificial ulcers and any complications after ESD.ResultsA total of 80 patients (median age, 73.5 years; 71.3% male) were analyzed. Cure rate for the V group was significantly higher than that for the E group (94.9% [37/39] vs 78.0% [32/41], respectively; P = 0.049). In a multivariate analysis, only vonoprazan was correlated with ulcer healing (odds ratio = 6.33; 95% CI = 1.21–33.20; P = 0.029). Delayed bleeding was experienced only in the E group (7.3% [3/41]), but no significant difference compared with the V group was observed (P = 0.241).ConclusionVonoprazan was significantly superior to esomeprazole for the healing of post‐ESD gastric ulcers and should be considered as a treatment of first choice.
Effects of once‐weekly semaglutide on appetite, energy intake, control of eating, food preference and body weight in subjects with obesity
Authors: Blundell John , Finlayson Graham , Axelsen Mads , Flint Anne , Gibbons Catherine , Kvist Trine , Hjerpsted Julie B. 
Published: March 2017

AimThe aim of this trial was to investigate the mechanism of action for body weight loss with semaglutide.Materials and methodsThis randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, two‐period crossover trial investigated the effects of 12 weeks of treatment with once‐weekly subcutaneous semaglutide, dose‐escalated to 1.0 mg, in 30 subjects with obesity. Ad libitum energy intake, ratings of appetite, thirst, nausea and well‐being, control of eating, food preference, resting metabolic rate, body weight and body composition were assessed.ResultsAfter a standardised breakfast, semaglutide, compared with placebo, led to a lower ad libitum energy intake during lunch (−1255 kJ;
P
< .0001) and during the subsequent evening meal (
P
= .0401) and snacks (
P
= .0034), resulting in a 24% reduction in total energy intake across all ad libitum meals throughout the day (−3036 kJ;
P
< .0001). Fasting overall appetite suppression scores were improved with semaglutide vs placebo, while nausea ratings were similar. Semaglutide was associated with less hunger and food cravings, better control of eating and a lower preference for high‐fat foods. Resting metabolic rate, adjusted for lean body mass, did not differ between treatments. Semaglutide led to a reduction from baseline in mean body weight of 5.0 kg, predominantly from body fat mass.ConclusionAfter 12 weeks of treatment, ad libitum energy intake was substantially lower with semaglutide vs placebo with a corresponding loss of body weight observed with semaglutide. In addition to reduced energy intake, likely mechanisms for semaglutide‐induced weight loss included less appetite and food cravings, better control of eating and lower relative preference for fatty, energy‐dense foods.Video AbstractA free Video Abstract to accompany this article is available at: https://player.vimeo.com/video/218478638.
Effect of historical land‐use and climate change on tree‐climate relationships in the upper Midwestern United States
Authors: Goring Simon J. , Williams John W. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractContemporary forest inventory data are widely used to understand environmental controls on tree species distributions and to construct models to project forest responses to climate change, but the stability and representativeness of contemporary tree‐climate relationships are poorly understood. We show that tree‐climate relationships for 15 tree genera in the upper MidwesternUShave significantly altered over the last two centuries due to historical land‐use and climate change. Realised niches have shifted towards higher minimum temperatures and higher rainfall. A new attribution method implicates both historical climate change and land‐use in these shifts, with the relative importance varying among genera and climate variables. Most climate/land‐use interactions are compounding, in which historical land‐use reinforces shifts in species‐climate relationships toward wetter distributions, or confounding, in which land‐use complicates shifts towards warmer distributions. Compounding interactions imply that contemporary‐based models of species distributions may underestimate species resilience to climate change.
Infundibular protein and RNA microarray analyses from affected and clinically non‐affected scalp in male androgenetic alopecia patients
Authors: Vogt Annika , Pfannes Eva K. B. , Fimmel Sabine , Hadam Sabrina , Andruck Annette , Kottner Jan , Blume‐Peytavi Ulrike 
Published: March 2017

AbstractNon‐invasive sample collection methods could facilitate clinical research on hair diseases. In an exploratory experimental study on six male volunteers with untreated androgenetic alopecia (AGA), Hamilton‐Norwood stage IIIv‐IV, skin surface and infundibular protein as well as RNA extracts from plucked hair follicles were analyzed from frontal skin, vertex and clinically unaffected occiput. Slightly increased levels of inflammatory markers were only found in AGA‐affected scalp skin and infundibulum, not in RNA from plucked hair follicles. RNA expression profiles point towards differential expression of genes involved in hair cycle regulation, hair keratin production, but also RNA methylation and ion channel regulation.
Autoantibodies of non‐inflammatory bullous pemphigoid hardly deplete type XVII collagen of keratinocytes
Authors: Imafuku Keisuke , Iwata Hiroaki , Kamaguchi Mayumi , Izumi Kentaro , Natsuga Ken , Ujiie Hideyuki , Nishie Wataru , Shimizu Hiroshi 
Published: March 2017

AbstractType XVII collagen (COL17) and the non‐collagenous 16A (NC16A) domain is regarded as the major pathogenic domains for bullous pemphigoid (BP). Some patients with BP have autoantibodies against parts of COL17 outside the NC16A domain (hereinafter the non‐NC16A domain) and show less inflammatory manifestations. There were no significant differences in titres and IgG subclasses between NC16A‐BP and non‐NC16A‐BP as determined by indirect immunofluorescent microscopy. The neutrophil activation capacities determined by ROS release did not differ between NC16A‐BP and non‐NC16A‐BP. However, NC16A‐BP IgG depleted COL17 in a dose‐dependent manner. Treatment with NC16A‐BP IgG, but not with non‐NC16A‐BP IgG, significantly decreased the adhesion strength. We speculate that the differences in clinical severity between NC16A‐BP and non‐NC16A‐BP relate to the degree of COL17 depletion.
UV adaptation: Pigmentation and protection against overexposure
Authors: de Gruijl Frank R. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe skin is known to adapt to UV exposures, that is become less sensitive to sunburn. Reported decreases in sensitivity vary widely from well over 10‐fold down to a negligible 10%. This appears to depend importantly on the UV irradiation spectrum to which the skin adapts and on the UV irradiation spectrum that is used to test the sensitivity. The sensitivity is conventionally and generally assessed by the reciprocal of the minimal erythema dose (MED): the UV dose causing a just perceptible reddening of the skin after 8‐24 hours. However, MED is much too subtle for everyday life: people will not notice a minimal reddening and commonly consider themselves sunburnt at considerably higher UV doses causing an intense reddening. Levels of adaptation of a well‐tanned skin may be substantially higher at these more intense levels of reddening than MED levels. This expectation is based on the fact that people with a constitutively coloured skin may show moderate differences in MED compared with fair‐skinned people but far less steep increases in reddening with overexposures to solar‐simulated radiation (SSR). UVA exposure is known to enhance pigmentation and may thus be important in protection against overexposure to SSR.
Genetic 3′UTR variation is associated with human pigmentation characteristics and sensitivity to sunlight
Authors: Hernando Barbara , Peña‐Chilet Maria , Ibarrola‐Villava Maider , Martin‐Gonzalez Manuel , Gomez‐Fernandez Cristina , Ribas Gloria , Martinez‐Cadenas Conrado 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSunlight exposure induces signalling pathways leading to the activation of melanin synthesis and tanning response. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can regulate the expression of genes involved in pigmentation pathways by binding to the complementary sequence in their 3′untranslated regions (3′UTRs). Therefore, 3′UTR SNPs are predicted to modify the ability of miRNAs to target genes, resulting in differential gene expression. In this study, we investigated the role in pigmentation and sun‐sensitivity traits, as well as in melanoma susceptibility, of 38 different 3′UTR SNPs from 38 pigmentation‐related genes. A total of 869 individuals of Spanish origin (526 melanoma cases and 343 controls) were analysed. The association of genotypic data with pigmentation traits was analysed via logistic regression. Web‐based tools for predicting the effect of genetic variants in microRNA‐binding sites in 3′UTR gene regions were also used. Seven 3′UTR SNPs showed a potential implication in melanoma risk phenotypes. This association is especially noticeable for two of them, rs2325813 in the MLPH gene and rs752107 in the WNT3A gene. These two SNPs were predicted to disrupt a miRNA‐binding site and to impact on miRNA‐mRNA interaction. To our knowledge, this is the first time that these two 3′UTR SNPs have been associated with sun‐sensitivity traits. We state the potential implication of these SNPs in human pigmentation and sensitivity to sunlight, possibly as a result of changes in the level of gene expression through the disruption of putative miRNA‐binding sites.
Haematoxylin and eosin staining identifies medium to large bacterial aggregates with a reliable specificity: A comparative analysis of follicular bacterial aggregates in axillary biopsies using peptide nucleic acid‐fluorescence in situ hybridization and haematoxylin and eosin staining
Authors: Ring Hans Christian , Theut Riis Peter , Bay Lene , Kallenbach Klaus , Bjarnsholt Thomas , Jemec Gregor B. E. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAlthough peptide nucleic acid (PNA), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) are the reference tools in the study of bacterial aggregates/biofilms, it may also be rather time‐consuming. This study aimed to investigate the sensitivity and specificity between bacterial aggregates identified by haematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining vs bacterial aggregates in corresponding PNA‐FISH samples. Axillary biopsies were obtained in 24 healthy controls. HE‐stained and PNA‐FISH samples were investigated using traditional light microscopy and CLSM, respectively. The data demonstrate that HE staining identifies large bacterial aggregates (>10 μm) with a sensitivity of 0.43 and specificity of 1. The methods, however, are not equivalent as demonstrated by a McNemar's test (P=.04). Where bacterial aggregates >10 μm in diameter, HE staining may offer a rapid and practical low‐cost tool to evaluate bacterial aggregates.
Periphyton density is similar on native and non‐native plant species
Authors: Grutters Bart M. C. , Gross Elisabeth M. , van Donk Ellen , Bakker Elisabeth S. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Non‐native plants increasingly dominate the vegetation in aquatic ecosystems and thrive in eutrophic conditions. In eutrophic conditions, submerged plants risk being overgrown by epiphytic algae; however, if non‐native plants are less susceptible to periphyton than natives, this would contribute to their dominance. Non‐native plants may differ from natives in their susceptibility to periphyton growth due to differences in nutrient release, allelopathy and architecture. Yet, there is mixed evidence for whether plants interact with periphyton growth through nutrient release and allelopathy, or whether plants are neutral so that only their architecture matters for periphyton growth.

We hypothesised that (1) non‐native submerged vascular plants support lower periphyton density than native species, (2) native and non‐native species are not neutral substrate for periphyton and interact with periphyton and (3) periphyton density increases with the plant structural complexity of plant species.

We conducted an experiment in a controlled climate chamber where we grew 11 aquatic plant species and an artificial plant analogue in monocultures in buckets. These buckets were inoculated with periphyton that was collected locally from plants and hard substrate. Of the 11 living species, seven are native to Europe and four are non‐native. The periphyton density on these plants was quantified after five weeks.

We found that the periphyton density did not differ between non‐native and native plants and was not related to plant complexity. Three living plant species supported lower periphyton densities than the artificial plant, one supported a higher periphyton density and the other plants supported similar densities. However, there was a strong negative correlation between plant growth and periphyton density.

We conclude that the periphyton density varies greatly among plant species, even when these were grown under similar conditions, but there was no indication that the interaction with periphyton differs between native and non‐native plant species. Hence, non‐native plants do not seem to benefit from reduced periphyton colonisation compared to native species. Instead, certain native and non‐native species tolerate eutrophic conditions well and as a consequence, they seem to host less periphyton than less tolerant species.
Reigniting compassion in healthcare: Manaakitia Reflective Rounds
Authors: Shah Shamsul , Lambrecht Ingo , O'Callaghan Anne 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundThe reported levels of staff stress and burnout at all levels of training and disciplines is significant and recognised to impact on the care of patients and families. We present an initiative to support staff at Auckland City Hospital based on the Schwartz Center Rounds.AimTo evaluate the efficacy of monthly case‐based, staff support reflective rounds to discuss complex emotional and psychosocial issues that arise in caring for patients and families.MethodsAt Auckland City Hospital, a pilot programme called Manaakitia Reflective Rounds was conducted between April 2014 and September 2015. These were facilitated 1‐h, monthly, case‐based, staff support groups to discuss complex emotional and psychosocial issues in caring for patients. Staff evaluations and feedback were collated.ResultsA total of 12 rounds was conducted exploring a range of challenging issues, from difficulty in achieving a patient's wish to die at home to coping with the ‘heart sink’ patient. There were 276 attendees in total, with an average attendance of 23 participants per round. A total of 218 evaluations was returned (79%) with rounds being rated as either exceptional or excellent by 87.5% of participants. Attendees reported positive benefits, such as gaining knowledge to help them care for patients (94%), working better with colleagues (87%) and gaining insight into how others think and feel in caring for patients (97%).Attendees reported a sense of having a ‘shared experience’ with better understanding of each other's professional perspectives and acknowledgement of the limitations (practical and human) in caring for patients and families.ConclusionEvaluations of the rounds indicate a need for staff to have a safe and supportive space to explore the emotional aspects of their work. Staff particularly appeared to value having a ‘shared understanding’ with the recognition that they are ‘not alone’ when managing challenging situations.
Distinctive role of efferocytosis in dendritic cell maturation and migration in sterile or infectious conditions
Authors: Penteado Letícia de Aquino , Dejani Naiara Naiana , Verdan Felipe Fortino , Orlando Allan Botinhon , Niño Victoria Eugenia , Dias Fernanda De Nuzzi , Salina Ana Carolina Guerta , Medeiros Alexandra Ivo 
Published: March 2017

SummaryEfferocytosis, or clearance of apoptotic cells (ACs), by dendritic cells (DCs) leads to immune response suppression and tolerance to self‐antigens. However, efferocytosis of infected apoptotic cells (IACs) leads to the production of a mixed pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokine milieu. We examined the DC phenotype and ability to migrate after phagocytosis of ACs or IACs and observed higher levels of CD86 and CCR7 expression in DCs, as well as enhanced migration capacity following efferocytosis of IACs. Interestingly, higher levels of interleukin‐1β, interleukin‐10 and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were also produced in this context. Blockage of IAC recognition led to an impaired maturation profile and PGE2 production, which may have contributed to reduced CD86 and CCR7 expression and migration capacity. These data contribute to the understanding of how efferocytosis of sterile or infected cells may regulate the adaptive immune response, although the precise role of PGE2 in this process requires further investigation.
Educational intervention to decrease stigmatizing attitudes of undergraduate nurses towards people with mental illness
Authors: Bingham Helen , O'Brien Anthony John 
Published: March 2017

AbstractHealth professionals can hold stigmatizing views about people with mental illness. In addition to being discriminatory, these beliefs cause anxiety that can affect learning in the clinical environment. A review of an undergraduate nursing curriculum introduced the Modern Apprenticeship curriculum model and provided an opportunity for an educational intervention designed to address stigmatizing beliefs about people with mental health and addiction problems. The aim of the present study was to measure the extent to which an educational intervention – guided clinical experience in an acute mental health unit during the first year of the curriculum – decreased stigmatizing beliefs of undergraduate nurses towards those with mental health and addiction issues. In a before‐and‐after design, Corrigan's Attribution Questionnaire was used to collect data pre‐ and post‐guided clinical experience in an acute mental health unit. The intervention resulted in a significant positive change in stigmatizing attitudes for four of the nine factors tested. There was a non‐significant positive change in three factors, while two factors showed a non‐significant negative change. Using guided clinical experience as an educational intervention in the first year of an undergraduate nursing curriculum can contribute to positive change in undergraduate nurses’ stigmatizing beliefs. The findings have implications for teaching of mental health content in undergraduate nursing programmes.
Genomic and single‐step evaluations of carcass traits of young bulls in dual‐purpose cattle
Authors: Croué I. , Ducrocq V. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryGenetic evaluations for carcass traits of young bulls in Normande and Montbeliarde breeds are currently being developed in France. In order to determine a suitable genomic evaluation for three carcass traits of young bulls, genomic breeding values were estimated for young candidates to selection using different approaches. Records of 111,789 Normande and 118,183 Montbeliarde were used. Average progeny pre‐adjusted performances (DYD) were calculated for sires. Evaluation approaches were compared based on an assessment of their accuracy (correlation between DYD and estimated breeding values [EBVs]) and bias (regression coefficient of DYD on EBVs) on the 20% youngest AI sires. All genomic approaches were generally more accurate than BLUP (+.045 to +.116 correlation points), except for age at slaughter where single‐step GBLUP (SSGBLUP) was the only genomic method leading to a greater accuracy (+.038 to +.126 points). The best setting of the SSGBLUP relationship matrix was characterized by a weight of 30% for pedigree information in the genomic relationship matrix. SSGBLUP was the most valuable evaluation approach for the evaluation of carcass traits of Normande and Montbeliarde young bulls.
Quantification of substrate and cellular strains in stretchable 3D cell cultures: an experimental and computational framework
Authors: GONZÁLEZ‐AVALOS P. , MÜRNSEER M. , DEEG J. , BACHMANN A. , SPATZ J. , DOOLEY S. , EILS R. , GLADILIN E. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryThe mechanical cell environment is a key regulator of biological processes . In living tissues, cells are embedded into the 3D extracellular matrix and permanently exposed to mechanical forces. Quantification of the cellular strain state in a 3D matrix is therefore the first step towards understanding how physical cues determine single cell and multicellular behaviour. The majority of cell assays are, however, based on 2D cell cultures that lack many essential features of the in vivo cellular environment. Furthermore, nondestructive measurement of substrate and cellular mechanics requires appropriate computational tools for microscopic image analysis and interpretation. Here, we present an experimental and computational framework for generation and quantification of the cellular strain state in 3D cell cultures using a combination of 3D substrate stretcher, multichannel microscopic imaging and computational image analysis. The 3D substrate stretcher enables deformation of living cells embedded in bead‐labelled 3D collagen hydrogels. Local substrate and cell deformations are determined by tracking displacement of fluorescent beads with subsequent finite element interpolation of cell strains over a tetrahedral tessellation. In this feasibility study, we debate diverse aspects of deformable 3D culture construction, quantification and evaluation, and present an example of its application for quantitative analysis of a cellular model system based on primary mouse hepatocytes undergoing transforming growth factor (TGF‐β) induced epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition.