bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Menteries sur la patrie, violence et exils : la guerre selon les narratrices de Gisèle Pineau dans « Paroles de terre en larmes » (1987) et L’Exil selon Julia (1996)
Authors: Harpin Tina 
Published: April 2016

On se souvient de la Seconde Guerre mondiale en Martinique et en Guadeloupe comme de l’ère des administrateurs Robert et Sorin, ces militaires français qui suivirent les ordres de Pétain aux Antilles. La période, marquée par la répression et des conditions de vie difficiles dues au blocus américain, a été redécouverte au cours des années 1980 à travers l’histoire méconnue des « Dissidents », ces soldats antillais partis combattre au sein des troupes des FFL du Général de Gaulle. Parmi les écrivains qui ont contribué notablement à raviver la mémoire de cet épisode remarquable de résistance et d’enthousiasme patriotique, Gisèle Pineau occupe une place à part. Au lieu de dépeindre les Dissidents comme de nouveaux « marrons » ou des héros supposément emblématiques de l’identité « créole » antillaise, elle choisit d’écrire sur leur ambivalence vis-à-vis de leur culture, de leur terre natale et de leurs compatriotes antillaises. Cet article analyse comment Gisèle Pineau révèle les désillusions de combattants au lendemain de la victoire, en donnant la parole à des femmes dans la nouvelle « Paroles de terres en larmes » (1987) et dans le roman L’Exil selon Julia (1996). Dans ces deux récits, le recours à des narratrices permet de dévoiler que la guerre repose sur des mensonges (discours patriotiques trompeurs et fausses promesses) et qu’elle est cause d’aliénation (du fait des traumatismes et des exils provoqués). Un tel point de vue et l’insistance sur le désespoir causé à chaque fois par les promesses non tenues nous invitent à nous interroger sur la violence implicite de ces textes, et la place qu’ils peuvent occuper au sein d’un travail pédagogique sur l’histoire. En dépit de leur message pacifiste et antimilitariste, ces récits sont en effet des fictions amères qui opèrent en quelque sorte une rupture avec la France en tournant violemment le dos à l’histoire nationale.
Migrations patrimoniales : Céline dans quelques fictions francophones contemporaines
Authors: Lafont Suzanne 
Published: April 2016

Que se passe-t-il quand un écrivain dont l’existence est historiquement attestée intervient comme personnage dans une fiction, la sienne ou celle d’un autre écrivain ? Quels sont les effets produits par sa présence dans la fiction hôte et ceux qu’il subit en retour ? Le cas de l’écrivain Louis-Ferdinand Céline, présent dans de nombreuses fictions francophones contemporaines, offre un terrain d’analyse privilégié de ces transferts fictionnels et permet de saisir les processus qui président à la patrimonialisation, à l’échelle mondiale, d’auteurs pas tout à fait « classiques ».
Possible origin of double-peak emission in InGaN quantum wells on m-plane free-standing GaN substrates
Authors: Sakai Shigeta , Yamaguchi Atsushi A. , Kurihara Kaori , Nagao Satoru 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
A new theoretical model has been proposed to explain the origin of the double-peak emission observed characteristically in m-plane InGaN quantum wells (QWs). Although the emission spectrum with a double-peak structure is generally regarded as evidence of In compositional phase separation or extended crystal defects that generate localized energy states, such crystal irregularities cannot be observed by transmission electron microscopy or three-dimensional atom probe in the QWs. It has been clarified, by our model, that only the slowly decaying tailing of the density of states can cause the double-peak structure. This is consistent with experimental results, and furthermore, the measured temperature and In composition dependences of photoluminescence spectra with the double-peak emission can also be successfully reproduced by theoretical calculation based on our model.
Danningsbegrepet i barnehagenes årsplaner – en diskursanalytisk tilnærming
Authors: Nordvik Grete , Alvestad Marit 
Published: April 2016

The introduction of the concept formation (danning/Bildung) in the Norwegian Framework plan for the content and tasks of kindergartens makes it important and interesting to gain new knowledge about this concept theoretical as well as practical. The intention in this article is to identify, analyse and discuss formation discourses in the annual plans. The empirical foundation for this qualitative analysis is twenty strategic selected annual plans from different types of kindergartens located in two Norwegian municipalities. Methodological perspectives are linked to several authors and researchers, in particular to Foucault’s critical discourse analysis. The theoretical perspectives in the study builds on Klafki’s formation theory and critical constructive didactics, and to Kosellec’s historical description of the formation concept. Finally, the two discourses the analysis resulted in: the subjectivity discourse and the community discourse are presented and discussed from relevant theoretical and practical perspectives.Danningsbegrepet er innført i Rammeplan for barnehagens innhold og oppgaver, noe som gjør det både viktig og interessant å utvikle ny kunnskap om danningsbegrepet i barnehagens virksomhet så vel teoretisk som praktisk. Intensjonen i denne artikkelen er å løfte fram, analysere og diskutere hvilke danningsdiskurser som kan spores i årsplanenes beskrivelser av danning. Det empiriske grunnlaget for denne kvalitative analysen er tyve årsplaner fra ulike typer av barnehager lokalisert i to større norske bykommuner. Metodologiske perspektiver er knyttet til flere, men særlig til Focault sin kritiske diskursanalyse. Studien bygger på teoretiske perspektiver fra Klafki sin danningsteori og kritisk konstruktive didaktikk, samt til Kosellec sin begrepshistoriske utredning om danningsbegrepet. Avslutningsvis blir de to diskursene som analysen resulterte i; subjektivitetsdiskursen og felleskapsdiskursen presentert og drøftet ut fra relevante teoretiske og praktiske perspektiver.
Genome sequencing and analysis of the first complete genome ofLactobacillus kunkeeistrain MP2, anApis melliferagut isolate
Authors: Asenjo Freddy , Olmos Alejandro , Henríquez-Piskulich Patricia , Polanco Victor , Aldea Patricia , Ugalde Juan A. , Trombert Annette N. 
Published: April 2016

Background.The honey bee (Apis mellifera) is the most important pollinator in agriculture worldwide. However, the number of honey bees has fallen significantly since 2006, becoming a huge ecological problem nowadays. The principal cause is CCD, or Colony Collapse Disorder, characterized by the seemingly spontaneous abandonment of hives by their workers. One of the characteristics of CCD in honey bees is the alteration of the bacterial communities in their gastrointestinal tract, mainly due to the decrease ofFirmicutespopulations, such as theLactobacilli. At this time, the causes of these alterations remain unknown. We recently isolated a strain ofLactobacillus kunkeei(L. kunkeeistrain MP2) from the gut of Chilean honey bees.L. kunkeei, is one of the most commonly isolated bacterium from the honey bee gut and is highly versatile in different ecological niches. In this study, we aimed to elucidate in detail, theL. kunkeeigenetic background and perform a comparative genome analysis with otherLactobacillusspecies.Methods.L. kunkeeiMP2 was originally isolated from the guts of ChileanA. melliferaindividuals. Genome sequencing was done using Pacific Biosciences single-molecule real-time sequencing technology.De novoassembly was performed using Celera assembler. The genome was annotated using Prokka, and functional information was added using the EggNOG 3.1 database. In addition, genomic islands were predicted using IslandViewer, and pro-phage sequences using PHAST. Comparisons betweenL. kunkeeiMP2 with otherL. kunkeei, andLactobacillusstrains were done using Roary.Results.The complete genome ofL. kunkeeiMP2 comprises one circular chromosome of 1,614,522 nt. with a GC content of 36,9%. Pangenome analysis with 16L. kunkeeistrains, identified 113 unique genes, most of them related to phage insertions. A large and unique region ofL. kunkeeiMP2 genome contains several genes that encode for phage structural protein and replication components. Comparative analysis of MP2 with otherLactobacillusspecies, identified several unique genes ofL. kunkeeiMP2 related with metabolism, biofilm generation, survival under stress conditions, and mobile genetic elements (MGEs).Discussion.The presence of multiple mobile genetic elements, including phage sequences, suggest a high degree of genetic variability inL. kunkeei. Its versatility and ability to survive in different ecological niches (bee guts, flowers, fruits among others) could be given by its genetic capacity to change and adapt to different environments.L. kunkeeicould be a new source ofLactobacilluswith beneficial properties. Indeed,L. kunkeeiMP2 could play an important role in honey bee nutrition through the synthesis of components as isoprenoids.
When can ocean acidification impacts be detected from decadal alkalinity measurements?
Authors: Carter B. R. , Frölicher T. L. , Dunne J. P. , Rodgers K. B. , Slater R. D. , Sarmiento J. L. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWe use a large initial condition suite of simulations (30 runs) with an Earth system model to assess the detectability of biogeochemical impacts of ocean acidification (OA) on the marine alkalinity distribution from decadally repeated hydrographic measurements such as those produced by the Global Ship‐Based Hydrographic Investigations Program (GO‐SHIP). Detection of these impacts is complicated by alkalinity changes from variability and long‐term trends in freshwater and organic matter cycling and ocean circulation. In our ensemble simulation, variability in freshwater cycling generates large changes in alkalinity that obscure the changes of interest and prevent the attribution of observed alkalinity redistribution to OA. These complications from freshwater cycling can be mostly avoided through salinity normalization of alkalinity. With the salinity‐normalized alkalinity, modeled OA impacts are broadly detectable in the surface of the subtropical gyres by 2030. Discrepancies between this finding and the finding of an earlier analysis suggest that these estimates are strongly sensitive to the patterns of calcium carbonate export simulated by the model. OA impacts are detectable later in the subpolar and equatorial regions due to slower responses of alkalinity to OA in these regions and greater seasonal equatorial alkalinity variability. OA impacts are detectable later at depth despite lower variability due to smaller rates of change and consistent measurement uncertainty.
A tale of three islands: Downstream natural iron fertilization in the Southern Ocean
Authors: Robinson J. , Popova E. E. , Srokosz M. A. , Yool A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIron limitation of primary productivity prevails across much of the Southern Ocean but there are exceptions; in particular, the phytoplankton blooms associated with the Kerguelen Plateau, Crozet Islands, and South Georgia. These blooms occur annually, fertilized by iron and nutrient‐rich shelf waters that are transported downstream from the islands. Here we use a high‐resolution (1/12°) ocean general circulation model and Lagrangian particle tracking to investigate whether inter‐annual variability in the potential lateral advection of iron could explain the inter‐annual variability in the spatial extent of the blooms. Comparison with ocean color data, 1998–2007, suggests that iron fertilization via advection can explain the extent of each island's annual bloom, but only the inter‐annual variability of the Crozet bloom. The area that could potentially be fertilized by iron from Kerguelen was much larger than the bloom, suggesting that there is another primary limiting factor, potentially silicate, that controls the inter‐annual variability of bloom spatial extent. For South Georgia, there are differences in the year‐to‐year timing of advection and consequently fertilization, but no clear explanation of the inter‐annual variability observed in the bloom's spatial extent has been identified. The model results suggest that the Kerguelen and Crozet blooms are terminated by nutrient exhaustion, probably iron and or silicate, whereas the deepening of the mixed layer in winter terminates the South Georgia bloom. Therefore, iron fertilization via lateral advection alone can explain the annual variability of the Crozet bloom, but not fully that of the Kerguelen and South Georgia blooms.
Causes of variability in light absorption by particles in snow at sites in Idaho and Utah
Authors: Doherty Sarah J. , Hegg Dean A. , Johnson James E. , Quinn Patricia K. , Schwarz Joshua P. , Dang Cheng , Warren Stephen G. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA characterization of black carbon (BC) and other light‐absorbing particles in snow is presented for three mountain valley sites in Idaho in early 2014 and for one site near Vernal, Utah, in early 2013 and 2014. The focus of the study was on constraining the magnitude and drivers of variations in particulate absorbers in midlatitude U.S. seasonal snow. Mass mixing ratios of BC in newly fallen snow were similar at all three Idaho sites, with a median of 4.7 ± 4.2 ng BC per gram of snow. The median total light‐absorbing particulate mixing ratios in new snow, expressed as an equivalent mixing ratio of BC, was 18 ± 23 ng g−1. At the Utah site, which is near sources of both fossil fuel and dust, the mixing ratios of BC varied from 7 to 45 ng g−1 across seven new snowfall samples, and the BC‐equivalent mixing ratios varied from 9 to 1500 ng g−1. At all sites, dry deposition and in‐snow processes increase the mixing ratio of BC by up to an order of magnitude and increase the mixing ratio of all light‐absorbing particulates by up to 2 orders of magnitude, highlighting the importance of capturing these processes for accurately representing snow albedo in climate models. Spatial variability at a range of scales is found to be considerably smaller than the temporal variations at a given site, with implications for the representativeness of field samples used in observation/model comparisons.
Effects of habitat quality and ambient hyporheic flows on salmon spawning site selection
Authors: Benjankar Rohan , Tonina Daniele , Marzadri Alessandra , McKean Jim , Isaak Daniel J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractUnderstanding the role of stream hydrologic and morphologic variables on the selection of spawning sites by salmonid fishes at high resolution across broad scales is needed for effective habitat restoration and protection. Here we used remotely sensed meter‐scale channel bathymetry for a 13.5 km reach of Chinook salmon spawning stream in central Idaho to describe habitat quality and set boundary conditions for a two‐dimensional surface water model coupled with a three‐dimensional hyporheic flux model. Metrics describing ambient hyporheic flow intensity and habitat quality, which is quantified as a function of stream hydraulics and morphology, were compared to the locations of nests built by female salmon. Nest locations were predicted most accurately by habitat quality followed by channel morphology (i.e., riffles location). As a lesser degree than habitat quality, water surface curvature was also a good indicator of spawning location because its intensity can identify riffle morphology. The ambient hyporheic flow predicted at meter‐scale resolution was not a strong predictor of redd site selection. Furthermore, the study suggests direct morphological measurements obtained from easily measured channel bathymetry data could enable effective and rapid assessments of salmon spawning channels across broad areas.
Vertical variation of mixing within porous sediment beds below turbulent flows
Authors: Chandler I. D. , Guymer I. , Pearson J. M. , van Egmond R. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractRiver ecosystems are influenced by contaminants in the water column, in the pore water and adsorbed to sediment particles. When exchange across the sediment‐water interface (hyporheic exchange) is included in modeling, the mixing coefficient is often assumed to be constant with depth below the interface. Novel fiber‐optic fluorometers have been developed and combined with a modified EROSIMESS system to quantify the vertical variation in mixing coefficient with depth below the sediment‐water interface. The study considered a range of particle diameters and bed shear velocities, with the permeability Péclet number,
between 1000 and 77,000 and the shear Reynolds number,
between 5 and 600. Different parameterization of both an interface exchange coefficient and a spatially variable in‐sediment mixing coefficient are explored. The variation of in‐sediment mixing is described by an exponential function applicable over the full range of parameter combinations tested. The empirical relationship enables estimates of the depth to which concentrations of pollutants will penetrate into the bed sediment, allowing the region where exchange will occur faster than molecular diffusion to be determined.
The effects of Sao Paulo urban heat island on lightning activity: Decadal analysis (1999–2009)
Authors: Bourscheidt Vandoir , Pinto Osmar , Naccarato Kleber P. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractEleven years of lightning data from the Brazilian Integrated National Lightning Detection Network were used to analyze the effects of the urban heat island (UHI) of Sao Paulo on lightning activity, extending the investigation of previous works. Cloud‐to‐ground lightning data were analyzed in both spatial and temporal perspectives, using different approaches: flash density, flash rate, thunderstorm hours (TH), and the cell initiation technique (CIT), which aims to identify the onset of thunderstorms. Land surface temperature (LST) from MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) was used to analyze the UHI evolution over the years. MODIS data were validated using ground stations, distributed within the urban area. Different time intervals (seasonal and intraday) were used in an attempt to separate local convective systems from synoptic‐scale events. The results indicate significant effects of the UHI (using LST) on THs and CIT. The CIT showed a nearly ring pattern, especially during the afternoon (14:00–18:00 LT) of summer months, reinforcing temperature contrast as a condition for storm initiation. The results also suggest an amplification of the UHI effects on thunderstorm activity by local factors (sea and country breeze, synoptic events, and terrain). Higher flash rates were also observed throughout the urban region, which influences the lightning density. Temporal analysis indicates that minimum temperature and lightning activity increase in wintertime. In summary, the results agree with previous studies about the UHI and indicate its importance on lightning occurrence, especially by increasing the temperature contrast and the instability in these regions.
A Continuous‐Flow Cascade Reactor System for Subtilisin A‐ Catalyzed Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of N‐tert‐Butyloxycarbonylphenylalanine Ethyl Thioester with Benzylamine
Authors: Falus Péter , Cerioli Lorenzo , Bajnóczi Gabriella , Boros Zoltán , Weiser Diána , Nagy József , Tessaro Davide , Servi Stefano , Poppe László 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAlcalase® (Subtilisin A) was immobilized by simple hydrophobic adsorption onto various surface‐grafted macroporous silica gels resulting in easy‐to‐prepare and stable biocatalysts enabling the efficient kinetic resolution (KR) and dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) of racemic N‐Boc‐phenylalanine ethyl thioester with benzylamine. The immobilized Alcalase biocatalysts, which retained their activity and selectivity when stored at 4 °C for more than a year, were tested in enzymatic aminolysis in batch and continuous‐flow KRs resulting in (S)‐N‐Boc‐phenylalanine benzylamide in high enantiomeric purity. In KR of the racemic thioester by Alcalase‐catalyzed aminolysis in a continuous‐flow reactor, the productivity (specific reaction rate, rflow) and enantiomeric ratio (E) were studied in the 0–100 °C range. The effect of the temperature on base‐catalyzed racemization of the non‐transformed (R)‐thioester in a continuous‐flow reactor was also investigated in the 0–150 °C range. The continuous‐mode DKR of the racemic thioester in a serial cascade system of six biocatalyst‐filled columns at 50 °C for KR and five grafted silica gel‐filled columns at 150 °C for racemization resulted in the formation of the (S)‐benzylamide in 79% conversion, 8.17 g L−1 h−1 volumetric productivity and 98% ee. This is the first example of a dynamic kinetic resolution of an amino acid derivative in continuous‐flow mode using an alternating cascade of packed‐bed enzyme reactors and racemization reactors kept at different temperatures.magnified image
Synthesis of [60]Fullerene‐Fused Tetralones via Palladium‐ Catalyzed Ketone‐Directed sp2 CH Activation and sp3 CH Functionalization
Authors: Zhou Dian‐Bing , Wang Guan‐Wu 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe palladium‐catalyzed ketone‐directed dual sp2 CH activation and sp3 CH functionalization has been applied for fullerene functionalization for the first time. The sec‐alkyl aryl ketones have been exploited to react with [60]fullerene (C60) to provide the novel and scarce C60‐fused tetralones. The combined use of a highly active cationic palladium(II) catalyst and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid is crucial for the improvement of the reaction yield. A plausible reaction mechanism leading to the observed products has been proposed, and the electrochemistry of the fullerene products has also been investigated.magnified image
Targeted age, device deployment, and problems associated with pediatric defibrillation in pediatric prehospital emergency medical care settings in Japan
Authors: Kaku Noriyuki , Nitta Masahiko , Muguruma Takashi , Tsukahara Kohei , Knaup Emily , Nosaka Nobuyuki , Enomoto Yuki 
Published: April 2016

AimThe use of automated external defibrillators was expanded to include infants according to the 2010 cardiopulmonary resuscitation guidelines in Japan. However, deployment has been slower for pediatric patients in Japan, because there are fewer appropriate pediatric patients for automated external defibrillators than adults. This study aimed to investigate the targeted age range for pediatric defibrillation and device deployment of defibrillators for pediatric patients in prehospital emergency medical care settings in Japan, and present the issues associated with automated external defibrillators.MethodsWe administered a web‐based survey to the fire defense headquarters in Japan regarding prehospital emergency medical care for pediatric patients in June 2013. We extracted and analyzed some parts of the data related to pediatric defibrillation.ResultsEighty‐eight percent of the fire defense headquarters responded to the survey. Sixty‐two percent of the fire defense headquarters applied the expanded indication protocol for pediatric defibrillation, which included infants. Forty‐three percent of the fire defense headquarters replied that their emergency medical service personnel were using semi‐automatic defibrillators without a pediatric mode, whereas 21% of them were using automated external defibrillators that were not equipped with pediatric attenuators. Moreover, many of the semi‐automatic defibrillators are not designed for pediatric defibrillation in patients aged <8 years.ConclusionsPediatric prehospital emergency medical care in Japan is inadequately equipped for pediatric defibrillation. It will be necessary to use age‐appropriate defibrillators as the targeted age range for automated external defibrillators rapidly expands to include infants.