bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gaps in understanding health and engagement with healthcare providers across common long-term conditions: a population survey of health literacy in 29 473 Danish citizens
Authors: Friis Karina , Lasgaard Mathias , Osborne Richard H , Maindal Helle T 
Published: January 2016

ObjectivesTo (1) quantify levels of subjective health literacy in people with long-term health conditions (diabetes, cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, musculoskeletal disorders, cancer and mental disorders) and compare these to levels in the general population and (2) examine the association between health literacy, socioeconomic characteristics and comorbidity in each long-term condition group.DesignPopulation-based survey in the Central Denmark Region (n=29 473).Main outcome measuresHealth literacy was measured using two scales from the Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ): (1) Ability to understand health information and (2) Ability to actively engage with healthcare providers.ResultsPeople with long-term conditions reported more difficulties than the general population in understanding health information and actively engaging with healthcare providers. Wide variation was found between disease groups, with people with cancer having fewer difficulties and people with mental health disorders having more difficulties in actively engaging with healthcare providers than other long-term condition groups. Having more than one long-term condition was associated with more difficulty in engaging with healthcare providers and understanding health information. People with low levels of education had lower health literacy than people with high levels of education.ConclusionsCompared with the general population, people with long-term conditions report more difficulties in understanding health information and engaging with healthcare providers. These two dimensions are critical to the provision of patient-centred healthcare and for optimising health outcomes. More effort should be made to respond to the health literacy needs among individuals with long-term conditions, multiple comorbidities and low education levels, to improve health outcomes and to reduce social inequality in health.
High-heeled shoes and musculoskeletal injuries: a narrative systematic review
Authors: Barnish Maxwell S , Barnish Jean 
Published: January 2016

ObjectivesTo conduct the first systematic review from an epidemiological perspective regarding the association between high-heeled shoe wear and hallux valgus, musculoskeletal pain, osteoarthritis (OA) and both first-party and second-party injury in human participants without prior musculoskeletal conditions.SettingA systematic review of international peer-reviewed scientific literature across seven major languages.Data sourcesSearches were conducted on seven major bibliographic databases in July 2015 to initially identify all scholarly articles on high-heeled shoes. Supplementary manual searches were conducted. Titles, abstracts and full-text articles were sequentially screened to identify all articles assessing epidemiological evidence regarding the association between high-heeled shoe wear and hallux valgus, musculoskeletal pain, OA and both first-party and second-party injury in human participants without prior musculoskeletal conditions. Standardised data extraction and quality assessment (Threats to Validity tool) were conducted.Primary and secondary outcome measuresMusculoskeletal pain or OA as assessed by clinical diagnosis or clinical assessment tool. First-party or second-party injury.Results644 unique records were identified, 56 full-text articles were screened and 18 studies included in the review. Four studies assessed the relationship with hallux valgus and three found a significant association. Two studies assessed the association with OA and neither found a significant association. Five studies assessed the association with musculoskeletal pain and three found a significant association. Eight studies assessed first-party injury and seven found evidence of a significant injury toll associated with high-heeled shoes. One study provided data on second-party injury and the injury toll was low.ConclusionsHigh-heeled shoes were shown to be associated with hallux valgus, musculoskeletal pain and first-party injury. No conclusive evidence regarding OA and second-party injury was found. Societal and clinical relevance of these findings is discussed. Concern is expressed about the expectation to wear high-heeled shoes in some work and social situations and access by children.
Comparative safety and effectiveness of cognitive enhancers for Alzheimer's dementia: protocol for a systematic review and individual patient data network meta-analysis
Authors: Veroniki Areti Angeliki , Straus Sharon E , Ashoor Huda M , Hamid Jemila S , Hemmelgarn Brenda R , Holroyd-Leduc Jayna , Majumdar Sumit R , McAuley Glenn , Tricco Andrea C 
Published: January 2016

IntroductionAlzheimer's dementia (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, and several organisations, such as the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, suggest that management of patients with AD should be tailored to their needs. To date, little research has been conducted on the treatment effect in different subgroups of patients with AD. The aim of this study is to examine the comparative effectiveness and safety of cognitive enhancers for different patient characteristics.Methods and analysisWe will update our previous literature search from January 2015 forward, using the same terms and electronic databases (eg, MEDLINE) from our previous review. We will additionally search grey literature and scan the reference lists of the included studies. Randomised clinical trials of any duration conducted at any time comparing cognitive enhancers alone or in any combination against other cognitive enhancers, or placebo in adults with AD will be eligible. The outcomes of interest are cognition according to the Mini-Mental State Examination, and overall serious adverse events. For each outcome and treatment comparison, we will perform a Bayesian hierarchical random-effects meta-analysis combining the individual patient data (IPD) from each eligible study. If the identified treatment comparisons form a connected network diagram, we will perform an IPD network meta-analysis (NMA) to estimate subgroup effects for patients with different characteristics, such as AD severity and sex. We will combine aggregated data from studies that we will not be able to obtain IPD, with the IPD provided by the original authors, in a single model. We will use the PRISMA-IPD and PRISMA-NMA statements to report our findings.Ethics and disseminationThe findings of this study will be of interest to stakeholders, including decision makers, guideline developers, clinicians, methodologists and patients, and they will help to improve guidelines for the management of patients with AD.Trial registration numberCRD42015023507.
Antimicrobial stewardship: Improving antibiotic prescribing practice in a respiratory ward
Authors: Yeo Jing Ming 
Published: January 2016

AbstractInternational efforts have mandated guidelines on antibiotic use and prescribing, therefore the focus is now on encouraging positive behavioral changes in antibiotic prescribing practice. Documentation of indication and intended duration of antibiotic use in drug charts is an evidence-based method of reducing inappropriate antibiotic prescribing. It is also a standard detailed in our local antimicrobial guidelines. We collected baseline data on compliance with documentation of indication and duration in drug charts in a respiratory ward which revealed compliance rates of 24% and 39% respectively. We introduced interventions to improve accessibility to the guideline and to increase awareness by distributing antibiotic guardian pocket cards with a three-point checklist and strategically-placed mini-posters. We also aim to increase team motivation by obtaining their feedback in multidisciplinary team meetings and by introducing certificates for their involvement in the quality improvement process. The results of the second cycle post-intervention showed an increase in compliance rates for documentation of indication and duration of 97% and 69% respectively. After a further awareness and discussion session at the multidisciplinary team meeting with the local antimicrobial management team audit nurses, a third cycle showed compliance rates of 94% and 71% for indication and duration respectively. This project has highlighted the importance of improving accessibility and of encouraging interventions that would bring about a change in personal value and subsequently in behavior and individual practice.
Structural and functional aspects of social support as predictors of mental and physical health trajectories: Whitehall II cohort study
Authors: Hakulinen Christian , Pulkki-Råback Laura , Jokela Markus , E Ferrie Jane , Aalto Anna-Mari , Virtanen Marianna , Kivimäki Mika , Vahtera Jussi , Elovainio Marko 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundSocial support is associated with better health. However, only a limited number of studies have examined the association of social support with health from the adult life course perspective and whether this association is bidirectional.MethodsParticipants (n=6797; 30% women; age range from 40 to 77 years) who were followed from 1989 (phase 2) to 2006 (phase 8) were selected from the ongoing Whitehall II Study. Structural and functional social support was measured at follow-up phases 2, 5 and 7. Mental and physical health was measured at five consecutive follow-up phases (3–8).ResultsSocial support predicted better mental health, and certain functional aspects of social support, such as higher practical support and higher levels of negative aspects in social relationships, predicted poorer physical health. The association between negative aspects of close relationships and physical health was found to strengthen over the adult life course. In women, the association between marital status and mental health weakened until the age of approximately 60 years. Better mental and physical health was associated with higher future social support.ConclusionsThe strength of the association between social support and health may vary over the adult life course. The association with health seems to be bidirectional.
Revisiting the NIH Stroke Scale as a screening tool for proximal vessel occlusion: can advanced imaging be targeted in acute stroke?
Authors: Moore Ryan D , Jackson John C , Venkatesh Sheila L , Quarfordt Steven D , Baxter Blaise W 
Published: January 2016

Background and purposeMost patients with stroke-like symptoms screened by advanced imaging for proximal occlusion will not have a thrombus accessible by neurointerventional techniques. Development of a sensitive clinical scoring system for rapidly identifying patients with an emergent large vessel occlusion could help target limited resources and reduce exposure to unnecessary imaging.MethodsThis historical cohort study included patients who underwent non-contrast CT and CT angiography in the emergency department for stroke-like symptoms. NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) criteria were extended to include resolved symptoms and dichotomized as present or absent. Combinations of NIHSS criteria were considered as tests for proximal occlusion.ResultsProximal cerebral vascular occlusion was present in 19.2% (100/522) of the population and, of these, 13% (13/100) had an NIHSS score of 0. The presence on examination or history of diminished consciousness with inability to answer questions, leg weakness, dysarthria, or gaze deviation had 96% sensitivity and 39% specificity for proximal occlusion. If implemented in this population, the use of CT angiography would have been decreased by 32.4% (169/522 patients) while missing 0.76% with proximal occlusions (4/522). Half of those missed (2/4) would have been identified as large vessel infarcts on non-contrast CT, while the remainder (2/4) were transient ischemic attacks associated with carotid stenosis.ConclusionsIn this cohort, specific NIHSS criteria were highly sensitive for emergent large vessel occlusion and, if validated, may allow for clinical screening prior to advanced imaging with CT angiography.
Micromechanical Continuum Damage Analysis of Plain Woven Composites
Authors: Li L. , Aliabadi F. , Wen P. H. 
Published: January 2016

Application of meshfree Galerkin method to homogenization and Continuum Damage Mechanics (CDM) analysis of plain woven composites is presented. Three types of meshfree formulations are developed and include: radial basis function, moving least squares and moving Kriging. Three benchmark examples are used to demonstrated the efficiency of the meshfree formulation as well as compare the performance of the three shape functions. Non-linear stress–strain relationhip of unit cellusing the three shape functions are assessed with two benchmark examples of CDM model.
Quantitative Imaging in Cancer Clinical Trials
Authors: Yankeelov Thomas E. , Mankoff David A. , Schwartz Lawrence H. , Lieberman Frank S. , Buatti John M. , Mountz James M. , Erickson Bradley J. , Fennessy Fiona M.M. , Huang Wei , Kalpathy-Cramer Jayashree , Wahl Richard L. , Linden Hannah M. , Kinahan Paul E. , Zhao Binsheng , Hylton Nola M. , Gillies Robert J. , Clarke Laurence , Nordstrom Robert , Rubin Daniel L. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
As anticancer therapies designed to target specific molecular pathways have been developed, it has become critical to develop methods to assess the response induced by such agents. Although traditional, anatomic CT, and MRI examinations are useful in many settings, increasing evidence suggests that these methods cannot answer the fundamental biologic and physiologic questions essential for assessment and, eventually, prediction of treatment response in the clinical trial setting, especially in the critical period soon after treatment is initiated. To optimally apply advances in quantitative imaging methods to trials of targeted cancer therapy, new infrastructure improvements are needed that incorporate these emerging techniques into the settings where they are most likely to have impact. In this review, we first elucidate the needs for therapeutic response assessment in the era of molecularly targeted therapy and describe how quantitative imaging can most effectively provide scientifically and clinically relevant data. We then describe the tools and methods required to apply quantitative imaging and provide concrete examples of work making these advances practically available for routine application in clinical trials. We conclude by proposing strategies to surmount barriers to wider incorporation of these quantitative imaging methods into clinical trials and, eventually, clinical practice. Our goal is to encourage and guide the oncology community to deploy standardized quantitative imaging techniques in clinical trials to further personalize care for cancer patients and to provide a more efficient path for the development of improved targeted therapies. Clin Cancer Res; 22(2); 284–90. ©2016 AACR.
Comunicação, linguagem e consumo: uma análise de discurso nos limites da publicização
Authors: Oliveira Frederico Jorge Tavares de 
Published: January 2016

<p>Neste trabalho, realizei uma análise de discurso de enunciados que circulam no metrô com o objetivo de demonstrar sua participação na textura de formações discursivas e sua vinculação ao plano das formações ideológicas, das ideologias. Especificamente, busco compreender a produção de efeitos de sentido nos limites ou nas mediações de um mesmo entorno teórico e empírico da publicização, testando assim não só o confronto de interesses sociais, mas a maneira como o signo ideológico oculta esse confronto no discurso.</p>
A sedução de Império: surrealismo versus verossimilhança no viés da ficção televisiva
Authors: Nascimento Robéria Nádia Araújo 
Published: January 2016

<p>Este texto, derivado de uma pesquisa em andamento, problematiza a teledramaturgia e suas funções narrativas, entrecruzando-se com a observação de alguns elementos que perpassam a telenovela Império e outras tramas de Aguinaldo Silva. Como embasamento teórico, dialoga com as proposições de Gordillo (2010), Martín-Barbero (2004; 2014), Bulhões (2009), Paiva (2010) e Lopes (2009), a fim de compreender as estratégias de verossimilhança e surrealismo que permeiam o universo da ficção e o tornam fértil ambiente de fruição para os sentidos plurais que mobilizam o imaginário coletivo. Aborda a concepção de realismo fantástico, na tentativa de pensar quais estratégias midiáticas fomentam a ressonância e a mediação das tramas, que despertam novos sentidos de inteligibilidade do cotidiano sociocultural. Por fim, sugere aportes teóricometodológicos para possíveis análises de produtos ficcionais seriados.</p>
A utilização da Lei de Acesso à Informação pela imprensa: análise dos jornais Folha de S.Paulo, O Estado de S. Paulo e O Globo
Authors: Nascimento Solano Dos Santos , Rodrigues Georgete Medleg , Kraemer Luciana 
Published: January 2016

<p>Este artigo apresenta os resultados da análise das reportagens obtidas com o uso da Lei de Acesso à Informação Pública (LAI), publicadas pelos jornais Folha de S. Paulo, O Estado de S. Paulo e O Globo entre 16 de maio de 2012 (quando a lei entrou em vigor) e 15 de janeiro de 2014. Os três jornais publicaram, juntos, no período, 96 reportagens obtidas com a LAI. Os principais temas das reportagens foram ética pública e serviços públicos. Reportagens sobre a ditadura militar foram escassas e em quantidade semelhante à das que trataram de futebol. Um total de 65 repórteres foram os autores das reportagens, o que indica a incorporação da utilização da LAI na rotina jornalística.</p>
O teatro do século XVIII no Brasil: das festas públicas às casas de ópera
Authors: Soutto Mayor Mariana 
Published: January 2016

<p>O artigo investiga as novidades teatrais que ocorreram no Brasil colonial durante o século XVIII. Desde o início da colonização houve no Brasil a aclimatação de modelos festivos europeus, mas foi no século XVIII que ocorreu a construção de instituições teatrais conhecidas como casas de ópera, modificando as funções relacionadas ao teatro. O texto aponta questões sobre esses processos de mudanças, considerando as manifestações cênicas que ocorriam anteriormente aos edifícios teatrais pelo viés da teatralidade</p>
Resistência e restauração de identidades no teatro da microrregião de Pelotas
Authors: Oliveira Adriano Moraes de 
Published: January 2016

<p>O presente texto é resultado de uma pesquisa realizada entre 2012 e 2014 com o objetivo de mapear os grupos teatrais em atividade na microrregião de Pelotas, com o interesse de ampliar o conhecimento sobre as práticas teatrais desse espaço geográfico. O mapeamento aponta para uma prática teatral em que as motivações são muito próximas daquelas dos grandes centros econômicos: experimentação de linguagem, investigação de poética, preservação da memória e, obviamente, teatro como empreendimento comercial e de entretenimento. São apresentadas, também, as principais características do teatro na microrregião de Pelotas, de modo a indicar as ações de resistência a novos modelos, mas também a valorização de modelos de atuação por meio da reiterada restauração identitária.</p>
“Diálogos pernambucanos”: a hora marcada, de Isaac Gondim Filho
Authors: Jardim Jéssica Cristina 
Published: January 2016

<p>O projeto “Diálogos Pernambucanos: Hermilo Borba Filho e a moderna dramaturgia nordestina” tem por objetivo estudar o processo de modernização do teatro no Brasil, enfocando a produção de dramaturgos pernambucanos. Em seu primeiro módulo, a pesquisa teve como objeto a obra de Isaac Gondim Filho. Neste ensaio, tratamos do fantástico moderno na peça A hora marcada (1955). </p>
Mutirão em Novo Sol e o experimentalismo político no teatro brasileiro da década de 1960
Authors: Toledo Paulo Bio , Neiva Sara Mello 
Published: January 2016

<p>Este artigo analisa a peça Mutirão em Novo Sol escrita em 1961 no ambiente do Teatro Arena, assim como o histórico de suas montagens entre 1961 e 1963. Embora esquecida por mais de meio século, a peça foi marcante para o teatro engajado dos anos anteriores ao Golpe Militar de 1964 tanto por protagonizar experiências avançadas na cena como pela inovadora tentativa de composição épica na dramaturgia.</p>
Reverberações dramatúrgicas: técnica Klauss Vianna – princípios mediadores do processo criativo
Authors: Vieira Valquiria Moura 
Published: January 2016

<p>Este texto propõe que a dramaturgia se constrói das relações entre ler e perguntar em um processo mediado pelos princípios que sustentam uma técnica, levando em consideração a não separação de um pensamento de corpo/mundo. A partir da técnica Klauss Vianna e da Teoria Corpomídia, articula como metodologia o diálogo entre a tríade: criação de procedimentos, estado de presença e pergunta.<br /><br /></p>
Spatial and Temporal Variability of Rainfall in the Alps–Mediterranean Euroregion
Authors: Rysman Jean-François , Lemaître Yvon , Moreau Emmanuel 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis study describes the main patterns of rainfall distribution in the Alps–Mediterranean “Euroregion” using a ground radar and characterizes the associated processes using model output. The radar dataset spans 2009–12 with fine spatial (1 km) and temporal (5 min) resolutions. The most significant rain accumulations were observed in 2009 and 2010, and the most intense extreme events occurred in 2010. Conversely, 2012 was a dry year. Model output revealed that the wind shear, the pressure, and the meridional wind at low level were the three main factors explaining the rainfall variability between 2009 and 2012. At the monthly scale, the maximum of rain accumulation was observed in November along the coast. Results also showed that the most intense rain rates were observed during early summer and autumn in the “Pre-Alps.” The monthly variability was characterized by a displacement of extreme rain events from land to sea from late spring to winter. Correlation analyses showed that this displacement was essentially controlled by the convective available potential energy (CAPE). Rainfall showed a diurnal variability from April to August for the land areas of the Alps–Mediterranean Euroregion. The diurnal variability was significant during the spring and summer months, with maximal rain intensity between 1600 and 1800 UTC. The correlation of the rainfall with CAPE showed that this cycle was related to atmospheric instability. A secondary peak in average rain rate was observed during the early morning and was likely triggered by land breezes. The results highlighted that rainfall characteristics are extremely diverse in terms of intensity and distribution in this relatively small region.
Comparison between Total Cloud Cover in Four Reanalysis Products and Cloud Measured by Visual Observations at U.S. Weather Stations
Authors: Free Melissa , Sun Bomin , Yoo Hye Lim 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
A homogeneity-adjusted dataset of total cloud cover from weather stations in the contiguous United States is compared with cloud cover in four state-of-the-art global reanalysis products: the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis from NCEP, the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications from NASA, ERA-Interim from ECMWF, and the Japanese 55-year Reanalysis Project from the Japan Meteorological Agency. The reanalysis products examined in this study generally show much lower cloud amount than visual weather station data, and this underestimation appears to be generally consistent with their overestimation of downward surface shortwave fluxes when compared with surface radiation data from the Surface Radiation Network. Nevertheless, the reanalysis products largely succeed in simulating the main aspects of interannual variability of cloudiness for large-scale means, as measured by correlations of 0.81–0.90 for U.S. mean time series. Trends in the reanalysis datasets for the U.S. mean for 1979–2009, ranging from −0.38% to −1.8% decade−1, are in the same direction as the trend in surface data (−0.50% decade−1), but further effort is needed to understand the discrepancies in their magnitudes.