bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recurrent Incisional Hernia Associated with Interferon Treatment for Virus C Hepatitis: Case Report
Authors: Gherghinescu Mircea , Molnar Călin , Popa Daniel , Russu Cristian , Lazăr Alexandra , Copotoiu Constantin 
Published: May 2016

Abstract

Background: Hepatitis C prevalence in Romania is 3.5%. Nowadays, the treatment of this condition comprise of interferon. One of the interferon’s side effects is the reduction of collagen synthesis, substance that is necessary in the process of abdominal wall healing.

Case report: We report the case of a 56 years old female patient, admitted in our Clinic for a giant, recurrent incisional hernia. The patient’s history was eventful: a hysterectomy for uterine fibroma in 2009, incisional hernia repair in 2010, the treatment with Interferon in 2011 and 2012 for viral hepatitis C. A well represented subcutaneous tissue is observed intraoperator, a wall defect of 15 cm in diameter with a 5 mm thick muscle aponeurosis lay. We performed abdominal wall plasty by components separation technique, reinforced with a polypropylene mesh disposed on lay. Postoperative analgesia was provided by inserting a wound catheter through which Ropivacaine 0,5% was continuously injected for 72 hours. The postoperative evolution was uneventful, the patient being discharged 7 days after the surgical intervention.

Conclusions: The treatment with Interferon of hepatitis C can favor the recurrence of an incisional hernia. The Oscar Ramirez procedure seemed to be the best choice for surgical treatment of this giant incisional hernia. Postoperative analgesia can be accomplished by a wound catheter through which Ropivacaine 5% is continuously infiltrated.
Microwave-assisted decomposition of fgd gypsum in the presence of magnetite and anthracite
Authors: Ji Zhong-Hai , Guo Yu , Chen Jin , Guo Li-Na , Yang Bo , Zhang Xue-Fang , Meng Ling-Jia , Qin Li 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDecomposition of flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum in the presence of (10 mass %) magnetite and different mass fractions of anthracite, as a reducer, has been investigated under microwave irradiation in air atmosphere. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the decomposition residues. Both experiment results and theoretical analysis indicated that the optimum amount of anthracite added to the FGD gypsum (10 mass %) magnetite mixture was 8 mass %. Under optimum conditions, the maximum desulfurization degree after microwave treatment for 60 min at 1000°C was 93.86 %. Due to microwave heating and calcium ferrite formation, the decomposition temperature of FGD gypsum decreased to around 800°C in air atmosphere. Based on the XRD patterns and SEM images, the reaction of CaSO
Relevanz und Trivialität in der soziologischen Forschung / Relevance and Triviality in Sociological Enquiry
Authors: Baldamus Wilhelm 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Although the word ‚relevance’ is increasingly used in current sociology, its meaning is uncertain. Three typical usages may be distinguished: epistemological, political and professional criteria of relevance. It can be shown that the first two usages may be reduced to the third one. We are thus faced with the question: how is it possible to identify a particular substance of social knowledge which is specifically the product of professional sociological work? The question is analysed in terms of T. KUHN’s notion of a ‚scientific paradigm’, as a result, normative patterns of institutionalized scientific praxis rather than formalized rules of procedure emerge as crucial to sociological relevance. Evidence to support this is obtained by comparing two paradigmati- cally representative textbooks, T. PARSONS’ „The Social System“ and H. ZEISEL’S „Say it with figures“. It appears that methodologically the two texts are astonishingly similar, despite the extreme difference in levels of abstraction: both are using the method of successive dichotomization in the formation of concepts. Moreover, both reveal a surprising degree of paradigmatic ‚stability’. But the stability rests on different modes of scientific praxis. The stability of theoretical concept formation derives from a standardized high level of abstraction; the stability of empirical (statistical) praxis is rooted in a standardized repertoire of selected independent variables. In each case, the standardized praxis has come about as a historical process, guided largely by pragmatic criteria of increasingly ‚successful’ attempts in grasping social reality. Thus, instead of one we have in fact two sociological paradigms which developed independently of each other. This makes the task of creating a new (and presumably more ‚relevant’) paradigm all the more difficult: to find out what should be centrally important to professional sociologists at present, „recalcitrant anomalies“ from both the theoretical and the empirical domain will have to be assimilated. This cannot be achieved if one continues to speak vaguely of „social-scientific“ relevance.
Government as Clients for Social Science Research / Regierung und Verwaltung als Klienten sozialwissenschaftlicher Forschung
Authors: Sharpe Laurence James 
Published: May 2016

Zusammenfassung
Sozialwissenschaftler stellen sich zunehmend die Frage, welchen Beitrag sie in Prozessen politischer Willensbildung leisten können. Einige - die Pessimisten - sind der Ansicht, daß sie diesbezüglich wenig Möglichkeiten haben; andere - die Optimisten - sind zuversichtlich, daß Einflußchancen langfristig gegeben sind.
Eine nähere Betrachtung zeigt, daß die Pessimisten den Tatsachen näher kommen: Die Agenten politischer Willensbildung erweisen sich gegenüber Informationen neuer Art vielfach als resistent und sind - mit Ausnahme der Wirtschaftler - nicht geneigt, Sozialwissenschaftler als ernstzunehmende professionelle Experten anzusehen. Sie suchen ihre Unterstützung bestenfalls zu vordergründigen, von der Sache abgehobenen Darstellungs- und Legitimationszwecken. Andererseits und zugleich hegen auch die Sozialwissenschaftler - besonders die Soziologen - ihre Vorbehalte, nicht zuletzt, weil sie das Staats- und politische Leben oft unter dem Vorzeichen elitistischer Theorien anvisieren. Dazu kommt, daß sie in Fällen, in denen sie im Zuge ihrer Forschungen auf das Geschehen tatsächlich Einfluß nehmen könnten, entscheidungsstimulierende und bündige Schlußfolgerungen, die die Politiker dann von ihnen fordern, nicht oder nur zögernd anbieten wollen.
Erfahrungen der letzten Zeit legen immerhin nahe, daß ungeachtet dieser Schwierigkeiten die Optimisten recht behalten könnten: Hochqualifizierte sozialwissenschaftliche Forschung, die die Gesellschaft bewußt auf ein neues Verständnis der Rolle des Staates hinzuorientieren vermag, dürfte am Ende in der Lage sein, den jetzt herrschenden Stil in der politischen Willensbildung zu verändern.
Offene und geschlossene Gesellschaften Überprüfung einer Hypothese im interkulturellen Vergleich: Melanesien und Polynesien / Open and Closed societies Examination of an hypothesis in intercultural comparison: Melanesia and Polynesia
Authors: Seibel Hans Dieber 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Using anthropological and archaeological data on Melanesia und Polynesia, the hypothesis is being tested that societies in relatively problematic environmental situations tend toward open role allocation (i. e. role creation and competitive incumbent selection by achieved criteria) while societies under relatively unproblematic conditions tend toward closed role allocation (i. e. normation by ascribed criteria) and frequently toward rigid stratificational hierarchies.
Von sozialer Schichtung zu sozialer Ungleichheit
Authors: Bolte Karl Martin 
Published: May 2016

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag informiert über Forschungsarbeiten in den Jahren 1952-1956, aus denen u. a. die Veröffentlichung „Sozialer Aufstieg und Abstieg. Eine Untersuchung über Berufsprestige und Berufsmobilität“ hervorgegangen ist. Es wird über Impulse und Weiterwirkungen berichtet, die von diesen Arbeiten bis in die Ungleichheitsforschung der Gegenwart ausstrahlen.
On the seasonal variations of reflectivity and turbulence characteristics of low‐latitude mesospheric echoes over Gadanki
Authors: Selvaraj D. , Patra A. K. , Narayana Rao D. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractGadanki radar observations of the low‐latitude mesospheric echoes studied earlier have shown that while both occurrence rate and signal‐to‐noise ratio of the mesospheric echoes peak in the equinoxes turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) dissipation rate and eddy diffusivity, estimated using spectral width of these echoes, peak in the summer. This seasonal difference is apparently inconsistent with the understanding that the mesospheric echoes are generated by turbulence. In this paper, we analyze Gadanki radar observations of mesospheric echoes made during 2011 and 2012 and study seasonal variations in reflectivity and TKE dissipation rate in an attempt to address the aforementioned puzzle. We show that both reflectivity and TKE dissipation rate in the mesosphere show semiannual variations peaking in the equinoxes, which are vastly different from those reported earlier. We also show that seasonal variations in reflectivity and TKE dissipation rate have a close correspondence with gravity wave activity. These results are found to be consistent with the gravity wave breaking hypothesis generating turbulence and radar echoes in the low‐latitude mesosphere.
Insights into the formation and dynamics of coignimbrite plumes from one‐dimensional models
Authors: Engwell S. L. , de' Michieli Vitturi M. , Esposti Ongaro T. , Neri A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractCoignimbrite plumes provide a common and effective mechanism by which large volumes of fine‐grained ash are injected into the atmosphere. Nevertheless, controls on formation of these plumes as a function of eruptive conditions are still poorly constrained. Herein, two 1‐D axysymmetric steady state models were coupled, the first describing the parent pyroclastic density current and the second describing plume rise. Global sensitivity analysis is applied to investigate controls on coignimbrite plume formation and describe coignimbrite source and the maximum plume height attained. For a range of initial mass flow rates between 108 and 1010 kg/s, modeled liftoff distance (the distance at which neutral buoyancy is attained), assuming radial supercritical flow, is controlled by the initial flow radius, gas mass fraction, flow thickness, and temperature. The predicted decrease in median grain size between flow initiation and plume liftoff is negligible. Calculated initial plume vertical velocities, assuming uniform liftoff velocity over the pyroclastic density current invasion area, are much greater (several tens of m/s) than those previously used in modeling coignimbrite plumes (1 m/s). Such velocities are inconsistent with the fine grain size of particles lofted into coignimbrite plumes, highlighting an unavailability of large clasts, possibly due to particle segregation within the flow, prior to plume formation. Source radius and initial vertical velocity have the largest effect on maximum plume height, closely followed by initial temperature. Modeled plume heights are between 25 and 47 km, comparable with Plinian eruption columns, highlighting the potential of such events for distributing fine‐grained ash over significant areas.
Design and Synthesis of a Calcium‐Sensitive Photocage
Authors: Heckman Laurel M. , Grimm Jonathan B. , Schreiter Eric R. , Kim Charles , Verdecia Mark A. , Shields Brenda C. , Lavis Luke D. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPhotolabile protecting groups (or “photocages”) enable precise spatiotemporal control of chemical functionality and facilitate advanced biological experiments. Extant photocages exhibit a simple input–output relationship, however, where application of light elicits a photochemical reaction irrespective of the environment. Herein, we refine and extend the concept of photolabile groups, synthesizing the first Ca2+‐sensitive photocage. This system functions as a chemical coincidence detector, releasing small molecules only in the presence of both light and elevated [Ca2+]. Caging a fluorophore with this ion‐sensitive moiety yields an “ion integrator” that permanently marks cells undergoing high Ca2+ flux during an illumination‐defined time period. Our general design concept demonstrates a new class of light‐sensitive material for cellular imaging, sensing, and targeted molecular delivery.
Effect of cenosphere surface treatment and blending method on the tensile properties of thermoplastic matrix syntactic foams
Authors: Bharath Kumar B. R. , Zeltmann Steven Eric , Doddamani Mrityunjay , Gupta Nikhil , Uzma  , Gurupadu S. , Sailaja R. R. N. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTThe influence of cenosphere surface treatment and blending method on the properties of injection molded high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) matrix syntactic foams is investigated. Cenospheres are treated with silane and HDPE is functionalized with dibutyl maleate. Tensile test specimens are cast with 20, 40, and 60 wt % of cenospheres using injection molding. Modulus and strength are found to increase with increasing cenosphere content for composites with treated constituents. Highest modulus and strength were observed for 40 and 60 wt % untreated mechanically mixed and treated brabender mixed cenospheres/HDPE blends, respectively. These values are 37 and 17% higher than those for virgin and functionalized HDPE. Theoretical models are used to assess the effect of particle properties and interfacial bonding on modulus and strength of syntactic foams. Brabender mixing method provided highest ultimate tensile and fracture strengths, which is attributed to the effectiveness of Brabender in breaking particle clusters and generating the higher particle–matrix surface area compared to that by mechanical mixing method. Theoretical trends show clear benefits of improved particle–matrix interfacial bonding in the strength results. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43881.
Some general conclusions on Fisher's fundamental theorem of natural selection
Authors: Frisman E. Ya. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPossible ways for making general conclusions on Fisher's fundamental theorem on natural selection are discussed in this paper for the following three cases. I. A partially isolated population connected by a two‐way migrant flow with the centre of the specific range. 2. A limited population, i.e. a population wherein the fitnesses of the genotypical groups depend on density. 3. An elementary biocoenosis comprising two competing polymorphic species, each of which is represented by a Mendelian one‐locus population. For all three cases, a function has been found that rises monotonously along the trajectory and plays the same role as the average fitness in Fisher's theorem.
The valuation of classification rates in stepwise discriminant analyses
Authors: Hecker R. , Wegener H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn increasing the number of variables in statistical analyses the probability of finding variables supporting the respective hypotheses by chance increases too. To study this effect on classification rates in stepwise linear discriminant analyses 3176 analyses and classifications were performed with random numbers and varying numbers of total available variable, of samples per group and of finally used variables. The resulting tables and regression formulas demonstrate in an impressive manner the possible danger of overrating the discrimination power of the finally used set of variables.
Supplementary critical values of the wilcoxon matched pair signed rank statistic
Authors: Likeš J. , Laga J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractCritical values Tα of the Wilcoxon matched pair signed rank statistic T and the probabilities Pr (T ≤ Tα|N) together with the values Tα + 1 and probabilities Pr(T ≤ Tα + 1|N) are tabulated for α =0.0001, 0.00025, 0.001 and N = 10(1)100.
Wellbeing of Professionals Working with Suspected Victims of Child Sexual Exploitation
Authors: Ahern Elizabeth C. , Sadler Leslie H. , Lamb Michael E. , Gariglietti Gianna M. 
Published: May 2016

The present study examined police officers' and social workers' experiences of investigating child sexual exploitation (CSE) cases and the impact on their welfare. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with frontline social workers and law enforcement professionals. Practitioners reported that they seldom reacted emotionally during forensic interviews because they were attending entirely to the victims while gathering evidence. Although some practitioners employed post‐interview stress management techniques, anticipatory coping strategies were seldom adopted, and most coping methods were employed outside of the workplace (e.g., spending time with family). Practitioners focused on the needs of young people, almost to the exclusion of their own. Many did not consider the negative emotional impact of CSE cases on their welfare. These findings have important implications for practitioner wellbeing. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.‘Examined police officers' and social workers' experiences of investigating child sexual exploitation (CSE) cases and the impact on their welfare’Key Practitioner Messages

Practitioners rarely considered the emotional effects that CSE cases might have on them or ways to psychologically prepare themselves before meeting with young people.
Practitioners reported a variety of ways they managed the impact of working with CSE which most often occurred outside of the workplace; a number of these ways could be actively promoted and developed within police forces and local authorities, especially preventative coping strategies.
‘Practitioners reported a variety of ways they managed the impact of working with CSE’
Initial Experience With the Pediatric Impella Device: A Feasibility Study in a Porcine Model
Authors: Webb Melissa K. , Wang Jian , Riegel Matthew S. , Guleserian Kristine J. , Forbess Joseph M. , Zellers Thomas M. , Dimas V. Vivian 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveThis study's objective was to evaluate insertion techniques and device fit of the pediatric version of the Impella ventricular assist device in swine which had similar sized carotids and left ventricles (LVs) as children weighing 10–20 kg.BackgroundOptions for minimally invasive circulatory support in children are limited. A modified device based on the current Impella 2.5 platform was created in an effort to provide minimally invasive circulatory support for children.MethodsAnimal studies (n = 10) were performed to determine technical feasibility of device implant via the right common carotid artery (RCCA) in swine with a carotid and LV size similar to children with a BSA < 1 m2 and weight 10‐20 kg. The RCCA diameter was measured on pre‐implant ultrasound and the LV length was measured at necropsy. The animals were supported for 4 hr and the device explanted. Blood samples and post‐explant necropsy was performed to evaluate for device related complications.ResultsAll animals underwent successful device insertion. Mean carotid artery diameter by ultrasound was 3.5 ± 0.3 mm. There was no LV or aortic/mitral valve damage with a minimum LV length of 5.4 cm.ConclusionsMinimally invasive circulatory support is needed in small children. Limitations are primarily related to vessel and chamber size. The Impella Pediatric catheter was safely and successfully implanted in carotid arteries similar in size to children weighing 10–20 kg with minimal complications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characteristics of Liquid Flow in Microchannels at very Low Reynolds Numbers
Authors: Zhang Xiwen , He Feng , Hao Pengfei , Gao Ye , Sun Liang , Wang Xiaoqi , Jin Xu 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe flow characteristics of deionized water and kerosene through smooth rectangular microchannels with varying hydraulic diameters are studied experimentally. Through the special design of the experimental setup, a wide range of measured average liquid velocities in microchannels is achieved, corresponding to broad‐ranging Reynolds numbers. The experimental data indicate that the pressure drop exhibits a linear relationship with the average velocity of the fluid in microchannels whose scales are larger than 2 μm. Moreover, the experimental Darcy friction factor is consistent with the classical laminar flow theory of a Newtonian fluid. Microscopic particle image velocimetry was applied to measure the velocity distribution inside the macrochannels. The experimental results agree well with the classical hydrodynamic theory.
ChemInform Abstract: Magic Angle Spinning NMR Studies of Silicon Carbide: Polytypes, Impurities, and Highly Inefficient Spin‐Lattice Relaxation.
Authors: HARTMAN J. S. , RICHARDSON M. F. , SHERRIFF B. L. , WINSBORROW B. G. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe 29Si and 13C MAS NMR spectra of 6H, 3C, and 15R polytypes of SiC are reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Influence of Process Variables on Microstructure and V‐I Characteristics of Multicomponent ZnO‐Based Nonlinear Resistors.
Authors: ASOKAN T. , IYENGAR G. N. K. , NAGABHUSHANA G. R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe effects of process variables such as calcination, initial particle size, and postsintering on the properties of a ZnO‐based composite containing additive oxides such as Nb2O5, Bi2O3, Sb2O3, CoO, MnO2, and Cr2O3 has been investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxygen Content of Superconducting Perovskites, La2‐xSrxCuOy and YBa2Cu3Oy.
Authors: APPELMAN E. H. , MORSS L. R. , KINI A. M. , GEISER U. , UMEZAWA A. , CRABTREE G. W. , CARLSON K. D. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA modified iodometric titration method that is believed to be an accurate and efficient procedure for measuring the Cu(III) content of Cu(II),Cu(III)‐containing superconducting oxides and, thus, the oxygen content, is developed and described.
ChemInform Abstract: In situ Laser Raman Determination of Electrochemical Reactions of Y2O3‐Stabilized ZrO2 and Molten Na2SO4.
Authors: WINDISCH C. F. JUN. , BATES J. L. , BOGET D. I. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn situ laser Raman spectroscopy has been used successfully to investigate reactions near the interface between a Y2O3‐stabilized ZrO2 (YSZ) electrode and molten sulfate.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of (S)‐(‐)‐2‐(Trifluoromethyl)‐3‐hydroxypropanoic Acid by Asymmetric Hydrolysis.
Authors: YAMAZAKI T. , MURATA K. , KITAZUME T. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractHydrolysis of the ester (I) by lipase‐My leads to the title compound (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Ring Proton‐Transfer Reaction via a Transient Hydrogen Bond Bridged Allyl Anion System on the Models of Cycloheptatrienes and Propene.
Authors: TAKAHASHI K. , SUZUKI T. , TODA H. , TAKASE K. , KOSEKI S. , NAKAJIMA T. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe cycloheptatriene derivatives (I) form the isomerization products (II) and (III) on treatment with a base via a direct 1,3‐proton shift.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidations with Cerium(IV) Sulfate: Intramolecular Cyclization of N‐Benzyl‐β‐amino Ketones Yielding 4‐Benzoyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinolines.
Authors: HOLZGRABE U. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe benzaldehydes (I) are reductively coupled with methylamine hydrochloride (II) to produce the N‐benzyl‐N‐methylamines (III) which react with the amino ketone (IV), yielding the tertiary amines (Vb) ‐ (Vd).
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses with Nitriles. Part 77. Synthesis and Structure Analysis of 4‐Amino‐5‐cyano‐1‐phenyl‐3‐pyridazinecarboxylates.
Authors: MITTELBACH M. , WAGNER U. , KRATKY C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractReaction of the butenoates (II) with the diazonium salt (I) yields the open‐chain adduct (III) which is cyclized to give the pyridazinecarboxylate (IVa).
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphorus Compounds with Unusual Coordination. Part 19. 1,2,4‐Diazaphospholes by (3 + 2) Cycloaddition of Diazo Compounds onto a Stable Phosphaalkyne.
Authors: ROESCH W. + , HEES U. , REGITZ M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe diazomethyl compounds (II) add regiospecifically onto the phosphaalkyne (I) to give the adducts (III) which isomerize by spontaneous H‐shift to the 1,2,4‐diazaphospholes (IV).