bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calibration of an electromagnetic induction sensor with time‐domain reflectometry data to monitor rootzone electrical conductivity under saline water irrigation
Authors: Coppola A. , Smettem K. , Ajeel A. , Saeed A. , Dragonetti G. , Comegna A. , Lamaddalena N. , Vacca A. 
Published: November 2016

Management of saline water irrigation at the field scale requires electrical conductivity to be monitored regularly in the generally shallow soil layer explored by plant roots. Non‐invasive electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensors might be valuable for evaluating large‐scale soil salinity. However, obtaining information on soil surface salinity from depth‐integrated EMI measurements requires either an inversion of the electromagnetic signal or an empirical calibration. We opted for an empirical calibration of an EM38 sensor, which requires a reference dataset of local bulk electrical conductivity, σb, for comparison with EMI readings for estimating regression coefficients. We used time‐domain reflectometry (TDR) to replace direct sampling for local σb measurements. With empirical approaches, the different soil volumes involved with the EMI and TDR sensors become problematic. We resolved this issue by analysing large EMI and TDR datasets recorded at several times along three transects irrigated with water at 1, 3 and 6 dS m−1 degrees of salinity. A Fourier filtering technique was applied to remove the high frequency part (at small spatial scales) of the variation in the original data, which was the main source of dissimilarity between the two datasets. Therefore, calibration focused on the lower frequency information only; that is, information at a spatial scale larger than the observation volume of the sensors. We show that information from the TDR observations derives from a combination of local and larger scale heterogeneities, and how it should be managed for calibration of the EMI sensor. Analysis enabled us to identify characteristics of the calibration data that should be included to improve prediction.HighlightsEMI and TDR sensors have different observation volumes and are not immediately comparable.
With Fourier filtering the different observation volumes were accounted for in calibration of the EMI data.
We improved the empirical calibration between EMI and TDR datasets.
We identified criteria to select data series for EMI sensor calibration.
Rare Earth Element Determination in Olivine by Laser Ablation‐Quadrupole‐ICP‐MS: An Analytical Strategy and Applications
Authors: Stead Clare V. , Tomlinson Emma L. , Kamber Balz S. , Babechuk Michael G. , McKenna Cora A. 
Published: November 2016

Olivine offers huge, largely untapped, potential for improving our understanding of magmatic and metasomatic processes. In particular, a wealth of information is contained in rare earth element (REE) mass fractions, which are well studied in other minerals. However, REE data for olivine are scarce, reflecting the difficulty associated with determining mass fractions in the low ng g−1 range and with controlling the effects of LREE contamination. We report an analytical procedure for measuring REEs in olivine using laser ablation quadrupole‐ICP‐MS that achieved limits of determination (LOD) at sub‐ng g−1 levels and biases of ~ 5–10%. Empirical partition coefficients (D values) calculated using the new olivine compositions agree with experimental values, indicating that the measured REEs are structurally bound in the olivine crystal lattice, rather than residing in micro‐inclusions. We conducted an initial survey of REE contents of olivine from mantle, metamorphic, magmatic and meteorite samples. REE mass fractions vary from 0.1 to double‐digit ng g−1 levels. Heavy REEs vary from low mass fractions in meteoritic samples, through variably enriched peridotitic olivine to high mass fractions in magmatic olivines, with fayalitic olivines showing the highest levels. The variable enrichment in HREEs demonstrates that olivine REE patterns have petrological utility.
The Decent Work Questionnaire: Development and validation in two samples of knowledge workers
Authors: FERRARO Tânia , PAIS Leonor , REBELO DOS SANTOS Nuno , MOREIRA João Manuel 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis research develops a Decent Work Questionnaire (DWQ) to measure workers’ perceptions of decent work. Current measurements of decent work are almost completely lacking at the individual worker level of analysis, and this study contributes to filling the gap. The authors designed their DWQ based on the substantive elements used by the ILO in its Decent Work Agenda, with the final 31‐item version of the DWQ yielding seven factors related to decent work. Showing good reliability coefficient values and good convergent and discriminant validity, this DWQ could open up new avenues for empirical studies on the concept of decent work.
Targeting myeloid differentiation protein 2 by the new chalcone L2H21 protects LPS‐induced acute lung injury
Authors: Zhang Yali , Xu Tingting , Wu Beibei , Chen Hongjin , Pan Zheer , Huang Yi , Mei Liqin , Dai Yuanrong , Liu Xing , Shan Xiaoou , Liang Guang 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAcute inflammatory diseases are the leading causes of mortality in intensive care units. Myeloid differentiation 2 (MD‐2) is required for recognizing lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4), and represents an attractive therapeutic target for LPS‐induced inflammatory diseases. In this study, we report a chalcone derivative, L2H21, as a new MD2 inhibitor, which could inhibit LPS‐induced inflammation both in vitro and in vivo. We identify that L2H21 as a direct inhibitor of MD‐2 by binding to Arg90 and Tyr102 residues in MD‐2 hydrophobic pocket using a series of biochemical experiments, including surface plasmon response, molecular docking and amino acid mutation. L2H21 dose dependently inhibited LPS‐induced inflammatory cytokine expression in primary macrophages. In mice with LPS intratracheal instillation, L2H21 significantly decreased LPS‐induced pulmonary oedema, pathological changes in lung tissue, protein concentration increase in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, inflammatory cells infiltration and inflammatory gene expression, accompanied with the decrease in pulmonary TLR4/MD‐2 complex. Meanwhile, administration with L2H21 protects mice from LPS‐induced mortality at a degree of 100%. Taken together, this study identifies a new MD2 inhibitor L2H21 as a promising candidate for the treatment of acute lung injury (ALI) and sepsis, and validates that inhibition of MD‐2 is a potential therapeutic strategy for ALI.
Understanding definitions of minimally verbal across instruments: evidence for subgroups within minimally verbal children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Bal Vanessa Hus , Katz Terry , Bishop Somer L. , Krasileva Kate 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundMinimally verbal (MV) children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are often assumed to be profoundly cognitively impaired and excluded from analyses due to challenges completing standardized testing protocols. A literature aimed at increasing understanding of this subgroup is emerging; however, the many methods used to define MV status make it difficult to compare studies. Understanding how different instruments and definitions used to identify MV children affect sample composition is critical to advance research on this understudied clinical population.MethodThe MV status of 1,470 school‐aged children was defined using five instruments commonly used in ASD research. MV sample composition was compared across instruments. Analyses examined the proportion of overlap across MV subgroups and the extent to which child characteristics varied across MV subgroups defined using different definitions or combinations of measures.ResultsA total of 257 children were classified as MV on at least one instrument. Proportion of overlap between definitions ranged from 3% to 100%. The stringency of definition (i.e. few‐to‐no vs. some words) was associated with differences in cognitive and adaptive functioning; more stringent definitions yielded greater consistency of MV status across instruments. Cognitive abilities ranged from profoundly impaired to average intelligence; 16% had NVIQ ≥ 70. Approximately half exhibited verbal skills commensurate with nonverbal cognitive ability, whereas half had verbal abilities significantly lower than their estimated NVIQ.ConclusionsFuture studies of MV children must carefully consider the methods used to identify their sample, acknowledging that definitions including children with ‘some words’ may yield larger samples with a wider range of language and cognitive abilities. Broadly defined MV samples may be particularly important to delineate factors interfering with language development in the subgroup of children whose expressive impairments are considerably below their estimated nonverbal cognitive abilities.
Commentary: The course of depression after childhood parental death – a reflection on Berg et al. (2016)
Authors: Melhem Nadine M. , Brent David 
Published: November 2016

Berg et al.'s study highlights the long‐lasting impact of childhood parental death on depression in adulthood in the absence of early preventive and intervention efforts. Given the long‐term effects of childhood parental death, it seems that the most propitious time to intervene is early on after the death. Several prevention and intervention approaches have been shown to reduce the incidence of depression and to ameliorate its course and thus could be potential approaches to intervene with parentally bereaved children. Future longitudinal studies focused on children and adolescents are also needed to examine the biological pathways that set the stage for increased vulnerability across the life span following childhood parental death and adversity in order to inform novel targets for interventions.
Editorial: Boredom and developmental psychopathology
Authors: Stringaris Argyris 
Published: November 2016

Adolescent disruptive behaviours have been the focus of scientific study for decades. However, this work has often ignored the experiences that provide the setting for those behaviours and the states of mind that precede them. These have largely remained the concern of novelists and philosophers. Here I discuss the various reasons why boredom and its associated features should be at the forefront of future research in psychopathology.
Medullary bone in fossils: function, evolution and significance in growth curve reconstructions of extinct vertebrates
Authors: Prondvai E. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractMedullary bone (MB) is a special endosteal tissue forming in the bones of female birds during egg laying to serve as a labile calcium reservoir for building the hard eggshell. Therefore, the presence of MB reported in multiple nonavian dinosaurs is currently considered as evidence that those specimens were sexually mature females in their reproductive period. This interpretation has led to further inferences on species‐specific growth strategies and related life‐history aspects of these extinct vertebrates. However, a few studies questioned the reproductive significance of fossil MB by either regarding the tissue pathological or attributing alternative functions to it. This study reviews the general inferences on extinct vertebrates and discusses the primary role, distribution, regulation and adaptive significance of avian MB to point out important but largely overlooked uncertainties and inconsistencies in this matter. Emerging discordancy is demonstrated when the presence of MB vs. trade‐off between growth and reproduction is used for interpreting dinosaurian growth curves. Synthesis of these data suggests that fossil MB was related to high calcium turnover rates but not exclusively to egg laying. Furthermore, revised application ofAllosaurusgrowth data by modelling individual‐based growth curves implies a much higher intraspecific variability in growth strategies, including timing of sexual maturation, than usually acknowledged. New hypotheses raised here to resolve these incongruences also propose new directions of research on the origin and functional evolution of this curious bone tissue.
Bacterial inactivation of liquid food and water using high‐intensity alternate electric field
Authors: Peng Peng , Cheng Yanling , Song Hao , Zhang Tingting , Deng Shaobo , Anderson Erik , Addy Min , Zhu Xindi , Liu Shiyu , Hatzenbeller Raymond , Li Yun , Lin Xiangyang , Liu Yuhuan , Huang Xiangzhong , Chen Paul , Ruan Roger 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBacteria contaminated liquid food and water, along with the harmful byproducts from chemical disinfection methods, raise concerns to the public health. This article investigated the inactivation of bacteria in liquid food and water using the pilot‐scale concentrated high intensity electric field (CHIEF) system. By generating a strong alternate electric field in a small region of the reactor, the pilot CHIEF system was able to inactivate microbes at a continuous operation. Compared with other disinfection methods, the CHIEF system used relatively less energy density to decontaminate and required a shorter treatment time. The mildest energy density required was 500 kJ/L to obtain a 5‐log reduction for Escherichia coli, at the minimum treatment time of 4.7 ms. An electric field analysis was performed using both an equivalent‐circuit model and numerical simulation. A logarithm function model and a Weibull model were used to describe the effects of energy density and treatment time on the disinfection effectiveness of the CHIEF system. The CHIEF system was compared with other water disinfection methods in multiple aspects, such as treatment time and energy consumption.Practical applicationsThe concentrated high intensity electric field (CHIEF) process presented in this study is a continuous process that can be used to decontaminate liquid food or water. The process operates under non‐thermal conditions, which protects the nutrient and flavor of the food. The process uses alternate electric supply at a relatively low voltage (≤ 10 kV) and frequency (60 Hz). The reactor design and material selection enable a strong electric field to form within the treatment region, allowing the inactivation of microbes without using the pulsed energy. As a result, the process can achieve effective decontamination under a relatively short treatment time (4.7 ms) and moderate energy cost (500 kJ/L). Since the process eliminates the use of pulse generators, it requires less capital investment and has more scale‐up potentials.
Effect of steeping time and temperature on malting process
Authors: Montanuci Flávia Daiana , Ribani Marcelo , de Matos Jorge Luiz Mario , Matos Jorge Regina Maria 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hydration time and temperature on the malting process in terms of β‐glucan degradation and α‐ and β‐amylase enzymes development. During the hydration and germination processes, the germination energy of the rates of degradation and formation of β‐glucans and the content of α‐ and β‐amylases were analyzed. Malt was subjected to quantification of protein, sugar, water absorption and solubility rates, antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds, according to the AOAC method. Levels of β‐glucan decreased with increasing temperature and hydration time. Levels of α‐ and β‐amylases increased from approximately 1.50 to 5.37 and 1.44 to 3.52 Units/hr, respectively. There were significant differences for water absorption rate and protein content between cultivars. The solubility rate increased along the hydration time and temperature. Grains subjected to hydration conditions of 10 °C for 24 hr and 20 °C for 12 hr contained higher total sugar than the other samples. The main component analysis revealed that these samples were the most correlated with the attributes of sugars, β‐ glucan and α‐ and β‐amylases. Therefore, these conditions are the best treatments to produce malt.Practical applicationsThis paper has practical Application to study degradation of β‐glucan and the development and activation of the enzymes α‐ and β‐amylase during the malting process. Optimize the operational variables for obtaining the malt and verity the influence of time and hydration temperature at the enzymes development and the final characteristic of the malt.
The effectiveness of therapeutic conversation intervention for caregivers of adolescents with ADHD: a quasi‐experimental design
Authors: Gisladottir M. , Svavarsdottir E. K. 
Published: November 2016

Accessible summaryWhat is known on the subject?

Caregivers of adolescents with ADHD experience major difficulties as care providers and are in need of guidance and support.

Adolescents with ADHD may develop oppositional and criminal behaviour. More than 50 % have the symptoms in adulthood, and up to one‐fourth with severe emotional or antisocial difficulties.

There is a lack of evidence of caregivers′ supporting intervention although caregiver groups have been found to contribute to better coping, decreased stress and improvements in ADHD symptoms.

What does this paper add to existing knowledge?

Primary caregivers of adolescents with ADHD experienced better quality of life after the Therapeutic Conversation Intervention.

The intervention contributed to better social functioning among secondary caregivers.

What are the implications for practice?

The content of the Therapeutic Conversation Intervention is significant and highlights the utility of a combination of group and private sessions for caregivers of people with ADHD.

The intervention can influence how services for families are organized, such that a Therapeutic Conversation Intervention could be offered on a regular basis.

AbstractIntroductionCaregivers of adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder are burdened with tasks and many suffer from distress. Adolescents with ADHD may develop antisocial behaviour and caregiver′s group can empower caregiver's supporting role.Aim/QuestionTo evaluate the effectiveness of a Therapeutic Conversation Intervention on caregivers of adolescents with ADHD regarding strengthening the supportive role.MethodThe study utilized a quasi‐experimental design. The participants (n = 60) were caregivers of adolescents (13–17 years old) with ADHD. The intervention consisted in‐group and parent sessions. The Calgary Family Model and the Family Illness Beliefs Model were used as theoretical frameworks.ResultsThe study revealed significant differences in the improvement of quality of life; regarding primary caregiver (PC) worry, daily activities, family relationships and collaboration post‐intervention, as well emotional functioning at both post‐intervention and follow‐up. Secondary caregiver (SC) social functioning was significantly improved at follow‐up.DiscussionThe intervention proved to be beneficial to the caregivers and is filling a gap in much needed intervention.Implication for practiceThe results will expand health care professionals’ knowledge of how to increase PC quality of life when supporting their adolescent with ADHD. This treatment information should improve service at health care centres/hospitals where adolescents with ADHD receive care.
Caecal microbiota of chickens fed diets containing propolis
Authors: Eyng C. , Murakami A. E. , Pedroso A. A. , Duarte C. R. A. , Picoli K. P. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryThe present study aimed to evaluate the effect of different levels of ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) and raw propolis (RP) on broiler performance and on selected bacterial groups in caecal microbiota using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) measured by fluorescent activated cell sorting. Two experiments were conducted with 120 male chicks from 1 to 21 days of age for each, raised in cages and distributed in a completely randomized experimental design; there were five replicates with four birds per experimental unit and six treatments for each experiment (trial 1 – EEP – 0, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 and 5000 ppm and trial 2 – RP – 0, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 ppm). Fluorescent probes were used against the bacterial groups in caecal samples collected at 21 days of age. The data were subjected to one‐way anova followed by Tukey's and regression analyses were used to assess the relationship between dietary levels of EEP or RP on performance and intestinal microbiota (p < 0.05). In the trial 1, results showed that the EEP did not cause any significant (p > 0.05) modification in the performance and caecal microbiota. In the trial 2, RP inclusion did not affect the performance but changed the bacterial composition (p < 0.05). Clostridiaceae, Gammaproteobacteria excluding Enterobacteriaceae and Lactobacillus spp. showed a quadratic response (p < 0.05), with the lowest value predicted to occur at 240 ppm, 221 ppm and 213 ppm of RP respectively. The proportion of Bacteroidaceae and Gammaproteobacteria did not differ (p > 0.05) among the experimental groups. The inclusion of ethanolic extract of propolis did not affect the performance and intestinal microbiota, whereas the supplementation of raw propolis modulates the caecal microbiota composition without any effects on chicken performance.
From One Testament to the Other
Authors: Aspray Barnabas 
Published: November 2016

Translation of Paul Ricoeur, “D'un testament à l'autre”Translator's Preface: This essay, part of the section “Essais d'herméneutique biblique” in Ricoeur's Lectures 3: aux frontières de la philosophie, is one example of the later Ricoeur's increasing willingness to let theology and philosophy speak to each other. I would like to draw readers’ attention to two moves made here by Ricoeur: (1) the way in which his philosophical hermeneutics opens the way for a biblical ontology rooted in Exodus 3:14, and (2) the way his theory of metaphor reveals the same implied ontology behind 1 John 4:8.
Cation‐ and Anion‐Substituted Potassium Manganese Phosphate, KMnP3O9: Luminescence and Photocatalytic Studies
Authors: Chandiri Sudhakar Reddy , Gundeboina Ravi , Kurra Sreenu , Guje Ravinder , Maligi Malathi , Muga Vithal 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPhosphates as multifunctional materials were of vital importance in the environmental and energy fields. In the present work, a new cyclophosphate, potassium manganese phosphate (KMnP3O9) (hereafter KMPO), was prepared by solid state method. Cations (Ag+ and Cu2+) and anion (N3−) were substituted into KMPO lattice via ion‐exchange and solid state methods, respectively. The as‐prepared materials were characterized by powder X–ray diffraction, SEM–EDS and UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectra. Rietveld refinement was carried out for parent material. All the prepared materials were found to crystallize in the hexagonal lattice and isomorphous with KCoP3O9. The nitrogen content in N3−‐substituted KMPO was estimated by EDS and O‐N‐H analysis. The bandgap energy of the cation‐ and anion‐substituted samples was lower compared to that of pristine KMPO. Gouy method was employed to determine the magnetic susceptibility of KMPO. The photoluminescence property of Mn2+ in all the samples was studied, and the color coordinates were calculated using CIE 1931 chromaticity. The photocatalytic activity of visible light active material, N3−‐substituted KMPO, was examined against the degradation of methylene blue and methyl violet at ambient conditions.