bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of MEF2 transcription factors in dehydration and anoxia survival inRana sylvaticaskeletal muscle
Authors: Hoyeck Myriam P. , Hadj-Moussa Hanane , Storey Kenneth B. 
Published: November 2017

The wood frog (Rana sylvatica) can endure freezing of up to 65% of total body water during winter. When frozen, wood frogs enter a dormant state characterized by a cessation of vital functions (i.e., no heartbeat, blood circulation, breathing, brain activity, or movement). Wood frogs utilize various behavioural and biochemical adaptations to survive extreme freezing and component anoxia and dehydration stresses, including a global suppression of metabolic functions and gene expression. The stress-responsive myocyte enhancer factor-2 (MEF2) transcription factor family regulates the selective expression of genes involved in glucose transport, protein quality control, and phosphagen homeostasis. This study examined the role of MEF2A and MEF2C proteins as well as select downstream targets (glucose transporter-4, calreticulin, and muscle and brain creatine kinase isozymes) in 40% dehydration and 24 h anoxia exposure at the transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels using qRT-PCR, immunoblotting, and subcellular localization.Mef2a/ctranscript levels remained constant during dehydration and anoxia. Total, cytoplasmic, and nuclear MEF2A/C and phospho-MEF2A/C protein levels remained constant during dehydration, whereas a decrease in total MEF2C levels was observed during rehydration. Total and phospho-MEF2A levels remained constant during anoxia, whereas total MEF2C levels decreased during 24 h anoxia and P-MEF2C levels increased during 4 h anoxia. In contrast, cytoplasmic MEF2A levels and nuclear phospho-MEF2A/C levels were upregulated during anoxia. MEF2 downstream targets remained constant during dehydration and anoxia, with the exception ofglut4which was upregulated during anoxia. These results suggest that the upregulated MEF2 response reported in wood frogs during freezing may in part stem from their cellular responses to surviving prolonged anoxia, rather than dehydration, leading to an increase in GLUT4 expression which may have an important role during anoxia survival.
Association of High Anti–Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide Seropositivity and Lean Mass Index With Low Bone Mineral Density in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Wysham Katherine D. , Shoback Dolores M. , Imboden John B. , Katz Patricia P. 
Published: November 2017

ObjectiveOsteoporotic fractures are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Persons with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have twice the risk of osteoporosis‐related fracture than age‐matched controls, the causes for which remain unknown. We investigated contributions of RA characteristics, medication use, and body composition to low bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with RA.MethodsData were from the Arthritis, Body Composition, and Disability Study (n = 138; 82 women, 56 men). Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and functional variables were collected at study visits. Body composition (fat, lean muscle, and BMD) was measured by dual x‐ray absorptiometry. Linear regression analyses evaluated the association between predictors and femoral neck BMD.ResultsAverage disease duration was 19 years, 70% of patients were rheumatoid factor positive, and 55% were high‐positive anti–cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti‐CCP). Age and high anti‐CCP positivity were negatively associated with BMD after controlling for other variables (β = −0.003 and −0.055, respectively, P < 0.05). Appendicular lean mass index (ALMI) was positively associated with BMD (β = 0.053, P < 0.0001). In high anti‐CCP positivity participants, increasing anti‐CCP levels were associated with a negative linear trend in BMD (β = −0.011, P = 0.026).ConclusionHigh anti‐CCP positivity and ALMI were strongly associated with BMD in patients with RA. The linear relationship of anti‐CCP levels with lower BMD supports the hypothesis that processes specific to RA negatively impact BMD. In contrast, ALMI was positively associated with BMD, emphasizing the importance of this potentially modifiable risk factor. Our findings highlight the complicated interplay of RA disease‐specific and functional factors and their impact on bone mass.
r/K‐like trade‐off and voltinism discreteness: The implication to allochronic speciation in the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea complex (Arctiidae)
Authors: Yang Fan , Kawabata Eriko , Tufail Muhammad , Brown John J. , Takeda Makio 
Published: November 2017

AbstractNorth America has distinct types of Hyphantria moths (Arctiidae) characterized by red (RD)‐ and black (BL)‐headed larvae, of which the taxonomic status is unresolved. Genetic divergence of 26 populations, based on 710 bp of the mtCOI sequence, showed two phylogenetic lineages, which could not be connected in the haplotype network with 95% confidence. The two lineages are separated by 3.1% sequence divergence and should be considered for full species status. The estimated split occurred 1.2–1.6 million years ago. The range of the RD type covered most of the continent, whereas that of the BL type was limited to eastern deciduous forests. Several biological characteristics were differentiated in the zone of cohabitation where BL had more annual generations than RD. Spring emergence of BL precedes that of RD in the field by at least 1 month, because the diapause in BL was shallow, whereas it was deep in RD. Voltinism requires discreteness of numbers, which functions as a sink of hybrids between the two parental lines that have distinct but equally adaptive reproductive strategies; BL may be more r‐strategist‐like and RD more K‐strategist‐like, because fast‐developing BL has multivoltine life cycle, investing less silk proteins as the round‐the‐clock feeder, and slow‐developing RD univoltine one investing more silk as the nocturnal feeder. Also, intensity of diapause, deep in RD and weak in BL, was grossly different, which may enforce segregation of spring adults. Allochronic speciation avoiding coincidental occurrence of adult stages is therefore the most likely scenario. Because the adults never meet in nature, large morphological differentiation is not required.
Numerous mitochondrial DNA haplotypes reveal multiple independent polyploidy origins of hexaploids in Carassius species complex
Authors: Liu Xiao‐Li , Li Xi‐Yin , Jiang Fang‐Fang , Wang Zhong‐Wei , Li Zhi , Zhang Xiao‐Juan , Zhou Li , Gui Jian‐Fang 
Published: November 2017

AbstractEvolutionary trajectory and occurrence history of polyploidy have been extensively studied in plants, but they remain quite elusive in vertebrates. Here, we sampled and gathered 4,159 specimens of polyploid Carassius species complex including 1,336 tetraploids and 2,823 hexaploids from a large geographic scale (49 localities) across East Asia, and identified a huge number of 427 diverse haplotypes of mitochondrial control region, in which 74 haplotypes with total occurrence frequency up to 75.498% were shared by hexaploids and tetraploids. Significantly, these diverse haplotypes were clustered into four major lineages, and many haplotypes of hexaploids and tetraploids were intermixed in every lineage. Moreover, the evolutionary trajectory and occurrence history of four different lineages were revealed by a simplified time‐calibrated phylogenetic tree, and their geographic distribution frequencies and haplotype diversity were also analyzed. Furthermore, lineage C and D were revealed to undergo population expansion throughout mainland China. Therefore, our current data indicate that hexaploids should undergo multiple independent polyploidy origins from sympatric tetraploids in the polyploid Carassius species complex across East Asia.
Chronic disease in the Mojave desert tortoise: Host physiology and recrudescence obscure patterns of pathogen transmission
Authors: Sandmeier Franziska C. , Maloney K. Nichole , Tracy C. Richard , Hyde David , Mohammadpour Hamid , Marlow Ron , DuPré Sally , Hunter Kenneth 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA seminatural, factorial‐design experiment was used to quantify dynamics of the pathogen Mycoplasma agassizii and upper respiratory tract disease in the Mojave desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) over 2 years. Groups of initially healthy animals were separated into serologically positive (seropositive), seronegative, and artificially infected groups and paired into 23 pens. We found no evidence of long‐term immune protection to M. agassizii or of immunological memory. Initially seronegative, healthy tortoises experienced an equal amount of disease when paired with other seronegative groups as when paired with seropositive and artificially infected groups—suggesting that recrudescence is as significant as transmission in introducing disease in individuals in this host–pathogen system. Artificially infected groups of tortoises showed reduced levels of morbidity when paired with initially seronegative animals—suggesting either a dilution effect or a strong effect of pathogen load in this system. Physiological dynamics within the host appear to be instrumental in producing morbidity, recrudescence, and infectiousness, and thus of population‐level dynamics. We suggest new avenues for studying diseases in long‐lived ectothermic vertebrates and a shift in modeling such diseases.
The research gap in chronic paediatric pain: A systematic review of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Boulkedid R. , Abdou A.Y. , Desselas E. , Monégat M. , de Leeuw T.G. , Avez‐Couturier J. , Dugue S. , Mareau C. , Charron B. , Alberti C. , Kaguelidou F. ,   the GAPP Consortium
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveChronic pain is associated with significant functional and social impairment. The objective of this review was to assess the characteristics and quality of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating pain management interventions in children and adolescents with chronic pain.MethodsWe performed a systematic search of PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library up to July 2017. We included RCTs that involved children and adolescents (3 months‐18 years) and evaluated the use of pharmacological or non‐pharmacological intervention(s) in the context of pain persisting or re‐occurring for more than 3 months. Methodological quality was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias (ROB) Tool.ResultsA total of 58 RCTs were identified and numbers steadily increased over time. The majority were conducted in single hospital institutions, with no information on study funding. Median sample size was 47.5 participants (Q1,Q3: 32, 70). Forty‐five percent of RCTs included both adults and children and the median of the mean ages at inclusion was 12.9 years (Q1,Q3: 11, 15). Testing of non‐pharmacological interventions was predominant and only 5 RCTs evaluated analgesics or co‐analgesics. Abdominal pain, headache/migraine and musculoskeletal pain were the most common types of chronic pain among participants. Methodological quality was poor with 90% of RCTs presenting a high or unclear ROB.ConclusionsEvaluation of analgesics targeting chronic pain relief in children and adolescents through RCTs is marginal. Infants and children with long‐lasting painful conditions are insufficiently represented in RCTs. We discuss possible research constraints and challenges as well as methodologies to circumvent them.SignificanceThere is a substantial research gap regarding analgesic interventions for children and adolescents with chronic pain. Most clinical trials in the field focus on the evaluation of non‐pharmacological interventions and are of low methodological quality. There is also a specific lack of trials involving infants and children and adolescents with long‐lasting diseases.
Behaviour of lockbolts in slip‐resistant connections for steel structures
Authors: Ebert Andreas , Dörre Maik , Glienke Ralf 
Published: November 2017

AbstractHV bolts are often used for safe and durable connections in steel structures. However, this well‐known and established bolting system has some disadvantages. Those include the scattering of the initial preload by the torque‐controlled tightening method and the risk of self‐loosening during fatigue loads due to lateral displacement of the components in connections with high loads. In this respect, the lockbolt technology has some advantages regarding the initial preload and loss of preload; both will be discussed in detail in this paper. The technology was invented in the 1940s and is mainly used in automotive, aviation, truck, trailer, rail, bus, agriculture, mining and military applications. Its use in structural steelwork, and especially for slip‐resistant connections, has been mainly made possible through individual experimental investigations by users of the technology. Some applications call for its use in slip‐resistant connections according to EN 1090‐2 and Eurocode 3, e.g. the wind industry for new tower concepts with higher hub heights, and steel girder bridges. These connections can be subjected to fatigue and/or significant load reversal. The load‐bearing capacity (or slip resistance) of a slip‐resistant connection is mainly determined by the level of preload in the bolt and the coating system applied to the faying surfaces. However, the preload is determined by the type of bolt, and lockbolts can be used as an alternative bolting system. This paper describes a comparative study of HV bolts and lockbolts regarding their use in slip‐resistant connections for steel structures. The design and execution of lockbolts will be presented. Investigations will be presented which compare HV bolts and lockbolts regarding the assembly preload, the slip resistance by performing slip load tests and the long‐term behaviour with respect to loss of preload for maintenance‐free connections. Furthermore, there is a discussion of the results of an online monitoring system for measuring the preload in HV bolts and Bobtail lockbolts in an alternative tower for wind turbines with the use of slip‐resistant connections.
An update of the Worldwide Integrated Assessment (WIA) on systemic insecticides. Part 1: new molecules, metabolism, fate, and transport
Authors: Giorio Chiara , Safer Anton , Sánchez-Bayo Francisco , Tapparo Andrea , Lentola Andrea , Girolami Vincenzo , van Lexmond Maarten Bijleveld , Bonmatin Jean-Marc 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWith the exponential number of published data on neonicotinoids and fipronil during the last decade, an updated review of literature has been conducted in three parts. The present part focuses on gaps of knowledge that have been addressed after publication of the Worldwide Integrated Assessment (WIA) on systemic insecticides in 2015. More specifically, new data on the mode of action and metabolism of neonicotinoids and fipronil, and their toxicity to invertebrates and vertebrates, were obtained. We included the newly detected synergistic effects and/or interactions of these systemic insecticides with other insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, adjuvants, honeybee viruses, and parasites of honeybees. New studies have also investigated the contamination of all environmental compartments (air and dust, soil, water, sediments, and plants) as well as bees and apicultural products, food and beverages, and the exposure of invertebrates and vertebrates to such contaminants. Finally, we review new publications on remediation of neonicotinoids and fipronil, especially in water systems. Conclusions of the previous WIA in 2015 are reinforced; neonicotinoids and fipronil represent a major threat worldwide for biodiversity, ecosystems, and all the services the latter provide.
Body image and peer relationships: Unique associations of adolescents' social status and competence with peer‐ and self‐reported appearance victimization
Authors: Zimmer‐Gembeck Melanie J. , Webb Haley J. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTAdolescents were asked to nominate peers who experience appearance‐related victimization or engage in appearance‐related aggression, in order to examine the peer social status and competency correlates of receiving more nominations. Moreover, the correlates of peer‐report vs. self‐report appearance‐related victimization were considered. Participants were 371 young Australian adolescents (55% girls, Mage = 12.0 years) who completed surveys. Results showed that victimized adolescents were rated as less liked, prosocial, popular and good‐looking, and perceived themselves to be less attractive, less competent at sport and more teased by peers about appearance. Aggressive adolescents were rated as more popular and better looking, but also less prosocial. Aggressive adolescents also perceived themselves to be less academically but more romantically competent, and reported more appearance anxiety symptoms. Findings from peer‐report measures generally support previous research findings using self‐report measures, but the significant correlates did appear to differ between peer‐ and self‐report of appearance victimization.
Sexting as the mirror on the wall: Body‐esteem attribution, media models, and objectified‐body consciousness
Authors: Bianchi Dora , Morelli Mara , Baiocco Roberto , Chirumbolo Antonio 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTSexting motivations during adolescence are related to developmental dimensions—such as sexual identity and body‐image development—or harmful intentions—such as aggression among peers and partners. Sociocultural and media models can affect explorations of sexuality and redefinitions of body image, which in turn are related to sexting behaviors and motivations. In this study, we investigated the roles of body‐esteem attribution, the internalization of media models, and body objectification as predictors of three sexting motivations: sexual purposes, body‐image reinforcement, and instrumental/aggravated reasons. The participants were 190 Italian adolescents aged from 13 to 20 years old (Mage = 17.4, SDage = 1.8; 44.7% females). Sexual purposes were predicted by body‐esteem attribution and body objectification; body‐image reinforcement was predicted by the internalization of media models, and instrumental/aggravated reasons were not predicted by any variable. Thus, only sexual purposes and body‐image reinforcement appeared to be affected by body‐image concerns due to media models.
Bullying among immigrant and non‐immigrant early adolescents: School‐ and student‐level effects
Authors: Vitoroulis Irene , Georgiades Katholiki 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTWe examined the association between school immigrant concentration and bullying among immigrant and non‐immigrant early adolescents, and identified potential explanatory factors. First generation immigrant students had reduced odds of victimization and perpetration in schools with high (20–60%), compared to low, levels of immigrant concentration. Second generation immigrant students had reduced odds of ethnic/racial victimization in moderately concentrated schools; while non‐immigrants had increased odds in the same schools. Non‐white students had increased odds of ethnic/racial victimization compared to White students. While students' sense of school belonging and perceived teacher cultural sensitivity were negatively associated with bullying, they did not account for the differential associations noted above. Results demonstrate the importance of immigrant density as a protective school characteristic for immigrant and ethnic minority youth. Additional social processes operating in schools that may explain bullying behaviors among immigrant and non‐immigrant youth should be explored to inform programs for promoting inclusion in schools.
High and low use of electronic media during nighttime before going to sleep: A comparative study between adolescents attending a morning or afternoon school shift
Authors: Arrona‐Palacios Arturo 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTThis study compared the effects of time spent on electronic media devices during nighttime before going to sleep on the sleep‐wake cycle, daytime sleepiness, and chronotype in 568 Mexican students (288 girls, mean age = 14.08) attending a double school shift system (287 from morning shift and 281 from afternoon shift). Students completed anonymous self‐report questionnaires. Results suggest that high exposure to an electronic media device may have an impact on their sleep‐wake cycle, regardless of their school shift. Adolescents from the afternoon shift reported more time spent on devices. Those from the morning shift reported daytime sleepiness with the use of MP3 player, and from the afternoon shift with the use of computer, MP3 player, and television. Both school shifts reported an intermediate chronotype with all electronic media devices, but the afternoon shift with a tendency towards eveningness with the use of the computer, smartphone, and MP3 player.
Inventors’ explorations across technology domains
Authors: Alstott Jeff , Triulzi Giorgio , Yan Bowen , Luo Jianxi 
Published: November 2017

Technologies are created through the collective efforts of individual inventors. Understanding inventors’ behaviors may thus enable predicting invention, guiding design efforts or improving technology policy. We examined data from 2.8 million inventors’ 3.9 million patents and found that most patents are created by ‘explorers’: inventors who move between different technology domains during their careers. We mapped the space of latent relatedness between technology domains and found explorers were 250 times more likely to enter technology domains that were highly related to the domains of their previous patents, compared to an unrelated domain. The great regularity of inventors’ behavior enabled accurate prediction of individual inventors’ future movements: a model trained on just 5 years of data predicted inventors’ explorations 30 years later with a log-loss below 0.01. Inventors entering their most related domains were associated with patenting up to 40% more in the new domain, but with reduced citations per patent. These findings may be instructive for inventors exploring design directions, and useful for organizations or governments in forecasting or directing technological change.
Breadth over depth in the semantic representations of adults with nonverbal learning disabilities
Authors: STOTHERS MARGOT ELIZABETH 
Published: November 2017

abstractOral language in individuals with nonverbal learning disabilities (NLD) has been described as empty of meaning, despite apparently average word knowledge. The present study explored the hypothesis that depth but not breadth of semantic representations would be reduced in NLD, and that depth but not breadth would be related to nonverbal gestalt perception. A cross-sectional design compared breadth and depth of vocabulary in 50 adults with or without a diagnosis of NLD. Vocabulary results were also compared with a visual closure test. Participants with NLD had reduced vocabulary depth in comparison with controls. The NLD group also had lower scores for gestalt perception, the ability to perceive a meaningful whole from unrelated parts. Across the sample, this measure predicted scores for vocabulary depth, but not breadth. The NLD group was also less able than the Control group to estimate the size of unknown, physical features of everyday objects. Results supported clinical observations that semantic representations are unconventional and imprecise in individuals with NLD, and suggested specific cognitive underpinnings for such difficulties. Results were also compatible with separate theories of embodied and lateralized semantics. A proposal uniting these theories in a designation over elaboration model is presented.