bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digitisation and display of intra-oral films
Authors: Attaelmanan A , Borg E , Gröndahl H G 
Published: October 2024

AIM
To determine the optimal parameters for the digitisation and display of intra-oral radiographs.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Six intra-oral radiographs (EP size 2 dental film, Eastman Kodak Co., Rochester, NY, USA) were digitised using an Arcus II image scanner (Agfa-Gevaert N. V., Mortsel, Belgium). Each film was digitised at 8 bits, with and without a film mask, using three scanner resolutions (200, 400 and 600 p.p.i.), resulting in six versions of each radiograph. Seven experienced observers were asked to evaluate the quality of the resulting images as they were displayed on a Nokia 445Xi monitor (Nokia Display Products, Helsinki, Finland). Monitor settings were varied by changing the colour palette and screen resolution.

RESULTS
Digital images of masked films had a statistically significant (t-test with alpha 2 tail &lt; or = 0.05) higher quality than those scanned without a mask. The best image quality was obtained at a resolution of 400 p.p.i. Display options were optimum with 256 colours and a screen size of 1152 x 864 pixels.

CONCLUSIONS
Better results were obtained when intra-oral radiographs were digitised with a mask at a resolution of 200 or 400 p.p.i. and displayed using 256 colours and the largest screen size possible. Further studies are needed to extend these results to other makes and models of scanner and monitor.
The adherence to guidelines for facial radiography in an Accident & Emergency Department
Authors: Webster K , Malins T J 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the degree of adherence to guidelines for facial radiography.

METHODS
A retrospective review of 1538 facial radiographs from a consecutive series of 414 patients attending the Accident & Emergency Department of the North Staffordshire Hospital with suspected facial injuries over a 6 month period was undertaken. Information on age, sex and aetiology of injury was recorded along with the type of view and total number of films taken. The results were compared with guidelines from the Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery.

RESULTS
Almost one-half of all injuries were due to assault. There was general adherence to the guidelines in terms of the number of films taken for mid-face and mandibular fractures.

CONCLUSIONS
There was a good adherence to the guidelines in terms of the number of films taken for midface and mandibular fractures. However, a small number of patients were still being exposed to a high radiation dose where combinations of skull and facial views were taken. Guidelines need to be subjected to regular audit.
Three-dimensional morphology of the masseter muscle in patients with mandibular prognathism
Authors: Ariji Y , Kawamata A , Yoshida K , Sakuma S , Nawa H , Fujishita M , Ariji E 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE
To compare the morphology of the masseter muscle in patients with mandibular prognathism with that of normal subjects.

METHODS
Three-dimensional X-ray computed tomography (CT) was performed on 69 patients with mandibular prognathism and compared with 91 normal subjects. The angle of the muscle direction in relation to the Frankfurt horizontal plane and the area and the ratio of length of the short to long axes (s/l ratio) on the section perpendicular to the muscle direction were measured.

RESULTS
The mean angle, area and s/l ratio in patients with mandibular prognathism was 76.6 degrees (s.d. 4.4 degrees), 318.3 mm2 (s.d. 77.2 mm2) and 0.312 (s.d. 0.049), respectively. Those of the normal subjects were 65.1 degrees (s.d. 4.4 degrees), 368.3 mm2 (s.d. 97.2 mm2) and 0.393 (s.d. 0.054), respectively. The angle was significantly larger, and the area and s/l ratio were significantly smaller than those of normal subjects (P &lt; 0.001).

CONCLUSION
The morphology of the masseter muscle in mandibular prognathism is significantly different from that of normal subjects. Our results may be helpful in evaluating the results of orthognathic surgery.
Tumoral calcinosis of the temporomandibular joint region
Authors: Noffke C , Raubenheimer E , Fischer E 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A rare case of tumoral calcinosis, discovered in the medial pterygoid muscle and around the temporomandibular joint on a routine panoramic radiograph is presented. CT was found to be ideal for the determination of the exact location of the calcifications. The differential diagnosis of tumoral calcinosis is discussed.
A case of glandular odontogenic cyst associated with ameloblastoma: correlation of diagnostic imaging with histopathological features
Authors: Hisatomi M , Asaumi J , Konouchi H , Yanagi Y , Kishi K 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) is a rare odontogenic cyst. There has only been one reported case of the simultaneous presence of GOC and ameloblastoma. The radiographic features of GOC are well established but the MR findings have not been described. We report a case of GOC associated with ameloblastoma with special reference to the correlation of the diagnostic imaging with the histopathological features.
Comparison of three intra-oral storage phosphor systems using subjective image quality
Authors: Kitagawa H , Farman A G , Scheetz J P , Brown W P , Lewis J , Benefiel M , Kuroyanagi K 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE
To compare the subjective image quality of three intra-oral storage phosphor systems.

METHODS
DenOptix (Dentsply/Gendex, Chicago, IL, USA), Digora (Soredex, Helsinki, Finland), and CD-Dent (DigiDent Digital Imaging Technologies, Nesher, Israel) were compared. Two different imaging plates (IPs), BAS300 and HR300 (Fuji Photo Film Co., Tokyo, Japan) were used with the DenOptix system. The specimen was the maxilla and surrounding soft tissues of an adult cadaver. Imaging was at 70 kVp and 8 mA with a focus-detector distance of 38 cm using an optical bench. The exposure times were varied and a panel of five dentists independently evaluated the images produced with each system/IP receptor for seven features; proximal caries, gingival soft tissues, cortical bone, root canal space, root apices, periodontal ligament space and endodontic instrument clarity on a three-interval confidence scale. The best three exposures were chosen according to the highest scores for each system. These images were re-read in random order a total of 10 times. Pair-wise comparisons were made by use of odd's ratio analysis. A 95% confidence interval was applied.

RESULTS
Images made with the DenOptix system/BAS IP combination were perceived to have the best overall image quality. The DenOptix/HR IP combination and Digora were rated almost equally in second place. The DigiDent system was ranked inferior. The Digora was considered to be the best for demonstrating gingival soft tissues (P &lt; 0.05) and the DenOptix/HR300 combination the best for clarity of endodontic instruments (P &lt; 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
While the DenOptix/BAS 300 combination was rated highest overall, the ranking of image quality by modality was found to be task-dependent. Digora was rated best for demonstrating gingival soft tissues.
Computed tomography and ultrasonography of metastatic cervical lymph nodes in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Yuasa K , Kawazu T , Nagata T , Kanda S , Ohishi M , Shirasuna K 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES
To define criteria for CT and US in differentiating cervical lymph node metastases in oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

MATERIALS AND METHODS
CT and/or US of 230 metastatic lymph nodes and 228 benign lymph nodes in 147 patients with oral SCC were retrospectively evaluated. The CT and US findings of each lymph node were compared with the histopathological findings. A metastasis was defined on CT as a lymph node with rim or heterogeneous enhancement, or measuring 10 mm or more in the short axis, regardless of enhancement pattern, and on US as having definite internal echoes, regardless of size, or without definite internal or hilar echoes, but measuring 10 mm or more in the short axis. A lymph node with hilar echoes or a ratio of the long to short axis (L/S ratio) of 3.5 or more was considered benign. A lymph node failing to comform to any of these categories was termed questionable.

RESULTS
The positive predictive value (PPV) for CT was 90.8% and the negative predictive value (NPV) was 70.4%. However, 65.7% of all lymph nodes could not be classified as either metastastic or benign. PPV for US was 96.5% and NPV was 88.1%. 25.5% of all lymph nodes could not be classified as either metastatic or benign.

CONCLUSIONS
Despite limitations in detecting metastases, by including a third category 'questionable' our criteria appear clinically more useful than other current methods based on two groups only.
Ultrasound-guided retrieval of labial minor salivary gland sialoliths
Authors: Ng S Y , Pinto P 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We report a case of minor salivary gland sialolithiasis presenting as acute, painful swelling of the upper lip. Conventional, unguided, incision and drainage removed three of the sialoliths. Diagnostic ultrasound identified two further sialoliths which were successfully removed with real-time, ultrasound-guided, needle localization. This technique of sialolith retrieval has not been previously reported.
Dimensions and volumes of the orbit and orbital fat in posttraumatic enophthalmos
Authors: Ramieri G , Spada M C , Bianchi S D , Berrone S 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES
To estimate from 2D and 3D-CT the anatomical defects that are most likely to be responsible for posttraumatic enophthalmos.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The morphology and dimensions of the orbit and of fat content were investigated in 25 patients 6-12 months after treatment for complex orbital fractures by image analysis and volumetric estimation from 2D and 3D-CT.

RESULTS
The shape of orbit was very often changed from conical to more rounded due to enlargement of the posterior segment. The retrobulbar fat appeared fragmented and dislocated posteriorly. No changes were observed in the structural appearance or radiodensity of either the orbital fat or muscles. There was reduced sagittal eye projection, increased width of the orbital rim, downward dislocation of the posteromedial orbital floor, and increased volume in the posttraumatic orbits which was significantly different (P &lt; 0.05). Enophthalmos was correlated with orbital volume and height of the retrobulbar portion of the orbit. The volume of fat did not correlate with enophthalmos.

CONCLUSIONS
Posttraumatic enophthalmos appears to be more commonly related to failure in correcting the orbital volume and in reducing the outward dislocation of the posterior orbital floor and not to changes in the fat content.
A comparative study of the radiological diagnosis of postoperative maxillary cyst
Authors: Heo M S , Song M Y , Lee S S , Choi S C , Park T W 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES
To compare the diagnostic accuracy for the postoperative maxillary cyst (POMC) of panoramic in combination with Waters' radiography with computed tomography (CT) and of oral and maxillofacial radiologists with non-specialists.

STUDY DESIGN
Nineteen cases of POMC and 19 of postoperative changes were assessed using panoramic in combination with Waters' radiographs and CT by five oral and maxillofacial radiologists and five non-specialists on a five-point scale. The areas under the ROC curves were analysed using the Wilcoxon rank sum test to determine any differences in diagnostic accuracy between the two methods and between the two groups.

RESULTS
The diagnostic accuracy of CT was higher than that of combined panoramic and Waters' radiographs for the oral and maxillofacial radiologists (P &lt; 0.05), but not for the non-specialists (P &gt; 0.05). The diagnostic accuracy of the oral and maxillofacial radiologists for each method was higher than that of the non-specialists group (P &lt; 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
CT improves the evaluation of POMC. Radiological training and experience leads to more accurate diagnoses.
Two cases of polyostotic eosinophilic granuloma
Authors: Asaumi J , Konouchi H , Hisatomi M , Matsuzaki H , Kishi K 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We report two cases of polyostotic eosinophilic granuloma (EG). Both plain radiographs and CT showed diffuse osteolytic lesions which suggested malignant tumors. Although EG was polyostotic, the prognosis was relatively good. Both cases developed new lesions over a follow-up period of 4-5 years and therefore further long-term review is needed.
Tuned-aperture computed tomography for detection of occlusal caries
Authors: Shi X Q , Han P , Welander U , Angmar-Månsson B 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the use of tuned-aperture computed tomography (TACT) for the detection of primary occlusal caries.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The material comprised 76 extracted posterior teeth, 51 with caries. Radiographs were recorded both with the Sens-A-Ray (Regam Medical Systems Int. AB, Sundsvall, Sweden) digital radiographic system and with Kodak EktaSpeed Plus film (Eastman-Kodak Co., Rochester NY, USA) employing an Orthopantomograph OP 100 (Instrumentarium Imaging, Tuusula, Finland) and a Prostyle Intra (Planmeca, Helsinki, Finland) dental unit respectively. The Sens-A-Ray radiographs were used to construct TACT slices and TACT iterative slices. The teeth were subsequently sectioned in 300 microm thick slices. Microradiographs were exposed and analysed with respect to the true presence of lesions. Seven observers subjectively evaluated the radiographs and ROC analyses performed. Conventional radiographs were compared with TACT images by means of the area under the ROC curves, Az. Paired t-test was used to compare Az values. Interobserver agreement was evaluated using the Kendall coefficient and the Friedman Anova.

RESULTS
TACT radiographs were significantly better than conventional radiographs for diagnosing all types of occlusal caries combined (P(TACT) (slices)=0.02. P(TACT) (iterative slices)=0.01). However, neither TACT system was significantly better than film for enamel and dentinal caries separately. Observer agreement was moderate. However, observers demonstrated significant systematic differences in their readings (P&lt;0.001).

CONCLUSION
TACT may be a feasible method for diagnosing primary occlusal caries.
Group learning factors in a problem-based course in oral radiology
Authors: Chen S K , Chang H F , Chiang C P 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES
To assess the development of group dynamics in students who participated in a problem-based learning (PBL) course in oral radiology and to evaluate the influence of the facilitators' experience.

METHODS
At the beginning and end of the course, students in three consecutive years (1997, 1998 and 1999) responded to a group learning factor questionnaire designed to measure group dynamics (engagement, interpersonal relationships, lack of commitment and disruptive behaviour, interpersonal learning and self-presentation). The answers were analysed with paired t-test and the effects of the facilitator's seniority, expertise in oral radiology, experience of PBL and single or rotating facilitators assessed.

RESULTS
Most groups in the three years reported above average group dynamic scores. There were significant changes in group dynamics. In the 1997 class, interpersonal relationships improved (P=0.014). In the 1998 class, interpersonal learning (P=0.021) and engagement (P=0.009) increased significantly, while disruptive behaviour decreased (P=0.031). In the 1999 class, lack of commitment and disruptive behaviour decreased (P=0.014). Groups led by a junior faculty member with no previous experience of PBL show less commitment and more disruptive behaviour.

CONCLUSIONS
More commitment and less disruptive behaviour and improved engagement, interpersonal relationships and self-presentation were found in a PBL course in oral radiology. Facilitators should have prior exposure to PBL to avoid disruptive behaviour among the students.
Performance of a new F-speed film for caries detection
Authors: Ludlow J B , Abreu M , Mol A 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE
To compare films from three speed groups for the detection of approximal caries.

STUDY DESIGN
Insight, Ektaspeed Plus and Ultra-speed (Eastman-Kodak, Rochester, NY, USA) radiographs of the proximal surfaces of 40 extracted posterior teeth were evaluated by six observers. The presence or absence of caries was scored using a 5-point confidence scale. The actual status of each surface was determined from histology of ground sections. Observer responses were evaluated using ROC analysis and areas under the ROC curves (A(Z)) assessed using ANOVA.

RESULTS
Ultra-speed film had a mean A(Z) of 0.88, Ektaspeed Plus 0.85, and Insight 0.84. These differences were not statistically significant (P=0.5). Differences between observers were also not statistically significant (P=0.42).

CONCLUSIONS
The performance of the new F-speed film was not statistically different from E or D speed for caries detection. This film shows promise as a means of reducing patient dose while maintaining diagnostic quality.
A rare case of intraosseous polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA) of the maxilla
Authors: Sato T , Indo H , Takasaki T , Kawabata Y , Morita Y , Noikura T 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A rare case of intraosseous, polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA) of the maxilla is presented. The lesion appeared to be cystic radiographically and the only finding which suggested malignancy was an irregular cortical border.
Integration of a picture archiving and communication system with videocapture and computed radiography in a dental hospital
Authors: Okamura K , Tanaka T , Yoshiura K , Tokumori K , Yuasa K , Kanda S 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A method for the integration of a picture archiving and communication system (PACS) at Kyushu University Dental Hospital with radiological information (RIS) and hospital information (HIS) systems is described. CT, US and DSA from different manufacturers were integrated by videocapture and then subsequently integrated with computed radiography (CR) by means of DICOM. The approximate amount of data stored each month on optical discs is 2 GB. The system does not incorporate intra-oral radiography.
A study of the relationship between the position of the condylar head and displacement of the temporomandibular joint disk
Authors: Kurita H , Ohtsuka A , Kobayashi H , Kurashina K 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES
To examine the possible relationship between condylar position and disk displacement in the TMJ.

METHODS
Forty-eight joints with no disk displacement (NDD), 84 joints with a reducible displaced disk (RDD) and 99 joints with a permanently displaced disk (PDD) were selected. The positions of the condyle and TMJ disk were calculated from lateral MR images.

RESULTS
There were significant differences in condylar position between the joints with NDD and RDD, while there was no difference between those with NDD and PDD (Kruskal-Wallis and post-hoc test, P&lt;0.05). There was also a significant correlation between the position of the condylar and the displaced disk (Spearman's rank correlation, P&lt;0.05). The condyle was located more anteriorly with advancing disk displacement.

CONCLUSIONS
We suggest that if the disk displacement is slight, the condyle is displaced posteriorly: as the disk displacement becomes more severe (i.e. more anteriorly displaced), the condyle returns to the concentric position.
Scanning resolution and the detection of approximal caries
Authors: Janhom A , van Ginkel F C , van Amerongen J P , van der Stelt P F 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE
To determine a proper scanning resolution for digitizing bitewing radiographs in the detection of approximal caries.

METHODS
Fifty-two premolars and 48 molars were mounted in blocks and imaged on conventional film (Ektaspeed Plus, Eastman-Kodak, Rochester, NY USA) simulating a bitewing projection. The 15 bitewing radiographs were then scanned with a flatbed scanner at three resolutions 150, 300 and 600 d.p.i. The digitized images were displayed in random order on a high-resolution cathode ray tube monitor. Ten observers assessed the caries status of 200 approximal surfaces. They scored lesion presence on a 5-point confidence scale and depth on a 3-point scale. The observer's scores were compared with the results from a histological examination. Data were analysed using analysis of variance, by calculating signed observer error, absolute observer error and observer confidence.

RESULTS
Lesion depth had a significant effect on confidence of lesion recognition. The main effect of resolution and the interaction between resolution and lesion depth were significant. Pair-wise comparison showed a significant difference between resolutions in case of sound surfaces and surfaces with dentinal lesions for absolute error. The confidence increased as the resolution increased but no significant difference was found between 300 and 600 d.p.i. The best score for depth estimation was obtained at the 300 d.p.i. scanning resolution.

CONCLUSIONS
When bitewing radiographs are scanned with a flatbed scanner, a resolution of 300 d.p.i. seems the best choice. At this resolution the digital file size is manageable without significant loss of the information necessary for caries diagnosis.
Paediatric absorbed doses from rotational panoramic radiography.
Authors: Hayakawa Y , Kobayashi N , Kuroyanagi K , Nishizawa K 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES
To determine the paediatric doses in rotational panoramic radiography with film/screen and photostimulable phosphor receptors.

STUDY DESIGN
A paediatric anthropomorphic head and neck phantom was used. Absorbed doses were measured for two panoramic systems, the Orthophos (Sirona Dental Systems, Bensheim, Germany) and the PM 2002 CC (Planmeca Oy, Helsinki, Finland), with and without programmable child settings, using both screen/film and photostimulable phosphor receptors.

RESULTS
Absorbed doses to the eye ranged from 5 to 24 micro Gy. Doses to the dental arches with the Orthophos unit ranged from 50 to 555 micro Gy with the adult and from 27 to 436 micro Gy with the child program; using the PM 2002 CC unit, doses ranged from 56 to 1040 micro Gy using the adult settings, and from 60 to 890 micro Gy with the paediatric settings. The paediatric exposure settings reduced doses at most locations for both panoramic systems. The highest doses were measured near the rotational axes of the X-ray beam. Paediatric settings with the Orthophos P10 resulted in the dose reduction more than 50% to the thyroid but not with the PM 2002 CC. When lower kVcp or mA settings were used, absorbed doses were effectively reduced for all combinations of machines, programs and detectors.

CONCLUSIONS
Specific program settings for children reduced the absorbed doses from panoramic radiography irrespective of the machine or receptor used.