bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Syncope is a frequently under‐diagnosed condition in infants and toddlers and has similar features to those seen in adolescents and adults
Authors: Moore Shiran Sara , Watemberg Nathan 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimVagal syncope may not be readily recognised by the caregivers of younger children, often leading to extensive diagnostic evaluation. Our aim was to determine the characteristics of syncope in younger children and to assess whether this age group was more prone to undergoing extensive diagnostic work‐ups and receiving wrong aetiological diagnoses.MethodsWe collected clinical data on children up to six years of age, referred to our paediatric neurology clinic between 2007 and 2014 following one or more episodes of sudden loss of consciousness.ResultsA family history of syncope was present in 59.5% of the 37 children, and a trigger for syncope was identified in 30 children. Most of the episodes were short, with witnesses reporting an immediate or quick recovery. Most of the children underwent diagnostic procedures, particularly an electroencephalogram, and all the results were normal. Epilepsy did not develop in any of these cases. Syncope recurred in 22 patients during a two‐year follow‐up.ConclusionVagal syncope had similar features in toddlers and young children to those seen in adolescents and adults. Its diagnosis should be considered following loss of consciousness due to an identifiable trigger and rapidly regaining consciousness to avoid unnecessary diagnostic procedures and hospitalisation.
Reliability of the German version of the Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment (CAPE) and Preferences for Activities of Children (PAC)
Authors: Fink A. , Gebhard B. , Erdwiens S. , Haddenhorst L. , Nowak S. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryBackgroundThe introduction of the International Classification of Functioning, Disabilities and Health of the World Health Organization in 2001 made social participation a major rehabilitation outcome and the ultimate goal of rehabilitation services. There is no available instrument to measure the youth participation in leisure activities apart from asking the youth themselves. The goal of this study was to present a German version of the Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment and Preferences for Activities of Children (CAPE/PAC).MethodsThe CAPE/PAC questionnaire was translated into German, a cultural adaptation process was designed and a reliability study was conducted. One hundred and fifty‐two youths with and without disabilities, with a mean age of 15.2 years (standard deviation 1.7), participated in the study. The participants completed CAPE and PAC twice within 4 weeks. Reliability was examined by intraclass correlation coefficients, standard error of measurement, smallest detectable change and Cronbach's alpha.ResultsThe absolute values of participation differ between the typically developed youth group and those with impairments; the reliability of the CAPE/PAC is comparable in both groups. Intraclass correlation coefficients ranged from 0.43 to 0.74 for the CAPE and from 0.71 to 0.83 for the PAC in all participants. The alpha values for internal consistency ranged from 0.42 to 0.82 for the CAPE and from 0.65 to 0.92 for the PAC.ConclusionsThe German version of the PAC showed satisfactory reliability; however, reliability was not satisfactory for all scores of the CAPE, but comparable with versions in other languages. The need for newly developed participation measurements requires further discussion.
The effect of placing a bone replacement graft in the gap at immediately placed implants: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Sanz Mariano , Lindhe Jan , Alcaraz Jaime , Sanz‐Sanchez Ignacio , Cecchinato Denis 
Published: June 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the added value of using a bone replacement graft in combination with immediate implants in reducing the bone dimensional changes occurring in the residual ridge.Material and methodsRandomized parallel controlled clinical trial to study the efficacy of grafting with demineralized bovine bone mineral with 10% collagen (DBBM‐C) in the gap between the implant surface and the inner bone walls when the implants were immediately placed in the anterior maxilla. The changes between implant placement and 16 weeks later in the horizontal and vertical crestal bone changes in relation to the implant were evaluated through direct bone measurements using a periodontal probe. Mean changes were compared between the experimental and control sites using parametric statistics.ResultsA total of 86 implant sites in 86 subjects were included in the analysis (43 in the test group and 43 in the control group). The horizontal crest dimension underwent marked changes during healing mainly at the buccal aspect of the alveolar crest where this reduction amounted to 1.1 (29%) in the test group and 1.6 mm (38%) in the control group, being these statistically significant (P = 0.02). This outcome was even more pronounced at sites in the anterior maxilla and with thinner buccal bone plates.ConclusionsIn conclusion, the results from this clinical trial demonstrated that placing a DBBM‐C bone replacement graft significantly reduced the horizontal bone resorptive changes occurring in the buccal bone after the immediate implantation in fresh extraction sockets.
God's Work, Our Hands
Authors: Deifelt Wanda 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis essay offers a systematization of the various contributions to this issue, highlighting commonalities and creative tensions. Using Martin Luther's two‐kingdom theory as a framework, the leading question is the role of humanity in restoring creation and the deliberation that this ethical imperative—to carry out works of love on behalf of the neighbor (which includes creation itself)—might entail.
A Postcolonial Framework for Justification and Eco‐Justice
Authors: Nunes John 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis work proposes a relationship between eco‐justice and justification by grace rooted in a phenomenological approach. The reality of structural sin experienced by persons living in economic poverty on the African continent is interpreted through the lens of Lutheran catechetical ethics. Lives of repentance will lead to incarnational interventions striving for concrete social transformation.
Reformation Resources for Contemporary Eco‐Justice Theology
Authors: Saler Robert C. , Nelson Derek R. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractReformation theology has two significant contributions to make to a renewal of environmental theology. Its heritage of sin exposes the fact that human efforts at intervention in the environment are only ambiguously good and in need of redemption themselves. Its heritage of freedom exposes some efforts toward environmental healing as works‐righteousness, available to be transformed by God in hope for a heavenly and earthly future.
Prayer, Self‐Examination, and Christian Catechesis in Augustine and Luther
Authors: Drever Matthew 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAugustine and Luther are well known for their self‐examinations of religious experience, especially its trials and temptations. Their theologies of prayer offer a distinctive window into this self‐examination because they traverse the juncture between doctrine and practice, thereby addressing both the theological and pastoral concerns on sin and grace at the heart of their discussions of religious experience. While emanating from their personal spiritual lives, their theologies of prayer also are firmly rooted within the corporate context of the church and Christian catechesis.
Recognition and Reform in Nordic Fiction: Jonas Gardell and Jussi Valtonen
Authors: Saarinen Risto 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWhile contemporary Scandinavian literature continues to discuss the problems of welfare state and social justice, it increasingly turns its attention to minority issues, multiculturalism, and the impact of digitalization. Jonas Gardell's HIV/AIDS trilogy Torka aldrig tårar utan handskar (Never wipe tears without gloves) highlights the family relations in the Swedish gay community. Jussi Valtonen's He eivät tiedä mitä tekevät (They do not know what they do) deals with the dystopias of social media and the power of global software companies. Religion and theology play a significant role in the works of both Gardell and Valtonen.
The development of a synthetic diet for investigating the effects of macronutrients on the development of Plodia interpunctella
Authors: Littlefair Joanne E. , Nunn Katherine A. , Knell Robert J. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe use of chemically defined artificial diets has allowed researchers to examine questions within nutritional ecology about how macronutrients affect life‐history traits and resource‐based trade‐offs. Using a chemically defined diet, it is possible to manipulate both the total nutritional content and the ratio of macronutrients (i.e., proteins, carbohydrates, or lipids) within the diet. Studies using the geometric framework have made use of these diets to examine lifespan, fecundity, and immune responses. Here, we develop an artificial diet suitable for rearing lepidopteran larvae. We created diets with three proportions of non‐nutritive material (30, 50, and 70% indigestible cellulose) relative to protein and carbohydrate macronutrients, and compared these to standard wheat bran laboratory diet. We then examined the effects of variable nutrient content on lifespan and development time in Plodia interpunctella Hübner (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). The artificial diets supported development (almost) as well as bran‐based laboratory diets. Total nutrient content affected development time: females that fed on the diet with the highest nutrient content took the longest time to reach eclosion. We also found evidence to support dietary restriction, with larvae receiving the fewest nutrients having the longest lifespan as adults. These findings are indicative of the usefulness of this diet as a tool to further investigate the effects of nutrient content and macronutrient imbalance on resource‐based trade‐offs and life‐history traits.
Prolonged diapause and seed predation by the acorn weevil, Curculio robustus, in relation to masting of the deciduous oak Quercus acutissima
Authors: Higaki Morio 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMany researchers have studied the relationship between masting by trees and seed predation by insects. Most of these studies have been plant centered, with little focus on the insect perspective. To estimate the effect of mast seeding on insect seed predators, the life‐history traits of these insects must also be considered because some seed insects can survive lean years by prolonged diapause. In this study, I examined larval infestation of acorns and life‐history traits of the acorn weevil, Curculio robustus (Roelofs) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in relation to acorn production of the deciduous oak Quercus acutissima Carruthers (Fagaceae) in a coppice stand in central Japan in 2004–2009. Curculio robustus females oviposit into Q. acutissima acorns, inside which the larvae develop. Mature larvae leave acorns and burrow into the soil, where they overwinter. Although germination did occur in acorns infested by weevil larvae, the percentage of germination was lower in acorns damaged by many larvae. Acorn production in Q. acutissima varied considerably among years. Both the number of C. robustus larvae infesting acorns and the percentage of acorns infested were affected by the amount of acorns produced by Q. acutissima, and two successive lean years appeared to have a considerable impact on C. robustus population size. Consequently, only a small fraction of the acorns produced were lost to predation in a mast year after two successive lean years. However, C. robustus could survive the two successive lean years because of prolonged larval diapause, probably leading to a marked decrease in population size. These findings suggest that masting in Q. acutissima succeeds as a predator satiation strategy in response to acorn damage by C. robustus, and that C. robustus has developed prolonged diapause as a counter‐adaptation.
Horn length is not correlated with calling efforts in the horn‐headed cricket Loxoblemmus doenitzi (Orthoptera: Gryllidae)
Authors: Kuriwada Takashi 
Published: June 2016

AbstractField cricket species are ideal model organisms for the study of sexual selection because cricket calling songs, used to attract mating partners, are pronouncedly sexually dimorphic. However, few studies have focused on other sexually dimorphic traits of field crickets. The horn‐headed cricket, Loxoblemmus doenitzi, exhibits exaggerated sexual dimorphism in head shape: males have flat heads with triangular horns, while females lack horns. This study examines the relationship between horn length, male calling efforts and diet quality. Horn length was not found to be significantly correlated with calling efforts. When diet was manipulated for late‐stage nymphs, calling efforts in the group with poor‐quality diet treatment was significantly lower than that of crickets in the group with high‐quality diet treatment. However, horn length was not affected by diet quality. The implication of these results in the context of the evolution of multiple signals and sexual dimorphism is discussed.
Discovery of independent‐founding solitary queens in the yellow crazy ant Anoplolepis gracilipes in East Java, Indonesia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: Ito Fuminori , Asfiya Wara , Kojima Jun‐ichi 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe collected four solitary queens of the invasive ant Anoplolepis gracilipes under stones in East Java, Indonesia. They produced nanitic workers by claustral colony foundation. This is the first report of independent colony foundation by queens in this species. The discovery may give an important insight into discussion on the origin of this invasive ant.
Fatigue crack growth resistance of 7075 Al alloy after equal channel angular pressing
Authors: Ghalehbandi S M , Fallahi‐Arezodar A , Hosseini‐Toudeshky H 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis work presents experimental results on effects of severe plastic deformation (SPD) and subsequent natural ageing on tensile mechanical properties and fatigue crack growth resistance of fine‐grained 7075 Al alloy. The alloy was subjected to equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) after solution treatment. Fatigue crack propagation tests were conducted in room condition, at load ratio R = 0.1 and different load ranges on small disk shaped compact tension specimens. Fatigue fracture surface is also investigated using scanning electron microscopy observations and showed more ductile fatigue crack growth in the unECAPed specimen. Despite the increased tensile strength after ECAP, the ductility that controls low‐cycle fatigue behaviour has decreased. It is found that ECAP has resulted in a remarkable change in Paris regime parameters and a significant increase in fatigue crack growth rate. The decrease in fatigue crack growth resistance and ΔKc after ECAP can be attributed to the decrease in alloy's ductility.
Pattern of invasion and lymphovascular invasion in squamous cell carcinoma of the floor of the mouth: an interobserver variability study
Authors: Beggan Caitlin , Fives Cassie , O'Leary Gerard , Sheahan Patrick , Heffron Cynthia C , Feeley Linda 
Published: June 2016

AimsLymphovascular invasion (LVI) and the histological pattern of invasion (POI) at the invasive tumour front have been reported as adverse prognosticators in oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). However, assessment of these parameters is hampered by variation in the criteria used for their evaluation. Our objective was to evaluate interobserver variability in the assessment of the POI and LVI in SCC of the floor of the mouth (FOM), and to study the impact of the POI on clinical outcomes by using varying quantitative cut‐offs.Methods and resultsFifty‐eight cases of FOM SCC were independently evaluated for the POI and LVI by three pathologists. Interobserver variability was analysed by the use of Fleiss kappa statistics. Interobserver agreement was substantial for the assessment of LVI [κ = 0.64, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.60–0.68]. Interobserver agreement was moderate for evaluation of the POI with a 50% cut‐off (κ = 0.58, 95% CI 0.54–0.62), a 20% cut‐off (κ = 0.58, 95% CI 0.54–0.62) cut‐off, and worst POI (κ =0 .43, 95% CI 0.39–0.46). A consensus diagnosis of the POI was a significant predictor of locoregional recurrence (LRR), disease‐specific survival (DSS) and overall survival (OS) on univariate analysis when a 50% cut‐off was used (LRR, P = 0.01; DSS, P = 0.01; OS, P = 0.01) and when a 20% cut‐off was used (LRR, P = 0.02; DSS, P = 0.02; OS, P = 0.03), but was not significant when worst POI was used (LRR, P = 0.18; DSS, P = 0.16; OS, P = 0.17).ConclusionsInterobserver agreement in the diagnosis of LVI was substantial. The POI at the 50% and 20% cut‐offs is moderately reproducible, and has prognostic value in FOM SCC. Further studies are necessary to establish the optimum quantitative cut‐off for the POI.
A high‐throughput assay for the measurement of uropathogenic Escherichia coli attachment to urinary bladder cells
Authors: García Méndez Karellen Beren , Bragagnolo Gabriel , O'Callaghan David , Lavigne Jean‐Philippe , Keriel Anne 
Published: June 2016

SummaryStrains of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) are the major causative agent of urinary tract infections (UTI), the most common infectious diseases in the world. Their ability to attach and enter into cells in the urinary tract is a limiting step for their pathogenicity. Many studies are thus focussing on these key mechanisms to propose new therapeutic strategies. To facilitate such studies, we developed a fast and high‐throughput assay which makes it possible to monitor the interaction of UPEC with cultured human uroepithelial cells. This assay allows measurement of the in vitro association of fluorescently labelled clinical isolates with bladder epithelial cells using flow cytometry in a microplate format. The assay was sensitive enough to detect variations between isolates expressing different adhesins and virulence factors and the inhibitory effect of proanthocyanidins. Thus we have developed a fast and robust assay which allows us to measure variations in the adhesion properties of UPEC to human bladder cells. This novel assay will be valuable for the study of initial steps of pathogenesis in UTI and for the screening or validation of inhibitory molecules.
Protocol for HER2 FISH determination on PAXgene‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded tissue in breast cancer
Authors: Oberauner‐Wappis Lisa , Loibner Martina , Viertler Christian , Groelz Daniel , Wyrich Ralf , Zatloukal Kurt 
Published: June 2016

SummaryMolecular diagnostics in personalized medicine increasingly relies on the combination of a variety of analytical technologies to characterize individual diseases and to select patients for targeted therapies. The gold standard for tissue‐based diagnostics is fixation in formalin and embedding in paraffin, which results in excellent preservation of morphology but negatively impacts on a variety of molecular assays. The formalin‐free, non‐cross‐linking PAXgene tissue system preserves morphology in a similar way to formalin, but also preserves biomolecules essentially in a similar way to cryopreservation, which markedly widens the spectrum, sensitivity and accuracy of molecular analytics. In this study, we have developed and tested a protocol for PAXgene‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded tissues for fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). The implementation of a 24‐h formalin postfixation step of slides from PAXgene‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded tissues allowed us to use the assays approved for formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded tissues. The equivalence of the methodologies was demonstrated by FISH analysis of HER2 amplification in breast cancer cases. The 24‐h postfixation step of the slides used for FISH can be well integrated in the routine diagnostic workflow and allows the remaining PAXgene‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded tissue to be used for further molecular testing.
Effects of dietary supplementing tannic acid in the ration of beef cattle on rumen fermentation, methane emission, microbial flora and nutrient digestibility
Authors: Yang K. , Wei C. , Zhao G. Y. , Xu Z. W. , Lin S. X. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryFour adult Simmental male cattle (376 ± 9.0 kg initial BW), fitted with permanent rumen cannulas, were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design to investigate the effects of dietary supplementing tannic acid (TA) on rumen fermentation, methane (CH4) production, rumen microbes, nutrient digestibility and plasma biochemical parameters. Four levels of TA, that is 0, 6.5, 13.0 or 26.0 g/kg dry matter (DM), were added to the basal ration (composed of corn silage and concentrate mixture) as experimental treatments respectively. Each experimental period consisted of a 12‐day adaptation phase followed by a 3‐day sampling phase. The results showed that supplementing TA at 26.0 g/kg DM decreased the relative abundance of protozoa, methanogens and Ruminococcus albus to the total ruminal bacterial 16S rDNA in beef cattle (p < 0.05). The results also showed that supplementing TA at 6.5, 13.0 or 26.0 g/kg DM decreased (p < 0.01) the CH4 production (l/kg DM intake) by 11.1%, 14.7% and 33.6% respectively. Supplementing TA at 13.0 or 26.0 g/kg DM decreased the ratio of acetate to propionate and ammonia nitrogen (NH3–N) (p < 0.05) and tended to decrease the total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration of rumen fluid (p = 0.07). Supplementing TA at 26.0 g/kg DM decreased DM and organic matter (OM) digestibility (p < 0.05), supplementing TA at 6.5, 13.0 or 26.0 g/kg DM decreased (p < 0.01) crude protein (CP) digestibility by 5.0%, 8.6% and 15.7%, respectively, and supplementing TA at 6.5, 13.0 or 26.0 g/kg DM increased (p < 0.05) the plasma total antioxidant capability. It was concluded that supplementing TA in the ration of beef cattle decreased the CH4 production and digestibility of CP of beef cattle. Supplementing TA could be an effective option to mitigate CH4 emission form cattle, further research is necessary to study the effects of TA on the performance of cattle.
The prevalence of hepatitis C virus infection in Egypt 2015: implications for future policy on prevention and treatment
Authors: Kandeel Amr , Genedy Mohamad , El‐Refai Samir , Funk Anna L. , Fontanet Arnaud , Talaat Maha 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackground & AimsIn 2015, a national Egyptian health issue survey was conducted to describe the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. In this paper, we describe the HCV burden in 2015, compare the results with the national survey conducted in 2008, and discuss the implications of the new findings on prevention of HCV in Egypt.MethodsA multistage probability sampling approach was used, similar to the national demographic survey conducted in 2008. More than 90% of sampled individuals complied with the interview and provided blood samples.ResultsIn the 15–59‐year age groups, the prevalence of HCV antibody was found to be 10.0% (95% CI 9.5–10.5) and that of HCV RNA to be 7.0% (95% CI 6.6–7.4). In children, 1–14 years old, the prevalence of HCV antibody and HCV RNA were 0.4% (95% CI 0.3–0.5) and 0.2% (95% CI 0.1–0.3) respectively. Approximately, 3.7 million persons have chronic HCV infection in the age group 15–59 in 2015. An estimated 29% reduction in HCV RNA prevalence has been seen since 2008, which is largely attributable to the ageing of the group infected 40–50 years ago during the mass schistosomiasis treatment campaigns. Prevention efforts may have also contributed to this decline, with an estimated 75% (95% CI 6–45) decrease in HCV incidence in the 0–19 year age groups over the past 20 years.ConclusionsThese findings can be used to shape future HCV prevention policies in Egypt.