bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les organismes communautaires au Québec : De la coexistence à la supplémentarité
Authors: Savard Sébastien , Proulx Jean 
Published: April 2017

Résumé Cet article présente les résultats d’une recherche effectuée auprès de 52 organismes du tiers secteur québécois sur la question des relations qu’ils entretiennent avec un partenaire du secteur public. Les objectifs de la recherche étaient doubles : 1) élaborer un outil d’autoévaluation validé des relations entre organismes du tiers secteur et l’État et 2) procéder à une analyse transversale des informations produites par les 52 organismes du tiers secteur ayant participé à la validation de l’outil d’autoévaluation. Les résultats démontrent que les relations entre les deux groupes d’acteurs se sont stabilisées et même améliorées depuis vingt ans. Cependant, la contribution des organismes du tiers secteur est encore largement orientée vers la coproduction de services publics davantage que sur la coconstruction de politiques sociales destinées à une population commune. Abstract This article presents the results of a study involving 52 nonprofit organizations in Quebec focused on their relationships with public-sector partners. The objectives of the study were twofold: 1) to develop and validate a self-evaluation tool to assess relationships between third-sector organizations and the State and 2) to conduct a transversal analysis of information obtained from the 52 nonprofit organizations that took part in the validation of the self-evaluation tool. The results show that relationships between the two categories of stakeholders stabilized and even improved over the previous twenty years. However, the contribution of nonprofit organizations is still largely oriented toward the coproduction of public services rather than the shared construction of social policies for a common population.
Resource-Based View (RBV) of Unincorporated Social Economy Organizations
Authors: Akingbola Kunle 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT This article examines three related questions about unincorporated social economy organizations (USEOs): What are the characteristics of these social economy organizations? What is the unique bundle of resources that gives rise to and sustains their operations? Is there evidence of bricolage in these organizations? The findings suggest that USEOs are driven foremost by a social mission. USEOs provide diverse services and products including economic and specialized social activities, which are integral to the social fabric of society. The results also show that they combine and leverage two core resources – social capital and human capital – to support the operations of their organizations. Moreover they appear to draw on whatever resources are at their disposal to support the activities of the organization. This suggests that USEOs are involved in bricolage activities, which could explain the longevity of many of the organizations. RÉSUMÉ Cet article répond à trois questions étroitement liées sur les organismes d’économie sociale non constitués en société : Quelles sont les caractéristiques de ces organismes? Quelles sont les ressources particulières qui leur permettent de fonctionner? Ces organismes ont-ils recours au bricolage (dans le sens que Claude Lévi-Strauss prête à ce mot)? Les résultats indiquent qu’une mission sociale est ce qui motive les organismes d’économie sociale non enregistrés. Ces derniers fournissent une diversité de produits et services, y compris des activités économiques et sociales spécialisées qui sont essentielles pour la solidarité sociale. Les résultats montrent aussi que ces organismes combinent deux ressources clés – le capital social et le capital humain – afin d’appuyer le bon fonctionnement de leurs organisations. En outre, pour ce faire, ils ont apparemment recours à toute ressource qui soit à leur portée. Cette dernière pratique indique que les organismes d’économie sociale non constitués en société mènent vraisemblablement des activités de bricolage, ce qui pourrait expliquer pourquoi bon nombre de leurs organisations ont si longue vie.
Individual and Organizational Factors in the Interchangeability of Paid Staff and Volunteers: Perspectives of Volunteers
Authors: Mook Laurie , Farrell Eddie , Chum Antony , Handy Femida , Schugurensky Daniel , Quarter Jack 
Published: April 2017

This study builds upon earlier studies of the degree of interchangeability between volunteers and paid staff in nonprofit organizations. While these earlier studies were from an organization perspective, this study is from the perspective of volunteers, and looks at individual and organizational characteristics in all types of organizations—nonprofits, for-profits, government agencies, and others. The findings indicate that 10.8% of volunteers reported replacing a paid staff member, 3.1% permanently. Volunteers also reported being replaced by paid staff: 7.6% reported being replaced, 2.1% permanently. The study suggests that organizations utilize a co-production model and appear to interchange their paid staff and volunteers when needed in tasks requiring higher-level skills. RÉSUMÉ Cette étude se fonde sur des études antérieures qui portaient sur le niveau d’interchangeabilité entre Cette étude se fonde sur des études antérieures qui portaient sur le niveau d’interchangeabilité entre bénévoles et salariés dans des organismes à but non lucratif. Tandis que ces études antérieures adoptaient une perspective organisationnelle, cette étude-ci adopte celle des bénévoles et examine les caractéristiques individuelles et organisationnelles de toutes sortes d’organisations—à but non lucratif, à but lucratif, gouvernementaux et coopératifs. Elle se fonde sur deux sous-échantillons provenant d’une enquête aléatoire par téléphone avec 768 individus provenant de partout au Canada. Les résultats indiquent que 10,8% des bénévoles disent avoir remplacé un salarié, 3,1% en permanence. Les bénévoles disent d’autre part que des salariés les ont remplacés : 7,6% ont ainsi été remplacés par des salariés, 2,1% en permanence. L’étude semble montrer que les organisations utilisent un modèle de co-production et paraissent échanger leurs salariés et bénévoles au besoin pour des tâches requérant des habiletés de haut niveau.
Social Enterprise in Quebec: Understanding Their "Institutional Footprint"
Authors: Bouchard Marie J. , Filho Paulo Cruz , Zerdani Tassadit 
Published: April 2017

This article explores how the social enterprise concept is used in Québec. Focusing on the historical, institutional, and current conceptual understanding of the social economy in Québec, it explores the related definitions, terminology, and typologies currently in use. The term “social enterprise” is near absent in Québec, mainly due to the highly recognized notion of social economy. However, not all Québec enterprises that pursue social goals fit into the social economy institutional definition. This article proposes a conceptual framework for understanding the modalities of Québec’s field of social economy and other social purpose enterprises. It suggests that “social enterprises” in Québec are those that participate in the social purposes of the social economy without sharing the core and institutionalized characteristics of social economy enterprises.Cet article explore l’usage du terme « entreprise sociale » au Québec. Se basant sur des aspects historiques, institutionnels et conceptuels, l’article explore les définitions et les typologies qui ont cours aujourd’hui. L’expression « entreprise sociale » est rarement mentionnée, dû à la forte reconnaissance de l’économie sociale. Toutefois, il existe des entreprises au Québec qui, tout en poursuivant des objectifs sociaux, ne correspondent pas à la définition institutionnelle de l’économie sociale. La principale contribution de cet article est de proposer un cadre conceptuel pour comprendre le champ de l’économie sociale et des autres entreprises à finalité sociale. Il suggère que les « entreprises sociales » sont celles qui participent aux objectifs sociaux de l’économie sociale mais qui n’en ont pas les caractéristiques institutionnelles.
Cultivating Alliances: The Local Organic Food Co-ops Network
Authors: Sumner Jennifer , Wever Cassie 
Published: April 2017

Although social movements can lose their way in neoliberal times, building alliances can help them to leverage their strengths and overcome their weaknesses, thus avoiding co-optation and “mission drift.” One example of this strategy can be found within the co-operative movement: the Local Organic Food Co-ops Network in Ontario. A pilot study of six co-operatives in this organization reveals that they cultivate alliances in four ways: among member co-ops, through the creation of the network, with other types of organizations, and with other social movements. These alliances strengthen the co-operative movement, help to make the politics of alternative food systems work, influence the economy toward co-operation, and open up possibilities for establishing and maintaining a more sustainable food system. RÉSUMÉ Les mouvements sociaux, bien qu’ils puissent s’égarer à l’ère du néolibéralisme, peuvent établir des alliances afin de profiter de leurs atouts et surmonter leurs faiblesses, évitant ainsi la cooptation ou les déviations. On retrouve un exemple de cette stratégie d’alliance dans le cadre du mouvement coopératif en Ontario : The Local Organic Food Co-ops Network. Une étude pilote de six coopératives faisant partie de cette organisation révèle que celles-ci créent des alliances de quatre manières différentes : entre coopératives membres, grâce à la création du réseau même, avec d’autres types d’organisation et avec d’autres mouvements sociaux. Ces alliances renforcent le mouvement coopératif, aident à faire fonctionner les systèmes d’alimentation alternative, encouragent la collaboration économique et contribuent à établir et maintenir un système d’alimentation plus durable.
Actividades y uso del tiempo de las y los jóvenes que ni estudian ni trabajan en Colombia
Authors: Ochoa Díaz Diana , Silva Arias Adriana Carolina , Sarmiento Espinel Jaime Andrés 
Published: April 2017

Este artículo estudia a qué actividades se dedicaron los jóvenes colombianos entre los 15 años y 24 años que ni estudian ni trabajan (ninis), así como también analiza el uso de su tiempo. En específico, se identificaron las diferencias de género en las actividades principales que realizaron unos y otras, poniendo énfasis al tiempo consagrado a su ejecución. Para ello, se utilizó la Encuesta Nacional de Uso del Tiempo 2012-2013. Se evidenció que existe una marcada diferenciación de género en los roles del hogar por sexo desde tempranas edades, ya que las jóvenes se concentraron más a las labores de trabajo no remunerado del hogar y la familia, generando una polarización genérica que incrementa la desigualdad de oportunidades en su bienestar presente y futuro.
PRASANGKA SOSIAL DALAM PLURALITAS KEBERAGAMAAN DI KECAMATAN CIGUGUR KABUPATEN KUNINGAN JAWA BARAT
Authors: Hernawan Wawan 
Published: April 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap lebih mendalam tentang prasangka sosial dalam pluralitas keberagamaan dan upaya meminimalisasi prasangka sosial tersebut sebagai upaya mewujudkan kerukunan hidup dalam pluralitas keberagamaan dari perspektif ilmu komunikasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Penelitian dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif berupaya memusatkan perhatian studinya pada realita sebagai produk pikir manusia dengan segala bentuk subyektivitas, emosi dan nilai-nilai yang dianutnya. Melalui pendekatan kualitatif, diharapkan dapat terungkap gambaran mengenai aktualitas, realitas sosial dan persepsi sasaran penelitian yakni prasangka sosial dalam pluralitas keberagamaan.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prasangka sosial dalam pluralitas keberagamaan terjadi karena kurangnya informasi individu ataupun kelompok dalam memahami berbagai peristiwa keagamaan yang terjadi di wilayahnya dan adanya kekhawatiran akan penguasaan suatu kelompok keagamaan terhadap kelompok keagamaan lainnya. Prasangka sosial yang berkembang antarkelompok keagamaan dapat diminimalisasi melalui pengembangan sikap saling menghargai/toleransi, pengendalian diri, tanggung jawab bersama dalam kegiatan sosial kemasyarakatan dan melalui kerja sama yang saling menguntungkan sehingga konflik secara terbuka antarkelompok keagamaan di Kecamatan Cigugur dapat dihindarkan.Kata kunci: prasangka sosial, pluralitas, keberagamaan
KARAKTERISTIK BIOAKUSTIK DAN TINGKAH LAKU LUMBA-LUMBA JANTAN HIDUNG BOTOL (Tursiops aduncus)
Authors: Lubis Muhammad Zainuddin , Wulandari Pratiwi Dwi , Hestrianoto Totok 
Published: April 2017

Bioakustik adalah ilmu yang menggabungkan biologi dan akustik yang biasanya merujuk pada penelitian mengenai produksi suara, dispersi melalui media elastis, dan penerimaan pada hewan, termasuk manusia. Penelitian ini mengamati tingkah laku lumba-lumba jantan dengan melakukan pendekatan ilmu bioakustik yang melihat karakteristik dari lumba-lumba tersebut. Lumba-lumba jantan (Tursiops aduncus) yang dipelihara di Taman Safari Indonesia, Cisarua Bogor memiliki nilai intensitas terendah sebesar 28.03 dB dan tertinggi adalah sebesar 32.01 dB. Rata-rata parameter yang terukur yaitu salinitas sebesar 30 ppm dan suhu 23 °C dengan kedalaman kolam 4,5 meter. Range frekuensi suara klik dengan nilai intensitas tertinggi yaitu sebesar 32 dB dengan suara klik 3 sesudah makan pada hari ke 2 yang terdapat pada range frekuensi yaitu 1400-1600 Hz. Range frekuensi suara klik lumba-lumba jantan (Tursiop aduncus) di Taman Safari yaitu pada frekuensi 1400- 1500 Hz.
Bio-Invasions and Bio-Fixes: Mysis Shrimp Introductions in the Twentieth Century
Authors: Fredrickson Leif 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Between 1949 and the 1980s, fisheries managers transplanted the tiny
Mysis relicta
shrimp into hundreds of lakes and reservoirs in North America and Europe. They hoped to create self-sustaining food for fish. However, most of these experiments failed spectacularly, destroying the fisheries they were intended to bolster. The mysid introductions can be viewed as a 'biological fix', or 'bio-fix', akin to technological fixes. Fixes are solutions to complex social or environmental problems, but the solutions are conceived in an unsystematic and partial way. This makes the solutions appear cheaper and easier than they are and can result in failure and unintended consequences. The mysid introductions illustrate the bio-fix concept. Biological solutions to fisheries problems arose because technological solutions (fertilisation, hatcheries) were impractical or inadequate. Self-reproducing organisms appeared to solve those problems. Changing technology, growing ecological knowledge and the apparently successful introduction of mysids in several lakes made mysid introductions seem cheap, easy and enormously beneficial. But the fervour for mysids masked the many uncertainties and contradictions in knowledge about mysids and their role in ecosystems. Mysids were often not edible by the fish they were intended for. More troublingly, they competed for food with those fish, ultimately causing the collapse of fisheries. Fisheries managers subsequently tried to revive, reassess or reinvigorate large technological solutions, such as dams and fertilisation, to save fisheries, but this was not usually successful.
Cerebrovascular Pathology Contributes to the Heterogeneity of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Etiene Dannie , Kraft Joanny , Ganju Neema , Gomez-Isla Teresa , Gemelli Brad , Hyman Bradley T. , Hedley-Whyte E. Tessa , Wands Jack R. , de la Monte Suzanne M. 
Published: April 2017

Heterogeneous pathology in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is due to variability in the nature and severity of lesions, overlap with other neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, or the co-existence of cerebrovascular disease. In the MGH-ADRC autopsy archives, remote cerebral infarcts (CVA) were reported in 30% of the otherwise uncomplicated AD cases. To determine the potential significance of cerebrovascular lesions in relation to AD, the relative densities (CERAD grading criteria) of Bielschowsky-stained AD lesions and Ab-amyloid immunoreactive plaques were compared among cases of AD+CVA (N = 52), AD (N = 48), aged controls (NC; N = 9), and aged controls with AD lesions (ADC; N = 8). The prevalence of the ApoE e4 allele was also determined for each group. This study demonstrated: 1) higher densities of Bielschowsky-stained plaques in AD, AD+CVA, and ADC than in NC (P < 0.0001); 2) more abundant neurofibrillary tangles in AD relative to all other groups (P < 0.0005), and in AD+CVA and ADC relative to NC (P < 0.05); and 3) increased densities of Aβ-amyloid-immunoreactive plaques in AD relative to AD+CVA (P = 0.0003). In AD+CVA, cerebral vascular lesions consisting of remote microscopic cortical and subcortical white matter infarcts, ischemic lesions, and leukoaraiosis were consistently distributed in structures typically damaged by AD neurodegeneration, as well as in the basal ganglia. The ApoE ε4 allele was more prevalent in the AD+CVA (70%) than in the AD (58%) group (P = 0.05). Since the AD and AD+CVA groups had similar degrees of dementia, the results suggest that cerebral vascular lesions in regions typically destroyed by AD may contribute to the clinical manifestations of AD.
Phytochemical studies and antibacterial activity of the aerial parts of Physospermum verticillatum
Authors: Boulacel Ibtissem , Djarri Lakhdar , Azzouzi Salima , Medjroubi Kamel , Demirtas Ibrahim , Laouer Hocine , Akkal Salah 
Published: April 2017

In this study, we focused on the isolation and identification of the main compounds, triterpene, sterol, phenolic and fatty acid from the aerial parts of Physospermum verticillatum, which has not been previously reported. Dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts led to the isolation of ß-amyrin (1), 3,11-dihydroxy-12-oleanene (2), pentadecanoic acid (3), spina-sterol (4), spinasterol-3-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside (5) and saikochromic acid (6). These compounds were determined by means of the combined systems with high resolution tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-TOF/MS), 1D NMR (1H NMR, 13C NMR) and 2D NMR(COSY, HSQC and HMBC). Further, the extracts demonstrated significant antibacterial activity.
Morphometric Study of Spleen in Iranian Cadavers from Razavi-Khorasan Province
Authors: Mohammadi Shabnam , Hedjazi Arya , Sajjadian Maryam , Kebriaei Seyed Mohammad Mehdi , Moghadam Maliheh Dadgar , Ghrobi Naser , Yaghmaei Asadollah , Mohammadi Maryam 
Published: April 2017

Anthropologic parameters of the spleen are important because many diseases present with reduction or enlargement of the spleen. No data exists about the standard dimensions of the normal spleen in Iranian population. Therefore, the objective of the study was to investigate anthropologic parameters of the spleen in Iranian cadavers. In 2014-2015, this cross sectional study was undertaken from the Razavi Khorasan Province of Iran. Iranian cadavers (n=693, 152 female/541 male) with no history of poisoning, drug or alcohol addiction, no gross abnormality and injury of the spleen were included in the study. The length, width and thickness of spleen were measured using a Vernier caliper. The mean values of the demographic data were age= 40.28 ± 20.97 years; weight = 63.68 ± 17.40 kg; height = 160.03 ± 28.45 cm and BMI = 25.03 ± 20.46 kg/m2. The mean values of the spleen length, width, thickness, notch, weight and index in the cadavers were 11.32 ± 3.10 cm, 8.05 ± 2.35 cm, 20.12 ± 9.21 mm, 0.84 ± 1.35, 123.87 ± 82.46 g, and 2.01 ± 1.40, respectively. Accessory spleen was found in five cadavers. The anthropologic parameters of the spleen showed significant difference between males and females except for index of the spleen. Having standard data on the spleen is useful for radiologists, surgeons, anatomists and anthropologists. The results of the study may provide valuable data in the standardization of the anthropologic parameters of the spleen in the Iranian population.
Efficacy of Acrylic Splint in Management of Internal Derangement of Temperomandibular Joint
Authors: Ahmed Mohammed Ayaz , Rahman Quazi Billur , Uddin Md. Wares , Asaduzzaman Md. 
Published: April 2017

Occlusal splint plays a great role in the treatment of internal derangement of temporomandibular joint. Temporomandibular disorders affect 25 % of the population of the world. The purpose of the study was to elucidate the effectiveness of occlusal splint in reduction of pain, increase mouth opening, elimination of clicking sound. This randomized controlled clinical trial was done on 26 patients in two groups. Group A received occlusal splint and Group B received medications with supportive care. Monthly follow-up was done for a period of four months. In Group A and Group B, preoperative mean of mouth opening were 36.31 mm; and 39.77 mm. pain score 4.54 cm, clicking in 76.9% and 84.6% patients respectively. After 4 months of follow- up mouth opening 50.69 mm and 43.15 mm, pain score 0.154 cm and 0.69 cm, clicking 30.8% and 76.9% patients in both groups respectively. It may be conclude that the occlusal splint is highly efficient than medication and supportive care for managing of internal derangement of temporomandibular joint.
Qatar Exoplanet Survey : Qatar-3b, Qatar-4b, and Qatar-5b
Authors: Alsubai Khalid , Mislis Dimitris , Tsvetanov Zlatan I. , Latham David W. , Bieryla Allyson , Buchhave Lars A. , Esquerdo Gilbert A. , Bramich D. M. , Pyrzas Stylianos , Vilchez Nicolas P. E. , Mancini Luigi , Southworth John , Evans Daniel F. , Henning Thomas , Ciceri Simona 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
We report the discovery of Qatar-3b, Qatar-4b, and Qatar-5b, three new transiting planets identified by the Qatar Exoplanet Survey. The three planets belong to the hot Jupiter family, with orbital periods of

= 2.50792 days,

= 1.80539 days, and

= 2.87923 days. Follow-up spectroscopic observations reveal the masses of the planets to be

= 4.31 ± 0.47

,

= 6.10 ± 0.54

, and

= 4.32 ± 0.18

, while model fits to the transit light curves yield radii of

= 1.096 ± 0.14

,

= 1.135 ± 0.11

, and

= 1.107 ± 0.064

. The host stars are low-mass main sequence stars with masses and radii M
Q3 = 1.145 ± 0.064 M
⊙, M
Q4 = 0.896 ± 0.048 M
⊙, M
Q5 = 1.128 ± 0.056 M
⊙ and R
Q3 = 1.272 ± 0.14 R
⊙, R
Q4 = 0.849 ± 0.063 R
⊙, and R
Q5 = 1.076 ± 0.051 R
⊙ for Qatar-3, 4, and 5 respectively. The V magnitudes of the three host stars are V
Q3 = 12.88, V
Q4 = 13.60, and V
Q5 = 12.82. All three new planets can be classified as heavy hot Jupiters (M > 4 M
J).