bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does franchising matter on IPO performance?
Authors: Ozdemir Ozgur , Kizildag Murat 
Published: August 2017

PurposeThis paper has two main purposes. First, this paper aims to examine whether pre-initial public offering (IPO) franchising activity of issuing firms is priced in the financial markets and results in pricing differential between franchising and non-franchising firms at the time of IPO. Second, the paper aims to find out whether firms with pre-IPO franchising achieve better post-IPO stock performance compared to non-franchising firms.Design/methodology/approachTo test research hypotheses, empirical models were developed and tested through ordinary least square regression analysis. Several data sources were used including Thomson One Banker’s SDC database, Compustat/CRSP and IPO prospectuses.FindingsThe paper provides further insights to the underpricing phenomenon surrounding IPOs and long-run performance of IPO shares subsequent to listing. Particularly, the study reveals that franchising firms underprice their issues to a higher degree compared to non-franchising firms, and franchising positively affects the post-IPO benchmark adjusted cumulative abnormal returns (CARs) over a three-year observation period.Research limitations/implicationsBecause the study tests the proposed hypotheses using data only from the restaurant industry, the research results may lack generalizability. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to test similar hypotheses using larger sample sizes from other industries.Practical implicationsThe study’s findings have important implications both for IPO issuers in positioning their offering and for IPO investors in comparing IPO stocks and forming long-run portfolios.Originality/valueThis paper contributes both to the IPO and franchising literatures by providing primary insights about how investors perceive pre-IPO franchising and incorporate their perception into their pricing at an IPO.
One eye of the future, one eye on the past
Authors: Gallagher Cathal T. , Dhokia Chhayal 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to assess if the GOC considers relevant factors at all stages of its deliberations into misconduct, as required by the determinations in the cases of Cohen, Zygmunt, and Azzam, and to assess whether those circumstances described in the Hearings Guidance and Indicative Sanctions as warranting removal of an optician from the relevant registers lead to that outcome.

Design/methodology/approach
The consideration of specific factors in determining impairment of fitness to practise was compared with their subsequent consideration when determining the severity of sanction. Additionally, cases that highlighted aggravating circumstances deemed as serious enough to warrant removal were monitored. Pearson’s χ2 test was used to detect any variation from the expected distribution of data.

Findings
In total, 42 cases met the inclusion criteria. Each of the four factors considered was more likely to be heard when determining sanction having first been factored in to the consideration of impairment. Where risk of harm was identified as an aspect of an optician’s misconduct, the sanctions of suspension or removal were no more likely to be imposed. Where dishonesty was involved, they were more likely to result in suspension or removal.

Originality/value
The GOC do, in general, factor the rulings of High Court appeal cases into their deliberations on the impairment of fitness to practice and, where dishonesty is involved, consider their own guidance in determining which sanction to apply. The authors were unable to show that placing the safety of patients at risk was more likely to result in removal from the register.
Deregulating planning control over Britain’s housing stock
Authors: Home Robert 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
To apply path dependence theory and analysis to the regulatory framework for private-rented housing in Britain, especially affecting houses in multiple occupation (HMOs) and addressing the increased involvement of the planning system through planning use classes, permitted development rights and Article 4 directions.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper identifies critical junctures in primary and secondary legislation for housing and planning and analyses individual local authority responses in planning policy documents and tribunal decisions.

Findings
The rise of the HMO reflects wider changes in society leading to new forms of household and inter-generational inequalities. Local authority discretion and locked-in responses have resulted in different regulatory regimes for housing and planning, recently favouring existing communities of owner-occupiers against HMO residents, seen as transient populations not committed to the neighbourhood.

Research limitations/implications
Potential for further research on demographics and household formation, and on reviewing planning and appeal decisions involving HMOs.

Originality/value
The research is apparently the first specifically addressing planning regulation of the HMO from a path dependence perspective, in the context of planning protection of the single-family dwelling house and marginalization of other forms of housing.
Impulse buying tendencies among online shoppers in Sweden
Authors: Ek Styvén Maria , Foster Tim , Wallström Åsa 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to characterize consumers with high impulse buying tendency (IBT) by comparing them with low-IBT consumers in an online shopping context.

Design/methodology/approach
Data were collected through a postal survey to a random sample of Swedish citizens, resulting in 144 responses, which were analysed statistically..

Findings
Results indicate that high-IBT consumers, compared to those with low IBT, are on average younger, more likely to be female and more frequent online shoppers with higher levels of trust in the internet. However, they seem more likely than low-IBT consumers to abandon their online shopping carts before completing the purchase, often because of need uncertainty.

Practical implications
The findings can give retailers a better understanding of consumers with high IBT and thereby increase the possibility to target and communicate with them more effectively. This is an interesting opportunity as both multi-channel shopping and impulse buying behaviour is likely to become even more common in the future.

Originality/value
The study contributes to the understanding of impulsive consumers, as it addresses the role of situational and socio-demographic attributes of high-IBT consumers compared to low-IBT consumers. The differences in online purchases, intentions to buy fashion online, shopping cart abandonment and trust in the internet suggest that even if IBT is a relatively stable and general personal trait, the tendencies to act on buying impulses may be more context-specific.
C2C value creation: social anxiety and retail environment
Authors: Becker Larissa Carine , Pizzutti Cristiane 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
Most customers want to interact, whether on social networks or on company websites. This study aims to examine the relationship between customer-to-customer (C2C) interaction and value, considering the roles of social anxiety and the retail environment.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper presents three written-scenario experimental studies, where C2C interaction and the retail environment are manipulated, and social anxiety levels are measured. The settings and the measures are changed across the experiments to increase the results’ validity.

Findings
A three-way interaction among C2C interaction, social anxiety and retail environment has impacts on experience value and other value-related variables (satisfaction and positive mood). In the offline retail environment, as social anxiety levels increase, the effects of C2C interaction on these variables become weaker. In the online retail environment, as social anxiety levels increase, these effects become stronger.

Research limitations/implications
This paper contributes to the literature in three ways. First, it investigates the downside of positive C2C interactions when considering social anxiety and the retail environment where they occur. Second, this paper amplifies the literature about value by extending it to other consumers who can affect the service experience. Finally, this study explores online C2C interaction in a retail environment, an aspect that has been neglected in the research about online interactions.

Practical implications
This paper suggests strategies to manage C2C interaction for customers of varying levels of social anxiety in offline and online retail environments to maximise value for them.

Originality/value
This paper challenges the widespread idea that a positive C2C interaction always leads to value. By considering social anxiety and the retail environment in C2C literature, this paper explains why and when it is a false notion.
Prioritization of citizens’ preferences for using mobile government services
Authors: Saadi Meiaad Rashed , Ahmad Syed Zamberi , Hussain Matloub 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
The identification of key criteria that influence citizens’ preferences for using m-government services, prioritization of these criteria and making them consistent with the development of m-government services can improve the relationship of the government with citizens and vice versa. The purpose of this study is to investigate and prioritize the criteria that influence the usage of m-government services in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), using the technology acceptance model (TAM) and diffusion of innovation (DOI) theory, along with external variables of perceived security and perceived privacy.

Design/methodology/approach
A quantitative approach has been applied using a questionnaire with a nine-point scale for collecting data. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) approach has been deployed to structure and prioritize citizens’ preferences and select users of the Ministry of Interior (MOI) application.

Findings
The results of the data analysis showed that the first criteria, which refer to the intention to use m-government services, were ease of use and perceived security and were given the highest priority, and the criterion of observability was given the lowest priority.

Originality/value
This study integrates the DOI and TAM theories with other external variables such as perceived security and perceived privacy to develop a conceptual framework. AHP has been used to structure and prioritize the main criteria and sub-criteria of m-government services. The results can assist the m-government decision-makers and software developers in focusing on the criteria that should be considered for the development of m-government services.
Cultural and ethical obstacles on the road to sustainable development in the globalization era
Authors: Conti Tito 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
After the Second World War, important initiatives were taken to avoid the risk of mankind self-destruction. The creation of the United Nations generated high hopes. Unfortunately, after 70 years marked by the great technological progress, humanity seems to be ready to repeat the same mistakes; with the aggravating circumstance that the technological advances will greatly increase the risks of self-destruction. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to generate awareness and then contrast such risks, by going to the deep roots of the problems, which are cultural and ethics, and by analyzing them from the systems thinking and quality thinking perspectives.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper is the synthesis of many years of experience in managing as well as advising large, complex organizations and parallel research on the viability of – and conditions for – merging systems thinking and quality thinking. In front of the evidence that systems’ sustainable development can be reached only through internal cooperation, the above research expanded to the study of natural evolution, which apparently can give a lead to direct man-driven evolution toward a healthy worldwide system.

Findings
First, with the increase of the organizational size, analytical thinking must give way to systems thinking. Education in systems thinking is then becoming the main critical factor. Second, world sustainable development is challenged by an uncontrolled man-driven evolution, where technology is often used for violence and wars (win-lose relations). Ethics, which is part of quality since it aims at win-win relations, should be at the foundations of sustainable development, where cooperation should be one of the sustaining pillars.

Originality/value
What the author wrote in the last 12 years on the above subjects, culminating in this last paper, has broken new ground in the field of managing for quality, bringing it to the highest levels of human organizations. As far as value is concerned, what kind of value can be considered higher than taking care of the future of humanity – and the whole ecosystem?
A geomagnetic declination compass for horizontal orientation in fruit flies
Authors: Lee Sang‐Hyup , Oh In‐Taek , Lee Maan Gee , Ju Young‐Gu , Kim Soo‐Chan , Chae Kwon‐Seok 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe Earth's geomagnetic field (GMF) is known to act as a sensory cue for magnetoreceptive animals such as birds, sea turtles, and butterflies in long‐distance migration, as well as in flies, cockroaches, and cattle in short‐distance movement or body alignment. Despite a wealth of information, the way that GMF components are used and the functional modality of the magnetic sense are not clear. A GMF component, declination, has never been proven to be a sensory cue in a defined biological context. Here, we show that declination acts as a compass for horizontal food foraging in fruit flies. In an open‐field test, adopting the food conditioning paradigm, food‐trained flies significantly orientated toward the food direction under ambient GMF and under eastward‐turned magnetic field in the absence of other sensory cues. Moreover, a declination change within the natural range, by alteration only of either the east–west or north–south component of the GMF, produced significant orientation of the trained flies, indicating that they can detect and use the difference in these horizontal GMF components. This study proves that declination difference can be used for horizontal foraging, and suggests that flies have been evolutionarily adapted to incorporate a declination compass into their multi‐modal sensorimotor system.
Effect of Type of Protein‐Based Microcapsules and Storage at Various Ambient Temperatures on the Survival and Heat Tolerance of Spray Dried Lactobacillus acidophilus
Authors: Dianawati Dianawati , Lim Seng Feng , Ooi Yasmin Beng Houi , Shah Nagendra P. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe aims of this study were to evaluate the effect of types of protein‐based microcapsules and storage at various ambient temperatures on the survival of Lactobacillus acidophilus during exposure to simulated gastrointestinal tract and on the change in thermo‐tolerance during heating treatment. The encapsulating materials were prepared using emulsions of protein (sodium caseinate, soy protein isolate, or pea protein), vegetable oil, and glucose, with maltodextrin was used as a wall material. The formulations were heated at 90 °C for 30 min to develop Maillard substances prior to being incorporated with L. acidophilus. The mixtures were then spray dried. The microspheres were stored at 25, 30, and 35 °C for 8 wk and examined every 4 wk. The addition of proteins as encapsulating materials demonstrated a significant protective effect (P < 0.05) as compared to the control sample. Sodium caseinate and soy protein isolate appeared more effective than pea protein in protecting the bacteria after spray drying and during the storage at different room temperatures. Storage at 35 °C resulted in a significant decrease in survival at end of storage period regardless the type of encapsulating materials. The addition of protein‐based materials also enhanced the survival of L. acidophilus during exposure to simulated gastrointestinal condition as compared to the control. After spray drying and after 0th wk storage, casein, soy protein isolate, and pea protein‐based formulations protected the bacteria during heat treatment. In fact, a significant decrease in thermal tolerance was inevitable after 2 wk of storage at 25 °C.
Association of daytime napping with prediabetes and diabetes in a Chinese population: Results from the baseline survey of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study
Authors: Yin Xin , Liu Qi , Wei Jiate , Meng Xin , Jia Chongqi 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundOnly a few studies have investigated the effects of daytime napping on diabetes, and these studies have reported conflicting results. The aim of the present study was to examine whether daytime napping is associated with a higher risk of prediabetes and diabetes.MethodsThe present cross‐sectional study of napping duration in relation to prediabetes and diabetes was conducted in 12 277 participants. Data from the first wave (2011) of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study were used. Daytime napping was divided into four groups: no napping (reference) and napping for 1–30, 31–90, and >90 min. Multinomial logistic regression was used to obtain odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsIndividuals who reported taking daily afternoon naps accounted for 53.39% of all participants. Nappers had a higher prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes than non‐nappers. Compared with the reference group, the weighted fully adjusted ORs (95% CI) were 1.36 (1.10–1.68) and 1.61 (1.22–2.13) for napping >90 min in prediabetic and diabetic patients, respectively.ConclusionsLong daytime napping duration was positively associated with prediabetes and diabetes. Further physiological and cohort studies are needed to confirm these results and elucidate potential mechanisms.
Studying the human oral microbiome: challenges and the evolution of solutions
Authors: Benn AML , Heng NCK , Broadbent JM , Thomson WM 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSince the pioneering work of van Leeuwenhoek in 1684, subsequently built upon by other renowned microbiologists Robert Koch, Willoughby Miller and GV Black, oral microbiology has developed innovative techniques to study the oral microflora (now termed the ‘oral microbiome’). The advent of molecular techniques such as DNA–DNA hybridization, polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing has created an array of opportunities to construct a comprehensive picture of the diversity and composition of the oral microbiome. Approximately 700 oral bacterial species have been identified, of which 50% have yet to be cultivated, and some of these are known only by their signature DNA sequences. The synergism of ever‐evolving culture‐based and state‐of‐the‐art culture‐independent molecular techniques has facilitated in‐depth understanding of the dynamics, acquisition and transfer of oral bacteria, along with their role in oral and general health and disease. Further research is needed to not only analyse but also to make sense of the ever‐increasing volumes of data which these molecular techniques (especially high‐throughput DNA sequencing) are generating, as well as why particular bacteria are present and what they are ‘actually doing’ there. This review presents a comprehensive literature search of oral microbiology‐related methods currently used to study the oral microbiome.
‘Blowing the whistle’: the ethical, professional and legal implications of raising concerns and self‐regulation within dentistry
Authors: Holden ACL 
Published: August 2017

Abstract‘Whistle‐blowers’ are a necessary part of any system; dentistry is no different. The role of whistle‐blowers in dentistry has been enshrined in Australian law since 2010. Raising concerns has become a legal duty as well as an ethical and professional obligation. It is important that these different aspects of raising concerns are explored as each adds another layer of consideration to the issue. The health professional's duty to whistle‐blow could be viewed as problematic; the observance of this duty is associated with being ‘trapped between a rock and a hard place’ where any decision to engage or not may have negative consequences. For the obligation of raising concerns to gain acceptability within the dental profession, the concept requires reframing as being necessary for the profession's continued success. The stigma of mandatory reporting needs to be removed to allow this essential process to occur. This article will discuss the ethical, professional and legal imperatives for the dental profession to engage with whistle‐blowing and the likely challenges that are likely to be met in doing so.
Subsequent pregnancy outcome after mid‐trimester termination of pregnancy for preeclampsia
Authors: van Eerden Leonoor , de Groot Christianne J.M. , Zeeman Gerda G. , Page‐Christiaens Godelieve C.M. , Pajkrt Eva , Duvekot Johannes J. , Vandenbussche Frank P. , Oei Swan G. , Scheepers Hubertina C.J. , van Eyck Jim , Middeldorp Johanna M. , Bolte Antoinette C. 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundIn this study we determined the outcome of subsequent pregnancies after termination of pregnancy for preeclampsia, with the purpose of presenting data useful for counselling these women on future pregnancies.Study designThe cohort consisted of 131 women with a history of termination of pregnancy for preeclampsia.ResultsData of 79 pregnancies were available for analysis, including 13 women with chronic hypertension and 16 women with thrombophilia. There were seven miscarriages (8.8%) and 72 ongoing pregnancies. Low‐dose aspirin was prescribed for 64 women (89%). The mean gestational age at delivery was 356/7 ± 4 weeks with a mean birth weight of 2571 ± 938 g. Overall recurrence rate for preeclampsia was 29% at a mean gestational age of 32 weeks. Thirty‐eight women had an uncomplicated pregnancy (53%). The women with chronic hypertension had the highest recurrence rate of 38%. Neonatal mortality was 4%.ConclusionThe course of subsequent pregnancies after mid‐trimester termination for preeclampsia is uncomplicated in 53% with a recurrence rate for preeclampsia of 29%. The mean gestational age at delivery was 11 weeks later and birth weight 2000 g higher than in the index pregnancy.
Farmers' perceptions of and responses to environmental change in southwest coastal Bangladesh
Authors: Kabir Md Jahangir , Cramb Rob , Alauddin Mohammad , Roth Christian , Crimp Steven 
Published: August 2017

AbstractCoastal Bangladesh is highly vulnerable to climate change and salinisation; hence, farm‐level adaptation is critically important. Farmers' perceptions of and responses to environmental change were investigated in two villages in Khulna District. Perceived environmental trends included increases in temperature, extreme weather events, soil toxicity, erratic rainfall and scarcity of water for irrigation. Perceptions of climate trends were consistent with measured trends in Khulna. On‐farm adaptation strategies included adjusting planting dates, excavating trenches in rice‐fields, adopting new crops, salinity‐reducing technologies, livestock‐rearing and home‐yard cropping. Non‐farm adaptation strategies included wage employment, short‐term migration and self‐employment. Adaptation was facilitated by income‐earning opportunities, training, and credit, and impeded by lack of access to water, markets, capital, and extension services. Farmers suggested policy support for dissemination of stress‐tolerant cultivars, access to irrigation, and price stabilisation or crop insurance to assist adaptation. While the study shows an impressive degree of awareness and adaptation, external support is needed to increase adaptive capacity.