bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization and Mitigation of Mud Motor Vibrations
Authors: Hohl Andreas , Hohl Carsten , Herbig Christian , Oueslati Hatem , Reckmann Hanno 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Severe vibrations in drilling systems are one of the main limiting factors for an efficient drilling operation. An adjustment of drilling parameters is necessary to avoid the negative impact of vibrations on reliability, measurement quality, and rate of penetration. The time to drill a well is therefore directly or indirectly affected if vibrations are not properly managed; measurements must be repeated, damaged tools can lead to additional tripping time, and rate of penetration is limited by reduced power that is delivered to the bit and restrictions of operational parameters.
Complex well trajectories, a difficult drilling environment, and the extended-reach of wells are additional challenges for drilling operations. The use of a mud motor in the bottom-hole assembly (BHA) is one option to supply power directly to the bit. However, if the mud motor is not properly managed, its operation can lead to lateral vibrations. BHA design and optimization of operational parameters are options to mitigate lateral vibrations. A basic understanding of mud motor vibrations is necessary for this purpose.
To characterize mud motor-induced vibrations, a statistical evaluation of averaged vibration measurement data from several runs is conducted. Distributions of the vibrational amplitudes are analyzed, in reference to different designs of the mud motor power section. Analysis continues by reviewing a large quantity of time-based acceleration data with a sampling frequency of 1000 Hz. Special downhole tests are conducted that cover the entire range of operational parameters of the mud motor. High-frequency vibration data with distributed sensors are collected for different motor types and stabilizer configurations.
The outcome of the analysis is used to determine the ideal mud motor for a given application. Existing models for drillstring dynamics simulation are fine-tuned. Based on the models, sweet spots for operational parameters that avoid severe vibrations are derived and displayed in an innovative way.
The extensive analysis of high-frequency vibration data enables a reliable determination of operational parameters for mud motor applications that correspond to low levels of lateral vibrations. The approach enables efficient drilling with a high rate of penetration and results in increased downhole tool reliability. This ultimately leads to an optimized service delivery for drilling operations.
Going the Distance Cement Wiper Plug Technology
Authors: LeBlanc Tren 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The 13 3/8 to 14-in. cement wiper plug system is a critical component for successfully separating fluids during displacement of cement for long strings of casing in deepwater applications. With casing strings becoming longer, there was a need to validate the endurance capabilities of these plugs. This paper will discuss the methods used to test the endurance of a cement wiper plug system.
The test consisted of pumping the same plugs through 130 ft of casing repeatedly, until a maximum length of 40,000 ft was achieved. These plugs were displaced horizontally through the casing using water. This created the worst case scenario because no fluid would be in front of the plug: The elastomer is more susceptible to abrasion in dry pipe than in lubricated pipe. Each plug was dimensionally analyzed every 5,000 ft and then was validated by measuring the bypass pressure from the downhole side. The bypass pressure is directly related to the amount of surface contact between the plug fins and the casing wall and can be used to validate wiping efficiency. Theoretically, the farther the plug travels, the more likely the surface contact is reduced between the plug fins and the casing wall, and that is validated by measuring the bypass pressure.
The results of the endurance test are based on the relative wiping-efficiency test in the same inside diameter as the casing through which the plug is pumped. These results are compared to minimum allowable bypass pressure determined from a test using the largest published inside diameter. Results show that the bypass pressure decreases until a certain length and that at this length, contact force becomes significantly less, inadvertently causing the plug to wear at a slower rate. This relates to the reduction of the bypass pressure until a point where the pressure equalizes at approximately 20 percent less than the control.
Plug bypass can result in displacement errors, which further result in either underdisplacement leaving excess cement in the casing or over displacement, potentially contaminating the shoe tracks. Testing the ability of the plug to mechanically separate fluids and wipe the pipe eliminates the potential for bypass around the plug fins in the forward or reverse direction in long strings of casing.
The Silver Lining to Squeezing Salts: Practical Cased Hole Logging and Interpretation Method Determines if Mobile Formations Act as Annular Barriers for Plug and Abandonment Applications
Authors: Lavery David , Imrie Andrew 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
This paper describes an approach for identifying formations as annular isolation barriers. It also presents details of a novel analysis of cement evaluation and casing integrity data sets as an alternative to casing milling and secondary cementing use in plug and abandonment operations.
Recent ultrasonic cement evaluation logs, performed as part of the integrity diagnostics required for plug and abandonment operations, showed an increase in casing ovality when logging through a specific halite formation in the southern North Sea. These findings were used to postulate that the formation was coupled mechanically to the casing and could be used as an abandonment barrier. The circumferential cement evaluation data helped to identify the azimuthal coverage of the formation, and subsequent pressure testing confirmed the integrity of the halite formation as an isolating medium.
Multiple offset wells were also analyzed with a focus on identifying additional horizons exhibiting mobility that could be detected using casing logging tools. It became evident that this halite formation showed a consistent and clear correlation between casing ovality and circumferential coverage. Case studies are presented in which the halite formation was identified as an appropriate barrier, based on the combined interpretation of both cement evaluation and casing inspection data. This phenomenon typically occurred when the top of cement was below the halite interval; however, in some cases, the formation movement actually improved the cement bond quality across the zone.
By cross-referencing the cement evaluation and casing inspection logging data sets, the mobility of the halite formation can be identified, and subsequent integrity testing confirms its isolating capabilities as an appropriate barrier for plug and abandonment operations. The use of geological formations with suitable mobility as an alternative to a standard milled casing window with a cement plug can reduce rig time and consequently reduce operational costs.
Curved Nozzle Design for PDC Bits Enhances Hydraulics for Bit Cleaning and Cooling Improvements
Authors: Schnuriger Matthew , Cuillier Bruno , Tilleman Danny , Rose Karl 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Hydraulics can significantly affect Polycrystalline Diamond Compact (PDC) bit performance in applications where cuttings volume, formation types, and rig pressure limitations lead to poor fluid dynamics that compromise cleaning and cooling, and result in lower ROP and higher bit wear. A key mitigation challenge is improving cleaning efficiency without experiencing a significant pressure drop across the bit. This paper studies hydraulic conditions affecting PDC bit performance, examines modeling and design steps to develop a curved nozzle design, and presents the nozzle's performance in the field.
Research including computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling was conducted to better understand flow and velocity across the bit face. The resulting curved nozzle geometry was complex and required multiple iterations to achieve the desired effect. The nozzle design was applied in the field and its performance was compared to similar PDC bits with standard nozzles.
The curved nozzle design redirects fluid flow and reduces distance from the nozzle outlet to cutting face while retaining the same total flow area (TFA). The change in flow characteristics increases fluid impact on the formation and velocity in the waterways to enhance cleaning efficiency and cooling. The carbide nozzles were manufactured and installed on standard PDC bits used in a series of Permian Basin vertical and lateral wells in the United States. Vertical applications in Canada's Viewfield field were also studied. Bits fitted with the curved nozzles demonstrated significant performance gains compared to bits with conventional nozzles. Field reports show higher ROP and less bit wear in formations where interbedded clays and reactive shales present hydraulic challenges.
The insights gained into PDC bit hydraulics and the performance of the resulting curved nozzle design has enhanced the ability to mitigate many common hydraulics-related cleaning and cooling challenges.
Taking a Different Approach to Drilling Data Aggregation to Improve Drilling Performance
Authors: Behounek Michael , Hofer Evan , Thetford Taylor , White Matthew , Yang Lisa , Taccolini Marcos 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Currently, there is a multitude of commercially available real-time drilling data aggregation and distribution systems, yet the industry remains plagued with issues that limit the usability and effectiveness of data before, during, and after a well is drilled. There are challenges with moving, merging, analyzing, qualifying, and formatting data as well as having access to like-data in sufficient quantity and on a reliable data frequency. This paper discusses a novel, adaptable, and low cost approach to building a system to drive drilling performance and set the stage for future automation.
The Operator embarked on a project to develop a powerful, low cost system in order to leverage both high and low frequency data to gain value from real-time data models and algorithms at the rig site. High frequency data is defined as 1 to 100 Hertz data frequency. Low frequency data is defined as longer than once per hour or asynchronous, and is usually contextual - BHA information, mud reports, rig state, etc. Existing commercial systems fail to meet the requirements due to multiple factors. These include an inability to handle and process high frequency data, communicate with different protocols, and work across different proprietary systems. The result leads to higher costs, extra human resources and efforts, and a lack of consistency across a diverse rig fleet. Druing this process severe data quality issues were discovered at the rig site and needed the flexibility to modify, replace, or add sensors and data streams to remedy the problem. After evaluating more than thirty potential process controls and other industry applications, a software solution was selected, prototyped, tested and deployed to seven North American land rigs within a ten month period. This effort employed the agile development methodology which is an incremental, iterative work cadence using empirical feedback for rapid deployment of updated versions.
The system was designed to take in all forms of data, file types, and communication protocols for seamless integration. The system includes rig state determination, data quality verification, a real time Bayesian model for analytics and smart alarms, integration to the Daily Drilling Report (DDR) database, real-time visualizations, and an open application layer with a Human Machine Interface (HMI) - all at the rig site. Ultimately the platform can also be used as a building block to assist automated drilling due to it being a Supervisory Control Advisory and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system although this is not the goal for this project.
Human Factors Engineering in the Design and Deployment of a Novel Data Aggregation and Distribution System for Drilling Operations
Authors: Behounek Michael , Thetford Taylor , Yang Lisa , Hofer Evan , White Matthew , Ashok Pradeepkumar , Ambrus Adrian , Ramos Dawson 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Automated monitoring software only adds value when end users take the information and knowledge derived from software, and follow it up with actions. Within the drilling process, this is highly dependent on a few individuals on and off the rig. The objective is to reduce the dependence on those few individuals to create action, by designing and deploying a data aggregation and distribution system that inherently promotes proper action and leads to better performance. The key to the development of this system was a process of methodically determining the "who", the "what', the "when", the "why", the "where" and the "how" of disseminating the results of a real-time data analysis module. The analysis engine itself is an interchange-able modular unit running in the back ground, and does not disturb the human machine interface created on top of it. This effort was focused on understanding how the human computer boundary works, and aims towards maximizing the probability that the human (driller, company man, drilling engineer, etc.) will relate to computer generated information, understand and take action. Given that people are generally resistant to sudden changes, we followed a process of first building interfaces very similar to what they are used to, and then slowly modifying them as their confidence in the system increased. The need to modify displays in steps, necessitated a platform that allowed for easy modification and creation of displays. In the design of alerts, attention was given to data overload, salience, end user attention, interruptibility, and data visualization. The analysis engine needs be validated thoroughly, before the results are exposed to the end user. This is essential to achieving low false or missed alarm rates. The system is currently in operation on six rigs in North America. The paper details the various learnings as we have transitioned from our starting point to where we are now. Just as every well is different, every enterprise and the culture within is different, and this needs to be accounted for in setting up the human-computer interface. While multiple iterations may be needed before the enterprise workflow reaches a stable equilibrium, one does not have to wait until the end to reap the benefits.
Real-Time Drilling Optimization and Rig Activity-Based Models Deliver Best-In-Class Drilling Performance: Case History
Authors: Kumar Dev , Jarrett Cameron , Smith Gregory , Smith Mark , Cheatham Curtis , Kolstad Eric , Brooks Scott 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
This paper presents a case study for improving drilling performance by maximizing penetration rate while ensuring that hole conditions are not compromised. The overall aim was to identify and prevent invisible lost time (ILT) and nonproductive time (NPT) by means of pre-drill engineering studies and real-time drilling optimization. This process was conducted to deliver continuous improvement in a three-well drilling campaign in the East Texas Basin.
Prior to drilling the series of three wells in the East Texas Basin, a pre-drill study of information from offset wells was used to calibrate engineering models and identify opportunities for improvement. These were primarily identified by the analysis of mechanical specific energy (MSE) and rate of penetration (ROP) to create a driller's road map (DRM) to optimize parameters that can be controlled on the rig floor (rpm, WOB, flow rate). Calibrated torque and drag (T&D) and hydraulics models were developed to compare and monitor model versus actual (MvA) in real time.
During the actual drilling of the wells, potential areas of improvement were determined by analyzing MSE and evaluating ILT/NPT. Real-time MSE analysis was conducted during drilling operations to adjust parameters to increase ROP performance. ILT and NPT were reduced by focusing on connection times, optimizing hole cleaning to reduce trip times, increasing flow rate, and improving bit hydraulics. These analyses were used to generate a focused optimization plan to monitor hole conditions at high drilling rates. This plan was incorporated into a recommended real-time process for the wellsite team.
This case history is presented for a three-well development pad in the East Texas Basin. The first well of the campaign was drilled one day faster than the previous well had been drilled, and each subsequent well was delivered in a shorter time with an overall improvement of 30.9%. The Driller's Road Map was refined after each well as part of the continuous improvement process. As a result of improved hole cleaning, major sources of ILT were reduced by 47%. The improved hole cleaning was verified by real-time MvA correlation. The methodology described is being used successfully on other multi-well projects in unconventional reservoirs and other drilling market segments.
General Anaesthesia in a patient with Morvan's syndrome
Authors: Tufail Sabeen , Stacey Mark 
Published: March 2017

SummaryA 27 year old female with Morvan's syndrome presented for an elective laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy. Morvan's syndrome is a neurological disorder that results in central, autonomic and peripheral nervous system dysfunction. We outline our experience in anaesthetising a patient with this extremely rare condition and highlight the difficulties encountered when there is little written on the topic to guide anaesthetic management.
Pyroglutamic acidosis: an unusual cause of metabolic acidosis in a malnourished patient
Authors: Reed‐Poysden Carlen 
Published: March 2017

SummaryA 38‐year‐old man presented with confusion, breathlessness and marked metabolic derangement. His management necessitated the involvement of multiple specialties and led to a diagnosis of pyroglutamic acidosis secondary to chronic paracetamol use in a malnourished patient. The value of the corrected anion gap in metabolic acidosis and the mechanism and treatment of pyroglutamic acidosis are discussed. Treatment to correct metabolic abnormalities may be required before being able to illicit the correct diagnosis.
Update on Interventions in Prevention and Treatment of Pediatric Asthma
Authors: Calamelli Elisabetta , Bottau Paolo , Lanari Marcello 
Published: March 2017

Background:
Asthma represents a worldwide health problem with a strong morbidity
and a major impact on the health care system. Multiple efforts have been made towards
the development of new strategies for the prevention and treatment of this disorder. In the
light of this the present review of the literature aimed at summarizing the latest advances in
prevention and treatment of pediatric asthma with a focus on the most effective options of interventions
during the first stages of life.

Methods:
References were identified by searches of PubMed. Search terms used in the search
were “pediatric asthma”, “treatment” and “prevention”. We included only meta-analysis, randomized
controlled trials, reviews and systematic review articles pertaining to humans and
subjects aged 0-18 years. All the interventions have been classified as “non-pharmacological”
and “pharmacological”.

Results:
Non-pharmacological interventions have been focused in identifying the genetic and
environmental factors underlying the pathogenesis of this disease, including the individual
genetic susceptibility, the early allergic sensitization, the role of the environmental microbiome
and the exposure to infections and to pollutants. Moreover, the optimization of the existing
pharmacological strategies and the development of new treatment options have improved
markedly the management of this disease, thereby reducing the health care costs and
ameliorating the quality of life of patients.

Conclusion:
Childhood asthma prevention and treatment still represents a worldwide challenge.
Future efforts should be aimed at identifying high risk target populations, minimizing
the costs of each policy of intervention and increasing adherence to treatment strategies.
Organisasi Profesi Jurnalis dan Kode Etik Jurnalistik
Authors: Sulistyowati Fadjarini 
Published: March 2017

Abstract: If managed professionally, the function of the press will be maximum. A professionalism press will always keep the quality of the news, and this is depend on the capability of the journalist. A good journalist upholds the quality of the news and used it as an indicatorÂ whether the press function works well or not. It is because a good journalist will be very obedience to the application of the ethics code of his profession. To keep the journalistic code of ethics works, it is necessary to have a journalist organization. This organization ofÂ journalist profession to increase the press professionalism to the commitment to control the journalistic code of ethics.
Public Understanding and Communication Strategy Evaluation of Local Regulation No. 09 Year 2004 on Zero Child Labour Zone in Kutai Kartanegara Regency
Authors: Juwita Rina 
Published: March 2017

Abstract: Child labourÂ is aÂ universalÂ phenomenonÂ that occursÂ inÂ most parts of the world.Â IndonesiaÂ asÂ partÂ ofÂ developing countriesÂ cannot be separatedÂ fromÂ the issue,Â including KutaiÂ Kartanegara (Kukar) regency which is one ofÂ the richestÂ areasÂ in the country.Â Although Kukar regency is chosen as one of theÂ model in the eliminationÂ of child labour,Â this is accompaniedÂ byÂ peopleâ€™s understandingÂ onÂ Child Labor Free ZoneÂ programÂ enacted by theÂ localÂ government.Â This study tried to exploreÂ people's understanding ofÂ RegulationÂ No. 09/ 2004 onÂ ZBPAÂ andÂ evaluateÂ communication strategiesÂ effectively usedÂ toÂ buildÂ andÂ optimize theÂ sustainability ofÂ the program.Â It isÂ important asÂ publicÂ participationÂ can only be improvedÂ if the communication isÂ conductedÂ in a proper way.Â Abstrak: Pekerja anak merupakan fenomena universal yang terjadi di hampir seluruh belahan dunia. Indonesia sebagai bagian dari negara berkembang juga tidak terlepas dari masalah ini, termasuk didalamnya Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara yang merupakan salah satu daerah terkaya di negeri ini. Terpilihnya Kab Kukar sebagai salah satu daerah model pengentasan pekerja anak, ternyata tidak dibarengi dengan pemahaman masyarakatnya mengenai program Zona Bebas Pekerja Anak yang diusung pemerintah setempat. Penelitian ini mencoba menggali pemahaman masyarakat terhadap Perda No 09/2004 tentang ZBPA, dan kemudian mengevaluasi strategi komunikasi yang efektif digunakan untuk membangun dan memaksimalkan keberlangsungan program tersebut. Hal ini penting untuk dilakukan mengingat partisipasi publik hanya dapat dibangun jika komunikasi dilangsungkan dengan cara yang tepat.
On the Polish Roots of the Analytic Philosophy of Religion
Authors: Pouivet Roger 
Published: March 2017

Philosophers of religion of the Cracow Circle (1934-1944) are the principal precursors of what is now called the analytic philosophy of religion. The widespread claim that the analytic philosophy of religion was from the beginning an Anglo-American affair is an ill-informed one. It is demonstrable that the enterprise, although not the label “analytic philosophy of religion,” appeared in Poland in the 1930’s. Józef Bocheński’s post-war work is a development of the Cracow Circle’s pre-war work in the analytic philosophy of religion, or at least of important elements of that earlier work. Bocheński’s approach in his Logic of Religion is quite original and might still be profitably studied and discussed by philosophers of religion of the analytic persuasion.