bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vertically‐Oriented and Shape‐Tailored Electrocatalytic Metal Nanowire Arrays for Enzyme‐Free Galactosemia Rapid Diagnosis
Authors: García‐Carmona Laura , González María Cristina , Escarpa Alberto 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMetallic catalytic nanowires such as nickel and copper nanowires (NWs) for electrochemical detection of carbohydrates involved in metabolic rare diseases are proposed. NWs were electrodeposited using a polycarbonate membrane template, which was cut with the desired shape, stuck in double‐sided adhesive tape, pasted into a non‐conductive substrate and in situ removed. This simple and versatile approach allowed to obtain NWs vertically oriented (v‐NWs), which are contained in the double‐sided adhesive tape, becoming highly versatile. The high specific surface of working electrode in which the transduction is supported exclusively by the nanomaterial yielded a high analytical performance [extremely low fouling for galactose (RSD<2 %; n=25)]. Likewise, v‐NWs exhibited a superior analytical performance with respect to commercial sputtered thick‐film electrodes showing also a clear advantage related with the price, as well as with non‐need clean room facilities. The analytical potency of the new approach was clearly demonstrated towards the fast and reliable diagnosis of galactosemia using precious newborn urine samples compared to standard clinical diagnosis. These results revealed new opportunities for future enzyme‐free diagnosis and development of future point‐of‐care applications.
Total Synthesis of (−)‐Morphine
Authors: Umihara Hirotatsu , Yokoshima Satoshi , Inoue Masayuki , Fukuyama Tohru 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAsymmetric total synthesis of (−)‐morphine has been accomplished in 18 steps from commercially available 7‐methoxy‐2‐tetralone. Our synthesis features a simple transformation from a readily prepared chiral intermediate, construction of the E‐ring by acid‐mediated cyclization, and singlet oxygen‐mediated manipulation of the C‐ring. Transformation of the final stage involves construction of the morphinan skeleton by means of 1,6‐addition of in situ generated secondary amine.
Thermal Energy Storage Integration Based on Pinch Analysis – Methodology and Application
Authors: Olsen Donald , Liem Peter , Abdelouadoud Yasmina , Wellig Beat 
Published: April 2017

AbstractReducing thermal energy use in industry is an effective way to improve energy efficiency. Process integration methods tackle this challenge, of which pinch analysis is a popular approach for identifying direct heat recovery measures. Many processes are batch processes that can profit from indirect heat recovery using thermal energy storage (TES). This paper presents a systematic conceptual TES integration methodology. In addition, functionality to support this methodology has been implemented in the PinCH software and is presented in a case study.
MOSAIC – Enabling Large‐Scale Equation‐Based Flow Sheet Optimization
Authors: Esche Erik , Hoffmann Christian , Illner Markus , Müller David , Fillinger Sandra , Tolksdorf Gregor , Bonart Henning , Wozny Günter , Repke Jens‐Uwe 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDedicated software exists for both process simulation and optimization. Given the advantages of simultaneous optimization schemes, engineers are frequently tasked with reimplementing their simulation models in optimization languages or environments. In this contribution, a workflow is introduced to model chemical engineering models in MathML and to have an automatic code generation for both specialized simulation and optimization tools. Two examples are given to highlight the performance of this workflow implemented in the modeling, simulation, and optimization environment MOSAIC.
Facile Synthesis of Mo2C Nanocrystals Embedded in Nanoporous Carbon Network for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Chen Yuyun , Zhang Yun , Ma Yuling , Tang Tang , Dai Zhihui , Hu Jinsong , Wan Lijun 
Published: April 2017

AbstractExploring facile and easily‐scalable methods for synthesizing earth‐abundant, cost‐effective and efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts is essential for the mass production of hydrogen as a clean and sustainable energy carrier. We report here a simple strategy to produce Mo2C nanocrystals embedded in carbon network (Mo2C@C) by the direct pyrolysis of ammonium molybdate and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). It is found that PVP can be effectively used as a single source to form carbides and carbon network. The long polymer chain and coordinating capability with transition metal of PVP make it possible to form connected porous carbon network and well‐dispersed Mo2C nanocrystals in several nanometers. The carbonization of PVP not only effectively in‐situ prevents the aggregation of Mo2C nanocrystals during their formation, but also provides conductive porous matrix. As a result, the Mo2C@C composite exhibits the superior electrocatalytic performance for HER, which can be ascribed to the large number of active sites from plenty of small Mo2C nanocrystals and the efficient mass and electron transport network from carbon matrix. This strategy may inspire the exploration of cost‐effective functional polymer as single source for both carbon precursor and nanostructure‐directed reagent to mass‐produce well‐defined metal carbides nanostructures embedded in porous carbon network for energy applications.
Depth‐weighted robust multivariate regression with application to sparse data
Authors: Dutta Subhajit , Genton Marc G. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA robust method for multivariate regression is developed based on robust estimators of the joint location and scatter matrix of the explanatory and response variables using the notion of data depth. The multivariate regression estimator possesses desirable affine equivariance properties, achieves the best breakdown point of any affine equivariant estimator, and has an influence function which is bounded in both the response as well as the predictor variable. To increase the efficiency of this estimator, a re‐weighted estimator based on robust Mahalanobis distances of the residual vectors is proposed. In practice, the method is more stable than existing methods that are constructed using subsamples of the data. The resulting multivariate regression technique is computationally feasible, and turns out to perform better than several popular robust multivariate regression methods when applied to various simulated data as well as a real benchmark data set. When the data dimension is quite high compared to the sample size it is still possible to use meaningful notions of data depth along with the corresponding depth values to construct a robust estimator in a sparse setting. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 45: 164–184; 2017 © 2017 Statistical Society of Canada
Tumor suppressor tropomyosin Tpm2.1 regulates sensitivity to apoptosis beyond anoikis characterized by changes in the levels of intrinsic apoptosis proteins
Authors: Desouza‐Armstrong Melissa , Gunning Peter W. , Stehn Justine R. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe actin cytoskeleton is a polymer system that acts both as a sensor and mediator of apoptosis. Tropomyosins (Tpm) are a family of actin binding proteins that form co‐polymers with actin and diversify actin filament function. Previous studies have shown that elevated expression of the tropomyosin isoform Tpm2.1 sensitized cells to apoptosis induced by cell detachment (anoikis) via an unknown mechanism. It is not yet known whether Tpm2.1 or other tropomyosin isoforms regulate sensitivity to apoptosis beyond anoikis. In this study, rat neuroepithelial cells overexpressing specific tropomyosin isoforms (Tpm1.7, Tpm2.1, Tpm3.1, and Tpm4.2) were screened for sensitivity to different classes of apoptotic stimuli, including both cytoskeletal and non‐cytoskeletal targeting compounds. Results showed that elevated expression of tropomyosins in general inhibited apoptosis sensitivity to different stimuli. However, Tpm2.1 overexpression consistently enhanced sensitivity to anoikis as well as apoptosis induced by the actin targeting drug jasplakinolide (JASP). In contrast the cancer‐associated isoform Tpm3.1 inhibited the induction of apoptosis by a range of agents. Treatment of Tpm2.1 overexpressing cells with JASP was accompanied by enhanced sensitivity to mitochondrial depolarization, a hallmark of intrinsic apoptosis. Moreover, Tpm2.1 overexpressing cells showed elevated levels of the apoptosis proteins Bak (proapoptotic), Mcl‐1 (prosurvival), Bcl‐2 (prosurvival) and phosphorylated p53 (Ser392). Finally, JASP treatment of Tpm2.1 cells caused significantly reduced Mcl‐1, Bcl‐2 and p53 (Ser392) levels relative to control cells. We therefore propose that Tpm2.1 regulates sensitivity to apoptosis beyond the scope of anoikis by modulating the expression of key intrinsic apoptosis proteins which primes the cell for death.
Serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D, vitamin D binding protein, and prostate cancer risk in black men
Authors: Layne Tracy M. , Weinstein Stephanie J. , Graubard Barry I. , Ma Xiaomei , Mayne Susan T. , Albanes Demetrius 
Published: April 2017

BACKGROUNDFew studies have prospectively examined the relationship between vitamin D status and prostate cancer risk in black men, a group at high risk for both low vitamin D status and prostate cancer.METHODSAmong black men in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial, we identified 226 prostate cancer cases and 452 controls matched on age at randomization (±5 years), date of blood draw (±30 days), calendar year of cohort entry, and time since baseline prostate cancer screening (±1 year). Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], vitamin D binding protein (DBP), the 25(OH)D:DBP molar ratio, and prostate cancer risk.RESULTSSerum 25(OH)D was not associated with overall prostate cancer (Q4 vs Q1: OR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.40‐1.33; P for trend = .25), although there were apparent inverse associations for nonaggressive disease (global P = .03, clinical stage I/II, and Gleason score <7) and among men ≥62 years old (P for interaction = .04) that were restricted to Q3. Interestingly, serum DBP was significantly inversely associated with prostate cancer risk (Q4 vs Q1: OR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.20‐1.00; P for trend = .03), whereas the 25(OH)D:DBP molar ratio was not. Results were similar when we mutually adjusted for 25(OH)D and DBP, and we found no evidence of interaction between the two.CONCLUSIONOur study suggests higher (versus lower) circulating DBP may be independently associated with a decreased prostate cancer risk in black men independent of 25(OH)D status. Cancer 2017;123:2698‐704. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Alternative lengthening of telomeres and ATRX/DAXX loss can be reliably detected in FNAs of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: VandenBussche Christopher J. , Allison Derek B. , Graham Mindy K. , Charu Vivek , Lennon Anne Marie , Wolfgang Christopher L. , Hruban Ralph H. , Heaphy Christopher M. 
Published: April 2017

BACKGROUNDPancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) frequently use the alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) pathway for telomere maintenance. ALT is strongly correlated with α thalassemia‐mental retardation, X linked (ATRX), and death domain‐associated protein 6 (DAXX) alterations and a poor prognosis in patients with primary PanNET. Because fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) is a noninvasive way to sample tumors, the authors evaluated whether they could accurately detect ALT and loss of ATRX/DAXX in a primary PanNET cohort of FNAs.METHODSAll preoperative FNA cytology cases (2005‐2016) with adequate remnant FNA cell block material were assessed for ALT by telomere‐specific fluorescence in situ hybridization and for ATRX and DAXX protein expression by immunohistochemistry. For 21 patients who underwent tumor resection, the resected specimen also was assessed to determine the concordance between the FNA and surgical specimens.RESULTSIn the primary PanNET cohort of 65 FNAs, ALT was detected in 15 specimens (23%). Although all ATRX‐negative and DAXX‐negative tumors were ALT‐positive, 3 of 14 (21%) ALT‐positive tumors did not exhibit nuclear loss of either ATRX or DAXX. The ALT‐positive tumors were associated with larger radiographic size (4.9 vs 2.4 cm, on average; P < .05) and higher grade (P < .05). Overall, there was 100% concordance in ALT status and ATRX/DAXX immunohistochemistry results between the FNA and surgical specimens.CONCLUSIONSBoth ALT and loss of ATRX/DAXX can be accurately performed on FNA specimens with adequate material. Because ALT is a fundamental mechanism of pathogenesis, the ability to determine ALT in small biospecimens has implications for the design of clinical trials. Cancer Cytopathol 2017;125:544–51. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Performance of CuII‐, PbII‐, and HgII‐Exchanged Mordenite in the Adsorption of I2, ICH3, H2O, CO, ClCH3, and Cl2: A Density Functional Study
Authors: Chibani Siwar , Medlej Israa , Lebègue Sébastien , Ángyán János G. , Cantrel Laurent , Badawi Michael 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPeriodic dispersion‐corrected DFT is used to investigate the adsorption of I2 and ICH3, which may be released during a severe nuclear accident, for three divalent cation (Cu2+, Pb2+ and Hg2+)‐exchanged mordenites with an Si/Al ratio of 23. Gases such as H2O, CO, ClCH3, and Cl2 present in the containment atmosphere can inhibit the selective adsorption of iodine species. To identify the most promising adsorbents, a systematic study is performed in which all the possible cationic sites in the main channel of the mordenite structure are considered. For the energetically most stable sites, the divalent cation is located in the small rings (five‐ or six‐membered) containing two Al atoms, while in the energetically less stable configurations, the two Al atoms are far apart (>7 Å) and the cation is close to only one Al atom. Upon adsorption of the various molecules, the coordination number of the cation decreases with increasing interaction energy, as the molecules can attract the divalent cations from the framework. Finally, the computed interaction energies show that Hg‐mordenite (MOR) could be a suitable material for selective adsorption of volatile iodine species, contrary to Cu‐MOR and Pb‐MOR.
Characterization and Functional Analysis of Mouse Semi‐invariant Natural T Cells
Authors: Kumar Amrendra , Bezbradica Jelena S. , Stanic Aleksandar K. , Joyce Sebastian 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSemi‐invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are CD1d‐restricted innate‐like lymphocytes that recognize lipid agonists. Activated iNKT cells have immunoregulatory properties. Human and mouse iNKT cell functions elicited by different glycolipid agonists are highly conserved, making the mouse an excellent animal model for understanding iNKT cell biology in vivo. This unit describes basic methods for the characterization and quantification (see Basic Protocol 1) and functional analysis of mouse iNKT cells in vivo or in vitro. This unit also contains protocols that describe enrichment and purification of iNKT cells, generation of CD1d tetramer, and lipid antigen loading onto cell‐bound and soluble CD1d for activation of NKT cell hybridomas. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Basic Multicolor Flow Cytometry
Authors: Maciorowski Zofia , Chattopadhyay Pratip K. , Jain Paresh 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMulticolor flow cytometry is a rapidly evolving technology that uses multiple fluorescent markers to identify and characterize cellular subpopulations of interest, allowing rapid analysis on tens of thousands of cells per second, with the possibility of isolating pure, viable populations by cell sorting for further experimentation. This unit covers the tools needed by the beginning immunologist to plan and run multicolor experiments, with information on fluorochromes and their characteristics, spectral spillover, compensation and spread, instrument and reagent variables, and the basic elements of multicolor panel design. Protocols to quantify and maximize sensitivity by titration of reagents and optimization of instrument settings, as well as basic surface and intracellular cell staining, are included. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Self‐Assembly of Manganese(II)–Phytate Coordination Polymers: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Physicochemical Properties
Authors: Quiñone Delfina , Veiga Nicolás , Torres Julia , Bazzicalupi Carla , Bianchi Antonio , Kremer Carlos 
Published: April 2017

Abstractmyo‐Inositol phosphates are an important group of biomolecules that are present in all eukaryotic cells. The most abundant member of this family in nature is InsP6(phytate, L12−in its fully deprotonated form). Phytate interacts strongly with inorganic and organic cations, and this interaction is essential for determining the possible functions of this biomolecule. Herein, the chemical, thermodynamic, and structural characterization of phytate–MnIIspecies is presented in a study aimed at understanding how the interaction of the two components modulates their biological roles and their bioavailability. Polynuclear complexes Mn5(H2L)⋅16 H2O (1) and (H2terpy)2[Mn(H6L)(terpy)(H2O)]⋅17 H2O (terpy=terpyridine) (2) were prepared and characterized by different techniques. The isolation of1and the determination of its solubility, together with potentiometric titrations of the MnII–phytate system, allow the full description of this binary system. The preparation and crystal structure of2show a novel coordination mode of phytate, that is, the formation of infinite polymeric chains through equatorial phosphate groups.
Self‐Assembled Liquid‐Crystalline Ion Conductors in Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells: Effects of Molecular Sensitizers on Their Performance
Authors: Högberg Daniel , Soberats Bartolome , Yoshio Masafumi , Mizumura Yurika , Uchida Satoshi , Kloo Lars , Segawa Hiroshi , Kato Takashi 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDye‐sensitized solar cells employing nonvolatile liquid‐crystalline (LC) electrolytes that form nanostructures capable of efficient ion transport are reported. The LC electrolyte consists of a cyclic carbonate‐functionalized mesogen and an iodide‐based ionic liquid that nanosegregates into lamellar structures exhibiting over four times higher ion conductivities parallel to the layers than perpendicular to the layers. The self‐assembled ion pathways allow efficient ion transport in the semi‐solid LC state. When used together with organic dyes, DSSCs employing these LC electrolytes show higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) than metal–organic dyes. This behavior is not observed for devices containing standard liquid electrolytes. The higher PCEs of the LC‐based devices can be attributed to longer electron lifetimes (τ) and higher electron densities in the photoelectrodes. The high concentration of iodide ions in the nanostructured pathways of the LC electrolyte is thought to induce reductive quenching of the ruthenium‐based sensitizer, which competes with the electron injection process and lowers the τ and electron densities of the TiO2.
Transcriptome‐wide Identification of RNA‐binding Protein Binding Sites Using Photoactivatable‐Ribonucleoside‐Enhanced Crosslinking Immunoprecipitation (PAR‐CLIP)
Authors: Maatz Henrike , Kolinski Marcin , Hubner Norbert , Landthaler Markus 
Published: April 2017

AbstractRNA‐binding proteins (RBPs) mediate important co‐ and post‐transcriptional gene regulation by binding pre‐mRNA in a sequence‐ and/or structure‐specific manner. For a comprehensive understanding of RBP function, transcriptome‐wide mapping of the RNA‐binding sites is essential, and CLIP‐seq methods have been developed to elucidate protein/RNA interactions at high resolution. CLIP‐seq combines protein/RNA UV‐crosslinking with immunoprecipitation (CLIP) followed by high‐throughput sequencing of crosslinked RNA fragments. To overcome the limitations of low RNA‐protein crosslinking efficiency in standard CLIP‐seq, photoactivatable‐ribonucleoside‐enhanced CLIP (PAR‐CLIP) has been developed. Here, living cells or whole organisms are fed photo‐activatable nucleoside analogs that are incorporated into nascent RNA transcripts before UV treatment. This allows greater crosslinking efficiency at comparable radiation doses for enhanced RNA recovery and separation of crosslinked target RNA fragments from background RNA degradation products. Moreover, it facilitates the generation of specific UV‐induced mutations that mark the crosslinking nucleotide and allow transcriptome‐wide identification of RBP binding sites at single‐nucleotide resolution. © by 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Preparing Viable Single Cells from Human Tissue and Tumors for Cytomic Analysis
Authors: Leelatian Nalin , Doxie Deon B. , Greenplate Allison R. , Sinnaeve Justine , Ihrie Rebecca A. , Irish Jonathan M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMass cytometry is a single‐cell biology technique that samples >500 cells per second, measures >35 features per cell, and is sensitive across a dynamic range of >104 relative intensity units per feature. This combination of technical assets has powered a series of recent cytomic studies where investigators used mass cytometry to measure protein and phospho‐protein expression in millions of cells, characterize rare cell types in healthy and diseased tissues, and reveal novel, unexpected cells. However, these advances largely occurred in studies of blood, lymphoid tissues, and bone marrow, since the cells in these tissues are readily obtained in single‐cell suspensions. This unit establishes a primer for single‐cell analysis of solid tumors and tissues, and has been tested with mass cytometry. The cells obtained from these protocols can be fixed for study, cryopreserved for long‐term storage, or perturbed ex vivo to dissect responses to stimuli and inhibitors. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Zeolites as sustainable catalysts for the selective synthesis of renewable bisphenols from lignin‐derived monomers
Authors: Ferrini Paola , Koelewijn Steven‐Friso , Van Aelst Joost , Nuttens Nicolas , Sels Bert F. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAlternative biobased bisphenols from lignocellulosic biomass are not only favorable to reduce the environmental impact of current petroleum‐derived plastics, but they can be simultaneously beneficial for health issues related to bisphenol A (BPA). Additionally, conventional BPA synthesis entails a large excess of unrecoverable homogeneous acid catalyst (e.g., HCl) or unrecyclable thermolabile sulfonated resins. In this report, zeolites are proposed as recoverable and thermally stable solid acids for the Brønsted‐acid‐catalyzed condensation between 4‐methylguaiacol and formaldehyde to selectively produce renewable bisphenols. It is found that the Brønsted‐acid‐site density plays a pivotal role for catalyst performance. In particular, the cheap and environmentally friendly FAU 40 exhibits outstanding activity (turnover frequency of 496 h−1) and selectivity (>95 %), outperforming even the best benchmark catalyst. Additionally, the zeolite can be easily recycled without activity loss after regeneration by coke burn‐off. The catalytic zeolite system also seems very promising for other lignin‐derived alkylphenols, alkylguaiacols, and alkylsyringols.
Metal‐Free Synthesis of N‐Aryl Amides using Organocatalytic Ring‐Opening Aminolysis of Lactones
Authors: Guo Wusheng , Gómez José Enrique , Martínez‐Rodríguez Luis , Bandeira Nuno A. G. , Bo Carles , Kleij Arjan W. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractCatalytic ring‐opening of bio‐sourced non‐strained lactones with aromatic amines can offer a straightforward, 100 % atom‐economical, and sustainable pathway towards relevant N‐aryl amide scaffolds. Herein, the first general, metal‐free, and highly efficient N‐aryl amide formation is reported from poorly reactive aromatic amines and non‐strained lactones under mild operating conditions using an organic bicyclic guanidine catalyst. This protocol has high application potential as exemplified by the formal syntheses of drug‐relevant molecules.