bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Angiotensin II Causes Apoptosis of Adult Hippocampal Neural Stem Cells and Memory Impairment Through the Action on AMPK-PGC1α Signaling in Heart Failure
Authors: Kim Min-Seok , Lee Geun-Hee , Kim Yong-Min , Lee Byoung-Wook , Nam Hae Yun , Sim U-Cheol , Choo Suk-Jung , Yu Seong-Woon , Kim Jae-Joong , Kim Kwon Yunhee , Who Kim Seong 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Data are limited on the mechanisms underlying memory impairment in heart failure (HF). We hypothesized that angiotensin II (Ang II) may determine the fate of adult hippocampal neural stem cells (HCNs), a cause of memory impairment in HF. HCNs with neurogenesis potential were isolated and cultured from adult rat hippocampi. Ang II decreased HCN proliferation in dose- and time-dependent manners. Moreover, Ang II treatment (1 µM) for 48 hours induced apoptotic death, which was attenuated by pretreatment with Ang II receptor blockers (ARBs). Ang II increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, which was related to mitochondrial morphological changes and functional impairment. Moreover, ROS activated the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and consequent peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α) expression, causing cell apoptosis. In the HF rat model induced by left anterior descending artery ligation, ARB ameliorated the spatial memory ability which decreased 10 weeks after ischemia. In addition, neuronal cell death, especially of newly born mature neurons, was observed in HF rat hippocampi. ARB decreased cell death and promoted the survival of newly born neural precursor cells and mature neurons. In conclusion, Ang II caused HCN apoptosis through mitochondrial ROS formation and subsequent AMPK-PGC1α signaling. ARB improved learning and memory behaviors impaired by neuronal cell death in the HF animal model. These findings suggest that HCN is one treatment target for memory impairment in HF and that ARBs have additional benefits in HF combined with memory impairment.
Very long‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase (VLCAD‐) deficiency–studies on treatment effects and long‐term outcomes in mouse models
Authors: Tucci Sara 
Published: February 2017

AbstractVery‐long‐chain‐acyl‐CoA‐dehydrogenase deficiency is the most common disorder of mitochondrial long‐chain fatty acid (LCFA) oxidation, with an incidence of 1:50,000‐1:100,000 in newborns. Catabolic situations contribute to the aggravation of symptoms and induce severe metabolic derangement. Treatment for VLCAD‐deficiency includes avoidance of fasting and a long‐chain fat‐restricted and fat‐modified diet in which LCFAs are fully or partially replaced by medium‐chain triglycerides (MCT). The aim of this work was to investigate the outcome and the effects of long‐term treatment in a mouse model of VLCAD‐deficiency. The application of a single MCT bolus in a mouse model of VLCAD‐deficiency (VLCAD−/− mice) immediately prior to exercise protected the muscles from the accumulation of acylcarnitines providing the required energy and it did not affect hepatic lipid metabolism. However, when MCT was applied over the course of a year as a regular part of the diet, female VLCAD−/− mice developed a severe clinical phenotype comparable to the human metabolic syndrome. Indeed, they were characterized by massive visceral fat infiltration, hepatosteatosis, disturbed fatty acid composition, hyperlipidemia, and systemic oxidative stress. In contrast, male VLCAD−/− mice seemed to be protected and displayed only signs of insulin resistance. Besides the sex‐specific response to MCT supplementation with regard to the lipid metabolism, all VLCAD−/− mice developed progressive cardiac dysfunction over time which worsened when they were treated with regular MCT resulting in severe dilated cardiomyopathy. While long term use of MCT oil in mice has adverse effects, no such effects have been demonstrated in humans, likely reflecting the differences in long chain fatty acid oxidation between the two species.
Unmasking identity dissonance: exploring medical students’ professional identity formation through mask making
Authors: Joseph Kimera , Bader Karlen , Wilson Sara , Walker Melissa , Stephens Mark , Varpio Lara 
Published: February 2017

Purpose Professional identity formation is an on-going, integrative process underlying trainees’ experiences of medical education. Since each medical student’s professional identity formation process is an individual, internal, and often times emotionally charged unconscious experience, it can be difficult for educators to understand each student’s unique experience. We investigate if mask making can provide learners and educators the opportunity to explore medical students’ professional identity formation experiences.
Methods In 2014 and 2015, 30 third year medical students created masks, with a brief accompanying written narrative, to creatively express their medical education experiences. Using a paradigmatic case selection approach, four masks were analyzed using techniques from visual rhetoric and the Listening Guide.
Results The research team clearly detected identity dissonance in each case. Each case provided insights into the unique personal experiences of the dissonance process for each trainee at a particular point in their medical school training.
Conclusions We propose that mask making accompanied by a brief narrative reflection can help educators identify students experiencing identity dissonance, and explore each student’s unique experience of that dissonance. The process of making these artistic expressions may also provide a form of intervention that can enable educators to help students navigate professional identity formation and identity dissonance experiences.
Facilitating admissions of diverse students: A&nbsp;six-point, evidence-informed framework for pipeline and program development
Authors: Young Meredith E. , Thomas Aliki , Varpio Lara , Razack Saleem I. , Hanson Mark D. , Slade Steve , Dayem Katharine L. , McKnight David J. 
Published: February 2017

Introduction Several national level calls have encouraged reconsideration of diversity issues in medical education. Particular interest has been placed on admissions, as decisions made here shape the nature of the future physician workforce. Critical analysis of current practices paired with evidence-informed policies may counter some of the barriers impeding access for underrepresented groups. Methods We present a framework for diversity-related program development and evaluation grounded within a knowledge translation framework, and supported by the initiation of longitudinal collection of diversity-related data. We provide an illustrative case study for each component of the framework. Descriptive analyses are presented of pre/post intervention diversity metrics if applicable and available. Results The framework’s focal points are: 1) data-driven identification of underrepresented groups, 2) pipeline development and targeted recruitment, 3) ensuring an inclusive process, 4) ensuring inclusive assessment, 5) ensuring inclusive selection, and 6) iterative use of diversity-related data. Case studies ranged from wording changes on admissions websites to the establishment of educational and administrative offices addressing needs of underrepresented populations. Conclusions We propose that diversity-related data must be collected on a variety of markers, developed in partnership with stakeholders who are most likely to facilitate implementation of best practices and new policies.
What it feels like to be me: Linking emotional intelligence, identity, and intimacy☆
Authors: Maher Hemali , Winston Christine N. , S. Usha Rani 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTThe search for the self and for an intimate other are the normative tasks of adolescence and early adulthood. The role of emotions in the resolution of these developmental tasks, however, remains largely under‐studied, especially in non‐western cultures. The objective of the present study, therefore, was to examine the relationships between emotional intelligence, identity, and intimacy, among Indian adolescents. Differences across genders (boys vs. girls) and types of school (gender segregated vs. integrated) were also explored. A sample of 486 adolescents completed measures of emotional intelligence, identity, and intimacy. Girls scored higher than boys on intimacy, and those from segregated schools scored higher, than those from integrated schools, on emotional intelligence. Significant relationships emerged between emotional intelligence, and identity and intimacy, and were invariant across the groups. These findings underscore the pivotal role that emotional intelligence plays in healthy adolescent development, irrespective of personal and environmental variables.
Droplets in turbulence: a new perspective
Authors: Maxey Martin R. 
Published: February 2017

Stirring olive oil and vinegar to make salad dressing creates an emulsion of vinegar droplets in oil. More vigorous stirring gives smaller droplets, while if left to sit the droplets will begin to coalesce and the two fluids will separate. In this vein, Dodd & Ferrante (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 806, 2016, pp. 356–412) present a new analysis of how homogeneous turbulence in a carrier fluid interacts with a suspension of droplets of an immiscible liquid. Based on a set of direct numerical simulations, the authors provide new insights on how turbulence affects the motion of the droplets, their shape and size; then in turn how the droplets alter the flow including effects of interfacial surface energy on the kinetic energy of the flow.
The role of preservation on the quantification of morphology and patterns of disparity within Paleozoic echinoderms
Authors: Deline Bradley , Thomka James R. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe loss of information resulting from taphonomic degradation could represent a significant bias in the study of morphological diversity. This potential bias is even more concerning given the uneven effect of taphonomy across taxonomic groups, depositional facies, and stratigraphic successions and in response to secular changes through the Phanerozoic. The effect of taphonomic degradation is examined using character-based morphological data sets describing disparity in Paleozoic crinoids and blastozoans. Characters were sequentially excluded from the analyses following progressive taphonomic loss to determine how morphologic metrics, such as the relative distribution of taxa in morphospace and partial disparity, changed with increasing taphonomic alteration. Blastozoans showed very little change in these metrics with decreasing preservational quality, which is a result of characters that create distance in morphospace being recognizable in isolated plates. The opposite result is present in crinoids as the characters that are important in structuring the morphospace require intact modules (i.e., the calyx) to accurately assess. Temporal and stratigraphic trends produced encouraging results in that patterns could be largely recovered even with exaggerated taphonomic biases. However, certain parts of a stratigraphic sequence should be avoided and morphological outliers could potentially play a larger role through time, though both of these biases can be easily identified and avoided. The methods presented in this study provide a way to assess potential taphonomic biases in character-based studies of morphological diversity.
The N3 potential and the efferent cochlear pathway in profound sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Abou-Elew M H , Hosni N A , Obaid E A , Ewida A H 
Published: February 2017

AbstractObjective:This study aimed to evaluate the presence of the N3 potential (acoustically evoked short latency negative response) in profound sensorineural hearing loss, its association with the cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential and the relationship between both potentials and loss of auditory function.Methods:Otological examinations of 66 ears from 50 patients aged from 4 to 36 years were performed, and the vestibular evoked myogenic potential and auditory brainstem response were measured.Results:The N3 potential was recorded in 36 out of 66 ears (55 per cent) and a vestibular evoked myogenic potential was recorded in 34 (52 per cent). The N3 potential was recorded in 23 out of 34 ears (68 per cent) with a vestibular evoked myogenic potential response and absent in 19 out of 32 ears (59 per cent) without a vestibular evoked myogenic potential response. The presence of an N3 potential was significantly associated with a vestibular evoked myogenic potential response (p= 0.028), but there was no significant difference in the latency or amplitude of the N3 potential in either the presence or absence of a vestibular evoked myogenic potential.Conclusion:The presence of an N3 potential in profound sensorineural hearing loss with good or poor vestibular function can be explained by the contribution of the efferent cochlear pathway through olivocochlear fibres that join the inferior vestibular nerve. This theory is supported by its early latency and reversed polarity, which is masked in normal hearing by auditory brainstem response waves.
A MAYACURIA REGIS: EVIDENCE FOR A HIERARCHICAL SPECIALIST ORDER AT XULTUN, GUATEMALA
Authors: Saturno William , Rossi Franco D. , Stuart David , Hurst Heather 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis article presents an in-depth analysis of an important mural painting discovered within Structure 10K2 of the Los Sabios Group at the Classic Maya site of Xultun, Guatemala. We first discuss the composition of the mural scene and its central protagonist, a Late Classic period (a.d.550–900) ruler of Xultun named Yax We'nel Chan K'inich, suggesting that it presents a ritual performance associated with an ancient New Year ceremony. Several attendant figures in the mural are labeled as members of a specialist order or category calledTaaj, “obsidian,” and are marked by an unusual shared appearance. This “obsidian order” exhibits internal hierarchical ranking and is attested at other Classic Maya centers. In addition to discussing the overall content of the Xultun mural scene, we conduct a focused inquiry into these variousTaajindividuals by presenting associated archaeological evidence and considering related epigraphic data. Through this analysis of theTaaj, we shed light on a previously unknown aspect of Maya courtly life and organization that is relevant to models of sovereignty, governance, and ritual performance in the Classic Maya world.
Vitamin D deficiency is common and is associated with overweight in Mexican children aged 1–11 years
Authors: Flores Amada , Flores Mario , Macias Nayeli , Hernández-Barrera Lucía , Rivera Marta , Contreras Alejandra , Villalpando Salvador 
Published: February 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo assess vitamin D dietary sources, intake and 25-hydroxyvitamin D status and their association with individual and sociodemographic characteristics in Mexican children.DesignData obtained from 2695 children aged 1–11 years from the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey (2012) were analysed. Diet was assessed by a 141-item FFQ. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D was measured by a chemiluminescent assay.ResultsMean vitamin D intake was 3·38 (se 0·09) µg/d (135·2 (se 3·6) IU/d) among pre-school children and 2·85 (se 0·06) µg/d (114·0 (se 2·4) IU/d) in school-age children. Milk accounted for 64·4 % of vitamin D intake in pre-school children and 54·7 % in school-age children. Vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D<50 nmol/l) was 25·9 % in pre-schoolers and 36·6 % in school-age children. Overweight/obese school-age children had a higher risk of vitamin D deficiency compared with normal-weight children (OR=2·23; 95 % CI 1·36, 3·66; P<0·05).ConclusionsVitamin D intakes are low in Mexican children, and milk is the main source of the vitamin. Vitamin D deficiency is common and associated with overweight in school-age children.
Laws, norms, and the Institutional Analysis and Development framework
Authors: COLE DANIEL H. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractElinor Ostrom's Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework has been described as ‘one of the most developed and sophisticated attempts to use institutional and stakeholder assessment in order to link theory and practice, analysis and policy’. But not all elements in the framework are sufficiently well developed. This paper focuses on one such element: the ‘rules-in-use’ (a.k.a. ‘rules’ or ‘working rules’). Specifically, it begins a long-overdue conversation about relations between formal legal rules and ‘working rules’ by offering a tentative and very simple typology of relations. Type 1: Some formal legal rules equal or approximate the working rules; Type 2: Some legal rules plus (or emended by) widely held social norms equal or approximate the working rules; and Type 3: Some legal rules bear no evident relation to the working rules. Several examples, including some previously used by Ostrom, are provided to illustrate each of the three types, which can be conceived of as nodes or ranges along a continuum. The paper concludes with a call for empirical research, especially case studies and meta-analyses, to determine the relevant scope of each of these types of relations, and to provide data for furthering our understanding of how different types of rules, from various sources, function (or not) as institutions.
Signatures of personality on dense 3D facial images
Authors: Hu Sile , Xiong Jieyi , Fu Pengcheng , Qiao Lu , Tan Jingze , Jin Li , Tang Kun 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIt has long been speculated that cues on the human face exist that allow observers to make reliable judgments of others’ personality traits. However, direct evidence of association between facial shapes and personality is missing from the current literature. This study assessed the personality attributes of 834 Han Chinese volunteers (405 males and 429 females), utilising the five-factor personality model (‘Big Five’), and collected their neutral 3D facial images. Dense anatomical correspondence was established across the 3D facial images in order to allow high-dimensional quantitative analyses of the facial phenotypes. In this paper, we developed a Partial Least Squares (PLS) -based method. We used composite partial least squares component (CPSLC) to test association between the self-tested personality scores and the dense 3D facial image data, then used principal component analysis (PCA) for further validation. Among the five personality factors, agreeableness and conscientiousness in males and extraversion in females were significantly associated with specific facial patterns. The personality-related facial patterns were extracted and their effects were extrapolated on simulated 3D facial models.
Transcriptomic analyses reveal biosynthetic genes related to rosmarinic acid in Dracocephalum tanguticum
Authors: Li Huie , Fu Yaru , Sun Hao , Zhang Yanfu , Lan Xiaozhong 
Published: February 2017

AbstractDracocephalum tanguticum Maxim, a Lamiaceae species endemic to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and adjacent regions, is an important ornamental, medicinal and aromatic herb. In this study, a comprehensive transcriptome of 18 libraries from six organs namely, roots, stems, leaves, sepals, flowers and seeds of D. tanguticum were generated. More than 100 Gb of sequence data were obtained and assembled de novo into 187,447 transcripts, including 151,463 unigenes, among which the six organs shared 17.7% (26,841). In addition, all unigenes were assigned to 362 pathways, in which ‘biosynthesis of secondary metabolites’ is the second enriched pathway. Furthermore, rosmarinic acid (RA) is one of the multifunctional phenolic bioactive compounds produced in some Lamiaceae species. The six organs of D. tanguticum were confirmed to produce RA. A total of 22 predicted biosynthetic genes related to RA from the transcriptome were further isolated. Two of these genes were identified as candidates by evaluating the correlation coefficient between the RA contents and the expression of the predicted biosynthetic genes in the six organs. The new sequence information will improve the knowledge of D. tanguticum, as well as provide a reference tool for future studies of biosynthetic genes related to RA in this species.
Postnatal development of the small intestinal mucosa drives age-dependent, regio-selective susceptibility to Escherichia coli K1 infection
Authors: Birchenough George M. H. , Dalgakiran Fatma , Witcomb Luci A. , Johansson Malin E. V. , McCarthy Alex J. , Hansson Gunnar C. , Taylor Peter W. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe strong age dependency of neonatal systemic infection with Escherichia coli K1 can be replicated in the neonatal rat. Gastrointestinal (GI) colonization of two-day-old (P2) rats leads to invasion of the blood within 48 h of initiation of colonization; pups become progressively less susceptible to infection over the P2-P9 period. We show that, in animals colonized at P2 but not at P9, E. coli K1 bacteria gain access to the enterocyte surface in the mid-region of the small intestine and translocate through the epithelial cell monolayer by an intracellular pathway to the submucosa. In this region of the GI tract, the protective mucus barrier is poorly developed but matures to full thickness over P2-P9, coincident with the development of resistance to invasion. At P9, E. coli K1 bacteria are physically separated from villi by the mucus layer and their numbers controlled by mucus-embedded antimicrobial peptides, preventing invasion of host tissues.
De novo [PSI
+] prion formation involves multiple pathways to form infectious oligomers
Authors: Sharma Jaya , Wisniewski Brett T. , Paulson Emily , Obaoye Joanna O. , Merrill Stephen J. , Manogaran Anita L. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPrion and other neurodegenerative diseases are associated with misfolded protein assemblies called amyloid. Research has begun to uncover common mechanisms underlying transmission of amyloids, yet how amyloids form invivo is still unclear. Here, we take advantage of the yeast prion, [PSI+], to uncover the early steps of amyloid formation in vivo. [PSI+] is the prion form of the Sup35 protein. While [PSI+] formation is quite rare, the prion can be greatly induced by overexpression of the prion domain of the Sup35 protein. This de novo induction of [PSI+] shows the appearance of fluorescent cytoplasmic rings when the prion domain is fused with GFP. Our current work shows that de novo induction is more complex than previously thought. Using 4D live cell imaging, we observed that fluorescent structures are formed by four different pathways to yield [PSI+] cells. Biochemical analysis of de novo induced cultures indicates that newly formed SDS resistant oligomers change in size over time and lysates made from de novo induced cultures are able to convert [psi−] cells to [PSI+] cells. Taken together, our findings suggest that newly formed prion oligomers are infectious.