bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma: Evaluating the Effectiveness of Prediction of the Site of Attachment based on Computed Tomography Scans
Authors: Salwa Anna 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
Sinonasal inverted papilloma is a benign neoplasm of epithelial origin, which represents 0.5 to 4% of all sinonasal tumors. Despite the histological benign nature of this type of tumor, it has a high rate of recurrence after surgical resection and significant malignant potential. Sinonasal inverted papilloma is treated as a locally aggressive tumor. The aggressive surgical approaches, such as en bloc resection via external excision or extensive mucosal stripping of the ipsilateral sinuses are replaced by less invasive intranasal endoscopic approaches. This creates a need for a very accurate preoperative assessment of the location of the tumor on computed tomography (CT) scan and identifies the location of the primary changes. Determination of the primary location of inverted papilloma is especially important for a radical resection of the tumor, because the tumor recurs mostly in the same location as the primary lesion. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between changes in the preoperative CT scan of the paranasal sinuses and the location of papilloma by histological examination of surgical material.
In this study, we evaluated the changes in the preoperative CT scans in the form of focal hyperostosis and erosion of the walls of the paranasal sinuses. Examined groups consisted of 12 people diagnosed with inverted papilloma and 15 peoples diagnosed with preinverted papilloma.
Focal hyperostosis occurred in 83% of cases of inverted papilloma. Their location corresponded to 90% of the primal attachment of the tumor. Among the preinverted papillomas, focal hyperostosis occurred in less than 7% of the cases and did not correspond to the location of papilloma inverted. The analysis of remodeling and erosion of bone walls of the sinuses showed their presence in 67% of cases of inverted papilloma and 40% of cases of preinverted papilloma. However, their overlap with the location of the tumor was 50% for the inverted papilloma and 33% for the preinverted papilloma.
Erosion and sinus bone destruction do not coincide closely with the primary location of the papilloma, because it is more the result of bone compression by the growing mass than bone invasion. The sites of focal hyperostosis closely coincide with the place of origin of the inverted papilloma, but the pathophysiological mechanism of this phenomenon is not fully understood. The relationship between the sites of focal hyperostosis and the location of the primary tumor can be used when planning surgery for accurate resection.

How to cite this article
Salwa A. Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma: Evaluating the Effectiveness of Prediction of the Site of Attachment based on Computed Tomography Scans. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2016;9(2):84-86.
An Unusual ENT Presentation of Retinoblastoma: A Diagnostic Dilemma
Authors: Saha Subhasis , Das Saumik , Jana Tamoghna , Sengupta Moushumi , Saha Asok K 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular tumor during childhood. These tumors though respond to treatment are prone to develop second malignancy, recurrence and metastasis which may present as sinonasal mass. We are presenting a rare case of metastatic retinoblastoma of sinonasal region in a 3-year-old male child. The mode of presentation and management of the case is presented along with a review of the literature.

How to cite this article
Jana T, Sengupta M, Das S, Saha AK, Saha S. An Unusual ENT Presentation of Retinoblastoma: A Diagnostic Dilemma. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2016;9(2):90-93.
Maffucci Syndrome with Nasal Enchondroma: A Rare Entity
Authors: Sharma Arpit , Dabholkar JP , Bansal Shruti 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Maffucci syndrome is a congenital nonhereditary disorder in which patients develop multiple enchondromas and cutaneous, visceral, or soft tissue hemangiomas. Less than 200 cases of Maffucci syndrome have been published in the English literature. These lesions most commonly occur in the limb bones, especially in the hands and feet. Rarely, patients of Maffucci syndrome may present with mesodermal dysplasia involving head and neck region with nasal septum enchondromas reported only in two cases till now.

Aim
To report a rare case of nasal enchondroma in a patient of Maffucci syndrome.

Case description
A 15-year-old girl diagnosed with Maffucci syndrome 2 years back was referred to our ENT department with symptoms of left-sided nasal obstruction and epiphora. On thorough clinical examination and proper investigation, she was diagnosed to have nasal enchondroma. She successfully underwent endonasal endoscopic resection of nasal enchondroma.

Conclusion
Maffucci syndrome is a rare entity characterized by multiple enchondromas and hemangiomas, especially in the extremities. A manifestation in the head and neck region is rare and cartilaginous tumors of nasal septum are even rarer; however, differential of nasal cartilaginous tumors should be borne in mind in patients with underlying mesodermal dysplastic disorders like Maffucci syndrome.

Clinical significance
Patients of Maffucci syndrome with enchondromas are at high risk of undergoing malignant transformation, especially chondrosarcomas. These patients need vigilant and close follow-up. Despite their rarity, chondromas should be taken into consideration in the differential diagnosis of nasal tumors, especially those arising from the nasal septum.

How to cite this article
Bansal S, Sharma A, Dabholkar JP. Maffucci Syndrome with Nasal Enchondroma: A Rare Entity. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2016;9(2):94-97.
Mucormycosis Maxilla: Behavior of Disease in an Immunocompetent Young Male Patient
Authors: Gupta Rijuneeta , Nabh Varun , Nahar Uma 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
Mucormycosis is an opportunistic fulminant fungal infection usually noted in immunocompromised individuals like diabetic and AIDS patients, patients receiving systemic corticosteroid therapy, cancer chemotherapy, and organ transplant patients. The disease is very rare to affect healthy individuals. Here we report a case of a 21-year-old immunocompetent young male presented with cheek swelling and hard palate ulcer. Clinically, radiologically, and histologically, the diagnosis of maxillary mucormycosis was made.

How to cite this article
Gupta R, Nabh V, Nahar U, Gupta AK. Mucormycosis Maxilla: Behavior of Disease in an Immunocompetent Young Male Patient. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2016;9(2):98-101.
Fibrous Dysplasia of Ethmoid
Authors: Mundi Damandeep K , Singh Manjit , Gill Kushaldeep 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a benign skeletal disorder in which abnormally overgrowing bony lesion replaces the normal bone. It can affect one bone (monostotic form) or multiple bones (polyostotic form). The craniofacial bones are involved in about 10% of subjects with monostotic FD. Among FD of the head and neck, the maxilla and mandible are the most frequent sites to be involved. However, its occurrence in the sinonasal tract is very rare. We report a case of a large monostotic FD of the ethmoid bone in a 29-year-old woman. The lesion was removed by lateral rhinotomy approach and pathology proved to be FD.

How to cite this article
Mundi DK, Bhagat S, Singh M, Gill K. Fibrous Dysplasia of Ethmoid. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2016;9(2): 105-107.
The Invisibilization and Denial of Work in Argentinian Garment Homework
Authors: Burchielli Rosaria , Delaney Annie 
Published: November 2016

Homeworkers are a globally significant part of the informal workforce, commonly regarded as invisible because their work is not recognized (Burchielliet al., 2008; Prugl, 1999). In this qualitative study, we examine homeworker invisibility in the case of Argentinian garment homework using the concepts of work invisibilization and work denial.The work invisibilization concept (Krinsky and Simonet, 2012), referring to devalorized work resulting from the neoliberal agenda, is used to understand recent global trends away from standard work arrangements/protections. Arising from the social relations of domination, invisibilized work is precarious, with irregular/ non-existent employment contracts and relationships. Invisibilization thus provides a valuable lens for analysing homework, which shares key characteristics with emerging forms of invisibilized employment. Homework however, has not transformed but has always been informal, characterized by inferior standards. To account for this, we articulate a concept of denial of work.Cohen's (2001) concept of denial describes broad dimensions, including different forms, strategies and levels of denial. Adapting these, we construct a framework to analyze the denial of Argentinian garment homework, enabling a detailed examination of the specific social actors and processes involved in casting homework as non-work.In considering the denial of homework in relation to invisibilization, we argue that these are related but distinct concepts. Used together, they help explain the low-power condition of two types of garment homeworkers in Argentina while also accounting for their differences: the mostly male, migrant workers employed in clandestine workshops (such as the Bolivians interviewed in our study), and the traditional, mostly female, Argentinian garment homeworkers.Our findings suggest that Bolivian immigrant homeworkers are partially visibilized due to NGO advocacy. However, as there are no improvements to their working conditions, they remained largely invisibilized through the effects of capitalism. By contrast, traditional women homeworkers have no representation and internalize their condition: their invisibilization is explained by the cumulative effects of capitalism and patriarchy.
Les locataires des HLM à la première personne
Authors: Demoulin Jeanne , Morin Paul 
Published: November 2016

Dans le cadre d’une réflexion scientifique globale sur le savoir d’usage fondé sur l’expérience menée au sein d’une infrastructure de recherche insérée dans le Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l’Estrie — Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, une recherche partenariale a été conduite avec le milieu HLM québécois. Elle s’est structurée autour d’une méthodologie originale : la production de récits par des locataires impliqués dans leur milieu de vie. Le pari a été fait que les « présentations de soi » pouvaient être considérées comme autant de pièces qui composent la mosaïque de ce système social et constituaient ainsi un moyen d’enrichir la compréhension du milieu HLM québécois. Tout en donnant à lire des extraits de textes écrits par les locataires, l’article vise à contextualiser leur production et à mettre en évidence les apports et les limites de la démarche engagée. Ce faisant, il montre comment la production de récits peut constituer un acte tant scientifique que politique, qui conduit l’activité de recherche à se situer pleinement dans une dynamique de transformation sociale.
Effects of plant growth regulators on stem extension
and yield components of linseed (Linum usitatissimum)
Authors: LEITCH M. H. , KURT O. 
Published: July 2002

The response of linseed to treatment with two plant growth regulators
(PGRs), chlormequat and
ethephon, applied at a range of growth stages (corresponding to average
mainstem lengths of 10, 23,
46, 55 and 64 cm) and in various combinations (single and repeated applications
of chlormequat and
ethephon, either alone or mixed) was studied in field experiments over
two seasons in 1992 and 1993
at the University College of Wales, Aberystwyth. Reduction in mainstem
length was dependent upon
the type of PGR and the timing of its application. Chlormequat alone was
consistently more effective
than ethephon alone, while a mixture of the two at half rates was similar
to chlormequat alone. The
largest reductions in mainstem length (16·6% with chlormequat and
6·1% with ethephon, averaged
over the two years) were achieved when the PGRs were applied when mainstems
averaged 22–23 cm
in length. Response to PGRs became progressively smaller with later applications.
However, the
reduction in mainstem length, when expressed as a percentage of that part
of the stem yet to extend
(i.e. final untreated stem length−stem length at the time of PGR
application), was shown to be
remarkably consistent across all (apart from the first) timings of application,
with average values of
28·4 and 7·4% for chlormequat and ethephon respectively.Application of both PGRs increased tillering and increased significantly
the number of stems per
unit area at maturity. This response occurred irrespective of timing of
application and was greater
following treatment with ethephon than with chlormequat. In the first year,
the effects of PGRs on
dry matter production and seed yield were small and not statistically significant.
In the second year,
significant reductions in seed yield were associated with those PGR treatments
which promoted
tillering most, i.e. early application of ethephon. Smaller yields were
the result of fewer capsules per
plant. Furthermore, a significant correlation between mainstem length and
the number of seeds per
capsule indicated a reduction of 0·78 seeds per capsule for every
10 cm reduction in stem length. While
total oil content of seed remained unaffected by PGR applications, treatments
which included
chlormequat at an early growth stage (either alone or in combination with
ethephon) altered the
relative proportions of fatty acids, reducing the content of linolenic
acid while increasing that of oleic
acid.
In vitro digestibility response of cocksfoot
(Dactylis glomerata L.) to growth and defoliation:
a simple model
Authors: DURU M. , FEUILLERAC E. , DUCROCQ H. 
Published: July 2002

Herbage digestibility, which to a large extent governs the animal's intake, is not easily predicted for
grazing animals, and can vary due to different grazing managements. The objective of this study was
to build a model for a range of defoliation managements, which takes account of vegetative grass tiller
structure, rather than dates of cutting or grazing, as done usually. An experiment was conducted in
1997, near Toulouse, to examine the digestibility of cocksfoot whole lamina and lamina segments
(15 cm) for three defoliation regimes. These regimes mimicked severe and lenient intermittent
defoliations plus a frequent defoliation treatment over a six-week period. Data were collected for (i)
lamina mass and digestibility for the youngest expanded lamina, (ii) lamina appearance rate, lamina
and sheath lengths.Laminae digestibility, measured over time, varied greatly with the defoliation regime both for the
youngest full expanded lamina and all laminae on a tiller. Digestibility of the youngest fully expanded
lamina decreased from one leaf insertion level to the next, but this decrease was lowest when the
defoliation regime was frequent. There was also a consistent decrease in the digestibility of a lamina
from its tip to its base. Sheath and lamina lengths varied with treatment in a different way to lamina
digestibility. During frequent defoliation, sheath and lamina lengths both increased slightly while
they showed substantial increases in the two other treatments. Lamina length increased from one
insertion level to the next, and resulted in the addition of less digestible lamina segments rather than
reducing overall lamina digestibility. Sheath length, through its influence on leaf appearance rate and
lamina length, could be used to predict the digestibility of laminae over time according to leaf
insertion level and the difference in the digestibility observed from the tip to the base of a particular
lamina. Sheath length could therefore provide a basis for predicting the time course of grass
digestibility for different combinations of defoliation frequency and height.
Entrainment and mixing in stratified shear flows
Authors: STRANG E. J. , FERNANDO H. J. S. 
Published: July 2002

The results of a laboratory experiment designed to study turbulent entrainment at
sheared density interfaces are described. A stratified shear layer, across which a
velocity difference ΔU and buoyancy difference Δb is imposed, separates a lighter
upper turbulent layer of depth D from a quiescent, deep lower layer which is either
homogeneous (two-layer case) or linearly stratified with a buoyancy frequency N
(linearly stratified case). In the parameter ranges investigated the flow is mainly determined by two parameters: the bulk
Richardson number RiB = ΔbD/ΔU2 and
the frequency ratio fN = ND=ΔU.When RiB > 1.5, there is a growing significance of buoyancy effects upon the
entrainment process; it is observed that interfacial instabilities locally mix heavy
and light fluid layers, and thus facilitate the less energetic mixed-layer turbulent
eddies in scouring the interface and lifting partially mixed fluid. The nature of the
instability is dependent on RiB, or a related parameter, the local gradient Richardson number
Rig = N2L/
(∂u/∂z)2,
where NL
is the local buoyancy frequency, u is the local streamwise velocity and z
is the vertical coordinate. The transition from the Kelvin–Helmholtz
(K-H) instability dominated regime to a second shear instability, namely
growing Hölmböe waves, occurs through a transitional regime 3.2 < RiB < 5.8.
The K-H activity completely subsided beyond RiB ∼ 5 or
Rig ∼ 1. The transition period
3.2 < RiB < 5 was characterized by the presence of both K-H billows and wave-like
features, interacting with each other while breaking and causing intense mixing. The
flux Richardson number Rif or the mixing efficiency peaked during this transition
period, with a maximum of Rif ∼ 0.4 at
RiB ∼ 5 or Rig ∼ 1. The interface at
5 < RiB < 5.8 was dominated by ‘asymmetric’
interfacial waves, which gradually transitioned to (symmetric) Hölmböe waves at
RiB > 5:8.Laser-induced fluorescence measurements of both the interfacial buoyancy flux and
the entrainment rate showed a large disparity (as large as 50%) between the two-layer
and the linearly stratified cases in the range 1.5 < RiB < 5.
In particular, the buoyancy flux (and the entrainment rate) was higher when internal waves were not permitted to
propagate into the deep layer, in which case more energy was available for interfacial
mixing. When the lower layer was linearly stratified, the internal waves appeared to
be excited by an ‘interfacial swelling’ phenomenon, characterized by the recurrence of
groups or packets of K-H billows, their degeneration into turbulence and subsequent
mixing, interfacial thickening and scouring of the thickened interface by turbulent
eddies.Estimation of the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) budget in the interfacial zone
for the two-layer case based on the parameter α, where α = (−B + ε)/P,
indicated an approximate balance (α ∼ 1) between the shear production P, buoyancy flux
B and the dissipation rate ε, except in the range RiB < 5 where
K-H driven mixing was active.
Surfactant-induced retardation of the
thermocapillary migration of a droplet
Authors: CHEN JINNAN , STEBE KATHLEEN J. 
Published: July 2002

A neutrally buoyant droplet in a fluid possessing a temperature
gradient migrates
under the action of thermocapillarity. The drop pole in the high-temperature region
has a reduced surface tension. The surface pulls away from this low-tension region,
establishing a Marangoni stress which propels the droplet into the warmer fluid.
Thermocapillary migration is retarded by the adsorption of surfactant: surfactant is
swept to the trailing pole by surface convection, establishing a surfactant-induced
Marangoni stress resisting the flow (Barton & Subramanian 1990).The impact of surfactant adsorption on drop thermocapillary motion is studied for
two nonlinear adsorption frameworks in the sorption-controlled limit. The Langmuir
adsorption framework accounts for the maximum surface concentration
Γ′∞ that can
be attained for monolayer adsorption; the Frumkin adsorption framework accounts
for Γ′∞
and for non-ideal surfactant interactions. The compositional dependence of the
surface tension alters both the thermocapillary stress which drives the flow and the
surfactant-induced Marangoni stress which retards it. The competition between these
stresses determines the terminal velocity U′, which is given
by Young's velocity U′0 in
the absence of surfactant adsorption. In the regime where
adsorption–desorption and
surface convection are of the same order, U′ initially
decreases with surfactant
concentration for the Langmuir model. A minimum is then attained,
and U′
subsequently increases slightly with bulk concentration, but remains
significantly less than U′0. For cohesive
interactions in the Frumkin model, U′ decreases monotonically
with surfactant concentration, asymptoting to a value less
than the Langmuir velocity.
For repulsive interactions, U′ is non-monotonic, initially
decreasing with concentration, subsequently increasing for elevated
concentrations. The implications of
these results for using surfactants to control surface mobilities in thermocapillary
migration are discussed.
Effects of pressure gradients on turbulent premixed flames
Authors: VEYNANTE DENIS , POINSOT THIERRY 
Published: July 2002

In most practical situations, turbulent premixed flames are

ducted and, accordingly,

subjected to externally imposed pressure gradients. These pressure gradients
may

induce strong modifications of the turbulent flame structure because of
buoyancy

effects between heavy cold fresh and light hot burnt gases. In the present
work, the

influence of a constant acceleration, inducing large

pressure gradients, on a premixed

turbulent flame is studied using direct numerical simulations.A favourable pressure gradient, i.e. a pressure decrease from unburnt
to burnt

gases, is found to decrease the flame wrinkling, the flame brush thickness,
and the

turbulent flame speed. It also promotes counter-gradient turbulent transport.
On the

other hand, adverse pressure gradients tend to increase the flame brush
thickness

and turbulent flame speed, and promote classical gradient turbulent transport.
As

proposed by Libby (1989), the turbulent flame speed is modified by a buoyancy
term

linearly dependent on both the imposed pressure gradient and the integral
length

scale lt.A simple model for the turbulent flux

u″c″ is also proposed, validated from

simulation data and compared to existing models. It is shown that turbulent

premixed flames

can exhibit both gradient and counter-gradient transport and a criterion
integrating

the effects of pressure gradients is derived to differentiate

between these regimes. In

fact, counter-gradient diffusion may occur in most practical ducted flames.