bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using critical consciousness to inform health professions education: A&nbsp;literature review
Authors: Halman Mark , Baker Lindsay , Ng Stella 
Published: January 2017

Purpose To explore how, in health professions education (HPE), the concept of critical consciousness has been defined and discussed, and to consider and suggest how critical pedagogy could be applied in practice. This exploration responds to increasing calls in the literature for HPE to foster compassionate care and social consciousness through the social sciences and humanities. Method The authors searched Medline/PubMed, ERIC and Web of Science for articles focusing on critical consciousness and/or critical pedagogy involving health professions. A thematic analysis aimed to identify key themes of critical consciousness in HPE literature. Results The authors included 30 papers in their review. Key themes related to defining and discussing core attributes of critical consciousness in HPE were: 1) appreciating context in education and practice; 2) illuminating power structures; 3) moving beyond ‘procedural’; 4) enacting reflection; and 5) promoting equity and social justice. Conclusions Critical consciousness may inform an appropriate critical pedagogy for fostering compassionate, humanistic, socially conscious health professionals who act as agents of change. While the authors share critical teaching practices for educators, considerable care must be taken in efforts to use critical pedagogy within the current structures of HPE programmes. The authors suggest attending to the philosophical and theoretical origins of critical consciousness and those of the dominant models of contemporary HPE (e. g. competency-based approaches) in order to ensure the tenets of critical pedagogy can be enacted authentically.
Scar characteristics derived from two‐ and three‐dimensional reconstructions of cardiac contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance images: Relationship to ventricular tachycardia inducibility and ablation success
Authors: Sonoda Kazumasa , Okumura Yasuo , Watanabe Ichiro , Nagashima Koichi , Mano Hiroaki , Kogawa Rikitake , Yamaguchi Naoko , Takahashi Keiko , Iso Kazuki , Ohkubo Kimie , Nakai Toshiko , Kunimoto Satoshi , Hirayama Atsushi 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe relationship between cardiac contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE‐MRI)‐derived scar characteristics and substrate for ventricular tachycardia (VT) in patients with structural heart disease (SHD) has not been fully investigated.MethodsThis study included 51 patients (mean age, 63.3±15.1 years) who underwent CE‐MRI with SHD and VT induction testing before ablation. Late gadolinium‐enhanced (LGE) regions on MRI slices were quantified by thresholding techniques. Signal intensities (SIs) 2–6 SDs above the mean SI of the remote left ventricular (LV) myocardium were considered as scar border zones, and SI>6 SDs, as scar zone, and the scar characteristics related to VT inducibility and successful ablation via endocardial approaches were evaluated.ResultsThe proportion of the total CE‐MRI‐derived scar border zone in the inducible VT group was significantly greater than that in the non‐inducible VT group (26.3±9.9% vs. 19.2±7.8%, respectively, P=0.0323). The LV endocardial scar zone to total LV myocardial scar zone ratio in patients whose ablation was successful was significantly greater than that in those whose ablation was unsuccessful (0.61±0.11 vs. 0.48±0.12, respectively, P=0.0042). Most successful ablation sites were located adjacent to CE‐MRI‐derived scar border zones.ConclusionsBy CE‐MRI, we were able to characterize not only the scar, but also its location and heterogeneity, and those features seemed to be related to VT inducibility and successful ablation from an endocardial site.
Micronutrient deficiencies among children and women in Bangladesh: progress and challenges
Authors: Ahmed Faruk , Prendiville Noreen , Narayan Anuradha 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis paper provides a comprehensive review of the current situation regarding micronutrient deficiencies among children and women in Bangladesh. This review also discusses the successes and current challenges of existing intervention programmes. Data from nationally representative and selected small surveys since the 1980s that have reported on the status of at least one micronutrient in children and/or women have been examined. National policy documents/reports on existing interventions have been analysed. While the severity of various micronutrient deficiencies has declined since the 1980s, a significant proportion of preschool-age children remains with deficiencies in vitamin A (20·5 %), Zn (44·5 %) and vitamin D (39·6 %); about one-third of these children are anaemic, and 10·7 % of the children are Fe deficient. A high proportion of non-pregnant and non-lactating women is deficient in Zn (57 %) and I (42 %), while one-quarter of women live with anaemia and vitamin B12 and vitamin D (21 %) deficiencies. Nearly one-half of the pregnant and lactating women are anaemic. Suboptimal diets, poor hygiene, infection and infestation are identified as some of the key factors associated with high levels of deficiencies. Multiple approaches and interventions are being supported, and while some notable progress has been achieved, significant challenges continue, including those related to coverage, quality and compliance. It is concluded that although current intervention programmes have made some progress in controlling the severe deficiencies, micronutrient deficiencies in Bangladesh remain a considerable problem. More well-integrated approaches for strengthening the existing intervention programmes are needed. In addition, new intervention strategies for alleviating and preventing specific micronutrient deficiencies are recommended.
Dawes Review 6: The Impact of Companions on Stellar Evolution
Authors: De Marco Orsola , Izzard Robert G. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAstrophysicists are increasingly taking into account the effects of orbiting companions on stellar evolution. New discoveries have underlined the role of binary star interactions in a range of astrophysical events, including some that were previously interpreted as being due uniquely to single stellar evolution. We review classical binary phenomena, such as type Ia supernovae, and discuss new phenomena, such as intermediate luminosity transients, gravitational wave-producing double black holes, and the interaction between stars and their planets. Finally, we reassess well-known phenomena, such as luminous blue variables, in light of interpretations that include both single and binary stars. At the same time we contextualise the new discoveries within the framework of binary stellar evolution. The last decade has seen a revival in stellar astrophysics as the complexity of stellar observations is increasingly interpreted with an interplay of single and binary scenarios. The next decade, with the advent of massive projects such as the Square Kilometre Array, the James Webb Space Telescope, and increasingly sophisticated computational methods, will see the birth of an expanded framework of stellar evolution that will have repercussions in many other areas of astrophysics such as galactic evolution and nucleosynthesis.
Radiocarbon Dating of a Series of the Heads of Egyptian Mummies from the Musée des Confluences, Lyon (France)
Authors: Richardin Pascale , Perraud Annie , Hertzog Jasmine , Madrigal Karine , Berthet Didier 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAs part of a multidisciplinary project concerning the practices of mummification in ancient Egypt, we studied a series of 33 human remains, collected during the late 19th century. These heads of human mummies belong to the Osteology collection from the Musée des Confluences of Lyon. One of the important issues of this research project was to establish a chronology of the mummification processes. However, the lack of archaeological data and excavation reports does not allow the dating of the specimens. Thus, during this project, these heads have been radiocarbon dated in order to place the individuals in a reliable chronological and cultural framework. As a result, 20 samples of hair and 13 samples of linen textiles of the wrappings have been taken. The results raised a lot of uncertainties about the chronology of these mummies and the need to validate or correct the original date attributions were given by the discoverers. As an example, among the 13 mummies thought to be dated between the 11th and 20th Dynasties, none appears from this period. In the same way, six mummies were originally dated from the Ptolemaic period. However, only one belongs to this period, four are Roman, and the last one is from the New Kingdom.
Iron Bar Trade between the Mediterranean and Gaul in the Roman Period: 14C Dating of Products from Shipwrecks Discovered off the Coast of Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer (Bouches-du-Rhône, France)
Authors: Delqué-Količ Emmanuelle , Leroy Stéphanie , Pagès Gaspard , Leboyer Julie 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe large number of iron-laden wrecked ships discovered off Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer (south of France) since the 1990s has enriched our knowledge of both maritime trade in the Mediterranean and the ferrous bars used during antiquity. This exceptional corpus has spawned numerous studies in the fields of archaeology, history, and archaeometallurgy, but, despite a relatively well-documented context, the chronology of wrecks is still to be clarified. Until recently, the chronology of the corpus was mainly supported by the archaeological remains found in the cargo of the wrecks, resulting in a chronological range from the 1st century BC to the 1st century AD. However, the 14C dating of an iron bar from Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer, older by more than a century from the expected chronological range, has revived discussions about the chronology of all the wrecks. Thanks to the development of a new protocol for dating ferrous alloys, based on an extensive study of the ferrous material, 34 samples of iron extracted from 13 ferrous bars constituting the cargo of seven ships could be 14C dated. The 14C results and the archaeological and historical data were subjected to Bayesian analysis to build a chronological framework for the antique shipwrecks of Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer. It appears that all these ships could belong to a larger phase than the one deduced from archaeological remains alone. Consequently, this study helps to support a new vision of the trade between the northeastern Mediterranean and western Europe.
Automatic Optimization of AMS with LabVIEW
Authors: Palonen V , Tikkanen P 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTAccelerator systems designed for a wide variety of ion beam analysis (IBA) applications usually have a multitude of beamline components and long beam lines. In the use of these systems, beam optimization is especially important for attaining high-precision accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) results. The optimization involves multiple parameters, dependencies between parameters, and multiple optimization targets. To improve the repeatability and reliability of AMS results, we have developed a profiling program for automatic beam optimization. In our implementation, the accelerator control parameters, measured beam currents, and AMS detector count rates are all stored in a real-time database. The profiling routine can scan any accelerator parameter and fetch from the database the profile of any measured quantity as a function of the parameter. The routine is usually used to scan over roughly 20 essential parameters of the system and setting them to the optimum values. Automatic optimization is fast, easy to use, robust to noise, and gives reproducible results. In addition, the graphical output in the form of current and count rate profiles is highly informative. Automatic optimization together with other improvements to the AMS setup have enabled us to push the precision of the system to better than 0.2%.
Splitting Numbers of Links
Authors: Cha Jae Choon , Friedl Stefan , Powell Mark 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe splitting number of a link is the minimal number of crossing changes between different components required, on any diagram, to convert it to a split link. We introduce new techniques to compute the splitting number, involving covering links and Alexander invariants. As an application, we completely determine the splitting numbers of links with nine or fewer crossings. Also, with these techniques, we either reprove or improve upon the lower bounds for splitting numbers of links computed by Batson and Seed using Khovanov homology.
Symbolism as a Constraint on International Criminal Law
Authors: AKSENOVA MARINA 
Published: January 2017

AbstractInternational criminal law is being pulled in different directions by various conflicting considerations – deterrence, retribution, justice for victims, reconciliation, and setting the historical record. This trend is detrimental to the survival of the system as it erodes coherence and undermines its legitimacy. One may suggest that international criminal law needs a principle objective to bring order to the system. This article argues that while this statement may be true, it is equally important to have a discussion about pragmatic policy choices underlying the system. Acknowledging that the role of international criminal law is symbolic assists with constraining over-ambition implicit in the discipline. Treating symbolism as a policy consideration places necessary checks on other goals proclaimed by international courts and UN executive bodies and also serves as a tool informing the exercise of discretion in international criminal law.
Longitudinal synergies between cortisol reactivity and diurnal testosterone and antisocial behavior in young adolescents
Authors: Susman Elizabeth J. , Peckins Melissa K. , Bowes Jacey L. , Dorn Lorah D. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe aims were to identify the correspondence between simultaneous, longitudinal changes in cortisol reactivity and diurnal testosterone and to test the hypothesis that cortisol reactivity and diurnal testosterone interact so as to influence antisocial behavior. Participants were 135 children and young adolescents assessed at 6-month intervals over 1 year. Upon enrollment girls were age 8, 10, or 12 years (N = 69, M = 10.06 years) and boys were age 9, 11, or 13 years (N = 66, M = 10.94 years). Assessments included Tanner staging by a nurse, cortisol reactivity (Trier Social Stress Test for Children), diurnal testosterone, and interviews and questionnaires. Growth models showed that cortisol reactivity and diurnal testosterone basal levels (intercept) and rate of change (slopes) were not related, suggesting different mechanisms of growth. Longitudinal regression analyses assessed cortisol reactivity and diurnal testosterone longitudinally. The interactions of cortisol reactivity and diurnal testosterone showed that when diurnal testosterone was low, boys with low cortisol reactivity were reported to have more behavior problems (i.e., oppositional defiant disorder symptoms and attention problems) than when testosterone was high. In addition, when diurnal testosterone was high, boys with high or moderate cortisol reactivity were significantly higher on total antisocial behavior, attention behavior problems, and oppositional defiant disorder symptoms than when testosterone was low or moderate. The results were similar but less frequent for girls. These findings advance the science of young adolescence by showing the interaction between preexisting sensitivity to stressors and the normative testosterone changes of puberty and antisocial behavior.
Being Both Helpers and Victims: Health Professionals’ Experiences of Working During a Natural Disaster
Authors: Hugelius Karin , Adolfsson Annsofie , Örtenwall Per , Gifford Mervyn 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundIn November 2013, the Haiyan typhoon hit parts of the Philippines. The typhoon caused severe damage to the medical facilities and many injuries and deaths. Health professionals have a crucial role in the immediate disaster response system, but knowledge of their experiences of working during and in the immediate aftermath of a natural disaster is limited.AimThe aim of this study was to explore health professionals’ experiences of working during and in the immediate aftermath of a natural disaster.MethodEight health professionals were interviewed five months after the disaster. The interviews were analyzed using phenomenological hermeneutic methods.ResultsThe main theme, being professional and survivor, described both positive and negative emotions and experiences from being both a helper, as part of the responding organization, and a victim, as part of the surviving but severely affected community. Sub-themes described feelings of strength and confidence, feelings of adjustment and acceptance, feelings of satisfaction, feelings of powerless and fear, feelings of guilt and shame, and feelings of loneliness.ConclusionBeing a health professional during a natural disaster was a multi-faceted, powerful, and ambiguous experience of being part of the response system at the same time as being a survivor of the disaster. Personal values and altruistic motives as well as social aspects and stress-coping strategies to reach a balance between acceptance and control were important elements of the experience. Based on these findings, implications for disaster training and response strategies are suggested.HugeliusK,AdolfssonA,ÖrtenwallP,GiffordM.Being both helpers and victims: health professionals’ experiences of working during a natural disaster.Prehosp Disaster Med.2017;32(2):117–123.
Researching Under Fire: Political Science and Researcher Trauma
Authors: Loyle Cyanne E. , Simoni Alicia 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT
Despite dynamic discussions of research methods within political science, there has been comparatively scarce attention paid to the possibility and effect of research-related trauma—the trauma experienced by individuals working on issues and data related to violence and death. There are many activities within the field of political science that put members of the profession directly at risk for this form of trauma. In this article, we draw attention to the possible risks of research-related trauma for scholars, graduate students, and research team members, and offer some recommendations for best practices in what can be a challenging discipline.
Determinants of Salary Dispersion among Political Science Faculty: The Differential Effects of Where You Work (Institutional Characteristics) and What You Do (Negotiate and Publish)
Authors: Claypool Vicki Hesli , Janssen Brian David , Kim Dongkyu , Mitchell Sara McLaughlin 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTWe evaluate hypotheses about human capital and structural theory-based predictors of variation in academic salaries. We use standard statistical models to explore differences in salary among full-time political science faculty, while also utilizing selection models to control for factors that place individuals on different trajectories stemming from their graduate school experience. We report on several findings, one of which is the positive effect on salary associated with graduation from a highly ranked PhD program; a second being the negative effect on salary of a high undergraduate teaching load. Other findings are that negotiation positively affects salary for men, but not for women, and that journal publications increase salaries amongst women, but not men. At the associate professor level, we find a significant gender gap in salary, even with controls for human capital, structural factors, and productivity. We also find a significant effect of race on the salaries of male faculty.
Patterns of Publishing in Political Science Journals: An Overview of Our Profession Using Bibliographic Data and a Co-Authorship Network
Authors: Metz Thomas , Jäckle Sebastian 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT
We constructed a co-authorship network of the global political science community. Two scientists are connected if they have co-authored a paper. We drew on more than 67,000 papers published from 1990 to 2013 in one of today’s 96 core journals. The network consists of more than 40,000 authors located worldwide. We found that the community forms a single, interconnected component as well as numerous unconnected authors. Whereas some are highly productive in terms of publications, the majority of authors published only a single paper, which suggests significant turnover in the community. Using information from the papers (e.g., title, journal, and abstract), we investigated how different subcommunities organize and interconnect, how journals reach out into the community, and how individual scientists cooperate. We also investigated how the network has evolved in the last two decades. Our analysis is supplemented by a bibliographic analysis that describes major changes in publication patterns.
Reference Rot: An Emerging Threat to Transparency in Political Science
Authors: Gertler Aaron L. , Bullock John G. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT
Transparency of research is a large concern in political science, and the practice of publishing links to datasets and other online resources is one of the main methods by which political scientists promote transparency. But the method cannot work if the links don’t, and very often, they don’t. We show that most of the URLs ever published in the American Political Science Review no longer work as intended. The problem is severe in recent as well as in older articles; for example, more than one-fourth of links published in the APSR in 2013 were broken by the end of 2014. We conclude that “reference rot” limits the transparency and reproducibility of political science research. We also describe practices that scholars can adopt to combat the problem: when possible, they should archive data in trustworthy repositories, use links that incorporate persistent digital identifiers, and create archival versions of the webpages to which they link.
Trust, Transparency, and Replication in Political Science
Authors: Laitin David D. , Reich Rob 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT
Striving better to uncover causal effects, political science is amid a revolution in micro-empirical research designs and experimental methods. This methodological development—although quite promising in delivering new findings and discovering the mechanisms that underlie previously known associations—raises new and unnerving ethical issues that have yet to be confronted by our profession. We believe that addressing these issues proactively by generating strong, internal norms of disciplinary regulation is preferable to reactive measures, which often come in the wake of public exposés and can lead to externally imposed regulations or centrally imposed internal policing.
A Reply to “Reducing Political Bias in Political Science Estimates”
Authors: Maliniak Daniel , Powers Ryan , Walter Barbara 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTZigerell (this issue) cites the findings of his recent reanalysis (Zigerell 2015) of the data in our 2013 study of the gender citation gap in the international relations literature to support his claim that our study showed a “preference for statistically-significant results.” We thank Zigerell for so closely engaging with our work. However, we note that he is focused on how his changes to our sample affect a single model in our original paper, highlight the fact that we reported statistically insignificant results when they arose in our original analyses, and review the findings of other recent re-analyses of our data. Ultimately, while we disagree with Zigerell’s conclusions about our work, we join Zigerell in calling for greater diversity in the discipline.