bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Mixed Hexahaloantimonates(III).
Authors: JHA N. K. , KUMARI A. , PRASAD R. S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie gemischten Hexahaloantimonate(III) (I) werden durch Umsetzen von SbCl3 oder SbBr3 mit substituierten Ammoniumhalogeniden (Molverhältnis 1:3) in Isopropanol/Methanol dargestellt, während das Monofluoroantimonat (II) aus (Bu2NH2)2(SbFCl4) und Bu2NH2Cl (Molverhältnis 1:1) in Isopropanol erhalten wird (keine Ausb.‐Angaben).
ChemInform Abstract: ON THE DISPROPORTIONATION OF RHODIUM(V)
Authors: SARANGIAPANI S. , EARLEY J. E. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAuflösen von RhC13°C 2 H2O in 1 M HCl, Neutralisieren mit NaOH auf pH 8 und Oxidation der Lösung mit Hypobromit führen zu einer purpurfarbenen Lösung, in der Rh die mittlere Oxidationsstufe (IV) einnimmt (Redoxtitrimetrie).
ChemInform Abstract: DYNAMIC HYDROGEN‐1 NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE LINE‐BROADENING STUDY OF ADDUCT FORMATION BETWEEN AZIDOCOBALT(III) COMPLEXES CONTAINING ORGANIC LIGANDS AND LANTHANIDE SHIFT REAGENT
Authors: LINDOY L. F. , LOUIE H. W. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Wechselwirkung des Verschiebungsreagenzes, dem neunfachdeuterierten l z3‐Komplex von Eu mit 7,7‐Dimethyl‐1,2,3‐heptafluor‐4,6‐octandion, und den Co(III)‐Komplexen (I) in CDCl3 wird untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: ON THE STEREOCHEMISTRY OF THE BIS‐NOR‐WIELAND‐MIESCHER KETONE
Authors: TROST B. M. , CURRAN D. P. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAus dem Bromacetonyl‐methyl‐cyclopentandion (I) erhält man mit optisch aktiven Phosphinen (II) über die Ylide (III) die stereoisomeren Diketone (IVa) und (IVb), deren Mengenverhältnis nach stereospezifischer Reduktion zu den Carbinolen (V) bestimmt und deren Identifizierung über die Mandelsäureester (VI) vorgenommen werden kann.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Acid‐Catalyzed Rearrangement of Cyclobutanols.
Authors: LEE‐RUFF E. , HOFKINSON A. C. , KAZARIANS‐MOGHADDAM H. , DUPERROUZEL P. , GUPTA B. , KATZ M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAus den entsprechenden Cyclobutanonen werden durch Reduktion bzw. Reaktion mit Methyllithium die Carbinole (Ia) und (Ib) bzw. (Va)‐(Vd) hergestellt und diese in saurem Medium umgelagert.
ChemInform Abstract: ANIONIC METAL HYDRIDE CATALYSTS. 2. APPLICATION TO THE HYDROGENATION OF KETONES, ALDEHYDES, CARBOXYLIC ACID ESTERS, AND NITRILES
Authors: GREY R. A. , PEZ G. P. , WALLO A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie luftempfindlichen Hydridoruthenat‐Komplexe K [(Ph3P), ?hg P‐C6H4 ‐lkuH, T‐Naphthalin ‐ Ether (HPR) und K; [(Ph3P)3 Ph2PRu2 H4 12′ ° 2 Diglyme (Ph = Phenyl) (DHPR) bewirken die homogene Katalyse der Hydrierung (620 kPa) von Ketonen oder Aldehyden wie z.B. Aceton (I) Cyclohexanon oder Propanal innerhalb von 16 bzw. 1 h zu den entsprechenden Alkoholen wie z.B. (II) und Kondensationsprodukten wie (III), wobei ein Zusatz von 18‐ Krone‐ö die Reaktionsdauer teilweise erheblich verkürzt.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDY OF UNSATURATED COMPOUNDS. VI. REACTION OF THE LIQUID‐PHASE CHLORINATION N OF 2‐HALO‐2‐BUTENES
Authors: MKRYAN G. G. , KAPLANYAN E. E. , MKRYAN G. M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Titelverbindungen (Ia) und (Ib) werden in Gegenwart von tert.‐Butylbrenzcatechin chloriert und liefern die 2,3‐Dihalogen‐1‐ ‐butene (II) als Produkte der "anoma1en" Reaktion, die 2,2,3‐Trihalogenbutane (III) als Produkte der "normalen" Reaktion sowie die durch Substitution des Wasserstoffatoms an der Doppelbindung von (I) entstandenen Dihalogen‐2‐butene (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Nitration of Acyl‐substituted Methylenediamines.
Authors: LUK'YANOVA O. A. , MAL'NIKOVA T. G. , TARTAKOVSKII V. A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBei der Nitrierung des Diacetyldimethyl‐methylendiamins (I) mit Nitryltetrafluoroborat (II) im Mol‐Verhältnis 1:1 in Acetonitril bei ‐25°C entstehen zu fast gleichen Teilen die N‐Mono‐ und N,N′‐Dinitro‐methylendiamine (III) und (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS WITH MONOHYDRAZONES OF DICARBONYL COMPOUNDS. PART 10. 2‐(DIMETHYLHYDRAZONO)PROPANAL AS A REAGENT FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF 1,4‐DIKETONES
Authors: MAYRING L. , SEVERIN T. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDas Titelreagenz (I) setzt sich mit den CH‐aciden Verbindungen (II) zu den Derivaten (III) um.
ChemInform Abstract: SELECTIVE BOND CLEAVAGE IN THE IRON(III) CHLORIDE‐CATALYZED PHOTOOXIDATION OF OLEFINS
Authors: SATO T. , MAEMOTO K. , KOHDA A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Photooxidation der Cycloalkene (I) in Gegenwart von Eisen(III)‐chlorid ergibt unter Ringöffnung Gemische der Dichlorketone (II) und (III).
ChemInform Abstract: CONVERSION OF NONTERMINAL ALKENES INTO SECONDARY ALKYL TERT‐BUTYL PEROXIDES BY PEROXYMERCURIATION AND REDUCTION WITH TRIBUTYLTIN HYDRIDE
Authors: BLOODWORTH A. J. , COURTNEIDGE J. L. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie tert.‐Butylperoxide (III) erhält man durch Überführung der Olefine (I) in die Peroxyorgano‐ Quecksilberverbindungen (II) und deren anschließende reduktive Demetallierung.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of γ‐Thiobutyrolactone with Amines.
Authors: KURIHARA H. , SHIRAI K. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDas Thiobutyrolacton (I) wird mit Aminen zu den Amiden (III) und (V) bzw. mit dem 1,8‐Diaminonaphthalin zum Heterocyclus (IV) umgesetzt.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION OF (‐)‐(7R)‐7‐ACETYL‐7‐HYDROXY‐4,4‐DIMETHOXY‐5,6,7,8‐TETRAHYDRONAPHTHALEN‐1(4H)‐ONE, A CHIRAL AB‐SYNTHON FOR ANTHRACYCLINE SYNTHESIS
Authors: WARRENER R. N. , GEE P. S. , RUSSELL R. A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDas im Titel genannte Synthon (XI) wird auf dem im Formelschema beschriebenen Weg dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND REACTIONS OF ARYLIMINOASCORBIC ACID ANALOGS
Authors: MOKHTAR H. , FEID‐ALLAH H. M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Synthese der Tetronsäurederivate (IV) aus den Aldehyden (I) sowie die Synthese ihrer Acylderivate (V) und ihrer Oxidationsprodukte (VI) werden beschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOCHEMISTRY OF THE 1,7‐DIPOLAR CYCLIZATION OF CONJUGATED CARBONYL YLIDES
Authors: EBERBACH W. , HAEDICKE E. + , TROSTMANN U. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Thermolyse des bekannten spirocyclischen Epoxids (I) liefert die beiden Spaltprodukte (II) und (III).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF PHENALENO(1,9‐BC)THIOPHENE
Authors: TOMINAGA Y. , LEE M. L. , CASTLE R. N. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract2‐Naphthalin‐thiol (Ia) wird zu (Ib) verethert und mit Polyphosphorsäure (PPS) zu (II) kondensiert, das auch über die nach Wittig zugängliche Styryl‐Verbindung (V) hergestellt werden kann.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS WITH AZIRIDINES (AZIRANES), XXV: AMIDOETHYLATION OF MONOSUBSTITUTED ETHYL CYANOACETATES
Authors: BUDNY J. , STAMM H. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDer Phenylcyanessigsäureethylester (I) reagiert mit den N‐Acylaziridinen (II) zu den Pyrrolidinonen (III).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF S‐TRIAZOLO(4,3‐B)PYRIDAZINE C‐NUCLEOSIDES (1)
Authors: LEGRAVEREND M. , BISAGNI E. , LHOSTE J. M. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract3‐Chlor‐6‐hydrazino‐pyridazin (I) kondensiert mit den Thioverbindungen (II) zu den Bicyclen (III).
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF 4‐ARYL‐1,2,4‐TRIAZINES WITH HYDRAZINE
Authors: IBRAHIM Y. A. , EID M. M. , BADAWY M. A. , ABDEL‐HADY S. A. L. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie in bekannter Weise z.B. über die Thioverbindungen (I) und (II) herstellbaren 4‐Aryl‐1 ,2,4‐triazine (III) reagieren beim Erhitzen mit Hydrazin über die Verbindungen (IV) zu den 4‐Amino‐3,5‐dioxo‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐l ,2,4‐triazinen (VIII) unter Eliminierung der Arylamine (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: THE SYNTHESIS OF 9H‐IMIDAZO(1,2‐A)(1,3)DIAZEPINES
Authors: KURIHARA T. , TANI T. , NASU K. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDas durch Kondensation des Ethoxymethylenketocarbonsäureesters (I) mit dem Aminoimidazol (II) leicht zugängliche ′Imidazopyrimidin (III) läßt sich mit Diazomethan (IV) zum Cyclopropaimidazopyrimidin (V) homologisieren.
ChemInform Abstract: A SIMPLE, NEW PREPARATION OF α,α‐DIMETHYLALLYLTRIMETHYLSILANE: A USEFUL PRENYLATION REAGENT
Authors: BENNETAU B. , PILLOT J.‐P. , DUNOGUES J. , CALAS R. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDas Methylbutinol (I) ergibt über das Chlorid (II) das Bis‐(trimethylsilyl)‐ methylbutin (III).
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOSUBSTITUTION OF HALOGEN BY SELENOUREA. PHOTOSYNTHESIS OF DIARYL(HETERYL)DISELENIDES
Authors: KLOKOVA E. M. , FROLOV A. N. , EL'TSOV A. V. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie halogensubstituierten Benzol‐ (I), Pyridin‐ (IV) und Pyrimidinderivate (VII) werden photochemisch mit Selenoharnstoff umgesetzt.
ChemInform Abstract: ASSOCIATION OF ALKALI AND ALKALINE EARTH CATIONS WITH BENZO‐18‐CROWN‐6 AND ITS NEUTRAL AND NEGATIVELY CHARGED ACYCLIC ANALOGS IN METHANOL SOLUTION
Authors: ERCOLANI G. , MANDOLINI L. , MASCI B. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDer Einfluß der Alkali(Li, Na, K, Rb,Cs)‐ und Erdalkali(Ca, Sr,Ba)‐metallbromid‐Zugabe auf die Dissoziation des wie aufgezeigt dargestellten Ethers (IV) in Methanol bei 25°C wird spektrophotometrisch über einen großen Bereich an Salzkonzentration untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: BIS(ALK‐2‐ENYL)ZINC FROM ORGANOMAGNESIUM HALIDES
Authors: LEHMKUHL H. , DOERING I. + , MCLANE R. , NEHL H. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBei der Umsetzung von Allylgrignardverbindungen (I) mit Zinkchlorid (II) erhält man die Zinkorganyle (III).
ChemInform Abstract: HOMOLYTIC SUBSTITUTION AT CARBON: 1,3‐ AND 1,5‐RING CLOSURES IN ORGANOTIN‐SUBSTITUTED RADICALS
Authors: DAVIS D. D. , AHMED F. U. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Reaktion der Sn‐Verbindung (I) mit H‐abspaltenden Mitteln wie z.B. angeregtem PhgCO (oder PhCOMe, (tBuO)2, FeCl3) führt zu Methylpropylether (II) neben (III) und (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: β‐TRIBUTYLSTANNYLACRYLATES. STEREOSPECIFIC SYNTHESIS VIA CONJUGATE ADDITION OF TRIBUTYLSTANNYLCOPPER
Authors: SEITZ D. E. , LEE S.‐H. 
Published: April 2016

Abstractβ‐Halogen‐acrylester (I) reagieren am besten mit Tributylzinnkupfer zu den Substitutionsprodukten (II), die auch aus Tosylaten oder Phenylthio‐ ethern (III) zugänglich sind.
ChemInform Abstract: MOLECULAR COMPLEX FORMATION OF TRICARBONYL(η6‐(2.2)PARACYCLOPHANE) CHROMIUM AND 1,3,5‐TRINITROBENZENE
Authors: KOBAYASHI H. , KOBAYASHI K. , KAIZU Y. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDer Titelkomplex (I) bildet einen Ladungsiibertragungskomplex mit 1,3,5‐Trinitrobenzol in 1 ,2‐Dichlorethan.
ChemInform Abstract: KINETICS OF OUTER‐SPHERE ELECTRON TRANSFERS BETWEEN METAL COMPLEXES IN SOLUTIONS AND POLYMERIC FILMS ON MODIFIED ELECTRODES
Authors: IKEDA T. , LEIDNER C. R. , MURRAY R. W. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractRotierende Pt‐Scheibenelektroden, die mit polymeren Filmen von (Ia) modifiziert sind, vermitteln elektrokatalytisch die Oxidationen der Ru‐Komplexe (II) und die Reduktion des Fe‐Komplexes (III) auch dann, wenn diese Reaktionen thermodynamisch mit so kleinen Gleichgewichtskonstanten wie 5·10‐6 ungünstig sind.
ChemInform Abstract: SELECTIVITY AND DIRECTED CHARGE TRANSFER THROUGH AN ELECTROACTIVE METALLOPOLYMER FILM
Authors: ELLIS C. D. , MURPHY W. R. JUN. , MEYER T. J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie voltammetrischen Eigenschaften der Redoxpaare (I) und (II) werden in Acetonitril an einer Pt‐Elektrode, die chemisch durch Elektropolymerisation von (III) modifiziert ist, untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: CHELATING 2‐(DIPHENYLPHOSPHINO)PYRIDINE. SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURE OF DICHLORODICARBONYL(2‐(DIPHENYLPHOSPHINO)PYRIDINE)RUTHENIUM(II)
Authors: OLMSTEAD M. M. , MAISONNAT A. , FARR J. P. , BALCH A. L. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDer oktaedrische Titelkomplex (II) wird durch Behandlung des Triruthenium‐Komplexes (I) mit molekularem Chlor synthetisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: STABLE GLUCOPYRANOSYLPALLADIUM COMPOUND WITH A CIS β‐HYDROGEN
Authors: ARAI I. , DAVES G. D. JUN. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDer Titelkomplex (IV) mit Pd‐C‐o‐Bindung wurde durch regio‐ und stereospezifische Addition einer in situ aus (I) und (III) erhaltenen Pyrimidindion‐5‐yl‐Pd(II)‐Verbindung an das D‐Glucal (II) dargestellt und durch 1H‐ und 13C‐NMR‐Daten charakterisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF BARIUM TETRAKIS(μ‐SQUARATO‐O1,O2)‐DIPLATINATE(II) HEXAHYDRATE
Authors: SIMONSEN O. , TOFTLUND H. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Titelverbindung (I) entsteht bei Behandlung einer Tetraaquo‐Pt(II)‐ Lösung mit Quadratsäure bei 55°C gemeinsam mit anderen Quadratoplatinaten(II).
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Synthesis of a (1→2)‐D‐Glucopyranan.
Authors: SHARKEY P. F. , EBY R. , SHUERCH C. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract1,2‐Anhydro‐3,4,6‐tri‐O‐benzyl‐a‐ D‐glucopyranose (I) wird in Gegenwart von Phosphorpentafluorid zu einem benzy′‐ lierten (l‐2)‐β‐D‐Glucopyranan polymerisiert (Ausb. 60%) und zu (II) entblockiert.
ChemInform Abstract: TOTAL SYNTHESES OF EBURNAMONINE, QUEBRACHAMINE, VINCADINE AND EPIVINCADINE
Authors: WENKERT E. , HALLS T. D. J. , KWART L. D. , MAGNUSSON G. , SHOWALTER H. D. H. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractReduktion der isomeren Carbinolaminether (VIII), die entweder ausgehend von (II) über die Stufen (VII) oder ausgehend vom (Ia)‐ Reduktionsprodukt (Ib) über die Stufe (X) zugänglich sind, liefert die Alkohole (IXa) bzw. (IXb), deren Überführung über die Salze (XI) in (i)‐Quebrachamin (XIIa) bekannt ist.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF DL‐CORIOLIN
Authors: TROST B. M. , CURRAN D. P. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAusgehend von den Endion (I) wird über die Intermediären (II)‐(X) die Schlüsselverbindung (XI) synthetisiert, deren Bis‐trimethylsilylenolether durch Reaktion mit Eschenmoser′s Salz die Mannich‐Base liefert, aus der durch Quaternisierung mit MeI und anschließende Eliminierung das Methylenketon (XIIa) erhalten wird.
ChemInform Abstract: PHEROMONES. PART 37. A STEREOSPECIFIC SYNTHESIS OF THE COMPONENTS OF THE SEX PHEROMONE OF ANTHERAEA POLYPHEMUS, (E,Z)‐6,11‐HEXADECADIENYL ACETATE AND (E,Z)‐HEXADECADIENAL
Authors: BESTMANN H. J. , LI K. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAus dem Ylid (I) und 2‐Hydroxy‐tetrahydropyran (II) entsteht das Carbinol (IIIa), das mit Chromtrioxid/Pyridin zum Aldehyd (IIIb) ‐ oxidiert und dann mit Tetrabromkohlenstoff und Triphenylphosphin im Sinne einer Wittig‐Reaktion zum Dibrommethylenderivat (IV) reagiert.
Numerical simulation of breast reduction with a new knitting condition
Authors: Lopes Diogo , Clain Stéphane , Pereira Rui M. S. , Machado Gaspar J. , Smirnov Georgi , Vasilevskiy Igor 
Published: April 2016

SummaryBreast reduction is one of the most common procedures in breast surgery. The aim of this work is to develop a computational model allowing one to forecast the final breast geometry according to the incision marking parameters. This model can be used in surgery simulators that provide preoperative planning and training, allowing the study of the origin of the errors in breast reduction. From the mathematical point of view, this is a problem of calculus of variations with unusual boundary conditions, known as knitting conditions. The breast tissue is considered as a hyperelastic material, discretized with three‐dimensional finite elements for the body, whereas the skin is modelled with two‐dimensional finite elements on the curved surface. Although the model is of low precision, we show that it is sufficient for a satisfactory prediction of breast reduction surgery results, allowing an analysis of errors frequently performed during the surgery and giving an understanding of how to avoid or correct them. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative population structure of two dominant species, Shinkaia crosnieri (Munidopsidae: Shinkaia) and Bathymodiolus platifrons (Mytilidae: Bathymodiolus), inhabiting both deep‐sea vent and cold seep inferred from mitochondrial multi‐genes
Authors: Shen Yanjun , Kou Qi , Chen Weitao , He Shunping , Yang Mei , Li Xinzheng , Gan Xiaoni 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDeep‐sea hydrothermal vents and cold seeps, limited environments without sunlight, are two types of extreme habitat for marine organisms. The differences between vents and cold seeps may facilitate genetic isolation and produce population heterogeneity. However, information on such chemosynthetic fauna taxa is rare, especially regarding the population diversity of species inhabiting both vents and cold seeps. In this study, three mitochondrial DNA fragments (the cytochrome c oxidase submit I (COI), cytochrome b gene (Cytb), and 16S) were concatenated as a mitochondrial concatenated dataset (MCD) to examine the genetic diversity, population structure, and demographic history of Shinkaia crosnieri and Bathymodiolus platifrons. The genetic diversity differences between vent and seep populations were statistically significant for S. crosnieri but not for B. platifrons. S. crosnieri showed less gene flow and higher levels of genetic differentiation between the vent and seep populations than B. platifrons. In addition, the results suggest that all the B. platifrons populations, but only the S. crosnieri vent populations, passed through a recent expansion or bottleneck. Therefore, different population distribution patterns for the two dominant species were detected; a pattern of population differentiation for S. crosnieri and a homogeneity pattern for B. platifrons. These different population distribution patterns were related to both extrinsic restrictive factors and intrinsic factors. Based on the fact that the two species were collected in almost identical or adjacent sampling sites, we speculated that the primary factors underlying the differences in the population distribution patterns were intrinsic. The historical demographics, dispersal ability, and the tolerance level of environmental heterogeneity are most likely responsible for the different distribution patterns.
Microwave‐Assisted C‐2 Direct Alk­enylation of Imidazo[4,5‐b]pyr­idines: Access to Fluorescent Purine Isosteres with Remarkably Large Stokes Shifts
Authors: Baladi Tom , Granzhan Anton , Piguel Sandrine 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWe describe herein the first C‐2 direct alkenylation of the valuable 3H‐imidazo[4,5‐b]pyridine promoted by microwave‐assisted Pd/Cu co‐catalysis. The reaction is rapid and compatible with a wide range of functional groups either on the imidazo[4,5‐b]pyridine ring or on the styryl bromides thereby leading to the isolation of 23 compounds with moderate to good yields. The relevance of this method is demonstrated by its application to the synthesis of new cross‐conjuguated push–pull 2‐vinyl‐ and 2‐alkynylimidazo[4,5‐b]pyridines characterized by satisfactory fluorescence quantum yields and remarkable solvatofluorochromic properties.
(D–π–)2D–π–A‐Type Organic Dyes for Efficient Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Kaewpuang Terdkait , Prachumrak Narid , Namuangruk Supawadee , Jungsuttiwong Siriporn , Sudyoadsuk Taweesak , Pattanasattayavong Pichaya , Promarak Vinich 
Published: April 2016

AbstractNew (D–π–)2D–π–A‐type dyes (CFTTnA, n = 2, 3) with a triarylamine as electron donor, a cyanoacrylic acid as both electron acceptor and anchoring group, and two π‐conjugated 2‐[7‐(3,6‐di‐tert‐butylcarbazol‐9‐yl)‐9,9‐dihexylfluoren‐2‐yl]thiophenes as N‐aryl substituents on the amine donor as co‐donors have been synthesized and characterized. Compared with a traditional D–π–A‐type dye, these dyes exhibit broader absorption spectra and higher molar extinction coefficients as well as significantly enhanced photovoltaic performances. A power conversion efficiency of 6.64 % was achieved for a dye‐sensitized solar cell (DSSC) based on CFTT3A. Theoretical calculations and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic investigations revealed the mechanism of the enhanced dye properties and cell performances.
Stereoselective Substitution of Configurationally Labile α‐Bromo Aryl­acetates with Amines and Az­lactones by L‐Threonine‐Mediated Crystallization‐Induced Dynamic Resolution
Authors: Yun Soo Choi  , Park SeHee , Park Yong Sun 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWe developed a highly stereoselective C–N and C–C bond‐forming reaction by carrying out a crystallization‐induced dynamic resolution (CIDR) of α‐bromo arylacetates followed by a stereoselective substitution reaction with an amine or azlactone nucleophile. Applications of this synthetic method to the preparation of highly enantioenriched nitrogen‐containing six‐membered heterocycles and α,β‐disubstituted aspartates are also presented.
Syntheses, Structures and Optoelectronic Properties of Spiroconjugated Cyclic Ketones
Authors: Wilbuer Jennifer , Schnakenburg Gregor , Esser Birgit 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSynthetic investigations towards spiroconjugated ketones and derivatives thereof are presented. These studies led to the development of a short procedure for the synthesis of spiroconjugated tetraketone 1 in two steps with 10 % overall yield and the first‐time synthesis of spirocyclic trindone 2. The optoelectronic properties of these compounds based on spectroscopic and electrochemical measurements in combination with DFT calculations as well as their molecular structures in the solid state are presented and discussed.
Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Synthesis of Spiro‐Pyrrolidine‐Pyr­azolones by Squaramide‐Catalyzed Cascade Aza‐Michael/Michael Reactions
Authors: Li Jun‐Hua , Wen Hongliang , Liu Lei , Du Da‐Ming 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA new method was developed to rapidly generate a series of spiro‐pyrrolidine‐pyrazolones by using a squaramide‐catalyzed cascade aza‐Michael/Michael addition of either tosylaminomethyl enones or enoates to unsaturated pyrazolones. This tandem reaction sequence proceeded well by using 5 mol‐% of a chiral bifunctional tertiary amine squaramide catalyst to afford the desired products in good to excellent yields (up to 98 %) with excellent diastereoselectivities [up to >20:1 diastereomeric ratio (dr)] and high to excellent enantioselectivities (up to 98 % ee).
Small Donor–Acceptor Molecules Based on a Quinoline–Fluorene System with Promising Photovoltaic Properties
Authors: Slodek Aneta , Matussek Marek , Filapek Michal , Szafraniec‐Gorol Grazyna , Szlapa Agata , Grudzka‐Flak Iwona , Szczurek Magdalena , Malecki Jan Grzegorz , Maron Anna , Schab‐Balcerzak Ewa , Nowak Elzbieta M. , Sanetra Jerzy , Olejnik Marian , Danikiewicz Witold , Krompiec Stanislaw 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA series of small donor–acceptor (D–A) systems based on quinoline derivatives bearing a fluorenyl motif were synthesized through Ru‐catalyzed reactions. Their photophysical, electrochemical, and structural properties were investigated deeply. The photoluminescence spectra of most of the compounds were characterized by an intense band at λ ≈ 400 nm, whereas a redshifted band occurred at λ = 560 nm if the substituent of the quinoline was changed to the strongly electron‐withdrawing NO2 group. Most of the synthesized compounds exhibited appealing luminescence and electrical properties, which might make them useful materials for photovoltaics. Preliminary electrical conductivity measurements of indium tin oxide/compound/Al devices showed that the current is enhanced as the applied voltage increases and, therefore, proved the semiconducting properties of the investigated compounds. Moreover, one of the synthesized compound was tested as a component of the active layer in a bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cell, and a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 0.25 % was obtained.