bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apparel firms’ corporate social responsibility communications
Authors: Woo Hongjoo , Jin Byoungho 
Published: December 2015

Purpose– Corporate social responsibility (CSR) communication is a strategy to address companies’ goodwill to the society. Based on the institutional theory suggesting the influence of environmental factors of companies’ country-of-origins on their marketing practices, the purpose of this paper is to explore and compare the CSR communication practices of apparel firms from different countries.Design/methodology/approach– As a case study approach, this study investigates six apparel firms’ CSR communication disclosures on the official websites using a content analysis method and the Global Reporting Initiative’s categorial CSR reporting guidelines.Findings– Findings revealed that the six firms’ CSR communication adoption levels and focusses varied; the USA firms largely focussed on labor issues, while the European firms focussed on environmental issues and the Asian firms centered on social issues.Research limitations/implications– Although this study has limitations that pertain to case studies in general, this study provides academic contributions to the literature and managerial implications about different CSR focusses and communication activities across countries.Originality/value– CSR is especially important for the apparel business that highly involves social issues such as labor-intensive production. However, limited research showed how apparel firms are actually communicating CSR. This study was one of the early attempts on this topic.
Principal leadership and school capacity effects on teacher learning in Hong Kong
Authors: Li Lijuan , Hallinger Philip , Ko James 
Published: December 2015

Purpose
– Over the past decade, studies of school leadership effects have increasingly aimed at identifying and validating the paths through which principal leadership impacts key teaching and learning processes in schools. A recent meta-analysis by Robinson and colleagues identified principal practices that shape teacher professional development experiences in schools as the highest impact path used by instructional leaders. The purpose of this paper is to examine relationships between principal leadership, dimensions of school capacity, and teacher professional learning in 32 Hong Kong primary schools.

Design/methodology/approach
– The study employed a cross-sectional research design and quantitative methods to analyze teacher perceptions of principal leadership and key school conditions. The research employed hierarchical linear regression analysis to explore survey data collected from a sample of 970 teachers. The surveys covered a range of principal leadership and school capacity dimensions, as well as a measure of teacher professional learning.

Findings
– Results indicated that multiple dimensions of principal leadership made significant contributions to both school capacity and teacher professional learning. The presence of cooperation, trust, communication, support for students, and alignment, coherence, and structure in schools also affected teacher professional learning.

Research limitations/implications
– These findings contribute to the global discourse on leadership for learning. The study addresses the need established by multiple scholars (e.g. Leithwood, Hallinger, Heck, Robinson, Witziers) for research that further illuminates “paths” and “intermediate targets” through which leadership impacts teaching and learning. The findings elaborate on the means by which leadership can enhance school capacities that directly impact teacher classroom practice and student learning. Consistent with other scholarly research (e.g. Bryk and Schneider, Louis and colleagues, Sahphier and King) the findings also point toward the importance of establishing selected workplace conditions (e.g. trust, cooperation, communication) as a foundation for fostering teacher professional learning.

Practical implications
– The study reinforces the finding from other studies that it is productive for principals to foster an environment aimed at enhancing teacher professionalism. The study also highlights the potentially dysfunctional consequences that can arise from competing system-level initiatives aimed at increasing monitoring and teacher accountability and fostering teacher professionalism.

Originality/value
– The study contributes to a small but growing body of leadership effects research conducted in non-Western societies. As such the study offers insights with relevance for understanding leadership processes in other Asian and non-Western cultures.
Factors affecting teachers’ motivation
Authors: Rasheed Muhammad Imran , Humayon Asad Afzal , Awan Usama , Ahmed Affan ud Din 
Published: December 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to explore/investigate various issues of teachers
'
motivation in public sector Higher Educational Institutions of Pakistan.

Design/methodology/approach
– This is an exploratory research where surveys have been conducted in the well known public sector Universities of Pakistan; primary data have been collected through questionnaire and in depth face to face interviews.

Findings
– Findings of the research have shown that although compensation packages and financial incentives are important factors for employees in the competitive market environment of the higher education sector but some other factors like job design and working environment, performance management system, and training and development are also significant. The research has also explored various issues being faced by teachers in public sector HEIs related to the above mentioned factors.

Originality/value
– This study can play a vital role in compelling the higher education authorities to ponder over the motivational issues of teachers in universities. The research can prove to be an effectual document for other worldwide universities where teachers are facing similar issues.
Estimating nutrition-income elasticities in sub-Saharan Africa: implications on health
Authors: Ogundari Kolawole , Ito Shoichi , Okoruwa Victor O 
Published: December 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine how the intakes of calories, proteins, and fats vary with income in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).

Design/methodology/approach
– Annual time series data for 43 countries covering 1975-2009 that yields a balanced panel was employed for analysis. Nutrient-income elasticities are estimated based on the aggregate Engel Curve framework, using a feasible generalized least squares (FGLS) technique that is robust to autocorrelation.

Findings
– The estimated nutrient-income elasticities are small: a 10 percent increase in income will lead, respectively, to rises of about 0.73, 0.87, and 0.90 percent in calories, proteins, and fats intake; showing that policies that are aimed at eliminating malnutrition through only the growth of per capita income will have positive but limited impacts. The estimated aggregate Engel Curve and the non-parametric plots show that at higher income levels the relationship between income and nutrient intake is non-linear and diminished, suggesting a low likelihood for the manifestation of an obesity epidemic in SSA.

Originality/value
– This is the very study that attempts to look at the nutrition-income elasticities at cross-country level in SSA.
Financial integration via panel cointegration approaches in ASEAN+5
Authors: Shafighi Najla , Shaari Abu Hassan , Gharleghi Behrooz , Sarmidi Tamat , Omar Khairuddin 
Published: December 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to identify whether any financial integration exists among ASEAN+5 members and some East Asian countries, including China, Japan, Korea, Hong Kong, and Taiwan, through interest rate, exchange rate, level of prices, and real output.

Design/methodology/approach
– Therefore, the authors intend to identify any long-term relationship among these variables utilizing the data in the most efficient manner via panel cointegration and panel unit root tests. The study likewise uses a panel-based vector error correction (panel-vec) model for comparison and also short-run relationship analysis. The long-run relationship is estimated using dynamic ordinary least square technique and a panel multi-layer perceptron (MLP) neural network.

Findings
– For the ten countries under consideration, the empirical result supports the long-run equilibrium relationship among real output, exchange rate, interest rate, and level of prices, and that the cointegration relationship implies unidirectional causality from exchange rate to real output. This result is favorable to a model that contains real output as a dependent variable and exchange rate, interest rate, and level of prices as explanatory variables. Panel-vec results indicate no evidence of short-run causality from exchange rate to real output. Furthermore, the comparison result of long-run equation estimation shows the superiority of neural networks over econometric models.

Originality/value
– This paper adds to the literature by examining the financial cointegration using a panel model that contains real exchange rate, interest rate, real output, and inflation rate in ASEAN+5. Additionally this paper applied the MLP neural network to yield a robust estimation of the long-run equation obtained among the variables.
Utility of flexion–extension radiography for the detection of ligamentous cervical spine injury and its current role in the clearance of the cervical spine
Authors: Oh Jason Jaeseong , Asha Stephen Edward 
Published: December 2015

AbstractDetecting the presence of injuries to the cervical spine is an important component of the initial assessment of patients sustaining blunt trauma. A small proportion of cervical spine injuries consists of ligamentous disruption. Accurate detection of ligamentous injury is essential as it may result in sequelae including radiculopathy, quadriplegia and death. Flexion–extension (FE) radiography has traditionally been utilised for the detection of ligamentous injury in patients who have been cleared of bony injury. There are controversies surrounding the use of FE for alert patients with neck pain. There are studies that call into question the diagnostic accuracy of FE, the high proportion of inadequate FE images due to muscle spasm and the adverse effects of prolonged cervical collar immobilisation while awaiting FE. Other literature indicates that FE provides no additional diagnostic information following a multi‐detector helical computed tomography. This review evaluates the literature on the utility of FE for the detection of ligamentous injury and explores alternate strategies for clearing the cervical spine of ligamentous injury.
RANZCR Celebrates 80 Years
Authors: Milross Chris 
Published: December 2015

Abstract2015 marks the 80th anniversary of the formation of the Australian and New Zealand Association of Radiology (ANZAR) in 1935. The association underwent several name changes over the following decades, finally becoming The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists (RANZCR) in 1998. The following is the text from the speech given by the President of the College, A/Prof Chris Milross, at the 2015 RANZCR Annual Scientific Meeting to mark the anniversary.
A simple method for isocapnic hyperventilation evaluated in a lung model
Authors: Hallén K. , Stenqvist O. , Ricksten S.‐E. , Lindgren S. 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundIsocapnic hyperventilation (IHV) has the potential to increase the elimination rate of anaesthetic gases and has been shown to shorten time to wake‐up and post‐operative recovery time after inhalation anaesthesia. In this bench test, we describe a technique to achieve isocapnia during hyperventilation (HV) by adding carbon dioxide (CO2) directly to the breathing circuit of a standard anaesthesia apparatus with standard monitoring equipment.MethodsInto a mechanical lung model, carbon dioxide was added to simulate a CO2 production (Vco2) of 175, 200 and 225 ml/min. Dead space (VD) volume could be set at 44, 92 and 134 ml. From baseline ventilation (BLV), HV was achieved by doubling the minute ventilation and fresh gas flow for each level of Vco2, and dead space. During HV, CO2 was delivered (Dco2) by a precision flow meter via a mixing box to the inspiratory limb of the anaesthesia circuit to achieve isocapnia.ResultsDuring HV, the alveolar ventilation increased by 113 ± 6%. Tidal volume increased by 20 ± 0.1% during IHV irrespective of VD and Vco2 level. Dco2 varied between 147 ± 8 and 325 ± 13 ml/min. Low Vco2 and large VD demanded a greater Dco2 administration to achieve isocapnia. The FICO2 level during IHV varied between 2.3% and 3.3%.ConclusionIt is possible to maintain isocapnia during HV by delivering carbon dioxide through a standard anaesthesia circuit equipped with modern monitoring capacities. From alveolar ventilation, CO2 production and dead space, the amount of carbon dioxide that is needed to achieve IHV can be estimated.
Global genome splicing analysis reveals an increased number of alternatively spliced genes with aging
Authors: Rodríguez Sofía A. , Grochová Diana , McKenna Tomás , Borate Bhavesh , Trivedi Niraj S. , Erdos Michael R. , Eriksson Maria 
Published: December 2015

SummaryAlternative splicing (AS) is a key regulatory mechanism for the development of different tissues; however, not much is known about changes to alternative splicing during aging. Splicing events may become more frequent and widespread genome‐wide as tissues age and the splicing machinery stringency decreases. Using skin, skeletal muscle, bone, thymus, and white adipose tissue from wild‐type C57BL6/J male mice (4 and 18 months old), we examined the effect of age on splicing by AS analysis of the differential exon usage of the genome. The results identified a considerable number of AS genes in skeletal muscle, thymus, bone, and white adipose tissue between the different age groups (ranging from 27 to 246 AS genes corresponding to 0.3–3.2% of the total number of genes analyzed). For skin, skeletal muscle, and bone, we included a later age group (28 months old) that showed that the number of alternatively spliced genes increased with age in all three tissues (P < 0.01). Analysis of alternatively spliced genes across all tissues by gene ontology and pathway analysis identified 158 genes involved in RNA processing. Additional analysis of AS in a mouse model for the premature aging disease Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome was performed. The results show that expression of the mutant protein, progerin, is associated with an impaired developmental splicing. As progerin accumulates, the number of genes with AS increases compared to in wild‐type skin. Our results indicate the existence of a mechanism for increased AS during aging in several tissues, emphasizing that AS has a more important role in the aging process than previously known.
Diagnosing Acute Heart Failure in the Emergency Department: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Martindale Jennifer L. , Wakai Abel , Collins Sean P. , Levy Phillip D. , Diercks Deborah , Hiestand Brian C. , Fermann Gregory J. , deSouza Ian , Sinert Richard 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundAcute heart failure (AHF) is one of the most common diagnoses assigned to emergency department (ED) patients who are hospitalized. Despite its high prevalence in the emergency setting, the diagnosis of AHF in ED patients with undifferentiated dyspnea can be challenging.ObjectivesThe primary objective of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta‐analysis of the operating characteristics of diagnostic elements available to the emergency physician for diagnosing AHF. Secondary objectives were to develop a test–treatment threshold model and to calculate interval likelihood ratios (LRs) for natriuretic peptides (NPs) by pooling patient‐level results.MethodsPubMed, EMBASE, and selected bibliographies were searched from January 1965 to March 2015 using MeSH terms to address the ability of the following index tests to predict AHF as a cause of dyspnea in adult patients in the ED: history and physical examination, electrocardiogram, chest radiograph (CXR), B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP), N‐terminal proB‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP), lung ultrasound (US), bedside echocardiography, and bioimpedance. A diagnosis of AHF based on clinical data combined with objective test results served as the criterion standard diagnosis. Data were analyzed using Meta‐DiSc software. Authors of all NP studies were contacted to obtain patient‐level data. The Quality Assessment Tool for Diagnostic Accuracy Studies‐2 (QUADAS‐2) for systematic reviews was utilized to evaluate the quality and applicability of the studies included.ResultsBased on the included studies, the prevalence of AHF ranged from 29% to 79%. Index tests with pooled positive LRs ≥ 4 were the auscultation of S3 on physical examination (4.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.7 to 5.9), pulmonary edema on both CXR (4.8, 95% CI = 3.6 to 6.4) and lung US (7.4, 95% CI = 4.2 to 12.8), and reduced ejection fraction observed on bedside echocardiogram (4.1, 95% CI = 2.4 to 7.2). Tests with low negative LRs were BNP < 100 pg/mL (0.11, 95% CI = 0.07 to 0.16), NT‐proBNP < 300 pg/mL (0.09, 95% CI = 0.03 to 0.34), and B‐line pattern on lung US LR (0.16, 95% CI = 0.05 to 0.51). Interval LRs of BNP concentrations at the low end of “positive” results as defined by a cutoff of 100 pg/mL were substantially lower (100 to 200 pg/mL; 0.29, 95% CI = 0.23 to 0.38) than those associated with higher BNP concentrations (1000 to 1500 pg/mL; 7.12, 95% CI = 4.53 to 11.18). The interval LR of NT‐proBNP concentrations even at very high values (30,000 to 200,000 pg/mL) was 3.30 (95% CI = 2.05 to 5.31).ConclusionsBedside lung US and echocardiography appear to the most useful tests for affirming the presence of AHF while NPs are valuable in excluding the diagnosis.
Chronic EtOH effects on putative measures of compulsive behavior in mice
Authors: Radke Anna K. , Jury Nicholas J. , Kocharian Adrina , Marcinkiewcz Catherine A. , Lowery‐Gionta Emily G. , Pleil Kristen E. , McElligott Zoe A. , McKlveen Jessica M. , Kash Thomas L. , Holmes Andrew 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAddictions, including alcohol use disorders, are characterized by the loss of control over drug seeking and consumption, but the neural circuits and signaling mechanisms responsible for the transition from controlled use to uncontrolled abuse remain incompletely understood. Prior studies have shown that ‘compulsive‐like’ behaviors in rodents, for example, persistent responding for ethanol (EtOH) despite punishment, are increased after chronic exposure to EtOH. The main goal of the current study was to assess the effects of chronic intermittent EtOH (CIE) exposure on multiple, putative measures of compulsive‐like EtOH seeking in C57BL/6 J mice. Mice were exposed to two or four weekly cycles of CIE and then, post‐withdrawal, tested for progressive ratio responding for EtOH, sustained responding during signaled EtOH unavailability and (footshock) punished suppression of responding for EtOH. Results showed that mice exposed to CIE exhibited attenuated suppression of EtOH seeking during punishment, as compared with air‐exposed controls. By contrast, CIE exposure affected neither punished food reward‐seeking behavior, nor other putative measures of compulsive‐like EtOH seeking. Ex vivo reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis of brain tissue found reduced sensitivity to punished EtOH seeking after CIE exposure was accompanied by a significant increase in gene expression of the GluN1 and GluN2A subunits of the N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor, specifically in the medial orbitofrontal cortex. Moreover, slice electrophysiological analysis revealed increased N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor‐mediated currents in the orbitofrontal cortex after CIE exposure in test‐naïve mice. Collectively, the current findings add to the growing body of evidence demonstrating that chronic exposure to EtOH fosters resistance to punished EtOH seeking in association with adaptations in cortical glutamatergic transmission.
Prefrontal functional connectivity measured with near‐infrared spectroscopy during smoking cue exposure
Authors: Kroczek Agnes M. , Haeussinger Florian B. , Fallgatter Andreas J. , Batra Anil , Ehlis Ann‐Christine 
Published: December 2015

AbstractCue reactivity (CR) is an important concept for relapse in substance use disorders (SUD). Although cue exposure (CE) therapy is discussed as relapse prevention, current approaches still need improvement considering its efficacy. From a neurobiological perspective, CR is related to an over‐activation in sensitized subcortical structures, their projections to motivationally relevant cortical structures (e.g. orbitofrontal cortex, OFC) and deficient prefrontal inhibitory control. Therefore, we analyzed prefrontal cortical activation and its relation to craving during smoking CE. We focused on the OFC—as a projection area of sensitized subcortical structures—due its importance in the processing of reinforcement value and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) based on its importance for behavioral inhibition. Functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to assess hemodynamics in prefrontal regions during smoking CE in 24 subjects (n = 12 occasional smokers, n = 12 controls). Subjective craving intensity (minimum craving as marker of baseline inhibition, range as marker of inhibition time course) was additionally assessed. Craving ratings indicated that CR was elicited solely in smokers, not controls. Those subjective ratings correlated with hemodynamic activity in OFC (craving range) and dlPFC (minimum craving). OFC activation was found earlier throughout the CE in smokers compared to controls. Connectivity (seed‐based correlation) between OFC and dlPFC was increased in smokers. fNIRS can capture prefrontal hemodynamic activity involved in CR elicited during CE and is therefore a promising method to investigate CR and its implications for relapse prevention in SUD.
Oropharyngeal cancer and human papilloma virus: evolving diagnostic and management paradigms
Authors: Buckley Lisa , Gupta Ruta , Ashford Bruce , Jabbour Joe , Clark Jonathan R. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe significant increase in human papilloma virus (HPV)‐associated oropharyngeal carcinoma (OPC) over recent years has lead to a surge in research and an improved understanding of the disease. Most patients with HPV‐associated OPC present with cystic nodal metastases with a small primary tumour, and respond well to all treatment modalities including primary surgery and primary chemoradiotherapy. Current research is evaluating treatment de‐escalation to reduce long‐term treatment‐associated morbidities. Transoral robotic surgery (TORS) is particularly relevant as the transoral approach allows small primary tumours to be removed with lower morbidity than traditional surgical approaches. The current American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system for oropharyngeal cancer does not appropriately stratify HPV‐associated OPC; hence, alternative risk stratification and staging classifications are being proposed.