bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Home Environment Shapes Emotional Eating
Authors: Herle Moritz , Fildes Alison , Rijsdijk Frühling , Steinsbekk Silje , Llewellyn Clare 
Published: April 2017

Emotional overeating (EOE) is the tendency to eat more in response to negative emotions; its etiology in early life is unknown. We established the relative genetic and environmental influences on EOE in toddlerhood and early childhood. Data were from Gemini, a population‐based cohort of 2,402 British twins born in 2007. EOE was measured using the “emotional overeating” scale of the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ) at 16 months and 5 years. A longitudinal quantitative genetic model established that genetic influences on EOE were minimal; on the other hand, shared environmental influences explained most of the variance. EOE was moderately stable from 16 months to 5 years and continuing environmental factors shared by twin pairs at both ages explained the longitudinal association.
Global patterns and trends in human–wildlife conflict compensation
Authors: Ravenelle Jeremy , Nyhus Philip J. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractHuman–wildlife conflict is a major conservation challenge, and compensation for wildlife damage is a widely used economic tool to mitigate this conflict. The effectiveness of this management tool is widely debated. The relative importance of factors associated with compensation success is unclear, and little is known about global geographic or taxonomic differences in the application of compensation programs. We reviewed research on wildlife‐damage compensation to determine geographic and taxonomic gaps, analyze patterns of positive and negative comments related to compensation, and assess the relative magnitude of global compensation payments. We analyzed 288 publications referencing wildlife compensation and identified 138 unique compensation programs. These publications reported US$222 million (adjusted for inflation) spent on compensation in 50 countries since 1980. Europeans published the most articles, and compensation funding was highest in Europe, where depredation by wolves and bears was the most frequently compensated damage. Authors of the publications we reviewed made twice as many negative comments as positive comments about compensation. Three‐quarters of the negative comments related to program administration. Conversely, three‐quarters of the positive comments related to program outcomes. The 3 most common suggestions to improve compensation programs included requiring claimants to employ damage‐prevention practices, such as improving livestock husbandry or fencing of crops to receive compensation (n = 25, 15%); modifying ex post compensation schemes to some form of outcome‐based performance payment (n = 21, 12%); and altering programs to make compensation payments more quickly (n = 14, 8%). We suggest that further understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of compensation as a conflict‐mitigation tool will require more systematic evaluation of the factors driving these opinions and that differentiating process and outcomes and understanding linkages between them will result in more fruitful analyses and ultimately more effective conflict mitigation.
Correlates of verbal and physical aggression among patrons of licensed venues in Australia
Authors: Hyder Shannon , Coomber Kerri , Pennay Amy , Droste Nicolas , Curtis Ashlee , Mayshak Richelle , Lam Tina , Gilmore William , Chikritzhs Tanya , Miller Peter G. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIntroduction and AimsThe current study aimed to examine the association between patron demographics and substance use, and experiences of verbal and physical aggressive incidents within the last 3 months among patrons of night‐time entertainment precincts (NEP) in Australia.Design and MethodsPatron interviews (n = 4216) were conducted around licensed venues in the NEPs of five Australian cities. Seven correlates of verbal and physical aggressive incidents were examined: gender, age, occupation, blood alcohol concentration, pre‐drinking, energy drink use and illicit drug use in the current session.ResultsA total of 7.5% and 8.2% of respondents reported involvement in a verbally and physically aggressive incident in the past 3 months, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression models indicated men and people <25 years old were significantly more likely to report both verbal and physical aggressive incidents. A significant occupation effect showed lower levels of both verbal and physical aggression in managers/professionals compared with non‐office workers. The likelihood of being involved in a verbally aggressive incident significantly increased with energy drink consumption, while the likelihood of being involved in a physically aggressive incident significantly increased with blood alcohol concentration, energy drink consumption and illicit drug use.Discussion and ConclusionsThis study highlights the different correlates of verbal and physical aggression within NEPs, suggesting they should be viewed as distinct types of violence, rather than points on a continuum. Major modifiable correlates with verbal and physical aggression included intoxication, energy drink consumption, and illicit drug use, suggesting the need for further interventions and policy development to address these key issues. [Hyder S, Coomber K, Pennay A, Droste N, Curtis A, Mayshak R, Lam T, Gilmore W, Chikritzhs T, Miller PG. Correlates of verbal and physical aggression among patrons of licensed venues in Australia. Drug Alcohol Rev 2018;37:6–13]
Non‐smoker assertive behaviour against smoke exposure: Chinese and Korean American non‐smokers
Authors: Saw Anne , Tang Hao , Tsoh Janice Y. , Chen Moon S. , Tong Elisa K. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIntroduction and Aims. Non‐smokers' assertive behaviour towards smokers by asking them not to smoke is important in promoting smoke‐free environments. Korean and Chinese Americans come from countries where most women are non‐smokers and assertive behaviour may not be prevalent but may increase after migration because of social‐ecological factors. This study assessed the extent to which Korean and Chinese American non‐smokers ask someone not to smoke and associated factors. Design and Methods. The 2003 California Chinese American and Korean American Tobacco Use Surveys were analysed. Multivariate logistic regression analyses examined factors related to non‐smoker self‐reports that they asked someone not to smoke within the past year. Results. About 40% reported past‐year assertive behaviour against smoking, with higher rates among Koreans than Chinese (60.4% vs. 34.5%), those living with smokers (63.5%), ever exposed with a smoke‐free home rule (62.3%), recently exposed at work without a smoke‐free work policy (67.6%) and regularly exposed at other locations (52.3%). In combined multivariate analyses of both ethnic groups, assertive behaviour was associated with individual factors (single vs. married; tobacco exposure knowledge), family factors (living with smokers, exposed at home despite a smoke‐free rule), community factors (exposed at work with no smoke‐free policy, exposed at other locations) and cultural factors (Korean vs. Chinese ethnicity; lower acculturation). Discussion and Conclusions. Chinese and Korean American non‐smokers report assertive behaviour against smoking, which is associated with social‐ecological factors. Results help identify target groups and strategies for future intervention, including the need to implement or enforce smoke‐free environments and promote empowerment. [Saw A, Tang H, Tsoh JY, Chen MS Jr, Tong EK. Non‐smoker assertive behaviour against smoke exposure: Chinese and Korean American non‐smokers.
On Academic Rankings, Unacceptable Methods, and the Social Obligations of Business Schools
Authors: Bachrach Daniel G. , Bendoly Elliot , Beu Ammeter Danielle , Blackburn Richard , Brown Kenneth G. , Burke Gerry , Callahan Ty , Chen Kay Yut , Day Vikki Haag , Ellstrand Alan E. , Erekson O. Homer , Gomez Jaime Alonso , Greenlee Tim , Handfield Rob , Loudder Martha L. , Malhotra Manoj , Petroni Kathy Ruby , Sevilla Alex , Shafer Scott , Shih Margaret , Voss Doug 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTInspired by recent discussions of the systematic costs that external rankings impose on academic institutions, and the undeniable shifts in the landscape of institutional data, a concerted and pragmatic re‐evaluation of ranking efforts has begun. In this study, multiple administrators and researchers representing both public and private institutions across the United States weigh in on these issues. While reaffirming the social contract we hold with society, we argue that the fundamental methodological shortcomings of existing rankings, and ultimately any ordinal ranking system, limit the value of current rankings. These shortcomings emerge from the conceptualization and the architecture of comparisons, and are evident in survey designs, data collection methods, and data aggregation procedures. Our discussion continues by outlining the minimal requirements that a socially responsible, transparent, flexible, and highly representative rating (vs. ranking) approach should employ. Ultimately, we call on academic institutions and organizing bodies to take a collective stand against existing rankings and to embrace the strategic use of multidimensional alternatives that faithfully serve prospective students, parents, and other key stakeholders. We conclude with a number of suggestions and opportunities for practice‐oriented research in the decision sciences aimed to support this fundamental shift in evaluative framing.
Cerebrospinal fluid cyto‐/chemokine profile during acute herpes simplex virus induced anti‐N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor encephalitis and in chronic neurological sequelae
Authors: Kothur Kavitha , Gill Deepak , Wong Melanie , Mohammad Shekeeb S , Bandodkar Sushil , Arbunckle Susan , Wienholt Louise , Dale Russell C 
Published: April 2017

AimTo examine the cytokine/chemokine profile of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) during acute herpes simplex virus‐induced N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor (NMDAR) autoimmunity and in chronic/relapsing post‐herpes simplex virus encephalitis (HSE) neurological syndromes.MethodWe measured longitudinal serial CSF cyto‐/chemokines (n=34) and a glial marker (calcium‐binding astroglial protein, S100B) in one patient during acute HSE and subsequent anti‐NMDAR encephalitis, and compared the results with those from two patients with anti‐NMDAR encephalitis without preceding HSE. We also compared cyto‐/chemokines in cross‐sectional CSF samples from three children with previous HSE who had ongoing chronic or relapsing neurological symptoms (2yr 9 mo–16y after HSE) with those in a group of children having non‐inflammatory neurological conditions (n=20).ResultsAcute HSE showed elevation of a broad range of all T‐helper‐subset‐related cyto‐/chemokines and S100B whereas the post‐HSE anti‐NMDAR encephalitis phase showed persistent elevation of two of five T‐helper‐1 (chemokine [C‐X‐C motif] ligand 9 [CXCL9], CXCL10), three of five predominantly B‐cell (CXCL13, CCL19, a proliferation‐inducing ligand [APRIL])‐mediated cyto‐/chemokines, and interferon‐α. The post‐HSE anti‐NMDAR encephalitis inflammatory response was more pronounced than anti‐NMDAR encephalitis. All three chronic post‐HSE cases showed persistent elevation of CXCL9, CXCL10, and interferon‐α, and there was histopathological evidence of chronic lymphocytic inflammation in one biopsied case 7 years after HSE. Two of three chronic cases showed a modest response to immune therapy.InterpretationHSE‐induced anti‐NMDAR encephalitis is a complex and pronounced inflammatory syndrome. There is persistent CSF upregulation of cyto‐/chemokines in chronic or relapsing post‐HSE neurological symptoms, which may be modifiable with immune therapy. The elevated cyto‐/chemokines may be targets of monoclonal therapies.
Two Puzzles Concerning Spinoza's Conception of Belief
Authors: Steinberg Justin 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSpinoza's account of belief entails that if A has two ideas, p and q, with incompatible content, A believes that p (and not that q) if the idea of p is stronger than the idea of q. This seems to leave little space for dominant non‐beliefs, or cases in which there is discord between one's beliefs and one's affective‐behavioral responses. And yet Spinoza does allow for two classes of dominant non‐beliefs: efficacious fictions [fictiones] and ideas that conduce to akrasia. I show how Spinoza can account for dominant non‐beliefs within his model of cognition by distinguishing between the doxastic and the affective powers of ideas and by suggesting that doxastic power is best understood diachronically. While other scholars have stressed the elegance of Spinoza's account of ideas, this paper highlights the sophistication and flexibility of his account.
Factors Driving the Population Growth and Decline of Portuguese Cities
Authors: Barreira Ana Paula , S. Ramalho Joaquim J. , Panagopoulos Thomas , Guimarães Maria Helena 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDespite the worldwide trend of urbanisation, data reveal that some cities are growing whereas others are losing inhabitants. To assess such dynamics in Portuguese cities, demographic, employment, housing, and climate variables were analysed as possible drivers of population change for the period 1991–2011. Panel data models show that higher shares of employment in the secondary and tertiary sectors, higher maximum temperatures, and a higher proportion of middle‐aged vacant houses act as pull factors attracting inhabitants, whereas a higher unemployment rate is a push factor for cities.
Serological biomarkers detect active joint destruction and inflammation in patients with haemophilic arthropathy
Authors: Hua B. , Olsen E. H. N. , Sun S. , Gudme C. N. , Wang L. , Vandahl B. , Roepstorff K. , Kjelgaard‐Hansen M. , Sørensen B. B. , Zhao Y. , Karsdal M. A. , Manon‐Jensen T. 
Published: April 2017

IntroductionProgressive arthropathy caused by recurrent joint bleeds is a severe complication in haemophilia.AimWe investigated whether biomarkers of cartilage and bone degradation, and inflammation were altered in haemophilia patients and whether these biomarkers could identify haemophilia patients with arthropathy.MethodsSerum from 35 haemophilia patients with varying degrees of arthropathy and 43 age‐ and gender‐matched control subjects were analysed. Biomarkers of cartilage degradation (C2M, COMP, CTX‐II, ADAMTS5), cartilage formation (PRO‐C2), bone formation (PINP), bone resorption (CTX‐I) and inflammation (hsCRP, CRPM) were measured by ELISA. Arthropathy was assessed by radiological evaluation (Pettersson score) and physical examination (Gilbert score).ResultsIn patients with haemophilia, cartilage degradation, measured by C2M, CTX‐II and COMP, was increased by 25% (P < 0.05) compared with control subjects. Levels of the cartilage degradation enzyme, ADAMTS5, were 10% lower in haemophilia patients (P < 0.05). Bone formation (PINP) was reduced by 25% (P < 0.05) in haemophilia patients, whereas bone resorption (CTX‐I) was increased by 30% (P < 0.001). Acute inflammation (hsCRP) was increased by 50% (P < 0.01), whereas chronic inflammation (CRPM) was decreased by 25% (P < 0.0001). The hsCRP/CRPM ratio was 60% higher (P < 0.001) in haemophilia patients relative to control subjects. A biomarker panel combining C2M, CRPM, and ADAMTS5 could distinguish haemophilia patients from control subjects with 85.3% accuracy (P < 0.0001). We found no strong correlation between biomarkers and radiological and physical examination of the joint.ConclusionBiomarkers detect increased cartilage and bone degradation, and altered inflammatory activity in haemophilia patients with arthropathy. These biomarkers could potentially be used to identify patients with progressing joint disease.
Discrepancies between the one‐stage clotting assay and the chromogenic assay in haemophilia B
Authors: Kihlberg K. , Strandberg K. , Rosén S. , Ljung R. , Astermark J. 
Published: April 2017

IntroductionAssay discrepancy in factor VIII activity between the one‐stage and the chromogenic assays has been described in approximately one third of patients with non‐severe haemophilia A. Whether assay discrepancy may also occur in patients with haemophilia B remains unknown.AimThis study compared the results from the one‐stage and the chromogenic assays in patients with haemophilia B.MethodsPlasma samples from patients with haemophilia B attending the haemophilia centre in Malmö, Sweden, were collected after a wash‐out period of more than 7 days and analysed with both assays.ResultsFifty samples from 36 patients were analysed. No discrepancy was found in patients with severe haemophilia B. Among the 44 plasma samples from patients with non‐severe disease, 15 showed a twofold or greater difference between the results of the two methods, with the chromogenic method presenting the higher value (mean FIX:Cone‐stage 0.02 vs. FIX:Cchromo 0.06 IU mL−1). Of these 15 samples, 14 were from seven individuals from five families with the same mutated amino acid at the N‐terminal cleaving site of the activation peptide (FIX: c.572G>A; p.Arg191His or FIX: c.571C>T; p.Arg191Cys). These mutations were not observed in any patients with non‐discrepant results. The reported bleeding frequency for these patients was low and indicative of a mild bleeding phenotype.ConclusionOur findings imply that assay discrepancy occurs for factor IX activity and that both type of assays are needed for a correct diagnosis and classification of haemophilia B. The underlying mechanism by which the mutation influences the assays remains to be determined.
Developing social marketed individual preconception care consultations: Which consumer preferences should it meet?
Authors: van Voorst Sabine F. , ten Kate Chantal A. , de Jong‐Potjer Lieke C. , Steegers Eric A. P. , Denktaş Semiha 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimsPreconception care (PCC) is care that aims to improve the health of offspring by addressing risk factors in the pre‐pregnancy period. Consultations are recognized as a method to promote perinatal health. However, prospective parents underutilize PCC services. Uptake can improve if delivery approaches satisfy consumer preferences. Aim of this study was to identify preferences of women (consumers) as a first step to social marketed individual PCC consultations.MethodsIn depth, semi‐structured interviews were performed to identify women's views regarding the four components of the social marketing model: product (individual PCC consultation), place (setting), promotion (how women are made aware of the product) and price (costs). Participants were recruited from general practices and a midwife's practice. Content analysis was performed by systematic coding with NVIVO software.ResultsThe 39 participants reflected a multiethnic intermediately educated population. Product: Many participants had little knowledge of the need and the benefits of the product. Regarding the content of PCC, they wish to address fertility concerns and social aspects of parenthood. PCC was seen as an informing and coaching service with a predominant role for health‐care professionals. Place: the general practitioner and midwife setting was the most mentioned setting. Promotion: A professional led promotion approach was preferred. Price: Introduction of a fee for PCC consultations will make people reconsider their need for a consultation and could exclude vulnerable patients from utilization.ConclusionThis study provides consumer orientated data to design a social marketed delivery approach for individual PCC consultations.
Effect of ultrasonic activation on the reduction of bacteria and endotoxins in root canals: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Nakamura V. C. , Pinheiro E. T. , Prado L. C. , Silveira A. C. , Carvalho A. P. L. , Mayer M. P. A. , Gavini G. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimThis randomized clinical trial aimed to compare the effectiveness of ultrasonic activation with that of nonactivated irrigation on the removal of bacteria and endotoxin from root canals.MethodologyFifty patients with necrotic pulps and asymptomatic apical periodontitis were randomly allocated into two groups according to the final irrigation protocol after root canal preparation: Group UI – ultrasonic irrigation (n = 25) and Group NI – needle irrigation (n = 25). The root canals were medicated with calcium hydroxide for 14 days. Microbiological sampling was performed before (S1) and after the root canal preparation (S2), after the irrigation protocols (S3) and after the removal of the intracanal medication (S4). Total bacteria counts were determined by qPCR and the endotoxin levels by the limulus amebocyte lysate assay. Intragroup analyses were performed using the Wilcoxon test for related samples, whereas intergroup analyses were performed using the Mann–Whitney U‐test (P < 0.05).ResultsAll S1 samples were positive for bacteria, with median numbers of 1.49 × 106 and 8.55 × 105 bacterial cells for the UI and NI groups, respectively. This number significantly decreased in S2 samples (UI: 1.41 × 104; NI: 3.53 × 104; both with P < 0.001). After final irrigation protocols, there was a significant decrease in bacterial load from S2 to S3 samples in both groups (UI: 4.29 × 103; NI: 1.08 × 104; P < 0.01). Intergroup analysis revealed a significant difference between irrigation methods regarding bacterial counts in S3 samples (P < 0.05). In contrast, no significant differences were observed between groups for endotoxin levels (P > 0.05).ConclusionsUltrasonic activation was more effective than nonactivated irrigation for reducing the number of bacteria but not the endotoxin levels in root canals of teeth with apical periodontitis.
Comparison of cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and immunological inflammatory biomarker activity of several endodontic sealers against immortalized human pulp cells
Authors: Martinho F. C. , Camargo S. E. A. , Fernandes A. M. M. , Campos M. S. , Prado R. F. , Camargo C. H. R. , Valera M. C. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimTo establish an SV40 T‐Ag‐transfected cell line of human pulp‐derived cells in order to compare the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and to investigate the activities of immunological biomarkers of several endodontic sealers.MethodologyPrimary human pulp cells and transfected cells were cultured. Cell morphology and proliferation were analysed, and the expression of cell‐specific gene transcripts and proteins was detected by RT–PCR and immunohistochemistry. Transfection of human pulp‐derived cells resulted in an immortalized cell line retaining phenotypic characteristics from the primarily cells tested. The SV40 T‐Ag‐transfected cells were cultured and stimulated by sealers (Apexit Plus, Real Seal, AH Plus, and EndoREZ) to evaluate the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity by MTT and MTN assays, respectively. Immunological inflammatory biomarkers (IL6, IL8 and TNF‐α) were determined by ELISA assay. The differences between median values were statistically analysed using Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn's tests at 5% significance level.ResultsThe cytotoxicity assay revealed that multimethacrylate (Real Seal) was the most cytotoxic sealer (P < 0.05) and exhibited the highest inflammatory potential against the SV40 T‐Ag‐transfected cells (P < 0.05). All root canal sealers tested were able to stimulate the immortalized pulp cells to produce IL‐6, IL‐8 and TNF‐α, with differences in relation to the control group (P < 0.05). Higher levels of IL‐6, IL‐8 and TNF‐α were found in cell supernatant after stimulation with multimethacrylate (Real Seal) compared to all other sealers tested (P < 0.05). No differences were found comparing epoxy resin‐based sealer (AHPlus), single‐methacrylate sealer (EndoREZ) and calcium hydroxide‐based sealer (Apexit Plus), regardless of the cytokine investigated (all P > 0.05).ConclusionsA SV40 T‐Ag‐transfected cell line of human pulp‐derived cells was established. The methacrylate resin‐based sealer (Real Seal) exhibited the greatest cytoxicity and inflammatory potential against immortalized pulp cells compared to an epoxy resin‐based sealer (AH Plus), a methacrylate‐based sealer (EndoRez) and a calcium hydroxide‐based sealer (Apexit).