bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DETECTION OF POTENTIAL TRANSIT SIGNALS IN 17 QUARTERS OF KEPLER DATA: RESULTS OF THE FINAL KEPLER MISSION TRANSITING PLANET SEARCH (DR25)
Authors: Twicken Joseph D. , Jenkins Jon M. , Seader Shawn E. , Tenenbaum Peter , Smith Jeffrey C. , Brownston Lee S. , Burke Christopher J. , Catanzarite Joseph H. , Clarke Bruce D. , Cote Miles T. , Girouard Forrest R. , Klaus Todd C. , Li Jie , McCauliff Sean D. , Morris Robert L. , Wohler Bill , Campbell Jennifer R. , Uddin Akm Kamal , Zamudio Khadeejah A. , Sabale Anima , Bryson Steven T. , Caldwell Douglas A. , Christiansen Jessie L. , Coughlin Jeffrey L. , Haas Michael R. , Henze Christopher E. , Sanderfer Dwight T. , Thompson Susan E. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
We present results of the final Kepler Data Processing Pipeline search for transiting planet signals in the full 17-quarter primary mission data set. The search includes a total of 198,709 stellar targets, of which 112,046 were observed in all 17 quarters and 86,663 in fewer than 17 quarters. We report on 17,230 targets for which at least one transit signature is identified that meets the specified detection criteria: periodicity, minimum of three observed transit events, detection statistic (i.e., signal-to-noise ratio) in excess of the search threshold, and passing grade on three statistical transit consistency tests. Light curves for which a transit signal is identified are iteratively searched for additional signatures after a limb-darkened transiting planet model is fitted to the data and transit events are removed. The search for additional planets adds 16,802 transit signals for a total of 34,032; this far exceeds the number of transit signatures identified in prior pipeline runs. There was a strategic emphasis on completeness over reliability for the final Kepler transit search. A comparison of the transit signals against a set of 3402 well-established, high-quality Kepler Objects of Interest yields a recovery rate of 99.8%. The high recovery rate must be weighed against a large number of false-alarm detections. We examine characteristics of the planet population implied by the transiting planet model fits with an emphasis on detections that would represent small planets orbiting in the habitable zone of their host stars.
BRIGHT HOT IMPACTS BY ERUPTED FRAGMENTS FALLING BACK ON THE SUN: MAGNETIC CHANNELLING
Authors: Petralia A. , Reale F. , Orlando S. , Testa P. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
Dense plasma fragments were observed to fall back on the solar surface by the Solar Dynamics Observatory after an eruption on 2011 June 7, producing strong extreme-ultraviolet brightenings. Previous studies investigated impacts in regions of weak magnetic field. Here we model the

km s−1 impact of fragments channelled by the magnetic field close to active regions. In the observations, the magnetic channel brightens before the fragment impact. We use a 3D-MHD model of spherical blobs downfalling in a magnetized atmosphere. The blob parameters are constrained from the observation. We run numerical simulations with different ambient densitie and magnetic field intensities. We compare the model emission in the 171 Å channel of the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly with the observed one. We find that a model of downfall channelled in an ∼1 MK coronal loop confined by a magnetic field of ∼10–20 G, best explains qualitatively and quantitatively the observed evolution. The blobs are highly deformed and further fragmented when the ram pressure becomes comparable to the local magnetic pressure, and they are deviated to be channelled by the field because of the differential stress applied by the perturbed magnetic field. Ahead of them, in the relatively dense coronal medium, shock fronts propagate, heat, and brighten the channel between the cold falling plasma and the solar surface. This study shows a new mechanism that brightens downflows channelled by the magnetic field, such as in accreting young stars, and also works as a probe of the ambient atmosphere, providing information about the local plasma density and magnetic field.
MULTI-WAVELENGTH POLARIMETRY AND SPECTRAL STUDY OF THE M87 JET DURING 2002–2008*
Authors: Avachat Sayali S. , Perlman Eric S. , Adams Steven C. , Cara Mihai , Owen Frazer , Sparks William B. , Georganopoulos Markos 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
We present a multi-wavelength polarimetric and spectral study of the M87 jet obtained at sub-arcsecond resolution between 2002 and 2008. The observations include multi-band archival VLA polarimetry data sets along with Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging polarimetry. These observations have better angular resolution than previous work by factors of 2–3 and in addition, allow us to explore the time domain. These observations envelop the huge flare in HST-1 located 0.″86 from the nucleus. The increased resolution enables us to view more structure in each knot, showing several resolved sub-components. We also see apparent helical structure in the polarization vectors in several knots, with polarization vectors turning either clockwise or counterclockwise near the flux maxima in various places as well as showing filamentary undulations. Some of these characteristics are correlated with flux and polarization maxima while others are not. We also examine the total flux and fractional polarization and look for changes in both radio and optical since the observations of Perlman et al. (1999) and test them against various models based on shocks and instabilities in the jet. Our results are broadly consistent with previous spine-sheath models and recollimation shock models; however, they require additional combinations of features to explain the observed complexity, e.g., shearing of magnetic field lines near the jet surface and compression of the toroidal component near shocks. In particular, in many regions we find apparently helical features both in total flux and polarization. We discuss the physical interpretation of these features.
THE MID-INFRARED EVOLUTION OF THE FU ORIONIS DISK
Authors: Green Joel D. , Jones Olivia C. , Keller Luke D. , Poteet Charles A. , Yang Yao-Lun , Fischer William J. , Evans II Neal J. , Sargent Benjamin A. , Rebull Luisa M. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
We present new SOFIA-FORCAST observations obtained in 2016 February of the archetypal outbursting low-mass young stellar object FU Orionis, and we compare the continuum, solid-state, and gas properties with mid-infrared data obtained at the same wavelengths in 2004 with Spitzer-IRS. In this study, we conduct the first mid-infrared spectroscopic comparison of an FUor over a long time period. Over a 12-year period, UBVR monitoring indicates that FU Orionis has continued its steady decrease in overall brightness by ∼14%. We find that this decrease in luminosity occurs only at wavelengths ≲20 μm. In particular, the continuum shortward of the silicate emission complex at 10 μm exhibits a ∼12% (∼3σ) drop in flux density but no apparent change in slope; both the Spitzer and SOFIA spectra are consistent with a 7200 K blackbody. Additionally, the detection of water absorption is consistent with the Spitzer spectrum. The silicate emission feature at 10 μm continues to be consistent with unprocessed grains, unchanged over 12 years. We conclude that either the accretion rate in FU Orionis has decreased by ∼12–14% over this time baseline or the inner disk has cooled, but the accretion disk remains in a superheated state outside the innermost region.
RETURN TO [Log-]NORMALCY: RETHINKING QUENCHING, THE STAR FORMATION MAIN SEQUENCE, AND PERHAPS MUCH MORE
Authors: Abramson Louis E. , Gladders Michael D. , Dressler Alan , Oemler Augustus , Poggianti Bianca , Vulcani Benedetta 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
Knowledge of galaxy evolution rests on cross-sectional observations of different objects at different times. Understanding of galaxy evolution rests on longitudinal interpretations of how these data relate to individual objects moving through time. The connection between the two is often assumed to be clear, but we use a simple “physics-free” model to show that it is not and that exploring its nuances can yield new insights. Comprising nothing more than 2094 loosely constrained lognormal star formation histories (SFHs), the model faithfully reproduces the following data it was not designed to match: stellar mass functions at

the slope of the star formation rate/stellar mass relation (the SFR “Main Sequence”) at

the mean

of low-mass galaxies at

“fast-” and “slow-track” quenching; downsizing; and a correlation between formation timescale and

similar to results from simulations that provides a natural connection to bulge growth. We take these findings—which suggest that quenching is the natural downturn of all SFHs affecting galaxies at rates/times correlated with their densities—to mean that: (1) models in which galaxies are diversified on Hubble timescales by something like initial conditions rival the dominant grow-and-quench framework as good descriptions of the data; or (2) absent spatial information, many metrics of galaxy evolution are too undiscriminating—if not inherently misleading—to confirm a unique explanation. We outline future tests of our model but stress that, even if ultimately incorrect, it illustrates how exploring different paradigms can aid learning and, we hope, more detailed modeling efforts.
EVIDENCE THAT MOST TYPE-1 AGNs ARE REDDENED BY DUST IN THE HOST ISM
Authors: Baron Dalya , Stern Jonathan , Poznanski Dovi , Netzer Hagai 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
The typical optical–UV continuum slopes observed in many type-1 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) are redder than expected from thin accretion disk (AD) models. A possible resolution to this conundrum is that many AGNs are reddened by dust along the line of sight. To explore this possibility, we stack 5000 SDSS AGNs with luminosity

and redshift

in bins of optical continuum slope

and width of the broad Hβ emission line. We measure the equivalent width (EW) of the NaID absorption feature in each stacked spectrum. We find a linear relation between

and EW(NaID), such that EW(NaID) increases as

becomes redder. In the bin with the smallest Hβ width, objects with the bluest slopes, which are similar to AD predictions, are found to have

, supporting the line of sight dust hypothesis. This conclusion is also supported by the dependence of the Hα/Hβ line ratio on

. The implied relationship between continuum slope and dust reddening is given by

, and the implied reddening of a typical type-1 AGN with

is

. Photoionization calculations show that the line of sight dusty gas responsible for reddening is too ionized to produce the observed sodium features. Therefore, we argue that the sodium absorption arises in regions of the host ISM that are shielded from the AGN radiation along lines of sight to the stars, and the correlation with

arises since ISM columns along shielded and non-shielded sightlines are correlated. This scenario is supported by the similarity of the relation between

and the Na i column implied by our results with the relation in the Milky Way found by previous studies.
CLUSTERING OF LOCAL GROUP DISTANCES: PUBLICATION BIAS OR CORRELATED MEASUREMENTS? IV. THE GALACTIC CENTER
Authors: de Grijs Richard , Bono Giuseppe 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
Aiming at deriving a statistically well-justified Galactic Center distance, R
0, and reducing any occurrence of publication bias, we compiled the most comprehensive and most complete database of Galactic Center distances available to date, containing 273 new or revised R
0 estimates published since records began in 1918 October until 2016 June. We separate our R
0 compilation into direct and indirect distance measurements. The latter include a large body of estimates that rely on centroid determinations for a range of tracer populations, as well as measurements based on kinematic observations of objects at the solar circle, combined with a mass and/or rotational model of the Milky Way. Careful assessment of the Galactic Center distances resulting from orbital modeling and statistical parallax measurements in the Galactic nucleus yields our final Galactic Center distance recommendation of

. The centroid-based distances are in good agreement with this recommendation. Neither the direct measurements nor the post-1990 centroid-based distance determinations suggest that publication bias may be important. The kinematics-based distance estimates are affected by significantly larger uncertainties, but they can be used to constrain the Galaxy’s rotation velocity at the solar galactocentric distance,

. Our results imply that the International-Astronomical-Union-recommended Galactic Center distance (

) needs a downward adjustment, while its

recommendation (

km s−1) requires a substantial upward revision.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF LONG AND SHORT GRBS. I. OVERLAPPING PROPERTIES
Authors: Li Ye , Zhang Bing , Lü Hou-Jun 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are classified into long and short categories based on their durations. Broadband studies suggest that these two categories of objects roughly correspond to two different classes of progenitor systems, i.e., compact star mergers (Type I) versus massive star core collapse (Type II). However, the duration criterion sometimes leads to mis-identification of the progenitor systems. We perform a comprehensive multi-wavelength comparative study between duration-defined long GRBs and short GRBs as well as the so-called “consensus” long GRBs and short GRBs (which are believed to be more closely related to the two types of progenitor systems). The parameters we study include two parts: the prompt emission properties including duration (T
90), spectral peak energy (

), low energy photon index (α), isotropic γ-ray energy (

), isotropic peak luminosity (

), and the amplitude parameters (f and

); and the host galaxy properties including stellar mass (

), star formation rate, metallicity ([X/H]), half light radius (R
50), angular and physical (

) offset of the afterglow from the center of the host galaxy, the normalized offset (

), and the brightness fraction

. For most parameters, we find interesting overlapping properties between the two populations in both one-dimensional (1D) and 2D distribution plots. The three best parameters for the purpose of classification are T
90,

, and

. However, no single parameter alone is good enough to place a particular burst into the right physical category, suggesting the need for multiple criteria for physical classification.
IgA Complexes in Plasma and Synovial Fluid of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Induce Neutrophil Extracellular Traps via FcαRI
Authors: Aleyd Esil , Al Marjon , Tuk Cornelis W. , van der Laken Conny J. , van Egmond Marjolein 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Autoantibodies, including rheumatoid factor (RF), are an important characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Interestingly, several studies reported a correlation between the presence of IgA autoantibodies and worse disease course. We demonstrated previously that triggering the IgA Fc receptor (FcαRI) on neutrophils results in neutrophil recruitment and the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Because this can lead to tissue damage, we investigated whether IgA immune complexes in plasma and synovial fluid of RA patients activate neutrophils. RF isotypes were measured with ELISA, and immune complexes were precipitated using polyethylene glycol 6000. Isolated neutrophils were incubated with immune complexes, and activation and release of NETs were determined in the presence or absence of FcαRI-blocking Abs. Plasma and SF of RA patients contained IgM, IgG, and IgA RFs. Patient plasma IgA RF and IgM RF showed a strong correlation. No uptake of IgM and minimal endocytosis of IgG immune complexes by neutrophils was observed, in contrast to avid uptake of IgA complexes. Incubation of neutrophils with immune complexes resulted in the production of reactive oxygen species, as well as the release of NETs, lactoferrin, and chemotactic stimuli. Importantly, activation of neutrophils was reduced when FcαRI was blocked. Neutrophils were activated by IgA immune complexes, which suggests that neutrophils play a role in inducing joint damage in RA patients who have IgA autoantibody complexes, thereby increasing the severity of disease. Blocking FcαRI inhibited neutrophil activation and, as such, may represent an additional attractive novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of RA.
Diversity of Antiviral IgG Effector Activities Observed in HIV-Infected and Vaccinated Subjects
Authors: Huang Yunda , Ferrari Guido , Alter Galit , Forthal Donald N. , Kappes John C. , Lewis George K. , Love J. Christopher , Borate Bhavesh , Harris Linda , Greene Kelli , Gao Hongmei , Phan Tran B. , Landucci Gary , Goods Brittany A. , Dowell Karen G. , Cheng Hao D. , Bailey-Kellogg Chris , Montefiori David C. , Ackerman Margaret E. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Diverse Ab effector functions mediated by the Fc domain have been commonly associated with reduced risk of infection in a growing number of nonhuman primate and human clinical studies. This study evaluated the anti-HIV Ab effector activities in polyclonal serum samples from HIV-infected donors, VAX004 vaccine recipients, and healthy HIV-negative subjects using a variety of primary and cell line–based assays, including Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), Ab-dependent cell-mediated viral inhibition, and Ab-dependent cellular phagocytosis. Additional assay characterization was performed with a panel of Fc-engineered variants of mAb b12. The goal of this study was to characterize different effector functions in the study samples and identify assays that might most comprehensively and dependably capture Fc-mediated Ab functions mediated by different effector cell types and against different viral targets. Deployment of such assays may facilitate assessment of functionally unique humoral responses and contribute to identification of correlates of protection with potential mechanistic significance in future HIV vaccine studies. Multivariate and correlative comparisons identified a set of Ab-dependent cell-mediated viral inhibition and phagocytosis assays that captured different Ab activities and were distinct from a group of ADCC assays that showed a more similar response profile across polyclonal serum samples. The activities of a panel of b12 monoclonal Fc variants further identified distinctions among the ADCC assays. These results reveal the natural diversity of Fc-mediated Ab effector responses among vaccine recipients in the VAX004 trial and in HIV-infected subjects, and they point to the potential importance of polyfunctional Ab responses.
Identification and Function of Fibrocytes in Skeletal Muscle Injury Repair and Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Wang Xingyu , Zhao Wanming , Ransohoff Richard M. , Zhou Lan 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
We identified and characterized the function of CD45+/collagen I+ fibrocytes in acutely injured skeletal muscle of wild-type (WT) and Ccr2−/− mice, and in quadriceps and diaphragm muscles of mdx5cv mice, a mouse model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Fibrocytes were not detected in peripheral blood of WT mice after acute muscle injury or mdx5cv mice. Fibrocytes were detected in acutely injured muscles and in mdx5cv quadriceps and diaphragm muscles. These cells expressed F4/80 and CCR2, and they were mostly Ly6Clo. They expressed a low level of collagens but a high level of profibrotic growth factors as compared with i.m. fibroblasts. Fibrocyte expression of collagens and profibrotic growth factors was not increased in Ccr2−/− mice as compared with WT controls. Fibrocyte expression of both proinflammatory and profibrotic cytokines was significantly higher in mdx5cv diaphragm than in mdx5cv quadriceps. In cocultures, fibrocytes from the mdx5cv diaphragm stimulated a higher level of fibroblast expression of extracellular matrix genes than did those from the mdx5cv quadriceps. Our findings suggest that i.m. fibrocytes most likely originate from infiltrating monocytes/macrophages and differentiate within injured muscles. They likely contribute to the normal muscle injury repair by producing growth factors. They do not appear to contribute to the persistent muscle fibrosis associated with poor injury repair in Ccr2−/− mice. However, they likely contribute to the persistent inflammation and progressive fibrosis in the mdx5cv diaphragm.
Pneumatosis intestinalis: Diagnosis by endoscopic ultrasound-guided puncture
Authors: Yakoob Rafie A. , Sharma Manik , Wani Hamid U. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPneumatosis intestinalis (PI) has been found in association with multiple benign and life-threatening conditions. Primary PI is a benign idiopathic condition in which multiple thin-walled cysts develop in the colon. Most often, this form has no symptoms and is detected incidentally during radiography or endoscopy for other reasons. When the cysts protrude into the lumen, they may mimic polyps or carcinoma. Endoscopic ultrasound can be used to confirm the diagnosis before attempting polypectomy or snare biopsy of the lesions.
Caractérisation de la mobilisation potentielle des polluants inorganiques dans les sols pollués : approche méthodologique
Authors: Blanchard Claire , MOSZKOWICZ Pierre , Sanchez Florence 
Published: November 2016

The specific objective of this study was to characterize the mobility of metals from contaminated soils through laboratory testing. A complete review of leaching/ extraction tests was carried cut in collaboration with the French normalization commetee Afnor). The selected leaching tests (sequential extractions, single extractions, column test and Compact Granular Leach Test) were performed on an artificially contaminated soil (fresh and aged) and an industrial soil containing As, Cr, Pb, Zn. The obtained results allowed to set up a methodology for assessing metal potential mobilisation from contaminated soils.
Ce travail vise à caractériser la mobilisation potentielle des polluants inorganiques contenus dans les sols pollues. Une revue exhaustive des tests de lixiviation existants a permis l’élaboration de fiches techniques, présentées sous forme de guide critique et discutées dans le cadre d’une commission Afnor. Apres une étude préliminaire des interactions sol-métaux sur sol naturel, des tests sélectionnes (extractions séquentielles, extractions simples, colonne de perco-lixiviation et Compact Granular Leach Test) ont été expérimentés sur un sol artificiellement pollue (As, Cr, Zn) ≪ frais ≫, puis vieilli, et un sol industriel contenant des métaux (As, Cr, Pb, Zn). La comparaison des résultats obtenus a permis de proposer une méthodologie de caractérisation de la mobilisation potentielle des polluants inorganiques contenus dans les sols pollues, nécessaire pour une évaluation approfondie des risques environnementaux.