bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A survey of school-family-community partnerships in Kenya
Authors: Nyatuka Benard Omenge 
Published: September 2017

Purpose
The creation of sound school-family-community partnerships is being widely acknowledged as it strengthens school programs, family practices, student learning and behavior, as well as development. Active participation of parents and communities in the school tends to reduce the traditional unidirectional accountability of teachers as a sole party responsible for learners’ success. Furthermore, such collaboration is said to cultivate new hope about schools and education, especially among rural communities. However, key stakeholders in education claimed that school-family-community partnerships were weak in primary schools in Kakamega County, Kenya (Ministry of Education (MOE), 2010). The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
This study was designed to generate relevant empirical evidence. The study was guided by the Social Capital Theory (Field, 2003; Horvat et al., 2003; Coleman, 1994; Bourdieu and Wacquant, 1992) whose central thesis is that social networks are a valuable asset, as interaction enables people to build communities, commit themselves to each other, and knit the social fabric. Using stratified random sampling, a sample of 361 primary school teachers in 34 schools drawn from a population of 8,964 teachers in 848 primary schools, cutting across the 12 districts in the county, was involved in the study. A questionnaire was developed and used to collect the teachers’ views of school-family-community partnership practices in the schools. The data generated were analyzed and presented by means of such descriptive statistics as frequencies, percentages, and the mean.

Findings
The findings revealed gaps with respect to collaboration among schools, families, and the community as the key focus in this study. Results indicated that the school-family-community partnerships in the county remained at a transactional rather than a transformational level. In light of the findings, relevant policy recommendations were proposed to improve practice, with particular attention to providing meaningful professional learning as well as desirable student outcomes.

Originality/value
This is one of the largest county-level studies in Kenya directly addressing teacher-family partnerships and illuminating the ways in which schools can build internal capacity for effective family engagement.
The role of stress‐regulation genes in moderating the association of stress and daily‐life psychotic experiences
Authors: Cristóbal‐Narváez P. , Sheinbaum T. , Myin‐Germeys I. , Kwapil T. R. , de Castro‐Catala M. , Domínguez‐Martínez T. , Racioppi A. , Monsonet M. , Hinojosa‐Marqués L. , van Winkel R. , Rosa A. , Barrantes‐Vidal N. 
Published: September 2017

ObjectiveThe interaction of single nucleotide polymorphisms with both distal and proximal environmental factors across the extended psychosis phenotype is understudied. This study examined (i) the interaction of relevant SNPs with both early‐life adversity and proximal (momentary) stress on psychotic experiences (PEs) in an extended psychosis sample; and (ii) differences between early‐psychosis and non‐clinical groups for these interactions.MethodsTwo hundred and forty‐two non‐clinical and 96 early‐psychosis participants were prompted randomly eight times daily for 1 week to complete assessments of current experiences, including PEs and stress. Participants also reported on childhood trauma and were genotyped for 10 SNPs on COMT, RGS4, BDNF, FKBP5, and OXTR genes.ResultsUnlike genetic variants, distal and proximal stressors were associated with PEs in both samples and were more strongly associated with PEs in the early‐psychosis than in the non‐clinical group. The RGS4 TA and FKBP5 CATT haplotypes interacted with distal stress, whereas the A allele of OXTR (rs2254298) interacted with proximal stress, increasing momentary levels of PEs in the early‐psychosis group. No interactions emerged with COMT or BDNF variants.ConclusionIndividual differences in relevant stress‐regulation systems interact with both distal and proximal psychosocial stressors in shaping the daily‐life manifestation of PEs across the psychosis continuum.
Resting state perfusion in the language network is linked to formal thought disorder and poor functional outcome in schizophrenia
Authors: Stegmayer K. , Stettler M. , Strik W. , Federspiel A. , Wiest R. , Bohlhalter S. , Walther S. 
Published: September 2017

ObjectiveFormal thought disorder (FTD) is a core symptom in schizophrenia. Here, we focus on resting state cerebral blood flow (rCBF) linked to dimensions of FTD.MethodsWe included 47 schizophrenia spectrum patients and 30 age‐ and gender‐matched healthy controls. We assessed FTD with the assessment of thought, language, and communication (TLC) and imaging on a 3T MRI scanner. Within patients, we tested the association of FTD dimensions and in a subgroup (n = 27) the association of functional outcome after 6 months with whole brain rCBF.ResultsNegative FTD was most prominently associated with perfusion within the superior temporal gyrus, while positive FTD was associated with perfusion within the supplementary motor area, and inferior frontal gyrus. Perfusion within the left supramarginal gyrus was associated with social functioning after 6 months.ConclusionsDistinguishable associations of rCBF with FTD dimensions point to distinct underlying pathophysiology. The location of aberrant perfusion patterns suggests that negative FTD might reflect defective access to semantic memory while positive FTD likely reflects defective suppression of irrelevant information during increased speech production. Finally, the neural correlates of thought block were also predictive of poor functional outcome. Thus, functional outcome and distinct FTD dimensions may share some pathophysiology.
Intraoperative cervical treatment does not affect the prevalence of vaginal bleeding 1 year postoperatively after subtotal hysterectomy. A register study from the Swedish National Register for Gynecological Surgery
Authors: Borendal Wodlin Ninnie 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIntroductionThe objectives were to establish the prevalence of persistent vaginal bleeding following subtotal hysterectomy, to analyze the effect of intraoperative cervical treatment on the occurrence of persistent vaginal bleeding, and to evaluate the impact of persistent vaginal bleeding on the patient‐reported opinion concerning result of surgery and medical condition.Material and methodsRetrospective study with data from the Swedish National Register for Gynecological Surgery including 5240 women undergoing subtotal hysterectomy for benign conditions between January 2004 and June 2016. Demographic and clinical data were obtained from the pre‐ and perioperative forms. Data concerning occurrence of persistent vaginal bleeding, rating of medical condition and contentment with result of surgery were collected from the 1‐year inquiry form. Statistical analyses were performed with multivariable logistic regression models. The results are presented as adjusted odd ratios and 95% confidence intervals.ResultsPersistent vaginal bleeding occurred in 18.6%. Intraoperative cervical treatment did not affect the frequency of persistent vaginal bleeding (adjusted odds ratio 1.48; 95% confidence interval 0.93–2.37). More than 90% were satisfied with the result of the hysterectomy, but women with persistent vaginal bleeding were less content compared with those without persistent vaginal bleeding (adjusted odds ratio 0.42; 95% confidence interval 0.26–0.67). The self‐perception of the medical condition did not differ between the women with and without persistent vaginal bleeding (adjusted odds ratio 1.16; 95% confidence interval 0.33–4.12).ConclusionsNearly two in ten women may expect persistent vaginal bleeding following subtotal hysterectomy, and cervical treatment intraoperatively did not affect this. More than 90% were satisfied with the result but women with persistent vaginal bleeding were less content. Preoperative information on this risk of persistent vaginal bleeding may be important when choosing hysterectomy technique.
Dose‐dependent acute liver injury with hypersensitivity features in humans due to a novel microsomal prostaglandin E synthase 1 inhibitor
Authors: Jin Yan , Regev Arie , Kam Jeanelle , Phipps Krista , Smith Claire , Henck Judith , Campanale Kristina , Hu Leijun , Hall D. Greg , Yang Xiao Yan , Nakano Masako , McNearney Terry Ann , Uetrecht Jack , Landschulz William 
Published: September 2017

AimsLY3031207, a novel microsomal prostaglandin E synthase 1 inhibitor, was evaluated in a multiple ascending dose study after nonclinical toxicology studies and a single ascending dose study demonstrated an acceptable toxicity, safety and tolerability profile.MethodsHealthy subjects were randomized to receive LY3031207 (25, 75 and 275 mg), placebo or celecoxib (400 mg) once daily for 28 days. The safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of LY3031207 were evaluated.ResultsThe study was terminated when two subjects experienced drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) after they had received 225 mg LY3031207 for 19 days. Liver biopsy from these subjects revealed acute liver injury with eosinophilic infiltration. Four additional DILI cases were identified after LY3031207 dosing had been stopped. All six DILI cases shared unique presentations of hepatocellular injury with hypersensitivity features and demonstrated a steep dose‐dependent trend. Prompt discontinuation of the study drug and supportive medical care resulted in full recovery. Metabolites from metabolic activation of the imidazole ring were observed in plasma and urine samples from all subjects randomized to LY3031207 dosing.ConclusionsThis study emphasized the importance of careful safety monitoring and serious adverse events management in phase I trials. Metabolic activation of the imidazole ring may be involved in the development of hepatotoxicity of LY3031207.
Colorectal surveillance after segmental resection for young‐onset colorectal cancer: is there evidence for extended resection?
Authors: Kozak V. N. , Kalady M. F. , Gamaleldin M. M. , Liang J. , Church J. M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAimAlthough sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) usually occurs in patients aged over 50, recent evidence suggests that the incidence is increasing in younger patients. Such patients are theoretically at high risk of metachronous neoplasia and may be candidates for extended prophylactic colectomy. This study aimed to define the risk of metachronous cancer/adenomas during follow‐up of younger patients who underwent segmental colectomy for CRC.MethodA CRC database was used to identify patients aged under 50 who underwent surgery for CRC between 1994 and 2010. Patients diagnosed with hereditary cancer or inflammatory bowel disease were excluded. The primary end‐points were frequency of extended resection and the rates of metachronous cancer and high‐risk adenomas during follow‐up.ResultsThere were 284 young patients with a resectable primary tumour, of whom 280 (98.6%) underwent segmental resection, 3 (1%) extended resection and 1 (0.4%) local resection. Endoscopic follow‐up was available for 150 of the patients who had segmental colectomy, with a mean age of 42.6 (±5.8) years at diagnosis and median follow‐up time of 68 months (interquartile range 45–105). Out of these 150 patients, 4 (2.7%) developed metachronous colonic adenocarcinoma at 24, 71, 151 and 228 months after index surgery. Thirty additional patients had at least one adenoma identified during surveillance, and three had sessile serrated polyps. Out of the three patients undergoing extended resection, none had metachronous cancer or advanced adenomas at an average follow‐up of 17 years.ConclusionA segmental colectomy or proctectomy is adequate treatment for patients presenting with CRC under the age of 50.
The curse of low expectations
Authors: Battaglia Marianna , Lebedinski Lara 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe examine how a remedial education programme for primary school‐age children affects parental expectations about their children's future. Using original survey data we collected in Serbia, we investigate whether expectations on labour market prospects and educational attainment change as a consequence of exposure to the Roma Teaching Assistant programme. Our results show that parents of pupils in treated schools expect higher returns to education for their children and are more likely to expect them to achieve a secondary level of education. We also investigate the possible mechanisms in place due to the characteristics of the programme: remedial education and role model.
Cocoa agroforestry is less resilient to sub‐optimal and extreme climate than cocoa in full sun
Authors: Abdulai Issaka , Vaast Philippe , Hoffmann Munir P. , Asare Richard , Jassogne Laurence , Van Asten Piet , Rötter Reimund P. , Graefe Sophie 
Published: September 2017

AbstractCocoa agroforestry is perceived as potential adaptation strategy to sub‐optimal or adverse environmental conditions such as drought. We tested this strategy over wet, dry and extremely dry periods comparing cocoa in full sun with agroforestry systems: shaded by (i) a leguminous tree species, Albizia ferruginea and (ii) Antiaris toxicaria, the most common shade tree species in the region. We monitored micro‐climate, sap flux density, throughfall, and soil water content from November 2014 to March 2016 at the forest‐savannah transition zone of Ghana with climate and drought events during the study period serving as proxy for projected future climatic conditions in marginal cocoa cultivation areas of West Africa. Combined transpiration of cocoa and shade trees was significantly higher than cocoa in full sun during wet and dry periods. During wet period, transpiration rate of cocoa plants shaded by A. ferruginea was significantly lower than cocoa under A. toxicaria and full sun. During the extreme drought of 2015/16, all cocoa plants under A. ferruginea died. Cocoa plants under A. toxicaria suffered 77% mortality and massive stress with significantly reduced sap flux density of 115 g cm−2 day−1, whereas cocoa in full sun maintained higher sap flux density of 170 g cm−2 day−1. Moreover, cocoa sap flux recovery after the extreme drought was significantly higher in full sun (163 g cm−2 day−1) than under A. toxicaria (37 g cm−2 day−1). Soil water content in full sun was higher than in shaded systems suggesting that cocoa mortality in the shaded systems was linked to strong competition for soil water. The present results have major implications for cocoa cultivation under climate change. Promoting shade cocoa agroforestry as drought resilient system especially under climate change needs to be carefully reconsidered as shade tree species such as the recommended leguminous A. ferruginea constitute major risk to cocoa functioning under extended severe drought.
Influence of UV filters on the texture profile and efficacy of a cosmetic formulation
Authors: Fossa Shirata M. M. , Campos P. M. B. G. Maia 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectiveConsidering that many cosmetic products contain UV filters in their composition and that few studies have evaluated the role of UV filters in the physical properties and clinical efficacy of these products, the aim of this study was to assess the influence of UV filters on the properties and immediate effects of a cosmetic formulation.MethodsFour cosmetic formulations, vehicle (V), vehicle containing UV filters (F), vehicle containing cassava polysaccharides and alfalfa (A) oligosaccharides and vehicle containing UV filters plus cassava polysaccharides and alfalfa oligosaccharides (multifunctional formulation, M) were developed. The texture profile of the formulations was analysed with a TA.XT plus Texturometer®. Twenty female volunteers aged 39–45 years were then selected for the assessment of immediate clinical efficacy of the formulations under study and of transepidermal water loss (TEWL), stratum corneum water content and microrelief of the skin obtained with their use.ResultsThe presence of UV filters resulted in an improvement of the physical properties of the multifunctional cosmetic formulation (M) and of skin microrelief. However, the presence of UV filters also caused a significant decrease in hydration.ConclusionThe presence of sunscreens had a negative influence on immediate skin hydration and TEWL. On the other hand, it positively influenced parameters related to the physical properties of the multifunctional formulation and skin microrelief. Thus, we conclude that the influence of UV filters on the development of cosmetic formulations is an important factor to be considered because it can have either positive or negative effect on the efficacy of the product.
The worldwide diversity of scalp seborrhoea, as daily experienced by seven human ethnic groups
Authors: Pouradier F. , Liu C. , Wares J. , Yokoyama E. , Collaudin C. , Panhard S. , Saint‐Léger D. , Loussouarn G. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe re‐greasing process and kinetics of the human scalp, post‐shampooing, have been previously documented, in vivo, on a few Caucasian subjects. The objective of the presented research was to extend such knowledge over seven different ethnic groups.MethodsThe post‐shampooing re‐greasing kinetics of the scalp was studied on 1325 subjects (women and men of two distinct age classes) from seven different ethnic groups in their residential and native country. Sebum amounts were determined onto small shaved scalp areas at various times post‐shampooing, using the Sebumeter® technique.ResultsAs previously published on Caucasian subjects, scalp re‐greasing process follows a hyperbolic‐like kinetics over days. However, amounts of collected sebum highly vary with ethnicity. As recorded through the casual level (CL) at the equilibrium phase, 2–3 days post‐shampooing, the highest amount of sebum was found in African American subjects, followed in descending order by Caucasian American, Japanese, Chinese, Thai, Caucasian European and Indian subjects, the latter showing very low values. Lower amounts of sebum were recorded in the older age class in all ethnics, as compared to the younger one, and male subjects were found higher sebum producers than women, irrespective of ethnicity.ConclusionThe kinetics and slopes of the re‐greasing process of the human scalp appear similar in all ethnic groups studied. However, striking quantitative differences are found between the seven ethnic groups, resulting from different sebaceous production levels and scalp hygiene routines.
Titanium diboride–silicon carbide–boron carbide ceramics with super‐high hardness and strength
Authors: Neuman Eric W. , Brown‐Shaklee Harlan J. , Hilmas Gregory E. , Fahrenholtz William G. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractTriplex particulate composites composed of boride and carbide ceramics were found to have high strength, hardness, and fracture toughness values. Two compositions consisting of 70:15:15 and 1:1:1 volume ratios of TiB2, SiC, and B4C were produced from commercially available powders by hot‐pressing. The 70:15:15 ceramic exhibited a strength of ~1.3 GPa, while the 1:1:1 ceramic had a strength of ~0.9 GPa. These strengths are comparable to super‐strong Y2O3‐PSZ and β‐SiAlON based composites. The Vickers’ hardness values of these ceramics were ~32 GPa for indent loads of 9.8 N. Hardness increased as indentation load decreased. The 1:1:1 ceramic had a hardness of ~53 GPa at an indentation load of 0.49 N, higher than values reported for so‐called “super‐hard” ceramics, and comparable to c‐BN.
Bioactive layers based on black glasses on titanium substrates
Authors: Gawęda Magdalena , Jeleń Piotr , Długoń Elżbieta , Wajda Aleksandra , Leśniak Magdalena , Simka Wojciech , Sowa Maciej , Detsch Rainer , Boccaccini Aldo R. , Sitarz Maciej 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBlack glasses are amorphous materials based on silicon oxycarbide. The use of precursors in the form of ladder‐like silsesquioxanes enables the control of the amount of carbon ions in the glass network by adjusting ratios of T to D structural units in precursors. In this study, four different sols precursors of four different layers of black glasses on titanium substrates were prepared. The materials were analyzed with the use of various spectroscopic and microscopic methods. Formation of continuous and hermetic layers resistant to corrosion was proven. The black glasses layers were examined as materials for biomedical applications. Therefore, preliminary tests of their bioactivity and biocompatibility were performed. The best results were obtained for the material of lower contribution of carbon ions.
Assessing SSU rDNA Barcodes in Foraminifera: A Case Study using Bolivina quadrata
Authors: Borrelli Chiara , Hou Yubo , Pawlowski Jan W. , Holzmann Maria , Katz Miriam E. , Chandler G. Thomas , Bowser Samuel S. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe Small Subunit Ribosomal RNA gene (SSU rDNA) is a widely used tool to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships among foraminiferal species. Recently, the highly variable regions of this gene have been proposed as DNA barcodes to identify foraminiferal species. However, the resolution of these barcodes has not been well established, yet. In this study, we evaluate four SSU rDNA hypervariable regions (37/f, 41/f, 43/e, and 45/e) as DNA barcodes to distinguish among species of the genus Bolivina, with particular emphasis on Bolivina quadrata for which ten new sequences (KY468817–KY468826) were obtained during this study. Our analyses show that a single SSU rDNA hypervariable sequence is insufficient to resolve all Bolivina species and that some regions (37/f and 41/f) are more useful than others (43/e and 45/e) to distinguish among closely related species. In addition, polymorphism analyses reveal a high degree of variability. In the context of barcoding studies, these results emphasize the need to assess the range of intraspecific variability of DNA barcodes prior to their application to identify foraminiferal species in environmental samples; our results also highlight the possibility that a longer SSU rDNA region might be required to distinguish among species belonging to the same taxonomic group (i.e. genus).