bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of abiraterone acetate on neuroendocrine differentiation in chemotherapy‐naive metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Dong Baijun , Fan Liancheng , Wang Yanqing , Chi Chenfei , Ma Xiaowei , Wang Rui , Cai Wen , Shao Xiaoguang , Pan Jiahua , Zhu Yinjie , Shangguan Xun , Xin Zhixiang , Hu Jianian , Xie Shaowei , Kang Xiaonan , Zhou Lixin , Xue Wei 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundTo determine the influence of abiraterone Acetate (AA) on neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) in patients with chemotherapy‐naive metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).MethodsWe conducted an analysis in 115 chemotherapy‐naïve mCRPC patients who would be treated with chemotherapy. The serum levels of chromogranin A (CgA), neurone‐specific enolase (NSE) were measured in 67 mCRPC patients without AA treatment and 48 patients after the failure of AA treatment, in which these markers were also measured in 34 patients before and after 6 months of AA treatment. Comparative t‐test was used to evaluate the serial changes of serum NED markers during AA treatment and univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to test the influence of AA treatment on NED.ResultsSerum CgA were NSE were evaluated to be above the upper limit of normal (ULN) in 56 (48.7%) and 29 (25.2%) patients before chemotherapy. In 34 patients with serial evaluation, serum CgA level of 14 patients and NSE of 14 patients increased after the failure of AA treatment. There was no significant difference of NED markers (CgA or NSE variation (P = 0.243) between at baseline and after the failure of AA treatment. Compared with the CgA elevation group in the first 6 months of AA treatment and baseline supranormal CgA group, the CgA decline group, and baseline normal CgA group has a much longer median PSA PFS (14.34 vs 10.00 months, P < 0.001, and 14.23 vs 10.30 months, P = 0.02) and rPFS, respectively (18.33 vs 11.37 months, P < 0.001, and 17.10 vs 12.07 months, P = 0.03). In logistic univariate analysis, AA treatment and its duration were not independent factors influencing NED.ConclusionsWe hypothesized that AA might not significantly lead to progression of NED of mCRPC in general. Furthermore, we found there was heterogeneity in changes of NED markers in different mCRPC patients during AA treatment. Serial CgA and NSE evaluation might help clinicians guide clinical treatment of mCRPC patients.
Understanding the reactivity and regioselectivity of [3 + 2] cycloaddition reactions between substituted nitrile oxides and methyl acrylate. A molecular electron density theory study
Authors: Ndassa Ibrahim Mbouombouo , Adjieufack Abel Idrice , Mbadcam Ketcha Joseph , Berski Slawomir , Ríos‐Gutiérrez Mar , Domingo Luis R. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe [3 + 2] cycloaddition (32CA) reactions of three nitrile oxides (NOs) (R‐CNO; R = Ph, CO2Me, and Br) with methyl acrylate (MA) have been theoretically studied within the molecular electron density theory. Topological analysis of the electron localization function of these NOs permits to establish that they will participate inzw‐type32CA reactions. Analysis of the conceptual DFT indices indicates that thesezw‐type32CA reactions will have a low polar character as a consequence of the relatively low electrophilic character of MA and the low nucleophilic character of NOs, in agreement with the global electron density transfer computed at the corresponding TSs. The activation enthalpies associated with these 32CA reactions range from 8.2 to 12.7 kcal·mol−1. The presence of the bromide atom provokes the larger acceleration. While the 32CA reaction involving the CO2Me substituted NO is highlyorthoregioselective, the other two reactions are poorlyorthoregioselective. A bonding evolution theory study of the more favorableorthoregiosiomeric channel associated with the 32CA reaction involving the Br substituted NO indicates that this reaction is associated to a nonconcertedtwo‐stage one‐stepmechanism, in which the activation energy is mainly related to the initial rupture of the CN triple bond of the NO.
Determination of carbon isotope enrichment factors of cis‐dichloroethene after precursor amendment
Authors: Leitner Simon , Reichenauer Thomas G. , Watzinger Andrea 
Published: August 2017

RationaleBacterial reductive dechlorination of the groundwater contaminant tetrachloroethene (PCE) involves the formation of lower chlorinated metabolites. Metabolites can be instantaneously formed and consumed in this sequential process; quantification and validation of their isotopic effects conventionally rely on separate laboratory microcosm studies. Here, we present an evaluation method enabling the determination of the carbon isotope enrichment factor (ε) for the intermediate cis‐dichloroethene (cis‐DCE) by a single laboratory microcosm study initially amending the precursor PCE only.MethodsEnvironmental samples harboring organohalide‐respiring bacteria were incubated under anaerobic conditions and then successively and repeatedly amended with PCE and cis‐DCE in two separate laboratory microcosm studies. Reductive dechlorination was monitored by analyzing liquid samples using Purge‐and‐Trap gas chromatography isotope ratio mass spectrometry GC/MS‐C/IRMS. The prerequisites of the presented evaluation method are mass and δ‐value balancing. The evaluation method was validated by agglomerative hierarchical classification of Rayleigh plot data points.ResultsThe sample‐sensitive range of εcis‐DCE extended from −10.6 ± 0.2‰ to −26.8 ± 0.6‰ (R2 ≥98%). The maximum standard deviations of εcis‐DCE were ±1.8‰ for single microcosms, ±1.8‰ for replicates and ±1.0‰ for the compiled replicate data of PCE and cis‐DCE amendments. A linear regression of the εcis‐DCE for replicates obtained by each amendment study showed a slope of 95% (5 of the 7 data points are within a 95% confidence interval), demonstrating factor congruency and the practicability of the evaluation method.ConclusionsWe found metabolite degradation and formation to be sequential but also stepwise during bacterial reductive dechlorination. The stepwise phases of the degradation of the intermediate eliminate the impact of instantaneous precursor degradation. These stepwise sections were used to determine εcis‐DCE‐values. Our results showed the validity of εcis‐DCE‐values over a wide range at initial precursor degradation (PCE). The presented evaluation method could substantially decrease lab costs for microcosm studies designed for εcis‐DCE determinations. Moreover, the results indicated that the evaluation method can be applied to other PCE‐metabolites.
Effects of euthanasia methods on stable carbon (δ13C value) and nitrogen (δ15N value) isotopic compositions of fry and juvenile rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss
Authors: Nahon Sarah , Séité Sarah , Kolasinski Joanna , Aguirre Pierre , Geurden Inge 
Published: August 2017

RationaleCarbon and nitrogen stable isotope analyses of fish tissues are now commonly used in ecological studies but mostly require the sacrifice of the animal. Ethical considerations recommend the use of anesthetics for tissue sampling. This study examines how anesthetics affect stable isotope ratios of fish compared with other euthanasia methods.MethodsRainbow trout fry and juveniles were sacrificed using ice‐freezing (as this common method used to kill fish does not affect natural isotopic ratios), electronarcosis or an overdose of chemical anesthetics (2‐phenoxyethanol, benzocaine and clove oil). For fry, we sampled the whole animal whereas, for juveniles, white dorsal muscle, liver, red blood cells, plasma, external tegument and pectoral fin were sampled. Isotopic ratios and the elemental compositions of carbon and nitrogen were then measured.ResultsThe δ15N values, and the C and N contents of all considered tissues as well as δ13C values of muscle, liver, red blood cells and plasma, were not affected by the use of chemical anesthetics. Clove oil and to a lesser extent 2‐phenoxyethanol and benzocaine decreased δ13C values of whole fry and juvenile external tegument and pectoral fin. The use of electronarcosis drastically affects the δ13C and δ15N values of all fish tissues.ConclusionsAnesthetics should be avoided for δ13C analysis when tissues are in contact with the water containing the anesthetic. Ice‐immersion has to be preferred when approved by guidelines. If not, benzocaine and 2‐phenoxyethanol should be preferred over clove oil. Electronarcosis should not be used to kill fish until further investigations are performed.
Characterization and cytocompatibility of polydopamine on MAO‐HA coating supported on Mg‐Zn‐Ca alloy
Authors: Feng Yashan , Ma Xun , Chang Lei , Zhu Shijie , Guan Shaokang 
Published: August 2017

Magnesium has been suggested as a potential biodegradable metal for the usage as orthopaedic implants. However, high degradation rate in physiological environment remains the biggest challenge, impeding wide clinical application of magnesium‐based biomaterials. In order to reduce its degradation rate and improve the biocompatibility, micro‐arc oxidation coating doped with HA particles (MAO‐HA) was applied as the inner coating, and polydopamine (PDA) film was synthesized by dopamine self‐polymerization as the outer coating. The microstructure evolution of the coating was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), X‐ray diffraction analyses (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results showed that PDA film had covered the entire surface of MAO‐HA coating and the pore size of MAO‐HA coating decreased. The root mean square (RMS) roughness of PDA/MAO‐HA coatings was approximately 106.46 nm, which was closer to the optimum surface roughness for cellular attachment as compared with MAO‐HA coatings. Contact angle measurement indicated that the surface wettability had been transformed from hydrophobic to hydrophilic due to the introduction of PDA. The PDA/MAO‐HA coatings exhibited better corrosion resistance in vitro, with the self‐corrosion potential increasing by 150 mV and the corrosion current density decreasing from 2.09 × 10−5 A/cm2 to 1.46 × 10−6 A/cm2. In hydrogen evolution tests, the corrosion rates of the samples coated with PDA/MAO‐HA and MAO‐HA were 4.40 and 5.95 mm/y, respectively. MTS assay test and cell‐surface interactions experiment demonstrated that PDA/MAO‐HA coatings exhibited good cellular compatibility and could promote the adhesion and proliferation of MC3T3‐E1 cells.
Relationship Between 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose Accumulation and the BRAFV600E Mutation in Papillary Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Chang Jae Won , Park Ki Wan , Heo Jae Hyung , Jung Seung‐Nam , Liu Lihua , Kim Sung Min , Kwon In Sun , Koo Bon Seok 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundTo determine whether 18F‐fluoro‐2‐deoxyglucose (18F‐FDG)‐PET/CT is useful for predicting the BRAFV600E mutation status of a primary papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed in 108 patients who underwent 18F‐FDG positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET/CT) for staging before thyroidectomy and BRAF analysis in biopsy‐confirmed PTC. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of the primary tumor was calculated according to FDG accumulation. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess the association between the SUVmax and clinicopathological variables.ResultsThe BRAFV600E mutation was detected in 71 of 108 (65.7%) patients. In all subjects, the tumor size and BRAFV600E mutation were independently related to the SUVmax according to multivariate analyses (P = 0.002 and 0.007, respectively). The SUVmax was significantly higher in tumors with the BRAFV600E mutation than in tumors with wild‐type BRAF (10.24 ± 11.89 versus 4.02 ± 3.86; P = 0.007). In the tumor size >1 cm subgroup, the BRAFV600E mutation was the only factor significantly associated with the SUVmax (P = 0.016). A SUVmax cutoff level of 4.9 was determined to be significant for predicting the BRAFV600E mutation status (sensitivity 77.4%, specificity 100.0%, area under the curve 0.929; P < 0.0001) according to ROC curve analysis.ConclusionsThe BRAFV600E mutation is independently associated with high 18F‐FDG uptake in PTC, especially in those with a tumor size >1 cm.
Exploitation of Gene Expression and Cancer Biomarkers in Paving the Path to Era of Personalized Medicine
Authors: Kamel Hala Fawzy Mohamed , Al-Amodi Hiba Saeed A. Bagader 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Cancer therapy agents have been used extensively as cytotoxic drugs against tissue or organ of a specific type of cancer. With the better understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying carcinogenesis and cellular events during cancer progression and metastasis, it is now possible to use targeted therapy for these molecular events. Targeted therapy is able to identify cancer patients with dissimilar genetic defects at cellular level for the same cancer type and consequently requires individualized approach for treatment. Cancer therapy begins to shift steadily from the traditional approach of “one regimen for all patients” to a more individualized approach, through which each patient will be treated specifically according to their specific genetic defects. Personalized medicine accordingly requires identification of indicators or markers that guide in the decision making of such therapy to the chosen patients for more effective therapy. Cancer biomarkers are frequently used in clinical practice for diagnosis and prognosis, as well as identification of responsive patients and prediction of treatment response of cancer patient. The rapid breakthrough and development of microarray and sequencing technologies is probably the main tool for paving the way toward “individualized biomarker-driven cancer therapy” or “personalized medicine”. In this review, we aim to provide an updated knowledge and overview of the current landscape of cancer biomarkers and their role in personalized medicine, emphasizing the impact of genomics on the implementation of new potential targeted therapies and development of novel cancer biomarkers in improving the outcome of cancer therapy.
Results of surgical treatment of colorectal cancer in nonagenarian patients
Authors: Gomes Arthur Manoel Braga de Albuquerque , Queiroz Fábio Lopes de , Paiva Rodrigo de Almeida 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Purpose The objective of the present study was to compare the results of surgical treatment of nonagenarian patients having colorectal cancer with patients younger than 90 years.
Methods A total of 622 patients who underwent curative surgery were included in the present study. The database of the surgical service, in the period from 2007 to 2013, was used to obtain the sample. This is a descriptive, retrospective study that compared the profiles of 17 nonagenarian patients (Group I) with 605 patients younger than 90 years (Group II). The groups were compared regarding surgical complications, length of hospital stay, type of surgery performed and ASA classification.
Results The mean age between the groups was 92.2 years and 61.2 years. The mean length of hospital stay in Groups I and II was 17.3 days and 8.75 days, respectively. The surgery performed most frequently was the right colectomy, in both groups. The most common postoperative complication was sepsis (11.8%) among the nonagenarians, and paralytic ileus (4.5%) among those younger than 90 years. Laparoscopic surgery was performed on 5 out of a total of 17 patients evaluated in Group I. Among the three mortalities registered in this latter group, two were classified as ASA III and only one as ASA I.
Conclusion The results indicate that colorectal surgery may be performed in this group, with acceptable morbidity and mortality rates, in patients with low preoperative risk (ASA I/II).
Association between pluviometric index and the occurrence of acute appendicitis
Authors: Costa Djalma Ribeiro , Bezerra Fabrícia Leal , Leão Germano de Sousa , Gomes Lucas Alexandre Gonçalves do Nascimento , Alencar Diego Coimbra , Lial Robson David de Araújo , Oliveira Max Brandão de 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Background Epidemiological studies demonstrate, for unknown reasons, the prevalence of appendicitis in the summer and in young male adults, and there are controversies about its association with the rainy season. There are no studies in the State of Piauí about such association.
Objective To establish an association between the occurrence of appendicitis and the pluviometric precipitation index.
Methodology This is a cross-sectional study that was carried out using the database of the pathology service at a public emergency hospital in Piauí, and the pluviometric precipitation index in the State of Piauí from January 2009 to April 2014, with data from the National Institute of Meteorology. Descriptive statistics and association measures were applied using the Pearson correlation coefficient and the χ
2 test.
Results We found a predominance of appendicitis cases in male subjects, from 11 to 20 years of age, with a predominance of the monthly mean of appendicitis cases in the second semester, which conforms to the dry season in the State of Piauí. Pearson's correlation coefficient was −0.260.
Conclusion There is an association between the occurrence of appendicitis and the months of the year; however, this is a weak negative correlation between the monthly mean of cases of appendicitis and monthly pluviometric precipitation average in the State of Piauí.
Delayed Ejaculation and Associated Complaints: Relationship to Ejaculation Times and Serum Testosterone Levels
Authors: Morgentaler Abraham , Polzer Paula , Althof Stanley , Bolyakov Alexander , Donatucci Craig , Ni Xiao , Patel Ankur B. , Basaria Shehzad 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Background
Although delayed ejaculation (DE) is typically characterized as a persistently longer than anticipated or desired time to ejaculation (or orgasm) during sexual activity, a timing-based definition of DE and its association with serum testosterone has not been established in a large cohort.

Aim
To examine in an observational study estimated intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT) and masturbatory ejaculation latency time (MELT) in men self-reporting DE, assess the association of IELT and MELT with serum testosterone levels, and determine whether correlation with demographic and sexual parameters exist.

Methods
Men who resided in the United States, Canada, and Mexico were enrolled from 2011 to 2013. Self-estimated IELT and MELT were captured using an Ejaculatory Function Screening Questionnaire in a sample of 988 men screened for possible inclusion in a randomized clinical trial assessing testosterone replacement therapy for ejaculatory dysfunction (EjD) and who self-reported the presence or absence of DE and symptoms of hypogonadism. Additional comorbid EjDs (ie, anejaculation, perceived decrease in ejaculate volume, and decreased force of ejaculation) were recorded. Men with premature ejaculation were excluded from this analysis. IELT and MELT were compared between men self-reporting DE and men without DE. The associations of IELT and MELT with serum testosterone were measured.

Outcomes
IELT, MELT, and total testosterone levels.

Results
Sixty-two percent of screened men self-reported DE with or without comorbid EjDs; 38% did not report DE but did report at least one of the other EjDs. Estimated median IELTs were 20.0 minutes for DE vs 15 minutes for no DE (P &lt; .001). Estimated median MELTs were 15.0 minutes for DE vs 8.0 minutes for no DE (P &lt; .001). Ejaculation time was not associated with serum testosterone levels. Younger men and those with less severe erectile dysfunction had longer IELTs and MELTs.

Clinical Implications
Estimated ejaculation times during vaginal intercourse and/or masturbation were not associated with serum testosterone levels in this study; thus, routine androgen evaluation is not indicated in these men.

Strengths and Limitations
This large systematic analysis attempted to objectively assess the ejaculation latency in men with self-reported DE. Limitations were that ejaculation time estimates were self-reported and were queried only once; the questionnaire did not distinguish between failure to achieve orgasm and ejaculation; and assessment of DE was limited to heterosexual vaginal intercourse and masturbation.

Conclusion
IELT and MELT were longer in men with DE, and there was no association of ejaculation times with serum testosterone levels in this study population.
SOUTHEASTERN CONSUMERS’ WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCTION ATTRIBUTES OF FRESH TOMATOES
Authors: MAPLES McKENZIE , INTERIS MATTHEW G. , MORGAN KIMBERLY L. , HARRI ARDIAN 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis study examines southeastern consumers’ willingness to pay for marginal changes in production practices that lessen the impact on the environment but that fall short of a complete conversion to organic production. We find that consumers are willing to pay more for tomatoes grown using less water, that contain less pesticide residue, that are not grown with petroleum-based fertilizers, and that travel shorter distances to the final point of sale. These estimates provide a starting point for producers who cannot convert to organic production but for whom it might be profitable to make (more feasible) marginal production changes.
A Bayesian Approach for Timing the Neolithization in Mediterranean Iberia
Authors: García-Puchol Oreto , Bernabeu-Aubán Joan , Barton C Michael , Pardo-Gordó Salvador , McClure Sarah B , Diez-Castillo Agustín 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we compile recent14C dates related to the Neolithic transition in Mediterranean Iberia and present a Bayesian chronological approach for testing thedual model, a mixed model proposed to explain the spread of farming and husbandry processes in eastern Iberia. The dual model postulates the coexistence of agricultural pioneers and indigenous Mesolithic foraging groups in the Middle Holocene. We test this general model with more regional models of four geographical areas (Northeast, Upper, and Middle Ebro Valley, and Eastern and South/Southeastern regions) and present a filtered summed probability of all14C dates known in the region in order to compare socioecological dynamics over a long period. Finally, we discuss the results and analyze how certain specific characteristics of sites and their chronologies can serve for timing the Neolithic expansion in Mediterranean Iberia.
‘Civilising the Savage’: State-Building, Education and Huichol Autonomy in Revolutionary Mexico, 1920–40
Authors: MORRIS NATHANIEL 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAttempts to use schools to assimilate the Huichols into the Revolutionary nation-state prompted the development of divergent partnerships and conflicts in theirpatria chica, involving rival Huichol communities and factions, local mestizos, government officials and Cristero rebels. The provocations of teachers, the cupidity of mestizo caciques, rebel violence and Huichol commitment to preserving communal autonomy undermined alliances between Huichol leaders and federal officials, and led to the ultimate failure of the government's project. If anything, the short-lived Revolutionary education programme equipped a new generation of Huichol leaders with the tools to better resist external assimilatory pressures into the 1940s and beyond.
The Business of Governing: Corruption and Informal Politics in Mexico City's Markets, 1946–1958
Authors: BLEYNAT INGRID 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis paper uses corruption in Mexico City's markets as a lens to examine state–society relations and the construction of the PRI's hegemony in post-1946 Mexico. It presents three case studies that show how some ostensibly corrupt practices supported state functioning, while others contributed to the process of party building. It demonstrates that these practices were driven by shifting social dynamics and conflicts among vendors, which operated through networks of formal and informal power. Historicising corruption illuminates the strengths and weaknesses of the Mexican state as well as the balance between co-optation and popular demands that lay behind it in this period.