bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attention allocation towards own face is pronounced during middle adolescence: an eye‐tracking study
Authors: Doi Hirokazu , Shinohara Kazuyuki 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIncreased interest in the self has long been deemed to be one of the most peculiar characteristics of adolescence. On the basis of this, we conjectured that attentiveness towards self‐relevant information, especially one's own face, becomes more pronounced during the middle adolescence. The present study tested this hypothesis by comparing the pattern of visuospatial attention allocation to their own face among early, middle and late adolescent males using an eye‐tracking methodology. The results have shown a clear pattern of increased attention allocation towards their own face over a close friend's and a stranger's face in middle adolescents, but fixation durations on their own and a friend's face did not differ from each other in early and late adolescents. In addition, middle adolescents showed higher public self‐consciousness and a lower level of self‐esteem than early and late adolescents, respectively. These results indicate that attention allocation towards one's own face is more pronounced during middle adolescence, and is associated with increased interest in their own attributes.
Stent‐induced tracheal stenosis can be predicted by IL‐8 expression in rabbits
Authors: Arellano‐Orden Elena , Serrano Carolina , Montes‐Worboys Ana , Sánchez‐López Verónica , Laborda Alicia , Lostalé Fernando , Lahuerta Celia , Rodríguez‐Panadero Francisco , de Gregorio Miguel Ángel 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundBare metal stents may cause complications like fibrous encapsulation, granulation and tracheal stenosis. We investigated the behaviour of three commercially available stents in vivo (rabbits) and in vitro (coculture of those stents with epithelial and fibroblast cell lines). Also, we investigated whether development of tracheal stenosis could be predicted by any biological marker.Materials and methodsThe tracheae of 30 rabbits were implanted with either nitinol stents, with or without paclitaxel elution, or a cobalt‐based stent. An additional ten rabbits underwent mock implantation (controls). Serial peripheral venous blood samples were taken throughout the study, and several cytokines measured. Animals were euthanized on day 90, with immediate tracheal endoscopy and lavage performed, then necropsy.ResultsRabbits with cobalt‐based stent exhibited more inflammation and the highest stenosis incidence, with reduced survival. Both in vivo and in vitro, this stent induced higher IL‐8 levels than nitinol stents. Most important, the presence of stent‐induced tracheal stenosis was closely associated to increase in IL‐8 expression in blood just 1 day after tracheal stent implantation: a 1·19‐fold increase vs. baseline had 83% sensitivity, 83% specificity, 77% positive predictive value, 88% negative predictive value and 83% accuracy to predict development of stenosis.ConclusionsThe cobalt‐based stent had the highest incidence of tracheal inflammation and stenosis. On the other hand, the paclitaxel‐eluting nitinol stent did not prevent those complications and provoked a marked reaction compared with the bare nitinol stent. Early increase in IL‐8 expression in blood after stent implantation could predict development of tracheal stenosis in rabbits.
Incorporating evolutionary adaptation in species distribution modelling reduces projected vulnerability to climate change
Authors: Bush Alex , Mokany Karel , Catullo Renee , Hoffmann Ary , Kellermann Vanessa , Sgrò Carla , McEvey Shane , Ferrier Simon 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBased on the sensitivity of species to ongoing climate change, and numerous challenges they face tracking suitable conditions, there is growing interest in species' capacity to adapt to climatic stress. Here, we develop and apply a new generic modelling approach (AdaptR) that incorporates adaptive capacity through physiological limits, phenotypic plasticity, evolutionary adaptation and dispersal into a species distribution modelling framework. Using AdaptR to predict change in the distribution of 17 species of Australian fruit flies (Drosophilidae), we show that accounting for adaptive capacity reduces projected range losses by up to 33% by 2105. We identify where local adaptation is likely to occur and apply sensitivity analyses to identify the critical factors of interest when parameters are uncertain. Our study suggests some species could be less vulnerable than previously thought, and indicates that spatiotemporal adaptive models could help improve management interventions that support increased species' resilience to climate change.
Current velocity shapes co‐existence patterns among invasive Dikerogammarus species
Authors: Borza Péter , Huber Thomas , Leitner Patrick , Remund Nadine , Graf Wolfram 
Published: November 2016

Summary

Facilitative interactions among co‐evolved representatives of the endemic Ponto‐Caspian fauna are regarded as a major factor of their invasion success. Nevertheless, the most renowned examples represent interactions between different trophic levels or functional groups, while ecologically similar species can be expected to show competition‐based niche partitioning.

Here, we test for differences in the realized niche of three invasive Dikerogammarus species (Crustacea: Gammaridae) in their co‐occurring range. We sampled multiple habitats within sites distributed along the River Danube to test whether some environmental variables could reveal spatial niche differentiation among the three species of Dikerogammarus, and if so, to test a predictive model outside the zone of co‐occurrence.

Spatial niche differentiation was present among the species, primarily determined by current velocity (and associated substrate preference), likely reflecting a stress tolerance–competitive ability trade‐off. Suspended matter concentration was also relevant, suggesting food resources (through filter feeding) might represent another important niche axis, somewhat loosening the terms of co‐existence between D. haemobaphes and the other two species.

Environmental variables could effectively explain the absence of D. bispinosus in the Lower Danube, implying that the co‐existence of the three species is possible only along a sufficiently wide current velocity gradient, and the observed turnovers are the result of niche expansion in the absence of the stronger competitor.

Hence, differences in invasion success may be attributed to a stress tolerance–competitive ability trade‐off. Our results suggest the advantage of D. villosus is attributable to its competitive dominance, allowing it to monopolize lentic and/or structured habitats, which represents a fortunate pre‐adaptation to anthropogenic alterations of aquatic ecosystems. The presence of D. villosus does not greatly affect the expansion of D. haemobaphes; however, the exclusion of D. bispinosus from lentic habitats by D. villosus probably strongly limits its potential to spread by active dispersal.
Assessing long‐term effects of multiple, potentially confounded drivers in ecosystems from species traits
Authors: Floury Mathieu , Usseglio‐Polatera Philippe , Delattre Cecile , Souchon Yves 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAlthough species traits have the potential to disentangle long‐term effects of multiple, potentially confounded drivers in ecosystems, this issue has received very little attention in the literature. We aimed at filling this gap by assessing the relative effects of hydroclimatic and water quality factors on the trait composition of invertebrate assemblages over 30 years in the Middle Loire River (France). Usinga prioripredictions on the long‐term variation of trait‐based adaptations over the three decades, we evaluated the ability of invertebrate traits to indicate the effects of warming, discharge reduction and water quality improvement. Hydroclimatic and water quality factors contributed to up to 65% of the variation in trait composition. More than 70% of the initial trait response predictions made according to observed long‐term hydroclimatic changes were confirmed. They supported a general climate‐induced trend involving adapted resistance and resilience strategies. A partial confounding effect of water quality improvement acting on trophic processes was also highlighted, indicating that improved water quality management can significantly help to reduce some adverse effects of climate change. This trait‐based approach can have wider implications for investigating long‐term changes driven by multiple, potentially confounded factors, as frequently encountered in the context of global change.
Asunaprevir/daclatasvir and sofosbuvir/ledipasvir for recurrent hepatitis C following living donor liver transplantation
Authors: Omichi Kiyohiko , Akamatsu Nobuhisa , Mori Kazuhiro , Togashi Junichi , Arita Junichi , Kaneko Junichi , Hasegawa Kiyoshi , Sakamoto Yoshihiro , Kokudo Norihiro 
Published: November 2016

AimThis study aimed to clarify the efficacy and safety of interferon‐free therapy using asunaprevir and daclatasvir, or sofosbuvir and ledipasvir for post living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) recipients with hepatitis C virus (HCV).MethodsA retrospective cohort study of LDLT recipients with HCV genotype 1b treated with asunaprevir (100 mg twice daily) and daclatasvir (60 mg once daily), or sofosbuvir (400 mg/day) and ledipasvir (90 mg/day) was carried out.ResultsTen patients without mutations in the area of L31 and Y93 completed the treatment with asunaprevir and daclatasvir. Five of them had end‐stage chronic kidney disease, including three hemodialysis patients. Of the 10 patients, nine completed the protocol of 24 weeks; one stopped the treatment due to the development of aortic valve stenosis. All nine patients who completed the 24‐week treatment protocol achieved end of treatment response. Nineteen patients received treatment with sofosbuvir and ledipasvir. Of the 19 patients, 18 completed the protocol of 12 weeks; one stopped treatment due to severe interstitial pneumonia. All 18 patients who completed the 12‐week treatment protocol achieved end of treatment response. All patients in both treatment groups who completed the regimen and reached 3 months after the end of treatment achieved sustained virological response at 12 weeks after treatment. Liver functions were significantly improved at the end of treatment, and no adverse events were observed.ConclusionsInterferon‐free therapy using asunaprevir and daclatasvir, or sofosbuvir and ledipasvir, is highly effective for post‐LDLT recipients with HCV genotype 1b.
Factors predictive of the efficacy of bezafibrate therapy in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis
Authors: Mizuno Suguru , Isayama Hiroyuki , Hirano Kenji , Watanabe Takeo , Takahara Naminatsu , Kogure Hirofumi , Matsubara Saburo , Nakai Yousuke , Tada Minoru , Koike Kazuhiko 
Published: November 2016

AimPrimary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a rare cholestatic disease. We previously reported the effects of bezafibrate on elevated hepatobiliary enzyme levels in patients with this disease both retrospectively and prospectively. In this study, we assessed factors predictive of bezafibrate efficacy.MethodsTwenty‐five patients with PSC, who underwent bezafibrate therapy (400 mg per day) from November 2006 to June 2015, were evaluated. Treatment was judged as being effective if the levels of all of the hepatobiliary enzymes decreased after 12 weeks. We investigated the patients’ characteristics, disease history, concomitant medications, liver function, and liver stiffness.ResultsThe efficacy rate of bezafibrate was 60% (15/25 patients). The efficacy rate in patients graded as Child–Pugh class A was significantly higher (75% [15/20]) than that in patients graded as class B (0% [0/5], P < 0.01). Non‐responders had higher liver stiffness values (18.0 vs. 8.8 kPa, P = 0.19), and concomitantly used ursodeoxycholic acid more frequently (100% vs. 73%, P = 0.12) than responders.ConclusionsWe could not elucidate the factors predictive for bezafibrate efficacy for the treatment of PSC. However, bezafibrate was more effective for patients with preserved liver function (Child–Pugh class A) when it was prescribed before progression of liver fibrosis and failure of ursodeoxycholic acid therapy.
Contextual constraints and the relevance discovery process: challenges facing knowledge gatekeepers in emerging economies
Authors: Kuznetsov Andrei , Kuznetsova Olga 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis paper explores conceptually the process of relevance discovery prompted by a major alteration in the institutional settings that has caused a radical change in the existing management knowledge paradigm, as new, mostly “imported”, knowledge replaces the “old” knowledge base. This situation puts significant pressure on a particular group of experts designated in the literature as “knowledge gatekeepers”. Their role is particularly important when external information requires contextual interpretation in order to be considered useful by other members of the social group. The paper focuses on recontextualisation as a critical element of relevance discovery and the transformation of “imported” knowledge from irrelevant to relevant and analyses the factors that influence the ability of knowledge gatekeepers to cope with the task of contextualisation. An account of two field studies of post‐communist marketisation is used to illustrate the challenges of contextualisation.
Prevalence of periodontal diseases in a multicenter cohort of perinatally HIV‐infected and HIV‐exposed and uninfected youth
Authors: Ryder Mark I. , Yao Tzy‐Jyun , Russell Jonathan S. , Moscicki Anna‐Barbara , Shiboski Caroline H. ,   the Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study
Published: November 2016

AbstractAimsTo compare the prevalence and severity of periodontal diseases between 180 perinatally HIV‐infected (PHIV) and 118 perinatally HIV‐exposed and uninfected (PHEU) youth in a cross‐sectional study conducted at 11 clinical sites in the United States and Puerto Rico from the Adolescent Master Protocol study of the Pediatric HIV/AIDS cohort study (PHACS) network.MethodsSeveral analyses were conducted, employing the current CDC/AAP classification for periodontitis and incorporating a definition of gingivitis based on a bleeding on probing (BOP) threshold, and analyses based on more detailed whole‐mouth, intra‐oral regionally, site‐based and tooth‐based criteria of BOP, plaque levels, pockets depths and clinical attachment levels.ResultsAfter adjusting for plaque control habits and behavioural and sociodemographic factors, there were no significant differences in periodontal diseases between the PHIV and PHEU youth using any of these criteria. For PHIV youth, there was no significant association between parameters of periodontal disease and current HIV status.ConclusionsAlthough no significant differences in periodontal parameters were noted between the PHIV and PHEU youth, the influence of antiretroviral therapy merits further exploration in this cohort in a longitudinal study.
AGS Position Statement: Making Medical Treatment Decisions for Unbefriended Older Adults
Authors: Farrell Timothy W. , Widera Eric , Rosenberg Lisa , Rubin Craig D. , Naik Aanand D. , Braun Ursula , Torke Alexia , Li Ina , Vitale Caroline , Shega Joseph ,   the Ethics, Clinical Practice and Models of Care, and Public Policy Committees of the American Geriatrics Society
Published: November 2016

In this position statement, we define unbefriended older adults as patients who: (1) lack decisional capacity to provide informed consent to the medical treatment at hand; (2) have not executed an advance directive that addresses the medical treatment at hand and lack capacity to do so; and (3) lack family, friends or a legally authorized surrogate to assist in the medical decision‐making process. Given the vulnerable nature of this population, clinicians, health care teams, ethics committees and other stakeholders working with unbefriended older adults must be diligent when formulating treatment decisions on their behalf. The process of arriving at a treatment decision for an unbefriended older adult should be conducted according to standards of procedural fairness and include capacity assessment, a search for potentially unidentified surrogate decision makers (including non‐traditional surrogates) and a team‐based effort to ascertain the unbefriended older adult's preferences by synthesizing all available evidence. A concerted national effort is needed to help reduce the significant state‐to‐state variability in legal approaches to unbefriended patients. Proactive efforts are also needed to identify older adults, including “adult orphans,” at risk for becoming unbefriended and to develop alternative approaches to medical decision making for unbefriended older adults. This document updates the 1996 AGS position statement on unbefriended older adults.
Etidronate rescues cognitive deficits through improving synaptic transmission and suppressing apoptosis in 2‐vessel occlusion model rats
Authors: Li Wen , Yuan Huijuan , Yu Yao , Cheong Yuen‐Ki , Ren Guogang , Yang Zhuo 
Published: November 2016

AbstractVascular dementia is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by the reduction of cerebral blood flow. It shows a progressive cognitive impairment. In our previous study, we found that etidronate (ET) showed neuroprotective effects against glutamate‐injured PC12 cells. Thus, in this study, we aimed to observe the effects of ET on learning and memory impairment and the related mechanism in 2‐vessel occlusion (2VO) model rats. Rats were administered a permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion to induce vascular dementia model. Two weeks later, 2VO model rats were treated with ET (20 mg/kg/day i.p.) for 1 week. Results showed that ET improved the spatial learning and memory function in 2VO rats detected by Morris water maze experiment. A reduced long‐term potentiation was also rescued by ET treatment in 2VO rats. Moreover, the long‐term potentiation‐related proteins, calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), NMDAR 2B and PSD95 were up‐regulated after treatment with ET. By testing the levels of malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase in 2VO rats, we discovered that ET lowered oxidative stress. Furthermore, ET displayed a better anti‐apoptosis ability through detecting the levels of Bcl‐2 and Bax protein and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick‐end labeling‐positive cells. In conclusion, ET shows neuroprotective effects on 2VO rats through rescuing spatial working memory deficits, and a possible mechanism may be related to the increased synaptic transmission and the inhibition of oxidative stress and apoptosis.
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Physical health monitoring in mental health settings: a study exploring mental health nurses’ views of their role
Authors: Mwebe Herbert 
Published: November 2016

Aims and objectivesTo explore nurses’ views of their role in the screening and monitoring of the physical care needs of people with serious mental illness in a mental health service provider.BackgroundThere is increasing awareness through research that people with serious mental illness disproportionately experience and die early from physical health conditions. Mental health nurses are best placed as front‐line workers to offer screening, monitoring and interventions; however, their views on physical care interventions are not studied often.DesignQualitative exploratory study.MethodsThe study was carried out in a mental health inpatient centre in England. Volunteer sampling was adopted for the study with a total target sample of (n = 20) nurses from three inpatient wards. Semistructured interviews were conducted with (n = 10) registered mental health nurses who had consented to take part in the study. Inductive data analysis and theme development were guided by a thematic analytic framework.ResultsParticipants shared a clear commitment regarding their role regarding physical health screening and monitoring in mental health settings. Four themes emerged as follows: features of current practice and physical health monitoring; perceived barriers to physical health monitoring; education and training needs; and strategies to improve physical health monitoring.ConclusionsNurses were unequivocal in their resolve to ensure good standard physical health monitoring and screening interventions in practice. However, identified obstacles have to be addressed to ensure that physical health screening and monitoring is integrated adequately in everyday clinical activities. Achieving this would require improvements in nurses’ training, and an integrated multiservice and team‐working approach.Relevance to clinical practiceAttending to the physical health needs of people with serious mental illness has been associated with multiple improvements in both mental and physical health; nurses have a vital role to play in identifying and addressing causes of poor physical health to improve physical health outcomes in people with serious mental illness.
Risk factors of post‐traumatic stress symptoms in patients with cancer
Authors: Lin Yu‐Hua , Kao Chia‐Chan , Wu Shu‐Fen , Hung Shu‐Ling , Yang Hsing‐Yu , Tung Hong‐Yi 
Published: November 2016

Aims and objectivesTo determine the level of post‐traumatic stress symptoms and to identify demographics, disease history and clinical symptoms that were associated with post‐traumatic stress symptoms among patients with gynaecological, breast or colorectal cancer in Taiwan.BackgroundLiterature indicated that 7·3–35·2% of patients with cancer had experienced level of post‐traumatic stress symptoms. However, the post‐traumatic stress symptoms among patients with cancer in Taiwan was not documented.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsA total of 347 participants recruited from two general hospitals in southern Taiwan. They completed the Chinese version of Davidson Trauma Scale and a profile describing their demographics and clinical symptoms. Disease history was collected from medical records.ResultsApproximately 21·6% of participants reported higher score on Chinese version of Davidson Trauma Scale (Mean ± SD = 22·85 ± 24·12). The top four scores on Chinese version of Davidson Trauma Scale were painful memories, insomnia, shortened lifespan and flashbacks. The risk factors of post‐traumatic stress symptoms were suicidal intention (OR = 2·29, 95% CI = 1·86–2·82), chemotherapy (OR = 2·13, 1·18–3·84), metastasis (OR = 2·07, 1·29–3·34), cancer‐specific symptoms (OR = 1·21, 1·15–1·27) and high education (OR = 1·75, 1·10–2·78).ConclusionTo prevent post‐traumatic stress symptoms, patients with cancer should be routinely screened by psychiatrists for post‐traumatic stress symptoms, for ongoing symptom control and suicidal intention. Patients with cancer who are at risk of suicidal behaviour should be enrolled in suicide prevention programmes.Relevance to clinical practiceNurses need to assess post‐traumatic stress symptoms of patients with cancer, particularly those who with high education, suffered from complications of chemotherapy, metastasis and cancer‐specific symptoms and suicidal intention.