bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aurora‐A Kinase: A Potent Oncogene and Target for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Yan Min , Wang Chunli , He Bin , Yang Mengying , Tong Mengying , Long Zijie , Liu Bing , Peng Fei , Xu Lingzhi , Zhang Yan , Liang Dapeng , Lei Haixin , Subrata Sen , Kelley Keith W. , Lam Eric W.‐F. , Jin Bilian , Liu Quentin 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe Aurora kinase family is comprised of three serine/threonine kinases, Aurora‐A, Aurora‐B, and Aurora‐C. Among these, Aurora‐A and Aurora‐B play central roles in mitosis, whereas Aurora‐C executes unique roles in meiosis. Overexpression or gene amplification of Aurora kinases has been reported in a broad range of human malignancies, pointing to their role as potent oncogenes in tumorigenesis. Aurora kinases therefore represent promising targets for anticancer therapeutics. A number of Aurora kinase inhibitors (AKIs) have been generated; some of which are currently undergoing clinical evaluation. Recent studies have unveiled novel unexpected functions of Aurora kinases during cancer development and the mechanisms underlying the anticancer actions of AKIs. In this review, we discuss the most recent advances in Aurora‐A kinase research and targeted cancer therapy, focusing on the oncogenic roles and signaling pathways of Aurora‐A kinases in promoting tumorigenesis, the recent preclinical and clinical AKI data, and potential alternative routes for Aurora‐A kinase inhibition.
Skeletal Evidence for Otitis Media in Mediaeval and Post‐Mediaeval Children from Poland, Central Europe
Authors: Krenz‐Niedbała M. , Łukasik S. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn palaeopathological research, otitis media (OM) is a rarely reported disease, although it is one of the most common diseases of childhood, with potentially severe consequences resulting in physical and social impairment, or even death. The episodes of OM are often preceded by upper respiratory tract infections, though the aetiology of OM is multifactorial, with significant role of environmental factors. In archaeological skeletons, middle ear inflammation is identified as erosive lesions and new bone formation of auditory ossicles. The aim of this study was to examine the skeletal signs of OM in children from a mediaeval early urban site (Cedynia) and a post‐mediaeval rural site (Słaboszewo) located on the territory of Poland. Among the entire sample (N = 435), ear bones were present in 99 skeletons. The total of 168 ossicles were examined. The general frequency of individuals with eroded ossicles was 47.5% (53.4% in Cedynia and 39.0% in Słaboszewo). In the total sample, 33.9% of ear bones showed pathological changes, with the incudes being most frequently affected. The frequency of altered ossicles was significantly higher in the early urban site than in the rural settlement (42.2% vs 25.9%, respectively; Fisher exact test, p = 0.0339). The children aged 0–3 years old tend to have a higher frequency of altered ear bones than the children aged 4–11 years old. The majority of the mastoid processes of the subadults with ear bone erosion show abnormal pneumatisation pattern. The results indicate that the environmental and socio‐cultural conditions in the stronghold likely made their inhabitants more prone to upper respiratory tract infections than the inhabitants of the village. A variety of factors may be responsible for this pattern, such as exposure to dust, environmental pollution, indoor pollution, wood smoke, occupation, population density, sanitation and quality of housing. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Immersive virtual reality in computational chemistry: Applications to the analysis of QM and MM data
Authors: Salvadori Andrea , Del Frate Gianluca , Pagliai Marco , Mancini Giordano , Barone Vincenzo 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe role of Virtual Reality (VR) tools in molecular sciences is analyzed in this contribution through the presentation of the Caffeine software to the quantum chemistry community. Caffeine, developed at Scuola Normale Superiore, is specifically tailored for molecular representation and data visualization with VR systems, such as VR theaters and helmets. Usefulness and advantages that can be gained by exploiting VR are here reported, considering few examples specifically selected to illustrate different level of theory and molecular representation.
Glycerol-fed microbial fuel cell with a co-culture of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 and Klebsiella pneumonae J2B
Authors: Kim Changman , Song Young Eun , Lee Cho Rong , Jeon Byong-Hun , Kim Jung Rae 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Glycerol is an attractive feedstock for bioenergy and bioconversion processes but its use in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) for electrical energy recovery has not been investigated extensively. This study compared the glycerol uptake and electricity generation of a co-culture of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 and Klebsiella pneumonia J2B in a MFC with that of a single species inoculated counterpart. Glycerol was metabolized successfully in the co-culture MFC (MFC-J&M) with simultaneous electricity production but it was not utilized in the MR-1 only MFC (MFC-M). A current density of 10 mA/m2 was obtained while acidic byproducts (lactate and acetate) were consumed in the co-culture MFC, whereas they are accumulated in the J2B-only MFC (MFC-J). MR-1 was distributed mainly on the electrode in MFC-J&M, whereas most of the J2B was observed in the suspension in the MFC-J reactor, indicating that the co-culture of both strains provides an ecological driving force for glycerol utilization using the electrode as an electron acceptor. This suggests that a co-culture MFC can be applied to electrical energy recovery from glycerol, which was previously known as a refractory substrate in a bioelectrochemical system.
Eigenmodes in the water-wave problems for infinite pools with cone-shaped bottom
Authors: Lyalinov Mikhail A. 
Published: July 2016

In the framework of the assumptions of the linearized theory of small-amplitude water waves, the eigenfunctions of the point spectrum are studied for boundary-value problems in infinite domains. Special types of three-dimensional infinite water pools characterised by cone-shaped bottoms are considered. By means of an incomplete separation of variables and exploiting the Mellin transform, we reduce construction of the eigenmodes to the study and solution of the problems for some functional difference equations with meromorphic coefficients. The behaviour of the eigenmodes at a singular point of the boundary and the rate of their decay at infinity are also examined.
Monitoring of seasonal glacier mass balance over the European Alps using low-resolution optical satellite images
Authors: DROLON VANESSA , MAISONGRANDE PHILIPPE , BERTHIER ETIENNE , SWINNEN ELSE , HUSS MATTHIAS 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTWe explore a new method to retrieve seasonal glacier mass balances (MBs) from low-resolution optical remote sensing. We derive annual winter and summer snow maps of the Alps during 1998–2014 using SPOT/VEGETATION 1 km resolution imagery. We combine these seasonal snow maps with a DEM to calculate a ‘mean regional’ altitude of snow (Z) in a region surrounding a glacier. Then, we compare the interannual variation of Z with the observed winter/summer glacier MB for 55 Alpine glaciers over 1998–2008, our calibration period. We find strong linear relationships in winter (mean R2 = 0.84) and small errors for the reconstructed winter MB (mean RMSE = 158 mm (w.e.) a−1). This is lower than errors generally assumed for the glaciological MB measurements (200–400 mm w.e. a−1). Results for summer MB are also satisfying (mean R2 and RMSE, respectively, 0.74 and 314 mm w.e. a−1). Comparison with observed seasonal MB available over 2009–2014 (our evaluation period) for 19 glaciers in winter and 13 in summer shows good agreement in winter (RMSE = 405 mm w.e. a−1) and slightly larger errors in summer (RMSE = 561 mm w.e. a−1). These results indicate that our approach might be valuable for remotely determining the seasonal MB of glaciers over large regions.
NOTES ON EXTREMAL AND TAME VALUED FIELDS
Authors: ANSCOMBE SYLVY , KUHLMANN FRANZ-VIKTOR 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe extend the characterization of extremal valued fields given in [2] to the missing case of valued fields of mixed characteristic with perfect residue field. This leads to a complete characterization of the tame valued fields that are extremal. The key to the proof is a model theoretic result about tame valued fields in mixed characteristic. Further, we prove that in an extremal valued field of finitep-degree, the images of all additive polynomials have the optimal approximation property. This fact can be used to improve the axiom system that is suggested in [8] for the elementary theory of Laurent series fields over finite fields. Finally we give examples that demonstrate the problems we are facing when we try to characterize the extremal valued fields with imperfect residue fields. To this end, we describe several ways of constructing extremal valued fields; in particular, we show that in every ℵ1saturated valued field the valuation is a composition of extremal valuations of rank 1.
When Money Makes Employees Warm and Bright: Thoughts of New Money Promote Warmth and Competence
Authors: Mok Aurelia , De Cremer David 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTWarmth and competence are two important dimensions that facilitate career success (e.g., building relationships, providing novel solutions to problems). We investigated how situational reminders of money affect warmth and competence. Specifically, we propose that reminders of new (vs. used) money increase people's warmth and competence. In five studies of working adults, inducing participants to think about new (vs. used) banknotes promoted creative idea generation (Study 1) (reflecting competence), increased concern for coworkers (Study 2), decreased self-serving behavior (Study 3), and increased helping intentions (Study 5) and behavior (Study 4) (reflecting warmth). Study 4 showed that the effect of priming new money on warmth occurs by activating a norm of social conscientiousness. Our findings suggest that money's appearance can impact problem solving, prorelationship behavior, and perceived norms. We discuss implications for research on money, norm salience, and organizational behavior.
Decreased levels of kynurenic acid in prefrontal cortex in a genetic animal model of depression
Authors: Liu Xi-Cong , Erhardt Sophie , Goiny Michel , Engberg Göran , Mathé Aleksander A. 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveThere is a growing interest in the role of kynurenine pathway and tryptophan metabolites in the pathophysiology of depression. In the present study, the metabolism of tryptophan along the kynurenine pathway was analysed in a rat model of depression.MethodsKynurenic acid (KYNA) and 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK) were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in prefrontal cortex (PFC) and frontal cortex (FC) in a rat model of depression, the Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL) and their controls, the Flinders Resistant Line (FRL) rats. In addition, KYNA was also measured in hippocampus, striatum and cerebellum.ResultsKYNA levels were reduced in the PFC of FSL rats compared with FRL rats, but did not differ with regard to the FC, hippocampus, striatum or cerebellum. 3-HK levels in PFC and FC, representing the activity of the microglial branch of the kynurenine pathway, did not differ between the FSL and FRL strains.ConclusionOur results suggest an imbalanced metabolism of the kynurenine pathway in the PFC of FSL rats.
Notes on the Linear Theory of Incompressible Flow Round Symmetrical Swept-Back Wings at Zero Lift
Authors: Ursell F. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryIn much of the recent work on the flow of an incompressible fluid past a swept-back symmetrical wing of small thickness at zero incidence it has been assumed that the disturbance introduced by the wing can be represented by means of a distribution of sources and sinks over the centre plane of the wing, the source strength being determined from the equation of the wing profile. It was found by Neumark that on the wing itself this procedure was liable to lead to serious errors. Neumark and Kuchemann studied certain special types of wings for which they were able to find the correct value of the pressure at the surface by evaluation of the pressure at points off the wing and continuity considerations. This process is rather cumbersome; it may therefore be convenient to regard the problem from a rather different point of view.
Skin Friction in the Laminar Boundary Layer in Compressible Flow
Authors: Young A. D. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryFrom an analysis of the work of Crocco and others, semi-empirical formulae are derived for the skin friction on a flat plate at zero incidence with a laminar boundary layer. These formulae arefor the general case of heat transfer, andwhen there is no heat transfer.The problem of heat transfer and the effect of radiation are discussed in the light of these formula;. The second formula is then utilised in the development of an approximate method for solving the momentum equation of the boundary layer on a cylinder without heat transfer. The method indicates that with increase of Mach number there is a marked forward movement of separation from a flat plate in the presence of a constant adverse velocity gradient.
A Note on the Bending Moment Induced in the Booms of a Spar at the Point of Application of a Concentrated Load
Authors: Winny H. F. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThe effect of a concentrated load, such as occurs in a wing spar at the fuselage, is to cause a discontinuity in shear strain of the spar web, which induces a bending moment in the booms through the medium of the rivets (or bolts) which attach the booms to the web. A mathematical theory is developed which shows that this bending induced in the boom is of a damped wave form starting at the point of application of the shear, and in practice the magnitude of the stresses produced by the bending moment may be appreciable at the wing root when the boom is deep compared with the spar depth (say 20 per cent.).Further experimental verification is desirable, but a single wing test suggested the original investigation, and showed a measure of agreement with the theory.
The Supersonic Flow Past a Slender Ducted Body of Revolution with an Annular Intake
Authors: Ward G. N. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThe approximate supersonic flow past a slender ducted body of revolution having an annular intake is determined by using the Heaviside operational calculus applied to the linearised equation for the velocity potential. It is assumed that the external and internal flows are independent. The pressures on the body are integrated to find the drag, lift and moment coefficients of the external forces. The lift and moment coefficients have the same values as for a slender body of revolution without an intake, but the formula for the drag has extra terms given in equations (32) and (56). Under extra assumptions, the lift force due to the internal pressures is estimated. The results are applicable to propulsive ducts working under the specified condition of no “ spill-over “ at the intake.
Two dimensional theory of stiffened plates
Authors: o’chou Chang 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThe two-dimensional stiffened plate problem is completely governed by the fundamental differential equation(22)where k1 and k2 are two non-dimensional structural constants depending on the relative proportions of the reinforcing members.The complete solution is(25)This solution renders all solutions for the isotropic plate available for the stiffened plate also. The choice between the several types of solution available is governed by the same considerations as for the isotropic or unstiffened plate.
The possibility of the determination of rate of climb from acceleration measurements in level flight
Authors: Pike E. C. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryPerformance measurements for turbo-jet and turbo-prop aircraft are most conveniently reduced to standard conditions by the use of graphical methods. The case of rate of climb presents difficulties if readings are taken in the normal way during continuous climbs, because of the variation of weight, temperature, pressure and optimum climbing speed with height.Since rate of climb is proportional to the product of speed and acceleration in level flight, these quantities could be measured and used to determine the rate of climb at any height.The advantages of the method are listed and the technique required of the pilot examined. An automatic observer, including a longitudinal accelerometer, reading, in some cases, to within 0.001g, is necessary.
Critical mach numbers for swept-back wings
Authors: Neumark S. 
Published: July 2016

Summary
The effect of yawing a wing in high-speed flow is to delay the onset of
shock waves and to increase the critical Mach number. This is because shock
waves can only develop along the isobars (running parallel to the edges of
the wing, which is assumed untapered and infinitely long), and therefore
only the velocity component normal to the edges is significant. To some
extent the same is true for a finite sheared or swept-back wing, though the
problem is made more complicated by the various additional factors, such as
finite aspect ratio (tip effect), plan form (e.g.
taper effect) and, what is perhaps the most important, the central kink
effect. The experimental technique is extremely cumbersome because of the
many shape parameters involved (see Figs. 1, 2,
3), and since analytical solutions present fundamental difficulties and
pitfalls, designers tend to favour rule of thumb methods. The present paper
contains a general review of the theoretical work done at The Royal Aircraft
Establishment, which was limited to the case of zero incidence. This
limitation is not a severe one, as flight at high speeds often implies low
incidence. Incidences which are not negligible involve the solution of
another fundamental problem (that of the lift distribution).
General performance reduction equations for reciprocating-engined
aircraft with constant-speed propellers
Authors: Annand W.J.D. 
Published: July 2016

Summary
The method of analysis adopted by Cameron has been extended to develop
more general equations for the correction of level speed and rate of climb
for variation of air temperature and aircraft weight, applicable to aircraft
with reciprocating engines of any type driving constant-speed propellers,
operating at speeds sufficiently high for compressibility effects on drag
and propeller efficiency to be appreciable. Allowance is made in the
equations for ram effect on engine power.
The practical application of the equations is discussed, and illustrated
by a worked example. The influence of errors in the estimation of the
parameters expressing the variation of engine power and propeller efficiency
on the corrections, in this particular case, is discussed.
Axially-symmetrical supersonic flow near the centre of an
expansion
Authors: Johannesen N.H. , Meyer R.E. 
Published: July 2016

Summary
When a uniform, two-dimensional supersonic flow expands suddenly round a
corner in a wall it forms a pattern known as a Prandtl-Meyer expansion or
centred simple wave. If the flow is two-dimensional but not initially
uniform, or if it is axially-symmetrical, the expansion is still centred,
but is not a simple wave. An approximate solution is given in this paper for
the isentropic, irrotational, steady two-dimensional or axially-symmetrical
flow of a perfect gas in the neighbourhood of the centre of such an
expansion. The solution is designed to replace the conventional method of
characteristics in such a region.
The main application is to a jet issuing from a nozzle that discharges
into a container with a pressure lower than that in the nozzle; in
particular, a formula is derived for the initial curvature, at the lip of
the nozzle, of the boundary of the jet. The solution also applies to the
flow near an edge in a boundary wall, and a formula is derived for the
velocity gradient on the wall immediately downstream of the edge.
On the chordwise lift distribution at the centre of swept wings
Authors: Küchemann D. , Weber J. 
Published: July 2016

Summary
The present note deals with the peculiarities of the lift distribution
on swept wings. The influence of the angle of sweep is expected to be
greatest in its effect on the chordwise lift distribution at the centre
section of the wing. It is assumed that the essential characteristics of
this chordwise lift distribution are predominantly determined by the special
configuration of the bound vortices and not so much by the trailing
vortices. In calculating the downwash, induced by a continuous chordwise
distribution of swept vortex lines of infinite span, it is found that the
downwash at the centre line is to be expected to differ from its
two-dimensional form mainly by a term proportional to the local vortex
strength. Solutions of this simplified downwash equation have been obtained.
They differ from the ordinary fiat-plate distribution only in the exponent
which instead of becomes
.It is suggested that this
type of function is more appropriate for the centre-section of swept wings
and that it may replace the ordinary flat-plate distribution in all those
cases where the lifting surface is swept.
The estimation of range of jet-propelled aircraft
Authors: Pearson H. 
Published: July 2016

The statement that with modern aircraft and jet propulsion engines it is essential to match the engine and aircraft has become a platitude, without the reasons being quite so well appreciated. It is well known that should the aircraft be operating away from its “ design point,” involving throttling back of the engine, then the loss of efficiency with either jet or turbine airscrew engines is liable to be serious, and to have a large effect on the range. There is also a firm conviction that very high altitude is necessary in order to give a jet aircraft any range worth mentioning.It seems worth while to examine in a simple way on what qualities of the engine the range depends. The object of this simplified attack on the problem is two-fold; first of all it enables the factors to be readily appreciated, and second it provides rapid methods of comparing the qualities of two different engine types for range.
On non-steady motion of slender bodies
Authors: Miles John W. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryFollowing the original work of Munk, Jones, and Ward for steady flow, a solution is given for unsteady, supersonic flow over very slender bodies of revolution and wings. The results are subject to the restriction (M2- l)δ2loge[(M2- 1)½δ]«1 where δ is the slenderness ratio,Mis the Mach number and, in addition, to the usual restrictions imposed by linearisation. As examples, the lifts and pitching moments on flat wings and bodies of revolution executing pitching motion and the damping moment on a rolling wing are calculated.It is shown that the order of approximation is consistent with the limitations already imposed by linearisation, at least in supersonic flow, where no Kutta condition is required.
Some developments of expansion methods for solving the flutter equations
Authors: Williams John 
Published: July 2016

SummaryIn a theoretical flutter analysis, the real zeros x˂0,y˃0, of a stability determinant Δ(√x, y) which is a polynomial in y are required, and can readily be evaluated once the polynomial expansions are known for assigned values of x. When the air loads are estimated on the basis of classical derivative theory, Δ becomes a bivariate polynomial in √x and y of a special type. Direct expansion of the stability determinant becomes too involved when the number of degrees of freedom is large and indirect methods of expansion are needed.A method of bivariate expansion which uses a framework of lines subject to certain restrictions is examined in Part I, and is applied to a quaternary wing-flutter problem. The analysis shows that frameworks previously proposed, having all intersections outside the flutter quadrant (x˂0, y˃0), demand very high computational accuracy. A new framework is suggested having all intersections inside the flutter quadrant. The improvement in computational accuracy is considerable.