bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of housing tenure and unaffordable housing with preterm birth and other adverse birth outcomes in Canada: a population-based study
Authors: Mehrabadi Azar , Shapiro Gabriel D , Bushnik Tracey , Kaufman Jay , Yang Seungmi 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundSocioeconomic risk factors are known drivers of adverse birth outcomes. Housing is a key target for policy interventions.ObjectiveTo estimate the associations of housing tenure (renting vs owning) and unaffordable housing with preterm birth and other adverse birth outcomes.MethodsWe used 2014–2016 Canadian birth registration data linked with the 2016 long-form census and included singleton births among homeowners and renters. Unaffordable housing was defined at the family level as the proportion of pre-tax income spent on shelter, using a 30% cut-off. The primary outcome was preterm birth. Secondary outcomes were stillbirth and infant death. Log-binomial regression estimated the association of housing tenure and unaffordability with outcomes adjusting for sociodemographic risk factors and parity.ResultsAmong 162 700 live births and stillbirths (52 740 renters, 109 960 owners), 31% of renters and 17% of owners experienced unaffordable housing. Renting was associated with an increased risk of preterm birth (7.5% vs 6.1%; adjusted risk ratio (aRR) 1.13; 95% CI 1.08 to 1.17), stillbirth (9.5 vs 6.6 per 1000; aRR 1.33, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.56) and infant death (4.2 vs 3.0 per 1000; aRR 1.52, 95% CI 1.26 to 1.82). There was no association of housing unaffordability with preterm birth or other adverse birth outcomes among owners or renters.ConclusionsThis nationally representative study in Canada found associations between renting versus owning and preterm birth, stillbirth and infant death, as well as a high burden of unaffordable housing, particularly among renters. This study suggests that home tenure itself is a social determinant of adverse birth outcomes.
Inter-disks inversion surfaces
Authors: Pugliese D. , Stuchlík Z. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe consider a counter-rotating torus orbiting a central Kerr black hole (BH) with dimensionless spin a, and its accretion flow into the BH, in an agglomerate of an outer counter-rotating torus and an inner co-rotating torus. This work focus is the analysis of the inter-disks inversion surfaces. Inversion surfaces are spacetime surfaces, defined by the condition $$u^{\phi }=0$$

u
ϕ

=
0

on the flow torodial velocity, located out of the BH ergoregion, and totally embedding the BH. They emerge as a necessary condition, related to the spacetime frame-dragging, for the counter-rotating flows into the central Kerr BH. In our analysis we study the inversion surfaces of the Kerr spacetimes for the counter-rotating flow from the outer torus, impacting on the inner co-rotating disk. Being totally or partially embedded in (internal to) the inversion surfaces, the inner co-rotating torus (or jet) could be totally or in part “shielded”, respectively, from the impact with flow with $$a u^{\phi }<0$$

a

u
ϕ

<
0

. We prove that, in general, in the spacetimes with $$a<0.551$$

a
<
0.551

the co-rotating toroids are always external to the accretion flows inversion surfaces. For $$0.551<a<0.886$$

0.551
<
a
<
0.886

, co-rotating toroids could be partially internal (with the disk inner region, including the inner edge) in the flow inversion surface. For BHs with $$a>0.886$$

a
>
0.886

, a co-rotating torus could be entirely embedded in the inversion surface and, for larger spins, it is internal to the inversion surfaces. Tori orbiting in the BH outer ergoregion are a particular case. Further constraints on the BHs spins are discussed in the article.
Equivariant characteristic classes of singular hypersurfaces
Authors: Grulha N. G. , Monteiro A. , Morgado M. F. Z. 
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we introduce definitions for the integrated equivariant Milnor number [Formula: see text] and the equivariant Milnor class [Formula: see text], for singular hypersurfaces. We prove that the [Formula: see text] are constant on the strata in a Whitney stratification of [Formula: see text], along with the correlation [Formula: see text] for hypersurfaces hosting isolated singularities [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] denotes the [Formula: see text]th equivariant Milnor class of [Formula: see text]. We also introduce the equivariant Fulton–Johnson class of singular hypersurfaces. We give an equivariant version of Verdier’s specialization morphism in homology, and also for constructible functions. This is used for finding a relation between equivariant Fulton–Johnson and Schwartz–MacPherson classes.
Adaptive communication power control for enhancing attack resilience in UAV networks
Authors: Zhong Linfeng , Zhang Lei , Yang Hao , Chen Pengfei , Zhong Qingwei , Hu Fei , Huang Jin 
Published: October 2024

A swarm of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) comprises multiple UAVs that are capable of completing tasks beyond the capabilities of a single UAV. Due to the unique challenges of UAV missions, these vehicles often operate far from base stations, making network connectivity crucial for the successful completion of UAV swarm missions. However, existing methods do not account for strategies to maintain the overall connectivity of the UAV network when nodes are under attack. To address this issue, we propose a method named Adaptive Communication Power Control (ACPC) that dynamically adjusts UAV communication power to mitigate potential connectivity losses caused by node failures or malicious attacks. This adjustment ensures that the network can maintain information exchange among the remaining UAVs even in the event of disruptions. Additionally, we introduce a novel evaluation method to assess the overall connectivity of the network and validate ACPC through simulations of UAV swarm missions where some UAVs experience failures. Using this evaluation method, we measured the network’s state before and after attacks and recovery and calculated the additional energy consumption required by the UAVs. The results indicate that our method can increase the resilience of the UAV network by up to 5.36 times, while only raising the total communication energy consumption to 1.53 times.
EVALUATION OF SACROILIAC JOINT INVOLVEMENT IN SICKLE CELL DISEASE IN BASRAH
Authors: Aldiwan Ali , Radhi Aliaa Mohammed , Saeed Mubder A. Mohammed 
Published: October 2024

Sickle cell disease is a common hemoglobinopathy in Iraq, specifically in Basrah province. Sacroiliac joint involvement is rarely reported in the literature. Objectives: To find out how often the sacroiliac joint is involved in sickler patients and to describe its clinical and radiological features using plain radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Basrah Teaching Hospital, Basrah arthroplasty center and Basrah Center for Hereditary Diseases from the 1st of October 2021 to the 1st of December 2022. A prepared questionnaire was used for data collection which focused on the history and clinical examination of all patients with sickle cell disease with or without lower backache. Radiological imaging was offered to all patients and MRI to selected patients. Results: A total of 217 patients with sickle cell disease were involved. 62 (28.6%) of patients with sickle cell disease have lower back pain, and it is mostly common in patients with moderate severity — 43 patients (19.8%) — according to VAS score. FABER test was positive in 43 (19.8%) of patients with sickle cell disease and lower backache. Plain radiography was positive in about one-fifth of the enrolled patients in the study 44/217 (20.3%). MRI was able to detect an abnormality in 19/31 (64.2%) of the examined cases, and the most common MRI finding is subchondral sclerosis. Conclusions: The sacroiliac joint is involved in sickle cell disease but the diagnosis is vague, requiring comprehensive history, clinical and specific radiological imaging.
Lie ideals, Jordan ideals and n-additive mappings in semiprime rings
Authors: Ghosh Sourav 
Published: October 2024

Let [Formula: see text] be an [Formula: see text]-torsion free semiprime ring with center [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] be two [Formula: see text]-additive mappings with traces [Formula: see text], respectively. Sǒgǔtchǔ and Gǒlbasi [E. K. Sǒgǔtchǔ and Ǒ. Gǒlbasi, Commutativity theorems on Lie ideals with symmetric bi-derivations in semiprime rings, Asian Eur. J. Math. 16(7) (2023) 2350129] studied the following identities for symmetric bi-derivations: (i) [Formula: see text], (ii) [Formula: see text], (iii) [Formula: see text], (iv) [Formula: see text], (v) [Formula: see text], (vi) [Formula: see text], (vii) [Formula: see text], (viii) [Formula: see text], (ix) [Formula: see text], (x) [Formula: see text], (xi) [Formula: see text], (xii) [Formula: see text], for all [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is a square closed Lie ideal of [Formula: see text] and then obtained that [Formula: see text] contains a nonzero central ideal. In this paper, we prove that the conclusion of above results holds for trace of any [Formula: see text]-additive mapping (not necessarily to be symmetric bi-derivation).
Finding 3-Swap-Optimal Independent Sets and Dominating Sets is Hard
Authors: Komusiewicz Christian , Morawietz Nils 
Published: October 2024

Local search problems consist of a set of feasible solutions, an objective function, and a neighborhood relation which assigns to each feasible solution a set of neighbors. A solution
S
is called
locally optimal
if none of its neighbors has a better objective value than
S
. For PLS-complete local search problems, there is presumably no polynomial-time algorithm which finds a locally optimal solution, even though determining whether a solution is locally optimal and finding a better one if this is not the case can be done in polynomial time. We study local search for
Weighted Independent Set
and
Weighted Dominating Set
with the 3-swap neighborhood. The 3-swap neighborhood of a vertex set
S
in
G
is the collection of vertex sets which can be obtained from
S
by exchanging at most three vertices. On the negative side, the problem of finding a 3-swap-optimal independent set or dominating set is PLS-complete. Using the PLS-completeness for independent sets with the 3-swap-neighborhood, we also show PLS-completeness for a large class of maximum-weight subgraph problems. On the positive side, we show that locally optimal independent sets or dominating sets can be found in polynomial time when allowing all 3-swaps except (a) the swaps that remove two vertices from the current solution and add one vertex to the solution or (b) the swaps that remove one vertex from the current solution and add two vertices to the solution. This result is shown via general algorithms for subset-weight optimization problems with a restricted
k
-swap neighborhood.
Magnitude and Associated Factors of Herbal Medicine Use During Pregnancy Among Women Attending Antenatal Care in Public Health Institutions of Central Tigray, Northern Ethiopia (2020): Facility‐Based Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Gebrekidan Hailemikael , Kidanemariam Gebregziabher 
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Herbal medicine is described by the World Health Organization (WHO) as plant‐derived compounds, either raw or processed, that are thought to have therapeutic advantages. Herbal medication is becoming more and more popular worldwide, particularly during pregnancy. The WHO estimates that 80% of people utilize herbal remedies. In Ethiopia, grandmothers and grandfathers frequently use herbal medicine at home to treat common health issues. Instead of using medically proven treatments during their pregnancy, the majority of expectant mothers trust herbal remedies.Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the magnitude and associated factors of herbal medicine use during pregnancy among women attending antenatal care in public health institutions of central Tigray, northern Ethiopia.Methods: Facility‐based cross‐sectional study was conducted from March 01 to May 15, 2020. Data were collected using a structured and pretested questionnaire. Data were entered into Epi‐data manager version 7.2.5 and analyzed using SPSS version 23. Both binary and multivariate logistic regression analyses were carried out to assess the associated factors. Variables with p value less the 0.2 in bivariate analysis were transferred to multivariate analysis, and variables with p value ≤ 0.05 were considered as significant.Result: Out of the total 333 respondents, making a response rate of 100%, 176 (52.9%) used herbal medicine during current pregnancy. The most common medicines used during pregnancy were garlic (59.4%) and ginger (51.7%). Occupation that is housewife had educational status (AOR = 11.816, 95% CI 1.848–35.535), illiterate (AOR = 1.886, 95% CI 1.586–2.241), residency/rural (AOR = 2.905, 95% CI 1.173–7.197), and average monthly income less than 500 Ethiopian birrs (AOR = 7.621, 95% CI 2.691–21.585) were factors that are significantly associated with the use of herbal medicine during pregnancy.Conclusion and Recommendation: Based on our results, herbal medicine use during pregnancy is highly practiced in this study, and occupation, residency, educational status, and average monthly income were the significantly associated factors of herbal medicine use during pregnancy. There is a need to educate and counsel pregnant women on the harmful effects of herbal medicine use during pregnancy by the health care personnel and health extension worker.
Genomic Biomarkers Predict Response to Combined ATR Inhibition and Radiotherapy
Authors: Schrank Benjamin R. , Colbert Lauren E. 
Published: October 2024

Summary
For decades, chemoradiosensitization with checkpoint kinase inhibitors has been proposed but largely unexplored. A recent study reports that the novel ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related kinase inhibitor RP-3500 synergizes with radiation to control Atm−/− tumors in vivo. RP-3500 did not radiosensitize wild-type or Brca-1–deficient tumors, highlighting the need for a genotype-tailored approach.
See related article by Ng et al., p. 5643
Abstract A008: Better outcomes for ovarian cancer associated with the detection of anti-EBV TCR CDR3s: Potential relevance to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Goel Nandini , Baker Madeline C , Blanck George , Jain Rahul , Diaz Michael J , Huda Taha I , Chobrutskiy Andrea , Chobrutskiy Boris I , Song Joanna J , Priya Vangala Veda Naga 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Given the ongoing challenges regarding the specific roles of viral infections in cancer etiology, or as cancer co-morbidities, this study assessed potential associations between anti-viral, T-cell receptor (TCR) complementarity domain region-3 (CDR3s) and clinical outcomes for ovarian cancer. Analyses revealed that patients with exact matches of anti-Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) CDR3 amino acid sequences exhibited better outcomes for both overall and disease-specific survival. However, better outcomes were not observed when assessing anti-viral CDR3s representing cytomegalovirus, influenza A, or Sars-CoV-2. Due to previous occurrences of the occasional misdiagnoses of lymphoma as ovarian cancer, the frequency of anti-EBV CDR3s in lymphoma patients was determined. These frequencies were relatively high, particularly in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. These findings (i) underscore the potential value of anti-EBV immune responses in terms of patient outcomes; (ii) raise questions about the potential value of anti-EBV immunotherapies; and (iii) support further inquiry into the relationship between EBV infection and previously reported cases of ovary-resident lymphoma.
Citation Format: Nandini Goel, Madeline C Baker, George Blanck, Rahul Jain, Michael J Diaz, Taha I Huda, Andrea Chobrutskiy, Boris I Chobrutskiy, Joanna J Song, Veda Naga Priya Vangala. Better outcomes for ovarian cancer associated with the detection of anti-EBV TCR CDR3s: Potential relevance to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2024 Oct 18-21; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2024;12(10 Suppl):Abstract nr A008.
Abstract A013: Transcription initiation and its regulation in mouse L1s
Authors: Saha Karabi , An Wenfeng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Long interspersed elements type 1 (LINE-1s or L1s) are highly abundant non-LTR retrotransposons in mammalian genomes. Apart from an evolutionary role in altering the genomic landscape and gene expression, recent discoveries have revealed the scale and impact of active movement by L1, both in the germline and in somatic niches (e.g., the brain and many cancers). As transcriptional activation is a prerequisite for L1 retrotransposition, it is important to understand how L1 transcription is regulated. L1 transcription is controlled by an internal promoter contained in the 5’ untranslated region (5’UTR) of a full-length element. It has been shown that transcription start sites (TSSs) of human L1 are clustered at the beginning of its 5’UTR and the precision of transcription initiation is controlled by transcription factor YY1. The laboratory mouse is an essential model for investigating L1 retrotransposition and the associated consequences in vivo. However, mouse L1 5’UTRs are distinctly different from human L1’s: the former are organized into tandem repeats called monomers and separated from the open reading frames by a nonmonomeric sequence called tether. Unlike the human L1 promoter, transcription initiation and its regulation in mouse L1 subfamilies remain unknown. In this study, we streamlined the cloning of different types of mouse L1 promoters. TSSs were determined using RNA ligation-mediated 5’ rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RLM-5’RACE) incorporating a highly efficient reverse transcriptase enzyme followed by Nanopore sequencing. In the context of two monomer promoter reporter construct, transcription could initiate from either monomer or the tether sequence. While mouse L1 TSSs are distributive, a higher number of transcripts were initiated from the inner monomer. Surprisingly, a significant fraction of transcripts was also initiated from the tether sequence. In addition, we showed that YY1 transcriptionally activates mouse L1 5’UTR and is responsible for the synergy between the monomers. As transcription initiation is a major determinant for the proportion of active L1 loci in the next round of retrotransposition, these findings have important implications on L1 biology in the mouse model.
Citation Format: Karabi Saha, Wenfeng An. Transcription initiation and its regulation in mouse L1s [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2024 Oct 18-21; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2024;12(10 Suppl):Abstract nr A013.
Abstract A024: POSTPRANDIAL CHANGES TO SYSTEMIC METABOLISM IMPRINT DURABLE CHANGES ON T CELL IMMUNE RESPONSES
Authors: Kumar Alok , Rivadeneira Dayana B , Kohan Alison , Delgoffe Greg 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
While nutrient availability and intrinsic metabolic pathways play key roles in T cell function and fate, systemic nutrient availability waxes and wanes with every meal. How postprandial metabolism affects T cell function and fate are unstudied. Here we show short periods of fasting and refeeding can have long-lasting effects on T cell immunity. Mouse or human T cells from fed hosts have higher mitochondrial quality and respiratory capacity than those from fasted hosts ex vivo. These metabolic phenotypes persist after activation and expansion, both in vitro culture and in vivo in response to vaccination. Fed T cells outcompete fasted T cells in a co-transfer model, such that T cells from fasted hosts form far fewer memory T cells. Serum profiling revealed triglycerides as a driver of postprandial metabolic reprogramming: chylomicrons enriched from the lymphatics of fed mice were sufficient to enhance mitochondria of fasted T cells. LDLR-deficient T cells had the metabolic phenotype of fasted T cells and were insensitive to fed serum, confirming the role of triglyceride uptake in postprandial T cell metabolic programming. Transcriptomic analysis revealed higher expression of LDLR, OXPHOS proteins, and fatty acid metabolism enzymes in fed T cells over fasted T cells. Finally, human CAR T cells manufactured from the same donor after a meal show a therapeutic advantage over T cells collected in the fasted state. In summary, postprandial metabolism imparts durable metabolic and functional advantage on T cells. Our study highlights the need to consider diet content and timing as key factors in immune cell analysis, vaccination strategies, and the generation of cellular therapies for cancer.
Citation Format: Alok Kumar, Dayana B Rivadeneira, Alison Kohan, Greg Delgoffe. POSTPRANDIAL CHANGES TO SYSTEMIC METABOLISM IMPRINT DURABLE CHANGES ON T CELL IMMUNE RESPONSES [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2024 Oct 18-21; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2024;12(10 Suppl):Abstract nr A024.
Abstract A038: Antigen Presentation By Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts
Authors: Kina Eralda , Côté Caroline , Larouche Jean-David , Durette Chantal , Lanoix Joel , Bonneil Eric , Laverdure Jean-Philippe , Lavallée Gabriel Ouellet , Buchanan Margaret , Aguilar Adriana , Mechta-Grigoriou Fatima , Thibault Pierre , Basik Mark , Perreault Claude 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Introduction: Immunotherapy has shown promise in treating some patients with metastatic diseases, but the effectiveness of the immune system in controlling cancer is hampered by a suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), in which cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play a key role. Developing new and highly specific immunotherapeutic tools targeting CAFs may have a significative impact on tumor control. For this purpose, we aim to investigate antigen presentation characteristics by MHC-I molecules in CAFs and identify targetable CAF-specific antigens. Methods and Results: Analysis of existing single-cell datasets revealed higher expression of MHC-I in CAFs compared to normal fibroblasts (p&lt;0.05) in various tumor types. In melanoma, higher MHC-I expression was linked to resistance to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). Additionally, we found a positive correlation between MHC-I expression and immunosuppressive molecules such as galectin-9 and HVEM. These observations were supported by initial flow cytometry analyses in CAF cell lines derived from patients. Furthermore, prolonged and severe hypoxia further elevated MHC-I protein levels in CAF cell lines. Using a proteogenomic approach with mass spectrometry, we identified over 10,000 antigens in five patient-derived CAF cell lines from primary breast cancer tumors and one normal fibroblast cell line. By integrating single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing data from various tumors and normal tissues, we identified more than 20 CAF-specific or fibroblast-specific antigens. Conclusion: CAFs exhibit high MHC-I expression, which is amplified under hypoxic conditions. We have identified CAF-specific antigens that require evaluation for their immunogenicity, indicating the potential of CAFs as targets for antigen-based therapies.
Citation Format: Eralda Kina, Caroline Côté, Jean-David Larouche, Chantal Durette, Joel Lanoix, Eric Bonneil, Jean-Philippe Laverdure, Gabriel Ouellet Lavallée, Margaret Buchanan, Adriana , Fatima Mechta-Grigoriou, Pierre Thibault, Mark Basik, Claude Perreault. Antigen Presentation By Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2024 Oct 18-21; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2024;12(10 Suppl):Abstract nr A038.