bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interventions for Preventing Tobacco Uptake among Adolescents within School Setting in South-East Asia region: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bantwal Priyanka , Kulkarni Muralidhar M. , Kamath Veena G. , Jay Ratna , Jois Gahan S. , Sekar Nivetha , Shankar M. Vaishna , Bajwa Dalraj S. , Bhagawath Rohit , Naik Ashwath K. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Tobacco users disproportionately reside in lower-and-middle income countries, with many people beginning consumption of tobacco in adolescence. Countries employ interventions in schools as a means of providing health education thereby creating mass awareness among them. However, research has mostly restricted to developed nations.

Objective
To examine the impact of interventions implemented in preventing tobacco uptake among adolescents in school setting in South-East Asia region.

Method
The protocol was registered prospectively on PROSPERO (CRD42022337341). Systematic search was conducted on 6 databases: PubMed, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, ProQuest and Web of Science. Randomized Control Trials (RCT) and Cluster RCT conducted in school set-up in South-East Asia among adolescents below 18 years’ age were included. Articles between timeline 2002–2022 were considered.

Results
From a total of 963 articles, total of 13 studies were included. Four were RCT, while nine were Cluster RCT. Most of the studies were targeted at change in prevalence, followed change in knowledge and attitude towards tobacco and impact on susceptibility to use tobacco. Nine studies had interventions based on Health Promoting School Framework, three were Peer-led Interventions and one was Counsellor-centred Intervention. Risk of Bias assessment revealed eight studies had low risk of bias, two had some concerns while three were high risk studies.

Conclusion
Interventions that focus on building a holistic environment and go beyond the usual classroom environment have primarily been implemented and found to be effective in this region. There is a need for strong, high-quality RCT studies with standardised evaluation techniques to combat tobacco use among adolescents.
Active, passive and hybrid multilocal living practices - towards a classification
Authors: Wächter Leonie 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe accelerated pace of life, increased mobility and the individualisation of society have yielded a variety of postmodern living and housing environments. The proliferation of multilocal living practices can be understood as part of this change. Research on multilocality often focuses exclusively on those who reside in several places. The sedentary members of the same household, who remain at the primary residence and whose lives are significantly influenced by the rhythmic absence of the mobile members, are largely overlooked. Furthermore, the quantitative estimates of the extent of multilocal practices, based on official data, are currently insufficient. The aim of this study is to classify multi-local lifestyles to capture the diversity and complexity of these living practices, thereby expanding scholarly understanding of multilocality in its numerical entirety. To achieve this, a representative survey using a largely standardized questionnaire was conducted in two major city regions in Germany in the spring of 2023. The data from the study identified specific types of multilocality: active, passive, and hybrid multilocals, each exhibiting distinct characteristics. The integration of these multilocality types into the structure of multilocal households enables a classification that provides a framework for understanding how such households are organized and how they manage their mobility and residential practices. It is argued that all members of a multilocal household are significantly influenced by practises of multilocality, leading to a constant negotiation of their everyday lives.
C-Agree is local subject-verb agreement in Kipsigis
Authors: Driemel Imke , Kouneli Maria 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Upwards-oriented complementizer agreement raises questions about the directionality and locality of agreement. Based on novel data from original fieldwork, we argue that what has been described as an agreeing ‘say’-based complementizer in Kipsigis (Diercks and Rao 2019; Diercks et al. 2020) is the lexical verb ‘say,’ and what looks like C-Agree is in fact agreement between this verb and its locally introduced (often covert) subject. Our analysis highlights that ‘say’-based complementizers might be of category V, not C, in more languages than previously thought (Koopman 1984; Major 2021), which means that some instances of what has been described as C-Agree may instantiate standard verbal agreement. Furthermore, we provide a semantic analysis of ‘say’-based complementation in Kipsigis along the lines of contentful eventualities (Hacquard 2006; Kratzer 2013a).
The development of an in vitro floral culture transformation system for quinoa
Authors: Sidorov Vladimir , Maughan Peter J. , Yang Peizhen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBecause of its high-quality seed protein and ability to thrive in marginal habitats, Chenopodium quinoa has been identified as an important emerging grain crop for global food security. However, the lack of an efficient and robust transformation system has been a barrier for conducting the advanced genetic studies needed to better understand and improve the species for agronomic traits. Here we present a novel transformation system based on Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of in vitro floral culture. Quinoa floral cultures were established from inflorescences that naturally formed on plants grown in vitro. When placed on a cytokinin-containing medium, chopped inflorescences rapidly generated highly meristematic floral cultures, primarily composed of floral buds, flowers at various developmental stages, inflorescence shoots, and leafy structures. Transformation of these cultures with Agrobacterium carrying selectable and visual markers (NPTII and GUS) produced independent, stably transformed meristematic cultures resistant to paromomycin after an extended selection period (about 3 mo with sub-culture occurring every 15 d). Transformation frequency was about 20% and was calculated as the number of independent transformed events per initial number of floral culture explants used for transformation. In vitro flowers and inflorescences from putative transgenic events self-pollinated naturally and produced viable seeds that germinated without dormancy. We also demonstrated that flowering shoots could be successfully grafted onto wild rootstock to increase the number of seeds generated from T0 floral shoots. Molecular and phenotypic analysis of the progeny confirmed that the transgenes were stably integrated and inherited according to expected Mendelian ratios.
Role of Mo and Zr Additions in Enhancing the Behavior of New Ti–Mo Alloys for Implant Materials
Authors: Awad Ahmed H. , Saood Modar , Aly Hayam A. , Abdelghany Ahmed W. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe utilization of Ti–Mo alloys in biomedical applications has gained attention for use in biomedical applications owing to their non-toxicity, reasonable cost, and favorable properties. In the present study, Ti–12Mo–6Zr and Ti–15Mo–6Zr alloys were prepared using elemental blend and mechanical alloying techniques. The effect of alloying elements Mo and Zr of Ti–Mo alloy, as well as the effect of fabrication techniques of Ti–Mo–Zr trinary alloys, were investigated. Thermodynamic calculations supported by CALPHAD analysis revealed that the addition of Zr increases lattice distortion, which contributes to enhancing the strength. Conversely, adding Mo decreases the enthalpy, facilitating improved mixing and solid solution formation. The as-sintered samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, optical microscope, and scanning electron microscopy, and their microhardness, compressive, and corrosion behavior were investigated. Among all the investigated alloys, Ti–15Mo–6Zr alloy prepared by the mechanical alloying technique, milled for six hours at 300 rpm, compacted at 600 MPa, and sintered at 1250 ℃, shows good comprehensive mechanical properties with a preferable compressive strength (− 1710 MPa) and hardness (396 HV5), as well as the lowest wear rate (0.69%) and corrosion rate (0.557 × 10–3 mm/year). This can be related to the solid solution strengthening and relative density, together with dispersion and precipitation strengthening of the α phase. Remarkably, the combination of high mechanical and corrosion properties can be achieved by tailoring the content of the α phase, controlling the density, and providing new fabricating techniques for β Ti alloys.
Graphical Abstract
Iontophoresis and electroporation-assisted microneedles: advancements and therapeutic potentials in transdermal drug delivery
Authors: Abbasi Mehrnaz , Heath Braeden 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTransdermal drug delivery (TDD) using electrically assisted microneedle (MN) systems has emerged as a promising alternative to traditional drug administration routes. This review explores recent advancements in this technology across various therapeutic applications. Integrating iontophoresis (IP) and electroporation (EP) with MN technology has shown significant potential in improving treatment outcomes for various conditions. Studies demonstrate their effectiveness in enhancing vaccine and DNA delivery, improving diabetes management, and increasing efficacy in dermatological applications. The technology has also exhibited promise in delivering nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), treating multiple sclerosis, and advancing obesity and cancer therapy. These systems offer improved drug permeation, targeted delivery, and enhanced therapeutic effects. While challenges remain, including safety concerns and technological limitations, ongoing research focuses on optimizing these systems for broader clinical applications. The future of electrically assisted MN technologies in TDD appears promising, with potential advancements in personalized medicine, smart monitoring systems, and expanded therapeutic applications.
Graphical Abstract
Sensitizations to pollen differ between Central European and Sub-Saharan African atopic dermatitis patients
Authors: Fehr Danielle , Rentschler Muriel , Sendrasoa Fandresena , Li Nick , White Anna , Distler Meike , Lang Claudia , Masenga Gloria , Mosha Nelson , Semango George , Clemens Clara , Rasamoelina Tahinamandranto , Soankasina Abel Hermann , Rapelanoro Rabenja Fahafahantsoa , Mavura Daudi , Masenga John Elisante , Schmid-Grendelmeier Peter , Brüggen Marie-Charlotte 
Published: October 2024

Summary
Background
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is often associated with allergic comorbidities, such as allergic asthma or allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (ARC). Sensitizations to pollen can directly impact AD, as patients can experience exacerbation during pollen season. This study aims to gain more insights into the pollen sensitization patterns of AD patients in Central Europe compared with sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).

Methods
We performed a case–control study involving a total of 90 participants: 20 AD patients and 10 healthy controls (HC) each from Switzerland (CH), Tanzania (TZ), and Madagascar (MD). We collected clinical data and serum samples and performed a multiplex IgE test (ALEX2 Allergy Explorer, MacroArray Diagnostics, Vienna, Austria).

Results
The prevalence of ARC and asthma in AD patients was similar in all countries (ARC: 60% TZ, 70% CH, 75% MD; asthma: 25% TZ, 30% CH, 20% MD). Total IgE levels were significantly higher in both SSA HC populations compared with the Swiss HC. The analysis of specific IgE levels revealed major differences in sensitization patterns between Africa and Europe, especially regarding grass pollen allergens. Swiss AD patients were sensitized to various grass pollen such as Bahia grass, Bermuda grass, common reed, perennial ryegrass, rye, and timothy grass. However, these allergens were irrelevant in the SSA population: no AD patient or HC subject was sensitized to the tested grass pollen.

Conclusion
The considerably different sensitization patterns between European and SSA AD patients warrant the development of allergy testing and desensitization therapies tailored to the African setting. Therefore, there is a need to characterize local pollen types and counts.
How Do You Become Resilient? A Critical Realist Explanation of the Youth Resilience Process
Authors: Ho Grace W. K. , Leung Doris Y. L. , Chan Athena C. Y. , Bressington Daniel T. , Karatzias Thanos 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAdversities serve as risks, but also opportunities to acquire capacities to adjust positively in future stressors. There is now considerable agreement that resilience should be viewed as a process. However, a key question remains: Why do some individuals exhibit resilience while others do not? The present study aimed to provide a detailed description of the youth resilience process and theorized on the specific mechanisms that support positive adjustment following adversities in early life. In-depth interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 34 young adults with adverse childhood experiences; analysis followed a paradigm of critical realism. Results were organized in three levels of realist ontology to provide hierarchical and substantive support of findings and theorizations. We propose the Youth Resilience Process Model (Y-RPM), which integrates and builds on existing theories and concepts to explain the mechanisms and different pathways of internal processes that foster resilience among youths.
On sea ice emission modeling for MOSAiC's L-band radiometric measurements
Authors: Hernández-Macià Ferran , Gabarró Carolina , Huntemann Marcus , Naderpour Reza , Johnson Joel T. , Jezek Kenneth C. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The retrieval of sea ice thickness using L-band passive remote sensing requires robust models for emission from sea ice. In this work, measurements obtained from surface-based radiometers during the MOSAiC expedition are assessed with the Burke, Wilheit and SMRT radiative transfer models. These models encompass distinct methodologies: radiative transfer with/without wave coherence effects, and with/without scattering. Before running these emission models, the sea ice growth is simulated using the Cumulative Freezing Degree Days (CFDD) model to further compute the evolution of the ice structure during each period. Ice coring profiles done near the instruments are used to obtain the initial state of the computation, along with Digital Thermistor Chain (DTC) data to derive the sea ice temperature during the analyzed periods. The results suggest that the coherent approach used in the Wilheit model results in a better agreement with the horizontal polarization of the in situ measured brightness temperature. The Burke and SMRT incoherent models offer a more robust fit for the vertical component. These models are almost equivalent since the scattering considered in SMRT can be safely neglected at this low frequency, but the Burke model misses an important contribution from the snow layer above sea ice. The results also suggest that a more realistic permittivity falls between the spheres and random needles formulations, with potential for refinement, particularly for L-band applications, through future field measurements.
Living the good life? A systematic review of behavioural signs of affective state in the domestic horse (Equus caballus) and factors relating to quality of life. Part I: Fulfilment of species-specific needs
Authors: Hall Carol , Kay Rachel 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The welfare of horses involved in sport and leisure activities has come under increasing scrutiny, both from within the equine sector and from the public. A systematic review of scientific evidence was conducted to derive observable, evidence-based behavioural measures of positive or negative affective state and factors relating to quality of life in the domestic horse (Equus caballus). Two separate searches (including the terms ‘emotion/affect’, or ‘stress’) were conducted, with 179 articles being retained. In Part I of this two-part review (companion paper published simultaneously), articles relating to the extent to which the species-specific needs of the horse are fulfilled in the home environment (n = 21), in relation to social grouping (n = 20), and during weaning (n = 14) were reviewed. Experimental tests of affective state in relation to housing and management (n = 8), and studies relating to stereotypical behaviour (n = 7) were also included. Opportunities for behavioural expression were dependent upon the provision of social and physical resources. Withdrawn or agitated behaviours in situ, avoidance behaviour during handling and agonistic intra-species interactions were indicative of negative affective state. Affiliative intra-specific social interactions, and forage ingestion were considered positive signs. For horses to live a good life, their need for space, companionship, and forage must be prioritised from birth and throughout their lives.
Reset controller synthesis: a correct-by-construction way to the design of CPS
Authors: Zhan Naijun , Su Han , Yang Mengfei , Gu Bin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Controller synthesis offers a correct-by-construction methodology to ensure the correctness and reliability of safety-critical cyber-physical systems (CPS). Controllers are classified based on the types of controls they employ, which include reset controllers, feedback controllers and switching logic controllers. Reset controllers steer the behavior of a CPS to achieve system objectives by restricting its initial set and redefining its reset map associated with discrete jumps. Although the synthesis of feedback controllers and switching logic controllers has received considerable attention, research on reset controller synthesis is still in its early stages, despite its theoretical and practical significance. This paper outlines our recent efforts to address this gap. Our approach reduces the problem to computing differential invariants and reach-avoid sets. For polynomial CPS, the resulting problems can be solved by further reduction to convex optimizations. Moreover, considering the inevitable presence of time delays in CPS design, we further consider synthesizing reset controllers for CPS that incorporate delays.
Requirements management for lean digital twins
Authors: Rigby Jake , Jackson Bruce 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The “digital twin” is now a recognized core component of the Industry 4.0 journey, helping organizations to understand their complex processes, resources and data to provide insight, and help optimize their operations. Despite this, there are still multiple definitions and understandings of what a digital twin is; all of which has led to a “mysticism” around the concept. Following the “hype curve” model, it can be seen that digital twins have moved past their initial hype phase with only minimal implementation in industry, this is often due to the perceived high cost of initial development and sensor outfit. However, a second hype peak is predicted through the development of “lean digital twins.” Lean digital twins represent conceptual or physical systems in much lower detail (and hence at much lower cost to build and manage the models), focusing in on the key parameters and operators that most affect the desired optimal outcomes of the physical system. These lean digital twins are requirements managed with the system to ensure added value and tapping into existing architectures such as onboard platform management systems to minimize costs. This article was developed in partnership between BMT and Siemens to demystify the different definitions and components of a lean digital twin and discuss the process of implementing a lean digital twin solution that is tied to the core benefits in question and outlining the tools available to make implementation a reality.
Computational omics approaches to investigate the potential causal role of sleep and circadian rhythm disturbances in depression
Authors: Bian Beilei , Revez Joana A. , Crouse Jacob J. , Hickie Ian B. , Gachon Frédéric , Wray Naomi R. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Hickie et al. (2023) pose the question “Are sleep and circadian rhythm disturbances (SCRD) the cause or simply the consequence of depression or other mood disorder sub-types?” and suggest strategies to better understand the role of SCRD in depression. Here, we contribute to the discussion by highlighting state-of-the-art computational omics methods (and the data sets needed to use these methods) which have potential for improving our understanding of the role of circadian biology in mood disorders.
Rule of Law Mechanisms: Remote Risk Prevention in a Disorganised Crisis Management
Authors: Kovács Anita 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Over the last fifteen years, the European Union has built up its regulatory response to the rule of law crisis. That framework seeks to address rule of law-related undesirable events depending on whether or not they have already occurred. As risk prevention has a limited role in the EU’s rule of law policy, undesirable events are mostly dealt with in the context of crisis management. Evaluation, reaction and conditionality mechanisms are all affected by issues relating to operability and legitimacy which reduce their overall performance. The resulting moderate efficiency of crisis management tools may still be improved by making use of the upgraded rule of law mechanisms in a systemic way.
Improved covering results for conjugacy classes of symmetric groups via hypercontractivity
Authors: Keller Nathan , Lifshitz Noam , Sheinfeld Ohad 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We study covering numbers of subsets of the symmetric group

$S_n$

that exhibit closure under conjugation, known as normal sets. We show that for any

$\epsilon>0$

, there exists

$n_0$

such that if

$n>n_0$

and A is a normal subset of the symmetric group

$S_n$

of density

$\ge e^{-n^{2/5 - \epsilon }}$

, then

$A^2 \supseteq A_n$

. This improves upon a seminal result of Larsen and Shalev (Inventiones Math., 2008), with our

$2/5$

in the double exponent replacing their

$1/4$

.
Our proof strategy combines two types of techniques. The first is ‘traditional’ techniques rooted in character bounds and asymptotics for the Witten zeta function, drawing from the foundational works of Liebeck–Shalev, Larsen–Shalev, and more recently, Larsen–Tiep. The second is a sharp hypercontractivity theorem in the symmetric group, which was recently obtained by Keevash and Lifshitz. This synthesis of algebraic and analytic methodologies not only allows us to attain our improved bounds but also provides new insights into the behavior of general independent sets in normal Cayley graphs over symmetric groups.