bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental mucositis and experimental gingivitis in persons aged 70 or over. Clinical and biological responses
Authors: Meyer Simon , Giannopoulou Catherine , Courvoisier Delphine , Schimmel Martin , Müller Frauke , Mombelli Andrea 
Published: June 2016

AbstractObjectivesTo compare in persons aged 70 years or older the clinical and inflammatory changes occurring around implants and natural teeth during and after a phase of undisturbed plaque accumulation.Material and methodsTwenty partially edentulous participants with titanium implants refrained from oral hygiene practices while being clinically monitored in weekly intervals for 21 days. Teeth and implants were then cleaned, oral hygiene resumed, and the participants were further monitored for 3 weeks. Twelve biomarkers were assessed in gingival and peri‐implant crevicular fluid (GCF, PCF).ResultsDuring 3 weeks of oral hygiene abstention, the gingival index (GI) continuously increased. On day 21, there were significantly more sites with GI >1 at implants than at teeth. After restarting oral hygiene, the GI decreased markedly in both groups. Throughout the experiment, the plaque index was significantly higher on teeth than on implants.The different biomarkers reacted variably. IL‐1β increased significantly with plaque accumulation. IL‐1β, GM‐CSF, TNF‐α, and IFN‐γ were significantly higher in GCF compared to PCF at day 21. IL‐8 decreased significantly in GCF up to day 14. MIP‐1β decreased significantly in GCF, but not in PCF. At the 3‐week follow‐up, the levels of all biomarkers assessed in GCF and PCF had returned to baseline values.ConclusionsIn an elderly cohort, plaque accumulation induced an inflammatory reaction around both teeth and implants. Although there was less plaque accumulation on implants, the peri‐implant mucosa showed a stronger clinical response than gingiva.
Policy challenges and approaches for the conservation of mangrove forests in Southeast Asia
Authors: Friess Daniel A. , Thompson Benjamin S. , Brown Ben , Amir A. Aldrie , Cameron Clint , Koldewey Heather J. , Sasmito Sigit D. , Sidik Frida 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMany drivers of mangrove forest loss operate over large scales and are most effectively addressed by policy interventions. However, conflicting or unclear policy objectives exist at multiple tiers of government, resulting in contradictory management decisions. To address this, we considered four approaches that are being used increasingly or could be deployed in Southeast Asia to ensure sustainable livelihoods and biodiversity conservation. First, a stronger incorporation of mangroves into marine protected areas (that currently focus largely on reefs and fisheries) could resolve some policy conflicts and ensure that mangroves do not fall through a policy gap. Second, examples of community and government comanagement exist, but achieving comanagement at scale will be important in reconciling stakeholders and addressing conflicting policy objectives. Third, private‐sector initiatives could protect mangroves through existing and novel mechanisms in degraded areas and areas under future threat. Finally, payments for ecosystem services (PES) hold great promise for mangrove conservation, with carbon PES schemes (known as blue carbon) attracting attention. Although barriers remain to the implementation of PES, the potential to implement them at multiple scales exists. Closing the gap between mangrove conservation policies and action is crucial to the improved protection and management of this imperiled coastal ecosystem and to the livelihoods that depend on them.
Impacts of hunting on tropical forests in Southeast Asia
Authors: Harrison Rhett D. , Sreekar Rachakonda , Brodie Jedediah F. , Brook Sarah , Luskin Matthew , O'Kelly Hannah , Rao Madhu , Scheffers Brett , Velho Nandini 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAlthough deforestation and forest degradation have long been considered the most significant threats to tropical biodiversity, across Southeast Asia (Northeast India, Indochina, Sundaland, Philippines) substantial areas of natural habitat have few wild animals (>1 kg), bar a few hunting‐tolerant species. To document hunting impacts on vertebrate populations regionally, we conducted an extensive literature review, including papers in local journals and reports of governmental and nongovernmental agencies. Evidence from multiple sites indicated animal populations declined precipitously across the region since approximately 1980, and many species are now extirpated from substantial portions of their former ranges. Hunting is by far the greatest immediate threat to the survival of most of the region's endangered vertebrates. Causes of recent overhunting include improved access to forests and markets, improved hunting technology, and escalating demand for wild meat, wildlife‐derived medicinal products, and wild animals as pets. Although hunters often take common species, such as pigs or rats, for their own consumption, they take rarer species opportunistically and sell surplus meat and commercially valuable products. There is also widespread targeted hunting of high‐value species. Consequently, as currently practiced, hunting cannot be considered sustainable anywhere in the region, and in most places enforcement of protected‐area and protected‐species legislation is weak. The international community's focus on cross‐border trade fails to address overexploitation of wildlife because hunting and the sale of wild meat is largely a local issue and most of the harvest is consumed in villages, rural towns, and nearby cities. In addition to improved enforcement, efforts to engage hunters and manage wildlife populations through sustainable hunting practices are urgently needed. Unless there is a step change in efforts to reduce wildlife exploitation to sustainable levels, the region will likely lose most of its iconic species, and many others besides, within the next few years.
Species roles in plant–pollinator communities are conserved across native and alien ranges
Authors: Emer Carine , Memmott Jane , Vaughan Ian P. , Montoya Daniel , Tylianakis Jason M. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimAlien species alter interaction networks by disrupting existing interactions, for example between plants and pollinators, and by engaging in new interactions. Predicting the effects of an incoming invader can be difficult, although recent work suggests species roles in interaction networks may be conserved across locations. We test whether species roles in plant–pollinator networks differ between their native and alien ranges and whether the former can be used to predict the latter.LocationWorld‐wide.MethodsWe used 64 plant–pollinator networks to search for species occurring in at least one network in its native range and one network in its alien range. We found 17 species meeting these criteria, distributed in 48 plant–pollinator networks. We characterized each species’ role by estimating species‐level network indices: normalized degree, closeness centrality, betweenness centrality and two measures of contribution to modularity (c‐andz‐scores). Linear mixed models and linear regression models were used to test for differences in species role between native and alien ranges and to predict those roles from the native to the alien range, respectively.ResultsSpecies roles varied considerably across species. Nevertheless, although species lost their native mutualists and gained novel interactions in the alien community, their role did not differ significantly between ranges. Consequently, closeness centrality and normalized degree in the alien range were highly predictable from the native range networks.Main conclusionsSpecies with high degree and centrality define the core of nested networks. Our results suggest that core species are likely to establish interactions and be core species in the alien range, whilst species with few interactions in their native range will behave similarly in their alien range. Our results provide new insights into species role conservatism and could help ecologists to predict alien species impact at the community level.
Does participation in an undergraduate journal club make dental students more knowledgeable and confident in practising evidence‐based dentistry?
Authors: Parhar S. , Gibson J. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimTo establish whether participation in an undergraduate journal club makes dental students more knowledgeable and confident in practising evidence‐based dentistry.MethodsThe first journal club session was held in December 2013, with the sessions held monthly during term‐time subsequently. All students attending the first session were invited to participate in the study. The KACE (evidence‐based practice Knowledge, Attitudes, access & Confidence Evaluation) questionnaire was administered at baseline, with a follow‐up after a year.ResultsThirty‐eight students completed the baseline questionnaire, and 37 students completed the follow‐up questionnaire. Mean knowledge score increased from 3.87 to 5.18 (P = 0.00008), access score from 23.97 to 25.66 (P = 0.015) and confidence score from 14.97 to 16.84 (P = 0.003). No linear relationships were detected with any score, either for journal club sessions attended, podcasts listened to, PowerPoints viewed or articles read.DiscussionOur study showed significant increases in knowledge, access and confidence scores, suggesting our journal club was an effective format. Despite the provision of food and drink, only a small proportion of the entire BDS cohort attended the sessions, limiting the generalisability of the study. Our study aims to lay foundations for more thorough methodology in future research.
Flower visitation patterns of the coexisting honey bees Apis cerana japonica and Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
Authors: Tatsuno Midzuho , Osawa Naoya 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe compared flower visitation patterns of two coexisting honey bees, Apis mellifera Linnaeus and Apis cerana japonica Radoszkowski, on 20 plant species, including three exotics, under natural conditions in Nara, Japan, from April to August 2012. We also measured flower color based on bee color vision (15 flower species), nectar volume (nine species) and nectar concentration (eight species). Flowers colored white, pink, red, purple and cream were classified as bee‐blue‐green, and yellow was classified as bee‐green. Apis cerana visited 14 plant species and A. mellifera visited 11. Although the two Apis species are similar in morphology, they visited different plants: in particular, A. cerana visited native plant species more often than did A. mellifera. Both A. mellifera and A. cerana visited not only nectariferous flowers but also those with no nectar. We also found different visitation patterns between A. cerana and A. mellifera: Apis cerana more often visited flowers with smaller color angle (bee‐blue‐green), lower chroma and higher brightness, and flowers secreting nectars of higher concentration and smaller volume than did A. mellifera.
Optimization of voriconazole dosage regimen to improve the efficacy in patients with invasive fungal disease by pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis
Authors: Chen Lu , Wang Taotao , Wang Yan , Yang Qianting , Xie Jiao , Li Ying , Lei Jin'e , Wang Xue , Xing Jianfeng , Dong Yalin , Dong Haiyan 
Published: June 2016

AbstractInvasive fungal disease (IFD) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. To maximize the efficacy of voriconazole treatment, the study established the relationship between voriconazole pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) and probability of response and optimized voriconazole dosage regimen in patients with IFD based on Monte Carlo simulation. Forty‐four patients proven with IFD were involved in this study. Among them, the overall cure rate was 75% (33/44) and there was a significant difference between Cmin/MIC values in patients with lack of response (n = 11) and those with successful response (n = 33) (mean value: 1.91 vs. 11.33; P < 0.05). Logistic regression model showed a high correlation between voriconazole Cmin/MIC ratio and clinical response (P = 0.044, OR = 1.349). According to Monte Carlo simulation results under different voriconazole dosing regimens, we could draw a conclusion that 200 mg voriconazole administered intravenously or orally twice daily for Candida infections and 300 mg administered orally or with 200 mg administered intravenously twice daily for Aspergillus infections were rational, which could achieve a value of the cumulative fraction of response >90%. This study built the relationship between voriconazole PK/PD and clinical response and obtained the reasonable empirical dosage regimen, which can be used to customize individual dosage regimen and improve the efficacy of voriconazole treatment.
Flawed citation practices facilitate the unsubstantiated perception of a global trend toward increased jellyfish blooms
Authors: Sanz‐Martín Marina , Pitt Kylie A. , Condon Robert H. , Lucas Cathy H. , Novaes de Santana Charles , Duarte Carlos M. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSpeculation over a global rise in jellyfish populations has become widespread in the scientific literature, but until recently the purported ‘global increase’ had not been tested. Here we present a citation analysis of peer‐reviewed literature to track the evolution of the current perception of increases in jellyfish and identify key papers involved in its establishment. Trend statements and citation threads were reviewed and arranged in a citation network. Trend statements were assessed according their degree of affirmation and spatial scale, and the appropriateness of the citations used to support statements was assessed. Analyses showed that 48.9% of publications misinterpreted the conclusions of cited sources, with a bias towards claiming jellyfish populations are increasing, with a single review having the most influence on the network. Collectively, these disparities resulted in a network based on unsubstantiated statements and citation threads. As a community, we must ensure our statements about scientific findings in general are accurately substantiated and carefully communicated such that incorrect perceptions, as in the case of jellyfish blooms, do not develop in the absence of rigorous testing.
The relative importance of intrinsic and extrinsic factors in the decline of obligate seeder forests
Authors: Bowman David M. J. S. , Williamson Grant J. , Prior Lynda D. , Murphy Brett P. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractForests that regenerate exclusively from seed following high‐severity fire are particularly vulnerable to local extinction if fire frequency leaves insufficient time for regenerating plants to reach sexual maturity. We evaluate the relative importance of extrinsic (such as fire weather and climate cycles) and intrinsic (such as proneness to fire due to stand age and structural development) factors in driving the decline of obligate seeder forests. We illustrate this using obligate seeding alpine ash (Eucalyptus delegatensis) forests in the montane regions of Victoria, Australia, that were burnt by megafires in 2003 (142,256 ha) or 2007 (79,902 ha), including some twice‐burnt areas (11,599 ha). Geospatial analyses showed only a small effect of stand age on the remote sensing estimates of crown defoliation, but a substantial effect of forest fire weather, as measured by forest fire danger index (FFDI). Analysis of meteorological data over the last century showed that 5‐year increases in FFDI precede cycle major fires in the E. delegatensis forests. Such strong extrinsic climate/weather driving of high‐severity fires is consistent with the ‘interval squeeze model’ that postulates the vulnerability of obligate seeder forests to landscape‐scale demographic collapse in response to worsening fire weather under climate change.
Retention of plankton within ocean eddies
Authors: Condie Scott , Condie Ryan 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimMesoscale ocean eddies (closed circular currents typically 100–300 km in diameter) are ubiquitous features of the world's oceans. They form partially isolated environments with distinct physical and chemical conditions capable of supporting and transporting whole plankton communities. The productivity and biodiversity of these communities is ultimately dependent on an eddy's ability to retain planktonic organisms. Our aim was to estimate eddy retention time‐scales across a range of oceanic environments and larval behaviours, with implications for both distributions and future changes in plankton communities.LocationThe Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean, Southern Ocean and Mediterranean Sea.MethodsA particle‐tracking model was forced using ocean currents from a number of validated hydrodynamic models covering environments ranging from shelf seas to the open ocean and equatorial to high‐latitude waters. Eddies were seeded with large numbers of particles and their rate of loss from the eddy was used to estimate retention times. The influences of common plankton swimming behaviours were explicitly captured in the model.ResultsEddy retention times of modelled plankton ranged from 5 to 67 days, with a median of 19 days. Retention times were not correlated with latitude or eddy size. However, plankton residing near the surface of eddies rotating cyclonically (anticlockwise in the Northern Hemisphere) had significantly shorter retention times than those residing in the same eddy at depth, and vice versa for eddies rotating anticyclonically.Main conclusionsWe show that ocean eddies have the potential to retain and support planktonic (and even nektonic) communities over many generations and are likely to enhance larval survival for many invertebrate and fish species. Differences in retention with depth suggest that cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies will support differing plankton communities. If their relative geographical distributions change with global climate, then the relative proportions of diatom‐based and dinoflagellate‐based communities may also change, with potential implications for higher trophic animals.
Potential biomarkers of haemophilic arthropathy: correlations with compatible additive magnetic resonance imaging scores
Authors: Oldenburg J. , Zimmermann R. , Katsarou O. , Zanon E. , Kellermann E. , Lundin B. , Ellinghaus P. 
Published: June 2016

IntroductionAlthough biomarkers are useful diagnostic tools to assess joint damage in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, few data exist for biomarkers of haemophilic arthropathy.AimTo evaluate the association between biomarkers and compatible additive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scores in patients with severe haemophilia A.MethodsPatients aged 12–35 years with no history of factor VIII (FVIII) inhibitors were enrolled in a controlled, cross‐sectional, multinational investigation. Patients received primary or secondary prophylaxis or on‐demand treatment with FVIII and underwent MRI on four joints (two ankles, two knees). Soluble biomarkers of cartilage and bone degradation, inflammation, and angiogenesis were assessed (serum levels of C‐terminal telopeptides of type I collagen [CTX‐I], cartilage oligomeric matrix protein [COMP], chondroitin‐sulphate aggrecan turnover 846 epitope [CS846], tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 [TIMP‐1]; plasma levels of vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF], matrix metalloproteinases 3 and 9 [MMP3, MMP9]). Relationships between biomarkers and MRI scores were evaluated using Spearman rank correlation.ResultsBiomarkers were assessed in 117 of 118 per‐protocol patients. Mean and median CTX‐I, COMP, TIMP‐1, MMP3, MMP9, and VEGF values were within normal ranges (reference range not available for CS846 in healthy volunteers). No correlations between biomarkers and MRI scores were found, with the exception of CS846, which showed significant correlation in a subgroup of 22 on‐demand patients (r = 0.436; P = 0.04).ConclusionsCompatible additive MRI scores showed no clear correlations with any of the potential biomarkers for haemophilic arthropathy in the overall population. CS846 levels were significantly correlated with MRI scores in patients treated on demand.
Efficacy and safety of BAY 81‐8973, a full‐length recombinant factor VIII: results from the LEOPOLD I trial
Authors: Saxena K. , Lalezari S. , Oldenburg J. , Tseneklidou‐Stoeter D. , Beckmann H. , Yoon M. , Maas Enriquez M. 
Published: June 2016

IntroductionBAY 81‐8973 (Kovaltry®) is a full‐length, unmodified recombinant human factor VIII (FVIII) with the same amino acid sequence as sucrose‐formulated recombinant FVIII and is produced using additional advanced manufacturing technologies.AimTo demonstrate efficacy and safety of BAY 81‐8973 for treatment of bleeds and as prophylaxis based on two different potency assignments.MethodsIn LEOPOLD I (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT01029340), males aged 12–65 years with severe haemophilia A and ≥150 exposure days received BAY 81‐8973 20–50 IU kg−1 two or three times per week for 12 months. Potency was based on chromogenic substrate assay per European Pharmacopoeia and label adjusted to mimic one‐stage assay potency. Patients were randomized for potency sequence and crossed over potency groups after 6 months, followed by an optional 12‐month extension. Primary efficacy endpoint was annualized bleeding rate (ABR). Patients also received BAY 81‐8973 during major surgeries.ResultsSixty‐two patients received BAY 81‐8973 prophylaxis and were included in the analysis. Median ABR was 1.0 (quartile 1, 0; quartile 3, 5.1) without clinically relevant differences between potency periods. Median ABR was similar for twice‐weekly vs. three times‐weekly dosing (1.0 vs. 2.0). Haemostasis was maintained during 12 major surgeries. Treatment‐related adverse event (AE) incidence was ≤7% overall; no patient developed inhibitors. One patient with risk factors for cardiovascular disease developed a myocardial infarction.ConclusionsBAY 81‐8973 was efficacious in preventing and treating bleeding episodes, irrespective of the potency assignment method, with few treatment‐related AEs. Caution should be used when treating older patients with cardiovascular risk factors.
Polymorphisms in HLA‐DQ genes, together with age, sex, and Helicobacter pylori infection, as potential biomarkers for the early diagnosis of gastric cancer
Authors: Pérez‐Rodríguez Martha , Partida‐Rodríguez Oswaldo , Camorlinga‐Ponce Margarita , Flores‐Luna Lourdes , Lazcano Eduardo , Gómez Alejandro , Herrera‐Goepfert Roberto , Medrano‐Guzmán Rafael , Torres Javier 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundPolymorphisms in inflammation‐related genes are factors associated with the development of gastroduodenal diseases in Helicobacter pylori‐infected individuals.Materials and MethodsWe aimed to analyze polymorphisms in HLA‐DQ, together with other host and H. pylori variables as risk factors for precancerous and cancerous gastric lesions. 1052 individuals were studied, including nonatrophic gastritis (NAG), intestinal metaplasia (IM), gastric cancer (GC) or duodenal ulcer (DU) patients, and healthy volunteers.ResultsPatients with alleles DQA*01:01 (OR 0.78), *01:02 (OR 0.29), *01:03 (OR 0.31), and DQB*02:01/02 (OR 0.40) showed a reduced risk for GC. A multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that patients with homozygote genotypes DQA1*03:01 (OR 7.27) and DQA1*04:01 (OR 8.99) and DQB1*05:01:01 (OR 12.04) were at significantly increased risk for GC. Multivariate analyses also demonstrated that age (OR>10.0) and gender (OR>2.0) were variables that influenced significantly the risk for GC, while H. pylori infection (OR>2.5) increased the risk for IM.ConclusionsWe identified HLA‐DQ alleles associated with IM and GC, and confirm that age, sex, and H. pylori infection are variables that also influence the risk for disease. The use of multiple markers, HLA‐DQ alleles, age, sex, and H. pylori infection may be useful biomarkers for the early diagnosis of patients with IM and GC.