bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Sex‐Specific Trade‐Off Between Pesticide Resistance and Tolerance to Heat‐Induced Sterility in Tetranychus urticae
Authors: Costa Sofia G. , Magalhães Sara , Santos Inês , Zélé Flore , Rodrigues Leonor R. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTCurrent pest management relies extensively on pesticide application worldwide, despite the frequent rise of pesticide resistance in crop pests. This is particularly worrisome because resistance is often not costly enough to be lost in populations after pesticide application, resulting in increased dependency on pesticide application. As climate warming increases, effort should be put into understanding how heat tolerance will affect the persistence of pesticide resistance in populations. To address this, we measured heat tolerance in two populations of the spider mite crop pest Tetranychus urticae that differ in the presence or absence of a target‐site mutation conferring resistance to etoxazole pesticide. We found that developmental time and fertility, but not survival, were negatively affected by increasing temperatures in the susceptible population. Furthermore, we found no difference between resistant and susceptible populations in all life‐history traits when both sexes developed at control temperature, nor when females developed at high temperature. Resistant heat‐stressed males, in contrast, showed lower fertility than susceptible ones, indicating a sex‐specific trade‐off between heat tolerance and pesticide resistance. This suggests that global warming could lead to reduced pesticide resistance in natural populations. However, resistant females, being as affected by high temperature as susceptible individuals, may buffer the toll in resistant male fertility, and the shorter developmental time at high temperatures may accelerate adaptation to temperature, the pesticide or the cost thereof. Ultimately, the complex dynamic between these two factors will determine whether resistant populations can persist under climate warming.
Carpometacarpal joint arthrodesis to treat a luxation of the fourth carpal bone in a filly
Authors: Charbonnel Anna , Meurice Antoine , de Fourmestraux Claire 
Published: September 2024

SummaryA 1‐month‐old Paint filly was diagnosed with a latero‐distal luxation of the fourth carpal bone associated with avulsion fractures of the third and fourth carpal bones and rupture of intercarpal ligaments based on clinical, radiography and computed tomography examination. A carpometacarpal (CMC) joint arthrodesis was performed using a lateral 3.5 mm 5‐hole Locking Compression Plate (LCP) T‐plate and a medial 3.5 mm 5‐hole narrow LCP plate associated with mediocarpal arthroscopic exploration. An external coaptation was maintained for 6 weeks. No complication was reported and the filly was full loading the day after surgery. Radiographical follow‐up was available 6 and 14 weeks after surgery showing an intact construct and stable fixation with a complete fusion of the lateral part of the carpometacarpal joint at 14 weeks postoperatively. The filly was sound on pasture without angular deformity 4 months after surgery. Luxation of the fourth carpal bone was successfully stabilised using two LCP plates, leading to complete soundness and preservation of middle carpal joint motion.
Prediction of stock prices with automated reinforced learning algorithms
Authors: Yasin Said , Paschke Adrian , Al Qundus Jamal 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPredicting stock price movements remains a major challenge in time series analysis. Despite extensive research on various machine learning techniques, few models have consistently achieved success in automated stock trading. One of the main challenges in stock price forecasting is that the optimal model changes over time due to market dynamics. This paper aims to predict stock prices using automated reinforcement learning algorithms and to analyse their efficiency compared with conventional methods. We automate DQN models and their variants, known for their adaptability, by continuously retraining them using recent data to capture market dynamics. We demonstrate that our dynamic models improve the accuracy of predicting the directions of various DAX stocks from 50.00% to approximately 60.00%, compared with conventional methods. Additionally, we conclude that dynamic models should be updated in response to shifts rather than at fixed intervals.
Zero‐beta risks and required returns: ESG and CAPM
Authors: Johnstone David , Grant Andrew 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe ask how idiosyncratic zero‐beta risks (e.g., the risk of litigation or R&D failing) affect the firm's cost of capital under capital asset pricing model (CAPM). Surprisingly, perhaps, CAPM theory reveals that adding an idiosyncratic risk to the firm's payoff distribution will usually although not necessarily increase the firm's cost of capital. Lintner's famous original CAPM expositions revealed that the firm's CAPM cost of capital is a function of the ratio of the covariance of its cash payoff with the market to its payoff mean. Lintner proved that an idiosyncratic risk that affects the firm's payoff covarianceper unit of meanis“priced” in the sense that it necessarily alters the firm's CAPM discount rate. We explain and clarify Lintner's argument using elementary CAPM equations and numerical examples.
Examining beginner Spanish learners' interactions during text chat: Self‐monitoring and the impact of metacognitive instruction
Authors: Moranski Kara , Ziegler Nicole , Finnegan Abbie 
Published: September 2024

AbstractText chat facilitates L2 use by providing learners with extended time to plan, monitor, and process production during interactional tasks. However, learners may not naturally take advantage of these affordances, especially for providing peer feedback. This study used video‐enhanced chat scripts to examine the behavior of beginner L2 Spanish learners (n = 46) completing decision‐consensus tasks via text chat, investigating how learners interacted with the medium to self‐monitor by deleting text before sending. Learners were also differentially assigned to receive metacognitive instruction (MI) to learn ways to provide corrective feedback to peers or engage in language‐related episodes (LREs). Results showed that all learners frequently used text chat's affordances to self‐correct and also integrated technology to resolve LREs (creating technology‐assisted LREs). However, MI did not have a significant impact on the production of corrective feedback or LREs, potentially due to attentional resources expended during self‐correction. These findings suggest that completing task‐based activities within text chat may be beneficial for promoting beginner learners' linguistic processing and integrating technology to facilitate discussion of L2 form but less impactful for promoting peer feedback.
Eddy covariance measurements reveal a decreased carbon sequestration strength 2010–2022 in an African semiarid savanna
Authors: Wieckowski Aleksander , Vestin Patrik , Ardö Jonas , Roupsard Olivier , Ndiaye Ousmane , Diatta Ousmane , Ba Seydina , Agbohessou Yélognissè , Fensholt Rasmus , Verbruggen Wim , Gebremedhn Haftay Hailu , Tagesson Torbern 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMonitoring the changes of ecosystem functioning is pivotal for understanding the global carbon cycle. Despite its size and contribution to the global carbon cycle, Africa is largely understudied in regard to ongoing changes of its ecosystem functioning and their responses to climate change. One of the reasons is the lack of long‐term in situ data. Here, we use eddy covariance to quantify the net ecosystem exchange (NEE) and its components—gross primary production (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (Reco) for years 2010–2022 for a Sahelian semiarid savanna to study trends in the fluxes. Significant negative trends were found for NEE (12.7 ± 2.8 g C m2 year−1), GPP (39.6 ± 7.9 g C m2 year−1), and Reco (32.2 ± 8.9 g C m2 year−1). We found that NEE decreased by 60% over the study period, and this decrease was mainly caused by stronger negative trends in rainy season GPP than in Reco. Additionally, we observed strong increasing trends in vapor pressure deficit, but no trends in rainfall or soil water content. Thus, a proposed explanation for the decrease in carbon sink strength is increasing atmospheric dryness. The warming climate in the Sahel, coupled with increasing evaporative demand, may thus lead to decreased GPP levels across this biome, and lowering its CO2 sequestration.
Ubrogepant users' real‐world experience: Patients on ubrogepant, characteristics and outcomes (UNIVERSE) study
Authors: Shewale Anand R. , Poh Weijie , Reed Michael L. , Liu Jinjie , Cadiou Francois , Ezzati Ali , Burslem Kate , Manthena Shivaji , Lipton Richard B. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the real‐world effectiveness of ubrogepant by evaluating self‐reported satisfaction with pain relief, ability to think clearly, and return to normal function in individuals who had used ubrogepant to treat a migraine episode within the preceding 14 days.BackgroundUbrogepant is an oral calcitonin gene–related peptide receptor antagonist approved for the acute treatment of migraine in adults. Few studies have evaluated the real‐world effectiveness of ubrogepant.MethodsThe UNIVERSE study was an observational, cross‐sectional survey conducted between February 2021 and April 2021 in US adult Migraine Buddy application (app) users currently treated with ubrogepant. Individuals who were 18 years of age or older and reported at least one dose of ubrogepant in the previous 14 days completed a 30‐question survey in the app. The survey assessed respondent demographics, migraine history, acute treatment patterns, and treatment satisfaction with ubrogepant. Respondents also reported prior acute medication use and reasons for switching to ubrogepant.ResultsOf the 1303 ubrogepant users contacted, 302 (23.2%; 50 mg, 120 participants; 100 mg, 182 participants) were included in this study. The mean (standard deviation) age was 41.9 (11.2) years, and 90.1% (272/302) were female. Satisfaction with migraine relief at 2, 4, and 24 h post‐dose was reported by 75.8% (229/302), 83.4% (252/302), and 78.5% (237/302) of participants, respectively. Satisfaction with the ability to think clearly after taking ubrogepant was reported by 85.1% (257/302) of participants, and 83.8% (253/302) were satisfied with their ability to return to normal function. Furthermore, 90.7% (274/302) of participants reported that they were likely to continue using ubrogepant to treat their migraine. Most participants (n = 264 [87%]) reported switching to ubrogepant due to inadequate treatment response with their previous treatment. In this subgroup, comparable outcomes were observed with respect to satisfaction with migraine relief, ability to think clearly, and return to normal function.ConclusionsUbrogepant demonstrated real‐world effectiveness in the acute treatment of migraine, as evidenced by high levels of treatment satisfaction and a strong indication of their intent to continue using the medication.
‘Leaving the Door Open’: Perspectives on Decision‐Making for Non‐Emergency Diabetes‐Related Amputation
Authors: Ong Emilee Kim Ming , Murray Carolyn , Hillier Susan , Causby Ryan 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionHaving a lower extremity amputation is a life‐changing decision for people living with a diabetes‐related foot ulcer. Although previous research has described both positive and negative lifestyle and function outcomes of diabetes‐related amputations, limited research has been conducted on the decision‐making processes leading up to the amputation. This study aimed to explore the perspectives of persons, healthcare practitioners and experts (including academics and specialists) on decision‐making for people with a diabetes‐related foot ulcer who may require a non‐emergency amputation.MethodsA qualitative descriptive study using semi‐structured interviews enabled people to share their thought processes when making decisions for amputation. Twenty‐six participants were interviewed, including nine people with a diabetes‐related foot ulcer or amputation, nine health practitioners and eight experts located across five countries. There were 13 female and 13 male participants. Thematic analysis was used for data analysis.ResultsFour themes described the decision‐making considerations for amputation: ‘Balancing the evidence in decision‐making’, ‘Trust, respect and timing of conversations inform decision‐making’, ‘Tailoring decisions for individual circumstance’ and ‘Reaching the tipping point in decisions for the future’. Work commitments, functional and lifestyle impacts of amputation, the presence of support networks and clinical wound features formed the evidence for a decision for amputation.ConclusionUnderstanding quality of life needs ensured that decisions for amputation addressed expectations and lifestyle needs. Living with a diabetes‐related foot ulcer presented daily challenges that pushed people to a tipping point, at which amputation was considered to overcome these hardships and enable them to move on to the next chapter of their life. Further research is required to understand how person‐centred factors can be better incorporated alongside objective clinical assessments in decisions for amputation.Patient or Public ContributionPeople with diabetes‐related foot ulcers, health practitioners and experts shared their perspectives on the decision‐making process for amputation through one‐to‐one interviews. Consideration of the person in the context of their life, environment and personal needs alongside the pathological factors is warranted.
The safety of same‐day discharge following percutaneous coronary intervention in regional Australia
Authors: Chia Justin , Wilson Angus , Law David , Kelly Maura , Lambert Benjamin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundSame‐day discharge (SDD) following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has proven safe, and global adoption of this strategy has been increasing rapidly. These data are predominantly derived from high‐volume, metropolitan centres with a relative paucity of data from regional and remote settings.AimsThe primary objective of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of a same‐day, criteria‐led discharge strategy following elective transradial PCI in a regional setting.MethodsThis is a retrospective, single‐centre cohort study. Consecutive outpatients aged ≥18 years presenting for elective transradial invasive coronary angiography between March 2019 and February 2024 were included in the analysis. We report the primary composite outcome of 30‐day all‐cause mortality and unplanned hospital readmission and compare proportions between those who were discharged on the day of their procedure with those admitted overnight in hospital and discharged the next day.ResultsA total of 555 eligible patients were identified, of which 330 (60%) were discharged on the day of their procedure. The composite primary end‐point occurred in seven (2%) of the SDD patients and in six (3%) of the overnight admission patients (relative risk = 0.80; 95% confidence interval = 0.27–2.34; P = 0.68). No significant differences were seen in rates of readmission, or in other clinical outcomes assessed, including death, myocardial infarction, stroke and vascular complications or bleeding.ConclusionIn a regional setting, SDD following elective transradial PCI, in select patients, is a safe approach which was not associated with higher rates of unplanned readmission or adverse clinical outcomes.
Optical and Mechanical Properties of the Multi‐Transition Zones of a Translucent Zirconia
Authors: Vardhaman Sonaj , Borba Marcia , Kaizer Marina R. , Kim Do Kyung , Zhang Yu 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo characterize the composition, flexure resistance, and optical properties of a multilayer translucent zirconia in relation to its multi‐transition zones.Materials and MethodsA multilayer zirconia (5Y/4Y) and a conventional 3 mol% yttria partially stabilized zirconia (3Y) were investigated. Bar‐shaped specimens were obtained from the enamel and dentin layers, and the vertical cross‐section of 5Y/4Y (N = 10). A four‐point flexural (σf) test was performed using a universal testing machine (1.0 mm/min). Plate‐shaped specimens (N = 6) were also produced from the enamel, transition 1, transition 2, and dentin layers. Translucency parameters (TPab and TP00) were determined using a dental spectrophotometer (N = 6). X‐ray fluorescence and X‐ray diffraction techniques were used to analyze elemental (N = 2) and phase compositions (N = 2), respectively. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test (α = 0.05).ResultsThe yttrium content and σf varied between layers of 5Y/4Y. 3Y had the highest σf, followed by dentin. Enamel and cross‐section showed lower and statically similar σf. 3Y and dentin groups had similar but statistically lower TPab and TP00 than the enamel.ConclusionsDifferent layers of multilayered zirconia have distinct compositions, which affect their mechanical and optical properties. The weak enamel layer compromises the mechanical properties of cross‐sectional specimens.Clinical SignificanceThe development of novel cubic‐containing multilayer zirconia ceramics to produce monolithic restorations brings new challenges to dental clinicians and laboratory technicians. The CAD/CAM design of multilayered 5Y/4Y restorations should consider the esthetic and mechanical requirements of each clinical case, as different properties are found in the different layers of these materials.
Sex differences in quantitative ultrasonographic measurements of the rectus femoris in children
Authors: Cruz‐Montecinos Carlos , Pinto Matheus D. , Pinto Ronei S. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe distribution and amount of intramuscular fat and fibrous tissue can be influenced by biological sex and impact muscle quality in both the functional (force‐generating capacity) and morphological (muscle composition) domains. While ultrasonography (US) has proven effective in assessing age‐ or sex‐related differences in muscle quality, limited information is available on sex differences in children. Quantitative ultrasonographic measurements, such as echo intensity (EI), EI bands (number of pixels across 50‐unit intervals) and texture, may offer a comprehensive framework for identifying sex differences in muscle composition. The aim of our study was to examine the effect of sex on the rectus femoris (RF) muscle quality in children. We used EI (mean and bands) and texture as muscle quality estimates derived from B‐mode US. We hypothesised that RF muscle quality differs significantly between girls and boys. Additionally, we also hypothesised that there is a significant correlation between EI bands and texture. Forty‐four non‐active healthy children were recruited (n = 22 girls, 12.8 ± 1.5 years; and n = 22 boys, 13.5 ± 1.2 years). RF was assessed using EI mean, EI bands, and texture analysis (homogeneity and correlation) using the Gray‐Level Co‐Occurrence Matrix. The results revealed significant (p < 0.05) sex differences in RF EI bands and texture. Boys displayed higher values in the 0–50 EI band and had more homogeneous muscle texture than girls. Conversely, girls displayed greater values in the 51–100 EI band and had less homogenous texture compared to boys (p < 0.05). A positive correlation was observed between the 0–50 EI band and muscle homogeneity. However, the 51–100 EI band correlated negatively with homogeneity (p < 0.05), particularly for girls. In conclusion, our study revealed sex‐specific differences in mean EI, EI bands, and texture of the RF muscle in children. The variations in the correlations between the first and second EI bands and texture reveal different levels of homogeneity in each band. This indicates that distinct muscle tissue constituents, such as intramuscular fat and/or connective tissue, may be reflected in EI bands. Overall, the methods used in this study may be useful for examining muscle quality in healthy children and those with medical conditions.
Observations on the reproductive morphology of the female short‐beaked echidna, Tachyglossus aculeatus
Authors: Fenelon Jane C. , Ferrier Stephanie B. , Johnston Stephen D. , Renfree Marilyn B. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAlthough monotremes diverged from the therian mammal lineage approximately 187 million years ago, they retain various plesiomorphic and/or reptilian‐like anatomical and physiological characteristics. This study examined the morphology of juvenile and adult female reproductive tracts across various stages of the presumptive oestrous cycle, collected opportunistically from cadaver specimens submitted to wildlife hospitals during the breeding season. In adult females, ovaries had a convoluted cortex with follicles protruding from the ovarian surface. While protruding antral follicles were absent from the ovaries of juvenile echidnas, histological analysis identified early developing primordial and primary follicles embedded into the ovarian cortex. The infundibulum epithelial cells of the oviducts were secretory during the follicular phase but not at other stages, the ampulla region was secretory at all stages and is likely responsible for the mucoid layer deposited around the zona pellucida, and the isthmus region of the oviduct appeared to be responsible for initial deposition of the shell coat, as in marsupials. Female echidnas have two separate uteri, which never merge and enter separately into the urogenital sinus (UGS). This study confirmed that both uteri are functional and increase in glandular activity during the luteal phase. In the juvenile uteri, the endometrium was immature with minimal, small uterine glands. A muscular cervical region at the caudal extremity of each uterus, just before the cranial region of the UGS was defined by the absence of glandular tissue in all female echidnas, including the juveniles. There was no evidence of a definitive vaginal region. A clitoris was also detected that possessed a less developed but similar structural (homologous) anatomy to the male penis; urethral ducts while present did not appear to be patent.
Occurrence of Phytopythium helicoides Causing Root and Crown Rot of Blueberry in Mexico
Authors: Nuñez‐García Perla R. , Vieira Willie A. S. , Cruz‐Lachica Isabel , García‐Estrada Raymundo S. , Marquez‐Zequera Isidro , Márquez‐Licona Guillermo , Tovar‐Pedraza Juan M. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTIn August 2023, severe symptoms of crown and root rot were detected on blueberry plants in two commercial fields located in Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico. Colonies with oomycete morphology were obtained and two isolates were purified. The causal agent was identified as Phytopythium helicoides by a combination of morphological studies, pathogenicity tests, and phylogenetic analysis including data from internal transcribed spacer and large subunit sequences. This is the first report of P. helicoides causing crown and root rot of blueberry worldwide.
Two for One: Tuberculid and Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis in an Adolescent
Authors: Bui Jordan K. , Baker Mairead , Habeshian Kaiane 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTA 13‐year‐old girl with fevers, abdominal pain, and vomiting for 4 days presented with a full body pruritic rash that began in the axilla and spread rapidly to the rest of the body. She was recently diagnosed with tuberculosis and had been on rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide and ethambutol (RIPE) therapy for 1 month to treat this infection, raising concern for a severe drug reaction. On exam, there were pink to hemorrhagic crusted papules diffusely on the body; two skin biopsies from the right ankle and right arm showed leukocytoclastic vasculitis and tuberculid pathologies, respectively. Tuberculids are a cutaneous form of tuberculosis that represent a hypersensitivity reaction to Mycobacterium tuberculosis or its antigens. These rashes can mimic other common diseases, and this case highlights the importance of obtaining histopathology early in the disease course for accurate and prompt diagnosis.