bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short‐term effects of arthrotomy with and without infrapatellar fat pad resection on the normal canine stifle
Authors: Fujita Yukihiro , Nakajo Tetsuya , Muto Makoto 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the short‐term effects of infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) resection in normal dogs.Study designExperimental in vivo study.AnimalsFive normal adult female beagle dogs.MethodsThe IFP was resected via arthrotomy in the left stifle joint (experimental side) while the right stifle underwent arthrotomy alone (sham side). An orthopedic examination was performed every week for 4 weeks and synovial fluid was analyzed before and 4 weeks after the procedure. The ratio of the length of the patellar ligament to the patellar length (L:P) was calculated on a lateral radiograph of the stifle before, 2 and 4 weeks after the procedure. Patellar depth (PD) and the contact area (CA) between the femur and patella were calculated from computed tomographic images taken at 3 different stifle angles (extended, flexed, hyperflexed) before, immediately after, and 4 weeks following the procedure. The dogs were euthanatized 4 weeks after the procedure for macroscopic and microscopic evaluation of the patellofemoral joint.ResultsNo difference was found between treatment groups throughout the study. No evidence of postoperative osteoarthritis was detected in any of the dogs. Orthopedic examinations, radiographs, and synovial fluid analyses remained within normal limits. Most PD, but not CA measurements, increased with time in both joints and at all stifle angles.ConclusionsExcision of the IFP subsequent to medial arthrotomy did not result in any measurable changes in the canine patellofemoral joint when compared with medial arthrotomy alone after 4 weeks of follow‐up.
Carotid artery bursting pressure and seal time after multiple uses of a vessel sealing device
Authors: Blake Jocelin S. , Trumpatori Brian J. , Mathews Kyle G. , Griffith Emily H. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo determine any loss of function of a single‐use bipolar vessel sealing device after repeated sterilization and use on canine carotid arteries.Study designEx vivo; randomized block design (dog).Sample populationCarotid artery segments (n = 90) from 15 canine cadavers.MethodsSix 10‐mm LigaSure Atlas 20 cm devices (Covidien Inc, Minneapolis, Minnesota) were used to seal canine carotid artery segments in one cadaver, then resterilized using ethylene oxide and reused in a second cadaver, and so on, for a total of 15 uses/15 cadavers per LigaSure. Sealing times and bursting pressures of each carotid artery segment after each use were recorded. Charring and sticking at each seal location was qualitatively assessed.ResultsMean (SD) sealing time for all segments was 5.3 (1.4) seconds, ranging from 2.7 to 9.5 seconds. There was no significant change in sealing time for successive uses (P = .117). The mean (SD) bursting pressure for all segments was 1041.3 (316.7) mm Hg, ranging from 355 to 1555 mm Hg. There was no change in bursting pressure across uses (P = .57). Moderate sticking and charring occurred at each time point but was not subjectively different throughout the study.ConclusionThe LigaSure Atlas vessel sealing device can be used and resterilized with ethylene oxide up to 15 times with no change in sealing time or bursting pressure of the seal.
General features of inhibition in the inner retina
Authors: Franke Katrin , Baden Tom 
Published: March 2017

AbstractVisual processing starts in the retina. Within only two synaptic layers, a large number of parallel information channels emerge, each encoding a highly processed feature like edges or the direction of motion. Much of this functional diversity arises in the inner plexiform layer, where inhibitory amacrine cells modulate the excitatory signal of bipolar and ganglion cells. Studies investigating individual amacrine cell circuits like the starburst or A17 circuit have demonstrated that single types can possess specific morphological and functional adaptations to convey a particular function in one or a small number of inner retinal circuits. However, the interconnected and often stereotypical network formed by different types of amacrine cells across the inner plexiform layer prompts that they should be also involved in more general computations. In line with this notion, different recent studies systematically analysing inner retinal signalling at a population level provide evidence that general functions of the ensemble of amacrine cells across types are critical for establishing universal principles of retinal computation like parallel processing or motion anticipation. Combining recent advances in the development of indicators for imaging inhibition with large‐scale morphological and genetic classifications will help to further our understanding of how single amacrine cell circuits act together to help decompose the visual scene into parallel information channels. In this review, we aim to summarise the current state‐of‐the‐art in our understanding of how general features of amacrine cell inhibition lead to general features of computation.
image
Neuromuscular Fatigue After Repeated Jumping With Concomitant Electrical Stimulation
Authors: Neyroud Daria , Samararatne Jimmy , Kayser Bengt , Place Nicolas 
Published: March 2017

Purpose: To evaluate the etiology and extent of neuromuscular fatigue induced by 50 squat jumps performed with and without neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) of the knee extensors. Methods: Nine healthy, recreationally active men (24 ± 2 y) took part in 2 experiments. These consisted of 50 squat jumps performed with stimulation (NMES) or without (CON). Maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) force, maximal voluntary activation level (VAL), and forces evoked by single and double (10 and 100 Hz) stimulations were recorded before and after the 50 jumps. NMES was delivered at the maximal tolerated intensity. Results: Despite average jump height being ∼16% lower in the NMES than in the CON session, a reduction over time in jump height was only found in the NMES condition (−6%). After the 50 jumps, MVC force was reduced to a greater extent in NMES than in CON (−25% ± 11% vs −11% ± 12%). Similarly, forces evoked by single stimulations, as well as by 10-Hz and 100-Hz paired stimulations, were reduced to a greater extent in NMES (−33% ± 12%, −42% ± 15%, and −25% ± 13%) than in CON (−21% ± 6%, −30% ± 9%, and −14% ± 11%). VAL was not significantly altered by either condition. Conclusion: Performing repeated squat jumps with concomitant NMES induced a greater fatigue than squat jumps performed alone and might potentially represent a stronger training stimulus.
Effects of Bout Duration on Players’ Internal and External Loads During Small-Sided Games in Young Soccer Players
Authors: Köklü Yusuf , Alemdaroğlu Utku , Cihan Hamit , Wong Del P. 
Published: March 2017

Purpose: To investigate the effects of different bout durations on internal and external loads of young soccer players during different small-sided games (SSGs). Methods: Fifteen young male soccer players (average age 17 ± 1 y) participated in 2 vs 2, 3 vs 3, and 4 vs 4 SSGs. All games lasted 12 min playing time in total, but each SSG format further consisted of 4 bout durations: continuous (CON: 1 bout × 12 min) or interval with short (SBD: 6 bouts  × 2 min), medium (MBD: 3 bouts × 4 min), or long (LBD: 2 bouts × 6 min) bout durations. During the SSGs, heart-rate (HR) responses and distance covered in different speed zones (walking and low-intensity, moderate-intensity, and high-intensity running) were measured. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and blood lactate (La−) were determined at the end of each SSG. Results: The SBD format elicited significantly lower %HRmax responses compared to LBD and CON in all formats (P < .05). The SBD format also showed significantly shorter distances covered in walking and greater distances covered in moderate-intensity running, as well as significantly greater total distance covered compared to LBD and CON in all formats (P < .05). In addition, LBD produced significantly lower La− and RPE responses than SBD and CON in all formats (P < .05). Conclusions: These results suggest that coaches and sport scientists who want to achieve higher internal loads could use SBD and CON timing protocols, while those who want to achieve higher external loads might prefer to use SBD and MBD when planning all SSG formats.
Draft Genome Sequence of Tannerella forsythia Clinical Isolate 9610
Authors: Hanson-Drury Sesha , To Thao T. , Liu Quanhui , Vo Anh T. , Kim Michelle , Watling Michael , Bumgarner Roger S. , McLean Jeffrey S. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

We present here the draft genome sequence of
Tannerella forsythia
9610, a clinical isolate obtained from a periodontitis patient. The genome is composed of 79 scaffolds with 82 contigs, for a length of 3,201,941 bp and a G+C of 47.3%.
Draft Genome Sequence of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis Strain PA07 Biovar
ovis
, Isolated from a Sheep Udder in Amazonia
Authors: Araújo Fabrício Almeida , Marques Joana Montezano , de Moura Vitória Almeida Gonçalves , Schneider Maria Paula Cruz , Andrade Soraya Silva , Lima Alyne Cristina Sodré , Guimarães Luis Carlos , Folador Adriana Ribeiro Carneiro , Silva Artur , Ramos Rommel T. J. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

In this work, we present the draft genome sequence of
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
strain PA07 biovar
ovis
, isolated from a caseous secretion from a sheep udder in Pará, Brazil. The genome contains 2,320,235 bp, 52.2% G+C content, 2,191 coding sequences (CDSs), five pseudogenes, 48 tRNAs, and three rRNAs.
Complete Coding Sequence of Usutu Virus Strain Gracula religiosa/U1609393/Belgium/2016 Obtained from the Brain Tissue of an Infected Captive Common Hill Myna (
Gracula religiosa
)
Authors: Van Borm Steven , Lambrecht Bénédicte , Vandenbussche Frank , Steensels Mieke 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

The complete and annotated coding sequence and partial noncoding sequence of an Usutu virus genome were sequenced from RNA extracted from a clinical brain tissue sample obtained from a common hill myna (
Gracula religiosa
), demonstrating close homology with Usutu viruses circulating in Europe.
Draft Genome Sequence of Chromobacterium aquaticum CC-SEYA-1, a Nonpigmented Member of the Genus
Chromobacterium
Authors: Soby Scott D. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

Chromobacterium aquaticum
CC-SEYA-1
T
, isolated from a spring in Taiwan, shares many characteristics with other members of the genus but also contains auxin biosynthesis genes and does not produce the pigment violacein.
Chromobacterium
sp. 49, isolated from Brazil, is identified here as
C. aquaticum
, indicating that this is a cosmopolitan species.
Draft Genome Sequence of Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp.
pneumoniae
ATCC 9621
Authors: Poehlein Anja , Najdenski Hristo , Simeonova Diliana D. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

We present here the 5.561-Mbp assembled draft genome sequence of
Klebsiella pneumoniae
subsp.
pneumoniae
ATCC 9621, a phosphite- and organophosphonate-assimilating Gammaproteobacterium. The genome harbors 5,179 predicted protein-coding genes.
Risk of tuberculosis in patients treated with TNF-α antagonists: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Fan Wei , Yang Gui , Xu Zhigao , Wang June , Cheng Qingyuan , Yu Mingxia 
Published: March 2017

ObjectivesAn increased risk of tuberculosis (TB) has been reported in patients treated with TNF-α antagonists, an issue that has been highlighted in a WHO black box warning. This review aimed to assess the risk of TB in patients undergoing TNF-α antagonists treatment.MethodsA systematic literature search for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) was performed in MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane library and studies selected for inclusion according to predefined criteria. ORs with 95% CIs were calculated using the random-effect model. Subgroup analyses considered the effects of drug type, disease and TB endemicity. The quality of evidence was assessed using the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.Results29 RCTs involving 11 879 patients were included (14 for infliximab, 9 for adalimumab, 2 for golimumab, 1 for etanercept and 3 for certolizumab pegol). Of 7912 patients allocated to TNF-α antagonists, 45 (0.57%) developed TB, while only 3 cases occurred in 3967 patients allocated to control groups, resulting in an OR of 1.94 (95% CI 1.10 to 3.44, p=0.02). Subgroup analyses indicated that patients of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) had a higher increased risk of TB when treated with TNF-α antagonists (OR 2.29 (1.09 to 4.78), p=0.03). The level of the evidence was recommended as ‘low’ by the GRADE system.ConclusionsFindings from our meta-analysis indicate that the risk of TB may be significantly increased in patients treated with TNF-α antagonists. However, further studies are needed to reveal the biological mechanism of the increased TB risk caused by TNF-α antagonists treatment.
High energy physics, past, present and future
Authors: Sugawara Hirotaka 
Published: March 2017

At the beginning of last century we witnessed the emergence of new physics, quantum theory and gravitational theory, which gave us correct understanding of the world of atoms and deep insight into the structure of universe we live in. Towards the end of the century, string theory emerged as the most promising candidate to unify these two theories. In this talk, I would like to assert that the understanding of the origin of physical constants, [Formula: see text] (Planck constant) for quantum theory, and G (Newton’s gravitational constant) for gravitational theory within the framework of string theory is the key to understanding string theory. Then, I will shift to experimental high energy physics and discuss the necessity of world-wide collaboration in the area of superconducting technology which is essential in constructing the 100 TeV hadron collider.
The world of long-range interactions: A bird’s eye view
Authors: Gupta Shamik , Ruffo Stefano 
Published: March 2017

In recent years, studies of long-range interacting (LRI) systems have taken center stage in the arena of statistical mechanics and dynamical system studies, due to new theoretical developments involving tools from as diverse a field as kinetic theory, non-equilibrium statistical mechanics, and large deviation theory, but also due to new and exciting experimental realizations of LRI systems. In the first, introductory, Section 1, we discuss the general features of long-range interactions, emphasizing in particular the main physical phenomenon of non-additivity, which leads to a plethora of distinct effects, both thermodynamic and dynamic, that are not observed with short-range interactions: Ensemble inequivalence, slow relaxation, broken ergodicity. In Section 2, we discuss several physical systems with long-range interactions: mean-field spin systems, self-gravitating systems, Euler equations in two dimensions, Coulomb systems, one-component electron plasma, dipolar systems, free-electron lasers. In Section 3, we discuss the general scenario of dynamical evolution of generic LRI systems. In Section 4, we discuss an illustrative example of LRI systems, the Kardar–Nagel spin system, which involves discrete degrees of freedom, while in Section 5, we discuss a paradigmatic example involving continuous degrees of freedom, the so-called Hamiltonian mean-field (HMF) model. For the former, we demonstrate the effects of ensemble inequivalence and slow relaxation, while for the HMF model, we emphasize in particular the occurrence of the so-called quasistationary states (QSSs) during relaxation towards the Boltzmann–Gibbs equilibrium state. The QSSs are non-equilibrium states with lifetimes that diverge with the system size, so that in the thermodynamic limit, the systems remain trapped in the QSSs, thereby making the latter the effective stationary states. In Section 5, we also discuss an experimental system involving atoms trapped in optical cavities, which may be modelled by the HMF system. In Section 6, we address the issue of ubiquity of the quasistationary behavior by considering a variety of models and dynamics, discussing in each case the conditions to observe QSSs. In Section 7, we investigate the issue of what happens when a long-range system is driven out of thermal equilibrium. Conclusions are drawn in Section 8.
Effects of Ga content on the stability of Fe-X (X = 6.25, 12.5, 18.75, 25 at.% Ga) alloys from first-principles calculations
Authors: Yan Xiang-Hong , Lin Ya-Ning 
Published: March 2017

First-principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) were employed to investigate the influence of Ga concentration on the stability of binary Fe–Ga alloy. The contents of Ga element are 6.25, 12.5, 18.75 and 25 at.% for Fe[Formula: see text]Ga, Fe[Formula: see text]Ga, Fe[Formula: see text]Ga[Formula: see text] and Fe[Formula: see text]Ga alloys, respectively. Cohesive energy, elastic properties, electronic structures and phonon properties of optimized Fe–Ga models were calculated. Our results of calculated elastic constants and elastic moduli are in good accordance with the determined available literature. Our study shows that with increasing Ga content, the absolute value of cohesive energy of Fe–Ga alloy is decreasing. From the calculations of elastic constants, we found that the value of [Formula: see text] decreases with the increasing Ga content, which indicates that the stability of Fe–Ga along the [001] direction is decreasing with the increasing Ga content. The calculated bulk moduli of Fe–Ga alloys increase with increasing Ga content because of the increase of the average bonding number evaluated by our calculations of densities of states. Conversely, the shear moduli decrease with increasing Ga content, which indicates that the stability of Fe–Ga is decreasing with the increasing Ga content. Tetragonal shear elastic constant [Formula: see text] almost decreases linearly with increasing Ga content, which follows the same decreasing trend as the cohesive energy and the shear modulus. It is worth noting that with the increasing Ga content, the pseudogap between two major peaks in the minority-spin state became softer. The softness brings the Fermi level into a high state, which lowers the stability of the Fe–Ga alloy. According to the phonon calculations, the acoustic mode of Fe-25 at.% Ga appeared to be softening along the [001] direction, which is in good accordance with the direction predicted by the calculations of elastic constant. But this softening trend cannot be observed in the phonon dispersion spectrum of Fe-6.25 at.% Ga, which proved that Fe-6.25 at.% Ga is more stable than the Fe-25 at.% Ga alloy.
Upward Max-Min Fairness
Authors: Danna Emilie , Hassidim Avinatan , Kaplan Haim , Kumar Alok , Mansour Yishay , Raz Danny , Segalov Michal 
Published: March 2017

Often one would like to allocate shared resources in a fair way. A common and well-studied notion of fairness is
Max-Min Fairness
, where we first maximize the smallest allocation, and subject to that the second smallest, and so on. We consider a networking application where multiple commodities compete over the capacity of a network. In our setting, each commodity has multiple possible paths to route its demand (for example, a network using Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) tunneling). In this setting, the only known way of finding a max-min fair allocation requires an iterative solution of multiple linear programs. Such an approach, although polynomial time, scales badly with the size of the network, the number of demands, and the number of paths, and is hard to implement in a distributed environment. More importantly, a network operator has limited control and understanding of the inner working of the algorithm.

In this article we introduce Upward Max-Min Fairness, a novel relaxation of Max-Min Fairness, and present a family of simple dynamics that converge to it. These dynamics can be implemented in a distributed manner. Moreover, we present an efficient combinatorial algorithm for finding an upward max-min fair allocation. This algorithm is a natural extension of the well-known Water Filling Algorithm for a multiple path setting.
We test the expected behavior of this new algorithm and show that on realistic networks upward max-min fair allocations are comparable to the max-min fair allocations both in fairness and in network utilization.
Guilt-free data reuse
Authors: Dwork Cynthia , Feldman Vitaly , Hardt Moritz , Pitassi Toniann , Reingold Omer , Roth Aaron 
Published: March 2017

Existing approaches to ensuring the validity of inferences drawn from data assume a fixed procedure to be performed, selected before the data are examined. Yet the practice of data analysis is an intrinsically interactive and adaptive process: new analyses and hypotheses are proposed after seeing the results of previous ones, parameters are tuned on the basis of obtained results, and datasets are shared and reused.In this work, we initiate a principled study of how to guarantee the validity of statistical inference in adaptive data analysis. We demonstrate new approaches for addressing the challenges of adaptivity that are based on techniques developed in privacy-preserving data analysis.<!-- END_PAGE_1 -->As an application of our techniques we give a simple and practical method for reusing a holdout (or testing) set to validate the accuracy of hypotheses produced adaptively by a learning algorithm operating on a training set.
Barrett’s metaplasia develops from cellular reprograming of esophageal squamous epithelium due to gastroesophageal reflux
Authors: Minacapelli Carlos D. , Bajpai Manisha , Geng Xin , Cheng Christina L. , Chouthai Abhishek A. , Souza Rhonda , Spechler Stuart J. , Das Kiron M. 
Published: March 2017

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) clinically predisposes to columnar Barrett’s metaplasia (BM) in the distal esophagus. We demonstrate evidence supporting the cellular origin of BM from reprograming or transcommitment of resident normal esophageal squamous (NES) epithelial cells in response to acid and bile (A + B) exposure using an in vitro cell culture model. The hTERT-immortalized NES cell line NES-B10T was exposed 5 min/day to an A + B mixture for 30 wk. Morphological changes, mRNA, and protein expression levels for the inflammatory marker cyclooxygenase-2; the lineage-determining transcription factors TAp63 (squamous), CDX2, and SOX9 (both columnar); and the columnar lineage markers Villin, Muc-2, CK8, and mAb Das-1 (incomplete phenotype of intestinal metaplasia) were assessed every 10 wk. Markers of columnar lineage and inflammation increased progressively, while squamous lineage-determining transcriptional factors were significantly decreased both at the mRNA and/or protein level in the NES-B10T cells at/after A + B treatment for 30 wk. Distinct modifications in morphological features were only observed at/after 30 wk of A + B exposure. These changes acquired by the NES-B10T 30-wk cells were retained even after cessation of A + B exposure for at least 3 wk. This study provides evidence that chronic exposure to the physiological components of gastric refluxate leads to repression of the discernable squamous transcriptional factors and activation of latent columnar transcriptional factors. This reflects the alteration in lineage commitment of the precursor-like biphenotypic, NES-B10T cells in response to A + B exposure as the possible origin of BM from the resident NES cells.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study provides evidence of the origins of Barrett’s metaplasia from lineage transcommitment of resident esophageal cells after chronic exposure to gastroesophageal refluxate. The preterminal progenitor-like squamous cells alter their differentiation and develop biphenotypic characteristics, expressing markers of incomplete-type columnar metaplasia. Development of these biphenotypic precursors in vitro is a unique model to study pathogenesis of Barrett’s metaplasia and esophageal adenocarcinoma.