bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distributional effects of non-farm incomes in a Malaysian rice bowl
Authors: Saiful Nathan Siti Badariah , Mohd Rosli M. 
Published: January 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to identify the structure of household income and examine the effects of non-farm incomes on the income distribution of farm households in a relatively developed rural area of the Malaysian rice bowl.

Design/methodology/approach
– The non-farm incomes were disaggregated into different components to determine the contribution of each income source to total household income and overall inequality. The income distribution and decomposition was examined using the Gini decomposition method.

Findings
– It was found that almost 71 percent of the households in the sample had at least one source of non-farm income. On average, non-farm incomes contributed about 33 percent to total household income. Non-farm wage employment was the dominant source of non-farm income, accounting for almost 26 percent of overall household income. The farm incomes, especially the paddy incomes were found to be the inequality-decreasing income source. The study also confirmed the proposition that the non-farm incomes were the inequality-increasing income source as they contributed up to 35 percent of the overall income inequality.

Originality/value
– Previous studies have found that non-farm incomes have different effects on income inequality of rural communities, especially those in the rice granary areas situated in less developed states of Malaysia, where poverty is still a problem. This study is significant because it identifies the effect of certain incomes on the overall income inequality among farm households in the granary areas located in a relatively developed rural area. The studied areas are characterized by an intensive paddy production and a rapid development in business and industrial activities, and hence, providing non-farm employment opportunities to the rural farmers. Therefore, this study shows the income structure and how farm and non-farm incomes affect the overall income distribution of the paddy farmers.
Consumer reactions to corporate social responsibility brands: the role of face concern
Authors: Wan Lisa C. , Poon Patrick S. , Yu Chunling 
Published: January 2016

Purpose– Face concern is a personal value that refers to the extent an individual shows regard for or interest in the protection and enhancement of face. This study aims to examine the moderating influence of face concern on consumer responses to brands associated with corporate social responsibility (CSR).Design/methodology/approach– An experimental study was conducted to test the proposed conceptual model in consumer reactions to CSR brands.Findings– The results show that consumers with a high face concern (vs low face concern) have a better quality perception toward CSR brands than non-CSR brands. In addition, they also have a higher purchase intention and propensity to recommend the CSR brands than those with a low face concern. However, this interaction effect between face concern and brand type (CSR brand vs non-CSR brand) is mediated by consumers’ perceived quality of the brand.Practical implications– This study provides critical implications for the formulation of brand management strategies, particularly for international firms entering an Asian country like China where people generally have a high degree of face concern.Originality/value– This study highlights the moderating role of face concern in the relationship between consumer responses and brands associated with CSR. It also suggests the mediating role of consumers’ perceived brand quality in the relationship between brand types (CSR brands vs non-CSR brands) and consumer responses.
Separate but together: Mediterranean identity in three countries
Authors: Petruzzellis Luca , Craig C. Samuel 
Published: January 2016

Purpose– The present study aims to understand how a culture associated with proximity to the Mediterranean Sea transcends political boundaries fostering common values and beliefs across three countries.Design/methodology/approach– Semi-structured interviews were conducted in Italy, Spain and France to assess similarities and differences between respondents. The qualitative data were augmented with the literature pertaining to Mediterranean identity, culture and the influence of contextual factors on its development.Findings– The three geographically proximate countries all border on the Mediterranean Sea. The interviews revealed common cultural elements that transcend political boundaries suggesting that the common context fosters similar cultural elements. At the same time, there are important cultural elements that are uniquely associated with each country.Research limitations/implications– The geographic composition of the sample limits the generality of the results. By design, it focuses on three countries to limit other sources of variation such as affluence and religion. A sample across additional countries would have provided greater confidence in the results, although the selected countries are representative of a large portion of the Mediterranean area, especially in terms of values. Inclusion of respondents from countries with different levels of wealth, religious and political ideologies would likely uncover additional facets of Mediterranean identity.Practical implications– A key implication relates to the extent that similar values and beliefs appear to cut across political boundaries suggesting the existence of transnational segments. It also suggests the importance of considering contextual factors when developing an understanding of consumer behavior.Originality/value– The paper provides insights into the concept of Mediterranean identity, through an examination of the literature and respondents’ perceptions and attitudes about the sense of belonging and attachment to Europe, their country of birth and about being Mediterranean. The notion of a Mediterranean culture has been examined conceptually, but not empirically. This study begins the process of establishing the degree to which Mediterranean identity and the extent to which it exists across multiple countries.
How guilt affects consumption intention: the role of rumination, emotional support and shame
Authors: Saintives Camille , Lunardo Renaud 
Published: January 2016

Purpose– This paper aims to determine how consumers may regulate their guilt through rumination and emotional support and how such regulation affects their consumption. Compelling research indicates that consumption may sometimes induce guilt. Social–psychological literature suggests that a potential way for consumers to regulate their consumption-related guilt is to seek emotional support.Design/methodology/approach– Two studies, which measure (Study 1) and manipulate (Study 2) guilt, investigate how guilt and rumination affect emotional support and subsequent consumption.Findings– The results show that guilt and rumination interact and prompt individuals to seek emotional support. The valence (positive or negative) of feedback they receive affects and interacts with their guilt to affect their intention to consume the guilt-inducing product again. Shame is shown to mediate the effect of post-feedback guilt on consumption intentions.Research limitations/implications– The results extend previous research on guilt by emphasizing emotional support seeking as a specific way of coping in response to guilt feelings and shame as an outcome of guilt. Moreover, the present research shows that guilt can affect behavioural intentions, an effect that surprisingly has not been previously identified in literature.Practical implications– For brands and retailers providing guilt-inducing products, the results suggest that providing emotional support – for instance through reinsurance messages – may have positive effects on consumer emotions and intentions.Originality/value– Using two different methods, the research findings offer deeper understanding of how guilt is related to cognitions such as rumination, to emotions such as shame and to behavioural intentions.
Impact of Asia–Pacific guidelines on gastric cancer and Helicobacter pylori infection on prevailing clinical practices
Authors: Ang Tiing Leong , Fock Kwong Ming , Tan Malcolm Teck Kiang , Assam Pryseley Nkouibert , Chan Edwin Shih‐Yen 
Published: January 2016

ObjectiveTo determine the impact of the Asia–Pacific guidelines on gastric cancer prevention and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection on clinical practice.MethodsAn electronic survey was carried out among Asian Pacific Digestive Week (APDW) medical delegates in 2012. The survey questionnaire captured details such as participants’ characteristics, their awareness of the guidelines and knowledge of the key guideline recommendations, the impact of the guidelines on individual practice and on national policies and the sources of medical information that the individual used to make clinical decisions. A total of 1372 APDW medical delegates were invited via email to participate in the electronic survey and 432 (31.5%) responded.ResultsAmong the respondents, 57.6% were familiar with at least one of the guidelines. Among those familiar with the guidelines, 85.9% believed that they influenced their clinical practice. More than half (64.9%) reported that the guidelines clarified treatment indications for them. In terms of knowledge content, 85.0% of the participants provided correct responses to at least four of the six questions on understanding. More than half (52.7%) of the participants felt that the guidelines had made an impact on national policies.ConclusionThe Asia–Pacific guidelines on gastric cancer and H. pylori had a positive impact on individual clinical practice and national policies.
Clinical characteristics of Chinese patients with duration of type 2 diabetes >40 years
Authors: Song Tingting , Luo Yingying , Wang Xuhui , Li Jing , Han Qian , Zhu Hong , Zhao Wei , Li Weidong , Sun Zhong , Yang Xilin 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundAlthough type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) shortens life expectancy by 10–12 years, some patients survive extremely long durations of diabetes. The clinical characteristics of Chinese patients with >40 years T2DM remain unknown. Thus, the aim of the present study was to document the clinical profile of patients with T2DM for ≥40 years.MethodsThe present study evaluated 157 survivors with >40 years T2DM from a total of 582 773 patients with T2DM enrolled in a Chinese national survey of HbA1c. Two matched case‐control studies were performed on long T2DM survivors (cases) separately matched according to: (1) survey day, sex, and survey hospital; and (2) age, sex, and survey hospital. Conditional logistic regression analysis was performed to obtain odds ratios (ORs) for long survival.ResultsPatients with a long duration of T2DM had a mean (± SD) age of 75 ± 10 years. Their T2DM had been diagnosed at a mean age of 32 years and the median duration of diabetes was 41 years. In both case‐control studies, long‐duration T2DM was associated with an increased risk of hyperglycemia (OR 6.31; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.89–21.09) and coronary heart disease (CHD; OR 2.18 95% CI 1.01–4.70). However, long‐duration T2DM was not associated with a higher likelihood of abnormal lipids, diabetic nephropathy (DN), or stroke compared with patients with a shorter duration of T2DM.ConclusionsThe present study suggests that Chinese patients with long‐term T2DM also had increased risks of hyperglycemia and non‐fatal CHD. Further studies are needed to investigate whether survival of these patients was associated with non‐increased risk of DN.
Revisiting multiple models of progression of β‐cell loss of function in type 1 diabetes: Significance for prevention and cure
Authors: Li Xia , Cheng Jin , Zhou Zhiguang 
Published: January 2016

AbstractType 1 diabetes (T1D) results from a chronic autoimmune process that leads to β‐cell destruction and exogenous insulin dependence. The natural history of T1D proposed by Eisenbarth suggested six relatively independent stages over the course of the entire disease process, which was considered to be linear and chronic. Based on this classical theory, immunotherapies aim to prevent or reverse all these periods of β‐cell loss. Over the past 30 years, much novel information about the pathogenesis of T1D proved that there are complex metabolic changes occurring throughout the entire disease process. Therefore, new possible models for the natural history of the disease have been proposed; these models, in turn, may help facilitate fresh avenues for the prevention and cure of T1D. Herein, we briefly review recent findings in this field of research, with the aim of providing a better theoretical basis for clinical practice.
Accounting for tree spatial distribution in a comparison of plot sizes and shapes in dense forest and woodland in Benin (West Africa)
Authors: Mensah Sylvanus , Assogbadjo Achille Ephrem , Salako Valère Kolawole , Ago Expédit Evariste , Glèlè Kakaï Romain 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe study examined simultaneously, the effect of tree spatial distribution, inventory plot size and shape on the estimation error of basal area in two contrasting environments. Twenty and fifteen square plots of 1 ha each (divided into 100 quadrats of 0.01 ha) were randomly set in dense forest and woodland, respectively. Thirteen subplots of various shapes and sizes were obtained from the association of adjacent quadrats. Estimation error was calculated using residual mean square of one‐way ANOVA, based on replications of subplot within 1 ha plots. Tree spatial distribution was measured using Green index. Weighted linear regression and mixed effect models were applied to Box & Cox transformed data. In general, the estimation error of basal area decreased with increase in subplot size. However, the effects of tree spatial distribution and plot shape varied with the vegetation type. Where trees tended to be aggregated, estimation error increased with degree of aggregation, and rectangular plots of 0.24 ha produced an acceptable precision. It was concluded that 0.24 ha rectangular plots can be used in tropical environments where the target parameters vary constantly according to one direction, while square plots of the same size are optimal for reliable analysis in case of randomness.
An open‐label, phase 2, single centre, randomized, crossover design bioequivalence study of AndroForte 5 testosterone cream and Testogel 1% testosterone gel in hypogonadal men: study LP101
Authors: Wittert G. A. , Harrison R. W. , Buckley M. J. , Wlodarczyk J. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryWe compared a novel 5% testosterone (T) cream (AndroForte 5, Lawley Pharmaceuticals, Australia) with a 1% T gel (Testogel, Besins Healthcare, Australia). Using an open‐label crossover design, subjects were randomized to one of two treatment sequences using either the T gel or T cream first in a 1 : 1 ratio. Each treatment period was 30 days with a 7–14 days washout period between them. On Days 1 and 30 of each treatment period blood was sampled at −15, −5 min, 0, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12 and 16 h post study drug administration. Sixteen men with established androgen deficiency aged between 29 and 73 years, who had undertaken a washout from prior testosterone therapy participated in the study. One subject failed to complete both arms and another was excluded post‐completion because of a major protocol violation. Bioequivalence was established based on key pharmacokinetic (PK) variables: AUC, Cavg, Cmax, Tmax, % fluctuation (with and without baseline correction) for the two formulations of testosterone on Day 1 and Day 30. The ratio and 90% CI of AUC 0.99 (0.86–1.14), Cmax 1.02 (0.84–1.24) and Cavg 0.99 (0.86–1.14) for T cream/T gel were within the predetermined bio‐equivalence criteria of 80% to 125% at Day 30. There were no statistically significant differences between secondary biochemical markers: serum dihydrotestosterone (DHT), oestradiol (E2), sex hormone‐binding globulin (SHBG), luteinizing hormone (LH) and (FSH). The two testosterone formulations were shown to be bioequivalent.
A Class of Joint Models for Multivariate Longitudinal Measurements and a Binary Event
Authors: Kim Sungduk , Albert Paul S. 
Published: January 2016

Summary
Predicting binary events such as newborns with large birthweight is important for obstetricians in their attempt to reduce both maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Such predictions have been a challenge in obstetric practice, where longitudinal ultrasound measurements taken at multiple gestational times during pregnancy may be useful for predicting various poor pregnancy outcomes. The focus of this article is on developing a flexible class of joint models for the multivariate longitudinal ultrasound measurements that can be used for predicting a binary event at birth. A skewed multivariate random effects model is proposed for the ultrasound measurements, and the skewed generalized t-link is assumed for the link function relating the binary event and the underlying longitudinal processes. We consider a shared random effect to link the two processes together. Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling is used to carry out Bayesian posterior computation. Several variations of the proposed model are considered and compared via the deviance information criterion, the logarithm of pseudomarginal likelihood, and with a training-test set prediction paradigm. The proposed methodology is illustrated with data from the NICHD Successive Small-for-Gestational-Age Births study, a large prospective fetal growth cohort conducted in Norway and Sweden.
Boomerang: A Method for Recursive Reclassification
Authors: Devlin Sean M. , Ostrovnaya Irina , Gönen Mithat 
Published: January 2016

Summary
While there are many validated prognostic classifiers used in practice, often their accuracy is modest and heterogeneity in clinical outcomes exists in one or more risk subgroups. Newly available markers, such as genomic mutations, may be used to improve the accuracy of an existing classifier by reclassifying patients from a heterogenous group into a higher or lower risk category. The statistical tools typically applied to develop the initial classifiers are not easily adapted toward this reclassification goal. In this article, we develop a new method designed to refine an existing prognostic classifier by incorporating new markers. The two-stage algorithm called Boomerang first searches for modifications of the existing classifier that increase the overall predictive accuracy and then merges to a prespecified number of risk groups. Resampling techniques are proposed to assess the improvement in predictive accuracy when an independent validation data set is not available. The performance of the algorithm is assessed under various simulation scenarios where the marker frequency, degree of censoring, and total sample size are varied. The results suggest that the method selects few false positive markers and is able to improve the predictive accuracy of the classifier in many settings. Lastly, the method is illustrated on an acute myeloid leukemia data set where a new refined classifier incorporates four new mutations into the existing three category classifier and is validated on an independent data set.
Reader Reaction: Instrumental Variable Additive Hazards Models with Exposure-Dependent Censoring
Authors: Chan Kwun Chuen Gary 
Published: January 2016

Summary
Li, Fine, and Brookhart (2015) presented an extension of the two-stage least squares (2SLS) method for additive hazards models which requires an assumption that the censoring distribution is unrelated to the endogenous exposure variable. We present another extension of 2SLS that can address this limitation.
What do people think about running barefoot/with minimalist footwear? A thematic analysis
Authors: Walton Peter D. , French David P. 
Published: January 2016

ObjectivesBarefoot running describes when individuals run without footwear. Minimalist running utilizes shoes aimed to mimic being barefoot. Although these forms of running have become increasingly popular, we still know little about how recreational runners perceive them.DesignIn‐depth interviews with eight recreational runners were used to gather information about their running experiences with a focus on barefoot and minimalist running.MethodsInterviews were analysed using a latent level thematic analysis to identify and interpret themes within the data.ResultsAlthough participants considered barefoot running to be ‘natural’, they also considered it to be extreme. Minimalist running did not produce such aversive reactions. ‘Support’ reassured against concerns and was seen as central in protecting vulnerable body parts and reducing impact forces, but lacked a common or clear definition. A preference for practical over academic knowledge was found. Anecdotal information was generally trusted, as were running stores with gait assessment, but not health professionals.ConclusionPeople often have inconsistent ideas about barefoot and minimalist running, which are often formed by potentially biased sources, which may lead people to make poor decisions about barefoot and minimalist running. It is important to provide high‐quality information to enable better decisions to be made about barefoot and minimalist running.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

There is no known work on the psychology behind barefoot and minimalist running. We believe our study is the first qualitative study to have investigated views of this increasingly popular form of running.

What does this study add?

The results suggest that although barefoot running is considered ‘natural’, it is also considered ‘extreme’. Minimalist running, however, did not receive such aversive reactions.

‘Support’ was a common concern among runners. Although ‘support’ reassured against concerns and was seen as central in protecting vulnerable body parts and reducing impact forces, it lacked a common or clear definition.

A preference for practical over academic knowledge was found. Anecdotal information was generally trusted, as were running stores with gait assessment, but not health professionals.