bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heat transfer analysis and resolution quantification of active dynamic thermography through human skin
Authors: Prindeze Nicholas J. , Mann Yvette V.L. , Feric Tony G. , Currie Timothy R. , Carney Bonnie C. , Moffatt Lauren T. , Loew Murray H. , Shupp Jeffrey W. 
Published: January 2018

ObjectivesActive dynamic thermography (ADT) is a non‐contact imaging technique that characterizes non‐homogeneities in thermal conductance through objects as a response to applied energy stimulus. The aim of this study was to (i) develop a heat transfer model to define the relationship between thermal stimulation and resolution and (ii) empirically quantify the resolution an ADT imaging system can detect through a range of depths of human skin.Materials and MethodsA heat transfer model was developed to describe a thermally non‐conductive object below a sheet of skin. The size and depth of the object were varied to simulate wound conditions, while the intensity and duration of thermal stimulation were varied to define stimulation parameters. The model was solved by numerical analysis. For ex vivo experimentation, freshly excised human pannus tissue was cut into sheets of thickness 2.54–6.35 × 10−4 m (0.010–0.025vinches) for a total of 48 grafts from 12 patients. Grafts were placed over a 3D printed resolution target with objects ranging from 0.445–0.125 LP/mm. Stimulation from a 300 W halogen lamp array was applied for 0.5–14 seconds for a total of 480 experiments.ResultsADT resolved a peak of 0.428 ± 0.025 LP/mm for 2.54 × 10−4 m (0.010 inches) skin thickness, 0.384 ± 0.030 LP/mm for 3.81 × 10−4 m (0.015 inches), 0.325 ± 0.042 LP/mm for 5.08 × 10−4 m (0.020 inches) and 0.249 ± 0.057 LP/mm for 6.35 × 10−4 m (0.025 inches) skin thickness. Additionally, it was determined that the ideal duration of stimulation energy with a 300 W stimulation system was 4 seconds for 2.54 × 10−4 m, 6 seconds for 3.81 × 10−4 m, 8 seconds for 5.08 × 10−4 m, and 14 seconds for 6.35 × 10−4 m skin thickness.ConclusionsThis study has characterized the correlation between thermal stimulus input and resolvable object size and depth for ADT. Through ex vivo experimentation it has also quantified the functional imaging depth to below the sub‐cutis, beyond that of conventional imaging techniques. Lasers Surg. Med. 50:680–688, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Experience with genomic sequencing in pediatric patients with congenital cardiac defects in a large community hospital
Authors: Hauser Natalie S. , Solomon Benjamin D. , Vilboux Thierry , Khromykh Alina , Baveja Rajiv , Bodian Dale L. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundCongenital cardiac defects, whether isolated or as part of a larger syndrome, are the most common type of human birth defect occurring on average in about 1% of live births depending on the malformation. As there is an expanding understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms by which a cardiac defect may occur, there is a need to assess the current rates of diagnosis of cardiac defects by molecular sequencing in a clinical setting.Methods and ResultsIn this report, we evaluated 34 neonatal and pediatric patients born with a cardiac defect and their parents using exomized preexisting whole genome sequencing (WGS) data to model clinically available exon‐based tests. Overall, we identified candidate variants in previously reported cardiac‐related genes in 35% (12/34) of the probands. These include clearly pathogenic variants in two of 34 patients (6%) and variants of uncertain significance in relevant genes in 10 patients (26%), of these latter 10, 2 segregated with clinically apparent findings in the family trios.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that with current knowledge of the proteins underlying CHD, genomic sequencing can identify the underlying genetic etiology in certain patients; however, this technology currently does not have a high enough yield to be of routine clinical use in the screening of pediatric congenital cardiac defects.
Robotic‐assisted deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flap abdominal harvest for breast reconstruction: A case report
Authors: Gundlapalli Vinay S. , Ogunleye Adeyemi A. , Scott Kiandra , Wenzinger Eric , Ulm Jason P. , Tavana Lance , Pullatt Rana C. , Delaney Kevin O. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTThe deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap is a mainstay of autologous breast reconstruction. The da Vinci robot has recently been adapted for an increasing number of reconstructive surgeries. The literature has yet to describe its use for the intra‐abdominal harvest of the deep inferior epigastric vessels (DIEV) during DIEP flap breast reconstruction. We show the use of the da Vinci robotic surgical system for the intra‐abdominal dissection of DIEV during delayed breast reconstruction with a DIEP flap in a 51‐year‐old female who had undergone a right modified radical mastectomy. After dissecting the flap from the anterior abdominal wall leaving only the targeted perforating vessels intact, a 1.5 cm fascial incision was made adjacent to the perforator and the vessels were dissected to below the level of the fascia. The intra‐abdominal robotic‐assisted dissection of the DIEV up to the perforator was then completed. The DIEV were divided at their origin using the robot and the flap removed from the abdomen for subsequent reconstruction. This technique enabled improved precision of flap harvest while also decreasing the donor‐site morbidity by minimizing the incision length of the anterior rectus sheath. The patient had an uneventful postoperative course and, at 9‐month follow‐up, exhibited no evidence of flap or donor‐site complications, specifically hernia or bulge. This novel approach for the harvest of a DIEP flap introduces an alternative technique to the conventional DIEP flap procedure in the appropriate patient population. Risks inherent to this technique as well as additional costs must be considered.
Explorative analysis of IPA‐SPECT data through statistical inference for an automated diagnosis of glioma tumor
Authors: Ubben Timm , Kluge Andreas , Abolmaali Nasreddin , Iannilli Emilia 
Published: January 2018

PurposeThe identification of a brain tumor imaged with PET or SPECT is usually performed with visual inspection of an expert medical clinician. However an automated diagnostic of such images hasn't been established or applied. In this study, we explored the possibility of establishing an automated statistical analysis for the diagnosis of glioma by means of IPA‐SPECT data.MethodsOn the basis of a dataset of 100 patients that have undergone MRI and IPA‐SPECT acquisition, in this work, we identify an automated workflow. Three different approaches were explored: I. statistical non‐parametric mapping analysis (SnPM), II. statistical non‐parametric analysis with an increased number of permutations due to sign‐flipping function (PALM) and III. statistical parametric analysis (SPM). The automated methods were compared with the visual inspection.ResultsThe study proved PALM and SPM approaches to have a high diagnostic power. Compared to the parametric methods, the non‐parametric method is the mathematically correct approach for the problem in question. If we take the high resolution structural MRI information into account, the diagnostic power of PALM was not significantly inferior to the visual inspection (P = 0.5150), showing an area under the ROC curve (AUC) smaller only by less than 3%.ConclusionsThe automated diagnostic method based on statistical inference, here applied to diagnose glioma tumors in IPA‐SPECT data, seems to be a promising tool that can support the visual investigation in nuclear medicine. Moreover in the foreseeable future, the presented methodology has a big potential in various application like localization of active tumor tissues in surgical resection or stereotactic radiosurgery.
Non‐contrast enhanced 4D intracranial MR angiography based on pseudo‐continuous arterial spin labeling with the keyhole and view‐sharing technique
Authors: Obara Makoto , Togao Osamu , Beck Gabriele M. , Shibukawa Shuhei , Okuaki Tomoyuki , Yoneyama Masami , Nakamura Masanobu , Honda Hiroshi , Van Cauteren Marc 
Published: January 2018

Purpose4D dynamic MR angiography (4D‐MRA) using pseudo‐continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL), combined with Keyhole and View‐sharing (4D‐PACK) for scan acceleration, is introduced. Its validity for arterial inflow dynamics visualization was investigated through comparison with 4D‐pCASL and contrast inherent inflow enhanced multiphase angiography (CINEMA).MethodsSix healthy volunteers were included in the study. The arterial transit time (ATT) in 4D‐PACK was measured at multiple regions in middle cerebral artery (MCA), and Pearson's correlation coefficient with ATT in 4D‐pCASL was calculated. The contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) in 4D‐PACK was measured in four MCA segments and compared with that in 4D‐pCASL and CINEMA. Arterial visualization in 4D‐PACK was assessed qualitatively in patients with moyamoya disease and arteriovenous malformation by comparing with CINEMA.Results4D‐PACK achieved a 36% scan time reduction compared with 4D‐pCASL. The correlation coefficient for ATT measured by 4D‐pCASL and 4D‐PACK was greater than 0.96. The CNR was significantly higher using 4D‐PACK compared with CINEMA in the M4 segment (P < 0.01). In patient examinations, the flow in the collateral artery or draining vein was better visualized in 4D‐PACK compared with CINEMA.Conclusion4D‐PACK accelerates 4D‐pCASL, shows similar inflow dynamics as 4D‐pCASL and shows better peripheral visualization compared with CINEMA. Magn Reson Med 80:719–725, 2018. © 2018 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Evaluation of Formulated Feed for Juvenile Lake Sturgeon Based on Growth Performance and Nutrient Retention
Authors: Lee Seunghyung , Zhao Hongxia , Li Yuquan , Binkowski Fred P , Deng Dong-Fang , Shepherd Brian S , Hung Silas S O , Bai Sungchul C 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
This study evaluated the potential of feeding formulated feed to juvenile Lake Sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens and determined the optimal feeding rate of a soft-moist feed on the growth performance and whole-body composition of the fish. Six feeding rates (% body weight [BW]/d) of the soft-moist feed were assigned to each of the 1-week feeding trials: 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, and 12% BW/d for trial I; and 0.5%, 2%, 3.5%, 5%, 6.5%, and 8% BW/d for trial II. As reference diets, frozen bloodworms and a dry formulated feed were administered to the fish at feeding rates of 8% and 5% BW/d for trials I and II, respectively. Each treatment was assigned to three tanks, with either 18 fish (trial I; initial BW [mean ± SD] = 3.5 ± 0.05 g) or 15 fish (trial II; initial BW = 7.8 ± 0.1 g) per tank. No mortality was observed during the two trials. Weight gain and feed conversation ratio were significantly better for fish that received the soft-moist feed than for those fed the bloodworms. The dry diet and soft-moist diet resulted in similar growth rates. Growth performance and whole-body lipid and moisture content were significantly influenced by feeding rates in both trials. The tyrosine, isoleucine, lysine, phenylalanine, and valine levels in whole fish were significantly altered by the feeding rates in trial I, whereas only the glycine level was altered in trial II. Optimum feeding rates based on the specific growth rate were estimated to be 7.6% and 6.2% BW/d (or 1.47 and 1.19 MJ·kg BW−1·d−1) for Lake Sturgeon weighing 3.5 and 7.8 g, respectively. These results indicate that Lake Sturgeon can be given formulated feed after previous acclimation to the formulated feed during the early life stage.
Drug Shortages: Effect on Parenteral Nutrition Therapy
Authors: Holcombe Beverly , Mattox Todd W. , Plogsted Steve 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDrug shortages continue to be a threat to the health and welfare of numerous patients in the United States. For patients who depend on parenteral nutrition (PN) for survival, these shortages pose an even greater threat. Almost 75% of active drug shortages are sterile injectables, which includes PN components. Providing PN therapy is particularly challenging for clinicians because this is a complex medication and may contain 40 or more individual ingredients, of which multiple components may simultaneously be in limited supply. The availability of PN components must be considered during every step of the PN use process from ordering the PN prescription to administering this therapy to a patient. Alterations to a standardized process can lead to medication errors that can adversely affect patient outcomes and consume healthcare resources.
Characteristics and management of ganglioneuroma and ganglioneuroblastoma‐intermixed in children and adolescents
Authors: Alexander Natasha , Sullivan Katie , Shaikh Furqan , Irwin Meredith S. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundGanglioneuromas (GNs) usually demonstrate favorable histological and clinical features. Surgery is often performed due to clinical symptoms and/or theoretical concerns that GN may transform into neuroblastoma (NB); however, several studies have identified significant GN‐surgical morbidities.ObjectivesWe compared the natural history, biological and clinical features of GN and ganglioneuroblastoma‐intermixed (GNB‐I) managed by surgery or observation to inform management and surveillance.ProceduresThis retrospective study includes patients (n = 67) with histological diagnosis of GN (50/67) and GNB‐I (17/67) at the Hospital for Sick Children between 1990 and 2014. Clinical, pathological features, tumor dimensions, and management were recorded.ResultsMedian age and maximal tumor diameter were 6 years (1.3–17.8) and 6.3 cm (1.4–16.9), respectively. Of the 67 patients, 46 (69%) had upfront surgery and 21 (31%) were observed. Of the 21 observed patients 4 later underwent resection. There were post‐operative complications in 15 of the 50 (30%) surgical patients. The presence of imaging‐defined risk factors correlated with complications (P = 0.005). Observed patients were older (median 8.4 vs. 5.3 years) and diagnosed more recently. Median growth was 0.3 cm/year and 6 of 21 had progressive disease (PD). At median follow‐up of 2.2 years (0.2–14.3), all patients were alive and for those with evaluable imaging there were 27 complete and 10 partial responses, 19 stable and 6 PD. Pathology classification changed at resection for three cases, but no GN was reclassified to NB.ConclusionsGN and GNB‐I have a slow growth rate and resection can be associated with significant morbidity. Watch and wait approaches should be considered for some GN and GNB‐I.
Sources of parental hope in pediatric oncology
Authors: Sisk Bryan A. , Kang Tammy I. , Mack Jennifer W. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundHope is a multidimensional concept that is important for all parents of children with cancer. However, most work has focused on advanced cancer and poor prognoses. We examined hopes of all parents of children with cancer longitudinally during the first year of treatment.ProcedureProspective, longitudinal, questionnaire‐based cohort study of parents and physicians of children with cancer at two academic pediatric hospitals. Parents reported on general sense of hopefulness and specific hopes at time of diagnosis (N = 374); a subset of parents (N = 164) were followed longitudinally at 4 and 12 months.ResultsFifty‐five percent of parents (N = 206/374) reported being extremely hopeful in general at baseline. Hopefulness did not significantly change over time, and most parents (51–58%) reported being extremely hopeful regardless of prognosis (P = 0.66). Most parents (N = 327/356) considered hope for cure to be an extremely important source of hope; most also reported hope that the child would feel loved (N = 328/356), that the child would have the best possible quality of life (N = 316/356), and that they would always do all they could for the child (N = 300/356). Hope for cure was slightly lower among parents of children with less than a 50% chance of cure at baseline (N = 53/63) when compared to those with better prognoses (moderately likely cure, N = 76/78; very likely cure, N = 198/215) (P = 0.02).ConclusionsMany hopes contribute to parental hopefulness, not just hope for cure. This hopefulness persists over time, even when the prognosis is poor. Clinicians should focus on supporting the myriad hopes that contribute to overall hopefulness.
Reirradiation in patients with diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas: The Canadian experience
Authors: Lassaletta Alvaro , Strother Douglas , Laperriere Normand , Hukin Juliette , Vanan Magimairajan Issai , Goddard Karen , Lafay‐Cousin Lucie , Johnston Donna L. , Zelcer Shayna , Zapotocky Michal , Rajagopal Revathi , Ramaswamy Vijay , Hawkins Cynthia , Tabori Uri , Huang Annie , Bartels Ute , Bouffet Eric 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjectiveClinical trials have failed to demonstrate a survival benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy in diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPG). Radiation therapy (RT) is the only effective treatment thus far and reirradiation (rRT) has become an option at the time of progression. The aim of this study was to review the Canadian experience of DIPG rRT with a focus on the safety and possible efficacy of this approach.MethodWe retrospectively reviewed the demographic, clinical, and RT data of patients with DIPG treated in Canada with rRT.ResultsSince January 2011, we identified 16 patients with progressive DIPG who received rRT. Median time from diagnosis to progression was 10.5 months (range, 4–37 months). rRT was given focally in 14 patients at a dose ranging from 21.6 to 36 Gy. rRT was well tolerated by all children but one. All but three patients showed neurological improvement. With a median follow‐up from original diagnosis of 19.2 months, all patients died, with a median time from rRT to death of 6.48 months (range, 3.83–13.26 months). When compared to a historic cohort of 46 consecutive patients, the median time from progression to death was 92 days in the non‐reirradiated patients versus 218 days in the reirradiated ones (P = 0.0001).ConclusionIn this limited experience, rRT was safe and feasible in patients with progressive DIPG, providing neurological improvement and a prolonged life span in most patients. Prospective Canadian rRT protocols are ongoing to further assess the benefit of this approach, including quality of life assessment.
Utilization trends and safety of intravenous iron replacement in pediatric specialty care: A large retrospective cohort study
Authors: Boucher Alexander A. , Pfeiffer Amanda , Bedel Ashley , Young Jennifer , McGann Patrick T. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundIron deficiency is a common and clinically diverse hematologic disorder in childhood for which oral iron is often an infeasible or ineffective treatment option. Intravenous (IV) iron can be an efficient and highly successful means of iron replacement but its use has not been well‐characterized on a large scale in pediatrics.ProcedureAll IV iron doses administered to patients for iron replacement therapy at a tertiary pediatric hospital from January 2010 through October 2016 were evaluated. Analyses included patient demographics, underlying medical conditions, and detailed information for each dose. Individual chart review was performed to identify infusion‐related reactions. Nephrology patients as well as those patients 21 years or older at the time of the first infusion were excluded.ResultsA total of 1,088 doses of IV iron administered to 194 patients met inclusion criteria. A wide variety of specialties prescribed IV iron, with gastroenterology, hematology, and hospital medicine being the highest users in this cohort. A majority of patients (68%) required multiple infusions and dosing was highly variable, ranging from 1.3–1,030 mg per infusion. Premedication use was infrequent (10.3% of doses) and no severe infusion‐associated reactions occurred.ConclusionsIV iron is commonly prescribed by certain pediatric specialties but there is little standardization in the indications, formulations, or dosing. These data suggest that IV iron should be considered a safe alternative for iron deficiency treatment in pediatrics when oral iron is either unsuccessful or contraindicated.
Insights from Proteomic Studies into Plant Somatic Embryogenesis
Authors: Heringer Angelo Schuabb , Santa‐Catarina Claudete , Silveira Vanildo 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSomatic embryogenesis is a biotechnological approach mainly used for the clonal propagation of different plants worldwide. In somatic embryogenesis, embryos arise from somatic cells under appropriate culture conditions. This plasticity in plants is a demonstration of true cellular totipotency and is the best approach among the genetic transformation protocols used for plant regeneration. Despite the importance of somatic embryogenesis, knowledge regarding the control of the somatic embryogenesis process is limited. Therefore, the elucidation of both the biochemical and molecular processes is important for understanding the mechanisms by which a single somatic cell becomes a whole plant. Modern proteomic techniques rely on an alternative method for the identification and quantification of proteins with different abundances in embryogenic cell cultures or somatic embryos and enable the identification of specific proteins related to somatic embryogenesis development. This review focuses on somatic embryogenesis studies that use gel‐free shotgun proteomic analyses to categorize proteins that could enhance our understanding of particular aspects of the somatic embryogenesis process and identify possible targets for future studies.
Melamine driven supramolecular self‐assembly of nucleobase derivatives in water
Authors: Xiao Yan , Zhang Jiaxiao , Lang Meidong 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTWater‐soluble supramolecular polymers, especially made up of biomolecules, are ideally suited to build new biomaterials that can mimic or interact with dynamic, biological environments. Here, two derivatives from thymine (T), that is N‐[2‐(3,4‐Dihydro‐5‐methyl‐2,4‐dioxo‐1(2H)‐pyrimidinyl)acetyl]‐L‐phenylalanine (T‐phe) and N‐(2‐Aminoethyl)‐3,4‐dihydro‐5‐methyl‐2,4‐dioxo‐1(2H)‐pyrimidineacetamide (T‐NH2) were synthesized. Then the optimal condition for self‐assembly of T‐phe and T‐NH2 driven by melamine (M) was explored. It was observed that M/T kept at 1:3 with equivalent T‐phe and T‐NH2 under neutral environment resulted in long fibers (>1 μm) with extremely high aspect ratios, which suggested that electrostatic and π‐stacking interactions could be effectively orchestrated by hydrogen bonds to direct the hierarchical assembly. Furthermore, hydrogels were spontaneously generated with a concentrated solution of T‐phe, T‐NH2, and M due to the fibril entanglement. Given its biomimetic nature and efficient self‐assembly process, this newly developed supramolecular polymer stacked by tetrameric structures represented an innovative concept and pathway for novel bio‐inspired materials. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 789–796