bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alterations in the plasma metabolite profile associated with improved hepatic function and glycemia in mice fed lingonberry supplemented high‐fat diets
Authors: Al Hamimi Said , Heyman‐Lindén Lovisa , Plaza Merichel , Turner Charlotta , Berger Karin , Spégel Peter 
Published: October 2016

ScopeLingonberries have been shown to reduce the detrimental effects of high‐fat diet (HFD) on weight gain, plasma glucose, and inflammation. However, the extent of effects was recently shown to vary between different batches of berries. Here, we examine the metabolic response to two independent batches of lingonberries.Methods and resultsAlterations in the phenotype and circulating metabolome elicited by three matched HFDs, two of which containing lingonberries (L1D and L2D) from different sources, were investigated. Glycemia was improved only in mice fed L1D, whereas liver function was improved and inflammation reduced in mice fed both L1D and L2D, compared to mice fed HFD. The unique improvement in glycemia elicited by L1D was associated with a 21% increase in circulating levels of fatty acids. Increased levels of phosphatidylcholines (62%) and lysophosphatidylcholines (28%) and decreased levels of serine (−13%) and sphingomyelins (−26%) were observed in mice fed L1D and L2D, as compared to HFD.ConclusionThe unique improvement in glycemia in mice fed L1D was associated with a normal metabolic control with an altered set point. Moreover, the batch‐independent reduction in liver steatosis and inflammation, was associated with an altered sphingomyelin metabolism.
Measuring cancer evolution from the genome
Authors: Graham Trevor A , Sottoriva Andrea 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe temporal dynamics of cancer evolution remain elusive, because it is impractical to longitudinally observe cancers unperturbed by treatment. Consequently, our knowledge of how cancers grow largely derives from inferences made from a single point in time – the endpoint in the cancer's evolution, when it is removed from the body and studied in the laboratory. Fortuitously however, the cancer genome, by virtue of ongoing mutations that uniquely mark clonal lineages within the tumour, provides a rich, yet surreptitious, record of cancer development. In this review, we describe how a cancer's genome can be analysed to reveal the temporal history of mutation and selection, and discuss why both selective and neutral evolution feature prominently in carcinogenesis. We argue that selection in cancer can only be properly studied once we have some understanding of what the absence of selection looks like. We review the data describing punctuated evolution in cancer, and reason that punctuated phenotype evolution is consistent with both gradual and punctuated genome evolution. We conclude that, to map and predict evolutionary trajectories during carcinogenesis, it is critical to better understand the relationship between genotype change and phenotype change. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Poly‐2‐oxazolidones with tailored physical properties synthesized by catalyzed polyaddition of 2,4‐toluene diisocyanate and different bisphenol‐based diepoxides
Authors: Prokofyeva Angelina , Laurenzen Hannah , Dijkstra Dirk J , Frick Elena , Schmidt Annette M , Guertler Christoph , Koopmans Carsten , Wolf Aurel 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn the current study, we investigated poly‐2‐oxazolidones containing one of four different diglycidyl ethers carrying different bulky bisphenol centers. With increasing steric hindrance of the bisphenol‐based diepoxide from bisphenol F to bisphenol A, Z and TMC, the glass transition temperature (Tg) increased markedly from 156 to 211 °C, whereas the plateau modulus of the polymer, i.e. the chain flexibility as determined from rheological characterization, remained almost unchanged. This study demonstrates the general feasibility of the chemical design of poly‐2‐oxazolidones as an amorphous high‐performance thermoplastic. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Neuroproteomic study of nitrated proteins in moderate traumatic brain injured rats treated with gamma glutamyl cysteine ethyl ester administration post injury: Insight into the role of glutathione elevation in nitrosative stress
Authors: Henderson Moses , Rice Brittany , Sebastian Andrea , Sullivan Patrick G. , King Christina , Robinson Renã A.S. , Reed Tanea T. 
Published: October 2016

PurposeThe aims of this study are to establish a time point to determine the most beneficial time to administer GCEE post incident to reduce oxidative damage and second, by using redox proteomics, to determine if GCEE can readily suppress 3‐NT modification in TBI animals.Experimental designBy using a moderate traumatic brain injury model with Wistar rats, it is hypothesized that the role of 3‐nitrotyrosine (3‐NT) formation as an intermediate will predict the involvement of protein nitration/nitrosation and oxidative damage in the brain.ResultsIn this experiment, the levels of protein carbonyls, 4‐hydroxynonenal, and 3‐nitrotyrosine were significantly elevated in TBI injured, saline treated rats compared with those who sustained an injury and were treated with 150 mg/kg of the glutathione mimetic, GCEE.Conclusion and clinical relevanceDetermining the existence of elevated 3‐NT levels provides insight into the relationship between the protein nitration/nitrosation and the oxidative damage, which can determine the pathogenesis and progression of specific neurological diseases.
Comment on “The effect of confinement on the electronic energy and polarizability of a hydrogen molecular ion” by Josimar Fernando da Silva, Fabricio Ramos Silva and Elso Drigo Filho, Int. J. Quantum Chem. 2016, 116, 497–503
Authors: Cruz S. A. , Olivares‐Pilón H. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractVarious conceptual and numerical errors reported in the paper cited in the title of this contribution are pointed out and clarified. Our main concern is the evident violation of the variational principle, which is used in that paper for the study of the confined hydrogen molecular ion to obtain both energies and properties.
Developmental Exposure to Endocrine Disruptors Expands Murine Myometrial Stem Cell Compartment as a Prerequisite to Leiomyoma Tumorigenesis
Authors: Mas Aymara , Stone Leyland , O'Connor Paul M. , Yang Qiwei , Kleven Daniel , Simon Carlos , Walker Cheryl L. , Al-Hendy Ayman 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Despite the high prevalence and major negative impact of uterine fibroids (UFs) on women's health, their pathogenesis remains largely unknown. While tumor-initiating cells have been previously isolated from UFs, the cell of origin for these tumors in normal myometrium has not been identified. We isolated cells with Stro1/CD44 surface markers from normal myometrium expressing stem cell markers Oct-4/c-kit/nanog that exhibited the properties of myometrial stem/progenitor-like cells (MSCs). Using a murine model for UFs, we showed that the cervix was a hypoxic “niche” and primary site (96%) for fibroid development in these animals. The pool size of these MSCs also responded to environmental cues, contracting with age and expanding in response to developmental environmental exposures that promote fibroid development. Translating these findings to women, the number of MSCs in unaffected human myometrium correlated with risk for developing UFs. Caucasian (CC) women with fibroids had increased numbers of MSCs relative to CC women without fibroids, and African-American (AA) women at highest risk for these tumors had the highest number of MSCs: AA-with fibroids &gt; CC-with fibroids &gt; AA-without fibroids &gt; CC-without fibroids. These data identify Stro1+/CD44+ MSCs as MSC/progenitor cell for UFs, and a target for ethnic and environmental factors that increase UF risk.
Lung and cardiac ultrasound for hemodynamic monitoring of patients with severe pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Ambrozic J. , Brzan Simenc G. , Prokselj K. , Tul N. , Cvijic M. , Lucovnik M. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate lung and cardiac ultrasound for the assessment of fluid tolerance and fluid responsiveness before and after delivery in pregnant women with severe pre‐eclampsia (PE).MethodsThis was a prospective observational study of singleton pregnant women with severe PE and healthy term controls. Lung ultrasound echo comet score (ECS), which denotes the amount of extravascular lung water, was obtained using the 28‐rib interspaces technique. The echocardiographic E/e′ ratio, measured by pulsed‐wave and tissue Doppler, was used as a marker of diastolic left ventricular function. Fluid responsiveness was assessed by measuring changes in stroke volume (SV) with passive leg raising (PLR). SV was calculated from the left ventricular flow velocity‐time integral measured by pulsed‐wave Doppler at baseline and after PLR. Change in SV ≥ 12% was considered to indicate fluid responsiveness. Measurements obtained 1 day before delivery and 1 and 4 days after delivery were compared in the two groups (PE vs controls).ResultsWe included 21 women with severe PE and 12 healthy controls. ECS and E/e′ ratio were higher in women with PE than in controls, both before delivery (P = 0.002 and P = 0.02) and 1 day postdelivery (P = 0.02 and P = 0.03); however there was no difference at 4 days postdelivery (P = 0.63 and P = 0.90). The change in SV with PLR before (P = 0.26) and after (P = 0.71) delivery did not differ between groups. An increase in SV ≥ 12% was observed in three (14%) women with PE and four (33%) controls before delivery and in four (19%) women with PE and two (17%) controls 1 day after delivery.ConclusionsSevere PE is associated with an increase in extravascular lung water, which could in part be caused by disturbed diastolic left ventricular function. Excess lung water can be identified by lung ultrasound assessment in women with severe PE before the appearance of clinical signs. Only a small proportion of these women are fluid responsive. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Robotic‐Assisted Versus Laparoscopic Left Lateral Sectionectomy: Analysis of Surgical Outcomes and Costs by a Propensity Score Matched Cohort Study
Authors: Salloum Chady , Lim Chetana , Lahat Eylon , Gavara Concepcion Gomez I. , Levesque Eric , Compagnon Philippe , Azoulay Daniel 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundAfter comparing with open approach, left lateral sectionectomy (LLS) has become standard in terms of short‐term outcomes without jeopardizing long‐term survival when performed for malignancy. The aim of this study was to compare the short‐term and economic outcomes of laparoscopic (L‐LLS) and robotic (R‐LLS) LLS.MethodsAll consecutive patients who underwent L‐LLS or R‐LLS from 1997 to 2014 were analyzed. Short‐term and economic outcomes were compared between the two groups using a propensity score matching (PSM).ResultsNinety‐six consecutive cases of LLS were performed using the laparoscopic (80 cases; 83 %) or robotic (16 cases; 17 %) approach. The two groups were similar for operative and surgical outcomes. Operation time was similar in the R‐LLS compared to the L‐LLS group (190 vs. 162 min; p = 0.10). Perioperative costs were higher (1457 € vs. 576 €; p < 0.0001) in the R‐LLS group than in the L‐LLS group; however, postoperative costs were similar between the two groups (4065 € in the R‐LLS group vs. 5459 € in the L‐LLS group; p = 0.30). Total costs were similar between the two groups (5522 € in the R‐LLS group vs. 6035€ in the L‐LLS group; p = 0.70). The PSM included 14 patients for each group. Surgical and economic outcomes remained similar after PSM, except for total operating time which was significantly longer in the R‐LLS group than in the L‐LLS group.ConclusionsEven if feasible and safe, the robotic approach does not seem so far to offer additional benefit in terms of intra‐ and postoperative outcomes over the laparoscopic approach in patients requiring LLS. Total costs associated with the R‐LLS group are not greater than that associated with the L‐LLS group, which is the standard of care so far.
Adverse Effects of Anastomotic Leakage on Local Recurrence and Survival After Curative Anterior Resection for Rectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Wang Shuanhu , Liu Jingjing , Wang Shan , Zhao Hongyun , Ge Sitang , Wang Wenbin 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundAnastomotic leakage is a serious complication associated with anterior resection for rectal cancer, the long‐term effects of which are unclear. Therefore, a systematic review and meta‐analysis were conducted to evaluate the impact of anastomotic leakage on disease recurrence and survival.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases from their inception to January 2016. Studies evaluating the oncologic impact of anastomotic leakage were included in the meta‐analysis. Outcome measures were local recurrence, overall survival, cancer‐specific survival, and distant recurrence. Pooled hazard ratio (HR) with 95 % confidence interval (CI) was calculated using random effects models.ResultsFourteen studies containing 11,353 patients met inclusion criteria. Anastomotic leakage was associated with a greater local recurrence (HR 1.71; 95 % CI 1.22–2.38) and decreased in both overall survival (HR 1.67; 95 % CI 1.19–2.35) and cancer‐specific survival (HR 1.30; 95 % CI 1.08–1.56); anastomotic leakage did not increase distant recurrence (HR 1.03; 95 % CI 0.76–1.40).ConclusionsAnastomotic leakage was associated with high local recurrence and poor survival (both overall and cancer‐specific), but not with distant recurrence.
Addition of Surgery After Radiation Significantly Improves Survival in Stage IIIB Non‐small Cell Lung Cancer: A Population‐Based Analysis
Authors: Herskovic Alex , Chitti Bhargava , Christos Paul , Wernicke A. Gabriella , Parashar Bhupesh 
Published: October 2016

AbstractObjectivesLimited work, either retrospective or prospective, has been done to investigate whether or not there is a cause‐specific mortality (CSM) or all‐cause mortality (ACM) benefit to adding surgery following neoadjuvant treatment for Stage IIIB NSCLC.MethodsWe extracted patients with Stage IIIB NSCLC from the Survival, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) database treated from 2004 to 2012 with either radiation alone or radiation followed by surgery. Other variables extracted were age, sex, race, and tumor location. The impact of patient and treatment variables on CSM and ACM was explored using Cox multivariable regression analysis.ResultsA total of 14,065 patients were extracted from the SEER database. On multivariable analysis, even after adjustment for age, gender, race, and site, radiation followed by surgery was associated with a reduction in cause‐specific mortality compared to radiation alone (adjusted HR 0.46; 95 % CI 0.41, 0.52; p < 0.0001). Median overall survival was 11 months in the radiotherapy alone arm versus 29 months in the radiotherapy plus surgery arm (p < 0.0001 by log‐rank test). After adjustment for these same factors, radiation followed by surgery was also associated with a reduction in all‐cause mortality compared with radiation alone (adjusted HR 0.47; 95 % CI 0.42, 0.52; p < 0.0001). Median cause‐specific survival was 12 months in the radiotherapy alone arm versus 33 months in the radiotherapy plus surgery arm (p < 0.0001 by log‐rank test).DiscussionIn the SEER database, there appears to be both a CSM and ACM benefit to adding surgery following radiation for Stage IIIB NSCLC.
Angiotensin receptor blockade mediated amelioration of mucopolysaccharidosis type I cardiac and craniofacial pathology
Authors: Osborn Mark J. , Webber Beau R. , McElmurry Ronald T. , Rudser Kyle D. , DeFeo Anthony P. , Muradian Michael , Petryk Anna , Hallgrimsson Benedikt , Blazar Bruce R. , Tolar Jakub , Braunlin Elizabeth A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractMucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS IH) is a lysosomal storage disease (LSD) caused by inactivating mutations to the alpha‐L‐iduronidase (IDUA) gene. Treatment focuses on IDUA enzyme replacement and currently employed methods can be non‐uniform in their efficacy particularly for the cardiac and craniofacial pathology. Therefore, we undertook efforts to better define the pathological cascade accounting for treatment refractory manifestations and demonstrate a role for the renin angiotensin system (RAS) using the IDUA−/− mouse model. Perturbation of the RAS in the aorta was more profound in male animals suggesting a causative role in the observed gender dimorphism and angiotensin receptor blockade (ARB) resulted in improved cardiac function. Further, we show the ability of losartan to prevent shortening of the snout, a common craniofacial anomaly in IDUA−/− mice. These data show a key role for the RAS in MPS associated pathology and support the inclusion of losartan as an augmentation to current therapies.
A Review of the Genetics of Intracranial Berry Aneurysms and Implications for Genetic Counseling
Authors: Hitchcock Emma , Gibson William T. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractHere we review the current understanding of the genetic architecture of intracranial berry aneurysms (IBA) to aid in the genetic counseling of patients at risk for this condition. The familial subtype of IBA, familial intracranial aneurysms (FIA), is associated with increased frequency of IBA, increased risk of rupture, and increased morbidity and mortality after rupture. Family history is the strongest predictor for the development of IBA. However, a genetic test is not yet available to assess risk within a family. Studies using linkage analysis, genome‐wide association, and next‐generation sequencing have found several candidate loci and genes associated with disease onset, but have not conclusively implicated a single gene. In addition to family history, a separate or concurrent diagnosis of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is a strong genetic risk factor for IBA formation. We also discuss the relative risk for developing IBA in several Mendelian syndromes including vascular Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome, Marfan syndrome, Neurofibromatosis Type I, and Loeys–Dietz syndrome.
Geologic structure, relief, and neotectonics of the Chulyshman Upland (Gorny Altai)
Authors: Novikov I.S. , Vysotskii E.M. , Kargapolov S.A. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The Chulyshman Upland is a big mountain structure at the boundary between the Altai and West Sayan mountain ranges. It is composed mostly of metamorphic rocks of the greenschist, epidote–amphibolite, and amphibolite facies as well as several large granitoid massifs. The upland stretches for 150 km to the northwest and is ≤50 km in width. The main divides are flattened and are almost 3000 m (or, seldom, slightly more) in height. The southwestern and northeastern boundaries of the upland are formed by recent dextral strike-slip faults, and the northwestern and southeastern boundaries, by reverse faults. Neotectonic structures of lower rank divide the upland into four mountain massifs similar in morphology and size; the mountain massifs, in turn, are divided into altitude stages. Recent E–W trending faults are reverse, whereas N–S trending faults are normal. Horizontal displacements along the dextral strike-slip faults are &gt;2000 m, while vertical displacements along the reverse and normal faults are within 150–500 m. There is no contemporary glaciation on the upland. In the Pleistocene, the upper stage of the relief was occupied by ice sheets, which left numerous traces of exaration. The middle stage was a transit zone for the outlet tongues of ice sheets; here, moraine deposits cover the bottoms and slopes of valleys. The lower stage was a zone of moraine accumulation in the Pleistocene. In the Holocene, neotectonic activity in the area was expressed as numerous earthquakes, which have left traces in the form of rock slides at the base of 20% of the extension of the sides of glacial valleys and seismogenic trenches 80 to 2300 m in length. Studies have revealed a pleistoseist zone (50°37′10″ N; 88°51′08″ E) from a recent (about 200–300 years ago) catastrophic earthquake.
Getting a GRiPP on everyday schistosomiasis: experience from Zimbabwe
Authors: MUTAPI FRANCISCA 
Published: October 2016

SUMMARYSchistosomiasis, commonly known as bilharzia, is a parasitic disease prevalent in Africa, Asia and South America. The majority of the cases occur in Sub-Saharan Africa where schistosomiasis is a major public health problem impacting on child health and development as well as adult health when infections become chronic. Control of schistosomiasis is by treatment of infected people with the antihelminthic drug praziquantel. Current schistosome control programmes advocated by the World Health Assembly in 2001 are aimed at regular school-based integrated deworming strategies in order to reduce development of severe morbidity, promote school health and to improve cognitive potential of children. Several countries in Africa have now embarked on national scale deworming programmes treating millions of children exposed to schistosomiasis in endemic areas without prior diagnosis of infection through mass drug administration programmes. Implementing such control programmes requires a concerted effort between scientists, policy makers, health practitioners and several other stake holders and of course a receptive community. This paper considers the contributions to global schistosome control efforts made by research conducted in Zimbabwe and the historical context and developments leading to the national schistosomiasis control programme in Zimbabwe giving an example of Getting Research into Policy and Practice.
Developing the Politics of the Trade Union Movement: Popular Workers’ Education in South Yorkshire, UK, 1955 to 1985
Authors: Grayson John 
Published: October 2016

AbstractDrawing on evidence from research interviews, workers’ memoirs, oral histories, and a range of secondary sources, the development of popular workers’ education is traced over a thirty year period, 1955 to 1985, and is rooted in the proletarian culture of South Yorkshire, UK. The period is seen as an historical conjuncture of Left social movements (trade unions, the Communist and Labour parties, tenants’ movements, movements of working-class women, and emerging autonomous black movements) in a context of trade union militancy and New Left politics. The Sheffield University extramural department, the South Yorkshire Workers' Educational Association (WEA), and the public intellectuals they employ as tutors and organizers are embedded in the politics and actions of the labor movement in the region, some becoming Labour MPs. They develop distinctive programs of trade union day release courses and labor movement organizations (Institute for Workers' Control, Conference of Socialist Economists, Society for the Study of Labour History). Workers involved in the process of popular workers' education become organic intellectuals having key roles in local and national politics, in the steel and miners' strikes of the 1980s, and in the formation of Northern College. The article draws on the language and insights of Raymond Williams and Antonio Gramsci through the lens of social movement theory and the praxis of popular education.