bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of cannula size on recurrent twin–twin transfusion syndrome and twin anemia–polycythemia sequence after fetoscopic laser surgery
Authors: Donepudi R. , Akkermans J. , Mann L. , Klumper F. J. , Middeldorp J. M. , Lopriore E. , Moise Jr K. J. , Bebbington M. , Johnson A. , Oepkes D. , Papanna R. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe optimal outcome after fetoscopic laser surgery (FLS) for twin–twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) depends on the successful ablation of all placental anastomoses. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of and risk factors for recurrent TTTS (rTTTS) or twin anemia–polycythemia sequence (TAPS) after FLS, focusing on the impact of cannula diameter.MethodsThis was a secondary analysis of data collected prospectively at two centers from 666 consecutive patients undergoing FLS for TTTS. The main outcomes were rTTTS and TAPS following FLS. Variables assessed included gestational age at intervention, stage of disease, recipient maximum vertical pocket, anterior placenta, number of anastomoses ablated, cannula diameter/operative scopes and use of the Solomon technique. Cannula diameter and corresponding scopes used were as follows: 8 Fr and 1.3 mm/0°; 9 Fr and 2.7 mm/0°; 10 Fr and 3 mm/0°; or 12 Fr and 3.3–3.7 mm/30–70°. Cannula diameter was used as a surrogate for scopes during analysis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors associated with rTTTS or TAPS after FLS; ‘center’ was considered an independent variable to account for variations in practice. In a nested cohort of pregnancies in which both fetuses survived, placental dye injection was performed in 315 placentae. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate variables associated with the presence of residual anastomoses.ResultsrTTTS or TAPS occurred in 61 (9%) cases following FLS (rTTTS in eight (1%) and TAPS in 53 (8%)). Factors associated significantly with the risk of rTTTS/TAPS on multivariate analysis were cannula diameter (when an 8‐Fr, 9‐Fr, 10‐Fr or 12‐Fr cannula was used, there was rTTTS/TAPS in 24%, 13%, 2% or 0.8% of cases, respectively (P < 0.001)) and use of the Solomon technique (rTTTS/TAPS occurred in 4.2% of those in which it was used vs 18.1% in those in which it was not (P < 0.001)). Only use of the Solomon technique was associated significantly with no residual anastomoses found after delivery.ConclusionsFollowing FLS for TTTS, a lower incidence of rTTTS/TAPS was seen when the Solomon technique was used, as well as when a 10‐Fr or 12‐Fr cannula was used. A lower complication rate may be due to the use of a scope with better optics during placental mapping. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Study of Mechanical Properties of Vindhayan Shaly Rocks at Elevated temperature
Authors: Jha Manish Kumar , Verma A. K. , Gautam Pradeep Kumar , Negi Anil 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT
Shale is an important rock due to its suitability for different engineering and scientific applications. Elevated temperature may cause major deformation or damage in shale rock and it may be of irreversible in nature. Such damage have adverse effect on the physicomechnical properties of shale rock. The uniaxial compressive strength and tensile strength of two shales (upper Vindhyan basin, India) have been estimated at elevated temperature using point load strength index method. The rock samples have been analyzed at various temperatures starting from room temperature to 900 °C. The effect of elevated temperature on the physicomechanical properties and their influence on the uniaxial compressive strength has been studied in detail. Damage induced, in both shale have been estimated using compressional wave velocity. The analysis of the experimental result shows that the uniaxial compressive strength decreases from 63.45 to 18.45 MPa and 60.94 to 22.22 MPa, for Jhiri and Ganurgarh shale respectively. Tensile strength of shales have been also estimated. The value of tensile strength decreases from 3.65 to 1.05 MPa and 3.46 to 1.26 MPa respectively for Jhiri and Ganurgarh shale. Multivariate regression analysis has been carried out to obtain the correlation between physicomechanical properties and uniaxial compressive strength of Jhiri and Ganurgarh shale.
Middle Ordovician effusive rocks of the Khamsara terrane (Tyva) as an indicator complex
Authors: Shkol’nik S.I. , Ivanov A.V. , Reznitsky L.Z. , Letnikova E.F. , He Hyaiyu , Zhiqlang Y. , Li Youjueen , Vishnevskaya I.A. , Barash I.G. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Felsic rocks of the Khamsara terrane in Tyva (southern Siberia) have been studied in terms of major- and trace-element compositions and U–Pb isotope geochronology. The Khamsara Formation rocks have compositions of A2-subtype within-plate anorogenic volcanics derived from molten continental crust and SIMS U–Pb zircon ages of 463.9 ± 2.8 and 461.7 ± 3.1 Ma of two rhyolite porphyry samples. The Khamsara volcanics are compared with subvolcanic granitoids of the Ognit complex in the Biryusa terrane (Sharyzhalgai basement inlier of the Siberian craton) adjacent to the Khamsara terrane. The volcanics and the granites are coeval and share compositional similarity. The Khamsara Formation is interpreted as a cap complex that marks the upper age bound of the accretionary-collisional events when amalgamated terranes in this part of the Central Asian orogen accreted to the Siberian craton.
Instability of secular variations in the horizontal components of the geomagnetic field: quasi-periodic fluctuations and jerks
Authors: Ladynin A.V. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Two types of fluctuations, with a short period (SPFs, 3 ± 0.15 years) and with a long period (LPFs, 10–70 years), have previously been found in the secular variation rate (SVR) of the horizontal component H, the vertical component Z, and the inclination I of the geomagnetic field (GMF). The fluctuations of SVR for the horizontal components of the GMF (X, Y, and D) and the periods and amplitudes of their SPFs are estimated in this study. The SVR fluctuations for Y and D are synchronous and have identical phases, and the SVR fluctuations for X are opposite to them in phase, except the areas near the magnetic poles. The SPF periods for X, Y, and D are almost the same (2.80 ± 0.14 years). Jerks in the SVR of Y, especially significant in Europe in 1969 and 1978, were studied. It is shown that jerks are a component of long-period fluctuations in the SVR of Y; they appear at the coincidence of extrema of the same sign in LPFs and SPFs. Jerks need not be considered a special phenomenon because they can be presented as the sum of quasi-periodic LPFs and SPFs.
New smallest specimen of the pterosaurPteranodonand ontogenetic niches in pterosaurs
Authors: Bennett S. Christopher 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA new juvenile specimen ofPteranodonfrom the Smoky Hill Chalk Member of the Niobrara Formation of western Kansas had an estimated wingspan in life of 1.76 m, ~45% smaller than the smallest previously known specimens, but does not differ in morphology from larger specimens. Its presence indicates that juveniles were capable of flying long distances, so it falsifies the interpretation ofPteranodonas growing rapidly to adult size under parental care before flying. Instead juveniles were precocial, growing more slowly to adult size while flying and feeding independently for several years before going to sea. Because juveniles are otherwise unknown in the Smoky Hill Chalk Member, they must have occupied different environments and ecological niches than adults; thusPteranodonexhibited ontogenetic niches. Evidence is presented that most other pterosaurs (e.g.,Rhamphorhynchus,Pterodactylus,Anhanguera) also exhibited various ontogenetic niches, which, along with their large body size, suggests that pterosaur taxonomic diversity was rather low, like that of crocodilians.
Refining the Hallstatt Plateau: Short-Term14C Variability and Small Scale Offsets in 50 Consecutive Single Tree-Rings from Southwest Scotland Dendro-Dated to 510–460 BC
Authors: Jacobsson Piotr , Hamilton William Derek , Cook Gordon , Crone Anne , Dunbar Elaine , Kinch Helen , Naysmith Philip , Tripney Brian , Xu Sheng 
Published: September 2017

AbstractRadiocarbon (14C) wiggle-match dating is a technique with a substantial potential to improve the precision of dating timbers in situations where dendrochronology is not tenable. However, one of the key reasons why obtaining a dendrochronological determination might be difficult is the short-lived nature of timbers on a range of archaeological sites, something that also affects the efficiency of the wiggle-match dating technique. Combined with the potential for high expense that the technique presents, it is paramount that wiggle-match dating research design has a good empirical basis. To this end we dated 50 consecutive, individual rings from a timber that grew during the Hallstatt radiocarbon calibration plateau (ca. 750–400 cal BC) in southwest Scotland. The results indicate that (1) the precision and accuracy of wiggle-match dates carried out on short-lived sequences during the Hallstatt plateau may suffer due to insufficient resolution of the calibration data, (2) sampling time-frames roughly equivalent to the underpinning calibration data are recommended (for the period in question this means decadal blocks), and (3) short-lived sequences are at risk of losing accuracy if the actual past trend of radiocarbon diverges from the mean of the radiocarbon calibration curve.
‘Items for criticism (not in sequence)’: Joseph DeLee, Pare Lorentz andThe Fight for Life(1940)
Authors: GAINTY CAITJAN 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn the late 1920s, the American obstetrician Joseph DeLee brought the motion-picture camera into the birth room. Following that era's trend of adapting industrial efficiency practices for medical environments, DeLee's films give spectacular and unexpected expression to the engineering concept of ‘streamlining’. Accomplishing what more tangible obstetric streamlining practices had failed to, DeLee's cameras, and his post-production manipulation, shifted birth from messy and dangerous to rationalized, efficient, death-defying. This was film as an active and effective medical tool. Years later, the documentarian Pare Lorentz produced and wrote his own birth film,The Fight for Life(1940). The documentary subject of the film was DeLee himself, and the film was set in his hospitals, on the same maternity ‘sets’ that had once showcased film's remarkable streamlining capacity to give and keep life. Yet relatively little of DeLee was retained in the film's content, resulting in a showdown that, by way of contrast, further articulated DeLee's understanding of film's medical powers and, in so doing, hinted at a more dynamic moment in the history of medicine while speaking also to the process by which that understanding ceased to be historically legible.
Regulating cinematic stories about reproduction: pregnancy, childbirth, abortion and movie censorship in the US, 1930–1958
Authors: KIRBY DAVID A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn the mid-twentieth century film studios sent their screenplays to Hollywood's official censorship body, the Production Code Administration (PCA), and to the Catholic Church's Legion of Decency for approval and recommendations for revision. This article examines the negotiations between filmmakers and censorship groups in order to show the stories that censors did, and did not, want told about pregnancy, childbirth and abortion, as well as how studios fought to tell their own stories about human reproduction. I find that censors considered pregnancy to be a state of grace and a holy obligation that was restricted to married women. For censors, human reproduction was not only a private matter, it was also an unpleasant biological process whose entertainment value was questionable. They worried that realistic portrayals of pregnancy and childbirth would scare young women away from pursuing motherhood. In addition, I demonstrate how filmmakers overcame censors’ strict prohibitions against abortion by utilizing ambiguity in their storytelling. Ultimately, I argue that censors believed that pregnancy and childbirth should be celebrated but not seen. But if pregnancy and childbirth were required then censors preferred mythic versions of motherhood instead of what they believed to be the sacred but horrific biological reality of human reproduction.
Improving the artificial diet for adult of seven spotted ladybird beetleCoccinella septempunctataL. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) with orthogonal design
Authors: Cheng Y. , Zhi J.R. , Li F.L. , Li W.H. , Zhou Y.H. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn this study, an orthogonal array design with 16 factors at two levels (216) was performed to develop an artificial diet rearing the adults of seven spotted ladybird beetleCoccinella septempunctata. The parameters of weight gain and survival rate of adults, preoviposition period, fecundity and hatching rate of diet-fed adults were monitored. The 16 factors were included: pork liver, infant formula, sucrose, olive oil, yolk, corn oil, yeast powder, cholesterol, casein, casein hydrolysate, vitamin powder, 65% juvenile hormone III, protein powder, vitamin E, honey and pumpkin. Results indicated that pork liver, sucrose, yolk, yeast powder, juvenile hormone, pumpkin and honey were the main ingredients of the artificial diet contributing to weight gain and survival rate of adults, preoviposition period, fecundity and hatching rate. A follow-up fed with a selection of improved formulas confirmed the validity of the optimization as predicted by the orthogonal array analysis, indicating the usefulness of this method for selecting artificial diets forC. septempunctata. The weight gain and fecundity of adults reared on the improved artificial diet were 87.46 and 62.70% of those reared onAphis craccivora; the survival rate and hatch rate were similar between the diet-fed and aphid-fed, while the preoviposition period was significantly shorter forC. septempunctatafed on the diet than onA. craccivora. The latter formula was superior to any formerly developed formulas and may thus have potential for the improved artificial diet mass rearing ofC. septempunctata.
The effect of winter length on duration of dormancy and survival of specialized herbivorous Rhagoletis fruit flies from high elevation environments with acyclic climatic variability
Authors: Rull J. , Tadeo E. , Lasa R. , Aluja M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDormancy can be defined as a state of suppressed development allowing insects to cope with adverse conditions and plant phenology. Among specialized herbivorous insects exploiting seasonal resources, diapause frequently evolves as a strategy to adjust to predictable plant seasonal cycles. To cope with acyclic and unpredictable climatic events, it has been found for some insects that a proportion of the population undergoes prolonged dormancy. We compared the response of three species in the Rhagoletis cingulata species group exploiting plants differing in fruiting phenology from environments varying in frequency and timing of acyclic climatic catastrophic events (frost during flowering and fruit set) and varying also in the time of the onset of the rainy season. Small proportions (<2%) of Central and Northeastern Mexico R. cingulata and Rhagoletis turpiniae, and a few associated adult parasitoids, emerged without becoming dormant. Pupae exposed to 5°C for different periods of time (0–16 weeks) became dormant and emerged as adults in proportions <30%, compared with other studied species in the group from the USA (up to 80%). Large proportions (19–55%) of exposed pupae entered prolonged dormancy (>10 months), and large proportions of pupae died without emerging as adults. The number of days elapsed from the end of artificial winter and adult eclosion was longer for R. cingulata exploiting late fruiting Prunus serotina in Northeastern Mexico than for flies recovered from earlier fruiting plants in the central Altiplano. Rhagoletis turpiniae and northeastern R. cingulata pupae suffered high proportions of parasitism. Large proportions of R. cingulata from central Mexico engaging in prolonged dormancy may be explained by the fact that flowering and fruit set for its host, P. serotina var capuli, driven by the timing of maximum precipitation, matches a period of highest probability of frost often resulting in large areas with fruitless trees at unpredictable time intervals. As a consequence of differences in host plant fruiting phenology, central and northeastern Mexican R. cingulata were found to be allochronically isolated. Prolonged dormancy may have resulted in escape from parasitism.
Mass spectrometry as a versatile ancillary technique for the rapidin situidentification of lichen metabolites directly from TLC plates
Authors: LE POGAM Pierre , PILLOT Aline , LOHEZIC-LE DEVEHAT Françoise , LE LAMER Anne-Cécile , LEGOUIN Béatrice , GADEA Alice , SAUVAGER Aurélie , ERTZ Damien , BOUSTIE Joël 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThin-layer chromatography (TLC) still enjoys widespread popularity among lichenologists as one of the fastest and simplest analytical strategies, today remaining the primary method of assessing the secondary product content of lichens. The pitfalls associated with this approach are well known as TLC leads to characterizing compounds by comparison with standards rather than properly identifying them, which might lead to erroneous assignments, accounting for the long-held interest in hyphenating TLC with dedicated identification tools. As such, commercially available TLC/Mass Spectrometry (MS) interfaces can be easily connected to any brand of mass spectrometer without adjustments. The spots of interest are extracted from the TLC plate to retrieve mass spectrometric signals within one minute, thereby ensuring accurate identification of the chromatographed substances. The results of this hyphenated strategy for lichens are presented here by 1) describing the TLC migration and direct MS analysis of single lichen metabolites of various structural classes, 2) highlighting it through the chemical profiling of crude acetone extracts of a set of lichens of known chemical composition, and finally 3) applying it to a lichen of unknown profile,Usnea trachycarpa.
Transnational families and the circulation of care: a Romanian–German case study
Authors: SCHRÖDER-BUTTERFILL ELISABETH , SCHONHEINZ JULIA 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTThis article contributes to our understanding of transnational family relationships and the circulation of care. We are interested in understanding how large-scale emigration affects the support and care of older people in the origin country. Using in-depth interviews and participant observation, we examine the significance of transnational family support for older people, and the ways in which migrant children and other kin care for elderly relatives from afar. Our case study is of the Transylvanian Saxons, a German-speaking minority in Romania, who experienced mass-exodus to Germany following the end of socialism in 1990. The lapse of time since the exodus allows us to examine how transnational family practices evolve, and what the challenges are to maintaining family-hood over time and distance. Contrary to expectations, we find that material family support from Germany to Romania is not significant and has declined. Care, by contrast, remains an important part of what most transnational families provide, although practices of ‘caring about’ are more prevalent than hands-on ‘caring for’. Counter to optimistic accounts of transnational family care in the literature, we argue that the difficulties and challenges for older people of being cared for by distant family members are fundamental, and strong transnational family ties are not an inevitable outcome of migration.
Strains, functions and dynamics in the expanded Human Microbiome Project
Authors: Lloyd-Price Jason , Mahurkar Anup , Rahnavard Gholamali , Crabtree Jonathan , Orvis Joshua , Hall A. Brantley , Brady Arthur , Creasy Heather H. , McCracken Carrie , Giglio Michelle G. , McDonald Daniel , Franzosa Eric A. , Knight Rob , White Owen , Huttenhower Curtis 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The characterization of baseline microbial and functional diversity in the human microbiome has enabled studies of microbiome-related disease, diversity, biogeography, and molecular function. The National Institutes of Health Human Microbiome Project has provided one of the broadest such characterizations so far. Here we introduce a second wave of data from the study, comprising 1,631 new metagenomes (2,355 total) targeting diverse body sites with multiple time points in 265 individuals. We applied updated profiling and assembly methods to provide new characterizations of microbiome personalization. Strain identification revealed subspecies clades specific to body sites; it also quantified species with phylogenetic diversity under-represented in isolate genomes. Body-wide functional profiling classified pathways into universal, human-enriched, and body site-enriched subsets. Finally, temporal analysis decomposed microbial variation into rapidly variable, moderately variable, and stable subsets. This study furthers our knowledge of baseline human microbial diversity and enables an understanding of personalized microbiome function and dynamics.
Correlation induced electron-hole asymmetry in quasi- two-dimensional iridates
Authors: Pärschke Ekaterina M. , Wohlfeld Krzysztof , Foyevtsova Kateryna , van den Brink Jeroen 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe resemblance of crystallographic and magnetic structures of the quasi-two-dimensional iridates Ba2IrO4 and Sr2IrO4 to La2CuO4 points at an analogy to cuprate high-Tc superconductors, even if spin-orbit coupling is very strong in iridates. Here we examine this analogy for the motion of a charge (hole or electron) added to the antiferromagnetic ground state. We show that correlation effects render the hole and electron case in iridates very different. An added electron forms a spin polaron, similar to the cuprates, but the situation of a removed electron is far more complex. Many-body 5d4 configurations form which can be singlet and triplet states of total angular momentum that strongly affect the hole motion. This not only has ramifications for the interpretation of (inverse–)photoemission experiments but also demonstrates that correlation physics renders electron- and hole-doped iridates fundamentally different.
Predicting metabolic adaptation from networks of mutational paths
Authors: Josephides Christos , Swain Peter S. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractCompetition for substrates is a ubiquitous selection pressure faced by microbes, yet intracellular trade-offs can prevent cells from metabolizing every type of available substrate. Adaptive evolution is constrained by these trade-offs, but their consequences for the repeatability and predictability of evolution are unclear. Here we develop an eco-evolutionary model with a metabolic trade-off to generate networks of mutational paths in microbial communities and show that these networks have descriptive and predictive information about the evolution of microbial communities. We find that long-term outcomes, including community collapse, diversity, and cycling, have characteristic evolutionary dynamics that determine the entropy, or repeatability, of mutational paths. Although reliable prediction of evolutionary outcomes from environmental conditions is difficult, graph-theoretic properties of the mutational networks enable accurate prediction even from incomplete observations. In conclusion, we present a novel methodology for analyzing adaptive evolution and report that the dynamics of adaptation are a key variable for predictive success.