bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Memorializing the Wars of Religion in Early Seventeenth-Century French Picture Galleries: Protestants and Catholics Painting the Contested Past
Authors: van der Linden David 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis article examines how Protestant and Catholic elites in early seventeenth-century France memorialized the Wars of Religion in purpose-built picture galleries. Postwar France remained a divided nation, and portrait galleries offered a sectarian memory of the conflict, glorifying party heroes. Historical picture galleries, on the other hand, promoted a shared memory of the wars, focusing on King Henry IV’s successful campaign against the Catholic League to unite the kingdom. This article argues that postwar elites made a sincere effort to manage religious tensions by allowing partisan memories to circulate in private while promoting a consensual memory in public.
Meta-analytic framework for liquid association
Authors: Wang Lin , Liu Silvia , Ding Ying , Yuan Shin-sheng , Ho Yen-Yi , Tseng George C 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMotivationAlthough coexpression analysis via pair-wise expression correlation is popularly used to elucidate gene-gene interactions at the whole-genome scale, many complicated multi-gene regulations require more advanced detection methods. Liquid association (LA) is a powerful tool to detect the dynamic correlation of two gene variables depending on the expression level of a third variable (LA scouting gene). LA detection from single transcriptomic study, however, is often unstable and not generalizable due to cohort bias, biological variation and limited sample size. With the rapid development of microarray and NGS technology, LA analysis combining multiple gene expression studies can provide more accurate and stable results.ResultsIn this article, we proposed two meta-analytic approaches for LA analysis (MetaLA and MetaMLA) to combine multiple transcriptomic studies. To compensate demanding computing, we also proposed a two-step fast screening algorithm for more efficient genome-wide screening: bootstrap filtering and sign filtering. We applied the methods to five Saccharomyces cerevisiae datasets related to environmental changes. The fast screening algorithm reduced 98% of running time. When compared with single study analysis, MetaLA and MetaMLA provided stronger detection signal and more consistent and stable results. The top triplets are highly enriched in fundamental biological processes related to environmental changes. Our method can help biologists understand underlying regulatory mechanisms under different environmental exposure or disease states.Availability and ImplementationA MetaLA R package, data and code for this article are available at http://tsenglab.biostat.pitt.edu/software.htmSupplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Association of Catastrophic Neonatal Outcomes With Increased Rate of Subsequent Cesarean Deliveries
Authors: Dan Ohad , Hochner-Celnikier Drorith , Solnica Amy , Loewenstein Yonatan 
Published: March 2017

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate whether full-term deliveries resulting in neonates diagnosed with hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy are associated with a significant increase in the rate of subsequent unscheduled cesarean deliveries.

METHODS:
We conducted a retrospective chart review study and examined all deliveries in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Hadassah University Hospital, Mt. Scopus campus, Jerusalem, Israel, during 2009–2014. We reviewed all cases of hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy in singleton, term, liveborn neonates and identified seven such cases, three of which were attributed to obstetric mismanagement and four that were not. We measured the rate of unscheduled cesarean deliveries before and after the events and their respective hazard ratio.

RESULTS:
Before a mismanaged delivery resulting in hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy, the baseline rate of unscheduled cesarean deliveries was approximately 80 unscheduled cesarean deliveries for every 1,000 deliveries. In the first 4 weeks immediately after each of the three identified cases, there was a significant increase in the rate of unscheduled cesarean deliveries by an additional 48 unscheduled cesarean deliveries per 1,000 deliveries (95% confidence interval [CI] 27–70/1,000). This increase was transient and lasted approximately 4 weeks. We estimated that each case was associated with approximately 17 additional unscheduled cesarean deliveries (95% CI 8–27). There was no increase in the rate of unscheduled cesarean deliveries in cases of hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy that were not associated with mismanagement.

CONCLUSION:
The increase in the rate of unscheduled cesarean deliveries after a catastrophic neonatal outcome may result in short-term changes in obstetricians' risk evaluation.
Predictors of Low Uptake of Prenatal Tetanus Toxoid, Reduced Diphtheria Toxoid, and Acellular Pertussis Immunization in Privately Insured Women in the United States
Authors: Butler Anne M. , Layton J. Bradley , Li Dongmei , Hudgens Michael G. , Boggess Kim A. , McGrath Leah J. , Weber David J. , Becker-Dreps Sylvia 
Published: March 2017

OBJECTIVE:
To examine the uptake of prenatal tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) immunization among pregnant women in the United States.

METHODS:
Using MarketScan data, we conducted a historical cohort study among pregnant women with employer-based commercial insurance in the United States who delivered between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2014. We examined temporal trends of uptake, predictors of uptake, and timing of Tdap immunization.

RESULTS:
Among 1,222,384 eligible pregnancies in 1,147,711 women, receipt of prenatal Tdap immunization increased from 0.0% of women who delivered in January 2010 to 9.8% who delivered in October 2012 (the date of the recommendation by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices for Tdap during every pregnancy) to 44.4% who delivered in December 2014. Among women who received Tdap during pregnancy, the majority were immunized between 27 weeks and 36 6/7 weeks of gestation per the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommendation. In multivariable analyses among women who delivered between November 2012 and December 2014, rates of prenatal Tdap immunization were lower for women younger than 25 years of age (eg, 20–24 compared with 30–34 years rate ratio [RR] 0.83, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.85–0.88), with other children (eg, three compared with zero children: RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.84–0.88), residing in the South compared with the Midwest (RR 0.81, 95% CI 0.80–0.82), or with emergency department visits in early pregnancy (RR 0.93, 95% CI 0.92–0.95). The proportion of pregnant women who received prenatal Tdap increased with increasing gestational age at birth.

CONCLUSION:
By the end of 2014, fewer than half of pregnant women in the United States were receiving prenatal Tdap immunization. Implementation and dissemination strategies are needed to increase Tdap coverage among pregnant women, especially those who are young, have other children, or reside in the South.
Missed Opportunities for Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Scott Gwendolyn B. , Brogly Susan B. , Muenz Daniel , Stek Alice M. , Read Jennifer S. ,   for the International Maternal Pediatric Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials Group (IMPAACT) P1025 Study Team
Published: March 2017

OBJECTIVE:
To identify missed opportunities for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

METHODS:
Data regarding HIV-infected children born between 2002 and 2009 to HIV-infected women enrolled in the U.S. International Maternal Pediatric Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials prospective cohort study (protocol P1025) were reviewed. The characteristics of the HIV-infected infants and their mothers and the mothers' clinical management are described.

RESULTS:
Twelve cases of mother-to-child transmission of HIV occurred among 1,857 liveborn neonates, for a prevalence of 0.65 per 100 live births to HIV-infected women (95% confidence interval 0.33–1.13). Four transmissions occurred in utero, three were peripartum transmissions, and the timing of transmission for five neonates was unable to be determined. None were breastfed. Seven women had plasma viral loads greater than 400 copies/mL near delivery. Six women had less than 11 weeks of antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy; three of these women had premature deliveries. One woman received no antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy because she was diagnosed with HIV postpartum. Six had poor to moderate adherence to antiretroviral therapy. Four of the five mothers with viral loads greater than 1,000 copies/mL delivered preterm neonates. There were five women who delivered by cesarean; four were nonelective cesarean deliveries and only one was an elective cesarean delivery for HIV prevention.

CONCLUSION:
Despite access to high-level care and follow-up, a small proportion of HIV-infected women transmitted the virus to their neonates. This case series provides insight into factors contributing to HIV perinatal transmission and can inform the development of new strategies for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION:
ClinicalTrials.gov, https://clinicaltrials.gov, NCT00028145.
Intrauterine Hyperoxemia and Risk of Neonatal Morbidity
Authors: Raghuraman Nandini , Temming Lorene A. , Stout Molly J. , Macones George A. , Cahill Alison G. , Tuuli Methodius G. 
Published: March 2017

OBJECTIVE:
To test the hypothesis that intrauterine hyperoxemia is associated with an increased risk of neonatal morbidity.

METHODS:
This was a secondary analysis of a prospective study of singleton, nonanomalous deliveries at or beyond 37 weeks of gestation at an institution with a universal umbilical cord gas policy from 2010 to 2014. The primary outcome was a composite of neonatal morbidity including neonatal death, meconium aspiration syndrome, intubation, mechanical ventilation, hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy, and hypothermic therapy. Intrauterine hyperoxemia was defined as umbilical vein partial pressure of oxygen 90th percentile or greater of the cohort. Adjusted relative risks (RRs) were estimated for neonatal morbidity controlling for confounders. Analysis was performed for the entire cohort and stratified by the presence of acidemia defined as umbilical artery pH less than 7.1.

RESULTS:
Of 7,789 patients with validated paired cord gases, 106 (1.4%) had the composite neonatal morbidity. There was no difference in composite neonatal morbidity in patients with and without intrauterine hyperoxemia in the entire cohort (1.5% compared with 1.3%, adjusted RR 1.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.9–2.7). The rate of acidemia was not significantly different in the two groups (1.9% compared with 1.8%, adjusted RR 1.5, 95% CI 0.9–2.5). In stratified analysis, there was evidence of effect modification (P for interaction <.001) with a significant association between intrauterine hyperoxemia and neonatal morbidity in the presence of acidemia (41.2% compared with 21.4%, adjusted RR 2.3, 95% CI 1.1–3.5), but not in its absence (0.8% compared with 1.0%, adjusted RR 1.0, 95% CI 0.5–2.2).

CONCLUSION:
Intrauterine hyperoxemia, compared with normoxemia, is associated with a small but significantly increased risk of neonatal morbidity in acidemic neonates.
Route of Delivery in Women With Stillbirth
Authors: Boyle Annelee , Preslar Jessica P. , Hogue Carol J. R. , Silver Robert M. , Reddy Uma M. , Goldenberg Robert L. , Stoll Barbara J. , Varner Michael W. , Conway Deborah L. , Saade George R. , Bukowski Radek , Dudley Donald J. 
Published: March 2017

OBJECTIVE:
To describe delivery management of singleton stillbirths in a population-based, multicenter case series.

METHODS:
We conducted a retrospective chart review of 611 women with singleton stillbirths at 20 weeks of gestation or greater from March 2006 to September 2008. Medical and delivery information was abstracted from medical records. Both antepartum and intrapartum stillbirths were included; these were analyzed both together and separately. The primary outcome was mode of delivery. Secondary outcomes included induction of labor and indications for cesarean delivery. Indications for cesarean delivery were classified as obstetric (abnormal fetal heart tracing before intrapartum demise, abruption, coagulopathy, uterine rupture, placenta previa, or labor dystocia) or nonobstetric (patient request, repeat cesarean delivery, or not documented).

RESULTS:
Of the 611 total cases of stillbirth, 93 (15.2%) underwent cesarean delivery, including 43.0% (46/107) of women with prior cesarean delivery and 9.3% (47/504) of women without prior cesarean delivery. No documented obstetric indication was evident for 38.3% (18/47) of primary and 78.3% (36/46) of repeat cesarean deliveries. Labor induction resulted in vaginal delivery for 98.5% (321/326) of women without prior cesarean delivery and 91.1% (41/45) of women with a history of prior cesarean delivery, including two women who had uterine rupture. Among women with a history of prior cesarean delivery who had spontaneous labor, 74.1% (20/27) delivered vaginally, with no cases of uterine rupture.

CONCLUSION:
Women with stillbirth usually delivered vaginally regardless of whether labor was spontaneous or induced or whether they had a prior cesarean delivery. However, 15% underwent cesarean delivery, often without a documented obstetric indication.
Use of analgesics in young adults as a predictor of health care utilization and pain prevalence: Israel defense forces experience
Authors: Dorfman Karina , Komargodski Olga , Magnezi Racheli , Lifshitz Stanislav , Tzur Dorit , Yavnai Nirit , Ifergane Gal 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Pain evaluation in large community studies is difficult. Analgesics can be a useful tool in estimating pain-related conditions in which analgesic use is highly regulated. In this study, we evaluated analgesics consumption patterns of regular Israel Defense Force soldiers. We have performed a historical cohort study of 665,137 young adults during active duty in 2002 to 2012. Analgesics were prescribed to 518,242 (78%) soldiers, mostly for musculoskeletal pain (69.3%), abdominal pain (12.7%), and headache (12.1%). Acute (1-14 days), subacute (15-90), and chronic (>90 days) analgesic use episodes were experienced by 396,987 (59.7%), 74,591 (11.2%), and 46,664 (7%) of the population. In a multivariate model, predictors for chronic analgesics use were as follows: low intelligence, service in a combat supporting unit, previous pain diagnosis, male sex, Israeli nativity, low socioeconomic status, and high body mass index. Low intelligence had the highest odds ratio for chronic analgesic consumption (2.1) compared with other predictors. Chronic analgesic use was associated with a significant increase in health care utilization cost per year (911$ per soldier vs 199$ for nonusers), increased sick leave days per year (7.09 vs 0.67 for nonusers), and higher dropout rate from combat units (25% vs 9.2% for nonusers). Chronic use of analgesics is common among young adults, and it is an important predictor for unsuccessful military service and high health care utilization costs. Further studies in other setups are indicated.
Analgesic use in pregnancy and male reproductive development
Authors: Hurtado-Gonzalez Pablo , Mitchell Rod T. 
Published: March 2017

Purpose of review
Male reproductive disorders are common and increasing in incidence in many countries. Environmental factors (including pharmaceuticals) have been implicated in the development of these disorders. This review aims to summarize the emerging epidemiological and experimental evidence for a potential role of in-utero exposure to analgesics in the development of male reproductive disorders.

Recent findings
A number of epidemiological studies have demonstrated an association between in utero exposure to analgesics and the development of cryptorchidism, although these findings are not consistent across all studies. Where present, these associations primarily relate to exposure during the second trimester of pregnancy. In vivo and in vitro experimental studies have demonstrated variable effects of exposure to analgesics on Leydig cell function in the fetal testis of rodents, particularly in terms of testosterone production. These effects frequently involve exposures that are in excess of those to which humans are exposed. Investigation of the effects of analgesics on human fetal testis have also demonstrated effects on Leydig cell function. Variation in species, model system, dosage and timing of exposure is likely to contribute to differences in the findings between studies.

Summary
There is increasing evidence for analgesic effects on the developing testis that have the potential to impair male reproductive function. However, the importance of these findings in relation to human-relevant exposures and the risk of male reproductive disorders remain unclear.
The Use of a Triage-Based Protocol for Oral Rehydration in a Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Hendrickson Marissa A. , Zaremba Jennifer , Wey Andrew R. , Gaillard Philippe R. , Kharbanda Anupam B. 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundGuidelines recommend oral rehydration therapy (ORT) and avoidance of laboratory tests and intravenous fluids for mild to moderate dehydration in children with gastroenteritis; oral ondansetron has been shown to be an effective adjunct.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine if a triage-based, nurse-initiated protocol for early provision of ondansetron and ORT could safely improve the care of pediatric emergency department (ED) patients with symptoms of gastroenteritis.MethodsThis study evaluated a protocol prompting triage nurses to assess dehydration in gastroenteritis patients and initiate ondansetron and ORT if indicated. Otherwise well patients aged 6 months to 5 years with symptoms of gastroenteritis were eligible. Prospective postintervention data were compared with retrospective, preintervention control subjects.ResultsOne hundred twenty-eight (81 postintervention and 47 preintervention) patients were analyzed; average age was 2.1 years. Ondansetron use increased from 36% to 75% (P< 0.001). Time to ondansetron decreased from 60 minutes to 30 minutes (P= 0.004). Documented ORT increased from 51% to 100% (P< 0.001). Blood testing decreased from 37% to 21% (P= 0.007); intravenous fluid decreased from 23% to 9% (P= 0.03). Fifty-two percent of postintervention patients were discharged with prescriptions for ondansetron. There were no significant changes in ED length of stay, admissions, or unscheduled return to care.ConclusionsA triage nurse–initiated protocol for early use of oral ondansetron and ORT in children with evidence of gastroenteritis is associated with increased and earlier use of ondansetron and ORT and decreased use of IV fluids and blood testing without lengthening ED stays or increasing rates of admission or unscheduled return to care.
Statin-Associated Autoimmune Myopathy
Authors: Nazir Salik , Lohani Saroj , Tachamo Niranjan , Poudel Dilliram , Donato Anthony 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundStatins are a group of drugs that reduce the levels of triglycerides and cholesterol in blood by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme involved in rate limiting step in cholesterol synthesis. About 2–20% patients on statins develop toxic myopathies, which usually resolve on discontinuation of statin. More recently, an immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy has been found to be associated with statin use which in most cases requires treatment with immunosuppressants.ObjectiveTo perform a systematic review on published case reports and case series of statin-associated autoimmune myopathy.MethodsA comprehensive search of PUBMED, EMBASE, Cochrane library and ClinicalTrials.gov databases was performed for relevant articles from inception until March 19, 2016 to identify cases of statin-associated necrotizing myopathy and characterize their symptoms, evaluation and response to treatment.ResultsA total of 16 articles describing 100 patients with statin-associated autoimmune myopathy were identified. The mean age of presentation was 64.72 years, and 54.44% were males. The main presenting clinical feature was proximal muscle weakness, which was symmetric in 83.33% of patients. The mean creatine kinase (CK) was 6853 IU/l. Anti-HMG-CoA reductase antibody was positive in all cases tested (n = 57/57, 100%). In patients with no anti-HMG-CoA antibody results, diagnosis was established by findings of necrotizing myopathy on biopsy. Among the 83 cases where muscle biopsy information was available, 81.48% had necrosis, while 18.51% had combination of necrosis and inflammation. Most (83.82%) patients received two or more immunosuppressants to induce remission. Ninety-one percent had resolution of symptoms after treatment.ConclusionStatin-associated necrotizing myopathy is a symmetric proximal muscle weakness associated with extreme elevations of CK. It is common in males and can occur after months of statin use. It is associated with necrosis on muscle biopsy and the presence of anti-HMG-CoA reductase antibodies. It usually requires discontinuation and immune suppression for resolution. Rechallenge with statin is unsuccessful in most cases.
Use of Hydroxychloroquine Is Associated With Improved Lipid Profile in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
Authors: Restrepo Jose Felix , del Rincon Inmaculada , Molina Emily , Battafarano Daniel F. , Escalante Agustin 
Published: March 2017

Background/PurposeWe examined the association between hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and plasma lipid and glucose levels in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) cohort.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort analysis of 1261 RA patients comparing fasting lipid profiles and plasma glucose between patients who were and were not taking HCQ. We divided patients into 3 groups based on HCQ exposure during follow-up: those who had never taken HCQ, those who took it intermittently, and those who took it continuously. We used multivariable models and propensity scoring to compensate for the effect of nonrandom treatment assignment.ResultsWe followed 1261 RA patients for a total of 4605 observations between 1996 and 2014. After adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, other disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), lipid-lowering medications, body mass index (BMI), and smoking, patients taking HCQ at baseline had significantly lower total cholesterol (TC) (P≤ 0.001), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (P≤ 0.001), triglycerides (P= 0.013), and lipid profile ratios TC/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (P≤ 0.001) and LDL/HDL (P≤ 0.001), as well as higher HDL (P≤ 0.001).In longitudinal analyses, after adjusting for confounders, patients who continuously took HCQ showed significantly lower TC, LDL, TC/HDL, and LDL/HDL and higher HDL (P≤ 0.01). Fasting plasma glucose levels were not significantly associated with HCQ exposure.ConclusionsHydroxychloroquine use was associated with lower lipid levels but not with the plasma glucose in this RA cohort. These findings support the need for a randomized trial to establish the role of HCQ in cardiovascular disease prevention in RA patients.