bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the role of the corpus callosum in interhemispheric functional connectivity in humans
Authors: Roland Jarod L. , Snyder Abraham Z. , Hacker Carl D. , Mitra Anish , Shimony Joshua S. , Limbrick David D. , Raichle Marcus E. , Smyth Matthew D. , Leuthardt Eric C. 
Published: November 2017

Significance
The relation between structural and functional connectivity has profound implications for our understanding of cerebral physiology and cognitive neuroscience. Yet, this relation remains incompletely understood. Cases in which the corpus callosum is sectioned for medical reasons provide a unique opportunity to study this question. We report functional connectivity assessed before and after surgical section of the corpus callosum, including multiyear follow-up in a limited subsample. Our results demonstrate a causal role for the corpus callosum in maintaining functional connectivity between the hemispheres. Additionally, comparison of results obtained in complete vs. partial callosotomy demonstrate that polysynaptic connections also play a role in maintaining interhemispheric functional connectivity.
Evaluative language in medical discourse
Authors: Bellés-Fortuño Begoña 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAcademic spoken discourse has been a dominant issue for discourse studies researchers for the last 25 years or so. Different spoken academic genres have been analysed (Swales, 1990,2004;Berkenkotter and Huckin, 1995;Bhatia, 2001,2002;Mauranen, 2001;Juzwik, 2004;Crawford-Camiciottoli, 2004,2007; among others) thanks to the compilation and the easy access to electronic spoken corpora. This study focuses on the genre of lecture as “the central ritual of the culture of learning” (Benson, 1994) in higher education. Here, I analyse the use of evaluative language in medical discourse lectures. A contrastive study between Spanish and English medical lectures is carried out. To my knowledge, little attention has been paid to the analysis of evaluative language in medical discourse. The present study employs a quantitative and a qualitative approach to analyse four Spanish and English medical discourse lectures with an average of 35,000 words. The English lectures have been taken from the Michigan Corpus of Academic and Spoken English (MICASE) and the Spanish lectures have been recorded and transcribed in the Degree in Medicine course at a Spanish university for the purpose of this study. Corpus analysis tools have been used to analyse attitudinal language expressing explicit evaluation. The findings show similarities and also differences in the use of evaluative markers in academic medical discourse.
Cryogenic flow rate measurement with a laser Doppler velocimetry standard
Authors: Maury R , Strzelecki A , Auclercq C , Lehot Y , Loubat S , Chevalier J , Ben Rayana F , Olsen Å A F , Chupin G 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
A very promising alternative to the state-of-the-art static volume measurements for liquefied natural gas (LNG) custody transfer processes is the dynamic principle of flow metering. As the Designated Institute (DI) of the LNE (‘Laboratoire National de métrologie et d’Essais’, being the French National Metrology Institute) for high-pressure gas flow metering, Cesame–Exadebit is involved in various research and development programs. Within the framework of the first (2010–2013) and second (2014–2017) EURAMET Joint Research Project (JRP), named ‘Metrological support for LNG custody transfer and transport fuel applications’, Cesame–Exadebit explored a novel cryogenic flow metering technology using laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) as an alternative to ultrasonic and Coriolis flow metering.
Cesame–Exadebit is trying to develop this technique as a primary standard for cryogenic flow meters. Currently, cryogenic flow meters are calibrated at ambient temperatures with water. Results are then extrapolated to be in the Reynolds number range of real applications. The LDV standard offers a unique capability to perform online calibration of cryogenic flow meters in real conditions (temperature, pressure, piping and real flow disturbances). The primary reference has been tested on an industrial process in a LNG terminal during truck refuelling. The reference can calibrate Coriolis flow meters being used daily with all the real environmental constraints, and its utilisation is transparent for LNG terminal operators.
The standard is traceable to Standard International units and the combined extended uncertainties have been determined and estimated to be lower than 0.6% (an ongoing improvement to reducing the correlation function uncertainty, which has a major impact in the uncertainty estimation).
Studying third-parties and environments: New Zealand sun-safety research
Authors: Gage Ryan , Leung William , Stanley James , Reeder Anthony , Mackay Christina , Chambers Tim , Smith Moira , Barr Michelle , Signal Louise 
Published: November 2017

Summary
Wearable cameras have been used to study health behaviours, but their utility in assessing third-party behaviours and the built environment is uncertain. This paper reports on the feasibility of using wearable cameras for this purpose in a study of sun-protective behaviours and shade availability during school lunch-breaks. The Kids’Cam study provided 168 children (aged 11–13 years), recruited from 16 randomly selected schools in the Wellington region of New Zealand, with wearable cameras. The devices automatically captured images every 7 s from the child’s perspective. Images captured during school lunch-breaks by a random sample of 15 children who took part during terms 4 and 1 (October 2014–April 2015) were selected and assessed for usability. The feasibility of studying third-party sun-protective behaviours and school shade availability was assessed for a subset of 320 images. Of the 3492 eligible lunch-break images, 96.4% were useable; the remainders were excluded due to obstruction, blurriness or unsuitable camera position. Overall, 1278 children and 108 shade structures were observed in the sample images. The use of shade, hats, sleeves, collars and sunglasses could be determined for 97.0%, 77.2%, 74.4%, 47.6% and 54.9% of children, respectively. All shade structures could be classified according to type, and canopy composition could be assessed for 95.4% of structures. Wearable cameras are a feasible tool for assessing sun-safety, particularly shade availability, hat wearing and shade use. This methodology could be used to objectively study other third-party health-related behaviours, and other features of the built environment.
Bio-inspired superwettable materials: an interview with Lei Jiang
Authors: Zhao Weijie 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Scientists have been aware of the phenomenon of superwettability for more than two centuries. In 1805, British scientist Thomas Young introduced the concept of the contact angle to evaluate the wettability of liquid on a solid material surface. Superwettable materials have only become a fast-developing research area over the past two decades, with scientists beginning to investigate and mimic the micro-/nanostructures of natural superwettable materials. Elucidation of the micro-/nanostructures of natural superwettable materials, from superhydrophobic lotus leaves and superhydrophilic spider silk to superoleophobic (oil-repelling) fish scales, has greatly propelled the development of this field. Superwettable materials have found wide applications such as liquid–liquid separation, sensors and energy conversion devices. Lei Jiang, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, a fellow of The World Academy of Sciences (TWAS) and a foreign member of the US National Academy of Engineering, is a pioneer in the field of bio-inspired superwettable materials. He proposed the ‘binary cooperative complementary principle’ that nanoscale structural arrangements of two materials with complementary properties can result in functional macroscopic materials, which provided a framework for the design of superwettable materials. In this recent NSR interview, Jiang discussed the theory and applications of this field over the past two decades, and reflected upon innovative scientific research in general.
Fluency in Nursing Education and Simulation: A Concept Analysis
Authors: Lewis Audra 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

AIM
The aim of the study was to realign how nurses view simulation in nursing education as a means of facilitating fluency in knowledge and action to promote expertise in practice.

BACKGROUND
Nursing expertise is attained by translating complex phenomena across multiple representations and by constructing meaning through experience. Simulation provides learners the experiences necessary to develop fluency in thought and action.

METHOD
Procedures outlined by Hupcey and Penrod (2005) and Walker and Avant (2011) were used to identify uses, defining attributes, philosophical assumptions, contextual factors, and values of the concept.

RESULTS
Use of simulation to promote representational fluency in other disciplines fosters deep conceptual understanding and skillfulness, which prepares learners to perform with fluidity and expertise.

CONCLUSION
The association between representational fluency and simulation introduces nurse educators to a way of thinking about how novices learn to think and act like experts. Further research is recommended.
Clinical Evidence for Any Effect of Anesthesia on the Developing Brain
Authors: Davidson Andrew J. , Sun Lena S. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
A recent U.S. Food and Drug Administration warning advised that prolonged or repeated exposure to general anesthetics may affect neurodevelopment in children. This warning is based on a wealth of preclinical animal studies and relatively few human studies. The human studies include a variety of different populations with several different outcome measures. Interpreting the results requires consideration of the outcome used, the power of the study, the length of exposure and the efforts to reduce the confounding effects of comorbidity and surgery. Most, but not all, of the large population-based studies find evidence for associations between surgery in early childhood and slightly worse subsequent academic achievement or increased risk for later diagnosis of a behavioral disability. In several studies, the amount of added risk is very small; however, there is some evidence for a greater association with multiple exposures. These results may be consistent with the preclinical data, but the possibility of confounding means the positive associations can only be regarded as weak evidence for causation. Finally, there is strong evidence that brief exposure is not associated with any long term risk in humans.
Blistering and Skin Fragility Due to Imatinib Therapy: Loss of Laminin and Collagen IV as a Possible Cause of Cutaneous Basement Membrane Instability
Authors: Mühl Sebastian , Ehrchen Jan , Metze Dieter 
Published: November 2017

Abstract:
Imatinib mesylate (Glivec; Novartis AG, Basel, Switzerland) is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor which is used in the treatment of oncologic diseases like chronic myeloid leukemia and gastrointestinal stroma tumor (GIST). Among cutaneous side effects, bullous reactions are rare. The authors describe the case of a 66-year-old woman developing blistering and skin fragility on her hands, foot, lower legs, and back after intake of imatinib for treatment of GIST. Biopsy showed vacuolar alteration at the dermoepidermal junction (DEJ) associated with a few lymphocytes and a subepidermal blister. The upper papillary dermis below the vacuolar alteration and below the blister showed hyalinization and loss of elastic microfibrils. Direct immunofluorescence was negative for deposits of immunoglobulins. Immunofluorescence on cryosections revealed loss of laminin and collagen IV in vacuoles at the DEJ. Electron microscopy showed dissolution of lamina lucida and lamina densa of the basement membrane below as well as next to the vacuoles and blister. In conclusion, the authors present the first patient with GIST with blistering and skin fragility due to imatinib therapy. As a pathophysiological explanation the authors propose loss of laminin and collagen IV at the DEJ leading to basement membrane instability and blistering. This case also suggests additional features reminiscent of lichen sclerosus induced by imatinib, a drug which is actually known for its antifibrotic effects.
OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY OF THE FOVEAL AVASCULAR ZONE IN CHILDREN WITH A HISTORY OF TREATMENT-REQUIRING RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY
Authors: Nonobe Norie , Kaneko Hiroki , Ito Yasuki , Takayama Kei , Kataoka Keiko , Tsunekawa Taichi , Matsuura Toshiyuki , Suzumura Ayana , Shimizu Hideyuki , Terasaki Hiroko 
Published: November 2017

Purpose:
To examine the characteristics of the foveal vascular structure of patients with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) by optical coherence tomography angiography.

Methods:
Ten patients with a history of laser photocoagulation or cryopexy treatment for Stage 3 (Zone ≥ II) ROP and 10 normal subjects (controls) were included. Foveal avascular zone, vessel density, vessel length, and vascular diameter index were measured by optical coherence tomography angiography using the 3 × 3-mm Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) sectors.

Results:
The median foveal avascular zone values of the patients with ROP and controls were 0.103 mm2 and 0.260 mm2, respectively (P = 0.0025). The medians of the vessel density, vessel length, and vascular diameter index of the patients with ROP were 0.218 mm2/mm2, 11.75 mm/mm2, and 18.00 μm, respectively, in ETDRS Sector 1 and did not significantly differ from those of the controls (P = 0.940, 0.733, and 0.705, respectively). For the average of ETDRS Sectors 2 to 5, the medians of the vessel density, vessel length, and vascular diameter index for the patients with ROP were 0.347 mm2/mm2, 18.95 mm/mm2, and 18.28 μm, respectively; vessel density and vessel length were significantly smaller than those of the controls (P = 0.002 and 0.003, respectively), but there was no significant difference in vascular diameter index (P = 0.286).

Conclusion:
Optical coherence tomography angiography–guided foveal avascular zone was significantly smaller in patients with ROP than in controls. Our results indicate that foveal vascular development may be altered in patients with a history of treatment-requiring ROP.
CHARACTERIZATION AND CORRELATION OF “JAMPOL DOTS” ON ADAPTIVE OPTICS WITH FOVEAL GRANULARITY ON CONVENTIONAL FUNDUS IMAGING
Authors: Onishi Alex C. , Roberts Philipp K. , Jampol Lee M. , Nesper Peter L. , Fawzi Amani A. 
Published: November 2017

Purpose:
To describe features characteristic of multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS) using adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO).

Methods:
Six women (seven eyes) who presented with MEWDS between June 2014 and April 2017 underwent ophthalmologic examinations and multimodal imaging including infrared, AOSLO, and spectral domain optical coherence tomography.

Results:
Bright hyperreflective lesions on AOSLO throughout the course of MEWDS could be correlated to the hyperreflective dots of foveal granularity on infrared imaging without apparent corresponding changes on spectral domain optical coherence tomography. During the acute phase of MEWDS, extrafoveal hyperreflective dots were also visible on AOSLO and infrared and were associated with accumulations of hyperreflective material above the retinal pigment epithelium on spectral domain optical coherence tomography.

Conclusion:
Foveal granularity on conventional fundus imaging could be correlated with hyperreflective lesions visible on AOSLO. We hypothesize that these hyperreflective lesions, “Jampol dots,” are the foveal corollaries of the same process associated with the classic “dot” lesions in MEWDS. Based on the intact photoreceptor mosaic on AOSLO, we surmise that this material is accumulating at the level of the retinal pigment epithelium.
VASCULAR REMODELING OF CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION AFTER ANTI–VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR THERAPY VISUALIZED ON OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY
Authors: Miere Alexandra , Butori Pauline , Cohen Salomon Y. , Semoun Oudy , Capuano Vittorio , Jung Camille , Souied Eric H. 
Published: November 2017

Purpose:
To describe the qualitative and quantitative changes in choroidal neovascularization (CNV) flow pattern after anti–vascular endothelial growth factor therapy, by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Methods:
Consecutive patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration underwent multimodal imaging, including OCTA at initial examination and at last visit. High-flow networks in the choriocapillaris segmentation of OCTA were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed at baseline and at follow-up, to characterize vascular flow changes after anti–vascular endothelial growth factor treatment and to correlate these changes with final exudation signs on spectral domain optical coherence tomography.

Results:
Seventeen eyes were included. Mean follow-up was of 11.7 ± 3.3 months. Baseline images showed six medusa pattern (35.3%), four seafan pattern (23.5%), and seven indistinct network patterns (41.2%). Mean CNV area at baseline was 1.58 ± 1.72 mm2. Final OCTA images revealed a decrease in CNV total area of 21.6%. In 6/17 eyes, the baseline neovascular pattern was unchanged; these cases were associated with exudation at the final spectral domain optical coherence tomography examination (P = 0.034) and a decrease in CNV area of 34.1%. Conversely, in 11/17 eyes (64.7%), the initial pattern had changed to a pruned vascular tree pattern, with variable exudative status on spectral domain optical coherence tomography at the final visit and a decrease in total CNV area of 0.07%.

Conclusion:
The vascular flow remodeling induced by recurrent anti–vascular endothelial growth factor treatment can be assessed by OCTA. Optical coherence tomography angiography may help to accurately evaluate treatment response and to recognize patterns usually associated with recurrent exudative activity.
FAMILIAL CENTRAL SEROUS CHORIORETINOPATHY
Authors: van Dijk Elon H. C. , Schellevis Rosa L. , Breukink Myrte B. , Mohabati Danial , Dijkman Greet , Keunen Jan E. E. , Yzer Suzanne , den Hollander Anneke I. , Hoyng Carel B. , de Jong Eiko K. , Boon Camiel J. F. 
Published: November 2017

Purpose:
To assess ophthalmologic characteristics in patients and unaffected individuals in families with multiple members affected by central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC), both at presentation and long-term follow-up.

Methods:
In 103 subjects from 23 families with at least 2 affected patients with CSC per family, prospective extensive ophthalmologic examination was performed, including best-corrected visual acuity, indirect ophthalmoscopy, digital color fundus photography, optical coherence tomography, fundus autofluorescence, and fluorescein angiography imaging. From these, 24 individuals from 6 families had undergone extensive ophthalmologic examination in either 1994 or 1995 and were followed up in this study.

Results:
Subretinal fluid accumulation on optical coherence tomography and/or “hot spots” of leakage on fluorescein angiography indicative of CSC were detected in 45 of 103 phenotyped subjects (44%). Findings suggestive of CSC, but without the presence of subretinal fluid on optical coherence tomography and/or “hot spots” of leakage on fluorescein angiography, were observed in an additional 27 family members (26%). In 4 of 17 previously nonaffected subjects (24%) from the 24 individuals that were followed up after more than 20 years, we found more severe abnormalities.

Conclusion:
Extensive ophthalmologic phenotyping resulted in the detection of (suggestive) CSC in 52% of family members of patients with CSC. Genetic factors may play an important role in these specific CSC cases. Moreover, during follow-up, progressive disease can occur in a noteworthy number of patients.
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH SEROUS RETINAL DETACHMENT IN HIGHLY MYOPIC EYES WITH VERTICAL OVAL-SHAPED DOME
Authors: García-Ben Antonio , Sanchez María J. MORILLO , Gómez Ana GONZALEZ , García-Basterra Ignacio , García Antonio SOLER , García-Campos Jose M. 
Published: November 2017

Purpose:
This study investigated factors associated with persistent serous retinal detachment in highly myopic eyes with vertical oval-shaped domes.

Methods:
Twenty-eight highly myopic patients (40 eyes) with smooth macular elevations related to a vertical oval-shaped dome were recruited. Serous retinal detachment was investigated; 11 eyes had persistent submacular fluid (study group) and 29 eyes lacked submacular fluid (control group). All patients underwent complete ophthalmologic examinations, including axial-length measurement and fluorescein angiography. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography scans through the fovea measured choroidal thicknesses, macular bulge height, and vitreoretinal interface factors.

Results:
No studied variables (age, sex, spherical equivalence, axial length, vitreomacular traction, epiretinal membrane, and internal limiting membrane detachment) except higher macular bulge height (P = 0.03) and a reduced macular choroidal thickness (P = 0.02) were associated with the risk of serous retinal detachment. No statistically significant differences in best-corrected visual acuity were observed between the study and control groups. Serous retinal detachment always occurred at the top of the inward incurvation of the macula and was characterized by multiple hyperfluorescent granular patches on fluorescein angiography.

Conclusion:
A higher macular bulge height and a reduced macular choroidal thickness might be important factors in the development of serous retinal detachment in patients with vertical oval-shaped domes.
CORRELATION BETWEEN OUTER RETINAL THICKENING AND RETINAL FUNCTION IMPAIRMENT IN PATIENTS WITH IDIOPATHIC EPIRETINAL MEMBRANES
Authors: Cacciamani Andrea , Cosimi Pamela , Di Nicola Marta , Di Martino Giuseppe , Ripandelli Guido , Scarinci Fabio 
Published: November 2017

Purpose:
To examine the relationship between retinal layer thickness, retinal sensitivity, and visual function in patients with idiopathic epiretinal membrane using spectral domain optical coherence tomography automated segmentation algorithm.

Methods:
Twenty-four eyes with epiretinal membrane and 12 control eyes were enrolled. Ophthalmic evaluations included best-corrected visual acuity, mean retinal sensitivity (MRS) of radial 10° and 4° areas tested with microperimetry, and measurements of 4 retinal layer thicknesses by means spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Relations between retinal layer thickness, MRS, and best-corrected visual acuity values were explored.

Results:
Compared with controls, MRS (P < 0.001) and best-corrected visual acuity (P < 0.001) values were reduced. In the epiretinal membrane group, MRS of the central 4° values was associated with thickening of the outer nuclear layer (P < 0.05). Furthermore, a correlation was found between the inner nuclear layer thickening and the MRS of the central 4° limited to the inferior quadrant (P < 0.05). The decreased best-corrected visual acuity values were correlated with the thickening of three of four quadrant of the inner nuclear layer, inferior and temporal quadrants of the outer plexiform layer, and finally outer nuclear layer nasal quadrant.

Conclusion:
We found a meaningful correlation between MRS impairment of the central 4° and outer nuclear layer thickness and showed which intraretinal layers mainly contributes to visual acuity loss.