bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magma injection into a long‐lived reservoir to explain geodetically measured uplift: Application to the 2007–2014 unrest episode at Laguna del Maule volcanic field, Chile
Authors: Le Mével Hélène , Gregg Patricia M. , Feigl Kurt L. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMoving beyond the widely used kinematic models for the deformation sources, we present a new dynamic model to describe the process of injecting magma into an existing magma reservoir. To validate this model, we derive an analytical solution and compare its results to those calculated using the Finite Element Method. A Newtonian fluid characterized by its viscosity, density, and overpressure (relative to the lithostatic value) flows through a vertical conduit, intruding into a reservoir embedded in an elastic domain, leading to an increase in reservoir pressure and time‐dependent surface deformation. We apply our injection model to Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data from the ongoing unrest episode at Laguna del Maule (Chile) volcanic field that started in 2007. Using a grid search optimization, we minimize the misfit to the InSAR displacement data and vary the three parameters governing the analytical solution: the characteristic timescale τP for magma propagation, the maximum injection pressure, and the inflection time when the acceleration switches from positive to negative. For a spheroid with semimajor axis a = 6200 m, semiminor axis c = 100 m, located at a depth of 4.5 km in a purely elastic half‐space, the best fit to the InSAR displacement data occurs for τP=9.5 years and an injection pressure rising up to 11.5 MPa for 2 years. The volume flow rate increased to 1.2 m3/s for 2 years and then decreased to 0.7 m3/s in 2014. In 7.3 years, at least 187 × 106 m3 of magma was injected.
Subsurface Space‐Charge Dopant Segregation to Compensate Surface Excess Charge in a Perovskite Oxide
Authors: Chung Sung‐Yoon , Choi Si‐Young , Yoon Hye‐In , Kim Hye‐Sung , Bae Hyung Bin 
Published: July 2016

AbstractSince the first prediction by Frenkel, many follow‐up studies have been carried out to show the presence of subsurface space‐charge layers having the opposite sign to that of the excess charge at the surface, producing overall neutrality in ionic crystals. However, no precise experimental evidence demonstrating how the aliovalent solutes segregate in the space‐charge region beneath the surface has been provided over the past several decades. By utilizing atomic‐scale imaging and chemical probing in a perovskite oxide, the origin of the surface excess charge at the topmost surface and the position of segregated dopants in the space‐charge region is precisely determined. The impact of the space‐charge contribution to the dopant distribution near the surface in oxide crystals is explored.
Sr2+ induces unusually stable d(GGGTGGGTGGGTGGG) quadruplex dimers
Authors: Lomidze Levan , Kelley Sean , Gogichaishvili Shota , Metreveli Nunu , Musier‐Forsyth Karin , Kankia Besik 
Published: July 2016

AbstractGuanine‐rich sequences are able to form quadruplexes consisting of G‐quartet structural units. Quadruplexes play an important role in the regulation of gene expression and have therapeutic and biotechnological potential. The HIV‐1 integrase inhibitor, (GGGT)4, and its variants demonstrate unusually high thermal stability. This property has been exploited in the use of quadruplex formation to drive various endergonic reactions of nucleic acids such as isothermal DNA amplification. Quadruplex stability is mainly determined by cations, which specifically bind into the inner core of the structure. In the present work, we report a systematic study of a variant of the HIV‐1 integrase inhibitor, GGGTGGGTGGGTGGG (G3T), in the presence of alkali and alkaline‐earth cations. We show that Sr2+‐G3T is characterized by the highest thermal stability and that quadruplex formation requires only one Sr2+ ion that binds with low micromolar affinity. These concentrations are sufficient to drive robust isothermal quadruplex priming DNA amplification reaction. The Sr2+‐quadruplexes are also able to form unusually stable dimers through end‐to‐end stacking. The multimerization can be induced by a combination of quadruplex forming cations (i.e., K+ or Sr2+) and non‐specific Mg2+.
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding following transcatheter aortic valve replacement: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Stanger Dylan E. , Abdulla Alym H. , Wong Frank T. , Alipour Sina , Bressler Brian L. , Wood David A. , Webb John G. 
Published: July 2016

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to identify the incidence of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) in the postprocedural period following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).BackgroundAs TAVR moves into intermediate‐ and low‐risk patients, it has become increasingly important to understand its extracardiac complications. The patient population undergoing TAVR have clinical and demographic characteristics that place them at significant risk of UGIB. Practical aspects of TAVR, including use of antithrombotic therapy, further increase risk of UGIB.MethodsA retrospective single‐center evaluation of 841 patients who underwent TAVR between January 2005 and August 2014 was performed in conjunction with analysis of referral patterns to the gastroenterology service for UGIB at the same site.ResultsThe overall risk of UGIB following TAVR was found to be 2.0% (n = 17/841). Additionally, the risk of UGIB in patients receiving triple antithrombotic therapy was found to be 10‐fold greater than patients not receiving triple antithrombotic therapy (11.8% vs 1.0%). Endoscopy findings demonstrated five high‐risk esophageal lesions including erosive esophageal ulcers, visible vessels at the GE junction, erosions at distal esophagus, and an actively bleeding esophageal ring that had been intubated through by the transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) probe.ConclusionsThis large cohort study demonstrates that TAVR is associated with a moderate risk of severe UGIB. The results of this study suggest that patients on triple antithrombotic therapy are at highest risk for severe UGIB. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Resilient Yolk–Shell Silicon–Reduced Graphene Oxide/Amorphous Carbon Anode Material from a Synergistic Dual‐Coating Process for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Lin Ming‐Hsien , Hy Sunny , Chen Chun‐Yu , Cheng Ju‐Hsiang , Rick John , Pu Nen‐Wen , Su Wei‐Nien , Lee Yao‐Chang , Hwang Bing‐Joe 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA dual‐coating process was developed to prepare a unique yolk–shell silicon–reduced graphene oxide/amorphous carbon (YS‐Si@rGO/a‐C) anode material. The nanostructured Si composite anode material consists of Si cores, evenly wrapped with a first coating of graphene oxide constructed through electrostatic self‐assembly, and a shell of a second reinforced coating of graphene oxide/amorphous carbon, integrated by using an economic hydrothermal carbonization process. Thermal reduction and HF etching were then applied to reduce graphene oxide into graphene and to create the required void space to endow the hybrid material with sufficient mechanical strength and to buffer against stresses induced by volume changes of the Si nanoparticles. The obtained YS‐Si@rGO/a‐C composite anode material has structural integrity together with conductive 3D‐network beneficial to its electrochemical performance, attributed to the synergy of electrostatic self‐assembly and hydrothermal carbonization. As a result, the composite anode has a superior initial coulombic efficiency of 76 %, surpassing other published Si/G composite anodes, as well as an initial cycle reversible capacity of 1668 mAh g−1 at 0.4 A g−1 and a capacity retention of 75 % after over 100 cycles, when compared with the yolk–shell structured Si@a‐C anode.
Potential‐Pulse‐Assisted Formation of Thiol Monolayers within Minutes for Fast and Controlled Electrode Surface Modification
Authors: Jambrec Daliborka , Conzuelo Felipe , Estrada‐Vargas Arturo , Schuhmann Wolfgang 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe propose a potential‐pulse‐assisted method for the formation of highly compact thiol self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs), ensuring fully covered surfaces within minutes. By pulsing between potentials that are more positive and more negative with respect to the potential of zero charge, kinetics of SAM formation is substantially enhanced. The formation of the SAM is followed by using real‐time impedance measurements by superimposing the applied potential‐pulse profile with a high‐frequency AC signal that allows for calculation of the interfacial capacitance and provides information about the compactness of the formed layers. A systematic study of the influence of the pulse potential intensity, the pulse duration, and the nature of the thiol derivative on the potential‐pulse‐assisted SAM formation is performed. We show that compact thiol monolayers are obtained much faster with the suggested technique, as compared to SAM formation performed at the open‐circuit potential or by applying a constant potential.
Fluorescent Recognition of 1,2‐Diamines by a 1,1′‐Binaphthyl‐Based Trifluoromethyl Ketone
Authors: Xu Yimang , Yu Shanshan , Chen Qi , Chen Xuemin , Li Yinan , Yu Xiaoqi , Pu Lin 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe fluorescent responses of a 1,1′‐binaphthol (BINOL)‐based trifluoromethyl aryl ketone toward a variety of amines have been studied. The aliphatic 1,2‐diamines, especially ethylenediamine, can greatly enhance the fluorescence of this compound, but under the same conditions, other mono‐ and diamines cause much smaller fluorescent responses. This compound can be used as a fluorescent sensor for the detection of ethylenediamine at concentrations over micromolar levels. UV absorption and NMR spectroscopic methods have been used to study the interactions of the sensor with ethylenediamine. These studies have demonstrated that the trifluoromethyl ketone of the sensor reacts with ethylenediamine much more favorably than with other amines. The hydroxyl groups of the sensor and those of the hemiaminal adducts formed in the presence of the amines are important for the highly selective fluorescent response.
Alcohol‐Induced C−N Bond Cleavage of Cyclometalated N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands with a Methylene‐Linked Pendant Imidazolium Ring
Authors: Zhong Wei , Fei Zhaofu , Scopelliti Rosario , Dyson Paul J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractReaction of the pentamethylcyclopentadienyl rhodium iodide dimer [Cp*RhI2]2 with 1,1′‐diphenyl‐3,3′‐methylenediimidazolium diiodide in non‐alcohol solvents, in the presence of base, led to the formation of bis‐carbene complex [Cp*Rh(bis‐NHC)I]I (bis‐NHC=1,1′‐diphenyl‐4,4′‐methylenediimidazoline‐5,5′‐diylidene). In contrast, when employing alcohols as the solvent in the same reaction, cleavage of a methylene C−N bond is observed, affording ether‐functionalized (cyclometalated) carbene ligands coordinated to the metal center and the concomitant formation of complexes with a coordinated imidazole ligand. Studies employing other 1,1′‐diimidazolium salts indicate that the cyclometalation step is a prerequisite for the activation/scission of the C−N bond and, based on additional experimental data, a SN2 mechanism for the reaction is tentatively proposed.
Porous Azo‐Bridged Porphyrin–Phthalocyanine Network with High Iodine Capture Capability
Authors: Li Hui , Ding Xuesong , Han Bao‐Hang 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe report a highly efficient iodine adsorbent achieved by rational design of a porous azo‐bridged porphyrin–phthalocyanine network (AzoPPN), which was synthesized by a catalyst‐free coupling reaction between free‐base 5,10,15,20‐tetrakis(4‐nitrophenyl)‐porphyrin and nickel tetraaminophthlocyanine. AzoPPN has a permanent porous structure and plenty of porphyrin and phthalocyanine units in the skeleton as effective sorption sites. It displays excellent adsorption of iodine vapor up to 290 wt. % and also shows remarkable capability as adsorbent for iodine in solution. This strategy of combining physisorption with chemisorption in one adsorbent will pave the way for the development of new materials for iodine capture.
Activation of Elemental Sulfur at a Two‐Coordinate Platinum(0) Center
Authors: Roy Sudipta , Schürmann Christian J. , Mondal Totan , Koley Debasis , Herbst‐Irmer Regine , Stalke Dietmar , Roesky Herbert W. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPlatinum dichalcogenides have been known to exhibit two‐dimensional layered structures. Herein, we describe the syntheses, isolation, and characterization of air‐stable crystalline cyclic alkyl(amino) carbene (cAAC)‐supported monomeric platinum disulfide three‐membered ring complex [(cAAC)2Pt(S2)] (2). The highly reactive platinum(0) [(cAAC)2Pt] complex (1) with two‐coordinate platinum activates elemental sulfur to give2. The brown crystals of bis‐carbene platinum(II)monosulfate [(cAAC)2Pt(SO4)x(S2)1−x] (4) have been isolated when the reaction was performed in air. The dioxygen analogue of2was formed upon exposing the THF solution of1to aerial oxygen (O2). The binding of oxygen at the Pt0center was found to be reversible. Additionally, DFT study has been performed to elucidate the electronic structure and bonding scenario of2,3, and4. Quantum chemical calculations showed donor–acceptor‐type interaction for the Pt−S bonds in2and Pt−O bonds in3and4.
Experimental study of ultrasonic radiation on growth kinetic of asphaltene aggregation and deposition
Authors: Salehzadeh Marziyeh , Akherati Ali , Ameli Forough , Dabir Bahram 
Published: July 2016

AbstractUltrasonic treatment as an economical and green technology has been much attended in petroleum industry, especially for inhibition and removal of asphaltene deposition in the near wellbore region. The performance of ultrasonic waves is affected by different parameters such as time, power, frequency, type of radiation, etc. In this communication, the effects of duration of ultrasonic radiation, power, and stability on asphaltene aggregation were evaluated from a kinetic point of view. In fact, the optimal radiation conditions were determined by comparing the growth kinetics and size distribution of asphaltene particles. The optimal exposure time and power of ultrasonic radiation for the oil sample were obtained at 150 s and 40 W, respectively. In addition, the negative effect of time duration on the aggregated asphaltene particle diameter was observed. The effect of ultrasonic radiation on prevention and removal of asphaltene deposits was examined by observation of changes in asphaltene particle diameter. The results demonstrated the beneficial effect of ultrasonic waves on inhibition of asphaltene deposition. In order to investigate the effect of ultrasound on asphaltene deposition in porous media, the oil sample was radiated with ultrasound at the most optimal conditions, which were obtained in the previous experiments. Moreover, the trend of asphaltene particle deposition in porous media (micromodel) at optimal conditions was compared to the same oil sample without ultrasonic radiation. Comparison of pressure drop curves showed that the use of ultrasound in determined optimum conditions reduces the amount of asphaltene deposition.
EXtended ACquisition Time (EXACT) NMR—A Case for ′Burst′ Non‐Uniform Sampling
Authors: Ndukwe Ikenna E. , Shchukina Alexandra , Kazimierczuk Krzysztof , Cobas Carlos , Butts Craig P. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA strong case exists for the introduction of burst non‐uniform sampling (NUS) in the direct dimension of NMR spectroscopy experiments. The resulting gaps in the NMR free induction decay can reduce the power demands of long experiments (by switching off broadband decoupling for example) and/or be used to introduce additional pulses (to refocus homonuclear coupling, for example). The final EXtended ACquisition Time (EXACT) spectra are accessed by algorithmic reconstruction of the missing data points and can provide higher resolution in the direct dimension than is achievable with existing non‐NUS methods.
Surprising Hofmeister Effects on the Bending Vibration of Water
Authors: Yan Chuanyu , Xue Zhimin , Zhao Wancheng , Wang Jinfang , Mu Tiancheng 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe Hofmeister series, which originally described the specific ion effects on the solubility of macromolecules in aqueous solutions, has been a long‐standing unsolved and exceptionally challenging mystery in chemistry. The complexity of specific ion effects has prevented a unified theory from emerging. Accumulating research has suggested that the interactions among ions, water and various solutes play roles. However, among these interactions, the binding between ions and solutes is receiving most of the attention, whereas the effects of ions on the hydrogen‐bond structure in liquid water have been deemed to be negligible. In this study, attenuated‐total‐reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is used to study the infrared spectra of salt solutions. The results show that the red‐ and blue‐shifts of the water bending band are in excellent agreement with the characteristic Hofmeister series, which suggests that the ions’ effects on water structure might be the key role in the Hofmeister phenomenon.
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 responses dictate differentiation of neural progenitors to NMDA‐responsive cells in fragile X syndrome
Authors: Achuta Venkat Swaroop , Grym Heli , Putkonen Noora , Louhivuori Verna , Kärkkäinen Virve , Koistinaho Jari , Roybon Laurent , Castrén Maija L. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTDisrupted metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) signaling is implicated in many neuropsychiatric disorders, including autism spectrum disorder, found in fragile X syndrome (FXS). Here we report that intracellular calcium responses to the group I mGluR agonist (S)−3,5‐dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG) are augmented, and calcium‐dependent mGluR5‐mediated mechanisms alter the differentiation of neural progenitors in neurospheres derived from human induced pluripotent FXS stem cells and the brains of mouse model of FXS. Treatment with the mGluR5 antagonist 2‐methyl‐6‐(phenylethynyl)‐pyridine (MPEP) prevents an abnormal clustering of DHPG‐responsive cells that are responsive to activation of ionotropic receptors in mouse FXS neurospheres. MPEP also corrects morphological defects of differentiated cells and enhanced migration of neuron‐like cells in mouse FXS neurospheres. Unlike in mouse neurospheres, MPEP increases the differentiation of DHPG‐responsive radial glial cells as well as the subpopulation of cells responsive to both DHPG and activation of ionotropic receptors in human neurospheres. However, MPEP normalizes the FXS‐specific increase in the differentiation of cells responsive only to N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA) present in human neurospheres. Exposure to MPEP prevents the accumulation of intermediate basal progenitors in embryonic FXS mouse brain suggesting that rescue effects of GluR5 antagonist are progenitor type‐dependent and species‐specific differences of basal progenitors may modify effects of MPEP on the cortical development. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 77: 419–437, 2017
High‐Speed Underfilm Corrosion Imaging Using a Terahertz Camera
Authors: FUSE NORIKAZU , FUKUCHI TETSUO , MIZUNO MAYA , FUKUNAGA KAORU 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYNondestructive, two‐dimensional distribution measurement of rusting under opaque anticorrosion coating was carried out, using a terahertz camera, a quantum cascade laser, and a galvanic scanner. The measurement speed of the present method was found to be 11 times faster than the conventional raster scanning method based on time‐domain spectroscopy. A signal‐to‐noise ratio exceeding 102 was confirmed for both systems, which enables the detection of minor rusting.
Surface Modification of PTFE Using Low‐Energy Nitrogen Ion Irradiation: Improvement in Adhesive Strength on Modification of Deep Modifying Layer
Authors: TAKATA RICARDO , IWAO TORU , YUMOTO MOTOSHIGE 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYPolytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) has the best properties as a material of high‐frequency PC board. However, it has low adhesion force for using cabling material. In order to improve adhesion force, we studied on surface modification of PTFE by using nitrogen ion irradiation. As a result, peel strengths of PTFE improved up to 900 N/m to amount of treatment time. On the other hand, surface energy did not increase. From here onward, improved peel strengths on modified surface could be forecasted because of a change that is binding state of modified layer. The compositions of surface on samples after peel test were analyzed so as to prove the hypothesis. As a result, adhesive/PTFE system occurred to destruction in deep portion of modified layer. Moreover, binding of oxygen could be existed with long treatment time. Therefore, it was suggested that the brittle layer of deep modifying layer needs to be modified for the improvement of adhesive strength.
Unifying error structures in commonly used biotracer mixing models
Authors: Stock Brian C. , Semmens Brice X. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMixing models are statistical tools that use biotracers to probabilistically estimate the contribution of multiple sources to a mixture. These biotracers may include contaminants, fatty acids, or stable isotopes, the latter of which are widely used in trophic ecology to estimate the mixed diet of consumers. Bayesian implementations of mixing models using stable isotopes (e.g., MixSIR, SIAR) are regularly used by ecologists for this purpose, but basic questions remain about when each is most appropriate. In this study, we describe the structural differences between common mixing model error formulations in terms of their assumptions about the predation process. We then introduce a new parameterization that unifies these mixing model error structures, as well as implicitly estimates the rate at which consumers sample from source populations (i.e., consumption rate). Using simulations and previously published mixing model datasets, we demonstrate that the new error parameterization outperforms existing models and provides an estimate of consumption. Our results suggest that the error structure introduced here will improve future mixing model estimates of animal diet.
Use of a suite of biomarkers to assess the effects of carbamazepine, bisphenol A, atrazine, and their mixtures on green mussels, Perna viridis
Authors: Juhel Guillaume , Bayen Stephane , Goh Christine , Lee Wei Kit , Kelly Barry C. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

The present study investigated the toxicity of several emerging contaminants: the pharmaceutical drug carbamazepine (CBZ), the plasticizer bisphenol A (BPA), and the herbicide atrazine (ATZ) in a marine bivalve. Green mussels (Perna viridis) were exposed to different concentrations of CBZ, BPA, and ATZ, either individually or as mixtures over a 7-d period, and a suite of molecular and cellular biomarkers were analyzed: biomarkers of immunotoxicity (total hemocyte count, phagocytosis, extracellular lysozyme), genotoxicity (Comet assay), neurotoxicity (inhibition of acetylcholinesterase [AChE]), endocrine disruption (vitellin-like proteins), and detoxification enzymes (cytochrome P4501A [CYP1A], 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase [EROD], and glutathione-S-transferase [GST]). Results of the single-chemical exposure tests highlighted the relatively low toxicity of CBZ because most biomarker responses observed were recorded at concentrations well above environmental levels. Bisphenol A exposure at environmentally realistic concentrations resulted in clear immunomodulatory, genotoxic, and endocrine-disruptive effects. Similarly, 3 of the 10 biomarkers tested on green mussels (genotoxicity, inhibition of AchE, and EROD) responded after exposure to ATZ at environmentally relevant doses or below, and confirmed the potency of this herbicide to marine bivalves. Exposure tests using mixtures of CBZ, BPA, and ATZ also revealed that these 3 substances were generally acting in an additive manner on the selected biomarkers, at environmental doses, with some exceptions (antagonism and/or synergy) at low and high concentrations. The present study also confirms that most of the biomarkers used are suitable for biomonitoring studies with green mussels. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:429–441. © 2016 SETAC