bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STFormer: Spatio‐temporal former for hand–object interaction recognition from egocentric RGB video
Authors: Liang Jiao , Wang Xihan , Yang Jiayi , Gao Quanli 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn recent years, video‐based hand–object interaction has received widespread attention from researchers. However, due to the complexity and occlusion of hand movements, hand–object interaction recognition based on RGB videos remains a highly challenging task. Here, an end‐to‐end spatio‐temporal former (STFormer) network for understanding hand behaviour in interactions is proposed. The network consists of three modules: FlexiViT feature extraction, hand–object pose estimator, and interaction action classifier. The FlexiViT is used to extract multi‐scale features from each image frame. The hand–object pose estimator is designed to predict 3D hand pose keypoints and object labels for each frame. The interaction action classifier is used to predict the interaction action categories for the entire video. The experimental results demonstrate that our approach achieves competitive recognition accuracies of 94.96% and 88.84% on two datasets, namely first‐person hand action (FPHA) and 2 Hands and Objects (H2O).
Treatment of Arthrogenic-Muscle-Inhibition in patients after knee-surgery with Motion-Activated-Neuromuscular stimulation – a case-series
Authors: Schoepp Christian , Dickschas Jörg , Schmeling Arno , Perwanger Florian , Izadpanah Kaywan , Praetorius Arthur 
Published: September 2024

AbstractArthrogenic muscle inhibition (AMI) presents a persistent challenge in postoperative knee rehabilitation and is often resistant to standard care. This case series examines the efficacy of Motion-Activated Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (mNMES) in addressing AMI refractory to rehabilitation after ACL (revision) surgery, patellar dislocation, trochleoplasty, or conservative treatment of the patellofemoral pain syndrome. Eight patients who had undergone extensive unsuccessful rehabilitation received six weeks of a novel mNMES treatment regimen. Outcome assessments included patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and AMI classification. Results revealed significant improvements in pain reduction, knee function, and AMI reduction. Despite study limitations, mNMES demonstrated promising outcomes and could be used as an adjunct to standard rehabilitation, offering potential for enhancing postoperative outcomes in patients refractory to conventional therapy. Further research is required to validate these findings and optimise treatment protocols.
Tratamento cirúrgico da rizartrose: Artroplastia de ressecção do trapézio associada a interposição tendínea versus técnica de Kuhns
Authors: Reis Guilherme Henrique Teixeira , Carvalho Willker Galvão de , Rodrigues Mauricio Foster , Neto Jorge Raduan , Okamura Aldo , Belloti João Carlos 
Published: September 2024

Resumo
Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar e comparar os resultados clínicos e funcionais de dois procedimentos cirúrgicos realizados em pacientes com rizartrose grave graus III e IV.
Métodos Avaliamos 39 pacientes submetidos a 2 técnicas cirúrgicas para o tratamento da rizartrose: trapeziectomia pela técnica de Kuhns ou com interposição tendínea, com mínimo de 6 meses de seguimento. O desfecho primário foi avaliado pelo questionário específico Sintomas e Incapacidade da Artrose Trapeziometacarpiana (Trapeziometacarpal Arthrosis Symptoms and Disability, TASD, em inglês), e os desfechos secundários, pela versão abreviada do Questionário de Incapacidades do Braço, Ombro e Mão (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand, QuickDASH, em inglês) e a Escala Visual Analógica (EVA).
Resultados Não houve diferença estatisticamente significantiva entre os grupos nos resultados do TASD, QuickDASH e EVA e ambas as técnicas demonstraram bons resultados funcionais e da dor. Não houve complicações que necessitassem de nova abordagem cirúrgica. Verificamos uma correlação positiva entre as pontuações no TASD e no QuickDASH, o que sugere que ambos são eficazes na avaliação da funcionalidade e incapacidade da rizartrose.
Conclusão A trapeziectomia com técnica de Kuhns e com interposição tendínea se mostraram efetivas no tratamento cirúrgico da rizartrose. Não houve diferença significativa entre as técnicas em relação aos resultados funcionais.
The structure of water–ammonia mixtures from classical and ab initio molecular dynamics
Authors: Munaò Gianmarco , Saija Franz , Cassone Giuseppe 
Published: September 2024

The structure of aqueous ammonia solutions is investigated through classical molecular dynamics (MD) and ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations. We have preliminarily compared three well-known classical force fields for liquid water (SPC, SPC/E, and TIP4P) in order to identify the most accurate one in reproducing AIMD results obtained at the Generalized Gradient Approximation (GGA) and meta-GGA levels of theory. Liquid ammonia has been simulated by implementing an optimized force field recently developed by Chettiyankandy et al. [Fluid Phase Equilib. 511, 112507 (2020)]. Analysis of the radial distribution functions for different ammonia concentrations reveals that the three water force fields provide comparable estimates of the mixture structure, with the SPC/E performing slightly better. Although a fairly good agreement between MD and AIMD is observed for conditions close to the equimolarity, at lower ammonia concentrations, important discrepancies arise, with classical force fields underestimating the number and strength of H-bonds between water molecules and between water and ammonia moieties. Here, we prove that these drawbacks are rooted in a poor sampling of the configurational space spanned by the hydrogen atoms lying in the H-bonds of H2O⋯H2O and, more critically, H2O⋯NH3 neighbors due to the lack of polarization and charge transfer terms. This way, non-polarizable classical force fields underestimate the proton affinity of the nitrogen atom of ammonia in aqueous solutions, which plays a key role under realistic dilute ammonia conditions. Our results witness the need for developing more suited polarizable models that are able to take into account these effects properly.
An energy-modified quantum defect method for the analysis of Rydberg spectra: Application to 2-butyne
Authors: Jungen Ch. , Pratt S. T. 
Published: September 2024

The high resolution Rydberg absorption spectrum of 2-butyne C4H6 recorded previously at the SOLEIL synchrotron facility has been interpreted using multichannel quantum defect theory (MQDT). The calculations are based on the continuum scattering calculations of Xu et al., J. Chem. Phys. 136, 154303 (2012) and of Jacovella et al., J. Phys. Chem. A 119, 12339 (2015) pertaining to the dipole-allowed excited state symmetries in absorption from the ground state. In contrast to the traditional approach of calculating low-lying electronic states first and then attempting to extend the calculations to ever higher energy, here the analysis proceeds through the extension of these detailed calculations of the electronic continuum scattering down into the discrete region of the spectrum. The continuum reaction matrices and dipole transition moments are adapted to the discrete Rydberg region via the use of an energy-modified formulation of MQDT theory and associated energy dependences of the quantum defects. The analysis reproduces more than 40 Rydberg states from n ≈ 10 down to the 3d and 4s levels with an rms error of better than 20 cm−1. These belong to five Rydberg series with three different molecular symmetries. While the approach predicts many additional series, most of these are calculated and observed to carry only little oscillator strength. The analysis shows that the Rydberg spectrum is dominated by the excitation of an e″ symmetry electron of fδ and gπ type, in line with what previous studies of the above-threshold shape resonance of 2-butyne have shown. The present study is intended to serve as an example showing how first principles continuum calculations may be useful for the interpretation of highly bound discrete states in a range that poses problems for the standard ab initio techniques. The quantitative treatment of the dipole absorption cross sections is deferred to a future paper.
Enhancing forage–livestock system productivity and mitigating greenhouse gas emissions via sustainable pasture management of two Brachiaria cultivars
Authors: Silva Débora S. M. , Monteiro Alyce , Pedreira Bruno C. , Mombach Mircéia A. , Pereira Dalton H. , Rodrigues Renato A. R. , Matos Eduardo S. 
Published: September 2024

Context Forage–livestock systems contribute to Brazilian greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, harming the environment and reducing bioeconomic efficiency. Employing technologies like pasture management is crucial for sustainable mitigation. Aims Our objective was to measure greenhouse gas emissions of beef cattle in forage systems by exploring well-managed Brachiaria hybrid pastures in the Brazilian Amazon Biome. Methods The experimental design was a randomised complete block, with two cultivars: Ipyporã and Mulato II, in four replicates, totalling eight experimental units, and each experimental unit was 1.5 ha. Key results Ipyporã pastures had 88.5% greater herbage mass than Mulato II in January (8350 vs 4430 kg dry mass ha−1). There was no difference between cultivars for soil GHG emissions. The greatest enteric methane and carbon dioxide values were measured in February. In Ipyporã pastures, the average daily gain was 57% and 50% greater than in Mulato II, in February (837 vs 533 g day−1) and March (1054 vs 700 g day−1) respectively. Enteric methane and carbon dioxide were 34% and 48% less respectively in Ipyporã pastures in February. Conclusions Soil GHG emissions in fertilised pastures followed similar patterns across different cultivars, but those with greater production tended to produce more emissions (soil and enteric) due to fertilisation and increased stocking rates. Implications Forage–livestock production systems benefit from adequate grazing and pasture management of two Brachiaria cultivars, resulting in greater productivity compared to GHG emissions. This leads to reduced emissions per unit of product, contributing to the development of a more efficient and sustainable forage–livestock system.
Planting green and ecosystem services in row crop production systems
Authors: Blanco-Canqui Humberto , Jhala Amit J. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Delaying cover crop (CC) termination until or after row crop planting, known as planting green (PG), could boost CC biomass production and ecosystem services relative to the traditional CC termination (usually 1–3 weeks before crop planting). Yet, this potential has not been widely discussed. We reviewed the literature to compare CC biomass production, soil erodibility, soil water, soil C, nitrate leaching, weed suppression, insect population, disease and pest incidence risks, and crop yields between PG and traditional CC termination. Most (>95%) PG studies were: (1) from U.S. temperate regions, (2) short-term (<3 years), and (3) in winter rye CC managed in no-till corn and soybean production systems. Across studies, CC produced 1.09–11.26 times (2.56 times average) more biomass in PG than in the traditional CC termination. Cover crops in PG produced 0.117 Mg biomass ha
–1
d
–1
. Soil C and other properties did not respond to PG in most studies, although data were few. Soil water content was lower at crop planting and greater after CC termination in PG. Cover crops in PG often suppressed weeds but increased or had no effect on disease and pest incidence. They had mixed or no effect on crop yields in 68% of studies (13 of 19) but had reduced yields in 32%, suggesting PG may not be detrimental to crop production in most cases. Long-term (>10 years) studies are lacking to better understand ecosystem services from PG and establish optimum CC termination timings. Overall, PG has mixed effects on soil properties, soil C, insect population, diseases, pests, and crop yields, but PG can suppress weeds.
Quantum gravity inspired nonlocal quantum dynamics preserving the classical limit
Authors: Ciszak Marzena , Belenchia Alessio , Ortolan Antonello , Marino Francesco 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Several approaches to quantum gravity lead to nonlocal modifications of fields’ dynamics. This, in turn, can give rise to nonlocal modifications of quantum mechanics at non-relativistic energies. Here, we analyze the nonlocal Schrödinger evolution of a quantum harmonic oscillator in one such scenario, where the problem can be addressed without the use of perturbation theory. We demonstrate that although deviations from standard quantum predictions occur at low occupation numbers, where they could potentially be detected or constrained by high-precision experiments, the classical limits of quantum probability densities and free energy remain unaffected up to energies comparable with the nonlocality scale. These results provide an example of nonlocal quantum dynamics compatible with classical predictions, suggesting massive quantum objects as a promising avenue for testing some phenomenological aspects of quantum gravity.
Etching of Ga2O3: an important process for device manufacturing
Authors: Xi Zhaoying , Liu Zeng , Fang Junpeng , Bian Ang , Zhang Shaohui , Zhang Jia-Han , Li Lei , Guo Yufeng , Tang Weihua 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Etching plays a key role in processing and manufacturing electronic and optoelectronic devices. For ultra-wide bandgap semiconductor gallium oxide (Ga2O3), its etching investigations and evolution mechanism are still at the earlier stage, and some more research gumption should be invested. In this review, we make a summary on the etching of Ga2O3, including dry (plasma) etching, wet chemical etching, and photoelectrochemical etching, and discuss the etching results, existing problems, and feasible solutions, in order to provide guidance and advises for furtherly developing the Ga2O3 etching and Ga2O3-based electronic and optoelectronic devices.
Electrical surface breakdown characteristics of micro- and nano-Al2O3 particle co-doped epoxy composites
Authors: Zhang Guobao , Yang Wei , Zhang Lei , Wu Zhengyang , Cai Mengyi , Zhu Taiyun , Sun Lei , Gao He , Li Zhen 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Epoxy microcomposites are basic materials for gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) spacers that are subjected to huge electrical stress. Previous works have indicated that nanoparticles are beneficial to dielectric performance. However, surface electrical breakdown, a typical fault in GIS of co-doped micro- and nanoparticles in epoxy composites, is seldom studied. In this work, numerous concentrations of micro- and nano-Al2O3 are co-doped into an epoxy matrix; the surface traps, surface charging, and surface breakdown voltages (V
sb) of the co-doped composites are studied, and the influence of micro- and nano-Al2O3 on the electrical surface breakdown is clarified. The results show that V
sb first decreases and then increases with the microparticles, and V
sb decreases from 25.34 kV to 19.52 kV. As the number of nanoparticles increases, V
sb increases and then decreases when the microparticle loading is low, but decreases and then increases when the microparticle loading exceeds 40 wt%. Micro-Al2O3 particles introduce surface shallow traps into epoxy composites, while small amounts of nano-Al2O3 introduce deep traps. Two different mechanisms dominate the surface charging and V
sb of epoxy micro-nanocomposites. When the surface conductivity is lower than 7 × 10−14 S, the surface charges are reduced by the suppression of electrode injection as the trap depth increases, and V
sb increases. When the surface conductivity exceeds 7 × 10−14 S, the surface charge dissipation rate increases with the surface conductivity and V
sb increases as the surface conductivity increases. Our work indicates that co-doped micro- and nano-particles should keep the surface conductivity away from the specic value (7 × 10−14 S) to safeguard insulation properties for GIS spacers.
Fatigue failure analysis and life prediction of wheel load local area of ladle crane
Authors: Wei Guoqian , Yin Qingzheng , Zhao You , Dang Zhang , Lu Zhiwen 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Metal structures of ladle cranes are typical complex welded structures, where fatigue cracks are prone to initiate in some specific locations. In this paper, on-site tests and theoretical analysis were performed for a in-service ladle crane to investigate the crack damage mechanism at some local areas beneath the wheel loads. The on-site tests included crack observation of the entire bridge structure, geometry inspection of the main girder and stress test of the key locations. It was found that fatigue cracks had densely occurred in some spots with similar geometry details. The stress test results showed that obvious rail gnawing phenomenon happened during the ladle crane operating process. By finite element analysis (FEA) with a multi-layer model and DLOAD subroutine, stress time histories of the damaged spots under moving wheel loads were simulated. Combined with the tested stresses, influences of rail gnawing force on the stress cycling characteristics at the cracked areas were analyzed. Based on the in-service stress spectrum, the fatigue lives of the cracked areas were predicted, revealing that the random rail gnawing force is the dominant factor causing large amount of cracks at the damaged areas.
Green synthesised Mn3O4 and poly (o-phenylenediamine) for antimicrobial textile-based supercapacitor applications
Authors: K S Darshini , Chakraborty Sohini , Sam Dona Mary , N L Mary 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The advancement of wearable supercapacitors (SCs) has recently garnered a lot of attention owing to their ease of fabrication into textiles, low cost, long cycle life, fast charging and discharging, high efficiency, and ability to bridge the energy and power gap between conventional capacitors and batteries. The present study focuses on the development of wearable textile-based SC electrodes using green-synthesised manganese oxide nanoparticles functionalised on poly(o-phenylenediamine) reinforced to a polymer nanocomposite. The prepared nanocomposite was characterized using spectroscopic techniques such as UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction studies, and scanning electron microscopy to validate the incorporation of metal oxide nanoparticles into the polymer matrix. The thermal properties were studied using thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The electrochemical performance of the bare polymer and the nanocomposite was evaluated using cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge, and impedance spectroscopy techniques. An impressive specific capacitance of 213 Fg−1 was achieved at a current density of 1 Ag−1 for the polymer nanocomposite and even after 1000 cycles a capacitance retention of 89% was observed. Enhanced antimicrobial activity was also observed for the nanocomposite against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Based on these attributes, the fabricated device can be used as an efficient antimicrobial wearable SC.
Simultaneous iodine and barium imaging with photon-counting CT
Authors: Deng Xinchen , Richtsmeier Devon , Rodesch Pierre-Antoine , Iniewski Kris , Bazalova-Carter Magdalena 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective. The objective of this study is to explore the capabilities of photon-counting computed tomography (PCCT) in simultaneously imaging and differentiating materials with close atomic numbers, specifically barium (Z = 56) and iodine (Z = 53), which is challenging for conventional computed tomography (CT). Approach. Experiments were conducted using a bench-top PCCT system equipped with a cadmium zinc telluride detector. Various phantom setups and contrast agent concentrations (1%–5%) were employed, along with a biological sample. Energy thresholds were tuned to the K-edge absorption energies of barium (37.4 keV) and iodine (33.2 keV) to capture multi-energy CT images. K-edge decomposition was performed using K-edge subtraction and principal component analysis (PCA) techniques to differentiate and quantify the contrast agents. Main results. The PCCT system successfully differentiated and accurately quantified barium and iodine in both phantom combinations and a biological sample, achieving high correlations (

R
2

≈
1

) between true and reconstructed concentrations. PCA outperformed K-edge subtraction, particularly in the presence of calcium, by providing superior differentiation between barium and iodine. Significance. This study demonstrates the potential of PCCT for reliable, detailed imaging in both clinical and research settings, particularly for contrast agents with similar atomic numbers. The results suggest that PCCT could offer significant improvements in imaging quality over conventional CT, especially in applications requiring precise material differentiation.
Design and simulation of a III-Nitride light emitting transistor
Authors: Awwad Mohammad , Ifatur Rahman Sheikh , Joishi Chandan , McGlone Joe , Lise Anderson Betty , Rajan Siddharth 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This paper describes the design and characteristics of monolithically integrated three-terminal gated III-Nitride light emitting diodes (LEDs) devices. The impact of channel doping and thickness on the voltage penalty of the transistor-LED hybrid device is analyzed, and it is shown that with appropriate design, low voltage drop can be realized across integrated gated LED structures. The impact of device design on the switching charge is investigated, and it is shown that the adoption of an integrated LED/transistor structure can reduce the switching charge necessary for operation of a switched LED display device by an order of magnitude when compared with stand-alone light-emitting diodes.
Single Bell inequality to detect genuine nonlocality in three-qubit pure genuinely entangled states
Authors: Stachura Ignacy , Makuta Owidiusz , Augusiak Remigiusz 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
It remains an open question whether every pure multipartite state that is genuinely entangled is also genuinely nonlocal. Recently, a new general construction of Bell inequalities allowing the detection of genuine multipartite nonlocality (GMNL) in quantum states was proposed in Curchod et al (2019 New J. Phys.
21 023016) with the aim of addressing the above problem. Here we show how, in a simple manner, one can improve this construction to deliver finer Bell inequalities for detection of GMNL. Remarkably, we then prove one of the improved Bell inequalities to be powerful enough to detect GMNL in every three-qubit genuinely entangled state. We also generalize some of these inequalities to detect not only GMNL but also nonlocality depth in multipartite states and we present a possible way of generalizing them to the case of more outcomes.