bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conversion of a piston–cylinder dimensional dataset to the effective area of a mechanical pressure generator
Authors: Egan Patrick F , Stanfield Eric S , Stoup John R , Meyer Christopher W 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Recent developments in diameter metrology at NIST have improved the dimensional characterization of piston–cylinder assemblies (PCAs) to unprecedented precision. For the newest generation of PCAs, the standard uncertainty in the measurement of the outer diameter is

12

nm

, while uncertainty in the measurement of the inner diameter is

14

nm

. With a high-accuracy dimensional dataset in hand, the task of determining the pressure generated by a specific PCA is reduced to converting the diameter (and straightness and roundness) to an effective area (and distortion coefficient). The details on how this was performed for the artifact PCA2062 are described. PCA2062 was dimensioned in 2017 and 2020; the area repeated within

0.2
×

10

−
6

⋅

A
0

. The calculation produced estimates of fall rate and rotation decay that agreed with experimental observations within 12 %. The fall rate is proportional to the square of the gap width; therefore, the agreement between calculation and measurement validates the dimensional estimate of the gap width within

(
36
±
42
)

nm

, where the

42

nm

standard uncertainty is governed by the present state of flow theory. The piston gage model is buttressed by three comparison tests against a laser barometer, which support a view that PCA2062 is linear and reproducible within

0.2

μ

Pa

Pa

−
1

. Finally, an estimate of uncertainty in the effective area of a dimensioned artifact is provided: as expected, the diameter measurement is the main culprit, but there are open questions regarding the flow model that preclude an accurate evaluation of the distortion coefficient. For the

530

kPa

operating range of PCA2062, distortion is not a significant problem, but the effect would be dominant in assemblies operating at

1

MPa

and above.
Neutron and gamma shielding capabilities of Li and Na borate glasses
Authors: Duru F. , Hughes D. , Christiansen M.M. , Caplice T. , Funk H. , Welch R.S. , Rusch M. , Simko S. , Keninger N.J. , Nimmagadda J.K. , Samant S.S. , Akgun U. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Glass is an increasingly popular candidate material for
radiation shielding in a variety of settings, including spacecraft
design and medical safety. This study investigates the gamma and
neutron shielding properties of various glass samples produced at
Coe College, including several sodium and lithium doped borate and
silicate glasses. The results are obtained through a series of test
beam trials at a nuclear reactor, which were further supported by
simulation in GATE, a Geant4-based tool. Evaluation tests included
simulation of photon energies from 0.01 MeV to 20 MeV and neutron
energies from 2 to 12 MeV. All candidate materials were poor
shields for gamma radiation, hovering around 10% prevention, the
glass samples with the highest packing fractions yielding the best
results. According to the mass attenuation coefficients (MAC), half
value layer (HVL), and tenth value layer (TVL) calculated in this
study, 0.6Na2O*SiO2 and 0.2Li2O*B2O3
provide the best shielding between 0.01–20 MeV of gamma radiation
among the glasses tested in this study. Neutron shielding tests were
more promising, with the borate glasses yielding the best
results. Among all glasses, 0.4Li2O*B2O3 provided the
best results blocking about 85% of the incident neutron radiation
and 0.6Na2O*SiO2 yielded the worst shielding, blocking
less than 20 % of the neutrons. Simulations show that the three
xLi2O*B2O3 glasses have the highest fast neutron
removal cross section (Σ
R
), indicating their higher level
of protection against fast neutrons, consistent with the test beam
results.
Financing diversified water strategies for megacities: the case of Mexico City and rainwater harvesting
Authors: Portal Carús Mariana , Paltán Homero 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Megacities are increasingly confronted with water supply challenges, requiring innovative and diversified management strategies to ensure sustainability. This study examines Mexico City’s Cosecha de Lluvia program, a government initiative promoting residential rainwater harvesting (RWH). This case study offers valuable lessons for other megacities facing similar water security issues. The study particularly explores result-based financing (RBF) as a promising strategy to strengthen Mexico City’s RWH sector. Despite its potential, research on RBF for water supply diversification remains limited, especially from the perspective of practitioners. To address this gap, the study employs a systems thinking approach supported by qualitative methods, including a literature review and interviews. Thematic networks analysis revealed that RBF could enhance Cosecha de Lluvia by improving monitoring and results measurement, facilitating information exchange, and increasing transparency—key factors for successful water supply diversification. While these identified benefits do not address all of Cosecha de Lluvia’s challenges and RBF could have implementation challenges, there is a clear opportunity for this financial mechanism to enhance programs like the one studied and have a positive impact on several of its elements. As part of the RBF suitability assessment, three different funding sources were evaluated—public, private, and philanthropic—to determine their effectiveness in overcoming Cosecha de Lluvia’s challenges. The findings suggest that no single source of finance markedly influences the program’s effectiveness alone. Instead, a blended financing approach that integrates all three sources is recommended as a strategy to explore further for implementing RBF in water supply diversification efforts. Overall, the study highlights the necessity of diversifying water supply to build climate resilience in megacities. While programs like Cosecha de Lluvia are crucial, significant room for improvement exists. RBF offers a promising mechanism to enhance such initiatives, and its potential merits further exploration.
Agricultural tile drains increase the susceptibility of streams to longer and more intense streamflow droughts
Authors: Adelsperger Seth R , Ficklin Darren L , Robeson Scott M , Zimmer Margaret A , Hammond John C , Hall Damon M , Gannon J P 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Streamflow droughts are receiving increased attention worldwide due to their impact on the environment and economy. One region of concern is the Midwestern United States, whose agricultural productivity depends on subsurface pipes known as tile drains to improve trafficability and soil conditions for crop growth. Tile drains accomplish this by rapidly transporting surplus soil moisture and shallow groundwater from fields, resulting in reduced watershed storage. However, no work has previously examined the connection between tile drainage and streamflow drought. Here, we pose the question: does the extent of watershed-level tile drainage lead to an increased susceptibly and magnitude of streamflow droughts? To answer this, we use daily streamflow data for 122 watersheds throughout the Midwestern United States to quantify streamflow drought duration, frequency, and intensity. Using spatial multiple regression models, we find that agricultural tile drainage generates statistically significant (p < 0.05) increases in streamflow drought duration and intensity while significantly reducing drought frequency. The magnitude of the effect of tile drainage on streamflow drought characteristics is similar to that of water table depth and precipitation seasonality, both of which are known to influence streamflow droughts. Furthermore, projected changes in regional precipitation characteristics will likely drive the installation of additional tile drainage. We find that for each 10% increase in tile-drained watershed area, streamflow drought duration and intensity increase by 0.03 d and 12%, respectively, while frequency decreases by 0.10 events/year. Such increases in tile drainage may lead to more severe streamflow droughts and have a detrimental effect on the socio-environmental usage of streams throughout the Midwest.
The future of Xenes beyond graphene: challenges and perspective
Authors: Grazianetti Carlo , Molle Alessandro , Martella Christian 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
After more than ten years since the silicene discovery, many Xenes, the class of elemental graphene-like lattices, have now enriched the two-dimensional periodic table of elements. Here, we provide a perspective on the future of the Xenes by briefly summarizing their properties and devices reported thus far. Two main challenges are expected to focus the scientists’ attention to bring the Xenes to the next level. To step over the current scenario the Xenes need standardization either in the growth or in the fabrication of devices, aiming at the wafer-scale and the reliability and stability, respectively. The benefits arising from these challenges will enable the concept of hybrid Xenes and hybrid Xenes-based devices, that is a combination of different Xenes with new properties and multifunctional Xenes-based devices, respectively, with potential unexpected fascinating properties to continue the journey.
Development of novel Gd-Fe/Ti composites with tunable thermal expansion property
Authors: Xia Feng , Yang Xigang , Yan Yiye , Liang Minxian , Guo Yongchun , Yang Siyu , Ma Zhijun , Wang Chan , Zhang Zhongwei , Zhou Qidi , Liu Jilin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Titanium alloys are considered one of the most promising materials. However, their poor thermal expansion property remains a major obstacle to their widespread application. In this study, we explored an innovative design strategy to tune the thermal expansion properties of titanium alloy. Specifically, we used rare earth iron intermetallic compounds (Gd-Fe IMCs) with low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) as expansion inhibitors to prepare composites with the required thermal expansion properties via in situ reaction. The morphology and size of Gd-Fe IMCs can be effectively controlled by electromagnetic and ultrasonic fields, resulting in a dense distribution of micro/nano-structured Gd-Fe IMCs and strong interfacial bonding of the composites. This alloy has an excellent CTE of 6.8 × 10−6/K and a high ultimate tensile strength of 921 MPa. The improvement in the physical properties (especially in thermal expansion properties) of titanium alloy can be attributed to the synergistic effect between Gd-Fe IMCs and Ti matrix. This design strategy can also be extended to other titanium alloys as a reference for designing low thermal expansion titanium alloys.
An integrated computer-aided diagnosis BCanD model for detection, segmentation and classification of breast cancer
Authors: Arfi Mehar , Yadav Subhash Chandra , Tripathi Suman Lata 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A fully integrated Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) system involves the integration of detection, segmentation, and classification, which makes it very useful for medical applications, particularly while dealing with the detection of breast mass and its classification into malignant and benign. The carried-out research work is intended to propose a Breast Cancer Detection (BCanD) model that is an integrated CAD system, where the system is capable enough for mass detection, its segmentation, and for the classification using mammograms. The proposed integrated system utilizes deep learning based YOLO model to detect the abnormality (mass) in the mammogram, where U-net is used for segmentation of the mass, as it has the capability to produce pixel level segmentation map, and at last stage that is the classification stage deep CNN is used for the classification. The proposed system is evaluated on open-source MIAS database. For the performance evaluation of the proposed BCanD, a three-fold cross-validation test was utilized. The mass detection accuracy of the BCanD is 98.99%, MCC is 97.96%, and F1-score is 98.87%. The model is evaluated with and without automated mass segmentation to study the impact of segmentation on the suggested CAD system. The best results was observed with the segmentation with the overall accuracy of 94.20%, F1-score (Dice) of 93.60%, MCC of 88.33%, and Jaccard of 88.08%. The proposed BCanD model surpasses the latest existing deep learning-based methodologies like fuzzy classifier, CNNI-BCC etc Hence, the proposed CAD system can be implemented and used by radiologists for all the stages from detection to diagnosis of breast mass.
Robust anomaly detection for particle physics using multi-background representation learning
Authors: Gandrakota Abhijith , Zhang Lily H , Puli Aahlad , Cranmer Kyle , Ngadiuba Jennifer , Ranganath Rajesh , Tran Nhan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Anomaly, or out-of-distribution, detection is a promising tool for aiding discoveries of new particles or processes in particle physics. In this work, we identify and address two overlooked opportunities to improve anomaly detection (AD) for high-energy physics. First, rather than train a generative model on the single most dominant background process, we build detection algorithms using representation learning from multiple background types, thus taking advantage of more information to improve estimation of what is relevant for detection. Second, we generalize decorrelation to the multi-background setting, thus directly enforcing a more complete definition of robustness for AD. We demonstrate the benefit of the proposed robust multi-background AD algorithms on a high-dimensional dataset of particle decays at the Large Hadron Collider.
Quality of life, pain and use of analgesic, anxiolytic and antidepressant medication, in people living in care homes
Authors: Collins Jemima T , Irvine Lisa , Logan Pip , Robinson Katie , Sims Erika , Gordon Adam L 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundPeople living in care homes often have problems with pain, anxiety and depression. Whether being on analgesia, anxiolytics or antidepressants has any bearing on pain severity and quality of life (QoL) in this population, requires further investigation.Objectives(i) to examine the relationship between pain, anxiety and depression and medication use in care home residents and (ii) to compare those on medications to treat pain, anxiety and depression, and those who were not, and associations with pain severity and overall QoL.MethodsThis was a secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial testing a falls prevention intervention in care homes. We recorded pain, anxiety and depression, QoL measurements and prescribed medication use.ResultsIn 1589 participants, the mean age was 84.7 years (±9.3 SD), 32.2% were male and 67.3% had a diagnosis of dementia. 54.3% and 53.2% of participants had some level of pain and anxiety or depression respectively, regardless of prescribed medication use. There was a direct association between pain severity and being on any analgesia, opioid analgesia, and antidepressants, but no associations between pain severity and use of paracetamol and anxiolytics. QoL was best for residents with no pain and not on any analgesia, anxiolytics or antidepressants and worst for those with moderate-extreme pain and taking at least two of these classes of medications.ConclusionMany care home residents live with pain, anxiety and depression. Addressing residents’ pain may also increase their quality of life, but using medication alone to reach this goal may be inadequate.
Bin2cell reconstructs cells from high resolution Visium HD data
Authors: Polański Krzysztof , Bartolomé-Casado Raquel , Sarropoulos Ioannis , Xu Chuan , England Nick , Jahnsen Frode L , Teichmann Sarah A , Yayon Nadav 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Summary
Visium HD by 10X Genomics is the first commercially available platform capable of capturing full scale transcriptomic data paired with a reference morphology image from archived FFPE blocks at sub-cellular resolution. However, aggregation of capture regions to single cells poses challenges. Bin2cell reconstructs cells from the highest resolution data (2 μm bins) by leveraging morphology image segmentation and gene expression information. It is compatible with established Python single cell and spatial transcriptomics software, and operates efficiently in a matter of minutes without requiring a GPU. We demonstrate improvements in downstream analysis when using the reconstructed cells over default 8 μm bins on mouse brain and human colorectal cancer data.

Availability and implementation
Bin2cell is available at https://github.com/Teichlab/bin2cell, along with documentation and usage examples, and can be installed from pip. Probe design functionality is available at https://github.com/Teichlab/gene2probe.
Effect of radiotherapy on long-term quality of life in recurrence-free rectal cancer survivors (LaTE study): nationwide inverse probability of treatment-weighted registry-based cohort study and survey
Authors: Malik Yasir G , Benth Jūratė Šaltytė , Hamre Hanne M , Færden Arne E , Schultz Johannes K 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Radiotherapy reduces local recurrence in locally advanced rectal cancer, but may cause harm in patients who do not experience recurrence. The aim was to investigate the impact of radiotherapy on long-term quality of life after curative treatment for rectal cancer, i.e. in patients without a recurrence during the follow-up.

Methods
All patients operated on for rectal cancer in Norway under 75 years of age between 30 September 2007 and 1 October 2020 were identified using the Cancer Registry of Norway. Exclusion criteria were distant metastasis, recurrence and dementia. The primary outcome measure was the Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index. Secondary outcome measures included the 36-item Short Form Survey. Inverse probability weights based on a multiple logistic regression model were used to balance prechosen covariates between the radiotherapy and no radiotherapy groups when assessing differences in outcomes.

Results
Of 5014 invited patients, 2142 (43%) eligible patients answered the questionnaires. Of these 762 (36%) were treated with neoadjuvant radiotherapy plus surgery and 1380 (64%) with surgery alone. The mean follow-up time was 6.4 and 7.4 years respectively. After propensity score matching, the Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index differed significantly between irradiated and non-irradiated patients ((mean(s.d.), mean score 103.8(19.4) versus 110.8(19.6) respectively, mean difference: −6.96 (95% c.i. −8.72 to −5.19); P &lt; 0.001). Among patients without a stoma the mean difference was −8.1 points, whereas it was −5.7 for patients with a stoma. The radiotherapy group also scored significantly lower in 7 of 8 36-item Short Form Survey domains compared with the surgery alone group.

Conclusion
Long-term quality of life was significantly lower in patients without a recurrence during the follow-up who received radiotherapy compared with patients who did not. These findings warrant a critical re-evaluation of the use of radiotherapy both in traditional neoadjuvant treatment and in modern organ-preserving treatment regimens.
Arctic cooperation with Russia: at what price?
Authors: Paukkunen Samu , Black James 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
After February 2022, it seemed that a breakdown of political, economic and scientific cooperation in the Arctic would be one of the many examples of collateral damage from Russia's war of aggression in Ukraine. Two years on from the invasion, however, the Arctic 7 (the United States, Canada and the Nordic countries) have renewed their engagement with Russia on polar issues. The Arctic Council has emerged as the exceptional case of a regional body in which Russia and NATO nations continue to collaborate, albeit at a more limited level through the working groups. This article examines the dilemmas facing the Arctic 7 as they seek to balance a values-based policy and strong stance against Russia in solidarity with Ukraine, with a desire to ensure the continuing survival of the Arctic Council and its primacy in regional governance. We argue that Russia has sought to weaponize the Council—withholding vital climate data and threatening to bring China further into regional politics—as part of a wider strategy of coercive diplomacy and hybrid threats in the Arctic. The Arctic 7 should recognize that they ultimately stand to lose more from giving into Russian tactics than from freezing Moscow out of the Arctic Council while the war in Ukraine continues.
Adaptive modeling and analysis of distributed photovoltaic absorptive capacity based on improved simulated annealing algorithm
Authors: Rong Shimin , Wang Cong , Dong Yawei , Shi Biwei , Ma Huiqing 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In order to improve the adaptive modeling and operational stability of distributed photovoltaic absorption capacity, a distributed photovoltaic absorption capacity adaptive modeling method based on improved simulated annealing algorithm is proposed. This method constructs a level source network load storage model for distributed photovoltaic consumption and establishes a control parameter analysis model through consumption scheduling and active/reactive power coordination control methods to analyze the dynamic limit load characteristics of the distribution network. Using an improved simulated annealing algorithm to analyze the constraint characteristics of distributed photovoltaic consumption patterns, in order to achieve adaptive modeling of the absorption capacity of distributed photovoltaic systems based on actual needs and grid transmission limitations. The test results show that this method has good dynamic ultimate bearing capacity and optimization performance, achieving the optimal economic and safety solution for distributed photovoltaic absorption.
Tangle Free Permutations and the Putman–Wieland Property of Random Covers
Authors: Klukowski Adam , Marković Vladimir 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Let $\Sigma ^{p}_{g}$ denote a surface of genus $g$ and with $p$ punctures. Our main result is that the fraction of degree $n$ covers of $\Sigma ^{p}_{g}$ that have the Putman–Wieland property tends to $1$ as $n\to \infty $. In addition, we show that the monodromy of a random cover of $\Sigma ^{p}_{g}$ is asymptotically almost surely tangle free.
Sampling poorly studied lineages improves resolution in mitogenome-based phylogenies of leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)
Authors: Liang Zonglei , Zhang Junru , Dietrich Christopher H , Du Yimin , Dai Wu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Cicadellidae (leafhoppers) may be the most diverse and abundant insect herbivores in terrestrial ecosystems worldwide, with more than 23,000 described species in 20 extant subfamilies. Although prior studies have supported the monophyly of most recognized subfamilies, relationships among these groups remain inconsistently resolved and previous molecular phylogenies have failed to support the monophyly of a few subfamilies. To help address this deficiency, we combined 24 new complete mitogenomes representing 6 previously unsequenced subfamilies and 13 tribes with previously available data to create a dataset of 79 cicadellid taxa representing 16 subfamilies for phylogenetic analysis. The new analyses confirm that leafhopper mitochondrial genomes are highly conservative in overall structure, with only a few rare rearrangements of tRNAs. All phylogenetic analyses consistently supported the monophyly of previously recognized cicadellid tribes for which more than 1 representative was included and all of the included subfamilies were also consistently recovered as monophyletic with the exception of Aphrodinae and Eurymelinae. Bayesian inference and Maximum Likelihood analyses with site-homogeneous models are only slightly affected by nucleotide compositional heterogeneity and yield more stable phylogenetic relationships of family-group taxa than analyses with a heterogeneous-site mixture model using PhyloBayes. Molecular divergence time estimates indicate that the main lineages of Cicadellidae, most corresponding to recognized subfamilies, diverged during the Cretaceous period (93–121 Mya).