bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrospective study of clinical profile and outcome of pediatric dengue cases in a teaching hospital
Authors: M. K. Alok Kumar , Patil Timmangouda R. , Veerabadhraiah Santhosh 
Published: December 2016

Background: Dengue fever is an acute febrile illness caused by 4 closely related viral serotypes of the genus Flavivirus. Dengue has a broad range of clinical manifestations and often with unpredictable clinical evaluation and outcome. So this study has been done to see the wide range of clinical presentation of dengue and its outcome.Methods: It is a retrospective study done in tertiary hospital during the period of 8 months. Study was done by collecting the previous records from hospital record section. There were 48 cases of serologically confirmed cases of dengue which satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. Results: In our study there were 52% of the cases of dengue fever, 16.6% of cases were dengue fever with warning signs and remaining 31.4% of patients were severe dengue. Common Clinical symptoms at admission were fever (100%), vomiting (77%), respiratory distress (56.25%), generalised weakness (54.1%) and pain abdomen (33.3%). Less common symptoms were loose stools (6.25%), periorbital puffiness (6.25%), altered sensorium (4.1%), oliguria (2%) and bleeding manifestations (2%). Out of these dengue children 70.8% of these children improved without complication, 20.8 % of children improved with complication, in the form of ARDS, acute liver failure, DSS, meningitis, 6.25 % of these children went DAMA and 2 % of children expired.Conclusions: In our study atypical presentations like respiratory distress, loose stools meningitis were commonly noted and bleeding manifestation at admission was rare in our study. Platelet transfusions have little role in management of dengue patients. Early diagnosis, careful monitoring and proper fluid management goes a long way in reducing the mortality due to dengue hemorrhagic fever and shock syndrome.
Acute kidney injury as a predictor of poor outcome post cardiopulmonary bypass in children
Authors: Alam Shahzad , Shalini Akunuri , Hegde Rajesh , Mazahir Rufaida 
Published: December 2016

Background: We objective of the current study was to identify the prevalence of AKI and classify them based on Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) staging system. We also evaluated the outcome of patients developing AKI and identified the associated risk factors.Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in pediatric cardiac ICU of a tertiary care hospital. Patient < 18 years who underwent cardiac surgery on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) for congenital heart disease were enrolled in the study. AKI was defined as increase in serum creatinine ≥ 0.3 mg/dl within 48 hours or 1.5 times or more from baseline within the first 7 days post-surgery. Results: Nine hundred and twenty children were enrolled in the study. Three hundred and twelve (34%) children developed AKI with 202 (20%) developing stage I, 92 (10%) stage II and 18 (2%) stage III. Resolution was achieved in all the patients and none developed chronic kidney disease. Risk factors for AKI were higher CPB time, higher aortic cross clamp time, significant arrhythmias and higher inotropic requirement at admission. Children with stage 2 and 3 disease had higher odds for requirement of mechanical ventilation > 24 hours and > 72 hours, length of ICU stay > 5 days and in hospital mortality. Conclusions: AKI following cardiac surgery is common. Although majority of the cases are mild disease and self-limiting it can significantly affect the outcome of these patients.
Neurocysticercosis: a commonest neuroimaging abnormalitiy in children with first afebrile seizure in central India
Authors: G. Agarwal , M. Lazarus , A. Roy , M. Ajmariya 
Published: December 2016

Background: Seizures are the commonest neurological ailments in paediatrics in ~10%, even though the role of emergent neuroimaging in first onset afebrile seizure is not well defined.Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in NSCB Medical College, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India to determine the incidence of neuroimaging abnormalities in children with first onset afebrile seizure and to make specific recommendations for use of routine neuroimaging in the new onset afebrile seizure. A total of 75 children (1 month to 14 years of age) with the new-onset afebrile seizure were enrolled and underwent clinical examination & neuroimaging. We defined first seizure using the international league against epilepsy (ILAE). The data were recorded and analysed by Student ‘t’ test for continuous variables, Fisher’s Exact Test or Chi square test for categorical variables. The critical level of significance was considered at P < 0.05 level.Results: Neuroimaging abnormalities were found in 66.7% of the cases, mostly in the children above 2 years of age (72.6 %) (P value <0.05). A significant relationship (P <0.001) was observed between focality (partial seizures (83.8%)) and abnormal neuroimaging, among these neurocysticercosis (26.7%) were in highest proportion with parietal lobe as the commonest involvement. The cases with contact history of tuberculosis /mantoux positivity/abnormal chest radiography were found significantly interrelated with tuberculoma (P <0.05).Conclusions: In developing countries like India the prevalence of neurocysticercosis and tuberculoma is high, hence neuroimaging in all cases of first onset afebrile seizure/ focal seizure with mantoux positive/ history of Contact /abnormal chest radiograph can be kept in a view for better management of child.
Association of azotemia with hypoglycemia in severe acute malnutrition how much concerning?
Authors: Ali Syed Manazir , Meshram Hari Shankar 
Published: December 2016

Background: Hypoglycemia is a known complication of SAM which is to be managed early to prevent morbidity and mortality. There is lack of literature regarding hypoglycemia and its associated factors in SAM children. This study aimed to evaluate predicting factors associated with hypoglycemia in children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in NRC.Methods: In this case-control design, we compared clinical and laboratory characteristics of children with and without hypoglycemia taken from a population of 299 children with SAM admitted in NRC.Results: Prevalence of hypoglycemia in SAM was 14%. Amongst the association it was found that deranged creatinine (P value of 0.002, odds ratio 2.9, 95% C.I.1.48 - 5.97) and deranged urea (P value 0.0001, odds ratio 3.6, 95% C.I. 1.79 - 7.2) were statistically significant. Diarrhoea (P value 0.7, odds ratio 1.14, 95% C.I. 0.57 - 2.26), leucocytosis (P value 0.23, odds ratio 0.54, 95% C.I. 0.21 - 2.26), leucopenia ( P value 0.6, odds ratio 0.42, 95% C.I. 0.05 - 3.35) were found statistically insignificant.Conclusions: Azotemia in SAM was found significantly associated with hyponatremia.
Evaluation of health information system in reproductive and child health program at primary health center level: a system analysis
Authors: L. N. Deepa , D. Gopinath 
Published: December 2016

Background: Primary aim of health information system is, using it in decision-making. Not many systematic studies on actual status of health information system are available. So this study was undertaken to evaluate the current status of Health Information System (HIS) at the primary level in relation to selective components of Reproductive and Child Health (RCH) Programme and to determine its utilization for identification of problem and decision making at that level.Methods:Cross sectional study done in Bangalore Urban District. HIS was analyzed for completeness, timeliness and utilization. Monthly reports of previous 3 months from PHCs were looked for completeness and timeliness. Utilization of information was assessed by interviewing the medical officers of 4 PHCs for actions they intend to take for modifying the performance; prior to and also after providing them with analyzed information of the available data (customization of data). Both these were compared for differences and specificity of responses. For customization of the data, sub center reports were reviewed and few beneficiaries were interviewed.Results: 85% of the reporting formats were incompletely filled. It was observed an increase in number of medical officers giving more specific actions such as review in monthly meeting, ask explanation by specific sub-center health worker for not giving follow up care to improve the performance than the responses which were more general prior to receiving the customized data. It shows that MOs are not utilizing the available health information for identification of problem or to make decisions.Conclusions:This study showed that medical officers are signing the monthly reports prepared by health workers, without actually using the information at least to identify the problem as it was seen that coverage in one sub-centre was consistently low for all the three months but didn’t focus their actions towards that sub center.
Prevalence and correlates of alcohol consumption in Northeast states, India (evidence from district levels household survey: 2012-13)
Authors: Yadav Jeetendra , Gautam Subhash , Singh Kh Jitenkumar 
Published: December 2016

Background: Despite the increased awareness of adverse effects of alcohol consumption, India is a one of the countries with high prevalence of alcohol use. The third round of National Family Health Survey (2005-06) estimated that 32% men consume alcohol. Evidence suggests the magnitude of alcohol use is likely to be higher among Northeast who residing in adverse geographical settings. The objective of the study was to analyzed prevalence and determinants of alcohol use in Northeast states, India.Methods: The study using data from the fourth round of District Level Household Survey (2012-13). The outcome variables included in the study was alcohol consumption. The study used bivariate and multivariate to determine the prevalence, differentials and determinants of alcohol consumption.Results: The result shows that alcohol consumption was significantly high among the young age group of 25-34 years. The prevalence of alcohol consumption was high among male as compared to female and alcohol consumption is slightly low among more educated person. Alcohol consumption was high in Meghalaya and Mizoram as compared to other Northeast states.Conclusions: We conclude by this study that, the prevalence of alcohol consumption in Northeast was very high and alarming. There are really an important health concerns and they need to be counselled about the ill effect of alcohol consumption. Establishment of de-addiction centers or strong referral to de-addiction centers among those consuming alcohol is a might be a novel step for well-being of Northeast people. Government specially, Doctors and media should play their roles and spread information regarding harmful effects of alcohol consumption.
The relationship between fried food consumption and physical activity with diabetes mellitus in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Sudargo Toto , Pertiwi Shinta , Alexander Ruth Audy , Siswati Tri , Ernawati Yuli 
Published: December 2016

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of degenerative disease and the prevalence is increasing each year. WHO predicted that in 2025 the number of diabetes mellitus outpatients in the world can reach up to 300 milions people. Early detection is needed to prevent higher prevalence in type 2 DM. Moreover, nowadays people are tend to have sedentary lifestyle and bad food pattern. The Objective of this research aims to determine risk factors which related the evidence of type 2 DM.Methods:It was an observational study with cross sectional design. Subjects were 179 people of the study were staffs of Gadjah Mada University who did general check-up at Gadjah Mada Medical Center (GMC) health cencer on March and April 2014. Research variable included diabetic family history, ethnic, physical activity, habit of smoking history, obese, eating pattern, fried foods consumption and diabetes. Data of eating pattern and fried foods consumption are obtained by semi quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQFFQ). Data about diabetic family history, ethnic, habit of smoking are obtained by interview. Data about physical activity is obtained by IPAQ questionnaire and data about obese an fasting blood glucose value are obtained by secondary data from GMC health center. Data were analyzed using chi square.Results: There was significant association between diabetic family history, fried food’s consumption frequency and the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (p<0.05). There was no significant association between ethnic, physical activity, habit of smoking, obese, eating pattern, fried food consumption (fried foods mass, fried foods energy and fried foods fat) (p>0.05).Conclusions:Risk factors related with type 2 DM evidence are diabetic family history and fried food’s consumption frequency.
Prevalence of hypertension and its risk factors among adults in urban field practice area NMC, Raichur, Karnataka, India
Authors: K. V. Chethana , T. Anusha , Mane Abhay , Prasad Vijaya Mahanth , Sunkad Vijay Mahantesh 
Published: December 2016

Background: Hypertension is the commonest cardiovascular disorder, posting a major public health problem of the world and especially to population in socio-economic and epidemiological transition. It is one of the major and independent risk factors for non-communicable diseases like cerebrovascular disease, coronary heart diseases, and cardiac and renal failure. The recent WHO report states that considering the prevalence of any diseases, hypertension ranks fourth in the world. As it is hidden beneath an outwardly asymptomatic appearance, the disease does immense harm to the body in the form of ‘Target organ’ damage hence the WHO is named it the “silent killer”. The objectives were to estimate prevalence of hypertension among adults in urban population and to estimate the risk factors associated.Methods: A cross sectional, community based study over a period of one year from January 2013 - December 2013, in Urban field Practice area of Navodaya Medical College. Diagnostic criteria (based on JNC VII guidelines) includes SBP ≥140mmHg and/or DBP ≥90mmHg and persons already on anti-hypertensive treatment. Study Population includes people aged 18-65 years residing in the urban field practice area of NMC. Systematic random sampling method is used. Statistical Analysis was done by Chi Square Test by using SPSS version 17.Results: The hypertension prevalence was 33.6%. The prevalence increased with age. Males have shown higher prevalence of HTN (49.4%) compared to females (23%). Family history of hypertension was present in 36.9% of hypertensives. Majority were taking >6 grams salt per day. Prevalence of hypertension was more in past smokers (82.4%) followed by current smokers (51.5%) when compared to non-smokers (27.6%). 45.4% of hypertensives had stress.Conclusions: Prevalence of hypertension among adults in urban field practice area is 33.6%.There is significant association of hypertension with age, smoking tobacco, high salt intake, stress.
Does glycaemic status influence quality of life of type II diabetes patients: an exploratory study in Mysuru, Karnataka, India
Authors: B. B. Savitha Rani , N. C. Ashok , Kulkarni Praveen , M. Renuka 
Published: December 2016

Background: Type II diabetes is a major public health problem in India. The epidemiological shift of the disease towards younger and middle aged individuals has resulted in longer duration of life with diabetes among the patients. Diabetes being a lifestyle disease, requiring robust behavioural and social adjustments influences the quality of life of an individual to a largest extent.Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted among 200 type II diabetic patients attending JSS Hospital, Mysuru for a period of one year. Information regarding socio-demographic characteristics like gender, education, occupation was collected in a pretested proforma by interview technique. Assessment of Quality of life was done using the WHO BREF questionnaire. Glycemic status of subjects was assessed using glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1C) levels. The Data entry and Statistical analysis were done using Microsoft Excel and SPSS 22version. Descriptive statistics like mean and standard deviation of QOL calculated and analysed with Sociodemographic variables, inferential statistics like Chi-square and Man-Whitney U test was done.Results: Among 200 study participants majority, 53.5% belonged to age group of 41-60 years, 57.5% were males, 67.5% belonged to lower socio economic class according to BG Prasad classification, 85% were married, 51% were Obese, 44.5% were having family history of diabetes, 48% were having Hypertension, 68.5% were on oral hypoglycemic, 10.5% were on Insulin, 20.5% were on both oral hypoglycaemic and Insulin. Overall Quality of Life was poor in 114 (57%), 114 (57%) had Poor Physical QoL score, 109 (54.5%) had poor psychological QoL score, 108 (54%) had poor social QoL score and 113 (56.5%) had poor environmental QoL score and 87 (43.5%). Median score of overall score of QoL was less in uncontrolled diabetes when compared to controlled diabetes status, this difference was statistically significance (P value- 0.04).Conclusions: Patients with type 2 diabetes have a substantially lower quality of life. QOL was poorer in subjects with uncontrolled glycemic status compared those with good diabetic control.
Magnitude of behavioural risk factors for cardiovascular diseases among college going young adults (18-25 years) in Mysuru, Karnataka, India
Authors: Nair Lakshmi Malavika , B. Madhu , K. M. Srinath , Gopinath Anup , Yadav Kavita 
Published: December 2016

Background: Sedentary lifestyle and unhealthy diet patterns increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Estimating the magnitude of behavioural risk factors is vital for planners and policy makers to formulate appropriate and locally suitable interventions. The objective of this study was to estimate the magnitude and pattern of behavioural risk factors for cardiovascular diseases among college students (medical, dental, pharmacy, engineering and arts and science colleges) in Mysuru.Methods:A cross sectional study was carried out among students of medical, dental, pharmacy, engineering and arts and science colleges in Mysuru using snow-balling technique. Based on CDC-BRFSS (Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System) and Cardiovascular Risk Assessment Questionnaire developed by Metagenics, New Zealand, a self-administered questionnaire was developed according to the local cultural and food practices , which was used to collect information on dietary pattern, exercise pattern, tobacco and alcohol consumption. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 22) and P value of <0.05 was considered as significant.Results: In the study, 45.8% of 970 study participants lead a sedentary lifestyle and 13.1% exercise in the gym regularly. Majority of students from Arts and Science College lead a sedentary lifestyle. Dietary pattern assessment revealed that 71% of the students consumed fried food frequently (highest among medical students - 82.4%). Medical and dental students also consumed the maximum amount of sweets i.e. 60.9% and 67.1% respectively. Non-vegetarian food was frequently consumed by 30% of medical and dental students.47% of the current smokers were MBBS students. 37.8% of the students who consumed alcohol admitted to binge drinking.Conclusions:Unhealthy behavioural risk factors for CVDs are higher among medical students, despite the fact that they know most about the detrimental effects of these practices. Developing strategies targeting these behavioural risk factors to improve the health status of college students play a crucial role in protecting the youth from cardiovascular diseases in future.
Catastrophic household expenditure on health in an urban slum: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Nagendra Kanchana , Belur Mangala , C. Nandini , Krishna Anirudh 
Published: December 2016

Background: The World Health Report 2000 identified financial protection against the costs of ill health as a fundamental objective of health systems. Out-of-pocket expenditure accounts for an average increase in poverty by 2.9 percent for urban India. Therefore, this study aims at evaluating the out-of-pocket health expenditures as well as assessing the predictors of catastrophic health costs care in urban slums. The objectives was to find the prevalence of catastrophic household expenditures on health and to assess the determinants and illnesses commonly associated with catastrophic household expenditure on health.Methods:The study was conducted in a notified urban slum of Shivamogga district which was selected randomly and all the households were included in the study. Data was collected after informed consent using pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire and analyzed in SPSS vs18.Results: Out of 197 households, 94 (47.7%) households experienced catastrophic health expenditure in past one month. Most common conditions associated with catastrophic expenditure were respiratory infections (cough, cold and fever; p-0.034), arthritis (p-0.001), hypertension (p<0.01) and diabetes (p-0.015).Conclusions:We conclude that almost half of the community incurred catastrophic health expenses. Findings have important policy implications and can be used to ensure higher degree of financial protection against the economic impact of illnesses.
Study of prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the rural areas of Hubballi, Karnataka, India
Authors: Jahagirdar Shubhashri S. , Bant Dattatraya D. , Bathija Geeta V. 
Published: December 2016

Background: India is largely a rural nation. The prevalence of diabetes in the rural areas is increasing. The prevalence data is mainly available for urban areas and insufficient data is available for rural areas. Aims and objectives: To estimate the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in rural areas of Hubli taluk, Karnataka, India and also to assess the risk factors associated.Methods: One village was selected randomly in the taluk. Information was gathered on demographics, personal history, past history, family history of diabetes mellitus and hypertension, life style practices and other parameters pertinent to the study objectives. Blood pressure was recorded and anthropometric data was collected. FBS was recorded and WHO criteria was used for diagnosis. Results: 15.6% are known diabetic and 84.4% were non diabetic. According to IDRS risk scores, 6.4% subjects belonged to low risk category, 34.9% belonged to medium risk category and 58.7% belonged to high risk category. 11% of people were under weight, 40.4% were normal, 22% were overweight, 22.9% were pre obese and 3.7% are obese. 77.1% of people have normal FBS values, 8.3% had impaired glucose tolerance and 14.7% had impaired fasting glucose. There was significant difference in the mean FBS values (p=0.0001) and mean IDRS risk score (p=0.031) of Normal subjects, Pre-diabetics and Diabetics on ANOVA test.Conclusions: The total prevalence of Diabetes in the study was 22%. There was significant relationship between the family history of Diabetes among diabetics and non-diabetics (p=0.036).