bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Political Stability, Firm Characteristics and Performance: Evidence from 6,083 Private Firms in the Middle East
Authors: Hosny Amr 
Published: April 2017

AbstractUsing firm-level data from an EBRD/EIB/WB joint survey covering more than 6,000 private firms in eight countries in the Middle East and North Africa, this paper (i) examines the relationship between firm characteristics and their perception of the effect of political instability on their operations and (ii) tests whether political instability has had a negative effect on firm performance. Using ordered and binary probit/logit models, we find that (i) export-oriented and larger-sized firms are more likely to report political instability as a sever obstacle to their operations. Using OLS and an endogenous treatment linear regression models, we find that (ii) the perception of political instability is negatively
Development of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and genetic diversity analysis in blackwood (Acacia melanoxylon) clones in china
Authors: Fan Chunjie , Liu Qianyu , Zeng Bingshan , Qiu Zhenfei , Zhou Changpin , Chen Kaoke , Guo Guangsheng 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Understanding the genetic diversity of Acacia melanoxylon is very important in species selection and improvement. The present study aimed to identify microsatellite markers and determine the genetic diversity of 45 preferred clones selected from 9 Chinese districts. Seventy-six simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers developed for other Acacia species were screened. Seventeen SSR markers showed polymorphic patterns and amplified 134 alleles. Polymorphism information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.044 to 0.911. The average allele number per locus ranged between 2 and 18, averaging 8.06. Nine SSR markers were highly informative, with PIC values above 0.60. These findings demonstrated that SSR markers could be used to differentiate A. melanoxylon genotypes. Cluster analysis using UPGMA separated the 45 clones into 3 distinct groups at a similarity coefficient of 0.72. The clone groups identified in this study would be useful in developing intraspecific hybrids to exploit hybrid vigor as well as for commercial cultivation and genetic base broadening. The DNA fingerprints obtained for each clone could be used for biodiversity conservation.
Im Dazwischen. Zur Liminalität von Religion und Bildung in der postmigrantischen Gesellschaft
Authors: Simojoki Henrik 
Published: April 2017

Zusammenfassung:
Wenn Migrantinnen und Migranten über ihren Platz in der Welt sprechen, tun sie das oft in Wendungen, die auf ein „Dazwischen“ verweisen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird dieser für postmigrantische Gesellschaften charakteristische „liminale Raum“ kulturwissenschaftlich erschlossen, theologisch konturiert und vor dem Hintergrund der jüngsten Schübe in der Asylmigration auf seine religionspädagogischen Implikationen hin befragt.
Eine „Periode des Experiments“. Für mehr Realismus in der Debatte um die Zukunft des Religionsunterrichts
Authors: Kubik Andreas 
Published: April 2017

Zusammenfassung:
Der konfessionelle Religionsunterricht nach Art. 7.3 GG gerät zunehmend in eine Legitimitätskrise. Zugleich entdeckt die Politik seinen Wert neu, nicht zuletzt, um islamischen Religionsunterricht ermöglichen zu können. Dieser Artikel untersucht, ob die diskutierten Alternativen sowohl zukunftsgewandt als auch politisch realisierbar erscheinen. Zu diesem Zweck werden einerseits die rechtlichen Möglichkeiten dargelegt und zum anderen zentrale religionspädagogische Argumente systematisch erörtert.
An Aversive Response to Osmotic Upshift inCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Yu Jingyi , Yang Wenxing , Liu He , Hao Yingsong , Zhang Yun 
Published: April 2017

AbstractEnvironmental osmolarity presents a common type of sensory stimulus to animals. While behavioral responses to osmotic changes are important for maintaining a stable intracellular osmolarity, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In the natural habitat ofCaenorhabditis elegans, changes in environmental osmolarity are commonplace. It is known that the nematode acutely avoids shocks of extremely high osmolarity. Here, we show thatC. elegansalso generates gradually increased aversion of mild upshifts in environmental osmolarity. Different from an acute avoidance of osmotic shocks that depends on the function of a transient receptor potential vanilloid channel, the slow aversion to osmotic upshifts requires the cGMP-gated sensory channel subunit TAX-2. TAX-2 acts in several sensory neurons that are exposed to body fluid to generate the aversive response through a motor network that underlies navigation. Osmotic upshifts activate the body cavity sensory neuron URX, which is known to induce aversion upon activation. Together, our results characterize the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying a novel sensorimotor response to osmotic stimuli and reveal thatC. elegansengages different behaviors and the underlying mechanisms to regulate responses to extracellular osmolarity.
Epigenetic Age Acceleration Assessed with Human White-Matter Images
Authors: Hodgson Karen , Carless Melanie A. , Kulkarni Hemant , Curran Joanne E. , Sprooten Emma , Knowles Emma E. , Mathias Samuel , Göring Harald H.H. , Yao Nailin , Olvera Rene L. , Fox Peter T. , Almasy Laura , Duggirala Ravi , Blangero John , Glahn David C. 
Published: April 2017

The accurate estimation of age using methylation data has proved a useful and heritable biomarker, with acceleration in epigenetic age predicting a number of age-related phenotypes. Measures of white matter integrity in the brain are also heritable and highly sensitive to both normal and pathological aging processes across adulthood. We consider the phenotypic and genetic interrelationships between epigenetic age acceleration and white matter integrity in humans. Our goal was to investigate processes that underlie interindividual variability in age-related changes in the brain. Using blood taken from a Mexican-American extended pedigree sample (n= 628; age = 23.28–93.11 years), epigenetic age was estimated using the method developed by Horvath (2013). Forn= 376 individuals, diffusion tensor imaging scans were also available. The interrelationship between epigenetic age acceleration and global white matter integrity was investigated with variance decomposition methods. To test for neuroanatomical specificity, 16 specific tracts were additionally considered. We observed negative phenotypic correlations between epigenetic age acceleration and global white matter tract integrity (ρpheno= −0.119,p= 0.028), with evidence of shared genetic (ρgene= −0.463,p= 0.013) but not environmental influences. Negative phenotypic and genetic correlations with age acceleration were also seen for a number of specific white matter tracts, along with additional negative phenotypic correlations between granulocyte abundance and white matter integrity. These findings (i.e., increased acceleration in epigenetic age in peripheral blood correlates with reduced white matter integrity in the brain and shares common genetic influences) provide a window into the neurobiology of aging processes within the brain and a potential biomarker of normal and pathological brain aging.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTEpigenetic measures can be used to predict age with a high degree of accuracy and so capture acceleration in biological age, relative to chronological age. The white matter tracts within the brain are also highly sensitive to aging processes. We show that increased biological aging (measured using epigenetic data from blood samples) is correlated with reduced integrity of white matter tracts within the human brain (measured using diffusion tensor imaging) with data from a large sample of Mexican-American families. Given the family design of the sample, we are also able to demonstrate that epigenetic aging and white matter tract integrity also share common genetic influences. Therefore, epigenetic age may be a potential, and accessible, biomarker of brain aging.
Concurrent tACS-fMRI Reveals Causal Influence of Power Synchronized Neural Activity on Resting State fMRI Connectivity
Authors: Bächinger Marc , Zerbi Valerio , Moisa Marius , Polania Rafael , Liu Quanying , Mantini Dante , Ruff Christian , Wenderoth Nicole 
Published: April 2017

Resting state fMRI (rs-fMRI) is commonly used to study the brain's intrinsic neural coupling, which reveals specific spatiotemporal patterns in the form of resting state networks (RSNs). It has been hypothesized that slow rs-fMRI oscillations (<0.1 Hz) are driven by underlying electrophysiological rhythms that typically occur at much faster timescales (>5 Hz); however, causal evidence for this relationship is currently lacking. Here we measured rs-fMRI in humans while applying transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) to entrain brain rhythms in left and right sensorimotor cortices. The two driving tACS signals were tailored to the individual's α rhythm (8–12 Hz) and fluctuated in amplitude according to a 1 Hz power envelope. We entrained the left versus right hemisphere in accordance to two different coupling modes where either α oscillations were synchronized between hemispheres (phase-synchronized tACS) or the slower oscillating power envelopes (power-synchronized tACS). Power-synchronized tACS significantly increased rs-fMRI connectivity within the stimulated RSN compared with phase-synchronized or no tACS. This effect outlasted the stimulation period and tended to be more effective in individuals who exhibited a naturally weak interhemispheric coupling. Using this novel approach, our data provide causal evidence that synchronized power fluctuations contribute to the formation of fMRI-based RSNs. Moreover, our findings demonstrate that the brain's intrinsic coupling at rest can be selectively modulated by choosing appropriate tACS signals, which could lead to new interventions for patients with altered rs-fMRI connectivity.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTResting state fMRI (rs-fMRI) has become an important tool to estimate brain connectivity. However, relatively little is known about how slow hemodynamic oscillations measured with fMRI relate to electrophysiological processes. It was suggested that slowly fluctuating power envelopes of electrophysiological signals synchronize across brain areas and that the topography of this activity is spatially correlated to resting state networks derived from rs-fMRI. Here we take a novel approach to address this problem and establish a causal link between the power fluctuations of electrophysiological signals and rs-fMRI via a new neuromodulation paradigm, which exploits these power synchronization mechanisms. These novel mechanistic insights bridge different scientific domains and are of broad interest to researchers in the fields of Medical Imaging, Neuroscience, Physiology, and Psychology.
Mid-Childhood Bone Mass After Exposure to Repeat Doses of Antenatal Glucocorticoids: A Randomized Trial
Authors: McKinlay Christopher J.D. , Cutfield Wayne S. , Battin Malcolm R. , Dalziel Stuart R. , Crowther Caroline A. , Harding Jane E. ,   for the ACTORDS Follow-up Group
Published: April 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Treatment of women at risk for preterm birth with repeat doses of glucocorticoids reduces neonatal morbidity, but could have adverse effects on skeletal development. We assessed whether exposure to repeat antenatal betamethasone alters bone mass in children whose mothers participated in the Australasian Collaborative Trial of Repeat Doses of Corticosteroids.

METHODS:
Women were randomized to a single dose of betamethasone or placebo, ≥7 days after an initial course of glucocorticoids, repeated each week that they remained at risk for preterm birth at &lt;32 weeks’ gestation. In this follow-up study, children underwent whole-body dual-energy radiograph absorptiometry at 6 to 8 years’ corrected age.

RESULTS:
Of 212 eligible childhood survivors, 185 were studied (87%; 91 repeat betamethasone group; 94 placebo [single course] group). Children exposed to repeat antenatal betamethasone and those exposed to placebo had similar whole-body bone mineral content (median repeat betamethasone: 553 g, interquartile range: 442–712 g; placebo: 567 g, interquartile range: 447–750 g; geometric mean ratio: 0.99; 95% confidence interval: 0.94–1.03, P = .55) and bone area (median repeat betamethasone 832 cm2, interquartile range: 693–963 cm2; placebo: 822 cm2, interquartile range: 710–1020 cm2; geometric mean ratio: 0.99, 95% confidence interval: 0.92–1.07, P = .75).

CONCLUSIONS:
Exposure to repeat doses of antenatal betamethasone compared with a single course of glucocorticoids does not alter bone mass in mid-childhood.
ДИНАМІКА РИЗОСФЕРНОЇ МІКРОБІОТИ СОНЯШНИКУ
Authors: Zhatova G. A. , Trotsenko V. I. 
Published: April 2017

<p>Microflora dynamics analysis of the rhizosphere and rhizoplane of sunflower plant genotypes: varieties, hybrid, line was set out. It was found that the number of major ecological and trophic groups of microorganisms in rhizosphere and rhizoplane of sunflower depends on genotypic features of agriculture populations and transpiration of root exometabolites that determine the development and activity of trophic groups of microorganisms. Throughout the growing season of sunflower (the phase of "4-6 leaves" to the maturation phase) we observed the qualitative changes in the composition of the microbiota. In the rhizosphere of hybrid, the microcenosis structure was the most stable, whereas the rhizosphere of crop culture had different dynamics during crop ontogeny. The depressive effect of root exometabolites was connected with genotypic features of the line regards the microflora of rhizosphere and rhizoplane. These features can be used in the F<sub>1</sub> hybrids cultivation and primary seed production of self-pollinated homozygous lines.</p><p> </p>
Поліморфізм скоростиглих ліній кукурудзи плазми айодент та сестринських гібридів створених за їх участі
Authors: Dziubetskyi B. V. , Cherchel V. Yu. , Abelmasov O. V. , Borisova V. V. , Plotka V. V. 
Published: April 2017

<p><strong>Objective.</strong> Assessment collection early-season of constant lines germplasm Iodent by morphological and biological parameters, level hypothetical heterosis in nursing crossings and their polymorphism as an integral component of the breeding cycle. <strong>Methods.</strong> Field, mathematical, and statistical. <strong>Results. </strong>The results to the research in the 2013-2015, found that sister hybrids of the least volatile yields grain by years of research were obtained by crossing lines DK744, MS555, DK216. Calculation of correlation coefficients between hypothetical heterosis and genetic distances found no significant association (ɤ=0,118-0,359), and between the yield of nursing hybrids and genetic distances (ɤ=0,167-0,351). Revealed that the line MS555 exceeded the yield of grain line control DK744 to 0,13 t/ha, and had less long period of stairs ̶ flowering 50% heads for 0,3 days. <strong>Conclusions. </strong>Assessment collection early-season of constant lines germplasm Iodent by the complex morphological and biological parameters helped identify the best samples MS555 and DK1274 compared with control DK744. Highlight sister hybrids with significant manifestation of a hypothetical heterosis DK714/195 (142,6%), DK237 (117,7%) DK234 (116,4%), and lowest - MS555 (61,6%), DK744 (78,2%), DK1274 (77,2%). Sister combination between the lines DK744, MS555, DK216 characterized highest stability yield in the years of research.</p>
Sistema de costos basado en actividades en hoteles cuatro estrellas del Estado Mérida, Venezuela
Authors: Coromoto Morillo Marysela , Cardozo Cororina Del Carmen 
Published: April 2017

Las empresas actualmente demandan sistemas de costos que reporten un mayor detalle en la información generada, con el propósito de orientar la aplicación de estrategias que conduzcan a captar y apropiarse de mayores espacios de mercado, sobre todo cuando la competitividad es elevada; por ello, se formuló un sistema de costos basado en actividades, conocido por sus siglas en inglés como ABC (Activity-Based Costing), aplicado a los hoteles de turismo de cuatro estrellas de Mérida, en Venezuela, para el control y reducción de costos en los servicios prestados. A partir de una investigación de carácter exploratorio, con un diseño de campo y con apoyo documental, se halló que el sector hotelero encuentra en el ABC una oportunidad para afinar controles sobre los altos y variados costos en los que incurre a partir del conocimiento profundo de actividades consumidas, con sus medidas y frecuencia. De esta manera, se obtiene el costo real de los distintos servicios al vincularlos con las actividades desarrolladas para su obtención; finalmente, se sugiere un conjunto de variables que pudieran fungir como generadoras de valor e indicadoras de eficiencia. Se concluye que el ABC representa una herramienta de gestión que orienta las decisiones estratégicas y el control de los costos con la consecuente reducción de los mismos para la maximización de beneficios.
Food as Outreach: Bridging Social Boundaries with Sacred Feasts
Authors: Rigney Cressida 
Published: April 2017

Food is a medium for extending charity and constituting community, in the face of social and cultural divisions, based on perceptions of purity. The work of charitable groups The Red Frogs, The Homeless Run, and Reverend Bill Crews’ Loaves and Fishes in contemporary Australia creates links between cultural and spiritual food practices of religious and secular groups. Food charity transcends boundaries embracing the marginalised and needy groups of society, building temporary and permanent nourishing communities, while rejecting tensions of purity-based social division. This is the ?rst academic treatment of all three charities, which have to date been featured only in the popular media.
Food charity extends commensality to those who are frequently separated from the charity providers. This feeds physical and spiritual needs of both benefactors and bene?ciaries. The benefactors accrue a sense of personal success in living out their faith and the needy experience purposefully given commensality and acceptance. Such charitable actions challenge the notions of purity that divide people, demonstrate the importance of practical faith, and utilise the power of food regularly to build temporary and permanent communities based on care and commensality. They work to protect, nourish, enrich, and elevate the lives of those who bene?t from the food distributed, rejecting social division on the basis of socially constructed understandings of purity.
Bioética y humanización de los servicios asistenciales en la salud
Authors: Andino Acosta Carlos Andrés 
Published: April 2017

<p> Las circunstancias que relacionan la realidad del ser humano lo ponen en oposición con su humanización, es decir, en contraste con su humanismo. Hoy existen muchas crisis en este aspecto, y por más avances técnicos, científicos y biomédicos, en los que el centro de todo es la persona, el humanismo y la humaniza­ción se deterioran, y con ello el mismo ser humano, sus valores, sus principios, sus derechos, su dignidad y su calidad de vida. En este enfoque aparece la bioética como puente que une ciencia y humanismo, y pone en ejercicio los principios éticos que, sin la idea de dignidad, se vuelven ininteligibles. Aunque siempre existirán crisis, cada crisis exige superarla buscando otros medios y métodos que permitan volver a la persona, su humanidad, su humanismo y su humanización. Esta nueva inquietud de la humanización de la salud desde la bioética, conduce a que las prácticas estén en conformidad con el enfermo y con el respeto que exige su dignidad humana y su calidad de vida.</p>
Tendencias del encuentro bioético-biopolítico: visibilización en revistas indexadas de Iberoamérica
Authors: Velásquez Fandiño Laity 
Published: April 2017

<p> Los estudios biojurídicos, a partir de Foucault relacionan la administración de la vida y las relaciones de poder. Aparecen entonces dos conceptos: la biopolítica y el biopoder. La biopolítica nace en oposición al paradigma de la soberanía ejercida sobre el territorio y la vida, en sentido de la potestad del soberano de concederla o quitarla. Este artículo hace una revisión documental en las revistas indexadas en las bases de datos Dialnet, Redalyc y Scielo, con el objetivo de mostrar el comportamiento que tiene la relación bioética-biopolítica en los estudios bioéticos durante los años 1990 a 2013. Organiza la información con las variables siguientes: nombre de la revista, editorial, periodo consultado, números anuales y número total de artículos. Presenta un análisis descriptivo y temático de los datos encontrados.</p>
Extracción de semen post mortem: aspectos éticos y legales. Descripción de caso y estudio en Colombia
Authors: Barbosa Samuel , Cardenas Diana , Patiño José Félix , Noguera Efraín , De Brigard Ana María , Echeverri Sonia , Esguerra Roberto 
Published: April 2017

<p> La extracción de semen <em>post mortem </em>(ESP) para programas de fertilización <em>in vitro </em>es un procedimiento que se viene practicando desde los años 80. En las últimas décadas las solicitudes para realizar ESP han aumentado en todo el mundo. Este procedimiento ha desencadenado amplias discusiones sobre los aspec­tos éticos y legales en salud mental, con importantes preguntas que aún no tienen respuesta. En Colombia no se han documentado casos en la literatura médica o bioética indexada. En la mayor parte de los países todavía no se ha dicho nada al respecto ni por vía de tutela, ni por vía reglamentaria. En la actualidad extraer el semen de una persona después de fallecida es una realidad científica posible. ¿Esto es éticamente bueno y jurídicamente viable? El debate apenas se vislumbra y aún está lejos, parece, su respuesta. Este reporte de caso presenta un recuento histórico de la evolución de la ESP en el mundo y una presentación de caso del Hospital Universitario Fundación Santa Fe. También se presenta un análisis sobre las implica­ciones éticas de la voluntad del donante, de la parte solicitante, del niño y de los médicos, así como sobre las implicaciones legales y de salud mental en Colombia.</p>
Eugenesia en Colombia. Un problema de justicia social
Authors: Tovar Mosquera Juan Vianey 
Published: April 2017

<p>La eugenesia se consolida como un movimiento determinista de la condición humana que suscita grandes problemas y preocupaciones éticas, por los horrores que deja en la historia y por su posible incidencia, en el futuro de la genética. Este artículo aborda el primer componente y expone la forma como el movimiento eugenésico penetró la lógica político social de Colombia, en la primera mitad del siglo XX y generó graves problemas de injusticia social en el ámbito político, económico y cultural. De las diferentes esferas que componen lo social, la educación ocupa parte importante del desarrollo de este artículo, ya que las medidas eugenésicas estuvieron en gran parte destinadas a medicalizar, robustecer y regenerar moral y racialmente a la población colombiana, a partir de la intervención, a la primera infancia y a los escolares. La perspectiva de Justicia Social propuesta por Nancy Fraser, permitirá desde la bioética analizar los problemas éticos que suscitó la estigmatización de los nacionales como una raza débil, enferma, incivilizada y en camino de degenerarse inexorablemente. </p><p><strong>Palabras clave: </strong>Bioética, eugenesia, educación, justicia social, raza. </p>