bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased thermal stability of nanocellulose composites by functionalization of the sulfate groups on cellulose nanocrystals with azetidinium ions
Authors: Börjesson Mikaela , Sahlin Karin , Bernin Diana , Westman Gunnar 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTCellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) prepared via sulfuric acid hydrolysis are decorated with sulfate groups that yield a stable water suspension. To make the CNCs adaptable for use in composites, the hydroxyl groups on the surface are usually hydrophobized. In this article, an alternative hydrophobization method is described in which the sulfate groups are conjugated with azetidinium salts. The results of this study show that the sulfate groups can be functionalized with azetidinium salts and from thermal studies, it was discovered that the functionalization led to a 100 °C increase in thermal stability, compared with unmodified CNCs. The nanocomposites prepared by extrusion of CNC‐coated low‐density polyethylene powder displayed similar mechanical properties as the CNC‐reference sample, but without the discoloration, due to the increased thermal stability. In conclusion, the azetidinium reagent reacts preferentially with sulfate groups, and this new type of chemical conversion of sulfate groups on polysaccharides will be beneficial in nanocomposite manufacturing. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45963.
Silencing pyruvate kinase (NlPYK) leads to reduced fecundity in brown planthoppers, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)
Authors: Ge Lin‐Quan , Huang Bo , Li Xin , Gu Hao‐Tian , Zheng Sui , Zhou Ze , Miao Hong , Wu Jin‐Cai 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPyruvate kinase (PYK) operates in the glycolytic pathway, responsible for regulating the balance between glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. The previous work indicates PYK acts in development of Drosophila embryos and in embryonic muscle growth, from which it may be inferred that PYK acts in insect fecundity. More to the point, as a central enzyme in the glycolytic pathway, PYK acts in many energy‐spending functions in most organisms. On the background findings that triazophos (TZP) stimulates fecundity via increase activities of several genes in brown planthoppers, Nilaparvata lugens, we investigated the combined influence of TZP and silencing a N. lugens PYK (NlPYK) on reproduction‐linked biological performance parameters. Here, we report that TZP+dsNlPYK treatments led to reduced (by 26%) ovarian, but not fat body, protein content relative to controls. Ovarian (35%) and fat body (54%) soluble sugar contents were reduced. TZP+dsNlPYK treatments also led to reduced (by about 24%) fecundity, expressed as numbers of eggs laid. These data show directly that NlPYK acts in insect fecundity, probably via increases in glucose metabolism.
Enhancement effect on the chemiluminescence of acridinium esters under neutral conditions
Authors: Nakazono Manabu , Nanbu Shinkoh 
Published: November 2017

AbstractEnhancement effect on the chemiluminescence of acridinium ester derivatives under neutral conditions was investigated. Additions of phenols did not enhance the chemiluminescence intensities of acridinium ester derivatives in the presence of horseradish peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide. Additions of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide apparently enhanced the chemiluminescence intensities of phenyl 10‐methyl‐10λ4‐acridine‐9‐carboxylate derivatives with electron‐withdrawing groups at the 4‐position of the phenyl group. In particular, the chemiluminescence intensity of 4‐(trifluoromethyl)phenyl 10‐methyl‐10λ4‐acridine‐9‐carboxylate trifluoromethanesulfonate salt was 5.5 times stronger in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide than in its absence at pH 7. The chemiluminescence intensity of 3,4‐dicyano‐phenyl 10‐methyl‐10λ4‐acridine‐9‐carboxylate trifluoromethanesulfonate salt was 46 times stronger in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide at pH 7 than in its absence at pH 10.
Joint Experimental and Computational Investigation of the Flexibility of a Diacetylene‐Based Mixed‐Linker MOF: Revealing the Existence of Two Low‐Temperature Phase Transitions and the Presence of Colossal Positive and Giant Negative Thermal Expansions
Authors: Duarte Rodrigues Alysson , Fahsi Karim , Dumail Xavier , Masquelez Nathalie , van der Lee Arie , Mallet‐Ladeira Sonia , Sibille Romain , Filhol Jean‐Sébastien , Dutremez Sylvain G. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSolvothermal reaction in N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) between 1,6‐bis(1‐imidazolyl)‐2,4‐hexadiyne monohydrate (L1⋅H2O), isophthalic acid (H2L2), and Zn(NO3)2⋅6 H2O gives the diacetylene‐based mixed‐ligand coordination polymer {[Zn(L1)(L2)](DMF)2}n (UMON‐44) in 38 % yield. Combination of DSC with variable‐temperature single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction revealed the occurrence of two phase transitions spanning the ranges 129–144 K and 158–188 K. Furthermore, the three structurally similar phases of UMON‐44 show giant negative and/or colossal positive thermal expansions. These unusual phenomena exist without any change in the contents of the unit cell. DFT calculations using the PBE+D3 dispersion scheme were able to distinguish between these polymorphs by accurately reproducing their salient structural features, although corrections in the size of the unit cell turned out to be necessary for the high‐temperature phase to account for its large thermal expansion. In addition, the infrared spectra (vibration frequencies and peak intensities) of these theoretical models were calculated, allowing for univocal identification of the corresponding polymorphs. Last, the limits of our computational method were tested by calculating the phase transition temperatures and their associated enthalpies, and the derived figures compare favorably with the values determined experimentally.
Photoinduced Liquefaction of Azobenzene‐Containing Polymers
Authors: Weis Philipp , Tian Wei , Wu Si 
Published: November 2017

AbstractLight can liquefy some solid azobenzene‐containing polymers (azopolymers) by photoisomerization. Two types of photoinduced liquefaction of azopolymers have been reported: (1) polarized light can guide solid azopolymers “flow” along the polarization direction, which is called directional photofluidization and has been used for inscription of surface relief gratings (SRGs); (2) recently, some of us found that light can switch the glass transition temperatures (Tg) of azopolymers and induce reversible solid‐to‐liquid transitions of these azopolymers. This Minireview demonstrates and compares directional photofluidization and photoinduced reversible solid‐to‐liquid transitions of azopolymers. Potential applications based on photoinduced liquefaction of azopolymers are highlighted and some remaining challenges in the field of photoinduced liquefaction of azopolymers are discussed.
Synthesis of Metal Complexes with an Open‐Cage Fullerene as the Ligand
Authors: Zhou Zishuo , Xin Nana , Gan Liangbing 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAn open‐cage C60 derivative 9 with anilino, hemiketal, and lactone moieties on the edge of the opening was prepared through a fullerene‐mixed peroxide procedure. Key steps include decarbonylation, intramolecular Friedel–Crafts reaction and oxetane ring opening rearrangement. The open‐cage compound 9 readily reacts with various metal salts. A nickel complex was obtained by treating 9 with NiCl2 at r.t. followed by purification on a silica gel column. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis showed that the nickel ion is coordinated to two ligands with an octahedral geometry.
Conceptual Insights into DFT Spin‐State Energetics of Octahedral Transition‐Metal Complexes through a Density Difference Analysis
Authors: Pinter Balazs , Chankisjijev Artiom , Geerlings Paul , Harvey Jeremy N. , De Proft Frank 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn this study, an intuitive concept is derived, which explains the characteristic dependence of spin‐state energetics on the exact exchange admixture of DFT functionals in the case of octahedral transition metal complexes. The change in electron density distributions upon varying the admixture, c3, in the B3LYP functional is analyzed for archetype ionic and covalent systems as well as for the Fe2+ ion in an ideal octahedral field. An understanding of how the DFT description of the electronic structure of octahedral complexes changes as a function of c3 is sought. A systematic spin‐state energy analysis of 50 octahedral complexes of various metals and ligands with consistent experimental data is presented, allowing the derivation, in theory, of an optimal c3 value for each system. The notion that the admixture dependence of DFT spin‐state energetics stems from the treatment of nondynamic electrons arising from the mixing of (M–L
)0(d
)2 and (M–L
)0(d
)2 configurations into the dominant (M–L
)2(d
)0 and (M–L
)2(d
)0 ones in the low(er) spin states is put forward. That is, in the effort to mimic such electron–electron interactions, ExLDA overestimates, whereas exact exchange downplays the contribution of this type of electron correlation to the stability of low(er) spin states, leading to the widespread practical observation that the higher the exact exchange admixture, the more stable the high‐spin‐state configuration.
C−F Bond Activation by Silylium Cation/Phosphine Frustrated Lewis Pairs: Mono‐Hydrodefluorination of PhCF3, PhCF2H and Ph2CF2
Authors: Mallov Ian , Ruddy Adam J. , Zhu Hui , Grimme Stefan , Stephan Douglas W. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSingle defluorination of aryl polyfluoromethyl functionalities is achieved by both intra‐ and intermolecular silylium cation/phosphine Lewis pairs. Phosphine‐captured aryl fluoromethyl cations are then treated with Brønsted base to complete the first mono‐hydrodefluorinations of PhCF3, Ph2CF2, and PhCF2.
PMO‐Immobilized AuI–NHC Complexes: Heterogeneous Catalysts for Sustainable Processes
Authors: De Canck Els , Nahra Fady , Bevernaege Kevin , Vanden Broeck Sofie , Ouwehand Judith , Maes Diederick , Nolan Steven P. , Van Der Voort Pascal 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA stable periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMO) with accessible sulfonic acid functionalities is prepared via a one‐pot‐synthesis and is used as solid support for highly active catalysts, consisting of gold(I)‐N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes. The gold complexes are successfully immobilized on the nanoporous hybrid material via a straightforward acid–base reaction with the corresponding [Au(OH)(NHC)] synthon. This catalyst design strategy results in a boomerang‐type catalyst, allowing the active species to detach from the surface to perform the catalysis and then to recombine with the solid after all the starting material is consumed. This boomerang behavior is assessed in the hydration of alkynes. The tested catalysts were found to be active in the latter reaction, and after an acidic work‐up, the IPr*‐based gold catalyst can be recovered and then reused several times without any loss in efficiency.
Three‐Dimensional Network Structures Based on Pyridyl‐Calix[4]Arene Metal Complexes
Authors: Sgarlata Carmelo , Brancatelli Giovanna , Fortuna Cosimo G. , Sciotto Domenico , Geremia Silvano , Bonaccorso Carmela 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA new series of supramolecular assemblies is obtained through the interaction of 3‐pyridylmethyl‐calixarenes and copper or zinc ions. The complexes formed are characterized both in solution and in the solid state. The results offer appealing insights into how the steric crowding of the lower rim and different coordination modes of the metal centers have a great impact on the overall architecture of the complexes with the formation of monomeric, dimeric, or oligomeric/polymeric species.
Impact of variant microscopic interpretation of the uCyt+ immunocytological urine test for the detection of bladder cancer
Authors: Deininger Susanne , Todenhöfer Tilman , Hennenlotter Jörg , Gerber Valentina , Schwarz Jennifer , Bedke Jens , Schwentner Christian , Stenzl Arnulf , Rausch Steffen 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundUrinary marker tests for bladder cancer (BC) detection and surveillance represent a desirable approach to diagnosis and follow‐up. The SCIMEDX uCyt+ assay detects antigens expressed by BC cells (mucin glycoprotein and carcinoembryonic antigen) using green and red fluorescence and is interpreted according to specific manufacturer's recommendations. In the present study, we evaluated divergent approaches of numeric and morphological analysis of uCyt+ to generate a rationale for alternative test interpretation strategies.MethodsA total of 444 patients with hematuria and without history of BC underwent uCyt+ analysis, cystoscopy and histological examination of tissue biopsies. Beside positive cells according to the manufacturer's definition (definitely positive cells, DPC), (i) cells showing borderline character (borderline cells, BLC), and (ii) cells with staining present below defined border (subliminal cells, SLC) were included into the analytical algorithm. Different cut‐off levels for cell counts (>0, ≥3, ≥5) were evaluated separately with regard to their diagnostic accuracy. Moreover, the influence of clinical factors on test results were evaluated.ResultsAdding BLC at a cut‐off of ≥3 cells resulted in Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.70 for green and 0.77 for red fluorescence, respectively. Adding SLC led to reduced AUC (0.62 and 0.73, respectively). Male gender was significantly associated with false positive results in the “best AUC” groups (P = .0101). No further correlations to clinical influencing factors were observed.ConclusionsAdding microscopic BLC as test‐positive and adjusting cut‐off level for the interpretation of uCyt+ may improve assay performance independent of clinical factors.
Carcinoma showing thymus like elements: Report of a case with EGFR T790M mutation
Authors: Rajeshwari Madhu , Singh Varsha , Nambirajan Aruna , Mridha Asit Ranjan , Jain Deepali 
Published: November 2017

AbstractCarcinoma showing thymus‐like differentiation of the thyroid (CASTLE) is a rare tumor involving the thyroid and perithyroidal soft tissues. It shares morphological, immunohistochemical and molecular similarities with thymic carcinomas. Due to its relatively better prognosis, it needs differentiation from other primary and metastatic tumors of this region. A 40‐year‐old lady presented with a gradually progressive anterior neck swelling for one year. Imaging showed bulky right and left lobes of thyroid along with a solid soft tissue mass in the pretracheal region. Fine needle aspiration smears showed features of poorly differentiated carcinoma. Total thyroidectomy with excision of the mass revealed histopathological features characteristic of CASTLE, with evidence of thyroiditis in adjoining thyroid. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) assay revealed presence of EGFR T790M somatic mutation in exon 20. The same was not detectable on direct sequencing. We present a rare case of CASTLE, occurring in association with Hashimoto thyroiditis, with emphasis on cytological features and report for the first time the presence of a low level somatic mutation in EGFR (EGFR T790M mutation).
Generation and characterization of an estrogen receptor alpha‐iCre knock‐in mouse
Authors: Park Chan Jin , Chen Guanglin , Koo Yongbum , Lin Po‐Ching P. , Cacioppo Joseph A. , Prohaska Hailey , Ko CheMyong J. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryTwo estrogen receptors, ESR1 and ESR2, are responsible for the classical actions of estrogens in mammalian species. They display different spatiotemporal expression patterns and nonoverlapping functions in various tissues and physiological conditions. In this study, a novel knock‐in mouse line that expresses codon‐improved Cre recombinase (iCre) under regulation of the natural Esr1 promoter (Esr1–iCre) was developed. Functional characterization of iCre expression by crossing them with reporter lines (ROSA26‐lacZ or Ai9‐RFP) showed that iCre is faithfully expressed in Esr1‐lineage cells. This novel transgenic mouse line will be a useful animal model for lineage‐tracing Esr1‐expressing cells, selective gene ablation in the Esr1‐lineage cells and for generating global Esr1 knockout mice.
Scavenging along an ecological interface: utilization of amphibian and reptile carcasses around isolated wetlands
Authors: Abernethy Erin F. , Turner Kelsey L. , Beasley James C. , Rhodes Olin E. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractScavenging is an influential ecosystem process, providing many weak, but stabilizing food web links. Amphibians and reptiles (i.e., herpetofauna) utilize land/water interfaces and can have large biomasses concentrated here, making them important vectors of nutrients between aquatic and terrestrial systems and a valuable resource to scavengers. There are limited data on the fate of herpetofauna carrion, and thus, it is unknown how such carcasses are incorporated into food webs or how habitat and carcass characteristics influence which scavengers acquire these resources. We used camera traps to determine the proportion of experimental amphibian and reptile carcasses (lizards, salamanders, frogs, and toads) scavenged by vertebrates and invertebrates in two different habitats (wetland and upland) during the spring in the southeastern USA. Vertebrates removed 19.8% of all herpetofauna carcasses in both habitats, with the remaining carcasses removed by invertebrates (80.2%). We used log‐linear models to evaluate the impact of habitat and carcass type on scavenging. We determined that habitat, but not carcass type, was influential in determining whether a vertebrate or invertebrate scavenged a carcass, with vertebrates able to scavenge more carcasses in wetland than in upland areas. In less than two days, 86.2% of all carcasses in both habitat types were completely scavenged, and carcasses in wetlands were removed more quickly, suggesting intense competition between vertebrates and invertebrates. Additionally, we observed low vertebrate scavenger richness, which we attribute to high invertebrate activity in the spring and the small size of the herpetofauna carcasses (<100 g). We identified the scavenging pathways along which herpetofauna are incorporated into the food web and the factors that influence those pathways, suggesting the large extent and spatial scale of this resource's influence on food web connections and consequently food web and ecosystem stability.
Maintenance of memory CD8 T cells: Divided over division
Authors: Nolte Martijn A. , Goedhart Marieke , Geginat Jens 
Published: November 2017

AbstractOnce generated during an infection, memory CD8+ T cells can provide long‐lasting protection against reinfection with an intracellular pathogen, but the longevity of this defense depends on the ability of these pathogen‐specific memory cells to be maintained. It is generally believed that the bone marrow plays an important role in this respect, where memory CD8 T cells receive reinvigorating signals from cytokines that induce homeostatic proliferation. However, in the current issue of the European Journal of Immunology, Siracusa et al. (Eur. J. Immunol. 2017. 47: 1900–1905) argue against this dogma, as they provide evidence that CD8 memory T cells in murine bone marrow are not proliferating, but largely quiescent, which protects them from elimination by the cytostatic drug Cyclophosphamide. Interestingly, this is in sharp contrast to the proliferating cell counterparts in the spleen, which are eliminated by this treatment. Here, we will discuss the impact of these results, how they relate to opposing findings by others in the field, and what the relevance of these findings is for humans and clinical applications.
Validation of a Simple Extraction Method for Oil Bodies Isolated from Peanuts
Authors: Zaaboul Farah , Matabaro Emmanuel , Raza Husnain , Xin Boxin D. , Duhoranimana Emmanuel , Cao Chen , Liu Yuanfa 
Published: November 2017

Peanut preserves lipids in the form of oil bodies (OBs) which have great potential to be used in the food industries. In this study, a simple aqueous extraction method is used to extract peanut OBs and its effect on the properties and the stability of the resulted emulsions is evaluated. The above‐mentioned method involves, successive mechanical steps in order to release OBs from their cell networks, followed by purification using different recovery pHs and washing. Results shows that crude OBs had a high amount of extrinsic proteins and low physical stability. Washing OBs twice with the increase in recovery pH decreased the extrinsic proteins, the lipid oxidation, and improved the storage stability. The physical and the oxidative stability of all OBs emulsions was significantly enhanced by heating. These results suggest that peanut OBs extracted using this aqueous extraction method, can be used to prepare natural emulsions with improved long‐term stability.Practical Applications: Peanut oil is widely used in food industries in the form of emulsified oil. OBs can be represented as a better alternative solution of stable emulsified oil with a high content of antioxidant and phytosterols. Our results shows that peanut OBs can be isolated and purified by a simple aqueous extraction method. Therefore, the OBs emulsion resultant from this extraction under specific conditions (pH recovery 8.0 and washing twice with the same pH) is physically and chemically stable. Heat treatment such as pasteurization and sterilization which are essential processing steps in food industries can enhance the OBs emulsion properties by giving the emulsion better physical stability, lipid oxidation, and shelf life.Crude OBs: i) Have high content of extrinsic proteins; and ii) are not physically stable non matter the pH recovery used for the isolation. Washed OBs: i) The pI increased with washing and the increase of pH recovery; ii) pH recovery 8.0 gave the most physically stable OBs; and iii) pH recovery 11.0 gave the most stable OBs to lipid deterioration. Heated OBs: i) Heat did not enhance the stability of OBs recovered by pH 6.8; ii) heat increased reversibly the OBs particle size; and iii) heat can improve the OBs shelf life.