bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pregnancy as a Window to Future Health: Maternal Placental Syndromes and Short-term Cardiovascular Outcomes
Authors: Cain M.A. , Salemi J.L. , Tanner J.P. , Kirby R.S. , Salihu H.M. , Louis J.M. 
Published: August 2017

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2016;215(4):484.e1–484.e14)
Pregnancy-related morbidities, such as preeclampsia and placental infarction and abruption, have been linked to the development of future cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of death among women in the United States. Previous studies have mostly focused on these maternal placental syndromes (PS) and long-term risk (up to 15 y after giving birth) of CVD. This study investigated the short-term risk (up to 5 years after first pregnancy) of CVD, which would likely occur within the mother’s reproductive timespan and could impact future pregnancies. The study also examined the impact of PS and CVS on health care costs and utilization.
The Influence of Body Mass Index on Sensorimotor Block and Vasopressor Requirement During Spinal Anesthesia for Elective Cesarean Delivery
Authors: Ngaka T.C. , Coetzee J.F. , Dyer R.A. 
Published: August 2017

(Anesth Analg. 2016;123(6):1527–1534)
General anesthesia for cesarean delivery (CD) in morbidly obese patients is associated with significantly increased maternal and fetal risk. Neuraxial anesthesia using local anesthetics and opioids is preferred. Recent studies have suggested that the dose requirement for CD spinal anesthesia (SA) is lower in obese patients than in nonobese patients. However, the authors of this study hypothesized that obesity does not have a clinically important effect on vasopressor requirements or block height. In the present study, they compared responses in patients with widely differing body mass indices (BMIs) to an identical dose of spinal bupivacaine 10 mg and fentanyl 10 μg.
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Music Use During Epidural Catheter Placement on Laboring Parturient Anxiety, Pain, and Satisfaction
Authors: Drzymalski D.M. , Tsen L.C. , Palanisamy A. , Zhou J. , Huang C.C. , Kodali B.S. 
Published: August 2017

(Anesth Analg. 2017;124(2):542–547)
Listening to music during labor and delivery has been associated with lower anxiety and pain scores, in both laboring women and their male partners. However, the effect of music use in the clinical setting is still poorly understood. In this prospective, randomized, controlled trial, the authors determined the effects of music use during epidural catheter placement on laboring parturients as well as on anesthesia providers.
Intraperitoneal Instillation of Lidocaine Improves Postoperative Analgesia at Cesarean Delivery: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-controlled Trial
Authors: Patel R. , Carvalho J.C. , Downey K. , Kanczuk M. , Bernstein P. , Siddiqui N. 
Published: August 2017

(Anesth Analg. 2017;124(2):554–559)
Poorly controlled postpartum pain can place a patient at risk for chronic pain, postpartum depression, and negatively impact maternal-fetal interactions. Although multimodal analgesia has greatly improved pain control in general for these women, there remain a proportion of patients who report inadequate postoperative pain relief. Intraperitoneal local anesthetics, which have proven successful in abdominal surgery pain control, may be an effective adjunct. The authors of this study evaluated the effect of intraperitoneal lidocaine on postcesarean delivery pain as part of a multimodal analgesia regimen.
Anaesthetic Management of Parturients With Univentricular Congenital Heart Disease and the Fontan Operation
Authors: Monteiro R.S. , Dob D.P. , Cauldwell M.R. , Gatzoulis M.A. 
Published: August 2017

(Int J Obstet Anesth. 2016;28:83–91)
Over the past few decades, as surgical treatment of congenital heart disease (CHD) has improved, an increasing number of women with CHD are becoming pregnant and obstetric anesthesiologists must be able to manage these women during labor and delivery. One of the newest challenges is that presented by women with a single ventricular circulation that has been palliated with the Fontan operation.
Anesthetic Management of a Parturient With Varicella Presenting for Cesarean Delivery
Authors: Janardhan A.L. , Gupta N. , Prakash S. , Gogna R.L. 
Published: August 2017

(Int J Obstet Anesth. 2016;28:92–94)
Varicella (chicken pox) is caused by the varicella zoster virus (VZV) and usually occurs during childhood. Adult varicella cases are uncommon, but 5% to 10% of expectant mothers do not have antibodies to VZV and are at risk of becoming infected. The risk of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality is high in parturients with VZV infection. A serious complication in adults with varicella is pneumonia. Approximately 25% of varicella-associated deaths occur in adults, and pneumonia is a common cause. When a parturient with VZV infection requires delivery, there is not a clearly defined preferred anesthetic technique. This case report describes the anesthetic management of a 25-year-old parturient infected with varicella who required emergency cesarean delivery.
Labor Epidural Intolerance Due to a Congenitally Narrowed Spinal Canal
Authors: Dickerson D.M. , Dai R. , Scavone B.M. , McDade W. 
Published: August 2017

(Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2016;41(6):776–779)
This case report detailed the complications that arose with epidural analgesia by describing the case of a 34-year-old patient who developed pain in the upper back, neck, and shoulders following bolus injection into the epidural space. These symptoms were due in this patient to congenital spinal stenosis with a significantly narrowed cervical spinal canal.
Delayed Neuraxial Hematoma in Parturient With Fontan Circulation Following Neuraxial Anesthesia for Cesarean Section
Authors: Chiaghana C.O. , Bremer J.M. , Sappenfield J.W. , Wendling A.L. 
Published: August 2017

(Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2016;41(6):773–775)
This case report described the challenges posed by parturients with Fontan circulation, including the treatment for congenital heart disease and anticoagulation management during cesarean delivery performed under neuraxial anesthesia. Pregnancy, in general, increases the risk of venous thromboembolism and this is a common complication in patients with Fontan circulation. In this case, the 30-year-old parturient with Fontan circulation developed a neuraxial hematoma four days after her cesarean delivery performed with continuous spinal anesthesia. Morbid obesity and superficial phlebitis added to the complications in this case.
Subdural Hematoma Associated With Labor Epidural Analgesia: A Case Series
Authors: Lim G. , Zorn J.M. , Dong Y.J. , DeRenzo J.S. , Waters J.H. 
Published: August 2017

(Reg Anesth Pain Med 2016;41(5):628–631)
Subdural hematoma (SDH) is a rare but potentially serious adverse outcome following neuraxial analgesia. A wide differential diagnosis complicates the issue but SDH, especially after labor epidural analgesia, is more common than historically estimated. This case series estimated the rate of SDH after labor epidural at 0.026% or 1:3900 rather than the 1:250,000 to 1:500,000 estimated from previously published data. In addition, if a dural puncture occurs at the time of epidural placement the rate was estimated to be as high as 1.1% or 1:87. Thus, a postdural puncture headache (PDPH) following a neuraxial procedure must be monitored closely to avoid this complication and/or an incorrect diagnosis.
Which nonautoimmune myopathies are most frequently misdiagnosed as myositis?
Authors: Mammen Andrew L. 
Published: August 2017

Purpose of review
To discuss the spectrum of nonautoimmune myopathies that may be misdiagnosed as autoimmune myopathy.

Recent findings
Inherited myopathies, such as dysferlinopathy, calpainopathy, and facioscapulohumeral dystrophy may be misdiagnosed as autoimmune myopathy, especially when they have inflammatory muscle biopsies. Inclusion body myositis is frequently misdiagnosed as polymyositis when rimmed vacuoles are absent on muscle biopsy, and a careful neuromuscular evaluation is not performed. Hypothyroid myopathy can be misdiagnosed as immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy if thyroid function tests, including a T4 level, are not obtained. Self-limited statin myopathy can be distinguished from statin-associated autoimmune myopathy because patients with the former do not have autoantibodies recognizing 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase.

Summary
Autoimmune myopathies can usually be distinguished from nonautoimmune myopathies based on a combination of the patient history, neuromuscular exam, laboratory findings, and/or muscle biopsy features.
Thrombosis in adult patients with acute leukemia
Authors: Del Principe Maria Ilaria , Del Principe Domenico , Venditti Adriano 
Published: August 2017

Purpose of review
Recent studies indicate that the risk of thrombosis in hematologic patients may be similar or even higher than that found in patients with solid tumors. However, available information about pathogenesis and incidence of thrombosis in acute leukemia is limited. This review focuses on mechanisms underlying thrombosis in acute leukemia and discusses recent literature data.

Recent findings
In the last few years, proofs have been provided that leukemic cells release free prothrombotic products, such as micro-vesicles, tissue factors, circulating free DNA and RNA. Furthermore, leukemic blasts can activate the procoagulant population of platelets, which initiate and amplify coagulation, causing thrombosis. In addition to factors produced by acute leukemia itself, others concur to trigger thrombosis. Some drugs, infections and insertion of central venous catheter have been described to increase risk of thrombosis in patients with acute leukemia.

Summary
Thrombosis represents a serious complication in patients affected by myeloid and lymphoid acute leukemia. A proper knowledge of its pathophysiology and of the predisposing risk factors may allow to implement strategies of prevention. Improving prevention of thrombosis appears a major goal in patients whose frequent conditions of thrombocytopenia impede an adequate delivery of anticoagulant therapy.
Current status of blood ‘pharming’: megakaryoctye transfusions as a source of platelets
Authors: Gollomp Kandace , Lambert Michele P. , Poncz Mortimer 
Published: August 2017

Purpose of review
Donor-derived platelets have proven to be of hemostatic value in many clinical settings. There is a fear that the need for platelets may outgrow the donor pool in first-world countries. Moreover, there are other challenges with donor platelets that add to the impetus to find an alternative platelet source, especially after the megakaryocyte cytokine thrombopoietin was identified. Megakaryocytes have since been differentiated from numerous cell sources and the observed released platelet-like particles (PLPs) have led to calls to develop such products for clinical use. The development of megakaryocytes from embryonic stem cell also supported the concept of developing nondonor-based platelets.

Recent findings
Several groups have claimed that nondonor-based platelets derived from in-vitro grown megakaryocytes may soon become available to supplement or replace donor-derived products, but their number and quality has been wanting. A possible alternative of directly infusing megakaryocytes that release platelets in the lungs – similar to that recently shown for endogenous megakaryocytes – has been proposed.

Summary
This present review will describe the present state-of-the-art in generating and delivering nondonor-derived platelets. Progress has been slow, but advances in our ability to generate human megakaryocytes in culture, generate PLPs from these cells, and test the functionality of the resultant platelets in vitro and in vivo have identified important remaining challenges and raised alternative potential solutions.
Do Children and Adolescents With Inflammatory Bowel Disease Complete Clinical Disease Indices Similar to Physicians?
Authors: Diederen Kay , Gerritsma Jorn J. , Koot Bart G.P. , Tabbers Merit M. , Benninga Marc A. , Kindermann Angelika 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTObjectives:The degree to which children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) complete clinical disease activity indices in accordance with their physician is indefinite. Therefore, we investigated the agreement between patient‐ and physician‐based clinical indices in children and adolescents with a previous diagnosis of IBD.Methods:In this cross‐sectional study, IBD patients (8–18 years) were included prospectively. Patients completed a patient‐based short Pediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index (shPCDAI) for Crohn disease or the Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index (PUCAI) for ulcerative or indeterminate colitis. Physicians completed the original physician‐based shPCDAI or PUCAI. Agreement was calculated with linear weighted kappa.Results:In total, 154 pairs of clinical indices were collected: 89 pairs of shPCDAI's (median age at assessment 15.6 years, 61% men) and 55 pairs of PUCAI's (median age at assessment 14.0 years, 44% men). The shPCDAI disease activity category only fairly agreed between patient‐ and physician‐based indices (kappa: 0.40 [95% confidence interval 0.24–0.55], P < 0.001), with perfect agreement in 58% of pairs. In the majority of disagreement (81%), patients scored in a higher shPCDAI disease activity category. The PUCAI disease activity category substantially agreed between patient‐ and physician‐based indices (kappa: 0.64 [95% confidence interval 0.45–0.83], P < 0.001), with perfect agreement in 78% of pairs. In the majority of disagreement (75%), patients scored in a higher PUCAI disease activity category.Conclusions:Patient‐ and physician‐based shPCDAI and PUCAI do not always agree, particularly the shPCDAI, and therefore, should not be interpreted equivalently in management and research on children and adolescents with IBD.
High 18Fluor-DCFPyL Uptake in Adrenal Adenomas
Authors: Peper Johannes Gerrit Karel , Srbljin Sandra , van der Zant Friso Martijn , Knol Remco Johannes Jacob , Wondergem Maurits 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Radioisotope-labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) tracers have been proven accurate for detection of prostate cancer localizations. Uptake of those tracers in other malignant and benign lesions has been reported, including faint accumulation of 68Ga-PSMA-HBED-CC in adrenal adenoma. A 77-year-old man with prostate carcinoma was scanned with 18F-DCFPyL, a promising 18F-labeled PSMA ligand, for prostate-specific antigen progression while on luteinizing hormone–releasing hormone agonist therapy. The PET/CT shows 18F-DCFPyL uptake in bilateral enlarged adrenals. Non–contrast-enhanced CT scan indicated left adrenal adenoma. Regarding the high positive predictive value of multiphase contrast-enhanced CT (98%), presence of right adrenal adenoma is also likely.
Application of the Radio-Guided Occult Lesion Localization Technique for Renal Lumpectomy
Authors: Betancourt Hernández Jesus Andres , Vera Donoso Cesar , Martinez-Sarmiento Manuel , Monserrat Juan Jose , Bello Jarque Pilar , Boronat Tormo Francisco 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Incidence of small renal masses is increasing, and preservation of healthy kidney tissue along surgical removal is a challenge, especially if the tumor is small or nonexophytic. To facilitate the location and complete excision of the tumor during surgery, we have implemented the application of the radio-guided occult lesion localization technique from initial idea to clinical application.
Multi-institutional analysis of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in patients with severe hemorrhage: A new mortality predictor value
Authors: Duchesne Juan Carlos , Tatum Danielle , Jones Glenn , Davis Brandy , Robledo Rosemarie , DeMoya Marc , O’Keeffe Terence , Ferrada Paula , Jacome Tomas , Schroll Rebecca , Wlodarczyk Jordan , Prakash Priya , Smith Brian , Inaba Kenji , Khor Desmond , Duke Marquinn , Khan Mansoor 
Published: August 2017

BACKGROUND
The neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been associated as a predictor for increased mortality in critically ill patients. We sought to determine the relationship between NLR and outcomes in adult trauma patients with severe hemorrhage requiring the initiation of massive transfusion protocol (MTP). We hypothesized that the NLR would be a prognostic indicator of mortality in this population.

METHODS
This was a multi-institutional retrospective cohort study of adult trauma patients (≥18 years) with severe hemorrhage who received MTP between November 2014 and November 2015. Differentiated blood cell counts obtained at days 3 and 10 were used to obtain NLR. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis assessed the predictive capacity of NLR on mortality. To identify the effect of NLR on survival, Kaplan-Meier (KM) survival analysis and Cox regression models were used.

RESULTS
A total of 285 patients with severe hemorrhage managed with MTP were analyzed from six participating institutions. Most (80%) were men, 57.2% suffered blunt trauma. Median (IQR) age, Injury Severity Score, and Glasgow Coma Scale were 35 (25–47), 25 (16–36), and 9 (3–15), respectively. Using ROC curve analysis, optimal NLR cutoff values of 8.81 at day 3 and 13.68 at day 10 were calculated by maximizing the Youden index. KM curves at day 3 (p = 0.05) and day 10 (p = 0.02) revealed an NLR greater than or equal to these cutoff values as a marker for increased in-hospital mortality. Cox regression models failed to demonstrate an NLR over 8.81 as predictive of in-hospital mortality at day 3 (p = 0.056) but was predictive for mortality if NLR was greater than 13.68 at day 10 (p = 0.036).

CONCLUSIONS
NLR is strongly associated with early mortality in patients with severe hemorrhage managed with MTP. Further research is needed to focus on factors that can ameliorate NLR in this patient population.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prognostic study, level III.
L(3)mbt and the LINT complex safeguard tissue identity in the Drosophila ovary
Authors: Coux Rémi-Xavier , Karam Teixeira Felipe , Lehmann Ruth 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMaintenance of cellular identity is essential for tissue development and homeostasis. At the molecular level, cell identity is determined by the coordinated activation and repression of defined sets of genes. Defects in the maintenance of the genetic programs required for identity can have dire consequences such as organ malformation and cancer. The tumor suppressor L(3)mbt was shown to secure cellular identity in Drosophila larval brains by repressing germline-specific genes. Here we interrogate the temporal and spatial requirements for L(3)mbt in the Drosophila ovary, and show that it safeguards the integrity of both somatic and germline tissues.L(3)mbtmutant ovaries exhibit multiple developmental defects, which we find to be largely caused by the inappropriate expression of a single gene,nanos, a key regulator of germline fate, in the somatic cells of the ovary. In the female germline, we find that L(3)mbt represses testis-specific and neuronal genes. Molecularly, we show that L(3)mbt function in the ovary is mediated through its cofactor Lint1 but independent of the dREAM complex. Together, our work uncovers a more complex role for L(3)mbt than previously understood and demonstrates that L(3)mbt secures tissue identity by preventing the simultaneous expression of original identity markers and tissue-specific misexpression signatures.
Distributed cortical structural properties contribute to motor cortical excitability and inhibition
Authors: Dayan Eran , López-Alonso Virginia , Liew Sook-Lei , Cohen Leonardo G. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe link between the local structure of the primary motor cortex and motor function has been well documented. However, motor function relies on a network of interconnected brain regions and the link between the structural properties characterizing these distributed brain networks and motor function remains poorly understood. Here, we examined whether distributed patterns of brain structure, extending beyond the primary motor cortex can help classify two forms of motor function: corticospinal excitability and intracortical inhibition. To this effect, we recorded high-resolution structural magnetic resonance imaging scans in 25 healthy volunteers. To measure corticospinal excitability and inhibition in the same volunteers we recorded motor evoked potentials (MEPs) elicited by single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) in a separate session. Support vector machine (SVM) pattern classification was used to identify distributed multivoxel gray matter areas, which distinguished subjects who had lower and higher MEPs and SICIs. We found that MEP and SICI classification could be predicted based on a widely distributed, largely non-overlapping pattern of voxels in the frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital and cerebellar regions. Thus, structural properties distributed over the brain beyond the primary motor cortex relate to motor function.
Labeling of prokaryotic mRNA in live cells using fluorescentin situhybridization of transcript-annealing molecular beacons (FISH-TAMB)
Authors: Harris Rachel L. , Lau Maggie C. Y. , van Heerden Esta , Cason Errol , Vermeulen Jan-G , Taneja Anjali , Kieft Thomas L. , DeCoste Christina , Laevsky Gary , Onstott Tullis C. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTHigh-throughput sequencing and cellular imaging have expanded our knowledge of microbial diversity and expression of cellular activity. However, it remains challenging to characterize low-abundance, slow-growing microorganisms that play key roles in biogeochemical cycling. With the goal of isolating transcriptionally active cells of these microorganisms from environmental samples, we developed fluorescentin situhybridization of transcript-annealing molecular beacons (FISH-TAMB) to label living prokaryotic cells. FISH-TAMB utilizes polyarginine cell-penetrating peptides to deliver molecular beacons across cell walls and membranes. Target cells are fluorescently labeled via hybridization between molecular beacons and messenger RNA of targeted functional genes. FISH-TAMB’s target specificity and deliverance into both bacterial and archaeal cells were demonstrated by labeling intracellular methyl-coenzyme M reductase A (mcrA) transcripts expressed byEscherichia colimcrA+,Methanosarcina barkeri,and a methanogenic enrichment of deep continental fracture fluid. Growth curve analysis supported sustained cellular viability following FISH-TAMB treatment. Flow cytometry and confocal microscopy detected labeled single cells and single cells in aggregates with unlabeled cells. As FISH-TAMB is amenable to target any functional gene of interest, when coupled with cell sorting, imaging, and sequencing techniques, FISH-TAMB will enable characterization of key uncharacterized rare biosphere microorganisms and of the syntrophically activated metabolic pathways between physically associated microorganisms.
Detection of domain motion in NADPH-cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase through polarization anisotropy measurements
Authors: Kovrigina Elizaveta A , Xia Chuanwu , Kim Jung-Ja P. , Kovrigin Evgenii L 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTConformational transitions between closed and open states in the NADPH-cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (POR) play a critical role in its electron-transport function. In this study, we determined rotational diffusion coefficients of the EDANS fluorophore attached to the cytosolic POR construct lacking the N-terminal transmembrane region. We identified two dynamic modes, slow and fast, which are interpreted as the rotational diffusion of POR as a whole and the local domain motion, respectively. Timescale of the local rotational diffusion component suggests that it may correspond to the transient opening of the fully oxidized POR structure.