bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid Pharmacokinetics of Paracetamol After Intravenous and Oral Administration
Authors: Langford Roger A. , Hogg Malcolm , Bjorksten Andrew R. , Williams Daryl L. , Leslie Kate , Jamsen Kris , Kirkpatrick Carl 
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND:
We compared plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pharmacokinetics of paracetamol after intravenous (IV) and oral administration to determine dosing regimens that optimize CSF concentrations.

METHODS:
Twenty-one adult patients were assigned randomly to 1 g IV, 1 g oral or 1.5 g oral paracetamol. An IV cannula and lumbar intrathecal catheter were used to sample venous blood and CSF, respectively, over 6 hours. The plasma and CSF maximum concentrations (C
max), times to maximum concentrations (T
max), and area under the plasma and CSF concentration-time curves (AUCs) were calculated using noncompartmental techniques. Significance was defined by P < .0167 (Bonferroni correction for 3 comparisons for each parameter). Probability (X < Y) (p″) with Bonferroni corrected 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated (CIs including 0.5 meet the null hypothesis). Results are presented as median (range) or p″ (CI). P values are listed as 1 g IV vs 1 g orally, 1 g IV vs 1.5 g orally and 1 g orally vs 1.5 g orally, respectively.

RESULTS:
Wide variation in measured paracetamol concentrations was observed, especially in the oral groups. The median plasma C
max in the 1 g IV group was significantly greater than the oral groups. In contrast, the median CSF C
max was not different between groups. The median plasma T
max in the 1 g IV group was 105 and 75 minutes earlier than in the 1 and 1.5 g oral groups. The median CSF T
max was not significantly different between groups. The median plasma AUC (total) was not significantly different between groups; however, in the first hour, the median plasma AUC was significantly greater in the IV group than in the oral groups. In the second hour, there was no difference between groups. The median CSF AUC (total) did not significantly differ between groups; however, in the first hour, the median CSF AUC was significantly greater in the IV compared with the orally groups. In the second hour, there was no difference between groups. Our analysis indicated that the median C
max, T
max, and AUC values lacked precision because of small sample sizes.

CONCLUSIONS:
Peak plasma concentrations were greater and reached earlier after IV than oral dosing. Evidence for differences in CSF C
max and T
max was lacking because of the small size of this study.
The Concept of «Love» in the Aspect of Intercultural Communication (on the Basis of Journalistic Works of Ivan Ilyin)
Authors: Афанасьева  , Afanaseva O. 
Published: August 2016

The article analyzes the contents of the concept “love”— one of the key
concepts in the journalistic papers of Ivan Ilyin. In his works we find true
language culture and a deep understanding of ideas most important for
humanity. The source of the study is philosophical and journalistic sheets
“Our Mission” published I. Ilyin in 1948–1954. I.A. Ilyin wrote “Our Mission”
not only for his contemporaries but also “for the new Russian generation”.
He hoped that his findings and conclusions gained through suffering will the
new generations cope with the problem of Russia’s revival, with the task of
forming the spiritual nature of the nation.
I. Ilyin understands love as one of the three laws of the spirit, one of the
three great foundations of human life and culture. Such an understanding is
compared with modern ideas about the concept – the fact that we find quite
justified, because “Our Mission” has its roots in the pre-revolutionary culture
and the reading of the text in question is essentially a step in cross-cultural
communication mediated through language.
Unrecht und Rechtfertigung
Authors: Messmer Heinz 
Published: August 2016

Zusammenfassung:
Im Unterschied zu den meisten anderen Handlungsfeldern der Mediation zeichnet sich der Täter-Opfer-Ausgleich im Jugendstrafrecht durch geklärte Konfliktidentitäten aus. Bevor ein Mediationsverfahren durchgeführt wird, muss hinsichtlich der Verletzung einer strafrechtlichen Norm zunächst festgestellt werden, wer Täter und wer Opfer ist. Kommt es im Rahmen eines Ausgleichsverfahrens zu einer direkten Begegnung, wird der Unrechtsvorwurf seitens der beschuldigten Jugendlichen mittels verschiedener Rechtfertigungsmuster regelmäßig zu unterlaufen (oder wenigstens abzumildern) versucht. Auf der Grundlage empirischer Gesprächsdaten zeigt der vorliegende Beitrag auf, wie die hier beschuldigten Jugendlichen dem Unrechtsvorwurf begegnen, welche logische Struktur ihren Rechtfertigungen zugrunde liegt und welche Konsequenzen sich für die Verfahren des Täter-Opfer-Ausgleichs daraus ergeben. Auf der Basis dieser Befunde werden Grundzüge einer Theorie der Rechtfertigung expliziert, wonach die vorliegenden Rechtfertigungsmuster ein in sich logisch geschlossenes System der Schuldabwehr etablieren, das sich analog zu den Sinnkomponenten der Anschuldigung konstituiert.
Soziologie der Mediation aus historischer Perspektive
Authors: Kamp Hermann 
Published: August 2016

Zusammenfassung:
Der Beitrag greift aus historischer Perspektive drei während der Tagung mehrfach angesprochene Aspekte der Vermittlung auf. Zunächst geht es um die Stellung der Vermittler, die im Mittelalter nicht von Neutralität geprägt war. Deren Tätigkeit lebte vielmehr vom persönlichen Vertrauen beider Seiten, das damit als wichtige Ressource der Friedensstiftung hervortritt, die gerade auch mit Blick auf die Folgen der aktuellen Professionalisierung mehr Aufmerksamkeit verdient. Wie sich die Machtverhältnisse auf den Vermittlungsprozess im Mittelalter auswirkten, wie wenig die Vermittler bei vielen Konflikten an den Machtverhältnissen ändern konnten, wird im zweiten Schritt verfolgt, um zugleich aber hervorzuheben, dass Autoritätspersonen als Vermittler ihre Autorität einsetzten und weiter steigern konnten. Von daher erscheint es auch sinnvoll, dem bewussten Einsatz der eigenen Autorität im Vermittlungsprozess in Vergangenheit und Gegenwart eingehender nachzugehen. Der letzte Teil der Ausführungen widmet sich dann dem Verhältnis von Gericht und Vermittlung und zeigt, in welchem Maße die Vermittlung im Mittelalter von den Defiziten der Gerichtsordnung, insbesondere der fehlenden Akzeptanz bei bestimmten sozialen Gruppen lebte. Insofern unterstreicht der Blick auf die vormodernen Verhältnisse abschließend die Verflechtungen zwischen der bestehenden Rechtsordnung und der Bedeutung der Mediation und verlangt, nicht nur nach dem Gewinn, sondern auch nach dem Verlust zu fragen, den der Verzicht des Staates auf die gerichtliche Regulierung bestimmter Konflikte nach sich zieht.
Justin Sands: Hegelians in Heaven, but on Earth … Westphal’s Kierkegaardian Faith
Authors: Sands Justin 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Merold Westphal’s new publication, Kierkegaard’s Concept of Faith, gives us an opportunity to explore the many ways in which Kierkegaard has influenced Westphal’s thinking as a whole. This present contribution seeks to show how Kierkegaard helps Westphal discover a concept of faith which holds no ‘reasonable’ foundation as it is entirely dependent upon two different aspects of revelation in tension with each other. Moreover, faith is seen as a willing assent by the believer, and thus it becomes a task and not merely a proposition to behold or to which one’s life conforms. In addition to explicating this notion of faith within his work, this present contribution seeks to situate this faith within Westphal’s philosophy of religion, showing how it is integral to Westphal’s entire project.
Certificación de material vegetal sano en Colombia: Un análisis crítico de oportunidades y retos para controlar enfermedades ocasionadas por virus
Authors: Rodríguez Marlon H. , Niño Nancy E. , Cutler Joseph , Langer Juliane , Casierra-Posada Fánor , Miranda Diego , Bandte Martina , Fischer Gerhard , Büttner Carmen 
Published: August 2016

Los virus que afectan las plantas son de gran importancia en la producción agrícola de Colombia. Diferentes estudios indican que las pérdidas económicas causadas por estos problemas fitosanitarios, podrían evitarse con un mayor conocimiento sobre estos patógenos y mediante un sistema de manejo como guía. Los viveros, productores, comercializadores y consumidores, se beneficiarían de productos de calidad al controlar las fuentes de virus. Los acuerdos de libre comercio han dado lugar a una expansión de la producción agrícola y a la proliferación de cientos de viveros que no han sido objeto de inspección minuciosa por parte del estado. Este artículo presenta los principales virus que afectan dos importantes frutales exóticos de exportación para Colombia, los frutos de pasión (Passiflora sp.) y la uchuva (Physalis peruviana). A su vez, esquematiza lo que sería un programa de producción y certificación de material vegetal sano para los viveros y la creación de un programa nacional de certificación de material, dirigido por el Ministerio de Agricultura y Desarrollo Rural y el Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario (ICA); apoyado por las universidades con carreras agrícolas, centros de investigación y laboratorios fitosanitarios que proporcionarían un sistema de supervisión y control adecuados, para el material vegetal y esquemas de asistencia técnica oportuna para los agricultores. Esta iniciativa interinstitucional también apoyaría la implementación y el ajuste de las resoluciones fitosanitarias del ICA en semillas (R. 2046/2003), material de propagación en frutales (R. 3180/2009) y la resolución recientemente aprobada para el transporte interno de material vegetal (R. 3973/2016). Los productores necesitan acceso a material vegetal sano, para proteger la seguridad alimentaria nacional y mantener una ventaja competitiva en el mercado.
Espacialização dos serviços básicos de saneamento na zona rural do município de Pombal-PB
Authors: Araújo Sayonara Costa de , Silva Filho José Adalberto da , Silva Gabriela Muricy de Souza , Andrade Sobrinho Luiz Gualberto de , Nogueira Virgínia de Fátima Bezerra 
Published: August 2016

<p>Os serviços de saneamento básico prestados a uma parcela considerável da população que reside em áreas rurais apresentam elevado déficit de cobertura. Desta forma, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi obter um diagnóstico sobre a realidade do acesso aos serviços de saneamento na zona rural do município de Pombal-PB. A metodologia adotada consistiu na análise de dados oriundos do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística através do <strong>Sistema de Informações Georreferenciadas Estatcart e espacialização das informações por meio do <em>QGis</em> 2.6.0.</strong> Os resultados indicaram que a cobertura de domicílios, por um sistema de abastecimento de água, esgotamento sanitário e manejo de resíduos sólidos, é considerada ineficiente, uma vez que as residências não são atendidos ou tem um atendimento inferior a 20%. Contatou-se ainda uma desproporcionalidade dos serviços entre as zonas urbana e rural do município. A ausência de saneamento compromete a saúde da população. Logo, o diagnóstico do acesso aos serviços de saneamento é visto como uma ferramenta importante e necessária para implementação de políticas públicas que promovam melhoria da qualidade de vida dos moradores dessas localidades, bem como garantam a conservação do meio ambiente.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p align="center"><strong><em>Spatial analysis of sanitation services in the rural zone of Pombal, Paraíba State, Brazil</em></strong></p><p><strong>Abstract</strong><strong>: </strong>Basic sanitation services that are provided to a considerable portion of the population living in rural areas have high deficit coverage. This paper aims at obtaining a diagnosis of access to sanitation services in the rural zones of Pombal, Paraíba State, Brazil. The methodology consisted of data analysing from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics through the Georeferenced Information System Estatcart and spatial information through QGIS 2.6.0. The results indicated that the residences coverage by water supply system, sewage system and solid waste collection, is considered inefficient, since they do not receive the services or have a coverage below 20%. It was also contacted a disproportionality of services between urban and rural areas in the municipality. The lack of sanitation affects the health of the population. Therefore, the diagnosis of access to sanitation services is seen as an important and necessary tool for the implementation of public policies that improve the quality of life of those who live in rural areas, as well as ensure the conservation of the environment.</p>
Influence of Obesity on Periodontitis Progression Is Conditional on Interleukin‐1 Inflammatory Genetic Variation
Authors: Wilkins Leon M. , Kaye Elizabeth K. , Wang Hwa‐Ying , Rogus John , Doucette‐Stamm Lynn , Kornman Kenneth , Garcia Raul I. 
Published: August 2016

Background: This study evaluates whether specific patterns of interleukin (IL)‐1 gene variants, known to affect periodontitis severity, influence the previously reported association between obesity and subsequent periodontitis progression in a longitudinal database. The study population included 292 men (aged 29 to 64 years at entry) from the Veterans Affairs Dental Longitudinal Study from whom DNA and dental and anthropometric endpoints were collected during multiple examinations (approximately every 3 years for up to 27 years).Methods: Key variables assessed included: 1) periodontitis; 2) body mass index; 3) waist circumference to height (WHTR) ratio for central adiposity; 4) age; 5) smoking; 6) glucose tolerance; and 7) two previously reported versions of IL‐1 genetic patterns associated with periodontitis severity and progression. Disease progression was determined using predefined criteria that used a combination of change in classification of disease severity based on alveolar bone loss and tooth loss during follow‐up. Extended Cox regression analyses were used to estimate hazards of experiencing periodontal disease progression with or without adjustments for appropriate covariates.Results: In hazard ratio analyses, men with WHTR >50% at baseline and positive for either IL‐1 genotype version were at significantly higher risk (two‐fold) for disease progression (P for interaction = 0.04). Participants positive for IL‐1 genotype version 2 exhibited earlier progression (fewer years from baseline to first incidence of progression) than those who were negative (P = 0.02, adjusted for age and smoking).Conclusion: In this longitudinally monitored male population, observed effect of baseline central adiposity on future periodontitis progression is conditional on proinflammatory IL‐1 genetic variations.
La libertad de imprenta en la América española (ensayo de historia comparada sobre la opinión pública moderna)
Authors: Loaiza Cano Gilberto 
Published: August 2016

Este ensayo pretende mostrar las diferencias y semejanzas en el proceso de instauración de la libertad de imprenta en varios lugares de la América española. El análisis estará concentrado en los decenios 1810 a 1830, e incluye lo sucedido en Nueva España, Nueva Granada, Río de la Plata y Chile, principalmente.
La mujer lectora en la “prensa femenina” del siglo XIX. Estudio comparativo entre Biblioteca de Señoritas (1858–1859) y La Mujer (1878-1881)
Authors: Gil Medina Cristina 
Published: August 2016

A mediados del siglo XIX, la prensa en Colombia comenzó a especializarse en un tipo de lector al que antes no estaba dirigida de manera explícita: la mujer. Esta iniciativa requería una actualización en la administración de las publicaciones periódicas, que se evidenciaba en su materialidad, contenido, notas editoriales, temáticas, géneros, entre otros aspectos. De este modo, cada publicación daba cuenta de una orientación ideológica que la guiaba y, en esa medida, expresaba la concepción que tenía sobre la mujer, su papel en la sociedad y, consecuentemente, la figura de la lectora ideal que pretendía forjar.
Ilustración nariñense, la revista cultural del sur de Colombia 1924-1955
Authors: Álvarez Hoyos María Teresa 
Published: August 2016

Este artículo presenta la revista Ilustración Nariñense, una revista cultural de la primera mitad del siglo XX, que se editó en Pasto durante más de tres décadas, cumpliendo una importante función en la construcción de un imaginario colectivo sobre el progreso de la región que pasaba por lograr formas para superar el aislamiento geográfico. Como empeño editorial se convirtió en instrumento para cimentar un proyecto común de transformación de la región, a través de la lucha por la instalación de un sistema vial que facilitara las comunicaciones con el país y el extranjero, bajo el supuesto de que el progreso de la región estaba anclado a la construcción de la vía férrea.La actividad periodística y ensayística de la revista intentó quebrar el aislamiento intelectual de la comarca y propiciar la difusión de los intereses y problemas regionales. Para el estudio de la publicación se examinaron aspectos materiales y de contenido, que implicó la elaboración de índices temáticos y cronológicos y un análisis de los artículos de tipo hermenéutico, de tal modo que permitiera interpretar los ejes que estructuraron la revista.
Beneficial Properties of Probiotics
Authors: Lye Huey Shi  , Kunasundari Balakrishnan  , Kokila Thiagarajah  , Nor Ismaliza Mohd Ismail  , Ooi Shao Yin  
Published: August 2016

Probiotics are live microorganisms that can be found in fermented foods and cultured milk, and are widely used for the preparation of infant food. They are well-known as “health friendly bacteria”, which exhibit various health beneficial properties such as prevention of bowel diseases, improving the immune system, for lactose intolerance and intestinal microbial balance, exhibiting antihypercholesterolemic and antihypertensive effects, alleviation of postmenopausal disorders, and reducing traveller’s diarrhoea. Recent studies have also been focused on their uses in treating skin and oral diseases. In addition to that, modulation of the gut-brain by probiotics has been suggested as a novel therapeutic solution for anxiety and depression. Thus, this review discusses on the current probiotics-based products in Malaysia, criteria for selection of probiotics, and evidences obtained from past studies on how probiotics have been used in preventing intestinal disorders via improving the immune system, acting as an antihypercholesterolemic factor, improving oral and dermal health, and performing as anti-anxiety and anti-depressive agents.

Probiotik ialah mikroorganisma hidup yang boleh didapati dalam makanan fermentasi dan susu kultur, dan digunakan secara meluas dalam penyediaan makanan bayi. Probiotik dikenali sebagai “bakteria baik” yang memiliki pelbagai manfaat untuk kesihatan seperti pencegahan penyakit usus, peningkatan sistem imun, intoleransi laktosa dan keseimbangan mikrob usus, menunjukkan kesan antihiperkolesterolemik dan antihipertensi, meredakan gangguan menopaus, dan mengurangkan cirit-birit pengembara. Kajian baru-baru ini juga telah memberi tumpuan kepada kegunaan probiotik dalam merawati penyakit kulit dan mulut. Di samping itu, modulasi paksi gut-otak dengan probiotik telah dicadangkan sebagai penyelesaian terapeutik baru bagi gejala kebimbangan dan kemurungan. Oleh itu, kajian ini membincangkan mengenai produk-produk semasa yang mengandungi probiotik di Malaysia, kriteria pemilihan probiotik, dan bukti-bukti yang diperolehi daripada kajian lepas tentang bagaimana probiotik telah digunakan untuk mencegah gangguan usus melalui peningkatan sistem imun, bertindak sebagai faktor antihiperkolesterolemik, meningkatkan kesihatan mulut dan kulit, dan berperanan sebagai ejen anti-kebimbangan dan anti-kemurungan.
Development of a Prognostic Model for Patients With Shoulder Complaints in Physical Therapist Practice
Authors: Karel Yasmaine H.J.M. , Verhagen Arianne P. , Thoomes-de Graaf Marloes , Duijn Edwin , van den Borne Maaike P.J. , Beumer Annechien , Ottenheijm Ramon P.G. , Dinant Geert-Jan J. , Koes Bart W. , Scholten-Peeters Gwendolijne G.M. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract

Background
Health care providers need prognostic factors to distinguish between patients who are likely to recover and those who are not likely to recover.

Objective
The aim of this study was to: (1) describe the clinical course of recovery and (2) identify prognostic factors of recovery in patients with shoulder pain at the 26-week follow-up.

Design
A prospective cohort study was carried out in the Netherlands and included 389 patients who consulted a physical therapist for a new episode of shoulder pain.

Method
Participants were followed for 26 weeks. Potential predictors of recovery were selected from the literature and, with the addition of 2 new variables (ie, use of diagnostic ultrasound and working alliance), evaluated in the multivariable regression analysis. Multiple imputation was used to handle missing data, and bootstrap methods were used for internal validation.

Results
The recovery rate was 60% for the total population and 65% for the working population after 26 weeks. Short duration of complaints, lower disability scores, having a paid job, better working alliance, and no feelings of anxiety or depression were associated with recovery. In the working population, only duration of complaints and disability remained in the final model. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for the final model was 0.67 for the total population and 0.63 for the working population. After internal validation, the AUC was corrected to 0.66 and 0.63, respectively.

Limitations
External validation of the prognostic model should be done prior to its use in clinical practice.

Conclusion
The results of this study indicate that several factors can predict recovery.
PDIA6 regulation of ADAM17 shedding activity and EGFR-mediated migration and invasion of glioblastoma cells
Authors: Kim Tae-Wan , Ryu Hyang-Hwa , Li Song-Yuan , Li Chun-Hao , Lim Sa-Hoe , Jang Woo-Youl , Jung Shin 
Published: August 2016

OBJECTIVEIn patients with glioblastoma, local invasion of tumor cells causes recurrence and shortens survival. The goal of this study was to determine whether protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) A6 regulates migration and invasion of glioblastoma cells and the associated factors.METHODSU87MG cells were treated with either PDIA6 or ADAM17 small interfering RNA (siRNA) fragments or with both types of siRNA fragments, and expression was confirmed by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. Migration and invasion were assessed using a wound-healing assay, a Matrigel assay, and an organotypic culture system. After the U87MG cells were treated with siRNAs and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors, the expression of matrix metalloproteinase–2 (MMP-2), membrane Type 1-matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP), integrin, phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase (pFAK), and phosphorylated EGFR (pEGFR) was detected by Western blotting and zymography.RESULTSU87MG cell migration and invasion increased significantly after inhibition of PDIA6. The MMP-2 activation ratio and ADAM17 activity (as a sheddase of the proligand) increased, and expression of pEGFR, pFAK, integrin α5β3, and MT1-MMP was induced, compared with control levels. Furthermore, heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (EGFR signaling ligand) was highly expressed in PDIA6-knockdown cells. After siPDIA6-transfected U87MG cells were treated with EGFR signaling inhibitors, expression of pFAK, MMP-2, and MT1-MMP decreased and invasion decreased significantly. Simultaneous double-knockdown of PDIA6 and ADAM17 reduced pEGFR and pFAK expression, compared with control levels.CONCLUSIONSThe authors propose that inhibiting PDIA6 could transduce EGFR signaling by activating and inducing ADAM17 during migration and invasion of U87MG glioblastoma cells. The results of this study suggest that PDIA6 is an important component of EGFR-mediated migration and invasion of U87MG cells. This is the first report of the effects of PDIA6 on migration and invasion in glioblastoma.