bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Refletindo o cotidiano escolar: do ser professor à relação com o saber
Authors: Mendes Thamiris Christine , Baccon Ana Lúcia Pereira 
Published: May 2017

O presente artigo tem como objetivo identificar as concepções do que é ser professor, buscando associar esse sentimento à relação com o saber, de acordo com o esquema proposto por Charlot. Tais relações podem revelar como os sujeitos consideram sua inserção e seu papel no mundo à sua volta, ou seja, o sujeito existe no mundo para poder transformá-lo, ou existe para o outro para poder ajudá-lo a transformar o mundo, ou, finalmente, o sujeito existe para si mesmo para transformar o mundo. Trata-se de uma abordagem de pesquisa qualitativa, em que os dados empíricos foram coletados por meio de questionário, aplicados a uma amostra de 160 docentes da rede pública estadual de ensino do Paraná. Como procedimento de análise dos dados foi utilizada a análise textual discursiva, a qual permitiu apontar que, com respeito à relação com o saber, os docentes pesquisados ocupam duas posições: a social objetiva e a social subjetiva, dito de outro modo, para os sujeitos da presente pesquisa o sentimento de ser professor é fortemente constituído a partir de sua relação com mundo e com o outro, sendo menos significativas suas relações consigo mesmos. Os resultados nos permitem concluir que, para os sujeitos da pesquisa, a busca pela docência está atrelada ao desejo de fazer algo pelo outro e pelo mundo, e que estes se sentem satisfeitos quando são reconhecidos profissionalmente.
Innate Control of Adaptive Immunity: Beyond the Three-Signal Paradigm
Authors: Jain Aakanksha , Pasare Chandrashekhar 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Activation of cells in the adaptive immune system is a highly orchestrated process dictated by multiples cues from the innate immune system. Although the fundamental principles of innate control of adaptive immunity are well established, it is not fully understood how innate cells integrate qualitative pathogenic information to generate tailored protective adaptive immune responses. In this review, we discuss complexities involved in the innate control of adaptive immunity that extend beyond TCR engagement, costimulation, and priming cytokine production but are critical for the generation of protective T cell immunity.
25 anys de recerca en didàctica de la llengua
Authors: Camps i Mundó Anna 
Published: May 2017

L’article es deriva de la conferència inaugural del Màster de Recerca en Educació, dictada el 19 de gener de 2017 a la Facultat de Ciències de l’Educació, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, en el marc de les celebracions pel 25 aniversari de la creació d’aquesta facultat.
L’étrangeté de la poésie
Authors: Dumont François 
Published: May 2017

Dans son oeuvre critique, Gilles Marcotte revient constamment sur la question de l’étrangeté de la poésie. À la suite d’un débat sur l’identité canadienne-française, au début des années 1950, il fait l’éloge de l’hermétisme en poésie pour promouvoir une nécessaire ouverture à ce qui dépasse les définitions. Dans Une littérature qui se fait, son premier livre de critique, paru en 1962, l’étrangeté prend la forme d’une aliénation et le motif de « l’exil » permet d’esquisser une histoire en cours de la littérature canadienne-française. Cette description est développée, en 1969, dans Le temps des poètes, qui porte surtout sur la poésie publiée par les Éditions de l’Hexagone, maison dont Marcotte suit de près l’évolution à partir de sa fondation en 1953. L’« aventure » de l’Hexagone témoigne selon Marcotte d’un affranchissement de l’aliénation par la parole. Sous cet angle, l’étrangeté de la poésie paraît désigner ce qui doit être combattu. Or Marcotte retrouve rapidement sa perspective de départ en valorisant ce qui échappe aux réponses : il fait valoir la part négative de la modernité poétique, qu’il étudie plus particulièrement, d’un point de vue sociocritique, chez Rimbaud, et à laquelle il rattache notamment l’oeuvre romanesque de Réjean Ducharme. Marcotte revient souvent sur la figure de Saint-Denys Garneau, d’Une littérature qui se fait jusqu’à son dernier livre, La littérature est inutile, paru en 2009. L’une des questions que soulève la poésie de Garneau est celle de la distinction entre l’étrangeté poétique et le mystère religieux. Se penchant sur l’oeuvre de plusieurs autres poètes, Marcotte refuse de quitter le terrain littéraire et fait du principe de contradiction le lieu d’une étrangeté essentielle qu’il s’agirait de préserver.
Inferring hydraulic properties of alpine aquifers from the propagation of diurnal snowmelt signals
Authors: Kurylyk Barret L. , Hayashi Masaki 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAlpine watersheds source major rivers throughout the world and supply essential water for irrigation, human consumption, and hydroelectricity. Coarse depositional units in alpine watersheds can store and transmit significant volumes of groundwater and thus augment stream discharge during the dry season. These environments are typically data scarce, which has limited the application of physically based models to investigate hydrologic sensitivity to environmental change. This study focuses on a coarse alpine talus unit within the Lake O'Hara watershed in the Canadian Rockies. We investigate processes controlling the hydrologic functioning of the talus unit using field observations and a numerical groundwater flow model driven with a distributed snowmelt model. The model hydraulic parameters are adjusted to investigate how these properties influence the propagation of snowmelt‐induced diurnal signals. The model results expectedly demonstrate that diurnal signals at the talus outlet are progressively damped and lagged with lower hydraulic conductivity and higher specific yield. The simulations further indicate that the lag can be primarily controlled by a higher hydraulic conductivity upper layer, whereas the damping can be strongly influenced by a lower hydraulic conductivity layer along the base of the talus. The simulations specifically suggest that the talus slope can be represented as a two layer system with a high conductivity zone (0.02 m s−1) overlying a 10 cm thick lower conductivity zone (0.002 m s−1). This study demonstrates that diurnal signals can be used to elucidate the hydrologic functioning and hydraulic properties of shallow aquifers and thus aid in the parameterization of hydrological models.
Effects of spatially distributed sectoral water management on the redistribution of water resources in an integrated water model
Authors: Voisin Nathalie , Hejazi Mohamad I. , Leung L. Ruby , Liu Lu , Huang Maoyi , Li Hong‐Yi , Tesfa Teklu 
Published: May 2017

AbstractRealistic representations of sectoral water withdrawals and consumptive demands and their allocation to surface and groundwater sources are important for improving modeling of the integrated water cycle. To inform future model development, we enhance the representation of water management in a regional Earth system (ES) model with a spatially distributed allocation of sectoral water demands simulated by a regional integrated assessment (IA) model to surface and groundwater systems. The integrated modeling framework (IA‐ES) is evaluated by analyzing the simulated regulated flow and sectoral supply deficit in major hydrologic regions of the conterminous U.S, which differ from ES studies looking at water storage variations. Decreases in historical supply deficit are used as metrics to evaluate IA‐ES model improvement in representating the complex sectoral human activities for assessing future adaptation and mitigation strategies. We also assess the spatial changes in both regulated flow and unmet demands, for irrigation and nonirrigation sectors, resulting from the individual and combined additions of groundwater and return flow modules. Results show that groundwater use has a pronounced regional and sectoral effect by reducing water supply deficit. The effects of sectoral return flow exhibit a clear east‐west contrast in the hydrologic patterns, so the return flow component combined with the IA sectoral demands is a major driver for spatial redistribution of water resources and water deficits in the US. Our analysis highlights the need for spatially distributed sectoral representation of water management to capture the regional differences in interbasin redistribution of water resources and deficits.
Trajectories toward the 1.5°C Paris target: Modulation by the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation
Authors: Henley Benjamin J. , King Andrew D. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractGlobal temperature is rapidly approaching the 1.5°C Paris target. In the absence of external cooling influences, such as volcanic eruptions, temperature projections are centered on a breaching of the 1.5°C target, relative to 1850–1900, before 2029. The phase of the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) will regulate the rate at which mean temperature approaches the 1.5°C level. A transition to the positive phase of the IPO would lead to a projected exceedance of the target centered around 2026. If the Pacific Ocean remains in its negative decadal phase, the target will be reached around 5 years later, in 2031. Given the temporary slowdown in global warming between 2000 and 2014, and recent initialized decadal predictions suggestive of a turnaround in the IPO, a sustained period of rapid temperature rise might be underway. In that case, the world will reach the 1.5°C level of warming several years sooner than if the negative IPO phase persists.
Processes governing arsenic retardation on Pleistocene sediments: Adsorption experiments and model‐based analysis
Authors: Rathi Bhasker , Neidhardt Harald , Berg Michael , Siade Adam , Prommer Henning 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn many countries of south/south‐east Asia, reliance on Pleistocene aquifers for the supply of low‐arsenic groundwater has created the risk of inducing migration of high‐arsenic groundwater from adjacent Holocene aquifers. Adsorption of arsenic onto mineral surfaces of Pleistocene sediments is an effective attenuation mechanism. However, little is known about the sorption under anoxic conditions, in particular the behavior of arsenite. We report the results of anoxic batch experiments investigating arsenite (1–25 µmol/L) adsorption onto Pleistocene sediments under a range of field‐relevant conditions. The sorption of arsenite was nonlinear and decreased with increasing phosphate concentrations (3–60 µmol/L) while pH (range 6–8) had no effect on total arsenic sorption. To simulate the sorption experiments, we developed surface complexation models of varying complexity. The simulated concentrations of arsenite, arsenate, and phosphate were in good agreement for the isotherm and phosphate experiments while secondary geochemical processes affected the pH experiments. For the latter, the model‐based analysis suggests that the formation of solution complexes between organic buffers and Mn(II) ions promoted the oxidation of arsenite involving naturally occurring Mn‐oxides. Upscaling the batch experiment model to a reactive transport model for Pleistocene aquifers demonstrates strong arsenic retardation and could have useful implications in the management of arsenic‐free Pleistocene aquifers.
Use of balloon sinuplasty in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis in the United States
Authors: Chaaban Mohamad R. , Baillargeon Jacques G. , Baillargeon Gwen , Resto Vicente , Kuo Yong‐Fang 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundOver the past decade, the use of balloon sinuplasty has increased widely in the United States. Since its introduction, no nationally representative, population‐based study has examined its use among chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients diagnosed with CRS between 2011 and 2014, and compared the prevalence of conventional functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS), balloon sinuplasty, and hybrid sinus surgery according to surgical site and calendar year.ResultsOut of 11 million to 11.4 million enrollees per year, a total of 661,738 patients with the diagnosis of CRS were included in the analyses. There was an increase in the use of balloon sinuplasty as a stand‐alone procedure from 5% in 2011 to 22.5% in 2014. Conventional FESS continued to be the most commonly performed sinus procedure over the study period. Multinomial logistic regression analyses showed a linear increase in balloon sinuplasty and hybrid procedures from 2011 to 2014. Compared to patients over 60 years, patients younger than 30 years had lower odds of having a balloon sinuplasty as a stand‐alone procedure compared to FESS. Compared to patients in the West, patients in the South, Northeast, and Midwest were significantly more likely to have balloon sinuplasty as a stand‐alone procedure. Assessment of the sinus surgery site showed that patients with additional frontal sinus surgery were more likely to have a balloon‐only procedure (odds ratio [OR], 4.67; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.21 to 5.17) or a hybrid procedure (OR, 8.69; 95% CI, 7.48 to 10.11) than conventional FESS when compared to patients with conventional maxillary surgery only.ConclusionFrom 2011 to 2014 there was an increase in the use of balloon sinuplasty and a modest decrease in the use of conventional FESS in the United States. Patients with frontal or sphenoid sinus surgical sites were more likely to have a balloon or hybrid procedure.
Chiral Selective Transport of Proteins by Cysteine‐Enantiomer‐Modified Nanopores
Authors: Zhang Fan , Sun Yue , Tian Demei , Li Haibing 
Published: May 2017

AbstractChirality is an intriguing and intrinsic feature of life and is highly associated with many significant biological processes. However, whether it influences the translocation behavior of proteins remains unclear. Herein, based on biomimetic strategies, we made chiral nanopores modified with cysteine enantiomers, and studied the chirality gating effects on protein transport. The results show that protein is preferentially transported through nanopores modified with l‐cysteine because of chiral interaction, indicating chirality strongly influences protein transport process. This study presents a new method for better understanding the role of chirality in selective protein transport processes and provides a convenient approach for studying protein chiral separation and targeted treatments.
Selective and Reversible Fluoride Complexation from Water by a Cyclic Tri(phosphonio)methanide Dication
Authors: Yogendra Sivathmeehan , Hennersdorf Felix , Bauzá Antonio , Frontera Antonio , Fischer Roland , Weigand Jan J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractTri(phosphonio)methanide dication 32+, prepared from a trifluoromethylsulfanylphosphonium dication (12+) via an intramolecular electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, is an unexpected P‐based, water‐resistant Lewis acid that is capable to selectively and reversibly bind fluoride ions from organic/aqueous biphasic solution. The formed complex is an unusual fluorophosphorane ([3‐F]OTf). The multiple donor–acceptor interactions of 32+ that are crucial for the fluoride fixation have been elucidated by quantum chemical calculation. Compound [3‐F]OTf can also be used as a convenient anhydrous fluoride ion source and was probed as a suitable catalyst of the silylotrifluoromethylation of various aldehydes.
Silylene–Nickel Promoted Cleavage of B−O Bonds: From Catechol Borane to the Hydroborylene Ligand
Authors: Hadlington Terrance J. , Szilvási Tibor , Driess Matthias 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe first 16 valence electron [bis(NHC)](silylene)Ni0 complex 1, [(TMSL)ClSi:→Ni(NHC)2], bearing the acyclic amido‐chlorosilylene (TMSL)ClSi: (TMSL=N(SiMe3)Dipp; Dipp=2,6‐Pri2C6H4) and two NHC ligands (N‐heterocyclic carbene=:C[(Pri)NC(Me)]2) was synthesized in high yield and structurally characterized. Compound 1 is capable of facile dihydrogen activation under ambient conditions to give the corresponding HSi‐NiH complex 2. Most notably, 1 reacts with catechol borane to afford the unprecedented hydroborylene‐coordinated (chloro)(silyl)nickel(II) complex 3, {[cat(TMSL)Si](Cl)Ni←:BH(NHC)2}, via the cleavage of two B−O bonds and simultaneous formation of two Si−O bonds. The mechanism for the formation of 3 was rationalized by means of DFT calculations, which highlight the powerful synergistic effects of the Si:→Ni moiety in the breaking of incredibly strong B−O bonds.
Synthesis of Structurally Complex Silicon Frameworks through the First Sila‐Aldol Reaction
Authors: Leypold Mario , Schuh Lukas , Fischer Roland , Torvisco Ana , Flock Michaela , Stueger Harald , Haas Michael 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHerein, we report on the first sila‐aldol reaction, which emphasizes the tight connection between silicon and carbon chemistry. This novel synthetic method provides straightforward access to 2‐oxahexasilabicyclo[3.2.1]octan‐8‐ide, a structurally complex silicon framework, in quantitative yield. Its structure was confirmed by NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray crystallography, and it displays a distinctive charge‐transfer transition. The complete mechanism of this highly selective rearrangement cascade is outlined and supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, which highlight the thermodynamic driving force and the low activation barriers of this powerful silicon–carbon bond‐forming strategy.
Combined effects of polymer/surfactant mixtures on dynamic interfacial properties
Authors: Dong Zhihao , Gao Ruitong , Sun Dejun , Wu Tao , Li Yujiang 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe present study investigated dynamic interfacial properties of similarly charged and oppositely charged polymer/surfactant mixtures at the oil–water interface. Partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM), sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS), and dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) were used to prepare polymer/surfactant mixtures. The effects of the molecular weight and concentration of the polymer, surface charge and concentration of the surfactant, pH, and ionic strength on the interfacial behavior of polymer/surfactant mixtures at the interface have been investigated. HPAM‐1 exhibited a higher interfacial activity than HPAM‐2. Strong binding interactions were observed between anionic HPAM and cationic DTAB. HPAM had a strong tendency to form more hydrophobic and interfacial activity complexes with DTAB. These complexes could remarkably affect the interfacial properties of polymer/surfactant mixtures at the interface. The adsorption kinetics of polymer/surfactant mixtures were controlled not only by the diffusion occurring between the bulk phase and the interface but also by the energetic and steric barriers generated by the electrostatic interactions and already formed adsorption layers. In addition, the dilational viscoelasticity of polymer/surfactant mixtures was significantly affected by the pH and ionic strength. The HPAM/DTAB mixtures with the addition of salts have higher E values than those of salt‐free systems and HPAM/SDBS mixtures. Copyright © 2017 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Epoxy–carbon black composite foams with tunable electrical conductivity and mechanical properties: Foaming improves the conductivity
Authors: Yue Jia , Xu Yu , Bao Jianjun 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTIn this study, conductive epoxy foams with different carbon black (CB) contents were fabricated with expandable microspheres as foaming agents. The effect of the CB content, microsphere concentration, precuring time, and foaming temperature on the electrical conductivity and compressive properties of the obtained foams were investigated systematically. The differential scanning calorimeter and rheological tests confirmed that the CB accelerated the curing reaction, increased the onset viscosity of the epoxy blend during foaming, and affected the foaming process. In addition, all of the parameters, including the CB content, microsphere concentration, precuring time, and foaming temperature, were confirmed to change the foam structures and further change the conductivity and mechanical properties. The electrical properties test revealed that the foaming process improved the conductivity of the composites. On the basis of the electrical properties test results and scanning electron microscope images, a flow‐induced CB aggregation mechanism is presented, in which the thermally triggered microsphere expansion pushed the resins away, squeezed the CB together, and changed the CB distribution throughout the foams. This made more conductivity paths. The obtained foam could just be used as an antistatic material, but it gave us an example for exploring lightweight and low‐cost conductive epoxy foams with other applications, for example, electromagnetic shielding. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45071.
Novel proton conducting membranes based on copolymers containing hydroxylated poly(ether ether ketone) and sulfonated polystyrenes
Authors: Luo Tianwei , Xu Hulin , Li Zhong , Gao Shuitao , Fang Zhou , Zhang Zeyu , Wang Fang , Ma Bing , Zhu Changjin 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTA novel series of hydrocarbon‐based copolymers containing flexible alkylsulfonated groups and hydroxylated poly(ether ether ketone) backbones was designed and prepared as proton conducting membranes. Among the membranes, the membrane SPO3–(PMS–PSBOS)2 with the ion exchange capacity 1.70 showed good proton conductivity at 0.137 S/cm at 80 °C, which was two times as much as that of the control membrane SPO. Further, incorporating the sulfonated graphene oxide (s‐GO) into SPO3–(PMS‐PSBOS)2 leads to the composite membrane SPO3–(PMS–PSBOS)2–SGO, which exhibited higher proton conductivity compared to Nation 117 and the native membrane SPO3–(PMS–PSBOS)2. In addition, the composite membrane SPO3–(PMS–PSBOS)2–SGO showed well‐defined phase separated structures and high selectivity (1.40 × 105 Ss/cm3), which were about three times as that of Nafion 117 (0.52 × 105 Ss/cm3). These results suggested that these membranes are promising materials for direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) applications. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45205.
Blown film extrusion of poly(lactic acid) without melt strength enhancers
Authors: Karkhanis Sonal S. , Stark Nicole M. , Sabo Ronald C. , Matuana Laurent M. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTProcessing strategies were developed to manufacture poly(lactic acid) (PLA) blown films without melt strength enhancers (MSEs). The effects of processing temperature on PLA's melt properties (shear and elongational viscosities), PLA grades, and other processing conditions [ratio of take‐up roller to extruder's rotational screw speeds or processing speed ratio (PSR) and internal air pressures] on film's blow‐up ratio were examined. Experimental results indicate that extrusion‐blown amorphous and semicrystalline PLA films can be successfully manufactured without MSEs by controlling melt rheology through processing temperature and other extrusion processing conditions. PLA processed at lower extrusion temperature had higher melt viscosities, which favored the formation of stable films depending on the PSR and internal air pressure used. Inappropriate control of PSR and internal air pressure led to unstable films with various processing defects such as melt sag, bubble dancing, or draw resonance, irrespective of the lower extrusion processing temperature. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45212.