bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Birth weight discordance, DNA methylation, and cortical morphology of adolescent monozygotic twins
Authors: Casey Kevin F. , Levesque Melissa L. , Szyf Moshe , Ismaylova Elmira , Verner Marie‐Pier , Suderman Matthew , Vitaro Frank , Brendgen Mara , Dionne Ginette , Boivin Michel , Tremblay Richard E. , Booij Linda 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundSeveral studies have shown that the in utero environment, which can be indexed by birth weight (BW), is associated with cortical morphology in adolescence and adulthood. Work in monozygotic (MZ) twins suggests that this association is driven by non‐shared environmental factors. This correlation could be the result of in utero impacts on DNA methylation. The aim of the present study with MZ twins is to replicate the association between discordance in BW and brain morphology and test whether discordance in DNA methylation mediates this relationship.MethodsOne hundred and four adolescent MZ twins (52 pairs, of which 42% were male pairs) who have been followed regularly since birth underwent T1 weighted structural MRI, and epigenome‐wide assessment of DNA methylation from saliva at age 15.ResultsCo‐twins had very similar measures of DNA methylation and cortical morphology. Higher BW members of a twin pair had increased total cortical surface area, and decreased cortical thickness compared to their lower BW sibling. BW Discordance was positively associated with both cortical surface area and cortical volume discordance. Genes involved in neurodevelopment were tentatively identified as mediators of both the BW ‐ cortical volume, and BW‐ cortical surface area relationships.ConclusionsThe association between BW and cortical morphology in adolescence appears to be attributable to in utero environmental effects, and DNA methylation may play a role in mediating this relationship. Hum Brain Mapp 38:2037–2050, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Self‐assembly of triorganotin(IV) moiety with 1,2,4,5‐benzenetetracarboxylic acid: Syntheses, characterizations, and influence of solvent on the molecular structure (II)
Authors: Xiao Xiao , Sui Chunhong , Han Liqin , Liu Jianhua , Feng Bo 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA new organotin carboxylate based on 1,2,4,5‐benzenetetracarboxylic acid (H4btec): [(Ph3Sn)4(btec)] (complex 4) was synthesized through the reaction of triphenyltin hydroxide with H4btec and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV‐visible, 1H, 13C, 119Sn NMR spectroscopy. Single crystal X‐ray study shows 4 is a centrosymmetric tetranuclear triphenyltin carboxylate. Ligand H4btec coordinates with tin atoms in monodentate mode. The molecules of 4 build 1D chain structure via intermolecular hydrogen bonds, and construct 2D architecture through π···π interactions. The preliminary antitumor activity of the complex was also studied.
Impairments in spatial representations and rhythmic coordination of place cells in the 3xTg mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Mably Alexandra J. , Gereke Brian J. , Jones Dylan T. , Colgin Laura Lee 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTAlzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible and highly progressive neurodegenerative disease. Clinically, patients with AD display impairments in episodic and spatial memory. However, the underlying neuronal dysfunctions that result in these impairments remain poorly understood. The hippocampus is crucial for spatial and episodic memory, and thus we tested the hypothesis that abnormal neuronal representations of space in the hippocampus contribute to memory deficits in AD. To test this hypothesis, we recorded spikes from place cells in hippocampal subfield CA1, together with corresponding rhythmic activity in local field potentials, in the 3xTg AD mouse model. We observed disturbances in place cell firing patterns, many of which were consistent with place cell disturbances reported in other rodent models of AD. We found place cell representations of space to be unstable in 3xTg mice compared to control mice. Furthermore, coordination of place cell firing by hippocampal rhythms was disrupted in 3xTg mice. Specifically, a smaller proportion of place cells from 3xTg mice were significantly phase‐locked to theta and slow gamma rhythms, and the theta and slow gamma phases at which spikes occurred were also altered. Remarkably, these disturbances were observed at an age before detectable Aβ pathology had developed. Consistencies between these findings in 3xTg mice and previous findings from other AD models suggest that disturbances in place cell firing and hippocampal rhythms are related to AD rather than reflecting peculiarities inherent to a particular transgenic model. Thus, disturbed rhythmic organization of place cell activity may contribute to unstable spatial representations, and related spatial memory deficits, in AD. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The dynamics of memory consolidation of landmarks
Authors: van Ekert Janneke , Wegman Joost , Jansen Clemens , Takashima Atsuko , Janzen Gabriele 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTNavigating through space is fundamental to human nature and requires the ability to retrieve relevant information from the remote past. With the passage of time, some memories become generic, capturing only a sense of familiarity. Yet, others maintain precision, even when acquired decades ago. Understanding the dynamics of memory consolidation is a major challenge to neuroscientists. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we systematically examined the effects of time and spatial context on the neural representation of landmark recognition memory. An equal number of male and female subjects (males N = 10, total N = 20) watched a route through a large‐scale virtual environment. Landmarks occurred at navigationally relevant and irrelevant locations along the route. Recognition memory for landmarks was tested directly following encoding, 24 h later and 30 days later. Surprisingly, changes over time in the neural representation of navigationally relevant landmarks differed between males and females. In males, relevant landmarks selectively engaged the parahippocampal gyrus (PHG) regardless of the age of the memory. In females, the response to relevant landmarks gradually diminished with time in the PHG but strengthened progressively in the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). Based on what is known about the functioning of the PHG and IFG, the findings of this study suggest that males maintain access to the initially formed spatial representation of landmarks whereas females become strongly dependent on a verbal representation of landmarks with time. Our findings yield a clear objective for future studies. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Parahippocampal and retrosplenial connections of rat posterior parietal cortex
Authors: Olsen Grethe M. , Ohara Shinya , Iijima Toshio , Witter Menno P. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTThe posterior parietal cortex has been implicated in spatial functions, including navigation. The hippocampal and parahippocampal region and the retrosplenial cortex are crucially involved in navigational processes and connections between the parahippocampal/retrosplenial domain and the posterior parietal cortex have been described. However, an integrated account of the organization of these connections is lacking. Here, we investigated parahippocampal connections of each posterior parietal subdivision and the neighboring secondary visual cortex using conventional retrograde and anterograde tracers as well as transsynaptic retrograde tracing with a modified rabies virus. The results show that posterior parietal as well as secondary visual cortex entertain overall sparse connections with the parahippocampal region but not with the hippocampal formation. The medial and lateral dorsal subdivisions of posterior parietal cortex receive sparse input from deep layers of all parahippocampal areas. Conversely, all posterior parietal subdivisions project moderately to dorsal presubiculum, whereas rostral perirhinal cortex, postrhinal cortex, caudal entorhinal cortex and parasubiculum all receive sparse posterior parietal input. This indicated that the presubiculum might be a major liaison between parietal and parahippocampal domains. In view of the close association of the presubiculum with the retrosplenial cortex, we included the latter in our analysis. Our data indicate that posterior parietal cortex is moderately connected with the retrosplenial cortex, particularly with rostral area 30. The relative sparseness of the connectivity with the parahippocampal and retrosplenial domains suggests that posterior parietal cortex is only a modest actor in forming spatial representations underlying navigation and spatial memory in parahippocampal and retrosplenial cortex. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
α‐Synuclein Oligomers: A Study in Diversity
Authors: van Diggelen Femke , Tepper Armand W. J. W. , Apetri Mihaela M. , Otzen Daniel E. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA critical step in Parkinson's disease (PD) is the formation of toxic α‐synuclein oligomers (αSOs). In vitro αSOs are formed by self‐assembly of α‐synuclein at high concentrations, or by the addition of, for example, dopamine, lipids, ethanol, or metal ions. These αSOs are structurally distinct from the unfolded monomer and aggregated β‐sheet fibrils. Nevertheless, the literature reports a wide variety of αSO shapes, sizes, and proposed toxic mechanisms. This heterogeneous character makes it difficult to form a unifying picture. Here, we present an overview of the different αSO species made in vitro, providing a tool for better comparison of different protocols and the ensuing αSOs, and emphasizing the striking versatility in the appearance and properties of these critical species. We also summarize what is known of the biological activities of different αSOs. Despite a large and increasing level of insight into αSO effects in vitro, we still lack strong insight into the structures and sizes of αSO species formed in vivo. Once this is established, it may be possible to generate more uniform protocols that could stimulate further efforts to develop viable PD biomarker assays and therapies.
In vivostudy on the biocompatibility of chitosan–hydroxyapatite film depending on degree of deacetylation
Authors: Jeong Ki‐Jae , Song Younseong , Shin Hye‐Ri , Kim Ji Eun , Kim Jeonghyo , Sun Fangfang , Hwang Dae‐Youn , Lee Jaebeom 
Published: December 2016

AbstractChitosan, produced from chitin, is one of the polymers with promising applications in various fields. However, despite diverse research studies conducted on its biocompatibility, its uses are still limited. The main reason is the degree of deacetylation (DOD), which represents the proportion of deacetylated units in the polymer and is directly correlated with its biocompatibility property. In this article, thein vivobiocompatibility of three chitosan–hydroxyapatite composite films composed of chitosan with different DOD values was investigated by traditional biological protocols and novel optical spectroscopic analyses. The DOD of the chitosan obtained from three different manufacturers was estimated and calculated by Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The chitosan with the higher DOD induced a higher incidence of inflammation in skin cells. The amino group density, biodegradability, and crystallinity of chitosan are the three possible factors that need to be considered when determining the biocompatibility of the films forin vivoapplication, as they led to complicated biological results, resulting in either better or worse inflammation even when using chitosan products with the same DOD. This basic study on the relationship between the DOD and inflammation is valuable for the development of further chitosan‐based researches. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 1637–1645, 2017.
Antiepileptic drugs: Impacts on human serum paraoxonase‐1
Authors: Beydemir Şükrü , Demir Yeliz 
Published: December 2016

AbstractSerum paraoxonase (PON1) is a key enzyme related to high‐density lipoprotein (HDL)‐cholesterol particle. It can prevent the oxidation of low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) and HDL. The present article focuses on the in vitro inhibition role of some antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) such as valproic acid, gabapentin, primidone, phenytoin, and levetiracetam on human paraoxonase (hPON1). Therefore, PON1 was purified from human serum with a specific activity of 3976.36 EU/mg and 13.96% yield by using simple chromatographic methods. The AEDs were tested at various concentrations, which showed reduced in vitro hPON1 activity. IC50 values for gabapentin, valproic acid, primidone, phenytoin, and levetiracetam were found to be 0.35, 0.67, 0.87, 6.3, and 53.3 mM, respectively. Ki constants were 0.261 ± 0.027, 0.338 ± 0.313, 0.410 ± 0.184, 10.3 ± 0.001, and 43.01 ± 0.003 mM, respectively. Gabapentin exhibited effective inhibitory activity as compared with the other drugs. The inhibition mechanisms of all compounds were noncompetitive.
The Internal Audit Function: A Prerequisite for Good Governance
Authors: Raiborn Cecily , Butler Janet B. , Martin, Kasey , Pizzini Mina 
Published: December 2016

In 2013, the NASDAQ Stock Market LLC (NASDAQ) establish and maintain an internal audit (IA) function. Comment letters received on the proposal were overwhelmingly negative. The top three reasons against the proposal were cost of implementation, time commitments required of organizational employees, and redundancy of IA to a firm's external audit process. This article delineates differences between internal and external audit responsibilities, identifies the benefits of internal auditing, highlights the role that internal auditors play in corporate governance and risk management, demonstrates how IA assurance and consulting activities add organizational value, and discusses cost‐effective options for implementing an IA function.	© 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gully Head Retreat in the Sub‐Humid Ethiopian Highlands: The Ene‐Chilala Catchment
Authors: Addisie Meseret B. , Ayele Getaneh K. , Gessess Azalu A. , Tilahun Seifu A. , Zegeye Assefa D. , Moges Mikael M. , Schmitter Petra , Langendoen Eddy J. , Steenhuis Tammo S. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn the northern highlands of Ethiopia, gully erosion is severe. Despite many efforts to implement gully prevention measures, controlling gully erosion remains a challenge. The objective is to better understand the regional gully erosion processes and to prevent gully head retreat. The study was conducted in the Ene‐Chilala catchment in the sub‐humid headwaters of the Birr River located southwest of Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. Twelve gully heads were monitored during the 2014 and 2015 rainy monsoon phase. We measured gully head morphology and retreat length, soil shear strength, ground water table levels, and catchment physical characteristics. Two active gully head cuts were treated in 2014 and an additional three head cuts in 2015 by regrading their slope to 45° and covering them with stone riprap. These treatments halted the gully head advance. The untreated gullies were actively eroding due to groundwater at shallow depths. The largest head retreat was 22.5 m, of which about half occurred in August of the first year when the surrounding soil was fully saturated. Lowering both the water table and protecting the gully heads can play a key role in reducing gully expansion and soil loss due to gully erosion in the Ethiopian highlands. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sedimentary environment evolution and biogenic silica records over 33,000 years in the Liaohe delta, China
Authors: Liu Jin , Ye Siyuan , Allen Laws Edward , Xue Chunting , Yuan Hongming , Ding Xigui , Zhao Guangming , Yang Shixiong , He Lei , Wang Jin , Pei Shaofeng , Wang Yongbiao , Lu Qingyuan 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe burial efficiency of biogenic silica (BSi) in deltaic sediments is associated both with the nutrient balance in estuarine ecosystems and with the carbon cycle and climate change. To explore these relationships, foraminifera data, physical and chemical parameters, and ages determined by accelerator mass spectrometry 14C and optically stimulated luminescence from a core drilled at the southwestern edge of the Lower Liaohe Plain in May 2012 were presented. The sedimentary environments since 33,000 cal yr BP were divided into four depositional units, namely, a fluvial deposit (U1), lacustrine deposit (U2), marine‐related deposit (U3), and upper delta plain deposit (U4). Environmentally mediated differences in apparent mass accumulation rates (AMARs) of BSi and organic carbon (Corg) were significant. The BSi‐AMAR in the later parts of U1 and U2 occurred mainly in the Pleistocene and averaged 11.34 ± 0.22 and 16.69 ± 0.91 g m−2 yr−1, which is lower than the analogues for U3 (23.59 ± 2.89–41.74 ± 6.37 g m−2 yr−1) and U4 (37.25 ± 9.96 g m−2 yr−1) that occurred during the Holocene. The BSi record responded more coherently and was more sensitive than Corg to Northern Hemisphere paleoclimatic variations on a long timescale and to abrupt/periodic winter monsoon winds or warming forcings on a short timescale. There was a negative correlation between the concentration of bioavailable Fe2O3 and the ratio of BSi/Corg, the implication being that Fe availability may have modulated silicic acid uptake on a very short timescale and in turn impacted the dynamics of carbon burial.
Approximated structured pseudospectra
Authors: Noschese Silvia , Reichel Lothar 
Published: December 2016

SummaryPseudospectra and structured pseudospectra are important tools for the analysis of matrices. Their computation, however, can be very demanding for all but small matrices. A new approach to compute approximations of pseudospectra and structured pseudospectra, based on determining the spectra of many suitably chosen rank‐one or projected rank‐one perturbations of the given matrix is proposed. The choice of rank‐one or projected rank‐one perturbations is inspired by Wilkinson's analysis of eigenvalue sensitivity. Numerical examples illustrate that the proposed approach gives much better insight into the pseudospectra and structured pseudospectra than random or structured random rank‐one perturbations with lower computational burden. The latter approach is presently commonly used for the determination of structured pseudospectra.
Sense of control and adolescents’ aggression: The role of aggressive cues
Authors: Guo Xucheng , Egan Vincent , Zhang Jianxin 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe misperception of aggressive cues is considered a risk factor for inducing adolescent aggression. Poor coping with life stress is also considered a major influence on aggression. The current study examined the relationship between subjective sense of control and adolescent aggression, considering influences upon the perception of these aggressive cues. In Study 1, 60 participants took part in a 2 (sense of control: high sense of control vs. low sense of control) × 2 (aggressive cue: aggressive vs. neutral) between‐subjects contextual experiment. The result found that a lower sense of control led to an increase in adolescents’ aggression; only in the low‐sense‐of‐control condition did exposure to aggressive cues boost aggression. In Study 2, the catalytic effect of aggressive cues was further explored by an experiment in which 40 adolescents were randomly assigned to a low‐ or high‐sense‐of‐control condition to test the importance of aggressive cues. The results suggest that adolescents in the low‐sense‐of‐control condition show a higher salience for aggressive cues.
The relationship between risk factors and medication adherence among breast cancer survivors: What explanatory role might depression play?
Authors: Markovitz Louis C. , Drysdale Nicholas J. , Bettencourt B. Ann 
Published: December 2016

AbstractObjectiveDespite the efficacy of clinical treatments (eg, adjuvant hormonal therapy) for breast cancer survivors (BCS), nonadherence rates remain high, increasing the risk of recurrence and mortality. The current study tested a theoretical model of medical nonadherence that proposes depression to be the most proximal predictor of medical nonadherence among BCS.MethodsBreast cancer survivors were recruited from radiation clinics in Missouri. Survey data were collected 12 months after the end of primary treatment. The sample size included 133 BCS.ResultsFindings show substantial support for the model, demonstrating that depression mediated the relation between physical symptoms, cognitive symptoms, social support, and adherence to medication. This finding was replicated with a measure of mood disturbance.ConclusionsThese findings support the prediction that medication nonadherence among BCS multiply determined process and have compelling implications for healthcare providers and interventions designed to increase medication adherence among BCS.
Role of Indigenous Eco‐Friendly Technologies and Microfinance for Forest‐Living Communities’ Livelihoods: Case Study of Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Teki Surayya 
Published: December 2016

AbstractEco‐friendly technologies (EFTs) and microfinance provide impetus for securing the livelihoods of forest‐living communities. Use of EFTs arrests the degradation of forests in addition to enhancing people's livelihoods. Forest‐living people adopt unsustainable harvesting methods due to a lack of access to and unawareness of EFTs. Sustainable harvesting of forest produce by employing EFTs reduced harm to the forest by 40–50%. Microfinance accessibility is essential for the adoption of EFT at community level for value addition to Non‐Wood Forest Products (NWFPs), which enhanced livelihoods by 200–300%. The main objective of this paper is to investigate how EFT and microfinance provide impetus to the value addition by NWFPs and the securing of the livelihoods of forest‐living communities. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Indefinite block ciphering based on variable and great length key
Authors: Davahli Azam , Babamir Seyed Morteza 
Published: December 2016

AbstractFailure of deterministic encryption algorithms against various attacks mostly occurs due to the use of fixed and deterministic methods for encrypting, decrypting, and key production. Because the key production in these algorithms is performed functionally and deterministically, there is a relation between the keys and their length that makes the differential analysis of the keys possible. Moreover, the fixed length and values of the keys make these algorithms unsafe against exhaustive key searches. In this study, a block cipher algorithm called indefinite block ciphering based on variable and great length key which belongs to probabilistic (nondeterministic) family is presented. In this algorithm, the key depends on the plain text and is produced indecisively by a random number and the connectivity of the different parameters. On the other hand, the plain text is divided into blocks with size of random number. The proposed algorithm was evaluated, and the results were compared with those of the deterministic and other nondeterministic algorithms. This comparison was indicative of the high performance and security of the new algorithm with respect to the other approaches. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.