bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of DOTS regime in terms of cure, failure, default and relapse in the treatment of TB patients
Authors: K. Jahnavi , Sreenivasulu T. 
Published: January 2018

Background: DOTS has given very good results in terms of cure and satisfaction among tuberculosis patients. But still some failure and relapse cases occur. Hence studies on effectiveness of DOTS are required. The objectives of research were to study the effectiveness of DOTS regime in terms of cure, failure, default and relapse in the treatment of TB patientsMethods: A hospital based prospective follow up observational study was undertaken in the department of general medicine at a tertiary care medical college and hospital. The present study was conducted among the 60 eligible subjects as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria laid down for the present study.Results: 41 were pulmonary cases and 19 were extra pulmonary patients. At the end of intensive phase only 7 cases were sputum positive out of 37 which reduced to three at the end of extended intensive phase of treatment which further reduced to two at the end of two months of continuation phase. But by the end of completion of continuation phase, one case again became sputum positive i.e. failure case making a final tally to three. It was seen that there was significant weight gain over the period of time in both pulmonary and extra pulmonary cases. The cure rate was 78%. One patient died. Two defaulted and three were failure cases.Conclusions: The DOTS was found to be 78% effective in terms of cure rate. Still there is a huge gap of 22% found in the present scenario which needs to be addressed seriously and by all to prevent multi drug resistant tuberculosis.
A cross sectional study on factors affecting treatment outcome among TB patients
Authors: T. Srinivasulu , K. Jahnavi 
Published: January 2018

Background: Many factors affect treatment outcome negatively. Study of these factors is essential to prevent relapse and treatment failure. The objective of the research was to study the factors affecting the treatment outcome among TB patients.Methods: Patients diagnosed to have tuberculosis who are attending the DOTS centre at a tertiary care hospital, and fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the present study. 50 patients who were being treated under DOTS regime were included in the present study. The study was conducted for a period of two years. The patients were followed for a period of six months to observe the treatment outcome among them.Results: Maximum patient were in the age group of 21-40 years (50%) followed by 41-60 years (28.3%). Cough was present in 76.7% of the cases and was the most common presenting symptom of the cases. The cure rate was significantly more among non alcoholics compared to alcoholics. The cure rate was only 60% among smokers compared to 88.5% among non smokers. The non cure rate was high among smokers i.e. 40% compared to only 11.5% among those who never smoked. This difference was found to be statistically significant.Conclusions: Smoking and alcohol were found to be important risk factors for treatment failure in the present study.
Prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria among antenatal women and its effects on maternal and perinatal outcome in northern Andhra Pradesh population
Authors: V. Prabhavathi , B. Krishnamma , G. Krishna Murthy , DKV Prasad 
Published: January 2018

Background: The pregnant women are more commonly affected with asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) than non-pregnant women and its progression could lead to adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. The study was designed with an aim to know the prevalence of ASB and its effects on maternal and perinatal outcome.Methods: In this prospective study, 300 antenatal women attending Anil Neerukonda Hospital were screened for ASB. Urine culture was performed using standardized Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method on blood agar, Mac Conkey’s agar for antibiotic sensitivity testing. The screened antenatal women were divided into two subgroups viz. asymptomatic bacteriuria positive (Group I) and asymptomatic bacteriuria negative (Group II) depending on the culture study and were followed till delivery for maternal and perinatal outcomes.Results: The prevalence of ASB was 11.33%. Out of 34 cases of ASB positive, 8 cases (23.5%) were delivered with birth weight <2500 grams as compared to 11 cases (4.1%) in unexposed cases (RR 5.68, 95% CI; 2.46-13.15; p<0.05). Preterm low birth was noticed in 5 (14.7%) cases of ASB positive pregnant women with compared to unexposed cases (RR 1.5, 95% CI; 0.61-3.65, p=0.36). Regarding maternal outcomes, premature labour was observed in 8 cases (23.5%) of ASB exposed women whereas 22 (8.3%) in non-exposed cases (RR 2.84, 95% CI; 1.37-5.88, p=0.004). A significant number of women have developed hypertension (17.6%) and preeclampsia (8.8%) in ASB positive cases as compared to ASB negative cases (4.9% and 2.3% respectively).Conclusions: The prevalence of ASB was 11.33% in the present study. As one third of the cases were identified in early and late trimesters, regular and trimester wise screening need to be incorporated in routine antenatal screening for safe motherhood and new born health.
Complicated malaria: relationship of complications and parasite load to outcome
Authors: Anand G. Keshava , Sanda Mallikarjun Rao 
Published: January 2018

Background: The incidence of complicated malaria cases is increasing day by day. Complicated malaria present in different ways in different places globally. If malaria is diagnosed and treated immediately, then the death rate is less than one percent. The objective was to study the relationship of complications and parasite load to outcome (mortality) among patients with complicated malaria.Methods: The present hospital based Prospective Observational study was carried out among 100 cases of “Complicated malaria.” The present study was carried out at Department of General medicine, Kamineni hospitals, L. B. Nagar, Hyderabad.Results: 71% patients were infected with Plasmodium falciparum, 25% with Plasmodium vivax and 4% with both Plasmodium falciparum and vivax. 12% patients deceased and 88% survived. The relationship between GCS, convulsions, pH, bicarbonate, lactate, hemoglobin, creatinine, SBP, PaO2/FiO2 ratio, PT, INR, aPTT, and outcome was statistically highly significant (p=0.000). The relationship between Total Bilirubin, RBS and outcome was statistically not significant (p=0.351). Multivariate analysis using logistic regression model, to determine the effect of studied variables on the final outcome, revealed no significant influence of studied variables in predicting the outcome (p>0.05). The relationship between increasing parasite load and outcome was studied, and it showed it was statistically highly significant (p=0.000).Conclusions: The prognosis and outcome of patients with complicated malaria worsen as the parasite load increases and the probability of death increases markedly in such patients. The presentation of inappropriate parameters at admission, aid us in predicting poor outcome and appropriate treatment plan.
Morphologic features in cystic lesions of pancreas-a retrospective analysis
Authors: P. J. Cicy , Gopinathan Jeji , P Lekshmi Devi , Ulahannan Sansho Elavumkal 
Published: January 2018

Background: Cystic lesions of pancreas consist of a broad spectrum of reactive, benign and malignant conditions. The most common among cystic pancreatic lesions is pseudocyst of pancreas. Cystic tumours of pancreas are less common than solid one’s accounting for less than 1% according to some studies. Literature review showed only a few extensive studies on cystic lesions of pancreas, especially from South India.Methods: Our research is a descriptive histopathological analysis of 38 cases of cystic lesions of pancreas, done in the department of pathology of our institution, over a period of 5 years.Results: We received a total of 38 cases of cystic lesions of pancreas. The age distribution ranged from 17 to 77 years. Male to female ratio was 24: 14. There were neoplastic and non neoplastic entities. Pseudocyst of pancreas was the most common cystic lesion (12 cases). Benign neoplasms included serous cystadenomas, mucinous cystadenomas and lymphangiomas. Ductal adenocarcinomas with cystic degeneration and adenocarcinomas with mucinous component were some of the malignant cystic lesions.Conclusions: Cystic pancreatic lesions accounted for 24% of all the pancreatic lesions received in our institution during the period of this study. 24 cases (63%) were benign lesions and 14 cases (37 %) were malignant. Though cystic lesions of pancreas especially neoplasms are less frequent than solid neoplasms, it is important to study their diagnostic features since the management differs. Imaging studies may be similar in some cystic lesions. A proper clinicoradiological correlation and detailed investigational work up will aid in the correct diagnosis.
Pattern of dermatologic manifestations in polycystic ovarian disease cases from a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Jain Preeti , Jain Shailendra , Singh Abhishek , Goel Shewtank 
Published: January 2018

Background: Dermatologists often play a significant role in its management. Cutaneous features of hyperandrogenism in Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) have varied presentation. Aim of this study was the pattern of dermatologic manifestations in polycystic ovarian disease in northern Indian females.Methods: Patients registering for treatment of polycystic ovarian disease at Dermatology outpatients department during April 2016 to March 2017 formed the study population. Residents interviewed the study subjects at the OPD. General physical examination, systemic examination, breast and pelvic examination, along with detailed dermatological examination were conducting after taking the history. Hormonal analysis was performed after an overnight fasting using enzyme immunoassay.Results: FSH and LH levels were 5.05±1.86 IU/L and 8.14±5.21 IU/L respectively. Testosterone levels were found to be 61.01±25.32 ng/dl. DHEAS levels among them were 130.05±41.21μg/dl. Two commonest cutaneous manifestations were hirsutism and acne seen in 83.8% and 59.5% of subjects. Female pattern hair loss was seen in 45.6% females. Three most frequent hormonal abnormalities noted in our study subjects were raised L/H ratio, testosterone and LH levels seen in approximately 45%, 35% and 21% cases.Conclusions: The cutaneous manifestations of PCOS reserve a major role in its management by dermatologists. A lifestyle modification along with systemic treatment remains mainstay of treatment. Monitoring for the foreseen cardiovascular risks should start early to downgrade the morbidity.
A descriptive study of aetiopathological evaluation of hoarseness: our experience
Authors: B. S. Sindhu , S. Jayaprabha 
Published: January 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Hoarseness is a quality of voice that is rough, grating, harsh, more or less discordant and lower than normal in pitch for the individual. Besides affecting useful communication leading to tremendous alterations in daily living, voice problem may also signify the presence of more serious medical illnesses; such as malignancy or airway compromise. Hence this study is undertaken to determine the relative incidence of cases presented at a tertiary hospital, to analyse the hoarseness population based on age, sex, occupation etc, to find out the pathogenesis of hoarseness in the cases and to postulate the risk factors implicated in each. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Descriptive cross sectional study was conducted on patients with hoarseness reported at Government Medical College, Trivandrum for a period of twelve months. Detailed history regarding duration, onset, nature of hoarseness, aggravating and relieving factors, voice fatiguability, diurnal variation, associated symptoms and history of upper respiratory infection were taken. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Being the tertiary hospital, the incidence was noted to be 0.7%. Majority of patients are in 4<sup>th</sup> to 7<sup>th</sup> decades and the most commonly affected age group was 50-59 years. Male preponderance with 4:1 ratio was observed in which manual labourers constitute the single largest group. Smoking, alcohol intake and vocal abuse are found to be the major etiological factors. Majority of lesions were malignant in nature, commonest being Carcinoma Glottis. In benign lesions, majority was vocal cord polyp. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Early detection of pathology and awareness is very important in the management of hoarseness.</span></p><p> </p>
Regional comprehensive drought disaster risk dynamic evaluation based on projection pursuit clustering
Authors: Zhu Yongnan , Li Lei , Zhao Yong , Liang Zhongmin , Li Haihong , Wang Lizhen , Wang Qingming 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
We used system theory to analyze the structure of a regional drought disaster system and separated the drought disaster risk system into three subsystems. These were drought disaster-causing factors, disaster-inducing environments, and disaster-bearing bodies. Analysis of the main factors of these subsystems allowed the establishment of a regional comprehensive drought disaster risk evaluation index system. To simultaneously evaluate the distribution and development trends of the regional comprehensive drought disaster risk, we established a dynamic evaluation model. Based on the ideas of the projection pursuit clustering method and the dynamic comprehensive evaluation method, the model can make use of multi-dimensional space–time drought disaster information. The model was applied to evaluate comprehensive drought disaster risk in the Xuzhou region, China. The evaluation results show that the method was able to illustrate the development trend and distribution of the comprehensive drought disaster risk in the Xuzhou region. The clustering zoning results show that Pizhou City is the area with the highest risk in Xuzhou, while Fengxian has the lowest. The development trend of comprehensive drought disaster risk with time is not significant.
Novel p–n junction UiO-66/BiOI photocatalysts with efficient visible-light-induced photocatalytic activity
Authors: Li Yuejin , Shang Xili , Li Changhai , Huang Xiaoming , Zheng Jingjing 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Novel visible-light-induced UiO-66/BiOI photocatalysts with a p–n junction structure have been prepared for the first time through a facile hydrothermal method. The prepared photocatalysts were characterized using the powder X-ray diffraction, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectra, and N2 adsorption–desorption (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller) techniques respectively. The photodegradation performances of UiO-66/BiOI photocatalysts were evaluated by photodegrading salicylic acid under visible-light irradiation. The UiO-66/BiOI composites displayed much higher photocatalytic efficiencies than pure BiOI under visible light. When the content of UiO-66 was 5.2 wt%, the composite (UiO-66/BiOI-2) has the best photocatalytic activity. Most of the salicylic acid molecules can be degraded in 100 min. The degradation rate of UiO-66/BiOI-2 samples is higher than single BiOI and UiO-66. The enhanced photocatalytic performance of UiO-66/BiOI may be ascribed to the formation of p–n heterojunctions between BiOI and UiO-66, which facilitates the transfer and separation of the photogenerated charge carriers. After recycling of the photocatalyst for five times for the photodegradation of salicylic acid, more than 85% of salicylic acid could still be degraded in the fifth cycle, implying that the as-prepared photocatalysts are highly stable.
Process optimization of CNP removal from industrial soft drink wastewater in a single up flow A2O with continuous feed and intermittent discharge regime
Authors: Nouri Amir , Zinatizadeh Ali Akbar 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Simultaneous removal of carbon and nutrients (CNP) in a single laboratory-scale bioreactor is advantageous in terms of reactor volume and energy consumption. In this study, an innovative up-flow anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic (A2O) single bioreactor with continuous feed and intermittent discharge (CFID) regime equipped with a movable aerator in the reactor height for simultaneous removal of CNP from soft drinks wastewater was successfully designed, fabricated and operated. The effects of four independent variables, i.e. hydraulic retention time (HRT), aerator height, biomass concentration and nitrogen/soluble chemical oxygen demand (N/sCOD) ratio at three levels in the range of 4–8 h, 37–55.5 cm, 4,000–6,000−1, and 0.05–0.2, respectively, on eight process responses were investigated. The central composite design (CCD) and response surface methodology (RSM) were applied to design the experimental conditions, model the obtained data, and optimize the process. The bioreactor provides three conditions with different dissolved oxygen (DO) (anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic) in a single bioreactor by placing the aerator in the middle of the reactor. As a result, the maximum sCOD, total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) removal were about 100, 92 and 41%, respectively. The optimum region obtained was an HRT of 5–11 h, a mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) concentration of 4,000–4,700 mgL−1, and an aerator height of 46.25 cm, at the N/sCOD ratio of 0.1.
Dilemas da educação de jovens e adultos em um presídio feminino de Belo Horizonte
Authors: Barros Lúcio Alves de , Marçal Caio César Sousa , Moreira Karen Swerts Maldonado 
Published: January 2018

A atuação no campo da educação inclui o desafio de enfrentar a complexidade em relação ao ensino para jovens e adultos nos presídios. É inconteste que a política de segurança pública no Brasil tem sido interrogada, especialmente ao sistema penitenciário, comumente retratado com um espaço que não promove a ressocialização dos internos. Este trabalho tem por escopo analisar o dia a dia dos docentes que estão na instituição escolar estabelecida no Complexo Penitenciário São Pedro Nolasco, localizado na cidade de Belo Horizonte. Pesquisar as relações sociais dos atores, sobretudo entre os professores e as mulheres encarceradas que participam desta teia, é o intento maior dessa pesquisa. O trabalho em apreço é de caráter qualitativo e exploratório, onde buscou-se a percepção, valores, crenças e significados expostos pelos entrevistados, assim como a observação do cenário da educação no sistema prisional. Os resultados indicam que o ambiente prisional não oferece condições favoráveis para as presas e para o exercício do trabalho dos docentes.
Diagnosis and Significance of Pulmonary Microvascular Disease in Diabetes
Authors: Roberts Timothy J. , Burns Andrew T. , MacIsaac Richard J. , MacIsaac Andrew I. , Prior David L. , La Gerche André 
Published: January 2018

OBJECTIVE
To determine whether pulmonary microvascular disease is detectable in subjects with diabetes and associated with diminished exercise capacity using a novel echocardiographic marker quantifying the pulmonary transit of agitated contrast bubbles (PTAC).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Sixty participants (40 with diabetes and 20 control subjects) performed cardiopulmonary (maximal oxygen consumption [VO2peak]) and semisupine bicycle echocardiography exercise tests within a 1-week period. Pulmonary microvascular disease was assessed using PTAC (the number of bubbles traversing the pulmonary circulation to reach the left ventricle, categorized as low PTAC or high PTAC). Echocardiographic measures of cardiac output, pulmonary artery pressures, and biventricular function were obtained during exercise.

RESULTS
Subjects with diabetes and control subjects were of similar age (44 ± 13 vs. 43 ± 13 years, P = 0.87) and sex composition (70% vs. 65% male, P = 0.7). At peak exercise, low PTAC was present in more participants with diabetes than control subjects (41% vs. 12.5%, χ2 P = 0.041) and, in particular, in more subjects with diabetes with microvascular complications compared with both those without complications and control subjects (55% vs. 26% vs. 13%, χ2 P = 0.02). When compared with high PTAC, low PTAC was associated with a 24% lower VO2peak (P = 0.006), reduced right ventricular function (P = 0.015), and greater pulmonary artery pressures during exercise (P = 0.02).

CONCLUSIONS
PTAC is reduced in diabetes, particularly in the presence of microvascular pathology in other vascular beds, suggesting that it may be a meaningful indicator of pulmonary microvascular disease with important consequences for cardiovascular function and exercise capacity.
The Impact of Diabetes on Breast Cancer Treatments and Outcomes: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Lega Iliana C. , Austin Peter C. , Fischer Hadas D. , Fung Kinwah , Krzyzanowska Monika K. , Amir Eitan , Lipscombe Lorraine L. 
Published: January 2018

OBJECTIVE
Women with breast cancer and diabetes face worse outcomes than those with breast cancer without diabetes; however, the contribution of comorbidity to these disparities remains unclear. We evaluated the impact of diabetes on receipt of cancer treatments as well as mortality while accounting for other comorbidities.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Ontario administrative databases were used to compare the rate of receipt of breast cancer treatments between women with and without diabetes. We also performed adjusted cause-specific hazard models to account for comorbidities when evaluating differences in treatments received and mortality outcomes between the two groups.

RESULTS
Women with diabetes and stage III breast cancer were slightly less likely to receive chemotherapy (relative risk [RR] 0.93 [95% CI 0.89–0.97]), although this difference was not significant when we adjusted for comorbidities (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.03 [95% CI 0.93–1.13]). We saw similar trends for receipt of guideline-adherent radiotherapy (RR 0.97 [0.95–0.99], aHR 0.98 [0.94–1.02]). All-cause mortality was increased in women with diabetes after adjusting for comorbidities (aHR 1.16 [1.06–1.27]), but breast cancer–specific mortality was not increased overall. Women with a longer duration of diabetes and those with preexisting cardiovascular disease had increased all-cause and cancer-specific mortality.

CONCLUSIONS
Although cancer treatments received were similar between women with and without diabetes, breast cancer–specific mortality remains higher among women with diabetes who have longer diabetes duration or preexisting cardiovascular disease. This study uncovers new information about key risk factors for poorer prognosis in women with diabetes and breast cancer.
Facebook as a Medium in English Learning as Foreign Language at IAIN Pontianak
Authors: AR Nurmy 
Published: January 2018

Era modern selalu beriringan dengan fasilitas modern, termasuk fasilitas dalam memperoleh ilmu pengetahuan. Era yang menghasilkan kemudahan dalam kehidupan dengan informasi tanpa batasnya seperti yang diberikan oleh internet. Facebook sebagai suatu aplikasi dalam dunia internet awalnya diciptakan bukan sebagai media pembelajaran, tetapi dewasa ini Facebook telah dimodifikasi dan digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran oleh penggunanya. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penggunaan facebook sebagai media dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris di IAIN Pontianak, dengan jenis penelitian kualitatif dan metode deskriptif. Data diperoleh melalui interview dengan 30 orang mahasiswa, mencatat, dan dokumentasi di lapangan. Hasil tulisan ini memperlihatkan bagaimana Facebook merubah gaya belajar mahasiswa dalam belajar bahasa Inggris dan betapa Facebook memiliki peran khusus dalam kemampuan berbahasa Inggris mahasiswa, khususnya Mahasiswa Fakultas Ushuluddin, Adab dan Dakwah IAIN Pontianak. Facebook dengan segala kontennya digunakan untuk memperoleh kosa kata baru, serta melatih kemampuan menulis dan berbicara bahasa Inggris