bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Twenty-Year Review of a Single Surgeon's Experience Using a Unique Surgical Technique to Correct Lambdoidal Synostosis
Authors: Rodriguez-Feo Charles , Winocour Julian , Ramirez Roberto , Spear Marcia , Kelly Kevin 
Published: September 2017

Background:
Numerous techniques for the surgical management of lambdoidal synostosis have been previously described; however, no best practice technique currently exists. Surgical procedures range from complete posterior calvarial reconstruction to distraction osteogenesis techniques. Our primary purpose is to describe a novel approach to correct unilateral or bilateral lambdoidal synostosis.

Methods:
A retrospective review was performed on a single surgeon's experience with craniosynostosis (1994–2014). Specifically, craniosynostosis cases involving the lambdoidal suture, which were repaired using a novel ‘tongue and groove’ technique, were identified.

Results:
A total of 664 craniosynostosis cases were retrieved, with 21 primarily involving the lambdoidal suture (3.2%). Of these, 18 were unilateral and 3 were bilateral lambdoidal synostosis. Male-to-female ratio was 3:1. Average age of first encounter with a craniofacial physician was 33 weeks (8 months). Average age at time of surgery was 43 weeks (10.75 months). Complications of this technique included 1 patient who experienced refusion of his lambdoidal suture and fusion of his sagittal suture, and 4 who returned for bone graft coverage of full-thickness calvarial defects owing to a lack of complete reossification.

Conclusion:
The “tongue and groove” technique represents a novel method for the management of lambdoidal synostosis with good esthetic outcomes, allowing immediate cranial stabilization with increased skull volume. This technique, used by the senior author for >20 years, provides a reproducible and reliable method of correcting lambdoidal synostosis.
New evidence of a rhythmic priming effect that enhances grammaticality judgments in children
Authors: Chern Alexander , Tillmann Barbara , Vaughan Chloe , Gordon Reyna L. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMusical rhythm and the grammatical structure of language share a surprising number of characteristics that may be intrinsically related in child development. The present study aimed to understand the potential influence of musical rhythmic priming on subsequent spoken grammar task performance in children with typical development who were native speakers of English. Participants (ages 5 to 8 years) listened to rhythmically regular and irregular musical sequences (within-subjects design) followed by blocks of grammatically correct and incorrect sentences upon which they were asked to perform a grammaticality judgment task. Rhythmically regular musical sequences improved performance in grammaticality judgment compared to rhythmically irregular musical sequences. No such effect of rhythmic priming was found in two non-linguistic control tasks, suggesting a neural overlap between rhythm processing and mechanisms recruited during grammar processing. These findings build on previous research investigating the effect of rhythmic priming by extending the paradigm to a different language, testing a younger population, and employing non-language control tasks. These findings of an immediate influence of rhythm on grammar states (temporarily augmented grammaticality judgment performance) also converge with previous findings of associations between rhythm and grammar traits (stable, generalized grammar abilities) in children. Taken together, this study provides additional evidence for shared neural processing for language and music, and warrants future investigations of potentially beneficial effects of innovative musical material on language processing.
Age at first birth in women is genetically associated with increased risk of schizophrenia
Authors: Ni Guiyan , Gratten Jacob ,   Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Wray Naomi R. , Hong Lee S. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTPrevious studies have shown an increased risk for a range of mental health issues in children born to both younger and older parents compared to children of average-aged parents. However, until recently, it was not clear if these increased risks are due to psychosocial factors associated with age or if parents at higher genetic risk for psychiatric disorders tend to have children at an earlier or later age. We previously used a novel design to reveal a latent mechanism of genetic association between schizophrenia and age of mothers at the birth of their first child (AFB). Here, we use independent data from the UK Biobank (N=38,892) to replicate the finding of an association between predicted genetic risk of schizophrenia and AFB in women, end to estimate the genetic correlation between schizophrenia and AFB in women stratified into younger and older groups. We find evidence for an association between predicted genetic risk of schizophrenia and AFB in women (P-value=1.12E-05), and we show genetic heterogeneity between younger and older AFB groups (P-value=3.45E-03). The genetic correlation between schizophrenia and AFB in the younger AFB group is -0.16 (SE=0.04) while that between schizophrenia and AFB in the older AFB group is 0.14 (SE=0.08). Our results suggest that early, and perhaps also late, age at first birth in women is associated with increased genetic risk for schizophrenia. These findings contribute new insights into factors contributing to the complex bio-social risk architecture underpinning the association between parental age and offspring mental health.
MACS – a new SPM toolbox for model assessment, comparison and selection
Authors: Soch Joram , Allefeld Carsten 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundIn cognitive neuroscience, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data are widely analyzed using general linear models (GLMs). However, model quality of GLMs for fMRI is rarely assessed, in part due to the lack of formal measures for statistical model inference.New MethodWe introduce a new SPM toolbox for model assessment, comparison and selection (MACS) of GLMs applied to fMRI data. MACS includes classical, information-theoretic and Bayesian methods of model assessment previously applied to GLMs for fMRI as well as recent methodological developments of model selection and model averaging in fMRI data analysis.ResultsThe toolbox – which is freely available from GitHub – directly builds on the Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) software package and is easy-to-use, general-purpose, modular, readable and extendable. We validate the toolbox by reproducing model selection and model averaging results from earlier publications.Comparison with Existing MethodsA previous toolbox for model diagnosis in fMRI has been discontinued and other approaches to model comparison between GLMs have not been translated into reusable computational resources in the past.ConclusionsIncreased attention on model quality will lead to lower false-positive rates in cognitive neuroscience and increased application of the MACS toolbox will increase the reproducibility of GLM analyses and is likely to increase the replicability of fMRI studies.
Small RNAs are trafficked from the epididymis to developing mammalian sperm
Authors: Sharma Upasna , Sun Fengyun , Reichholf Brian , Herzog Veronika A. , Ameres Stefan L. , Rando Oliver J. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryRNAs present in mature mammalian sperm are delivered to the zygote at fertilization, where they have the potential to affect early development. The biogenesis of the small RNA payload of mature sperm is therefore of great interest, as it may be a target of signaling pathways linking paternal conditions to offspring phenotype. Recent studies have suggested the surprising hypothesis that the small RNA payload carried by mature sperm may include RNAs that were not synthesized during testicular spermatogenesis, but that are instead delivered to sperm during the process of post-testicular maturation in the epididymis. To further test this hypothesis, we characterized small RNA dynamics during testicular and post-testicular germ cell maturation in mice. We show that purified testicular germ cell populations, including mature testicular spermatozoa, carry extremely low levels of tRNA fragments (tRFs), and that tRFs become highly abundant only after sperm have entered the epididiymis. The process of small RNA delivery to sperm can be recapitulated in vitro, as caput epididymosomes deliver small RNAs including tRFs and microRNAs to mature testicular spermatozoa. Finally, to definitively identify the tissue of origin for small RNAs in sperm, we carried out tissue-specific metabolic labeling of RNAs in intact mice, finding that mature sperm carry small RNAs that were originally synthesized in the somatic cells of the epididymis. Taken together, our data demonstrates that soma-germline small RNA transfer occurs in male mammals, most likely via vesicular transport from the epididymis to maturing sperm.
Assessing the quality of supplementary sensory feedback using a crossmodal congruency task
Authors: Blustein Daniel , Wilson Adam , Sensinger Jon 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPeripheral nerve interfaces show promise in making prosthetic limbs more biomimetic and ultimately more intuitive and useful for patients. However, approaches to assess these emerging technologies are limited in their scope and the insight they provide. When outfitting a prosthesis with a new feedback system it would be helpful to quantify its physiological correspondence, i.e. how well the experimental feedback mimics the perceived feedback in an intact limb. Here we present an approach to quantify physiological correspondence using a modified crossmodal congruency task. We trained 60 able-bodied subjects to control a bypass prosthesis under different feedback conditions and training durations. We find that the crossmodal congruency effect (CCE) score is sensitive to changes in feedback modality (multi-way ANOVA; F(2,48) = 6.02, p<0.05). After extended training, the CCE score increased as the spatial separation between expected and perceived feedback decreased (unpaired t-test, p<0.05). We present a model that can quantitatively estimate physiological correspondence given the CCE result and the measured spatial separation of the feedback. This quantification approach gives researchers a tool to assess an aspect of emerging augmented feedback systems that is not measurable with current motor assessments.
Inter-play(ing) – embodied and relational possibilities of “serious play” at work
Authors: Küpers Wendelin 
Published: October 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the role of embodied dimensions and relational possibilities of (serious) play at work. It shows how a phenomenological and processual approach can help in developing an integral understanding of (serious) play and its paradox in relation to work and practical wisdom and professional artistry in organizations.Design/methodology/approachBased on the literature review and phenomenology, the role of embodied dimension, and the nexus of playful practitioners, practices and playgrounds are discussed. Systematically, then the concept of “inter-playing” is proposed as a specific embodied and processual practice. Subsequently, the in-between is shown to be a medium and transrelational nexus for (serious) play that allows a more comprehensive understanding and implications.FindingsBased on the phenomenological and relational approach, the concept of (inter-)play allows an extended understanding of serious play and its paradox as a form of an inter-practice. The mediating in-(ter-)between is revealed as decisive for playful practices and playgrounds in organizations. Serious play is linked to practical wisdom and professional artistry in organizations.Research limitations/implicationsSpecific theoretical and methodological implications for exploring and enacting play are offered. It is suggested to take research itself as a form of inter-practice and to enact a more integral epistemology and methodological pluralism, including body-related and art-based approaches and critical issues.Practical implicationsSome specific practical implications are provided that facilitate and enable embodied play and play-spaces in an ongoing, arts-based learning and development process in organizational and educational contexts.Social implicationsThe corporeality of responsive inter-play is seen as connected to sociality and social interaction as self and others are considered as a nexus. In particular, poetic phrónêsis in professional playful practice is linked to social creativity that includes attention and recognition of others and otherness as well as social inclusivity.Originality/valueBy extending the existing discourse and using an embodied approach, the paper proposes a novel orientation for re-interpreting serious play. Equally, it offers the new processual concepts of inter-play and inter-practice that allow more explorations and connections to discourses and practices of phronesis and art(istry).
Sex‐biased seed predation in gynodioecious Dianthus superbus var. longicalycinus (Capryophyllaceae) and differential influence of two seed predator species on the floral traits
Authors: Miyake Takashi , Satake Ikue , Miyake Keiko 
Published: September 2017

AbstractGynodioecy, the co‐occurrence of hermaphrodite and female individuals within a species, is maintained by differential reproductive success between sexes. Recently, researchers recognized that not only pollinators but also herbivores are important agents in the evolution and maintenance of gynodioecy, when herbivory is hermaphrodite biased. In this study, we investigated whether there is hermaphrodite‐biased herbivory in a gynodioecious plant, Dianthus superbus var. longicalycinus, and if so, what floral traits influenced hermaphrodite‐biased herbivory. We measured flower morphology (flower diameter, calyx tube length, corolla height and petal width) and phenology of flowers of female individuals, hermaphrodites and gynomonoecious individuals in a natural population. We also investigated seed predation and predator species. At the study site, Sibinia weevils (Curculionidae; Coleoptera) and Coleophora moths (Coleophoridae; Lepidoptera) were common pre‐dispersal seed predators in this species. The weevil appeared early in the flowering season, and weevil predation correlated with flower phenology. Because female individuals did not flower early in the season, weevil predation was less frequent in female individuals. Moth predation correlated with calyx length. The calyx length of flowers of female individuals was smaller than those of hermaphrodites, but a direct comparison of moth predation rates failed to find a significant difference among sex morphs. We found that the two seed predators had different effects on floral traits in D. superbus var. longicalycinus. We suggest that weevil predation contributes to the maintenance of gynodioecy because female individuals successfully escaped weevil predation by flowering late. It remains unclear why flower phenology is different among sex morphs.
Adsorption of Nafamostat Mesilate on AN69ST Membranes: A Single‐Center Retrospective and In Vitro Study
Authors: Nakamura Yoshihiko , Hara Shuuji , Hatomoto Hiroki , Yamasaki Shintaro , Nakano Takafumi , Miyazaki Motoyasu , Matsumoto Norihiko , Irie Yuhei , Ishikura Hiroyasu 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe examined whether AN69ST (acrylonitrile and methallyl sulfonate copolymer) membranes adsorb nafamostat mesilate. This study retrospectively analyzed 87 continuous hemodiafiltration sessions in vivo. We divided the continuous hemodiafiltration sessions into AN69ST and non‐AN69ST groups using the nafamostat mesilate dose and activated clotting time as indicators of nafamostat mesilate adsorption onto the membrane. Furthermore, we studied the in vitro adsorption of nafamostat mesilate from nafamostat mesilate solutions onto four different hemodialysis membranes. This in vivo study shows that nafamostat mesilate doses were significantly higher, but activated clotting times were shorter (P < 0.001) in the AN69ST group than in the non‐AN69ST group. These results suggest that AN69ST adsorbs nafamostat mesilate. Further, the in vitro experiments show that nafamostat mesilate adsorbs AN69ST on membranes significantly more than the other membranes tested. These in vitro and clinical findings provide evidence that AN69ST may adsorb nafamostat mesilate.
Return Visit Admissions May Not Indicate Quality of Emergency Department Care for Children
Authors: Sills Marion R. , Macy Michelle L. , Kocher Keith E. , Sabbatini Amber K. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe objective was to test the hypothesis that in‐hospital outcomes are worse among children admitted during a return ED visit than among those admitted during an index ED visit.MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of ED visits by children age 0 to 17 to hospitals in Florida and New York in 2013. Children hospitalized during an ED return visit within 7 days were classified as “ED return admissions” (discharged at ED index visit and admitted at return visit) or “readmissions” (admission at both ED index and return visits). In‐hospital outcomes for ED return admissions and readmissions were compared to “index admissions without return admission” (admitted at ED index visit without 7‐day return visit admission).ResultsAmong 1,886,053 index ED visits to 321 hospitals, 75,437 were index admissions without return admission, 7,561 were ED return admissions, and 1,333 were readmissions. ED return admissions had lower intensive care unit admission rates (11.0% vs. 13.6%; adjusted odds ratio = 0.78; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.71 to 0.85), longer length of stay (3.51 days vs. 3.38 days; difference = 0.13 days; incidence rate ratio = 1.04; 95% CI = 1.02 to 1.07), but no difference in mean hospital costs (($7,138 vs. $7,331; difference = –$193; 95% CI = –$479 to $93) compared to index admissions without return admission.ConclusionsCompared with children who experienced index admissions without return admission, children who are initially discharged from the ED who then have a return visit admission had lower severity and similar cost, suggesting that ED return visit admissions do not involve worse outcomes than do index admissions.
CREB Protein Mediates Alcohol‐Induced Circadian Disruption and Intestinal Permeability
Authors: Davis Booker T , Voigt Robin M. , Shaikh Maliha , Forsyth Christopher B. , Keshavarzian Ali 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundAlcoholic liver disease (ALD) is commonly associated with intestinal permeability. An unanswered question is why only a subset of heavy alcohol drinkers develop endotoxemia. Recent studies suggest that circadian disruption is the susceptibility factor for alcohol‐induced gut leakiness to endotoxins. The circadian protein PER2 is increased after exposure to alcohol and siRNA knockdown of PER2 in vitro blocks alcohol‐induced intestinal barrier dysfunction. We have shown that blocking CYP2E1 (i.e., important for alcohol metabolism) with siRNA inhibits the alcohol‐induced increase in PER2 and suggesting that oxidative stress may mediate alcohol‐induced increase in PER2 in intestinal epithelial cells. The aim of this study was to elucidate whether a mechanism incited by alcohol‐derived oxidative stress mediates the transcriptional induction of PER2 and subsequent intestinal hyperpermeability.MethodsCaco‐2 cells were exposed to 0.2% alcohol with or without pretreatment with modulators of oxidative stress or PKA activity. Permeability of the Caco‐2 monolayer was assessed by transepithelial electrical resistance. Protein expression was measured by Western blot and mRNA with real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Wild‐type C57BL/6J mice were fed with alcohol diet (29% of total calories, 4.5% v/v) for 8 weeks. Western blot was used to analyze PER2 expression in mouse proximal colon tissue.ResultsAlcohol increased oxidative stress, caused Caco‐2 cell monolayer dysfunction, and increased levels of the circadian clock proteins PER2 and CLOCK. These effects were mitigated by pretreatment of Caco‐2 cells with an antioxidant scavenger. Alcohol‐derived oxidative stress activated cAMP response element‐binding (CREB) via the PKA pathway and increased PER2 mRNA and protein. Inhibiting CREB prevented the increase in PER2 and Caco‐2 cell monolayer hyperpermeability.ConclusionsTaken together, these data suggest that strategies to reduce alcohol‐induced oxidative stress may alleviate alcohol‐mediated circadian disruption and intestinal leakiness, critical drivers of ALD.
The sex‐shift in single disease and multimorbid asthma and rhinitis during puberty ‐ a study by MeDALL
Authors: Keller T. , Hohmann C. , Standl M. , Wijga A. H. , Gehring U. , Melén E. , Almqvist C. , Lau S. , Eller E. , Wahn U. , Christiansen E. S. , von Berg A. , Heinrich J. , Lehmann I. , Maier D. , Postma D. S. , Antó J. M. , Bousquet J. , Keil T. , Roll S. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundCross‐sectional studies suggested that allergy prevalence in childhood is higher in boys compared to girls, but it remains unclear whether this inequality changes after puberty. We examined the sex‐specific prevalence of asthma and rhinitis as single and as multimorbid diseases before and after puberty onset in longitudinal cohort data.MethodsIn six European population‐based birth cohorts of MeDALL, we assessed the outcomes: current rhinitis, current asthma, current allergic multimorbidity (ie, concurrent asthma and rhinitis), puberty status and allergic sensitization by specific serum antibodies (immunoglobulin E) against aero‐allergens. With generalized estimating equations, we analysed the effects of sex, age, puberty (yes/no) and possible confounders on the prevalence of asthma and rhinitis, and allergic multimorbidity in each cohort separately and performed individual participant data meta‐analysis.FindingsWe included data from 19 013 participants from birth to age 14‐20 years. Current rhinitis only affected girls less often than boys before and after puberty onset: adjusted odds ratio for females vs males 0.79 (95%‐confidence interval 0.73‐0.86) and 0.86 (0.79‐0.94), respectively (sex‐puberty interaction P = .089). Similarly, for current asthma only, females were less often affected than boys both before and after puberty onset: 0.71, 0.63‐0.81 and 0.81, 0.64‐1.02, respectively (sex‐puberty interaction P = .327). The prevalence of allergic multimorbidity showed the strongest sex effect before puberty onset (female‐male‐OR 0.55, 0.46‐0.64) and a considerable shift towards a sex‐balanced prevalence after puberty onset (0.89, 0.74‐1.04); sex‐puberty interaction: P < .001.InterpretationThe male predominance in prevalence before puberty and the “sex‐shift” towards females after puberty onset were strongest in multimorbid patients who had asthma and rhinitis concurrently.