bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Community connections, community collections
Authors: Gwynn David 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to explore library–community collaboration from both a theoretical and practical perspective, highlighting successful collaborative strategies and projects and illustrating important considerations for libraries that are considering community partnerships.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper consists of a literature review and several “capsule” case studies of projects completed at one academic library to illustrate principles that can result in successful collaborative projects.

Findings
Library–community collaboration presents significant benefits if the needs and priorities of all collaborating partners are taken into account. Successful projects will use the strengths of one partner to balance the weaknesses of another, will be based on shared goals, will offer credit to all partners and will result in stronger relationships for all involved.

Originality/value
Although library–community partnerships are not uncommon, many of these partnerships are housed in public libraries or involve only large, institutional players. This paper explores several non-traditional academic library initiatives involving youth service learning and outreach to smaller community groups that might otherwise be ignored by large university libraries.
Digital newspaper preservation through collaboration
Authors: Krahmer Ana 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
The Texas Digital Newspaper Program (TDNP) supports newspaper preservation and access for any title in Texas, from any date, any location and representing any community. As an active member of the Texas Press Association, TDNP also supports large-scale preservation of born-digital newspaper PDF issues for member publishers. This paper aims to explore how the early days of TDNP built a strong foundation of collaboration and support for large-scale preservation projects, including support for preserving a state press association PDF newspaper collection.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper is a case study of a collaborative endeavor to create a large-scale, statewide digital newspaper preservation hub in Texas. This paper details how individual partnerships led to new and larger partnerships. Figures and tables represent numbers of partner institutions served, numbers of newspapers preserved and screenshots of how these items appear within collections on the digital repository environment of The Portal to Texas History. This paper concludes with recommendations for groups interested in developing their own collaborative projects.

Findings
As a case study, the data explored include numbers of partnering institutions, materials contributed by partnering institutions and how these numbers help to forward the TDNP agenda.

Practical Implications
The final recommendations are lessons learned through collaboration, and the implications are real-world advice from the partners developed through the TDNP.

Originality/value
Hosting over 3.25 million pages of newspapers, the TDNP has become an enormous hub of newspaper preservation in Texas, and it is unique in the numbers of partners it supports and the numbers of pages it is able to host for free access via The Portal to Texas History. This paper is intended to help other groups across the world build their own collaborative preservation efforts, and it offers pragmatic advice derived from hands-on experience.
Librarians prepare to help patrons overcome the digital divide in Northeast Florida
Authors: O’Neill Jennifer 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this innovative, highly replicable paper is to teach library staff learn to use mobile apps to lead and assist patrons and effectively market library services.

Design/methodology/approach
This web-based class introduces participants to one mobile app a week. Participants must download the app to an Apple or Droid device, complete an activity and answer a few thought-provoking questions. Participants’ time commitment does not exceed one hour per week.

Findings
Participants were proud and excited to have mastered their mobile device and 23 mobile apps. They reported that they planned to create programs to teach apps to patrons, market their services using apps and continue to stay current with technological advances.

Researchlimitations/implications
Participants need to have access to a mobile device.

Practicalimplications
Library directors allowed staff to use an hour a week of work time to complete this program.

Socialimplications
Library staff enjoyed talking about the apps and working together. Each Monday morning when a new app was revealed, they competed to be the first to complete the activity and post answers to the questions online. They had fun.

Originality/value
This program allows customization. It was customized to meet the strategic needs of the authors’ organization, encouraging a sense of community among participants, marketing their services and highlighting member libraries that were already using some of the apps well. (One of our libraries had their own app and that became one of the Things.)
Roads increase population growth rates of a native leaf‐cutter ant in Neotropical savannahs
Authors: Vieira‐Neto Ernane H. M. , Vasconcelos Heraldo L. , Bruna Emilio M. 
Published: April 2016

Summary

A challenge in applied ecology is understanding the responses of native species to roads, which are ubiquitous drivers of environmental heterogeneity. While most studies highlight their negative effects, the potential for native species to increase in abundance near roads has been underappreciated, and the demographic mechanisms underlying abundance changes remain unclear. Elucidating these mechanisms requires first determining how demographic vital rates and life‐history stages interact to influence population growth. One can then assess how roads alter the relative importance of the alternative demographic pathways – increased performance of early vs. late life stages – suggested as the principal drivers of increased population growth.

We parameterized demographic models with 3 years of census data and conducted perturbation analyses to evaluate how proximity to roads altered abundance and demography. To do so, we used the leaf‐cutter ant Atta laevigata as our model organism. Leaf‐cutters are native ecosystem engineers and dominant herbivores in Neotropical ecosystems and also amongst the longest lived insects in nature. Our study was conducted in Cerrado savannahs, where road networks are rapidly expanding and Atta species are major agricultural pests.

We found that 35–45% of adult colonies were located within 15 m of roads, which is significantly closer than expected at random. Population growth rates (λ) were >1 both near and far from roads, but λ near roads were significantly (41%) higher. Elasticities of λ to early survival and growth rates were proportionally much higher than those of adult stages, irrespective of habitat. Life‐table response experiment results indicate that the higher λ near roads was due primarily to the much higher colonization and early‐life performance there.

Synthesis and applications. Road networks are proliferating throughout biodiversity‐rich regions. Developing conservation and management guidelines for species whose abundance is altered by roads requires understanding the demographic mechanisms that underpin these changes. We demonstrate that the higher growth rate of roadside Atta laevigata populations is due to increased early‐life performance. Thus, the expansion of road networks could have major ecological and economic consequences by facilitating the increased abundance of ecosystem engineers and agricultural pests. Accounting for A. laevigata early life stages and careful planning of road placement should improve management strategies of protected areas and agricultural systems in Neotropical savannahs.
GM Crop Coexistence in Practice: Delivering Real Choices for Farmers and Consumers
Authors: Pearsall Daniel 
Published: April 2016

SummaryThe political context which frames the EU policy debate over farm‐level coexistence between genetically modified (GM) and non‐GM crops has progressively lost sight of the practical and commercial realities involved. Instead of providing the basis for farmers and consumers to exercise a meaningful choice in relation to approved GM and non‐GM products, the politically motivated use of disproportionate or unworkable coexistence measures has in itself become a further barrier to GM crop adoption in Europe. Yet coexistence is not a new concept in agriculture, and well‐established practices exist throughout the farm supply chain to produce, segregate, store and deliver harvested crops to specified levels of quality and purity. In each case, the level of market differentiation – not the degree of political prejudice – determines the nature and cost of the segregation procedures applied. This article argues that worldwide experience of managing GM crop coexistence in practice suggests that a supply chain‐based approach to managing GM crop coexistence – rather than Government prescription – offers the most effective solution to servicing differentiated market demands.
Corporate Strategy on GMOs under Alternative Futures: The Case of a Large Food Retailer in Italy
Authors: Passuello Francesca , Boccaletti Stefano 
Published: April 2016

SummaryThis article analyses the possible response strategies of a large Italian food retailer to alternative future scenarios for the segregation of GM and non‐GM products/ingredients in EU feed and food supply chains. Scenarios were developed by key EU feed‐food supply chain stakeholders during a 2‐day workshop held in Brussels in September 2014. Based on two major drivers, namely regulatory framework and perception of genetically modified organisms, stakeholders ended up with three scenarios: 1) Enabling regulatory framework, negative consumer's perception of GMOs; 2) Restrictive regulatory framework, positive consumer's perception of GMOs; 3) Restrictive regulatory framework, negative consumer's perception of GMOs. The retailer's strategy, which entails the certification of all the products sold under its private label as non‐GM, could be modified under different future scenarios. For example, with an increase in segregation costs due to a more restrictive regulatory framework and a positive perception of GMOs, the retailer may decide to differentiate private labels based on other safety/quality attributes or on the direct benefits for consumers of second generation quality‐enhanced GM products. If instead under a restrictive regulation the consumer's perception was still negative, the de facto ban of GMOs in the EU would probably cancel the retailer's exclusive reputational benefits from its voluntary non‐GM schemes, making this differentiation process unprofitable.
A Question of Segregation: ‘GM‐free’ Maize Bread in Portugal
Authors: Quedas Fátima , Ponte João , Trindade Carlos , Punt Maarten , Wesseler Justus 
Published: April 2016

SummaryWe describe the maize supply chain in Portugal for maize bread, a traditional bread type. As this bread is not labelled as ‘contains genetically modified organisms’ it should not contain more than 0.9 per cent genetically modified ingredients. On the basis of interviews we identify a general lack of documentation of the presence or absence of genetically modified ingredients along the complete supply chain (farmers, traders, mills and bakeries). Part of this deficiency is probably driven by a lack of awareness of the labelling rules at the end of the supply chain. A test of maize bread showed that more than 40 per cent of breads were indeed over the labelling threshold, and should be labelled. This includes GM maize that is not cultivated in the EU and enters the supply chain via international trade. We conclude that the realisation of coexistence and segregation requires involvement of the full supply chain, rather than just segregation at the start, if bread is to be sold with a GMO content below the 0.9 per cent threshold level. Alternatively, retailers can label their bread. This might be a cheaper solution and as a study from Switzerland shows may not result in adverse consumer reaction.
Detecting the movement and spawning activity of bigheaded carps with environmental DNA
Authors: Erickson Richard A. , Rees Christopher B. , Coulter Alison A. , Merkes Christopher M. , McCalla Sunnie G. , Touzinsky Katherine F. , Walleser Liza , Goforth Reuben R. , Amberg Jon J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBigheaded carps are invasive fishes threatening to invade the Great Lakes basin and establish spawning populations, and have been monitored using environmental DNA (eDNA). Not only does eDNA hold potential for detecting the presence of species, but may also allow for quantitative comparisons like relative abundance of species across time or space. We examined the relationships among bigheaded carp movement, hydrography, spawning and eDNA on the Wabash River, IN, USA. We found positive relationships between eDNA and movement and eDNA and hydrography. We did not find a relationship between eDNA and spawning activity in the form of drifting eggs. Our first finding demonstrates how eDNA may be used to monitor species abundance, whereas our second finding illustrates the need for additional research into eDNA methodologies. Current applications of eDNA are widespread, but the relatively new technology requires further refinement.
The main signs of ageing in people with intellectual disability
Authors: Wark Stuart , Hussain Rafat , Edwards Helen 
Published: April 2016

AbstractObjectiveInvestigations around ageing with an intellectual disability have increased substantially in the past three decades. A research gap continued to exist regarding the detection of ageing issues in this cohort of people, particularly in rural areas where access to specialist support continued to be limited. The purpose of this study was to identify the main signs of ageing in rural people with intellectual disabilities.DesignA multi‐round Delphi design was used to examine what signs of ageing were observed by disability support staff, who assisted people with intellectual disability.SettingThe project was conducted across nine of the ten rural regions (as defined by the government funding body) in New South Wales (NSW).ParticipantsThere were 31 participants representing 14 non‐government organisations. The group was composed of 26 women and 5 men, with a mean age of 47 years, who averaged 10‐year experience with people with intellectual disabilities.Main Outcome MeasuresThe objective was to gain the direct input of rurally based disability workers to identify the main signs of ageing in people with intellectual disabilities.ResultsThirty‐two specific signs of ageing, including emerging mental health issues, grief, loss of identity and aggression, were identified. A thematic analysis indicated two main categories: mental/emotional functioning and physical functioning.ConclusionsWhen carers have the information and skills needed to identify the main signs of ageing, they can more accurately recognise and address potential problems in a timely manner. Such understandings have the potential to reduce premature admissions to residential aged‐care.
Childhood atopic dermatitis—Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor correlates with serum eosinophil cationic protein and disease severity
Authors: Fölster‐Holst R. , Papakonstantinou E. , Rüdrich U. , Buchner M. , Pite H. , Gehring M. , Kapp A. , Weidinger S. , Raap U. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSeveral studies have shown that neurotrophins including brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) play a role in chronic inflammatory skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis (AD). BDNF is increased in the serum samples of adults with AD. Interestingly, eosinophils of these patients can release and produce BDNF. We analyzed BDNF serum levels with ELISA and their correlation with SCORAD score, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), total IgE, IL‐4, IL‐13 and IL‐31 in children with AD (n = 56) compared to nonatopic healthy children (n = 25). In addition, we analyzed FLG loss‐of‐function mutations in 17 children with AD and their connection to BDNF. BDNF serum levels were significantly higher in children with AD. Further, BDNF correlated with disease activity, serum ECP, and total IgE serum levels in AD. There was no difference in BDNF levels of filaggrin‐positive or filaggrin‐negative children with AD, and there was no correlation of BDNF with IL‐31 and Th2 cytokines including IL‐4 and IL‐13. Together, our data add new insights into the pathophysiology of AD, suggesting that serum BDNF which correlates with disease severity contributes to the regulation of inflammation in an eosinophil‐, but not Th2‐dependent manner.
The Effect of an Interphase Interval on Electrically Induced Dorsiflexion Force and Fatigue in Subjects With an Upper Motor Neuron Lesion
Authors: Becher Meni , Springer Shmuel , Braun‐Benyamin Orit , Laufer Yocheved 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe study objective was to investigate the effects of an interphase interval (IPI) interposed between the two phases of a biphasic symmetric pulse, on electrically induced contraction (EIC) forces and fatigue during stimulation of the ankle dorsiflexors in individuals with an upper motor neuron lesion (UMNL). The dorsiflexor muscles of 20 subjects with UMNL routinely using functional electrical stimulation to correct a foot drop during ambulation, were electrically stimulated with biphasic pulses (250 µs phase duration and 35 Hz pulse frequency) using nine IPI durations (ranging from 0 to 400 µs). The induced muscle force and fatigue were measured. A significant positive correlation was found between IPI duration and induced muscle force. Introducing a 250 µs IPI significantly decreased rate of muscle fatigue compared to stimulation with no IPI (P < 0.05). Thus, the introduction of an IPI may reduce the current intensity required to achieve a specific force during functional electrical stimulation in individuals with UMNL. Reduction in muscle fatigue may shorten the conditioning period necessary for first time users of functional electrical stimulation.
Recurrent Clostridium difficile infection associates with distinct bile acid and microbiome profiles
Authors: Allegretti J. R. , Kearney S. , Li N. , Bogart E. , Bullock K. , Gerber G. K. , Bry L. , Clish C. B. , Alm E. , Korzenik J. R. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryBackgroundThe healthy microbiome protects against the development of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), which typically develops following antibiotics. The microbiome metabolises primary to secondary bile acids, a process if disrupted by antibiotics, may be critical for the initiation of CDI.AimTo assess the levels of primary and secondary bile acids associated with CDI and associated microbial changes.MethodsStool and serum were collected from patients with (i) first CDI (fCDI), (ii) recurrent CDI (rCDI) and (iii) healthy controls. 16S rRNA sequencing and bile salt metabolomics were performed. Random forest regression models were constructed to predict disease status. PICRUSt analyses were used to test for associations between predicted bacterial bile salt hydrolase (BSH) gene abundances and bile acid levels.ResultsSixty patients (20 fCDI, 19 rCDI and 21 controls) were enrolled. Secondary bile acids in stool were significantly elevated in controls compared to rCDI and fCDI (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.0007 respectively). Primary bile acids in stool were significantly elevated in rCDI compared to controls (P < 0.0001) and in rCDI compared to fCDI (P = 0.02). Using random forest regression, we distinguished rCDI and fCDI patients 84.2% of the time using bile acid ratios. Stool deoxycholate to glycoursodeoxycholate ratio was the single best predictor. PICRUSt analyses found significant differences in predicted abundances of bacterial BSH genes in stool samples across the groups.ConclusionsPrimary and secondary bile acid composition in stool was different in those with rCDI, fCDI and controls. The ratio of stool deoxycholate to glycoursodeoxycholate was the single best predictor of disease state and may be a potential biomarker for recurrence.
Meta‐analysis of erythrocyte polyunsaturated fatty acid biostatus in bipolar disorder
Authors: McNamara Robert K. , Welge Jeffrey A. 
Published: April 2016

ObjectivesDietary deficiency in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), including the omega‐3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n‐3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n‐3), and excesses in omega‐6 fatty acids, including linoleic acid (LA; 18:2n‐6) and arachidonic acid (AA; 20:4n‐6), may be associated with the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder. In an effort to provide clarification regarding the relationship between PUFA biostatus and bipolar disorder, this meta‐analysis investigated studies comparing erythrocyte (red blood cell) membrane PUFA composition in patients with bipolar disorder and healthy controls.MethodsA meta‐analysis was performed on case–control studies comparing erythrocyte PUFA (EPA, DHA, LA and AA) levels in patients with bipolar I disorder and healthy controls. Standardized effect sizes were calculated and combined using a random effects model.ResultsSix eligible case‐control studies comprising n = 118 bipolar I patients and n = 147 healthy controls were included in the analysis. Compared with healthy controls, patients with bipolar I disorder exhibited robust erythrocyte DHA deficits (p = 0.0008) and there was a trend for lower EPA (p = 0.086). There were no significant differences in LA (p = 0.42) or AA (p = 0.64).ConclusionsBipolar I disorder is associated with robust erythrocyte DHA deficits. These findings add to a growing body of evidence implicating omega‐3 PUFA deficiency in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder.
A systematic literature review on the use of vacuum assisted closure for enterocutaneous fistula
Authors: Misky A. , Hotouras A. , Ribas Y. , Ramar S. , Bhan C. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAimEnterocutaneous fistula (ECF) is considered to be one of the most challenging complications a general surgeon can encounter. The current mainstay of treatment is surgical closure, associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Vacuum assisted closure (VAC) has been successfully used for closure of persistent abdominal wounds for a number of years. This study aims to investigate whether current literature supports the use of VAC for ECF.MethodA PubMed search of the search terms ‘enterocutaneous fistula’ and ‘vacuum assisted closure/therapy’ was performed in December 2014. Results were restricted to articles involving human subjects with an available abstract and full text written between 1950 and 2014. The end‐points analysed included rate of fistula closure, duration of follow‐up, and morbidity and mortality where available.ResultsTen studies (all level IV) including 151 patients were examined. In all except one, surgery was the underlying aetiology with median number of fistulae per patient of one. The median rate of closure with VAC was 64.6% (7.7–100%) with healing occurring within 58 (12–90) days. Follow‐up was only mentioned in three of the 10 studies, in which the patients were followed for 3, 20 and 28.5 months. No complications were reported in all but one of the studies, in which abdominal wall disruption and intestinal obstruction were identified in a minority of patients.ConclusionThe included studies suggest that VAC therapy may be considered a safe treatment for ECF. The current evidence is generally of low level and characterized by heterogeneity. Definitive recommendations based on this information cannot therefore be made. Further studies are necessary to establish any proven benefit over standard surgical or conservative therapy.