bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Labor and marriage market incorporation of individuals with an origin from Turkey in Sweden: A comparative perspective
Authors: Çelikaksoy Aycan 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis paper investigates the labor and marriage market incorporation of individuals originating from Turkey in comparison to other migrant groups in Sweden. Using high-quality register data from Statistics Sweden, the progress of and challenges facing this group are analyzed in comparison to their European and Middle Eastern counterparts, both over time and over generations. The descriptive results point to the economic progress of individuals from Turkey over time and over generations, especially in the case of native-born females. The results show that native-born individuals with an origin from Turkey are more likely to be employed as compared to their counterparts from the New 10 EU member states, Bulgaria and Romania, and the Middle East. However, those originating from Turkey are less likely to intermarry as compared to other groups. Further analyses indicate that individual characteristics are more important for native-born individuals, as compared to immigrants, in explaining the observed gaps in the labor market as well as the marriage market. However, the role of individual characteristics in explaining differences across groups varies by gender as well as by generation.
Low water availability and salinity effects on seedling viability of Bassia indica compared to B. iranica and B. prostrata (Amaranthaceae)
Authors: Shelef Oren , Gendler Tanya , Gutterman Yitzchak , Rachmilevitch Shimon 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDesert plants are exposed to water shortage and often salinity, instantly after dormancy withdrawal. We studied the effects of aridity and salinity on germination and initial growth of Bassiaindica, B. iranica and B. prostrata. We hypothesized that: (1) all species would exhibit adaptations to water shortage immediately after germination, including rapid root growth and high seedling-survival rates; and (2) obligate halophytes benefit from positive effects of salinity on germination success and desiccation tolerance. After we germinated seeds in water or NaCl solutions, desiccated and rehydrated them, we found that all three species showed rapid germination and root elongation, as well as good germination success. However, salinity had a negative effect on the germination success of all three, with only B. indica germinating in 3% NaCl. Salinity had a positive effect on desiccation tolerance of B. indica seedlings, but had no significant effect on either B. prostrata or B. iranica. Thus the presence of salinity immediately after germination can protect halophyte seedlings from desiccation. To the best of our knowledge, survival of seedlings after periods of desiccation and rewetting with solutions of up to 3% NaCl has never been reported. Studying salinity tolerance in halophytes is important in a world exposed to expanding desertification.
Comparing welfare estimates across stated preference and uncertainty elicitation formats for air quality improvements in Nairobi, Kenya
Authors: Ndambiri Hilary , Brouwer Roy , Mungatana Eric 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe effect of preference uncertainty on estimated willingness to pay (WTP) is examined using identical payment cards and alternative uncertainty elicitation procedures in three split samples, focusing on air quality improvement in Nairobi. The effect of the stochastic payment card (SPC) and polychotomous payment card (PPC) are compared with a conventional payment card (PC). Substantial financial support is found for improved air quality in Nairobi, with approximately 85 per cent of the whole sample stating a positive WTP. The way WTP values are elicited, with and without ability to express preference uncertainty, has significant effect on WTP welfare estimate. Allowing respondents to express experienced uncertainty when stating WTP value yields more conservative but less accurate WTP values for inclusion in policy analysis. The PPC seems to hold more promise since it is easier to understand and imposes less cognitive burden on survey participants than the SPC in a developing country context.
Associations of food consumption, serum vitamins and metabolic syndrome risk with physical activity level in middle-aged adults: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005–2006
Authors: Choi Jihyun E , Ainsworth Barbara E 
Published: February 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the associations of food consumption, serum vitamins and metabolic syndrome risk with physical activity level in middle-aged adults.DesignCross-sectional.SettingNational Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005–2006.SubjectsAdults aged 40–70 years were divided into three groups by tertile of accelerometer-determined steps/d (in men and women, respectively): tertile 1 (sedentary), <6802, <5785; tertile 2 (intermediate), 6802–10698, 5785–9225; tertile 3 (active), ≥10699, ≥9226.ResultsThe active men consumed more grain products, fruits and vegetables, whereas the active women consumed more legumes and vegetables, compared with the sedentary group. Serum vitamin concentrations were associated with daily steps in both men and women. Vitamin C, α-carotene, trans-β-carotene, cis-β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein+zeaxanthin, lycopene, γ-tocopherol and vitamin D were significantly associated with daily steps. OR (P<0·05) for the sedentary group were 1·52 and 1·61 for low HDL cholesterol, 1·66 and 3·97 for hypertriacylglycerolaemia, 1·02 and 2·73 for abdominal obesity, 1·79 and 1·77 for hyperglycaemia, 1·59 and 1·60 for hypertension, and 1·85 and 2·47 for metabolic syndrome in men and women, respectively.ConclusionsThose with the highest steps taken showed a more healthful eating profile and a better serum vitamin profile compared with less active adults. Those with the lowest steps taken had greater odds of having metabolic syndrome and its risk components. Probably, daily walking is a marker of a healthful eating profile and increasing daily walking is one of the healthful ways to decrease the metabolic syndrome and its risk components.
Hepatocyte TRAF3 promotes liver steatosis and systemic insulin resistance through targeting TAK1-dependent signalling
Authors: Wang Pi-Xiao , Zhang Xiao-Jing , Luo Pengcheng , Jiang Xi , Zhang Peng , Guo Junhong , Zhao Guang-Nian , Zhu Xueyong , Zhang Yan , Yang Sijun , Li Hongliang 
Published: February 2016

AbstractNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance and a systemic pro-inflammatory response. Here we show that tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3) is upregulated in mouse and human livers with hepatic steatosis. After 24 weeks on a high-fat diet (HFD), obesity, insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis and inflammatory responses are significantly ameliorated in liver-specific TRAF3-knockout mice, but exacerbated in transgenic mice overexpressing TRAF3 in hepatocytes. The detrimental effects of TRAF3 on hepatic steatosis and related pathologies are confirmed in ob/ob mice. We further show that in response to HFD, hepatocyte TRAF3 binds to TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) to induce TAK1 ubiquitination and subsequent autophosphorylation, thereby enhancing the activation of downstream IKKβ–NF-κB and MKK–JNK–IRS1307 signalling cascades, while disrupting AKT–GSK3β/FOXO1 signalling. The TRAF3–TAK1 interaction and TAK1 ubiquitination are indispensable for TRAF3-regulated hepatic steatosis. In conclusion, hepatocyte TRAF3 promotes HFD-induced or genetic hepatic steatosis in a TAK1-dependent manner.
Universality of slip avalanches in flowing granular matter
Authors: Denisov D. V. , Lörincz K. A. , Uhl J. T. , Dahmen K. A. , Schall P. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe search for scale-bridging relations in the deformation of amorphous materials presents a current challenge with tremendous applications in material science, engineering and geology. While generic features in the flow and microscopic dynamics support the idea of a universal scaling theory of deformation, direct microscopic evidence remains poor. Here, we provide the first measurement of internal scaling relations in the deformation of granular matter. By combining macroscopic force fluctuation measurements with internal strain imaging, we demonstrate the existence of robust scaling relations from particle-scale to macroscopic flow. We identify consistent power-law relations truncated by systematic pressure-dependent cutoff, in agreement with recent mean-field theory of slip avalanches in elasto-plastic materials, revealing the existence of a mechanical critical point. These results experimentally establish scale-bridging relations in the flow of matter, paving the way to a new universal theory of deformation.
The physico-chemical properties and structural characteristics of artificial soil for cut slope restoration in Southwestern China
Authors: Chen Shunan , Ai Xiaoyan , Dong Tengyun , Li Binbin , Luo Ruihong , Ai Yingwei , Chen Zhaoqiong , Li Chuanren 
Published: February 2016

AbstractCut slopes are frequently generated by construction work in hilly areas, and artificial soil is often sprayed onto them to promote ecological rehabilitation. The artificial soil properties are very important for effective management of the slopes. This paper uses fractal and moment methods to characterize soil particle size distribution (PSD) and aggregates composition. The fractal dimension (D) showed linear relationships between clay, silt, and sand contents, with coefficients of determination from 0.843 to 0.875, suggesting that using of D to evaluate the PSD of artificial soils is reasonable. The bias (CS) and peak convex (CE) coefficients showed significant correlations with structure failure rate, moisture content, and total porosity, which validated the moment method to quantitatively describe soil structure. Railway slope (RS) soil has lower organic carbon and soil moisture, and higher pH than natural slope soil. Overall, RS exhibited poor soil structure and physicochemical properties, increasing the risk of soil erosion. Hence, more effective management measures should be adopted to promote the restoration of cut slopes.
Light manipulation of nanoparticles in arrays of topological defects
Authors: Kasyanyuk D. , Pagliusi P. , Mazzulla A. , Reshetnyak V. , Reznikov Yu. , Provenzano C. , Giocondo M. , Vasnetsov M. , Yaroshchuk O. , Cipparrone G. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe report a strategy to assemble and manipulate nanoparticles arrays. The approach is based on the use of topological defects, namely disclination lines, created in chiral liquid crystals. The control of nanoparticle-loaded topological defects by low power light is demonstrated. Large-scale rotation, translation and deformation of quantum dots light-emitting chains is achieved by homogeneous LED illumination. Full reconfigurability and time stability make this approach attractive for future developments and applications.
Effects of TRP channel agonist ingestion on metabolism and autonomic nervous system in a randomized clinical trial of healthy subjects
Authors: Michlig Stéphanie , Merlini Jenny Meylan , Beaumont Maurice , Ledda Mirko , Tavenard Aude , Mukherjee Rajat , Camacho Susana , le Coutre Johannes 
Published: February 2016

AbstractVarious lines of published evidence have already demonstrated the impact of TRPV1 agonists on energetic metabolism through the stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). This study presents a trial investigating if stimulation of the two related sensory receptors TRPA1 and TRPM8 could also stimulate the SNS and impact the energetic metabolism of healthy subjects. The trial was designed to be double-blinded, randomized, cross-over, placebo-controlled with healthy subjects and the impact on the energetic metabolism and the autonomic nervous system (ANS) of cinnamaldehyde, capsaicin and a cooling flavor was measured during the 90 min after ingestion. Energy expenditure and substrate oxidation were measured by indirect calorimetry. An exploratory method to measure ANS activity was by facial thermography and power spectral analysis of heart rate variability using ECG was also used. Following cinnamaldehyde ingestion, energy expenditure was increased as compared to placebo. Furthermore, postprandial fat oxidation was maintained higher compared to placebo after cinnamaldehyde and capsaicin ingestion. Similar peripheral thermoregulation was observed after capsaicin and cinnamaldehyde ingestion. Unlike capsaicin, the dose of cinnamaldehyde was not judged to be sensorially ‘too intense’ by participants suggesting that Cinnamaldehyde would be a more tolerable solution to improve thermogenesis via spicy ingredients as compared to capsaicin.
Cryptococcus neoformans Thermotolerance to Avian Body Temperature Is Sufficient For Extracellular Growth But Not Intracellular Survival In Macrophages
Authors: Johnston Simon A. , Voelz Kerstin , May Robin C. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractCryptococcus neoformans is a fatal fungal pathogen of humans that efficiently parasitises macrophages. Birds can be colonised by cryptococci and can transmit cryptococcosis to humans via inhalation of inoculated bird excreta. However, colonisation of birds appears to occur in the absence of symptomatic infection. Here, using a pure population of primary bird macrophages, we demonstrate a mechanism for this relationship. We find that bird macrophages are able to suppress the growth of cryptococci seen in mammalian cells despite C. neoformans being able to grow at bird body temperature and are able to escape from bird macrophages by vomocytosis. A small subset of cryptococci are able to adapt to the inhibitory intracellular environment of bird macrophages, exhibiting a large cell phenotype that rescues growth suppression. Thus, restriction of intracellular growth combined with survival at bird body temperature explains the ability of birds to efficiently spread C. neoformans in the environment whilst avoiding systemic disease.
Critical dependence of magnetostructural coupling and magnetocaloric effect on particle size in Mn-Fe-Ni-Ge compounds
Authors: Wu Rongrong , Shen Feiran , Hu Fengxia , Wang Jing , Bao Lifu , Zhang Lei , Liu Yao , Zhao Yingying , Liang Feixiang , Zuo Wenliang , Sun Jirong , Shen Baogen 
Published: February 2016

AbstractMagnetostructural coupling, which is the coincidence of crystallographic and magnetic transition, has obtained intense attention for its abundant magnetoresponse effects and promising technological applications, such as solid-state refrigeration, magnetic actuators and sensors. The hexagonal Ni2In-type compounds have attracted much attraction due to the strong magnetostructural coupling and the resulted giant negative thermal expansion and magnetocaloric effect. However, the as-prepared samples are quite brittle and naturally collapse into powders. Here, we report the effect of particle size on the magnetostructural coupling and magnetocaloric effect in the Ni2In-type Mn-Fe-Ni-Ge compound, which undergoes a large lattice change across the transformation from paramagnetic austenite to ferromagnetic martensite. The disappearance of martensitic transformation in a large amount of austenitic phase with reducing particle size, to our best knowledge, has not been reported up to now. The ratio can be as high as 40.6% when the MnNi0.8Fe0.2Ge bulk was broken into particles in the size range of 5~15 μm. Meanwhile, the remained magnetostructural transition gets wider and the magnetic hysteresis becomes smaller. As a result, the entropy change drops, but the effective cooling power RCeffe increases and attains to the maximum at particles in the range of 20~40 μm. These observations provide constructive information and highly benefit practical applications for this class of novel magnetoresponse materials.
Raman spectroscopy identifies radiation response in human non-small cell lung cancer xenografts
Authors: Harder Samantha J. , Isabelle Martin , DeVorkin Lindsay , Smazynski Julian , Beckham Wayne , Brolo Alexandre G. , Lum Julian J. , Jirasek Andrew 
Published: February 2016

AbstractExternal beam radiation therapy is a standard form of treatment for numerous cancers. Despite this, there are no approved methods to account for patient specific radiation sensitivity. In this report, Raman spectroscopy (RS) was used to identify radiation-induced biochemical changes in human non-small cell lung cancer xenografts. Chemometric analysis revealed unique radiation-related Raman signatures that were specific to nucleic acid, lipid, protein and carbohydrate spectral features. Among these changes was a dramatic shift in the accumulation of glycogen spectral bands for doses of 5 or 15 Gy when compared to unirradiated tumours. When spatial mapping was applied in this analysis there was considerable variability as we found substantial intra- and inter-tumour heterogeneity in the distribution of glycogen and other RS spectral features. Collectively, these data provide unique insight into the biochemical response of tumours, irradiated in vivo, and demonstrate the utility of RS for detecting distinct radiobiological responses in human tumour xenografts.
Spin noise explores local magnetic fields in a semiconductor
Authors: Ryzhov Ivan I. , Kozlov Gleb G. , Smirnov Dmitrii S. , Glazov Mikhail M. , Efimov Yurii P. , Eliseev Sergei A. , Lovtcius Viacheslav A. , Petrov Vladimir V. , Kavokin Kirill V. , Kavokin Alexey V. , Zapasskii Valerii S. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractRapid development of spin noise spectroscopy of the last decade has led to a number of remarkable achievements in the fields of both magnetic resonance and optical spectroscopy. In this report, we demonstrate a new – magnetometric – potential of the spin noise spectroscopy and use it to study magnetic fields acting upon electron spin-system of an n-GaAs layer in a high-Q microcavity probed by elliptically polarized light. Along with the external magnetic field, applied to the sample, the spin noise spectrum revealed the Overhauser field created by optically oriented nuclei and an additional, previously unobserved, field arising in the presence of circularly polarized light. This “optical field” is directed along the light propagation axis, with its sign determined by sign of the light helicity. We show that this field results from the optical Stark effect in the field of the elliptically polarized light. This conclusion is supported by theoretical estimates.
Endogenous hydrogen peroxide increases biofilm formation by inducing exopolysaccharide production in Acinetobacter oleivorans DR1
Authors: Jang In-Ae , Kim Jisun , Park Woojun 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn this study, we investigated differentially expressed proteins in Acinetobacter oleivorans cells during planktonic and biofilm growth by using 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis combined with matrix-assisted laser desorption time-of-flight mass spectrometry. We focused on the role of oxidative stress resistance during biofilm formation using mutants defective in alkyl hydroperoxide reductase (AhpC) because its production in aged biofilms was enhanced compared to that in planktonic cells. Results obtained using an ahpC promoter-gfp reporter vector showed that aged biofilms expressed higher ahpC levels than planktonic cells at 48 h. However, at 24 h, ahpC expression was higher in planktonic cells than in biofilms. Deletion of ahpC led to a severe growth defect in rich media that was not observed in minimal media and promoted early biofilm formation through increased production of exopolysaccharide (EPS) and EPS gene expression. Increased endogenous H2O2 production in the ahpC mutant in rich media enhanced biofilm formation, and this enhancement was not observed in the presence of antioxidants. Exogenous addition of H2O2 promoted biofilm formation in wild type cells, which suggested that biofilm development is linked to defense against H2O2. Collectively, our data showed that EPS production caused by H2O2 stress enhances biofilm formation in A. oleivorans.
PNA lectin for purifying mouse acinar cells from the inflamed pancreas
Authors: Xiao Xiangwei , Fischbach Shane , Fusco Joseph , Zimmerman Ray , Song Zewen , Nebres Philip , Ricks David Matthew , Prasadan Krishna , Shiota Chiyo , Husain Sohail Z. , Gittes George K. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBetter methods for purifying human or mouse acinar cells without the need for genetic modification are needed. Such techniques would be advantageous for the specific study of certain mechanisms, such as acinar-to-beta-cell reprogramming and pancreatitis. Ulex Europaeus Agglutinin I (UEA-I) lectin has been used to label and isolate acinar cells from the pancreas. However, the purity of the UEA-I-positive cell fraction has not been fully evaluated. Here, we screened 20 widely used lectins for their binding specificity for major pancreatic cell types and found that UEA-I and Peanut agglutinin (PNA) have a specific affinity for acinar cells in the mouse pancreas, with minimal affinity for other major pancreatic cell types including endocrine cells, duct cells and endothelial cells. Moreover, PNA-purified acinar cells were less contaminated with mesenchymal and inflammatory cells, compared to UEA-I purified acinar cells. Thus, UEA-I and PNA appear to be excellent lectins for pancreatic acinar cell purification. PNA may be a better choice in situations where mesenchymal cells or inflammatory cells are significantly increased in the pancreas, such as type 1 diabetes, pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer.
Surface Diffusion Directed Growth of Anisotropic Graphene Domains on Different Copper Lattices
Authors: Jung Da Hee , Kang Cheong , Nam Ji Eun , Jeong Heekyung , Lee Jin Seok 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAnisotropic graphene domains are of significant interest since the electronic properties of pristine graphene strongly depend on its size, shape, and edge structures. In this work, considering that the growth of graphene domains is governable by the dynamics of the graphene-substrate interface during growth, we investigated the shape and defects of graphene domains grown on copper lattices with different indices by chemical vapor deposition of methane at either low pressure or atmospheric pressure. Computational modeling identified that the crystallographic orientation of copper strongly influences the shape of the graphene at low pressure, yet does not play a critical role at atmospheric pressure. Moreover, the defects that have been previously observed in the center of four-lobed graphene domains grown under low pressure conditions were demonstrated for the first time to be caused by a lattice mismatch between graphene and the copper substrate.