bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conceptual Blending, the Second Naïveté, and the Emergence of New Meanings
Authors: Roberts Jason P. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The field of cognitive linguistics has generated a powerful set of theoretical tools for analyzing the ways in which we understand, communicate, and create concepts. In the conceptual integration theory of Gilles Fauconnier and Mark Turner, the cognitive process known as double-scope blending provides a highdefinition model for the phenomenological hermeneutics of Paul Ricoeur. In particular, Ricoeur’s notion of developing a second naivete through the blending of ancient and contemporary worlds of meanings can be viewed as the double-scope integration of concepts across disparate conceptual frames. This re-modeling of Ricoeur’s hermeneutics gives it a new level of clarity and precision in cognitive scientific terms, which in turn may be utilized in service of theological and other forms of discourse. Conceptual integration theory also sheds light on other Ricoeur-inspired hermeneutical models and makes a case for the revelatory character of scripture through the meaning-making process of interpretation. The interpretation of the image of God concept in an evolutionary worldview serves as a heuristic example of second naivete as double-scope blending.
Konstruktionspatterns in der Idiomatik und ihre kognitiven Grundlagen
Authors: Dobrovol’skij Dmitrij , Piirainen Elisabeth 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The starting point of this paper is a particular idiom category. It deals with idioms that contain determinative compounds of a special kind. The first element of the compound points to the figurative meaning of the idiom, while the second element is a part of the source concept of the metaphor and thus interacts with the literal meaning. An appropriate apparatus for describing idioms of this category is provided by the Conceptual Blending Theory. It is shown that, apart from metaphorization processes, the blending of mental spaces plays a significant part in bringing about the figurative meaning of the idioms. At the same time, the paper supports the recently discussed hypothesis that phrasemes can be constructed according to certain patterns as recurrent form-meaning pairs. Therefore, the paper contributes to Construction Grammar as well as to Blending Theory and clarifies some aspects of idiom semantics and motivation.
Differential Rates of Perinatal Maturation of Human Primary and Nonprimary Auditory Cortex
Authors: Monson Brian B. , Eaton-Rosen Zach , Kapur Kush , Liebenthal Einat , Brownell Abraham , Smyser Christopher D. , Rogers Cynthia E. , Inder Terrie E. , Warfield Simon K. , Neil Jeffrey J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPrimary and nonprimary cerebral cortex mature along different timescales; however, the differences between the rates of maturation of primary and nonprimary cortex are unclear. Cortical maturation can be measured through changes in tissue microstructure detectable by diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In this study, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was used to characterize the maturation of Heschl’s gyrus (HG), which contains both primary auditory cortex (pAC) and nonprimary auditory cortex (nAC), in 90 preterm infants between 26 and 42 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA). The preterm infants were in different acoustical environments during their hospitalization: 46 in open ward beds and 44 in single rooms. A control group consisted of 15 term-born infants. Diffusion parameters revealed that (1) changes in cortical microstructure that accompany cortical maturation had largely already occurred in pAC by 28 weeks PMA, and (2) rapid changes were taking place in nAC between 26 and 42 weeks PMA. At term equivalent PMA, diffusion parameters for auditory cortex were different between preterm infants and term control infants, reflecting either delayed maturation or injury. No effect of room type was observed. For the preterm group, disturbed maturation of nonprimary (but not primary) auditory cortex was associated with poorer language performance at age two years.
Apropiación social del conocimiento: una aproximación teórica y perspectivas para Colombia
Authors: Pabón Rafael 
Published: January 2018

Objetivo: El estudio tiene como propósito elaborar un marco teórico para la conformación de una escuela de comunicación científica orientada a la formación para la apropiación social del conocimiento.Método: Para su elaboración se ha utilizado una metodología de revisión bibliográfica descriptiva. Se hace un repaso de las raíces teóricas del concepto y sus implicaciones en el fortalecimiento de la innovación y la ciencia como factores indispensable para el desarrollo de los países; de igual forma, busca describir el contexto de aplicación de políticas públicas en Colombia para su consolidación.Resultados: Se ha determinado la relación interdisciplinaria entre psicopedagogía y sociología en la conformación de la idea de apropiación social, además de señalar la inconsistencia de las políticas gubernamentales en el fomento de estrategias de comunicación científica horizontal, aunque se resalta la importancia del cambio de postura en los últimos años.Conclusiones: Para comprender la relación de Colombia y Latinoamérica con la ciencia, la innovación y la tecnología, es necesario tomar a consideración gran cantidad de factores ya sea históricos, culturales, sociales e incluso geográficos. Aunque esta labor pueda resultar titánica, el primer paso para empezar a solventar el problema es señalar la clara realidad de que, en la actualidad, la región presenta aún importantes atrasos en esta materia.
STRATEGI WIRAUSAHAWAN UMKM DAN PELUANG MAHASISWA BERWIRAUSAHA
Authors: Ardiansyah Tedy 
Published: January 2018

Micro, Small and Medium Business activities have a very important role in promoting the economy because this sector has been tested to have resistance to the economic crisis. Micro, Small and Medium Business provides wide employment opportunities that can improve people’s welfare. But the facts above are not as easy as Micro, Small and Medium Business also has some problems, where small businesses often face natural examinations with various difficulties, such as capital constraints, human resources, changing government policies, business locations, competition, technological development, etc,. It is above the same set of money with entrepreneur. Being a successful entrepreneur is not easy to manifest, many things that need to be studied to be able to open the horizon, not only with experience but also must be equipped with expertise, hard work without tenancy will be empty and include resistant to be disturbing temptations in business activity. Surely the above should have tricks or tips so that the goal in entrepreneurship to be successful. The above matter of course has an influence on others that want to certainly advance in entrepreneurship. Students are the embryo that has a good potential for realizing entrepreneurial activities. Successful entrepreneurial tips become the deciding factor of motivating students in entrepreneurship.
Keywords: Entrepreneur, Tips, Entrepreneurship, Micro Small and Medium Business
Colchicine in Neurosurgery
Authors: Drosos Evangelos , Giakoumettis Dimitrios , Themistocleous Marios S. 
Published: January 2018

Background:
Colchicine is an ancient drug. Many uses have been reported in medical books and reports
through the centuries. Currently the understanding of its mechanism of action has opened new horizons to
its use.

Objective:
This article aims to discuss the use of colchicine in various neurosurgical conditions.

Methods:
A pubmed database and clinical trials search was performed, using the key words “colchicine”, “Neurosurgery”,
“low back pain”, “stroke” and glioma”.

Results:
Various reports were found contemplating the use of colchicine in chronic low-back pain. The effect of
the drug on neutrophil chemotaxis and its role as an anti-inflammatory agent has been the main argument upon
which such use of colchicine has been structured. These characteristics have been the key to initiate colchicine as
a preventive agent in vascular conditions. Furthermore, as colchicine is an antimitotic drug, it is currently being
studied as a potential anti-glioma agent. However, the narrow therapeutic index of the drug is a discouraging
factor in clinical application of colchicine in these entities. Therefore, colchicine derivatives that can exert the
same effectiveness in lower doses are being studied, forming a new direction in colchicine use.

Conclusion:
Colchicine is a drug that over the years has shown promising results in certain neurosurgical entities.
Its derivatives or potential colchicine-like agents might have a more significant place in neurosurgical practice.
The Role of Colchicine in the Prevention of Cerebrovascular Ischemia
Authors: Tsivgoulis Georgios , Katsanos Aristeidis H. , Giannopoulos Georgios , Panagopoulou Vasiliki , Jatuzis Dalius , Lemmens Robin , Deftereos Spyridon , Kelly Peter J. 
Published: January 2018

Introduction: Despite the proven efficacy of anti-thrombotic, lipid-lowering, anti-hypertensive therapies
and lifestyle modification changes for secondary ischemic stroke prevention, the risk of recurrent stroke,
coronary events and vascular death remains substantial even for patients treated with high rates of established
secondary preventive medications.

Methods:
In the present review, we summarize available literature data on the association between systemic inflammation
and symptomatic atherosclerosis including recurrent cerebral ischemia. We also highlight the potential
role of colchicine in the suppression of atherosclerosis-induced inflammation, plaque stabilization and thromboembolism
prevention.

Results:
Accumulating evidence suggests that inflammation is of key importance in the pathophysiology of atherosclerotic
plaque de-stabilization and thromboembolism, with inflammatory cells being involved in all stages of
atherosclerosis development. Therefore, anti-inflammatory therapies targeting the atherosclerotic plaque inflammation
may be important contributors in plaque stabilization and in the prevention of thromboembolic events.
Colchicine is known to have multiple anti-inflammatory properties including inhibition of microtubule polymerization,
leading to reduced secretion in monocyte-macrophages. Currently the randomized controlled CONVINCE
trial is enrolling stroke patients to evaluate the effect of a daily low-dose of colchicine in reducing the rate of
recurrent stroke and major vascular events.

Conclusion:
Inflammatory pathways seem to be key mediators in the development of atherosclerotic process,
atheromatous plaque destabilization and thromboembolism. Colchicine as a novel therapeutic agent could be a
safe and effective inhibitor of the inflammation cascade in patients with extra- or intracranial atherosclerosis or
arteriolosclerosis, resulting in reduced vascular events.
The Role of Colchicine in Pericardial Syndromes
Authors: Lazaros George , Imazio Massimo , Brucato Antonio , Vlachopoulos Charalambos , Lazarou Emilia , Vassilopoulos Dimitrios , Tousoulis Dimitris 
Published: January 2018

Background:
Colchicine is an old drug originally employed for the treatment of inflammatory disorders
such as acute gout and familiar Mediterranean fever.

Methods:
In the past few decades, colchicine has been at the forefront of the pharmacotherapy of several cardiac
diseases, including acute and recurrent pericarditis, coronary artery disease, prevention of atrial fibrillation and
heart failure. In this review, we have summarized the current evidence based medicine and guidelines recommendations
in the specific context of pericardial syndromes.

Results:
Colchicine has been firstly engaged in the treatment of recurrent pericarditis of viral, idiopathic and
autoimmune origin. Shortly thereafter colchicine use has been expanded to the primary prevention of recurrences
in patients with a first episode of pericarditis depicting similarly good results. The acquisition of high quality
scientific data in the course of time from prospective randomized placebo-controlled trials and metanalyses have
established colchicine as first line treatment option in acute and recurrent pericarditis, on top of the conventional
treatment. The only concerns related to the use of colchicine are the side effects (mainly gastrointestinal intolerance)
which although generally not serious, may account for treatment withdrawal in some cases.

Conclusion:
Colchicine has been established as a first line medication in the treatment of acute (first episode) and
recurrent pericarditis on top of the conventional treatment as well as for the prevention of postpericardiotomy
syndrome. It depicts a good safety profile with gastrointestinal intolerance being the most common side effect.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of New Azole Derivatives as Potent Aromatase Inhibitors with Potential Effects against Breast Cancer
Authors: Kalalinia Fatemeh , Jouya Mohammad , Komachali Alireza K. , Aboutourabzadeh Seyed M. , Karimi Gholamreza , Behravan Javad , Abnous Khalil , Etemad Leila , Kamali Hossein , Hadizadeh Farzin 
Published: January 2018

Purpose: Some aromatase inhibitors are FDA-approved agents as first-line therapy in the treatment of
endocrine-responsive breast cancer. In this study, we aimed to develop new azole derivatives with higher specificity
and potency.

Methods:
New aromatase inhibitors were designed by Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) software and
synthesized in a one-step SN2 reaction. These compounds were characterized by melting point, 1H- and 13CNMR,
elemental analysis and mass spectra. The in vitro and in vivo aromatase inhibition of these compounds
was evaluated using the Estrone ELISA assay, and by measuring the inhibition of androstenedione-induced
uterine hypertrophy. The selectivity of aromatase inhibition was investigated by the inhibition of ACTH stimulation
on the plasma concentrations of aldosterone and cortisol.

Results:
Docking simulations showed that four new azole derivatives could efficiently interact with enzyme
active sites. The in vitro aromatase-inhibition assay showed that the compounds 1,3,5-tris(imidazol-1-
ylmethyl)benzene (3b) and 1,3-Bis(imidazole-1- ylmethyl) benzene (3d) effectively inhibited aromatase, with
IC50 values of 0.2 nM and 6.8 nM, respectively; these values were similar to known aromatase inhibitor letrozole
(IC50 0.3 nM). The in vivo aromatase-inhibitory potency of compound 3b was similar to letrozole, although
compound 3b acted more selectively.

Conclusion:
This report introduced a new compound that can be considered as a new lead for further investigation
to explore more-potent and more-selective aromatase inhibitors.
The usefulness of cone-beam computed tomography gray values for alveolar bone linear measurements
Authors: Padala Soumya , Tee Boon Ching , Beck Frank M. , Elias Kathy , Kim Do-Gyoon , Sun Zongyang 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
To test a proof-of-concept that the accuracy and reliability of alveolar bone height measurements from orthodontic grade (large field-of-view [FOV], large voxel-size) cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images may be improved by using pixel gray values.

Materials and Methods:
Twenty fresh cadaver pig heads underwent CBCT scans (17 × 23 cm FOV, 0.4-mm voxel size). Buccal alveolar bone heights of maxillary first molars were measured using the conventional vision-based (VB) and the proposed gray value–assisted (GVA) methods. The GVA methods entailed localization of landmarks through observation of gray value pattern changes across tissue boundaries followed by mathematical calculation of distances between landmark pixels. Interrater reliability and accuracy of CBCT measurements made by all methods were statistically analyzed by comparing with physical measurements (gold standards).

Results:
The interrater reliability of CBCT measurements made by GVA methods was comparable to physical measurements but higher than those made by the VB method. The GVA (bend-down pattern) method yielded average measurements similar to physical measurements, while those obtained by the VB and the GVA (straight pattern) methods were significantly larger (repeated measures analysis of variance, P &lt; .001). The GVA (bend-down pattern) method also produced significantly more measurements within one voxel size of physical measurements than did the VB and GVA (straight pattern) methods (Chi-square tests, P &lt; .017).

Conclusions:
These data confirm a concept that local gray value change patterns may be used to improve the accuracy and reliability of alveolar bone height measurement from large FOV and large voxel-size CBCT images.
The cervical vertebral maturation method: A user's guide
Authors: McNamara James A. , Franchi Lorenzo 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT
The cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method is used to determine the craniofacial skeletal maturational stage of an individual at a specific time point during the growth process. This diagnostic approach uses data derived from the second (C2), third (C3), and fourth (C4) cervical vertebrae, as visualized in a two-dimensional lateral cephalogram. Six maturational stages of those three cervical vertebrae can be determined, based on the morphology of their bodies. The first step is to evaluate the inferior border of these vertebral bodies, determining whether they are flat or concave (ie, presence of a visible notch). The second step in the analysis is to evaluate the shape of C3 and C4. These vertebral bodies change in shape in a typical sequence, progressing from trapezoidal to rectangular horizontal, to square, and to rectangular vertical. Typically, cervical stages (CSs) 1 and CS 2 are considered prepubertal, CS 3 and CS 4 circumpubertal, and CS 5 and CS 6 postpubertal. Criticism has been rendered as to the reproducibility of the CVM method. Diminished reliability may be observed at least in part due to the lack of a definitive description of the staging procedure in the literature. Based on the now nearly 20 years of experience in staging cervical vertebrae, this article was prepared as a “user's guide” that describes the CVM stages in detail in attempt to help the reader use this approach in everyday clinical practice.
Clinical profile of patients with heart failure can predict rehospitalization and quality of life
Authors: Di Mauro Michele , Petroni Renata , Clemente Daniela , Foschi Massimiliano , Tancredi Fabrizio , Camponetti Virginia , Gallina Sabina , Calafiore Antonio M. , Penco Maria , Romano Silvio 
Published: January 2018

Background
The aim of this retrospective study was to identify clinical, humoral and echocardiographic variables predicting rehospitalization and poor quality of life (QOL) in patients with reduced or mid-range ejection fraction heart failure.

Methods
From 2009 to 2012, 310 patients were admitted having signs and symptoms of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. All the patients were followed by phone, calling the patients or the referring general practitioner. The Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ) was used as the instrument to evaluate QOL: MLHFQ less than 24 is a good QOL, 24–45 is moderate QOL and more than 45 is poor QOL. The primary event was poor QOL and/or rehospitalization at 4 years.

Results
Seventy-nine patients died at median time of 21 months; 4-year survival was 72 ± 3%. Rehospitalization due to heart failure was recorded in 60 cases. Among 231 survivors, MLHFQ score was good in 99 (42%), moderate in 50 (21%) and poor in 88 (37%). Four-year freedom from death, poor QOL or rehospitalization was 51 ± 3%. Multivariable analysis identified the following risk factors: heart rate at discharge at least 70 bpm, ischemic heart disease, atrial fibrillation, hypercholesterolemia, chronic pulmonary disease, N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide at discharge, severe tricuspid regurgitation and mitral regurgitation more than moderate.

Conclusion
Clinical, laboratory and echocardiographic profile is crucial to predict long-term QOL of patients admitted for heart failure.
A Preclinical Course to Develop Clinical Reasoning Skills of First-year Medical Students
Authors: Johns Alan , Christensen Raymond 
Published: January 2018

Background and Objectives: Clinical reasoning is developed sometime during medical school training. When and how this knowledge is attained is less clear. This study looks at clinical reasoning development after initiation of a rural experiential course for first-year medical students at the University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth (regional) Campus.
Methods: The Rural Medical Scholars Program course (RMSP) was developed to create a longitudinal rural family medicine experience for first and second-year students at the University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth. Sixty-three first year medical students participated in this required course and their clinical reasoning levels were measured using the Diagnostic Thinking Inventory (DTI). The DTI was given to the medical students after one year of participation in the RMSP course. A previous cohort before the RMSP course was developed was used as a control. A literature search was used for comparison to other schools that measured the DTI in their students.
Results: Student diagnostic thinking performance as measured by the DTI after one year of the Rural Medical Scholars Program course significantly increased when compared to a previous cohort of first-year students who did not take the RMSP course. When compared to previously published DTI data, students after one year of RMSP had clinical reasoning levels of second through fourth-year students from other schools.
Conclusions: The addition of a rural experiential course with family medicine preceptors significantly increased clinical reasoning levels of first-year medical students.

Financial support: None
Conflicts of Interests: No conflicts to report
Optimal Cutoff Values of Allergen-specific Immunoglobulin E to House Dust Mites and Animal Dander Based on Skin-prick Test Results: Analysis in 16,209 Patients with Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Hong Sang Duk , Ryu Gwanghui , Seo Min Young , Jeong Jong In , Kim Hyo Yeol , Chung Seung-Kyu , Dhong Hun-Jong 
Published: January 2018

Background The most common tests for allergen sensitization in patients with allergic rhinitis are the skin-prick test (SPT) and an in vitro test to detect serum specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE). However, in vitro allergen test results were interpreted dichotomically as positive or negative at a threshold of 0.35 kU/L of sIgE, regardless of the patient characteristics or antigen types. Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the cutoff value for sIgE in house-dust mites and animal dander, and to analyze differences in cutoff value according to age and gender. Methods A total of 16,209 patients with more than one allergic rhinitis symptom who underwent both SPT and serum sIgE testing were retrospectively evaluated between March 2008 and May 2012. There were 9374 male (57.8%) and 6835 female (42.2%) patients. The mean age was 31.8 years (range, 2–89 years). The criterion standard for allergen sensitization was defined as a wheal of >3 mm or an allergen-to-histamine ratio of ≥1 in SPT results. The Youden index was used to calculate the cutoff value of sIgE. Results Cutoff values of sIgE for Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae, cat, and dog were 0.69, 1.16, 0.13, and 0.45 kU/L, respectively. The cutoff value of sIgE changed according to age for D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae but not for cat and dog allergens. When categorizing according to age group, the cutoffvalues ofsIgE for D. pteronyssinus and D. farinae had a tendency to decrease with age. There was no significant difference in cutoffvalue according to gender. Conclusion The cutoffvalue for sIgE differed for each antigen and changed with age. Physicians should select the proper cutoffvalue for sIgE for appropriate criteria according to antigen and patient age rather than using a uniform cutoffvalue.