bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2‐(Arylamino)aryliminophosphoranes from 2‐nitrodiarylamines
Authors: Łukasik Emilia , Wróbel Zbigniew 
Published: September 2016

AbstractDeoxygenation of 2‐nitrodiarylamines by triphenylphosphine is presented as an efficient method for synthesis of 2‐(arylamino)aryliminophosphoranes, useful as starting materials in the synthesis of benzannulated nitrogen heterocycles. The reaction is complementary for the known synthesis of aryliminophosphoranes from 2‐nitrosodiarylamines giving rise to obtain the title products in the broader scope. The presented protocol is simple and efficient although limited to secondary 2‐nitrodiarylamines.
The Pharmacologic and Clinical Effects of Illicit Synthetic Cannabinoids
Authors: White C. Michael 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis article presents information on illicitly used synthetic cannabinoids. Synthetic cannabinoids are structurally heterogeneous and commonly used drugs of abuse that act as full agonists of the cannabinoid type‐1 receptor but have a variety of additional pharmacologic effects. There are numerous cases of patient harm and death in the United States, Europe, and Australia with many psychological, neurological, cardiovascular, pulmonary, and renal adverse events. Although most users prefer using cannabis, there are convenience, legal, and cost reasons driving the utilization of synthetic cannabinoids. Clinicians should be aware of pharmacologic and clinical similarities and differences between synthetic cannabinoid and cannabis use, the limited ability to detect synthetic cannabinoids in the urine or serum, and guidance to treat adverse events.
Small and large scale site diversity experiment at Ka‐band in the south of France
Authors: Boulanger Xavier , Lacoste Frédéric , Castanet Laurent 
Published: September 2016

SummarySince April 2011, ONERA has been operating in Toulouse, France, a beacon receiver able to receive the 20.199 GHz beacon signal of ASTRA 3B. From June 2013 to December 2013, ONERA and CNES successively deployed in the South of France four more beacon receivers in order to characterize the space‐time behaviour of the propagation channel at Ka‐band. This Site Diversity configuration is of great interest for the development of future high data rate satellite services as it efficiently mitigates severe tropospheric propagation impairments, in particular rain attenuation which is the major issue. The ONERA‐CNES Ka‐band site diversity experiment consists of three beacon receivers deployed in the area of Toulouse with site separation between 16 and 26 km, and two additional beacon receivers at 140 km and 300 km from Toulouse. This paper aims at providing a complete description of the experimental set‐up and the statistical results of the campaign from July 2013 to December 2014. The Complementary Cumulative Distribution Functions (CCDF) of rain attenuation on each site and the Joint Distributions for several pairs of radio links are illustrated. Some comparisons of the measured Diversity Gain with two state‐of‐the‐art prediction models are also presented. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of increasing lifespan and recycling rate on carbon storage in wood products from theoretical model to application for the European wood sector
Authors: Brunet-Navarro Pau , Jochheim Hubert , Muys Bart 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The use of wood products is often promoted as a climate change mitigation option to reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. In previous literature, we identified longevity and recycling rate as two determining factors that influence the carbon stock in wood products, but no studies have predicted the effect of improved wood use on carbon storage over time. In this study, we aimed at evaluating changes in the lifespan and the recycling rate as two options for enhancing carbon stock in wood products for different time horizons. We first explored the behaviour over time of both factors in a theoretical simulation, and then calculated their effect for the European wood sector of the future. The theoretical simulation shows that the carbon stock in wood products increases linearly when increasing the average lifespan of wood products and exponentially when improving the recycling rate. The emissions savings under the current use of wood products in Europe in 2030 were estimated at 57.65 Mt carbon dioxide (CO2) per year. This amount could be increased 5 Mt CO2 if average lifespan increased 19.54 % or if recycling rate increased 20.92 % in 2017. However, the combination of both strategies could increase the emissions saving almost 5 Mt CO2 more by 2030. Incrementing recycling rate of paper and paperboard is the best short-term strategy (2030) to reduce emissions, but elongating average lifespan of wood-based panels is a better strategy for longer term periods (2046).
Pre-operative chemoradiotherapy using capecitabine and cetuximab followed by definitive surgery in patients with operable rectal cancer
Authors: Bazarbashi Shouki , Omar Ayman , Aljubran Ali , Alzahrani Ahmad , Alsanea Nasser , Abduljabbar Alaa , Alhomoud Samar , Ashari Luai , Balaraj Khalid , Soudy Hussein , Neimatallah Mohammad , Fagih Musa 
Published: September 2016

Background:
Achieving a high rate of complete pathological response with pre-operative chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer is an unmet need. We evaluated the efficacy and toxicity of the combination of cetuximab, capecitabine and radiation therapy in the pre-operative setting of localized rectal cancer.

Patients and methods:
Patients with clinically staged T3, T4 or nodepositive rectal cancer were treated with concurrent capecitabine and radiotherapy with weekly cetuximab starting one week before the start of radiation. This was followed by total mesorectal excision within 6-8 weeks. All patients achieving R0 resection received adjuvant capecitabine for 6 cycles.

Results:
Fifteen patients were treated and all underwent surgery. Sphincter preservation was achieved in 11 patients (73.3%) and pathological complete response in two. With a median follow up of 48 months (range 8.4-57.5), 12 patients were relapse-free and 14 were alive with 4-year relapse free survival of 80%. Overall survival was 93%. Significant grade 3 and 4 toxicity was mainly cetuximab-induced skin reactions (33%), radiation-induced skin toxicity (13%) and diarrhea (20%).

Conclusions:
Adding cetuximab to pre-operative concurrent capecitabine and radiotherapy provides modest efficacy with manageable toxicity.
Long RP interval tachycardia. What is the mechanism?
Authors: Jiménez‐Díaz Javier , González‐Marín María‐Arantzazu , González‐Ferrer Juan J. , Higuera‐Sobrino Felipe 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA 41‐year‐old man with a history of tachycardia refractory to multiple antiarrhythmic drugs was sent to our institution. His 12‐lead electrocardiogram demonstrated incessant narrow QRS complex tachycardia with negative P waves in the inferior leads and long RP interval. Occasionally, the tachycardia terminated after a P wave and then was restarted after a sinusal beat. An EP study was performed during tachycardia. Intracardiac electrograms during tachycardia and response to pacing maneuvers are shown. What is the tachycardia mechanism?
Successful pacemaker lead extraction involving an ossified thrombus: A case report
Authors: Okamura Hideo , Van Arnam John S. , Aubry Marie Christine , Friedman Paul A. , Cha Yong‐Mei 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA 41‐year‐old woman who had been fitted with a pacemaker 18 years prior presented for lead extraction because of device infection. First, we tried laser sheath. However, it cannot cross the binding in the innominate vein. Then we switched to the rotating mechanical sheath. Although it crunched through binding tissue, the progress halted. We removed the sheath and found pieces of calcified tissue in the sheath lumen. After removing the calcified tissue, both leads were extracted using the laser sheath, without complications. The pathological examination revealed a diagnosis of ossified thrombus. Venous thromboses associated with implanted leads can ossify with time, causing difficulties in the extraction of long‐standing intravascular leads.
Relationship between right and left ventricular function in candidates for implantable cardioverter defibrillator with low left ventricular ejection fraction
Authors: Jimenez‐Juan Laura , Karur Gauri R. , Connelly Kim A. , Deva Djeven , Yan Raymond T. , Wald Rachel M. , Singh Sheldon , Leung General , Oikonomou Anastasia , Dorian Paul , Angaran Paul , Yan Andrew T. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundIndications for the primary prevention of sudden death using an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) are based predominantly on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). However, right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) is also a known prognostic factor in a variety of structural heart diseases that predispose to sudden cardiac death. We sought to investigate the relationship between right and left ventricular parameters (function and volume) measured by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) among a broad spectrum of patients considered for an ICD.MethodsIn this retrospective, single tertiary‐care center study, consecutive patients considered for ICD implantation who were referred for LVEF assessment by CMR were included. Right and left ventricular function and volumes were measured.ResultsIn total, 102 patients (age 62±14 years; 23% women) had a mean LVEF of 28±11% and RVEF of 44±12%. The left ventricular and right ventricular end diastolic volume index was 140±42 mL/m2 and 81±27 mL/m2, respectively. Eighty‐six (84%) patients had a LVEF <35%, and 63 (62%) patients had right ventricular systolic dysfunction. Although there was a significant and moderate correlation between LVEF and RVEF (r=0.40, p<0.001), 32 of 86 patients (37%) with LVEF <35% had preserved RVEF, while 9 of 16 patients (56%) with LVEF ≥35% had right ventricular systolic dysfunction (Kappa=0.041).ConclusionsAmong patients being considered for an ICD, there is a positive but moderate correlation between LVEF and RVEF. A considerable proportion of patients who qualify for an ICD based on low LVEF have preserved RVEF, and vice versa.
The prevalence and risk factors of visual impairment among the elderly in Eastern Taiwan
Authors: Wang Wen‐Li , Chen Nancy , Sheu Min‐Muh , Wang Jen‐Hung , Hsu Wen‐Lin , Hu Yih‐Jin 
Published: September 2016

AbstractVisual impairment is associated with disability and poor quality of life. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and associated risk factors of visual impairment among the suburban elderly in Eastern Taiwan. The cross‐sectional research was conducted from April 2012 to August 2012. The ocular condition examination took place in suburban areas of Hualien County. Medical records from local infirmaries and questionnaires were utilized to collect demographic data and systemic disease status. Logistic regression models were used for the simultaneous analysis of the association between the prevalence of visual impairment and risk factors. Six hundred and eighty‐one residents participated in this project. The mean age of the participants was 71.4 ± 7.3 years. The prevalence of vision impairment (better eye < 6/18) was 11.0%. Refractive error and cataract were the main causes of vision impairment. Logistic regression analysis showed that people aged 65–75 years had a 3.8 times higher risk of developing visual impairment (p = 0.021), while the odds ratio of people aged > 75 years was 10.0 (p < 0.001). In addition, patients with diabetic retinopathy had a 3.7 times higher risk of developing visual impairment (p = 0.002), while the odds ratio of refractive error was 0.36 (p < 0.001). The prevalence of visual impairment was relatively high compared with previous studies. Diabetic retinopathy was an important risk factor of visual impairment; by contrast, refractive error was beneficial to resist visual impairment. Therefore, regular screening of ocular condition and early intervention might aid in the prevention of avoidable vision loss.
Desigualdad y marginación en Chiapas
Authors: Aguilar Ortega Teodoro 
Published: September 2016

Históricamente, la pobreza en México se ha concentrado en algunas entidades, sobre todo en aquellas que conforman la región Sur Sureste del país. Tal es el caso de Chiapas, estado que registra elevados índices de pobreza y marginación, lo que ha derivado en tasas de analfabetismo y desnutrición infantil muy por encima del promedio nacional. En los últimos cuatro años, la pobreza se ha agudizado debido a las políticasneoliberales que han provocado un estancamiento sostenido de la economía nacional y con terribles consecuencias en el estado de bienestar de los mexicanos. En ese sentido, Chiapas ha quedado rezagada en cuanto a desarrollo económico. El objetivo de este trabajo es hacer un recuento sobre este aumento de la pobreza en dicho estado a partir de 1990, y revisar sus efectos en las familias chiapanecas, en especial apartir de los indicadores educativos, de salud y nutrición.
Valuing Indigenous Knowledge in the Highlands of Papua New Guinea: A Model for Agricultural and Environmental Education
Authors: Radcliffe Chris , Parissi Cesidio , Raman Anantanarayanan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractCurrent methods of agricultural and environmental education for indigenous farmers in Papua New Guinea (PNG) fail to provide high level engagement. Indigenous knowledge (IK) forms the basis of natural resource management, agriculture and health of farmers in PNG, yet its value to agricultural and environmental education in PNG is rarely recognised. The argument made in this article is that valuing indigenous knowledge will enhance agricultural and environmental education. The purpose of this empirical study was to assess the application of a knowledge management model in understanding indigenous knowledge to enhance agricultural and environmental education. This article focuses on agricultural and environmental indigenous knowledge and culture in two villages in the Western Highlands of PNG. Participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and apprentice observations were methods to collect data from small-scale indigenous farmers. The study found that as farmers shift to cash crops, IK is devalued against Western knowledge. The study also found that trust, culture, and social barriers limit sharing of knowledge. The article concludes with recommendations for future agricultural and environmental education in the PNG highlands.
From Accommodation to Substantive Equality: Muslim Personal Law, Secular Law, and the Indian Constitution 1985–2015
Authors: DUTTA Sagnik 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe adjudication of religious personal laws of minority communities in India has been a domain of contestation between competing claims of cultural autonomy, gender justice, and individual rights. The Supreme Court of India has time and again been confronted with the conflict between the secular law and legislation that protects group rights of minorities. While the existing literature has taken note of the attempts by the Indian state and the judiciary at legal-pluralist interventions to secure gender justice within the framework of personal laws based on religion, there has not been a sustained analysis of the discursive construction of constitutional law in dynamic interaction with the secular law and tenets of religion. This paper attempts to address this important gap in the scholarship using a discourse analysis of the judgments of the Supreme Court of India from 1985 until 2015 pertaining to post-divorce maintenance for Muslim women. I examine how the “rights” of Muslim women are framed in a realm of dynamic interaction between legislation premised on community identity, notions of constitutionalism, and personal laws based on religion to argue that the state adopts an interventionist role in a legal-pluralist paradigm; it further uses the specificity of community identity to foreground a vision of social justice.
Melt pond distribution and geometry in high Arctic sea ice derived from aerial investigations
Authors: Huang W. , Lu P. , Lei R. , Xie H. , Li Z. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTAerial photography was conducted in the high Arctic Ocean during a Chinese research expedition in summer 2010. By partitioning the images into three distinct surface categories (sea ice/snow, water and melt ponds), the areal fraction of each category, ice concentration and the size and geometry of individual melt ponds, are determined with high-spatial resolution. The ice concentration and melt pond coverage have large spatial deviations between flights and even between images from the marginal ice zone to the pack ice zone in the central Arctic. Ice concentration and pond coverage over high Arctic (from 84°N to north) was ~75% and ~6.8%, respectively, providing ‘ground truth’ for the unusual transpolar reduction strip of ice indicated concurrently by AMSR-E data and for the regions (north of 88°N) where no passive microwave sensors can cover. Melt pond size and shape distributions are examined in terms of pond area (S), perimeter (P), mean caliper dimension (MCD) (L), roundness (R), convex degree (C), the ratio of P/S and fractal dimension (D). Power-law relationships are developed between pond size and number. Some general trends in geometric metrics are identified as a function of pond area including R, C, P/S and D. The scale separation of pond complexity is demonstrated by analyzing area-perimeter data. The results will potentially help the modelling of melt pond evolution and the determination of heterogeneity of under-ice transmitted light fields.
Hölder continuity of Oseledets splittings for semi-invertible operator cocycles
Authors: DRAGIČEVIĆ DAVOR , FROYLAND GARY 
Published: September 2016

For Hölder continuous cocycles over an invertible, Lipschitz base, we establish the Hölder continuity of Oseledets subspaces on compact sets of arbitrarily large measure. This extends a result of Araújo et al [On Hölder-continuity of Oseledets subspaces J. Lond. Math. Soc.93 (2016) 194–218] by considering possibly non-invertible cocycles, which, in addition, may take values in the space of compact operators on a Hilbert space. As a by-product of our work, we also show that a non-invertible cocycle with non-vanishing Lyapunov exponents exhibits non-uniformly hyperbolic behaviour (in the sense of Pesin) on a set of full measure.
Hegel and Marx on Individuality and the Universal Good
Authors: Baumann Charlotte 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPicking up on Marx’s and Hegel’s analyses of human beings as social and individual, the article shows that what is at stake is not merely the possibility of individuality, but also the correct conception of the universal good. Both Marx and Hegel suppose that individuals must be social or politicalas individuals, which means, at least in Hegel’s case, that particular interests must form part of the universal good. The good and the rational is not something that requires sacrificing one’s interests for the community or denying one’s particular character so as to become an equal rational agent. Very much to the contrary, the rational or the common good is nothing but the harmonious structuring of particular interests. While Section I introduces Marx’s and Hegel’s conceptions of individual and social beings, Sections II and III discuss their respective views of individuality, and Sections IV and V discuss the notion of a universal good containing individual interests.
CLABSI Risk Factors in the NICU: Potential for Prevention: A PICNIC Study
Authors: Dahan Maya , O’Donnell Shauna , Hebert Julie , Gonzales Milagros , Lee Bonita , Chandran A. Uma , Woolsey Samantha , Escoredo Sandra , Chinnery Heather , Quach Caroline 
Published: September 2016

OBJECTIVECentral-line–associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates. We aimed to determine whether intra-abdominal pathologies are an independent risk factor for CLABSI.METHODSWe performed a retrospective matched case–control study of infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) of the Montreal Children’s Hospital (Montreal) and the Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Canada. CLABSI cases that occurred between April 2009 and March 2014 were identified through local infection control databases. For each case, up to 3 controls were matched (National Healthcare Safety Network [NHSN] birth weight category, chronological age, and central venous catheter (CVC) dwell time at the time of CLABSI onset). Data were analyzed using conditional logistic regression.RESULTSWe identified 120 cases and 293 controls. According to a matched univariate analysis, the following variables were significant risk factors for CLABSI: active intra-abdominal pathology (odds ratio [OR], 3.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.8–6.4), abdominal surgery in the prior 7 days (OR, 3.5; 95% CI, 1.0–10.9); male sex (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1–2.6) and ≥3 heel punctures (OR, 4.0; 95% CI, 1.9–8.3). According to a multivariate matched analysis, intra-abdominal pathology (OR, 5.9; 95% CI, 2.5–14.1), and ≥3 heel punctures (OR, 5.4; 95% CI, 2.4–12.2) remained independent risk factors for CLABSI.CONCLUSIONThe presence of an active intra-abdominal pathology increased the risk of CLABSI by almost 6-fold. Similar to CLABSI in oncology patients, a subgroup of CLABSI with mucosal barrier injury should be considered for infants in the NICU with active intra-abdominal pathology.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;1446–1452
Continuously forced transient growth in oblique breakdown for supersonic boundary layers
Authors: Laible Andreas C. , Fasel H. F. 
Published: September 2016

The early nonlinear transition process initiated by a small-amplitude pair of oblique waves is studied using both temporal numerical simulation and theoretical considerations. This investigation is performed under the flow conditions of the experiments by Corke et al. (AIAA J., vol. 40, 2002, pp. 1015–1018) who investigated a sharp $7^{\circ }$ cone in the NASA Mach 3.5 Quiet Tunnel. In particular, both the linear and the nonlinear mechanisms prior to transition onset are investigated in great detail as the physics of this regime predetermine the flow topology of the nonlinear transition zone. The objective of this study is (i) to advance the understanding of the underlying physical mechanisms relevant for the early nonlinear transition regime of oblique breakdown and (ii) to make the connection to oblique transition, the incompressible scenario for bypass transition investigated by Schmid & Henningson (Phys. Fluids A, vol. 4, 1992, pp. 1986–1989). The dominance of the longitudinal vortex mode in oblique breakdown is shown to be a consequence of a constantly forced transient growth instability. In particular, the primary pair of oblique waves serves as an ‘actuator’ that is permanently introducing disturbances into the longitudinal mode where these disturbances exhibit transient growth. The effect of the transient growth instability on the longitudinal mode is to raise its amplitude rather than change the growth rate of this mode.
Elliptic instability of a curved Batchelor vortex
Authors: Blanco-Rodríguez Francisco J. , Le Dizès Stéphane 
Published: September 2016

The occurrence of the elliptic instability in rings and helical vortices is analysed theoretically. The framework developed by Moore & Saffman (Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A, vol. 346, 1975, pp. 413–425), where the elliptic instability is interpreted as a resonance of two Kelvin modes with a strained induced correction, is used to obtain the general stability properties of a curved and strained Batchelor vortex. Explicit expressions for the characteristics of the three main unstable modes are obtained as a function of the axial flow parameter of the Batchelor vortex. We show that vortex curvature adds a contribution to the elliptic instability growth rate. The results are applied to a single vortex ring, an array of alternate vortex rings and a double helical vortex.