bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medidas de desempenho logístico: um levantamento nas empresas de grande porte dos estados do Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais e Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Zon Carolina Souza , Chaves Gisele De Lorena Diniz , Ferreira Karine Araujo 
Published: January 2018

O propósito deste artigo foi investigar e analisar a aplicação prática dos sistemas e medidas de desempenho adotados pelas indústrias de grande porte dos estados do Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais e Rio de Janeiro. Para isso, o modelo World Class Logistics (WCL) foi utilizado como base. Uma pesquisa de levantamento survey foi conduzida em 29 empresas do setor industrial de grande porte. Os resultados permitiram, além de maior discussão sobre o tema, a identificação da utilização de medidas de desempenho para avaliar a logística nas empresas investigadas, e a verificação das hipóteses formuladas nesta pesquisa. Dentre os principais resultados obtidos, foi possível verificar que, em diferentes proporções, as empresas pesquisadas utilizam tanto medidas financeiras, quanto não financeiras, para avaliar a logística. Porém, nem todas as empresas de grande porte utilizam medidas de desempenho para avaliar a atividade logística em todas as dimensões do WCL. Adicionalmente, por contribuir na análise e indicação de medidas mais utilizadas, este trabalho pode fornecer melhor compreensão e entendimento para outras empresas na avaliação de suas atividades logísticas.
Melhoria da qualidade do serviço logístico: aplicação de um método voltado à redução de devoluções em uma distribuidora de derivados de petróleo
Authors: Beltrão Aline Maria , Martins Vitor Willian Batista 
Published: January 2018

O mercado está se tornando cada vez mais competitivo, fazendo com que as empresas busquem vantagens que as auxiliem a alcançar satisfação e fidelização de seus clientes. Em empresas que atuam com distribuição, um dos problemas que influenciam tais objetivos é a devolução de mercadorias que, muitas vezes, acontece por causas relacionadas ao desempenho dos processos logísticos. Portanto, verifica-se a necessidade de melhorar a qualidade destes serviços, de forma a reduzir não-conformidades e aumentar a confiabilidade. Neste sentido, este trabalho objetivou a aplicação de um método voltado à melhoria na qualidade dos serviços logísticos e redução de desperdícios em uma distribuidora de derivados de petróleo, localizada no município de Belém-PA. A aplicação do método gerou o diagnóstico do processo obtendo o componente informação com principal índice de devolução, porém a causa raiz emergencial de o “ não possui um sistema de qualidade rígido para inspeção de vasilhames não conformes” surgiu do componente logístico instalação, assim foram criado metas a serem alcançadas como: criação de indicadores de desempenho e treinamentos dos revendedores para buscar a solução/mitigação do problema principal.
« Y être, c’est (encore) en être » : déclassement social et aspirations nobiliaires parmi les familles maintenues en noblesse en France sous la Restauration
Authors: Goujon Bertrand 
Published: January 2018

En remettant en vigueur la procédure de maintenue en noblesse, la Restauration offre à des familles qui étaient encore aux portes du « Second Ordre » une officialisation de leur statut nobiliaire. Parmi les 111 familles qui ont ainsi été confirmées dans leur noblesse et les 34 qui ont été anoblies après avoir demandé des lettres recognitives, une vingtaine n’en est pas moins engagée dans un processus de déclassement socio-économique qui s’est parfois amorcé dès la fin de l’Ancien Régime. Il s’agit ici de réinterroger les mécanismes, les formes et les enjeux de la fragilisation socio-économique dans les marges de la nébuleuse nobiliaire à la charnière des xviii	e  et xix	e siècles, mais aussi de saisir l’instrumentalisation qui a pu en être faite – le déclassement, érigé en sacrifice consenti à la cause des Bourbons, devenant un argument pour solliciter secours, postes et honneurs compensatoires. Se donne également à voir la persistance d’un préjugé nobiliaire toujours vivace dans la société française, bien qu’il faille distinguer le caractère symbolique de cette réagrégation nobiliaire des profits effectifs qui ont pu en être tirés, à court comme à moyen terme, par ses bénéficiaires, lesquels restent conditionnés par la capacité de ces derniers à saisir les opportunités patrimoniales, matrimoniales, professionnelles, notabiliaires et/ou mondaines susceptibles de pérenniser leur maintien dans les groupes élitaires.
Le PCF et le gauchisme. Acte I. La rencontre (1963-1968)
Authors: Buton Philippe 
Published: January 2018

Aujourd’hui, les ressemblances entre communisme orthodoxe et dissidences radicales paraissent clairement l’emporter sur leurs dissemblances. Au cours des années 1968, le tableau était nettement différent. L’analyse des archives de la direction du PCF montre que, si le gauchisme n’est qu’une de ses préoccupations marginales jusqu’à la fin de l’année 1967, celle-ci prend de nombreuses mesures contre l’extrême gauche. Mais, malgré cette hostilité permanente, en développant tout un discours révolutionnaire, en rajeunissant et en internationalisant sa pratique politique, cette extrême gauche rencontre un certain succès, et organise près de deux mille jeunes militants à la veille des événements de 1968. Alors qu’à la fin de l’année 1967, la direction du PCF pensait avoir réussi à éliminer les dissidences gauchistes, au printemps 1968, la situation s’emballe et elle déclare désormais que la lutte contre le gauchisme devient prioritaire (30 avril 1968). À l’issue du printemps 1968, trois options s’offrent à la gauche française. Celle de l’impatience révolutionnaire (option des maoïstes et des successeurs de la JCR trotskyste), celle de l’abnégation patiente (option du Parti socialiste et, à l’extrême gauche, des autres groupes trotskystes) et, enfin, celle du PCF misant sur une Union de la gauche cimentée par un programme commun. À l’automne 1968, toutes les cartes du jeu politique n’ont pas été encore distribuées.
Recevoir les protestations, les refus, les contestations des jeunes des quartiers populaires urbains, pour les accueillir au monde et renouveler la démocratie
Authors: Bordet Joëlle 
Published: January 2018

Cet article a pour sujet les modes de contestations des jeunes des quartiers populaires en France et l’analyse de leurs significations dans une perspective de renouvellement démocratique. Par la définition de trois idéal-types, je montre à la fois les grandes différences entre ces modes de contestation et leurs expressions et la nécessité qu’il y a à les recevoir tous pour renouveler la démocratie et créer des conflictualités créatrices, sources d’inventions collectives. Le lien établi avec la réflexion concernant « l’ordre mobile » proposé par M me de Mijolla-Mellor permet d’inscrire ces analyses spécifiques aux jeunes des quartiers populaires urbains dans une proposition plus globale s’adressant à l’ensemble de la société.
Historiens et patrimoine au 20 e siècle
Authors: Goetschel Pascale , Lemire Vincent , Potin Yann 
Published: January 2018

Après avoir fait le constat d’une intense fièvre patrimoniale contemporaine, le texte introductif met l’accent sur la dimension politique de l’objet patrimoine, en soulignant notamment l’importance des processus de sélection, de dénomination, de normalisation et de transmission de ce qui est finalement reconnu comme patrimoine collectif légitime. Parmi les agents de cette chaîne patrimoniale dynamique, les historiens ont été paradoxalement assez peu présents tout au long du 20 e siècle. Il s’agit alors d’interroger ce rendez-vous manqué entre historiens et patrimoine, pour mieux comprendre l’histoire de cet évitement et celle aussi, en contrepoint, de l’insertion graduelle d’autres disciplines et d’autres professions dans la fabrication de cet objet éminemment politique qu’est le patrimoine.
Patrimoine, histoire et présentisme
Authors: Hartog François 
Published: January 2018

Comment est-on passé d’un rapport patrimonial au passé à un patrimoine qui ne cesse de parler au présent ? Dans cet entretien, mené par Pascale Goetschel et Yann Potin, François Hartog, spécialiste de l’Antiquité grecque et des « régimes d’historicité », revient sur les transformations qui ont affecté les conceptions et les pratiques du patrimoine. Rappelant l’affaissement, depuis les années 1980, d’une vision ancienne du patrimoine arc-boutée sur le monument historique et où le passé éclairait l’avenir, il souligne l’avènement, sous l’effet de la montée de la mémoire dans l’espace public, d’un nouveau régime de patrimonialisation qui prend le présent pour horizon et l’émotion pour véhicule. Si la généalogie qu’il propose demeure prise dans les formes occidentales du rapport au passé dans le présent, elle est une manière de mesurer les enjeux dont le patrimoine ne cesse d’être l’objet.
L’objet patrimoine
Authors: Cornu Marie , Wagener Noé 
Published: January 2018

Les études d’histoire du patrimoine font une large part au droit, parce que cette histoire est profondément juridique. Inévitablement, elle est donc aussi une histoire d’État. Le patrimoine entretient un rapport particulièrement complexe au droit d’une part, et à l’État d’autre part, qui ne saurait être réduit à un simple rapport d’instrumentalisation du patrimoine par l’État, par l’entremise du droit. Dans cet article, la centralité de la place du droit dans le débat patrimonial est interrogée sous deux perspectives. D’un point de vue externe au droit, d’abord : quel rôle a joué le droit dans la construction de l’objet patrimoine ? D’un point de vue interne au droit, ensuite : comment l’objet patrimoine a-t-il été juridiquement activé ? Et que traduit ce mode d’activation de la norme : le simple pouvoir de l’État mis au service du projet de protection ? Ou la conviction, plus ou moins adroitement mise en forme, d’être en présence de quelque chose de commun ?
Les mémoriaux du régime du Kampuchéa démocratique au Cambodge
Authors: Escobar Rodriguez Adriana Maria 
Published: January 2018

En 1979, le régime du Kampuchéa démocratique s’effondrait. Dans un contexte particulièrement complexe, le nouveau régime, la République populaire du Kampuchéa (RPK), mettait rapidement en place des dispositifs de mémorialisation et de préservation des traces de la période polpotiste. À Phnom Penh, le musée du génocide de Tuol Sleng était aménagé dans un ancien centre de sécurité khmer rouge, tandis que dans les provinces, les ossements des victimes étaient disposés dans des constructions à vocation politico-pénale et mémorielle. Après les changements survenus dans les années 1990 et malgré la déliquescence de l’entreprise mémorielle instaurée par la RPK, le musée de Tuol Sleng, ainsi que certains mémoriaux et les ossements qu’ils abritent, se sont progressivement réaffirmés en tant que « biens » testimoniaux, constituant un patrimoine inédit au Cambodge. Fruit du travail de terrain et de la consultation de sources archivistiques et bibliographiques, cet article met ces lieux en lumière : le contexte politique qui marqua leur genèse, les volontés mémorielles qu’ils ont cristallisées, le processus de patrimonialisation et les pratiques diverses dont ils font désormais l’objet.
Adapting the Freiburg monosyllabic word test for Slovenian
Authors: Marvin Tatjana , Derganc Jure , Battelino Saba 
Published: January 2018

Speech audiometry is one of the standard methods used to diagnose the type of hearing loss and to assess the communication function of the patient by determining the level of the patient’s ability to understand and repeat words presented to him or her in a hearing test. For this purpose, the Slovenian adaptation of the German tests developed by Hahlbrock (1953, 1960) – the Freiburg Monosyllabic Word Test and the Freiburg Number Test – are used in Slovenia (adapted in 1968 by Pompe). In this paper we focus on the Freiburg Monosyllabic Word Test for Slovenian, which has been criticized by patients as well as in the literature for the unequal difficulty and frequency of the words, with many of these being extremely rare or even obsolete. As part of the patient’s communication function is retrieving the meaning of individual words by guessing, the less frequent and consequently less familiar words do not contribute to reliable testing results. We therefore adapt the test by identifying and removing such words and supplement them with phonetically similar words to preserve the phonetic balance of the list. The words used for replacement are extracted from the written corpus of Slovenian Gigafida and the spoken corpus of Slovenian GOS, while the optimal combinations of words are established by using computational algorithms.
The complexity of the BATH words in Cardiff English
Authors: Mees Inger Margrethe , Osorno Christina Høøck 
Published: January 2018

This article investigates how a small number of female speakers from Cardiff pronounce items belonging to the lexical set BATH. The data forms a subsample extracted from a longitudinal study on Cardiff English with recordings from 1977, 1990 and 2011. The BATH set comprises items (e.g., chance, bath) whose citation forms contain the TRAP vowel /æ/ in General American but the PALM vowel /ɑː/ in British RP. In other accents of English, including Cardiff English, the lexical distribution of the items is often less straightforward, with some items taking PALM while others take TRAP. The situation is particularly complex in Cardiff as the realisations of TRAP and PALM may sound very similar, both having a front vowel quality; furthermore, TRAP may be halflong. Consequently, it can be difficult to determine which of the vowels is selected. We analyse the vowels (both vowel quality and duration) of 11 (five in 2011) working and middle class informants who recorded a reading passage containing seven BATH words at all three points in time. In addition, we study a word list comprising 34 items read by the same speakers in 1990 and 2011. The vowels were subjected to both auditory impressionistic and acoustic analyses. We attempt to establish the social significance attached to the different pronunciations and also to discover if phonological context plays a role for the choice of vowel.
The value of phonetics and pronunciation teaching for advanced learners of English
Authors: Brekelmans Gwen 
Published: January 2018

Pronunciation is an essential part of acquiring a second language, but far too often little time is spent on teaching it (Kelly 1969). It seems as if it is generally thought that pronunciation is something that will develop on its own, yet learners are still assumed to maintain a certain level. This paper investigates the effects of explicit pronunciation and phonetics teaching on the English speech production of advanced Dutch learners of English. The pronunciation of advanced university learners was investigated at several points over a period of three years, halfway during which their pronunciation teaching was stopped. The effect this termination had on their speech production was investigated, as well as any task-specific differences in read versus spontaneous speech. Also studied was the potential influence of studying abroad and taking English-taught courses. Overall, this study shows that explicit teaching has a clear effect on the pronunciation of the learners. Some features of pronunciation turn out to be more robust than others, and the task type has an unmistakeable influence on the native-like quality of the learners’ pronunciation, while there was only a minor effect of general exposure to English. Altogether, the value of explicit phonetics and pronunciation teaching turns out to be quite high for advanced second language learners, and once they acquire a certain level they are able to maintain a stable accent.
Annual net primary productivity of a cyanobacteria-dominated biological soil crust in the Gulf Savannah, Queensland, Australia
Authors: Büdel Burkhard , Williams Wendy J. , Reichenberger Hans 
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) are a common element of the Queensland (Australia) dry savannah ecosystem and are composed of cyanobacteria, algae, lichens, bryophytes, fungi and heterotrophic bacteria. Here we report how the CO2 gas exchange of the cyanobacteria-dominated biocrust type from Boodjamulla National Park in the north Queensland Gulf Savannah responds to the pronounced climatic seasonality and on their quality as a carbon sink using a semi-automatic cuvette system. The dominant cyanobacteria are the filamentous species Symplocastrum purpurascens together with Scytonema sp. Metabolic activity was recorded between 1 July 2010 and 30 June 2011, during which CO2 exchange was only evident from November 2010 until mid-April 2011, representative of 23.6 % of the 1-year recording period. In November at the onset of the wet season, the first month (November) and the last month (April) of activity had pronounced respiratory loss of CO2. The metabolic active period accounted for 25 % of the wet season and of that period 48.6 % was net photosynthesis (NP) and 51.4 % dark respiration (DR). During the time of NP, net photosynthetic uptake of CO2 during daylight hours was reduced by 32.6 % due to water supersaturation. In total, the biocrust fixed 229.09 mmol CO2 m−2 yr−1, corresponding to an annual carbon gain of 2.75 g m−2 yr−1. Due to malfunction of the automatic cuvette system, data from September and October 2010 together with some days in November and December 2010 could not be analysed for NP and DR. Based on climatic and gas exchange data from November 2010, an estimated loss of 88 mmol CO2 m−2 was found for the 2 months, resulting in corrected annual rates of 143.1 mmol CO2 m−2 yr−1, equivalent to a carbon gain of 1.7 g m−2 yr−1. The bulk of the net photosynthetic activity occurred above a relative humidity of 42 %, indicating a suitable climatic combination of temperature, water availability and light intensity well above 200 µmol photons m−2 s−1 photosynthetic active radiation. The Boodjamulla biocrust exhibited high seasonal variability in CO2 gas exchange pattern, clearly divided into metabolically inactive winter months and active summer months. The metabolic active period commences with a period (of up to 3 months) of carbon loss, likely due to reestablishment of the crust structure and restoration of NP prior to about a 4-month period of net carbon gain. In the Gulf Savannah biocrust system, seasonality over the year investigated showed that only a minority of the year is actually suitable for biocrust growth and thus has a small window for potential contribution to soil organic matter.
Glacial–interglacial changes and Holocene variations in Arabian Sea denitrification
Authors: Gaye Birgit , Böll Anna , Segschneider Joachim , Burdanowitz Nicole , Emeis Kay-Christian , Ramaswamy Venkitasubramani , Lahajnar Niko , Lückge Andreas , Rixen Tim 
Published: January 2018

Abstract. At present, the Arabian Sea has a permanent oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) at
water depths between about 100 and 1200 m. Active denitrification in the
upper part of the OMZ is recorded by enhanced δ15N values in the
sediments. Sediment cores show a δ15N increase during the middle
and late Holocene, which is contrary to the trend in the other two regions of
water column denitrification in the eastern tropical North and South Pacific.
We calculated composite sea surface temperature (SST) and δ15N
ratios in time slices of 1000 years of the last 25 kyr to better understand
the reasons for the establishment of the Arabian Sea OMZ and its response to
changes in the Asian monsoon system. Low δ15N values of
4–7 ‰ during the last glacial maximum (LGM) and stadials (Younger
Dryas and Heinrich events) suggest that denitrification was inactive or weak
during Pleistocene cold phases, while warm interstadials (ISs) had elevated
δ15N. Fast changes in upwelling intensities and OMZ ventilation
from the Antarctic were responsible for these strong millennial-scale
variations during the glacial. During the entire Holocene δ15N
values > 6 ‰ indicate a relatively stable OMZ with enhanced
denitrification. The OMZ develops parallel to the strengthening of the SW
monsoon and monsoonal upwelling after the LGM. Despite the relatively stable
climatic conditions of the Holocene, the δ15N records show
regionally different trends in the Arabian Sea. In the upwelling areas in the western
part of the basin, δ15N
values are lower during the mid-Holocene (4.2–8.2 ka BP) compared to the
late Holocene (< 4.2 ka BP) due to stronger ventilation of the OMZ
during the period of the most intense southwest monsoonal upwelling. In
contrast, δ15N values in the northern and eastern Arabian Sea rose
during the last 8 kyr. The displacement of the core of the OMZ from the
region of maximum productivity in the western Arabian Sea to its present
position in the northeast was established during the middle and late
Holocene. This was probably caused by (i) reduced ventilation due to a longer
residence time of OMZ waters and (ii) augmented by rising oxygen consumption
due to enhanced northeast-monsoon-driven biological productivity. This
concurs with the results of the Kiel Climate Model, which show an increase in
OMZ volume during the last 9 kyr related to the increasing age of the OMZ
water mass.
A global historical data set of tropical cyclone exposure (TCE-DAT)
Authors: Geiger Tobias , Frieler Katja , Bresch David N. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Tropical cyclones pose a major risk to societies worldwide, with about 22 million directly affected people and damages of USD 29 billion on average per year over the last 20 years. While data on observed cyclones tracks (location of the center) and wind speeds are publicly available, these data sets do not contain information about the spatial extent of the storm and people or assets exposed. Here, we apply a simplified wind field model to estimate the areas exposed to wind speeds above 34, 64, and 96 knots (kn). Based on available spatially explicit data on population densities and gross domestic product (GDP) we estimate (1) the number of people and (2) the sum of assets exposed to wind speeds above these thresholds accounting for temporal changes in historical distribution of population and assets (TCE-hist) and assuming fixed 2015 patterns (TCE-2015). The associated spatially explicit and aggregated country-event-level exposure data (TCE-DAT) cover the period 1950 to 2015 and are freely available at https://doi.org/10.5880/pik.2017.011 (Geiger at al., 2017c). It is considered key information to (1) assess the contribution of climatological versus socioeconomic drivers of changes in exposure to tropical cyclones, (2) estimate changes in vulnerability from the difference in exposure and reported damages and calibrate associated damage functions, and (3) build improved exposure-based predictors to estimate higher-level societal impacts such as long-term effects on GDP, employment, or migration. We validate the adequateness of our methodology by comparing our exposure estimate to estimated exposure obtained from reported wind fields available since 1988 for the United States. We expect that the free availability of the underlying model and TCE-DAT will make research on tropical cyclone risks more accessible to non-experts and stakeholders.