bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FNA smears as a potential source of DNA for targeted next‐generation sequencing of lung adenocarcinomas
Authors: Treece Amanda L. , Montgomery Nathan D. , Patel Nirali M. , Civalier Chris J. , Dodd Leslie G. , Gulley Margaret L. , Booker Jessica K. , Weck Karen E. 
Published: February 2016

BACKGROUNDDiff‐Quik–stained fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) smears and touch preparations from biopsies represent alternative specimens for molecular testing when cell block or biopsy material is insufficient. This study describes the use of these samples for targeted next‐generation sequencing (NGS) of primary and metastatic lung adenocarcinoma and reports the DNA quality and success rates of FNA smears versus other specimens from 1 year of clinical use.METHODSA validation set of 10 slides from 9 patients with prior clinical epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) Sanger sequencing and KRAS pyrosequencing (5 KRAS‐positive/EGFR‐negative and 4 KRAS‐negative/EGFR‐negative) underwent DNA extraction, quality assessment, and targeted NGS. Subsequently, lung adenocarcinoma specimens submitted for NGS solid tumor mutation panel testing in 1 calendar year (60 biopsies, 57 resections, 33 FNA cell blocks, 12 FNA smears, and 10 body fluid cell blocks) were reviewed for specimen adequacy, sequencing success, and DNA quality.RESULTSAll 10 validation samples met the DNA quality threshold (delta Ct threshold < 8; range, –2.2 to 4.9) and yielded 0.5 to 22 μg of DNA. The KRAS and EGFR mutation status from FNA smears according to NGS was concordant with previous clinical testing for all 10 samples. In the 1‐year review, FNA smears were 100% successful, and this suggested a performance equivalent to or better than the performance of established specimen types, including FNA cell blocks. DNA quality according to ΔCt was significantly better with FNA smears versus biopsies, resections, and FNA cell blocks.CONCLUSIONSFNA smears of lung adenocarcinomas are high‐quality alternative specimens for a targeted NGS panel with a high success rate in clinical practice. Cancer Cytopathol 2016;124:406–14. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Tuning Charge Transfer in Ion–Surface Collisions at Hyperthermal Energies
Authors: Yao Yunxi , Giapis Konstantinos P. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractCharge exchange in ion–surface collisions may be influenced by surface adsorbates to alter the charge state of the scattered projectiles. We show here that the positive‐ion yield, observed during ion scattering on metal surfaces at low incident energies, is greatly enhanced by adsorbing electronegative species onto the surface. Specifically, when beams of N+ and O+ ions are scattered off of clean Au surfaces at hyperthermal energies, no positive ions are observed exiting. Partial adsorption of F atoms on the Au surface, however, leads to the appearance of positively charged primary ions scattering off of Au, a direct result of the increase in the Au work function. The inelastic energy losses for positive‐ion exits are slightly larger than the corresponding ionization energies of the respective N and O atoms, which suggest that the detected positive ions are formed by surface reionization during the hard collision event.
Dye‐Sensitized Cu2XSnS4 (X=Zn, Ni, Fe, Co, and Mn) Nanofibers for Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Gonce Mehmet Kerem , Aslan Emre , Ozel Faruk , Hatay Patir Imren 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activities of low‐cost and noble‐metal‐free Cu2XSnS4 (X=Zn, Ni, Fe, Co, and Mn) nanofiber catalysts have been investigated using triethanolamine as an electron donor and eosin Y as a photosensitizer under visible‐light irradiation. The rates of hydrogen evolution by Cu2XSnS4 (X=Zn, Ni, Fe, Co, and Mn) nanofibers have been compared with each other and with that of the noble metal Pt. The hydrogen evolution rates for the nanofibers change in the order Cu2NiSnS4>Cu2FeSnS4>Cu2CoSnS4>Cu2ZnSnS4>Cu2MnSnS4 (2028, 1870, 1926, 1420, and 389 μmol g−1 h−1, respectively). The differences between the hydrogen evolution rates of the nanofibers could be attributed to their energy levels. Moreover, Cu2NiSnS4, Cu2FeSnS4, and Cu2CoSnS4 nanofibers show higher and more stable photocatalytic hydrogen production rates than that of the noble metal Pt under long‐term irradiation with visible light.
Glandular epithelial abnormalities on thinprep® pap tests: Clinical and cytohistologic correlation
Authors: Selvaggi Suzanne M. 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundAlthough the incidence of glandular epithelial abnormalities on cervical cytology is low, the clinical and histologic findings are often significant. The laboratory's 12‐year experience is reported.Methodsfrom January 1, 2003 to December 31, 2014, the Cytopathology Laboratory of the University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics processed 191,087 ThinPrep® Pap Tests of which 184 (0.1%) were reported as glandular epithelial abnormalities. One hundred forty‐three (78%) of these cases had histologic follow‐up and form the basis of this study. Of the 143 women (mean age, 52; median, 50), 45% presented with vaginal bleeding and 55% were asymptomatic. The cytologic groups included atypical glandular cells, atypical glandular cells; favor a neoplastic process, atypical endocervical cells, atypical endocervical cells; favor a neoplastic process, endocervical adenocarcinoma in situ, atypical endometrial cells and adenocarcinoma, NOS.ResultsOverall, the histologic follow‐up showed epithelial abnormalities including endometrial and endocervical carcinoma, endocervical adenocarcinoma in situ, CIN 3 involving endocervical glands and metastatic carcinoma in 78% of the cases. The diagnoses were age‐dependent and influenced by clinical symptomatology.ConclusionGlandular epithelial abnormalities on Pap tests warrant further clinical investigation. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:389–393. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development of a Probe for Detecting Magnetic Fluid in Lymph Nodes
Authors: OOKUBO TETSU , INOUE YUSUKE , KIM DONGMIN , OHSAKI HIROYUKI , MASHIKO YUSUKE , KUSAKABE MORIAKI , SEKINO MASAKI 
Published: February 2016

SUMMARYLymph nodes are selectively removed in order to diagnose cancer metastases. In this investigation, we developed a magnetic probe for intraoperatively detecting the accumulation of magnetic fluid. We built a magnetic probe consisting of a permanent magnet and a Hall effect sensor, and investigated its sensitivity. The results agreed well with the numerical results. In addition, a prototype probe detected 1.6 mL of magnetic fluid located 30 mm from the probe head.
Calculation of Local Bifurcation Points in Piecewise Nonlinear Discrete‐Time Dynamical Systems
Authors: TONE YUSUKE , ASAHARA HIROYUKI , ITO DAISUKE , UETA TETSUSHI , AIHARA KAZUYUKI , KOUSAKA TAKUJI 
Published: February 2016

SUMMARYThis paper proposes a method for calculation of local bifurcation points in discrete‐time dynamical systems with piecewise nonlinear characteristics (PNDDS). First, an ‐dimensional PNDDS, which has two piecewise nonlinear maps, is shown and its variational equation is derived. Next, a calculation method for the local bifurcation points that utilizes the conditional equation for the periodic solution and the characteristic equation is proposed. It is essential to calculate the derivatives of the map with an initial value and with a bifurcation parameter to obtain the bifurcation points continuously in the parameter space. The above calculation process is a key component of the proposed method, and is explained in detail. Finally, we apply the proposed method to a two‐dimensional PNDDS and calculate the local bifurcation points in order to confirm the validity of the proposed method.
Accuracy Improvement of Low‐Invasive Temperature Measurement for Hyperthermia Treatment Using a Ferromagnetic Implant with Low Curie Temperature
Authors: MIYAMOTO RYUHEI , SAITO HAJIME , SUZUKI MASAFUMI , YOSHIMURA NOBORU , MITOBE KAZUTAKA 
Published: February 2016

SUMMARYWe investigated a hyperthermia treatment method in which a ferromagnetic implant with a low Curie temperature (FILCT) is implanted into a malignant tumor and then a high‐frequency magnetic field is applied outside the body. In earlier studies, we confirmed that the target temperature of the tumor can be noninvasively monitored by detecting changes in the magnetic field caused by changes in magnetic permeability. It was very difficult, however, to detect the FILCT temperature if the applied magnetic field was in an unstable state. Additionally, if the initial bias is higher, it is more difficult to detect the FILCT temperature because the resolution of the lock‐in amplifier is reduced. In order to improve the accuracy of low‐invasive temperature measurement, we formulated a method that reduces the drift in the pickup coil voltage caused by instability from the applied magnetic field. In addition, we experimentally confirmed that the influence of fluctuations in the applied magnetic field can be reduced by adjusting the initial bias value to close to 0 V.
Review of Low‐Temperature Bonding Technologies and Their Application in Optoelectronic Devices
Authors: HIGURASHI EIJI , SUGA TADATOMO 
Published: February 2016

SUMMARYLow‐temperature bonding is an important fabrication technique for advanced microelectronics, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), and optoelectronic devices. Recently, many low‐temperature bonding techniques such as surface activated bonding have been studied in order to create unique device structures for a wide range of photonics applications. This paper focuses on low‐temperature bonding techniques and reviews the state‐of‐the‐art applications involving optoelectronic devices.
BH4–‐Promoted, Radical‐Initiated, Catalytic Oxidation of (CH3)2SO by N2O in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Yanus Rinat Levy , Yardeni Guy , Maimon Eric , Saphier Magal , Zilbermann Israel , Meyerstein Dan 
Published: February 2016

AbstractMethyl radicals react with BH4– to form BH3·–/BH4· (k ≈ 5 × 103 M–1 s–1. BH3·–/BH4· reacts with N2O to form OH· radicals, which react with (CH3)2SO to form methyl radicals and thus initiate a chain oxidation process. It is suggested that analogous reactions can be initiated by the reaction of OH· radicals with other organic substrates. Thus, BH4– promotes oxidation processes.
Diacylglycerol‐enriched oil production using chemical glycerolysis
Authors: Satriana  , Arpi Normalina , Lubis Yanti Meldasari , Adisalamun  , Supardan Muhammad Dani , Mustapha Wan Aida Wan 
Published: February 2016

Diacylglycerol (DAG)‐enriched oils have been drawing increased global attention from researchers and food manufacturers. The production of DAG‐enriched oils have been investigated extensively because of its health benefit. DAG is commonly produced chemically through glycerolysis processes. This paper attempts to review and summarize the chemical glycerolysis methods for DAG‐enriched oils production. The critical process parameters of the DAG synthesis are also presented and discussed. In addition, a process intensification for DAG‐enriched oils production has been developed with an objective of reducing required temperature with better reaction yields, and also lowering energy requirement and cost of processing.Practical applications: Diacylglycerol (DAG) has been widely used at different purity levels as an additive for enhancing fats’ plasticity, an emulsifier and stabilizer in food as well as in medicine and cosmetic industries. DAG can be produced chemically through a glycerolysis process. Chemical production of DAG oil avoids a number of complex steps required in the enzymatic method. Important parameters in chemical glycerolysis must be fully considered to gain a better performance of chemical glycerolysis.Diacylglycerol (DAG) is ester of glycerol in which two of the hydroxyl group are esterified with fatty acids. DAG‐enriched oil is commonly produced chemically through a glycerolysis process. Important process parameters in chemical glycerolysis as well as process intensification for DAG‐enriched oil production are summarized in this review article.
Quasi‐Solid‐State Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells Based on Ru(II) Polypyridine Sensitizers
Authors: ElBatal Hany S. , Aghazada Sadig , Al‐Muhtaseb Shaheen A. , Grätzel Michael , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe Ru(II) polypyridine complexes SA22 and SA25 consisting of anchoring and light harvesting moieties and possessing broad light absorption spectra were used to fabricate and optimize dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The highly efficient Z960 electrolyte was used as redox‐mediator, and the J–V characteristics and incident photon‐to‐current conversion efficiency (IPCE) data were measured. The solar cells based on these dyes and electrolyte yielded power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of 7 % using SA22 and 5 % with SA25. The higher‐performance sensitizer SA22 was selected to build solar‐cell devices, using either the high‐thermal‐stability Z946 electrolyte or a gel‐electrolyte composed of Z946 electrolyte and 2 wt % low‐molecular‐mass organogelator (LMOG) NME‐5. The quasi‐solid‐state electrolyte produced a DSSC with a PCE of 4.7 %, whereas that made using Z946 showed 5 % efficiency. The quasi‐solid‐state DSSC was sealed and a stability study was performed using accelerated thermal aging conditions at 70 °C for 7 days, by which the cell parameters (including PCE, Jsc, Voc, and FF) retained more than 90 % of their original values.
Polyvinyl Alcohol Functionalized Solid Acid Catalyst DICAT‐1 for Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural in Green Solvent
Authors: Pawar Hitesh S. , Lali Arvind M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractMicrowave‐assisted cyclodehydration of fructose to 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (5‐HMF) was studied herein over polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)‐functionalized solid acid catalyst DICAT‐1 in low‐boiling green solvents. Of the tested solvent systems [isopropanol (IPA), tert‐butyl alcohol, THF, acetone, CH3CN, DMF, and DMSO], IPA was the preferred low boiling point (LBP) reaction medium, resulting in 95 % fructose conversion and 85 % 5‐HMF yield in 120 s. The characteristic dispersibility and swelling properties of DICAT‐1 in IPA had a significant effect on 5‐HMF yield. The catalyst DICAT‐1 was stable and robust under the reaction conditions and easily recycled. The structural and morphological characteristics of the catalyst were elucidated by FTIR spectroscopy, SEM/energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy, XRD, and N2 sorption analysis. DICAT‐1 has covalently bonded −SO3H active sites, an amorphous nature, and mesoporous surface morphology; these features result in excellent performance in IPA. Estimated values of turnover number, turnover frequency, E‐factor, and process mass intensity categorize the overall process as environmentally safe for the production of 5‐HMF. A catalytic mechanism for 5‐HMF formation on DICAT‐1 is proposed.
Structure‐reactivity relationships between the fluorescent chromophores and antioxidant activity of grain and sweet sorghum seeds
Authors: Uchimiya Minori , Ni Xinzhi , Wang Ming Li 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPolyphenolic structures are the putative cause of a variety of seed functions including bird/insect resistance and antioxidant activity. Structure‐reactivity relationships are necessary to understand the influence of polyphenolic chromophore structures on the tannin content and free radical quenching ability determined by the traditional calorimetric methods. This study investigated the relationships between the structural attributes of fluorescent chromophore and the following seed characterization methods: procyanidin (by acid‐butanol assay) and flavonoid (by vanillin assay) contents, radical quenching (by DPPH assay), electron‐donating capacity (by FeIII reduction), and λmax (by UV/visible spectrophotometry). Distinctively different response was observed for different seed categories: U.S. grain sorghum hybrids, African grain sorghum, and sweet sorghum. The U.S. grain sorghum varieties (low‐tannin to maximize the livestock digestion) responded only to the DPPH assay. For sweet sorghum and African grain sorghum, linear correlation was observed between (1) the antioxidant activity (2) the amounts of procyanidins and flavonoids, and (2) the aromaticity of fingerprint fluorescent structures.
Contributions of Ernest Wenkert to the Use of Cyclopropanes in Synthesis – Impact, Reflections, and Recollections
Authors: Hudlicky Tomas 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis essay describes Ernest Wenkert's contributions to the chemistry of cyclopropanes and their use in synthesis. The impact of his work on the careers of others, especially including the development of cyclopropane‐based research in the Hudlicky group, is addressed, along with reflections on his mentorship. Personal recollections from some of his past students are provided at the end of the article.
Synthetic Applications of Aroyl‐ and Nitro‐substituted 2‐Aryl‐Cyclopropane‐1,1‐Dicarboxylates
Authors: Selvi Thangavel , Srinivasan Kannupal 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe synthetic applications of aroyl‐ and nitro‐substituted D‐A cyclopropanes probed in the authors’ laboratory are reviewed. These cyclopropanes, though looking similar, exhibit markedly different reactivity patterns. Lewis acid‐mediated transformations of these cyclopropanes (in the presence or absence of a reaction partner) afford a variety of carbocycles and heterocycles. Mechanistic aspects of the reactions are discussed for clear understanding of the transformations.
Quantitative evaluation of local pulmonary distribution of TiO2 in rats following single or multiple intratracheal administrations of TiO2 nanoparticles using X‐ray fluorescence microscopy
Authors: Zhang Guihua , Shinohara Naohide , Kano Hirokazu , Senoh Hideki , Suzuki Masaaki , Sasaki Takeshi , Fukushima Shoji , Gamo Masashi 
Published: February 2016

AbstractUneven pulmonary nanoparticle (NP) distribution has been described when using single‐dose intratracheal administration tests. Multiple‐dose intratracheal administrations with small quantities of NPs are expected to improve the unevenness of each dose. The differences in local pulmonary NP distribution (called microdistribution) between single‐ and multiple‐dose administrations may cause differential pulmonary responses; however, this has not been evaluated. Here, we quantitatively evaluated the pulmonary microdistribution (per mesh: 100 μm × 100 μm) of TiO2 in lung sections from rats following one, two, three, or four doses of TiO2 NPs at a same total dosage of 10 mg kg−1 using X‐ray fluorescence microscopy. The results indicate that: (i) multiple‐dose administrations show lower variations in TiO2 content (ng mesh−1) for sections of each lobe; (ii) TiO2 appears to be deposited more in the right caudal and accessory lobes located downstream of the administration direction of NP suspensions, and less so in the right middle lobes, irrespective of the number of doses; (iii) there are not prominent differences in the pattern of pulmonary TiO2 microdistribution between rats following single and multiple doses of TiO2 NPs. Additionally, the estimation of pulmonary TiO2 deposition for multiple‐dose administrations imply that every dose of TiO2 would be randomly deposited only in part of the fixed 30–50% of lung areas. The evidence suggests that multiple‐dose administrations do not offer remarkable advantages over single‐dose administration on the pulmonary NP microdistribution, although multiple‐dose administrations may reduce variations in the TiO2 content for each lung lobe. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stereoselectivity and the potential endocrine disrupting activity of di‐(2‐ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) against human progesterone receptor: a computational perspective
Authors: Sheikh Ishfaq Ahmad 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDi‐(2‐ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) is a phthalate plasticizer and is one of the very common endocrine‐disrupting chemicals (EDCs) contaminating our ecosystem. It is used for imparting flexibility to plastics and frequently used in personal and industrial products. Clinical and experimental studies have indicated that exposure to DEHP is associated with developmental abnormalities of the reproductive system particularly of male neonates, endometriosis and miscarriage in women, low sperm counts and lower sperm motility and DNA integrity in men, and placental problems with higher rates of low birth weight, premature birth, and fetal loss in laboratory animals. Binding of DEHP to progesterone receptor (PR) represents a potential mechanism of interference in the reproductive functions. DEHP is a chiralmolecule and is available commercially as a racemic mixture of RR, SS and RS stereoisomers. The ability of individual stereoisomers of DEHP to interfere with the reproductive functions of humans and animals is not known and molecular interactions of DEHP stereoisomers with PR are not available. In the present study, in silico approaches were adopted for molecular simulation studies of the three stereoisomers of DEHP with PR. The study suggested that all three stereoisomers of DEHP have the potential to compete with the normal substrate binding of PR. However, the binding of DEHP to PR was stereoselective with RR stereoisomer of DEHP having the best binding characteristics compared with SS, and RS stereoisomers. It has been suggested that stereoselectivity may be employed for improving the safety of the commercial compounds using pure stereoisomers instead of racemic mixtures. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Toxicity and dosimetric analysis of non–small cell lung cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy with 4DCT and image‐guided intensity modulated radiotherapy: a regional centre's experience
Authors: Livingston Gareth C. , Last Andrew J. , Shakespeare Thomas P. , Dwyer Patrick M. , Westhuyzen Justin , McKay Michael J. , Connors Lisa , Leader Stephanie , Greenham Stuart 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIntroductionFor patients receiving radiotherapy for locally advance non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the probability of experiencing severe radiation pneumonitis (RP) appears to rise with an increase in radiation received by the lungs. Intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) provides the ability to reduce planned doses to healthy organs at risk (OAR) and can potentially reduce treatment‐related side effects. This study reports toxicity outcomes and provides a dosimetric comparison with three‐dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT).MethodsThirty curative NSCLC patients received radiotherapy using four‐dimensional computed tomography and five‐field IMRT. All were assessed for early and late toxicity using common terminology criteria for adverse events. All plans were subsequently re‐planned using 3DCRT to the same standard as the clinical plans. Dosimetric parameters for lungs, oesophagus, heart and conformity were recorded for comparison between the two techniques.ResultsIMRT plans achieved improved high‐dose conformity and reduced OAR doses including lung volumes irradiated to 5–20 Gy. One case each of oesophagitis and erythema (3%) were the only Grade 3 toxicities. Rates of Grade 2 oesophagitis were 40%. No cases of Grade 3 RP were recorded and Grade 2 RP rates were as low as 3%.ConclusionIMRT provides a dosimetric benefit when compared to 3DCRT. While the clinical benefit appears to increase with increasing target size and increasing complexity, IMRT appears preferential to 3DCRT in the treatment of NSCLC.