bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diamond Nanothermometry
Authors: Sotoma Shingo , Epperla Chandra P. , Chang Huan‐Cheng 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMeasuring temperature at or far from equilibrium at the nanoscale is important in many fields of science and engineering. A variety of luminescent nanothermometers have been developed in the past decade for the measurements. Fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) stand out from the rest in terms of biological use, because the nanomaterials contain negatively charged nitrogen‐vacancy (NV−) centers as photostable fluorophores and possess a number of remarkable properties including chemical inertness, negligible toxicity, versatile surface modification ability and, most importantly, exceptional temperature‐measurement precision. However, to enable practical applications of FNDs for temperature sensing in biological systems, conjugation of the particles with polymers, biomolecules, and/or other nanomaterials are often required. Gold/diamond nanohybrids are one of these combinations that enhance the temperature measurement versatility of the NV− centers. Here, we provide a review of the recent advances in the research and development of diamond nanothermometry, with special focus on the synthesis, characterization, and applications of gold/diamond nanohybrids. Current challenges and future perspectives of the FND‐based nanothermometry are also discussed.
Upscaling transpiration in diverse forests: Insights from a tropical premontane site
Authors: Moore Georgianne W. , Orozco Graciela , Aparecido Luiza M.T. , Miller Gretchen R. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractUpscaling water use of individual trees to stands using sap flux techniques is a common method for partitioning site water balance, but few such studies have occurred in the tropics. Increasing interests in the role of tropical forests in global cycles have spurred upscaling studies in natural tropical forests, which present challenges from greater tree species and functional diversity, and potential factors that would reduce transpiration, such as frequent cloud cover and wet canopy conditions. In a premontane wet tropical forest in central Costa Rica, sap flow was measured in 15 trees stratified into 5 size classes based on tree diameters. None of the trees belonged to the same species, genus, or even family. We also accounted for potential radial variation in sap flux density. Data were scaled to estimate transpiration within a small 2.2‐ha watershed using stand surveys of sapwood area. Stand transpiration averaged only 1.4 ± 0.7 mm day−1 within this forested watershed due to persistent low radiation, evaporative demand, and frequent wet canopy conditions. Our systematic approach used tree size attributes to scale water use to the stand, given difficulties to quantify species differences in such a diverse ecosystem. Contrary to previous evidence on temperate trees, the large trees sampled did not exhibit flow reductions in deeper sapwood, which warrants further study. These results highlight some unique aspects of measuring transpiration in wet tropical forests that are important to consider for future studies in diverse stands.
Comparing chemistry and bioactivity of burned vs. decomposed plant litter: different pathways but same result?
Authors: Bonanomi Giuliano , Incerti Guido , Abd El‐Gawad Ahmed M. , Cesarano Gaspare , Sarker Tushar C. , Saulino Luigi , Lanzotti Virginia , Saracino Antonio , Rego Francisco C. , Mazzoleni Stefano 
Published: October 2017

AbstractLitter burning and biological decomposition are oxidative processes co‐occurring in many terrestrial ecosystems, producing organic matter with different chemical properties and differently affecting plant growth and soil microbial activity. We tested the chemical convergence hypothesis, i.e., materials with different initial chemistry converge toward a common profile, with similar biological effects, as the oxidative process advances, for burning and decomposition. We compared the molecular composition, assessed by 13C NMR, of seven plant litter types either fresh, decomposed for 30, 90, 180 d in a microcosms incubation experiment, or heated at 100°C, 200°C, 300°C, 400°C, 500°C for 30 minutes. We used litter water extracts (5% dry weight) as treatments in bioassays on plant (Lepidium sativum) and fungal (Aspergillus niger) growth, and a washed quartz sand amended with litter (0.5% dw) to assess heterotrophic respiration by flux chamber (i.e., [μg of CO2 released]·[g added litter]−1·d−1). We observed different molecular variations for materials either burning (i.e., a sharp increase of aromatic C and a decrease of other fractions above 200°C) or decomposing (i.e., early increase of alkyl, methoxyl, and N‐alkyl C and decrease of O‐alkyl and di‐O‐alkyl C fractions). Soil respiration and fungal growth decreased with litter age and heating severity, down to 20% relative to fresh litter. Plants were inhibited on fresh litter (on average 13% of the control), but recovered on aged (180 d) and heated (30 min at 500°C) materials, up to 126% and 63% of the control, respectively. Correlation between the intensity of 13C NMR signals in litter spectra and bioassay results showed that O‐alkyl, methoxyl, and aromatic C fractions are crucial to understand organic matter effects, with plant response negatively affected by labile C but positively associated to lignification and pyrogenic C. The pattern of association of soil respiration and fungal growth to these C fractions was essentially opposite to that observed for plant root growth. Our findings suggest a functional convergence of decomposed and burned organic substrates, emerging from the balance between the bioavailability of labile C sources and the presence of recalcitrant and pyrogenic compounds, oppositely affecting different trophic levels.
Pharmaceuticals and pesticides archived on polar passive sampling devices can be stable for up to 6 years
Authors: Challis Jonathan K. , Hanson Mark L. , Wong Charles S. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

In the present study, we report the freezer storage stability of pharmaceuticals and pesticides for the organic-diffusive gradients in thin-films (o-DGT) passive sampler and the polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS). The average change on o-DGT after approximately 18 mo was 9 ± 9% across 30 compounds. For POCIS, the average change after approximately 6 yr was 14 ± 14% for the same compounds. Our data suggest that analytes stored on these samplers are stable and appropriate for archival purposes. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:762–767. © 2017 SETAC
Hierarchical calibration and validation framework of bench‐scale computational fluid dynamics simulations for solvent‐based carbon capture. Part 2: Chemical absorption across a wetted wall column
Authors: Wang Chao , Xu Zhijie , Lai Kevin , Whyatt Greg , Marcy Peter W. , Sun Xin 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPart 1 of this paper presents a numerical model for non‐reactive physical mass transfer across a wetted wall column (WWC). In Part 2, we improved the existing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model to simulate chemical absorption occurring in a WWC as a bench‐scale study of solvent‐based carbon dioxide (CO2) capture. To generate data for WWC model validation, CO2 mass transfer across a monoethanolamine (MEA) solvent was first measured on a WWC experimental apparatus. The numerical model developed in this work can account for both chemical absorption and desorption of CO2 in MEA. In addition, the overall mass transfer coefficient predicted using traditional/empirical correlations is conducted and compared with CFD prediction results for both steady and wavy falling films. A Bayesian statistical calibration algorithm is adopted to calibrate the reaction rate constants in chemical absorption/desorption of CO2 across a falling film of MEA. The posterior distributions of the two transport properties, i.e., Henry's constant and gas diffusivity in the non‐reacting nitrous oxide (N2O)/MEA system obtained from Part 1 of this study, serves as priors for the calibration of CO2 reaction rate constants after using the N2O/CO2 analogy method. The calibrated model can be used to predict the CO2 mass transfer in a WWC for a wider range of operating conditions. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Brain stimulation‐induced neuroplasticity underlying therapeutic response in phantom sounds
Authors: Poeppl Timm B. , Langguth Berthold , Lehner Astrid , Frodl Thomas , Rupprecht Rainer , Kreuzer Peter M. , Landgrebe Michael , Schecklmann Martin 
Published: October 2017

AbstractNoninvasive brain stimulation can modify phantom sounds for longer periods by modulating neural activity and putatively inducing regional neuroplastic changes. However, treatment response is limited and there are no good demographic or clinical predictors for treatment outcome. We used state‐of‐the‐art voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) to investigate whether transcranial magnetic stimulation‐induced neuroplasticity determines therapeutic outcome. Sixty subjects chronically experiencing phantom sounds (i.e., tinnitus) received repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of left dorsolateral prefrontal and temporal cortex according to a protocol that has been shown to yield a significantly higher number of treatment responders than sham stimulation and previous stimulation protocols. Structural magnetic resonance imaging was performed before and after rTMS. In VBM whole‐brain analyses (P < 0.05, FWE corrected), we assessed longitudinal gray matter changes as well as structural connectivity between the ensuing regions. We observed longitudinal mesoscopic gray matter changes of left dorsolateral prefontal (DLPFC), left operculo‐insular, and right inferior temporal cortex (ITC) in responders (N = 22) but not nonresponders (N = 38), as indicated by a group × time interaction and post‐hoc tests. These results were neither influenced by age, sex, hearing loss nor by tinnitus laterality, duration, and severity at baseline. Furthermore, we found robust DLPFC–insula and insula–ITC connectivity in responders, while only relatively weak DLPFC–insula connectivity and no insula–ITC connectivity could be demonstrated in nonresponders. Our results reinforce the implication of nonauditory brain regions in phantom sounds and suggest the dependence of therapeutic response on their neuroplastic capabilities. The latter in turn may depend on (differences in) their individual structural connectivity. Hum Brain Mapp 39:554–562, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cucurbit[n]uril Host‐Guest Complexes of Acids, Photoacids, and Super Photoacids
Authors: Macartney Donal H. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe supramolecular chemistry of host‐guest complexes of cucurbit[n]urils (CB[n]) with acidic guests in the ground (HG+) and excited states (HG+*) are reviewed. The effects of CB[n] complexation on the guests’ pKa and/or pKa* values are related to relative binding constants and host‐guest structures of the acid form of the guest and its conjugate base. Included are carbon acids, guests of biological and medicinal interest, dyes and related polyaromatic guests, and other organic and organometallic guests. The applications of the pKa shifts to the solubility, stability, and bioavailabilty of drug molecules, the stability and enhanced spectral properties of dyes, and in pH‐induced self‐sorting, micelle formation, host‐guest shuttling, and controlled guest release, are discussed.
Integrity Is More Than Validity: Seeking Credible, Usable, and Ethical Research
Authors: Rallis Sharon F. , Lawrence Rachael B. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis chapter introduces integrity and use as central concepts for judging research quality. Analyzing an illustrative case through the NRC Guiding Principles for Education Research and Terenzini's tiers of intelligence, we demonstrate the centrality of research integrity to use.
Cooperative Attention: Using Qualitative Case Studies to Study Peer Institutions
Authors: Lisi Bethany 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis chapter provides a conceptual model that institutional research professionals can use to develop contextual intelligence of issues of interest in higher education with the use of case studies from peer institutions. The model draws from the metaphor of the “divided brain” and how the two hemispheres must work together with both broad and focused attention on an issue grounded in contextual understanding.
Cardiac amyloidosis is associated with increased aortic stiffness
Authors: Nemes Attila , Földeák Dóra , Domsik Péter , Kalapos Anita , Kormányos Árpád , Borbényi Zita , Forster Tamás 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectiveCardiac amyloidosis (CA) is as an infiltrative disorder primarily caused by extracellular tissue deposition of amyloid fibrils in the myocardial interstitium. The current study was designed to test whether alterations in ascending aortic elastic properties could be detected by echocardiography in CA patients, and to compare their results to controls.Patients and methodsWe included 19 CA patients from which CA proved to be AL amyloidosis in 17 cases and transthyretin (TTR) amyloidosis in 2 cases. Their results were compared to 20 age‐, gender‐, and risk factor‐matched controls.ResultsThere was significantly greater interventricular septum and left ventricular (LV) posterior wall thickness, lower LV ejection fraction and greater E/A in CA patients than in controls, suggesting systolic, and diastolic dysfunction. CA patients also showed significantly reduced aortic strain and pulsatile change in aortic diameter, and increased aortic stiffness index.ConclusionThese results suggest increased aortic stiffness in CA patients.
Prenatal sonographic diagnosis of cephalopagus conjoined twins at 14 weeks of pregnancy
Authors: Eris Yalcin Serenat , Akkurt Mehmet Ozgur , Yavuz And , Yalcin Yakup , Sezik Mekin 
Published: October 2017

AbstractConjoined twins are extremely rare and are a type of monozygotic twins that occur due to an incomplete embryonic division on postconception day 13 to 15. Eight different types of conjoined twins have been described in the literature. Management of the condition depends on the site and extent of the union. We present a case of cephalopagus twins diagnosed at 14 weeks of gestation.
Systemic sclerosis impacts right heart and cardiac autonomic nervous system
Authors: Tadic Marijana , Zlatanovic Maja , Cuspidi Cesare , Stevanovic Ana , Celic Vera , Damjanov Nemanja , Kocijancic Vesna 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAimTo evaluate the influence of systemic sclerosis (SSc) on right ventricular (RV) remodeling by two‐ and three‐dimensional echocardiography (2DE and 3DE) and heart rate variability (HRV).MethodsForty‐five SSc patients and 35 age‐ and gender‐matched healthy controls underwent clinical examination, 24‐h Holter monitoring, and comprehensive 2DE and 3DE.Results2DE RV global and RV free wall longitudinal strains, as well as 2DE RV endocardial, mid‐myocardial, and epicardial longitudinal strains were lower in SSc subjects, who exhibited greater 3DE RV volumes but lower 3DE RV ejection fraction than controls. HRV indices were impaired in SSc subjects. These differences in RV global and free wall longitudinal strain, layer‐specific strains, and ejection fraction, were associated with HRV indices independently of demographic, clinical, and echocardiographic parameters. Modified Rodnan Skin Score, clinical indicator of skin involvement in SSc, was associated with HRV parameters, RV layer‐specific mechanics, and RV ejection fraction.ConclusionSSc affects RV function and mechanics of all myocardial layers, as well as cardiac autonomic nervous function. HRV indices are significantly associated with RV function, RV deformation, and skin involvement in SSc patients.
Recent developments in nanotechnology transforming the agricultural sector: a transition replete with opportunities
Authors: Kim Dae‐Young , Kadam Avinash , Shinde Surendra , Saratale Rijuta Ganesh , Patra Jayanta , Ghodake Gajanan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe applications and benefits of nanotechnology in the agricultural sector have attracted considerable attention, particularly in the invention of unique nanopesticides and nanofertilisers. The contemporary developments in nanotechnology are acknowledged and the most significant opportunities awaiting the agriculture sector from the recent scientific and technical literature are addressed. This review discusses the significance of recent trends in nanomaterial‐based sensors available for the sustainable management of agricultural soil, as well as the role of nanotechnology in detection and protection against plant pathogens, and for food quality and safety. Novel nanosensors have been reported for primary applications in improving crop practices, food quality, and packaging methods, thus will change the agricultural sector for potentially better and healthier food products. Nanotechnology is well‐known to play a significant role in the effective management of phytopathogens, nutrient utilisation, controlled release of pesticides, and fertilisers. Research and scientific gaps to be overcome and fundamental questions have been addressed to fuel active development and application of nanotechnology. Together, nanoscience, nanoengineering, and nanotechnology offer a plethora of opportunities, proving a viable alternative in the agriculture and food processing sector, by providing a novel and advanced solutions. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
The impact of short‐term UV irradiation on grains of sensitive and tolerant cereal genotypes studied by EPR
Authors: Kurdziel Magdalena , Filek Maria , Łabanowska Maria 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDUV irradiation has ionisation character and leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The destructive character of ROS was observed among others during interaction of cereal grains with ozone and was caused by changes in structures of biomolecules leading to the formation of stable organic radicals. That effect was more evident for stress sensitive genotypes. In this study we investigated the influence of UV irradiation on cereal grains originating from genotypes with different tolerance to oxidative stress.RESULTSGrains and their parts (endosperm, embryo and seed coat) of barley, wheat and oat were subjected to short‐term UV irradiation. It was found that UV caused the appearance of various kinds of reactive species (O2−•, H2O2) and stable radicals (semiquinone, phenoxyl and carbon‐centred). Simultaneously, lipid peroxidation occurred and the organic structure of Mn(II) and Fe(III) complexes become disturbed.CONCLUSIONSUV irradiation causes damage of main biochemical structures of plant tissues, the effect is more significant in sensitive genotypes. In comparison with ozone treatment, UV irradiation leads to stronger destruction of biomolecules in grains and their parts. It is caused by the high energy of UV light, facilitating easier breakage of molecular bonds in biochemical compounds. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
How to model temporal changes in nontargeted metabolomics study? A Bayesian multilevel perspective
Authors: Wiczling Paweł , Daghir‐Wojtkowiak Emilia , Yumba Mpanga Arlette , Szczesny Damian , Kaliszan Roman , Markuszewski Michał Jan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAnalysis of time series data addresses the question on mechanisms underlying normal physiology and its alteration under pathological conditions. However, adding time variable to high‐dimension, collinear, noisy data is a challenge in terms of mining and analysis. Here, we used Bayesian multilevel modeling for time series metabolomics in vivo study to model different levels of random effects occurring as a consequence of hierarchical data structure. A multilevel linear model assuming different treatment effects with double exponential prior, considering major sources of variability and robustness to outliers was proposed and tested in terms of performance. The treatment effect for each metabolite was close to zero suggesting small if any effect of cancer on metabolomics profile change. The average difference in 964 signals for all metabolites varied by a factor ranging from 0.8 to 1.25. The inter‐rat variability (expressed as a coefficient of variation) ranged from 3–30% across all metabolites with median around 10%, whereas the inter‐occasion variability ranged from 0–30% with a median around 5%. Approximately 36% of metabolites contained outlying data points. The complex correlation structure between metabolite signals was revealed. We conclude that kinetics of metabolites can be modeled using tools accepted in pharmacokinetics type of studies.
Developing a destination image through the perceptions of stakeholders: A case study
Authors: Rosa Paulo , Carvalhinho Luís , Soares Jorge 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis study relates to the management of recreation and tourism in protected areas (PAs) and reflects a case study developed in the Natural Park of Serras de Aire e Candeeiros. Through the perceptions of stakeholders, the objective was to contribute to the definition of this PA destination's image. Mixed methods were used, employing the triangulation of data and samples. We found a connection between tangible and intangible factors in the Natural Park of Serras de Aire e Candeeiros image, as well as the main factors that characterize this PA. We advocate that a more complete understanding of stakeholder profiles is an important aspect beyond processual features in defining destination image.
Lack of observed movement response to lead exposure of California condors
Authors: Poessel Sharon A. , Brandt Joseph , Uyeda Linda , Astell Molly , Katzner Todd E. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTLead poisoning is an important conservation concern for wildlife, and scavenging birds are especially at risk from consumption of carcasses of animals killed with lead ammunition. Because current methods to identify lead exposure require animal capture and blood collection, management would benefit from the development of a less costly and noninvasive behavioral test for illness in wild animals. We attempted to design such a test to identify lead exposure in California condors (Gymnogyps californianus) that we tracked with global positioning system (GPS) telemetry in southern California, USA, 2013–2016. We measured blood‐lead concentrations in tracked birds and expected that flight behavior would be influenced by lead exposure; thus, we measured the effect of blood‐lead concentrations on 2 different types of movement rates and on the proportion of time condors spent in flight. We found no effect of lead exposure on any of these 3 behavioral metrics. Our work suggests that the measurements we took of flight behaviors were not a useful tool in predicting lead exposure in the mildly to moderately exposed birds we studied. Wild birds are effective at hiding illness, especially condors who have a strong social hierarchy in which showing weakness is a disadvantage. However, focusing on behaviors other than flight, expanding the sample studied to include birds with a wider range of lead concentration values, or analyzing tissues such as feathers (rather than, or in addition to, blood) may be more useful for identification of lead exposure and other diseases that may limit wildlife populations. © 2017 This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.