bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chondrogenic Effect of Intra‐articular Hypertonic‐Dextrose (Prolotherapy) in Severe Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Topol Gastón Andrés , Podesta Leandro Ariel , Reeves Kenneth Dean , Giraldo Marcia Mallma , Johnson Lanny L. , Grasso Raul , Jamín Alexis , Clark Tom , Rabago David 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundDextrose injection is reported to improve knee osteoarthritis (KOA)−related clinical outcomes, but its effect on articular cartilage is unknown. A chondrogenic effect of dextrose injection has been proposed.ObjectiveTo assess biological and clinical effects of intra‐articular hypertonic dextrose injections (prolotherapy) in painful KOA.DesignCase series with blinded arthroscopic evaluation before and after treatment.SettingPhysical medicine and day surgery practice.ParticipantsSymptomatic KOA for at least 6 months, arthroscopy‐confirmed medial compartment exposed subchondral bone, and temporary pain relief with intra‐articular lidocaine injection.InterventionFour to 6 monthly 10‐mL intra‐articular injections with 12.5% dextrose.Main Outcome MeasuresVisual cartilage growth assessment of 9 standardized medial condyle zones in each of 6 participants by 3 arthroscopy readers masked to pre‐/postinjection status (total 54 zones evaluated per reader); biopsy of a cartilage growth area posttreatment, evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin and Safranin‐O stains, quantitative polarized light microscopy, and immunohistologic cartilage typing; self‐reported knee specific quality of life using the Western Ontario McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC, 0‐100 points).ResultsSix participants (1 female and 5 male) with median age of 71 years, WOMAC composite score of 57.5 points, and a 9‐year pain duration received a median of 6 dextrose injections and follow‐up arthroscopy at 7.75 months (range 4.5‐9.5 months). In 19 of 54 zone comparisons, all 3 readers agreed that the posttreatment zone showed cartilage growth compared with the pretreatment zone. Biopsy specimens showed metabolically active cartilage with variable cellular organization, fiber parallelism, and cartilage typing patterns consistent with fibro‐ and hyaline‐like cartilage. Compared with baseline status, the median WOMAC score improved 13 points (P = .013). Self‐limited soreness after methylene blue instillation was noted.ConclusionsPositive clinical and chondrogenic effects were seen after prolotherapy with hypertonic dextrose injection in participants with symptomatic grade IV KOA, suggesting disease‐modifying effects and the need for confirmation in controlled studies. Minimally invasive arthroscopy (single‐compartment, single‐portal) enabled collection of robust intra‐articular data.Level of EvidenceIV
Estudio de las unidades neurofuncionales del flexor carpi ulnaris y su utilidad en las transferencias tendinosas
Authors: Pérez M. , Español G.J. , Medina D. , Betancourt J.R. , Martí M.R. 
Published: April 2016

Objetivos: Este trabajo pretende documentar la inervación intramuscular del flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU), su vascularización, y su consecuente organización en unidades neurofuncionales. Así mismo, se discute la relevancia de dichas unidades en la realización de transferencias tendinosas de este músculo con su tendón dividido. Aunque en algunos centros ya se ha puesto en práctica la idea de dividir el tendón, hay pocos trabajos en la literatura que demuestren fotográficamente el sustrato anatómico subyacente.Material y métodos: Se tiñeron según la técnica de Sihler 6 FCU extraídos de cadáveres humanos criopreservados. Para estudiar su vascularización, en 5 de ellos se inyectó el árbol arterial con látex negro.Resultados: En todos los especímenes ambas cabezas del FCU se correspondían con dos unidades neurofuncionales que presentaban una inervación independiente (tipo iii de Taylor). Los 5 especímenes inyectados pertenecían a los tipos ii y iii de Mathes-Nahai.Conclusiones: La divisibilidad del músculo en 2 unidades neurofuncionales independientes con vascularización e inervación propia permite obtener 2 tendones transferibles a 2 músculos diferentes, optimizándose la transferencia.
The Effect of a Full Bladder on Proportions of Diagnostic Ultrasound Studies in Children with Suspected Appendicitis
Authors: Ross Marshall , Selby Sasha , Poonai Naveen , Liu Helena , Minoosepehr Shabnam , Boag Graham , Eccles Robin , Thompson Graham 
Published: April 2016

AbstractObjectivesWe examined the effect of a full bladder on proportions of diagnostic ultrasound (US) studies in children with suspected appendicitis. We also examined the effect of a full bladder on proportions of fully visualized ovaries on US in children with suspected appendicitis.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective health record review of children aged 2-17 years presenting to a tertiary pediatric emergency department (ED) with suspected appendicitis who had an ultrasound performed. We compared proportions of diagnostic US studies in children with full and sub-optimally filled bladders. We also compared proportions of ovarian visualization in females with full and sub-optimally filled bladders.Results678 children were included in our final analysis. The proportion of diagnostic US studies did not vary significantly between groups with a full (132/283, 47%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 38%-56%) or sub-optimally filled bladder (205/395, 52%, 95% CI 47%-57%)(p=0.17). Rates of ovarian visualization were higher in females with a full bladder (196/205, 96%, 95% CI 93%-99%) compared to those with a sub-optimally filled bladder (180/223, 81%, 95% CI 76%-86%) (p<0.01).ConclusionsAdministrators and clinical decision makers should consider removing routine bladder filling practice from current pediatric appendicitis protocols in males and in pre-pubertal females where ovarian pathology is not suspected. Selective bladder filling prior to US should be performed in females when ovarian pathology is suspected.
Disaster Medicine: A Multi-Modality Curriculum Designed and Implemented for Emergency Medicine Residents
Authors: Ngo Jessica , Schertzer Kimberly , Harter Phillip , Smith-Coggins Rebecca 
Published: April 2016

AbstractObjectiveFew established curricula are available for teaching disaster medicine. We describe a comprehensive, multi-modality approach focused on simulation to teach disaster medicine to emergency medicine residents in a 3-year curriculum.MethodsResidents underwent a 3-year disaster medicine curriculum incorporating a variety of venues, personnel, and roles. The curriculum included classroom lectures, tabletop exercises, virtual reality simulation, high-fidelity simulation, hospital disaster drills, and journal club discussion. All aspects were supervised by specialty emergency medicine faculty and followed a structured debriefing. Residents rated the high-fidelity simulations by using a 10-point Likert scale.ResultsThree classes of emergency medicine residents participated in the 3-year training program. Residents found the exercise to be realistic, educational, and relevant to their practice. After participating in the program, residents felt better prepared for future disasters.ConclusionsGiven the large scope of impact that disasters potentiate, it is understandably difficult to teach these skills effectively. Training programs can utilize this simulation-based curriculum to better prepare the nation’s emergency medicine physicians for future disasters. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:611–614)
‘Determination is negation’: The Adventures of a Doctrine from Spinoza to Hegel to the British Idealists
Authors: Stern Robert 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis article is a discussion of Hegel’s conception of the principle ‘omnis determinatio est negatio’, which he attributes to Spinoza. It is argued, however, that Spinoza understood this principle in a very different way from Hegel, which then sets up an interpretative puzzle: if this is so, why did he credit Spinoza with formulating it? This puzzle is resolved by paying attention to the context in which those attributions are made, while it is also shown that the British Idealists (unlike many contemporary commentators) were aware of the complexities in the Spinoza–Hegel relation on this issue. The paper also addresses some of the philosophical debates raised by this question, and the light it sheds on Hegel’s critique of Spinoza as a monist.
Hegel on Judgements and Posits
Authors: Martin Christian 
Published: April 2016

AbstractHegel draws a distinction between ‘judgements’ (Urteile) and ‘posits’ (Sätze). Judgements serve to explicate a unified subject matter, while posits do not. Because different forms of judgement are marked by specific combinations of logical constants with certain types of predicates, statements combining logical constants with predicates not ‘suited’ for each other cannot express judgements, but only posits. Current accounts of Hegel’s concept of judgement tend either to ignore or reject his conception of posits. This article shows that Hegel’s exclusion of a vast variety of well-formed statements from the realm of judgements contains a valuable insight rather than a flaw. It demonstrates that certain statements, even if correct, cannot contribute to the explication of a non-arbitrarily unified subject matter. Doing justice to Hegel’s notion of posit thus serves to motivate his general conception of judgement as well as his classification of particular types of judgement.
Exact coherent structures at extreme Reynolds number
Authors: Chini G. P. 
Published: April 2016

Exact coherent structures (ECS), unstable three-dimensional solutions of the Navier–Stokes equations, play a fundamental role in transitional and turbulent wall flows. Dempsey et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 791, 2016, pp. 97–121) demonstrate that at large Reynolds number reduced equations can be derived that simplify the computation and facilitate mechanistic understanding of these solutions. Their analysis shows that ECS in plane Poiseuille flow can be sustained by a novel inner–outer interaction between oblique near-wall Tollmien–Schlichting waves and interior streamwise vortices.
Droplet–turbulence interaction in a confined polydispersed spray: effect of turbulence on droplet dispersion
Authors: Sahu S. , Hardalupas Y. , Taylor A. M. K. P. 
Published: April 2016

The effect of entrained air turbulence on dispersion of droplets (with Stokes number based on the Kolmogorov time scale,$St_{{\it\eta}}$, of the order of 1) in a polydispersed spray is experimentally studied through simultaneous and planar measurements of droplet size, velocity and gas flow velocity (Hardalupaset al.,Exp. Fluids, vol. 49, 2010, pp. 417–434). The preferential accumulation of droplets at various measurement locations in the spray was examined by two independent methodsviz.counting droplets on images by dividing the image in to boxes of different sizes, and by estimating the radial distribution function (RDF). The dimension of droplet clusters (obtained by both approaches) was of the order of Kolmogorov’s length scale of the fluid flow, implying the significant influence of viscous scales of the fluid flow on cluster formation. The RDF of different size classes indicated an increase in cluster dimension for larger droplets (higher$St_{{\it\eta}}$). The length scales of droplet clusters increased towards the outer spray regions, where the gravitational influence on droplets is stronger compared to the central spray locations. The correlation between fluctuations of droplet concentration and droplet and gas velocities were estimated and found to be negative near the spray edge, while it was close to zero at other locations. The probability density function of slip between fluctuating droplet velocity and gas velocity ‘seen’ by the droplets signified presence of considerable instantaneous slip velocity, which is crucial for droplet–gas momentum exchange. In order to investigate different mechanisms of turbulence modulation of the carrier phase, the three correlation terms in the turbulent kinetic energy equation for particle-laden flows (Chen & Wood,Can. J. Chem. Engng, vol. 65, 1985, pp. 349–360) are evaluated conditional on droplet size classes. Based on the comparison of the correlation terms, it is recognized that although the interphase energy transfer due to fluctuations of droplet concentration is low compared to the energy exchange only due to droplet drag (the magnitude of which is controlled by average droplet mass loading), the former cannot be considered negligible, and should be accounted in two phase flow modelling.
A local analysis of the axisymmetric Navier–Stokes flow near a saddle point and no-slip flat boundary
Authors: Hsu P.-Y. , Notsu H. , Yoneda T. 
Published: April 2016

Tornadoes are one type of violent flow phenomenon and occur in many places in the world. There are many research methods that aim to reduce the loss of human lives and material damage caused by tornadoes. One effective method is numerical simulation such as that in Ishiharaet al. (J. Wind Engng Ind. Aerodyn., vol. 99, 2011, pp. 239–248). The swirling structure of the Navier–Stokes flow is significant for both the mathematical analysis and numerical simulations of tornadoes. In this paper, we try to clarify the swirling structure. More precisely, we performed numerical computations on axisymmetric Navier–Stokes flows with a no-slip flat boundary. We compared a hyperbolic flow with swirl and one without swirl, and observed that the following phenomenon occurs only in the swirl case: the distance between the point with the maximum magnitude of velocity$|\boldsymbol{v}|$and the$z$-axis changed drastically at a specific time (which we call the turning point). Besides, an ‘increasing velocity phenomenon’ occurred near the boundary, and the maximum value of$|\boldsymbol{v}|$was obtained near the axis of symmetry and the boundary when the time was close to the turning point in the swirl case.
Size-Dependent Geometrically Nonlinear Forced Vibration Analysis of Functionally Graded First-Order Shear Deformable Microplates
Authors: Ansari R. , Gholami R. , Shahabodini A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn this paper, a non-classical plate model capturing the size effect is developed to study the forced vibration of functionally graded (FG) microplates subjected to a harmonic excitation transverse force. To this, the modified couple stress theory (MCST) is incorporated into the first-order shear deformation plate theory (FSDPT) to account for the size effect through one length scale parameter, only. Strong form of nonlinear governing equations and associated boundary conditions are obtained using Hamilton's principle. The solution process is implemented on two domains. The generalized differential quadrature (GDQ) method is first employed to discretize the governing equations on the space domain. A Galerkin-based scheme is then applied to extract a reduced set of the nonlinear equations of Duffing-type. On the second domain, through a time differentiation matrix operator, the set of ordinary differential equations are transformed into the discrete form on time domain. Eventually, a system of the parameterized nonlinear equations is acquired and solved via the pseudo-arc length continuation method. The frequency response curve of the microplate is sketched and the effects of various material and geometrical parameters on it are evaluated.
Seasonal variations of glacier seismicity at the tongue of Rhonegletscher (Switzerland) with a focus on basal icequakes
Authors: DALBAN CANASSY PIERRE , RÖÖSLI CLAUDIA , WALTER FABIAN 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTFractured systems developing at the base of temperate glaciers play a significant role in the transport of subglacial water. Their influence on dynamics and hydraulics of glaciers and the seasonal alterations they experience during the hydrological year, remain however, poorly understood, as they lay beyond the reach of most conventional glaciological techniques. In this work, we investigate the seasonal evolution of glacier seismicity in the ablation zone of Rhonegletscher (Switzerland) and focus on basal fracture processes. To do this, we use seismic measurements performed between June 2012 and July 2013 and complementary measurements of surface motion and changes in melt water input inferred from degree day modeling. Results of a spectrogram analysis highlight predominant seismic emissions until end of October 2012 and from mid April 2013 in line with measured surface velocities, and indicate a rapid adaptation of the basal drainage system at initiation and end of the winter period. The analysis of icequakes emitted from two active regions shows that the basal events, due to opening and closing of cracks within fracture networks, persist after winter initiation, and points out the year-long preservation of the associated sources. In this regard, we deduce that basal crack networks aseismically evolve during the winter period.
The control of an uncharted pinning point on the flow of an Antarctic ice shelf
Authors: BERGER SOPHIE , FAVIER LIONEL , DREWS REINHARD , DERWAEL JEAN-JACQUES , PATTYN FRANK 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTAntarctic ice shelves are buttressed by numerous pinning points attaching to the otherwise freely-floating ice from below. Some of these kilometric-scale grounded features are unresolved in Antarctic-wide datasets of ice thickness and bathymetry, hampering ice flow models to fully capture dynamics at the grounding line and upstream. We investigate the role of an 8.7 km2 pinning point at the front of the Roi Baudouin Ice Shelf, East Antarctica. Using ERS interferometry and ALOS-PALSAR speckle tracking, we derive, on a 125 m grid spacing, surface velocities deviating by −5.2 ± 4.5 m a−1 from 37 on-site global navigation satellite systems-derived velocities. We find no evidence for ice flow changes on decadal time scales and we show that ice on the pinning point virtually stagnates, deviating the ice stream and causing enhanced horizontal shearing upstream. Using the BISICLES ice-flow model, we invert for basal friction and ice rigidity with three input scenarios of ice velocity and geometry. We show that inversion results are the most sensitive to the presence/absence of the pinning point in the bathymetry; surface velocities at the pinning point are of secondary importance. Undersampling of pinning points results in erroneous ice-shelf properties in models initialised by control methods. This may impact prognostic modelling for ice-sheet evolution in the case of unpinning.
Ordovician (middle Darriwilian-earliest Sandbian) conodonts from the Wuhai area of Inner Mongolia, North China
Authors: Jing Xiuchun , Zhou Hongrui , Wang Xunlian 
Published: April 2016

AbstractForty-two conodont species belonging to 26 genera, which span the middle Darriwilian to the earliest Sandbian interval, are documented from the Wolonggang and Hatuke Creek sections in the Wuhai area of Inner Mongolia, North China. This conodont fauna is dominated by cosmopolitan and widespread species and accompanied by several endemic taxa. Four conodont zones, theDzikodus tablepointensis,Eoplacognathus suecicus,Pygodus serra, andP.anserinusZones, and three subzones, thePygodus lunnensis,P.anitae, andYangtzeplacognathus foliaceusSubzones, are recognized. Because of its slope habitat, the conodont fauna of Wuhai area differs from the coeval faunas on the North China Platform, which reflect a shallower and warmer water environment, but is similar to the contemporaneous faunas in Baltoscandia, South China, and Tarim. Moreover, the studied sections share several stratigraphically diagnostic taxa with the counterparts of the North China Platform and Western Newfoundland, which makes it an effective link for biostratigraphic correlations both regionally and internationally. The stratigraphically regular occurrences ofSpinodus spinatus, a good index of a deep-water environment, represent aSpinodusbiofacies that agrees with the Ordovician paleo-tectonic regimes of North China.
A novel oxidative stress marker in patients with Alzheimer’s disease: dynamic thiol–disulphide homeostasis
Authors: Gumusyayla Sadiye , Vural Gonul , Bektas Hesna , Deniz Orhan , Neselioglu Salim , Erel Ozcan 
Published: April 2016

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the dynamic thiol–disulphide homeostasis as an oxidative stress parameter, using a newly proposed method, in patients with Alzheimer’s disease.MethodsIn total, 97 participants were included in the study. Among them, 51 had been diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease, and the remaining 46 were healthy individuals. Total thiol (–SH+–S–S–) levels and native thiol (–SH) levels in serum of each participant were measured. The amount of dynamic disulphide bonds (–S–S–) and (–S–S–) ×100/(–SH), (–S–S–) ×100/(–SH+–S–S–), and –SH×100/(–SH+–S–S–) ratios were calculated from these values. The obtained data were used to compare Alzheimer’s disease patients with healthy individuals.ResultsThe average total thiol and native thiol levels of patient with Alzheimer’s disease in the study were found to be significantly lower than those levels of healthy individuals. In addition, in the patient group, the –S–S–×100/–S–S+–SH ratio was found to be significantly higher, whereas the –SH×100/–S–S+–SH ratio was found to be significantly lower compared with healthy individuals. Total thiol and native thiol levels, dynamic disulphide bond amount, and –S–S–×100/–SH, –S–S–×100/–S–S+–SH, and –SH×100/–S–S+–SH ratios were not found to be correlated with mini mental state examination score or duration of disease.ConclusionRecent studies have shown that oxidative stress is the one of the molecular changes underlying the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. In this study, we have investigated the dynamic thiol–disulphide homeostasis in patients with Alzheimer’s disease, using a novel method.
Excessive red and processed meat intake: relations with health and environment in Brazil
Authors: Carvalho Aline Martins de , Selem Soraya Sant’ana de Castro , Miranda Andreia Machado , Marchioni Dirce Maria 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe aims of the present study were to verify the proportion of population that consumed more red and processed meat than the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) dietary recommendation, to estimate the environmental impact of beef intake and the possible reduction of greenhouse gas emissions if the dietary recommendation was followed. We used the largest, cross-sectional, population-based survey entitled the National Dietary Survey (34 003 participants aged 10–104 years). The usual meat intake was obtained by two food records completed on 2 non-consecutive days. The usual intake was estimated by the multiple source method. The environmental impact was analysed according to estimates of CO2 equivalent emissions from beef intake as a proxy for beef production in Brazil. The red and processed meat intake mean was 88 g/d. More than 80 % of the population consumed more red and processed meat than the WCRF recommendation. Beef was the type of meat most consumed, accounting to almost 50 %. Each person contributed 1005 kg of CO2 equivalents from beef intake in 2008, the same quantity of CO2 produced if a car travelled a distance between the extreme north and south of Brazil (5370 km). The entire Brazilian population contributed more than 191 million tons of CO2 equivalents, which could have been reduced to more than 131 million tons if the dietary recommendation was followed. The present study shows that the magnitude of the excessive red and processed meat intake in Brazil can impact on health and the environment, pointing to the urgency of promoting a sustainable diet.