bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Pyridines by Cyano[4 + 2]Cycloaddition.
Authors: POTTHOFF B. , BREITMAIER E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe 2‐ethoxycarbonylpyridines (IV) and (V) are prepared by cobalt‐catalyzed cycloaddition reactions of ethyl cyanoformate (II) and the 2‐alkyl‐1‐ethoxy‐1,3‐butadienes (I).
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Synthesis of Methyl (E)‐β‐Pyrimidinylacrylates.
Authors: WADA A. , YAMAMOTO J. , HASE T. , NAGAI S. , KANATOMO S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe reactions of the 5‐halopyrimidines (I) with methyl acrylate (II) under palladium catalysis yields the methyl (E)‐β‐pyrimidinyl acrylates (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Trimethylsilyl Esters of (ω‐(N,N‐Dialkylamino)alkanoic Acids.
Authors: VORONKOV M. G. , VVEDENSKII V. YU. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie (o‐Bromalkancarbonsäuren (I) reagieren mit Dialkylaminotrimethylsilan (II) und Methanol zu den Silylestern (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Chloromethyldimethylchlorosilane with Silicon Derivatives of Hydroxycarbamic Acid, Carbodiimide, and Ammonia.
Authors: SHELUDYAKOV V. D. , LEBEDEVA A. B. , SHUKYUROV A. KH. , KIRILIN A. D. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Trimethylsilylderivate der N‐ Hydroxycarbaminsäure, des Carbodiimids und des Ammoniaks (I), (V) und (VIII) reagieren mit Chlormethyldimethylchlorsilan (II) unter teilweiser oder vollständiger Umsilylierung.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of α‐Fluoroalkylphosphonates.
Authors: BLACKBURN G. M. , PARRATT M. J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe lithiated carbanion of the fluoromethylphosphonate (I) adds to a variety of aldehydes and ketones leading to α‐fluoro‐β‐hydroxyalkylphosphonates as (IIa)‐(IIc) with two new chiral centres and in the case of acet‐ or paraformaldehyde also or only to the α‐fluorovinyl derivatives (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Chloro‐Substituted Methyldichlorophosphines with Triethylorthoformate.
Authors: LIVANTSOV M. V. , PRISHCHENKO A. A. , LUTSENKO I. F. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Chlor‐substituierten Methyldichlorphosphine (I), (IV) und (VIII) reagieren mit Orthoameisensäuretriethylester (II) je nach Halogenierungsgrad zu den Phosphinsäureestern (III) und (VII) bzw. den Phosphonigsäurederivaten (V), (VI) und (IX).
ChemInform Abstract: Esterchlorides of Di‐ and Trichloromethanephosphonic Acids.
Authors: BLINOVA G. G. , LAVRENT'EV A. N. , MEL'NIKOVA L. N. , PANOVA L. A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Chlormethanphosphonsäuredichloride (I) bilden mit den Alkoholen (II) in Gegenwart von Triethylamin die Monoesterchloride (III).
ChemInform Abstract: On the Ternary Thiophosphoryl‐mercapto Ylide Tautomerism. Part 3. Synthesis and Structure of [(Diphenylthiophosphoryl)acetylmethyl]triphenylphosphonium Salts.
Authors: ALADZHEVA I. M. , LEONT'EVA I. V. , PETROVSKII P. V. , MASTRYUKOVA T. A. , KABACHNIK M. I. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAus dem Diphenylchlorphosphin (I) wird durch Umsetzung mit dem Acetylmethylenphosphoran (II) das Diphenylphosphin‐substituierte Phosphoran (III) hergestellt und mit Schwefel in das Thiophosphorylderivat (IV) übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: Acetylene‐Allene Rearrangement in Arbuzov Reaction of Dialkyl Esters of Phenylphosphonous Acid with Propargylic Bromide.
Authors: ABDULGANEEVA S. A. , ERZHANOV K. B. , SADYKOV T. S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBei der Umsetzung von Phenylphosphonigsäureestern (I) mit überschüssigem Propargylbromid (II) entstehen Gemische der Phosphinsäureester (III)‐(VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Stereochemistry of 1,2‐Oxaphospholanes. Part 8. Synthesis, Stereochemistry, and Ring Opening Reactions of Diastereomeric 3‐Hydroxy‐2‐methoxy‐5‐methyl‐1,2‐oxaphospholan‐2‐ones.
Authors: WROBLEWSKI A. E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAddition of dimethyl phosphonate to acetaldol (I) gives a mixture of the diastereomeric phosphonates (IIa) and (IIb).
ChemInform Abstract: Reactive E = C(p‐p)π‐Systems. Part 10. Preparation and Reactivity of Perfluoro‐ 3‐phosphapent‐2‐ene.
Authors: GROBE J. , SZAMEITAT J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe title compound (II) is prepared for the first time by thermal elimination of Me3SnF from the stannyl‐bis(perfluoroethyl)phosphane (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Bis(1,1,3‐trihydroperfluoropropyl)phosphorous Acid Derivatives with Carbonyl Compounds.
Authors: KONOVALOVA I. V. , BURNAEVA L. A. , KHUSNUTDINOVA E. K. , PUDOVIK A. N. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBis‐(trihydroperfluorpropyl)‐isocyanato‐phosphit (I) reagiert mit Benzil oder Phenylglyoxylsäureethylester (II) zu den 1,3,2‐Oxa‐azaphospholenen (III).
ChemInform Abstract: 1‐Aminodiazaphosphene, Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Bonding Properties, and Reactivity of a Derivative.
Authors: DRESSLER U. , NIECKE E. , POHL S. , SAAK W. , SCHOELLER W. W. , SCHAEFER H.‐G. + 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe amino dichlorophosphane (I) reacts with lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (II) producing the intermediate (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of Dimeric Acetylenes: An Unexpected Reaction of Acetylenic Selenides.
Authors: COMASSETO J. V. , CATANI V. , FERREIRA J. T. B. , BRAGA A. L. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe selenoalkynes (Ib)‐(Id) react with MCPBA to produce the dimeric acetylenes (IIb)‐(IId).
ChemInform Abstract: Evidence for Carbon ‐ Hydrogen ‐ Titanium Interactions: Synthesis and Crystal Structures of the Agostic Alkyls [TiCl3(Me2PCH2CH2PMe2)R] (R: Et or Me).
Authors: DAWOODI Z. , GREEN M. L. H. , MTETWA V. S. B. , PROUT K. , SCHULTZ A. J. , WILLIAMS J. M. , KOETZLE T. F. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe title Compounds (I) and (II) are prepared by reaction of the alkylated Ti(IV) chlorides TiCl3R in light petroleum with an excess or equimolar amounts of the diphosphine (at ‐ 15 to + 20°C).
ChemInform Abstract: Unusual Minicyclic Macrocyclic Sandwich Complex of Titanium(III) Containing Cyclopentadienyl and Tetramethyldibenzocyclotetradecane (C22H22N42‐) Ligands.
Authors: YANG C.‐H. , GOEDKEN V. L. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe titanium Chloride (I) is condensed with cyclopentadienyl sodium (II) to produce the mixed sandwich complex (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Characterization, and Crystal Structure of μ‐[1′‐Pyrrolidinecarbodithioato‐S(Bi1,2)S′(Bi2)]‐1,1,1,2,2‐pentakis(l′‐pyrrolidinecarbodithioato‐SS′)dibismuth(III) Ethanol (1/l)and of Di‐μ‐chloro‐bis[bis(1‐pyrrolidinecarbodithioato‐ SS′)(thiourea‐S)bismuth(III)].
Authors: BATTAGLIA L. P. , BONAMARTINI CORRADI A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe title Compounds (I) and (II) are synthesized by 1:3 molar reaction of BiCl3 and ammonium pyrrolidinecarbodithioate in CH2Cl2 ‐ EtOH, or by grinding of BiCl3 and thiourea (ratio 1:3) and reacting with an excess of the pyrrolidinedithioate in CH2Cl2‐ EtOH.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of (Chloro)η3‐2‐chloromethylallyl(bis‐acetonitrile)dicarbonylmolybdenum(II).
Authors: BAKER P. K. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe air‐ and thermally sensitive title complex (II) is prepared by the two‐step process shown and characterized spectroscopically (IR, 1H NMR).
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Studies of Paramagnetic Diene Complexes of Molybdenum(III).
Authors: DAVIDSON J. L. , DAVIDSON K. , LINDSELL W. E. , MURRALL N. W. , WELCH A. J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractReactions of the coordinatively unsaturated alkyne complexes (I) with butadiene, isoprene, or trans‐ 1 ,3‐pentadiene give the paramagnetic diene‐Mo(III) complexes (II) which are characterized by elemental analysis, IR and MS spectrometry.
ChemInform Abstract: Instant Ligands. Part 1. Preparation of Some Bidentate Fluorophosphine Ligands Derived from Straight Chain Organic Substrates, and Their Reactions to Form Molybdenum Complexes.
Authors: BELL G. A. , RANKIN D. W. H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe Compounds (II) are prepared by condensation reactions of S(PF2)2 with the appropriate dithiols and diols (I), and characterized by NMR and IR‐ spectroscopic data.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Di‐ and Tri‐metal Complexes with Bridging Carbene or Carbyne Ligands. Part 43. Carbon ‐ Tungsten Triple Bonds as Formal Font‐electron Donors; Synthesis and Reactions of the Compounds [FeW(μ‐CC6H4Me‐4)(CO)5L] {L: HB(pz)3 [Tris(pyrazol‐1‐yl)borate] or η‐C5H5} and X‐Ray Crystal Structures of [FeW(μ‐CC6H4Me‐4)(CO)5{HB(pz)3}] and [FeW(μ‐CC6H4Me‐4)‐(μ‐CO)(μ‐ Me2PCH2PMe2)(CO)2{HB(pz)3}].
Authors: GREEN M. , HOWARD J. A. K. , JAMES A. P. , DE M. JELFS A. N. , NUNN C. M. , STONE F. G. A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe carbyne‐W complex (Ia) reacts with Fe2(CO)9 to give the p‐tolylmethylidyne‐bridged Fe ‐ W complex (IIa).
ChemInform Abstract: Equatorial and Axial Ligand Effects in Square Planar Co(II) Complexes Catalysing the Oxidation of 1‐Phenylethan‐1‐ol to Acetophenone.
Authors: BECKETT M. A. , HOMER R. B. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractSquare planar Co(II) complexes of tetradentate ligands catalyse the Oxidation of secondary alcohols to ketones in the presence of an axial ligand Band O2.
ChemInform Abstract: Template Preparation of a Nickel(II) Pyridinophane Complex; Crystal and Molecular Structure of cis‐Dichloro{2,11‐dithia[3,3](2,6)pyridinophane}nickel(II).
Authors: CONSTABLE E. C. , LEWIS J. , MARQUEZ V. E. , RAITHBY P. R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe dimeric Ni(II) complex (I), prepared from hydrated Ni(II) sulfate and 2,6‐bis(mercaptomethynpyridine in the presence of aqueous NH; as a dihydrate, reacts with 2,6‐bis(bromomethyl)pyridine to give the macrocyclic cis‐dibromo complex (IIa).
ChemInform Abstract: Effect of Deprotonation of the Coordinated Water Molecule on Properties of Copper(II) Complex with Glycylglycine and H2O.
Authors: SATO M. , MATSUKI S. , IKEDA M. , NAKAYA J.‐I. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe properties of (I) in aqueous solution are studied using potentiometric titration, ESR spectroscopy, and polarography, to see the effect of deprotonation at the coordinated H2O. The deprotonated complex (II) was produced abopve pH 8 in solution, but was reduced only above pH 10.5.
ChemInform Abstract: Decomposition Reactions of Dimethyl‐di‐p‐methylene‐bis(η‐pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)dirhodium and Their Relation to the Mechanism of the Fischer‐Tropsch Reactions; the Formation of Propylene from Three C1 Ligands.
Authors: SAEZ I. M. , MEANWELL N. J. , NUTTON A. , ISOBE K. , VAZQUEZ DE MIGUEL A. , BRUCE D. W. , OKEYA S. , ANDREWS D. G. , ASHTON P. R. , JOHNSTONE I. R. , MAITLIS P. M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThermal decomposition of (I) at temp. from 275 to 375°C yields mainly methane and propylene with smaller amounts ofethylene(10‐20°C /o)and ethane (1‐3°C /o).
ChemInform Abstract: Reduction‐Oxidation Properties of Organotransition‐metal Complexes.
Authors: CONNELLY N. G. , RAVEN S. J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe 1:2 molar reaction of the corresponding transition metal carbonyls with C5Ph5Br (I) and Zn dust in THF leads to the neutral cyclopentadienyldicarbonyl complexes (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Spectroscopic, and Structural Studies of the Methylpalladium(II) Complexes [{PdMe(SMe2)X}2] (X: Cl, Br, or I); Crystal Structure of trans‐[{PdMe(SMe2)(μ‐Cl)}2].
Authors: BYERS P. K. , CANTY A. J. , ENGELHARDT L. M. , WHITE A. H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe reaction of the trans‐dihalo complexes (Ia), (Ib) with halide‐free LiMe leads to the corresponding title complexes (IIa), (IIb).
ChemInform Abstract: Metal Complexes of the Antibiotic Nalidixic Acid.
Authors: BARBA BEHRENS N. , MENDOZA DIAZ G. , GOODGAME D. M. L. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe Complexes (I)‐(IV) are prepared by reaction of corresponding metal salts with sodium salt of the title compound HL in stoichiometric ratios.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Platinum(II) Carboxylate Complexes with Tertiary Phosphines and Chlorinated Solvents.
Authors: ANDERSON G. K. , LUMETTA G. J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe reactions of the Pt(II) carboxylates (I) and (II) with . tert. phosphines are investigated by means of 31P 1H NMR spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbon ‐ Chlorine Bond Activation in 2‐Chloromethylallyl Complexes of Platinum(II).
Authors: KEMMITT R. D. W. , PLATT A. W. G. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTreatment of the Pt(0) complex (I) with 3‐chloro‐2‐chloromethylprop‐1‐ene (II) and KPF6 affords the n3‐(2‐chloromethyl)allyl‐Pt(II) complex (IIIa).
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Di‐ and Tri‐metal Complexes with Bridging Carbene or Carbyne Ligands. Part 45. Synthesis of the Pentanuclear Metal Complexes [M′M2Re2(μ‐CC6H4Me‐4)2(CO)18] (M′: Ni or Pt, M: Cr or W) and Related Compounds; X‐Ray Crystal Structure of [ReWPt(μ‐CC6H4Me‐4)(CO)9(PMe3)2].
Authors: JEFFERY J. C. , LEWIS D. B. , LEWIS G. E. , PARROTT M. J. , STONE F. G. A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe pentanuclear metal Compounds (II) are prepared by treating the binuclear alkyne Complexes (I) with Pt(C2H4)3 or Ni(COD)2.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Spectral Behaviour and Biological Activity of Benzoxazonyl‐(quinoxalonyl)benzfurano(indolo)quinoline Apocyanine Dyes.
Authors: KHALIL Z. H. , KORAIEM A. I. M. , EL‐MAGHRABY M. A. , ABU‐EL‐HAMD R. M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe benzoxazine or quinoxaline derivatives (V) are prepared as shown in the reaction scheme and coupled with (VI) to yield the benzofurano or indolo compounds (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Structure Elucidation of Two Triterpenoid Tetrasaccharides from Androsace saxifragifolia.
Authors: WALTHO J. P. , WILLIAMS D. H. , MAHATO S. B. , PAL B. C. , BARNA J. C. J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTwo glycosides called saxifragifolin A (Ia) and B (Ib) are isolated from the ethanolic extract of the small herb Androsace saxifragifolia.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselectivity of the Reaction of 3‐Keto Steroids with Potassium Superoxide.
Authors: ALVAREZ E. , FRANCISCO C. G. , FREIRE R. , HERNANDEZ R. , SALAZAR J. A. , SUAREZ E. , BETANCOR C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractKO2 oxidizes the cholestanone (I) to give the lactol (II) [which is ring‐opened on treatment with diazomethane or LiAlH4 to afford the ester (III) and the diol (IV), resp.], whereas oxidation‐methylation of the androstanone (V) under the same conditions leads to the oxo‐esters (VI) and (VII) in equal parts.
ChemInform Abstract: An Improved Method for the Synthesis of 2‐Acetoxysteroid‐4‐en‐3‐ones.
Authors: OHNISHI S. , OSAWA Y. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe 2‐acetoxy‐steroid‐4‐en‐3‐ones (III) and (IV) are obtained in a onestep synthesis by oxidizing the enones (I) with lead tetraacetate (II) in dry benzene.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of N‐Protected α‐Amino‐β‐dialkoxyphosphinyloxy‐ (diphenoxyphosphinyloxy)carboxylic Acids (Phosphate‐Group Esters of O‐Phosphorylated N‐Protected α‐Amino‐β‐hydroxyamino Acids).
Authors: PERICH J. W. , ALEWOOD P. F. , JOHNS R. B. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe N‐protected serines (I), threonines (IV), and tyrosines (VI) are readily phosphitylated by the dialkyl or diphenyl phosphorochlorides (II) in the presence of pyridine.
ChemInform Abstract: Building Units of Oligosaccharides. Part 73. Synthesis of the Tetrapeptide Sequence 12 to 15 of Asialoglycophorin A with Four Disaccharide Side Chains.
Authors: PAULSEN H. , SCHULTZ M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTo accomplish the synthesis of the title compound (IX), first the units (Ib), (Ic), (IVc) are prepared a) from the known compound (Ia) or b) from the components (II) and (III) via the azide (IVa) and the reduction/acetylation product (IVb), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a Morphinan from a Benzocyclobutene Derivative. X‐Ray Structure of 3,3‐Ethylenedioxy‐1,2,3,4,4a,10aα‐hexahydro‐6,7‐dimethoxyphenanthrene‐4aβ‐carbonitrile.
Authors: KAMETANI T. , SUZUKI Y. , HONDA T. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA stereoselective synthesis of a morphinan ring system is achieved by employing an intramolecular Diels‐Alder reaction of the benzocyclobutene derivative (III) to provide the tricyclic compounds (IV) with A/B cis ring junction.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of the New Acylating Agents [PhS(O)‐CH = C(OMe)Cl and PhSO2 ‐CH = C(OMe)Cl] to the Synthesis of Indole Alkaloids. A Total Synthesis of (±)‐Aspidofractinine.
Authors: KINOSHITA H. , OHNUMA T. , OISHI T. , BAN Y. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe application of the acylating agents (I) or (II) in the synthesis of the indole alkaloid (IV) is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Interaction Between Non‐Conjugated Chromophores. Part 26. Control of the Diels‐ Alder‐Addition Regioselectivity by Remote Olefins.
Authors: BURNIER G. , SCHWAGER L. , VOGEL P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe title compounds (II) and (VI) are prepared from (I) and (V) using procedure A); alternative methylenation methods fail to convert (I) to (II).
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile, Stereoselective Preparation of (Z)‐2,4‐Pentadienoates by Favorskii Rearrangement. Stereoselective Preparation of Methyl (Z)‐Cinnamates by Favorskii Rearrangement.
Authors: ENGLER T. A. , FALTER W. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe unsaturated ketones (I) are transformed into the tribromo derivatives (II) which react in situ with methylate to produce the isomeric esters (V) and (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: "Cross‐Coupling" of 2‐Chlorobenzothiazole with Benzothiazolylalkylmagnesium Bromide: Synthesis of Bis(2‐benzothiazolyl)alkanes.
Authors: BABUDRI F. , FLORIO S. , INGROSSO G. , TURCO A. M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Benzothiazole (I) kuppeln mit Z‐Chlorbenzothiazol (II) in Gegenwart von Butylmagnesiumbromid zu den Bis‐benzothiazolylalkanen (III) bzw. zu Gemischen aus (III) und deren Tautomeren (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Lithiation of 2‐Aminoquinoline Derivatives: Functionalization at the 3‐Position.
Authors: JACQUELIN J. M. , MARSAIS F. , GODARD A. , QUEGUINER G. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract2‐Pivaloylaminoquinoline (I) is selectively lithiated in position 3 and then converted to numerous 3‐substituted quinolines (III) by adding various electrophiles.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 3‐Deoxy‐3‐fluoro‐1,2:5,6‐di‐O‐isopropylidene‐α‐D‐glucofuranose.
Authors: ARGENTINI M. , WEINREICH R. , OBERTI R. , UNGARETTI L. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe crystalline compound (III) is synthesized as shown in the reaction scheme.
Incorporation of pig back fat in restructured dry cured ham to enhance the lipase and lipoxygenase activities
Authors: Hui Teng , Zhang Yawei , Jamali Muneer Ahmed , Peng Zengqi 
Published: May 2016

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of incorporating pig back fat in restructured dry cured ham (RDH) on the lipase and lipoxygenase activities. Fresh raw hams were skinned, boned, cut into meat cubes (4–6 × 4–6 × 4–6 cm). The meat cubes were restructured respectively with 0, 2, and 4% pig back fat paste into raw restructured ham. After 30 days of ripening, lipase activity in RDH was determined using a fluorescence spectrometer (λex = 350 nm, λem = 445 nm), the result was expressed as µmol of released 4‐methylumbelliferone per hour per gram protein. Lipoxygenase (LOX) activity in RDH was assayed in a 96‐Well Plate Reader M200, one unit of LOX activity was defined as an absorbance increment per minute per milligram protein at 234 nm. Results showed that exogenous pig back fat incorporation from 2 to 4% gave rise to the increased neutral lipase and LOX activities (p < 0.05), and the enhanced hydrolysis of neutral lipids and phospholipids, and production of free fatty acids, suggesting that exogenous pig back fat incorporation could improve the quality of RDH.Practical applications: Hams produced from genotypes with high intramuscular fat have more intense and persistent aroma, because intramuscular triacylglycerols are a good trap for most aroma compounds. However, traditional extensive feeding regime give rise to massive consumption of natural resource and this strategy is not always feasible because availability of natural resource is largely influenced by environment. The present work has provided a successful strategy to improve dry cured hams’ quality that incorporating exogenous pig back fat directly into raw ham from general confinement feeding, not through traditional extensive feeding, could increase the content of lipid, and enhance the neutral lipase and LOX activities in dry cured meat.Restructured dry cured hams (RDH) with different pig back fat levels were successfully manufactured. This work shown that large differences in the neutral lipase and LOX (Lipoxygenase) activities of RDH can be caused by the exogenous pig back fat incorporation. An increase in pig back fat level from 2 to 4% in RDH significantly enhanced the neutral lipase and LOX activities during ripening.
Influence of roasting temperature of pumpkin seed on PAH and aroma formation
Authors: Potočnik Tanja , Košir Iztok Jože 
Published: May 2016

Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) seed oil is an edible oil, a traditional product of eastern Slovenia, and is used for cold dishes, such as salads. After roasting at about 110°C, the pumpkin seeds are squeezed into dark green oil with typical flavor and aroma. During roasting, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can form. In this study, the aroma composition and PAH formation in oil samples from seeds roasted at different temperatures were determined. Seeds were roasted at temperatures ranging from 90 to 200°C. High‐performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection for PAH determination and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry for volatile compound determination were used. At 150°C, the formation of PAHs was detected. Light PAHs prevailed, especially phenanthrene. Increasing roasting temperature also significantly changed the composition of volatile compounds composition. Aldehydes and alcohols prevailed at low roasting temperatures. High temperature caused the formation of different pyrazines, which possess a roasted aroma.Practical applications: Results of this study provide information about the influence of roasting pumpkin seeds on their quality and safety. Data indicate which temperature to use to obtain a safe product, pumpkin seed oil that does not contain PAHs. Increasing roasting temperature is responsible for changes in the volatile compound composition. The aroma varies from green and fresh to roasted and burnt. The customer expects pumpkin seed oil to possess the typical aroma; thus the choice of temperature is essential. Results of this study can be applied at all pumpkin seed oil production sites and are transferable to other edible oils for which elevated temperatures are used during production.Thermal treatment – roasting of pumpkin seeds can cause polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon formation and significantly influences on aroma composition of pumpkin seed oil.
4‐Nitrophenol exposure alters the AhR signaling pathway and related gene expression in the rat liver
Authors: Li Ruonan , Song Meiyan , Li Zhi , Li Yansen , Watanabe Gen , Nagaoka Kentaro , Taya Kazuyoshi , Li Chunmei 
Published: May 2016

Abstract4‐Nitrophenol (PNP) is well known as an environmental endocrine disruptor. The aim of this study was to clarify the mechanism of PNP‐induced liver damage and determine the regulatory involvement of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling pathway and associated gene expression. Immature male Wistar–Imamichi rats (28 days old) were randomly divided into control and PNP groups, which consisted of 1‐ and 3‐day exposure (1 DE and 3 DE, respectively) and 3‐day exposure followed by 3‐day recovery (3 DE + 3 DR), groups. Each group was administered the vehicle or PNP (200 mg kg–1 body weight). The body and liver weight were significantly decreased in the 3 DE group. The mRNA expression levels of estrogen receptor‐α (ERα), glutathione S‐transferase (GST) and AhR exhibited a significant increase in the 1 DE group whereas, in contrast, that of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 decreased significantly in the 3 DE +3 DR group. AhR and CYP1A1 proteins were detected in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes of the 1 DE and 3 DE +3 DR groups whereas the ERα protein was found in the hepatocyte nuclei of the 1 DE and 3 DE groups. The present study demonstrates that PNP activated the AhR signaling pathway and regulated related CYP1A1 and GST gene expression in the liver. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.