bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Future of Reproductive Autonomy
Authors: Johnston Josephine , Zacharias Rachel L. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn a project The Hastings Center is now running on the future of prenatal testing, we are encountering clear examples, both in established law and in the practices of individual providers, of failures to respect women's reproductive autonomy: when testing is not offered to certain demographics of women, for instance, or when the choices of women to terminate or continue pregnancies are prohibited or otherwise not supported. But this project also raises puzzles for reproductive autonomy. We have learned that some clinicians and patients do not discuss the fact that prenatal testing can lead to a decision about whether to terminate a pregnancy—they just don't talk about it. And while the decision whether to agree to prenatal screening and diagnostic testing is to be made with women's free and informed consent, many screening tests have been routinized in such a way that some women do not even recall agreeing to testing, while others feel that agreeing to testing is what their clinicians expect of them or that the testing is necessary to protect themselves and their families from the significant financial hardship of raising a child with a disability. In the face of these pressures, can one really say that women are freely choosing to undergo testing or are freely choosing to continue or terminate a pregnancy following receipt of test results? The reality of these pressures is requiring us to consider expanding the scope of our investigation beyond the clinical encounter to the broader context—to think harder about what reproductive autonomy means and how best to enhance it.
A Call for Empirical Research on Uterine Transplantation and Reproductive Autonomy
Authors: Horsburgh Cristie Cole 
Published: December 2017

AbstractUterine transplantation could give women who suffer from uterine factor infertility the possibility of experiencing gestation. Much of the ethical discussion about uterine transplantation has focused on whether research on it should even be pursued, but researchers are nevertheless moving forward with several uterine transplant research protocols. Scholars should therefore already be identifying and engaging in an intimate examination of the ethical realities of offering uterine transplantation in a clinical setting. Given the potential for the procedure to expand reproductive options for women, reproductive autonomy has been a primary principle underlying much of the ethical discourse about the hypothetical impact of uterine transplantation. Yet the factors that will affect whether uterine transplants promote or undermine a patients’ reproductive autonomy if the procedure is integrated into clinical practice have yet to be rigorously explored. Focusing on the clinical realities of patient autonomy, I argue that empirical data exploring prospective recipients’ motivations and their perceptions of the benefits of the procedure in the context of their lived experiences are critical to a robust analysis of the ethical dimensions of uterine transplantation.
Volunteer motivation: A field study examining why some do more, while others do less
Authors: Cady Steven H. , Brodke Michelle , Kim Joo‐Hyung , Shoup Zachary D. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn nonprofit organizations, motivating volunteers for particular activities is challenging because they can take place in unstructured environments. Therefore, members are disengaged despite their initial commitment to the cause. An important opportunity in the literature is to examine motivation from the perspective of the volunteer; and, more specifically, to test for the differential impact that self‐efficacy, collective efficacy, and perceived organizational support have on three motivational outcomes: effort, performance, and satisfaction. Our focus is on volunteer motivation to support a specific event or project. Teasing out the impact of one's efficacious beliefs about their group at the individual level is an important contribution that has yet to be examined. Using data from 285 volunteers, results indicate that collective efficacy and perceived organizational support positively influence volunteer satisfaction. An important contrast we confirmed, unlike self‐efficacy and perceived organizational support, was collective efficacy's negative relationship to effort, which in turn affected performance. We were able to isolate the unique relationships, corroborating extant research with respect to self‐efficacy and perceived organizational support. As a result, the potential for spurious relationships was ruled out, adding credibility to the new findings.
Progress towards the United Nations 90‐90‐90 and 95‐95‐95 targets: the experience in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Lima Viviane D. , St‐Jean Martin , Rozada Ignacio , Shoveller Jean A. , Nosyk Bohdan , Hogg Robert S. , Sereda Paul , Barrios Rolando , Montaner Julio S G 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIntroductionAntiretroviral therapy (ART) scale‐up is central to the global strategy to control the HIV/AIDS pandemic. To accelerate efforts towards ending the AIDS epidemic, the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS released the 90‐90‐90 and 95‐95‐95 targets, which have recently been approved by the United Nations (UN). This study characterizes the province of British Columbia (BC)'s progress towards achieving the UN targets, predicts a trajectory up to 2030 according to each of the individual steps (i.e. %Diagnosed, %On ART and %Virologically Suppressed), and identifies the population sub‐groups at higher risk of not achieving these targets.MethodsThe analyses were based on linked individual‐level datasets of people living with HIV (PLWH) in BC, aged ≥18 months, from 2000 to 2013. Using past trends in HIV prevalence and of each individual UN targets, we forecasted these outcomes until 2030 via generalized additive models. We ran a second set of analyses to assess the associations between individual demographic and behavioural factors and each of the individual steps of the UN targets. Lastly, we performed sensitivity analyses to account for uncertainty associated with prevalence estimates and suppression definitions.ResultsAmong the estimated 10666 PLWH in BC in 2013, 82% were diagnosed, 76% of those diagnosed were on ART and 83% of those on ART were virologically suppressed. We identified that females, PLWH aged <30 years and those with unknown risk or who self‐identify as having a history of injection drug use were the population subgroups that experienced the most challenge in engaging on ART and achieving viral suppression. Our model projections suggest that BC will achieve 90%‐91%‐90% and 97%‐99%‐97% by 2020 and 2030 respectively.ConclusionsAs we approach 2020, BC is rapidly moving towards achieving the UN targets. However, region‐specific challenges persist. Identification of remaining regional challenges will be essential to achieving the proposed UN targets and therefore fulfilling the promise to end AIDS as a pandemic by 2030.
Trends in maternal deaths in HIV‐infected women, on a background of changing HIV management guidelines in South Africa: 1997 to 2015
Authors: Mnyani Coceka N , Buchmann Eckhart J , Chersich Matthew F , Frank Karlyn A , McIntyre James A 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIntroductionAs work begins towards the Sustainable Development Goal target of reducing the global maternal mortality ratio (MMR) to less than 70 deaths per 100,000 live births by 2030, much needs to be done in ending preventable maternal deaths. After 1990, South Africa experienced a reversal of gains in decreasing maternal mortality, with an increase in HIV‐related maternal deaths. In this study, we assessed trends in maternal mortality in HIV‐infected women, on a background of an evolving HIV care programme.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional, retrospective record review of maternal deaths in the obstetrics unit at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, in Johannesburg, South Africa, a referral hospital in a high HIV prevalence setting where the prevalence among pregnant women has plateaued around 29.0% for the past decade. Trends in HIV diagnosis and management in pregnancy, and causes of maternal deaths in HIV‐infected women were analysed over different time periods (1997 to 2003, 2004 to 2009, 2010 to 2012, and 2013 to 2015) reflecting major guideline changes.ResultsFrom January 1997 to December 2015, there were 692 maternal deaths in the obstetrics unit. Of the 490 (70.8%) maternal deaths with a documented HIV status, 335 (68.4%) were HIV‐infected. A Chi‐squared test for trends showed that the institutional MMR (iMMR) in women known to be HIV‐infected peaked in the period 2004 to 2009 at 380 (95% CI 319 to 446) per 100,000 live births, with a decline to 267 (95% CI 198 to 353) in 2013 to 2015, p = 0.049. This decrease coincided with changes in the South African HIV management guidelines, mainly increased availability of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Non‐pregnancy related infections were the leading cause of death throughout the review period, accounting for 61.5% (206/335) of deaths. Only 23.3% (78/335) of the women who died were on ART at the time of death, this in the context of advanced immune suppression and an overall median CD4 count of 136 cells/μl (interquartile ranges (IQR) 45 to 301).ConclusionIn this 19‐year review of maternal deaths in Johannesburg, South Africa, there was evidence of a decrease in the iMMR among HIV‐infected women, but it remains unacceptably high. Efforts to address drivers of mortality and barriers to accessing ART need to be accelerated if we are to see substantial decreases in maternal mortality.
Perceived mastery climate, felt trust, and knowledge sharing
Authors: Nerstad Christina G.L. , Searle Rosalind , Černe Matej , Dysvik Anders , Škerlavaj Miha , Scherer Ronny 
Published: December 2017

SummaryInterpersonal trust is associated with a range of adaptive outcomes, including knowledge sharing. However, to date, our knowledge of antecedents and consequences of employees feeling trusted by supervisors in organizations remains limited. On the basis of a multisource, multiwave field study among 956 employees from 5 Norwegian organizations, we examined the predictive roles of perceived mastery climate and employee felt trust for employees' knowledge sharing. Drawing on the achievement goal theory, we develop and test a model to demonstrate that when employees perceive a mastery climate, they are more likely to feel trusted by their supervisors at both the individual and group levels. Moreover, the relationship between employees' perceptions of a mastery climate and supervisor‐rated knowledge sharing is mediated by perceptions of being trusted by the supervisor. Theoretical contributions and practical implications of our findings are discussed.
Biomechanical tolerance of whole lumbar spines in straightened posture subjected to axial acceleration
Authors: Stemper Brian D. , Chirvi Sajal , Doan Ninh , Baisden Jamie L. , Maiman Dennis J. , Curry William H. , Yoganandan Narayan , Pintar Frank A. , Paskoff Glenn , Shender Barry S. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTQuantification of biomechanical tolerance is necessary for injury prediction and protection of vehicular occupants. This study experimentally quantified lumbar spine axial tolerance during accelerative environments simulating a variety of military and civilian scenarios. Intact human lumbar spines (T12‐L5) were dynamically loaded using a custom‐built drop tower. Twenty‐three specimens were tested at sub‐failure and failure levels consisting of peak axial forces between 2.6 and 7.9 kN and corresponding peak accelerations between 7 and 57 g. Military aircraft ejection and helicopter crashes fall within these high axial acceleration ranges. Testing was stopped following injury detection. Both peak force and acceleration were significant (p < 0.0001) injury predictors. Injury probability curves using parametric survival analysis were created for peak acceleration and peak force. Fifty‐percent probability of injury (95%CI) for force and acceleration were 4.5 (3.9–5.2 kN), and 16 (13–19 g). A majority of injuries affected the L1 spinal level. Peak axial forces and accelerations were greater for specimens that sustained multiple injuries or injuries at L2–L5 spinal levels. In general, force‐based tolerance was consistent with previous shorter‐segment lumbar spine testing (3–5 vertebrae), although studies incorporating isolated vertebral bodies reported higher tolerance attributable to a different injury mechanism involving structural failure of the cortical shell. This study identified novel outcomes with regard to injury patterns, wherein more violent exposures produced more injuries in the caudal lumbar spine. This caudal migration was likely attributable to increased injury tolerance at lower lumbar spinal levels and a faster inertial mass recruitment process for high rate load application. Published 2017. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. J Orthop Res 36:1747–1756, 2018.
Cruise passenger impacts on mobility within a port area: Case of the Port of Barcelona
Authors: Ros Chaos Sergi , Pino Roca David , Saurí Marchán Sergi , Sánchez‐Arcilla Conejo Agustín 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCruise tourism has grown rapidly worldwide over the past 30 years. This increase in cruise passengers has brought a set of economic, socio‐cultural, and environmental impacts. In a port context, it is reflected in mobility problems with long waiting times and queues. To assess cruise passenger impacts, a mobility analysis was performed. The results of this analysis demonstrate the importance of the disembarkation operation. Passengers have to be moved in short periods of time. It is vital to organize mobility and to have sufficient transport modes to move passengers to their inland destinations quickly, safely, and efficiently.
Efficient sparse representation algorithm for accurate DOA estimation of multiple targets with single measurement vector
Authors: Lee Seong‐Hyeon , Choi In‐O , Kang Min‐Seok , Kim Kyung‐Tae 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn order to rapidly achieve accurate direction‐of‐arrival (DOA) estimation of multiple targets using a single measurement vector (i.e., array signal vector), we propose a new efficient sparse representation algorithm based on the orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) using a step‐by‐step search approach. Regardless of the high mutual coherence of redundant dictionary (i.e., array manifold matrix), the optimal sparse solutions for DOAs of multiple targets can be yielded with a relatively low computational cost, as compared to the iterative local searching OMP method that is up‐to‐date. Several simulation and experimental results demonstrated that the proposed scheme is much more effective than the existing subspace‐based algorithms in a noisy environment and other sparse representation algorithms, even in actual measurement cases.
A 600 GHz varactor frequency multiplier using 65‐nm CMOS technology
Authors: Choi S.H. , Yi C. , Kim M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA terahertz frequency multiplier is fabricated using a 65‐nm CMOS technology. A modified model for an n‐type thin‐oxide varactor is also created from measured S‐parameter data sets around 300 and 600 GHz. The multiplier circuit produces −20.9 dB m of probe‐measured output power at 595 GHz, and its performance is in a close agreement with the simulated data proving the accuracy of the modified varactor model.
Silicon‐based technology: Circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna at ISM band with miniature structure using fractal geometry for biomedical application
Authors: Maity Santanu , Barman Kuheli Roy , Bhattacharjee Shankar 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis article presented a suitable antenna for biomedical implantation. This can be attached to biomedical devices to monitor health conditions. Combination of meander structure with slot and fractal geometry is embedded on a silicon substrate, and operates within the industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band. A suitable radiation pattern is obtained from the simulated and fabricated proposed antenna. A miniature antenna with a total size of 11.44 × 11.44 × 0.275 mm3 (with substrate) and 6.28 × 6.29 × 0.275 mm3 (without substrate) is designed and fabricated for suitable biomedical implementation. The antenna is fabricated on the 275 μm standard silicon substrate to make it be easily integrated with a biomedical device. The proposed antenna is optimized in a three layers tissue model. Simulations and measurements demonstrate that the antenna radiates in ISM band with skin mimicking environment. The measurement and simulation results show that the proposed antenna has a wide axial ratio bandwidth from 2.432 to 2.47 GHz.
A novel circularly polarized filtering antenna with high out‐of‐band radiation rejection level
Authors: Qu Meijun , Li Mingxing , Yao Lidan , Rao Menlou , Li Shufang , Deng Li 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn this paper, a circularly polarized filtering antenna with high out‐of‐band radiation rejection level is proposed. The entire design consists of a patch and a filtering feeding network, which are connected by metallic pins. First, a high‐selectivity filtering power divider is constructed utilizing two shunted bandpass filter. Next, a 90° phase difference could be realized by adjusting the length of the two outputs of the power divider. The measured transmission coefficient of the feeding network is 6.3 dB at 2 GHz. The measured axial ratio is below 3 dB within the operating band of the proposed antenna, which represents the effectiveness of the proposed feeding network. In addition, the obvious radiation nulls can be found from the antenna measurement because of the transmission zeros introducing by the filtering power divider. The measured gain is 5.73 dB at 2 GHz and decreases dramatically in stopband. Specially, the measured gain is −30 and −41 dB at 1.95 and 2.06 GHz. The proposed antenna has an excellent filtering characteristic compared with those without the filtering feeding network. To sum up, the proposed antenna and filtering power divider are promising in the modern wireless communication systems.
Evolution of terahertz dielectric permittivity of rubber during thermo‐oxidative aging
Authors: Chang Tianying , Zhang Xiansheng , Cui Hong‐Liang 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPolymer materials such as rubber and plastics are prone to aging induced degradation, especially thermo‐oxidative aging. In this paper, terahertz time‐domain spectroscopy was employed to investigate the aging process of styrene butadiene rubber by spectrally following the evolution of its dielectric permittivity in the terahertz frequency region during prolonged high‐temperature, accelerated, continuous thermo‐oxidative aging. The real and imaginary parts of the dielectric constant in the 0.1–0.8 THz frequency band were obtained and analyzed, and shown to be consistent with present theoretical understanding. The study revealed a close relationship between the evolution of the rubber's dielectric permittivity and the material's physical response to the terahertz electromagnetic radiation during thermo‐oxidative aging, manifesting a strong correlation between quantitative changes of the dielectric permittivity and the degree of aging, which can be understood qualitatively in terms of dynamical structural changes at the molecular level.
Metamaterial‐inspired series‐fed frequency reconfigurable array with zero‐phase CRLH interconnects
Authors: Ijaz Bilal , Khan M. S. , Asif S. M. , Anagnostou Dimitri E. , Braaten Benjamin D. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDevices with multiband wireless system capabilities have significantly benefited from the introduction of frequency reconfigurable antennas. However, much of the development on frequency reconfigurable antennas has been on single antenna elements. In this letter, a frequency reconfigurable series‐fed array is presented that has the benefits of broad‐side radiation at two different frequencies. The proposed antenna consists of four reconfigurable dipoles interconnected with reconfigurable zero‐phase composite right‐/left‐handed (CRLH) transmission lines (TLs). PIN diodes are then used to switch between the two measured frequency bands of 2.04–2.18 GHz and 2.44–2.58 GHz. The developed prototype presented here showed a near broadside radiation pattern in both switching bands and a maximum gain of 2.1 dBi was measured in both switching bands. It is shown that instead of meander‐line interconnects between the dipole elements, much more compact frequency reconfigurable CRLH‐TLs can be used.
Miniaturized optical fingerprint scanner incorporating an integrated encoding plate
Authors: Lee Yong‐Geon , Baek Seon‐U. , Lee Sang‐Shin , Son Geun‐Sik 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA compact optical fingerprint scanner (FPS) without a lens has been proposed and demonstrated using a plastic encoding plate that integrates an input and output routing mirror in conjunction with a platen. A beam originating from a vertical cavity surface emitting laser is projected toward the platen through the input routing mirror. Considering that the total internal reflection is inhibited at the ridges but takes place at the valleys, the projected beam can be spatially modulated by placing a fingerprint on the platen. The proposed FPS has been designed via ray‐optic simulations and was then constructed by creating an integrated encoding plate. The scanner could manifest the sweat glands of the ridges for an actual fingerprint.
An analytical design method for a novel dual‐band filtering DC‐block impedance transformer
Authors: Sun Shaopu , Wu Yongle , Jiao Lingxiao , Liu Yuanan 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn this paper, a dual‐band impedance transformer with filtering integration and DC‐block function is proposed for the first time. Excellent frequency selectivity is achieved by the dual‐narrowband filtering integration with two pairs of transmission zeros (TZs) at both sides of the dual passband. Using transmission‐line theory and even‐/odd‐mode analysis method, the design theory and equations are demonstrated analytically. Furthermore, the relationship between terminal impedance ratios and operating frequency ratios is analyzed, and arbitrary impedance ratios and frequency ratios can be obtained in the given constrained region. Based on a simple design flow, two examples with the same frequency ratio 1.9 but different terminal impedance ratios 1.2 and 1.6 are fabricated and measured for experimental validation. Good agreement between the simulated results and measured ones verifies the presented design method.
Dynamic calibration method of temperature sensor based on Quasi‐δ pulse temperature excitation
Authors: Li Yanfeng , Zhang Zhijie , Hao Xiaojian , Cheng Hang 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAiming at the existing problems in the dynamic calibration method of temperature sensor, Quasi‐δ pulse temperature dynamic calibration method is proposed. The Quasi‐δ pulse dynamic calibration principle was described, the characteristics of Quasi‐δ pulse function were analyzed, and the relationship among pulse width of Quasi‐δ signal, frequency range that can be calibrated, and calibration precision was obtained. Quasi‐δ pulse temperature dynamic calibration system was built using the laser as the heat source which generates the excitation temperature required for dynamic calibration. In the system, optical focusing system was designed using ellipsoidal mirror which has a better conjugate imaging property. Applying the dynamic calibration system, a K‐type armored thermocouple was calibrated dynamically, and mathematical model of the calibrated thermocouple was established by generalized least squares method based on a special whitening filter. Dynamic characteristics of the thermocouple in time domain and frequency domain were analyzed.