bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moral Philosophers as Ethical Engineers: Limits of Moral Philosophy and a Pragmatist Alternative
Authors: Martela Frank 
Published: January 2017

AbstractEver since Kant, moral philosophers have been more or less animated by the mission of discovering inescapable law‐like rules that would provide a binding justification for morality. Recently, however, many have started to question (a) whether this is possible and (b) what, after all, this project could achieve. An alternative vision of the task of moral philosophy starts from the pragmatist idea that philosophizing begins and ends in human experiencing. It leads to a view where morality is seen as a “social technology” that aims to make living together possible, and strengthens people's capability to live a good life within a society. The role of moral philosophy is, accordingly, to develop our moral tools further. Moral philosophers become ethical engineers who use their expertise in ethical topics to criticize existing “moral technology” and construct new concepts, tools, and theories that better answer the current challenges for living a good life.
High engagement, high quality: A guiding framework for developing empirically informed asynchronous e‐learning programs for health professional educators
Authors: Sinclair Peter M. , Levett‐Jones Tracey , Morris Amanda , Carter Ben , Bennett Paul N. , Kable Ashley 
Published: January 2017

AbstractE‐learning involves the transfer of skills and knowledge via technology so that learners can access meaningful and authentic educational materials. While learner engagement is important, in the context of healthcare education, pedagogy must not be sacrificed for edu‐tainment style instructional design. Consequently, health professional educators need to be competent in the use of current web‐based educational technologies so that learners are able to access relevant and engaging e‐learning materials without restriction. The increasing popularity of asynchronous e‐learning programs developed for use outside of formal education institutions has made this need more relevant. In these contexts, educators must balance design and functionality to deliver relevant, cost‐effective, sustainable, and accessible programs that overcome scheduling and geographic barriers for learners.This paper presents 10 guiding design principles and their application in the development of an e‐learning program for general practice nurses focused on behavior change. Consideration of these principles will assist educators to develop high quality, pedagogically sound, engaging, and interactive e‐learning resources.
A novel mutation conferring the nonbrittle phenotype of cultivated barley
Authors: Civáň Peter , Brown Terence A. 
Published: January 2017

Summary

The nonbrittle rachis, resulting in a seed head which does not shatter at maturity, is one of the key phenotypes that distinguishes domesticated barley from its wild relatives. The phenotype is associated with two loci, Btr1 and Btr2, with all domesticated barleys thought to have either a 1 bp deletion in Btr1 or an 11 bp deletion in Btr2.

We used a PCR genotyping method with 380 domesticated barley landraces to identify those with the Btr1 deletion and those with the Btr2 deletion.

We discovered two landraces, from Serbia and Greece, that had neither deletion. Instead these landraces possess a novel point mutation in Btr1, changing a leucine to a proline in the protein product. We confirmed that plants carrying this mutation have the nonbrittle phenotype and identified wild haplotypes from the Gaziantep region of southeast Turkey as the closest wild relatives of these two landraces.

The presence of a third mutation conferring the nonbrittle phenotype of domesticated barley shows that the origin of this trait is more complex than previously thought, and is consistent with recent models that view the transition to agriculture in southwest Asia as a protracted and multiregional process.
Mircea Cărtărescu en suédois
Authors: Lutas Liviu 
Published: January 2017

Dans cet article, nous analysons le phénomène de la réception d'un écrivain roumain en Suède, avec une attention particulière accordée au phénomène de la traduction et de l’éventuelle influence de cette traduction sur la réception. Il s'agit notamment du premier volume de la trilogie Orbitor de Mircea Cărtărescu, publié en 1996 et intitulé Orbitor. Aripa stângă en roumain, et traduit en 2004 en suédois comme Orbitór. Vänster vinge. Nous nous concentrons surtout sur le choix de la traductrice suédoise Inger Johansson en ce qui concerne la stratégie de rendre le texte transparent – le naturaliser – ou opaque – l'exotiser – pour le public suédois. Nous nous appuyons sur les discours théoriques sur les stratégies traductionnelles « sourcière » ou « cibliste », soulignant surtout les enjeux culturels et éthiques d'un choix entre celles‐ci. Pour ce faire, nous comparons la traduction suédoise avec les traductions en français et en anglais, afin de mieux pouvoir dégager une stratégie.
The Influence of Quality Inspections on the Optimal Safety Stock Level
Authors: Sonntag Danja , Kiesmüller Gudrun P. 
Published: January 2017

Due to yields of less than 50% during the production of curved glass for the displays on their new cell phone series, Samsung has to deal with higher than expected production costs of several million dollars. Where there is random yield, production costs as well as holding costs can be reduced by introducing quality inspections, in which defective items are discarded before further production. To achieve the greatest cost savings, it is important to determine the optimal number and positions of these inspections across the production process which, due to several influencing parameters, is not simple. We show how the positions of inspection within a production process influence the safety stock level that is required to buffer against uncertainties due to demand and yield randomness. Our approach is the first one, combining decisions about the number and positions of inspections with inventory control strategies in a warehouse. We achieve a maximum safety stock reduction of more than 30% in our examples, which can be even larger depending on the parameter setting. For a company like Intel, reporting inventories for finished goods of nearly 1.5 billion dollars in the 2014 annual report, this allows for significant savings.
Alteration of fatty acid chain length of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii by simultaneous expression of medium‐chain‐specific thioesterase and acyl carrier protein
Authors: Inaba Yu , Nakahigashi Kenji , Ito Takuro , Tomita Masaru 
Published: January 2017

SUMMARYBiofuel from fatty acids with chain lengths of 8–15 (C8–C15) have properties similar to those of conventional diesel and jet fuels, thus, can save time and reduce costs for the refurbishment of engines and maintenance of oiling facilities. Most oil‐producing algae yield C16–C18 fatty acids; however, the manipulation of algae using genetic engineering is a promising approach to obtain C8–C15 fatty acids. The introduction of a medium‐chain‐specific thioesterase (TE) is expected to effectively alter algae to produce medium‐chain fatty acids (MCFAs). TE is the main determinant of fatty acid chain length as it releases fatty acids from the acyl carrier protein (ACP) in the fatty acid elongation cycle. In a previous study, the introduction of heterologous C8–C12‐specific TEs into Chlamydomonas reinhardtii did not increase the yield of MCFAs. This effect was attributed to a low affinity of the heterologous TEs to C. reinhardtii ACP. Therefore, we introduced both the C10–C14‐specific TE gene and the ACP gene from the land plant Cuphea lanceolata into C. reinhardtii. We measured free fatty acids (FFAs) and triacylglycerols (TAGs) in the transformants using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. The production of C12:0 and C14:0, chain length 12 and 14 without unsaturation, FFAs was not significantly increased in any of the tested strains. However, we found a slight but significant increase in TAG‐containing MCFAs in both TE only and TE–ACP transformants. The increased production rate of C14:0‐containing TAGs ranged from 1.25‐ to 1.58‐fold, indicating the ability of medium‐chain‐specific TE to increase MCFAs. These results suggest that the selection of specific TEs is important when modifying eukaryotic algae to produce MCFAs.
Advances in culture and genetic modification approaches to lipid biosynthesis for biofuel production and in silico analysis of enzymatic dominions in proteins related to lipid biosynthesis in algae
Authors: Tamayo‐Ordóñez Yahaira J. , Ayil‐Gutiérrez Benjamin A. , Sánchez‐Teyer Felipe L. , De la Cruz‐Arguijo Erika A. , Tamayo‐Ordóñez Francisco A. , Córdova‐Quiroz Atl Victor , Tamayo‐Ordóñez Maria C. 
Published: January 2017

SUMMARYBiofuels have been shown to be a promising and highly attractive alternative for minimizing the use of fossil fuels, and microalgae have positioned themselves as potential candidates for production of lipids and other substances of commercial interest. We briefly review recent advances made in microalgae culture conditions and genetic manipulation for improving lipid yields for biofuel production – with both approaches showing similar yields of triacylglycerides, indicating that more work is required for improving lipid yield and accumulation in algae. Aiming at gaining knowledge of algae genetic manipulation and exploring future use of this information for modifying the lipid biosynthesis pathway, we investigated whether some characteristics of enzymes involved in lipid biosynthesis could relate to lipid yield and accumulation in algae. We made an in silico analysis of amino acid sequence of enzymatic domains and modeled tertiary structure of three proteins involved in the biosynthesis of lipids in microalgae: acetyl‐CoA carboxylase, Acyl‐CoA: diacylglycerol acyltransferase, and glycerol‐3‐phosphate acyltransferase. Our results suggest that, based on primary amino acid sequences and tertiary structure of proteins shared by certain algae, it is likely that these proteins may relate to lipid yield and accumulation, which makes bioinformatics a powerful tool for in silico study of proteins and for selecting genes involved in lipid biosynthesis that could be useful for heterologous transformation in algae with the long term objective of improving their yield, accumulation, and fatty acid composition by genetic engineering.
A high‐resolution reference genetic map positioning 8.8 K genes for the conifer white spruce: structural genomics implications and correspondence with physical distance
Authors: Pavy Nathalie , Lamothe Manuel , Pelgas Betty , Gagnon France , Birol Inanç , Bohlmann Joerg , Mackay John , Isabel Nathalie , Bousquet Jean 
Published: January 2017

SummaryOver the last decade, extensive genetic and genomic resources have been developed for the conifer white spruce (Picea glauca, Pinaceae), which has one of the largest plant genomes (20 Gbp). Draft genome sequences of white spruce and other conifers have recently been produced, but dense genetic maps are needed to comprehend genome macrostructure, delineate regions involved in quantitative traits, complement functional genomic investigations, and assist the assembly of fragmented genomic sequences. A greatly expanded P. glauca composite linkage map was generated from a set of 1976 full‐sib progeny, with the positioning of 8793 expressed genes. Regions with significant low or high gene density were identified. Gene family members tended to be mapped on the same chromosomes, with tandemly arrayed genes significantly biased towards specific functional classes. The map was integrated with transcriptome data surveyed across eight tissues. In total, 69 clusters of co‐expressed and co‐localising genes were identified. A high level of synteny was found with pine genetic maps, which should facilitate the transfer of structural information in the Pinaceae. Although the current white spruce genome sequence remains highly fragmented, dozens of scaffolds encompassing more than one mapped gene were identified. From these, the relationship between genetic and physical distances was examined and the genome‐wide recombination rate was found to be much smaller than most estimates reported for angiosperm genomes. This gene linkage map shall assist the large‐scale assembly of the next‐generation white spruce genome sequence and provide a reference resource for the conifer genomics community.
Western blot analysis of sera from dogs with suspected food allergy
Authors: Favrot Claude , Linek Monika , Fontaine Jacques , Beco Luc , Rostaher Ana , Fischer Nina , Couturier Nicolas , Jacquenet Sandrine , Bihain Bernard E. 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundFood allergy is often suspected in dogs with clinical signs of atopic dermatitis. This diagnosis is confirmed with an elimination diet and a subsequent challenge with regular food. Laboratory tests for the diagnosis of food allergy in dogs are unreliable and/or technically difficult. Cyno‐DIAL®is a Western blot method that might assist with the selection of an appropriate elimination diet.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo evaluate the performance of Cyno‐DIAL®for the selection of an elimination diet and diagnosis of food allergy.Animals/MethodsThirty eight dogs with atopic dermatitis completed an elimination diet. Combining the results of the diet trials and the challenges, 14 dogs were classified as food allergic (FA), 22 as nonfood‐allergic and two as ambiguous cases.ResultsAmongst all dogs and amongst dogs with a clinical diagnosis ofFA, 3% and 7% (respectively) were positive to Royal Canin Anallergenic®, Vet‐Concept Kanguru®or Vet‐Concept Dog Sana®; 8% and 7% to Hill's d/d Duck and Rice®; 8% and 21% to Hill's z/d Ultra Allergen Free®; 53% and 64% to Eukanuba DermatosisFP®; and 32% and 43% to a home‐cooked diet of horse meat, potatoes and zucchini. The specificity and sensitivity of Cyno‐DIAL®for diagnosing food allergy were 73% and 71%, respectively.Conclusions and clinical importanceAlthough Cyno‐DIAL®was considered potentially useful for identifying appropriate foods for elimination diet trials, it cannot be recommended for the diagnosis of food allergy. The Cyno‐DIAL®test performed better than some previously evaluatedELISA‐based tests.
Effect of semiquantitative culture results from complex host surgical wounds on dehiscence rates
Authors: Elmarsafi Tammer , Garwood Caitlin S. , Steinberg John S. , Evans Karen K. , Attinger Christopher E. , Kim Paul J. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe primary aim of this study was to determine the effect of positive bacterial cultures at the time of closure on dehiscence rates. Pre‐ and post‐débridement wound cultures from patients undergoing serial surgical débridement of infected wounds were compared with outcomes 30 days postoperatively. One‐hundred patients were enrolled; 35 were excluded for incomplete culture data. Sixty‐five patients were evaluated for species counts, including Coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CoNS), and semiquantitative culture data for each débridement. The post‐débridement cultures on the date of closure had no growth in 42 patients (64.6%) of which 6 dehisced (14.3%), and 36 remained closed; with no statistically significant difference in dehiscence rates (p = 0.0664). Pre‐débridement cultures from the 1st débridement of the 65 patients showed 8 patients had no growth, 29 grew 1 species, 19 grew 2 species, and 9 had 3–5 species. There was a reduction in the number of species and improvement of semiquantitative cultures with each subsequent débridement. The dehiscence rate for those who had 2 débridements (n = 42) was 21.4% at 30 day follow‐up and 21.7% in those who had 3 débridements (n = 23). The number of débridements had no statistical significance on dehiscence rates. The presence of CoNS on the day of closure was a statistically significant risk for dehiscence within 30 days (p = 0.0091) postoperatively. This data demonstrates: (1) positive post‐débridement cultures (scant/rare, growth in enrichment broth) at the time of closure did not affect overall dehiscence rates (p = 0.0664), (2) the number of species and semiquantitative culture results both improved with each subsequent débridement, (3) the number of surgical débridement did not influence postclosure dehiscence rates. (4) Positive cultures containing CoNS at the time of closure is a risk factor for dehiscence (p = 0.0091).
Late gestational intermittent hypoxia induces metabolic and epigenetic changes in male adult offspring mice
Authors: Khalyfa Abdelnaby , Cortese Rene , Qiao Zhuanhong , Ye Honggang , Bao Riyue , Andrade Jorge , Gozal David 
Published: January 2017

Key points
Late gestation during pregnancy has been associated with a relatively high prevalence of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA).
Intermittent hypoxia, a hallmark of OSA, could impose significant long‐term effects on somatic growth, energy homeostasis and metabolic function in offspring.
Here we show that late gestation intermittent hypoxia induces metabolic dysfunction as reflected by increased body weight and adiposity index in adult male offspring that is paralleled by epigenomic alterations and inflammation in visceral white adipose tissue.
Fetal perturbations by OSA during pregnancy impose long‐term detrimental effects manifesting as metabolic dysfunction in adult male offspring.
AbstractPregnancy, particularly late gestation (LG), has been associated with a relatively high prevalence of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Intermittent hypoxia (IH), a hallmark of OSA, could impose significant long‐term effects on somatic growth, energy homeostasis, and metabolic function in offspring. We hypothesized that IH during late pregnancy (LG‐IH) may increase the propensity for metabolic dysregulation and obesity in adult offspring via epigenetic modifications. Time‐pregnant female C57BL/6 mice were exposed to LG‐IH or room air (LG‐RA) during days 13–18 of gestation. At 24 weeks, blood samples were collected from offspring mice for lipid profiles and insulin resistance, indirect calorimetry was performed and visceral white adipose tissues (VWAT) were assessed for inflammatory cells as well as for differentially methylated gene regions (DMRs) using a methylated DNA immunoprecipitation on chip (MeDIP‐chip). Body weight, food intake, adiposity index, fasting insulin, triglycerides and cholesterol levels were all significantly higher in LG‐IH male but not female offspring. LG‐IH also altered metabolic expenditure and locomotor activities in male offspring, and increased number of pro‐inflammatory macrophages emerged in VWAT along with 1520 DMRs (P < 0.0001), associated with 693 genes. Pathway analyses showed that genes affected by LG‐IH were mainly associated with molecular processes related to metabolic regulation and inflammation. LG‐IH induces metabolic dysfunction as reflected by increased body weight and adiposity index in adult male offspring that is paralleled by epigenomic alterations and inflammation in VWAT. Thus, perturbations to fetal environment by OSA during pregnancy can have long‐term detrimental effects on the fetus, and lead to persistent metabolic dysfunction in adulthood.
Diltiazem prevents stress‐induced contractile deficits in cardiomyocytes, but does not reverse the cardiomyopathy phenotype in Mybpc3‐knock‐in mice
Authors: Flenner Frederik , Geertz Birgit , Reischmann‐Düsener Silke , Weinberger Florian , Eschenhagen Thomas , Carrier Lucie , Friedrich Felix W. 
Published: January 2017

Key points
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common inherited cardiac illness and can lead to diastolic dysfunction, sudden cardiac death and heart failure.
Treatment of HCM patients is empirical and current pharmacological treatments are unable to stop disease progression or reverse hypertrophy.
In this study, we tested if the non‐dihydropyridine Ca2+ channel blocker diltiazem, which previously showed potential to stop disease progression, can improve the phenotype of a HCM mouse model (Mybpc3‐targeted knock‐in), which is based on a mutation commonly found in patients.
Diltiazem improved contractile function of isolated ventricular cardiomyocytes acutely, but chronic application did not improve the phenotype of adult mice with a fully developed HCM.
Our study shows that diltiazem has beneficial effects in HCM, but long‐term treatment success is likely to depend on characteristics and cause of HCM and onset of treatment.
AbstractLeft ventricular hypertrophy, diastolic dysfunction and fibrosis are the main features of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Guidelines recommend β‐adrenoceptor or Ca2+ channel antagonists as pharmacological treatment. The Ca2+ channel blocker diltiazem recently showed promising beneficial effects in pre‐clinical HCM, particularly in patients carrying MYBPC3 mutations. In the present study we evaluated whether diltiazem could ameliorate or reverse the disease phenotype in cells and in vivo in an Mybpc3‐targeted knock‐in (KI) mouse model of HCM. Sarcomere shortening and Ca2+ transients were measured in KI and wild‐type (WT) cardiomyocytes in basal conditions (1‐Hz pacing) and under stress conditions (30 nm isoprenaline, 5‐Hz pacing) with or without pre‐treatment with 1 μm diltiazem. KI cardiomyocytes exhibited lower diastolic sarcomere length (dSL) at baseline, a tendency to a stronger positive inotropic response to isoprenaline than WT, a marked reduction of dSL and a tendency towards arrhythmias under stress conditions. Pre‐treatment of cardiomyocytes with 1 μm diltiazem reduced the drop in dSL and arrhythmia frequency in KI, and attenuated the positive inotropic effect of isoprenaline. Furthermore, diltiazem reduced the contraction amplitude at 5 Hz but did not affect diastolic Ca2+ load and Ca2+ transient amplitude. Six months of diltiazem treatment of KI mice did not reverse cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction, activation of the fetal gene program or fibrosis. In conclusion, diltiazem blunted the response to isoprenaline in WT and KI cardiomyocytes and improved diastolic relaxation under stress conditions in KI cardiomyocytes. This beneficial effect of diltiazem in cells did not translate in therapeutic efficacy when applied chronically in KI mice.
Factores relacionados con la permanencia estudiantil en programas de pregrado de una universidad pública
Authors: Parada Rico Doris Amparo 
Published: January 2017

<p>De acuerdo a cifras del Ministerio de Educación Nacional, Colombia posee una tasa de graduación en el nivel de formación universitario de 36%, no obstante los resultados en la educación superior son diversos en las diferentes regionales del país y las cifras de deserción son alarmantes. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo determinar los factores relacionados con la permanencia estudiantil en los programas de pregrado presencial ofertados por la Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander en la ciudad de Cúcuta durante el segundo semestre de 2014. La metodología utilizada fue la investigación cuantitativa, descriptiva, la muestra estuvo conformada por 271 estudiantes de último semestre. El instrumento utilizado es la encuesta “<em>Factores relacionados con la permanencia estudiantil en los programas académicos de pregrado presencial</em>”, diseñado por las autoras y validado a través de pruebas de contenido y confiabilidad, que demuestran un alfa de Cronbach de 0,938. Como resultados se halló que de los factores analizados (personales, socioeconómicos, institucionales y académicos), el que tiene mayor influencia con la permanencia estudiantil es el personal. Dentro de los aspectos evaluados en cada factor, se identificó como conclusiones que la motivación y el gusto por la carrera seleccionada, el método de estudio implementado, el aporte económico de los padres, trabajar mientras se estudia cuando se tiene un propósito claro, la calidad del programa académico, la metodología del docente y los servicios de biblioteca y cómputo, representaron alta influencia en la permanencia estudiantil.</p><p><strong>Palabras clave</strong>: Escolaridad; graduación; motivación; educación profesional. Fuente: Decs Bireme)</p>