bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MAGNETIC FIELD OF THE VELA C MOLECULAR CLOUD
Authors: Kusune Takayoshi , Sugitani Koji , Nakamura Fumitaka , Watanabe Makoto , Tamura Motohide , Kwon Jungmi , Sato Shuji 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
We have performed extensive near-infrared (JHK
s) imaging polarimetry toward the Vela C molecular cloud, which covers the five high-density sub-regions (North, Centre-Ridge, Centre-Nest, South-Ridge, and South-Nest) with distinct morphological characteristics. The obtained polarization vector map shows that three of these sub-regions have distinct plane-of-the-sky (POS) magnetic-field characteristics according to the morphological characteristics. (1) In the Centre-Ridge sub-region, a dominating ridge, the POS magnetic field is mostly perpendicular to the ridge. (2) In the Centre-Nest sub-region, a structure having a slightly extended nest of filaments, the POS magnetic field is nearly parallel to its global elongation. (3) In the South-Nest sub-region, which has a network of small filaments, the POS magnetic field appears to be chaotic. By applying the Chandrasekhar–Fermi method, we derived the POS magnetic field strength as ∼70–310 μG in the Centre-Ridge, Centre-Nest, and South-Ridge sub-regions. In the South-Nest sub-region, the dispersion of polarization angles is too large to apply the C-F method. Because the velocity dispersion in this sub-region is not greater than those in the other sub-regions, we suggest that the magnetic field in this sub-region is weaker than those in other sub-regions. We also discuss the relationship between the POS magnetic field (configuration and strength) and the cloud structure of each sub-region.
A Simple Implementation of the Semi-Lagrangian Level-Set Method
Authors: Shi Weidong , Xu Jian-Jun , Shu Shi 
Published: October 2016

AbstractSemi-Lagrangian (S-L) methods have no CFL stability constraint, and are more stable than the Eulerian methods. In the literature, the S-L method for the level-set re-initialization equation was complicated, which may be unnecessary. Since the re-initialization procedure is auxiliary, we propose to use the first-order S-L scheme coupled with a projection technique to improve the accuracy at the grid points just adjacent to the interface. Standard second-order S-L method is used for evolving the level-set convection equation. The implementation is simple, including on the block-structured adaptive mesh. The efficiency of the S-L method is demonstrated by extensive numerical examples including passive convection of interfaces with corners/kinks/large deformation under given velocity fields, a geometrical flow with topological changes, simulations of bubble/ droplet dynamics in incompressible two-phase flows. In terms of accuracy it is comparable to the other existing methods.
Nonlinear Vibration Analysis of Functionally Graded Nanobeam Using Homotopy Perturbation Method
Authors: Ghadiri Majid , Safi Mohsen 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn this paper, He's homotopy perturbation method is utilized to obtain the analytical solution for the nonlinear natural frequency of functionally graded nanobeam. The functionally graded nanobeam is modeled using the Eringen's nonlocal elasticity theory based on Euler-Bernoulli beam theory with von Karman nonlinearity relation. The boundary conditions of problem are considered with both sides simply supported and simply supported-clamped. The Galerkin's method is utilized to decrease the nonlinear partial differential equation to a nonlinear second-order ordinary differential equation. Based on numerical results, homotopy perturbation method convergence is illustrated. According to obtained results, it is seen that the second term of the homotopy perturbation method gives extremely precise solution.
A Simplified Lattice Boltzmann Method without Evolution of Distribution Function
Authors: Chen Z. , Shu C. , Wang Y. , Yang L. M. , Tan D. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn this paper, a simplified lattice Boltzmann method (SLBM) without evolution of the distribution function is developed for simulating incompressible viscous flows. This method is developed from the application of fractional step technique to the macroscopic Navier-Stokes (N-S) equations recovered from lattice Boltzmann equation by using Chapman-Enskog expansion analysis. In SLBM, the equilibrium distribution function is calculated from the macroscopic variables, while the non-equilibrium distribution function is simply evaluated from the difference of two equilibrium distribution functions. Therefore, SLBM tracks the evolution of the macroscopic variables rather than the distribution function. As a result, lower virtual memories are required and physical boundary conditions could be directly implemented. Through numerical test at high Reynolds number, the method shows very nice performance in numerical stability. An accuracy test for the 2D Taylor-Green flow shows that SLBM has the second-order of accuracy in space. More benchmark tests, including the Couette flow, the Poiseuille flow as well as the 2D lid-driven cavity flow, are conducted to further validate the present method; and the simulation results are in good agreement with available data in literatures.
Improving Academic Performance and Working Memory in Health Science Graduate Students Using Progressive Muscle Relaxation Training
Authors: Hubbard Kurt K. , Blyler Diane 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Research involving working memory has indicated that stress and anxiety compete for attentional resources when a person engages in attention-dependent cognitive processing. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of perceived stress and state anxiety on working memory and academic performance among health science students and to explore whether the reduction of stress and anxiety was achieved through progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) training. A convenience sample of 128 graduate students participated in this study. Using an experimental pretest–posttest design, we randomly assigned participants to a PMR group or a control group. Results indicated that PMR reduced state anxiety, F(1, 126) = 15.58, p &lt; .001, thereby freeing up working memory and leading to improved academic performance in the treatment group. The results of this study contribute to the literature on Attentional Control Theory by clarifying the process through which working memory and anxiety affect cognitive performance.
The Power of Authenticity
Authors: Lamb Amy J. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Occupational therapy practitioners can embrace the distinct value of occupational therapy by harnessing the power of authenticity in our daily practice. Practitioners, educators, students, and researchers being true to our core values, as well as the historical roots of the profession, will demonstrate how occupational therapy enhances clients' quality of life and positively affects their everyday lives. By harnessing the power of authenticity, we can drive the profession of occupational therapy into the future as practitioners with influence to meet the dynamic needs of health care and education systems.
Mixture model-based atmospheric air mass classification: a probabilistic
view of thermodynamic profiles
Authors: Pernin Jérôme , Vrac Mathieu , Crevoisier Cyril , Chédin Alain 
Published: October 2016

Abstract. Air mass classification has become an important area in synoptic climatology, simplifying the complexity of the atmosphere by dividing the atmosphere into discrete similar thermodynamic patterns. However, the constant growth of atmospheric databases in both size and complexity implies the need to develop new adaptive classifications. Here, we propose a robust unsupervised and supervised classification methodology of a large thermodynamic dataset, on a global scale and over several years, into discrete air mass groups homogeneous in both temperature and humidity that also provides underlying probability laws. Temperature and humidity at different pressure levels are aggregated into a set of cumulative distribution function (CDF) values instead of classical ones. The method is based on a Gaussian mixture model and uses the expectation–maximization (EM) algorithm to estimate the parameters of the mixture. Spatially gridded thermodynamic profiles come from ECMWF reanalyses spanning the period 2000–2009. Different aspects are investigated, such as the sensitivity of the classification process to both temporal and spatial samplings of the training dataset. Comparisons of the classifications made either by the EM algorithm or by the widely used k-means algorithm show that the former can be viewed as a generalization of the latter. Moreover, the EM algorithm delivers, for each observation, the probabilities of belonging to each class, as well as the associated uncertainty. Finally, a decision tree is proposed as a tool for interpreting the different classes, highlighting the relative importance of temperature and humidity in the classification process.
Is There a Flesh Without Body?
Authors: Falque Emmanuel 
Published: October 2016

This paper was originally presented at a colloquium on Michel Henry’s book Incarnation at the Institut Catholique Paris. Michel Henry’s response to the present study can be found in “À Emmanuel Falque,” in Phénoménologie et christianisme chez Michel Henry, ed. Ph. Capelle (Paris: Cerf, 2004): 168-182. This response was reprinted recently in Michel Henry, La Phénoménologie de la vie, vol. 5 (Paris: PUF, 2015).
Against African Communalism
Authors: Táíwò Olúfẹ́mi 
Published: October 2016

Communalism and its cognates continue to exercise a vise grip on the African intellectual imaginary. Whether the discussion is in ethics or social philosophy, in metaphysics or even, on occasion, epistemology, the play of communalism, a concept expounded in the next section, is so strong that it is difficult to escape its ubiquity. In spite of this, there is little serious analysis of the concept and its implications in the contemporary context. Yet, at no other time than now can a long-suffering continent use some robust debates on its multiple inheritances regarding how to organize life and thought in order to deliver a better future for its population. Given the continual resort to communalism as, among others, the standard of ethical behavior, the blueprint for restoring Africans to wholeness and organizing our social life, as well as a template for political reorganization across the continent, one cannot overemphasize the importance of contributing some illumination to the discourse surrounding the idea. This essay seeks to offer a little illumination in this respect. Additionally, it offers a criticism of what all—proponents and antagonists alike—take to be a defensible version of communalism: moderate communalism. I shall be arguing that communalism, generally, has a problem with the individual. And the African variant of it, mostly subscribed to by the African scholars discussed below and defended by them as something either peculiar to or special in Africa, has an even harder time accommodating the individual. Yet, as history shows, until the modern age in which individualism is the principle of social ordering and mode of social living, a situation that privileges the individual, above all, various forms of communalism never really accorded the individual the recognition and forbearances that we now commonly associate with the idea. The strongest variants of moderate communalism discussed here have a difficult time taking the individual seriously. I am not aware of anyone else ever having made such a case. These arguments are offered to show that (1) Africa and Africans need to take individualism seriously and (2) such have been the historical transformation that our diverse societies have undergone in the course of the last half a millennium that the types of communalism that are on offer do not appear to take this fact of radical change with the necessary urgency.
Evaluating of the Effectiveness of Television Advertisement of Life Insurance and Investing in Ma Insurance Company
Authors: Rahmani Nima 
Published: October 2016

Nowadays, corporates require purposeful and effective marketing activities to survive and sell their goods and services in this ever-growing competitive world. Marketing is an issue having a significant role in marketing process of a corporate and it is dedicated a huge amount of marketing budget. Measuring effectiveness can be implemented through considering three steps: advertising inputs (e.g. advertising intensity, advertising content, and advertising budget); mental processing of customers during and after the ads broadcast; and finally advertising outcomes (e.g. resulting change in sales, income, and profit). In addition to the measurement of ads effectiveness on the customers mind, in the present study the impact of such ads on the sales was also tackled based on the AIDA hierarchy of effects model. Four hypotheses were considered for testing the research model. After the reliability and validity confirmation by, respectively, Cronbach's alpha and content validity, 400 questionnaires were distributed amongst the customers of “Ma” insurance company in Tehran, chosen base on the simple random sampling. Due to the rejection of data normality hypothesis, two Wilcoxon non-parametric tests, namely sign test and signed-rank test, were used. After statistical tests, hypotheses 3 and 4 (i.e. ads effectiveness on individuals willingness and action) were rejected. Finally, following the interpretations of results obtained from data analysis, the practical recommendations were presented for corporates and advertisers.
Keck in Capital? Redefining ‘Restrictions’ in the ‘Golden Shares’ Case Law
Authors: Antonaki Ilektra 
Published: October 2016

Keck in Capital? Redefining ‘Restrictions’ in the ‘Golden Shares’ Case Law
The evolution of the case law in the field of free movement of goods has been marked by consecutive changes in the legal tests applied by the Court of Justice of the European Union for the determination of the existence of a trade restriction. Starting with the broad Dassonville and Cassis de Dijon definition of MEEQR (measures having equivalent effect to a quantitative restriction), the Court subsequently introduced the Keck-concept of ‘selling arrangements’, which allowed for more regulatory autonomy of the Member States, but proved insufficient to capture disguised trade restrictions. Ultimately, a refined ‘market access’ test was adopted, qualified by the requirement of a ‘substantial’ hindrance on inter-State trade. Contrary to the free movement of goods, the free movement of capital has not undergone the same evolutionary process. Focusing on the ‘golden shares’ case law, this article questions the broad interpretation of ‘capital restrictions’ and seeks to investigate whether the underlying rationale of striking down any special right that could have a potential deterrent effect on inter-State investment is compatible with the constitutional foundations of negative integration. So far the Court seems to promote a company law regime that endorses shareholders’ primacy, lacking, however, the constitutional and institutional legitimacy to decide on such a highly political question. It is thus suggested that a refined test should be adopted that would capture measures departing from ordinary company law and hindering market access of foreign investors, while at the same time allowing Member States to determine their corporate governance systems.
New narrow-range endemic land snails from the sky islands of northern South Africa (Gastropoda: Streptaxidae and Urocyclidae)
Authors: Herbert David G. 
Published: October 2016

One new genus and five new species of land snails are described from high altitude, insular, Afrotemperate forest habitats in northern South Africa. The distribution of these species is discussed in relation to other narrowly endemic land snails occurring in this and neighbouring regions. The new genus is Ptilototheca gen. nov.; the five new species are: Gulella davisae sp. nov., G. hadroglossa sp. nov., Ptilototheca soutpansbergensis gen. et sp. nov., Sheldonia monsmaripi sp. nov. and S. wolkbergensis sp. nov.
Rationale for Determining the Functional Potency of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Preventing Regulated Cell Death for Therapeutic Use
Authors: Naji Abderrahim , Suganuma Narufumi , Espagnolle Nicolas , Yagyu Ken-ichi , Baba Nobuyasu , Sensebé Luc , Deschaseaux Frédéric 
Published: October 2016

Summary
Mesenchymal stem (stromal) cells (MSCs) are being investigated for treating degenerative and inflammatory disorders because of their reparative and immunomodulatory properties. Intricate mechanisms relate cell death processes with immune responses, which have implications for degenerative and inflammatory conditions. We review the therapeutic value of MSCs in terms of preventing regulated cell death (RCD). When cells identify an insult, specific intracellular pathways are elicited for execution of RCD processes, such as apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis. To some extent, exacerbated RCD can provoke an intense inflammatory response and vice versa. Emerging studies are focusing on the molecular mechanisms deployed by MSCs to ameliorate the survival, bioenergetics, and functions of unfit immune or nonimmune cells. Given these aspects, and in light of MSC actions in modulating cell death processes, we suggest the use of novel functional in vitro assays to ensure the potency of MSCs for preventing RCD. Such analyses should be associated with existing functional assays measuring the anti-inflammatory capabilities of MSCs in vitro. MSCs selected on the basis of two in vitro functional criteria (i.e., prevention of inflammation and RCD) could possess optimal therapeutic efficacy in vivo. In addition, we underline the implications of these perspectives in clinical studies of MSC therapy, with particular focus on acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Barbeau, le photographe-enquêteur
Authors: Lahoud Pierre 
Published: October 2016

Marius Barbeau a mené plusieurs carrières de front : anthropologue des cultures autochtones, folkloriste en quête de chansons et de contes au Québec, communicateur diffuseur et commissaire d’expositions, muséologue et conservateur. Son legs est d’une richesse fascinante et exceptionnelle. On connaissait moins de lui le photographe de terrain qu’il a été et la grande qualité de son oeuvre photographique. À l’exemple de ces grands photographes qui nous ont apporté des témoignages extraordinaires et émouvants, Barbeau a parcouru le Canada à la recherche de scènes en voie de disparition. Mais au-delà du témoignage photographique, il émerge une photographie à la fois esthétique et documentaire dont il fallait rendre compte pour situer autrement ce grand homme dans l’Histoire. Pêcheur d’images représentant l’humain dans son quotidien, avec la patience du pêcheur qui l’a bien servi, Barbeau se souciait évidemment de la dimension humaine, mais il accordait aussi de l’importance au décor, qui donne un sens à l’image et la positionne ainsi dans le temps et l’espace.
Du sirop d’érable dans les veines. Acériculteurs et acéricultrices de la Beauce
Authors: Genest Bernard 
Published: October 2016

À l’été 2014, Louise Décarie et Bernard Genest ont rencontré une douzaine d’acériculteurs et acéricultrices de la Beauce dans le but de compléter leurs dossiers de candidature dans le cadre du Programme de valorisation des porteurs de traditions de la Société québécoise d’ethnologie (Sqe). Dans son article, Genest rend compte de ces visites effectuées auprès de producteurs confrontés à l’émergence d’une industrie qui progresse au rythme d’importantes avancées technologiques dans un contexte de mise en marché qui ne favorise ni le savoir-faire, ni l’origine du produit, ni ses propriétés pédologiques. Après une brève présentation des informateurs et de leurs entreprises, l’auteur invite à une réflexion sur le maintien de la pratique à travers le changement et sur l’avenir du sirop d’érable dans un marché mondial de plus en plus compétitif. Le défi ne serait-il pas d’en faire véritablement un produit du terroir emblématique du Québec et de ses régions ?
Optically pumped vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser at 374.9 nm with an electrically conducting n-type distributed Bragg reflector
Authors: Liu Yuh-Shiuan , Saniul Haq Abul Fazal Muhammad , Mehta Karan , Kao Tsung-Ting , Wang Shuo , Xie Hongen , Shen Shyh-Chiang , Yoder P. Douglas , Ponce Fernando A. , Detchprohm Theeradetch , Dupuis Russell D. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
An optically pumped vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser with an electrically conducting n-type distributed Bragg reflector was achieved at 374.9 nm. An epitaxially grown 40-pair n-type AlGaN/GaN distributed Bragg reflector was used as the bottom mirror, while the top mirror was formed by a dielectric distributed Bragg reflector composed of seven pairs of HfO2/SiO2. A numerical simulation for the optical mode clearly demonstrated that a high confinement factor was achieved and the threshold pumping power density at room temperature was measured as 1.64 MW/cm2. The achieved optically pumped laser demonstrates the potential of utilizing an n-type distributed Bragg reflector for surface-emitting optical devices.
Laboratory modeling of ionospheric heating experiments
Authors: Starodubtsev M. V. , Nazarov V. V. , Gushchin M. E. , Kostrov A. V. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractTurbulent plasma processes, such as those which occur in the Earth's ionosphere during ionospheric heating by powerful radio waves, were studied under laboratory conditions, and new physical models of small‐scale ionospheric turbulence are proposed as a result of these studies. It is shown here that the mechanism of small‐scale plasma filamentation can be connected with the thermal self‐channeling of Langmuir waves. During this process, Langmuir waves are guided by a plasma channel, which in turn is formed by the guided waves through a thermal plasma nonlinearity. The spectrum of the self‐guided Langmuir waves exhibits sidebands whose features are similar to stimulated electromagnetic emission. We present two mechanisms of sideband generation. The first mechanism can be observed during the formation of the plasma channel and is connected with the parametric shift in the frequency of the self‐channeling wave. The second mechanism is connected with the scattering of the self‐channeling wave on the low‐frequency eigenmodes of the plasma irregularity.
What do people think when they think about solar geoengineering? A review of empirical social science literature, and prospects for future research
Authors: Burns Elizabeth T. , Flegal Jane A. , Keith David W. , Mahajan Aseem , Tingley Dustin , Wagner Gernot 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPublic views and values about solar geoengineering should be incorporated in science‐policy decisions, if decision makers want to act in the public interest. In reflecting on the past decade of research, we review around 30 studies investigating public familiarity with, and views about, solar geoengineering. A number of recurring patterns emerge: (1) general unfamiliarity with geoengineering among publics; (2) the importance of artifice versus naturalness; (3) some conditional support for certain kinds of research; and (4) nuanced findings on the “moral hazard” and “reverse moral hazard” hypotheses, with empirical support for each appearing under different circumstances and populations. We argue that in the coming decade, empirical social science research on solar geoengineering will be crucial, and should be integrated with physical scientific research.