bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large language models for abstract screening in systematic- and scoping reviews: A diagnostic test accuracy study
Authors: Krag Christian Hedeager , Balschmidt Trine , Bruun Frederik , Brejnebøl Mathias , Xu Jack Junchi , Boesen Mikael , Andersen Michael Brun , Müller Felix Christoph 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionWe investigated if large language models (LLMs) can be used for abstract screening in systematic- and scoping reviews.MethodsTwo broad reviews were designed: a systematic review structured according to the PRISMA guideline with abstract inclusion based on PICO criteria; and a scoping review, where we defined abstract characteristics and features of interest to look for. For both reviews 500 abstracts were sampled. Two readers independently screened abstracts with disagreements handled with arbitrations or consensus, which served as the reference standard. The abstracts were analysed by six LLMs (GPT-4o, GPT-4T, GPT-3.5, Claude3-Opus, Claude3-Sonnet, and Claude3-Haiku). Primary outcomes were diagnostic test accuracy measures for abstract inclusion, abstract characterisation and feature of interest detection. Secondary outcome was the degree of automation using LLMs as a function of the error rate.ResultsIn the systematic review 12 studies were marked asincludeby the human consensus. GPT-4o, GPT-4T, and Claude3-Opus achieved the highest accuracies (97% to 98%) comparable to the human readers (96% and 98%), although sensitivity was low (33% to 50%). In the scoping review 130 features of interest were present and the LLMs achieved sensitivities between 74-84%, comparable to the human readers (73% and 86%). The specificity of GPT-4o (98%) and GPT-4T (>99%) greatly surpassed the other LLMs (between 33% and 93%). For abstract characterization all LLMs achieved above 95% accuracy for language, manuscript type and study participant characterisation. For characterisation of disease-specific features only GPT-4T and GPT-4o showed very high accuracy. For abstract inclusion the highest automation rate (91%) at the lowest error rate (8%) was achieved by use of two LLMs with disagreement solved by human arbitration. An LLM pre screening before human abstract screening achieved an automation rate of 55% with no missed abstracts.ConclusionAbstract characterisation and specific feature of interest detection with LLMs is feasible and accurate with GPT-4o and GPT-4T. The majority of abstract screenings for systematic reviews can be automated with use of LLMs, at low error rates.
Atherosclerotic fibrous plaques in females are characterized by endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition and linked to smoking
Authors: Sakkers Tim R. , Mili Eloi , Meteva Denitsa , Wesseling Marian , Kapteijn Daniek , Mol Barend M. , de Borst Gert J. , de Kleijn Dominique P.V. , van der Laan Sander W. , Civelek Mete , Mayr Manuel , Pasterkamp Gerard , Mokry Michal , Benavente Ernest Diez , den Ruijter Hester M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundSex and plaque histology are intertwined, with fibrous atherosclerotic plaques being more prevalent in women and pointing to general smooth muscle cell plasticity and estrogen signaling. Plaque erosion, a significant contributor to acute coronary syndromes (ACSs), is linked to fibrous plaques and is more prevalent in women as compared to men. We hypothesize that the molecular drivers of histologically determined fibrous plaques differ between men and women.MethodsHuman end-stage atherosclerotic plaques were isolated from consecutive patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy and were included in the Athero-Express biobank. Fibrous plaques from both female and male patients were histologically assessed and further processed to obtain protein, bulk RNA, single-cell RNA and DNA methylation data. We leveraged sex-differential expression and deconvolution analyses to uncover sex-biased molecular mechanisms and cellular dynamics which were experimentally validated using an EndMT in vitro model.ResultsOut of 1,889 atherosclerotic plaques (1,309 male and 580 female), fibrous lesions were observed in 50% of female (n=290) and 31% of male patients (n=416). Compared to patients with atheromatous plaques (n=494), women with fibrous plaques exhibited a higher prevalence of smoking (41% vs. 33%), while men with fibrous plaques presented more often with diabetes (29% vs. 20%). Transcriptional and proteomic phenotyping highlighted more immune-dependent and inflammatory processes in male fibrous plaques. Genes and proteins with higher abundance in female fibrous plaques pointed to endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) and extracellular matrix remodelling. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we identified a dominant role of endothelial and smooth muscle cells in female plaques, and more macrophages in males. Finally, at the cellular level, we show that sex - specific, smoking-mediated promoter methylation changes may explain these differences.ConclusionsPatients with end-stage fibrous atherosclerotic plaques have a distinct clinical profile, with men more often having diabetes and women more often smoking. This clinical profile associates with sex differences that point to different cellular and molecular compositions of fibrous plaques. These mechanisms might be candidate pathways to understand plaque erosion from a molecular point of view and may provide promising targets for atherosclerosis therapies, as they account for the sex-specific differences in plaque phenotype.Graphical abstract
The effects of an abundance of natural resources on the healthcare industry: The global evidence
Authors: Katircioglu Setareh 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe current study investigates the effects of an abundance of natural resources on the healthcare industry worldwide. Various natural resources proxies such as rents for coal, mineral, natural gas, and oil are used and analyzed by using a quarterly datasets for the period 2000:Q1–2020:Q4. Results from regional and income group datasets show that various forms of natural resources abundance around the globe exert statistically significant, but a mix of positive and adverse effects on the healthcare sector. Results also reveal that changes in and shocks given to natural resources precede significant changes in the healthcare sector in general. This study advises that countries need to achieve careful resource management, open governance, and economic diversification top priority in order to lessen reliance on a single resource and mitigate any negative effects. Further implications are provided at the end of this study.
Tissue ontogeny and chemical composition influence bacterial biodiversity in the wood and shoot tip of Populus nigra
Authors: Bose T. , Mahomed T. G. , Mbatha K. C. , Joubert J. C. , Hammerbacher A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Plant–microbe interactions significantly influence plant growth dynamics and adaptability. This study explores the impact of metabolites on microbial biodiversity in shoot tips and wood of Populus nigra under greenhouse conditions, using high‐throughput sequencing and metabolite profiling.
Branches from P. nigra were harvested, rooted, and transplanted into pots for growth. After 3 months, tissue samples from shoot tips and wood were collected, and metabolites extracted and analysed using GC‐MS and LC‐MS. Genomic DNA was extracted and subjected to high‐throughput sequencing for bacterial biodiversity profiling. Both datasets were analysed using bioinformatic and statistical pipelines.
Metabolite profiling indicated that shoot tips had a higher relative abundance of primary and secondary metabolites, including sugars, fatty acids, organic acids, phenolic acid derivatives and salicinoids, while wood was enriched in flavonoids. Bacterial biodiversity also differed significantly between these tissues, with Clostridiales, Bacteroidales and Bacillales dominating in shoot tips, associated with rapid growth and anaerobic fermentation, while wood tissues were characterized by diazotrophs from Rhizobiales, Sphingomonadales and Frankiales. PCoA clustering confirmed tissue‐specific microbial differences. Functional analysis revealed an enrichment of fundamental cellular processes in shoot tips, while wood exhibited pathways related to degradation and mortality.
Metabolite profiling revealed significant variations in primary and secondary metabolites, highlighting their influence on microbial biodiversity across plant tissues. The dominance of specific bacterial orders and distinct functional pathways in each tissue suggests a tailored microbial response to the unique environments of shoot tips and wood.
Conservatism in response to rising universalism? Linking individuals' conservation values, right‐wing attitudes, and nationalism to perceived prevalence of universalism among fellow citizens
Authors: Rupar Mirjana , Kołeczek Maryna , Jamróz‐Dolińska Katarzyna , Sekerdej Maciej 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIncreased openness and tolerance have marked the twenty‐first century, yet recent years witnessed a decline marked by nationalist movements and reduced support for diversity. We explore the potential link between these two societal changes by examining the association between the perception of universalism values in society and the endorsement of conservation values, right‐wing political attitudes, and nationalism in Poland. Across six correlational studies (total N = 2644), perception of the prevalence of universalism values in fellow citizens was positively linked to one's endorsement of conservation values, right‐wing political attitudes, and nationalism. These links were (a) stronger when participants believed that a considerable part of society still supported conservation values and (b) underlined by a greater perception of the threat posed by universalism values to the traditional way of living. The experimental results (N = 307) did not support causal link between these links but only the underlying role of perceiving a threat from universalism to society, particularly when participants perceived high universalism and conservation values in others. However, this effect was observed only when controlling for one's endorsement of conservation values and the perception of threat from conservation values.
Relationship between the albumin-corrected anion gap and short-term prognosis among patients with cardiogenic shock: a retrospective analysis of the MIMIC-IV and eICU databases
Authors: Wang Yuxing , Tao Yuhang , Yuan Ming , Yu Pengcheng , Zhang Kai , Ying Hangying , Jiang Ruhong 
Published: October 2024

ObjectivesWe aimed to investigate the association between the albumin-corrected anion gap (ACAG) and the prognosis of cardiogenic shock (CS).DesignA multicentre retrospective cohort study.SettingData were collected from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC-IV) and eICU Collaborative Research Database (eICU-CRD) datasets.Participants808 and 700 individuals from the MIMIC-IV and eICU-CRD, respectively, who were diagnosed with CS.Primary and secondary outcomesThe primary endpoint was short-term all-cause mortality, including intensive care unit (ICU), in-hospital and 28-day mortality. The secondary endpoints were the 28-day free from the ICU duration and the length of ICU stay.ResultsCS patients were divided into two groups according to the admission ACAG value: the normal ACAG group (≤20 mmol/L) and the high ACAG group (> 20 mmol/L). CS patients with higher ACAG values exhibited increased short-term all-cause mortality rates, including ICU mortality (MIMIC-IV cohort: adjusted HR: 1.43, 95% CI=1.05–1.93, p=0.022; eICU-CRD cohort: adjusted HR: 1.38, 95% CI=1.02–1.86, p=0.036), in-hospital mortality (MIMIC-IV cohort: adjusted HR: 1.31, 95% CI=1.01–1.71, p=0.03; eICU-CRD cohort: adjusted HR: 1.47, 95% CI=1.12–1.94, p=0.006) and 28-day mortality (adjusted HR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.11 to 1.83, p=0.007). A positive linear correlation was observed between the ACAG value and short-term mortality rates via restricted cubic splines. Compared with the AG, the ACAG presented a larger area under the curve for short-term mortality prediction. In addition, the duration of intensive care was longer, whereas the 28-day free from the ICU duration was shorter in patients with a higher ACAG value in both cohorts.ConclusionThe ACAG value was independently and strongly associated with the prognosis of patients with CS, indicating that the ACAG value is superior to the conventional AG value.
Cohort profile: Understanding the influence of early life environments and health and social service system contacts over time and across generations through the Western Australian Aboriginal Child Health Survey (WAACHS) Linked Data Study
Authors: Mitrou Francis , Milroy Helen , Coffin Juli , Hamilton Sharynne L , Brennan-Jones Christopher G , Schurer Stefanie , Davis Elizabeth A , Richmond Peter , Passmore Hayley M , Pearson Glenn , Brown Alex , O'Donnell Melissa , Bowen Asha C , Azzopardi Peter , Conigrave Katherine M , Downs Jenny , Cooper Matthew M , Ramsey Kathryn A , Ferrante Anna , Johnson Sarah E , Cave Leah , Vlaskovsky Philip , Hopkins Katrina D , D'Antoine Heather A , Wilkes Ted , Zubrick Stephen R 
Published: October 2024

PurposeDespite the volume of accumulating knowledge from prospective Aboriginal cohort studies, longitudinal data describing developmental trajectories in health and well-being is limited. The linkage of child and carer cohorts from a historical cross-sectional survey with longitudinal health-service and social-service administrative data has created a unique and powerful data resource that underpins the Western Australian Aboriginal Child Health Survey (WAACHS) linked data study. This study aims to provide evidence-based information to Aboriginal communities across Western Australia, governments and non-government agencies on the heterogeneous life trajectories of Aboriginal children and families.ParticipantsThis study comprises data from a historical cross-sectional household study of 5289 Aboriginal children from the WAACHS (2000–2002) alongside their primary (N=2113) and other (N=1040) carers, and other householders. WAACHS data were linked with Western Australia (WA) government administrative datasets up to 2020 including health, education, child protection, police and justice system contacts. The study also includes two non-Aboriginal cohorts from WA, linked with the same administrative data sources allowing comparisons of outcomes across cohorts in addition to between-group comparisons within the Aboriginal population.Findings to dateLinked data coverage rates are presented for all WAACHS participants. Child health outcomes for the WAACHS children (Cohort 1) are described from birth into adulthood along with other outcomes including child protection and juvenile justice involvement.Future plansAnalysis of data from both the child and carer cohorts will seek to understand the contribution of individual, family (intergenerational) and community-level influences on Aboriginal children’s developmental and health pathways, identify key developmental transitions or turning points where interventions may be most effective in improving outcomes, and compare service pathways for Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children. All research is guided by Aboriginal governance processes and study outputs will be produced with Aboriginal leadership to guide culturally appropriate policy and practice for improving health, education and social outcomes.
Extensivist: improving the delivery of enhanced health in older people’s care homes
Authors: Ma Nan , Stanley Gerard , Miller Debi , Ajagunna David , Jones Nicola , Kinirons Mark , Dallmeyer Rebecca , Kalsi Tania 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundOlder people living in care homes are often frail and clinically complex. The Enhanced Health in Care Homes (EHCH) framework supports organisational and clinical strategies to deliver good care, promoting proactive person-centred care by whole system collaboration. We evaluate the impact of a new role, the Extensivist, in the delivery of EHCH for older people living in care homes.AimsTo evaluate implementation processes and the clinical utility of the Extensivist in older people care homes in the London borough of Southwark.MethodsThe Extensivist (Band 8a Advanced Nurse Specialist skilled in frail older people) was embedded within the care home general practitioners (GP) service for a 2-year pilot (2019–2021). Implementation processes were evaluated. Impact of the Extensivist role was evaluated by the number of Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) completed, interventions and other clinical activity performed as well as qualitative case studies and semistructured feedback from care home workers and professionals.ResultsThe Extensivist feasibly delivered CGA and implemented intervention plans. The role iteratively developed to support wider aspects of care including advance care planning (ACP) and training. Challenges included building trust, the time-consuming nature of CGA, ACP and coordinated communication. Case studies and semistructured feedback indicated the role was considered valuable in the delivery of clinical care, supporting residents, families, care homes and GPs and as a resource for education for care home workers.ConclusionsThe Extensivist is a valuable resource and a linchpin in the delivery of EHCH framework in care homes for older adults in Southwark. Further evaluations to assess reproducibility in other areas of the UK are warranted.
Video laryngoscopy may improve the intubation outcomes in critically ill patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Zhang Kai , Zhong Chao , Lou Yuhang , Fan Yushi , Zhen Ningxin , Huang Tiancha , Chen Chengyang , Shan Hui , Du Linlin , Wang Yesong , Cui Wei , Cao Lanxin , Tian Baoping , Zhang Gensheng 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundThe role of video laryngoscopy in critically ill patients requiring emergency tracheal intubation remains controversial. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate whether video laryngoscopy could improve the clinical outcomes of emergency tracheal intubation.MethodsWe searched the PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Cochrane databases up to 5 September 2024. Randomised controlled trials comparing video laryngoscopy with direct laryngoscopy for emergency tracheal intubation were analysed. The primary outcome was the first-attempt success rate, while secondary outcomes included intubation time, glottic visualisation, in-hospital mortality and complications.ResultsTwenty-six studies (6 in prehospital settings and 20 in hospital settings) involving 5952 patients were analysed in this study. Fifteen studies had low risk of bias. Overall, there was no significant difference in first-attempt success rate between two groups (RR 1.05, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.13, p=0.24, I2=89%). However, video laryngoscopy was associated with a higher first-attempt success rate in hospital settings (emergency department: RR 1.13, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.23, p=0.007, I2=85%; intensive care unit: RR 1.16, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.29, p=0.003, I2=68%) and among inexperienced operators (RR 1.15, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.28, p=0.01, I2=72%). Conversely, the first-attempt success rate with video laryngoscopy was lower in prehospital settings (RR 0.75, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.99, p=0.04, I2=95%). There were no differences for other outcomes except for better glottic visualisation (RR 1.11, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.20, p=0.005, I2=91%) and a lower incidence of oesophageal intubation (RR 0.42, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.71, p=0.001, I2=0%) when using video laryngoscopy.ConclusionsIn hospital settings, video laryngoscopy improved first-attempt success rate of emergency intubation, provided superior glottic visualisation and reduced incidence of oesophageal intubation in critically ill patients. Our findings support the routine use of video laryngoscopy in the emergency department and intensive care units.PROSPERO registration numberCRD 42023461887.
Comparison of subcutaneous and intravenous infliximab in patients with inflammatory bowel disease showed no differences in immunogenicity or treatment persistence at 1 year
Authors: Hancox Sarah , Morda Francesco , Black Christopher J , Selinger Christian Philipp 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundInfliximab (IFX) effectiveness in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can be impaired by antidrug antibodies (ADA). Subcutaneous IFX has a different pharmacokinetic profile compared with intravenous administration, potentially affecting immunogenicity.MethodsRetrospective audit of adult patients starting IFX between January 2019 and June 2022. All participants received induction with three intravenous doses, followed by either maintenance subcutaneous IFX every 2 weeks (from 2021) or maintenance intravenous IFX (historic control). We compared ADA levels, IFX trough levels and treatment persistence between groups after 12 months of treatment.Results101 patients receiving maintenance subcutaneous IFX were compared with 108 patients with maintenance intravenous IFX. At 12 months, prevalence of ADA positivity was similar in both groups (48.1% subcutaneous vs 50.6% intravenous; p=0.775). There were no differences in detectable IFX trough levels and treatment persistence between both groups. Patients receiving combination therapy with IFX and immunomodulators (34.8%) had less often ADA (65.2%; OR 0.28 (95% CI 0.13 to 0.58); p=0.001) irrespective of route of IFX administration. Treatment persistence was higher in those receiving combination therapy compared with monotherapy at 12 months (73.3% vs 51.9%; p=0.004).ConclusionsThere were no significant differences in ADA levels, IFX levels and treatment persistence between the subcutaneous and intravenous routes of IFX administration after 12 months. Concurrent use of immunomodulators was associated with reduced immunogenicity and better treatment persistence. Clinicians should advise patients on the benefits of immunomodulator combination therapy regardless of route of administration.
Workplace violence in trauma centers: an American Trauma Society Position Statement
Authors: Robinson Kathy , Finch Heather , Sieracki Heather , Oberle Andrew , Anderson Melissa , Wells Matthew , Tinkoff Glen H 
Published: October 2024

In 1966, the National Academy of Sciences and National Research Council published ‘Accidental Death and Disability: the Neglected Disease of Modern Society’ which served as a national call to action to address the apparent public apathy towards the devastating and unnecessary toll that injury was taking on America. This white paper recommended the establishment of a National Trauma Association to drive public demand for injury prevention and mitigation. The American Association for the Surgery of Trauma heeding that call, founded the American Trauma Society (ATS) in 1968. Since its founding and with a mission of ‘Save Lives. Improve Care. Empowering Survivors’, the ATS has had a 56-year legacy of service to improve trauma care by providing professional and public education, advocacy for injury and violence prevention, and attending to the unique needs of trauma survivors and their families.As a focus of the ATS’s advocacy efforts, the ATS’s Legislative and Policy Committee (LPC) formulates the organization’s legislative goals and strategy by reviewing proposed legislation and regulations that may favorably or adversely affect trauma professionals, and disseminating key information as position statements to the membership and public for edification and/or action. In accordance with this effort, the ATS has partnered with theTrauma Surgery and Acute Care Opento publish these important collaborative endeavors.For this inaugural publication of an ATS position statement, the topic we chose is workplace violence (WPV) in trauma centers. A work group of the ATS’s LPC reviewed current literature gathered from a variety of organizational and agency sources addressing safety and protection of healthcare providers from WPV including federal and state legislative and regulatory initiatives. Based on the work groups review, we provide eight recommendations regarding the prevention, mitigation, or handling of WPV. We also review and discuss best practices and risk mitigation strategies, providing a listing of them in an accompanying appendix.