bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variation in Forewing Size Linked to Migratory Status in Monarch Butterflies
Authors: Li Yiwen , Pierce Amanda A , de Roode Jacobus C. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractLong-distance migration can be seen throughout
the animal kingdom and can have large impacts on
population dynamics and species distributions. The act
of migration itself also affects the evolution of a species,
as evolutionary forces select for certain characteristics in
animals conducting long-distance migration. Monarch
butterflies are best known for their annual migration from
Canada and the northern United States to central Mexico,
but some populations of monarchs have lost the ability to
migrate. Previous research found that migratory monarchs
had larger, more elongated wings than their non-migratory
counterparts and it was hypothesized that these traits were
beneficial for migration. However, Bergmann’s rule - which
predicts larger body sizes with increasing latitude - could
also explain this pattern as migratory populations are
found at higher latitudes. To understand the role of wing
dimensions in migration, we examined forewing size and
shape of migratory and non-migratory monarchs from
seven worldwide populations varying in latitude. Results
showed that larger forewing size was indeed correlated
with migratory status rather than latitude. However,
migratory monarchs did not have more elongated forewing
shape than non-migratory monarchs across the globe. Our
study indicates that size may play a larger role than shape
in long-distance migratory capability.
Welfare Analysis in an Extended Harris-Todaro Model: An Application of the Atkinson Theorem
Authors: Kingi Hautahi 
Published: June 2016

AbstractI analyze the welfare effects of a policy of modern sector enlargement (MSENL), and a policy of increasing the efficiency of on-the-job search from the urban informal sector (IEOS) in a generalized Harris-Todaro model. I show that MSENL causes a Lorenz worsening of the income distribution and IEOS causes a Lorenz improvement. In a rare direct application of the Atkinson theorem, I conclude that MSENL decreases social welfare and IEOS increases social welfare for all anonymous, increasing and Schur-concave social welfare functions.
Comparison of four immunoassays to measure serum ferritin concentrations and iron deficiency prevalence among non-pregnant Cambodian women and Congolese children
Authors: Karakochuk Crystal D. , Whitfield Kyly C. , Rappaport Aviva I. , Barr Susan I. , Vercauteren Suzanne M. , McLean Judy , Hou Kroeun , Talukder Aminuzzaman , Houghton Lisa A. , Bailey Karl B. , Boy Erick , Green Timothy J. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Background:
Global standardization of ferritin assays is lacking, which could have direct implications on the accurate measurement and comparability of ferritin concentration and iron deficiency (ID) prevalence rates in at-risk populations.

Methods:
We measured serum ferritin concentrations using four immunoassays: the s-ELISA and the AxSYM™ analyzer were compared among 420 non-pregnant Cambodian women; the Centaur® XP analyzer, s-ELISA, and AxSYM™ analyzer were compared among a subset of 100 Cambodian women; and the s-ELISA and the Elecsys® 2010 analyzer were compared among 226 Congolese children aged 6–59 months.

Results:
Median ferritin concentrations (adjusted for inflammation) ranged between 48 and 91 μg/L among Cambodian women and between 54 and 55 μg/L among Congolese children. ID prevalence ranged from 2% to 10% among Cambodian women and 5% to 7% among Congolese children. Bias between methods varied widely (–9 to 45 μg/L) among women, and was 43 μg/L among children. Bias was lower when ferritin values outside of the s-ELISA measurement range (>250 μg/L) were excluded.

Conclusions:
The observed differences in ferritin concentrations likely reflect different ferritin isoforms, antibodies, and calibrators used across assays and by different laboratories. However, despite differences in ferritin concentrations, ID prevalence was relatively similar and low across all methods.
Thermal conditions for geothermal energy exploitation in the Transcarpathian depression and surrounding units
Authors: Majcin Dušan , Kutas Roman , Bilčík Dušan , Bezák Vladimír , Korchagin Ignat 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The contribution presents the results acquired both by direct cognitive geothermic methods and by modelling approaches of the lithosphere thermal state in the region of the Transcarpathian depression and surrounding units. The activities were aimed at the determination of the temperature field distribution and heat flow density distribution in the upper parts of the Earth’s crust within the studied area. Primary new terrestrial heat flow density map was constructed from values determined for boreholes, from their interpretations and from newest outcomes of geothermal modelling methods based on steady-state and transient approaches, and also from other recently gained geophysical and geological knowledge. Thereafter we constructed the maps of temperature field distribution for selected depth levels of up to 5000 m below the surface. For the construction we have used measured borehole temperature data, the interpolation and extrapolation methods, and the modelling results of the refraction effects and of the influences of source type anomalies. New maps and other geothermic data served for the determination of depths with rock temperatures suitable for energy utilization namely production of electric energy minimally by the binary cycles. Consequently the thermal conditions were used to identify the most perspective areas for geothermal energy exploitation in the region under study.
A Tauberian theorem for the product of Abel and Cesàro summability methods
Authors: Erdem Yılmaz , Çanak İbrahi̇m 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we prove a Tauberian theorem for the product of the Abel method and the Cesàro method of order α, which improves some classical Tauberian theorems for the Abel and Cesàro summability methods.
Study on High-Temperature Mechanical Properties of Low-Carbon Fe-Mn-Si-Al TWIP Steel
Authors: Li Shiqi , Liu Jianhua , Liu Hongbo , Zhuang Changling , Liu Jian , Han Zhibiao 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The high-temperature mechanical properties of twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) steel with 0.05 % C, 25 % Mn, 3 % Al, 3 % Si have been investigated using the GLEEBLE 3500 machine. The result shows that the zero ductility temperature and the zero strength temperature of the TWIP steel are measured at 1,225 °C and 1,275 °C, respectively. The brittleness temperature interval I is from 1,200 °C to the melting point, and the brittleness temperature interval III is from 650 °C to 800 °C. The tensile fracture has been examined using the scanning electron microscope, optical microscope and electron backscatter diffraction to determine the fracture mechanisms. The result shows that the twin is not the main influencing factor of the high-temperature plasticity of TWIP steel. Instead, the degree of dynamic recrystallization determines its high-temperature plasticity. A small number of AlN particles are found near the fractures, but these particles are so coarse, therefore, have no influence on the brittle fracture, and ferrite transformation and work hardening are the main reasons that cause the brittle fracture.
Oxidation Behavior of TiAl-Based Alloy Modified by Double-Glow Plasma Surface Alloying with Cr–Mo
Authors: Wei Xiangfei , Zhang Pingze , Wang Qiong , Wei Dongbo , Chen Xiaohu 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA Cr–Mo alloyed layer was prepared on a TiAl-based alloy using plasma surface alloying technique. The isothermal oxidation kinetics of the untreated and treated samples was examined at 850 °C. The microstructure and phase composition of the alloyed layer were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The morphology and constituent of the oxide scales were also analyzed. The results indicated that the oxidation resistance of TiAl was improved significantly after the alloying treatment. The oxide scale eventually became a mixture of Al2O3, Cr2O3 and TiO2. The oxide scale was dense and integrated throughout the oxidation process. The improvement was mainly owing to the enhancing of scale adhesion and the preferential oxidation of aluminum brought by the alloying effect for TiAl-based alloy.
Die große Herausforderung. Herodot, Thukydides und die Erfindung einer neuen Form von Geschichtsschreibung
Authors: Raaflaub Kurt A. 
Published: June 2016

Zusammenfassung
Herodot und Thukydides waren die ersten, die große und komplexe Prosageschichtswerke über bedeutende historische Ereignisse produzierten, und zwar, in Christian Meiers Definition, als “multi-subjektive, kontingenz-orientierte Erzählungen“. Sie erfanden im wahrsten Sinne des Wortes eine neue Gattung der historischen Literatur, und dies stellte sie vor massive und elementare Herausforderungen, die in der Forschung nur teilweise als solche erkannt und umfassend untersucht worden sind. Obwohl das Epos ihnen gewisse Anregungen bot, mussten sie herausfinden, wie sie ihr Material sammeln, bewerten und organisieren, ihren Bericht gestalten und das Interesse ihres Publikums gewinnen und halten konnten. Da sie in einer fragmentierten Welt mit divergierenden und widersprüchlichen Erinnerungen lebten, aber im Interesse einer breiten Wirkung eine panhellenische Perspektive wählten, mussten sie sich ihr Publikum überhaupt erst schaffen. Trotz beträchtlicher Unterschiede in Alter, Hintergrund und Weltsicht waren sie doch Zeitgenossen und Kinder der ungeheuer dynamischen intellektuellen Kultur ihrer Epoche. Thukydides betont ausdrücklich den Nutzen der Geschichte als eines „immerwährenden Besitzes“; bei Herodot ist diese Überzeugung zwar implizit, aber kaum weniger deutlich fassbar. Der vorliegende Aufsatz befasst sich mit der Frage, inwiefern Geschichte nützlich sein kann, weshalb dies wichtig ist, mittels welcher Methoden der Nutzen von Geschichte erkennbar gemacht wurde, wie sich dies alles auf die Rekonstruktion und Erzählung von Geschichte auswirkte – und welche Bedeutung dies umgekehrt für unseren Gebrauch der resultierenden Berichte als ‚Geschichte‘ hat. Des Weiteren geht es um die bemerkenswert ähnlichen Methoden, die die beiden Autoren entwickelten, um ihre ‚Geschichte‘ für zeitgenössische und künftige Leser interessant und bedeutungsvoll zu machen. Einige dieser Methoden fanden sie in den Epen vorgegeben. Andere waren neu und dazu bestimmt, ihren Bericht zu strukturieren, die Auswahl unter ähnlichen Episoden zu erleichtern, besonders bedeutende Aspekte hervorzuheben, das Interesse des Publikums an den erzählten Handlungsabläufen wachzuhalten und Grundmuster herauszuarbeiten, die diesem Publikum die dynamische Wechselwirkung zwischen Vergangenheit und Gegenwart nahebrachten. Die hier vorgelegte Untersuchung wirft deshalb auch neues Licht auf die ‚intertextuellen Beziehungen‘ zwischen diesen beiden ‚ersten Historikern‘.
Diplomatische Tauschgeschäfte? Eine alternative Ansicht zur Gastarbeiterschaft im Rahmen eines asiatischen Beispiels
Authors: Na Hye–Sim 
Published: June 2016

Zusammenfassung
Die bisherigen Untersuchungen zur Immigrationsgeschichte der Gastarbeiter in Deutschland sind nicht auf die Frage eingegangen, warum koreanische Frauen in den 1960er und 1970er Jahren als Krankenpflegerinnen nach Deutschland kamen. Anders als die süd- und osteuropäischen Länder gehörte Korea nicht zu den Staaten, die mit Deutschland ein förmliches Abkommen über die Entsendung von Arbeitskräften schlossen. Die meisten koreanischen Frauen kamen als examinierte Krankenschwestern und Krankenschwesterhelferinnen, aber zunächst waren es Krankenschwesterschülerinnen, die über deutsche katholische Einrichtungen vermittelt wurden. Im Rahmen von Mission und Entwicklungshilfe tätige deutsche katholische Priester und Ordensschwestern vermittelten in einer ersten Phase persönlich koreanische Frauen an deutsche Krankenhäuser und Altersheime. Weil zwischen beiden Staaten im Jahr 1961 ein Entwicklungshilfeabkommen unterzeichnet wurde, könnte man in Bezug auf die koreanischen Gastarbeiter der Interpretation von Knortz zustimmen, nach der die Gastarbeiter im Zuge diplomatischer Tauschgeschäfte auf den deutschen Arbeitsmarkt gelangten. Aber die Vermittlung koreanischer Frauen an die Krankenschwesterschulen hatte mit Entwicklungshilfe wenig zu tun, vielmehr hatte sie primär den Zweck, dazu beizutragen, den Mangel an deutschen Pflegekräften zu beheben.
Moisture Dependent Dynamic Flow Properties of Coconut Flours
Authors: Manikantan M. R. , Kingsly Ambrose R. P. , Alavi Sajid 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The dynamic flow properties of two important coproducts of virgin coconut oil (VCO) i. e. coconut milk residue flour (MRF) and VCO cake flour (CF) were studied. The basic flowability energy of CF was higher than MRF and increased with moisture content. The change in compressibility and shear stress, with applied normal stress and moisture content, indicated that these powders are highly cohesive. For both flours, the energy required to make the powder flow increased with moisture at all experimental air velocity. Moisture did not significantly influence the cohesion and unconfined yield strength of MRF, whereas for CF there was significant effect due to the presence of moisture. The wall friction angle of both the flours increased significantly with moisture and decreased with applied normal stress. The results from this study indicated that, both CF and MRF at around 4.00 % moisture content had better flow characteristics than at higher moisture levels.
Performance of Bus and Ring Network Topologies Based on SOA Bias Current
Authors: Rani Aruna , Dewra Sanjeev 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis paper investigates the number of nodes supported in bus and ring network topologies based on bias current of semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) at 10 Gb/s. It is found that in bus topology, maximum 91 nodes are supported for 400 mA bias current of SOA at –30 dBm signal input power. In ring topology, more than 100 nodes are supported for 400 mA current of SOA. It is also found that for 100 mA current, 28 nodes are supported in bus topology but in ring topology maximum supported nodes are 39. The number of supported nodes increases with increase in bias current of SOA.
Case inflection of construct-state constructions in Dinka
Authors: Andersen Torben 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDinka, a Nilo-Saharan language, is largely monosyllabic, nevertheless it has a fairly rich morphology. Thus, most of its morphology is expressed by alternations in phonological material of the root. The inflectional categories of nouns manifested in this way include state and case in addition to number. The state category consists of an “absolute” state and two “construct” states. The case category includes a nominative, a genitive, an allative, and an essive/ablative. The present article shows how case inflection is manifested in complex noun phrases consisting of a noun in a construct state and a following modifier. It is demonstrated that the case inflection of such noun phrases is manifested almost exclusively by tonal overlays on the nominative (lexical) tones, and that such overlays may occur either in the head or in the modifier or in both the head and the modifier. In this way, a head noun may simultaneously carry state information and case information. Thus, the case inflection of construct-state constructions in Dinka adds yet another layer of nonlinear morphology to nouns in this language.
Interactions with Others in John Chrysostom
as a Means to Manage a Diversity of Visions
Authors: Tolonen Anna-Liisa 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Two opposing opinions about “the Maccabees” feature in the homily On Eleazar and the Seven
Boys. According to the homilist, “the Maccabees” can be recognized as martyrs; yet, many others fail to
see it. The construction of this conflict relies heavily on another confrontation identifiable in the same
text: a dialogue between the homilist and “the Jew”, who thinks differently and, in the opinion of the
homilist, incorrectly. These tensions in the source may be taken to reflect “identity-political” issues of
the time and evaluated accordingly. My analysis challenges this view by emphasizing how difficult it is
to reconstruct historical encounters between persons/groups based on such a source. I suggest, instead,
that the conflict and dialogue should be considered parallel examples of how, in the context of late
antiquity, a Christian intellectual mind conceptualizes “difference” (of opinions or between identities)
and how it deals with it. The analysis shows that the homilist’s argumentation is built on seemingly
commonsensical or authoritative fair-to-all “facts”. Yet, interactions with others provide the homilist
with ways to govern and re-produce those very facts. Rather than social struggles, the interactions reflect
and represent the level of otherness contained in the discourse of the homilist.
History’s debris. The many pasts in the post-1989 present
Authors: Iacob Bogdan C. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The article is a reassessment of the aftermaths of the events of 1989 in (South-) Eastern Europe. It supplements the well-worn debate pitting civil vs. uncivil society with examinations of the role nationalism has played in the formerly socialist bloc and of the (self-) identification practices within the region’s societies. Here I map the various postcommunist legacies that have affected the region’s countries. Grand explanations of the upheaval of 1989 tend to obscure and simplify the continuities that have extended beyond this threshold year. Common trends within the region, which often remain hidden in the long shadow of 1989, may explain contemporary tensions between the revival of civic mobilization and the rise of populism. I conclude that only by clearing history’s debris — from before and after 1989 — will we understand the nature and identity of the ‘we’ who claim, contest, or (increasingly seldom) celebrate this annus mirabilis.
Structure of the frequency‐interacting RNA helicase: a protein interaction hub for the circadian clock
Authors: Conrad Karen S , Hurley Jennifer M , Widom Joanne , Ringelberg Carol S , Loros Jennifer J , Dunlap Jay C , Crane Brian R 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn the Neurospora crassa circadian clock, a protein complex of frequency (FRQ), casein kinase 1a (CK1a), and the FRQ‐interacting RNA Helicase (FRH) rhythmically represses gene expression by the white‐collar complex (WCC). FRH crystal structures in several conformations and bound to ADP/RNA reveal differences between FRH and the yeast homolog Mtr4 that clarify the distinct role of FRH in the clock. The FRQ‐interacting region at the FRH N‐terminus has variable structure in the absence of FRQ. A known mutation that disrupts circadian rhythms (R806H) resides in a positively charged surface of the KOW domain, far removed from the helicase core. We show that changes to other similarly located residues modulate interactions with the WCC and FRQ. A V142G substitution near the N‐terminus also alters FRQ and WCC binding to FRH, but produces an unusual short clock period. These data support the assertion that FRH helicase activity does not play an essential role in the clock, but rather FRH acts to mediate contacts among FRQ, CK1a and the WCC through interactions involving its N‐terminus and KOW module.
Lecciones de memoria. El recuerdo de 1971 en las protestas estudiantiles de 2011 en Colombia
Authors: Cruz Rodríguez Edwin 
Published: June 2016

<p>Este trabajo muestra cómo la actualización de la memoria sobre la protesta estudiantil de 1971 sirvió, cuarenta años después, para afianzar la unidad y superar los sectarismos de las movilizaciones por el derecho a la educación en Colombia. En primer lugar, se reconstruyen los rasgos generales de ambos episodios, y luego se examinan las formas en que la memoria alrededor de lo ocurrido en 1971 operó para trazar una ruta al movimiento de 2011. </p>
Influence of Household Environment and Maternal Behaviors to Upper Respiratory Infection among Toddlers
Authors: Fahdiyani Reny , Raksanagara Ardini S , Sukandar Hadyana 
Published: June 2016

Upper respiratory infection (URI) in developing countries causes high morbidity among toddlers. Indonesia Health Ministry reported that non-pneumonia acute respiratory infection (ARI) increased by 2.6% from 2007 to 2011. Risk factors which may contribute to URI include environment and behavior. This study aimed to investigate environmental and behavioral factors with URI among toddlers. This case control study was conducted on February – April 2015 among toddlers in Tamansari that is a slum area in Bandung City. Case was 55 mothers with toddlers suffering from URI who came to primary health care, meanwhile control was twice bigger than cases selected from the environment and matched for age, sex and nutritional status. Environmental factors were density, humidity, ventilation, temperature and smoke disposal. Meanwhile, behavioral factors were hand-washing, mother’s smoking behavior, the use of mask, vitamin A consumption and exclusive breastfeeding. Results of study showed that environmental factor related to URI was only density with p value = 0.021 and OR = 2.843 (CI 95% = 1.168 – 6.920). None of maternal behavior factor was related to URI. Reducing density is an important and challenging issue in slum area, same as similary health promotion and prevention concerning URI are still necessary to reduce the risk of this disease among toddlers in urban slum area. Pengaruh Lingkungan Rumah Tangga dan Perilaku Ibu terhadap KejadianInfeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut Atas pada Anak Bawah Lima TahunInfeksi saluran pernapasan akut atas (ISPA atas) di negara berkembang menyebabkan morbiditas tinggi pada anak bawah usia lima tahun (balita). Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia melaporkan bahwa ISPAnonpneumonia meningkat 2,6% dari tahun 2007 ke 2011. Faktor risiko yang dapat berkontribusi termasuk lingkungan dan perilaku. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki faktor perilaku dan lingkungan dengan ISPA atas pada balita. Studi kasus kontrol ini dilakukan dari Februari-April 2015 pada balita di Tamansari yang merupakan daerah kumuh di Kota Bandung. Kasus adalah 55 ibu dengan balita menderita ISPA atas yang datang ke puskesmas, sedangkan kontrol dua kali lebih besar dari kasus dipilih dari lingkungan dan cocok untuk usia, jenis kelamin, dan status gizi. Faktor lingkungan adalah kepadatan, kelembaban, ventilasi, suhu, dan pembuangan asap. Sedangkan perilaku adalah mencuci tangan, perilaku merokok ibu, pemakaian masker, konsumsi vitamin Adan ASI eksklusif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor lingkungan yang berkaitan dengan ISPA atas hanya kepadatan dengan nilai p = 0,021 dan OR = 2,843 (CI 95%: 1,168 – 6,920). Tidak terdapat faktor perilaku ibu yang berhubungan dengan ISPA atas. Pengurangan kepadatan merupakan masalah penting dan menantang di daerah kumuh, sama halnya dengan promosi kesehatan dan pencegahan tentang ISPA atas masih penting untuk mengurangi risiko penyakit ini pada balita di daerah kumuh perkotaan.