bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of the hooking behaviour of Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer, 1837) copepodids on Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., using a novel in vivo test system
Authors: Delfosse C , Lafont‐Lecuelle C , Barthélémy H , Chabaud C , Teruel E , Bienboire‐Frosini C , Pageat P 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe screening of putative semiochemicals involved in the interaction between Lepeophtheirus salmonis copepodid and the Atlantic salmon could be used to develop methods to prevent infestation. A bioassay was designed to evaluate the attractiveness of Atlantic salmon for L. salmonis copepodids by counting the number of hooked parasites. A salmon was bathed in a tank with 60 copepodids during 45 min. The salmon was humanely killed and its body was scrubbed above a plastic bag. The content of the bag was filtered to count the number of hooked parasites. This procedure was tested at different water temperatures and for different body mass. The temperature significantly influenced the number of hooked copepodids (p < .05). Smolts presented significantly more hooked copepodids at a higher water temperature (24.6 at 13.8°C) compared to smolts at a lower temperature (18.6 at 6.1°C; p = .011). No correlation was found between the body mass and the number of hooked parasites (p = .65). This bioassay was used to successfully measure the attractiveness of Atlantic salmon for L. salmonis copepodids, making it an interesting tool to screen putative semiochemicals designed to prevent the infestation.
Phase equilibria modelling constraints on P–T conditions during fluid catalysed conversion of granulite to eclogite in the Bergen Arcs, Norway
Authors: Bhowany K. , Hand M. , Clark C. , Kelsey D. E. , Reddy S. M. , Pearce M. A. , Tucker N. M. , Morrissey L. J. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractExhumed eclogitic crust is rare and exposures that preserve both protoliths and altered domains are limited around the world. Nominally anhydrous Neoproterozoic anorthositic granulites exposed on the island of Holsnøy, in the Bergen Arcs in western Norway, preserve different stages of progressive prograde deformation, together with the corresponding fluid‐assisted metamorphism, which record the conversion to eclogite during the Ordovician–Silurian Caledonian Orogeny. Four stages of deformation can be identified: (1) brittle deformation resulting in the formation of fractures and the generation of pseudotachylites in the granulite; (2) development of mesoscale shear zones associated with increased fluid–rock interaction; (3) the complete large‐scale replacement of granulite by hydrous eclogite with blocks of granulite sitting in an eclogitic “matrix”; and (4) the break‐up of completely eclogitized granulite by continued fluid influx, resulting in the formation of coarse‐grained phengite‐dominated mineral assemblages. P–T constraints derived from phase equilibria forward modelling of mineral assemblages of the early and later stages of the conversion to eclogite document burial and partial exhumation path with peak metamorphic conditions of ~21–22 kbar and 670–690°C. The P–T models, in combination with existing T–t constraints, imply that the Lindås Nappe underwent extremely rapid retrogressive pressure change. Fluid infiltration began on the prograde burial path and continued throughout the recorded P–T evolution, implying a fluid source that underwent progressive dehydration during subduction of the granulites. However, in places limited fluid availability on the prograde path resulted in assemblages largely consuming the available fluid, essentially freezing in snapshots of the prograde evolution. These were carried metastably deeper into the mantle with strain and metamorphic recrystallization partitioned into areas where ongoing fluid infiltration was concentrated.
Comparative anatomy of zebrafish paired and median fin muscles: basis for functional, developmental, and macroevolutionary studies
Authors: Siomava Natalia , Diogo Rui 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn the last decades, Danio rerio became one of the most used model organisms in various evo‐devo studies devoted to the fin skeletal anatomy and fin‐limb transition. Surprisingly, there is not even a single paper about the detailed anatomy of the adult muscles of the five fin types of this species. To facilitate more integrative developmental, functional, genetic, and evolutionary studies of the appendicular musculoskeletal system of the zebrafish and to provide a basis for further comparisons with other fishes and tetrapods, we describe here the identity, overall configuration, and attachments of appendicular muscles in a way that can be easily understood and implemented by non‐anatomist researchers. We show that the muscle pattern of the caudal fin is very different from patterns seen in other fins but is very consistent within teleosts. Our observations support the idea of the developmental and evolutionary distinction of the caudal fin and point out that the musculature of the adult zebrafish pectoral and pelvic fins is in general very similar. Both paired fins have superficial and deep layers of abductors and adductors going to all/most rays plus the dorsal and ventral arrectors going only to the first ray. Nevertheless, we noted three major differences between the pelvic and pectoral fins of adult zebrafishes: (i) the pectoral girdle lacks a retractor muscle, which is present in the pelvic girdle – the retractor ischii; (ii) the protractor of the pelvic girdle is an appendicular/trunk muscle, while that of the pectoral girdle is a branchiomeric muscle; (iii) the first ray of the pectoral fin is moved by an additional arrector‐3. The anal and dorsal fins consist of serially repeated units, each of which comprises one half‐ray and three appendicular muscles (one erector, depressor, and inclinator) on each side of the body. The outermost rays are attachment points for the longitudinal protractor and retractor. Based on our results, we discuss whether the pectoral appendage might evolutionarily be closer to the head than to the pelvic appendage and whether the pelvic appendage might have been derived from the trunk/median fins. We discuss a hypothesis of paired fin origin that is a hybrid of the fin‐fold and Gegenbaur's theories. Lastly, our data indicate that D. rerio is indeed an appropriate model organism for the appendicular musculature of teleosts in particular and, at least in the case of the paired fins, also of actinopterygians as a whole.
3D analysis of sexual dimorphism in size, shape and breathing kinematics of human lungs
Authors: Torres‐Tamayo Nicole , García‐Martínez Daniel , Lois Zlolniski Stephanie , Torres‐Sánchez Isabel , García‐Río Francisco , Bastir Markus 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSexual dimorphism in the human respiratory system has been previously reported at the skeletal (cranial and thoracic) level, but also at the pulmonary level. Regarding lungs, foregoing studies have yielded sex‐related differences in pulmonary size as well as lung shape details, but different methodological approaches have led to discrepant results on differences in respiratory patterns between males and females. The purpose of this study is to analyse sexual dimorphism in human lungs during forced respiration using 3D geometric morphometrics. Eighty computed tomographies (19 males and 21 females) were taken in maximal forced inspiration (FI) and expiration (FE), and 415 (semi)landmarks were digitized on 80 virtual lung models for the 3D quantification of pulmonary size, shape and kinematic differences. We found that males showed larger lungs than females (P < 0.05), and significantly greater size and shape differences between FI and FE. Morphologically, males have pyramidal lung geometry, with greater lower lung width when comparing with the apices, in contrast to the prismatic lung shape and similar widths at upper and lower lungs of females. Multivariate regression analyses confirmed the effect of sex on lung size (36.26%; P < 0.05) and on lung shape (7.23%; P < 0.05), and yielded two kinematic vectors with a small but statistically significant angle between them (13.22°; P < 0.05) that confirms sex‐related differences in the respiratory patterns. Our 3D approach shows sexual dimorphism in human lungs likely due to a greater diaphragmatic action in males and a predominant intercostal muscle action in females during breathing. These size and shape differences would lead to different respiratory patterns between sexes, whose physiological implications need to be studied in future research.
The endocranial shape of Australopithecus africanus: surface analysis of the endocasts of Sts 5 and Sts 60
Authors: Beaudet Amélie , Dumoncel Jean , de Beer Frikkie , Durrleman Stanley , Gilissen Emmanuel , Oettlé Anna , Subsol Gérard , Thackeray John Francis , Braga José 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAssessment of global endocranial morphology and regional neuroanatomical changes in early hominins is critical for the reconstruction of evolutionary trajectories of cerebral regions in the human lineage. Early evidence of cortical reorganization in specific local areas (e.g. visual cortex, inferior frontal gyrus) is perceptible in the non‐human South African hominin fossil record. However, to date, little information is available regarding potential global changes in the early hominin brain. The introduction of non‐invasive imaging techniques opens up new perspectives for the study of hominin brain evolution. In this context, our primary aim in this study is to explore the organization of the Australopithecus africanus endocasts, and highlight the nature and extent of the differences distinguishing A. africanus from the extant hominids at both local and global scales. By means of X‐ray‐based imaging techniques, we investigate two A. africanus specimens from Sterkfontein Member 4, catalogued as Sts 5 and Sts 60, respectively a complete cranium and a partial cranial endocast. Endocrania were virtually reconstructed and compared by using a landmark‐free registration method based on smooth and invertible surface deformation. Both local and global information provided by our deformation‐based approach are used to perform statistical analyses and topological mapping of inter‐specific variation. Statistical analyses indicate that the endocranial shape of Sts 5 and Sts 60 approximates the Pan condition. Furthermore, our study reveals substantial differences with respect to the extant human condition, particularly in the parietal regions. Compared with Pan, the endocranial shape of the fossil specimens differs in the anterior part of the frontal gyri.
Ipsilateral shoulder pain in patients following lung resection in the decubitus position
Authors: Bando Takae , Kondo Kazuya , Onishi Chiemi , Kajiura Koichiro , Takizawa Hiromitsu , Yamada Kazuyo , Sato Hiromi , Imai Yoshie 
Published: November 2017

Aims and objectivesTo examine the frequency, influencing factors and clinical course of shoulder pain in patients following lung resection.BackgroundThoracoscopes have been introduced in the surgical treatment of lung cancer and allow for less invasive surgery with a minimal incision. However, decubitus position‐related shoulder pain on the operated side has not yet been investigated.DesignA longitudinal descriptive study.MethodsPatients who underwent lung resection in the decubitus position. Patients were interviewed 2 days before surgery and once daily for 5 days after surgery. Interview items included background data, the concomitant use of epidural anaesthesia, operative duration, the presence of preoperative shoulder stiffness (excluding shoulder pain), type of surgery and site of operation. The intensity of pain was approximately 5 on an 11‐point numerical rating scale. Descriptive statistics on patient backgrounds were obtained using SPSS Statistics 22 for Windows.ResultsOf the 74 patients who underwent lung resection in a decubitus position, 30 (40.5%) developed shoulder pain on the operated side. The highest rating occurred 1 day after surgery and decreased over time. The following two factors were found to influence shoulder pain on the operated side: operative duration (Z = −2.63; p = .01) and the presence of preoperative shoulder stiffness (excluding shoulder pain) (χ2 = 4.16; p = .04).ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that approximately 40% of patients who underwent lung resection in the decubitus position developed shoulder pain.Relevance to clinical practiceThe presence of postoperative shoulder pain was related to both the duration of the operation and to the presence of preoperative shoulder stiffness. Although the shoulder pain resolves within 4 days, it causes the patient additional discomfort and distress. Therefore, further research is needed on positioning for thoracotomy in order to investigate ways to reduce or eliminate this complication of lung surgery.
Understanding the factors which promote registered nurses’ intent to stay in emergency and critical care areas
Authors: Van Osch Mary , Scarborough Kathy , Crowe Sarah , Wolff Angela C. , Reimer‐Kirkham Sheryl 
Published: November 2017

Aims and ObjectiveTo explore the influential factors and strategies that promote an experienced nurse's intent to stay in their emergency or critical care area.BackgroundTurnover among registered nurses (herein referred to as nurses) working in specialty areas of practice can result in a range of negative outcomes. The retention of specialty nurses at the unit level has important implications for hospital and health systems. These implications include lost knowledge and experience which may in turn impact staff performance levels, patient outcomes, hiring, orientating, development of clinical competence and other aspects of organizational performance.DesignThis qualitative study used an interpretive descriptive design to understand nurses’ perceptions of the current factors and strategies that promote them staying in emergency or critical care settings for two or more years.MethodsFocus groups were conducted with 13 emergency and critical care nurses. Data analysis involved thematic analysis that evolved from codes to categories to themes.ResultsFour themes were identified: leadership, interprofessional relationships, job fit and practice environment. In addition, the ideas of feeling valued, respected and acknowledged were woven throughout.ConclusionsFactors often associated with nurse attrition such as burnout and job stresses were not emphasised by the respondents in our study as critical to their intent to stay in their area of practice. This study has highlighted positive aspects that motivate nurses to stay in their specialty areas.Relevance to clinical practiceTo ensure quality care for patients, retention of experienced emergency and critical care nurses is essential to maintaining specialty expertise in these practice settings.
A multi‐institutional study of the perceived barriers and facilitators to implementing evidence‐based practice
Authors: Duncombe Daphne C 
Published: November 2017

Aims and objectivesTo examine perceived barriers and facilitators to implementing evidence‐based practice among nurses working in psychiatric, geriatric, hospital and community settings in The Bahamas.BackgroundIt is evident from previous studies that a number of factors exist which either obstruct or promote the utilisation of research evidence in nursing practice. Identifying these factors is vital to the successful uptake of evidence‐based practice in nursing.DesignDescriptive, comparative study.MethodData were collected using self‐administered questionnaires. A stratified random sample (n = 100) of registered nurses participated; 5‐point Likert‐like scales were used to examine nurses’ perceptions of barriers and facilitators of evidence‐based practice. Descriptive statistics were used to describe demographic characteristics and to compare responses of nurses.ResultsParticipants were predominantly female (98.4%), in the 25 to <35 years age group (45.9%). Of nurses surveyed, 72.1% had never tried to implement evidence‐based practice previously. The greatest barriers identified were as follows: “Inadequate resources for implementing research findings” (85.2%; n = 52) and “Inadequate training in research methods” (83.6%; n = 51). The top facilitators identified were as follows: “Training in research methods” (88.5%; n = 54) and “Organisational policies and protocols that are evidence‐based” (86.9%; n = 53).ConclusionsNurses generally expressed that they required additional training in research and evidence‐based practice concepts. Although some nurses had a desire to implement evidence‐based practice to provide quality care and improve patient outcomes, many expressed that they lacked the required resources. The study draws attention to the need for prioritisation of evidence‐based practice both at institutional and governmental levels.Relevance to clinical practiceSuccessful adoption of evidence‐based practice implies combined efforts of nurses, healthcare providers and policymakers. Further research is needed to determine the best method for successfully incorporating evidence‐based practice into nursing practice in The Bahamas.
Exploring communication during the journey from noticing bodily changes to a diagnosis of endometrial cancer
Authors: Cook Catherine , Brunton Margaret , Pukepuke Tepora , Tan Ai Ling 
Published: November 2017

Aims and objectivesTo understand women's perspectives about the trajectory from first bodily changes to diagnosis.BackgroundWith endometrial cancer, as with all gynaecological cancers, early diagnosis is key to successful outcomes. However, women do not always seek clinical advice early. Previously, this gap has been referred to as a “delay,” blamed on fear or refusal to acknowledge symptoms.MethodsA qualitative research project which involved face‐to‐face interviews with 16 women who had presented with symptoms of endometrial cancer. The paucity of research in the trajectory of women who experience a diagnosis of endometrial cancer required an exploratory overview of the data. Accordingly, an inductive thematic analysis was conducted using the framework of Braun and Clarke (Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3, 2006, 77).ResultsWomen and health professionals both resorted to satisficing, using heuristics to make decisions about the importance of symptoms depending on their severity and duration. Most women initially determined that the bodily changes were within the realms of normal. Time to diagnosis was also affected by the following: women's long‐standing assumptions; communication with health professionals; liminality—women oscillating between their self‐assessment that these changes were something significant or nothing important; and gaps in health literacy.ConclusionsThe journey from noticing bodily changes to diagnosis was a nonlinear trajectory. Women worked to make sense of what was happening to them, informed by their sociocultural environment. In particular, confusion about the purpose of cervical screening led a number of participants who had regular smears to assume they were “safe” from cancer worries.Relevance to clinical practiceWomen and some health professionals may be unfamiliar with symptoms potentially indicative of endometrial cancer. There may be structural and communication barriers for women navigating healthcare systems. It is vital that nurses take time both to listen to women and to provide them with resources to enhance their health literacy.
Factors influencing the quality of vital sign data in electronic health records: A qualitative study
Authors: Stevenson Jean E , Israelsson Johan , Petersson Goran , Bath Peter A 
Published: November 2017

Aims and objectivesTo investigate reasons for inadequate documentation of vital signs in an electronic health record.BackgroundMonitoring vital signs is crucial to detecting and responding to patient deterioration. The ways in which vital signs are documented in electronic health records have received limited attention in the research literature. A previous study revealed that vital signs in an electronic health record were incomplete and inconsistent.DesignQualitative study.MethodsQualitative study. Data were collected by observing (68 hr) and interviewing nurses (n = 11) and doctors (n = 3), and analysed by thematic analysis to examine processes for measuring, documenting and retrieving vital signs in four clinical settings in a 353‐bed hospital.ResultsWe identified two central reasons for inadequate vital sign documentation. First, there was an absence of firm guidelines for observing patients’ vital signs, resulting in inconsistencies in the ways vital signs were recorded. Second, there was a lack of adequate facilities in the electronic health record for recording vital signs. This led to poor presentation of vital signs in the electronic health record and to staff creating paper “workarounds.”ConclusionsThis study demonstrated inadequate routines and poor facilities for vital sign documentation in an electronic health record, and makes an important contribution to knowledge by identifying problems and barriers that may occur. Further, it has demonstrated the need for improved facilities for electronic documentation of vital signs.Relevance to clinical practicePatient safety may have been compromised because of poor presentation of vital signs. Thus, our results emphasised the need for standardised routines for monitoring patients. In addition, designers should consult the clinical end‐users to optimise facilities for electronic documentation of vital signs. This could have a positive impact on clinical practice and thus improve patient safety.
Compassion in practice—Evaluating the awareness, involvement and perceived impact of a national nursing and midwifery strategy amongst healthcare professionals in NHS Trusts in England
Authors: O'Driscoll Mike , Allan Helen , Liu Liang , Corbett Kevin , Serrant Laura 
Published: November 2017

Aims and objectivesTo report the findings from an evaluation of the impact of the Compassion in Practice Vision and Strategy (National Health Service England (NHSE), 2012) on nursing, midwifery and care staff.BackgroundThe Compassion in Practice Vision and Strategy was a programme of work to highlight the importance of compassionate care following the Francis Report in 2013 into the deficits in care in an NHS Hospital Trust. It was launched by NHS England in 2012 at a time when fiscal cuts were introduced by the Department of Health in England.Design and settingMixed methods.ResultsInferential statistics were used to test whether there were significant differences between staff at different levels of seniority with regard to awareness and involvement in Compassion in Practice Vision and Strategy and their attitudes to it. Awareness and involvement of staff in Compassion in Practice Vision and Strategy were high amongst middle and senior management but limited at ward level. Staff involvement in Compassion in Practice Vision and Strategy was limited due to a lack of awareness. Ward level staff who were aware and involved, perceived a lack of support and communication from senior leadership to deliver the Compassion in Practice Vision and Strategy.DiscussionResults reveal professional anger, distress and resistance to the Compassion in Practice Vision and Strategy and a view of the programme as a top‐down initiative which did not sufficiently recognise structural constraints on nurses’ ability to deliver compassionate care. We discuss the implications of our findings for global nursing.ConclusionParticipants emphasised that compassion for patients is only sustainable where there is compassion for staff and many participants felt that they were not being treated with compassion.Relevance for clinical practiceNational Health Service England should strongly affirm that nurses and midwives in general provide compassionate care. Trust leadership should provide support for ward level staff who deliver compassionate care in difficult circumstances.