bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resolving ice cloud optical thickness biases between CALIOP and MODIS using infrared retrievals
Authors: Holz Robert E. , Platnick Steven , Meyer Kerry , Vaughan Mark , Heidinger Andrew , Yang Ping , Wind Gala , Dutcher Steven , Ackerman Steven , Amarasinghe Nandana , Nagle Fredrick , Wang Chenxi 
Published: April 2016

Abstract. Despite its importance as one of the key radiative properties that determines the impact of upper tropospheric clouds on the radiation balance, ice cloud optical thickness (IOT) has proven to be one of the more challenging properties to retrieve from space-based remote sensing measurements. In particular, optically thin upper tropospheric ice clouds (cirrus) have been especially challenging due to their tenuous nature, extensive spatial scales, and complex particle shapes and light-scattering characteristics. The lack of independent validation motivates the investigation presented in this paper, wherein systematic biases between MODIS Collection 5 (C5) and CALIOP Version 3 (V3) unconstrained retrievals of tenuous IOT (< 3) are examined using a month of collocated A-Train observations. An initial comparison revealed a factor of 2 bias between the MODIS and CALIOP IOT retrievals. This bias is investigated using an infrared (IR) radiative closure approach that compares both products with MODIS IR cirrus retrievals developed for this assessment. The analysis finds that both the MODIS C5 and the unconstrained CALIOP V3 retrievals are biased (high and low, respectively) relative to the IR IOT retrievals. Based on this finding, the MODIS and CALIOP algorithms are investigated with the goal of explaining and minimizing the biases relative to the IR. For MODIS we find that the assumed ice single-scattering properties used for the C5 retrievals are not consistent with the mean IR COT distribution. The C5 ice scattering database results in the asymmetry parameter (g) varying as a function of effective radius with mean values that are too large. The MODIS retrievals have been brought into agreement with the IR by adopting a new ice scattering model for Collection 6 (C6) consisting of a modified gamma distribution comprised of a single habit (severely roughened aggregated columns); the C6 ice cloud optical property models have a constant g ≈ 0.75 in the mid-visible spectrum, 5–15 % smaller than C5. For CALIOP, the assumed lidar ratio for unconstrained retrievals is fixed at 25 sr for the V3 data products. This value is found to be inconsistent with the constrained (predominantly nighttime) CALIOP retrievals. An experimental data set was produced using a modified lidar ratio of 32 sr for the unconstrained retrievals (an increase of 28 %), selected to provide consistency with the constrained V3 results. These modifications greatly improve the agreement with the IR and provide consistency between the MODIS and CALIOP products. Based on these results the recently released MODIS C6 optical products use the single-habit distribution given above, while the upcoming CALIOP V4 unconstrained algorithm will use higher lidar ratios for unconstrained retrievals.
Evaluating flood potential with GRACE in the United States
Authors: Molodtsova Tatiana , Molodtsov Sergey , Kirilenko Andrei , Zhang Xiaodong , VanLooy Jeffrey 
Published: April 2016

Abstract. Reager and Famiglietti (2009) proposed an index, Reager's Flood Potential Index (RFPI), for early large-scale flood risk monitoring using the Terrestrial Water Storage Anomaly (TWSA) product derived from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE). We evaluated the efficacy of the RFPI for flood risk assessment over the continental USA using multi-year flood observation data from 2003 to 2012 by the US Geological Survey and Dartmouth Flood Observatory. In general, we found a good agreement between the RFPI flood risks and the observed floods on regional and even local scales. RFPI demonstrated skill in predicting the large-area, long-duration floods, especially during the summer season.
Analyzing airflow in static ice caves by using the calcFLOW method
Authors: Meyer Christiane , Meyer Ulrich , Pflitsch Andreas , Maggi Valter 
Published: April 2016

Abstract. In this paper we present a method to detect airflow through ice caves and to quantify the corresponding airflow speeds by the use of temperature loggers. The time series of temperature observations at different loggers are cross-correlated. The time shift of best correlation corresponds to the travel time of the air and is used to derive the airflow speed between the loggers. We apply the method to test data observed inside Schellenberger Eishöhle (ice cave). The successful determination of airflow speeds depends on the existence of distinct temperature variations during the time span of interest. Moreover the airflow speed is assumed to be constant during the period used for the correlation analysis. Both requirements limit the applicability of the correlation analysis to determine instantaneous airflow speeds. Nevertheless the method is very helpful to characterize the general patterns of air movement and their slow temporal variations. The correlation analysis assumes a linear dependency between the correlated data. The good correlation we found for our test data confirms this assumption. We therefore in a second step estimate temperature biases and scale factors for the observed temperature variations by a least-squares adjustment. The observed phenomena, a warming and an attenuation of temperature variations, depending on the distance the air traveled inside the cave, are explained by a mixing of the inflowing air with the air inside the cave. Furthermore we test the significance of the determined parameters by a standard F test and study the sensitivity of the procedure to common manipulations of the original observations like smoothing. In the end we will give an outlook on possible applications and further development of this method.
Mona Hensman: An Indian Woman at the World Missionary Conference in Tambaram (1938)
Authors: Ludwig Frieder 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
The World Missionary Conference in Tambaram 1938 is one of the most important ecumenical conferences. It was the first such meeting that took place in India (at the Madras Christian College). Representatives of the so-called younger churches made up the majority of the 471 delegates. Although a number of publications analyzed “Tambaram,” most of them did not focus on the experiences of these participants from the global South. This article will introduce Mona Hensman, one of the seventy female delegates and a member of the Indian delegation. Originally from Bengal, she was an Anglican, but her family background was transconfessional. Hensman became involved in feminist as well as in Christian organizations and brought her ideas and visions to the Tambaram conference. The concrete outcome of this meeting did not live up to her expectations, but many fundamental questions discussed there for the first time later became critically important for the ecumenical movement.
High‐frequency terrestrial water storage signal capture via a regularized sliding window mascon product from GRACE
Authors: Sakumura Carly , Bettadpur Srinivas , Save Himanshu , McCullough Christopher 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission has provided an unprecedented global, homogeneous observational data set of time variation in terrestrial water storage since 2002. The typical GRACE product uses approximately 30 equally weighted days of data to estimate a monthly mean gravity field with 300+ km resolution. The coarse spatial and temporal resolution of the typical GRACE solution, however, limits scientific analysis to primarily seasonal and long‐term hydrological processes. In this study, we enhance the temporal and spatial resolution of the GRACE data product through the use of sliding windows, regularization, and mascon basis functions in the estimation process. Each regularized sliding window mascon (RSWM) gravity field is composed of 21 days of observational data differentially weighted to optimize the frequency retention while ensuring sufficient observability for a global solution. Tikhonov regularization informed by RL05 error is applied in the estimation process, and the product is derived in mascon basis functions to increase the amplitude and localization of signal retention. The final RSWM data product is the first daily time‐variable gravity data set created solely from GRACE information. The improved filter design reduces aliasing, increases the signal bandwidth, and better captures the amplitude and power of geophysical signals. Comparison with land surface model and in situ data sets shows a similar spatial and temporal signal content at all frequencies within the filter bandwidth and highlights the overall accuracy of the product. The new data set expands opportunities for scientific analysis of subseasonal terrestrial water storage variability.
Gold‐Catalyzed Aminoalkenylation of β‐Amino‐1,n‐Diynols to Cycloalkyl‐, Piperidinyl‐ and Pyranyl‐Fused Pyrroles
Authors: Kothandaraman Prasath , Zhao Yichao , Lee Bo Ra , Le Ng Clarrisa Jia , Lee Jun Yi , Ayers Benjamin James , Chan Philip Wai Hong 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA synthetic method to prepare cycloalkyl‐, piperidinyl‐ and pyranyl‐fused pyrroles efficiently by gold(I)‐catalyzed dehydrative aminoalkenylation of β‐amino‐1,n‐diynols under mild conditions at room temperature is described.magnified image
Prognostic microRNA signatures derived from The Cancer Genome Atlas for head and neck squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Wong Nathan , Khwaja Shariq S. , Baker Callie M. , Gay Hiram A. , Thorstad Wade L. , Daly Mackenzie D. , Lewis James S. , Wang Xiaowei 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIdentification of novel prognostic biomarkers typically requires a large dataset which provides sufficient statistical power for discovery research. To this end, we took advantage of the high‐throughput data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to identify a set of prognostic biomarkers in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) including oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) and other subtypes. In this study, we analyzed miRNA‐seq data obtained from TCGA patients to identify prognostic biomarkers for OPSCC. The identified miRNAs were further tested with an independent cohort. miRNA‐seq data from TCGA was also analyzed to identify prognostic miRNAs in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Our study identified that miR‐193b‐3p and miR‐455‐5p were positively associated with survival, and miR‐92a‐3p and miR‐497‐5p were negatively associated with survival in OPSCC. A combined expression signature of these four miRNAs was prognostic of overall survival in OPSCC, and more importantly, this signature was validated in an independent OPSCC cohort. Furthermore, we identified four miRNAs each in OSCC and LSCC that were prognostic of survival, and combined signatures were specific for subtypes of HNSCC. A robust 4‐miRNA prognostic signature in OPSCC, as well as prognostic signatures in other subtypes of HNSCC, was developed using sequencing data from TCGA as the primary source. This demonstrates the power of using TCGA as a potential resource to develop prognostic tools for improving individualized patient care.
Gold Nanoparticle–Polydopamine–Reduced Graphene Oxide Ternary Nanocomposite as an Efficient Catalyst for Selective Oxidation of Benzylic C(sp3)−H Bonds Under Mild Conditions
Authors: Majumdar Biju , Bhattacharya Tamalika , Sarma Tridib K. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA ternary nanocomposite comprising of Au nanoparticles (NPs), polydopamine, and reduced graphene oxide exhibits excellent activity and selectivity towards the oxidation of C−H bonds in benzylic hydrocarbons under mild conditions in the presence of N‐hydroxyphthalimide. All the components in the nanocomposite play an important role in the effectiveness of the catalyst. Sufficient electron transfer from polydopamine to the Au NPs afforded a more negatively charged nanoparticle surface and was favorable for molecular oxygen activation, leading to C−H bond oxidation. The reaction followed a free radical pathway as shown by detailed mechanistic studies. Further, easy separation and excellent reusability without significant loss in activity over several iterations make the ternary nanocomposite an excellent heterogeneous catalyst for C−H oxidation reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: INFRARED STUDY OF THE SURFACE REACTIVITY OF HEMATITE
Authors: LORENZELLI V. , BUSCA G. , SHEPPARD N. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIR‐Spektren von α‐FezOy Pulvern (durch thermische Zers. von Goethit) mit und ohne adsorbierte organische Elektronendonormoleküle (Pyridin, Acetonitril, Acetamid, Essigsäure, Acetanhydrid, Acetylchlorid, Acetaldehyd und Ethylalkohol) zeigen, daß organische Moleküle in Kontakt mit in Luft oder O2 aktiviertem α‐Fe2O3 an dessen Oberfläche sowohl physials auch chemisorbiert werden können.
ChemInform Abstract: METAL COMPLEXES OF DIIMINODIPHOSPHINES. STRUCTURAL AND REACTIVITY PATTERNS
Authors: JEFFERY J. C. , RAUCHFUSS T. B. , TUCKER P. A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie durch 1:2‐molare Umsetzung von Ethylen‐ bzw. 1,3‐Propylendiamin mit o‐ Diphenylphosphinobenzaldehyd gebildeten vierzähnigen PNNP‐Liganden (L1 : Ausb. 85%) setzen sich mit Tetrakis‐[acetonitril]‐Cu(I)‐perchlorat, Ag(I)‐ oder Ni(II)‐ tetrafluoroborat bzw. Hexaaquo‐Ni(II)‐tetrafluoroborat zu den Komplexen (I), (III) und (VI) um.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF TETRAETHYLAMMONIUM PENTAKIS(ISOTHIOCYANATO)BIS(2,2′‐BIPYRIDINE)URANATE(IV)
Authors: WILEY R. O. , VON DREELE R. B. , BROWN T. M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie luftstabile Titelverbindung wurde durch Reaktion von Tetraethylammoniumoktaisocyanatouranat und 2,2′‐Bipyridyl in MeCN dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: RADICAL FORMATION AND RADIATION DAMAGE IN ADAMANTANE
Authors: LLOYD R. V. , DIGREGORIO S. , DIMAURO L. , WOOD D. E. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDurch Kokondensation von Na‐Dampf, 1‐ bzw. 2‐Brom‐adamantan und Adamantan werden nicht‐radiolytisch das Adamantyl‐(l)‐ bzw. ‐(2)‐Radikal erzeugt.
ChemInform Abstract: NITROXIDE CHEMISTRY. PART XVI. REACTIONS BETWEEN BIS(TRIFLUOROMETHYL) NITROXIDE AND SOME ALIPHATIC DERIVATIVES OF SULFUR
Authors: BANKS R. E. , BIRCHALL J. M. , HASZELDINE R. N. , NONA S. N. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Reaktion des Bistrifluoromethylnitroxids (I) mit Dimethylsulfid (II) liefert neben dem Methylthiomethylhydroxylamin (III) und dem Hydroxylamin (IV) Spuren von Perfluordimethylamin (V) und Tri‐ ‐ fluornitromethan (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: ISOLATION AND FURTHER REACTIONS OF CHARGED SPECIES RESULTING FROM IPSO‐ATTACK IN THE NITRATION OF AROMATIC AMINES
Authors: HELSBY P. , RIDD J. H. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie substituierten Aniline (I) bzw. (IV) reagieren mit 70%iger Salpetersäure zu den Ionen (II) bzw. (V), die als Hexafluorophosphate isoliert werden können.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF BICYCLIC CORIOLIN MODELS
Authors: HASHIMOTO H. , ITO T. , SHIRAHAMA H. , MATSUMOTO T. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractEs werden ausgehend von dem Methylbicyclo‐octenon (I) stereoselektiv durch Methylenierung und zweifache Epoxidierung Coriolin‐Modellverbindungen (IV) und (VI) hergestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS, ANTIFUNGAL AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF AMINOALKYL KETONES IN SULFUR HETEROCYCLIC SERIES
Authors: CAGNIANT P. , KIRSCH G. , WIERZBICKI M. , LEPAGE F. , CAGNIANT D. , LOEBENBERG D. , PARMEGIANI R. , SHERLOCK M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAminomethylierung der Thienocyclenone (I), (IV), (VI), (VIII) bzw. (X) mit Paraformaldehyd und den Aminen (II) oder deren Hydrochloriden führt zu den Mannich‐Basen (III), (V), (VII), (IX) bzw. (XI); die Aminocyclenone (XIII) bzw. (XV) lassen sich durch Aminierung der α‐Bromketone (XII) bzw. (XIV) gewinnen.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 5‐AMINO‐2‐PYRROLIDINONE AND ITS DERIVATIVES
Authors: KOSUGI Y. , HAMAGUCHI H. , NAGASAKA T. , OZAWA N. , OHKI S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAus der Lactamcarbonsäure (Ia) erhält man über eine Abbaureaktion das Carbamat (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF FURAN ANALOGS OF ISOFLAVONES WITH HYDRAZINE
Authors: GRISHKO L. G. , ZHIROVA T. I. , KHILYA V. P. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractOrcin (I) reagiert mit dem Nitril (II) nach Hoesch‐Houben zu einem schwer trennbaren Gemisch der isomeren Furyl‐acetophenone (III) und (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: CHALCONE OXIMES. PART VI. NOVEL REARRANGEMENT OF 2,3‐DIHYDROBENZO‐Γ‐PYRONE OXIMES INTO Δ2‐ISOXAZOLINE DERIVATIVES
Authors: WITCZAK Z. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Oxime (I) isomerisieren in Trifluoressigsäure zu den Isoxalinen (II).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF NITROSOUREA DERIVATIVES OF PYRIDINE AND PIPERIDINE AS POTENTIAL ANTICANCER AGENTS
Authors: CRIDER A. M. , LAMEY R. , FLOSS H. G. , CASSADY J. M. , BRADNER W. J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Harnstoffderivate (I) werden in die Nitrosoverbindungen (II) übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: INHIBITORS OF PHENYLETHANOLAMINE N‐METHYLTRANSFERASE AND EPINEPHRINE BIOSYNTHESIS. 2. 1,2,3,4‐TETRAHYDROISOQUINOLINE‐7‐SULFONANILIDES
Authors: BLANK B. , KROG A. J. , WEINER G. , PENDLETON R. G. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDas Sulfonylchlorid (I) ergibt die Sulfonamide (II), die zu den Verbindungen (III) desacetyliert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: SPIROCYCLIC MEISENHEIMER COMPLEXES. STABLE TRINITROCYCLOHEXADIENATE SPIRO COMPLEX WITH A NAPHTHO(1,8‐DE)‐M‐DIOXINE RING
Authors: KNYAZEV V. N. , DROZD V. N. , MOZHAEVA T. YA. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBei Zusatz äquimolarer Mengen von Triethyl‐ amin zur Lösung des Pikryloxy‐naphthols (I) in wasserfreiem Diethylether fällt quantitativ das Komplexsalz (II).
ChemInform Abstract: ISOMERIZATION OF BROMOPHENYLAMINOMALEIMIDES AND SOME ADDITION REACTIONS WITH NUCLEOPHILIC REAGENTS
Authors: MROCZKIEWICZ A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Titelderivate (Ia) bis (Ic) isomerisieren beim Kochen in Eisessig in Gegenwart von Brom zu den Pyridazinonen (II).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF SULFUR ANALOGS OF PILOCARPINE DERIVATIVES. PART I
Authors: ABOUL‐ENEIN H. Y. , AL‐BADR A. A. , IBRAHIM S. E. , ISMAIL M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Thiolactone (I) werden durch Bromierung über die Bromderivate (II) zu den Thiobutenoliden (III) umgesetzt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND X‐RAY STRUCTURE OF (η‐C5H5)2NI2FE(CO)3S, THE FIRST IRON‐NICKEL CLUSTER WITH A SULPHUR ATOM NEARLY SYMMETRICALLY BRIDGING THREE METAL ATOMS
Authors: BRAUNSTEIN P. , SAPPA E. , TIRIPICCHIO A. , TIRIPICCHIO CAMELLINI M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDurch Reaktion der Komplexe (I) und (II) im Molverhältnis 1.5 :1 in siedendem Heptan wird die Titelverbindung (III) erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PLATINUM(II) COMPLEXES PT(P‐C)LX, WHERE (P‐C) IS METALATED TRI‐TERT‐BUTYLPHOSPHINE
Authors: CLARK H. C. , GOEL A. B. , GOEL R. G. , GOEL S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie 1:2‐molare Reaktion des trans‐Komplexes (I) mit Tri‐tert.‐butylphosphin führt zur Bildung des monomeren (II) und des Chorid‐verbrückten dimeren Komplexes (III) mit zweizähnigem 2‐Methyl‐2‐(di‐tert.‐ butylphosphino)‐propyl‐Liganden neben Tri‐tert:butylphosphoniumchlorid.
ChemInform Abstract: THE SYNTHESIS OF A VARIETY OF AMINODEOXY‐α‐D‐GLYCOPYRANOSIDES BY WAY OF A NOVEL REPLACEMENT REACTION
Authors: LEMIEUX R. U. , GEORGES F. F. Z. , SMIATACZ Z. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDas aus D‐Glucaltriacetat hergestellte Tri‐O‐acetyl‐2‐desoxy‐ 2‐oximino‐D‐arabino‐hexopyranosid (I) reagiert mit nucleophilen Reagentien wie Natriumazid, Phthalimidkalium, Natriumborhydrid oder Natriumthiophenolat unter Substitution des 3‐Acetoxyrestes.
ChemInform Abstract: TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF VERRUCAROL: A STEREOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF 13,14‐DINOR‐15‐HYDROXYTRICHOTHEC‐9‐ENE
Authors: ROUSH W. R. , D'AMBRA T. E. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractNorbornanon (I) reagiert in bekannter Weise über die Zwischenstufen (II) zu einem Keto‐aldehyd (III), aus dem in beschriebener Weise z.B. das Trichothec‐9‐en‐Derivat (IV) bzw. das Diol (V) hergestellt werden, die für Naturstoffsynthesen von Interesse sind.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 3‐CARBOXYISOPENAM SULFONE: AN ANALOG OF PENICILLANIC ACID SULFONE
Authors: PANT C. M. , STOODLEY R. J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie β‐Lactame (I) werden in die Isopename (II) und (III) übergeführt, deren Oxidation die Sulfone (IV) liefert.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOINDUCED ELECTRON TRANSFER FROM THE CEROUS ION EXCITED STATE TO CUPRIC ION
Authors: ASBURY R. P. , HAMMOND G. S. , LEE P. H. P. , POULOS A. T. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDer photoinduzierte Elektronentransfer zwischen Ce3 (aq) und Cu2+(aq) in SOä′‐Lösung gemäß Reaktion A wird mit Hilfe der Mikrosekunden‐B1itzanregung unter sucht.
ChemInform Abstract: METAL AMMINE FORMATION IN SOLUTION. XIX. ON THE FORMATION OF TETRAAMMINEDI‐μ‐HYDROXODICOPPER(II) AND HYDROXOTETRAAMMINE COMPLEXES IN AMMONIACAL COPPER(II) SOLUTIONS
Authors: BJERRUM J. , AGARWALA B. V. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn NH3‐haltigen CuH‐Lösungen bildet sich bei niedrigen NH3‐Konzentrationen in kleinen Mengen der im nahen UV absorbierende dimere Komplex (I).
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE SPECTRA AND STRUCTURE OF THE RADICAL ANIONS OF METHYL DERIVATIVES OF HALO‐SILANES AND ‐GERMANES
Authors: HASEGAWA A. , UCHIMURA S. , HAYASHI M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDurch γ‐Bestrahlung von Monomethyl‐ und Dimethylderivaten von Bromo‐ und Iodosilanen und ‐germanen bei 77 K in Tetramethylsilanmatrix werden Radikalanionen gebildet, deren ESR‐Parameter und Spindichten angegeben sind.
ChemInform Abstract: THERMOLABILE HYDROCARBONS. XIV. THERMAL STABILITY, STRAIN ENTHALPY, AND STRUCTURE OF SYMMETRICAL HEXAALKYL‐SUBSTITUTED ETHANES
Authors: WINIKER R. , BECKHAUS H.‐D. , RUECHARDT C. + 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie z.B. mit C3‐C5‐Alkylgruppen symmetrisch 2,3‐disubstituierten 2,3‐Dimethyl‐butane werden durch Dimerisierung der entsprechenden tert.‐Alkylchloride mit Mg in siedendem THF mit Ausb. von 0.7‐5.1% dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: ENAMINE CHEMISTRY. PART 27. THE EFFECT OF ADDITIONAL α‐ AND β‐HETEROATOMS ON THE PΠ‐CONJUGATION AND REACTIVITY OF ENAMINES. SUB OR SUPER ENAMINES?
Authors: AHMED MD. G. , AHMED S. A. , HICKMOTT P. W. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDer Einfluß der α‐ und β‐Heteroatome in Enaminen wie z.B. (I)‐(III) besteht in der Verminderung der p?‐Konjugation zwischen einsamem N‐Elektronenpaar und den rr‐Elektronen der Doppelbindung.
ChemInform Abstract: ACYLPHOSPHONATES: PHOSPHORUS‐CARBON BOND CLEAVAGE OF DIALKYL ACYLPHOSPHONATES BY MEANS OF AMINES. SUBSTITUENT AND SOLVENT EFFECTS FOR ACYLATION OF AMINES
Authors: SEKINE M. , SATOH M. , YAMAGATA H. , HATA T. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBenzoylphosphonsäureester (I) werden mit Aminen (II) umgesetzt und hierbei unterschiedliche Anteile an den Reaktionsprodukten (III)‐(V) erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: CROWN CATION COMPLEX EFFECTS. 10. POTASSIUM TERT‐BUTOXIDE MEDIATED PENULTIMATE OXIDATIVE HYDROLYSIS OF NITRILES
Authors: DIBIASE S. A. , WOLAK R. P. JUN. , DISHONG D. M. , GOKEL G. W. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn Gegenwart von Kalium‐tert.‐butylat (II) werden die Nitrile (I) mit Luft oder Sauerstoff zu den Acylcyaniden (III) oxidiert, die zu den Carbonsäuren (IV) hydrolysiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: MICHAEL ADDITIONS TO α,β‐UNSATURATED SULFOXIMIDES IN TWO‐PHASE SYSTEMS. KINETIC RESOLUTION BY MEANS OF CHIRAL PHASE‐TRANSFER CATALYSTS
Authors: ANNUNZIATA R. , CINQUINI M. , COLONNA S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Additionsreaktion der Nucleophilen (II) mit dem Sulfoximid (Ia) bzw. den Verbindungen (IV) in Gegenwart des homogenen Systems a) bzw. der 2‐Phasen‐Systeme b)‐e) als basischen Katalysatoren liefert die Produkte (III) (angegebene Ausb. sind Maximalwerte; Tabelle) bzw. (V).