bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ICE GRAIN COLLISIONS IN COMPARISON: CO2, H2O, AND THEIR MIXTURES
Authors: Musiolik Grzegorz , Teiser Jens , Jankowski Tim , Wurm Gerhard 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
Collisions of ice particles play an important role in the formation of planetesimals and comets. In recent work, we showed that CO2 ice behaves like silicates in collisions. The resulting assumption was that it should therefore stick less efficiently than H2O ice. Within this paper, a quantification of the latter is presented. We used the same experimental setup to study collisions of pure CO2 ice, pure water ice, and 50% mixtures by mass between CO2 and water at 80 K, 1 mbar, and an average particle size of ∼90 μm. The results show a strong increase of the threshold velocity between sticking and bouncing with increasing water content. This supports the idea that water ice is favorable for early growth phases of planets in a zone within the H2O and the CO2 iceline.
Trouble du déficit de l’attention avec hyperactivité (TDAH) : un trouble de la transformation des affects et de la pensée ?
Authors: Günter Michael 
Published: August 2016

Dans la littérature sur la psychanalyse de l’enfant et de l’adolescent, le trouble du déficit de l’attention avec hyperactivité (TDAH) est décrit comme un syndrome complexe aux caractéristiques psychodynamiques très diverses. Schématiquement, le trouble est divisé en trois catégories : 1. Un trouble des relations d’objet précoces qui aboutit au développement d’une organisation des défenses d’allure maniaque dans laquelle les angoisses de perte d’objet et les affects dépressifs ne sont pas traités via la symbolisation mais sont organisés sur un mode essentiellement corporel ; 2. Un trouble de la triangulation dans laquelle l’investissement de la position paternelle n’est pas stable, une structuration psychique fragile alterne avec un excès d’excitation et la régulation de l’affect est limitée ; 3. La présence d’un stress émotionnel ou d’une expérience traumatique.	Je propose de poser un regard neuf sur le TDAH à la lumière de la psychanalyse. En regard de la phénoménologie du trouble, nous devrions considérer, en sus de l’approche psychodynamique, que des déficits de la fonction alpha sont constitutifs du TDAH. Ces déficits sont à l’origine des troubles de la pensée et du traitement des affects, et la symptomatologie apparaît comme une tentative (imparfaite) d’y remédier. À un niveau secondaire, on assiste au développement d’un cercle vicieux par le biais du renforcement mutuel d’une transformation défectueuse des données sensorielles et des affects en des contenus de pensée, d’un côté, et de processus secondaires défensifs largement narcissiques, de l’autre. Ces considérations sont importantes pour améliorer la compréhension du TDAH et pour rendre compte de notre technique psychanalytique.
Les révolutions arabes et leur devenir. Les cas paradigmatiques de l’Égypte et de la Tunisie
Authors: Khosrokhavar Farhad 
Published: August 2016

La Tunisie et l’Égypte ont été le théâtre des deux révolutions arabes majeures qui réussirent à renverser les gouvernements autocratiques dans un espace de temps extrêmement court : 28 jours en Tunisie et 18 jours en Égypte. En dépit de l’effet d’imitation exercé sur les autres sociétés arabes, ces deux soulèvements présentaient des différences majeures. La Révolution tunisienne a abouti à l’élaboration d’une constitution laïque et le processus démocratique s’est enchaîné non sans succès. La Révolution égyptienne a résulté en de longues périodes de violence ininterrompue qui a abouti au coup d’État militaire et à la fin du processus de démocratisation. Ces deux cas paradigmatiques soulèvent la question des contextes nationaux spécifiques ainsi que l’histoire de ces sociétés et la manière dont la violence est traitée en leur sein.
Islam et politique dans la Libye contemporaine
Authors: Abouyoub Younes 
Published: August 2016

Cet article analyse la relation entre les différents pouvoirs en Libye et la religion depuis le XIX e siècle et plus particulièrement depuis l’insurrection de 2011. Comme la Libye a toujours été l’un des pays les plus conservateurs d’Afrique du Nord, le conflit libyen ne saurait se résumer à une confrontation entre un courant « libéral » et un autre « islamiste ». Ce n’est pas tant la question religieuse qui divise l’élite libyenne, mais plutôt la lutte pour le pouvoir.
Une lecture non-herméneutique du Coran : l’Analyse littérale
Authors: Al Ajamî Moreno 
Published: August 2016

L’explication du Coran passe par diverses herméneutiques, autant d’interprétations du texte. C’est la formation de ces cercles herméneutiques complexes qui limite l’accès au sens du Coran. L’auteur propose une méthodologie sémantique dite non-herméneutique par analyse séquentielle appliquée au Coran (ou A.L.C.) : analyse littérale du Coran. Cet algorithme littéral a pour objectif de réduire les sens coraniques possibles de manière non spéculative ou interprétative.
The ETS Family Transcription Factors Etv5 and PU.1 Function in Parallel To Promote Th9 Cell Development
Authors: Koh Byunghee , Hufford Matthew M. , Pham Duy , Olson Matthew R. , Wu Tong , Jabeen Rukhsana , Sun Xin , Kaplan Mark H. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The IL-9–secreting Th9 subset of CD4 Th cells develop in response to an environment containing IL-4 and TGF-β, promoting allergic disease, autoimmunity, and resistance to pathogens. We previously identified a requirement for the ETS family transcription factor PU.1 in Th9 development. In this report, we demonstrate that the ETS transcription factor ETS variant 5 (ETV5) promotes IL-9 production in Th9 cells by binding and recruiting histone acetyltransferases to the Il9 locus at sites distinct from PU.1. In cells that are deficient in both PU.1 and ETV5 there is lower IL-9 production than in cells lacking either factor alone. In vivo loss of PU.1 and ETV5 in T cells results in distinct effects on allergic inflammation in the lung, suggesting that these factors function in parallel. Together, these data define a role for ETV5 in Th9 development and extend the paradigm of related transcription factors having complementary functions during differentiation.
Maternal Milk T Cells Drive Development of Transgenerational Th1 Immunity in Offspring Thymus
Authors: Ghosh Mrinal K. , Nguyen Virginia , Muller H. Konrad , Walker Ameae M. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Using multiple murine foster-nursing protocols, thereby eliminating placental transfer and allowing a distinction between dam- and pup-derived cells, we show that foster nursing by an immunized dam results in development of CD8+ T cells in nonimmunized foster pups that are specific for Ags against which the foster dam was immunized (Mycobacterium tuberculosis or Candida albicans). We have dubbed this process “maternal educational immunity” to distinguish it from passive cellular immunity. Of the variety of maternal immune cells present in milk, only T cells were detected in pup tissues. Maternal T cells, a substantial percentage of which were CD4+MHC class II+, accumulated in the pup thymus and spleen during the nursing period. Further analysis of maternal cells in the pup thymus showed that a proportion was positive for maternal immunogen-specific MHC class II tetramers. To determine the outcome of Ag presentation in the thymus, the maternal or foster pup origin of immunogen-responding CD8+ cells in foster pup spleens was assessed. Whereas ∼10% were maternally derived in the first few weeks after weaning, all immunogen-responding CD8+ T cells were pup derived by 12 wk of age. Pup-derived immunogen-responsive CD8+ cells persisted until at least 1 y of age. Passive cellular immunity is well accepted and has been demonstrated in the human population. In this study, we show an arguably more important role for transferred immune cells: the direction of offspring T cell development. Harnessing maternal educational immunity through prepregnancy immunization programs has potential for improvement of infant immunity.
Zebrafish IRF1, IRF3, and IRF7 Differentially Regulate IFNΦ1 and IFNΦ3 Expression through Assembly of Homo- or Heteroprotein Complexes
Authors: Feng Hui , Zhang Qi-Min , Zhang Yi-Bing , Li Zhi , Zhang Jun , Xiong Ya-Wei , Wu Min , Gui Jian-Fang 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
In mammals, IFN regulatory factor (IRF)1, IRF3, and IRF7 are three critical transcription factors that are pivotal for cooperative regulation of the type I IFN response. In this study, we explored the relative contribution of zebrafish (Danio rerio) IRF1 (DrIRF1), IRF3 (DrIRF3), and IRF7 (DrIRF7) (DrIRF1/3/7) to zebrafish IFNΦ1 (DrIFNΦ1) and IFNΦ3 (DrIFNΦ3) (DrIFNΦ1/3) activation. Following spring viremia of carp virus infection, DrIFNΦ1/3 and DrIRF1/3/7 transcripts are significantly induced in zebrafish tissues, which correlates with the replication of spring viremia of carp virus. DrIRF1/3/7 selectively bind to the IRF-binding element/IFN-stimulated regulatory element sites of DrIFNΦ1/3 promoters, with the exception that DrIRF3 has no preference for two IRF-binding element/IFN-stimulated regulatory element motifs within the DrIFNΦ3 promoter. Consistently, DrIRF3 alone activates DrIFNΦ1, but not DrIFNΦ3; DrIRF7 predominantly stimulates DrIFNΦ3; and DrIRF1 has similar potential to DrIFNΦ1 and DrIFNΦ3. Strikingly, DrIRF3 facilitates the binding of DrIRF1 and DrIRF7 to both zebrafish IFN promoters, and so does DrIRF7 for the binding of DrIRF1, particularly to the DrIFNΦ3 promoter. These binding properties correlate with differential responses of DrIFNΦ1 and DrIFNΦ3 to the combinatory stimulation of DrIRF1/3/7, depending on their relative amounts. Similar to the dual roles of human IRF3 in regulating IRF7-activated IFNα genes, DrIRF3 exerts dual effects on DrIRF1-mediated DrIFNΦ3 gene expression: an inhibitory effect at lower concentrations and a synergistic effect at higher concentrations. These data provide evidence that fish and mammals have evolved a similar IRF-dependent regulatory mechanism fine-tuning IFN gene activation.
Serum Uric Acid Level in Relation to Severity of the Disease and Mortality of Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Aminiahidashti Hamed , Bozorgi Farzad , Mousavi Seyed Jaber , Sedighi Omid , Gorji Ali Morad Heidari , Rashidian Hale 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
Aim: This study was conducted to evaluate the validity of serum uric acid (UA) in prediction of mortality among patients in the emergency department.
Materials and Methods: This is a prospective cohort study which was conducted during 2014. In this study, 120 critically ill patients who required Intensive Care Unit care services were included. For evaluation of severity of the disease, mortality in emergency department score (MEDS) in the first 24 h of admission, the requirement of using mechanical ventilation, taking vasopressor during the hospitalization time and severity of the disease based on MEDS score were measured. The patients were divided into two groups: Patients with serum UA level lower than 7.3 mg/dl and patients with serum UA level of equal or more than 7.3 mg/dl. For comparison of the mortality rate in groups, Chi-square and fisher exact tests were applied.
Results: In patients, who needed mechanical ventilation, average of serum UA was 7.82 ± 2.82; however, in the patients who did not need mechanical ventilation this amount was 6.16 ± 2.7, a difference was statically significant. We found a statically meaningful difference between serum UA level with requiring mechanical ventilation and the predictive level of UA 6.95 ± 0.73 (F = 8.52; P ≤ 0.004). In the evaluation of MEDS, most patients with serum UA levels lower than 7.3 mg/dl had lower MEDS points (on average 4.6 ± 3.21) in compared to patients with serum UA level higher than 7.3 mg/dl (on average 12 ± 2.99). This difference was found to be statistically significant which indicates the patients whose serum UA was 7.3 mg/dl or higher, were at higher risk of mortality.
Conclusion: The serum UA level in the 1st day of hospitalization of a critically ill patient is not an independent indicative factor in relation to mortality. High level of UA reveals critical status of the patient and requires mechanical ventilation.
Study of Invasive Pneumococcal Infection in Adults with Reference to Penicillin Resistance
Authors: Muley Vrishali Avinash , Ghadage Dnyaneshwari Purushottam , Yadav Gauri Eknath , Bhore Arvind Vamanrao 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTBackground: Invasive pneumococcal infections often prove rapidly fatal, even where good medical treatment is readily available. In developed countries, up to 20% of people who contract pneumococcal meningitis die; however, in developing world, mortality is closer to 50%, even among hospitalized patients. The World Health Organization estimated 600,000–800,000 adult deaths each year from pneumococcal pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis.Aims: This study aims to estimate isolation rate of invasive pneumococcal infection in adults, to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Streptococcus pneumoniae. isolates and to study the associated risk factors.Materials and Methods: A total of 120 patients with suspected invasive infection such as meningitis, septicemia, and pleural effusion, were included in the study. Various clinical specimens such as pus, cerebrospinal fluid, and other sterile body fluids were processed for isolation and identification of S. pneumoniae. Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method was performed to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility profile. Minimum inhibitory concentration test was performed to determine the penicillin resistance.Results: Of 120 patients, 40 (33.33%) cases were proven by culture to have an invasive pneumococcal infection. The most common clinical condition observed was meningitis followed by pneumonia with pleural effusion and sepsis. Pneumococcal isolates exhibited 40% resistance to cotrimoxazole and 12.73% to chloramphenicol. Two meningeal isolates exhibited penicillin resistance. Comorbidities observed in 21 (52.5%) cases were mainly Diabetes mellitus, smoking, and alcoholism.Conclusions: Invasive pneumococcal infection has poor prognosis and penicillin‑resistant strains have become increasingly common. This study emphasizes the importance of judicious use of antibiotics, especially to refrain their use in mild self-limiting upper respiratory infections.
Unusual Presentation of Multibacillary Nodular Leprosy
Authors: Raut Shweta , Kanade Swapna , Nataraj Gita , Mehta Preeti 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTDespite India achieving the goal of elimination of leprosy as a public health problem, leprosy is still being transmitted in India. However, due to decreased clinical suspicion of leprosy and atypical case presentations, such cases may be not be diagnosed. We present a case report of an unusual presentation of multibacillary leprosy which presented as nodular lesions. This case report indicates that atypical presentations of leprosy may be missed out by primary care physicians.
Urine Albumin Excretion as a Marker of Acute Glycemic Changes in Isolated Postprandial Hyperglycemia
Authors: Shilpasree Alagilawada S , Patil Vidya S , Patil Vijayetha P , Ingleshwar Deepti G 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Postprandial hyperglycemia is a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and Most of the times it occurs in patients with normal glycemic control diagnosed by fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycated hemoglobin levels. Urine albumin excretion (UAE) is an independent predictor of CVD risk.
Aim: To estimate UAE in isolated postprandial hyperglycemia (IPPHG) patients and to assess the relationship of UAE with FBG and postprandial blood glucose (PPBG) levels.
Settings and Design: A cross-sectional study was carried out in 318 patients with Type II diabetes in the age group 30–60 years for 6 months.
Materials and Methods: Patients were divided into five groups based on their FBG and PPBG values. UAE and lipid profile were measured in all the groups.
Statistical Analysis: UAE and lipid profile in different groups were compared using ANOVA. Regression analysis was used to predict the variation of UAE with FBG, PPBG, and total cholesterol (TC).
Results: Patients with IPPHG had significantly higher albumin excretion compared to normoglycemia (NG) group [P < 0.0001]. In impaired glucose tolerance and isolated fasting hyperglycemia groups, it did not differ significantly from NG group [P = 0.206 and P = 0.173]. Lipid profile did not show any significant difference between the groups. On regression analysis, PPBG but not FBG or TC correlated positively with UAE.
Conclusion: UAE is easy, less expensive, and Widely available method done on spot urine samples which predicts the acute glycemic changes and increased risk of developing CVDs in patients with IPPHG.
Study of the Stability of Various Biochemical Analytes in Samples Stored at Different Predefined Storage Conditions at an Accredited Laboratory of India
Authors: Kachhawa Kamal , Kachhawa Poonam , Varma Meena , Behera Rasmirekha , Agrawal Divya , Kumar Sanjay 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
Background: Storage of serum and other blood products is often necessary in laboratories because of technical issues or to preserve samples for subsequent research purposes. The aim of this study was to determine whether the stability of biochemical analytes is affected by storage conditions.
Materials and Methods: A total of 17 biochemical analytes in the sera of ten patients were examined following storage. Subsequent to determining the baseline measurements, the serum of each patient was aliquoted and stored at −20°C for 7, 15, and 30 days and then analyzed for stability. The results were compared with the initial analysis measurements obtained from fresh samples. Mean changes compared to baseline (T0) concentrations were evaluated both statistically and clinically.
Results: Our results show that sodium, potassium, urea, creatinine, uric acid, total calcium, phosphorus, direct bilirubin, total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total protein, albumin, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were stable under all conditions. Serum amylase was the only analyte demonstrating instability following prolonged storage; amylase levels changed significantly (both statistically and clinically) at 7, 15, and 30 days (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: Most common biochemical analytes, except for amylase, showed adequate stability in serum following 30 days of storage at −20°C. Serum amylase analysis should be conducted on the same day that the sample is received in the laboratory.
A Comparative Analysis of Polymerase Chain Reaction and Direct Fluorescent Antibody Test for Diagnosis of Genital Herpes
Authors: Patwardhan Vrushali , Bhalla Preena , Rawat Deepti , Garg Vijay Kumar , Sardana Kabir , Sethi Sumit 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
Objective: To compare laboratory tests that can simultaneously detect and type herpes simplex virus (HSV) directly from the genital ulcer specimens in clinically suspected cases of genital herpes.
Materials and Methods: A study was conducted over 10 months and 44 adult male and female patients clinically suspected with genital herpes were recruited. Genital ulcer swab specimens were subjected to glycoprotein-G gene-based conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and commercially available direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) test and the results were compared.
Results: PCR for HSV was positive in 82% (36/44) cases. DFA was positive in 68.2% (30/44) cases. There was 100% agreement between HSV types detected by DFA and PCR. The strength of agreement between the results was better in primary genital herpes than recurrent cases.
Conclusion: PCR was found to be better in the detection of HSV in recurrent genital herpes patients. It is a better modality, especially when genital herpes clinically presents with ulcerative or crusted lesions, and is also a cheaper alternative as compared to DFA.
Genetic Association of HLA-A*26, -A*31, and -B*51 with Behcet's Disease in Saudi Patients
Authors: Al-Okaily Fahda , Al-Rashidi Seham , Al-Balawi Maysoon , Mustafa MD. , Arfin Misbahul , Al-Asmari Abdulrahman 
Published: August 2016

Background HLA-B*51 has been universally associated with Behcet's disease (BD) susceptibility, while different alleles of HLA-A have also been identified as independent BD susceptibility loci in various ethnic populations. The objective of this study was to investigate associations of HLA-A and - B alleles with BD in Saudi patients. Materials and Methods Genotyping for HLA-A and HLA-B was performed using HLA genotyping kit (Lab type(R) SSO) in 120 Saudi subjects, including 60 BD patients and 60 matched healthy controls. Results Our results revealed that frequencies of HLA-A*26, -A*31, and - B*51 were significantly higher in BD patients than in controls, suggesting that HLA-A*26, -A*31, and - B*51 are associated with BD. The frequency of HLA-B*15 was significantly lower in BD patients than in controls. Stratification of genotyping results into active and nonactive forms of BD revealed that the frequency of HLA-A*31 was significantly higher in the nonactive form than in the active form of BD, while there was no significant difference in the distribution of other alleles between the two forms of BD. Conclusion This study suggests that HLA-A*26, -A*31, and - B*51 are associated with susceptibility risk to BD, while HLA-B*15 may be protective in Saudi patients. However, larger scale studies are needed to confirm these findings.
PATTERNS OF MARSH FORAMINIFERA, GALVESTON BAY, TEXAS
Authors: Phleger Fred B. 
Published: August 2016

Populations of living Foraminifera were studied from six areas of marine marsh in Galveston Bay. The general marsh foraminiferal assemblage is an Ammotium salsum‐Miliammina fusca one, with common Ammonia beccarii, Arenoparrella mexicana, and Trochammina inflata, and also containing Ammoastuta inepta, Elphidium spp., Tiphotrocha comprimata, and Trochammina macrescens in somewhat smaller frequencies.The following marsh environments have distinctive assemblages of Foraminifera: 1) channel or bay bordering a marsh, 2) fringing Spartina zone, 3) Salicornia berm, 4) inner Spartina zone, 5) inner Salicornia zone, 6) lagoon barrier marsh, 7) “more saline” marsh, and 8) “less saline” marsh. Living populations are very small to very large, living‐total population rates are large and deposition rates are high.Extreme range of environmental conditions limits the variety of marsh Foraminifera. Knowledge of the environment is inadequate to explain distributions within the marsh.
SOME FEATURES OF SALINE LAKES IN CENTRAL WASHINGTON1
Authors: Edmondson W. T. , Anderson George C. 
Published: August 2016

The central part of the State of Washington has an arid climate and contains a number of saline lakes. Several are meromictic and show a variety of vertical gradients of salinity and temperature.The mixolimnion of Soap Lake has been diluted by increased entry of freshwater from 39.4 g/liter in 1946 to 18.0 in 1964 while the monimolimnion has been maintained at more than 130 g/liter. The stability of the chemocline was studied by an injection of radioactive rubidium. The radioactivity spread laterally in all directions, mostly in a layer less than 2 m thick, to a maximum observed mean radius of 53 m in 13 days. The corresponding eddy diffusion coefficient is 3.2 cm2/sec.