bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CAL Download – an innovative approach to making books more accessible
Authors: Burges Jo 
Published: January 2018

Key points
The number of people who struggle to access the printed word is increasing exponentially.
Calibre Audio Library worked with i‐Publishing Consultants to transform the way the blind, partially‐sighted, and those with reading difficulties access their audio library.
Providing entirely audio prompts allows visually impaired users the independence to manage their own library.
Calibre and i‐Publishing Consultants won the 2017 Stationers’ Company Innovation Excellence Award for Social Development.
Benetech global literacy services: Working towards a ‘born accessible’ world
Authors: Turner Brad 
Published: January 2018

Key points
Bookshare is the world's largest library of accessible titles provided to members and through special agreements.
Dyslexia is often forgotten as an impediment to access but must be accounted for within accessible publications.
Certification of accessibility provides confidence for purchasers and a marketing tool for publishers.
Accessibility requires multiple routes to access, on different platforms and in different formats.
Accessible artworks need particular attention, and this is often lacking in ‘accessible’ publications.
Self‐Healing in Supramolecular Polymers
Authors: Campanella Antonella , Döhler Diana , Binder Wolfgang H. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAdaption and self‐healing are two major principles in material science, often coupled with the placement of supramolecular moieties within a material. Proper molecular design can enable self‐healing within such materials, displaying enormous potential in technology and application. Here, basic physicochemical aspects as well as new material developments in the field are described, published after a recent review inMacromolecular Rapid Communicationsin 2013.
Metallic Nanodot Patterns with Unique Symmetries Templated from ABC Triblock Terpolymer Networks
Authors: Aissou Karim , Mumtaz Muhammad , Alvarez‐Fernandez Alberto , Mercat Jean , Antoine Ségolène , Pécastaings Gilles , Ponsinet Virginie , Dobrzynski Cécile , Fleury Guillaume , Hadziioannou Georges 
Published: January 2018

AbstractNanotemplates derived from the self‐assembly of AB‐type block copolymers provide an elegant route to achieve well‐defined metallic dot arrays, even if the variety of pattern symmetries is restricted due to the limited number of structures offered by microphase separated diblock copolymers. A strategy that relies on the use of complex network structures accessible through the self‐assembly of linear ABC‐type terpolymers is presented for the formation of metallic nanodots arrays with “outside‐the‐box” symmetries. Patterned templates formed by the cubic Q214 and orthorhombic O70 network structures are used as excellent platforms to build well‐ordered gold nanodot arrays with unique p3m1 and p2 symmetries, respectively. A simple yet efficient blending strategy is used to tune the critical dimensions of the p3m1 pattern while laterally ordered gold nanodot arrays are also demonstrated through a directed self‐assembly approach. Such highly ordered gold nanodots with tunable particle dimensions and array periods, enabling the control of their plasmonic responses, are attractive probes for biological imaging.
Candida auris: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of current updates on an emerging multidrug‐resistant pathogen
Authors: Osei Sekyere John 
Published: January 2018

AbstractFrom 2009, Candida auris has emerged as a multidrug‐resistant ascomycete yeast pathogen with the capacity for easy transmission between patients and hospitals, as well as persistence on environmental surfaces. Its association with high mortalities, breakthrough and persistent candidaemia, inconsistencies in susceptibility testing results, misidentification by available commercial identification systems and treatment failure, complicates its management and detection. Within the last nine years, C. auris has been increasingly reported from far‐Eastern Asia, the Middle East, Africa, Europe, South and North America with substantial fatalities and misidentification. Herein, I provide a systematic and thorough review of this emerging pathogen. Meta‐analysis showed that at least 742 C. auris isolates have been reported in 16 countries, with most of these being from India (≥243), USA (≥232) and UK (≥103) (p‐value = .0355) within 2013–2017. Most isolates were from males (64.76%) (p‐value = .0329) and blood (67.48%) (p‐value < .0001), with substantial crude mortality (29.75%) (p‐value = .0488). Affected patients presented with other comorbidities: diabetes (≥52), sepsis (≥48), lung diseases (≥39), kidney diseases (≥32) etc. (p‐value < .0001). Resistance to fluconazole (44.29%), amphotericin B (15.46%), voriconazole (12.67%), caspofungin (3.48%) etc. were common (p‐value = .0059). Commonly used diagnostic tools included PCR (30.38%), Bruker MALDI‐TOF MS (14.00%), Vitek 2 YST ID (11.93%), AFLP (11.55%) and WGS (10.04%) (p‐value = .002). Multidrug resistance, high attributable mortality and persistence are associated with C. auris infections. Two novel drugs, SCY‐078 and VT‐1598, are currently in the pipeline. Contact precautions, strict infection control, periodic surveillance and cleaning with chlorine‐based detergents, efficient, faster and cheaper detection tools are necessary for prevention, containment and early diagnosis of C. auris infections.
Comparison of algebraic multigrid methods for an adaptive space–time finite‐element discretization of the heat equation in 3D and 4D
Authors: Steinbach Olaf , Yang Huidong 
Published: January 2018

SummaryThe aim of this work is to compare algebraic multigrid (AMG) preconditioned GMRES methods for solving the nonsymmetric and positive definite linear systems of algebraic equations that arise from a space–time finite‐element discretization of the heat equation in 3D and 4D space–time domains. The finite‐element discretization is based on a Galerkin–Petrov variational formulation employing piecewise linear finite elements simultaneously in space and time. We focus on a performance comparison of conventional and modern AMG methods for such finite‐element equations, as well as robustness with respect to the mesh discretization and the heat capacity constant. We discuss different coarsening and interpolation strategies in the AMG methods for coarse‐grid selection and coarse‐grid matrix construction. Further, we compare AMG performance for the space–time finite‐element discretization on both uniform and adaptive meshes consisting of tetrahedra and pentachora in 3D and 4D, respectively. The mesh adaptivity occurring in space and time is guided by a residual‐based a posteriori error estimation.
A robust time‐space formulation for large‐scale scalar wave problems using exponential basis functions
Authors: Movahedian B. , Boroomand B. , Mansouri S. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryIn this paper, a new effective boundary node method is presented for the solution of acoustic problems, directly in time domain, using exponential basis functions. Unlike many other methods using boundary information, the final coefficient matrix is sparse. The formulation is well suited for domains whose extent is relatively larger than the distance traveled by the acoustic wave in an increment of time. The exponential basis functions used satisfy the time‐space governing equation. This helps to choose a relatively large time increment and a moderate number of boundary points, which leads to reduction of computation time. The computation is performed incrementally using a weighted residual in time. Through a series of numerical examples, it is shown that the method, when combined with a domain decomposition strategy, is effectively capable of solving various 1‐ to 3‐dimensional acoustic problems.
A new risk prioritization model for failure mode and effects analysis
Authors: Anes V. , Henriques E. , Freitas M. , Reis L. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractFailure modes and effects analysis is a framework that has been widely used to improve reliability by prioritizing failures modes using the so‐called risk priority number. However, the risk priority number has some problems frequently pointed out in literature, namely its non‐injectivity, non‐surjectivity, and the impossibility to give weights to risk variables. Despite these disadvantages, the risk priority number continues to be widely used due to its higher simplicity when compared with other alternatives found in literature. In this paper, we propose a novel risk prioritization model to overcome the major drawbacks of the risk priority number. The model contains 2 functions, the risk isosurface function that prioritizes 3 risk variables considering their order of importance in a given risk scenario, and the risk prioritization index function which prioritizes 3 risk variables considering their weights. The novelty of the proposed model is its injectivity, surjectivity, and ease of use in failure modes prioritization. The performance of the proposed model was analyzed using some examples typically used to discuss the conventional risk priority number shortcomings. The model was applied to a case study and its performance correlated with other risk prioritization models. Results show that the failure modes prioritization reached with the proposed model agrees with the expectations made for the risk scenario.
Critical remarks on the governance of sustainability: On the institutional framework of standards
Authors: Mann Stefan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSustainability assessment is on the rise: both the number and the importance of tools and labels are increasing quickly. This paper begins with the notion that today's organization of sustainability assessment is tribal, with small groups competing against each other. Using standards for social sustainability as a case in point, the vast heterogeneity in scale and scope of standards is demonstrated. The prevailing differences cause high transaction costs for consumers who are interested in purchasing sustainably. Using both historical evidence from the organic sector and the debate on information asymmetries as a rationale for the state to intervene, the paper concludes that the involvement of national governments in sustainability assessment would constitute progress, but that international coordination would be even better. It suggests engaging the International Organization for Standardization.
One‐Step Solvent‐Free Production of a Spermaceti Analogue Using Commercial Immobilized Lipases
Authors: Serrano‐Arnaldos Mar , Bastida Josefa , Máximo Fuensanta , Ortega‐Requena Salvadora , Montiel Claudia 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe enzymatic synthesis of fine chemicals is a promising approach to overcome the major problems of the traditional chemical routes and implement eco‐friendly and low energy consuming industrial processes. This work introduces for the first time the one‐step production of an analogue of the sperm whale's spermaceti in a vacuum, solvent‐free system. With the aim of easing the industrial feasibility of the process, two commercial biocatalysts with appropriate technical properties were tested. Results pointed out that under optimal conditions, both commercial immobilized derivatives (Lipozyme® RM IM and CalB immo Plus) gave excellent results as they can be reused up to 15 batches without a noticeable loss of their activity, obtaining conversions of ∼98% in two hours. This green and sustainable process might be economically competitive and leads to a product that meets the all specifications required for its cosmetic use and that can be labeled as “natural”, increasing its added value.
Decision‐Making in Management of the Complex Trauma Patient: Changing the Mindset of the non‐trauma Surgeon
Authors: Sonesson Linda , Boffard Kenneth , Lundberg Lars , Rydmark Martin , Karlgren Klas 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundEuropean surgeons are frequently subspecialized and trained primarily in elective surgical techniques. As trauma leaders, they may occasionally have to deal with complex polytrauma, advanced management techniques, differing priorities, and the need for multidisciplinary care. There is a lack of expertise, experience, and a low trauma volume, as well as a lack of research, with limited support as to the decision‐making and teaching challenges present. We studied what experienced trauma experts describe as the challenges that are specific to the advanced surgical decision‐making required, whether civilian, humanitarian, or military.MethodsDesign‐based research using combined methods including interviews, reviews of authentic trauma cases, and video‐recorded resuscitations performed at a high‐volume civilian academic trauma center.ResultsSeveral educational dilemmas were identified: (1) thinking physiologically, (2) the application of damage control resuscitation and surgery, (3) differing priorities and time management, (4) impact of environment, (5) managing limited resources, (6) lack of general surgical skills, (7) different cultural behavior, and (8) ethical issues.ConclusionThe challenges presented, and the educational domains identified, constitute a basis for improved development of education and training in complex surgical decision‐making. This study contributes new knowledge about the mindset required for decision‐making in patients with complex multisystem trauma and competing priorities of care. This is, especially important in countries having a low intensity of trauma in both military and civilian environments, and consequential limited skills, and lack of expertise. Guidelines focused on the same decision‐making process, using virtual patients and blended learning, can be developed.
High-speed visualization of vortical cavitation using synchrotron radiation
Authors: Karathanassis Ioannis K. , Koukouvinis Phoevos , Kontolatis Efstathios , Lee Zhilong , Wang Jin , Mitroglou Nicholas , Gavaises Manolis 
Published: January 2018

High-speed X-ray phase-contrast imaging of the cavitating flow developing within an axisymmetric throttle orifice has been conducted using high-flux synchrotron radiation. A white X-ray beam with energy of 6 keV was utilized to visualize the highly turbulent flow at 67 890 frames per second with an exposure time of 347 ns. The working medium employed was commercial diesel fuel at flow conditions characterized by Reynolds and cavitation numbers in the range of 18 000–35 500 and 1.6–7.7, respectively. Appropriate post-processing of the obtained side-view radiographs enabled the detailed illustration of the interface topology of the arising vortical cavity. In addition, the visualization temporal and spatial resolution allowed the correlation of the prevailing flow conditions to the periodicity of cavitation onset and collapse, to the magnitude of the underlying vortical motion, as well as to the local turbulence intensity.
Replacing carbohydrate during a glucose challenge with the egg white portion or whole eggs protects against postprandial impairments in vascular endothelial function in prediabetic men by limiting increases in glycaemia and lipid peroxidation
Authors: McDonald Joshua D. , Chitchumroonchokchai Chureeporn , Li Jinhui , Mah Eunice , Labyk Allison N. , Reverri Elizabeth J. , Ballard Kevin D. , Volek Jeff S. , Bruno Richard S. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractEggs attenuate postprandial hyperglycaemia (PPH), which transiently impairs vascular endothelial function (VEF). We hypothesised that co-ingestion of a glucose challenge with egg-based meals would protect against glucose-induced impairments in VEF by attenuating PPH and oxidative stress. A randomised, cross-over study was conducted in prediabetic men (n20) who ingested isoenegertic meals (1674 kJ (400 kcal)) containing 100 g glucose (GLU), or 75 g glucose with 1·5 whole eggs (EGG), seven egg whites (WHITE) or two egg yolks (YOLK). At 30 min intervals for 3 h, brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD), plasma glucose, insulin, cholecystokinin (CCK), lipids (total, LDL- and HDL-cholesterol; TAG), F2-isoprostanes normalised to arachidonic acid (F2-IsoPs/AA), and methylglyoxal were assessed. In GLU, FMD decreased at 30–60 min and returned to baseline levels by 90 min. GLU-mediated decreases in FMD were attenuated at 30–60 min in EGG and WHITE. Compared with GLU, FMDAUCwas higher in EGG and WHITE only. Relative to baseline, glucose increased at 30–120 min in GLU and YOLK but only at 30–90 min in EGG and WHITE. GlucoseAUCand insulinAUCwere also lower in EGG and WHITE only. However, CCKAUCwas higher in EGG and WHITE compared with GLU. Compared with GLU, F2-IsoPs/AAAUCwas lower in EGG and WHITE but unaffected by YOLK. Postprandial lipids and methylglyoxal did not differ between treatments. Thus, replacing a portion of a glucose challenge with whole eggs or egg whites, but not yolks, limits postprandial impairments in VEF by attenuating increases in glycaemia and lipid peroxidation.
‘Sit and tilt’ preparation for subscapular system free flaps
Authors: Mark J , Patwa H , Costello M S , Patil Y 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackground:The ablation of advanced head and neck cancer often results in large three-dimensional defects that require free tissue transfer to optimally address functional and cosmetic issues. The subscapular system is a highly versatile donor site for flaps used for head and neck reconstruction. Traditional methods of harvesting subscapular flaps require repositioning and re-preparing, which significantly increases the operative time and prevents simultaneous harvesting of the flap.Method:This paper presents our experience of a single-stage ‘sit and tilt’ technique, which provides a convenient method for harvesting subscapular system free flaps without significant repositioning.Results and conclusion:This technique was used for a variety of head and neck defects, and body habitus did not seem to affect free tissue harvesting. It is hoped that utilisation of this preparation and harvesting technique will make head and neck surgeons more willing to take advantage of the subscapular system.
LOGICALITY AND MEANING
Authors: SAGI GIL 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn standard model-theoretic semantics, the meaning of logical terms is said to be fixed in the system while that of nonlogical terms remains variable. Much effort has been devoted to characterizing logical terms, those terms that should be fixed, but little has been said on their role in logical systems: on what fixing their meaning precisely amounts to. My proposal is that when a term is considered logical in model theory, what gets fixed is itsintensionrather than its extension. I provide a rigorous way of spelling out this idea, and show that it leads to a graded account of logicality: the less structure a term requires in order for its intension to be fixed, the more logical it is. Finally, I focus on the class of terms that are invariant under isomorphisms, as they render themselves more easily to mathematical treatment. I propose a mathematical measure for the logicality of such terms based on their associated Löwenheim numbers.
Individuals with currently untreated mental illness: causal beliefs and readiness to seek help
Authors: Stolzenburg S. , Freitag S. , Evans-Lacko S. , Speerforck S. , Schmidt S. , Schomerus G. 
Published: January 2018

Aims.Many people with mental illness do not seek professional help. Beliefs about the causes of their current health problem seem relevant for initiating treatment. Our aim was to find out to what extent the perceived causes of current untreated mental health problems determine whether a person considers herself/himself as having a mental illness, perceives need for professional help and plans to seek help in the near future.Methods.In a cross-sectional study, we examined 207 untreated persons with a depressive syndrome, all fulfilling criteria for a current mental illness as confirmed with a structured diagnostic interview (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview). The sample was recruited in the community using adverts, flyers and social media. We elicited causal explanations for the present problem, depression literacy, self-identification as having a mental illness, perceived need for professional help, help-seeking intentions, severity of depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire – Depression), and whether respondents had previously sought mental healthcare.Results.Most participants fulfilled diagnostic criteria for a mood disorder (n = 181, 87.4%) and/or neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders (n = 120, 58.0%) according to the ICD-10. N = 94 (45.4%) participants had never received mental health treatment previously. Exploratory factor analysis of a list of 25 different causal explanations resulted in five factors: biomedical causes, person-related causes, childhood trauma, current stress and unhealthy behaviour. Attributing the present problem to biomedical causes, person-related causes, childhood trauma and stress were all associated with stronger self-identification as having a mental illness. In persons who had never received mental health treatment previously, attribution to biomedical causes was related to greater perceived need and stronger help-seeking intentions. In those with treatment experience, lower attribution to person-related causes and stress were related to greater perceived need for professional help.Conclusions.While several causal explanations are associated with self-identification as having a mental illness, only biomedical attributions seem to be related to increase perceived need and help-seeking intentions, especially in individuals with no treatment experiences. Longitudinal studies investigating causal beliefs and help-seeking are needed to find out how causal attributions guide help-seeking behaviour. From this study it seems possible that portraying professional mental health treatment as not being restricted to biomedical problems would contribute to closing the treatment gap for mental disorders.