bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A role for core planar polarity proteins in cell contact-mediated orientation of planar cell division across the mammalian embryonic skin
Authors: Oozeer Fazal , Yates Laura L. , Dean Charlotte , Formstone Caroline J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe question of how cell division orientation is determined is fundamentally important for understanding tissue and organ shape in both healthy or disease conditions. Here we provide evidence for cell contact-dependent orientation of planar cell division in the mammalian embryonic skin. We propose a model where the core planar polarity proteins Celsr1 and Frizzled-6 (Fz6) communicate the long axis orientation of interphase basal cells to neighbouring basal mitoses so that they align their horizontal division plane along the same axis. The underlying mechanism requires a direct, cell surface, planar polarised cue, which we posit depends upon variant post-translational forms of Celsr1 protein coupled to Fz6. Our hypothesis has parallels with contact-mediated division orientation in early C. elegans embryos suggesting functional conservation between the adhesion-GPCRs Celsr1 and Latrophilin-1. We propose that linking planar cell division plane with interphase neighbour long axis geometry reinforces axial bias in skin spreading around the mouse embryo body.
No evidence of inbreeding depression in a Tasmanian devil insurance population despite significant variation in inbreeding
Authors: Gooley Rebecca , Hogg Carolyn J. , Belov Katherine , Grueber Catherine E. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractInbreeding depression occurs when inbred individuals experience reduced fitness as a result of reduced genome-wide heterozygosity. The Tasmanian devil faces extinction due to a contagious cancer, devil facial tumour disease (DFTD). An insurance metapopulation was established in 2006 to ensure the survival of the species and to be used as a source population for re-wilding and genetic rescue. The emergence of DFTD and the rapid decline of wild devil populations have rendered the species at risk of inbreeding depression. We used 33 microsatellite loci to (1) reconstruct a pedigree for the insurance population and (2) estimate genome-wide heterozygosity for 200 individuals. Using heterozygosity-fitness correlations, we investigated the effect of heterozygosity on six diverse fitness measures (ulna length, asymmetry, weight-at-weaning, testes volume, reproductive success and survival). Despite statistically significant evidence of variation in individual inbreeding in this population, we found no associations between inbreeding and any of our six fitness measurements. We propose that the benign environment in captivity may decrease the intensity of inbreeding depression, relative to the stressful conditions in the wild. Future work will need to measure fitness of released animals to facilitate translation of this data to the broader conservation management of the species in its native range.
Incidence and predictors of HBV relapse after cessation of nucleoside analogues in HBeAg-negative patients with HBsAg ≤ 200 IU/mL
Authors: Yao Chih-Chien , Hung Chao-Hung , Hu Tsung-Hui , Lu Sheng-Nan , Wang Jing-Hung , Lee Chung-Mo , Chen Chien-Hung 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe predictors of hepatitis B virus (HBV) relapse and HBsAg loss after cessation of nucleos(t)ide analogues (NA) in HBeAg-negative patients with end-of-treatment HBsAg ≤ 200 IU/mL remains unclear. The study recruited 119 chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients who achieved end-of-treatment HBsAg ≤ 200 IU/mL, were treated with lamivudine (n = 34) and entecavir (n = 85). The 5-year rates of post-treatment virological relapse, clinical relapse, and HBsAg loss at 60 months were 39.4%, 27.6%, and 45.9%, respectively. Cox regression analysis revealed that HBV DNA at entry and end-of-treatment HBsAg levels were independent predictors of virolgical and clinical relapse. HBV genotype C and end-of-treatment HBsAg were independent factors of HBsAg loss. Patients with a combination of end-of-treatment HBsAg < 50 IU/mL and HBV DNA < 2 × 105 IU/mL at entry experienced the lowest virological and clinical relapse rates (5% and 0% at 60 months, respectively). In contract, patients with a combination of end-of-treatment HBsAg ≥ 50 IU/mL and HBV DNA ≥ 2 × 105 IU/mL at entry experienced high virological and clinical relapse (80.7% and 71.5% at 60 months, respectively). No patients experienced hepatic decompensation when clinical relapse occurred after timely retreatment. A combination of HBV DNA levels at entry and end-of-treatment HBsAg levels was useful for predicting the post-treatment HBV relapse in HBeAg-negative patients with HBsAg ≤ 200 IU/mL.
Novel Algorithms for Improved Sensitivity in Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing
Authors: Johansson L. F. , de Boer E. N. , de Weerd H. A. , van Dijk F. , Elferink M. G. , Schuring-Blom G. H. , Suijkerbuijk R. F. , Sinke R. J. , te Meerman G. J. , Sijmons R. H. , Swertz M. A. , Sikkema-Raddatz B. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractNon-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) of cell-free DNA in maternal plasma, which is a mixture of maternal DNA and a low percentage of fetal DNA, can detect fetal aneuploidies using massively parallel sequencing. Because of the low percentage of fetal DNA, methods with high sensitivity and precision are required. However, sequencing variation lowers sensitivity and hampers detection of trisomy samples. Therefore, we have developed three algorithms to improve sensitivity and specificity: the chi-squared-based variation reduction (χ2VR), the regression-based Z-score (RBZ) and the Match QC score. The χ2VR reduces variability in sequence read counts per chromosome between samples, the RBZ allows for more precise trisomy prediction, and the Match QC score shows if the control group used is representative for a specific sample. We compared the performance of χ2VR to that of existing variation reduction algorithms (peak and GC correction) and that of RBZ to trisomy prediction algorithms (standard Z-score, normalized chromosome value and median-absolute-deviation-based Z-score). χ2VR and the RBZ both reduce variability more than existing methods, and thereby increase the sensitivity of the NIPT analysis. We found the optimal combination of algorithms was to use both GC correction and χ2VR for pre-processing and to use RBZ as the trisomy prediction method.
Examining the efficacy of intravenous administration of predatory bacteria in rats
Authors: Shatzkes Kenneth , Singleton Eric , Tang Chi , Zuena Michael , Shukla Sean , Gupta Shilpi , Dharani Sonal , Rinaggio Joseph , Kadouri Daniel E. , Connell Nancy D. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe proteobacteria Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus and Micavibrio aeruginosavorus are obligate predators of Gram-negative bacteria, and have been proposed to be used to treat multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. The ability of predatory bacteria to reduce bacterial burden in vivo within the lungs of rats has been demonstrated, but it was unknown if predatory bacteria can attenuate systemic bacterial burden administered intravenously. In this study, we first assessed the safety of intravenous inoculation of predatory bacteria in rats. No rat morbidity or adverse histopathology of various organs due to predatory bacteria administration was observed. An increase in proinflammatory cytokines (TNFα and KC/GRO) was observed at two hours post-inoculation; however, cytokines returned to baseline levels by 18 hours. Furthermore, bacterial dissemination analysis demonstrated that predatory bacteria were efficiently cleared from the host by 20 days post-injection. To determine whether predatory bacteria could reduce bacterial burden in vivo, Klebsiella pneumoniae was injected into the tail veins of rats and followed with multiple doses of predatory bacteria over 16 or 24 hours. Predatory bacteria were unable to significantly reduce K. pneumoniae burden in the blood or prevent dissemination to other organs. The results suggest that predatory bacteria may not be effective for treatment of acute blood infections.
Non-Targeted Effects Models Predict Significantly Higher Mars Mission Cancer Risk than Targeted Effects Models
Authors: Cucinotta Francis A. , Cacao Eliedonna 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCancer risk is an important concern for galactic cosmic ray (GCR) exposures, which consist of a wide-energy range of protons, heavy ions and secondary radiation produced in shielding and tissues. Relative biological effectiveness (RBE) factors for surrogate cancer endpoints in cell culture models and tumor induction in mice vary considerable, including significant variations for different tissues and mouse strains. Many studies suggest non-targeted effects (NTE) occur for low doses of high linear energy transfer (LET) radiation, leading to deviation from the linear dose response model used in radiation protection. Using the mouse Harderian gland tumor experiment, the only extensive data-set for dose response modelling with a variety of particle types (>4), for the first-time a particle track structure model of tumor prevalence is used to investigate the effects of NTEs in predictions of chronic GCR exposure risk. The NTE model led to a predicted risk 2-fold higher compared to a targeted effects model. The scarcity of data with animal models for tissues that dominate human radiation cancer risk, including lung, colon, breast, liver, and stomach, suggest that studies of NTEs in other tissues are urgently needed prior to long-term space missions outside the protection of the Earth’s geomagnetic sphere.
Oral administration of trace element magnesium significantly improving the cognition and locomotion in hepatic encephalopathy rats
Authors: Li Ying , Ji Chang Xue , Mei Li Hong , Qiang Jin Wei , Ju Shuai 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe therapeutic effects of iron, zinc and magnesium trace elements, as well as rifaximin were investigated and compared in HE rats. In this study, HE rats were treated with either ferrous sulfate (HE-Fe, 30 mg/kg/day), zinc sulfate (HE-Zn, 30 mg/kg/day), magnesium sulfate (HE-Mg, 50 mg/kg/day) or rifaximin (HE-Rf, 50 mg/kg/day), which was mixed with water and administered orally for 61 days. The Morris water maze (MWM) and open-field tests were used to evaluate cognitive and locomotor function. The blood ammonia levels before and after administration of the glutamine challenge test, manganese concentration and glutamine synthetase (GS) activity were measured. Significantly longer MWM escape latencies, less locomotor activity, higher blood ammonia levels, higher brain manganese concentrations and higher GS activity were observed in HE rats. However, HE-Mg and HE-Rf rats had significantly shorter MWM escape latencies, increased locomotor activity, lower blood ammonia, lower brain manganese concentrations and lower GS activity. Partial improvements were observed in HE-Fe and HE-Zn rats. The results indicated that oral administration of magnesium can significantly improve the cognitive and locomotor functions in HE rats by reducing the brain manganese concentration and regulating GS activity.
Quantitative Succinyl-Proteome Profiling of Camellia sinensis cv. ‘Anji Baicha’ During Periodic Albinism
Authors: Xu Yan-Xia , Shen Chen-Jia , Ma Jian-Qiang , Chen Wei , Mao Juan , Zhou Yan-Yan , Chen Liang 
Published: May 2017

AbstractLysine succinylation is a novel dynamic and evolutionarily conserved post-translational modification (PTM) that regulates various biological processes. ‘Anji Baicha’ is an albino tea variety that exhibits temperature-based variability of leaf colour and amino acid concentrations. However, the mechanism underlying albinism in ‘Anji Baicha’ has not been investigated at the level of succinylation. Here, we identify 3530 lysine succinylation sites mapped to 2132 proteins in ‘Anji Baicha’, representing the first extensive data on the lysine succinylome in the tea plant. Eleven conserved succinylation motifs were enriched among the identified succinylated peptides. The protein-protein interaction maps were visualized using Cytoscape software. Comparison across three typical developmental stages of ‘Anji Baicha’ revealed that proteins exhibiting differential succinylation levels were primarily involved in photosynthesis, carbon fixation, biosynthesis of amino acids and porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, suggesting that these succinylated proteins are involved in ‘Anji Baicha’ leaf colour variability. These results not only deepen our understanding of the mechanism underlying ‘Anji Baicha’ albinism and the regulatory role of succinylation in the tea plant but also provide new insight into molecular breeding for leaf colour variety.
Acute Hematological and Inflammatory Responses to High-intensity Exercise Tests: Impact of Duration and Mode of Exercise
Authors: Minuzzi Luciele , Carvalho Humberto , Brunelli Diego , Rosado Fatima , Cavaglieri Cláudia , Gonçalves Carlos , Gaspar Joana , Rama Luís , Teixeira Ana 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the hematological and inflammatory responses to 4 maximal high-intensity protocols, considering energy expenditure in each test. 9 healthy volunteers performed 4 high-intensity exercise tests of short [Wingate (WANT); Repeated-sprints (RSA)] and long durations [Continuous VO2 test (VCONT); intermittent VO2 test (VINT)] in a cycle-ergometer, until exhaustion. Hematological parameters and IL-6, IL-10 and creatine kinase (CK) levels were determined before (PRE), POST, 30 min, 1, 2, 12 and 24 h after the end of the protocols. Additionally, energy expenditure was determined. Leucocytes, erythrocytes and lymphocytes increased at POST and returned to PRE values at 30 min for all protocols. Lymphocytes had a second decreased at 2 h and granulocytes increased at 2 h when compared to PRE. Both variables returned to PRE values between 12–24 h into recovery. The magnitude of response for IL-6 was greater in VINT and for IL-10 in VCONT. There was no association of energy expenditure within each exercise protocol with the pattern of IL-6, IL-10 and CK responses to the exercise protocols. The present finding support that similar responses after continuous or intermittent acute protocols are observed when exercises are performed to volitional failure, regardless of the duration and mode of exercise.
Two Genetic Loci associated with Medial Collateral Ligament Injury
Authors: Roos Andrew , Avins Andy , Ahmed Marwa , Kleimeyer John , Roos Thomas , Fredericson Michael , Ioannidis John , Dragoo Jason , Kim Stuart 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMedial collateral ligament (MCL) injuries are a common knee injury, especially in competitive athletes. Identifying genetic loci associated with MCL injury could shed light on its etiology. A genome-wide association screen was performed using data from the Research Program in Genes, Environment and Health (RPGEH) including 1 572 cases of MCL injury and 100 931 controls. 2 SNPs (rs80351309 and rs6083471) showed an association with MCL injury at genome-wide significance (p<5×10−8) with moderate effects (odds ratios=2.12 and 1.57, respectively). For rs80351309, the genotypes were imputed with only moderate accuracy, so this SNP should be viewed with caution until its association with MCL injury can be validated. The SNPs rs80351309 and rs6083471 show a statistically significant association with MCL injury. It will be important to replicate this finding in future studies.
‘It Would Be without Error’: Automated Technology and the Pursuit of Correct Performance in the French Enlightenment
Authors: Cypess Rebecca 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMarie-Dominique-Joseph Engramelle's treatise La tonotechnie, ou l'art de noter les cylindres (1775) claimed that automated instruments driven by pinned cylinders would grant listeners direct access to music as the composer conceived it. Standard notation was insufficient, as it did not capture the music's mouvement – its temporal flexibility from moment to moment. Denis Diderot provided an aesthetic justification for automated instruments in terms that linked them to materialist philosophy. Like android automata, which simulated life through automated motion, automated musical instruments encoded live music to simulate the ideal performance of a composer. Yet Engramelle's collaboration with the composer Claude Balbastre, which resulted in a pinned-cylinder notage of one of Balbastre's keyboard pieces, raises crucial questions about the effectiveness of the technology and its notation, and about Engramelle's claims and his own musical skill. Engramelle's project is best understood as a performance unto itself – a manifestation of the cultures of public science that were widespread in the European Enlightenment.
Memories Spoken and Unspoken: Hearing the Narrative Voice in Dichterliebe
Authors: Weaver Andrew H. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTThe question of what happens when a composer alters a poet's poetic cycle haunts examinations of many song cycles and has proven especially problematic for Robert Schumann's Dichterliebe. The long-held view that Schumann crafted a clear plot from Heine's non-narrative Lyrisches Intermezzo has recently been questioned in favour of a view of the cycle as an incoherent fragment. Using the tools of narratology, this article argues that Dichterliebe is both a fragment and a coherent whole, a string of memories held together by a distinct narrative logic. Identifying two poetic voices illuminates the cycle's narrative strategy and also sheds light on problematic aspects of the music, including Schumann's deletion of four songs, the voice–piano relationship and the enigmatic final postlude. This article proposes answers to age-old questions about Dichterliebe while also offering a fresh approach to the study of song cycles.
Nietzsche's Critique of Musical Decadence: The Case of Wagner in Historical Perspective
Authors: Fry Katherine 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTAlthough philosophical and biographical accounts of Nietzsche and Wagner abound, the musical issues at stake in the late text Der Fall Wagner (The Case of Wagner, 1888) have rarely been addressed within their wider cultural context. This article explores the nineteenth-century concepts of decadence and degeneration as relevant for understanding the ambivalence of Nietzsche's late critique of Wagner. Emphasizing his affinity with contemporary French criticism, it argues that his late texts advance a theory of decadence pertinent to current music history and criticism. It locates The Case of Wagner within the larger discourse of degeneration, probing similarities to and differences from the work of surrounding critics of Wagnerism. Nietzsche's critique combines a condemnation of Wagner's music with a more positive appreciation of the composer's historical relevance. Yet his writings also reveal a fundamental conflict between his personal involvement with Wagner's music and his philosophical quest to analyse this music as expressive of modernity.
Confronting Opera in the 1960s: Birtwistle's Punch and Judy
Authors: Wiebe Heather 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTBirtwistle's Punch and Judy arrived at a crucial moment for new opera. It premièred in 1968 at the Aldeburgh Festival, the home of a vision of British opera that Punch and Judy seemed actively to confront. However, Punch and Judy also engaged closely with operatic traditions and institutions, and while its Aldeburgh première is remembered as a scandalous provocation, a closer look at this event suggests that the opera was welcomed as a subtle intervention into the British operatic scene rather than a repudiation of it. The opera itself, moreover, performs a similar sense of revolt as inseparable from tradition, of individuality as inseparable from institutions and audiences, and of the supports for artistic production as necessarily also constraints.
Gender Differences in Longitudinal Trajectories of Change in Physical, Social, and Cognitive/Sedentary Leisure Activities
Authors: Finkel Deborah , Andel Ross , Pedersen Nancy L 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Objective
We examined changes in participation in cognitive, social, and physical leisure activities across middle and older adulthood and tested moderation of trajectories of change in participation by gender.

Method
In all, 1,398 participants in the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging (SATSA) completed a 7-item leisure activity questionnaire up to 4 times over 17 years. Mean baseline age was 64.9 years (range = 36–91); 59% were women. Factor analysis identified physical, social, and cognitive/sedentary leisure activity participation factors. Age-based latent growth curve models adjusted for marital status, gender, education, depressive symptoms, and physical health were used.

Results
Overall, results indicated stability in social activities, increase in cognitive/sedentary activities, and decrease in physical activities, as well as accelerated decline in all three types of activities after about the age of 70 years. Social activity remained mostly stable for women and declined for men. Women reported higher levels of cognitive/sedentary leisure activity across the study. Both men and women declined in physical leisure activity. Variance in leisure activities increased with age; men demonstrated more variance in social activities and women in physical activities.

Conclusions
Understanding change in leisure activities with age and by gender can have important implications for interventions and for use of leisure activity data in epidemiological research.
Unit conversions between LOINC codes
Authors: Hauser Ronald G , Quine Douglas B , Ryder Alex , Campbell Sheldon 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC) is the most widely used controlled vocabulary to identify laboratory tests. A given laboratory test can often be reported in more than 1 unit of measure (eg, grams or moles), and LOINC defines unique codes for each unit. Consequently, an identical laboratory test performed by 2 different clinical laboratories may have different LOINC codes. The absence of unit conversions between compatible LOINC codes impedes data aggregation and analysis of laboratory results. To develop such conversions, a computational process was developed to review the LOINC standard for potential conversions, and multiple expert reviewers oversaw and finalized the conversion list. In all, 285 bidirectional conversions were identified, including conversions for routine clinical tests such as sodium, magnesium, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Unit conversions were applied to the aggregation of laboratory test results to demonstrate their usefulness. Diverse informatics projects may benefit from the ability to interconvert compatible results.