bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mobile payments in global markets using biometrics and cloud
Authors: Pal Doyel , Khethavath Praveenkumar , Chen Tingting , Zhang Yuan 
Published: February 2017

SummaryPayment methods using mobile devices instead of using traditional methods (cash, credit card, etc) has been gaining popularity all over the world. The ubiquitous nature of smartphones and tablets has widened the ambit for using these devices for payments and other daily life activities. Recent advancements in mobile technology along with the convenience of mobile devices made these applications possible. Despite the worldwide user adoption of mobile applications, security is the key challenge in mobile banking and payments system. Mobile payments systems need to be very efficient and provide utmost security endlessly. State‐of‐the‐art mobile payment systems need the physical presence of a merchant agent to make a payment. In this article, we had described in detail about the design and implementation of a mobile payments application, used to make in‐store purchases and make secure payments without any physical presence of a cashier or a merchant agent. We proposed a novel privacy‐preserving and secure authentication algorithm to make mobile payments using biometrics. The analysis and experimental results show the reliability and efficiency of our proposed solution.
A p57 conditional mutant allele that allows tracking of p57‐expressing cells
Authors: Mademtzoglou Despoina , Alonso‐Martin Sonia , Chang Ted Hung‐Tse , Bismuth Keren , Drayton‐Libotte Bernadette , Aurade Frédéric , Relaix Frédéric 
Published: February 2017

Abstractp57Kip2 (p57) is a maternally expressed imprinted gene regulating growth arrest which belongs to the CIP/KIP family of cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitors. While initially identified as a cell cycle arrest protein through inhibition of cyclin and cyclin‐dependent kinase complexes, p57 activity has also been linked to differentiation, apoptosis, and senescence. In addition, p57 has recently been shown to be involved in tumorigenesis and cell fate decisions in stem cells. Yet, p57 function in adult tissues remains poorly characterized due to the perinatal lethality of p57 knock‐out mice. To analyze p57 tissue‐specific activity, we generated a conditional mouse line (p57FL‐ILZ/+) by flanking the coding exons 2–3 by LoxP sites. To track p57‐expressing or mutant cells, the p57FL‐ILZ allele also contains an IRES‐linked β‐galactosidase reporter inserted in the 3′ UTR of the gene. Here, we show that the β‐galactosidase reporter expression pattern recapitulates p57 tissue specificity during development and in postnatal mice. Furthermore, we crossed the p57FL‐ILZ/+ mice with PGK‐Cre mice to generate p57cKO‐ILZ/+ animals with ubiquitous loss of p57. p57cKO‐ILZ/+ mice display developmental phenotypes analogous to previously described p57 knock‐outs. Thus, p57FL‐ILZ/+ is a new genetic tool allowing expression and functional conditional analyses of p57.
A continuous single organic phase process for the lipase catalyzed synthesis of peroxy acids increases productivity
Authors: Meyer Janine , Horst Angelika E. W. , Steinhagen Max , Holtmann Dirk , Ansorge‐Schumacher Marion B. , Kraume Matthias , Drews Anja 
Published: February 2017

The design of an optimal process is particularly crucial when the reactants deactivate the biocatalyst. The reaction cascades of the chemo‐enzymatic epoxidation where the intermediate peroxy acid is produced by an enzyme are still limited by enzyme inhibition and deactivation by hydrogen peroxide.To avoid additional effects caused by interfaces (aq/org) and to reduce the process limiting deactivation by the substrate hydrogen peroxide, a single‐phase concept was applied in a fed‐batch and a continuous process (stirred tank), without the commonly applied addition of a carrier solvent. The synthesis of peroxyoctanoic acid catalyzed by Candida antarctica lipase B was chosen as the model reaction.Here, the feasibility of this biocatalytic reaction in a single‐phase system was shown for the first time. The work shows the economic superiority of the continuous process compared to the fed‐batch process. Employing the fed‐batch process reaction rates up to 36 mmol h−1 per gramcat, and a maximum yield of 96 % was achieved, but activity dropped quickly. In contrast, continuous operation can maintain long‐term enzyme activity. For the first time, the continuous enzymatic reaction could be performed for 55 h without any loss of activity and with a space‐time yield of 154 mmol L−1 h−1, which is three times higher than in the fed‐batch process. The higher catalytic productivity compared to the fed‐batch process (34 vs. 18 gProd g−1cat) shows the increased enzyme stability in the continuous process.
Comprehensive genomic and phenotypic characterization of germline FH deletion in hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Vocke Cathy D. , Ricketts Christopher J. , Merino Maria J. , Srinivasan Ramaprasad , Metwalli Adam R. , Middelton Lindsay A. , Peterson James , Yang Youfeng , Linehan W. Marston 
Published: February 2017

AbstractHereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma (HLRCC) is a familial cancer syndrome associated with the development of cutaneous and uterine leiomyomas, and an aggressive form of type 2 papillary kidney cancer. HLRCC is characterized by germline mutation of the FH gene. This study evaluated the prevalence and clinical phenotype of FH deletions in HLRCC patients. Patients with phenotypic manifestations consistent with HLRCC who lacked detectable germline FH intragenic mutations were investigated for FH deletion. A series of 28 patients from 13 families were evaluated using a combination of a comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) array and/or CLIA‐approved FH deletion/duplication analyses. Thirteen distinct germline deletions were identified in the 13 UOB families, including 11 complete FH gene deletions and 2 partial FH gene deletions. The size of eight evaluated complete FH deletions varied from ∼4.74 Mb to 249 kb, with all deletions resulting in additional gene losses. Two partial FH gene deletions were identified, with one resulting in loss of exon 1 and the upstream region of the FH gene only. Kidney cancer was diagnosed in 9 (32%) of 28 patients and 7 (54%) of 13 families possessing either complete or partial FH deletions. Cutaneous and uterine leiomyomas were observed at similar rates to those in FH point mutation families. Complete or partial FH gene alterations in HLRCC families are associated with all of the canonical HLRCC manifestations, including type 2 papillary kidney cancer and should be screened for in any patient at‐risk for this disorder.
Quantitative characterization of the carbon/carbon composites components based on video of polarized light microscope
Authors: Li Yixian , Qi Lehua , Song Yongshan , Chao Xujiang 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe components of carbon/carbon (C/C) composites have significant influence on the thermal and mechanical properties, so a quantitative characterization of component is necessary to study the microstructure of C/C composites, and further to improve the macroscopic properties of C/C composites. Considering the extinction crosses of the pyrocarbon matrix have significant moving features, the polarized light microscope (PLM) video is used to characterize C/C composites quantitatively because it contains sufficiently dynamic and structure information. Then the optical flow method is introduced to compute the optical flow field between the adjacent frames, and segment the components of C/C composites from PLM image by image processing. Meanwhile the matrix with different textures is re‐segmented by the length difference of motion vectors, and then the component fraction of each component and extinction angle of pyrocarbon matrix are calculated directly. Finally, the C/C composites are successfully characterized from three aspects of carbon fiber, pyrocarbon, and pores by a series of image processing operators based on PLM video, and the errors of component fractions are less than 15%.
Morphological and physiological responses of different wheat genotypes to chilling stress: a cue to explain yield loss
Authors: Li Pu‐Fang , Ma Bao‐Luo , Xiong You‐Cai , Zhang Wen‐Yuan 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe eco‐physiological mechanism of wheat yield loss resulting from chilling stress is a fundamental scientific issue. However, previous studies have focused on hexaploid wheats, and few studies on the morphological and physiological plasticity of wheat plants. Six different wheat genotypes were tested under chilling stress to investigate the physio‐morphological parameters as well as the loss of grain yield in growth chambers.RESULTSChilling stress resulted in significant loss in grain yield in all genotypes. Under chilling stress, diploid wheats generated zero harvest, and tetraploid genotypes also suffered from a pronounced loss in grain yield, compared with the control group. In contrast, hexaploid genotypes acquired relatively high maintenance rate of grain yield among three species.CONCLUSIONSDiploid and tetraploid wheat genotypes maintained relatively large leaf area and high photosynthetic rates, but they were subjected to significant declines in vascular bundle number and productive tillers as a consequence of the inhibition by sink growth under chilling stress. The hexaploid wheats were found to have relatively low leaf area and photosynthetic rates. These genotypes also stored more soluble carbohydrates and exhibited stronger sink enhancement, ensuring the translocation and redistribution of assimilates. Our findings provided a new theoretical understanding of yield stabilization in the domestication process of wheat genotypes under chilling stress. © 2017 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Patterns of care and survival of adjuvant radiation for major salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma
Authors: Lee Anna , Givi Babak , Osborn Virginia W. , Schwartz David , Schreiber David 
Published: February 2017

Objectives/HypothesisNational Cancer Care Network guidelines suggest consideration of adjuvant radiation even for early stage adenoid cystic carcinoma of the salivary glands. We used the National Cancer Data Base (NCDB) to analyze practice patterns and outcomes of postoperative radiotherapy for adenoid cystic carcinomas.Study DesignRetrospective NCDB review.MethodsPatients with nonmetastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma of the parotid, submandibular, or another major salivary gland from 2004 to 2012 were identified. Information was collected regarding receipt of postoperative radiation. The Kaplan‐Meier method was used to assess overall survival and Cox regression analysis to assess impact of covariates.ResultsThere were 1,784 patients included. Median age was 57 years old and median follow up was 47.5 months. Of the patients, 72.4% of underwent partial/total parotidectomy and 73.6% received postoperative radiation. The 5‐year survival was 72.5% for those receiving surgery alone compared to 82.4% for those receiving postoperative radiation (P < .001). On subgroup analysis, this survival difference favoring postoperative radiation was significant for pT1‐2N0 (P < .001), pT3‐4N0 (P = .047), pTanyN+ (P < .001), and for positive margins (P = .001), but not for negative margins (P = .053). On multivariable analysis, postoperative radiation remained associated with improved overall survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.63, 95% confidence interval: 0.50‐0.80, P < .001). The utilization of intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) increased from 16.9% in 2004 to 56.3% in 2012 (P < .001). There was no survival benefit for IMRT over three‐dimensional radiation therapy (HR = 0.84, P = .19).ConclusionsPostoperative radiation therapy for salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma was associated with improved survival even for those with early‐stage disease.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 127:2057–2062, 2017
Nitrogen and phosphorus colimitation of phytoplankton in Lake Baikal: Insights from a spatial survey and nutrient enrichment experiments
Authors: O'Donnell Daniel R. , Wilburn Paul , Silow Eugene A. , Yampolsky Lev Y. , Litchman Elena 
Published: February 2017

AbstractLake Baikal, Siberia, is the most biodiverse freshwater lake on Earth. However, despite decades of painstaking limnological research on Baikal, broad spatial data on nutrient (nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), silica (Si)) concentrations and temperature are sparse, as is our understanding of the bottom‐up factors that limit phytoplankton in the lake. Earlier studies have suggested both N and P as limiting nutrients in Baikal, but the evidence, mostly based on elemental ratios, is limited and somewhat conflicting. We present experimental evidence that N and P co‐limit phytoplankton productivity in some areas of Baikal during summer, along with the results of a comprehensive spatial survey of surface temperature, nutrients and chlorophyll a (Chl a) in Lake Baikal that support the experimental finding of colimitation. Surface water incubations from two trophically contrasting locations revealed co‐limitation by N and P, as well as a positive effect of temperature (fluorescence after 5 d was ∼10% higher at 15°C than at 10°C). In a linear model of the survey data (26 sampling locations), N, P, and their interaction (N × P) were all significant predictors of Chl a concentration, indicating that either N or P (or both) may limit summer phytoplankton, depending on location. In contrast to the incubation experiments, temperature was not a significant predictor of Chl a concentration across the 26 sites we sampled. Lake Baikal is undergoing rapid warming and increased nutrient loading, which may boost phytoplankton productivity in the lake; however, the magnitude of this response will depend on ratios of soluble N and P inputs.
Methods for the estimation of the biovolume of microorganisms: A critical review
Authors: Saccà Alessandro 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBiomass estimation is central in most microbial plankton ecology studies. Numerous advances have been made that rendered this task more and more effective, from the introduction of allometric volume‐to‐carbon conversion factors to the development of submersible flow‐through imaging devices. Although several ingenious methods have been suggested for this purpose, the problem of biovolume extrapolation from two‐dimensional pictures remains. This study offers a historical and critical review of the methods for the estimation of the biovolume of microorganisms that have been proposed throughout the last four decades. It covers three main approaches—respectively based on a single equation, a set of simple or composite geometric shapes or a computational algorithm—as well as several methods featuring exclusive characteristics. Both strengths and shortcomings of each technique are analyzed, with particular emphasis on compatibility with the most recent flow‐through devices coupled with in situ imaging systems. A composite picture emerges with no such unique method, at present, suitable for every situation. This review can thus be a valuable guide for the microbial plankton ecologist who seeks the most suitable technique for a specific circumstance.
Parkinson's disease and Parkinson's disease medications have distinct signatures of the gut microbiome
Authors: Hill‐Burns Erin M. , Debelius Justine W. , Morton James T. , Wissemann William T. , Lewis Matthew R. , Wallen Zachary D. , Peddada Shyamal D. , Factor Stewart A. , Molho Eric , Zabetian Cyrus P. , Knight Rob , Payami Haydeh 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTBackgroundThere is mounting evidence for a connection between the gut and Parkinson's disease (PD). Dysbiosis of gut microbiota could explain several features of PD.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to determine if PD involves dysbiosis of gut microbiome, disentangle effects of confounders, and identify candidate taxa and functional pathways to guide research.MethodsA total of 197 PD cases and 130 controls were studied. Microbial composition was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing of DNA extracted from stool. Metadata were collected on 39 potential confounders including medications, diet, gastrointestinal symptoms, and demographics. Statistical analyses were conducted while controlling for potential confounders and correcting for multiple testing. We tested differences in the overall microbial composition, taxa abundance, and functional pathways.ResultsIndependent microbial signatures were detected for PD (P = 4E‐5), participants' region of residence within the United States (P = 3E‐3), age (P = 0.03), sex (P = 1E‐3), and dietary fruits/vegetables (P = 0.01). Among patients, independent signals were detected for catechol‐O‐methyltransferase‐inhibitors (P = 4E‐4), anticholinergics (P = 5E‐3), and possibly carbidopa/levodopa (P = 0.05). We found significantly altered abundances of the Bifidobacteriaceae, Christensenellaceae, [Tissierellaceae], Lachnospiraceae, Lactobacillaceae, Pasteurellaceae, and Verrucomicrobiaceae families. Functional predictions revealed changes in numerous pathways, including the metabolism of plant‐derived compounds and xenobiotics degradation.ConclusionPD is accompanied by dysbiosis of gut microbiome. Results coalesce divergent findings of prior studies, reveal altered abundance of several taxa, nominate functional pathways, and demonstrate independent effects of PD medications on the microbiome. The findings provide new leads and testable hypotheses on the pathophysiology and treatment of PD. © 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Episodic weakness and Charcot–marie–tooth disease due to a mitochondrial MT‐ATP6 mutation
Authors: Panosyan Francis B. , Tawil Rabi , Herrmann David N. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTIntroductionEpisodic muscle weakness is the hallmark of a heterogeneous group of disorders known as periodic paralysis. A majority are due to single nucleotide mutations causing membrane depolarization.MethodsWe report 2 family members with chronic, slowly progressive, distal axonal neuropathy, or Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 2 (CMT2) and episodic weakness resembling periodic paralysis.ResultsNext generation sequencing (NGS) identified a mitochondrial MT‐ATP6 mutation m.9185T>C (p.Leu220Pro) in both patients, consistent with a previous report of an association with this phenotype. The episodic weakness has been responsive to acetazolamide therapy for a few decades. By contrast, the underlying axonal neuropathy is quite progressive despite treatment with acetazolamide.ConclusionsMitochondrial DNA mutations should be considered in patients with a history of episodic weakness and axonal inherited neuropathy (CMT2). The episodic weakness is responsive to acetazolamide therapy, and electrophysiological testing for periodic paralysis with a long exercise protocol is negative in these cases. Muscle Nerve 55: 922–927, 2017
Efficacy of onabotulinum toxin A injection in pediatric patients with non‐neurogenic detrusor overactivity
Authors: Bayrak Omer , Sadioglu Erkan , Sen Haluk , Dogan Kazim , Erturhan Sakip , Seckiner Ilker 
Published: February 2017

AIMSTo evaluate the effectiveness and reliability of onabotulinum toxin A (onaBoNT‐A) injections in pediatric patients with non‐neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NNDO).METHODSBetween January 2010 and February 2016, 39 patients underwent onaBoNT‐A injections for NNDO, and were evaluated retrospectively. Three‐day voiding diary was filled at baseline, and at the postoperative 9th month. The voiding frequency, incontinence episodes, and the cystometric capacity were noted. Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) associated with NNDO, and presence of nocturia were recorded. Additional injection requirements were also stated.RESULTSWe reached the data of 33 patients on 9th month. The mean age was determined as 8.75 ± 3.01 (5‐16) years. Initially, the mean bladder capacity was calculated as 114.66 ± 35.23 mL on the voiding diary, and 153.15 ± 47.40 mL on the baseline urodynamic study. After the procedures, the mean bladder capacity increased to 140.84 ± 45.61 mL (P = 0.0011), the mean daily voiding frequency decreased from 10.36 ± 1.05 to 7.42 ± 0.83 (P = 0.01), and the mean incontinence episodes decreased from 2.72 ± 1.87 to 1.18 ± 1.13 (P = 0.001), on voiding diary. VUR associated with NNDO was determined in 10 (30.3%) patients. The degree of VUR decreased three in patients, and VUR disappeared in five patients following the injections (P = 0.011). Fourteen (42.4%) patients had nocturia, and after the injections, nocturia disappeared in five (15.15%) patients (P = 0.151). Additional injections were required in 10 (30.3%) patients at the 9th month.CONCLUSIONSOnaBoNT‐A injections can be used in the pediatric patients with NNDO as an effective and reliable procedure by decreasing voiding frequency, incontinence episodes, and increasing bladder capacity, with negligible side effects and complications.
Optimization of inhomogeneous magnetization transfer (ihMT) MRI contrast for preclinical studies using dipolar relaxation time (T1D) filtering
Authors: Prevost V.H. , Girard O.M. , Mchinda S. , Varma G. , Alsop D.C. , Duhamel G. 
Published: February 2017

A pulsed inhomogeneous magnetization transfer (ihMT)‐prepared fast imaging sequence was implemented at 11.75 T for preclinical studies on mouse central nervous system. A strategy based on filtering the ihMT signal originating from short dipolar relaxation time (T1D) components is proposed. It involves increasing the repetition time of consecutive radiofrequency (RF) pulses of the dual saturation and allows improved signal specificity for long T1D myelinated structures. Furthermore, frequency offset, power and timing saturation parameters were adjusted to optimize the ihMT sensitivity. The optimization of the ihMT sensitivity, whilst preserving the strong specificity for the long T1D component of myelinated tissues, allowed measurements of ihMT ratios on the order of 4–5% in white matter (WM), 2.5% in gray matter (GM) and 1–1.3% in muscle. This led to high relative ihMT contrasts between myelinated tissues and others (~3–4 between WM and muscle, and ≥2 between GM and muscle). Conversely, higher ihMT ratios (~6–7% in WM) could be obtained using minimal T1D filtering achieved with short saturation pulse repetition time or cosine‐modulated pulses for the dual‐frequency saturation. This study represents a first stage in the process of validating ihMT as a myelin biomarker by providing optimized ihMT preclinical sequences, directly transposable and applicable to other preclinical magnetic fields and scanners. Finally, ihMT ratios measured in various central nervous system areas are provided for future reference.
Ill‐defined chemical concepts: The problem of quantification
Authors: Grunenberg Jörg 
Published: February 2017

AbstractFrom time to time, ill‐defined concepts leads to never‐ending discussions in the chemical literature. “Is there a quadruple bond in the C2 molecule? What about the boron–boron triple bond? Can we uniquely define concepts like aromaticity or bond order at all?” With this tutorial review I would like to point out that some of the contemporary publications in chemistry are characterized by a confusion of ideas and concepts, and in part ill definitions. And, that exactly those ill‐defined concepts lead to never ending controversies in the literature. Examples of well‐ and ill‐defined concepts in chemistry are discussed.