bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationships between HLA class II alleles and antigens with gestational diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis
Authors: Guo Cong-cong , Jin Yi-mei , Lee Kenneth Ka Ho , Yang Guang , Jing Chun-xia , Yang Xuesong 
Published: October 2016

AbstractGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. It is associated with an increased risk of pregnancy complications. Susceptibility to GDM is partly determined by genetics and linked with type 1 diabetes-associated high risk HLA class II genes. However, the evidence for this relationship is still highly controversial. In this study, we assessed the relationship between HLA class II variants and GDM. We performed meta-analysis on all of literatures available in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases. The odds ratio and 95% confidence interval of each variant were estimated. All statistical analyses were conducted using the Comprehensive Meta Analysis 2.2.064 software. At the allelic analysis, DQB1*02, DQB1*0203, DQB1*0402, DQB1*0602, DRB1*03, DRB1*0301 and DRB1*1302 reached a nominal level of significance, and only DQB1*02, DQB1*0602 and DRB1*1302 were statistically significant after Bonferroni correction. At the serological analysis, none of DQ2, DQ6, DR13 and DR17 was statistically significant following Bonferroni correction although they reached a nominal level of significance. In sum, our meta-analysis demonstrated that there were the associations between HLA class II variants and GDM but more studies are required to elucidate how these variants contribute to GDM susceptibility.
Development, validation and application of a device to measure e-cigarette users’ puffing topography
Authors: Cunningham Anthony , Slayford Sandra , Vas Carl , Gee Jodie , Costigan Sandra , Prasad Krishna 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWith the rapidly rising popularity and substantial evolution of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) in the past 5–6 years, how these devices are used by vapers and consumers’ exposure to aerosol emissions need to be understood. We used puffing topography to measure directly product use. We adapted a cigarette puffing topography device for use with e-cigarettes. We performed validation using air and e-cigarette aerosol under multiple regimes. Consumer puffing topography was measured for 60 vapers provided with rechargeable “cig-a-like” or larger button-activated e-cigarettes, to use ad-libitum in two sessions. Under all regimes, air puff volumes were within 1 mL of the target and aerosol volumes within 5 mL for all device types, serving to validate the device. Vapers’ mean puff durations (2.0 s and 2.2 s) were similar with both types of e-cigarette, but mean puff volumes (52.2 mL and 83.0 mL) and mean inter-puff intervals (23.2 s and 29.3 s) differed significantly. The differing data show that product characteristics influence puffing topography and, therefore, the results obtained from a given e-cigarette might not read across to other products. Understanding the factors that affect puffing topography will be important for standardising testing protocols for e-cigarette emissions.
ZVT‐PWM DC–DC boost converter with active snubber cell
Authors: Ting Naim Suleyman , Aksoy Ismail , Sahin Yakup 
Published: October 2016

In this study, a novel zero voltage transition pulse width modulation (ZVT‐PWM) DC–DC boost converter with an active snubber cell is proposed. All of the semiconductor devices in the converter turn on and off with soft switching (SS). The main feature of the proposed converter is the absence of extra current or voltage stress on the main switch and main diode. There is also no extra voltage stress on the auxiliary switch and the auxiliary diodes. The main switch turns on with ZVT and turns off with zero voltage switching. The auxiliary switch turns on with zero current switching and turns off with zero current transition. The proposed converter smoothly operates under light‐load conditions. Having a simple structure at low cost is the main advantage of the proposed converter. This study also realises the theoretical analysis of the proposed converter. The experimental results, the operating stages and the key waveforms of the proposed converter, are given in detail for 500 W and 100 kHz switching frequency. Moreover, it is shown that the overall efficiency reaches a value of 97.8% at nominal output power. The proposed SS topology can be used in applications with the battery power source and low‐voltage DC‐link.
Applying systems theory to the evaluation of a whole school approach to violence prevention
Authors: Kearney Sarah , Leung Loksee , Joyce Andrew , Ollis Debbie , Green Celia 
Published: October 2016

Issue addressedOur Watch led a complex 12‐month evaluation of a whole school approach to Respectful Relationships Education (RRE) implemented in 19 schools. RRE is an emerging field aimed at preventing gender‐based violence. This paper will illustrate how from an implementation science perspective, the evaluation was a critical element in the change process at both a school and policy level.MethodsUsing several conceptual approaches from systems science, the evaluation sought to examine how the multiple systems layers – student, teacher, school, community and government – interacted and influenced each other. A distinguishing feature of the evaluation included ‘feedback loops’; that is, evaluation data was provided to participants as it became available. Evaluation tools included a combination of standardised surveys (with pre‐ and post‐intervention data provided to schools via individualised reports), reflection tools, regular reflection interviews and summative focus groups.ResultsData was shared during implementation with project staff, department staff and schools to support continuous improvement at these multiple systems levels. In complex settings, implementation can vary according to context; and the impact of evaluation processes, tools and findings differed across the schools. Interviews and focus groups conducted at the end of the project illustrated which of these methods were instrumental in motivating change and engaging stakeholders at both a school and departmental level and why.ConclusionThe evaluation methods were a critical component of the pilot's approach, helping to shape implementation through data feedback loops and reflective practice for ongoing, responsive and continuous improvement. Future health promotion research on complex interventions needs to examine how the evaluation itself is influencing implementation.So what?The pilot has demonstrated that the evaluation, including feedback loops to inform project activity, were an asset to implementation. This has implications for other health promotion activities, where evaluation tools could be utilised to enhance, rather than simply measure, an intervention. The findings are relevant to a range of health promotion research activities because they demonstrate the importance of meta‐evaluation techniques that seek to understand how the evaluation itself was influencing implementation and outcomes.
Single Cell Expression Data Reveal Human Genes that Escape X-Chromosome Inactivation
Authors: Wainer-Katsir Kerem , Linial Michal 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTSex chromosomes pose an inherent genetic imbalance between genders. In mammals, one of the female’s X-chromosomes undergoes inactivation (Xi). Indirect measurements estimate that about 20% of Xi genes completely or partially escape inactivation. The identity of these escapee genes and their propensity to escape inactivation remain unsolved. A direct method for identifying escapees was applied by quantifying differential allelic expression from single cells. RNA-Seq fragments were assigned to informative SNPs which were labeled by the appropriate parental haplotype. This method was applied for measuring allelic specific expression from Chromosome-X (ChrX) and an autosomal chromosome as a control. We applied the protocol for measuring biallelic expression from ChrX to 104 primary fibroblasts. Out of 215 genes that were considered, only 13 genes (6%) were associated with biallelic expression. The sensitivity of escapees' identification was increased by combining SNP mapping for parental diploid genomes together with RNA-Seq from clonal single cells (25 lymphoblasts). Using complementary protocols, referred to as strict and relaxed, we confidently identified 25 and 31escapee genes, respectively. When pooled versions of 30 and 100 cells were used, <50% of these genes were revealed. We assessed the generality of our protocols in view of an escapee catalog compiled from indirect methods. The overlap between the escapee catalog and the genes’ list from this study is statistically significant (P-value of E-07). We conclude that single cells’ expression data are instrumental for studying X-inactivation with an improved sensitivity. Finally, our results support the emerging notion of the non-deterministic nature of genes that escape X-chromosome inactivation.
2bor not2b: Experimental evolution of functional exogenous sequences in a plant RNA virus
Authors: Willemsen Anouk , Zwart Mark P. , Ambrós Silvia , Carrasco José L. , Elena Santiago F. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTHorizontal gene transfer (HGT) is pervasive in viruses, and thought to be a key mechanism in their evolution. On the other hand, strong selective constraints against increasing genome size are an impediment for HGT, rapidly purging horizontally transferred sequences and thereby potentially hindering evolutionary innovation. Here we explore experimentally the evolutionary fate of viruses with simulated HGT events, using the plant RNA virusTobacco etch virus(TEV), by separately introducing two functional, exogenous sequences to its genome. One of the events simulates the acquisition of a new function though HGT of a conserved AlkB domain, responsible for the repair of alkylation or methylation damage in many organisms. The other event simulates the acquisition of a sequence that duplicates an existing function, through HGT of the 2b RNA silencing suppressor fromCucumber mosaic virus(CMV). We then evolved these two viruses, tracked the maintenance of the horizontally transferred sequences over time, and for the final virus populations, sequenced their genome and measured viral fitness. We found that the AlkB domain was rapidly purged from the TEV genome, restoring fitness to wild-type levels. Conversely, the2bgene was stably maintained and did not have a major impact on viral fitness. Moreover, we found that2bis functional in TEV, as it provides a replicative advantage when the RNA silencing suppression domain of HC-Pro is mutated. These observations suggest a potentially interesting role for HGT of short functional sequences in ameliorating evolutionary constraints on viruses, through the duplication of functions.
The Chd1 chromatin remodeler shifts hexasomes unidirectionally
Authors: Levendosky Robert F. , Sabantsev Anton , Deindl Sebastian , Bowman Gregory D. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractDespite their canonical two-fold symmetry, nucleosomes in biological contexts are often asymmetric: functionalized with post-translational modifications (PTMs), substituted with histone variants, and even lacking H2A/H2B dimers. Here we show that the Widom 601 nucleosome positioning sequence can be used to produce hexasomes in a specific orientation on DNA, which provide a useful tool for interrogating chromatin enzymes and allow for the generation of precisely defined asymmetry in nucleosomes. Using this methodology, we demonstrate that the Chd1 chromatin remodeler requires H2A/H2B on the entry side for sliding, and thus, unlike the back-and-forth sliding observed for nucleosomes, Chd1 shifts hexasomes unidirectionally. Chd1 takes part in chromatin reorganization surrounding transcribing RNA polymerase II (Pol II), and using asymmetric nucleosomes we show that ubiquitin-conjugated H2B on the entry side stimulates nucleosome sliding by Chd1. We speculate that biased nucleosome and hexasome sliding due to asymmetry contributes to the packing of arrays observed in vivo.
МІКРОБІОЛОГІЧНЕ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ВМІСТУ КОРЕНЕВИХ КАНАЛІВ ЗУБІВ ІЗ ХРОНІЧНИМ АПІКАЛЬНИМ ПЕРІОДОНТИТОМ ПРИ ВИКОРИСТАННІ РОЗЧИНУ ПОВІДОН-ЙОДУ В ЯКОСТІ ФОТОСЕНСИБІЛІЗАТОРА
Authors: Zhdanova N. O. 
Published: October 2016

<p>РЕЗЮМЕ. У статті представлені результати дослідження мікрофлори кореневих каналів зубів при лікуванні хронічного апікального періодонтиту. Пацієнти були поділені на 2 групи: основну і контрольну. Пацієнтам основної групи проводили лікування кореневих каналів методом фотоактивованої дезінфекції з використанням повідон-йоду в якості хроматофора. Хворі контрольної групи були проліковані за стандартною методикою. Аналіз результатів мікробіологічного дослідження вмісту кореневих каналів після створення ендодонтичного доступу до інструментальної та медикаментозної обробки у всіх групах показав велику різноманітність, кількість ідентифікованих культур припадає на долю грампозитивної мікрофлори.<br /> </p>
ВМІСТ ІМУНОГЛОБУЛІНІВ A, M, G У КРОВІ В РАННІЙ ПЕРІОД РОЗВИТКУ ЕКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОЇ ПНЕВМОНІЇ
Authors: Reheda-Furdychko M. M. , Reheda S. M. , Furdychko L. O. 
Published: October 2016

<p>РЕЗЮМЕ. У дослідженнях на морських свинках виявлено, що в ранній період (4, 8 доби) розвитку експериментальної пневмонії спостерігається зростання вмісту імуноглобулінів A, M, G в крові, що вказує на стимуляцію гуморальної ланки імунітету, захисну функцію організму.</p><p><br /><br /></p>
КОРЕКЦІЯ ДИСБІОЗУ КИШЕЧНИКА У ХВОРИХ, ОПЕРОВАНИХ З ПРИВОДУ РАКУ ШЛУНКА
Authors: Rusyn A. V. , Bedey N. V. , Maliar-Hazda N. M. , Odoshevska O. M. , Khoma E. S. 
Published: October 2016

<p>РЕЗЮМЕ. У роботі представлені результати зміни показників кишкової мікрофлори товстої кишки на різних стадіях пухлинного процесу до та після лікування. Особливо важливі вчасне розпізнання та терапія кишкового кандидозу, як профілактика системного та генералізованого кандидозу у пацієнтів із груп ризику, до яких насамперед належать пацієнти, які отримують протипухлинну променеву та/або хіміотерапію. Після лікування у хворих на рак шлунка спостерігали зменшення дисбіозу товстої кишки, а також зменшення кишкового кандидозу, що дозволяє поліпшити якість життя пацієнтів.</p>
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ СТРУКТУРНИХ ЗМІН У ШЛУНОЧКАХ ЛЕГЕНЕВОГО СЕРЦЯ ПОЛЯРИЗАЦІЙНОЮ МІКРОСКОПІЄЮ
Authors: Slabyi O. B. , Hnatiuk M. S. 
Published: October 2016

<p>РЕЗЮМЕ. В експерименті встановлено, що пострезекційна артеріальна легенева гіпертензія призводить до розвитку легеневого серця і вираженої структурної перебудови шлуночків серця. Остання характеризується гіпертрофією кардіоміоцитів, їх ядер, дистрофією, некробіозом клітин, тканин, інфільтративними та склеротичними процесами. Поляризаційна мікроскопія адекватно відображає структурні зміни міофібрилярного апарату у вигляді контрактурних ушкоджень кардіоміоцитів, осередків міоцитолізу, зернистоглибчастого розпаду, дисоціації серцевих м'язових волокон. Виявлені морфологічні зміни домінували у правому шлуночку декомпенсованого легеневого серця.</p>
ДІЯ ЕКСТРАКТУ ЕХІНАЦЕЇ ПУРПУРОВОЇ І ТІОТРІАЗОЛІНУ НА ГЛИБИНУ ЯМОК СЛИЗОВОЇ ОБОЛОНКИ ПІЛОРИЧНОГО ВІДДІЛУ ШЛУНКА ЩУРІВ В УМОВАХ ІНГАЛЯЦІЙНОГО ВВЕДЕННЯ ЕПІХЛОРГІДРИНУ
Authors: Smirnov A. S. , Smirnov S. M. , Mirzebasov M. A. 
Published: October 2016

<p>РЕЗЮМЕ. В експериментах на білих щурах чоловічої статі було вивчено особливості впливу епіхлоргідрину на слизову оболонку шлунка та на глибину ямок пілоричного відділу шлунка. Було оцінено можливість використання естракту ехінацеї пурпурової та тіотріазоліну для корекцій наявних змін. Було показано, що епіхлоргідрин спричинює збільшення на глибині ямок слизової оболонки пілоричного відділу шлунка і залишається на 15 днів після його введення. Рівень зменшення глибини поступово знижується. Використання екстракту ехінацеї пурпурової на фоні епіхлоргідрину знижує рівень зменшення глибини ямок шлунка, спричинене епіхлоргідрином. Використання тіотріазоліну зменшує тривалість впливу введеного епіхлоргідрину на глибину ямок шлунка.</p>
Physical Activity and Anger or Emotional Upset as Triggers of Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Smyth Andrew , O’Donnell Martin , Lamelas Pablo , Teo Koon , Rangarajan Sumathy , Yusuf Salim 
Published: October 2016

Background:
Physical exertion, anger, and emotional upset are reported to trigger acute myocardial infarction (AMI). In the INTERHEART study, we explored the triggering association of acute physical activity and anger or emotional upset with AMI to quantify the importance of these potential triggers in a large, international population.

Methods:
INTERHEART was a case-control study of first AMI in 52 countries. In this analysis, we included only cases of AMI and used a case-crossover approach to estimate odds ratios for AMI occurring within 1 hour of triggers.

Results:

Of 12 461 cases of AMI 13.6% (n=1650) engaged in physical activity and 14.4% (n=1752) were angry or emotionally upset in the case period (1 hour before symptom onset). Physical activity in the case period was associated with increased odds of AMI (odds ratio, 2.31; 99% confidence interval [CI], 1.96–2.72) with a population-attributable risk of 7.7% (99% CI, 6.3–8.8). Anger or emotional upset in the case period was associated with an increased odds of AMI (odds ratio, 2.44; 99% CI, 2.06–2.89) with a population-attributable risk of 8.5% (99% CI, 7.0–9.6). There was no effect modification by geographical region, prior cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular risk factor burden, cardiovascular prevention medications, or time of day or day of onset of AMI. Both physical activity and anger or emotional upset in the case period were associated with a further increase in the odds of AMI (odds ratio, 3.05; 99% CI, 2.29–4.07;
P
for interaction <0.001).

Conclusions:
Physical exertion and anger or emotional upset are triggers associated with first AMI in all regions of the world, in men and women, and in all age groups, with no significant effect modifiers.
Improvement of a Cloud Microphysics Scheme for a Global Nonhydrostatic Model Using TRMM and a Satellite Simulator
Authors: Roh Woosub , Satoh Masaki , Nasuno Tomoe 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The cloud and precipitation simulated by a global nonhydrostatic model with a 3.5-km horizontal resolution, the Nonhydrostatic Icosahedral Atmospheric Model (NICAM), are evaluated using the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) and a satellite simulator. A previous study by Roh and Satoh evaluated the single-moment bulk microphysics and established the modified microphysics scheme for the specific tropical open ocean using a regional version of NICAM. In this study, the authors expanded the evaluation over the entire tropics and parts of the midlatitude areas (20°–36°S, 20°–36°N) using a joint histogram of the cloud-top temperature and precipitation echo-top heights and contoured frequency by altitude diagrams of the deep convective systems. The modified microphysics simulation improves the joint probability density functions of the cloud-top temperatures and precipitation cloud-top heights over not only the tropical ocean but also the land and midlatitude areas. Compared with the default microphysics simulation, the modified microphysics simulation shows a clearer distinction between the land and ocean in the tropics, which is related to the contrast between the shallow and the deep clouds. In addition, the two microphysics simulation methods were also compared over the tropics using joint histograms of the cloud-top and precipitation cloud-top heights on the basis of CloudSat measurements. It was found that the microphysics scheme that was modified for the tropical ocean displayed general cloud and precipitation improvements in the global domain over the tropics.
The Vertical Mode Decomposition of Surface and Internal Tides in the Presence of a Free Surface and Arbitrary Topography
Authors: Kelly Samuel M. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe method of decomposing surface and internal tides determines the expression for internal tide energy, energy flux, and energy conversion. The de facto standard is to define surface tides as depth-averaged pressure and horizontal velocity and internal tides as the residuals. This decomposition, which is equivalent to projecting motion onto vertical modes that obey a rigid lid, is known to produce spurious energy conversion CS through movement of the free surface. Here, motion is instead projected onto modes that obey a linear, free-surface boundary condition. The free-surface modes are shown to obey a more complicated orthogonality condition than rigid-lid modes but are still straightforward to calculate numerically. The resulting decomposition (i) completely eliminates spurious energy conversion CS and (ii) leads to a more precise expression for topographic internal tide generation C, which now depends on horizontal gradients in the vertical structure of the surface tide. Numerical simulations and rough global estimates indicate that corrections to C are a maximum of a few percent. However, CS produces spurious energy flux divergences/convergences in the open ocean, which are the same order of magnitude [O(1–10) mW m−2] as open-ocean internal tide energy dissipation.
Combined transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells for tissue engineering: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sun Kunming , Zhou Zheng , Ju Xinxin , Zhou Yang , Lan Jiaojiao , Chen Dongdong , Chen Hongzhi , Liu Manli , Pang Lijuan 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Background
Combined cell implantation has been widely applied in tissue engineering in recent years. In this meta-analysis, we aimed to establish whether the combined transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) promotes angiogenesis and tissue repair, compared with transplantation of a single cell type, following tissue injury or during tissue regeneration.

Methods
The electronic databases PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Chinese Biomedical Literature, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Eighteen controlled preclinical studies involving MSC and EPC transplantation in animal models of disease, or in coculture in vitro, were included in this review. The vessel density and other functional indexes, which were classified according to the organ source, were used to evaluate the efficiency of cotransplantation. Publication bias was assessed.

Results
There was no obvious difference in angiogenesis following combined cell transplantation (EPCs and MSCs) and transplantation of EPCs alone; however, an improvement in the function of damaged organs was observed following cotransplantation. In addition, combined cell transplantation significantly promoted tissue recovery in cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, and during bone regeneration. Compared with combined transplantation (EPCs and MSCs) and transplantation of MSCs alone, cotransplantation significantly promoted angiogenesis and bone regeneration, as well as vessel revascularization and tissue repair in cerebrovascular disease; however, no obvious effects on cardiovascular disease were observed.

Conclusions
As an exploratory field in the discipline of tissue engineering, MSC and EPC cotransplantation offers advantages, although it is essential to assess the feasibility of this approach before clinical trials can be performed.