bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optically Stimulated Luminescence Dosimetry
Authors: Rao R.P. , deMurcia M. , Gasiot J. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Optically stimulated luminescence from MgS:Eu,Sm phosphors is characterised. First analysis shows that this method has some interesting features for dosimetry measurments: high sensitivity, non heating and fast reading time can be retained. Widespread use of this technique will require some complementary investigations.
Absolute Energy Deposition Measurements in a Mixed Gamma Ray and Fast Neutron Environment
Authors: Knipe A.D. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The absolute photon energy deposition calibration procedure and the fast neutron response of 7LiF thermoluminescent dosemeters (TLD-700) have been studied experimentally. The results, and their application, are examined in the context of the mixed radiation environment of a zero power fast reactor.
Bonded Thin Layer Detector for Integrating Solid State Dosemeters
Authors: Holzapfel G. , Lesz J. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Construction and features of new thin layer detectors for integrating solid state dosemeters, particularly thermoluminescence dosemeters based on LiF:Mg,Ti are described. Simultaneous application of high pressure and elevated temperature causes plastic flow of the LiF powder grains and physico-chemical bonding with aluminium substrates (Al/LiF-detectors), or with graphite substrates provided with a boron bonding layer and an Al2O3 reflection layer (C/B/Al2O3/LiF detectors).
Long Term Stability of a Large Population of TL Dosemeters Used in a National Monitoring Programme
Authors: Grogan D. , Bradley R.P. , Ashmore J.P. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Personnel TL monitors were introduced across Canada, as a replacement for film dosemeters, in 1976. By March 1981 the technology conversion was completed and all X, beta and gamma exposure estimates were subsequently made by utilising TLD. During the period 1976 to the present, the Radiation Protection Bureau has processed approximately 3.5 x 106 personal monitors. A monitor inventory of 0.2 x 106 is maintained to meet the service demands with 1% of this inventory designated for use as reference standards. Of the total number of monitors processed, approximately 4% of the data relates to these standards. Essentially all dosemeters in the inventory have now been calibrated individually one or more times. Long term usage data are presented, concerning sensitivity variation, zero dose stability, physical deterioration, system response etc., for the two LiF elements contained in each dosemeter.
Patient Dosimetry in Radiodiagnosis: A Computerised Irradiation Card
Authors: Le Gouic M. , Richard M. , Roulleau J. , Morucci J.P. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
A study of the literature shows that there is a large variation in the dose delivered to the patient during a radiological examination. The absorbed dose depends on the patient, on the staff performing the examination and on the radiological equipment. Thus the estimation of the dose absorbed at the skin and at critical organs for each individual requires the calibration of the radiological equipment and modelling the patient. The X ray equipment of two diagnostic rooms of our department were calibrated and a model of the two examinations (plain A.P. view of the abdomen for the first room and intravenous pyelography for the second one) and of the patients was constructed. An individual irradiation card, taking into acount the patient thickness, the number of films and the exposure factors used can be issued using a microcomputer. An estimate of the absorbed doses in different organs can be calculated from the calibration. Lithium borate can be used during these examinations for in vivo measurements and to check the validity of the calculated absorbed doses that are received by the patient.
The Effect of Pulverisation of Irradiated Materials on Their Thermoluminescence Emission
Authors: Nakajima T. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The effect of pulverisation on the thermoluminescence (TL) emission from irradiated substances was studied to obtain a more accurate value for the dose received by the irradiated substances. When irradiated substances were powdered using mechanical pressure, the TL intensity of the powder was found to be lower than that of corresponding samples powdered before irradiation. This reduction of the TL intensity was dependent on the pulverisation period, crystal size before pulverisation, and grain size of the sample powdered after irrdiation. The effect was practically independent of dose in the linear region and independent of the glow peak temperature. The TL intensity from bricks powdered after irradiation was approximately 43% of that from similar bricks powdered before irradiation. The pulverisation effect on TL emission should be thoroughly investigated as one of the correction factors in the re-evaluation of the gamma ray doses from the A bomb explosion in Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
Radiation Dosimetry by Photo-Acoustic Spectrometry
Authors: Biró T. , Diószeghy T. , Kelemen A. , Lörincz A. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Photo-acoustics, or, in general, particle acoustics (PA) offers new potentials in various fields of radiation dosimetry. As a spectrometric method it can be used to obtain new information on material properties for a wide range of dosimetric materials including opaque and powdered samples, and to measure dose by absorption spectrometry. On the other hand, as a calorimetric method, it can be used as a direct means of measuring the absorbed dose rate of pulsed or chopped radiation beams of any kind of energetic particles. The PA spectroscopy (PAS) response of powdered LiF (TLD-100) that had been exposed to 60Co gamma rays was investigated and it was found that the absorption peaks at 380 and 444 nm provided a means for measuring absorbed dose in the 0.003-1 MGy range. PA signals generated by 4 to 5 MeV electrons from a linac were detected and the energy deposition profiles in Al, Cu and Fe were measured.
Mechanisms of Thermoluminescence Production in Materials for Radiation Dosimetry
Authors: McKeever (INVITED) S.W.S. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
This paper discusses recent examples of the progress made in our understanding of some of the basic physical mechanisms involved in the production of thermoluminescence in a selection of common TLD materials. Special emphasis is given to a discussion of the defects responsible for thermoluminescence in LiF, CaF2 and SiO2. The paper demonstrates how a variety of experimental techniques need to be brought to bear on these problems and points out the limitations of our present understanding.
The Estimation of Proximity Functions from Track Structure Models
Authors: Kiefer J. , Straaten H. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Proximity functions for ions are calculated in a two step fashion. The first component is computed from an approximation for distance distributions within individual electron tracks integrated over all electron energies. The second part is derived from the energies deposited in spheres randomly placed in the ion track, which can be calculated using track structure models. The results are compared with Monte Carlo calculations for protons. A good agreement is found between the two methods, suggesting that the present approach offers an alternative to the very time consuming Monte Carlo simulations.
The Microdosimetric Regularities of Nanometre Regions
Authors: Bartels E.R. , Harder D. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Regions with nanometre dimensions differ greatly from micrometre regions with regard to the contribution of delta rays to the fluctuation of energy deposition, because the fraction of delta rays escaping from their region of origin increases with decreasing size of the region. Under these geometric conditions, the delta ray term of the distribution of energy deposition in a nanometre region traversed by a primary particle is essentially determined by low energy delta rays originating and stopping within the region. This distribution is found to be practically independent of the mass and energy of the primary particle. The remaining primary-particle-dependent variable determining the fluctuation of energy deposition in the nanometre region is linear primary ionisation density or its energy equivalent, restricted LET. Restricted LET should therefore have the properties of a characteristic parameter of radiation quality. This fundamental conclusion is proven by evaluating the predictive potential of restricted LET for energy deposition fluctuation of electrons, protons and alpha particles in nanometre targets, and with regard to the yield coefficient a for radiation-induced chromosome aberrations in human cells. Methods for the determination of restricted LET are discussed briefly.
Thermalisation and Recombination of Subexcitation Electrons in Solid Water
Authors: Goulet T. , Patau J.P. , Jay-Gerin J.-P. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The results of Monte Carlo simulations of the thermalisation of subexcitation electrons in solid water are reported. In the simulations, the possibility is taken into account that, prior to being thermalised, the electrons either recombine with their parent cation (H2O+), or undergo a dissociative attachment to water molecules. A particular emphasis is placed on the description of the recombination process and on the influence of the parent cation on the electron's motion. The simulations are performed for different initial electron energies Eo in the subexcitation energy range (i.e. Eo &lt; 7.4 eV). For each of these energies, the mean thermalisation distance &lt;r&gt;th and time &lt;t&gt;th are determined, as well as the proportions Prec and Pdis of subexcitation electrons which, instead of thermalising, undergo recombination or dissociative attachment. An average of these quantities over the range of Eo values yield: &lt;r&gt;th ( 14 nm, &lt;t&gt;th ( 60 fs, Prec ( 5%, and Pdis ( 3%.
Track Interaction Theory for Heavy Charged Particle TL Supralinearity
Authors: Horowitz Y.S. , Rosenkrantz M. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Microdosimetric phenomena, not addressed by conventional kinetic calculations in the framework of 'conduction band/valence band' atomic models, play an important role in the thermoluminescence (TL) dose response and the relative TL efficiency of various types of radiation fields of different microscopic patterns of ionisation density. In this paper we discuss the contribution of higher order nearest neighbour interactions in track interaction theory applied to heavy charged particle (HCP) induced TL linearity and supralinearity in LiF:Mg,Ti. For example, at a fluence of 1010 particles.cm-2 and for an average charge carrier migration distance of 3700 Å, the relative contribution to the measured supralinearity factor of 1.65 for peak 8 in LiF:Mg,Ti from first, second and third nearest neighbour interactions is 70%, 24% and 6% respectively. Even higher order track interactions contribute less than 1% to the supralinearity. The track interaction model should be viewed as the model providing the microdosimetric framework which, when coupled with other appropriate physical mechanisms (spatial localisation of traps and recombination centres, competing centres in the recombination stage, variation in the capture cross section with temperature) can be used to describe all the dominant features of the linear/supralinear behaviour of LiF:Mg,Ti.
Phototransferred Thermoluminescence and Exo-Emission in Alpha Alumina
Authors: Iacconi P. , Lapraz D. , Alessandri-Fraccaro M.F. , Addi D. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
a-Al2O3, irradiated by ionising radiation and submitted to UV illumination (?&gt;250 nm), presents a phototransfer phenomenon that is characterised by thermoluminescence (TL) and by thermostimulated exoelectronic emission (TSEE). The TL and the TSEE glow curves of a-alumina from -196 to 700 oC are compared, to parallel one phototransfer observation with another and to draw various conclusions concerning the stability of the traps involved in dosimetric applications.
Partitioning The Effects of Eco-Evolutionary Feedbacks on Community Stability
Authors: Patel Swati , Cortez Michael H , Schreiber Sebastian J 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTA fundamental challenge in ecology continues to be identifying mechanisms that stabilize community dynamics. By altering the interactions within a community, eco-evolutionary feedbacks may play a role in community stability. Indeed, recent empirical and theoretical studies demonstrate that these feedbacks can stabilize or destabilize communities, and moreover, that this sometimes depends on the relative rate of ecological to evolutionary processes. So far, theory on how eco-evolutionary feedbacks impact stability exists for only for a few special cases. In our work, we develop a general theory for determining the effects of eco-evolutionary feedbacks on stability in communities with an arbitrary number of interacting species and evolving traits for when evolution is slow and fast. We characterize how eco-evolutionary feedbacks lead to stable communities that would otherwise be unstable, and vice versa. We show how this characterization provides a partitioning of the roles of direct and indirect feedbacks between ecological and evolutionary processes on stability, and how this partitioning depends on the rate of evolution relative to the ecological time scales. Applying our methods to models of competing species and food chains, we demonstrate how the functional form of trade offs, genetic correlations between traits, and the rate of evolution determine whether eco-evolutionary feedbacks stabilize or destabilize communities.
Variation in recombination rate and its genetic determinism in sheep (Ovis Aries) populations from combining multiple genome-wide datasets
Authors: Petit Morgane , Astruc Jean-Michel , Sarry Julien , Drouilhet Laurence , Fabre Stéphane , Moreno Carole , Servin Bertrand 
Published: February 2017

AbstractRecombination is a complex biological process that results from a cascade of multiple events during meiosis. Understanding the genetic determinism of recombination can help to understand if and how these events are interacting. To tackle this question, we studied the patterns of recombination in sheep, using multiple approaches and datasets. We constructed male recombination maps in a dairy breed from the south of France (the Lacaune breed) at a fine scale by combining meiotic recombination rates from a large pedigree genotyped with a 50K SNP array and historical recombination rates from a sample of unrelated individuals genotyped with a 600K SNP array. This analysis revealed recombination patterns in sheep similar to other mammals but also genome regions that have likely been affected by directional and diversifying selection. We estimated the average recombination rate of Lacaune sheep at 1.5 cM/Mb, identified about 50,000 crossover hotspots on the genome and found a high correlation between historical and meiotic recombination rate estimates. A genome-wide association study revealed two major loci affecting inter-individual variation in recombination rate in Lacaune, including theRNF212andHEI10genes and possibly 2 other loci of smaller effects including theKCNJ15andFSHRgenes. Finally, we compared our results to those obtained previously in a distantly related population of domestic sheep, the Soay. This comparison revealed that Soay and Lacaune males have a very similar distribution of recombination along the genome and that the two datasets can be combined to create more precise male meiotic recombination maps in sheep. Despite their similar recombination maps, we show that Soay and Lacaune males exhibit different heritabilities and QTL effects for inter-individual variation in genome-wide recombination rates.
The impact of career ambition on psychologists’ extrinsic and intrinsic career success
Authors: Otto Kathleen , Roe Robert , Sobiraj Sonja , Baluku Martin Mabunda , Garrido Vásquez Mauricio E. 
Published: February 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between career ambition – defined as high achievement motivation and strong career orientation – and both extrinsic (salary, position) and intrinsic success (job satisfaction, goal attainment) of psychologists. Over and above this, the authors explore whether extrinsic success predicts intrinsic success or vice versa.

Design/methodology/approach
In order to analyze the impact of career ambition on extrinsic and intrinsic success, the authors conducted two online studies with psychology graduates – a cross-sectional study (Study 1; n=119) and a longitudinal one (Study 2; n=63; two-three years interval between assessment points). The authors applied regression and cross-lagged analyses to investigate the interplay of career ambition and career success.

Findings
The results show that career ambition impacts on both extrinsic and intrinsic success. More specifically, extrinsic success was positively predicted by career orientation in Study 1. In contrast, achievement motivation was negatively related to intrinsic success (Study 1) and even diminished it over time (Study 2). Findings of the cross-lagged analysis further underlined that intrinsic success predicts extrinsic success.

Originality/value
The study contributes by separately investigating two aspects of career ambition and showing their different effects on career success in the specific profession of psychologists. As cross-lagged findings revealed that psychologists’ intrinsic success predicted their extrinsic success and not vice versa, the authors discuss whether psychologists might be worsening their career development in the long run by showing high achievement motivation.
Ambition at work and career satisfaction
Authors: El Baroudi Sabrine , Fleisher Chen , Khapova Svetlana N. , Jansen Paul , Richardson Julia 
Published: February 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the moderating role of pay in the relationship between employee ambition and taking charge behavior, and its subsequent effects on employee career satisfaction.Design/methodology/approachA two-wave quantitative investigation was conducted among alumni of a large public university in the Netherlands.FindingsThe results show that taking charge behavior mediates the positive relationship between employee ambition and career satisfaction. They also show that pay positively moderates this mediation, such that the relationship between employee ambition and taking charge behavior is stronger when ambitious employees receive an increase in pay, leading to increased career satisfaction. Conversely, a decrease in pay does not moderate ambitious employees’ taking charge behavior and the impact on their career satisfaction.Research limitations/implicationsThe study draws on self-report data collected in one country: the Netherlands.Practical implicationsThe study highlights the importance of pay for higher job involvement, demonstrating its impact on taking charge behavior among employees with higher levels of ambition.Originality/valueThis is the first empirical study to examine the impact of pay on employees’ taking charge behavior and the subsequent implications for career satisfaction.
Global careers in the Arabian Gulf
Authors: Baruch Yehuda , Forstenlechner Ingo 
Published: February 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide a better understanding of expatriation, both firm-initiated and self-initiated. The authors identified factors influencing the motives of expatriates to locate to the Arabian Gulf, and possible factors that may influence their decision to remain.Design/methodology/approachUsing a qualitative approach, the authors conducted 123 semi-structured interviews with expatriates in the United Arab Emirates, from various backgrounds. These interviews are analyzed based on the thematic analytic approach.FindingsThe authors identified four clusters of reasoning for global assignments to the Gulf and the outcomes of the expatriation. Remuneration was the main motivator cited for the move, but an obstacle for returning to the home country. For Westerners, the second most important factor was career opportunities, whereas for expatriates from Muslim countries it was cultural fit.Practical implicationsThe findings may be a valuable source of reference for individuals and for policy makers, employers, HR practitioners, and career counselors to provide an understanding of expatriation in emerging economies.Originality/valueThe paper uses evidence from the Gulf to bridge the gap between current knowledge of expatriation and the context of emerging economies.
Perceptions of stakeholders on the critical success factors for operational management of public-private partnership projects
Authors: Osei-Kyei Robert , Chan Albert P.C. 
Published: February 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to explore the perceptual differences on the factors that contribute to the successful management of public-private partnership (PPP) projects at the operational stage among stakeholders.

Design/methodology/approach
An international questionnaire survey was conducted with purposively sampled PPP experts from the private, public and academic sectors. Survey responses were analyzed using Kendall’s coefficient of concordance (W), mean score ranking analysis, Kruskal–Wallis test and Mann–Whitney U test.

Findings
The research findings show that each stakeholder group considers an efficient and well-structured payment mechanism as the most important operational management critical success factor (CSF). Moreover, the public sector considers open and constant communication among stakeholders as the second most important CSF, whereas the private and academic sectors consider effective operational risk management and well-structured legal dispute resolution mechanism, respectively. Further analysis using non-parametric tests (i.e. Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U statistics) reveal significant differences in the importance of three operational management CSFs – “open and constant communication among stakeholders”, “effective changes of shareholdings in private consortium” and “stable macroeconomic indicators”.

Research limitations/implications
The generalizability of the research findings is limited considering the low sample size and non-participation of users/general public in the study. Hence, it is recommended that future research should be conducted in a specific country using both face-to-face and email questionnaire distribution approaches. This would likely increase the response rate and facilitate the inclusion of the general public/users.

Originality/value
The results of this study highlight and provide significant insights into how different PPP stakeholders perceive the critical conditions that are required to ensure the operational efficiency of PPP projects. This would, therefore, enable a better cooperation and collective effort from all stakeholders towards achieving the overall project success. In addition, the study offers new and additional CSFs which would enhance the comprehensiveness of the existing list of CSFs for the general implementation of PPP projects.