bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Fault-Seal Breakdown - Investigation in the North Sea Egret Field
Authors: Wilson Adam 
Published: September 2016

This article, written by Special Publications Editor Adam Wilson, contains highlights of paper SPE 170584, “Dynamic Fault-Seal-Breakdown Investigation - A Study of Egret Field in the North Sea,” by P.P. Obeahon, SPE, G. Ypma, and O.U. Onyeagoro, SPE, Shell, and A.C. Gringarten, SPE, Imperial College London, prepared for the 2014 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Amsterdam, 27–29 October. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
The ability to predict the effect of faults on locating remaining hydrocarbon is critical to optimal well-placement, reservoir-management, and field development decisions. The tools and techniques available for realistic differentiation between sealing and nonsealing faults have presented a great challenge to the industry. This paper discusses the results of an integrated study that incorporated detailed geology and reservoir engineering to understand production behavior of a complexly faulted high-pressure/high-temperature field in the North Sea.
Introduction
Predicting fault-seal breakdown is a challenging task because it involves many interrelated factors and complex relationships. Knowledge of these factors is both nonunique and subjective. Most faulting processes have been studied in isolation, and the relationships among many of the processes are understood poorly.
Reservoir depletion can, in principle, induce stress paths capable of reactivating intrareservoir faults and, hence, potentially cause breakdown of their sealing integrity. Fault-seal breakdown may also be invoked falsely where oil/ water contacts change across a fault (i.e., the fault is a capillary seal) but the fault does not compartmentalize pressures in production. This apparent seal failure can arise because of pressure communication in the water leg below the oil column. It is not clear why pressure depletion should cause capillary-seal failure. However, publications exist that attempt to attribute production behavior observed in fields to fault-seal breakdown in a production realm, because of pressure depletion on one side of a fault.
The first attempts to incorporate geologically reasonable fault properties into production-simulation models involved the calculation of transmissibility multiplier on the basis of absolute permeability and thickness of fault rocks. These calculations do not capture the multiphase behaviors of fault rocks. A key problem with this approach is that a huge number of pseudofunctions needs to be calculated to take into account the large variation in fault properties (e.g., thickness, absolute permeability) and flow rates and whether the fault is going through drainage or imbibition during production. The second attempt involved calculating transmissibility multipliers (also known as seal factors) on the basis of fault permeability. The key problem with this approach is that fault permeability depends on shale gouge ratio and fault displacement alone. The calculation does not capture the impact of reservoir permeability on fault permeability.
Enhancing Well-Work Efficiency With Data Mining and Predictive Analytics
Authors: Wilson Adam 
Published: September 2016

This article, written by Special Publications Editor Adam Wilson, contains highlights of paper SPE 167869, “Enhancing Well-Work Efficiency With Data Mining and Predictive Analytics,” by Mohamed Sidahmed, SPE, Eric Ziegel, SPE, Shahryar Shirzadi, SPE, David Stevens, SPE, and Maria Marcano, SPE, BP, prepared for the 2014 SPE Intelligent Energy Conference and Exhibition, Utrecht, The Netherlands, 1–3 April. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
Failure to prioritize objectives and improper selection of candidate wells can have significant implications for both derived value and potential risk. This paper addresses the business problem of reducing the uncertainty of well-work-program outcomes so that more-informed choices can be made, enhancing the benefits and value of a well-work program. It illustrates the use of data-driven models to estimate key performance indicators for well-work jobs and to predict the likely outcome using predetermined success criteria.
Introduction
Well work consists of the complete end-to- end business process covering any operation on an oil or gas well during or at the end of its productive life. Well-by-well reviews, with good support information, remain the best way of spotting large amounts of potential production. Data-driven incremental-learning models provide a set of intelligent tools that synthesize large volumes of data and make timely recommendations on the basis of learned historical behaviors and discovered hidden patterns across scattered heterogeneous sources.
This project examined a wide range of data-mining and machine-learning algorithms capable of dealing with large volumes of data, data-quality issues, and restrictive parameter constraints. The resulting model uses existing variables available at the planning for workover jobs as input to predict the likely outcome of individual jobs. Enhancing the decision-making process with reduced uncertainty for the well-work portfolio maximizes the overall program value and its yield on investment.
The Data-Driven Predictive-Analytics Approach
Data mining is the science of extracting valuable knowledge from large data bases. It involves several iterative steps. This study applied an iterative development process, progressing from clarifying business objectives through data preprocessing, fitting of learning models, validation of the models, and performance testing to examine the consistency between model results and domain-expert knowledge.
Data Collection and Database Construction.
One of the challenges of manipulating well-work big data was developing a systematic acquisition and assimilation strategy for the relevant input from multiple heterogeneous sources. To overcome the challenges associated with acquiring relevant data, the project adopted an incremental phased approach by selecting one specific asset from the well-work portfolio.
Effects of Seeding Rate on the Dry Matter Yield and Nutritive Value of Fall‐Grown Oat
Authors: Coblentz Wayne K. , Cavadini Jason S. 
Published: September 2016

Core Ideas
For fall‐grown oat, the effects of seeding rate on lodging are likely to be inconsistent from year to year.
There was no compelling evidence that yield is increased by exceeding traditionally recommended seeding rates.
Nutritive value for fall‐grown oat is cultivar dependent, and related to cultivar maturation rate.
Recent research has evaluated fall‐grown oat (Avena sativa L.) as a potential forage‐management option, and dairy producers frequently ask about the most appropriate seeding rate for this unique use of oat forage. The objectives of this project were to examine the effects of seeding rate and oat cultivar on subsequent dry matter (DM) yield, potential for lodging, and forage nutritive value. ‘ForagePlus’ and ‘Ogle’ oat were established on 8 Aug. 2014 and 12 Aug. 2015 at seeding rates of 64, 96, 128, or 160 lb acre−1 (2, 3, 4, or 5 bu acre−1), and harvested with a flail‐type plot harvester on 3 Nov. 2014 and 4 Nov. 2015. For 2014, mean yields of dry matter (DM) were not affected by seeding rate (overall mean = 5378 lb acre−1; P ≥ 0.383). Lodging increased linearly (P = 0.009) with seeding rate, and was greater within ForagePlus compared with Ogle oat (P = 0.002). During 2015, there was no evidence of lodging associated with seeding rate (P ≥ 0.206), nor were effects of cultivar detected (P = 0.177). Yields of DM in 2015 could not be related to linear, quadratic, or cubic effects of seeding rate (overall mean = 3955 lb acre−1; P ≥ 0.316). For both years, DM yields from Ogle were greater (P ≤ 0.015) than those from ForagePlus. Based on the results of this 2‐year study, there is no compelling evidence that DM yields of fall‐grown oat can be improved consistently by exceeding typical seeding‐rate recommendations for spring oat.
Seedbed Preparation and Planting Depth Affect Switchgrass Establishment and Yield
Authors: Butler Twain J. , Stein Jimmy D. , Pittman Jeremy J. , Interrante Sindy M. 
Published: September 2016

Core Ideas
Switchgrass has potential for renewable biofuel production.
It is productive under nutrient‐ or water‐limited environments.
It can be no‐till planted on lands that are susceptible to erosion.
Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a native, long‐lived, warm‐season perennial grass that is well adapted, has potential for biofuel production, and can improve soil chemical and physical properties. It can be difficult to establish, but it can be productive in marginally productive or difficult to cultivate lands, and its root system can aid in soil conservation. The objectives of this 2‐year field experiment were to determine the effects of seedbed preparation (burning, mowing, or tilling) and planting depth (0.25, 0.5, or 1.0 inches) on the establishment and yield of ‘EG 1101’ switchgrass. Planting between 0.25 and 0.5 inch generally resulted in more seedlings and greater stand percent and yield than 1.0‐inch depth. Tilling generally resulted in more initial seedlings at 30 days after planting (DAP) than no‐till with burning or mowing, but stand percent (150 DAP) and yield (postfrost) were not affected by seedbed preparation later in the growing season. However, all seedbed preparations and planting depths produced successful switchgrass stands of >1 seedling/ft2 and ≥50% stands. Producers planting on land susceptible to erosion could consider no‐till planting after burning or mowing in order to reduce soil erosion and promote better soil structure and fertility without any loss in switchgrass productivity.
Does Incentive-Based Compensation for Chief Internal Auditors Impact Objectivity? An External Audit Risk Perspective
Authors: Chen Lucy Huajing , Chung Hyeesoo H. (Sally) , Peters Gary F. , Wynn Jinyoung P. (Jeannie) 
Published: September 2016

SUMMARY
This paper considers the potential impact of internal audit incentive-based compensation (IBC) linked to company performance on the external auditor's assessment of internal audit objectivity. We posit that external auditors will view IBC as a potential threat to internal audit objectivity, thus reducing the extent of reliance on the work of internal auditors and increasing the assessment of control risk. The increase in risk and external auditor effort should result in higher audit fees. We hypothesize that the form of incentive-based compensation, namely stock-based versus cash bonuses, moderates the association between IBC and external audit fee. Finally, we consider whether underlying financial reporting risk mitigates the external auditor's potential sensitivity to IBC. We find a positive association between external audit fees and internal audit compensation based upon company performance. The association is acute to IBC paid in stock or stock options as opposed to cash bonuses. We also find evidence consistent with the IBC associations being mitigated by the company's financial reporting risks.
Data Availability: Individual survey responses are confidential. All other data are derived from publicly available sources.
TYPE I SUPERLUMINOUS SUPERNOVAE AS EXPLOSIONS INSIDE NON-HYDROGEN CIRCUMSTELLAR ENVELOPES
Authors: Sorokina Elena , Blinnikov Sergei , Nomoto Ken’ichi , Quimby Robert , Tolstov Alexey 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
A number of Type I (hydrogenless) superluminous supernova (SLSN) events have been discovered recently. However, their nature remains debatable. One of the most promising ideas is the shock interaction mechanism, but only simplified semi-analytical models have been applied so far. We simulate light curves for several Type I SLSN (SLSN-I) models enshrouded by dense, non-hydrogen circumstellar (CS) envelopes, using a multi-group radiation hydrodynamics code that predicts not only bolometric, but also multicolor light curves. We demonstrate that the bulk of SLSNe-I including those with relatively narrow light curves like SN 2010gx or broad ones like PTF09cnd can be explained by the interaction of the SN ejecta with the CS envelope, though the range of parameters for these models is rather wide. Moderate explosion energy (∼(2–4) × 1051 erg) is sufficient to explain both narrow and broad SLSN-I light curves, but ejected mass and envelope mass differ for those two cases. Only 5–10 M
⊙ of non-hydrogen material is needed to reproduce the light curve of SN 2010gx, while the best model for PTF09cnd is very massive: it contains almost 50 M
⊙ in the CS envelope and only 5 M
⊙ in the ejecta. The CS envelope for each case extends from 10 R
⊙ to ∼105
R
⊙ (7 × 1015 cm), which is about an order of magnitude larger than typical photospheric radii of standard SNe near the maximum light. We briefly discuss possible ways to form such unusual envelopes.
HIGH-VELOCITY BIPOLAR MOLECULAR EMISSION FROM AN AGN TORUS
Authors: Gallimore Jack F. , Elitzur Moshe , Maiolino Roberto , Marconi Alessandro , O’Dea Christopher P. , Lutz Dieter , Baum Stefi A. , Nikutta Robert , Impellizzeri C. M. V. , Davies Richard , Kimball Amy E. , Sani Eleonora 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
We have detected in ALMA observations CO

emission from the nucleus of the Seyfert galaxy NGC 1068. The low-velocity (up to ±70 km s−1 relative to systemic) CO emission resolves into a 12 × 7 pc structure, roughly aligned with the nuclear radio source. Higher-velocity emission (up to ±400 km s−1) is consistent with a bipolar outflow in a direction nearly perpendicular (≃80°) to the nuclear disk. The position–velocity diagram shows that in addition to the outflow, the velocity field may also contain rotation about the disk axis. These observations provide compelling evidence in support of the disk-wind scenario for the active galactic nucleus obscuring torus.
FRAGMENTATION KINEMATICS IN COMET 332P/IKEYA–MURAKAMI
Authors: Jewitt David , Mutchler Max , Weaver Harold , Hui Man-To , Agarwal Jessica , Ishiguro Masateru , Kleyna Jan , Li Jing , Meech Karen , Micheli Marco , Wainscoat Richard , Weryk Robert 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
We present initial time-resolved observations of the split comet 332P/Ikeya–Murakami taken using the Hubble Space Telescope. Our images reveal a dust-bathed cluster of fragments receding from their parent nucleus at projected speeds in the range 0.06–3.5 m s−1 from which we estimate ejection times from 2015 October to December. The number of fragments with effective radii

m follows a differential power law with index γ = −3.6 ± 0.6, while smaller fragments are less abundant than expected from an extrapolation of this power law. We argue that, in addition to losses due to observational selection, torques from anisotropic outgassing are capable of destroying the small fragments by driving them quickly to rotational instability. Specifically, the spin-up times of fragments

m in radius are shorter than the time elapsed since ejection from the parent nucleus. The effective radius of the parent nucleus is

275 m (geometric albedo 0.04 assumed). This is about seven times smaller than previous estimates and results in a nucleus mass at least 300 times smaller than previously thought. The mass in solid pieces,

, is about 4% of the mass of the parent nucleus. As a result of its small size, the parent nucleus also has a short spin-up time. Brightness variations in time-resolved nucleus photometry are consistent with rotational instability playing a role in the release of fragments.
TWO SMALL PLANETS TRANSITING HD 3167
Authors: Vanderburg Andrew , Bieryla Allyson , Duev Dmitry A. , Jensen-Clem Rebecca , Latham David W. , Mayo Andrew W. , Baranec Christoph , Berlind Perry , Kulkarni Shrinivas , Law Nicholas M. , Nieberding Megan N. , Riddle Reed , Salama Maïssa 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
We report the discovery of two super-Earth-sized planets transiting the bright (V = 8.94, K = 7.07) nearby late G-dwarf HD 3167, using data collected by the K2 mission. The inner planet, HD 3167 b, has a radius of 1.6 R
⊕ and an ultra-short orbital period of only 0.96 days. The outer planet, HD 3167 c, has a radius of 2.9 R
⊕ and orbits its host star every 29.85 days. At a distance of just 45.8 ± 2.2 pc, HD 3167 is one of the closest and brightest stars hosting multiple transiting planets, making HD 3167 b and c well suited for follow-up observations. The star is chromospherically inactive with low rotational line-broadening, ideal for radial velocity observations to measure the planets’ masses. The outer planet is large enough that it likely has a thick gaseous envelope that could be studied via transmission spectroscopy. Planets transiting bright, nearby stars like HD 3167 are valuable objects to study leading up to the launch of the James Webb Space Telescope.
Análise das características dos contratos no agronegócio do Brasil
Authors: Rocha Jr. Weimar Freire da , Bittencourt Maurício Vaz Lobo , Ribeiro Marcia Carla Pereira 
Published: September 2016

O agronegócio, ao longo dos últimos anos, passou por profundas transformações que repercutiram na coordenação e no desempenho de todos os atores participantes desse sistema. Neste sentido, este trabalho usou o arcabouço teórico da Nova Economia Institucional focado nos contratos e procurou evidenciar as salvaguardas contratuais, classificando-as segundo os atributos da transação (especificidade do ativo, frequência e incerteza). Estas serviram de base para categorizar 29 contratos do agronegócio das mais diferentes áreas e produtos. Aplicou-se a técnica estatística da análise fatorial de correspondência, procurando agrupar cada contrato em um dos três grupos supracitados. Este modelo conseguiu explicar 77,38% do fenômeno observado com duas dimensões que representam os autovetores. Com relação aos contratos, nesta análise, observou-se similaridade entre alguns deles principalmente, nos contratos de integração entre agroindústria e produtores, os quais buscaram resguardar as especificidades do ativo da matéria-prima. Também, há contratos que tentam resguardar a especificidade do ativo, comoas relações contratuais entre agroindústrias e parceiros (aves e suínos). Já, os contratos de embalagem plástica para agroindústria e óleo semi refinado, bem como contratos de arrendamento de cana-de-açúcar, prestação de serviço e entrega de produto para a agroindústria tentam resguardar a frequência. Os contratos que visam mitigar a incerteza foram contratos de cédula de produtor rural, compra e venda de soja e laranja. Conclui-se que os contratos nem sempre são utilizados com a função de coordenadores do sistema agroindustrial, tendo,às vezes, a função de documentos formais com a finalidade de esboçar as responsabilidades entre as partes, gerando restrição de conduta e maior responsabilidade e comprometimento entre elas.
Small-Gauge Pars Plana Vitrectomy With SF6 Gas for the Repair of Primary Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment With Multiple Breaks
Authors: Mimouni Michael , Flores Victor , Blumenthal Eytan Z. , Barak Yoreh 
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To compare outcomes of 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) gas for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) associated with multiple-quadrant versus single-quadrant breaks.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
A retrospective study of patients with RRD who underwent 25-gauge PPV with breaks involving multiple quadrants (Group A) or versus a single quadrant (Group B).

RESULTS:

One hundred eighteen eyes of 118 patients with a mean age of 60.4 years ± 11.8 years were reviewed, 27 with multiple-quadrant breaks and 91 with single-quadrant breaks. Single surgery anatomical success was achieved in 92.6% of Group A versus 93.4% of Group B patients (
P
= .88). The location and number of quadrants did not account for the variation in single surgery success or visual outcome.

CONCLUSIONS:
RRD with multiple-quadrant breaks is not associated with worst outcomes than single-quadrant breaks when treated with 25-gauge PPV and SF6 gas.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2016;47:820–827.]
Characteristics and Outcomes of Simultaneous Bilateral Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachments
Authors: Finn Avni P. , Eliott Dean , Kim Leo A. , Husain Deeba , Wu David M. , Young Lucy H.Y. , Kim Ivana K. , Andreoli Christopher , Skondra Dimitra , Vavvas Demetrios G. , Miller John B. 
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To better understand the clinical course and outcomes of simultaneous bilateral retinal detachments managed by modern vitreoretinal surgical techniques.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
A retrospective review of 21 patients (42 eyes) presenting between April 2000 and June 2015 with simultaneous bilateral rhegmatogenous retinal detachments.

RESULTS:

Mean visual acuity (VA) improved from 20/100 at presentation to 20/40 at last follow-up (
P
= .01). The mean final VA for patients undergoing scleral buckle (SB) alone was 20/30 (log MAR 0.17), pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) alone was 20/40 (logMAR 0.33), and combined PPV/SB was 20/80 (logMAR 0.59) (
P
= .019). Primary reattachment rate in this series was 98%.

CONCLUSION:
In contrast to prior studies, which investigated the management of simultaneous bilateral retinal detachments primarily by SB alone, multiple treatment modalities were utilized in this study, including vitrectomy alone, and overall success of retinal detachment repair was high regardless of treatment modality chosen.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2016;47:840–845.]
Quand l’enquêteur de folklore se fait lui-même interroger
Authors: De Surmont Jean-Nicolas 
Published: September 2016

C’est entre 1989 et 1991 alors que j’élaborais ce qui allait devenir une historiographie de la chanson signée de la chanson traditionnelle au Québec que j’ai pris l’initiative de solliciter Conrad Laforte pour des entretiens enregistrés. Une partie de ces enregistrements, ici fondus en un seul texte, ont été diffusés dans le cadre de mon émission de radio « Vagabondages » réalisé à Radio Basse-Ville à Québec, émission où je recevais alors de grands intellectuels et auteurs d’ouvrages pour l’essentiel dans le vaste champ des sciences humaines. Dévorant alors tout ce qui s’était écrit sur la chanson, aussi bien la chanson de tradition orale que la chanson signée sans être pour autant alors étudiant d’ethnologie, il était naturel pour moi d’aller rencontrer Conrad Laforte, considéré comme le maître à penser de l’étude de la chanson de tradition orale, survivant pour ainsi dire à Luc Lacoursière qui décédait, lui, alors que je commençais à m’intéresser avidement au sujet. Ces entretiens ont été réalisés, une fois le printemps arrivé et une fois que j’ai été libéré des engagements universitaires à l’Université Laval (Québec). J’ai bien entendu tenté alors d’éclaircir certains points traités dans ces ouvrages ainsi que l’histoire de la collecte de la chanson de tradition orale en général. Ces entretiens ont été enregistrés en mai 1992 au domicile de Conrad Laforte sur l’ex-rue Gatineau à Québec devenue depuis lors la rue Jean-Hamelin.