bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
R&D steps of a 12-T common coil dipole magnet for SPPC pre-study
Authors: Wang Chengtao , Zhang Kai , Xu Qingjin 
Published: November 2016

IHEP (the Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China) has started the R&D of high field accelerator magnet technology from 2014 for recently proposed CEPC-SppC (Circular Electron Positron Collider, Super proton–proton Collider) project. The conceptual design study of a 20-T dipole magnet is ongoing with the common coil configuration, and a 12-T model magnet will be fabricated in the next two years. A 3-step R&D process has been proposed to realize this 12-T common-coil model magnet: first, a 12-T subscale magnet will be fabricated with Nb3Sn and NbTi superconductors to investigate the fabrication process and characteristics of Nb3Sn coils, then a 12-T subscale magnet will be fabricated with only Nb3Sn superconductors to test the stress management method and quench protection method of Nb3Sn coils; the final step is fabricating the 12-T common-coil dipole magnet with HTS (YBCO) and Nb3Sn superconductors to test the field optimization method of the HTS and Nb3Sn coils. The characteristics of these R&D steps will be introduced in the paper.
Preparation of N-Doped Graphene by Hydrothermal Method and Interpretation of N-Doped Mechanism
Authors: Shang Yan , Xu Huizhu , Li Mingyue , Zhang Guiling 
Published: November 2016

Nitrogen-doped graphene (NG) was generated by hydrothermal method, using GO as the raw material and formamide as the reducing-doping source. The composite material was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum, X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrum, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results showed that Nitrogen was successfully doped in the graphene. Through regulating the reaction temperature, time and the ratio of graphite oxide and formamide, the different nitrogen contents were obtained, the highest nitrogen content was 5.67%. NG was also synthesized by urea or ammonia, characterizing by XPS. The characterization results showed that for taking urea and ammonia as nitrogen source, pyrrolic-N was the main form of nitrogen existing, taking formamide as a nitrogen, pyridinic-N was the main form of nitrogen existing. Based on these experimental results by different nitrogen source, the N-doped graphene mechanism was interpreted.
DSN Transient Observatory
Authors: Kuiper T. B. H. , Monroe R. M. , White L. A. , Miro C. Garcia , Levin S. M. , Majid W. A. , Soriano M. 
Published: November 2016

The Deep Space Network (DSN) Transient Observatory (DTO) is a signal processing facility that can monitor up to four DSN downlink bands for astronomically interesting signals. The monitoring is done commensally with reception of deep space mission telemetry. The initial signal processing is done with two CASPER a ROACH1 boards, each handling one or two baseband signals. Each ROACH1 has a 10 GBe interface with a GPU-equipped Debian Linux workstation for additional processing. The initial science programs include monitoring Mars for electrostatic discharges, radio spectral lines, searches for fast radio bursts and pulsars and SETI. The facility will be available to the scientific community through a peer review process.
Understanding and detecting real-world performance bugs
Authors: Jin Guoliang , Song Linhai , Shi Xiaoming , Scherpelz Joel , Lu Shan 
Published: November 2016

Developers frequently use inefficient code sequences that could be fixed by simple patches. These inefficient code sequences can cause significant performance degradation and resource waste, referred to as performance bugs. Meager increases in single threaded performance in the multi-core era and increasing emphasis on energy efficiency call for more effort in tackling performance bugs.
This paper conducts a comprehensive study of 110 real-world performance bugs that are randomly sampled from five representative software suites (Apache, Chrome, GCC, Mozilla, and MySQL). The findings of this study provide guidance for future work to avoid, expose, detect, and fix performance bugs.
Guided by our characteristics study, efficiency rules are extracted from 25 patches and are used to detect performance bugs. 332 previously unknown performance problems are found in the latest versions of MySQL, Apache, and Mozilla applications, including 219 performance problems found by applying rules across applications.
Copatterns
Authors: Abel Andreas , Pientka Brigitte , Thibodeau David , Setzer Anton 
Published: November 2016

Inductive datatypes provide mechanisms to define finite data such as finite lists and trees via constructors and allow programmers to analyze and manipulate finite data via pattern matching. In this paper, we develop a dual approach for working with infinite data structures such as streams. Infinite data inhabits coinductive datatypes which denote greatest fixpoints. Unlike finite data which is defined by constructors we define infinite data by observations. Dual to pattern matching, a tool for analyzing finite data, we develop the concept of copattern matching, which allows us to synthesize infinite data. This leads to a symmetric language design where pattern matching on finite and infinite data can be mixed.
We present a core language for programming with infinite structures by observations together with its operational semantics based on (co)pattern matching and describe coverage of copatterns. Our language naturally supports both call-by-name and call-by-value interpretations and can be seamlessly integrated into existing languages like Haskell and ML. We prove type soundness for our language and sketch how copatterns open new directions for solving problems in the interaction of coinductive and dependent types.
Advanced automata minimization
Authors: Mayr Richard , Clemente Lorenzo 
Published: November 2016

We present an efficient algorithm to reduce the size of nondeterministic Buchi word automata, while retaining their language. Additionally, we describe methods to solve PSPACE-complete automata problems like universality, equivalence and inclusion for much larger instances (1-3 orders of magnitude) than before. This can be used to scale up applications of automata in formal verification tools and decision procedures for logical theories.
The algorithm is based on new transition pruning techniques. These use criteria based on combinations of backward and forward trace inclusions. Since these relations are themselves PSPACE-complete, we describe methods to compute good approximations of them in polynomial time.
Extensive experiments show that the average-case complexity of our algorithm scales quadratically. The size reduction of the automata depends very much on the class of instances, but our algorithm consistently outperforms all previous techniques by a wide margin. We tested our algorithm on Buchi automata derived from LTL-formulae, many classes of random automata and automata derived from mutual exclusion protocols, and compared its performance to the well-known automata tool GOAL.
Comprehensive Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Assessment in Patients With Sarcoidosis and Preserved Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction
Authors: Greulich Simon , Kitterer Daniel , Latus Joerg , Aguor Eissa , Steubing Hannah , Kaesemann Philipp , Patrascu Alexandru , Greiser Andreas , Groeninger Stefan , Mayr Agnes , Braun Niko , Alscher M. Dominik , Sechtem Udo , Mahrholdt Heiko 
Published: November 2016

Background—
Cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) may manifest as arrhythmia or even sudden cardiac death. Because patients with CS often present with nonspecific symptoms, normal electrocardiography, and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction, a reliable diagnostic tool for the work-up of CS is needed. Late gadolinium enhancement–cardiovascular magnetic resonance has proven diagnostic value in CS but has some limitations that may be overcome by adding newer cardiovascular magnetic resonance mapping techniques. The aim of our study was to evaluate a comprehensive cardiovascular magnetic resonance protocol, including late gadolinium enhancement and mapping sequences in sarcoid patients with no symptoms or unspecific symptoms and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction.

Methods and Results—

Sixty-one sarcoid patients were prospectively enrolled and underwent comprehensive cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging. Twenty-six healthy volunteers served as control group. Mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 65%; late gadolinium enhancement was only present in sarcoid patients (n=15). Sarcoid patients had a higher median native T1 (994 versus 960 ms;
P
<0.001), lower post contrast T1 (491 versus 526 ms;
P
=0.001), expanded extracellular volume (28 versus 25%;
P
=0.001), and higher T2 values (52 versus 49 ms;
P
<0.001) compared with controls. Among patients with values higher than the 95% percentile of healthy controls, most significant differences were observed for native T1 and T2 values. Most of these patients were late gadolinium enhancement negative.

Conclusions—
Patients with sarcoidosis demonstrate higher T1, extracellular volume, and T2 values compared with healthy controls, with most significant differences for native T1 and T2. While promising, the clinical significance of the newer mapping techniques with respect to early diagnosis and therapy of CS will have to be determined in future studies.
Indigenous Peoples and the New Extraction: From Territorial Rights to Hydrocarbon Citizenship in the Bolivian Chaco
Authors: Anthias Penelope 
Published: November 2016

A growing body of literature examines how the rise of “neo-extractivist” states in Latin America is reconfiguring the relationship between resources, nation, territory, and citizenship. However, the implications for indigenous territorial projects remain underexplored. Ethnographic research in the Bolivian Chaco reveals the ways in which indigenous territorial projects are becoming implicated in and being reimagined amidst the spatializing struggles of a hydrocarbon state. The tension between indigenous peoples’ desire for inclusion in a hydrocarbon-based national development project and their experiences of dispossession by an expanding hydrocarbon frontier has given rise to competing modes of “hydrocarbon citizenship” in the Guaraní territory Itika Guasu, where a vision of corporate-sponsored indigenous autonomy is pitted against new forms of state-funded development patronage. These dynamics challenge resistance narratives and resource-curse theories, revealing how resources act as conduits for deeper postcolonial struggles over territory, sovereignty, and citizenship. Un creciente cuerpo de literatura examina cómo el surgimiento de los estados “neo-extractivistas” en América Latina está reconfigurando la relación entre los recursos, la nación, el territorio y la ciudadanía. Sin embargo, las implicaciones para los proyectos territoriales indígenas han sido poco exploradas. Investigaciónes etnográficas en el Chaco boliviano revela cómo los pueblos indígenas están repensando sus proyectos territoriales en el contexto de las luchas espaciales de un estado extractivista. Destaco la tensión entre el deseo de los pueblos indígenas para su inclusión en un proyecto de desarrollo nacional basado en los hidrocarburos, y sus experiencias de despojo por la expansión de la frontera hidrocarburífera. Esta tensión ha dado lugar a modos opuestos de “ciudadanía de hidrocarburos” en el territorio Guaraní Itika Guasu, donde una visión de autonomía indígena patrocinada por una empresa petrolera se enfrenta a nuevos proyectos de desarrollo financiados por el estado. Estas dinámicas cuestionan narrativas de resistencia y teorías de “la maldición de los recursos,” revelando que los recursos actúan como conductos para luchas postcoloniales por el territorio, la soberanía y la ciudadanía.
Geographic Variation in Use of Vestibular Testing among Medicare Beneficiaries
Authors: Adams Meredith E. , Marmor Schelomo , Yueh Bevan , Kane Robert L. 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveThere is a lack of consensus regarding the indications for vestibular testing in the evaluation of dizziness and balance disorders. Geographic variation in health services utilization is associated with lack of consensus. To understand the variation in current practice, we investigated the patterns of use of vestibular testing and diagnosis codes for dizziness and balance disorders among individuals ≥65 years of age across different regions of the United States.Study DesignCross‐sectional study.SettingMedicare administrative claims data.Subjects and MethodsUsing the Summarized Denominator file, a sample of the US population linked to the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)–Medicare files (years 2000‐2010), we identified persons who were ≥65 years of age. We used multivariable analyses to determine the factors associated with vestibular testing and diagnoses.ResultsOf the 231,984 eligible Medicare beneficiaries, 27% were diagnosed with dizziness and balance disorders. Patterns of use of vestibular tests (eye movement recording for spontaneous nystagmus, caloric testing, and rotary chair testing) varied significantly by geographic region. Rotary chair test utilization varied most. We found significant geographic variation in vestibular testing and diagnoses after controlling for age, sex, race, Medicaid participation, and rurality.ConclusionsThere may be opportunities to improve the consistency and efficiency of care for dizziness and balance disorders. It will be important to define appropriate levels of vestibular diagnostic testing and which tests add sufficient value to justify the costs. Further work is needed to better characterize the causes and consequences of variation in vestibular test utilization.
Association between Laryngeal Pepsin Levels and the Presence of Vocal Fold Polyps
Authors: Wang Lu , Tan Jia‐Jie , Wu Ting , Zhang Rui , Wu Jia‐Nuan , Zeng Fang‐Fang , Liu You‐Li , Han Xiao‐Yan , Li Yan‐Fei , Li Xiang‐Ping 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveTo determine whether pepsin, the main component of refluxed gastric contents, is significantly associated with vocal fold polyps and to evaluate the diagnostic value of pepsin in vocal fold polyps’ tissues.Study DesignCross‐sectional study.SettingNanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University.Subjects and MethodsThe study included 32 patients with vocal fold polyps and 16 healthy controls between 2011 and 2012. Reflux symptom index and reflux finding score assessments, 24‐hour combined multichannel intraluminal impedance and pH monitoring, and biopsy of the vocal fold polyp tissues or posterior laryngeal mucosa (healthy controls) for immunohistochemical pepsin staining were performed.ResultsThe expression of pepsin was significantly higher in patients with vocal fold polyps than in controls (28/32, 75% vs 5/16, 31.25%; P <. 001). The pepsin levels were significantly positively correlated with upright position pharyngeal acid reflux and esophageal reflux parameters adjusted by age. Based on pepsin staining data, the sensitivity and negative predictive values of 24‐hour pH monitoring, the reflux symptom index, and the reflux finding score were 70% to 84.62%, whereas their specificity and positive predictive values were relatively low (20%‐31.58%).ConclusionPepsin reflux may be a risk factor for vocal fold polyps formation. In addition, pepsin immunohistochemical analysis of polyp biopsy samples appears to be a more sensitive and effective test for diagnosing laryngopharyngeal reflux than the reflux symptom index, the reflux finding score, and 24‐hour pH monitoring in a clinical setting.
The Effect of Vestibular Rehabilitation in Patients with Ménière’s Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: van Esch Babette F. , van der Scheer‐Horst Ellis S. , van der Zaag‐Loonen Hester J. , Bruintjes Tjasse D. , van Benthem Peter Paul G. 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveTo systematically review the evidence on the effect of vestibular rehabilitation in patients with Ménière’s disease (MD) on balance and dizziness‐related quality of life.Data SourcesA literature search was conducted in the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases.Review MethodsArticles were reviewed by 2 independent authors and data were compiled in tables for analysis regarding balance (ie, posturography) and dizziness‐specific quality of life in patients with MD. A comprehensive search was performed up to November 2015. Studies on relevance and methodological quality were assessed by means of the Cochrane risk of bias tool. For outcome on balance and quality of life, we calculated mean differences and their 95% confidence intervals.ResultsA total of 986 unique studies were retrieved. Five studies, including a total of 498 patients, fulfilled the eligibility criteria, including 2 randomized controlled trials and 3 prospective cohort studies. There was no study with a low risk of bias. We found inconsistent evidence for the effect of vestibular rehabilitation on balance and dizziness‐related quality of life.ConclusionBased on the low quality of the selected studies, it is inconclusive whether there is a positive effect of vestibular rehabilitation in patients with MD on balance and dizziness‐related quality of life.
Effect of sperm DNA fragmentation on clinical outcomes for Chinese couples undergoing in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection
Authors: Xue Lin-Tao , Wang Rui-Xue , He Bing , Mo Wei-Ying , Huang Li , Wang Shi-Kai , Mao Xian-Bao , Cheng Jun-Ping , Huang Yue-Yue , Liu RuiZhi 
Published: November 2016

Objective To investigate the effect of sperm DNA fragmentation on the fertilization rate, embryo development and pregnancy outcome of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in a cohort of Chinese couples. Methods Infertile couples that had undergone assisted reproductive technology at our centre between January 2011 and December 2013 were included in this retrospective study. Fractions of prepared sperm samples were evaluated for sperm DNA fragmentation on the day of oocyte recovery. Results Of the 550 couples selected, 415 had undergone IVF and 135 ICSI. Sperm DNA fragmentation rate was significantly negatively correlated with the fertilization rate in the ICSI cycles but not the IVF cycles. No association was found between sperm DNA fragmentation and cleavage rate or good quality embryo formation rates in IVF or ICSI cycles. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the sperm DNA fragmentation rate was a statistically significant prognostic indicator of the clinical fertilization rate in ICSI cycles; a rate > 22.3% was associated with a lower fertilization rate following ICSI compared with a rate ≤ 22.3%. Conclusions High values of sperm DNA fragmentation were associated with a low fertilization rate following ICSI but were not associated with alterations in pregnancy or live birth rates in either ICSI or IVF in this cohort of Chinese couples.
Clinical associations, biological risk factors and outcomes of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis
Authors: Gunes Hafize Nalan , Cokal Burcu Gokce , Guler Selda Keskin , Yoldas Tahir Kurtulus , Malkan Umit Yavuz , Demircan Cemile Sencer , Yon Mehmet Ilker , Yoldas Zeynep , Gunes Gursel , Haznedaroglu Ibrahim Celalettin 
Published: November 2016

Objective Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is a rare cerebrovascular disease affecting young adults. The majority of the patients are female. The aim of this study is to assess the clinical associations, risk factors and outcomes of the patients with CVST. Methods The data of 75 patients with CVST admitted to our hospital between 2006 and 2016 were reviewed. Demographic and clinical features and the thrombophilic risk factors of the patients were recorded. The localizations of the thrombi were determined and modified Rankin score at the time of onset and discharge were calculated. Results The majority of our patients (78.7%) were female. Median age was 35 years (16–76). The most common symptom was headache (86.7%). In 82.6% of our patients, inherited or acquired risk factors for thrombosis were detected. Transverse sinus was the most common site of thrombosis followed by sigmoid and superior sagittal sinuses. Two thirds of the patients had involvement of multiple sinuses. The patients with the involvement of sagittal sinus had better disability at the time of admittance ( p = 0.013) while the number of involved sinuses was correlated worse disability ( p = 0.015). The neurologic states in the majority of the patients were improved by the end of the hospitalization period ( p = 0.001). There was no significant difference in disability score at discharge between men and women ( p = 0.080). No patient with CVST died in the hospitalization period. Conclusions This study is one of the largest cohort studies on CVST in our region. The results of the study disclosed that CVST had wide range of clinical manifestations and non-specific symptoms at the beginning. For that reason, in especially high risk groups for thrombosis, the diagnosis of CVST should be kept in mind.
Multicomponent Palliative Care Interventions in Advanced Chronic Diseases: A Systematic Review
Authors: Phongtankuel Veerawat , Meador Lauren , Adelman Ronald D. , Roberts Jordan , Henderson Charles R. , Mehta Sonal S. , del Carmen Tessa , Reid M.C. 
Published: November 2016

Background: Many patients live with serious chronic or terminal illnesses. Multicomponent palliative care interventions have been increasingly utilized in patient care; however, it is unclear what is being implemented and who is delivering these interventions. Objectives: To (1) describe the delivery of multicomponent palliative care interventions, (2) characterize the disciplines delivering care, (3) identify the components being implemented, and (4) analyze whether the number of disciplines or components being implemented are associated with positive outcomes. Design: Systematic review. Study Selection: English-language articles analyzing multicomponent palliative care interventions. Outcomes Measured: Delivery of palliative interventions by discipline, components of palliative care implemented, and number of positive outcomes (eg, pain, quality of life). Results: Our search strategy yielded 71 articles, which detailed 64 unique multicomponent palliative care interventions. Nurses (n = 64, 88%) were most often involved in delivering care, followed by physicians (n = 43, 67%), social workers (n = 33, 52%), and chaplains (n = 19, 30%). The most common palliative care components patients received were symptom management (n = 56, 88%), psychological support/counseling (n = 52, 81%), and disease education (n = 48, 75%). Statistical analysis did not uncover an association between number of disciplines or components and positive outcomes. Conclusions: While there has been growth in multicomponent palliative care interventions over the past 3 decades, important aspects require additional study such as better inclusion of key groups (eg, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, end-stage renal disease, minorities, older adults); incorporating core components of palliative care (eg, interdisciplinary team, integrating caregivers, providing spiritual support); and developing ways to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions that can be readily replicated and disseminated.