bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Off‐Farm Labor Force Participation: Implications for Low Income Farm Families
Authors: Reddy Venkateshwar K. , Findeis Jill L. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractUsing Current Population Survey (CPS) data, off‐farm labor participation models are developed for U.S. farm operators and spouses for 1978 and 1984. Actual data for a sample of low income farm households are used in conjunction with the estimated models to determine if these families possess characteristics conducive to off‐farm work. Members of low income farm families are less likely to work off‐farm. Participation in off‐farm work among older farm families is constrained by the farm operator's education and the ages of both spouses. Among younger farm families, the presence of young children and regional location represent important constraints.
Anticoagulation vs Antiplatelet Treatment in Patients with Carotid and Vertebral Artery Dissection: A Study of 370 Patients and Literature Review
Authors: Daou Badih , Hammer Christine , Mouchtouris Nikolaos , Starke Robert M. , Koduri Sravanthi , Yang Steven , Jabbour Pascal , Rosenwasser Robert , Tjoumakaris Stavropoula 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Dissection of the carotid and vertebral arteries is an important cause of stroke in young patients.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to compare antithrombotic treatments in patients with carotid and vertebral dissections.

METHODS: Three hundred seventy patients with carotid and vertebral artery dissections were included. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to analyze the association between treatment and new or recurrent events and clinical outcome.

RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 24.3 months. In patients with spontaneous dissection, 55% received antiplatelets, 29.4% anticoagulation, and 12.6% combined treatment. New or recurrent ischemic and hemorrhagic events occurred in 9.6% of patients on antiplatelets, 10.4% on anticoagulation, and 13.3% on combined treatment. For traumatic dissection, 58.3% received antiplatelets, 26.9% anticoagulation, and 10.2% combined treatment. New or recurrent ischemic and hemorrhagic events occurred in 6.9% on antiplatelets, 11.1% on anticoagulation, and 20% on combined treatment. In patients with intracranial dissection, 63.1% were started on antiplatelets, 19.7% on anticoagulation, and 14.5% on combined treatment. Ischemic and hemorrhagic events occurred in 8.5% on antiplatelet treatment, 15.4% on anticoagulation, and 18.2% on combined treatment. In patients with extracranial dissection, 54.4% were on antiplatelets, 28.9% on anticoagulation, and 11.2% on combined treatment. Ischemic and hemorrhagic events occurred in 10.1% on antiplatelet treatment, 9.3% on anticoagulation, and 13.8% on combined treatment. The association between antithrombotic treatment and ischemic/hemorrhagic events and clinical outcome was not significant for all subtypes of dissection.

CONCLUSION: The rate of new or recurrent events is similar with antiplatelet and anticoagulation treatment in treating intracranial and extracranial carotid and vertebral artery dissection.
Bounds to Parapatric Speciation: A Dobzhansky-Muller incompatibility model involving autosomes, X chromosomes and mitochondria
Authors: Höellinger Ilse , Hermisson Joachim 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe investigate the conditions for the origin and maintenance of postzygotic isolation barriers, so called (Bateson-)Dobzhansky-Muller incompatibilities or DMIs, among populations that are connected by gene flow. Specifically, we compare the relative stability of pairwise DMIs among autosomes, X chromosomes, and mitochondrial genes. In an analytical approach based on a continent-island framework, we determine how the maximum permissible migration rates depend on the genomic architecture of the DMI, on sex bias in migration rates, and on sex-dependence of allelic and epistatic effects, such as dosage compensation. Our results show that X-linkage of DMIs can enlarge the migration bounds relative to autosomal DMIs or autosome-mitochondrial DMIs, in particular in the presence of dosage compensation. The effect is further strengthened with male-biased migration. This mechanism might contribute to a higher density of DMIs on the X chromosome (large X-effect) that has been observed in several species clades. Furthermore, our results agree with empirical findings of higher introgression rates of autosomal compared to X-linked loci.
Systematic Conservation Planning for Intraspecific Genetic Diversity
Authors: Paz-Vinas Ivan , Loot Géraldine , Hermoso Virgilio , Veyssiere Charlotte , Poulet Nicolas , Grenouillet Gaël , Blanchet Simon 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIntraspecific diversity informs the demographic and evolutionary histories of populations, and should be a main conservation target. Although approaches exist for identifying relevant biological conservation units, attempts to identify priority conservation areas for intraspecific diversity are scarce, especially within a multi-specific framework. We used neutral molecular data on six European freshwater fish species (Squalius cephalus,Phoxinus phoxinus, Barbatula barbatula,Gobio occitaniae,Leuciscus burdigalensisandParachondrostoma toxostoma) sampled at the riverscape scale (i.e. the Garonne-Dordogne River basin, France) to determine hot- and cold-spots of genetic diversity, and to identify priority conservation areas using a systematic conservation planning approach. We demonstrate that systematic conservation planning is efficient for identifying priority areas representing a predefined part of the total genetic diversity of a whole landscape. With the exception of private allelic richness, classical genetic diversity indices (allelic richness, genetic uniqueness) were poor predictors for identifying priority areas. Moreover, we identified weak surrogacies among conservation solutions found for each species, implying that conservation solutions are highly species-specific. Nonetheless, we showed that priority areas identified using intraspecific genetic data from multiple species provide more effective conservation solutions than areas identified for single species or on the basis of traditional taxonomic criteria.
Chromatin tethering to the nuclear envelope by nuclear actin filaments: a novel role of the actin cytoskeleton in theXenopusblastula
Authors: Oda Haruka , Shirai Natsuki , Ura Naoko , Ohsumi Keita , Iwabuchi Mari 
Published: February 2017

AbstractTheXenopusoocyte is known to accumulate filamentous or F-actin in the nucleus, but it is currently unknown whether F-actin also accumulates in embryo nuclei. Using fluorescence-labeled actin reporters, we examined the actin distribution inXenopusembryonic cells and found that F-actin accumulates in nuclei during the blastula stage but not during the gastrula stage. To further investigate nuclear F-actin, we devised aXenopusegg extract that reproduces the formation of nuclei in which F-actin accumulates. Using this extract, we found that F-actin accumulates primarily at the sub-nuclear membranous region and is essential to maintain chromatin binding to the nuclear envelope in well-developed nuclei. We also provide evidence that nuclear F-actin increases the structural stability of nuclei and contributes to chromosome alignment on the mitotic spindle at the following M phase. These results suggest the physiological importance of nuclear F-actin accumulation in rapidly dividing, largeXenopusblastula cells.
The Dense-Core Vesicle Maturation Protein CCCP-1 Binds RAB-2 and Membranes through its C-terminal Domain
Authors: Cattin-Ortolá Jérôme , Topalidou Irini , Dosey Annie , Merz Alexey J. , Ailion Michael 
Published: February 2017

AbstractDense-core vesicles (DCVs) are secretory organelles that store and release modulatory neurotransmitters from neurons and endocrine cells. Recently, the conserved coiled-coil protein CCCP-1 was identified as a component of the DCV biogenesis pathway in the nematodeC. elegans. CCCP-1 binds the small GTPase RAB-2 and colocalizes with it at the trans-Golgi. Here we report a structure-function analysis of CCCP-1 to identify domains of the protein important for its localization, binding to RAB-2, and function in DCV biogenesis. We find that the CCCP-1 C-terminal domain (CC3) has multiple activities. CC3 is necessary and sufficient for CCCP-1 localization and for binding to RAB-2, and is required for the function of CCCP-1 in DCV biogenesis. Additionally, CCCP-1 binds membranes directly through its CC3 domain, indicating that CC3 may comprise a previously uncharacterized lipid-binding motif. We conclude that CCCP-1 is a coiled-coil protein that binds an activated Rab and localizes to the Golgi via its C-terminus, properties similar to members of the golgin family of proteins. CCCP-1 also shares biophysical features with golgins; it has an elongated shape and forms oligomers.Synopsis statementCCCP-1 is a coiled-coil protein important for dense-core vesicle (DCV) biogenesis. A structure-function analysis of CCCP-1 shows that its C-terminal domain is required for (1) localization to membrane compartments near the trans-Golgi, (2) binding to activated RAB-2, (3) function in DCV biogenesis, and (4) direct binding to membranes. CCCP-1 has an elongated shape and forms oligomers. These findings suggest that CCCP-1 resembles members of the golgin family of proteins that act as membrane tethers.
Impact of hypoxia induced VEGF and its signaling during caudal fin regeneration in Zebrafish
Authors: Vivek sagayaraj.R , Malathi R. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT:Hypoxia is known to play important role during various cellular process, including regeneration. Regeneration is a complex process involving wound healing and tissue repair. We propose that hypoxia might mediate regeneration through angiogenesis involving angiogenic factors such as VEGF, VEGF-R2, NRP1a during the wound healing process. We have chosen Zebrafish model to study the role of hypoxia induced regeneration. Unlike mammals Zebrafish has the ability to regenerate. Hypoxic condition was mimicked using inorganic salt cobalt chloride to study caudal fin regeneration in adult Zebrafish. Intense blood vessel formation, with increased tail fin length experimented at various time points have been observed when adult zebrafish caudal fin partially amputated were exposed to 1% CoCl2. Regeneration is enhanced under hypoxia, with increased VEGF expression. To study the significance of VEGF signaling during wound healing and tissue regeneration, sunitinib well known inhibitor of VEGF receptor is used against CoCl2-induced caudal fin regeneration. Diminished fin length, lowering of blood vessel formation was documented using angioquant software, reduction in mRNA level of hypoxia inducible factors, VEGF and other pro-angiogenic genes such as VEGF, VEGF-R2, NRP1A, FGFR2, ANGPT1 were observed, while reduction in VEGF protein was demonstrated using western blot analysis. Genistein inhibitor of HIF-1α completely arrested regeneration, with suppression of VEGF highlighting the significance of hypoxia induced VEGF signaling during fin regeneration. Our results suggest that hypoxia through HIF-1α might lead to angiogenesis involving VEGF signaling during wound healing and this might throw light on therapeutic efficacy of cobalt chloride during regeneration.
Patterns of genomic variation in the opportunistic pathogenCandida glabratasuggest the existence of mating and a secondary association to the human host
Authors: Carreté Laia , Ksiezopolska Ewa , Pegueroles Cinta , Gómez-Molero Emilia , Saus Ester , Iraola-Guzmán Susana , Loska Damian , Bader Oliver , Fairhead Cecile , Gabaldón Toni 
Published: February 2017

AbstractCandida glabratais an opportunistic fungal pathogen that ranks as the second most common cause of systemic candidiasis. Despite its genus name, this yeast is more closely related to the model yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiaethan to otherCandidapathogens, and hence its ability to infect humans is thought to have emerged independently. Morover,C. glabratahas all the necessary genes to undergo a sexual cycle, but it is considered an asexual organism due to the lack of direct evidence of sexual reproduction. Here, we assessed genomic and phenotypic variation across 33 globally-distributedC. glabrataisolates. We cataloged extensive copy number variation, which particularly affects genes encoding cell-wall associated proteins, including adhesins. The observed level of genetic variation inC. glabratais significantly larger than that found inCandida albicans. This variation is structured in seven deeply divergent clades, which show recent geographical dispersion and large within-clade genomic and phenotypic differences. We show compelling evidence of recent admixture between differentiated lineages, and of purifying selection on mating genes, which provide fist evidence for the existence of a sexual cycle in this yeast. Altogether, our data point to a recent global spread of previously genetically isolated populations and suggest that humans are only a secondary niche for this yeast.
A conserved signaling network monitors delivery of sphingolipids to the plasma membrane in budding yeast
Authors: Clarke Jesse , Dephoure Noah , Horecka Ira , Gygi Steven , Kellogg Douglas 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn budding yeast, cell cycle progression and ribosome biogenesis are dependent upon plasma membrane growth, which ensures that events of cell growth are coordinated with each other and with the cell cycle. However, the signals that link the cell cycle and ribosome biogenesis to membrane growth are poorly understood. Here, we used proteome-wide mass spectrometry to systematically discover signals associated with membrane growth. The results suggest that membrane trafficking events required for membrane growth generate sphingolipid-dependent signals. A conserved signaling network plays an essential role in signaling by responding to delivery of sphingolipids to the plasma membrane. In addition, sphingolipid-dependent signals control phosphorylation of protein kinase C (Pkc1), which plays an essential role in the pathways that link the cell cycle and ribosome biogenesis to membrane growth. Together, these discoveries provide new clues to how growth-dependent signals control cell growth and the cell cycle.
Effect of fracture fill on frequency‐dependent anisotropy of fractured porous rocks
Authors: Kong Liyun , Gurevich Boris , Zhang Yan , Wang Yibo 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTIn fractured reservoirs, seismic wave velocity and amplitude depend on frequency and incidence angle. Frequency dependence is believed to be principally caused by the wave‐induced flow of pore fluid at the mesoscopic scale. In recent years, two particular phenomena, i.e., patchy saturation and flow between fractures and pores, have been identified as significant mechanisms of wave‐induced flow. However, these two phenomena are studied separately. Recently, a unified model has been proposed for a porous rock with a set of aligned fractures, with pores and fractures filled with two different fluids. Existing models treat waves propagating perpendicular to the fractures. In this paper, we extend the model to all propagation angles by assuming that the flow direction is perpendicular to the layering plane and is independent of the loading direction. We first consider the limiting cases through poroelastic Backus averaging, and then we obtain the five complex and frequency‐dependent stiffness values of the equivalent transversely isotropic medium as a function of the frequency. The numerical results show that, when the bulk modulus of the fracture‐filling fluid is relatively large, the dispersion and attenuation of P‐waves are mainly caused by fractures, and the values decrease as angles increase, almost vanishing when the incidence angle is 90° (propagation parallel to the fracture plane). While the bulk modulus of fluid in fractures is much smaller than that of matrix pores, the attenuation due to the “partial saturation” mechanism makes the fluid flow from pores into fractures, which is almost independent of the incidence angle.
Xenografting of isolated equine (Equus caballus) testis cells results in de novo morphogenesis of seminiferous tubules but not spermatogenesis
Authors: Zeng W. , Alpaugh W. , Stefanovski D. , Schlingmann K. , Dobrinski I. , Turner R. M. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryThe study of spermatogenesis in the horse is challenging because of the absence of an in vitro system that is capable of reproducing efficient spermatogenesis and because of the difficulties and costs associated with performing well‐controlled studies in vivo. In an attempt to develop novel methods for the study of equine spermatogenesis, we tested whether cells from enzymatically digested pre‐pubertal equine testicular tissue were capable of de novo tissue formation and spermatogenesis following xenografting under the back skin of immunocompromised mice. Testes were obtained from normal pre‐pubertal colts and dissociated into cell suspensions using trypsin/collagenase digestion. Resulting cell pellets, consisting of both somatic and germ cells, were injected into fascial pockets under the back skin of immunocompromised, castrated mice and maintained for between 1 and 14 months. Mice were killed and grafts were recovered and analyzed. As has been reported for testis cell suspensions from pigs, mice, cattle, and sheep, de novo formation of equine testicular tissue was observed, as evidenced by the presence of seminiferous tubules and an interstitial compartment. There was an increased likelihood of de novo testicular formation as grafting period increased. Using indirect immunofluorescence, we confirmed the presence of spermatogonia in de novo formed seminiferous tubules. However, we found no evidence of meiotic or haploid cells. These results indicate that dissociated pre‐pubertal equine testis cells are capable of reorganizing into the highly specialized endocrine and spermatogenic compartments of the testis following ectopic xenografting. However, in spite of the presence of spermatogonia within the seminiferous tubules, spermatogenesis does not occur. Although this technique does allow access to the cells within the seminiferous tubule and interstitial compartments of the equine testis prior to reaggregation, the absence of spermatogenesis will limit its use as a method for the study of testicular function in the horse.
Corneal profile in primary congenital glaucoma
Authors: Doozandeh Azadeh , Yazdani Shahin , Ansari Shabnam , Pakravan Mohammad , Motevasseli Tahmineh , Hosseini Bagher , Yasseri Mehdi 
Published: January 2017

AbstractPurposeTo investigate biomechanical and ultrastructural corneal parameters and ocular biometrics in the affected eyes of patients with unilateral primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) as compared to unaffected fellow eyes and age‐matched healthy controls.MethodsA total of 12 patients with treated unilateral PCG and 10 normal subjects were evaluated. LENSTAR was performed to determine biometric parameters; the ocular response analyser was employed to determine biomechanical properties and slit‐scanning confocal microscopy was used for evaluation of corneal ultrastucture.ResultsAxial length was significantly higher and mean keratometry in affected eyes was significantly flatter in affected eyes as compared to fellow eyes and normal controls (p < 0.05), and a negative correlation was present between axial length and mean keratometry (p < 0.05). Mean aqueous depth and anterior chamber depth were increased in affected eyes as compared to fellow eyes and normal controls (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in central corneal thickness (CCT) among affected eyes, fellow eyes and normal controls. Corneal hysteresis (CH) was significantly reduced in affected eyes (p < 0.05) and corneal resistance factor (CRF) was also reduced in the affected eyes as compared to fellow eyes and normal controls, although not statistically significant. Mean endothelial cell density was reduced in the affected eyes compared to fellow eyes and normal controls (p < 0.05).ConclusionCorneal biometrics, biomechanical parameters and ultrastructural features are altered in eyes affected with PCG despite clinically normal and clear corneas. These findings should be considered in the preoperative assessment of intraocular or corneal surgery in these patients.
Time and travelling costs during chick‐rearing in relation to habitat quality in Little OwlsAthene noctua
Authors: Staggenborg Julia , Schaefer H. Martin , Stange Christian , Naef‐Daenzer Beat , Grüebler Martin U. 
Published: February 2017

In many bird species, parents adjust their home‐ranges during chick‐rearing to the availability and distribution of food resources, balancing the benefits of energy intake against the costs of travelling. Over recent decades, European agricultural landscapes have changed radically, resulting in the degradation of habitats and reductions in food resources for farmland birds. Lower foraging success and longer foraging trip distances that result from these changes are often assumed to reduce the reproductive performance of parents, although the mechanisms are not well understood. We tested the behavioural response of chick‐rearing Little OwlsAthene noctuato variation in habitat diversity in an agricultural landscape. We equipped females withGPSloggers and received adequate range‐use data for 19 individuals (6063–14 439 locations per bird). In habitats dominated by homogeneous cropland habitats, home‐ranges were over 12 ha in size, whereas in highly diverse habitats they were below 2 ha. Large home‐ranges were associated with increased flight activity (117% of that of birds in small home‐ranges) and distances travelled per night (152%), increased duration of foraging trips (169%) covering larger distances (246%), and reduced nest visiting rates (81%). The study therefore provides strong correlative evidence that Little Owls breeding in monotonous farmland habitats expend more time and energy for a lower benefit in terms of feeding rates than do birds in more heterogeneous landscapes. As nestling food supply is the main determinant of chick survival, these results suggest a strong impact of farmland characteristics on local demographic rates. We suggest that preserving and creating islands of high habitat diversity within uniform open agricultural landscapes should be a key target in the conservation of Little Owl populations.