bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Threats to large brown algal forests in temperate seas: the overlooked role of native herbivorous fish
Authors: Gianni Fabrizio , Bartolini Fabrizio , Pey Alexis , Laurent Mathieu , Martins Gustavo M. , Airoldi Laura , Mangialajo Luisa 
Published: July 2017

AbstractCanopy-forming algae are declining globally due to multiple disturbances. This decline has recently been on the increase due to the spread of some tropical herbivorous fishes. This new phenomenon has drawn attention to the effects of fish herbivory in temperate areas, which have been assumed to be negligible compared to that of invertebrates, such as sea urchins. In this study, the impact of a Mediterranean native herbivorous fish (Sarpa salpa, salema) was assessed on the canopy-forming seaweed Cystoseira amentacea var. stricta. Cystoseira amentacea forms belts in the infralittoral fringe of wave-exposed shores, which has so far been considered a refuge from fish herbivory. To test the effects of salema feeding on natural C. amentacea belts, an innovative herbivore deterrent device was conceived. Salema had a significant effect on C. amentacea by decreasing algal size, biomass and fertility, by up to 97%. The results suggest that the contribution of salema feeding to the loss of Cystoseira forests in the Mediterranean may have been overlooked. In addition, the analysis of temporal and spatial patterns of salema landings in the Mediterranean Sea suggests that salema abundance may have increased recently. Thus, along with invertebrate herbivory and anthropogenic stressors, fish herbivory may also represent a potential threat to algal forests in temperate areas.
Functional variation of SHP-2 promoter is associated with preterm birth and delayed myelination and motor development in preterm infants
Authors: Shim So-Yeon , Jeong Hye Jin , Park Hyo Jin , Kwon Eun Young , Kim Bo Min , Choi Yang Ji , Choi Youn-Hee , Cho Su Jin , Choi Ji Ha , Park Eun Ae 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSrc homology 2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP-2) is a cytoplasmic tyrosine phosphatase that is highly expressed in hematopoietic cells and in the CNS and exerts opposite effects on signal transduction by exerting a neuroprotective or proapoptotic effect. Several mutations of SHP-2 have been found in children with myeloproliferative disorders or malignant leukemia, and some of these can affect brain development. In the present study, we aimed to identify and functionally characterize genetic variations in SHP-2 in 72 preterm and 58 full-term infants and to evaluate the effect of the variations on neurodevelopment in preterm infants. Twelve genetic variations were identified. Among them, two variations in the SHP-2 promoter, g.-317C > T and g.-273G > A, were found to significantly increase promoter activity, and the frequency of g.-273G > A was higher in preterm infants than in full-term infants. Two transcription factors, NF-κB and GABPα, were found to be involved in the transcriptional regulation of SHP-2 by the two above-mentioned variations. In particular, we found that g.-273G > A was significantly associated with delayed myelination and poor motor development in preterm infants. Our results suggest that a functional promoter variation in SHP-2 is associated with spontaneous preterm birth itself as well as white matter myelination and neurodevelopment.
A novel optical thermometry based on the energy transfer from charge transfer band to Eu3+-Dy3+ ions
Authors: Wang Jing , Bu Yanyan , Wang Xiangfu , Seo Hyo Jin 
Published: July 2017

AbstractOptical thermometry based on the up-conversion intensity ratio of thermally coupled levels of rare earth ions has been widely studied to achieve an inaccessible temperature measurement in submicron scale. In this work, a novel optical temperature sensing strategy based on the energy transfer from charge transfer bands of W-O and Eu-O to Eu3+-Dy3+ ions is proposed. A series of Eu3+/Dy3+ co-doped SrWO4 is synthesized by the conventional high-temperature solid-state method. It is found that the emission spectra, emission intensity ratio of Dy3+ (572 nm) and Eu3+ (615 nm), fluorescence color, lifetime decay curves of Dy3+ (572 nm) and Eu3+ (615 nm), and relative and absolute sensitivities of Eu3+/Dy3+ co-doped SrWO4 are temperature dependent under the 266 nm excitation in the temperature range from 11 K to 529 K. The emission intensity ratio of Dy3+ (572 nm) and Eu3+ (615 nm) ions exhibits exponentially relation to the temperature due to the different energy transfer from the charge transfer bands of W-O and Eu-O to Dy3+ and Eu3+ ions. In this host, the maximum relative sensitivity Sr can be reached at 1.71% K−1, being higher than those previously reported material. It opens a new route to obtain optical thermometry with high sensitivity through using down-conversion fluorescence under ultraviolet excitation.
Functional distinction of hyphal compartments
Authors: Tegelaar Martin , Wösten Han A. B. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractHyphae of higher fungi grow at their tips and are compartmentalized by porous septa that enable inter-compartmental cytoplasmic streaming. Woronin bodies discontinue cytoplasmic streaming by plugging the septal pores. Here, it was assessed whether apical compartments of Aspergillus niger sustain their own growth or whether their growth depends on subapical compartments. Hyphae of wildtype and the ΔhexA strain, lacking Woronin bodies, had a similar morphology and growth rate. A total of 58% and 17% of the hyphae continued growing, respectively, after dissecting the 2nd compartment. Extension rate of the apical compartments that continued growing was not affected, even when the carbon or nitrogen source was limiting. Thus, apical compartments are self-sustaining in growth. It was also shown that the first 8 subapical compartments of the wildtype, but not of the ΔhexA strain, function as a backup system for growth by forming new branches when their apical neighbouring compartment has been damaged. This backup system is pivotal in nature because of the life style of fungi to continuously explore their surrounding substrate that may prove hostile.
Effect of inoculation of Burkholderia sp. strain SJ98 on bacterial community dynamics and para-nitrophenol, 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol, and 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol degradation in soil
Authors: Min Jun , Wang Bin , Hu Xiaoke 
Published: July 2017

Abstractpara-Nitrophenol (PNP), 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol (3M4NP), and 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol (2C4NP) are highly toxic compounds that have caused serious environmental issues. We inoculated an artificially contaminated soil with Burkholderia sp. strain SJ98, which has the ability to degrade PNP, 3M4NP, and 2C4NP, and quantified bioremediation. There was accelerated degradation of all nitrophenols in inoculated treatments compared to the un-inoculated treatments. The indigenous bacteria were able to degrade PNP, but not 3M4NP or 2C4NP. Real-time PCR targeting the catabolic gene pnpA showed that levels of strain SJ98 remained stable over the incubation period. High-throughput sequencing revealed that both contamination and bioaugmentation influenced the bacterial community structure. Bioaugmentation seemed to protect Kineosporia, Nitrososphaera, and Schlesneria from nitrophenol inhibition, as well as led to a sharp increase in the abundance of Nonomuraea, Kribbella, and Saccharopolyspora. There was a significant increase in the relative abundances of Thermasporomyces, Actinomadura, and Streptomyces in both contaminated and bioaugmented treatments; this indicated that these bacteria are likely directly related to nitrophenol degradation. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the simultaneous removal of PNP, 3M4NP, and 2C4NP using bioaugmentation. This study provides valuable insights into the bioremediation of soils contaminated with nitrophenols.
Inhibition of TGF-β signaling supports high proliferative potential of diverse p63+ mouse epithelial progenitor cells in vitro
Authors: Suzuki Daisuke , Pinto Filipa , Senoo Makoto 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMouse models have been used to provide primary cells to study physiology and pathogenesis of epithelia. However, highly efficient simple approaches to propagate mouse primary epithelial cells remain challenging. Here, we show that pharmacological inhibition of TGF-β signaling enables long-term expansion of p63+ epithelial progenitor cells in low Ca2+ media without the need of progenitor cell-purification steps or support by a feeder cell layer. We find that TGF-β signaling is operative in mouse primary keratinocytes in conventional cultures as determined by the nuclear Smad2/3 localization. Accordingly, TGF-β signaling inhibition in crude preparations of mouse epidermis robustly increases proliferative capacity of p63+ epidermal progenitor cells, while preserving their ability of differentiation in response to Ca2+ stimulation. Notably, inhibition of TGF-β signaling also enriches and expands other p63+ epithelial progenitor cells in primary crude cultures of multiple epithelia, including the cornea, oral and lingual epithelia, salivary gland, esophagus, thymus, and bladder. We anticipate that this simple and efficient approach will facilitate the use of mouse models for studying a wide range of epithelia by providing highly enriched populations of diverse p63+ epithelial progenitor cells in quantity.
Tunable uptake/release mechanism of protein microgel particles in biomimicking environment
Authors: Pepe A. , Podesva P. , Simone G. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMicrogels are intra-molecular crosslinked macromolecules that can be used as vehicles to deliver and release drugs at the point-of-need in the patient’s body. Here, gelatin microgels were formed from microfluidics droplets, stabilised by aldehydes and frozen into a spheroidal shape. Microgel morphology and response to external stimuli were characterised. It was found that the behaviour of the spheroidal microgels was sensitive to both pH and ionic strength and that the distribution of charges into the microgels affected the behaviour of swelling and uptake. The uptake of molecules such as Rhodamine B and Methylene Blue were investigated as a model for drug uptake/release mechanisms. Under physiological conditions, the uptake of Rhodamine was rapid and a uniform distribution of the fluorescent molecules was recorded inside the microgels. However, the mechanism of release became slower at lower pH, which mimics the stomach environment. Under physiological conditions, Methylene Blue release occurred faster than for Rhodamine. Anionic and neutral molecules were also tested. In conclusion, the dependence of uptake and release of model drugs on basic/acid conditions shows that microgels could be used for targeted drug delivery. Different shaped microgels, such as spheres, spheroids, and rods, could be useful in tissue engineering or during vascularisation.
Doping porous silicon with erbium: pores filling as a method to limit the Er-clustering effects and increasing its light emission
Authors: Mula Guido , Printemps Tony , Licitra Christophe , Sogne Elisa , D’Acapito Francesco , Gambacorti Narciso , Sestu Nicola , Saba Michele , Pinna Elisa , Chiriu Daniele , Ricci Pier Carlo , Casu Alberto , Quochi Francesco , Mura Andrea , Bongiovanni Giovanni , Falqui Andrea 
Published: July 2017

AbstractEr clustering plays a major role in hindering sufficient optical gain in Er-doped Si materials. For porous Si, the long-standing failure to govern the clustering has been attributed to insufficient knowledge of the several, concomitant and complex processes occurring during the electrochemical Er-doping. We propose here an alternative road to solve the issue: instead of looking for an equilibrium between Er content and light emission using 1–2% Er, we propose to significantly increase the electrochemical doping level to reach the filling the porous silicon pores with luminescent Er-rich material. To better understand the intricate and superposing phenomena of this process, we exploit an original approach based on needle electron tomography, EXAFS and photoluminescence. Needle electron tomography surprisingly shows a heterogeneous distribution of Er content in the silicon thin pores that until now couldn’t be revealed by the sole use of scanning electron microscopy compositional mapping. Besides, while showing that pore filling leads to enhanced photoluminescence emission, we demonstrate that the latter is originated from both erbium oxide and silicate. These results give a much deeper understanding of the photoluminescence origin down to nanoscale and could lead to novel approaches focused on noteworthy enhancement of Er-related photoluminescence in porous silicon.
Combining Low-dimensional Wavelet Features and Support Vector Machine for Arrhythmia Beat Classification
Authors: Qin Qin , Li Jianqing , Zhang Li , Yue Yinggao , Liu Chengyu 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAutomatic feature extraction and classification are two main tasks in abnormal ECG beat recognition. Feature extraction is an important prerequisite prior to classification since it provides the classifier with input features, and the performance of classifier depends significantly on the quality of these features. This study develops an effective method to extract low-dimensional ECG beat feature vectors. It employs wavelet multi-resolution analysis to extract time-frequency domain features and then applies principle component analysis to reduce the dimension of the feature vector. In classification, 12-element feature vectors characterizing six types of beats are used as inputs for one-versus-one support vector machine, which is conducted in form of 10-fold cross validation with beat-based and record-based training schemes. Tested upon a total of 107049 beats from MIT-BIH arrhythmia database, our method has achieved average sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 99.09%, 99.82% and 99.70%, respectively, using the beat-based training scheme, and 44.40%, 88.88% and 81.47%, respectively, using the record-based training scheme.
Poly(3-hexylthiophene)-based non-fullerene solar cells achieve high photovoltaic performance with small energy loss
Authors: Liu Feng , Zhang Jianyun , Zhou Zichun , Zhang Jianqi , Wei Zhixiang , Zhu Xiaozhang 
Published: July 2017

P3HT-based PSCs with a new electron acceptor, ATT-3, show a high PCE of 6.27% with a small energy loss of 0.68 eV.
New Method of Injured Nerve Repair
Authors: Korsak Alina , Likhodiievskyi Volodymyr , Chaikovsky Yuri , Sokurenko Liudmyla 
Published: July 2017

Background Innovative surgical techniques form the basis of therapeutic approaches to address the negative consequences of nerve damage. This study evaluated the effectiveness of nerve trunk regeneration after the use of an electrosurgical instrument by looking at the patterns of morphological changes in the injured nerve and the structural elements of the segment motor center.
Methodology The study was performed on male Wistar rats divided into four groups: group 1, control; group 2, rats with simulated sciatic nerve injury with epineural sutures; 3, rats subjected to an experimental surgical procedure using high-frequency electric welding technology; and 4, rats with simulated sciatic nerve injury without posttransection repair. To study changes in the peripheral stump of the transected nerves and L5 segments of the spinal cord, we used histologic, immunohistochemical, and morphometric methods.
Results At week 12 after the surgery, there were more S-100+ Schwann cells, increased expression of neurofilaments (NFs), and glial fibrillary acidic protein in the peripheral stump in group 3 than in groups 2 and 4, which indicates enhanced neurotization and myelination. Group 3 animals demonstrated reduced expression of S-100 and NFs in the motor center of the spinal cord compared with group 2 that suggests less pronounced reactive changes caused by electric welding technology.
Conclusions The study showed a novel surgical method using an electrosurgical instrument in a welding mode to stimulate regeneration of the injured nerve and to cause less prominent reactive changes in its segment motor center.
Comparison of Bite Force with Locking Plates versus Non-Locking Plates in the Treatment of Mandibular Fractures: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Glória José , Fernandes Ighor , Silveira Esmeralda , Souza Glaciele , Rocha Ricardo , Galvão Endi , Falci Saulo 
Published: July 2017

Introduction Mandibular fractures represent a high percentage of all facial fractures, and the bite force is a fundamental parameter to measure the actual mandibular function and, subsequently, the masticatory efficiency and quality of life.
Objectives The purpose of the present systematic review was to verify if there is any difference in the bite forces of patients with mandibular fractures fixed by locking or non-locking plates, testing the null hypothesis of no difference in this parameter.
Data Synthesis A systematic review of the literature was conducted using four databases (PubMed, Virtual Health Library, Web of Science and Science Direct) without restrictions as to publication date or language. We found 3,039 abstracts, and selected 4 articles for this review.
Conclusion The overall results show better performance in bite force for the locking plates when compared with the non-locking plates in the incisor region (mean deviation [MD]: 1.18; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 0.13–2.23), right molar region (MD: 4.71; 95%CI: 0.63–8.79) and left molar region (MD: 10.34; 95%CI: 4.55–16.13). Although the results of this study indicated a better bite force result with the locking plates, there is still no sufficient evidence to support this information safely.
Selen in der onkologischen Intervention
Authors: Stoll Günther 
Published: July 2017

SummaryDie Gabe von Selen-Arzneimitteln mit dem Wirkstoff Natriumselenit-Pentahydrat als supportive Begleittherapie bei Tumorerkrankungen ist eine inzwischen gut fundierte komplementäre Behandlungsmaßnahme. Der Ausgleich der bei Tumorpatienten häufig feststellbaren Selenmangelzustände zielt auf die Refunktionalisierung der selenabhängigen Stoffwechselwege sowie die Kompensation von Nebenwirkungen.
Meningeosis carcinomatosa als seltener Metastasierungsweg eines BRAF-mutierten Mikrosatelliten-stabilen Kolonkarzinoms
Authors: Höblinger Aksana , Weber Stephanie , Tschirner Florian , Kröber Stefan , Streetz Konrad 
Published: July 2017

ZusammenfassungEine Meningeosis neoplastica ist eine seltene, aber schwerwiegende Komplikation solider Neopasien (Melanome, Mamma-, Bronchial- oder gastrointestinale Karzinome). Die klinische Manifestation der Meningeosis ist äußerst variabel. Sie äußert sich z. B. in radikulären Schmerzen mit oder ohne neurologischen Ausfällen sowie in Kopfschmerzen bis hin zu halluzinatorischen Reizsymptomen. Ob dieses unspezifischen Symptomcharakters wird eine Meningeosis neoplastica häufig zu spät diagnostiziert und behandelt. Wir berichten hier über den seltenen Fall einer Patientin mit einem lymphatisch und ossär metastasierten BRAF-mutierten Mikrosatelliten-stabilen Kolonkarzinom, welche einen Monat nach der Diagnosestellung neurologische Reiz- und Ausfallsymptome entwickelte. Durch den zytologischen Nachweis von Tumorzellen im Liquorsediment konnte – trotz einer unauffälligen MRT-Diagnostik – eine Meningeosis carcinomatosa gesichert werden. Unter einer intrathekalen Therapie mit Methotrexat, kombiniert mit einer intensiven systemischen Antikörperchemotherapie, wurde passager eine gute partielle Remission der Tumorerkrankung erreicht. Ca. 8 Monate nach Therapiebeginn entwickelte jedoch die Patientin eine progrediente Meningeosis und verstarb wenige Wochen später.
The challenge of liver resection in benign solid liver tumors in modern times – in which cases should surgery be done?
Authors: Hau Hans-Michael , Kloss Anne , Wiltberger Georg , Jahn Nora , Krenzien Felix , Benzing Christian , Schmelzle Moritz , Seehofer Daniel , Atanasov Georgi , Bartels Michael 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Background Due to improved diagnostical and therapeutical approaches, benign liver tumors represent a challenge in clinical management. We here report our experience with patients undergoing liver resection for benign liver tumors.
Methods 188 One hundred eighty-eight consecutive patients, who underwent surgery for solid benign liver tumors from 1992 – 2014, were analyzed retrospectively. The focus was on diagnostic pathways, indications for surgery, and perioperative and postoperative quality of life (QoL).
Results Of 188 patients, 100 had focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) (53.2 %), 33 had hepatocellular adenoma (17.5 %), and 55 had hemangioma (29.3 %). In most patients, there was more than one 1 indication for liver resection, including tumor-associated symptoms (n = 82, 43.6 %), suspicion of malignancy (n = 104, 55.3 %), tumor disease in the medical history (n = 48, 25.5 %), or tumor enlargement (n = 27, 14.4 %). Serious complications (>grade III;, Clavien-Dindo) occurred in 9.5 % of patients. Perioperative mortality was 0.5 %. Patient pain scores decreased over time (p < 0.001). QoL after liver resection significantly improved (p = 0.007).
Conclusion Uncertainty of the tumor entity remains an issue in preoperative diagnostics. If indicated, liver resection for benign liver tumors represents a safe approach and leads to significant improvements of QoL.
Chocó Spanish double negation and the genesis of the Afro-Hispanic dialects of the Americas
Authors: Sessarego Sandro 
Published: July 2017

AbstractChocó Spanish is an Afro-Hispanic dialect spoken in the Pacific lowlands of Colombia. This variety is characterized by the presence of double-negative constructions (neg2) (i.e.,yonocomono“I do not eat”), which have repeatedly been classified in the literature as the contemporary traces of a previous Afro-Portuguese creole stage for this vernacular. The present paper provides linguistic and sociohistorical evidence offering an alternative explanation. In particular,neg2 is analyzed as an archaic morphosyntactic trait which already existed in 15th–19th century Spanish and which has been preserved in Chocó Spanish and other conservative Afro-Hispanic vernaculars of Latin America.
Areal features of Hittite conditionals
Authors: Zorman Marina 
Published: July 2017

AbstractHittite conditionals exhibit some morphosyntactic peculiarities which are not yet fully understood, such as the conditional conjunctiontakkuderived from a demonstrative plus “and”, some unexpected alternations from past to present and the irrealis particle (-)manused in hypothetical, potential and contrary-to-fact conditionals. Cross-linguistically these features are not frequent, and inheritance from Proto-Indo-European cannot be claimed. A close look into the syntax and semantics of (Peripheral) Akkadian and Sumerian reveals that they may be innovations due to language contact between Hittite and Semitic languages. This fact deserves appropriate consideration in the reconstruction of Proto-Anatolian and Proto-Indo-European.