bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐density lipoprotein reduces inflammation from cholesterol crystals by inhibiting inflammasome activation
Authors: Thacker Seth G. , Zarzour Abdalrahman , Chen Ye , Alcicek Mustafa S. , Freeman Lita A. , Sviridov Dennis O. , Demosky Stephen J. , Remaley Alan T. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryInterleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), a potent pro‐inflammatory cytokine, has been implicated in many diseases, including atherosclerosis. Activation of IL‐1β is controlled by a multi‐protein complex, the inflammasome. The exact initiating event in atherosclerosis is unknown, but recent work has demonstrated that cholesterol crystals (CC) may promote atherosclerosis development by activation of the inflammasome. High‐density lipoprotein (HDL) has consistently been shown to be anti‐atherogenic and to have anti‐inflammatory effects, but its mechanism of action is unclear. We demonstrate here that HDL is able to suppress IL‐1β secretion in response to cholesterol crystals in THP‐1 cells and in human‐monocyte‐derived macrophages. HDL is able to blunt inflammatory monocyte cell recruitment in vivo following intraperitoneal CC injection in mice. HDL appears to modulate inflammasome activation in several ways. It reduces the loss of lysosomal membrane integrity following the phagocytosis of CC, but the major mechanism for the suppression of inflammasome activation by HDL is decreased expression of pro‐IL‐1β and NLRP3, and reducing caspase‐1 activation. In summary, we have described a novel anti‐inflammatory effect of HDL, namely its ability to suppress inflammasome activation by CC by modulating the expression of several key components of the inflammasome.
Exposing information sharing as strategic behavior: power as responsibility and “Trust” buttons
Authors: Bălău Nicoleta , Utz Sonja 
Published: June 2016

AbstractOnline platforms' success depends on individual's information sharing (IS). However, previous research showed that “knowledge is power” is a default‐perception in organizations and that individuals share relatively unimportant information while keeping the important private information for themselves. Trust has also been identified as important enabler of IS. We examined the role of power construed as responsibility for others' outcomes and of a “Trust” button, a theory‐inspired technological feature, using a 2(Power construals: opportunity vs. responsibility) × 2(Buttons: “Like” vs. “Like‐or‐Trust”) × 2(Information sharedness as within‐subjects factor; public, private) design. Findings showed that construing power as responsibility and “Trust” button's presence increased the sharing of private information; clicking behavior yielded insights into the underlying mechanisms. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Enhancing interest in science: exemplars as cues to communal affordances of science
Authors: Clark Emily K. , Fuesting Melissa A. , Diekman Amanda B. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA deterrent to recruiting students into STEM pathways is the stereotype that STEM fields do not afford communal goals to work with or help others. We investigate the challenges to cueing communal opportunities in science via brief exposure to scientist exemplars. Both male and female scientists depicted as engaged in communal work increased beliefs that science afforded communal goals and positivity toward science careers (Study 1). Without the direct performance of communal activities, communal affordances were cued only when a female scientist was prototypic of her gender category and respondents were highly communally oriented (Study 2). To change stereotypes that science does not involve communal goals, both female and male scientists can highlight communal aspects of their work.
Clinical efficacy of coronally advanced flap with or without connective tissue graft for the treatment of multiple adjacent gingival recessions in the aesthetic area: a randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Cairo Francesco , Cortellini Pierpaolo , Pilloni Andrea , Nieri Michele , Cincinelli Sandro , Amunni Franco , Pagavino Gabriella , Tonetti Maurizio S. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to assess the clinical efficacy of coronally advanced flap (CAF) with or without connective tissue graft (CTG) for the treatment of multiple adjacent gingival recessions in the upper arch.Material and MethodsThirty‐two patients with a total of 74 gingival recessions were randomly allocated to the two groups. Outcome measures, collected by a blind examiner, included complete root coverage (CRC), recession reduction (RecRed), keratinized tissue (KT) gain, increase in gingival thickness (GT), patient satisfaction and root coverage esthetic score (RES).ResultsAn interaction between treatment and baseline GT was detected. At 1 year, CAF + CTG resulted in better outcomes in terms of CRC (p = 0.0016) and RecRed (p < 0.0001) than CAF alone at sites with thin gingiva (thickness ≤ 0.8 mm). No difference was found between CAF alone and CAF + CTG at sites with thick gingiva (>0.8 mm). CAF resulted in higher aesthetic scores (RES) than CAF + CTG at sites with thick gingiva. CAF + CTG was associated with greater KT gain (p < 0.0001) and greater post‐operative morbidity (p < 0.0001).ConclusionConnective tissue graft under CAF results in increased probability of CRC only at sites with thin baseline gingiva. CAF alone is associated with similar clinical outcomes and better aesthetics at sites with thick baseline gingiva.
Neovahlkampfia nana n. sp. Reinforcing an Underrepresented Subclade of Tetramitia, Heterolobosea
Authors: Tyml Tomáš , Lares‐Jiménez Luis F. , Kostka Martin , Dyková Iva 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe study provides robust genetic evidence that a newly isolated naked ameba with morphological and ultrastructural features indicative of Heterolobosea is a new species. Neovahlkampfia nana n. sp. associates with the yet underrepresented subclade of Tetramitia I. Considerable differences found in 18S rRNA gene sequences of individual molecular clones derived from DNA of five clonal cultures, using a low fidelity DNA polymerase, raised the issue of intragenomic sequence variation, a phenomenon that has not been previously studied in Heterolobosea. However, as proved using a higher fidelity DNA polymerase, the sequence variability observed was introduced by PCR mediated by the low fidelity polymerase and fixed by molecular cloning. This points to the potentially dubious validity of some current nominal species of Heterolobosea that differ from one another in just one or two base positions.
Utilization of 3D printing for an intravital microscopy platform to study the intestinal microcirculation
Authors: BURKOVSKIY I. , LEHMANN C. , JIANG C. , ZHOU J. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryIntravital microscopy of the intestine is a sophisticated technique that allows qualitative and quantitative in vivo observation of dynamic cellular interactions and blood flow at a high resolution. Physiological conditions of the animal and in particular of the observed organ, such as temperature and moisture are crucial for intravital imaging. Often, the microscopy stage with the animal or the organ of interest imposes limitations on how well the animal can be maintained. In addition, the access for additional oxygen supply or drug administration during the procedure is rather restricted. To address these limitations, we developed a novel intravital microscopy platform, allowing us to have improved access to the animal during the intravital microscopy procedure, as well as improved microenvironmental maintenance. The production process of this prototype platform is based on 3D printing of device parts in a single‐step process. The simplicity of production and the advantages of this versatile and customizable design are shown and discussed in this paper. Our design potentially represents a major step forward in facilitating intestinal intravital imaging using fluorescent microscopy.
Activity and circadian rhythm influence synaptic Shank3 protein levels in mice
Authors: Sarowar Tasnuva , Chhabra Resham , Vilella Antonietta , Boeckers Tobias M. , Zoli Michele , Grabrucker Andreas M. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractVarious recent studies revealed that the proteins of the Shank family act as major scaffold organizing elements in the post‐synaptic density of excitatory synapses and that their expression level is able to influence synapse formation, maturation and ultimately brain plasticity. An imbalance in Shank3 protein levels has been associated with a variety of neuropsychological and neurodegenerative disorders including autism spectrum disorders and Phelan–McDermid syndrome. Given that sleep disorders and low melatonin levels are frequently observed in autism spectrum disorders, and that circadian rhythms may be able to modulate Shank3 signaling and thereby synaptic function, here, we performed in vivo studies on CBA mice using protein biochemistry to investigate the synaptic expression levels of Shank3α during the day in different brain regions. Our results show that synaptic Shank3 protein concentrations exhibit minor oscillations during the day in hippocampal and striatal brain regions that correlate with changes in serum melatonin levels. Furthermore, as circadian rhythms are tightly connected to activity levels in mice, we increased physical activity using running wheels. The expression of Shank3α increases rapidly by induced activity in thalamus and cortex, but decreases in striatum, superimposing the circadian rhythms of different brain regions. We conclude that synaptic Shank3 proteins build highly dynamic platforms that are modulated by the light:dark cycles but even more so driven by activity.
image
Using wild‐type CBA mice, we show that Shank3 is a highly dynamic and activity‐regulated protein at synapses. In the hippocampus, changes in synaptic Shank3 levels are influenced by circadian rhythm/melatonin concentration, while running activity increases and decreases levels of Shank3 in the cortex and striatum respectively.
Subanesthetic doses of ketamine stabilize the fusion pore in a narrow flickering state in astrocytes
Authors: Lasič Eva , Rituper Boštjan , Jorgačevski Jernej , Kreft Marko , Stenovec Matjaž , Zorec Robert 
Published: June 2016

AbstractKetamine is an anesthetic that exhibits analgesic, psychotomimetic, and rapid antidepressant effects that are of particular neuropharmacological interest. Recent studies revealed astrocytic Ca2+ signaling and regulated exocytosis as ketamine‐targeted processes. Thus high‐resolution cell‐attached membrane capacitance measurements were performed to examine the influence of ketamine on individual vesicle interactions with the plasma membrane in cultured rat astrocytes. Ketamine evoked long‐lasting bursts of repetitive opening and closing of the fusion pore that were both time‐ and concentration‐dependent. Moreover, acute application and subanesthetic doses of ketamine elicited a significant increase in the occurrence of bursts that were characterized by a decreased fusion pore conductance, indicating that the fusion pore was stabilized in a narrow configuration. The time‐ and concentration‐dependent increase in burst occurrence was correlated with a decrease in full fission events. This study has demonstrated a novel effect of ketamine manifested as stabilization of a fusion pore incapable of transiting to full vesicle fission, suggestive of an inhibitory effect on vesicle retrieval. This until now unrecognized effect of ketamine on the vesicle fusion pore might play a role in astroglial release and (re)uptake of molecules, modulating synaptic activity.
image
This study demonstrates a novel effect of ketamine on the fusion pore. High‐resolution cell‐attached membrane capacitance measurements revealed that ketamine evokes long‐lasting flickering of a narrow fusion pore that is incapable of transiting to full fission. Astrocytic vesicle fusion/retrieval modified by subanesthetic ketamine doses most likely affects gliotransmission and indicates a non‐neuronal mechanism of ketamine action that may contribute to its behavioral effects.
Physiochemical properties and application of hyaluronic acid: a systematic review
Authors: Salwowska Natalia M , Bebenek Katarzyna A , Żądło Dominika A , Wcisło‐Dziadecka Dominika L 
Published: June 2016

SummaryBackgroundHyaluronic acid is a widely available, biocompatible, polysaccharide with distinguishing physiochemical properties which inspire its application throughout several fields of medicine.ObjectiveWe aim to investigate the application of hyaluronic acid and its effectiveness throughout several fields of medicine, including several therapies administered and prescribed by general health practitioners.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review on randomized controlled trials about the physiochemical properties of hyaluronic acid and its application through primary care. Studies included in this review were peer reviewed and met our inclusion criteria.FindingsFactors were clustered into the following: uses throughout several fields of medicine, physiochemical properties, bioavailability, tolerance, effectiveness, and adverse effects. Therapies with hyaluronic acid provided long‐lasting, pain relieving, moisturizing, lubricating, and dermal filling effect. Tissue hydration, elasticity, and durability improved.ConclusionsAdjunct therapy with hyaluronic acid provides longer‐lasting therapeutic effect when compared to the use of glucocorticosteroids and NSAIDs in osteoarthritic chronic diseases, is well‐established in ophthalmology due to its lubricating properties for the corneal endothelium, and improves tissue hydration and cellular resistance to mechanical damage in aesthetic dermatology, and has marginal adverse effects. Several trials indicated its role in tumor markers, liver diseases, and in pharmaceuticals, but further research would be necessary to draw conclusive results in those fields.
The importance of a two‐step impression procedure for complete denture fabrication: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Regis R. R. , Alves C. C. S. , Rocha S. S. M. , Negreiros W. A. , Freitas‐Pontes K. M. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryThe literature has questioned the real need for some clinical and laboratory procedures considered essential for achieving better results for complete denture fabrication. The aim of this study was to review the current literature concerning the relevance of a two‐step impression procedure to achieve better clinical results in fabricating conventional complete dentures. Through an electronic search strategy of the PubMed/MEDLINE database, randomised controlled clinical trials which compared complete denture fabrication in adults in which one or two steps of impressions occurred were identified. The selections were made by three independent reviewers. Among the 540 titles initially identified, four studies (seven published papers) reporting on 257 patients evaluating aspects such as oral health‐related quality of life, patient satisfaction with dentures in use, masticatory performance and chewing ability, denture quality, direct and indirect costs were considered eligible. The quality of included studies was assessed according to the Cochrane guidelines. The clinical studies considered for this review suggest that a two‐step impression procedure may not be mandatory for the success of conventional complete denture fabrication regarding a variety of clinical aspects of denture quality and patients’ perceptions of the treatment.
Vitamin E for the treatment of E‐antigen‐positive chronic hepatitis B in paediatric patients: results of a randomized phase 2 controlled study
Authors: Fiorino Sirio , Loggi Elisabetta , Verucchi Gabriella , Comparcola Donatella , Vukotic Ranka , Pavoni Michele , Grandini Elena , Cursaro Carmela , Maselli Silvia , Bacchi Reggiani Maria L. , Puggioli Cristina , Badia Lorenzo , Galli Silvia , Viale Pierluigi , Bernardi Mauro , Andreone Pietro 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackground & AimsThe treatment of chronic hepatitis B infection (CHB) in children is still an area of great uncertainty. Vitamin E is an immunostimulating/antioxidant compound proven to be safe and effective for the treatment of adult CHB. The aim of this phase 2 controlled study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of vitamin E for the treatment of paediatric HBeAg‐positive CHB.MethodsForty‐six children were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive vitamin E at a dose of 15 mg/kg/day (in galenic preparation) or no treatment for 12 months and were monitored for the subsequent 12 months. Clinical, biochemical, haematological and serovirological evaluations were carried out every 3 months.ResultsNo significant side effects were associated with the vitamin E treatment. At the end of the study, anti‐HBe seroconversion was obtained in 7 of 23 (30.4%) of vitamin E‐treated versus 1 of 23 (4.3%) of the control patients (P = 0.05), while a virological response (≥2 log decrease in HBV‐DNA from baseline) was observed in 9 of 23 (39.1%) vs. 2 of 23 (8.7%) respectively (P = 0.035).ConclusionsVitamin E administration for the treatment of paediatric CHB at the tested dosage has no significant side effects and may induce anti‐HBe seroconversion. Vitamin E could represent a tool for the treatment of paediatric CHB.
Diphosphates at the 5′ end of the positive strand of yeast L‐A double‐stranded RNA virus as a molecular self‐identity tag
Authors: Fujimura Tsutomu , Esteban Rosa 
Published: June 2016

SummaryThe 5′end of RNA conveys important information on self‐identity. In mammalian cells, double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) with 5′di‐ or triphosphates generated during virus infection is recognized as foreign and elicits the host innate immune response. Here, we analyze the 5′ ends of the dsRNA genome of the yeast L‐A virus. The positive strand has largely diphosphates with a minor amount of triphosphates, while the negative strand has only diphosphates. Although the virus can produce capped transcripts by cap snatching, neither strand carried a cap structure, suggesting that only non‐capped transcripts serve as genomic RNA for encapsidation. We also found that the 5′ diphosphates of the positive but not the negative strand within the dsRNA genome are crucial for transcription in vitro. Furthermore, the presence of a cap structure in the dsRNA abrogated its template activity. Given that the 5′ diphosphates of the transcripts are also essential for cap acquisition and that host cytosolic RNAs (mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA) are uniformly devoid of 5′ pp‐structures, the L‐A virus takes advantage of its 5′ terminal diphosphates, using them as a self‐identity tag to propagate in the host cytoplasm.
Clinical evidence for caspofungin monotherapy in the first‐line and salvage therapy of invasive Aspergillus infections
Authors: Heinz Werner J. , Buchheidt Dieter , Ullmann Andrew J. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryIn 2001, caspofungin received market authorisation by the FDA and EMA and is globally licensed for several indications, including candidiasis, empirical antifungal therapy in patients with neutropenic fever of unknown origin and treatment of invasive aspergillosis in patients refractory to or intolerant of amphotericin B, lipid formulations of amphotericin B or itraconazole. Despite the lack of phase III data in first‐line treatment of invasive aspergillosis, increasing evidence supports the use of first‐line therapy. Here, we analyse the evidence of therapeutic activity, represented by favourable response rates, of caspofungin for invasive aspergillosis. A systematic literature search was conducted to identify international presentations and papers reporting monotherapy with caspofungin. Efficacy data are summarised separately for first‐line and salvage therapy. Thirty‐one papers and published abstracts reported caspofungin therapy for aspergillosis. Fifteen full papers and two abstracts fulfilled the criteria of reporting significant outcome data for caspofungin monotherapy for invasive aspergillosis. Consistent with other analyses and the known safety profile, few adverse events and associated terminations of caspofungin medication have been reported. Although a randomised, comparative, prospective study using caspofungin in this indication is still lacking, growing evidence supports the efficacy of this echinocandin not only for salvage but also for first‐line therapy.
Therapeutic drug monitoring and safety of intravenous voriconazole formulated with sulfobutylether β‐cyclodextrin in haematological patients with renal impairment
Authors: Kim Si‐Hyun , Kwon Jae‐Cheol , Park Chulmin , Han Seunghoon , Yim Dong‐Seok , Choi Jae‐Ki , Cho Sung‐Yeon , Lee Hyo‐Jin , Park Sun Hee , Choi Su‐Mi , Choi Jung‐Hyun , Yoo Jin‐Hong , Lee Dong‐Gun , Lee Jong‐Wook 
Published: June 2016

SummaryBecause of concerns about accumulation of cyclodextrin, oral voriconazole is recommended for patients with renal impairment. However, intravenous voriconazole may occasionally be imperative in critically ill patients with life‐threatening invasive aspergillosis. We investigated the clinical effects of intravenous voriconazole formulated with sulfobutylether β‐cyclodextrin (SBECD) in patients with renal impairment. A prospective observational study was conducted on 25 adult patients with haematological malignancies who were treated with intravenous voriconazole for invasive aspergillosis. Among them, seven patients had a baseline creatinine clearance (CrCl) <50 ml min−1 (case). Although voriconazole trough concentrations were significantly higher in cases (5.84 mg l−1) than controls (2.28 mg l−1), the proportion of concentrations within the target range did not differ between two groups (4/7 and 12/18, respectively; P = 0.658). The frequency of severe adverse events in cases (3/7) was comparable to that of controls (4/18; P = 0.355). No patients showed significant deterioration in renal function after the voriconazole therapy even in patients with renal impairment. Although CrCl <50 ml min−1 was associated with higher voriconazole concentrations, its clinical impact remains unclear. SBECD‐formulated intravenous voriconazole did not lead to a higher incidence of severe adverse events including nephrotoxicity in haematological patients with CrCl <50 ml min−1.
Testing the committee approach to translating measures across cultures: Translating primary communication inventory from English to Japanese
Authors: Furukawa Ryoko , Driessnack Martha 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis paper presents the initial translation process and follow‐up psychometric evaluation of the Japanese version of the Primary Communication Inventory (J‐PCI). The J‐PCI was developed using the committee approach to translation and then used in a study exploring Japanese couples' communication satisfaction while separated during Satogaeri Bunben ‐ a Japanese perinatal tradition. The committee approach attends to cultural nuance and context and is especially useful when languages have dissimilar linguistic roots and cultures, such as Japanese and English. The translation process and evaluation included five steps; (i) selection of the original PCI for research; (ii) selection of translators; (iii) development of the J‐PCI using a committee approach; (iv) an initial small pilot study; and (v) a larger follow‐up study. The J‐PCI has good initial validity and reliability, although some nuances were observed in scoring.