bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time and Temperature Evolution of the Rigid Amorphous Fraction and Differently Constrained Amorphous Fractions in PLLA
Authors: Righetti Maria Cristina , Prevosto Daniele , Tombari Elpidio 
Published: July 2016

In semi‐crystalline polymers, amorphous segments located in different regions and distance from the crystalline domains can exhibit different dynamics. In poly(l‐lactic acid) (PLLA), the existence of (i) two distinct mobile amorphous fractions (a completely mobile amorphous fraction and a slightly constrained mobile amorphous fraction), which vitrify/devitrify in the Tg region, and (ii) a rigid amorphous fraction, which vitrifies/devitrifies at temperatures higher than Tg, has been reported in the literature. The percentage of the three different amorphous fractions, characterized by different segmental mobility, is generally calculated at Tg. In the present study, for the first time, the time and temperature evolution of all the amorphous fractions of PLLA are measured in parallel with the crystalline phase (i) during crystallization at two different temperatures, and (ii) upon the successive cooling step down to room temperature. The kinetics of vitrification/devitrification of the different amorphous fractions in diverse conditions of crystallization and solidification has been determined during the entire thermal history of the material. Rigid amorphous fraction is found to develop not only during crystallization but also upon cooling, after completion of crystallization.
image
Long‐term effects of rasagiline and the natural history of treated Parkinson's disease
Authors: Rascol Olivier , Hauser Robert A. , Stocchi Fabrizio , Fitzer‐Attas Cheryl J. , Sidi Yulia , Abler Victor , Olanow C. Warren ,   for the AFU Investigators
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe Attenuation of Disease progression with Azilect GIven Once‐daily (ADAGIO) delayed‐start study demonstrated a benefit of early‐start treatment with rasagiline 1 mg/day versus delayed‐start treatment in PD. This follow‐up study aimed to assess whether these benefits persist and the clinical progression rate during long‐term naturalistic treatment.MethodsThe ADAGIO Follow‐Up study was initiated approximately 26 months after completion of the ADAGIO study. Patients were followed for 3 years and were treated in an open‐label manner with rasagiline 1 mg/day and any other PD treatment that was deemed appropriate. Changes from follow‐up baseline to study end in UPDRS scores, and the emergence of clinical milestones (including unsteady gait and/or balance impairment, falls, freezing of gait, and cognitive decline) were assessed.ResultsThe study enrolled 683 patients (58% of the full ADAGIO cohort and 72% of ADAGIO completers). At baseline, mean time from diagnosis was 46.9 months and UPDRS total score was 25.6 units. There were no significant differences in UPDRS total or subscale scores or time to any milestone between patients who were in the original ADAGIO early‐start group versus those in the delayed‐start group. At study end, patients (total cohort) had worsened by a mean ± standard deviation of 6.0 ± 11.6 UPDRS total units, 3.3 ± 8.6 UPDRS motor units and 2.0 ± 4.0 UPDRS activities of daily living (ADL) units. Overall, 43.6% of patients had onset of unsteady gait/balance impairment, 35.7% had fallen, 26.2% had freezing of gait, and 33.1% had cognitive decline.ConclusionsThe ADAGIO Follow‐Up study failed to demonstrate long‐term benefits of early‐start rasagiline treatment in the prior ADAGIO study. Clinically important milestones occurred in a substantial proportion of patients. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Multiple sign‐changing solutions for a class of quasilinear elliptic equations
Authors: He Xiumei , Wu Xian 
Published: July 2016

In this paper, we study the following quasilinear Schrödinger equations:

urn:x-wiley:mma:media:mma4066:mma4066-math-0001
where Ω is a bounded smooth domain of
,
. Under some suitable conditions, we prove that this equation has three solutions of mountain pass type: one positive, one negative, and sign‐changing. Furthermore, if g is odd with respect to its second variable, this problem has infinitely many sign‐changing solutions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Keeping stem cells under control: New insights into the mechanisms that limit niche‐stem cell signaling within the reproductive system
Authors: Inaba Mayu , Yamashita Yukiko M. , Buszczak Michael 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYAdult stem cells reside in specialized microenvironments, called niches, that maintain stem cells in an undifferentiated and self‐renewing state. Defining and understanding the mechanisms that restrict niche signaling exclusively to stem cells is crucial to determine how stem cells undergo self‐renewal while their progeny, often located just one cell diameter away from the niche, differentiate. Despite extensive studies on the signaling pathways that operate within stem cells and their niches, how this segregation occurs remains elusive. Here we review recent progress on the characterization of niche‐stem cell interactions, with a focus on emerging mechanisms that spatially restrict niche signaling. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 83: 675–683, 2016 © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sensitive Interviewing in Qualitative Research
Authors: Dempsey Laura , Dowling Maura , Larkin Philip , Murphy Kathy 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn this paper we focus on important considerations when planning and conducting qualitative interviews on sensitive topics. Drawing on experiences of conducting interviews with dementia caregivers, a framework of essential elements in qualitative interviewing was developed to emphasize study participants’ needs while also providing guidance for researchers. Starting with a definition of sensitive research, the framework includes preparing for interviews, interacting with gatekeepers of vulnerable groups, planning for interview timing, and location, building relationships and conducting therapeutic interactions, protecting ethically vulnerable participants, and planning for disengagement. This framework has the potential to improve the effectiveness of sensitive interviewing with vulnerable groups. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dermatophagoides farinae allergen Der f 9: Cloning, expression, purification, characterization and IgE‐binding in children with atopic asthma
Authors: Cui Yubao , Teng Feixiang , Yu LiLi , Zhou Ying , Zhang Chengbo , Yang Li 
Published: July 2016

SummaryBackground: The house dust mite species Dermatophagoides farinae releases allergens that cause allergies and asthma worldwide. This study sought to clone and express the full‐length cDNA encoding the group 9 allergen of D. farinae (Der f 9). Methods: The published sequence of Der f 9 was used to design primers for RT‐PCR and RACE to obtain the full‐length cDNA encoding Der f 9. After removal of signal peptide sequence, Der f 9 was then sub‐cloned into plasmid pET‐28b (+), and the plasmid was transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells for expression. The recombinant protein was purified by Nickel affinity chromatography, identified by SDS–PAGE, Western blotting, dot blotting, and MALDI‐TOF, and tested by ELISA for IgE reactivity with sera from children with asthma. Bioinformatics analyses were used to identify features of Der f 9. Results: By RT‐PCR, 3′‐RACE, and 5′‐RACE, the full‐length sequence of Der f 9 was generated, which was confirmed by nucleotide sequencing. The mature Der f 9 was expressed successfully in E. coli, which was identified by SDS–PAGE. The recombinant allergen was purified by chromatography and confirmed by SDS–PAGE, Western blotting, dot blotting, and MALDI‐TOF. Sera from 56.7% (17/30) of mite‐allergic patients reacted with the purified recombinant Der f 9. Conclusions: The successful production of recombinant Der f 9 protein revealed the importance of Der f 9 in mite allergy, and provides a foundation for further study of this allergen in diagnosis and treatment of symptoms. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017;52:282–292. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gas phase electronic structure of the 3d metal monoacetylides (MCCH, M = Sc .. Zn)
Authors: Dickerson Shelby D. , DeYonker Nathan J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe physical properties of gas phase metal monoacetylide (MCCH, where M = Sc–Zn) molecules have been evaluated with coupled cluster theory and multireference configuration interaction. Metal monoacetylides are isovalent to well‐studied metal monocyanides (MCN) and metal monoisocyanides (MNC), which suggests the MCCH series will have similar electronic structure. Some of the MCCH molecules, such as ScCCH, FeCCH, and CoCCH share a trait with their isoelectronic MCN/MNC counterparts: profound multireference character and low‐lying excited electronic states. Also like the MCN/MNC molecules, the MCCH species have rather large ligand dissociation energies. Due to the prevalence of CnH polyyne molecules discovered in the interstellar medium, members of the MCCH series likely exist as relevant astrochemicals and could be involved in prebiotic reactions.
Context‐aware Android applications through transportation mode detection techniques
Authors: Bedogni Luca , Di Felice Marco , Bononi Luciano 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we study the problem of how to detect the current transportation mode of the user from the smartphone sensors data, because this issue is considered crucial for the deployment of a multitude of mobility‐aware systems, ranging from trace collectors to health monitoring and urban sensing systems. Although some feasibility studies have been performed in the literature, most of the proposed systems rely on the utilization of the GPS and on computational expensive algorithms that do not take into account the limited resources of mobile phones. On the opposite, this paper focuses on the design and implementation of a feasible and efficient detection system that takes into account both the issues of accuracy of classification and of energy consumption. To this purpose, we propose the utilization of embedded sensor data (accelerometer/gyroscope) with a novel meta‐classifier based on a cascading technique, and we show that our combined approach can provide similar performance than a GPS‐based classifier, but introducing also the possibility to control the computational load based on requested confidence. We describe the implementation of the proposed system into an Android framework that can be leveraged by third‐part mobile applications to access context‐aware information in a transparent way. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, Structures, and Properties of Four Novel Coordination Compounds based on a Flexible Tetrakis(imidazol‐1‐ylmethyl)methane Ligand
Authors: Ma Yu‐Lu , Wang Quan , Wang Yu‐Na , Wang Kai‐Min , Zhou Jie , Du Lin , Zhao Qi‐Hua 
Published: July 2016

AbstractFour coordination polymers, namely, [Zn2(TIYM)(2,6‐PYDC)2]n·n(CH3OH)·3n(H2O) (1), [Cu(TIYM)(2,6‐PYDC)]n·3n(H2O) (2), [Co(TIYM)(2,6‐PYDC)]n·n(CH3OH)·3n(H2O) (3), and [Cd2(TIYM)(2,6‐PYDC)2(H2O)]n·n(H2O) (4) with the flexible N‐containing ligand [tetrakis(imidazol‐1‐ylmethyl)methane (TIYM)] and the N‐containing dicarboxylic acid [2,6‐pyridinedicarboxylic acid (2,6‐PYDC)] were prepared. Compounds 1–4 show various structures because of different N–Ccenter–N angles (θ) of TIYM ligands and changing coordination modes of 2,6‐PYDC. Compounds 1, 2, and 3 display a similar 1D ladder‐like chain, whereas 4 gives a 1D quad‐core lifting platform shaped belt. The structural diversities in 1–4 suggest that the multiple coordination modes or the different freely twist angles of ligands and the presence of different metal atoms play important roles in the resulting structures of the coordination polymers. Furthermore, the solid‐state luminescence properties of 1 and 4, and the magnetic properties of 3 were investigated.
Twelve-Month Efficacy and Safety of Low-Intensity Shockwave Therapy for Erectile Dysfunction in Patients Who Do Not Respond to Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitors
Authors: Bechara Amado , Casabé Adolfo , De Bonis Walter , Ciciclia Pablo Gomez 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Introduction
Low-intensity shockwave therapy (LISWT) has recently emerged as a promising method in the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED).

Aim
To assess the long-term results of the effectiveness and safety of LISWT in patients with ED who are non-responders to phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor (PDE5i) treatment.

Methods
This open-label, longitudinal, and observational study investigated an uncontrolled population of 50 consecutive patients whose ED was unresponsive to PDE5i treatment. Patients were treated with a four-session LISWT protocol. During active treatment and follow-up, all patients remained on their regular high on-demand or once-daily PDE5i dosing schedules.

Main Outcome Measures
Effectiveness was assessed according to the International Index of Erectile Function erectile function domain, questions 2 and 3 of the Sexual Encounter Profile, Erection Hardness Scale, and Global Assessment Question scores at baseline and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after treatment. Patients were considered responders whenever they showed improvement in erection parameters in all four assessments and responded positively to the Global Assessment Question. Adverse events were recorded. Statistical variables were applied and findings were considered statistically significant at a P value less than &lt; .05.

Results
Eighty percent (mean age = 64.8 years) completed the 12-month follow-up. Positive response rates were 60% of available subjects at the end of the study and 48% of the intent-to-treat population. After the 12-month follow-up, 91.7% of responders maintained their responses. No patient reported treatment-related adverse events.

Conclusion
LISWT in patients with ED unresponsive to PDE5i treatment was effective and safe in 60% of patients treated. The efficacy response was maintained for 12 months in most patients.
Impairment of synaptic development in the hippocampus of diabetic Goto‐Kakizaki rats
Authors: Matsunaga Yuki , Negishi Takayuki , Hatakeyama Akinori , Kawagoe Yuta , Sawano Erika , Tashiro Tomoko 
Published: July 2016

AbstractInsulin receptor signaling has been shown to regulate essential aspects of CNS function such as synaptic plasticity and neuronal survival. To elucidate its roles during CNS development in vivo, we examined the synaptic and cognitive development of the spontaneously diabetic Goto‐Kakizaki (GK) rats in the present study. GK rats are non‐obese models of type 2 diabetes established by selective inbreeding of Wistar rats based on impaired glucose tolerance. Though they start exhibiting only moderate hyperglycemia without changes in plasma insulin levels from 3 weeks postnatally, behavioral alterations in the open‐field as well as significant impairments in memory retention compared with Wistar rats were observed at 10 weeks and were worsened at 20 weeks. Alterations in insulin receptor signaling and signs of insulin resistance were detected in the GK rat hippocampus at 3 weeks, as early as in other insulin‐responsive peripheral tissues. Significant reduction of an excitatory postsynaptic scaffold protein, PSD95, was found at 5 w and later in the hippocampus of GK rats due to the absence of a two‐fold developmental increase of this protein observed in Wistar control rats between 3 and 20 w. In the GK rat hippocampus, NR2A which is a NMDA receptor subunit selectively anchored to PSD95 was also reduced. In contrast, both NR2 B and its anchoring protein, SAP102, showed similar developmental profiles in Wistar and GK rats with expression peaks at 2 and 3 w. The results suggest that early alterations in insulin receptor signaling in the GK rat hippocampus may affect cognitive performance by suppressing synaptic maturation.
Sympathy for Whom? Smith's Reply to Hume
Authors: MULLER HANS D. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT:This essay presents a critical examination and development of an exchange between Adam Smith and David Hume on the nature of sympathy. I identify four objections to Smith's account in a letter from Hume and then argue that Smith's system has the resources to reply to all of them. As such, this essay shows that Smith's system provides a more robust foundation for a sentiment-based system of ethics than has been traditionally recognized.
How Valuable Could a Material Object Be?
Authors: BAILEY ANDREW M. , RASMUSSEN JOSHUA 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT:Arguments for substance dualism—the theory that we are at least partly nonmaterial beings—abound. Many such arguments begin with our capacity to engage in conscious thought and end with dualism. Such are familiar. But there is another route to dualism. It begins with our moral value and ends with dualism. In this article, we develop and assess the prospects for this new style of argument. We show that, though one version of the argument does not succeed, there may yet be a deep problem for standard physical accounts of our nature.
Air–to–ground weapon aiming — a synopsis and a look to the future
Authors: Edwards K. L. , Lloyd S. J. , Ralph J. F. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryA review of air–to–ground weapon aiming is given, with emphasis placed on the use of the head–up display (HUD), the main cockpit instrument used for accurate weapon aiming over the last 35 years. Nevertheless, the HUD is only of use for the aiming of forward–firing weapons. More advanced weapons have an off–axis capability and their aiming is greatly facilitated by the use of a helmet-mounted sight (HMS) or helmet–mounted display (HMD). The surface–to–air threat and the rules of engagement, particularly in operations other than war, place high demands on the aircrew and the weapon aiming system, both to stand off from the target and to have a high degree of confidence that it is the target. The requirement to perform an accurate in–flight transfer alignment of the weapon places further demands upon the aircrew. Timely and accurate target data, digitally received, plus an on–board targeting system which can automatically search for and recognise a target, are of great utility in the final stages prior to weapon release. The Defence Evaluation and Research Agency is performing research in these areas.
Trajectory tracking for a helicopter model
Authors: Avanzini G. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn this paper an algorithm for the trajectory tracking of a three-dimensional trajectory, assigned as a function of time, is presented. The proposed control system is suitable for application on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or for aircraft that require accurate path tracking, as in the case of rotorcraft in nap-of-the-earth (NOE) flight conditions. The control system logic features (i) an external loop based on a simple guidance scheme and a two-time-scale inverse simulation algorithm, and (ii) an inner loop, based on a linear-quadratic (LQ) full-state-feedback controller. In this way the control action is split into two contributions, i.e. a feedforward command, in order to follow the trajectory generated by the guidance scheme, and a feedback increment, for compensating external disturbances and model uncertainties. A rotorcraft model is used to demonstrate the algorithm capability in a NOE–like flight task. System robustness is analysed and control system performance are discussed in terms of the error between vehicle state and desired trajectory at a given time. Simulation of a representative manoeuvre shows that the feedforward estimate of the control action is accurate and only minor compensation is required from the LQ tracker. The algorithm is suitable for a number of applications, as (i) no simplifying assumptions are postulated for the model, (ii) there are no restrictions on the flight condition, and (iii) the computational time should allow for real–time implementation.
Life extending controller design for reusable rocket engines
Authors: Ray A. , Holmes M. S. , Lorenzo C. F. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe goal of life extending control (LEC) is to enhance structural durability of complex mechanical systems, such as aircraft, spacecraft, and energy conversion devices, without incurring any significant loss of performance. This paper presents a concept of robust life-extending controller design for reusable rocket engines, similar to the Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME), via damage mitigation in both fuel and oxidiser turbines while achieving the required performance for transient responses of the main combustion chamber pressure and the oxidant/fuel mixture ratio. The design procedure makes use of a combination of linear robust control synthesis and nonlinear optimisation techniques. Results of simulation experiments on the model of a reusable rocket engine are presented to this effect.
Simulating the evacuation of a commercial airliner
Authors: Robbins C. R. , McKee S. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe discrete element method is modified so as to simulate the movement of passengers evacuating an aircraft. The results display reasonable agreement with timed trials. However, by focusing on the 1985 Manchester air disaster where only some of the exits could be opened and only then a considerable time after landing, it is argued that the certification procedures are inadequate.
The application of Pareto methods to multidisciplinary design optimisation
Authors: Harris J. C. , Fenwick S. V. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMultidisciplinary design optimisation (MDO) provides a framework for the timely exchange of data necessary to support the highly integrated tasks typical of aerospace design. This will help reduce the duration of the design cycle and improve efficiency of the final product. Well implemented MDO capabilities will play an increasingly important role in DERA's activities to support the definition of future system requirements and the assessment of new equipment.The framework in which an MDO approach is realised must be flexible and accommodate the diverse range of individual discipline-based tools that contribute to the overall process. This paper describes DERA's activity within the EC Framework IV ‘FRONTIER’ project to investigate the use of modern graphical user interface (GUI) methods and genetic algorithms (GAs) for the combined aerodynamic and structural design of a modern combat aircraft. The application of the techniques to identify a Pareto frontier in high level design objective space that represents the boundary beyond which improvements cannot be made without sacrificing one or other aspect of overall aircraft performance is described. The scope of the methods as an aid during the definition of system requirements and for the evaluation of trade-offs during the concept assessment stage of a project is discussed.
QUACC, a novel method for predicting unsteady flows — including propellers and store release
Authors: Hunt D. L. , Childs M. , Maina M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAerospace designers are increasingly interested in predicting unsteady flowfields such as those associated with store release, rotating propellers etc. However, the cost of performing fully unsteady calculations is usually prohibitively expensive. In order to address this problem for unsteady flows driven by a moving surface, a novel method is presented which calculates the time derivates as an analytic function of the instantaneous flowfield. This allows an accurate solution of the unsteady flow equations to be calculated using a quasi-unsteady approach. The validity of this approach is demonstrated for a store release and a propeller test case. Possible extensions to this method for more complex unsteady flows are presented.