bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BRAIN-SKETCHING TECHNIQUE FOR DESCRIPTIVE TEXT IN IMPROVE WRITING SKILL AT SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL OF UNISMUH MAKASSAR
Authors: Akib Erwin 
Published: December 2017

The research aimed at improving the ability of the Eleventh-grade students of Senior High School of Unismuh Makassar in writing descriptive text using the Brain-Sketching Technique. For the purpose, it employed Classroom Action Research in which the researcher worked in planning, implementation, observation, and reflection on the data collected from the teaching and learning process and the students' writing products. The method of this research is Classroom Action Research that consists of two cycles. One cycle consisted of four meetings. It means that there were eight meetings for two cycles. This classroom action research was done in Senior High School of Unismuh Makassar for English subject. As subjects in this research are class XI IPA 2 in 2012-2013 academic years which consists of 26 students. Those consisted of 14 women and 12 men. The instruments used were writing test and observation sheet. The study was conducted in a diagnostic test, cycle one and cycles two, each cycle was carried out in four meetings. The objective of the research was intended to know the improvement of the students’ writing ability after using Brain-Sketching Technique at the Eleventh-grade students of Senior High School of Unismuh Makassar. The findings indicated that using Brain-Sketching Technique could improve the students' ability in writing descriptive text. Before giving implementation the researcher gave the students diagnostic test and the mean score of diagnostic test was 63.90 as classification “fairly good”. Then the researcher conducted the first cycle and the second cycles, and the result showed that the students' scores in the first and second cycles improved. In the first cycle, the mean score of students was 67.22 as classification “fairly good”, meanwhile the mean score of students in the second cycle was 71.41 as classification “good. It means that the improvement of students’ writing ability from D-Test to cycle I was 5.21%, the cycle I to cycle II was 6.22%, D- test to cycle II was 11.73%. Keywords: Brain-Sketching, Technique, Descriptive, Text, Writing.
THE STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN UNDERSTANDING PRAGMATICS MEANING OF WRITTEN UTTERANCES
Authors: Syam Nunung Anugerawati 
Published: December 2017

This research was attempted to find out the achievement of the sixth-semester students of English Department of Muhammadiyah University of Makassar especially Academic Year 2008 in understanding pragmatics meaning of the written utterances. This study employed a Descriptive research method. The sample of this study consisted of 40 students of the Sixth Semester Students of English Department Muhammadiyah University of Makassar which was selected by using simple random sampling. The instrument of the study was an objective test in the form of the checklist and identifying the locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary acts of written utterances which consisted of 35 items. The test was administered to know the students’ achievement in understanding the pragmatic meaning of written utterances. The data obtained from the test was analyzed quantitatively. The mean score obtained from the test was 5, 87 for the locutionary act, 6, 12 for the illocutionary act, and 6, 09 for the perlocutionary act. The data showed that the students’ achievement in understanding the pragmatics meaning of written utterances especially the three layers of speech acts was fair. Key Words: Pragmatics, locutionary act, illocutionary act, perlocutionary act.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF INFORMATION GAP ACTIVITIES TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ SPEAKING AND READING SKILLS
Authors: Abdul Nurdevi Bte 
Published: December 2017

This study was conducted to know whether or not the use of Information Gap Activities improves students’ accuracy in speaking skill that covers three elements of accuracy; vocabulary, pronunciation, and grammar; and to know whether or not the use of Information Gap Activities improves students’ literal comprehension in reading skill. This research applied a quasi-experimental design; the nonequivalent control group design. It used two groups; experimental groups and control group. The data obtained from the test was analyzed quantitatively and then its’ result was compared with t-table to know whether they were significantly different or not. The data showed students’ mean score of accuracy in speaking skill and literal comprehension in reading skill improved after teaching by using Information Gap Activities. In experimental class, the students’ accuracy of pretest was 1.55 and improved to be 3.06 in posttest, students’ literal comprehension of protest was 0.82 and posttest was 3.21. In control class, the students’ accuracy was 1.90 for pretest and 2.32 for posttest; students’ literal comprehension was 1.63 for pretest 2.27. These findings indicate that the mean score of pre-test was greater than pretest for that both class. However, the students’ mean score in experimental was greater than control class where accuracy (3.06>2.37) and literal comprehension (3.21>2.27). It meant that implementing Information Gap activities were effective to improve the students’ speaking and reading skills.Keywords: Speaking and reading skills, accuracy, literal comprehension, Information Gap Activities
Intervención estatal para diseñar un sistema de gestión ambiental en la administración pública
Authors: Cisneros Claudio 
Published: December 2017

Esta investigación tiene la finalidad de generar la aplicación de un Sistema de Gestión Ambiental -SGA- dentro de la administración pública en la República de Paraguay y que la misma cumpla con las normas internacionales ISO 14001:2004, en donde las instituciones que intervienen cuentan con la responsabilidad de garantizar el desarrollo sostenible aplicando estrategias de crecimiento en lo que concierne a la cultura del medio ambiente. Se trabajó en base a documentos relacionados al sector público de Paraguay más precisamente en las áreas relacionadas al medio ambiente con el objetivo de sustentar lo planteado, con lo cual se pudo determinar aspectos en temas ambientales que sin duda van a impactar en el medio y su entorno, se analizó la política ambiental actual y es necesario que dicha administración pública pueda contar con un SGA y que el mismo también pueda ser certificado con las normativas vigentes reguladas para tal fin. Con el avance de la investigación surge que quienes integran las distintas instituciones públicas están en constante evolución y con un compromiso en lo relacionado a los temas ambientales por lo que queda clara que implementar los SGA es de suma importancia no solo para la administración pública sino para la población en general.
L’accommodation dans le débat politique britannique Question Time. Quelle modélisation pour quelles stratégies ?
Authors: Rouveyrol Laurent 
Published: December 2017

Cet article se propose d’analyser la notion d’accommodation dans un corpus de débats télévisés britanniques : Question Time. L’accommodation, concept prenant ses origines en sociolinguistique et en psychologie, sera considérée comme une notion protéiforme. L’ambition de la présente étude est double, dans un premier temps, nous proposerons un cadre d’analyse à partir des travaux de Vion (1992, 1995, 1998), portant sur les processus interactionnels. S’appuyant sur la notion de rapport de place, ce cadre conceptuel permet d’englober des phénomènes discursifs et langagiers larges, aussi bien d’ordre macro-discursif que micro-discursif, tels que les « mises en scènes énonciatives », permettant d’analyser comment les différents locuteurs s’impliquent dans leur discours. Dans un deuxième temps, nous explorerons les manifestations de l’accommodation dans le débat Question Time, en partant du principe qu’elles sont intrinsèquement liées au genre. Un débat télévisé politique est par nature une interaction complexe intégrant deux dimensions : un plan interne (l’interaction dans le studio) et un plan externe (l’interaction destinée au téléspectateur). Nous analyserons plusieurs exemples d’accommodation notamment en relation avec la notion d’opposition et avec les stratégies de planification discursive. Le débat est un genre contradictoire dans lequel un degré d’opposition est attendu, ce qui transforme une manifestation d’accommodation socio-culturellement divergente en une stratégie convergente. Nous défendrons l’idée que l’opposition est un phénomène énonciatif catégoriel mais également graduel s’apparentant à un continuum. Les stratégies de planification seront également explorées et nous défendrons l’hypothèse que la structure en double pyramide inversée est un cas d’accommodation convergente induite par le genre débat.
Converging accommodation in the Black Country Dialect
Authors: Higgs Lyndon 
Published: December 2017

Cet article illustre et analyse diverses formes d’accommodation grammaticale dans un corpus de conversations informelles entre 22 locuteurs du dialecte du Black Country (BC) et 3 locuteurs de Standard English (SE). La région appelée « The Black Country » se situe au centre de l’Angleterre, à l’ouest de Birmingham. La variété de l’anglais parlé dans cette région contient de nombreuses formes grammaticales non standard, en particulier dans la réalisation des auxiliaires et des pronoms. Nous commençons par une analyse des techniques d’accommodation convergente volontaire utilisées par l’intervieweur (qui d’habitude parle le SE) afin de réduire les effets du paradoxe de l’observateur. Une analyse des données montre que cette accommodation vers le dialecte n’est ni complète ni totalement authentique, mais que néanmoins elle joue un rôle important dans la réduction des effets dudit paradoxe. Trudgill (1992 : 7) constate que l’accommodation se produit d’habitude lors d’une interaction directe entre deux ou plusieurs personnes. Cependant, ce corpus contient des exemples d’accommodation plus complexe, notamment dans le cas du discours rapporté. Nous analysons un exemple où la personne X rapporte à la personne Y une conversation que X a eue avec la personne Z, dans laquelle Z rapporte à X une discussion qu’elle a eue avec une autre personne. L’accommodation vers des formes dialectales (ou vers le SE) sert à clarifier les différentes situations d’énonciation, ainsi que les relations entre les locuteurs. Enfin, nous étudions un exemple de ce qui semblait être, à première vue, une accommodation divergente, phénomène beaucoup plus rare. Un locuteur du dialecte utilise une forme SE (le pronom sujet 3e personne du singulier, she) dans un contexte où la variante dialectale her est attendue. Une analyse plus approfondie, cependant, montre qu’il ne s’agit pas d’une accommodation divergente, mais que le choix du pronom dépend principalement de la relation que le locuteur entretient avec le référent du pronom en question.
Computational Contact Mechanics with the Finite Element Method
Authors: De Lorenzis L. , Wriggers Peter , Weißenfels C. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe finite element method (FEM) is a widely used numerical scheme to solve complex partial differential equations stemming from science and engineering. Contact mechanics is one of the application areas that has a huge impact on all areas of science. Here one can name the prediction of earthquakes, impact of waves and naval structures, car crash analysis, bearings, and tire‐road interactions among thousands of other applications. The aim of this contribution is to provide an overview on established and new formulations, discretization schemes, and algorithms that relate to contact mechanics in the context of FEMs.
Autonomous Motility of Polymer Films
Authors: Treml Benjamin E. , McKenzie Ruel N. , Buskohl Philip , Wang David , Kuhn Michael , Tan Loon‐Seng , Vaia Richard A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAdaptive soft materials exhibit a diverse set of behaviors including reconfiguration, actuation, and locomotion. These responses however, are typically optimized in isolation. Here, the interrelation between these behaviors is established through a state space framework, using Nylon 6 thin films in a humidity gradient as an experimental testbed. It is determined that the dynamic behaviors are a result of not only a response to but also an interaction with the applied stimulus, which can be tuned via control of the environment and film characteristics, including size, permeability, and coefficient of hygroscopic expansion to target a desired behavior such as multimodal locomotion. Using these insights, it is demonstrated that films simultaneously harvest energy and information from the environment to autonomously move down a stimulus gradient. Improved understanding of the coupling between an adaptive material and its environment aids the development of materials that integrate closed loop autonomous sensing, actuation, and locomotion.
Selectivity in the Aerobic Dearomatization of Phenols: Total Synthesis of Dehydronornuciferine by Chemo‐ and Regioselective Oxidation
Authors: Esguerra Kenneth Virgel N. , Lumb Jean‐Philip 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe describe a selective aerobic oxidation of meta‐biaryl phenols that enables rapid access to functionalized phenanthrenes. Aerobic oxidations attract interest due to their efficiency, but remain underutilized in complex molecule settings due to challenges of selectivity. We discuss these issues in the context of Cu catalysis, and highlight the advantages of confining oxygen activation and substrate oxidation to the catalyst's inner‐coordination sphere. This gives rise to predictable selectivity that we use for a concise synthesis of the aporphine dehydronornuciferine.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Heck‐Type Monofluoroacetation of Styrenes for Facile Synthesis of Allylic Fluorides
Authors: Wang Zhen‐Yu , Wan Jia‐Hao , Wang Gao‐Yin , Jin Ruo‐Xing , Lan Quan , Wang Xi‐Sheng 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAn efficient nickel‐catalyzed Heck‐type reaction between styrenes and fluoroalkyl iodine has been developed. This novel transformation has demonstrated a broad substrate scope, mild reaction conditions and excellent E‐stereoselectivity. This efficient synthetic method has been applied to the late‐stage monofluoroacetation of biologically active molecules. Mechanistic investigations indicate that a monofluoroalkyl radical is involved in the catalytic cycle.
Peptide (Lys–Leu) and amino acids (Lys and Leu) supplementations improve physiological activity and fermentation performance of brewer's yeast during very high‐gravity (VHG) wort fermentation
Authors: Yang Huirong , Zong Xuyan , Cui Chun , Mu Lixia , Zhao Haifeng 
Published: December 2017

AbstractLys and Leu were generally considered as the key amino acids for brewer's yeast during beer brewing. In the present study, peptide Lys–Leu and a free amino acid (FAA) mixture of Lys and Leu (Lys + Leu) were supplemented in 24 °P wort to examine their effects on physiological activity and fermentation performance of brewer's yeast during very high‐gravity (VHG) wort fermentation. Results showed that although both peptide Lys–Leu and their FAA mixture supplementations could increase the growth and viability, intracellular trehalose and glycerol content, wort fermentability, and ethanol content for brewer's yeast during VHG wort fermentation, and peptide was better than their FAA mixture at promoting growth and fermentation for brewer's yeast when the same dose was kept. Moreover, peptide Lys–Leu supplementation significantly increased the assimilation of Asp, but decreased the assimilation of Gly, Ala, Val, (Cys)2, Ile, Leu, Tyr, Phe, Lys, Arg, and Pro. However, the FAA mixture supplementation only promoted the assimilation of Lys and Leu, while reduced the absorption of total amino acids to a greater extent. Thus, the peptide Lys–Leu was more effective than their FAA mixture on the improvement of physiological activity, fermentation performance, and nitrogen metabolism of brewer's yeast during VHG wort fermentation.
Some People Heed Advice Less than Others: Agency (but Not Communion) Predicts Advice Taking
Authors: Schultze Thomas , Gerlach Tanja M. , Rittich Jacob C. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAcross three studies (total N = 793), we investigated the link between two fundamental dimensions of personality, agency and communion, and advice taking in quantity estimation tasks. We complemented the analyses of the individual studies with meta‐analyses across all three studies in order to gain insight into the robustness of our core results. In line with our expectations, agency was associated with less advice taking, and this effect was mediated by individuals' perceptions of their own competence. Contrary to what we expected, we did not find consistent evidence that communion systematically relates to advice taking. Analyses of judges' initial accuracy further suggested that agentic judges' lower willingness to heed advice was justified by greater initial accuracy as compared with their less agentic peers. Our data, thus, provide evidence of individual differences in advice taking and shed some light on the question which individuals are more inclined to heed advice than others. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neurobiology of substance use in adolescents and potential therapeutic effects of exercise for prevention and treatment of substance use disorders
Authors: Nock Nora L. , Minnes Sonia , Alberts Jay L. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSubstance use (e.g., alcohol, marijuana, opioids, cocaine., etc,) use often initiates during adolescence, a critical period of physiological and social development marked by an increase in risk‐taking due, in part, to heightened motivation to obtain arousal from rewards. Substance use during adolescence has been associated with a greater risk of substance use disorders (SUD) in adulthood. Although use rates for most substances have remained relatively stable, the frequency of marijuana use and the perception that regular marijuana use is not harmful has increased in adolescents. Furthermore, the nonmedical use of opioids has increased, particularly in the South, Midwest, and rural low‐income communities. Substance use in adolescence has been associated with adverse structural and functional brain changes and, may exacerbate the natural “imbalance” between frontal/regulatory and cortical‐subcortical circuits, leading to further heightened impulsive and reward‐driven behaviors. Exercise increases growth and brain‐derived neurotrophic factors that stimulate endogenous dopaminergic systems that, in turn, enhance general plasticity, learning, and memory. Exercise may help to reinforce the “naïve” or underdeveloped connections between neurological reward and regulatory processes in adolescence from the “bottom up” and “offset” reward seeking from substances, while concomitantly improving cardiovascular health, as well as academic and social achievement. In this review, we provide an overview of the current state of substance use in adolescents and rationale for the utilization of exercise, particularly “assisted” exercise, which we have shown increases neural activity in cortical‐subcortical regions and may modulate brain dopamine levels during adolescence, a unique window of heightened reward sensitivity and neural plasticity, for the prevention and adjunctive treatment of SUD.
Actions of p‐synephrine on hepatic enzyme activities linked to carbohydrate metabolism and ATP levels in vivo and in the perfused rat liver
Authors: Maldonado Marcos Rodrigues , Bracht Lívia , de Sá‐Nakanishi Anacharis Babeto , Corrêa Rúbia Carvalho Gomes , Comar Jurandir Fernando , Peralta Rosane Marina , Bracht Adelar 
Published: December 2017

p‐Synephrine is one of the main active components of the fruit of Citrus aurantium (bitter orange). Extracts of the bitter orange and other preparations containing p‐synephrine have been used worldwide to promote weight loss and for sports performance. The purpose of the study was to measure the action of p‐synephrine on hepatic enzyme activities linked to carbohydrate and energy metabolism and the levels of adenine mononucleotides. Enzymes and adenine mononucleotides were measured in the isolated perfused rat liver and in vivo after oral administration of the drug (50 and 300 mg/kg) by using standard techniques. p‐Synephrine increased the activity of glycogen phosphorylase in vivo and in the perfused liver. It decreased, however, the activities of pyruvate kinase and pyruvate dehydrogenase also in vivo and in the perfused liver. p‐Synephrine increased the hepatic pools of adenosine diphosphate and adenosine triphosphate. Stimulation of glycogen phosphorylase is consistent with the reported increased glycogenolysis in the perfused liver and increased glycemia in rats. The decrease in the pyruvate dehydrogenase activity indicates that p‐synephrine is potentially capable of inhibiting the transformation of carbohydrates into lipids. The capability of increasing the adenosine triphosphate‐adenosine diphosphate pool indicates a beneficial effect of p‐synephrine on the cellular energetics.
Takotsubo syndrome‐associated ventricular standstill in a peripartum patient: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Lee Nelson , Lee Kevin Wade , D'Ambrosio Matthew Michael , Banta Joseph Vaughan , Voudouris Apostolos , Tsompanidis Antonios 
Published: December 2017

Key Clinical MessageTakotsubo syndrome is classically characterized by apical ballooning and left ventricle akinesis associated with an underlying catecholamine surge. In patients with suspected Takotsubo syndrome, clinicians should be vigilant for acute coronary syndrome and arrhythmias. Ventricular standstill with underlying Takotsubo syndrome should be managed with a dual‐chambered pacemaker to improve patient outcome.
Chronic aortic dissection with tricuspid regurgitation: report of a case
Authors: Takazawa Ippei , Ohki Shin‐ichi , Misawa Yoshio 
Published: December 2017

Key Clinical MessageDilatation of aortic root may distort the tricuspid annulus. We experienced a case of chronic aortic dissection presented with tricuspid regurgitation. Chest computed tomography revealed an enlarged ascending aorta displacing the right heart. The patient successfully underwent replacement of the aorta and tricuspid annuloplasty with a prosthetic annulus.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae‐associated Fuchs syndrome
Authors: Kheiri Babikir , Alhesan Nour Aljariri , Madala Seetharamprasad , Assasa Omar , Shen Meng , Dawood Thair 
Published: December 2017

Key Clinical MessageFuchs syndrome is a milder form of the Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) spectrum with only mucosal involvement which can be triggered by Mycoplasma pneumonia (MP) infection. Treatment should be directed toward supportive care including ocular and mucous membrane care, fluids and nutritional support, and pain control. In addition, antibiotic and immunomodulatory treatments are discussed for this entity.
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis following Influenza A pneumonia
Authors: Kheiri Babikir , Abu Sitta Emad , Salih Anas , Al Qasmi Mohammed , Bachuwa Ghassan 
Published: December 2017

Key Clinical MessageAcute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an autoimmune demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system and can present following influenza A infections as multifocal neurological deficits. ADEM remains a challenging diagnosis, and high clinical suspicious coupled with laboratory investigations and neuroimaging is required to exclude other primary and secondary demyelinating disorders.