bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethnic diversity in Chilean blood groups: A comprehensive analysis of genotypes, phenotypes, alleles and the immunogenic potential of antigens in northern, southern and central regions
Authors: Núñez Ahumada María Antonieta , Gonzalez Fernando Pontigo , Aros Carlos Arancibia , Canals Andrea , Soza Lilian Jara , Rodriguez Valeska , Vargas Catalina , Saa Edgardo , Castilho Lilian 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe available information on blood groups in the Chilean population is derived from studies on aboriginal cohorts and routine serological test results. The purpose of this study is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of genotypes, phenotypes and blood group alleles in donors from northern, central and southern Chile using molecular methods.Materials and MethodsOverall, 850 samples from donors in northern, central and southern Chile were genotyped. Allelic, genotypic and antigenic frequencies were calculated and compared among regions. Of these, 602 samples were analysed by haemagglutination, and discrepancies found between phenotypes and genotypes were investigated. The immunogenic potential of antigens was calculated by the Giblett equation, using the antigenic frequencies of donors from Santiago and the alloantibody frequencies of patients from the same region.ResultsAlleles of low prevalence, variant alleles and those responsible for the absence of high‐prevalence antigens were found. Significant differences were observed between the antigenic frequencies of the three regions. Discrepancies between serologic and molecular results were mostly attributed to the molecular background affecting antigen expression. In the calculation of the immunogenic potential of antigens, the highest value was attributed to the Dia antigen.ConclusionThese findings represent the first molecular characterization of blood group antigens in Chileans. Our results highlight the necessity of using molecular tools to explore the genotypes underlying variant phenotypes, low‐frequency antigens and antigens lacking specific antisera that cannot be detected by haemagglutination. Additionally, they emphasize the importance of understanding the distribution of blood groups among different populations.
Comparative genomics provides insights into the evolutionary history of the phylum Ciliophora (Eukaryota, Alveolata) and uncovers the adaptive evolution of anaerobic ciliate classes
Authors: Zhang Ying , Liang Fasheng , Fu Yu , Chi Yong , Song Wen , Warren Alan , Li Lifang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCiliophora are one of the most diverse phyla of unicellular eukaryotes. Members of this group are widely distributed and have been found in several environments including those that are anaerobic. However, the paucity of sufficient omics data for the major classes of the phylum Ciliophora, especially the anaerobic ciliate lineages, has been a serious impediment to research thus far. In this study, omics data were expanded to include representatives of 16 ciliate classes (excluding Cariacotrichea and Copemetopea) using single‐cell sequencing techniques. Using omics data of 57 ciliates and two apicomplexans, we conducted a comparative genomics study. Phylogenomic analysis based on 156 orthologous genes showed that: there are two superclades within the subphylum Intramacronucleata, i.e., Colpodea + Oligohymenophorea + Nassophorea + Plagiopylea + Prostomatea + Phyllopharyngea (CONThreeP), and Spirotrichea + Armophorea + Litostomatea + Odontostomatea + Muranotrichea + Parablepharismea (SALOMP); with the exception of Armophorea, all ciliate classes are monophyletic; neither Metopus nor Plagiopyla is monophyletic; Paraspathidium has a close affiliation with prostomateans. The results of the divergence time estimations indicated that: the radiation of Ciliophora occurred ca. 1067 million years ago (Mya); the SALOMP and CONThreeP lineages diverged from the intramacronucleatean common ancestor ca. 892 Mya and 851 Mya, respectively; the split between Muranotrichea and Parablepharismea occurred ca. 712 Mya; Odontostomatea are the youngest class, with a crown age estimated at ca. 19 Mya. In addition, we profiled stop codon usage and programmed ribosomal frameshifting (PRF) events. Our analyses revealed that: most of the species investigated use either TAA or TGA as the biased stop codon; stop codon usage in Paraspathidium sp. resembles that of Prostomatea; almost all ciliates included in the analyses have prevalent +1 and −1 PRF events. Finally, through GO enrichment analysis for group‐shared orthogroups of five anaerobic ciliate classes, we successfully identified the biological process and molecular function GO terms that were related to the adaptation of this particular group of ciliates to anaerobic environments. Together, these findings provide new insights into the evolutionary history of the Ciliophora and deepen our understanding of the adaptation of anaerobic ciliate groups to anaerobic environments from an evolutionary perspective.
Dynamical diophantine approximation exponents in characteristic p$p$
Authors: Hindes Wade 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLet be a non‐isotrivial rational function in one‐variable with coefficients in and assume that is not a post‐critical point for . Then we prove that the diophantine approximation exponent of elements of are eventually bounded above by . To do this, we mix diophantine techniques in characteristic with the adelic equidistribution of small points in Berkovich space. As an application, we deduce a form of Silverman's celebrated limit theorem in this setting. Namely, if we take any wandering point and write for some coprime polynomials , then we prove that
whenever 0 and are both not post‐critical points for . In characteristic , the Thue–Siegel–Dyson–Roth theorem is false, and so our proof requires different techniques than those used by Silverman.
Deconstructible abstract elementary classes of modules and categoricity
Authors: Šaroch Jan , Trlifaj Jan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe prove a version of Shelah's categoricity conjecture for arbitrary deconstructible classes of modules. Moreover, we show that if is a deconstructible class of modules that fits in an abstract elementary class such that (1) is closed under direct summands and (2) refines direct summands, then is closed under arbitrary direct limits. In the Appendix, we prove that the assumption (2) is not needed in some models of ZFC.
On Weil–Stark elements, I: Construction and general properties
Authors: Burns David , Macias Castillo Daniel , Seo Soogil 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe construct a canonical family of elements in the reduced exterior powers of unit groups of global fields and investigate their detailed arithmetic properties. We then show that these elements specialise to recover the classical theory of cyclotomic elements in real abelian fields and also have connections to the theory of non‐commutative Euler systems for over general number fields.
Model Order Determination for Modal Parameter Estimation: Application to a Composite Fan Stage
Authors: Jorajuria Corentin , Gibert Claude , Esteves Cécile , Thouverez Fabrice 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Experimental methods are necessary to quantify structural damping. Among these methods, modal testing of bladed disks is of particular interest because it provides an efficient experimental characterization of these structures, which are critical parts of aeronautic turbojet engines. This work presents techniques to determine the optimal order of subspace state-space identification methods for modal parameter estimation of a realistic fan stage. Indeed, the order of the identification model is unknown during modal analysis requiring techniques to determine which model order should be used for parameter estimation. To investigate these techniques, several methods to estimate the optimal model order are reviewed. A specific focus is proposed on the determination of model order through statistical tests as these techniques have the benefits of providing indicators along with a threshold built over hypothesis testing and a probability of rejection. In order to further analyze model order determination techniques, some of these techniques are evaluated by means of a numerical model of a realistic fan stage, hence making possible to assess the performances of estimation methods close to experimental conditions. In particular, estimation in a context of high modal density as well as model order determination through “M-test” are addressed using this model. After assessing the implemented estimation method over the numerical model, this method is applied over experimental data obtained by performing modal tests over a full-scale composite rotating fan in vacuum condition.
Safety in Wearable Robotic Exoskeletons: Design, Control, and Testing Guidelines
Authors: Nasr Ali , Inkol Keaton , McPhee John 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Exoskeletons, wearable robotic devices designed to enhance human strength and endurance, find applications in various fields such as healthcare and industry; however, stringent safety measures should be adopted in such settings. This paper presents a comprehensive exploration of challenges associated with exoskeleton technology, ranging from mechanical issues to regulatory and ethical considerations. The enumerated challenges include joint hyper-extension or flexion, rapid or sudden motion, misalignment, fit, and comfort issues, mechanical failure, weight and mobility limitations, environmental challenges, power supply issues, high energy consumption and regeneration, fall risk or stability concerns, sensor failures, control algorithm malfunctions, machine-learning model challenges, communication disconnection, actuator malfunctions, unexpected human–robot interactions, and regulatory and ethical considerations. The paper outlines possible risks and suggests practical solutions based on design, control, and testing methods for each challenge. The objective is to offer a guideline for developers and users, emphasizing safety, reliability, and optimal performance in the ever-evolving landscape of exoskeleton technology. The guideline covers preoperation checks, user training, emergency response, real-time monitoring, and user interaction to ensure responsible innovation and user-centricity in exoskeleton development and deployment.
Fourth-Order Accurate Strain-Parameterized Shape Representation of Beam Elements for Modeling Continuum Robots and Robotic Manipulation of Slender Objects
Authors: Müller Andreas 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Soft rods and tubular elements are the main building blocks of continuum robots. Kinetostatic models along with a geometrically exact description of the kinematics on SE(3) are now an established foundation for simulation and control. A key aspect is the reconstruction of the actual shape of a soft slender element. This involves numerically solving nonlinear differential equations on SE(3), which is problematic, in particular for real-time applications. To circumvent this, shape functions are used to approximate the deformation. A widely used approach is based on the constant curvature assumption. This has limited accuracy, however. In this article, an interpolation is presented that leads to a fourth-order accurate approximation of the deformation of a Cosserat beam. This serves as a strain-parameterized shape function. Either the strain at the two ends of the beam or the strain and its derivative at one end are specified. The presented interpolation is relevant also for shape control when handling flexible slender objects with robotic manipulators.
Research on Cooperative Control and Stability of Variable Refrigerant Flow Refrigeration System
Authors: Cheng Zheming , Zhang Jiani , Tao Leren , Chen Jianhong , Zheng Zhigao , Huang Lihao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Variable refrigerant flow (VRF) refrigeration systems use variable flow regulation technology to better match the system load. But the frequency of the compressor and the opening of the electronic expansion valve (EV) directly affect the system's stability and performance. To study cooperative control and stability of performance parameters (superheat, refrigeration capacity, and coefficient of performance (COP)), a small variable frequency rolling rotor refrigeration system of R32 was set up. Experimental research on the stability of the system performances was studied with the effect of superheat, then collaborative control of the fitting model was established. The test campaign was carried out on the R32 variable refrigerant flow refrigeration system with a cooling capacity of 5 kW, compressor frequencies from 40 Hz to 60 Hz, pressure ratio from 2.93 to 3.2, and expansion valve opening from 20% to 80%. Results showed that (1) with the increase of refrigerant mass flow, the system came into the unstable oscillation range of the minimal stable signal (MSS) line, and then the system performances (e.g., superheat) started to oscillate. So, the superheated vapor flow and mist flow alternated, which led to the change of the heat transfer mechanism. (2) There was one inflection point (minimum stable superheat point) for the refrigeration capacity at the certain superheat for the different compressor frequencies. When superheat was near the minimum stable point, it was the best choice to balance refrigeration capacity (or coefficient of performance) and the control difficulty. (3) When the compressor frequency was from 40 Hz to 60 Hz under constant pressure ratio, the increase of the compressor frequency had a more direct impact on the compressor power consumption compared with refrigeration capacity. Therefore, there was a negative correlation between the COP and compressor frequency. (4) When the expansion valve opening was between 28% and 32% and the compressor frequency was from 44.5 Hz to 46.5 Hz, it was more difficult to control superheat. The relationship between the compressor frequency and the EV opening could reduce the phenomenon of overshoot or hysteresis. And, the system could reach a stable state quickly with the method of the synchronous control.
Film-Cooling Performance Comparison of Blade Tips With a Trailing Edge, Pressure Side Cutback, or a Suction Side Squealer in a Transonic Linear Cascade
Authors: Yeh Ming-Feng , Burdett Timothy A. , Wright Lesley M. , Han Je-Chin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Film-cooling effectiveness and leakage flow play crucial roles in turbine blade heat transfer. In contrast to the conventional trailing edge cutback squealer blade tip (CB tip), this study aims to compare the film-cooling effectiveness of a suction side squealer tip (SS tip) under different blowing ratios and density ratios. This experiment is conducted in a three-blade cascade wind tunnel under transonic conditions. While applying the pressure-sensitive paint (PSP) technique for film-cooling effectiveness measurements, both top-view and side-view perspectives were employed to illustrate the distribution of local cooling effectiveness across various regions of the blade. Furthermore, PSP can be used to estimate the leakage flow across the blade tip by analyzing the local static pressure distribution. For the CB tip, the film-cooling effectiveness within the cavity increases as both the blowing ratio and density ratio increase. The PSP technique clearly captures the accumulation of coolant within the cavity and the coolant discharge near the trailing edge in the vicinity of the squealer cutback. When the blade tip is outfitted with only a suction side squealer, the film-cooling effectiveness on the blade tip is comparable to that of the full squealer with the trailing edge cutback. This similarity is achieved as the CB tip design requires 14–20% more coolant to achieve the same blowing ratios as the SS tip. The advantage of the SS tip is further demonstrated as leakage flow across the tip is reduced compared to the CB tip.
Integrative genomic, virulence, and transcriptomic analysis of emergent
Streptococcus dysgalactiae
subspecies
equisimilis
(SDSE)
emm
type
stG62647
isolates causing human infections
Authors: Eraso Jesus M. , Olsen Randall J. , Long S. Wesley , Gadd Ryan , Boukthir Sarrah , Faili Ahmad , Kayal Samer , Musser James M. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Streptococcus dysgalactiae
subspecies
equisimilis
(SDSE) is a Gram-positive bacterial pathogen that infects humans and is closely related to group A streptococcus (GAS). Compared with GAS, far less is known about SDSE pathobiology. Increased rates of invasive SDSE infections have recently been reported in many countries. One SDSE
emm
type (
stG62647
) is known to cause severe diseases, including necrotizing soft-tissue infections, endocarditis, and osteoarticular infections. To increase our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of
stG62647
SDSE isolates causing human infections, we sequenced to closure the genomes of 120
stG62647
SDSE isolates. The genomes varied in size from 2.1 to 2.24 Mb pairs. The great majority of
stG62647
isolates had
IS1548
integrated into the
silB
gene, thereby inactivating it. Regions of difference, such as mobile genetic elements, were the largest source of genomic diversity. All 120
stG62647
isolates were assayed for virulence using a well-established mouse model of necrotizing myositis. An unexpectedly wide range of virulence was identified (20% to 95%), as assessed by near-mortality data. To explore the molecular mechanisms underlying virulence differences, we analyzed RNAseq transcriptome profiles for 38
stG62647
isolates (comprising the 19 least and most virulent) grown
in vitro
. Genetic polymorphisms were identified from whole-genome sequence data. Collectively, the results suggest that these SDSE isolates use multiple genetic pathways to alter virulence phenotype. The data also suggest that human genetics and underlying medical conditions contribute to disease severity. Our study integrates genomic, mouse virulence, and RNAseq data to advance our understanding of SDSE pathobiology and its molecular pathogenesis.

IMPORTANCE

This study integrated genomic sequencing, mouse virulence assays, and bacterial transcriptomic analysis to advance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms contributing to
Streptococcus dysgalactiae
subsp.
equisimilis emm
type
stG62647
pathogenesis. We tested a large cohort of genetically closely related
stG62647
isolates for virulence using an established mouse model of necrotizing myositis and discovered a broad spectrum of virulence phenotypes, with near-mortality rates ranging from 20% to 95%. This variation was unexpected, given their close genetic proximity. Transcriptome analysis of
stG62647
isolates responsible for the lowest and highest near-mortality rates suggested that these isolates used multiple molecular pathways to alter their virulence. In addition, some genes encoding transcriptional regulators and putative virulence factors likely contribute to SDSE
emm
type
stG62647
pathogenesis. These data underscore the complexity of pathogen–host interactions in an emerging SDSE clonal group.
Burden of postmenopausal breast cancer attributable to excess body weight: comparative study of body mass index and CUN-BAE in MCC-Spain study
Authors: Cubelos-Fernández Naiara , Dávila-Batista Verónica , Fernández-Villa Tania , Castaño-Vinyals Gemma , Perez-Gomez Beatriz , Amiano Pilar , Ardanaz Eva , Delgado Sillero Irene , Llorca Javier , Tardón Guillermo Fernández , Alguacil Juan , Vanaclocha Espí Mercedes , Marcos-Gragera Rafael , Moreno Víctor , Aragones Nuria , Dorronsoro Ane , Guevara Marcela , Reguero Celada Sofía , Pollan Marina , Kogevinas Manolis , Martín Vicente 
Published: October 2024

Background10% of postmenopausal breast cancer cases are attributed to a high body mass index (BMI). BMI underestimates body fat, particularly in older women, and therefore the cancer burden attributable to obesity may be even higher. However, this is not clear. CUN-BAE (Clínica Universidad de Navarra–Body Adiposity Estimator) is an accurate validated estimator of body fat, taking into account sex and age. The objective of this study was to compare the burden of postmenopausal breast cancer attributable to excess body fat calculated using BMI and CUN-BAE.MethodsThis case–control study included 1033 cases of breast cancer and 1143 postmenopausal population controls from the multicase–control MCC-Spain study. Logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs). The population attributable fraction (PAF) of excess weight related to breast cancer was estimated with both anthropometric measures. Stratified analyses were carried out for hormone receptor type.ResultsExcess body weight attributable to the risk of breast cancer was 23.0% when assessed using a BMI value ≥30 kg/m2and 38.0% when assessed using a CUN-BAE value of ≥40% body fat. Hormone receptor stratification showed that these differences in PAFs were only observed in hormone receptor positive cases, with an estimated burden of 19.9% for BMI and 41.9% for CUN-BAE.ConclusionThese findings suggest that the significance of excess body fat in postmenopausal hormone receptor positive breast cancer could be underestimated when assessed using only BMI. Accurate estimation of the cancer burden attributable to obesity is crucial for planning effective prevention initiatives.
Risk of opioid-related harms by occupation within a large cohort of formerly injured workers in Ontario, Canada: findings from the Occupational Disease Surveillance System
Authors: Carnide Nancy , Sritharan Jeavana , Song Chaojie , Kooshki Fateme , Demers Paul A 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveWorking-age individuals have been disproportionately affected by the opioid crisis, prompting interest in the potential role of occupation as a contributor. This study aimed to estimate the risk of opioid-related poisonings and mental and behavioural disorders by occupation and industry within a cohort of 1.7 million formerly injured workers.MethodsWorkers were identified in the Occupational Disease Surveillance System, a system linking workers’ compensation data (1983–2019) to emergency department and hospitalisation records (2006–2020) in Ontario, Canada. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate HRs and 95% CIs for hospital encounters for opioid-related poisonings and mental and behavioural disorders by occupation and industry compared with all other workers, adjusted for age, sex and birth year.ResultsIn total, 13 702 opioid-related poisoning (p) events (n=10 064 workers) and 19 629 opioid-related mental and behavioural (mb) disorder events (n=11 755 workers) were observed. Elevated risks were identified among workers in forestry and logging (HRp=1.45, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.94; HRmb=1.70, 95% CI 1.34 to 2.16); processing (minerals, metals, clay, chemical) (HRp=1.27, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.42; HRmb=1.26, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.39); processing (food, wood, textile) (HRp=1.12, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.24; HRmb=1.19, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.31); machining (HRp=1.13, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.21; HRmb=1.17, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.25); construction trades (HRp=1.57, 95% CI 1.48 to 1.67; HRmb=1.59, 95% CI 1.51 to 1.68); materials handling (HRp=1.32, 95% CI 1.22 to 1.43; HRmb=1.22, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.31); mining and quarrying (HRmb=1.68, 95% CI 1.34 to 2.11); and transport equipment operating occupations (HRp=1.18, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.27). Elevated risks were observed among select workers in service, sales, clerical and health. Findings by industry were similar.ConclusionsResults provide additional evidence that opioid-related harms cluster among certain occupational groups. Findings can be used to strategically target prevention and harm reduction activities in the workplace.