bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing carbon reduction effects toward the mode shift of green transportation system
Authors: Yang Chih‐Wen , Ho Yi‐Ling 
Published: February 2016

SummaryPlans are underway to introduce green transportation systems at Taiwan's famous scenic spot, Sun Moon Lake, to reduce carbon emissions. Carbon reduction effects after changing the current lake tour modes are assessed using a nested logit model with a stated preference survey, which investigated tourists' choice preferences. The empirical results reveal that the modes of electric bus, electric vehicle sharing, and bike are clustered in the same competitive group. Travel cost, in‐vehicle travel time, and out‐vehicle travel time are found to be statistically significant with the expected negative effects. In particular, the attribute of carbon reduction is only significant for green tourists, who are willing to pay US$ 3.5/kg of carbon saved. The result indicates that more efficient carbon reduction is possible by restricting the usage of gasoline vehicles rather than improving the service levels of low‐carbon modes. Notably, the effect of parking charges on emission reduction is equal to the amount of carbon dioxide absorbed by 4511 trees per day. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanism of Developmental Effects in Rats Caused by an N‐Phenylimide Herbicide: Transient Fetal Anemia and Sequelae during Mid‐to‐Late Gestation
Authors: Kawamura Satoshi , Yoshioka Takafumi , Mito Nobuaki , Kishimoto Noriyuki , Nakaoka Masanao , Fantel Alan G. 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundRat developmental toxicity including embryolethality and teratogenicity (mainly ventricular septal defects [VSDs] and wavy ribs) was produced by an N‐phenylimide herbicide that inhibits protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) common to chlorophyll and heme biosynthesis. Major characteristics of the developmental toxicity included species difference between rats and rabbits, compound‐specific difference among structurally similar herbicides, and sensitive period. Protoporphyrin accumulation in treated fetuses closely correlated with the major characteristics. Iron deposits in erythroblastic mitochondria and degeneration of erythroblasts were observed in treated rat fetuses. In this study we investigated fetal anemia and subsequent developmental effects in rats, and inhibition of PPO in rats, rabbits, and humans by the herbicides in vitro.MethodsFetuses were treated on gestational day (GD) 12 and removed on GDs 13 through 20. All litters were examined externally. One half of litters were examined for blood and skeletal development, and the other half for interventricular foramen closure. Effects on PPO were determined in mitochondria from embryos and adult livers.ResultsFetal anemia in rats was evident on GDs 13 through 16. Subsequently, enlarged heart, delayed closure of the foramen, reduced serum protein, and retarded rib ossification were observed. In vitro PPO inhibition exhibited species‐ and compound‐specific differences corresponding to the developmental toxicity.ConclusionWe propose that developmental toxicity results from PPO inhibition in primitive erythroblasts, causing transient fetal anemia followed by death. Compensatory enlargement of the fetal heart results in failure of interventricular foramen closure and VSD. Reduced serum protein leads to delayed ossification and wavy ribs
Boundary research: Tools and rules to impact emerging fields
Authors: Wansink Brian , van Ittersum Koert 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBoundary research can be risky, but it can also move academic disciplines into wider areas of influence. To help reduce the risk and increase the reward, this article describes new tools that boundary researchers can use to get started, published, and promoted. These include writing for surprising impact, positioning their research against a larger theme, developing a research impact matrix for promotion, and estimating a 10‐year citation record. These tools can help move a boundary research area from fringe to focus. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Consumer Behaviour published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the search for an “easy” FFR: Submaximal hyperemia and NTG‐induced translesional pressure drop (Pd/Pa‐NTG)
Authors: Kern Morton J. , Seto Arnold H. 
Published: February 2016

Key Points

Estimators of FFR that do not require adenosine hyperemia may increase the use of hemodynamic lesion assessment.
This study shows that Pd/Pa of >0.88 after nitroglycerin bolus had a 95% sensitivity for an FFR >0.80, and could avoid adenosine in half of cases.
Nitroglycerin hyperemia is novel but requires more study to be a surrogate for adenosine.
The alternative approach to transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Kornowski Ran 
Published: February 2016

Key Points

An alternative route for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is needed whenever transfemoral vascular access is not feasible.
The choice of alternative access differs between centers and depends mainly on the operators' preferences and site‐specific expertise of the “heart team.”
In a multi‐center Italian Registry, the alternative access site (transapical vs. trans‐subclavian) was not an independent predictor of short‐ or long‐term mortality.
A Simple Graphical Check of Consistency for Zero Length Column Desorption Curves
Authors: Brandani Stefano 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe mass balance for a zero length column (ZLC) system leads to a very simple check which can be used to ensure internal consistency of the experimental curves. This is based on reporting experiments run at different flow rates on a c/c0 vs. Ft plot, where F is the volumetric flow rate. The proposed method is applied to two different sets of results from the literature and can be used to identify that in one case the data are inconsistent. The results lead to an important recommendation: any future contribution reporting ZLC curves should include the c/c0 vs. Ft plot which can confirm the internal consistency of the results and indicate if the experiments are carried out under equilibrium or kinetic control.
Triggering Gel Formation and Luminescence through Donor–Acceptor Interactions in a C3‐Symmetric Tris(pyrene) System
Authors: Lai Thanh‐Loan , Pop Flavia , Melan Caroline , Canevet David , Sallé Marc , Avarvari Narcis 
Published: February 2016

AbstractStraightforward modulation of the gelation, absorption and luminescent properties of a tris(pyrene) organogelator containing a C3‐symmetric benzene‐1,3,5‐tricarboxamide central unit functionalized by three 3,3′‐diamino‐2,2′‐bipyridine fragments is achieved through donor–acceptor interactions in the presence of tetracyanoquinodimethane.
Impact of Protein Removal by an Upstream Ultrafiltration on the Reverse Osmosis of Skim Milk and Sweet Whey
Authors: Meyer Patricia , Kulozik Ulrich 
Published: February 2016

AbstractConcentration of milk and whey by ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis (RO) in cascade mode is an amendment of evaporation for high volume reduction ratios (VRR) prior to drying. This study investigated the impact of a prior protein removal and the transmembrane pressure (TMP) on the RO stage, compared to skim milk and sweet whey. It could be found that removal of the protein fraction of both skim milk and sweet whey improved the efficiency of the RO. An upstream ultrafiltration resulted in higher VRR as well as an increased permeate flux.
Präparationsprinzipien mikroporöser Materialien: Vom building block zum hierarchisch aufgebauten porösen System
Authors: Schwieger Wilhelm , Klumpp Michael , Al‐Thabaiti Shaeel A. , Hartmann Martin 
Published: February 2016

AbstractMikroporöse Materialien sind lange bekannt und werden aufgrund ihrer einzigartigen sorptiven und katalytischen Eigenschaften mit weiterhin steigendem Interesse untersucht, zielgerichtet synthetisiert und potenziellen Anwendungen zugeführt. Obwohl gerade die Mikroporosität entscheidend zu den herausragenden Eigenschaften in Katalyse und Sorptionsprozessen beiträgt, so bremst sie auch die Geschwindigkeit vieler solcher Prozesse. Deshalb rückt die Entwicklung von Materialien mit hierarchisch aufgebauter Porosität zunehmend in den Fokus der Forschung. Dieser Artikel spannt den Bogen von der grundsätzlichen Beschreibung mikroporöser Materialien und ihrer Baueinheiten, über grundsätzliche Präparationsprinzipien bei deren Herstellung bis hin zu den neueren Entwicklungen im Bereich der zeolithischen Materialien mit hierarchischer Porosität.
Poly(methyl methacrylate)‐grafted cellulose nanocrystals: One‐step synthesis, nanocomposite preparation, and characterization
Authors: Kedzior Stephanie A. , Graham Lexa , Moorlag Carolyn , Dooley Brynn M. , Cranston Emily D. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractCellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are ideal reinforcing agents for polymer nanocomposites because they are lightweight and nano‐sized with a large aspect ratio and high elastic modulus. To overcome the poor compatibility of hydrophilic CNCs in non‐polar composite matrices, we grafted poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) from the surface of CNCs using an aqueous, one‐pot, free radical polymerization method with ceric ammonium nitrate as the initiator. The hybrid nanoparticles were characterized by CP/MAS NMR, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, contact angle, thermogravimetric analysis, X‐ray diffraction, and atomic force microscopy. Spectroscopy demonstrates that 0.11 g/g (11 wt %) PMMA is grafted from the CNC surface, giving PMMA‐g‐CNCs, which are similar in size and crystallinity to unmodified CNCs but have an onset of thermal degradation 45 °C lower. Nanocomposites were prepared by compounding unmodified CNCs and PMMA‐g‐CNCs (0.0025–0.02 g/g (0.25–2 wt %) loading) with PMMA using melt mixing and wet ball milling. CNCs improved the performance of melt‐mixed nanocomposites at 0.02 g/g (2 wt %) loading compared to the PMMA control, while lower loadings of CNCs and all loadings of PMMA‐g‐CNCs did not. The difference in Young's modulus between unmodified CNC and polymer‐grafted CNC composites was generally insignificant. Overall, ball‐milled composites had inferior mechanical and rheological properties compared to melt‐mixed composites. Scanning electron microscopy showed aggregation in the samples with CNCs, but more pronounced aggregation with PMMA‐g‐CNCs. Despite improving interfacial compatibility between the nanoparticles and the matrix, the effect of PMMA‐g‐CNC aggregation and decreased thermal stability dominated the composite performance.
Mesoporous Tungsten Trioxide Polyaniline Nanocomposite as an Anode Material for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Bin , Li Xiaoping , Li Weishan , Wang Yaqiong , Uchaker Evan , Pei Yi , Cao Xi , Li Shuang , Huang Bin , Cao Guozhong 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA nanocomposite of polyaniline (PANI)/mesoporous tungsten trioxide (m‐WO3) was synthesized by the chemical oxidation polymerization of aniline coated onto an ordered m‐WO3 and investigated as an anode material for lithium‐ion batteries. The nanocomposite was characterized by using X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The electrochemical properties of the nanocomposite were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and constant current charge/discharge tests. The reversible capacity of the PANI/m‐WO3 in the first cycle was 1064 mAh g−1 at 60 mA g−1 and remained at 803 mAh g−1 at 180 mA g−1 after 100 cycles, while the initial charge capacity of m‐WO3 was 556 mAh g−1 and remained only at 303 mAh g−1 after 50 cycles. The improved electrochemical performance of the nanocomposite can be ascribed to the electronical conductivity of PANI and the chemical interaction between PANI and m‐WO3. More importantly, the unique PANI coating layer on the m‐WO3 is believed to play an important role in the capacity contribution of the composite.
AC Conduction and Time–Temperature Superposition Scaling in a Reduced Graphene Oxide–Zinc Sulfide Nanocomposite
Authors: Chakraborty Koushik , Das Poulomi , Chakrabarty Sankalpita , Pal Tanusri , Ghosh Surajit 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe report, herein, the results of an in depth study and concomitant analysis of the AC conduction [σ′(ω): f=20 Hz to 2 MHz] mechanism in a reduced graphene oxide–zinc sulfide (RGO–ZnS) composite. The magnitude of the real part of the complex impedance decreases with increase in both frequency and temperature, whereas the imaginary part shows an asymptotic maximum that shifts to higher frequencies with increasing temperature. On the other hand, the conductivity isotherm reveals a frequency‐independent conductivity at lower frequencies subsequent to a dispersive conductivity at higher frequencies, which follows a power law [σ′(ω)∝ωs] within a temperature range of 297 to 393 K. Temperature‐independent frequency exponent ′s′ indicates the occurrence of phonon‐assisted simple quantum tunnelling of electrons between the defects present in RGO. Finally, this sample follows the “time–temperature superposition principle”, as confirmed from the universal scaling of conductivity isotherms. These outcomes not only pave the way for increasing our elemental understanding of the transport mechanism in the RGO system, but will also motivate the investigation of the transport mechanism in other order–disorder systems.
Karen Refugees Describe Peace within the Context of Displacement
Authors: Fuertes Al 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDisplaced populations are often the most vulnerable and at‐risk people in our world today. Many end up becoming victims of human smuggling and trafficking, and they are often subjected to intolerable living conditions and uncertainty regarding their future. What can displaced populations teach us about peace? Using a storytelling method, Karen refugees along the Thai‐Burmese border describe peace as encompassing, embodying quality of life, both social and personal. It comprises an interdisciplinary spectrum of socioeconomic, political, psychosocial, and educational elements. Peace for Karen refugees requires a collaborative action among government and nongovernment organizations.
Overt and Covert Group Dynamics: An Innovative Approach for Conflict Resolution Preparation
Authors: Katz Neil H. , Sosa Katherine J. , Harriott Suzzette A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractGroup work is a necessary but often bewildering part of working in the field of conflict resolution. Although programs provide skill practice courses to prepare conflict professionals, their opportunity to engage in settings that reflect the challenging work of operating in the midst of a heightened emotional environment is limited. One course that at least approximates those conditions is based on the Tavistock approach to group relations and emulates the covert and overt dynamics that occur in groups. This article advocates for experiential educational events such as this to improve training for conflict resolution professionals and is supported by interview data collected from participants.
Towards broadcast redundancy minimization in duty‐cycled wireless sensor networks
Authors: Duc Thang Le , Le Duc Tai , Zalyubovskiy Vyacheslav V. , Kim Dongsoo S. , Choo Hyunseung 
Published: February 2016

SummaryBroadcast is an essential operation in wireless sensor networks. Because of the necessity of energy conservation, minimizing the number of transmissions is always a challenging issue in broadcasting scheme design. This paper studies the minimum‐transmission broadcast problem in duty‐cycled wireless sensor networks where each sensor operates under active/dormant cycles. To address the problem, our proposed scheme, Broadcast Redundancy Minimization Scheduling (BRMS), finds a set of forwarding nodes, which minimizes the number of broadcast transmissions. Then, it constructs a forest of sub‐trees based on the relationship between each forwarding node and its corresponding receivers. A broadcast tree is constructed ultimately by connecting all sub‐trees with a minimum number of connectors. Theoretical analysis shows that BRMS obtains a lower approximation ratio as well as time complexity compared with existing schemes. A set of extensive simulations is conducted to evaluate the performance of BRMS. The results reveal that BRMS outperforms others and its solution is close to the lower bound of the problem in terms of the total number of transmissions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Amnioserosa development and function in Drosophila embryogenesis: Critical mechanical roles for an extraembryonic tissue
Authors: Lacy Monica E. , Hutson M. Shane 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDespite being a short‐lived, extraembryonic tissue, the amnioserosa plays critical roles in the major morphogenetic events of Drosophila embryogenesis. These roles involve both cellular mechanics and biochemical signaling. Its best‐known role is in dorsal closure—well studied by both developmental biologists and biophysicists—but the amnioserosa is also important during earlier developmental stages. Here, we provide an overview of amnioserosa specification and its role in several key developmental stages: germ band extension, germ band retraction, and dorsal closure. We also compare embryonic development in Drosophila and its relative Megaselia to highlight how the amnioserosa and its roles have evolved. Placed in context, the amnioserosa provides a fascinating example of how signaling, mechanics, and morphogen patterns govern cell‐type specification and subsequent morphogenetic changes in cell shape, orientation, and movement. Developmental Dynamics 245:558–568, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Eating disorder pathology in elite adolescent athletes
Authors: Giel Katrin Elisabeth , Hermann‐Werner Anne , Mayer Jochen , Diehl Katharina , Schneider Sven , Thiel Ansgar , Zipfel Stephan ,   for the GOAL study group
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTObjectiveWe aimed to investigate eating disorder pathology in German elite adolescent athletes. Evidence suggests that eating disorder pathology is more common in adult elite sports, especially in female athletes and in sports emphasizing leanness. There is a scarcity of studies in elite adolescent athletes who are in a vulnerable developmental stage and are affected by general as well as sport‐specific risk factors.MethodOur data was derived from the German Young Olympic Athletes' Lifestyle and Health Management Study (GOAL) which conducted a survey in 1138 elite adolescent athletes. In this sample, we assessed body weight, weight control behavior, body acceptance and screened overall for core symptoms of eating disorders, depression and anxiety. We performed a tree analysis to identify high risk groups for eating disorder pathology.ResultsHigh risk groups comprised (a) athletes competing in weight dependent sports, and among athletes competing in disciplines other than weight dependent sports (b) athletes who are high on negative affectivity, (c) female athletes and (d) male athletes competing in endurance, technical or power sports. Athletes competing in weight dependent disciplines reported wide spread use of compensatory behaviors to influence body weight. Athletes reporting eating disorder pathology showed higher levels of depression and anxiety than athletes without eating disorder pathology.DiscussionIncreased psychosocial burden in athletes with eating disorder pathology suggests that eating disorder symptoms should not be accepted as an unproblematic and functional part of elite sports. The prevention and management of eating disorder pathology is especially important in weight dependent sports. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:553–562)
Selective formation of C36‐dimer fatty acids via thiol‐ene addition for copolyamide synthesis
Authors: Unverferth Maike , Meier Michael A. R. 
Published: February 2016

Dimer fatty acids demonstrate interesting raw materials for the synthesis of polyamides and polyurethanes. The industrially well‐established procedure of dimerizing poly unsaturated fatty acids yields a mixture of monomer, dimer and trimer structures, requiring the isolation of the pure dimer fatty acid. Within this study, the selective synthesis of C36‐dimer fatty acids derived from oleic acid is shown by simple thiol‐ene addition of ethane‐1,2‐dithiol. Subsequently, the dimer fatty acid is used as comonomer for copolyamide synthesis in different ratios with hexamethylenediamine and dimethyl adipate. Experiments of water uptake and release are presented for these copolyamides showing improved properties compared to conventional polyamides.Practical applications: Dimer fatty acids are established oleochemicals and used for several applications. Their conventional synthesis is straightforward, but results in a mixture of different compounds that are difficult to separate. Here, we report a simple and efficient synthesis approach to dimer fatty acids that avoids the above mentioned problems and moreover uses oleic acid as starting material instead of multiply unsaturated fatty acids.A novel dimer fatty acid is successfully and efficiently prepared in a simple UV‐induced one‐pot procedure based on thiol‐ene chemistry. It can be used directly, without purification, for Nylon synthesis and reduces the water uptake of Nylon 6.6 and furthermore significantly increases the release of water.
Long-term exposure to triphenylphosphate alters hormone balance and HPG, HPI, and HPT gene expression in zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Liu Xiaoshan , Jung Dawoon , Jo Areum , Ji Kyunghee , Moon Hyo-Bang , Choi Kyungho 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

With the global decline in the use of polybrominated diphenyl ethers, the demand for alternative flame retardants, such as triphenylphosphate (TPP), has increased substantially. Triphenylphosphate is now detected in various environments including aquatic ecosystems worldwide. However, studies on the toxicological consequences of chronic TPP exposure on aquatic organisms are scarce. The zebrafish model was used to investigate the effects of long-term TPP exposure on the endocrine system. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to 5 µg/L, 50 µg/L, or 500 µg/L TPP for 120 d, and hormonal and transcriptional responses were measured along the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad (HPG) axis, the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis. Exposure to TPP significantly increased plasma 17β-estradiol, but decreased 11-ketotestosterone in both sexes. Gene expression data support these changes. In the HPI axis, plasma cortisol and proopiomelanocortin (pomc) and mineralocorticoid receptor transcripts increased in females, but in males cortisol decreased whereas pomc increased (p &lt; 0.05). Thyroxine and triiodothyronine increased, and thyrotrophin-releasing hormone receptor 2 (trhr2) and trh expression were affected only in females (p &lt; 0.05). In summary, long-term exposure to TPP enhanced estrogenicity in both males and females, potentially through influencing the HPG axis, but modulated the HPI, and HPT axes differently by sex, suggesting that both genomic and nongenomic responses might be involved. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2288–2296. © 2016 SETAC