bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Profile and FDG-PET/CT Total Metabolic Tumor Volume Improve Risk Classification at Diagnosis for Patients with Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Cottereau Anne-Ségolène , Lanic Hélène , Mareschal Sylvain , Meignan Michel , Vera Pierre , Tilly Hervé , Jardin Fabrice , Becker Stéphanie 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Purpose: The prognostic impact of total metabolic tumor volume (TMTV) measured on pretreatment 18F-FDG PET/CT and its added value to molecular characteristics was investigated in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).
Experimental Design: For 81 newly diagnosed patients with DLBCL treated with rituximab and CHOP/CHOP-like regimen, TMTV was computed using the 41% SUVmax thresholding method. According to the gene expression profile, determined using DASL (cDNA-mediated Annealing, Selection, Ligation and extension) technology, a subset of 57 patients was classified in germinal center B (GCB) or activated B-cell (ABC) subtypes and MYC or BCL2 overexpressed.
Results: Median follow-up was 64 months. Five-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 60% and 63% in the whole population. Median pretherapy TMTV was 320 cm3 (25th–75th percentiles 106–668 cm3). With a 300 cm3 cutoff, patients with high TMTV (n = 43) had a 5-year PFS and OS of 43% and 46% compared with 76% and 78% for patients with a low TMTV (P = 0.0023, P = 0.0047). ABC status, MYC, or BCL2 overexpression and both overexpression (“dual expressor,” DE) were significantly associated with a worse PFS and OS. TMTV combined with molecular data allowed a significant better risk substratification of ABC/GCB patients, on PFS and OS. High TMTV individualized in molecular-low-risk patients a group with a poor outcome (MYC, PFS=51%, OS=55% BCL2, PFS=49%, OS=49% or DE PFS=50%, OS=50%) and a group with a good outcome (MYC, PFS=93%, OS=93% BCL2, PFS=86%, OS=86%, or DE PFS=81%, OS=81%).
Conclusions: The combination of molecular and imaging characteristics at diagnosis could lead to a more accurate selection of patients, to increase tailor therapy. Clin Cancer Res; 22(15); 3801–9. ©2016 AACR.
Cervical Microbiota Associated with Higher Grade Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia in Women Infected with High-Risk Human Papillomaviruses
Authors: Piyathilake Chandrika J. , Ollberding Nicholas J. , Kumar Ranjit , Macaluso Maurizio , Alvarez Ronald D. , Morrow Casey D. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
It is increasingly recognized that microbes that reside in and on human body sites play major roles in modifying the pathogenesis of several diseases, including cancer. However, specific microbes or microbial communities that can be mechanistically linked to cervical carcinogenesis remain largely unexplored. The purpose of the study was to examine the association between cervical microbiota and high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN 2+) in women infected with high-risk (HR) human papillomaviruses (HPV) and to assess whether the cervical microbiota are associated with oxidative DNA damage as indicated by the presence of cervical cells positive for 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine. The study included 340 women diagnosed with CIN 2+ (cases) and 90 diagnosed with CIN 1 (non-cases). Microbiota composition was determined by Illumina sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene amplified from DNA extracted from cervical mucus samples. Measures of alpha/beta-diversity were not associated with either CIN severity or oxidative DNA damage. However, a cervical mucosal community type (CT) dominated by L. iners and unclassified Lactobacillus spp. was associated with CIN 2+ (OR = 3.48; 95% CI, 1.27–9.55). Sequence reads mapping to Lactobacillaceae, Lactobacillus, L. reuteri, and several sub–genus level Lactobacillus operational taxonomic units were also associated with CIN 2+ when examined independently (effect size &gt;2.0; P &lt; 0.05). Our 16S rRNA sequencing results need confirmation in independent studies using whole-genome shotgun sequencing and that would allow sharpening the suggested associations at finer taxonomic levels. Our results provide little evidence that DNA oxidative damage mediates the effect of the microbiome on the natural history of HPV infection and CIN severity. Cancer Prev Res; 9(5); 357–66. ©2016 AACR.
Alcohol and Immediate Risk of Cardiovascular Events
Authors: Mostofsky Elizabeth , Chahal Harpreet S. , Mukamal Kenneth J. , Rimm Eric B. , Mittleman Murray A. 
Published: March 2016

Background—
Although considerable research describes the cardiovascular effects of habitual moderate and heavy alcohol consumption, the immediate risks following alcohol intake have not been well characterized. Based on its physiological effects, alcohol may have markedly different effects on immediate and long-term risk.

Methods and Results—
We searched CINAHL, Embase, and PubMed from inception to March 12, 2015, supplemented with manual screening for observational studies assessing the association between alcohol intake and cardiovascular events in the following hours and days. We calculated pooled relative risks and 95% confidence intervals for the association between alcohol intake and myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and hemorrhagic stroke using DerSimonian and Laird random-effects models to model any alcohol intake or dose–response relationships of alcohol intake and cardiovascular events. Among 1056 citations and 37 full-text articles reviewed, 23 studies (29 457 participants) were included. Moderate alcohol consumption was associated with an immediately higher cardiovascular risk that was attenuated after 24 hours, and even protective for myocardial infarction and hemorrhagic stroke (≈2–4 drinks: relative risk=30% lower risk) and protective against ischemic stroke within 1 week (≈6 drinks: 19% lower risk). In contrast, heavy alcohol drinking was associated with higher cardiovascular risk in the following day (≈6–9 drinks: relative risk=1.3–2.3) and week (≈19–30 drinks: relative risk=2.25–6.2).

Conclusions—
There appears to be a consistent finding of an immediately higher cardiovascular risk following any alcohol consumption, but, by 24 hours, only heavy alcohol intake conferred continued risk.
Past, Present, and Future Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition
Authors: Kanakidou M. , Myriokefalitakis S. , Daskalakis N. , Fanourgakis G. , Nenes A. , Baker A. R. , Tsigaridis K. , Mihalopoulos N. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Reactive nitrogen emissions into the atmosphere are increasing as a result of human activities, affecting nitrogen deposition to the surface and impacting the productivity of terrestrial and marine ecosystems. An atmospheric chemistry–transport model [Tracer Model 4 of the Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory (TM4-ECPL)] is here used to calculate the global distribution of total nitrogen deposition, accounting for the first time for both its inorganic and organic fractions in gaseous and particulate phases and past and projected changes due to anthropogenic activities. The anthropogenic and biomass-burning Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP) historical and RCP6.0 and RCP8.5 emissions scenarios are used. Accounting for organic nitrogen (ON) primary emissions, the present-day global nitrogen atmospheric source is about 60% anthropogenic, while total N deposition increases by about 20% relative to simulations without ON primary emissions. About 20%–25% of total deposited N is ON. About 10% of the emitted nitrogen oxides are deposited as ON instead of inorganic nitrogen (IN), as is considered in most global models. Almost a threefold increase over land (twofold over the ocean) has been calculated for soluble N deposition due to human activities from 1850 to present. The investigated projections indicate significant changes in the regional distribution of N deposition and chemical composition, with reduced compounds gaining importance relative to oxidized ones, but very small changes in the global total flux. Sensitivity simulations quantify uncertainties due to the investigated model parameterizations of IN partitioning onto aerosols and of N chemically fixed on organics to be within 10% for the total soluble N deposition and between 25% and 35% for the dissolved ON deposition. Larger uncertainties are associated with N emissions.
Evaluation of NU-WRF Rainfall Forecasts for IFloodS
Authors: Wu Di , Peters-Lidard Christa , Tao Wei-Kuo , Petersen Walter 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The Iowa Flood Studies (IFloodS) campaign was conducted in eastern Iowa as a pre-GPM-launch campaign from 1 May to 15 June 2013. During the campaign period, real-time forecasts were conducted utilizing the NASA-Unified Weather Research and Forecasting (NU-WRF) Model to support the daily weather briefing. In this study, two sets of the NU-WRF rainfall forecasts are conducted with different soil initializations, one from the spatially interpolated North American Mesoscale Forecast System (NAM) and the other produced by the Land Information System (LIS) using daily analysis of bias-corrected stage IV data. Both forecasts are then compared with NAM, stage IV, and Multi-Radar Multi-Sensor (MRMS) quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) to understand the impact of land surface initialization on the predicted precipitation. In general, both NU-WRF runs are able to reproduce individual peaks of precipitation at the right time. NU-WRF is also able to replicate a better rainfall spatial distribution compared with NAM. Further sensitivity tests show that the high-resolution runs (1 and 3 km) are able to better capture the precipitation event compared to its coarser-resolution counterpart (9 km). Finally, the two sets of NU-WRF simulations produce very close rainfall characteristics in bias, spatial and temporal correlation scores, and probability density function. The land surface initialization does not show a significant impact on short-term rainfall forecast, which is largely because of high soil moisture during the field campaign period.
Toward a PV-Based Algorithm for the Dynamical Core of Hydrostatic Global Models
Authors: Mohebalhojeh Ali R. , Joghataei Mohammad , Dritschel David G. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe diabatic contour-advective semi-Lagrangian (DCASL) algorithms previously constructed for the shallow-water and multilayer Boussinesq primitive equations are extended to multilayer non-Boussinesq equations on the sphere using a hybrid terrain-following–isentropic (σ–θ) vertical coordinate. It is shown that the DCASL algorithms face challenges beyond more conventional algorithms in that various types of damping, filtering, and regularization are required for computational stability, and the nonlinearity of the hydrostatic equation in the σ–θ coordinate causes convergence problems with setting up a semi-implicit time-stepping scheme to reduce computational cost. The prognostic variables are an approximation to the Rossby–Ertel potential vorticity Q, a scaled pressure thickness, the horizontal divergence, and the surface potential temperature. Results from the DCASL algorithm in two formulations of the σ–θ coordinate, differing only in the rate at which the vertical coordinate tends to θ with increasing height, are assessed using the baroclinic instability test case introduced by Jablonowski and Williamson in 2006. The assessment is based on comparisons with available reference solutions as well as results from two other algorithms derived from the DCASL algorithm: one with a semi-Lagrangian solution for Q and another with an Eulerian grid-based solution procedure with relative vorticity replacing Q as the prognostic variable. It is shown that at intermediate resolutions, results comparable to the reference solutions can be obtained.
Societies in Movement vs. Institutional Continuities? Insights from the Zapatista Experience
Authors: Guillén Diana 
Published: March 2016

In Latin America and other parts of the world, the social volatility of the past two decades has focused attention on the traditional concepts of what political structures and practices should be, highlighting what might be characterized as an empirical bursting at the seams of the classic normative frameworks. In this context it is of interest to analyze the proposal of the Ejército Zapatista de Liberación Nacional (Zapatista Army of National Liberation—EZLN) to establish a political-social organization parallel to the institutional framework recognized by Mexican law and contribute to the debate that has arisen about this kind of experiment and its transformational potential. En América Latina y en otras partes del mundo la efervescencia social de las últimas dos décadas ha interpelado las concepciones tradicionales sobre el deber ser de las estructuras y practices políticias, escenificando lo que podría caracterizarse como un desbordamiento empírico de los encuadres normativos clásicos. Frente a tal scenario interesa analizar la propuesta del Ejército Zapatista de Liberación Nacional (EZLN) para esta-blecer una organización politico-social paralela al andamiaje institucional reconocido por la legislación y abonar al debate que desde el pensamiento crítico se está promoviendo sobre este tipo de experiencia y su potencial transformador.
Assessing the performance of domestic heating controls in a whole house test facility
Authors: Fitton Richard , Swan William , Hughes Tara , Benjaber Moaad , Todd Stephen 
Published: March 2016

The energy consumed by domestic space heating systems represents a considerable share of the energy consumed in the UK. At the same time up to a quarter of English homes have inadequate controls on the central heating systems. Current modelling tools, and results from the limited field trials that have been carried out, are problematic due to the influence of the behaviour of occupants and variability of weather conditions. The Salford Energy House is a full-sized end terrace house built within a climate controlled laboratory. This allows a house of typical construction to be extensively analysed while completely disconnected from the unpredictability of weather conditions and human behaviour. This paper presents a series of tests carried out in the Salford Energy House into the effectiveness of installing room thermostats and thermostatic radiator valves. Savings of 40% in terms of energy consumption, cost and CO2 were achieved. The results should be regarded with caution in terms of their extent and application to real homes, but represent a significant contribution to the gap in current knowledge due to the ability to isolate the performance of homes from uncooperative variables, and a potential base for the development of more effective modelling tools. Practical application: This research provides evidence to support installation and use of room thermostats and thermostatic radiator valves as an effective means of reducing domestic energy consumption and overheating.
Factors influencing the initiation of intensive care in elderly patients and their families: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kim Junghyun , Choi Sun Mi , Park Young Sik , Lee Chang-Hoon , Lee Sang-Min , Yim Jae-Joon , Yoo Chul-Gyu , Kim Young Whan , Han Sung Koo , Lee Jinwoo 
Published: March 2016

Background: The number of elderly patients admitted to the intensive care unit is constantly growing. However, a decision regarding intensive care in these populations remains a challenge. Aim: To identify factors that influences the decision of elderly patients and their families about whether to initiate intensive care in case of an acute event. Design/participants: Medical records of patients (>80 years), who were admitted to general wards and referred for intensive care, were retrospectively reviewed. Patients who received intensive care were compared with those not agreeing to the initiation of intensive care. Results: Among the 125 patients, 45 agreed to receiving intensive care. Baseline characteristics at the time of intensive care unit referral were similar between the intensive care and non-intensive care groups. Only one patient had advance directives before the intensive care unit referral. Lower economic status (odds ratio = 0.27, 95% confidence interval = 0.08–0.94) and cognitive impairment (odds ratio = 0.20, 95% confidence interval = 0.07–0.56) were found associated with a lower likelihood of agreeing to intensive care, while a large number of participants involved in the decision-making process were associated with a higher likelihood of intensive care unit use (odds ratio = 1.82, 95% confidence interval = 1.08–3.09). Mean duration of hospital stay was longer for the intensive care group as compared with the non-intensive care group (28.8 days and 19.8 days, respectively, p = 0.03). However, there was no significant difference in the survival rate. Conclusion: The initiation of intensive care in elderly patients was influenced not only by medical conditions but also by the patient’s economic status and the number of family members involved in the decision-making process.
End-of-life care for HIV-infected patients with malignancies: A questionnaire-based survey
Authors: Kojima Yuki , Iwasaki Nami , Yanaga Yuriko , Tanuma Junko , Koizumi Yusuke , Uehira Tomoko , Yotsumoto Mihoko , Ajisawa Atsushi , Hagiwara Shotaro , Okada Seiji , Nagai Hirokazu 
Published: March 2016

Background: The number of HIV-infected patients who require palliative or end-of-life care is increasing, and the status of end-of-life care for HIV patients with malignancies is unclear. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the end-of-life care provided to HIV patients with malignancies in Japan. Design: National cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey. Setting/participants: Questionnaires were delivered to the medical staff of 378 regional core hospitals/core hospitals for AIDS and 285 palliative care units in Japan. Data were collected between August and October 2013. Results: Overall, 226 regional core hospitals/core hospitals for AIDS (59.8%) responded. A total of 55 institutions (24.3%) provided end-of-life care to HIV patients with malignancies. Regarding the place of death of the patients, 69.1% died at the institution whereas 18.2% were transferred to palliative care units. The requests of 16 (29.1%) institutions to transfer patients to palliative care units were rejected. Of the 378 palliative care units, 179 (62.8%) responded. While 13 palliative care units (4.6%) provided care to hospitalized HIV patients with malignancies, 20 (11.2%) refused to accept these patients for treatment because of a lack of experience in treating these patients and a lack of knowledge regarding HIV infection. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that in Japan, HIV patients with malignancies have difficulties obtaining hospitalization at a palliative care unit, which is likely due to a lack of experience among the professionals in treating such patients as well as a lack of knowledge about HIV.
Factors correlated with the resolution of macular oedema after one dose injection of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide treatment in branch retinal vein occlusion
Authors: Zhang Shuang , An Ningyu , Ha Wenjing , Zhang Shaochi , Hu Xiaowen , Ma Aihua , Zhao Bojun 
Published: March 2016

Objective To investigate the predictive baseline factors for a successful outcome following one dose of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) in patients with macular oedema (ME) caused by branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). Methods This retrospective study enrolled patients with ME (macular retinal thickness [MRT] ≥ 300 µm) due to BRVO who still had ME 3 months after grid laser photocoagulation. Patients were divided according to treatment into an IVTA group and a laser-only group. The resolution of ME was documented at months 3 and 6. Results A total of 154 eyes with ME were investigated: IVTA group (90 eyes) and laser-only group (64 eyes). Predictive factors for successful IVTA treatment were younger age, shorter duration of ME, initial onset ME, accompanied by serous retinal detachment, few concomitant systemic diseases and nonischaemic BRVO. A broken foveal capillary ring was related to a poor treatment outcome. Eyes with cystoid spaces in the outer plexiform layer were more likely to have a good treatment response. Conclusion IVTA is effective for resolving ME due to BRVO after grid laser photocoagulation treatment.
The Role of Dairy in Effectiveness and Cost of Treatment of Children With Moderate Acute Malnutrition
Authors: Suri Devika J. , Moorthy Denish , Rosenberg Irwin H. 
Published: March 2016

Background: Dairy is recommended in specially formulated supplementary foods to treat children with moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) but with limited evidence and added cost. Objective: Review studies of ready-to-use foods (RUFs) versus fortified blended foods (FBFs) to determine whether inclusion of dairy modifies the comparative effectiveness and cost. Methods: We reviewed literature comparing FBF and RUF in treatment of MAM among children younger than 5 years in developing countries. Outcomes of recovery from MAM, weight, and length gain were compared among treatment categories: FBF with dairy (FBF+), FBF without dairy (FBF−), RUF with dairy (RUF+), and RUF without dairy (RUF−). Supplement cost was compared per 500 kcal. Results: Eight studies were included. Rations were heterogeneous in energy and type of dairy. Overall, RUF+, RUF−, and FBF+ performed similarly, with higher recovery and weight gain compared with FBF−. RUF+ had higher recovery (in 5 of 6 comparisons), weight gain (4 of 4), and length gain (1 of 4) versus FBF−. The RUF+ had higher recovery (1 of 2) versus FBF+, with no other differences. The RUF− versus FBF+ had no differences (0 of 2). The RUF− had higher recovery (1 of 2), weight gain (2 of 2) versus FBF−. Four studies reported supplement costs, which averaged US$0.15 (FBF−), US$0.18 (FBF+), US$0.18 (RUF−), and US$0.37 (RUF+) per 500 kcal. Conclusions: There is a consistent benefit of FBF that include dairy in treatment of children with MAM. Benefits of dairy in RUF require further investigation. Evidence from rigorous quantitative analysis of existing data, cost-effectiveness, and prospective trials will be essential in determining policy on treatment for children with MAM.
Role of thyroid transcription factor-1 in the diagnosis of feline lung–digit syndrome
Authors: Finotello Riccardo , Masserdotti Carlo , Baroni Gianna , Ressel Lorenzo 
Published: March 2016

Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the role of thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) in the diagnosis of feline lung–digit syndrome (FLDS) and to investigate the associations between the morphological features of FLDS and TTF-1 expression. We also compared the reliability of TTF-1 and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in establishing the diagnosis of FLDS. Methods Histology records of feline digit tumours were retrieved, including patients from 2008–2015. If formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues were available for review, patients were included in the study. As a control group we included 12 feline primary tumours of the digits. All the histological slides of the study group were blindly reviewed by the same veterinary pathologist. Representative sections of the lesions were selected for immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis. To confirm the respiratory origin of the neoplastic tissue, TEM was used as a gold standard in all cases. Results Five cases of FLDS were included. TTF-1 was weakly to moderately positive in 60% of the cases, showing no correlation with the microscopic presence of ciliated epithelium. When IHC results were combined with the presence of cilia, 80% of the cases from the study group could be identified as FLDS. TEM confirmed the presence of ciliated epithelium in all five cases, confirming the respiratory origin of the neoplastic tissue and therefore the diagnosis of FLDS. Conclusions and relevance TTF-1 expression is maintained in FLDS. While the combination of TTF-1 and identification of cilia confirms FLDS, TEM should be considered in those cases where diagnosis is uncertain and FLDS is suspected.