bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphological and histological study of the liver in migratory starling bird (Sturnus vulgaris)
Authors: Faraj Saddama Saed , Al-Bairuty Genan Adnan 
Published: July 2017

The present work was aimed to form the baseline data of normal morphological and histological structure features of liver in migratory starling (Sturnus vulgaris). Anatomically, the starling liver bird was dark red -brown in colour and located in the cranial third of the abdominal cavity and consisted of undivided lobes (left and right). The liver right lobe was larger than the left. Histological examination revealed that the liver parenchyma was covered by a connective tissue capsule which appears to be thicker in the rim of liver lobes than other area in the liver lobe. Liver parenchyma was arranged in an unlimited hepatic lobules, which composed of polygonal hepatocytes organized as irregular, radial interconnecting cords or laminae of one or two cells thickness around a central vein and separated by blood sinusoids. In the boundary of each lobule showed a portal area which consists of a branch of hepatic artery; one or more branches of hepatic vein and one to four branches of the bile duct which lining by cuboidal cells that characterized by their empty non-staining cytoplasm. The histochemical observation by using PAS staining in the current study revealed that the glycogen granules arranged close to the central vein and in the rim of liver lobules.The present work was aimed to form the baseline data of normal morphological and histological structure features of liver in migratory starling (Sturnus vulgaris). Anatomically, the starling liver bird was dark red -brown in colour and located in the cranial third of the abdominal cavity and consisted of undivided lobes (left and right). The liver right lobe was larger than the left. Histological examination revealed that the liver parenchyma was covered by a connective tissue capsule which appears to be thicker in the rim of liver lobes than other area in the liver lobe. Liver parenchyma was arranged in an unlimited hepatic lobules, which composed of polygonal hepatocytes organized as irregular, radial interconnecting cords or laminae of one or two cells thickness around a central vein and separated by blood sinusoids. In the boundary of each lobule showed a portal area which consists of a branch of hepatic artery; one or more branches of hepatic vein and one to four branches of the bile duct which lining by cuboidal cells that characterized by their empty non-staining cytoplasm. The histochemical observation by using PAS staining in the current study revealed that the glycogen granules arranged close to the central vein and in the rim of liver lobules. Keywords: Birds, Liver morphology, liver histology.
Modification the ELISA Kit for diagnosis of “Pseudomonas aeruginosa and comparing it with ordinary ELISA kit”
Authors: Mohammad Taghreed A. , Mahdi Sawsan Abdul Hussain 
Published: July 2017

The first aim of the present study was to diagnosis Pseudomonas aeruginosa by many tests. This study consisted "200 patients " who suffered from burn wound and compare with 100 health individuals (male and female ) as a control group, Vitek test was used to diagnose 118 (87 "local isolate ATCC 15692" with 31 other isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ((ATCC 15690, ATCC 15688 )) from 200 samples which were taken from burn patients. This result was similar to Analytical profile index ( API ) test (118 isolates of P. aeruginosa with 82 isolations of other bacteria. Then the detection P. aeruginosa isolate ATCC 15692 by new ELISA Technique and comparing its with modify the ordinary ELISA kit.
Adjoint representations for SU(2), su(2) and sl(2)
Authors: Owaid Saad , Subhi Zainab 
Published: July 2017

This work, presents four kinds of adjoint representations for the special unitary matrix Lie group SU(2) and the special unitary, special linear matrix Lie algebras su(2) and sl(2). In the first two we assume the vector spaces as the matrix Lie algebras su(2) and sl(2), later cases obtained by exploiting the action of su(2) and sl(2) on themselves. Also, we compute their direct sums. The results have been displayed as Tables in a nice form.
Play-based Learning and Intentional Teaching: Forever Different?
Authors: Edwards Susan 
Published: July 2017

PLAY-BASED LEARNING IS a cornerstone of early childhood education provision. Play provides opportunities for young children to explore ideas, experiment with materials and express new understandings. Play can be solitary, quiet and reflective. Play can also be social, active and engaging. While play is commonly understood as the basis for learning in early childhood education, this is not always the situation in all settings. Cultural variations in learning and play suggest that social interactions and observational learning also create powerful pedagogical learning environments for young children. International and national research highlights the value of sustained and reflective interactions between children and educators in promoting children's learning. Increasingly, the notion of quality in play-based pedagogy invites educators to integrate traditional beliefs about play with new insights into the role of social interactions, modelling and relationships in young children's learning. Overseas, the movement towards quality play-based pedagogy reflects debate and policy initiatives captured by the notion of intentional teaching. In Australia, the Early Years Learning Framework makes explicit reference to intentional teaching. Intentional teaching arguably engages educators and children in shared thinking and problem solving to build the learning outcomes of young children. However, the pedagogical relationship between play-based learning and intentional teaching remains difficult to conceptualise. This is because the value placed on the exploratory potential of play-based learning can appear to be at odds with the role of intentional teaching in promoting knowledge development. This paper reaches beyond binary constructs of play and intentional teaching, and invites consideration of a new Pedagogical Play-framework for inspiring pedagogical and curriculum innovation in the early years. This paper was a keynote address at the 2016 Early Childhood Australia National Conference addressing the theme Inspire-be inspired to reach beyond quality.
Finite Element Analysis of Electrical Machines Used in Two-Frequency Indirect Temperature Rise Tests
Authors: E. Schlemmer  
Published: July 2017

Heat runs of large asynchronous machines (AM) are hardly ever conducted under load but with synthetic approaches, such as the two-frequency method. In its classical variant, the AM’s stator is fed by two series-connected synchronous machines (SM) with dif-ferent frequencies, for instance 50 and 40 Hz. While the 50 Hz voltage determines the AM’s flux, the 40 Hz source causes an AM stator current close to its rated value. Together, voltage and current yield approximately full load losses in the AM without mechanical loading. For designing the amortisseurs of the synchronous gene-rators, damper losses were calculated using the Finite Element method. Additionally, calculated full load AM losses were compared against their respective values for the two-frequency method.
Artificial Intelligence Techniques for Controlling PV- Wind Powered Rural Zone in Egypt
Authors: H. M. Fargli  , F. H. Fahmy  , M.A. H.EL-Sayed  
Published: July 2017

In remote areas, electricity could still be available if stand-alone renewable electricity power sources are used .One of the most promising applications of renewable energy technology is the installation of hybrid energy systems, where the cost of grid extension is prohibitive and the price of fuel increases drastically with the remoteness of the location. It has been demonstrated that hybrid energy systems can significantly reduce the total life cycle cost of stand-alone power supply, while at the same time providing a more reliable supply of electricity .Due to the high nonlinearity characterizing the PV-Wind hybrid system it would be impractical to develop rigorous mathematical model and at the same time obtain a simple and effective controller.In this paper, a control system, which includes either the Neural Network Controller (NNC) or the Fuzzy Logic. Controller (FLC) controller is developed for achieving the coordination between the components of a PV-Wind hybrid system as well as control the energy flows. The performance of the system is evaluated by comparing the performance of the system using the NNC and the FLC. Also, this work presents a complete mathematical modeling and MATLAB simulink model for the different components of the hybrid system.
Eficiencia en los mercados financieros y predicción de precios de los activos. Efficiency in financial markets and forecast of asset prices
Authors: Quiroga Eduardo 
Published: July 2017

El presente trabajo tiene por objeto analizar la eficiencia en los mercados financieros, para lo cual examina las posturas de los galardonados con el Premio Nobel de Economía 2013, quienes obtuvieron este reconocimiento por sus aportaciones empíricas respecto de la predicción del comportamiento de los precios de los activos financieros, desde fundamentos teóricos muy diferentes.
Se analiza la Teoría de los Mercados Eficientes de Eugene Fama, las conductas irracionales de los inversores y la generación de burbujas especulativas desde la perspectiva de Robert Shiller y los aportes de Lars Peter Hansen con el Modelo Generalizado de Momentos.
Se concluye que los mercados se vuelven más eficientes cuando los analistas más creen que son ineficientes y compiten en la búsqueda de información para tratar de beneficiarse de esa ineficiencia. Los analistas normalmente actúan sobre la base de mercados imperfectos, utilizando análisis técnico, realizando análisis fundamental y aceptando que existe información privilegiada; esta realidad hace que los mercados sean mucho más eficientes de lo que creen algunos inversores.
La eficiencia de los mercados es una verdad a medias, los precios de los activos financieros parecen reflejar con frecuencia su valor intrínseco hasta cierto punto y, en situaciones particulares, conductas irracionales generalizadas generan las burbujas.
Development of a Clinician-Rated Drop Vertical Jump Scale for Patients Undergoing Rehabilitation After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Delphi Approach
Authors: Gagnon Sheila S. , Birmingham Trevor B. , Chesworth Bert M. , Bryant Dianne , Werstine Melanie , Giffin J. Robert 
Published: July 2017

Study Design Delphi panel study. Background Biomechanical parameters measured during a drop vertical jump task are risk factors for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and are targeted during rehabilitation after ACL reconstruction. A clinically feasible tool that quantifies observed performance on the drop vertical jump would help inform treatment efforts. The content and scoring of such a tool should be deliberated on by a group of experts throughout its development. Objectives To establish consensus on the content and scoring of a clinician-rated drop vertical jump scale (DVJS) for use during rehabilitation after ACL reconstruction. Methods Using a modified Delphi process, a panel of experts (researchers and clinicians) on the risk factors, prevention, treatment, and biomechanics of ACL injury anonymously critiqued versions of a DVJS. The DVJS was developed iteratively, based on the feedback from the panel, using Likert scale responses to questions and providing written comments. Three to 5 rounds were planned a priori, with a requirement of 75% agreement on included items after the final round. Results Twenty of the 31 invited experts (65%) participated. Approximately 93% agreement was achieved after the fourth round. Final items on the scale included the rating of knee valgus collapse (no collapse to extreme collapse) and the presence of other undesirable movements, including lateral trunk lean, insufficient knee flexion, and limb-to-limb asymmetry. Conclusion The Delphi process resulted in a beta version of a DVJS. Expert consensus was achieved on its content and scoring to support further clinical testing of the scale. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2017;47(8):557–564. Epub 6 Jul 2017. doi:10.2519/jospt.2017.7183
The SPADI and QuickDASH Are Similarly Responsive in Patients Undergoing Physical Therapy for Shoulder Pain
Authors: Chester Rachel , Jerosch-Herold Christina , Lewis Jeremy , Shepstone Lee 
Published: July 2017

Study Design Prospective multicenter longitudinal cohort study. Background A key component of assessing clinical effectiveness is to compare instruments measuring similar outcomes and to select one that is sufficiently responsive. Despite their widespread use in reporting outcomes, the responsiveness of the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) and the shortened version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire (QuickDASH) has not been compared and reported within the same population. Objective To compare the responsiveness of the SPADI and QuickDASH in a single large cohort of patients. Methods Seven hundred sixty-seven patients referred to physical therapy with shoulder pain completed the SPADI and QuickDASH at baseline, 6 weeks, and 6 months. Patients who improved (improvers) and those who did not improve (nonimprovers) were defined using a 7-point global rating of change scale. Internal and external responsiveness was evaluated. Results For improvers, the effect size and standardized response mean were large (greater than 1.00) at 6 weeks for both the SPADI and QuickDASH and further increased for both measures at 6 months. For participants who worsened, negative effect sizes and standardized response means were larger at 6 weeks than at 6 months. The area under the curve was similar for both the SPADI (0.81) and QuickDASH (0.78), increasing to 0.85 for both at 6 months. Conclusion Both instruments are similarly able to discriminate between clinical improvers and nonimprovers at either follow-up point. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2017;47(8):538–547. Epub 6 Jul 2017. doi:10.2519/jospt.2017.7195
Evidence for Possible Clouds in Pluto’s Present-day Atmosphere
Authors: Stern S. A. , Kammer J. A. , Barth E. L. , Singer K. N. , Lauer T. R. , Hofgartner J. D. , Weaver H. A. , Ennico K. , Olkin C. B. , Young L. A. ,   The New Horizons LORRI Instrument Team,   The New Horizons Ralph Instrument Team,   The New Horizons Atmospheres Investigation Team
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Several trace constituents can reach saturation vapor pressure in Pluto’s present-day atmosphere (PDA). As such, we describe a search for discrete cloud features in Pluto’s atmosphere using New Horizons data obtained on 2015 July 14–15, during the Pluto flyby closest approach. We report that the PDA is at least largely (>99% by surface area) free of discrete clouds. We also report a handful of features that may plausibly be clouds, all of which were detected obliquely and at high-phase-angle observing geometry. No cloud candidates were identified away from the terminators or in low-phase (backscattering geometry) images.
Fossil Shell in 3C 84 as TeV γ-Ray Emitter and Cosmic-Ray Accelerator
Authors: Kino M. , Ito H. , Wajima K. , Kawakatu N. , Nagai H. , Itoh R. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
We explore physical properties of the shocked external medium (i.e., a shell) in 3C 84 associated with the recurrent radio lobe born around 1960. In the previous work of Ito et al., we investigated a dynamical and radiative evolution of such a shell after the central engine stops the jet launching, and we found that a fossil-shell emission overwhelms that of the rapidly fading radio lobe. We apply this model to 3C 84 and find the following. (1) The fossil shell made of shocked diffuse ambient matter with the number density of

radiates bright inverse-Compton (IC) emission with the seed photons of the radio emission from the central compact region and the IC emission is above the sensitivity threshold of the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA). (2) When the fossil shell is produced in a geometrically thick ionized plasma with the number density of

, the field strength in the shell may reach about 17 mG in the presence of magnetic fields amplification and the radio emission becomes comparable to the sensitivity of deep imaging VLBI observations. The possible production of ultra high-energy cosmic-rays (UHECRs) in the dense shocked plasma is also argued.
OGLE-2014-BLG-1112LB: A Microlensing Brown Dwarf Detected through the Channel of a Gravitational Binary-lens Event
Authors: Han C. , Udalski A. , Bozza V. , Szymański M. K. , Soszyński I. , Skowron J. , Mróz P. , Poleski R. , Pietrukowicz P. , Kozłowski S. , Ulaczyk K. , Wyrzykowski Ł. ,   (The OGLE Collaboration), Novati S. Calchi , D’Ago G. , Dominik M. , Hundertmark M. , Jorgensen U. G. , Scarpetta G. ,   (The MiNDSTEp Consortium)
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Due to the nature of the gravitational field, microlensing, in principle, provides an important tool for detecting faint and even dark brown dwarfs. However, the number of identified brown dwarfs is limited due to the difficulty of the lens mass measurement that is needed to check the substellar nature of the lensing object. In this work, we report a microlensing brown dwarf discovered from an analysis of the gravitational binary-lens event OGLE-2014-BLG-1112. We identify the brown dwarf nature of the lens companion by measuring the lens mass from the detections of both microlens-parallax and finite-source effects. We find that the companion has a mass of

and it is orbiting a solar-type primary star with a mass of

. The estimated projected separation between the lens components is 9.63 ± 1.33 au and the distance to the lens is 4.84 ± 0.67 kpc. We discuss the usefulness of space-based microlensing observations for detecting brown dwarfs through the channel of binary-lens events.
Empirical Constraints on the Origin of Fast Radio Bursts: Volumetric Rates and Host Galaxy Demographics as a Test of Millisecond Magnetar Connection
Authors: Nicholl M. , Williams P. K. G. , Berger E. , Villar V. A. , Alexander K. D. , Eftekhari T. , Metzger B. D. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The localization of the repeating fast radio burst (FRB) 121102 to a low-metallicity dwarf galaxy at z = 0.193, and its association with a luminous quiescent radio source, suggests the possibility that FRBs originate from magnetars, formed by the unusual supernovae that occur in such galaxies. We investigate this possibility via a comparison of magnetar birth rates, the FRB volumetric rate, and host galaxy demographics. We calculate average volumetric rates of possible millisecond magnetar production channels, such as superluminous supernovae (SLSNe), long and short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), and general magnetar production via core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe). For each channel, we also explore the expected host galaxy demographics using their known properties. We determine for the first time the number density of FRB emitters (the product of their volumetric birth rate and lifetime),

Gpc−3, assuming that FRBs are predominantly emitted from repetitive sources similar to FRB 121102 and adopting a beaming factor of 0.1. By comparing rates, we find that production via rare channels (SLSNe, GRBs) implies a typical FRB lifetime of ∼30–300 years, in good agreement with other lines of argument. The total energy emitted over this time is consistent with the available energy stored in the magnetic field. On the other hand, any relation to magnetars produced via normal CCSNe leads to a very short lifetime of ∼0.5 years, in conflict with both theory and observation. We demonstrate that due to the diverse host galaxy distributions of the different progenitor channels, many possible sources of FRB birth can be ruled out with

host galaxy identifications. Conversely, targeted searches of galaxies that have previously hosted decades-old SLSNe and GRBs may be a fruitful strategy for discovering new FRBs and related quiescent radio sources, and determining the nature of their progenitors.
Corneal Asphericity and IOL Power Calculation in Eyes With Aspherical IOLs
Authors: Savini Giacomo , Hoffer Kenneth J. , Barboni Piero , Schiano Lomoriello Domenico , Ducoli Pietro 
Published: July 2017

PURPOSE:
Given that a previous study found that corneal asphericity influences the refractive outcome of intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation by means of thin-lens formulas in eyes with spherical IOLs, the authors aimed to verify whether such influence can also be observed in eyes with aspherical IOLs.

METHODS:
In this retrospective comparative case series, IOL power was calculated with the Haigis, Hoffer Q, Holladay 1, and SRK/T formulas in two groups of eyes undergoing phacoemulsification and implantation of an aspherical IOL (Acrysof SN60WF; Alcon Laboratories, Inc., Fort Worth, TX). For each formula, the refractive prediction error was calculated once the constants had been optimized. Biometric data were obtained by partial coherence interferometry in one group and immersion ultrasound biometry and corneal topography in the other. Corneal asphericity was assessed by two different corneal topographers in the optical biometry group (Magellan; Nidek, Gamagori, Japan) and ultrasound biometry group (Keratron, Optikon 2000 Spa, Rome, Italy).

RESULTS:
The mean Q-value was −0.12 ± 0.08 in the optical biometry group (n = 51) and −0.22 ± 0.14 in the ultrasound biometry group (n = 79). In both groups, linear regression disclosed a statistically significant correlation between the Q-value and the prediction error (the only exception being the SRK/T formula). More negative Q-values were correlated to a positive prediction error, indicating a myopic outcome for prolate corneas. However, the correlation coefficients were lower than those previously reported for spherical IOLs.

CONCLUSIONS:
Corneal asphericity also influences the refractive outcomes of IOL power calculation by thinlens formulas when aspherical IOLs are implanted, although this influence is exerted to a lesser degree compared to spherical IOLs.

[
J Refract Surg.
2017;33(7):476–481.]
Bean-shaped Ring Segments as a Capsule Enhancement Tool in Complex Bag-in-the-Lens Intraocular Lens Implantation
Authors: Altenburg Ate , Ní Dhubhghaill Sorcha S. , Tassignon Marie-José 
Published: July 2017

PURPOSE:
To describe the outcome of a novel capsular or sulcular device to support the bag-in-the-lens (BIL) implant in cases of capsular or zonular instability. Bean-shaped ring segments or ‘beans’ (Morcher GmbH, Stuttgart, Germany) are designed to fit the groove of the BIL and may be placed in either the capsule or the ciliary sulcus in cataract cases with loose zonules or unstable capsule.

METHODS:
This was a retrospective single center observational study of all consecutive cases of bean implantation between May 2011 and April 2015.

RESULTS:
Sixty-four eyes of 57 patients were included in this study. Beans were used to support the BIL implant in all cases. Surgical technique, positioning, visual outcomes, refractive outcomes, and complications were evaluated in all cases. The beans were implanted in 23 eyes after IOL exchange, 14 eyes with crystalline lens dislocation, 12 eyes presenting with traumatic cataract, 8 eyes presenting with unstable capsules, and 7 eyes with postoperative visual complaints due to an unstable BIL implant. The mean increase in visual acuity was 0.35 decimal Snellen for the total cohort. Visual gain was highest in the crystalline lens dislocation (0.43 decimal Snellen) and traumatic cataract (0.41 decimal Snellen) groups. Best refractive outcomes were achieved in the traumatic cataract and intraocular lens exchange groups (0.73 and 0.80 diopters mean deviation from target refraction, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS:
Bean-shaped ring segments are a useful tool to augment the stability of the capsule/zonular complex, expanding the indications of patients who can be treated with the BIL implant.

[
J Refract Surg.
2017;33(7):454–459.]