bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The validity of DSM‐5 severity specifiers for anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge‐eating disorder
Authors: Smith Kathryn E. , Ellison Jo M. , Crosby Ross D. , Engel Scott G. , Mitchell James E. , Crow Scott J. , Peterson Carol B. , Le Grange Daniel , Wonderlich Stephen A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe DSM‐5 includes severity specifiers (i.e., mild, moderate, severe, extreme) for anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge‐eating disorder (BED), which are determined by weight status (AN) and frequencies of binge‐eating episodes (BED) or inappropriate compensatory behaviors (BN). Given limited data regarding the validity of eating disorder (ED) severity specifiers, this study examined the concurrent and predictive validity of severity specifiers in AN, BN, and BED.MethodAdults with AN (n = 109), BN (n = 76), and BED (n = 216) were identified from previous datasets. Concurrent validity was assessed by measures of ED psychopathology, depression, anxiety, quality of life, and physical health. Predictive validity was assessed by ED symptoms at the end of the treatment in BN and BED.ResultsSeverity categories did not differ in baseline validators, though the mild AN group evidenced greater ED symptoms compared to the severe group. In BN, greater severity was related to greater end of treatment binge‐eating and compensatory behaviors, and lower likelihood of abstinence; however, in BED, greater severity was related to lower ED symptoms at the end of the treatment.DiscussionResults demonstrated limited support for the validity of DSM‐5 severity specifiers. Future research is warranted to explore additional validators and possible alternative indicators of severity in EDs.
Effect of habitat degradation on competition, carrying capacity, and species assemblage stability
Authors: Calizza Edoardo , Costantini Maria Letizia , Careddu Giulio , Rossi Loreto 
Published: June 2017

AbstractChanges in species’ trophic niches due to habitat degradation can affect intra‐ and interspecific competition, with implications for biodiversity persistence. Difficulties of measuring species’ interactions in the field limit our comprehension of competition outcomes along disturbance gradients. Thus, information on how habitat degradation can destabilize food webs is scarce, hindering predictions regarding responses of multispecies systems to environmental changes. Seagrass ecosystems are undergoing degradation. We address effects of Posidonia oceanica coverage reduction on the trophic organization of a macroinvertebrate community in the Tyrrhenian Sea (Italy), hypothesizing increased trophic generalism, niche overlap among species and thus competition and decreased community stability due to degraded conditions. Census data, isotopic analysis, and Bayesian mixing models were used to quantify the trophic niches of three abundant invertebrate species, and intra‐ and interspecific isotopic and resource‐use similarity across locations differing in seagrass coverage. This allowed the computation of (1) competition strength, with respect to each other and remaining less abundant species and (2) habitat carrying capacity. To explore effects of the spatial scale on the interactions, we considered both individual locations and the entire study area (“‘meadow scale”). We observed that community stability and habitat carrying capacity decreased as P. oceanica coverage declined, whereas niche width, similarity of resource use and interspecific competition strength between species increased. Competition was stronger, and stability lower, at the meadow scale than at the location scale. Indirect effects of competition and the spatial compartmentalization of species interactions increased stability. Results emphasized the importance of trophic niche modifications for understanding effects of habitat loss on biodiversity persistence. Calculation of competition coefficients based on isotopic distances is a promising tool for describing competitive interactions in real communities, potentially extendible to any subset of ecological niche axes for which specimens’ positions and pairwise distances can be obtained.
Characterization of natural variation in North American Atlantic Salmon populations (Salmonidae: Salmo salar) at a locus with a major effect on sea age
Authors: Kusche Henrik , Côté Guillaume , Hernandez Cécilia , Normandeau Eric , Boivin‐Delisle Damien , Bernatchez Louis 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAge at maturity is a key life‐history trait of most organisms. In anadromous salmonid fishes such as Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar), age at sexual maturity is associated with sea age, the number of years spent at sea before the spawning migration. For the first time, we investigated the presence of two nonsynonymous vgll3 polymorphisms in North American Atlantic Salmon populations that relate to sea age in European salmon and quantified the natural variation at these and two additional candidate SNPs from two other genes. A targeted resequencing assay was developed and 1,505 returning adult individuals of size‐inferred sea age and sex from four populations were genotyped. Across three of four populations sampled in Québec, Canada, the late‐maturing component (MSW) of the population of a given sex exhibited higher proportions of SNP genotypes 54Thrvgll3 and 323Lysvgll3 compared to early‐maturing fish (1SW), for example, 85% versus 53% of females from Trinité River carried 323Lysvgll3 (nMSW = 205 vs. n1SW = 30; p < .001). However, the association between vgll3 polymorphism and sea age was more pronounced in females than in males in the rivers we studied. Logistic regression analysis of vgll3 SNP genotypes revealed increased probabilities of exhibiting higher sea age for 54Thrvgll3 and 323Lysvgll3 genotypes compared to alternative genotypes, depending on population and sex. Moreover, individuals carrying the heterozygous vgll3 SNP genotypes were more likely (>66%) to be female. In summary, two nonsynonymous vgll3 polymorphisms were confirmed in North American populations of Atlantic Salmon and our results suggest that variation at those loci correlates with sea age and sex. Our results also suggest that this correlation varies among populations. Future work would benefit from a more balanced sampling and from adding data on juvenile riverine life stages to contrast our data.
Clinical presentation at first heart failure hospitalization does not predict recurrent heart failure admission
Authors: Kosztin Annamaria , Costa Jason , Moss Arthur J. , Biton Yitschak , Nagy Vivien Klaudia , Solomon Scott D. , Geller Laszlo , McNitt Scott , Polonsky Bronislava , Merkely Bela , Kutyifa Valentina 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAimsThere are limited data on whether clinical presentation at first heart failure (HF) hospitalization predicts recurrent HF events. We aimed to assess predictors of recurrent HF hospitalizations in mild HF patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator or cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator.Methods and resultsData on HF hospitalizations were prospectively collected for patients enrolled in MADIT‐CRT. Predictors of recurrent HF hospitalization (HF2) after the first HF hospitalization were assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression models including baseline covariates and clinical presentation or management at first HF hospitalization. There were 193 patients with first HF hospitalization, and 156 patients with recurrent HF events. Recurrent HF rate after the first HF hospitalization was 43% at 1 year, 52% at 2 years, and 55% at 2.5 years. Clinical signs and symptoms, medical treatment, or clinical management of HF at first HF admission was not predictive for HF2. Baseline covariates predicting recurrent HF hospitalization included prior HF hospitalization (HR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.15–2.20, P = 0.005), digitalis therapy (HR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.13–2.20, P = 0.008), and left ventricular end‐diastolic volume >240 mL (HR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.17–2.25, P = 0.004).ConclusionsRecurrent HF events are frequent following the first HF hospitalization in patients with implanted implantable cardioverter defibrillator or cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator. Neither clinical presentation nor clinical management during first HF admission was predictive of recurrent HF. Prior HF hospitalization, digitalis therapy, and left ventricular end‐diastolic volume at enrolment predicted recurrent HF hospitalization, and these covariates could be used as surrogate markers for identifying a high‐risk cohort.
“The Last Block of Ice”: Trauma Literature in the High School Classroom
Authors: Moore Amber , Begoray Deborah 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis article explores the potential of using trauma literature in the secondary high school classroom, drawing from a case study that explored grade 10 secondary students’ responses to a trauma story. These responses were primarily collected from their digital writing and reveal a number of interesting findings, including the expression of anger and aggression in their writing, discussions of combating depression, and engaging in supportive communication. In addition, some students did not address some expected topics, so there were some interesting silences that emerged in the study.
Enhancing Digital Literacy and Learning Among Adults With Blogs
Authors: Sharp Laurie A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDigital literacy and learning among adults has been identified as an area requiring research. The purpose of the present study was to explore technology acceptance and digital collaborative learning experiences with blogs among adult learners. This analysis employed a quasi‐experimental mixed‐methods approach guided by a sociocultural theoretical framework. Participants were graduate students (n = 46), and data were collected through pre‐ and postsurvey instruments. Quantitative analyses were conducted using paired sample t‐tests, which revealed statistically significant findings regarding determinants of technology acceptance. Qualitative analyses were conducted using grounded theory analytic techniques, which revealed four core conceptual categories: cautionary aspects and constraints, personal and communal dimensions, learner dispositions, and affordances. A discussion of these categories and examples of supportive data was provided. Based on these findings, implications for adult educators are described regarding strategies to enhance technology acceptance and the design of digital collaborative learning experiences among adult learners.
In vivo characterisation of a therapeutically relevant self‐assembling 18F‐labelled β‐sheet forming peptide and its hydrogel using positron emission tomography
Authors: Morris O. , Elsawy M.A. , Fairclough M. , Williams K.J. , Mcmahon A. , Grigg J. , Forster D. , Miller A.F. , Saiani A. , Prenant C. 
Published: June 2017

Positron emission tomography (PET) and fluorescence labelling have been used to assess the pharmacokinetics, biodistribution and eventual fate of a hydrogel‐forming nonapeptide, FEFKFEFKK (F9), in healthy mice, using 18F‐labelled and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)‐labelled F9 analogues. F9 was site‐specifically radiolabelled with 2‐[18F]fluoro‐3‐pyridinecarboxaldehyde ([18F]FPCA) via oxime bond formation. [18F]FPCA‐F9 in vivo fate was evaluated both as a solution, following intravenous administration, and as a hydrogel when subcutaneously injected. The behaviour of FITC‐F9 hydrogel was assessed following subcutaneous injection. [18F]FPCA‐F9 demonstrated high plasma stability and primarily renal excretion; [18F]FPCA‐F9 when in solution and injected into the bloodstream displayed prompt bladder uptake (53.4 ± 16.6 SUV at 20 minutes postinjection) and rapid renal excretion, whereas [18F]FPCA‐F9 hydrogel, formed by co‐assembly of [18F]FPCA‐F9 monomer with unfunctionalised F9 peptide and injected subcutaneously, showed gradual bladder accumulation of hydrogel fragments (3.8 ± 0.4 SUV at 20 minutes postinjection), resulting in slower renal excretion. Gradual disaggregation of the F9 hydrogel from the site of injection was monitored using FITC‐F9 hydrogel in healthy mice (60 ± 3 over 96 hours), indicating a biological half‐life between 1 and 4 days. The in vivo characterisation of F9, both as a gel and a solution, highlights its potential as a biomaterial.
Vincristine‐induced neuropathy in pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Oman: Frequent autonomic and more severe cranial nerve involvement
Authors: Nazir Hanan F. , AlFutaisi Amna , Zacharia Mathew , Elshinawy Mohamed , Mevada Surekha T. , Alrawas Abdulhakim , Khater Doaa , Jaju Deepali , Wali Yasser 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundVincristine (VCR) induced peripheral neuropathy is a common complication in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).ProceduresA retrospective data analysis over an interval of 10 years (2006–2016) of all children with ALL seen at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital was carried out. Electronic medical records of eligible patients were reviewed. Patients with clinical evidence of neuropathy and abnormal nerve conduction studies (NCSs) were included in the study.ResultsNineteen (nine females and 10 males) out of 103 pediatric patients developed VCR‐related neuropathy, and their age ranged between 2.5 and 14 years. Symptoms started after 2–11 doses of VCR. All 19 patients had documented peripheral neuropathy on NCSs. The autonomic nervous system and cranial nerves affection was relatively common in our patients; two presented with bradycardia, two patients with unexplained tachycardia, and five had abdominal pain and constipation, complicated by typhlitis in two patients. One patient developed unilateral hearing loss. Two patients developed severe life‐threatening cranial nerve involvement with bilateral ptosis and recurrent laryngeal nerve involvement presented as vocal cord paralysis, hoarseness of voice, frequent chocking, and aspiration episodes.ConclusionsPeripheral neuropathy was the commonest form of VCR‐related neuropathy. Autonomic neuropathy was relatively common in our patients. Cranial neuropathy is a serious side effect of VCR that can be severe, involving multiple cranial nerves and needs prompt recognition and management. Concomitant administration of pyridoxine and pyridostigmine does not seem to protect against further neurological damage in some patients.
Anti‐mutagenic Properties of Mono‐ and Dienoic Acid Biohydrogenation Products from Beef Fat
Authors: Visvalingam Jeyachchandran , Vahmani Payam , Rolland David C. , Dugan Michael E. R. , Yang Xianqin 
Published: June 2017

AbstractUnsaturated fatty acid biohydrogenation products from beef fat and pure fatty acids were subjected to the Ames Salmonella mutagenicity testing, including monounsaturated fatty acids [MUFA: oleic acid, vaccenic acid, elaidic acid; beef fatty acid fractions rich in trans (t)11/t13‐t14‐18:1 (t11,13,14‐Frac), t10‐18:1 (t10‐Frac)] and dienoic fatty acids [linoleic acid, conjugated linoleic isomers cis (c)9,t11‐18:2 and t10,c12‐18:2, and a mixed beef dienoic fatty acid fraction high in c9,t13‐/t8,c12/t11c15‐18:2 (MD)]. Significantly higher anti‐mutagenic effects of oleic acid, vaccenic acid, t11, 13, 14‐Frac, and t10‐Frac against daunomycin were observed at 2.5 mg. All dienoic acids except MD significantly reduced daunomycin mutagenicity at ≥0.25 mg. Anti‐mutagenicity of oleic and vaccenic acids against 2‐aminoanthracene was found at 2.5 and 0.25 mg, respectively. All dienoic acids significantly reduced 2‐aminoanthracene mutagenicity at ≥0.25 mg. Findings of this study show that unsaturated fatty acids, including trans‐fatty acids commonly found in beef, can act as strong anti‐mutagens.
In Vitro Biotransformation, Safety, and Chemopreventive Action of Novel 8-Methoxy-Purine-2,6-Dione Derivatives
Authors: Marć Małgorzata Anna , Domínguez-Álvarez Enrique , Słoczyńska Karolina , Żmudzki Paweł , Chłoń-Rzepa Grażyna , Pękala Elżbieta 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMetabolic stability, mutagenicity, antimutagenicity, and the ability to scavenge free radicals of four novel 8-methoxy-purine-2,6-dione derivatives (compounds 1–4) demonstrating analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties were determined. Metabolic stability was evaluated in Cunninghamella and microsomal models, mutagenic and antimutagenic properties were assessed using the Ames and the Vibrio harveyi tests, and free radical scavenging activity was evaluated with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay. In the Cunninghamella model, compound 2 did not undergo any biotransformation; whereas 3 and 4 showed less metabolic stability: 1–9 and 53–88% of the parental compound, respectively, underwent biotransformation reactions in different Cunninghamella strains. The metabolites detected after the biotransformation of 3 and 4 were aromatic hydroxylation and N-dealkylation products. On the other hand, the N-dealkylation product was the only metabolite formed in microsome assay. Additionally, these derivatives do not possess mutagenic potential in microbiological models (Vibrio harveyi and Salmonella typhimurium) considered. Moreover, all compounds showed a strong chemopreventive activity in the modified Vibrio harveyi strains BB7X and BB7M. However, radical scavenging activity was not the mechanism which explained the observed chemopreventive activity.
Prevalence of Bleeding Complications Following Ultrasound‐Guided Botulinum Toxin Injections in Patients on Anticoagulation or Antiplatelet Therapy
Authors: LaVallee Jeffrey , Royer Regan , Smith Geoffrey 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundPatients receiving anticoagulation or antiplatelet therapy may be at higher risk for bleeding complications following intramuscular chemodenervation injections. Musculoskeletal ultrasound may be able to reduce the risk of bleeding complications by providing real‐time visualization of vascular structures and postinjection monitoring. Limited data exist addressing the risk of bleeding complications following ultrasound‐guided botulinum neurotoxin intramuscular chemodenervation procedures in the setting of anticoagulation or antiplatelet therapy.ObjectiveTo provide initial outcome data regarding bleeding complications in patients on anticoagulation or antiplatelet therapy who have received ultrasound‐guided botulinum neurotoxin intramuscular chemodenervation procedures.DesignRetrospective, medical record review.SettingAcademic institution outpatient spasticity clinic.ParticipantsTotal of 328 ultrasound‐guided intramuscular botulinum toxin injections performed in 15 patients (mean age 53.8 years) with the predominant indication for chemodenervation being spastic paresis secondary to stroke.MethodsThe medical records of all patients undergoing ultrasound‐guided intramuscular chemodenervation procedures performed between July 1, 2011, and October 16, 2015, were reviewed for demographic information, details regarding anticoagulation therapy, procedure specifics, and postinjection bleeding complications. All patients had a postinjection ultrasound to screen for hematoma.Main Outcome MeasuresPrevalence of clinically significant bleeding complications and of sonographically documented subclinical bleeding complications following ultrasound‐guided chemodenervation procedures in patients on anticoagulation or antiplatelet therapy.ResultsOf 328 procedures, only 2 subclinical hematomas were detected, resulting in a bleeding complication rate of 0.61% in this patient population. The target muscles in these cases were tibialis posterior and pronator teres, and both cases were in patients on anticoagulation therapy (as opposed to antiplatelet therapy).ConclusionsThe risk of clinically significant bleeding complication appears to be very small following ultrasound‐guided intramuscular chemodenervation procedures in the setting of systemic anticoagulation or antiplatelet therapy.Level of EvidenceIV
Association of Hip Radiograph Findings With Pain and Function in Patients Presenting With Low Back Pain
Authors: Prather Heidi , Cheng Abby , Steger‐May Karen , Maheshwari Vaibhav , VanDillen Linda 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundRelationships between low back pain (LBP) and the hip in patient cohorts have been described primarily in patients with moderate to severe hip osteoarthritis (OA). Less is known about the links of LBP with hip radiographic findings of hip deformity and minimal OA.ObjectiveTo describe the incidence of radiographic hip deformity or hip OA; to describe and compare spine‐ and hip‐related pain and function in the subset of patients who were found to have radiographic hip deformity or hip OA; and to compare patients with evidence of radiographic hip deformity or hip OA to patients without hip radiographic findings.DesignProspective cohort study with cross‐sectional design.SettingTertiary university.PatientsA total of 63 patients (40 women, 23 men) with a mean age of 48.5 ± 14 years with LBP and a minimum of one positive provocative hip test.MethodsHip radiographs were assessed by an independent examiner for hip OA and deformity.Main Outcome MeasurementsComparisons of hip and lumbar spine pain and function were completed for patients with radiographic findings of hip OA or deformity.ResultsModerate to severe hip OA was found in 12 of 60 patients (20.0%). At least one measurement of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) was found in 14 of 60 patients (23.3%) to 33 of 45 patients (73.3%). At least one measurement of developmental hip dysplasia (DDH) was found in 7 of 60 patients (11.6%) to 11 of 63 patients (17.4%). Greater pain and reduced hip and lumbar spine function were found in the patients with moderate to severe hip OA. Patients with LBP and FAI were found to have significantly greater extremes of pain and reduced lumbar spine function.ConclusionLinks between the hip and the spine affecting pain and function may be found in patients with LBP and hip deformity and before the onset of radiographic hip OA, and may be associated with hip deformity. Further investigation is needed to better understand these links and their potential impact on prognosis and treatment of LBP.Level of EvidenceII