bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Structure of Cilium Inner Junctions Revealed by Electron Cryo-tomography
Authors: Li Sam , Fernandez Jose-Jesus , Ruehle Marisa D. , Howard-Till Rachel A. , Fabritius Amy , Pearson Chad G. , Agard David A. , Winey Mark E. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe cilium is a microtubule-based organelle critical for many cellular functions. Its assembly initiates at a basal body and continues as an axoneme that projects out of the cell to form a functional cilium. This assembly process is tightly regulated. However, our knowledge of the molecular architecture and the mechanism of assembly is limited. By applying electron cryo-tomography and subtomogram averaging, we obtained subnanometer resolution structures of the inner junction in three distinct regions of the cilium: the proximal region of the basal body, the central core of the basal body, and the flagellar axoneme. The structures allowed us to identify several basal body and axoneme components. While a few proteins are distributed throughout the entire length of the organelle, many are restricted to particular regions of the cilium, forming intricate local interaction networks and bolstering local structural stability. Finally, by knocking out a critical basal body inner junction component Poc1, we found the triplet MT was destabilized, resulting in a defective structure. Surprisingly, several axoneme-specific components were found to “infiltrate” into the mutant basal body. Our findings provide molecular insight into cilium assembly at its inner junctions, underscoring its precise spatial regulation.
Non-allometric expansion and enhanced compartmentalization of Purkinje cell dendrites in the human cerebellum
Authors: Busch Silas E. , Hansel Christian 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPurkinje cell (PC) dendrites are optimized to integrate the vast cerebellar input array and drive the sole cortical output. PCs are classically seen as stereotypical computational units, yet mouse PCs are morphologically diverse and those with multi-branched structure can receive non-canonical climbing fiber (CF) multi-innervation that confers independent compartment-specific signaling. While otherwise uncharacterized, human PCs are universally multi-branched. Do they exceed allometry to achieve enhanced integrative capacities relative to mouse PCs? To answer this, we used several comparative histology techniques in adult human and mouse to analyze cellular morphology, parallel fiber (PF) and CF input arrangement, and regional PC demographics. Human PCs are substantially larger than previously described; they exceed allometric constraint by cortical thickness and are the largest neuron in the brain with 6-7cm total dendritic length. Unlike mouse, human PC dendrites ramify horizontally to form a multi-compartment motif that we show can receive multiple CFs. Human spines are denser (6.9 vs 4.9 spines/μm), larger (∼0.36 vs 0.29μm), and include an unreported ‘spine cluster’ structure—features that may be congruent with enhanced PF association and amplification as human-specific adaptations. By extrapolation, human PCs may receive 500,000 to 1 million synaptic inputs compared with 30-40,000 in mouse. Collectively, human PC morphology and input arrangement is quantitatively and qualitatively distinct from rodent. Multi-branched PCs are more prevalent in posterior and lateral cerebellum, co-varying with functional boundaries, supporting the hypothesis that this morphological motif permits expanded input multiplexing and may subserve task-dependent needs for input association.
Early events in midzone formation stabilize nascent bipolar spindles
Authors: Sim Shannon , Moore Sean , Al-Naemi Khalid , El-Hajj Ziad , Vogel Jackie 
Published: September 2024

SUMMARYThe formation of a stable mitotic spindle is critical to the accurate partitioning of the chromosomes during mitosis. Interpolar microtubules of the spindle midzone consist of antiparallel microtubules crosslinked by kinesin-5 and stabilize the spindle by opposing forces produced when sister chromatids are attached to microtubules and under tension. Despite the importance of the interpolar microtubules, how and when they form and what determines their number remain unknown. In this study, we report that a γ-tubulin mutation (γtub-Y445D) disrupts the localization of kinesin-5 and the formation of the interpolar microtubules, resulting in spindle instability. We find that kinesin-5 crosslinking is intact in this mutant, but that it is incapable of the subsequent kinesin-5 microtubule sliding needed to stabilize the nascent spindle. Early activation of the PRC1 homolog Ase1 restores nascent spindle stability to the γtub-Y445D mutant but cannot stabilize spindles during centromere attachment. Our work shows that midzone assembly begins with the formation of interpolar microtubule precursors in monopolar spindles that persist until early metaphase and limit the formation of kinetochore attachments in new spindles.
Characterization and Antiatherogenic Potential of P3R99 Monoclonal Antibody Against Sulfated Glycosaminoglycans: Physicochemical and Functional Insights
Authors: Valencia Leidy M. , Martínez-Montano Yoandra , Gómez José A. , Sarduy Roger , Hernández Arletty , Proctor Spencer , Fernández-Calienes Aymé , Brito Víctor , Soto Yosdel 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTAtherosclerosis is initiated by the retention of ApoB-containing lipoproteins in the arterial wall, mediated by glycosaminoglycan chains of proteoglycans. At the Center for Molecular Immunology, we are developing the P3R99 monoclonal antibody (mAb) to target this process. This study characterizes new P3R99 mAb variants expressed in CHO-K1 and HEK-293 cell lines. We compared these variants with the parental mAb from NS0 cells using SDS-PAGE, size exclusion and cation exchange chromatography, dynamic light scattering, peptide mapping, far-UV circular dichroism, and PNGase F deglycosylation. All variants exhibited a molecular size of ∼150 kDa, ∼99% purity, and similar average particle sizes (12.5-13.7 nm). They displayed a high β-sheet content (>40%) and basic amino acids on the surface, with minor differences in peptide maps compared to the parental mAb. Notable differences were found in the content of acidic and basic species and glycosylation profiles. NS0-derived P3R99 had lower G0F content (10.39%), higher G1F (38.29%) and G2F (30.44%) levels, with more terminal galactose (83.07%) and sialylation (15.33%). In contrast, CHO-K1 and HEK-293 variants showed similar glycosylation patterns. Despite these differences, the antigen and atherosclerotic lesion recognition properties of the mAb were unaffectedin vitro. Biodistribution studies in Sprague Dawley rats (1 mg, IV, n=3) revealed preferential accumulation of the new P3R99 variants in aortas and reduced LDL arterial retention (1 mg, IP). Passive administration of the mAbs (2 mg every three days, three IV doses, n=6-7) in a Lipofundin 20%-induced atherosclerosis NZW rabbit model also demonstrated preferential accumulation in aortas and reduced atherosclerosis, with 60% of treated rabbits not developing lesions. These results suggest that the P3R99 mAb derived from CHO-K1 and HEK-293 cells retains its antiatherogenic properties despite structural differences from the NS0-derived mAb associated with the different expression systems.
Effect of Polygenic Scores on the Relationship Between Psychosis and Cognitive Performance
Authors: Varney Lauren , Jedlovszky Krisztina , Wang Baihan , Murtough Stephen , Cotic Marius , Richards-Belle Alvin , Khani Noushin Saadullah , Lau Robin , Abidoph Rosemary , McQuillin Andrew , Thygesen Johan , Alizadeh Behrooz Z. , Bender Stephan , Crespo-Facorro Benedicto , Hall Jeremy , Iyegbe Conrad , Kravariti Eugenia , Lawrie Stephen M , Mata Ignacio , McDonald Colm , Murray Robin M , Prata Diana P , Toulopoulou Timothea , van Haren Neeltje , Bramon Elvira 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundUp to 80% of psychosis patients experience cognitive impairment. High heritability of both psychosis and cognition means cognitive performance could be an endophenotype for psychosis.MethodsUsing samples of adults (N=4,506) and children (N=10,981), we investigated the effect of polygenic scores (PGSs) for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder on cognitive performance, and PGSs for intelligence and educational attainment on psychosis symptoms.ResultsSchizophrenia PGS was negatively associated with visuospatial processing/problem-solving in the adult sample (beta: −0.0569; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.0926, −0.0212) and working memory (beta: −0.0432; 95% CI: −0.0697, −0.0168), processing speed (b: −0.0491; 95% CI: −0.0760, −0.0223), episodic memory (betas: −0.0581 to −0.0430; 95% CIs: −0.0847 to −0.0162), executive functioning (beta: −0.0423; 95% CI: −0.0692, −0.0155), fluid intelligence (beta: −0.0583; 95% CI: −0.0847, −0.0320), and total intelligence (beta: −0.0458; 95% CI: −0.0709, −0.0206) in the child sample. Bipolar disorder PGS was not associated with any cognitive endophenotypes studied. Lower values on the PGS for intelligence were associated with higher odds of psychosis in adults (odds ratio [OR]: 0.886; 95% CI: 0.811– 0.968) and psychotic-like experiences in children (OR: 0.829; 95% CI: 0.777–0.884). In children, a lower polygenic score for educational attainment was associated with greater odds of psychotic-like experiences (OR: 0.771; 95% CI: 0.724–0.821).ConclusionsThe relationship between psychosis and cognitive impairment can be demonstrated bidirectionally at the neurobiological level. The effect of schizophrenia PGS on cognitive performance differs across the lifespan and cognitive domains. Specific cognitive domains may therefore be better endophenotypes than overall cognition.
Reactivation of Human Herpesvirus 6 and Epstein-Barr Virus in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis: association with disabilities, disease progression, and inflammatory processes
Authors: Almulla Abbas F. , Vojdani Aristo , Zhang Yingqian , Vojdani Elroy , Maes Michael 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder affecting the central nervous system (CNS). Reactivation of Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is observed in MS.ObjectivesThis study investigates immunoglobulins (Ig)G, IgM, and IgA directed against EBV nuclear antigen EBNA-366-406, HHV-6 and EBV deoxyuridine-triphosphatase (dUTPase), and different immune profiles in 58 patients with relapsing remitting MS (RRMS) compared to 60 healthy controls.MethodsWe employed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) to measure the immunoglobulins to viral antigens. Multiplex immunoassays were used to measure cytokines, chemokines and growth factor levels that were used to compute immune profiles, including M1 macrophage, T helper (Th)-1, Th-17, and overall immune activation. We assessed disabilities using the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and disease progression using the Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score (MSSS).ResultsIgG/IgA/IgM directed to the three viral antigens were significantly higher in RRMS than in controls. RRMS was significantly discriminated from controls by using IgG and IgM against HHV-6 dUTPase, yielding an accuracy of 91.5% (sensitivity=87.3% and specificity=95.2%). Neural network analysis showed that using IgG to EBV-dUTPase, IgM to EBV-dUTPase, and immune profiles yielded an area under the ROC curve of 1 and a predictive accuracy of 97.1%. There were strong associations between IgG/IgM responses to HHV-6 and EBV-dUTPases and the EDSS/MSSS scores and aberrations in M1, Th-17, profiles, and overall immune activation.ConclusionsHHV-6 and EBV reactivation play a key role in RRMS and these effects are mediated by activation of cytokine profiles.
Characterisation of cell cycle checkpoint kinases inToxoplasma gondii
Authors: Johnson Monique K. , Chelaghma Sara , Koreny Ludek , Waller Ross F. , Merrick Catherine J. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTToxoplasma gondiiis a protozoan parasite in the apicomplexan phylum. Apicomplexan parasites replicate using a variety of non-canonical cell division modes, distinct from binary fission, whose molecular regulation is incompletely understood.T. gondiireplicates by endodyogeny in its intermediate hosts, and by schizogony in its definitive host. To improve our understanding of how these unusual, flexible cell division modes are regulated, we characterised theT. gondiihomologues of the cell-cycle checkpoint kinases ATM and ATR. These phosphoinositol-3-kinase-like kinases are entirely absent in some related parasites includingPlasmodium; inT. gondiithey are present but their putative checkpoint roles were uncharacterised. BothTgATM andTgATR were found to be dispersed throughout the parasite and they did not detectably relocate to the nucleus after DNA damage. Nevertheless, they were both required for checkpoint responses to DNA damage, including acute replication slowing and phosphorylation of the DNA damage marker histone H2AX. Unusually, the two kinases seemed to cooperate in the checkpoint response, with the loss of either one largely ablating the response, regardless of the type of DNA damage. Thus,T. gondiiclearly retains a DNA-damage-responsive checkpoint, but some of its key features differ from the well-studied checkpoint in human cells.
Intracellular dry mass density increases under growth-induced pressure
Authors: Kim Hyojun , Alric Baptiste , Chan Nolan , Roul Julien , Delarue Morgan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCells that proliferate in confined environments develop mechanical compressive stress, referred to as growth-induced pressure, which inhibits growth and division across various organisms. Recent studies have shown that in these confined spaces, the diffusivity of intracellular nanoparticles decreases. However, the physical mechanisms behind this reduction remain unclear. In this study, we use quantitative phase imaging to measure the refractive index and dry mass density ofSaccharomyces cerevisiaecells proliferating under confinement in a microfluidic bioreactor. Our results indicate that the observed decrease in diffusivity can be at least attributed to the intracellular accumulation of macromolecules. Furthermore, the linear scaling between cell content and growth-induced pressure suggests that the concentrations of macromolecules and osmolytes are maintained proportionally under such pressure inS. cerevisiae.
Theoretical analysis of the reactions induced by interaction of
Li6
with
H3
and
He3
nuclei
Authors: Lashko Yu. A. , Vasilevsky V. S. , Zhaba V. I. 
Published: September 2024

We determine cross sections and astrophysical S factors of the reactions generated in collisions between Li6 and H3 and between Li6 and He3. A microscopic three-cluster model is employed to study the dynamics of reactions occurring in the mirror nuclei Be9 and B9. In a previous study [], this model was successfully applied to investigate the resonance structure of Be9 and B9, as well as reactions induced by the interaction of deuterons with Li7 and Be7. A fairly good agreement between theoretical results and available experimental data was achieved. To the best of our knowledge, appropriate experimental data for the astrophysical S factors of the reactions generated by the interaction of Li6 with H3 and with He3 are currently unavailable. Thus, our results can serve as a guideline for future experimental efforts.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Classical Casimir pressure in the presence of axion dark matter
Authors: Brax Philippe , Brun Pierre 
Published: September 2024

We study the effects of an oscillating axion field on the pressure between two metallic plates. We consider the situation where a magnetic field parallel to the plates is present and show that the electric field induced by the coupling of the axion to photons leads to resonances. When the boundary plates are perfect conductors, the resonances are infinitely thin whilst they are broadened when the conductivity of the boundary plates is taken into account. The resonances take place at the tower of distances close to dn=(2n+1)πm, where m is the axion mass and have a finite width and height depending on the conductivity. The resulting resonant pressure on the plate depends on the induced polarization at the surface of the plates. We investigate the reach of future Casimir experiments in terms of the axion mass and the conductivity of the boundary plates. We find that for large enough conductivities, the axion-induced pressure could be larger than the quantum Casimir effect between the plates.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
An online error compensation strategy for hybrid robot based on grating feedback
Authors: Cheng Pengkun , Xiao Juliang , Zhao Wei , Zhang Yangyang , Liu Haitao , Shan Xianlei 
Published: September 2024

Purpose
This paper aims to enhance the machining accuracy of hybrid robots by treating the moving platform as the first joint of a serial robot for direct position measurement and integrating external grating sensors with motor encoders for real-time error compensation.

Design/methodology/approach
Initially, a spherical coordinate system is established using one linear and two circular grating sensors. This system enables direct acquisition of the moving platform’s position in the hybrid robot. Subsequently, during the coarse interpolation stage, the motor command for the next interpolation point is dynamically updated using error data from external grating sensors and motor encoders. Finally, fuzzy proportional integral derivative (PID) control is applied to maintain robot stability post-compensation.

Findings
Experiments were conducted on the TriMule-600 hybrid robot. The results indicate that the following errors of the five grating sensors are reduced by 94%, 93%, 80%, 75% and 88% respectively, after compensation. Using the fourth drive joint as an example, it was verified that fuzzy adaptive PID control performs better than traditional PID control.

Practical implications
The proposed online error compensation strategy significantly enhances the positional accuracy of the robot end, thereby improving the actual processing quality of the workpiece.

Social implications
This method presents a technique for achieving online error compensation in hybrid robots, which promotes the advancement of the manufacturing industry.

Originality/value
This paper proposes a cost-effective and practical method for online error compensation in hybrid robots using grating sensors, which contributes to the advancement of hybrid robot technology.
Multimodal presentation of E-commerce product reviews and ratings: empirical investigation using multimodality
Authors: Ghandour Rajab 
Published: September 2024

PurposeThe aim of the research is to evaluate different modality for product reviews presentation and its impact on users’ performance, purchase intention and enjoyment.Design/methodology/approachThe study utilized an experimental approach with 48 opportunistic participants in three groups (16 users per group). Participants were randomly assigned to experimental conditions to ensure unbiased treatment. Data were collected through controlled interventions or manipulations, with pre-defined measures to assess specific outcomes. Statistical techniques such as ANOVA were employed to analyse the data, allowing for comparisons between experimental variables.FindingsThe findings revealed that integrating facial expression avatars and emojis into an e-commerce platform effectively communicates product reviews and ratings. Moreover, the use of animation significantly enhanced user enjoyment. This suggests that visual representations not only convey information effectively but also contribute to a more engaging and enjoyable user experience.Research limitations/implicationsWhile this experiment offers valuable insights into the impact of different e-commerce presentation layouts on user behaviour, further research could delve deeper into specific aspects such as the influence of individual user characteristics and the long-term effects of layout preferences.Originality/valueThis study contributes original insights by demonstrating the efficacy of facial expressive avatars and emojis in conveying product reviews and ratings within e-commerce platforms. Moreover, it adds value by highlighting the positive impact of animation on user enjoyment. By combining these elements, the research offers a novel approach to enhancing user engagement and understanding of customer feedback in online shopping environments. The findings provide valuable guidance for e-commerce platforms seeking innovative ways to communicate product information effectively and enhance the overall user experience, ultimately benefiting both businesses and consumers.
Changing plant phosphorus acquisition strategies in relation to altered soil phosphorus fractions after wetland drainage
Authors: Jiang Zhenhui , Luo Wanqing , Zhu Erxiong , Zhao Yunpeng , Liu Chengzhu , Zhou Lei , Feng Xiaojuan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Plant phosphorus (P) acquisition strategy is considered to be an intrinsic driver behind plant succession. However, variations in plant P acquisition strategies in connection to soil P fraction changes after wetland drainage remain unclear.

To address this issue, here we conducted a study in six distinct wetlands that experienced long‐term (>20 years) artificial drainage, with the adjacent waterlogged wetlands as a control. We analysed plant community composition, biomass and soil P fractions, and identified three plant P acquisition strategies based on soil acid phosphatase activity, plant P resorption efficiency, and soil arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) content.

We found that soil calcium‐bound P (PCa) and enzyme‐extractable P (Penzyme) were key factors influencing plant P acquisition. Soil PCa correlated negatively with acid phosphatase activity but positively with AMF content. Soil Penzyme negatively impacted P resorption efficiency. The wetlands were categorised into three types based on the change in plant richness and composition, with each exhibiting distinct plant P acquisition strategies. These changes in strategies after drainage corresponded with shifts in soil P fractions.

Overall, our study highlights the role of soil P fractions in explaining plant P acquisition strategies after wetland drainage, suggesting P regulations on plant succession and ecosystem services.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Poisoning with table salt while treating drug poisoning
Authors: Smędra Anna , Wochna Katarzyna , Gruchała Jacek , Berent Jarosław 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHypernatremia is an increase in serum sodium concentration above 145 mmol/L. There are many causes of elevated sodium levels in the blood serum. One is incorrect actions performed by medical staff. The symptoms of excessively high serum sodium levels depend on the severity of hypernatremia, the rate of its increase and the accompanying volume disorders. Severe symptoms include altered consciousness, increased muscle tone and reflexes, convulsions, psychomotor hyperactivity or drowsiness (up to coma), respiratory failure, and even death. We present the case of a 45‐year‐old man who took seven tablets of a blood pressure‐lowering drug, and paramedics subsequently administered a concentrated solution of table salt to induce vomiting. However, vomiting did not occur, leading to hypernatremia. Ultimately, the man survived but developed persistent cognitive dysfunction, including disordered short‐term memory and encoding and retrieval of information from long‐term memory, weakening of attention function and fatigue, and disorders in abstract thinking. The patient's family went to the prosecutor's office to investigate the possibility of medical malpractice. Experts found that the paramedics' actions were incorrect. Although it has been known for many years that table salt solutions should not be used to induce vomiting, unfortunately, both laypeople and medical professionals are still using this technique. Iatrogenic salt poisoning may end not only in serious health complications but also in legal consequences.