bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Breakthrough Water Shutoff System for Super-K Zones in Carbonate Ghawwar Field: Adsorption and Polymer System
Authors: Al-Nakhli Ayman R , Bataweel Mohammed , Almohsin Ayman , Al-Badairy Hameed 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The overall objective of the project is to develop a water shutoff chemical (Sealant), which can be used by Saudi Aramco to control excess water production in carbonate formations. Excessive water production from hydrocarbon-producing wells can adversely affect the economic life of the well. It was estimated that an average 2.8 barrels of water is produced for each barrel of oil worldwide.
A new water shutoff polymer system was developed for carbonate formations. The developed system can bond to carbonate and shows great stability. The major challenge of water control in carbonate reservoirs are polymer bonding to the rock surface. Most of the commercial products are designed for sandstone formations. Most polymers will not strongly adsorb to carbonate reservoirs particularly under high fluid flow or high salinity. The polymer system developed is designed to overcome this and chemically bond the polymers to the surface of the carbonate.
A well-defined polymer system with the ability to chemically bond to carbonate surfaces were also realized which represents the first example of an adsorption system for carbonate reservoirs and could have broad reaching applications.
This represents a significant breakthrough as this can overcome one of the key obstacles of water control in carbonate formations. This paper demonstrates the laboratory work carried out to develop and investigate the efficiency of Smart Sealant, compared with Organically cross linked polymer (OCP), in both Supper-K and fractured rocks. Core flow testes indicate significant drop in water production for both fractured and Supper-K formation. When chemical treatments were applied, the polymer system was able to withstand the differential pressures and did not allow the flow of water in both high permeability cores and fractures. Coreflood results indicate that OCP was unstable with carbonate core sample and leached out after 4 pore volume of brine injection. ESEM and EDS analysis confirmed that the Smart Sealant treatment of the core plug resulted in some of the used polymer product blocking fractures and pores. This finding confirms adsorption and stability of Smart Sealant polymer on the rock surface, blocking fractures and reducing permeability of fractured core samples.
The Application of Waste Solids Management Vertical Cuttings Dryers as an Integral Element of a Successful Solids Control System
Authors: Anderson Michael Rai 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
In Elgin's last White Paper, "Common Challenges Relative to the Use of Decanter Centrifuges for Barite Recovery in the Oil & Gas Industry," a detailed discussion was offered about the complexities involved in achieving effective solids control when deploying a dual-centrifuge "barite recovery" system. As noted in that report, when centrifuges are properly used, centrifuges enhance the drilling fluid properties, thereby improving rig performance. By maintaining the target properties of the drilling fluid, centrifuges also lower the volume of waste drilling fluid and reduce raw material additive costs.
Despite these achievements, the evolution of the drilling industry has resulted in the rapid deployment of centrifuge-based solids control systems that are unable to reach their full potential. This has been predominantly driven by the fact that the first line of defense, the shale shakers, tend to allow far too many fine solids into the active mud system and the second line of defense, solids control centrifuges, tend to process just 25% of the total mud system circulation rate. A concept that is later explored in greater detail.
Modern drilling rigs are continuing to set new standards by drilling deeper, faster, and longer. As such, the oil & gas industry has seen a substantial increase in the volume of waste solids and liquids being generated from the solids control system. There has never been a more critical time to manage drilling fluid and the associated wastes as an integral and inherently inseparable element of an effective solids control system. This is especially the case, when a properly deployed Vertical Cuttings Dryer ("VCD"), can significantly reduce waste disposal costs, dramatically lower whole mud loses within those wastes, and improve the overall quality of the drilling fluid by allowing the shale shakers and centrifuges to be used at their full operating potential. All of this can be done for about the same investment as a typical small-bowl decanter centrifuge system.
Rejuvenation of a Mature Field Through STOIIP Validation Using an Integrated 3D Geo-Cellular Dynamic Model for a Heterogeneous Multi Layered Reservoir
Authors: Ibrahim Mostafa M. , Abdulaziz Abdulaziz M. , Fattah Khaled A. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Stock Tank Oil Initially in Place (STOIIP) uncertainty have been raised recently as a major impact on development plans of mature oil fields under the current tough economic conditions. One of the most complex reservoirs in Gulf of Suez is the Nezzazat group that has a high degree of lateral and vertical heterogeneity. Reservoir productivity and injectivity of such heterogonous reservoir require a high quality 3D geo-cellular model and a robust dynamic history match. However, the intersected lobes of bars and channels of in such heterogeneous concealing underneath a thick salt succession are very difficult to interpret and therefore impose a profound integrated study. This involves petrophysical characterization of Nezzazat group into seven hydraulic flow units honoring the lithostratigraphy of the basin, Mattula, Wata and Raha formations. To enhance field development plan, the Big Loop simulation approach is applied to cover all the existing geological uncertainty. This model honors the available dynamic data including static reservoir pressure, repeat formation tester data, injection and production logs in both history matching and prediction phases.
The 3D dynamic simulation model achieved history match to the seven reservoir intervals using RFT pressure data and production logs on layer basis, showing a wide range of permeability and contribution. The history matched model has successfully proved that the dynamic STOIIP is higher than the previous volumetric STOIIP with additional ±7 MMBO. This opened a window towards drilling new well to increase the current recovery factor for the field and achieve the new ultimate recovery. Therefore, the proposed methodology not only checks the validity of volumetric STOIIP calculations but also helps understanding hydraulic flow units architecture under uncertainty to increase the ultimate recovery of the mature fields.
Assessment of Temperature Effects on Early Larval Development Survival of Hatchery-reared Tropical Oyster, Crassostrea iredalei
Authors: Teh Chiew Peng  , Thiyagarajan Vengatesen  , Aileen Tan Shau Hwai  
Published: November 2016

The influence of the cool and warm temperatures on early life development and survival of tropical oyster, Crassostrea iredalei was studied. D-hinged larvae (day 1 larvae) were reared to three different temperatures (20°C, 27°C, and 34°C) for nine days. Oyster larvae reared in temperature 27°C, acted as control (ambient temperature). The highest survival rate occurred when the larvae were reared in 20°C and 27°C. Larvae reared at 34°C exhibited reduced survival but increase in the growth rate. The growth rate in larvae reared in high temperature (34°C) was significantly higher compared to larvae reared in 20°C and 27°C (p<0.05). The results from the present study indicated that tropical oyster larvae, C. iredalei had faster growth rate at the high temperature (34°C). However, the larval survival was decreasing according to days. There is no significant difference in the larval growth and survival in lower temperature (20°C) and control condition (27°C).
Oviposition Habitat Selection of Dengue Vectors, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in Response to Fish Predator
Authors: Wan Fatma Zuharah  , Nik Fadzly  , Wilson Ong Kang Wei  , Zarul Hazrin Hashim  
Published: November 2016

To understand the effects of fish predator’s kairomones on Aedes mosquitoes’ oviposition, we established an experiment using gravid Aedes females. Kairomones concentrations were established using Hampala macrolepidota. One individual fish was placed inside containers with varying water levels (1 L, 5 L, and 10 L of water). The fish were kept in the containers for 24 hours and were removed immediately at the start of each trial in order to have the kairomones remnants. Twenty gravid adult females of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus were allowed to lay eggs on oviposition site with various treatments: (1) control without any kairomones; (2) kairomone remnant in 1 L of water; (3) kairomone remnant in 5 L of water; and (4) kairomone remnant in 10 L of water. There are significant differences between the numbers of eggs laid by both Aedes species for each different treatment (F = 9.131, df = 16, p<0.001). However, fewer eggs were laid by Ae. albopictus compared to Ae. aegypti in the presence of kairomone remnants. This suggested that Ae. albopictus are significantly affected by the kairomones itself and have ability to detect the residual kairomone presence from H. macrolepidota.
Psychrophilic Lipase from Arctic Bacterium
Authors: Zakiah Ramle  , Rashidah Abdul Rahim  
Published: November 2016

A lipase producer psychrophilic microorganism isolated from Arctic sample was studied. The genomic DNA of the isolate was extracted using modified CTAB method. Identification of the isolate by morphological and 16S rRNA sequence analysis revealed that the isolate is closely related to Arthrobacter gangotriensis (97% similarity). A. gangotriensis was determined as positive lipase producer based on the plate screening using specific and sensitive plate assay of Rhodamine B. The PCR result using Arthrobacter sp.’s full lipase gene sequence as the template primers emphasised a possible lipase gene at 900 bp band size. The gene is further cloned in a suitable vector system for expression of lipase.
Effect of Salinity on Embryo and Larval Development of Oyster Crassostrea iredalei
Authors: Amelia Ng Phei Fang  , Teh Chiew Peng  , Poi Khoy Yen  , Zulfigar Yasin  , Aileen Tan Shau Hwai  
Published: November 2016

The effects of salinity on the embryonic and larvae stage of Crassostrea iredalei were investigated. Fertilised eggs and one day old D-larvae were subjected to salinities ranging from 0 to 30 ppt at temperature of 30±2°C. At salinity lower than 10 ppt, 100% mortality was observed. For embryo development, the highest survival was observed at salinity 25 ppt with 80.9±2.2% survival with no significant difference compared to 15 and 30 ppt. Shell height and length were both greatest at salinity 30 ppt. Throughout the 11 days culture, the highest larval survival occurred at salinity 15 ppt with no significant difference compared to all other salinities except 10 ppt. Larval shell sizes showed no significant differences between salinities, except for 10 ppt. Optimum culture condition for larvae growth are salinities ranging from 15 to 30 ppt whereby the larval of this species can tolerate wider range of salinity compared to other oyster species and thus, making it a competitive species to be cultured.
Three New Records of Gammarid Amphipod in Songkhla Lake, Thailand
Authors: Kotchakorn Rattanama  , Manasawan Saengsakda Pattaratumrong  , Prawit Towatana  , Koraon Wongkamhaeng  
Published: November 2016

Songkhla Lake is known as the most popular area for gammarid amphipod studies in the Gulf of Thailand. The first gammarid amphipod study was investigated in 1925 by Chilton. After that, there are various studies including diversity, ecology, and biology. In this study, gammarid amphipod in Songkhla Lake were collected from year 2010 to 2014. In this study, three newly recorded amphipods had been reported namely Hyale dollfusi Chevreux, 1911, Grandidierella megnae (Giles, 1888), and Hourstonius japonica (Hirayama, 1983) which had not been previously reported from the Thai waters. The gammarid amphipods had been catalogued. Their characteristics had been described and illustrated. All specimens were deposited at Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Natural History Museum, Prince of Songkla University, Thailand.
Preliminary Assessment on Autecological Studies of Beardless Barb, Cyclocheilichthys apogon (Valenciennes, 1842) from Muda Reservoir of Kedah, Malaysia
Authors: Nor Aziella Mohd Rosli  , Khaironizam Md Zain  
Published: November 2016

Like many other countries, reservoirs in Malaysia are primarily built for various functions such as hydroelectric power generation, drinking water supply, flood mitigation and irrigation for agricultural purposes. Artisanal fisheries activities were also performed in these reservoirs. The freshwater fish are a requisite source of protein for the rural population. Consequently, the fish resources in reservoirs should be carefully maintained at sustainable level. Present study elucidates the preliminary assessment on autecological studies of beardless barb, Cyclocheilichthys apogon as a model of fish biota in Muda Reservoir. This research investigates the growth pattern of C. apogon using length-weight relationship and their condition factor. A total of 307 specimens were captured using cast net for six consecutive months from March 2014 until August 2014. The growth coefficient (b) from the length-weight equation (W = aLb) for male and female of C. apogon were 3.150 and 3.185, respectively, indicating positive allometric growth. The condition factor values of male and female of C. apogon were 1.023 ± 0.111 and 1.026 ± 0.100, respectively, suggesting that C. apogon is in good condition in Muda Reservoir. The paucity of research on the autecological study in the Muda Reservoir contributes to the main reason of performing this research. The findings will serve as baseline information of this species in Muda Reservoir, as well as for comparative study in the future.
A techno-typological analysis of fan (tabular) scrapers from Ein Zippori, Israel
Authors: Zutovski Katia , Yerkes Richard W. , Agam Aviad , Wilson Lucy , Getzov Nimrod , Milevski Ianir , Gopher Avi 
Published: November 2016

Fan (or tabular) scrapers are a diagnostic tool type in Chalcolithic Ghassulian and Early Bronze Age lithic assemblages from the southern Levant. To date, only small numbers of fan scrapers have been reported from the Late Pottery Neolithic Wadi Rabah culture. In this paper we present a techno-typological analysis of a fair sample of fan scrapers and fan scrapers spalls from Wadi Rabah and Early Bronze Age layers at Ein Zippori, Lower Galilee, Israel. Techno-typological similarities and differences of Wadi Rabah, Chalcolithic Ghassulian and Early Bronze Age fan scrapers from Ein Zippori and other sites in the region are presented, trends of change along time are noted, and an updated definition is proposed. Our results indicate that fan scrapers are highly efficient tools for accurate and prolonged animal butchering and hide working. The main advantage of fan scrapers is their mostly flat, thin morphology and large size that permits the creation of several relatively long working edges, various retouched angles (from sharp to abrupt), extensive resharpening, and a comfortable grasp. While fan scrapers were products of a local trajectory in Late Pottery Neolithic Wadi Rabah lithic industries at Ein Zippori, a standardized, off-site manufacturing of fan scrapers is evident during the Early Bronze Age.
Role of Type 2 Diabetes in Determining Retinal, Renal, and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Women With Previous Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Retnakaran Ravi , Shah Baiju R. 
Published: November 2016

OBJECTIVE
Women who have gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have elevated lifetime risks for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD), compared with their peers. However, it is not known whether their risk of CVD is dependent upon the development of T2DM. Thus, we sought to evaluate the role of T2DM in determining vascular outcomes in women with previous GDM.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
All women in Ontario, Canada, with a live-birth pregnancy between April 1994 and March 2014 (n = 1,515,079) were stratified into the following four groups: women with GDM in whom T2DM subsequently developed (n = 15,585, median age 32 years); those with GDM in whom T2DM did not develop (n = 41,299; median age 32 years); women who did not have GDM but in whom T2DM developed (n = 49,397; median age 31 years); and those with neither GDM nor T2DM (n = 1,408,798; median age 30 years). Women were followed over a median time of 10.0 years for the development of microvascular and macrovascular outcomes.

RESULTS
Among women who had GDM, only those in whom T2DM developed had an increased risk of vitrectomy/photocoagulation (hazard ratio [HR] 4.49, 95% CI 3.90–5.17), renal dialysis (HR 7.52, 5.24–10.81), and hospitalization for foot infection (HR 4.32, 3.42–5.46) (all P &lt; 0.0001). However, for macrovascular outcomes, both women with GDM in whom T2DM developed and those in whom T2DM did not develop had increased risks of CVD (HR 2.82; 2.41–3.30; P &lt; 0.0001; and HR 1.30; 1.07–1.59; P = 0.008, respectively) and coronary artery disease (HR 3.54; 2.96–4.23; P &lt; 0.0001; and HR 1.41; 1.11–1.80; P = 0.005, respectively), although absolute event rates were very low.

CONCLUSIONS
Women with GDM have an elevated risk of cardiovascular outcomes, even in the absence of T2DM. In contrast, microvascular risk emerges only in those in whom T2DM develops.
Clinical features and pathological joint changes in dogs with erosive immune-mediated polyarthritis: 13 cases (2004–2012)
Authors: Shaughnessy Magen L. , Sample Susannah J. , Abicht Carter , Heaton Caitlin , Muir Peter 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical features and pathological joint changes in dogs with erosive immune-mediated polyarthritis (IMPA).
DESIGN Retrospective case series.
ANIMALS 13 dogs with erosive IMPA and 66 dogs with nonerosive IMPA.
PROCEDURES The medical record database of a veterinary teaching hospital was reviewed to identify dogs with IMPA that were examined between October 2004 and December 2012. For each IMPA-affected dog, information extracted from the medical record included signalment, diagnostic test results, radiographic findings, and treatments administered. Dogs were classified as having erosive IMPA if review of radiographs revealed the presence of bone lysis in multiple joints, and descriptive data were generated for those dogs. All available direct smears of synovial fluid samples underwent cytologic evaluation. The synovial fluid total nucleated cell count and WBC differential count were estimated and compared between dogs with erosive IMPA and dogs with nonerosive IMPA.
RESULTS 13 of 79 (16%) dogs had erosive IMPA. Dogs with erosive IMPA had a mean ± SD age of 7.1 ± 2.4 years and body weight of 8.3 ± 3.4 kg (18.3 ± 7.5 lb). All 13 dogs had erosive lesions in their carpal joints. The estimated median synovial fluid lymphocyte count for dogs with erosive IMPA was significantly greater than that for dogs with nonerosive IMPA. All dogs received immunosuppressive therapy with leflunomide (n = 9), prednisone (3), or prednisone-azathioprine (1).
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated erosive IMPA most commonly affected the carpal joints of middle-aged small-breed dogs. Further genetic analyses and analysis of lymphocyte-subsets are warranted for dogs with erosive IMPA.
Prevalence of adrenal gland masses as incidental findings during abdominal computed tomography in dogs: 270 cases (2013–2014)
Authors: Baum Jared I. , Boston Sarah E. , Case J. Brad 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence and clinical characteristics of incidental adrenal gland masses identified in dogs undergoing abdominal CT.
DESIGN Retrospective case series.
ANIMALS 270 client-owned dogs.
PROCEDURES Medical records of dogs that underwent abdominal CT from June 2013 through June 2014 were reviewed. Patients were excluded if they had undergone CT because of a history or clinical signs of an adrenal gland mass or disease. Information collected included history, signalment, initial complaint, serum alkaline phosphatase activity, urine specific gravity, and whether abdominal ultrasonography was performed. Imaging reports generated by the board-certified radiologist who evaluated the CT images were reviewed.
RESULTS Incidental adrenal gland masses were detected in 25 of the 270 (9.3%) dogs. Dogs with incidental adrenal gland masses were significantly older (median, 12.0 years; range, 8.0 to 15.0 years) than dogs without (8.2 years; range, 0.1 to 13.1 years). Dogs examined for neoplasia were significantly more likely to have an incidental adrenal gland mass (22/138 [15.9%]) than were dogs examined for any other reason (3/132 [2.3%]), but these dogs were also significantly older. No other risk factors were identified. Histologic examination was performed in only 3 of the 25 dogs with incidental adrenal gland masses; 2 had cortical adenomas and 1 had a pheochromocytoma and cortical adenoma.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that a clinically important percentage of dogs undergoing abdominal CT will have incidental adrenal gland masses, with incidental masses more likely in older than in younger dogs.
The role of physical exercise in cognitive recovery after traumatic brain injury: A systematic review
Authors: Morris Timothy , Gomes Osman Joyce , Tormos Muñoz Jose Maria , Costa Miserachs David , Pascual Leone Alvaro 
Published: November 2016

Background: There is a growing body of evidence revealing exercise-induced effects on brain structure and cognitive function across the lifespan. Animal models of traumatic brain injury also suggest exercise is capable of modulating not only the pathophysiological changes following trauma but also the associated cognitive deficits. Objective: To evaluate the effect of physical exercise on cognitive impairment following traumatic brain injury in humans. Methods: A systematic search of the PubMed database was performed using the search terms “cognition” and “executive function, memory or attention”, “traumatic brain injury” and “physical exercise”. Adult human traumatic brain injury studies that assessed cognitive function as an outcome measure (primary or secondary) and used physical exercise as a treatment (single or combined) were assessed by two independent reviewers. Data was extracted under the guidance of the population intervention comparison outcome framework wherein, characteristics of included studies (exercise duration, intensity, combined or single intervention, control groups and cognitive measures) were collected, after which, methodological quality (Cochrane criteria) was assessed. Results: A total of 240 citations were identified, but only 6 met our inclusion criteria (3 from search records, 3 from reference lists. Only a small number of studies have evaluated the effect of exercise on cognition following traumatic brain injury in humans, and of those, assessment of efficacy is difficult due to low methodological strength and a high risk of different types of bias. Conclusion: Evidence of an effect of physical exercise on cognitive recovery suggests further studies should explore this treatment option with greater methodological approaches. Recommendations to reduce risk of bias and methodological shortfalls are discussed and include stricter inclusion criteria to create homogenous groups and larger patient pools, more rigorous cognitive assessments and the study and reporting of additional and combined rehabilitation techniques.