bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Japanese American incarceration and the origins of penology in California: A microhistory
Authors: Knepper Paul 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe history of academic criminology has been written at a macro‐scale from national and international perspectives. These histories rely on abstract concepts that overlook external events in the formation of criminology. Using a microhistory approach, this article explores the origins of the penology programme established at the Police School of San José State University. Willard Schmidt started the programme in 1946 based on his experience as director of security police at Tule Lake prison camp, a site for incarceration of Japanese Americans during the Second World War. The discussion examines August Vollmer's role in founding the Police School and his opposition to the incarceration, Schmidt's activities at Tule Lake, and how this shaped the first penology programme in California.
Current Status of Nursing Home Distribution in China: A National Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Ge Meng‐Wei , Liu Peng , Shi Hai‐Yan , Li Xiao‐Min , Hu Fei‐Hong , Jia Yi‐Jie , Shen Lu‐Ting , Xia Xiao‐Peng , Chen Hong‐Lin 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAimsPopulation aging is a challenge that the whole world is facing, especially in China. This study aims to investigate the current distribution status of nursing homes in China using spatial epidemiology methods.DesignCross‐sectional study in China.MethodsThe data were obtained from the Integrated Civil Affairs Government Service Platform ‘China County Statistical Yearbook’ for 2020 and the ‘China City Statistical Yearbook’ for 2020. Using global Moran's index to test the clustering of nursing homes, inter‐group and intra‐group Theil index was utilised to differentiate the sources of differences. The coupling coordination analysis was conducted to explore the coordination. Geographically weighted regression was utilised to investigate the impact of economic development and aging on nursing home resources. All analyses were conducted by Arcgis 10.8 and R Studio 4.3.2.ResultsGlobal Moran's index indicated that the distribution of nursing homes in China exhibited clustering. The Theil index values for institutions and beds at the national county were 0.32450 and 0.30675. However, upon comparing provinces and regions, it was found that the differences across the country mainly stem from within provinces (contribution rate: institutions 65.0%; beds 73.0%) and within regions (contribution rate: institutions 99.0%; beds 91.0%). The majority of districts and counties had a coupling coordination index of institutions and bed numbers, both of which were < 0.5.ConclusionThe development of nursing home resources in China has been rapid, generally presenting a balanced state, but further optimisation is needed. This study established a foundation for the targeted distribution of essential public services, focusing on nursing home healthcare resources tailored to the needs of older persons.ImplicationsThe study underscored the urgent need for targeted elderly care policies, emphasising the optimisation of resource distribution to enhance the overall quality of care provided to the aging population.No Patients or Public ContributionThe study did not involve humans.
Evaluation of the performance of nursing students taught using online and offline learning models in emergency and critical care nursing during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Xu Jinmei , Qin Lei , Liu Guijuan , Dator Wireen Leila T. , Fei Suding 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimThe study investigated the outcomes of employing this hybrid method among nursing students engaged in emergency and critical care curricula during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsA retrospective study examined nursing students enrolled in the nursing program in China between January 2019 and January 2021. Students were divided into two groups: a study group that engaged in hybrid learning and a control group that participated in traditional classroom learning. Both groups received identical learning materials and credit hours. The study group assessed online learning via a platform with broadcasting features, while offline sessions occurred in the classroom. Post‐course, groups were compared in knowledge, skill, and homework performance. The study group provided feedback through a reflective questionnaire to pinpoint areas for improvement in their online learning experience.ResultsThe analysis involved 1774 nursing students, with 906 in the study group and 868 int the control group. The study group outperformed in homework, individual, and comprehensive skills. Despite 73.7% of the study group citing distractions from surrounding environment, the majority appreciated online learning (853, 96.8%). Regarding the appropriateness of the course materials, foreign body airway obstruction courses are highly rated (721, 81.8%), while invasive hemodynamic monitoring had the least favorability (149, 16.9%). Additionally, 33.0% (291) favored live broadcasting and interactive video teaching during online classes.ConclusionsThe hybrid learning model enhances nursing students' performance in emergency and critical care courses. However, optimization is needed for environmental distraction, specific contents, and communication methods in online learning.
Association of Liver Disease and Chronic Pruritus: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Andrade Luis F. , Haq Zaim , Abdi Parsa , Diaz Michael J. , Levy Cynthia , Yosipovitch Gil 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackground & MethodsThrough the identification of 22 803 cases of chronic pruritus, with a control group comprising 91 212 participants from a national database, we performed a comparative analysis revealing that patients with chronic pruritus had a significantly higher prevalence of liver disease compared to controls.ResultsUpon reverse analysis, we similarly found patients with liver disease had a significantly higher prevalence of chronic pruritus. Subsequent multivariate logistic regression highlighted increased odds for several liver diseases in the pruritus cohort, including metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (aOR 1.65, 95% CI 1.53–1.78) and alcohol‐related liver disease (aOR 1.69, 95% CI 1.43–1.98). The increased odds were most pronounced for hepatitis B (aOR 2.01, 95% CI 1.67–2.42) and cholangitis + primary sclerosing cholangitis + primary biliary cholangitis (aOR 1.81, 95% CI 1.65–1.99).ConclusionOur results reveal a strong correlation between pruritus in hepatic pathologies different than commonly reported cholestatic diseases.
Metabolic Dysfunction‐Associated Steatotic Liver Disease Increases the Risk of Severe Infection: A Population‐Based Cohort Study
Authors: Zhao Ming , Han Xinyu , Fan Hong , Liang Chenyu , Wang Haili , Zhang Xin , Zhao Shuzhen , Guo Chengnan , Liu Zhenqiu , Zhang Tiejun 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsMetabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is linked to various intrahepatic and extrahepatic diseases, but its association with severe infectious disease remains to be investigated.MethodsWe analysed data from the Shanghai Suburban Adult Cohort and Biobank, encompassing participants enrolled in 2016 and 2017 with available abdominal ultrasonography data, and followed them up until December 2022 (median follow‐up = 5.71 years). We categorised the participants into the MASLD group and those without steatotic liver disease (non‐SLD). Multivariable‐adjusted Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) for severe infections in patients with MASLD compared to the non‐SLD group. Cumulative incidences were calculated while accounting for competing risks (non‐infection‐related deaths). Mediation analyses were performed to explore the roles of cardiometabolic risk factors in the association between MASLD and severe infections.ResultsAmong the 33 072 eligible participants (mean age 56.37 years; 38.20% male), 11 908 (36.01%) were diagnosed with MASLD at baseline. Severe infections occurred in 912 (7.66%) MASLD patients and 1258 (5.94%) non‐SLD. The rate of severe infections per 1000 person‐years was higher in MASLD patients (13.58) than in comparators (10.48) (fully adjusted HR 1.18, 95% CI 1.07–1.30). The most frequent infections in MASLD were respiratory (7.25/1000 person‐years) and urinary tract infections (2.61/1000 person‐years). The 5‐year cumulative incidence of severe infections was 6.79% (95% CI 6.36–7.26) in MASLD and 5.08% (95% CI 4.79–5.38) in comparators. Cardiometabolic risk factors, including waist circumference, triglycerides and HbA1C, partially mediate the association between MASLD and severe infections.ConclusionsPatients with MASLD were at significantly higher risk of incident severe infections compared to the non‐SLD group. Future studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms linking MASLD to severe infections.
Cerebral ptosis: An ominous sign in stroke—A retrospective study
Authors: Sasidharan Aswathy , Pranaav S. Arun , Ghafoor P. A. Fazal 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionCerebral ptosis is defined as the drooping of eyelids due to lesions in the cerebral hemispheres. Cerebral ptosis is due to either unilateral or bilateral hemispheric damage without brainstem involvement. Ischemic strokes are the most common etiology leading to hemispheric damage.AimsTo assess the prevalence of cerebral ptosis in ischemic strokes and to correlate the presence of cerebral ptosis with the outcome of the patients. To also assess the demographic profile of these patients.Materials and MethodsThis is a retrospective study from June 2022 to August 2024. All patients diagnosed as acute stroke presenting with cerebral ptosis within day 3 of stroke were included. Patients with a reduced level of consciousness, brainstem involvement, and those with signs of impending herniation were excluded. The modified Rankin scale (mRS) on the day of admission and the day of discharge were compared.ResultsThere were 26 patients with cerebral ptosis among 649 patients admitted with anterior circulation stroke (prevalence 4.01%). 84.6% (n = 12) had right hemisphere involvement and 15.4% (n = 4) had left side involvement. 88.5% (n− = 23) had middle cerebral artery territory involvement and 7.7% (n = 2) had internal carotid artery territory involvement. The mean mRS on admission was 4.42 and 4.81 on discharge (paired t‐test 0.015). mRS 6 (death) was observed in four patients.ConclusionCerebral ptosis is a supranuclear disorder with the most common etiology being vascular insult to the cerebral hemisphere. It is an ominous and rare clinical sign. Identification of this entity is important, and it is not to be confused with a reduced level of consciousness.
FIGL1 attenuates meiotic interhomolog repair and is counteracted by the RAD51 paralog XRCC2 and the chromosome axis protein ASY1 during meiosis
Authors: Emmenecker Côme , Pakzad Simine , Ture Fatou , Guerin Julie , Hurel Aurélie , Chambon Aurélie , Girard Chloé , Mercier Raphael , Kumar Rajeev 
Published: October 2024

Summary
Two recombinases, RAD51 and DMC1, catalyze meiotic break repair to ensure crossovers (COs) between homologous chromosomes (interhomolog) rather than between sisters (intersister). FIDGETIN‐LIKE‐1 (FIGL1) downregulates both recombinases. However, the understanding of how FIGL1 functions in meiotic repair remains limited. Here, we discover new genetic interactions of Arabidopsis thaliana FIGL1 that are important in vivo determinants of meiotic repair outcome.
In figl1 mutants, compromising RAD51‐dependent repair, either through the loss of RAD51 paralogs (RAD51B or XRCC2) or RAD54 or by inhibiting RAD51 catalytic activity, results in either unrepaired breaks or meiotic CO defects. Further, XRCC2 physically interacts with FIGL1 and partially counteracts FIGL1 activity for RAD51 focus formation. Our data indicate that RAD51‐mediated repair mechanisms compensate FIGL1 dysfunction.
FIGL1 is not necessary for intersister repair in dmc1 but is essential for the completion of meiotic repair in mutants such as asy1 that have impaired DMC1 functions and interhomolog bias. We show that FIGL1 attenuates interhomolog repair, and ASY1 counteracts FIGL1 to promote interhomolog recombination.
Altogether, this study underlines that multiple factors can counteract FIGL1 activity to promote accurate meiotic repair.
A Core set of patient‐reported outcome measures to measure quality of life in obesity treatment research
Authors: Dijkhorst Phillip J. , de Vries Claire E. E. , Terwee Caroline B. , Janssen Ignace M. C. , Liem Ronald S. L. , van Wagensveld Bart A. , Ottosson Johan , Halpern Bruno , Flint Stuart W. , van Rossum Elisabeth F. C. , Saadi Alend , West‐Smith Lisa , O'Kane Mary , Halford Jason C. G. , Coulman Karen D. , Al‐Sabah Salman , Dixon John B. , Brown Wendy A. , Salas Ximena Ramos , Hoogbergen Maarten M. , Abbott Sally , Budin Alyssa J. , Holland Jennifer F. , Poulsen Lotte , Welbourn Richard , Ruanova Bernardo Rea , Morton John M. , Pattou Francois , Akpinar Erman O. , Sogg Stephanie , Himpens Jacques M. , Osborne Vanessa , Wijling Natasja , Divine Laura , Isack Nadya , Birney Susie , Keenan J. M. Bernadette , Nadglowski Joe , Bowman Jacqueline , Clare Ken , Meloni Riccardo , de Blaeij Sandra , Kyle Theodore K. , Bahlke Melanie , Healing Andrew , Patton Ian , Monpellier Valerie M. 
Published: October 2024

SummaryThe lack of standardization in patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) has made measurement and comparison of quality of life (QoL) outcomes in research focused on obesity treatment challenging. This study reports on the results of the second and third global multidisciplinary Standardizing Quality of life measures in Obesity Treatment (S.Q.O.T.) consensus meetings, where a core set of PROMs to measure nine previously selected patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) in obesity treatment research was established.The S.Q.O.T. II online and S.Q.O.T. III face‐to‐face hybrid consensus meetings were held in October 2021 and May 2022. The meetings were led by an independent moderator specializing in PRO measurement. Nominal group techniques, Delphi exercises, and anonymous voting were used to select the most suitable PROMs by consensus. The meetings were attended by 28 and 27 participants, respectively, including a geographically diverse selection of people living with obesity (PLWO) and experts from various disciplines.Out of 24 PROs and 16 PROMs identified in the first S.Q.O.T. consensus meeting, the following nine PROs and three PROMs were selected via consensus: BODY‐Q (physical function, physical symptoms, psychological function, social function, eating behavior, and body image), IWQOL‐Lite (self‐esteem), and QOLOS (excess skin). No PROM was selected to measure stigma as existing PROMs deemed to be inadequate.A core set of PROMs to measure QoL in research focused on obesity treatment has been selected incorporating patients' and experts' opinions. This core set should serve as a minimum to use in obesity research studies and can be combined with clinical parameters.
Improvement in Atopic Dermatitis and Recurrent Infection With Dupilumab in Children With Distinct Genetic Types of Hyper‐IgE Syndrome: A Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Dick Jenna K. , Boull Christina , Pozos Tamara C. , Maguiness Sheilagh M. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTHyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome (HIES) is a group of rare genetic disorders characterized by severe atopic dermatitis and recurrent skin and pulmonary infections. The efficacy of dupilumab in pediatric patients with HIES‐associated severe atopic dermatitis is relatively understudied. Here, we present a series of three children with HIES, two with AD‐HIES caused by STAT3 mutations, and one with AR‐HIES caused by biallelic mutations in ZNF341. In all cases, dupilumab treatment led to sustained clearance of severe atopic dermatitis over multiple years, as well as improvements in systemic symptoms of HIES.
Pediatric Dermatology eConsultation in Academic Centers: A Collaborative Model for Optimized Outpatient Care
Authors: Crockett Jessica L. , Cordoro Kelly M. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackground/ObjectiveThe demand for pediatric dermatology services in the U.S. is high, especially at large academic healthcare centers. eConsultation programs provide a solution to poor in‐person access by offering diagnostic and management support to primary care providers (PCPs). To determine the real‐world utility of eConsultation in pediatric dermatology within a closed system at a major academic center, we assessed the outcomes, diagnostic and management concordance, and predictors of eConsult completion of an asynchronous provider‐to‐provider pediatric dermatology eConsult program.MethodsRetrospective cohort study of 900 consecutive outpatient pediatric dermatology eConsult referrals from PCPs at a tertiary academic center from 2017 to 2021.ResultsOf 900 eConsult referrals, 621 (69%) were completed without the need for in‐person dermatology follow‐up. 46 (5%) were completed but required follow‐up. 233 eConsult referrals (26%) were declined, primarily due to medical complexity. Thirty referrals (3%) were declined because of inadequate clinical photos. The PCP communicated eConsult recommendations to the patient/family on an average of 1.6 days (SD 3) after receiving the completed eConsult. eConsults for adolescents were less likely to be completed compared to infants (p = 0.03). Diagnostic and management concordance between PCP and dermatologist was 78% and 67%, respectively.ConclusionsProvider‐to‐provider eConsultation provides rapid speciality guidance to PCPs managing low‐complexity skin conditions in pediatric outpatients. The lower rate of management plan concordance compared to diagnostic concordance suggests that eConsultation improves outpatient skin management by PCPs.
Inhibition sensitivity of in vitro firefly bioluminescence quantum yields to Zn2+ and Cd2+ concentrations in aqueous solutions
Authors: Ono Ryohei , Saito Keisuke , Tezuka Daisuke , Yoshii Sakura , Kobayashi Masataka , Akiyama Hidefumi , Koga Nobuaki , Itabashi Hideyuki , Hiyama Miyabi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTo elucidate the inhibition effects of Zn2+ and Cd2+ on the luciferin–luciferase reaction, we performed quantitative measurements of quantum yields and spectral shapes for in vitro firefly bioluminescence in aqueous solutions containing ZnSO4, ZnCl2, CdSO4, and CdCl2 at different concentrations. Particular care was taken toward the equilibrium between metal ions and enzyme proteins, anion difference, solubility, and uncertainty evaluation. The bioluminescence quantum yields decreased almost linearly to the concentration of Zn2+ and Cd2+ below 0.25 mM. No obvious difference was found between the chloride and sulfate anion solutions. We defined inhibition sensitivity as the decrease in relative quantum yield versus the concentration of metal ions, and they were determined to be 1.48 ± 0.13 and 1.13 ± 0.16/mM for Zn2+ and Cd2+, respectively. We estimated the detection limit of inhibition effects as the concentration of metal ions that decrease relative quantum yields by 10%, which were 0.07 mM (4 ppm) and 0.09 mM (10 ppm) for Zn2+ and Cd2+, respectively. The shape of the bioluminescence spectra changed sensitively with the increase in Zn2+ concentrations. The bioluminescence peak energy for 0.10‐mM Zn2+ was ~2.2 eV, while that for 0.25‐mM Zn2+ was ~2.0 eV. The shape of the spectra changed less sensitively with the increase in Cd2+concentrations, and the peak energy was at ~2.2 eV for Cd2+ concentrations of 0.10 and 0.25 mM.
The Outsider in a Nation: Rudolf Rocker, Nationalism, and Generative Linguistics
Authors: Lobina David J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn Nationalism and Culture, now a largely forgotten book, the anarchist thinker Rudolf Rocker offers a compelling account of the nationalist phenomenon, from its origins and development to its influence (or lack thereof) over the linguistic and cultural practices of the large groups of people that typically encompass a nation‐state. The present paper aims to revisit and update Rocker's book, highlighting its relevance and potential contribution to the modern study of nationalism. In particular, I employ the tools of Noam Chomsky's generative study of language to characterise the roles language and culture play in the formation of national identities, in so doing unearthing some of the psychological underpinnings of nationalist beliefs and thus, furthermore, clarifying the actual effects of nationalist policies on language, culture, and artistic creativity.
MECHANICAL AND PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF SEMI-RIGID MIX DESIGN WITH RECYCLED MATERIALS AND STANDARDIZATION OF RUT DEPTH MEASUREMENTS
Authors: Jafri Syed Faraz , Memon Naeem Aziz , Memon Rizwan Ali , Sheeraz Khawaja 
Published: October 2024

Pavement industry requires substantial modifications in terms of materials. Stakeholders are in need to opt the solutions of semi-rigid design mix with recycled materials. Necessary evaluations in terms of experimental measures are initially required to represent characteristics properties. Moreover, the behavior to be assessed is rut depth measurements through the implications of wheel tracker apparatus and in accordance with prescribed standards. The mix with specified curing days is being differentiated through subsequent directions focusing choice of recycled materials. The paper presents a model to excel distinguished properties inclusive of the analysis for maintaining air voids, induction of grouting material and stability. The output-oriented data is justified within the enumerations of rut depths for grouted samples. It is analyzed for 25%, 30% and 35% air voids in conditioned to fresh and recycled aggregates. The deliberations are meant with 91 and 13 sample combinations of aggregates and hot mix asphalt respectively followed by the significant tests on bitumen and grouting material. It is observed that critical samples are passed in the configurations of rut depths when processed with reclaimed and construction waste materials at 35% voids. The research data entails its affectivity due to the uniqueness in superior model of current scenario.