bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance evaluation on ground loading systems of cryogenic propellants
Authors: Xie Fushou , Li Yanzhong , Wang Ying 
Published: September 2017

AbstractTo study and compare the merits and demerits of different ground loading systems for cryogenic propellants, three kinds of schemes have been classified according to their loading status: boiling point loading scheme, subcooled direct loading scheme and subcooled cycled loading scheme. Aiming at the three kinds of schemes mentioned previously, related mathematical models of ground storage tanks, filling pipelines and launch vehicle tanks are established by means of a thermal resistance analysis method, lumped parameter method and one‐dimensional finite difference method. Based on the thermodynamic analysis, a K‐T decision‐making method is adopted to determine the preferred scheme. Meanwhile, application situations of multiple ground loading systems in different countries have been analyzed in detail. The researches show that the boiling point loading scheme is the best choice in the aspect of comprehensive performance. However, the subcooled cycled loading scheme is preferable to the case of payload as design objective for the long‐term development. The classified schemes proposed in this paper reveal the feasibility and practicality in actual application of ground loading systems of cryogenic propellants. The study also provides theoretical basis and technological support to design or improve the ground loading systems of cryogenic propellants in the future. © 2017 Curtin University and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of chemical chaperones based on the monitoring of Bip promoter activity and visualization of extracellular vesicles by real‐time bioluminescence imaging
Authors: Horibe Tomohisa , Okushima Nanako , Torisawa Aya , Akiyoshi Ryutaro , Hatta‐Ohashi Yoko , Suzuki Hirobumi , Kawakami Koji 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIt is known that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in cells and extracellular vesicles (EVs) plays a significant role in cancer cells, therefore the evaluation of compounds that can regulate ER stress and EV secretion would be a suitable system for further screening and development of new drugs. In this study, we evaluated chemical chaperones derived from natural products based on monitoring Bip/GRP78 promoter activity during cancer cell growth, at the level of the single cell, by a bioluminescence microscopy system that had several advantages compared with fluorescence imaging. It was found that several chemical chaperones, such as ferulic acid (FA), silybin, and rutin, affected the activity. We visualized EVs from cancer cells using bioluminescence imaging and showed that several EVs could be observed when using CD63 fused with NanoLuc luciferase, which has a much smaller molecular weight and higher intensity than conventional firefly luciferase. We then examined the effects of the chemical chaperones on EVs from cancer cells by bioluminescence imaging and quantified the expression of CD63 in these EVs. It was found that the chemical chaperones examined in this study affected CD63 levels in EVs. These results showed that imaging at the level of the single cell using bioluminescence is a powerful tool and could be used to evaluate chemical chaperones and EVs from cancer cells. This approach may produce new information in this field when taken together with conventional and classical methods.
Moderating effects of food type and consumers' attitude on the evaluation of food items labeled “additive‐free”
Authors: Song Mee Ryoung , Im Meeja 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn this article, we first examine whether “additive‐free” claims on packages affect how consumers evaluate a product and whether these claims cause a consumer to develop illusions about the nutrients or quality of the product that are irrelevant to the claim. We then expand our study to categorize products that consumers consider to be healthy and unhealthy and investigate how such product types influence the effect of additive‐free claims. In addition, we verify that consumers' general attitude towards no‐additives products affect the moderation effect of product types. The findings of this study add a new academic meaning for research related to health claims and suggest practical implications for marketers and policymakers.
Gb3 Glycosphingolipids with Fluorescent Oligoene Fatty Acids: Synthesis and Phase Behavior in Model Membranes
Authors: Patalag Lukas J. , Sibold Jeremias , Schütte Ole M. , Steinem Claudia , Werz Daniel B. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractGlycosphingolipids are involved in a number of physiological and pathophysiological processes, and they serve as receptors for a variety of bacterial toxins and viruses. To investigate their function in lipid membranes, fluorescently labeled glycosphingolipids are highly desirable. Herein, a synthetic route to access Gb3 glycosphingolipids with fluorescently labeled fatty acids, consisting of pentaene and hexaene moieties either at the terminus or in the middle of the acyl chain, has been developed. The fluorescent properties of the Gb3 derivatives were investigated in small unilamellar vesicles composed of a raft‐like mixture. Phase‐separated giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) allowed the quantification of the apparent partitioning coefficients of the Gb3 compounds by means of confocal fluorescence laser scanning microscopy. The determined partition coefficients demonstrate that the Gb3 derivatives are preferentially localized in the liquid‐disordered (ld) phase. To analyze whether the compounds behave like their physiological counterparts, Cy3‐labeled (Cy: cyanine) Shiga toxin B subunits (STxB) were specifically bound to Gb3‐doped GUVs. However, the protein was favorably localized in the ld phase, in contrast to results reported for STxB bound to naturally occurring Gb3, which is discussed in terms of the packing density of the lipids in the liquid‐ordered (lo) phase.
Synthesis of Electron‐Rich, Planarized Silicon(IV) Species and a Theoretical Analysis of Dimerizing Aminosilanes
Authors: Kramer Nina , Jöst Christoph , Mackenroth Alexandra , Greb Lutz 
Published: September 2017

AbstractEquipping silicon(IV) with electron‐rich, geometrically constrained NNN‐ and ONO‐tridentate substituents leads to aminosilanes with increased Lewis acidity—expressed through the formation of Si2N2 rings by head‐to‐tail dimerization. Depending on the substituents, the dimerization can be controlled for the first time, yielding monomeric, structurally reversible and dimeric states. The monomeric species display substantial distortions from tetrahedral towards planar geometry at silicon. The dimerization and the Lewis acidity of aminosilanes are rationalized by (conceptual) DFT, NBO, ETS‐NOCV and QTAIM methods. The preorganization at silicon, London dispersion between the substituents and resonance phenomena inside the formed Si2N2 tetracycles are identified as driving forces for the dimerization. Comparison with selected aminosilanes permits general conclusions to be reached on the Lewis acidity of silicon species and on the aggregation of amphiphilic compounds.
Mixed Phthalocyanine–Porphyrin Fused Conjugated Pentameric Nanoarrays
Authors: Zhang Yuehong , Xue Zheng , Qi Dongdong , Wang Kang , Liu Huibiao , Jiang Jianzhuang 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe largest phthalocyanine‐porphyrin‐fused pentameric molecular arrays have been synthesized and spectroscopically characterized. The saddled molecular conformation revealed for the pentamer by DFT‐D3 calculation in combination with the bulky peripheral substituents precludes effective face‐to‐face π–π intermolecular interaction. As a consequence, intermolecular C−H⋅⋅⋅π interactions together with the ubiquitous dispersion force arrays help to self‐assemble the representative metal‐free pentameric molecules into the three‐dimensional supramolecular structures with nanorod morphology in CHCl3 and n‐butanol. Powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) disclose the gradually increased long range of molecular ordering in the nanorods along with the increase in the substrate temperature from 30, 40, 50, to 60 °C. This in turn results in an increase in the semiconductivity of the single nanorod in the same order from 9.4×10−9 to 3.8×10−8, 7.6×10−7, and 6.3×10−5 S m−1.
Protracted dendritic growth in the typically developing human amygdala and increased spine density in young ASD brains
Authors: Weir R.K. , Bauman M.D. , Jacobs B. , Schumann C.M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe amygdala is a medial temporal lobe structure implicated in social and emotional regulation. In typical development (TD), the amygdala continues to increase volumetrically throughout childhood and into adulthood, while other brain structures are stable or decreasing in volume. In autism spectrum disorder (ASD), the amygdala undergoes rapid early growth, making it volumetrically larger in children with ASD compared to TD children. Here we explore: (a) if dendritic arborization in the amygdala follows the pattern of protracted growth in TD and early overgrowth in ASD and (b), if spine density in the amygdala in ASD cases differs from TD from youth to adulthood. The amygdala from 32 postmortem human brains (7–46 years of age) were stained using a Golgi‐Kopsch impregnation. Ten principal neurons per case were selected in the lateral nucleus and traced using Neurolucida software in their entirety. We found that both ASD and TD individuals show a similar pattern of increasing dendritic length with age well into adulthood. However, spine density is (a) greater in young ASD cases compared to age‐matched TD controls (<18 years old) and (b) decreases in the amygdala as people with ASD age into adulthood, a phenomenon not found in TD. Therefore, by adulthood, there is no observable difference in spine density in the amygdala between ASD and TD age‐matched adults (≥18 years old). Our findings highlight the unique growth trajectory of the amygdala and suggest that spine density may contribute to aberrant development and function of the amygdala in children with ASD.
Pericytes and their potential in regenerative medicine across species
Authors: Esteves C. L. , Donadeu F. X. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe discovery that pericytes are in vivo counterparts of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells (MSCs) has placed these perivascular cells in the research spotlight, bringing up hope for a well‐characterized cell source for clinical applications, alternative to poorly defined, heterogeneous MSCs preparations currently in use. Native pericytes express typical MSC markers and, after isolation by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting, display an MSC phenotype in culture. These features have been demonstrated in different species, including humans and horses, the main targets of regenerative treatments. Significant clinical potential of pericytes has been shown by transplantation of human cells into rodent models of tissue injury, and it is hoped that future studies will demonstrate clinical potential in veterinary species. Here, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on pericytes across different species including humans, companion and large animal models, in relation to their identification in different body tissues, methodology for prospective isolation, characterization, and potential for tissue regeneration. © 2017 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Tannic Acid Modified Electrochemical Biosensor for Glucose Sensing Based on Direct Electrochemistry
Authors: Çakıroğlu Bekir , Özacar Mahmut 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA novel glucose biosensor was constructed through the immobilization of glucose oxidase (GOx) on gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) deposited, and chemically reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposite. In the synthesis, tannic acid (TA) was used for the reduction of both graphene oxide, and Au3+ to rGO, and Au NPs, respectively. Also, by harnessing the π‐π interaction between graphene oxide and TA, and protein‐TA interaction, a novel nanocomposite for the fabrication of a third generation biosensor was successfully constructed. Upon the oxidation of TA to quinone, which is easily reducible at the negative potential range, enhanced electron transfer was obtained. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) results demonstrated a pair of well‐defined and quasi‐reversible redox peaks of active site molecule of GOx. The biosensor exhibited a linear response to glucose concentrations varying from 2 to 10 mM with a sensitivity of 18.73 mA mM−1 cm−2. The fabricated biosensor was used for the determination of glucose in beverages.
CRISPR Becomes Clearer
Authors: Torrance Andrew W. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn this pivotal year for gene editing, the breakthrough molecular system CRISPR–Cas9 has advanced on three fronts. In under seven months, an influential scientific body—the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine—cracked open the door to human germline gene editing, ownership of patents covering CRISPR–Cas9 came into much sharper focus as a result of a dispute between two parties, and experiments showing proof of concept of the most controversial of uses—altering germlines of humans—were revealed as having been successfully performed by a mainstream laboratory. Given the vast spoils that await the patent owners, final results of all patent disputes over CRISPR–Cas9 patents may stretch on for years. Meanwhile, bioethical considerations of CRISPR–Cas9 have also been contentious as the United States and other countries grapple with how best to regulate gene editing.
The Case for Resource Sensitivity: Why It Is Ethical to Provide Cheaper, Less Effective Treatments in Global Health
Authors: Persad Govind C. , Emanuel Ezekiel J. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWhen Dr. Hortense screens her patients in Chicago for cervical dysplasia and cancer, she conducts a pelvic exam, takes a sample of cervical cells, and sends them for Pap cytology and human papilloma virus DNA co‐testing. But when she conducts cervical cancer screening in Botswana, she employs a much simpler diagnostic strategy. She applies acetic acid to highlight precancerous lesions and visually inspects the cervix—a technique known as the VIA (visual inspection with acetic acid) method. She treats suspicious lesions with cryotherapy.There are multiple reasons that Dr. Hortense uses VIA in developing countries. It requires no specialized laboratory facilities or highly trained personnel. With immediate results, there is no delay in diagnosis and treatment, ensuring that patients are not lost to follow‐up. Most importantly, VIA is considerably cheaper than Pap and HPV co‐testing. This difference in care between Chicago and Botswana presents an ethical dilemma in global health: is it ethically acceptable to provide some patients cheaper treatments that are less effective or more toxic than the treatments other patients receive? We argue that it is ethical to consider local resource constraints when deciding what interventions to provide. The provision of cheaper, less effective health care is frequently the most effective way of promoting health and realizing the ethical values of utility, equality, and priority to the worst off.
The Pluralism of Coherent Approaches to Global Health
Authors: London Alex John 
Published: September 2017

AbstractStakeholders in global health, including governments, international and nongovernmental organizations, and corporations, face complex decisions about how to help improve the lives of those most burdened by sickness and disease while upholding their rights and facilitating the transition to a more just social and political order. In “The Case for Resource‐Sensitivity: Why It Is Ethical to Provide Cheaper, Less Effective Treatments in Global Health,” Govind Persad and Ezekiel Emanuel argue that “[t]he provision of health care in developing countries should reflect what best balances utility, equality, and priority to the least advantaged in those countries.” This positive proposal faces several difficulties. For one thing, it is not clear that these are the only relevant values, and moreover, even if we assume that they are, we do not know what global health policies these values rule out because conflict between the values is pervasive.
Dermatotoxicology of sulfur mustard: Historical perspectives from World War I
Authors: Jiang Austin , Maibach Howard 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSulfur mustard has been used as a chemical warfare agent for the past century. After its introduction by the Germans in World War I, investigators quickly began studying its impact on the human body including its deleterious effects on skin. This review focuses on two groups in particular who conducted experiments from 1917 to 1918: the United States Army at the American University Experiment Station Laboratories and Torald Sollmann at Western Reserve University. Through this work, these researchers proved far ahead of their time by anticipating dermatologic phenomena not described in the literature until later in the twentieth century. These include regional variation of percutaneous penetration, effect of vehicle on penetration and predicting immunologic contact urticaria. The work conducted by these researchers set the groundwork for much of twentieth century dermatotoxicology.
Immobilization of vitronectin‐binding heparan sulfates onto surfaces to support human pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Yap Lynn , Murali Sadasivam , Bhakta Gajadhar , Titmarsh Drew M. , Chen Allen Kuan‐Liang , Chiin Sim Lyn , Bardor Muriel , Lim Yu Ming , Goh James C.H. , Oh Steve K.W. , Choo Andre B.H. , van Wijnen Andre J. , Robinson David E. , Whittle Jason D. , Birch William R. , Short Robert D. , Nurcombe Victor , Cool Simon M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractFunctionalizing medical devices with polypeptides to enhance their performance has become important for improved clinical success. The extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion protein vitronectin (VN) is an effective coating, although the chemistry used to attach VN often reduces its bioactivity. In vivo, VN binds the ECM in a sequence‐dependent manner with heparan sulfate (HS) glycosaminoglycans. We reasoned therefore that sequence‐based affinity chromatography could be used to isolate a VN‐binding HS fraction (HS9) for use as a coating material to capture VN onto implant surfaces. Binding avidity and specificity of HS9 were confirmed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR)‐based assays. Plasma polymerization of allylamine (AA) to tissue culture‐treated polystyrene (TCPS) was then used to capture and present HS9 as determined by radiolabeling and ELISA. HS9‐coated TCPS avidly bound VN, and this layered surface supported the robust attachment, expansion, and maintenance of human pluripotent stem cells. Compositional analysis demonstrated that 6‐O‐ and N‐sulfation, as well as lengths greater than three disaccharide units (dp6) are critical for VN binding to HS‐coated surfaces. Importantly, HS9 coating reduced the threshold concentration of VN required to create an optimally bioactive surface for pluripotent stem cells. We conclude that affinity‐purified heparan sugars are able to coat materials to efficiently bind adhesive factors for biomedical applications. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1887–1896, 2018.
Thermal performance and acclimatization of a component of snake (Agkistrodon piscivorus) innate immunity
Authors: Graham Sean P. , Fielman Kevin T. , Mendonça Mary T. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractComplement—an immune protein cascade involved in pathogen lysis—was discovered as a temperature‐labile component of vertebrate plasma, yet since that time the thermal performance of complement has not received much attention from a comparative or ecological perspective. We investigated two thermal hypotheses involving the complement system of the cottonmouth snake (Agkistrodon piscivorus). We tested whether complement performance would conform to optimal thermal reaction norms commonly observed in ectotherm ecophysiological studies, predicting that complement efficiency would be maximal at or near the cottonmouth's field body temperatures. We also tested thermal acclimatization of complement performance, by comparing temperature/performance curves from samples collected in three different seasons. Complement efficiency exhibited the same significant positive correlation with temperature in all three seasons. This seasonally invariable temperature‐performance relationship may allow easy acquisition of behavioral fever, as well as trade‐offs between immune performance and energy balance, ultimately endowing snakes with immunological flexibility not available to endotherms.
Demographic and temporal variations in immunity and condition of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) from the southern Beaufort Sea
Authors: Neuman‐Lee Lorin A. , Terletzky Patricia A. , Atwood Todd C. , Gese Eric M. , Smith Geoffrey D. , Greenfield Sydney , Pettit John , French Susannah S. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAssessing the health and condition of animals in their natural environment can be problematic. Many physiological metrics, including immunity, are highly influenced by specific context and recent events to which researchers may be unaware. Thus, using a multifaceted physiological approach and a context‐specific analysis encompassing multiple time scales can be highly informative. Ecoimmunological tools in particular can provide important indications to the health of animals in the wild. We collected blood and hair samples from free‐ranging polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in the southern Beaufort Sea and examined the influence of sex, age, and reproductive status on metrics of immunity, stress, and body condition during 2013–2015. We examined metrics of innate immunity (bactericidal ability and lysis) and stress (hair cortisol, reactive oxygen species, and oxidative barrier), in relation to indices of body condition considered to be short term (urea to creatinine ratio; UC ratio) and long term (storage energy and body mass index). We found the factors of sex, age, and reproductive status of the bear were critical for interpreting different physiological metrics. Additionally, the metrics of body condition were important predictors for stress indicators. Finally, many of these metrics differed between years, illustrating the need to examine populations on a longer time scale. Taken together, this study demonstrates the complex relationship between multiple facets of physiology and how interpretation requires us to examine individuals within a specific context.
UPLC‐QTOF‐MSE‐based diagnostic product ion filtering to unveil unstable C6‐C2 glucoside conjugates in Forsythia suspensa
Authors: Xia Yong‐Gang , Liang Jun , Guo Xin‐Dong , Sun Hui‐Min , Kuang Hai‐Xue 
Published: September 2017

AbstractForsythia suspensa contains C6‐C2 glucoside conjugates (CCGCs) that are chemically unstable, thereby hindering their isolation and purification. In the present study, ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UPLC‐QTOF) was utilized to screen and identify unstable CCGCs in the fruits and leaves of F. suspensa without any tedious isolation and purified process based on independent information acquisition (also called MSE) and individual MS/MS experiments. Diagnostic product ion filtering (DPIF) was further applied to mine unknown analogs in MSE high energy levels based on characteristic m/z of key substructures. A modified nomenclature for CCGCs is hereby proposed to facilitate discussions. Possible fragmentation pathways of major types of known CCGCs were proposed and used for deducing their structures. A total of 8 potentially new CCGCs were discovered and initially identified. The accuracy of their identification was further verified by structural elucidation of 3 unstable CCGCs isolated from the fruits of F. suspensa using 1D and 2D‐NMR spectroscopy. The established UPLC‐QTOF‐MSE‐based DPIF technique facilitates the rapid discovery and direct identification of unstable CCGCs in fruits and leaves of F. suspensa.