bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suicidal Behavior Among Hospitalized Adults With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A United States Nationwide Analysis
Authors: Marchioni Beery Renée M , Barnes Edward L , Nadkarni Ashwini , Korzenik Joshua R 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Background
Suicidal behavior in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been minimally explored. We aimed to determine United States (US) nationally representative prevalence estimates of suicidal ideation (SI) and suicide/self-inflicted injury (S/SII) among hospitalized adults with IBD and to examine trends in suicidal behavior over time.

Methods
A retrospective cross-sectional study using National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample data (2006–2011) identified adults with Crohn’s disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC), SI or S/SII, and multiple comorbid risk factors for suicidal behavior.

Results
We identified 331,777 (estimated 1.64 million) IBD-related hospitalizations (64% CD, 36% UC) and 39,787,239 (estimated 196.08 million) hospitalizations among the general US population. Among IBD-related hospitalizations, 2502 discharges were associated with SI (prevalence 0.76%) and 1104 with S/SII (prevalence 0.33%). Both were significantly greater in CD versus UC (P &lt; 0.001). Relative to the general US population, IBD patients were significantly less likely to demonstrate suicidal behavior: (SI:0.33% versus 0.59%, P &lt; 0.001) (S/SII:0.75% versus 1.04%, P &lt; 0.001). Multivariable logistic regression revealed that IBD was associated with decreased odds of SI (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.62, 95%CI 0.60–0.65) and S/SII (aOR 0.43, 95%CI 0.40–0.45) relative to the general population, and suicidal behavior was lower in IBD compared to disease-related controls with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Similar increasing trends in suicidal behavior were observed in IBD and non-IBD populations (2006–2011).

Conclusion
In this large US database, SI or S/SII occurred in over 1% of the IBD population and was increased in CD versus UC.
10.1093/ibd/izx005_video1 izx005.video1 5732754099001
Integrating population genomics and biophysical models towards evolutionary-based fisheries management
Authors: Baltazar-Soares Miguel , Hinrichsen Hans-Harald , Eizaguirre Christophe 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Overfishing and rapid environmental shifts pose severe challenges to the resilience and viability of marine fish populations. To develop and implement measures that enhance species’ adaptive potential to cope with those pressures while, at the same time, ensuring sustainable exploitation rates is part of the central goal of fisheries management. Here, we argue that a combination of biophysical modelling and population genomic assessments offer ideal management tools to define stocks, their physical connectivity and ultimately, their short-term adaptive potential. To date, biophysical modelling has often been confined to fisheries ecology whereas evolutionary hypotheses remain rarely considered. When identified, connectivity patterns are seldom explored to understand the evolution and distribution of adaptive genetic variation, a proxy for species’ evolutionary potential. Here, we describe a framework that expands on the conventional seascape genetics approach by using biophysical modelling and population genomics. The goals are to identify connectivity patterns and selective pressures, as well as putative adaptive variants directly responding to the selective pressures and, ultimately, link both to define testable hypotheses over species response to shifting ecological conditions and overexploitation.
Extreme Values of the Riemann Zeta Function on the 1-Line
Authors: Aistleitner Christoph , Mahatab Kamalakshya , Munsch Marc 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
We prove that there are arbitrarily large values of t such that $|\zeta (1+it)| \geq e^{\gamma } (\log _{2} t +\log _{3} t) + \mathcal{O}(1)$. This essentially matches the prediction for the optimal lower bound in a conjecture of Granville and Soundararajan. Our proof uses a new variant of the “long resonator” method. While earlier implementations of this method crucially relied on a “sparsification” technique to control the mean-square of the resonator function, in the present paper we exploit certain self-similarity properties of a specially designed resonator function.
Employment Tribunal Fees and the Rule of Law: R (Unison) v Lord Chancellor in the Supreme Court
Authors: Ford Michael 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
In R (UNISON) v Lord Chancellor (Equality and Human Rights Commission Intervening) the Supreme Court held that fees for bringing claims in the employment tribunal were unlawful both under common law and as a matter of EU law. The judgment has very significant implications for any system in which the enforcement of employment or social rights is left to individual claimants, the paradigmatic model adopted in the UK. Recent government policy has ignored the public function of individual tribunal claims in delivering employment rights at the systemic level, exemplified by the theoretical assumptions and justifications which lay behind the introduction of fees. The Supreme Court’s analysis of the rule of law and the common law right of access to justice is in sharp conflict with these policies. I discuss the difference between the common law principles and the parallel principles in EU law and under Article 6 of the ECHR. The article explores the consequences of the judgment for cases rejected, dismissed or not brought owing to fees, and its longer-term implications for impediments to access to courts and tribunals, all the more important with Brexit on the horizon. The judgment represents an important triumph of the rule of law over the increased marketisation of legal rights.
Potential Adverse Effects of Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Exposure in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Wiens Jenna , Snyder Graham M , Finlayson Samuel , Mahoney Monica V , Celi Leo Anthony 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Background
The potential adverse effects of empiric broad-spectrum antimicrobial use among patients with suspected but subsequently excluded infection have not been fully characterized. We sought novel methods to quantify the risk of adverse effects of broad-spectrum antimicrobial exposure among patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods
Among all adult patients admitted to ICUs at a single institution, we selected patients with negative blood cultures who also received ≥1 broad-spectrum antimicrobials. Broad-spectrum antimicrobials were categorized in ≥1 of 5 categories based on their spectrum of activity against potential pathogens. We performed, in serial, 5 cohort studies to measure the effect of each broad-spectrum category on patient outcomes. Exposed patients were defined as those receiving a specific category of broad-spectrum antimicrobial; nonexposed were all other patients in the cohort. The primary outcome was 30-day mortality. Secondary outcomes included length of hospital and ICU stay and nosocomial acquisition of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (ARB) or Clostridium difficile within 30 days of admission.

Results
Among the study cohort of 1918 patients, 316 (16.5%) died within 30 days, 821 (42.8%) had either a length of hospital stay &gt;7 days or an ICU length of stay &gt;3 days, and 106 (5.5%) acquired either a nosocomial ARB or C. difficile. The short-term use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials in any of the defined broad-spectrum categories was not significantly associated with either primary or secondary outcomes.

Conclusions
The prompt and brief empiric use of defined categories of broad-spectrum antimicrobials could not be associated with additional patient harm.
THE INTEGRATIVE SURGICAL THEATER
Authors: Ehlers Justis P. , Uchida Atsuro , Srivastava Sunil K. 
Published: December 2017

Purpose:
To evaluate the feasibility of integrating intraoperative optical coherence tomography (OCT) with a digital visualization platform for vitreoretinal surgery.

Methods:
The DISCOVER study is a prospective study examining microscope-integrated intraoperative OCT across multiple prototypes and platforms. For this assessment, a microscope-integrated OCT platform was combined with a three-dimensional (3D) surgical visualization system to allow for digital display of the OCT data stream on the large immersive display. Intraoperative OCT scans were obtained at various surgical milestones that were directly overlaid to the surgical view in a 55-inch passive 3D 4K high-definition display. Surgeon feedback was obtained related to system performance and integration into the surgical procedures through a prespecified surgeon questionnaire.

Results:
Seven eyes of seven subjects were identified. Clinical diagnosis included epiretinal membrane (n = 3), macular hole (2), symptomatic vitreous opacity (1), and proliferative vitreoretinopathy (1). Optical coherence tomography images were successfully obtained and displayed on the 4K screen in all cases. Intraoperative OCT images facilitated identification of subtle retinal alterations. Surgeons reported that the 4K screen seemed to provide improved visualization of the OCT data stream compared with the semitransparent ocular view. Surgeons were able to examine the OCT data on the 4K screen without reverting to the external display system of the microscope. The system provided a uniform surgical visualization experience for both the surgeon and the assistant. In addition, the digital platform allowed all surgical personnel to simultaneously view both the OCT and the surgical field. All eyes underwent uneventful vitrectomy without reverting to the conventional microscope. No intraoperative adverse events occurred.

Conclusion:
Integration of OCT into the digital visualization system may enable unique opportunities for surgeon feedback of intraoperative diagnostics. The overlay of the OCT data onto the 4K monitor seemed to provide excellent visualization of OCT details. Further research is needed to compare the conventional microscope–based approach to the digital 3D screen approach in regards to intraoperative OCT.
Defining the Process of a Cardiovascular Risk Assessment Program: Lessons Learned From Cardiac Assessment of Elite Soccer Players in the United Kingdom
Authors: Speers Christopher , Seth Ajai Narain , Patel Kiran Chhaganbhai , Rakhit Dhrubo Jyoti , Gillett Mark James 
Published: December 2017

Objective:
Retrospectively analyze the cardiac assessment process for elite soccer players, and provide team physicians with a systematic guide to managing longitudinal cardiac risk.

Design:
Descriptive Epidemiology Study.

Setting:
Cardiac assessments incorporating clinical examination, 12-lead ECG, echocardiography, and health questionnaire.

Participants:
Soccer players at 5 professional clubs in England, the United Kingdom.

Intervention:
Data was retrospectively collected, inspected, and analyzed to determine their clinical management and subsequent follow-up.

Results:
Over 2 years, 265 soccer players, aged 13 to 37 years with 66% of white European ethnicity, were included in the cohort. Eleven percent had “not-normal” assessments, of these assessments, 83% were considered gray screens, falling into three broad categories: structural cardiac features (including valvular abnormalities), functional cardiac features, and electrocardiogram changes. After cardiology consultation, all assessments were grouped into low, enhanced and high-risk categories for ongoing longitudinal risk management. Overall clear-cut pathology was identified in 2%.

Conclusions:
Cardiovascular assessment is a vital tool in identifying athletes at risk of sudden cardiac death to mitigate their risk through surveillance, intervention, or participation restriction. The decision whether a player is fit to play or not requires a robust risk assessment followed by input from a multidisciplinary team that includes both the team physician and cardiologist. This educational article proposes a clinical management pathway to aid clinicians with this process.

Clinical Relevance:
Sudden cardiac death is the important medical cause of death during exercise. The team physician should assume responsibility for the management of the longitudinal risk of their players' cardiac assessments in conjunction with sports cardiologist.
Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment in the Emergency Department
Authors: Pringle Janice L. , Kelley David K. , Kearney Shannon M. , Aldridge Arnie , Dowd William , Johnjulio William , Venkat Arvind , Madden Michael , Lovelace John 
Published: December 2017

Background:
There is increasing interest in deploying screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) practices in emergency departments (ED) to intervene with patients at risk for substance use disorders. However, the current literature is inconclusive on whether SBIRT practices are effective in reducing costs and utilization.

Objective:
This study sought to evaluate the health care costs and health care utilization associated with SBIRT services in the ED.

Research Design:
This study analyzed downstream health care utilization and costs for patients who were exposed to SBIRT services within an Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, ED through a program titled Safe Landing compared with 3 control groups of ED patients (intervention hospital preintervention, and preintervention and postintervention time period at a comparable, nonintervention hospital).

Subjects:
The subjects were patients who received ED SBIRT services from January 1 to December 31 in 2012 as part of the Safe Landing program. One control group received ED services at the same hospital during a previous year. Two other control groups were patients who received ED services at another comparable hospital.

Measures:
Measures include total health care costs, 30-day ED visits, 1-year ED visits, inpatient claims, and behavioral health claims.

Results:
Results found that patients who received SBIRT services experienced a 21% reduction in health care costs and a significant reduction in 1-year ED visits (decrease of 3.3 percentage points).

Conclusions:
This study provides further support that SBIRT programs are cost-effective and cost-beneficial approaches to substance use disorders management, important factors as policy advocates continue to disseminate SBIRT practices throughout the health care system.
Tamoxifen-Prefabricated Beige Adipose Tissue Improves Fat Graft Survival in Mice
Authors: Cai Junrong , Li Bin , Wang Jing , Liu Kaiyang , Zhang Yuteng , Liao Yunjun , Lu Feng 
Published: December 2017

Background:
Fat grafting has become an important tool for breast reconstruction in breast cancer patients. Tamoxifen, the hormone therapy agent most frequently used for breast cancer, can affect adipose metabolism and cause browning of adipose tissue. This study hypothesized that tamoxifen could increase fat graft survival by altering adipose metabolism.

Methods:
C57/BL6 mice were divided into three groups receiving different treatments before and after fat grafting. The tamoxifen/grafting/tamoxifen group was pretreated with daily tamoxifen for 8 weeks, received fat grafting, and was treated with daily tamoxifen. The graft/tamoxifen group was pretreated with daily phosphate-buffered saline for 8 weeks, received fat grafting, and was treated with daily tamoxifen. The control group was pretreated with daily phosphate-buffered saline for 8 weeks, received fat grafting, and was treated with daily phosphate-buffered saline. The inguinal fat used for transplantation and the transferred fat at weeks 4 and 12 after transplantation were harvested and analyzed.

Results:
Tamoxifen-pretreated inguinal fat showed beige fat features, with smaller adipocyte size, up-regulated uncoupling protein 1 expression, and improved vascularization. The retention rate of transferred fat was significantly higher in the tamoxifen/grafting/tamoxifen group than in the control group (69 ± 12 percent versus 36 ± 13 percent; p < 0.05), but fat grafts in the graft/tamoxifen group had a retention rate similar to that in the control group (31 ± 12 percent versus 36 ± 13 percent; p > 0.05). Improved angiogenesis and increased vascular endothelial growth factor expression were found in the tamoxifen/grafting/tamoxifen group but not in the graft/tamoxifen group.

Conclusions:
Tamoxifen treatment before fat grafting resulted in prefabricated vascularized beige fat with small adipocytes, which greatly improve fat graft survival. However, tamoxifen after fat grafting did not affect fat graft evolution.
Glycemic variability is associated with myocardial damage in nondiabetic patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Oka Satoshi , Deyama Juntaro , Umetani Ken , Harama Tomoko , Shimizu Takuya , Makino Aritaka , Sano Keita , Nakamura Masahiko 
Published: December 2017

Background
Glycemic variability (GV) induces coronary microcirculatory disturbance and myocardial damage in diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction. However, in nondiabetic acute myocardial infarction patients, the relationship between GV and myocardial damage remains unclear.

Patients and methods
We investigated GV with a continuous glucose monitoring system in nondiabetic ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients treated with emergent percutaneous coronary intervention. GV was expressed as the mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE). Myocardial damage was estimated by myocardial blush grade and ST-segment resolution (STRes). STRes was defined as complete (>70%), partial (30–70%), or none (<30%).

Results
Consecutive patients (n=73) were enrolled and classified into a lower or higher MAGE group on the basis of the median MAGE. The higher MAGE group showed lower levels of myocardial blush grade (2.41±0.76 vs. 1.72±0.85, P=0.001) and STRes (complete: 56.8 vs. 33.3%, P=0.044; partial: 32.4 vs. 36.1%, P=0.741; none: 10.8 vs. 30.6%, P=0.037).

Conclusion
GV was associated with myocardial damage after percutaneous coronary intervention in nondiabetic ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients.
Feeding strategies in arthropods from the Rhynie and Windyfield cherts: ecological diversification in an early non-marine biota
Authors: Haug Carolin 
Published: December 2017

The key to understanding fossil ecosystems is to understand the life habits of long extinct organisms. Yet, as direct observations are no longer possible, morphological details are usually the only available data source. One important aspect of lifestyle is feeding strategies, which can be inferred from morphological structures in comparison with those of extant relatives. The Lower Devonian Rhynie and Windyfield cherts preserve even minute structures to a high degree of detail, which allows investigation of the functional morphology of structures possibly involved in feeding. In this contribution, the feeding structures of different arthropods from the Rhynie and Windyfield cherts are described and the corresponding feeding strategies of the animals are discussed. This overview illustrates that in this early non-marine biota, a wide range of feeding strategies already existed.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘The Rhynie cherts: our earliest terrestrial ecosystem revisited’.
Fungi and fungal interactions in the Rhynie chert: a review of the evidence, with the description ofPerexiflasca taylorianagen. et sp. nov.†
Authors: Krings Michael , Harper Carla J. , Taylor Edith L. 
Published: December 2017

The Lower Devonian Rhynie chert is one of the most important rock deposits yielding comprehensive information on early continental plant, animal and microbial life. Fungi are especially abundant among the microbial remains, and include representatives of all major fungal lineages except Basidiomycota. This paper surveys the evidence assembled to date of fungal hyphae, mycelial cords and reproductive units (e.g. spores, sporangia, sporocarps), and presents examples of fungal associations and interactions with land plants, other fungi, algae, cyanobacteria and animals from the Rhynie chert. Moreover, a small, chytrid-like organism that occurs singly, in chain-like, linear arrangements, planar assemblages and three-dimensional aggregates of less than 10 toindividuals in degrading land plant tissue in the Rhynie chert is formally described, and the namePerexiflasca taylorianaproposed for the organism.Perexiflasca taylorianaprobably colonized senescent or atrophied plant parts and participated in the process of biological degradation. The fungal fossils described to date from the Rhynie chert constitute the largest body of structurally preserved evidence of fungi and fungal interactions from any rock deposit, and strongly suggest that fungi played important roles in the functioning of the Early Devonian Rhynie ecosystem.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘The Rhynie cherts: our earliest terrestrial ecosystem revisited’.
Ex vivolive cell tracking in kidney organoids using light sheet fluorescence microscopy
Authors: Held Marie , Santeramo Ilaria , Wilm Bettina , Murray Patricia , Lévy Raphaël 
Published: December 2017

AbstractScreening cells for their differentiation potential requires a combination of tissue culture models and imaging methods that allow for long-term tracking of the location and function of cells. Embryonic kidney re-aggregationin vitroassays have been established which allow for the monitoring of organotypic cell behaviour in re-aggregated and chimeric renal organoids. However, evaluation of cell integration is hampered by the high photonic load of standard fluorescence microscopy which poses challenges for imaging three-dimensional systems in real-time over a time course. Therefore, we employed light sheet microscopy, a technique that vastly reduces photobleaching and phototoxic effects. We have also developed a new method for culturing the re-aggregates which involves immersed culture, generating organoids which more closely reflect developmentin vivo. To facilitate imaging from various angles, we embedded the organoids in a freely rotatable hydrogel cylinder. Endpoint fixing and staining were performed to provide additional biomolecular information. We succeeded in imaging labelled cells within re-aggregated kidney organoids over 15 hours and tracking their fate while simultaneously monitoring the development of organotypic morphological structures. Our results show that Wt1-expressing embryonic kidney cells obtained from transgenic mice could integrate into re-aggregated chimeric kidney organoids and contribute to developing nephrons. Furthermore, the nascent proximal tubules that formed in the re-aggregated tissues using the new culture method displayed secretory function, as evidenced by their ability to secrete an organic anion mimic into the tubular lumen.