bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La lexicométrie française : naissance, évolution et perspectives
Authors: Brunet Etienne 
Published: March 2017

Au terme d’une carrière de cinquante ans entièrement consacrée à la statistique linguistique, l’auteur tente d’établir un bilan de la discipline, au moins pour le domaine français. Il s’attache d’abord à évoquer les premières initiatives auxquelles sont associés entre autres les noms de Guiraud, Quemada, Gougenheim, Tournier et Muller. Puis il suit l’évolution des méthodes qui tendent à s’éloigner du modèle inférentiel prôné par Muller pour adopter une démarche descriptive où l’analyse s’appuie sur des calculs multidimensionnels. En passant de la calculette à l’ordinateur, l’outil informatique développe sa puissance sur des corpus de taille croissante, dont certains font l’objet d’un examen particulier : la BNF, Frantext, SketchEngine et enfin Google Books. La taille de ce dernier projet – qui atteint presque 100 milliards de mots pour la production française de ces deux derniers siècles – peut donner le vertige au jugement, sans effacer le doute, la composition du corpus, inégale et incertaine, faussant la chronologie. On en conclut que l’évidence aveuglante d’un résultat graphique ne doit pas en imposer à la raison. L’effet peut-être massif, et la cause obscure. La lexicométrie s’est beaucoup étendue en surface; il lui faut aussi gagner en profondeur.
La presse canadienne francophone et les événements du « 11 septembre » : une analyse des textes médiatiques par Sphinx et Hyperbase
Authors: Richard Chantal , Kasparian Sylvia , de Finney James 
Published: March 2017

Comment les journaux francophones du Canada ont-ils traité des événements tragiques du 11 septembre 2001? Ce drame a provoqué un grand besoin de compréhension de la part de la population canadienne. Devant l’ampleur de l’événement, les médias canadiens ont réagi et proposé plusieurs articles informatifs et analytiques autour de cet événement tragique qui a bouleversé le monde entier. À partir d’un corpus constitué de 158 textes, tirés de six journaux qui représentent les principales régions francophones du Canada, Le Devoir, Le Soleil, La Presse, L’Acadie Nouvelle, Le Droit, La Liberté et représentant la totalité des textes qui font mention de l’expression « 11 septembre » dans les articles publiés entre le 11 septembre 2001 et le 12 septembre 2002, nous avons essayé de décrire par une analyse lexicale et thématique, grâce à des outils informatisés d’ADT, les représentations ainsi véhiculées dans la presse francophone au Canada.
INTEX à l’épreuve de la description de la morphosyntaxe du verbe aller en français acadien
Authors: Chapados Aline , Kasparian Sylvia 
Published: March 2017

Les utilisations du verbe aller dans les français régionaux diffèrent de celles du français standard, tant sur le plan de leurs contextes que sur le plan de leurs formes. Ce projet vise deux objectifs : d’abord, dépouiller, par l’intermédiaire de l’outil informatique INTEX les différents contextes morphosyntaxiques du verbe aller dans le roman Pélagie-la-Charrette d’Antonine Maillet, et ensuite, intégrer ces résultats au logiciel sous la forme d’un dictionnaire selon le cadre méthodologique développé par Maurice Gross au LADL (Laboratoire d’Automatique Documentaire et linguistique). Ce travail se veut un premier pas vers la création d’un dictionnaire INTEX du français acadien. Nous présenterons les formes graphiques du verbe aller telles qu’elles se présentent dans les corpus oraux et écrits ainsi que les graphes construits dans INTEX pour les décrire. Nous aborderons enfin le dictionnaire des expressions figées du verbe aller construit à partir de ces données.
De Montmartre à Broadway : le cabaret Au matou botté de Montréal (1929-1932)
Authors: Bellemare Luc 
Published: March 2017

L’existence éphémère du cabaret Au matou botté (1929-1932) de Montréal illustre à merveille la « crise de l’homme et de l’esprit » entrant dans la modernité, telle que décrite par l’historien Yvan Lamonde. En novembre 1929, les revuistes Roméo Poirier et Albéric Bourgeois fondent le cabaret Au matou botté à l’étage du restaurant Kerhulu & Odiau, dans le Quartier latin. Envers et contre tous les obstacles, ce café-concert va vivre trois grandes périodes créatives. De l’ouverture jusqu’à mai 1930, la boîte calquée sur le modèle de Montmartre connaît un vif succès en occupant une niche identitaire canadienne-française laissée vacante par les autres lieux de divertissement de la ville. La programmation inclut des chansons françaises, des récitals lyriques, des sketches comiques et des thés dansants. En mai 1930, lorsque Paul Max et Eugène Vivez reprennent la direction artistique, le cabaret adopte le style plus rentable d’un nightclub de Broadway, avec orchestre de jazz, chansons anglaises, pantomimes italiennes et animal dances – fox-trot et autres danses aux pas inspirés d’animaux. Les touristes apprécient bien l’ambiance renouvelée, mais la clientèle des fastes débuts a déserté. À l’automne 1930, le cabaret semble se chercher une identité basée sur un compromis entre Montmartre et Broadway. Nous verrons pourquoi l’organisation d’événements spéciaux, la présence d’artistes locaux et internationaux, la contribution de vedettes de cinéma et la diffusion d’une émission au poste radio CKAC ne suffiront malheureusement pas à assurer la viabilité des lieux.
The Effects of Repeated Readings on the Reading Performances of Hispanic English Language Learners with Specific Learning Disabilities
Authors: Landa Katrina G. , Barbetta Patricia M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA multiple probe across participants design was used to explore the effects of repeated readings on the reading fluency, errors, and comprehension of 4, third-to-fifth grade English language learners (ELLs) with specific learning disabilities (SLD). Also, generalization measures to untaught passages and maintenance data were collected. In baseline, participants read a passage aloud once, while during repeated readings, they read a passage 3 times. In the repeated readings condition, participants read more words correctly per minute, made fewer reading errors, and answered more literal comprehension questions correctly. The gains observed generalized to untaught passages. A majority of scores on maintenance probes at 2, 4, and 6 weeks maintained near or above the levels scored for each dependent variable during the last intervention session.
Implementing an Intervention in Special Education to Promote Social Skills in an Inclusive Setting
Authors: Puckett Kathleen , Mathur Sarup R. , Zamora Roxanne 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
This study examined the effects of instruction, delivered in a special education classroom, to improve classroom behaviors and support the emergence of social skills in an inclusive classroom for two fourth grade male students with behavioral concerns. The intervention consisted of peer mentoring, interactive social narratives, video modeling and technology-aided instruction. Effectiveness of the intervention was determined using multiple baseline design across three behaviors and analysis of student interviews and journals. Results indicate that classroom behaviors improved and students reported changes in themselves, increased motivation, and emerging friendships. Implications for using evidence-based practices to improve social functioning of students with behavioral difficulties in an action research study are presented.
Perceptions of Disability and Special Education Among East Asian Parents:
Authors: Yan Min-Chi , Kim Sunyoung , Kang Hyun-Ju , Wilkerson Kimber L. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe purpose of the current literature review is to understand how East Asian American (EAA) parents of students with disabilities perceive disabilities and special education. These parental perspectives are compared to those of their East Asian (EA) parents to better understand whether EAA parents adjust their perceptions in the U.S. Findings from 21 studies indicate both similarities and differences between EAA parents and EA parents regarding (1) parents' perceptions of disability, including (a) familiarity with the concept of disability, (b) child's disability type, and (c) religious beliefs and (2) parents' perceptions of special education and related services, including (a) highly qualified teachers, (b) overall quality of special education and related services, and (c) level of parental involvement in their child's education. Implications for research and practice are discussed, including the need for increasing awareness of disabilities among immigrant communities and the promotion of parental involvement in schools.
Calculating surface ocean pCO2 from biogeochemical Argo floats equipped with pH: An uncertainty analysis
Authors: Williams N. L. , Juranek L. W. , Feely R. A. , Johnson K. S. , Sarmiento J. L. , Talley L. D. , Dickson A. G. , Gray A. R. , Wanninkhof R. , Russell J. L. , Riser S. C. , Takeshita Y. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMore than 74 biogeochemical profiling floats that measure water column pH, oxygen, nitrate, fluorescence, and backscattering at 10 day intervals have been deployed throughout the Southern Ocean. Calculating the surface ocean partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2sw) from float pH has uncertainty contributions from the pH sensor, the alkalinity estimate, and carbonate system equilibrium constants, resulting in a relative standard uncertainty in pCO2sw of 2.7% (or 11 µatm at pCO2sw of 400 µatm). The calculated pCO2sw from several floats spanning a range of oceanographic regimes are compared to existing climatologies. In some locations, such as the subantarctic zone, the float data closely match the climatologies, but in the polar Antarctic zone significantly higher pCO2sw are calculated in the wintertime implying a greater air‐sea CO2 efflux estimate. Our results based on four representative floats suggest that despite their uncertainty relative to direct measurements, the float data can be used to improve estimates for air‐sea carbon flux, as well as to increase knowledge of spatial, seasonal, and interannual variability in this flux.
Spatial and seasonal variability in fine mineral dust and coarse aerosol mass at remote sites across the United States
Authors: Hand J. L. , Gill T. E. , Schichtel B. A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractUnderstanding the spatial and temporal variability in fine mineral dust (FD, mineral aerosols with diameters less than 2.5 µm) and coarse aerosol mass (CM, mass of aerosols with diameters between 2.5 and 10 µm) is important for accurately characterizing and perhaps mitigating their environmental and climate impacts. The spatial and seasonal variability of ambient FD and CM was characterized at rural and remote sites across the United States for 2011–2014 using concentration and elemental chemistry data from the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) aerosol monitoring network. FD concentrations were highest (and had ≥50% contributions to PM2.5 mass) in the southwestern United States in spring and across the central and southeastern United States in summer (20–30% of PM2.5 mass). CM was highest across the Southwest and southern Great Plains in spring and central United States in spring, summer, and fall (≥70% contributions to PM10 mass). Similar FD and CM seasonal variability was observed near source regions in the Southwest, but a seasonal decoupling was observed in most other regions, suggesting the contribution of nonlocal sources of FD or perhaps non‐dust‐related CM. The seasonal and spatial variability in FD elemental ratios (calcium, iron, and aluminum) was fairly uniform across the West; however, in the eastern United States a shift in summer elemental composition indicated contributions from nonlocal source regions (e.g., North Africa). Finally, long‐term trend analyses (2000–2014) indicated increased FD concentrations during spring at sites across the Southwest and during summer and fall in the southeastern and central United States.
Seasonal distribution of archaeal lipids in surface water and its constraint on their sources and the TEX86 temperature proxy in sediments of the South China Sea
Authors: Jia Guodong , Wang Xianxu , Guo Wei , Dong Liang 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe applicability of the temperature proxy based on a tetraether index of 86 carbon atoms (TEX86) from isoprenoidal glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (isoGDGTs) has increasingly been examined in the South China Sea (SCS). Views on the proxy differ on whether it is biased to a particular season or to depth in this sea. Here we studied isoGDGTs in a large number of suspended particulate matters (SPM) in surface water during summer and winter as well as several surface sediments of the northern SCS. The integration of these novel data with already published data demonstrated that isoGDGTs were similar in distribution between surface water SPM and shallow shelf sediments. They can be characterized by low ratio (<4) of [GDGT‐2]/[GDGT‐3] and low‐percentage abundance (<4%) of the crenarchaeol regioisomer; however, those in deep basin sediments showed higher values for both parameters, suggesting a substantial contribution of “deep‐water” Thaumarchaeota. The relationship between TEX86 in SPM and in situ measured sea surface temperature differed from a global calibration and showed distinct trends between summer and winter, reflecting archaeal seasonality in surface waters. By assuming the TEX86 temperature signal in shallow sediments as the weighted mean of summer and winter signals, we revealed spatial changes in the relative contribution of summer and winter archaeal isoGDGTs to sediments, with a likely higher winter contribution further offshore. This occurrence may complicate the interpretation of the shallow sedimentary TEX86 record, and further investigation is required to fully understand seasonal archaeal lipid production and sedimentation.
Accessibility, in Transportation Planning
Authors: Neutens Tijs 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Accessibility is a fundamental concept in transport and land‐use planning. It helps to explain travel choices, plays an important role in the appraisal of transport policy plans, and constitutes a precondition for regional development. While various closely related definitions have been proposed, the concept generally refers to the potential to reach spatially distributed activities using the available transportation system. Along with the proliferation of definitions, numerous indicators have been proposed to measure accessibility either from a location‐based or person‐based perspective.
Carceral Geographies
Authors: Moran Dominique 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Carceral geographies are concerned with the spaces and practices of detention and imprisonment and frequently use the carceral context as a lens through which to view concepts with wider currency within contemporary and critical human geography. Scholarship within carceral geography has tended to focus on the nature and experience of carceral spaces, the spatial geographies of incarceration, and the relationship between these spaces and practices of imprisonment and a punitive state. Carceral geography has made key contributions to debates within human geography over mobility, liminality, and embodiment, and it has increasingly found a wider audience, with geographical approaches to carceral space being taken up by and developed further within cognate disciplines of criminology and prison sociology.
Cluster Detection
Authors: Wheeler David C. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Investigating a spatial pattern of events or event counts to find a geographic area with statistically significant high probability of event occurrence is known as cluster detection. Cluster detection is used in many disciplines where spatial analysis is conducted, including archeology, biology, criminology, and epidemiology. In spatial epidemiology, cluster detection is frequently used to identify areas of significantly elevated or decreased risk of disease incidence or mortality, potentially to reveal etiologic clues. This entry reviews important concepts and several contemporary statistical analysis approaches to cluster detection, focusing particularly on applications in spatial epidemiology. The methods reviewed include generalized additive models, Bayesian hierarchical modeling, and local spatial scan statistics.
Crime
Authors: Haining Robert 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The geography of crime and criminality is important in economic, political, and social geography, and there are several theoretical approaches. For acquisitive crime (e.g., theft and burglary), theories focus on the trade‐off between risk and reward (rational choice) while emphasizing the importance of individual level and environmental factors. Acquisitive and expressive crime rates are linked to everyday lifestyles and routine activities. Two responses that try to deter crime are urban design and policing methods. While geographers have made significant contributions to work on crime and criminality, these have tended to be sporadic and partial, focusing on specific issues such as victimization rates linked to race and gender or the role of new technologies (GIS) and new methodologies (spatial analysis) in adding value to police recorded crime data. Crime has profound consequences in terms of wider social and economic impacts.
B
erkeley
S
chool
Authors: Pow C.P. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The Berkeley School of Cultural Geography emerged in the 1920s and is closely associated with the works of Carl Ortwin Sauer (1889–1975) and his students. While an intellectual development can rarely be attributed to a single individual scholar, Sauer's pivotal role is so significant that his name has become largely synonymous with the Berkeley School. Through Sauer, cultural geography became redefined as an interdisciplinary project focusing on the key theme of human–environmental interaction and cultural ecology. While the Berkeley School enjoyed a dominant status right through to the 1970s, it was heavily criticized and challenged by the rise of “new cultural geography” in the late 1980s.
Agroforestry
Authors: Suryanata Krisnawati 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Agroforestry is a common land use practice whereby trees are incorporated into agricultural landscapes. It is touted for its ability to improve farmers' livelihoods while maintaining environmental stability. Interest in indigenous technical knowledge during the 1970s renewed attention to traditional practices of intercropping. The establishment of the International Centre for Research in Agroforestry (ICRAF) in 1978 formalized the term “agroforestry.” ICRAF coordinates international research on agroforestry which was initially focused on understanding biophysical principles and ways to improve agroforestry. Political ecologists seek to expand the discussion beyond technocratic and managerial concerns, and have called attention to the fact that agroforestry is also a site of contentious struggle with overlapping property and labor claims. Planting high‐value commodity tree crops facilitates the adoption of agroforestry, but it is also a strategy of private accumulation of wealth that can shift the system's distributions of benefits, producing a range of ecological and social contradictions.
Applied Geomorphology
Authors: Meitzen Kimberly M. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Applied geomorphology is a field of science where the research outcomes provide information geomorphic landforms or processes that may be of concern to society, and, where relevant, provides solutions to problems of geomorphic context. Applied geomorphology examines geomorphic impacts that affect society, as well as society's impact on geomorphic forms and processes. The application of geomorphic knowledge to problem‐solving spans all of the classic traditions of geomorphology and is useful for human–environmental solutions across a broad range of geographies, including coastal shoreline erosion control, landslide risk assessments, and dam‐related river management issues. Resources, particularly maps, models, and prediction tools, provided by applied geomorphologists are useful to scientists, engineers, consultants, and decision‐makers involved with hazards, land‐use planning, natural resources, environmental management, and global environmental change. Applied geomorphologists working independently or serving on multidisciplinary advisory panels are well positioned to influence public policy to the benefit of society and the earth sciences.
Boreal Forest Ecosystems
Authors: Johnson E.A. , Martin Y.E. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The boreal forest is circumpolar. It had to reinvade from the south several times during the Pleistocene because of continental glaciation. Even in the Holocene the forest composition changed several times. Therefore the boreal forest we see today is a melange of histories and conditions. Only the southern end of the boreal forest has been significantly impacted by intensive land use. Peatlands are common on both uplands and lowlands due to incomplete drainage. The ground and surface waters do not always flow as the surface topography would suggest. The boreal trees can be best understood by their population dynamics as influenced by wildfire and insect outbreak disturbances. Climate warming will have the largest impact on boreal ecosystems since the Pleistocene glaciation.
Areal Differentiation (or Chorology)
Authors: Johnston Ron 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Arguments for geography as the study of areal differentiation, of the spatial distribution of physical and human phenomena as they relate to one another, were promoted as the discipline's
raison d'être
in the early twentieth century. They reflected earlier conceptions of a chorological approach to geography by Carl Sauer and, in particular, Richard Hartshorne, but whereas Sauer exemplified this relationship through the investigation of landscapes, Hartshorne focused on the study of regions. The latter approach, which for a few decades dominated the discipline, fell into disrepute as geographers increasingly specialized in particular systematic subfields, and subsequent attempts to reinvigorate descriptive accounts of particular regions have largely failed.
Apartheid
Authors: Ramutsindela Maano 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The idea of apartheid, peculiar to the Afrikaner, is a crystallization of the South African white's views on and attitudes toward people of color. Apartheid was highly idealistic as clearly shown by its ultimate goal for a permanent and complete separation of white and black people in the cultural, economic, social, political, biological, and territorial spheres of contact. The three parts of apartheid, namely, idea, policy, and measures, fused together to underpin a system of racial segregation, oppression, and exploitation in the modern South African state. This national system and its consequences for black South Africans became a rallying point for anti‐apartheid struggles that culminated in the creation of a democratic South African state in 1994. The concept of apartheid has since been adopted to explain various forms of oppression and inequalities in other parts of the world, and the nature and outcomes of national and international economic systems.