bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circulating microRNA-214 and -126 as potential biomarkers for canine neoplastic disease
Authors: Heishima Kazuki , Ichikawa Yukie , Yoshida Kyoko , Iwasaki Ryota , Sakai Hiroki , Nakagawa Takayuki , Tanaka Yuiko , Hoshino Yuki , Okamura Yasuhiko , Murakami Mami , Maruo Kohji , Akao Yukihiro , Mori Takashi 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCirculating microRNAs in the blood may provide diagnostic and prognostic information about canine neoplastic diseases, and their profiles may be conserved between human and canine species. We performed RT-qPCR to obtain the profiles of circulating plasma microRNA-214 and -126 in total 181 cases of canine neoplastic diseases and healthy controls. MicroRNA-214 levels were high in 2 epithelial tumours (thyroid and mammary carcinomas) and 4 non-epithelial tumours (osteosarcoma, histiocytic sarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and hemangiosarcoma). In contrast, microRNA-126 levels were high in 6 epithelial tumours (mammary, hepatocellular, squamous cell, thyroid, transitional cell carcinomas, and adenocarcinoma) and 4 non-epithelial tumours (osteosarcoma, mast cell tumour, melanoma, and hemangiosarcoma). The diagnostic potential of microRNA-214 was relatively high in sarcomas, whereas that of microR-126 was high in most types of the tumours. MicroRNA-214 and -126 were prognostic predictors in 2 groups (adenocarcinoma and non-epithelial tumours except for osteosarcoma) and 3 groups (epithelial tumours, adenocarcinoma, and melanoma), respectively. Additionally, the microRNA levels did not show a strong correlation with the other clinical parameters. In conclusion, circulating microRNA-214 and -126 have the potential to be diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for canine neoplastic diseases. Furthermore, their profiles may be key references as well for exploring novel biomarkers for human cancers.
Assessment of tissue-specific accumulation, elimination and toxic effects of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) in carp through aquatic food web
Authors: Di Shanshan , Liu Ruiquan , Tian Zhongnan , Cheng Cheng , Chen Li , Zhang Wenjun , Zhou Zhiqiang , Diao Jinling 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMicrocosms containing DDT spiked-sediment, Tubifex tubifex and carp (Cyprinus carpio) were constructed to simulate a freshwater system. The accumulation, elimination and toxic effects of DDT (p,p’-DDT, o,p’-DDT), and its metabolites DDD (p,p’-DDD, o,p’-DDD) and DDE (p,p’-DDE, o,p’-DDE) were studied in T. tubifex and carp. Tissue/organ distributions of DDTs were also investigated in carp. The bioaccumulation and elimination of DDT differed in T. tubifex, carp and its tissues/organs. Unimodal or bimodal distributions were observed, and the concentrations of DDT metabolites (DDD and p,p’-DDE) increased over time. The carp organ with the highest concentrations of DDTs (DDT, DDD and DDE) was the gill. The largest mass distribution of DDTs was also in gill, followed by muscle and gastrointestinal tract. Maximum levels of DDTs in whole carp and carp muscle were 161 and 87 ng/g, respectively; therefore, the levels of DDTs observed in carp in this study were insufficient to constitute a health concern if present in fish for human consumption. Significant changes were observed in some biomarkers, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione, and carboxylesterase, in T. tubifex and carp tissues during DDT exposure. Tissue-specific accumulation of DDTs in carp can be a key indicator of exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations.
Functional characterization and differential nutritional regulation of putative Elovl5 and Elovl4 elongases in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea)
Authors: Li Songlin , Monroig Óscar , Wang Tianjiao , Yuan Yuhui , Carlos Navarro Juan , Hontoria Francisco , Liao Kai , Tocher Douglas R. , Mai Kangsen , Xu Wei , Ai Qinghui 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn the present study, two elongases, Elovl4 and Elovl5, were functionally characterized and their transcriptional regulation in response to n-3 LC-PUFA administration were investigated in vivo and in vitro. We previously described the molecular characterization of croaker elovl5. Here, we report the full-length cDNA sequence of croaker elovl4, which contained 1794 bp (excluding the polyA tail), including 909 bp of coding region that encoded a polypeptide of 302 amino acids possessing all the characteristic features of Elovl proteins. Functional studies showed that croaker Elovl5, displayed high elongation activity towards C18 and C20 PUFA, with only low activity towards C22 PUFA. In contrast, croaker Elovl4 could effectively convert both C20 and C22 PUFA to longer polyenoic products up to C34. n-3 LC-PUFA suppressed transcription of the two elongase genes, as well as srebp-1 and lxrα, major regulators of hepatic lipid metabolism. The results of dual-luciferase reporter assays and in vitro studies both indicated that the transcriptions of elovl5 and elovl4 elongases could be regulated by Lxrα. Moreover, Lxrα could mediate the transcription of elovl4 directly or indirectly through regulating the transcription of srebp-1. The above findings contribute further insight and understanding of the mechanisms regulating LC-PUFA biosynthesis in marine fish species.
Safety Behaviors and Stuttering
Authors: Lowe Robyn , Helgadottir Fjola , Menzies Ross , Heard Rob , O'Brian Sue , Packman Ann , Onslow Mark 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
Those who are socially anxious may use safety behaviors during feared social interactions to prevent negative outcomes. Safety behaviors are associated with anxiety maintenance and poorer treatment outcomes because they prevent fear extinction. Social anxiety disorder is often comorbid with stuttering. Speech pathologists reported in a recent publication (Helgadottir, Menzies, Onslow, Packman, & O'Brian, 2014a) that they often recommended procedures for clients that could be safety behaviors. This study investigated the self-reported use of safety behaviors by adults who stutter.

Method
Participants were 133 adults who stutter enrolled in an online cognitive-behavior therapy program. Participants completed a questionnaire about their use of potential safety behaviors when anxious during social encounters. Correlations were computed between safety behaviors and pretreatment scores on measures of fear of negative evaluation and negative cognitions.

Results
Of 133 participants, 132 reported that they used safety behaviors. Many of the safety behaviors correlated with higher scores for fear of negative evaluation and negative cognitions.

Conclusions
Adults who stutter report using safety behaviors, and their use is associated with pretreatment fear of negative evaluation and unhelpful thoughts about stuttering. These results suggest that the negative effects of safety behaviors may extend to those who stutter, and further research is needed.
Addressing the Communication and Other Needs of Persons With Severe Disabilities Through Engaged Interprofessional Teams: Introduction to a Clinical Forum
Authors: Ogletree Billy T. 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
Interprofessional collaborative practice (IPCP) is introduced as a viable and preferred clinical methodology for speech-language pathologists and others serving persons with severe disabilities. Contributions to this clinical forum dedicated to IPCP and severe disabilities are described.

Method
This clinical focus article introduces IPCP and reviews literature specific to its origins and effectiveness, defines severe disabilities, and proposes IPCP as a vital tenet in effective communication-related and other service delivery for this population.

Conclusion
IPCP is supported as a recommended practice methodology for speech-language pathologists and other team members providing services to persons with severe disabilities.
Chorioamnionitis-Induced Immunological Changes and Neonatal Outcome
Authors: Omar Said , Awonuga Modupe 
Published: May 2017

AbstractChorioamnionitis is inflammation of the fetal membranes (chorion and amnion) which could be of microbial or nonmicrobial etiology. It is a common complication of pregnancy with significant implications for both mother and infant. It represents a spectrum of diseases, which range from histological but subclinical chorioamnionitis to funisitis and chorionic vasculitis with multiorgan involvement in the fetus. Chorioamnionitis results in the activation of the fetal innate immune system known as the fetal inflammatory response syndrome (FIRS). FIRS with or without evidence of microbial presence initiates an inflammatory cascade that has been implicated in the mechanisms responsible for the fetal injury. Such injury can result in adverse neonatal outcomes involving multiple organ systems with high perinatal and long-term morbidity and mortality. While antimicrobial treatment of chorioamnionitis is beneficial to the mother, it is unclear whether the same holds true for the fetus as the damage may already be done by the production of proinflammatory cytokines. This article reviews the immunological changes and their consequences in neonates born to mothers with chorioamnionitis.
Unusual Case of Midline Middle Skull Base Lymphoma Mimicking as Invasive Pituitary Adenoma
Authors: Naik Harish , Survashe Pravin , Velho Vernon , Bhide Anuj , Bhople Laxmikant , Guha Amrita 
Published: May 2017

AbstractNon-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is a rare tumor of the skull base. As the incidence of primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma has increased, atypical presentations involving the skull base are being reported. However, isolated involvement of middle skull base, that too predominantly the clivus and parasellar region, is rarely seen. We present a case of middle-age woman with midline skull base lesion located in the sella with invasion of the ventral part of upper part of clivus (posterior clinoid) and also the parasellar region causing involvement of optic and abducens nerve with preserved hormonal functions. She was operated endoscopically for partial resection of the lesion. Histopathology turned out to be non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of NK/T-cell variety. So far NK/T-cell lymphoma of the sella with invasion into the clivus has never been reported in literature to the best of our knowledge.
Der Einfluss intraokularer Druckschwankungen auf die Glaukomerkrankung
Authors: Rezapour Jasmin , Hoffmann Esther Maria 
Published: May 2017

ZusammenfassungAls derzeit einzig zu behandelnder Risikofaktor spielt der Augeninnendruck für das Fortschreiten der Glaukomerkrankung immer noch eine große Rolle. Zwei große klinische Studien (Schweden und USA) haben den Einfluss des Augeninnendrucks und seiner Schwankungen – definiert als Standardabweichung des Mittelwerts – auf die Glaukomprogression untersucht. Neben diesen großen randomisierten klinischen Studien gibt es eine Reihe von kleineren Untersuchungen zu diesem Zusammenhang. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit sind die wichtigsten Studien zusammengefasst.
The interior as architectural principle
Authors: Verschaffel Bart 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe principle of architecture is the creation of an “inside” or an interior. There are three layers of meaning involved in isolating and defining a space as an “inside”: the floor/earth, the wall/world, the ceiling/heavens. The three combined constitute and define a particular version of the archetypical “interior”: the room. Each architectural interior, though, is at the same time a closed space, on itself, and at the same time represents and relates to an “outside” or to the World. This article is published as part of a collection on interiorities.
Kinematics of the lever arm swing in myosin VI
Authors: Mugnai Mauro L. , Thirumalai D. 
Published: May 2017

SignificanceMyosin VI (MVI), a molecular motor whose malfunction is linked to deafness, moves on the actin filament fueled by ATP. The chemomechanical transduction culminates in a power stroke, in which the motor domain undergoes a conformational transition exaggerated by the lever arm. We performed simulations of the MVI power stroke, showing that the lever arm undergoes a nearly free rotational diffusion that is only weakly biased by the rest of the motor. Our model yields a molecular picture of the MVI power stroke that is in quantitative agreement with experiments showing evidence for the pliancy of the lever arm. Our findings provide insights into the broad step-size distribution of MVI.
Energetic cost of building a virus
Authors: Mahmoudabadi Gita , Milo Ron , Phillips Rob 
Published: May 2017

Significance
Viruses rely entirely on their host as an energy source. Despite numerous experimental studies that demonstrate the capability of viruses to rewire and undermine their host’s metabolism, we still largely lack a quantitative understanding of an infection’s energetics. However, the energetics of a viral infection is at the center of broader evolutionary and physical questions in virology. By enumerating the energetic costs of different viral processes, we open the door to quantitative predictions about viral evolution. For example, we predict that, for the majority of viruses, translation will serve as the dominant cost of building a virus, and that selection, rather than drift, will govern the fate of new genetic elements within viral genomes.
Ubiquitin- and ATP-dependent unfoldase activity of P97/VCP•NPLOC4•UFD1L is enhanced by a mutation that causes multisystem proteinopathy
Authors: Blythe Emily E. , Olson Kristine C. , Chau Vincent , Deshaies Raymond J. 
Published: May 2017

SignificanceThe ATPase p97 plays an important cellular role by extracting proteins modified with ubiquitin (Ub) from membranes, chromatin, or protein complexes. However, the unstable and complicated nature of p97 substrates has hindered a detailed study of mechanism. To overcome these issues, we developed Ub-GFP as a fluorescent reporter of p97 activity. When Ub-GFP is conjugated with ubiquitin chains, p97 and its cofactor NPLOC4-UFD1L unfold it in an ATP-dependent manner, explicitly demonstrating that p97 is an unfoldase. We also show that a p97 mutation associated with multisystem proteinopathy has enhanced unfoldase activity, which suggests a novel approach to disease therapy. Our method opens the door for future studies of p97 mechanism that were until now not feasible.
A macroscopic perspective on translation of knowledge in China
Authors: Jun Tang 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe translation, dissemination and reception of knowledge has served as an excellent indicator of changing ideologies and the major catalyst for institutional changes, language reforms and social transformation in China. However, English representations of the Chinese tradition of translation (e.g.Hung 2005;Hung and Pollard 2009) have not incorporated research findings from Chinese studies (e.g.Cohen 1995;Amelung, Kurtz and Lackner 2001;Elman 2005) and tend to provide unsubstantiated generalizations and hasty conclusions. This article uses a combination of “cultural tool” (Even-Zohar 2005) and “culture planning” (Even-Zohar 2008) as a frame of reference to provide a macroscopic perspective on knowledge translation in different Chinese historical periods as “a means of planning” (Toury 2002: 166) to promote religious agendas, modernize traditional Chinese natural studies, Westernize educational and academic systems, facilitate modernization of the state or participate in global knowledge production.
Talking about things
Authors: Zouinar Moustafa , Velkovska Julia 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
This paper focuses on how conversation and a shared participation frame are maintained in video-mediated family conversations which ordinarily do not have a particular agenda. In order to examine this question, how conversations are maintained whilst being sometimes improvised, the paper analyses a particular interactional phenomenon, namely, the image-based topic management accomplished via two methods: showings and noticings. Through a detailed multimodal analysis of family video mediated conversations, it shows how these methods are used for introducing or changing topics and hence sustaining talk. Moreover, by describing the practical actions that involve technological and social dimensions, the paper highlights the link between interaction, personal relationships and technology. The analysis of showings and noticings, enabled by the technical features of the systems used by the participants, reveals how video-communication technology is mobilized by family members as a resource for maintaining intimacy in distant relationships.
The Skype paradox
Authors: Harper Richard H. , Watson Rod , Woelfer Jill Palzkill 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDigital technologies are likely to be appropriated by the homeless just as they are by other segments of society. However, these appropriations will reflect the particularities of their circumstances. What are these appropriations? Are they beneficial or effective? Can Skype, as a case in point, assuage the social disconnection that must be, for many, the experience of being homeless? This paper analyses some evidence about these questions and, in particular, the ways communications media are selected, oriented to and accounted for by the homeless young. Using data from a small corpus of interviews, it examines the specific ways in which choice of communication (face-to-face, social media, or video, etc.), are described by these individuals as elected for tactical and strategic reasons having to do with managing their family relations. These relations are massively important both in terms of how communications media are deployed, and in terms of being one of the sources of the homeless state the young find themselves in. The paper examines some of the methodical ways these issues are articulated and the type of ‘causal facticity’ thereby constituted in interview talk. The paper also remarks on the paradoxical problem that technologies like Skype provide: at once allowing people in the general to communicate but in ways that the homeless young want to resist in the particular. The consequences of this for the shaping of communications technology in the future are remarked upon.
Ayman al-Zawahiri and the rise of ISIL
Authors: Holbrook Donald 
Published: May 2017

This chapter analyses statements released by Ayman al-Zawahiri in the context of MENA uprisings and the rise of the Islamic State organization. The chapter traces Zawahiri’s aggregate narrative during this period, discussing how the Al-Qaeda leader framed these key events and how these framing efforts evolved. This discussion highlights issues regarding legitimate leadership of jihadist vanguards, the role of public opinion in that equation and the way in which al-Zawahiri has sought to exploit and address those challenges in his efforts to retain momentum and relevancy within a complex jihadi universe. The chapter concludes by considering the particulars of al-Zawahiri’s most recent discursive emphases in light of his public rhetoric to date in order to highlight the evolution and, at times, contradictions of this narrative.
Migration patterns and putative spawning habitats of Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) in the Gulf of St. Lawrence revealed by geolocation of pop-up satellite archival tags
Authors: Le Bris Arnault , Fisher Jonathan A D , Murphy Hannah M , Galbraith Peter S , Castonguay Martin , Loher Timothy , Robert Dominique 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCharacterizing migratory behaviours contributes to the sustainable management of marine fishes by resolving stock structure and identifying the timing and locations of events within fish life cycles. The migratory behaviour of Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) in the Gulf of St. Lawrence (GSL), Canada was characterized over an annual cycle using pop-up satellite archival tags (n = 15). Daily probability density functions of individual halibut positions were estimated using a geolocation model specifically developed to track demersal fish species in the GSL. Reconstructed migration routes (n = 8) revealed that Atlantic halibut displayed seasonal migrations, moving from deeper offshore waters in the winter to shallower nearshore waters in the summer. Variability in migratory behaviours was observed among individuals tagged at the same location and time. One individual resided year round in the vicinity of the tagging site, three individuals displayed homing behaviour, and four individuals did not return to the tagging site. The identification of presumed spawning rises for two individuals suggested that spawning of Atlantic halibut occurred in the GSL. Although based on a limited number of individuals, these results suggest that Atlantic halibut in the GSL forms a philopatric population, supporting the current separate management of this stock from the adjacent Scotian Shelf and southern Grand Banks stock.
The potential for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to conduct marine fauna surveys in place of manned aircraft
Authors: Colefax Andrew P , Butcher Paul A , Kelaher Brendan P 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly used in marine wildlife research. As technological developments rapidly advance the versatility and functionality of affordable UAVs, their potential as a marine aerial survey tool is quickly gaining attention. Currently, there is significant interest in whether cost-effective UAVs can outperform manned aircraft in aerial surveys of marine fauna at sea, although few empirical studies have compared relative sampling efficiency, accuracy and precision. Civil aviation restrictions, and subsequent available civilian technologies, make it unlikely that UAVs will currently be more effective than manned aircraft for large area marine surveys. UAVs do, however, have the capacity to fill a niche for intensive smaller spatial scale sampling and for undertaking aerial surveys in isolated locations. Improvements in UAV sensor resolutions and alternative sensor types, such as multispectral cameras, may increase area coverage, reduce perception error, and increase water penetration for sightability. Additionally, the further development of auto-detection software will rapidly improve image processing and further reduce human observer error inherent in manned aerial surveys. As UAV technologies and associated methodology is further developed and becomes more affordable, these aircraft will be increasingly adopted as a marine aerial survey tool in place of traditional methods using manned aircraft.
Microsurgical Resection of a Common Peroneal Nerve Schwannoma: A 3-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Budohoski Karol  P , Guilfoyle Mathew R , Kenyon Olivia , Barone Damiano G , Santarius Thomas , Trivedi Rikin A 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Peripheral nerve sheath tumors are benign entities that manifest with pain or neurological deficits from mass effect. Treatment is mostly surgical, however, the aggressiveness of treatment needs to be carefully considered with respect to preserving function. We present a case of a 62-year-old male with a 2-year history of left lower extremity pain radiating toward the dorsolateral foot. There was a tender and palpable mass in the lateral popliteal fossa with imaging consistent with Schwannoma of the common peroneal nerve. The patient was counseled for surgery and informed consent was obtained. Microsurgical resection was undertaken and gross total resection was achieved without compromise of function. We demonstrate the placement of neurophysiological monitoring electrodes in all 3 compartment of the calf as well as the use of stimulation to identify a nonfunctioning area for entering the nerve sheath. Anatomy of the popliteal fossa and microsurgical technique for resection of nerve sheath tumors are discussed. When dealing with these pathologies, it is important to use intraoperative neurophysiology as well as careful technique in order to achieve maximal resection without compromising neurological function.