bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simplex space‐time meshes in two‐phase flow simulations
Authors: Karyofylli Violeta , Frings Markus , Elgeti Stefanie , Behr Marek 
Published: July 2017

SummaryIn this paper, we present the numerical solution of 2‐phase flow problems of engineering significance with a space‐time finite element method that allows for local temporal refinement. Arbitrary temporal refinement is applied to preselected regions of the mesh and is governed by a quantity that is part of the solution process, namely, the interface position in 2‐phase flow. Because of local effects such as surface tension, jumps in material properties, etc, the interface can in general be considered a region that requires high flexibility and high resolution, both in space and in time. The new method, which leads to tetrahedral (for 2D problems) and pentatope (for 3D problems) meshes, offers an efficient yet accurate approach to the underlying 2‐phase flow problems.
Returns to scientific publications for pharmaceutical products in the United States
Authors: Slejko Julia F. , Basu Anirban , Sullivan Sean D. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryDrug‐specific clinical and health economic and outcomes research (HEOR) publications have amassed, but their effect on drug sales is largely unknown. We estimated the impact of publications on pharmaceutical sales in 3 markets (statins, rheumatoid arthritis, and asthma drugs) with varying generic competition. An event‐study approach with fixed effects and difference‐in‐fixed‐effects modeling was used to estimate the causal effects of drug‐specific publications on subsequent quarter's drug‐specific sales and volume. High‐impact clinical and HEOR publications have significant positive effects on sales (mediated through price) and volume in the statin market (high generic competition). High‐impact clinical publications have a significant positive effect on sales (mediated through volume) in low‐generic competition market (asthma). The effects of publications in the rheumatoid arthritis market (no generic competition) on sales were null. Manufacturers' investment in clinical and HEOR publications needs to be strategic and should be anticipated and complemented by public investments in such studies.
Extending decomposition analysis to account for unobserved heterogeneity and persistence in health behavior: Income‐related smoking inequality among Swedish women
Authors: Kjellsson Gustav 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis article suggests an enrichment of the standard method for decomposition of the concentration index to account for unobserved heterogeneity and persistence in health behavior. As the underlying regression model in the decomposition, this approach uses a dynamic random‐effect probit that both consider individual heterogeneity, using a Mundlak type of specification, and applies a simple solution to account for smoking persistence. I illustrate the suggested approach using a panel of Swedish women in Statistics Sweden's Survey of Living Conditions for one vital health‐related behavior, smoking. The results highlight the importance of persistence and show that education and living in a single household are the main drivers of income‐related smoking inequality.
A pilot phase II study of ofatumumab monotherapy for extranodal marginal zone B‐cell lymphoma of the mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma
Authors: Kiesewetter Barbara , Neuper Ortrun , Mayerhoefer Marius E. , Dolak Werner , Lukas Julius , Simonitsch‐Klupp Ingrid , Raderer Markus 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThese are the final results of the Ofatumumab in MALT lymphoma study (O‐MA 1), a pilot phase II trial evaluating the capacity and safety of ofatumumab to induce objective responses in patients with Helicobacter pylori eradication refractory or extragastric MALT lymphoma. Ofatumumab was given at 4 weekly doses (1000 mg) followed by 4 doses at 2‐month intervals starting at week 8. According to protocol, a total of 16 patients were recruited (median age 69 years; range 38‐85). Thirty one percent (5/16) of patients had primary gastric MALT lymphoma while the remaining 69% (11/16) presented with extragastric manifestations. Seventy‐five percent (12/16) had localized lymphoma and 4 patients disseminated disease. The overall response rate to treatment with ofatumumab was 81% (13/16), with the median time to best response being 5.5 months. In detail, 50% (8/16) achieved complete remission; 31% (5/16), partial remission; and 19% (3/16), disease stabilization as best response. However, 1 patient with gastric lymphoma and complete remission at second restaging had a relapse at final assessment but ongoing complete remission during further follow‐up. Tolerability was excellent accept low‐grade infusion reactions occurring in 86% (14/16). At a median follow‐up time of 25 months only 1 patient has relapsed suggesting durable responses in the majority of patients. This pilot trial shows clearly that ofatumumab is active and safe for the treatment of MALT lymphoma.
Increasing water losses from snow captured in the canopy of boreal forests: A case study using a 30 year data set
Authors: Kozii Nataliia , Laudon Hjalmar , Ottosson‐Löfvenius Mikaell , Hasselquist Niles J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWater losses from snow intercepted by forest canopy can significantly influence the hydrological cycle in seasonally snow‐covered regions, yet how snow interception losses (SIL) are influenced by a changing climate are poorly understood. In this study, we used a unique 30 year record (1986–2015) of snow accumulation and snow water equivalent measurements in a mature mixed coniferous (Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris) forest stand and an adjacent open area to assess how changes in weather conditions influence SIL. Given little change in canopy cover during this study, the 20% increase in SIL was likely the result of changes in winter weather conditions. However, there was no significant change in average wintertime precipitation and temperature during the study period. Instead, mean monthly temperature values increased during the early winter months (i.e., November and December), whereas there was a significant decrease in precipitation in March. We also assessed how daily variation in meteorological variables influenced SIL and found that about 50% of the variation in SIL was correlated to the amount of precipitation that occurred when temperatures were lower than −3 °C and to the proportion of days with mean daily temperatures higher than +0.4 °C. Taken together, this study highlights the importance of understanding the appropriate time scale and thresholds in which weather conditions influence SIL in order to better predict how projected climate change will influence snow accumulation and hydrology in boreal forests in the future.
Alterations of oncogenes expression in NK cells in patients with cancer
Authors: Zakiryanova Gulnur K. , Kustova Elena , Urazalieva Nataliya T. , Amirbekov Aday , Baimuchametov Emile T. , Nakisbekov Narymzhan N. , Shurin Michael R. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIntroductionC‐kit/SCF signaling plays a key role in regulating NK cell homeostasis, maturation, proliferation, and cytotoxicity. C‐kit‐deficiency in NK cells results in significant reduction of their number, suggesting an imperative role for c‐kit signaling in NK cell biology. We have recently showed that human NK cells express not only c‐kit‐receptor, but also both membrane‐bound and soluble forms of c‐kit ligand—Stem cell factor. The goal of this study was to characterize the c‐kit/SCF autocrine loop in peripheral blood NK cells obtained from patients with cancer.MethodsUsing Smart Flare and qRT‐PCR, we have characterized expression of c‐kit and two forms of SCF in patients’ NK cells and correlated these results with the expression of c‐myc and STAT3.ResultsOur results demonstrated that the expression of proto‐oncogenes c‐myc and c‐kit was significantly decreased in NK cells from all cancer patients. Expression of membrane‐bound SCF in NK cells correlated with the presence of remote metastases.ConclusionsWe suggest that the abnormal signaling and expression of c‐kit/SCF, c‐myc, and STAT3 in NK cells is responsible for the defect in their cytolytic activity in cancer and these defects at the gene expression level may be the cause rather than the result of tumor progression.
Euro area time‐varying fiscal sustainability
Authors: Afonso António , Jalles João Tovar 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe assess the time‐varying features of fiscal sustainability in the euro area via revisiting the empirical relationship between the primary budget surplus and the debt‐to‐GDP ratio. Focusing on a sample of 11 Euro‐area countries between 1999Q1 and 2013Q4 and by means of time series analyses, we find that (a) fiscal policy seems to have been sustainable in Belgium, France, Germany, and the Netherlands and a Ricardian (monetary dominant) regime might have been present; (b) debt exhibited a negative response following an innovation in the budget surplus in half of the sample; (c) the time‐varying coefficient model shows that the 2008–2009 global economic and financial crisis exerted a sizeable negative impact on fiscal sustainability; and (d) expenditure‐based fiscal rules are strong determinants of fiscal sustainability. All in all, we found some evidence against the Fiscal Theory of the Price Level.
Pharmacological inhibition of S6K1 impairs self‐renewal and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells
Authors: Gu Xiaohui , Fu Xuejie , Lu Jihang , Saijilafu  , Li Bin , Luo Zong‐ping , Chen Jianquan 
Published: July 2017

AbstractmTORC1 signaling not only plays important physiological roles in the regulation of proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, but also mediates exogenous Wnt‐induced protein anabolism and osteoblast differentiation. However, the downstream effectors of the mTORC1 signaling in the above processes are still poorly understood. In this study, we explored the specific role of S6K1, one of the major targets of the mTORC1 pathway, in BMSCs self‐renewal and osteogenic differentiation. We first found that S6K1 was active in primary mouse bone marrow stromal cells, and further activated upon osteogenic induction. We then determined the effects of S6K1 inhibition by LY2584702 Tosylate, a selective inhibitor of S6K1 (hereafter S6KI), using both primary mouse bone marrow stromal cells and ST2 cells. Colony‐Forming Unit‐Fibroblast (CFU‐F) assays showed that S6KI dramatically reduced the total number of colonies formed in primary BMSCs cultures. Under the basal osteogenic culture condition, S6KI significantly inhibited mRNA expression of osteoblast marker genes (Sp7, Bglap, Ibsp, and Col1a1), ALP activity and matrix mineralization. Upon Wnt3a treatments, S6KI inhibited Wnt3a‐induced osteoblast differentiation and expression of protein anabolism genes in ST2 cells, but to a much lesser degree than rapamycin (a specific inhibitor of mTORC1 signaling). Collectively, our findings have demonstrated that pharmacological inhibition of S6K1 impaired self‐renewal and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, but only partially suppressed exogenous Wnt3a‐induced osteoblast differentiation and protein anabolism.
An accurate parasitic parameters extraction method based on FW‐EM for AlGaN/GaN HEMT up to 110 GHz
Authors: Jia Yonghao , Xu Yuehang , Xu Ruimin , Li Yanrong 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn this paper, an accurate parasitic parameters extraction method based on full wave electromagnetic for 0.1 μm GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) small‐signal equivalent circuit up to 110 GHz is presented. To describe the distribution effects of HEMTs electrodes at extremely high frequency, a 2‐stage distributed transmission line equivalent circuit model is also presented. To minimize the distribution effects, a shorter gate‐width device, called partial transistor model, is used to extract the second stage (N = 2) parasitic capacitance before extracting the first stage (N = 1) parameters. An AlGaN/GaN HEMT with gate length of 0.1 μm is used for validation, and the experimental results show that good agreement has been achieved between measured and simulated scattering (S) parameters up to 110 GHz.
Myelin as an inflammatory mediator: Myelin interactions with complement, macrophages, and microglia in spinal cord injury
Authors: Kopper Timothy J. , Gensel John C. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSpinal cord injury (SCI) triggers chronic intraspinal inflammation consisting of activated resident and infiltrating immune cells (especially microglia/macrophages). The environmental factors contributing to this protracted inflammation are not well understood; however, myelin lipid debris is a hallmark of SCI. Myelin is also a potent macrophage stimulus and target of complement‐mediated clearance and inflammation. The downstream effects of these neuroimmune interactions have the potential to contribute to ongoing pathology or facilitate repair. This depends in large part on whether myelin drives pathological or reparative macrophage activation states, commonly referred to as M1 (proinflammatory) or M2 (alternatively) macrophages, respectively. Here we review the processes by which myelin debris may be cleared through macrophage surface receptors and the complement system, how this differentially influences macrophage and microglial activation states, and how the cellular functions of these myelin macrophages and complement proteins contribute to chronic inflammation and secondary injury after SCI.
Preferences for groundnut products among urban residents in Ghana
Authors: Meng Ting , Florkowski Wojciech J , Klepacka Anna M , Sarpong Daniel B , Resurreccion Anna V A , Chinnan Manjeet S , Ekielski Adam 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe present study identifies factors influencing preferences for common groundnut products using information about product perceptions from residents in Ghana's cities collected in 2011. In Ghana, domestically produced groundnuts, processed into a variety of groundnut products, are a vital source of protein and other nutrients.RESULTSResponse summaries provide insights about the eating frequency of various products, whereas a bivariate ordered probit model identifies factors influencing preferences for groundnut paste and roasted groundnuts. Attributes such as taste, protein content and healthfulness are important for roasted groundnuts, whereas aroma, taste and protein content are associated with a preference for groundnut paste. Large households prefer paste, whereas the less educated and those from households with children prefer roasted groundnuts. Adding a child (4–12 years old) increases probability of ‘liking very much’ roasted groundnuts and an additional adult at home changes that probability regarding groundnut paste. College‐educated consumers prefer groundnut paste less than those with less education. Consumers from Tamale and Takoradi prefer roasted groundnuts and groundnut paste more than Accra households.CONCLUSIONSTaste and protein content are attributes of groundnut paste and roasted groundnuts preferred by consumers. Location is a significant factor shaping preference for roasted groundnuts and groundnut paste. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Favorable factors for preserving bladder function after nerve‐sparing radical hysterectomy: A protocol‐based validation study
Authors: Kim Hee Seung , Kim Miseon , Luo Yanlin , Lee Maria , Song Yong Sang ,   on behalf of the FUSION Study Group
Published: July 2017

ObjectivesTo investigate favorable factors of nerve‐sparing radical hysterectomy (NSRH) for preserving the pelvic autonomic nerves and subsequent bladder function and to compare the safety between NSRH and conventional radical hysterectomy (CRH) for cervical cancer.MethodsWe recruited 87 consecutive patients with IB1‐IIA cervical cancer who underwent NSRH, and reviewed the information of 81 patients who received CRH for historical comparisons. One gynaecologic oncologist performed all operations.ResultsIB1 disease was the only favorable factor for unilateral or bilateral preservation (adjusted OR, 0.245; 95% CI, 0.077‐0.774), whereas IB1 disease and squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC) were favorable for bilateral preservation (adjusted ORs, 0.336 and 0.116; 95% CIs, 0.162‐0.982 and 0.023‐0.581). The median duration of postoperative catheterization (DPC) was different among bilateral, unilateral and failed preservation (median 6 vs 18 vs 90 days; P < 0.001). The median DPC was shorter in NSRH patients with stage IB1 disease or SqCC (7 vs 14 days; P < 0.05) despite no difference between NSRH and CRH in those with IB2‐IIA disease or non‐SqCC. Survival was not different between NSRH and CRH patients.ConclusionsIB1 disease and SqCC are favorable for preserving the pelvic autonomic nerves and subsequent bladder function without compromising survival outcomes in patients treated with NSRH.
Comparison of long‐term clinical outcomes among different vascularized lymph node transfers: 6‐year experience of a single center's approach to the treatment of lymphedema
Authors: Ciudad Pedro , Agko Mouchammed , Perez Coca John Jaime , Manrique Oscar J. , Chang Wei‐Ling , Nicoli Fabio , Chen Shih‐Heng , Chen Hung‐Chi 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundThis study evaluated the long‐term clinical outcomes among different vascularized lymph node transfers (VLNT) used at our institution.MethodsBetween July 2010 and July 2016, all patients with International Society of Lymphology (ISL) stages II‐III who underwent VLNT were evaluated. Demographic and clinical data (limb circumference, infectious episodes, lymphoscintigraphic studies) were recorded pre‐operatively. Clinical outcomes, complications, and additional excisional procedures were analyzed post‐operatively. At least 2‐year follow‐up was required for inclusion.ResultsOverall, 83 patients (Stage II:47, Stage III:36) met the inclusion criterion. Mean follow‐up was 32.8 months (range, 24‐49). Lymph node flaps used were groin (n = 13), supraclavicular (n = 25), gastroepiploic (n = 42), ileocecal (n = 2), and appendicular (n = 1). Total mean circumference reduction rate was 29.1% (Stage II) and 17.9% (Stage III) (P < 0.05). A paired t‐test showed that VLNT significantly decreased the number of infections (P < 0.05). Three patients reported no improvement of the symptoms. Major complications included one flap loss and one donor site hematoma. After the period of follow‐up, 18 patients (21.7%) underwent additional excisional procedures.ConclusionVLNT is a promising technique used for the treatment of lymphedema and appears to be more effective in moderate stages (Stage II). Patients with advanced stage lymphedema (Stage III) may benefit from additional excisional procedures.
Portal vein territory identification using indocyanine green fluorescence imaging: Technical details and short‐term outcomes
Authors: Kobayashi Yuta , Kawaguchi Yoshikuni , Kobayashi Kosuke , Mori Kazuhiro , Arita Junichi , Sakamoto Yoshihiro , Hasegawa Kiyoshi , Kokudo Norihiro 
Published: July 2017

Background and ObjectivesPortal vein (PV) territory identification during liver resection may be performed using indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging technique. However, the technical details of the fluorescence staining technique have not been fully elucidated. This study was performed to demonstrate the technical details of PV territory identification using fluorescence imaging and evaluates the short‐term outcomes.MethodsFrom 2011 to 2015, 105 underwent liver resection at the University of Tokyo Hospital with one of the following fluorescence staining techniques by transhepatic PV injection or intravenous injection of ICG: single staining (n = 36), multiple staining (n = 31), counterstaining (n = 22), negative staining (n = 13), or paradoxical negative staining (n = 3).ResultsThe PV territory was identified as a region with fluorescence or a defect of fluorescence using one of the five staining techniques. ICG was administered by transhepatic PV injection in all but the negative staining technique, which employed intravenous injection. No adverse events associated with the ICG administration occurred. The mortality, postoperative total morbidity, and the major complication (Clavien‐Dindo grade ≥III) rates were 0.0%, 14.3%, and 7.6%.ConclusionsWe have demonstrated the technical details of five types of fluorescence staining techniques. These techniques are safe to perform and facilitate clear visualization of the PV territory in real time, enhancing the efficacy of anatomical removal of such territories.
Reconstruction of Socioeconomic Status in the Medieval (14th–15th Century) Population of Grevenmacher (Luxembourg) Based on Growth, Development and Diet
Authors: Trautmann B. , Wißing C. , Díaz‐Zorita Bonilla M. , Bis‐Worch C. , Bocherens H. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractNumerous historical sources describe many aspects of the estate‐based society in medieval times; the detection of socioeconomic status within populations through skeletal remains is a topic of growing interest in anthropological studies. In medieval times, it was common for members of high social rank to be buried within or next to a church. This was certainly the case in Grevenmacher (Luxembourg), where remains of a church building and an adjacent cemetery from the 13th until the beginning of the 15th century were subjected to archaeological and anthropological analysis. By integrating archaeological and anthropological elements, as well as stable isotope analysis, we documented osteological manifestations as indicators of diet differentials in two subsamples (first group consists out of 56 individuals, second one out of 184 individuals) from the medieval cemetery of Grevenmacher. We could distinguish two subsamples that we assumed as different in their socioeconomic status with regards to the burials' position in the cemetery and burial characteristics. Differences in osteological traits such as bone length, stature and body mass indicated differences in diet between sample groups. To substantiate these outcomes, stable isotopic analysis (δ13C, δ15N) were made; the results displayed a clear separation between the sample groups on the basis of their diet. Therefore, we were able to confirm certain individuals in the medieval population of Grevenmacher in relationship to their socioeconomic status. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robustness properties preservation in suboptimal T1DM H∞ control: ω‐SPR substitutions
Authors: Hernández‐Medina Anna , Flores‐Gutiérrez Claudia , Femat Ricardo 
Published: July 2017

SummarySuboptimal
controllers have been proposed to deal with robust glucose regulation problem at type 1 diabetic patients. The features of such controllers involve robust stability and robust performance. These suboptimal
controllers are designed at a specific frequencies response, which corresponds to a diabetic type 1 under specific physiological conditions. An open problem stands for preservation of the robustness controller properties for a different frequencies interval beyond the used for designing. This problem is motivated by the possibility of finding distinct frequency response at T1DM patients around the world or under different physiological conditions. In this contribution, the SPR functions are exploited to analyze the robust stability and robust performance preservation. This analysis is done for each one transfer function in closed‐loop related to intake; our results are relevant because of the design range of the controllers can be extended which means that the controllers can be used on the patients with different physiological conditions.