bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing Mental Health of US Children of Immigrants and Non‐Immigrants in 4 Racial/Ethnic Groups
Authors: Kim JaHun , Nicodimos Semret , Kushner Siri E. , Rhew Isaac C. , McCauley Elizabeth , Vander Stoep Ann 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDTo compare the mental health status of children of immigrant (COI) and non‐immigrant (NI) parents and to determine whether differences in mental health status between COI and NI vary across 4 racial/ethnic groups.METHODSWe conducted universal mental health screening of 2374 sixth graders in an urban public school district. To screen, we administered well‐validated adolescent depression and disruptive behavior problem questionnaires. We evaluated associations between child mental health, parent immigration status, and race/ethnicity using binomial regression.RESULTSAmong Asian American/Pacific Islanders and Latinos, COI had significantly higher depression and disruptive behavior scores compared to NI. For Blacks/African Americans, children of NI parents had significantly higher disruptive behavior scores compared to COI. For European Americans, scores of COI and NI did not differ and were relatively low.CONCLUSIONOur study suggests that how the emotional health of COI is faring relative to children of NI depends on the child's race/ethnicity.
Race, Sex, and Discrimination in School Settings: A Multilevel Analysis of Associations With Delinquency
Authors: Chambers Brittany D. , Erausquin Jennifer Toller 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDAdolescence is a critical phase of development and experimentation with delinquent behaviors. There is a growing body of literature exploring individual and structural impacts of discrimination on health outcomes and delinquent behaviors. However, there is limited research assessing how school diversity and discrimination impact students' delinquent behaviors. In response, the purpose of this study was to assess if individual‐ and school‐level indicators of discrimination and diversity were associated with student delinquent behaviors among African American and White students.METHODSWe analyzed Wave I (1994‐1995) data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Our analysis was limited to 8947 African American and White students (73% White, 48% male, and 88% parent ≥ high school education). We used multilevel zero‐inflated negative binomial regression to test the association of individual‐ and school characteristics and discrimination with the number of self‐reported delinquent behaviors.RESULTSRace, sex, perceived peer inclusion, and teacher discrimination were predictors of students' delinquent behaviors. The average school perceived peer inclusion and percentage of African Americans in teaching roles were associated with delinquent behaviors.CONCLUSIONSFindings from this study highlight the potential for intervention at the interpersonal and school levels to reduce delinquency among African American and White students.
Effects of connectivity on animal‐dispersed forest plant communities in agriculture‐dominated landscapes
Authors: Mony Cendrine , Abadie Juliet , Gil‐Tena Assu , Burel Francoise , Ernoult Aude 
Published: January 2018

AbstractQuestionsHow does connectivity affect animal‐dispersed plant assemblages in woodlots of agriculture‐dominated landscapes? Is this effect dependent on zoochorous dispersal modes?LocationLong‐Term Socio‐Ecological Research (LTSER) site of “Zone Atelier Armorique” (ca. 150 km2), Brittany, western France.MethodsWe sampled 26 small post‐agricultural woodlots embedded in an agricultural matrix (1–7 ha). We assessed the connectivity of each woodlot using habitat reachability metrics (i.e. Proportion of Total Potential Dispersal Flux in the Landscape) calculated along a range of dispersal distances from 100 to 1,500 m. This metric was based on graph theory and was calculated as a function of landscape matrix permeability to animal movement (i.e. seed plant dispersal vectors). We analysed the composition of plant assemblages in the core and margins of woodlots. We calculated the proportion of species richness and cover of zoochorous species within these assemblages and for specific zoochorous modes (i.e. epi‐, endo‐ and dys‐zoochorous species). We analysed the effects of Proportion of Total Potential Dispersal Flux at different dispersal distances and woodlot sizes on the functional dispersal structure of the plant community using linear models.ResultsWe demonstrated that overall plant zoochorous assemblages only depend on woodlot size in the range of dispersal distances tested. The proportion of richness of zoochorous species within the community increased with habitat size. Connectivity influenced only the relative proportions of the different zoochorous modes, except for the dys‐zoochorous group, which was primarily influenced by woodlot size. Both epi‐zoochorous and endo‐zoochorous species were impacted by the interaction between connectivity and woodlot area. Connectivity increased the proportion of epi‐zoochorous species richness and the proportion of endo‐zoochorous cover in assemblages in large woodlots. These effects were detected at short dispersal distances. Our results were supported in both total and core plant assemblages.ConclusionThis study indicates that both habitat isolation and decrease in habitat size contribute towards shaping the functional structure of the plant community, but they act at different levels of dispersal mode. Our results suggest that in these fragmented landscapes long‐distance dispersal has been lost either because of the selection of small‐sized animal movements or of the rareness of plant species needing large habitat size. Maintaining woodlot connectivity in the woodland surroundings seems to be sufficient to preserve short‐distance dispersal, although a more thorough restoration of landscape connectivity is necessary to recover the functional composition of the community with the whole set of dispersal patterns.
Evolution of resistance to chytridiomycosis is associated with a robust early immune response
Authors: Grogan Laura F. , Cashins Scott D. , Skerratt Lee F. , Berger Lee , McFadden Michael S. , Harlow Peter , Hunter David A. , Scheele Ben C. , Mulvenna Jason 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPotentiating the evolution of immunity is a promising strategy for addressing biodiversity diseases. Assisted selection for infection resistance may enable the recovery and persistence of amphibians threatened by chytridiomycosis, a devastating fungal skin disease threatening hundreds of species globally. However, knowledge of the mechanisms involved in the natural evolution of immunity to chytridiomycosis is limited. Understanding the mechanisms of such resistance may help speed‐assisted selection. Using a transcriptomics approach, we examined gene expression responses of endangered alpine tree frogs (Litoria verreauxii alpina) to subclinical infection, comparing two long‐exposed populations with a naïve population. We performed a blinded, randomized and controlled exposure experiment, collecting skin, liver and spleen tissues at 4, 8 and 14 days postexposure from 51 wild‐caught captively reared infection‐naïve adult frogs for transcriptome assembly and differential gene expression analyses. We analysed our results in conjunction with infection intensity data, and the results of a large clinical survival experiment run concurrently with individuals from the same clutches. Here, we show that frogs from an evolutionarily long‐exposed and phenotypically more resistant population of the highly susceptible alpine tree frog demonstrate a more robust innate and adaptive immune response at the critical early subclinical stage of infection when compared with two more susceptible populations. These results are consistent with the occurrence of evolution of resistance against chytridiomycosis, help to explain underlying resistance mechanisms, and provide genes of potential interest and sequence data for future research. We recommend further investigation of cell‐mediated immunity pathways, the role of interferons and mechanisms of lymphocyte suppression.
Connections and Collaboration—Celebrating the Contributions of Barbara Gray
Authors: Purdy Jill , Kish‐Gephart Jennifer , Labianca Giuseppe (Joe) , Ansari Shaz 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn July 2017, Dr. Barbara Gray was honored with the Lifetime Achievement Award from the IACM during its 30th annual conference in Berlin, Germany. In this tribute article, we celebrate Barbara's unique and varied contributions to our understanding of conflict and collaboration. We highlight multiple aspects of Barbara's scholarly work including research on (a) intergroup conflict and organizational change, (b) power and conflict dynamics, (c) frames and framing, and (d) shared meanings and institutional theory approaches to conflict and conflict resolution. In reviewing this work, we recognize Barbara's lifelong concern for social justice and environmental sustainability, her pioneering use of qualitative methods, and her ongoing commitment to the development of young scholars.
Proliferative leukoplakia: Proposed new clinical diagnostic criteria
Authors: Villa A , Menon RS , Kerr AR , De Abreu Alves F , Guollo A , Ojeda D , Woo SB 
Published: January 2018

ObjectiveWe aimed to characterize proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) from a clinical and histopathological standpoint and suggest an updated classification.Subjects and MethodsRecords of patients seen at three oral medicine centers with a clinical diagnosis of PVL were reviewed for clinical and histopathological features and malignant transformation (MT).ResultsThere were 42 patients (median age: 69 years [range: 36–88]; 35 females). 12.2% were current smokers. Family history of cancer was present in 43.7% of patients. Partial demarcation of lesion margins was present in 31.3% of lesions, followed by verrucous (27.5%), smooth (22.7%) erythematous (22.3%), and fissured (18.3%) appearance. Large and contiguous and multisite and non‐contiguous lesions comprised 57.1% (24/42) and 35.7% (15/42) of PVL cases, respectively. 19.1% had prominent erythema (erythroleukoplakia). The most common histopathological diagnosis at first visit was hyperkeratosis without dysplasia (22/42; 56.4%). MT occurred in 71.4% patients after a median of 37 months [range: 1–210] from initial visit; erythroleukoplakia exhibited MT in 100% of cases.ConclusionThe generic term “proliferative leukoplakia (PL)” may be more appropriate than PVL because 18.3% were fissured and 22.7% erythematous. We also propose the term proliferative erythroleukoplakia to more accurately describe the subset of PL with prominent erythema, which had the highest MT rate.
Oral health‐related concerns, behavior, and communication with health care providers of patients with breast cancer: impact of different treatments
Authors: Taichman L. Susan , Van Poznak Catherine H. , Inglehart Marita R. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTAimThe objectives are to compare responses of breast cancer (BCa) treatment groups (chemotherapy, tamoxifen, and aromatase inhibitors (AIs) to each other and a control regarding (a) subjective oral health, (b) oral health‐related behaviors, (c) oral health‐related concerns, and (d) communication with health care providers.MethodsSurvey data were collected from 140 postmenopausal BCa patients and 41 healthy postmenopausal control respondents.ResultsBCa patients reported on average more frequent mouth sores/mucositis (5‐point scale with 1 = never: 1.63 vs. 1.14; p < .01), glossadynia (1.60 vs. 1.07; p < .01), xerostomia (2.48 vs. 1.40; p < .01), and dysgeusia (2.10 vs. 1.46; p < .01) than the control respondents. Patients undergoing chemotherapy were more aware that cancer treatment can affect their oral health than patients on tamoxifen/AI (93% vs. 55%/56%; p < .001). BCa patients reported being more frequently informed by oncologists about oral health‐related effects of cancer treatment than by dentists. Oncologists/nurses were more likely to communicate about oral health‐related treatment effects with patients undergoing chemotherapy than patients on tamoxifen or AIs. Few BCa patients perceived dentists as knowledgeable about cancer treatment‐related oral concerns and trusted them less than oncologists.ConclusionsBCa treatments impact oral health. Low percentages of BCa patients had received specific information about impacts of BCa treatments on oral health from their dentists.
From Backlash to Inclusion for All: Instituting Diversity Efforts to Maximize Benefits Across Group Lines
Authors: Brannon Tiffany N. , Carter Evelyn R. , Murdock‐Perriera Lisel Alice , Higginbotham Gerald D. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractRecent real‐world events in which diversity policies and practices have been met with severe backlash can prompt a zero‐sum perception of inclusion efforts. This article offers theory‐based insights for instituting diversity initiatives that can afford inclusion for all—allowing institutions to reap the benefits of diversity efforts while reducing the costs of backlash. Using an inclusion for all framework we highlight three salient, interrelated, sources of backlash tied to dominant group members’ goals and motivations: (1) perceived or actual restriction of independence or autonomy, (2) preference for the status quo and colorblindness, and (3) beliefs that racial and other social equalities have been reached. Throughout, we emphasize an intergroup focus that recognizes the interdependent yet often divergent goals and motivations of marginalized and dominant groups. Mainstream institutions’ (colleges, workplaces) role as a critical site for inclusion interventions is discussed.
Tuning Parameter Selection in Cox Proportional Hazards Model with a Diverging Number of Parameters
Authors: Ni Ai , Cai Jianwen 
Published: January 2018

AbstractRegularized variable selection is a powerful tool for identifying the true regression model from a large number of candidates by applying penalties to the objective functions. The penalty functions typically involve a tuning parameter that controls the complexity of the selected model. The ability of the regularized variable selection methods to identify the true model critically depends on the correct choice of the tuning parameter. In this study, we develop a consistent tuning parameter selection method for regularized Cox's proportional hazards model with a diverging number of parameters. The tuning parameter is selected by minimizing the generalized information criterion. We prove that, for any penalty that possesses the oracle property, the proposed tuning parameter selection method identifies the true model with probability approaching one as sample size increases. Its finite sample performance is evaluated by simulations. Its practical use is demonstrated in The Cancer Genome Atlas breast cancer data.
On the Relationship between Forward and Backward Gapping
Authors: Citko Barbara 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis article examines the relationship between forward and backward gapping, based on the evidence from Polish, a language that allows both types. The two types of gapping differ with respect to polarity mismatches, word order, compatibility with relational modifiers, cumulative agreement, and the ability to gap subconstituents. However, they pattern together with respect to inflectional mismatches, preposition stranding, and the behavior of the remnants with respect to movement constraints. Both the differences and the similarities are argued to follow from two distinct derivations, in which forward gapping involves ellipsis (resulting in two copies of the gapped string), whereas backward gapping involves a multidominant structure with the gapped string being literally shared between the two conjuncts (resulting in a single copy).
The commensal microbiome is associated with anti–PD-1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients
Authors: Matson Vyara , Fessler Jessica , Bao Riyue , Chongsuwat Tara , Zha Yuanyuan , Alegre Maria-Luisa , Luke Jason J. , Gajewski Thomas F. 
Published: January 2018

Good bacteria help fight cancerResident gut bacteria can affect patient responses to cancer immunotherapy (see the Perspective by Jobin). Routyet al.show that antibiotic consumption is associated with poor response to immunotherapeutic PD-1 blockade. They profiled samples from patients with lung and kidney cancers and found that nonresponding patients had low levels of the bacteriumAkkermansia muciniphila. Oral supplementation of the bacteria to antibiotic-treated mice restored the response to immunotherapy. Matsonet al.and Gopalakrishnanet al.studied melanoma patients receiving PD-1 blockade and found a greater abundance of “good” bacteria in the guts of responding patients. Nonresponders had an imbalance in gut flora composition, which correlated with impaired immune cell activity. Thus, maintaining healthy gut flora could help patients combat cancer.Science, this issue p.91, p.104, p.97; see also p.32
The Impact of Arterial Clamping Technique in Robot-Assisted Partial Nephrectomy on Renal Function and Surgical Outcomes: Six-Year Experience at Siriraj Hospital, Thailand
Authors: Taweemonkongsap Tawatchai , Suk-Ouichai Chalairat , Chotikawanich Ekkarin , Jitpraphai Siros , Woranisarakul Varat , Ramart Patkawat , Phinthusophon Kittipong , Amornvesukit Teerapon , Leewansangtong Sunai , Srinualnad Sittiporn , Nualyong Chaiyong 
Published: January 2018

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) with different arterial clamping techniques has increasingly been performed to avoid ischemic injury to nephron. However, postoperative renal function remains controversial. We determine the impact of each renal arterial clamping on surgical and renal outcomes after RAPN. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> Patients who underwent RAPN at Siriraj Hospital from 2010 to 2016 were retrospectively reviewed and stratified into 3 cohorts: main-clamp (MAC), selective-clamp, and off-clamp. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Main, selective, and off-clamping were performed in 27, 38, and 12, respectively. Median tumor size and Radius, Exophytic or endophytic, Nearness to collecting system or sinus, Anterior or posterior, and Location relative to polar lines (RENAL) score were 3 cm and 7, respectively. Longer operative time was observed in MAC (<i>p</i> = 0.002) although estimated blood loss, transfusion rate, and complication were comparable. Warm ischemia time was not different between cohorts. However, number of patients with prolonged ischemia time in MAC were greater (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.01). All margins were negative. Median postoperative and latest glomerular filtration rate reduction were 3.8 and 5.3 mL/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup>, respectively without significant difference between cohorts. On multivariable analysis, hypertension independently associated with reduced renal function preserved (<i>p</i> = 0.03). Median follow-up was 18 months. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Our study is the first to report surgical and renal functional outcomes after RAPN in Southeast-Asian population. Based on our experience, clamping techniques does not impact on renal functions and complication rate was low even in small-volume center.
Adherence to the European Association of Urology Guidelines: A National Survey among Italian Urologists
Authors: Cacciamani Giovanni , Artibani Walter , Briganti Alberto , N’Dow James 
Published: January 2018

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> The study aimed to explore adherence to the European Urological Association (EAU) Guidelines (GLs) grade A recommendation among Italian urologists. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> A 13-item multiple-choice questionnaire covering oncological and non-oncological urological diseases was e-mailed to all Italian Urologist Society (Società Italiana di Urologia or SIU) members. We asked members to provide an explanation for their answer choice where needed. The quantitative data were tested using the Pearson’s chi-square test. For all statistical comparisons, significance was considered as <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Of the 2011 invited SIU members, 210 (10.4%) completed the survey. The sample was composed of 22 (10.5%) Academic Urologists (AcUs), 110 (52.4%) Attending Urologists (AtUs), 32 (15.2%) Private Practice Urologists (PPUs), and 41 (19.5%) Residents in Urology (RUs). The mean adherence to the EAU Oncologic GLs ranged from 54.5 to 97.1%, while the adherence to the non-oncologic GLs ranged from 45 to 87.6%. We found that adherence differed across the working categories assessed. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Our survey showed that professional role, updates, and local facilities seem to be the drivers that influence the non-adherence to the GLs. Urologists who work in university hospital would be more inclined to adopt the GLs compared to those who practice in non-academic centers.
Five-Year Mortality After Transient Ischemic Attack
Authors: Yousufuddin Mohammed , Young Nathan , Keenan Lawrence , Olson Tammy , Shultz Jessica , Doyle Taylor , Ahmmad Eimad M. , Arumaithurai Kogulavadanan , Takahashi Paul , Murad Mohammad Hassan 
Published: January 2018

Background and Purpose—
We aimed at providing estimates of mortality associated with cardiometabolic comorbidity and incident readmission from cardiometabolic as compared with noncardiometabolic conditions after a first transient ischemic attack.

Methods—
Between 2000 and 2015, patients hospitalized for a first transient ischemic attack were examined for cardiometabolic comorbidities (diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation), 5-year incident hospitalization, and time to death.

Results—

Of 251 patients with transient ischemic attack, 134 (53%) had at least 1 and 55 (22%) had at least 2 cardiometabolic conditions. By 5 years, 491 readmissions (134 [27%] cardiometabolic and 357 [73%] noncardiometabolic) and 75 deaths (27 [36%] cardiometabolic and 47 [64%] noncardiometabolic) were observed. Mortality was increased with any concurrent cardiometabolic comorbidity (hazard ratio, 1.89; 95% confidence interval, 1.17–3.03;
P
=0.0089) with multiplicative mortality risk from a combination of coronary artery disease and heart failure. Each hospitalization was associated with a 1.5-fold risk of death (95% confidence interval, 1.37–1.64;
P
<0.0001). Risk of cardiometabolic and noncardiometabolic mortality was correlated with the corresponding category-specific readmission.

Conclusions—
Among patients hospitalized for first transient ischemic attack, 5-year mortality is associated with concurrent cardiometabolic comorbidity and rates of subsequent hospitalization.
Script Analysis of Open-air Drug Selling
Authors: Sytsma Victoria A. , Piza Eric L. 
Published: January 2018

Objectives: Through the use of closed-circuit television (CCTV) video footage, the current study builds upon the drug transaction work of Piza and Sytsma by developing a crime script for open-air drug selling. Methods: Researchers conducted a systematic social observation of CCTV footage of open-air drug markets in Newark, NJ. The data were used to identify sequential stages of drug transactions. Fisher’s exact tests measured whether buyer and seller activities during specific acts of the drug transaction event were related to activities seen in subsequent stages. Results: This study finds three distinct acts to open-air drug events. During the pretransaction act, one party (usually the buyer) initiates the transaction. There must then be an exchange of narcotics for money, which typically occurs in one simultaneous transfer and in one location. There is necessarily posttransaction mobility, with sellers most commonly maintaining their anchor point within the drug territory—particularly when the interactions are buyer initiated. Conclusions: Results of this study contribute to the crime script and situational crime prevention literatures by demonstrating acts inherent in public drug selling and by advocating for a focus on the posttransaction period and seller anchor points within drug markets through leveraging the sentinel role of police officers.