bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optogenetic Control of Heart Rhythm by Selective Stimulation of Cardiomyocytes Derived from Pnmt+ Cells in Murine Heart
Authors: Wang Yanwen , Lin Wee Khang , Crawford William , Ni Haibo , Bolton Emma L. , Khan Huma , Shanks Julia , Bub Gil , Wang Xin , Paterson David J. , Zhang Henggui , Galione Antony , Ebert Steven N. , Terrar Derek A. , Lei Ming 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn the present study, channelrhodopsin 2 (ChR2) was specifically introduced into murine cells expressing the Phenylethanolamine n-methyltransferase (Pnmt) gene, which encodes for the enzyme responsible for conversion of noradrenaline to adrenaline. The new murine model enabled the identification of a distinctive class of Pnmt-expressing neuroendocrine cells and their descendants (i.e. Pnmt+ cell derived cells) within the heart. Here, we show that Pnmt+ cells predominantly localized to the left side of the adult heart. Remarkably, many of the Pnmt+ cells in the left atrium and ventricle appeared to be working cardiomyocytes based on their morphological appearance and functional properties. These Pnmt+ cell derived cardiomyocytes (PdCMs) are similar to conventional myocytes in morphological, electrical and contractile properties. By stimulating PdCMs selectively with blue light, we were able to control cardiac rhythm in the whole heart, isolated tissue preparations and single cardiomyocytes. Our new murine model effectively demonstrates functional dissection of cardiomyocyte subpopulations using optogenetics, and opens new frontiers of exploration into their physiological roles in normal heart function as well as their potential application for selective cardiac repair and regeneration strategies.
DOPAL derived alpha-synuclein oligomers impair synaptic vesicles physiological function
Authors: Plotegher N. , Berti G. , Ferrari E. , Tessari I. , Zanetti M. , Lunelli L. , Greggio E. , Bisaglia M. , Veronesi M. , Girotto S. , Dalla Serra M. , Perego C. , Casella L. , Bubacco L. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractParkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the death of dopaminergic neurons and by accumulation of alpha-synuclein (aS) aggregates in the surviving neurons. The dopamine catabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (DOPAL) is a highly reactive and toxic molecule that leads to aS oligomerization by covalent modifications to lysine residues. Here we show that DOPAL-induced aS oligomer formation in neurons is associated with damage of synaptic vesicles, and with alterations in the synaptic vesicles pools. To investigate the molecular mechanism that leads to synaptic impairment, we first aimed to characterize the biochemical and biophysical properties of the aS-DOPAL oligomers; heterogeneous ensembles of macromolecules able to permeabilise cholesterol-containing lipid membranes. aS-DOPAL oligomers can induce dopamine leak in an in vitro model of synaptic vesicles and in cellular models. The dopamine released, after conversion to DOPAL in the cytoplasm, could trigger a noxious cycle that further fuels the formation of aS-DOPAL oligomers, inducing neurodegeneration.
Spectral responses of gravel beaches to tidal signals
Authors: Geng Xiaolong , Boufadel Michel C. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractTides have been recognized as a major driving forcing affecting coastal aquifer system, and deterministic modeling has been very effective in elucidating mechanisms caused by tides. However, such modeling does not lend itself to capture embedded information in the signal, and rather focuses on the primary processes. Here, using yearlong data sets measured at beaches in Alaska Prince William Sound, we performed spectral and correlation analyses to identify temporal behavior of pore-water pressure, temperature and salinity. We found that the response of the beach system was characterized by fluctuations of embedded diurnal, semidiurnal, terdiurnal and quarterdiurnal tidal components. Hydrodynamic dispersion of salinity and temperature, and the thermal conductivity greatly affected pore water signals. Spectral analyses revealed a faster dissipation of the semi-diurnal component with respect to the diurnal components. Correlation functions showed that salinity had a relatively short memory of the tidal signal when inland freshwater recharge was large. In contrast, the signature of the tidal signal on pore-water temperature persisted for longer times, up to a week. We also found that heterogeneity greatly affected beach response. The response varied from a simple linear mapping in the frequency domain to complete modulation and masking of the input frequencies.
Quantitative Fluorescence Quenching on Antibody-conjugated Graphene Oxide as a Platform for Protein Sensing
Authors: Huang Ao , Li Weiwei , Shi Shuo , Yao Tianming 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe created an immunosensing platform for the detection of proteins in a buffer solution. Our sensing platform relies on graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets conjugated with antibodies to provide quantitative binding sites for analyte proteins. When analyte proteins and standard fluorescein-labelled proteins are competing for the binding sites, the assay exhibits quantitative fluorescence quenching by GO for the fluorescein-labelled proteins as determined by the analyte protein concentration. Because of this mechanism, measured fluorescence intensity from unquenched fluorescein-labelled protein was shown to increase with an increasing analyte protein concentration. As an alternative to the conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), our method does not require an enzyme-linked second antibody for protein recognition and the enzyme for optical signal measurement. Thus, it is beneficial with its low cost and fewer systematic errors caused by the series of antigen-antibody recognition steps in ELISA. Immune globulin G (IgG) was introduced as a model protein to test our method and our results showed that the limit of detection for IgG was 4.67 pmol mL−1 in the buffer solution. This sensing mechanism could be developed into a promising biosensor for the detection of proteins, which would broaden the spectrum of GO applications in both analytical biochemistry and clinical diagnosis.
Significantly enhanced osteoblast response to nano-grained pure tantalum
Authors: Huo W. T. , Zhao L. Z. , Yu S. , Yu Z. T. , Zhang P. X. , Zhang Y. S. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractTantalum (Ta) metal is receiving increasing interest as biomaterial for load-bearing orthopedic applications and the synthetic properties of Ta can be tailored by altering its grain structures. This study evaluates the capability of sliding friction treatment (SFT) technique to modulate the comprehensive performances of pure Ta. Specifically, novel nanocrystalline (NC) surface with extremely small grains (average grain size of ≤20 nm) was fabricated on conventional coarse-grained (CG) Ta by SFT. It shows that NC surface possessed higher surface hydrophilicity and enhanced corrosion resistance than CG surface. Additionally, the NC surface adsorbed a notably higher percentage of protein as compared to CG surface. The in vitro results indicated that in the initial culture stages (up to 24 h), the NC surface exhibited considerably enhanced osteoblast adherence and spreading, consistent with demonstrated superior hydrophilicity on NC surface. Furthermore, within the 14 days culture period, NC Ta surface exhibited a remarkable enhancement in osteoblast cell proliferation, maturation and mineralization as compared to CG surface. Ultimately, the improved osteoblast functions together with the good mechanical and anti-corrosion properties render the SFT-processed Ta a promising alternative for the load-bearing bone implant applications.
Sialic Acid-Responsive Polymeric Interface Material: From Molecular Recognition to Macroscopic Property Switching
Authors: Xiong Yuting , Jiang Ge , Li Minmin , Qing Guangyan , Li Xiuling , Liang Xinmiao , Sun Taolei 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBiological systems that utilize multiple weak non-covalent interactions and hierarchical assemblies to achieve various bio-functions bring much inspiration for the design of artificial biomaterials. However, it remains a big challenge to correlate underlying biomolecule interactions with macroscopic level of materials, for example, recognizing such weak interaction, further transforming it into regulating material’s macroscopic property and contributing to some new bio-applications. Here we designed a novel smart polymer based on polyacrylamide (PAM) grafted with lactose units (PAM-g-lactose0.11), and reported carbohydrate-carbohydrate interaction (CCI)-promoted macroscopic properties switching on this smart polymer surface. Detailed investigations indicated that the binding of sialic acid molecules with the grafted lactose units via the CCIs induced conformational transformation of the polymer chains, further resulted in remarkable and reversible switching in surface topography, wettability and stiffness. With these excellent recognition and response capacities towards sialic acid, the PAM-g-lactose0.11 further facilitated good selectivity, strong anti-interference and high adsorption capacity in the capture of sialylated glycopeptides (important biomarkers for cancers). This work provides some enlightenment for the development of biointerface materials with tunable property, as well as high-performance glycopeptide enrichment materials.
A Clinical Evaluation of the Competing Sources of Input Hypothesis
Authors: Fey Marc E. , Leonard Laurence B. , Bredin-Oja Shelley L. , Deevy Patricia 
Published: January 2017

PurposeOur purpose was to test the competing sources of input (CSI) hypothesis by evaluating an intervention based on its principles. This hypothesis proposes that children's use of main verbs without tense is the result of their treating certain sentence types in the input (e.g.,Wasshe laughing?) as models for declaratives (e.g.,She laughing).MethodTwenty preschoolers with specific language impairment were randomly assigned to receive either a CSI-based intervention or a more traditional intervention that lacked the novel CSI features. The auxiliaryisand the third-person singular suffix –swere directly treated over a 16-week period. Past tense –edwas monitored as a control.ResultsThe CSI-based group exhibited greater improvements in use ofisthan did the traditional group (d= 1.31), providing strong support for the CSI hypothesis. There were no significant between-groups differences in the production of the third-person singular suffix –sor the control (–ed), however.ConclusionsThe group differences in the effects on the 2 treated morphemes may be due to differences in their distribution in interrogatives and declaratives (e.g.,Ishe hiding/Heishidingvs.Doeshe hide/He hides). Refinements in the intervention could address this issue and lead to more general effects across morphemes.
Glaukomdrainageimplantate und ihre Bedeutung: Tube-versus-Trabekulektomie-Studie
Authors: Rosentreter A. , Strzalkowski P. , Bula A. , Alnawaiseh M. 
Published: January 2017

ZusammenfassungWährend die Trabekulektomie mit Mitomycin C zu einem früheren Zeitpunkt die Goldstandardmethode in der penetrierenden Glaukomchirurgie darstellte, sind Glaukomdrainageimplantate im Zuge der Tube-versus-Trabekulektomie-Studie (TVT-Studie) immer mehr in den Fokus eines früheren Einsatzes innerhalb der Glaukomchirurgie gerückt. Einerseits bedingt durch gewebsverträglichere Materialien, aber auch durch optimierte Operationsmethoden werden Glaukomdrainageimplantate nun auch schon zu einem früheren Zeitpunkt eingesetzt, während in der Vergangenheit der Einsatz solcher Implantate oftmals erst nach multiplen Voroperationen erfolgte. Typischerweise werden die Glaukomdrainageimplantate jedoch weiterhin am pseudophaken Auge eingesetzt, an dem schon 1–2 Glaukomvoroperationen (z. B. Trabekulektomie) durchgeführt wurden.
Visusverlust nach Silikonölchirurgie
Authors: Lappas A. , Dietlein T. , Rosentreter A. , Foerster A. , Hedergott A. , Kirchhof B. 
Published: January 2017

ZusammenfassungIn der Therapie komplizierter Netzhautablösungen kommt dem Silikonöl als intraokularer Tamponade eine wichtige Funktion zu. Es ist durch seine Langzeitwirkung in der Lage, die Wiederanlagerate der Retina nach deren Ablösung zu erhöhen und damit die Visusprognose zu verbessern. Abweichend von diesen Erwartungen werden in den letzten Jahren Fälle von Visusminderungen nach Silikonölchirurgie beobachtet, die irreversibel verlaufen und deren Genese unklar bleibt. Diese Arbeit bezweckt, einen Überblick über die Erkenntnisse, die bisher zu diesem Phänomen existieren, zu geben. Die Hinweise auf solche unglücklichen Verläufe mehren sich derart, dass die Retinologische Gesellschaft mit der Unterstützung des Retinanet (http://retina-net.uni-koeln.de) eine laufende Datensammlung realisiert hat in Zusammenarbeit mit der Augenklinik der Uniklinik Köln. Klinische Daten zu Patienten sollen gesammelt werden, um die Verläufe besser charakterisieren zu können und mögliche Ursachen zu finden. Behandelnde Augenärzte können Fälle unklarer Visusminderungen nach Silikonölchirurgie anonym melden. Eine Kontaktaufnahme hierfür ist über das Zentrum für Klinische Studien der Uniklinik Köln oder über die E-Mail-Adresse augenklinik-silikonoel@uk-koeln.de möglich.
Interessantes aus der Kataraktchirurgie
Authors: Dick H. , Schultz T. 
Published: January 2017

ZusammenfassungDie Kataraktchirurgie hat in jüngster Zeit eine Vielzahl bemerkenswerter technischer Neuerungen erfahren. Neue Visualisierungssysteme wie das Rescan 700 OCT-System, das iOCT und das IOL Compass Pro erlauben eine Überprüfung der Implantatposition (und -qualität) in Echtzeit, was vor allem bei der Implantation torischer Linsen wertvoll ist. Diese kann auch durch eine mit dem Femtosekundenlaser vorgenommene intrastromale Zielachsenmarkierung zuverlässiger gehandhabt werden. Die Femtosekundenlasertechnologie kommt in verstärktem Maße auch bei Patienten mit einer markanten Ausgangssituation erfolgreich zum Einsatz, wie solche mit pädiatrischen oder hypermaturen Katarakten. Eine mit dem Femtosekundenlaser vorgenommene primäre posteriore Kapsulotomie hat das Potenzial, die Nachstarinzidenz zu reduzieren. Die Laserapplikation geht, wie in mehreren Arbeiten nachgewiesen wurde, mit einer Prostaglandinfreisetzung am Vorderabschnitt einher. Zur Prophylaxe der von dem Prostaglandinanstieg mitunter ausgelösten Miosis wird die präoperative Applikation von nicht steroidalen Entzündungshemmern empfohlen. Gutes Sehen im Fern-, Intermediär- und Nahbereich sollen EDOF-Intraokularlinsen (EDOF: extended depth of focus) ermöglichen. Die ersten und noch zahlenmäßig sehr begrenzten klinischen Erfahrungen deuten auf gute Ergebnisse bei manchen, wenn auch nicht allen Patienten hin – „Brillenfreiheit“ auf alle Distanzen bleibt wohl weiter eine Schimäre. Einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Behandlung von Glaukompatienten kann der bei einer Kataraktoperation implantierte Drucksensor Eyemate leisten, der kontinuierlich den IOD misst und vom Patienten leicht zu bedienen ist – erste Erfahrungen sind sehr ermutigend. Versuche, mit nutritiven oder pharmakologischen Mitteln die Kataraktentstehung zu beeinflussen, sind nicht neu – auch wenn gerade einmal wieder angeblich protektive Substanzen ins Gespräch gebracht werden.
Safety considerations during production and consumption of hydrogen using proton exchange membrane electrolysis
Authors: Abdalla S. , Al-Marzouki Fahd , Obaid A. 
Published: January 2017

Hydrogen (H2) cross-over through a membrane electrolyte is a critical safety issue in proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysis. Permeated H2 tends to be consumed by oxidation or recombination at the anode. In this study, the contribution of oxidation/recombination to the reduction of the H2 content in the anode compartment was quantitatively evaluated by measuring the H2 content during the electrolysis operation of a unitized reversible fuel cell stack in which the anode catalyst layer (CL) contained platinum (Pt). The results of fitting calculation indicated that over 70% of permeated H2 flux through the membrane was consumed at the anode by oxidation or recombination when the cathode pressure was under 10 bars. Therefore, promoting H2 consumption due to the addition of Pt in either the CL or current collector is critical for safe PEM electrolysis. Furthermore, optimization of the electrode structure is also important not only to increase the Faraday (current) efficiency but also to reduce the H2 content in the anode.
At the request of the Editors-in-Chief and AIP Publishing this article is being retracted. The article had a high degree of overlap with an article published in the International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. The article is retracted from the scientific record effective 30 June 2017.
Case in Heritage Korean
Authors: Kim Kitaek , O’Grady William , Schwartz Bonnie D. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn a series of five experiments with 31 Korean heritage children, we show that knowledge of case and the ability to use it must be evaluated with careful attention to multiple factors that can influence access to morphological information in the course of comprehension and production. The first two experiments, which compared the canonical SOV pattern with the non-canonical OSV pattern, employed picture-selection comprehension tasks to assess knowledge of case. Poor performance on OSV sentences was mitigated by experimental manipulations that either enhanced the perceptual salience of case or provided felicitous conditions for the use of non-canonical word order. The next three experiments, all involving production tasks, revealed that many children who failed to demonstrate knowledge of case in the comprehension tasks actually produced nominative and accusative case correctly, thereby revealing their knowledge of this morphosyntactic system.
BRUCH MEMBRANE AND THE MECHANISM OF MYOPIZATION
Authors: Jonas Jost B. , Ohno-Matsui Kyoko , Jiang Wen Jun , Panda-Jonas Songhomitra 
Published: January 2017

Background:
The process of emmetropization is the adjustment of the length of the optical axis to the given optical properties of the cornea and lens after the end of the second year of life. Since its underlying mechanisms have not been fully explored yet, we reviewed findings available in the literature to discuss its potential etiology and the mechanism of myopization as an overshooting of emmetropization.

Methods:
Literature review.

Results:
The process of emmetropization occurs by axial elongation. Up to the end of the second year of life, the eye grows spherically by active increase in scleral volume. Axial elongation in the process of emmetropization is associated with thinning of the retina and reduced density of retinal pigment epithelium cells (RPE) in the retro-equatorial region, and with thinning more of the choroid than of the sclera, starting at the equator and being most marked at the posterior pole. In contrast, retinal thickness and RPE density in the macular region and thickness of Bruch's membrane (BM) in any region are independent of axial length.

Conclusions:
It led to the hypothesis that axial elongation occurs by production of BM in the retro-equatorial region leading to a decreased RPE density and retinal thinning in that region and a more tube-like than spherical enlargement of the globe, without compromise in the density of the macular RPE cells and in macular retinal thickness. The increased disc-fovea distance in axially myopic eyes is caused by the development and enlargement of parapapillary, BM free, gamma zone while the length of macular BM, and indirectly macular RPE cell density and macular retinal thickness, remain constant. The target tissue for medical modification of emmetropization/myopization may be the RPE, producing and elongating BM in the retro-equatorial region.
OUTER RETINAL TUBULATIONS IN CHRONIC RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETACHMENT
Authors: Seidman Carly , Kiss Szilard , Orlin Anton 
Published: January 2017

Background/Purpose:
To present the first reported case of outer retinal tubulations in the setting of a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

Methods:
Case report.

Patients:
A 56-year-old man presented with a right eye retinal detachment of unclear duration. On examination, he was found to have a chronic-appearing rhegmatogenous retinal detachment involving the peripheral macula with a demarcation line.

Results:
Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography revealed outer retinal tubulations in the area of demarcation but not in the area of the detached retina.

Conclusion:
Outer retinal tubulations have been described in a wide spectrum of retinal diseases. The authors herein present the first reported case of outer retinal tubulations in the setting of a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment which may further aid in describing their pathogenesis.
CENTRAL RETINAL ARTERY OCCLUSION WITH DOUBLE CILIORETINAL ARTERY SPARING
Authors: Doguizi Sibel , Sekeroglu Mehmet A. , Anayol Mustafa A. , Yilmazbas Pelin 
Published: January 2017

Purpose:
To report a patient with central retinal artery occlusion with double cilioretinal artery sparing.

Methods:
Retrospective case report.

Results:
A 45-year-old woman presented with sudden vision loss in her left eye for 10 days. Her best-corrected visual acuity was counting fingers at 2 meters in the left eye and 20/20 in the right eye. Funduscopy showed retinal opacity of posterior fundus, most marked in the macular region, and two small areas of the normal retina; one temporal to the optic disk and the other superior to the optic disk corresponding to the patent cilioretinal retinal arteries in the left eye; the right eye was normal. Fundus fluorescein angiography showed rapid filling of the two cilioretinal vessels and delayed filling of the central retinal artery at initial and last visits. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography findings disclosed diffuse thickening of the neurosensory retina in the perifoveolar area except two small areas at the first visit. After 6 months, spectral domain optical coherence tomography revealed diffuse thinning of the neurosensory retina except two small areas of the retina fed from two patent cilioretinal arteries.

Conclusion:
In this report, we documented double cilioretinal artery sparing in a patient with central retinal artery occlusion. It seems that a second cilioretinal artery can be present in some patients with central retinal artery occlusion.
NEW FINDINGS FROM MULTIMODAL FUNDUS IMAGING OVER 3 YEARS OF A PATIENT WITH MICROCEPHALY, CHORIORETINOPATHY, AND KIF11 MUTATION
Authors: Rososinski Anthony , Tran Tuan , Galvin Justin , Patel Chirag , Fung Adrian T. 
Published: January 2017

Purpose:
To describe ocular features and long-term follow-up in a patient with microcephaly, chorioretinopathy, and KIF11 mutation.

Methods:
Multimodal imaging including fundus color photography, autofluorescence, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, visual fields, electrophysiologic assessment, and neuroimaging.

Results:
A 44-year-old man with microcephaly and long-standing poor vision in his right eye presented for general ophthalmic review. Fundus examination revealed bilateral, symmetrical, inferior, atrophic chorioretinal lacunae, outer retinal and retinal pigment epithelial atrophy, curvilinear streaks, and retinal arteriolar sheathing. These findings were documented over a 3-year period by multimodal imaging and showed slow progressive deterioration in visual acuity, visual field testing, and fundus autofluorescence appearance. Genetic testing confirmed a KIF11 gene mutation.

Conclusion:
Curvilinear streaks and retinal arteriolar sheathing in this patient expand on the more typical fundus findings of KIF11 mutations. The outer retina is preferentially involved, and there is anatomical sparing of the macula until later in the disease state when multifocal electroretinography indicates functional impairment. Lacunae represent scleral depressions with the loss of overlying choroid and outer retina. Slow atrophic progression with loss of vision may occur over time.