bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temperature is the main correlate of the global biogeography of turtle body size
Authors: Rodrigues João Fabrício Mota , Olalla‐Tárraga Miguel Ángel , Iverson John B. , Diniz‐Filho José Alexandre Felizola 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAimsGeographical gradients in body size have been extensively studied in endotherms, and general rules exist to describe body size variation in these animals. However, the existence of broad‐scale patterns in body size variation in ectotherms remains largely debated. Turtles (tortoises and freshwater turtles) are ectothermic organisms whose geographical variation in body size has not been examined widely. Here, we test a suite of hypotheses, proposed to explain body size patterns in other animals, for this group of reptiles.LocationGlobal.Time periodCurrent.Major taxa studiedTurtles.MethodsWe gathered distribution, phylogenetic and body size data for 235 species of turtles, which were distributed in a global equal area grid of 200 km × 200 km. We also obtained predictor variables [mean annual temperature, actual evapotranspiration, temperature variation since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and human footprint] directly associated with the main hypotheses tested in body size studies. Our analyses followed a cross‐species and an assemblage‐based approach and were performed for all turtles and for terrestrial and aquatic species separately.ResultsMean annual temperature was the main correlate of body size for the whole group and for terrestrial turtles in both approaches, having a positive correlation with this trait. Body sizes of aquatic turtles were not influenced by any of the tested variables. In the cross‐species approach we also found that temperature variation since the LGM was an important positive correlate of body size in terrestrial turtles.Main conclusionsOur study reinforces the importance of environmental temperatures in explaining animal body size patterns. The heat balance hypothesis was not rejected by our data, whereas migration, productivity and human disturbance hypotheses were rejected. Finally, body size of terrestrial and aquatic turtles had different patterns, also suggesting that habitat is an important factor in understanding geographical variation in body size.
Current treatment strategies for advanced prostate cancer
Authors: Komura Kazumasa , Sweeney Christopher J , Inamoto Teruo , Ibuki Naokazu , Azuma Haruhito , Kantoff Philip W 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDuring the past decade, treatment strategies for patients with advanced prostate cancer involving stage IV (T4N0M0, N1M0 or M1) hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer and recurrent prostate cancer after treatment with curative intent, as well as castration‐resistant prostate cancer, have extensively evolved with the introduction and approval of several new agents including sipuleucel‐T, radium‐223, abiraterone, enzalutamide and cabazitaxel, all of which have shown significant improvement on overall survival. The appropriate use of these agents and the proper sequencing of these agents are still not optimized. The results of several recently reported randomized controlled trials and retrospective studies could assist in developing a treatment strategy for advanced prostate cancer. In addition, prospective studies and molecular characterization of tumors to address these issues are ongoing.
Nurse‐led primary health care for homeless men: a multimethods descriptive study
Authors: Roche M.A. , Duffield C. , Smith J. , Kelly D. , Cook R. , Bichel‐Findlay J. , Saunders C. , Carter D.J. 
Published: December 2017

AimTo explore the primary healthcare needs and health service use of homeless men in inner Sydney.BackgroundPeople experiencing homelessness have greater health needs than the general population and place high demands on tertiary care, which is expensive and may not be the optimum service for their needs. Accessible, approachable and affordable primary healthcare services could improve the health of homeless persons and potentially decrease costs to the healthcare system.MethodsA multimethod design using a cross‐sectional survey (n = 40) and administrative data (n = 2 707 daily summaries) collected from a nurse‐led primary healthcare clinic for homeless men in Sydney.FindingsSurvey respondents were aged 27‐76 years. Health problems reflected multimorbidity, with mental health issues present in almost all respondents. The majority had attended the clinic more than 20 times in the past year and said the services, treatments and referrals helped them avoid the emergency department. Administrative data indicated that medication administration was the most frequent service provided. Referrals to other health services doubled over the 7‐year period.DiscussionMultiple morbidities, particularly mental health issues, are associated with homelessness. A proactive approach by nurses including preventative services appeared to overcome barriers to health service use.ConclusionThis nurse‐led primary healthcare clinic highlights the importance of providing services to homeless men with multiple comorbidities. Respect and trust in addition to easy access to health services appear to be important facilitators of health service use.Implications for Nursing, and Implications for Health PolicyA greater number of primary health services that collaborate with specialist services, including nurse‐led clinics, may facilitate health care for persons who are homeless, reducing the burden on acute services.
The influence of personality traits and socio‐demographic characteristics on paediatric nurses' compassion satisfaction and fatigue
Authors: Chen Yi‐Pin , Tsai Jung‐Mei , Lu Ming‐Huei , Lin Li‐Man , Lu Ching‐Hui , Wang Kai‐Wei K. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAimsTo explore the level of and the association between, compassion satisfaction and fatigue of paediatric nurses; to determine the association between personality traits and compassion satisfaction and fatigue; to identify the determinants of compassion satisfaction and fatigue.BackgroundPaediatric nurses are prone to experiencing compassion fatigue associated with caring for children with illness and their families, yet its connection with nurses' personality traits remains unknown.DesignA cross‐sectional descriptive study design was used.MethodsThe data collection used three instruments measuring socio‐demography, responses to the compassion satisfaction and fatigue test and the revised NEO personality inventory. The study used descriptive, correlation and multiple regression analysis for the data collected between April ‐ July 2014.ResultsFrom 173 female paediatric nurses, two‐thirds worked in critical care units and indicated a satisfactory level of compassion satisfaction and a low level of compassion fatigue, despite a lack of association between the two concepts. Four determinants—agreeableness, extraversion, conscientiousness and engaging with outdoor activities—were predictive and explained 43.6% of total variance of compassion satisfaction. Two risk factors of compassion fatigue identified were less emotional stability and singlehood (marital status) and these explained 26.1% of total variance of compassion fatigue.ConclusionSupport for improving agreeableness and emotional stability in paediatric nurses' workplaces including involvement in the outdoor activities and an increase in social connection may enhance compassion satisfaction and prevent exhaustive compassion fatigue.
Floral volatile sesquiterpenes ofElsholtzia rugulosa(Lamiaceae) selectively attract Asian honey bees
Authors: Zhang X.‐M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThere are few floral volatiles of compounds that have been properly assessed for attracting pollinators. The intense plant odour ofElsholtzia rugulosa(Lamiaceae) to humans may be attributed to the presence of high concentrations of β‐caryophyllene. In a previous study, Zhang, Yang, and Zhang (Scientific Reports, 6, 2016a, 276161) speculated that the presence of β‐caryophyllene attracts pollinators (e.g., honey bees) to its flowers, an assumption that was assessed through the exploration of the functional significance of specific floral volatile compounds and the evaluation of their effects on the behaviour ofApis cerana(Asian honey bees; a known pollinator) and two non‐pollinators, a hornet (Vespa velutina) and a bumblebee (Bombussp.). The results from these behavioural experiments indicated that both β‐caryophyllene and β‐elemene (both naturally found in flowers ofE. rugulosa) were individually attractive to the Asian honey bees. Moreover, the combination of the two was more effective than either of them separately. In contrast, neither compound, nor a blend of the two at different concentrations, was attractive to the hornet and bumblebee species. These results demonstrate that β‐caryophyllene and β‐elemene play a key signalling role in attracting Asian honey bees toE. rugulosa.
Effectiveness of an innovative self‐management intervention on the physiology, psychology, and management of patients with pre‐end‐stage renal disease in Taiwan: A randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Wu Shu F. V. , Lee Mei C. , Hsieh Nan C. , Lu Kuo C. , Tseng Hung L. , Lin Li J. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAimEnd‐stage renal disease (ESRD) not only threatens a patient's life expectancy but also burdens the family and society with medical expenses. The mortality and prevalence rates are extremely high in Taiwan. Thus, this articleinvestigated the effectiveness of an innovative self‐management program on the physiology, psychology, and management of patients with pre‐ESRD.MethodsThis study was designed as a randomized, controlled trial and was set in the department of nephrology in a regional teaching hospital in Taiwan. In total, 112 patients with pre‐ESRD were assigned randomly to either an experimental (n = 67) or a control (n = 45) group. The baseline data collection included physiological indicators, psychological factors (depression, anxiety), and measures of self‐efficacy and self‐management. Routine hospital care was provided for the control group after the pretest and an innovative self‐management intervention was used in the experimental group for 4 weeks after the pretest. The effectiveness of the intervention was evaluated 3 months later.ResultsImprovements in the physiological indicators, such as blood urea nitrogen and creatinine, and the psychological indicators, such as depression, self‐efficacy, and self‐management, reached statistical significance.ConclusionThe innovative self‐management program effectively decreased patients' functional indicators (blood urea nitrogen, creatinine) and level of depression and enhanced their self‐efficacy and self‐management.
The experience of men and women with cystic fibrosis who have become a parent: A qualitative study
Authors: Jessup Melanie , Li Anne , Fulbrook Paul , Bell Scott C 
Published: December 2017

Aims and objectivesTo explore the experiences of men and women with cystic fibrosis in becoming parents.BackgroundAs lifespan for people with cystic fibrosis increases, and reproductive technology advances, having a child of their own becomes a possibility.DesignThis study used a phenomenological framework.MethodsSeven Australian adults with cystic fibrosis were invited to describe their experiences of becoming parents in the context of a semi‐structured interview. Analysis of the data involved highlighting recurrent phrases and isolating emergent themes.ResultsTwo overarching themes characterised the participants’ experience: Counting the cost, as they recalled Concentric communication and Pathways to pregnancy; and Living the dream, as they cast a retrospective view over this, their major achievement, in the light of their Reaction: a dream comes true, Coping: a question of balance, Conjecture: the future redefined and Confidence: recalibrating.ConclusionsWhile advances in cystic fibrosis care and reproductive technology have increased the possibility of individuals with cystic fibrosis becoming parents, the passage to becoming a parent is a complex process.Relevance to clinical practiceThese findings can inform health professionals to support the adaptive work necessary for families that include members with cystic fibrosis. A contemporary understanding of this phenomenon is necessary for facilitating clinically relevant communication.
Emergency department waiting room nurses in practice: An observational study
Authors: Innes Kelli , Elliott Doug , Plummer Virginia , Jackson Debra 
Published: December 2017

Aims and objectivesTo identify the activities and behaviours of waiting room nurses in emergency department settings.BackgroundEmergency care has expanded into waiting rooms in some emergency departments. Often viewed as an adjunct to triage, the aim of waiting room nurses is to commence care early, reassess patients and improve communication between patients, families and staff. There is however a paucity of literature relating to waiting room nurses, especially in relation to their current activities and behaviours.Design and methodsPart of a larger exploratory sequential mixed methods designed study. This phase used a nonparticipant observer role to observe waiting room nurses in their natural setting undertaking normal care and responsibilities. One observer, using a tool and reflective journal, collected data on participant interactions, processes and practices on eight waiting room nurses over 13 episodes of observation (total 65 hr:50 min) in two emergency departments. Data analysis used descriptive statistics and thematic analysis.ResultsParticipants were observed to anticipate and prioritise to deliver holistic, patient‐centred care in emergency department waiting rooms. Waiting room nurses had a varied and unpredictable workload, including facilitating the flow of patients from the waiting room. They contributed to patient safety in the waiting room, primarily by reassessing and detecting clinical deterioration.ConclusionFurther research into this role is required, including linking efficacy with experience of nurses, impact the role has on patient safety, and patient and family perceptions of the role.Relevance to clinical practiceTherapeutic engagement allowed waiting room nurses to reassure and calm patients and families, and deliver holistic, patient‐centred care. Waiting room nurses contributed to patient safety in the waiting room, by promptly commencing episodes of care in the waiting room and through close monitoring and assessment to detect patient deterioration.
Maternal glycoregulation in pregnancies complicated by diabetes mellitus in the prediction of fetal echography findings and perinatal outcomes
Authors: Babović Ivana , Arandjelović Milica , Plešinac Snežana , Kontić‐Vučinić Olivera , Radunović Nebojša 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAimWe aimed to determine maternal hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels and pregestational body mass index (BMI) as the predictors of glycemic control and its importance for fetal echography findings and perinatal outcomes in pregnancies complicated by diabetes mellitus (DM).MethodsOur intention was to evaluate how BMI and HbA1c levels might be used to predict fetal interventricular septum (IVS) thickness, atrioventricular inflow early diastole (E)/ atrial systole (A) velocity ratio, and perinatal outcomes. Patients in the 38th gestational week were divided into three groups according to their insulin therapy: (i) patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) treated only with dietary changes (GDM group, n = 32); (ii) patients with GDM treated with insulin therapy (DM2 group, n = 27); and (iii) patients with type 1 DM (DM1 group, n = 22).ResultsIn the DM1 group, we found statistically significant correlations between BMI and IVS thickness (P = 0.036), HbA1c and IVS thickness, as well as the mitral E/A velocity ratio (P = 0.013 vs P = 0.007). In this group, HbA1c showed a statistically significant correlation to neonatal birth weight (P = 0.037) and BMI influenced on appearance respiratory distress syndrome in neonates in DM1 group (P = 0.027). The values of HbA1c predict neonatal respiratory distress syndrome in DM2 and GDM groups (P = 0.036).ConclusionAs good predictors of maternal glycoregulation, BMI and HbA1c levels determine fetal echography findings as well as neonatal outcomes in pregnancies complicated by DM.
Adolescents Who Self‐Harm: The Patterns in Their Interpersonal and Psychosocial Difficulties
Authors: Latina Delia , Stattin Håkan 
Published: December 2017

We proposed that having mutually hostile interactions with others is a strong environmental stress factor that, together with diverse psychosocial problems, characterizes adolescents who self‐harm. Using cluster analysis, this study examined the naturally occurring patterns of hostility conditions and psychosocial difficulties in a normative sample of 2,029 adolescents (50% boys;Mage = 13.89). Results showed that self‐harming behavior was significantly higher among the subgroup of adolescents with mutually hostile interactions who exhibited both internalizing and externalizing problems than among adolescents with other interpersonal–psychosocial configurations. Also, this subgroup of adolescents reported high impulsivity, anger dysregulation, and low self‐esteem. These findings support recent research that indicates that adolescents who self‐harm also tend to expose others to hostility and display externalizing symptoms.
Impact of resection and ablation for single hypovascular hepatocellular carcinoma ≤2 cm analysed with propensity score weighting
Authors: Takayasu Kenichi , Arii Shigeki , Sakamoto Michiie , Matsuyama Yutaka , Kudo Masatoshi , Kaneko Shuichi , Nakashima Osamu , Kadoya Masumi , Izumi Namiki , Takayama Tadatoshi , Ku Yonson , Kumada Takashi , Kubo Shoji , Kokudo Takashi , Hagiwara Yasuhiro , Kokudo Norihiro ,   the Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackground and AimsSmall hypovascular hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ≤2 cm is biologically less aggressive than hypervascular one, however, the optimal treatment is still undetermined. The efficacy of surgical resection (SR), radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) was evaluated.MethodsThe 853 (SR, 176; RFA, 491; PEI, 186) patients were enrolled who met Child‐Pugh A/B, single hypovascular HCC ≤2 cm pathologically proven, available tumour differentiation and absence of macrovascular invasion and extrahepatic metastasis. Overall and recurrence‐free survivals were compared in original and a propensity score weighted pseudo‐population with 732 patients.ResultsThe median follow‐up time and tumour size were 2.8 years and 1.47 cm respectively. In original population, multivariate Cox regression showed no significant difference for overall survival among three groups. In pseudo‐population, Cox regression also revealed no significant difference for overall survival among them, although SR (HR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.36‐0.86) and RFA (HR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.57‐1.00) groups had significantly lower recurrence than PEI group. The overall survival rates at 3 and 5 years for the SR, RFA and PEI groups were 94%/70%, 90%/75% and 94%/73% respectively. Corresponding recurrence‐free survival rates were 64%/54%, 59%/41% 48%/33% respectively. Subgroup analysis revealed no significant survival benefit of SR compared with non‐SR. No treatment‐related death occurred.ConclusionsFor patients with single hypovascular HCC ≤2 cm, no significant difference for overall survival was first identified among 3 treatment groups. The SR or RFA could be recommended, and PEI would be alternative to RFA.
An atypical R2R3 MYB transcription factor increases cold hardiness by CBF‐dependent and CBF‐independent pathways in apple
Authors: Xie Yinpeng , Chen Pengxiang , Yan Yan , Bao Chana , Li Xuewei , Wang Liping , Shen Xiaoxia , Li Haiyan , Liu Xiaofang , Niu Chundong , Zhu Chen , Fang Nan , Shao Yun , Zhao Tao , Yu Jiantao , Zhu Jianhua , Xu Lingfei , van Nocker Steven , Ma Fengwang , Guan Qingmei 
Published: December 2017

Summary

Apple (Malus × domestica) trees are vulnerable to freezing temperatures. However, there has been only limited success in developing cold‐hardy cultivars. This lack of progress is due at least partly to lack of understanding of the molecular mechanisms of freezing tolerance in apple.

In this study, we evaluated the potential roles for two R2R3 MYB transcription factors (TFs), MYB88 and the paralogous FLP (MYB124), in cold stress in apple and Arabidopsis. We found that MYB88 and MYB124 positively regulate freezing tolerance and cold‐responsive gene expression in both apple and Arabidopsis.

Chromatin‐Immunoprecipitation‐qPCR and electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that MdMYB88/MdMYB124 act as direct regulators of the COLD SHOCK DOMAIN PROTEIN 3 (MdCSP3) and CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED 1 (MdCCA1) genes. Dual luciferase reporter assay indicated that MdCCA1 but not MdCSP3 activated the expression of MdCBF3 under cold stress. Moreover, MdMYB88 and MdMYB124 promoted anthocyanin accumulation and H2O2 detoxification in response to cold.

Taken together, our results suggest that MdMYB88 and MdMYB124 positively regulate cold hardiness and cold‐responsive gene expression under cold stress by C‐REPEAT BINDING FACTOR (CBF)‐dependent and CBF‐independent pathways.
Myasthenia gravis with antibodies to MuSK: an update
Authors: Evoli Amelia , Alboini Paolo E. , Damato Valentina , Iorio Raffaele , Provenzano Carlo , Bartoccioni Emanuela , Marino Mariapaola 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMyasthenia gravis with antibodies to the muscle‐specific tyrosine kinase (MuSK+ MG) is a rare disease with distinctive pathogenic mechanisms and clinical features. An acute onset and predominant bulbar muscle weakness are very common and highly suggestive of the disease. On the other hand, a more indolent course, atypical ocular presentation, and signs of cholinergic hyperactivity may complicate the diagnosis. Though MuSK+ MG is still a severe disease, over the years we have observed a steady reduction in the rate of respiratory crisis and a significant improvement in the clinical outcome, both likely related to earlier diagnosis and timely treatment. Despite the improved management, MuSK+ MG patients tend to remain dependent on long‐term immunosuppressive treatment and may develop permanent disabling weakness. In uncontrolled studies, B cell depletion with rituximab proved effective in most patients with refractory disease, inducing prolonged clinical responses associated with a sustained reduction of serum antibody levels. Promising results from experimental studies and case reports suggest that both 3,4‐diaminopyridine and albuterol may be effective as symptomatic agents.
CYP21A2 genetic profile in 14 Egyptian children with suspected congenital adrenal hyperplasia: a diagnostic challenge
Authors: Elmougy Fatma , Sharaf Sahar , Hafez Mona , Khattab Ahmed , Abou‐Yousef Hazem , Elsharkawy Marwa , Baz Heba , Ekladious Sherif , Sherif Balsam , Musa Noha , Elshiwy Yasmin , Afif Alaa , Abdullatif Mona , Thabet Ghada , Rady Normeen , Ibrahim Amany , Soliman Hend 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCYP21A2 genotyping remains an important element in the diagnosis and management of congenital adrenal hyperplasia, and establishing accurate genotype–phenotype correlations has facillitated adequate genetic counseling and prenatal management for at‐risk families. Despite extensive efforts to establish a clear genotype–phenotype correlation, some discordance remains. Establishing a diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia on the basis of biochemical and clinical data is occasionally challenging, and the identification of CYP21A2 mutations may help confirm the diagnosis. We review the diagnostic challenges despite an extensive genetic evaluation for 14 patients with a suspected clinical and biochemical diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Other diagnostic entities should be considered in the absence of convincing genetic data.