bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychological Factors Involved in Impotence A Review of the Literature
Authors: TURNBULL JAMES M. , WEINBERG PAUL C. 
Published: December 2015

Recent developments in the treatment of impotence and studies on the results of psychological methods for its treatment seem to indicate that the number of individuals who suffer from impotence of purely psychogenic origin is less than was reported in literature of the last decade. It is undoubtedly true, however, that psychological factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of this disorder.This review looks at psychological factors involved in impotence from three perspectives. Beginning with a historical review, those theoretical bases which formed the premise for psychological therapies are described. Second, diagnostic issues are explored in some detail. Finally, the variety of treatment modalities which have been used, with varying degrees of success, is described. It appears that whatever psychological treatment method is used, the patients who have the best prognosis are those in whom the disorder has lasted for less than two years, who have a strong motivation for psychotherapy, persisting sexual desire, and who are without significant psychopathology.
Regulation of Testicular Ornithine Decarboxylase In Vitro
Authors: OSTERMAN JURAJ , MURONO EISUKE P. , LIN TU , NANKIN HOWARD R. 
Published: December 2015

We have examined hormonal regulation of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity in decapsulated rat testis, isolated testicular interstitial cells, and purified Leydig cells under defined conditions in vitro. Both immature (15 to 26 days old) and adult (60 to 90 days old) rat testes were employed. Basal (fresh tissue) ODC activity varied widely among rats of the same age but was similar (<5% difference) in pairs of testes from the same animal. For this reason, pairs of testes were compared in subsequent in vitro studies. ODC activity of decapsulated testes of adult rats declined (to 25 to 30% of basal) during 4 hours of incubation in Medium 199 + 0.1% bovine serum albumin + 0.1 mM 3‐isobutyl‐1‐methylxanthine at 34 C. The addition of FSH, LH, prolactin, prostaglandin E2, epidermal growth factor, insulin, or 10% fetal calf serum singly or in combination failed to prevent this decline in ODC activity. In contrast, ODC activity of decapsulated testes of immature rats remained stable (versus fresh tissue) during 4 hours of incubation. The addition of FSH (100 ng/ml) caused a small but statistically significant (P < 0.005) stimulation of the enzyme activity, and 8‐bromo cyclic AMP (0.5 mM) mimicked the effect of FSH.In isolated interstitial cells from adult rats, LH stimulated ODC activity in a dose‐ (10 pg‐200 ng/ml) and time‐dependent fashion. 8‐Bromo cyclic AMP mimicked the effect of LH. Prolactin, FSH, estradiol, insulin, prostaglandin E2, and epidermal growth factor did not alter the enzyme activity. LH also stimulated ODC activity of purified Leydig cells. This study demonstrates for the first time direct in vitro stimulation of rodent testicular ODC activity by gonadotropins and reveals marked age‐dependent differences in regulation of this enzyme in vitro.
Prognosis of Subfertility in Men with Corrected or Uncorrected Varicocele
Authors: VERMEULEN ALEX , VANDEWEGHE MARC , DESLYPERE JEAN PAUL 
Published: December 2015

To evaluate whether correction of varicocele improves fertility, pregnancy rates were compared in 115 varicocele patients consulting for infertility and having oligozoospermia, asthenospermia, or teratozoospermia, in any combination, and FSH levels within the normal range. Ninety of these patients had corrected, and 25 had uncorrected varicoceles, respectively. The value of clinical and seminal parameters for predicting the eventuality of pregnancy for varicocele patients was also studied. Although both groups were comparable in terms of duration of infertility, mean age, sperm density, motility or fertility index, cumulative pregnancy rates over 12 months were similar, whether or not the varicocele was corrected.The value of clinical or seminal parameters, in any combination, for the prediction of outcome for varicocele patients was poor. The prognosis was poor for men with less than 15% of spermatozoa with normal morphology, FSH levels higher than the mean + 3 SD of those values found in young fathers, and a fertility index below 3. In subjects who achieved pregnancy within one year, pre‐treatment sperm characteristics were similar in both the corrected and uncorrected groups. Correction of varicocele slightly improved sperm characteristics. It seems likely that in most men with subfertility and varicocele, other factors besides venous reflux are responsible for their infertility.
BMDExpress Data Viewer ‐ a visualization tool to analyze BMDExpress datasets
Authors: Kuo Byron , Francina Webster A. , Thomas Russell S. , Yauk Carole L. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractRegulatory agencies increasingly apply benchmark dose (BMD) modeling to determine points of departure for risk assessment. BMDExpress applies BMD modeling to transcriptomic datasets to identify transcriptional BMDs. However, graphing and analytical capabilities within BMDExpress are limited, and the analysis of output files is challenging. We developed a web‐based application, BMDExpress Data Viewer (http://apps.sciome.com:8082/BMDX_Viewer/), for visualizing and graphing BMDExpress output files. The application consists of “Summary Visualization” and “Dataset Exploratory” tools. Through analysis of transcriptomic datasets of the toxicants furan and 4,4′‐methylenebis(N,N‐dimethyl)benzenamine, we demonstrate that the “Summary Visualization Tools” can be used to examine distributions of gene and pathway BMD values, and to derive a potential point of departure value based on summary statistics. By applying filters on enrichment P‐values and minimum number of significant genes, the “Functional Enrichment Analysis” tool enables the user to select biological processes or pathways that are selectively perturbed by chemical exposure and identify the related BMD. The “Multiple Dataset Comparison” tool enables comparison of gene and pathway BMD values across multiple experiments (e.g., across timepoints or tissues). The “BMDL‐BMD Range Plotter” tool facilitates the observation of BMD trends across biological processes or pathways. Through our case studies, we demonstrate that BMDExpress Data Viewer is a useful tool to visualize, explore and analyze BMDExpress output files. Visualizing the data in this manner enables rapid assessment of data quality, model fit, doses of peak activity, most sensitive pathway perturbations and other metrics that will be useful in applying toxicogenomics in risk assessment. © 2015 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. Journal of Applied Toxicology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural dependence ofin vitrocytotoxicity, oxidative stress and uptake mechanisms of poly(propylene imine) dendritic nanoparticles
Authors: Khalid Humza , Mukherjee Sourav Prasanna , O'Neill Luke , Byrne Hugh J. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThein vitrocytotoxic and intracellular oxidative stress responses to exposure to poly(propylene imine) (PPI) dendritic nanoparticles of increasing generation (number of repeated branching cycles) (G0–G4) were assessed in an immortal non‐cancerous human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). Confocal fluorescence microscopy with organelle staining was used to explore the uptake and intracellular trafficking mechanisms. A generation‐ and dose‐dependent cytotoxic response was observed, increasing according to generation and, therefore, number of surface amino groups. A comparison of the cytotoxic response of G4 PPI and the related G4 poly(amido amine) dendrimer indicates that the PPI with the same number of surface amino groups elicits a significantly higher cytotoxic response. The trend of cytotoxicity versus dendrimer generation and, therefore, size is discontinuous in the region of G2, however, indicating a difference in uptake mechanism for higher compared to lower generations. Whereas the higher generations elicit an oxidative stress response at short exposure times, the lower generations indicate an antioxidant response. Confocal microscopy indicates that, whereas they are prominent at early exposure times for the larger PPI dendrimers, no evidence of early stage endosomes was observed for lower generations of PPI. The results are consistent with an alternative uptake mechanism of physical diffusion across the semipermeable cell membrane for the lower generation dendrimers and are discussed in terms of their implications for predictive models for nanotoxicology and design strategies for nanomedical applications. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sonographic characteristics of pharyngoesophageal diverticula: Report of 14 cases and review of the literature
Authors: Wang Yang , Song Yangguang 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTPurposeOur aim was to report the characteristics of pharyngoesophageal diverticula on sonographic (US) examination.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the medical records and images of 14 patients whose pharyngoesophageal diverticula had been found first on thyroid US. The diagnoses had been confirmed on barium‐swallow esophagography.ResultsAll nodules were located posterior to the left thyroid lobe, having a clear hypoechoic border with the thyroid. The maximal diameter ranged from 0.7 to 3.3 cm (mean, 1.3 cm). The appearances on US examination were variable according to the size and amount of air inside the sac. Three nodules less than 1 cm contained little air and were hypoechoic, with internal microbubbles mimicking microcalcifications. Four nodules of larger size contained little air and had inhomogeneous echogenicity with internal echogenic spots and lines without posterior shadowing. Seven nodules contained more air, and an arc‐shaped hyperechoic line with a posterior reverberation artifact was observed within the sac. After the patients swallowed water, the shape and echogenicity of the nodules had changed, and on US, all nodules were seen to connect with the adjacent esophagus. Subsequent barium‐swallow esophagography confirmed the diagnoses.ConclusionsAn air‐containing nodule located posterior to the left thyroid and connected to the cervical esophagus is indicative of a pharyngoesophageal diverticulum on US examination. Swallowing maneuvers are helpful in differentiating these diverticula from thyroid and parathyroid nodules. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 44:333–338, 2016
Ultrasound‐assisted aspiration of loculated pneumothorax: A new technique
Authors: Skaarup Søren Helbo , Folkersen Birgitte Holst 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTIn this report, we describe a new sonographic (US) technique that can assist in the aspiration of a loculated pneumothorax. Patients may develop loculated pneumothorax as a result of such conditions as pleural malignancy or pleural infection or after undergoing thoracic surgery. Often the loculated pneumothorax is outside of safe areas, and chest tubes need to be placed near vital structures. This report presents the cases of three patients with iatrogenic loculated pneumothorax that required aspiration. We used US to assist in the placement of chest tubes, and we describe our technique of US‐assisted aspiration of loculated pneumothorax. The procedure is a new approach to a common problem in chest medicine that may increase the safety of treatment. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 44:326–330, 2016
Long‐Term Changes in Soil Carbon Stocks in the Brazilian Cerrado Under Commercial Soybean
Authors: Miranda Eduardo , Carmo Janaina , Couto Eduardo , Camargo Plínio 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe net effect of agriculture on soil carbon is not yet fully understood. While a number of studies on shallow profiles have been published, evidence suggests that carbon stock changes occur in deeper layers. In this study we analyzed the effect of agriculture in the Cerrado soil C looking at changes in seven different profile depths from 0 to 100 cm in a commercial grain farm. We also used isotopic techniques to distinguish between the original Cerrado C3 carbon and the C4 carbon derived from the grasses used in agriculture. At 0–5 cm depth C stocks significantly decreased with cultivation time. The C stock did not change significantly when it was calculated using the 0–10, 0–20, 0–30, 0–50 or 0–75 cm profile (p > 0·05) but increased with cultivation time when the profile considered was 0–100 cm (p < 0·05). A two‐source isotope model revealed that there was a significant increase in carbon derived from C4 grasses for all depths with cultivation time. Annual carbon sequestration rates for the upper 100 cm of soil were 1·1 Mg C ha−1 year−1 for total carbon and 0·8 Mg C4 C ha−1 year−1 for C4 carbon. The oldest area, with 23 years of cultivation, had a soil C stock increase compared to the native Cerrado soil of 17·6%. These findings suggest that commercial grain farms practices may increase soil C stock compared to native Cerrado soil, if a more complete soil profile down to 100 cm is used to assess C stocks. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of Cervical Dystonia on Work Productivity: An Analysis From a Patient Registry
Authors: Molho Eric S. , Stacy Mark , Gillard Patrick , Charles David , Adler Charles H. , Jankovic Joseph , Schwartz Marc , Brin Mitchell F. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundCervical dystonia is thought to result in high disease burden, but limited information exists on its impact on employment and work productivity. We utilized data from the Cervical Dystonia Patient Registry for the Observation of OnabotulinumtoxinA Efficacy (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00836017) to assess the impact of cervical dystonia on employment and work productivity and examine the effect of onabotulinumtoxinA treatments on work productivity.MethodsSubjects completed a questionnaire on employment status and work productivity at baseline and final visit. Baseline data were examined by severity of cervical dystonia, predominant subtype, presence of pain, prior exposure to botulinum toxin, and/or utility of a sensory trick. Work productivity results at baseline and final visit were compared in subjects who were toxin‐naïve at baseline and received three onabotulinumtoxinA treatments.ResultsOf 1,038 subjects, 42.8% were employed full‐ or part‐time, 6.1% unemployed, 32.7% retired, and 11.8% disabled. Of those currently employed, cervical dystonia affected work status of 26.0%, caused 29.8% to miss work in the past month (mean, 5.1 ± 6.4 days), and 57.8% reported decreased productivity. Half of those unemployed were employed when symptoms began, and 38.5% attributed lost employment to cervical dystonia. Pain, increasing severity, and anterocollis/retrocollis had the largest effects on work status/productivity. Preliminary analyses showed that absenteeism and presenteeism were significantly decreased following onabotulinumtoxinA treatments in the subpopulation that was toxin‐naïve at baseline.ConclusionsThis analysis confirms the substantial negative impact of cervical dystonia on employment, with cervical dystonia‐associated pain being a particularly important driver. OnabotulinumtoxinA treatment appears to improve work productivity.
Spherical Microresonators
Authors: Weigel Thomas , Esen Cemal , Ostendorf Andreas 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis article commemorates the 75th birthday of Prof. Dr. techn. Gustav Schweiger and his achievements in this field.Spherical microparticles are characterized by their extraordinary resonance properties. This makes it a promising tool for high sensitive measurements. Furthermore, the dependency on different physical quantities together with the possibility of targeted functionalization enables the measurement of a high variety of parameters with just one technology.
Impact of silicon quantum dot super lattice and quantum well structure as intermediate layer on p‐i‐n silicon solar cells
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Maksudur , Lee Ming‐Yi , Tsai Yi‐Chia , Higo Akio , Sekhar Halubai , Igarashi Makoto , Syazwan Mohd Erman , Hoshi Yusuke , Sawano Kentarou , Usami Noritaka , Li Yiming , Samukawa Seiji 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe photovoltaic effect of the silicon (Si)/silicon carbide (SiC) quantum dot super lattice (QDSL) and multi‐quantum well (QW) strucutres is presented based on numerical simulation and experimental studies. The QDSL and QW structures act as an intermediate layer in a p‐i‐n Si solar cell. The QDSL consists of a stack of four 4‐nm Si nano disks and 2‐nm SiC barrier layers embedded in a SiC matrix fabricated with a top‐down etching process. The Si nano disks were observed with bright field‐scanning transmission electron microscopy. The simulation results based on the 3D finite element method confirmed that the quantum effect on the band structure for the QDSL and QW structures was different and had different effects on solar cell operation. The effect of vertical wave‐function coupling to form a miniband in the QDSL was observed based on the solar‐cell performance, showing a dramatic photovoltaic response in generating a high photocurrent density Jsc of 29.24 mA/cm2, open circuit voltage Voc of 0.51 V, fill factor FF of 0.74, and efficiency η of 11.07% with respect to a i‐QW solar cell with Jsc of 25.27 mA/cm2, Voc of 0.49 V, FF of 0.69, and η of 8.61% and an i‐Si solar cell with Jsc of 27.63 mA/cm2, Voc of 0.55 V, FF of 0.61, and η of 10.00%. A wide range of photo‐carrier transports by the QD arrays in the QDSL solar cell is possible in the internal quantum efficiency spectra with respect to the internal quantum efficiency of the i‐QW solar cell. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chloro‐ and bromo‐nitrophenylhydrazines and methylhydrazines and their derivatives
Authors: Maaskant L. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
A study has been made of the action of hydrazine and methylhydrazine on ortho‐ and para‐chloronitrobenzenes, 1:4‐dichloro(bromo)‐benzene and 1‐chloro‐ or 1‐bromo‐3:4‐dinitrobenzene.
The Phenylhydrazine derivatives obtained in these reactions, viz. 2‐nitro‐ and 4‐nitrophenyl‐α‐methylhydrazines, 2‐nitro‐4‐chloro‐ and bromophenyl‐α‐methylhydrazines, 2‐nitro‐5‐chloro‐ and bromo‐phenylhydrazines were investigated as reagents for aldehydes and ketones.
The velocity of the cannizzaro reaction
Authors: Molt E. L. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe aim of this investigation was to study how the Cannizzaro reaction:

was affected by various factors. Experiments were carried out initially in ethyl alcoholic media. Ethyl alcohol, however, is not a suitable solvent in which to study this reaction, since, especially at higher temperatures, the Cannizzaro reaction is greatly affected by he Zagoumenny reaction:

in which the acetaldehyde formed resinifies. Methyl alcohol, however, proved a very satisfactory solvent since in this case the Zagoumenny reaction was practically non‐existant. Measurements carried out in methyl alcohol show that:
The Cannizzaro reaction is a trimolecular reaction
methyl alcohol has a retarding effect on the reaction
the reaction takes place 2.2 times more rapidly for a 10° rise in temperature.
there is practically no difference in the velocity of the reaction whether caustic potash or caustic soda is used as the alkali.
in so far as it is not interfered with by the Zagoumenny reaction, the reaction proceeds much more quickly in ethyl alcohol than in methyl alcohol.
anisaldehyde and p‐toluylaldehyde react much more slowly and p‐chlorobenzaldehyde more rapidly than benzaldehyde.
Schmelzlinien von Kaliumrhodanid mit Kaliumchlorid, ‐Bromid und ‐Jodid
Authors: Dingemans P. 
Published: December 2015

Von den binären Systemen des Kaliumrhodanids mit Kaliumchlorid, des Kaliumrhodanids mit Kaliumbromid und des Kaliumrhodanids mit Kaliumjodid wurde nachgewiesen, dass sie das einfache eutektische Schmelzdiagramm besitzen, wobei sich also die beiden Komponenten in reinem Zustand aus der Schmelze absetzen.Die Schmelzlinien des Kaliumrhodanids in diesen Systemen wurden auf thermischem Wege genau bestimmt, ebenso die eutektischen Temperaturen.Die eutektische Flüssigkeit wurde mit Hilfe einer besonderen Apparatur von der Krystallmasse geschieden und analysiert, wobei soviel wie möglich potentiometrische Titrationen benutzt wurden.Aus den 3 Schmelzlinien konnten untereinander gut übereinstimmende Werte für die Schmelzwärme von Kaliumrhodanid berechnet werden.
Le 2,3‐Ditertiobutylbutadiène
Authors: Backer H. J. 
Published: December 2015

Les pinacols de la pinacoline, chauffés avec les acides inorganiques ou le trichlorure de phosphore, donnent, entre autres produits, un hydrocarbure C12H22 bouillant a 180°, qui représente le 2,3‐ditertiobutylbutadiène. Ce butadiène, dont la structure est mise en évidence par l'ozonisation, ne fixe que deux atomes de brome, et cela principalement dans les positions 1 et 4. L'hydrogénation donne d'abord un dihydrure de structure asymétrique, et puis, assez difficilement, le tétrahydrure, le 2,3‐ditertiobutylbutane.L'oxydation du dihydrure conduit à un époxyde, qui, sous l'influence d'acides, se transforme en un mélange d'une aldehyde et d'une cétone; l'oxydation de l'aldéhyde fournit l'acide 2,3‐ditertiobutyIbutyrique.Il semble que l'influence stérique des deux groupes butyle tertiaire (groupes volumineux) éloigne, l'une de l'autre, les deux doubles liaisons; celles‐ci ne sont pas capables de donner des produits d'addition cycliques, ni avec l'anhydride sulfureux, ni avec l'anhydride maléique.
The transition point diagram of the zirconium‐titanium system
Authors: Fast J. D. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractTitanium and zirconium, both in their hexagonal and in their regular forms, form a continuous series of solid solutions with a transition point minimum for the atomic ratio 1:1. In this composition, transition from the hexagonal close‐packed to the body‐centred cubic modification takes place at 545° C, i. e. at a temperature more than 300° C below the transition temperatures of the pure components (fig. 6). The transition point of pure titanium was newly determined and found to be 885° ± 10° C. In the melting point diagram there is again a minimum which is probably located at the atomic ratio Ti: Zr = 2 : 1 and at a temperature of about 1575° C.
Die Katalytische Hydrierung von Pyridin in Essigsäureanhydrid. Die Bildung von Piperidin und von Kondensationsprodukten
Authors: Arens J. F. , Wibaut J. P. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBei der katalytischen Hydrierung von Pyridin in Essigsäure‐Anhydrid mit Platin‐Katalysator können verschiedene Produkte entstehen. Wenn der Versuch beendet wird, wenn erst ein Mol. Wasserstoff pro Mol. Pyridin aufgenommen ist, so finden wir: unverändertes Pyridin, N‐Acetylpiperidin II, 1,4‐Diacetyl‐1,4‐dihydropyridin III, 4‐Aethylpyridin IV. γ,γ′‐Dipyridyl V und nicht identifizierte Produkte. Führt man die Hydrierung weiter, bis zwei Mol. Wasserstoff pro Mol. Pyridin absorbiert sind, dann enthält das Reaktionsprodukt N‐Acetylpiperidin II und N,N′‐Diacetyl‐γ,γ′‐dipiperidyl VI neben nicht identifizierten Substanzen. Wird die Hydrierung weitergeführt, bis kein Wasserstoff mehr aufgenommen wird, dann enthält das Reaktionsprodukt N‐Acetylpiperidin II, N,N′‐Diacetyl‐γ,γ′‐dipiperidyl VI und eine krystallisierte Acetylverbindung des γ,γ′‐Dipiperidyls.
Mechanistic aspects of the fluorination of cyclohexane and cyclohexene with acetyl hypofluorite in acetic acid
Authors: Visser G. W. M. , Herscheid J. D. M. , Hoekstra A. , Bakker C. N. M. , Halteren B. W. V. , Brinkman G. A. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe reaction of acetyl hypofluorite in acetic acid with both cyclohexane and cyclohexene has been investigated. Analysis by GCMS and radio‐HPLC, using 18F as a tracer, revealed that, apart from typical products expected from a radical reaction, several compounds originating from carbocationic intermediates were formed. On the basis of the observed products, a single‐electrontransfer (SET) mechanism leading to an intermediate radical‐cation is proposed.