bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ФЛАВОНОЇДІВ У ВИТЯЖКАХ ІЗ ТРАВИ ЗОЛОТОТИСЯЧНИКА ЗВИЧАЙНОГО
Authors: Будняк Л. І. , Марчишин С. М. , Слободянюк Л. В. , Ярошенко Т. Я. 
Published: October 2024

Вступ. Золототисячник звичайний (Centaurium erythraea) – одно- або дворічна трав’яниста рослина родини тирличеві (Gentianaceae), роду Золототисячник (Centaurium), що налічує приблизно 28 видів, які зростають по всій Європі. Численні фітохімічні дослідження показали, що C. erythraea містить ряд біологічно активних речовин: секоіридоїди, ксантони, терпеноїди, флавоноїди, фенольні та жирні кислоти, полісахариди, амінокислоти. Цей вид традиційно використовують у багатьох країнах світу для лікування низки захворювань серцево-судинної системи, шлунково-кишкового тракту, нирок, атопічного дерматиту, астми і пневмонії. Встановлено, що золототисячник звичайний має антиоксидантну та антидіабетичну активність.
Мета дослідження – визначити кількісний вміст суми флавоноїдів у витяжках із трави золототисячника звичайного спектрофотометричним методом.
Методи дослідження. Об’єктами для досліджень були витяжки з трави золототисячника звичайного, які одержували методами мацерації та ремацерації. Кількісний вміст суми флавоноїдів визначали спектрофотометричним методом на спектрофотометрі Schimadzu 1800-UV (Японія) в перерахунку на рутин.
Результати й обговорення. Результати досліджень показали, що вміст суми флавоноїдів у витяжці, одержаній із трави золототисячника звичайного методом ремацерації, становив 10 120 мкг/мл. ­Загальний кількісний вміст суми флавоноїдів у витяжці з досліджуваної сировини, отриманій методом мацерації, становив 11 250 мкг/мл. У результаті досліджень встановлено, що у витяжці, яку одержували методом мацерації з трави золототисячника звичайного, кількісний вміст суми флавоноїдів був у 1,11 раза більшим, ніж у витяжці, отриманій методом ремацерації.
Висновки. Визначено кількісний вміст суми флавоноїдів у витяжках із трави золототисячника звичайного, одержаних методами мацерації та ремацерації. Встановлено, що методом мацерації вилучається дещо більше флавоноїдів, їх кількісний вміст становить 11 250 мкг/мл. У витяжці, отриманій методом ремацерації, вміст суми флавоноїдів становив 10 120 мкг/мл. Одержані результати досліджень можуть бути основою для подальших фітохімічних, фармакологічних, мікробіологічних досліджень та використовуватися при розробці лікарських засобів чи дієтичних добавок на основі золототисячника звичайного.
Preexisting Heart Disease Spectrum and In‐Hospital Outcomes for Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Gu Hong‐Qiu , Yang Kai‐Xuan , Zhao Xing‐Quan , Wang Yi‐Long , Liu Li‐Ping , Li Zi‐Xiao , Jiang Yong , Li Hao , Zhang Wen , Jin Ze‐Ning , Han Jing , Wang Yong‐Jun 
Published: October 2024

Background
Although many studies have examined the influence of individual preexisting heart conditions on stroke outcomes, the combined effects of these conditions remain understudied.

Methods
The data supporting this study's findings are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Data on patients with acute ischemic stroke from the Third China National Stroke Registry were analyzed. Preexisting heart disease spectrum was defined based on the combination pattern of coronary heart disease, atrial fibrillation, and heart failure. In‐hospital stroke outcomes included moderate or severe stroke at admission (the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score ≥16), ambulation by day 2, and in‐hospital death.

Results
Among the 14 019 analyzed patients, 1856 (13.2%) had preexisting heart diseases, of which the most common single heart disease was coronary heart disease (1313 [70.7%]), and the most common combination was coronary heart disease and atrial fibrillation (116 [6.3%]). Patients with preexisting heart diseases had higherprevalence of moderate or severe stroke at admission (4.7% versus 1.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.25 [95% CI, 1.73–2.93]), in‐hospital mortality (0.5% versus 0.2%; aOR, 2.41 [95% CI, 1.11–5.25]), and a lower rate of ambulation by day 2 (73.9% versus 78.6%; aOR, 0.84 [95% CI, 0.75–0.95]). Atrial fibrillation alone (moderate or severe stroke: aOR, 4.82 [95% CI, 3.29–7.06]; in‐hospital mortality: aOR, 4.76 [95% CI, 1.58–14.36]; ambulation by day 2: aOR, 0.58 [95% CI, 0.46–0.72]) or in combination with coronary heart disease and heart failure (moderate or severe stroke: aOR, 11.47 [95% CI, 3.66–35.89]; ambulation by day 2: aOR, 0.41 [95% CI, 0.16–1.05]) had the strongest association with unfavorable outcomes.

Conclusion
Preexisting heart diseases, particularly atrial fibrillation combined with other heart diseases, are associated with unfavorable in‐hospital stroke outcomes.
Communication Channels, Community Engagement and Access to Healthcare Services in Tanzania
Authors: Luvinga Merick E. , Kessy Ambrose T. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study assessed the impact of different communication channels on community engagement and healthcare access in Tanzania. It was conducted in Makambako District Council in Njombe Region. The study employed a mixed methods approach with data collected from 503 respondents through questionnaires, interviews, and focus group discussions. The communication channels analyzed included mobile phones, community health workers, peer educators, radio, village meetings, TV, and social media. Findings indicate that these channels have significantly increased community engagement and access to health services. The study further found that these channels facilitate the dissemination of health information and promote healthy behaviors by providing educational resources and community outreach programs. These findings offer valuable insights into the effective use of various communication channels to improve community engagement and access to health care services in Tanzania, providing a model that can be replicated or adapted globally in similar contexts.
Public Perception on the Motivations and Implications of the Use and Exploitation of Teenagers as Street Hawkers in Nigeria
Authors: Yusuf Tolha A. , Nasirudeen Ismail A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Street hawking is a widespread practice in Nigeria, but the alarming trend of exploiting teenagers is becoming increasingly concerning. This puts teenagers at significant risk, while their exploiters show little or no regard for their well-being and development. To shed light on this issue, we conducted a comprehensive qualitative study using in-depth interviews (IDI s) as our primary data collection method. Guided by Marxian theory and social disorganization theory, we conducted our research in five urban settlements in Lagos State: Agege, Ikorodu, Mile 12, Obalende, and Yaba. A total of ten respondents, both men and women, were selected equally using convenience non-probability sampling. Content analysis was used to analyse the gathered data. Results reveal that the failure and incompetence of the Nigerian government, widespread poverty and unemployment, the need for survival, and the resourcefulness of teenagers constitute the major motivations for the use and exploitation of teenagers as street hawkers in Nigeria. Unfortunately, these motivations come at a great cost. Teenagers engaged in street hawking often face increased exposure to risks and dangers, such as opportunities for delinquent and criminal behaviour, high dropout rates, school non-attendance, poor academic performance, infringements on children’s basic rights, and poor development of children and the country. To address this issue, the study recommends that the Nigerian government, society, families, parents, and/or guardians of exploited teenagers need to be more accountable for the well-being and development of children. This includes providing them with the necessary support, attention, and protection they require.
Possible presence of the allergenic ingredients milk and wheat in edible insects produced on milk and wheat rich substrates
Authors: Smits N.G.E. , Bouwman L.M.S. , Voorhuijzen-Harink M. , Hoek-van den Hil E.F. , Elferink J.W.A. , Fronen B.J. , van der Fels-Klerx H.J. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Growing insects for food consumption contributes to sustainability as insects can grow efficiently on a wide variety of organic residual streams. These residual streams however contain a variety of proteins and – depending on their origin – can contain allergenic ingredients potentially triggering a response in patients. This study aimed to investigate the possible transfer of milk and wheat from residual streams to black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) and yellow meal worm (YMW). Using ELISA based test kits, transfer of wheat to BSFL but not to YMW larvae was shown. Concentrations of wheat in BSFL were not linear to concentrations in the different wheat based substrates, suggesting transfer is matrix depended. Four days of fasting BSFL showed to be sufficient to reduce the amount of wheat present in the larvae to concentrations below the detection limit of the assay. For milk, no transfer of the investigated substrates to BSFL was observed. For YMW the matrix reduced the signal of the test kit, hampering drawing conclusions about the milk transfer. In conclusion, only low transfer for wheat to BSFL was detected in amounts below the action levels set for allergic responses, indicating no allergic responses are expected in case of consumption.
Consumer response to insects as pet food
Authors: Fischer A.R.H. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The current insect industries sell a considerable part of their production as ingredients for pet food. Pet foods generate substantial revenue, yet consumer research focussing on the decider and buyer roles of pet owners remains scarce in general, and even more so in the field of insect-based pet food. The limited academic sources that consider owner response to insect-based pet foods show that perceptions and deliberations of owners depend on a mix of responses. Some of these are also observed in the way consumers respond to insects as human food, others as how consumers respond to insect-based animal feed. This is in line with the special way owners treat pets, both as animal and family member. Given the extensive knowledge about consumer responses to insects as both food and feed, insects as pet food may provide a key research area for better understanding consumer responses to sustainable pet food in general and support the development and marketing of insect-based pet foods.
Mapping the Weaknesses of Nigeria’s Environmental Impact Assessment Act as a Framework for Environmental Protection in the Mining Industry
Authors: Eni Onyekachi , Okoli Chukwunonso Peter , Ole Ngozi Chinwa 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The recognition of the capacity of solid minerals to cause damage to the ecosystem informed the development of strategies to implement policy directives in mining development. The strategies include preventive impact assessment and prescription of sector-specific regulations. Using the analytical model as methodology and survey of literature as source of data, this study interrogates Nigeria’s Environmental Impact Assessment Act (EIAA) as a framework for environmental protection in the mining industry. It found that despite the existence of appropriate legislation and policy direction, there remains a wide gap between precept and praxis. It also found that the weaknesses of Nigeria’s EIAA erodes its capacity to tackle the negative externalities of mining. This article contends that poor enforcement of the extant EIA instrument adversely affects access to justice by the citizens and recommends the justiciability of environmental rights, strengthening of the machinery of public participation and access to justice in regulatory enforcement.
The First Global Stocktake under the Paris Agreement: Role, Functioning and Legal Implications
Authors: Voigt Christina 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
At the 2023 UN climate conference in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, the outcome of the first global stocktake (GST) under Article 14 of the Paris Agreement was adopted. This result was hailed by some as a historical achievement, while others considered it a failure. This article explains (i) what the role of GST is; (ii) how it functions; (iii) what the GST outcome from Dubai contained and why it provided reasons (for some) to celebrate; and (iv) what its implications are for the processes under the Paris Agreement and for Parties’ climate change obligations. Importantly, the article sheds light on the role of the GST – which will take place every five years – in informing the increasing level of ambition of Parties’ climate action and support. Regularly conducting the GST is a means for providing an evidence-based, updated assessment of the collective progress of Parties and where they ought to be to achieve the Agreement’s goals. The outcome of the GST shall be taken into account by Parties, as a matter of legal obligation. If undertaken effectively, the GST can thus provide the basis for increasingly ambitious actions and for driving transformational action across all sectors.
A new species of Ctenocheles Kishinouye, 1926 (Decapoda, Axiidea, Ctenochelidae) from China
Authors: KOU QI , POORE GARY C. B. , LI XINZHENG 
Published: October 2024

A new species of ghost shrimp, Ctenocheles sinicus, is described based on specimens recently collected from Taiwan Strait, the East China Sea, at a depth of 50 m. The new species is characterized by: the dorsally unarmed rostrum attaining one-third the length of the eyestalks; the rounded suborbital angle of the carapace; maxillipeds 2 and 3 each with a short exopod; the merus and ischium of pereopod 1 being unarmed along the lower margin; the major cheliped with fingers twice as long as the palm; the ischium of pereopod 2 armed with prominent spiniform setae along the lower margin; and the rounded anterodistal angle of uropodal exopod. The morphological differences between the new species and other congeners are discussed and a key to the species of Ctenocheles Kishinouye, 1926 is provided. The molecular analyses show signiﬁcant diﬀerences between the new species and two populations of its sympatric congener, Ctenocheles balssi Kishinouye, 1926. The new species is justified and an individual from the Philippines previously identified as C. balssi probably represents an undescribed species.
Treatment effect modifiers of immunotherapies for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis—A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Heesen Christoph , Röver Christian , Salem Susanna , Heinz Judith , Chard Declan , Rio Jordi , Fittipaldo Andrea V , Lehnert Thomas , Köpke Sascha , Solari Alessandra , Sormani Maria Pia , Friede Tim , Rahn Anne C 
Published: October 2024

Background This meta-analysis aimed to assess the treatment effects of immunotherapies in subgroups of adults with clinically isolated syndrome or relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis (MS) and the effect of potential treatment effect modifiers (TEMs). Methods Phase 2 and 3 RCTs with a placebo comparator were analyzed. Risk of bias was assessed. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted to summarize treatment effects within subgroups and differences in treatment effects between subgroups. Results Thirty-one studies were included. Age < 40 years was the strongest TEM for relapse rate across DMTs with a ratio of rate ratios (RRR) of 1.44 (95% CI 1.09–1.90; 7 studies). Disability progression was influenced by age (ratio of hazard ratios, RHR 1.59, 95% CI 1.11–2.29; 4 studies). Dichotomizing patients based on EDSS cut-offs (EDSS 2.0 and 3.0) also showed a significantly higher benefit for those less disabled for relapse rate (RRR 1.35, CI 1.03–1.76; 8 studies). Sex, baseline MRI parameters, previous immunotherapy, and clinical presentation showed no effect in this meta-analysis. Conclusion Age < 40 is a robust TEM for a lower relapse rate as well as less disability progression across six MS immunotherapies. Additionally, a lower baseline EDSS was predictive of the relapse rate.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Knee
Authors: Adachi Nobuo 
Published: October 2024

Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the knee is a common osteochondral lesion in young generation, in which the subchondral bone eventually separates along with its superficial cartilage layer. Various treatment options are available depending on the condition of the lesion and the age of the patient, but if the osteochondral fragments are not treated properly, joint conformity may be greatly impaired and joint function is significantly reduced, leading to the secondary osteoarthritis. Therefore, early and appropriate diagnosis and treatment are important. For diagnosis, it is important to determine the status of OCD lesions and subchondral bone in the knee using plain radiography, MRI, and CT. Depending on the patient's age, the affected area, and the condition of the lesion, conservative treatment and surgical treatment such as drilling, bone grafting, osteochondral fragment fixation, osteochondral grafting, and implantation of the cultured cartilage are selected for treatment. Especially in cases of extensive OCD of the knee where the lesion is detached and the anatomical congruity cannot be achieved, we have used tissue engineering techniques to implant the cartilage-like tissue prepared ex vivo and have obtained good postoperative results. In this presentation, we describe the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of juvenile osteochondritis of the knee.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Tibial Eminence Avulsion Fracture: A Case Series
Authors: Dewantara Armansyah Nur , Wien Aryana I Gusti Ngurah , Febyan  
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Ruptures of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) are common orthopaedic injuries, especially among patients participating in sports. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) avulsion fracture or tibial eminence avulsion fracture is a type of avulsion fracture of the knee. This article describes several cases of ACL rupture management with eminentia avulsion. Case presentation: This case series describes 3 cases of ACL tear with eminentia avulsion. The first patient was a 31-year-old woman with right knee pain since 6 months ago after a traumatic fall from a motorcycle. The second patient, a 16-year-old girl with a history of bending her legs inward during exercise. The third patient is a 49-year-old woman with a history of accidents and complaints of knee pain. All three patients found ACL tear accompanied by an avulsion fracture on the tibial eminence and then undergo ACL reconstruction. Discussion: The most common mechanism of trauma, which leads to a disruption of ACL, is a trauma forcing the knee in hyperextension combined with valgus-external rotation. At times, these lesions can occur in adults; in this instance, the main cause is high-energy trauma, such as road accidents. Based on case reports and previous research, the management approach in this case is still debatable in children and adults and requires a specific approach in each case. Conclusion: The management of ACL reconstruction in patients with tibial eminence avulsion involvement is still a challenge for orthopedic surgeon. Given the rarer cases, a different approach is needed in young and adult cases. Each case requires proper management to improve the patient's functional outcome and their quality of life.
Correlation between antropometric status with Hamstring graft Sizes for ACL reconstruction
Authors: Kenovita Ardani Dewa Ayu Raina , Utoyo Ghuna Arioharjo 
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Preoperative prediction of hamstring tendon lengths and graft diameter for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction provide better preoperative planning. Hamstring graft is one of most common used graft, and gained wide popularity as it provides comparable stiffness and tensile properties in addition to better cosmesis and decreased donor site morbidity compared to BPTB graft which caused anterior knee pain, and kneeling discomfort. Since graft strength is directly related to cross-sectional area of the graft, a minimum size of 8 mm of graft diameter has been recommended for the success of ACL reconstruction and reduce the risk of graft failure. A preoperative planning to determine Hamstring Graft sizes is important to achieve a successful ACL reconstruction. Material and Methods: An anthropometric data of total 100 samples was collected. The patient which included in this study is patients with ACL rupture confirmed by MRI and undergo primary arthroscopic ACL reconstruction using hamstring tendon autograft. The antropometric data which was collected from patients are height, weight, body mass index, and thigh circumference. The collected data was being analyze with IBM SPSS Statistics (version 24), Pearson’s test was used to identify correlations between anthropometric measurements and graft sizes. Discussion: There is a positive correlation between the patient height (p value 0.004) and thigh circumference (p value 0.017) with semitendinosus and gracilis graft length. There is also positive correlation between height (p value 0.00) and thigh circumference (p value 0.010) with graft diameter. Mean ACL length in this study was 27.11 mm and mean ACL width in this study was 8 mm. Conclusion: This study shows a positive correlation between patient height and thigh circumference with the hamstring graft length and diameter.
Comparison between US and India-made bone fixation brand in arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a single-center experience from North Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Tantyo Rafell , Setyowardoyo Nugroho , Pradnyadewa Pradana Putu Gede 
Published: October 2024

Introduction & Aims: An injury to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) stands out as a frequently observed musculoskeletal injury in knee joint, whereby one of the treatments is reconstruction. ACL sprains and tears incidences are at a range of 100,000 to 200,000 cases annually in the United States. ACL reconstruction is commonly executed using an autograft, allograft (donor tissue), or synthetic graft, and is generally carried out through knee arthroscopy. This case series aims to highlight the contrast of the utilization of brands manufactured in the United States and India, focusing on ACL Return to Sport after Injury (ACL-RSI) score and tear recurrence. Materials & Methods: We enrolled individuals who had experienced an ACL tear and had undergone reconstruction during the period of January 2020 to February 2023, with a minimum follow-up period of at least six months. Participants with multi-ligament knee injuries, mid-substance tears, and tibial avulsion fractures were not included. We collected data on demographic details and outcomes reported by the patients. The ACL-RSI score and tear recurrence were used as a measure to assess the success of the reconstruction. Results: The mean follow-up duration was 18.25 ± 9.64 months. Twelve patients met the inclusion criteria, with an average age of 35.0 ± 5.74 years. Those patients had a mean ACL-RSI score of 81.33 ± 9.11. Nine patients underwent arthroscopic ACL reconstruction using India-made bone fixation brand, while the rest were managed using United States-made bone fixation brand. Tear recurrence rate in India-made brand was found to be at 22.22% and ACL-RSI mean score of 78.22 ± 8.33, while United States-made brand had no tear recurrence and ACL-RSI mean score of 90.67 ± 2.08. Conclusions: This case series shows that United States-made brand had a better tear recurrence rate and ACL-RSI mean score.