bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Type 1 Diabetes Genetic Risk Score Can Aid Discrimination Between Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes in Young Adults
Authors: Oram Richard A. , Patel Kashyap , Hill Anita , Shields Beverley , McDonald Timothy J. , Jones Angus , Hattersley Andrew T. , Weedon Michael N. 
Published: November 2015

OBJECTIVE
With rising obesity, it is becoming increasingly difficult to distinguish between type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in young adults. There has been substantial recent progress in identifying the contribution of common genetic variants to T1D and T2D. We aimed to determine whether a score generated from common genetic variants could be used to discriminate between T1D and T2D and also to predict severe insulin deficiency in young adults with diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We developed genetic risk scores (GRSs) from published T1D- and T2D-associated variants. We first tested whether the scores could distinguish clinically defined T1D and T2D from the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium (WTCCC) (n = 3,887). We then assessed whether the T1D GRS correctly classified young adults (diagnosed at 20–40 years of age, the age-group with the most diagnostic difficulty in clinical practice; n = 223) who progressed to severe insulin deficiency &lt;3 years from diagnosis.

RESULTS
In the WTCCC, the T1D GRS, based on 30 T1D-associated risk variants, was highly discriminative of T1D and T2D (area under the curve [AUC] 0.88 [95% CI 0.87–0.89]; P &lt; 0.0001), and the T2D GRS added little discrimination (AUC 0.89). A T1D GRS &gt;0.280 (&gt;50th centile in those with T1D) is indicative of T1D (50% sensitivity, 95% specificity). A low T1D GRS (&lt;0.234, &lt;5th centile T1D) is indicative of T2D (53% sensitivity, 95% specificity). Most discriminative ability was obtained from just nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (AUC 0.87). In young adults with diabetes, T1D GRS alone predicted progression to insulin deficiency (AUC 0.87 [95% CI 0.82–0.92]; P &lt; 0.0001). T1D GRS, autoantibody status, and clinical features were independent and additive predictors of severe insulin deficiency (combined AUC 0.96 [95% CI 0.94–0.99]; P &lt; 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS
A T1D GRS can accurately identify young adults with diabetes who will require insulin treatment. This will be an important addition to correctly classifying individuals with diabetes when clinical features and autoimmune markers are equivocal.
Relationship Between Parental Diabetes and Presentation of Metabolic and Glycemic Function in Youth With Type 2 Diabetes: Baseline Findings From the TODAY Trial
Authors: Chernausek Steven D. , Arslanian Silva , Caprio Sonia , Copeland Kenneth C. , El ghormli Laure , Kelsey Megan M. , Koontz Michaela B. , Orsi Carisse M. , Wilfley Denise 
Published: November 2015

OBJECTIVE
Children whose parents have diabetes are at increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes. This report assessed relationships between parental diabetes status and baseline demographics, anthropometrics, metabolic measurements, insulin sensitivity, and β-cell function in children recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The sample included 632 youth (aged 10–17 years) diagnosed with type 2 diabetes for &lt;2 years who participated in the TODAY clinical trial. Medical history data were collected at baseline by self-report from parents and family members. Youth baseline measurements included an oral glucose tolerance test and other measures collected by trained study staff.

RESULTS
Youth exposed to maternal diabetes during pregnancy (whether the mother was diagnosed with diabetes prior to pregnancy or had gestational diabetes mellitus) were diagnosed at younger ages (by 0.6 years on average), had greater dysglycemia at baseline (HbA1c increased by 0.3% [3.4 mmol/mol]), and had reduced β-cell function compared with those not exposed (C-peptide index 0.063 vs. 0.092). The effect of maternal diabetes on β-cell function was observed in non-Hispanic blacks and Hispanics but not whites. Relationships with paternal diabetes status were minimal.

CONCLUSIONS
Maternal diabetes prior to or during pregnancy was associated with poorer glycemic control and β-cell function overall but particularly in non-Hispanic black and Hispanic youth, supporting the hypothesis that fetal exposure to aberrant metabolism may have long-term effects. More targeted research is needed to understand whether the impact of maternal diabetes is modified by racial/ethnic factors or whether the pathway to youth-onset type 2 diabetes differs by race/ethnicity.
Low Carbohydrate–Diet Scores and Long-term Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Among Women With a History of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Bao Wei , Li Shanshan , Chavarro Jorge E. , Tobias Deirdre K. , Zhu Yeyi , Hu Frank B. , Zhang Cuilin 
Published: November 2015

OBJECTIVE
Low-carbohydrate diets (LCDs) may improve short-term glycemic control in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), but the long-term effect on progression from GDM to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is unknown. We aimed to examine the long-term risk of T2DM in association with a low-carbohydrate dietary pattern among women with a history of GDM.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Overall, 4,502 women with a history of GDM from the Nurses' Health Study II (NHSII) cohort, as part of the Diabetes & Women’s Health (DWH) study, were followed up from 1991 to 2011. Overall, animal, or vegetable LCD scores, which represent adherence to different low-carbohydrate dietary patterns, were calculated using diet intake information assessed every 4 years since 1991 by validated food-frequency questionnaires. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs.

RESULTS
We documented 722 incident cases of T2DM during 68,897 person-years of observation. The multivariable-adjusted HRs (95% CIs) of T2DM, comparing the highest with lowest quintiles, were 1.36 (1.04–1.78) for overall LCD score (P = 0.003 for trend), 1.40 (1.06–1.84) for animal LCD score (P = 0.004 for trend), and 1.19 (0.91–1.55) for vegetable LCD score (P = 0.50 for trend).

CONCLUSIONS
Among women with a history of GDM, a low-carbohydrate dietary pattern, particularly with high protein and fat intake mainly from animal-source foods, is associated with higher T2DM risk, whereas a low-carbohydrate dietary pattern with high protein and fat intake from plant-source foods is not significantly associated with risk of T2DM.
Predicting Depression among Patients with Diabetes Using Longitudinal Data
Authors: Jin H. , Vidyanti I. , Di Capua P. , Wu B. , Wu S. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryIntroduction: This article is part of the Focus Theme of Methods of Information in Medicine on “Big Data and Analytics in Healthcare”.Background: Depression is a common and often undiagnosed condition for patients with diabetes. It is also a condition that significantly impacts healthcare outcomes, use, and cost as well as elevating suicide risk. Therefore, a model to predict depression among diabetes patients is a promising and valuable tool for providers to proactively assess depressive symptoms and identify those with depression.Objectives: This study seeks to develop a generalized multilevel regression model, using a longitudinal data set from a recent large-scale clinical trial, to predict depression severity and presence of major depression among patients with diabetes.Methods: Severity of depression was measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire PHQ-9 score. Predictors were selected from 29 candidate factors to develop a 2-level Poisson regression model that can make population-average predictions for all patients and subject-specific predictions for individual patients with historical records. Newly obtained patient records can be incorporated with historical records to update the prediction model. Root-mean-square errors (RMSE) were used to evaluate predictive accuracy of PHQ-9 scores. The study also evaluated the classification ability of using the predicted PHQ-9 scores to classify patients as having major depression.Results: Two time-invariant and 10 time-varying predictors were selected for the model. Incorporating historical records and using them to update the model may improve both predictive accuracy of PHQ-9 scores and classification ability of the predicted scores. Subject-specific predictions (for individual patients with historical records) achieved RMSE about 4 and areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve about 0.9 and are better than population-average predictions.Conclusions: The study developed a generalized multilevel regression model to predict depression and demonstrated that using generalized multilevel regression based on longitudinal patient records can achieve high predictive ability.
Mises en scène du pouvoir et enjeux statutaires chez les jeunes Palestiniens réfugiés (Liban)
Authors: Gharbi Mesmar Agnès 
Published: November 2015

Fondé sur une ethnographie réalisée entre 2005 et 2006 dans le centre de l’ONG El Markez du camp de réfugiés palestinien de Nahr el-Barid (Nord-Liban), cet article explore les enjeux de pouvoir, de statuts et de réputation pour des jeunes qui doivent se construire un avenir dans un contexte économique extrêmement difficile. Dans une première partie est exposé le contexte de marginalisation des Palestiniens réfugiés au Liban et le développement des ONG comme structures d’encadrement et ressource culturelle et économique importante ainsi que l’organisation d’El Markez, sa vocation et les positions relatives de ses cadres. Le cœur de l’article est ensuite consacré à l’analyse d’une situation d’épreuve entre les différents protagonistes du centre : la dénonciation de l’immodestie du bras droit du responsable surpris alors qu’il flirtait avec une Française en visite. Les rebondissements de l’affaire sont soigneusement analysés, chacun reposant sur une mise en scène relativement formalisée, de la manière « d’ouvrir » et de « fermer » les problèmes, caractéristique du jeu politique oriental. Cette étude donne à voir les modalités de l’apprentissage de la chose politique par les jeunes Palestiniens du Liban, comment cette période de formation construit des réputations et enfin quelles sont les ressources qui permettent de les asseoir ou, au contraire, de les transformer.
Devenir un « maître de maison » dans le Sud jordanien
Authors: Jungen Christine 
Published: November 2015

Comment devient-on un maître de maison, un homme capable de maîtriser un réseau de parenté et un espace familial ? Cet article propose d’aborder les logiques de pouvoir et d’autorité dans le Sud tribal jordanien à travers ses dimensions spatiale et corporelle. Il retrace le parcours d’un jeune homme vers le statut d’homme adulte en examinant, à travers la relation dialectique entre père et fils, l’apprentissage d’une gestion du corps et, plus encore, de la présence. De celle, ostentatoire et intempestive, du shabb, à celle, maîtrisée et posée, de l’homme adulte, le cheminement, parfois tâtonnant, vers l’âge adulte est ici synonyme de l’expérimentation d’un « art d’être » : celui d’« habiter », au sens propre, le rôle de maître de maison dans l’espace domestique et au-delà.
How we move is universal: Scaling in the average shape of human activity
Authors: Chialvo Dante , Gonzalez Torrado Ana María , Gudowska-Nowak Ewa , Ochab Jeremi K. , Montoya Pedro , Nowak Maciej A. , Tagliazucchi Enzo 
Published: November 2015

Human motor activity is constrained by the rhythmicity of the 24 hours circadian cycle, including the usual 12-15 hours sleep-wake cycle. However, activity fluctuations also appear over a wide range of temporal scales, from days to a few seconds, resulting from the concatenation of a myriad of individual smaller motor events. Furthermore, individuals present different propensity to wakefulness and thus to motor activity throughout the circadian cycle. Are activity fluctuations across temporal scales intrinsically different, or is there a universal description encompassing them? Is this description also universal across individuals, considering the aforementioned variability? Here we establish the presence of universality in motor activity fluctuations based on the empirical study of a month of continuous wristwatch accelerometer recordings. We study the scaling of average fluctuations across temporal scales and determine a universal law characterized by critical exponents $\alpha$, $\tau$ and $1/{ \mu}$. Results are highly reminiscent of the universality described for the average shape of avalanches in systems exhibiting crackling noise. Beyond its theoretical relevance, the present results can be important for developing objective markers of healthy as well as pathological human motor behavior.Received: 18 October 2015, Accepted: 10 November 2015; Edited by: E. Mizraji; Reviewed by: J. Lin, Department of Physics, Washington College, Maryland, USA.; DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4279/PIP.070017Cite as: D R Chialvo, A M Gonzalez Torrado, E Gudowska-Nowak, J K Ochab, P Montoya, M A Nowak, E Tagliazucchi, Papers in Physics 7, 070017 (2015)This paper, by D R Chialvo, A M Gonzalez Torrado, E Gudowska-Nowak, J K Ochab, P Montoya, M A Nowak, E Tagliazucchi, is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0.
Hacia el Modelado de Información Patrimonial. Generación de modelos de información del patrimonio inmueble en el momento de su protección jurídica
Authors: Castellano Román Manuel 
Published: November 2015

<p>The efficiency of building information models (BIM) for architectonical information management suggest the development of Heritage Information Modelling (HIM) as a specific application. Taking as starting point the documental requirements for the juridical protection of a monument, a HIM of the San Pedro’s Church in Arcos de la Frontera (Cádiz, Spain) has been built. HIM provides not only the outputs required by the administrative dossier, but also reveals its obsolescence and shows itself as an efficient tool for comprehensive heritage tutelage management.</p>
La forma de la primitiva iglesia de San Juan Bautista de Oviedo: análisis y contextualización de restos arqueológicos a través de procedimientos de informática gráfica
Authors: Borge Cordovilla Francisco José 
Published: November 2015

<p>The application of the procedures commonly used by computer graphics has allowed the author contextualize the existing remains under the present church of San Pelayo de Oviedo as corresponding to a high medieval crypt, built by the shop that built Santa Maria del Rey Casto basilica and Foncalada fountain, reigning Alfonso II (to 842), including making a joint hypothesis of the same with the primitive basilica of San Juan Bautista named by early medieval sources in Asturias, characterized by a complex liturgical equipment, "confessio" semi-underground low chancel and sanctuary high; by linking the building with other Europeans, the Merovingian and Anglo-Saxon area, of which derived type, also present in the s Roman basilicas of the eighth century.</p>
Propuesta de reconstrucción virtual y material por anastilosis de los restos arqueológicos del patio del palacio renacentista del Embajador Vich en Valencia, España
Authors: Galiana Agulló Mercedes , Mas Tomás Ángeles , Lerma Elvira Carlos , Conesa Tejada Salvador 
Published: November 2015

<p>Ambassador Vich’s palace in Valencia (1526-1858) was one of the first examples of renaissance architecture in Spain. After its demolition, part of the courtyard’s marbles was conserved, gathered, after a century and a half of pilgrimage in a unifying intervention in the Museum of Fine Arts of San Pío V in 2006. The recovery of the spatial, composite and material essence of the monument remains incomplete, as the cornices and frames that decorated the surrounding lower gallery are missing; archaeological remains made with grey Italian limestone, Pietra Serena, which together with the white Carrara marble, created the typical two-colour of these, such “Brunelleschian” composite games. The virtual anastylosis allows a proposal to be launched for the material recovery of the emblematic monument, favouring as such the correct reading of the same.</p>
Sistema de Realidad Aumentada para la musealización de yacimientos arqueológicos
Authors: Esclapés Javier , Tejerina Daniel , Bolufer Joaquín , Esquembre Marco Aurelio 
Published: November 2015

<p>In this paper we are presenting a multi-marker and semi-immersive system for augmented reality to visualize and interact with archaeological sites, specifically those located in inaccessible or complex environments, such as caves or underwater locations. The use of this system in museum exhibitions helps visitors to come closer to archaeological heritage. As an example for the implementation of this system, an archaeological site has been used. It is the “Cova del Barranc del Migdia”, located in the “Sierra del Montgó”, Xàbia (Spain). The product obtained has been exhibited in various museums nationwide.</p>
Architectural heritage 3D and semantic information visualization based on open standards
Authors: Prieto Iñaki , Izkara José Luis , Egusquiza Aitziber 
Published: November 2015

<p>Georeferenced 3D models represent an increasingly accepted solution for storing and displaying information at urban scale. CityGML, as standard data model for the representation, storage and exchange of 3D city models, represent a very attractive solution which combines 3D geometric and semantic information in a single data model. In this paper we present an approach to visualize semantic and 3D information of historical centers using open standards. Also, three client applications are presented targeting different agents with different needs with the characteristic that all the information is got from an unique extended CityGML data model.</p>
Recreación de estructuras arquitectónicas mediante modelaje procedural basado en volúmenes
Authors: Barroso Juan Santiago , Patow Gustavo 
Published: November 2015

<p>While the procedural modeling of buildings and other architectural structures has evolved very significantly in recent years, there is noticeable absence of high-level tools that allow a designer, an artist or an historian, creating important buildings or architectonic structures in a particular city. In this paper we present a tool for creating buildings in a simple and clear, following rules that use the language and methodology of creating their own buildings, and hiding the user the algorithmic details of the creation of the model.</p>
Recurso para la interpretación y accesibilidad al patrimonio. Recorridos inmersivos e interactivos en realidad virtual para dispositivos móviles
Authors: Duclos Bautista Guillermo , Cousillas Ripoll Javier 
Published: November 2015

<p>We propose an interactive resource for the value enhancement, management, diffusion and accessibility of the architectural and archaeological heritage by means of virtual reality technologies through mobile devices. The resource is, in addition, a tool for the management of the heritage by the employment of intermediate modules that allow the graphical and alphanumeric update of the external and internal databases put in relation with the resource, depending on the interventions and investigations that on the monument are taking place in the time. Furthermore, the resource is a powerful compensatory measure for the virtual accessibility to the heritage by persons with limited mobility and / or sensory deficiencies.</p>
Soil Application of Cow Dung with Foliar Application of Boost Extra, Effect on Growth and Yield of Okra in an Ultisol, Nigeria
Authors: S. K. Ogundare , S. A. Mohammed , J. F. Owolabi 
Published: November 2015

Experiments were carried out at the student’s experimental field, Kabba College of Agriculture, Horticulture section to examine the effect of soil application of cow dung combined with foliar application of boost extra on growth and yield of okra in an ultisol, Nigeria. The land was ploughed each year and harrowed with the aid of tractor mounted implements. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). The treatments consisted of A = 3t/ha cow dung, B = 1.0 L/ha foliar + 2.5t/ha cow dung, C =1.5L/ha foliar + 2t/ha cow dung, D = 2 L/ha foliar + 1.5 t/ha cow dung, E = 2.5L/ha foliar + 1.0t/ha cow dung, F = 3t/ha foliar. Each year experiment was conducted using a single field having dimension of 35 by 14m which was laid out into three blocks with 1m guard row between blocks. Each block consists of six plots (5 by 4m) and 1m guard row between plots. Cow dung manure was applied a week before planting. Okra variety Lady’s finger was used. Three seeds per hole were planted on April 4th in both years on the flat with a spacing of 60cm x 25cm between and within the rows and later thinned to one plant per stand. Data taken included plant height at 50 % flowering, number of branches per plant, leaf area, pod length, pod diameter, number of pods per plant; and pod weight and yield (t/ha). The data were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) while the Least Significant Difference (LSD) was used to separate treatment means. The result shows that plot treated with 2.0L/ha foliar + 1.5 t/ha cow dung had the best performance in yield and yield components in this study. It is therefore recommended that okra farmers should integrated foliar fertilizer (boost extra) at the rate of 2L per hectare with cow dung at rate of 1.5t per hectare be used for okra production in the study area.
Análise GGE biplot de genótipos de milho sob diferentes formas de adubação em sistema de agricultura familiar
Authors: Pagliosa Eduardo Stefani , Carpentieri-Pípolo Valéria , Zucareli Claudemir , Zago Valquíria Sheila 
Published: November 2015

<p> </p><p class="Pa7" style="margin-right: 28pt;"><span style="font-family: Verdana; color: black; font-size: 8pt;">A interação genótipo x ambiente influencia grandemente a seleção de genótipos e o sistema de cultivo adotado deve levar em consideração a resposta do genótipo ao manejo empregado. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a interação genótipo x ambiente através da análise GGE biplot de quatro genótipos de milho (duas variedades crioulas, uma variedade melhorada e um híbrido comercial) em resposta a formas de adubação (orgânica e química) sob diferentes ambientes. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial 5x4x3, com quatro repetições, com a combinação dos fatores: cinco ambientes (Imbaú em 2006/2007; Alvorada do Sul em 2008/2009; e Londrina em 2007/2008, 2008/2009 e 2009/2010); quatro genótipos de milho (Caiano, Asteca, DKB 390 e IPR 114); e três formas de adubações (sem adubação, adubação orgânica e adubação química). Considerando o rendimento para Alvorada do Sul, o híbrido DKB 390 em cultivo com cama de frango é uma alternativa para pequenos produtores visando maiores produtividades. Para Londrina, a utilização de IPR 114 propicia maior produtividade, no sistema testado, entretanto para Imbaú deve-se utilizar Asteca. A avaliação dos efeitos da interação genótipo x ambiente baseada na análise GGE Biplot possibilitou identificar através do comportamento genotípico as variedades promissoras e estáveis, bem como os ambientes que otimizam o desempenho das variedades, sendo um método recomendado para melhorar a eficiência da identificação de genótipos em ambientes específicos. </span></p>
Austerity’s Effect on English Civil Justice
Authors: Sorabji John 
Published: November 2015

Austerity’s Effect on English Civil Justice
This article considers the effect of austerity-induced public spending cuts on the English civil justice system. In doing so it initially examines two fundamental changes engendered by the effect austerity has had on civil court fees and legal aid: first, a challenge to the traditional commitment in English procedure to adversarial process, and a concomitant increase in inquisitorial or investigative processes; and secondly, the growth in use of unqualified individuals to act as advocates in court for individual litigants who are unable to afford legal representation. It then turns to consider what, if any, effect austerity has had on simplified processes available in English civil procedure.