bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diversity and seasonal abundance of tephritid fruit flies in three agro‐ecosystems in Benin, West Africa
Authors: Gnanvossou D. , Hanna R. , Goergen G. , Salifu D. , Tanga C. M. , Mohamed S. A. , Ekesi S. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe horticulture industry in Benin is under threat due to fruit fly infestation on important crops such as cucurbits and mango. Given the economic losses due to fruit fly infestations, population dynamics of fruit flies on these crops were monitored over 6 years (2004–2010) using three parapheromones—cuelure, methyl eugenol and terpinyl acetate. A total of 2,714,186 specimens belonging to 14 species in four genera (Bactrocera, Ceratitis, Dacus and Zeugodacus) were collected. Bactrocera dorsalis was the dominant species that accounted for 89%, 89.6% and 77.2% of captures in the Forest Savannah Mosaic (FSM), Southern Guinea Savannah (SGS) and Northern Guinea Savannah (NGS) agro‐ecosystems, respectively. Shannon index values of species diversity differed significantly among agro‐ecosystems, with highest diversity in FSM followed by SGS and NGS. Temperature, rainfall and relative humidity (RH) positively influenced the abundance of Dacus species and Zeugodacus cucurbitae across the three agro‐ecosystems. Monthly mean temperatures were in a range suitable for development and reproduction of fruit flies, although minimum temperatures could be below such range, which may explain the lower abundance of fruit fly populations during this period of the year. The abundance of B. dorsalis was negatively correlated with maximum temperature and positively correlated with RH and rainfall. Ceratitis species assemblages were significantly affected by minimum temperatures, rainfall and agro‐ecosystem. Populations of B. dorsalis and Ceratitis cosyra dropped drastically in August, while those of Z. cucurbitae and Dacus punctatifrons increased sharply from August. Results of this study provide a platform for developing a comprehensive and sustainable management strategy for B. dorsalis and other fruit flies in the three agro‐ecosystems to protect the horticulture industry in Benin.
A New Subspecies of Oxytricha granulifera (Hypotrichia: Oxytrichidae) from Mexico, with Notes on its Morphogenesis and Phylogenetic Position
Authors: Méndez‐Sánchez Daniel , Mayén‐Estrada Rosaura , Luo Xiaotian , Hu Xiaozhong 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe genus Oxytricha Bory de Saint‐Vincent in Lamouroux, Bory de Saint‐Vincent and Deslongchamps, 1824 comprises about 38 species distributed worldwide and has been considered to be a nonmonophyletic group. Based on living observations, protargol preparations, and a small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene sequence, we describe a new subspecies Oxytricha granulifera chiapasensis n. subsp. This new taxon is morphologically characterized by undulating membranes basically in a Stylonychia‐pattern, six dorsal kineties, size in vivo ca. 60–120 × 20–40 μm, 21–30 right and 21–31 left marginal cirri, 22–29 adoral membranelles, and spherical cortical granules arranged in longitudinal rows on the dorsal side. In terms of the SSU rRNA gene sequence, the new subspecies differs from populations of O. granulifera from GENBANK by 7–35 nucleotides. Phylogenetic analyses showed that Oxytricha granulifera gene sequences were nested into three groups, with the new subspecies included in one of them. Oxytricha granulifera chiapasensis n. subsp. is different from Oxytricha granulifera granulifera Foissner and Adam, 1983 and Oxytricha granulifera quadricirrata Blatterer and Foissner, 1988 based on: (i) undulating membranes in Stylonychia‐pattern, (ii) formation of a sixth dorsal kinety during morphogenesis, (iii) the adoral membranelles number, and (iv) inhabiting freshwater habitats.
Automated identification of normoblast cell from human peripheral blood smear images
Authors: DAS DEV KUMAR , MAITI ASOK KUMAR , CHAKRABORTY CHANDAN 
Published: October 2017

SummaryIn this paper, we have presented a new computer‐aided technique for automatic detection of nucleated red blood cells (NRBCs) or normoblast cell from peripheral blood smear image. The proposed methodology initiates with the localization of the nucleated cells by adopting multilevel thresholding approach in smear images. A novel colour space transformation technique has been introduced to differentiate nucleated blood cells [white blood cells (WBCs) and NRBC] from red blood cells (RBCs) by enhancing the contrast between them. Subsequently, special fuzzy c‐means (SFCM) clustering algorithm is applied on enhanced image to segment out the nucleated cell. Finally, nucleated RBC and WBC are discriminated by the random forest tree classifier based on first‐order statistical‐based features. Experimentally, we observed that the proposed technique achieved 99.42% accuracy in automatic detection of NRBC from blood smear images. Further, the technique could be used to assist the clinicians to diagnose a different anaemic condition.
Shyness, Preference for Solitude, and Adolescent Internalizing: The Roles of Maternal, Paternal, and Best‐Friend Support
Authors: Barstead Matthew G. , Smith Kelly A. , Laursen Brett , Booth‐LaForce Cathryn , King Shakeena , Rubin Kenneth H. 
Published: October 2017

The researchers examined differential outcomes related to two distinct motivations for withdrawal (preference for solitude and shyness) as well as the possibility that support from important others (mothers, fathers, and best friends) attenuate any such links. Adolescents (159 males, 171 females) reported on their motivations to withdraw, internalizing symptoms, and relationship quality in eighth grade, as well as their anxiety and depression in ninth grade. Using structural equation modeling, the authors found that maternal support weakened the association between shyness and internalizing problems; friend support weakened the association between preference for solitude and depression; and friend support strengthened the association between shyness and depression. Results suggest that shy adolescents may not derive the same benefits from supportive friendships as their typical peers.
Screening and referral for children with physical disabilities
Authors: Georgiadis Andrew G , Thomason Pam , Willoughby Kate , Graham H Kerr 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe clinical care of children with physical disabilities is a major priority for paediatricians and paediatric orthopaedic surgeons. Cerebral palsy (CP) is the prototypical condition and remains the most common cause of physical disability in developed countries. The incidence is approximately 2 per 1000 live births, translating to between 600 and 700 new children per annum in Australia, with approximately 34 000 children and adults currently living with CP. This figure is predicted to rise inexorably over the next 20 years. The care of children with physical disabilities, including those with CP, is usually coordinated by paediatricians, general practitioners and allied health teams including physiotherapists, with input from paediatric orthopaedic surgeons when appropriate. The emphasis in care for children with CP has moved from ‘reactive’ to ‘proactive’. In the past, children are often referred when symptomatic, for example when a hip dislocation had occurred and became painful. The emphasis now is on coordinated, multidisciplinary care in which musculoskeletal manifestations of disability are identified by screening programmes. Systematic screening, especially when population‐based and linked to a register, avoids children getting ‘lost in the system’. Early and more effective interventions may be offered for the prevention of contractures, dislocation of the hip and spinal deformities. In this review, we will focus on the assessment of gait in children with physical disabilities, and monitoring for hip and spine deformity.
Susceptibility of different mouse strains to peri‐implantitis
Authors: Hiyari S. , Naghibi A. , Wong R. , Sadreshkevary R. , Yi‐Ling L. , Tetradis S. , Camargo P. M. , Pirih F. Q. 
Published: October 2017

Background and ObjectivePeri‐implantitis (PI) is an inflammatory condition that affects the tissues surrounding dental implants. Although the pathogenesis of PI is not fully understood, evidence suggests that the etiology is multifactorial and may include a genetic component. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of genetics in the development of peri‐implantitis.Material and MethodsFour‐week‐old C57BL/6J, C3H/HeJ and A/J male mice had their left maxillary molars extracted. Implants were placed in the healed extraction sockets. Upon osseointegration, ligatures were placed around the implant head for 1 or 4 weeks to induce PI. Micro‐computed tomography scanning was used to measure volumetric bone loss. Histological analyses were also performed to evaluate collagen organization and the presence of neutrophils and osteoclasts.ResultsRadiographically, comparing the ligature‐treated mice, C57BL/6J displayed the greatest amount of bone loss, followed by C3H/HeJ and A/J mice at 1 and 4 weeks. Histologically, at 1 week, C57BL/6J mice presented with the highest numbers of neutrophils and osteoclasts. At 4 weeks, C57BL/6J mice presented with the most active bone remodeling compared with the other two strains.ConclusionThere were significant differences in the severity of peri‐implantitis among the different mouse strains, suggesting that the genetic framework can affect implant survival and success. Future work is needed to dissect the genetic contribution to the development of peri‐implantitis.
Osseointegration of zirconia and titanium implants in a rabbit tibiae model evaluated by microtomography, histomorphometry and fluorochrome labeling analyses
Authors: Martins R. , Cestari T. M. , Arantes R. V. N. , Santos P. S. , Taga R. , Carbonari M. J. , Oliveira R. C. 
Published: October 2017

ObjectivesThis study compares the osseointegration of machined‐zirconia implants containing yttria (M‐Y‐TZP) with machined (M‐Ti) and resorbable blast media (RBM‐Ti) titanium implants.Material and MethodsM‐Y‐TZP, M‐Ti and RBM‐Ti implants were randomly placed in rabbit tibiae. Fluorochrome bone labels (tetracycline, alizarin and calcein) were administered at different time periods. After 8 weeks, osseointegration was evaluated in terms of bone‐to‐implant contact (BIC), new bone area (nBA), remaining cortical bone area (rBA) and temporal quantification of fluorochromes, using micro‐CT and histomorphometric analyses.ResultsRBM‐Ti implants showed higher resorption of the remaining cortical bone and bone formation (rBA = 36.9% and nBA = 38.8%) than M‐Y‐TZP implants (rBA = 48% and nBA = 26.5%). The BIC values showed no differences among the groups in the cortical region (mean = 52.2%) but in the medullary region, they were 0.45‐fold higher in the RBM‐Ti group (51.2%) than in the M‐Y‐TZP group (35.2%). In all groups, high incorporation of tetracycline was observed (2nd to 4th weeks), followed by alizarin (4th to 6th weeks) and calcein (6th to 8th weeks). In the cortical region, incorporation of tetracycline was similar between RBM‐Ti (49.8%) and M‐Y‐TZP (35.9%) implants, but higher than M‐Ti (28.2%) implants. Subsequently, alizarin and calcein were 1.1‐fold higher in RBM‐Ti implants than in the other implants. In the medullary region, no significant differences were observed for all fluorochromes.ConclusionAll implants favored bone formation and consequently promoted primary stability. Bone formation around the threads was faster in RBM‐Ti and M‐Y‐TZP implants than in M‐Ti implants, but limited bone remodeling with M‐Y‐TZP implants over time can have significant effects on secondary stability, suggesting caution for its use as an alternative substitute for titanium implants.
Chemical variations and genetic relationships between the Hess and Foy offset dikes at the Sudbury impact structure
Authors: Pilles E. A. , Osinski G. R. , Grieve R. A. F. , Smith D. A. , Bailey J. M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractOffset dikes are found concentrically around—and extending radially outward from—the Sudbury Igneous Complex (SIC), which represents an ~3 km thick differentiated impact melt sheet. The dikes are typically composed of an inclusion‐rich, so‐called quartz diorite (IQD) in the center of the dike, and an inclusion‐poor quartz diorite (QD) along the margins of the dike. New exposures of the intersection between the concentric Hess and radial Foy offset dikes provide an excellent opportunity to understand the relationship between the radial and concentric offset dikes and their internal phases. The goal was to constrain the timing of the dike emplacements relative to the impact and formation of the SIC. Results herein suggest that (1) the timing between the emplacement of the QD and IQD melts was geologically short, (2) the Hess and Foy dikes coexisted as melts at the same time and the intersection between them represents a mixture of the two, (3) the Foy dike has a slightly more evolved chemical composition than the Hess dike, and (4) the IQD melt from the Foy dike underwent some degree of chemical fractionation after its initial emplacement.
Nutrient sensing in pancreatic islets: lessons from congenital hyperinsulinism and monogenic diabetes
Authors: Lu Ming , Li Changhong 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPancreatic beta cells sense changes in nutrients during the cycles of fasting and feeding and release insulin accordingly to maintain glucose homeostasis. Abnormal beta cell nutrient sensing resulting from gene mutations leads to hypoglycemia or diabetes. Glucokinase (GCK) plays a key role in beta cell glucose sensing. As one form of congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI), activating mutations of GCK result in a decreased threshold for glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion and hypoglycemia. In contrast, inactivating mutations of GCK result in diabetes, including a mild form (MODY2) and a severe form (permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus (PNDM)). Mutations of beta cell ion channels involved in insulin secretion regulation also alter glucose sensing. Activating or inactivating mutations of ATP‐dependent potassium (KATP) channel genes result in severe but completely opposite clinical phenotypes, including PNDM and CHI. Mutations of the other ion channels, including voltage‐gated potassium channels (Kv7.1) and voltage‐gated calcium channels, also lead to abnormal glucose sensing and CHI. Furthermore, amino acids can stimulate insulin secretion in a glucose‐independent manner in some forms of CHI, including activating mutations of the glutamate dehydrogenase gene, HDAH deficiency, and inactivating mutations of KATP channel genes. These genetic defects have provided insight into a better understanding of the complicated nature of beta cell fuel‐sensing mechanisms.
Osteocalcin and osteopontin influence bone morphology and mechanical properties
Authors: Bailey Stacyann , Karsenty Gerard , Gundberg Caren , Vashishth Deepak 
Published: October 2017

AbstractOsteocalcin (OC) and osteopontin (OPN) are major non‐collagenous proteins (NCPs) involved in bone matrix organization and deposition. In spite of this, it is currently unknown whether OC and OPN alter bone morphology and consequently affect bone fracture resistance. The goal of this study is to establish the role of OC and OPN in the determination of cortical bone size, shape, and mechanical properties. Our results show that Oc–/– and Opn–/– mice were no different from each other or wild type (WT) with respect to bone morphology (P > 0.1). Bones from mice lacking both NCPs (Oc–/–Opn–/–) were shorter, with thicker cortices and larger cortical areas, compared with the WT, Oc–/–, and Opn–/– groups (P < 0.05), suggesting a synergistic role for NCPs in the determination of bone morphology. Maximum bending load was significantly different among the groups (P = 0.024), while tissue mineral density and measures of stiffness and strength were not different (P > 0.1). We conclude that the removal of both OC and OPN from bone matrix induces morphological adaptation at the structural level to maintain bone strength.
Multiple Testing for No Cointegration under Nonstationary Volatility
Authors: Demetrescu Matei , Hanck Christoph 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWith cointegration tests often being oversized under time‐varying error variance, it is possible, if not likely, to confuse error variance non‐stationarity with cointegration. This paper takes an instrumental variable (IV) approach to establish individual‐unit test statistics for no cointegration that are robust to variance non‐stationarity. The sign of a fitted departure from long‐run equilibrium is used as an instrument when estimating an error‐correction model. The resulting IV‐based test is shown to follow a chi‐square limiting null distribution irrespective of the variance pattern of the data‐generating process. In spite of this, the test proposed here has, unlike previous work relying on instrumental variables, competitive local power against sequences of local alternatives in 1/T‐neighbourhoods of the null. The standard limiting null distribution motivates, using the single‐unit tests in a multiple testing approach for cointegration in multi‐country data sets by combining P‐values from individual units. Simulations suggest good performance of the single‐unit and multiple testing procedures under various plausible designs of cross‐sectional correlation and cross‐unit cointegration in the data. An application to the equilibrium relationship between short‐ and long‐term interest rates illustrates the dramatic differences between results of robust and non‐robust tests.
Efficacy and Safety of Postoperative Pain Relief by Parecoxib Injection after Laparoscopic Surgeries: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Huang Jun‐ming , Lv Zheng‐tao , Zhang Ya‐nan , Jiang Wen‐xiu , Li Han‐ning , Nie Ming‐bo 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of parecoxib injection in pain relief after laparoscopic surgeries.MethodsA comprehensive literature search based on 4 online databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science) was applied to retrieve all related randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Two independent reviewers screened each article for eligibility according to the predetermined inclusion criteria. The Cochrane Collaboration's tool was applied to evaluate the methodological quality of included studies. A standardized data collection sheet was designed to extract data from included studies. RevMan version 5.3 (The Cochrane Collaboration, Copenhagen, Denmark) was selected to perform meta‐analysis.ResultsA total of 1,060 participants who were scheduled for gynecological laparoscopic surgery or laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) were enrolled in 12 selected RCTs. The methodological qualities of the studies were evaluated as moderate to high. The combined data showed that perioperative parecoxib injection could significantly reduce the proportion of patients who required adjuvant pain relieve after laparoscopic surgeries. Significantly lower pain scores in the parecoxib groups were observed, which proved that preoperative or intraoperative injection of 40 mg parecoxib was more effective than placebo for immediate pain relief after LC. But preoperative injection of 40 mg parecoxib showed no improvement compared with placebo in the management of immediate pain following gynecological laparoscopic surgery. The occurrence of adverse events showed no differences between perioperative parecoxib administration and placebo control.ConclusionPerioperative parecoxib administration was effective in reducing the proportion of patients who required adjuvant pain relief after laparoscopic surgeries without significant adverse events compared with placebo. The effect of parecoxib injection on immediate pain relief remains in question. Future RCTs with larger sample sizes are encouraged.
Elevated ozone reduces photosynthetic carbon gain by accelerating leaf senescence of inbred and hybrid maize in a genotype‐specific manner
Authors: Yendrek Craig R. , Erice Gorka , Montes Christopher M. , Tomaz Tiago , Sorgini Crystal A. , Brown Patrick J. , McIntyre Lauren M. , Leakey Andrew D.B. , Ainsworth Elizabeth A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractExposure to elevated tropospheric ozone concentration ([O3]) accelerates leaf senescence in many C3 crops. However, the effects of elevated [O3] on C4 crops including maize (Zea mays L.) are poorly understood in terms of physiological mechanism and genetic variation in sensitivity. Using free air gas concentration enrichment, we investigated the photosynthetic response of 18 diverse maize inbred and hybrid lines to season‐long exposure to elevated [O3] (~100 nl L−1) in the field. Gas exchange was measured on the leaf subtending the ear throughout the grain filling period. On average over the lifetime of the leaf, elevated [O3] led to reductions in photosynthetic CO2 assimilation of both inbred (−22%) and hybrid (−33%) genotypes. There was significant variation among both inbred and hybrid lines in the sensitivity of photosynthesis to elevated [O3], with some lines showing no change in photosynthesis at elevated [O3]. Based on analysis of inbred line B73, the reduced CO2 assimilation at elevated [O3] was associated with accelerated senescence decreasing photosynthetic capacity and not altered stomatal limitation. These findings across diverse maize genotypes could advance the development of more O3 tolerant maize and provide experimental data for parameterization and validation of studies modeling how O3 impacts crop performance.
Epidermal nevus syndromes: New insights into whorls and swirls
Authors: Asch Sarah , Sugarman Jeffrey L. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractKnowledge of the molecular underpinnings of many epidermal nevi and epidermal nevus syndrome has expanded rapidly in recent years. In this review and update on epidermal nevus syndrome, we will cover recent genetic discoveries involving epidermal nevi, including nevus sebaceus, keratinocytic epidermal nevus, nevus comedonicus, congenital hemidysplasia with ichthyosiform nevus and limb defects syndrome, phakomatosis pigmentokeratotica, Becker's nevus, porokeratotic adnexal ostial nevus, inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevi, and cutaneous‐skeletal hypophosphatemia syndrome. We will discuss how newly defined mutations relate to the biology reflected in the cutaneous patterns seen in these mosaic disorders and how new molecular data has informed our understanding of these diseases and shaped management decisions.
Split‐graft liver transplantation from an adult donor with an unrecognized UCD to a pediatric and adult recipient
Authors: Lee C. H. , Ellaway C. , Shun A. , Thomas G. , Nair P. , O'Neill J. , Shakel N. , Stormon M. O. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe report the outcomes of an adult and pediatric split liver transplant from an adult male donor who died due to an unrecognized UCD, OTC deficiency. Recognizing inborn errors of metabolism can be challenging, especially in adult centers where such disorders are rarely encountered. Shortage of donors for liver transplantation has led to procedures to maximize donor utilization, such as split and live donor grafts. The cause of death should be ascertained before accepting a cadaveric donor organ.