bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reversible Humidity Sensitive Clothing for Personal Thermoregulation
Authors: Zhong Ying , Zhang Fenghua , Wang Meng , Gardner Calvin J. , Kim Gunwoo , Liu Yanju , Leng Jinsong , Jin Sungho , Chen Renkun 
Published: March 2017

AbstractTwo kinds of humidity-induced, bendable smart clothing have been designed to reversibly adapt their thermal insulation functionality. The first design mimics the pores in human skin, in which pre-cut flaps open to produce pores in Nafion sheets when humidity increases, as might occur during human sweating thus permitting air flow and reducing both the humidity level and the apparent temperature. Like the smart human sweating pores, the flaps can close automatically after the perspiration to keep the wearer warm. The second design involves thickness adjustable clothes by inserting the bent polymer sheets between two fabrics. As the humidity increases, the sheets become thinner, thus reducing the gap between the two fabrics to reduce the thermal insulation. The insulation layer can recover its original thickness upon humidity reduction to restore its warmth-preservation function. Such humidity sensitive smart polymer materials can be utilized to adjust personal comfort, and be effective in reducing energy consumption for building heating or cooling with numerous smart design.
MiR-34a-5p promotes multi-chemoresistance of osteosarcoma through down-regulation of the DLL1 gene
Authors: Pu Youguang , Zhao Fangfang , Wang Haiyan , Cai Shanbao 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMiR-34a-5p has been implicated in the tumorigenesis and progression of several types of cancer. However, the role of miR-34a-5p in osteosarcoma (OS) remains largely unknown. This study was performed in two multi-chemosensitive (G-292 and MG63.2) and two resistant (SJSA-1 and MNNG/HOS) OS cell lines. MiR-34a-5p promotes OS multi-chemoresistance via its repression of the Delta-like ligand 1 (DLL1) gene, the ligand of the Notch pathway, and thus negatively correlates with OS chemoresistance. The siRNA-mediated repression of the DLL1 gene suppressed cell apoptosis and de-sensitized G-292 and MG63.2 cells, while overexpression of DLL1 sensitized SJSA-1 and MNNG/HOS cells to drug-induced cell death. In agreement with the changes in the drug-induced cell death, the activity of the ATF2/ATF3/ATF4 signaling pathway was significantly altered by a forced reversal of miR-34a-5p or DLL1 levels in OS cells. DLL1 is a target of miR-34a-5p and negatively regulates the multi-chemoresistance of OS. This study suggested that miR-34a-5p, DLL1 and the ATF2/ATF3/ATF4 signaling pathway-associated genes are the potential diagnostic and/or therapeutic targets for an effective chemotherapy of OS. Our results also provide novel insights into the effective chemotherapy for OS patients.
Human Endometrial Stromal Cells Are Highly Permissive To Productive Infection by Zika Virus
Authors: Pagani Isabel , Ghezzi Silvia , Ulisse Adele , Rubio Alicia , Turrini Filippo , Garavaglia Elisabetta , Candiani Massimo , Castilletti Concetta , Ippolito Giuseppe , Poli Guido , Broccoli Vania , Panina-Bordignon Paola , Vicenzi Elisa 
Published: March 2017

AbstractZika virus (ZIKV) is a recently re-emerged flavivirus transmitted to humans by mosquito bites but also from mother to fetus and by sexual intercourse. We here show that primary human endometrial stromal cells (HESC) are highly permissive to ZIKV infection and support its in vitro replication. ZIKV envelope expression was detected in the endoplasmic reticulum whereas double-stranded viral RNA colocalized with vimentin filaments to the perinuclear region. ZIKV productive infection also occurred in the human T-HESC cell line together with the induction of interferon-β (IFN-β) and of IFN-stimulated genes. Notably, in vitro decidualization of T-HESC with cyclic AMP and progesterone upregulated the cell surface expression of the ZIKV entry co-receptor AXL and boosted ZIKV replication by ca. 100-fold. Thus, endometrial stromal cells, particularly if decidualized, likely represent a crucial cell target of ZIKV reaching them, either via the uterine vasculature in the viremic phase of the infection or by sexual viral transmission, and a potential source of virus spreading to placental trophoblasts during pregnancy.
Auto-phosphorylation Represses Protein Kinase R Activity
Authors: Wang Die , de Weerd Nicole A. , Willard Belinda , Polekhina Galina , Williams Bryan R. G. , Sadler Anthony J. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe central role of protein kinases in controlling disease processes has spurred efforts to develop pharmaceutical regulators of their activity. A rational strategy to achieve this end is to determine intrinsic auto-regulatory processes, then selectively target these different states of kinases to repress their activation. Here we investigate auto-regulation of the innate immune effector protein kinase R, which phosphorylates the eukaryotic initiation factor 2α to inhibit global protein translation. We demonstrate that protein kinase R activity is controlled by auto-inhibition via an intra-molecular interaction. Part of this mechanism of control had previously been reported, but was then controverted. We account for the discrepancy and extend our understanding of the auto-inhibitory mechanism by identifying that auto-inhibition is paradoxically instigated by incipient auto-phosphorylation. Phosphor-residues at the amino-terminus instigate an intra-molecular interaction that enlists both of the N-terminal RNA-binding motifs of the protein with separate surfaces of the C-terminal kinase domain, to co-operatively inhibit kinase activation. These findings identify an innovative mechanism to control kinase activity, providing insight for strategies to better regulate kinase activity.
Measurement and Visualization of Tight Rock Exposed to CO2 Using NMR Relaxometry and MRI
Authors: Wang Haitao , Lun Zengmin , Lv Chengyuan , Lang Dongjiang , Ji Bingyu , Luo Ming , Pan Weiyi , Wang Rui , Gong Kai 
Published: March 2017

AbstractUnderstanding mechanisms of oil mobilization of tight matrix during CO2 injection is crucial for CO2 enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and sequestration engineering design. In this study exposure behavior between CO2 and tight rock of the Ordos Basin has been studied experimentally by using nuclear magnetic resonance transverse relaxation time (NMR T2) spectrum and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) under the reservoir pressure and temperature. Quantitative analysis of recovery at the pore scale and visualization of oil mobilization are achieved. Effects of CO2 injection, exposure times and pressure on recovery performance have been investigated. The experimental results indicate that oil in all pores can be gradually mobilized to the surface of rock by CO2 injection. Oil mobilization in tight rock is time-consuming while oil on the surface of tight rock can be mobilized easily. CO2 injection can effectively mobilize oil in all pores of tight rock, especially big size pores. This understanding of process of matrix exposed to CO2 could support the CO2 EOR in tight reservoirs.
Assessing the Spatiotemporal Variation and Impact Factors of Net Primary Productivity in China
Authors: Wang Xue , Tan Kun , Chen Baozhang , Du Peijun 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn this study, the net primary productivity (NPP) in China from 2001 to 2012 was estimated based on the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach (CASA) model using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and meteorological datasets, and the accuracy was verified by a ChinaFLUX dataset. It was found that the spatiotemporal variations in NPP present a downward trend with the increase of latitude and longitude. Moreover, the influence of climate change on the evolution of NPP shows that NPP has had different impact factors in different regions and periods over the 12 years. The eastern region has shown the largest increase in gross regional product (GRP) and a significant fluctuation in NPP over the 12 years. Meanwhile, NPP in the eastern and central regions is significantly positively correlated with annual solar radiation, while NPP in these two regions is significantly negatively correlated with the growth rate of GRP. It is concluded that both the development of the economy and climate change have influenced NPP evolution in China. In addition, NPP has shown a steadily rising trend over the 12 years as a result of the great importance attributed to ecological issues when developing the economy.
Peroneal Flap for Tongue Reconstruction
Authors: Lin Ying-Sheng , Liu Wen-Chung , Lin Yaoh-Shiang , Chen Lee-Wei , Yang Kuo-Chung 
Published: March 2017

Background For large tongue defects, reconstructive surgeons have devised a variety of feasible options, such as radial forearm free flap and anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap. In our institution, peroneal flap has been the workhorse flap for the soft tissue defect in head and neck reconstruction. We present our experience using peroneal flap in tongue reconstruction.
Patients and Methods The study included 47 patients who had undergone tongue reconstructions with peroneal flaps after tumor resection. The size and location of the defect after tumor resection determined whether the peroneal flaps could be harvested as pure septocutaneous flaps to solely reconstruct the neotongue or to carry an additional muscle bulk to fill the adjacent defect. Retrospective chart review was used to look for postoperative complications and to perform functional assessments (which were also performed through telephone inquiry).
Results Of the 47 patients, 3 (6%) had flap failure and 1 (2.1%) had partial flap necrosis. The hemiglossectomy group had better results than the total glossectomy group with respect to speech and diet, but neither of these results reached statistical significance (p = 1.0 for speech and p = 0.06 for diet). The results of the subtotal glossectomy group were better than those of the total glossectomy group with respect to diet (p = 0.03). No statistically significant differences were noted among the three groups with respect to cosmetic aspect (p = 0.64).
Conclusions Considering its reasonable postoperative complication rates and functional results, peroneal flap can be considered a feasible option for tongue reconstruction.
A New Supermicrosurgery Training Model of Saphenous Artery and Great Saphenous Vein Anastomosis for Development of Advanced Microsurgical Skills
Authors: Bas Can , Cwykiel Joanna , Siemionow Maria 
Published: March 2017

Background This study aimed to confirm the feasibility and reliability of saphenous artery (SA) and great saphenous vein (GSV) anastomosis as a new supermicrosurgery training model and to compare the one-way-up anastomosis with the currently used end-to-end anastomosis technique.
Methods Twenty supermicrosurgical anastomoses were performed in 10 Sprague Dawley rats. The external diameters of SA and GSV were measured using Leica LAS EZ software. The right-side SA and GSV anastomoses were performed using the standard end-to-end anastomosis technique. The left-side SA and GSV anastomoses were performed using the one-way-up technique with 11–0 monofilament-interrupted sutures. The duration of the surgery, patency rates, and technical challenges of the two anastomoses methods were compared.
Results The mean external diameters of SA and GSV were 0.273 ± 0.03 and 0.291 ± 0.02 mm, respectively, which qualify these vessels for supermicrosurgical training. The vessels were easily accessible and both anastomosis techniques were feasible. The one-way-up technique was proven to be faster as compared with the end-to-end anastomosis technique (artery: 34 ± 2.55 vs. 40.4 ± 2.97 minutes, p = 0.02; and vein: 37 ± 4.85 vs. 44 ± 2.35 minutes, p = 0.05, respectively). Short-term patency rates for arteries and veins were 100% for both techniques. Seven-day anastomosis patency rates for arteries and veins were 80 and 100% for the end-to-end technique and 100 and 80% for the one-way-up technique, respectively.
Conclusions We confirmed that saphenous pedicle is suitable for creating a supermicrosurgery training model for practicing the ultrafine motor skills. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on supermicrosurgery of SA and GSV in the rat model.
The Transseptal Arthroscopic Knee Portal Is in Close Proximity to the Popliteal Artery: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Cancienne Jourdan , Werner Brian , Burrus M. , Kandil Abdurrahman , Conte Evan , Gwathmey Frank , Miller Mark 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to use fluoroscopy to measure the distance between the transseptal portal and the popliteal artery under arthroscopic conditions with an intact posterior knee capsule, and to determine the difference between 90 degrees of knee flexion and full extension. The popliteal artery of eight fresh-frozen cadaveric knees was dissected and cannulated proximal to the knee joint. The posterolateral, posteromedial, and transseptal portals were then established at 90 degrees of flexion. A 4-mm switching stick was placed through the transseptal portal, and barium contrast was injected into the popliteal artery. A lateral fluoroscopic image was taken with the knee in 90 degrees of flexion and full extension, and the distance between the popliteal artery and the switching stick was measured and compared using a paired t-test. In knee flexion, the average distance between the transseptal portal and the anterior aspect of the popliteal artery for the eight cadaveric specimens was 12.0 mm ± 3.3 mm; in extension, this decreased to 9.0 mm ± 2.7 mm. The distance between the transseptal portal and popliteal artery was significantly higher at 90 degrees of knee flexion as compared with extension (p = 0.0005). The transseptal posterior knee arthroscopic portal must be carefully created due to the close proximity to the popliteal artery, and may be closer to the artery than previously reported in specimens with an intact posterior knee capsule. Creating the portal with the knee in flexion significantly displaces the popliteal artery away from the portal reducing the risk of arterial injury.
Influence of Body Mass Index on Compensatory Sweating in Patients after Thoracic Sympathectomy due to Palmar Hyperhidrosis
Authors: Cwalina Natalia , Stefaniak Tomasz , Dobosz Lukasz 
Published: March 2017

Background Thoracic sympathectomy (TS) is one of the most effective methods of treatment of primary hyperhidrosis. One of the side effects of this procedure is compensatory sweating (CS).
Objective The aim of our study was to evaluate the influence of body mass index (BMI) on CS in patients after TS due to palmar hyperhidrosis.
Methods Data from 157 patients with palmar hyperhidrosis who underwent TS were collected. The patients were subsequently divided in two groups according to their initial BMI: group A, BMI < 25 kg/m2, and group B, BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. Objective (gravimetry) and subjective (VAS) measurements of the intensity of hyperhidrosis were taken from the patients' bodies prior to surgery, as well as 3 and 12 months after TS.
Results Average palmar hyperhidrosis levels before the surgery did not differ significantly between the two groups (238.65 vs. 190.15; p = 0.053). A statistically significant decrease in palmar hyperhidrosis was noted in both groups, both 3 and 12 months after surgery (238.65 vs. 11.86 vs. 13.5; p < 0.05, and 190.15 vs. 16.67 vs. 11.81; p < 0.05, respectively). The intensity of sweating over the abdomino-lumbar area differed significantly between the groups before the surgery, both in subjective (1.71 vs. 3.61; p < 0.05) and objective (13.57 vs. 35.95; p < 0.05) evaluations. Three months after surgical intervention, an intensification of CS was observed in both the groups; however, no statistically significant differences were observed between the two sets of patients (VAS: 4.58 vs. 5.16; p = 0.38; gravimetry: 33.87 vs. 53.89; p = 0.12). Twelve months after TS, CS was higher in the group with an initial BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, both in subjective and objective evaluations (3.23 vs. 4.94; p = 0.03 and 18.08 vs. 80.21; p = 0.026, respectively).
Conclusion Patients with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 experience more severe CS after TS, both in subjective and objective evaluations.
The Impact of Surgical Patent Ductus Arteriosus Closure on Autonomic Function in Premature Infants
Authors: Metzler Marina , Govindan Vedavalli , Al-Shargabi Tareq , Nath Dilip , Krishnan Anita , Massaro An , Wang Yunfei , duPlessis Adre , Govindan R. , Andescavage Nickie 
Published: March 2017

Background Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a common complication of prematurity and a risk factor for poor outcome. Infants undergoing surgical PDA ligation are at highest risk for neurodevelopmental injury. Autonomic dysfunction has been described in premature infants with PDA.
Aim To interrogate the autonomic nervous system by analysis of advanced heart rate variability (HRV) metrics before and after surgical closure of the PDA.
Study Design Prospective, observational study.
Subjects Twenty-seven infants born before 28 weeks' gestation were included in this study.
Methods Continuous electrocardiogram data were sampled at a rate of 125 Hz for a total of 6 hours before and 6 hours after 30 hours of surgical closure. HRV was determined by detrended fluctuation analysis to calculate the short and long root mean square (RMSL and RMSS) and α components at two time scales (long and short).
Results Gestational age (GA) was positively associated with RMSL, RMSS, and αS and was negatively associated with αL. There was no difference between RMSs, RMSL, αS, or αL before and after surgery; however, median heart rate was lower after surgery (p < 0.01).
Conclusion Advancing GA is highly associated with increasing HRV; however, surgical ligation does not affect HRV in the postoperative period.
Stellenwert von Ocriplasmin bei der Therapie der vitreomakulären Traktion mit und ohne Makulaforamen – erste klinische Erfahrungen
Authors: Lenk J. , Matthé E. , Ventzke S. , Pillunat L. , Sandner D. 
Published: March 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Bei der vitreomakulären Traktion (VMT) besteht eine abnormal starke Adhärenz zwischen Netzhaut und Glaskörperkortex vorrangig um die Fovea. Es ist eine visusbedrohende Erkrankung mit den klinischen Symptomen Metamorphopsien und Visusreduktion. Seit 2013 ist Ocriplasmin (Jetrea®) zur intravitrealen Behandlung von vitreomakulären Traktionen und auch in Zusammenhang mit einem Makulaforamen (≤ 400 μm) in Deutschland zugelassen.
Material/Methoden Alle 23 Augen von 21 Patienten mit persistierender vitreomakulärer Traktion mit und ohne Makulaforamen (MF), die bisher an unserer Klinik mit Ocriplasmin intravitreal behandelt wurden, werteten wir retrospektiv aus. Vor und nach der Behandlung erfolgten die Bestimmung des bestkorrigierten Visus (BCVA), eine ophthalmoskopische Vorderabschnitts- und Fundusuntersuchung, sowie eine SD-OCT-Untersuchung. Als therapeutischer Erfolg wurde die komplette Lösung der VMT bzw. der Verschluss des MF gewertet.
Ergebnisse Eine komplette Lösung der VMT erfolgte bei 8 Augen (34,8 %), in 15 Augen (65,2 %) persistierte sie. Zwei der 4 MF waren nach der Behandlung verschlossen mit Normalisierung der anatomischen Strukturen der Netzhaut. Der Visus vor der Ocriplasmin-Injektion betrug im Mittel 0,39 ± 0,25 logMAR mit einem für die Gesamtgruppe leichten, jedoch nicht statistisch signifikanten Abfall auf 0,41 ± 0,24 logMAR (p = 0,613) nach 37,3 ± 22,9 Tagen. Die zentrale Netzhautdicke (CRT) betrug vor der Ocriplasmin-Injektion im Mittel 453,3 ± 172,7 µm mit einer leichten, jedoch für die Gesamtgruppe ebenfalls statistisch nicht signifikanten Abnahme auf 412,0 ± 212 µm (p = 0,124).
Schlussfolgerung Ocriplasmin stellt eine medikamentöse Behandlungsoption bei VMT mit und ohne Makulaforamen dar. Unsere Ergebnisse unterstützen eine kritische Indikationsstellung, da signifikante Zusammenhänge bez. einer Patientenselektion ausblieben. Tendenziell korrelierte der Misserfolg mit zipfeliger Adhärenz, höherem Patientenalter sowie ausbleibenden Chromatopsien.
Electron–hole asymmetry of the topological surface states in strained HgTe
Authors: Jost Andreas , Bendias Michel , Böttcher Jan , Hankiewicz Ewelina , Brüne Christoph , Buhmann Hartmut , Molenkamp Laurens W. , Maan Jan C. , Zeitler Uli , Hussey Nigel , Wiedmann Steffen 
Published: March 2017

Significance
Topological insulators possess metallic surfaces states that are generally perceived as electrons and holes with a linear symmetric dispersion around the Dirac point. In this work, we show that this symmetry is significantly distorted in the 3D topological insulator-strained HgTe. In thermopower experiments, we show a distinctively different behavior of surface electrons and holes that originates from a strongly asymmetric dispersion of surface states. Nonetheless, the surface states themselves remain topologically protected as evidenced by the observation of an ambipolar surface quantum Hall effect and quantum oscillations in the thermoelectric response. This observation shows that the physics of topological surface states in 3D topological insulators is far richer than previously envisaged.
Discovery of an endogenous Deltaretrovirus in the genome of long-fingered bats (Chiroptera: Miniopteridae)
Authors: Farkašová Helena , Hron Tomáš , Pačes Jan , Hulva Pavel , Benda Petr , Gifford Robert James , Elleder Daniel 
Published: March 2017

Significance
Retroviruses copy their RNA genome into complementary DNA, which is then inserted into the host chromosomal DNA as an obligatory part of their life cycle. Such integrated viral sequences, called proviruses, are passed to the infected cell progeny on cellular division. If germline cells are targeted, the proviruses become vertically inherited as other host genes and are called endogenous retroviruses. Deltaretroviruses, which include important human and veterinary pathogens (HTLV-1 and BLV), are the last retroviral genus for which endogenous forms were not known. We have identified a case of endogenous Deltaretrovirus, which entered the genome of long-fingered bat ancestors more than 20 million years ago. This finding opens the way for elucidating the deep evolutionary history of deltaretroviruses.
Subsidiarity: Restoring a Sacred Harmony
Authors: Kieffer John W. 
Published: March 2017

The principle of subsidiarity is a bastion of Catholic social teaching. It is also a principle in the philosophy of the American Founding Fathers. In the USA, subsidiarity is ignored without a sense of the proper harmony between authority and responsibility. Human dignity and wise stewardship are compromised. Conscience protection becomes a concerning issue as highlighted by the conflicts arising after passing of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. A reconnection of the patient to be steward of his health care is critical in addressing these issues. Third parties, including the government, business, and insurance companies, are firmly entrenched in health care oftentimes with the result being increased cost and detachment of the patient from the stewardship of his or her care. Vitally needed is a return to the principle of subsidiarity in health care. Hopeful solutions include the Zarephath Health Center, the Surgery Center of Oklahoma, and the clinic of Dr. Juliette Madrigal-Dersch. Summary The principle of subsidiarity is a bastion of Catholic social teaching. It is a principle in the philosophy of the American Founding Fathers. In the US, subsidiarity is ignored without a sense of the proper harmony between authority and responsibility. Human dignity, wise stewardship, and solidarity are compromised. A reconnection of the patient to personal stewardship of his health care is critical in addressing these issues. Third parties are firmly entrenched in health care oftentimes with the result being increased cost and detachment of the patient from his or her care. Vitally needed is a return to the principle of subsidiarity in health care.