bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LLLT Effects on Oral Keratinocytes in an Organotypic 3D Model
Authors: Basso Fernanda G. , Pansani Taisa N. , Soares Diana G. , Hebling Josimeri , de Souza Costa Carlos Alberto 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSeveral in vitro studies evaluated the cellular and molecular events related to interactions between phototherapy and target tissues, including oral keratinocytes and fibroblasts, providing elucidative data about phototherapy‐induced healing. However, these interactions were limited to the application of a bidimensional cell culture model of oral mucosal cells. Thus, thisstudy evaluated the use of an organotypic oral epithelium model to elucidate the morphological and phenotypic responses of cells subjected to low‐level laser therapy (LLLT). Oral keratinocytes were seeded in the ex vivo‐produced oral mucosal equivalent (EVPOME) model, with a porcine acellular dermal matrix. LLLT was applied by means of the LaserTABLE device (780 nm, 25 mW) at 0.5, 1.5 and 3 J cm−2. After three irradiations, morphology, proliferation and gene expression of growth factors were assessed. LLLT and control groups presented similar morphological features, characterized by the formation of a stratified, differentiated and keratinized epithelium. LLLT enhanced the cell proliferation and gene expression of keratinocytes (hKGF) as well as epidermal (hEGF) growth factors. In general, analysis of these data shows that the three‐dimensional cell culture model can be applied for phototherapy studies and that the positive effects of LLLT were confirmed by the use of an organotypic model.
A Closer Look at Dark Toxicity of the Photosensitizer TMPyP in Bacteria
Authors: Eckl Daniel B. , Dengler Linda , Nemmert Marina , Eichner Anja , Bäumler Wolfgang , Huber Harald 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPhotodynamic inactivation of bacteria (PIB) is based on photosensitizers which absorb light and generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), killing cells via oxidation. PIB is evaluated by comparing viability with and without irradiation, where reduction of viability in the presence of the photosensitizer without irradiation is considered as dark toxicity. This effect is controversially discussed for photosensitizers like TMPyP (5,10,15,20‐Tetrakis(1‐methyl‐4‐pyridinio)porphyrin tetra(p‐toluensulfonate). TMPyP shows a high absorption coefficient for blue light and a high yield of ROS production, especially singlet oxygen. Escherichia coli and Bacillus atrophaeus were incubated with TMPyP and irradiated with different light sources at low radiant exposures (μW per cm²), reflecting laboratory conditions of dark toxicity evaluation. Inactivation of E. coli occurs for blue light, while no effect was detectable for wavelengths >450 nm. Being more susceptible toward PIB, growth of B. atrophaeus is even reduced for light with emission >450 nm. Decreasing the light intensities to nW per cm² for B. atrophaeus, application of TMPyP still caused bacterial killing. Toxic effects of TMPyP disappeared after addition of histidine, quenching residual ROS. Our experiments demonstrate that the evaluation of dark toxicity of a powerful photosensitizer like TMPyP requires low light intensities and if necessary additional application of substances quenching any residual ROS.
Nasal high flow therapy and PtCO2 in stable COPD: A randomized controlled cross‐over trial
Authors: McKinstry Steven , Pilcher Janine , Bardsley George , Berry James , Van de Hei Susanne , Braithwaite Irene , Fingleton James , Weatherall Mark , Beasley Richard 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveHypercapnia is associated with worse clinical outcomes in exacerbations of COPD. The present study aimed to determine the effects of nasal high flow (NHF) therapy on transcutaneous partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PtCO2) in stable COPD patients.MethodsIn a single‐blind randomized controlled cross‐over trial, 48 participants with COPD were allocated in random order to all of four 20 min interventions: NHF at 15 L/min, 30 L/min and 45 L/min or breathing room air with each intervention followed by a washout period of 15 min. The primary outcome measure was PtCO2 at 20 min, adjusted for baseline PtCO2. Secondary outcomes included respiratory rate at 20 min, adjusted for baseline.ResultsThe mean (95% CI) change in PtCO2 at 20 min was −0.6 mm Hg (−1.1 to 0.0), P = 0.06; −1.3 mm Hg (−1.9 to 0.8), P < 0.001; and −2.4 mm Hg (−2.9 to −1.8), P < 0.001; for NHF at 15 L/min, 30 L/min and 45 L/min compared with room air, respectively. The mean (95% CI) change in respiratory rate at 20 min was −1.5 (−2.7 to −0.3), P = 0.02; −4.1 (−5.3 to −2.9), P < 0.001; and −4.3 (−5.5 to −3.1), P < 0.001; breaths per minute compared with room air, respectively.ConclusionNHF results in a small flow‐dependent reduction in PtCO2 and respiratory rate in patients with stable COPD.
Evolution of an early Eocene pull‐apart basin in the Central Pontides (Northern Turkey): New insights into the origin of the North Anatolian Shear Zone
Authors: Ottria Giuseppe , Pandolfi Luca , Catanzariti Rita , Da Prato Simone , Ellero Alessandro , Frassi Chiara , Göncüoğlu Mehmet Cemal , Marroni Michele , Ruffini Leonardo , Sayit Kaan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAlthough the North Anatolian Shear Zone is one of the main lithospheric‐scale strike‐slip deformation zone in the world, playing a prominent role in the complex geodynamic interaction among the Eurasian, Anatolian and Arabian plates, the onset time of its activity remains highly controversial. Here, we tackle this issue by utilizing nannofossil biostratigraphy on deposits from the Taşcilar basin, a pull‐apart basin that we have identified inside the North Anatolian Shear Zone overprinting the Intra‐Pontide suture zone. The syn‐tectonic sedimentary succession of the Taşcilar basin developed completely during the early Eocene (Ypresian; CNE4–CNE5 Zones). The strike‐slip faulting related to the initial onset of the North Anatolian Shear Zone can likely be constrained within the Ypresian, suggesting that the westward escape of the Anatolian plate along the North Anatolian Shear Zone started in the early Eocene.
The Stem Cell Club: a model for unrelated stem cell donor recruitment
Authors: Fingrut Warren , Parmar Simran , Cuperfain Ari , Rikhraj Kiran , Charman Erin , Ptak Emilie , Kahlon Manjot , Graham Alice , Luong Susan , Wang Yongjun (George) , Yu Janice , Arora Neha , Suppiah Roopa , Li Edward W. , Lee Anna , Welsh Christopher , Benzaquen Menachem , Thatcher Alicia , Baharmand Iman , Ladd Aedan , Petraszko Tanya , Allan David , Messner Hans 
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUNDPatients with blood, immune, or metabolic diseases may require a stem cell transplant as part of their treatment. However, 70% of patients do not have a suitable human leukocyte antigen match in their family, and need an unrelated donor. Individuals can register as potential donors at stem cell drives, where they provide consent and a tissue sample for human leukocyte antigen typing. The ideal donors are young, male, and from a diversity of ethnic backgrounds. However, in Canada, non‐Caucasian males ages 17 to 35 years represent only 8.8% of listed donors.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThe Stem Cell Club is a non‐profit organization founded in 2011 in Canada that aims to augment recruitment of the most needed donors. The initiative published a recruitment toolkit online (www.stemcellclub.ca). Currently, there are 12 chapters at universities across Canada.RESULTSTo date, the Stem Cell Club has recruited 6585 potential registrants, representing 1.63% of donors on Canada's donor‐database. Of the recruited registrants, 58.3% were male; 60.3% of males self‐reported as non‐Caucasian, and 78.5% were ages 17 to 25 years. From 2015 to 2016, the initiative recruited 13.7% of all ethnically diverse males ages 17 to 35 years listed in Canada's donor database. Data from this initiative demonstrate sustainability and performance on key indicators of stem cell drive quality.CONCLUSIONThe Stem Cell Club has developed a capacity to recruit 2600 donors annually, with the majority being males with a high degree of ethnic diversity. The initiative enhances the quality of Canada's unrelated donor‐database, improving the chances that patients in need of an unrelated donor will find a match for transplant. The Stem Cell Club is a model relevant to recruitment organizations around the world.
Depth Distribution and Assembly of Sulfate-Reducing Microbial Communities in Marine Sediments of Aarhus Bay
Authors: Jochum Lara M. , Chen Xihan , Lever Mark A. , Loy Alexander , Jørgensen Bo Barker , Schramm Andreas , Kjeldsen Kasper U. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

Most sulfate-reducing microorganisms (SRMs) present in subsurface marine sediments belong to uncultured groups only distantly related to known SRMs, and it remains unclear how changing geochemical zones and sediment depth influence their community structure. We mapped the community composition and abundance of SRMs by amplicon sequencing and quantifying the
dsrB
gene, which encodes dissimilatory sulfite reductase subunit beta, in sediment samples covering different vertical geochemical zones ranging from the surface sediment to the deep sulfate-depleted subsurface at four locations in Aarhus Bay, Denmark. SRMs were present in all geochemical zones, including sulfate-depleted methanogenic sediment. The biggest shift in SRM community composition and abundance occurred across the transition from bioturbated surface sediments to nonbioturbated sediments below, where redox fluctuations and the input of fresh organic matter due to macrofaunal activity are absent. SRM abundance correlated with sulfate reduction rates determined for the same sediments. Sulfate availability showed a weaker correlation with SRM abundances and no significant correlation with the composition of the SRM community. The overall SRM species diversity decreased with depth, yet we identified a subset of highly abundant community members that persists across all vertical geochemical zones of all stations. We conclude that subsurface SRM communities assemble by the persistence of members of the surface community and that the transition from the bioturbated surface sediment to the unmixed sediment below is a main site of assembly of the subsurface SRM community.

IMPORTANCE
Sulfate-reducing microorganisms (SRMs) are key players in the marine carbon and sulfur cycles, especially in coastal sediments, yet little is understood about the environmental factors controlling their depth distribution. Our results suggest that macrofaunal activity is a key driver of SRM abundance and community structure in marine sediments and that a small subset of SRM species of high relative abundance in the subsurface SRM community persists from the sulfate-rich surface sediment to sulfate-depleted methanogenic subsurface sediment. More generally, we conclude that SRM communities inhabiting the subsurface seabed assemble by the selective survival of members of the surface community.
A Lytic Providencia rettgeri Virus of Potential Therapeutic Value Is a Deep-Branching Member of the
T5virus
Genus
Authors: Oliveira Hugo , Pinto Graça , Hendrix Hanne , Noben Jean-Paul , Gawor Jan , Kropinski Andrew M. , Łobocka Małgorzata , Lavigne Rob , Azeredo Joana 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

Providencia rettgeri
is emerging as a new opportunistic pathogen with high antibiotic resistance. The need to find alternative methods to control antibiotic-resistant bacteria and the recent advances in phage therapy motivate the search for new phages able to infect
Providencia
spp. This study describes the isolation and characterization of an obligatory lytic phage, vB_PreS_PR1 (PR1), with therapeutic potential against drug-resistant
P. rettgeri
. PR1 is a siphovirus. Its virion DNA size (118,537 bp), transcriptional organization, terminal repeats (10,461 bp), and nicks in the 3′-to-5′ strand are similar to those of phage T5. However, sequence similarities of PR1 to phages of the
T5virus
genus at the DNA and protein levels are limited, suggesting that it belongs to a new species within the
Siphoviridae
family. PR1 exhibits the ability to kill
P. rettgeri
antibiotic-resistant strains, is highly specific to the species, and did not present known genomic markers indicating a temperate lifestyle. The lack of homologies between its proteins and proteins of the only other sequenced
Providencia
prophage, Redjac, suggests that these two phages evolved separately and may target different host proteins.

IMPORTANCE
The alarming increase in the number of bacteria resistant to antibiotics has been observed worldwide. This is particularly true for Gram-negative bacteria. For certain of their strains, no effective antibiotics are available.
Providencia
sp. has been a neglected pathogen but is emerging as a multidrug-resistant bacterium. This has revived interest in bacteriophages as alternative therapeutic agents against this bacterium. We describe the morphological, physiological, and genomic characterization of a novel lytic virus, PR1, which is able to kill drug-resistant
P. rettgeri
clinical isolates. Genomic and phylogenetic analyses indicate that PR1 is a distant relative of
T5virus
genus representatives. The lack of known virulence- or temperate lifestyle-associated genes in the genome of PR1 makes this phage a potential candidate for therapeutic use. Analysis of its genome also improves our knowledge of the ecology and diversity of T5-like siphoviruses, providing a new link for evolutionary studies of this phage group.
Concomitant Loss of the Glyoxalase System and Glycolysis Makes the Uncultured Pathogen “Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus” an Energy Scavenger
Authors: Jain Mukesh , Munoz-Bodnar Alejandra , Gabriel Dean W. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

Methylglyoxal (MG) is a cytotoxic, nonenzymatic by-product of glycolysis that readily glycates proteins and DNA, resulting in carbonyl stress. Glyoxalase I and II (GloA and GloB) sequentially convert MG into
d
-lactic acid using glutathione (GSH) as a cofactor. The glyoxalase system is essential for the mitigation of MG-induced carbonyl stress, preventing subsequent cell death, and recycling GSH for maintenance of cellular redox poise. All pathogenic liberibacters identified to date are uncultured, including “
Candidatus
Liberibacter asiaticus,” a psyllid endosymbiont and causal agent of the severely damaging citrus disease “huanglongbing.”
In silico
analysis revealed the absence of
gloA
in “
Ca
. Liberibacter asiaticus” and all other pathogenic liberibacters. Both
gloA
and
gloB
are present in
Liberibacter crescens
, the only liberibacter that has been cultured.
L. crescens
GloA was functional in a heterologous host. Marker interruption of
gloA
in
L. crescens
appeared to be lethal. Key glycolytic enzymes were either missing or significantly downregulated in “
Ca
. Liberibacter asiaticus” compared to (cultured)
L. crescens
. Marker interruption of
sut
, a sucrose transporter gene in
L. crescens
, decreased its ability to take up exogenously supplied sucrose in culture. “
Ca
. Liberibacter asiaticus” lacks a homologous sugar transporter but has a functional ATP/ADP translocase, enabling it to thrive both in psyllids and in the sugar-rich citrus phloem by (i) avoiding sucrose uptake, (ii) avoiding MG generation via glycolysis, and (iii) directly importing ATP from the host cell. MG detoxification enzymes appear to be predictive of “
Candidatus
” status for many uncultured pathogenic and environmental bacteria.

IMPORTANCE
Discovered more than 100 years ago, the glyoxalase system is thought to be present across all domains of life and fundamental to cellular growth and viability. The glyoxalase system protects against carbonyl stress caused by methylglyoxal (MG), a highly reactive, mutagenic and cytotoxic compound that is nonenzymatically formed as a by-product of glycolysis. The uncultured alphaproteobacterium “
Ca
. Liberibacter asiaticus” is a well-adapted endosymbiont of the Asian citrus psyllid, which transmits the severely damaging citrus disease “huanglongbing.” “
Ca
. Liberibacter asiaticus” lacks a functional glyoxalase pathway. We report here that the bacterium is able to thrive both in psyllids and in the sugar-rich citrus phloem by (i) avoiding sucrose uptake, (ii) avoiding (significant) MG generation via glycolysis, and (iii) directly importing ATP from the host cell. We hypothesize that failure to culture “
Ca
. Liberibacter asiaticus” is at least partly due to its dependence on host cells for both ATP and MG detoxification.
Disentangling age–gender interactions associated with risks of fatal and non-fatal road traffic injuries in the Sultanate of Oman
Authors: Al-Aamri Amira K , Padmadas Sabu S , Zhang Li-Chun , Al-Maniri Abdullah A 
Published: September 2017

ObjectiveRoad traffic injuries (RTIs) are the leading cause of disability-adjusted life years lost in Oman, Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates. Injury prevention strategies often overlook the interaction of individual and behavioural risk factors in assessing the severity of RTI outcomes. We conducted a systematic investigation of the underlying interactive effects of age and gender on the severity of fatal and non-fatal RTI outcomes in the Sultanate of Oman.MethodsWe used the Royal Oman Police national database of road traffic crashes for the period 2010–2014. Our study was based on 35 785 registered incidents: of these, 10.2% fatal injuries, 6.2% serious, 27.3% moderate, 37.3% mild injuries and 19% only vehicle damage but no human injuries. We applied a generalised ordered logit regression to estimate the effect of age and gender on RTI severity, controlling for risk behaviours, personal characteristics, vehicle, road, traffic, environment conditions and geographical location.ResultsThe most dominant group at risk of all types of RTIs was young male drivers. The probability of severe incapacitating injuries was the highest for drivers aged 25–29 (26.6%) years, whereas the probability of fatal injuries was the highest for those aged 20–24 (26.9%) years. Analysis of three-way interactions of age, gender and causes of crash show that overspeeding was the primary cause of different types of RTIs. In particular, the probability of fatal injuries among male drivers attributed to overspeeding ranged from 3%–6% for those aged 35 years and above to 13.4% and 17.7% for those aged 25–29 years and 20–24 years, respectively.ConclusionsThe high burden of severe and fatal RTIs in Oman was primarily attributed to overspeed driving behaviour of young male drivers in the 20–29 years age range. Our findings highlight the critical need for designing early gender-sensitive road safety interventions targeting young male and female drivers.
Publication of interventional phase 3 and 4 clinical trials in radiation oncology: an observational study
Authors: Pérez-Alija Jaime , Gallego Pedro , Linares Isabel , Ambroa Eva , Pedro Agustí 
Published: September 2017

ObjectivesClinical trials produce the best data available for decision-making in modern evidence-based medicine. We aimed to determine the rate of non-publication of interventional phase 3 and 4 clinical trials involving patients with cancer undergoing radiotherapy.SettingThe ClinicalTrials.gov database was searched for interventional phase 3 and 4 trials in radiotherapy with a primary completion date before 1 January 2013. We determined how many of these registry entries have not published the compulsory deposition of their results in the database and performed a systematic search for published studies in peer-reviewed journals.ResultsOf 576 trials, 484 (84.0%) did not deposit a summary result in the registry. In addition, 44.9% of them did not publish their results in a peer-reviewed journal. Similar percentages were found for most cancer subtypes: brain (41%), breast (38%), cervical (66%), colorectal (38%), lung (48%), prostate (45%), bladder (56%), head and neck (56%) and lymphoma (33%).ConclusionOur results show that most trials in radiation oncology did not report the results in the registry. Almost half of these trials have not been published in the biomedical literature. This means that a large number of study participants were exposed to the risks of trial participation without the supposed benefits that sharing and publishing of results would offer to future generations of patients.
Urine cytology screening of French workers exposed to occupational urinary tract carcinogens: a prospective cohort study over a 20-year period
Authors: Dutheil Frederic , Rouanet Lucile , Mulliez Aurélien , Naughton Geraldine , Fontana Luc , Druet-Cabanac Michel , Moustafa Farès , Chamoux Alain 
Published: September 2017

ObjectivesTo demonstrate that urine cytology screening can provide relevant epidemiological data for earlier detection of urothelial cancer caused by occupational exposure.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingIndustries using urothelial carcinogens in France. Urine samples were collected on site, after a work week and were analysed at the University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, France.ParticipantsParticipants were workers exposed to urothelial carcinogens. Women and current smokers at time of study recruitment were exclusion criteria.OutcomesUrine cells atypia were ranged into three classes: negative/normal, atypical/suspicious/dysplasia or positive/malignant.ResultsWe included 2020 workers over a period of 20 years from 1993 to 2013: 606 worked in rubber manufacturing, 692 from metal processing, 245 in chemical industry and 477 in roadwork and building industry. Workers had a mean exposure of 15.2±10.4 years before their first urine cytology screening. There was a mean of 3.4±4.3 urine cytology screenings per worker between 1993 and 2013. 6478 cytology were normal, 462 suspicious and 13 malignant. Suspicious and malignant cytology occurred in 4.8% of workers exposed for 1–10 years, 6.2% for 11–20 years of exposure, 7.6% for 21–30 years and 8.6% for >30 years (p<0.001). Using exposure for 1–10 years as reference, the adjusted OR of receiving a suspicious or malignant diagnosis increased with duration of exposure: OR=1.50 (95% CI 1.10 to 2.05, p=0.01) for 21–30 years and OR=1.78 (95% CI 1.23 to 2.56, p=0.002) for >30 years of exposure. Using metal processing as reference, the risk of pathological urine cytology results increased for rubber manufacturing (OR=1.32, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.65, p=0.02), with a trend for roadwork and building industry (OR=1.39, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.97, p=0.07) and for chemical industry (OR=1.34, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.93, p=0.11).ConclusionsUrine cytology is a useful tool in occupational medicine. We promote new guidelines with an early screening of urothelial cancer by cytology, starting with beginning of exposure.