bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tissue Dynamics
Authors: Yu Jack C. , Cai Lei , Wang Tien-Hsiang , Berdel Henrik O. , Lee Jung-Hoon , Lam Poh-Sang , Hershman John , Baban Babak 
Published: January 2016

Introduction

Why are cranial sutures the way they are? How do cancers grow? Merging physics and mathematics with biology, we develop equations describing these complex adaptive systems, to which all biological entities belong, calling them laws of tissue dynamics:

see full text for equations

Where t is time, E is energy, M is body mass, X is the biological characteristic of interest, C is a constant, a is an exponent.

(1) is based on conservation of matter: for any given tissue, materials in must equal to materials out +/− assimilated or degraded. (2) is based on energy conservation. All living systems require energy, without which life becomes impossible. Equation (2) is a power spectrum.

Objectives
This study aimed to introduce the laws of tissue dynamics and to illustrate them using observations from craniofacial and cancer growth.

Methods
We use cranial sutures as a model system to test Equation (1), we also measure the in vitro growth rate of normal murine liver and spleen cells, comparing them to B16F10 melanoma cells. We show the increase in compound growth rate and energetic requirement of malignant versus normal cells as partial proof of Equation (2).

Results
The constant width and wavy form of cranial sutures are the inevitable results of repeated iteration from coupling of growth and stress. The compound growth rate of B10F16 melanoma cells exceeds that of normal cells by 1.0 to 1.5%, whereas their glucose uptake is equal to 3.6 billion glucose molecules/cell per minute.

Summary
Living things are complex adaptive systems, thus a different way of thinking and investigating, going beyond the current reductive approach, is required.
Mechanisms of Fat Graft Survival
Authors: Pu Lee L.Q. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Although more fat grafting procedures have been performed by plastic surgeons with the primary goal to restore soft tissue loss, the actual mechanism on how fat graft survives remains less completely understood. An established old theory on fat graft survival is still based on the cell survival theory proposed by Peer in the early 1950s. On the basis of his preliminary experimental study, he proposed that the mechanism of fat graft survival is based on established early blood circulation through anastomosis of the fat graft and host blood vessels. Recently, several investigators have demonstrated new concepts of the fat graft survival: One further advanced the old Peer cell survival theory and another based on new discovery and understanding of adipose-derived stem cells. This article serves as a scientific review on how fat graft survives after in vivo transplantation based on a number of well-conducted experimental studies. Both the graft survival and graft replacement theories on how fat graft survives are true based on the previously mentioned well-conducted experimental studies. Each theory may play a role in fat graft survival. It is possible that graft survival may be more dominant in some patients but the graft replacement may be more dominant in other patients.
Clinical Patterns of Melanoma in Asians
Authors: Chan Karen Kar-Wun , Chan Richie Chiu-Lung , Ho Ronnie Siu-Lun , Chan Jimmy Yu-Wai 
Published: January 2016

Background
Malignant melanoma is a relatively common malignancy in the West, but has a significantly lower incidence in Asians. Stark contrast in clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis has been observed between the 2 populations, yet data are limited. Here, we evaluate 106 Asian patients from a tertiary referral center in Hong Kong during an 11-year period. The purpose of this study was to collectively review all types of melanomas to analyze the clinicopathological characteristics of this poorly understood condition in an Asian population.

Methods
A total of 106 patients diagnosed with malignant melanoma from 2002 to 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. Demographics, clinical presentations, pathological subtypes, treatments, and survival outcomes were evaluated.

Results
Cutaneous melanomas dominated with 46 (43.4%) cases, followed by mucosal (39.6%), ocular (9.4%), and melanomas of unknown primary (7.5%); 43.3% patients presented in stage I, 36.7% in stage II, 18.9% in stage III, and 1.1% in stage IV. Acral lentiginous melanoma was the commonest subtype of cutaneous melanomas (60.9%). When types of melanomas were reviewed collectively, the median overall survival, disease-specific survival, and recurrence-free survival were 37, 45, and 48 months, respectively. Cutaneous melanoma had the best median overall survival of 59 months, followed by ocular melanoma (58 months), mucosal melanoma (18 months), and melanoma of unknown primary (2 months). Similar patterns were observed for disease-specific survival and recurrence-free survival.

Conclusions
Melanoma among Asians remains poorly understood. There is a clear distinction in the clinical patterns between Asians and whites and the difference is not solely accounted for by the lower incidence of cutaneous melanoma. Certain subtypes, such as mucosal melanoma and is acral lentiginous melanoma, seemed to have disproportionately high incidences. Further studies are warranted to elucidate these observations. The poor survival outcomes reflected the need for better awareness and understanding of the condition by both the general public and the physicians.
Proposal for a Standard Format for Neurophysiology Data Recording and Exchange
Authors: Stead Matt , Halford Jonathan J. 
Published: January 2016

Summary:
The lack of interoperability between information networks is a significant source of cost in health care. Standardized data formats decrease health care cost, improve quality of care, and facilitate biomedical research. There is no common standard digital format for storing clinical neurophysiologic data. This review proposes a new standard file format for neurophysiology data (the bulk of which is video-electroencephalographic data), entitled the Multiscale Electrophysiology Format, version 3 (MEF3), which is designed to address many of the shortcomings of existing formats. MEF3 provides functionality that addresses many of the limitations of current formats. The proposed improvements include (1) hierarchical file structure with improved organization; (2) greater extensibility for big data applications requiring a large number of channels, signal types, and parallel processing; (3) efficient and flexible lossy or lossless data compression; (4) industry standard multilayered data encryption and time obfuscation that permits sharing of human data without the need for deidentification procedures; (5) resistance to file corruption; (6) facilitation of online and offline review and analysis; and (7) provision of full open source documentation. At this time, there is no other neurophysiology format that supports all of these features. MEF3 is currently gaining industry and academic community support. The authors propose the use of the MEF3 as a standard format for neurophysiology recording and data exchange. Collaboration between industry, professional organizations, research communities, and independent standards organizations is needed to move the project forward.
Cognitive Event-Related Potentials in Patients With Adenoid Hypertrophy: A Case–Control Pilot Study
Authors: N. Thabit Mohamed , Elnady Hassan M. , S. Badawy Badawy , Mahmoud Hamza A. 
Published: January 2016

Purpose:
Children with adenoid hypertrophy commonly have sleep-disordered breathing. Sleep-disordered breathing is associated with various neurocognitive problems. The aim of this study was to assess the cognitive function in those patients using cognitive event-related potentials.

Methods:
Twenty-three patients with moderate to severe adenoid hypertrophy were compared with 20 healthy controls. The intelligence quotient was performed for all study participants. The latencies of the N200, P300 peaks and the amplitudes of the N200/P300 components of event-related potentials were recorded. The above variables were measured at baseline for both patients and control groups and 2 months after adenoidectomy for the patient group.

Results:
There was no significant difference between patients and controls regarding full intelligence quotient scales. P300 latency was significantly prolonged in patient group compared with the healthy controls. Moreover, postoperative P300 latency was significantly reduced compared with the preoperative P300 latency. Postoperative P300 latency was not statistically different from healthy controls' data.

Conclusions:
P300 latency delay may reflect some sort of cognitive impairment in patients with adenoid hypertrophy. This delay was reversible after adenoidectomy. Event-related potentials may help for assessment of cognitive functions in patients with adenoid hypertrophy.
Two Japanese siblings affected with Chikungunya fever with different clinical courses: Imported infections from the Cook Islands
Authors: Kondo Makoto , Akachi Shigehiro , Ando Katsuhiko , Nomura Tatsuma , Yamanaka Keiichi , Mizutani Hitoshi 
Published: January 2016

AbstractTwo Japanese siblings visited the Cook Islands on business and stayed for 2 months. The sister developed a high fever, arthralgia, erythema and leg edema on the day after returning to Japan. The brother also developed neck and joint pain on the day following the sister's onset. Subsequently, his erythematous lesions spread over his whole body. Chikungunya virus was detected from the sister's blood and urine by specific reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, but not in the brother's samples. Retrospectively, his history of Chikungunya fever was confirmed by the presence of the anti‐Chikungunya virus immunoglobulin (Ig)M and IgG antibodies using the specific enzyme‐linked immunoassay. In Japan, no autochthonous case of Chikungunya fever was reported previously. We should give attention to the imported infectious diseases for epidemic prevention. This report warns about the danger of the imported infectious diseases, and also suggests that covering the topic of infectious disease in the world is critical to doctors as well as travelers.
Recurrent neutrophilic dermatosis of the face: A report of two cases and review of the published work
Authors: Maki Tomoko , Yanaba Koichi , Ishiuji Yozo , Umezawa Yoshinori , Asahina Akihiko , Nakagawa Hidemi 
Published: January 2016

AbstractRecurrent neutrophilic dermatosis of the face is a disease that is morphologically and histopathologically compatible with Sweet's syndrome, but is distributed on the face without fever, laboratory abnormalities or associated disorders. At present, it is unclear whether our cases belong to the chronic and mild variant of Sweet's syndrome or are independent entities. Here, we present two cases of recurrent neutrophilic dermatosis of the face with good response to systemic corticosteroids or potassium iodine, as well as those of cases reported in the published work.
Even therapeutic antimicrobial use in animal husbandry may generate environmental hazards to human health
Authors: Cabello Felipe C. , Godfrey Henry P. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryThe potential negative impact for human health of veterinary use of antimicrobials in prophylaxis, metaphylaxis and growth promotion in animal husbandry was first established in the 1960s and 1970s. Determination of the molecular structure of antimicrobial resistance plasmids at that time explained the ability of antimicrobial resistance genes to disseminate among bacterial populations and elucidated the reasons for the negative effects of antimicrobials used in food animals for human health. In this issue of Environmental Microbiology, Liu et al. (2016) show that even therapeutic use of antimicrobials in dairy calves has an appreciable environmental microbiological footprint. We discuss the negative implications of this footprint for human health and the possibility they may lead to calls for increased regulation of veterinary antimicrobial use in terrestrial and aquatic environments.
Time‐dependent Expression of MMP‐2 and TIMP‐2 after Rats Skeletal Muscle Contusion and Their Application to Determine Wound Age
Authors: Yu Tian‐shui , Li Zhuang , Zhao Rui , Zhang Yan , Zhang Zhen‐hua , Guan Da‐wei 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe ability to determine vitality and estimate the survival period after a wound is critical in routine forensic practice. The mRNA levels of MMP‐2 and TIMP‐2 were examined using quantitative real‐time RT‐PCR to determine the age of a wound. Furthermore, the colocalization of them with Macrophage Marker, respectively, was detected by double immunofluorescence, and a standardized rat model of skeletal muscle contusion was established. In the antemortem contused groups, a large number of macrophages showed positive staining for MMP‐2 and TIMP‐2, and the expression of MMP‐2 and TIMP‐2 mRNA increased sharply at 3 days postinjury, with relative quantities of 5.75 and 2.98. No samples in the other groups showed relative quantities of >5.75 and 2.98; therefore, relative quantities exceeding 5.75 and 2.98 were strongly indicated 3 days after contusion. In addition, there was a significant decrease in the relative quantity in the postmortem contused groups, indicating that they were useful for diagnosing vitality.
Screening Test for Shed Skin Cells by Measuring the Ratio of Human DNA to Staphylococcus epidermidisDNA
Authors: Nakanishi Hiroaki , Ohmori Takeshi , Hara Masaaki , Takahashi Shirushi , Kurosu Akira , Takada Aya , Saito Kazuyuki 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA novel screening method for shed skin cells by detecting Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis), which is a resident bacterium on skin, was developed. Staphylococcus epidermidis was detected using real‐time PCR. Staphylococcus epidermidis was detected in all 20 human skin surface samples. Although not present in blood and urine samples, S. epidermidis was detected in 6 of 20 saliva samples, and 5 of 18 semen samples. The ratio of human DNA to S. epidermidisDNA was significantly smaller in human skin surface samples than in saliva and semen samples in which S. epidermidis was detected. Therefore, although skin cells could not be identified by detecting only S. epidermidis, they could be distinguished by measuring the S. epidermidis to human DNA ratio. This method could be applied to casework touch samples, which suggests that it is useful for screening whether skin cells and human DNA are present on potential evidentiary touch samples.
Enhancement of Nutraceutical Bioavailability using Excipient Nanoemulsions: Role of Lipid Digestion Products on Bioaccessibility of Carotenoids and Phenolics from Mangoes
Authors: Liu Xuan , Bi Jinfeng , Xiao Hang , McClements David Julian 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe ability of excipient nanoemulsions to increase the bioaccessibility of different kinds of nutraceuticals (phenolics and carotenoids) in mangoes was studied. Oil‐in‐water excipient nanoemulsions containing small digestible lipid nanoparticles (d < 200 nm) were prepared using different oil phases: medium chain triglycerides (MCT) and long‐chain triglycerides (LCT). These nanoemulsions were then mixed with pureed mango and passed through a simulated gastrointestinal tract (GIT): mouth, stomach, and small intestine. Carotenoid bioaccessibility decreased in the following order: LCT nanoemulsions > MCT nanoemulsions > buffer solution, which was attributed to differences in the solubilization capacity of the mixed micelles generated in the intestinal fluids. The digestion products of LCT formed mixed micelles with hydrophobic domains large enough to accommodate the carotenoids, whereas those of MCT did not. Excipient emulsions had much less effect on phenolic bioaccessibility, which may be because phenolics are smaller more polar molecules and are therefore more easily solubilized in aqueous intestinal fluids. These results highlight the potential of excipient nanoemulsions in boosting the bioavailability of lipophilic bioactive agents in fruits and vegetables.
Preparation and Characterization of Nanocomposites from Whey Protein Concentrate Activated with Lycopene
Authors: Pereira Rafaela Corrêa , de Deus Souza Carneiro João , Borges Soraia Vilela , Assis Odílio Benedito Garrido , Alvarenga Gabriela Lara 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe production and characterization of nanocomposites based on whey protein concentrate (WPC) and montmorilonite (MMT) incorporated with lycopene as a functional substance is presented and discussed as an alternative biomaterial for potential uses in foodstuff applications. A full factorial design with varying levels of MMT (0% and 2% in w/w) and lycopene (0%, 6%, and 12% in w/w) was used. Color, light transmission, film transparency, moisture, density, solubility, water vapor permeability, and antioxidant activity of the resulting materials were evaluated. Results indicated that lycopene and MMT nanoparticles were successfully included in WPC films using the casting/evaporation method. Inclusion of 2% w/w of MMT in the polymeric matrix significantly improved barrier property against water vapor. Lycopene, besides its good red coloring ability, provided to the films antioxidant activity and UV‐vis light protection. These findings open a new perspective for the use of materials for bioactive packaging applications.
An ecological model organism flies into the genomics era
Authors: Santure Anna W. 
Published: January 2016

Despite the very rapid ‘genomicization’ of the field of Molecular Ecology in recent years, there have been relatively few annotated whole‐genome assemblies of nonmodel organisms published. Instead, molecular ecologists have more frequently utilized next‐generation sequencing technologies to develop genome‐wide markers or to generate transcriptome data. Whole‐genome assemblies are more expensive and require considerable computational resources and bioinformatic expertise. However, the availability of an annotated genome offers exciting opportunities to address fundamental questions in ecology and evolution that are difficult to address with moderate sets of markers or by transcriptome sequencing. Such questions include elucidating the roles of natural and sexual selection in shaping diversity, determining the roles of regulatory and protein‐coding change in the evolution of traits, and determining the genomic architecture of sex‐specific trait variation. Arguably, these questions are most tractable – and most interesting – in well‐characterized species for which there is already some knowledge of natural and sexual selection, and of the traits that are most likely to link to fitness. In this issue, Mueller et al. () present the assembly and annotation of the genome of the blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus), a model ecological species. In addition, by sequencing the transcriptome of male and female blue tits, the authors identify and annotate sex‐biased gene expression and conclude that noncoding RNA genes are likely to play a significant role in sex‐biased expression. By making their assembly and annotation publically available and accessible via a genome browser, Mueller et al. () offer exciting possibilities for further research into the genomic basis of adaptation, and investigation of the roles of natural and sexual selection, in this well‐studied ecological model species.
Rapid versus non‐rapid cycling bipolar II depression: response to venlafaxine and lithium and hypomanic risk
Authors: Lorenzo‐Luaces L. , Amsterdam J. D. , Soeller I. , DeRubeis R. J. 
Published: January 2016

ObjectiveTo examine the safety and effectiveness of antidepressant versus mood stabilizer monotherapy in rapid versus non‐rapid cycling bipolar II disorder.MethodSubjects ≥18 years old with bipolar II depression (n = 129) were randomized to double‐blind venlafaxine or lithium carbonate monotherapy for 12 weeks. Responders (n = 59) received continuation monotherapy for six additional months.ResultsRapid cycling did not affect frequency of response or change over time in depressive symptoms. Rapid cycling status did not affect frequency of depressive relapse or sustained treatment response. Rapid cyclers were more likely to experience hypomanic symptoms (P = 0.005) during continuation monotherapy; however, rates were similar in venlafaxine (17.6%) and lithium (42.9%) (P = 0.31).ConclusionRapid cycling status may not be associated with an increased risk of diminished response or greater depressive relapse during venlafaxine, relative to lithium monotherapy, in bipolar II subjects. Additional randomized studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Periodontal treatment and glycaemic control in patients with diabetes and periodontitis: an umbrella review
Authors: Botero JE , Rodríguez C , Agudelo‐Suarez AA 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundStudies suggest that non‐surgical periodontal treatment improves glycaemic control in patients with diabetes and periodontitis. The aim of this umbrella review is to summarize the effects of periodontal treatment on glycaemic control in patients with periodontitis and diabetes.MethodsA systematic review of systematic reviews with or without meta‐analysis published between 1995 and 2015 was performed. Three independent reviewers assessed for article selection, quality and data extraction.ResultsThirteen (13) systematic reviews/meta‐analysis were included for qualitative synthesis. A reduction (0.23 to 1.03 percentage points) in the levels of HbA1c at 3 months after periodontal intervention was found. This reduction was statistically significant in 10/12 meta‐analysis. One review with sufficiently large samples found a non‐significant reduction (−0.014 percentage points; 95% CI −0.18 to 0.16; p = 0.87). Only three studies separated the use of adjunctive antibiotics and found a reduction of 0.36 percentage points but the difference was not statistically significant.ConclusionsHighly heterogeneous short‐term studies with small sample size suggest that periodontal treatment could help improve glycaemic control at 3 months in patients with type 2 diabetes and periodontitis. However, longer term studies having sufficient sample size do not provide evidence that periodontal therapy improves glycaemic control in these patients.
Application of Controlled Shear Stresses on the Erythrocyte Membrane as a New Approach to Promote Molecule Encapsulation
Authors: Casagrande Giustina , Arienti Flavio , Mazzocchi Arabella , Taverna Francesca , Ravagnani Fernando , Costantino MariaLaura 
Published: January 2016

AbstractHuman red blood cells (RBCs) have a remarkable capacity to undergo reversible membrane swelling. Resealed erythrocytes have been proposed as carriers and bioreactors to be used in the treatment of various diseases. This work is aimed at developing a setup allowing the encapsulation of test molecules into erythrocytes by inducing reversible pore formation on the RBC membrane through the application of controlled mechanical shear stresses. The designed setup consists of two reservoirs connected by a glass capillary. Each reservoir is connected to a compressor; during the tests, the reservoirs were in turn pressurized to promote erythrocyte flow through the capillary. The setup was filled with a suspension of erythrocytes, phosphate buffer, and FITC–dextran. Dextran was chosen as the diffusive molecule to check membrane pore dimensions. Samples of the suspension were withdrawn at scheduled times while the setup was operating. Flow cytometry and stereo‐optical microscopy analyses were used to evaluate the erythrocyte dextran uptake. The setup was shown to be safe, well controlled, and adjustable. The outcomes of the experimental tests showed significant dextran uptake by RBCs up to 8%. Microscopy observations highlighted the formation of echinocytes in the analyzed samples. Erythrocytes from different donors showed different reactions to mechanical stresses. The experimental outcomes proved the possibility to encapsulate test molecules into erythrocytes by applying controlled mechanical shear stresses on the RBC membrane, encouraging further studies.