bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biohydrogen Production from Mushroom Cultivation Waste by Anaerobic Solid‐state Fermentation
Authors: Lin Chiu‐Yue , Lay Chyi‐How , Chen Chin‐Chao , Sen Biswarup , Sung I‐Yuan 
Published: December 2015

AbstractMushroom cultivation waste (MCW) is a polypropylene bag stuffed with wood flour and nutrients for growing mushroom, which is a feasible feedstock for anaerobic biohydrogen production owing to its abundant availability, high organic and nutrient content. This study optimized the seed inoculum from various waste sludges (sewage sludge, cow dung and pig slurry), nutrient addition and operation conditions (moisture content and MCW powder particle size) for maximal biohydrogen production by solid‐state fermentation (SSF). SSF batch test was operated at a MCW 3 g total volatile solid (TVS)/L, temperature 55 °C and rotation speed of 15 rpm with a vertical rotative shaker. The peak hydrogen production performance of hydrogen production rate (HPR) 9.50 mol H2/kg‐d and hydrogen yield (HY) 0.29 mmol H2/g TVS) are obtained using sewage sludge 2 seed inoculum, nutrients addition, moisture content 70 % and particle size of 1.190∼0.590 mm. The results show that the MCW has the potential for hydrogen production by anaerobic mixed microflora using solid‐state fermentation. The bioenergy of 1842 kWh while using SSF to conver MCW to produce biohydrogen and it could reduce CO2 emission of 114–178 kg per year comparing using fossil fuel such as coal, fuel oil and natural gas.
The Dirac Electron: From Quantum Chemistry to Holistic Cosmology
Authors: Maruani Jean 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe Dirac equation, which was derived by combining the relativistic invariance condition with the quantum probability principle, showed its fecundity by explaining the half‐integer spin of fermions and by predicting antiparticles. In previous papers, we conjectured that the spinning motion of the electron was that of a massless charge moving at light velocity, this internal motion being responsible for the electron rest mass involved in external motions and interactions. Implications of this concept on basic properties such as time, mass, electric charge, and magnetic moment were investigated. The present paper is a recollection of these ideas aimed at their possible impact on quantum chemistry and holistic cosmology.
Structural Features of Certain p‐substituted Phenyl 2‐nitrovinyl Sulfones
Authors: Zvezdova Dilyana , Stoeva Stoyanka , Aleksiev Dimitar 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe structure of p‐substituted phenyl 2‐nitrovinyl sulfones was studied through different spectral methods. It has been found that the nucleophilic substitution reactions of sodium phenylsulfinates with 1‐chloro‐2‐nitroethene occur stereospecifically. The formation of E‐isomers of this type of substituted phenyl vinyl sulfones was confirmed by FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. It was suggested that the E‐isomers formation was determined by the more stable conformation of the carbanionic intermediate as a result of intramolecular rotation around single Cα‐Cβ bond. This appears to be the product‐determining pathway during the interaction of sodium phenyl sulfinates with the highly activated substrate 1‐chloro‐2‐nitroethene.
Phenotypic variability and heritability of the cephalic region ofCaiman latirostris
Authors: Imhoff Carolina , Giri Federico , Siroski Pablo , Amavet Patricia 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTThe study of the cephalic shape of crocodilian is relevant in the fields of ecology, systematics, evolution, and conservation. Therefore, the integration of geometric analysis within quantitative genetics allows the evaluation of the inheritable shape components. In this study, the dorsal cephalic region of 210 Caiman latirostris hatchlings was analyzed from seven populations in Santa Fe, Argentina, to detect intra‐, and inter‐population phenotypic variability, and to determine the heritability of biological shape and size, using newly available geometric morphometric tools. The principal component analysis showed two configurations of cephalic shape that could be related to sexual dimorphism. In the canonical variate analysis, Procrustes distances between groups indicated that there are differences in shape among populations. Furthermore, the method of partial least squares indicated a covariation between cephalic shape and environmental variables. Regarding to CS of the skull we found significant differences among populations, moreover the partial least squares was also significant. Estimates of the heritability of shape and size were high, indicating that the components of these features are susceptible to the selection. J. Morphol. 277:370–378, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluation of liver stiffness with magnetic resonance elastography in patients with constrictive pericarditis: Preliminary findings
Authors: Fenstad Eric R. , Dzyubak Bogdan , Oh Jae K. , Williamson Eric E. , F. Glockner James , Young Phillip M. , Anavekar Nandan S. , Leise Michael D. , Ehman Richard L. , Araoz Philip A. , Venkatesh Sudhakar K. 
Published: December 2015

PurposeTo evaluate with magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) whether patients with constrictive pericarditis (CP) have increased hepatic stiffness. CP results in reduced pericardial compliance, ventricular interdependence, and right heart failure. Patients with untreated CP may develop liver fibrosis and ultimately cirrhosis due to chronic venous congestion. Chronic venous congestion ± fibrosis may lead to increased liver stiffness.Materials and MethodsProspectively, patients with suspected CP underwent 2D transthoracic echocardiography, cardiac MRI, and liver MRE. An automated method was used to draw regions of interest (ROIs) on the stiffness maps to calculate the mean liver stiffness in kilopascals (kPa). A t‐test with α = 0.05 was performed between stiffness values of patients with positive and negative CP findings based on previously published echocardiography criteria.ResultsNineteen patients met inclusion criteria with a mean ± standard deviation (SD) age of 51 ± 16 years. Nine patients (47%) had CP. Mean liver stiffness trended higher in patients with CP compared to those without CP (4.04 kPa vs. 2.46; P = 0.045). Liver stiffness correlated with MRI septal bounce (P = 0.04), inferior vena cava size (P = 0.003), echo abnormal septal motion (P = 0.04), and echo mitral inflow variation >25% (P = 0.02). Only MRI septal bounce predicted CP by echocardiography (P < 0.001).ConclusionCP was associated with increased liver stiffness. The increased stiffness is most likely secondary to chronic hepatic venous congestion and/or fibrosis. MRE may be useful for noninvasive liver stiffness assessment in CP. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:81–88.
Azo Polymer Microspheres with Photo‐Manipulated Surface and Topographic Structure
Authors: Zhou Xinran , Du Yi , Wang Xiaogong 
Published: December 2015

A methacrylate‐based copolymer containing side‐chain push–pull azo chromophores and adamantyl groups is synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR, DSC, thermal gravimetric analysis, gel permeation chromatography, and UV–vis. By exploiting its good solubility in a water‐immiscible solvent (dichloromethane), azo polymer microspheres are fabricated through the solution dispersion method. Surface relief structures are inscribed on the microsphere surfaces upon exposure to the interference pattern of laser beams at 532 nm. Meanwhile, the shape of the microspheres is stable upon the light irradiation, which is distinct from the submicron‐scale colloidal spheres of azo polymers. By using camphene as a porogen, microspheres with the well‐developed porous structures are prepared. For the first time, it is observed that pores on the azo polymer microspheres can be modified or even selectively closed upon irradiation with a linearly polarized laser beam.
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Linking a genome‐wide association study signal to a LRRK2 coding variant in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Foo Jia Nee , Chung Sun Ju , Tan Louis C. , Liany Herty , Ryu Ho‐Sung , Hong Myunghee , Koh Tat Hung , Irwan Ishak D. , Au Wing‐Lok , Prakash Kumar‐M. , Aung Tin , Cheng Ching‐Yu , Chong Siow‐Ann , Khor Chiea Chuen , Lee Jimmy , Tai E‐Shyong , Vithana Eranga N. , Wong Tien‐Yin , Song Kyuyoung , Liu Jianjun , Tan Eng‐King 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundGenome‐wide association studies have identified several loci associated with Parkinson's disease (PD). Whole‐exome sequencing detects rare coding variants, but their links with PD genome‐wide association study loci are unknown. Our objective was to investigate whether nonsynonymous variants in LRRK2 can explain associations at the PD‐associated locus tagged by rs1994090.MethodsWe sequenced all coding exons of LRRK2 in 453 East Asian samples and evaluated linkage disequilibrium between each nonsynonymous variant and rs1994090. We then tested selected variants and haplotypes for association with PD in 13,581 East Asian samples.ResultsOf all the nonsynonymous variants, only p.Gly2385Arg was in moderate linkage disequilibrium with rs1994090 and was observed on haplotypes tagged by the rs1994090‐C risk allele. Conditional analyses showed that associations at these 2 variants are not independent.ConclusionsLRRK2 p.Gly2385Arg can explain most if not all of the PD association at rs1994090 in East Asians, but other nonsynonymous variants are independent. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
A MUSCL smoothed particles hydrodynamics for compressible multi‐material flows
Authors: Hu Xiaoyan , Jiang Song , Wang Ruili 
Published: December 2015

By incorporating the Monotone Upwind Scheme of Conservation Law (MUSCL) scheme into the smoothed particles hydrodynamics (SPH) method and making use of an interparticle contact algorithm, we present a MUSCL–SPH scheme of second order for multifluid computations, which extends the Riemann‐solved‐based SPH method. The numerical tests demonstrate high accuracy and resolution of the scheme for both shocks, contact discontinuities, and rarefaction waves in the one‐dimensional shock tube problem. For the two‐dimensional cylindrical Noh and shock‐bubble interaction problems, the MUSCL–SPH scheme can resolve shocks well. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stabilized nodal‐based finite element methods for the magnetic induction problem
Authors: Kaya Utku , Wacker Benjamin , Lube Gert 
Published: December 2015

We consider the time‐dependent magnetic induction model as a step towards the resistive magnetohydrodynamics model in incompressible media. Conforming nodal‐based finite element approximations of the induction model with inf‐sup stable finite elements for the magnetic field and the magnetic pseudo‐pressure are investigated. Based on a residual‐based stabilization technique proposed by Badia and Codina, SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 50 (2012), pp. 398–417, we consider a stabilized nodal‐based finite element method for the numerical solution. Error estimates are given for the semi‐discrete model in space. Finally, we present some examples, for example, for the magnetic flux expulsion problem, Shercliff's test case and singular solutions of the Maxwell problem. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Feasibility and repeatability of localized 31P‐MRS four‐angle saturation transfer (FAST) of the human gastrocnemius muscle using a surface coil at 7 T
Authors: Tušek Jelenc Marjeta , Chmelík Marek , Bogner Wolfgang , Krššák Martin , Trattnig Siegfried , Valkovič Ladislav 
Published: December 2015

Phosphorus (31P) MRS, combined with saturation transfer (ST), provides non‐invasive insight into muscle energy metabolism. However, even at 7 T, the standard ST method with T1app measured by inversion recovery takes about 10 min, making it impractical for dynamic examinations. An alternative method, i.e. four‐angle saturation transfer (FAST), can shorten the examination time. The aim of this study was to test the feasibility, repeatability, and possible time resolution of the localized FAST technique measurement on an ultra‐high‐field MR system, to accelerate the measurement of both Pi‐to‐ATP and PCr‐to‐ATP reaction rates in the human gastrocnemius muscle and to test the feasibility of using the FAST method for dynamic measurements.We measured the exchange rates and metabolic fluxes in the gastrocnemius muscle of eight healthy subjects at 7 T with the depth‐resolved surface coil MRS (DRESS)‐localized FAST method. For comparison, a standard ST localized method was also used. The measurement time for the localized FAST experiment was 3.5 min compared with the 10 min for the standard localized ST experiment. In addition, in five healthy volunteers, Pi‐to‐ATP and PCr‐to‐ATP metabolic fluxes were measured in the gastrocnemius muscle at rest and during plantar flexion by the DRESS‐localized FAST method.The repeatability of PCr‐to‐ATP and Pi‐to‐ATP exchange rate constants, determined by the slab‐selective localized FAST method at 7 T, is high, as the coefficients of variation remained below 20%, and the results of the exchange rates measured with the FAST method are comparable to those measured with standard ST.During physical activity, the PCr‐to‐ATP metabolic flux decreased (from FCK = 8.21 ± 1.15 mM s−1 to FCK = 3.86 ± 1.38 mM s−1) and the Pi‐to‐ATP flux increased (from FATP = 0.43 ± 0.14 mM s−1 to FATP = 0.74 ± 0.13 mM s−1).In conclusion, we could demonstrate that measurements in the gastrocnemius muscle are feasible at rest and are short enough to be used during exercise with the DRESS‐localized FAST method at 7 T. © 2015 The Authors. NMR in Biomedicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Commentary: Modernism,Jews, andFrazer
Authors: Silverman Eric K. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe outstanding papers in this collection raise important points for not only a fuller understanding of the contemporary Pacific, but also for issues of identity and belonging much further afield. Specifically, I propose that we can approach these papers from aJewish Studies perspective gazing uponMelanesia, but also from aMelanesianist perspective surveying the broad field ofJewish Studies. For in many respects, the case studies ask us to rethink conventional boundaries.Melanesians, I argue, draw variously onIsraelite,Israeli,Biblical, andJewish themes, all refracted throughChristianity, to re‐centre themselves in a global history so they are both valid and validated. But in so doing, we must ask ourselves, IfMelanesians lay claim toJewish affinities, broadly construed, what do these claims pose forJewish identities as well as the very concept of identity in terms of notions of diaspora and centre? Indeed, ifMelanesians areJews, then how do we define not onlyJudaism but alsoMelanesia? My goal, then, is not so much to focus on the chapters as to use the chapters to probe fundamental questions about self and society in a globalised, mutable world.
Pediatric registries at the Food and Drug Administration: design aspects that increase their likelihood of success
Authors: Winiecki Scott K. , Tejero‐Taldo M. Isabel , Avant Debbie , Murphy Dianne , McMahon Ann W. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractPurposeTo determine aspects of the design of pediatric registries that contribute to the success of registries conducted as a postmarketing study following approval of drugs or biological products by the US Food and Drug Administration.MethodsPediatric registries for drugs and biological products were identified by searching the US Food and Drug Administration Postmarketing Requirements and Commitments database. Based on the recruitment of patients, the meeting of predetermined deadlines, and the submission of data, we classified studies as successful, unsuccessful, or unevaluable. Design aspects of successful and unsuccessful registries were examined for commonalities.ResultsThirty‐eight studies were identified, and ten registries met the criteria for successful. Four (40%) successful registries utilized a registry established prior to product approval, and six (60%) were disease‐based. Among unsuccessful registries, none were disease‐based or utilized a pre‐existing registry.ConclusionsCharacteristics identified as more common to successful registries included utilizing a disease‐based registry and a registry established prior to product approval. Future studies might examine a larger sample of registries to see if these aspects consistently result in successful studies. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Dewetting behavior of Langmuir−Blodgett films of polystyrene‐b‐poly(methyl methacrylate) induced by solvent vapor annealing
Authors: Wu Tao , Wen Gangyao , Huang Changchun 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTIn order to explore the degree of contact between hydrophilic blocks and the substrate, the dewetting behavior of Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) films of polystyrene‐block‐poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS‐b‐PMMA) induced by PMMA‐selective acetone vapor were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) for the first time. With the annealing of acetone vapor, the LB films of PS‐b‐PMMA undergo the swelling and coalescing of aggregates, the formation of bicontinuous patterns, the formation of droplets, and the periodic increase and decrease of droplets. The emergence of the bicontinuous patterns indicates that the dewetting occurs via the spinodal dewetting mechanism. The periodic droplet evolution is a novel phenomenon observed for the first time and quite different from the single droplet evolution of spin‐coated films, which is probably due to the degree of contact between PMMA blocks and the substrate in the LB films being larger than that in the latter. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 825–830
Shock to Initiation Characters of Heated Explosives with Different Confinement
Authors: Wang Chen , Chen Lang , Wu Jun‐Ying , Liu Qun , Hu Xiao‐Mian 
Published: December 2015

AbstractHeated explosives might undergo thermal expansion and/or phase transition, which affects their shock sensitivity. Therefore, investigating the effect of temperature on the shock initiation properties of explosives would provide valuable safety guidelines for their transportation and handling. In this study, an experimental detonation device that achieved homogeneous heating of the explosive test sample while avoiding unintended heat transfer to the donor was designed and constructed. The device allowed to perform flyer impact tests on PBXC10 at different temperatures and using different confinement conditions. The generated experimental pressure history curves were used to calculate the parameters of the I&G model and determine their relationships with the sample temperature. The fully parameterized I&G model enabled predicting the shock initiation properties of PBXC10 at temperatures where experimental data were unavailable. It was concluded that increased sample temperatures would lead to a shorter run distance to detonation, faster propagation of the detonation wave and enhanced shock sensitivity of the explosive. It was also demonstrated that unconfined PBXC10 exhibited significantly greater shock sensitivity compared to its partially and completely confined counterparts.
Crystal structures of MBP fusion proteins
Authors: Waugh David S. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAlthough chaperone‐assisted protein crystallization remains a comparatively rare undertaking, the number of crystal structures of polypeptides fused to maltose‐binding protein (MBP) that have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) has grown dramatically during the past decade. Altogether, 102 fusion protein structures were detected by Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) analysis. Collectively, these structures comprise a range of sizes, space groups, and resolutions that are typical of the PDB as a whole. While most of these MBP fusion proteins were equipped with short inter‐domain linkers to increase their rigidity, fusion proteins with long linkers have also been crystallized. In some cases, surface entropy reduction mutations in MBP appear to have facilitated the formation of crystals. A comparison of the structures of fused and unfused proteins, where both are available, reveals that MBP‐mediated structural distortions are very rare.
Location‐based distributed caching for device‐to‐device communications underlaying cellular networks
Authors: Zhang Aiqing , Wang Lei , Zhou Liang 
Published: December 2015

AbstractDevice‐to‐device (D2D) communications have been viewed as a promising data offloading solution in cellular networks because of the explosive growth of multimedia applications. Because of the nature of distributed device location, distributed caching becomes an important function of D2D communications. By taking advantage of the caching capacity of the device, in this work, we explore the device storage and file frequent reuse to realize distributed content dissemination, that is, storing contents in mobile devices (named helpers). Specifically, we first investigate the average and lower bound of helper amount by dividing the network into small areas where the nodes are within each other's communication radius. Then, optimal helper amount is derived based on average helper amount and network topology. Subsequently, a location‐based distributed helper selection scheme for distributed caching is proposed based on the given optimal helper amount. In particular, nodes are selected as helpers according to their locations and degrees, and contents are placed in the manner for maximizing total user utility. Extensive simulation results demonstrate the factors that affect the optimal helper amount and the total user utility. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coordination Architectures of Lanthanum Complexes Based on Bifunctional 5‐Substituted Tetrazolecarboxylate Ligands
Authors: Shen Lei , Min Yu‐Ting , Wang Jing , Xu Yue , Chen Hong‐Jian , Yang Jie , Zhang Xi , Wu Mu‐Lan , Yang Gao‐Wen , Wei Bo 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThree complexes of bifunctional 5‐substituted tetrazolatecarboxylate ligands [2‐(5‐(pyrazin‐2‐yl)‐2H‐tetrazol‐2‐yl)acetic acid (Hpztza), 3‐(5‐amino‐2H‐tetrazol‐1(5H)‐yl)propanoic acid (Hatzp), and N,N′‐bis(tetrazol‐5‐yl)anime‐N2,N2′‐diacetic acid (H2datza)], namely a mononuclear structure [La(pztza)2(H2O)5]·4H2O·pztza (1), a 1D polymeric chain structure [La2(atzp)4(H2O)8]·2NO3·2H2O (2), and a 2D layer network [La(datza)(H2O)3]·4H2O (3) were prepared and structurally characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The structures of these complexes are controlled not only by the number and different coordination modes of the tetrazole‐carboxylate ligands but also the different 5‐substituents of the tetrazole ring. The complexes show ligand‐centered luminescence at room temperature in the solid state. The obvious enhancements in luminescence make these complexes to be the potential materials for optical use.
How to walk on statistical mandalas as a population ecologist
Authors: Toquenaga Yukihiko 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWe population ecologists who are believed to be good at dealing with statistics often get confused about what kinds of statistical methods we should apply to our nuisance data. There are a couple of conflicting paradigms and many associated methods in statistics. Classical frequentists’ approaches that have dominated in science have been severely criticized by the newcomers: Bayesian and evidential statistics. But, both newcomers also have weak points. Researchers devoted to different statistical approaches are seeking soft landing places where they can compromise each other. Key aspects of statistical inference are discriminating model selection and parameter estimation. Likelihood and Fisher information play important roles in both processes. As an overview of the compromise processes, here I will introduce three contributing papers by M. L. Taper, J. M. Ponciano, R. M. Dorazio, and K. Yamamura for the special feature entitled “Bayesian, Fisherian, error, and evidential statistical approaches for population ecology.” This special feature is based on a symposium held in Tsukuba, Japan, on 11 October 2014