bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management and outcomes of patients with recurrent neuroendocrine liver metastasis after curative surgery: An international multi‐institutional analysis
Authors: Spolverato Gaya , Bagante Fabio , Aldrighetti Luca , Poultsides George A. , Bauer Todd W. , Fields Ryan C. , Maithel Shishir Kumar , Marques Hugo P. , Weiss Matthew , Pawlik Timothy M. 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveWe sought to characterize the treatment, as well as define the long‐term outcomes, of patients with recurrent neuroendocrine liver metastasis (NELM).MethodsBetween 1990 and 2014, 322 patients undergoing curative intent liver surgery for NELM were identified from a multi‐institutional database. Recurrences were classified as intrahepatic, extrahepatic, and both intra‐ and extra‐hepatic.ResultsOverall, median, 1‐, 5‐, 10‐year DFS were 3.1 years, 75.5%, 40.4%, and 32.1%, respectively. After curative intent liver surgery, 209 patients (64.9%) recurred within a median follow‐up of 4.5 years, while 113 (35.1%) patients were alive without disease with a follow‐up time ≥3 years. The site of recurrence was intrahepatic only (n = 111, 65.7%), extrahepatic only (n = 19, 11.2%), or intra‐ and extra‐hepatic (n = 39, 23.1%). Compared with intrahepatic only recurrence, extrahepatic only, and combined intra‐ and extra‐hepatic recurrence were associated with a worse long‐term outcome (10‐year OS: intrahepatic only, 42.5%, 95%CI, 24.9‐59.0 vs extrahepatic only, 0% and combined intra‐ and extra‐hepatic, 21.5%, 95%CI, 5.3‐44.0) (P < 0.001). Most patients were treated with repeat surgery (n = 49, 36.6%), while 34 (23.5%) patients received a somatostatin analogue, 27 (18.6%) systemic cytotoxic chemotherapy, and 27 (21.4%) patients had intra‐arterial therapy. Ten‐year OS among patients who underwent repeat surgery or intra‐arterial treatments was 60.3% (95%CI, 34.1‐78.8) and 52.0% (95%CI, 30.6‐69.9), respectively. Patients who received somatostatin analogues (45.9% 95%CI, 22.3‐66.9) or systemic chemotherapy (0%) had a shorter long‐term survival (P = 0.001).ConclusionRecurrence after surgery for NELM occurred among half of patients. Repeat liver resection for recurrence may offer a reasonable 5‐year survival benefit.
The genetic landscape of programmed death ligand‐1 (PD‐L1) alterations in head and neck cancer
Authors: Heineman Thomas E. , Widman Adam , Kuan Edward C. , St John Maie 
Published: May 2017

ObjectivesNivolumab has recently been shown in the phase III clinical trial CheckMate‐141 to have superior survival rates compared to the current standard of care chemotherapy for recurrent or metastatic platinum‐resistant head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Nivolumab targets the immune inhibitory receptor programmed cell death 1 (PD‐1). Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) genomics have been poorly characterized in the context of HNSCC, including expression levels of PD‐L1 in individual tumors as well as related up or down‐regulated genes that might function as co‐targets.Study DesignData mining of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)Methods530 patients with HNSCC were pulled from the TCGA using cBioPortal. Primary tumor site data was available in 279 of the samples (52.6%), of which oral cavity was the most common site (61.6%) followed by larynx (25.8%). Other PD‐1‐sensitive tumors were analyzed to compare PD‐L1 expression in HNSCC relative to other tumors including bladder, renal cell carcinoma, melanoma, and lung carcinomas.ResultsA significant fraction of HNSCC tumors have genetic alterations in PD‐L1 (6.2%). HNSCC has the highest PD‐L1 expression of all of the tumor types examined, with a median 60‐fold increase. Several important genes were identified in this study including Caspase 7, ZFYVE9, and Plg‐R(KT) that have a strong relationship with alterations in PD‐L1.ConclusionIn light of the role of PD‐1 and PD‐L1 as key immunotherapy targets in HNSCC, several potential co‐targets identified in this study warrant further investigation. Further, while the number of genetic alterations were small in head and neck carcinomas, alterations in PD‐L1 expression were highly significant.Level of EvidenceNA
Modeling the strong coupling between microstrip and complementary split ring resonator transmission lines on a PCB
Authors: Irfan Irfanullah , Nariyal Sanjay , Schuette David , Khattak Shahid , Braaten Benjamin D. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAnalytical expressions for the near‐end voltages are derived from the unit‐cell of strong‐coupled transmission lines (TLs) and validated with simulations and measurements. The two TLs investigated here are the microstrip TL and a complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) loaded TL on a printed circuit board. This work is then used to develop spacing guidelines and investigate new methods (beyond weakly‐coupled TLs) to reduce the coupling for designers that may use CSRR loaded TLs in very close proximity of other microstrip TLs.
Miniaturized triple‐band and ultra‐wideband (UWB) fractal antennas for UWB applications
Authors: Naqvi Syed Aftab 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMiniaturized microstrip patch antennas based on fractal geometry operating at triple bands and a single wideband in ultra‐wideband (UWB) (3.1–10.6 GHz) frequency range are proposed here. Three iterations of a circular radiating patch and the high relative permittivity of the substrate are used to radiate the proposed antenna at 3.9, 6.25, and 9.0 GHz in UWB. Size reduction is compared with previously reported triple band antennas. The bandwidth of the designed antenna is enhanced and triple bands of the designed antenna are merged into a single wide band, from 3.65 to 10 GHz, by normalizing the parameters of the radiating circular fractal structure for the UWB applications. Comparison between antennas for the UWB applications in literature and proposed antenna is presented.
DESIGN of a 3‐DB directional coupler based on groove gap waveguide technology
Authors: Zarifi D. , Shater A. R. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn this letter, a groove gap waveguide (GGW) based 3‐dB directional coupler is proposed. The designed component is composed of three parts: GGW structure, extra matching pins and GGW to standard SMA transition. The designed quadrature 3‐dB coupler is optimized to work in the Ku‐band covering 13–15 GHz. Measured results show that over 14.3% bandwidth, 20 dB isolation and 1.2 VSWR is achieved. The main advantage of GGW‐based components is that it does not require good electrical contact among different metallic parts of the structure which considerably simplifies the manufacturing processes and hence reduces cost especially for millimeter‐waves applications.
Miniaturized high‐band UWB array antenna
Authors: Iwai Fumiya , Yoshitomi Kuniaki , Kanaya Haruichi 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHigh‐band ultra‐wide band (UWB) miniaturized array antenna with coplanar wave guide (CPW) feed line is presented. Antenna element is composed of monopole antenna with truncated ground plane. Both antenna layer and ground pattern are placed on the top of the substrate. It is suitable for the miniaturized wireless devices such as three dimensional integrations or stacking of the multilayer. To obtain the wide band and flat gain characteristic, rectangular notches are inserted on the antenna layer, and optimized the current flow and antenna impedance. For array antenna, by changing the length of the CPW feed line, the antenna gain is suitable in the wide band which is 7–10.4 GHz (−3 dB bandwidth). The total antenna size of the two array antenna is 16 mm × 11.5 mm × 0.418 mm. Simulated gain is 3.8 dB.
Inkjet‐printed 3D Hilbert‐curve fractal antennas for VHF band
Authors: Memon Muhammad Usman , Tentzeris Manos M. , Lim Sungjoon 
Published: May 2017

AbstractTwo miniaturized wire antennas using a 3D space‐filling Hilbert‐curve (HC) fractal geometry were constructed on a Kodak photo paper using inkjet printing. The proposed antennas each had the 3D dimensions of an 8 cm3 box and operate at very high‐frequency band frequencies of 238 and 147 MHz. We wrapped 4‐ and 2‐mm‐thick planar wires around a 3D box made of photo paper using second‐ and third‐order HC space‐filling fractal designs. The electrical volumes of the proposed second‐order HC and third‐order HC fractal antennas were 0.004 λ0 × 0.004 λ0 × 0.004 λ0 and 0.002 λ0 × 0.002 λ0 × 0.002 λ0, respectively. The operation of the proposed antennas was verified using simulation and measurement results.
Design of a compact MIMO antenna with pattern diversity for WLAN application
Authors: Fang Han‐Sheng , Wu Cheng‐Yu , Sun Jwo‐Shiun , Huang Jung‐Tang 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna consists of two printed inverted‐F antennas whose interelement distance is 7 mm. The isolation of the MIMO antenna is improved since the ground plane is modified to achieve a pattern diversity effect. The measurement results, such as impedance bandwidth, mutual coupling coefficient, radiation pattern were identified as having good performance. The MIMO antenna is further evaluated with an evaluation criterion that includes correlation coefficient and diversity gain, and results indicate successful isolation and diversity performance. All of the results demonstrate that the proposed MIMO antenna is compatible with wireless communication products.
Design of 77 GHz half‐shorted horn antenna with metamaterial lens
Authors: Huang Bin , Li Ling‐yun , Sun Hao , Sun Yun , Tong Rui 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn this article, we present new two‐layer and light‐weighted grid wire metamaterial lens implemented on the aperture of conical horn antenna to manufacture a small‐sized and high‐performance antenna applied in 77 GHz radar system. It could shorten half‐length of horn antenna without deteriorating its gain, broadband, and matching performance. The metamaterial lens is made by thin copper sheet whose thickness is only 0.1 mm. The measured results show that the metamaterial lens enhances the gain about 3.4 dB (@77 GHz) than short ordinary antenna with the same physical dimension, which equals to double its length. The high‐performance and small‐sized bulk make it suitable for 77 GHz radar system.
Verification of dose profiles generated by the convolution algorithm of the gamma knife® radiosurgery planning system
Authors: Chung Hyun‐Tai , Park Jeong‐Hoon , Chun Kook Jin 
Published: May 2017

PurposeA convolution algorithm that takes into account electron‐density inhomogeneity was recently introduced to calculate dose distributions for the Gamma Knife (GK) Perfexion™ treatment planning program. The accuracies of the dose distributions computed using the convolution method were assessed using an anthropomorphic phantom and film dosimetry.MethodsAbsorbed‐dose distributions inside a phantom (CIRS Radiosurgery Head Phantom, Model 605) were calculated using the convolution method of the GK treatment‐planning software (Leksell Gamma Plan® version 10.1; LGP) for various combinations of collimator size, location, direction of calculation plane, and number of shots. Computed tomography (CT) images of the phantom and a data set of CT number versus electron density were provided to the LGP. Calculated distributions were exported as digital‐image communications in medicine—radiation therapy (DICOM‐RT) files. Three types of radiochromic film (GafChromic® MD‐V2‐55, MD‐V3, and EBT2) were irradiated inside the phantom using GK Perfexion™. Scanned images of the measured films were processed following standard radiochromic film‐handling procedures. For a two‐dimensional quantitative evaluation, gamma index pass rates (GIPRs) and normalized agreement‐test indices (NATIs) were obtained. Image handling and index calculations were performed using a commercial software package (DoseLab Pro version 6.80).ResultsThe film‐dose calibration data were well fitted with third‐order polynomials (R2 ≥ 0.9993). The mean GIPR and NATI of the 93 analyzed films were 99.3 ± 1.1% and 0.8 ± 1.3, respectively, using 3%/1.0 mm criteria. The calculated maximum doses were 4.3 ± 1.7% higher than the measured values for the 4 mm single shots and 1.8 ± 0.7% greater than those for the 8 mm single shots, whereas differences of only 0.3 ± 0.9% were observed for the 16 mm single shots. The accuracy of the calculated distribution was not statistically related to the collimator size, number of shots, or centrality of location (P > 0.05, independent‐sample t‐test). The plans in the axial planes exhibited poorer agreement with the measured distributions than the plans in the coronal or sagittal planes; however, their GIPR values (≥ 96.9%) were clinically acceptable. The plans for an arbitrary virtual target of volume 1.6 cm3 at an axial plane close to the top of the phantom showed the worst agreement and the greatest fluctuation (GIPR = 96.9 ± 1.2%, NATI = 3.9 ± 1.7).ConclusionsThe measured accuracies of the dose distributions calculated by the convolution algorithm of the LGP were within the clinically acceptable range (GIPR ≥ 96.9%) for various configurations of collimator size, location, direction of calculation plane, and number of shots. Due to the intrinsic asymmetry in the dose distribution along the z‐axis, the treatment plan should also be verified in coronal or sagittal plane.
Conducting hydrogels based on semi‐interpenetrating networks of polyaniline in poly(acrylamide‐co‐itaconic acid) matrix: synthesis and characterization
Authors: Taşdelen Betül 
Published: May 2017

In this work, acrylamide/itaconic acid copolymeric hydrogels are prepared by free radical polymerization initiated by redox initiators of potassium persulfate and N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethyl ethylene diamine; N,N′methylene bisacrylamide was employed as a crosslinking agent. Aniline monomer was absorbed in the network of poly(acrylamide‐co‐itaconic acid) P(AAm‐co‐IA) hydrogel and followed by gamma radiation induced polymerization at room temperature. The novel semi‐interpenetrating network was comprised of linear polyaniline immersed in P(AAm‐co‐IA) matrix. Electrical conductivity of the hydrogels was measured using four‐probe technique. The conductivities for the prepared hydrogels are found to increase from 5.5 × 10−7 S cm−1 for P(AAm‐co‐IA) alone to 4.4 × 10−3 S cm−1 for semi‐interpenetrating polymer network P(AAm‐co‐IA)/polyaniline. Thus, a new composite hydrogel with good conductive properties also displaying enhanced mechanical strength and pH sensitivity was prepared. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and characterizations of hemiditactic homopolymers derived of poly(3‐allyl‐3‐methylmalic acid): An example of a new class of polymer's ditacticity
Authors: Belibel Rima , Barbaud Christel 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTA number of works have been focused on the study of polymers microtacticity and the probability of iso‐, syndio‐, and atactic arrangement of monomers such as polypropylene and poly(methacrylic esters) before the 1980s. This type of study was fewer in the last four decades despite the importance of stereochemical knowledge of macromolecules in the biomedical field. NMR analysis was the invaluable tool for the study of stereochemistry. This work detailed the synthesis and the physicochemical and microtacticity characterizations of new semicrystalline and amorphous polyesters, poly(3‐allyl‐3‐methylmalic acid) (PAlMMLA) derivatives which are part of the poly(malic acid) family. This polymer is biodegradable and biocompatible. It can also be chemically modified for a possible combination with bioactive molecules. It can be synthesized from chiral product leading a stereoregular and semicrystalline structure. In the case of a racemic starting product, the obtained macromolecular structure is amorphous. Semi‐crystalline polyester presented a highly diisotactic structure. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 2408–2418
Critical Criterion for the Shock Initiation/Ignition of Cylindrical Charges with Thin Aluminum Shell Impacted by Steel Fragment
Authors: Xu Yuxing , Gao Peng , Wang Shushan 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe shock initiation/ignition of Cylindrical Charges Covered with thin Aluminium Shell (CCCAS) by steel fragment impact was experimentally and theoretically investigated. The critical specific kinetic energy criterion and threshold for the shock reaction of CCCAS were obtained. During the experiments, the response characteristics of CCCAS by steel fragment impact were studied. Then the surface microstructures of explosives were examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM). According to the experimental phenomena and existing theories, a calculation model for critical criterion for the shock reaction of CCCAS was developed by dimensional analysis. Based on the calculation model and numerous tests of cylindrical charges covered with 3 mm aluminium shell under the impact of steel fragments with the mass from 1.0 g to 2.0 g, the critical specific kinetic energy threshold for the shock initiation of CCCAS was obtained.
Clinical outcomes of infertility treatment for women with adenomyosis in Japan
Authors: Tamura Hiroshi , Kishi Hiroshi , Kitade Mari , Asai‐Sato Mikiko , Tanaka Atsushi , Murakami Takashi , Minegishi Takashi , Sugino Norihiro 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimA multicenter, retrospective survey was conducted in order to investigate the current clinical status of adenomyosis in Japan.MethodsThe questionnaires covered the management of infertile women with adenomyosis and the outcomes of infertility treatment in women with adenomyosis. The questionnaires were sent to 1149 facilities in Japan.ResultsThe data were obtained on 535 infertile women with adenomyosis from 190 facilities. Regarding management, infertility treatment was performed without pretreatment for adenomyosis in 37 facilities, after medication in eight facilities, and after an operation in four facilities. Management policies were not established in 106 facilities. Regarding outcomes, the pregnancy rate was 41.7% and the abortion rate was 29.8%. Eighty‐five patients received medication and 89 patients underwent surgery as a pretreatment before infertility treatment, while 361 patients had no pretreatment. In relation to the type of adenomyosis, 162 patients had the focal type and 336 patients had the diffuse type. The pregnancy rate and abortion rate were not affected by pretreatment or the type of adenomyosis.ConclusionThe management policy for infertile women with adenomyosis has not been established. The pregnancy rate of infertility treatment is about 40%. There were no data to suggest that medication or surgery as a pretreatment for adenomyosis increased the pregnancy rate in infertile women.
United States agricultural stakeholder views and decisions on climate change
Authors: Chatrchyan Allison M. , Erlebacher Rachel C. , Chaopricha Nina T. , Chan Joana , Tobin Daniel , Allred Shorna B. 
Published: May 2017

Climate change poses unprecedented challenges to agricultural production globally and in the United States; it is both vulnerable to the impacts of a changing climate and a contributor to greenhouse gas emissions. Because farmers need to quickly adapt to reduce their risks and emissions, there is a pressing need to better understand the process by which they make decisions. This complex decision‐making process includes many factors, such as farmers’ beliefs; knowledge and capacity to make changes; the information they receive from Extension, industry, and social networks (e.g., family and peers); economics and regulations; and farm‐scale and environmental issues (including personal experience with extreme weather). This study assesses the published literature on U.S. agricultural stakeholder views and decisions on climate change, focusing on farmers and ranchers from different regions. We identify key themes that emerge from the literature on how stakeholder views about extreme weather and climate change relate to decisions about adaptation and mitigation practices. This review finds that although the majority of U.S. farmers believe the climate is changing, many remain skeptical of the issue and uncertain about the anthropogenic causes of climate change. Farmers’ climate change mitigation and adaptation decisions also vary widely and are often correlated with belief or other factors such as personal experience with extreme weather, costs of change, or fear of regulation. We conclude with the implications of the research, including the importance of understanding farmers’ view and actions and issue framing, and implications for researchers, Extension and policy makers, both nationally and globally. WIREs Clim Change 2017, 8:e469. doi: 10.1002/wcc.469This article is categorized under:

Perceptions, Behavior, and Communication of Climate Change > Perceptions of Climate Change
Mouth development
Authors: Chen Justin , Jacox Laura A. , Saldanha Francesca , Sive Hazel 
Published: May 2017

A mouth is present in all animals, and comprises an opening from the outside into the oral cavity and the beginnings of the digestive tract to allow eating. This review focuses on the earliest steps in mouth formation. In the first half, we conclude that the mouth arose once during evolution. In all animals, the mouth forms from ectoderm and endoderm. A direct association of oral ectoderm and digestive endoderm is present even in triploblastic animals, and in chordates, this region is known as the extreme anterior domain (EAD). Further support for a single origin of the mouth is a conserved set of genes that form a ‘mouth gene program’ including foxA and otx2. In the second half of this review, we discuss steps involved in vertebrate mouth formation, using the frog Xenopus as a model. The vertebrate mouth derives from oral ectoderm from the anterior neural ridge, pharyngeal endoderm and cranial neural crest (NC). Vertebrates form a mouth by breaking through the body covering in a precise sequence including specification of EAD ectoderm and endoderm as well as NC, formation of a ‘pre‐mouth array,’ basement membrane dissolution, stomodeum formation, and buccopharyngeal membrane perforation. In Xenopus, the EAD is also a craniofacial organizer that guides NC, while reciprocally, the NC signals to the EAD to elicit its morphogenesis into a pre‐mouth array. Human mouth anomalies are prevalent and are affected by genetic and environmental factors, with understanding guided in part by use of animal models. WIREs Dev Biol 2017, 6:e275. doi: 10.1002/wdev.275This article is categorized under:

Early Embryonic Development > Development to the Basic Body Plan
Birth Defects > Craniofacial and Nervous System Anomalies
Comparative Development and Evolution > Body Plan Evolution