bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between body mass index and urinary tract infections: A cross‐sectional investigation of the PERSIAN Guilan cohort study
Authors: Taramian Sonbol , Joukar Farahnaz , Maroufizadeh Saman , Hassanipour Soheil , Sheida Fateme , Mansour‐Ghanaei Fariborz 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionThere is a relationship between excess body weight and the risk of a number of infectious diseases, including urinary tract infections (UTIs). This study aimed to investigate the correlation between body mass index (BMI) and UTIs among Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies of the Iranian Adults (PERSIAN) Guilan Cohort Study (PGCS) population.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted on 10,520 individuals aged 35–70 years from PGCS. The demographical data and clinical characteristics of the participants were recorded. Microscopic examination of the urine samples was performed to detect the presence of bacteria or white blood cells (WBC) as indicators of infection. UTI was defined as the presence of bacteria in the urine (Few, moderate, and many) and a value of ≥10 WBC/high power field (HPF) by light microscopy.ResultsThe prevalence of UTIs in this study was 8.8%, with a higher incidence in females compared to males (12.2% vs. 4.7%, p < 0.001). Among participants, the prevalence of UTIs across different weight categories was as follows: underweight/normal weight, 7.1%; overweight, 8.1%; and obesity, 10.9%. According to the unadjusted model, subjects with obesity were at significantly higher odds for UTIs than subjects with underweight/normal BMI (OR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.35–1.93, p < 0.001). However, this association was no longer significant after adjusting for demographic and clinical variables.ConclusionThe findings of this study provide evidence supporting a higher prevalence of UTIs among individuals with obesity.
Four‐year follow‐up of weight loss maintenance using electronic medical record data: The PROPEL trial
Authors: Katzmarzyk Peter T. , Mire Emily F. , Horswell Ronald , Chu San T. , Zhang Dachuan , Martin Corby K. , Newton Robert L. , Apolzan John W. , Price‐Haywood Eboni G. , Fort Dan , Carton Thomas W. , Denstel Kara D. ,   the PROPEL Research Group
Published: October 2024

AbstractRationaleShort‐term weight loss is possible in a variety of settings. However, long‐term, free‐living weight loss maintenance following structured weight loss interventions remains elusive.ObjectiveThe purpose was to study body weight trajectories over 2 years of intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) and up to 4 years of follow‐up versus usual care (UC).MethodsData were obtained from electronic medical records (EMRs) from participating clinics. Baseline (Day 0) was established as the EMR data point closest but prior to the baseline date of the trial. The sample included 111 ILI and 196 UC patients. The primary statistical analysis focused on differentiating weight loss trajectories between ILI and UC.ResultsThe ILI group experienced significantly greater weight loss compared with the UC group from Day 100 to Day 700, beyond which there were no significant differences. Intensive lifestyle intervention patients who maintained ≥5% and ≥10% weight loss at 24 months demonstrated significantly greater weight loss (p < 0.001) across the active intervention and follow‐up.ConclusionsFollowing 24 months of active intervention, patients with ILI regained weight toward their baseline to the point where ILI versus UC differences were no longer statistically or clinically significant. However, patients in the ILI who experienced ≥5% or ≥10% weight loss at the cessation of the active intervention maintained greater weight loss at the end of the follow‐up phase.Clinical Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02561221.
One promising thermoplastic material: Poly(methyl methacrylate) and its continuous glass fiber reinforced composites by redox polymerization
Authors: Gao Yafei , Li Jing , Zhang Chong , Zhang Yiru , Liu Xiaolei , Zhou Lei , Yuan Dongming , Zhang Jianmin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRecently, thermosetting epoxy resin is expected to be substituted by thermoplastic featured from green circular economy. Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) has been well known as one promising thermoplastic resin, although its mechanical property needs to be further investigated. In this paper, the free radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) was initiated by lauroyl peroxide/N,N‐dimethylaniline (LPO/DMA) and lauroyl peroxide/N,N‐dimethyl‐p‐toluidine (LPO/DMT) redox system at room temperature, respectively. The PMMA (n(MMA:LPO:DMA) = 200:1.2:1) exhibited excellent mechanical properties, and the tensile strength was 66.5 MPa, the bending strength was 118.0 MPa. The tensile strength increased to 78.9 MPa at −40°C, which suggested a promising application at low temperature. The resin was applied to fabricate continuous glass fiber reinforced PMMA (GF/PMMA) composites by vacuum‐assisted resin infusion. The 0° tensile strength and modulus were 1.17 and 43.7 GPa and 90° tensile strength and modulus were 48.3 MPa and 13.2 GPa, respectively. The mechanical properties of GF/PMMA composites are higher than GF/epoxy. Moreover, PMMA resin and glass fiber can be recycled from GF/PMMA composites by MMA as solvent, which is more energy‐efficient and environment‐friendly. This work is of great significance for preparing sustainable resin and composites.Highlights
GF/PMMA composites were fabricated by vacuum perfusion.
GF/PMMA composites showed higher mechanical properties than GF/epoxy.
GF/PMMA composite was recycled with MMA and closed‐loop recovery was achieved.
Comparative study of blending techniques in polylactic acid/cellulose nanofibrils green composites for benchtop 3D printing filaments
Authors: Hanipa Muhammad Alif Fitri , Zaidi Siti Aisyah Syazwani , Sajab Mohd Shaiful , Abdul Peer Mohamed , Jamil Kamal 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAdditive manufacturing for polylactic acid (PLA) reinforced with cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) could unlock fabrication of specialized and user‐specific biomedical devices. However, the process of combining PLA and CNF is challenging and proves complicated with possible irreversible CNF agglomeration and organic solvents leftover, particularly when involving solvent‐casting technique. Direct melt‐blending can mitigate these issues, but there are few reports of a single‐step melting and extrusion process to produce ready‐to‐use 3D printing filaments. This study compares the distribution of CNF fillers within the PLA matrix in PLA/CNF composites made by direct melt‐blending into filaments using a benchtop filament maker, and by solvent‐casting followed by extrusion into filaments. The filaments were 3D‐printed via fused deposition modeling (FDM), followed by tensile testing, morphology, and other characterizations. Uneven filament diameters were observed for the composite filaments prepared via solvent‐casting because of severe agglomeration, resulted in poor printability and tensile properties of filaments and 3D‐printed samples. Direct melt‐blended filament diameters were consistent, resulted in only slight decrease of tensile properties compared to pure PLA, contributing to the highest maximum tensile strength of 3D‐printed sample of 51.47 ± 1.73 MPa at 5% CNF loading. Morphology revealed good integration of CNF into PLA matrix starting at 3% CNF loading. Direct melt‐blending was comparable to the conventional methods, which enables simpler PLA/CNF composite preparation especially for 3D printing.Highlights
Better dispersibility achieved by direct melt‐blending than by solvent‐casting.
PLA/CNF filaments produced via solvent‐casting suffered severe agglomeration.
Direct melt‐blended PLA/CNF5% yielded the highest maximum tensile strength.
Morphology reveals good CNF‐PLA integration starting at 3% of CNF loading.
Worsened agglomeration causing increased number of voids observed at 10% CNF.
Improvement of thermal conductivity properties of epoxy resin by constructing “sesame cookie”‐like nanodiamond‐boron nitride
Authors: Chi Qingguo , Chen Ding , Wang Xubin , Zhang Changhai , Zhang Tiandong , Wu Guanglei , Tang Chao 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe development of epoxy resin (EP) potting material with high thermal conductivity (TC) and excellent electrical insulating properties plays an important role in the development of drive motors to high specific power and high voltage. In this study, a simple preparation method is presented to solve the problem of low content filler settling and low TC of EP. Firstly, small‐sized perfluoroalkyltrimethoxysilane surface‐treated nanodiamond (ND) and large‐sized hydroxylated boron nitride (BN) were adsorbed together using hydrogen bonding to construct “Sesame Cookie”‐like structures. The heterostructure filler with different “sesame” contents were obtained by modulating the ND:BN ratio, and were filled into high‐temperature resistant AG70 EP at a fixed mass ratio of 20 wt.%. By surface treatment, the dispersibility of fillers in EP was improved, and the settling problem of low content fillers was solved. Finally, when the ratio of ND: BN is 1:2, the TC value of EP composite reached 0.94 W·m−1·K−1, which was 348% higher than pure EP, and the composite possessed good electrical insulating properties. In addition, the heat‐resistance temperature of the composite exceeded 200°C, which ensured the stable operation of the drive motor. This study presents new ideas for the exploitation of EP potting materials with high TC and excellent electrical insulating properties.Highlights
Heterostructure filler is constructed using hydrogen bonding.
Dispersion of the filler in the EP is improved by surface treatment.
The TC value of the EP composite increased by 348%.
The heat‐resistant temperature of the EP composite is more than 200°C.
The EP composite has excellent insulating properties.
Preparation and performance study of carbon nanotube/polyphenylene sulfidecomposite materials based on floating catalytic chemical vapor deposition and continuous dusting powder
Authors: Guohua Lou , Zhiyong Zhao , Yangang Wang , Yaoqi Wang , Zhenming Yue , Jun Gao , Shaolei Liu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) are commonly used to enhance composite performance due to their exceptional properties. However, existing preparation methods suffer from complexity, poor interfacial bonding, and inadequate CNT dispersion. To address these issues, a new method for CNT composite preparation using floating catalytic chemical vapor deposition (FCCVD) is proposed in this study. Here, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) powder is uniformly spread onto the continuously formed CNT network using a vibrator to prepare a CNT/PPS composite film. Subsequently, multilayer composite films are hot‐pressed into molds to produce CNT/PPS composites. The study investigates the mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties of these composites. Due to the preserved 3D CNT conductive network and strong interfacial bonding between PPS and CNTs bundles, the CNT/PPS composite demonstrates excellent electrical conductivity, mechanical strength, and electrothermal performance. This method offers a simple, effective, environmentally friendly, and promising approach for producing high‐performance CNT composite materials.Highlights
A novel method for the fabrication of CNT/PPS composites.
3D conductive network enables composites to obtain high conductivity at low CNT content.
The prepared CNT/PPS composites have excellent electrical, mechanical, and electrothermal properties.
Application of Genetic Origin Analysis of Copy Number Variations in Non‐Invasive Prenatal Testing
Authors: Wang Jing , Zhu Qing‐Wen , Cui Ai‐Ming , Lin Meng‐Si , Lou Hai‐Qin 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the application of origin analysis of copy number variations (CNVs) in non‐invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) and provide a basis for expanding the clinical application of NIPT.MethodWe enrolled 35,317 patients who underwent NIPT between January 2019 and March 2023. Genome sequencing of copy number variation (CNV‐Seq) analysis was performed using the CNV calling pipeline to identify subchromosomal abnormalities in maternal plasma. Genetic origin was determined by comparing the chimaerism ratio of CNV and the concentration of cell‐free foetal DNA (cffDNA). All pregnant women with a high risk of CNV, as indicated by the NIPT, were informed of their genetic origins. Amniocentesis was recommended for detecting the CNVs in foetal chromosomes, and pregnancy outcomes were tracked.ResultsA total of 109 pregnancies showed clinically significant positive results for CNV after NIPT, including 65 cases of maternal/foetal (M/F)‐CNVs and 44 cases of F‐CNVs. The occurrence of M/F‐CNVs was independent of age, screening (serological or ultrasound) indications for abnormalities, and mode of pregnancy. The incidence of pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP)‐F‐CNVs was high in cases where serological screening indicated intermediate, high‐risk, or abnormal US findings (p < 0.05). In the M/F‐CNV group, most of the P/LP‐CNVs were small fragments with low penetrance; 55 (84.62%) were less than 5 Mb in size, and nine (13.85%) were between 5 and 10 Mb. In the F‐CNV group, foetal P/LP‐CNV was detected in 36 of 42 cases undergoing prenatal diagnosis, and no significant bias was noted in the size distribution of P/LP‐F‐CNV fragments. The prenatal diagnostic rate and positive predictive value in the F‐CNV group were 95.45% and 85.71%, respectively, which were significantly different from those in the M/F group (26.15% and 52.95%), respectively (p < 0.05).ConclusionsGenetic origin analysis of CNV can effectively improve adherence to prenatal diagnosis in pregnant women and the accuracy of prenatal diagnosis.
Gatekeeper training for youth suicide prevention: A mixed method comparative analysis of two online programs
Authors: Kreuze Elizabeth , York Janet , Lamis Dorian A. , Jenkins Carolyn , Quinnett Paul , Mueller Martina , Ruggiero Kenneth J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe overriding aim of this study was to conduct a side‐by‐side comparative evaluation of two online suicide prevention gatekeeper‐training programs: Question, Persuade, Refer (QPR) and Making Educators Partners in Youth Suicide Prevention (MEP). Specific aims included identifying program components, instructional methods, and technology elements that are well received by school personnel and that increase knowledge and self‐efficacy. QPR and MEP were directly assessed following levels one and two of Kirkpatrick's Model (i.e., reactions to training, program efficacy), and indirectly assessed at levels three and four (i.e., future gatekeeper behaviors, potential school community impact). QPR and MEP produced positive outcomes with respect to reactions, knowledge, and self‐efficacy (i.e., Kirkpatrick levels one and two). MEP and QPR also produced partial support with respect to behavior and impact (i.e., Kirkpatrick levels three and four), given the limited objective data demonstrating consistent application of gatekeeper skills that reduce community suicidal behaviors. Taken together, future research should evaluate inclusion of innovative pedagogical approaches and strategic online classroom design, which may enhance learning motivation, attitudes, and self‐efficacy. Research should also objectively evaluate intermediate and longer‐term behavioral outcomes to identify population‐level impact.
The effect of trunk exercises with hip strategy training to maximize independence level and balance for patient with stroke: Randomized controlled study
Authors: Almasoudi Alanoud O. , Seyam Mohamed K. , Sanchez Froiland 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundBalance while seated and the capacity to conduct selective trunk movements are significant predictors of functional outcomes following stroke. Patients with inappropriate muscle activation and inadequate movement control in the trunk muscles cause mobility and daily function difficulties. Stroke patients have weak leg muscles and decreased balance, resulting in compensatory changes. Functional postural strategy training is necessary to restore balance in these patients. Few studies have examined the effect of physical therapy trunk exercises with hip strategy training on improving balance and increasing independence after stroke.PurposeThis study aimed to explore the effect of selective trunk exercises (STE) with hip strategy training in improving balance in patients with stroke as well as independence levels.MethodA multicenter inpatient stroke treatment randomized pre‐ and post‐test control trial. Forty‐six stroke survivors were randomly allocated to experimental or control groups (n = 23 each). The experimental group received hip strategy training and trunk exercises. All groups received Neuro‐Developmental Treatment (NDT)‐based physical therapy four times a week for 6 weeks. Trunk impairment scale, Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and functional independence measure (FIM) measured static and dynamic seated balance, functional balance, and trunk movement coordination pre‐ and post‐therapy.ResultsThe experimental group's post‐therapeutic measures were substantially higher than the control group. The experimental group's TIS score, and subscale improved more than the control group. The experimental group considerably increased the BBS score. The experimental group also showed greater FIM gains.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that adding STE in conjunction with hip strategy training to patients after has a positive impact on trunk control while maintaining static and dynamic sitting balance, functional balance, and independence levels which are effective in stroke rehabilitation.
AdS3×S3$AdS_3 \times S^3$ Background From Poisson–Lie T‐Duality
Authors: Eghbali Ali 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe author proceed to construct a dual pair for the background by applying non‐Abelian T‐duality (here as Poisson–Lie [PL] T‐duality on a semi‐Abelian double). By using a certain parametrization of the 4‐dimensional Lie group and by a suitable choice of spectator‐dependent matrices the original ‐model including the metric and a non‐trivial ‐field are constructed. The dual background constructed by means of the PL T‐duality with the spectators is an asymptotically flat one with a potential black hole interpretation supported by a non‐trivial ‐flux whose metric contains the true singularity with a single horizon. The question of classical integrability of the non‐Abelian T‐dual ‐models under consideration is addressed, and their corresponding Lax pairs are found, depending on some spectral parameters. Finally, the conformal invariance conditions of the models are checked up to two‐loop order, and it has been concluded that the resulting model is indeed a solution of supergravity.
How inaccurate offshore wind observations impact the quality of operational numerical weather prediction
Authors: Køltzow Morten , Øiestad Merete , Azad Roohollah , Rugaard Furevik Birgitte , Olsen Anne‐Mette , Remes Teresa 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAt Norwegian offshore platforms, wind speed is observed at heights between approx. 35 and approx. 150 m a.s.l. These observations are used to estimate 10‐m wind speed, by a power law with a constant wind shear coefficient. The resulting 10‐m wind speed is then distributed to the Global Telecommunication System (GTS) and used for assimilation and verification purposes by the meteorological community. However, multiple methods with varying results exist for the reduction of wind speed from the original measurement height to 10 m. The resulting estimate of 10‐m wind speed is therefore sensitive to the choice of method. The use of such observations may therefore be suboptimal in forecast analysis and make the forecast verification difficult to interpret. This study investigates how the use of these observations impacts forecasts from the operational regional forecast system used at MET Norway and the Global Integrated Forecast System operated by ECMWF for the period 2017–2023. Both forecast systems assimilated the observations over major parts of the period and the presented results indicate that the use of these observations increased the initial errors in the forecasts. This is confirmed in a data denial experiment over a shorter period of time. The verification results show that both forecast systems underestimate the wind speed at the original measurement heights, while the results for 10‐m verification vary with the interpolation method between original sensor height and 10 m. The forecasts show in general more wind than the GTS‐distributed estimates and are in better agreement with more advanced interpolation methods. The verification results show a strong dependency on the vertical stability of the atmosphere. The major differences between the forecast systems are that the regional system shows less bias, while the standard deviations of the errors are slightly lower in the global system.
Minimally Invasive Pelvic and Acetabular Surgery: Case Report of a Robot‐Assisted Osteosynthesis of an Open‐Book Injury of the Pelvic Ring
Authors: Küper Markus A. , Johannink Jonas , Amend Bastian , Histing Tina , Herath Steven C. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundIn recent years, endoscopic treatment of pelvic ring injuries has emerged. In addition to the complex 3D anatomy of the bony pelvis, a particular challenge is its embedding in the surrounding soft tissue structures. It is known from other surgical specialties that the preparation can be facilitated by using surgical robot systems.Materials and MethodsIn a patient with an open‐book injury of the pelvic ring, a symphysis plate was performed using the DaVinci system.ResultsWe describe the robotic‐assisted osteosynthesis on the anterior pelvic ring with available instruments.ConclusionThe further development of minimally invasive surgical techniques is always linked to the development of new instruments. For trauma surgery, this means in particular the reduction of dislocated fractures. If appropriate techniques and instruments are developed here, minimally invasive treatment of injuries to the pelvic ring or acetabulum may represent an alternative to open procedures in the future.
Short‐Term Surgical Outcomes After Robotic Liver Surgery: A Propensity‐Score Matched Analysis With Conventional Open Liver Surgery at a High‐Volume Centre in Denmark
Authors: Fukumori Daisuke , Tschuor Christoph , Hamada Takashi , Schultz Nicolai Aagaard , Krohn Paul Suno , Burgdorf Stefan , Penninga Luit , Henrik Storkholm Jan , Pedersen Christian Ross , Hillingsø Jens , Svendsen Lars Bo , Larsen Peter Nørgaard 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate the perioperative outcomes of robotic liver surgery (RLS) and Open liver surgery (OLS) in a centre with a high number of operations.MethodsA 1:1 propensity score matched (PSM) analysis of a retrospective database of RLS and OLS was performed. Cumulative sum (CUSUM) analysis was performed to identify learning curves.ResultAfter PSM analysis, operative time was significantly longer in the RLS group (p < 0.001). Estimated blood loss was significantly lower in the RLS group (p < 0.001). Transfusion rates were significantly lower in the RLS group. The length of hospital stay was shorter in the RLS group (3.5vs6.3 days, p < 0.001). Readmission rates were significantly lower in the RLS group (p < 0.049). CUSUM analysis showed a learning curve for at least 8 low—intermediate RLS procedures and 27 advanced—Expert RLS procedures.ConclusionsRLS has many advantages, including being safe to perform, less blood loss and faster postoperative recovery compared with OLS.