bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between weight gain during adjuvant chemotherapy for early‐stage breast cancer and survival outcomes
Authors: Schvartsman Gustavo , Gutierrez‐Barrera Angelica M. , Song Juhee , Ueno Naoto T. , Peterson Susan K. , Arun Banu 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObese and overweight women have an increased risk of breast cancer and worse outcomes at the time of diagnosis. Women tend to gain weight after breast cancer diagnosis and during chemotherapy for early‐stage disease, which may in turn increase risk for worse outcomes. We examined if weight gained during adjuvant chemotherapy was associated with worse survival outcomes. We queried our database for data on patients who received adjuvant third‐generation chemotherapy for early‐stage breast cancer. Univariate and multivariate analyses by Cox regression were performed for survival outcomes across three categories according to BMI variation from start to end of chemotherapy: >0.5 kg/m2 loss or gain and stable BMI (±0.5 kg/m2). We included 1998 patients in this study. Women over 50 years old and postmenopausal were more likely to lose weight during adjuvant chemotherapy, whereas women under 30 years old gained more weight (P < 0.001). At 1 year postchemotherapy, patients tended to return to their original weight (ρ = −0.3, P < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, BMI increase of >0.5 kg/m2 compared to maintaining BMI was marginally associated with increased locoregional recurrence risk (HR: 2.53; 95% CI, 1.18–5.45; P = 0.017), adjusting for grade, stage, and radiation delivery. Weight variation during adjuvant chemotherapy for early‐stage breast cancer may occur as both weight gain and weight loss in a balanced manner. Furthermore, this variation seems to be transient in nature and does not appear to significantly influence recurrence rates and overall survival.
Targeting MTA1/HIF‐1α signaling by pterostilbene in combination with histone deacetylase inhibitor attenuates prostate cancer progression
Authors: Butt Nasir A. , Kumar Avinash , Dhar Swati , Rimando Agnes M. , Akhtar Israh , Hancock John C. , Lage Janice M. , Pound Charles R. , Lewin Jack R. , Gomez Christian R. , Levenson Anait S. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe metastasis‐associated protein 1(MTA1)/histone deacetylase (HDAC) unit is a cancer progression‐related epigenetic regulator, which is overexpressed in hormone‐refractory and metastatic prostate cancer (PCa). In our previous studies, we found a significantly increased MTA1 expression in a prostate‐specific Pten‐null mouse model. We also demonstrated that stilbenes, namely resveratrol and pterostilbene (Pter), affect MTA1/HDAC signaling, including deacetylation of tumor suppressors p53 and PTEN. In this study, we examined whether inhibition of MTA1/HDAC using combination of Pter and a clinically approved HDAC inhibitor, SAHA (suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, vorinostat), which also downregulates MTA1, could block prostate tumor progression in vivo. We generated and utilized a luciferase reporter in a prostate‐specific Pten‐null mouse model (Pb‐Cre+; Ptenf/f; Rosa26Luc/+) to evaluate the anticancer efficacy of Pter/SAHA combinatorial approach. Our data showed that Pter sensitized tumor cells to SAHA treatment resulting in inhibiting tumor growth and additional decline of tumor progression. These effects were dependent on the reduction of MTA1‐associated proangiogenic factors HIF‐1α, VEGF, and IL‐1β leading to decreased angiogenesis. In addition, treatment of PCa cell lines in vitro with combined Pter and low dose SAHA resulted in more potent inhibition of MTA1/HIF‐1α than by high dose SAHA alone. Our study provides preclinical evidence that Pter/SAHA combination treatment inhibits MTA1/HIF‐1α tumor‐promoting signaling in PCa. The beneficial outcome of combinatorial strategy using a natural agent and an approved drug for higher efficacy and less toxicity supports further development of MTA1‐targeted therapies in PCa.
Orthogonal Expression of an Artificial Metalloenzyme for Abiotic Catalysis
Authors: Reynolds Evan W. , Schwochert Timothy D. , McHenry Matthew W. , Watters John W. , Brustad Eric M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA cytochrome P450 was engineered to selectively incorporate Ir(Me)‐deuteroporphyrin IX (Ir(Me)‐DPIX), in lieu of heme, in bacterial cells. Cofactor selectivity was altered by introducing mutations within the heme‐binding pocket to discriminate the deuteroporphyrin macrocycle, in combination with mutations to the P450 axial cysteine to accommodate a pendant methyl group on the Ir(Me) center. This artificial metalloenzyme was investigated for activity in non‐native metallocarbenoid‐mediated olefin cyclopropanation reactions and showed enhanced activity for aliphatic and electron‐deficient olefins when compared to the native heme enzyme. This work provides a general strategy to augment the chemical functionality of heme enzymes in cells with application towards abiotic catalysis.
Reactivity of Ir–NSiN Complexes: Ir‐Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Silylation of Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Julián Alejandro , Garcés Karin , Lalrempuia Ralte , Jaseer E. A. , García‐Orduña Pilar , Fernández‐Alvarez Francisco J. , Lahoz Fernando J. , Oro Luis A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis work describes the results from the studies on the potential of [Ir(μ‐Cl)(cod)]2 (cod=1,5‐cyclooctadiene) as metallic precursor for the preparation of Ir(NSiN) complexes (NSiN=fac‐bis‐(pyridine‐2‐yloxy)methylsilyl). The reaction of [Ir(μ‐Cl)(cod)]2 with bis‐(pyridine‐2‐yloxy)methylsilane enabled the synthesis of [Ir(H)(Cl)(NSiN)(η2‐cod)] with an uncommon η2‐coordination mode for the cod ligand. The application of Ir–NSiN species as catalysts precursors for the dehydrogenative silylation of carboxylic acids was also explored. The outcomes from these catalytic studies revealed a clear influence of the ancillary ligand on the catalytic activity of Ir–NSiN species. Thus, whereas [Ir(H)(CF3SO3)(NSiN)(coe)] shows poor catalytic activity, the related complex [Ir(H)(CF3CO2)(NSiN)(coe)] with a trifluoroacetate ligand was demonstrated to be a highly active catalyst precursor.
N‐Methyl Inversion and Accurate Equilibrium Structures in Alkaloids: Pseudopelletierine
Authors: Vallejo‐López Montserrat , Écija Patricia , Vogt Natalja , Demaison Jean , Lesarri Alberto , Basterretxea Francisco J. , Cocinero Emilio J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue are the groups of Natalja Vogt at the University of Ulm, Alberto Lesarri at the University of Valladolid and Emilio J. Cocinero at the University of Pais Vasco. The image depicts the family tree of tropane alkaloids, to which pseudopelletierine belongs, and their occurrence in nature. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201702232.
Cross‐Linking of Cellulosic Materials: Manufacturing Strategies and Analytical Approaches
Authors: Tolk Jakob , Reiche Annette 
Published: October 2017

AbstractCellulose ist ein einzigartiges Polymer, das viele Kunststoffe in Widerstand, mechanischer Festigkeit und anderen Schlüsseleigenschaften übertrifft. Trotzdem ist es oft notwendig, ihre Eigenschaften optimal auf die Anforderungen des jeweiligen Einsatzgebietes anzupassen. In vielen Fällen werden Produkte auf Cellulosebasis chemisch vernetzt. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen kritischen Überblick über existierende Vernetzungsverfahren aus unterschiedlichsten Bereichen der Celluloseverarbeitung und geht auf Ansätze zur Charakterisierung vernetzter Cellulose ein.
Rationalizing Promiscuity Cliffs
Authors: Dimova Dilyana , Bajorath Jürgen 
Published: October 2017

AbstractCompound promiscuity can be viewed in different ways. We distinguish “bad” promiscuity resulting from chemical liabilities, nonspecific binding, or assay artifacts, from “good” promiscuity representing true multitarget activities. Investigating multitarget activities of small molecules is scientifically stimulating and therapeutically relevant. To better understand the molecular basis of multitarget activities, structure‐promiscuity relationships (SPRs) are explored. For this purpose, “promiscuity cliffs” (PCs) have been introduced, which can be rationalized as an extension of the activity cliff (AC) concept. A PC is defined as a pair of structural analogues that are active against different numbers of targets (given a difference threshold). As discussed herein PCs frequently capture surprising SPRs and encode many experimentally testable hypotheses.
Recovery from the anatomical effects of long‐term monocular deprivation in cat lateral geniculate nucleus
Authors: Duffy Kevin R. , Fong Ming‐fai , Mitchell Donald E. , Bear Mark F. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMonocular deprivation (MD) imposed early in postnatal life elicits profound structural and functional abnormalities throughout the primary visual pathway. The ability of MD to modify neurons within the visual system is restricted to a so‐called critical period that, for cats, peaks at about one postnatal month and declines thereafter so that by about 3 months of age MD has little effect. Recovery from the consequences of MD likewise adheres to a critical period that ends by about 3 months of age, after which the effects of deprivation are thought to be permanent and without capacity for reversal. The attenuation of plasticity beyond early development is a formidable obstacle for conventional therapies to stimulate recovery from protracted visual deprivation. In the current study we examined the efficacy of dark exposure and retinal inactivation with tetrodotoxin to promote anatomical recovery in the dorsal lateral geniculate nuclues (dLGN) from long‐term MD started at the peak of the critical period. Whereas 10 days of dark exposure or binocular retinal inactivation were not better at promoting recovery than conventional treatment with reverse occlusion, inactivation of only the non‐deprived (fellow) eye for 10 days produced a complete restoration of neuron soma size, and also reversed the significant loss of neurofilament protein within originally deprived dLGN layers. These results reveal a capacity for neural plasticity and recovery that is larger than anything previously observed following protracted MD in cat, and they highlight a possibility for alternative therapies applied at ages thought to be recalcitrant to recovery.
Chiral Amplification by L‐Cysteine‐Capped Gold Nanoparticles in Lyotropic Chromonic Liquid Crystals
Authors: Bergquist Leah , Hegmann Torsten 
Published: October 2017

AbstractTransfer of chirality from an adsorbed molecule to a metal nanoparticle surface, and from the resulting chiral nanoparticle to its surroundings, depends on numerous factors – structure of the adsorbed molecule, its size and shape, and its interactions with its specific environment – but is often difficult to understand and even more difficult to measure, visualize, and quantify. This severely limits the potential of chiral nanoparticles in a range of emerging applications as optical metamaterials, enantioselective catalysts, or chiral discriminators for biomacromolecules. We examine if chirality at the nanoscale (i. e. in gold nanoparticles capped with chiral ligand molecules) is uniquely able to generate more intense responses than their organic chiral counterparts in soft condensed matter utilizing lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals (LCLCs) forming the nematic phase. As a powerful manifestation of nanoscale chiral amplification, we show that L‐cysteine capped gold nanoparticles induce a tighter chiral twist within, and similar among, stacks of nematic LCLCs with several orders of magnitude fewer chiral L‐cysteine ligands in comparison to the free molecular L‐amino acid.
Workload prediction and balance for distributed reachability processing for large‐scale attribute graphs
Authors: Ho Li‐Yung , Wu Jan‐Jan , Liu Pangfeng 
Published: October 2017

SummaryReachability query with label constraint in an attribute graph is one of the most fundamental and important operations in semantic network analysis. However, ever‐growing graph size has resulted in intractable reachability problems on single machines.This work aims to devise efficient solutions for the reachability with label constraint problem in an attribute graph in a distributed environment. We focus on two issues in distributed processing—data locality and workload balancing—since data locality reduces communication overhead and workload balancing improves the efficiency of cluster use. We propose three novel techniques to address the two issues: (1) a partition replication method that improves data locality while conserving community property, (2) a workload‐prediction method that accurately predicts machine workloads for a given quer, and (3) a workload balancing method that uses these predictions to shift partial workloads among machines to produce a balanced workload. Experimental results suggest that these techniques significantly improve performance and reduce total execution time by 40%.
Band‐Gap Engineering of Graphene Heterostructures by Substitutional Doping with B3N3
Authors: Sawahata Hisaki , Maruyama Mina , Cuong Nguyen Thanh , Omachi Haruka , Shinohara Hisanori , Okada Susumu 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe investigated the energetics and electronic structure of B3N3‐doped graphene employing density functional theory calculations with the generalized gradient approximation. Our calculations reveal that all of the B3N3‐doped graphene structures are semiconducting, irrespective of the periodicity of the B3N3 embedded into the graphene network. This is in contrast to graphene nanomeshes, which are either semiconductors or metals depending on the mesh arrangement. In B3N3‐doped graphene, the effective masses for both electrons and holes are small. The band gap in the B3N3‐doped graphene networks and the total energy of the B3N3‐doped graphene are inversely proportional to the B3N3 spacing. Furthermore, both properties depend on whether or not the graphene region possesses a Clar structure. In particular, the sheets with a Clar structure exhibit a wider band gap and a slightly lower total energy than those without a Clar structure.
Measuring lip force by oral screens Part 2: The importance of screen design, instruction and suction
Authors: Wertsén Madeleine , Stenberg Manne 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe aim of this study was to find a reliable method for measuring lip force and to find the most important factors that influence the measurements in terms of magnitude and variability. The hypothesis tested was that suction is involved and thus the instruction and the design of the oral screen are of importance when measuring lip force. This is a methodological study in a healthy population. This study was conducted in a general community. The designs of the screens were soft and hard prefabricated screens and 2 semi‐individually made with a tube allowing air to pass. The screens and the instructions squeeze or suck were tested on 29 healthy adults, one at a time and on 4 occasions. The test order of the screens was randomized. Data were collected during 4 consecutive days, and the procedure was repeated after 1 month. The participants were 29 healthy adult volunteers. The instruction was an important mean to distinguish between squeezing and sucking. The design of the screen affected the lip force so that it increases in relation to the projected area of the screen. A screen design with a tube allowing air to pass made it possible to avoid suction when squeezing. By measuring with and without allowing air to pass, it was possible to distinguish between suction related and not suction related lip force. The additional screen pressure when sucking was related to the ability to produce a negative intraoral pressure. In conclusion lip force increases in relation to the projected area of the screen, sucking generally increases the measured lip force and the additional screen pressure when sucking is related to the ability to produce a negative intraoral pressure.
Intermediate and nonclassical monocytes show heterogeneity in patients with different types of acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Leers Math P. G. , Stockem Chantal , Ackermans Dianne , Loeffen Rinske , ten Cate Hugo , Kragten Johannes A. , Jie Kon‐Siong G. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis study was performed to gain further insight in the heterogeneity of monocytes in the different categories of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), especially between patients with unstable angina pectoris, ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), and non‐ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). For this purpose, blood samples were collected in the acute phase from patients presenting with an ACS. These samples were examined with multiparameter flow cytometry to identify the different monocyte subsets and to analyze the expression of monocyte‐associated molecules. Leukocytes, as well as an absolute number of monocytes, showed a clear and significant increase in patients with STEMI. This increase was seen in all subtypes of monocytes. The classical monocytes (CD14++CD16–) of patients with an NSTEMI had a significantly increased CD11b expression when compared to the control group, while these cells showed a decreased expression pattern in STEMI patients. This increased CD11b‐expression was also seen in the intermediate monocytes of NSTEMI, while it was almost completely downregulated on the intermediate monocytes of STEMI. Finally, CX3CR1, which is almost exclusively expressed on intermediate and nonclassical monocytes, showed a significant decrease in expression in patients with STEMI. In conclusion, intermediate and nonclassical monocytes have a different immunophenotypic pattern in patients with STEMI versus NSTEMI. These differences reflect the pro‐inflammatory state of the monocytes in NSTEMI and can be used as target molecules for novel therapeutic strategies to diminish the migration of proinflammatory monocytes into the myocardial tissue. © 2017 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Clonality disguises the vulnerability of a threatened arid zone Acacia
Authors: Roberts David G. , Forrest Cairo N. , Denham Andrew J. , Ayre David J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractLong‐lived, widespread plant species are expected to be genetically diverse, reflecting the interaction between large population sizes, overlapping generations, and gene flow. Such species are thought to be resilient to disturbance, but may carry an extinction debt due to reproductive failure. Genetic studies of Australian arid zone plant species suggest an unusually high frequency of asexuality, polyploidy, or both. A preliminary AFLP genetic study implied that the naturally fragmented arid zone tree, Acacia carneorum, is almost entirely dependent on asexual reproduction through suckering, and stands may have lacked genetic diversity and interconnection even prior to the onset of European pastoralism. Here we surveyed microsatellite genetic variation in 20 stands to test for variation in life histories and further assessed the conservation status of the species by comparing genetic diversity within protected stands in National Parks and disturbed range lands. Using herbarium records, we estimate that 219 stands are extant, all of which occur in the arid zone, west of the Darling River in southeastern Australia. With two exceptions, all surveyed stands comprised only one multilocus genet and at least eight were putatively polyploid. Although some stands comprise thousands of stems, our findings imply that the species as a whole may represent ~240 distinct genetic individuals, many of which are polyploid, and most are separated by >10 km of unsuitable habitat. With only 34% of stands (and therefore genets) occurring within conservation reserves, A. carneorum may be at much greater risk of extinction than inferred from on‐ground census data. Land managers should prioritize on‐ground preservation of the genotypes within existing reserves, protecting both vegetative suckers and seedlings from herbivory. Importantly, three stands are known to set viable seed and should be used to generate genetically diverse germ‐plasm for ex situ conservation, population augmentation, or translocation.
Transgene flow in Mexican maize revisited: Socio‐biological analysis across two contrasting farmer communities and seed management systems
Authors: Agapito‐Tenfen Sarah , Lopez Flor R. , Mallah Narmeen , Abou‐Slemayne Gretta , Trtikova Miluse , Nodari Rubens O. , Wickson Fern 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe flow of transgenes into landraces and wild relatives is an important biosafety concern. The case of transgene flow into local maize varieties in Mexico (the center of origin of maize) has been intensively debated over the past 15 years, including legal, political, and environmental disputes fanned by the existence of a significant scientific controversy over the methods used for the detection of transgenes. The use of diverse approaches and a lack of harmonized methods specific to the detection and monitoring of transgenes in landraces have generated both positive and negative results regarding contamination of Mexican maize with genetically modified material over the years. In this paper, we revisit the case of transgene contamination in Mexican maize and present a novel research approach based on socio‐biological analysis of contrasting communities and seed management systems. Two communities were used to investigate how different social and biological factors can affect transgene flow and impact transgene spread in Mexico. Our results show the presence of transgenes in one community and thus support the position that transgenes are highly likely to be present in Mexican maize landraces. However, our work also demonstrates that the extent and frequency with which transgenes can be found will significantly depend on the societal characteristics and seed management systems of the local communities. Therefore, we argue that future analysis of transgene presence should include social research on the seed management practices in the sampling area so that more robust and comprehensive understandings and conclusions can be drawn.
Tree species distribution in temperate forests is more influenced by soil than by climate
Authors: Walthert Lorenz , Meier Eliane Seraina 
Published: October 2017

AbstractKnowledge of the ecological requirements determining tree species distributions is a precondition for sustainable forest management. At present, the abiotic requirements and the relative importance of the different abiotic factors are still unclear for many temperate tree species. We therefore investigated the relative importance of climatic and edaphic factors for the abundance of 12 temperate tree species along environmental gradients. Our investigations are based on data from 1,075 forest stands across Switzerland including the cold‐induced tree line of all studied species and the drought‐induced range boundaries of several species. Four climatic and four edaphic predictors represented the important growth factors temperature, water supply, nutrient availability, and soil aeration. The climatic predictors were derived from the meteorological network of MeteoSwiss, and the edaphic predictors were available from soil profiles. Species cover abundances were recorded in field surveys. The explanatory power of the predictors was assessed by variation partitioning analyses with generalized linear models. For six of the 12 species, edaphic predictors were more important than climatic predictors in shaping species distribution. Over all species, abundances depended mainly on nutrient availability, followed by temperature, water supply, and soil aeration. The often co‐occurring species responded similar to these growth factors. Drought turned out to be a determinant of the lower range boundary for some species. We conclude that over all 12 studied tree species, soil properties were more important than climate variables in shaping tree species distribution. The inclusion of appropriate soil variables in species distribution models allowed to better explain species' ecological niches. Moreover, our study revealed that the ecological requirements of tree species assessed in local field studies and in experiments are valid at larger scales across Switzerland.