bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brain activity changes in a macaque model of oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic cold hypersensitivity
Authors: Nagasaka Kazuaki , Yamanaka Kazunori , Ogawa Shinya , Takamatsu Hiroyuki , Higo Noriyuki 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe antineoplastic agent oxaliplatin induces a painful peripheral neuropathy characterized by an acute cold hypersensitivity. There is a lack of effective treatments to manage oxaliplatin-induced cold hypersensitivity which is due, in part, to a lack of understanding of the pathophysiology of oxaliplatin-induced cold hypersensitivity. Thus, brain activity in oxaliplatin-treated macaques was examined using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Oxaliplatin treatment reduced tail withdrawal latency to a cold (10 °C) stimulus, indicating cold hypersensitivity and increased activation in the secondary somatosensory cortex (SII) and the anterior insular cortex (Ins) was observed. By contrast, no activation was observed in these areas following cold stimulation in untreated macaques. Systemic treatment with an antinociceptive dose of the serotonergic-noradrenergic reuptake inhibitor duloxetine decreased SII and Ins activity. Pharmacological inactivation of SII and Ins activity by microinjection of the GABAA receptor agonist muscimol increased tail withdrawal latency. The current findings indicate that SII/Ins activity is a potential mediator of oxaliplatin-induced cold hypersensitivity.
Enhanced long-term stability of perovskite solar cells using a double-layer hole transport material
Authors: Li Qi , Zhao Yicheng , Fu Rui , Zhou Wenke , Zhao Yao , Lin Fang , Liu Song , Yu Dapeng , Zhao Qing 
Published: June 2017

Using a double-layer hole transport material configuration, perovskite solar cells sustain over 90% of their initial output after 10 h of steady-state measurement.
A Pilot Study on Professional Documentation: Do We Write From a Strengths Perspective?
Authors: Braun Matthew J. , Dunn Winnie , Tomchek Scott D. 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
There is growing evidence supporting the use of strengths-based practices when serving families. The purpose of this study was to examine the use of strengths-based approaches in the context of written professional documentation. We specifically explored whether or not interdisciplinary clinicians in one university-based medical center clinic write from a strengths perspective (e.g., writing focuses on abilities rather than on deficits) when documenting child behavior in autism diagnostic clinics.

Method
We gathered narrative-based writing samples (a total of 299 phrases) from 20 patient reports. Using a coding system developed by the research team (intraclass correlation coefficient = .801 on final definitions and coding system), we analyzed the extent to which interdisciplinary clinicians included strengths-based language (e.g., language that emphasizes a person's strengths rather than limitations) in their written documentation. An independent researcher coded a random sample (20% of entire sample) of the data to document reliability of the coded data (97% interrater agreement).

Results
Our findings indicated that clinicians in our study used deficit-based language significantly more than neutral and strengths-based language in written documentation.

Conclusion
This preliminary evidence suggests a need to reflect upon our own understanding of strengths-based practices and the way professionals write about children in clinical documentation.
Sodium carbonate‐assisted formation of hollow cadmium molybdate microspheres
Authors: Chen Qingchun , Deng Huiyu 
Published: June 2017

Hollow cadmium molybdate (CdMoO4) microspheres with an average diameter of ∼1000 nm have been successfully synthesised via a Na2CO3‐assisted solution synthesis method without using any other surfactants or additives. X‐ray diffraction pattern and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterise the samples. The photocatalytic property of hollow CdMoO4 microspheres to degrade dye rhodamine B under the irradiation of UV light was evaluated, which was much better than that of solid microspheres obtained through the same solution synthesis method without the assistance of Na2CO3.
A Novel Mutation in the AVPR2 Gene in a Palestinian Family with Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
Authors: Abu-Libdeh Abdulsalam , Wexler Isaiah , Dweikat Imad , Zangen David , Abu-Libdeh Bassam 
Published: June 2017

AbstractNephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) is a urinary concentrating defect resulting from resistance of the collecting duct to the antidiuretic action of vasopressin (AVP). The X-linked recessive form is the most frequent genetic cause of inherited NDI and can be caused by mutations in the gene encoding the V2 vasopressin receptor (AVPR2). A Palestinian male infant presented in the neonatal period with failure to thrive, vomiting, irritability, fever, and polyuria, and had biochemical findings consistent with NDI. The diagnosis of NDI was established based on the clinical picture, absent response to desmopressin, and a similarly affected elder brother. Sequencing of the AVPR2 gene for the patient and his affected brother revealed a novel missense mutation with replacement of G by A in codon 82 located in exon 2 (TGC → TAC), causing a cysteine to tyrosine substitution (C82Y). Testing of the mother showed that she was the carrier of that mutation. This is the identified AVPR2 mutation in a Palestinian family. Knowledge of these mutations will allow genetic counseling and early diagnosis of affected males.
Hidden electrostatic basis of dynamic allostery in a PDZ domain
Authors: Kumawat Amit , Chakrabarty Suman 
Published: June 2017

Significance
Allosteric regulation is a crucial component in biochemical pathways, where ligand binding to an allosteric site modulates the enzymatic activity at a distant functional site. There is rapid growth in interest toward rational design of allosteric drugs. PDZ domain proteins (frequently encountered in signaling protein complexes) are classic examples of allostery without significant structural changes (dynamic allostery), where ligand binding leads to modulation in distal side-chain motions. So far dynamic allostery has been attributed to purely entropic effects. In contrast, here we show that a significant internal redistribution and rewiring of electrostatic interactions provide the basis of dynamic allostery in PDZ domain protein. A dramatic population shift in the pairwise hydrogen-bonded interactions involving side chains leads to the allosteric response.
Understanding the mechanical response of double-stranded DNA and RNA under constant stretching forces using all-atom molecular dynamics
Authors: Marin-Gonzalez Alberto , Vilhena J. G. , Perez Ruben , Moreno-Herrero Fernando 
Published: June 2017

Significance
The mechanical properties of nucleic acids regulate multiple biological processes ranging from complex chromosome packing to replication of a plasmid. Single-molecule experiments have reported puzzling differences between the mechanical properties of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) subjected to force and torque. This study investigates these differences using constant-force, all-atom, microsecond-long molecular dynamics. We provide a physical mechanism that explains the nonintuitive opposite twist-stretch response of these molecules based on the change of the interstrand distance with the stretching force. Changes in interstrand distance are ultimately related to differences in the chemical structure of dsDNA and dsRNA molecules. The methodology and results shown here open the field to explore larger forces to test experimental measurements, and to challenge the predictions given by our simulations.
An epistemology for practical knowledge
Authors: Campbell Lucy 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAnscombe thought that practical knowledge – a person’s knowledge of what she is intentionally doing – displays formal differences to ordinary empirical, or ‘speculative’, knowledge. I suggest these differences rest on the fact that practical knowledge involves intention analogously to how speculative knowledge involves belief. But this claim conflicts with the standard conception of knowledge, according to which knowledge is an inherently belief-involving phenomenon. Building on John Hyman’s account of knowledge as the ability to use a fact as a reason, I develop an alternative, two-tier, epistemology which allows that knowledge might really come in a belief-involving and an intention-involving form.
Simultaneous determination of primary and secondary d- and l-amino acids by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography using pre-column derivatization with two-step labelling method
Authors: Yokoyama Takehiko , Tokuda Masaharu , Amano Masafumi , Mikami Koji 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
This work describes a method for the simultaneous determination of primary d- and l-amino acids and secondary amino acids such as d- and l-proline. In order to remove interferences in the simultaneous determination of primary and secondary amines, the primary amines were derivatized with o-phthalaldehyde/N-acetyl-l-cysteine (OPA/NAC) and subsequently with 1-(9-fluorenyl)ethyl chloroformate (FLEC) for secondary amines, in a pre-column separation derivatization technique. These fluorescent diastereomers of the amino acids were obtained within 3 min at room temperature and determined simultaneously by changing wavelengths during analysis in a single eluting run in the high-performance liquid chromatography column. This method, referred to as the “two-step labelling method,” is effective for the simultaneous determination of d- and l-amino acids.
Correlating the synthesis protocol of aromatic polyimide film with the properties of polyamic acid precursor
Authors: Tan P C , Ooi B S , Ahmad A L , Low S C 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Thousands of different copolyimide combinations render it technically impossible to have a single universal synthesis method to produce aromatic polyimide film. This study aimed to outline the selection of synthesis protocol, either through the casting of chemically imidized polyimide solution or thermal imidization of polyamic acid (PAA), to produce the polyimide film. The rheological behaviour, molecular weight, and solubility of five structurally different PAA were analysed and correlated to both imidization methods. In this work, a tough polyimide film was successfully synthesized by casting the chemically imidized polyimide derived from high viscosity (> 81 cP) and high molecular weight (≥ 1.35 x 106 g/mol) PAA. On the contrary, both low viscosity (< 13 cP) and high viscosity (> 81 cP) PAA demonstrated the possibility to produce polyimide film via thermal imidization route. The longer molecular chain of ODPA-6FpDA:DABA (3:2) polyimide produced from thermal imidization had restricted the passage of CO2 across the polyimide film when it was applied in the gas separation application. The outcome from this work serves as a guideline for the selection of suitable polyimide film synthesis protocol, which will minimize the time and chemical consumption in future exploration of new polyimide structure.
Effect of Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound on Bone Healing at Osteotomy Sites After Open Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy
Authors: Goshima Kenichi , Sawaguchi Takeshi , Shigemoto Kenji , Iwai Sintaro , Nakanishi Akira , Ueoka Ken 
Published: June 2017

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on bone healing at osteotomy sites after open wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO).

Materials and Methods:
Twenty-six patients underwent OWHTO without bone grafting. Thirty cases treated with LIPUS (group L) after surgery were compared with 13 cases without LIPUS treatment (group C). We divided the osteotomy gap into the lateral hinge and 4 zones on anteroposterior radiography, and the progression of gap filling was evaluated at 1, 3, and 6 months post-operatively in both groups.

Results:
In group L, the lateral hinge formed a union at 3 months postoperatively in 11 knees (84.6%). At 6 months, gap filling in 10 knees (76.9%) reached to zone 2. In group C, while the lateral hinge formed a union at 3 months postoperatively in all cases. At 6 months, gap filling in 6 knees (46.1%) reached to zone 2. The progression of gap filling were 8.5%, 18.9%, and 32.9% (at 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery, respectively) in group L, while the progress levels at the same time points were 7.7%, 16.6%, and 24.4% in group C. There were significant differences at 6 months after surgery between the 2 groups.

Discussion:
LIPUS accelerated bone healing at 6 months after OWHTO. It is important that the accuracy of LIPUS methods be further studied and improved.
Change in Calcaneal Bone Strength in Long-Term Care Residents Treated With Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound
Authors: Okuizumi Hiroyasu , Koyano Kiyoshi , Kurosawa Kazuya , Kamide Naoto , Soyano Ayako 
Published: June 2017

Objective:
We examined the effect of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on bone strength in osteoporotic elderly residents.

Materials and Methods:
This was a randomized controlled trial. Elderly residents with osteoporosis in a long–term care facility were treated with LIPUS (oscillation frequency 100 KHz) that involved treatment of the heel bone for 2 minutes a day. The selection of the treated heel was decided randomly with a personal computer. The heel bone mineral density before and after treatment was measured by calcaneal quantitative ultrasound (GE-1000 Express).

Results:
The study included 23 residents but 3 patients developed fractures and 1 withdrew from the study. Nineteen elder residents (average age 86.9 years) completed the study with ultrasonic quantitation before and after treatment. The average speed of sound (following SOS) of the treated and non-treated side was 1438.3 and 1437.4 m/s, respectively at baseline. After 3 months, the SOS was increased to 1450.8 and 1450.5 m/s, respectively, and after 8 months it increased to, 1452.8 and 1451.6 m/s. There were no significant changes between the treated and the non-treated side of the heel bone.

Discussion:
LIPUS had no effect on increasing bone density in the elderly residents when treatment duration was 2 minutes per day. We suggest that therapy for osteoporosis with LIPUS for the elderly should be studied in the future to reduce the number of prescribed oral agents.
Effect of Low-Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound (LIPUS) on Endochondral Ossification via the Wnt Signaling Pathway
Authors: Kumagai Ken , Yamaguchi Yasuteru , Miyatake Kazuma , Tanabe Hironori , Imai Sosuke , Saito Tomoyuki 
Published: June 2017

Objective:
We have previously demonstrated that LIPUS stimulates endochondral ossification with decreased expression of sclerostin. The Wnt signaling pathway was examined in vitro to further address the effect of LIPUS on endochondral ossification.

Materials and Methods:
ATDC5 cells were plated at an initial density of 6 × 104 cells/well in a 6-multiwell plate and cultured in the presence of 5% FBS plus ITS. The bottom of the culture plate was treated every day with LIPUS for 20 minutes. The level of calcification and the expression of Wnt signaling were investigated.

Results:
The area of calcified nodules in the LIPUS-treated group was significantly greater than in the control group. The expression of Wnt was significantly elevated by LIPUS exposure. Markers associated with endochondral ossification were increased in the LIPUS-treated group. When sclerostin was added to the culture media, calcified nodule formation and the expression of Wnt were inhibited in both the LIPUS-treated group and the control group.

Discussion:
This study suggests that endochondral ossification was stimulated by LIPUS via the Wnt signaling pathway.
What Is the Relationship Between a Preclerkship Portfolio Review and Later Performance in Clerkships?
Authors: O’Brien Celia Laird , Thomas John X. , Green Marianne M. 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
Medical educators struggle to find effective ways to assess essential competencies such as communication, professionalism, and teamwork. Portfolio-based assessment provides one method of addressing this problem by allowing faculty reviewers to judge performance, as based on a longitudinal record of student behavior. At the Feinberg School of Medicine, the portfolio system measures behavioral competence using multiple assessments collected over time. This study examines whether a preclerkship portfolio review is a valid method of identifying problematic student behavior affecting later performance in clerkships.

Method
The authors divided students into two groups based on a summative preclerkship portfolio review in 2014: students who had concerning behavior in one or more competencies and students progressing satisfactorily. They compared how students in these groups later performed on two clerkship outcomes as of October 2015: final grades in required clerkships, and performance on a clerkship clinical composite score. They used Mann–Whitney tests and multiple linear regression to examine the relationship between portfolio review results and clerkship outcomes. They used USMLE Step 1 to control for knowledge acquisition.

Results
Students with concerning behavior preclerkship received significantly lower clerkship grades than students progressing satisfactorily (P = .002). They also scored significantly lower on the clinical composite score (P < .001). Regression analysis indicated concerning behavior was associated with lower clinical composite scores, even after controlling for knowledge acquisition.

Conclusions
The results show a preclerkship portfolio review can identify behaviors that impact clerkship performance. A comprehensive portfolio system is a valid way to measure behavioral competencies.
Exploring Integration in Action: Competencies as Building Blocks of Expertise
Authors: Mylopoulos Maria , Borschel Debaroti (Tina) , O’Brien Tara , Martimianakis Sofia , Woods Nicole N. 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
Competency frameworks such as the CanMEDS roles and the ACGME core competencies may lead to the implicit assumption that physicians can learn and practice individual competencies in isolation. In contrast, models of adaptive expertise suggest that the integration of competencies reflects the capabilities of an expert physician. Thus, educational programming aimed at teaching discrete roles or competencies might overlook expert physician capabilities that are central to patient care. To develop expertise, learning opportunities must reflect expert capabilities. To better understand the relationship between competency-based medical education and expert development, the authors sought to explore how integrated competencies are enacted during patient care by postgraduate medical trainees.

Method
Using a cognitive ethnographic approach, in 2014–2015 the authors conducted observations and—to refine and elaborate these observations—ad hoc informal interviews with 13 postgraduate trainee participants. Data collection resulted in 92 hours of observation, 26 patient case portraits, and a total of 220 pages of field notes for analysis. Through analysis, the authors identified and examined moments when postgraduate trainees appeared to be simultaneously enacting multiple competencies.

Results
The authors identified two key expert capabilities in moments of integrated competence: finding complexity and being patient-centered. They described two mechanisms for these forms of integration: valuing the patient’s narrative of their illness, and integrated understanding.

Conclusions
Understanding integrated competencies as the building blocks of expert capabilities, along with recognizing the importance of mechanisms that support integration, offers an opportunity to use existing competency-based frameworks to understand and teach adaptive expertise.
Reversal of Vecuronium-induced Neuromuscular Blockade with Low-dose Sugammadex at Train-of-four Count of Four
Authors: Asztalos László , Szabó-Maák Zoltán , Gajdos András , Nemes Réka , Pongrácz Adrienn , Lengyel Szabolcs , Fülesdi Béla , Tassonyi Edömér 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Background
Rocuronium-induced neuromuscular block that spontaneously recovered to a train-of-four count of four can be reversed with sugammadex 0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg. We investigated whether these doses of sugammadex can also reverse vecuronium at a similar level of block.

Methods
Sixty-five patients were randomly assigned, and 64 were analyzed in this controlled, superiority study. Participants received general anesthesia with propofol, sevoflurane, fentanyl, and vecuronium. Measurement of neuromuscular function was performed with acceleromyography (TOF-Watch-SX, Organon Teknika B.V., The Netherlands ). Once the block recovered spontaneously to four twitches in response to train-of-four stimulation, patients were randomly assigned to receive sugammadex 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 mg/kg; neostigmine 0.05 mg/kg; or placebo. Time from study drug injection to normalized train-of-four ratio 0.9 and the incidence of incomplete reversal within 30 min were the primary outcome variables. Secondary outcome was the incidence of reparalysis (normalized train-of-four ratio less than 0.9).

Results
Sugammadex, in doses of 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg, reversed a threshold train-of-four count of four to normalized train-of-four ratio of 0.9 or higher in all patients in 4.4 ± 2.3 min (mean ± SD) and 2.6 ± 1.6 min, respectively. Sugammadex 0.5 mg/kg reversed the block in 6.8 ± 4.1 min in 70% of patients (P < 0.0001 vs. 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg), whereas neostigmine produced reversal in 11.3 ± 9.7 min in 77% of patients (P > 0.05 vs. sugammadex 0.5 mg/kg). The overall frequency of reparalysis was 18.7%, but this incidence varied from group to group.

Conclusions
Sugammadex 1.0 mg/kg, unlike 0.5 mg/kg, properly reversed a threshold train-of-four count of four vecuronium-induced block but did not prevent reparalysis.
Mini-fluid Challenge of 100 ml of Crystalloid Predicts Fluid Responsiveness in the Operating Room
Authors: Biais Matthieu , de Courson Hugues , Lanchon Romain , Pereira Bruno , Bardonneau Guillaume , Griton Marion , Sesay Musa , Nouette-Gaulain Karine 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Background
Mini-fluid challenge of 100 ml colloids is thought to predict the effects of larger amounts of fluid (500 ml) in intensive care units. This study sought to determine whether a low quantity of crystalloid (50 and 100 ml) could predict the effects of 250 ml crystalloid in mechanically ventilated patients in the operating room.

Methods
A total of 44 mechanically ventilated patients undergoing neurosurgery were included. Volume expansion (250 ml saline 0.9%) was given to maximize cardiac output during surgery. Stroke volume index (monitored using pulse contour analysis) and pulse pressure variations were recorded before and after 50 ml infusion (given for 1 min), after another 50 ml infusion (given for 1 min), and finally after 150 ml infusion (total = 250 ml). Changes in stroke volume index induced by 50, 100, and 250 ml were recorded. Positive fluid challenges were defined as an increase in stroke volume index of 10% or more from baseline after 250 ml.

Results
A total of 88 fluid challenges were performed (32% of positive fluid challenges). Changes in stroke volume index induced by 100 ml greater than 6% (gray zone between 4 and 7%, including 19% of patients) predicted fluid responsiveness with a sensitivity of 93% (95% CI, 77 to 99%) and a specificity of 85% (95% CI, 73 to 93%). The area under the receiver operating curve of changes in stroke volume index induced by 100 ml was 0.95 (95% CI, 0.90 to 0.99) and was higher than those of changes in stroke volume index induced by 50 ml (0.83 [95% CI, 0.75 to 0.92]; P = 0.01) and pulse pressure variations (0.65 [95% CI, 0.53 to 0.78]; P < 0.005).

Conclusions
Changes in stroke volume index induced by rapid infusion of 100 ml crystalloid predicted the effects of 250 ml crystalloid in patients ventilated mechanically in the operating room.