bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Prospective Observational Study of Near-miss Events and Maternal Deaths in Obstetrics
Authors: Nanda Smiti , Yadav Shaveta 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To study the incidence and causes of near-miss cases and maternal deaths (MDs) and also search the level of delay.

Materials and methods
The prospective observational study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology for a period of one and a half year (September 2012 to February 2014). For identifying near-miss events, disease-specific criteria were used. Near-miss cases were identified among women with pregnancy-related complications whose diagnoses were meeting the criteria. Detailed information of maternal mortalities and near-miss cases for demographic features, underlying causes, treatment received, and level of delay were also obtained.

Results
There were 15,170 obstetric admission, 13,851 live births, 184 near-miss cases, and 60 MDs during the study period. The maternal near-miss (MNM) rate was 13.2/1,000 live births and maternal mortality ratio was 433.1/100,000 live births. The mortality index (MD/MNM+MD) was reported as 25%. The maternal mortality to near-miss ratio was 1:3.07. Severe maternal outcome rate (MNM/MNM+MD) was 17.6/1,000 live births. Hemorrhage (54.89%) was the leading cause of nearmiss events followed by hypertension (24.45%) and anemia (13.59%). Hypertension (26.66%) was responsible for most of the MDs followed by anemia (25%), hemorrhage (20%), and puerperal sepsis (10%). The most common level of delay was found on the part of women and/or family to seek help.

Conclusion
Hypertension, hemorrhage, and anemia are leading causes of maternal morbidity and mortality. Lessons need to be learnt from cases of near-miss, which can serve as a useful tool in making strategies and putting efforts to reduce maternal mortality.

How to cite this article
Yadav S, Nanda S. A Prospective Observational Study of Near-miss Events and Maternal Deaths in Obstetrics. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2016;8(4):261-265.
Perinatal Outcome after Multifetal Pregnancy Reduction: A Retrospective Analysis of 1-year Data in a Referral Fetal Medicine Center
Authors: Suresh Indrani , Latha Pilli M , Andrew Chitra , Seshadri Suresh 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT

Aims
Multiple pregnancies are associated with higher maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Multifetal pregnancy reduction is an accepted method to reduce the morbidity associated with higher order multiples. The present study describes the perinatal outcome of 336 pregnancies which underwent multifetal reduction in our center.

Materials and methods
This is a retrospective descriptive study of all patients who underwent multifetal pregnancy reduction during the period from September 1, 2010 to August 31, 2011. The demographic details of the patients were extracted from the Sonocare software database. Fetal reductions were performed using standard protocols after a detailed structural evaluation including nuchal translucency. The perinatal outcome was obtained from hospital records or from patients over telephone.

Results
Of the total 336 pregnancies, 21% were lost to follow-up. The remaining 265 were analyzed for the perinatal outcome. The take home baby rate was 80.2%. Total fetal loss rate was 11.6% and partial pregnancy loss rate was 3.8%. Mean gestational age at delivery was 34.7 weeks. A total of 22.1% of women delivered at term. A total of 34.5% of the patients had late preterm delivery (35—37 weeks). The mean birth weight was 2002 gm.

Conclusion
The data shows that the outcomes of multifetal pregnancy reduction in India are similar to published data from other countries, with a good perinatal outcome in over 80% cases. However, the data also points to the urgent need for stringent guidelines for ovulation induction and embryo transfer to reduce the requirement for and number of these procedures in the future.

How to cite this article
Latha PM, Andrew C, Suresh I, Seshadri S. Perinatal Outcome after Multifetal Pregnancy Reduction: A Retrospective Analysis of 1-year Data in a Referral Fetal Medicine Center. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2016;8(4):266-270.
A Study on Maternal Mortality in Baba Raghav Das Medical College, Gorakhpur
Authors: Shrivastava Reena , Tiwari Harish C , Sangal Renu 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Prevention of maternal deaths is one of our foremost goals to provide safety to motherhood and to avoid loss to the family, society, and the nation. Maternal mortality ratio (MMR) of Uttar Pradesh is very high as compared to national average. Within the state, there is wide variation in MMR. The explanations and answers to these regional variations are complex. This study was planned with the objectives to explore each and every maternal death that had occurred in Baba Raghav Das Medical College in the last 4 years (2011—2014).

Materials and methods
In this study, data were collected from records of all maternal deaths that had occurred in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baba Raghav Das Medical College, Gorakhpur from March 2011 to December 2014. Records of all maternal deaths during this period were scrutinized for socio-demographic profile, obstetric history, antenatal care history, causes of maternal mortality, time trend, geographical or regional distribution, admission and death interval, condition of patients on admission, outcome of pregnancy, and reasons for delay. Records of number of maternal deaths and live births were also collected for previous 11 years (2004—2014).

Results
Maternal mortality ratio has dropped almost six times in the last 11 years. Early age at marriage, illiteracy, poor socioeconomic status, and multiparity were found to be important determinants of maternal mortality and can act as risk factors. The pattern of causes of maternal deaths in this institute (preeclampsia) is different from that found in the community (postpartum hemorrhage). Delay in seeking care because of unawareness and illiteracy and ignorance was found to be the major contributing factor for most of the maternal deaths.

How to cite this article
Shrivastava R, Tiwari HC, Sangal R. A Study on Maternal Mortality in Baba Raghav Das Medical College, Gorakhpur. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2016;8(4):294-298.
A Study on Incidence of Various Systemic Congenital Malformations at Birth in a Tertiary Care Hospital of North Western Rajasthan
Authors: Verma Suniti V , Sehra Ram N 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT

Aims
To study the overall incidence, proportion, and type of congenital malformations in newborns and immediate outcome of anomalous neonates.

Materials and methods
The present study was an observational study. It was carried out between January 2012 to July 2013 among patients admitted to the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, PBM Hospital, Bikaner.

Results
We found that the maximum number of mothers was in the age group of 21 to 25 years (44.9%). Central nervous system (CNS) was the most common anomaly (53.3%), followed by gastrointestinal (GIT) anomaly (13.2%). All three anomalies of respiratory system were diaphragmatic hernia. There were totally 35.7% mothers who had consanguinity. Accuracy of ultrasonography was 71.4%. Out of 167 deliveries, 85 babies were live birth, 79 were still birth, and 3 abortions, in that 92 (55.1%) cases were males while 71 (42.5%) babies were females, and 4 (2.4%) ambiguous genitalia. Maximum number of babies (40.1%) had their birth weight between1.5 and 2.50 kg, while 30.6% babies had their birth weight < 1.5 kg, and 29.3% had their birth weight > 2.5 kg.

Conclusion
The overall incidence of congenital malformation in our study was 1.23%. The most common anomaly was of CNS (53.3%), followed by GIT (13.2%); multiple system (10.2%); musculoskeletal (9%); urogenital (4.8%); respiratory (4.8%); and central venous system (1.25%). Consanguinity (35.3%) was a common associated factor in this study.

Clinical significance
These patients need good counseling, balanced diet with folic acid supplementation, treatment of precipitating factors, regular follow-up in subsequent pregnancies, early screening for congenital malformations, and early termination if an anomaly is present.

How to cite this article
Verma SV, Sehra RN. A Study on Incidence of Various Systemic Congenital Malformations at Birth in a Tertiary Care Hospital of North Western Rajasthan. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2016;8(4):309-313.
Double-outlet of Right Ventricle of Recipient Fetus in Severe Mid-trimester Twin–Twin Transfusion Syndrome
Authors: Panchalee Tachjaree 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
A 37 years old Thai pregnant woman with MCDA twins, para 1, was suspected of severe twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) at 21 weeks’ of gestation. Quintero staging was applied in this cases. Neither of the fetuses exhibited signs of hydrops. Abnormal four-chamber view was demonstrated in a recipient fetus. Two-dimensional and color Doppler showed complex cardiac malformations which include (1) hypoplastic left ventricle, and (2) large atrial septal defect, (3) atretic tricuspid valve, and (4) the blind right atrium communicating with the left atrium through the ostiumprimum defect. For more information, threedimensional (3D) echocardiography was used toreconstruct“thin slab” of the fetal heart and its outflow tracts. A double-outletright ventricle (DORV) was highly suspicious. Congenital cardiac anomaly can decompensate the compromised myocardium of the recipient fetus. In addition to conventional 2D echocardiography, the application of advanced 3D echocardiography with ‘thin slab’ technique can help for the examination of fetal heart.

How to cite this article
Panchalee T, Wataganara T. Doubleoutlet of Right Ventricle of Recipient Fetus in Severe Midtrimester Twin–Twin Transfusion Syndrome. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016;10(4):365-366.
Posttraumatic Nasal Valve Collapse: Is Alar Batten Graft the Answer?
Authors: Das Avinash 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Posttraumatic nasal valve collapse (NVC) is an underdiagnosed cause of nasal obstruction causing significant symptoms and has been treated by various techniques, the results of which have been variable. In our study, alar batten graft (ABG) has been used to strengthen the nasal wall.

Techniques
A prospective interventional study was done on 13 patients of posttraumatic NVC using an ABG to reinforce the ala, and results were measured on the basis of standardized nasal obstruction symptom evaluation (NOSE) and nasal obstruction visual analog scale (NO-VAS) scores at 6 months.

Results
There was a statistically significant improvement in 12 out of 13 patients, with mean improvement of 25.62 on NOSE and 2.4 on NO-VAS scores. There was a visible improvement in the extent of collapse also.

Conclusion
Posttraumatic NVC can be treated effectively using ABG, with significant improvement in standard scores as well as the symptomatology.

How to cite this article
Maggon NV, Sethi A, Das A. Posttraumatic Nasal Valve Collapse: Is Alar Batten Graft the Answer? Clin Rhinol An Int J 2016;9(3):125-129.
Variations in triple isotope composition of dissolved oxygen and primary production in a subtropical reservoir
Authors: Jurikova Hana , Guha Tania , Abe Osamu , Shiah Fuh-Kwo , Wang Chung-Ho , Liang Mao-Chang 
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Lakes and reservoirs play an important role in the carbon cycle, and therefore monitoring their metabolic rates is essential. The triple oxygen-isotope anomaly of dissolved O2 [17Δ =  ln(1+δ17O) − 0.518  ×  ln(1 + δ18O)] offers a new, in situ, perspective on primary production, yet little is known about 17Δ from freshwater systems. We investigated the 17Δ together with the oxygen : argon ratio [Δ(O2 ∕ Ar)] in the subtropical Feitsui Reservoir in Taiwan from June 2014 to July 2015. Here, we present the seasonal variations in 17Δ, GP (gross production), NP (net production) and the NP ∕ GP (net to gross ratio) in association with environmental parameters. The 17Δ varied with depth and season, with values ranging between 26 and 205 per meg. The GP rates were observed to be higher (702 ± 107 mg C m−2 d−1) in winter than those (303 ± 66 mg C m−2 d−1) recorded during the summer. The overall averaged GP was 220 g C m−2 yr−1 and NP was −3 g C m−2 yr−1, implying the reservoir was net heterotrophic on an annual basis. This is due to negative NP rates from October to February (−198 ± 78 mg C m−2 d−1). Comparisons between GP rates obtained from the isotope mass balance approach and 14C bottle incubation method (14C–GP) showed consistent values on the same order of magnitude with a GP ∕ 14C–GP ratio of 1.2 ± 1.1. Finally we noted that, although typhoon occurrences were scarce, higher than average 17Δ values and GP rates were recorded after typhoon events.
Elementos de uma semiótica da narratividade musical
Authors: Hauer Christian 
Published: December 2016

Para responder a questão “a que nível semiótico comunica-se a música ?”, distinguimos três fluxos semióticos da narratividade musical. O primeiro fluxo de narratividade é chamado de “substância”: ele corresponde à narratividade primária, presente em todas as músicas, dentro do próprio som. O segundo fluxo de narratividade musical é chamado de “moldura”: ele corresponde à maneira como é organizado o tempo – problematizado – dentro de uma obra, um estilo, uma época. O terceiro fluxo de narratividade é chamado de “enredo”: ele corresponde à trama de uma obra. Após ter precisado em que isso consiste, graças ao conceito de “tensão narrativa”, nós estudamos sua realização pelo ouvinte, e mais precisamente a interação entre o leitor e o texto, insistindo em três fatores que tornam tal interação possível: a intencionalidade, a embodied simulation e as formas de vitalidade.
Protiprávnost – co je jejím zdrojem v soukromém právu?
Authors: Elischer David 
Published: December 2016

S ohledem na rekodifikaci se objevují názory směřující k přiblížení či dokonce ztotožnění dvou samostatných předpokladů odpovědnosti, a to protiprávnosti se zaviněním. Opírajíce se o vymezení domněnek nedbalosti, zaznívají stanoviska, jak je třeba chápat zavinění, resp. nedbalost a jaký standard posouzení (ryze objektivní, diferencovaně objektivní, subjektivizovaný a ryze subjektivní) má být na ni aplikován. Domnívám se, že nezbytným předpokladem k uvedeným úvahám (a teoretickým řešením) má být rovněž analýza protiprávnosti z hlediska jejího smyslu a funkcí v deliktním systému. Účelem příspěvku je proto – kromě přiblížení komparativního kontextu (Rakousko, Německo, Francie, Švýcarsko, Nizozemí) – rozbor konceptu protiprávnosti v rekodifikované české úpravě se zřetelem k nové textaci generálních klauzulí občanskoprávní odpovědnosti a prevenčních norem. Smyslem analýzy je poukázat na užitečnost důsledného oddělení, resp. rozlišení protiprávnosti a zavinění a na jejich rozdílné funkce v deliktním systému. Mám totiž za to, že zavinění by nemělo splynout s protiprávností, tj. nemělo by se dále významně objektivizovat, a mělo by dále plnit funkci určitého subjektivního korektivu při vzniku občanskoprávní odpovědnosti založené na zavinění.
Vliv vydědění na potomky vyděděného
Authors: Talanda Adam , Talandová Iveta 
Published: December 2016

Příspěvek se zabývá úpravou vydědění obsaženou v občanském zákoníku, a to především možností zůstavitele vztáhnout vydědění na potomky vyděděného. Současná úprava umožňuje zůstaviteli vztáhnout vydědění také na potomky vyděděného, avšak rozlišuje přitom, zda vyděděný zůstavitele přežil či nikoli. Zároveň ale formulace zákona směřuje toliko k vyloučení potomků vyděděného z jejich práva na dědický podíl, ne už z práva na povinný díl. Rozdílná úprava platí u dědické nezpůsobilosti, která se vztahuje jen na dědicky nezpůsobilého dědice a nikoli na jeho potomky, přestože se jedná o srovnatelnou situaci.
Svěřenský fond jako nástroj vhodný ke správě výživného určeného k tvorbě úspor
Authors: Grochová Martina , Vitoul Vlastimil 
Published: December 2016

Příspěvek pojednává o institutu výživného určeného k tvorbě úspor, jeho smyslu a účelovém určení takto naspořených částek. Autoři se zamýšlí nad úskalími spojenými se současnou úpravou správy takto naspořených částech. Příspěvek představuje institut svěřenského fondu jakožto flexibilní nástroj vhodný pro efektivní správu majetku. Demonstruje jaké výhody by mohla přinést možnost využití svěřenského fondu pro správu výživného určeného k tvorbě úspor.
Aktuální stav, právní předpoklady a východiska soukromoprávního vymáhání škody způsobené porušením soutěžního práva v ČR
Authors: Kubeša Tomáš 
Published: December 2016

V dubnu 2014 byla přijata nová směrnice o soukromoprávním vymáhání škody z porušení soutěžního práva. Tato směrnice má za cíl zlepšit podmínky pro soukromoprávní žaloby v této oblasti. Přesto, že před českými soudy probíhá řada řízení v těchto věcech, stále nejsou k dispozici žádná pravomocná rozhodnutí. Tento článek se pokouší porovnat nové nástroje, zaváděné směrnicí s již existujícími nástroji, použitelnými žalobci pro vymáhání škody. Článek se také pokouší předpovědět, zdali nová směrnice bude dostatečnou pobídkou, vedoucí ke zvýšení počtu a úspěšnosti žalob na náhradu škody v soutěžních věcech.
Reappraisal of Europe’s most complete Early Cretaceous plesiosaurian:Brancasaurus brancaiWegner, 1914 from the “Wealden facies” of Germany
Authors: Sachs Sven , Hornung Jahn J. , Kear Benjamin P. 
Published: December 2016

The holotype ofBrancasaurus brancaiis one of the most historically famous and anatomically complete Early Cretaceous plesiosaurian fossils. It derived from the Gerdemann & Co. brickworks clay pit near Gronau (Westfalen) in North Rhine-Westphalia, northwestern Germany. Stratigraphically this locality formed part of the classic European “Wealden facies,” but is now more formally attributed to the upper-most strata of the Bückeberg Group (upper Berriasian). Since its initial description in 1914, the type skeleton ofB. brancaihas suffered damage both during, and after WWII. Sadly, these mishaps have resulted in the loss of substantial information, in particular many structures of the cranium and limb girdles, which are today only evidenced from published text and/or illustrations. This non-confirmable data has, however, proven crucial for determining the relationships ofB. brancaiwithin Plesiosauria: either as an early long-necked elasmosaurid, or a member of the controversial Early Cretaceous leptocleidid radiation. To evaluate these competing hypotheses and compile an updated osteological compendium, we undertook a comprehensive examination of the holotype as it is now preserved, and also assessed other Bückeberg Group plesiosaurian fossils to establish a morphological hypodigm. Phylogenetic simulations using the most species-rich datasets of Early Cretaceous plesiosaurians incorporating revised scores forB. brancai, together with a second recently named Bückeberg Group plesiosaurianGronausaurus wegneri(Hampe, 2013), demonstrated that referral of these taxa to Leptocleididae was not unanimous, and that the topological stability of this clade is tenuous. In addition, the trait combinations manifested byB. brancaiandG. wegneriwere virtually identical. We therefore conclude that these monotypic individuals are ontogenetic morphs andG. wegneriis a junior synonym ofB. brancai. Finally, anomalies detected in the diagnostic features for other “Wealden” plesiosaurians have prompted reconsiderations of interspecies homology versus intraspecific variability. We therefore propose that the still unresolved taxonomy ofB. brancaishould emphasize only those character states evident in the examinable fossil material, and specifically accommodate for growth-related modifications delimited via osteologically mature referred specimens.
Culturable bioaerosols along an urban waterfront are primarily associated with coarse particles
Authors: Montero Angel , Dueker M. Elias , O’Mullan Gregory D. 
Published: December 2016

The source, characteristics and transport of viable microbial aerosols in urban centers are topics of significant environmental and public health concern. Recent studies have identified adjacent waterways, and especially polluted waterways, as an important source of microbial aerosols to urban air. The size of these aerosols influences how far they travel, their resistance to environmental stress, and their inhalation potential. In this study, we utilize a cascade impactor and aerosol particle monitor to characterize the size distribution of particles and culturable bacterial and fungal aerosols along the waterfront of a New York City embayment. We seek to address the potential contribution of bacterial aerosols from local sources and to determine how their number, size distribution, and taxonomic identity are affected by wind speed and wind direction (onshore vs. offshore). Total culturable microbial counts were higher under offshore winds (average of 778 CFU/m3± 67), with bacteria comprising the majority of colonies (58.5%), as compared to onshore winds (580 CFU/m3± 110) where fungi were dominant (87.7%). The majority of cultured bacteria and fungi sampled during both offshore winds (88%) and onshore winds (72%) were associated with coarse aerosols (>2.1 µm), indicative of production from local sources. There was a significant correlation (p < 0.05) of wind speed with both total and coarse culturable microbial aerosol concentrations. Taxonomic analysis, based on DNA sequencing, showed that Actinobacteria was the dominant phylum among aerosol isolates. In particular,StreptomycesandBacillus, both spore forming genera that are often soil-associated, were abundant under both offshore and onshore wind conditions. Comparisons of bacterial communities present in the bioaerosol sequence libraries revealed that particle size played an important role in microbial aerosol taxonomy. Onshore and offshore coarse libraries were found to be most similar. This study demonstrates that the majority of culturable bacterial aerosols along a New York City waterfront were associated with coarse aerosol particles, highlighting the importance of local sources, and that the taxonomy of culturable aerosol bacteria differed by size fraction and wind direction.
SPCZ zonal events and downstream influence on surface ocean conditions in the Indonesian Throughflow region
Authors: Linsley Braddock K. , Wu Henry C. , Rixen Tim , Charles Christopher D. , Gordon Arnold L. , Moore Michael D. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractSeasonal surface freshening of the Makassar Strait, the main conduit of the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF), is a key factor controlling the ITF. Here we present a 262 year reconstruction of seasonal sea‐surface‐salinity variability from 1742 to 2004 Common Era by using coral δ18O records from the central Makassar Strait. Our record reveals persistent seasonal freshening and also years with significant truncations of seasonal freshening that correlate exactly with South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ) zonal events >4000 km to the east. During these events, the SPCZ dramatically rotates ~15° north to near the equator and stronger westward flowing South Pacific boundary currents force higher‐salinity water through the Makassar Strait in February–May halting the normal seasonal freshening in the strait. By these teleconnections, our Makassar coral δ18O series provides the first record of the recurrence interval of these zonal SPCZ events and demonstrates that they have occurred on a semiregular basis since the mid‐1700s.