bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The rise and fall and rise again of the therapeutic community
Authors: Yates Rowdy 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
Therapeutic communities (and many other residential services) have been effectively marginalised in recent years with the increasing popularity of community-based outpatient responses to a variety of social issues including addiction, learning difficulties, mental health issues, etc. The paper aims to discuss this issue.

Design/methodology/approach
This has inevitably led to a low profile and has resulted in a lack of knowledge about therapeutic communities and how the methodology differs significantly from other approaches.

Findings
This situation is beginning to change in a number of fields and it is important that the therapeutic community movement adapts its methodology to the needs of their respective client groups and clarifies its approach (and the efficacy of that approach) to funders and service commissioners.

Originality/value
This paper is a personal contribution.
What can systemic psychotherapy offer clinical practice and public debates on assisted dying?
Authors: Forbat Liz 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDebates around assisted dying have not to date been informed by family and systemic psychotherapy.This article sets the context of legalized assisted dying with a précis of the international terrain. Case examples of people facing terminal or chronic illness are presented alongside the research literature, to illustrate the bio‐psycho‐social domains inhabited by those seeking assisted dying. The article then presents a case for what systemic psychotherapy has to offer, suggesting a range of approaches, methods and techniques. Following core tenets of systemic psychotherapy, the article is not predicated on an either/or standpoint. Rather, neutrality and curiosity are centralized, to facilitate discussion, debate and new insights.The article concludes that systemic psychotherapists have a latent and untapped skill‐set in understanding the repercussions of someone who wants assisted dying. The profession can usefully contribute to and explicate understandings regarding the wider systemic reverberations of one person's desire to end their life, including the impact on family, clinicians and communities. Further, systemic practitioners can draw on specific family therapy theories and methods in order to both contribute to public debates, and to be key members of a multidisciplinary team providing direct support for families affected by assisted dying.Practitioner points

Assisted dying debates have not been informed by family and systemic psychotherapy
Assisted dying is a systemic issue, with impacts on the individual, their family, clinicians and communities
Systemic practitioners can draw on family therapy theories and methods to contribute to public debates, and be key members of a multidisciplinary team
The core tenets of neutrality and curiosity can fruitfully facilitate discussion, debate and new insights
EU‐wide Economic and Environmental Impacts of CAP Greening with High Spatial and Farm‐type Detail
Authors: Gocht Alexander , Ciaian Pavel , Bielza Maria , Terres Jean‐Michel , Röder Norbert , Himics Mihaly , Salputra Guna 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn this paper we analyse the economic and environmental impacts of CAP greening introduced by the 2013 CAP reform using the CAPRI model. CAPRI captures the farm heterogeneity across the EU and it allows to depict the implementation of the greening measures in high detail while integrating the environmental effects and the market feedback of the simulated policy changes. The simulated results reveal that the economic impacts (land use, production, price and income) of CAP greening are rather small, although some farm types, crops (fallow land and pulses) and Member States may be affected more significantly. The CAP greening will lead simultaneously to a small increase in prices and a small decrease in production. Farm income slightly increases because the price effects offset the production decline. Similarly to economic effects, the environmental impacts (GHG emissions, N surplus, ammonia emissions, soil erosion, and biodiversity‐friendly farming practices) of CAP greening are small, although some regions may see greater effects than others. In general, the environmental effects at EU level are positive on a per hectare basis, but the increase in UAA can reverse the sign for total impacts. Overall, simulated GHG and ammonia emissions decrease in the EU, while the total N surplus, soil erosion and biodiversity‐friendly farming practices indicator slightly increase due to the CAP greening.
Intensive care unit admissions and ventilation support in infants with bronchiolitis
Authors: Oakley Ed , Chong Vi , Borland Meredith , Neutze Jocelyn , Phillips Natalie , Krieser David , Dalziel Stuart , Davidson Andrew , Donath Susan , Jachno Kim , South Mike , Fry Amanda , Babl Franz E 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the rate of intensive care unit (ICU) admission, type of ventilation support provided and risk factors for ICU admission in infants with bronchiolitis.DesignRetrospective review of hospital records and Australia and New Zealand Paediatric Intensive Care (ANZPIC) registry data for infants 2–12 months old admitted with bronchiolitis.SettingSeven Australian and New Zealand hospitals. These infants were prospectively identified through the comparative rehydration in bronchiolitis (CRIB) study between 2009 and 2011.ResultsOf 3884 infants identified, 3589 charts were available for analysis. Of 204 (5.7%) infants with bronchiolitis admitted to ICU, 162 (79.4%) received ventilation support. Of those 133 (82.1%) received non‐invasive ventilation (high flow nasal cannula [HFNC] or continuous positive airway pressure [CPAP]) 7 (4.3%) received invasive ventilation alone and 21 (13.6%) received a combination of ventilation modes. Infants with comorbidities such as chronic lung disease (OR 1.6 [95% CI 1.0–2.6]), congenital heart disease (OR 2.3 [1.5–3.5]), neurological disease (OR 2.2 [1.2–4.1]) or prematurity (OR 1.5 [1.0–2.1]), and infants 2–6 months of age (OR 1.5 [1.1–2.0]) were more likely to be admitted to ICU. Respiratory syncitial virus positivity did not increase the likelihood of being admitted to ICU (OR 1.1 [95% CI 0.8–1.4]). HFNC use changed from 13/53 (24.5% [95% CI 13.7–38.3]) patient episodes in 2009 to 39/91 (42.9% [95% CI 32.5–53.7]) patient episodes in 2011.ConclusionAdmission to ICU is an uncommon occurrence in infants admitted with bronchiolitis, but more common in infants with comorbidities and prematurity. The majority are managed with non‐invasive ventilation, with increasing use of HFNC.
Police Consent Decrees and Section 1983 Civil Rights Litigation
Authors: Powell Zachary A. , Meitl Michele Bisaccia , Worrall John L. 
Published: May 2017

Research SummarySection 14141 of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 granted the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) the authority to investigate, intervene into, and force reforms within any police department deemed to exhibit a pattern or practice of police misconduct. The DOJ's primary enforcement mechanism is to sue the offending jurisdiction. Such lawsuits are typically settled with “consent decrees” or court‐ordered legal agreements to implement specified reforms. We assembled a panel data set to explore the relationship between consent decrees and civil rights litigation in 23 targeted jurisdictions. The results suggest that DOJ intervention may be associated with modest reductions in the risk of civil rights filings.Policy ImplicationsFederal consent decrees are pursued under the assumption that they reduce civil rights violations, yet this assumption has remained largely untested. Such oversight is unfortunate, as it is important to gauge the effectiveness of time‐consuming and expensive federal intervention into local law enforcement affairs. Our study offers preliminary evidence that consent decrees may reduce civil rights violations, as operationalized by Section 1983 litigation, an indicator of police misconduct. Reductions in such filings may signal increased satisfaction with police agencies and a move toward reduced systemic police misconduct. As such, consent decrees should continue to be considered as a possible tool for correcting problematic police departments, but additional research in this area is critical.
The Impact of Police on Criminal Justice Reform
Authors: Engel Robin S. , Corsaro Nicholas , Ozer M. Murat 
Published: May 2017

Research SummaryDespite significant national reductions in crime during the past three decades, a comparable reduction in adult arrest rates has not occurred. In addition, scant attention has been paid to the role of the police in pretrial justice and other criminal justice reform efforts, despite their role as gatekeepers to the criminal justice system. A key inquiry that must be addressed by both academics and practitioners is whether it is possible to reduce crime and the number of arrests simultaneously. Cincinnati (Hamilton County), Ohio, provided a unique opportunity to examine this unanswered question when it closed the Queensgate Correctional Facility in 2008, thereby reducing the available jail space in the county by 36%. By relying on an interrupted time‐series analysis, our findings show that contrary to public concern, both crime and arrests were reduced in Cincinnati even after the jail closure. Specifically, the Cincinnati Police Department reported a statistically significant decrease in felony arrests, and a nonsignificant decline in misdemeanor arrests, while maintaining a continued (nonsignificant) decline in violence and property crimes. Importantly, our findings demonstrate that the previous existent downward trend in Cincinnati reported crimes was not interrupted with the loss of more than one third of the available jail space in Hamilton County.Policy ImplicationsPolicy makers and practitioners are concerned with balancing the individual rights of the accused with public safety; reducing incarceration; and promoting a more efficient, effective, and fair criminal justice system. The Cincinnati Police Department addressed these fundamental concerns by changing how officers viewed the use of arrest: as a limited commodity rather than as a standard response. By using strategies such as problem‐oriented policing, place‐based policing, and focused deterrence, Cincinnati Police were able to narrow their focus on the repeat places, problems, and groups of individuals that were driving crime within the city. The evidence suggests that the police can have a significant impact on pretrial justice and other criminal justice reform efforts through the implementation of evidence‐based policing strategies that seek to reduce crime and reduce the use of arrest simultaneously.
Risk of eating disorders in immigrant populations
Authors: Mustelin L. , Hedman A. M. , Thornton L. M. , Kuja‐Halkola R. , Keski‐Rahkonen A. , Cantor‐Graae E. , Almqvist C. , Birgegård A. , Lichtenstein P. , Mortensen P. B. , Pedersen C. B. , Bulik C. M. 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveThe risk of certain psychiatric disorders is elevated among immigrants. To date, no population studies on immigrant health have addressed eating disorders. We examined whether risk of eating disorders in first‐ and second‐generation immigrants differs from native‐born Danes and Swedes.MethodAll individuals born 1984–2002 (Danish cohort) and 1989–1999 (Swedish cohort) and residing in the respective country on their 10th birthday were included. They were followed up for the development of eating disorders based on out‐patient and in‐patient data.ResultsThe risks of all eating disorder types were lower among first‐generation immigrants compared to the native populations: Incidence‐rate ratio (95% confidence interval) was 0.39 (0.29, 0.51) for anorexia nervosa, 0.60 (0.42, 0.83) for bulimia nervosa, and 0.62 (0.47, 0.79) for other eating disorders in Denmark and 0.27 (0.21, 0.34) for anorexia nervosa, 0.30 (0.18, 0.51) for bulimia nervosa, and 0.39 (0.32, 0.47) for other eating disorders in Sweden. Likewise, second‐generation immigrants by both parents were at lower risk, whereas those with only one foreign‐born parent were not.ConclusionThe decreased risk of eating disorders among immigrants is opposite to what has been observed for other psychiatric disorders, particularly schizophrenia. Possible explanations include buffering sociocultural factors and underdetection in health care.
Substance use disorders in prisoners: an updated systematic review and meta‐regression analysis in recently incarcerated men and women
Authors: Fazel Seena , Yoon Isabel A. , Hayes Adrian J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimsThe aims were to (1) estimate the prevalence of alcohol and drug use disorders in prisoners on reception to prison and (2) estimate and test sources of between study heterogeneity.MethodsStudies reporting the 12‐month prevalence of alcohol and drug use disorders in prisoners on reception to prison from 1 January 1966 to 11 August 2015 were identified from seven bibliographic indexes. Primary studies involving clinical interviews or validated instruments leading to DSM or ICD diagnoses were included; self‐report surveys and investigations that assessed individuals more than 3 months after arrival to prison were not. Random‐effects meta‐analysis and subgroup and meta‐regression analyses were conducted. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed.ResultsIn total, 24 studies with a total of 18 388 prisoners across 10 countries were identified. The random‐effects pooled prevalence estimate of alcohol use disorder was 24% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 21–27], with very high heterogeneity (I2 = 94%). These ranged from 16 to 51% in male and 10–30% in female prisoners. For drug use disorders, there was evidence of heterogeneity by sex, and the pooled prevalence estimate in male prisoners was 30% (95% CI = 22–38; I2 = 98%; 13 studies; range 10–61%) and, in female prisoners, was 51% (95% CI = 43–58; I2 = 95%; 10 studies; range 30–69%). On meta‐regression, sources of heterogeneity included higher prevalence of drug use disorders in women, increasing rates of drug use disorders in recent decades, and participation rate.ConclusionsSubstance use disorders are highly prevalent in prisoners. Approximately a quarter of newly incarcerated prisoners of both sexes had an alcohol use disorder, and the prevalence of a drug use disorder was at least as high in men, and higher in women.
The effectiveness of an intervention to reduce alcohol‐related violence in premises licensed for the sale and on‐site consumption of alcohol: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Moore Simon C. , Alam M. Fasihul , Heikkinen Marjukka , Hood Kerenza , Huang Chao , Moore Laurence , Murphy Simon , Playle Rebecca , Shepherd Jonathan , Shovelton Claire , Sivarajasingam Vaseekaran , Williams Anne 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackground and AimsPremises licensed for the sale and consumption of alcohol can contribute to levels of assault‐related injury through poor operational practices that, if addressed, could reduce violence. We tested the real‐world effectiveness of an intervention designed to change premises operation, whether any intervention effect changed over time, and the effect of intervention dose.DesignA parallel randomized controlled trial with the unit of allocation and outcomes measured at the level of individual premises.SettingAll premises (public houses, nightclubs or hotels with a public bar) in Wales, UK.ParticipantsA randomly selected subsample (n = 600) of eligible premises (that had one or more violent incidents recorded in police‐recorded crime data; n = 837) were randomized into control and intervention groups.Intervention and comparatorIntervention premises were audited by Environmental Health Practitioners who identified risks for violence and provided feedback by varying dose (informal, through written advice, follow‐up visits) on how risks could be addressed. Control premises received usual practice.MeasurementsPolice data were used to derive a binary variable describing whether, on each day premises were open, one or more violent incidents were evident over a 455‐day period following randomization.FindingsDue to premises being unavailable at the time of intervention delivery 208 received the intervention and 245 were subject to usual practice in an intention‐to‐treat analysis. The intervention was associated with an increase in police recorded violence compared to normal practice (hazard ratio = 1.34, 95% confidence interval = 1.20–1.51). Exploratory analyses suggested that reduced violence was associated with greater intervention dose (follow‐up visits).ConclusionAn Environmental Health Practitioner‐led intervention in premises licensed for the sale and on‐site consumption of alcohol resulted in an increase in police recorded violence.
CXCL10 and IL‐6: Markers of two different forms of intra‐amniotic inflammation in preterm labor
Authors: Romero Roberto , Chaemsaithong Piya , Chaiyasit Noppadol , Docheva Nikolina , Dong Zhong , Kim Chong Jai , Kim Yeon Mee , Kim Jung‐Sun , Qureshi Faisal , Jacques Suzanne M. , Yoon Bo Hyun , Chaiworapongsa Tinnakorn , Yeo Lami , Hassan Sonia S. , Erez Offer , Korzeniewski Steven J. 
Published: May 2017

ProblemTo determine whether amniotic fluid (AF) CXCL10 concentration is associated with histologic chronic chorioamnionitis in patients with preterm labor (PTL) and preterm prelabor rupture of the membranes (PROM).Method of StudyThis study included 168 women who had an episode of PTL or preterm PROM. AF interleukin (IL)‐6 and CXCL10 concentrations were determined by immunoassay.Results(i) Increased AF CXCL10 concentration was associated with chronic (OR: 4.8; 95% CI: 1.7‐14), but not acute chorioamnionitis; (ii) increased AF IL‐6 concentration was associated with acute (OR: 4.2; 95% CI: 1.3‐13.7) but not chronic chorioamnionitis; and (iii) an increase in AF CXCL10 concentration was associated with placental lesions consistent with maternal anti‐fetal rejection (OR: 3.7; 95% CI: 1.3‐10.4). (iv) All patients with elevated AF CXCL10 and IL‐6 delivered preterm.ConclusionIncreased AF CXCL10 concentration is associated with chronic chorioamnionitis or maternal anti‐fetal rejection, whereas increased AF IL‐6 concentration is associated with acute histologic chorioamnionitis.
Peripartum cytokine flares in a multiethnic cohort of chronic hepatitis B carriers does not correlate with hepatitis B virus suppression or increased risk of liver disease
Authors: Joshi Shivali S. , Wong Daniel , Castillo Eliana , Swain Mark G. , Coffin Carla S. 
Published: May 2017

ProblemIn chronic hepatitis B (CHB) carriers, alanine transaminase (ALT) flares are common in the peripartum period. There are limited data on immunological changes of pregnancy in CHB. We hypothesize that in pregnant CHB carriers, the Th1/Th2 cytokine ratio is altered resulting in changes in biochemical/virological and liver fibrosis markers.Study methodsSerum from 38 pregnant/post‐partum CHB carriers (median age 32 years, 53% Asian, 8 HBeAg+) was tested for HBV DNA, quantitative HBV surface antigen, ALT and liver fibrosis by transient elastography (TE). Serum cytokines were analyzed using a Luminex assay.ResultsUntreated CHB cases had mild ALT flares post‐partum, but showed normal TE, and no change in viral markers despite increased Th1 cytokines compared to healthy controls (P<.05).ConclusionCHB carriers show increased Th1 cytokines in the peripartum period albeit with no effect on viral load or liver disease suggesting an aborted antiviral immune response.
Allergen immunotherapy for allergic asthma: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Dhami S. , Kakourou A. , Asamoah F. , Agache I. , Lau S. , Jutel M. , Muraro A. , Roberts G. , Akdis C. A. , Bonini M. , Cavkaytar O. , Flood B. , Gajdanowicz P. , Izuhara K. , Kalayci Ö. , Mosges R. , Palomares O. , Pfaar O. , Smolinska S. , Sokolowska M. , Asaria M. , Netuveli G. , Zaman H. , Akhlaq A. , Sheikh A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundTo inform the development of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology's (EAACI) Guidelines on Allergen Immunotherapy (AIT) for allergic asthma, we assessed the evidence on the effectiveness, cost‐effectiveness and safety of AIT.MethodsWe performed a systematic review, which involved searching nine databases. Studies were screened against predefined eligibility criteria and critically appraised using established instruments. Data were synthesized using random‐effects meta‐analyses.Results98 studies satisfied the inclusion criteria. Short‐term symptom scores were reduced with a standardized mean difference (SMD) of −1.11 (95% CI −1.66, −0.56). This was robust to a prespecified sensitivity analyses, but there was evidence suggestive of publication bias. Short‐term medication scores were reduced SMD −1.21 (95% CI −1.87, −0.54), again with evidence of potential publication bias. There was no reduction in short‐term combined medication and symptom scores SMD 0.17 (95% CI −0.23, 0.58), but one study showed a beneficial long‐term effect.For secondary outcomes, subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) improved quality of life and decreased allergen‐specific airway hyperreactivity (AHR), but this was not the case for sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT). There were no consistent effects on asthma control, exacerbations, lung function, and nonspecific AHR.AIT resulted in a modest increased risk of adverse events (AEs). Although relatively uncommon, systemic AEs were more frequent with SCIT; however no fatalities were reported.The limited evidence on cost‐effectiveness was mainly available for sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) and this suggested that SLIT is likely to be cost‐effective.ConclusionsAIT can achieve substantial reductions in short‐term symptom and medication scores in allergic asthma. It was however associated with a modest increased risk of systemic and local AEs. More data are needed in relation to secondary outcomes, longer‐term effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness.
Comparison of 5‐year oncological outcomes of breast cancer based on surgery type
Authors: Lee Jeeyeon , Jung Jin Hyang , Kim Wan Wook , Chae Yee Soo , Lee Soo Jung , Park Ho Yong 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundA standardized classification system for breast surgery that incorporates oncoplastic techniques is needed. We classified the surgical techniques for breast cancer treatment into five groups according to the extent of surgery and reconstructive methods, i.e. conventional breast‐conserving surgery, partial mastectomy with volume displacement, partial mastectomy with volume replacement, simple mastectomy and total mastectomy with immediate reconstruction. We then evaluated the oncological outcomes for each of the five groups.MethodsWe analysed clinical data and 5‐year oncological results from patients with breast cancer who underwent breast surgery with reconstruction between 2008 and 2013. Local recurrence, distant metastasis and overall survival were investigated.ResultsIn total, 1469 patients had 1504 breast surgeries performed with a mean follow‐up of 72.40 ± 16.76 months. There were 35 cases (2.3%) of locoregional recurrence and 85 cases (5.7%) of distant metastasis, and the 5‐year overall survival rate was 98.6%. No statistically significant differences were observed in local recurrence, distant metastasis or death among the five surgical technique groups (P = 0.218, 0.518 and 0.450, respectively).ConclusionOncological outcomes among all patients and within each surgical technique group were excellent during the 5‐year follow‐up period. No significant differences in oncological results were observed among the five surgical technique groups.