bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Is Not Necessary for Spatial Working Memory
Authors: Mackey Wayne E. , Devinsky Orrin , Doyle Werner K. , Meager Michael R. , Curtis Clayton E. 
Published: March 2016

A dominant theory, based on electrophysiological and lesion evidence from nonhuman primate studies, posits that the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) stores and maintains working memory (WM) representations. Yet, neuroimaging studies have consistently failed to translate these results to humans; these studies normally find that neural activity persists in the human precentral sulcus (PCS) during WM delays. Here, we attempt to resolve this discrepancy. To test the degree to which dlPFC is necessary for WM, we compared the performance of patients with dlPFC lesions and neurologically healthy controls on a memory-guided saccade task that was used in the monkey studies to measure spatial WM. We found that dlPFC damage only impairs the accuracy of memory-guided saccades if the damage impacts the PCS; lesions to dorsolateral dlPFC that spare the PCS have no effect on WM. These results identify the necessary subregion of the frontal cortex for WM and specify how this influential animal model of human cognition must be revised.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHigh-level cognition depends on working memory (WM) as a critical building block, and many symptoms of psychiatric disorders may be the direct result of impaired WM. Canonical theory posits a critical role for the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) in WM based on studies of nonhuman primates. However, we find that spatial WM in humans is intact after dlPFC damage unless it impacts the more caudal PCS. Therefore, the human dlPFC is not necessary for spatial WM and highlights the need for careful translation of animal models of human cognition.
Age-Related Changes in d-Aspartate Oxidase Promoter Methylation Control Extracellular d-Aspartate Levels and Prevent Precocious Cell Death during Brain Aging
Authors: Punzo Daniela , Errico Francesco , Cristino Luigia , Sacchi Silvia , Keller Simona , Belardo Carmela , Luongo Livio , Nuzzo Tommaso , Imperatore Roberta , Florio Ermanno , De Novellis Vito , Affinito Ornella , Migliarini Sara , Maddaloni Giacomo , Sisalli Maria Josè , Pasqualetti Massimo , Pollegioni Loredano , Maione Sabatino , Chiariotti Lorenzo , Usiello Alessandro 
Published: March 2016

The endogenous NMDA receptor (NMDAR) agonistd-aspartate occurs transiently in the mammalian brain because it is abundant during embryonic and perinatal phases before drastically decreasing during adulthood. It is well established that postnatal reduction of cerebrald-aspartate levels is due to the concomitant onset ofd-aspartate oxidase (DDO) activity, a flavoenzyme that selectively degrades bicarboxylicd-amino acids. In the present work, we show thatd-aspartate content in the mouse brain drastically decreases after birth, whereasDdomRNA levels concomitantly increase. Interestingly, postnatalDdogene expression is paralleled by progressive demethylation within its putative promoter region. Consistent with an epigenetic control onDdoexpression, treatment with the DNA-demethylating agent, azacitidine, causes increased mRNA levels in embryonic cortical neurons. To indirectly evaluate the effect of a putative persistentDdogene hypermethylation in the brain, we usedDdoknock-out mice (Ddo−/−), which show constitutively suppressedDdoexpression. In these mice, we found for the first time substantially increased extracellular content ofd-aspartate in the brain. In line with detrimental effects produced by NMDAR overstimulation, persistent elevation ofd-aspartate levels inDdo−/−brains is associated with appearance of dystrophic microglia, precocious caspase-3 activation, and cell death in cortical pyramidal neurons and dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta. This evidence, along with the early accumulation of lipufuscin granules inDdo−/−brains, highlights an unexpected importance ofDdodemethylation in preventing neurodegenerative processes produced by nonphysiological extracellular levels of freed-aspartate.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe enzymed-aspartate oxidase (DDO) catalyzes the degradation of the NMDA receptor agonist,d-aspartate. In the brain, DDO is expressed only during postnatal life, thus reducing the embryonic storage ofd-aspartate and keeping thisd-amino acid at low levels during adulthood. Although the presence of DDO in mammals is long established, its biological role in the brain and the mechanism regulating its expression are still unclear. Here, we found thatDdopromoter demethylation enables the postnatal expression ofDdo. Moreover, persistent suppression ofDdoexpression leads to persistent spillover of extracellulard-aspartate and produces precocious cell death in the mouse brain, thus suggesting a key role for DDO in preventing early neurodegeneration triggered by excessive NMDA receptor stimulation.
Ghrelin-AMPK Signaling Mediates the Neuroprotective Effects of Calorie Restriction in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Bayliss Jacqueline A. , Lemus Moyra B. , Stark Romana , Santos Vanessa V. , Thompson Aiysha , Rees Daniel J. , Galic Sandra , Elsworth John D. , Kemp Bruce E. , Davies Jeffrey S. , Andrews Zane B. 
Published: March 2016

Calorie restriction (CR) is neuroprotective in Parkinson's disease (PD) although the mechanisms are unknown. In this study we hypothesized that elevated ghrelin, a gut hormone with neuroprotective properties, during CR prevents neurodegeneration in an 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) model of PD. CR attenuated the MPTP-induced loss of substantia nigra (SN) dopamine neurons and striatal dopamine turnover in ghrelin WT but not KO mice, demonstrating that ghrelin mediates CR's neuroprotective effect. CR elevated phosphorylated AMPK and ACC levels in the striatum of WT but not KO mice suggesting that AMPK is a target for ghrelin-induced neuroprotection. Indeed, exogenous ghrelin significantly increased pAMPK in the SN. Genetic deletion of AMPKβ1 and 2 subunits only in dopamine neurons prevented ghrelin-induced AMPK phosphorylation and neuroprotection. Hence, ghrelin signaling through AMPK in SN dopamine neurons mediates CR's neuroprotective effects. We consider targeting AMPK in dopamine neurons may recapitulate neuroprotective effects of CR without requiring dietary intervention.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe neuroprotective mechanisms of calorie restriction (CR) in Parkinson's disease are unknown. Indeed, the difficulty to adhere to CR necessitates an alternative method to recapitulate the neuroprotective benefits of CR while bypassing dietary constraints. Here we show that CR increases plasma ghrelin, which targets substantia nigra dopamine to maintain neuronal survival. Selective deletion on AMPK beta1 and beta2 subunits only in DAT cre-expressing neurons shows that the ghrelin-induced neuroprotection requires activation of AMPK in substantia nigra dopamine neurons. We have discovered ghrelin as a key metabolic signal, and AMPK in dopamine neurons as its target, which links calorie restriction with neuroprotection in Parkinson's disease. Thus, targeting AMPK in dopamine neurons may provide novel neuroprotective benefits in Parkinson's disease.
The transcriptional coactivator Bob1 promotes the development of follicular T helper cells via Bcl6
Authors: Stauss Dennis , Brunner Cornelia , Berberich‐Siebelt Friederike , Höpken Uta E , Lipp Martin , Müller Gerd 
Published: March 2016

AbstractFollicular T helper (Tfh) cells are key regulators of the germinal center reaction and long‐term humoral immunity. Tfh cell differentiation requires the sustained expression of the transcriptional repressor Bcl6; however, its regulation in CD4+ T cells is incompletely understood. Here, we report that the transcriptional coactivator Bob1, encoded by the Pou2af1 gene, promotes Bcl6 expression and Tfh cell development. We found that Bob1 together with the octamer transcription factors Oct1/Oct2 can directly bind to and transactivate the Bcl6 and Btla promoters. Mixed bone marrow chimeras revealed that Bob1 is required for the expression of normal levels of Bcl6 and BTLA, thereby controlling the pool size and composition of the Tfh compartment in a T cell‐intrinsic manner. Our data indicate that T cell‐expressed Bob1 is directly involved in Tfh cell differentiation and required for mounting normal T cell‐dependent B‐cell responses.
Interventions To Prevent Retinopathy of Prematurity: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Fang Jennifer L. , Sorita Atsushi , Carey William A. , Colby Christopher E. , Murad M. Hassan , Alahdab Fares 
Published: March 2016

CONTEXT:The effectiveness of many interventions aimed at reducing the risk of retinopathy has not been well established.OBJECTIVE:To estimate the effectiveness of nutritional interventions, oxygen saturation targeting, blood transfusion management, and infection prevention on the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).DATA SOURCES:A comprehensive search of several databases was conducted, including Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Scopus through March 2014.STUDY SELECTION:We included studies that evaluated nutritional interventions, management of supplemental oxygen, blood transfusions, or infection reduction and reported the incidence of ROP and mortality in neonates born at &lt;32 weeks.DATA EXTRACTION:We extracted patient characteristics, interventions, and risk of bias indicators. Outcomes of interest were any stage ROP, severe ROP or ROP requiring treatment, and mortality.RESULTS:We identified 67 studies enrolling 21 819 infants. Lower oxygen saturation targets reduced the risk of developing any stage ROP (relative risk [RR] 0.86, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.77–0.97) and severe ROP or ROP requiring intervention (RR 0.58, 95% CI, 0.45–0.74) but increased mortality (RR 1.15, 95% CI, 1.04–1.29). Aggressive parenteral nutrition reduced the risk of any stage ROP but not severe ROP. Supplementation of vitamin A, E, or inositol and breast milk feeding were beneficial but only in observational studies. Use of transfusion guidelines, erythropoietin, and antifungal agents were not beneficial.LIMITATIONS:Results of observational studies were not replicated in randomized trials. Interventions were heterogeneous across studies.CONCLUSIONS:At the present time, there are no safe interventions supported with high quality evidence to prevent severe ROP.
A Bootstrapping-based Method to Automatically Identify Data-usage Statements in Publications
Authors: Zhang Qiuzi , Cheng Qikai , Huang Yong , Lu Wei 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

Purpose
Our study proposes a bootstrapping-based method to automatically extract data-usage statements from academic texts.

Design/methodology/approach
The method for data-usage statements extraction starts with seed entities and iteratively learns patterns and data-usage statements from unlabeled text. In each iteration, new patterns are constructed and added to the pattern list based on their calculated score. Three seed-selection strategies are also proposed in this paper.

Findings
The performance of the method is verified by means of experiments on real data collected from computer science journals. The results show that the method can achieve satisfactory performance regarding precision of extraction and extensibility of obtained patterns.

Research limitations
While the triple representation of sentences is effective and efficient for extracting data-usage statements, it is unable to handle complex sentences. Additional features that can address complex sentences should thus be explored in the future.

Practical implications
Data-usage statements extraction is beneficial for data-repository construction and facilitates research on data-usage tracking, dataset-based scholar search, and dataset evaluation.

Originality/value
To the best of our knowledge, this paper is among the first to address the important task of automatically extracting data-usage statements from real data.
How Users Search the Mobile Web: A Model for Understanding the Impact of Motivation and Context on Search Behaviors
Authors: Wu Dan , Zhu Man , Ran Aihua 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

Purpose
This study explores how search motivation and context influence mobile Web search behaviors.

Design/methodology/approach
We studied 30 experienced mobile Web users via questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and an online diary tool that participants used to record their daily search activities. SQLite Developer was used to extract data from the users’ phone logs for correlation analysis in Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS).

Findings
One quarter of mobile search sessions were driven by two or more search motivations. It was especially difficult to distinguish curiosity from time killing in particular user reporting. Multi-dimensional contexts and motivations influenced mobile search behaviors, and among the context dimensions, gender, place, activities they engaged in while searching, task importance, portal, and interpersonal relations (whether accompanied or alone when searching) correlated with each other.

Research limitations
The sample was comprised entirely of college students, so our findings may not generalize to other populations. More participants and longer experimental duration will improve the accuracy and objectivity of the research.

Practical implications
Motivation analysis and search context recognition can help mobile service providers design applications and services for particular mobile contexts and usages.

Originality/value
Most current research focuses on specific contexts, such as studies on place, or other contextual influences on mobile search, and lacks a systematic analysis of mobile search context. Based on analysis of the impact of mobile search motivations and search context on search behaviors, we built a multi-dimensional model of mobile search behaviors.
Initial Description of the Presumed Congenital Zika Syndrome
Authors: Miranda-Filho Demócrito de Barros , Martelli Celina Maria Turchi , Ximenes Ricardo Arraes de Alencar , Araújo Thalia Velho Barreto , Rocha Maria Angela Wanderley , Ramos Regina Coeli Ferreira , Dhalia Rafael , França Rafael Freitas de Oliveira , Marques Júnior Ernesto Torres de Azevedo , Rodrigues Laura Cunha 
Published: March 2016

Objectives. To provide an initial description of the congenital syndrome presumably associated with infection by Zika virus compared with other syndromes including congenital infections of established etiologies. Methods. We provide an overview of a published case series of 35 cases, a clinical series of 104 cases, and published and unpublished reports of clinical and laboratory findings describing cases diagnosed since the beginning of the epidemic of microcephaly in Brazil. Results. About 60% to 70% of mothers report rash during pregnancy; mainly in the first trimester. Principal features are microcephaly, facial disproportionality, cutis girata, hypertonia/spasticity, hyperreflexia, and irritability; abnormal neuroimages include calcifications, ventriculomegaly, and lissencephaly. Hearing and visual abnormalities may be present. Conclusions. Preliminary data suggest that severe congenital abnormalities are linked to Zika virus infection. Cases have severe abnormalities, and although sharing many characteristics with congenital abnormalities associated with other viral infections, abnormalities presumably linked to the Zika virus may have distinguishing characteristics. These severe neurologic abnormalities may result in marked mental retardation and motor disabilities for many surviving offspring. Policy Implications. Affected nations need to prepare to provide complex and costly multidisciplinary care that children diagnosed with this new congenital syndrome will require.
Seismic Airgun Sources: Clarifying the Loudness
Authors: Tulett John R. , Laws Robert M. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The metrics that regulators use for assessing seismic exploration and marine life have been reviewed. In particular, the airgun source levels and what they really mean have been clarified, and common pitfalls and misunderstandings of the acoustics have been explained.
The scientific background of basic bioacoustics has been reviewed, including the definitions of the various established metrics. The thresholds for injury and disturbance are explained along with how to calculate them, for example, sound exposure level (SEL) and root mean square (RMS) levels.
The important (and often misunderstood) conceptual difference between the source level, which the airgun array emits, and the received level, which the animal experiences, has been clarified to provide a clear understanding of the acoustics and relationships of the sound levels to avoid further confusion and misunderstanding among the public and the news media.
A Risk-Based Approach to Driving and Journey Management for Land Transport Contractors
Authors: Wiraatmaja G. , Tauriainen M. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Despite significant efforts to improve safety, driving continues to be the work activity that poses the highest risk to personnel in relation to injuries and fatalities. Data collected by the International Association of Oil & Gas Producers indicates that contractor activities contribute to more than two-thirds of all driving activities in the upstream oil and gas industry. Therefore, it is essential to focus on improving the effectiveness of land transport contractor driving safety management.
The conventional way that contractor driving safety is managed is to apply the company's own driving standard. In this contracting mode, every contractor, whenever they work for a particular company, is required to follow all the safety requirements stated in the company's standard. Although this may seem to be simple, the reality could be quite different, particularly for an organization that uses many contractors and operates globally.
Managing contractor driving safety can be a complex matter when the number and diversity of the land transport contractors is considered. The complexity increases as the size and scope of the company's operations grows and when the land transport contractors have various levels of maturity in their driving safety programs. For the land transport contractor, difficulties can arise when working for several customers who have different contractual requirements, which all have to be met.
To address these challenges, an oilfield services company has developed a risk-based driving safety management procedure specifically for land transport contractors. The procedure is based on the risk of the driving environment, the type of load and the maturity of the land transport contractors’ own driving safety programs.
This paper presents the oilfield services company's risk-based approach for land transport contractor's driving and journey-management. It describes how the approach has enabled the organization to improve the effectiveness of managing land transport contractors’ driving safety in more than 85 countries.
Implementation of Science-Based Environmental Baseline Techniques for Offshore Oil and Gas Projects
Authors: Lopez-Plana J. O. , Barceló I. , Lastra P. , Andersen T. , Pérez M. , Edghill N. , Cosendey L. C. , Nájera I. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The oil and gas industry is moving into offshore territory known for a high degree of sensitivity and complexity. For all operators, a prudent system of managing biodiversity and ecosystem services is quickly becoming a key success factor, but also a key responsibility.
There are many forums for identifying best practices. IPIECA has delineated parts of the process through the "Begin yesterday" and "Locate and assess sensitive areas" principles. CSBI supports the broader goals of innovative and transparent application of the mitigation hierarchy in relation to biodiversity and ecosystem services, while UNEP-WCMC works to improve global data and strengthen business approaches for biodiversity management through the Proteus Partnership.
However, neither global data nor methodologies are standardized. UNEP-WCMC has put a lot of effort into mapping critical marine habitats and has developed an online GIS-viewer, the Ocean Data Viewer. Equally, during 2014 IPIECA presented the Marine Geospatial Bibliography; a knowledge sharing platform collecting and making available information on oil, gas and the environment for industry, science and public. Finally, the CSBI, having identified the weakness of lacking standardization, created a biodiversity data collection work stream that aims to produce a practical guide on what ecological information is needed to sufficiently inform the biodiversity baseline assessment for projects. Different activities within the oil and gas sphere are performed in the marine environment and potential impacts inevitably vary. Standardization within differing contexts is a challenge the industry faces.
This paper will present scientific case studies highlighting the methodologies that can be adapted by the oil and gas industry for baseline and monitoring: recording with hydrophones vocalizing fauna and using underwater acoustics and ROVs for studying benthic communities (multibeam echo sounder, sidescan sonar and subbottom profiler). Furthermore, implemented and tested "good practices" regarding coral reef surveys, deepwater and shallow water baseline methodologies will be shared.
Energy Efficiency: Collecting Experiences from 20 Years of Efforts on The Norwegian Continental Shelf
Authors: Rambech Eric L. , Vandenbussche Valentin , Thylander Emma Karlström , Lindersen Peter J. , Blindheim Hildegunn T. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Energy efficiency constitutes a key solution for controlling and reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the oil and gas industry. The Norwegian Oil and Gas Association therefore established a joint industry project with the aim to set best practice guidance on energy management and efficiency. The project was built around the goal of facilitating experience-exchange and documenting best practice among oil and gas operators in Norway. The work consisted of five key elements. Firstly, an analysis provided an overview of the industry's maturity within energy management. Secondly, a set of company-specific meetings helped understanding each companies situation, and raising awareness internally on energy efficiency initiatives. Thirdly, workshops were organised, gathering 14 operators in Norway to facilitate experience exchange on energy management and energy efficiency opportunities. Fourthly, guidelines for implementing energy management in operations were then established based on input collected, and on practices from other industries. Fifthly, all the results are documented on an internet website available to the operators.
The project provides a unique opportunity for cooperation. Project results indicate that operators have varying degrees of maturity and in-house practice with regards to energy management. Actions to improve energy efficiency also vary depending on companies, assets and resources, which provides a foundation for cross-company learning. In addition, the consultant has complemented industry experience with best practice from other industries worldwide. Furthermore, it was found that the forums for experience exchange on energy efficiency have been a key enabler for progress. It has also allowed the industry to jointly document and communicate efforts. Through sharing knowledge, the project has established best practices to seize opportunities and to help overcome challenges linked to implementing energy management and energy efficiency in the industry.
Implementation of energy management in existing organisations constitute a change in practice. In order to be successful, this process requires support throughout the organisation, and is most effective when integrated with pre-existing routines. The project constitutes a step-up for the whole industry in its efforts towards a more efficient production. This paper provides further elements for successful implementation of energy management in the oil and gas industry.