bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Salinity controls on Na incorporation in Red Sea planktonic foraminifera
Authors: Mezger E. M. , de Nooijer L. J. , Boer W. , Brummer G. J. A. , Reichart G. J. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWhereas several well‐established proxies are available for reconstructing past temperatures, salinity remains challenging to assess. Reconstructions based on the combination of (in)organic temperature proxies and foraminiferal stable oxygen isotopes result in relatively large uncertainties, which may be reduced by application of a direct salinity proxy. Cultured benthic and planktonic foraminifera showed that Na incorporation in foraminiferal shell calcite provides a potential independent proxy for salinity. Here we present the first field calibration of such a potential proxy. Living planktonic foraminiferal specimens from the Red Sea surface waters were collected and analyzed for their Na/Ca content using laser ablation quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Using the Red Sea as a natural laboratory, the calibration covers a broad range of salinities over a steep gradient within the same water mass. For both Globigerinoides ruber and Globigerinoides sacculifer calcite Na/Ca increases with salinity, albeit with a relatively large intraspecimen and interspecimen variability. The field‐based calibration is similar for both species from a salinity of ~36.8 up to ~39.6, while values for G. sacculifer deviate from this trend in the northernmost transect. It is hypothesized that the foraminifera in the northernmost part of the Red Sea are (partly) expatriated and hence should be excluded from the Na/Ca‐salinity calibration. Incorporation of Na in foraminiferal calcite therefore provides a potential proxy for salinity, although species‐specific calibrations are still required and more research on the effect of temperature is needed.
Estimating refractivity from propagation loss in turbulent media
Authors: Wagner Mark , Gerstoft Peter , Rogers Ted 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis paper estimates lower atmospheric refractivity (M‐profile) given an electromagnetic (EM) propagation loss (PL) measurement. Specifically, height‐independent PL measurements over a range of 10–80 km are used to infer information about the existence and potential parameters of atmospheric ducts in the lowest 1 km of the atmosphere. The main improvement made on previous refractivity estimations is inclusion of range‐dependent fluctuations due to turbulence in the forward propagation model. Using this framework, the maximum likelihood (ML) estimate of atmospheric refractivity has good accuracy, and with prior information about ducting the maximum a priori (MAP) refractivity estimate can be found. Monte Carlo methods are used to estimate the mean and covariance of PL, which are fed into a Gaussian likelihood function for evaluation of estimated refractivity probability. Comparisons were made between inversions performed on propagation loss data simulated by a wide angle parabolic equation (PE) propagation model with added homogeneous and inhomogeneous turbulence. It was found that the turbulence models produce significantly different results, suggesting that accurate modeling of turbulence is key.
Reassessing the MADE direct‐push hydraulic conductivity data using a revised calibration procedure
Authors: Bohling Geoffrey C. , Liu Gaisheng , Dietrich Peter , Butler James J. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn earlier work, we presented a geostatistical assessment of high‐resolution hydraulic conductivity (K) profiles obtained at the MADE site using direct‐push (DP) methods. The profiles are derived from direct‐push injection logger (DPIL) measurements that provide a relative indicator of vertical variations in K with a sample spacing of 1.5 cm. The DPIL profiles are converted to K profiles by calibrating to the results of direct‐push permeameter (DPP) tests performed at selected depths in some of the profiles. Our original calibration used a linear transform that failed to adequately account for an upper limit on DPIL responses in high‐K zones and noise in the DPIL data. Here we present a revised calibration procedure that accounts for the upper limit and noise, leading to DPIL K values that display a somewhat different univariate distribution and a lower lnK variance (5.9 ± 1.5) than the original calibration values (6.9 ± 1.8), although each variance estimate falls within the other's 95% confidence interval. Despite the change in the univariate distribution, the autocorrelation structure and large‐scale patterns exhibited by the revised DPIL K values still agree well with those exhibited by the flowmeter data from the site. We provide the DPIL and DPP data, along with our calibrated DPIL K values, in the Supporting Information.
Hydrogen‐Permeable Tubular Membrane Reactor: Promoting Conversion and Product Selectivity for Non‐Oxidative Activation of Methane over an Fe©SiO2 Catalyst
Authors: Sakbodin Mann , Wu Yiqing , Oh Su Cheun , Wachsman Eric D. , Liu Dongxia 
Published: November 2016

AbstractNon‐oxidative methane conversion over Fe©SiO2 catalyst was studied for the first time in a hydrogen (H2) permeable tubular membrane reactor. The membrane reactor is composed of a mixed ionic–electronic SrCe0.7Zr0.2Eu0.1O3−δ thin film (≈20 μm) supported on the outer surface of a one‐end capped porous SrCe0.8Zr0.2O3−δ tube. Significant improvement in CH4 conversion was achieved upon H2 removal from the membrane reactor compared to that in a fixed‐bed reactor. The Fe©SiO2 catalyst in the H2 permeable membrane reactor demonstrated a stable ≈30 % C2+ single‐pass yield, with up to 30 % CH4 conversion and 99 % selectivity to C2 (ethylene and acetylene) and aromatic (benzene and naphthalene) products, at the tested conditions. The selectivity towards C2 or aromatics was manipulated purposely by adding H2 into or removing H2 from the membrane reactor feed and permeate gas streams.
Prevention of neural tube defects in Lrp2 mutant mouse embryos by folic acid supplementation
Authors: Sabatino Julia A. , Stokes Bethany A. , Zohn Irene E. 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundNeural tube defects (NTDs) are among the most common structural birth defects in humans and are caused by the complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Periconceptional supplementation with folic acid can prevent NTDs in both mouse models and human populations. A better understanding of how genes and environmental factors interact is critical toward development of rational strategies to prevent NTDs. Low density lipoprotein‐related protein 2 (Lrp2) is involved in endocytosis of the folic acid receptor among numerous other nutrients and ligands.MethodsWe determined the effect of iron and/or folic acid supplementation on the penetrance of NTDs in the Lrp2null mouse model. The effects of supplementation on folate and iron status were measured in embryos and dams.ResultsPericonceptional dietary supplementation with folic acid did not prevent NTDs in Lrp2 mutant embryos, whereas high levels of folic acid supplementation by intraperitoneal injection reduced incidence of NTDs. Importantly, Lrp2null/+ dams had reduced blood folate levels that improved with daily intraperitoneal injections of folate but not dietary supplementation. On the contrary, iron supplementation had no effect on the penetrance of NTDs in Lrp2 mutant embryos and negated the preventative effect of folic acid supplementation in Lrp2null/null mutants.ConclusionLrp2 is required for folate homeostasis in heterozygous dams and high levels of supplementation prevents NTDs. Furthermore, high levels of dietary iron supplementation interfered with folic acid supplementation negating the positive effects of supplementation in this model. Birth Defects Research 109:16–26, 2017. © 2016 The Authors Birth Defects Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High‐throughput downstream process development for cell‐based products using aqueous two‐phase systems (ATPS) – A case study
Authors: Zimmermann Sarah , Scheeder Christian , Zimmermann Philipp K , Bogsnes Are , Hansson Mattias , Staby Arne , Hubbuch Jürgen 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe availability of preparative‐scale downstream processing strategies for cell‐based products presents a critical juncture between fundamental research and clinical development. Aqueous two‐phase systems (ATPS) present a gentle, scalable, label‐free, and cost‐effective method for cell purification, and are thus a promising tool for downstream processing of cell‐based therapeutics. Here, the application of a previously developed robotic screening platform that enables high‐throughput cell partitioning analysis in ATPS is reported. In the present case study a purification strategy for two model cell lines based on high‐throughput screening (HTS)‐data and countercurrent distribution (CCD)‐modeling, and validated the CCD‐model experimentally is designed. The obtained data are shown an excellent congruence between CCD‐model and experimental data, indicating that CCD‐models in combination with HTS‐data are a powerful tool in downstream process development. Finally, the authors are shown that while cell cycle phase significantly influences cell partitioning, cell type specific differences in surface properties are the main driving force in charge‐dependent separation of HL‐60 and L929 cells. In order to design a highly robust purification process it is, however, advisable to maintain constant growth conditions.
In vitro suppression of two different stop codons
Authors: Ozer Eden , Chemla Yonatan , Schlesinger Orr , Aviram Haim Yuval , Riven Inbal , Haran Gilad , Alfonta Lital 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTProteins play a crucial role in all living organisms, with the 20 natural amino acids as their building blocks. Unnatural amino acids are synthetic derivatives of these natural building blocks. These amino acids have unique chemical or physical properties as a result of their specific side chain residues. Their incorporation into proteins through ribosomal translation in response to one of the stop codons has opened a new way to manipulate and study proteins by enabling new functionalities, thus expending the genetic code. Different unnatural amino acids have different functionalities, hence, the ability to incorporate two different unnatural amino acids, in response to two different stop codons into one protein is a useful tool in protein manipulation. This ability has been achieved previously only in in vivo translational systems, however, with limited functionality. Herein, we report the incorporation of two different unnatural amino acids in response to two different stop codons into one protein, utilizing a cell‐free protein synthesis system. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 1065–1073. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The development and validation of a high‐throughput LC–MS/MS method for the analysis of endogenous β‐hydroxy‐β‐methylbutyrate in human plasma
Authors: Ramachandran Subramanian , Ehling Stefan , Shreeram Sathyavageeswaran , Reddy Todime M. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA high‐throughput, sensitive, and rugged liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method for the rapid quantitation of β‐hydroxy‐β‐methylbutyrate (HMB) in human plasma has been developed and validated for routine use. The method uses 100 μL of plasma sample and employs protein precipitation with 0.1% formic acid in methanol for the extraction of HMB from plasma. Sample extracts were analyzed using LC–MS/MS technique under negative mode electrospray ionization conditions. A 13C–labeled stable isotope internal standard was used to achieve accurate quantitation. Multiday validation was conducted for precision, accuracy, linearity, selectivity, matrix effect, dilution integrity (2×), extraction recovery, freeze–thaw sample stability (three cycles), benchtop sample stability (6 h and 50 min), autosampler stability (27 h) and frozen storage sample stability (146 days). Linearity was demonstrated between 10 and 500 ng/mL. Inter‐day accuracies and coefficients of variation (CV) were 91.2–98.1 and 3.7–7.8%, respectively. The validated method was proven to be rugged for routine use to quantify endogenous levels of HMB in human plasma obtained from healthy volunteers.
Fetuin‐A (alpha 2HS glycoprotein) modulates growth, motility, invasion, and senescence in high‐grade astrocytomas
Authors: Nangami Gladys N. , Sakwe Amos M. , Izban Michael G. , Rana Tanu , Lammers Philip E. , Thomas Portia , Chen Zhenbang , Ochieng Josiah 
Published: November 2016

AbstractGlioblastomas (high‐grade astrocytomas) are highly aggressive brain tumors with poor prognosis and limited treatment options. In the present studies, we have defined the role of fetuin‐A, a liver‐derived multifunctional serum protein, in the growth of an established glioblastoma cell line, LN229. We hereby demonstrate that these cells synthesize ectopic fetuin‐A which supports their growth in culture in the absence of serum. We have demonstrated that a panel of tissue microarray (TMA) of glioblastomas also express ectopic fetuin‐A. Knocking down fetuin‐A using shRNA approach in LN229, significantly reduced their in vitro growth as well as growth and invasion in vivo. The fetuin‐A knockdown subclones of LN229 (A and D) also had reduced motility and invasive capacity. Treatment of LN229 cells with asialofetuin (ASF), attenuated their uptake of labeled fetuin‐A, and induced senescence in them. Interestingly, the D subclone that had ~90% reduction in ectopic fetuin‐A, underwent senescence in serum‐free medium which was blunted in the presence of purified fetuin‐A. Uptake of labeled exosomes was attenuated in fetuin‐A knockdown subclones A and D. Taken together, the studies demonstrate the impact of fetuin‐A as significant node of growth, motility, and invasion signaling in glioblastomas that can be targeted for therapy.
Analysis of risk factors to predict communicating hydrocephalus following gamma knife radiosurgery for intracranial schwannoma
Authors: Lee Seunghoon , Seo Seong‐Wook , Hwang Juyoung , Seol Ho Jun , Nam Do‐Hyun , Lee Jung‐Il , Kong Doo‐Sik 
Published: November 2016

AbstractCommunicating hydrocephalus (HCP) in vestibular schwannomas (VS) after gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) has been reported in the literature. However, little information about its incidence and risk factors after GKRS for intracranial schwannomas is yet available. The objective of this study was to identify the incidence and risk factors for developing communicating HCP after GKRS for intracranial schwannomas. We retrospectively reviewed a total of 702 patients with intracranial schwannomas who were treated with GKRS between January 2002 and December 2015. We investigated patients’ age, gender, tumor origin, previous surgery history, tumor volume, marginal radiation dose, and presence of tumor control to identify associations with communicating HCP following GKRS. To make predictive models of communicating HCP, we performed Cox regression analyses and constructed a decision tree for risk factors. In total, 29 of the 702 patients (4.1%) developed communicating HCP following GKRS, which required ventriculo‐peritoneal (VP) shunt surgery. Multivariate analyses indicated that age (P = 0.0011), tumor origin (P = 0.0438), and tumor volume (P < 0.0001) were significant predictors of communicating HCP in patients with intracranial schwannoma after GKRS. Using machine‐learning methods, we fit an optimal predictive model. We found that developing communicating HCP following GKRS was most likely if the tumor was vestibular origin and had a volume ≥13.65 cm3. Communicating HCP is not a rare complication of GKRS for intracranial schwannomas. Under specific conditions, communicating HCP following GKRS is warranted for this patient group, and this patient group should be closely followed up.
Survival of patients with metastatic leiomyosarcoma: the MD Anderson Clinical Center for targeted therapy experience
Authors: Wang Zhijie , Shi Naiyi , Naing Aung , Janku Filip , Subbiah Vivek , Araujo Dejka M. , Patel Shreyaskumar R. , Ludwig Joseph A. , Ramondetta Lois M. , Levenback Charles F. , Ramirez Pedro T. , Piha‐Paul Sarina A. , Hong David , Karp Daniel D. , Tsimberidou Apostolia M. , Meric‐Bernstam Funda , Fu Siqing 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAdvanced stage leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is incurable with current systemic antitumor therapies. Therefore, there is clinical interest in exploring novel therapeutic regimens to treat LMS. We reviewed the medical records of 75 consecutive patients with histologically confirmed metastatic LMS, who had been referred to the Clinical Center for Targeted Therapy at MD Anderson Cancer Center. To lay the foundation for potential phase I trials for the treatment of advanced LMS, we analyzed tumor response and survival outcome data. The frequent hotspot gene aberrations that we observed were the TP53 mutation (65%) and RB1 loss/mutation (45%) detected by Sequenom or next‐generation sequencing. Among patients treated with gene aberration‐related phase I trial therapy, the median progression‐free survival was 5.8 months and the median overall survival was 15.9 months, significantly better than in patients without therapy (1.9 months, P = 0.001; and 8.7 months, P = 0.013, respectively). Independent risk factors that predicted shorter overall survival included hemoglobin <10 g/dL, body mass index <30 kg/m2, serum albumin <3.5 g/dL, and neutrophil above upper limit of normal. The median survivals were 19.9, 7.6, and 0.9 months for patients with 0, 1 or 2, and ≥3 of the above risk factors, respectively (P < 0.001). A prognostic scoring system that included four independent risk factors might predict survival in patients with metastatic LMS who were treated in a phase I trial. Gene aberration‐related therapies led to significantly better clinical benefits, supporting that further exploration with novel mechanism‐driven therapeutic regimens is warranted.
A synergy‐based control solution for overactuated characters: Application to throwing
Authors: Cruz Ruiz Ana Lucia , Pontonnier Charles , Levy Jonathan , Dumont Georges 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn the current paper, we present a bio‐inspired solution for the control of overactuated models in animation, such as musculoskeletal models. This solution consists in the extraction of muscle synergies from human experiments, followed by a control method consisting of a series of optimizations to adapt muscle parameters and synergies to match experimental data. We apply the framework on throwing motions, and the results show that these motions can be accurately reproduced on a character with a simplified muscular structure, while preserving important characteristics in the original synergies or control signals.
Fluorographene Modified by Grignard Reagents: A Broad Range of Functional Nanomaterials
Authors: Mazánek Vlastimil , Libánská Alena , Šturala Jiří , Bouša Daniel , Sedmidubský David , Pumera Martin , Janoušek Zbyněk , Plutnar Jan , Sofer Zdeněk 
Published: November 2016

AbstractFluorographene is the youngest stoichiometric derivative of graphene; hence, its reactivity is only poorly explored. Compared to graphene, the significantly higher reactivity of C−F bonds makes this material a suitable platform for a large number of chemical modifications. Fluorographene is also the only member of the halographene family that can be prepared in the stoichiometric composition (C1F1). Herein, the chemical modification of fluorographene with Grignard reagents, which are well known in organic synthesis for the formation of new C−C bonds, is presented. The reaction with alkyl magnesium bromides led to successful modification of fluorographene with ethyl, vinyl, ethynyl and propargyl groups. Chemical characterisation showed the presence of covalently bonded functional groups in a high concentration exceeding one functional group per C6 motif. The reactivity of Grignard reagents with fluorographene decreased from ethyl to ethynyl. The terminal carbon–carbon triple bonds were used for click reactions with organic azides leading to the formation of triazole rings. These findings open up a broad spectrum of opportunities for simple and robust modification of graphene by chemical reactions proceeding at room temperature under mild conditions. These results have major application potential in sensing, biomedical and energy‐related applications.
A Redox‐Switchable Germylene and its Ligating Properties in Selected Transition Metal Complexes
Authors: Walz Florian , Moos Eric , Garnier Delphine , Köppe Ralf , Anson Christopher E. , Breher Frank 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe synthesis, structure, and full characterization of a redox‐switchable germylene based on a [3]ferrocenophane ligand arrangement, [Fc(NMes)2Ge] (4), is presented. The mesityl (Mes)‐substituted title compound is readily available from Fc(NHMes)2 (2) and Ge{N(SiMe3)2}2, or from the dilithiated, highly air‐ and moisture‐sensitive compound Fc(NLiMes)2⋅3 Et2O (3) and GeCl2. Cyclic voltammetry studies are provided for 4, confirming the above‐mentioned view of a redox‐switchable germylene metalloligand. Although several 1:1 RhI and IrI complexes of 4 (5–7) are cleanly formed in solution, all attempts to isolate them in pure form failed due to stability problems. However, crystalline solids of [Mo(κ1Ge‐4)2(CO)4] (8) and [W(κ1Ge‐4)2(CO)4] (9) were isolated and fully characterized by common spectroscopic techniques (8 by X‐ray diffraction). DFT calculations were performed on a series of model compounds to elucidate a conceivable interplay between the metal atoms in neutral and cationic bimetallic complexes of the type [Rh(κ1E‐qE)(CO)2Cl]0/+ (qE=[Fc(NPh)2E] with E=C, Si, Ge). The bonding characteristics of the coordinated Fc‐based metalloligands (qE/qE+) are strongly affected upon in silico oxidation of the calculated complexes. The calculated Tolman electronic parameter (TEP) significantly increases by approximately 20 cm−1 (E=C) to 25 cm−1 (E=Si, Ge) upon oxidation. The change in the ligand‐donating abilities upon oxidation can mainly be attributed to Coulombic effects, whereas an orbital‐based interaction appears to have only a minor influence.
ChemInform Abstract: Assessment of the U3O7 Crystal Structure by X‐Ray and Electron Diffraction.
Authors: Leinders Gregory , Delville Remi , Pakarinen Janne , Cardinaels Thomas , Binnemans Koen , Verwerft Marc 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe crystal structure of U3O7 obtained by oxidation of UO2 powder is investigated by powder XRD and SAED on single crystal grains.
ChemInform Abstract: Superhard Mixed Transition Metal Dodecaborides.
Authors: Akopov Georgiy , Yeung Michael T. , Sobell Zachary C. , Turner Christopher L. , Lin Cheng‐Wei , Kaner Richard B. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe solid solutions Zr1‐xYxB12, Zr1‐xScxB12, and Y1‐xScxB12 (x = 0—1) as well as ScB50 and YB66 are prepared by arc‐melting of the elements in ratios of 1:20 for the dodecaborides and 1:65 and 1:70 for the latter two binary phases.
ChemInform Abstract: A2VO(SO4)2 (A: Li, Na) as Electrodes for Li‐Ion and Na‐Ion Batteries.
Authors: Sun Meiling , Rousse Gwenaelle , Saubanere Matthieu , Doublet Marie‐Liesse , Dalla Corte Daniel , Tarascon Jean‐Marie 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn view of increasing the energy density of battery systems for e.g. electric vehicles by lowering the dead weight penalty associated with the heavy polyanions replacing oxygen in traditional electrode materials, the title phases are prepared by ball milling of dehydrated α‐VOSO4 and A2SO4 in stoichiometric proportions followed by annealing under Ar (400—415 °C, 12 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a Ferrolite: A Zeolitic All‐Iron Framework.
Authors: Latshaw Allison M. , Chance W. Michael , Morrison Gregory , zur Loye Karl D. , Wilkins Branford O. , Smith Mark D. , Whitfield Pamela S. , Kirkham Melanie J. , Stoian Sebastian A. , zur Loye Hans‐Conrad 
Published: November 2016

AbstractSingle crystals of Ba8(Fe12O24)Nay (OH)6·xH2O are grown by the hydroflux method from equimolar amounts of Fe(NO3)3, Ba(OH)2, NaOH, and H2O (autoclave, 230 °C, 24 h; cooling to 80 °C at a rate of 0.3 °C/min; ≈100% yield).