bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Produk Metabolisme Rumen pada Sapi Peranakan Ongole Fase Tumbuh
Authors: Suwandyastuti S.N.O. 
Published: February 2016

Rumen metabolism product on growing cattle ongole gradeABSTRACT. The utilization of fermented fibrous waste material had improved the product of rumen metabolism in vitro, nevertheless, it was not always the same result if treated on animal, in vivo. An experiment had been conducted to investigate the result of the in vitro trial to the growing male cattle of Ongole Grade. The experiment had been conducted by experimental method using twelve (12) growing male cattle of Ongole Grade. The trial was conducted in Completely Randomized Block Design, during seven months period, three months adaption, two weeks preliminary, three months feeding trial and two weeks digestion trial. The treatment tested were: R0 = control ration, non fermented; R1 = mesh type fermented and R2 = pellet type fermented. The variables measured were: the production of Total Volatile Fatty Acid (T-VFA); asetate (C2), propionate (C3), butyrate (C4). The result shown that the treatment, biological and physical, of complete feed, does not influence on the production of T-VFA as well as on the composition (C2, C3 and C4). Nevertheless based on all the variables measured, the biological treatment with fermentation tends to increase the production of rumen metabolism, and the highest result of the products of T-VFA = 112,43 + 17,2 mM/L, C2 = 40,46 + 8,98 mM/L, C3 = 34,57 + 7,35 mM/L, C4 = 31,17 + 7,35 mM/L, were resulted from pellet type of complete feed. The result of experiment concludes : (1) based on the production of VFA as well as its composition, and the balance of C2 / C3, the utilization of complete feed both mesh and pellet type increases the efficiency of energy utilization on the growing male of Ongole Grade Cattle; (2) based on rumen metabolism product, the recommended complete feed for growing male cattle of Ongole grade is in the form of fermented pellet.
Penggunaan Limbah Kopi Sebagai Bahan Penyusun Ransum Itik Peking dalam Bentuk Wafer Ransum Komplit
Authors: Daud Muhammad , Fuadi Zahrul , Sultana Sultana 
Published: February 2016

Effect of coffee waste as component of compiler ration peking duck in the form of wafer complete rationABSTRACT. Coffee waste is a by-product of coffee processing that potential to be used as feed stuff for peking duck. The weakness of this coffee waste, among others, is perishable, voluminous (bulky) and the availability was fluctuated so the processing technology is needed to make this vegetable waste to be durable, easy to stored and to be given to livestock. To solve this problem vegetable waste could be formed as wafer. This research was conducted to study effectiveness of coffee waste as component of compiler ration peking duck in the form of wafer complete ration This experiment was run in completely randomized design which consist of 4 feed treatment and 3 replications. Ration used was consisted of P0 = wafer complete ration 0% coffee waste (control), P1 = wafer complete ration 2,5% coffee waste, P2 = wafer complete ration 5% coffee waste, and P3 = Wafer complete ration 7,5% coffee waste. The Variables observed were: physical characteristic (aroma, color, and wafer density) and palatability of wafer complete ration. Data collected was analyzed with ANOVA and Duncan Range Test would be used if the result was significantly different. The result showed that the density of wafer complete ration coffee waste was significantly (P 0.05) differences between of treatment. Mean density wafer complete ration equal to: P0= 0,52±0,03, P1 =0,67±0,04, P2 =0,72±0,03, and P3 = 0,76±0.05 g/cm3. Wafer complete ration coffee waste palatability was significantly (P 0.05) differences between of treatment. It is concluded that of wafer complete ration composition 5 and 7,5% coffee waste was significantly wafer palatability and gave a highest wafer density. The ration P0 was the most palatable compare to other treatments for the experimental peking duck.
Penampilan Ayam Pedaging yang Mengkonsumsi Pakan Mengandung Tepung Kulit Nanas Disuplementasi dengan Yoghurt
Authors: Nurhayati Nurhayati 
Published: February 2016

Broiler chicken performance feed ration containing pineapple peel meal and supplemented by yoghurtABSTRACT. An experiment was conducted to determine the broiler performance feed ration contained pineapple peel meal supplemented by yoghurt. A hundred broiler chickens 2 days old were used in this study those divided into 4 treatment groups and kept for 4 weeks. The treatments were level of pineapple peel meal (PPM) into the ration; P0 = ration without PPM, P1 = ration contained 5 % of PPM, P2 = ration contained 10 % of PPM and P3 = ration contained 15 % of PPM. To neutralize high crude fiber content in the ration, chickens were supplemented by yoghurt consisted 3,3 x 108 CFU/ml of Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus as much as 3 ml/kg body weight. Yoghurt was offered in the morning before feeding. Each treatment was replicated 5 times. The experiment was assigned into Completely Randomized Design with 4 treatments and 5 replications. Parameters were feed consumption, water consumption, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio. Data were analyzed by Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and significantly effect was tested by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Results of this study showed that there was no significant difference (P0.05) among 0, 5, and 10 % the treatment groups on feed consumption, water consumption, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio. Offered 15 % of pineapple peel to the chickens did not significantly (P0.05) increased feed consumption and conversion ratio but did not significantly (P0.05) decreased body weight gain. It is concluded that pineapple peel meal might be mixed into the broiler chicken ration up to 10 % without any significant adverse effect on performance when they were supplemented by yoghurt as much as 3 ml/kg of body weight.
Seroprevalensi Avian influenza H5N1 pada Unggas di Kabupaten Aceh Utara
Authors: Darmawi Darmawi , Darniati Darniati , Dewi Maryulia , Fakhrurrazi Fakhrurrazi , Abrar Mahdi , Erina Erina 
Published: February 2016

Seroprevalence of avian influenza H5N1 in birds in north aceh districtABSTRACT. Avian influenza virus H5N1 infections are an important cause of diseases in humans and several animal species, including birds. The present study conducted to investigate the seroprevalence Avian Influenza H5N1 in native birds from 15 sub-districts of North Aceh. This study utilized 1108 serum samples collected from the axilaris vein (left or right) of birds. The standard Hemaglutination Inhibition (HI) assay was conducted at Microbiology Laboratory Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Syiah Kuala University to determined serum antibody possitive or negative reaction against Avian influenza H5N1. The result showed that seroprevalence Avian influenza H5N1 virus was 4,7 % in North Aceh District. There were nine sub-districts were tested positively by HI test. However, the serum collected from six sub-districts did not react (negative) against Avian influenza H5N1. Based on the results we obtained, a conclusion that natural infection by Avian influenza virus in native birds occured in part of North Aceh District.
Profil Mikrobiologis Pollard yang Difermentasi dengan Ekstrak Limbah Pasar Sayur pada Lama Peram yang Berbeda
Authors: Utama Cahya Setya , Sulistiyanto Bambang , Setiani Bhakti Etza 
Published: February 2016

Profile microbiological of pollard fermented with extract of waste vegetable market in different long ripened ABSTRACT. The purpose of fermentation is to produce a product (material feed) that have nutritional content, texture and better biological availability, while it also can reduce the anti-nutritional. Microorganisms are often used as probiotics in feed is kind of Lactobacillus sp and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microorganisms are able to produce secondary metabolites such as β -glucan, mannan oligosaccharides and anti-cancer. Very familier as probiotic Lactobacillus among humans or livestock , while saccharomyces cerevisiae have specific characteristics in animal feed because of its ability to produce glutamic acid which can increase feed palatability. Grant Saccharomyces cerevisie can enhance digest protein and fiber, such as cellulose and hemicellulose , with Sacaromyces cerevisiea supplementation can increase the rate of short-chain fatty acids in cecum and suppresses the growth of bacteria from the Enterobacteriaceae species. Observing the above, needed an activity to find additional engineering efforts antibiotics as a source of natural probiotic , prebiotic and synbiotic on the particular poultry and livestock in general, to take advantage of the waste as a probiotic supplement that naturally produced feed additives to support healthy organic livestock production and economically.
Evaluasi Pertambahan Bobot Badan Sapi Aceh Jantan yang Diberi Imbangan Antara Hijauan dan Konsentrat di Balai Pembibitan Ternak Unggul Indrapuri
Authors: Usman Yunasri , Sari Eka Meutia , Fadilla Nuzul 
Published: February 2016

The evaluation of the Aceh cattle bulls weight which compensated between forage and concentrate at Superior Livestock Place in IndrapuriABSTRACT. This research was conducted at Superior Livestock Place in Indrapuri District, Aceh Besar which lasted for 42 days. It was started on November 28th 2012 until January 9th 2013. This research was aims to know about the average daily gain for Aceh cattle bulls which compensated between forage and concentrate by using 12 bulls aged 2-2,5 years old. The design was used a Randomized Design Groups with 4 feed treatments and 3 repetitions. The feed percentages between forage and concentrate are ration A (100% forages), B (80%)forages and 20% concentrates), C (60% forages and 40% concentrates), and D (40% forages and 60% concentrates). The research analysis data were obtained by using ANOVA (Analysis of Variance). The parameters which observed in this study was the average daily gain, consumption, conversion, and efficiency rations. The result showed that the ration dry matter intake highly significantly (P0,01) between treatment A (4,45 Kg), and B (3,61 Kg), C (2,72 Kg), and D (3,38 Kg), but the treatment B and D highly significantly than treatment C (P0,01), the best ration consumption were derived from treatment C. The body weight Kg/bull/day significantly (P0,05) between treatment A (0,47 Kg) and B (0,65 Kg), C (0,60 Kg), and D (0,61 Kg), the best average daily gain were derived from treatment B. The conversion ration showed that highly significantly (P0,01) between treatment A (9,55 Kg), and B (5,55 Kg), C (4,60 Kg), and D (5,59 Kg), the best ration conversion were derived treatment C. Similarly, the efficiency ration showed that highly significantly (P0,01) between treatment A (0,11%), and B (0,18%), C (0,22%), and D (0,18%), C is the best ration efficiency on the treatment.
Kecernaan Bahan Kering dan Bahan Organik dan Degradabilitas Serat pada Pakan yang Disuplementasi Tanin dan Saponin
Authors: Wahyuni Idha Muthiah Dwi , Muktiani Anis , Christiyanto Marry 
Published: February 2016

(Dry matter and organic matter digestibility and fiber degradability in feed by tannin and saponin supplementation)ABSTRACT. The study was conducted to assess the effect of the addition of tannins, saponin and their combinations on the feed, as defaunation agent in the dry matter and organic matter digestibility and ADF, NDF degradability. The study used an experimental method with a completely randomized design. The treatments were T0 : feed without supplementation; T1: feed supplementation with 1,2% saponin; T2 : feed with supplemetation combined of 0,5% tannin and 0,9% saponin; T3 : feed with supplementation combined of 1,0% tannin and 0,6% saponin; T4 : feed with supplementation combined of 1,5% tannin and 0,3% saponin and T5 : feed with supplementation with 2% tannins. The result showed that DMD and OMD increased with treatment added combination of tannin and saponin. The best result for DMD and OMD in combination of 1,5% tannin and 0,3% saponin. Degradability of ADF and NDF was decreased on the supplemented feed. The addition of a combination of tannins and saponins in the feed at dose of 1% tannin and 0.6% saponin showed the best result that increased of DMD and OMD and give good value on NDF and ADF degradability.
Kajian Nilai Energi Metabolis Biji Sorghum Melalui Teknologi Sangrai Pada Ayam Petelur Periode Afkir
Authors: Wahyuni Hanny Indrat , Pujaningsih Retno Iswarin , Sayekti Padwi Anwar 
Published: February 2016

Evaluation of metabolic energy value of roasted sorghum in culled laying chickens ABSTRACT. Tannin contained in sorghum can be reduced by using technology processing such as roasting. By using this way, husk of sorghum can be removed leading to decrease of tannin content which is reflected by the value of metabolism energy. The purpose of this experiment is to investigate the effect of roasted sorghum on metabolism energy of culled laying chickens. Measurement of metabolic energy as mathematic is used as comparison. The material used in his experiment was red sorghum, water, and 39 culled laying chickens. Equipment used in this experiment was balance, roasting tool, plastic, force feeding equipment, metabolism cages and bomb calori-meter. This experiment used completely randomized design consisting of 4 treatments and 4 replications (each replication 3 chickens). Treatment consisted of T0 = no roasted sorghum, T1 = roasted for 5 minutes and T2 = roasted for 10 minutes. Data collected were metabolism energy of roasted sorghum both biologically (force feeding) and mathematically (proximate analysis) at culled laying chickens. All data were statistically calculated, further statistically was conducted by using Duncan and compression of metabolism energy was calculated by using t-Test. The results show that, no statistically effect (p0, 05) on duration of roasting on metabolism energy of sorghum. Based on t-Test analysis, there was a significantly difference (p0, 05) between biological metabolism and mathematical metabolism. From this experiment, it can be concluded that 10 minutes of roasting cannot increase of sorghum metabolic energy. The average of biological metabolic was lower (3105, 94 kcal/kg) compared to the average of mathematical metabolic energy (3766, 82 kcal/kg).
Kajian Fisiologis Penggunaan Bovine Somatotropin (bST) Pada Sapi Pra Afkir
Authors: Dzarnisa Dzarnisa , Fitri Cut Aida 
Published: February 2016

Studies of physiological bovine somatotropin (bST) on post lactating dairy ABSTRACT. To increase of milk production nationally with used in dairy cattle business can assist to increase milk production, eighteen post lactating dairy cows in the highland Cipelang Bogor, were used to study the effect used of bovine somatotropin and lactating time. The experimental cows were assigned into a Randomized Block Design with a 3x2 factorial arrangement. The first factor was using of somatotropin (bST)with three levels (non bST injection, biweekly injection and three weekly injection). The second factor was lactating time with two levels (4th lactating time and 6 th lactating time) Parameters measured were heart rate, respiration frequency, rectal temperature, milk production efficiency, milk production, 4% FCM (fat corrected milk.), Milk composition, weigh gain, milk quality consist of protein, fat, pH. Bovine somatotropin significantly increased heart rate and respiration rate. Also bovine somatotropin injection at 4th lactating time significantly increased milk production. There were an interaction between bST dan lactating time on milk production and weight gain. Bovine somatotropin injection biweekly in cows on 4th lactating time ration increased milk production by 16-26 %, but injection in cows 6th lactating time increased milk production by 8-18 % combination with somatotropin doze 250/ml/14 days. Somatothropine supplementation was injection biweekly and three weekly did significantly affect to milk production, body temperature, heart rate, and respiration rate however in normal physiology . Bovine somatotropine can increase post lactating dairy production interval 14 days better than 21 days.
Efeito de Humoativo comercial na produtividade da couve-flor no Estado de Santa Catarina
Authors: Fonseca José Alfredo da , Hanisch Ana Lúcia 
Published: February 2016

O Humoativo comercial é um substrato registrado como produto orgânico, proveniente do tratamento anaeróbico dos resíduos de celulose em lagoas de decantação e posterior compostagem aeróbica, com alta concentração em nutrientes. O objetivo deste experimento foi avaliar, a campo, o efeito da aplicação de doses de Humoativo sobre a produtividade e a absorção de metais pesados por plantas de couve-flor. Foi utilizado delineamento em blocos inteiramente casualizados, com três repetições e sete tratamentos que corresponderam às doses de Humoativo de 17, 34, 51, 68, 85 e 102 t.ha-1, em base seca. O uso do produto como fertilizante para a cultura da couve-flor proporcionou aumentos crescentes das produtividades com o aumento das doses aplicadas. Não houve efeito dos tratamentos sobre os teores de macro e micronutrientes analisados nos tecidos foliares da couve-flor.Effects of Humoativo commercial in cauliflower productivity in Santa Catarina StateAbstract: Humoativo commercial is a substrate organic derived from the anaerobic treatment of waste cellulose into settling ponds, with high concentrations of nutrients. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate, in field, the effect of doses of Humoativo on productivity and on heavy metal uptake by plants of cauliflower. Design was used randomized blocks with three replications and seven treatments that corresponded to doses of Humoativo of 17, 34, 51, 68, 85 and 102 t.ha-1 in dry basis. The use of the product as fertilizer for the cultivation of cauliflower provided increases in the yield of culture with increasing doses applied. There was no effect of treatments on the concentrations of macro and micronutrients analyzed in the leaves of cauliflower.
Análise geoespacial do processo de desmatamento da Caatinga no município de Catolé do Rocha – PB
Authors: Oliveira R. A. , Almeida J. S. , Melo W. F. , Andrade A. B. A. , Mello W. F. 
Published: February 2016

Objetivou-se analisar o processo de desmatamento no município de Catolé do Rocha-PB. Com o presente trabalho estabelecemos uma análise multitemporal das mudanças no uso e ocupação do solo no município de Catolé do Rocha entre os anos de 2005 e 2013. Foram utilizadas imagens do sensor TM Landsat-7, ano 2005 Bandas 3, 4, 5, ponto 216 e órbita 064, e Landsat-8 Banda 8, ponto 216, órbita 064, (georreferenciada). No ano de 2013 as imagens foram corrigidas no Regeemy 0.2.43, e processadas, filtradas e classificadas no SPRING 5.2, a classificação foi efetuada pelo método pixel a pixel, foi obtido 9 amostras para cada classe, com desempenho médio acima de 90%. A imagem resultante da sobreposição dos planos de informação foi obtida por cruzamento usando lógica booleana, no ambiente de programação em LEGAL. A vegetação manteve os níveis degradação principalmente sobtre as regiões de classes (Caatinga Estépica Florestada Mantida e Caatinga Estépica Arborizada Mantida), representando respectivamente, 14,7% e 27,0%. Isso descreve os elevados níveis de degradação que as atividades impõem sobre a paisagem. Também pode-se observar nessas áreas, condições de raleamento da cobertura mais densa e aumento da cobertura menos densa. Caracterizando um aumento do processo de degradação da vegetação natural. Geospatial analysis process of deforestation Caatinga in the municipality of Catolé do Rocha – PBAbstract: This study aimed to analyze the process of deforestation in the municipality of Catolé do Rocha-PB. The present work established a multi-temporal analysis of changes in the use and occupation of land in the municipality Catolé do Rocha between the years 2005 and 2013. They were used sensor images TM Landsat-7, 2005 Bands 3, 4, 5, point 216 and orbit 064, and Landsat-8 Band 8, paragraph 216, orbiting 064 (georeferenced), 2013, The images were corrected in Regeemy 0.2.43, and processed, filtered and sorted in SPRING 5.2, the rating was performed by the pixel-by-pixel method, 9 samples was obtained for each class, with an average performance above 90%. The resulting overlay of information layers was obtained by crossing using Boolean logic, at Legal in programming environment. The vegetation degradation levels remained mainly on the classes of regions (Caatinga Caatinga and Maintained Forested Steppe Steppe Tree Maintained), representing respectively 14.7% and 27.0%. This describes the high levels of degradation that activities impose on the landscape. It can also be observed in these areas, thinning conditions of denser coverage and increased less dense coverage. Featuring an increased degradation of natural vegetation process.
Constraining Managers without Owners: Governance of the Not-for-Profit Enterprise
Authors: Desai Mihir A. , Yetman Robert J. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
In the absence of owners, how effective are the constraints imposed by the state in promoting effective organization governance? This paper develops state-level indices of the governance environment facing not-for-profits and examines the effects of these rules on not-for-profit behavior. Stronger provisions aimed at detecting and punishing managerial misbehavior are associated with significantly greater charitable expenditures, increased foundation payouts, and lower managerial compensation. The paper also examines how governance influences an alternative metric of not-for-profit performance—the provision of social insurance. Stronger governance measures are associated with intertemporal smoothing of resources in response to economic shocks.
JEL Classifications: L30; G30; H40; K20.
Audit Firm Rotation, Auditor Specialization, and Audit Quality in the Municipal Audit Context
Authors: Elder Randal J. , Lowensohn Suzanne , Reck Jacqueline L. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
The topic of audit firm rotation has been debated internationally for several decades. To inform the debate, we study the effects of audit firm rotation policies on audit quality in a government audit market. Using audit firm rotation data and audit quality measures from the Florida government audit market, a setting where procurement policies vary, we find that rotation policies are indirectly associated with higher audit quality. In particular, mediation analysis suggests that the consequences of policies that encourage Florida municipalities to consider rotation impact audit quality by encouraging the use of auditors that specialize in governmental audits, rather than auditor independence, which is frequently argued to support mandatory rotation.