bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hemorrhage from cerebral cavernous malformations: a systematic pooled analysis
Authors: Gross Bradley A. , Du Rose 
Published: May 2016

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this paper is to define an overall cavernous malformation (CM) hemorrhage rate and risk factors for hemorrhage.

METHODS
The authors performed a systematic, pooled analysis via the PubMed database through October 2015 using the terms “cavernoma,” “cavernous malformation,” “natural history,” “bleeding,” and “hemorrhage.” English-language studies providing annual rates and/or risk factors for CM hemorrhage were included. Data extraction, performed independently by the authors, included demographic data, hemorrhage rates, and hemorrhage risk factors.

RESULTS
Across 12 natural history studies with 1610 patients, the mean age at presentation was 42.7 years old and 52% of patients (95% CI 49%–55%) were female. Presentation modality was seizure in 30% (95% CI 25%–35%), hemorrhage in 26% (95% CI 17%–37%), incidental in 17% (95% CI 9%–31%), and focal deficits only in 16% of cases (95% CI 11%–23%). CM location was lobar in 66% (95% CI 61%–70%), brainstem in 18% (95% CI 13%–24%), deep supratentorial in 8% (95% CI 6%–10%), and cerebellar in 8% (95% CI 5%–11%). Pooling 7 studies that did not assume CM presence since birth, the annual hemorrhage rate was 2.5% per patient-year over 5081.2 patient-years of follow-up (95% CI 1.3%–5.1%). Pooling hazard ratios across 5 studies that evaluated hemorrhage risk factors, prior CM hemorrhage was a significant risk factor for hemorrhage (HR 3.73, 95% CI 1.26–11.1; p = 0.02) while younger age, female sex, deep location, size, multiplicity, and associated developmental venous anomalies (DVAs) were not.

CONCLUSIONS
Although limited by the heterogeneity of incorporated reports and selection bias, this study found prior hemorrhage to be a significant risk factor for CM bleeding, while age, sex, CM location, size, multiplicity, and associated DVAs were not. Future natural history studies should compound annual hemorrhage rate with prospective seizure and nonhemorrhagic neurological deficit rates.
Treatment of traumatic brain injury in rats with N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline
Authors: Zhang Yanlu , Zhang Zheng Gang , Chopp Michael , Meng Yuling , Zhang Li , Mahmood Asim , Xiong Ye 
Published: May 2016

OBJECTIVE
The authors' previous studies have suggested that thymosin beta 4 (Tβ4), a major actin-sequestering protein, improves functional recovery after neural injury. N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline (AcSDKP) is an active peptide fragment of Tβ4. Its effect as a treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI) has not been investigated. Thus, this study was designed to determine whether AcSDKP treatment improves functional recovery in rats after TBI.

METHODS
Young adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into the following groups: 1) sham group (no injury); 2) TBI + vehicle group (0.01 N acetic acid); and 3) TBI + AcSDKP (0.8 mg/kg/day). TBI was induced by controlled cortical impact over the left parietal cortex. AcSDKP or vehicle was administered subcutaneously starting 1 hour postinjury and continuously for 3 days using an osmotic minipump. Sensorimotor function and spatial learning were assessed using a modified Neurological Severity Score and Morris water maze tests, respectively. Some of the animals were euthanized 1 day after injury, and their brains were processed for measurement of fibrin accumulation and neuroinflammation signaling pathways. The remaining animals were euthanized 35 days after injury, and brain sections were processed for measurement of lesion volume, hippocampal cell loss, angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and dendritic spine remodeling.

RESULTS
Compared with vehicle treatment, AcSDKP treatment initiated 1 hour postinjury significantly improved sensorimotor functional recovery (Days 7–35, p < 0.05) and spatial learning (Days 33–35, p < 0.05), reduced cortical lesion volume, and hippocampal neuronal cell loss, reduced fibrin accumulation and activation of microglia/macrophages, enhanced angiogenesis and neurogenesis, and increased the number of dendritic spines in the injured brain (p < 0.05). AcSDKP treatment also significantly inhibited the transforming growth factor–β1/nuclear factor–κB signaling pathway.

CONCLUSIONS
AcSDKP treatment initiated 1 hour postinjury provides neuroprotection and neurorestoration after TBI, indicating that this small tetrapeptide has promising therapeutic potential for treatment of TBI. Further investigation of the optimal dose and therapeutic window of AcSDKP treatment for TBI and the associated underlying mechanisms is therefore warranted.
Subarachnoid hemorrhage due to ruptured intracranial aneurysm following posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome
Authors: Nanba Takamasa , Kashimura Hiroshi , Saura Hiroaki , Takeda Masaru 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTAlthough posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is rarely associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage, to our knowledge, rupture of a concomitant cerebral aneurysm following PRES has not been reported. We describe a patient with atypical PRES involving the brainstem, thalamus, and periventricular white matter without cortical or subcortical edema of the parietooccipital lobe on magnetic resonance imaging, with rupture of a concomitant cerebral aneurysm. Preexisting extremely high blood pressure may trigger atypical PRES, and failure to lower blood pressure may lead to a concomitant aneurysm rupture. In the future treatment of hypertensive urgency with a recurrence of symptoms and mean arterial blood pressure >150 mmHg, it is advisable to immediately hospitalize the patient for aggressive blood pressure management, especially if PRES is suspected based on clinical and radiological features.
Factors Influencing Smallholder Crop Diversification: A Case Study of Manicaland and Masvingo Provinces in Zimbabwe
Authors: Dube Lighton 
Published: May 2016

<p>This study analyzes the degree of crop diversification and factors associated with crop diversification among 479 smallholder farmers in Manicaland and Masvingo provinces of Zimbabwe. The Herfindahl index used to estimate diversification, while the Tobit model evaluated factors associated with crop diversification. The mean crop diversity index is 0.54. On average households in Nyanga and Bikita are the most diversified with indices of 0.48 and 0.49 respectively. The most specialized households are in Mutasa and Chiredzi with indices of 0.62. An analysis by gender shows that male headed households are slightly more diversified than female headed households. The Tobit model indicates that gender of head of household, education, number of livestock units, access to irrigation, membership to a farmers group, access to markets, farming experience, farms on flat terrain, farmer to farm extension, routine extension, agro-ecological zone and household income are significant contributors to increasing crop diversification. In turn, crop specialization is significantly associated with off-farm employment, soil fertility, farmers who are happy with extension contacts per year, farmers trained using the farmer field school approach and farmers who receive NGO extension support.</p>
Ratio of Surface Roughness to Flow Scale as Additional Parameter for Shear-induced Hemolysis
Authors: Watanabe Nobuo , Ueda Sunao , Nagashima Kentaro , Oguri Taku , Mita Toshihiro 
Published: May 2016

Background In addition to the conventional knowledge that shear stress and its exposure time should have a large impact on hemolysis, it became obvious through Dr. Maruyama's study that surface roughness would be the additional factor for high shear-induced hemolysis. Concerning this new information, we hypothesized that the ratio of surface roughness to the flow scale should play a role as the additional factor for shear-induced hemolysis. The purpose of this study was to develop a constant shear generator as the method to provide a controlled shear flow field with the combination between the controlled surface roughness and the flow scale to the blood cells. Its preliminary application was to validate our hypothesis. Methods We prototyped the constant shear stress generator with the cylindrical cone-cup structure made from the acrylic material. This chamber had 3 flow scales of 1.00, 1.25, and 1.5 mm according to the change of the inner stationary cone, at which the surface roughness was distributed into the several levels between 0.14 and 0.92 micrometers in arithmetic average roughness. Using this shear chamber, we examined what effect the flow scale and the surface roughness had on hemolysis. Results Our experimental data showed the tendency of a positive correlation between the ratio of surface roughness to the flow scale and the induced hemolysis levels, validating our hypothesis. Conclusions The ratio of the surface roughness to the flow scale should be the additional parameter for shear-induced hemolysis.
Wi-Fi Adoption and Security in Hong Kong
Authors: Fong Ken Kin-Kiu , Wong Stanley Kam Sing 
Published: May 2016

<p>WiFi is the fastest and most cost-effective way of wireless Internet connectivity. Nowadays, almost all of the mobile phones and an increasing number of home entertainment systems are WiFi-enabled. Being the key enabler of the “Internet of Everything”, WiFi brings including people, processes, data and devices, together and turns data into valuable information that makes life better and business thrive. With all mobile devices, wearable gadgets, home entertainment systems and home automation systems connected together and linked to the Internet, devices can now interact with one another and data be shared among the devices. However, transmitting information across the WiFi network means leaving your computer or devices vulnerable to attack, giving unscrupulous people the opportunity to intercept traffic, selectively eavesdrop on critical communications or even the administrative access and thus the ability to harvest all the information they want. All these threats highlight the growing importance of keeping your WiFi secure from unauthorized access and malicious attacks.</p><p>Basing on empirically collected quantitative data, this paper presents a comprehensive study on Hong Kong people’s knowledge about WiFi security and their use of WiFi in connecting the Internet. Findings of the study shed light on the knowledge gaps of Hong Kong WiFi users in using and setting up WiFi connections so that service providers, policy makers and stakeholders can devise appropriate security measures to improve the security of WiFi connection. The study also canvasses and analyses the views of the users on the connectivity and quality of free and commercial WiFi service in Hong Kong. The findings can help government and private WiFi operators to further improve the service provided. </p>
A New Heuristic Method for Transportation Network and Land Use Problem
Authors: Bald Mouhamadou A.M.T. , Ndiaye Babacar M. 
Published: May 2016

Our paper deals with the Transportation Network and Land Use (TNLU) problem. It consists in finding, simultaneously, the best location of urban area activities, as well as of the road network design that may minimize the moving cost in the network, and the network costs. We propose a new mixed integer programming formulation of the problem, and a new heuristic method for the resolution of TNLU. Then, we give a methodology to find locations or relocations of some Dakar region amenities (home, shop, work and leisure places), that may reduce travel time or travel distance. The proposed methodology mixes multi-agent simulation with combinatorial optimization techniques; that is individual agent strategies versus global optimization using Geographical Information System. Numerical results which show the effectiveness of the method, and simulations based on the scenario of Dakar city are given.
Evaluatievermogen bij beleidsdepartementen
Authors: Klein Haarhuis Carolien M. , Parapuf Andreea 
Published: May 2016

Exploring evaluation capacity in Dutch central policy departments
In this article, we explore how evaluations are managed by Dutch policy departments in terms of six aspects of evaluation capacity: institutions, programming, budgeting, evaluation process and content, and finally, evaluation use. We also sketch how international organisations and a number of larger countries deal with these issues of evaluation capacity. Internationally, a variety of norms, checklists and procedures demonstrate that the commissioning party is considered to play a key role in the realisation of evaluations as well as their use. Here, evaluation and evaluation knowledge are often viewed as part of the policy process rather than as a separate exercise. Our description of evaluation practices in Dutch policy departments reveals that several capacity-enhancing initiatives were developed in the past few years, such as new evaluation institutions or structures and programs to promote the commissioning of effectiveness evaluations. It also suggests, however, that accountability is an important driving force behind evaluation, perhaps more powerful than learning.
Oog voor succes: een pleidooi voor positieve beleidsevaluatie
Authors: van der Knaap Peter , Turksema Rudi 
Published: May 2016

Looking for success: a plea for positive policy evaluation
One of the classic issues in literature on policy evaluation is that of utilization: how can we make sure the results of evaluative inquiry are used more and better? Traditionally, the answer to this question is often searched in improvement of evaluation quality (accuracy, reliability, independence of the researcher) or evaluation processes (more interaction and responsiveness). Although these are and remain crucial elements for any evaluation, the focus remains on the supply side of evaluation. The psychological insight that people tend to learn more from positive feedback and success is not taken into account.In this article, we ask whether and how a more positive form of evaluation may contribute to a more effective cycle of learning and accountability. What if – instead of failure, compliance, and accountability – the main focus of monitoring and evaluative inquiry would be to identify and foster achievements that were successful and effective? How would such a positive approach look like and how can it help the actual utilization and usefulness of evaluation? On the basis of theory and international case studies the article describes how focusing on the positive elements of policy and/or implementation may contribute to the demand for and utilization of evaluations.
Een reactie op een reactie: artikel 2:210 lid 5 BW
Authors: Josephus Jitta M.W. 
Published: May 2016

Een reactie op een reactie: artikel 2:210 lid 5 BW
In deze reactie wordt ingegaan op de reactie van Schwarz en Wolf op de bijdrage van Van Hooff, waar het gaat om de gevolgen van artikel 2:210 lid 5 jo. artikel 2:248 lid 2 BW. Op grond van de rechtspraak van de Hoge Raad komt de auteur tot de conclusie dat de zorg van Schwarz en Wolf dat bij toepassing van artikel 2:210 lid 5 BW de sanctie van artikel 2:248 lid 2 BW eerder zou intreden dan zonder toepassing van artikel 2:210 lid 5 BW, ongegrond is.
Doorwerking van aandeelhoudersovereenkomsten na invoering van de flex-BV: wat is het alternatief?
Authors: van der Weijden T.L.M. 
Published: May 2016

Doorwerking van aandeelhoudersovereenkomsten na invoering van de flex-BV: wat is het alternatief?
Uit recente jurisprudentie blijkt dat de praktijk nog steeds worstelt met de vraag in hoeverre contractuele verplichtingen uit hoofde van een aandeelhoudersovereenkomst doorwerken binnen de vennootschapsrechtelijke verhoudingen. De invoering van de flex-BV heeft hier kennelijk onvoldoende verduidelijking gebracht. Aan de hand van enkele alternatieven voor aandeelhoudersovereenkomsten worden aanbevelingen gedaan voor de wetgever.
The Society for American Archaeology’s Task Forces on Landscape Policy Issues
Authors: Altschul Jeffrey H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe management of cultural resources by federal land-managing agencies in the United States is moving in the direction of programmatic approaches that consider archaeological resources on a regional or landscape level. In 2014, the Society for American Archaeology (SAA), in response to meetings with federal agencies, established three task forces on issues related to landscape-scale cultural resource management (CRM). The task forces focused on: (1) survey data quality, durability, and use; (2) incorporating archaeological resources in regional land-use plans; and (3) valuing archaeological resources. Revised reports of the task forces are being published in this issue of Advances in Archaeological Practice. This paper provides the context and history of the task forces, particularly the CRM challenges facing federal land-managing agencies leading to the selection of topics that are subjects of the published articles.
The Site Tour
Authors: J. Ellick Carol 
Published: May 2016

AbstractArchaeological site tours are a common form of public outreach, but are they done as well as possible? Do they convey the information that is intended and are they effective in teaching about archaeology, culture, professionalism, and ethics? Over the years, I’ve been asked by cultural resource management (CRM) firms and university anthropology department field school directors for information on how to construct and give site tours. In the past, responding to this request meant cobbling together information from various sources and adding commentary. The intent of this article is to bring all of that information, along with 25-plus years of experience, together into one comprehensive narrative with the intention of providing guidance for those who have trepidations about offering site tours as a form of public outreach.
Glycated Hemoglobin Testing to Identify Undiagnosed Diabetes Mellitus in the Inpatient Setting
Authors: Jones Dustin , Scharfenberg Brian , Perkins Jessica , Childers Keri , Dogbey Godwin Y. , Shubrook Jay H. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract

Background: Hyperglycemia is commonly seen in hospitalized patients. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) correlates with the average blood glucose level over the previous 8 to 12 weeks. Thus, an HbA1c test offers a longitudinal view that reduces etiologic ambiguity of disease. Screening of HbA1c levels plays an important role in the diagnosis and management of diabetes mellitus in the outpatient setting but remains underused in the evaluation of hyperglycemia with undiagnosed diabetes in the inpatient setting. The underuse of the HbA1c test may be a missed opportunity for early diabetes detection in the hospital.

Objective: To examine the use of HbA1c tests in identifying previously undiagnosed diabetes mellitus among patients with hyperglycemia in a rural inpatient setting.

Methods: A retrospective review of medical records of hospitalized patients with hyperglycemia in a rural community teaching hospital in the Midwest. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used.

Results: Medical records of 348 unique patients with hyperglycemia were reviewed. Fifty patients treated for hyperglycemia had medical records with no known history of diabetes (NKHD). Of the 50 patients with NKHD, 31 (62%) had an HbA1c test. Of the 31 patients tested, 6 (19%) had HbA1c levels consistent with the diagnosis of prediabetes, and 18 (58%) had levels consistent with diabetes. Seventeen (55%) of the 31 patients had a discharge diagnosis that included diabetes. Of the 19 patients with NKHD who did not have an HbA1c test, 2 (11%) received a discharge diagnosis that included diabetes.

Conclusion: Hospitalized patients with NKHD and hyperglycemia are more likely to receive an appropriate diagnosis if HbA1c is measured. Failing to fully use HbA1c tests in the inpatient setting constitutes a missed opportunity to distinguish transient hyperglycemia from chronic disease. The HbA1c level can elucidate the course of dys-glycemia and trigger mechanisms for timely intervention.
Cancer Mortality Trends in Medically Underserved Counties in Virginia
Authors: Kennedy Katie N. , Meacham Susan L. , Sukpraprut Suporn , Kwakye Stephanie S. , Atkinson Kristy K. , Bailey Brooke N. , Chavis Danielle N. , Thompson Brittany E. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract

Context: Cancer mortality rates in the United States have improved during the past 40 years. The improvement in mortality rates is not equal for all types of cancer or all geographic locations, however.

Objective: To compare trends in cancer mortality rates in Virginia counties from 2005 through 2009.

Methods: Publicly available data from the National Cancer Institute, the State Cancer Profile, and the Virginia Department of Health were accessed for this analysis. For all counties in Virginia with all-cancer and lung cancer mortality data available, the authors compared counties considered medically underserved areas (VMUAs) with non-VMUAs to examine trends in cancer mortality rates that increased, remained stable, or decreased from 2005 through 2009. The significance level for all data was set at P≤.05.

Results: Of 136 counties in Virginia, 134 had all-cancer and 123 had lung cancer mortality data available. The VMUAs had a 48% lower decreasing all-cancer mortality rate than non-VMUAs (13 [26%] vs 37 [74%], respectively; P=.004). Non-VMUAs had a 33.3% higher stable all-cancer mortality rate than VMUAs (50 [66.6%] vs 25 [33.3%], respectively; P=.004) and a 55.2% higher lung cancer mortality rate (17 [22.4%] vs 59 [77.6%], respectively; P<.001).

Conclusion: The all-cancer and lung cancer mortality rates were found to either remain stable or, in the case of all-cancer mortality, to increase in VMUAs.
As Competências Contemporâneas do Secretário Executivo e a Relação Com as Competências do Middle Manager
Authors: Moreira Katia Denise , Rodrigues Luci Mari Aparecida , Freire do Vale Juliana Cidrack , Rosa Marize Helena da 
Published: May 2016

À medida que se considera o profissional do Secretariado Executivo como atuante junto às posições de liderança, pressupõe-se que haja correlação entre as competências desse profissional e aquelas do middle manager. Realizou-se, então, esta pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa e descritiva, na qual se procurou analisar a possível natureza de tal correlação. Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, baseada em livros, artigos, leis e outros documentos que tratam do assunto. Após se elencar as competências e funções de ambos os profissionais, os dados levantados foram categorizados e analisados a partir da tipologia da gerência intermediária elaborada por Floyd e Wooldridge (1992), com o auxílio da técnica de Análise de Conteúdo. Como resultado, confirmou-se, em âmbito teórico, uma forte correlação entre as funções e competências daqueles profissionais.