bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applicazione del Metodo Gemellare nell'Analisi del Comportamento e del Condizionamento Motorio
Authors: Turi G. , Recchia V. , Vallarino F. 
Published: July 2016

L'uso della cinematografia nello studio delle reazioni comportamentali è stato applicato da diversi autori. Definito da Gesell (1952) «cinemanalisi», tale metodo è stato dallo stesso autore proposto per uno studio metodico del comportamento dei gemelli. Successivamente, Splinder (1955) impiegò la cinematografia per uno studio sul comportamento globale di otto coppie gemellari MZ e quattro coppie DZ, mentre Freedman (1961) la utilizzò nella diagnosi di zigotismo. Infine, Gedda e Neroni (1955) — considerando la cinematografia quale mezzo tecnico di ricerca, in quanto causa di determinate reazioni — sottoposero 56 coppie di gemelli alla visione di film umoristici ed ansiogeni, riprendendone le reazioni posturali e mimiche.Considerando che, oltre a permettere l'osservazione del comportamento nella sua dinamica globale, esso ne consente l'analisi nelle sue frazioni istantanee (1/24 di sec), il metodo cinematografico è stato da noi utilizzato per un'analisi del movimento. Nel presente lavoro riferiamo le nostre osservazioni sull'analisi del gesto del disegnare. Poiché questo gesto si può considerare prevalentemente condizionato dall'educazione e dall'ambiente culturale, abbiamo ritenuto che l'eventuale dimostrazione di una seppur minima componente ereditaria assumesse un particolare significato.
Heritability of Factors in Creative Thinking and Esthetic Judgment
Authors: Barron Frank 
Published: July 2016

Although the heritability of general intelligence has been the subject of much study and can be considered to be well established, the heritability of specific factors in intellectual functioning has not as yet been the object of such intense scientific inquiry.The recent work of Nichols (1965), utilizing a large sample of twins from the National Merit Scholarship testing program and employing a battery of tests measuring achievement in five different academic areas, is an excellent pioneering study. Nichols used a composite score derived from the five subtests, presuming this to be a measure of general ability, and he found that MZ twins were much more alike than DZ twins with respect to the composite score; about 70% of the variance in the composite could be attributed to heredity. The novel result of his investigation is his discovery that the specific subject areas also have significant heritability components. When the influence of the composite general ability upon subtests was removed statistically, the residual subtest scores also showed considerable heritability.A limitation of Nichols' findings is that the subtests do not offer any potential theoretical link to basic factors in mental functioning. Such measures, however, may be provided by the fundamental factor analytic explorations of Guilford and his associates during the past twenty years. Since our own interest has been in the area of creative thinking and esthetic judgment, we have restricted ourselves in the present investigation to the use of tests in those areas whose factorial classification has been studied previously.
The Unique Contribution of Twin Studies to the Elucidation of Nongenetic Factors in Personality Development and Psychopathogenesis
Authors: Pollin William 
Published: July 2016

Our Section in Bethesda is primarily engaged in studies of schizophrenia and personality formation. I will summarize a number of our ongoing studies, and then briefly focus on a methodological issue: the possibility of twin studies moving beyond their heretofore almost constant, very useful tie to genetic studies.We have previously reported an elaborate multidisciplinary study of a series of MZ twins discordant for schizophrenia, a smaller number of appropriately matched control twin pairs, and their families, aimed at studying nongenetic factors in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia (Pollin et al, 1965, 1966). We have described three interacting groups of variables which consistently differentiated the schizophrenic and nonschizophrenic twins in the discordant pairs (Pollin and Stabenau, 1965). These included an initial set of nongenetic constitutional differences, including birth size, vigor, and physiological competence; consequent different parental perceptions of, and relationships to, each of the twins in a given pair; and subsequent biological and life history differences, based on evolving personality differences, such as in fearfulness, competence, independence, initiative and the like, differentiating the schizophrenic index and the nonschizophrenic cotwins.
Twenty-one Psychiatric Cases and their MZ Cotwins A thirty years' follow-up
Authors: Essen-Möller Erik 
Published: July 2016

In 1941, I published a psychiatric study of 69 same-sexed pairs of twins. The index cases were derived from 8596 consecutive admissions to three mental hospitals and one psychiatric unit of a general hospital in South Sweden, every patient being checked for twin birth in the official birth registers. There was no pair with more than one index case. Upon examination, 21 pairs were considered more or less certainly MZ, and 48 DZ. The degree of certainty of the zygosity diagnosis was expressed by a special formula (Essen-Möller, 1941b).Of the 21 index cases, 7 (N. 1-7 of the monograph) were at that time judged schizophrenic. The later course revaled that one more index case (N. 12) was a schizophrenic and should have been included into this diagnostic group, which I shall have to concentrate upon in this brief presentation.Out of the 8 cotwins of the schizophrenic index cases, 5 had presented symptoms of mental disorder up to the time of my investigation, which took place almost thirty years ago. This corresponds so far to a concordance rate of 62%. However, all of the cotwin disorders were relatively mild and transient in nature and consisted mainly of depressive or anxiety states. Even if some of the disordered cotwins had spent some time in a nursing home or in a psychiatric ward of a general hospital, none of them had been admitted to a mental hospital. And, although several of the clinical pictures contained some single trait suggestive of schizophrenia — such as ideas of reference (N. 2 and 7) or hallucinations (N. 5) — in no case a proper diagnosis of schizophrenia could be made. The cotwin who came closest to this diagnosis was a man aged 35 (N. 1), who gave much thought to telepathic phenomena and the like; yet, he was comparatively open-minded and accessible to discussion of his ideas, and he had never been incapacitated by them. Thus, at the time of the first investigation, the correct rate of concordance for schizophrenia in fact was zero. This finding was the more striking as the two other samples published up to that time, those of Luxenburger (1928) and Rosanoff (1934), showed rates of concordance at about 70%, although Luxenburger (1934) later corrected his figure to 33%, for diagnostic reasons. Personally, I was inclined to attribute my zero finding to chance, the number of pairs being small, and also to the relatively short time of observation.
Contributo allo Studio della Schizofrenia nei Gemelli
Authors: Braconi L. 
Published: July 2016

Negli ultimi anni, gli studi gemellari si sono orientati su nuove direttive di ricerca, nel tentativo di spiegare le cause delle oscillazioni di concordanza e il significato delle differenze sintomatologiche nelle coppie MZ affette da schizofrenia (Kringlen, 1964; Pollin e Stabenau, 1966; Gottesman e Shields, 1966; Tienari, 1966).La spiegazione è di certo complessa, spesso ancorata al dualismo eredità-ambiente che tuttora divide gli psichiatri, ma ancor più spesso subordinata a cause teoriche ed empiriche inerenti alia materia e al materiale di studio. Prima tra tutte, il criterio nosografico della schizofrenia, ancora non delimitata dalle altre malattie psichiche (teorie quantitative di Bleuler, Kretschmer, Meyer, etc.), oppure nettamente differenziata nelle sue varietà cliniche (teorie qualitative di Jaspers, Kleist, Leon-hard, etc.). II concetto unitario si contrappone a quello dualistico che delimita ezio-logicamente le differenti forme tipiche e atipiche.Una seconda fonte di errori risiede nella metodologia di ricerca, che negli studi gemellari si complica per la scarsa disponibilità di materiale, per la sua dispersione, per la difficoltà di seguire parallelamente i due gemelli nel multiforme decorso della malattia, nelle sue variazioni nel tempo, nell'età, nel contesto socioculturale, etc. Infime, non è da trascurare l'impostazione soggettiva del ricercatore (da cui nessuno sfugge), che porta involontariamente ad un pensiero autistico, condizionante la soluzione di un dubbio.
Introduction au Symposium
Authors: Gedda L. 
Published: July 2016

Je souhaite la bienvenue, et j'adresse mes remerciements, à tous les chercheurs et savants, venus de diverses régions d'Europe et d'Amérique et qui, aujourd'hui, se trouvent réunis dans notre Institut pour discuter des problèmes qui ne peuvent pas être plus actuels, concernant les recherches sur les antimitotiques.Je remercie les Autorités qui ont bien voulu donner leur adhésion à ce Symposium et ont voulu l'honorer de leur présence.Notre réunion prend une signification particulière du fait que les études sur les antimitotiques à régard de la chimiothérapie expérimentale des tumeurs ne remontent pratiquement, de façon officielle, qu'à une vingtaine d'années. C'est en effet en 1946 que parurent les travaux de Haddow et Sexton sur « Influence of carbamic esters (uretanes) on experimental animal tumors » (Nature, 157, 1946) et ceux de Gilman et Philips sur « The biological actions and the therapeutic applications of the o-chlo-roethyl-amines and sulphides » (Science, 103, 1946). Ce n'est que deux années plus tard que paraîtront les observations de Sidney Farber et de ses collaborateurs sur l'emploi des antifoliques dans la leucémie aiguë des enfants. Au cours des années successives, noue assistons à une floraison de recherches sur les antimitotiques, spécialement à Londres, au Chester Beatty, à New York, au Sloan-Kettering, et à Boston, au Children's Cancer Research Foundation. Je ne rappellerai que les étapes les plus importantes de ces recherches qui ont conduit à une sélection de substances antimitotiques d'une efficace action antitumorale: en 1953, apparaissent la 6-mercaptopurine, le Colcemid, le dyméthansulphoniloxibutane; en 1956, le Chlorambucil; en 1960, le Trenimon, l'Endoxan, la Vinblastine, le 5-Fluorouracil; en 1962, la Vincristine et l'hydroxyurée; en 1963, les méthylidrazines. Et ce ne sont là que quelques uns des nombreux cytostatiques étudiés jusqu'à présent.
Attempts to establish New Experimental Methods to study Antitumoral Drugs
Authors: Garattini S. , Donelli M. G. , Morasca L. , Rainisio C. , Rosso R. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThis paper summarizes some studies recently carried out in this Institute in the field of cancer chemotherapy.Three main groups of data are reported:a) different sensitivity to chemotherapy of the same tumor transplanted in different sites of the body;b) a method to study cancer dissemination as a basis for cancer chemotherapy;c) a system to perfuse tissue culture with the blood of living animals as an approach to study duration of action of antitumoral drugs.
Biologic Effects of Recent Antimitotic Compounds:A comparative evaluation
Authors: Eridani S. , Tiso R. , Ponti G. B. , Valentini R. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryAn evaluation of the antimitotic activity of a group of antitumoral agents was performed. Their action was first assayed on chick embryo blood forming tissue, determining its survival, mitotic index and mitotic differential count: the statistically most active compounds were demecolcin, vinblastine and cyclophosphamide.The same compounds were also tested on thein vitroblastic transformation of human leukocytes and their incorporation of tritiated DNA and RNA precursors.The most active compounds in this assay was 5 fluorouracil; a lesser degree of inhibition was caused by vinblastine, cyclophosphamide and mechloretamine.The effect of a single massive dose of the same compoundsin vivowas also studied determining thein vitroactivity of leukocytes of such patients, removed 48 hrs after the administration.Preliminary results show that such leukocytes lose in variable degree their phyto-responsivenessin vitro.
Le Sulphate de Vincristine dans le Traitement de la Leucose Aiguë de l'Enfance
Authors: Colarizi A. , Stegagno G. , Digilio G. , Multari G. 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARY41 children with acute leukemia were treated with Vincristine Sulphate. Total remission was obtained in 17 out of 22 patients (77%) in whom Vincristine was used as the first drug.19 patients who had been treated previously with other antimitotic drugs and have become resistant to them, received Vincristine: total remission occurred in 7 cases and partial remission in 3 cases within 4-10 weeks of therapy.A case is reported of a child still surviving three years and seven months from the beginning of the disease and two years and 4 months from completion of therapy with Vincristine.
The Treatment of Lymphomas with Vincaleukoblastine and Methylhydrazine
Authors: Anglesio E. , Calciati A. , Caramello V. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryResults of Chemotherapic treatment in Hodgkin's disease are reported. 23 cases were treated by Vincaleucoblastine, 19 by Methylhydrazine, and 12 by both drugs. With VLB we obtained 6 complete remissions, 12 partial remissions and 5 failures; with MH the remissions were 9 complete, 4 partial and 6 failures. An improvement was obtained by the use of both drugs successively administered and repeatedly.
Chemotherapy in Polycythemia Vera
Authors: Stecher G. , Reinhardt G. 
Published: July 2016

Summary210 cases of polycythemia vera were observed over a period of 15 years. The majority of them received P32; treatment with Myleran instead of with radioactive phosphorus was instituted only recently. To a small number of patients chemotherapy was given alternately with P32. The differing response pattern to either kind of treatment and the possible interference of therapy with the natural development of the disease process are demonstrated in a few selected cases.
Neuere Untersuchungen zur Thrombopathie (v. Willebrand-Jürgens) auf den Ålands-Inseln (Finnland)
Authors: Lehmann Wolfgang 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYThe heredity investigation on thrombopathia (v. Willebrand-Jürgens) at Aaland-Is. revealed the autosome-dominant inheritance of this blood disorder. Until now, it has been possible to keep watch on thrombopathia for five generations. The penetration of the thrombopathia gene is high, the expressiveness is unsteady. The bleeding tendency occurs in both sexes. On a number of patients, recent investigations have shown, that there can be a certain deficiency of factor VIII (AHG) as well as the functional disorder of thrombocytes. The role of factor VIII deficiency in the pathogenesis of thrombopathia (v. Willerand-Jürgens) is not clear yet. Recent investigations on patients with aalandish throm-bopathia have shown certain morphalogical changes in thrombocytes, not existing in thrombocytes of healthy persons.
Gli aspetti genetici delle anemie emolitiche nei loro riflessi scheletrici
Authors: Ascenzi A. , Ferrara A. , Torlontano G. 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYThe comparative studies on the changes of the skull in the familial hemolytic anemias does not support the hypotesis of Gänsslen which states that in hereditary spherocytosis oxycephaly is a consequence of precocious synostosis of the coronal suture through irritation induced by hyperplastic marrow.On the basis of craniometric researches performed on patients and their relatives, the Authors suggest that oxycephaly might be considered as a feature referable to some peculiar racial characteristics of the populations among which the disease is manifested.
Sindrome oftalmologica (crisi superogire e fenomeno degli occhi di bambola o del Cantelli) in malattia da situazione Rh diversamente grave in una coppia gemellare dizigotica
Authors: Gedda L. , Bérard-Magistretti S. , Giobbe G. 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYThe Authors describe a pair of dizygotic twins of different sex, affected by hemolytic disease of the newborn in form of nuclear icterus. On the basis of the different severity of the disease, the Authors underline the role played not only by the immunization degree of the mother, by the type of the produced antibodies and by the placental filtration, but also by other fetal factors. Oculogyric crises and Cantelli's sign, observed up to now only in Parkinson's disease, are for the first time related to the nervous lesions induced by the icterus.
Étude immuno-électrophorétique des protéines sériques des jumeaux nouveaux-nés
Authors: Antonini Bruno 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYThe numerous protein fractions of human serum, which can be determined by immuno-electrophoretic analysis, appear one after another in the course of fetal development. By the fifth month after birth they are all present. Examining the protein fractions in monozygotic and dizygotic twins, it is possible to find the exact time of appearance of those fractions which are missing at birth, i.e. a singleα2-fraction and twoβ2-fractions.The appearance of these three fractions always varies from four weeks to five months after birth.We were able to demonstrate that the synthesis of these fractions took place at the same time in monozygotic twins and at different times in dizygotic twins.These observations confirm the hypothesis that the synthesis of proteins—either singly or in groups—may be submitted to multiple genetic influences.Finally present concepts of the protein « serum-groups » are discussed.
Un Maestro e un Esempio
Authors: Gedda Luigi 
Published: July 2016

Come genetista e direttore di Acta Geneticae Medicae et Gemellologiae sono lieto di dedicare il « Supplementum primum » alla figura del Prof. Otmar Freiherr von Verschuer in occasione del suo 60mo compleanno.Mi muove a far questo la riconoscenza, perchè quando elaboravo il mio trattato sui gemelli ho trovato un singolare aiuto nel consiglio del Prof. O. von Verschuer che egli mi ha offerto con quella profondità e competenza che caratterizzano il suo ingegno e con quella nobiltà e generosità che distinguono il suo cuore.Ed anche quando l'Istituto Mendel, che ho l'onore di dirigere, si è presentato all'attenzione degli studiosi di genetica ho trovato immediata comprensione ed appoggio nel Prof. O. von Verschuer, il quale ha preso parte come relatore al « I° Symposium » di Genetica Medica organizzato in occasione dell'inaugurazione dell'Istituto (Roma, 1953).Se riferisco questo non è solo per il doveroso ricordo di una personale esperienza, quanto per mettere in luce un aspetto molto importante nella vita del Nostro che dimostra con la signorilità e la generosità del sapere la sua ricchezza interiore, giustificando in questo modo l'affetto di cui è circondato e facendo comprendere come mai egli abbia potuto crescere una Scuola così fedele alla sua Persona e cosi feconda nella produzione scientifica.
Zur Klinik, Symptomatologie, Pathogenese und Erbpathologie des Klippel-Trénaunay-Weber-schen Syndroms
Authors: Koch Gerhard 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYThe Klippel-Trénaunay-Parkes Weber-syndrome (K.T.W.) is a congenital malformation with partial gigantism (osteohypertrophy), naevi and varicose veins in the fully developed trias of symptoms. According to arterio- and phlebographic findings varicose veins are usually the result of mal-and deformations of the deep venous system or arteriovenous anastomosis, rarely of the arterial system alone.In a critical consideration of all hypotheses about aetiology and pathogenesis of the K.T.W.-syndrome is discussed that there is no satisfactory explanation for the assumption that the syndrome is a exogenous malformation.It is pointed out that so far there have been no family investigation of a greater extent. The statistic survey of the existing family investigations showes that the K.T.W.-syndrome is most variable in its phaenotypical manifestation and also has a strong intra-and interfamiliar variability. Heredopathologically is suggested that apart from a weak (?) principal gene secondary genes are essential for the manifestation. The mode of inheritance may be either dominant or recessive. The existence of various biotypes is considered probable. It is proposed to count the K.T.W.-syndrome into the group of the ectome-sodermal malformations (Oehler), the hamartomata (Wohlwill), the phacomatoses (van der Hoewe) or the neuro-cutaneous syndromes. 2 own cases are described.
Ueber die Vererbung der Iriskrypten und ihren Zusammenhang mit der Irispigmentierung
Authors: Wichmann Dietrich 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYA certain amount of material is provided for studying the heredity of fissures of the iris, and it seems that such a heredity is probably not of monohybrid nature. The relationship between fissures and pigmentation of the iris has been confirmed and noted also by earlier researches. This connection may be explained by the fact that fissures of the iris-appearing even earlier, during embriological development—leave fewer chromatophores in the stratum limitans anterior for the formation of pigment. It thus follows that the colour of the iris, which is determined by comparing it with table of colours of the eye, would not be of monohybrid heredity. It is doubtful even when both colour and structure of the iris are contemporaneously studied in order to realise a polysymptomatic resemblance—as for the diagnosis of monovular twins of the diagnostic of paternity—since the logical basis for establishing a polysymptomatic comparison of resemblance is, in fact, given by the independance of partial signs connected one with another. This goes for all cases, whether or no statistical methods are used for the critical examination of such researches, such as, for example, Essen-Möller's formula (3,4) (Wichmann 22, 23).
Beobachtungen an sieben Zwillingspaaren mit Hirntumoren
Authors: Kuhnen Bernhard 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYThe present work deals with the question of the heredity of intracranial tumours, the twin method constituting hereby the basis for investigation.1. In an unselected series of twins collected from the Psychiatric and Neurological Clinic of the university of Münster (Psychiatrische und Nervenklinik der Universität Münster) in the case of seven examined pairs of twins (3 monozygotic, 4 dizygotic: like sex and unlike sex) manifestation of cerebral tumours is dissimilar (table II).2. This unselected series combined with previous casuistic reports published until now in world literature (table I) of twins with cerebral tumours has not yet brought a sufficient basis for definite genetic conclusion. The question of inheritance in cerebral tumours will only be elucidated by procuring and reviewing material from a larger unselected series of twin patients afflicted with cerebral tumours.
Nouvelle contribution à l'étude du test de Rorschach chez des jumeaux
Authors: Schachter M. , Chatenet Mme H. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThe conclusions they arrive at, is that from the standpoint of the Rotest, the twins (mono-or-dizygotic) present themselves as distinct and original personalities. The predominant rôle played by the peristasis over the constitution is thus emphasized.Thirty couples of twins (23 mono-and 7 dizygotic) were studied with the Rorschach-test.Detailed analysis is given especially for the larger groupe of monozygotic twins; the identical responses and the quantitatively identical Ro-factors, being particularly discussed with the help of synoptic tables. In spite of their findings, the authors underline the scarcity and little significance of the identical factors.