bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simplifying the screening of abdominal adiposity in Chinese children with waist‐to‐height ratio
Authors: Dong Bin , Wang Zhiqiang , Arnold Luke W. , Song Yi , Wang Hai‐Jun , Ma Jun 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectivesThe current age‐ and sex‐specific waist circumference (WC) reference for defining abdominal adiposity in Chinese children is quite complex. This study aimed to evaluate the optimal waist‐to‐height ratio (WHtR) thresholds based on the estimated WC references.MethodsA cross‐sectional analysis of data from 121,025 Chinese children aged 7–18 years collected in 2010 was performed. Optimal WHtR thresholds were selected by Youden's index using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, with the estimated references of WC in Chinese children used as the gold standard.ResultsThe optimal cut‐off values for identifying abdominally overweight and obese children were 0.44 and 0.46, respectively. Across the different sex and age groups, the proposed thresholds revealed high negative predictive values and areas under the ROC curve (≥0.857), and moderate to high sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive values, ranging from 0.48 to 1.00.ConclusionsThe proposed WHtR thresholds reduce the number of cut‐off values from 48 to 2, and have a high discriminatory ability to identify abdominal adiposity in Chinese children. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:945–949, 2016. © 2016Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Allylic Substitution for the Synthesis of Pericosines
Authors: Chung Cheng‐Yu , Angamuthu Venkatachalam , Li Long‐Shiang , Hou Duen‐Ren 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA sequence of vinylalumination of α‐substituted aldehydes, ring‐closing metathesis (RCM), and palladium‐catalyzed allylic substitution was utilized to prepare the biologically active natural products, pericosines, from d‐ribose. The anti‐adduct of vinylalumination was transformed into pericosine A after RCM, removal of the 4‐methoxybenzyl protecting group, and chlorination. The diacetate of the anti‐adduct was converted to pericosine C after the palladium‐catalyzed, SN2′‐type, allylic substitution. However, an unexpected dimeric product was generated in utilizing this approach to prepare pericosine E.
Therapy with eculizumab for patients with CD59 p.Cys89Tyr mutation
Authors: Mevorach Dror , Reiner Inna , Grau Amir , Ilan Uri , Berkun Yackov , Ta‐Shma Asaf , Elpeleg Orly , Shorer Zamir , Edvardson Simon , Tabib Adi 
Published: August 2016

ObjectiveThe objective of this work was to report on the outcome of eculizumab treatment in pediatric patients with recurrent acute predominantly motor, demyelinating neuropathy with conduction block, and chronic hemolysis attributed to p.Cys89Tyr mutation in the CD59 gene.MethodsFour patients were recruited from our new registry of patients with homozygosity for the p.Cys89Tyr mutation on CD59. Participants received repeated intravenous eculizumab. In this 24‐month open‐label phase IIa study, we aimed to determine whether eculizumab reduces chronic hemolysis, and cumulative doses of steroids and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), and ameliorates neurological deficits, compared to pretreatment status. Treatment response was evaluated every 2 to 4 weeks over 104 weeks and included examination with gross motor scoring by American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale and Inflammatory Neuropathy Cause and Treatment disability score, laboratory examination, well‐being [12‐item Short Form Health Survey; SF‐12]). Neurological relapses and cumulative dose of IVIGs and/or corticosteroids before and after treatment were documented. Red blood cells (RBCs) and neutrophils were stained to evaluate C5b‐9 deposition. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01579838.ResultsDramatic and significant neurological amelioration in the upper limbs and trunk with more‐modest amelioration in the lower limbs was observed in all patients. Corticosteroid and IVIG treatment was completely stopped. No patient relapsed during treatment despite infections, and there were no hospital admissions. Decreased C3bi and C5b‐9 deposition on RBCs and neutrophils was documented (p < 0.0001). The SF‐12 health questionnaires indicated significant improvement (p < 0.003).InterpretationEculizumab was safely administered to these patients. Marked clinical improvement suggests that eculizumab may be a life‐saving treatment for patients with acute predominantly motor, demyelinating neuropathy with conduction block, and secondary axonal damage attributed to primary p.Cys89Tyr mutation in the CD59 gene. Ann Neurol 2016;80:708–717
Can bio‐based chemicals meet demand? Global and regional case‐study around citrus waste‐derived limonene as a solvent for cleaning applications
Authors: Paggiola Giulia , Stempvoort Sytze Van , Bustamante Julen , Barbero José Manuel Vega , Hunt Andrew J. , Clark James H. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractOne common factor across many economies around the world is their high dependency on petroleum. The chemical sector is no exception and considering the paramount role that solvents play within this industry they make an ideal focus for investigating green transition potential. This work attempts to shed some light on the scarce literature regarding the quantitative assessment of substitution capacity in target markets, by examining a case study of toluene use as an industrial cleaning agent and its replacement by limonene, a widely established citrus‐peel‐derived alternative in a number of applications. The systematic approach presented here compares market demand against potential supply by evaluating current and projected scenarios based on citrus fruit and juice production both at global and regional level. The results clearly show that the potential for complete substitution of toluene by limonene at global level is certainly out of reach, but encouraging results were obtained in specific regional substitution case studies, considering both citrus‐producing and citrus‐importing countries. In these cases, there is a clear potential for limonene to substitute toluene as a solvent within and beyond the cleaning sector, leaving space for future work in this area to investigate the transition potential for other important bio‐based chemicals. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Mixing and mass transfer in a pilot scale U‐loop bioreactor
Authors: Petersen Leander A.H. , Villadsen John , Jørgensen Sten B. , Gernaey Krist V. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTA system capable of handling a large volumetric gas fraction while providing a high gas to liquid mass transfer is a necessity if the metanotrophic bacterium Methylococcus capsulatus is to be used in single cell protein (SCP) production. In this study, mixing time and mass transfer coefficients were determined in a 0.15 m3 forced flow U‐loop fermenter of a novel construction. The effect on the impeller drawn power when a gas was introduced into the system was also studied. Mixing time decreased and mass transfer increased with increasing volumetric liquid flow rate and specific power input. This happened also for a large volume fraction of the gas, which was shown to have only minor effect on the power drawn from the pump impeller. Very large mass transfer coefficients, considerably higher than those obtainable in an STR and previous tubular loop reactors, could be achieved in the U‐loop fermenter equipped with static mixers at modest volumetric liquid and gas flow rates. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 344–354. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pharmacokinetic study of ardisiacrispin A in rat plasma after intravenous administration by UPLC–MS/MS
Authors: Fang Bingmu , Bao Shihui , Wang Shuanghu , Chen Minle , Chen Bingbao , Su Ke , Wen Congcong , Zhou Yunfang , Wang Xianqin , Jin Yuepeng 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn this work, a sensitive and selective UPLC‐MS/MS method for determination of ardisiacrispin A in rat plasma was developed. Cyasterone used as an internal standard (IS) and protein precipitation by acetonitrile–methanol (9:1, v/v) was used to prepare samples. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a UPLC BEH C18 column (2.1 × 100 mm, 1.7 μm) with 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile as the mobile phase with gradient elution. An electrospray ionization source was applied and operated in positive ion mode; multiple reaction monitoring mode was used for quantification using target fragment ions m/z 1083.5 → 407.1 for ardisiacrispin A and m/z 521.3 → 485.2 for IS. Calibration plots were linear throughout the range 5–2000 ng/mL for ardisiacrispin A in rat plasma. Mean recoveries of ardisiacrispin A in rat plasma ranged from 80.4 to 92.6%. The values of RSD of intra‐ and inter‐day precision were both <11%. The accuracy of the method was between 97.3 and 105.6%. The method was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic study of ardisiacrispin A after intravenous administration in rats.
Simultaneous determination of pyrroquinazoline alkaloids and flavonoids in Adhatoda beddomei and Adhatoda vasica and their marketed herbal formulations using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry
Authors: Singh Awantika , Kumar Sunil , Bajpai Vikas , Kumar Brijesh 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAdhatoda beddomei and Adhatoda vasica leaf, known as ‘Vasaka’ and/or ‘Vasa’ in Ayurveda and ‘Malabar nut’ in English, is an official drug in the Indian Pharmacopoeia. The medicinal properties of these plants are due to the presence of pyrroquinazoline alkaloids. An UHPLC–ESI/MS/MS method in both positive and negative electrospray ionization in multiple‐reaction‐monitoring mode was developed and validated for the estimation of alkaloids and flavonoids in Adhatoda species and their marketed herbal formulations. Chromatographic separation was achieved on an Acquity UPLC® BEH C18‐column using a gradient elution with 0.1% formic acid in water and methanol. The developed method was validated as per International Conference on Harmonization guidelines and found to be accurate with overall recovery in the range 94.2–105.0% (RSD ≤ 1.71%), precise (RSD ≤ 3.44%) and linear (R2 ≥ 0.9992) over the concentration range of 0.5–1000 ng/mL. The total content of alkaloids and flavonoids were highest in the chloroform and aqueous fraction of A. vasica leaf, respectively. The results indicated that the developed method was simple, rapid, sensitive, selective and accurate for the estimation of multiple bioactive constituents in crude mixture, and therefore could make a contribution to the quality control of Adhatoda species and its derived herbal formulations.
Gene expression profile analysis of dbpA knockdown in colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Liu Ruiting , Wang Guorong , Liu Chang , Qiu Jian , Yan Likun , Li Xiaojun , Wang Xiaoqiang 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDNA‐binding protein A (dbpA) has been reported associated with the pathogenesis and development of various cancers. However, no evidence showed the gene expression profiling alternation involved in dbpA knockdown in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Small interference RNA (siRNA) method was used to knock down dbpA expression in SW620 cells. The changes of gene expression profiles in dbpA knockdown SW620 cells were determined by microarray analysis and Western blot. A total of 578 genes expressed differentially (twofold change), 181 genes were up‐regulated, and 397 down‐regulated in the dbpA knockdown group in comparison with the control group. The discrimination reliability was further verified by principal component analysis and Pearson correlation. Gene ontology (GO) pathway analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that the most significantly expressed genes were linked to MAPK signaling pathway. Furthermore, Western blot verified that dbpA knockdown directly inhibited the activations of TAK1, p38, and JNK in CRC cells. In conclusion, dbpA knockdown in SW620 cells altered the expression of carcinogenesis‐associated genes in CRC and the involvement of dbpA on CRC might through MAPK signaling pathway, which might provide valuable evidence to further investigate the correlation between dbpA expression and CRC development.
3D visualization and quantitative analysis of human erythrocyte phagocytosis
Authors: Stachurska Anna , Król Teodora , Trybus Wojciech , Szary Karol , Fabijańska‐Mitek Jadwiga 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSince the erythrophagocytosis of opsonized erythrocytes is investigated mainly by calculating the phagocytic index using subjective light microscopy evaluation, we present methods for the quantitative and qualitative analysis of human cell erythrophagocytosis. Erythrocytes from two storage periods were used. Using Imaris software, we were able to create a three‐dimensional model of erythrophagocytosis. The use of microscopy instead of cytometry revealed a significantly higher number of monocytes and erythrocytes that appeared active in phagocytosis. Spatial reconstruction allowed for detailed analysis of the process by precisely locating erythrocytes in phagocytes. Additionally, a technique of sequential image registration using Nis Elements software allowed for observation of the course of phagocytosis over a range of time intervals. This in vitro research may be helpful for understanding the cellular interactions between monocytes and erythrocytes. The cytometric method—being relatively rapid, sensitive, and specific—can serve as an alternative technique to microscopy in the quantitative analysis of erythrophagocytosis. This allows us to avoid counting the erythrocytes nonspecifically attached to monocytes and gives objective results.
Chromatin fibers: from classical descriptions to modern interpretation
Authors: Kuznetsova Maria A. , Sheval Eugene V. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe first description of intrachromosomal fibers was made by Baranetzky in 1880. Since that time, a plethora of fibrillar substructures have been described inside the mitotic chromosomes, and published data indicate that chromosomes may be formed as a result of the hierarchical folding of chromatin fibers. In this review, we examine the evolution and the current state of research on the morphological organization of mitotic chromosomes.
Early or late intervention in patients with transient ST‐segment elevation acute coronary syndrome: Subgroup analysis of the ELISA‐3 trial
Authors: Badings Erik A. , Remkes Wouter S. , The Salem H.K. , Dambrink Jan‐Henk E. , Tjeerdsma Geert , Rasoul Saman , Timmer Jorik R. , van der Wielen Marloes L.J. , Lok Dirk J.A. , Hermanides Rik , van Wijngaarden Jan , Suryapranata Harry , van 't Hof Arnoud W.J. 
Published: August 2016

ObjectivesTo investigate incidence and patient characteristics of transient ST‐segment elevation (TSTE) ACS and to compare outcome of early versus late invasive treatment.BackgroundOptimal timing of treatment in TSTE–ACS patients is not outlined in current guidelines and no prospective randomized trials have been done so far.MethodsPost hoc subgroup analysis of patients with TSTE randomized in the ELISA 3 trial. This study compared early (<12 h) versus late (>48 h) angiography and revascularization in 542 patients with high‐risk NSTE‐ACS. Primary endpoint was incidence of death, reinfarction, or recurrent ischemia at 30 days follow‐up.ResultsTSTE was present in 129 patients (24.2%) and associated with male gender, smoking and younger age. The primary endpoint occurred in 8.9% of patients with and 13.0% of patients without TSTE (RR = 0.681, P = 0.214). Incidence of death or MI after 2 year follow‐up was 5.7 and 14.6% respectively (RR = 0.384, P = 0.008). Within the group of patients with TSTE, incidence of the primary endpoint was 5.8% in the early and 12.7% in the late treatment group (RR = 0.455, P = 0.213), driven by reduction in recurrent ischemia. Enzymatic infarct size, bleeding and incidence of death or recurrent MI at 2 years follow‐up was comparable between the treatment groups.ConclusionsIn high‐risk patients with NSTE‐ACS, TSTE is frequently seen. Similar to findings in patients with high‐risk NSTE‐ACS, immediate angiography and revascularization in these patients is feasible but not superior to later treatment. Prospective randomized trials are needed to provide more evidence in the optimal timing of treatment in patients with TSTE‐ACS. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influence of the Copper(II) Oxide Dispersion on its Catalytic Properties in Carbon Monoxide Oxidation: A Comparative Study by Using Two Types of Catalytic Reactors
Authors: Svintsitskiy Dmitry A. , Pakharukov Ilya Yu. , Slavinskaya Elena M. , Kardash Tatyana Yu. , Parmon Valentin N. , Boronin Andrei I. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe catalytic properties of copper(II) oxide powders were studied in the CO oxidation reaction by using plug‐flow and flow‐circulation reactors. Data obtained from different catalytic experiments were in good agreement with each other. The specific catalytic rate [molecules cm−2 s−1] increased by a factor of approximately four if the surface area of the CuO powder was reduced from 90 to 8 m2 g−1. A further decrease in the CuO surface area to 1 m2 g−1 resulted in the decrease of the specific CO oxidation rate by more than 20‐fold. These results indicate that CO oxidation is sensitive to the structure of the copper(II) oxide catalyst. The structural sensitivity of CuO powders was discussed in terms of its defect structure and particle morphology.
One‐Pot Preparation of Hierarchical Nanosheet‐Constructed Fe3O4/MIL‐88B(Fe) Magnetic Microspheres with High Efficiency Photocatalytic Degradation of Dye
Authors: Jin Zhaokui , Dong Wenjun , Yang Mu , Wang Jingjing , Gao Hongyi , Wang Ge 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe development of photocatalyst with hierarchical nanoarchitectures represents an attractive alternative that offers enormous increases in activity for solar photochemistry applications. However, the ability to obtain such hierarchical architectures on metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) based materials still remains a great challenge. Herein, we present a one‐pot solvothermal process for the synthesis of a hierarchical MOF‐based heterostructure composed of nanosheet‐assembled MIL‐88B(Fe) with the magnetic nanoparticles decoration. The unique nanosheet‐constructed heterostructure can remarkably broaden the light absorption range to 660 nm and shorten the diffusion time for its open meso/macroporosity. This novel MOFs‐based composite exhibited 3.46 (2.63) times as high visible‐light‐driven photocatalytic performance toward methylene blue (rhodamine B) dye discoloration as that of spindle MIL‐88B(Fe). Meanwhile, the strategy for hierarchical heterostructure also imparted excellent magnetic separability at one stroke and favored the reusability and sustainability of the obtained composite as a photocatalyst for further applications. Our strategy provides a novel pathway in the rational design of advanced magnetic MOF‐based materials for efficient photochemistry.
Hybrid Alginate‐Based Cryogels for Life Science Applications
Authors: Barros Alexandre , Quraishi Sakeena , Martins Marta , Gurikov Pavel , Subrahmanyam Raman , Smirnova Irina , Duarte Ana Rita C. , Reis Rui L. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis work presents a novel route toward porous scaffolds for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) applications. Hybrid cryogels with gelatin, gellan gum, carboxymethylcellulose, and lignin were prepared by a two‐step process. Textural properties of the cryogels were analyzed by SEM and micro‐computed tomography. The results indicated that rapid freezing retained sample shape and yielded macroporous materials. The mechanical properties of the cryogels were characterized in compression mode. Cytotoxicity studies indicated that the hybrid‐alginate cryogels did not present cytotoxicity and have the potential to be used in TERM.
Sustainable and lightweight biopolyamide hybrid composites for greener auto parts
Authors: Armioun Shaghayegh , Panthapulakkal Suhara , Scheel Johannes , Tjong Jimi , Sain Mohini 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSustainable bio‐based materials have remarkable environmental and health impacts throughout their life cycles. Over the past few decades, green biocomposites have attained rising attraction in the automotive industry, as they can be customized to meet many of its prime requirements. Polyamides are the most common engineering polymers used in the automotive industry due to their desirable properties. This study focuses on improving thermo‐mechanical properties of wood fibre/carbon fibre biopolyamide hybrid composites for automotive applications. Important material properties such as tensile, flexural, and impact strengths along with density, melt flow index, and heat deflection temperature were studied and correlated with their SEM surface morphologies. The composites were produced by melt‐compounding of the fibres and polymers via extrusion and injection moulding. All hybrid composites exhibited greater thermo‐mechanical properties compared to wood fibre composites. Use of a polymer blend of polyamide and polypropylene matrix in the composites further enhanced performance properties of the composites while reducing the costs. The developed hybrid composites had lower densities compared to the existing materials used in some auto parts. The mechanical properties of polymer blend composites, including tensile, flexural, and impact properties were higher than those of polyamide composites. Image analysis showed efficient fibre‐matrix adhesion with good fibre dispersion in the composites. A significant improvement in heat deflection temperature was observed for the hybrid polymer blend composites. The study indicated that the developed hybrid bio‐based composites are promising candidates with light‐weighting potential for automotive structural applications, where high stiffness and thermal resistance are required.
Étude de la dégradation électrique et thermique de la polyaniline en milieu agressif
Authors: Hattab Youcef , Benharrats Nassira 
Published: August 2016

RésuméLa polyaniline (PANI) est un polymère organique qui présente une grande stabilité environnementale et une grande conductivité électrique. L’évolution de ces deux propriétés en fonction du temps a été réalisée sur des échantillons vieillis dans des solutions fortement acides (H2SO4) à différentes températures. Des prélèvements réguliers d’échantillons sont caractérisés par FTIR, UV, AFM et MEB. La conductivité sera suivie par la méthode des 4 pointes et la stabilité thermique de la PANI par DSC, ATD‐ATG. Ces stabilités thermiques et électriques représentent un verrou technologique pour de nombreuses applications possibles des PANI en milieu agressif.Afin de maîtriser le matériau polymère conducteur, il est nécessaire d'avoir avant une bonne compréhension des paramètres qui gouvernent les mécanismes de transport. Ces paramètres dépendent directement du mode d'élaboration qui est optimisé.