bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Food web consequences of an evolutionary arms race: Molluscs subject to crab predation on intertidal mudflats in Oman are unavailable to shorebirds
Authors: Bom Roeland A. , de Fouw Jimmy , Klaassen Raymond H. G. , Piersma Theunis , Lavaleye Marc S. S. , Ens Bruno J. , Oudman Thomas , van Gils Jan A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAimMolluscivorous shorebirds supposedly developed their present wintering distribution after the last ice age. Currently, molluscivorous shorebirds are abundant on almost all shores of the world, except for those in the Indo‐West Pacific (IWP). Long before shorebirds arrived on the scene, molluscan prey in the IWP evolved strong anti‐predation traits in a prolonged evolutionary arms race with durophagous predators including brachyuran crabs. Here, we investigate whether the absence of molluscivorous shorebirds from a site in Oman can be explained by the molluscan community being too well‐defended.LocationThe intertidal mudflats of Barr Al Hikman, Oman.MethodsBased on samples from 282 locations across the intertidal area the standing stock of the macrozoobenthic community was investigated. By measuring anti‐predation traits (burrowing depth, size and strength of armour), the fraction of molluscs available to molluscivorous shorebirds was calculated.ResultsMolluscs dominated the macrozoobenthic community at Barr Al Hikman. However, less than 17% of the total molluscan biomass was available to shorebirds. Most molluscs were unavailable either because of their hard‐to‐crush shells, or because they lived too deeply in the sediment. Repair scars and direct observations confirmed crab predation on molluscs. Although standing stock densities of the Barr Al Hikman molluscs were of the same order of magnitude as at intertidal mudflat areas where molluscivorous shorebirds are abundant, the molluscan biomass available to shorebirds was distinctly lower at Barr Al Hikman.Main conclusionsThe established strong molluscan anti‐predation traits against crabs precludes molluscan exploitation by shorebirds at Barr Al Hikman. This study exemplifies that dispersal of “novel” predators is hampered in areas where native predators and prey exhibit strongly developed attack and defence mechanisms, and highlights that evolutionary arms races can have consequences for the global distribution of species.
Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and the development of reflux esophagitis: A cohort study
Authors: Min Yang Won , Kim Youngha , Gwak Geum‐Youn , Gu Seonhye , Kang Danbee , Cho Soo Jin , Guallar Eliseo , Cho Juhee , Sinn Dong Hyun 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackground and AimNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome, is associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease in cross‐sectional studies, but a prospective association has not been evaluated. The current study aimed to determine whether NAFLD increases the risk of incident reflux esophagitis in a large cohort study.MethodsWe conducted a cohort study of 34 063 men and women without reflux esophagitis or other upper gastrointestinal disease at baseline who underwent health checkup examinations between January 2003 and December 2013. Fatty liver was diagnosed by ultrasound based on standard criteria. Reflux esophagitis was defined by the presence of at least grade A mucosal break on esophagogastroduodenoscopy.ResultsThe prevalence of NAFLD at baseline was 33.2%. During 153 520.2 person‐years of follow‐up, the cumulative incidences of reflux esophagitis for participants without and with NAFLD were 9.6% and 13.8%, respectively (P < 0.001). The age‐adjusted and sex‐adjusted hazard ratio for the risk of reflux esophagitis development in participants with NAFLD compared with those without NAFLD was 1.15 (95% confidence interval 1.07–1.23; P < 0.001). However, this association disappeared after adjusting for body mass index and other metabolic factors (hazard ratio 1.01, 95% confidence interval 0.94–1.09; P = 0.79). Similarly, in multivariable‐adjusted models, there was no significant association between NAFLD severity and the risk of developing reflux esophagitis.ConclusionsNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease is not independently associated with the risk of the development of reflux esophagitis, but rather, reflux esophagitis is primarily the consequence of increased body mass index commonly associated with NAFLD.
Quantitative trait loci associated with soybean seed weight and composition under different phosphorus levels
Authors: Hacisalihoglu Gokhan , Burton Amy L. , Gustin Jeffery L. , Eker Selim , Asikli Safiye , Heybet Elif Hakli , Ozturk Levent , Cakmak Ismail , Yazici Atilla , Burkey Kent O. , Orf James , Settles A. Mark 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSeed size and composition are important traits in food crops and can be affected by nutrient availability in the soil. Phosphorus (P) is a non‐renewable, essential macronutrient, and P deficiency limits soybean (Glycine max) yield and quality. To investigate the associations of seed traits in low‐ and high‐P environments, soybean recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from a cross of cultivars Fiskeby III and Mandarin (Ottawa) were grown under contrasting P availability environments. Traits including individual seed weight, seed number, and intact mature pod weight were significantly affected by soil P levels and showed transgressive segregation among the RILs. Surprisingly, P treatments did not affect seed composition or weight, suggesting that soybean maintains sufficient P in seeds even in low‐P soil. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were detected for seed weight, intact pods, seed volume, and seed protein, with five significant QTLs identified in low‐P environments and one significant QTL found in the optimal‐P environment. Broad‐sense heritability estimates were 0.78 (individual seed weight), 0.90 (seed protein), 0.34 (seed oil), and 0.98 (seed number). The QTLs identified under low P point to genetic regions that may be useful to improve soybean performance under limiting P conditions.
Effect of Various Treatment Modalities on Surface Characteristics and Shear Bond Strengths of Polyetheretherketone‐Based Core Materials
Authors: Çulhaoğlu Ahmet Kürşat , Özkır Serhat Emre , Şahin Volkan , Yılmaz Burak , Kılıçarslan Mehmet Ali 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the effect of different surface treatments on the surface roughness (Ra), wettability, and shear bond strength of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) to composite resin.Materials and MethodsOne hundred ninety eight PEEK specimens were divided into six groups (n = 33). Specimen surfaces were treated with the following surface treatment modalities: silicoating (CoJet), acetone treatment, acid etching (H2SO4), airborne particle abrasion (Al2O3), laser irradiation (Yb:PL laser), and the nontreated surface serving as the control. Surface roughness was measured with an profilometer (n = 11) and a goniometer was used to measure the surface wettability through contact angle (θ)(n = 11). PEEK surfaces were veneered with a composite resin (n = 11). The specimens were then thermocycled for 10,000 cycles at 5 to 55°C. Shear bond strengths between the PEEK and composite resin were measured with an universal test machine. One‐way ANOVA was used to analyze the data. Tukey's post‐hoc test was used to determine significant differences between groups (α = 0.05).ResultsSurface roughness and wettability of PEEK surfaces along with shear bond strength of PEEK to composite resin were influenced by the surface treatments. (p < 0.01) Highest mean Ra values were obtained for PEEK surfaces treated by laser irradiation (2.85 ± 0.2 µm) followed by airborne particle abrasion (2.26 ± 0.33 µm), whereas other surface treatment modalities provided similar Ra values, with the acid‐etched PEEK surfaces having the lowest mean Ra values (0.35 ± 0.14 µm). Silicoating provided the most wettable PEEK surfaces (48.04 ± 6.28º), followed by either acetone treatment (70.19 ± 4.49º) or acid treatment (76.07 ± 6.61º). Decreased wettability was observed for airborne particle abraded (84.83 ± 4.56º) and laser‐treated PEEK surfaces (103.06 ± 4.88º). The highest mean shear bond strength values were observed for acid‐etched PEEK surfaces (15.82 ± 4.23 MPa) followed by laser irradiated (11.46 ± 1.97 MPa), airborne particle abraded (10.81 ± 3.06 MPa), and silicoated PEEK surfaces (8.07 ± 2.54 MPa). Acetone‐treated (5.98 ± 1.54 MPa) and untreated PEEK surfaces (5.09 ± 2.14 MPa) provided the lowest mean shear bond strengths.ConclusionsThe highest mean shear bond strengths were observed for acid‐etched PEEK surfaces, followed by laser‐irradiated, airborne particle abraded, and silicoated PEEK surfaces providing similar mean shear bond strengths. Since shear bond strengths higher than 10 MPa are considered acceptable, acid etching, laser irradiation, and airborne particle abrasion of PEEK surfaces may be considered viable surface treatment modalities for the PEEK material tested.
A Double‐blind, Placebo‐controlled, Multicenter, Prospective, Randomized Study of Beraprost Sodium Treatment for Cats with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Takenaka M. , Iio A. , Sato R. , Sakamoto T. , Kurumatani H. ,   the KT‐140 Clinical Study Group
Published: November 2017

BackgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common progressive and irreversible disease in cats. The efficacy and safety of beraprost sodium (BPS) in cats with CKD have not been evaluated.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of BPS in the treatment of cats with CKD, as compared to placebo.AnimalsSeventy‐four client‐owned cats with naturally occurring CKD.MethodsDouble‐blind, placebo‐controlled, multicenter, prospective, randomized trial. The cats received BPS (55 μg/cat) or a placebo PO q12 h for 180 days. The primary endpoint was prospectively defined as a change in the serum creatinine (sCr), serum phosphorus‐to‐calcium ratio or urine specific gravity (USG).ResultsThe sCr increased significantly (P = 0.0030) in the placebo group (mean ± SD: 2.8 ± 0.7 to 3.2 ± 1.3 mg/dL) but not in the BPS group (2.4 ± 0.7 to 2.5 ± 0.7 mg/dL). The difference between the groups at day 180 was significant (0.8 mg/dL, 95% CI: 0.2 to 1.3 mg/dL, P = 0.0071). The serum phosphorus‐to‐calcium ratio was significantly (P = 0.0037) increased in the placebo group (0.46 ± 0.10 to 0.52 ± 0.21 mg/dL) but not in the BPS group (0.50 ± 0.08 to 0.51 ± 0.11 mg/dL). There was no significant change in the USG in either group. An adverse event judged as being treatment‐related included vomiting that occurred in 1 case in the placebo group. No clinically relevant change was observed in the CBC and other blood chemistry tests.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceBeraprost sodium treatment was well tolerated and safe in cats with CKD. BPS inhibited the reduction in renal filtration function as measured by sCr increase.
What we do and do not know about women and kidney diseases – questions unanswered and answers unquestioned: Reflection on World Kidney Day and International Woman’s Day
Authors: Piccoli Giorgina B , Alrukhaimi Mona , Liu Zhi‐Hong , Zakharova Elena , Levin Adeera ,   On behalf of the World Kidney Day Steering Committee
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTChronic kidney disease affects approximately 10% of the world’s adult population: it is within the top 20 causes of death worldwide, and its impact on patients and their families can be devastating. World Kidney Day and International Women’s Day in 2018 coincide, thus offering an opportunity to reflect on the importance of women’s health and specifically their kidney health, on the community, and the next generations, as well as to strive to be more curious about the unique aspects of kidney disease in women so that we may apply those learnings more broadly. Girls and women, who make up approximately 50% of the world’s population, are important contributors to society and their families. Gender differences continue to exist around the world in access to education, medical care, and participation in clinical studies. Pregnancy is a unique state for women, offering an opportunity for diagnosis of kidney disease, but also a state where acute and chronic kidney diseases may manifest, and which may impact future generations with respect to kidney health. There are various autoimmune and other conditions that are more likely to impact women with profound consequences for child bearing, and on the fetus. Women have different complications on dialysis than men, and are more likely to be donors than recipients of kidney transplants. In this editorial, we focus on what we do and do not know about women, kidney health, and kidney disease, and what we might learn in the future to improve outcomes worldwide.
Outcomes of liver transplantation in pediatric recipients with cardiovascular disease
Authors: Brito Márcio Miranda , Seda Neto Joao , Fonseca Eduardo A. , Pugliese Renata , Danesi Vera B. , Candido Helry L. , Porta Adriana , Borges Cristian V. B. , Porta Gilda , Chapchap Paulo , Miura Irene Kazue 
Published: November 2017

AbstractLT exerts considerable stress on the heart perioperatively. Limited data exist on impact of cardiovascular diseases on LT children. This study evaluated the outcomes of children with CVD who underwent LT and compared with pretransplant findings. From 518 LT recipients, 82 (15.8%) had CVD. Sixty patients were classified as low‐risk adjustment for congenital heart surgery 1 (RACHS 1 and 2). Five patients were classified as RACHS ≥3. The most common echocardiographic finding in the CVD patients (25/82) was ASD. CVD patients had more abnormal EKG (32.4% vs 14.5%, P < .001), abnormal chest X‐ray (11.8% vs 1.4%, P < .001), and altered echocardiography (89.7% vs 15.4%, P < .001) findings compared with the No‐CVD group pretransplant. Post‐transplant, significant differences between groups were observed related to abnormal EKG (14.7% vs 7.0%, P = .03) and echocardiography (48.5% vs 3.2%, P < .01) findings. Pretransplant ASD spontaneously closed in 22 patients. At 1 and 5 years post‐transplant, there was no difference in the survival rate between groups (P = .96). The prevalence of CVD in recipients of LT was high, and its presence was associated with significantly higher cardiac decompensation before and after LT. Minor and moderate cardiovascular disease did not impact the long‐term survival.
Cultural socialization of toddlers in emotionally charged situations
Authors: Corapci Feyza , Friedlmeier Wolfgang , Benga Oana , Strauss Catherine , Pitica Irina , Susa Georgiana 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis study examined mothers’ responses to foster emotional competence from a cultural perspective. Fifty‐one European American, 52 Turkish, and 40 Romanian mothers of 2‐year‐old children provided open‐ended responses to vignettes of anger‐, sadness‐, fear‐, and happiness‐eliciting situations. Mothers’ responses were compared between the family models of independence (United States) and psychological interdependence (Turkey, Romania) to understand cultural variations. To anger, all mothers endorsed problem‐focused responses that emphasized teaching coping skills at similar rates, suggestive of an autonomy‐orientation. European American mothers also endorsed behaviorally oriented discipline to cope with anger independently more than Turks and Romanians, who endorsed reasoning and comforting responses more, reflecting a relatedness emphasis. To sadness, problem‐focused and comforting responses did not reveal cultural differences. Expected differences in reasoning and dismissive responses were partly supported. To fear, comforting was the dominant response, with the highest rate reported by European Americans. Turkish and Romanian mothers’ relative emphasis on reasoning was characteristic of their family model. In happy situations, European American mothers validated toddlers’ happiness most often, whereas Turkish mothers reported the escalation of happiness most often. Despite sharing the psychological interdependence model, differences in some responses to sadness, fear, and happiness were noted between Turkish and Romanian mothers.
Performance in a Collaborative Search Task: The Role of Feedback and Alignment
Authors: Coco Moreno I. , Dale Rick , Keller Frank 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWhen people communicate, they coordinate a wide range of linguistic and non‐linguistic behaviors. This process of coordination is called alignment, and it is assumed to be fundamental to successful communication. In this paper, we question this assumption and investigate whether disalignment is a more successful strategy in some cases. More specifically, we hypothesize that alignment correlates with task success only when communication is interactive. We present results from a spot‐the‐difference task in which dyads of interlocutors have to decide whether they are viewing the same scene or not. Interactivity was manipulated in three conditions by increasing the amount of information shared between interlocutors (no exchange of feedback, minimal feedback, full dialogue). We use recurrence quantification analysis to measure the alignment between the scan‐patterns of the interlocutors. We found that interlocutors who could not exchange feedback aligned their gaze more, and that increased gaze alignment correlated with decreased task success in this case. When feedback was possible, in contrast, interlocutors utilized it to better organize their joint search strategy by diversifying visual attention. This is evidenced by reduced overall alignment in the minimal feedback and full dialogue conditions. However, only the dyads engaged in a full dialogue increased their gaze alignment over time to achieve successful performances. These results suggest that alignment per se does not imply communicative success, as most models of dialogue assume. Rather, the effect of alignment depends on the type of alignment, on the goals of the task, and on the presence of feedback.
Frequency and Mechanism of Spontaneous Resistance to Sulbactam Combined with the Novel β-Lactamase Inhibitor ETX2514 in Clinical Isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii
Authors: McLeod Sarah M. , Shapiro Adam B. , Moussa Samir H. , Johnstone Michele , McLaughlin Robert E. , de Jonge Boudewijn L. M. , Miller Alita A. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT

The novel diazabicyclooctenone ETX2514 is a potent, broad-spectrum serine β-lactamase inhibitor that restores sulbactam activity against resistant
Acinetobacter baumannii
. The frequency of spontaneous resistance to sulbactam-ETX2514 in clinical isolates was found to be 7.6 × 10
−10
to <9.0 × 10
−10
at 4× MIC and mapped to residues near the active site of penicillin binding protein 3 (PBP3). Purified mutant PBP3 proteins demonstrated reduced affinity for sulbactam. In a sulbactam-sensitive isolate, resistance also mapped to stringent response genes associated with resistance to PBP2 inhibitors, suggesting that in addition to β-lactamase inhibition, ETX2514 may enhance sulbactam activity in
A. baumannii
via inhibition of PBP2.
Copper Ions and Coordination Complexes as Novel Carbapenem Adjuvants
Authors: Djoko Karrera Y. , Achard Maud E. S. , Phan Minh-Duy , Lo Alvin W. , Miraula Manfredi , Prombhul Sasiprapa , Hancock Steven J. , Peters Kate M. , Sidjabat Hanna E. , Harris Patrick N. , Mitić Nataša , Walsh Timothy R. , Anderson Gregory J. , Shafer William M. , Paterson David L. , Schenk Gerhard , McEwan Alastair G. , Schembri Mark A. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTCarbapenem-resistantEnterobacteriaceaeare urgent threats to global human health. These organisms produce β-lactamases with carbapenemase activity, such as the metallo-β-lactamase NDM-1, which is notable due to its association with mobile genetic elements and the lack of a clinically useful inhibitor. Here we examined the ability of copper to inhibit the activity of NDM-1 and explored the potential of a copper coordination complex as a mechanism to efficiently deliver copper as an adjuvant in clinical therapeutics. An NDM-positiveEscherichia coliisolate, MS6192, was cultured from the urine of a patient with a urinary tract infection. MS6192 was resistant to antibiotics from multiple classes, including diverse β-lactams (penicillins, cephalosporins, and carbapenems), aminoglycosides, and fluoroquinolones. In the presence of copper (range, 0 to 2 mM), however, the susceptibility of MS6192 to the carbapenems ertapenem and meropenem increased markedly. In standard checkerboard assays, copper decreased the MICs of ertapenem and meropenem against MS6192 in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting a synergistic mode of action. To examine the inhibitory effect of copper in the absence of other β-lactamases, theblaNDM-1gene from MS6192 was cloned and expressed in a recombinantE. coliK-12 strain. Analysis of cell extracts prepared from this strain revealed that copper directly inhibited NDM-1 activity, which was confirmed using purified recombinant NDM-1. Finally, delivery of copper at a low concentration of 10 μM by using the FDA-approved coordination complex copper-pyrithione sensitized MS6192 to ertapenem and meropenem in a synergistic manner. Overall, this work demonstrates the potential use of copper coordination complexes as novel carbapenemase adjuvants.
Comparison of preservation and transportation protocols for preloaded Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty
Authors: Romano Vito , Parekh Mohit , Ruzza Alessandro , Willoughby Colin E , Ferrari Stefano , Ponzin Diego , Kaye Stephen B , Levis Hannah J 
Published: November 2017

Background/aimsDescemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) preparation is technically demanding and is a limiting factor for uptake of this kind of surgery. Supply methods that simplify the procedure for surgeons are key to increasing uptake. This study compares two different shipping protocols for DMEK.MethodsAn 8.5 mm DMEK graft was punched, marked and loaded for transportation in two different conditions: (A) endothelium trifolded inwards in organ culture conditions (n=7) and (B) endothelium rolled outwards in hypothermic conditions (n=7). Tissues were shipped from Italy to the UK, then analysed for orientation, endothelial cell density, denuded areas, cell mortality, triple viability staining (Hoechst/ethidium homodimer/calcein AM (HEC)), immunolocalisation of ZO-1 and Na/K-ATPase proteins, visualisation of actin filaments using phalloidin and histological analysis using H&E on paraffin-embedded sections.ResultsAll tissues clearly showed the mark used for graft orientation. After shipping in condition A, there was an increase in cell mortality of 8.1% and in denuded areas of 22.4%, whereas for condition B there was an increase in cell mortality of 14.2% and in denuded areas of 34.3% after shipping. HEC staining revealed areas of viable cells and apoptotic cells, with large denuded areas found in the periphery for condition B and within folds for condition A.ConclusionsPrestripped preloaded DMEK grafts retained sufficient viable cells for transplantation, with condition A (endothelium-in) offering the advantage of greater flexibility of use due to a longer shelf-life. HEC analysis provides further detailed information as to the status of DMEK grafts and should be used in future similar studies.