bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive behavioral interventions for depression and anxiety in adults with neurological disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gandy Milena , Woldhuis Thomas , Wu Wendy , Youssef Marette , Bisby Madelyne A. , Dear Blake F. , Heriseanu Andreea I. , Scott Amelia J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe examined the efficacy of cognitive and behavioral interventions for improving symptoms of depression and anxiety in adults with neurological disorders. A pre-registered systematic search of Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, and Neurobite was performed from inception to May 2024. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which examined the efficacy of cognitive and behavioral interventions in treating depression and/or anxiety among adults with neurological disorders were included. Estimates were pooled using a random-effects meta-analysis. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression were performed on categorical and continuous moderators, respectively. Main outcomes were pre- and post-intervention depression and anxiety symptom scores, as reported using standardized measures. Fifty-four RCTs involving 5372 participants with 11 neurological disorders (including multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, stroke) were included. The overall effect of interventions yielded significant improvements in both depression (57 arms, Hedges' g = 0.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.35–0.54) and anxiety symptoms (29 arms, g = 0.38, 95% CI 0.29–0.48), compared to controls. Efficacy was greater in studies which employed a minimum baseline symptom severity inclusion criterion for both outcomes, and greater in trials using inactive controls for depression only. There was also evidence of differential efficacy of interventions across the neurological disorder types and the outcome measure used. Risk of bias, intervention delivery mode, intervention tailoring for neurological disorders, sample size, and study year did not moderate effects. Cognitive and behavioral interventions yield small-to-moderate improvements in symptoms of both depression and anxiety in adults with a range of neurological disorders.
Belowground carbon stored in a tropical mountain cloud forest of east-central Mexico
Authors: Cruz de Jesús Yokebed , Pavón Numa P. , Briones Oscar , Sánchez-González Arturo , Rodríguez-Laguna Rodrigo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Carbon stocks in root biomass and soil organic carbon (SOC) were analysed in tropical mountain cloud forest (TMCF) of Mexico. Additionally, the hypothesis that the concentration of roots in the forest is not homogeneous but that they are concentrated near the trunks of the trees was evaluated. Root biomass was 707.68 ± 150.41 g·m−2, which stores ∼353.85 ± 75.21 g·C·m−2. Coarse roots contributed 36.8%, fine roots 35.5%, and very fine roots 27.7% of the total biomass. The results did not support the hypothesis that fine roots are concentrated near the trunks of the trees. On average, SOC was 108.23 ± 33.21 Mg·C·ha−1. Mean C stored in the soil (C in roots + SOC) was 111.77 ± 32.97 Mg·C·ha−1. The TMCF is an ecosystem with a high potential for soil carbon storage, with similar C values reported to those in other tropical forests.
Influence of choline and follistatin supplementation during in vitro bovine oocyte maturation on oocyte competence and blastocyst development
Authors: Snider Alexandria P. , Kaps Martim , Rempel Lea A. , Wright-Johnson Elane C. , Cushman Robert A. , Miles Jeremy R. 
Published: September 2024

SummaryMetabolite supplementation during in vitro embryo development improves blastocyst quality, however, our understanding of the incorporation of metabolites during in vitro maturation (IVM) is limited. Two important metabolites, follistatin and choline, have beneficial impacts during in vitro culture; however, effects of supplementation during IVM are unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate combining choline and follistatin during IVM on bovine oocytes and subsequent early embryonic development. We hypothesized that supplementation of choline with follistatin would synergistically improve oocyte quality and subsequent early embryonic development. Small follicles were aspirated from slaughterhouse ovaries to obtain cumulus oocyte complexes for IVM with choline (0, 1.3 or 1.8 mM) and follistatin (0 or 10 ng/mL) supplementation in a 3 × 2 design. A subset of oocytes underwent transcriptomic analysis, the remaining oocytes were used for IVF and in vitro culture (IVC). Transcript abundance of CEPT1 tended to be reduced in oocytes supplemented with 1.8 mM choline and follistatin compared to control oocytes (P = 0.07). Combination of follistatin with 1.8 mM choline supplementation during maturation, tended (P = 0.08) to reduce CPEB4 in oocytes. In the blastocysts, HDCA8, NANOG, SAV1 and SOX2 were increased with choline 1.8 mM supplementation without follistatin (P < 0.05), while HDCA8 and SOX2 were increased when follistatin was incorporated (P < 0.05). The combination of choline and follistatin during oocyte maturation may provide a beneficial impact on early embryonic development. Further research is warranted to investigate the interaction between these two metabolites during early embryonic development and long-term influence on fetal development.
Analysis of ST segment alarms in children admitted to the paediatric and cardiac intensive care units and cardiac progressive care unit: a single-centre retrospective study
Authors: Gallagher Christine Peyton , Ziniel Sonja I. , Newman Jennifer , Wathen Beth , Marusich Paul , Poppy Christopher , Carpenter Todd , Gist Katja M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractST segment monitoring in the adult population allows for the early detection of myocardial ischaemia. In children admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU), cardiac intensive care unit (CICU), and cardiac progressive care unit (CPCU), it is unclear if continuous ST segment alarm monitoring is necessary in all patients. All patients admitted to the PICU, CICU, and CPCU during the study period were included. Children with any ST segment alarms were compared with those without an alarm during their stay. The electrocardiogram confirmed true ST segment alarms were compared with all other ST segment alarms. Demographic and clinical data were extracted from the medical record. Medical interventions and procedures occurring around ST segment alarms were recorded for multivariable analysis assessing for the association of true ST segment. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the associations with ST segment alarms during hospital stays. ST segment alarms occurred in 36% of hospital stays, and only 3.4% were considered true. True alarms were significantly more common among patients with a cardiac-related diagnosis, located in both cardiac units, and having received an intervention with any vasoactive medication. In the multivariable logistic regression, patients 11 years or older, hypotension, supraventricular tachycardia, and initiation/escalation of any vasoactive were independently associated with a true ST segment alarm. True ST segment alarms were infrequent, occurring in 1.2% of stays during the study period. Alarm monitoring may be beneficial in those with an underlying cardiac diagnosis.
Ethics in sports industry: when does sports autonomy become an excuse for animal abuse?
Authors: Lubelska-Sazanów Małgorzata 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMoney pushes sports to extremes. As the rewards for success grow, so does the pressure, with sportspeople pushing themselves ever harder. In equestrian sports, this can mean pushing the horse as well, too often to the point of abuse. This article discusses the beautiful side of equestrianism as well as its darker side, which is a bitter reality for many competition horses. It sets out a comparison of legal standards for equine animal welfare (at the level of international law, EU law and national laws) as well as those coming from sports laws. It also examines dependencies between animal protection rules under EU law and animal protection rules under the laws of individual EU Member States concerning equestrian sports. It aims to answer the questions of whether equestrian sports constitute a general exemption to their being considered animal abuse and on what grounds this exemption might be changed in the future.
Evaluation of weed control efficacy and crop safety of the PPO-inhibiting herbicide tiafenacil in California orchard cropping systems
Authors: Laguerre Guelta , Contreras Andres , Hanson Bradley D 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Tiafenacil is registered in the United States for use in annual crops such as corn and soybean, but not on orchard crops. Field studies were conducted to determine orchard crop safety and efficacy of tiafenacil on important California orchard weeds. To evaluate crop safety, tiafenacil was applied at 74, 148, and 222 g ai ha−1 alone and with 38 g ai ha−1 of tolpyralate three times per year at the base of almond, pistachio, prune, and walnut trees. The first treatment was applied 2 mo after the trees had been transplanted. In all four tree crop experiments, treatments were applied once in May 2020, then three times again during the winter of 2021 and 2022 at 21-d treatment intervals. There were no visual foliar injury symptoms or treatment-related effects on tree trunk diameter change even at the highest tested rate of tiafenacil applied seven times over three growing seasons. In a separate study of weed control, in most instances, tiafenacil applied at 12 g ai ha−1 performed similarly to that of tiafenacil plus glufosinate. Control of glyphosate-resistant hairy fleabane with tiafenacil applied alone at 25 g ai ha−1 was 65% by 14 d after treatment. Tiafenacil applied at 50 g ai ha−1 to hairy fleabane performed similarly to glufosinate plus glyphosate. In a greenhouse study, tiafenacil applied at 12 g ha−1 provided 95% to 100% control of barnyardgrass and junglerice, and there was no significant difference between tiafenacil applied alone or with glufosinate. Saflufenacil applied alone or in a mixture with glufosinate was not as effective as the tiafenacil treatments for grass weed control. Based on experiments conducted over three growing seasons in four tree fruit and tree nut crops, tiafenacil crop safety appeared to be acceptable even at up to 2- or 3-fold the expected use rate.
Measurement of the Static Nonlinear Third‐Order Elastic Moduli of Rocks: Problems and Applicability
Authors: Wang Wenjing , Schmitt Douglas R. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe third‐order elastic (TOE) model has been used to describe the widely observed nonlinear mechanical behaviors of earth materials. In addition to linear elastic constants (λ, μ), three nonlinear elastic moduli (A, B, C) are required for isotropic rocks. Contrary to previous research on dynamic TOE moduli, this study followed the protocol to measure strain and stress under uniaxial and hydrostatic compressive tests statically, which were later used to invert for the full set of TOE moduli for four standard rock types with differing pore structures of a porous oolitic limestone, quartz‐rich sandstones, and a dense crystalline basalt. The applicability of the TOE model to characterize nonlinearity depends on the fulfillment of path‐independence and small‐strain assumptions. Using the measured static TOE moduli, the finite element model demonstrates that the stress in the vicinity of the wellbore is more amplified than the stress in the linear elastic case, which leads to a wider zone of rock failure around the wellbore. Due to the long‐standing discrepancy between static and dynamic moduli, the rarely reported full set of static TOE moduli is necessary and will benefit future research in understanding the effect of rock nonlinearity on geophysical and geomechanical applications, such as long‐term safe storage of CO2 and generating process of geohazards.
An Investigation on Microphysical Characteristics of Early‐, Late‐, and Post‐Mei‐yu Season Rainfall Over Taiwan
Authors: Seela Balaji Kumar , Janapati Jayalakshmi , Lin Pay‐Liam , Liu Chian‐Yi , Tu Chuan‐Chi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOver Taiwan, Mei‐yu season (May and June), which is primarily linked to frontal systems, is the transition period between winter and summer. Using the Global Precipitation Measurement Mission dual‐frequency precipitation radar (GPM DPR), the current study examined the rain and microphysical characteristics of the Mei‐yu season in Taiwan. In order to examine the areal and intra‐seasonal aspects, May and June months are divided into three sub‐seasons: early‐Mei‐yu, late‐Mei‐yu, and post‐Mei‐yu. The three sub‐seasons exhibited differences in rainfall and raindrop size distributions, with abundance of large drops in the post‐Mei‐yu. Additionally, there were noticeable variations in the raindrop size distributions among the south, central, north, and eastern parts of Taiwan, with more large drops in central Taiwan. To comprehend the microphysical progressions causing the regional and intra‐seasonal fluctuations, CFADs (contoured frequency by altitude diagrams) of rain parameters are utilized. Compared to other two sub‐seasons, the early‐Mei‐yu season exhibited weaker convection. Dominance of stratiform precipitation in late‐Mei‐yu season, and convective precipitation in post‐Mei‐yu season resulted in higher rainfall amounts in these two sub‐seasons (more particularly in post‐Mei‐yu) than the early‐Mei‐yu season. Examination of warm rain microphysical processes (below 5 km height) among these sub‐seasons revealed that the early‐Mei‐yu season is dominated with break‐up process, late‐Mei‐yu season with breakup and coalescence balance, and post‐Mei‐yu with coalescence, size‐sorting and evaporation processes.
A Machine Learning Approach for Deriving Atmospheric Temperatures and Typhoon Warm Cores From FY‐3E MWTS‐3 Observations
Authors: Niu Zeyi , Zou Xiaolei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMachine learning has gained an increasing popularity in the fields of satellite retrieval and numerical weather modeling. In this study, machine‐learning (ML) neural‐network (NN) models are utilized to retrieve atmospheric temperatures from observations of brightness temperature from the Microwave Temperature Sounder‐3 (MWTS‐3) onboard the China's first dawn‐dusk polar‐orbiting satellite Fengyun (FY)‐3E, with the ERA5 reanalysis serving as training data sets. The root mean square errors of the ML‐retrieved temperatures at all pressure levels are smaller than those obtained by a previously used traditional linear regression method compared to the ERA5 reanalysis over global oceans as well as radiosonde observations over land. Less than a 1‐week period of training data is usually sufficient for an ML NN model to converge in less than 50–100 iterations. The shortest time period of training data is 3‐days right before the testing data period. While the horizontal patterns and temporal evolutions of the ML‐retrieved warm cores of Typhoon Malakas (2022) and Typhoon Haikui (2023) in the upper troposphere compared favorably with those obtained by traditional regression methods as well as the ERA5 reanalysis in the testing periods. The vertical structures of ML‐retrieved warm cores extend further down to the middle and lower troposphere while those from the traditional regression method are confined in the upper troposphere. A comparison among ML results with additional training data sets across different seasons confirms the above conclusion.
A Systematic Framework for Data Augmentation for Tropical Cyclone Intensity Estimation Using Deep Learning
Authors: Ascenso Guido , Palcic Giulio , Scoccimarro Enrico , Castelletti Andrea 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGiven the exponential relationship between the intensity and the expected damage of tropical cyclones, accurately estimating their intensity from satellite images is a crucially important area of research. Yet, the imbalance and limited size of available data sets significantly hinder model training and generalization capabilities, especially for state‐of‐the‐art deep learning models. Therefore, it is standard in this field to use data augmentation, a family of transformations to increase the size and variety of a given data set. However, the principles behind the usage of these techniques for the estimation of the intensity of tropical cyclones has been largely unexamined. In this paper, we introduce a framework for establishing how much augmentation to apply and which techniques to use. To determine the ideal amount of augmentation, we use a modified Gini coefficient to understand how the augmentation will affect the imbalance in the data set, and we find that there is an upper bound on how much augmentation should be done (for our data set, 50 times per image). Our results also indicate that data augmentation works best when used to reduce the amount of imbalance in a data set rather than uniformly over the entire data set, as is typically done in the tropical cyclone intensity estimation literature. We then devise a backward elimination feature selection algorithm to determine which augmentation techniques work best. Our findings suggest that all augmentation techniques are effective for the estimation of tropical cyclones intensity, including random erasing, which we were the first to implement in this context.
A Software Tool for the True Height Analysis of Ionograms Using the Iterative Gradient Correction (IGC) Method
Authors: Ankita M. , Tulasi Ram S. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDeriving the precise true height electron density profile from the measured ionosonde virtual heights is quite a challenging problem. Recently, Ankita and Tulasi Ram (2023, https://doi.org/10.1029/2023RS007808) presented a new method, Iterative Gradient Correction (IGC) method, for true height analysis that uses HF radio wave propagation path computations to reconstruct the true height profile. Through iterative corrections on electron density gradients between successive points, the IGC method minimizes errors below a specified tolerance at each point and reconstructs a complete electron density profile. The derived profiles from the IGC method are found to be accurate when compared with Incoherent Scatter Radar and Global Navigation Satellite System—Radio Occultation observations. To facilitate true height analysis by IGC method for a wider user community, a MATLAB‐based software has been developed and is outlined in this report. The software can be installed on any Windows platform and is designed with a user‐friendly interface for easy and efficient application by the users. It can analyze multiple scaled ionograms in a single run and outputs the real height profiles in ASCII format. Further, the software also captures important ionospheric parameters such as the base altitudes and peak frequencies of E‐ and F‐layers (e.g., hE, hF, foE, and foF2) etc., from the computed true height profiles and tabulates in a separate output file for the ready use. The software also provides the option for extrapolation of true height profile into top‐side ionosphere up to a user‐specified height and reconstructs the complete vertical electron density profile.
Pre-metastatic niche: formation, characteristics and therapeutic implication
Authors: Wang Yuhang , Jia Jiachi , Wang Fuqi , Fang Yingshuai , Yang Yabing , Zhou Quanbo , Yuan Weitang , Gu Xiaoming , Hu Junhong , Yang Shuaixi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDistant metastasis is a primary cause of mortality and contributes to poor surgical outcomes in cancer patients. Before the development of organ-specific metastasis, the formation of a pre-metastatic niche is pivotal in promoting the spread of cancer cells. This review delves into the intricate landscape of the pre-metastatic niche, focusing on the roles of tumor-derived secreted factors, extracellular vesicles, and circulating tumor cells in shaping the metastatic niche. The discussion encompasses cellular elements such as macrophages, neutrophils, bone marrow-derived suppressive cells, and T/B cells, in addition to molecular factors like secreted substances from tumors and extracellular vesicles, within the framework of pre-metastatic niche formation. Insights into the temporal mechanisms of pre-metastatic niche formation such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition, immunosuppression, extracellular matrix remodeling, metabolic reprogramming, vascular permeability and angiogenesis are provided. Furthermore, the landscape of pre-metastatic niche in different metastatic organs like lymph nodes, lungs, liver, brain, and bones is elucidated. Therapeutic approaches targeting the cellular and molecular components of pre-metastatic niche, as well as interventions targeting signaling pathways such as the TGF-β, VEGF, and MET pathways, are highlighted. This review aims to enhance our understanding of pre-metastatic niche dynamics and provide insights for developing effective therapeutic strategies to combat tumor metastasis.
CDK4 is co-amplified with either TP53 promoter gene fusions or MDM2 through distinct mechanisms in osteosarcoma
Authors: Saba Karim H. , Difilippo Valeria , Styring Emelie , Nilsson Jenny , Magnusson Linda , van den Bos Hilda , Wardenaar René , Spierings Diana C. J. , Foijer Floris , Nathrath Michaela , Haglund de Flon Felix , Baumhoer Daniel , Nord Karolin H. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAmplification of the MDM2 and CDK4 genes on chromosome 12 is commonly associated with low-grade osteosarcomas. In this study, we conducted high-resolution genomic and transcriptomic analyses on 33 samples from 25 osteosarcomas, encompassing both high- and low-grade cases with MDM2 and/or CDK4 amplification. We discerned four major subgroups, ranging from nearly intact genomes to heavily rearranged ones, each harbouring CDK4 and MDM2 amplification or CDK4 amplification with TP53 structural alterations. While amplicons involving MDM2 exhibited signs of an initial chromothripsis event, no evidence of chromothripsis was found in TP53-rearranged cases. Instead, the initial disruption of the TP53 locus led to co-amplification of the CDK4 locus. Additionally, we observed recurring promoter swapping events involving the regulatory regions of the FRS2, PLEKHA5, and TP53 genes. These events resulted in ectopic expression of partner genes, with the ELF1 gene being upregulated by the FRS2 and TP53 promoter regions in two distinct cases.
Forest fire size amplifies postfire land surface warming
Authors: Zhao Jie , Yue Chao , Wang Jiaming , Hantson Stijn , Wang Xianli , He Binbin , Li Guangyao , Wang Liang , Zhao Hongfei , Luyssaert Sebastiaan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractClimate warming has caused a widespread increase in extreme fire weather, making forest fires longer-lived and larger1–3. The average forest fire size in Canada, the USA and Australia has doubled or even tripled in recent decades4,5. In return, forest fires feed back to climate by modulating land–atmospheric carbon, nitrogen, aerosol, energy and water fluxes6–8. However, the surface climate impacts of increasingly large fires and their implications for land management remain to be established. Here we use satellite observations to show that in temperate and boreal forests in the Northern Hemisphere, fire size persistently amplified decade-long postfire land surface warming in summer per unit burnt area. Both warming and its amplification with fire size were found to diminish with an increasing abundance of broadleaf trees, consistent with their lower fire vulnerability compared with coniferous species9,10. Fire-size-enhanced warming may affect the success and composition of postfire stand regeneration11,12 as well as permafrost degradation13, presenting previously overlooked, additional feedback effects to future climate and fire dynamics. Given the projected increase in fire size in northern forests14,15, climate-smart forestry should aim to mitigate the climate risks of large fires, possibly by increasing the share of broadleaf trees, where appropriate, and avoiding active pyrophytes.