bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensory Transduction and Subjective Experience: Expression of Eight Genes in Three Senses Suggests a Radical Model of Consciousness
Authors: King Chris 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Recent research into whole genome mapping of the mouse brain has made possible direct investigation of the brain expression of unusual genes. A search of the Allen Brain Atlas database has provided genetic and neuro-anatomical evidence for widespread specific expression in the brain of eight genes specific to sensory transduction, in vision, hearing and touch. A novel biophysical model is proposed for the function of these proteins, in generating the internal model of experiential reality.
Landau-Kleffner Syndrome and Swearing
Authors: Korenar Michal 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Landau-Kleffner syndrome (LKS) is a rare form of epilepsy diagnosed as acquired aphasia alternatively as acquired verbal agnosia co-occurring with epileptic seizures. This article provides an overview of some relevant case studies of Landau-Kleffner patients and also some neuro-measurement studies of the neurophysiology of the disease. Recently there is no evidence whether the epileptic seizures in LKS are located in basal ganglia, limbic or subcortical circuits involved in swear words processing.
An Assessment of the Ductile Fracture Behavior of Hot Isostatically Pressed and Forged 304L Stainless Steel
Authors: Cooper A. J. , Smith R. J. , Sherry A. H. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Type 300 austenitic stainless steel manufactured by hot isostatic pressing (HIP) has recently been shown to exhibit subtly different fracture behavior from that of equivalent graded forged steel, whereby the oxygen remaining in the component after HIP manifests itself in the austenite matrix as nonmetallic oxide inclusions. These inclusions facilitate fracture by acting as nucleation sites for the initiation, growth, and coalescence of microvoids in the plastically deforming austenite matrix. Here, we perform analyses based on the Rice–Tracey (RT) void growth model, supported by instrumented Charpy and J-integral fracture toughness testing at ambient temperature, to characterize the degree of void growth ahead of both a V-notch and crack in 304L stainless steel. We show that the hot isostatically pressed (HIP’d) 304L steel exhibits a lower critical void growth at the onset of fracture than that observed in forged 304L steel, which ultimately results in HIP’d steel exhibiting lower fracture toughness at initiation and impact toughness. Although the reduction in toughness of HIP’d steel is not detrimental to its use, due to the steel’s sufficiently high toughness, the study does indicate that HIP’d and forged 304L steel behave as subtly different materials at a microstructural level with respect to their fracture behavior.
Bridging cognitive screening tests in neurologic disorders: A crosswalk between the short Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Mini‐Mental State Examination
Authors: Roalf David R. , Moore Tyler M. , Mechanic‐Hamilton Dawn , Wolk David A. , Arnold Steven E. , Weintraub Daniel A. , Moberg Paul J. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIntroductionTo provide a crosswalk between the recently proposed short Montreal Cognitive Assessment (s‐MoCA) and Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) within a clinical cohort.MethodsA total of 791 participants, with and without neurologic conditions, received both the MMSE and the MoCA at the same visit. s‐MoCA scores were calculated and equipercentile equating was used to create a crosswalk between the s‐MoCA and MMSE.ResultsAs expected, s‐MoCA scores were highly correlated (Pearson r = 0.82, P < .001) with MMSE scores. s‐MoCA scores correctly classified 85% of healthy older adults and 91% of individuals with neurologic conditions that impair cognition. In addition, we provide an easy to use table that enables the conversion of s‐MoCA score to MMSE score.DiscussionThe s‐MoCA is quick to administer, provides high sensitivity and specificity for cognitive impairment, and now can be compared directly with the MMSE.
“Macho” Beliefs Moderate the Association Between Negative Sexual Episodes and Activation of Incompetence Schemas in Sexual Context, in Gay and Heterosexual Men
Authors: Peixoto Maria Manuela , Nobre Pedro 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

Background
Despite the existence of conceptual models of sexual dysfunction based on cognitive theory, few studies have tested the role of vulnerability factors such as sexual beliefs as moderators of the activation of cognitive schemas in response to negative sexual events.

Aim
To test the moderator role of dysfunctional sexual beliefs in the association between the frequency of negative sexual episodes and the activation of incompetence schemas in gay and heterosexual men.

Methods
Five-hundred seventy-five men (287 gay, 288 heterosexual) who completed an online survey on cognitive-affective dimensions and sexual functioning were selected from a larger database. Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to test the hypothesis that dysfunctional sexual beliefs moderate the association between the frequency of unsuccessful sexual episodes and the activation of incompetence schemas.

Outcome
Participants completed the Sexual Dysfunctional Beliefs Questionnaire and the Questionnaire of Cognitive Schemas Activated in Sexual Context.

Results
Findings indicated that men's ability for always being ready for sex, to satisfy the partner, and to maintain an erection until ending sexual activity constitute “macho” beliefs that moderate the activation of incompetence schemas when unsuccessful sexual events occur in gay and heterosexual men. In addition, activation of incompetence schemas in response to negative sexual events in gay men was moderated by the endorsement of conservative attitudes toward moderate sexuality.

Clinical Implications
The main findings suggested that psychological interventions targeting dysfunctional sexual beliefs could help de-catastrophize the consequences of negative sexual events and facilitate sexual functioning.

Strengths and Limitations
Despite being a web-based study, it represents the first attempt to test the moderator role of dysfunctional sexual beliefs in the association between the frequency of unsuccessful sexual episodes and the activation of incompetence schemas in gay and heterosexual men.

Conclusion
Overall, findings support the role of sexual beliefs as facilitators of the activation of incompetence schemas in the face of negative sexual events in gay and heterosexual men, emphasizing the need to develop treatment and prevention strategies aimed at challenging common male beliefs about sexuality.
Asymptotic approach to singular solutions for nonlinear elliptic equations involving critical Sobolev exponent
Authors: Han Zheng-Chao 
Published: February 2017

We study the asymptotic behavior of positive solutions of semilinear equations with nearly critical nonlinearity. The solutions are shown to blow up at exactly one point. The exact rate and location of blowing up are studied.

Résumé
On étudie le comportement asymptotique de solutions positives d’équations elliptiques semi-linéaires présentant une non-linéarité presque critique. Les solutions explosent en un seul point, et on étudie la localisation de ce point et le rythme d’explosion.
Going flat: examining heterogeneity in the soda–obesity relationship by subgroup and place of birth among Asian Americans
Authors: Alcalá Héctor E , Sharif Mienah Z 
Published: February 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo determine if the association between soda consumption and obesity is uniform among Asian-American population subgroups.DesignWe conducted multivariate logistic regression analyses on odds of being obese among seven Asian subgroups and by place of birth using data from the 2009 California Health Interview Survey.SettingAn omnibus population-based health survey.SubjectsNon-institutionalized adults, aged 18 years or over, residing in California (n 36 271).ResultsDespite low levels of soda consumption in several Asian-American ethnic groups, soda consumption increased the odds of being obese among Chinese, Koreans and Other Asians but not for Whites. Obesity risk varied across Asian subgroups and by place of birth within these subgroups.ConclusionsMore public health efforts addressing soda consumption in Asian-American communities are needed as a strategy for not only preventing chronic diseases but also disparities, considering the varying levels of soda intake across subgroups. Results support the growing body of literature critiquing acculturation theory in immigrant health research by documenting inconsistent findings by place of birth. Future research should take into account the heterogeneity among Asian Americans to advance our understanding of health outcomes and disparities.
Annual community patterns are driven by seasonal switching between closely related marine bacteria
Authors: Ward Christopher S , Yung Cheuk-Man , Davis Katherine M , Blinebry Sara K , Williams Tiffany C , Johnson Zackary I , Hunt Dana E 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Marine microbes exhibit seasonal cycles in community composition, yet the key drivers of these patterns and microbial population fidelity to specific environmental conditions remain to be determined. To begin addressing these questions, we characterized microbial dynamics weekly for 3 years at a temperate, coastal site with dramatic environmental seasonality. This high-resolution time series reveals that changes in microbial community composition are not continuous; over the duration of the time series, the community instead resolves into distinct summer and winter profiles with rapid spring and fall transitions between these states. Here, we show that these community shifts involve switching between closely related strains that exhibit either summer or winter preferences. Moreover, taxa repeat this process annually in both this and another temperate coastal time series, suggesting that this phenomenon may be widespread in marine ecosystems. To address potential biogeochemical impacts of these community changes, PICRUSt-based metagenomes predict seasonality in transporters, photosynthetic proteins, peptidases and carbohydrate metabolic pathways in spite of closely related summer- and winter-associated taxa. Thus, even small temperature shifts, such as those predicted by climate change models, could affect both the structure and function of marine ecosystems.
Color-selective holographic retroreflector array for sensing applications
Authors: Ahmed Rajib , Yetisen Ali K , Yun Seok Hyun , Butt Haider 
Published: February 2017

AbstractCorner cube retroreflectors (CCRs) have applications in sensors, image processing, free space communication and wireless networks. The ability to construct low-loss wavelength filters embedded in CCRs can enable the development of wavelength multiplexing, tunable lasers and photonic integrated circuits. Here we created an ~10-μm-thick holographic corner cube retroreflector (HCCR) array that acted as a color-selective wavelength filter and diffracted light at broad angles. Angle-resolved spectral measurements showed that the Bragg peak of the diffracted light from the HCCR array could be tuned from 460 to 545 nm by varying the incident angle. The HCCR array also exhibited a wavelength-selective tuning capability based on the rotation angle in the visible spectrum. HCCRs projected holographic images with the rotational property in the far field. The utility of the HCCR was demonstrated as optical temperature and relative humidity sensors that produced a visible colorimetric response for rapid diagnostics.
Hyperactivation of Nrf2 in early tubular development induces nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
Authors: Suzuki Takafumi , Seki Shiori , Hiramoto Keiichiro , Naganuma Eriko , Kobayashi Eri H. , Yamaoka Ayaka , Baird Liam , Takahashi Nobuyuki , Sato Hiroshi , Yamamoto Masayuki 
Published: February 2017

AbstractNF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) regulates cellular responses to oxidative and electrophilic stress. Loss of Keap1 increases Nrf2 protein levels, and Keap1-null mice die of oesophageal hyperkeratosis because of Nrf2 hyperactivation. Here we show that deletion of oesophageal Nrf2 in Keap1-null mice allows survival until adulthood, but the animals develop polyuria with low osmolality and bilateral hydronephrosis. This phenotype is caused by defects in water reabsorption that are the result of reduced aquaporin 2 levels in the kidney. Renal tubular deletion of Keap1 promotes nephrogenic diabetes insipidus features, confirming that Nrf2 activation in developing tubular cells causes a water reabsorption defect. These findings suggest that Nrf2 activity should be tightly controlled during development in order to maintain renal homeostasis. In addition, tissue-specific ablation of Nrf2 in Keap1-null mice might create useful animal models to uncover novel physiological functions of Nrf2.
Adaptation with transcriptional regulation
Authors: Shi Wenjia , Ma Wenzhe , Xiong Liyang , Zhang Mingyue , Tang Chao 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBiochemical adaptation is one of the basic functions that are widely implemented in biological systems for a variety of purposes such as signal sensing, stress response and homeostasis. The adaptation time scales span from milliseconds to days, involving different regulatory machineries in different processes. The adaptive networks with enzymatic regulation (ERNs) have been investigated in detail. But it remains unclear if and how other forms of regulation will impact the network topology and other features of the function. Here, we systematically studied three-node transcriptional regulatory networks (TRNs), with three different types of gene regulation logics. We found that the topologies of adaptive gene regulatory networks can still be grouped into two general classes: negative feedback loop (NFBL) and incoherent feed-forward loop (IFFL), but with some distinct topological features comparing to the enzymatic networks. Specifically, an auto-activation loop on the buffer node is necessary for the NFBL class. For IFFL class, the control node can be either a proportional node or an inversely-proportional node. Furthermore, the tunability of adaptive behavior differs between TRNs and ERNs. Our findings highlight the role of regulation forms in network topology, implementation and dynamics.
Elastic and mechanical softening in boron-doped diamond
Authors: Liu Xiaobing , Chang Yun-Yuan , Tkachev Sergey N. , Bina Craig R. , Jacobsen Steven D. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAlternative approaches to evaluating the hardness and elastic properties of materials exhibiting physical properties comparable to pure diamond have recently become necessary. The classic linear relationship between shear modulus (G) and Vickers hardness (HV), along with more recent non-linear formulations based on Pugh’s modulus extending into the superhard region (HV > 40 GPa) have guided synthesis and identification of novel superabrasives. These schemes rely on accurately quantifying HV of diamond-like materials approaching or potentially exceeding the hardness of the diamond indenter, leading to debate about methodology and the very definition of hardness. Elasticity measurements on such materials are equally challenging. Here we used a high-precision, GHz-ultrasonic interferometer in conjunction with a newly developed optical contact micrometer and 3D optical microscopy of indentations to evaluate elasticity-hardness relations in the ultrahard range (HV > 80 GPa) by examining single-crystal boron-doped diamond (BDD) with boron contents ranging from 50–3000 ppm. We observe a drastic elastic-mechanical softening in highly doped BDD relative to the trends observed for superhard materials, providing insight into elasticity-hardness relations for ultrahard materials.
Intraspecific N and P stoichiometry of Phragmites australis: geographic patterns and variation among climatic regions
Authors: Hu Yu-Kun , Zhang Ya-Lin , Liu Guo-Fang , Pan Xu , Yang Xuejun , Li Wen-Bing , Dai Wen-Hong , Tang Shuang-Li , Xiao Tao , Chen Ling-Yun , Xiong Wei , Song Yao-Bin , Dong Ming 
Published: February 2017

AbstractGeographic patterns in leaf stoichiometry reflect plant adaptations to environments. Leaf stoichiometry variations along environmental gradients have been extensively studied among terrestrial plants, but little has been known about intraspecific leaf stoichiometry, especially for wetland plants. Here we analyzed the dataset of leaf N and P of a cosmopolitan wetland species, Phragmites australis, and environmental (geographic, climate and soil) variables from literature and field investigation in natural wetlands distributed in three climatic regions (subtropical, temperate and highland) across China. We found no clear geographic patterns in leaf nutrients of P. australis across China, except for leaf N:P ratio increasing with altitude. Leaf N and N:P decreased with mean annual temperature (MAT), and leaf N and P were closely related to soil pH, C:N ratio and available P. Redundancy analysis showed that climate and soil variables explained 62.1% of total variation in leaf N, P and N:P. Furthermore, leaf N in temperate region and leaf P in subtropical region increased with soil available P, while leaf N:P in subtropical region decreased with soil pH. These patterns in P. australis different from terrestrial plants might imply that changes in climate and soil properties can exert divergent effects on wetland and terrestrial ecosystems.
Fandom Biases Retrospective Judgments Not Perception
Authors: Huff Markus , Papenmeier Frank , Maurer Annika E. , Meitz Tino G. K. , Garsoffky Bärbel , Schwan Stephan 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAttitudes and motivations have been shown to affect the processing of visual input, indicating that observers may see a given situation each literally in a different way. Yet, in real-life, processing information in an unbiased manner is considered to be of high adaptive value. Attitudinal and motivational effects were found for attention, characterization, categorization, and memory. On the other hand, for dynamic real-life events, visual processing has been found to be highly synchronous among viewers. Thus, while in a seminal study fandom as a particularly strong case of attitudes did bias judgments of a sports event, it left the question open whether attitudes do bias prior processing stages. Here, we investigated influences of fandom during the live TV broadcasting of the 2013 UEFA-Champions-League Final regarding attention, event segmentation, immediate and delayed cued recall, as well as affect, memory confidence, and retrospective judgments. Even though we replicated biased retrospective judgments, we found that eye-movements, event segmentation, and cued recall were largely similar across both groups of fans. Our findings demonstrate that, while highly involving sports events are interpreted in a fan dependent way, at initial stages they are processed in an unbiased manner.
Prevalence and characteristics of pks genotoxin gene cluster-positive clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Ying-Tsong , Lai Yi-Chyi , Tan Mei-Chen , Hsieh Li-Yun , Wang Jann-Tay , Shiau Yih-Ru , Wang Hui-Ying , Lin Ann-Chi , Lai Jui-Fen , Huang I-Wen , Lauderdale Tsai-Ling 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe pks gene cluster encodes enzymes responsible for the synthesis of colibactin, a genotoxin that has been shown to induce DNA damage and contribute to increased virulence. The present study investigated the prevalence of pks in clinical K. pneumoniae isolates from a national surveillance program in Taiwan, and identified microbiological and molecular factors associated with pks-carriage. The pks gene cluster was detected in 67 (16.7%) of 400 isolates from various specimen types. Multivariate analysis revealed that isolates of K1, K2, K20, and K62 capsular types (p < 0.001), and those more susceptible to antimicrobial agents (p = 0.001) were independent factors strongly associated with pks-carriage. Phylogenetic studies on the sequence type (ST) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns indicated that the pks-positive isolates belong to a clonal group of ST23 in K1, a locally expanding ST65 clone in K2, a ST268-related K20 group, and a highly clonal ST36:K62 group. Carriage of rmpA, iutC, and ybtA, the genes associated with hypervirulence, was significantly higher in the pks-positive isolates than the pks-negative isolates (95.5% vs. 13.2%, p < 0.001). Further studies to determine the presence of hypervirulent pks-bearing bacterial populations in the flora of community residents and their association with different disease entities may be warranted.
Texture Analysis and Synthesis of Malignant and Benign Mediastinal Lymph Nodes in Patients with Lung Cancer on Computed Tomography
Authors: Pham Tuan D. , Watanabe Yuzuru , Higuchi Mitsunori , Suzuki Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2017

AbstractTexture analysis of computed tomography (CT) imaging has been found useful to distinguish subtle differences, which are in- visible to human eyes, between malignant and benign tissues in cancer patients. This study implemented two complementary methods of texture analysis, known as the gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) and the experimental semivariogram (SV) with an aim to improve the predictive value of evaluating mediastinal lymph nodes in lung cancer. The GLCM was explored with the use of a rich set of its derived features, whereas the SV feature was extracted on real and synthesized CT samples of benign and malignant lymph nodes. A distinct advantage of the computer methodology presented herein is the alleviation of the need for an automated precise segmentation of the lymph nodes. Using the logistic regression model, a sensitivity of 75%, specificity of 90%, and area under curve of 0.89 were obtained in the test population. A tenfold cross-validation of 70% accuracy of classifying between benign and malignant lymph nodes was obtained using the support vector machines as a pattern classifier. These results are higher than those recently reported in literature with similar studies.
A highly reproducible quantitative viral outgrowth assay for the measurement of the replication-competent latent HIV-1 reservoir
Authors: Fun Axel , Mok Hoi Ping , Wills Mark R. , Lever Andrew M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractCure of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection remains elusive due to the persistence of HIV in a latent reservoir. Strategies to eradicate latent infection can only be evaluated with robust, sensitive and specific assays to quantitate reactivatable latent virus. We have taken the standard peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) based viral outgrowth methodology and from it created a logistically simpler and more highly reproducible assay to quantify replication-competent latent HIV in resting CD4+ T cells, both increasing accuracy and decreasing cost and labour. Purification of resting CD4+ T cells from whole PBMC is expedited and achieved in 3 hours, less than half the time of conventional protocols. Our indicator cell line, SupT1-CCR5 cells (a clonal cell line expressing CD4, CXCR4 and CCR5) provides a readily available standardised readout. Reproducibility compares favourably to other published assays but with reduced cost, labour and assay heterogeneity without compromising sensitivity.