bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison of individual‐based genetic distance metrics for landscape genetics
Authors: Shirk A. J. , Landguth E. L. , Cushman S. A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA major aim of landscape genetics is to understand how landscapes resist gene flow and thereby influence population genetic structure. An empirical understanding of this process provides a wealth of information that can be used to guide conservation and management of species in fragmented landscapes and also to predict how landscape change may affect population viability. Statistical approaches to infer the true model among competing alternatives are based on the strength of the relationship between pairwise genetic distances and landscape distances among sampled individuals in a population. A variety of methods have been devised to quantify individual genetic distances, but no study has yet compared their relative performance when used for model selection in landscape genetics. In this study, we used population genetic simulations to assess the accuracy of 16 individual‐based genetic distance metrics under varying sample sizes and degree of population genetic structure. We found most metrics performed well when sample size and genetic structure was high. However, it was much more challenging to infer the true model when sample size and genetic structure was low. Under these conditions, we found genetic distance metrics based on principal components analysis were the most accurate (although several other metrics performed similarly), but only when they were derived from multiple principal components axes (the optimal number varied depending on the degree of population genetic structure). Our results provide guidance for which genetic distance metrics maximize model selection accuracy and thereby better inform conservation and management decisions based upon landscape genetic analysis.
Fusarium fujikuroi associated with stem rot of red‐fleshed dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) in Malaysia
Authors: Masratul Hawa M. , Nurul Faziha I. , Nik Mohamad Izham M.N. , Latiffah Z. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractStem rot was recorded as one of serious diseases of red‐fleshed dragon fruit, (Hylocereus polyrhizus), in Malaysia. Fusarium fujikuroi was recovered from stem rot lesion of H. polyrhizus and the species was identified using TEF1‐α sequence and mating study. From maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree using combined TEF1‐α and β‐tubulin sequences, the F. fujikuroi isolates from stem rot were grouped according to three geographical locations, namely Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah and Sarawak. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that F. fujikuroi isolates from stem rot of H. polyrhizus were clustered separately from F. fujikuroi isolates from rice because of intraspecific variation. From amplification of MAT allele‐specific primers, 20% of the isolates carried MAT‐1 allele while 80% carried MAT‐2 allele. From isolates that carried MAT‐1 allele, 65% crossed‐fertile with MP‐C (mating population of F. fujikuroi) tester strain while for MAT‐2 allele, 56% crossed‐fertile with MP‐C. None of the isolates were identified as MP‐D (mating population of F. proliferatum). Pathogenicity test conducted on 40 representative isolates showed that the stem rot symptoms were similar with the symptoms observed in the field, and can be categorized as low, moderate and high aggressiveness, which indicated variation in pathogenicity and virulence among the isolates. This study provides novel findings regarding Fusarium species associated with stem rot of H. polyrhizus and indicated that F. fujikuroi as a new causal pathogen of the disease.
A Novel Approach to Study Medical Decision Making in the Clinical Setting: The “Own‐point‐of‐view” Perspective
Authors: Pelaccia Thierry , Tardif Jacques , Triby Emmanuel , Charlin Bernard 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundMaking diagnostic and therapeutic decisions is a critical activity among physicians. It relies on the ability of physicians to use cognitive processes and specific knowledge in the context of a clinical reasoning. This ability is a core competency in physicians, especially in the field of emergency medicine where the rate of diagnostic errors is high. Studies that explore medical decision making in an authentic setting are increasing significantly. They are based on the use of qualitative methods that are applied at two separate times: 1) a video recording of the subject's actual activity in an authentic setting and 2) an interview with the subject, supported by the video recording. Traditionally, activity is recorded from an “external perspective”; i.e., a camera is positioned in the room in which the consultation takes place. This approach has many limits, both technical and with respect to the validity of the data collected.ObjectivesThe article aims at 1) describing how decision making is currently being studied, especially from a qualitative standpoint, and the reasons why new methods are needed, and 2) reporting how we used an original, innovative approach to study decision making in the field of emergency medicine and findings from these studies to guide further the use of this method. The method consists in recording the subject's activity from his own point of view, by fixing a microcamera on his temple or the branch of his glasses. An interview is then held on the basis of this recording, so that the subject being interviewed can relive the situation, to facilitate the explanation of his reasoning with respect to his decisions and actions.ResultsWe describe how this method has been used successfully in investigating medical decision making in emergency medicine. We provide details on how to use it optimally, taking into account the constraints associated with the practice of emergency medicine and the benefits in the study of clinical reasoning.ConclusionThe “own‐point‐of‐view” video technique is a promising method to study clinical decision making in emergency medicine. It is a powerful tool to stimulate recall and help physicians make their reasoning explicit, thanks to a greater psychological immersion.
Job satisfaction and intention to stay within community and residential aged care employees
Authors: Radford Katrina , Meissner Ellen 
Published: April 2017

ObjectiveThis study investigated the different facets of job satisfaction that influence community care and residential care employees’ intention to stay in the aged care workforce.MethodsA survey of four organisations in Australia was undertaken. t‐Tests were conducted to analyse differences between groups. Regression analyses were performed to examine the factors influencing intentions to stay in the workforce.ResultsCommunity care workers were more satisfied with various facets of job satisfaction including work on their present job, supervision, people in their present job and the job in general. There was a difference between how the various facets of job satisfaction influenced intentions to stay for residential care compared to community care workers.ConclusionsBoth workers were satisfied with their work conditions and work to different extents. There is an opportunity for residential care to look to the practices within the community care sector to improve employees’ intentions to stay.
The effect of canaloplasty with suprachoroidal drainage combined with cataract surgery – 1‐year results
Authors: Seuthe Anna‐Maria , Januschowski Kai , Mariacher Siegfried , Ebner Martina , Opitz Natalia , Szurman Peter , Boden Karl 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of phacocanaloplasty with suprachoroidal drainage (PCscD) and to compare its intraocular pressure (IOP)‐lowering and drug‐sparing effect to canaloplasty with suprachoroidal drainage (CscD).MethodsThe study retrospective interventional study included patients with open‐angle glaucoma or secondary forms of glaucoma who underwent either CscD or PCscD between the year 2011 and 2014 in Knappschaft Eye Clinic Sulzbach. Primary end‐points were IOP reduction and the number of IOP‐lowering medication after 12 months. Secondary end‐points were intraoperative and postoperative complications.ResultsA total of 328 eyes were included, 193 were treated with CscD and 135 underwent PCscD. Canaloplasty with scD achieved an IOP reduction of 37.0% (from 20.9 ± 3.6 mmHg to 13.2 ± 2.6 mmHg) after 1 year, whereas PCscD showed a significant higher reduction of 47.4% (from 23.2 ± 5.1 mmHg to 12.2 ± 1.7 mmHg). Reduction in IOP‐lowering medication was higher after PCscD (from 3.6 ± 0.6 to 0.2 ± 0.5) than after CscD (from 3.5 ± 0.8 to 0.7 ± 1.0). Twelve months after surgery 55.5% in the CscD group and 80.2% in the PCscD group were free of IOP‐lowering medication. In both groups, no severe or sight‐threatening complications occurred.ConclusionCombining cataract surgery and CscD achieves a higher IOP reduction, and patients postoperatively need less IOP‐lowering medication than after CscD alone.
Transfusion research priorities for blood services in sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Bates Imelda , Hassall Oliver , Mapako Tonderai 
Published: April 2017

SummaryEvidence to support many blood transfusion policies and practices in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) is weak or lacking. SSA cannot extrapolate from wealthy countries’ research findings because its environment, users and structures are very different and SSA has critical blood shortages. SSA needs to generate its own evidence but research funds are very scarce and need to be carefully targeted to match need. This study aimed to define this need by determining research priorities for blood services in SSA. Thirty‐five stakeholders representing diverse blood services’ interests and expertise participated in a workshop. An adapted ‘consensus development method’ was used to identify, agree and justify research priorities under five themes through small group and plenary discussion, and cumulative voting. Research priorities covered traditional research areas, such as clinical use of blood and infection screening, but also highlighted many new, under‐researched topics, mostly concerning blood service ‘systems’, such as economics, blood components and regulation. Lack of electronic information management systems was an important hindrance to the blood services’ ability to generate robust research data. This study has identified and prioritised novel research that will help blood services in SSA to address their own needs including their most urgent problem: the lack of access to adequate blood supplies. To catalyse this research blood services in SSA need to enhance their capacity to conduct, commission and manage research and to strengthen their collaborations within and beyond Africa.
The Sheffield Learning Disabilities Outcome Measure: a factor analysis
Authors: Delahunty Lauren , McCrohan Fiona , Kidd Gill 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundThe Sheffield Learning Disabilities Outcome Measure (SLDOM) is routinely used across clinical services in theUK, despite not yet showing evidence of psychometric reliability or validity. However, it is reported that theSLDOMdemonstrates good face validity, and represents a valuable tool for providing useful information around the parent‐child relationship in the context of having a child with a Learning Disability (LD).MethodThis study involved 263 parents or carers of a child withLDwho completed theSLDOM. Data from this study were subjected to factor analysis.ResultsThese findings suggest that theSLDOMcould be viewed as a tool that measures two concepts: (1) internal factors central to the parent/carer in relation to having a child withLDand (2) external factors in terms of the context and environment surrounding a child withLD. To our knowledge, this study is one of the first to investigate the psychometric properties of theSLDOM.ConclusionsThis has implications in terms of building evidence to support the clinical and research use of this tool; to provide evidence‐based clinical services, and overall, to gain a better understanding of patients and their families, which will allow for optimum service provision.
Breast milk IgA to foods has different epitope specificity than serum IgA—Evidence for entero‐mammary link for food‐specific IgA?
Authors: Seppo A. E. , Savilahti E. M. , Berin M. C. , Sampson H. A. , Järvinen K. M. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryBackgroundWe have previously shown that maternal cow's milk (CM) elimination results in downregulation of CM‐specific IgA antibody levels in BM, but not in serum, suggesting that an entero‐mammary link may exist for food‐specific antibody‐secreting cells.ObjectiveWe sought to investigate whether food‐specific IgA epitope profiles differ intra‐individually between mother's serum and BM. We also examined how infants’ food epitope‐specific IgA develops in early infancy and the relationship of IgA epitope recognition with development of cow's milk allergy (CMA).MethodsWe measured specific IgA to a series of overlapping peptides in major CM allergens (αs1‐, αs2‐, β‐ and κ‐caseins and β‐lactoglobulin) in paired maternal and infant serum as well as BM samples in 31 mother‐infant dyads within the first 15 post‐partum months utilizing peptide microarray.ResultsThere was significant discordance in epitope specificity between BM and maternal sera ranging from only 13% of sample pairs sharing at least one epitope in αs1‐casein to 73% in κ‐casein. Epitope‐specific IgA was detectable in infants’ sera starting at less than 3 months of age. Sera of mothers with a CMA infant had increased binding of epitope‐specific IgA to CM proteins compared to those with a non‐CMA infant.Conclusion & Clinical RelevanceThese findings support the concept that mother's milk has a distinct antifood antibody repertoire when compared to the antibody repertoire of the peripheral blood. Increased binding of serum epitope‐specific IgA to CM in mothers of infants with CMA may reflect inherited systemic immunogenicity of CM proteins in these families, although specific IgA in breast milk was not proportionally up‐regulated.
Serum phosphorus levels and fracture following renal transplantation
Authors: Aleksova Jasna , Wong Phillip , Mulley William R. , Choy Kay Weng , McLachlan Robert , Ebeling Peter R. , Kerr Peter G. , Milat Frances 
Published: April 2017

SummaryPurposeIncreased fracture rates are observed in renal transplant recipients (RTRs) compared with the general population. Risk factors include age, diabetes, dialysis vintage, immunosuppression and mineral and bone disorders.1 Low serum phosphorus levels occur post‐transplantation; however, its relationship with fracture risk has not been evaluated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate risk factors for fracture in RTRs at a single tertiary referral centre.MethodsA retrospective cross‐sectional analysis of 146 patients (75 M, 71 F) who had been referred for dual energy X‐ray densitometry (DXA) post‐renal transplantation was performed. Aetiology of end stage kidney disease (ESKD), duration of dialysis, parathyroidectomy history, immunosuppression regimen, bone mineral density (BMD), biochemistry and fractures were documented. Statistical analyses included univariable and multivariable regression.ResultsThe mean age of patients was 54 years and mean time post‐transplantation 6.7 years. A total of 79 fractures occurred in 52 patients (35%), with 40 fractures occurring post‐transplantation. Ankle/foot fractures were most common (48%). Lower serum phosphorus levels and declining femoral neck (FN) T‐score and were associated with fractures in both univariable and multivariable regression analyses after adjusting for age, gender, weight, estimated glomerular filtration rate and pre‐transplant history of fracture (P=.011 and P=.042 respectively). The relationship between serum phosphorus and fracture remained significant independent of FN T‐score, parathyroid hormone levels, parathyroidectomy status and prednisolone use.ConclusionFracture was common post‐renal transplantation. Lower serum phosphorus levels and declining FN T‐scores were associated with fractures. The mechanism of this previously unreported observation requires further evaluation in prospective studies.
Naloxone rescheduling in Australia: Processes, implementation and challenges with supply of naloxone as a ‘pharmacist only’ over‐the‐counter medicine
Authors: Pricolo Angelo , Nielsen Suzanne 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIssuesNumerous studies and systematic reviews have concluded that naloxone for take‐home use is an effective intervention to reduce overdose morbidity and mortality, with few side effects and no abuse potential. One barrier to supply is that naloxone has traditionally been a prescription medication. In May 2015, the Therapeutic Goods Administration of Australia announced the intention to down‐schedule naloxone when used for the treatment of opioid overdose, enabling sale in pharmacies without a prescription. The aim of this article is to describe process of rescheduling of naloxone and some of the challenges observed.ApproachWe describe the process of rescheduling from initial proposal development to gaining support and submissions from a range of individuals and professional bodies to support this change. The implications of the change, particularly for pharmacy supply of naloxone, are discussed, including next steps to facilitate implementation of this change in the Australian context.Key FindingsA submission to reschedule naloxone was successfully instigated by a member of the public. The change may help remove access barriers to naloxone by allowing pharmacist supply. Cost, pharmacist training, existing naloxone formulation, presentation and packaging remain challenges to address.Implications and ConclusionNaloxone down‐scheduling has opened up an additional way to supply naloxone through community pharmacy. Further expansion of naloxone availability may be achieved through addressing cost as a barrier, and making naloxone more widely accessible through needle syringe programs, and other services that do not have medical staff.
A unified framework to model the potential and realized distributions of invasive species within the invaded range
Authors: Hattab Tarek , Garzón‐López Carol X. , Ewald Michael , Skowronek Sandra , Aerts Raf , Horen Hélène , Brasseur Boris , Gallet‐Moron Emilie , Spicher Fabien , Decocq Guillaume , Feilhauer Hannes , Honnay Olivier , Kempeneers Pieter , Schmidtlein Sebastian , Somers Ben , Van De Kerchove Ruben , Rocchini Duccio , Lenoir Jonathan 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimTo propose a species distribution modelling framework and its companion “iSDM” R package for predicting the potential and realized distributions of invasive species within the invaded range.LocationNorthern France.MethodsThe non‐equilibrium distribution of invasive species with the environment within the invaded range affects the environmental representativeness of species presence–absence data collected from the field and introduces uncertainty in observed absences as these may either reflect unsuitable sites or be incidental. To address these issues, we here propose an environmental systematic sampling design to collect presence–absence data from the field and a probability index to sort and subsequently separate environmental absences (EAs: reflecting environmentally unsuitable sites) from dispersal‐limited absences (DLAs: reflecting sites out of dispersal reach). We first conducted a comprehensive test based on a virtual species to evaluate the performance of our framework. Then, we applied it on different life stages of a non‐native tree species (Prunus serotina Ehrh.) invasive in Europe.ResultsRegarding the potential distribution, we found higher model performances for both the virtual species (true skill statistics (TSS) > 0.75) and P. serotina (TSS ≥ 0.68) after carefully selecting absences with a low probability to be DLAs compared with classical models that incorporate both EAs and DLAs (e.g. TSS = 0.11 for P. serotina with 80% of DLAs). On the contrary, both EAs and DLAs as well as dispersal‐related covariates were needed to capture the realized distribution of both the virtual species and P. serotina.Main ConclusionsOur framework helps overcoming the conceptual and methodological limitations of the disequilibrium in species’ distribution models inherent to invasive species and enables managers to robustly estimate both the realized and potential distributions of invasive species. Although more relevant for modelling the distribution of non‐native species, this framework can also be applied to native species.
Efficacy and safety of lixisenatide in patients with type 2 diabetes and renal impairment
Authors: Hanefeld Markolf , Arteaga Juan M. , Leiter Lawrence A. , Marchesini Giulio , Nikonova Elena , Shestakova Marina , Stager William , Gómez‐Huelgas Ricardo 
Published: April 2017

AimsThis post hoc assessment evaluated the efficacy and safety of once‐daily, prandial glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist lixisenatide in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and normal renal function (estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥90 mL/min), or mild (60‐89 mL/min) or moderate (30‐59 mL/min) renal impairment.MethodsPatients from 9 lixisenatide trials in the GetGoal clinical trial programme were categorized by baseline creatinine clearance: normal renal function (lixisenatide n = 2094, placebo n = 1150); renal impairment (mild: lixisenatide n = 637, placebo n = 414; moderate: lixisenatide n = 122, placebo n = 68). Meta‐analyses of placebo‐adjusted mean differences between baseline renal categories were performed for efficacy and safety outcomes.Results
HbA1c, 2‐hour postprandial plasma glucose and fasting plasma glucose were comparably reduced in lixisenatide‐treated patients with normal renal function, and mild and moderate renal impairment. The most common adverse events (AEs) in all renal function categories were gastrointestinal (GI), predominantly nausea and vomiting. A 14% higher incidence of GI AEs and a 10% higher incidence of nausea and vomiting were seen with mild impairment vs normal function (P = .003 for both), but no significant differences were observed between the mild and moderate impairment categories (P = .99 and P = .57, respectively), or between the moderate impairment and normal categories (P = .16 and P = .65, respectively). Additionally, the incidence of hypoglycaemia was similar in all categories.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that baseline renal status does not affect efficacy outcomes in lixisenatide‐ vs placebo‐treated patients, and that no lixisenatide dose adjustment is required for patients with T2D with mild or moderate renal impairment.