bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of intrapancreatic fat on diabetes outcomes after total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation
Authors: Kizilgul Muhammed , Wilhelm Joshua J. , Beilman Gregory J. , Chinnakotla Srinath , Dunn Ty B. , Pruett Timothy L. , Abdulla Muhamad , Heller David , Freeman Martin L. , Schwarzenberg Sarah J. , Hering Bernhard J. , Bellin Melena D. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundPancreatic fat may adversely affect β‐cell mass and function, possibly via local release of non‐esterified fatty acids, and proinflammatory and vasoactive factors released by adipose tissue. However, the effects of intrapancreatic fat in patients with chronic pancreatitis undergoing total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation (TPIAT) have not been studied. This study investigated whether pancreatic fatty infiltration has a negative effect on metabolic outcomes following TPIAT.MethodsThe association between pancreatic fatty infiltration and diabetes outcomes was studied in 79 patients with low or high pancreatic fat content (LPF [n = 53] and HPF [n = 26], respectively) undergoing TPIAT. Pancreatic fatty infiltration was stratified using gross examinations during isolation and validated with histomorphometry of archived histology samples.ResultsFat area percentage in histology samples differed significantly between the LPF and HPF groups (2.1% ± 4.3% vs 10.6% ± 8.9%, respectively; P = 0.0009). Insulin dependence was more common in the HPF group, whereas more patients in the LPF group were insulin independent or on partial insulin supplementation at 1 year (P = 0.022). Furthermore, 1‐ and 2‐h glucose concentrations during mixed‐meal tolerance tests were significantly higher in the HPF group (P = 0.032 and 0.027, respectively) and β‐scores (a composite measure of islet function and metabolic control) were significantly greater in the LPF than HPF group (6.1 ± 1.7 vs 4.6 ± 2.0; P = 0.034).ConclusionsPatients with HPF were more likely to be insulin dependent, with higher postprandial glucose excursion, suggesting that intrapancreatic fat may lead to β‐cell dysfunction with detrimental effects on diabetes outcomes after TPIAT.
Ramen restaurant clusters in Japan: Geographical variety, locational lore, and evolutionary characteristics
Authors: Reiffenstein Tim 
Published: August 2017

Key Messages

This study identifies three types of agglomeration in the Japanese ramen restaurant industry.
These clusters are known through various spatial vernacular cues: maps, images, stories, and other lore that circulate in mainstream, esoteric, and fan social network communities.
Waseda University is a key local institution in shaping the reputation of Tokyo's most famous ramen cluster, centred on Takadanobaba Station.
In Praise of Sociology
Authors: Connell Raewyn 
Published: August 2017

This reflection on the relevance of sociology starts with the different forms of social knowledge, and some autobiographical reflection on my engagement with the discipline. A research‐based social science is made urgent by the prevalence of distortion and pseudoscience in the public realm. However, the research‐based knowledge formation is embedded in a global economy of knowledge that centers on a privileged group of institutions and produces major imbalances on a world scale. Sociological data collection has important uses in policy and public discussion. But data need to be embedded in a larger project of understanding the world; this is what gives excitement to the work. Sociology has a potential future of marginality or triviality in the neoliberal economy and its university system. There are better trajectories into the future—but they have to be fought for.Cette réflexion sur l'utilité de la sociologie commence avec les différentes formes de savoir social, ainsi que quelques réflexions biographiques sur mon engagement avec la discipline. Le besoin d'une science sociale orientée vers la recherche est devenue nécessaire suite à la prédominance de la distorsion et de la pseudoscience dans la sphère publique. Par contre, ce savoir centré sur la recherche est lié à une économie globale de la connaissance qui est proche d'un groupe privilégié d'institutions et produit des déséquilibres majeurs au niveau mondial. La collecte de données sociologiques a une grande utilité en politique et dans les discussions publiques. Mais ces données doivent être liées à un projet plus large de compréhension du monde ; c'est ce qui rend ce travail excitant. La sociologie risque la marginalisation ou la trivialité dans une économie néo‐libérale et son système universitaire. Il existe de meilleures trajectoires pour l'avenir — mais elles doivent être défendues.
Modeling phenotypes of malignant gliomas
Authors: Sampetrean Oltea , Saya Hideyuki 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMalignant gliomas are primary tumors of the central nervous system characterized by diffuse infiltration into the brain and a high recurrence rate. Advances in comprehensive genomic studies have provided unprecedented insight into the genetic and molecular heterogeneity of these tumors and refined our understanding of their evolution from low to high grade. However, similar levels of phenotypic characterization are indispensable to understanding the complexity of malignant gliomas. Experimental glioma models have also achieved great progress in recent years. Advances in transgenic technologies and cell culture have allowed the establishment of mouse models that mirror the human disease with increasing fidelity and which support single‐cell resolution for phenotypic analyses. Here we review the major types of preclinical glioma models, with an emphasis on how recent developments in experimental modeling have shed new light on two fundamental aspects of glioma phenotype, their cell of origin and their invasive potential.
Relationship between ultrasound muscle thickness and MRI‐measured muscle cross‐sectional area in the forearm: a pilot study
Authors: Abe Takashi , Nakatani Miyuki , Loenneke Jeremy P. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryPrevious studies have investigated the relationship between ultrasound‐measured muscle thickness (MT) and individual muscle cross‐sectional area (CSA); however, the forearm muscle had not yet been studied. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between forearm MT by ultrasound and the muscle CSA of the forearm obtained by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Ten young and middle‐aged adults had both ultrasound and MRI measurements at 30% the distance from the styloid process of the ulna to the head of the radius. Handgrip strength (HGS) was also measured. Strong correlations (P<0·001) were observed between MRI‐measured muscle CSA (total and flexor and extensor components) and MT‐ulna (ranged r = 0·937–0·946) and MT‐radius (ranged r = 0·884–0·891). HGS was also correlated (P<0·001) with forearm MT (MT‐ulna, r = 0·877; MT‐radius, r = 0·852) and MRI‐measured muscle CSA (flexor CSA, r = 0·910; extensor CSA, r = 0·923). Our results suggest that forearm MT is closely associated with MRI‐measured forearm muscle CSA in young and middle‐aged adults and suggest that ultrasound‐measured forearm muscle thickness may be a useful variable for evaluating muscle CSA and function in the forearm.
Heart rate recovery improves after exercise in water when compared with on land
Authors: Boussuges Alain , Rossi Pascal , Poirette Laurent , Gavarry Olivier 
Published: August 2017

SummaryBackgroundWater immersion has demonstrated its effectiveness in the recovery process after exercise. This study presents for the first time the impact of water immersion on heart rate recovery after low‐intensity cycle exercise.MethodsSixteen male volunteers were involved in the study. The experiment consisted of two cycling exercises: 1 h in ambient air and 1 h in water (temperature: 32 ± 0·2°C). The exercise intensity was individually prescribed to elicit around 35%–40% of VO2 peak for both conditions. Heart rate recovery was analysed according to recognized methods, such as the differences between heart rate at exercise completion and within the 2 min recovery period.ResultsAlthough the two exercises were performed both at same energy expenditure and heart rate, the indexes used to assess the fast and slow decay of the heart rate recovery were significantly shortened after exercise in water.ConclusionThe results of the present study suggest that cycling in thermoneutral water decreases the cardiac work after exercise when compared with cycling on land.
Likelihood of pregnancy after embryo transfer is reduced in recipient mares with a short preceding oestrus
Authors: Cuervo‐Arango J. , Claes A. N. , Ruijter‐Villani M. , Stout T. A. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryBackgroundPrevious surveys reported a positive association between the length of the follicular phase and subsequent fertility in embryo transfer donor and Thoroughbred mares. However, it is unclear whether a longer oestrus positively influences fertilisation and oviductal development (oocyte quality, oviductal environment), or uterine receptivity and survival of the embryo in the uterus.ObjectivesTo determine the effect of length of oestrus (characterised by duration of endometrial oedema) on likelihood of pregnancy and early embryo loss (EEL) in recipient mares after embryo transfer (ET).Study designRetrospective clinical study.MethodsA total of 350 embryos recovered from 161 donor mares were transferred into 231 recipient mares during three consecutive breeding seasons. The following variables were analysed via two binary logistic regression models to determine their effect on pregnancy and EEL: 1) year of transfer, 2) season of transfer, 3) age of the recipient mare, 4) age of the donor mare, 5) operator performing the transfer, 6) singleton or twin embryo, 7) embryo size, 8) number of transfers to a given recipient in any one season, the use of 9) d‐cloprostenol and 10) hCG in the recipient mare, 11) day of ovulation of the recipient mare at ET, 12) number of corpora lutea (CLs) at ET, and 13) duration of oestrus in the recipient mare.ResultsAge of the donor mare (P = 0.01), operator (P = 0.008), number of CLs at ET (P = 0.05) and the number of days of endometrial oedema during the oestrus preceding ET to the recipient mare (P = 0.004) influenced the likelihood of pregnancy. Early embryonic loss was influenced only by the year of transfer (P = 0.014).Main limitationsRetrospective design of the study. The involvement of several veterinary surgeons over the 3‐year period could have affected data recording.ConclusionsThe likelihood of pregnancy in recipient mares is positively correlated with the duration of endometrial oedema during the oestrus preceding ET. This suggests a role for an adequate duration of oestrogenic priming during oestrus on uterine receptivity and embryo survival.
Impact of test anxiety on pharmacy students’ performance in Objective Structured Clinical Examination: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Hadi Muhammad A , Ali Majid , Haseeb Abdul , Mohamed Mahmoud M A , Elrggal Mahmoud E , Cheema Ejaz 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the association between test-related anxiety and pharmacy students’ performance in the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE).MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted among Year-5 Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) students enrolled at a public university in Saudi Arabia. Students completed Test Anxiety Inventory (TAI), a 20-item validated questionnaire used to assess test-related anxiety, prior to the commencement of a summative OSCE. TAI has two subscales: TAI-Emotionality (TAI-E) and TAI-Worry (TAI-W). The overall maximum possible total score (TAI-T) is 80, with a minimum possible score of 20.Key findingsAll 25 students, 10 males and 15 females completed the survey. The overall mean scores for TAI-E, TAI-W and TAI-T were 20.2, 19.6 and 50.2, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between males and females with respect to the TAI-E score (P = 0.43), TAI-W score (P = 0.25) and TAI-T score (P = 0.34). Females had higher marks in the OSCE compared with males (P = 0.01), however. After adjusting for gender, multiple linear regression analysis showed a statistically significant negative association between TAI-W score and marks obtained in OSCE (P = 0.02; 95% CI = −0.42, −0.03).ConclusionAssessment-related worry may negatively affect students’ scores in performance-based examination and could lead to overall underperformance.
Sectoral diversification as insurance against economic instability
Authors: Kluge Jan 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis paper examines the extent to which sectoral diversification can act as an insurance mechanism against fluctuations in regional gross value‐added growth rates. Portfolio theory is applied to the growth‐instability properties of German districts. Furthermore, a comprehensive diversification measure is defined. Stochastic Frontier Analysis is deployed in order to estimate whether diversification allows regions to achieve more efficient growth‐instability combinations. The results confirm that diversification does generate such effects. Spatial interactions do also play a role: The effects are less pronounced for regions whose economic performance is mainly driven by the surrounding regions.
The effect of vacant building demolitions on crime under depopulation
Authors: Stacy Christina Plerhoples 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe costs of demolishing a vacant building are often justified on the grounds of crime reduction. I explore this claim by estimating the spatial and temporal effects of demolitions on reported crime in the city of Saginaw, Michigan. To do so, I estimate a model that uses within‐block group variation to compare crime after a demolition occurs to before the permit for that demolition was issued. Results indicate that demolitions reduce crime by about 8 percent on the block group in question and 5 percent on nearby block groups, with the largest impact concentrated one to two months after the demolition occurs.
On the market viability under proportional transaction costs
Authors: Bayraktar Erhan , Yu Xiang 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis paper studies the market viability with proportional transaction costs. Instead of requiring the existence of strictly consistent price systems as in the literature, we show that strictly consistent local martingale systems (SCLMS) can successfully serve as the dual elements such that the market viability can be verified. We introduce two weaker notions of no arbitrage conditions on market models named no unbounded profit with bounded risk (NUPBR) and no local arbitrage with bounded portfolios (NLABPs). In particular, we show that the NUPBR and NLABP conditions in the robust sense are equivalent to the existence of SCLMS for general market models. We also discuss the implications for the utility maximization problem.
New molecular insights into an archaeal RNase J reveal a conserved processive exoribonucleolysis mechanism of the RNase J family
Authors: Zheng Xin , Feng Na , Li Defeng , Dong Xiuzhu , Li Jie 
Published: August 2017

SummaryRNase J, a prokaryotic 5′‐3′ exo/endoribonuclease, contributes to mRNA decay, rRNA maturation and post‐transcriptional regulation. Yet the processive‐exoribonucleolysis mechanism remains obscure. Here, we solved the first RNA‐free and RNA‐bound structures of an archaeal RNase J, and through intensive biochemical studies provided detailed mechanistic insights into the catalysis and processivity. Distinct dimerization/tetramerization patterns were observed for archaeal and bacterial RNase Js, and unique archaeal Loops I and II were found involved in RNA interaction. A hydrogen‐bond‐network was identified for the first time that assists catalysis by facilitating efficient proton transfer in the catalytic center. A conserved 5′‐monophosphate‐binding pocket that coordinates the RNA 5′‐end ensures the 5′‐monophosphate preferential exoribonucleolysis. To achieve exoribonucleolytic processivity, the 5′‐monophosphate‐binding pocket and nucleotide +4 binding site anchor RNA within the catalytic track; the 5′‐capping residue Leu37 of the sandwich pocket coupled with the 5′‐monophosphate‐binding pocket are dedicated to translocating and controlling the RNA orientation for each exoribonucleolytic cycle. The processive‐exoribonucleolysis mechanism was verified as conserved in bacterial RNase J and also exposes striking parallels with the non‐homologous eukaryotic 5′‐3′ exoribonuclease, Xrn1. The findings in this work shed light on not only the molecular mechanism of the RNase J family, but also the evolutionary convergence of divergent exoribonucleases.
Legal Arguments from Scholarly Authority
Authors: Shecaira Fábio Perin 
Published: August 2017

AbstractOrdinary arguments from authority have the following structure: A says p; A is authoritative on such things; so p. Legal actors use such arguments whenever they ground their decisions on the sheer “say‐so” of legislators, judges, scholars, expert witnesses, and so on. This paper focuses on arguments appealing to the authority of scholars, “doctrinal” or “dogmatic” legal scholars in particular. Appeal to doctrinal authority is a puzzling feature of legal argumentation. In what sense are doctrinal scholars “authorities”? Is p, as advanced by a scholar, descriptive or prescriptive? Is scholarly authority grounded on expertise or something different? The paper addresses these questions.
Constructing Sociodemographic Indicators for National Statistical Institutes by Using Mobile Phone Data: Estimating Literacy Rates in Senegal
Authors: Schmid Timo , Bruckschen Fabian , Salvati Nicola , Zbiranski Till 
Published: August 2017

Summary
Modern systems of official statistics require the accurate and timely estimation of sociodemographic indicators for disaggregated geographical regions. Traditional data collection methods such as censuses or household surveys impose great financial and organizational burdens on national statistical institutes. The rise of new information and communication technologies offers promising sources to mitigate these shortcomings. We propose a unified approach for national statistical institutes in developing countries based on small area estimation that allows for the estimation of sociodemographic indicators by using mobile phone data. In particular, the methodology is applied to mobile phone data from Senegal for deriving subnational estimates of the share of illiterates disaggregated by gender. The estimates are used to identify hotspots of illiterates with a need for additional infrastructure or policy adjustments. Although we focus on literacy as a particular sociodemographic indicator, the approach proposed is applicable to indicators from national statistics in general.
Mitophagy in maintaining skeletal muscle mitochondrial proteostasis and metabolic health with ageing
Authors: Drake Joshua C. , Yan Zhen 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSkeletal muscle is important for overall functionality and health. Ageing is associated with an accumulation of damage to mitochondrial DNA and proteins. In particular, damage to mitochondrial proteins in skeletal muscle, which is a loss of mitochondrial proteostasis, contributes to tissue dysfunction and negatively impacts systemic health. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms underlying the regulation of mitochondrial proteostasis and how those mechanisms change with age is important for the development of interventions to promote healthy ageing. Herein, we examine how impairment in the selective degradation of damaged/dysfunctional mitochondria through mitophagy may play a central role in the loss of mitochondrial proteostasis in skeletal muscle ageing, as well as its broader implications for systemic health. Further, we explore how stimulating mitophagy through exercise may promote healthy ageing.
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Synaptic excitation by climbing fibre collaterals in the cerebellar nuclei of juvenile and adult mice
Authors: Najac Marion , Raman Indira M. 
Published: August 2017

Key points
The inferior olive sends instructive motor signals to the cerebellum via the climbing fibre projection, which sends collaterals directly to large premotor neurons of the mouse cerebellar nuclei (CbN cells).
Optogenetic activation of inferior olivary axons in vitro evokes EPSCs in CbN cells of several hundred pA to more than 1 nA.
The inputs are three‐fold larger at younger ages, 12 to 14 days old, than at 2 months old, suggesting a strong functional role for this pathway earlier in development.
The EPSCs are multipeaked, owing to burst firing in several olivary afferents that fire asynchronously.
The convergence of climbing fibre collaterals onto CbN cells decreases from ∼40 to ∼8, which is consistent with the formation of closed‐loop circuits in which each CbN neuron receives input from 4–7 collaterals from inferior olivary neurons as well as from all 30–50 Purkinje cells that are innervated by those olivary neurons.
AbstractThe inferior olive conveys instructive signals to the cerebellum that drive sensorimotor learning. Inferior olivary neurons transmit their signals via climbing fibres, which powerfully excite Purkinje cells, evoking complex spikes and depressing parallel fibre synapses. Additionally, however, these climbing fibres send collaterals to the cerebellar nuclei (CbN). In vivo and in vitro data suggest that climbing fibre collateral excitation is weak in adult mice, raising the question of whether the primary role of this pathway may be developmental. We therefore examined climbing fibre collateral input to large premotor CbN cells over development by virally expressing channelrhodopsin in the inferior olive. In acute cerebellar slices from postnatal day (P)12–14 mice, light‐evoked EPSCs were large (> 1 nA at −70 mV). The amplitude of these EPSCs decreased over development, reaching a plateau of ∼350 pA at P20–60. Trains of EPSCs (5 Hz) depressed strongly throughout development, whereas convergence estimates indicated that the total number of functional afferents decreased with age. EPSC waveforms consisted of multiple peaks, probably resulting from action potential bursts in single collaterals and variable times to spike threshold in converging afferents. Activating climbing fibre collaterals evoked well‐timed increases in firing probability in CbN neurons, especially in younger mice. The initially strong input, followed by the decrement in synaptic strength coinciding with the pruning of climbing fibres in the cerebellar cortex, implicates the climbing fibre collateral pathway in early postnatal development. Additionally, the persistence of substantial synaptic input at least to P60 suggests that this pathway may function in cerebellar processing into adulthood.