bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moisture conditions are limiting evapotranspiration changes of Alpine mountains of Qilian Mountains
Authors: Wang Yunying , Li Zongxing , Xue Jian , Si Lanping , Xu Chong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractVariations in evapotranspiration and their sensitivity to controlling variables are pivotal for comprehending water balance dynamics and climate change, particularly in high‐altitude regions such as the Qilian mountains. Environmental shifts are bound to disrupt local water cycles and balance, with significant implications for these alpine areas. To enhance our understanding of evapotranspiration variability across different altitudes within the Qilian Mountains' high‐elevation region and to assess the model's adaptability and responsiveness to environmental factors, our study involved measuring actual evapotranspiration at three distinct elevations. This was achieved using meteorological stations and continuous data from a weighing‐type microlysimeter at the Shaliu River basin's gradients of 3797, 4250 and 4303 m, spanning the growing seasons from June 2020 to October 2022. We utilized 10 models to calculate the value of reference evapotranspiration, which were then matched against actual evapotranspiration data to identify the most appropriate model. Our research found that across the three elevation gradients, the daily average evapotranspiration were 3.663, 3.845 and 4.317 mm day−1, respectively. Across the three elevations, with consistent intra‐annual fluctuations. Notably, August experienced the highest monthly evapotranspiration at 4.750 mm day−1, and reach peak at 10:00 and 15:00 on the three elevation gradients. The results from the simulation of the 10 models indicate that the Dalton model is more suitable for our study area compared with the other models, showing the best R2, root mean square error and percentage error values. Partial least squares regression analysis, coupled with an enhanced regression tree model, identified precipitation as the most critical factor, with a variable importance in projection score of 2.079, contributing 52.6% to evapotranspiration. Collectively, precipitation were identified as key factors influencing evapotranspiration variability within our research area. Our study's insights are valuable for anticipating the impacts of future climate change. This conclusion is instrumental for refining water budget projections in Alpine regions under climate change scenarios.
The synthesis of novel unnatural amino acid by intramolecular aza‐Michael addition reaction as multitarget enzyme inhibitors
Authors: Abul Nurgül , Tüzün Burak , Gülçin İlhami , Atmaca Ufuk 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSynthesis of novel unnatural amino acids (UAAs) from 4‐oxo‐4‐phenylbut‐2‐enoic acid derivatives with intramolecular aza‐Michael addition reaction in the presence of chlorosulfonyl isocyanate (CSI) was reported in soft conditions without any metal catalyst. Acids and base as a catalyst, and solvents effects were investigated for the synthesis of novel UAAs. This novel method provides inexpensive, practicable, and efficient approach to generate UAAs. The use of UAAs has attracted great interest in the development of therapeutic agents and drug discovery to improve their properties. In this context, in addition to the synthesis of new UAAs, their inhibition effects on important metabolic enzymes of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and carbonic anhydrases I and II (hCA I and II) enzymes were investigated. The compound 2g showed the best inhibition for CA I and AChE enzymes, while compound 2i exhibited the best inhibition profile against CA II isoenzyme. The inhibition values of these compounds were found as 1.85 ± 0.64 for AChE, 0.53 ± 0.07 for hCA I, 0.44 ± 0.15 µM for hCA II, respectively, and they showed a stronger inhibitory property than acetazolamide (standard inhibitor for hCA I and II) and tacrine (standard inhibitor for AChE) molecules. The activity of the studied molecule against different proteins that are hCA I (PDB ID: 2CAB), hCA II (PDB ID: 5AML), and AChE (PDB ID: 1OCE) was examined. Finally, the drug properties of the studied molecule were examined by performing absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity analysis.
A Narrative Review of Bedaquiline and Delamanid: New Arsenals Against Multidrug‐Resistant and Extensively Drug‐Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Ahmad Khosravi Nazanin , Sirous Mehrandokht , Khosravi Azar Dokht , Saki Morteza 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe treatment of multidrug‐resistant (MDR‐) and extensively drug‐resistant tuberculosis (XDR‐TB) is a formidable challenge. Treatment of MDR‐ and XDR‐TB using bedaquiline (BDQ) and delamanid (DLM), two newly introduced medications, is steadily increasing. This narrative review aimed to present a concise overview of the existing information regarding BDQ and DLM, and elucidate their antimicrobial characteristics, resistance mechanisms, synergism with other drugs, and side effects.MethodsTo collect the required information about the antimicrobial properties, a search for scientific evidence from the Scopus, PubMed, and Embase databases was performed, and all recently published articles up to May 2024 were considered.ResultsBDQ had potent antimicrobial effects on various types of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), including rapid‐growing and slow‐growing species, and MDR/XDR Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The mechanisms of BDQ resistance in M. tuberculosis primarily involve mutations in three genes: atpE, mmpR (Rv0678) and pepQ. BDQ may have synergistic effects when combined with DLM, pyrazinamide, and pretomanid/linezolid. BDQ has a low incidence of side effects. The use of BDQ may prolong the QTc interval. Similarly, DLM showed potent antimicrobial effects on NTM and MDR/XDR M. tuberculosis. The main resistance mechanisms to DLM are induced by mutations in fbiA, fbiB, fbiC, fgd1, and ddn genes. The DLM had synergistic effects with BDQ and moxifloxacin. The DLM also has few side effects in some patients including QTc prolongation.ConclusionBDQ and DLM are suitable antibiotics with few side effects for the treatment of MDR/XDR‐TB. These antibiotics have synergistic effects when combined with other antituberculosis drugs.
Motivators and barriers for studying podiatry in Australia and New Zealand: A mixed methods study
Authors: Kaminski Michelle R. , Whittaker Glen A. , Robinson Caroline , Cotchett Matthew , Ho Malia , Munteanu Shannon E. , Dollinger Mollie , Kazantzis Sia , Li Xia , Causby Ryan S. , Frecklington Mike , Walmsley Steven , Chuter Vivienne , Casey Sarah L. , Hugo Burke , Bonanno Daniel R. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundPodiatry enrolments at Australian and New Zealand universities have decreased by 17.3% since 2015, which threatens the profession's sustainability and the health and wellbeing of Australian and New Zealand people and communities. Reasons for this decline remain unclear due to insufficient evidence on factors influencing career choices. The overarching aim of this study was to identify motivators and barriers for studying podiatry in Australia and New Zealand.MethodsThis study used a convergent mixed methods design. Students enrolled in (i) podiatry and (ii) relevant non‐podiatry health, sport or science programs at nine Australian and one New Zealand university, were invited to participate in an online survey. First‐year podiatry students were also invited to participate in an online workshop. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and linear/logistic regression models. Three independent assessors used inductive thematic analysis for the qualitative data.ResultsOverall, 278 podiatry students (mean age 24.9 ± 8.5 years, 65.1% female) and 553 non‐podiatry students (mean age 24.8 ± 8.2 years, 75.4% female; 32.2% from physiotherapy and 29.1% from occupational therapy) responded to the survey. Interest in a health‐related career, wanting to make a difference to people's health, and opportunity to care for people from different backgrounds/age groups were key motivating factors among podiatry students. Barriers to studying podiatry were encountered by 28.1% of podiatry students. Thematic analysis identified seven themes concerning career choice, which are as follows: (i) awareness of profession and scope of practice; (ii) stereotypes and negative perceptions of the profession; (iii) awareness of career pathways; (iv) job prospects and earning potential; (v) working with people and building relationships; (vi) podiatry is not the first preference; and (vii) barriers which limit student enrolment.ConclusionsThere are a variety of factors that motivate and influence students to study podiatry, however, altruistic reasons are most highly rated. Allied health students have limited understanding of the scope of practice and career opportunities in podiatry. Additionally, the podiatry profession often faces negative stereotypes. Further work is required to reverse the negative stereotypes and perceptions of podiatry and build knowledge of the profession's scope of practice, career pathways/opportunities, job prospects and earning potential.
High‐risk screening for late‐onset Pompe disease in China: An expanded multicenter study
Authors: Jiao Kexin , Zhu Bochen , Chang Xueli , Guo Junhong , Fu Jun , Song Xueqin , Yu Xuen , Zhang Xiaoge , Dong Jihong , Yan Wang , Luan Xinghua , Wang Zhiqiang , Han Hong , Du Lijun , Yu Liqiang , Zhang Yali , Zhang Jingjing , Chen Yan , Hu Jing , Zhao Zhe , Kang Juan , Tan Song , Wang Zhiyun , Mao Shanshan , Qian Fangyuan , Luo Ronghua , Liu Changxia , Huang Zhengyu , Li Gang , Li Xia , Luo Lijun , Li Dong , Zhou Yuanlin , Hu Xiafei , Yu Xuefan , Shi Yongguang , Jiang Jianming , Zhang Jialong , Cheng Nachuan , Wang Ningning , Xia Xingyu , Yue Dongyue , Gao Mingshi , Xi Jianying , Luo Sushan , Lu Jiahong , Zhao Chongbo , Ke Qing , Ma Mingming , Zhu Wenhua 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLate‐onset Pompe disease (LOPD) is caused by a genetic deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme acid alpha‐glucosidase (GAA), leading to progressive limb‐girdle weakness and respiratory impairment. The insidious onset of non‐specific early symptoms often prohibits timely diagnosis. This study aimed to validate the high‐risk screening criteria for LOPD in the Chinese population. A total of 726 patients were included, including 96 patients under 14 years of age. Dried blood spots (DBS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) were employed to evaluate serum GAA activity. Forty‐four patients exhibited a decreased GAA activity, 16 (2.2%) of which were confirmed as LOPD by genetic testing. Three previously unreported GAA mutations were also identified. The median diagnostic delay was shortened to 3 years, which excelled the previous retrospective studies. At diagnosis, most patients exhibited impaired respiratory function and/or limb‐girdle weakness. Elevated serum creatine kinase (CK) levels were more frequently observed in patients who manifested before age 16. Overall, high‐risk screening is a feasible and efficient method to identify LOPD patients at an early stage. Patients over 1 year of age with either weakness in axial and/or proximal limb muscles, or unexplained respiratory distress shall be subject to GAA enzymatic test, while CK levels above 2 times the upper normal limit shall be an additional criterion for patients under 16. This modified high‐risk screening criteria for LOPD requires further validation in larger Chinese cohorts.
Predictive Value of Angle of Progression in Term Nulliparous Women
Authors: Xu Jing , Zhang Aohua , Zheng Zhijuan , Zhang Xinling 
Published: September 2024

ObjectivesThis study aims to explore the correlation between the angle of progression (AOP) and spontaneous vaginal delivery (SVD) for term nulliparous women before the onset of labor. Additionally, it evaluates the diagnostic efficacy of AOP in predicting SVD in term nulliparous women.MethodsIn this retrospective observational study, data from nulliparous women without contraindications for vaginal delivery, with a singleton pregnancy ≥37 weeks, and before the onset of labor were included. Transperineal ultrasound was performed to collect AOP. The date and mode of delivery were tracked, to assess the correlation between AOP and SVD in term nulliparous women. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of AOP in predicting SVD for term nulliparous women.ResultsThe SVD‐failure (SVD‐f) group exhibited a significantly lower AOP compared with the SVD group (88.43° vs 95.72°, P < .001). Logistic regression analysis revealed that AOP was associated with SVD in term nulliparous women (OR = 1.051). ROC curve analysis demonstrated that the area under the ROC curve with AOP 84° as the threshold was 0.663, with a sensitivity of 85.25% and specificity of 43.18%. Considering a sensitivity and specificity of 90%, the dual cut‐off values for term nulliparous women for SVD were 81° and 104°, respectively.ConclusionsA positive correlation was identified between AOP and SVD for nulliparous women after 37 weeks and before the onset of labor. Notably, term nulliparous women with AOP exceeding 104° exhibited a higher probability of SVD.
Addressing Responsivity‐Noise Trade‐Off by Van der Waals Multilayer Two‐Phase Heterojunction for Large LDR Organic Photodetectors
Authors: He Meiyu , Han Jiayue , Li Chunyu , Han Chao , Han Xingwei , Du Xiaoyang , Luo Hanwen , Yu He , Gou Jun , Wu Zhiming , Wang Jun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOne of the main challenges most organic photodiodes (OPDs) facing is to overcome the traditional trade‐off between ultralow dark current and high responsivity (R) in existing research. Here, van der Waals multilayer OPD based on water transfer printing method, termed hybrid bulk‐heterojunction (BHJ)/planar‐heterojunction (PHJ) (B‐PHJ) framework, is constructed making certain the high‐quality interface and novel two‐phase energy band alignment between the active and barrier layer with noise suppression and photovoltaic complement simultaneously. The prepared OPD exhibits the combined advantages of ultralow dark current (0.2 nA cm−2 at −1 V) and high responsivity (0.49 A W−1 at 850 nm). As a result, these superimposed effects enable the device to feature a superior liner dynamic range (LDR) of 210 dB and a specific detectivity of 1014 Jones to address the conventional responsivity‐noise trade‐off. The results reveal that the balance dynamics of charge transfer and charge blocking in van der Waals hybrid two‐phase framework OPD, may inspire the development of next OPDs. Finally, its diverse practical application potential is demonstrated through long‐distance misaligned photoplethysmography (PPG) measurement.
A new visual State Space Model for low‐dose CT denoising
Authors: Huang Jiexing , Zhong Anni , Wei Yajing 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundLow‐dose computed tomography (LDCT) can mitigate potential health risks to the public. However, the severe noise and artifacts in LDCT images can impede subsequent clinical diagnosis and analysis. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and Transformers stand out as the two most popular backbones in LDCT denoising. Nonetheless, CNNs suffer from a lack of long‐range modeling capabilities, while Transformers are hindered by high computational complexity.PurposeIn this study, our main goal is to develop a simple and efficient model that can both focus on local spatial context and model long‐range dependencies with linear computational complexity for LDCT denoising.MethodsIn this study, we make the first attempt to apply the State Space Model to LDCT denoising and propose a novel LDCT denoising model named Visual Mamba Encoder‐Decoder Network (ViMEDnet). To efficiently and effectively capture both the local and global features, we propose the Mixed State Space Module (MSSM), where the depth‐wise convolution, max‐pooling, and 2D Selective Scan Module (2DSSM) are coupled together through a partial channel splitting mechanism. 2DSSM is capable of capturing global information with linear computational complexity, while convolution and max‐pooling can effectively learn local signals to facilitate detail restoration. Furthermore, the network uses a weighted gradient‐sensitive hybrid loss function to facilitate the preservation of image details, improving the overall denoising performance.ResultsThe performance of our proposed ViMEDnet is compared to five state‐of‐the‐art LDCT denoising methods, including an iterative algorithm, two CNN‐based methods, and two Transformer‐based methods. The comparative experimental results demonstrate that the proposed ViMEDnet can achieve better visual quality and quantitative assessment outcomes. In visual evaluation, ViMEDnet effectively removes noise and artifacts, while exhibiting superior performance in restoring fine structures and low‐contrast structural edges, resulting in minimal deviation of denoised images from NDCT. In quantitative assessment, ViMEDnet obtains the lowest RMSE and the highest PSNR, SSIM, and FSIM scores, further substantiating the superiority of ViMEDnet.ConclusionsThe proposed ViMEDnet possesses excellent LDCT denoising performance and provides a new alternative to LDCT denoising models beyond the existing CNN and Transformer options.
Identifying biochemical changes in the kidney using proton nuclear magnetic resonance in an adenine diet chronic kidney disease mouse model
Authors: Humphries Tyrone L. R. , Gobe Glenda C. , Urquhart Aaron J. , Ellis Robert J. , Galloway Graham J. , Vesey David A. , Francis Ross S. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the metabolic changes in the kidneys in a murine adenine–diet model of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Kidney fibrosis is the common pathological manifestation across CKD aetiologies. Sustained inflammation and fibrosis cause changes in preferred energy metabolic pathways in the cells of the kidney. Kidney cortical tissue from mice receiving a control or adenine‐supplemented diet for 8 weeks (late inflammation and fibrosis) and 12 weeks (8 weeks of treatment followed by 4 weeks recovery) were analysed by 2D‐correlated nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and compared with histopathology and biomarkers of kidney damage. Tissue metabolite and lipid levels were assessed using the MestreNova software. Expression of genes related to inflammation, fibrosis, and metabolism were measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Animals showed indicators of severely impaired kidney function at 8 and 12 weeks. Significantly increased fibrosis was present at 8 weeks but not in the recovery group suggesting some reversal of fibrosis and amelioration of inflammation. At 8 weeks, metabolites associated with glycolysis were increased, while lipid signatures were decreased. Genes involved in fatty acid oxidation were decreased at 8 weeks but not 12 weeks while genes associated with glycolysis were significantly increased at 8 weeks but not at 12 weeks. In this murine model of CKD, kidney fibrosis was associated with the accumulation of triglyceride and free lactate. There was an up‐regulation of glycolytic enzymes and down‐regulation of lipolytic enzymes. These metabolic changes reflect the energy demands associated with progressive kidney disease where there is a switch from fatty acid oxidation to that of glycolysis.
The effectiveness of a modified Manchester Triage System for geriatric patients: A retrospective quantitative study
Authors: Li Baiyu , Zhang Zhufeng , Li Keye , Deng Yayin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimGeriatric patients are increasingly dominating the daily routine in emergency department (ED). The atypical clinical presentation of disease, multimorbidity, frailty and cognitive impairment of geriatric patients pose particular challenges for triage in the ED. Efficient and accurate emergency triage plays a key role in differentiating between geriatric patients who need timely treatment and those who can wait safely. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of the modified Manchester Triage System (mMTS) in classifying geriatric patients.DesignAn observational retrospective study.MethodsA retrospective study of 18,796 geriatric patients (≥65 years) attending the ED of a tertiary care hospital in Zhejiang province between 1 June 2020 and 30 June 2022. Baseline information on patients was collected and divided into two different study groups according to triage level: high priority (red/orange) and low priority (yellow/green). The sensitivity and specificity of the mMTS were estimated by verifying the triage classification received by the emergency geriatric patients and their survival at 7 days or the need for acute surgery within 72 h.ResultsThe study included a total of 17,764 geriatric patients with a median age of 72 years in ED. 10.7% (1896/17,764) of the geriatric patients were assigned to the high priority code group (red/orange) and 89.3% (15,868/17,764) were in the low priority code group (yellow/green). The sensitivity of the mMTS associated with death within 7 days was 85.7% (77.5–91.4), specificity was 89.8% (89.3–90.2), and accuracy was 89.8% (89.3–90.2). 1.8% of patients required surgery within 72 h. The sensitivity was 62.6% (57.0–67.9), specificity was 90.3% (89.8–90.7), and negative predictive value was 99.2% (99.0–99.4).ConclusionsThe mMTS has good specificity, accuracy and negative predictive value for geriatric patients. However, its incorrect prediction of triage in high‐priority code patients results in lower sensitivity, which may serve as a protective strategy for these individuals. The current emergency triage system does not completely screen geriatric patients with severe acute illness who present to the ED, and it is necessary to add comprehensive assessment tools that match the characteristics of geriatric patients to improve triage outcomes.
Error bound of the multilevel fast multipole method for 3‐D scattering problems
Authors: Meng Wenhui 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe multilevel fast multipole method (MLFMM) is widely used to accelerate the solutions of acoustic and electromagnetic scattering problems. In the expansions and translation operators of the MLFMM for 3‐D scattering problems, some special functions are used, including spherical Bessel functions, spherical harmonics and Wigner symbol. This makes it difficult to analyze the truncation errors. In this paper, we first give sharp bounds for the truncation errors of the expansions used in the MLFMM, then derive the overall error formula of the MLFMM and estimate its upper bound, the result is finally applied to the cube octree structure. Some numerical examples are performed to validate the proposed results. The method in this paper can also be used to the MLFMM for other 3‐D problems, such as potential problems, elastostatic problems, Stokes flow problems and so on.
Influence of impact loading on creep, damage and fracture of metals
Authors: Breslavsky Dmytro , Tatarinova Oksana , Altenbach Holm 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe approach to modeling the stress‐strain state during creep damage processes in long beams, which receives an impact loading on their surface, is presented. Both problems are solved by use of the finite element method (FEM). Stress distributions obtained in impact solution are further used as additional initial conditions in the analysis of the effect of impact loading on creep. The creep and damage accumulation in beams with isotropic and transversally isotropic creep properties were analyzed. The essential role of impact loading leading to plastic deformation in creep damage and fracture processes is demonstrated.