bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visuelle Analyse von retinalen OCT-Daten
Authors: Röhlig Martin , Jünemann Anselm , Fischer Dagmar-Christiane , Prakasam Ruby , Stachs Oliver , Schumann Heidrun 
Published: November 2017

ZusammenfassungDie optische Kohärenztomografie (OCT) als bildgebendes In-vivo-Verfahren eröffnet völlig neue Möglichkeiten bei der Diagnose von Netzhaut- und Sehnervenerkrankungen. Im Rahmen einer Patientenuntersuchung entstehen hochaufgelöste Volumendatensätze, die kleinste Veränderungen der Netzhaut, wie sie in einem sehr frühen Krankheitsstadium auftreten, erfassen können. Allerdings erschwert die Komplexität des Datenmaterials auch die Auswertung. Deshalb werden die Daten üblicherweise zunächst auf ein handhabbares Maß reduziert, wobei meist automatische, stark vereinfachende Methoden eingesetzt werden. Dies macht es schwer, wenn nicht sogar unmöglich, minimale strukturelle, gegebenenfalls auch lokale Veränderungen der Netzhaut zu extrahieren, um eine entsprechende Diagnose zu stellen. Unser Ziel ist es, die bisherigen etablierten Verfahren um visuell-interaktive Analysemethoden zu ergänzen. Damit soll sowohl eine patientenspezifische Selektion relevanter Daten als auch die Erkennung minimaler Netzhautveränderungen unterstützt werden. Je nach Fragestellung visualisieren wir die OCT-Daten aus unterschiedlichen Perspektiven. Anhand dieser Bilder kann gezielt eine individualisierte Datenselektion durchgeführt werden. Die relevanten Datenbereiche lassen sich dann im Kontext der gesamten Datenmenge hervorheben oder in separaten sogenannten Views anzeigen. So wird es möglich, relevante Substrukturen im Detail zu analysieren und mit Vergleichsdaten zu korrelieren. Insbesondere für Kohortenvergleiche und Vergleiche zwischen Individuen und einer Kontrollgruppe ergeben sich dadurch neue klinische und experimentelle Möglichkeiten. Wir belegen dies beispielhaft anhand einer Studie mit pädiatrischen Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus Typ 1 (T1DM). Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass durch die Einbindung von visuell-interaktiven Analysemethoden entscheidende Fortschritte hinsichtlich einer patientenspezifischen Diagnostik sowie zur Beurteilung von klinischen Studien möglich werden.
1.1.2 Types of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes
Authors: Segarra C. , Albrecht M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis chapter discusses the different types of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) and is organized according to ring size. The terminology for describing NHCs as normal or abnormal (mesoionic) and remote or nonremote is outlined. The pertinent properties of these different NHCs are compiled, in particular the 13C NMR spectroscopic and crystallographic parameters, as well as steric and electronic effects, which provides insights into the donor properties of the various classes of NHCs.
1.2.4 C—O, C—S, and C—B Bond Formation
Authors: Ronson T. O. , Fairlamb I. J. S. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis chapter describes the formation of C—O, C—S, and C—B bonds mediated by N-heterocyclic carbene based transition-metal catalysts. These reactions represent efficient and economical methods to prepare aryl ethers, phenols, sulfides (thioethers), aryl sulfoxides, and aryl boronates, all of which are important as synthetic intermediates or target compounds in natural product and materials chemistry. The transformations can be mediated by a range of metals including palladium, copper, nickel, and zinc, and the chapter is arranged accordingly.
1.4.1 Hydrogenation
Authors: Makida Y. , Kuwano R. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractFrom the viewpoint of atom economy and cost efficiency, hydrogenation is an ideal way to reduce various multiple bonds. In this chapter, some methods are described for the hydrogenation of alkenes, alkynes, carbonyls and related compounds, and (het)arenes using homogeneous metal–N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalysts. Moreover, this section also covers enantioselective hydrogenations in which chiral NHCs are employed as ligands.
1.4.2 Transfer Hydrogenation
Authors: Whittlesey M. K. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe chapter describes the use of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes of d-block metals for the transfer hydrogenation of C=O, C=C, C≡C, and C=N bonds, and nitro groups. Emphasis is placed on the most active metal–NHC combinations and those that incorporate valuable properties, including ease of use and inexpensive starting materials. The source of hydrogen is in most cases propan-2-ol, but formic acid/formate salts are also used.
1.4.5 Hydroamination
Authors: Payne P. R. , Gagné M. R. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractHydroamination, the addition of an N—H moiety across carbon–carbon unsaturation, is an attractive, atom-economical methodology for the synthesis of nitrogen-containing compounds. N-Heterocyclic and cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbenes have been applied as supporting ligands for the synthesis of catalysts capable of mediating both inter- and intramolecular (cyclization) reactions with alkynes, allenes, and activated alkenes.
1.4.7 Hydration
Authors: Biffis A. , Tubaro C. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe application of metal–N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes as catalysts for the addition of water to multiple bonds in organic substrates is reviewed. Protocols for general and efficient reactions of this kind under mild conditions have been developed, in particular with gold–NHC complexes as catalysts for the hydration of alkynes, which have raised the appeal of this methodology among synthetic organic chemists.
1.4.9 Chloroacylation and Chloroalkoxycarbonylation of Alkynes
Authors: Lastovickova D. N. , Teator A. J. , Bielawski C. W. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractTransition metal–N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes catalyze a broad range of chloroalkoxycarbonylation and chloroacylation reactions, while simultaneously suppressing undesirable side-reaction pathways. A rhodium–NHC complex facilitates the chloroalkoxycarbonylation of alkynes via the direct addition of chloroformates to give substituted 3-chloroacrylates. Similarly, an iridium–NHC complex enables the chloroacylation of alkynes with acid chlorides to generate β-chloro-α, β-unsaturated ketones. Both of the aforementioned transformations result in high product conversions and excellent degrees of regio- and stereoselectivity, with the Z-isomer often being observed as the major or only product. Iridium–NHC catalyzed chloroacylations are also utilized in the synthesis of 2,5-disubstituted furans from alkynes and acid chlorides.
2.5 Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Oxidations
Authors: Munz D. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe use of transition-metal complexes with N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands for oxidative catalysis is summarized in this chapter. Special attention is given to the applicability in organic synthesis and the comparison of results for different reaction conditions and catalyst types. The stoichiometric reactivity of NHC–transition-metal complexes (Ru, Co, Ir, Ni, Pd) with molecular oxygen and the stabilization of high-valent metal complexes with chelating ligands are discussed. The oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes and ketones, Wacker-type oxidation, aziridination and epoxidation of olefins, oxidative scission of alkenes to aldehydes, and oxidation of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons are addressed.
Leveraging word embeddings and medical entity extraction for biomedical dataset retrieval using unstructured texts
Authors: Wang Yanshan , Rastegar-Mojarad Majid , Komandur-Elayavilli Ravikumar , Liu Hongfang 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The recent movement towards open data in the biomedical domain has generated a large number of datasets that are publicly accessible. The Big Data to Knowledge data indexing project, biomedical and healthCAre Data Discovery Index Ecosystem (bioCADDIE), has gathered these datasets in a one-stop portal aiming at facilitating their reuse for accelerating scientific advances. However, as the number of biomedical datasets stored and indexed increases, it becomes more and more challenging to retrieve the relevant datasets according to researchers’ queries. In this article, we propose an information retrieval (IR) system to tackle this problem and implement it for the bioCADDIE Dataset Retrieval Challenge. The system leverages the unstructured texts of each dataset including the title and description for the dataset, and utilizes a state-of-the-art IR model, medical named entity extraction techniques, query expansion with deep learning-based word embeddings and a re-ranking strategy to enhance the retrieval performance. In empirical experiments, we compared the proposed system with 11 baseline systems using the bioCADDIE Dataset Retrieval Challenge datasets. The experimental results show that the proposed system outperforms other systems in terms of inference Average Precision and inference normalized Discounted Cumulative Gain, implying that the proposed system is a viable option for biomedical dataset retrieval.
Database URL: https://github.com/yanshanwang/biocaddie2016mayodata
Preventing Preeclampsia With Aspirin: Does Dose or Timing Matter?
Authors: Tong S. , Mol B.W. , Walker S.P. 
Published: November 2017

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2017;216(2):95–97)
This editorial addresses 2 meta-analyses on aspirin use to prevent preeclampsia. Published in the February 2017 issue of the American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, both focus on the clinical questions of the impact of aspirin dose and timing on preeclampsia. Roberge et al, the same team that published an influential meta-analysis in 2010 suggesting that starting aspirin ≤16 weeks’ gestation is very effective in preventing preeclampsia, published a new meta-analysis in this issue that examines the impact of the dose of aspirin and revisits the 16 weeks’ gestation threshold, updating their meta-analysis with 3 new trials. In this meta-analysis, Roberge et al found a dose-dependent effect where doses of 100 mg of aspirin seemed more effective than lower doses, although this dose-dependent relationship disappeared in studies that randomized women >16 weeks’ gestation.
Risk Factors for Complete Uterine Rupture
Authors: Al-Zirqi I. , Daltveit A.K. , Forsén L. , Stray-Pedersen B. , Vangen S. 
Published: November 2017

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2017;216(2):165.e1–165.e8)
Complete uterine rupture is a rare peripartum complication that is often associated with catastrophic outcomes for both mother and child. However, there is a lack of accurate knowledge about its risk factors, due in part to the small size and limited time interval of most previous studies, as well as the use of international coding that was unable to differentiate between complete and partial uterine rupture. Because a scarred uterus from previous cesarean delivery (CD) significantly increases the risk of uterine rupture—which means that complete uterine rupture is expected to increase as the rate of cesarean delivery increases—it is vitally important to gain more accurate knowledge of the risk factors for complete uterine rupture. The present population-based registry study sought to identify risk factors for complete uterine rupture during labor in a validated population in Norway that gave birth during the period of 1967 to 2008.
Review of Peripartum Hysterectomy Rates at a Tertiary Australian Hospital
Authors: Cheng H.C. , Pelecanos A. , Sekar R. 
Published: November 2017

(Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2016;56(6):614–618)
Peripartum hysterectomy is a surgical procedure performed in the event of catastrophic postpartum hemorrhage uncontrolled by other medical and surgical therapies. In the last 3 decades, the major indication for peripartum hysterectomy has been abnormal placentation, including placenta previa, accreta, increta, or percreta. A large body of evidence suggests that a history of cesarean section (CS) is significantly associated with abnormal placentation, which is especially troubling for the antenatal population of Queensland (QLD), Australia, as the CS rate is currently higher than the national average.
Obstetric and Neonatal Complications in Pregnancies Conceived after Oocyte Donation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Storgaard M. , Loft A. , Bergh C. , Wennerholm U.B. , Soderstrom-Anttila V. , Romundstad L.B. , Aittomaki K. , Oldereid N. , Forman J. , Pinborg A. 
Published: November 2017

(BJOG 2017;124:561–572)
There are over 50,000 oocyte donation (OD) treatments performed annually in the United State and Europe. OD pregnancies have been linked with increased risks of preeclampsia, low birth weight, preterm birth, and cesarean section. This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to determine if OD pregnancies are associated with higher incidences of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Obstetric complications and neonatal outcomes were compared between OD pregnancies and pregnancies conceived by other methods, including autologous in vitro fertilization (IVF), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), and spontaneous conception (SC).
Umbilical Lactate as a Measure of Acidosis and Predictor of Neonatal Risk: A Systematic Review
Authors: Allanson E.R. , Waqar T. , White C.R.H. , Tuncalp O. , Dickinson J.E. 
Published: November 2017

(BJOG 2017;124:584–594)
Testing for acidosis at all deliveries is advocated by some as an early and effective way to identify infants at risk for a range of adverse neonatal outcomes. A low umbilical artery potential of hydrogen (pH) has been associated with poor outcomes such as cerebral palsy, encephalopathy, and death. While acidosis is not the direct cause of these negative outcomes and most acidotic newborns suffer no adverse effects, knowledge of the presence of the acidosis may allow clinicians to alter their treatment in an attempt to improve outcomes.
Reduction of Severe Maternal Morbidity From Hemorrhage Using a State Perinatal Quality Collaborative
Authors: Main E.K. , Cape V. , Abreo A. , Vasher J. , Woods A. , Carpenter A. , Gould J.B. 
Published: November 2017

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2017;216(3):298.e1–298.e11)
While obstetric hemorrhage is the most common cause of maternal mortality in the world, it is also the most preventable cause of maternal mortality in the United States. The present study sought to determine whether a tool kit of best practices and implementation strategies for the care of a mother with hemorrhage developed by the California Maternal Quality Care Collective (CMQCC) can reduce severe maternal morbidity (SMM) from obstetric hemorrhage when scaled up to include more than 100 hospitals that collectively care for more than 250,000 births per year.
Emerging Nanomedicine Approaches in Obstetrics
Authors: Kannan R.M. , Kannan S. 
Published: November 2017

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2017;216(3):201–220)
While mortality and morbidity associated with preterm birth has decreased as a result of major advances over the past few decades, ∼1 million deaths are annually attributed to preterm birth. There is a need for therapies which stop preterm labor after uterine contractions begin, as the drugs currently used for this purpose have serious maternal or neonatal side effects. Ideally, these therapies would be localized and short-acting.
Trial of Labor After Cesarean Delivery for Pregnancies Complicated by Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Ganer Herman H. , Kogan Z. , Bar J. , Kovo M. 
Published: November 2017

(Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2017;138(1):84–88)
Trial of labor after cesarean (TOLAC) is often discouraged because of increased risk of adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. However, few studies have focused on TOLAC with a subgroup of women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), which is known to complicate pregnancies, for example increased risk of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. In the present study, authors assess rates of TOLAC and subsequent vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) among women with GDM and identify associated factors.
Neuraminidase Inhibitors During Pregnancy and Risk of Adverse Neonatal Outcomes and Congenital Malformations: Population-based European Register Study
Authors: Graner Sophie , Svensson Tobias , Beau Anna-Belle , Damase-Michel Christine , Engeland Anders , Furu Kari , Hviid Anders , Håberg Siri Eldevik , Mølgaard-Nielsen Ditte , Pasternak Björn , Kieler Helle 
Published: November 2017

(BMJ. 2017;356:j629)
Pregnant women are at increased risk of serious adverse effects from influenza. As a result, government agencies in the United States and Europe recommend neuraminidase inhibitors for the treatment of parturients with influenza as well as prophylaxis in pregnant women exposed to the virus. However, the safety of these drugs for the fetus has not been well established. As a result of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic there was a large increase in the number of pregnant women exposed to neuraminidase inhibitors. While previous observational studies have not found any connection between neuraminidase inhibitor use during pregnancy and adverse fetal or neonatal outcomes, including congenital anomalies, no randomized controlled study in parturients has been performed. This study looked at the risks of adverse birth outcomes associated with in utero exposure to 2 neuraminidase inhibitors: oseltamivir and zanamivir.
Efficacy and Safety of Carbetocin Given as an Intravenous Bolus Compared With Short Infusion for Caesarean Section: Double-blind, Double-dummy, Randomized Controlled Noninferiority Trial
Authors: Dell-Kuster S. , Hoesli I. , Lapaire O. , Seeberger E. , Steiner L.A. , Bucher H.C. , Girard T. 
Published: November 2017

(Br J Anaesth. 2017;118(5):772–780)
Uterotonic drugs, such as oxytocin, are given after cesarean section (CS) to help maintain uterine tone. It is recommended that these drugs be administered as a short, rapid infusion rather than a bolus, so as to minimize adverse side effects. However, there are no trial designs that show noninferiority of uterine tone using a slower mode of drug administration. Carbetocin is a synthetic oxytocin analogue with the same mechanism of action and side effects as oxytocin but with a longer half-life. The authors of the present study investigated the efficacy of a 100 mcg carbetocin dose on uterine contractility administered as a short, rapid infusion compared to a slow manual injection.
Electronic Fetal Monitoring and Cesarean Birth: A Scoping Review
Authors: Paterno M.T. , McElroy K. , Regan M. 
Published: November 2017

(Birth. 2016;43(4):277–284)
In the United States, cesarean delivery is performed in more than 32% of all births and is widely recognized to be an overused procedure. Efforts to decrease the cesarean delivery rate have been limited, however, by the inability to pinpoint the causes of overuse. Recently, electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) has been linked to increased cesarean delivery rates. For this paper, a review was conducted to summarize studies examining EFM in the low-risk pregnant population to determine its effect on cesarean birth.
A Comparison of Recommendations for Pharmacologic Thromboembolism Prophylaxis After Caesarean Delivery From 3 Major Guidelines
Authors: Palmerola K.L. , D’Alton M.E. , Brock C.O. , Friedman A.M. 
Published: November 2017

(BJOG. 2016;123:2157–2162)
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. Women undergoing cesarean delivery, especially those with other risk factors such as obesity, are considered at increased risk. Mechanical VTE prophylaxis with pneumatic compression devices is recommended for all women undergoing cesarean delivery. The use of postcesarean pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis, either unfractionated or low-molecular weight heparin, has been recommended in women with additional risk factors. However, the optimal clinical strategy for postcesarean pharmacologic prophylaxis is unclear, and the criteria for identifying patients who should receive this prophylaxis differ substantially among the recommendations provided by major medical societies. The aim of this cross-sectional analysis was to determine the impact these varying guidelines from the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG), the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), and the American College of Chest Physicians (Chest) would have on the rate of anticoagulation prophylaxis in women undergoing cesarean delivery at the authors’ academic medical center.
A Survey of Intravenous Remifentanil Use for Labor Analgesia at Academic Medical Centers in the United States
Authors: Aaronson J. , Abramovitz S. , Smiley R. , Tangel V. , Landau R. 
Published: November 2017

(Anesth Analg. 2017;124(4):1208–1210)
Currently, there is no standardized protocol regarding the optimal administration, dosing strategy, and maternal monitoring requirements of intravenous (IV) remifentanil for labor analgesia. As this drug has the potential to cause sedation, respiratory depression, oxygen desaturation, and more, it is essential that clear recommendations are established. The authors of the present study surveyed and evaluated current practices for IV remifentanil administration for labor analgesia across academic medical centers in the United States.
Total Spinal Anesthesia Failure: Have You Assessed the Sensory Anesthesia in Sacral Dermatomes?
Authors: de Sá Oliveira R.R. , Módolo M.P. , Mizubuti G.B. , Ho A.M.H. , de Barros G.A.M. , Muniz da Silva L. , Braz L.G. , Módolo N.S.P. , Day A.G. , Phelan R. , Navarro E Lima L.H. , Ganem E.M. 
Published: November 2017

(Anesth Analg. 2017;124(5):1674–1677)
Spinal anesthesia failure (SAF), which often results from intrathecal local anesthetic (LA) maldistribution, is sometimes managed with repeated spinal anesthesia (SA). In this brief report, the authors suggested that evaluation of sacral dermatomes before repeating SA can aid in the differentiation of total from partial SAFs, which in turn would lower the risks of neurotoxicity and safely guide subsequent anesthetic management.
Anesthetic and Obstetrical Factors Associated With the Effectiveness of Epidural Analgesia for Labor Pain Relief: An Observational Population-based Study
Authors: Bonnet M.P. , Prunet C. , Baillard C. , Kpéa L. , Blondel B. , Le Ray C. 
Published: November 2017

(Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2017;42(1):109–116)
Epidural analgesia is considered the gold standard for pain relief during labor due to its high rate of maternal satisfaction and minimal side effects for both mother and child. However, pain relief during labor is a complex issue and there continues to be efforts to improve epidural analgesia. Many factors can influence maternal satisfaction with their epidural labor analgesia, including the place of delivery, hospital staff behavior, adverse effects, efficacy, and the woman’s involvement in decision-making. This secondary analysis of a population-based study aimed to identify factors associated with successful epidural analgesia, considering both efficacy and maternal satisfaction.