bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monodromy Action on Unknotting Tunnels
in Fiber Surfaces
Authors: Banks Jessica , Rathbun Matt 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn a 2012 paper, the second author showed that a tunnel of a tunnel number one, fibered link in S3 can be isotoped to lie as a properly embedded arc in the fiber surface of the link. In this paper we observe that this is true for fibered links in any 3-manifold, we analyze how the arc behaves under the monodromy action, and we show that the tunnel arc is nearly clean, with the possible exception of twisting around the boundary of the fiber.
The Poincaré–Deligne Polynomial of Milnor Fibers of Triple Point Line Arrangements is Combinatorially Determined
Authors: Dimca Alexandru 
Published: January 2016

AbstractUsing a recent result by S. Papadima and A. Suciu, we show that the equivariant Poincaré– Deligne polynomial of the Milnor fiber of a projective line arrangement having only double and triple points is combinatorially determined.
Understanding the Relationship between Incentive Design and Participation in U.S. Workplace Wellness Programs
Authors: Batorsky Benjamin , Taylor Erin , Huang Crystal , Liu Hangsheng , Mattke Soeren 
Published: January 2016

Purpose. We aimed to understand how employer characteristics relate to the use of incentives to promote participation in wellness programs and to explore the relationship between incentive type and participation rates. Design. A cross-sectional analysis of nationally representative survey data combined with an administrative business database was employed. Settings/Subjects. Random sampling of U.S. companies within strata based on industry and number of employees was used to determine a final sample of 3000 companies. Of these, 19% returned completed surveys. Measures. The survey asked about employee participation rate, incentive type, and gender composition of employees. Incentive types included any incentives, high-value rewards, and rewards plus penalties. Analysis. Logistic regressions of incentive type on employer characteristics were used to determine what types of employers are more likely to offer which type of incentives. A generalized linear model of participation rate was used to determine the relationship between incentive type and participation. Results. Employers located in the Northeast were 5 to 10 times more likely to offer incentives. Employers with a large number of employees, particularly female employees, were up to 1.25 times more likely to use penalties. Penalty and high-value incentives were associated with participation rates of 68% and 52%, respectively. Conclusion. Industry or regional characteristics are likely determinants of incentive use for wellness programs. Penalties appear to be effective, but attention should be paid to what types of employees they affect.
"AN INJURY TO ONE IS AN INJURY TO ALL" ILWU Local 10 and the Fight against Apartheid
Authors: Cole Peter 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
This article recovers the valuable role of perhaps the most important union in the U.S. anti-apartheid struggle, the San Francisco Bay Area’s Local 10 of the International Longshore and Warehouse Union (ILWU). The ILWU first criticized apartheid in 1948 and most dramatically demonstrated its longtime commitment to democratic racial equality in South Africa through its refusal to unload South African cargo for eleven days in 1984. This case study documents and analyzes how rank-and-file longshore workers, Black and white, consciously linked domestic and international struggles for racial equality and working-class power. Generally, the history of the U.S. anti-apartheid struggle has neglected labor’s role, but Local 10’s actions demonstrate why unions demand inclusion in this historiography.
Interview with Gwendolyn M. Patton
Authors: Benson II Richard D. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Student and civil rights worker Gwendolyn Patton tells the story of her activist life in this excerpted interview with Richard D. Benson II conducted on June 23, 2014, in Montgomery, Alabama. Patton reflects on her early involvement with the Montgomery bus boycott, development as a student leader at Tuskegee Institute, and formation of the National Association of Black Students.
Real-time imaging of moving living objects using a compact terahertz scanner
Authors: Han Sang-Pil , Kim Namje , Lee Won-Hui , Lee Eui Su , Ko Hyunsung , Lee Il-Min , Moon Kiwon , Lee Dong Hun , Park Kyung Hyun 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
In this study, we design a compact terahertz (THz) reflection scanner with a scan rate of 20 frames/s. This scanner is based on a benzocyclobutene-embedded InGaAs Schottky barrier diode detector having a maximum responsivity of 300 V/W at 250 GHz and a minimum noise equivalent power of 38 pW/

. With this scanner, details such as sharp head and tail and wrinkled segments in a moving caterpillar are observed. The thin and thick parts of the moving caterpillar that are presented in light gray and dark gray, respectively, on the gray scale are also well distinguished.
Optical characteristics of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) thin film prepared by a vacuum evaporation
Authors: Ohnishi Yasutaka , Kita Rio , Tsuchiya Kazuyoshi , Iwamori Satoru 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) thin films were deposited onto a glass slide substrate by a heat-resistance type vacuum evaporation apparatus due to changing the evaporation conditions. Transparency of the PTFE thin films prepared by the vacuum evaporation depended on the deposition conditions, i.e., temperatures of the basket, and distance between the evaporation source and substrate. To elucidate relationship between the molecular structure and transparency of the PTFE thin film prepared by the vacuum evaporation, chemical structures, crystallinity and thermophysical property were investigated. The chemical bonding state of the PTFE thin film prepared by the vacuum evaporation was almost the same as that of the pristine PTFE, however, the crystalinity was different. Although the pristine PTFE was crystal structure, the transparent evaporated thin film was estimated to be microcrystal structure. In addition, endothermic peaks in a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) spectrum of the PTFE thin film were different from that of the pristine PTFE. These endothermic peaks of the PTFE thin film prepared by the vacuum evaporation shifted lower temperature compared to the pristine PTFE, which suggests that molecular weight of the PTFE thin film prepared by the vacuum evaporation decreased compared with that of the pristine PTFE.
Simultaneous, Single‐Cell Measurement of Messenger RNA, Cell Surface Proteins, and Intracellular Proteins
Authors: Soh Kah Teong , Tario Joseph D. , Colligan Sean , Maguire Orla , Pan Dalin , Minderman Hans , Wallace Paul K. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractNucleic acid content can be quantified by flow cytometry through the use of intercalating compounds; however, measuring the presence of specific sequences has hitherto been difficult to achieve by this methodology. The primary obstacle to detecting discrete nucleic acid sequences by flow cytometry is their low quantity and the presence of high background signals, rendering the detection of hybridized fluorescent probes challenging. Amplification of nucleic acid sequences by molecular techniques such as in situ PCR have been applied to single‐cell suspensions, but these approaches have not been easily adapted to conventional flow cytometry. An alternative strategy implements a Branched DNA technique, comprising target‐specific probes and sequentially hybridized amplification reagents, resulting in a theoretical 8,000‐ to 16,000‐fold increase in fluorescence signal amplification. The Branched DNA technique allows for the quantification of native and unmanipulated mRNA content with increased signal detection and reduced background. This procedure utilizes gentle fixation steps with low hybridization temperatures, leaving the assayed cells intact to permit their concomitant immunophenotyping. This technology has the potential to advance scientific discovery by correlating potentially small quantities of mRNA with many biological measurements at the single‐cell level. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Integrating solar energy and climate research into science education
Authors: Betts Alan K. , Hamilton James , Ligon Sam , Mahar Ann Marie 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis paper analyzes multi‐year records of solar flux and climate data from two solar power sites in Vermont. We show the inter‐annual differences of temperature, wind, panel solar flux, electrical power production, and cloud cover. Power production has a linear relation to a dimensionless measure of the transmission of sunlight through the cloud field. The difference between panel and air temperatures reaches 24°C with high solar flux and low wind speed. High panel temperatures that occur in summer with low wind speeds and clear skies can reduce power production by as much as 13%. The intercomparison of two sites 63 km apart shows that while temperature is highly correlated on daily (R2=0.98) and hourly (R2=0.94) timescales, the correlation of panel solar flux drops markedly from daily (R2=0.86) to hourly (R2=0.63) timescales. Minimum temperatures change little with cloud cover, but the diurnal temperature range shows a nearly linear increase with falling cloud cover to 16°C under nearly clear skies, similar to results from the Canadian Prairies. The availability of these new solar and climate datasets allows local student groups, a Rutland High School team here, to explore the coupled relationships between climate, clouds, and renewable power production. As our society makes major changes in our energy infrastructure in response to climate change, it is important that we accelerate the technical education of high school students using real‐world data.
Joint inversion of receiver functions and surface waves with enhanced preconditioning on densely distributed CNDSN stations: Crustal and upper mantle structure beneath China
Authors: Chen Youlin , Niu Fenglin 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWe present shear wave velocity structure beneath China by joint modeling of teleseismic receiver function and Rayleigh wave group velocity dispersion data observed at +1000 permanent broadband seismic stations in the Chinese National Digital Seismic Network (CNDSN). A ray‐parameter‐based stacking method is employed to minimize artifacts in stacking receiver functions from different sources. The Rayleigh wave dispersion curve is extracted from group velocity tomographic models at all applicable periods. Enhanced preconditions are applied on the linearized iterative inversion to regularize and balance multiple types of data. The velocity profile inversion at each station starts from an initial model derived from sediments, crustal thickness, Vp/Vs ratio and Pn/Sn models. This multistep approach not only reduces uncertainty and nonuniqueness of the velocity inversion but also efficiently fills information gap in each data set. We then generate a 3‐D S velocity model by combining and smoothing all the 1‐D models. The obtained 3‐D model reveals crustal and upper mantle velocity structures that are well correlated with tectonic features of China, for example, our model shows a clear east‐west bimodal distribution at 35 km deep, low velocity in the crust beneath central and eastern Tibetan plateau, and sedimentary structure in major cratons and basins. Our model is consistent with existing tomographic models in large scale but provides more structural details in regional and local scales.
Why do summer droughts in the Southern Great Plains occur in some La Niña years but not others?
Authors: Pu Bing , Fu Rong , Dickinson Robert E. , Fernando D. Nelun 
Published: January 2016

AbstractDroughts in the Southern Great Plains (SGP) have been attributed to the cold phase of El Niño–Southern Oscillation or La Niña. While La Niña events have been clearly linked to winter droughts, their link to summer droughts has remained unclear. We analyze the difference in precipitation between dry and nondry summers over the SGP during La Niña years. Anomalously high geopotential height and subsidence over the SGP occur in spring, along with an intensified northward moisture flux that advects moisture away to the northern plains and Midwest. The dependence of SGP drought on La Niña is statistically significant only in winter and becomes insignificant in spring and summer. The drought development in La Niña years is related to an anomalous warming over the tropical North Atlantic in spring and an anomalous negative North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) in summer, both of which suppress precipitation by strengthening the anomalous high over the SGP and displacing the subtropical jet streams. In years with relatively large precipitation anomalies (i.e., the 27% driest and wettest La Niña years over the SGP), up to 45% of the variances of summer precipitation can be explained by a linear combination of the Niño 3.4 sea surface temperature (SST), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), tropical North Atlantic SST, and NAO indices. An anomalously strong dry summer appears to be largely a result of a superposition of these factors.
Bioorthogonal Chemical Reporters for Selective In Situ Probing of Mycomembrane Components in Mycobacteria
Authors: Foley Hannah N. , Stewart Jessica A. , Kavunja Herbert W. , Rundell Sarah R. , Swarts Benjamin M. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe global pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other species in the suborder Corynebacterineae possess a distinctive outer membrane called the mycomembrane (MM). The MM is composed of mycolic acids, which are either covalently linked to an underlying arabinogalactan layer or incorporated into trehalose glycolipids that associate with the MM non‐covalently. These structures are generated through a process called mycolylation, which is central to mycobacterial physiology and pathogenesis and is an important target for tuberculosis drug development. Current approaches to investigating mycolylation rely on arduous analytical methods that occur outside the context of a whole cell. Herein, we describe mycobacteria‐specific chemical reporters that can selectively probe either covalent arabinogalactan mycolates or non‐covalent trehalose mycolates in live mycobacteria. These probes, in conjunction with bioorthogonal chemistry, enable selective in situ detection of the major MM components.
Reversible Control by Light of the High‐Spin Low‐Spin Elastic Interface inside the Bistable Region of a Robust Spin‐Transition Single Crystal
Authors: Sy Mouhamadou , Garrot Damien , Slimani Ahmed , Páez‐Espejo Miguel , Varret François , Boukheddaden Kamel 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBy using a weak modulated laser intensity we have succeeded in reversibly controlling the dynamics of the spin‐crossover (SC) single crystal [{Fe(NCSe)(py)2}2(m‐bpypz)] inside the thermal hysteresis. The experiment could be repeated several times with a reproducible response of the high‐spin low‐spin interface and without crystal damage. In‐depth investigations as a function of the amplitude and frequency of the excitation brought to light the existence of a cut‐off frequency ca. 1.5 Hz. The results not only document the applicability of SC materials as actuators, memory devices, or switches, but also open a new avenue for the reversible photo‐control of the spin transition inside the thermal hysteresis.
Synthesis of Iron Nanometallic Glasses and Their Application in Cancer Therapy by a Localized Fenton Reaction
Authors: Zhang Chen , Bu Wenbo , Ni Dalong , Zhang Shenjian , Li Qing , Yao Zhenwei , Zhang Jiawen , Yao Heliang , Wang Zheng , Shi Jianlin 
Published: January 2016

AbstractMetallic glasses and cancer theranostics are emerging fields that do not seem to be related to each other. Herein, we report the facile synthesis of amorphous iron nanoparticles (AFeNPs) and their superior physicochemical properties compared to their crystalline counterpart, iron nanocrystals (FeNCs). The AFeNPs can be used for cancer theranostics by inducing a Fenton reaction in the tumor by taking advantage of the mild acidity and the overproduced H2O2 in a tumor microenvironment: Ionization of the AFeNPs enables on‐demand ferrous ion release in the tumor, and subsequent H2O2 disproportionation leads to efficient .OH generation. The endogenous stimuli‐responsive .OH generation in the presence AFeNPs enables a highly specific cancer therapy without the need for external energy input.
Catalytic Kinetics of Different Types of Surface Atoms on Shaped Pd Nanocrystals
Authors: Chen Tao , Chen Sheng , Zhang Yuwei , Qi Yifeng , Zhao Yuzhou , Xu Weilin , Zeng Jie 
Published: January 2016

AbstractTo understand the catalytic properties or roles of different types of surface atoms on metal nanocatalysts, the catalytic kinetics and dynamics of the different types of surface atoms (plane and edge) were revealed for the first time by a statistical quantitative deconvolution of observables obtained from traditional single‐molecule nanocatalysis of Pd nanocrystals.It was found that the edge and plane of Pd nanocubes show similar size‐dependent product formation processes, but inverse product dissociation processes. This work helps push the traditional single‐molecule nanocatalysis method towards the sub‐particle level.
Contribution of α‐smooth muscle actin and extracellular matrix to the in vitro reorganization of cardiomyocyte contractile system
Authors: Bildyug Natalya , Bozhokina Ekaterina , Khaitlina Sofia 
Published: January 2016

AbstractCardiomyocytes in culture undergo reversible rearrangement of their contractile apparatus with the conversion of typical myofibrils into the structures of non‐muscle type and the loss of contractility. Along with these transformations, the cardiomyocytes gain the capacity to synthesize extracellular matrix. Here we show that during cultivation of rat neonatal cardiomyocytes, the inherent α‐cardiac actin isoform is transiently replaced by α‐smooth‐muscle actin, whose expression is accompanied by transformation of myofibrils into stress‐fiber‐like structures. The following down‐regulation of α‐smooth muscle actin parallels restoration of myofibrillar system and correlates with the accumulation of extracellular collagen and laminin, initially missing from the cardiomyocytes culture.
A biofidelic computational model of the female pelvic system to understand effect of bladder fill and progressive vaginal tissue stiffening due to prolapse on anterior vaginal wall
Authors: Chanda Arnab , Unnikrishnan Vinu , Richter Holly E. , Lockhart Mark E. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryTreatment of anterior vaginal prolapse (AVP), suffered by over 500,000 women in the USA, is a challenge in urogynecology because of the poorly understood mechanics of AVP. Recently, computational modeling combined with finite element method has been used to model AVP through the study of pelvic floor muscle and connective tissue impairments on the anterior vaginal wall (AVW). Also, the effects of pelvic organ displacements on the AVW were studied numerically. In our current work, an MRI‐based full‐scale biofidelic computational model of the female pelvic system composed of the urinary bladder, vaginal canal, and the uterus was developed, and a novel finite element method framework was employed to simulate vaginal tissue stiffening and also bladder filling due to expansion for the first time. A mesh convergence study was conducted to choose a computationally efficient mesh, and a non‐linear hyperelastic Yeoh's material model was adopted for the study. The AVW displacements, mechanical stresses, and strains were estimated at varying degrees of bladder fills and vaginal tissue stiffening. Both bladder filling and vaginal stiffening were found to increase the stress concentration on the AVW with varying trends, which have been discussed in detail in the paper. To our knowledge, this study is the first to estimate the individual and combined effects of bladder filling and vaginal tissue stiffening due to prolapse on the AVW. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Source of Cooperativity in Halogen‐Bonded Haloamine Tetramers
Authors: Dominikowska Justyna , Bickelhaupt F. Matthias , Palusiak Marcin , Fonseca Guerra Célia 
Published: January 2016

AbstractInspired by the isostructural motif in α‐bromoacetophenone oxime crystals, we investigated halogen–halogen bonding in haloamine quartets. Our Kohn–Sham molecular orbital and energy decomposition analysis reveal a synergy that can be traced to a charge‐transfer interaction in the halogen‐bonded tetramers. The halogen lone‐pair orbital on one monomer donates electrons into the unoccupied σ*N−X orbital on the perpendicular N−X bond of the neighboring monomer. This interaction has local σ symmetry. Interestingly, we discovered a second, somewhat weaker donor–acceptor interaction of local π symmetry, which partially counteracts the aforementioned regular σ‐symmetric halogen‐bonding orbital interaction. The halogen–halogen interaction in haloamines is the first known example of a halogen bond in which back donation takes place. We also find that this cooperativity in halogen bonds results from the reduction of the donor–acceptor orbital‐energy gap that occurs every time a monomer is added to the aggregate.
Lamellar Peptide–Cadmium‐Doped Zinc Oxide Nanohybrids That Emit White Light
Authors: Manna Manoj K. , Aaryashree  , Verma Shruti , Mukherjee Shaibal , Das Apurba K. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA variety of hybrid nanostructures have been developed that emit white light. Two different white‐light‐emitting systems are reported. These are cadmium‐doped zinc oxide nanosheets and complex lamellar nanostructures that consist of alternating inorganic cadmium‐doped zinc oxide domains with the self‐assembled aromatic‐capped peptide BPI‐FF‐OH (BPI: benzo[ghi]perylene monoimide, F: d‐phenylalanine). An electrochemical method is employed to synthesize cadmium‐doped zinc oxide nanosheets and lamellar organic/cadmium‐doped zinc oxide nanoflakes on a gallium‐doped ZnO/p‐Si (111) substrate. External structural features and internal structural ordering of wurtzite cadmium‐doped zinc oxide and lamellar organic/cadmium‐doped zinc oxide nanohybrids are characterized by small‐angle X‐ray scattering, XRD, field‐emission SEM, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, secondary‐ion mass spectrometry, ellipsometry, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Cadmium‐doped zinc oxide nanosheets and lamellar organic/cadmium‐doped zinc oxide hybrids emit white light with a broad emission covering the visible spectrum from λ=415 to 700 nm. Characteristic white‐light emissions of both materials were well characterized by photoluminescence studies. The white‐light luminescence is attributed to cadmium doping in the zinc oxide crystal and the presence of the dipeptide‐functionalized BPI fluorophore in the lamellar nanohybrid.