bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular phylogenetics and floral evolution in the sarracenioid clade (Actinidiaceae, Roridulaceae and Sarraceniaceae) of Ericales
Authors: Löfstrand Stefan D. , Schönenberger Jürg 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe sarracenioid families (Actinidiaceae, Roridulaceae, Sarraceniaceae) were rarely affiliated with other ericalean taxa in pre‐molecular classifications and have seldom been considered closely related to each other. In molecular phylogenetic studies, the sarracenioids form a strongly supported clade and are sister to the ericoid clade (Clethraceae, Cyrillaceae, Ericaceae); the sarracenioids and ericoids together make up core Ericales. To date, no phylogenetic study has included all sarracenioid genera (Actinidia, Clematoclethra and Saurauia in Actinidiaceae; Roridula in Roridulaceae; Darlingtonia, Heliamphora and Sarracenia in Sarraceniaceae). In particular, the monophyly of Saurauia has not previously been tested using molecular characters. We shed light on the phylogenetic relationships within the sarracenioid clade and, based on ancestral state reconstructions, test floral characters previously suggested as potential synapomorphies for the sarracenioids and ericoids. Phylogenetic analysis was performed for the DNA regions ITS, rbcL, rpl32‐trnL, trnK and trnL‐F using RAxML, MrBayes and PAUP*. Our results support the monophyly of the sarracenioid clade as well as of all its families and non‐monotypic genera. Two distinct geographical lineages are identified in Saurauia; the two lineages are characterised by differences in petal union (choripetaly versus sympetaly), style union (free versus partially united), gynoecium merism and base chromosome numbers. Our analyses identify the following floral characters as synapomorphic for core Ericales: adaxial anther attachment, anther inversion and a depression at the ovary‐to‐style transition. Proximally thick to massive petals, the presence of a nucellar hypostase in ovules and polystemony are synapomorphies of the sarracenioid clade. The presence of calcium oxalate raphides, mucilage cells, a secretory inner gynoecium surface and the absence of synlateral vasculature in the ovary are synapomorphies of the Actinidiaceae‐Roridulaceae clade. A two‐whorled androecium is a synapomorphy of the ericoid clade.
Cycles in Jacobians: infinitesimal results
Authors: Raviolo Emanuele 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Let C be a generic smooth curve of genus g ≥ 4.We study the normal functions and the infinitesimal invariants associated to Ceresa cycles Wk − W−
k , k = 2, . . . , g − 2. We show how they can be obtained from the normal function associated to the basic cycle C − C− and, for k = 2, we also explicitly determine the zero locus of the infinitesimal invariant. If C is general hyperelliptic of genus g = 3, we define the K-theoretic counterpart of W2 − W−
2 , generalizing a construction of A. Collino, and we prove that it is indecomposable.
The OAE1a in Cuchía (Early Aptian, Spain): C and O geochemistry and global correlation
Authors: García-Mondéjar Joaquín , Fernández-Mendiola Pedro A. , Owen Hugh G. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
C-isotopes, TOC and O geochemical data from the lower Aptian Cuchía section in the western Basque-Cantabrian basin (BCB) allow an accurate delimitation of the OAE1a-equivalent and its geochemical Menegatti´s segments, a detailed δ13Ccarb correlation with regional and interregional sections, and a high-resolution construction of TOC and bulk-rock δ18Ocarb curves and their interpretation. The δ13Ccarb values range from -2‰ and +4‰ (VPDB). They agree with previous data from the eastern BCB sections (Aralar) confirming the ammonite age of the OAE1a in the Basque-Cantabrian basin: Deshayesites forbesi, Deshayesites deshayesi, and Deshayesites deshayesi-Dufrenoyia furcata transition Zones. Interregional δ13Ccarb correlation with pelagic (Cismon, Italy, and Mid-Pacific Mountains, DSDP Site 463) and neritic (Roquefort-La Bédoule, France) core sections, reveals a common profile of a wide negative excursion characteristic of the OAE1a. It consists of a double trough separated by a flat relative maximum, with two negative spikes in the upper trough of neritic sections. TOC absolute values range from 0.12% to 1.37%. Segments of the TOC curve with persistent low values closely correspond with descending segments of the δ13Ccarb curve, and are attributed to lesser organic productivity in the BCB. Detailed bulk-rock δ18Ocarb data (-5.71‰ to -1.05 ‰ PDB) and variation curve show two main positive O-isotope shifts and three minor positive inflections, within a general negative trend characteristic of the OAE1a. The two major positive shifts correspond to both shallowing upwards sequences and the lowermost can be related to a eustatic sea level fall. Independent interregional correlation of the O-isotope shifts with C-isotopes supports their interpretation as punctuating colder events within a general warming trend.
Do Tillage Methods Affect Germination and Species Similarity of Soil Weed Seeds Bank?
Authors: Shahgholi Hassan , Makarian Hassan , Shokati Behzad , Talaei Ghassem Hossein , Asgharipour Mohammad Reza 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Cultural practices such as tillage used for crop production influence the composition of the weed seed bank in the soil. In order to investigate the effects of different tillage methods on seed bank properties, species diversity and similarity, two laboratory and greenhouse experiments were carried out as randomized complete block design with four replications in 2011. Treatments included: once tillage per year (T1), twice tillage per year (T2), more than twice tillage (T3) and no tillage (T4). Laboratory results showed that the T3 and T4 treatments had the highest and the lowest observed seeds numbers, respectively. Between the laboratory observed weed seeds, the maximum weed seed numbers were Echinochloa crus-galli and Amaranthus retroflexus in the T3 treatment, while Chenopodium album, Polygonum aviculare and Cuscuta campestris had the highest seed numbers in the T2 treatment. At the greenhouse study, Chenopodium album, Amaranthus retroflexus and Hordeum morinum in the T2 treatment were dominant species. The highest diversity was observed in the T2 treatment, and Chenopodium album and Echinochloa crus-galli were dominant species in the T2 and T3 treatments. Maximum species similarity index was achieved from the T1 and T3 treatments. Thereby this study concluded that increasing of tillage number could affect the similarity index of weed seeds and subsequently alters the weed community composition.
Vacuum Fluctuation in 2 × 13 Herringbone Milking Parlour in Dependence on Vacuum Control Method
Authors: Fryč Jiří , Los Josef , Kukla Radovan , Kudělka Jan 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Vacuum fluctuation was measured using three different vacuum control methods. Firstly, the use was made of a control valve delivered by the manufacturer; then, an additionally installed frequency converter was used. Lastly, a frequency converter fitted with the stabilisation device prototype was used. First, control sensitivity according to ISO was measured in all the three alternatives. Then, vacuum fluctuation during milking was measured. To conduct the measurements under objectively identified conditions, another measurement was conducted with air feed during milking being replaced with a precisely defined variable flow rate. The conducted measurement confirmed the fact that when the frequency converter is used, vacuum fluctuation in stabilised condition is at the same level as when the control valve is used. If there are sudden changes in flow rate and the frequency converter is used, vacuum fluctuation increases. The proposed stabilisation device prototype can reduce the fluctuation in small milking plant but it is not suitable in large milking parlours.
Acoustic Emission with Testing the Pressure Resistance and Structural Integrity in Mineral Feeds
Authors: Začal Jaroslav , Dostál Petr , Šustr Michal 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
This work deals with a specific method of non-destructive testing - acoustic emission. The theoretical part of the article is focused on the underlying principle of this method and its applicability. The experimental part is focused on the research of pressure resistance in mineral feed using acoustic emission. Mineral feed is a condensed cube of rock salt (sodium chloride) with supplementary minerals, which is fed to livestock and game to supply the mineral elements necessary for their health and condition. Acoustic emission gives the overview of internal changes in material structure. With use of specific software we can interpret the acoustic signal and identify the current state of material integrity in real time.
Evaluation of experimental designs in durum wheat trials
Authors: Katsileros Anastasios , Koukouvinos Christos 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Variability among experimental plots may be a relevant problem in field genotype experiments, especially when a large number of entries are involved. Four field trials on 24 durum wheat genotypes were conducted in 2013/14 in order to evaluate the efficiency of Incomplete Block, Alpha and Augmented designs in comparison with the traditional Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The results showed that the RCBD can be replaced by an Alpha design, which provides better control of variability among the experimental units when the number of treatments to be tested in an experiment exceeds twenty. The ranking of the genotypes across the four designs was not constant.
Plug-in direct particle swarm repetitive controller with a reduced dimensionality of a fitness landscape – a multi-swarm approach
Authors: Ufnalski B. , Grzesiak L.M. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The paper describes a modification to the recently developed plug-in direct particle swarm repetitive controller (PDPSRC) for the sine-wave constant-amplitude constant-frequency (CACF) voltage-source inverter (VSI). The original PDPSRC algorithm assumes that the particle swarm optimizer (PSO) takes into account a performance index defined over the whole reference signal period. Each particle stores all the samples of the control signal, e.g. α = 200 samples for a controller working at 10 kHz and the reference frequency equal to 50 Hz. Therefore, the fitness landscape (i.e. the performance index) is -dimensional ( D), which makes optimization challenging. That solution can be categorized as the single-swarm one. It has been previously shown that the swarm controller does not suffer from long-term stability issues encountered in the classic iterative learning controllers (ILC). However, the convergence of the swarm has to be kept at a relatively low rate to enable successful exploitation in the D search space, which in turn results in slow responsiveness of the PDPSRC. Here a multi-swarm approach is proposed in which we divide a dynamic optimization problem (DOP) among less dimensional swarms. The reference signal period is segmented into shorter intervals and the control signal is optimized in each interval independently by separate swarms. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is illustrated with the help of numerical experiments on the CACF VSI with an output LC filter operating under nonlinear loads.
Posturographic methods for body posture symmetry assessment
Authors: Łukaszewicz T. , Kania D. , Kidoń Z. , Pethe-Kania K. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The article presents a number of posturographic methods enabling objective postural symmetry assessment in patients undergoing rehabilitation after total hip replacement surgery. The key goal of such rehabilitation is fast restoration of a proper body weight distribution. The postural symmetry measures proposed in the article enable generalized quantification of the CoP (Center of Pressure) trajectories measured during standard static posturography diagnostics and the so-called follow-up posturography examination. The follow-up posturography is a relatively new but promising method of physical rehabilitation. All of the herein discussed posturographic measures have been designed specifically to quantify postural symmetry either in a standing and relaxed upright position, in the absence of any deterministic external stimulation (static posturography) or in the presence of a visual biofeedback stimulation enforcing the coordinated slow swaying movements of the body (the follow-up posturography). The experimental results presented in this paper constitute the outcome of the long-term cooperation between the Institute of Electronics of the Silesian University of Technology and the Silesian Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Hospital. The usefulness of the proposed postural symmetry measures has been verified in a series of clinical trials carried out in a selected group of patients undergoing rehabilitation after total hip replacement surgery.
Robust stability of positive linear time delay systems under time-varying perturbations
Authors: Ngoc P.H.A. , Tinh C.T. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
By a novel approach, we get explicit robust stability bounds for positive linear time-invariant time delay differential systems subject to time-varying structured perturbations or non-linear time-varying perturbations. Some examples are given to illustrate the obtained results. To the best of our knowledge, the results of this paper are new.
Adaptive, compensating control of wheel slip in railway vehicles
Authors: Kabziński J. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The problem of slip stabilization and tracking in railway vehicle applications is considered. A nonlinear adaptive control compensating for unknown disturbance in motion dynamics such as: friction, contact force variations and air resistance is proposed. The control is based on approximate models with adaptive parameters. The stability of several control algorithms is proven and performance of the derived controllers is investigated. The proposed controllers are evaluated in numerical simulations and by DSP application to slip control in a friction gear driven by a permanent magnet synchronous motor.
Miniature size multiband planar patch antenna fabricated on a bioplastic substrate
Authors: Ahsan M.R. , Islam M.T. , Habib Ullah M. , Arshad H. , Ali M.T. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
In this article, a simple design of rectangular microstrip feed planar antenna with wide arcs and square shape slot is proposed for Radio Frequency Identification (RFID),Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) and C/X-band wireless communications. The prototype of the antenna has been fabricated 1.0 mm thick ceramic filled bioplastic substrate by using optimal dimension obtained from design/simulations and antenna performances are experimentally tested. The experimental results confirm the impedance bandwidths for S11 ≤ −10 dB are of 712 MHz (0.355-1.067 GHz), 1.38 GHz (2.92-4.3 GHz) and 2.46 GHz (6.55-9.01 GHz) for 0.788, 3.34 and 8.01 GHz band respectively. The proposed antenna shows almost steady and symmetrical radiation patterns for all three bands with the maximum gains of 1.37, 2.8 and 3.56 dBi respectively. Based on the antenna performances, it can successfully cover the frequency band requirement for RFID, WiMAX and C/X-band applications.
Calibration of TDR Test Probe for Measuring Moisture in the Body of the Railway Substructure and its Subgrade
Authors: Dobeš Peter 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
In the introduction of the paper there is characterized a way of monitoring the moisture in the railway substructure in the experimental stand, which is a part of the experimental workplace of the Department of Railway Engineering and Track Management. A substantial part of the paper is devoted to the calibration of TDR test probe for selected rock materials as a basic prerequisite for the determination of the actual moisture in the body of the railway substructure and subgrade.
Enhancement of the Work in Scia Engineer's Environment by Employment of XML Programming Language
Authors: Kortiš Ján 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The productivity of the work of engineers in the design of building structures by applying the rules of technical standards [1] has been increasing by using different software products for recent years. The software products offer engineers new possibilities to design different structures. However, there are problems especially for design of structures with similar static schemes as it is needed to follow the same work-steps. This can be more effective if the steps are done automatically by using a programming language for leading the processes that are done by software. The design process of timber structure which is done in the environment of Scia Engineer software is presented in the article. XML Programming Language is used for automatization of the design and the XML code is modified in the Excel environment by using VBA Programming language [2], [3].
Corrosion of multiphase flow pipelines: the impact of crude oil
Authors: Wang Zi Ming , Zhang Jian 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe control of multiphase flow corrosion during oil production is a challenging task. In this review, the impact of crude oil on pipeline corrosion is broadly discussed, with the notion to reduce corrosion risks of pipelines in aggressive field conditions. First, the properties, emulsion stability, and multiphase flow patterns of crude oil fluids are concisely summarized and correlated to the corrosion behavior. Second, for proper evaluation of the corrosiveness of the oil-brine mixtures, related corrosion test methods and experimental techniques are critically evaluated. Third, the effects of crude oil on corrosion inhibition are conceivably attributed to four aspects, i.e. the entrainment of water, the wetting by crude oil, the partitioning effect, and the modification of the corrosion product layers. Fourth, the presence of crude oil may consume more corrosion inhibitors; however, the inhibitors can produce additional benefits on corrosion mitigation in oil-brine mixed conditions, such as altering the surface wettability to hydrophobic and enhancing the entrainment of water. Finally, some ideas to reduce pipeline corrosion are proposed and future research viewpoints are discussed.
Every conformal minimal surface in ℝ3 is isotopic to the real part of a holomorphic\break null curve
Authors: Alarcón Antonio , Forstnerič Franc 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
We show that for every conformal minimal immersion

u
:

M
→

ℝ
3

{u:M\to\mathbb{R}^{3}}

from an open
Riemann surface M to

ℝ
3

{\mathbb{R}^{3}}

there exists a smooth isotopy

u
t

:

M
→

ℝ
3

{u_{t}:M\to\mathbb{R}^{3}}

(

t
∈

[
0
,
1
]

{t\in[0,1]}

) of
conformal minimal immersions, with

u
0

=
u

{u_{0}=u}

, such that

u
1

{u_{1}}

is the real part of a holomorphic null curve

M
→

ℂ
3

{M\to\mathbb{C}^{3}}

(i.e.

u
1

{u_{1}}

has vanishing flux). If furthermore u is nonflat, then

u
1

{u_{1}}

can be chosen to have any prescribed flux and to be complete.
An Approach to a Flexible Thermoelectric Generator Fabricated using Bulk Materials
Authors: Geppert B. , Feldhoff A. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
A prototype flexible thermoelectric generator fabricated with bulk materials is presented. Mineral-fiber band and copper tape are used as flexible substrate and electric connectors, respectively, to coil up the constructed thermoelectric device under investigation. The applied active thermoelectric materials are

C

a

3

C

o

4

O

9

${\rm{C}}{{\rm{a}}_{\rm{3}}}{\rm{C}}{{\rm{o}}_{\rm{4}}}{{\rm{O}}_{\rm{9}}}$

ceramic and Cu-Ni alloy for hole and electron conduction, respectively. Thermal parallel and electric series connections of the mentioned materials were realized in the prototype flexible thermoelectric generator. The device delivered an open-circuit voltage of 16.52 mV and a short-circuit current of 19.40

μ
A

${\rm{\mu A}}$

with a temperature difference of

Δ

T

T
E
G

=
31

K

${\rm{\Delta}}{{\rm{T}}_{{\rm{TEG}}}}{\rm{= 31\ K}}$

for the hot side temperature of 420 K. The device exhibits an approximately 3 cm long stripe that include four basic units (n-p pair and electric connector).
A Multiple Criteria Decision Making Method Based on Relative Value Distances
Authors: Shyur Huan-jyh , Yin Liang , Shih Hsu-shih , Cheng Chi-bin 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
This paper proposes a new multiple criteria decision-making method called ERVD (election based on relative value distances). The s-shape value function is adopted to replace the expected utility function to describe the risk-averse and risk-seeking behavior of decision makers. Comparisons and experiments contrasting with the TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to the Ideal Solution) method are carried out to verify the feasibility of using the proposed method to represent the decision makers’ preference in the decision making process. Our experimental results show that the proposed approach is an appropriate and effective MCDM method.
Proving Opacity of Transactional Memory with Early Release
Authors: Siek Konrad , Wojciechowski Paweł T. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Transactional Memory (TM) is an alternative way of synchronizing concurrent accesses to shared memory by adopting the abstraction of transactions in place of low-level mechanisms like locks and barriers. TMs usually apply optimistic concurrency control to provide a universal and easy-to-use method of maintaining correctness. However, this approach performs a high number of aborts in high contention workloads, which can adversely affect performance. Optimistic TMs can cause problems when transactions contain irrevocable operations. Hence, pessimistic TMs were proposed to solve some of these problems. However, an important way of achieving efficiency in pessimistic TMs is to use early release. On the other hand, early release is seemingly at odds with opacity, the gold standard of TM safety properties, which does not allow transactions to make their state visible until they commit. In this paper we propose a proof technique that makes it possible to demonstrate that a TM with early release can be opaque as long as it prevents inconsistent views.