bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biogenic synthesis of AgNPs via polyherbal formulation: Mechanistic neutralization and toxicological impact on acetylcholinesterase from Bungarus sindanus venom
Authors: Afshin Noshaba , Mushtaq Nadia , Ahmed Mushtaq , Sher Naila , Alhag Sadeq K. , Khalil Fatma Mohamed Ameen , Al‐Shuraym Laila A. , Hameed Hajra , Badshah Farhad , Hussain Riaz 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study aims to examine the biogenic production, characterization, and anti‐acetylcholinesterase (AAChE) properties of polyherbal formulation PHF‐extract‐synthesized silver nanoparticles (PHF‐AgNPs). The Elapidae snake Bungarus sindanus has extremely dangerous venom for humans and contains a high amount of AChE (acetylcholinesterase). Inhibiting AChE leads to acetylcholine buildup, affecting neurotransmission. The study tested silver nanoparticles as AChE inhibitors using kinetics. Their production was confirmed through ultraviolet (UV) spectrometry at 425 nm (SPR peak of 1.94), and stabilizing functional groups were identified via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR). The average length of 20 nm was confirmed by analyzing the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) data. Energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) identified silver as the primary component of PHF‐AgNPs (26%). Statistical analysis showed that the activity of AChE in krait venom decreased by up to 45% and 37% at a given dose of ACh (0.5 mM) by PHF and AgNPs, respectively. Utilizing the Lineweaver‐Burk plot for kinetic analysis, a competitive type of inhibition is found.Research Highlights

Successfully synthesized PHF‐extract‐induced silver nanoparticles (PHF‐AgNPs) demonstrated through UV spectrometry and characterized as crystalline with an average size of 45 nm by X‐ray diffraction.
PHF‐AgNPs effectively inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE), an enzyme critical in neurotransmission, reducing its activity in krait venom by up to 45% at certain concentrations.
Kinetic analysis revealed that the inhibition mechanism of AChE by PHF‐AgNPs is competitive, offering potential for therapeutic applications in neurologically related conditions.
1,5‐Diazocine‐Based Diaryl Ketones: Design, Synthesis, and Optoelectronic Properties
Authors: Sebastian Anjitha , Darshan Vibhu , Nharangatt Bijoy , Maka Vijay Kumar , Linet Amrutham , Achankunju Simi , Nagaoka Masaki , Yagi Shigeyuki , Unni K. N. Narayanan , Neogi Ishita 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThree novel heterocyclic host based on diaryl ketone‐tethered 1,5‐diazocines were designed and synthesized for applications in phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (PhOLEDs). The hosts were derived by anchoring the naphthyl ketone (TBN), anthryl ketone (TBA), and phenanthryl ketone (TBP) to the 1,5‐diazocine core. The materials were successfully characterized using spectroscopic techniques. TBN and TBP exhibited low external quantum efficiency of 1.5% and 1.9% when explored as hosts in PhOLED devices. Among the series, TBP exhibited the highest luminance of 4160 cd/m2, maximum luminance efficiency of 6.3 cd/A, and power efficiency of 3.21 lm/w, when doped with Ir(ppy)3 in PhOLED. Nevertheless to our surprise, TBA manifested the lowest device performance than other TBs as a host due to low carrier mobility caused by a highly twisted structure as deciphered from the comparative analysis of single‐crystal structure that could impede carrier transport crucial for efficient electroluminescence. The outcomes of electroluminescence were validated and explained with analysis of single‐crystal structure, and also with the aid of density functional theory.
Short bowel syndrome related intestinal failure outcomes in Latin America: Insights from the RESTORE Registry
Authors: Rumbo Carolina , Solar Hector , Ortega Mariana , Busoni Verónica , de Barrio Silvia , Martinuzzi Andrés , Martínez María Ines , Plata Clara , Donnadio Luciana , Aurora Serralde‐Zuñiga , Saure Carola , Perez Claudia , Tanzi María Noel , Consuelo Alejandra , Becerra Andrés , Manzur Alejandra , Moya Diego Arenas , Rudi Lorena , Moreira Eduardo , Buncuga Martín , Hodgson María Isabel , Clariá Rodrigo Sánchez , Fernandez Adriana , Gondolesi Gabriel 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundShort bowel syndrome is considered a low prevalence disease. The scant information available about intestinal failure in Latin America was the driving force to expand this registry.MethodsA prospective, multicenter observational registry was created for patients with chronic intestinal failure short bowel at specialized centers in Latin America. Demographics, clinical characteristics, nutrition assessment, parenteral nutrition management, intestinal rehabilitation, related complications, clinical outcome, and survival were analyzed.ResultsFrom May 2020 to July 2023, 167 patients (115 adults, 52 children) from 20 centers were enrolled. For the adults, the mean age was 37.2 ± 18 years, 48% were female, and the mean follow‐up was 22.6 ± 18.3 months. The main etiology was surgical resections (postsurgical complications: 37%; ischemia: 25%); the mean intestinal length was 73 ± 55 cm. The complications were as follows: infections: 0.4/1000 catheter‐days; thrombosis: 0.24/1000 catheter‐days; liver disease: 2.6%. The outcomes were as follows: 28% were rehabilitated, 15% died, 9.6% were lost to follow‐up, 0.9% underwent transplant, and 45.6% continued follow‐up. For the children, the mean age 48 ± 52 months, 48% were female, 52% were premature. The mean follow‐up was 17.2 ± 5.6 months; the mean remaining intestinal length was 38 ± 45 cm. The leading etiologies were atresia (25%), NEC (23%), and gastroschisis (21%). The complication were as follows: infections: 2/1000 catheter‐days; thrombosis: 2.22/1000 catheter‐day; 25% developed liver disease. The outcomes were as follows: 7.7% died, 3.8% were rehabilitated, and 88.5% continued follow‐up.ConclusionThe RESTORE amendment served as a registry and educational tool for the participating teams. The aspiration is to objectively show current aspects of intestinal failure in the region and carry them to international standards. Including all Latin American countries and etiologies of chronic intestinal failure besides short gut would serve to complete this registry.
A retrospective study of duloxetine for phantom limb pain post lower‐limb amputation
Authors: Long Duncan , Beck Jonathon , Falconer Nazanin , Salih Salih 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundPhantom limb pain (PLP) refers to the painful sensory perception of a missing limb after amputation, which can have physical and psychological impacts.AimTo determine the effectiveness of duloxetine for pain management in PLP by the reduction of opioid doses and other neuropathic analgesics when introduced into multimodal pain management strategies in the subacute rehabilitation setting.MethodThis was a retrospective observational case‐matched cohort study of patients who were admitted to a geriatric and rehabilitation unit at a tertiary Australian hospital from January 2005–December 2017 with PLP after lower‐limb amputation. Patients were included if they had a new amputation and experienced PLP. The primary outcome was a difference in oxycodone dose equivalents at discharge between the two cohorts. Univariable analysis was used to compare groups. Ethical approval was granted by the Metro South Low Negligible Risk Ethics Committee (Reference no: LNR/2018/QMS/47370) and the study conforms with the National statement on ethical conduct in human research.ResultsThirty patients from the duloxetine treatment cohort and 57 patients from the non‐duloxetine cohort were identified. Participants were predominantly male (81%) and had a median age of 63 years (interquartile range = 10.7). Both populations showed a similar rate of opioid dose reduction comparing doses at admission with those at discharge. There were no significant differences in absolute oxycodone equivalent doses at the two observed check points: admission and discharge.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that opioid consumption in post‐surgical lower‐limb amputees reporting PLP was not significantly different between populations that used and did not use duloxetine. Future research should evaluate the efficacy of duloxetine in PLP pain management using a multisite prospective study design.
Impact of sacubitril/valsartan on atrial fibrillation burden in heart failure: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Barradas Ana , de Almeida Fernandes Diogo , Fonseca Inês , António Natália , Elvas Luís , Gonçalves Lino 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundSacubitril/valsartan (an angiotensin receptor‐neprilysin inhibitors [ARNI]) might improve atrial fibrillation (AF) condition, but its added value remains controversial.AimWe aimed to analyse the effect of ARNI on AF burden.MethodWe conducted a single‐centre, retrospective self‐controlled study in a tertiary centre. Data were retrieved from January 2019–January 2023. All cardiac resynchronisation therapy‐implantable cardioverter defibrillator (CRT‐D) carriers on ARNI were included if implantation had been at least 3 months before drug initiation. Proarrhythmic events, equal time length control (before ARNI initiation), and exposure (after ARNI initiation) periods were defined. Echocardiographic data were retrieved if they were up to 1 year old before ARNI initiation and if they were available 3 months to 1 year after initiation. AF burden was defined by frequency and median value of paroxysmal events and the overall variation in AF status was determined. Ethical approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of the Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (Reference no: PI OBS.SF.174‐2022) and the study conforms with the Declaration of Helsinki.ResultsSeventy‐two patients were included in the study (73.3% men). After ARNI, there was a reduction in New York Heart Association functional class ± standard deviation (2.00 ± 0.75 to 1.85 ± 0.61, p = 0.043) and an increase in left ventricular ejection fraction ± standard deviation (from 31.67% ± 9.28% vs 37.33% ± 14.49%, p = 0.027). Before ARNI initiation, 34 patients did not have AF, 19 had paroxysmal AF, 15 had permanent AF, and 2 had persistent AF. The total amount of AF episodes (91 vs 44, p = 0.808) and median paroxysmal episodes (among those with paroxysmal AF or no AF) (5 vs 3, p = 0.121) were numerically reduced after ARNI initiation, though variation was not statistically significant. No differences were found as well regarding ventricular arrhythmias or device therapies.ConclusionARNI did not significantly decrease the number of AF paroxysmal episodes or median number of paroxysmal events per patient. Even though ARNI may have a positive impact on AF burden of heart failure patients, larger studies are needed to provide unequivocal evidence.
Insights into lignin bioconversion: lignin‐derived compounds treatment of a novel marine fungus K‐2
Authors: Liu Wenxian , Xu Liting , Cheng Haina , Chen Zhu , Zhou Hongbo , Wang Yuguang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe potential for the efficient conversion of lignocellulosic biomass has been extensively explored to produce a wide range of bioproducts. Many approaches have been sought for the deep conversion of lignin to generate products that are toxin‐free and beneficial for processing into high‐value‐added components.RESULTSThis study reported a fungus isolated from the deep sea with strong synthesis of multiple lignocellulases, conversion of lignin and guaiacol (0.1%) by 71.6% and 86.1% within 9 days at 30 °C respectively, and outstanding environmental adaptability (20–50 °C and pH 3–8). Metabolic pathway profiling showed that this fungus utilized lignin to rapidly activate multiple ring‐opening reactions including the 2,3‐ and 3,4‐cleavage pathways, with the 2,3‐cleavage pathway predominating after 5 days. Conversion of metabolic intermediates confirmed the superb potential of this strain for lignin treatment. Meanwhile, its shikimic acid pathway was metabolically active under lignin.CONCLUSIONThis further expands the potential to produce valuable bioproducts during lignin treatment, especially under ambient conditions, which can significantly enhance high‐value precursor compound production. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Rejuvenating Mind and Soul: Psychological Benefits of Camping Experiences and the Moderating Role of Psychological Distress
Authors: Shi Ji , Joo Dongoh , Lee Choong‐Ki , Reisinger Yvette , Duong Hai Long 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis study examines the extent to which camping experiences influence campers' restoration, psychological capital, and life satisfaction and the role psychological distress plays in this process. Survey data were collected from 420 Chinese campers and analyzed using multigroup structural equation modeling. Four categories of experiences (i.e., escapist, entertainment, esthetic, and educational experiences) positively impacted restoration, which then contributed positively to psychological capital and life satisfaction. Psychological capital influenced life satisfaction and mediated the relationship between restoration and life satisfaction. The association between restoration and psychological capital was weaker in the group with higher psychological distress. The study calls for a broader application of psychological capital in outdoor recreation and tourism research.
Microvascular Regeneration and Perfusion of Partially Decellularized Tracheal Grafts
Authors: Sher Ada C. , Liu Lumei , Izem Melwan , Calyeca Jazmin , Meeker Molly O. , Chiang Tendy 
Published: October 2024

ObjectivesA critical barrier to successful tracheal transplantation is poor vascularization. Despite its importance, little is known about microvascular regeneration in tissue‐engineered grafts. We have demonstrated that partially decellularized tracheal grafts (PDTG) support neotissue formation including new submucosal microvasculature (CD31+). However, the perfusion of this neovasculature is unknown. In this study, we used a mouse model of tracheal replacement to measure the microvascular regeneration and perfusion of PDTG.MethodsPDTG and syngeneic tracheal grafts (STG, surgical control) (n = 5 for each group) were orthotopically transplanted into C5BL/6 J mice. We quantified vascularity of STG and PDTG samples at 1 and 3 months with conventional histology (N = 3 ~ 10/group). At 1, 3, and 6 months, animals were injected with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) tomato lectin into the left ventricle. After perfusion, tracheas were fixed, harvested, mounted, stained for CD31 expression, and imaged with resonant scanning confocal microscopy. Percent CD31+, FITC area was compared between groups and endpoints compared with native trachea. Microvascular intersections were quantified using Sholl analysis.ResultsFunctional microvasculature was seen in both groups. Although percent vascularization (CD31) in PDTG was restored by 3 months, microvascular pattern in PDTG displayed a unique morphology compared with control. Surgery alone appeared to globally change microvascular pattern and perfusion. PDTG demonstrated equivalent perfusion to surgical control by 6 months. Sholl analysis revealed a reduction of microvessel intersectionality that persisted in PDTG and was not seen in surgical or native controls.ConclusionsPDTG exhibited microvascular regeneration. Perfusion was present in PDTG, improved, and persisted over long‐term time points.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 135:614–621, 2025
Simple visualization of fish migration history based on high‐resolution otolith δ18O profiles and hydrodynamic models
Authors: Sakamoto Tatsuya 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOxygen‐stable isotope (δ18O) in otoliths has been useful to infer marine fish migrations. However, because otolith δ18O is affected by two parameters, temperature and δ18O of ambient water, its interpretation becomes challenging when neither of them is constant. Here, I describe a simple method using hydrodynamic models to visualize potential migration histories from high‐resolution otolith δ18O chronologies. By predicting the distribution of potential otolith δ18O, that is, otolith δ18O isoscape from modeled temperature and salinity distributions and comparing these with observed values, possible fish locations can be inferred. The demonstration of sardine juveniles in the western North Pacific region reproduced their seasonal northward migrations accurately. The predicted locations were consistent with the results of sampling surveys of eggs and juveniles and correctly approached the point where fish were caught. The methodological recommendations and the successful demonstration in this study may help in planning future sclerochronology research using carbonate δ18O values.
Heterozygous KCNJ10 Variants Affecting Kir4.1 Channel Cause Paroxysmal Kinesigenic Dyskinesia
Authors: Huang Xiaojun , Fu Xin , Wu Jingying , Cheng Xin , Hong Xiaoqi , Li Ziyi , Zheng Lan , Liu Qing , Chen Shendi , Tang Beisha , Zhao Yuwu , Liu Xiaorong , Li Xunhua , Liu Xiaoli , Zhou Zaiwei , Wu Li , Fang Kan , Zhong Ping , Zhang Mei , Luan Xinghua , Tian Wotu , Tong Xiaoping , Cao Li 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundMore than 60% of paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD) cases are of uncertain variants.ObjectiveThe aim was to elucidate novel genetic contribution to PKD.MethodsA total of 476 probands with uncertain genetic causes were enrolled for whole‐exome sequencing. A method of case–control analysis was applied to identify the candidate genes. Whole‐cell patch‐clamp recording was applied to verify the electrophysiological impact of the identified variants. A mouse model with cerebellar heterozygous knockout of the candidate gene was developed via adeno‐associated virus injection, and dystonia‐like phenotype inducement and rotarod tests were performed. In vivo multiunit electrical recording was applied to investigate the change in neural excitability in knockout mice.ResultsHeterozygous variants of potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 10 (KCNJ10) clustered in PKD patients were compared with those in the control groups. Fifteen variants were detected in 16 of 522 probands (frequency = 3.07%). Patients with KCNJ10 variants tended to have a milder manifestation compared to those with PRRT2 (proline‐rich transmembrane protein 2) variants. KCNJ10 variants partially altered the transmembrane location of inwardly rectifying potassium channel 4.1 (Kir4.1). The Kcnj10 expression is consistent with the natural course of PKD. Variants resulted in different degrees of reduction in cell Kir4.1 currents, and mice with heterozygous conditional knockout of Kcnj10 in the cerebellum presented dystonic posture, together with poor motor coordination and motor learning ability in rotarod tests. The firing rate of deep cerebellar nuclei was significantly elevated in Kcnj10‐cKO mice.ConclusionWe identified heterozygous variants of KCNJ10 in PKD. Impaired function of Kir4.1 might lead to abnormal neuronal excitability, which attributed to PKD. © 2024 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
The application of the combination between artificial intelligence and endoscopy in gastrointestinal tumors
Authors: Li Shen , Xu Maosen , Meng Yuanling , Sun Haozhen , Zhang Tao , Yang Hanle , Li Yueyi , Ma Xuelei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGastrointestinal (GI) tumors have always been a major type of malignant tumor and a leading cause of tumor‐related deaths worldwide. The main principles of modern medicine for GI tumors are early prevention, early diagnosis, and early treatment, with early diagnosis being the most effective measure. Endoscopy, due to its ability to visualize lesions, has been one of the primary modalities for screening, diagnosing, and treating GI tumors. However, a qualified endoscopist often requires long training and extensive experience, which to some extent limits the wider use of endoscopy. With advances in data science, artificial intelligence (AI) has brought a new development direction for the endoscopy of GI tumors. AI can quickly process large quantities of data and images and improve diagnostic accuracy with some training, greatly reducing the workload of endoscopists and assisting them in early diagnosis. Therefore, this review focuses on the combined application of endoscopy and AI in GI tumors in recent years, describing the latest research progress on the main types of tumors and their performance in clinical trials, the application of multimodal AI in endoscopy, the development of endoscopy, and the potential applications of AI within it, with the aim of providing a reference for subsequent research.
MRI of GlycoNOE in the human liver using GraspNOE‐Dixon
Authors: Xu Xiang , Leforestier Rodolphe , Xia Ding , Block Kai Tobias , Feng Li 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPurposeThe objective of this study was to develop a new MRI technique for non‐invasive, free‐breathing imaging of glycogen in the human liver using the nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE).MethodsThe proposed method, called GraspNOE‐Dixon, uses a novel MRI sequence that combines steady‐state saturation‐transfer preparation with multi‐echo golden‐angle radial stack‐of‐stars sampling. Multi‐echo acquisition enables fat/water‐separated imaging for quantification of water‐specific NOE. Image reconstruction is performed using the improved golden‐angle radial sparse parallel imaging (GRASP‐Pro) technique to exploit spatiotemporal correlations in dynamic images. To evaluate the proposed technique, imaging experiments were first performed on glycogen phantoms, followed by in vivo studies involving healthy volunteers and patients with fatty liver disease. In addition, a comparative assessment of signal changes before and after a 12‐h fasting period was performed.ResultsEvaluation experiments on glycogen phantoms showed a robust linear correlation between the NOE signal and glycogen concentration. In vivo experiments demonstrated motion‐robust NOE‐weighted images, with potential for further acceleration. In subjects with varying liver fat content, the fat/water separation approach resulted in distortion‐free Z‐spectra, enabling the quantification of glycogen NOE. An approximately one‐third reduction in the NOE signal was observed following a 12‐h fasting period, consistent with a decrease in glycogen level.ConclusionThis study introduces a clinically feasible imaging technique, GraspNOE‐Dixon, for free‐breathing volumetric multi‐echo imaging of hepatic glycogen at 3 T. The motion robust imaging technique developed here may also have applications in other body areas beyond liver imaging.