bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and quality characterization of mutton snack
Authors: Talukder S. , Mendiratta S.K. , Soni Arvind , Singh Tarun Pal , Chhangte Lalchamliani , Kumar R.R. , Goswami Meena , Malav O. P. , A Irshad 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– The aim of this study was to explore the feasibility of formulation, quality characterization and acceptability of rice flour- and black gram flour-incorporated mutton snack among consumers. Cereal-based snacks, which have very less nutritional value, are highly popular among Indian consumers. Malnutrition and protein deficiencies can be overcome by supplying nutrient-dense meat-incorporated cereal-based snacks to them. On this background, it was planned to incorporate easily available sheep meat to popular snack to improve the nutritional quality, acceptability and functionality of traditional snack.

Design/methodology/approach
– Mutton-based snack formulation was standardized; rice flour (Treatment-I [T-I]), black gram flour (Treatment-II [T-II]) and their combination (Treatment-III [T-III]) were used along with lean meat for the preparation of mutton snack. Microwaving and frying process of cooking was applied, and various physicochemical and sensory properties of both raw and cooked snack were evaluated.

Findings
– Emulsion stability and expansion percentage increased significantly (p
<
0.05) in all treatment products in both cooking process except in T-III. Significant (p
<
0.05) decrease in protein percentage and increase in fat percentage has been recorded in all treatments and cooking process in comparison to control. The overall acceptability scores increased significantly in all the treatments except T-III in comparison to control. On the basis of physicochemical and sensory attributes the microwaved black gram flour-added mutton snack (T-II) was adjudged as most acceptable and was stored for a period of 45 days at ambient temperature. It was concluded that optimized product could be stored at room temperature in LDPE pouches for 45 days without marked deterioration in quality on the basis of evaluations of physicochemical (pH and thiobarbituric acid reacting substances value) and microbiological parameters (total plate count, coliform count and yeast and mould count).

Research limitations/implications
– Future research may benefit from attempting to modify shelf life of the snack in room temperature by modifying storage and packaging condition.

Originality/value
– Although incorporation of meat in cereal-based traditional snack and the effect on its quality characteristics have been extensively examined, limited research has focused on this aspect. Additionally, limited qualitative research has examined the storage characteristics of meat-incorporated snack at room temperature in eating quality context.
Nutritional quality and acceptability of sweet potato–soybean–moringa composite porridge
Authors: Gebretsadikan Tirhas M. , Bultosa Geremew , Forsido Sirawdink Fikreyesus , Astatkie Tessema 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper was to formulate porridge using orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP), soybean and moringa ingredients that optimizes its nutritional quality and acceptability.

Design/methodology/approach
– A 16-run constrained D-optimal mixture design was used to evaluate proximate compositions and sensory acceptability of the products. Each composition and acceptability response variable was optimized separately, and then, the sweet spot that optimizes all was determined.

Findings
– The protein, fiber, total ash, carbohydrate, iron and carotenoid contents as well as major sensory quality indicators were significantly affected by soybean, moringa and OFSP blends. However, the influence of the mixture on fat content was weak. Sensory acceptability was high for porridges processed from high OFSP and soybean, but higher nutritional quality was obtained from higher moringa levels. Graphical optimization showed that blends containing 68-75 per cent OFSP, 17-26 per cent soybean and 5-8 per cent moringa have produced nutrient enriched porridges with desirable sensory quality.

Originality/value
– The study showed that OFSP, soybean and moringa have a potential for making protein, carbohydrate, dietary fiber, pro-vitamin A carotenoids and iron enriched product that will contribute to the fight against malnutrition in developing nations such as Ethiopia. In addition, having OFSP in the blend masks undesirable odor and taste imparted by moringa.
Date fruit powder as sugar replacer in rock buns
Authors: Barimah John , Laryea Damian , Okine Ugett Naa Korkoi 
Published: November 2015

Purpose– This paper aims to assess the potential of date fruit powder as a refined sugar replacer in rock buns to help promote and diversify the utilization of date fruit.Design/methodology/approach– Date fruit pulp was sun dried, milled into powder, sieved and its proximate composition determined. Refined sugar in rock buns was replaced with date fruit powder at 0, 50, 80 and 100 per cent levels. The samples were then subjected to proximate, mineral and sensory evaluation.Findings– Date fruit powder had 1.47 per cent crude fiber and was high in carbohydrate (82.15 per cent). Carbohydrate content of samples decreased (48.55-29.72 per cent), while crude protein (6.78-9.97 per cent), crude fat (22.74-33.66 per cent) and crude fiber (0-0.49 per cent) contents increased with an increasing substitution of date powder. Of all, 0 and 50 per cent substituted rock bun samples were the most preferred. Date powder significantly (p< 0.05) increased the potassium (0.55-1.57 per cent), calcium (0.08-1.08 per cent) and iron (0.53-0.625 per cent) contents of the samples.Originality/value– This research assessed the potential of date fruit powder as a replacer of refined sugar in rock buns, as it remains an underutilized commodity in Ghana. Replacing 50 per cent of refined sugar improved the nutrient composition of rock buns, thereby making date fruit powder a nutritious sugar replacer which could be used in pastry products. This when adopted would diversify the utilization of date fruits while providing good nutrition to consumers.
Specific carbohydrate diet: irritable bowel syndrome patient case study
Authors: O'Dwyer Darla D. , Darville Ray L. 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper was to investigate the impact of specific carbohydrate restriction (polysaccharides and disaccharides) in the form of the specific carbohydrate diet (SCD) in treating irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

Design/methodology/approach
– A female patient diagnosed with diarrhea predominant IBS was assigned to the SCD for six months. The diet occurred in phases and was advanced based on the individual’s tolerance level under the guidance of a registered dietitian. Quality of life was measured by a pre- and post-IBS severity score questionnaire. Gastrointestinal symptoms were measured by self-assessment of IBS symptoms using a seven-point Likert-like scale, with −3 = substantially worse to +3 = substantially better. Probiotics were consumed throughout the duration of the study.

Findings
– The quality of life severity score significantly improved from a severity of 315 (with 500 being the most severe) to 15. The initial symptoms from the first day on the diet compared to the total period for bloating, abdominal pain/discomfort, flatulence/wind, diarrhea, bowel urgency, stool consistency, stool frequency, energy levels, incomplete evacuation and abdominal rumbling were improved significantly (p
<
0.0005). The SCD diet significantly improved the quality of life and IBS symptoms in a female patient with IBS-diarrhea.

Originality/value
– This study is the first of its kind to evaluate the efficacy of the SCD to treat IBS. The SCD should be considered a therapeutic option to treating IBS after fermentable carbohydrate restriction.
Nutritional and therapeutic potential ofbael(Aegle marmelosCorr.) fruit juice: a review
Authors: Bhardwaj R. L. , Nandal Urvashi 
Published: November 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to summarize the scientific information of various qualities of bael fruit juice used in traditional system of medicine for variety of purposes. Utilization of bael fruit juice in day-to-day life has great nutritional, therapeutic, and commercial importance. Bael fruit contains nutrients like vitamins (riboflavin), minerals, trace elements, energy and phytochemicals, including flavonoids, polyphenols and antioxidants, that have been shown to have varied health benefits. In past few decades, bael has been extensively studied for its medicinal properties by advanced scientific techniques, and a variety of bioactive compounds like marmelosin, tannins, alkaloids, coumarins, steroids, rutacine, y-sitosterol, psoralin, xanthotoxin, scopolotein, aegelemine, aegeline, marmeline, fragrine, dictamine, cinnamide and different derivatives of cinnamide have been isolated from its fruit juice.Design/methodology/approach– The medicinal value of bael fruit is very high when the harvests just begin to ripen. As a result, it has a high demand as alternative medicine for curing the diseases like diabetes, high cholesterol, peptic ulcer, inflammation, diarrhea and dysentery, constipation, respiratory infection. Furthermore, the bael fruit juice has anticancer, cardio protective, antibacterial, antifungal, radio protective, antipyretic, analgesic, antioxidant, antiviral, anthelmintic and anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, wound healing properties. The ripe fruit juice is aromatic, has cooling and laxative effects, and arrests secretion or bleeding.Findings– The unripe or half-ripe fruit juice is good for digestion, useful in preventing or curing scurvy, and it strengthens the stomach action. It helps in the healing of ulcerated intestinal surfaces and has appreciable activity against intestinal pathogenic organisms. The present review summarizes the scientific information of various qualities of bael fruit juice used in traditional system of medicine for a variety of purposes.Originality/value– It is quite evident from this review that bael is an important medicinal herb and extensively used in Ayurveda, Siddha and other medicinal systems. Bael fruit juice is an excellent source of water and natural sugar and is important principally for containing vitamins, minerals, phytochemicals, antioxidants, pigments, energy, organic acids, dietary fiber and other food components, which are the key factors in the medicinal value of this plant. Moreover, mechanisms of action of a few bioactive compounds have been identified so far.
Genotype × environment influence on African yam bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa) antinutrients
Authors: Adesoye Adenubi , Oluyede Temidayo 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to determine the influence of genotype and environment on tannins, phytic acid, trypsin inhibitors and haemagglutinin content of African yam bean (AYB). The presence of antinutritional factors (ANFs) alongside hardness-to-cook have been identified as reasons for the neglected and under-utilized status of AYB, a protein-rich legume. Various researchers have focused on ways to reduce these ANFs. However, breeding varieties of AYB with low levels of these ANFs offers a more satisfactory long-term solution to this problem.

Design/methodology/approach
– Fifteen genotypes of AYB were grown in three different locations – Abakaliki (6° 19′ N 8° 6′ E), Enugu (6° 52′ N 7° 37′ E) and Ibadan (7° 26′ N 3° 53′ E). The locations are representative of the major areas where AYB are produced in Nigeria. Seeds were collected and analysed for the presence of haemagglutinin, phytic acid, trypsin inhibitors and tannin.

Findings
– Genotype effects were strongest in controlling haemagglutinin content, while environment was the major source of variation for phytic acid, trypsin inhibitors and tannin content. Therefore, variability in the levels of these ANFs in AYB depends largely on the environment where they are grown. Genotype × environment was significant for all the ANFs.

Research limitations/implications
– The implication of this is that an AYB genotype grown and safely consumed in an environment could have antinutritional effects when grown and consumed in another environment.

Originality/value
– While research has been carried out on genotypic variations in ANFs of AYB, limited work has been done on the effect of genotype × environment interactions on these ANFs.
Algorithm to select optimal systemic anti‐psoriatic drugs in relation with patients' Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score for plaque psoriasis
Authors: Bae Soo Hyeon , Yun Sook Jung , Lee Jee‐Bum , Kim Seong‐Jin , Won Young Ho , Lee Seung‐Chul 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis study sought to develop a therapeutic algorithm for selecting the optimal systemic drugs to treat moderate to severe psoriasis, based on the patient's Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) score. Data from 191 patients undergoing treatment for plaque psoriasis were retrospectively analyzed. Pre‐ and post‐treatment PASI scores were compared across patients treated with acitretin of retinoic acid (RA; n = 95), methotrexate (MTX; n = 41) or cyclosporin A (CsA; n = 55). The PASI score improvement was examined at weeks 4 (primary end‐point) and 12 (secondary end‐point). MTX and CsA had a higher global therapeutic efficacy, with more patients exhibiting a marked improvement (≥75% improvement in PASI [PASI 75]) at week 12 with MTX (56.1%, P = 0.028) and CsA (54.5%, P = 0.025) than RA (35.8%). Multivariate analysis adjusting for confounders produced consistent results (P = 0.026). For patients with severe psoriasis (PASI >12), the PASI 75 response was higher with CsA (55.6%) than RA (31.5%) (P = 0.023) at week 4 and higher with MTX (57.1%, P = 0.029) and CsA (61.5%, P = 0.017) than RA (21.7%) at week 12. Because RA is a standard systemic drug, the RA group was divided into two subgroups based on the PASI 50 response at week 12. Marked or moderate improvement (PASI ≥50) with RA was observed in patients with a pretreatment PASI score less than 14. Thus, oral RA is recommended as a first‐line drug for patients with PASI of less than 14, and MTX or CsA are recommended for patients with PASI of 14 or more.
Incidence and prognostic significance of non‐enhancing cortical signal abnormality in glioblastoma
Authors: Lasocki Arian , Gaillard Frank , Tacey Mark , Drummond Katharine , Stuckey Stephen 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIntroductionThe presence of non‐enhancing cortical signal abnormality is useful for differentiating between glioblastoma and metastatic disease, but its significance has not been studied. We aimed to determine the incidence and prognostic implications of non‐enhancing cortical signal abnormality in glioblastomas.MethodsPatients with a new diagnosis of glioblastoma between September 2007 and December 2010 were identified. Only patients with at least fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) and post‐contrast T1‐weighted sequences were included. Pre‐operative MRIs were reviewed together by two readers to determine whether there was evidence of non‐enhancing cortical signal abnormality, based primarily on the FLAIR sequence. The results were compared with patient survival using both univariate and multivariate analysis.ResultsOne hundred fifty‐one patients met the inclusion criteria. Seventy‐seven patients (51%) had evidence of non‐enhancing cortical signal abnormality. On both univariate and multivariate analysis, there was overall no significant difference in survival between patients with non‐enhancing cortical signal abnormality and those without. Peripheral enhancing lesions (51 patients) were generally associated with the longest survival, but subgroup analysis suggested that non‐enhancing signal abnormality was associated with worse survival in these patients (P = 0.004), conveying an intermediate prognosis.ConclusionsNon‐enhancing cortical signal abnormality is a common feature of glioblastomas, occurring in about half of cases. It does not affect survival overall, but appears to be associated with worse survival in the setting of a peripherally located enhancing lesion. This has the potential to alter surgical management.
The burden of disease attributable to cannabis use in Canada in 2012
Authors: Imtiaz Sameer , Shield Kevin D. , Roerecke Michael , Cheng Joyce , Popova Svetlana , Kurdyak Paul , Fischer Benedikt , Rehm Jürgen 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackground and AimsCannabis use is associated with several adverse health effects. However, little is known about the cannabis‐attributable burden of disease. This study quantified the age‐, sex‐ and adverse health effect‐specific cannabis‐attributable (1) mortality, (2) years of life lost due to premature mortality (YLLs), (3) years of life lost due to disability (YLDs) and (4) disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs) in Canada in 2012.DesignEpidemiological modeling.SettingCanada.ParticipantsCanadians aged ≥ 15 years in 2012.MeasurementsUsing comparative risk assessment methodology, cannabis‐attributable fractions were computed using Canadian exposure data and risk relations from large studies or meta‐analyses. Outcome data were obtained from Canadian databases and the World Health Organization. The 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed using Monte Carlo methodology.FindingsCannabis use was estimated to have caused 287 deaths (95% CI = 108, 609), 10 533 YLLs (95% CI = 4760, 20 833), 55 813 YLDs (95% CI = 38 175, 74 094) and 66 346 DALYs (95% CI = 47 785, 87 207), based on causal impacts on cannabis use disorders, schizophrenia, lung cancer and road traffic injuries. Cannabis‐attributable burden of disease was highest among young people, and males accounted for twice the burden than females. Cannabis use disorders were the most important single cause of the cannabis‐attributable burden of disease.ConclusionsThe cannabis‐attributable burden of disease in Canada in 2012 included 55 813 years of life lost due to disability, caused mainly by cannabis use disorders. Although the cannabis‐attributable burden of disease was substantial, it was much lower compared with other commonly used legal and illegal substances. Moreover, the evidence base for cannabis‐attributable harms was smaller.
Long‐term outcomes after randomization to buprenorphine/naloxone versus methadone in a multi‐site trial
Authors: Hser Yih‐Ing , Evans Elizabeth , Huang David , Weiss Robert , Saxon Andrew , Carroll Kathleen M. , Woody George , Liu David , Wakim Paul , Matthews Abigail G. , Hatch‐Maillette Mary , Jelstrom Eve , Wiest Katharina , McLaughlin Paul , Ling Walter 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAimsTo compare long‐term outcomes among participants randomized to buprenorphine or methadone.Design, Setting and ParticipantsFollow‐up was conducted in 2011–14 of 1080 opioid‐dependent participants entering seven opioid treatment programs in the United States between 2006 and 2009 and randomized (within each program) to receive open‐label buprenorphine/naloxone or methadone for up to 24 weeks; 795 participants completed in‐person interviews (~74% follow‐up interview rate) covering on average 4.5 years.MeasurementsOutcomes were indicated by mortality and opioid use. Covariates included demographics, site, cocaine use and treatment experiences.FindingsMortality was not different between the two randomized conditions, with 23 (3.6%) of 630 participants randomized to buprenorphine having died versus 26 (5.8%) of 450 participants randomized to methadone. Opioid use at follow‐up was higher among participants randomized to buprenorphine relative to methadone [42.8 versus 31.7% positive opioid urine specimens, P < 0.01, effect size (h) = 0.23 (0.09, 0.38); 5.8 days versus 4.4 days of past 30‐day heroin use, P < 0.05, effect size (d) = 0.14 (0.00, 0.28)]. Opioid use during the follow‐up period by randomization condition was also significant (F(7,39 600) = 3.16; P < 0.001) due mainly to less treatment participation among participants randomized to buprenorphine than methadone. Less opioid use was associated with both buprenorphine and methadone treatment (relative to no treatment); no difference was found between the two treatments. Individuals who are white or used cocaine at baseline responded better to methadone than to buprenorphine.ConclusionsThere are few differences in long‐term outcomes between buprenorphine and methadone treatment for opioid dependence, and treatment with each medication is associated with a strong reduction in opioid use.
Pregestational diabetes is associated with adverse outcomes in twin pregnancies: a regional register‐based study
Authors: Darke Joanne , Glinianaia Svetlana V. , Marsden Philippa , Bell Ruth 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIntroductionThe incidence of pregnancies complicated by twinning and diabetes is increasing in the UK. This is a worrying trend as both diabetes and twin gestations are associated with a high risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. The few studies that have specifically addressed how twinning and pregestational diabetes in the same pregnancy may affect outcome have reported conflicting results.Material and methodsWe analyzed data on 27 women with a twin pregnancy and pregestational diabetes (54 babies) and 6407 women with a twin pregnancy without diabetes (12 814 babies) from the Northern Survey of Twin and Multiple Pregnancy during 1998–2010. A composite adverse pregnancy outcome (comprising fetal loss before 24 weeks, termination of pregnancy, stillbirth, infant death or any major congenital anomaly), extended perinatal mortality (stillbirths and neonatal deaths) and major congenital anomaly were the main outcome measures. Adjusted rate ratios were estimated using generalized estimating equations for Poisson regression controlling for potential confounders.ResultsMothers with twin pregnancies with diabetes were older (p = 0.001) and had higher body mass indices (p < 0.0001) than those without diabetes. Their twins were more likely to be delivered earlier (p = 0.026), be delivered by cesarean section (80.4% vs. 49.7%; p < 0.0001), be large‐for‐gestational‐age (p < 0.0001) and require admission to a special care baby unit (p < 0.0001). Pregestational diabetes was associated with significantly increased rates of the composite adverse outcome and major congenital anomalies in twins (adjusted rate ratios 2.66, 95% confidence interval 1.14–6.20 and adjusted rate ratios 3.51, 95% confidence interval 1.31–9.40, respectively).ConclusionMaternal pregestational diabetes in twin pregnancies is associated with a significantly increased risk of an adverse pregnancy outcome.