bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pubertal assessment: targeted educational intervention for pediatric trainees
Authors: Khokhar Aditi , Nagarajan Sairaman , Ravichandran Yagnaram , Perez-Colon Sheila 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Background
Timely and periodic pubertal assessment in children is vital to identify puberty related disorders. Pediatricians need to have working knowledge of puberty time and tempo. Pediatric residency is an important platform to acquire physical examination skills including pubertal assessment.

Objective
An educational intervention for teaching pubertal assessment was piloted on pediatric residents at our institution.

Methods
The intervention comprised of interactive lecture series, ID badge size Tanner stage cards and Tanner posters placed in residents’ continuity clinics. Pre-intervention, post-intervention and 3 months post-intervention surveys for participating trainees were administered to determine the effectiveness of the intervention. Attitudes, practices, knowledge scores, and barriers to Tanner staging conduct were analyzed.

Results
Forty-three residents participated in the intervention. Knowledge scores of PGY1 (5.95 ± 1.6 vs. 7.47 ± 1.4, p < 0.01) improved right after the intervention, as did self-reported clinical practices of all trainees 3 months post- intervention with regards to conducting external genital examination and performing pubertal assessment. Confidence levels of pediatric trainees in conducting pubertal assessment and comfort levels in assessing the need for endocrine referral based on abnormal Tanner staging improved after the intervention, although the effect was not statistically significant.

Conclusion
Our intervention is a worthwhile technique for teaching pubertal assessment to residents as it is simple to conduct, easily reproducible, provides baseline knowledge needed for recognition of normal pubertal development and puberty related conditions, and instills confidence in residents.
Spanish and Kaqchikel-Maya: A study in town and village in Guatemala’s central highlands
Authors: Holmquist Jonathan , Kahn Hana Muzika 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis article examines patterns of maintenance and shift affecting Kaqchikel-Maya in contact with Spanish in a municipality of the central highlands of Guatemala. It examines self-reported skills in the use of Spanish and Kaqchikel-Maya as well as directly assessed knowledge of Kaqchikel in relation to ethnicity, generations, and gender in town and village in the municipality. The study draws on fieldwork between 2011 and 2013 in the municipality of Parramos, Chimaltenango. Two researchers in collaboration with native Spanish-and-Kaqchikel-speaking assistants surveyed 280 speakers. Data are based on responses to an orally administered questionnaire that included self-reporting of language skills and direct assessment measures focusing on knowledge of Kaqchikel vocabulary as well as on the ability to respond to conversational questions in Kaqchikel. Results are interpreted in relation to stability vs. instability in the use of the two languages and to the asymmetry of the bilingualism that distinguishes the ethnic communities.
Investigation on Chirping induced performance degradation in Single Mode Directly modulated 1.55um DFB laser
Authors: Yousuf Abida , Najeeb-ud-din Hakim 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Dynamic characteristics of directly modulated laser are investigated by simulating the single mode laser rate equations, emphasized on the effect of the gain compression for the two laser models: one adiabatic chirp dominated and another with a combination of adiabatic and transient chirp-dominated laser. The influence of laser adiabatic and transient chirp on system performance in normal and anomalous propagation regime is investigated by simulation. It is shown that in the anomalous propagation regime, the presence of fiber nonlinearity can be beneficial, improving the system performance by opening the eye diagram at system output. Contrarily, in the normal propagation regime, presence of high gain compression coefficient (ε > 4 × 10–17 cm3) can strongly degrade the system performance by closing the eye diagram at system output. Finally, it is shown that the laser model with a combination of adiabatic and transient chirp with anomalous dispersion coefficient shows much better result in the saturated regime. This can be used to extend the transmission distance in optical communication.
When one disease is not enough: succinyl-CoA: 3-oxoacid coenzyme A transferase (SCOT) deficiency due to a novel mutation in OXCT1 in an infant with known phenylketonuria
Authors: Schwade Jan-Niclas , Endmann Matthias , Hofmann Thomas , Rust Stephan , Sass Jörn Oliver , Rutsch Frank 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA 9-month-old Turkish girl was admitted several times within 3 months to the hospital in reduced general condition and with extreme tachypnea. The patient had been diagnosed with phenylketonuria (PKU) in newborn screening and has been treated with a low phenylalanine diet and amino acid supplements. Each time an unexplained pronounced metabolic acidosis was noted, and the child was treated with sodium-bicarbonate and glucose-electrolyte infusions. The acidosis with only slightly abnormal glucose, normal lactate levels and pronounced ketonuria suggested a defect in ketone body utilization. Succinyl-CoA: 3-oxoacid CoA transferase (SCOT) enzyme activity was low in patient’s fibroblasts. Mutation analysis of the corresponding
A Dynamic Formation Procedure of Information Flow Networks
Authors: Gao Hongwei , Qiao Han , Sedakov Artem , Wang Lei 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA characterization of the equilibrium of information flow networks and the dynamics of network formation are studied under the premise of local information flow. The main result of this paper is that it gives the dynamic formation procedure in the local information flow network. The research shows that core-periphery structure is the most representative equilibrium network in the case of the local information flow without information decay whatever the cost of information is homogeneous or heterogeneous. If the profits and link costs of local information flow networks with information decay are homogeneous empty network and complete network are typical equilibrium networks, which are related to the costs of linking.
A Study on the Optimal Portfolio Strategies Under Inflation
Authors: Yu Mei , Gao Qian , Liu Zijian , Zhou Yike , Ralescu Dan 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis paper tests the inflation hedging ability of four categories of important financial assets in China: Commodity futures, real estate, gold and industry stock and select the assets that have significant inflation hedging effect. Then the authors construct the mean-variance model under the inflation factor, using the selected assets to construct the inflation hedging portfolio, solving the model and obtain the optimal investment strategy with inflation protection function. The result shows that the portfolio constructed by the model have more stable real returns and its inflation hedging ability can be even better if the short selling restriction of stocks is eliminated.
Dynamics of a Nonlinear Business Cycle Model Under Poisson White Noise Excitation
Authors: Li Jiaorui , Li Shuang 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSeveral observations in real economic systems have shown the evidence of non-Gaussianity behavior, and one of mathematical models to describe these behaviors is Poisson noise. In this paper, stationary probability density of a nonlinear business cycle model under Poisson white noise excitation has been studied analytically. By using the stochastic averaged method, the approximate stationary probability density of the averaged generalized FPK equations are obtained analytically. The results show that the economic system occurs jump and bifurcation when there is a Poisson impulse existing in the periodic economic system. Furthermore, the numerical solutions are presented to show the effectiveness of the obtained analytical solutions.
Can Financial Shortages in China’s Education Be Contagious?
Authors: Gu Jiafeng , Shen Tiyan , Zhang Jiadong 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe full models are estimated by spatial econometric models using county-level data from 1513 Chinese counties. The results indicate the existence of spatial contagion effects among local governments with respect to spending on local education. Financial shortages in education tend to be contagious; they affect counties or regions in geographic proximity. Contagion occurs due to three different fundamental causes: Intergovernmental competition, political economy and neighborhood watch. The possibility of contagion depends strongly on education investment, financial and economic conditions, cultural diversity, urban/rural distribution, and population structure. Poor counties are much more likely to become “infected” by neighboring financial behavior in education. The empirical evidence suggests that the speed of contagion is faster in economically underdeveloped areas than in economically developed areas.
Hyper-Russellian Skepticism
Authors: Torrengo Giuliano 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe hyper-Russellian skeptic is someone who thinks that only one of all your experiences was, is, and will ever be conscious. Which one? The very one you are having now. Before you were always a zombie, and you will be a zombie for ever after. In the present literature on the metaphysics of passage of time, there is disagreement on whether our feeling that time passes — the “dynamic flavor” of our ordinary experience — provides support to the A-theory, that is, the thesis that the passage of time is an objective feature of reality. Lately, several philosophers have argued against this idea. In this paper I want to push this line of reasoning further by exploiting the hyper-Russellian scenario against the A-theory of time.
Crystal structure of diaqua-catena-poly[diaqua-bis(μ2-5-(4-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)phenyl)tetrazol-2-ido-κ2
N:N′)cobalt(II)] dihydrate, C20H24CoN14O4
Authors: Ling-Yun Xin , Hai-Yan Zhang , Guang-Zhen Liu 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
C20H24CoN14O4, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 7.797(2) Å, b = 8.766(3) Å, c = 9.709(3) Å, α = 73.554(7)°, β = 86.460(7)°, γ = 78.537(7)°, V = 623.7(3) Å3, Z = 1, R
gt(F) = 0.0303, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0752, T = 293(2) K.
Crystal structure of methyl 1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-4-methoxy-5-oxopyrrolidine-3-carboxylate, C14H16FNO4
Authors: Chebbi Hammouda , Guesmi Abderrahmen , Driss Ahmed 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
C14H16FNO4, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 10.189(4) Å, b = 7.742(2) Å, c = 17.240(5) Å, β = 94.50(1)°, V = 1355.8(7) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0420, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1183, T = 295 K.
Once Again, They Have a Word for It: Greeks Talk about Our Global Age
Authors: Epitropoulos Mike-Frank , Markoff John 
Published: August 2017

AbstractFrom its beginnings in eighteenth-century revolution through the great global wave of democratizations that began in the 1970s, the term “democracy” has been used in many different ways but always referred to a form of self-rule of a defined people on a defined territory. The very obvious web of transnational interconnection had by the late twentieth century raised important questions about what democracy could mean in the global era. Everyday speech in Greece has for several decades been taking note of this by referring to the President of the United States as the Planetarch, a major figure whom they had no role in selecting. We use interviews from just before the elections of 2008 that brought Barack Obama to office to explore what Greeks mean by this term and conclude by showing that it provides a framework for them to talk about his successor, President Donald Trump, as well.
Thinking Globally: Reassessing the Fields of Law, Politics and Economics in the US Academy
Authors: Darian-Smith Eve 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn the United States, students of law, politics and economics are primarily trained to think in terms of state-centric analytical frameworks. This essay argues that this training is anachronistic and does not adequately prepare students for the complex geopolitics of the 21st century. Of course, not all scholarship in these disciplines can be characterized in this way since each discipline has its own internal disputes and scholarly innovations. That being said, a mainstream state-centric approach dominates the literature and the curriculum in most law, politics and economics departments. The first part of the essay describes the rise of law schools and the establishing of political science and economics disciplines in the late 19th century. It explores the implications of these disciplines’ claim to do “scientific” research. It argues that this claim continues to bind the disciplines to a state-centric framework which in turn provides obstacles to developing new theories and methods.
Interrupted amperometry: the new possibilities in electrochemical measurements
Authors: Semenova Ekaterina , Navolotskaya Daria , Ermakov Sergey 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Interrupted amperometry is a new highly sensitive method for diffusion current measuring. The main feature of the proposed technique is the use of capacitive current as the analytical signal together with the faradaic current. The conventional electrical circuit for amperometric measurements is complemented by a switcher that enables periodical interruption of the circuit. The technique was successfully applied for direct amperometric determination of lead, cadmium and iron ions, phenol and hydroquinone; for determination of dichromate ion via titration; for determination of dissolved oxygen in water by Clark-type sensor. In all the mentioned cases the achieved values of analytical characteristics are significantly better than for conventional amperometric methods. There are limitations and perspectives of the proposed technique considered.
Scale-up of high specific activity 186gRe production using graphite-encased thick 186W targets and demonstration of an efficient target recycling process
Authors: Balkin Ethan R. , Gagnon Katherine , Dorman Eric , Emery Robert , Li Yawen , Wooten A. Lake , Smith Bennett E. , Strong Kevin T. , Pauzauskie Peter J. , Fassbender Michael E. , Cutler Cathy S. , Ketring Alan R. , Jurisson Silvia S. , Wilbur D. Scott 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Production of high specific activity 186gRe is of interest for development of theranostic radiopharmaceuticals. Previous studies have shown that high specific activity 186gRe can be obtained by cyclotron irradiation of enriched 186W via the 186W(d,2n)186gRe reaction, but most irradiations were conducted at low beam currents and for short durations. In this investigation, enriched 186W metal targets were irradiated at high incident deuteron beam currents to demonstrate production rates and contaminants produced when using thick targets. Full-stopping thick targets, as determined using SRIM, were prepared by uniaxial pressing of powdered natural abundance W metal or 96.86% enriched 186W metal encased between two layers of graphite flakes for target material stabilization. An assessment of structural integrity was made on each target preparation. To assess the performance of graphite-encased thick 186W metal targets, along with the impact of encasing on the separation chemistry, targets were first irradiated using a 22 MeV deuteron beam for 10 min at 10, 20, and 27 μA, with an estimated nominal deuteron energy of 18.7 MeV on the 186W target material (after energy degradation correction from top graphite layer). Gamma-ray spectrometry was performed post EOB on all targets to assess production yields and radionuclidic byproducts. The investigation also evaluated a method to recover and recycle enriched target material from a column isolation procedure. Material composition analyses of target materials, pass-through/wash solutions and recycling process isolates were conducted with SEM, FTIR, XRD, EDS and ICP-MS spectrometry. To demonstrate scaled-up production, a graphite-encased 186W target made from recycled 186W was irradiated for ~2 h with 18.7 MeV deuterons at a beam current of 27 μA to provide 0.90 GBq (24.3 mCi) of 186gRe, decay-corrected to the end of bombardment. ICP-MS analysis of the isolated 186gRe solution provided data that indicated the specific activity of 186gRe in this scaled-up production run was 2.6±0.5 GBq/μg (70±10 Ci/mg).
The effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on short-interval intracortical inhibition and intracortical facilitation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Biabani Mana , Aminitehrani Maryam , Zoghi Maryam , Farrell Michael , Egan Gary , Jaberzadeh Shapour 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is increasingly being used to affect the neurological conditions with deficient intracortical synaptic activities (i.e. Parkinson’s disease and epilepsy). In addition, it is suggested that the lasting effects of tDCS on corticospinal excitability (CSE) have intracortical origin. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine whether tDCS has any effect on intracortical circuits. Eleven electronic databases were searched for the studies investigating intracortical changes induced by anodal (a) and cathodal (c) tDCS, in healthy individuals, using two paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) paradigms: short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) and intracortical facilitation (ICF). Additionally, motor-evoked potential (MEP) size alterations, assessed by single-pulse TMS, were extracted from these studies to investigate the probable intracortical origin of tDCS effects on CSE. The methodological quality of included studies was examined using Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) and Downs and Black’s (D&B) assessment tools. Thirteen research papers, including 24 experiments, were included in this study scoring good and medium quality in PEDro and D&B scales, respectively. Immediately following anodal tDCS (a-tDCS) applications, we found significant decreases in SICI, but increases in ICF and MEP size. However, ICF and MEP size significantly decreased, and SICI increased immediately following cathodal tDCS (c-tDCS). The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis reveal that a-tDCS changes intracortical activities (SICI and ICF) toward facilitation, whereas c-tDCS alters them toward inhibition. It can also be concluded that increases and decreases in CSE after tDCS application are associated with corresponding changes in intracortical activities. The results suggest that tDCS can be clinically useful to modulate intracortical circuits.
Will Procurement Officials be Biased to Disregard Procurement Rules in Favor of a Low-priced, Albeit Defective, Bid?
Authors: Dekel Omer , Dotan Yoav 
Published: August 2017

AbstractTo what extent are professional decision-makers in the field of public procurement susceptible to cognitive biases? Recent research found a bias in favor of the lower bidder when ranking competing bids (Dekel and Schurr 2014, “Cognitive Biases in Government Procurement – an Experimental Study with Real Bid Evaluators,” 10(2)Review of Law and Economics169–200). In the present research we examine this question regarding another stage of the public procurement process – the qualification stage. To this end, we conducted a series of experiments with the participation of procurement officials in situations that closely resemble their daily work. Our main finding is that even though procurement officials are susceptible to a cognitive bias when they have to score competing bids, they overcome that bias when asked to decide whether to qualify faulty or questionable bids. We cautiously ascribe this difference to the different types of decision-making involved, and suggest further explorations of these insights.
3D printing: Of signs and objects
Authors: Perkins-Buzo John 
Published: August 2017

Abstract3D printing has surely come of age. Widely available, and integrated into many computer-based design and animation curricula, it almost seems to have become a simple extension of what we already had in 2D printing. A 2D image (e.g., of a pipe) acts as the basis of a sign, which, perhaps upon further twists of the semiotic spiral, may lead one to cognition of a 3D physical pipe. But then, perhaps not. And only in a rare case would the physical pipe in turn find use as a sign of the aforesaid 2D image. With 3D printing, this order of semiosis no longer applies. Since 3D printing mainly occurs as a non-mass-production manufacturing technique, a 3D-printed artifact acts as a physical object – and generally it is printed to act precisely in that manner. It is a being that has an ontic difference from its digital source. The case of 3D printing provides an intriguing, complex, case study for semiosis, since the printables move in and out of the virtual and physical.
Christliche Explikationen in der Gesetzgebung Justinians I.
Authors: Piepenbrink Karen 
Published: August 2017

Abstract:The paper examines the extent and role of Christian explications in Justinian’s imperial legislation – beyond the programmatic formulations in the prologues of the novels which have often been studied. It shows that the significance of Christian arguments in order to justify legal measures is rather limited and unspecific, while traditional arguments which are based on Roman law discourse are still of great importance. These are often neither transformed in a Christian way nor synthesized with Christian ideas. This is true for the whole reign of Justinian and thereby not restricted to the period of Tribonian. Since 541/542 A. D. there is just a gradual but not fundamental change in this respect. Though Justinian focuses very much on a theological foundation of his reign he has to meet the expectations of the members of the senatorial elite which are legally trained and often deeply rooted in Roman memorial culture.
Bourdieu, Weber und Rational Choice: Versuch einer Weiterentwicklung des religiösen Feldmodells am Beispiel Chinas
Authors: Broy Nikolas 
Published: August 2017

ZusammenfassungDer vorliegende Beitrag versucht eine Weiterentwicklung des religiösen Feldmodells des französischen Soziologen Pierre Bourdieu, welches dieser auf der Grundlage der Vorarbeiten Max Webers aufgestellt hat. Am Beispiel der vielseitigen religiösen Landschaft Chinas werde ich zeigen, dass dieses Modell jedoch nur bedingt erklärungsfähig ist, da es (1) die Rolle des Staates und staatlicher Akteure bei der Ausformulierung des religiösen Feldes ausblendet und (2) die von Weber übernommenen vier Akteurstypen bzw. Feldpositionen die Komplexität religiöser Interaktionen in China nicht abbilden können. Ausgehend von dieser Beobachtung werde ich auf die regulative und domestizierende Macht des Staates eingehen und zeigen, dass das religiöse Feld Chinas als Oligopol oder Polypol zu verstehen ist. Des Weiteren werde ich unter Rückgriff auf die chinesische Religionsgeschichte eine detaillierte Differenzierung der Feldpositionen vornehmen und dabei v. a. auf die unterschiedlichen Interessen und Commitments der „Laien“ eingehen.