bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Types of Planar Chiral [2.2]Paracyclophanes and Construction of One‐Handed Double Helices
Authors: Morisaki Yasuhiro , Sawada Risa , Gon Masayuki , Chujo Yoshiki 
Published: August 2016

AbstractNew types of planar chiral (Rp)‐ and (Sp)‐4,7,12,15‐tetrasubstituted [2.2]paracyclophanes were synthesized from racemic 4,12‐dihydroxy[2.2]paracyclophane as the starting compound. Regioselective dibromination and transformation afforded a series of planar chiral (Rp)‐ and (Sp)‐4,7,12,15‐tetrasubstituted [2.2]paracyclophanes, which can be used as chiral building blocks. In this study, left‐ and right‐handed double helical structures were constructed via chemoselective Sonogashira–Hagihara coupling. The double helical compounds were excellent circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) emitters with large molar extinction coefficients, good photoluminescence quantum efficiencies, and large CPL dissymmetry factors.
A Doubly Zwitterionic Antiaromatic [28]Hexaphyrin Formed upon Deprotonation of 5,20‐Di(N‐methyl‐4‐pyridinium)‐Substituted [28]Hexaphyrin
Authors: Naoda Koji , Osuka Atsuhiro 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA rectangular 5,20‐di(4‐pyridyl) [26]hexaphyrin was reduced with NaBH4 to give the corresponding twisted Möbius aromatic [28]hexaphyrin. Subsequent double N‐methylation gave a dicationic 5,20‐di(N‐methyl‐4‐pyridinium) [28]hexaphyrin, which was converted to a doubly zwitterionic and Hückel antiaromatic [28]hexaphyrin upon deprotonation with sodium methoxide.
Alignment Motion Control for an Automated Human Ear Surgery via Vision‐Servoing
Authors: Gao Wenchao , Liang Wenyu , Tan Kok Kiong 
Published: August 2016

AbstractTo treat a worldwide common ear disease called Otitis Media with Effusion, a robotic device allowing fast and automatic grommet tube insertion has been designed in our earlier works. However, the previous version has to be manually placed close to the tympanic membrane before the insertion procedures. For the purpose of realizing a fully automated surgical process, locating and realizing a suitable insertion path from outside the ear forms a crucial step. It is then desirable to control the working channel to be aligned to the axial direction of auditory canal from the vision channel. In this paper, a fast and robust vision‐based servomechanism is proposed to achieve the planar alignment. To detect and track the region of auditory canal through the image sequences, an image segmentation algorithm based on the phase information and combining with the hough transformation technique is proposed. With the help of Kalman filter, a new look‐and‐move servomechanism can be achieved by utilizing the visual and motion measurements simultaneously, resulting in an effective and robust servoing performance.
Real‐Time Leak Isolation Based on State Estimation with Fitting Loss Coefficient Calibration in a Plastic Pipeline
Authors: Navarro Adrian , Begovich Ofelia , Sánchez Juan , Besancon Gildas 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis paper presents a leak isolation methodology using a fitting loss coefficient calibration. Two stages are considered for this purpose: First, the equivalent straight length (ESL) is fixed by an model‐base observer designed as an extended Kalman filter. Once the leak is detected, the previous observer is stopped and the second system, based on an algebraic observer, is started with the ESL value fixed by the previous observer. Finally, the estimated leak position is recovered in original coordinates since the observer deal with ESL coordinates. In order to tackle the friction variations problem, the so‐called Swamee‐Jain equation is embedded explicitly, instead of a constant parameter as in other studies. The approach assumes only flow and pressure sensors at the ends of the duct. Experimental results with data obtained from a plastic pipeline prototype are presented to assess the method efficiency.
A Delay‐Dependent Approach to Robust Fast Adaptive Fault Estimation Design for Uncertain Neutral Systems with Time‐Varying Interval Delay
Authors: You Fuqiang , Li Hui , Wang Fuli , Guan Shouping 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis paper studies the problem of robust fault estimation for neutral systems, which are subjected to uncertainties, actuator fault, time‐varying interval delay, and norm‐bounded external disturbance. Based on the fast adaptive fault estimation (FAFE) algorithm, we focus on the design of a fault estimation filter that guarantees stability in the filtering error system with a prescribed H∞ performance. A novel Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional is employed, which includes time delay information. A delay‐dependent criterion of robust fault estimation design is obtained by employing the free‐weighting matrices technique, and the proposed result has advantages over some existing results, in that it is less conservative and it enlarges the application scope. An improved sufficient condition for the existence of such a filter is proposed in terms of the linear matrix inequality (LMI) by the Schur complements and the cone complementary linearization algorithm. Finally, illustrative examples are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Messtechnische Herausforderungen bei der Analyse von hochdynamischen Aufprallbeanspruchungen
Authors: Kühn Tino , Schmitt Daniel , Millon Oliver , Häntzschel Thomas , Stolz Alexander , Curbach Manfred , Thoma Klaus 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDas Verständnis von Impaktvorgängen auf Stahlbetonstrukturen ist von grundlegender Bedeutung für die Auslegung von Bauwerken in Hinblick auf die Bewertung außergewöhnlicher Belastungssituationen, wie beispielsweise Steinschlag oder aber Fahrzeug‐ oder Flugzeuganprall. Bei hohen Verzerrungsraten, die sich bei derartigen Belastungen im Bauteil einstellen, wird ein anderes Material‐ und Werkstoffverhalten beobachtet als unter quasi‐statischen Einwirkungen. Dieses äußert sich zum Beispiel durch eine Zunahme der Festigkeit bei steigender Verzerrungsrate. Daher ist eine Analyse und Bewertung des Tragverhaltens von Bauteilen unter derartigen Belastungszuständen geboten, um das Tragverhalten auf Material‐ und Bauteilebene zu ermitteln und Tragreserven erkennen zu können. Eine entsprechende Methodik und der Einsatz geeigneter Messtechnik sind dafür essenzielle Voraussetzungen.Der vorliegende Aufsatz richtet seinen Fokus auf die messtechnischen Methoden und die Herausforderungen bei schnell ablaufenden Belastungsvorgängen. Am Beispiel der experimentellen Untersuchung von Stahlbetonplatten unter Impakt, bei denen Belastungszeiten von wenigen μs und ms auftreten, werden der Versuchsaufbau und die Mess‐ und Analysesysteme in Hinblick auf die Messmethoden und die erzielten Messergebnisse beschrieben. Die Ermittlung von Zeitverläufen bzgl. der Impaktgeschwindigkeit, der Reaktionskräfte, des Verformungsverhaltens sowie auch der Bestimmung von Schallwellengeschwindigkeiten innerhalb des Bauteils erfordert eine entsprechend hohe Abtastrate bei der Signalaufzeichnung. Diese Ergebnisse ermöglichen letztlich eine ganzheitliche Bewertung des Strukturverhaltens und der Schädigungsphänomene.
Stress and Risky Decision Making: Cognitive Reflection, Emotional Learning or Both.
Authors: Simonovic Boban , Stupple Edward J. N. , Gale Maggie , Sheffield David 
Published: August 2016

AbstractStressful situations hinder judgement. Effects of stress induced by anticipated public speaking on the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) were examined. The Cognitive Reflection Test (CRT) was used to examine the relationship between reflective thinking and IGT performance. The stress manipulation increased blood pressure and was associated with poorer IGT and CRT performance. Stressed participants were slower to avoid the disadvantageous decks. Moreover, CRT scores correlated with optimal deck selections indicating the importance of reflective thinking for good performance on the IGT. These correlations were observed in relatively early trials, which challenges the view that analytic thinking is not important when card contingencies are being learned. Data revealed that IGT performance in healthy individuals is not always optimal; stress levels impair performance. A mediation analysis was consistent with the proposal that the stress manipulation reduced IGT performance by impeding reflective thinking. Thus, reflective processing is an important explanation of IGT performance in healthy populations. It was concluded that more reflective participants appear to learn from the outcomes of their decisions even when stressed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Orange light‐emitting Ca3Mg3(PO4)4:Sm3+ phosphors
Authors: Nair Govind B. , Dhoble S. J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis work reports the photoluminescence properties of Ca3Mg3(PO4)4:Sm3+ phosphors that were synthesized by the combustion method. The phase formation and morphology of the prepared phosphors were analysed by X‐ray diffraction studies and scanning electron microscopy. Ca3Mg3(PO4)4:Sm3+ phosphors give orange light emission when excited by near‐ultraviolet (NUV) and blue light. The photoluminescence characteristics of the as‐prepared phosphors were investigated and their emission spectra showed three peaks due to 4G5/2 → 6H5/2, 4G5/2 → 6H7/2 and 4G5/2 → 6H9/2 transitions. The mechanism responsible for the concentration quenching of luminescence was found to be an electric dipole–dipole interaction. The CIE chromaticity coordinates suggested that the prepared phosphors are potential candidates for orange light‐emitting diodes (LEDs).
Prolidase‐proline dehydrogenase/proline oxidase‐collagen biosynthesis axis as a potential interface of apoptosis/autophagy
Authors: Zareba Ilona , Palka Jerzy 
Published: August 2016

AbstractProlidase is a cytosolic imidodipeptidase that specifically splits imidodipeptides with C‐terminal proline or hydroxyproline. The enzyme plays an important role in the recycling of proline from imidodipeptides for resynthesis of collagen and other proline‐containing proteins. The mechanism of prolidase‐dependent regulation of collagen biosynthesis was found at both transcriptional and post‐transcriptional level. The increase in the enzyme activity is due to its phosphorylation on serine/threonine residues. Prolidase‐dependent transcriptional regulation of collagen biosynthesis was found at the level of NF‐κB, known inhibitor of type I collagen gene expression. Proline dehydrogenase/proline oxidase (PRODH/POX) is flavin‐dependent enzyme associated with the inner mitochondrial membrane. The enzyme catalyzes conversion of proline into Δ1‐pyrroline‐5‐carboxylate (P5C), during which reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced, inducing intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways. Alternatively, under low glucose stress, PRODH/POX activation produces ATP for energy supply and survival. Of special interest is that PRODH/POX gene is induced by P53 and peroxisome proliferator‐activated gamma receptor (PPARγ). Among down‐regulators of PRODH/POX is an oncogenic transcription factor c‐MYC and miR‐23b*. On the other hand, PRODH/POX suppresses HIF‐1α transcriptional activity, the MAPK pathway, cyclooxygenase‐2, epidermal growth factor receptor and Wnt/b‐catenin signaling. PRODH/POX expression is often down‐regulated in various tumors, limiting mitochondrial proline utilization to P5C. It is accompanied by increased cytoplasmic level of proline. Proline availability for PRODH/POX‐dependent ATP or ROS generation depends on activity of prolidase and utilization of proline in process of collagen biosynthesis. Therefore, Prolidase‐PRODH/POX‐Collagen Biosynthesis axis may represent potential interface that regulate apoptosis and survival. © 2016 BioFactors, 42(4):341–348, 2016
Ubiquinol‐10 supplementation improves autonomic nervous function and cognitive function in chronic fatigue syndrome
Authors: Fukuda Sanae , Nojima Junzo , Kajimoto Osami , Yamaguti Kouzi , Nakatomi Yasuhito , Kuratsune Hirohiko , Watanabe Yasuyoshi 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the benefit of oral ubiquinol‐10 supplementation in CFS patients using an open‐label study and a randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled (RCT) study. Twenty patients with CFS were randomly enrolled in an 8‐week open‐label oral ubiquinol‐10 (150 mg ubiquinol‐10/day) study. The patients and the attending physicians were not blinded to the supplementation. Forty‐three patients with CFS were randomly assigned to receive either ubiquinol‐10 (150 mg/day) or placebo every day for 12 weeks. The patients and the attending physicians were blinded to the supplementation, and a total of 31 patients (N = 17 in the ubiquinol group and 14 in the placebo group) completed the study. The beneficial effects of ubiquinol‐10 were observed in the open‐label study we conducted prior to the RCT. The RCT results suggest that supplementation with ubiquinol‐10 for 12 weeks is effective for improving several CFS symptoms. © 2016 BioFactors, 42(4):431–440, 2016
Homooligomeric β3(R)‐valine peptides: Transformation between C14 and C12 helical structures induced by a guest Aib residue
Authors: Vasantha Basavalingappa , George Gijo , Raghothama Srinivasarao , Balaram Padmanabhan 
Published: August 2016

AbstractNovel helical, structures unprecedented in the chemistry of α‐polypeptides, may be found in polypeptides containing β and γ amino acids. The structural characterization of C12 and C14‐helices in oligo β‐peptides was originally achieved using conformationally constrained cyclic β‐residues. This study explores the conformational characteristics of proteinogenic β3 residues in homooligomeric sequences and addresses the issue of inducing a transition between C14 and C12 helices by the introduction of a guest α‐residue. Folded C14‐helical structures are demonstrated for the nonapeptide Boc‐[β3(R)Val]9‐OMe by NMR methods in CDCl3‐DMSO mixtures, while the peptide was found to be aggregated in CDCl3. The insertion of a guest Aib residue into an oligo‐β‐valine sequence in the octapeptide model Boc‐[(β3(R)Val)3‐Aib‐(β3(R)Val]4‐OMe results in well dispersed NH region in the NMR spectrum indicating folded structures in CDCl3. Structure calculations for both the peptides using NOE distance constraints support a C14 helical structure in the homooligomer which transform into a C12 helix on introduction of the guest Aib residue.
Serum metabolic changes in rats after intragastric administration of dextromethorphan
Authors: Bao Shihui , Zhang Jing , Lin Zixia , Su Ke , Mo Jingjing , Hong Lin , Qian Shuyi , Chen Lianguo , Sun Fa , Wen Congcong , Wu Qing , Hu Lufeng , Lin Guanyang , Wang Xianqin 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDextromethorphan is recognized as a substance of abuse around the world. An estimated 3.1 million people between the ages of 12 and 25 years (5.3%) misused over‐the‐counter cough and cold medications in 2006. In this study, we developed a serum metabolomic method by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) to evaluate the effect of abuse of dextromethorphan on rats. The dextromethorphan‐treated rats were given 12, 24 and 48 mg/kg (low, medium, high) of dextromethorphan by intragastric administration each day for 3 days. Partial least squares‐discriminate analysis revealed that intragastric administration of dextromethorphan induced metabolic perturbations. Compared with the control (healthy) group, the levels of propanoic acid, urea, heptafluorobutanoic acid, 2‐hexyldecanoic acid and butanedioic acid of the low group decreased; levels of propanoic acid and heptafluorobutanoic acid of the medium group decreased, while that of benzoic acid increased; and levels of 2‐hexyldecanoic acid, glycerol and butanedioic acid of the high group increased. These biomarkers are involved in the citric acid cycle, urea cycle, glycerolipid metabolism and tricarboxylic acid cycle. The results indicate that the metabolomic method by GC–MS may be useful to elucidate abuse of dextromethorphan. According to the pathological changes in the liver at different dosages, dextromethorphan is not hepatotoxic after intragastric administration of 12, 24 and 48 mg/kg for 3 days.
Analysis of prognostic factors for pancreatic head cancer according to para‐aortic lymph node
Authors: Lin Jian‐yu , Zhang Xing‐mao , Kou Jian‐tiao , Fa Hua , Zhang Xin‐xue , Dai Yang , He Qiang 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis study was designed to investigate the relationship between prognosis of pancreatic head cancer and status of para‐aortic lymph node (PALN). A total of 233 patients with pancreatic head cancer who underwent surgical resection between February 2008 and October 2015 were enrolled in this study. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to reveal the prognostic factors. Prognostic factors for patients with and without metastasis of PALN were analyzed, respectively. The 5‐year overall survival (OS) rate was 19.0% for all patients, and the positive rate of PALN metastasis was 18.9% (44/233). The 1‐, 2‐, 3‐, and 5‐year OS rates in patients without metastasis of PALN were 79.4%, 54.8%, 36.4%, and 22.9%, respectively, whereas the 1‐, 2‐, and 3‐year survival rates were 54.0%, 14.8%, and 0%, respectively, in patients with metastasis of PALN. Preoperative CA19‐9 level, tumor size, T status, N status, and adjuvant therapy were independent prognostic factors for all patients confirmed by multivariate analysis. For patients without PALN metastasis, back pain, tumor size, T status, N status, portal or superior mesenteric vein invasion, and adjuvant therapy were independent prognostic factors, while the only one influence factor for 2‐year OS was adjuvant therapy for patients with metastasis of PALN. Metastasis of PALN was associated with poor prognosis for patients with pancreatic head cancer. Patients with and without metastasis of PALN had different prognostic factors, and adjuvant therapy was the only prognostic factor for patients with metastasis of PALN.
Lactate Formation in Primary and Metastatic Colon Cancer Cells at Hypoxia and Normoxia
Authors: Graboń Wojciech , Otto‐Ślusarczyk Dagmara , Chrzanowska Alicja , Mielczarek‐Puta Magdalena , Joniec‐Maciejak Ilona , Słabik Krzysztof , Barańczyk‐Kuźma Anna 
Published: August 2016

High glucose consumption and lactate synthesis in aerobic glycolysis are a hallmark of cancer cells. They can form lactate also in glutaminolysis, but it is not clear how oxygen availability affects this process. We studied lactate synthesis at various oxygen levels in human primary (SW480) and metastatic (SW620) colon cancer cells cultured with L‐Ser and/or L‐Asp. Glucose and lactate levels were determined colorimetrically, amino acids by HPLC, expression of AST1‐mRNA and AST2‐mRNA by RT‐PCR.In both lines glucose consumption and lactate synthesis were higher at 10% than at 1% oxygen, and lactate/glucose ratio was increased above 2.0 by L‐Asp.AST1‐mRNA expression was independent on oxygen and cell line, but AST2‐mRNA was lower at hypoxia in SW480.We conclude that, in both cell lines at 1% hypoxia, lactate is formed mainly from glucose but at 10% normoxia also from L‐Asp. At 10% normoxia, lactate synthesis is more pronounced in primary than metastatic colon cancer cells.
Catalytic Addition of Fluorinated Benzoic Acids to Butadiene
Authors: Maji Tapan , Maliszewski Mary L. , Smith Mary K. , Tunge Jon A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe rhodium‐catalyzed addition of polyfluorobenzoic acids to butadiene led to a range of branched and linear allylic esters, with preference for the formation of the branched isomer. This method provided branched fluorinated esters in an atom‐economical catalytic addition reaction. The observation that the yield of the addition product depended on the acidity of the starting acid led to the hypothesis that the addition reaction was reversible and thus thermodynamically controlled. Deuterium‐labeling and crossover experiments supported this hypothesis. Ultimately, the dependence of yield on the pKa as reported in this paper may help to guide approaches to high‐yielding additions of acids to dienes.
Rational Design and Synthesis of SnOx Electrocatalysts with Coralline Structure for Highly Improved Aqueous CO2 Reduction to Formate
Authors: Li Yanan , Qiao Jinli , Zhang Xia , Lei Tao , Girma Abel , Liu Yuyu , Zhang Jiujun 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSeveral catalyst materials composed of tin oxide composites (SnOx) with a novel coralline structure are synthesized by using a facile hydrothermal self‐assembly process. The catalysts are then used to prepare a SnOx/GDL (gas diffusion layer) electrode for CO2 electroreduction to formate in 0.5 m KHCO3 aqueous solution. Influential factors, such as hydrothermal synthesis temperature (T)/time (Δt) and the valence state of Sn in the SnOx nanocatalysts, on both catalysts’ morphologies, and Faradaic efficiency for formate production are investigated systematically. By using a SnOx(100–8)/GDL electrode (i.e. T and Δt are 100 °C and 8 h, respectively) as the cathode, the high maximum faradaic efficiency of 87.1 % is achieved at a controlled potential of −1.6 V, which is superior to all the reported SnOx and Sn/SnOx catalysts in the literature. By combining X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction analysis, the coralline‐structured SnOx is observed to be composed of SnO and SnO2, where the SnO is covered by a SnO2 film about 1–2 nm thick, which makes a contribution to the catalytically active sites for CO2 electroreduction. This coralline‐structured SnOx exhibits high durability, as evaluated by a stable catalytic current density of approximately 10 mA cm−2 over 20 h of continuous operation. This work highlights the controlling role of the correct morphology and the valence state of tin oxide on formate formation during CO2 reduction in aqueous solution.
Porous Pt Aggregates Deposited on a Carbon Nanotube Film with High Catalytic Activity and Durability
Authors: Chen Yun , Wang Xiao Xia , Li Bing , Huang Xin Xin , Wang Jian Nong 
Published: August 2016

AbstractFor decades, the low durability of Pt‐based catalysts has hindered the application of fuel cells. Here, Pt catalysts with different morphologies and porous structures are prepared by electrochemical deposition on a carbon nanotube film without the use of any surfactants or templates. The Pt particles with spherical, flower‐like, and cubic morphologies consist of fine polyhedron‐ and flake‐shaped Pt crystals. Owing to the presence of faceted crystals, the Pt particles are assembled with porous frame structures. As an example of potential applications, such Pt crystals are demonstrated to have high catalytic activity and durability in hydrogen oxidation and oxygen reduction reactions under harsh electrochemical cycling conditions. Even in the case of the largest particles consisting of fine polyhedrons, the catalytic performance is much superior to that of a commercial Pt/C catalyst. Therefore, this study suggests a new strategy for morphology control of Pt catalysts and their performance optimization.