bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond the Pharmacists’ Patient Care Process: Cultivating Patient Care Practitioners by Utilizing the Pharmaceutical Care Framework
Authors: Kolar Claire , Hager Keri D. , Losinski Victoria 
Published: January 2018

The adoption of a standard pharmacists’ patient care process (PPCP) for the profession, and inclusion of the PPCP in the ACPE Standards 2016, are positive steps for pharmacy education and creates consistency among pharmacy practitioners, regardless of practice setting. The PPCP, and its implications for practice, needs to continue to be embraced by educators and emphasized with students. The PPCP should be the patient care process taught to students and integrated throughout didactic courses and experiential experiences. However, teaching the PPCP or a particular service, such as Medication Therapy Management (MTM) or Comprehensive Medication Management (CMM), is not enough. The patient care process must be taught as one component of pharmaceutical care. Without also learning the philosophy of practice and practice management systems, student pharmacists will not be prepared for the realities of practice. Pharmacists are taking on new roles, getting paid in new ways, and in positions to take responsibility for a patient’s medication-related needs. Student pharmacists need to be in a position to take advantage of these opportunities as they progress throughout their careers.
Conflict of Interest
We declare no conflicts of interest or financial interests that the authors or members of their immediate families have in any product or service discussed in the manuscript, including grants (pending or received), employment, gifts, stock holdings or options, honoraria, consultancies, expert testimony, patents and royalties.

Type: Idea Paper
Potentially Actionable Targets: Evidence Standards for Credible Next Generation Sequencing Technology Assessment Claims
Authors: Langley Paul C 
Published: January 2018

Despite considerable resources devoted to developing databases to support competitive credible claims for next generation sequencing (NGS) claims, we have yet to meet the standards required in health technology assessment to support such claims. The purpose of this commentary is to consider options open in establishing claims for NGS recommendations. Although NGS platforms offer potential promise in improving clinical outcomes, supporting cost-effectiveness and reducing the overall cost of care in target populations, this has yet to be demonstrated on a scale that is likely to satisfy reimbursers and health care decision makers. Issues addressed include (i) the importance of credible, evaluable and replicable claims from individual NGS platforms; (ii) the difficulties in moving beyond broad-brush claims for improved survival; (iii) the standards required for an NGS evidence base; (iv) protocol designs in establishing the independent contribution of NGS actionable therapy recommendations to outcomes claims; (v) the role of NGS registries; and (vi) protocols to support ongoing credible, evaluable and replicable claims in target patient populations. The critical issue is not analytical and clinical validity but clinical utility. This has yet to be demonstrated.

Type: Commentary
Use of Class Facebook Groups to Disseminate Evidence-Based Study Tips
Authors: Ryan Gina J , Augustine Jill 
Published: January 2018

Objective: The purpose of this preliminary project was to determine the effectiveness of college administrators using Facebook® (FB) to disseminate information on study methods. Innovation: Eleven study tips in the format of riddles were posted in class FB groups as memes with links that lead to the riddle answers. Between 3.2-39.7% of students clicked on the links that accessed riddle answers. In a survey, 53.8% of respondents found the memes at least somewhat useful and 57.6% reported that they somewhat liked, liked, or liked them a lot. The average score on a study method knowledge assessment increased from 50% to 64%. Critical Analysis: The ratings of usefulness and likeability varied. However, students’ knowledge about the topic increased. Administrators considering using FB to share academic advice should post sparingly, begin posting when groups are initially formed and post early during the academic term.
Conflict of Interest
We declare no conflicts of interest or financial interests that the authors or members of their immediate families have in any product or service discussed in the manuscript, including grants (pending or received), employment, gifts, stock holdings or options, honoraria, consultancies, expert testimony, patents and royalties.

Type: Note
Patients’ Perception of a Community Pharmacist-Managed Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Program in Peru: A Public Health Perspective
Authors: O'Brien Sean , Downey Jacy 
Published: January 2018

Objectives: The primary objective is to investigate the public’s perception about the role of the community pharmacist in Peru’s directly observed treatment, short course (DOTS) program. The secondary objective is to assess perceived barriers that would prevent the public from utilizing community pharmacists in order to identify future opportunities for community pharmacists to increase adherence to multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) therapy. Design: Qualitative study comprised of an 8 close-ended survey questionnaire.
Setting: Healthcare clinics established by a medical mission group in Lima and surrounding communities, Peru, from July 13 to July 27, 2015. Participants: Patients 15 years of age and over who sought healthcare at the clinics. Main outcome measures: Public’s perception about the role of the community pharmacist in Peru and barriers that would prevent the public from seeking a community pharmacist. Results: Out of the 445 patients approached, 438 patients completed the survey, resulting in a 98% response rate. More than half (52%) of the respondents were likely to seek a community pharmacist to assist them in completing a MDR-TB medication regimen. Almost half (48%) of the respondents felt comfortable with assistance of a community pharmacist in completing an MDR-TB regimen. The physician was the first health care professional that was contacted for all medical situations, including drug-related questions (61%). Lack of privacy in the pharmacy (53%) and busyness of the pharmacists (52%) were the top perceived barriers for asking community pharmacists questions. Conclusion: This study highlights the need for pharmacist participation in Peru’s DOTS program. Furthermore, this investigation has identified several issues of concern related to current community pharmacy practice in Peru. Therefore, future efforts may be necessary to address these identified areas of opportunity to promote the community pharmacist’s role in health screening, drug therapy monitoring, and counseling to decrease the public health burden of MDR-TB.
Conflict of Interest
We declare no conflicts of interest or financial interests that the authors or members of their immediate families have in any product or service discussed in the manuscript, including grants (pending or received), employment, gifts, stock holdings or options, honoraria, consultancies, expert testimony, patents or royalties.

Type: Original Research
Description of Discordance Between LDL Cholesterol, Non-HDL Cholesterol, and LDL Particle Number Among Patients of a Lipid Clinic
Authors: Gaborcik Joshua W , Snider Melissa J , Hevezi Margueritte , Wehr Allison , Sharma Kavita 
Published: January 2018

Background: While LDL cholesterol measures the cholesterol content within an LDL particle (LDL-P), it may not reflect LDL-P concentrations. If discordance exists, LDL-P may better predict cardiovascular events compared to LDL-C and non-HDL cholesterol (non-HDL-C). In primary prevention patients, discordance has been associated with diabetes, ethnicity, gender, metabolic syndrome, and smoking history.
Objective: To describe discordance in patients of a lipid clinic by exploring associations between patient characteristics and discordance among LDL-C, non-HDL-C, or LDL-P. Secondarily to compare proportion of patients with baseline concordance versus discordance who have ASCVD events, diagnoses of new onset diabetes or death.
Methods: A retrospective, single-center cohort study at a large academic medical center was conducted. Patients establishing care from January 2009 through December 2012 with complete initial labs were included. Logistic regression models were used to explore associations between discordance and patient characteristics.
Results: Of 603 patients screened, the final cohort included 166 patients with 104 (62.7%) discordant. LDL-P was the most common discordant value. Discordance was associated with gender, smoking status, use of lipid lowering medications, and achieving patient specific LDL-C goals. In terms of any event observed after initial measurements, no significant differences were detected between discordant and concordant groups.
Conclusion: Within a lipid clinic population, discordance was associated with male gender, smoking status, lipid-lowering therapy, and being at patient specific LDL-C goal. While associations were found in our population, clinicians should consider measuring LDL-P to fully assess presence or extent of discordance.
Conflict of Interest
We declare no conflicts of interest or financial interests that the authors or members of their immediate families have in any product or service discussed in the manuscript, including grants (pending or received), employment, gifts, stock holdings or options, honoraria, consultancies, expert testimony, patents and royalties.

Type: Original Research
Reflections from the Jury Box: Improving Evidence Based Practice through a Comparison with Our Legal System
Authors: Coppenrath Valerie 
Published: January 2018

Background: An experience serving jury duty prompted reflection on the parallels between evidenced based medicine and our legal system.
Findings: The steps of the legal system can be tied to each step of the practice of evidenced based medicine.
Implications: Patients should be included in evidence based decisions. Pharmacists can act as resources for other providers practicing evidenced based medicine. Educators can use this analogy to teach evidence based medicine.
Conflict of Interest
We declare no conflicts of interest or financial interests that the authors or members of their immediate families have in any product or service discussed in the manuscript, including grants (pending or received), employment, gifts, stock holdings or options, honoraria, consultancies, expert testimony, patents and royalties.

Type: Commentary
Should Pharmacy Technicians Administer Immunizations?
Authors: Atkinson Dylan , Adams Alex , Bright David 
Published: January 2018

Purpose. To describe the potential role for pharmacy technicians in administering immunizations – limited for this discussion to specifically inserting the needle into the patient’s arm and pressing down on the plunger – at the discretion of a supervising pharmacist as a way to enhance patient care and workflow efficiency.
Summary. Pharmacy technicians currently play an important role in facilitating pharmacy-based immunization programs. Technicians routinely perform non-clinical tasks related to pharmacy-based immunizations, though nearly all states prohibit technicians from administering vaccines. Several studies demonstrate that untrained laypersons can safely administer intranasal or intradermal vaccines, and laypersons routinely administer medications through intramuscular or subcutaneous routes (e.g., patients with diabetes or rheumatic conditions). It stands to reason that a trained pharmacy technician could perform comparably on these techniques that laypersons have mastered. One state has adopted rules to allow pharmacy technicians to administer immunizations if the technician has completed specific training on administration techniques and on basic life support. This task is performed at the discretion of the supervising pharmacist, and the pharmacist would still be responsible for clinical aspects of immunizing such as prescribing the right vaccine to the right patient. Additional considerations factoring into the decision as to whether or not to involve pharmacy technicians in immunization administration are also summarized.
Conclusion. If safety can be reasonably assured through training and supervision, it may be appropriate to delegate vaccine administration to appropriately trained pharmacy technicians. Such delegation may enhance workflow efficiency, which may confer added value for patient care and potentially improve access to community pharmacy-based immunizations.

Type: Commentary
La influencia del género en el camino hacia la educación superior
Authors: Valerio Nolasco Mayra Anaid 
Published: January 2018

El presente artículo muestra una perspectiva del camino hacia la Educación Superior a través del tiempo, mostrando como desde los inicios de la universidad, ha existido el Patriarcado dentro del entorno universitario, impidiendo que las mujeres tuvieran las mismas oportunidades de ingreso a este tipo de educación; de esta forma se fue construyendo desde lo simbólico, una ausencia de las mujeres en esta educación, buscando ellas alternativas para poder letrearse.
El Género, definido como “el conjunto de símbolos, representaciones, normas y valores sociales elaborados a partir de la diferencia sexual anatómico-fisiológica, dando sentido en general, a las relaciones entre las personas” (Blázquez, 2008), constata que, desde los inicios de la universidad, ha existido esa diferencia entre hombres y mujeres en el ingreso, permanencia y egreso de la Educación Superior, y aun cuando en la actualidad ha disminuido estadísticamente, se siguen arrastrando las secuelas de este fenómeno social.
Del mismo modo, aquí se plantea como las mujeres fueron ganando poco a poco terreno en el entorno intelectual a pesar de no ser aceptadas en las universidades, o en caso de ingresar, siendo “mal vistas” por el hecho de no dedicarse a los roles estereotipados impuestos por la sociedad, teniendo estas mujeres diferentes luchas no solo contra la imposición, sino también contra sí mismas.
Emprendimiento social femenino: una estrategia para el desarrollo
Authors: Acosta V. Silvia , Pedraza A. Elba M , Sánchez S. Yazmín A. 
Published: January 2018

La segregación de género en el ámbito laboral, aunado a la falta de oportunidades para acceder al empleo, son factores que contribuyen al desarrollo de actividades emprendedoras por parte de las mujeres mexicanas como una estrategia para mejorar su economía y en muchos de los casos, sus emprendimientos aportan a la generación de empleos y logro de objetivos sociales o medioambientales de comunidades generalmente excluidas.
Sin embargo, los emprendimientos femeninos no tienen la credibilidad de aquellos dirigidos por hombres, ni las mismas posibilidades de supervivencia y desarrollo en el mercado, toda vez que la creación de sus proyectos empresariales se fundamenta en las habilidades innatas femeninas y en su capacidad para conciliar trabajo y vida familiar, atendiendo más a una expectativa de mejora inmediata en los ingresos y en la calidad de vida, que a una contribución real a la economía. Adicionalmente, la falta de formación empresarial les impide ampliar su visión de negocios y limita sus posibilidades de contribuir al desarrollo de la economía.
De ahí que en este documento se expone la necesidad de desarrollar una propuesta formativa que además de fomentar la cultura emprendedora en mujeres hidalguenses apoye sus actividades de emprendimiento social, con el propósito de contribuir a solucionar problemas asociados a pobreza, inequidad y dificultad de acceso a empleo, entre otros y contribuir al desarrollo de su comunidad, mediante la puesta en marcha de negocios más productivos y de mayor rentabilidad, con participación en un mayor número de sectores de la economía y posibilidades de expansión.
Surgimiento y crecimiento de la industria aeroespacial en México
Authors: López Galindo Maricela , Pérez Rueda Silvia Ofelia 
Published: January 2018

En la industria aeroespacial, México cuenta con un potencial estratégico importante que deberá ser aprovechado como punta de lanza para el crecimiento de un nuevo sector de la economía nacional, no sólo por motivos de seguridad nacional sino también por razones económicas. Su implementación en un país puede generar beneficios, como inversiones iniciales y creación de empleo, vinculados a los flujos de conocimiento establecidos entre las Empresas. La cadena de valor de la industria aeroespacial se apoya actualmente en dos pilares primordiales: La descentralización de las actividades productivas e investigación y desarrollo y, la intensificación de asociaciones para compartir los riesgos entre las empresas integradoras y sus principales integradores.
El sector aeroespacial mexicano está conformado por empresas dedicadas a la manufactura, servicios de mantenimiento, reparación y operaciones, ingeniería y diseño, y servicios auxiliares (aerolíneas, laboratorios de pruebas y centros de capacitación, entre otros) para aeronaves de tipo comercial y militar, consolidándose como uno de los líderes globales en el sector aeroespacial, y su mercado se ha estimado del orden de los de 450 mil millones de dólares.
Diseño, construcción y estabilización de un sistema Bola-Balancín
Authors: López B. A. , Castillo N. C. , Cabrera L. A. , Vite L. , Villafuerte R. 
Published: January 2018

En este trabajo se presenta el diseño y la construcción de una plataforma experimental Bola-Balancín. Para el diseño mecánico se emplea la herramienta CAD SolidWorks, mientras que para la construcción física se utiliza una impresora 3D. Además, se aborda el problema de estabilización de dicha plataforma considerando desconocida la dinámica del sistema. La estrategia de control aplicada es la clásica ley de control PID, cuya sintonización se realiza empleando la segunda metodología propuesta por Ziegler-Nichols.
Diseño y control de un sistema balancín con motor y hélice de bajo costo
Authors: Castaño Hernández A. , Moreno Beltrán. J. P. , Hernández Pérez J. F. , Villafuerte Segura R. 
Published: January 2018

El presente trabajo es acerca del diseño y construcción de un banco de prueba conocido como sistema balancín. Así como de la implementación de una ley de control proporcional, integral, derivativa (PID) para la estabilización de dicho sistema. El banco de pruebas consta de dos barras (una horizontal y una vertical) ancladas entre sí a modo de balancín con un grado de libertad. Con el ﬁn de manipular la posición angular de la barra horizontal se instaló un motor con hélice a modo de actuador. Para la construcción del banco, se utilizaron materiales de bajo costo y relativa accesibilidad. El sensor para medir la posición angular es un potenciómetro colocado sobre el eje rotacional que funciona como divisor de tensión proporcionando un voltaje acorde al movimiento. Por otro lado, la estabilización del sistema se logra mediante la aplicación de una ley de control PID sintonizada mediante el método de asignación de polos. El control se implementó utilizando la herramienta LabVIEW, mientras que para la adquisición de datos se empleó una tarjeta NI MyRIO.
Fatigue behavior and mechanism of KMN in a very high cycle regime
Authors: Wang Pengfei , Wang Weiqiang , Zhang Ming , Li Jianfeng 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The fatigue behavior of KMN with different heat treatments (marked as S and I) used in compressor blades was investigated in a very high cycle fatigue regime. It was found that the S-N curve of KMN-I had a slow decline after 106 cycles, while the fatigue limit was observed in KMN-S. In order to explain the difference between the two steels, mechanical property tests, metallographic observation, and SEM analysis were carried out. The results showed that surface fractures were mostly observed in KMN-I, while interior cracks initiated from nonmetallic inclusions which were identified as MnS by SEM. In addition, the surface defects were simplified as cracks using fracture mechanics and the fatigue strength model with surface defects was modified, which proved to be more in agreement with the experimental results than the Murakami model.
Thermomechanical and acidic treatments to improve plasticization and properties of chitosan films: A comparative study of acid types and glycerol effects
Authors: Chenni Abdenour , Djidjelli Hocine , Boukerrou Amar , Grohens Yves , Saulnier Benjamin 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Plasticized and unplasticized chitosan films were successfully prepared by thermomechanical treatment, as a possible alternative route to solvent casting method. Acetic acid and lactic acid were used as solvents and glycerol was used as plasticizer with a fixed concentration of 25 wt.-%. The properties of the prepared samples were investigated demonstrating the effects of acid type and the addition of glycerol. Microstructure analysis results revealed a homogeneous and cohesive matrix, indicating a smooth surface without pores, cracks and irregularities. Unplasticized samples with lactic acid showed lower stiffness, higher elongation at break, more thermal stability, higher water uptake and water vapor permeability compared to the samples prepared with acetic acid. The introduction of glycerol affected all properties of the samples, but the samples prepared with lactic acid were more influenced. The rheological and mechanical properties (tensile strength and elongation at break) were improved when glycerol was added, resulting in a ductile behavior with a small plastic deformation and higher elongation at break compared to unplasticized films. On the other side, thermal properties were negatively affected by a decrease in the thermal stability. The water uptake and WVP measurements verified that the hydrophilic character of the material was enhanced by the addition of glycerol.
Efficient reduction of graphene oxide film by low temperature heat treatment and its effect on electrical conductivity
Authors: Hu Xuebing , Yu Yun , Chen Zheng , Zhang Xiaozhen , Wang Yongqing , Zhou Jianer 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Graphene-based conductive films have already attracted great attention due to their unique and outstanding physical properties. In this work, in order to develop a novel, effective method to produce these films with good electrical conductivity, a simple and green method is reported to rapidly and effectively reduce graphene oxide film using a low temperature heat treatment. The reduction of graphene oxide film is verified by XRD, FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy. Compared with graphene oxide film, the obtained reduced graphene oxide film has better electrical conductivity and its sheet resistance decreases from 25.3 kΩ × sq−1 to 3.3 kΩ × sq−1 after the heat treatment from 160 to 230 °C. The mechanism of thermal reduction of the graphene oxide film mainly results from the removal of the oxygen-containing functional groups and the structural changes. All these results indicate that the low temperature heat treatment is a suitable and effective method for the reduction of graphene oxide film.