bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Evaluation of Nasal Septoplasty Followed by Inferior Turbinate Cauterization for the Treatment of Nasal Obstruction using Objective and Subjective Methods
Authors: Valsamidis Konstantinos , Titelis Konstantinos , Rachovitsas Dimitrios , Konstantinidis Iordanis , Markou Konstantinos , Triaridis Stefanos 
Published: January 2018

Introduction Nasal septoplasty is considered the treatment of choice for nasal obstruction due to septal deviation. An ongoing discussion among rhinologists is whether it is reasonable to perform objective measurements of nasal patency pre or postoperatively routinely.
Objective The primary aim of this study was to identify the short- and long-term functional benefits for patients undergoing septal surgery, as assessed by acoustic rhinometry (AR). The secondary goal was to evaluate the short- and long-term perception of symptom relief and disease-specific quality of life (QoL) outcomes on the part of the patients.
Methods This was a prospective observational study in which AR was utilized for the assessment of nasal patency preoperatively and 1, 6 and 36 months after septoplasty. Total 40 patients who underwent septoplasty filled out the Nasal Obstruction Septoplasty Effectiveness (NOSE) questionnaire and the Glasgow Benefit Inventory (GBI) to assess their subjective improvement in nasal obstruction symptoms and the changes in their QoL.
Results There were statistically significant improvements in nasal patency, mean postoperative NOSE and GBI scores postoperatively. However, there was no correlation between the mean NOSE and GBI scores and the AR measurements. Furthermore, the GBI scores tended to decrease as the postoperative period increased.
Conclusion The present study confirms that septoplasty significantly increases nasal patency and causes a significant subjective improvement in nasal obstruction symptoms. The absence of a statistically significant correlation among the objective measurements, the symptom scores, and the patients' low GBI scores indicates that factors other than the anatomical findings may also contribute to the patients' perception of QoL.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Articular Cartilage within the Knee
Authors: Burge Alissa , Potter Hollis , Argentieri Erin 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides an effective and noninvasive means by which to evaluate articular cartilage within the knee. Existing techniques can be utilized to detect and monitor longitudinal changes in cartilage status due to injury or progression of degenerative disease. Quantitative MRI (qMRI) techniques can provide a metric by which to evaluate the efficacy of cartilage repair techniques and offer insight into the composition of cartilage and cartilage repair tissue. In this review, we provide background on MR signal generation and decay, the utility of morphologic MRI assessment, and qMRI techniques for the biochemical assessment of cartilage (dGEMRIC, T2, T2*, T1ρ, sodium, gagCEST). Finally, the description and utility of these qMRI techniques for the evaluation of cartilage repair are discussed.
Determining the chaotic behaviour of copper prices in the long-term using annual price data
Authors: Tapia Cortez C. A. , Coulton J. , Sammut C. , Saydam S. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMineral commodity prices are influenced by economic, technological, psychological, and geopolitical factors. Stochastic approaches, and time series and econometric techniques have been used to represent the dynamics of mineral commodity markets and predict prices. However, these techniques cannot provide a comprehensive representation of market dynamics because they do not recognise the relationship between these factors over time, and they are unable to capture both the evolution and the cumulative effects of these factors on prices. Stability of motion and chaos theories can detect sensitivity to initial conditions, and therefore the evolutionary patterns allowing a proper understanding and representation of mineral commodity market dynamics. Most of the techniques used to assess chaos require a colossal amount of data, so the use of small data sets to assess chaos has been largely criticised. Nevertheless, by definition, the dynamics of a chaotic system remain at different scales owing to its self-organisation features that exhibit ordered patterns in the absence of codes or rules. Therefore, any deterministic chaotic behaviour of mineral commodity prices can be captured by using small data sets if a detailed qualitative and quantitative analysis are carried out. This paper examines the chaotic behaviour of annual copper prices between 1900 and 2015. To do so, we combine chaos theory, stability of motion and statistical techniques to reconstruct the long-term dynamics of copper prices. First, we examine the time dependency and the presence of a strange attractor by a visual analysis of the time series and phase space reconstruction based on Takens’ theorem and determine embedding parameters. Then we examine the dynamic characteristics of the system which assesses its complexity and regularity patterns to measure the system’s entropy. Finally, we calculate the largest Lyapunov exponent λ to assess the sensitivity to initial conditions and determine chaotic behaviour supported by a surrogate test. We find that annual copper prices have a chaotic behaviour embedded in a high-dimensional space and short time delay. The study suggests that copper prices exhibit only a single state of low prices, which fluctuate through transitional periods of high prices. It challenges the assertion that metal markets have fluctuated over four major super cycles and debate the adequacy of stochastic and econometric models for representing mineral commodity market behaviour.This study recommends that the use of chaotic behaviour improves our understanding of mineral commodity markets and narrows the data searching, processing and monitoring requirements for forecasting. Therefore, it improves the performance of traditional techniques for selecting key factors that influence the market dynamics, and may also be used to select the most suitable algorithm for forecasting prices.
A Portuguese exception to right-wing populism
Authors: Quintas da Silva Rodrigo 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMany European countries have witnessed the rise of right-wing (nativist and authoritarian) populist parties over the last few years, which have gained significant votes and sometimes threatened the position of traditional parties. In Portugal, however, right-wing populism has failed to gain electoral support, and the populist discourse is scarcely found in Portuguese politics. In this comment, we offer four tentative hypotheses that explain why right-wing parties with a populist discourse are not present in Portugal: low levels of Eurospecticism, low immigration rates, lack of political space to develop, and lower engagement in communicating that same populism. We conclude that these dynamics create a special balance, and a rather specific political situation in Portugal that does not facilitate the spread of right-wing populism. This balance, we also argue, may be compromised if any of these dynamics suddenly change, potentially paving the way for right-wing populists in Portugal to achieve more political prominence.
Analysis and simulation of a new multi-component two-phase flow model with phase transitions and chemical reactions
Authors: Hantke Maren , Müller Siegfried 
Published: January 2018

A class-II-model for multi-component mixtures recently introduced in D. Bothe and W. Dreyer, Continuum thermodynamics of chemically reacting fluid mixtures, Acta Mech., 226 (2015), 1757–1805, is investigated for simple mixtures. Bothe and Dreyer were aiming at deriving physically admissible closure conditions. Here the focus is on mathematical properties of this model. In particular, hyperbolicity of the inviscid flux Jacobian is verified for non-resonance states. Although the eigenvalues cannot be determined explicitly but have to be computed numerically an eigenvector basis is constructed depending on the eigenvalues. This basis is helpful to apply standard numerical solvers for the discretization of the model. This is verified by numerical computations for two- and three-component mixtures with and without phase transition and chemical reactions.
Sequanix: a dynamic graphical interface for Snakemake workflows
Authors: Desvillechabrol Dimitri , Legendre Rachel , Rioualen Claire , Bouchier Christiane , van Helden Jacques , Kennedy Sean , Cokelaer Thomas 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Summary
We designed a PyQt graphical user interface—Sequanix—aimed at democratizing the use of Snakemake pipelines in the NGS space and beyond. By default, Sequanix includes Sequana NGS pipelines (Snakemake format) (http://sequana.readthedocs.io), and is also capable of loading any external Snakemake pipeline. New users can easily, visually, edit configuration files of expert-validated pipelines and can interactively execute these production-ready workflows. Sequanix will be useful to both Snakemake developers in exposing their pipelines and to a wide audience of users.

Availability and implementation
Source on http://github.com/sequana/sequana, bio-containers on http://bioconda.github.io and Singularity hub (http://singularity-hub.org).

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Corrections of fish school area and mean volume backscattering strength by simulation of an omnidirectional multi-beam sonar
Authors: Trygonis Vasilis , Kapelonis Zacharias 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Fish school descriptors extracted from omnidirectional multi-beam data are biased due to beam width-related effects, and echotraces are distorted in a range-dependent manner that is a function of transducer intrinsic properties, as well as fish school characteristics. This work investigates a simulation approach that models the three-dimensional insonification of fish schools by an omnidirectional fishery sonar in order to assess the bias in measuring two key morphometric and energetic descriptors, namely the horizontal cross-sectional area of schools and their mean volume backscattering strength. Simulated fish schools of different sizes and backscattering properties were insonified at various ranges from the multi-beam transducer, outputting volume backscattering strength echograms. The simulated data were used to develop empirical models that correct the examined descriptors using only information extracted from the observed echotraces. Depending on the difference between the observed mean volume backscattering strength of a school and the echogram processing threshold, mean absolute percentage errors in measured area and volume backscatter reduced from 100.7% and 79.5% to 5.2% and 6.4%, respectively. The mean volume backscattering strength of a school is a key parameter for obtaining fish density estimates, and the results highlight the need for descriptor corrections to better interpret the multi-beam data.
Citizenship Education for a Segregated Nation
Authors: McRae Elizabeth Gillespie 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
In the 1920s from Athens, Georgia, Mildred Lewis Rutherford called on white southerners to ensure that the public school maintained racial segregation and the curriculum provided a white supremacist citizenship education. She encouraged white women, the United Daughters of the Confederacy, and the United Confederate Veterans to monitor public education and to make public schools a site for the reproduction of white supremacy. If Jim Crow represented the wisdom of the age, then educators were the political nurturers of the system, and children were the repositories of their efforts. White women did their job. They censored textbooks, promoted Confederate-friendly interpretations of the Civil War, conducted essay contests, offered programs to public schoolteachers, and lobbied state textbook selection committees. They also joined Margaret Robinson and other anti-radical women across the nation to promote Americanization. White segregationist women guaranteed that white children learned the lessons of Jim Crow citizenship.
Campaigning for a Jim Crow South
Authors: McRae Elizabeth Gillespie 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
In the interwar period, Florence Sillers Ogden, Mary Dawson Cain, and Cornelia Dabney Tucker, segregationists in the Deep South, capitalized on their enfranchisement to mobilize voters to shape the system of Jim Crow at the polls. They encouraged women to uphold segregation through political parties, but their politics were as varied as the Jim Crow order they sought to serve. Ogden supported President Franklin Roosevelt and the New Deal for helping out Mississippians and for following the dictates of racial segregation. Cain opposed the Roosevelt’s expansion of social services and worked against the national party as a Jeffersonian Democrat. After Roosevelt’s proposal to re-organize the Supreme Court, Tucker organized a national anti–court-packing campaign, became a Republican, and lobbied for a secret ballot in South Carolina. These women criticized state-level officials for sacrificing conservative political principles for political gain and nourished the seeds of partisan dissent in the Solid South.
Units of measurement, dimensions, and dimensional analysis
Authors: Escudier Marcel 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
In this chapter the crucial role of units and dimensions in the analysis of any problem involving physical quantities is explained. The International System of Units (SI) is introduced. The major advantage of collecting the physical quantities, which are included in either a theoretical analysis or an experiment, into non-dimensional groups is shown to be a reduction in the number of quantities which need to be considered separately. This process, known as dimensional analysis, is based upon the principle of dimensional homogeneity. Buckingham’s Π theorem is introduced as a method for determining the number of non-dimensional groups (the Π’s) corresponding with a set of dimensional quantities and their dimensions. A systematic and simple procedure for identifying these groups is the sequential elimination of dimensions. The scale-up from a model to a geometrically similar full-size version is shown to require dynamic similarity. The definitions and names of the non-dimensional groups most frequently encountered in fluid mechanics have been introduced and their physical significance explained.
Bernoulli’s equation
Authors: Escudier Marcel 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
In this chapter Newton’s second law of motion is used to derive Euler’s equation for the flow of an inviscid fluid along a streamline. For a fluid of constant density ρ Euler’s equation can be integrated to yield Bernoulli’s equation: p + ρgz′ + ρV2 = p T which shows that the sum of the static pressure p, the hydrostatic pressure ρgz and the dynamic pressure ρV2/2 is equal to the total pressure p T. The combination p + ρV2/2 is an important quantity known as the stagnation pressure. Each of the terms on the left-hand side of Bernoulli’s equation can be regarded as representing different forms of mechanical energy and also equivalent to the hydrostatic pressure due to a vertical column of liquid. The dynamic pressure can be thought of as measuring the intensity or strength of a flow and is frequently combined with other fluid and flow properties to produce non-dimensional (or dimensionless) numbers which characterise various aspects of fluid motion.
Compressible pipe flow
Authors: Escudier Marcel 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
In this chapter gas flow through pipes is analysed, taking account of compressibility and either friction or heat exchange with the fluid. It is shown that in all cases the key parameter is the Mach number. The analyses are based upon the conservation laws for mass, momentum, and energy, together with an equation of state. So that significant results can be achieved, the flowing fluid is treated as a perfect gas, and the flow as one dimensional. Adiabatic pipe flow with wall friction is termed Fanno flow. Frictionless pipe flow with heat transfer is termed Rayleigh flow. It is found that both flows, and also isothermal pipe flow with wall friction, can be limited by choking.
Laminar boundary layers
Authors: Escudier Marcel 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
This chapter starts by introducing the concept of a boundary layer and the associated boundary-layer approximations. The laminar boundary-layer equations are then derived from the Navier-Stokes equations. The assumption of velocity-profile similarity is shown to reduce the partial differential boundary-layer equations to ordinary differential equations. The results of numerical solutions to these equations are discussed: Blasius’ equation, for zero-pressure gradient, and the Falkner-Skan equation for wedge flows. Von Kármán’s momentum-integral equation is derived and used to obtain useful results for the zero-pressure-gradient boundary layer. Pohlhausen’s quartic-profile method is then discussed, followed by the approximate method of Thwaites. The chapter concludes with a qualitative account of the way in which aerodynamic lift is generated.
Bonobo baby dominance: Did female defense of offspring lead to reduced male aggression?
Authors: Walker Kara , Hare Brian 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The dominance style of bonobos presents an evolutionary puzzle. Bonobos are not male dominant but female bonobos do not show traits typical of female-dominant species. This chapter proposes the offspring dominance hypothesis (ODH) as a potential solution. ODH suggests the social system of bonobos evolved as a defence against infanticide and is not due to pressure to monopolize resources. Females that prevented aggression towards offspring and preferred mating with less aggressive males were most successful. Supporting ODH, during observations at Lola ya Bonobo Sanctuary it was found that: 1) adult male bonobos are rarely aggressive towards offspring with mothers, 2) some mother-reared juvenile bonobos attain rank higher than adult males and 3) mother-reared offspring often socially interact with adult males without their mothers nearby. These preliminary findings provide initial support that the bonobo social system evolved due to fitness advantages of effectively protecting offspring against consequences of male aggression. Le style de dominance des bonobos présente un puzzle évolutionnaire. Les bonobos ne sont pas dominés par les mâles mais les bonobos femelles ne montrent pas les traits caractéristiques d’une espèce dominée par femelles. On propose l’hypothèse de dominance de progéniture (ODH) comme une solution potentielle. La ODH suggère que le système social des bonobos a évolué en défense contre l’infanticide et pas sous pression pour la monopolisation des ressources. Les femelles qui préviennent l’agression vers leur progéniture et leur préférence d’accouplement avec des mâles moins agressives étaient très efficaces. À l’appui de la ODH on a trouvé pendant nos observations à Lola ya Bonobo Sanctuary que: 1) les mâles adultes bonobos agressent rarement vers les bébés avec mères, 2) quelques adolescents bonobos qui furent élevés par leurs mères atteignent un rang plus haut que les mâles adultes et 3) la progéniture élevée par la mère interagissent avec avec d’adultes mâles sans la présence de leur mère. Ces trouvailles préliminaires donnent appuie à l’hypothèse que le système social des bonobos a évolué par les avantages corporelles de la protection de la progéniture contre les conséquences de l’agression mâle.
Socializing Early Skills for Remembering Through Parent–Child Conversations During and After Events
Authors: Haden Catherine A. , Marcus Maria , Jant Erin 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
In this chapter, we provide an overview of how conversations children have with their parents about events—both as they unfold and after they have occurred—can affect children’s memory for personal experiences. We begin with a discussion of the ways parents reminisce with their children about past experiences and the implications of individual differences in reminiscing styles for children’s developing event and autobiographical memory skills. Then we turn to consider how parent–child conversations as events unfold can influence understanding, encoding, and subsequent remembering. We conclude by drawing attention to potential multiplicative effects of different types of event talk for children’s learning and remembering, and how parent–child conversations during and after events may support children’s deliberate memory skills.
Memory Conformity Following Collaborative Remembering
Authors: Gabbert Fiona , Wheeler Rebecca 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Despite natural differences in the way individuals initially remember the same encoded event, research shows that when people discuss their memories they can influence each other such that their subsequent individual memory reports become similar. This phenomenon is referred to as “memory conformity.” It can occur because people accept, and later report, information that is suggested to them in the course of the discussion. In the interest of both theoretical and applied implications, researchers have investigated factors that can increase and decrease the memory conformity effect. This chapter presents methodological approaches to investigating memory conformity, typical research findings, and current theoretical explanations that help account for the phenomenon.
Collaborative Remembering and Reminiscence in Older Adults
Authors: Henkel Linda A. , Kris Alison 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
This chapter explores the ways in which remembering alone or with others shapes what older adults remember and what they forget, and how such memory activities impact their mental health and well-being. Two related but largely separate bodies of research on older adults are examined, one using a primarily laboratory approach to understand how and when collaborative remembering helps or hinders memory, and the other using descriptive and correlational studies about the functions and values of reminiscing and sharing one’s personal memories with other people. We examine the use and value of reminiscence in healthy community-dwelling older adults, as well as in older adults with some degree of cognitive impairment living in long-term care nursing facilities.
Collaborative Processes in Neuropsychological Interviews
Authors: McVittie Chris , McKinlay Andy 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Acts of remembering are often social events and not entirely internal matters. Yet typically neuropsychological interviews are treated as a means of assessing cognitive abilities and impairments of the individual patient with little attention paid to the context within which the patient produces or fails to produce an act of remembering. Using discourse analysis, we examine data from interviews with patients diagnosed as having two forms of memory impairment, namely dense amnesia and momentary confabulation. Outcomes of memory failure on the tasks set are seen to be joint achievements of interviewers and interviewees. Interviewers are not passive in these encounters but active participants. Their contributions, along with patients’ descriptions and other interactional elements, comprise collaborative processes in neuropsychological interviews.