bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amino acid transporter SLC6A14 is a novel and effective drug target for pancreatic cancer
Authors: Coothankandaswamy V , Cao S , Xu Y , Prasad P D , Singh P K , Reynolds C P , Yang S , Ogura J , Ganapathy V , Bhutia Y D 
Published: October 2016

Background and PurposePancreatic cancer is a solid tumour that is often fatal. Hence, there is an urgent need to identify new drug targets for this disease. Highly proliferating cancer cells have an increased demand for nutrients and, therefore, need to up‐regulate selective amino acid transporters. Here, we investigated which amino acid transporters are up‐regulated in pancreatic cancer and whether any of these transporters has potential as a drug target for this fatal disease.Experimental ApproachThe expression of amino acid transporters in pancreatic cancer was analysed using publicly available microarray datasets, and the findings with the transporter SLC6A14 were validated by mRNA and protein analysis. The potential of SLC6A14 as a drug target was evaluated using a pharmacological blocker in vitro and in vivo.Key ResultsSLC6A14 was up‐regulated several fold in patient‐derived xenografts, primary tumour tissues and pancreatic cancer cells lines compared to normal pancreatic tissue or normal pancreatic epithelial cells. The magnitude of the up‐regulation of SLC6A14 was the highest among the amino acid transporters examined. A pharmacological blocker of SLC6A14, α‐methyltryptophan, induced amino acid starvation in pancreatic cancer cells and reduced the growth and proliferation of these cells, both in vitro and in vivo.Conclusion and ImplicationsThe salient features of this study are that SLC6A14 is markedly up‐regulated in pancreatic cancer and that pharmacological blockade of this transporter interferes with amino acid nutrition and reduces growth and proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells. These findings identify SLC6A14 as a novel druggable target for pancreatic cancer.
Anionic chlorido(triphenyl)tin(IV) bearing N‐phthaloylglycinato or 1,2,4‐benzenetricarboxylato 1,2‐anhydride ligands: potential cytotoxic and apoptosis‐inducing agents against several types of cancer
Authors: Hübner Denise , Kaluđerović Milena R. , Gómez‐Ruiz Santiago , Kaluđerović Goran N. 
Published: October 2016

Two ionic triphenyltin(IV) chloride carboxylate compounds of the formula [NHEt3][Ph3SnCl(L)] [LH = N‐phthaloylglycine (P‐GlyH), 1; 1,2,4‐benzenetricarboxylic 1,2‐anhydride (BTCH), 2] were tested for the in vitro activity against 518A2 (melanoma), FaDu (head and neck carcinoma), HT‐29 (colon cancer), MCF‐7 (breast carcinoma), and SW1736 (thyroid cancer) cell lines. The ammonium salts of the carboxylic acids are found to be not active, while anionic [Ph3SnCl(L)]− exhibited high cytotoxicity in nM range, both higher activity and selectivity than cisplatin. Compounds 1 and 2 are inducing apoptosis, which was proved with the morphological and biochemical features such as membrane blebbing, translocation of phosphatidylserine, and DNA fragmentation. Thus, accumulation of cells in sub‐G1 phase is observed. Both anionic organotin(IV) compounds showed potent cytotoxic and apoptotic properties against five cancer cell lines of various histogenetic origin.
Numerical magnitude processing impairments in genetic syndromes: a cross‐syndrome comparison of Turner and 22q11.2 deletion syndromes
Authors: Brankaer Carmen , Ghesquière Pol , De Wel Anke , Swillen Ann , De Smedt Bert 
Published: October 2016

AbstractCross‐syndrome comparisons offer an important window onto understanding heterogeneity in mathematical learning disabilities or dyscalculia. The present study therefore investigated symbolic numerical magnitude processing in two genetic syndromes that are both characterized by mathematical learning disabilities: Turner syndrome and 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS). We further verified whether the phenotypic outcomes of these syndromes emerged from the same or different cognitive processes and therefore examined whether numerical impairments were related to working memory deficits, often observed in these syndromes. Participants were 24 girls with Turner syndrome, 25 children with 22q11DS and 48 well‐matched typically developing control children. All children completed a symbolic numerical magnitude comparison task and four additional working memory tasks. Both groups of children with genetic syndromes showed similar impairments in symbolic numerical magnitude processing compared to typically developing controls. Importantly, in Turner syndrome, group differences in symbolic numerical magnitude processing disappeared when their difficulties in visual‐spatial working memory were taken into account. In contrast, the difficulties in 22q11DS were not explained by poor visual‐spatial working memory. These data suggest that different factors underlie the symbolic numerical magnitude processing impairments in both patient groups with mathematical learning disabilities and highlight the value of cross‐syndrome comparisons for understanding different pathways to mathematical learning disabilities or dyscalculia.
Navigating through apertures: perceptual judgements and actions of children with Developmental Coordination Disorder
Authors: Wilmut Kate , Du Wenchong , Barnett Anna L. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPassing through a narrow gap/aperture involves a perceptual judgement regarding the size of the gap and an action to pass through. Children with DCD are known to have difficulties with perceptual judgements in near space but whether this extends to far space is unknown. Furthermore, in a recent study it was found that adults with DCD do not scale movements when walking through an aperture in the same way as their peers. The current study, therefore, considered perceptual judgements and motor behaviour of children with DCD while looking at or walking through apertures. Twenty‐nine children with DCD and 29 typically developing (TD) children took part. In Experiment 1, participants completed a perceptual task, where they made passability judgements. Children with DCD showed a significantly smaller critical ratio (aperture size at which a participant first rotates the shoulders to pass through) compared to their TD peers. In Experiment 2, participants completed an action task where they walked through the same apertures. Children with DCD showed a significantly larger critical ratio than TD peers when body size alone was accounted for. Taken together these results suggest that perception within a static context is different from that within a dynamic context for children with DCD. However, despite this difference we have demonstrated a clear relationship between perception and action in children with DCD. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at: https://youtu.be/SABXFrAJtF8
Across space and time: infants learn from backward and forward visual statistics
Authors: Tummeltshammer Kristen , Amso Dima , French Robert M. , Kirkham Natasha Z. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis study investigates whether infants are sensitive to backward and forward transitional probabilities within temporal and spatial visual streams. Two groups of 8‐month‐old infants were familiarized with an artificial grammar of shapes, comprising backward and forward base pairs (i.e. two shapes linked by strong backward or forward transitional probability) and part‐pairs (i.e. two shapes with weak transitional probabilities in both directions). One group viewed the continuous visual stream as a temporal sequence, while the other group viewed the same stream as a spatial array. Following familiarization, infants looked longer at test trials containing part‐pairs than base pairs, although they had appeared with equal frequency during familiarization. This pattern of looking time was evident for both forward and backward pairs, in both the temporal and spatial conditions. Further, differences in looking time to part‐pairs that were consistent or inconsistent with the predictive direction of the base pairs (forward or backward) indicated that infants were indeed sensitive to direction when presented with temporal sequences, but not when presented with spatial arrays. These results suggest that visual statistical learning is flexible in infancy and depends on the nature of visual input.
Little Bayesians or little Einsteins? Probability and explanatory virtue in children's inferences
Authors: Johnston Angie M. , Johnson Samuel G.B. , Koven Marissa L. , Keil Frank C. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractLike scientists, children seek ways to explain causal systems in the world. But are children scientists in the strict Bayesian tradition of maximizing posterior probability? Or do they attend to other explanatory considerations, as laypeople and scientists – such as Einstein – do? Four experiments support the latter possibility. In particular, we demonstrate in four experiments that 4‐ to 8‐year‐old children, like adults, have a robust latent scope bias that leads to inferences that do not maximize posterior probability. When faced with two explanations equally consistent with observed data, where one explanation makes an unverified prediction, children consistently preferred the explanation that does not make this prediction (Experiment 1), even if the prior probabilities are identical (Experiment 3). Additional evidence suggests that this latent scope bias may result from the same explanatory strategies used by adults (Experiments 1 and 2), and can be attenuated by strong prior odds (Experiment 4). We argue that children, like adults, rely on ‘explanatory virtues’ in inference – a strategy that often leads to normative responses, but can also lead to systematic error.
Visualization of Twitter Data in the Classroom
Authors: Sigman Betsy Page , Garr William , Pongsajapan Robert , Selvanadin Marie , McWilliams Mindy , Bolling Kristin 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTThe expression “big data” is ubiquitous in the business world today, but few undergraduate business students have the opportunity to gain practical experience with how new business analytics tools can be used in decision making. This article describes a set of hands‐on labs that prepare students to incorporate streaming data analysis into group research projects. Splunk is used to help students analyze and visualize streaming social media data. An evaluation of student projects and student survey results show that this practical approach of training students to manipulate and visualize big data was largely successful in achieving instructional goals.
The Impact of Emotions on Student Achievement in Synchronous Hybrid Business and Public Administration Programs: A Longitudinal Test of Control‐Value Theory*
Authors: Butz Nikolaus T. , Stupnisky Robert H. , Pekrun Reinhard , Jensen Jason L. , Harsell Dana M. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTSynchronous hybrid delivery (simultaneously teaching on‐campus and online students using Web conferencing) is becoming more common in higher education. However, little is known about students’ emotions in these environments. Although often overlooked, emotions are fundamental antecedents of success. This study longitudinally examined the role of students’ emotions (enjoyment, anxiety, and boredom), perceptions of control, value, and success in synchronous hybrid learning environments. In particular, the investigation assessed students’ self‐reported enjoyment, anxiety, and boredom as predictors of their program achievement and successful technology use. Students were recruited from synchronous hybrid MBA and MPA programs. Control‐value theory of emotions was used as the theoretical framework. Paired samples t‐tests revealed that the achievement domain, compared to the technology domain, yielded higher mean scores for control, value, enjoyment, anxiety, and boredom. In addition, mixed ANOVAs indicated an interaction effect in which group means for program boredom were significantly higher for on‐campus students than for online students. Intercorrelations in each domain showed that perceived success was positively related to enjoyment and negatively related to anxiety and boredom. Technology‐related anxiety was also found to fully mediate the positive effect of control on perceived success in using technology.
The minimum wage and the Lithuanian labour market
Authors: Bartkus Algirdas 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis paper presents a comprehensive and non‐standard labour market analysis based on univariate and multivariate models for wages. The novelty of this paper lies in the use of non‐normalized cointegrating vectors for labour market analysis. Wages are the basis of labour market models, as well as the key factor for employees and employers; therefore, the central analytical axis is a classical wage bargaining process, where one side requires and the other side proposes a certain level of wages. Analysis is divided into two parts: foremost, a careful analysis of Lithuanian wages is conducted and a univariate model for the investigation of interactions between the minimum wage and the rest of the wages is proposed; only after the minimum wage model is drafted can the multivarate model for the whole economy be built up. Briefly, the methodology used in this article can be annotated as a synthesis of sequential theoretical and empirical considerations that combine the results of theoretical macroeconomics with data‐generating patterns and stylized facts. The model is considered as the final one only if macro‐theory preconditions, statistical prerequisites, and stylized real‐world requirements are met and fulfilled. In addition, this article gives an example and a quantitatively, as well as qualitatively, motivated suggestion as to how to incorporate minimum wages into econometric models and puts forward an explanation for why it is necessary to include minimum wage dynamics into labour market analysis. The article is nothing but an empirical case study that demonstrates how many minor details have to be taken into account until a realistic labour market model is built up. Although the paper deals with the labour market, the suitable application of time series methods is the main subject of the analysis.
Low‐cycle fatigue behaviour of ductile closed‐cell aluminium alloy foams
Authors: Linul E. , Şerban D. A. , Marsavina L. , Kovacik J. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis work investigates the fatigue response of a class of ductile closed‐cell aluminium alloy foams, known by their commercial name Alulight M8. In order to determine the yield stress of the used foams, preliminary experimental tests were performed, at room temperature, in monotonic compression on cylindrical specimens of 25 mm diameter and 25 mm height, with a loading speed of 10 mm/min. Fatigue tests were performed in uniaxial compression on cylindrical specimens (25 mm × 25 mm) with a stress ratio of R = 0.1, at a frequency of 10 Hz. The peak stress was varied from 110 to 135% of the yield stress in compression. Tested specimens were cut from the same cylindrical bar, and the density of the investigated material was 500 kg/m3 ± 10%, or a total of 18 specimens being investigated. With the gathered experimental data, S–N curve was generated, and the effect of cellular structure (e.g. structure irregularity–the number and the size of cells) being investigated and discussed.
Right choice, right time: Evaluation of an online decision aid for youth depression
Authors: Simmons Magenta B. , Elmes Aurora , McKenzie Joanne E. , Trevena Lyndal , Hetrick Sarah E. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundAppropriate treatment for youth depression is an important public health priority. Shared decision making has been recommended, yet no decision aids exist to facilitate this.ObjectivesThe main objective of this study was to evaluate an online decision aid for youth depression.DesignAn uncontrolled cohort study with pre‐decision, immediately post‐decision and follow‐up measurements.Setting and ParticipantsYoung people (n=66) aged 12‐25 years with mild, mild‐moderate or moderate‐severe depression were recruited from two enhanced primary care services.InterventionOnline decision aid with evidence communication, preference elicitation and decision support components.Main outcome measuresThe main outcome measures were ability to make a decision; whether the decision was in line with clinical practice guidelines, personal preferences and values; decisional conflict; perceived involvement; satisfaction with decision; adherence; and depression scores at follow‐up.ResultsAfter using the decision aid, clients were more likely to make a decision in line with guideline recommendations (93% vs 70%; P=.004), were more able to make a decision (97% vs 79%; P=.022), had significantly reduced decisional conflict (17.8 points lower (95% CI: 13.3‐22.9 points lower) on the Decisional Conflict Scale (range 0‐100)) and felt involved and satisfied with their decision. At follow‐up, clients had significantly reduced depression symptoms (2.7 points lower (95% CI: 1.3‐4.0 points lower) on the Patient Health Questionnaire nine‐item scale (range 0‐27)) and were adherent to 88% (95% CI: 82%‐94%) of treatment courses.Discussion and ConclusionsA decision aid for youth depression can help ensure evidence‐based, client‐centred care, promoting collaboration in this often difficult to engage population.
Potassium‐sodium citrate prevents the development of renal microcalculi into symptomatic stones in calcium stone‐forming patients
Authors: Unno Rei , Taguchi Kazumi , Okada Atsushi , Ando Ryosuke , Hamamoto Shuzo , Kubota Yasue , Zuo Li , Tozawa Keiichi , Kohri Kenjiro , Yasui Takahiro 
Published: October 2016

ObjectivesTo evaluate the effect of potassium‐sodium citrate on the development of computed tomography‐detected renal microcalculi into symptomatic stones in calcium stone‐forming patients.MethodsPatients (aged 20–80 years) with history of calcium component stones who visited Nagoya City Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan, between April 2009 and June 2014 were included. They were retrospectively divided into those who did not receive potassium‐sodium citrate (non‐citrate group, n = 157) and those who did (citrate group, n = 60). For patients in both groups, we evaluated blood and urine biochemistry and sediment, number of computed tomography‐detected microcalculi, number of asymptomatic microcalculi disappearances, and pain events. Observations were made at study initiation and 12 months later.ResultsThe citrate group showed a significantly increased urine pH (P < 0.001) and daily citrate excretion (P < 0.001) over the study period. The non‐citrate group showed increased numbers of microcalculi at study completion (P = 0.002); over the same period, the number of microcalculi in the citrate group decreased significantly (P = 0.03). Additionally, multivariable analysis showed more asymptomatic microcalculi disappearances (odds ratio 2.84, 95% confidence interval 1.49–5.39) and fewer pain events (odds ratio 0.37, 95% confidence interval 0.16–0.72) in the citrate group than in the non‐citrate group. A sex‐adjusted analysis showed more asymptomatic microcalculi disappearances (odds ratio 3.96, 95% confidence interval 1.57–10.02) and fewer pain events (odds ratio 0.22, 95% confidence interval 0.07–0.70) in women than in men after citrate treatment.ConclusionsPotassium‐sodium citrate prevents the development of renal microcalculi into symptomatic stones in calcium stone‐forming individuals.
Injury trends from envenoming in Australia, 2000–2013
Authors: Welton R. E. , Williams D. J. , Liew D. 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundAccidental injury is a major public health problem in developed countries with 20 years elapsed since a national overview of venomous bites undertaken in Australia.AimProvide the first contemporary epidemiological insight into venomous injuries based on demographics and geography nationally in Australia in the period 2000–2013.MethodsAn analysis of national hospitalisation and mortality data was undertaken to examine the incidence of injury and death due to envenoming in Australia. Rates were calculated using the intercensal population for all Australian age groups.ResultsOver the study period, deaths occurred due to an anaphylactic event (0.16 per 100 000), snake envenoming (0.13 per 100 000) or box jellyfish envenoming (0.01 per 100 000). Only 44% of cases involving anaphylaxis reached medical care prior to death, compared to 74% of those envenomed by snakes. Over half of all deaths (52%) occurred at home, and 64% of these occurred within a major city or inner regional area, with 48% of work‐related anaphylaxis deaths. Hospital admission rates of 199 per 100 000 persons over the 11 years were caused by contact with wasps or bees (31%), spiders (30%) and snakes (15%), with a predominant age range of 30–44 years.ConclusionsThe greatest burden of injury due to envenoming was caused by arthropods and snakes. Causes of death were led by anaphylaxis subsequent to an arthropod bite or sting, followed by death from snake envenoming. Over half the incidents resulting in death occurred at home, in areas where healthcare is accessible. Operational data routinely collected are informative, with variations of injury incidence between the States and Territories, indicating a need for a more localised approach to the management of this injury.
Do parents and children perceive molar–incisor hypomineralization as an oral health problem?
Authors: Leal Soraya C , Oliveira Tereza Raquel Mourão , Ribeiro Ana Paula Dias 
Published: October 2016

SummaryBackgroundVery little is known about how patients perceive molar–incisor hypomineralization (MIH).AimThe aim of this study was to identify whether parents and children perceive opacities associated with MIH as an oral health problem.DesignA case–control study was designed in which 131 children diagnosed with MIH were matched by age, sex, and school to 131 children without MIH. The Child and Parent Questionnaire about Tooth Appearance was used to assess reports from parents, who were interviewed by telephone, and children, who were interviewed on school premises. The Spearman correlation and Wilcoxon and Fisher's exact tests were used to assess the data.ResultsFor the first part of the questionnaire, children avoided smiling because of the appearance of their teeth, and mothers seemed to be distressed by the appearance of their children's teeth (P < 0.05). For the second part, children showed dissatisfaction with their ‘tooth alignment’ and ‘tooth discoloration’ compared with the controls, while mothers were not satisfied with their children's tooth discoloration in comparison with controls (P < 0.05). Children and mothers were concerned about tooth discoloration (P < 0.05).ConclusionPoor agreement was found between the reports of children and their mothers, but both children and mothers in the MIH group perceived MIH opacities negatively in comparison with controls.
On a multiobjective optimal control of a tumor growth model with immune response and drug therapies
Authors: Rocha Ana Maria A.C. , Costa M. Fernanda P. , Fernandes Edite M.G.P. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we consider a tumor growth mathematical model that includes an immune system and drug therapies. Immuno‐ and chemodrug administration as well as periodic administration of radiation are integrated in the model. We have set an optimal control (OC) problem relative to the model so that the average number of tumor cells and immuno‐ and chemotherapeutic drug administration are simultaneously minimized in a multiobjective context. The external injection of two immunostimulators and a chemotherapeutic drug has been considered as control, and the objective functionals aim to reflect the severity of both types of drug administration. The multiobjective approach to the OC of the tumor growth model provides good‐quality approximate solutions and has shown to be a valuable procedure to identify good trade‐offs between conflicting objectives.