bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient lived experiences of functioning and disability following lumbar discectomy: a secondary analysis of qualitative data
Authors: Mistry Jai , White Louise , Baraks Karl , Davis Chris , Parikh Pulak , Schabrun Siobhan , Heneghan Nicola , Noblet Tim , Walton David , Rushton Alison 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Knowledge of patient lived experiences of functioning and disability is limited. This study aims to address the gap in the literature by exploring patient lived experiences of functioning and disability following lumbar discectomy.

Method
A secondary analysis, reported in line with the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research, was conducted of qualitative data exploring patient journeys following lumbar discectomy surgery (DiscJourn). Adult patients (≥ 16 years) undergoing elective or emergency primary lumbar discectomy were recruited from one National Health Service secondary care centre in the UK. Semi-structured interviews were conducted at 1–3 weeks and 1-year post surgery. Participants who completed both semi-structured interviews were eligible for the secondary analysis. Transcripts from the semi-structured interviews were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). IPA involved two independent reviewers identifying themes for individual data sets followed by an iterative process involving the wider research team to identify overarching themes that represented the whole date set. Subthemes generated from the IPA were mapped against the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework at the level of chapters, in order to ascertain the ICF’s utility in capturing experiences of functioning and disability. Strategies to enhance trustworthiness of data analysis included blind coding, peer examination and debrief, declaration of pre-conceived beliefs and active reflexivity throughout the study.

Results
Nine participants met the eligibility criteria and their interview transcripts were analysed. Patient lived experiences of functioning and disability were captured by three overarching themes: Immediate impact following surgery, Multiple roads to recovery over 1 year, and Functioning influenced by personal loci of control. Each theme consisted of three subthemes which were subsequently mapped onto the ICF. Three subthemes mapped to the ICF’s body component, 1 to activity and participation and 3 to environment. Two subthemes themes did not map onto the ICF.

Conclusion
Findings provide valuable insights into patient experiences of functioning and disability following lumbar discectomy. Convergence in experiences of functioning and disability were identified immediately following surgery. Divergence in such experiences were identified with regards to the roads to recovery over 1 year and the individuals’ locus of control. Findings build on the body of literature exploring patients functioning and disability following discectomy and make recommendations for future research and clinical practice.
Strong associations between fasting lipids and glucose concentrations and ALT levels strengthened with increasing ALT quantiles
Authors: Liu Wei , Shi Lipu , Yuan Mengmeng , Zhang Yonghui , Li Yalong , Cheng Chaofei , Liu Junping , Yue Han , An Lemei 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
A persistent redox state and excessive reactive species involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism lead to oxidative damage in the liver, however, how fasting plasma concentrations of lipids and glucose are associated with fasting blood levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) remains to be evaluated in large-scale population.

Methods
A cross-sectional study with 182,971 residents aged 18 to 92 years; multidimensional stratified analyses including quantile linear regression analysis and sex stratification were adopted to improve the quality of the evidence.

Results
The associations between the concentrations of non-HDL-C and triglyceride and ALT levels were positive, stronger in males in each quantile of ALT levels and the coefficients expanded with increasing ALT levels at slopes of 3.610 and 5.678 in males and 2.977 and 5.165 in females, respectively. The associations between the HDL-C concentrations and ALT levels were negative, also stronger in males in each quantile and the coefficients expanded with increasing ALT levels at slopes of -7.839 in females and − 5.797 in males. The associations between glucose concentrations and ALT levels were positive, but stronger in females in each quantile and the coefficients expanded with increasing ALT levels at slopes of 1.736 in males and 2.177 in females, respectively. Similar pattern consist of relatively weaker coefficients and slops were observed between concentrations of non-HDL-C, triglyceride and glucose and AST levels. The associations between albumin concentration and concentrations of blood lipids and glucose were relatively steady across all quantiles.

Conclusions
The dose dependent effect between blood concentrations of lipids and glucose and liver function changes suggests that excessive carbohydrate and lipid metabolism may cause subclinical liver damage. Long term sustained primary and secondary inflammatory factors produced in the liver might be transmitted to adjacent organs, such as the heart, kidneys, and lungs, to cause and/or exacerbate pathological changes in these visceral organs.
Comparison of targeted next-generation sequencing and metagenomic next-generation sequencing in the identification of pathogens in pneumonia after congenital heart surgery: a comparative diagnostic accuracy study
Authors: Zheng Yi-Rong , Chen Xiu-Hua , Chen Qiang , Cao Hua 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to compare targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS) with metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) for pathogen detection in infants with severe postoperative pneumonia after congenital heart surgery.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective observational study using data from the electronic medical record system of infants who developed severe pneumonia after surgery for congenital heart disease from August 2021 to August 2022. Infants were divided into tNGS and mNGS groups based on the pathogen detection methods. The primary outcome was the efficiency of pathogen detection, and the secondary outcomes were the timeliness and cost of each method.

Results
In the study, 91 infants were included, with tNGS detecting pathogens in 84.6% (77/91) and mNGS in 81.3% (74/91) of cases (P = 0.55). No significant differences were found in sensitivity, specificity, PPA, and NPA between the two methods (P > 0.05). tNGS identified five strains with resistance genes, while mNGS detected one strain. Furthermore, tNGS had a faster detection time (12 vs. 24 h) and lower cost ($150 vs. $500) compared to mNGS.

Conclusion
tNGS offers similar sensitivity to mNGS but with greater efficiency and cost-effectiveness, making it a promising approach for respiratory pathogen detection.
Augmented reality- virtual reality wartime training of reserve prehospital teams: a pilot study
Authors: Kaim Arielle , Milman Efrat , Zehavi Eyal , Harel Amnon , Mazor Inbal , Jaffe Eli , Adini Bruria 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
In the realm of trauma response preparation for prehospital teams, the combination of Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) with manikin technologies is growing in importance for creating training scenarios that closely mirror potential real-life situations. The pilot study focused on training of airway management and intubation for trauma incidents, based on a Trauma AR-VR simulator involving reserve paramedics of the National EMS service (Magen David Adom) who had not practiced for up to six years, activated during the Israel-Gaza conflict (October 2023). The trauma simulator merges the physical and virtual realms by utilizing a real manikin and instruments outfitted with sensors. This integration enables a precise one-to-one correspondence between the physical and virtual environments. Considering the importance of enhancing the preparedness of the reserve paramedics to support the prehospital system in Israel, the study aims to ascertain the impact of AR-VR Trauma simulator training on the modification of key perceptual attitudes such as self-efficacy, resilience, knowledge, and competency among reserve paramedics in Israel.

Methods
A quantitative questionnaire was utilized to gauge the influence of AR-VR training on specific psychological and skill-based metrics, including self-efficacy, resilience, medical knowledge, professional competency, confidence in performing intubations, and the perceived quality of the training experience in this pilot study. The methodology entailed administering a pre-training questionnaire, delivering a targeted 30-minute AR-VR training session on airway management techniques, and collecting post-training data through a parallel questionnaire to measure the training’s impact. Fifteen reserve paramedics were trained, with a response rate of 80% (n = 12) in both measurements.

Results
Post-training evaluations indicated a significant uptick in all measured areas, with resilience (3.717±0.611 to 4.008±0.665) and intubation confidence (3.541±0.891 to 3.833±0.608) showing particularly robust gains. The high rating (4.438±0.419 on a scale of 5) of the training quality suggests positive response to the AR-VR integration for the enhancement of medical training,

Conclusions
The application of AR-VR in the training of reserve paramedics demonstrates potential as a key tool for their swift mobilization and efficiency in crisis response. This is particularly valuable for training when quick deployment of personnel is necessary, training resources are diminished, and ‘all hands on deck’ is necessary.
Long-term major events after hospital discharge for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
Authors: Ortuno Sofia , Bougouin Wulfran , Voicu Sebastian , Paul Marine , Lascarrou Jean-Baptiste , Benghanem Sarah , Dumas Florence , Beganton Frankie , Karam Nicole , Marijon Eloi , Jouven Xavier , Cariou Alain , Aissaoui Nadia 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Cardiac arrest remains a global health issue with limited data on long-term outcomes, particularly regarding recurrent cardiovascular events in patients surviving out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. (OHCA). We aimed to describe the long-term occurrence of major cardiac event defined by hospital admission for cardiovascular events or death in OHCA hospital survivors, whichever came first. Our secondary objective were to assess separately occurrence of hospital admission and death, and to identify the factors associated with major event occurrence. We hypothesized that patients surviving an OHCA has a protracted increased risk of cardiovascular events, due to both presence of the baseline conditions that lead to OHCA, and to the cardiovascular consequences of OHCA induced acute ischemia-reperfusion.

Methods
Consecutive OHCA patients from three hospitals of Sudden Death Expertise Center (SDEC) Registry, discharged alive from 2011 to 2015 were included. Long-term follow-up data were obtained using national inter-regime health insurance information system (SNIIRAM) database and the national French death registry. The primary endpoint was occurrence of a major event defined by hospital admission for cardiovascular events and death, whichever came first during the follow-up. The starting point of the time-to-event analysis was the date of hospital discharge. The follow-up was censored on the date of the first event. For patients without event, follow-up was censored on the date of December, 29th, 2016.

Results
A total of 306 patients (mean age 57; 77% male) were analyzed and followed over a median follow-up of 3 years for hospital admission for cardiovascular event and 6 years for survival. During this period, 38% patients presented a major event. Hospital admission for cardiovascular events mostly occurred during the first year after the OHCA whereas death occurred more linearly during the all period. A previous history of chronic heart failure and coronary artery disease were independently associated with the occurrence of major event (HR 1.75, 95%CI[1.06-2.88] and HR 1.70, 95%CI[1.11-2.61], respectively), whereas post-resuscitation myocardial dysfunction, cardiogenic shock and cardiologic cause of cardiac arrest did not.

Conclusion
Survivors from OHCA must to be considered at high risk of cardiovascular event occurrence whatever the etiology, mainly during the first year following the cardiac arrest and should require closed monitoring.
Natural 14C abundances and stable isotopes suggest discrete uptake routes for carbon and nitrogen in cold seep animals
Authors: Nomaki Hidetaka , Kojima Shigeaki , Miyairi Yosuke , Yokoyama Yusuke , Chen Chong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCold seeps, where geofluids containing methane and other hydrocarbons originating from the subseafloor seeps through the sediment surface, play important roles in the elemental and energy flux between sediment and seawater. These seep sites often harbor communities of endemic animals supported by chemolithoautotrophic bacteria, either through symbiosis or feeding. Despite these animal communities being intensively studied since their discovery in the 1980’s, the contribution of carbon from seep fluid to symbiotic microbes and subsequently host animals remains unclear. Here, we used natural-abundance radiocarbon to discern carbon sources: the ambient bottom water or the seeping geofluid. The 14C concentrations were measured for vesicomyid clams, a parasitic calamyzine polychaete, and a siboglinid tubeworm species from four different cold seep sites around Japan. We found most vesicomyid clams exhibiting 14C concentrations slightly lower than that of the ambient bottom water, suggesting up to 9% of C for chemolithoautotrophy originates from geofluid DIC. The different extent of fluid contribution across species may be explained by different routes to incorporate DIC and/or different DIC concentrations in the geofluid at each seep site. Stable nitrogen isotopic compositions further suggested N incorporation from geofluids in these clams, where the burrowing depth may be a key factor in determining their δ15N values. The siboglinid tubeworm showed a clear dependency for geofluid DIC, with a contribution of > 40%. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of 14C analyses for elucidating the nutritional ecology of cold seep animals and their symbionts, as was previously shown for hydrothermal vent ecosystems.
In-person and online mixed method non-randomised studies exploring feasibility and acceptability of HEADS: UP, an adapted Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction programme for stroke survivors experiencing symptoms of anxiety and depression
Authors: Lawrence Maggie , Davis Bridget , Clark Naomi E. , Booth Jo , Donald Graeme , Dougall Nadine , Grealy Madeleine , Jani Bhautesh , MacDonald Jennifer , Mason Helen , Maxwell Margaret , Parkinson Ben , Pieri Matilde , Wang Xu , Mercer Stewart 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Depression and anxiety are prevalent after stroke and associated with poor outcomes. We previously co-developed a stroke-specific self-management intervention, HEADS: UP (Helping Ease Anxiety and Depression after Stroke). The two studies reported here aimed to test the feasibility and acceptability of the HEADS: UP course and supporting materials, and research processes ahead of a definitive trial.

Methods
We recruited community-dwelling stroke survivors (SS) ≥ 3 months post-stroke, with symptoms of mood disorder (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale ≥ 8). Participants could ‘enrol’ a family member/ ‘other’ to take part with them, if desired. Study 1 tested HEADS: UP delivered in-person, and informed optimisation of research processes and intervention delivery and materials. In a pragmatic response to Covid-related socialising restrictions, HEADS: UP was then adapted for online delivery, tested in Study 2. The primary outcome (both studies) was the feasibility (acceptability, fidelity) of the intervention and of research processes. Quantitative data (including patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) assessing mood and quality of life) and qualitative data were collected pre-/post-intervention. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse quantitative data; a thematic framework approach was used to analyse qualitative data. Both studies received ethical approval prior to commencement.

Results
Study 1
Feasibility: 13 (59.1%) of 22 potentially eligible stroke survivors consented; aged 66 (median, interquartile range (IQR) 14); male (n = 9; 69%); 28 (IQR 34) months post-stroke. Of these, n = 10 (76.9%) completed PROMS pre-intervention; n = 6 (46.2%) post-intervention.
Acceptability: Nine (69.2%) of the 13 participants attended ≥ 4 core intervention sessions. Aspects of screening and data collection were found to be burdensome.
Study 2
Feasibility: SS n = 9 (41%) of 22 potentially eligible stroke survivors consented; aged 58 years (median; IQR 12); male (n = 4; 44.4%); 23 (IQR 34) months post-stroke. Of these, n = 5 (55.6%) completed PROMS pre-intervention; n = 5 (55.6%) post-intervention.
Acceptability: Five (55.6%) of the 9 participants attended ≥ 4 core sessions. They found online screening and data collection processes straightforward.
Precision medicine for personalized cholecystitis care: integrating molecular diagnostics and biotherapeutics
Authors: Addissouky Tamer A. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Acute cholecystitis, inflammation of the gallbladder, can lead to serious complications if not promptly diagnosed and managed. Conventional therapies have limitations, necessitating newer personalized approaches.

Main body of the abstract
This review examines recent advances transforming cholecystitis care. Diagnostically, molecular techniques like next-generation sequencing rapidly identify causative microbes from gallbladder specimens, enabling targeted antimicrobial therapy. Regarding treatment, phage therapy uses viruses to lyse pathogenic bacteria. RNA interference and CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing silence microbial virulence factors. Probiotics competitively exclude pathogens. Robotics and fluorescence imaging refine surgical techniques. Additional emerging modalities include biosensors detecting inflammatory mediators, regenerative gallbladder tissue engineering using stem cells, and artificial intelligence for real-time decision support. However, the optimal integration of novel technologies with current best practices remains unknown. Further research is needed to validate and optimize personalized diagnostics and therapeutics for cholecystitis.

Short conclusions
Advances in next-generation sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, robotics, and other biotechnologies promise to transform the precision and personalized management of cholecystitis when thoughtfully implemented. However, controlled trials are still required to define optimal integration with conventional supportive care and antibiotics.
A 10-point preoperative checklist: selecting patients for outpatient joint replacement surgery
Authors: Chowdhry Madhav , McPherson Edward J. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
With advancements in perioperative care, joint replacement (JR) surgery is undergoing a transition from opacified in-patient institutions to nimble out-patient Ambulatory Surgical Centers (ASC). The goal of JR in ASC setting is safe patient discharge with subsequent rehabilitation without readmission. Multi-modal preoperative rehabilitation (MMPR) is a novel field of perioperative care, encompassing comprehensive parameters to ensure smooth transition from fitness for surgery to JR in outpatient setting. At present, there are no open-access schemes for selecting patients qualified for JR in the ASC setting. In this article, we propose an evidence-based, 10-point systematic evaluation of patients with target endpoints for MMPR to qualify patients for JR as an outpatient procedure. This checklist is a non-proprietary scheme serving as an initial framework for surgeons exploring surgery in the ASC setting.

Body
We introduce factors for a prehabilitation scheme, called Checklist Outpatient-Joint Replacement (CO-JR) to qualify patients for outpatient JR surgery. These factors have been developed based on an extensive literature review and the significant experience of authors to incorporate variables that drive a successful outpatient JR procedure. The factors include patient education, psychiatric & cognitive ability, medical fitness, musculoskeletal capability, financial ability, transportation access, patient motivation, information technology (IT) capabilities, along with ability to recover independently at home postoperatively. The CO-JR scheme is under the process of validation at multiple institutions. We introduce this as a starting point for collaborative development of an open-access scheme for all surgeons to learn and adapt as needed for their respective global region.

Conclusion
We established a non-proprietary 10-point CO-JR scheme, serving as a framework for surgeons to successfully select patients for JR surgery in the ASC setting. We encourage concomitant validation of this scheme globally. Our goal is to reach an international consensus on an open-access scheme, available for all surgeons to enrol patients for JR in the ASC setting, but modifiable to accommodate regional needs.
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in a known case of beta-thalassemia major after blood transfusion: a case presentation
Authors: Hanna Diana , Nada Mohamad Gamal , Gohary Mahmoud M. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a neurotoxic condition associated with a distinctive brain imaging pattern which typically occur in some complex clinical conditions. However, the leading offender to this condition remains not clear.

Case presentation
We report a 6-year-old female with β-thalassemia major presenting with generalized tonic–clonic convulsions, repeated attacks of projectile vomiting, blurred vision, and altered conscious level after blood transfusion. The brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) FLAIR sequence revealed bilateral and symmetrical subcortical edema displaying high signal intensity. Follow-up MRI 1 month later showed complete resolution of the previously identified findings. The clinical presentation along with neuroimaging pattern as well as the reversible course indicated PRES as the most suitable diagnosis. Although PRES has been previously described in different clinical settings, this is a rare case of PRES recognized after blood transfusion in a child with β-thalassemia major.

Conclusion
Acute neurological symptoms in children with thalassemia should raise high suspicion for PRES, especially after blood transfusion.
Clinical study of Wnt inhibitory factor-1 expression and its association with disease severity in non-segmental vitiligo
Authors: Gohary Yasser Mostafa , Abdelhady Ebtehal Gamal , Sayed Aya Nagy , Rashed Laila Ahmed , Kamel Hanan Abd El Razik 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Vitiligo is classified as an acquired chronic depigmentation disorder that includes the destruction of epidermal melanocytes. It affects 0.5–1% of the population all over the world. Wnt signaling pathway is vital in melanocytes differentiation and development. WIF-1 is an antagonist of the Wnt signaling pathway; it hinders Wnt from binding its receptors. The present study aims to detect WIF-1 expression in vitiligo skin and if it relates to the disease's severity.

Results
This case–control study included 70 subjects: 35 vitiligo patients and 35 healthy controls. Skin WIF-1 expression was estimated using quantitative real-time PCR. Assessment of the vitiligo disease activity score and vitiligo area severity index score was determined. WIF-1 expression showed significant elevation in the skin of vitiligo patients compared to the healthy control group.

Conclusion
Overexpression of WIF-1 may participate in the pathogenesis of vitiligo; hence, it should be a future therapeutic target.