bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lexical semantics in language shift
Authors: Ponsonnet Maïa 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis article analyzes some of the lexical semantic features of Barunga Kriol, an Australian creole language (Northern Territory, Australia), in comparison with Dalabon, one of the Australian Aboriginal languages replaced by Barunga Kriol. Focusing on the semantic domain of emotions, this study offers insights into how creole languages select and organize semantic meanings, and to what extent this results in lexical loss or retention. I spell out the exact nature of the lexical resemblances between the two languages, and highlight major differences as well. The conclusions of the study are two-fold. Firstly, I show that the Barunga Kriol emotion lexicon shares a great many properties with the Dalabon emotion lexicon. As a result, speakers in Barunga Kriol and Dalabon respectively are often able to package meaning in very similar ways: the two languages offer comparable means of describing events in the world. From that point of view, language shift can be considered to have a lesser impact. Secondly, I show that the lexical resemblances between Barunga Kriol and Dalabon are not limited to simple cases where the lexemes in each language share the same forms and/or meanings. Instead, lexical resemblances relate to a number of other properties in semantics and combinatorics, and I devise a preliminary typology of these lexical resemblances. Beyond the comparison between Barunga Kriol and Dalabon, this typology may tentatively serve as a grid to evaluate lexical resemblances between languages more generally.
Baba Malay
Authors: Lee Nala H. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis article sheds light on the systematic differences between the variety of Baba Malay spoken in Malacca and that spoken in Singapore. In the literature, the creole is usually discussed as if it is a single homogeneous variety. Language documentation work conducted in both Malacca and Singapore shows that there are crucial differences between how Baba Malay is spoken in both places. These differences are systematic, and they pervade areas of morphology and syntax. All differences lead to the same conclusions. Evidence shows that the variety of Baba Malay in Malacca is much more heavily influenced by its lexifier, Malay, than the variety that is spoken in Singapore. Singapore Baba Malay is also more influenced by its substrate, Hokkien, than Malacca Baba Malay. This divergence between the two varieties is attributed to their specific ecologies. Crucially, the impetus for establishing two varieties of Baba Malay becomes even more vital than ever, given the fact that both varieties are highly endangered, and that researchers engaged in research on Baba Malay should be aware of both varieties and their social environments in order to fully represent the creole.
Intralingual dubbing as a tool for developing speaking skills
Authors: Sánchez-Requena Alicia 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCommunicating verbally with others is one of the main features of human behaviour, but the time employed in class to practise this skill is often insufficient. In an attempt to overcome the need to practise oral conversations and help students feel less anxious in foreign language (FL) contexts, new didactic approaches are being considered. Amongst those, the active use of techniques traditionally employed in audiovisual translation (AVT) has proved to have a positive impact on FL learning.This paper examines the relationship between intralingual dubbing (students' replacement of the original voices of actors in 1 minute long clips) and FL oral expression. The main aim is to provide objective evidence that the use of intralingual dubbing can enhance speed, intonation and pronunciation when speaking spontaneously in Spanish as a FL. A total of 47 participants aged 16–18 with a B1 level of Spanish dubbed videos for 12 weeks. Data is triangulated both qualitatively and quantitatively. Results confirm the main hypothesis and serve as evidence to support theoretical aspects of the inclusion of active AVT techniques in FL speaking classes.
A Dietary Pattern of Higher Fish, Egg, Milk, Nut, Vegetable and Fruit, and Lower Salt Intake Correlates With the Prevalence and Control of Hypertension
Authors: Yu Guiquan , Fu Hang , Huang Wei , Zhang Nan , Deng Dan , Li Ge , Lei Han 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The effects of food on the prevalence and control of hypertension are unclear. We aimed to investigate whether a dietary pattern of higher fish, egg, milk, nut, vegetable and fruit consumption, and lower salt intake was associated with hypertension in China.

METHODS
A total of 15,303 subjects were recruited from September 2012 to December 2014. Groups with (n = 1,604) and without (n = 13,660) hypertension were formed for a case–control study. The hypertensive participants were classified into the controlled blood pressure (BP) subgroup (n = 397) and the uncontrolled BP subgroup (n = 1,207). Data on the average weekly intake of fish, eggs, milk, nuts, vegetables, fruit, and salt in the past year were collected. Higher intake was defined as greater than or equal to median food intake.

RESULTS
Higher fish, egg, milk, nut, vegetable, and fruit intake correlated with lower hypertension prevalence, and fish and fruit intake were the strongest associated factors. Meanwhile, higher fruit intake, the highest quartile of egg or milk intake, and the lowest quartile of salt intake correlated with better BP control. Furthermore, the dietary pattern was associated with lower hypertension prevalence (odds ratio [OR]: 0.88, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.84–0.92; P &lt; 0.001) and better BP control (OR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.03–1.21; P = 0.011). However, the dietary pattern did not correlate with BP control after excluding fruit intake.

CONCLUSIONS
The dietary pattern correlated with lower hypertension prevalence and better BP control, and its association with BP control might be driven by higher fruit consumption.
DincRNA: a comprehensive web-based bioinformatics toolkit for exploring disease associations and ncRNA function
Authors: Cheng Liang , Hu Yang , Sun Jie , Zhou Meng , Jiang Qinghua 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Summary
DincRNA aims to provide a comprehensive web-based bioinformatics toolkit to elucidate the entangled relationships among diseases and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) from the perspective of disease similarity. The quantitative way to illustrate relationships of pair-wise diseases always depends on their molecular mechanisms, and structures of the directed acyclic graph of Disease Ontology (DO). Corresponding methods for calculating similarity of pair-wise diseases involve Resnik’s, Lin’s, Wang’s, PSB and SemFunSim methods. Recently, disease similarity was validated suitable for calculating functional similarities of ncRNAs and prioritizing ncRNA–disease pairs, and it has been widely applied for predicting the ncRNA function due to the limited biological knowledge from wet lab experiments of these RNAs. For this purpose, a large number of algorithms and priori knowledge need to be integrated. e.g. ‘pair-wise best, pairs-average’ (PBPA) and ‘pair-wise all, pairs-maximum’ (PAPM) methods for calculating functional similarities of ncRNAs, and random walk with restart (RWR) method for prioritizing ncRNA–disease pairs. To facilitate the exploration of disease associations and ncRNA function, DincRNA implemented all of the above eight algorithms based on DO and disease-related genes. Currently, it provides the function to query disease similarity scores, miRNA and lncRNA functional similarity scores, and the prioritization scores of lncRNA–disease and miRNA–disease pairs.

Availability and implementation
http://bio-annotation.cn:18080/DincRNAClient/

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Host immune responses toToxoplasma gondii
Authors: Sasai Miwa , Pradipta Ariel , Yamamoto Masahiro 
Published: January 2018

AbstractToxoplasma gondii can infect homoeothermic animals including humans and cause lethal toxoplasmosis in immunocompromised individuals. When hosts are infected with T. gondii, the cells induce immune responses against T. gondii. The pathogen infection is recognized by immune sensors that directly detect T. gondii structural components, leading to production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Antigen-presenting cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells strongly activate T cells and induce development of Th1 cells and antigen-specific killer CD8 T cells. These T cells and Group 1 innate lymphoid cells are main producers of IFN-γ, which robustly stimulates cell-autonomous immunity in cells infected with T. gondii. IFN-γ-inducible effectors such as IFN-inducible GTPases, inducible nitric oxide synthase and indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase differentially play important roles in suppression of T. gondii growth and its direct killing in anti-T. gondii cell-autonomous immune responses. In this review, we will describe our current knowledge of innate, adaptive and IFN-γ-mediated cell-autonomous immunity against T. gondii infection.
Low cholesterol, impulsivity and violence revisited
Authors: Tomson-Johanson Katrin , Harro Jaanus 
Published: January 2018

Purpose of review
To summarize the recent findings on the association of cholesterol levels with impulsivity and violence.

Recent findings
Several authors have recently highlighted the importance of confounding factors that mask the association between cholesterol and impulsivity or violent behaviour. In particular, demographic factors and presence of psychiatric disorders can play a role in the discrepancies present in literature. Men seem to be more sensitive to low cholesterol levels as the association between low cholesterol levels and aggression is found mostly in men. Cholesterol may play a role as a moderator of the serotonergic function and interact with associations between relevant gene variants and impulsivity. Lowering cholesterol levels with statins brings about several changes in the serotonergic system, nerve cell membrane microviscosity and behaviour, and needs to be done with precaution in susceptible individuals. Cholesterol levels could serve as a biological risk marker for violence and suicidal tendencies in psychiatric patients with depression and schizophrenia.

Summary
Future studies should consider the potential nonlinearity in the association of cholesterol levels with impulsivity, and dependence of the association on gender, psychiatric condition, and environmental factors.
Clinical Characteristics of Anorectal Mycoplasma genitalium Infection and Microbial Cure in Men Who Have Sex With Men
Authors: Ong Jason J. , Aung Ei , Read Tim R.H. , Fairley Christopher K. , Garland Suzanne M. , Murray Gerald , Chen Marcus Y. , Chow Eric P.F. , Bradshaw Catriona S. 
Published: January 2018

Background
We report clinical characteristics of proctitis caused solely by Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) compared with chlamydia and gonococcus. We determined the proportions cured with first-line (azithromycin) and second-line antimicrobials (moxifloxacin, pristinamycin).

Methods
A total of 166 patients attending Melbourne Sexual Health Centre from 2012 to 2016 with symptoms of proctitis were tested for MG, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Demographic characteristics, sexual behaviors, clinical symptoms, and signs were recorded. Multinomial multivariable logistic regression was used to test for significant differences in symptoms and signs for the pathogens detected.

Results
Seventeen percent of men had MG (95% confidence interval, 12–24), 21% had chlamydia (15–27), and 40% had gonococcal monoinfection (32–48), whereas 22% had MG coinfection (16–29). Relative to men with MG monoinfection, those with chlamydial monoinfection reported more anal pain (adjusted prevalence odds ratio (aPOR), 4.68 [1.41–14.19]), whereas men with gonococcal monoinfection reported more anal pain (aPOR, 6.75 [2.21–20.55]) and tenesmus (aPOR, 15.44 [1.62–146.90]), but less anal itch (aPOR, 0.32 [0.11–0.93]). The microbiological cure for MG using azithromycin was low at 35% (22–50), whereas moxifloxacin subsequently cured 92% (64–100) and pristinamycin cured 79% (54–94) of infections.

Conclusions

M. genitalium was almost as common as chlamydia in men presenting to a sexual health center with symptoms of proctitis. Men with anorectal MG monoinfection were less likely to have symptoms and signs compared with those with chlamydia or gonococcus monoinfection. Cure for men with symptomatic anorectal MG by azithromycin was low. We suggest routine testing for MG in cases of proctitis, with test of cure after treatment being essential.
Fatal Sickling Triggered by Massive Foreign Particle Embolism
Authors: Febres-Aldana Christopher A. , Hernandez Howard Lydia 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSickle cell disease (SCD) manifests itself with vaso-occlusive episodes leading to infarction. Placement of intravascular catheters provides a useful route for management of pain crises as well as other complications. However, catheter misuse is a commonly unrecognized problem, which can have lethal consequences. We present a case of fatal splenic sequestration/hyperhemolysis secondary to foreign body pulmonary and systemic embolization due to intravenous administration of hydromorphone pills in a young woman with SCD. Morphological identification of the embolized particles (crospovidone, microcrystalline cellulose, and hydrophilic polymer) was key in understanding the mechanism of death. Foreign particle deposition induced a granulomatous inflammatory response that resulted in obliteration and distortion of the microvasculature, thus triggering sickling with subsequent organ damage. Despite clinical evidence of asplenia and microscopic white pulp fibrosis with Gamna-Gandy body formation, unexpectedly for the patient's age, the spleen was enlarged by entrapped sickle cells. The findings support the possibility that loss of function can coexist with increased splenic activity under certain circumstances, an overlooked clinical phenotype of SCD. This case illustrates the teaching value of classic autopsy in addition to its crucial role in understanding the natural history of complex heterogeneous diseases.
The Management of Partial Zone II Intrasynovial Flexor Tendon Lacerations: A Literature Review of Biomechanics, Clinical Outcomes, and Complications
Authors: Lineberry Kyle D. , Shue Shirley , Chepla Kyle J. 
Published: January 2018

Background:
Penetrating trauma or lacerations within zone II of the flexor sheath may result in partial tendon injury. The proper management of this injury is controversial; the literature contains differing indications for surgical treatment and postoperative rehabilitation.

Methods:
A literature review of the Cochrane, MEDLINE, and PubMed databases was performed using the following search criteria: partial, flexor, tendon, and laceration. All English language studies that evaluated biomechanical strength, complications, and outcomes after partial tendon injury in human and animal studies were included and reviewed by two of the authors.

Results:
Animal and cadaveric biomechanical studies have demonstrated that partial lacerations involving up to 95 percent of the tendon cross-sectional area can safely tolerate loads generated through unresisted, active finger flexion. Suture tenorrhaphy of partial tendon injury is associated with decreased tendon tensile strength, increased resistance, and decreased tendon gliding. Complications of nonsurgical management include triggering and entrapment, which can be managed by tendon beveling or pulley release. Late rupture is extremely uncommon (one report).

Conclusions:
Partial tendon lacerations involving 90 percent of the cross-sectional area can be safely treated without surgical repair and immediate protected active motion. Indications for exploration and treatment include concern for complete injury, triggering of the involved digit, or entrapment of the tendon. Surgical treatment for tendon triggering or entrapment with less than 75 percent cross-sectional injury is beveling of the tendon edges and injuries greater than 75 percent should be repaired with a noncircumferential, simple epitendinous suture. All patients should be allowed to perform early protected active motion after surgery.
Facial Reanimation in the Seventh and Eighth Decades of Life
Authors: Hembd Austin , Harrison Bridget , Rocha Cynthia Souza Martins , Rocha Franklin de Souza , Chamseddin Khalil , Labbé Daniel , Cárdenas-Mejía Alexander , Rozen Shai M. 
Published: January 2018

Background:
Treatment of facial paralysis in the older population is often relegated to static rather than dynamic reanimation for fear of poor outcomes. This pervasive approach lacks physiologic foundation and is not evidence based. Thus, the authors present an extensive literature review demonstrating weak evidence supporting this misguided concept, followed by detailed outcomes from three centers of the largest reported series to date of patients older than 60 years after reanimation performed using three techniques—lengthening temporalis myoplasty, free functional muscle, and nerve transfers.

Methods:
A PubMed search spanning over 40 years identified all reports on reanimation in patients older than 60 years. In addition, detailed demographics, surgical techniques, and outcomes of 30 patients older than 60 years were analyzed.

Results:
Of 629 articles, only 45 patients were identified, described in case reports or small series, lacking details or consistent long-term follow-up. In the clinical series, average age, preoperative House-Brackmann score, and comorbidities were similar among the groups. Highest excursion was observed in the free functional muscle group, followed by nerve transfer and temporalis myoplasty, averaging 10.4, 6.8, and 3.1 mm, respectively. The most notable philtral deviation correction was in the lengthening temporalis myoplasty group, followed by the free muscle and nerve transfer groups, averaging 5.6, 2.2, and 1.13 mm, respectively. Complication rates were highest in the free functional muscle group.

Conclusions:
Facial palsy patients should not be denied dynamic restoration based on age alone. Although surgical technique may vary based on duration of palsy, surgeon experience, and preference, with each presenting advantages and disadvantages, dynamic restoration is feasible regardless of age.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
Identification of powdery mildew resistance QTL inFragaria x ananassa
Authors: Cockerton Helen M. , Vickerstaff Robert J. , Karlström Amanda , Wilson Fiona , Sobczyk Maria , He Joe Q. , Sargent Daniel J. , Passey Andy J. , McLeary Kirsty J. , Pakozdi Katalin , Harrison Nicola , Lumbreras-Martinez Maria , Antanaviciute Laima , Simpson David W. , Harrison Richard J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe obligate biotrophic fungusPodosphaera aphanisis the causative agent of powdery mildew on cultivated strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa). Genotypes from two bi-parental mapping populations ‘Emily’ x ‘Fenella’ and ‘Redgauntlet’ x ‘Hapil’ were phenotyped for powdery mildew disease severity in a series of field trials. Here we report multiple QTL associated with resistance to powdery mildew, identified in ten phenotyping events conducted across different years and locations. Seven QTL show a level of stable resistance across multiple phenotyping events however many other QTL were represented in a single phenotyping event and therefore must be considered transient. One of the identified QTL was closely linked to an associated resistance gene across the wider germplasm. Furthermore, a preliminary association analysis identified a novel conserved locus for further investigation. Our data suggests that resistance is highly complex and that multiple additive sources of quantitative resistance to powdery mildew exist across strawberry germplasm. Implementation of the reported markers in marker-assisted breeding or genomic selection would lead to improved powdery mildew resistant strawberry cultivars, particularly where the studied parents, progeny and close pedigree material are included in breeding germplasm.Key MessagePowdery mildew resistance in two strawberry mapping populations is controlled by both stable and transient novel QTL of moderate effect. Some transferability of QTL across wider germplasm was observed.
Estimating the distance to an epidemic threshold
Authors: O’Dea Eamon B. , Park Andrew W. , Drake John M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe epidemic threshold of the susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) model is a boundary separating parameters that can permit epidemics from those that cannot. This threshold corresponds to points where the stability of the system’s equilibrium reaches zero. Consequently, we use the average rate at which deviations from the equilibrium shrink to define a distance to this threshold. However, the vital dynamics of the host population may occur slowly even when transmission is far from threshold levels. Here we show analytically how such slow dynamics can prevent estimation of the distance to the threshold for some individual variables of the model. Although these results are exact only in the limit of long-term observation of a large system, we find that they still provide useful insight into the behaviour of estimates from simulations with a range of population sizes, environmental noise, and observation schemes. Having established some guidelines about when estimates are accurate, we then illustrate how multiple distance estimates can be used to estimate the rate of approach to the threshold. The estimation approach is general and may be applicable to zoonotic pathogens such as MERS-CoV as well as vaccine-preventable diseases such as measles.
Reduced expression of C/EBPβ-LIP extends health- and lifespan in mice
Authors: Müller Christine , Zidek Laura M. , Ackermann Tobias , de Jong Tristan , Liu Peng , Kliche Verena , Zaini Mohamad Amr , Kortman Gertrud , Harkema Liesbeth , Verbeek Dineke S. , Tuckermann Jan P. , von Maltzahn Julia , de Bruin Alain , Guryev Victor , Wang Zhao-Qi , Calkhoven Cornelis F. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAgeing is associated with physical decline and the development of age-related diseases such as metabolic disorders and cancer. Few conditions are known that attenuate the adverse effects of ageing, including calorie restriction (CR) and reduced signalling through the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway. Synthesis of the metabolic transcription factor C/EBP β ‐LIP is stimulated by mTORC1, which critically depends on a short upstream open reading frame (uORF) in the C/EBP β-mRNA. Here we describe that reduced C/EBP β ‐LIP expression due to genetic ablation of the uORF delays the development of age-associated phenotypes in mice. Moreover, female C/EBP βΔuORFmice display an extended lifespan. Since LIP levels increase upon aging in wt mice, our data reveal an important role for C/EBPβ in the aging process and suggest that restriction of LIP expression sustains health and fitness. Thus, therapeutic strategies targeting C/EBP β ‐LIP may offer new possibilities to treat age-related diseases and to prolong healthspan.