bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Commercial determinants of health and cancer prevention in South Africa
Authors: Goldstein Susan , Mahomedy Sameera 
Published: October 2024

Aim Commercial determinants, encompassing marketing strategies, corporate social responsibility, and lobbying, significantly contribute to avoidable cancer deaths globally. In South Africa, 30-50% of cancers are preventable, but SA focuses mainly on tobacco control, ignoring major causes of cancer such as alcohol, obesity, and ultra-processed foods. This paper highlights the role of these commercial determinants in contributing to cancer in SA. It outlines strategies and barriers in addressing these determinants. Approach While conventional approaches focus on individual responsibility relating to risk factors like tobacco, alcohol, and unhealthy diets, the role of industries in promoting these risk factors remains inadequately addressed. The paper explores the marketing and non-marketing methods employed by industries, such as tobacco, alcohol, and ultra-processed products, to maximise profits while neglecting public health consequences. Findings The article sheds light on industry tactics, including strategic partnerships, sponsorship, and diversionary narratives during crises, aimed at safeguarding profits. It emphasises the less-explored realm of non-marketing strategies, such as political lobbying, industry-funded research, and the ‘revolving door’ phenomenon where industry insiders become policymakers. Conclusions The article advocates for a paradigm shift in cancer prevention policies, urging the government to implement a comprehensive suite of measures that include increased taxation on harmful products, strict restrictions on marketing, enhanced product labelling, and eliminating conflict of interest in health research and policies. Addressing the commercial determinants necessitates not only recognising their impact but also adopting a multi-level governance approach that prioritises public health over corporate profits. The paper concludes by emphasising the urgency of recognising the links between alcohol, food regulation, and cancer prevention. The overarching goal is to shift power relations, fostering governance for the collective good and ensuring equitable access to preventive measures, especially for vulnerable populations.
PENGARUH MINAT MEMBACA TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR EKONOMI SISWA KELAS XI MA AL-IHSAN PONDOK GEDE
Authors: Tsani Iqbal Maulana  , Chientya Annisa Rahman Putri  , Dermawan  
Published: October 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh minat membaca terhadap hasil belajar ekonomi siswa kelas XI di MA Al-Ihsan Pondok Gede, Bekasi. Latar belakang penelitian ini didasarkan pada rendahnya minat baca siswa yang dapat mempengaruhi hasil belajar mereka. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan survei. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner yang diberikan kepada 33 siswa, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan regresi linear sederhana. Yang diolah dengan menggunakan SPSS (Statistical Package for the Sciences) versi 29 for windows. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa minat baca tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap hasil belajar siswa dalam mata pelajaran ekonomi. Hal ini ditunjukkan dari hasil Koefisien arah regresi / β X= 0,383 (bernilai negatif ) artinya, maka apabila minat baca meningkat satu (1) satuan, maka hasil belajar mengalami penurunan sebesar 0,383, dengan menggunakan uji t didapat t-hitung signifikansi variabel minat baca yaitu sebesar 0,001 yang dimana lebih kecil dari < 0,05 uji koefisien determinasi nilai R square sebesar 2,1 % dan sisanya 97,9 % dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain yang tidak diteliti pada penelitian ini.
Obesidad infantil: relación entre leptina, tirotrofina y obesidad
Authors: Paz Verónica , Holoveski Laura Daiana , Insúa Claudia , Ferraro Mabel 
Published: October 2024

La leptina es una hormona proteica sintetizada principalmente por los adipocitos. En el hipotálamo, inhibe la ingesta y aumenta el gasto energético. En pacientes obesos se encuentra aumentada, indicando resistencia a su acción. Está reportado que entre el 10 y 25 % de esta población presenta niveles de tirotrofina ligeramente elevados no relacionados con patología tiroidea. Se ha sugerido a la eptina como nexo entre obesidad y aumento de tirotrofina. No hay estudios reportados en población prepúber. Objetivo: evaluar la relación entre leptina sérica, obesidad y tirotrofina sérica en pacientes obesos prepúberes.Materiales y métodos: se incluyeron 30 pacientes prepúberes obesos (índice de masa corporal puntaje Z ≥ 2) de entre 4 y 11 años. Se determinó leptina por un método enzimoinmunométrico y tirotrofina por un ensayo inmunométrico quimioluminiscente. Se midió peso, talla y perímetro de cintura y se calculó el índice de masa corporal y el índice de masa corporal puntaje Z mediante un software. Se utilizó el test de Shapiro-Wilk, correlación de Spearman y de Pearson. Resultados: la leptina correlacionó positivamente con el índice de masa corporal (r= 0,484; p = 0,007), el perímetro de cintura (r = 0,788; p = 0,004) y la tirotrofina (r = 0,476; p = 0,012). No se observó correlación entre tirotrofina e índice de masa corporal. Las relaciones entre los diferentes parámetros variaron al discriminar la población por género. Conclusiones: nuestros resultados evidencian que en pacientes obesos prepúberes la leptina tiene una relación positiva con el índice de masa corporal, el perímetro
Private Funding at High-Level Elections: the Costa Rican Case for Explaining Vote Increase
Authors: Gamboa Solano David 
Published: October 2024

Este estudio analiza el papel del financiamiento privado y público en la determinación de los resultados electorales en Costa Rica, con un enfoque en el período de 2010 a 2020. Basado en datos de múltiples ciclos electorales, la investigación explora cómo las contribuciones financieras influyen en el éxito de los partidos políticos en un sistema de financiamiento mixto donde tanto los fondos estatales como los privados juegan roles significativos. El análisis revela que el financiamiento privado es un fuerte predictor del desempeño electoral, especialmente en elecciones a nivel nacional, donde se correlaciona significativamente con la cantidad de votos obtenidos. El número de donantes individuales también emerge como un factor importante, reflejando un mayor apoyo público y contribuyendo al éxito electoral. Además, el estudio encuentra que los partidos que compiten a nivel nacional se benefician de una mayor visibilidad y la capacidad de acumular votos a lo largo de diferentes elecciones, lo que mejora aún más sus perspectivas electorales. La interacción entre el financiamiento público y privado destaca la complejidad del sistema de financiamiento electoral de Costa Rica, sugiriendo que los partidos que aprovechan efectivamente ambas fuentes de financiamiento tienen más probabilidades de tener éxito. Estos hallazgos tienen importantes implicaciones para comprender la dinámica del financiamiento político en democracias emergentes y subrayan la necesidad de continuar los esfuerzos para garantizar la transparencia y equidad en los procesos electorales. El estudio concluye discutiendo las implicaciones más amplias de estos resultados para los sistemas electorales en América Latina y sugiere áreas para futuras investigaciones.
An Analysis of Students’ Vocabulary Mastery in Using Antonym of Second Grade Students in SMP Swasta Advent 5 Medan
Authors: Tampubolon Sahlan , Sitorus Nurhayati , Panjaitan Ririn Krisniati 
Published: October 2024

In this study, descriptive analysis was used as the method which focused on describing the students’ vocabulary mastery in using antonym. The data was taken from 25 students of the 2nd grade in SMP Swasta Advent 5 Medan. The study used content analysis as the instrument of collecting data. The result of this study shows that the level ability of students’ vocabulary mastery in using defining antonym was categorized as poor level. The percentage of the level ability of students’ vocabulary mastery in doing the antonym test shows that from 25 samples, there were 3/12 % students fall in the excellent level, 2/8 % students fall in the good level, 3/12 % students fall in the fair level, 6/24 % students fall in weak level, 11/44 % students fall in poor level which can be concluded as the most level reached by the students. The graphic clearly shows that most of the students’ vocabulary mastery fall in the poor level in using antonym. The result of students’ interview which involved 5 participants which aimed to find out the students’ difficulties in learning vocabulary shows that most of students reciprocally mention that English is one of the most difficult subjects learnt at school. The lack of repetition by students was also one of the main reason of students limited vocabularies which lead to the result of poor level ability of students’ vocabulary mastery particularly in defining antonym.
Keywords: descriptive analysis, vocabulary, antonyms
To Appraise the Learning protocol of Linguistic English Writing as Proper Skill of English for Medical Purposes
Authors: Jafar Asgari  
Published: October 2024

The aims of this linguistic study was to appraise: the participant' feelings on teacher approach to educating in academic writing process, the weak and strong points of the model applied during the teaching academic writing in EMP and, and the participants' linguistic ideas and impressions at applying new ways, for material delivery of EMP. Data were released based on chosen variables: their occupation, year of education, and knowledge with writing techniques discovered that there were no important statistical differences at (a = 0.05) in the use of educational techniques. There are statistically important differences in using educational techniques units because of the year of teaching adaptable, in favors of, the third and fourth year academics. The findings also, disclosed that there are statistically significant differences in using technique units due to the practice with other variable, in favors of academics with no techniques use practice. The linguistic techniques can thus assist higher education programmers to identify, track, monitor, and treat at the university to educate, for teaching and learning medicine to strive in educating specialized writing. Given the linguistic benefits, it seems indispensable to apply the advantages of the survey, because studying hard to develop the technique, and implementing them in academic writing education is a theory.
The Eight Graders’ Perception of Speaking Online Learning During Covid-19 Pandemic in SMP at Misykat Al-Anwar
Authors: Hasanah Khofifah Indah , Herwiana Sakhi 
Published: October 2024

This research is based on online English learning that has been running for more than 1 year of class VIIIC junior high school student Misykat Al-Anwar most students complain that teaching and learning activities are very boring. Moreover, speaking skills require a lot of practice so that students are fluent in English. But with the Covid-19 pandemic, all learning activities are carried out online. Problems of this research how are the perception of VIIIC class students about English learning conducted online as well as its advantages and disadvantages. The researcher use the qualitative method. In accordance with the observations made students experience a lot of material that is not delivered, they feel monotonous, and also the network signal is inadequate for smooth learning.
CORTICOIDES: UM ESTUDO SOBRE OS EFEITOS ADVERSOS NA SAÚDE HUMANA EM RELAÇÃO AO USO PROLONGADO E O PAPEL DO FARMACÊUTICO
Authors: Lima Sibele Dos Santos , Oliveira Talita Brito De 
Published: October 2024

Glucocorticoids are currently used in medicine to cure or treat a variety of diseases, as they have antiinflammatory and immunosuppressive effects that relieve various symptoms. Corticosteroids are hormones naturally synthesized by the human body, the main one being cortisol. These hormones perform important functions, such as controlling the metabolism of nutrients, including carbohydrates, proteins and lipids, which helps the body's energy balance. This research aims to examine the risks related to the prolonged use of corticosteroids, specifically the administration of prednisone in a group at risk of corticosteroid administration. The methodology applied addresses the assessment of risks associated with corticosteroid treatment and highlights the role of the pharmacist in guiding the rational use of these drugs. The study is a critical review of the literature, adopting a descriptive and comparative approach, based on scientific sources.
A INFLUÊNCIA DO USO DE CREATINA EM ADULTOS PRATICANTES DE MUSCULAÇÃO
Authors: Costa Paulo Vitor Souza da , Mendes Sarah Loren dos Santos , Freitas Francisca Marta Nascimento de Oliveira , Lima Luiz Eduardo Rodrigues 
Published: October 2024

Introdução: A creatina é uma substância orgânica formada por três aminoácidos essenciais: glicina, arginina e metionina. O organismo a produz naturalmente, principalmente no fígado, rins e pâncreas, com uma produção diária em torno de 1 grama. A suplementação de creatina, além de influenciar o aumento da massa muscular, tem sido relacionada a melhorias na força e na geração de energia entre fisiculturistas adultos. Esses atletas frequentemente buscam aumentar seus níveis de força como uma maneira de apoiar o crescimento muscular e aprimorar seu desempenho global. Objetivo: analisar a influência do uso de creatina em adultos praticantes de musculação. Metodologia: trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica com consulta em banco de dados: Scielo, Lilacs, BVS e Medline. Resultados: a utilização da creatina promove um aumento na massa magra, na massa muscular e na força, destacando que seus efeitos foram superiores em comparação com outros suplementos ou alimentos. Entre os principais benefícios da suplementação, ressalta-se a melhoria no desempenho dos atletas. Considerações finais: a utilização da creatina promove um aumento na massa magra, na massa muscular e na força, destacando que seus efeitos foram superiores em comparação com outros suplementos ou alimentos. Entre os principais benefícios da suplementação, ressalta-se a melhoria no desempenho dos atletas.
Structural impotence of PDX-1 protein in the epigenetic control of insulin expression
Authors: Wang Jia 
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the role of pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX-1) as an important transcription factor in the epigenetic regulation of insulin expression. The research focused on PDX-1 as a disordered protein, and how the flexibility of its intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) allows PDX-1 to interact with various transcription factors and epigenetic enzymes, facilitating histone modifications and insulin transcription. Particularly, the role of PDX-1 in processes like acetylation, methylation, and demethylation was discussed by detailing its interactions with key enzymes such as p300, Set7, and JMJD3. For instance, PDX-1’s interaction with p300 leads to histone H4 hyperacetylation, enhancing insulin gene expression, while Set7-mediated methylation of H3K4 further promotes transcription. In addition, the demethylation of H3K27 by JMJD3 is also facilitated by the PDX-1 protein. Finally, structural predictions of PDX-1 using AlphaFold III and EMS Fold also highlight the importance of its IDRs in these interactions. The findings highlight the significance of PDX-1 in insulin regulation and offer insights into potential therapeutic targets for treating diabetes from an epigenetic approach.
PENGARUH PENYULUHAN KESEHATAN TERHADAP KEPATUHAN MENGKONSUMSI TABLET FE PADA IBU HAMIL DI RSU GMIM BETHESDA TOMOHON
Authors: Tungka Kartini , Timmerman Ellen , Talamuda Ivilya A 
Published: October 2024

Kehamilan adalah kondisi dimana seorang wanita memiliki janin yang sedang tumbuh di dalam tubuhnya (yang pada umumnya di dalam rahim). Kehamilan pada manusia berkisar 40 minggu atau 9 bulan dihitung dari awal periode menstruasi terakhir sampai melahirkan.Kepatuhan konsumsi tablet Ferrum(fe) yang merupakan salah satu indikator keberhasilan program ini pada kenyataannya belum mencapai 80%. Kepatuhan dalam mengkonsumsi tablet zat besi artinya ibu hamil mengikuti atau rutin mengikuti anjuran yang diberikan oleh petugas kesehatan untuk rutin mengkonsumsi tablet zat besi. Kepatuhan minum tablet zat besi dapat diukur dari ketepatan cara meminum tablet zat besi yang diminum, dan frekuensi minum tablet zat besi perhari. Ibu hamil yang tidak patuh meminum tablet Fe atau tablet zat besi seperti yang ditentukan oleh petugas kesehatan dapat menyebabkan peluang terjadinya anemia. Tujuan penyuluhan ini untuk mengetahui apakah ada pengaruh sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan penyuluhan terhadap kepatuhan mengkonsumsi tablet fe pada ibu hamil.Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan kuantitatif. Desain penelitian mengunakan Pre Eksperimen one group pre post test design.Populasi 39 orang,Sampel sebanyak 30 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purpossive sampling. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan kuesioner diuji dengan menggunakan uji Wilcoxon Hasil penelitian ada pengaruh yang signifikan pengaruh penyuluhan kesehatan terhadap kepatuhan mengkonsumsi tablet fe pada ibu hamil dengan Uji Wicoxon didapatkan ZHitung 4.949b dengan signifikan p=0,000 < 0,05, artinya H1 diterima dan H0 ditolak
Kesimpulan: Dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada perubahan yang signifikan sebelum dan sesudah diberikan penyuluhan.
Risk factors associated with air embolism following computed tomography-guided percutaneous lung biopsy: a retrospective case-control study
Authors: Wu Tingting , Li Shuai , Gao Mengyu , Yang Bin , Wang Yufeng , Xie Tao 
Published: October 2024

Background
Retrospective analysis to identify the risk factors for air embolism following computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy (TNB).

Methods
A retrospective analysis of patients who underwent CT-TNB at The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University and Xuzhou Cancer Hospital from January 2017 to December 2021 was performed. A total of 21 factors relevant to air embolisms were collected. Risk factors associated with air embolisms were determined by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO). The receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) was used to assess the ability of these factors to identify air embolisms.

Results
Of these 32,748 patients, 28 experienced air embolisms (19 at The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University (incidence, 1.46%) and nine at Xuzhou Cancer Hospital (incidence, 0.69%); total incidence, 2.16%). Only seven patients exhibited symptoms (symptom rate, 25.00%). A total of 21 patients were asymptomatic at the time of swept-source CT. No deaths occurred. We found through univariate and multivariate analysis that eight out of these 21 factors are associated with the occurrence of air embolism. The area under the ROC curve was 0.721, indicating good predictive power (P < 0.05).

Conclusion
Cough during the procedure, hemoptysis during the procedure, the distance between the mass and the pulmonary vein, the presence of a cavity in the lesion, lesion location, number of samples, abnormalities in the patient’s coagulation mechanism, and the puncture position may be the risk factors for air embolism in CT-TNB.
Antifungal Potential of Struchium sparganophora (Antsbush): A Promising Candidate for Treating Candidiasis and Cryptococcosis
Authors: Ally-Charles Bibi , Tyrell Ede , Archer Shontel , Seenarine Vishmeta , Gomes Tashanna , Semple Joel , Dey Basil , Boyle Andrew , Hutson Andrew , Vanlewin Obena , Jeeboo Karishma 
Published: October 2024

Aims: The incidence of Candidiasis and Cryptococcosis, and the emergence of acquired antifungal resistance have increased rapidly. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of S. sparganophora leaf extracts against C. albicans and C. neoformans; and to determine whether there was any difference between the antifungal effects of S. sparganophora leaf extracts and two conventional antifungal agents (AFAs).
Study Design: Experiment-based study.
Place and Duration of Study: S. sparganophora leaves was obtained from a site in Kimbia, Berbice River, Guyana; identified by the Biodiversity Centre and tested at the Main Laboratory at the College of Medical Sciences, University of Guyana during January- August 2023.
Methodology: Dried pulverised leaves were macerated using different solvents and concentrated using a rotary evaporator. Sterile filter paper discs were soaked in different concentrations of the various extracts. Antifungal discs were placed on Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar plates seeded with fungi. All plates were incubated and zones of inhibitions (ZOIs) were measured and expressed as mean ± SD.
Results: S. sparganophora leaf extracts showed large ZOI especially at the 100 mg/ml concentrations against all organisms tested. The largest ZOI was seen for the hexane extract against C. neoformans (35.5±5 mm) and C. Albicans In-House B (18.5±3.5 mm) at 100 mg/ml concentrations. No ZOI was observed against the AFA fluconazole by C. albicans In-House B, while large ZOI were observed with the hexane and ethyl acetate extracts at 100 mg/ml concentrations. Statistical analysis showed correlation between the ZOI and concentrations, ZOI and solvent extract, and ZOI and type of fungi.
Conclusion: In conclusion, S. sparganophora leaf extracts have great antifungal activity and in some cases showed greater activity when compared to conventional AFAs.
Long‐term trends in the total electron content
Authors: Lastovicka Jan , Urbar Jaroslav , Kozubek Michal 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe total electron content (TEC) is important among others for Global Navigation Satellite Systems/GPS signal propagation and applications. However, there is only one comprehensive analysis of TEC trends, and the resulted trends are not consistent with trends in other ionospheric parameters. Here we use the TEC data of Lean et al. (2011) and the JPL35 homogeneous TEC data series derived by Emmert et al. (2017). This analysis results in three main conclusions: (1) Too positive TEC trends by Lean et al. (2011) are caused by data problems in 1995–2001, particularly by too low Center for Orbit Determination data. (2) TEC reveals a weak negative trend at the edge of reliability; no trend or trend break is also possible; longer data series than 1994–2015 is required. (3) About 99% of the total variance of yearly average global TEC values is explained by variability of solar activity.
Total Synthesis of Crocagin A
Authors: Bihelovic Filip , Stichnoth Desiree , Surup Frank , Müller Rolf , Trauner Dirk 
Published: August 2017

AbstractCrocagin A (1) combines an attractive molecular structure with an unusual biosynthesis and bioactivity. An efficient synthesis of crocagin A is presented that hinges on an early formation of the heterotricyclic core, an electrophilic amination, and the stereoselective hydrogenation of a tetrasubstituted double bond. This synthesis confirms the absolute configuration of crocagin A and provides access to the natural product and derivatives thereof for further biological testing.
Acid‐Labile Acyclic Cucurbit[n]uril Molecular Containers for Controlled Release
Authors: Mao Dake , Liang Yajun , Liu Yamin , Zhou Xianhao , Ma Jiaqi , Jiang Biao , Liu Jia , Ma Da 
Published: August 2017

AbstractStimuli‐responsive molecular containers are of great importance for controlled drug delivery and other biomedical applications. A new type of acid labile acyclic cucurbit[n]uril (CB[n]) molecular containers is presented that can degrade and release the encapsulated cargo at accelerated rates under mildly acidic conditions (pH 5.5–6.5). These containers retain the excellent recognition properties of CB[n]‐type hosts. A cell culture study demonstrated that the cellular uptake of cargos could be fine‐tuned by complexation with different containers. The release and cell uptake of cargo dye was promoted by acidic pH.