bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The buffering role of positive affect on the association between pain intensity and pain related outcomes
Authors: Thong Ivan S.K. , Tan Gabriel , Jensen Mark P. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

Objectives
Chronic pain is a significant problem worldwide and is associated with significant elevations in negative affect, depressive symptoms, sleep problems, and physical dysfunction. Positive affect could potentially buffer the impact of pain on patient functioning. If it does, then positive affect could be directly targeted in treatment to benefit individuals with chronic pain. The purpose of this study was to test for such moderating effects.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study, we administered measures of pain intensity, depressive symptoms, sleep problems, pain interference, and positive and negative affect to 100 individuals with chronic back or knee pain in a single face-to-face assessment session.

Results
The associations between pain intensity and negative affect, and between pain intensity and depressive symptoms were moderated by positive affect. This moderation effect was explained by the fact that participants with low positive affect evidenced strong associations between pain intensity and both depression and negative affect; participants with high positive affect, on the other hand, evidenced weak and non-significant associations between pain intensity and both depression and negative affect. Positive affect did not moderate the associations between pain intensity and either sleep problems or pain interference.

Conclusion
The findings are consistent with the possibility that positive affect may buffer the impact of pain intensity on negative affect and depressive symptoms. Longitudinal and experimental research is needed to determine the potential benefits of treatments that increase positive affect on negative affect and depressive symptoms in chronic pain populations.

Implications
The study findings suggest the possibility that “positive psychology” interventions which increase positive affect could benefit individuals with chronic pain by reducing the impact of pain on negative outcomes. Research to test this possibility is warranted.
Climatic and tectonic controls on strath terraces along the upper Weihe River in central China
Authors: Gao Hongshan , Li Zongmeng , Ji Yapeng , Pan Baotian , Liu Xiaofeng 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe Weihe River in central China is the largest tributary of the Yellow River and contains a well-developed strath terrace system. A new chronology for the past 1.11 Ma for a spectacular flight of strath terraces along the upper Weihe River near Longxi is defined based on field investigations of loess—paleosol sequences and magnetostratigraphy. All the strath terraces are strikingly similar, having several meters of paleosols that have developed directly on top of fluvial deposits located on the terrace treads. This suggests that the abandonment of each strath terrace by river incision occurred during the transition from glacial to interglacial climates. The average fluvial incision rates during 1.11—0.71 Ma and since 0.13 Ma are 0.35 and 0.32 m/ka, respectively. These incision rates are considerably higher than the average incision rate of 0.16 m/km for the intervening period between 0.71 and 0.13 Ma. Over all our results suggest that cyclic Quaternary climate change has been the main driving factor for strath terrace formation with enhanced episodic uplift.
Additional Ideas for Putting Out the Flames
Authors: Jacobs Rick , Phillips Jean , Gully Stan 
Published: October 2016

It is hard to argue with the central thesis of the focal article (Ruggs et al., 2016) that industrial–organizational (I-O) psychology has much to offer police departments in helping them meet their mission. As an example, the Los Angeles Police Department provides a clear statement that is representative of most police agencies:
It is the mission of the Los Angeles Police Department to safeguard the lives and property of the people we serve, to reduce the incidence and fear of crime, and to enhance public safety while working with the diverse communities to improve their quality of life. Our mandate is to do so with honor and integrity, while at all times conducting ourselves with the highest ethical standards to maintain public confidence. (Los Angeles Police Foundation & LAPD, 2016)
Deletion of mPGES-1 affects platelet functions in mice
Authors: Raouf Joan , Mobarrez Fariborz , Larsson Karin , Jakobsson Per-Johan , Korotkova Marina 
Published: October 2016

Microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase-1 (mPGES-1) constitutes an essential player in inflammation and is involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Platelets participate in the regulation of inflammatory processes by the release of proinflammatory mediators and platelet-derived microparticles (PMPs). However, the role of the inducible mPGES-1/PGE2 pathway in platelet functions has not been investigated. In the present study we report a significant impact of mPGES-1 on platelet functions during inflammation. Wild-type (WT) and mPGES-1−/− knockout (KO) mice were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 24 h. Platelet counts and activation were assessed by flow cytometry analysing CD62P–CD154 expression, PMP numbers, platelet–leukocyte aggregates and platelet aggregation. The accumulation of platelets and fibrinogen in the liver was analysed by immunofluorescent staining. In native platelets from WT and mPGES-1 KO mice, there were no differences among the investigated functions. After LPS treatment, the number of platelets was significantly decreased in WT, but not in KO mice. Platelet activation, platelet–leukocyte aggregates and PMP numbers were all significantly lower in KO mice compared with WT mice after LPS treatment. In addition, KO mice displayed a significant reduction in platelet aggregation ex vivo. In the liver of LPS-stimulated WT and KO mice, there were no differences in platelet accumulation, although the percentage of total vessel area in the KO liver was significantly lower compared with the WT one. Our results demonstrate that systemic inhibition of mPGES-1 prevents platelet activation, which should have important implications with regard to the cardiovascular safety of mPGES-1 inhibitors.
English language development across the curriculum
Authors: Houston Claire 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The article provides information about the English Language Development Across the Curriculum (ELDAC) Project. The ELDAC Project was initiated to develop whole-school responsibility for the English language needs of students of non-English speaking background. The aim was to integrate appropriate language support for NESB learners within all subject areas. The project emphasizes the crucial role that language plays in learning; the relationship between meaning and form; and the need to focus on language development as an integral part of all subjects. The approach is based on a view of language which provides the theoretical framework for the analysis of language demands of high school subjects. A basic tenet of the approach is that the identification of language demands associated with teaching and learning objectives is an essential part of lesson and unit planning and should be reflected in the presentation of content, learning activities, preparation for writing tasks and assessment. Work done by teachers as a result of the project has not only provided necessary support for learning for NESB students but has also resulted in a significant enhancement of the language and learning abilities of many native-speaking students.
Discourse analysis models for second language teaching
Authors: Perrett Gillian 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The categories of the functional-notional syllabus are inadequate because, like the speech act theory on which they are based, they recognize only the social function of language and not its discourse function. A further difficulty is that illocutionary acts do not map onto single utterances as this approach to syllabus design appears to assume. Communicative acts in interactional discourse function both as illocutionary acts (they have an intentional effect on another participant) and as interactional acts (they have a role in structuring the discourse of the interaction). This paper discusses attempts by various discourse analysts to model this fact in three different ways: (1) to conflate both types of function into a single analysis (John Dore), (2) to code all utterances for both types of function keeping the two sets of analysis separate (Willis Edmonson) and (3) to code the two types of function in a manner which relates them to each other in a systematic manner (Gordon Wells, Jim Martin). Problems with each solution are discussed, but the need for language materials writers to take a broader view of language function is stressed.
The role of linguistics in peace and conflict studies
Authors: Clyne Michael 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
This paper discusses various meanings of the word “peace” and its equivalents in a variety of languages. It argues that “peace” has developed as the marked alternative to “war”. It investigates the consequences of this use of language and suggests actions that linguists might take to reduce the markedness of “peace” at the international, national and interpersonal levels.
Academic communication in a foreign language
Authors: Baldauf Richard , Jernudd Björn H. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The view that Science consists of cooperative networks formed amongst invisible colleges of scholars is discussed and the role of language in scholarly communication is described. A detailed description of one such network, that formed by Scandinavian Psychologists, and the role that language plays in communicating information within and to those external to that network is then provided.
Ensuring the survival of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages into the 21st century
Authors: Shopen Tim , Reid Nicholas , Shopen Glenda , Wilkins David 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
There were over 200 distinct languages in Australia at the time of European settlement. Today less than 40 of these are still being passed on to new generations, and all of these are under threat of extinction. Aboriginal people are struggling to adapt themselves to the massive European presence without losing their identity. The greatest threat to Aboriginal languages is the physical, economic and social situation in which their speakers find themselves. Language maintenance will not be possible without social maintenance and this in turn is a political issue. The most important factor will be the success of Aboriginal people in gaining control and self-reliance in their communities. The government can help by assisting in a program of self-determination where Aboriginal people participate at least equally with others in decisions concerning priorities and funding, and in addition by educating non-Aboriginal people to the value of the Aboriginal part of our cultural heritage. Aboriginal teacher education is of primary importance with the goal of schools with Aboriginal control where Aboriginal teachers develop the curriculum and the pedagogy. It is in this context that bilingual education can be put to best use. Bilingual education is of great importance but it must be used not just to assimilate Aboriginal children more easily into English and Western schooling but to have Aboriginal languages and English used together in a coherent educational program where the children become strong in two languages and in the academic and cultural skills they need for contemporary life. Like education, media has the potential for strengthening Aboriginal languages and oultures as well as for destroying them. The outcome will depend on the extent to which Aboriginal people themselves can control what is broadcast and printed.
Language death among Australian languages
Authors: Fesl E.D. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
This paper looks at the history of language policy formulation and implementation in conjunction with social factors influencing attitudes to both Koorie1 people and their languages.
It endeavours to trace the process of enforced language shift, with consequent language death, in the social history of Australia.
Factors which aid or are hastening language death in the contemporary period are also discussed.
Attention is drawn to the rapidity with which language death has occurred and will continue to occur if measures are not taken to curb the current trends.
Varbrul analysis in applied linguistics
Authors: Horvath Barbara M. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
VARBRUL analysis is a well known technique used in sociolinguistics for the analysis of variable linguistic phenomena and it is suggested that it would also be useful as a tool in Applied Linguistics. A VARBRUL analysis was undertaken of the placement of students of non-English speaking background (NESB) in high, average and low English and mathematics streams in N.S.W. high schools. The purpose of the study was to determine whether or not NESB students were over-represented in the low stream. The factor groups analyzed were ethnic background, school subject and country of birth.
Transference markers in New Zealand Italian
Authors: Kinder John J. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe spoken Italian of migrant Italians in New Zealand contains verbal devices which accompany items transferred from English. These “transference markers” (paralinguistic and prosodic features, hesitation phenomena, hedges, synonymous glosses and explicative statements) convey the speaker’s awareness that the marked items are in fact transfers, and invite a response, verbal or otherwise, from the hearer. This exchange of signals is one way in which conversational interactants negotiate a consensus as to what is comprehensible and acceptable linguistic behaviour to both. Migrant bilinguals can thus be shown to be not only creative language users but also more able than is usually thought, to monitor and control the transference process in their speech.
Factors influencing the initial stages of foreign language phoneme acquisition
Authors: Ronowicz Edmund A. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The paper presents an analysis of the initial stages of foreign language phoneme acquisition and a report from two years of empirical research designed to verify the validity of some of its findings. The most interesting results seem to have been obtained so far in the study of those linguistic and non-linguistic factors which are related to the learner’s age: they indicate that interference from native phonemes the learners have stored in their memory may not necessarily be the only, or the most important, factor responsible for older learners’ problems with learning foreign phonemes during the initial stages.
Communicative grammar awareness development in language education
Authors: Thomas Andrew L. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The ambiguity in the title is meaningful in the following way: ‘Communicative Grammar’ describes the relationship between the rules of grammar and the pragmatic principles of communication. ‘Communicative Development’ of awareness of this relationship is a procedure which involves learners in solving problems of communicative grammar, as an individual, group and class activity. Learners for whom this procedure is most appropriate include advanced students of language, language teachers and language teacher educators, rather than language learners, whose need is to acquire language competence rather than awareness. The paper describes, exemplifies and justifies the process and the product.
Types of oral translation in the Australian context
Authors: Gentile Adolfo 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
This paper discusses oral translation work carried out in Australia. It argues that the physical presence of the translator is a significant factor both for the act of translation and for the development of typologies of translation. In his highly readable and extremely thought-provoking book Grammatical Man Jeremy Campbell titles one of his chapters “The Struggle against Randomness” (Campbell, 1982:75). I believe that this is an apt definition of our particular concerns with the development of text typologies. I consider it a struggle because in my view we are still grappling with the randomness of phenomena; we are still in a high entropy state. The aim of this paper is to attempt to make a small contribution to the typology debate by outlining some observations of certain data which form part of the random world of texts; these data are different in at least two ways: one, they are derived from the Australian context and two, they refer to “oral translations” which, while being specific to the Australian context are firmly ensconced in the universe of oral translations. I intend to briefly describe the Australian context and then outline the characteristics of that context which sets it apart from others. I shall then discuss a theoretical framework for the observations which will be subsequently described and finally, I shall venture a possible avenue for further investigation.
Teaching the meanings of words
Authors: Bradshaw Julie 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
This paper explores the practice of meaning elaboration in language teaching. From observations of eight English language tutors at work, it is observed that there are six dimensions which may be exploited in the process. The explanation may link an item to others within the linguistic system by means of sense relations, it may specify the semantic attributes or components that are considered salient, it may indicate the referents of the item, it may contextualize the item, or specify the preconditions for its occurrence, or it may invoke metalanguage. Discourse devices may be employed to indicate which of these aspects are being employed. The paper examines in detail the processes of contextualization and the specification of preconditions.
From guest to family friend
Authors: Rubino Antonia 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
This articles reports on the fieldwork methodology that was adopted to collect naturally occurring conversations within an Italo-Australian family. In particular, it focusses on the gradual development of the researcher’s position from an outsider to the family network to an insider of a special kind, as reflected through gradual changes in the topics and discourse structure of the conversations, the participants’ constellation and the languages used. The articles evaluates some major adjustments that had to be made to the ethnographic methods adopted as initial fieldwork models. It concludes that any method needs modifications in order to suit the specific speech community under scrutiny as well as the linguistic focus of the research.
Through the glass darkly?
Authors: Rado Marta , Foster Lois 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The implementation of the National Policy on Languages depends on a viable infrastructure including qualified teachers, effective methodologies, suitable materials, equitable access to a range of courses and, significantly, some agreement and flexibility within that concensus on the nature and purposes of tertiary language courses. This paper illuminates the various approaches tertiary language teachers have adopted in response to the recommendations of the National Policy, the pressures of the Dawkin’s era in higher education and their view on the value of studying languages. The paper also makes recommendations as to how to reconcile the conflicting views that emerge.
Gender differences in a bilingual Tamil-English community
Authors: Saravan Vanithamani 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
In this paper the relationship between socio-cultural, socio-economic factors and linguistic variables in a bilingual community in Singapore is examined. The results show that education and socio-economic status correlate significantly with linguistic variables. Socio-economic status and socio-psychological factors best help to explain gender differences in linguistic variation.
The role of language in television news violence
Authors: Paridaen Paul 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
This paper analyzes the role of language in the perception of violence in television news stories. 240 people were asked to watch and/or listen to news stories and then to record their perception of the information. The difference between perceived violence from pictures only on the one hand, and spoken narrative with or without pictures on the other, was highly significant, indicating that the spoken narrative was responsible for the perception of violence in the stories.
Miscommunication in the medical encounter
Authors: Worley Leticia , Elder Catherine 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe paper draws upon a study of interaction between staff and non-native speakers of English in the Outpatients Department carried out at the request of a large public hospital. It discusses the nature of communication in the medical setting and the effects of institutionalized models of interaction on patients of both non-English speaking and English-speaking background. An attempt is made to characterize typical language exchanges at various points in patients’ passage through the system and to offer explanations for communication problems arising from selected interactions between patients and hospital staff. Outcomes of these interactions as evidenced by patients’ ability to demonstrate understanding of their medication regimes are also considered.While according cross-cultural factors an important role in communication with non-English speakers, and accepting that NESB patients on account of their limited English may be disadvantaged in the medical encounter, it was concluded that communication difficulties can arise intraculturally as well as cross-culturally and that the differentiated roles of staff and patients constitute the overriding constraint on effective communication. Implications are drawn for the ways in which social interaction between unequal parties is mediated through language.
The evolution of languages administrative policies in New South Wales
Authors: Croft Kerrie , Macpherson R.J.S. ‘Mac’ 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
This paper identifies the nature of the administrative policies prior to ‘The Wyndham Report’ and then traces changes up until the late 1970s. It reports research that used documentary analysis and depth interviews, and has three main findings. First, the administrative policy changes from 1962 to 1979 overlooked their impact on Languages education. Second, school-based decision making exposed Languages to diverse administrative practices, including those that reinforced elitism. Third, the falling numbers of candidates being examined in Languages in the late 1970s was only halted by the introduction of ‘Z Courses’ and by the demand for community languages.
From the earliest days of civilization — and until quite recently — it went without saying that the principal business of education was to ensure that an educated person had a mastery of language.
Modern Language Association, USA, 1977)
Towards a further analysis of teacher talk
Authors: Love Kristina 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Current systems for analyzing classroom talk require some refinement in order that they may be applied for professional development purposes. Sinclair and Coulthard’s (1975) system is particularly useful as a potential tool for diagnostic purposes, but requires further development at the level of ‘act’ both in order to clarify theoretical frameworks and to provide manageability in terms of its application. This study will present a first approximation towards the development of a more refined system of classifying classroom discourse. In its focus on teacher talk, it will provide a preliminary taxonomy of types of teacher acts. This taxonomy, it is hoped, will both inform existing theory and provide a diagnostic tool in the training of teachers.