bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of 2 Acetaminophen Dosing Regimens in Febrile Infants and Children: A Report on 3 Legacy Studies
Authors: Temple Anthony R. , Zimmerman Brenda , Gelotte Cathy , Kuffner Edwin K. 
Published: March 2017

OBJECTIVE Compare efficacy and safety of 10 to 15 mg/kg with 20 to 30 mg/kg acetaminophen in febrile children 6 months to ≤ 11 years from 3 double-blind, randomized, single or multiple dose studies.METHODS Doses were compared on sum of the temperature differences (SUMDIFF), maximum temperature difference (MAXDIFF), temperature differences at each time point, and dose by time interactions. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was evaluated in the 72-hour duration study.RESULTS A single dose of acetaminophen 20 to 30 mg/kg produced a greater effect on temperature decrement and duration of antipyretic effect over 8 hours than a single dose of 10 to 15 mg/kg. When equivalent total doses (i.e., 2 doses of 10 to 15 mg/kg given at 4-hour intervals and 1 dose of 20 to 30 mg/kg) were given over the initial 8-hour period, there were no significant temperature differences. Over a 72-hour period, 10 to 15 mg/kg acetaminophen administered every 4 hours maintained a more consistent temperature decrement than 20 to 30 mg/kg acetaminophen administered every 8 hours. Following doses of 60 to 90 mg/kg/day for up to 72 hours, no child had a clinically important increase in ALT from baseline. The number of children with reported adverse events was similar between doses.CONCLUSIONS Data demonstrate the antipyretic effect of acetaminophen is dependent on total dose over a given time interval. These 3 studies provide clinical evidence that the recommended standard acetaminophen dose of 10 to 15 mg/kg is a safe and effective dose for treating fever in pediatric patients when administered as a single dose or as multiple doses for up to 72 hours.
Intranasal Dexmedetomidine as a Sedative for Pediatric Procedural Sedation
Authors: Behrle Natalie , Birisci Esma , Anderson Jordan , Schroeder Sara , Dalabih Abdallah 
Published: March 2017

OBJECTIVE This study seeks to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intranasal (IN) dexmedetomidine as a sedative medication for non-invasive procedural sedation.
METHODS Subjects 6 months to 18 years of age undergoing non-invasive elective procedures were included. Dexmedetomidine (3 mcg/kg) was administered IN 40 minutes before the scheduled procedure time. The IN dexmedetomidine cohort was matched and compared to a cohort of 690 subjects who underwent sedation for similar procedures without the use of dexmedetomidine to evaluate for observed events/interventions and procedural times.
RESULTS One hundred (92%) of the 109 included subjects were successfully sedated with IN dexmedetomidine. There were no significant differences in the rate of observed events/interventions in comparison to the non-dexmedetomidine cohort. However, the IN dexmedetomidine group had a longer postprocedure sleep time when compared to the non-dexmedetomidine cohort (p &lt; 0.001), which had a significant effect on recovery time (p = 0.024). Also, the dexmedetomidine cohort had longer procedure time and total admit time (p &lt; 0.001 and p = 0.037, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS IN dexmedetomidine may be used for non-invasive pediatric procedural sedation. Subjects receiving IN dexmedetomidine had a similar rate of observed events/interventions as the subjects receiving non-dexmedetomidine sedation, with the exception of sleeping time. Also, patients sedated with IN dexmedetomidine had longer time to discharge, procedure time, and total admit time in comparison to other forms of sedation.
Nebulized Gentamicin as an Alternative to Nebulized Tobramycin for Tracheitis in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Chen Justin K. , Martin-McNew Brittany L. , Lubsch Lisa M. 
Published: March 2017

OBJECTIVES Tracheitis is an infection of the lower respiratory tract and is defined by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) based on signs and symptoms with no radiographic evidence of pneumonia. One method of treatment involves the use of tobramycin given by nebulizer. The purpose of this study was to compare the safety and efficacy of nebulized gentamicin with nebulized tobramycin.
METHODS This study was conducted in patients under 21 years of age who received greater than or equal to 1 day of gentamicin, 80 mg, or tobramycin, 300 mg, given twice a day by nebulization within the 14-month study period. The primary endpoint was amount of time until the patient no longer met the CDC definition of tracheitis.
RESULTS There were 19 patients who presented with 60 separate encounters. The average age of the patients within the gentamicin group was 7.2 and 5 years old within the tobramycin group. The average duration of time for the gentamicin treatment encounters to be free of the CDC definition of tracheitis was 3.36 days compared to 3.17 days with tobramycin. No adverse effects were observed that were attributable to aminoglycoside nebulization.
CONCLUSIONS No differences were detected between the safety and efficacy of intravenous gentamicin administered twice a day by nebulizer and that of tobramycin inhalation solution given twice daily in children without cystic fibrosis.
Tides and Water Levels
Authors: Haigh Ivan D. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Sea level relates to the vertical change in height of the sea surface, which occurs over all time and space scales. The observed sea level (excluding wind waves) can be regarding as being the combination of tides, nontidal residuals, and mean sea level. Tides are the most predictable and dominant component of sea‐level fluctuations in many parts of the world. To fully understand, predict, and categorize them, one must understand both the astronomical forcing that gives rise to them and also the hydrodynamic response of the oceans, to this forcing. The nontidal residual is the part of the sea level that remains once the tidal component has been removed and primarily contains the meteorological contribution to sea level. The most dramatic meteorological sea‐level changes occur during storms, when low atmospheric pressure allows sea level to rise and strong winds force water toward the coastline. Mean sea level is the average height of the sea over longer periods of time with the short‐term variations associated with tide and storm surges averaged out. The main climate‐related factors that are currently causing mean sea levels to rise are: the melting of land‐based sources of ice; thermal expansion of seawater; and changes in terrestrial hydrological regimes.
When Research “Unravels”: One Community Psychologist's Tale of Becoming a Nepantlera
Authors: Silva Janelle M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis is an autoethnography of one community psychologist's reflections on the abrupt conclusion of a project that resulted in the dismantlement of a Latinx Student Union at a public middle school in the Pacific Northwest. Gloria Anzaldúa's (Borderlands/La Frontera: The new mestiza, Aunt Lute Books, San Francisco, 2002) notion of nepantla is used to situate how an individual's personal identities often intersects with their professional identities in ways that collide within the research environment. Drawing on the “heart work” core competencies within the field of community psychology (The Community Psychologist, 45, 2012, 8; American Journal of Community Psychology, 55, 2015, 266) and extending the dialogue of feminist community psychologists engaged in narrative work (American Journal of Community Psychology, 37, 2006, 157; American Journal of Community Psychology, 37, 2006, 267; Feminist research practice: A primer, Sage, Los Angeles, 2014; American Journal of Community Psychology, 28, 2000, 883), the author addresses why it is important for researchers of Color engaged in community collaborations to reflect on projects that have unraveled to understand how their positionality shifts within social contexts.
Brønsted‐Acid‐Catalyzed Multicomponent One‐Pot Reaction: Efficient Synthesis of Polysubstituted 1,2‐Dihydropyridines
Authors: Xie Yi‐Bi , Ye Si‐Pei , Chen Wei‐Feng , Hu Yu‐Lin , Li De‐Jiang , Wang Long 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAn efficient method for the synthesis of 1,2‐dihydropyridine derivatives from simple and readily available aromatic ketones, DMF, amines and propargylic alcohols has been developed via a Brønsted‐acid‐catalyzed multicomponent one‐pot reaction. This reaction proceeded smoothly under metal‐ and ligand‐free conditions in good yields, leading to functional organic molecules, via a self‐organized sequence.
Efficient Construction of Well‐Defined Multicompartment Porous Systems in a Modular and Chemically Orthogonal Fashion
Authors: Gao Ning , Tian Tian , Cui Jiecheng , Zhang Wanlin , Yin Xianpeng , Wang Shiqiang , Ji Jingwei , Li Guangtao 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA microfluidic assembly approach was developed for efficiently producing hydrogel spheres with reactive multidomains that can be employed as an advantageous platform to create spherical porous networks in a facile manner with well‐defined multicompartments and spatiotemporally controlled functions. This strategy allows for not only large scale fabrication of various robust hydrogel microspheres with controlled size and porosity, but also the domains embedded in hydrogel network could be introduced in a modular manner. Additionally, the number of different domains and their ratio could be widely variable on demand. More importantly, the reactive groups distributed in individual domains could be used as anchor sites to further incorporate functional units in an orthogonal fashion, leading to well‐defined multicompartment systems. The strategy provides a new and efficient route to construct well‐defined functional multicompartment systems with great flexibility and extendibility.
A sensitive quantitative assay for the determination of propafenone and two metabolites, 5‐hydroxypropafenone and N‐depropylpropafenone, in human K2EDTA plasma using LC–MS/MS with ESI operated in positive mode
Authors: Patel Harilal , Ghoghari Ashok , Bhatt Chandrakant , Shah Shaival , Jha Anilkumar , Desai Nirmal , Srinivas Nuggehally R. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPropafenone is a potent antiarrhythmic agent; clinically propafenone has been used for a number of cardiac arrhythmias because it possesses multiple modes of action, via beta adrenergic receptor blockade and calcium antagonistic activity. Propafenone (PPF) exhibits extensive saturable presystemic biotransformation (first‐pass effect) resulting in two active metabolites: 5‐hydroxypropafenone (5‐OH PPF) formed by CYP2D6 and N‐depropylpropafenone (NDP) formed by both CYP3A4 and CYP1A2 enzymes. A specific and sensitive LC–MS/MS method was developed and validated for quantitation of PPF, 5‐OH PPF and NDP using turboion spray in a positive ion mode. A solid‐phase extraction was employed for the extraction from human plasma. Chromatographic separation of analytes was achieved using an ACE‐5 C8 (50 × 4.6 mm) column with a gradient mobile phase comprising ammonium acetate containing 0.01% TFA in purified water and acetonitrile. The retention times achieved were 1.36, 1.23, 1.24 min and 1.34 min for PPF, 5‐OH PPF, NDP and IS (carbamazepine), respectively. Quantitation was performed by monitoring multiple reaction monitoring transition pairs of m/z 342.30 to m/z 116.20, m/z 358.30 to m/z 116.20, m/z 300.30 to m/z 74.20 and m/z 237.20 to m/z 194.10, respectively. The developed method was validated for various parameters. The calibration curves of PPF and 5‐OH PPF showed linearity from 1 to 500 ng/mL, with a lower limit of quantitation of 1.0 ng/mL and for NDP linearity from 0.1 to 25 ng/mL with a lower limit of quantitation of 0.1 ng/mL. The bias and precision for intra‐ and‐inter batch assays were <10 and 5%, respectively. The developed assay was used to evaluate pharmacokinetic properties of propafenone and its major metabolites in healthy human subjects.
Workshop: Theory Development Within the Information Sciences
Authors: Chu Sam , Sonnenwald Diane H. , Wu Mei‐Mei , Chang ShanJu Lin 
Published: March 2017

EDITOR'S SUMMARYThe Theory Development within the Information Sciences workshop was held on October 15, 2016, at the ASIS&T Annual Meeting in Copenhagen, Denmark. The two main goals of the theory development workshop were to understand stages of theory development and discuss solutions to common challenges in the field, and to gauge the interests of the participants on theory development strategies. Diane Sonnenwald gave an overview on theory development based on her own experiences, Sam Chu talked about theory development applied to inquiry project‐based learning, Mei‐Mei Wu discussed multi methodologies in information retrieval and ShanJu Lin Chang touched on theory development processes in research on browsing phenomena. The workshop's second half was a roundtable discussion that involved participants discussing challenges in the field and receiving feedback from the presenters.
Research in Information Science Award: Everyday Life Information Seeking
Authors: Savolainen Reijo 
Published: March 2017

EDITOR'S SUMMARYReijo Savolainen, 2016 recipient of the ASIS&T Research in Information Science Award, observes that research on information behavior tends to be skewed more heavily toward the context of the workplace, but focusing on everyday life information seeking (ELIS) brings information behavior into the sphere of ordinary life. Using Brenda Dervin's sense‐making methodology, research on ELIS can illuminate information seeking behavior for individuals in many different fields and circles. Qualitative study results from environmental activists, home buyers and unemployed individuals reveal how these groups seek information to help solve everyday problems. These studies highlight the use of information source horizons and preferred information seeking paths of individuals, showing patterns in how far people search for information and where they prefer to begin and end their searches. While social media provided useful information in these contexts, the information was often clouded behind affective factors when dealing with sensitive or controversial topics and thus were not always reliable or accessible to all.
Designing a Metaphor for Your Model
Authors: Creekmore Laura 
Published: March 2017

EDITOR'S SUMMARYCreating metaphors to explain a data model is vital to explain the model to people without the knowledge or experience to understand it quickly. Much like family trees evoke a sense of relationships between people by using the structure and design of a tree, strong metaphors for information architecture can help anyone understand the relationships in any data model. Good metaphors, such as web “pages,” stick with people, even if they are not completely accurate. New ways of expressing relationships in data demand new metaphors in order to express the necessity of data models to executives deciding whether or not to fund a project or even programmers that need to build around the model. Complex metaphors such as oceans, with ecosystems of fish and other organisms reacting to their environment, are far more accurate and fluid for explaining modern information architecture.
Selectivity Effects in Bimetallic Catalysis: Role of the Metal Sites in the Decomposition of Formic Acid into H2 and CO2 by the Coinage Metal Binuclear Complexes [dppmMM′(H)]+
Authors: Zavras Athanasios , Krstić Marjan , Dugourd Philippe , Bonačić‐Koutecký Vlasta , O'Hair Richard A. J. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractDesign of new bimetallic catalysts requires an understanding of how cooperative effects of the metal sites influences reactivity. Here we show how switching one or both of the silver atoms in binuclear silver hydride cations, [dppmAg2(H)]+ (dppm=1,1‐Bis(diphenylphosphino)‐methane), with all combinations of copper and/or gold maintains selective dehydrogenation of formic acid, enhancing reactivity by up to 2 orders of magnitude. This is a key step in the selective, catalyzed extrusion of carbon dioxide from formic acid, HO2CH, with important applications in hydrogen storage and in situ generation of H2. Decarboxylation of [dppmMM′(O2CH)]+ through collision induced dissociation regenerates [dppmMM′(H)]+. DFT calculations provide insights into these cooperative effects. The copper homobinuclear catalyst performs best overall.
Examination of Selectivity in the Oxidation of ortho‐ and meta‐Disubstituted Benzenes by CYP102A1 (P450 Bm3) Variants
Authors: Munday Samuel D. , Dezvarei Shaghayegh , Lau Ian C.‐K. , Bell Stephen G. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractCytochrome P450 CYP102A1 (P450 Bm3) variants were used to investigate the products arising from the P450 catalysed oxidation of a range of disubstituted benzenes. The variants used all generated increased levels of metabolites compared to the wild‐type enzyme. With ortho‐halotoluenes up to six different metabolites could be identified whereas the oxidation of 2‐methoxytoluene generated only two aromatic oxidation products. Addition of an ethyl group markedly shifted the selectivity for oxidation to the more reactive benzylic position. Epoxidation of an alkene was also preferred to aromatic oxidation in 2‐methylstyrene. Significant minor products arising from the migration of one substituent to a different position on the benzene ring were formed during certain P450‐catalysed substrate turnovers. For example, 2‐bromo‐6‐methylphenol was formed from the turnover of 2‐bromotoluene and the dearomatisation product 6‐ethyl‐6‐methylcyclohex‐2,4‐dienone was generated from the oxidation of 2‐ethyltoluene. The RLYF/A330P variant altered the product distribution enabling the generation of certain metabolites in higher quantities. Using this variant produced 4‐methyl‐2‐ethylphenol from 3‐ethyltoluene with ≥90 % selectivity and with a biocatalytic activity suitable for scale‐up of the reaction.
Heterogeneous One‐Pot Carbonylation and Mizoroki–Heck Reaction in a Parallel Manner Following the Cleavage of Cinnamaldehyde Derivatives
Authors: Hattori Tomohiro , Ueda Shun , Takakura Ryoya , Sawama Yoshinari , Monguchi Yasunari , Sajiki Hironao 
Published: March 2017

AbstractCarbon monoxide (CO) and styrene derivatives that can be both generated by a palladium on carbon (Pd/C)‐catalyzed carbon–carbon (C−C) bond cleavage reaction of cinnamaldehyde derivatives were effectively utilized in further palladium‐catalyzed C−C bond forming reactions in a direct and practical way. CO derived from simple and affordable CO carriers such as cinnamaldehyde or terephthalaldehyde was efficiently employed in the in situ CO fixation with various aromatic iodides through a palladium‐catalyzed carbonylation followed by an inter‐ or intramolecular coupling reaction with alcohols to afford the corresponding esters or lactones, respectively. Styrene derivatives were also efficient substrates in an in situ Mizoroki–Heck‐type cross‐coupling reaction with aryl iodides, leading to the effective formation of asymmetric stilbenes. The decarbonylation of cinnamaldehyde derivatives and the subsequent independent syntheses of both esters/lactones and 1,2‐diarylethenes could be achieved in a virtual one‐pot and in situ reaction using a H‐shaped pressure‐tight glass‐sealed tube consisting of two independent but laterally connected reaction tubes in the gas space.
Carboranes as Aryl Mimetics in Catalysis: A Highly Active Zwitterionic NHC‐Precatalyst
Authors: Selg Christoph , Neumann Wilma , Lönnecke Peter , Hey‐Hawkins Evamarie , Zeitler Kirsten 
Published: March 2017

AbstractModern catalysis takes advantage of aryl‐based interactions to tune and control reactions. In the design of N‐heterocyclic‐carbene catalysts, both the electronic and steric nature of the nitrogen substituents play a crucial role. Although hydrocarbon‐based systems and especially aryl residues have contributed considerably to overcome multifaceted catalytic challenges, the unique properties of carborane moieties, including delocalized charge, potential planar chirality, and well‐known thermodynamic stability, offer unprecedented opportunities to develop new catalysts while being employed as aryl mimetics. We report a straightforward synthetic route to a novel zwitterionic triazolium‐based N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) precatalyst bearing a 7,8‐dicarba‐nido‐undecaboranyl substituent. The catalyst's excellent activity and its broad applicability are demonstrated in a wide range of organocatalytic transformations. Comparison of the performance with known N‐aryl NHC catalysts offers preliminary insights into the stereoelectronic nature of this nido‐carboranyl substituent.
Methoxylation and Direct Hydrogenative Coupling of Chloronitrobenzenes in Continuous Flow
Authors: Shi Songjie , Wan Li , Sun Xiaoning , Zhang Jiawei , Guo Kai 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA novel continuous flow method for the methoxylation of chloronitrobenzenes was developed. The reaction went smoothly and high yields were achieved under the optimized conditions. Furthermore, up to 76% yield of azoxybenzenes were obtained from the corresponding nitrobenzenes in the presence of NaOH in continuous flow. Compared to batch conditions, the reaction time was significantly shortened, and the chemical waste was reduced obviously.
Recent Progress on Transition Metal (Fe, Co, Ni, Ti and V) Complex Catalysts in Olefin Polymerization with High Thermal Stability
Authors: Ma Zhifeng , Yang Wenhong , Sun Wen‐Hua 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe design and synthesis of transition metal complexes with high thermal stability in olefin polymerization have become more and more important in order to meet the need of industrial application. This review focuses on the transition metal complex catalyst with high thermal stability containing different structures, including the backbone of bis(imino)pyridine, α‐diimine and other types of ligands. Besides the catalytic activity, the influence of reaction temperature on the molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of the obtained polymer was also described. The plausible mechanism on the stability of catalysts at high temperature was proposed, which may give guidance to design catalyst with good thermal stability.
Recent Advances in Oxidative ipso‐Annulation of N‐Arylpropiolamides
Authors: Song Renjie , Xie Yexiang 
Published: March 2017

AbstractOxidative radical reactions have attracted much attention due to their extensive applications in organic synthesis. We herein summarize recent progress in the oxidative ipso‐annulation of N‐arylpropiolamides with various functional reagents, including ethers, alkanes, aldehydes, NaSO2CF3, tert‐butyl nitrite, disulfides, thiophenols, sulfonylhydrazides, AgSCF3, tetra‐n‐butyl ammonium bromide (TBAB), phosphorus and silanes, for the construction of diverse substituted spirocycles. Moreover, the mechanisms for the oxidative ipso‐annulation of N‐arylpropiolamides were also discussed.
Post‐selection inference for ‐penalized likelihood models
Authors: Taylor Jonathan , Tibshirani Robert 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe present a new method for post‐selection inference for (lasso)'penalized likelihood models, including generalized regression models. Our approach generalizes the post‐selection framework presented in Lee et al. (2013). The method provides P‐values and confidence intervals that are asymptotically valid, conditional on the inherent selection done by the lasso. We present applications of this work to (regularized) logistic regression, Cox's proportional hazards model, and the graphical lasso. We do not provide rigorous proofs here of the claimed results, but rather conceptual and theoretical sketches. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 46: 41–61; 2018 © 2017 Statistical Society of Canada