bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous reporting of suspected narcolepsy after vaccination against pandemic influenza A (H1N1) in Germany
Authors: Oberle Doris , Pavel Jutta , Keller‐Stanislawski Brigitte 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPurposeWe aimed at investigating whether, in Germany, the number of individual case safety reports (ICSR) of confirmed narcolepsy following Pandemrix® vaccination notified to the Paul‐Ehrlich‐Institut (PEI, German Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines) was higher than expected when compared with the prepandemic background incidence rates.MethodsICSR of narcolepsy after vaccination with Pandemrix® notified to the PEI until September 2016 were reviewed and validated according to the criteria of narcolepsy defined by the Brighton Collaboration (BC). Cases fulfilling the criteria of BC levels of diagnostic certainty 1 to 4a with symptoms onset after vaccination with Pandemrix® were eligible. Adjustment for underreporting was performed with cases of narcolepsy recruited within the scope of the German Narcolepsy Study using capture‐recapture methods. An observed versus expected (OvE) analysis was conducted based on adjusted case numbers using risk windows for symptoms onset within 4 and 6 months following vaccination.ResultsBy the end of September 2016, a total of 85 ICSR of narcolepsy after vaccination with Pandemrix® had been notified to the PEI 52 of which were eligible. The OvE estimates for the 4 and 6 months risk windows were 3.8 (95% CI: 2.6–5.4) and 2.8 (95% CI: 2.0–3.9), respectively. The number of excess cases was higher in children and adolescents (15‐fold and 11.7‐fold increased OvE estimate) than in adults (2.1‐fold and 1.5‐fold increased estimate).ConclusionsCompared with the prepandemic background incidence rate, the number of incident narcolepsy cases was 3.8‐fold and 2.8‐fold as high.
Stability of linear stochastic delay differential equations with infinite Markovian switchings
Authors: Song Ruili , Zhu Quanxin 
Published: August 2017

SummaryThis paper investigates the stability of linear stochastic delay differential equations with infinite Markovian switchings. Some novel exponential stability criteria are first established based on the generalized It
formula and linear matrix inequalities. Then, a new sufficient condition is proposed for the equivalence of 4 stability definitions, namely, asymptotic mean square stability, stochastic stability, exponential mean square stability with conditioning, and exponential mean square stability. In particular, our results generalize and improve some of the previous results. Finally, two examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed results.
Mediation analysis for a survival outcome with time‐varying exposures, mediators, and confounders
Authors: Lin Sheng‐Hsuan , Young Jessica G. , Logan Roger , VanderWeele Tyler J. 
Published: August 2017

We propose an approach to conduct mediation analysis for survival data with time‐varying exposures, mediators, and confounders. We identify certain interventional direct and indirect effects through a survival mediational g‐formula and describe the required assumptions. We also provide a feasible parametric approach along with an algorithm and software to estimate these effects. We apply this method to analyze the Framingham Heart Study data to investigate the causal mechanism of smoking on mortality through coronary artery disease. The estimated overall 10‐year all‐cause mortality risk difference comparing “always smoke 30 cigarettes per day” versus “never smoke” was 4.3 (95% CI = (1.37, 6.30)). Of the overall effect, we estimated 7.91% (95% CI: = 1.36%, 19.32%) was mediated by the incidence and timing of coronary artery disease. The survival mediational g‐formula constitutes a powerful tool for conducting mediation analysis with longitudinal data.
Super‐resolution Fluorescence Imaging for Materials Science
Authors: Wöll Dominik , Flors Cristina 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWhile super‐resolution fluorescence imaging has mostly seen applications in the life sciences, an increasing number of laboratories are using these techniques to study materials. This often requires adaptation of the more commonly employed protocols that have been developed for biological systems. Here, the most representative examples of the use of super‐resolution fluorescence microscopy to study a wide range of materials, including polymers, nanofibers, carbon nanostructures, inorganic materials, and other nonbiological systems, are collected. Due to its ability to provide dynamic information, to probe below the outer surface of a material, and to gain information at the molecular level beyond ensemble averaging, super‐resolution fluorescence microscopy has the potential to provide new insights that complement those obtained by well‐established techniques in materials science.
Women’s Progress for Men’s Gain? Gender-Specific Changes in the Return to Education as Measured by Family Standard of Living, 1990 to 2009–2011
Authors: Kim ChangHwan , Sakamoto Arthur 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis study investigates gender-specific changes in the total financial return to education among persons of prime working ages (35–44 years) using U.S. Census data from 1990 and 2000, and the 2009–2011 American Community Survey. We define the total financial return to education as the family standard of living as measured by family income adjusted for family size. Our results indicate that women experienced significant progress in educational attainment and labor market outcomes over this time period. Ironically, married women’s progress in education and personal earnings has led to greater improvement in the family standard of living for married men than for women themselves. Gender-specific changes in assortative mating are mostly responsible for this paradoxical trend. Because the number of highly educated women exceeds the number of highly educated men in the marriage market, the likelihood of educational marrying up has substantially increased for men over time while women’s likelihood has decreased. Sensitivity analyses show that the greater improvement in the family standard of living for men than for women is not limited to prime working-age persons but is also evident in the general population. Consequently, women’s return to education through marriage declined while men’s financial gain through marriage increased considerably.
Collaborative academic medical product development: An 8-year review of commercialization outcomes at the Institute of Translational Health Sciences
Authors: Rose Lynn M. , Wills Fiona , Bourassa-Shaw Connie , Butler Terri L. , Griscavage Ennis Jeanette , Emmons Kim , Shelby Patrick , Antia Meher , Folger Bruce Kim 
Published: August 2017

IntroductionThe Institute of Translational Health Sciences (ITHS), a Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA)-funded program at the University of Washington (UW), established the Drug and Device Advisory Committee (DDAC) to provide product-specific scientific and regulatory mentoring to investigators seeking to translate their discoveries into medical products. An 8-year retrospective analysis was undertaken to evaluate the impact of the DDAC programs on commercialization metrics.MethodsTracked metrics included the number of teams who consulted with the DDAC, initiated a clinical trial, formed a startup, or were successful obtaining federal small business innovation awards or venture capital. The review includes historical comparisons of the startup rates for the UW School of Medicine and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, two ITHS-affiliated institutions that have had different DDAC utilization rates.ResultsBetween 2008 and 2016, the DDAC supported 161 unique project teams, 28% of which went on to form a startup. The commercialization rates for the UW School of Medicine increased significantly following integration of the DDAC into the commercialization programs offered by the UW technology transfer office.ConclusionsA formalized partnership between preclinical consulting and the technology transfer programs provides an efficient use of limited development funds and a more in-depth vetting of the business opportunity and regulatory path to development.
Decontamination of an Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenator Contaminated With Mycobacterium chimaera
Authors: Garvey Mark I. , Phillips Natalie , Bradley Craig W. , Holden Elisabeth 
Published: August 2017

Water samples taken from extracorporeal membrane oxygenator (ECMO) devices used at University Hospitals Birmingham yielded high total viable counts (TVCs) containing a variety of microorganisms, including M. chimaera. Disinfection resulted in the reduction of TVCs and eradication of Mycobacterium chimaera. Weekly disinfection and water sampling are required to manage the water quality in these devices.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:1244–1246
Collapse of a neutrally buoyant suspension column: from Newtonian to apparent non-Newtonian flow regimes
Authors: Bougouin A. , Lacaze L. , Bonometti T. 
Published: August 2017

Experiments on the collapse of non-colloidal and neutrally buoyant particles suspended in a Newtonian fluid column are presented, in which the initial volume fraction of the suspension $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}$, the viscosity of the interstitial fluid $\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}_{f}$, the diameter of the particles $d$ and the mixing protocol, i.e. the initial preparation of the suspension, are varied. The temporal evolution of the slumping current highlights two main regimes: (i) an inertial-dominated regime followed by (ii) a viscous-dominated regime. The inertial regime is characterized by a constant-speed slumping which is shown to scale as in the case of a classical inertial dam-break. The viscous-dominated regime is observed as a decreasing-speed phase of the front evolution. Lubrication models for Newtonian and power-law fluids describe most of situations encountered in this regime, which strongly depends on the suspension parameters. The temporal evolution of the propagating front is used to extract the rheological parameters of the fluid models. At the early stages of the viscous-dominated regime, a constant effective shear viscosity, referred to as an apparent Newtonian viscous regime, is found to depend only on $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}$ and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}_{f}$ for each mixing protocol. The obtained values are shown to be well fitted by the Krieger–Dougherty model whose parameters involved, say a critical volume fraction $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}_{m}$ and the exponent of divergence, depend on the mixing protocol, i.e. the microscale interaction between particles. On a longer time scale which depends on $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}$, the front evolution is shown to slightly deviate from the apparent Newtonian model. In this apparent non-Newtonian viscous regime, the power-law model, indicating both shear-thinning and shear-thickening behaviours, is shown to be more appropriate to describe the front evolution. The present experiments indicate that the mixing protocol plays a crucial role in the selection of a shear-thinning or shear-thickening type of collapse, while the particle diameter $d$ and volume fraction $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}$ play a significant role in the shear-thickening case. In all cases, the normalized effective consistency of the power-law fluid model is found to be a unique function of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}$. Finally, an apparent viscoplastic regime, characterized by a finite length spreading reached at finite time, is observed at high $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}$. This regime is mostly observed for volume fractions larger than $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}_{m}$ and up to a volume fraction $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}_{M}$ close to the random close packing fraction at which the initial column remains undeformed on opening the gate.
Be well: A systems-based wellness intervention using mindfulness in the workplace – A case study
Authors: Levett Kate M , Coughlan Sharyn , Longridge Sharon , Roumeliotis Violet , Adams Jon 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIntroduction: Healthy work environments are essential in determining improved well-being of Australians. Job stress has been identified as a significant factor in psychological distress. This study evaluated the effect of introducing a systems-based workplace wellness programme using mindfulness in the workplace. Methods: The programme ‘Be Well’ was introduced as part of a systems-based approach to workplace health promotion, and evaluated using sick leave as a proxy for workplace stress, and the stress satisfaction offset score to determine the degree of change in stress and satisfaction. Results: There was significant reduction in sick leave (2014 vs. 2012) (p<.001), and significant improvement in stress satisfaction offset score (p<.05). Logistic regression analysis identified the programme components most predictive of reduced stress and higher job satisfaction. Conclusion: The impacts of a systems-based mindfulness workplace wellness intervention, show significant improvements in workers’ sick leave and changes to stress and satisfaction scores. This study has implications for sector-wide policy change in the workplace.
Dental eruption sequence and hypsodonty index of a Pleistocene macraucheniid from the Brazilian Intertropical Region
Authors: Souza Lobo Leonardo , Lessa Gisele , Cartelle Cástor , Romano Pedro S. R. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractLitopterna is represented in the Pleistocene of the Brazilian Intertropical Region by a monospecific genus of Macraucheniidae, Xenorhinotherium. Although most of the knowledge about this family is derived from the dentition, some dental features still remain unknown. This study describes the eruption sequence of permanent dentition and classifies the hypsodonty status of X. bahiense. The specimens studied are from Toca dos Ossos, a limestone cave located in Bahia State. We perform qualitative macroscopic analysis to describe the eruption dental sequence. Additionally, we perform quantitative analysis to determine the hypsodonty index. The dental eruption sequence of the juvenile specimen is M1, M2, I1, I2, M3, I3, P1, P2, P3, and P4. In addition, the analysis of tooth wear in adult specimens provides similar results. The hypsodonty index assigns a mesodont tooth crown for X. bahiense. The dental eruption sequence is most similar to a rapid-growth extant mammal. Moreover, our results do not support afrotherian-like delayed dental eruption to Litopterna. The hypsodonty index can be related to data on vegetation of the Brazilian Intertropical Region and the shape of the premaxilla of X. bahiense, both of which suggest a browsing diet for this macraucheniid.
The Rise of Professors of Economics and Business Studies in Switzerland
Authors: Rossier Thierry , Bühlmann Felix , Mach André 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis paper studies the rise of professors of economics and business studies in the second half of the 20th century in Switzerland. It focuses on three types of power resources: positions in the university hierarchy, scientific reputation and extra-academic positions in the economic and political spheres. Based on a biographical database of N = 487 professors, it examines how these resources developed from 1957 to 2000. We find that professors of economic sciences were increasingly and simultaneously successful on all three studied dimensions – especially when compared to disciplines such as law, social sciences or humanities. This evolution seems to challenge the notorious trade-off between scientific and society poles of the academic field: professors of economics and business increased their scientific reputation while becoming more powerful in worldly positions. However, zooming in on their individual endowment with capital, we see that the same professors rarely hold simultaneously a significant amount of scientific and institutional capital.
Variation in bacterial endosymbionts associated with the date palm hopper,Ommatissus lybicuspopulations
Authors: Karimi S. , Izadi H. , Askari Seyahooei M. , Bagheri A. , Khodaygan P. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe date palm hopper,Ommatissus lybicus, is a key pest of the date palm, which is expected to be comprised of many allopatric populations. The current study was carried out to determine bacterial endosymbiont diversity in the different populations of this pest. Ten date palm hopper populations were collected from the main date palm growing regions in Iran and an additional four samples from Pakistan, Oman, Egypt and Tunisia for detection of primary and secondary endosymbionts using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay with their specific primers. The PCR products were directly sequenced and edited using SeqMan software. The consensus sequences were subjected to a BLAST similarity search. The results revealed the presence of ‘CandidatusSulcia muelleri’ (primary endosymbiont) andWolbachia,ArsenophonusandEnterobacter(secondary endosymbionts) in all populations. This assay failed to detect ‘CandidatusNasuia deltocephalinicola’ andSerratiain these populations. ‘Ca. S. muelleri’ exhibited a 100% infection frequency in populations andWolbachia,ArsenophonusandEnterobacterdemonstrated 100, 93.04 and 97.39% infection frequencies, respectively. The infection rate ofArsenophonusandEnterobacterranged from 75 to 100% and 62.5 to 100%, respectively, in different populations of the insect. The results demonstrated multiple infections by ‘Ca. Sulcia muelleri’,Wolbachia,ArsenophonusandEnterobacterin the populations and may suggest significant roles for these endosymbionts on date palm hopper population fitness. This study provides an insight to endosymbiont variation in the date palm hopper populations; however, further investigation is needed to examine how these endosymbionts may affect host fitness.
Beyond payments for ecosystem services: considerations of trust, livelihoods and tenure security in community-based conservation projects
Authors: Davis Alicia , Goldman Mara J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn the search for successful community-based conservation models there has been a substantial focus on payment for ecosystem services. Such payments are measurable inputs that are often associated with conservation success. A closer look suggests a more complex, historically and culturally contingent picture. We argue that a focus on payment for ecosystem services as a defining factor for success in community conservation risks overlooking other, more significant processes. In particular, we argue for the importance of (1) tenure and livelihood security and (2) relations of trust, communication and respect. We draw on case studies from East Africa, but the findings are relevant for global community-based conservation endeavours.
Adult children stepping in? Long-term care reforms and trends in children's provision of household support to impaired parents in the Netherlands
Authors: VAN DEN BROEK THIJS , DYKSTRA PEARL A. , VAN DER VEEN ROMKE J. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTRecent long-term care (LTC) reforms in the Netherlands are illustrative of those taking place in countries with a universalistic LTC model based on extensive provision of state-supported services. They entail a shift from de-familialisation, in which widely available state-supported LTC services relieve family members from the obligations to care for relatives in need, to supported familialism, in which family involvement in care-giving is fostered through support and recognition for families in keeping up their caring responsibilities. Using data from four waves of the Netherlands Kinship Panel Study (N = 2,197), we show that between 2002 and 2014 the predicted probability that adult children provide occasional household support to impaired parents rose substantially. Daughters more often provided household support to parents than did sons, but no increase in the gender gap over time was found. We could not attribute the increase in children's provision of household support to drops in the use of state-supported household services. The finding that more and more adult children are stepping in to help their ageing parents fits a more general trend in the Netherlands of increasing interactions in intergenerational families.
Single Rescuer Ventilation Using a Bag Valve Mask with Removable External Handle: A Randomized Crossover Trial
Authors: Reed Paul , Zobrist Baruch , Casmaer Monica , Schauer Steven G. , Kester Nurani , April Michael D. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIntroductionVentilation with a bag valve mask (BVM) is a challenging but critical skill for airway management in the prehospital setting.HypothesisTidal volumes received during single rescuer ventilation with a modified BVM with supplemental external handle will be higher than those delivered using a standard BVM among health care volunteers in a manikin model.MethodsThis study was a randomized crossover trial of adult health care providers performing ventilation on a manikin. Investigators randomized participants to perform single rescuer ventilation, first using either a BVM modified by addition of a supplemental external handle or a standard unmodified BVM (Spur II BVM device; Ambu; Ballerup, Denmark). Participants performed mask placement and delivery of 10 breaths per minute for three minutes, as guided by a metronome. After a three-minute rest period, they performed ventilation using the alternative device. The primary outcome measure was mean received tidal volume as measured by the manikin (IngMar RespiTrainer model; IngMar Medical; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania USA). Secondary outcomes included subject device preference.ResultsOf 70 recruited participants, all completed the study. The difference in mean received tidal volume between ventilations performed using the modified BVM with external handle versus standard BVM was 20 ml (95% CI, -16 to 56 ml; P=.28). There were no significant differences in mean received tidal volume based on the order of study arm allocation. The proportion of participants preferring the modified BVM over the standard BVM was 47.1% (95% CI, 35.7 to 58.6%).ConclusionsThe modified BVM with added external handle did not result in greater mean received tidal volume compared to standard BVM during single rescuer ventilation in a manikin model.ReedP, ZobristB, CasmaerM, SchauerSG, KesterN, AprilMD. Single rescuer ventilation using a bag valve mask with removable external handle: a randomized crossover trial. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017;32(6):625–630.