bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional ligament-guided femoral rotation with patient-specific instruments: description of a new surgical technique
Authors: Hommel Hagen , Perka Carsten 
Published: March 2016

Background:
There are two basic implantation philosophies in total knee arthroplasty that essentially determine the rotational alignment of the femur. One method, the measured resection technique, uses bony landmarks to determine alignment, while the other, the gap-balancing technique, uses soft-tissue tension as the reference. The use of patient-specific instrumentation (PSI) has so far only been employed in cases where alignment is based on bony landmarks; alignment of the femoral rotation applying the gap-balancing technique is not currently possible.

Methods:
This paper describes the use of PSI with alignment using a balancer device in 25 patients, corresponding to the gap-balancing technique. The average age of the study population was 67.6±6.7 yr. The Knee Society Score (KSS) and flexion of the knee joint were recorded preoperatively and then at 3 and 12 mo postoperatively. Postoperatively, function was determined based on the Forgotten Joint Score (FJS), and any complications were documented. Deviation to the neutral mechanical leg axis also was determined based on long-standing radiographs of the lower extremity.

Results:
The KSS and flexion improved after 3 and 12 mo compared with preoperative results. The FJS was 34.4±4.2 points after 3 mo and 57.8±8.4 points after 12 mo. There were no complications. The deviation of the neutral mechanical axis averaged 1.5 degrees±1.8 degrees.

Conclusions:
The data show that the alignment of the PSI also can be achieved functionally, which will extend the range of application of PSI, especially in complex anatomical situations and after previous surgery.
Value perceptions of private game reserve visitors and managers: an exploratory study
Authors: Radder Laetitia , Han Xiliang , Theron Elizna 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– After identifying those underlying consumer value dimensions associated with the private game reserve experience, and their contribution to visitors’ behavioral intentions, the purpose of this paper is to compare managers’ and visitors’ perceptions of value experienced and value delivered.

Design/methodology/approach
– Two similar questionnaires with five-point Likert scales gathered the perceptions of 30 managers and 162 visitors. Data analysis included factor analysis, multiple regression analysis and an independent-samples t-test.

Findings
– Consumer value comprises seven dimensions. Managers’ perceptions of value delivered exceeded visitors’ perceptions of value experienced on all seven dimensions. Statistically significant differences existed for emotional value, monetary price, behavioral price, novelty and social value, but not for reputation and quality.

Research limitations/implications
– Results cannot be generalized and must be interpreted with caution due to the small samples and the South African wildlife focus. The resulting measuring scale can be further refined and applied to a larger sample of reserves and visitors in an international environment, particularly in African countries known for wildlife tourism.

Practical implications
– The results suggest a need to align managers’ and customers’ perspectives to optimize consumer value. Identifying perception gaps will prevent resources being spent on elements not valued by customers, and closing gaps will help improve visitor satisfaction and retention.

Originality/value
– Few studies have examined consumer value in a wildlife context, or simultaneously from a manager and customer perspective. This study identified latent value dimensions and gaps in value perceptions associated with private game reserves.
A five-phase 20-slot/18-pole PMSM for electric vehicles
Authors: Sui Yi , Zheng Ping , Tang Peilun , Wu Fan , Wang Pengfei 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate a five-phase permanent-magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) that features high-power density and high-fault-tolerant capability for electric vehicles (EVs).

Design/methodology/approach
– The five-phase 20-slot/18-pole PMSM is designed by finite-element method. Two typical rotor structures which include Halbach array and rotor eccentricity are compared to achieve sinusoidal back electromotive force (EMF). The influence of slot dimensions on leakage inductance and short-circuit current is analyzed. The method to reduce eddy current loss of permanent magnets (PMs) is investigated. The machine performances under both healthy and fault conditions are evaluated. Finally, thermal behavior of the machine is studied by Ansys.

Findings
– With both no-load and load performances considered, rotor eccentricity is proposed to reduce the harmonic contents of EMF. Increasing slot leakage inductance is an effective way to limit the short-circuit current. By segmenting PMs in circumferential direction, the PM eddy current loss is reduced and the machine efficiency is improved. With proper fault-tolerant control strategy, acceptable torque performance can be achieved under fault conditions. The proposed machine can safely operate under Class F insulation.

Originality/value
– So far, many researches focus on multiphase PMSMs used in aviation fields, such as fuel pump and electric actuator. Differing from PMSMs used in aviation applications, machines for EVs require characteristics like wide speed ranges and variable operating conditions. Hence, this paper proposes a five-phase 20-slot/18-pole PMSM for EVs. The proposed design methodology is applicable to multiphase PMSMs with different slot/pole combinations.
Influence of design parameters on inductances of e-core axial field flux-switching permanent magnet machines
Authors: Wei Zhang , Ming Yao Lin 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– Axial field flux-switching permanent magnet machine (AFFSPMM) can be applied in the field of electric and hybrid electric vehicles because of short axial size, large torque density, and high-power density. The purpose of this paper is to improve the reliability of AFFSPMM itself, the design parameters have to be considered for attaining high self-inductances and reduced mutual-inductances.

Design/methodology/approach
– The original parameters of E-core AFFSPMM are designed with reference to a 600 W prototype, on the basis of which the 3-D model of the original AFFSPMM is established, and the inductances are calculated by finite element method. The influence of these parameters on the inductances, including combinations of stator and rotor pole numbers, spilt ratio, stator side tooth width, magnet thickness, and rotor pole width etc., are respectively investigated and analyzed under the constant copper loss.

Findings
– The relationships of rotor pole numbers and inductances are deduced on the condition of the fixed stator poles. It is found that the rotor pole numbers has significant effects on the ratio of mutual-inductance to self-inductance, and the self-inductance is mainly affected by the rotor pole numbers, the split ratio, the stator tooth width, and the rotor pole width. The asymmetry of back-EMF can be largely reduced by optimizing the rotor tooth width. In this paper, the static characteristics are compared and analyzed for the original and optimal 6/14-pole AFFSPMM. Meanwhile, the open-circuit and short-circuit fault are investigated by transient analysis. The results show that the optimized E-core AFFSPMM has good fault tolerance.

Originality/value
– The research of inductance characteristics for E-core AFFSPMM is valuable to design the fault-tolerant machine, by which the cost of control and manufacture can be largely saved.
Comparison between induction machine and interior permanent magnet machine for electric vehicle application
Authors: Guan Y. , Zhu Z.Q. , Afinowi I.A.A. , Mipo J.C. , Farah P. 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to make a quantitative comparison between induction machine (IM) and interior permanent magnet machine (IPM) for electric vehicle applications, in terms of electromagnetic performance and material cost.

Design/methodology/approach
– The analysis of IM is based on an analytical method, which has been validated by test. The analysis of IPM is based on finite element analysis. The popular Toyota Prius 2010 IPM is adopted directly, and the IM is designed with the same stator outer diameter and stack length as Prius 2010 IPM for a fair comparison.

Findings
– The torque capability of IM is lower than IPM for low electric loading and competitive to IPM for high electric loading. The maximum torque/power-speed characteristic of IM is competitive to IPM; while the rated torque/power-speed characteristic of IM is poorer than IPM. The power factor of IM is competitive and even better than IPM for high electric loading in low-speed region. The torque ripple of IM is comparable to IPM for high electric loading and much lower than IPM for low electric loading. The overall efficiency of IM is lower than IPM, and the maximum efficiency of copper squirrel cage IM is approximately 2-3 percent lower than IPM. The material cost of IM is about half of IPM when IM and IPM are designed with the same stator outer diameter and stack length.

Originality/value
– The electromagnetic performances and material costs of IM and IPM are quantitatively compared and discussed.
3D eddy current and temperature field analysis of edge induction heater
Authors: Li Yilun , Yang Shiyou 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– The temperature drop, especially in the edge of rolled steel in the hot rolling cooling has a catastrophic effect on the steel quality. The purpose of this paper is to study the coupled eddy current-temperature field of a C-type edge induction heater to provide references for engineering applications and designs.

Design/methodology/approach
– Three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA) model of a C-type edge induction heater is developed. Especially, a numerical methodology to couple the eddy current and temperature fields is proposed for coupled eddy current and temperature problems involving movement components. FEA software ANSYS is used to solve the coupled eddy current and temperature fields. The heat loss from the eddy current fields is abstracted and processed, and taken as internal heat source in the analysis of the temperature field. The temperature distribution of the rolling steel is obtained.

Findings
– The numerical results can predict exactly the temperature rise of the rolled steel by means of the edge induction heating system.

Practical implications
– The proposed numerical methodology for coupling eddy current and temperature fields can be applied to engineering coupled eddy current and temperature problems involving movement components. Also, the developed model and method can be used in the analysis and design of the edge induction heating system.

Originality/value
– A numerical methodology to couple eddy current and temperature field for solving multi-physics field problems involving movement components is proposed and implemented in available commercial software. A three-dimensional model of the C-type edge induction heat heater is developed. Finite element method is employed to study the coupled eddy current-thermal problem. A method to deal with the movement of the strip steel is proposed. The proposed methodology can be applied to other coupled eddy current-temperature field problem with moving components.
Sub-domain analytical model for armature reaction field of permanent magnet vernier machine
Authors: Oner Y. , Zhu Z.Q. , Wu L. J. , Ge X. 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– An analytical sub-domain model is developed for predicting the armature magnetic field in permanent magnet vernier machine (PMVM) which has either non-overlapping or overlapping windings. The developed model accounts for tooth-tips and flux modulation pole slots (FMPs). The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– It is obtained by solving Poisson’s and Laplace’s equations in polar coordinates for each sub-domain, i.e. air gap, slots, slot openings at tooth-tips and FMP slots. Armature reaction field distributions in slots, slot openings FMPs, air-gap and magnet region and winding inductances are obtained from the analytical method and compared by finite element analysis.

Findings
– It is found that the developed model can be employed to accurately predict the armature field and winding inductance for any combination of slots/FMPs/permanent magnets. In addition, it is observed that the winding inductance is high which results in significant armature reaction and poor power factor in PMVM.

Originality/value
– The main contributions include: first, accurate sub-domain model for PMVM is proposed for armature reaction which is not addressed in literature; second, the model accounts the interaction between FMP and slot; and finally, developed sub-domain model is also used for inductance calculation.
Influence of interlocking dowels on motor core loss
Authors: Zhou Gui-Yu , Hao He , Jin Meng-Jia , Shen Jian-Xin 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of the interlocking process on the iron loss in the lamination core and to increase the efficiency of electrical machines.

Design/methodology/approach
– A 3D electromagnetic model of the interlocking dowels is proposed in order to simulate the eddy current distribution in the lamination core. Considering the time-consuming of the 3D finite element method (FEM), a 2D electromagnetic model is then proposed based on the 3D model. Influence of the interlocking process on the motor performances is analyzed with 2D FEM, considering the electrical connection of the dowels and the magnetic property deterioration of the electrical steel sheets.

Findings
– The interlocking process removes the insulation between the laminations at the cut-edges of the interlocking dowels, causing extra eddy current loss in the lamination core. The effect of the interlocking process is dependent on the number, location and size of the interlocking dowels.

Practical implications
– The interlocking dowel model is established in order to simulate the effects of the interlocking process. By using the FEM calculation, optimal solution is discussed to minimize the undesired effect of the interlocking dowels.

Originality/value
– In this paper, the FEM model of the induction motor with interlocked stator core is first established, then simulation analysis is implemented. Results shows that choosing a proper number of interlocking dowels with suitable location and size can reduce the extra loss.
Implementation of innovative technologies in small-scale construction firms
Authors: Shelton Jacquetta , Martek Igor , Chen Chuan 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– The users of construction technologies such as builders and trades people have been acknowledged as sources of potentially important innovations. These innovations may be in the form of safer, less labour intensive, or cheaper methods and processes. The purpose of this paper is to assess whether the Australian construction industry is providing an environment where user-based innovation is being supported and implemented.Design/methodology/approach– An explorative study was undertaken to provide an insight into actual experiences of the implementation of user-based innovation. The data were collected through face-to-face semi-structured interviews providing case studies on multiple aspects of the implementation of innovative construction technologies. The cases involved a cross section of advances, including product, tool, and system technologies.Findings– The main motivation behind developing the technologies was problem solving. The associated industries of manufacturing and retail, as well as consultants within the construction industry present the greatest barriers to implementation.Originality/value– This research provides a better understanding of the factors that are preventing the successful implementation of user-based innovative construction technologies in small firms.
Conceptualising information and equipment technology adoption in construction
Authors: Sepasgozar Samad M. E. , Loosemore Martin , Davis Steven R. 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to present a critical review of research in information and equipment technology adoption in the construction industry. The study also aims to formulate a conceptual framework of the different stages in the adoption process identify gaps in the existing literature and to provide a holistic picture of contemporary research in technology adoption in construction research literature.

Design/methodology/approach
– A generic framework is initially proposed containing the fundamental concepts of “pre-adoption”, “adoption” and “post-adoption”. The review separates the literature according to three key perspectives: “socio-economic”; “managerial”; and “psychological”. The applicability of the existing approaches to the construction context is discussed, and then a new conceptual framework for construction is developed.

Findings
– Significant gaps in the understanding of construction technology adoption are identified that provide an interesting agenda for future research. A Construction Technology Adoption Framework is presented, which draws together all of sub-processes involved in technology adoption. This framework covers key activities of both the vendor and the customer.

Research limitations/implications
– The study has been restricted to information technologies and construction equipment technology. Other construction technologies, such as formwork systems, have not been examined.

Practical implications
– The new framework provides a direction for research into the technology adoption process including key sub-processes and potential research areas. The framework also assists vendors to influence customers’ decision-making processes, and guides new customers in setting up their own decision procedures.

Originality/value
– This paper departs from earlier research by focusing on information and equipment technology adoption rather than innovation adoption in general. In addition, this paper considers both sides of the adoption equation (vendor and customer), which is in contrast to previous binary studies which considered one side or the other. It delineates the boundaries of different concepts such as diffusion, adoption, acceptance and implementation, which have been interchangeably used in previous studies. This paper introduces the concept of dissemination to construction, which has previously been investigated in other industries.
Drivers for adopting reverse logistics in the construction industry: a qualitative study
Authors: Chileshe Nicholas , Rameezdeen Raufdeen , Hosseini M. Reza 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate and analyse the perceptions of South Australian construction practitioners on drivers affecting the implementation of reverse logistics (RL). In this context, RL is defined as the process of moving goods from their typical final destination for the purpose of capturing value or ensuring proper disposal.

Design/methodology/approach
– Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight practitioners to collect data and the interview transcripts were analysed using the NVivo (version 10) package. Cluster analysis was used to cross-validate the findings and provide an in-depth insight into the findings.

Findings
– The findings indicate that most of the drivers identified in earlier research are relevant for the construction industry. In addition, the study identified some new drivers that are categorised as “targeted demands by an exclusive clientele”. These drivers were found to be complementary to the economic, environmental and social drivers as previously conceptualised. In addition, a set of factors affecting the strength of drivers that had been overlooked in previous studies emanated from the interview analysis. These include the type of project and the attributes of clients, both of which strongly affect the drivers of RL implementation in construction.

Research limitations/implications
– The major limitations are the relatively small size of the sample of interviewees and having interviewees from one geographic area with specific socio-economic characteristics.

Practical implications
– The identified drivers and the clustering of RL themes could be used by practitioners as a “road map” for the development of appropriate solutions to successfully promote RL within the construction industry. Organisational energies could thus be channelled towards the drivers that need the most improvement.

Originality/value
– The study contributes to this research sphere by employing cluster analysis to customise and contextualise the drivers that were previously identified. The study goes beyond the extant literature by discovering the prominent effects of these drivers on the impact of targeted demands by an exclusive clientele. This could be of great value in terms of creating avenues for future investigations on the topic.
Breaking the ice of low financial involvement
Authors: Hauff Jeanette Carlsson , Carlander Anders , Gamble Amelie , Gärling Tommy , Holmen Martin 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate how trust in the sender of financial information and a narrative vs fact-related format of the information influence intentions to save in a mutual fund.

Design/methodology/approach
– In Experiment 1, 186 undergraduates participate and in Experiment 2, 434 Swedish citizens between 18 and 70 years randomly chosen from a consumer panel. In both experiments participants are randomized to two conditions in which they are presented with the same information about a mutual fund in a narrative or a traditional fact-related format. In four different between-groups conditions crossed with information format, pre-tested descriptions of different fictitious banks are presented. The descriptions are combined in a fractional factorial design such that one bank is low in the three trust determinants of competence, benevolence and transparency, whereas the other three banks are high in one of the trust determinants but lower in the others. Ratings are made of the information with respect to how much positive affect the information evokes, interest in the message and intention to save in the mutual fund.

Findings
– In both experiments the narrative compared to the fact-based information format increases positive affect, interest and intention to save. Trust in the bank has an independent effect of increasing the intention to save.

Practical implications
– The narrative format of financial information may be key to increase involvement in financial choices but needs to be supplemented by a message that reinforces the positive affect and interest evoked by the format.

Originality/value
– A demonstration of how a narrative format of financial information and trust in the sender jointly influence intentions to save in a mutual fund.