bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can Moral Realists Deflect Defeat Due to Evolutionary Explanations of Morality?
Authors: Klenk Michael 
Published: September 2017

AbstractI address Andrew Moon's recent discussion (2016, this journal) of the question whether third‐factor accounts are valid responses to debunking arguments against moral realism. Moon argues that third‐factor responses are valid under certain conditions but leaves open whether moral realists can use his interpretation of the third‐factor response to defuse the evolutionary debunking challenge. I rebut Moon's claim and answer his question. Moon's third‐factor reply is valid only if we accept externalism about epistemic defeaters. However, even if we do, I argue, the conditions Moon identifies for a valid third‐factor response are not met in the case of moral realism.
Psychological Inflexibility Predicts of Suicidal Ideation Over Time in Veterans of the Conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan
Authors: DeBeer Bryann B. , Meyer Eric C. , Kimbrel Nathan A. , Kittel Julie A. , Gulliver Suzy B. , Morissette Sandra B. 
Published: September 2017

Psychological inflexibility, or how individuals respond to distressing internal experiences, may be a modifiable risk factor for suicide in veterans. It was hypothesized that psychological inflexibility would predict suicidal ideation after accounting for established risk factors at baseline and 1 year later. Post‐9/11 veterans (N = 309) completed clinical interview and self‐report measures at baseline and 1‐year follow‐up. Results indicated that psychological inflexibility predicted severity of suicidal ideation at both baseline and 1 year later, after accounting for established risk factors. Psychological inflexibility is an important marker of risk for suicidal ideation, and could be a target for interventions aimed at reducing suicide.
Twelve‐month longitudinal parasitological assessment of lymphatic filariasis‐positive individuals: impact of a biannual treatment with ivermectin and albendazole
Authors: Kanamitie John N. , Ahorlu Collins S. , Otchere Joseph , Aboagye‐Antwi Fred , Kwansa‐Bentum Bethel , Boakye Daniel A. , Biritwum Nana‐Kwadwo , Wilson Michael D. , de Souza Dziedzom K. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectiveMass drug administration (MDA) for the control of lymphatic filariasis (LF), in Ghana, started in the year 2000. While this had great success in many implementation units, there remain areas with persistent transmission, after more than 10 years of treatment. A closer examination of the parasite populations could help understand the reasons for persistent infections and formulate appropriate strategies to control LF in these areas of persistent transmission.Materials and methodsIn a longitudinal study, we assessed the prevalence of microfilaraemia (mf) in two communities with 12 years of MDA in Ghana. In baseline surveys 6 months after the National MDA in 2014, 370 consenting individuals were tested for antigenaemia using immunochromatographic test (ICT) cards and had their mf count determined through night blood surveys. 48 ICT positives, of whom, 17 were positive for mf, were treated with 400 μg/kg ivermectin + 400 mg albendazole and subsequently followed for parasitological assessment at 3‐month intervals for 1 year. This overlapped with the National MDA in 2015.ResultsThere was a 68% parasite clearance 3 months after treatment. The pre‐treatment mf count differed significantly from the post‐treatment mf counts at 3 months (P = 0.0023), 6 months (P = 0.0051), 9 months (P = 0.0113) and 12 months (P = 0.0008).ConclusionIn these settings with persistent LF transmission, twice‐yearly treatment may help accelerate LF elimination. Further large‐scale evaluations are required to ascertain these findings.
Computed tomographic findings in three dogs naturally infected withCrenosoma vulpis
Authors: Mortier Jeremy R. , Fina Caroline J. , Edery Elsa , White Crystal L. , Dhumeaux Marc P. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractCrenosoma vulpisis a nematode lungworm found in wild and domestic canids in some parts of North America and Europe. Reported radiographic findings are nonspecific and consist of a combination of bronchial and interstitial changes of variable severity. This retrospective, case series study aimed to describe thoracic computed tomographic (CT) findings for a group of dogs with confirmed crenosomosis. Selection criteria were presentation with a chronic cough during the period of January 2016 to February 2017, evaluation by thoracic CT, and final diagnosis ofC. vulpisinfection based on bronchoscopic findings, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Medical records and CT images were retrieved and reviewed by a board‐certified veterinary internist, a veterinary internal medicine resident, two board‐certified veterinary radiologists, and a veterinary radiology intern, and findings were recorded. Three dogs met inclusion criteria. Thoracic CT findings for all dogs included the following: diffuse bronchial wall thickening, multifocal peribronchial ground glass attenuation, consolidation of the pulmonary parenchyma, and cylindrical bronchiectasis. In two dogs, the bronchial wall thickening was irregular to nodular, which was consistent with the bronchoscopic findings. Two dogs showed pulmonary parenchymal bands. Thoracic computed tomographic changes in dogs withC. vulpisare consistent with those seen on thoracic radiographs and crenosomosis should be considered in dogs with these findings.
Nutritional interventions to reduce symptoms in children and adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Pedersen Preben , Bjerrum Merete , Larsen Palle , Bjerrum Stefan , Pedersen Jette , Peters Micah 
Published: September 2017

Review question/objective:
: The objective of this scoping review is to examine and map reported nutritional interventions and their outcomes in relieving symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the daily lives of children and adults. A further objective is to determine if experiences of people diagnosed with ADHD, their relatives or staff in being on a diet or having to eat or avoid eating specific food items have been reported in the existing literature.
Specifically the scoping review questions are:1. What nutritional interventions have been tested in children or adults with ADHD in order to reduce ADHD symptoms?2. Have any experiences of people with ADHD, their relatives and/or staff in changing or sticking to a strict diet been reported?
Impact of conditional cash transfers on child nutritional outcomes among sub-Saharan African countries: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Garoma Desalegn Ararso , Abraha Yosef Gebreyohannes , Gebrie Serebe Abay , Deribe Fasil Mengistu , Tefera Mamuye Hadis , Morankar Sudhakar 
Published: September 2017

Review question/objective:
: The objective of this review is to assess the impact of conditional cash transfers on child nutritional outcomes among sub-Saharan African countries. More specifically, the objectives are to assess the impact of conditional cash transfers on child anthropometry, micro-nutrient, and improvement in dietary diversity of households.
Detecting Emerging Activity-Based Working Traits through Wearable Technology
Authors: Montanari Alessandro , Mascolo Cecilia , Sailer Kerstin , Nawaz Sarfraz 
Published: September 2017

A recent trend in corporate real-estate is Activity-Based Working (ABW). The ABW concept removes designated desks but offers different work settings designed to support typical work activities. In this context there is still a need for objective data to understand the implications of these design decisions. We aim to contribute by using automated data collection to study how ABW’s principles impact office usage and dynamics.
To this aim we analyse team dynamics and employees’ tie strength in relation to space usage and organisational hierarchy using data collected with wearable devices in a company adopting ABW principles. Our findings show that the office fosters interactions across team boundaries and among the lower levels of the hierarchy suggesting a strong lateral communication. Employees also tend to have low space exploration on a daily basis which is instead more prevalent during an average week and strong social clusters seem to be resisting the ABW principles of space dynamics. With the availability of two additional data sets about social encounters in traditional offices we highlight traits emerging from the application of ABW’s principles. In particular, we observe how the absence of designated desks might be responsible for more rapid dynamics inside the office.
In more general terms, this work opens the door to new and scalable technology-based methodologies to study dynamic office usage and social interactions.
Thermodynamic Retrieval in Rapidly Rotating Vortices from Multiple-Doppler Radar Data
Authors: Foerster Annette M. , Bell Michael M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThermodynamic retrievals can derive pressure and temperature information from kinematic measurements in regions where no in situ observations are available. This study presents a new retrieval technique called SAMURAI-TR (Spline Analysis at Mesoscale Utilizing Radar and Aircraft Instrumentation–Thermodynamic Retrieval) that derives three-dimensional fields of pressure and density potential temperature from multiple-Doppler radar data using a variational approach. SAMURAI-TR advances existing methods by 1) allowing for a horizontal variation in the reference-state definition and 2) representing the retrieved quantities of pressure and temperature as three-dimensional functions consisting of a series of finite-element cubic B-splines. The first advancement enables the retrieval to explicitly account for the large radial gradient of the mean thermodynamic state in tropical cyclones and other rapidly rotating vortices. The second advancement allows for specification of the three-dimensional pressure and temperature gradients as pseudo-observations from Doppler-derived winds, effectively linking the vertical levels without the use of the thermodynamic equation or a microphysical closure. The retrieval uses only the horizontal and vertical momentum equations, their derivatives, and low-pass filters. The accuracy and sensitivity of the retrieval are assessed using a WRF simulation of a tropical cyclone. SAMURAI-TR has good accuracy compared to prior techniques and retrieves pressure to within 0.25 hPa and temperature to within 0.7 K RMSE. The application of the method to real data is demonstrated using multiple-Doppler data from Hurricane Rita (2005).
The Effect of a Backpack Hip Strap on Energy Expenditure While Walking
Authors: Pigman Jamie , Sullivan William , Leigh Steven , Hosick Peter A. 
Published: September 2017

Objective To examine the effect of backpack hip strap use on walking energy expenditure while carrying a loaded backpack. Background Previous studies have demonstrated that energy cost increases as the mass of the load carried increases. However, few investigations have focused on backpack carriage design. Methods Fifteen young, healthy, male subjects walked at a self-selected pace for 10 minutes in two backpack loading conditions: with a hip strap (strapped) and without a hip strap (nonstrapped). Oxygen consumption (VO2), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), and heart rate (HR) were monitored throughout each 10-minute trial. Change scores from the 4th to 10th minute were calculated for each variable. A t test was used to evaluate the difference between conditions for each variable. Results The changes in VO2 (–0.62 ± 0.40 vs. 0.33 ± 0.23, p = .04) and RPE (1 ± 0.25 vs. 2 ± 0.21, p < .01) from the 4th to the 10th minute were different for the strapped versus nonstrapped condition. There was no difference in the change in RER (0.04 ± 0.01 vs. 0.03 ± 0.01, p > .05) or HR (3.53 ± 0.93 vs. 4.07 ± 1.39, p > .05) for the strapped versus unstrapped condition. Conclusions Wearing a hip strap reduced the energy expenditure and perceived exertion in as little as 10 minutes of walking compared to the nonstrapped condition. Future work should consider the effect of a hip strap on these variables while hiking for extended periods. Application Wearing a hip strap may increase the comfort and reduce the energy required of wearing a backpack. This is useful information for backpack designers, military personnel, and recreational hikers.
The prognostic values of the expression of Vimentin, TP53, and Podoplanin in patients with cervical cancer
Authors: Lin Jiaying , Lu Jiaqi , Wang Chao , Xue Xiaohong 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Purpose
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), TP53, and Podoplanin have been implicated in the tumorigenesis and metastasis of human cancers. Nevertheless, the clinical significance of these markers in cancer patients is still not clear. In this study, we sought to determine the prognostic values of Vimentin, TP53, and Podoplanin in patients with cervical cancer.

Methods
Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot analysis were performed to determine the messenger RNA and protein expression levels of Vimentin, TP53, and Podoplanin, respectively, in cervical squamous cell carcinoma and adjacent normal cervical tissues. Additionally, the expression levels of Podoplanin were also measured in 130 cervical cancer patients (FIGO stages Ib1–IIa2) using immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining.

Results
The mRNA expression levels of Vimentin, TP53, and Podoplanin were considerably elevated in cervical cancer tissues, compared with those in the adjacent normal cervical tissues. Additionally, the protein expression levels of Vimentin were closely correlated with the age of onset (P = 0.007), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.007), lymphatic invasion (P = 0.024), disease recurrence (P < 0.001), and the clinical prognosis of patients with cervical cancer (P < 0.001). Our multivariate analysis also suggests that Vimentin is an independent marker for survival in cervical cancer patients. Furthermore, the expression levels of Vimentin are negatively correlated with the proliferation marker Ki67 expression.

Conclusions
Our data show that Vimentin can serve as an independent prognostic marker for cervical cancer patients with primary surgery.
Registration number ChiCTR-TRC-06000236 Registered 15 December 2006
Randomised and non-randomised studies to estimate the effect of community-level public health interventions: definitions and methodological considerations
Authors: Schmidt Wolf-Peter 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Background
The preferred method to evaluate public health interventions delivered at the level of whole communities is the cluster randomised trial (CRT). The practical limitations of CRTs and the need for alternative methods continue to be debated. There is no consensus on how to classify study designs to evaluate interventions, and how different design features are related to the strength of evidence.

Analysis
This article proposes that most study designs for the evaluation of cluster-level interventions fall into four broad categories: the CRT, the non-randomised cluster trial (NCT), the controlled before-and-after study (CBA), and the before-and-after study without control (BA). A CRT needs to fulfil two basic criteria: (1) the intervention is allocated at random; (2) there are sufficient clusters to allow a statistical between-arm comparison. In a NCT, statistical comparison is made across trial arms as in a CRT, but treatment allocation is not random. The defining feature of a CBA is that intervention and control arms are not compared directly, usually because there are insufficient clusters in each arm to allow a statistical comparison. Rather, baseline and follow-up measures of the outcome of interest are compared in the intervention arm, and separately in the control arm. A BA is a CBA without a control group.

Conclusion
Each design may provide useful or misleading evidence. A precise baseline measurement of the outcome of interest is critical for causal inference in all studies except CRTs. Apart from statistical considerations the exploration of pre/post trends in the outcome allows a more transparent discussion of study weaknesses than is possible in non-randomised studies without a baseline measure.
Medium Access Control (MAC) for Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN): Superframe structure, multiple access technique, taxonomy, and challenges
Authors: Ullah Fasee , Abdullah Abdul Hanan , Kaiwartya Omprakash , Kumar Sushil , Arshad Marina Md. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractHealth monitoring using biomedical sensors has witnessed significant attention in recent past due to the evolution of a new research area in sensor network known as Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs). In WBANs, a number of implantable, wearable, and off-body biomedical sensors are utilized to monitor various vital signs of patient’s body for early detection, and medication of grave diseases. In literature, a number of Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols for WBANs have been suggested for addressing the unique challenges related to reliability, delay, collision and energy in the new research area. The design of MAC protocols is based on multiple access techniques. Understanding the basis of MAC protocol designs for identifying their design objectives in broader perspective, is a quite challenging task. In this context, this paper qualitatively reviews MAC protocols for WBANs. Firstly, 802.15.4 and 802.15.6 based MAC Superframe structures are investigated focusing on design objectives. Secondly, different multiple access techniques such as TDMA, CSMA/CA, Slotted Aloha and Hybrid are explored in terms of design goals. Thirdly, a two-layered taxonomy is presented for MAC protocols. First layer classification is based on multiple access techniques, whereas second layer classification is based on design objectives and characteristics of MAC protocols. Critical and qualitative analysis is carried out for each considered MAC protocol. Comparative study of different MAC protocols is also performed. Finally, some open research challenges in the area are identified with initial research directions.
Texture analysis of the developing human brain using customization of a knowledge-based system
Authors: Gentillon Hugues , Stefańczyk Ludomir , Strzelecki Michał , Respondek-Liberska Maria 
Published: September 2017

Background:Pattern recognition software originally designed for geospatial and other technical applications could be trained by physicians and used as texture analysis tools for evidence-based practice, in order to improve diagnostic imaging examination during pregnancy.Methods:Various machine-learning techniques and customized datasets were assessed for training of an integrable knowledge-based system (KBS) to determine a hypothetical methodology for texture classification of closely related anatomical structures in fetal brain magnetic resonance (MR) images. Samples were manually categorized according to the magnetic field of the MRI scanner (i.e., 1.5-tesla [1.5T], 3-tesla [3T]), rotational planes (i.e., coronal, sagittal, and axial), and signal weighting (i.e., spin-lattice, spin-spin, relaxation, and proton density). In the machine-learning sessions, the operator manually selected relevant regions of interest (ROI) in 1.5/3T MR images. Semi-automatic procedures in MaZda/B11 were performed to determine optimal parameter sets for ROI classification. Four classes were defined: ventricles, thalamus, gray matter, and white matter. Various texture analysis methods were tested. The KBS performed automatic data preprocessing and semi-automatic classification of ROI.Results:After testing 3456 ROI, statistical binary classification revealed that the combination of reduction techniques with linear discriminant algorithms (LDA) or nonlinear discriminant algorithms (NDA) yielded the best scoring in terms of sensitivity (both 100%, 95% CI: 99.79–100), specificity (both 100%, 95% CI: 99.79–100), and Fisher coefficient (≈E+4 and ≈E+5, respectively).Conclusions:LDA and NDA in MaZda can be useful data mining tools for screening a population of interest subjected to a clinical test.
Partisipasi Politik Masyarakat Difabel dalam Pembentukan Kebijakan Pendidikan Tinggi Inklusif
Authors: Fikri Abdullah 
Published: September 2017

Inclusive education is an educational syem that accessible for everybody in any condition. In this case, the focus of inclusive education is for people with disabilities. People with any disability have the same right to acquire formal education. Until now, inclusive education is implemented in the elementary and middle school level, so higher education inclusive paradigm still needs to get more attention.Inclusive higher education is a continuity of inclusive education in the elementary and middle school level. In a formal sense, inclusive education in college has not gotten the policy that affirm the implementation of inclusive education in the college level. Therefore, people with disabilities and disabled-people activits, either from academic or non-academic settings, need to undertake the political efforts to toward policy makers for making policy about implementation of inclusive education in the college nationally. Community’s efforts to influence government decision-making is called political participation. Political participation is a form of community involvement to influence the policy-making process. In this case, the public policy form is called (regeling), which is the result of cooperation betwwen the local government and the local parliament and so president and parliament.In the context of democracy, people with disabilities is one of the people who are the actors in policy making. Participation of the population occurs not only in the electoral process, but also other places. It means that people with disabilities who certainly have interests, which interests will only be actulized if they are involved in political participation. Those which are strategic to realize is related with inclusive higher education by national policy instrument (UU). With the national policy, the rights of people with disability can be guaranted and protected to access the college.
Impact of Petroleum on Smes Growth in Nigeria
Authors: B.A. Tende Sam , Obumneke Ezie 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT
The study undertakes an empirical research on the impact of petroleum on small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs) development in Nigeria. The log linear error correction model was adopted to examine how petroleum price (PP), Imported petroleum (IMP) and domestically produced petroleum (DPP) had impacted on Nigeria’s SMEs. Unit root test was carried out on each of the variables to determine their level of stationarity. They were however found stationary after first difference (that is, they are all integrated of order one (I(1)), then it was safe to proceed with Johansen Cointegration Test. The integrated variables were then used for the regression analysis. The cointegration result showed that the variables used in the model have a long term, or equilibrium relationship between them. It was observed that from the analysis that PP and IMP were found to be statistically insignificant and both had negative relationships with SMEs development Nigeria, while DPP had a positive impact and is statistically significant. Due to the underproduction of the Nigerian petroleum refineries, the government had to resort to importation of the shortfall which also has its cost implications on its sales and distribution. Local manufacturers and farmers had to pay more for transporting their goods and services to the markets. Incessant price hikes of petroleum products have led to crisis and industrial actions led by some pressure groups in Nigeria which has caused distortion in the SMEs activities of Nigeria overtime The study thus recommends that the down-stream oil need to be deregulated to allow private investors come in to build in more refineries so as to produce the petroleum at a relatively lower cost to propel the growth of SMEs in the country.