bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A stakeholder approach to building community resilience: awareness to implementation
Authors: Burnside-Lawry Judy , Carvalho Luis 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
The paper aims to examine one local government’s efforts to increase local-level engagement in building community disaster resilience. Presenting the empirical evidence of stakeholder engagement activities that increase risk awareness and encourage collective action, the study addresses a key priority for the Post-2015 Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (Hyogo Framework for Action 2) to identify methods for increasing local-level implementation of disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation.

Design/methodology/approach
A qualitative, case study approach is used to explore the case in depth. A review of literature from the multidisciplinary areas of communication, social and political theory frames data collection and analysis. Data collection includes observation, document analysis and interviews with policymakers, practitioners and local stakeholders to document achievements and lessons learnt from all perspectives.

Findings
Preliminary results indicate that strong political leadership and inter-departmental coordination have contributed to engaging local-level participation in disaster risk reduction in the Municipality of Amadora, Portugal. Findings indicate that the implementation of a wide spectrum of public engagement initiatives has increased awareness of hazard risks amongst specific demographic groups and improved community and government capacity to identify and implement risk reduction strategies.

Research limitations/implications
As this study is a work-in-progress and data analysis is in the early stages, interview transcripts included in this paper are limited to members of the team and their Director, Amadora Town Councillor for Civil Protection Services.

Practical implications
It is commonly acknowledged that to date, achievements of the Hyogo Framework for Action 2010-2015 largely remain at the national level and have not reached local levels in a substantial manner. Addressing the need for more industry-led research to explore examples of successful stakeholder participation, the paper’s findings can be used by emergency management practitioners who recognise the need to merge climate change adaptation, risk reduction and local-level engagement to encourage public participation, inclusiveness and proactive planning.

Originality/value
Co-authored by an Australian academic and a member of Amadora’s Campaign Team, the paper is a combination of empirical data from one city’s practical experience to develop and implement communication strategies in developing and implementing strategies to build community disaster resilience, analysed within a framework of communication, social and political theory.
Optimal maintenance level of equipment with multiple components
Authors: Rana Anil 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of the paper is to provide a method for selection of an optimum level of repair by replacement of an equipment based on its cost. In a ship where the engineer has a vast variety of equipment and systems to operate and maintain within limited time frames and availability of human resources, it is often difficult to disassemble a whole equipment to replace a faulty component. It is instead a lot easier to just replace the faulty equipment with whole new equipment. However, such a decision comes at an enormous capital cost. Therefore, the key question is, can we have a model to help us arrive at a decision on the correct level of carrying out repairs?

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper uses a model based on cost and convolution of failure distributions of critical sub-components of an equipment. Necessary assumptions based on real life experience have been incorporated in the model.

Findings
– The paper used an example of a particular type of motor driven sea water centrifugal pump which was commonly used in main engine sea water system, firefighting system, air conditioning system, etc. The pump had one of the highest failure rates in the ship (approximately one failure per 150 days) and the engineers found it cost and time effective to replace the entire pump on failure rather than carrying out replacement of the failed components. The model analyzed that the engineer’s hunch was not off the mark.

Research limitations/implications
– The implication of the work presented in the paper will be savings in maintenance cost and downtime due to optimal level of repairs on a multi-component equipment. The limitations of the work are assumption of independence of failures of components. This may not be true in all the cases. Further, opportunity based maintenance has also not been considered.

Originality/value
– The originality of the paper lies in the presentation of a method for selection of an optimum level of maintenance for a multi-component equipment
Development of ABS based wire as feedstock filament of FDM for industrial applications
Authors: Singh Rupinder , Singh Sunpreet , Mankotia Karan 
Published: April 2016

PurposeAcrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS)-based plastic is one of the most widely used filament materials for fused deposition modelling (FDM) applications. Because the FDM system, as well as its filament material (ABS), has been patented by commercial manufacturers, the cost of the filament material is significantly high, which affects the commercialization of this technology for medium- and small-scale industries. This problem may be addressed by developing alternative FDM filament material at the user end. The present research work aims to make an effort to develop cost-effective ABS filament with acceptable mechanical properties at par with the filament prepared by commercial manufacturers. Further, mathematical models have been developed for optimizing mechanical properties (like: tensile strength, Young’s modulus and dimensional accuracy) of in-house-fabricated filament.Design/methodology/approachThe processing parameters (such as barrel temperature, screw speed and take-up speed) of single-screw extruder used to fabricate ABS filament have been studied and optimized.FindingsAlthough the mechanical properties of fabricated ABS filament were not better than those of the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) filament, yet significant cost reduction was achieved with in-house fabrication. Mechanical properties like tensile strength, Young’s modulus and dimensional accuracy have been optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) for acceptability of in-house-fabricated filament (for commercial applications) at par with the OEM filament.Originality/valueThis paper highlights the systematic steps for in-house fabrication of cost-effective FDM filament. Further, RSM-based mathematical models have been developed for optimizing mechanical properties of newly fabricated filament.
Corrosion evaluation of Ti-6Al-4V parts produced with electron beam melting machine
Authors: Abdeen Dana H. , Palmer Bruce R. 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to evaluate the corrosion behavior of Ti-6Al-4V parts produced with electron beam melting (EBM) machine and compare it with wrought Ti-6Al-4V alloy.

Design/methodology/approach
Potentiodynamic and potentiostatic tests were applied on EBM Ti-6Al-4V in 3.5 per cent mass NaCl solution to determine the pitting potential and critical pitting temperature (CPT). A relation between pitting potential and temperature was established for EBM Ti-6Al-4V alloy by conducting potentiodynamic testing under different temperatures. CPT was also measured for EBM Ti-6Al-4V alloy in 3.5 per cent mass NaCl solution at a standard potential of 800 mV vs saturated calomel electrode (SCE). The same tests were performed on wrought Ti-6Al-4V for comparison purposes. Moreover, CPT for EBM Ti-6Al-4V alloy was measured in 3.5 per cent mass NaCl solution of different pH of 2.0, 5.7 and 10.0 to examine the effect of aggressive conditions on the pitting corrosion of EBM alloy.

Findings
Potentiodynamic test resulted in a relatively high pitting potential of EBM alloy, which was close to the pitting potential of wrought alloy even at higher temperatures. In addition, EBM samples did not pit when potentiostatic test was performed at 800 mV vs SCE, even at high and low values of pH.

Originality/value
EBM Ti-6Al-4V alloy has been increasingly playing an important role in aerospace, automobile and industrial fields. The technique and conditions of manufacturing form voids and increase roughness of the exterior surface of EBM objects, which might increase the tendency to initiate pitting corrosion within its holes and surface folds. This article shows that, despite surface variations and porosity in EBM Ti-6Al-4V alloy, the material maintained its corrosion resistance. It was found that the corrosion behavior of EBM alloy was close to that of the conventionally made wrought Ti-6Al-4V alloy.
Effect of weld power and build compliance on ultrasonic consolidation
Authors: Hehr Adam , Wolcott Paul J. , Dapino Marcelo J. 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
Ultrasonic additive manufacturing (UAM) is a fabrication technology based on ultrasonic metal welding. As a solid-state process, temperatures during UAM fabrication reach a fraction of the melting temperatures of the participating metals. UAM parts can become mechanically compliant during fabrication, which negatively influences the ability of the welder to produce consistent welds. This study aims to evaluate the effect of weld power on weld quality throughout a UAM build, and develop a new power-compensation approach to achieve homogeneous weld quality.

Design/methodology/approach
The study utilizes mechanical push-pin testing as a metric of delamination resistance, as well as focused ion beam and scanning electron microscopy to analyze the interface microstructure of UAM parts.

Findings
Weld power was found to negatively affect mechanical properties and microstructure. By keeping weld power constant, the delamination energy of UAM coupons was increased 22 per cent along with a consistent grain structure. As a result, to ensure constant properties throughout UAM component construction, maintaining weld power is preferable over the conventional strategy based on amplitude control.

Research limitations/implications
Further characterization could be conducted to evaluate the power control strategy on other material combinations, though this study strongly suggests that the proposed approach should work regardless of the metals being welded.

Practical implications
The proposed power control strategy can be implemented by monitoring and controlling the electrical power supplied to the welder. As such, no additional hardware is required, making the approach both useful and straightforward to implement.

Originality/value
This research paper is the first to recognize and address the negative effect of build compliance on weld power input in UAM. This is also the first paper to correlate measured weld power with the microstructure and mechanical properties of UAM parts.
Experimental investigations of curling phenomenon in selective laser sintering process
Authors: Almabrouk Mousa Alkhair 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the curling behaviour of selective laser sintered polyamide/glass bead composites with changes in material compositions, part bed temperature, powder base thickness, laser power and layer cooling time.

Design/methodology/approach
The Taguchi parameter design method (design of experiments, DOE) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) technique were applied in the investigation to determine the optimal process parameter settings.

Findings
The results of statistical analysis and ANOVA provided evidence for the effectiveness of filler content and its surface treatment on reducing the amount of curling.

Research limitations/implications
Warping and curling phenomena is one of several aspects of this work that can be pursued further. The present investigation could be expanded to explore other fillers and interface adhesion using other modifiers. Experiments could be conducted with other complicated geometries, various sizes, different positions and locations to widen the knowledge base of geometric accuracy of selective laser sintering process.

Practical implications
This experimental work is beneficial for materials development and accuracy characterisation in rapid manufacturing techniques. The experimental techniques adopted are readily transferable to virtually any material system used in rapid manufacturing.

Originality/value
Although many materials have been developed, there is still a need for research into new materials. This work demonstrates that it is possible to improve the geometric accuracy of selective laser sintered components from glass bead- filled polyamide 12 and achieve near-zero curling by adding rigid multiphase-coated particle to the material system.
Correlation of Descriptive Analysis and Instrumental Puncture Testing of Watermelon Cultivars
Authors: Shiu J.W. , Slaughter D.C. , Boyden L.E. , Barrett D.M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe textural properties of 5 seedless watermelon cultivars were assessed by descriptive analysis and the standard puncture test using a hollow probe with increased shearing properties. The use of descriptive analysis methodology was an effective means of quantifying watermelon sensory texture profiles for characterizing specific cultivars’ characteristics. Of the 10 cultivars screened, 71% of the variation in the sensory attributes was measured using the 1st 2 principal components. Pairwise correlation of the hollow puncture probe and sensory parameters determined that initial slope, maximum force, and work after maximum force measurements all correlated well to the sensory attributes crisp and firm. These findings confirm that maximum force correlates well with not only firmness in watermelon, but crispness as well. The initial slope parameter also captures the sensory crispness of watermelon, but is not as practical to measure in the field as maximum force. The work after maximum force parameter is thought to reflect cellular arrangement and membrane integrity that in turn impact sensory firmness and crispness. Watermelon cultivar types were correctly predicted by puncture test measurements in heart tissue 87% of the time, although descriptive analysis was correct 54% of the time.
Isolation and Identification of Aerobic Bacteria Carrying Tetracycline and Sulfonamide Resistance Genes Obtained from a Meat Processing Plant
Authors: Li Lili , Ye Lei , Zhang Sen , Meng Hecheng 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMicrobial contamination in food‐processing plants can play a fundamental role in food quality and safety. The purpose of this study was to investigate aerobic bacteria carrying tetracycline and sulfonamide resistance genes from a meat processing plant as possible sources of meat contamination. One hundred swab samples from surfaces of conveyor belts, meat slicers, meat knives, benches, plastic trays, gloves, and aprons were analyzed. A total of 168 isolates belonging to 10 genera were obtained, including Pseudomonas sp. (n = 35), Acinetobacter sp. (n = 30), Aeromonas sp. (n = 20), Myroides sp. (n = 15), Serratia sp. (n = 15), Staphylococcus sp. (n = 14), Enterobacter sp. (n = 11), Escherichia coli (n = 10), Lactococcus sp. (n = 10), and Klebsiella sp. (n = 8). Of the 168 isolates investigated, 60.7% showed resistance to tetracycline and 57.7% to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. The tetracycline resistance genes tetL, tetA, tetB, tetC, tetE, tetM, tetS, tetK, and tetX were found in the frequency of 7.7%, 6.0%, 4.8%, 4.8%, 3.6%, 3.6%, 3.6%, 1.2%, and 0.6%, respectively. Sulfonamide resistance genes sul1 and sul2 were observed in the frequency of 17.9% and 38.1%, respectively. The tetracycline resistance genes tetX was first found in Myroides sp. This investigation demonstrated that food contact surfaces in a meat processing plant may be sources of contamination of aerobic bacteria carrying tetracycline and sulfonamide antibiotic resistance genes.
Large‐Scale Fine‐Resolution Hydrological Modeling Using Parameter Regionalization in the Missouri River Basin
Authors: Daggupati Prasad , Deb Debjani , Srinivasan Raghavan , Yeganantham Dhanesh , Mehta Vikram M. , Rosenberg Norman J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis study simulated crop and water yields in the Missouri River Basin (MRB; 1,371,000 km2), one of the largest river basins in the United States, using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) at a fine resolution of 12‐digit Hydrological Unit Codes (HUCs) using the regionalization calibration approach. Very few studies have simulated the entire MRB, and those that have developed were at a coarser resolution of 8‐digit HUCs and were minimally calibrated. The MRB was first divided into three subbasins and was further divided into eleven regions. A “head watershed” was selected in each region and was calibrated for crop and water yields. The parameters from the calibrated head watershed were extrapolated to other subwatersheds in the region to complete comprehensive spatial calibration. The simulated crop yields at the head watersheds were in close agreement with observed crop yields. Spatial validation of the aggregated crop yields resulted in reasonable predictions for all crops except dryland corn in a few regions. Simulated and observed water yields in head watersheds and also in the validation locations were in close agreement in naturalized streams and poor agreement in streams with high groundwater‐surface water interactions and/or reservoirs found upstream of the gauges. Overall, the SWAT model was able to reasonably capture the hydrological and crop growth dynamics occurring in the basin despite some limitations.
Evaluating Hydrologically Connected Surface Water and Groundwater Using a Groundwater Model
Authors: Li Ruopu , Pun Mahesh , Bradley Jesse , Ou Gengxin , Schneider Jim , Flyr Brandi , Winter Jessie , Chinta Sudhansh 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDetermination of the nature and extent of the connection between groundwater and surface water is of paramount importance to managing water supplies. The development of analyses that detail the surface water‐groundwater system may lead to more effective utilization of available water. A tool was developed to help determine the effects of groundwater and surface water interactions. The software tool includes two graphic user interfaces to allow full compatibility with numerical MODFLOW groundwater models. This case study shows the tool, in conjunction with MODFLOW groundwater models and carefully designed scenarios, can successfully calculate the rates of stream‐groundwater interactions, thereby providing the basis for designating management areas with the most significant hydrologic impact. This tool can be applied in other regions with similar settings and needs for integrated water management.
Abdominal adiposity contributes to adverse glycemic control and albuminuria in Chinese type 2 diabetic patients: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Wang Zhengyi , Ding Lin , Huang Xiaolin , Chen Ying , Sun Wanwan , Lin Lin , Huang Ya , Wang Po , Peng Kui , Lu Jieli , Chen Yuhong , Xu Min , Wang Weiqing , Bi Yufang , Xu Yu , Ning Guang 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundAbdominal adipose tissue plays an important role in the development of type 2 diabetes. However, few data have suggested its role in the prognosis of diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the association between waist‐hip ratio (WHR), glycemic control, and early nephropathy in Chinese type 2 diabetic patients.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted in 1709 previously‐ and newly‐diagnosed diabetic patients nested in a cohort study consisting of 10 375 participants aged ≥40 years in Shanghai, China. General characteristics through questionnaire, anthropometric measures, and biochemical results were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS v20.0.ResultsEach quartile increase in WHR was significantly associated with a fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥ 126 mg/dl [OR (95% CI):1.18 (1.06–1.30)], an HbA1c ≥ 7.0% [1.21 (1.08–1.35)], and a HOMA‐IR ≥ 2.5 [1.30 (1.16–1.46)] after multivariable adjustments. WHR was not associated with a 2h PG ≥ 200mg/dl [1.13 (0.97–1.31)]. The risk for increased albuminuria (UACR ≥10.18mg/g) was also significantly associated with higher WHR after adjustment for HbA1c [1.14 (1.02–1.27)]. However, no significant relationship was seen between WHR and an estimated glomerular filtration rate < 90 ml/min per 1.73 m2. Interactions of sex, or physical activity with WHR in association with glycemic control and increased albuminuria were found (P values for interaction <0.05).ConclusionsThese data demonstrated an independent role of abdominal adipose tissue in glycemic control and renal complications of type 2 diabetes. Interventions aiming to reduce abdominal adipose tissue may have additional benefits.
Performance of robotic simulated skills tasks is positively associated with clinical robotic surgical performance
Authors: Aghazadeh Monty A. , Mercado Miguel A. , Pan Michael M. , Miles Brian J. , Goh Alvin C. 
Published: April 2016

ObjectiveTo compare user performance of four fundamental inanimate robotic skills tasks (FIRST) as well as eight da Vinci Skills Simulator (dVSS) virtual reality tasks with intra‐operative performance (concurrent validity) during robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) and to show that a positive correlation exists between simulation and intra‐operative performance.Materials and MethodsA total of 21 urological surgeons with varying robotic experience were enrolled. Demographics were captured using a standardized questionnaire. User performance was assessed concurrently in simulated (FIRST exercises and dVSS tasks) and clinical environments (endopelvic dissection during RARP). Intra‐operative robotic clinical performance was scored using the previously validated six‐metric Global Evaluative Assessment of Robotic Skills (GEARS) tool. The relationship between simulator and clinical performance was evaluated using Spearman's rank correlation.ResultsPerformance was assessed in 17 trainees and four expert robotic surgeons with a median (range) number of previous robotic cases (as primary surgeon) of 0 (0–55) and 117 (58–600), respectively (P = 0.001). Collectively, the overall FIRST (ρ = 0.833, P < 0.001) and dVSS (ρ = 0.805, P < 0.001) simulation scores correlated highly with GEARS performance score. Each individual FIRST and dVSS task score also demonstrated a significant correlation with intra‐operative performance, with the exception of Energy Switcher 1 exercise (P = 0.063).ConclusionsThis is the first study to show a significant relationship between simulated robotic performance and robotic clinical performance. Findings support implementation of these robotic training tools in a standardized robotic training curriculum.