bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiative forcing of the tropical thick anvil evaluated by combining TRMM with atmospheric radiative transfer model
Authors: Yang Yuanjian , Fu Yunfei , Qin Fang , Zhu Jiachen 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe presences of anvil clouds significantly affect the tropical mean radiation budget and increase the uncertainty of climate model simulations. In this study, the climatological mean distributions of thick anvil parameters, such as top, bottom, occurrence, cloud effective radius (CER) and cloud optical depth (COD) in the tropics (20°S–20°N) are investigated by Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission's (TRMM) precipitation radar (PR) and visible and infrared scanner (VIRS) from 1998 to 2007. The thick anvil radiative forcing at shortwave (0.2 ∼ 4 µm) and longwave (4 ∼ 50 µm) length, i.e. Shortwave radiative forcing (SRF) and Longwave radiative forcing (LRF) and their net effects at different altitudes are simulated with Santa Barbara DISORT Atmospheric Radiative Transfer Model (SBDART). The results show that thick anvils present higher top/bottom, smaller CER, and thicker COD over land than those over ocean. At the top of atmosphere (TOA), net radiative effects of thick anvils are positive warming, which means the earth‐atmosphere system obtains energy forced by thick anvils. At earth surface, net radiative effects of thick anvils are positive warming at land surface and negative cooling at ocean surface, respectively. In general, anvil SRF, LRF and net effects vary with different geographical locations and also present large land–ocean differences in the tropics, due to different anvil properties forced by the surface heating and topography. All spatial patterns of stronger anvil SRF, LRF and net effects are well matched with the places where exist higher fractions of anvils, such as Asian monsoon zone, the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), the South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ), tropical Africa, Mid‐America and South America. In addition, the present work provides an evidence that it is an effective approach to calculate quantitatively the grid‐cell SRF and LRF of cloud at a large scale by using the SBDART model with inputs from satellite observations.
Multi‐scale response of runoff to climate fluctuation in the headwater region of the Kaidu River in Xinjiang of China
Authors: Liu Zuhan , Wang Lili , Yu Xiang , Wang Shengqian , Deng Chengzhi , Xu Jianhua , Chen Zhongsheng , Bai Ling 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBased on the climatological‐hydrological daily data recorded in the headwater region of the Kaidu River during 1972–2011, the multi‐scale characteristics of runoff variability and four climatic factor fluctuations (i.e. temperature, precipitation, relative humidity and evaporation) are analyzed using detrended fluctuation analysis. Furthermore, multi‐scale response of runoff to climate fluctuation is investigated using detrended cross‐correlation analysis. Main findings are as follows: (1) The temporal scaling behaviors of runoff and four climate factor series all exhibit two different power laws. In shorter temporal scaling, all the series indicate the similar persistence corresponding to the annual cycle. However, in longer temporal scaling, their different trends reflect the different inherent dynamic nature of various hydro‐climatic change. (2) In the double logarithm curve logF2(s) ∼ logs, the long‐range correlation of runoff and temperature, long‐range correlation of runoff and precipitation and long‐range correlation of runoff and relative humidity (hereafter referred to as Lrc‐R‐T, Lrc‐R‐P and Lrc‐R‐H, respectively) show two scaling regimes with two different scale indexes and a critical time scale of about 1 year; the long‐range correlation of runoff and evaporation (hereafter referred to as Lrc‐R‐E) presents three scaling regime with three different scale indexes and with two critical time scales of about 1 and 10 years. These results reflect the multi‐scale response characteristics of the runoff to climate change on different time scales.
Reinforcement, Rationality, and Intentions: How Robust Is Automatic Reinforcement Learning in Economic Decision Making?
Authors: Hügelschäfer Sabine , Achtziger Anja 
Published: May 2017

AbstractReinforcement learning is often observed in economic decision making and may lead to detrimental decisions. Because of its automaticity, it is difficult to avoid. In three experimental studies, we investigated whether this process could be controlled by goal intentions and implementation intentions. Participants' decisions were investigated in a probability‐updating task in which the normative rule to maximize expected payoff (Bayes' rule) conflicted with the reinforcement heuristic as a simple decision rule. Some participants were asked to set goal intentions designated to foster the optimization of rational decision making, while other participants were asked to furnish these goal intentions with implementation intentions. Results showed that controlling automatic processes of reinforcement learning is possible by means of goal intentions or implementation intentions that focus decision makers on the analysis of decision feedback. Importantly, such beneficial effects were not achieved by simply instructing participants to analyze the feedback, without defining a goal as the desired end state from a first‐person perspective. Regarding intentions supposed to shut down reinforcement processes by controlling negative affect, effects were more complex and depended on the specified goal‐directed behavior. The goal intention to suppress the disappointment elicited by negative feedback was not effective in controlling reinforcement processes. Furnishing this goal with an implementation intention even backfired and strengthened unwanted reinforcement processes. In contrast, asking participants to keep cool in response to negative decision outcomes through the use of goal intentions or implementation intentions increased decisions in line with Bayes' rule. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Screening for mismatch repair deficiency in colorectal cancer: data from three academic medical centers
Authors: O'Kane Grainne M. , Ryan Éanna , McVeigh Terri P. , Creavin Ben , Hyland John MP. , O'Donoghue Diarmuid P. , Keegan Denise , Geraghty Robert , Flannery Delia , Nolan Carmel , Donovan Emily , Mehigan Brian J. , McCormick Paul , Muldoon Cian , Farrell Michael , Shields Conor , Mulligan Niall , Kennedy Michael John , Green Andrew J. , Winter Desmond C. , MacMathuna Padraic , Sheahan Kieran , Gallagher David J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractReflex immunohistochemistry (rIHC) for mismatch repair (MMR) protein expression can be used as a screening tool to detect Lynch Syndrome (LS). Increasingly the mismatch repair‐deficient (dMMR) phenotype has therapeutic implications. We investigated the pattern and consequence of testing for dMMR in three Irish Cancer Centres (CCs). CRC databases were analyzed from January 2005–December 2013. CC1 performs IHC upon physician request, CC2 implemented rIHC in November 2008, and CC3 has been performing rIHC since 2004. The number of eligible patients referred to clinical genetic services (CGS), and the number of LS patients per center was determined. 3906 patients were included over a 9‐year period. dMMR CRCs were found in 32/153 (21%) of patients at CC1 and 55/536 (10%) at CC2, accounting for 3% and 5% of the CRC population, respectively. At CC3, 182/1737 patients (10%) had dMMR CRCs (P < 0.001). Additional testing for the BRAF V600E mutation, was performed in 49 patients at CC3 prior to CGS referral, of which 29 were positive and considered sporadic CRC. Referrals to CGS were made in 66%, 33%, and 30% of eligible patients at CC1, CC2, and CC3, respectively. LS accounted for CRC in eight patients (0.8%) at CC1, eight patients (0.7%) at CC2, and 20 patients (1.2%) at CC3. Cascade testing of patients with dMMR CRC was not completed in 56%. Universal screening increases the detection of dMMR tumors and LS kindreds. Successful implementation of this approach requires adequate resources for appropriate downstream management of these patients.
A first in human evaluation of a novel contrast media saving device
Authors: Sapontis James , Barron Garry , Seneviratne Sujith , Fuernau Georg , Eitel Ingo , Ledwoch Jakob , Thiele Holger , Saad Mohammed , de Waha Suzanne , Poess Janine , Desch Steffen 
Published: May 2017

ObjectivesThis study evaluated the usability and contrast volume savings of the novel DyeVert™ System.BackgroundDuring coronary diagnostic and interventional procedures, a substantial portion of injected contrast does not contribute to vessel imaging due to reflux into the ascending aorta. Contrast volume is the primary physician modifiable risk factor for prevention of contrast‐induced acute kidney injury CI‐AKI which is a frequent complication in patients undergoing coronary angiographic procedures and is related to increases in morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs.MethodsIn this pilot trial, 44 patients undergoing coronary diagnostic and/or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) procedures were enrolled in two centers. All procedures were conducted using a manual manifold injection setup and the DyeVert System, which facilitates the diversion of excess contrast volume prior to injection into the patient. Direct measurements of both the amount of contrast that was attempted to be injected and the actual volume injected into the patient were taken.ResultsThe difference between the two amounts indicated the volume saved. Procedure types included 34 diagnostic studies and 10 PCI. The mean percent volume saved by the DyeVert System was 47%, with a corresponding P value of <0.0001 achieving the pre‐specified level of greater than 15% of contrast media being saved. Mean volume savings were similar for both diagnostic (47 ± 9%) and PCI (50 ± 9%) procedures. Image quality was good in 43/44 (98%) patients.ConclusionsThe DyeVert System substantially decreases contrast delivered to patients during diagnostic or interventional coronary procedures while maintaining adequate image quality. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Acute invasive hemodynamic effects of percutaneous mitral paravalvular leak closure
Authors: Lloyd James W. , Rihal Charanjit S. , Reeder Guy S. , Nishimura Rick A. , Eleid Mackram F. 
Published: May 2017

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to demonstrate the physiologic effects of percutaneous mitral paravalvular leak (PVL) closure through pre‐ and post‐closure left and right heart catheterization.BackgroundMitral PVL represents a significant source of morbidity and mortality following mitral valve repair and replacement. Although percutaneous PVL closure is an effective treatment with improvements in symptoms and mortality, data regarding the acute hemodynamic effects of such closure are lacking.MethodsConsecutive patients with clinically significant heart failure and/or hemolysis attributed to mitral PVL underwent percutaneous mitral PVL closure with pre‐ and post‐procedural right and left heart catheterization. Hemodynamic measurements of cardiovascular function obtained in this manner were compared and stratified according to pre‐ and post‐procedural echocardiographic severity of PVL.ResultsTwenty‐four patients (age 68 ± 9.4 years, 75% male) underwent percutaneous mitral PVL closure. Significant improvements were found in left atrial pressure (LAP) (mean LAP lowered from 21 ± 4 to 19 ± 3 mm Hg, P = 0.005), pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) (mean PAP lowered from 36 ± 11 to 33 ± 9, P = 0.04), and cardiac index (increased from 2.8 ± 0.8 to 3.0 ± 0.7 L/min/m2, P = 0.01). Left atrial v‐wave reduction of 20% was associated with ≤ mild residual PVL by transesophageal echocardiography (P = 0.09).ConclusionsPercutaneous mitral PVL closure is associated with significant reductions in LAP and PAP and an increase in cardiac index. These hemodynamic effects underlie the clinical benefits of PVL closure and may be a useful tool for intraprocedural guidance. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hybrid coronary revascularization versus coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Sardar Partha , Kundu Amartya , Bischoff Michelle , Chatterjee Saurav , Owan Theophilus , Nairooz Ramez , Giri Jay , Halkos Michael E. , Liberman Henry , Douglas John S. , Mukherjee Debabrata 
Published: May 2017

ObjectivesThis meta‐analysis evaluated the effectiveness of hybrid coronary revascularization (HCR) compared to coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) for the treatment of multivessel coronary artery disease (MVCAD).BackgroundHCR involves a combination of surgical and percutaneous techniques, which in selected patients may present an alternative to conventional CABG.MethodsDatabases were searched through June 30, 2016, and studies comparing HCR with CABG for treatment of MVCAD were selected. We calculated summary odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs with the random‐effects model. The primary outcome of interest was the occurrence of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), defined as a composite of all cause mortality, myocardial infarction, and stroke.ResultsThe analysis included 2,245 patients from 8 studies (1 randomized controlled trial and 7 observational studies). The risk of MACCE with HCR and CABG were 3.6% and 5.4%, respectively (OR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.24–1.16). Compared to CABG group, patients in HCR group had similar risk of all cause mortality (OR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.38–1.88), myocardial infarction (OR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.31–1.64), stroke (OR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.23–1.20), and repeat revascularization (OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 0.58–2.83). The need for postoperative blood transfusions (OR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.14–0.59) and hospital stay (weighted mean difference −1.20 days; 95% CI −1.52 to −0.88 days) was significantly lower in the HCR group.ConclusionHCR appears to be safe, and has similar outcomes when compared with conventional CABG. HCR can be a suitable alternative to conventional CABG in select patients with MVCAD. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Novel ultrahigh molecular weight amorphous PLLA bioresorbable coronary scaffold upsized up to 0.8 mm beyond nominal diameter: An OCT and histopathology study in porcine coronary artery model
Authors: Gasior Pawel , Cheng Yanping , Estrada Edward A. , Jenn McGregor  , Ramzipoor Kamal , Lee Chang , Conditt Gerard B. , Rousselle Serge D. , Granada Juan F. , Kaluza Grzegorz L. 
Published: May 2017

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to evaluate the biomechanical properties and healing pattern of novel sirolimus‐eluting, ultrahigh molecular weight amorphous poly‐L‐lactic acid bioresorbable scaffolds (S‐BRS) that have been postdilated by 0.55 and 0.8 mm beyond the nominal diameters within the pressure‐diameter compliance chart range.BackgroundDue to the inherent limitations of bioabsorbable polymeric materials, overexpansion/upsizing may be very limited for some BRS such as the benchmark Absorb BVS. The unique biomechanical properties of the novel S‐BRS may allow it to be safely upsized.Methods and Results12 coronary arteries of 4 healthy Yucatan mini‐swine underwent implantation of a novel S‐BRS. Upsizing by postdilation was performed up to 0.55mm (PLUS 0.55, n = 6) or 0.8 mm (PLUS 0.8, n = 6) in a manner maintaining consistent 1:1.1 stent‐to‐artery, thus ensuring not only the overexpansion of the scaffold but consistent level of arterial injury. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) follow‐up was performed at 28 and 90‐days follow‐up. There was no statistical difference between the tested groups in terms of acute recoil. OCT analysis after 28 days showed numerically lower levels of neointimal formation in PLUS 0.8 compared to PLUS 0.55 group. These results were sustained at 90‐days follow‐up. There was no difference in late recoil between studied groups. No scaffold discontinuation, deformation or overlapping of the struts were observed.ConclusionsOverexpansion up to 0.8 mm of novel, high strength S‐BRS is not associated with worse angiographic outcomes, neointimal formation or biomechanical issues such as scaffold discontinuation, deformation or overlapping of the struts, neither acutely nor chronically. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Catheter‐Directed Thrombolysis of Acute Entire Limb Deep Vein Thrombosis From below the Knee Access
Authors: Liu Guang , Liu Xaiobing , Wang Ruihua , Ye Kaichuang , Yin Minyi , Huang Xintian , Lu Min , Li Weimin , Lu Xinwu , Jiang Mier 
Published: May 2017

PurposeTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of below the knee (BTK) approach in the treatment of entire limb deep vein thrombosis (DVT).Materials and MethodsRetrospective analysis of consecutive CDT treatment of acute entire limb DVT using a BTK approach (September 2010–February 2016) was performed. The patients included 51 men and 28 women with a mean age of 54 years.ResultsCDT was performed by accessing the ipsilateral the small saphenous vein (SSV) and posterior tibial vein (PTV; 24 via incision and 64 via puncture). Thirty‐four patients underwent CDT within 3 days of symptom onset and lysis was successful in all cases (i.e., grade III).In contrast, only 22 (68.6%, 22/32) of those treated within 4–10 days and 0 (0%) of those treated after 10 days achieved grade III lysis. A total of 16 bleeding complications occurred, none of which were classified as major, and 11 of which were related to numbness at the site of incision. Poor wound healing was observed in one patient. Three patients treated using an SSV approach exhibited partial occlusion. One patient treated using a PTV approach experienced occlusion. During the 24‐month follow‐up period, the patency and PTS rates were 80.4% (37/46) and 30.4% (14/46), respectively. The overall patency rate was 87.1% (54/62) during a mean follow‐up duration of 3.5 years.ConclusionsThe use of a BTK approach in entire‐limb DVT via SSV and PTV puncture is feasible and safe and may be considered an alternative to traditional CDT approach. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A novel lesion crossing technique: Balloon deployment using FORcible Manner (BADFORM) technique
Authors: Nakabayashi Keisuke , Ando Hiroshi , Kaneko Nobuhito , Shiozaki Manabu , Sunaga Daisuke , Matsui Akihiro , Tanaka Kazuhiko , Shimizu Minoru 
Published: May 2017

ObjectivesWe evaluated the efficacy and safety of a novel endovascular technique for crossing arterial lesions: The BAlloon Deployment using FORcible Manner (BADFORM) technique.BackgroundEndovascular treatment (EVT) for peripheral artery disease has been widely adopted, and developments in device technology and techniques have resulted in acceptable success rates. However, it may be difficult to deliver devices even after wire externalization, especially in the presence of an extremely long chronic total occlusion or severely calcified lesion. The BADFORM technique might be useful in these cases.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed ten consecutive EVT cases using the BADFORM technique performed at our institution between April 2015 and September 2016. In all cases, wire externalization was established with the rendezvous technique. The BADFORM technique was performed when antegrade passage of any device was impossible after wire externalization. Physicians positioned a low‐profile balloon or microcatheter just proximal to the calcified lesion and attached the device to the externalized wire using a torque device at the proximal catheter exit port. The externalized wire was then pulled retrogradely.ResultsAll patients were receiving hemodialysis and had critical limb ischemia. All lesions were severely calcified, and 90% were chronic total occlusions. The technical success and procedure success rates were 90% and 70%, respectively. Delivered devices included five balloon catheters and four microcatheters. One procedure‐related vessel injury occurred at the distal puncture site (digital artery), however, this was controlled by external manual compression.ConclusionsThe efficacy and safety of the BADFORM technique might be acceptable. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rationally Designed Solvatochromic Fluorescent Indoline Derivatives for Probing Mitochondrial Environment
Authors: Pal Kaushik , Koner Apurba Lal 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA new class of solvatochromic, robust, and multifunctional fluorescent probes derived from indoline is presented. Specificity of mitochondria targeting was achieved and utilized for probing polarity under normal and apoptotic conditions. A large Stokes shift, high quantum yield, thermal, photochemical, and pH stability, tolerance to buffer compositions, and a bioconjugation tool‐kit make it a promising candidate for live‐cell fluorescence imaging.
Stepwise Construction of Self‐Assembled Heterometallic Cages Showing High Proton Conductivity
Authors: Saha Rupak , Samanta Dipak , Bhattacharyya Aninda Jiban , Mukherjee Partha Sarathi 
Published: May 2017

AbstractTwo neutral tripodal metalloligands (CoL and FeL where L=C18H21N10) containing a clathrochelate core were synthesized and characterized in one‐step. Reactions of these ligands with three different metal acceptors cis‐(tmen)Pd(NO3)2 (tmen = tetramethylethylenediamine), Zn(NO3)2 and Mn(ClO4)2 separately yielded a series of heterometallic coordination cages (1 a–3 a and 1 b‐3 b) in high yields. Depending on the nature of coordination geometry of the acceptors, the resulting assemblies have trigonal‐ bipyramidal (1 a/1 b), open‐cubic (2 a/2 b), and closed‐cubic structures (3 a/3 b). The structures of the complexes 1 a, 2 a, 2 b, 3 a, and 3 b were confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies. Analysis of crystal packing of the complexes 3 a and 3 b revealed the presence of several coordinated and lattice water molecules in the intermolecular channels. Both these complexes (3 a and 3 b) showed very high water adsorption under humid conditions. In addition, 3 a and 3 b exhibited promising proton conductivity of 3.31×10−3 and 1.05×10−4 S cm−1 at 70 °C under 98 % relative humidity (RH) respectively, with activation energy of 1.00–0.78 eV.
Assessment of subtle cardiac dysfunction in patients with frequent premature ventricular complexes by real‐time three‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography
Authors: Ling Yunlong , Wan Quan , Chen Qingxing , Zhu Wenqing 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundTo evaluate subtle and early premature ventricular complex (PVC)–induced ventricular impairment in patients with frequent PVCs and without structural heart disease by real‐time 3‐dimensional (3D) speckle tracking echocardiography (RT3D‐STE).HypothesisPatients with frequent premature ventricular complexes with normal left ventricular ejection fraction have subtle left ventricular dysfunction.MethodsForty patients (22 male) with a single source of frequent PVCs and 40 healthy controls (24 male) underwent assessment by conventional 2‐dimensional (2D) echocardiography and RT3D‐STE. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and global longitudinal, circumferential, radial, and area strain (GLS, GCS, GRS, and GAS, respectively) and individual segment strain were calculated using off‐line analysis software and compared between the 2 groups.ResultsThere were no significant differences in baseline clinical or 2D echocardiographic variables including LVEF between groups. However, all RT3D‐STE assessed variables, including GLS, GCS, GRS, GAS, and individual segment strain, were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the PVC group than the control group, and showed strong correlations, most prominently GCS (r = −0.84, P = 0.020), with LV function as assessed by LVEF. 3D‐STE measurements showed good intraobserver, interobserver, and test–retest agreement.ConclusionsIn patients with frequent PVCs and normal LVEF, 3D ‐STE revealed lower global and regional strain values than in healthy controls. RT3D‐STE is a novel, feasible and reproducible method to assess cardiac function and appears suitable to detect subtle left ventricular dysfunction.