bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic value of inflammation-based scores in patients with osteosarcoma
Authors: Liu Bangjian , Huang Yujing , Sun Yuanjue , Zhang Jianjun , Yao Yang , Shen Zan , Xiang Dongxi , He Aina 
Published: December 2016

AbstractSystemic inflammation responses have been associated with cancer development and progression. C-reactive protein (CRP), Glasgow prognostic score (GPS), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR), and neutrophil-platelet score (NPS) have been shown to be independent risk factors in various types of malignant tumors. This retrospective analysis of 162 osteosarcoma cases was performed to estimate their predictive value of survival in osteosarcoma. All statistical analyses were performed by SPSS statistical software. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was generated to set optimal thresholds; area under the curve (AUC) was used to show the discriminatory abilities of inflammation-based scores; Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to plot the survival curve; cox regression models were employed to determine the independent prognostic factors. The optimal cut-off points of NLR, PLR, and LMR were 2.57, 123.5 and 4.73, respectively. GPS and NLR had a markedly larger AUC than CRP, PLR and LMR. High levels of CRP, GPS, NLR, PLR, and low level of LMR were significantly associated with adverse prognosis (P < 0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analyses revealed that GPS, NLR, and occurrence of metastasis were top risk factors associated with death of osteosarcoma patients.
Expanding the genetic code of Salmonella with non-canonical amino acids
Authors: Gan Qinglei , Lehman Brent P. , Bobik Thomas A. , Fan Chenguang 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe diversity of non-canonical amino acids (ncAAs) endows proteins with new features for a variety of biological studies and biotechnological applications. The genetic code expansion strategy, which co-translationally incorporates ncAAs into specific sites of target proteins, has been applied in many organisms. However, there have been only few studies on pathogens using genetic code expansion. Here, we introduce this technique into the human pathogen Salmonella by incorporating p-azido-phenylalanine, benzoyl-phenylalanine, acetyl-lysine, and phosphoserine into selected Salmonella proteins including a microcompartment shell protein (PduA), a type III secretion effector protein (SteA), and a metabolic enzyme (malate dehydrogenase), and demonstrate practical applications of genetic code expansion in protein labeling, photocrosslinking, and post-translational modification studies in Salmonella. This work will provide powerful tools for a wide range of studies on Salmonella.
Raman and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy investigation of the effect of gamma‐ray irradiation on MoS2
Authors: Ozden Burcu , Khanal Min P. , Park Juhong , Uprety Sunil , Mirkhani Vahid , Yapabandara Kosala , Kim Kyunghyuk , Kuroda Marcelo , Bozack Michael J. , Choi Wonbong , Park Minseo 
Published: December 2016

The effect of gamma‐ray (γ‐ray) irradiation on the material characteristics of nanometre scale films of molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) has been investigated. 3.2, 4.5, and 5.2 nm thick MoS2 films (measured by atomic force microscopy) were grown on Si by using a two‐step synthesis method (sputtering of Mo, followed by sulphurisation). The samples were subsequently exposed to γ‐ray irradiation (dose of 120 MRad). Dramatic chemical changes in the MoS2 films after irradiation were characterised by micro‐Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and optical microscopy. Micro‐Raman spectroscopy showed the disappearance of the E2g1 and A1g modes after irradiation. XPS revealed that the MoS2 crystal structure was converted to molybdenum oxide (MoOx). It is hypothesised that S vacancies are formed due to the γ‐ray irradiation, which subsequently transforms MoS2 to MoOx.
Structural basis of influenza virus fusion inhibition by the antiviral drug Arbidol
Authors: Kadam Rameshwar U. , Wilson Ian A. 
Published: December 2016

Significance
Influenza virus is an important human pathogen. The circulating strains of influenza virus are constantly mutating and are acquiring resistance to all approved drugs. Therefore, development of influenza therapeutics against novel targets is urgently required. The hemagglutinin envelope glycoprotein (HA) is a promising target for small-molecule design. However, Arbidol is the only available antiviral drug that targets the HA. The absence of structural information on drug–HA complexes has hindered further therapeutic development efforts against this viral pathogen. Here, we report crystal structures of Arbidol in complex with influenza HAs. This structural information advances our understanding of how small molecules, such as Arbidol, can function as influenza fusion inhibitors and can be used for development of broad-spectrum, small-molecule therapeutics.
Ultrastructural anatomy of nodes of Ranvier in the peripheral nervous system as revealed by STED microscopy
Authors: D’Este Elisa , Kamin Dirk , Balzarotti Francisco , Hell Stefan W. 
Published: December 2016

Significance
In vertebrates, the action potential travels along myelin-coated electrically isolated axons and is regenerated at the nodes of Ranvier, which lack myelination and are characterized by a tight interaction between the axon and glial cells. Specific sets of proteins are enriched in each region of the nodes. Thanks to its subdiffraction resolution, stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy here uncovers the organization of 12 of these proteins at the nanoscale. The superresolved imaging reveals an extremely fine interplay and alignment of the axonal and glial cytoskeleton, with a defined ∼190-nm periodicity. Furthermore, the results point to the importance of the lateral organization of proteins at nodal gaps, an aspect that is yet unexplored.
OCHROCONIS gallopava ENDOPHTHALMITIS SUCCESSFULLY TREATED WITH INTRAVITREAL VORICONAZOLE AND AMPHOTERICIN B
Authors: Kim Esther L. , Patel Sachi R. , George Meena S. , Ameri Hossein 
Published: December 2016

Purpose:

Ochroconis gallopava is a darkly pigmented septated fungus that rarely infects humans, almost universally immunocompromised individuals. Only one previous case has been reported of O. gallopava endophthalmitis, in which the patient progressed to a visual acuity of no light perception. The authors currently describe the first successfully treated case of O. gallopava endophthalmitis.

Methods:
A 65-year-old Hispanic woman on chronic immunosuppression after a right lung transplant was admitted to the hospital for O. gallopava respiratory tract infection and was found to have bilateral endogenous endophthalmitis. Examination revealed multiple, cream-colored, chorioretinal lesions in the fundus, including one near the temporal macula in the left eye. There was no diffuse vitritis. Visual acuity was 20/30 in both eyes at presentation but dropped to 20/400 in the right eye and counting fingers at 3 feet in the left eye over the hospital course despite receiving an intravitreal injection of voriconazole in the left eye and concurrent IV amphotericin B, posaconazole, and micafungin. The patient was then treated with multiple simultaneous intravitreal amphotericin B and voriconazole injections bilaterally, as well as IV posaconazole, which was switched to IV voriconazole for improved intraocular penetration.

Results:
The chorioretinal lesions were noted to regress with treatment. Concomitantly, the patient's respiratory status improved, and she was discharged with a visual acuity of 20/40 in the right eye and 20/60 in the left eye. The patient completed a 1-year course of oral voriconazole as an outpatient without signs of recurrent activity. Seventeen months after the initial presentation, the patient had 20/40 vision bilaterally with a residual, white, fibrotic scar at the temporal macula in the left eye.

Conclusion:
This report describes the first successful treatment regimen against O. gallopava endophthalmitis using a combination of intravitreal amphotericin B and voriconazole injections, as well as IV posaconazole and voriconazole, which resulted in an excellent visual outcome.
Online control of prehension predicts performance on a standardised motor assessment test in 8-12 year-old children
Authors: Blanchard Caroline C.V. , McGlashan Hannah L. , French Blandine , Sperring Rachel J. , Petrocochino Bianca , Holmes Nicholas P. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractGoal-directed hand movements are guided by sensory information and may be adjusted ‘online’, during the movement. If the target of a movement unexpectedly changes position, trajectory corrections can be initiated in as little as 100ms in adults. This rapid visual online control is impaired in children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD), and potentially in other neurodevelopmental conditions. We investigated the visual control of hand movements in children in a ‘centre-out’ double-step reaching and grasping task, and examined how parameters of this visuomotor control co-vary with performance on standardised motor tests often used with typically and atypically developing children. Two groups of children aged 8-12 years were asked to reach and grasp an illuminated central ball on a vertically oriented board. On a proportion of trials, and at movement onset, the illumination switched unpredictably to one of four other balls in a centre-out configuration (left, right, up, or down). When the target moved, all but one of the children were able to correct their movements before reaching the initial target, at least on some trials, but the latencies to initiate these corrections were longer than those typically reported in the adult literature, ranging from 211 to 581 ms. These later corrections may be due to less developed motor skills in children, or to the increased cognitive and biomechanical complexity of switching movements in four directions. In the first group (n=187), reaching and grasping parameters significantly predicted standardised movement scores on the MABC-2, most strongly for the aiming and catching component. In the second group (n=85), these same parameters did not significantly predict scores on the DCDQ-07 parent questionnaire. Our reaching and grasping task provides a sensitive and continuous measure of movement skill that predicts scores on standardized movement tasks used to screen for DCD.
Non-equilibrium chromosome looping via molecular slip-links
Authors: Brackley C. A. , Johnson J. , Michieletto D. , Morozov A. N. , Nicodemi M. , Cook P. R. , Marenduzzo D. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWe propose a model for the formation of chromatin loops based on the diffusive sliding of a DNA-bound factor which can dimerise to form a molecular slip-link. Our slip-links mimic the behaviour of cohesin-like molecules, which, along with the CTCF protein, stabilize loops which organize the genome. By combining 3D Brownian dynamics simulations and 1D exactly solvable non-equilibrium models, we show that diffusive sliding is sufficient to account for the strong bias in favour of convergent CTCF-mediated chromosome loops observed experimentally. Importantly, our model does not require any underlying, and energetically costly, motor activity of cohesin. We also find that the diffusive motion of multiple slip-links along chromatin may be rectified by an intriguing ratchet effect that arises if slip-links bind to the chromatin at a preferred "loading site". This emergent collective behaviour is driven by a 1D osmotic pressure which is set up near the loading point, and favours the extrusion of loops which are much larger than the ones formed by single slip-links.
Crystal structure of bis[cis-(1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane-κ4N)bis(thiocyanato-κN)chromium(III)] dichromate monohydrate from synchrotron X-ray diffraction data
Authors: Moon Dohyun , Takase Masahiro , Akitsu Takashiro , Choi Jong-Ha 
Published: December 2016

The structure of the complex salt,cis-[Cr(NCS)2(cyclam)]2[Cr2O7]·H2O (cyclam = 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane, C10H24N4), has been determined from synchrotron data. The asymmetric unit comprises of one [Cr(NCS)2(cyclam)]+cation, one half of a Cr2O72−anion (completed by inversion symmetry) and one half of a water molecule (completed by twofold rotation symmetry). The CrIIIion is coordinated by the four cyclam N atoms and by two N atoms ofcis-arranged thiocyanate anions, displaying a distorted octahedral coordination sphere. The Cr—N(cyclam) bond lengths are in the range 2.080 (2) to 2.097 (2) Å while the average Cr—N(NCS) bond length is 1.985 (4) Å. The macrocyclic cyclam moiety adopts thecis-V conformation. The bridging O atom of the dichromate anion is disordered around an inversion centre, leading to a bending of the Cr—O—Cr bridging angle [157.7 (3)°]; the anion has a staggered conformation. The crystal structure is stabilized by intermolecular hydrogen bonds involving the cyclam N—H groups and water O—H groups as donor groups, and the O atoms of the Cr2O72−anion and water molecules as acceptor groups, giving rise to a three-dimensional network.
Re-thinking induction in practice: profession, peer group and organization in contention
Authors: Gherardi Silvia , Perrotta Manuela 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop an interpretative framework of induction as a social practice to examine the ecology of the human and non-human actors involved in the production of induction as a social effect.

Design/methodology/approach
Three case studies are conducted in different types of organizations (private, public and network) to analyse the relation between the induction process and the actors that influence it.

Findings
Three different models of induction are described: in a professional bureaucracy, socialization precedes selections and the key actor is the profession; in a small private organization, induction is almost exclusively managed by the peer group in the form of seduction by the profession; in a large network of organizations, induction is explicitly managed by the organization and becomes a means to transmit the organizational culture.

Research limitations/implications
In the description of the empirical data, it is shown how an individual undergoes induction into the organization when he/she undergoes seduction (by the profession). Nevertheless, the models could be improved by the study of a larger sample of organizations.

Originality/value
This paper shows that induction is not the effect of solely the encounter between individual and organization, because two other agents are involved in the process, namely the profession and the peer group.
Conceptualising public-private partnerships
Authors: Mouraviev Nikolai , Kakabadse Nada K. 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to survey various meanings attached to a public–private partnership (PPP) and related aspects in Western literature and to identify commonalities and differences between them. Additionally, the article intends to critically assess conflicting and overlapping views on contractual and institutional PPPs, their forms and models and to draw insights for transitional economies.

Design/methodology/approach
The article contrasts and compares views on PPP meanings, forms and models within Western PPP literature and also draws comparisons with understanding of partnership aspects in the Russian language sources. The paper examines theories underpinning PPPs, builds connections to PPP advantages and drawbacks and provides critical assessment of net benefits that PPPs may bring along to the society.

Findings
The article concludes that future PPP research in transitional countries such as Kazakhstan and Russia, particularly in the area of organisational and power arrangements in partnerships, may delineate new concepts such as government as a guarantor of a PPP project, social significance of a PPP project and risk management in a country’s contextual environment.

Originality/value
Research in the field of PPPs in transitional countries such as Russia and Kazakhstan is in its infancy. The paper intends to contribute to the body of knowledge about PPPs by providing detailed account and categorisation of their principal meanings, forms, models and underpinning theories and by drawing insights for future research in transitional countries.
Masting synchrony in northern hardwood forests: super‐producers govern population fruit production
Authors: Minor David M. , Kobe Richard K. 
Published: December 2016

Summary

Trees commonly reproduce via masting cycles, which involves synchronized inter‐annual variability in fruit crop size. A few individuals in a population will commonly produce much more fruit than others. If these trees produce fruit more frequently, as indicated by a lower inter‐annual variability in fruit production, they may dominate fruit production over time.

By measuring fruit production of 1635 individuals of 10 temperate tree species across 4 years in northern lower Michigan, we estimated the inter‐annual variability and synchrony in each species. We compared fruit production estimates with measurements of tree size, soil nutrient availability and neighbourhood crowding to investigate the source of inter‐individual variation in number of fruit produced.

We found that trees’ fruit production increased with tree size. The trees that accounted for the largest proportion of total fruit production had lower inter‐annual variability and higher synchrony in fruit production. These ‘super‐producer’ trees tended to have high nutrient availability and few neighbouring trees, but there were no effects of nutrient availability or neighbourhood crowding on fruit production in the population as a whole.

Synthesis. Masting is a population‐level phenomenon, and is typically studied at this level. However, when we apply individual tree observations of fruit production to this phenomenon, it reveals super‐producers which produce fruit more consistently than the rest of the population. By reducing inter‐annual variability in fruit production, but increasing synchrony and making large numbers of fruit, super‐producers may be able to reap the benefits of masting while governing population fruit production over time.
Residential Enclosure, Power and Relationality: Rethinking Sociopolitical Relations in Southeast Asian Cities
Authors: Fauveaud Gabriel 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAs in many other areas around the globe, enclosed residential spaces have proliferated in Southeast Asia since the 1990s. Recent publications have presented such gated communities as ‘porous enclaves', implying multiple socio‐spatial dynamics of movements through gates and walls. However, the enclave model does not suffice for analyzing the relational dynamics generated by enclosed residential estates. The concept of ‘ecotonal space' and social geography are used to show, in the case of Cambodia's capital Phnom Penh, that the enclosure and its borders are producers and products of multiple social, spatial, economic and political relations, both symbolic and material. Property developers assert their position as an emerging elite in the city's society and politics, a process based on different types of everyday relations they have with the inhabitants of their residential estates and territorial institutions. The enclosed residential estate can serve as a resource for deploying new power relations. Consubstantial with the neopatrimonial nature of the Cambodian economy and politics, this process is a response to the opacity and uncertainty of real estate markets and urban development.
Economic evaluation of nasogastric versus intravenous hydration in infants with bronchiolitis
Authors: Oakley Ed , Carter Rob , Murphy Bridie , Borland Meredith , Neutze Jocelyn , Acworth Jason , Krieser David , Dalziel Stuart , Davidson Andrew , Donath Susan , Jachno Kim , South Mike , Babl, Franz E ,   for the Paediatric Research in Emergency Departments International Collaborative (PREDICT)
Published: December 2016

AbstractObjectiveBronchiolitis is the most common lower respiratory tract infection in infants and the leading cause of hospitalisation. We aimed to assess whether intravenous hydration (IVH) was more cost‐effective than nasogastric hydration (NGH) as a planned secondary economic analysis of a randomised trial involving 759 infants (aged 2–12 months) admitted to hospital with a clinical diagnosis of bronchiolitis and requiring non‐oral hydration. No Australian cost data exist to aid clinicians in decision‐making around interventions in bronchiolitis.MethodsCost data collections included hospital and intervention‐specific costs. The economic analysis was reduced to a cost‐minimisation study, focusing on intervention‐specific costs of IVH versus NGH, as length of stay was equal between groups. All analyses are reported as intention to treat.ResultsIntervention costs were greater for IVH than NGH ($113 vs $74; cost difference of $39 per child). The intervention‐specific cost advantage to NGH was robust to inter‐site variation in unit prices and treatment activity.ConclusionIntervention‐specific costs account for <10% of total costs of bronchiolitis admissions, with NGH having a small cost saving across all sites.
Health Care after the Great Recession: Financing Options for Sustainable and High‐quality Health Systems
Authors: Kanavos Panos , Wouters Olivier J. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractGiven the growing complexity of health care, current global demographic and epidemiologic trends, adverse economic conditions in many parts of the world, and limited national budgets, it is increasingly difficult for policy makers and regulators to ensure continued access to affordable and high‐quality health care. Decision‐makers must implement policies that support efficient, equitable, and sustainable health systems. To that end, this special issue aims to foster dialogue on the current state of health‐care financing and some of the challenges that lie ahead for health systems. The objectives of this special issue are threefold: (1) to analyse trends in health‐care financing in a range of countries with varying degrees of economic development and political organization; (2) to review the viability of different financing models based on international experiences; and (3) to examine how efficiency in health care systems can be achieved without sacrificing quality. The issue consists of three sections and includes contributions from academic experts, health‐care practitioners, and members of the broader stakeholder community.