bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anticholinergics for overactive bladder: Temporal trends in prescription and treatment persistence
Authors: Wallis Christopher J.D. , Lundeen Colin , Golda Nicole , Brotherhood Hilary , Pommerville Peter , Carr Lesley 
Published: August 2016

<p><strong>Introduction:</strong> We sought to understand the contemporary pharmacologic management of overactive bladder (OAB) in a single-payer system. We examined temporal trends in the use of anticholinergic<br />medications and assessed whether the likelihood of patients changing their anticholinergic therapy was predicted by their current therapy.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> We conducted a retrospective, population-based analysis of prescription records from the PharmaNet database in BC, Canada. We identified patients treated with one or more anticholinergic<br />prescriptions between 2001 and 2009. We characterized temporal trends in the use of anticholinergic medications. We used generalized estimating equations with a logit wing to assess the relationship between the type of anticholinergic medication and the change in prescription.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> The 114 325 included patients filled 1 140 296 anticholinergic prescriptions. The number of prescriptions each year increased over the study, both in aggregate and for each individual medication. While oxybutynin was the most commonly prescribed medication (68% of all prescriptions), the proportion of newer anticholinergics (solifenacin, darifenacin, and trospium) prescribed increased over time (p&lt;0.0001). Patients taking tolterodine (odds ratio [OR] 1.03; p=0.01) and darifenacin (OR 1.12; p=0.0006) were significantly more likely to change their prescription than those taking oxybutynin. There was no association seen for patients taking solifenacin (p=0.6) and trospium (p=0.9).</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> There are an increasing number of anticholinergic prescriptions being filled annually. Patients taking newer anticholinergics are at least as likely to change therapy as those taking<br />oxybutynin. The reimbursement environment in BC likely affects these results. Restrictions in the available data limit assessment of other relevant predictors.</p>
Altura do ipê-roxo (<i>Tabebuia avellanedae</i>) nos manejos convencional e de precisão, analisada pela geoestatística.
Authors: Klein Wagner Lopes , Souza Eduardo Godoy de , Uribe-Opazo Miguel Angel , Nóbrega Lúcia Helena Pereira 
Published: August 2016

A silvicultura de precisão visa aumentar a eficiência da produção agrícola, fundamentada em manejo diferenciado de áreas de agricultura. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar e comparar o desenvolvimento do ipê roxo (Tabebuia avellanedae Lorentz ex Griseb.) sob duas formas de manejo de solo. A análise foi realizada durante o período de 01/03/03 a 01/03/04 em uma área no município de Mundo Novo-MS, dividida em dois blocos, e cada bloco em duas parcelas: uma sob manejo de silvicultura de precisão e outra sob manejo convencional. Cada uma das parcelas recebeu 252 mudas de ipê-roxo, totalizando 1008 plantas. Utilizaram-se técnicas geoestatísticas como semivariogramas para análise da estrutura da variabilidade espacial dos dados e a interpolação por krigagem para a construção de mapas temáticos. Dos resultados obtidos, tem-se que os mapas de necessidade e aplicação de nutrientes e os mapas de incremento na altura das plantas apresentaram estrutura de variabilidade semelhante para ambos os manejos. Nenhuma diferença expressiva entre os tratamentos foi encontrada.
EAST AFRICAN COASTAL HISTORY
Authors: POUWELS RANDALL L. 
Published: July 2002

Swahili and Sabaki: A Linguistic History.
By DEREK NURSE and THOMAS J.
HINNEBUSCH. Edited by THOMAS J. HINNEBUSCH,
with a special addendum by GERARD PHILIPPSON.
(University of California Publications in Linguistics, 121).
Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press 1993. Pp. xxxii+780.
$80 (ISBN 0-520-09775-0).Shanga. The Archaeology of a Muslim Trading Community on the Coast of East
Africa. By MARK HORTON. (Memoirs of the
British Institute of East Africa, 14).
London: The British Institute in Eastern Africa, 1996. Pp. xvi+458. £75 (ISBN
1-872-56609-x).Nurse's and Hinnebusch's Swahili and Sabaki: A Linguistic History is the most
comprehensive study yet done of Swahili history through linguistic analysis. It is
an encyclopedic work representing many years of research by the authors and other
scholars, and it focuses particularly on the emergence and evolution of the Swahili
language. The massive and diverse evidence they marshal is, of course, almost
entirely linguistic: as such they discuss four basal parameters of language
relationship and change, namely lexis, morphology, phonology and tone. (The last
two are treated together, and G. Philippson reviews the latter.)
The constant-V vortex
Authors: FALLER ALAN J. 
Published: July 2002

It has been found that the generation of swirl by a continuous rotary oscillation of
a right-circular cylinder partially filled with water can leave a vortex with a radially
constant tangential velocity, V, i.e. ∂V/∂r = 0, excepting a small central core and the
sidewall boundary layer. This vortex maintains ∂V/∂r = 0 during viscous decay by
the turbulent bottom boundary layer, a fact that suggests that ∂V/∂r = 0 is a stable
condition for a decaying vortex.Theory shows that such a profile of V and its steady decay is possible only
if the radial transport per unit length in the turbulent Bödewadt boundary layer is TB,t = AVr/2 where A ≈
0.072 is a dimensionless constant found from the experiment.
This model of turbulent transport is extended to a case with ∂V/∂r ≠ 0 by an
analysis of vortex decay in an experiment started from solid rotation. For this case
an additional term proportional to ∂V/∂r is added to the transport equation.
“The dream of reason creates monsters” . . . especially when we neglect the role of emotions in REM-states
Authors: Panksepp Jaak 
Published: July 2002

As highlighted by Solms, and to a lesser extent by Hobson et al. and Nielsen, dreaming and REM sleep can be dissociated. Meanwhile Vertes & Eastman and Revonsuo provide distinct views on the functions of REM sleep and dreaming. A resolution of such divergent views may clarify the fundamental nature of these processes. As dream commentators have long noted, with Revonsuo taking the lead among the present authors, emotionality is a central and consistent aspect of REM dreams. A deeper consideration of emotions in REM dreams may serve as the conceptual salve to help heal the emerging rifts in this field of inquiry.[Hobson et al.; Nielsen; Revonsuo; Solms; Vertes & Eastman]
CALL FOR PAPERS
Journal of Functional Programming
Special Issue on Theorem Provers and Functional Programming
Authors: Melham Tom 
Published: July 2002

A special issue of the Journal of Functional Programming will
be devoted to the use of functional programming in theorem proving. The submission
deadline is 31 August 1997.The histories of theorem provers and functional languages have been deeply
intertwined since the advent of Lisp. A notable example is the ML family of
languages, which are named for the meta language devised for the LCF theorem
prover, and which provide both the implementation platform and interaction facilities
for numerous later systems (such as Coq, HOL, Isabelle, NuPrl). Other examples
include Lisp (as used for ACL2, PVS, Nqthm) and Haskell (as used for Veritas).This special issue is devoted to the theory and practice of using functional
languages to implement theorem provers and using theorem provers to reason about
functional languages. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to:– architecture of theorem prover implementations– interface design in the functional context– limits of the LCF methodology– impact of host language features– type systems– lazy vs strict languages– imperative (impure) features– performance problems and solutions– problems of scale– special implementation techniques– term representations (e.g. de Bruijn vs name carrying vs BDDs)– limitations of current functional languages– mechanised theories of functional programming
Clinical comparison of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in the treatment
of geriatric depression: a review of literature
Authors: Patel Richard Marc 
Published: July 2002

IntroductionWith their ease of administration, relatively benign side-effect profile and safety
in overdose, in the United States the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
have become de facto first choice in the treatment of geriatric depression, displacing
tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs). In this paper, the relevant literature regarding
neurochemistry, kinetics, dosing, efficacy and differential side-effect profiles
of citalopram, fluvoxamine, fluoxetine, sertraline, and paroxetine, the five currently
available SSRIs in the USA, will be reviewed with special emphasis on geriatric data.
Of late, considerable controversy has been generated regarding whether SSRIs are
as effective as TCAs in severe and melancholic depressive subtypes. This important
issue will be explored and the relative utility of all the SSRIs in the elderly patient
compared and contrasted. Finally, reasons for difficulties in comparing results across
studies will be elucidated.
Photoresponses of Transgenic Arabidopsis Overexpressing the Fern Adiantum capillus-veneris PHY1
Authors: Okamoto H. , Sakamoto K. , Tomizawa K. I. , Nagatani A. , Wada M. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
The phytochrome gene (PHY1) cDNA from the fern Adiantum capillus-veneris encodes an amino acid sequence that shows equal similarity (50–60%) to all five Arabidopsis phytochromes (PHYAE). The A. capillus-veneris PHY1 cDNA was transformed into Arabidopsis ecotype Landsberg erecta to investigate its activity in angiosperms. Three of the resulting lines contained at least 8 times more spectrally active phytochrome than the wild type, indicating that A. capillus-veneris phytochrome can incorporate the chromophore of the host plants. Hypocotyl growth inhibition of these transgenic lines was investigated under red and far-red light. The results indicated dominant negative activity of A. capillus-veneris phy1 on the phytochrome A response in the host plants under continuous far-red light. However, the fern phytochrome did not interfere with the red-light repression of hypocotyl growth mediated by endogenous phytochrome B, and it failed to complement a phyB mutant phenotype. These observations suggest that the phy1 phytochrome molecule is too diverged from those of Arabidopsis to be fully functional.
Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of the major horse allergen Equ c 1
Authors: Grégoire Christophe , Tavares Gisele A. , Lorenzo Hans K. , Dandeu Jean-Pierre , David Bernard , Alzari Pedro M. 
Published: July 2002

The secreted protein Equ c 1 is the major component responsible for the induction of specific IgE antibodies in patients sensitized to horse allergens. Equ c 1 belongs to the lipocalin superfamily of hydrophobic ligand-binding proteins, which also includes other known allergens. Equilibrium sedimentation and gel-filtration studies demonstrate that both the glycosylated form of Equ c 1 purified from horse salivary glands and the non-glycosylated recombinant form expressed in bacteria exist predominantly as dimers in solution. As observed for other dimeric lipocalins, acidic pH and low protein concentration favour dimer dissociation. The recombinant form of Equ c 1 has been crystallized using ammonium sulfate as a precipitant. The crystals belong to the tetragonal space group P41212 with cell parameters a = b = 84.0, c = 56.1 Å, and contain a single molecule in the asymmetric unit. A complete data set from native crystals was collected at the synchrotron source in Hamburg to 2.9 Å resolution using a frozen crystal, and structure determination is in progress.
Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic study of HIP/PAP, a human C-lectin overexpressed in primary liver cancers
Authors: Abergel Chantal , Chenivesse Sabine , Stinnakre Marie-Georges , Guasco Sophie , Bréchot Christian , Claverie Jean-Michel , Devinoy Eve , Christa Laurence 
Published: July 2002

Human HIP/PAP is an adhesion protein expressed in normal pancreatic and Paneth cells and overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma. HIP/PAP was crystallized using the Hampton Research Crystal Screen and SAmBA software to define the optimal crystallization protocol. The crystals belong to the orthorhombic space group P212121, with unit-cell parameters a = 30.73, b = 49.35, c = 92.15 Å and one molecule in the asymmetric unit. Flash-frozen crystals diffract to 1.78 Å resolution using synchrotron radiation. A molecular-replacement solution was obtained using the human Reg/lithostathine structure and the AMoRe software.
Expression, crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of the two amino-terminal Ig domains of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM)
Authors: Kasper Christina , Rasmussen Hanne , Berezin Vladimir , Bock Elisabeth , Larsen Ingrid Kjøller 
Published: July 2002

The two amino-terminal Ig domains of the rat neural cell adhesion molecule, NCAM, have been expressed in the yeast strain Pichia pastoris. The double domain consisting of 191 amino acids was overexpressed, purified and crystallized. The crystals belong to the monoclinic space group P21, with unit-cell parameters a = 47.1, b = 122.5, c = 72.9 Å and β = 98.3°. Assuming there are four double domains per asymmetric unit, Vm
is estimated to be 2.41 Å3 Da−1 and the solvent content to be 42.3%. A native data set has been collected from a single flash-frozen crystal to 1.85 Å resolution.
Crystallization and preliminary diffraction studies of two quinoprotein alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs): a soluble monomeric ADH from Pseudomonas putida HK5 (ADH-IIB) and a heterotrimeric membrane-bound ADH from Gluconobacter suboxydans (ADH-GS)
Authors: Chen Zhi-wei , Baruch Petra , Mathews F. Scott , Matsushita Kazunobu , Yamashita Tetsuo , Toyama Hirohide , Adachi Osao 
Published: July 2002

Crystals of a soluble monomeric quinocytochrome alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH-IIB) and of a trimeric membrane-associated quinocytochrome alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH-GS) have been obtained. The ADH-IIB crystals are triclinic, with one monomer in the unit cell, and were obtained in the presence of PEG 8000, sodium citrate, HEPES buffer and 2-propanol. X-ray data were collected at 110 K to 1.9 Å resolution (R
merge = 6.4%) and the orientation of a methanol dehydrogenase search molecule (from Methylophilus methylotrophus W3A1) was obtained by molecular replacement. Preliminary refinement of this model (10.0–3.0 Å resolution, R = 0.37, R
free = 0.40) led to tentative identification of the two highest peaks in a native anomalous difference Fourier map as the Fe atom of the heme and a calcium ion interacting with the PQQ prosthetic group. The ADH-GS crystals are tetragonal, displaying six similar lattices, both primitive and centered, and were grown by the sitting-drop method after replacement of Triton X-100 by dodecylmaltoside or octaethylene glycol monododecyl ether in the presence of ammonium sulfate and sodium acetate buffer, with and without PEG 3500 and calcium ion. The best diffraction is obtained at 110 K where the resolution extends to about 4 Å in the a and b directions and about 3 Å in the c direction.
Crystallization of the N-terminal domain of human sex hormone-binding globulin, the major sex steroid carrier in blood
Authors: Grishkovskaya Irina , Sklenar Gisela , Avvakumov George V. , Dales David , Behlke Joachim , Hammond Geoffrey L. , Muller Yves A. 
Published: July 2002

The amino-teminal laminin G-like domain of human sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), which contains the steroid-binding site and the dimerization domain, has been produced in Escherichia coli, purified to homogeneity and crystallized in complex with 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in two different crystal forms. Native data sets have been collected for tetragonal crystals (space group P4122 or P4322; unit-cell parameters a = 52.2, c = 148.4 Å) diffracting to 3.3 Å and trigonal crystals (R32; a = 104.0, c = 84.4 Å) diffracting to better than 1.6 Å. Since both crystal forms can only accommodate a single monomer in the asymmetric unit and share twofold rotational symmetry, it is proposed that the homodimer of this truncated form of SHBG, as observed in ultracentrifugation experiments, displays C
2 point-group symmetry.
Toxoplasma gondii adenosine kinase: expression, purification, characterization, crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis
Authors: Recacha Rosario , Talalaev Alexander , DeLucas Lawrence J. , Chattopadhyay Debasish 
Published: July 2002

The obligate intracellular protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii depends on the purine-salvage pathway for its purine supply. Unlike its mammalian hosts, T. gondii salvages purine precursors predominantly via adenosine kinase, the enzyme that phosphorylates adenosine to adenosine monophosphate (AMP). The cDNA encoding T. gondii adenosine kinase was subcloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant protein was active in an in vitro enzyme assay over a broad pH range. It required a divalent cation for activity. The enzyme was inactivated by the addition of 1 µM mercuric chloride. The inactivation could be reversed by a reducing agent. The active recombinant protein was crystallized using sodium sulfate as precipitant at pH 8.0. The crystals diffract to 1.8 Å and belong to the monoclinic space group P21, with unit-cell parameters a = 47.5, b = 68.9, c = 57.0 Å, β = 100.3°. The calculated Vm
based on one molecule per asymmetric unit is 2.38 Å3 Da−1.
Development of Hexaaluminate Catalysts for Combustion of Gasified
Biomass in Gas Turbines
Authors: Johansson E. M. , Danielsson K. M. J. , Ersson A. G. , Järås S. G. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
There is an increasing interest in catalytic combustors fuelled by low-heating value (LHV) gases, with a LHV of 5–7 MJ/Nm3. This is because catalytic combustion could be advantageous compared to flame combustion with respect to stable combustion of LHV-gases and low conversions of fuel-N (mainly NH3) to NOX. In the present project, funded by the EU Joule Program, catalytic combustion of gasified wood for gas turbine applications is studied. A synthetic gas mixture of H2, CO, CO2,H2O,CH4,N2, and NH3, that resembles the output from a fluidized bed gasifier using biomass as raw material, is used. The gas mixture is mixed with air at atmospheric pressure and combusted over washcoated cordierite monoliths in a bench-scale laboratory quartz-reactor. The objectives of the work described here are twofold. To begin with, improvement of the thermal stability of hexaaluminate washcoats by substitutions of rare earth or transition metal compounds is being studied. Secondly, catalytic combustion of gasified biomass over these washcoats has been studied in a bench-scale unit. In this on-going project, obtained result show that it is possible to improve the surface area of hexaaluminate compounds up to 17 m2/g after careful synthesis and calcination up to 1400°C for four hours. The selectivity of NH3-conversion to N2 is at present at 60 percent, but varies strongly with temperature. Fuel components such as H2, CO, C2H4, and NH3 ignite at temperatures close to compressor outlet temperatures. This means that a pilot-flame may not be needed for ignition of the fuel. A comparison between a Pd-impregnated lanthanum hexaaluminate and a Mn-substituted lanthanum hexaaluminate showed that the ignition temperature and the NOX-formation varied strongly over the two different catalysts.
Features of Automotive Gas Tank Filler Pipe Two-Phase Flow:
Experiments and Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Banerjee R. , Isaac K. M. , Oliver L. , Breig W. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Extensive flow visualization in an automotive fuel filler pipe made visible by introducing dyes and smoke in water and air, respectively, were conducted for nominal flow rates of 4–18 liters per minute. Video and still cameras were used for imaging. Features of the flow such as laminar-to-turbulent transition, progressive development of strong swirl along filler pipe axis, air entrainment, and mixing with the liquid were observed in the experiments. The experimental observations were supported by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of the flow which also showed features such as swirl and air entrainment.
Synthesis and Analysis of Stroke-Increasing and Force-Balancing
Mechanisms for Rod Pumping Units
Authors: Yi Lu , Leinonen Tatu 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
This paper introduces a creative synthesis and analysis of stroke-increasing and force-balancing mechanisms for rod oil pumping units by using the systematic linkage technique. The corresponding relations between the kinematic components in mechanisms and the link element in associated linkage are determined. Four acceptable associated linkages are used to create eight new types of mechanisms for rod oil pumping units. Formulas are derived for calculating stroke, counterweight mass, and driving force. For each synthesized mechanism, an analysis of properties, working loads, and strokes is conducted. Finally, a better mechanism for the rod oil pumping units is presented.
Local Furnace Data and Modeling Comparison for a 600-MWe Coal-Fired
Utility Boiler
Authors: Hwang Yuh-Long , Howell John R. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Reductions in furnace exit gas temperature (FEGT) by changing boiler operating variables and/or adding wall soot blowers and/or lowering burner elevations are investigated. Evaluation of these approaches requires experimental furnace testing and computational furnace modeling. The experimental facility is a Combustion Engineering corner-fired pulverized-coal boiler with a capacity of 606 MWe. Local gas temperature distributions, local radiative and total wall heat flux distributions, and stack NOx were measured during constant-load furnace tests under various combinations of burner configuration, burner tilt angles, excess-O2 setpoints and overfire airflow rate. These measurements are used for tuning and calibrating a furnace model based on the PCGC-3 code developed by Brigham Young University. The experimental data gathered in this work comprise a comprehensive set under controlled conditions on a very-large-scale coal-fired plant and provides information for use in comparing the predictions of furnace-design codes.