bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Virion-Associated Vpr Alleviates a Postintegration Block to HIV-1 Infection of Dendritic Cells
Authors: Miller Caitlin M. , Akiyama Hisashi , Agosto Luis M. , Emery Ann , Ettinger Chelsea R. , Swanstrom Ronald I. , Henderson Andrew J. , Gummuluru Suryaram 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTViral protein R (Vpr) is an HIV-1 accessory protein whose function remains poorly understood. In this report, we sought to determine the requirement of Vpr for facilitating HIV-1 infection of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDCs), one of the first cell types to encounter virus in the peripheral mucosal tissues. In this report, we characterize a significant restriction of Vpr-deficient virus replication and spread in MDDCs alone and in cell-to-cell spread in MDDC-CD4+T cell cocultures. This restriction of HIV-1 replication in MDDCs was observed in a single round of virus replication and was rescued by the expression of Vpr intransin the incoming virion. Interestingly, infections of MDDCs with viruses that encode Vpr mutants unable to interact with either the DCAF1/DDB1 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex or a host factor hypothesized to be targeted for degradation by Vpr also displayed a significant replication defect. While the extent of proviral integration in HIV-1-infected MDDCs was unaffected by the absence of Vpr, the transcriptional activity of the viral long terminal repeat (LTR) from Vpr-deficient proviruses was significantly reduced. Together, these results characterize a novel postintegration restriction of HIV-1 replication in MDDCs and show that the interaction of Vpr with the DCAF1/DDB1 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex and the yet-to-be-identified host factor might alleviate this restriction by inducing transcription from the viral LTR. Taken together, these findings identify a robustin vitrocell culture system that is amenable to addressing mechanisms underlying Vpr-mediated enhancement of HIV-1 replication.IMPORTANCEDespite decades of work, the function of the HIV-1 protein Vpr remains poorly understood, primarily due to the lack of anin vitrocell culture system that demonstrates a deficit in replication upon infection with viruses in the absence of Vpr. In this report, we describe a novel cell infection system that utilizes primary human dendritic cells, which display a robust decrease in viral replication upon infection with Vpr-deficient HIV-1. We show that this replication difference occurs in a single round of infection and is due to decreased transcriptional output from the integrated viral genome. Viral transcription could be rescued by virion-associated Vpr. Using mutational analysis, we show that domains of Vpr involved in binding to the DCAF1/DDB1/E3 ubiquitin ligase complex and prevention of cell cycle progression into mitosis are required for LTR-mediated viral expression, suggesting that the evolutionarily conserved G2cell cycle arrest function of Vpr is essential for HIV-1 replication.
Understanding Space Weather: Part II: The Violent Sun
Authors: Strong Keith T. , Schmelz Joan T. , Saba Julia L. R. , Kucera Therese A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe Sun is often racked by short-term violent events such as flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) but these two phenomena are often confused. Both are caused by the release of energy due to the reconnection of stressed and unstable magnetic fields. Flares bathe the solar system in electromagnetic radiation from gamma rays to radio emissions. CMEs throw billions of tons of solar plasma into interplanetary space at velocities of over 1,000 km s−1. Flares can occur without significant ejecta being spewed out from the Sun into the solar system. CMEs can occur without a significant flare being detected. The most violent and dangerous events occur when a large flare is accompanied by a major eruption. These violent events are much more common near solar maximum but can occur at any time during the solar cycle, so we are rarely completely immune to their effects. Various types of solar activity can lead to problems with electrical grids, navigation systems, and communications, and can present a hazard to astronauts, as will be discussed in future papers in this series.
Platelet-rich fibrin-a cost-effective, donor less and indigenous therapy for obtaining root coverage-a case report
Authors: Joshi Bharat 
Published: April 2017

Among the periodontal infections, gingival recession is a separate clinical entity which demands a permanent solution plan. Treatment therapies are based on either elimination (as in case of Millerâ€™s class I/II recession) or increasing the width of keratinized gingiva for prevention of further progression (as in case of Millerâ€™s class III/IV recession). From the centuries, graft surgeries like free gingival graft, lateral pedicle and Coronally advanced flaps have been successful in the Â treatment of gingival recession. As every technique has its own merits and demerits, clinicians have tried to stress upon addition of certain adjuncts or biomaterials to ensure rapid healing and less post-operative discomfort. Platelet concentrates are an excellent biomaterials for increasing width of attached gingiva and enhancing wound healing. They are cost effective, do not require donor tissue for harvesting and contain variety of growth factors for initiating regeneration. In this paper, Platelet-rich fibrin a 2nd generation concentrates has been used as an adjunct to Coronally advanced flap with a purpose of increasing width of keratinized gingiva, obtaining complete root coverage and achieving gingival harmony.
Symplectic topology of Lagrangian submanifolds of ℂPn
with intermediate minimal Maslov numbers
Authors: Iriyeh Hiroshi 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
We examine symplectic topological features of a certain family of monotone Lagrangian submanifolds in ℂPn
. First we give cohomological constraints on a Lagrangian submanifold in ℂPn
whose first integral homology is p-torsion. In the case where (n, p) = (5,3), (8, 3), we prove that the cohomologies with coefficients in ℤ2 of such Lagrangian submanifolds are isomorphic to that of SU(3)/(SO(3)ℤ3) and SU(3)/ℤ3, respectively. Then we calculate the Floer cohomology with coefficients in ℤ2 of a monotone Lagrangian submanifold SU(p)/ℤ
p
in

C

P

p
2

−
1

.

${\mathbb C}P^{p^2-1}.$
Condensation of refrigerant R407C in multiport minichannel section
Authors: Bohdal Tadeusz , Charun Henryk , Sikora Małgorzata 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAnalysis of the state of-the-art in research of refrigerant condensation in miniature heat exchangers, so-called multiports, was made. Results of refrigerant R407C condensation in a mini condenser made in the form of two bundles of tubular minichannels from stainless steel with an inside diameter 0.64 mm and length 100 mm have been presented. Two exchangers consisted of four minichannels and 8 minichannels have been investigated. The values of average heat transfer coefficient and frictional pressure drops throughout the condensation process were designated. The impact of the vapor quality of refrigerant and the mass flux density on the intensity of heat transfer and flow resistance were illustrated. A comparative analysis of test results for various refrigerants in both mini heat exchangers were made.
Transposition of Subclavian Artery – Is It the Appropriate Choice?
Authors: Lazovski Nikola , Jovev Sasko , Babic Dusan , Babic Srdjan , Dzemali Omer 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Introduction: To present patients with symptomatic subclavian artery disease and treatment possibility.
Case report: A 53-year-old female was admitted with vertigo and left arm claudication. Duplex-scan and MSCT arteriography verified subclavian artery occlusion. After the endovascular treatment failure, the patient was switched to surgical treatment - subclavian artery transposition. After the successful surgical treatment, the patient was discharged on the second postoperative day. If the patient is a candidate for surgery, the literature review shows good initial and long-term results after the subclavian artery transposition, and emphasizes this technique as superior.
Conclusion: Subclavian carotid transposition is a safe and effective method of treatment in patients after endovascular treatment failure or other indication. Also, the surgical treatment is technically demanding because of the difficult access to the vessel origin, and it requires experienced surgeons.
Humanitarian Needs Among Displaced and Female-Headed Households in Government-Controlled Areas of Syria
Authors: Doocy Shannon , Lyles Emily 
Published: April 2017

Objectives. To identify unmet needs and assistance priorities of displaced and female-headed households in government-controlled areas of Syria. Methods. In mid-2016, we undertook a survey of accessible areas, largely urban and government-controlled, to identify unmet needs and assistance priorities. We used a cluster design with probability sampling to attain a final sample of 2405 households from 10 of 14 governorates; 31 of 65 (47.7%) districts were included that are home to 38.1% of people in need. Results. Displaced and female-headed households were more vulnerable than nondisplaced and male-headed households in numerous sectors. Despite approximately half of surveyed households reporting receipt of humanitarian assistance in the preceding month and apparently effective targeting of assistance by vulnerability, unmet needs were nearly ubiquitous. Conclusions. The humanitarian situation in inaccessible areas of Syria is likely to be considerably worse; thus, findings presented here likely underestimate humanitarian needs. Efforts to expand support to Syria’s most vulnerable households are desperately needed as are innovative targeting and modalities that enable more efficient and effective assistance.
The Vector Approach to Safety Factors for Tubular Design
Authors: Liu Zhengchun , Klever Frans , Samuel Robello , Gonzales Adolfo , Kang Yongfeng 
Published: April 2017

Summary
Traditionally, the collapse safety factor (SF) is the ratio of tubular-collapse resistance to collapse load. The collapse resistance is usually calculated by use of formulas suggested by API TR 5C3 (2008) or ISO/TR 10400 (2007). If the collapse load is very small, whereas the tension stress and/or internal pressure are high, the collapse SF could be very large, which is unrealistic because the load point is close to the collapse envelope. This paper presents a vector approach for the collapse-SF calculation to overcome this problem. Moreover, the application of this vector approach can be properly extended to the calculation of International Organization for Standardization (ISO) connector SF for arbitrary load combinations.
The new SF is named the vector SF. It is the multiplier that would scale the load-point vector to reach the strength envelope in stress space. It must meet the following requirement: When all the tubular loads (axial force, internal pressure, and external pressure) are scaled by this SF, the load point must fall exactly on the failure envelope. Therefore, for American Petroleum Institute (API) collapse, the new SF must simultaneously satisfy the API TR 5C3 (2008) collapse formulas and the through-load-point radial-line equation. Ridders' method (Ridders 1979) is used to solve the SF for a specific load case. The algorithm has been implemented in a casing-design computer program (Landmark 2017) and integrated with commercial software. This vector approach has been applied to both pipe body and connectors.
Example cases are used to study the effect of the vector approach on the collapse-SF values. The collapse-SF value is observed to become much smaller when the effective axial stress (actual axial stress plus internal pressure) is very high, which is expected because of the much-smaller vector collapse resistance (at the cross point of the radial line with the collapse curve). When the effective axial stress is not positive, the collapse SF slightly changes. A North Sea high-pressure/high-temperature well is also presented. The results indicate that the vector collapse SF is more realistic. In particular, it is most conservative in load cases with high effective axial stresses.
In summary, it is shown that the vector approach to calculate the SF is equivalent to the current method of comparing the von Mises equivalent stress with the material yield strength (YS). The vector SF has critical safety implications for load cases in which high effective axial stresses exist. Its software implementation can certainly assist well engineers with more-conservative and more-straightforward tubular design.
A Matric Flux Potential Approach to Assess Plant Water Availability in Two Climate Zones in Brazil
Authors: Pinheiro Everton Alves Rodrigues , de Jong van Lier Quirijn , Metselaar Klaas 
Published: April 2017

Core Ideas
A multi‐layer root water uptake model is developed based on matric flux potential.
Soil hydraulic properties from two important ecological zones in Brazil are assessed.
Water supplying capacity to plants is higher in semiarid than in humid zone soils.
Reduction of root suction below −150 m does virtually not affect water availability.
Predicting soil water availability to plants is important for agricultural and ecological models. Models that explicitly take into account root water uptake and transpiration reduction describe the ability of soil to supply water to plants based on soil hydraulic properties that depend on soil water content. The objective of this study was to further develop an existing single‐layer root water uptake model based on matric flux potential to allow for multi‐layer scenarios; and to illustrate its functionality using soil hydraulic properties from layered soils from two climate zones in Brazil: a semiarid zone and a humid zone. For each soil layer, the hydraulic properties were determined by inverse modeling of laboratory evaporation experiment data available for pressure heads between −165 and −1.5 m. The water supplying capacities of soils were evaluated using the newly developed multi‐layer root water uptake model. Soils from the semiarid zone were able to supply water to plants over a wider range of pressure heads. Soils from the humid zone showed slightly stronger hydraulic restrictions for supplying transpirable water. For the analyzed soils, only a negligible increase in available water results from decreasing the root water potential below −150 m. Therefore, based on this analysis, it is reasonable to expect plant adaptation to move toward an increase of root length density rather than to a decrease of minimum root water potential.
TELAAH ILMIAH SAINS DALAM HADITS YANG BERKAITAN DENGAN KEHIDUPAN SEHARI-HARI
Authors: Anwar Edi Daenuri 
Published: April 2017

<p><span>Abstract</span></p><p><span>Hadits yang merupakan manifestasi perkataan (qouliy), perbuatan (" ’liy) dan dan pengakuan (taqriri) <span>dari bagi baginda nabi Muhammad saw 14 abad yang silam mengandung kajian sainti" k yang sangat <span>mendalam dan bermanfaat bagi kehidupan, memiliki rahasia-rahasia yang baru bisa diketahui pada abad<br /><span>modern ini. <span>Hadits yang dimaksud adalah hadits yang berkaitan erat dengan kehidupan sehari-hari (a’malul <span>yaumiyyah) meliputi: makanan, minuman, kesehatan, dan tidur. Rahasia-rahasia tersebut coba dikaji <span>dari baerbagai sudut, sanadnya, kitabnya, dan rahasia sains yang yang terkandung di dalammnya<br /><span>meliputi " sika, kimia, biologi, dan kedokteran. <span>Rahasia yang ditelaah meliputi: puasa, khasiat yang terkandung dalam makanan, siwak, gandum, kurma, <br /><span>larangan meniup minuman, cara yang terbaik dalam tidur.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><br /><span><strong>Keywordi:</strong> <em>hadits, sains, rahasia</em></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br /></span></span></p>
How access, appropriateness, and quality of care affect patient outcomes for time-sensitive medical emergencies in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Panagiotoglou Dimitra 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
ObjectivesCox Proportional Hazards models tested the relationship between access to care for time sensitive medical events and 30-day survival while controlling for appropriateness and quality of care.
ApproachA population study of all acute myocardial infarction (AMI), trauma, and stroke events treated within British Columbia between April 1st 1999 and March 31st 2013. Data sources included: the Discharge Abstract Database (DAD); a registry file; the Vital Statistics Mortality data; and the Medical Services Plan (MSP) Payment Information.
Access to care was estimated with a de-identified residential postal code to hospital distance matrix developed using origin-destination network analysis in ArcGIS 10.2. Appropriateness of care compared national protocols with treatment received. Care that was contraindicated, outdated, or at an inexperienced facility was inappropriate. Quality of care was an outcome measure that used risk-standardized mortality ratios and funnel plots to identify hospitals that offered poor care.
ResultsThere were 106,409 AMI, 220,602 trauma, and 88,136 stroke events that occurred during the study period and used in condition specific hierarchical hazards models. Adjusted hazards ratios (aHR) found access to care were not associated with 30-day mortality after controlling for appropriateness and quality of care along with patient (i.e. age, sex, income, rurality, frailty) and system specific (i.e. method of transport, transfer patterns, facility volume, rurality, peer group) characteristics. Appropriate care reduced the hazard of mortality for all three conditions: AMI aHR=0.860 (95% CI=0.792-0.993, p-value=0.0003); stroke aHR=0.448 (95% CI=0.324-0.619, p-value<0.0001) and trauma aHR=0.824 (95% CI=0.703-0.967, p-value=0.0176). Quality of care reduced hazards of mortality for trauma (aHR=0.689, 95% CI=0.586-0.808, p-value<0.0001) and stroke (aHR=0.762, 95% CI=0.689-0.842, p-value<0.0001). Inter-hospital transfers were protective for AMI (aHR=0.513, 95% CI=0.406-0.649, p-value<0.0001) and stroke (aHR=0.768, 95% CI=0.630-0.936, p-value=0.0089) but detrimental for trauma (aHR=1.583, 95%CI=1.310-1.913, p-value<0.0001). Method of transport was also significant. Self-transport was protective for trauma (aHR=0.462, 95% CI=0.417-0.513, p-value<0.0001) and stroke (aHR=0.330, 95% CI=0.301-0.363, p-value<0.0001). Older age was associated with higher mortality rates across all three conditions (p-value<0.0001) and being female increased the hazard of death for AMI (aHR=1.049, 95% CI=1.010-1.088, p-value=0.0125) but was protective for trauma (aHR=0.583, 95% CI=0.551-0.617, p-value<0.0001) events.
ConclusionAs health systems evolve to meet the needs of their patients and work to provide equitable care under economic pressure for efficiency, it is important to understand how access, appropriateness and quality of care affect patient outcomes and distribute services accordingly.
Data-driven drug safety signal detection methods in pharmacovigilance using electronic primary care records: A population based study
Authors: Zhou Shang-Ming , Muhammad Rahman , Lyons Ronan , Brophy Sinead 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
ObjectivesThough an effective drug to treat heart failure and heart rhythm abnormalities, digoxin has side effects, such as confusion. Adverse drug events (ADEs) are major public health issues, but signal detection of ADEs is challenging for healthcare professionals. The objectives of this study is to evaluate if data-driven techniques can be used to detect ADEs, specifically examine the best method to detect the known event of confusion in patients prescribed digoxin from electronic primary care records and generate evidence for unknown ADEs.
ApproachIn this study, we analysed 195,454 patients from a general practitioner (GP) database Wales, UK held in the SAIL (Secured Anonymised Information Linkage) databank with 51,920 patients prescribed digoxin and the rest acted as controls. All diagnostic events within 1 year after taking digoxin were considered. We used different data-driven analytic techniques - the proportional reporting ratio (PRR), the reporting odds ratio (ROR), the information component (IC), and the Yule’s Q (YULE) to detect signal of a statistical association between digoxin and associated adverse events.
ResultsThe YULE detected the highest number of 544 signals, the IC the lowest number of 117 signals, and they commonly identified 83 same signals. All ROR based signals were included in the YULE based signals. It detected that 8.09 people per 10,000 who took digoxin suffered from the side effect of confusion including acute confusional state of cerebrovascular origin and others. All 4 methods can detect the confusion event with the values of IC =5.35 (standard deviation =0.312), PRR=1407.2 (95% confidence interval=[993.72, 1992.71]), ROR== 2813.39 (95% confidence interval=[1692.443, 4676.776]), and YULE=0.99 (95% confidence interval=[0.9992892, , 0.9992895]) respectively. Also some unknown signals, such as “carcinoma in situ of rectum”, were identified by the 4 methods. One common signal detected which was not clearly mentioned in clinical guideline is “digoxin poisoning” with the values of IC =1.87 (standard deviation =0.0946), PRR=214.71 (95% confidence interval=[68.75, 670.56]), ROR=215.67(95% confidence interval=[69.05, 673.63]), and YULE=0.99 (95% confidence interval=[0.9907,0.9908]) respectively. This finding is consistent with the previous study that digoxin can sometimes have toxic effects, particularly at high blood concentrations, because it normally takes a long time to be broken down by the body.
ConclusionData-driven analytic methods are a valuable aid to signal detection of ADEs from large electronic health records for drug safety monitoring. This study finds the methods can detect known ADE and so could potentially be used to detect unknown ADE.