bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Partizipationsmöglichkeiten von Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen im Sport – eine explorative Interviewstudie zum demokratiebildenden Potenzial von Sportvereinen
Authors: Quade Sarah , Barkemeyer Lorena , Neuber Nils 
Published: September 2024

ZusammenfassungPartizipation von Heranwachsenden im Sportverein ist sowohl für die Entwicklung der jungen Menschen als auch für die Zukunftsfähigkeit der Vereine von großer Bedeutung und hat sogar eine darüber hinausragende, gesellschaftliche Relevanz für die Demokratie. Der Beitrag analysiert unter Rückgriff auf den breit angelegten demokratischen Partizipationsbegriff nach Eikel (2007) Möglichkeiten für Mitbestimmung, Mitsprache und Mitgestaltung im Sportverein aus der Perspektive von Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen.In einem ersten Befragungszeitraum im Sommer 2021 wurden 16 Interviews mit jungen Sportler*innen (n = 16) im Alter von 16 bis 20 Jahren geführt. Darauf aufbauend fanden zum Ende des Jahres 2022 vier Fokusgruppeninterviews mit engagierten Sportler*innen im Alter von 16 bis 27 Jahren statt. Mittels einer qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse wurden die Ergebnisse in einem deduktiv-induktiven Verfahren kategorisiert und analysiert. Grundsätzlich zeigt sich, dass der Sportverein aus der Perspektive der Heranwachsenden Möglichkeiten der Partizipation in allen drei Facetten bieten kann. Dabei werden in der Analyse unterschiedliche Strukturebenen für Partizipationsmöglichkeiten im Sportverein sowie der Grad an Formalisierung herausgearbeitet.
The Value of Independence between Experts: Epistemic Autonomy and Different Perspectives
Authors: Wright Jack 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
I offer two interpretations of independence between experts: (i) independence as deciding autonomously, and (ii) independence as having different perspectives. I argue that when experts are grouped together, independence of both kinds is valuable for the same reason: they reduce the likelihood of erroneous consensus by enabling a greater variety of critical viewpoints. In offering this argument, I show that a purported proof from Finnur Dellsén that groups of more autonomous experts are more reliable does not work. It relies on a flawed ceteris paribus assumption, as well as a false equivalence between autonomy and probabilistic independence. A purely formal proof that more autonomous experts are more reliable is in fact not possible – substantive claims about how more autonomous groups reason are required. My alternative argument for the value of autonomy between experts rests on the claim that groups that triangulate a greater range of critical viewpoints will be less likely to accept hypotheses in error. As well as clarifying what makes autonomy between experts valuable, this mechanism of critical triangulation, gives us reason to value groups of experts that cover a wide range of relevant skills and knowledge. This justifies my second interpretation of expert independence.
Arendt, Natality, and Indigenous Reproductive Justice
Authors: Tyson Sarah 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In their recent book, Arendt, Natality and Biopolitics, Rosalyn Diprose and Ewa Plonowska Ziarek reconstruct Hannah Arendt's concept of natality in order to diagnose and resist biopolitical threats to democratic plurality. Their analysis leads them to engage indigenous reproductive justice organizing; that engagement is the focus of my critique. I argue that their understanding of the biopolitical targeting of indigenous people needs further development. Diprose and Ziarek tend to read indigenous organizers as working toward inclusion in the democratic plurality of settler societies. While that is the aim of some indigenous organizations and actors, that is not the aim of many, including a theorist and activist they engage, Katsi Cook (Mohawk). I suggest that their engagement with indigenous reproductive justice organizing is shaped by the important, but unthematized role settler colonialism has in Arendt's work. I further argue that Cook provides crucial theoretical and practical challenges to the settler state and its role in feminist theoretical projects of critique.
Exchangeable molybdenum concentration in lowland paddy fields of Sri Lanka as affected by the differences in agro-climatic zones, soil orders, and water sources
Authors: Hettiarachchi Indeera , Ariyaratne Mojith , Rathnayake Upul , Madushan Ranga , Kadupitiya Harsha , Chandrajith Rohana , Suriyagoda Lalith 
Published: September 2024

Summary
Molybdenum (Mo) is an essential micronutrient for plants. However, Mo status in Sri Lankan paddy fields as affected by climate and soil is not known. This study was conducted to (i) determine the distribution of exchangeable Mo concentration, and (ii) examine the interactive effects of the agro-climatic zone (ACZ), soil order, water source, and their interactions in determining exchangeable Mo concentration in lowland paddy fields of Sri Lanka. A total of 3,719 soil samples representing six ACZs, six soil orders, and three water sources were collected using a stratified random sampling approach. Exchangeable Mo concentration was determined after extracting in 0.01 M CaCl2 solution and detected using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Soil Mo concentration varied in the range of 0.01 to 245 µg kg−1 with a mean of 25.9 µg kg−1. Samples collected from the Wet zone, particularly Wet zone Low country, had higher Mo concentrations than those reported in other ACZs. Among the soil orders tested, Histosols had a higher Mo concentration while that in other soil orders was similar. Rainfed paddy fields had more Mo than supplementary irrigated paddy fields. Spatial maps were generated to visualise the geographical variation in soil Mo concentration. Due to the presence of a spatial heterogeneity of exchangeable Mo concentration, it is important to implement ACZ, soil, and water source-based strategies to improve Mo status in Sri Lankan paddy fields.
What candidate will fight corruption? Gender and anti-corruption stereotypes across European countries
Authors: Bauhr Monika , Charron Nicholas , Wängnerud Lena 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWhat candidates do voters perceive as best to combat corruption? While recent studies suggest that parties recruit women in order to restore legitimacy, we know less about whether voters believe that women candidates are better equipped than male candidates to fight corruption. This study suggests that women mayors are seen as more likely to fight corruption, yet that the credibility of both male and female politicians increases if they are ascribed traits traditionally seen as ‘female,’ including being risk averse or specializing in the provision of welfare services. Leveraging the diverse levels of socio-economic development, corruption, and gender equality across 25 EU member countries, our unique conjoint experiment shows support for these claims. Both women and male candidates benefit from being described as risk averse and prioritizing social welfare issues, while outsider status has no effect. Male candidates, however, have a consistent disadvantage, particularly among women voters. Moreover, the effects of candidate gender are strongest in areas of Europe with the highest levels of political gender equality.
Too Crooked to be Good? Trade-offs in the Electoral Punishment of Malfeasance and Corruption
Authors: Breitenstein Sofia , Hernández Enrique 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWhile elections are an instrument to hold politicians accountable, corrupt politicians are often re-elected. A potential explanation for this paradox is that citizens trade-off integrity for competence. Voters may forgive corruption if corrupt politicians manage to deliver desirable outcomes. While previous studies have examined whether politicians’ competence moderates the negative effect of corruption, this paper focuses on voters’ priorities and directly assesses what citizens value more: integrity or favourable outcomes. Using a survey experiment, we assess citizens’ support for politicians who violate the law in order to improve the welfare of their community and, in some cases, benefit personally from these violations. The results indicate that citizens prefer a politician who follows the law, even if this leads to a suboptimal outcome. However, voters are more likely to overlook violations of the law that benefit the community if these do not result in a personal gain for politicians (i.e., in the absence of corruption). These findings suggest that the mild electoral punishment of corruption may be due to the public’s unawareness of private gains from malfeasance, or to the delay in these private benefits becoming apparent by election day.
Incorporation of Dissolved Heavy Metals Into the Skeleton of Porites Corals Based on Multi‐Element Culturing Experiments
Authors: Schmidt Sarina , Hathorne Ed C. , Schönfeld Joachim , Gosnell Kathleen J. , Garbe‐Schönberg Dieter 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAnthropogenic activities increase the level of dissolved heavy metals in some tropical near‐shore environments threatening reef ecosystems. The skeleton of stony corals like Porites species potentially provides a high‐resolution geochemical archive for past heavy metal concentrations, with potentially century long records revealing baseline values before large‐scale human disturbance. However, few data exist for heavy metal partitioning into coral skeleton aragonite. To address this, culturing experiments exposing Porites lobata and Porites lichen to a mixture of dissolved Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ag, Cd, Sn, Hg, and Pb over a wide concentration range have been performed. Water samples were taken frequently to monitor changes in the heavy metal concentration. Laser ablation ICP‐MS measurements of the coral aragonite revealed metal concentrations that were positively correlated with Cr, Mn, Ni, Zn, Ag, Cd, and Pb concentrations in seawater. The DTE values for most metals appear dependent on the seawater metal content, approximating a power law, and therefore stabilize at higher seawater metal/Ca ratios. The partitioning of Pb into the coral skeleton is a notable exception, with DPb being stable around 2 to 1 across a large range of “natural” to highly polluted seawater Pb concentrations. This and the general agreement with partition coefficients estimated by previous work suggests that the reconstruction of the heavy metal concentration in seawater for ecosystem monitoring is possible. However, the high variability within and between coral colonies requires further study and suggests that multiple records from multiple coral colonies should be combined to obtain robust reconstructions.
Observation and Analysis of Anomalous Terrestrial Diffraction as a Mechanism of Electromagnetic Precursors of Earthquakes
Authors: Fujii Masafumi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDetection of earthquake precursors has long been a controversial issue with regard to its possibility and realizability. Here we present the detection of electromagnetic anomalous signals before large earthquakes using an observation network of very high frequency radio wave receivers close to major tectonic lines in Japan. The receivers are equipped with specifically designed narrowband filters to suppress noises and to detect extremely weak signals. We detected different types of electromagnetic anomalies before earthquakes around mountainous and coastal regions, where presence of electric charges is anticipated on the surface located in the middle of the radio wave paths near major tectonic lines in Japan. We use numerical electromagnetic wave analysis to show that when electric charges are present on a ground surface as a consequence of tectonic activity, the surface charges interact strongly with radio waves and eventually cause strong diffraction of the radio waves. The analysis was performed using the three‐dimensional finite‐difference time‐domain method with digital elevation models of the actual geographical landforms on a massively parallel supercomputer. The results confirm the consistent mechanisms of the electromagnetic precursors, which explains the anomalous electromagnetic signals observed by the authors before large earthquakes.
3D Shear Velocity Structure of the Caribbean—Northwestern South America Subduction Zone From Ambient Noise and Ballistic Rayleigh Wave Tomography
Authors: Miao Wenpei , Cornthwaite John , Levander Alan , Niu Fenglin , Schmitz Michael , Li Guoliang , Dionicio Viviana , Prieto German 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe Caribbean‐South America subduction zone is a flat subduction zone, with Laramide‐style thick‐skinned uplifts occurring in the Merida Andes, Sierra de Perija Range, and Santa Marta Massif. Geodetic measurements and historical seismicity show this region is storing strain energy and is capable of a mega‐thrust earthquake (M ≥ 8.0). Previous seismic investigations of the lithosphere and upper mantle in this area are either very large scale, very local, or only peripheral to this area; therefore, details of the Caribbean plate subduction geometry beneath the Maracaibo block remain unclear. In this study, we used a new data set acquired by the Caribbean‐Merida Andes seismic experiment (CARMA), which comprised 65 temporary broadband stations and 44 permanent stations from the Colombian and Venezuelan national seismic networks. We jointly inverted ambient noise Rayleigh wave Z/H ratios, phase velocities in the 8–30 s band and ballistic Rayleigh wave phase velocities in 30–80 s band to construct a 3‐D S‐wave velocity model in the area between 75°–65°W and 5°–12°N. The 3‐D model reveals a general increase in crust thickness from the trench to the southeast. An anomalous area is the Lake Maracaibo, which is underlaid by the thinnest crystalline crust in the region. This observation may indicate that the Maracaibo block is experiencing a contortion deformation within the crust. We also identified a high velocity anomaly above the subducting Caribbean slab, likely representing a detached piece of eclogitized Caribbean large igneous province from the base of the Maracaibo block. Additionally, our Vs model clearly indicates a slab tear within the subducted Caribbean slab, approximately beneath the Oca‐Ancon Fault.
Strong Energy Conversion at Magnetotail Plasma Sheet Boundary Layer
Authors: Du C. X. , Fu H. S. , Cao J. B. , Wang Z. , Yu Y. , Fu W. D. , Zhang W. Z. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe magnetotail plasma sheet boundary layer (PSBL) is a dynamic boundary layer between the hot‐denser plasma sheet and the cold‐tenuous tail lobes. It plays an important role in exchanging mass and energy in the magnetotail. In previous studies, the local current carried by the electron beams has been well understood. The strong energy conversion (E ⋅ J, E is electric field and J is current density), however, is barely reported at the PSBL. Here, using magnetospheric multiscale mission, we find a strong dawn‐dusk current with a magnitude of 80 nA/m2 at the magnetotail PSBL. The strong current appears during crossing the PSBL and is primarily contributed by the perpendicular electron currents. Cooperating with an intense fluctuating electric field (reaching ∼40 mV/m) carried by the lower‐hybrid drift waves, this dawn‐dusk current leads to a strong energy conversion with a magnitude larger than 3 nW/m3. This study enhances the understanding of local energy‐conversion processes at the PSBL.
Polarization and m $m$‐Number Characteristics of Mid‐Latitude Pc5 ULF Waves Observed by SuperDARN Radars
Authors: Morita K. , Ponomarenko P. , Nishitani N. , Hori T. , Shepherd S. G. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPolarization and propagation characteristics of ultra‐low frequency (ULF, mHz) waves are conventionally studied using arrays of ground‐based magnetometers. However, the ground magnetometer observations are subject to distortions due to polarization rotation and spatial integration effects caused by the transition of the magnetohydrodynamic wave into an electromagnetic wave at the lower ionospheric boundary. In contrast, high‐frequency (3–30 MHz) radars, like those comprising the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN), are capable of direct observations of the ULF wave characteristics at ionospheric altitudes via measuring plasma drift velocity variations caused by the wave's electric field. In this work, we use multi‐beam data from SuperDARN Hokkaido East, Hokkaido West, and Christmas Valley West radars to identify the dominant polarization modes as well as azimuthal wave numbers of evening‐night‐side‐morning ULF waves in the Pc5 frequency band (1.67–6.67 mHz) propagating over sub‐auroral and mid‐latitude regions. The observed statistical characteristics of these waves point at the solar wind dynamic pressure variations and Kelvin‐Helmholtz instability at the magnetopause as their potential principal sources, although the drift‐bounce resonance with trapped energetic ions may contribute to the small‐scale part of the observed Pc5 wave population.
Understanding Terrestrial Water and Carbon Cycles and Their Interactions Using Integrated SMAP Soil Moisture and OCO‐2 SIF Observations and Land Surface Models
Authors: Cao Zhijiong , Xue Yongkang , Nayak Hara Prasad , Lettenmaier Dennis P. , Frankenberg Christian , Köhler Philipp , Li Ziwei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRecently, more advanced synchronous global‐scale satellite observations, the Soil Moisture Active Passive enhanced Level 3 (SMAP L3) soil moisture product and the Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 (OCO‐2) solar‐induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) product, provide an opportunity to improve the predictive understanding of both water and carbon cycles in land surface modeling. The Simplified Simple Biosphere Model version 4 (SSiB4) was coupled with the Top‐down Representation of Interactive Foliage and Flora Including Dynamics Model (TRIFFID) and a mechanistic representation of SIF. Incorporating dynamic vegetation processes reduced global SIF root‐mean‐squared error (RMSE) by 12%. Offline experiments were conducted to understand the water and carbon cycles and their interactions using satellite data as constraints. Results indicate that soil hydraulic properties, the soil hydraulic conductivity at saturation (Ks) and the water retention curve, significantly impact soil moisture and SIF simulation, especially in the semi‐arid regions. The wilting point and maximum Rubisco carboxylation rate (Vmax) affect photosynthesis and transpiration, then soil moisture. However, without atmospheric feedback processes, their effects on soil moisture are undermined due to the compensation between soil evaporation and transpiration. With optimized parameters based on SMAP L3 and OCO‐2 data, the global RMSE of soil moisture and SIF simulations decreased by 15% and 12%, respectively. These findings highlight the importance of integrating advanced satellite data and dynamic vegetation processes to improve land surface models, enhancing understanding of terrestrial water and carbon cycles.
Benford's Law as Debris Flow Detector in Seismic Signals
Authors: Zhou Qi , Tang Hui , Turowski Jens M. , Braun Jean , Dietze Michael , Walter Fabian , Yang Ci‐Jian , Lagarde Sophie 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSeismic instruments placed outside of spatially extensive hazard zones can be used to rapidly sense a range of mass movements. However, it remains challenging to automatically detect specific events of interest. Benford's law, which states that the first non‐zero digit of given data sets follows a specific probability distribution, can provide a computationally cheap approach to identifying anomalies in large data sets and potentially be used for event detection. Here, we select vertical component seismograms to derive the first digit distribution. The seismic signals generated by debris flows follow Benford's law, while those generated by ambient noise do not. We propose the physical and mathematical explanations for the occurrence of Benford's law in debris flows. Our finding of limited seismic data from landslides, lahars, bedload transports, and glacial lake outburst floods indicates that these events may follow Benford's Law, whereas rockfalls do not. Focusing on debris flows in the Illgraben, Switzerland, our Benford's law‐based detector is comparable to an existing random forest model that was trained on 70 features and six seismic stations. Achieving a similar result based on Benford's law requires only 12 features and single station data. We suggest that Benford's law is a computationally cheap, novel technique that offers an alternative for event recognition and potentially for real‐time warnings.
Exploring changes in social spider DNA methylation profiles in all cytosine contexts following infection
Authors: Fisher David N. , Bechsgaard Jesper , Bilde Trine 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLiving at high density and with low genetic diversity are factors that should both increase the susceptibility of organisms to disease. Therefore, group living organisms, especially those that are inbred, should be especially vulnerable to infection and therefore have particular strategies to cope with infection. Phenotypic plasticity, underpinned by epigenetic changes, could allow group living organisms to rapidly respond to infection challenges. To explore the potential role of epigenetic modifications in the immune response to a group-living species with low genetic diversity, we compared the genome-wide DNA methylation profiles of five colonies of social spiders (Stegodyphus dumicola) in their natural habitat in Namibia at the point just before they succumbed to infection to a point at least six months previously where they were presumably healthier. We found increases in genome- and chromosome-wide methylation levels in the CpG, CHG, and CHH contexts, although the genome-wide changes were not clearly different from zero. These changes were most prominent in the CHG context, especially at a narrow region of chromosome 13, hinting at an as-of-yet unsuspected role of this DNA methylation context in phenotypic plasticity. However, there were few clear patterns of differential methylation at the base level, and genes with a known immune function in spiders had mean methylation changes close to zero. Our results suggest that DNA methylation may change with infection at large genomic scales, but that this type of epigenetic change is not necessarily integral to the immune response of social spiders.
Tetrandrine ameliorated atherosclerosis in vitamin D3/high cholesterol diet-challenged rats via modulation of miR-34a and Wnt5a/Ror2/ABCA1/NF-kB trajectory
Authors: El Zouka Yasmin , Sheta Eman , Abdelrazek Salama Mona , Selima Eman , Refaat Rowaida , Salaheldin Abdelhamid Ibrahim Sherihan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAtherosclerosis (AS) is a major cause of cardiovascular diseases that may lead to mortality. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of tetrandrine in high cholesterol diet (HCD)-induced atherosclerosis, in rats, via modulation of miR-34a, as well as, Wnt5a/Ror2/ABCA1/NF-κB pathway and to compare its efficacy with atorvastatin. Induction of AS, in male rats, was done via IP administration of vitamin D3 (70 U/Kg for 3 days) together with HCD. At the end of the 9th week, rats were treated with atorvastatin at a dose of 20 mg/kg, and tetrandrine at different doses of (18.75, and 31.25 mg/kg) for 22 days. Serum inflammatory cytokines and lipid profile, liver oxidative stress parameters, and aortic tissue Wnt5a, Ror2, ABCA1, NF-κB, miR-34a levels were assessed in all experimental groups. Histopathological and Immunohistochemical assessments of aortic tissue sections were done. Results showed that tetrandrine treatment reverted the inflammatory and oxidative stress state together with reducing the serum lipids via modulating miR-34a, and Wnt5a/Ror2/ABCA1/NF-κB pathway. Moreover, it reverted the histopathological abnormalities observed in AS rats. Tetrandrine beneficial effects, in both doses, were comparable to that of atorvastatin, in most of the discussed parameters. These findings praise tetrandrine as a promising agent for management of atherosclerosis.