bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring Strategies That Influence Children’s Physical Activity Self-Efficacy
Authors: Efrat Merav W. 
Published: April 2017

Insufficient physical activity during the elementary school years has been associated with a number of health problems (Strong et al., 2006). During the school day, the recess period provides the greatest opportunity for children to engage in physical activity (Robert Wood Johnson, 2007). Nonetheless, most children spend the majority of their recess time in active. One strategy for increased physical activity during recess is to develop related interventions that reinforce physical activity from the school itself. While some research studies have identified modifiable factors, research suggests that a greater level of physical activity self-efficacy is the strongest predictor of increased physical activity among elementary-aged children (Coakley, & White, 1992; Mulvihill, Rivers, & Aggleton, 2000; Trost, Pate, Saunders, Ward, Dowda, & Felton, 1997; Trost, 1999; Zakarian et al., 1994). Research suggests that strong influences on this age group include a teacher’s encouragement and competent adult modeling (Chase 1995, Lirgg & Feltz, 1991; Trost et al. 2003). The purpose of this study is to compare whether a teacher’s encouragement alone and modeling by a competent adult alone influence children’s recess time physical activity self-efficacy. In our study, this construct is measured through barrier self-efficacy (adult encouragement and other) and task self-efficacy (light, moderate, and vigorous). One hundred sixty-one students were assigned randomly to one of three groups: 1) modeling 2) encouragement, and 3) comparison. We collected pretreatment and posttreatment self-efficacy data as well. There was no significant interaction between the treatment and gender on self-efficacy. However, there was a significant main effect detected for treatment on adult encouragement barrier self-efficacy. Findings suggest that when teachers encourage children to be active, they may internalize the encouragement and become less dependent on external sources of encouragement to motivate them to be active during recess.
The Flipped Classroom: Implementing Technology To Aid In College Mathematics Student’s Success
Authors: Buch George R. , Warren Carryn B. 
Published: April 2017

August 2016 there was a call (Braun, Bremser, Duval, Lockwood & White, 2017) for post-secondary instructors to use active learning in their classrooms. Once such example of active learning is what is called the “flipped” classroom. This paper presents the need for, and the methodology of the flipped classroom, results of questionnaires on student perceptions, as well as quantitative data on student performance.
Performance Of South African Automotive Exports Under The African Growth And Opportunity Act From 2001 To 2015
Authors: Lamprecht Norman , Tolmay Aletta Sophia 
Published: April 2017

The South African automotive industry is faced with the challenge of how to expand through exports in a saturated global automotive market, characterized by overcapacity. The vision of the South African automotive industry is to double its vehicle production to one million units per annum by 2020. However, domestic market limitations impede the ability to achieve sufficient economies of scale. Trade arrangements contribute towards increasing market access. The impact of the AGOA on automotive trade between the United States of America and South Africa was analyzed. It was found that the AGOA resulted in a substantial increase in two-way trade. Further research is encouraged with regard to the potential of regional integration in Africa for automotive exports from South African and the USA.
Last Clear Chance: A Defense To A Defense
Authors: Neil Ben 
Published: April 2017

This case problem will provide the student with the familiarity that they will need for the concepts of contributory negligence and last clear chance. It should also be noted that the concept of last clear chance is on the wane as a legal maxim. It is applicable in states that still use the legal defense of contributory negligence. Whereas in other states, which constitute the majority, the courts apply the concept of comparative negligence, which apportions the monetary damages given by the fact finder. There may be other considerations depending upon the country of the legal action, as this case study is based solely on United States laws.
The Impact Of Organizational Factors On Implementation Outcomes Of Lean Manufacturing
Authors: Bayat Homayoun , Dadashzadeh Mohammadq 
Published: April 2017

Critical success factors for successful implementation outcomes of lean manufacturing remain an important area of research. This paper examines the correlation between organizational factors, organizational structure, and job design with implementation outcomes of lean manufacturing that impact quality, waste, and delivery. The effect of three moderating factors, the length of time that lean manufacturing has been implemented, the company’s size, and the type of manufacturing, on the relationship between organizational factors and implementation outcomes of lean manufacturing is also studied. The results of this research study indicate that except for the lack of a relationship between level of formalization with waste and delivery outcomes, there are significant positive correlations between organizational factors and implementation outcomes of lean manufacturing. The results also indicate that the moderating factors do affect the relationship between independent and dependent variables.
Metode Tarjih dalam Kajian Hadis
Authors: Atabik Ahmad 
Published: April 2017

Artikel ini menjelaskan tentang metode <em>tarjih</em> dalam hadis Nabi. <em>Tarjih</em> dilakukan apabila terdapat beberapa nash yang saling bertentangan <em>(ta’arudl).</em> <em>Ta’arudl</em> dapat terjadi diantara nash-nash (ayat ataupun hadis), atau antara qiyas dengan qiyas. Melakukan <em>tarjih</em> pada hadis berarti melakukan pengunggulan kepada sesuatu yang disandarkan kepada Rasulillah Saw. pen<em>tarjih</em>an bisa dilakukan dengan berbagai cara (metode). Cara-cara tersebut tergantung pada kajian dan ijtihad para mujtahid. Pada dasarnya, banyak cara untuk men<em>tarjih</em> suatu hadis yang nampak bertentangan. Namun, artikel ini hanya membatasi pada empat hal yang berkaitan dengan unsur-unsur hadis, yaitu: Pertama, <em>tarjih</em> dari segi sanad dan rawi; kedua, <em>tarjih</em> dari segi matan; ketiga, <em>tarjih</em> dari segi hukum atau kandungan hukum (madlul); keempat, <em>tarjih</em> dengan menggunakan faktor (dalil) lain di luar nash
Impacto económico y sanitario del control prenatal en embarazadas afiliadas al régimen subsidiado en Colombia durante 2014
Authors: Gomez de la Rosa Fernando , Marrugo-Arnedo Carlos Alberto , Florez-Tanus Álvaro , López-Pájaro Keity , Mazenett-Granados Enrique , Orozco-Africano Julio , Alvis-Guzmán Nelson 
Published: April 2017

Objetivo. Analizar el impacto sanitario y económico del control prenatal (CPN) en mujeres de hogares pobres. Material y métodos. Se tomó una muestra aleatoria de 9 244 mujeres embarazadas (población= 25 000). Se estimó la incidencia de mortalidad materna, los costos directos de atención y la diferencia de medias y proporciones. Los costos fueron estimados en dólares americanos (USD) de 2014, con perspectiva del tercer pagador. Resultados. El 75%de las mujeres viven en zonas urbanas. La media de edad fue de 23 años (IC95%: 23.5-23.8). El 87.5% asistió al menos a una cita de CPN. El costo medio de partos con CPN fue de USD$ 609.1 (IC95%: 581-632.7). Sin CPN fue de USD $857.8 (IC95%: 774.7-923.8). Los costos se incrementan 32% (IC95% 27.1-41) sin CPN. Conclusión. El CPN es una intervención eficiente y efectiva para la gestión del riesgo de la salud materna.
Mitigation of Mineral Scale Deposition in Well-Bore and Flow Lines with Eco Friendly and Less Aggressive Chemical
Authors: Siddiqui M. A. , Al-Othman M. R. , Al-Houti N. B. , Aloun S. , Al-Matar B. S. , Stanitzek T. , Wolf C. de , Iwenjora G. N. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
With the onset of water production, mineral scale deposition appears in the oil and gas wells. The scale deposition in wellbores and flow lines is a universal challenge that has to be addressed with technical and economical effectiveness. Efforts are ongoing to effectively inhibit the scales or remove them through chemical or mechanical means.
Kuwait Oil Company is planning to improve the production to 4.0 MM BOPD by the year 2020. In this pursuit, all the possible efforts are made to increase production including application of new technology in drilling, completion, well production and facilities. One of the key aspects of production improvement from individual wells is to avoid any obstruction in the wellbore, wellhead and flow lines that might affect the smooth flow of hydrocarbons. This includes the augmented steps on eliminating mineral deposition from wellbore and flow lines.
The wells are suffering from frequent scale deposition in wellbore and flow lines. Usually these problems are mitigated by using strong acid. However, due to maturing of field the wells are generally completed with ESPs. When acids like HCl are used, these ESPs are corroded severely adding extra cost of workover and production loss. This challenge is driving the operators to use less aggressive chemicals that remain environmentally friendly and can maintain the integrity of submersible pumps, metallurgy of the flow lines and other components.
To meet this challenge, various chemicals were evaluated through laboratory tests and case histories. The chemical composed of Glutamic acid was selected for the first pilot. The pieces of tubular and other well components suffering from scale deposition were tested in the lab and the results were found to be highly encouraging. Based on this a pilot campaign was initiated with a batch of eight wells to treat wellbore and flow lines. All the treatments were found highly successful. Due to this treatment, the daily production has been improved to 5,000 BOPD without any extra activity such as replacement of ESP or flow line tubing due to corrosion.
The paper presents the technology evaluation process, lab testing and field trial results.
Non-Steady Well-Testing Interpretation Model and Analytical Solution for Circularly Partially Penetrating Wells
Authors: Libing Fu , Zifei Fan , Qingying Hou , Jun Ni , Lun Zhao 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The effect of bottom-hole pressure and formation pressure due to a partially penetrating well (PPW) is different from that for an open hole well. In order to analyze the effect of imperfection on pressure response type curves, this paper presents a 3D symmetry porous flow model for circularly partially penetrating wells. Laplace transform and Fourier transform and Bessel functions are applied to obtain the analytical solution of the model. The pressure response and pressure distribution are obtained and the influence on flow regime surrounding the well and pressure response caused by partial penetration are analyzed. Research results show that when the imperfect area tends to zero, the solution of the model can be reduced to the traditional model of the perfect wells presented by Theis, demonstrating the correctness of the solution. The early-time pressure is significantly lower than the case of complete well. The pressure difference between a partially penetrating well and a completely penetrating well decreases with time increasing. Without considering the variation of spatial distribution of flow field due to imperfect well it may bring about errors of formation parameters calculated by perfect well model. Those conclusions improve the seepage model and provide theoretical guidance for the transient pressure data interpretation, formation parameters calculation and productivity prediction of partially penetrating wells. The presented research content furthers the theory of well test analysis, and builds theoretical foundation for the technologies of well testing interpretation and reservoir numerical simulation.
Next-Generation Displacement Fluids for Enhanced Oil Recovery
Authors: Yegin Cengiz , Singh B. P. , Zhang Ming , Biopharm Frontida , Balaji Karthik , Suhag Anuj , Ranjith Rahul , Peksaglam Zumra , Wijaya Zein , Putra Dike , Anggraini Henny , Temizel Cenk 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Multiple analysis has indicated that over 50% of the oil production in the next 20-25 years is going to be produced through enhanced recovery procedures including polymer flooding. The heuristics for polymer flooding says that it is feasible to apply polymer flooding in reservoirs having oil viscosities in the range of 10 to 150 mPa.s. The main factor limiting this heuristic limit for polymer floods is that the injected water viscosity required for higher mobility ratio leads to pumping inefficiencies and low polymer injectivity rates. In this paper, we suggest a supramolecule based on the complexation of a long-chain amino-amide and maleic acid which can adjust its viscosity values reversibly to overcome the heuristic problem related to polymer floods.
The concept is fundamentally based on the fact the supramolecule system which is injected in the reservoir will initially be maintained at a low viscosity and on application of external pH stimuli will increase in viscosity values prior to contact with oil. Our laboratory studies indicate that such a system is also tolerant to high temperatures and salinities
Popular polymer systems used floe EOR purposes on experiencing extreme shear stresses and temperature break-up and degrade, however the supramolecule system dissemble and reassemble making the supramolecular system "healable" in a manner. The supramolecular systems can also adapt to confining environments, for example, on flow through narrow channels, the supramolecules undergo molecular scission.
The supramolecules proposed could be used for viscous oil in thin oil sand zones, permafrost and other environmentally constraining systems. This paper primarily focusses, on the development and properties of a novel supramolecular system which has adjustable viscosities and interfacial properties and can be resistant to high temperatures and salinities. This Supramolecular system can significantly improve the feasibility and cost-effectiveness of a polymer flood process and can be utilized universally.
Technical and Economic Evaluation of EOR Technology in Low-Oil-Price Period a New Polymerflooding Case Study From China
Authors: Wu Xingcai , Zhang Jichang , Liang Wuquan , Xu Hanbing , Wang Qiang , Xiong Chunming , Ren Tieying , Zhang Liang , Bai Baojun , Ye Yinzhu , Tian Xiaoyan 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
It is generally thought that EOR technology costs much, so the budget for EOR in low oil price period is inhibited. For further recogonize the issue, the paper conducted a follow-up technical and economic evaluation for a EOR project of high water cut mature oil field.
LHSC is a multiple layer high pour point reservoir with severe uneven sweeping problem. The water cut is up to 95.3%. The new polymerflooding (NPF) application area is composed of 10 injection wells and 21 production wells. The injection anount was designed as 0.3 PV, and it was composed of the main slug of a novel paticle type polymer SMG and the pre slug of volume swellable particle PPG carried by polymer weak gel. During the injection process, the slug parameteres such as SMG diameter were adjusted. The numerical simulation model and economic analysis model were built up. The technical and economical competency of the project evaluated under different oil price.
From December 21, 2010 to December 31, 2016, the total EOR slug injection amount was 0.29 PV. Among the 21 producers, 19 producers obtained good effect of oil rate increase and water cut decrease. The daily oil rate was increased from 27.0 t to 58.5 t for the highest, and the water cut was decreased from 95.3% to 91.1%. The cumulative oil incremental was 3.2×104t. Numerical simulation results showed that by the end of the project, the cumulative oil incremental would be 4.35×104t, and the recovery incremental would be 4.9%. Based on the actual oil selling price of each year, the input to output ratio was calculated as 1:3.1, and the EOR cost of one barrel oil produced was 21.5 USD, while the cost of one barrel oil produced in waterflooding is 52.1 USD. Under 30 USD/bbl oil price, the input to output ratio is 1:1.4. The results show that the NPF project has good technical and economic effect, and even under extreme low oil price, it still has economic feasibility.
For the developed mature oil fields, the geological and development recognition is certain, and there are complete facility contruction. Under low oil price condition, it is obviously more economical to use novel efficient EOR technologies.The opinion of the paper may provide some reference for oil companies to make investment decision in low oil price period.
Successful Matrix Acidization Using Organic Acid System for Sandstone Reservoir of Western Onshore Fields of India: A Case Study
Authors: Shah Sohil , Singh S. K. , Bahuguna V. K. , Rajendra K. W. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
This paper aims to present the use of organic acid system for matrix acidization. When multiple minerals are present, they can create more formation damage and pose a challenge for acid treatments. In such cases, the paper proposes how a successful treatment can be designed.
Frequent acidizing operations are carried out in western onshore field of Oil and Natural Gas Commission (ONGC). It was observed that some wells were not responding effectively. To get more effective stimulation activities, a methodology was developed, under whichthe first step was to obtain the data related to well details and lithology, and second step was to obtain quantitative mineralogical data using (XRD).
Based on the above methodology it was found that the formation contained large amount of chlorite and other minerals, and that high concentration of HCl can create irreversible damage to this. To avoid this potential damage by HCl preflush, it was proposed to use organic acid preflush instead. Organic acid was proposed because of slow reaction rate, better result in presence of high iron content, better application in high bottom hole temperature etc compared to HCl. Organic acid, and HF were used as mainflush followed by overflush. This organic acid system was used in water injector well of the same formation.
Well head pressure and pumping rate data was recorded for well A and using that matrix acidization evaluation techniques were applied to the wells to quantitatively analyze the effectiveness of stimulation treatment. The same acid system was used for well B and a positive result was observed. Effectiveness of this result, of well A, was compared with previous operations where organic acid was not used. Same procedure of treatment evaluation was carried out and reduction in skin factor was calculated.
Delineating Complex Channel Sands Distribution Alongside Volcanic Flows with Spectral Decomposition Attribute Analysis: Saraswati Field, Barmer Basin
Authors: Rao Kola Venkateswara , Wahengbam Dhanachandra , Bhatnagar Anil Kumar 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Saraswati oil field is located in the central part of Barmer basin in Rajasthan, India. Primary reservoirs are within Barmer Hill Formation, deposited in a fluvial environment overlying the Fatehgarh formation. The Fatehgarh formation also includes sediments deposited in a fluvial environment, but there are also episodes of volcanic flows which were deposited in between the fluvial deposits. Volcanic flows in the upper part of the Fatehgarh mask the seismic reflections of the overlying basal Barmer Hill (BH) deposits. In this paper, we describe the methodology of effective integration of spectral decomposition attributes and seismic attributes to establish sand fairways of the Barmer Hill formation. The main objective of this study was to characterize the thin channel sands within the BH formation. Spectral decomposition technique was applied for characterizing thin bed reservoirs of the Upper BH section.. A combination of spectral decomposition and seismic attribute studies were conducted to distinguish and delineate the Lower BH sands from underlying Fatehgarh volcanics. The results from both these seismic studies were integrated with well and reservoir data to establish lateral distribution of sand fairways and their morphologies within the BH formation.
Unconventional Installation of Insert PCP
Authors: Kumar Prakash , Bohra Avinash , Tiwari Shobhit 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The paper discusses a case study of unconventional installation of an Insert Progressive Cavity Pump (IPCP) in a well with 4-1/2" production tubing without a Pump Seating Nipple (PSN) in place. The installation was unique application as no flexisert anchor was available for 4-1/2" tubing size which are commercially available for 2-7/8" and 3-1/2" tubing sizes. This unique installation while producing slightly lower than conventional PCP was the first of its kind, fit for purpose and helped in reviving a well without conducting a costly workover for changing out the PCP. This installation further opened an avenue for successful intervention for many other wells completed with conventional PCP without a PSN, and helped in saving a workover each time.
Another innovative solution to delay workover was implemented in the field in which a PSN for I-PCP was installed during the intial completion itself in anticipation of tubing integral PCP stator failure before the tubing failure necessitating a full workover.
Propane Fracturing: A Waterless Approach, Safety Considerations and Its Prospects in India
Authors: Kumar Nitesh , Rajput Saunil , Gautham K. G. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The hydraulic fracturing industry is a fast-growing industry but the conventional hydraulic fracturing technique uses a large amount of water and a lot of harmful chemicals in order to extract more hydrocarbons from the formation which give rise to a large number of problems. Canadabased GasFrac Energy developed an innovative alternative to hydraulic fracturing which utilizes propane based gel or gelled LPG as a fracturing fluid to fracture the formation. Propane is a very clean fluid, ecofriendly and can be recovered almost 100% after the fracturing process is completed.
As compared to conventional hydraulic fracturing technique, LPG fracturing provides a better fracturing length. A precursor to the poor fracturing performance is poor recovery of the fracturing fluid, often less than 50% of the fracturing fluid is recovered. This unrecovered fluid occupies the pore spaces of the reservoir matrix and becomes immobile resulting in blocking the passage for hydrocarbons. Therefore, the recovery of hydrocarbons by conventional hydraulic fracturing job is much less than that of propane fracturing, where the recovery of fracturing fluid is almost 100%.
This paper will discuss about various aspects of Propane Fracturing, safety aspects during field application of this technology and its prospects in a country like India which is trying to revive its oil and gas production and has a huge potential hydrocarbon reserves including much of it's reserves still unexplored.