bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐capacity protein A affinity chromatography for the fast quantification of antibodies: Two‐wavelength detection expands linear range
Authors: Satzer Peter , Jungbauer Alois 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe high‐throughput analysis of antibodies from processes can be enhanced when the linear range is expanded and sample preparation is kept to a minimum. We developed a fast chromatography method based on a hexameric variant of staphylococcal protein A immobilized on Toyopearl matrix, TSK 5 PW using two wavelengths. A protocol with 5 min runtime and a single‐wavelength detection at 280 nm yielded an upper limit of quantification of 2.10 mg/mL and a lower limit of quantification of 0.06 mg/mL. The optimized method with a runtime of 2 min and two‐wavelength detection at 280 and 300 nm allowed us to span a valid concentration range of 0.01–5.20 mg/mL using two calibration curves. Sample selectivity was tested using mock supernatant mixed with antibody concentrations of 0.1–2.1 mg/mL, sample stability in the autosampler was shown for at least 24 h. We also tested the capabilities of the method to determine purity of an antibody sample by calculating the ratio of peak area of elution to peak area of flow‐through, which correlated well with the expected purity. The method will be very useful for process development and in‐process control, spanning concentrations from seed fermentation to harvest and purification.
Transcranial Ultrasonographic Image Analysis System for Decision Support in Parkinson Disease
Authors: Sakalauskas Andrius , Špečkauskienė Vita , Laučkaitė Kristina , Jurkonis Rytis , Rastenytė Daiva , Lukoševičius Arūnas 
Published: January 2018

ObjectivesTranscranial ultrasonography (US) is a relatively new neuroimaging modality proposed for early diagnostics of Parkinson disease (PD). The main limitation of transcranial US image‐based diagnostics is a high degree of subjectivity caused by low quality of the transcranial images. The article presents a developed image analysis system and evaluates the potential of automated image analysis on transcranial US.MethodsThe system consists of algorithms for the segmentation and assessment of informative brain regions (midbrain and substantia nigra) and a decision support subsystem, which is equipped with 64 classification algorithms. Transcranial US images of 191 participants (118 patients with a clinical PD diagnosis and 73 healthy control participants) were analyzed.ResultsThe diagnostic sensitivity and specificity achieved by the proposed system were 85% and 75%, respectively.ConclusionsDigital transcranial US image analysis is challenging, and the application of a such system as the sole instrument for decisions in clinical practice remains inconclusive. However, the proposed system could be used as a supplementary tool for automated assessment of US parameters for decision support in PD diagnostics and to reduce observer variability.
Clinical value of 4‐hour delayed gadolinium‐Enhanced 3D FLAIR MR Images in Acute Vestibular Neuritis
Authors: Byun Hayoung , Chung Jae Ho , Lee Seung Hwan , Park Chul Won , Park Dong Woo , Kim Tae Yoon 
Published: January 2018

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical significance of 4‐hour delayed‐enhanced 3.0 Tesla three‐dimensional (3D) fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in acute vestibular neuritis.Study DesignA prospective observational study.MethodsTwenty‐nine vestibular neuritis patients were enrolled between January 2017 and June 2017. Vestibular function tests, comprising the caloric and video head impulse tests and vestibular‐evoked myogenic potential measurements, were performed. Precontrast, 10‐minute, and 4‐hour delayed‐enhanced 3D‐FLAIR MR images using double‐dose IV gadolinium were obtained. After laterality and extent of inner ear enhancement were defined, the patients were divided into groups based on the patterns of enhancement, and clinical parameters were analyzed according to the groups.ResultsTwenty patients (20 of 29, 69.0%) had obviously asymmetric enhancement of the affected inner ear structures on 4‐hour delayed images, whereas only three patients (10.3%) had marked enhancement on 10‐minute delayed images. The duration of spontaneous nystagmus (DurSN) was significantly longer in the patients with enhancement, especially with enhancement of the whole inner ear, including the vestibule and semicircular canals (P < 0.033). Spontaneous nystagmus resolved within 12 days in patients without laterality of enhancement, and within 16 days in ipsilesional enhancement confined to the inner auditory canal and fundus. Other results of vestibular function tests did not reveal any significant associations with MR enhancement.ConclusionsContrast enhancement of the vestibular nerve and inner ear structures can be identified on 4‐hour delayed‐enhanced 3T 3D‐FLAIR MR images in acute vestibular neuritis. The extent of inner ear enhancement may be associated with the DurSN.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 1946–1951, 2018
Safety of high‐current stimulation for intermittent intraoperative neural monitoring in thyroid surgery: A porcine model
Authors: Lu I‐Cheng , Chang Pi‐Ying , Randolph Gregory W. , Chen Hsiu‐Ya , Tseng Kuang‐Yi , Lin Yi‐Chu , Chiang Feng‐Yu , Wu Che‐Wei 
Published: January 2018

ObjectivesDuring monitored thyroidectomy, displacement of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) or vagus nerve (VN) in some complicated cases can increase the risk of injury. Although increasing the stimulus current can facilitate nerve mapping and localization, the safety of a high‐current stimulus remains unknown. Therefore, this study evaluated the safety of a high‐current stimulus in a porcine model.MethodsShort‐duration (1 minute), high‐current (3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 mA at 4Hz) stimulus pulses were repeatedly applied to the RLN or VN in six anesthetized piglets. The safety of the high‐current stimulus pulses was assessed in terms of hemodynamic stability during VN stimulation and in terms of nerve function integrity after VN and RLN stimulation.ResultsDuring VN stimulation with a high‐current stimulus pulse, sinus rhythms in all six piglets showed stable heart rates, and mean arterial pressure was unaffected. High‐current stimulation of the VN and the RLN did not affect electromyography amplitude or latency.ConclusionThis porcine study showed that applying a short‐duration, high‐current stimulus pulse to the VN or RLN during monitored thyroidectomy has no harmful effects. In clinical practice, a short duration of high‐current stimulus can be applied to facilitate neural mapping, especially in patients with disoriented nerve positions.Level of EvidenceNA. Laryngoscope, 128:2206–2212, 2018
Hyoepiglottic ligament collagen and elastin fiber composition and changes associated with aging
Authors: Irvine Leslie E. , Yang Zhi , Kezirian Eric J. , Nimni Marcel E. , Han Bo 
Published: January 2018

ObjectiveThe epiglottis may contribute to upper airway obstruction in approximately 10% of patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Clinical experience indicates that older patients may be more likely to have epiglottis‐related obstruction. This study was designed to examine tissue characteristics of the hyoepiglottic ligament as a possible factor in epiglottis‐related obstruction based on previous research suggesting that older adults have fewer collagen, elastin, and muscle fibers in the hyoepiglottic ligament.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional study of 25 human cadaver hyoepiglottic ligaments. Specimens were stained using Masson's trichrome and Picrosirius red for collagen fibers and with Verhoeff‐Van Gieson for elastin fibers. Percentage of collagen and elastin fiber staining for each specimen was calculated and averaged over three regions of each ligament section. Regression analysis was used to determine the association between age, smoking history, and collagen and elastin composition of the hyoepiglottic ligament.ResultsThe average age of the specimens was 68.4 ± 15.1 years (range 30–90 years). Increasing age was associated with a lower percentage of collagen and elastin fibers. When accounting for tobacco use, each 1‐year increase in age was associated with a 0.53% decrease in Masson's trichrome staining (P = 0.004), a 0.35% decrease in Picrosirius red staining (P = 0.023), and a 0.33% decrease in Verhoeff‐Van Gieson staining (P = 0.008).ConclusionIncreasing age is associated with decreases in the collagen and elastin content of the hyoepiglottic ligament.Level of EvidenceNA. Laryngoscope, 128:1245–1248, 2018
3D Micro‐Printing: A new Era for Med‐Tech Applications
Authors: Steimle Alexander 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn recent years, 3D printing has attracted increasing attention in many industries. From bioprinting of living organs to engine and airplane components, a variety of 3D printing techniques are already in use today, mainly differentiated by the additive or sub‐tractive manufacturing approach. But what's the application potentiality in the med‐tech industry with regards to 3D printing at micro‐scale? And how innovative three‐dimensional thinking can tackle human diseases such as the retinal vein occlusion (RVO) and create transformative products?
Design and Function for Freeform Surfaces
Authors: Mescheder Holger , Hermens Ulrike 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAnyone who has ever tried to gift‐wrap a ball elegantly will be familiar with the problem: It is not easy to wrap a two‐dimensional structure around a three‐dimensional object without ending up with numerous folds and kinks. The Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology IPT in Aachen is currently developing a software module which will be capable of transferring functional structures to complex shapes.
Phase Stabilized α‐CsPbI3 Perovskite Nanocrystals for Photodiode Applications
Authors: Sim Kyu Min , Swarnkar Abhishek , Nag Angshuman , Chung Dae Sung 
Published: January 2018

AbstractHigh‐performance and high‐reliability photodiodes are demonstrated by using α‐CsPbI3 perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) phase‐stabilized with a low‐temperature solution‐treated active layer. In addition to the high charge mobility, the high absorption coefficient, and IR‐blind characteristics of the perovskite material, the defect‐tolerant nature of α‐CsPbI3 perovskite NCs are combined to realize hysteresis‐free and high detectivity photodiodes. To further minimize interface defects originating from multi‐layer photodiode construction, a poly(3‐hexylthiophene) layer is strategically introduced as a passivation and electron blocking layer, resulting in a low diode ideality factor of 1.5 and a noise equivalent power of 1.6 × 10−13 W Hz−0.5. As a result, high detectivity of 1.8 × 1012 Jones is demonstrated with near‐zero hysteresis. Furthermore, the optimized photodiode exhibits excellent stability under high humidity conditions owing to the intrinsic nature of the defect‐tolerant α‐CsPbI3 perovskite NCs.
A split‐body study evaluating the efficacy of a conformable surface cryolipolysis applicator for the treatment of male pseudogynecomastia
Authors: Jones Isabela T. , Vanaman Wilson Monique J. , Guiha Isabella , Wu Douglas C. , Goldman Mitchel P. 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundCryolipolysis is a non‐invasive method of body shaping that has been used for male pseudogynecomastia. However, traditional vacuum suction cryolipolysis requires a minimum pinchable fat layer which may not always be present in this area.ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of a conformable surface cryolipolysis applicator for the reduction of male pseudogynecomastia.Materials and MethodsTen male subjects with pseudogynecomastia received two cycles of cryolipolysis to the breast 6 weeks apart. Ultrasound was used to measure the thickness of adipose tissue.ResultsSeven of 10 patients completed the study. Compared to baseline, the mean ± SD change in adipose tissue thickness was 8.12 ± 6.94 mm for the treated versus 1.03 ± 6.03 mm for the control breast at week 6 (p = 0.014), and 8.71 ± 7.04 mm for the treated vs. 2.66 ± 7.04 mm for the control breast at week 12 (P = 0.16). Four (4) of seven (57%) patients were at least slightly satisfied with the treated breast, and although subject satisfaction was higher in the treated breast, this did not reach significance (0.085). Adverse events were mild and transient.ConclusionA conformable surface cryolipolysis applicator was effective in reducing the mean adipose tissue thickness in subjects with male pseudogynecomastia. Lasers Surg. Med. 50:608–612, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of low‐level laser therapy on the healing of sites grafted with coagulum, deproteinized bovine bone, and biphasic ceramic made of hydroxyapatite and β‐tricalcium phosphate. In vivo study in rats
Authors: de Oliveira Guilherme J.P.L. , Aroni Maurício A.T. , Medeiros Marcell C. , Marcantonio Elcio , Marcantonio Rosemary A.C. 
Published: January 2018

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) on the healing of biomaterial graft areas (i.e., coagulum, deproteinized bovine bone, and biphasic ceramics comprising hydroxyapatite and β‐tricalcium phosphate).Material and MethodsNinety rats were divided into two groups according to laser irradiation use (λ 808 nm, 100 mW, φ ∼600 μm, seven sessions with 28 J of irradiation dose in total): a laser group and a control group. Each of these groups was divided into three subgroups of 15 animals each according to the type of biomaterial used: Coagulum (COA), deproteinized bovine bone (DBB), and hydroxyapatite/β‐tricalcium phosphate (HA/βTCP). Biomaterials were inserted into Teflon domes, and these domes were grafted to the lateral aspect of the mandibular branch of the rats. The animals were sacrificed after 30, 60, and 90 days. Scarring patterns were evaluated by microtomography and histometry. The expression levels of BMP2, osteocalcin (OCN), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The mRNA expression levels of ALP, BMP2, Jagged1, Osterix, Runx2, and TGFβ1 were determined by RT‐qPCR.ResultsThe animals treated with LLLT exhibited increased mineralized tissues and bone, particularly after 90 days. These increases were associated with increased BMP2, OCN, and ALP protein expression and ALP, BMP2, and Jagged1 mRNA expression.ConclusionLLLT improved the osteoconductive potential of DBB and HA/βTCP grafts and bone formation in ungrafted areas. Lasers Surg. Med. 50:651–660, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Commercialization of eHealth innovations in the market of the UK healthcare sector: A framework for a sustainable business model
Authors: Oderanti Festus Oluseyi , Li Feng 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDemographic trends with extended life expectancy are placing increasing pressures on the UK state‐funded healthcare budgets. eHealth innovations are expected to facilitate new avenues for cost‐effective and safe methods of care, for enabling elderly people to live independently at their own homes and for assisting governments to cope with the demographic challenges. However, despite heavy investment in these innovations, large‐scale deployment of eHealth continues to face significant obstacles, and lack of sustainable business models (BMs) is widely regarded as part of the greatest barriers. Through various empirical methods that include facilitated workshops, case studies of relevant organizations, and user groups, this paper investigates the reasons the private market of eHealth innovations has proved difficult to establish, and therefore it develops a framework for sustainable BMs that could elimiesnate barriers of eHealth innovation commercialization. Results of the study suggest that to achieve sustainable commercialization, BM frameworks and innovation diffusion characteristics should be considered complements but not substitutes.
Customers’ judgments and misjudgments of corporate responsibility communication: A cross‐country investigation of the effects on confidence and trust within the banking sector
Authors: Civera Chiara , Casalegno Cecilia , Mosca Fabrizio , Maple Peter 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCustomers’ judgment of corporate responsibility (CR) communication and the effect on confidence and trust as interlinked paradigms are intriguing areas of investigation from both theoretical and empirical perspectives. This research aims to clarify the nature of effective CR communication toward customers by identifying situations of over‐ and undercommunication of CR that might cause misjudgments and therefore lower the level of confidence among customers. The study also provides insights to better explain the link between confidence and trust related to customers’ perceptions of CR communication and compares different judgments and misjudgments regarding the banking industries in Italy and the United Kingdom. The study adopts real and fictitious bank case studies to conduct focus groups investigations of 160 millennial customers’ perceptions of CR communication and how it affects their level of confidence. The findings highlight the role of trust in making independent judgments on CR communications. Some similarities and slight differences in the impact of CR communication on confidence emerge between the countries and greatly depend on the customers’ level of trust in real banks and the influence of the industry effect characterizing the banking sector. This study provides fertile ground for future research into the implementation of a more effective and balanced CR communication strategy to increase customers’ confidence and into the understanding of which communication drivers, apparently independent of CR, affect trust in the long term.
The opportunity to improve psychological competences of project managers in international businesses
Authors: Rodríguez‐Rivero Rocío , Ortiz‐Marcos Isabel , Ballesteros‐Sánchez Luis , Romero Javier 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMany projects are currently conducted in international businesses in which cultural issues play an important role. In‐depth analysis of the risks associated with the unknown of this type of issues offers companies a better understanding of how to focus their marketing tools to be more effective, and provides project managers with strategies to improve customer relationships. Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions and Meyer's Culture Map have demonstrated that every society possesses distinguishing features. These cultural theories serve as foundation for including the category of culture in a proposed Cultural Risk Breakdown Structure. Through a literature review, risks associated with cultural differences are identified in projects executed in Africa, China, and the Middle East. By linking these risks to cultural dimensions, it is possible to identify the psychological competences framework in international businesses. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to create not only a comprehensive record of these risks but also a list of the new skills and competences that project managers must possess to improve client satisfaction and make decisions in a cross‐cultural environment. By considering the association between psychological aspects and cultural issues, this analysis will be of considerable benefit for improving relationships in international contexts.
Numerical investigation of droplet impact on the welding pool in gas metal arc welding
Authors: Mokrov O. , Lysnyi O. , Simon M. , Reisgen U. , Laschet G. , Apel M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA transient three‐dimensional model that describes physical phenomena inside a welding pool during gas–metal arc welding process is presented. The model considers such phenomena as heat‐mass transfer, electromagnetics, hydrodynamic processes and deformation of the weld pool free surface. The fluid flow in the weld pool is induced due to the presence of the mechanical impact of the droplets, thermo‐capillary surface tension, thermal buoyancy and electromagnetic forces. The weld pool surface deformation is calculated by considering arc pressure and droplet impact force. A comparative analysis of the impact of the electric current of the welding arc and different force factors causing the motion of liquid metal in the weld pool on the shape of the welded seam was carried out and discussed.
Investigation on the transferability of algorithms for the numerical optimization of cooling channel design in injection molding on metal gravity die casting
Authors: Hopmann C. , Schneppe T. , Theunissen M. , Bührig‐Polaczek A. , Wolff N. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe thermal mold design and the identification of a proper cooling channel design are primordial steps in the development of complex molds for injection molding. In order to find a suitable cooling channel system, a lot of effort is needed to avoid part warpage after solidification. In current research, a simulative procedure to optimize the cooling channel layout iteratively is being developed at the Institute of Plastics Processing. These algorithms are transferred to the metal gravity die casting process, which has several similar requirements to the mold. Effectively, the simulation is simplified to a heat conduction problem. Instead of water, high temperature resistant oil is deployed and the casted material is a A356 aluminum alloy instead of semi‐crystalline plastics. The algorithm is adapted to these changed boundary conditions and the calculation of the optimized heat distribution is performed. Aim of this procedure is the construction of a mold producing parts with less warpage than a conventional mold.
Influence on martensite‐start‐temperature and volume expansion of low‐transformation‐temperature materials used for residual stress relief in beam welding
Authors: Reisgen U. , Olschok S. , Sharma R. , Gach S. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractLow‐transformation‐temperature materials (LTT) are used as high‐alloy welding filler material for high‐strength steels in order to minimize the tensile stresses and resulting distortion of the component during the welding process. The increase in the volume of the structure produced during martensitic transformation is utilized in order to counteract the volume shrinkage due to the cooling process. As stated in the field of study various elements influence the starting temperature of the martensite transformation, the influence on the volume expansion during the martensite formation is unknown. The influence of alloying elements nickel and chromium on the conversion behavior of low‐transformation‐temperature materials is to be investigated in detail. In particular, the effect of the variation of the mentioned elements on the starting temperature of the martensitic phase transformation and the extent of the volume expansion associated with that is investigated. In addition, the change in the hardness of the different low‐transformation‐temperature alloys is recorded and compared.