bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shake table tests of unattached, asymmetric, dual‐body systems
Authors: Wittich C. E. , Hutchinson T. C. 
Published: January 2017

SummarySystems of unattached, or freestanding, structures are highly vulnerable to damage and/or collapse during an earthquake, as evidenced during numerous past events. This class of structural system includes statue–pedestal systems, multidrum columns, radiation shields, unreinforced masonry walls, and other mechanical and electrical equipment. While a number of studies have analyzed the response of the single rocking block, very few have tested the response of multiple block systems subjected to earthquakes. Therefore, this paper details an extensive shake table testing campaign in which the seismic response of a pair of stiff, unattached blocks, herein referred to as a dual‐body system, was evaluated. Experimental variables include the geometry, including asymmetry, of both top (tower) and bottom (pedestal) bodies, input motion, and the coefficient of friction beneath the system. Furthermore, the tower structures were tested both in dual‐body configurations as well as in single‐body configurations allowing an understanding of the effect of the pedestal. The tests indicate that the presence of a pedestal increases the likelihood of collapse and amplitude of rocking demands, in general. However, certain geometric and interface combinations yield a more stable tower in a dual‐body configuration compared to a single‐body configuration, because of the dependence of the pedestal response on the geometry of the tower. Furthermore, a low‐friction interface beneath the pedestal reduces demands on the tower. However, this low‐friction interface may still transfer long‐period contributions of the input motion to the tower, which may be detrimental to its response. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of lithology on valley width, terrace distribution, and bedload provenance in a tectonically stable catchment with flat‐lying stratigraphy
Authors: Keen‐Zebert Amanda , Hudson Mark R. , Shepherd Stephanie L. , Thaler Evan A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractHow rock resistance or erodibility affects fluvial landforms and processes is an outstanding question in geomorphology that has recently garnered attention owing to the recognition that the erosion rates of bedrock channels largely set the pace of landscape evolution. In this work, we evaluate valley width, terrace distribution, and bedload provenance in terms of reach scale variation in lithology in the study reach and discuss the implications for landscape evolution in a catchment with relatively flat‐lying stratigraphy and very little uplift. A reach of the Buffalo National River in Arkansas was partitioned into lithologic reaches and the mechanical and chemical resistance of the main lithologies making up the catchment was measured. Valley width and the spatial distribution of terraces were compared among the different lithologic reaches. The surface grain size and provenance of coarse (2–90 mm) sediment of both modern gravel bars and older terrace deposits that make up the former bedload were measured and defined. The results demonstrate a strong impact of lithology upon valley width, terrace distribution, and bedload provenance and therefore, upon landscape evolution processes. Channel down‐cutting through different lithologies creates variable patterns of resistance across catchments and continents. Particularly in post‐tectonic and non‐tectonic landscapes, the variation in resistance that arises from the exhumation of different rocks in channel longitudinal profiles can impact local base levels, initiating responses that can be propagated through channel networks. The rate at which that response is transmitted through channels is potentially amplified and/or mitigated by differences between the resistance of channel beds and bedload sediment loads. In the study reach, variation in lithologic resistance influences the prevalence of lateral and vertical processes, thus producing a spatial pattern of terraces that reflects rock type rather than climate, regional base level change, or hydrologic variability. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Returning to normal? Assessing transcriptome recovery over time in male rainbow darter (Etheostoma caeruleum) liver in response to wastewater-treatment plant upgrades
Authors: Marjan Patricija , Martyniuk Christopher J. , Fuzzen Meghan L.M. , MacLatchy Deborah L. , McMaster Mark E. , Servos Mark R. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract

The present study measured hepatic transcriptome responses in male rainbow darter (Etheostoma caeruleum) exposed to 2 municipal wastewater-treatment plants (MWWTPs; Kitchener and Waterloo) over 4 fall seasons (2011–2014) in the Grand River (Ontario, Canada). The overall goal was to determine if upgrades at the Kitchener MWWTP (in 2012) resulted in transcriptome responses indicative of improved effluent quality. The number of differentially expressed probes in fish downstream of the Kitchener outfall (904–1223) remained comparable to that downstream of Waterloo (767–3867). Noteworthy was that year and the interaction of year and site explained variability in more than twice the number of transcripts than site alone, suggesting that year and the interaction of year and site had a greater effect on the transcriptome than site alone. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed a gradual reduction in the number of gene ontologies over time at exposure sites, which corresponded with lower contaminant load. Subnetwork enrichment analysis revealed that there were noticeable shifts in the cell pathways differently expressed in the liver preupgrade and postupgrade. The dominant pathways altered preupgrade were related to genetic modifications and cell division, whereas postupgrade they were associated with the immune system, reproduction, and biochemical responses. Molecular pathways were dynamic over time, and following the upgrades, there was little evidence that gene expression profiles in fish collected from high-impact sites postupgrade were more similar to those in fish collected from reference site. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2108–2122. © 2017 SETAC
A re-evaluation of PETROTOX for predicting acute and chronic toxicity of petroleum substances
Authors: Redman Aaron D. , Parkerton Thomas F. , Leon Paumen Miriam , Butler Josh D. , Letinski Daniel J. , den Haan Klass 
Published: January 2017

Abstract

The PETROTOX model was developed to perform aquatic hazard assessment of petroleum substances based on substance composition. The model relies on the hydrocarbon block method, which is widely used for conducting petroleum substance risk assessments providing further justification for evaluating model performance. Previous work described this model and provided a preliminary calibration and validation using acute toxicity data for limited petroleum substance. The objective of the present study was to re-evaluate PETROTOX using expanded data covering both acute and chronic toxicity endpoints on invertebrates, algae, and fish for a wider range of petroleum substances. The results indicated that recalibration of 2 model parameters was required, namely, the algal critical target lipid body burden and the log octanol–water partition coefficient (KOW) limit, used to account for reduced bioavailability of hydrophobic constituents. Acute predictions from the updated model were compared with observed toxicity data and found to generally be within a factor of 3 for algae and invertebrates but overestimated fish toxicity. Chronic predictions were generally within a factor of 5 of empirical data. Furthermore, PETROTOX predicted acute and chronic hazard classifications that were consistent or conservative in 93 and 84% of comparisons, respectively. The PETROTOX model is considered suitable for the purpose of characterizing petroleum substance hazard in substance classification and risk assessments. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2245–2252. © 2017 SETAC
Lost Illusions
Authors: Unterstell Rembert 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn 1968, at the height of the German student movement, nothing seemed impossible, even in pedagogy. But in education, many of the dreams of liberalisation turned to dust. A conversation with Meike Baader, one of the first to study both sides of the story — a broad arc ranging from early years education in “Kinderläden” to contemporary sex education books and sexual abuse.
Efficacy and safety of high‐dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation in senior versus younger adults with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma
Authors: Huang Li‐Wen , Bacon Wendi , Cirrincione Constance , Peterson Bercedis , Long Gwynn , Rizzieri David , Sullivan Keith M. , Corbet Kelly , Horwitz Mitchell , Chao Nelson , Gasparetto Cristina , Tuchman Sascha A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe retrospectively studied 340 fit patients with multiple myeloma (MM) who underwent autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). We hypothesized that progression‐free survival (PFS) of older patients was non‐inferior to that of younger patients after ASCT. Our null hypothesis was that the PFS hazard ratio (HR) for a 5‐year increase in age was ≥1.05; the alternative (non‐inferiority) hypothesis was that the HR was ≤1. The observed HR was 0.94 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.86‐1.03); since the CI upper bound was <1.05, we reject the null hypothesis and conclude that PFS in older patients was at least as good as in younger patients. We cannot reject an analogous null hypothesis for overall survival (HR 1.06 [95% CI 0.94‐1.19]), since the CI upper bound >1.05. Toxicity was similar across ages and transplant‐related mortality was minimal. 28% of subjects <65 versus 45% of those ≥65 received maintenance therapy. In summary, ASCT prolongs PFS equally well in older vs. younger adults. Although we cannot exclude maintenance as a confounder, these data support ASCT for fit seniors with MM.
Reversing the Amyloid Trend: Mechanism of Fibril Assembly and Dissolution of the Repeat Domain from a Human Functional Amyloid
Authors: McGlinchey Ryan P. , Lee Jennifer C. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAmyloids are traditionally observed in the context of disease. However, there is growing momentum that these structures can serve a beneficial role where the amyloid carries out a specific function. These so called ‘functional amyloids’ have all the structural hallmarks of disease‐associated amyloids, raising the question as to what differentiates a well‐behaved benign amyloid from a lethally destructive one. Here, we review our work on the repeat domain (RPT) from Pmel17, an important functional amyloid involved in melanin biosynthesis. Particularly, we focused our attention on the unique reversible aggregation‐disaggregation process of RPT that is controlled strictly by solution pH. This pH dependence of RPT amyloid formation functions as a switch to control fibril assembly and maintains the benign nature that is associated with functional amyloids.
Conformational Transitions of the Amyloid‐β Peptide Upon Copper(II) Binding and pH Changes
Authors: Liao Qinghua , Owen Michael C. , Olubiyi Olujide O. , Barz Bogdan , Strodel Birgit 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAmyloid‐β (Aβ) is a natively unfolded peptide found in all Alzheimer's disease patients as the major component of fibrillar plaques, which are recognized as an important pathological hallmark in Alzheimer's disease. The binding of copper to Aβ increases its neurotoxicity, as Cu2+causes Aβ to become redox active and decreases the lag time associated with Aβ aggregation. In addition, the pH is a major factor that influences both the Aβ aggregation rates and Cu2+binding. Hamiltonian replica exchange molecular dynamics (H‐REMD) simulations enable atomistic insights into the effects of pH and Cu2+complexation on the structure and dynamics of Aβ. To study the Aβ1–42/Cu2+complex, we have developed new force‐field parameters for the divalent copper ion ligated by the two histidine residues, His6 and His13, as well as the amine and carbonyl groups of Asp1, in a distorted square‐planar geometry. Our comparative simulations reveal that both Cu2+binding and a low pH‐mimicking acidosis, linked to inflammatory processes in vivo, accelerate the formation of β‐strands in Aβ1–42and lead to the stabilization of salt bridges, previously shown to promote Aβ aggregation. The results suggest that Cu2+binding and mild acidic conditions can shift the conformational equilibrium towards aggregation‐prone conformers for the monomeric Aβ.
Identifying community risk factors for violence against indigenous women: A framework of historical oppression and resilience
Authors: Burnette Catherine E. , Hefflinger Timothy S. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractViolence against Indigenous women tends to be disproportionately high, yet little is known about the historical and community factors that may exacerbate and perpetuate intimate partner violence (IPV). Using a framework of historical oppression, the purpose of this article is to uncover community‐level risk factors identified by Indigenous women who have experienced IPV, and the professionals who work with them. As part of a larger critical ethnography, this study focused on data derived from 49 semistructured interviews with Indigenous women who had experienced IPV and the professionals who work with those affected by IPV. Critical thematic analysis identified various themes related to historical oppression, including cultural disruption, IPV imposed and then internalized as a community norm, community divides, and community inequity, which likely exacerbated or perpetuated IPV. Given the causes of IPV have historical and structural roots, interventions and solutions must be designed with these structural determinants in mind.
A review on process intensification in HiGee distillation
Authors: Cortes Garcia German E , van der Schaaf John , Kiss Anton A 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis review paper describes the state‐of‐the‐art in the field of HiGee contactors used for gas–liquid mass transfer processes, with a special focus on distillation, and for heterogeneously catalyzed reactions. Several types of rotating beds are discussed, including single‐block rotating packed‐bed, split‐packing rotating bed, rotating zigzag bed, two‐stage counter‐current rotating packed bed, blade packing rotating packed bed, rotating bed with blade packing and baffles, counter‐flow concentric‐ring rotating bed and crossflow concentric‐baffle rotating bed. The working principles of HiGee technology, as well as the modeling, design and control aspects, and practical applications are explained and discussed. In addition, this paper addresses the advantages and disadvantages with respect to mass‐transfer performance, pressure drop, rotor complexity and suitability to perform continuous distillation and to be filled with catalyst packing for heterogeneous reactions. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Dual‐functionality ionic liquid mix for extraction and esterification of fatty acids as a step towards increasing the efficiency of conversion of waste cooking oils to biodiesel
Authors: Grimes Sue M , Kewcharoenwong Pajaree 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe increasing value of pure vegetable oils has made the use of waste cooking oils an attractive alternative feedstock for biodiesel production but the presence of free fatty acids in the waste significantly reduces efficiency of the conversion.RESULTSA low‐temperature mixed ionic liquid system with dual extraction and catalytic functions for the conversion of waste oils containing high levels of free fatty acids to biodiesel was successfully trialled. The solvent, a totally miscible system of HPyrBr and the Brønsted acid, SPyrHSO4, allows the key properties of each ionic liquid, as extractant or catalyst, to work uninhibited by the presence of the other. Extraction of free fatty acids from vegetable oils and their conversion to methyl esters in high yield is demonstrated for vegetable oils, containing single and mixed fatty acids, and for a model waste cooking oil. The oil separated from free fatty acids in the waste has a low acid value and can be converted efficiently to biodiesel; with the ionic liquid solvent recovered unchanged for reuse.CONCLUSIONSA mixed ionic liquid extraction‐esterification solvent process has been developed to effect efficient conversion of free fatty acids in waste vegetable oils to biodiesel and their conversion to esters. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of self‐carbon dioxide‐generation material for active packaging on pH, water‐holding capacity, meat color, lipid oxidation and microbial growth in beef during cold storage
Authors: Lee Seung‐Jae , Lee Seung Yun , Kim Gap‐Don , Kim Geun‐Bae , Jin Sang Keun , Hur Sun Jin 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDActive packaging refers to the mixing of additive agents into packaging materials with the purpose of maintaining or extending food product quality and shelf life. The aim of this study was to develop an easy and cheap active packaging for beef. Beef loin samples were divided into three packaging groups (C, ziplock bag packaging; T1, vacuum packaging; T2, active packaging) and stored at 4 °C for 21 days.RESULTSThe water‐holding capacity was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in C and T2 than in T1 for up to 7 days of storage. The TBARS value was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in T1 and T2 after 7 days of storage. The counts of some microorganism were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in T1 and T2 after 7 days of storage; the total bacterial count and Escherichia coli count were lowest in T2 at the end of storage.CONCLUSIONThese results indicate that active packaging using self‐CO2‐generation materials can extend the shelf life similarly to that observed with vacuum packaging, and that the active packaging method can improve the quality characteristics of beef during cold storage. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Targeted forcing improves quality, nutritional and health value of sweet cherry fruit
Authors: Overbeck Verena , Schmitz Michaela , Blanke Michael 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDTrade and consumers alike require premium‐quality cherries with high nutritional and health values preferably of local origin. While early fruit imports cannot supply such fruit, a new technology of forcing cherry emerged for an early local supply by covering the crop in spring. In the apparent scarcity of data on the resulting fruit quality, fruit characteristics of forced cherries were compared with those without cover.RESULTSSize and weight of forced cherry fruit were successfully increased by 6–14%. The less negative osmotic potential of the forced fruit (−3 to −2 MPa Ψπ) indicates less water stress under spring cover compared with field‐grown fruit (−4 MPa Ψπ), as confirmed by the larger fruit size and weight. Greater antioxidative potentials in the lipophilic and hydrophilic extracts (control min. 185 mE vs max. 365 mE under cover) of forced fruit of two cultivars showed their healthier attribute in terms of bioactive compounds, supported also by an average 14% increase in phenolics, as a response to the modified environmental conditions, which has not been investigated before.CONCLUSIONThe new technology of covering cherry trees in spring to force flowering and enhance ripening can improve the synthesis of bioactive compounds and provide the consumer with early high‐quality fruit. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Bacterial impregnation of mineral fertilizers improves yield and nutrient use efficiency of wheat
Authors: Ahmad Shakeel , Imran Muhammad , Hussain Sabir , Mahmood Sajid , Hussain Azhar , Hasnain Muhammad 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe fertilizer use efficiency (FUE) of agricultural crops is generally low, which results in poor crop yields and low economic benefits to farmers. Among the various approaches used to enhance FUE, impregnation of mineral fertilizers with plant growth‐promoting bacteria (PGPB) is attracting worldwide attention. The present study was aimed to improve growth, yield and nutrient use efficiency of wheat by bacterially impregnated mineral fertilizers.RESULTSResults of the pot study revealed that impregnation of diammonium phosphate (DAP) and urea with PGPB was helpful in enhancing the growth, yield, photosynthetic rate, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) of wheat. However, the plants treated with F8 type DAP and urea, prepared by coating a slurry of PGPB (Bacillus sp. strain KAP6) and compost on DAP and urea granules at the rate of 2.0 g 100 g−1 fertilizer, produced better results than other fertilizer treatments. In this treatment, growth parameters including plant height, root length, straw yield and root biomass significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased from 58.8 to 70.0 cm, 41.2 to 50.0 cm, 19.6 to 24.2 g per pot and 1.8 to 2.2 g per pot, respectively. The same treatment improved grain yield of wheat by 20% compared to unimpregnated DAP and urea (F0). Likewise, the maximum increase in photosynthetic rate, grain NP content, grain NP uptake, NUE and PUE of wheat were also recorded with F8 treatment.CONCLUSIONThe results suggest that the application of bacterially impregnated DAP and urea is highly effective for improving growth, yield and FUE of wheat. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Lymphocyte‐to‐monocyte ratio and neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio as biomarkers for predicting lymph node metastasis and survival in patients treated with radical cystectomy
Authors: D'Andrea David , Moschini Marco , Gust Kilian M. , Abufaraj Mohammad , Özsoy Mehmet , Mathieu Romain , Soria Francesco , Briganti Alberto , Rouprêt Morgan , Karakiewicz Pierre I. , Shariat Shahrokh F. 
Published: January 2017

PURPOSETo evaluate the role of lymphocyte‐to‐monocyte ratio (LMR) and neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as pre‐operative markers for predicting extravesical disease and survival outcomes in patients undergoing radical cystectomy (RC) for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB).MATERIALS AND METHODSData from 4335 patients undergoing RC for clinically non‐metastatic UCB were analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to predict lymph node involvement and extravesical disease (defined as ≥pT3 and N0). Recurrence‐free (RFS), cancer‐specific (CSS), and overall survival (OS) were evaluated using multivariable Cox models. The accuracy of the models was assessed with receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves and concordance‐index.RESULTSMedian LMR was 3.5 and median NLR was 2.7. Addition of LMR and NLR to a standard preoperative model improved its discrimination for prediction of lymph node metastasis by 4.5%. On multivariable analysis LMR and NLR independently predicted RFS, CSS, and OS. The discrimination of this model increased by adding LMR and NLR but was not significant.CONCLUSIONSLMR and NLR independently improved the preoperative prediction of lymph node metastasis and survival outcomes. As they are readily available, they could be integrated in a panel of preoperative markers helping selecting patients who have extravesical lymph node involvement and more aggressive disease.