bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Normothermic Conditioned Microwave Irradiation on Cultured Cells Using an Irradiation System with Semiconductor Oscillator and Thermo-regulatory Applicator
Authors: Asano Mamiko , Sakaguchi Minoru , Tanaka Satoshi , Kashimura Keiichiro , Mitani Tomohiko , Kawase Masaya , Matsumura Hitoshi , Yamaguchi Takako , Fujita Yoshikazu , Tabuse Katsuyoshi 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe investigated the effects of microwave irradiation under normothermic conditions on cultured cells. For this study, we developed an irradiation system constituted with semiconductor microwave oscillator (2.45 GHz) and thermos-regulatory applicator, which could irradiate microwaves at varied output powers to maintain the temperature of cultured cells at 37 °C. Seven out of eight types of cultured cells were killed by microwave irradiation, where four were not affected by thermal treatment at 42.5 °C. Since the dielectric properties such as ε’, ε” and tanδ showed similar values at 2.45 GHz among cell types and media, the degree of microwave energy absorbed by cells might be almost the same among cell types. Thus, the vulnerability of cells to microwave irradiation might be different among cell types. In HL-60 cells, which were the most sensitive to microwave irradiation, the viability decreased as irradiation time and irradiation output increased; accordingly, the decrease in viability was correlated to an increase in total joule. However, when a high or low amount of joules per minute was supplied, the correlation between cellular viability and total joules became relatively weak. It is hypothesized that kinds of cancer cells are efficiently killed by respective specific output of microwave under normothermic cellular conditions.
Autophagic flux, a possible mechanism for delayed gentamicin-induced ototoxicity
Authors: Kim Yeon Ju , Tian Chunjie , Kim Jangho , Shin Beomyong , Choo Oak-Sung , Kim You-Sun , Choung Yun-Hoon 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAminoglycoside antibiotics including gentamicin (GM) induce delayed ototoxic effects such as hearing loss after long-term use, unlike the early-onset ototoxicity caused by cisplatin. The purpose of the study was to identify the mechanism of the delayed GM-induced ototoxicity by exploring the role of autophagy in vitro and in vivo. Treating HEI-OC1 auditory cells with GM led to a time-dependent increase of the autophagosome marker LC3-II, which was accompanied by cell death. In contrast, cisplatin and penicillin caused a rapid increase and had no effect on LC3-II levels, respectively. LC3-II-expressing autophagosomes co-localized with the labeled GM. GM-treated autophagosomes expressed reduced levels of Rab7, which is necessary for the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes. When the autophagic flux enhancer rapamycin was applied to GM-treated cells, Rab7 and the lysosomal enzyme cathepsin D were upregulated, and increased cell survival was observed. In animal studies, the intraperitoneal injection of GM worsened hearing thresholds and induced the accumulation of LC3 in the organ of Corti. This hearing impairment was attenuated by rapamycin. These findings suggest that the delayed onset-ototoxicity of GM may be closely related to the accumulation of autophagosomes via impaired autophagy. This GM-induced auditory cell death could be inhibited by enhancing autophagic flux.
Hypocretin/Orexin Peptides Excite Rat Neuroendocrine Dopamine Neurons through Orexin 2 Receptor-Mediated Activation of a Mixed Cation Current
Authors: Lyons David J. , Hellysaz Arash , Ammari Rachida , Broberger Christian 
Published: February 2017

AbstractHypocretin/Orexin (H/O) neurons of the lateral hypothalamus are compelling modulator candidates for the chronobiology of neuroendocrine output and, as a consequence, hormone release from the anterior pituitary. Here we investigate the effects of H/O peptides upon tuberoinfundibular dopamine (TIDA) neurons – cells which control, via inhibition, the pituitary secretion of prolactin. In whole cell recordings performed in male rat hypothalamic slices, application of H/O-A, as well as H/O-B, excited oscillating TIDA neurons, inducing a reversible depolarising switch from phasic to tonic discharge. The H/O-induced inward current underpinning this effect was post-synaptic (as it endured in the presence of tetrodotoxin), appeared to be carried by a Na+-dependent transient receptor potential-like channel (as it was blocked by 2-APB and was diminished by removal of extracellular Na+), and was a consequence of OX2R receptor activation (as it was blocked by the OX2R receptor antagonist TCS OX2 29, but not the OX1R receptor antagonist SB 334867). Application of the hormone, melatonin, failed to alter TIDA membrane potential or oscillatory activity. This first description of the electrophysiological effects of H/Os upon the TIDA network identifies cellular mechanisms that may contribute to the circadian rhythmicity of prolactin secretion.
Modulated scattering technique in the terahertz domain enabled by current actuated vanadium dioxide switches
Authors: Vitale W. A. , Tamagnone M. , Émond N. , Le Drogoff B. , Capdevila S. , Skrivervik A. , Chaker M. , Mosig J. R. , Ionescu A. M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe modulated scattering technique is based on the use of reconfigurable electromagnetic scatterers, structures able to scatter and modulate an impinging electromagnetic field in function of a control signal. The modulated scattering technique is used in a wide range of frequencies up to millimeter waves for various applications, such as field mapping of circuits or antennas, radio-frequency identification devices and imaging applications. However, its implementation in the terahertz domain remains challenging. Here, we describe the design and experimental demonstration of the modulated scattering technique at terahertz frequencies. We characterize a modulated scatterer consisting in a bowtie antenna loaded with a vanadium dioxide switch, actuated using a continuous current. The modulated scatterer behavior is demonstrated using a time domain terahertz spectroscopy setup and shows significant signal strength well above 0.5 THz, which makes this device a promising candidate for the development of fast and energy-efficient THz communication devices and imaging systems. Moreover, our experiments allowed us to verify the operation of a single micro-meter sized VO2 switch at terahertz frequencies, thanks to the coupling provided by the antenna.
Larval otolith growth histories show evidence of stock structure in Northeast Atlantic blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou)
Authors: Brophy Deirdre , King Pauline A. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Brophy, D., and King, P. A. 2007. Larval otolith growth histories show evidence of stock structure in Northeast Atlantic blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou). – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64: 1136–1144. Oceanographic modelling studies suggest that blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou) larvae released on the Northeast Atlantic spawning grounds split into two branches, one following a northerly drift trajectory and the second drifting towards the south. This mechanism is proposed to restrict gene flow between northern and southern stock components. This study examined larval growth histories recorded in otoliths of adult blue whiting from three regions of the main spawning area and three feeding areas for evidence of divergent dispersal pathways. Increment measurements show that fish from the south of the spawning area on average grew significantly faster as larvae than those from the north of the spawning area, confirming that blue whiting spawning west of Ireland and Scotland do not form a randomly mixing unit, and that larval dispersal influences the subsequent distribution of spawning adults. Larval otolith growth rates in feeding blue whiting from the Bay of Biscay were significantly faster than those of fish from the Norwegian Sea feeding grounds, showing that mixing of fish from these areas is limited. Fish from the Bay of Biscay grew faster as larvae than fish from all regions of the main spawning area. The results support the proposed split in the blue whiting stock and signal caution for managing the fishery.
Diet of harbour seals and great cormorants in Limfjord, Denmark: interspecific competition and interaction with fishery
Authors: Andersen Signe M. , Teilmann Jonas , Harders Pernille B. , Hansen Else H. , Hjøllund Dorthe 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Andersen, S. M., Teilmann, J., Harders, P. B., Hansen, E. H., and Hjøllund, D. 2007. Diet of harbour seals and great cormorants in Limfjord, Denmark: interspecific competition and interaction with fishery. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64: 1235–1245. Comparative studies on seasonal and regional variation in the diet of harbour seals and great cormorants were conducted in Limfjord, a semi-closed water system in northwest Denmark. To compare harbour seal diet from an open water system containing similar prey species, a small diet analysis from the western Baltic is included. Seal diet during spring reflected the abundance of Atlantic herring entering Limfjord to spawn (90% of the weight consumed), whereas during summer and autumn, seal diet was rather more mixed. The diet of seals in the Rødsand area and cormorants in Limfjord showed no marked seasonal trends. During spring, there was little overlap between seal and cormorant diets in Limfjord because seals fed almost exclusively on Atlantic herring, and they consumed significantly larger herring than did the cormorants. During summer and autumn, seal and cormorant diets overlapped markedly, although the fish items consumed by seals were generally larger. Few commercially targeted species were found in the stomachs and scats of seals and casts of great cormorants, but Atlantic herring were taken by the seals at a size greater than that allowed by the fishery.
The Application of the New ICRU Quantities for TLD Personnel Monitoring
Authors: Duftschmid K.E. , Strachotinsky C. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The application of the new ICRU 39 quantities for a large TL personnel monitoring service has been studied. The comparison of the 'photon dose equivalent', used currently, with the new ICRU quantities for the energy range of 10 keVeff to 1250 keV (60Co) shows that the TLD system is readily suitable for the measurement of the new quantities. A simple calibration procedure based on the use of a cubic water phantom has been devised.
A Radiation Protection Service Using an Energy Discriminating Thermoluminescence Dosemeter
Authors: Curry R.G. , Dodson J. , Fernando F. , Sheppard R.M. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
In collaboration with AEE Winfrith, Vinten Instruments has developed a 4-element TL dosemeter capable of measuring both skin and body dose and of estimating the effective energy of the incident radiation. This badge forms the basis of a Radiation Protection Service, using commercially available Vinten dosemeter readers and a minicomputer based recording keeping system. The service is operated by AEE Winfrith and an alternative 'main frame' record keeping system is available for long term record keeping. This paper reports on the hardware and software required for a commercial TLD system and the experience gained in its use.
Responses of Thermoluminescent Materials to Beta Radiation and Low Energy Photons
Authors: Francis T.M. , O'Hagan J.B. , Richards D.J. , Driscoll C.M.H. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The responses in terms of the individual dose equivalent, superficial, Hs(d), of a number of commercially available thermoluminescent materials to beta radiation were investigated and compared with the responses of the same materials to low energy photons. The maximum beta energies used ranged from 0.067 to 2.27 MeV and the photon energies ranged from 0.033 to 0.662 MeV. All irradiations were carried out on appropriate tissue-equivalent phantoms. The results of these studies serve to identify materials and configurations suitable for personal dosimetry in mixed beta-photon fields.
Chemiluminescence Accident Dosimetry with Drugs and Other Solid Materials
Authors: Hammermaier A. , Reich E. , Bögl W. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
It has been shown that it is possible to measure radiation doses using the chemiluminescence (CL or lyoluminescence) of different solids. The purpose of this study was to find out whether chemiluminescence from drugs, as well as from other solid materials collected in the neighbourhood of a radiation accident, could be used to estimate the radiation dose to the people involved in the radiation accident. CL glow curves of 18 gamma ray irradiated powdered drugs were investigated. For seven selected pharmaceuticals, optimisation of the CL yield according to sample mass, pH of solution and concentration of luminol was performed. We found that with many powdered drugs, doses as low as about 1 Gy can be measured. The CL of 10 irradiated solid materials (hair, finger-nail clippings, chalk, cellulose, etc.) was investigated using luminol solutions. The results showed that it would be very difficult to observe a radiation induced chemiluminescence with doses of about 1 Gy, when using solid materials of minimum solubility in the luminol sensitiser system.
Auto-Regenerative TL Dating of Zircon Inclusions
Authors: Templer R.H. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Microscopic zircon crystals exist in small amounts in most pottery. Zircons are of particular interest because they are one of the few TL sensitive minerals whose palaeodose is almost entirely internal. Since the external dose normally contributes only 3% to the natural TL, errors introduced by uncertainties in the environmental dose rate are virtually eliminated. Because of their high internal dose rate one can date the last firing of the zircons by storing the grains for six months after measurement of the natural TL. During the storage a small TL signal will be auto-regenerated. The age is then given by Age = (Natural TL x storage time)/(Auto-regenerated TL). This technique overcomes the difficulties, encountered in the standard TL dating procedure, from zoned TL emission. However, this auto-regenerated TL signal is small, requiring the development of high sensitivity TL apparatus. A variety of samples have been successfully dated by this method, with dating accuracies of 4 to 45%. The results are reported here.
Use of Mohr's Salt for High Level Gamma Dosimetry (Up to 108 Gy)
Authors: Hickman C. , Lorrain S. , Barthe J.R. , Portal G. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Fricke's dosemeter, which has been used for many years as a transfer dosemeter for doses up to 400 Gy employs Mohrs salt Fe(SO4)2(NH4)26H2O in an ultra-pure solution. The originality of the method proposed is that the salt is irradiated in the solid state. Spectrophotometrc measurements are then made on the absorption peak (345 nm) of a solution of this salt in 0.1 N hydrochloric acid. The solution is more and more diluted as the dose increases in order to remain always under conditions where the Beer-Lambert law is applicable. Two series of experiments are described. In the first series, a 60Co source was used to irradiate small plastic containers filled with powdered Mohr salt. In the second series, 3 mm diameter glass tubes filled with powder were irradiated using a fuel element source (fuel elements from the OSIRIS reactor) which enabled very high integrated doses to be reached. The decaying fission products of this latter irradiator required regular determinations of the corresponding dose rates during irradiation. Alanine ESR dosimetry was used for this purpose. The method proposed is simple, cheap and accurate. A comparison with single crystal LiF measurements is made.
The Design Philosophy for an Automatic TLD System to Meet Current International Specifications
Authors: Haaslahti J. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The object of this paper is to describe the elements of a new automatic TLD system intended to meet draft IEC/ISO proposals and ANSI requirements in the USA. Dosemeter badge design is based on ICRU recommendations. The basic intent has been to produce a standard system that can measure and file raw data that can be adapted to specific user requirements with software. The system consists of a programmable automatic reader, an automatic irradiator, a computer, and dosemeters for environmental, whole body, extremity, and clinical applications. The reader uses hot nitrogen heating and photon counting, and measurement conditions may be chosen with complete freedom. The reader can produce a real-time glow curve to assist in checking performance. Both reader and irradiator have an extremely simple mechanical system to allow user self-service and maintenance. The irradiator has a 90Sr-90Y source to permit programmed irradiation for calibration and materials sensitivity checks. Cassettes are used to hold TLD cards during processing. Cassette coding both identifies samples and calls measurement parameters into use from memory. The system can be programmed to measure all common materials and all common dosemeter elements (both square and round).
Analysis of Thermoluminescence Glow Curves of Mineral Sphene and Epidote for Radiation Damage Studies
Authors: Khalifa M.S. , Al-Khalifa I.J.M. , Durrani S.A. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Thermoluminescence (TL) properties of sphene and epidote are of interest in studies related to their radiation damage. Natural and artifically induced TL of these minerals has, therefore, been investigated. Both minerals exhibit complex glow curves with several overlapping peaks. The Tm-TSTOP thermal cleaning procedure has revealed three peaks in the ? ray induced glow curve of each mineral. That these peaks obey second order kinetics was indicated by the continuously slanting structure of the Tm-TSTOP curve. The TL parameters E and s have been calculated using (i) the initial rise method, and (ii) the glow-peak shape method. In general, the values of E calculated by the first method are found to be higher than those from the second. The TL curve-fitting method is also applied in order to calculate these parameters and to serve as a cross-check on the results.
Initial Spectra of Neutron-Induced Secondary Charged Particles
Authors: Gerstenberg H.M. , Caswelll R.S. , Coyne J.J. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Calculations have been made of the initial spectra of secondary charged particles which result from neutron interactions with materials such as tissue. These secondary particles are ions of H, D, He and the heavier recoil ions of Be, B, C, N and O. The spectra of the ions have been determined in 200 keV neutron energy bin sizes between 0 and 20 MeV as well as for 76 almost-logarithmic bins extending from thermal energy to 2 MeV. The primary input for these calculations is the ENDF/B-V nuclear data file from the National Nuclear Data Center at Brookhaven. Additional supplementary information is also needed on the angular distribution of neutron reactions leading to charged particles and on the final excitation of residual nuclei. Recently measured kerma factors in carbon disagree with those calculated using the nuclear cross section data from ENDF/B-V by as much as 25% in the region between 14 MeV and 18 MeV. A recently made evaluation of the carbon cross sections in the energy region between 5 MeV and 32 MeV is used here to calculate kerma and initial spectra at neutron energies of 16.9, 14.9, and 13.9 MeV; the results are then compared with that obtained using the ENDF/B-V data.
An Analytic Model for Ionisation Distributions Produced in Nanometre Volumes by Recoil Protons
Authors: Wilson W.E. , Paretzke H.G. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
A concise mathematical model is presented for the fast computation of microdosimetric distributions for the number of ionisations produced in sub-cellular volumes by energetic protons of 0.3 to 20 MeV. The model is based on the results of extensive Monte Carlo computer simulations of charged particle tracks and can be used to take into account, with only a small computing effort, straggling and delta ray transport effects in the nanometre dosimetry of neutrons.
Restricted LET Remains a Good Parameter of Radiation Quality
Authors: Harder D. , Blohm R. , Kessler M. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
A suitable physical parameter of radiation quality must represent not only the mean but also the fluctuation of the energy deposition per particle passage through that microscopic site of tissue in which proximity between radiation-induced lesions is decisive for the action mechanism. For sites of nanometre dimensions restricted LET is considered to have this property because (a) the distribution moments j and j2/j of the number j of ionisations per delta ray within the site are almost independent of the type and energy of the primary particle, and (b) the Poisson fluctuation of the number of primary ionisations within the site is determined by its mean value, which is proportional to restricted LET. Corresponding to this theoretical qualification as a suitable parameter, restricted LET has been experimentally identified as determining the yield factor a of various cellular radiation effects.
Model Calculations for Electrochemically Etched Neutron Detectors
Authors: Pitt E. , Scharmann A. , Werner B. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Electrochemical etching has been established as a common method for visualisation of nuclear tracks in solid state nuclear track detectors. Usually the Mason equation, which describes the amplification of the electrical field strength at the track tip, is used to explain the treeing effect of electrochemical etching. The yield of neutron-induced tracks from electrochemically etched CR-39 track detectors was investigated with respect to the electrical parameters. A linear dependence on the response from the macroscopic field strength was measured which could not be explained by the Mason equation. It was found that the reality of a recoil proton track in the detector does not fit the boundary conditions which are necessary when the Mason equation is used. An alternative model was introduced to describe the track and detector geometry in the case of a neutron track detector. The field strength at the track tip was estimated with this model and compared with the experimental data, yielding good agreement.
Progress Towards a European Filtered Neutron Beam Facility
Authors: Harvey J.R. , Mill A.J. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
A feasibility study of a filtered neutron beam facility on the high flux reactor at the Petten establishment of the Joint Research Centre of the Commission of the European Communities has been undertaken. The facility would, in the first instance, have eight beams with energies ranging from 100 eV to 120 keV, and three possible irradiation geometries. It would have a range of applications in science, technology and medicine. The replies to a questionnaire on probable utilisation, recently distributed in Europe by the Commission of the European Communities, are analysed.
Photoneutron Production and Dosimetry in Tissue During High Energy Bremsstrahlung Radiotherapy
Authors: Allen P.D. , Chaudhri M.A. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The total yield of photoneutrons from soft-tissue-equivalent material irradiated with bremsstrahlung of end point energy from 6 MeV to 28 MeV has been measured using the 35 MeV University of Melbourne Betatron and a 4p Halpern type neutron detector. The results are compared with calculations based on the cross sections for neutron production of the constituent elements of tissue (H, C, N and O). It is shown that the less common isotopes of the constituent elements (2H, 13C, 15N, 17O, 18O) must be included to obtain agreement with the measured yields. The dose imparted to tissue by the photoneutrons is estimated for the energy range from 6 MeV to 30 MeV and compared with other available measurements/estimations. Further, the dose equivalent due to all photonuclear reactions in tissue is estimated for energies of 24 MeV and 30 MeV.