bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sums of Powers of Integers and Bernoulli Numbers Clarified
Authors: TAN SI DO 
Published: February 2017

This work exposes a very simple method for calculating at the same time the sums of powers of the first integers S_m(n) and the Bernoulli numbers B_m. This is possible thank only to the relation S_m(x+1)-S_m(x)= x^m and the Pascal formula concerning S_m(n) which may be explained as if the vector n^2-n, n^3-n,...,n^(m+1)-n is the transform of the vector S_1(n), S_2(n),...,S_m(n) by a matrix P built from the Pascal triangle. Very useful relations between the sums S_m(n), the Bernoulli numbers B_m and elements of the inverse matrix of P are deduced, leading straightforwardly to known and new properties of them.
Uncertainties of soil moisture in historical simulations and future projections
Authors: Cheng Shanjun , Huang Jianping , Ji Fei , Lin Lei 
Published: February 2017

AbstractUncertainties of soil moisture in historical simulations (1920–2005) and future projections (2006–2080) were investigated by using the outputs from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 and Community Earth System Model. The results showed that soil moisture climatology varies greatly among models despite the good agreement between the ensemble mean of simulated soil moisture and the Global Land Data Assimilation System data. The uncertainties of initial conditions and model structure showed similar spatial patterns and magnitudes, with high uncertainties in dry regions and low uncertainties in wet regions. In addition, the long‐term variability of model structure uncertainty rapidly decreased before 1980 and increased thereafter, but the uncertainty in initial conditions showed an upward trend over the entire time span. The model structure and initial conditions can cause uncertainties at all time scales. Despite these large uncertainties, almost all of the simulations showed significant decreasing linear trends in soil moisture for the 21st century, especially in the Mediterranean region, northeast and southwest South America, southern Africa, and southwestern USA.
Efficient Oxidative Coupling of Arenes via Electrochemical Regeneration of 2,3‐Dichloro‐5,6‐dicyano‐1,4‐benzoquinone (DDQ) under Mild Reaction Conditions
Authors: Röse Philipp , Emge Steffen , König Christoph Alexander , Hilt Gerhard 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe intramolecular dehydrogenative carbon‐carbon bond formation of aromatic rings in the presence of catalytic amounts of an oxidising agent is herein described. The oxidative coupling is realised under indirect anodic conditions, utilising 2,3‐dichloro‐5,6‐dicyano‐1,4‐benzoquinone (DDQ) as an efficient redox mediator under acidic conditions. In comparison, for the stoichiometric oxidative coupling reaction of hexakis(4‐tert‐butylphenyl)benzene on a 1.0 gram scale, 1.56 g of DDQ were applied, whereas in the present indirect electrochemical version, only 15 mg of DDQ were needed, resulting in significantly easier purifications of the products. The reaction proceeds smoothly using a variety of polyaromatics including terphenyl, quaterphenyl and heptaphenyl derivatives to give polyphenylenes in excellent yields and current efficiencies. A detailed optimisation study, investigations on the electrochemical behaviour of the redox mediator and synthetic applications of the method are discussed.magnified image
Annealing effect on crystalline structure and mechanical properties in long glass fiber reinforced polyamide 66
Authors: Meng Qingyu , Gu Yizhuo , Luo Liang , Wang Shaokai , Li Min , Zhang Zuoguang 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTGenerally, annealing is one of the important post‐processing methods used to obtain injection molding products coupled with excellent comprehensive performance. Based on a series of experimental studies in this work, a systematic investigation was performed to research the annealing effect on crystalline structure and mechanical properties in long glass fiber reinforced polyamide 66 (LGF‐PA66) composite. The composite was prepared by injection molding, using LGF‐PA66 pellet with 50 wt % fiber content and 12 mm length. Composite samples were annealed in 120 °C to 200 °C range and then subjected to various tests at room temperature. Besides, the releasing strain during a specific temperature cycle was also investigated. Our results suggest that annealing treatment had a neglected impact on the crystallinity and crystal morphology of LGF‐PA66 composite. However, with the increasing of processing temperature, annealing could strikingly promote the phase transition from γ to α and the further growth of α2 crystal in (010)/(110). In addition, annealing of LGF‐PA66 composite resulted in a drastic increase in tensile and flexural properties and a reduction in impact strength, along with the transition of failure mode. The changes in mechanical properties were attributed to the crystal transition, strengthening of matrix performance, and the release of residual stress. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44832.
Preparation of a hydroxyethyl–titanium dioxide–carboxymethyl cellulose hydrogel cage and its effect on the removal of methylene blue
Authors: Han Shuai , Wang Ting , Li Bin 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTA novel TiO2 hydrogel cage model was built for the removal of methylene blue (MB), an organic pollutant. This TiO2 hydrogel cage was prepared with the biomass materials of hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and this hydrogel cage structure was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X‐ray diffraction. The contents of the encased TiO2 and its swelling properties with different CMC proportions of this hydrogel cage were studied to obtain a suitable crosslinking network structure and optimal synthesis conditions. Compared to an equivalent amount of pure TiO2, the much higher removal efficiency of MB with our prepared TiO2 hydrogel cage was attributed to the synergistic effect of the photocatalytic degradation for TiO2 and the adsorption enrichment for cellulose hydrogels. Furthermore, the adsorption kinetics of the intraparticle diffusion model were used to study the adsorption enrichment process of the TiO2 hydrogel cage. In addition, on the basis of the results of photocatalytic degradation and recycling experiments, excellent performances with respect to self‐cleaning, regenerative ability, and easy recovery, were shown for this HEC–TiO2–CMC cage material, which demonstrated ideal application potential for MB removal. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44925.
Efficient synthesis of organic carbonates and poly(1,4‐butylene carbonate‐co‐terephthalate)s
Authors: Kim Jin Gu , Jeon Jong Yeob , Chun Jiseul , Kim Chung Sol , Lee Pyung Cheon , Lee Bun Yeoul 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTDimethyl carbonate (DMC) is an environmentally benign chemical currently produced using CO2. Using the conventional Dean–Stark apparatus, a method was developed for the effective and selective removal of the methanol generated in the transesterification of DMC with alcohol. Using this device, various diols (HO‐A‐OH; A = (CH2)4, (CH2)2O(CH2)2, CH2C6H10CH2, and CH2C6H4CH2) were converted to mixtures of the corresponding MeOC(O)[O‐A‐OC(O)]OMe and MeOC(O)[O‐A‐OC(O)]2OMe. Dialkyl carbonates such as dibutyl carbonate, dibenzyl carbonate, and diallyl carbonate were also efficiently prepared from the corresponding alcohols using this device. The compound prepared from 1,4‐butanediol, MeOC(O)[O(CH2)4OC(O)]1.5OMe, was subjected to polycondensation with HO(CH2)4[O2CC6H4CO2(CH2)4]1.5OH or HO(CH2)4[O2CC6H4CO2(CH2)4]1.8OH, which directly was prepared from terephthalic acid and 1,4‐butanediol. The polycondensation afforded high‐molecular‐weight poly(1,4‐butylene carbonate‐co‐terephthalate)s (PBCTs) with Mw of 80–270 kDa and 0.40–0.46 terephthalate mole fractions. PBCTs are attractive materials with potential biodegradability and LDPE‐like thermal properties. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44951.
Efficient Synthesis of 1,4‐Bis‐heteroatom‐substituted Tetraselanylbenzenes via 1,4‐Dilithiation of Hexaselanylbenzene and Investigation on Their Electronic Properties
Authors: Fujita Masahiro , Furukawa Shunsuke , Saito Masaichi 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe successfully synthesized mono‐ and bis‐substituted polyselanylbenzenes 3 and 5 via mono‐ and dilithiation of hexakis(phenylselanyl)benzene (1), respectively. Introduction of various heteroatom functionalities into hexaselanylbenzene changed the electronic properties dependent on the σ‐symmetric circular orbitals that were formed by the interactions between neighboring heteroatoms. In the cyclic voltammetry and theoretical studies on bis‐heteroatom‐substituted benzenes 5, the extent of the interactions in the circular orbitals with σ‐symmetry affected the stability of the cationic species of 5. This study would give insight into the molecular design for new σ‐delocalized systems and inspire the development of tuning electronic properties of benzene derivatives by σ‐type orbital interactions derived from heteroatom functionalities.
Fractional Order PI‐PD Control of Liquid Level in Coupled Two Tank System and its Experimental Validation
Authors: Roy Prasanta , Kar Biprajeet , Roy Binoy Krishna 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis paper presents a level control problem of a coupled two tank single input single output (SISO) system. A cascade control strategy is adopted having a fractional order proportional integral (FOPI) controller and fractional order proportional derivative (FOPD) controller in the outer and the inner loops, respectively. Cascaded integer order proportional integral (IOPI) and integer order proportional derivative (IOPD) controllers are also designed to compare the performances. A frequency domain approach is followed to design all the controllers. It is mathematically shown that the FOPI and FOPD controllers can achieve less steady state error and consume less energy than that of the IOPI and IOPD controllers while meeting the same phase margin and gain crossover frequency. All propositions are validated on an experimental setup.
An investigative graduate laboratory course for teaching modern DNA techniques
Authors: de Lencastre Alexandre , Thomas Torello A. , Keller Lani C. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis graduate‐level DNA methods laboratory course is designed to model a discovery‐based research project and engages students in both traditional DNA analysis methods and modern recombinant DNA cloning techniques. In the first part of the course, students clone the Drosophila ortholog of a human disease gene of their choosing using Gateway® cloning. In the second part of the course, students examine the expression of their gene of interest in human cell lines by reverse transcription PCR and learn how to analyze data from quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT‐PCR) experiments. The adaptability of the Gateway® cloning system is ideally suited for students to design and create different types of expression constructs to achieve a particular experimental goal (e.g., protein purification, expression in cell culture, and/or subcellular localization), and the genes chosen can be aligned to the research interests of the instructor and/or ongoing research in a department. Student evaluations indicate that the course fostered a genuine excitement for research and in depth knowledge of both the techniques performed and the theory behind them. Our long‐term goal is to incorporate this DNA methods laboratory as the foundation for an integrated laboratory sequence for the Master of Science degree program in Molecular and Cellular Biology at Quinnipiac University, where students use the reagents and concepts they developed in this course in subsequent laboratory courses, including a protein methods and cell culture laboratory. © 2017 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 45(4):351–359, 2017.
An introduction to FE analysis with Excel‐VBA
Authors: Yanase Keiji 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTAimed primarily for educational use, an effective platform for 2‐dimensional FE stress analysis was developed by making use of the Excel‐VBA program. With the undergraduate students as the target group, the educational emphasis was placed on the practical application of linear elasticity and the proper use of the FE method. As a part of the project, the students were requested to solve a stress concentration problem by conducting mesh convergence study using Excel‐VBA functionality. They generated the mesh manually by drawing the figures on the grid‐paper. This time consuming experience is usually sufficiently memorable to provide the student with the sense of the required mesh size for proper FE analysis. In addition, the use of tabular data in Excel allows the students to easily conduct the FE analysis. Further, the reports by students clearly manifest that the reliability of the FE method is highly dependent on the experience and the theoretical knowledge of the engineer. In sum, Excel‐VBA is a highly efficient tool for introducing the FE method and can motivate the students to study this subject further. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 25:311–319, 2017; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21799
Growth hormone modulates in vitro endothelial cell migration and formation of capillary‐like structures
Authors: Messias de Lima Cícero Fagner , dos Santos Reis Maria Danielma , da Silva Ramos Fernando Wagner , Ayres‐Martins Silvana , Smaniotto Salete 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe generation of new blood vessels is a complex process mediated by a variety of growth factors, and the growth hormone (GH) has been shown to act as a proangiogenic factor. In fact, human GH deficiency or excess are associated with endothelial dysfunction. Moreover, mouse models have revealed the action of GH in both tissue repair and in the microvascular circulation of normal tissues. In this study, we investigated the in vitro effects of GH on endothelial cells. Using a murine endothelioma cell line (tEnd.1), we demonstrated that GH has a mitogenic effect. The hormone also affected the endothelial cellular morphology and augmented the deposition of the extracellular matrix molecules, laminin, and fibronectin, on tEnd.1 surface. GH could stimulate tEnd.1 cell fugetaxis, in transwell chambers migration assay, and increased the formation of capillary‐like structures in Matrigel®‐coated plates. Given the important role of angiogenesis during tissue injury, for example, at ischemic lesions, these findings shed light on therapeutic angiogenesis, particularly in pathologies where the cardiovascular system has been compromised.
Silo explosion from smoldering combustion: A case study
Authors: Russo Paola , De Rosa Armando , Mazzaro Michele 
Published: February 2017

Smoldering combustion in power/dust deposits constitutes a significant problem in some process industries. Numerous bulk materials produce heat due to different biological and oxidation processes. Spontaneous heating occurs if the rate of heat generation by an exothermic process is fast relative to the rate of heat loss to the surroundings. Such phenomena are particularly dangerous in bulk materials storage equipment (e.g. silos, bins, hoppers, bunkers) where larger fire and dust explosions may be ignited by smoldering material.The present case study concerns an explosion that occurred in a silo containing sawdust and wood chips. Firefighters were called to extinguish a fire in the silo. During their intervention an explosion occurred. Four firefighters were injured and one of them died some months later, as a result of the explosion; the explosion caused also significant damage to the silo and minor damage to the adjacent buildings. This paper describes the investigation into the cause of the silo explosion. The CFD code FLACS was used to evaluate the consequences associated with gas explosion of pyrolysis gases produced by smoldering combustion. Simulation results showed that the most probable scenario was the explosion of pyrolysis gases accumulated in the upper part of the silo where bag filters were present. The venting system was inefficient in mitigating the explosion, due to the corrosion of metal bolts connecting the silo walls. Another factor could have been the position of relief hatches, which were located in front of the filter elements, thus not meeting the required standards.
A novel flow cytometric application discriminates among the effects of chemical inhibitors on various phases of Babesia divergens intraerythrocytic cycle
Authors: Cursino‐Santos Jeny R. , Singh Manpreet , Pham Petra , Lobo Cheryl A. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractHuman babesiosis is a global emerging infectious disease caused by intraerythrocytic parasites of the genus Babesia. Its biology has remained largely unexplored due to a lack of critical tools and techniques required to define the various stages and phases of the parasite's cycle in its host RBC and the interplay between host and parasite. This article presents a powerful set of tools combining stage synchronization of the parasite with a platform that encompasses both a flow cytometric evaluation of the subpopulation structure of the parasite population together with a morphological assessment of the population parasites using light microscopy of conventional Giemsa stained smears. Together, these yield specific information on the effect of any drug/condition of interest and its targeted biological process, allowing the characterization of the adaptive response of parasites to a particular stressor agent. Three inhibitors were used in this study, each targeting a specific phase of the parasite's lifecycle, neuraminidase for host cell invasion, N‐acetyl‐L‐leucyl‐L‐leucyl‐L‐norleucinal for parasite development and EGTA for parasite egress from the host cell. Results presented prove the power of this combination platform in discriminating the specific targets among the life‐cycle processes of the parasite‐invasion, development/proliferation and egress. This will expand the range of queries that can now be successfully addressed in this parasite, opening avenues for the development of new methods to control babesiosis, either by chemicals (screening for new chemotherapy drugs or defining levels of parasite resistance) or physical methods (light irradiation or heat shock used in pathogen reduction/elimination methods). © 2017 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
A Minimum Hamming Distance Search Associative Memory Using Neuron CMOS Inverters
Authors: HARADA YUJIRO , FUJIMOTO KUNIAKI , FUKUHARA MASAAKI , YOSHIDA MASAHIRO 
Published: February 2017

SUMMARYRecently, high‐speed searching for the most similar reference data out of the database is needed for data compression, image recognition, network control, and others. However, it takes much time to search for data with software, or hardware using conventional memory. Associative memory has been developed as a high‐speed searching device. In this paper, we propose a minimum Hamming distance search associative memory using neuron CMOS inverters. The proposed associative memory is less affected by initial charge and a change of threshold voltage of neuron MOS transistors than conventional neuron CMOS circuits. The proposed circuit also makes searching speed higher by using fully parallel processing. We confirmed that the proposed circuit can be realized expected results by simulation, and experiment using test chip.
Skin conductance as a pain assessment tool during chest tube removal: An observational study
Authors: Hansen J.O. , Storm H. , Boglino‐Hörlin A. , Le Guen M. , Gayat E. , Fischler M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundSkin conductance variability to assess pain has shown varying results. Skin conductance responses per second (SCR) during a standardized painful stimulus in awake adults may give further understanding of the method's validity. The purpose of this study was to validate the SCR with the visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain (P‐VAS) and anxiety (A‐VAS) during chest tube removal (CTR).MethodsNinety‐five patients receiving epidural or non‐epidural treatment, scheduled for CTR, were studied. Pain or anxiety was considered when VAS > 30 mm; the SCR cut‐off value reflecting pain was ≥0.2 SCR.ResultsSCR values could not be recorded in eight cases before CTR, six cases during CTR and seven cases after CTR. CTR induced increases in SCR, P‐VAS and A‐VAS (p < 0.001). Seventy‐seven percent of all pairs of P‐VAS and SCR values were well‐classified; P‐VAS ≤ 30 mm and SCR < 0.2 or P‐VAS > 30 mm and SCR ≥ 0.2. SCR obtained before CTR differentiates between patients with and without pain during CTR in all patients (p = 0.04) and in the subgroup of non‐anxious patients (p = 0.02), but not in the subgroup of anxious patients. SCR obtained during CTR had similar values in patients with and without pain in all patients and in the subgroup of anxious patients, but in the subgroup of non‐anxious patients SCR during CTR differentiates patients with and without pain (p = 0.009).ConclusionsSCR increases during painful procedures. Preprocedural SCR may help predict reported pain in patients exposed to painful procedures. SCR during CTR differentiates between patients with and without pain only in non‐anxious patients.SignificancePreprocedural SCR may help predict reported pain in patients exposed to painful procedures. Procedural SCR accuracy improves in a subgroup of non‐anxious patients. P‐VAS is influenced by anxiety different from SCR.
Manganese and selenium concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid of seriously ill children
Authors: Franěk Tomáš , Kotaška Karel , Průša Richard 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundThe homeostasis of essential trace elements such as selenium and manganese may be altered in patients with severe diseases of various etiologies (trauma brain injuries, tumors, leukemias, lymphomas, neurological diseases).MethodsConcentration of manganese and selenium were determined in cerebrospinal fluid by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry in 50 hospitalized children with various clinical ethiologies including oncological, neurological, and brain related diseases.ResultsThe concentrations of manganese in cerebrospinal fluid of children were 0.97±0.67 μg/L. The concentrations of selenium were 13.3±3.5 μg/L. The concentrations were similar as published in adults. The values did not correlated with the age, gender and severity of the disease.ConclusionWe evaluated values of selenium and manganese in cerebrospinal fluid of seriously diseased children.