bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frequency and Outcomes of a Symptom-Free Waiting Period After Sport-Related Concussion
Authors: Pfaller Adam Y. , Nelson Lindsay D. , Apps Jennifer N. , Walter Kevin D. , McCrea Michael A. 
Published: July 2016

Background: Guidelines and practices for the management of sport-related concussion (SRC) have evolved swiftly over the past 2 decades. Despite common recommendations for a symptom-free waiting period (SFWP) before returning to sport, past reports have suggested poor utilization rates for this intervention. Purpose: To obtain current estimates of the utilization and characterization of SFWPs with high school and collegiate athletes. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Data were extracted from a larger prospective study that followed athletes with SRC across 13 institutions in southeastern Wisconsin from 2012 to 2014. Participants included 143 contact and collision sport athletes who were followed serially through their recoveries after SRCs. Results: In the current study sample, 99.3% of athletes used an SFWP. The mean self-reported symptom duration was 6.35 days (median, 5 days), with 72.7% reporting symptom recovery within 1 week of injury, 93.7% within 2 weeks, and 99.3% within 30 days. Rate of same-season repeat concussion was low (3.8%) and was similar to or lower than the overall rate of concussion (4.3%). Five same-season repeat concussions occurred at a range of 8 to 42 days after initial injuries. Conclusion: In comparison with prior published data collected from 1999 to 2004, utilization and duration of SFWPs were higher in the current study samples (99.3% vs 60.3% of athletes reported an SFWP; mean duration, 6.1 vs 3.2 days), and athletes were withheld from sports for more days than previously reported (12.3 vs 7.4 days). Rate of same-season repeat concussion was equivalent to that of prior published data. The findings support improved adherence to clinical management guidelines through increased utilization of SFWPs after SRC.
M-Health for Improving Screening Accuracy of Acute Malnutrition in a Community-Based Management of Acute Malnutrition Program in Mumbai Informal Settlements
Authors: Chanani Sheila , Wacksman Jeremy , Deshmukh Devika , Pantvaidya Shanti , Fernandez Armida , Jayaraman Anuja 
Published: July 2016

Background: Acute malnutrition is linked to child mortality and morbidity. Community-Based Management of Acute Malnutrition (CMAM) programs can be instrumental in large-scale detection and treatment of undernutrition. The World Health Organization (WHO) 2006 weight-for-height/length tables are diagnostic tools available to screen for acute malnutrition. Frontline workers (FWs) in a CMAM program in Dharavi, Mumbai, were using CommCare, a mobile application, for monitoring and case management of children in combination with the paper-based WHO simplified tables. A strategy was undertaken to digitize the WHO tables into the CommCare application. Objective: To measure differences in diagnostic accuracy in community-based screening for acute malnutrition, by FWs, using a mobile-based solution. Methods: Twenty-seven FWs initially used the paper-based tables and then switched to an updated mobile application that included a nutritional grade calculator. Human error rates specifically associated with grade classification were calculated by comparison of the grade assigned by the FW to the grade each child should have received based on the same WHO tables. Cohen kappa coefficient, sensitivity and specificity rates were also calculated and compared for paper-based grade assignments and calculator grade assignments. Results: Comparing FWs ( N = 14) who completed at least 40 screenings without and 40 with the calculator, the error rates were 5.5% and 0.7%, respectively ( p < .0001). Interrater reliability (κ) increased to an almost perfect level (>.90), from .79 to .97, after switching to the mobile calculator. Sensitivity and specificity also improved significantly. Conclusion: The mobile calculator significantly reduces an important component of human error in using the WHO tables to assess acute malnutrition at the community level.
Dietary B Vitamins and Serum C-Reactive Protein in Persons With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Authors: Poudel-Tandukar Kalpana , Chandyo Ram Krishna 
Published: July 2016

Background: B vitamins may have beneficial roles in reducing inflammation; however, research on the role of B vitamins in inflammation among HIV-infected persons is lacking. Objective: This study assessed the association between B vitamins and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations in HIV-infected persons. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 314 HIV-infected persons (180 men and 134 women) aged 18 to 60 years residing in the Kathmandu, Nepal. High-sensitive and regular serum CRP concentrations were measured by the latex agglutination nephelometry and latex agglutination turbidimetric method, respectively. Dietary intake was assessed using 2 nonconsecutive 24-hour dietary recalls. The relationships between B vitamins and serum CRP concentrations were assessed using multiple regression analysis. Results: The multivariate-adjusted geometric mean of serum CRP concentrations was significantly decreased with an increasing B vitamins intake across quartiles of niacin ( P for trend = .007), pyridoxine ( P for trend = .042), and cobalamin ( P for trend = .037) in men. In men, the mean serum CRP concentrations in the highest quartiles of niacin, pyridoxine, and cobalamin were 63%, 38%, and 58%, respectively, lower than that in the lowest quartile. In women, the mean serum CRP concentrations in the highest quartiles of riboflavin ( P for trend = .084) and pyridoxine ( P for trend = .093) were 37% and 47%, respectively, lower than that in the lowest quartile. Conclusion: High intake of niacin, pyridoxine, or cobalamin was independently associated with decreased serum CRP concentrations among HIV-infected men. Further prospective studies are warranted to confirm the role of B vitamins in inflammation among HIV-infected persons.
Recent advances in research on magnesium alloys and magnesium–calcium phosphate composites as biodegradable implant materials
Authors: Kuśnierczyk Katarzyna , Basista Michał 
Published: July 2016

Magnesium alloys are modern biocompatible materials suitable for orthopaedic implants due to their biodegradability in biological environment. Many studies indicate that there is a high demand to design magnesium alloys with controllable in vivo corrosion rates and required mechanical properties. A solution to this challenge can be sought in the development of metal matrix composites based on magnesium alloys with addition of relevant alloying elements and bioceramic particles. In this study, the corrosion mechanisms along with corrosion protection methods in magnesium alloys are discussed. The recently developed magnesium alloys for biomedical applications are reviewed. Special attention is given to the newest research results in metal matrix composites composed of magnesium alloy matrix and calcium phosphates, especially hydroxyapatite or tricalcium phosphate, as the second phase with emphasis on the biodegradation behavior, microstructure and mechanical properties in view of potential application of these materials in bone implants.
National Survey of Convention Centers’ Lactation Facilities
Authors: Koo Kristin , Spatz Diane 
Published: July 2016

Background: There is little published about lactation accommodations in public spaces. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine what lactation facilities, if any, convention centers in the United States are providing to accommodate breastfeeding moms. Methods: A list of national convention centers was collected from meetings-conventions.com and recorded in an Excel spreadsheet, with the name of the center, total meeting square feet, number of meeting rooms, address, and telephone number. Each convention center was contacted by phone and administered the survey. Questions were asked as to what type of lactation accommodations were available, if any. Results: A response rate of 78.7% (326 of 414 convention centers) was achieved. A mere 5.5% reported permanently designated lactation rooms, whereas 32% made temporary accommodations. While the phone survey was conducted, a wide variety of qualitative responses were provided by participants, demonstrating an overall lack of awareness of this as a public health issue. Conclusion: Return to work and breastfeeding in public are commonly reported barriers to breastfeeding. This survey clearly demonstrates a lack of accommodations in very public areas that are visited by women on a regular basis. Policy changes are necessary so all women can be supported in reaching their personal breastfeeding goals.
Knowledge Management Practices in Indian Organizations—A Sectoral Comparison
Authors: Joshi Himanshu , Farooquie Jamal A. , Chawla Deepak 
Published: July 2016

The discipline of knowledge management (KM) is about how organizations collect, disseminate and apply knowledge. Both Indian public and private sector organizations use KM for enhancing organizational success. The aim of the paper is to determine if the degree of KM implementation in private sector is significantly more that of public sector. In the Indian context, most of the research studies have looked at the empirical investigations of relationships between KM constructs. Thus, while acknowledging previous work, the study utilizes both qualitative and quantitative technique for instrument design, data collection and analysis. Literature review along with focus group discussion (FGD) and a series of personal interviews were used to build a conceptual framework and a questionnaire. Convenience sampling was used. The instrument was tested for content validity, construct validity and reliability. Further, a measurement model was developed and tested using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Further, a t-test is carried out to check if there is a statistical difference in the average scores of the constructs between the two sectors. In constructs where a significant difference is found, a t-test is conducted on the items of the construct, to find the source of the difference. The results show that private sector is ahead of public sector on all the KM constructs although it’s significantly higher in all constructs except leadership.
The Gamer Response and Decision Framework
Authors: Gillern Sam von 
Published: July 2016

Aim. This article presents the Gamer Response and Decision Framework as a tool for understanding how people interpret, make decisions, and learn during their video gaming experiences. Background. The Gamer Response and Decision Framework combines Rosenblatt’s Reader Response Theory with a variety of other concepts and frameworks related to new literacies, multimodality, learning theory, psychology, and video gaming. This Framework illustrates that every individual has unique experiences, knowledge, skills, agency, self-efficacy, and goals, and these components influence how people interpret and make decisions during video gameplay, which affects how the game unfolds as a unique experience for each gamer. Together these ideas illustrate that no two gamers have the same experience when playing a video game. Understanding video gameplay experiences is important as it represents a dynamic process in which gamers interpret a wide variety of multimodal symbols, experiment and learn in these digital environments, and solve complex problems in order to progress in the game. Conclusion. The Gamer Response and Decision Framework can be used to understand, investigate, and analyze video gameplay experiences and has significant implications for our understanding the thought, decision-making, and learning processes that gamers experience. In the future, researchers in a variety of fields including education, game studies, and game design can use this framework to analyze how people interact with video games.
A Prospective Analysis on Functional Outcomes Following Extended Latissimus Dorsi Flap Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Eyjolfsdottir H. , Haraldsdottir B. , Ragnarsdottir M. , Asgeirsson K. S. 
Published: July 2016

Background: To prospectively assess the functional effect of using the extended latissimus dorsi flap in immediate breast reconstructions. Materials and Methods: A total of 15 consecutive patients undergoing breast reconstruction with extended latissimus dorsi flap participated. Shoulder range of motion, muscle strength, lateral flexion of the torso, and position of scapula were measured pre-operatively and 1, 6, and 12 months post-operatively, in addition to donor-site post-operative complications. Results: At 12 months post-operatively, patients had achieved full range of shoulder movement, when compared to pre-operative values. Lateral flexion of the torso was, however, significantly reduced bilaterally at 1 and 6 months post-operatively (p = 0.001, p = 0.01) and to the not operated side at 12 months (p = 0.01). Muscle strength in flexion–extension–internal rotation was significantly (p = 0.01) reduced on the operated side 12 months post-operatively. All but one patient had numbness around the donor-site scar 12 months post-operatively, 33% had slight adhesions but all were pain free. Conclusion: Although invariably, patients having extended latissimus dorsi flap may expect to achieve full range of shoulder movement, they should be informed of possible functional consequences and the time and effort it takes to recover. Further research is needed to investigate the potential long-term functional implications that extended latissimus dorsi flap may have as a result of changes in the lateral flexion of the torso and scapula position.
Establishing working relationships in online social work
Authors: van de Luitgaarden Guido , van der Tier Michelle 
Published: July 2016

Summary This article reports on an empirical case study into the process of establishing a working relationship between social workers and service users in an online social work service. Workers were using an online chat application to interact with young people, who sought professional help for various types of psychosocial problems. Two chat conversations and one interview of each of five research participants were analysed in terms of the way in which the working relationship between the service user and the online social worker was established. Thus, a total of 10 chat conversations and five interviews were included in this study. Findings Subjects were shown to be particularly focused on the process of addressing the issues with which the service users were trying to cope. As a consequence, limited effort was observed with regard to shaping the working relationship in such a way that the service user gained control over the course of the conversation. Applications As the medium influences the process of establishing a positive working relationship, it is argued that the worker should be able to understand the implications for the manner in which online conversations are conducted. Social work education is called upon to facilitate the acquiring of the knowledge and skills needed for such. It is suggested that more research into service users’ expectations regarding the working relationship within online social work could provide additional insights for the further improvement of these types of services.
Myocardial infarction in intensive care units: A systematic review of diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Carroll Iain , Mount Thomas , Atkinson Dougal 
Published: July 2016

Introduction Patients in the intensive care unit are vulnerable to myocardial injury from a variety of causes, both ischaemic and non-ischaemic. It is challenging for ICU clinicians to apply the conventional guidance concerning diagnosis and treatment. We conducted this review to examine the evidence concerning diagnosis and treatment of myocardial infarction in the ICU. Methods A systematic review was performed to identify relevant studies. Results 19 studies concerning use of ECG, cardiac enzymes, echocardiography and angiography were identified. 4 studies considered treatment of myocardial infarction. Conclusions Regular 12 lead ECG or 12 lead ECG monitoring is more sensitive than 2 lead monitoring, regular measurement of cardiac enzymes is more sensitive than when provoked by symptoms. Coronary angiography rarely identifies treatable lesions, without regional wall motion abnormality on echocardiography. Evidence relating to treatment was limited. A potential strategy to diagnose myocardial infarctions in the ICU is proposed.
Idiopathic Toe Walking
Authors: Pomarino David , Ramírez Llamas Juliana , Pomarino Andrea 
Published: July 2016

Current literature is inconsistent concerning the causes and the frequency of idiopathic toe walking (ITW). Available studies vary widely in their results. The aim of this study is to supply gender-related data particularly regarding the genetic influence on toe walking. Methods. The ITW patterns of 836 children were recorded and analyzed during a period of 4 years. Questionnaires and clinical measurements were evaluated along with clinical tests, assessing the occurrence and severity of toe walking. Information about the incidence of toe-walkers in the family was recorded. Results. Of the 836 toe-walkers, 64% were boys and 42% had a positive family history (PF-TW). About 60% of the PF-TW children had fathers with a positive toe-walking pattern. PF-TW children were on average half a year younger than children with a negative family predisposition (NF-TW). Conclusions. This study shows that a genetic component might be factor in toe walking. PF-TW children were more severely affected in all performed clinical tests than NF-TW children. Levels of Evidence: Prognostic, Level IV
Subtalar Distraction Arthrodesis with Fresh Frozen Femoral Neck Allograft
Authors: Monaco Spencer J. , Brandao Roberto A. , Manway Jeffrey M. , Burns Patrick R. 
Published: July 2016

Subtalar joint distraction arthrodesis has been well reported with use of structural iliac crest or local autologous bone graft for malunited calcaneal fractures. Early reports for structural allograft did not yield good, consistent results, leading to a subsequent lack of recommendation in previous literature. Newer studies have had promising results utilizing femoral allograft as an alternative to autogenous bone graft. We performed a retrospective chart review on 10 patients (12 feet) undergoing subtalar joint distraction arthrodesis with femoral neck allograft for malunited calcaneal fractures. The primary aim of this study was to report on successful union rates and, in addition, outline any consistent complications. Twelve of the 12 procedures (100%) yielded successful fusion with a mean final follow-up of 7.7 months (range = 2.2-35.1 months). The mean increase in talocalcaneal height was 4 mm (range = 2-6 mm). The overall complication rate was 16.6%, including one superficial wound complication that healed uneventfully and one hardware removal. In conclusion, the current study reports a 100% successful fusion rate with interpositional structural femoral neck allograft in treatment for malunited calcaneal fractures. Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level IV: Case series
Volume-based Interval Training Program for Elite Tennis Players
Authors: Myers Natalie L. , Sciascia Aaron D. , Kibler W. Ben , Uhl Tim L. 
Published: July 2016

Background: A sport-specific conditioning program can help tennis players train for competition or return to play from injury. This study determined the actual tennis serve volume in elite play and used these data to construct an interval training program based on stroke volume. Hypothesis: There will be no differences in serve volume between male and female tennis players at the professional and junior levels. Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: Game day statistic scorecards were provided to the research team from the 2013 and 2014 United States Open and the 2014 Metropolia Orange Bowl International Tennis Championships. Serve volume data for both male and female players were extracted from the scorecards. Data included serves per match and per set. These data were used to construct a sport-specific tennis program to meet the demands of the serve. Results: Professional male players serve 63 more serves per match than junior male players because of the greater number of sets played ( P < 0.01). Professional female players serve 10 more serves per match than junior female players playing the same number of sets ( P = 0.01). All male players hit 2 more total serves per set than all female players ( P < 0.01). Regardless of sex, professional players serve 4 more serves per set than junior players ( P < 0.01). The typical number of serves per set was 40 in elite-level tennis players, resulting in a 3:1 ratio of first to second serves. Conclusion: These data establish the “unit dose” of serves per match and/or per set for each group. Clinical Relevance: Coaches and health care providers may use these data in estimating loads per tournament/season and to prepare tennis athletes for individual competition and/or as they return to play after an injury.
Validation of a tool predicting important findings on computed tomography among Crohn’s disease patients
Authors: Govani Shail M , Waljee Akbar K , Kocher Keith E , Swoger Jason M , Saul Melissa , Higgins Peter DR 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundPatients with Crohn’s disease (CD) are frequently subjected to computed tomography (CT) in the emergency department (ED). This young population is at higher risk of malignancy from radiation exposure.ObjectivesWe aimed to validate a decision tool predicting complications (perforation, abscess or other serious finding) on imaging at two sites.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of CT outcomes among patients with CD with ED visits at two tertiary care centers. Inclusion criteria were a CT of the abdomen/pelvis with contrast and complete lab data (erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C‐reactive protein (CRP)) within 24 hours of arrival at the University of Michigan (UM) (2012–2013) and the University of Pittsburgh (UPMC) (2009–2012). Sensitivity, negative predictive value (NPV), miss rate and CT avoidance rate were calculated.ResultsAt UPMC (n  = 210), the tool had a sensitivity of 88.9% and NPV of 98.0%, potentially saving 47.1% from CT with a miss rate of 1.0%. At UM (n  = 248), the tool had a sensitivity of 90.9% and NPV of 96.0%, saving 40.3% from CT with a miss rate of 1.6%.ConclusionA decision tool using CRP and ESR predicting CT outcomes among CD patients performed well in an external validation, allowing providers to forgo CT use with a low miss rate.