bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biflavonoid fraction from Garcinia kola seed ameliorates hormonal imbalance and testicular oxidative damage by anti-tuberculosis drugs in Wistar rats
Authors: Kehinde Aderemi , Adefisan Adedoyin , Adebayo Olayinka , Adaramoye Oluwatosin 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a global health problem. The effects of anti-TB drugs on male reproductive system have not been properly evaluated. We investigated the effects of anti-TB drugs on testicular antioxidant indices, sperm characteristics and hormonal levels in rats, and the protective role of kolaviron (KV), a biflavonoid from Garcinia kola seed.

Methods: Twenty-eight male Wistar rats were assigned into four groups and orally treated with corn oil (control), anti-TB drugs [4-Tabs=isoniazid (5 mg/kg), rifampicin (10 mg/kg), pyrazinamide (15 mg/kg) and ethambutol (15 mg/kg) in combination], anti-TB drugs +KV and KV alone (200 mg/kg). Anti-TB drugs and KV were given three times per week for 8 weeks. In vitro, reducing power, inhibition of lipid peroxidation (LPO), diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radical scavenging effects of KV were examined.

Results: KV at 10, 20, 50 and 100 μg/mL showed strong reducing potential and effectively scavenged DPPH and OH radicals in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, KV significantly inhibited LPO in rats’ liver homogenate. In vivo, administration of 4-Tabs caused a significant (p<0.05) decrease in body weight gain and weight of testis of rats. Body weight gain and weight of testis decreased by 45% and 36%, respectively, in the 4-Tabs-treated rats. Also, 4-Tabs increased testicular lipid peroxidation by 82%, with a concomitant decrease in antioxidant indices. Testicular reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase decreased by 2.2-, 1.9- and 1.6-folds, respectively. Likewise, 4-Tabs markedly decreased sperm count, motility, luteinizing hormone and testosterone. Co-administration of KV with 4-Tabs normalized body weight, enhanced antioxidant system and improved sperm characteristics.

Conclusions: Kolaviron protects male reproductive system from oxidative damage by anti-tuberculosis drugs via the antioxidative mechanism.
One more health benefit of blood donation: reduces acute-phase reactants, oxidants and increases antioxidant capacity
Authors: Yunce Muharrem , Erdamar Husamettin , Bayram Nezihe Asli , Gok Sumeyye 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

Background:
One of the most important problems in finding blood donors is the inadequacy of volunteer number. To overcome this problem, one of the solutions we suggest is innovating new health benefits of blood donation. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of blood donation on oxidative status markers and acute-phase reactants.

Methods:
A total of 96 healthy volunteers were recruited into the study. Blood samples were withdrawn 5 min before and 24 h after the blood donation. Serum nitric oxide, malondialdehyde levels, and activity of superoxide dismutase and myeloperoxidase were measured spectrophotometrically. Serum levels of high-sensitive C-reactive protein and pentraxin-3 as acute-phase reactants were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits.

Results:
We found statistically significant lower pentraxin-3 and high-sensitive C-reactive protein levels and higher superoxide dismutase activity and nitric oxide level 24 h after blood donation in serum of blood donor when compared with before blood donation.

Conclusions:
These findings suggest that blood donation affected oxidative status and acute-phase reactants in donors. Blood donation removes oxidants and decreases oxidative stress by elevating antioxidant enzyme such as superoxide dismutase. This is one more health benefit or reason why we should donate blood. Further large-scale studies should evaluate this mechanism and compare the same effect of wet cupping therapy.
Memetic Algorithm with Constrained Local Search for Large-Scale Global Optimization
Authors: Mehta Shikha 
Published: April 2016

AbstractNature-inspired algorithms are seen as potential tools to solve large-scale global optimization problems. Memetic algorithms (MAs) are nature-inspired techniques based on evolutionary computation. MAs are considered as modified genetic algorithms integrated with a local search mechanism. Conventional MAs perform well for small dimensions; however, their performance starts declining with the increase in dimensions. It is popularly known as the “curse of dimensionality” problem. In order to solve this problem, MA with constrained local search (MACLS) is proposed for single-objective optimization problems. MACLS restricts the local search to be performed after every generation. Controlled local search enhances the optimization capability of the MA. MACLS has been evaluated with respect to GS-MPSO (the latest modification of MA) and MLCC, EPUS-PSO, JDEdynNP-F, MTS, DewSAcc, DMS-PSO, LSEDA-gl, UEP, ALPSEA, classical DE (differential evolution), and real-coded CHC algorithms that participated in the Congress on Evolutionary Computation 2008 competition. The results establish that MACLS significantly outperforms these algorithms in attaining global optima for unimodal and multimodal single-objective optimization problems for small as well as large dimensions.
Shear horizontal surface acoustic waves in a magneto-electro-elastic system
Authors: Eskandari Shahin , Shodja Hossein M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPropagation of shear horizontal surface acoustic waves (SHSAWs) within a functionally graded magneto-electro-elastic (FGMEE) half-space was previously presented (Shodja HM, Eskandari S, Eskandari M. J. Eng. Math. 2015, 1–18) In contrast, the current paper considers propagation of SHSAWs in a medium consisting of an FGMEE layer perfectly bonded to a homogeneous MEE substrate. When the FGMEE layer is described by some special inhomogeneity functions – all the MEE properties have the same variation in depth which may or may not be identical to that of the density – we obtain the exact closed-form solution for the MEE fields. Additionally, certain special inhomogeneity functions with monotonically decreasing bulk shear wave velocity in depth are considered, and the associated boundary value problem is solved using power series solution. This problem in the limit as the layer thickness goes to infinity collapses to an FGMEE half-space with decreasing bulk shear wave velocity in depth. It is shown that in such a medium SHSAW does not propagate. Using power series solution we can afford to consider some FGMEE layers of practical importance, where the composition of the MEE obeys a prescribed volume fraction variation. The dispersive behavior of SHSAWs in the presence of such layers is also examined.
The use of nanoindentation for determining internal lengths and the constitutive response of monument materials: models and experiments
Authors: Konstantinidis Avraam A. , Frantziskonis George , Askes Harm , Aifantis Elias C. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAn alternative interpretation of nanoindentation experimental data and the associated phenomenon of indentation size effect (ISE) is proposed on the basis of a simple gradient elasticity equation, used to account for the development of elastic gradients generated by the geometry characterizing the indenter-specimen system. An application is considered for marble, i.e. a construction/restoration material.
Gradient plasticity used for modeling extrinsic and intrinsic size effects in the torsion of Au microwires
Authors: Wei Xiaokun , Konstantinidis Avraam , Qi Chengzhi , Aifantis Elias 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe gradient plasticity theory proposed by Aifantis and coworkers has been successfully used to model size effect phenomena at the microscale and nanoscale, by introducing into the formulation an internal length scale associated with the phenomenological coefficients of the gradient plasticity model. In this paper, Aifantis’ gradient plasticity theory is applied to model the sample size-dependent torsion of thin wires, with a strain-dependent internal length scale as well as grain size dependence based on the Hall-Petch relationship. This study reveals that internal length scale is related with sample size and grain size, with such a connection determined by the ductility of the material.
Elasto-plastic analysis and finite element simulation of thick-walled functionally graded cylinder subjected to combined pressure and thermal loading
Authors: Alikarami Shahryar , Parvizi Ali 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAn exact analytical elasto-plastic solution for thick-walled cylinder made of functionally graded materials (FGMs) subjected to combined pressure and thermal loading is presented in this paper. It is assumed that the cylinder is bonded at both ends, the material is radially graded and complies with the elastic perfectly plastic behavior. The relations in determining the plastic zone radius as well as the radial, circumferential, longitudinal and effective stresses in both elastic and plastic zones are obtained for any combined loading condition. Moreover, using ABAQUS/Explicit software, the functionally graded (FG) cylinder is simulated in every respect. Comparison of the present theoretical results with those from a finite element simulation illustrates the accuracy of the present analysis.
Dem Kind einen Platz in der Welt geben
Authors: Rost Katharina 
Published: April 2016

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Artikel beschäftigt sich mit Frauen, die in der Schwangerschaft die pränatale Diagnose „Nichtlebensfähigkeit des Kindes“ erhalten haben und die Schwangerschaft fortgesetzt haben. Er nimmt den Zeitraum des Todes und des Abschieds vom Kind nach einer solchen Schwangerschaft in den Blick und liefert wertvolle Hinweise, wie Frauen das erwartete aber befürchtete Sterben des Kindes vorbereiten und was ihnen beim Abschied wichtig ist.
Vorstellung eines adäquaten Verfahrens zur Ermittlung und Verrechnung der Kosten des Liquiditätspuffers bei Kreditinstituten
Authors: Rutsch Jan Christian , Schöning Stephan 
Published: April 2016

Zusammenfassung
Als Reaktion auf die gestiegenen Risiken haben deutsche Banken ihre Liquiditätsreserven seit der Finanzkrise deutlich ausgeweitet, wobei Kassenbestände und Guthaben bei Zentralnotenbanken insbesondere wegen ihrer uneingeschränkten Verfügbarkeit bevorzugte Formen darstellen. Die mit dem Vorhalten von liquiden Mitteln verbundenen Kosten sind aus betriebswirtschaftlichen und bankaufsichtlichen Gründen − bei großen Instituten sogar verpflichtend − mithilfe von Transferpreisen intern verursachungsgerecht zu verrechnen. Da bislang vorgestellte Ansätze gravierende Schwächen aufweisen, wird im vorliegenden Beitrag mit den Cost of Liquidity Buffers (CLB) ein Verfahren entwickelt, um die bankindividuellen Kosten des Liquiditätspuffers zu bestimmen und im Rahmen der Banksteuerung zu berücksichtigen.
Privatrechtliche Konsequenzen unerlaubter Investmentgeschäfte
Authors: Eckhold Thomas 
Published: April 2016

Zusammenfassung
Das KAGB stellt die Erbringung des Investmentgeschäfts unter den Vorbehalt der Erlaubnis oder Registrierung durch die Aufsicht. Der Missachtung dieses Vorbehalts begegnet das KAGB mit aufsichts- und strafrechtlichen Mitteln. Die privatrechtlichen Konsequenzen werden vom KAGB nicht ausdrücklich adressiert. Der Aufarbeitung der sich aus dem Aufsichtsrecht für unerlaubtes Investmentgeschäft ergebenden privatrechtlichen Wirkungen dient die nachstehende Untersuchung.
Revisión sistemática cualitativa del uso de cuestionarios para el diagnóstico de ERGE en pediatría
Authors: Hernández-Pliego RR , Asbun-Bojalil J , Anguiano-Robledo L 
Published: April 2016

INTRODUCCIÓN: el uso de cuestionarios para identificar síntomas de enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico (ERGE) y su aplicación en población pediátrica es limitado, sobre todo en niños menores y lactantes, en los que resulta imposible conocer los síntomas debido a la incapacidad de manifestarlos de manera objetiva. OBJETIVO: realizar una revisión sistemática de la literatura en población pediátrica con sospecha de ERGE, para evaluar el uso de cuestionarios como herramienta diagnóstica para esta enfermedad. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: se realizó una búsqueda exhaustiva de la literatura en diversas bases de datos. La selección de los estudios fue realizada por dos investigadores expertos en el tema. La estrategia de búsqueda estuvo compuesta de las palabras clave: Gastroesophageal Reflux disease, Infant Gastroesophageal Reflux Questionnaire (IGERQ), infant, child, children, questionnaire. La calidad de los estudios fue evaluada con la escala Newcastle-Ottawa. RESULTADOS: con la estrategia de búsqueda realizada fueron seleccionados tres estudios, los cuales utilizaron diferentes cuestionarios en poblaciones distintas: en 2006, Kleinman evaluó la confiabilidad del cuestionario IGER-Q en 185 pacientes menores de 18 meses obteniéndose 0.86 0.87; en 2005, Deal evaluó 64 pacientes de 1-11 meses y 63 pacientes de 1-4 años reportando una sensibilidad de 90 y 85% para cada grupo de edad, respectivamente y especificidad de 83 y 81.5%, respectivamente; y Stordal, en 2005, evaluó 99 pacientes de 7-16 años con una sensibilidad de 75% y especificidad de 96%. CONCLUSIÓN: el uso de los cuestionarios como herramienta diagnóstica de ERGE en pacientes pediátricos es escaso y la evidencia clínica disponible no es suficiente para realizar una recomendación apropiada.
Clínica del hambre en la niñez
Authors: Frenk Silvestre 
Published: April 2016

El séptimo de los diez capítulos de la famosa monografía Maladie de Famine lleva el título "Clinique de la famine chez les enfants". Su autora fue la doctora A. Braude-Heller, médica en jefe del Hospital Bauman-Berson para niños de Varsovia, Polonia, con la colaboración de dos estudiantes de medicina. Maladie de Famine aparece en la renacida ciudad de Varsovia, en el temprano posbélico año de 1946. Quedando así cumplido el compromiso de sus autores: el de llevar a la luz pública el resultado de las “Investigaciones clínicas sobre el hambre, ejecutadas en el gueto de Varsovia en 1942”, según reza el subtítulo de la obra.
Apendicitis epiploica. Causa poco común de abdomen agudo en niños. Presentación de un caso y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Solórzano-Morales SA , Castillo-Rodríguez SA , Laurindo-Mariano de Oliveira G , Arredondo-Villanueva JG , Ridaura-Sanz C 
Published: April 2016

ANTECEDENTE: la apendicitis epiploica es el infarto hemorrágico de un apéndice epiploico cuando existe torsión u ocurre una trombosis espontánea de su drenaje venoso central. Generalmente su diagnóstico es incidental en estudios radiológicos de abdomen que se realizan por otras causas de dolor abdominal. Clínicamente puede simular un cuadro de abdomen agudo, principalmente quirúrgico en niños. Por ello, es importante conocer esta entidad, ya que su diagnóstico correcto hace innecesaria la hospitalización y la cirugía. Por lo general, la apendicitis epiploica se resuelve espontáneamente en cinco a siete días y sólorequiere tratamiento con analgésicos. La mayoría de los casos han sido descritos en pacientes adultos; sin embargo, el caso que presentamos es el segundo diagnosticado en el Instituto Nacional de Pediatría. CASO CLÍNICO: niño de 9 años con diagnóstico clínico presuntivo de apendicitis, se diagnosticó por ultrasonido y tomografía computada como apendicitis epiploica, lo que se corroboró en la pieza anatomopatológica. CONCLUSIONES: nuestro propósito es describir la apendicitis epiploica en niños como causa de abdomen agudo, así como los hallazgos clínicos, ultrasonográficos, de tomografía computada e histopatológicos de esta patología como causa rara de abdomen agudo. Es importante que se conozca el valor de los estudios de imagen de esta entidad a fin de evitar tratamientos invasivos innecesarios.
Histiocitosis de células de Langerhans senescentes. Informe de caso
Authors: Corcuera-Delgado CT , Garza-Elizondo R , González-Flores L , Velasco- Hidalgo L 
Published: April 2016

Se presenta el caso de un niño con histiocitosis de células de Langerhans que inicialmente se diagnosticó erróneamente y se le trató quirúrgicamente sin la evaluación integra del paciente.
PENGGUNAAN BEBERAPA MEDIUM SEMISINTETIK UNTUK PRODUKSI MISELIUM JAMUR MAITAKE (Grifola frondosa (Dickson: Fr.) S. F. Gray) ISOLAT CIANJUR DAN EKSTRAK KASARNYA
Authors: Maharani Maria Mardhitama , Ratnaningtyas Nuniek Ina , Priyanto Slamet 
Published: April 2016

Research on the use of some semisynthetic medium for the production of fungal mycelium Maitake (Grifola frondosa (dickson: Fr.) SF Gray) isolates Cianjur and crude extract was performed with an incubation period of 30 days. This study aimed to determine the ability of green bean, cowpea and maize as an alternative material of semisynthetic medium for manufacturing G. frondosa’s mycelium and and to know the production of G. frondosa’s mycelium and the highest crude extract. This study was experimental study with a completely randomized design consisted of 4 treatments : Yeast Potato Dextrose Broth (PDYB) medium, Green bean Yeast Dextrose Broth (GbDYB) medium, Cowpea Yeast Dextrose Broth (CpDYB) medium and Corn Yeast Dextrose Broth (CDYB) medium. The highest average dry weight of mycelium (1,584 g/100ml) was GbDYB medium. The lowest average dry weight of the mycelium (g/100ml 0.244) was PDYB medium. The weight of the crude extract of mycelium in each treatment was lower than the dry weight. The highest weight of the crude extract was obtained from the GbDYB medium treatment (1,22 g) and the lowest was obtained from PDYB medium (0,113 g). Anova test results of different treatment was very significant, meaning that the use of extract of green bean, cowpea and maize greatly affected the growth of G.frondosa’s mycelium. The LSD test between treatment of PDYB medium and CDYB medium was not significant, meaning that the increase of mycelium’s growth on PDYB medium had no different with the CDYB medium.
Inspection Strategy: Making Pipework Inspection Both Effective and Cost Efficient
Authors: Conder Patricia M , McDonald Kevin I , Stone Mark 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Corrosion models and the laboratory testing they are based on, give a measure of corrosion rate but not the spatial distribution of corrosion. Corrosion risk assessments can include information on areas that are more susceptible to corrosion and can give a measure of the probability of corrosion occurring, but when the corrosion is localized rather than general, they do not indicate whether the corrosion is evenly spaced or clustered or how the corrosion will develop in extent over time. To deliver inspection, which is both effective and efficient, requires an understanding of the spatial distribution of corrosion along with the fraction of wall area affected by corrosion. Historically low level sampling using Manual Ultrasonic Techniques (MUT) has formed the primary basis for inspection of pipework on offshore oil and gas assets. For extensive corrosion, low level sampling can be effective and cost efficient but for less extensive corrosion, higher coverage is required to reliably reflect the nature of the corrosion.
Simulation of different spatial and depth distributions of corrosion, to reflect a range of base case scenarios, have been carried out in conjunction with simulations of different inspection strategies. Metrics have been developed to compare the effectiveness of different inspection strategies. This paper discusses the aims of inspection and how efficient and cost effective the different inspection strategies, such as sampling or screening, are in meeting these aims. A range of different corrosion base cases including general uniform, random localized and preferential locations will be examined in relation to the most appropriate inspection strategy, defined primarily in terms of coverage. Recognizing these different corrosion cases from previous inspection results and the optimum time to change inspection strategy will also be covered. This paper quantifies the relationship between spatial distribution of corrosion in pipework and the effectiveness of different inspection strategies.
Case Study: Comparison of Microbial Monitoring Techniques Used in the Field and How Their Complementarity Can be Harnessed to Build a Full Picture of the Microbial Life in the Field
Authors: Shaw M. P. , Hoffmann H. , Horne M. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Over the past decades, a suite of microbiological and molecular methods has become available to the oil and gas industry to gauge the adverse effect of microbes in installations. A significant challenge exists to compare the output of the different techniques and interpret results to best effect.
In this case study field samples have been collected and analyzed from offshore and onshore oil and gas facilities. While some analysis was conducted in the field, other techniques required sample preservation for laboratory-based analysis at other locations. Samples underwent a range of different monitoring techniques: Single Series Dilution (SSD), ATP measurement, qPCR analysis, and 454 pyrosequencing, a next-generation sequencing (NGS) technique.
The problems in oil and gas facilities caused by microbial growth are well known, risking efficiency, production and revenue. Suitable analysis of industry infrastructure is important in order to understand the health of the system and to appropriately apply suitable mitigation. The case study aims to illustrate how these analyses can be used complementarily.
In this paper the results of the different analyses are outlined, illustrated with particular examples. These results are used to build a comprehensive picture of the health of different areas of the facilities. Furthermore, the relative advantages and disadvantages of these techniques are reviewed, illustrated with first-hand field data from the field, comparing the benefits and limitations of the techniques and how they might work in a complementary way. In addition data will be used to illustrate how resources can be targeted in order to maximize efficiency and effectiveness and minimize costs. The results from a selection of different samples types (planktonic, sessile) are discussed in this paper.