bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sequential Synthesis of Organosilicon‐Linked 2‐Methoxypyridines by Non‐Cryogenic ortho‐Metallation Using the nBu2TMPMg·Li Reagent and Hydrosilylation
Authors: Struk Łukasz , Sośnicki Jacek G. , Idzik Tomasz J. , Maciejewska Gabriela 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe non‐cryogenic synthesis of 5/6‐ and/or 3‐silyl‐functionalised 2‐methoxypyridines by a 5‐Br/Mg exchange process using nBu2iPrMg Li and LiCl and involving C‐3 metallation using a novel nBu2TMPMg Li reagent is described. Furthermore, the usefulness of nBu2TMPMg Li in the functionalisation of 2‐methoxypyridine at the 3‐position with a wide range of electrophiles was successfully tested. The above achievements have allowed the construction of organosilicon‐linked 2‐methoxypyridines composed of two, three and four rings by the hydrosilylation of 5‐ and/or 3‐SiH(or alkenyl) derivatives using the hitherto rarely applied [Pt(cod)Me2] catalyst. Additionally, the synthesis of a one‐chain oligomer consisting of eight 2‐methoxypyridines obtained by the hydrosilylation/polymerisation approach, followed by protodesilylation of the SiHMe2 group was also achieved by manipulating the amount of catalyst in the reactions.
Neonatal developmental care in infant pain management and internalizing behaviours at 18 months in prematurely born children
Authors: Montirosso R. , Casini E. , Del Prete A. , Zanini R. , Bellù R. , Borgatti R. ,   NEO‐ACQUA Study Group
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundVery preterm infants are exposed to adverse stressful experiences, which may result in long‐term behavioural outcomes. The developmental care practices, including pain management and environmental support, can minimize the effects of stress exposure. However, developmental care quality levels may vary among Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs) and little is known about how differences in developmental care quality affect long‐term behavioural outcomes. The aim of this study was to examine the relation between quality levels NICUs developmental care and behaviour problems at 18 months corrected age in preterm children.MethodsThe behaviour of 134 preterm children from 22 NICUs and 123 full‐term controls was examined using the questionnaire Child Behaviour Checklist 1½–5. We compared the behavioural profile of children by splitting NICUs into units with high‐ and low quality of developmental care according to two main care factors: (1) infant centered care (ICC) index, and (2) infant pain management (IPM) index.ResultsPreterm children from low‐care units in IPM group reported higher scores in Internalizing Problems, compared to children from high‐care units. No differences were found between preterm children from high‐care in IPM and full‐term children. No significant IPM effect was found for externalizing problems. No significant ICC effect emerged both for internalizing and externalizing problems.ConclusionsFindings suggest that higher quality of developmental care related to infant pain management can mitigate behavioural problems at 18 months in children born preterm, to such an extent that preterm children exhibit a behavioural profile similar to that displayed by full‐term children.
Non‐parametric combination and related permutation tests for neuroimaging
Authors: Winkler Anderson M. , Webster Matthew A. , Brooks Jonathan C. , Tracey Irene , Smith Stephen M. , Nichols Thomas E. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn this work, we show how permutation methods can be applied to combination analyses such as those that include multiple imaging modalities, multiple data acquisitions of the same modality, or simply multiple hypotheses on the same data. Using the well‐known definition of union‐intersection tests and closed testing procedures, we use synchronized permutations to correct for such multiplicity of tests, allowing flexibility to integrate imaging data with different spatial resolutions, surface and/or volume‐based representations of the brain, including non‐imaging data. For the problem of joint inference, we propose and evaluate a modification of the recently introduced non‐parametric combination (NPC) methodology, such that instead of a two‐phase algorithm and large data storage requirements, the inference can be performed in a single phase, with reasonable computational demands. The method compares favorably to classical multivariate tests (such as MANCOVA), even when the latter is assessed using permutations. We also evaluate, in the context of permutation tests, various combining methods that have been proposed in the past decades, and identify those that provide the best control over error rate and power across a range of situations. We show that one of these, the method of Tippett, provides a link between correction for the multiplicity of tests and their combination. Finally, we discuss how the correction can solve certain problems of multiple comparisons in one‐way ANOVA designs, and how the combination is distinguished from conjunctions, even though both can be assessed using permutation tests. We also provide a common algorithm that accommodates combination and correction.Hum Brain Mapp 37:1486‐1511, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Classification of vocal fold leukoplakia by clinical scoring
Authors: Fang Tuan‐Jen , Lin Wan‐Ni , Lee Li‐Yu , Young Chi‐Kuang , Lee Li‐Ang , Chang Kai‐Ping , Liao Chun‐Ta , Li Hseuh‐Yu , Yen Tzu‐Chen 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundVocal cord leukoplakia comprises a variety of lesions. The purpose of this study was to stratify vocal leukoplakias before surgery.MethodsPatients with an initial diagnosis of vocal leukoplakia who underwent surgical excision at a tertiary referral center in Taiwan were recruited for this study. Their clinical records, including age, sex, preoperative laryngoscopic images in the office setting, and final pathology reports were collected and analyzed.ResultsPatient age (p= .010), nonhomogenous lesion texture (p= .001), and existence of hyperemia (p= .014) were identified as independent factors predicting malignancy. A predictive formula was established accordingly. The model showed an excellent discrimination role by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis (area under the curve = 0.86;p< .001).ConclusionThis study confirmed the value of a scoring system based on laryngoscopic characteristics and patient age for predicting the histologic results in vocal leukoplakia. It is helpful for classifying vocal leukoplakia and pretreatment planning. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Head Neck38: E1998–E2003, 2016
Autophagy and 3-Phosphoinositide-Dependent Kinase 1 (PDK1)-Related Kinome in Pagetic Osteoclasts
Authors: McManus Stephen , Bisson Martine , Chamberland Richard , Roy Michèle , Nazari Shekeba , Roux Sophie 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT

In Paget's disease of bone (PDB), a major contributory factor are osteoclasts (OCs) that are larger, more numerous, resistant to apoptosis, and hyperactive. The aim of this human in vitro study was to identify kinase cascades involved in the OC phenotype and to determine their impact on downstream processes. Basal phosphorylation levels of Akt and ERK were found to be elevated in PDB OCs. Given our previous findings that 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1) associates with the crucial adaptor p62 in OCs, we hypothesized that PDK1 may play an important role in OC-related kinome regulation. The increased phosphorylation of Akt and its substrate GSK3β observed in PDB OCs was reduced significantly upon PDK1 inhibition, as well as that of 4EBP1 and Raptor. This suggests a PDK1/Akt-dependent activation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) in PDB OCs. The resistance to apoptosis and the bone resorption were also overcome upon PDK1 inhibition. Studying autophagy by LC3B expression, we found a less inducible autophagy compared with control cells, which was reversed by PDK1 inhibition. In addition, PBD OCs exhibited higher LC3B-II/LC3B-I ratios and numbers of p62 and LC3B puncta per OC area, which did not further increase in the presence of lysosomal protease inhibitors, suggesting an accumulation of non-degradative autophagosomes. Together these results indicate a strong potential regulatory role for PDK1 in OC stimulatory pathways (Akt, ERK) and autophagy induction (via mTORC1), which may contribute to the OC phenotype in PDB. We also identified defects in late autophagosome maturation in these cells, the mechanism of which remains to be determined. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Delaunay–Voronoi surface integration: a full‐wave electromagnetics discretization for electronic device simulation
Authors: Miller N. C. , Albrecht J. D. , Grupen M. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryA promising time domain electromagnetics numerical method for treating the highly nonlinear problem of charge transport in electronic devices called Delaunay–Voronoi surface integration is presented. This method couples the rotational electric and magnetic fields governed by Ampere's and Faraday's laws with the electrostatic potential dictated by Poisson's equation in a simultaneous solution. Discretization of the governing equations using dual meshes and the relevant boundary conditions are presented. The engineering application details specific to electronic device simulation are treated, and an example calculation is shown to compare with an analytical solution for propagation in a waveguide. Benchmark results are presented for the rotational equations, Poisson's equation, and the complete set of electromagnetic equations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spinal metastasectomy of renal cell carcinoma: A 16‐year single center experience with a minimum 3‐year follow‐up
Authors: Kato Satoshi , Murakami Hideki , Demura Satoru , Nambu Koshi , Fujimaki Yoshiyasu , Yoshioka Katsuhito , Kawahara Norio , Tomita Katsuro , Tsuchiya Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2016

Background and ObjectivesMetastasectomy of spinal lesions from renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a promising strategy. However, its clinical outcome after spinal metastasectomy is unknown owing to the difficulty of curative surgical resection. This is the first study to examine the survival rates of patients who underwent metastasectomy of solitary spinal metastases from RCC.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of 36 consecutive patients with RCC who underwent nephrectomy and complete removal of solitary spinal lesions between 1995 and 2010 at our institution. Cancer‐specific survival (CSS) time from the spinal metastasectomy to death or last follow‐up was the main endpoint. Potential factors associated with survival were evaluated with Kaplan–Meier analysis and the long‐rank test.ResultsFor all patients, the estimated median CSS time was 130 months. The 3, 5, and 10‐year CSS rates were 77.8%, 69.1%, and 58.0%, respectively, for all patients, and 72.7%, 54.5%, and 27.3%, respectively, for patients with lung metastases at the time of surgery. Only the presence of liver metastases was significantly associated with short‐term survival after spinal metastasectomy.ConclusionsLiver metastases were associated with short‐term survival, although lung metastases were not. For selected patients, curative resection of solitary spinal metastases can potentially prolong survival. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;113:587–592. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Role of PET CT scan in redefining treatment of incidental gall bladder carcinoma
Authors: Goel Mahesh , Tamhankar Anup , Rangarajan Venkatesh , Patkar Shraddha , Ramadwar Mukta , Shrikhande Shailesh V. 
Published: February 2016

IntroductionIncidental diagnosis of gall bladder cancer is increasing. The role of PET‐CT in modifying the extent of surgery and adjuvant treatment is still unclear. We have evaluated the same in this study.MethodsThis is a prospective audit of gall bladder cancer from Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India. Patients found non‐metastatic on initial imaging underwent laparotomy for revision surgery.ResultsOne hundred and eight patients had a PET‐CT scan done before revision surgery. Median duration of PET‐CT from primary surgery was 42 days. PET scan of 64 (59.3%) patients had no uptake in body (N‐PET). Rest had loco‐regional uptake (L‐PET). N‐PET patients had lesser residual disease than L‐PET patients (23% vs. 52%; P = 0.004). N‐PET pT1b patients had no residual disease as compared to L‐PET patients (0% vs. 33%, P = 0.028). pT1b patients did not have residual disease in liver wedge irrespective of PET status. Majority of the recurrences were distant and happened in pT2 patients. RFS was longer in N‐PET than L‐PET patients (P = 0.09) and in pT1b patients than pT2 and pT3 (P = 0.006). OS was longer in pT1b patients than pT2 patients (P = 0.038).ConclusionsPET‐CT scan is useful to stratify patients with incidentally diagnosed gall bladder cancer for effective treatment. Liver wedge resection may be avoided in all pT1b patients. PET negative pT1b patients may be observed as chance of relapse is low. There may be a role for giving chemotherapy to all pT2 patients as they have high chance of recurrence and nodal metastases. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;113:652–658. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Borderline Particles: Approaching the Limit between Colloidal Stability and Instability during Heterophase Polymerization
Authors: Yu Ran , Peh Eddie , Mavliutova Liliia , Weber Nancy , Tauer Klaus 
Published: February 2016

Multiple suspension particles — a new morphology of polymer particles — are generated on the verge of colloidal stability in the course of redox‐initiated aqueous heterophase copolymerization. These particles consist of block copolymers which are arranged in the form of a micrometer‐sized poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) physical network as scaffold containing nanometer‐sized particles of hydrophobic polymers covalently attached.
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Synthesis and Thermal Characterization of Precision Poly(p‐cyclohexylene alkylene)s via Acyclic Diene Metathesis Polycondensation
Authors: da Silva Lucas Caire , Wagener Kenneth B. 
Published: February 2016

The synthesis and thermal characterization of poly(p‐cyclohexylene alkylene)s (PPCs) is described. Polymers containing 1,4‐cyclohexylene units on every 15th, 19th, and 21st chain carbon are prepared by the acyclic diene metathesis polycondensation of symmetric α,ω‐dienes obtained from the α‐alkylation of cyclohexane‐1,4‐dicarbonitrile. Exhaustive hydrogenation of the unsaturated polymers yields fully cycloaliphatic polymers with excellent resistance to thermal degradation. The thermal analysis of the unsaturated and saturated materials reveals a strong influence of the cis‐alkene and cis‐1,4‐cyclohexylene on the final thermal properties of each material. PPC exhibits higher melting temperature and thermal stability than similar materials, in which the aliphatic ring is replaced by aromatic rings or short chain branches. The melting behavior is discussed in terms of the higher flexibility and enhanced intermolecular packing of the symmetrical 1,4‐cyclohexylene units incorporated within the chain.
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Toxin MqsR cleaves single‐stranded mRNA with various 5' ends
Authors: Chowdhury Nityananda , Kwan Brian W. , McGibbon Louise C. , Babitzke Paul , Wood Thomas K. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractToxin/antitoxin (TA) systems are the means by which bacterial cells become persistent; that is, those cells that are tolerant to multiple environmental stresses such as antibiotics by becoming metabolically dormant. These persister cells are responsible for recalcitrant infections. Once toxins are activated by the inactivation of antitoxins (e.g., stress‐triggered Lon degradation of the antitoxin), many toxins reduce metabolism by inhibiting translation (e.g., cleaving mRNA, reducing ATP). The MqsR/MqsA TA system of Escherichia coli cleaves mRNA to help the cell withstand oxidative and bile acid stress. Here, we investigated the role of secondary structure and 5′ mRNA processing on MqsR degradation of mRNA and found that MqsR cleaves only single‐stranded RNA at 5′‐GCU sites and that MqsR is equally active against RNA with 5′‐triphosphate, 5′‐monophosphate, and 5′‐hydroxyl groups.
Generic applications of 13C‐detected NMR diffusion to formulated systems with suppression of thermal convection induced by proton decoupling
Authors: Hou Jianbo , He Yiyong , Sabatino Paolo , Yuan Ling , Redwine David 
Published: February 2016

AbstractFast and effective structural/compositional analysis on formulated systems represents one of the major challenges encountered in analytical science. 13C‐detected diffusion represents a promising tool to tackle the aforementioned challenges, particularly in industry. Toward exploring the generic applications of 13C‐detected diffusion, thermal convection induced by 1H decoupling has been identified as a key factor that resulted in significantly reduced resolution in the diffusion dimension. Optimization of experimental parameters and utilization of double‐stimulated echo‐based pulse sequence both can effectively suppress the thermal convection caused by the 1H decoupling, the success of which allows robust and generic applications of 13C‐detected diffusion to systems from mixtures of small molecules, polymer blends, and copolymers to actual complex formulated systems. The method is particularly powerful in differentiating small molecules from polymers, polymer blends from copolymers, and end‐group analysis. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterisation of confinement effect on jointed rock pillars using a Synthetic Rock Mass approach
Authors: Zhang Y. , Zhao X. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryConfinement effect on jointed rock pillars is numerically characterised in this research using a Synthetic Rock Mass (SRM) approach. The SRM is an integrated model incorporating a discrete fracture network within a Particle Flow Code 3D particle assembly. In this paper, the confinement effect on a 3D jointed pillar SRM model is investigated in a series of simulations, including biaxial compression tests and true and conventional triaxial compression tests. The numerical results suggest that the applied confining stresses generally result in higher pillar strengths and ductile post‐peak responses. More brittle post‐peak behaviour is simulated in the biaxial and true triaxial tests when the pillar is confined by a high stress in one lateral direction and by a zero/low stress in the other lateral direction. This phenomenon is attributed to significant lateral pillar dilation in the less confined direction. Detailed pillar failure modes are monitored in the uniaxial and triaxial tests. Axial splitting fractures and long shear zones cutting through the pillar are simulated when the pillar is able to dilate in the direction of least confinement. Localised shearing along joints and failed rock blocks is the dominant failure mode when the pillar dilation is resisted by the applied confining stresses. The pillar remains relatively intact with limited cracking in the pillar core in the highly confined triaxial tests. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Higher augmentation index is associated with tension‐type headache and migraine in middle‐aged/older humans with obesity
Authors: Kalil Graziela Z. , Recober Ana , Hoang‐Tienor Ann , Bridget Zimmerman Miriam , Haynes William G. , Pierce Gary L. 
Published: February 2016

ObjectiveObesity is a major risk factor for chronic daily headaches, including migraine and tension‐type headache (TTH). Although migraine is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), a relation between TTH and CVD risk has not been established. It was hypothesized that higher carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity (CFPWV) and augmentation index (AI), measures of aortic stiffness and pressure wave reflection, respectively, and biomarkers of CVD risk, would be higher among adults with obesity and migraine or TTH compared with those with no headache.MethodsAdults with obesity (n = 93; body mass index ≥30 kg/m2) who were between 40 and 75 years old with at least one additional CVD risk factor were enrolled. Subjects had CFPWV and AI assessed and a complete neurological exam for diagnosis of headache in the past 12 months.ResultsAdults with obesity and TTH (P = 0.018), but not migraine (P = 0.29), had significantly higher AI compared with those with no headache. When both CFPWV and AI were considered in a logistic regression model with migraine or TTH, only AI was associated with TTH (P = 0.008) and migraine (P = 0.032) but could not distinguish between the two headache phenotypes.ConclusionsIncreased aortic AI but not stiffness is associated with TTH and migraine among middle‐aged/older adults with obesity and high CVD risk.
Physical Therapy Treatment of Impaired Chest Mobility in Patients with Airway Sensory Hyperreactivity
Authors: Johansson Ewa‐Lena , Ternestén‐Hasseus Ewa , Olsén Monika Fagevik , Millqvist Eva 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackground and PurposeIn sensory hyperreactivity (SHR), patients have symptoms from the airways and the chest induced by environmental irritants like scenting products and cigarette smoke. They are characterized by increased cough reaction to inhaled capsaicin compared with healthy controls. Lung function tests are normal, and asthma medications have no or little effect. In a recent published article, patients with SHR were found to have impaired chest mobility and increased pain sensitivity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate if a physiotherapeutic intervention can increase chest mobility in SHR, influence these patients' symptoms and reduce capsaicin cough sensitivity.MethodsForty‐one SHR patients were initially randomized in to groups, one for training and one for symptom registration in this controlled training study. It consisted of a daily training programme containing simple movements to increase the flexibility of the chest, a breathing exercise and a relaxation session as well as symptom registration. Chest expansion was measured with a measuring tape and thoracic and abdominal movement with light sensors. Pain sensitivity was assessed using pressure algometry and a standardized capsaicin inhalation threshold provocation‐evaluated cough sensitivity.ResultsTwenty seven patients were left for analyses after 12 weeks and 26 patients after 24 weeks. Chest mobility and upper thoracic respiratory movements improved (p < 0.01), feeling of chest pressure and the capsaicin cough sensitivity decreased (p < 0.01). The patients also showed of significantly lowered pain pressure thresholds measured with algometry, compared with healthy controls (p < 0.001).ConclusionImprovement of chest mobility after physiotherapeutic intervention indicates that these patients may have acquired a dysfunctional breathing pattern. The regular use of a training programme and structural breathing instructions can be used to improve chest mobility, chest symptoms and capsaicin cough sensitivity in patients with SHR and signs of dysfunctional breathing. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two new message authentication codes based on APN functions and stream ciphers
Authors: Wu Teng , Gong Guang 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAfter the concept of the active wiretapper was proposed, integrity protection became more important than ever before. Therefore, message authentication code, a method that protects the message from being modified in an undetectable way, attracts more attention nowadays. In this paper, we propose two new message authentication codes based on almost perfect nonlinear functions and stream ciphers. The security of both new constructions is proved by giving upper bounds of the probability of the successful substitution forgery attacks against our new message authentication codes, and these upper bounds are negligible. We implement our algorithms and compare their time consumption with the time consumption of EIA1, the message authentication code used in the 4G LTE system. The results show that our algorithms are overwhelmingly faster than EIA1. Moreover, our new constructions are resistant to cycling and linear forgery attacks, which can be applied to EIA1. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.