bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
International Educational Interactions and Students’ Critical Consciousness: A Pilot Study
Authors: Aldrich Rebecca M. , Grajo Lenin C. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Online technologies facilitate connections between students around the world, but their impact on occupational science and occupational therapy students’ critical consciousness about culture is underexplored. In this article we present research on five groups of occupational science and occupational therapy students across two cohorts at one Midwestern university. We used a pretest–posttest group design and the Multicultural Experiences Questionnaire to investigate the potential influence of students’ exposure to international educational interactions on their multicultural experiences and desires. Of 157 students surveyed, those who experienced the greatest number of international educational interactions demonstrated statistically significant increases in their desire to become acquainted with other people of different backgrounds and to explore their own prejudices and biases. Given the transformative potential of international educational interactions, future research must assess the ways in which such interactions affect critical cultural consciousness apart from other educational content and design.
Carcass and meat quality characteristics of lambs reared in different seasons
Authors: Yalcintan Hulya , Ekiz Bulent , Kocak Omur , Dogan Nursen , Akin P. Dilara , Yilmaz Alper 
Published: July 2017

Abstract. Thirty-six Kivircik male lambs were used to determine the effects of rearing season (winter rearing – WR; spring–summer rearing – SSR; and autumn rearing – AR) on carcass and meat quality characteristics. Average daily gain in the period 0–134 days, final weight, cold carcass weight and real dressing percentage were higher in WR lambs than lambs from SSR and AR groups. Furthermore, SSR and AR lambs did not show significant differences for these traits (P  >  0.05). WR lambs had the highest values in terms of back fat thickness, subjective carcass fatness score and fat percentage in pelvic limb, which gives information about the carcass fatness. Final meat pH, expressed juice and meat lightness 1 h after cutting were higher for SSR lambs than for WR and AR lambs. SSR lambs had the lowest scores in terms of flavour intensity, flavour quality and overall acceptability in the sensory evaluation panel. In conclusion, WR lambs yielded better carcass quality than SSR and AR lambs. When the rearing season is to be decided, the higher carcass quality of WR lambs and the lesser appreciation of meat of SSR lambs by consumers should be considered.
African Philosophy Reconsidered: Africa, Religion, Race, and Philosophy
Authors: Ogunnaike Oludamini 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The still-nascent academic discipline of African philosophy has spent most of its energy and ink wrestling with issues of authenticity (what makes it “African”) and validity (what makes it “philosophy”). In this article, I argue for a reconsideration of these categories—“African” and “philosophy”—by tracing the closely related history of their development. Then, on the basis of this genealogy and after critiquing some of the most influential academic attempts to engage with African religious/intellectual traditions (by Evans-Pritchard, Horton, Wiredu, Appiah, Hountondji, and Mudimbe), I propose an alternative framework for approaching and understanding the intellectual traditions of the continent. Drawing on Pierre Hadot's work on ancient philosophy, I argue that the vast majority of religious/intellectual traditions in Africa are better described by the “philosophy as a way of life” paradigm exemplified by the ancient Greeks and Neoplatonists than the “philosophy as written, rational discourse” model of the Enlightenment. I conclude by exploring the implications of this reconsideration of “African philosophy” for our academic approach to African religious/intellectual traditions, theory, and methodology in the social sciences and humanities, and our understandings of race, rationality, progress, and development.
How Can We Sing King Alpha's Song in a Strange Land? The Sacred Music of the Boboshanti Rastafari
Authors: Merritt Anthony 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
This paper explores the sacred music of the Boboshanti, a Rastafari order founded in Jamaica in 1958. The music of the Boboshanti—its drumming, chanting, and singing—is similar to that of the more well-known Nyahbinghi Order with which most researchers of Rastafari are familiar, but it has its own distinct and unique characteristics. The focus of this contribution will be twofold. First, as enumerated by Ikael Tafari in Rastafari in Transition (2001), the drumming will be contextualized as a cultural trilectic that incorporates the three geopolitical dimensions of Ethiopia, continental Africa, and the Caribbean/American diaspora. Second, and unique to this order, the individual and congregational chanting, coupled with the structured hymnody and singing, is explored and delineated as Garvey's ontological viewing of the Godhead “through the spectacles of Ethiopia” (Philosophy and Opinions of Marcus Garvey 44, 1923).
The Horrifying Sacred: Hip-Hop, Blackness, and the Figure of the Monster
Authors: Winters Joseph 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
In this article, I examine the intersection of two trajectories of thought and practice regarding the relationship between the sacred and the monstrous. One trajectory includes authors like George Bataille who, contrary to those who define the sacred in terms of purity and order, associate the sacred with those forces and energies that can be horrifying and anguish-filled. The other trajectory includes Black authors and artists like Christina Sharpe who have responded to a white supremacist legacy of associating Black bodies with the monstrous, with excessive flesh, with that space between the human and the animal. Black bodies have traditionally been marked as “matter out of place,” as that dirt that resists form (like the monster). In this essay, I look at Black music, particularly hip-hop and reggae, as a space where the relationship between the monster figure and monstrosity is reexpressed and visualized.
Criminaliteit en criminologie in een gedigitaliseerde wereld
Authors: van Erp Judith , Stol Wouter , van Wilsem Johan 
Published: July 2017

Crime and criminology in a digital world
This special issue introduces the topic of cybercrime to Dutch criminology. First, it raises the major substantive issues that computer technology involves for criminology, in terms of crime volume, people involved in crime, and the ways that crimes are committed. Also, it deals with research literature on cybercrime on various topics, such as survey methodology, crime prevention and Internet applications open to justice professionals in the fight against crime. Overall, the article concludes that much research remains to be done in this relatively new field.
Verschillen crackers van andere criminelen?
Authors: Ruiter Stijn , Bernaards Frank 
Published: July 2017

Do crackers differ from other criminals? A comparison based on Dutch criminal suspect records
Scientific research on cybercrime has mainly focused on its technological aspects. There is a lack of knowledge regarding the human factor in cybercrime. In this article we focus on the human factor and address the question to what extent crackers (criminal hackers) are similar to other criminals. We analyse socio-demographic characteristics as well as criminal careers of crackers in comparison to those of other criminals. We employ Dutch police data on criminal suspects from 1996-2009. Our results show that hacking suspects are quite similar to other criminals with respect to both socio-demographic characteristics and their criminal careers.
Bones, blood and steel: How bioelectrical impedance analysis is affected by hip fracture and surgical implants
Authors: Steihaug Ole Martin , Bogen Bård , Kristoffersen Målfrid Holen , Ranhoff Anette Hylen 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Introduction
Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is in widespread use, but there is uncertainty about its validity in patients with metal implants or after acute hip fracture and surgery. We aimed to investigate the use of single frequency tetrapolar BIA in patients with hip fracture by answering the following questions: 1) Are BIA measurements affected by recent hip fracture and surgical repair? 2) Are BIA measurements affected by the presence of metal implants used in hip fracture surgery?

Setting
Two hospitals in Bergen, Norway.

Participants
A convenience sample of 203 acute hip fracture patients.

Methods
Participants had their body composition measured by single frequency, tetrapolar BIA on the fractured and unfractured side of the body in the immediate postoperative period and at follow-up three months after hip fracture. Measurements from fractured and unfractured side and measurements in hospital and at follow-up were compared. BIA readings for hips treated with cannulated screws, compression hip screw and hip arthroplasty were compared.

Results
Resistance was lower on the side of the fractured hip compared to the unfractured side postoperatively, but not at follow-up. BIA readings did not differ by type of surgical implant.

Conclusion
Recent fracture and surgery influences single frequency tetrapolar BIA resistance. The presence of surgical implants in the hip do not affect BIA measurements. If BIA is used in acute hip fracture patients, the contralateral side to the fracture should be measured.
De la planification stratégique régionale à la prospective en Outaouais : la difficile construction d’un nouveau rapport au temps
Authors: ROBITAILLE Martin , CHIASSON Guy , GAUTHIER Mario 
Published: July 2017

À partir d’une analyse du cas Prospective Outaouais 2030, nous nous interrogeons sur les possibilités et les défis de la prospective dans le contexte d’une région dominée par une culture de planification stratégique régionale. Nous montrons tout d’abord que la planification stratégique et la prospective se démarquent sur le plan du rapport au temps : si la première privilégie des pratiques proches de l’action et inscrites dans le court terme, la seconde invite les acteurs du développement à se projeter à plus long terme. Ensuite, nous présentons les divers moments de la démarche suivie pour développer un exercice de prospective et une capacité de prise en compte du temps long dans la région de l’Outaouais. L’analyse de ces divers moments montre que la greffe d’une méthode prospective dans un terreau de planification stratégique régionale, même si elle est confrontée à des résistances, permet aussi d’ouvrir un dialogue et un espace de négociation en vue de construire, avec les acteurs, des scénarios inscrits dans le long terme sur la base d’une image partagée du territoire.
Potential wound healing activity of Quercus infectoria formulation in diabetic rats
Authors: Chokpaisarn Julalak , Chusri Sasitorn , Amnuaikit Thanaporn , Udomuksorn Wandee , Voravuthikunchai Supayang Piyawan 
Published: July 2017

Background
Quercus infectoria G. Olivier (Fagaceae) nutgalls have been widely employed in traditional Asian medicine for several treatments, especially wounds and skin disorders. However, the effects of this plant on wound healing have not yet been clearly elucidated. This present work was focused on utilization of Quercus infectoria (Qi) as a topical agent for chronic wound treatment.

Methods
Twenty Qi formulations (QiFs) were pharmaceutically formulated and antibacterial activity of all formulations was performed. The best formulation based on an antibacterial activity was selected for evaluation of wound healing property. Total phenolics, total flavonoids, and an anti-oxidant activity of the selected formulation were also investigated. Wound healing activity was assessed in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and control rats. Streptozotocin injection (50 mg/kg) was found to induce marked hyperglycaemia, compared with citrate-injected controls. Two wounds were created on the upper back of each animal. QiF was topically applied three days after wounding to one of the duplicate wounds on each animal and physiological saline (control) was applied to the other. All wounds were cleaned once a day until wound closure.

Results
QiF10, which exhibited antibacterial and anti-oxidant activities, had the ability to enhance the wound healing process in diabetic rats with abundant cellular infiltration, collagen deposition, and re-epithelialization when compared with the control.

Discussion
This study suggested that QiF10 could be a novel alternative treatment for diabetic wounds.
Temporal variability in the importance of hydrologic, biotic, and climatic descriptors of dissolved oxygen dynamics in a shallow tidal‐marsh creek
Authors: Nelson Natalie G. , Muñoz‐Carpena Rafael , Neale Patrick J. , Tzortziou Maria , Megonigal J. Patrick 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDue to strong abiotic forcing, dissolved oxygen (DO) in shallow tidal creeks often disobeys the conventional explanation of general aquatic DO cycling as biologically regulated. In the present work, we seek to quantify the relative importance of abiotic (hydrologic and climatic), and biotic (primary productivity as represented by chlorophyll‐a) descriptors of tidal creek DO. By fitting multiple linear regression models of DO to hourly chlorophyll‐a, water quality, hydrology, and weather data collected in a tidal creek of a Chesapeake Bay marsh (Maryland, USA), temporal shifts (summer‐early winter) in the relative importance of tidal creek DO descriptors were uncovered. Moreover, this analysis identified an alternative approach to evaluating tidal stage as a driver of DO by dividing stage into two DO‐relevant variables: stage above and below bankfull depth. Within the hydrologic variable class, stage below bankfull depth dominated as an important descriptor, thus highlighting the role of pore water drainage and mixing as influential processes forcing tidal creek DO. Study findings suggest that tidal creek DO dynamics are explained by a balance of hydrologic, climatic, and biotic descriptors during warmer seasons due to many of these variables (i.e., chlorophyll‐a, water temperature) acting as tracers of estuarine‐marsh water mixing; conversely, in early winter months when estuarine and marsh waters differ less distinctly, hydrologic variables increase in relative importance as descriptors of tidal creek DO. These findings underline important distinctions in the underlying mechanisms dictating DO variability in shallow tidal marsh‐creek environments relative to open water estuarine systems.
Oceanic nitrogen cycling and N2O flux perturbations in the Anthropocene
Authors: Landolfi A. , Somes C. J. , Koeve W. , Zamora L. M. , Oschlies A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThere is currently no consensus on how humans are affecting the marine nitrogen (N) cycle, which limits marine biological production and CO2 uptake. Anthropogenic changes in ocean warming, deoxygenation, and atmospheric N deposition can all individually affect the marine N cycle and the oceanic production of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O). However, the combined effect of these perturbations on marine N cycling, ocean productivity, and marine N2O production is poorly understood. Here we use an Earth system model of intermediate complexity to investigate the combined effects of estimated 21st century CO2 atmospheric forcing and atmospheric N deposition. Our simulations suggest that anthropogenic perturbations cause only a small imbalance to the N cycle relative to preindustrial conditions (∼+5 Tg N y−1 in 2100). More N loss from water column denitrification in expanded oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) is counteracted by less benthic denitrification, due to the stratification‐induced reduction in organic matter export. The larger atmospheric N load is offset by reduced N inputs by marine N2 fixation. Our model predicts a decline in oceanic N2O emissions by 2100. This is induced by the decrease in organic matter export and associated N2O production and by the anthropogenically driven changes in ocean circulation and atmospheric N2O concentrations. After comprehensively accounting for a series of complex physical‐biogeochemical interactions, this study suggests that N flux imbalances are limited by biogeochemical feedbacks that help stabilize the marine N inventory against anthropogenic changes. These findings support the hypothesis that strong negative feedbacks regulate the marine N inventory on centennial time scales.
On the origins of magnetic flux ropes in near‐Mars magnetotail current sheets
Authors: Hara Takuya , Harada Yuki , Mitchell David L. , DiBraccio Gina A. , Espley Jared R. , Brain David A. , Halekas Jasper S. , Seki Kanako , Luhmann Janet G. , McFadden James P. , Mazelle Christian , Jakosky Bruce M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe analyze Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) observations of magnetic flux ropes embedded in Martian magnetotail current sheets, in order to evaluate the role of magnetotail reconnection in their generations. We conduct a minimum variance analysis to infer the generation processes of magnetotail flux ropes from the geometrical configuration of the individual flux rope axial orientation with respect to the overall current sheet. Of 23 flux ropes detected in current sheets in the near‐Mars (∼1–3 Martian radii downstream) magnetotail, only 3 (possibly 4) can be explained by the magnetotail reconnection scenario, while the vast majority of the events (19 events) are more consistent with flux ropes that are originally generated in the dayside ionosphere and subsequently transported into the nightside magnetotail. The mixed origins of the detected flux ropes imply complex nature of generation and transport of Martian magnetotail flux ropes.
Characterizing the influence of atmospheric river orientation and intensity on precipitation distributions over North Coastal California
Authors: Hecht Chad W. , Cordeira Jason M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAtmospheric rivers (ARs) are long (>2000 km) and narrow (500–1000 km) corridors of enhanced vertically integrated water vapor and enhanced integrated water vapor transport (IVT) that are responsible for a majority of global poleward moisture transport and can result in extreme orographic precipitation. Observational evidence suggests that ARs within different synoptic‐scale flow regimes may contain different water vapor source regions, orientations, and intensities and may result in different precipitation distributions. This study uses k‐means clustering to objectively identify different orientations and intensities of ARs that make landfall over the California Russian River watershed. The ARs with different orientations and intensities occur within different synoptic‐scale flow patterns in association with variability in IVT direction and quasi‐geostrophic forcing for ascent and lead to different precipitation distributions over the Russian River watershed. These differences suggest that both mesoscale upslope moisture flux and synoptic‐scale forcing for ascent are important factors in modulating precipitation distributions during landfalling ARs.
Generation of complex karstic conduit networks with a hydrochemical model
Authors: de Rooij Rob , Graham Wendy 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we present a hydrochemical model that can be used to generate plausible karstic conduit networks that honor what is known about geology, hydrology, and topography of a karst system. To make the model applicable to a range of natural karst systems, we introduce a flexible and physically realistic flow boundary condition along the land surface. Moreover, whereas comparable existing speleogenesis models use an explicit reactive‐transport scheme, we propose an implicit reactive‐transport scheme to permit a coarser spatial discretization of the conduit cells. An application to a real karst system illustrates that the model can generate a realistic karstic network that reproduces observed hydrologic behavior in terms of current spring flow rates, regional hydraulic head field as well as average groundwater residence times. Our model provides a useful tool to generate ensembles of possible karstic conduit networks that may be used within a stochastic framework to analyze flow and transport prediction uncertainty associated with a lack of knowledge about network geometry.
Promising Thermoelectric Bulk Materials with 2D Structures
Authors: Zhou Yiming , Zhao Li‐Dong 
Published: July 2017

AbstractGiven that more than two thirds of all energy is lost, mostly as waste heat, in utilization processes worldwide, thermoelectric materials, which can directly convert waste heat to electricity, provide an alternative option for optimizing energy utilization processes. After the prediction that superlattices may show high thermoelectric performance, various methods based on quantum effects and superlattice theory have been adopted to analyze bulk materials, leading to the rapid development of thermoelectric materials. Bulk materials with two‐dimensional (2D) structures show outstanding properties, and their high performance originates from both their low thermal conductivity and high Seebeck coefficient due to their strong anisotropic features. Here, the advantages of superlattices for enhancing the thermoelectric performance, the transport mechanism in bulk materials with 2D structures, and optimization methods are discussed. The phenomenological transport mechanism in these materials indicates that thermal conductivities are reduced in 2D materials with intrinsically short mean free paths. Recent progress in the transport mechanisms of Bi2Te3‐, SnSe‐, and BiCuSeO‐based systems is summarized. Finally, possible research directions to enhance the thermoelectric performance of bulk materials with 2D structures are briefly considered.
Superomniphilic Poly(glycerol sebacate)–Poly(l‐lactic acid) Electrospun Membranes for Oil Spill Remediation
Authors: Yan Yi , Sencadas Vitor , Zhang Jiangshan , Wei Dongbin , Jiang Zhengyi 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSuperomniphilic materials are defined as materials that can uptake both water and oil‐like liquids. In this study, a facile method to prepare a superomniphilic and biodegradable core–shell structure of poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS) and poly(l‐lactic acid) (PLLA) is reported. The developed method immobilizes the PGS polymer onto the surface of the PLLA electrospun fibers, increasing the presence of hydroxyl groups on the surface of the membranes. The sample with 25 wt% PGS can uptake polar and apolar solvents, and presents a superhydrophilic behavior. The PGS‐PLLA composite is reusable up to 10 cycles of solvent (water of organic solvents) absorption with a separation efficiency of 99.5%, and its general appearance resembles the first absorption/compression cycle. Finally, this work presents a novel biodegradable polymeric blend membrane with superomniphilic properties, produced by a scalable process, which could be easily implemented to fight against environmental disasters such as large area oil spills.
In situ preparation of chitosan/gold nanocomposite: Structural and catalytic properties
Authors: Eisa Wael H. , Abdelnaby Tarob , Mostafa Shahenda , Elzayat Mohamed Y. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractChitosan‐stabilized gold nanoparticles (Cs/Au) film was prepared by casting strategy without a need for reducing and/or stabilizing agents. The shape, size, and crystalline phase were studied using UV‐visible (UV‐vis) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The nature of the interaction between the Cs and Au nanoparticles was studied using the Fourier transformer infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The as‐prepared Cs/Au nanocomposite film showed high activity in the catalytic reduction of 4‐nitrophenol (4‐NP) to 4‐aminophenol (4‐AP) in the presence of an excess amount of NaBH4. Furthermore, the Cs/Au film is easily separable, as well as remains active after reused for 3 times. The Cs/Au nanocomposite film could be a promising candidate for various catalytic reactions.