bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bengali Translation and Validation of Academic Resilience Scale in Bangladeshi School-going Students
Authors: Ahmed MD. Faisal 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction: This study aimed to translate and validate the Academic Resilience Scale (ARS) for use among Bangladeshi school students in Bengali. The ARS, developed by Martin and Marsh, measures students' ability to cope with academic challenges. This study addresses the gap in validated Bengali instruments for assessing academic resilience.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional design study involving 234 students aged 12-18 years from two schools in Dhaka, Bangladesh, was used. The ARS underwent a rigorous translation process, which included two forward translations, two back translations, and comparisons of the original and translated versions. The data collected were collected by administering both the original and translated ARSs, with a one-week interval between administrations. Analysis was conducted using SPSS 29.0, employing descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations, Cronbach’s alpha, and independent sample t-tests.
Results: Descriptive statistics revealed mean scores for the original ARS (M = 23.78, SD = 7.456) and the translated ARS (M = 23.77, SD = 7.516), indicating similar levels of academic resilience. Pearson correlations between the original and translated items ranged from .909 to .941 (p < .01). Cronbach’s alpha was 0.747 for the original scale and 0.754 for the translated ARS, demonstrating acceptable reliability. No significant sex differences in resilience scores were found for either version.
Conclusion: The Bengali-translated ARS is a reliable and valid tool for measuring academic resilience among Bangladeshi students. This validated scale offers a valuable resource for future research and interventions aimed at improving academic resilience. Future studies should address limitations and explore resilience factors in diverse contexts.
Distinct triggering mechanisms of the 2023 Türkiye earthquake doublet
Authors: Wang Zhi , qiu Qiang , Fu Yi , lin Jian , Pei Shunping 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Despite advancements in understanding the rupture processes and surface deformations of the 2023 Türkiye earthquake doublet, their seismogenic mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we determined the three-dimensional fine-scale seismic and porosity structures in the rupture zones. We find that the first Mw 7.8 earthquake occurred in a brittle or near-brittle structure zone with low porosity and fluid saturation, offering a potential condition for brittle failure with supershear rupture. By contrast, the second Mw 7.6 quake initiated in a ductile belt characterized by high porosity and fluid saturation, explaining the observed sub-shear rupture behaviors. The former induces large decreasing normal stress, thus opening the Çardak fault, accelerating the migration of saturated fluids towards the fault zone through intra-crustal faults and extended cracks, increasing pore pressure, and delaying triggering a second earthquake. Our findings reveal the diverse seismogenic mechanisms of the Türkiye earthquake doublet, suggesting that fluid intrusion may have played a crucial role in triggering an earthquake.
Weld Quality Improvement using GMAW-GTAW Hybrid Welding Process for Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Methong Titinan , Komen Hisaya 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

One of the major challenges in welding aluminum alloys is the formation of porosity in weld metal, which diminishes mechanical properties and usability. Therefore, this research aims to study the feasibility of developing a welding technique using a hybrid welding to improve weld quality by minimizing porosity. The hybrid welding process consists of two techniques: gas metal arc welding and gas tungsten arc welding. High-speed video analysis examined metal transfer, weld pool behavior, and oxide cleaning action. Radiographic testing was employed to evaluate the porosity in weld metal. The results demonstrated a significant decrease in the number of porosities. Additionally, this research proposes guidelines for welding variable selection and equipment setup, offering a comprehensive strategy for achieving improved weld quality.
Research on three-roller bending of aluminum profiles considering roller center distance and radius
Authors: song zhihao , Xu Longkun , Zhao Ying , Sun Qun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The three-roller bending process is widely used in plate and profile processing owing to its versatility and high processing efficiency. Currently, the optimization of roll bending mainly focuses on the adjustment of the profile geometric parameters and the vertical displacement of the upper roller, ignoring the influence of the lower roller center distance and radius of the roll bending machine on the forming quality. Therefore, this paper considers the lower roller center distance and radius that affect the forming accuracy of metal profiles as the starting point and conducts an in-depth analysis of the three-roller bending process. Initially, a mathematical model of three-roller bending and the ABAQUS finite element model are established, and the mathematical model is subsequently fitted and refined through finite element simulation. The experimental results demonstrated that the average error is less than 10% when the refined roll bending function is used to calculate the profile forming radius. To further enhance the precision and quality of three-roller bending, this paper employed a finite element simulation to analyze the effects of lower roller center distance and radius on the profile springback rate, plastic strain, and remaining straight edge length. The results indicated that with a constant vertical displacement of the upper roller, increasing the lower roller center distance led to an increased profile springback rate, decreased plastic strain fluctuation, and increased remaining straight edge length. Conversely, increasing the lower roller radius resulted in a decreased profile springback rate, increased plastic strain fluctuation, and decreased the remaining straight edge length. Finally, the effect of each factor on profile formation is comprehensively analyzed using an orthogonal experimental method, and the optimal roll bending process parameters within the experimental range are determined.
Research on a novel SLAM method fusion of vision and LIDAR in indoor dynamic environment
Authors: Li Rui , Yang Shiqiang , Li Mingjing , Wang Jiaxiang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) is one of the core technologies for mobile robots. With the increasing complexity of the environment, the existing 2D laser SLAM has poor quality due to the interference of dynamic objects. Meanwhile, the single-sensor laser SLAM has the problem of insufficient positioning accuracy in a single-structured environment. To address the above drawbacks, this paper studied a novel SLAM method using vision and laser fusion in an indoor dynamic environment based on the Cartographer algorithm.In more details, the dynamic target removal method based on LiDAR (light detection and ranging) detection used to solve the dynamic object interference.Moreover, a laser and vision fusion localization method was proposed for improving the limitation of a single LiDAR sensor. LiDAR to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, experiments are conducted in the building scene and the long straight path scene respectively. The experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method effectively removed the interference brought by dynamic objects during the map building and the absolute trajectory root mean square error was reduced by 85.45% on average in the structural single environment. The experimental results further verified that the proposed SLAM method improved the quality of map building and positioning accuracy in complex environments.
Impact of Smart City Composite Index on Economic Growth Evidence from Provincial Areas of Iran
Authors: Asayesh Fatemeh , Mahinizadeh Mansour 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Urban management can transform smart cities across various dimensions, enhancing resource efficiency and driving economic growth. This study investigates the relationship between combined smart city index and economic growth in Iran's provincial areas, using the Hicks neutral technological progress model and log-threshold regression. Due to limited time series data related to the components of combined smart city index in provincial areas of Iran, 2016 data for 31 provinces were used. Results show that Tehran, Khorasan Razavi, and Fars rank highest according to the combined smart city Index, while Lorestan, Semnan, and Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad rank lowest. The study finds that the impact of the smart city index on economic growth varies with the smartness threshold of 0.0128. Below this threshold, a 1% increase in the index significantly boosts GDP per capita by 0.496%. Above the threshold, a 1% increase results in a 0.244% rise in GDP per capita. Generally, when the index is below the threshold, its effect on economic growth diminishes. This pattern also holds for capital per capita and aligns with theoretical discussions.
JEL: R11, R10, O10, O18, O30
Novel Immune Drug Combination Induces Tumour Microenvironment Remodelling and Reduces the Dosage of Anti-PD-1 Antibody
Authors: Ozasa Takahiro , Nakajima Masao , Tsunedomi Ryouichi , Goto Shunsuke , Adachi Keishi , Takahashi Hidenori , Tamada Koji , Nagano Hiroaki 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are effective in clinical settings; however, they present immune-related adverse effects and financial burden. Although dose reduction of ICIs may mitigate these limitations, it could compromise therapeutic efficacy. The combination of poly(I:C) and LAG-3-Ig is an effective immune adjuvant for cancer immunotherapy. Using these two adjuvants combined with three neoantigen peptides (Comb), we examined whether Comb could enhance the efficacy of reduced dose of αPD-1 monoclonal antibody (RD-αPD-1 mAb), which has limited efficacy. In a murine colorectal cancer model using an MC38 cell line, Comb addition to RD-αPD-1 mAb enhanced treatment efficacy. Analysis of the tumour microenvironment (TME) in mice treated with Comb using flow cytometry and single-cell RNA sequencing revealed decreased macrophages with highly expressing immunosuppressive genes and increased plasmacytoid dendritic cells with highly expressing antigen-presenting genes. A potent infiltration of CD8+ tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) with an effector profile was only observed in RD-αPD-1 mAb with Comb. Additionally, single-cell T cell receptor repertoire analysis underscored an oligoclonal expansion of CD8+ TILs following treatment with RD-αPD-1 mAb with Comb. This novel immune drug combination may be a promising strategy for reducing αPD-1 mAb dosage while preserving antitumor efficacy through modulating the TME.
Integrated Scientific Analysis of a Graeco-Roman Cartonnage Mask from Saqqara, Egypt
Authors: Hussein Asmaa , Ewais Ashraf 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

methods
optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDS), Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy coupled with attenuated total reflection (ATR-FTIR). Information about the stratigraphy of the cartonnage (support, plaster layer and polychrome layer) and the pigments and organic binder used in the paint layer was provided by this study. The results revealed that the cartonnage mask consisted of a single plaster layer made of calcite applied to double linen-based support layers and finally covered with a paint layer. The pigment colours used to decorate the cartonnage were orange, blue, light red, black, yellow and green. The orange pigment was identified as releagar, the blue pigment as Egyptian blue, the light red pigment as a red ochre admixture with lead white, the black pigment as carbon black, the yellow pigment as orpiment and pararealgar and the green pigment as a mixture of Egyptian blue and orpiment. Animal glue was the organic binder used with the plaster layer and most polychrome layers, while gum Arabic was an adhesive for the textile layers.
Partial protection of Bacillus subtilis spores on simulated Martian regolith media enhances survival against UV radiation
Authors: Davis Gregory M , Greenhill Andrew R , Munro Thomas W , Horner Jonathan , Marsden Stephen C , Carter Bradley D 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Mars is known to have once sustained an environment that may have been habitable. This idea has often been combined with theories of panspermia, to suggest that any life on Mars may have had a common origin with life on Earth. These ideas typically involve meteorites produced as impact ejecta as vectors for the transport of life between planets. However, such meteorites would be subjected to the harsh conditions of space, most notably, Solar UV radiation. Some Gram-positive bacteria generate endospores, which provide protection from extreme conditions and are common models for understanding bacterial survival in space. In this study, the spore forming bacteria Bacillus subtilis and the non-spore former Staphylococcus aureus were used to investigate the survival of bacteria exposed to UVB and UVC radiation on simulated Martian regolith. Spore survival was limited upon excessive doses of UVB and UVC radiation, although this was minimised when spores were covered with lysed bacteria which provided partial protection. These results build upon previous studies and suggest that lysed bacteria from the same bacterial species might offer spores on Martian meteorites a partial shield from UV radiation and enhance their viability in panspermia models.
Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Using Machine Learning: A Systematic Review
Authors: Dejene Fitsum Mesfin , Debelee Taye Girma , Schwenker Friedhelm , Ayano Yehualashet Megersa , Feyisa Degaga Wolde 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) stands as a leading cause of global blindness. Early identification and prompt treatment are essential to prevent vision impairment caused by DR. Manual screening of the retinal fundus image is challenging and time-consuming. Additionally, there is a significant gap between the number of diabetic retinopathy patients and medical experts. Integrating machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques is becoming a viable alternative to traditional DR screening techniques. However, the lack of a quality-labeled retinal dataset, the complexity of DL models, and the need for high computational resources are challenges. Therefore, in this study, we studied and analyzed the research landscape in integrating ML techniques in DR screening. In this regard, our work contributes significantly in several aspects. Initially, we identify and characterize images of the retinal fundus that are readily available. Then, we discuss commonly used preprocessing techniques in DR screening. In addition, we analyze the progress of ML techniques in DR screening. Lastly, we discussed existing challenges and showed future directions.
Physical simulation-based analysis of multipass welding in S500 shipbuilding steel
Authors: Gáspár Marcell , Kovács Judit , Sainio Johannes , Tervo Henri , Javaheri Vahid , Kaijalainen Antti 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Novel generations of shipbuilding steels have outstanding toughness due to the improved steel producing processes. Their microstructure mainly consists of ferrite and bainite, whilst the presence of acicular ferrite has a role in high impact energy of the welded joint. This research aims to analyze the effect of multipass welding on weld characteristics of S500 shipbuilding steel. A Gleeble 3500 simulator machine is used to produce the welding thermal cycles by the Rykalin-3D model on 70 x 10 x 10 mm samples manufactured in transversal direction from a submerged arc welded joint of 16 mm plate. For the simulation of the coarse-grained zone forming in the weld metal (CGHAZ-W) 1350°C and for the intercritical zone (ICHAZ-W) 815°C were selected, while the combination of these peak temperatures was applied for the intercritically reheated coarse-grained zone (ICCGHAZ-W). The examined t8/5 interval was 5…30 s. The weld properties were examined by microstructural examination, hardness test, and instrumented Charpy V-notch impact toughness test. The impact energy values of subzones were below the unaffected weld metal. Longer cooling time resulted in lower impact energy in ICHAZ-W. However, this tendency was not observed in CGHAZ-W. ICHAZ-W and ICCGHAZ-W resulted the lowest impact toughness, which was indicated by the large instable crack propagation.
Mineral origin of tremolite jade artifacts from the Guojiamiao Cemetery, Eastern Zhou Dynasty, Hubei, China: based on petrology, spectroscopy, and geochemistry
Authors: Liu Jifu , Cao Yi , Yu Xuan , Yang Mingxing 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The origin of raw materials is a crucial area of study in jade archaeology, with significant importance for research on the interactions and exchanges of ancient cultures. The Guojiamiao Cemetery is situated in Zaoyang City, Hubei Province, China. It has undergone two protective excavations, one in 2004 and another in 2014. These excavations revealed that it is a large aristocratic cemetery of the Zeng State, dating from the late Western Zhou Dynasty to the early Spring and Autumn periods. The jade artifacts found at this site are of various types and exquisite in style, serving as significant burial objects. In this study, we used gemology, spectroscopy, and geochemistry methods to analyze 30 excavated jade artifacts in detail. We studied the types of minerals, the characteristics of their shapes, and the major trace elements of the materials. Additionally, we investigated where the tremolite jade artifacts found in this cemetery came from. We used a classification method to categorize different sources of tremolite jade based on the combinations of trace and rare earth elements associated with various regions. The study revealed that the raw materials for the jade artifacts found in Guojiamiao Cemetery originate from the northwest region of China, with a focus on areas from eastern Xinjiang to northwestern Gansu. The findings shed light on the origins of jade materials utilized by the Zeng State during various historical periods and their connection with the Chu State. Additionally, this research helps in understanding the evolution of civilization in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.
Comparative gene expression analyses reveal developmental stage dependent immune adaptations of Spodoptera frugiperda
Authors: Wang Guangmin , Ran Jia , Jia Chen , Mohamed Amr , Zang Liansheng , Zhang Wei , Keyhani Nemat O. , Eleftherianos Ioannis 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, is a major agricultural pest responsible for substantial crop damage worldwide. Several critical physiological functions, including high reproductive and migratory abilities, a broad plant host range, coupled to the development of high resistance to various chemical pesticides, and a strong immune response to microbial pathogens, has made this insect particularly difficult to control. While various innate immune pathways are assumed to play crucial roles in microbial pathogen defense, a comprehensive analysis across different developmental stages has been lacking. This is particularly important as different developmental stages of S. frugiperda display differential sensitivity to chemical pesticides and/or microbial pathogens. Here, we performed a comparative transcriptomic analysis of S. frugiperda across ten developmental stages: egg, six larval instars (1–6), pupa, and adult (both female and male). We identified 56 gene families associated with insect immunity, with several exhibiting variable expression patterns across the developmental stages. Our findings provide new insights into the global gene expression landscape forming innate immune responses throughout development and between sexes in S. frugiperda. These results help explain the disparate innate immune responses of different developmental stages and provides clues for devising more effective pest control strategies.
ZmEMF1a is required for the maintainence of H2Aub and H3K27me3 modifications in maize kernel development
Authors: Zhou Yueheng , Li Jianrui , Li Yingshuang , Li Xiaojie , Wang Chunlei , Li Tong , Chen Jian , Song Weibin , Lai Jinsheng , Zhao Haiming , Yang Zhijia 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Polycomb group (PcG) proteins can silence gene expression by modifying histones, such as H2Aub and H3K27me3, which is crucial for maintaining cell type and tissue-specific gene expression patterns. However, little is known about the impact of gene regulation by PcG proteins through H2Aub and H3K27me3 during maize kernel development.Here, we characterized a maize miniature seed mutant mn8, and map-based cloning revealed that Mn8 encodes a plant specific PcG protein, ZmEMF1a. Mutation in ZmEMF1a leads to significantly reduced kernel size and weight. Molecular analyses showed that ZmEMF1ainteracts with PRC1 component ZmRING1 and PRC2 subunit ZmMSI1, which is required for H2Aub and H3K27me3 establishment. ZmEMF1a deficiency causes significant reduced levels of H2Aub and H3K27me3 in the genome. The combined analysis of ChIP-seq and RNA-seq data revealed that H2Aub is negatively correlated with gene expression in maize, unlike the positive association with expression of H2Aub in Arabidopsis. Compared with WT endosperms, elevated expressions of homology genes of cell proliferation repressors, such as DA1, BB1, ES22, MADS8 and MADS14, accompanied with decreases in H3K27me3 or H2Aub levels at these loci in mn8endosperms, indicating that lack of ZmEMF1a function impedes the deposition of H3K27me3 or H2Aub mark at cell division repressor genes. Taken together, our results show that ZmEMF1a plays a crucial role in regulating the expression of genes associated with maize kernel development through maintaining the modification levels of H2Aub and H3K27me3.
Enhanced Helmet Wearing Detection Using Improved YOLO Algorithm
Authors: Wu Liuai , Lu Nannan , Yao Xiaotong , Yang Yong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

To address the accuracy limitations of existing safety helmet detection algorithms in complex environments, we propose an enhanced YOLOv8 algorithm, called YOLOv8-CSS. We introduce a Coordinate Attention (CA) mechanism in the backbone network to improve focus on safety helmet regions in complex backgrounds , suppress irrelevant feature interference, and enhance detection accuracy. We also incorporate the SEAM module to improve the detection and recognition of occluded objects, increasing robustness and accuracy. Additionally, we design a fine-neck structure to fuse features of different sizes from the backbone network, reducing model complexity while maintaining detection accuracy. Finally, we adopt the Wise-IoU loss function to optimize the training process, further enhancing detection accuracy. Experimental results show that YOLOv8-CSS significantly improves detection performance in general scenarios, complex backgrounds, and for distant small objects. YOLOv8-CSS improves precision, recall, mAP@0.5, and mAP@0.5:0.95 by 1.67%, 5.55%, 3.38%, and 5.87%, respectively , compared to YOLOv8n. Our algorithm also reduces model parameters by 21.25% and computational load by 15.89%. Comparisons with other mainstream object detection algorithms validate our approach’s effectiveness and superiority.