bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les retraites : problèmes et solution
Authors: Trainar Philippe 
Published: June 2017

En dépit des propos rassurants de tels responsables politiques ou de certains experts, la situation de notre système de retraites par répartition est préoccupante dès lors que l’on retient des hypothèses économiques et démographiques tendancielles. Même si l’on peut critiquer ces hypothèses, n’est-il pas paradoxal que notre système, qui devrait être prudent et résilient eu égard à la nature de ses engagements extrêmement longs, voire infinis, ne soit pas capable d’affronter des situations économiques qui dévient tant soit peu d’hypothèses optimistes ? Afin de comprendre les raisons de ce paradoxe, il faut revenir sur les spécificités de notre système ainsi que sur ses déterminants structurels de long terme. Nous verrons alors que les problèmes récurrents d’équilibre et d’équité du système français sont imputables à une incitation intrinsèque à la gestion au jour le jour, que l’on a beaucoup de mal à rattacher à une quelconque philosophie cohérente de la répartition. La première priorité consiste donc à clarifier cette philosophie pour en tirer une discipline rigoureuse qui permette d’assurer l’équilibre et l’équité du système dans la stabilité des taux de cotisations. Afin de garantir la pérennité de ce nouvel équilibre, il serait souhaitable de l’accompagner d’un certain nombre de réformes institutionnelles qui aideraient grandement à limiter les incitations à la procrastination.	Ph. T.
De l’amour du foot au mouvement Gezi : enquête sur le processus de politisation des supporteur.es de « Çarşı »
Authors: Tuncel Gökçe 
Published: June 2017

Né en 1982, Çarşı est le principal groupe de supporters du club de football de Beşiktaş, l’un des trois clubs historiques d’Istanbul avec Galatasaray et Fenerbahçe. Centré sur le quartier dont il porte le nom, Beşiktaş revendique une identité bien à lui. Ses supporters se plaisent à l’appeler « l’équipe du peuple ». Çarşı, qui fonctionne de façon non hiérarchique, a un rayon d’action bien plus large que celui d’un simple groupe de supporters : actions humanitaires, opposition au racisme, au fascisme, au sexisme, souci de justice sociale, défense de l’environnement. Ses membres ont joué un rôle central durant les révoltes de Gezi. Habitués par l’ambiance des stades turcs aux confrontations avec les autorités, aux techniques de défense ou de dispersion, certains ont activement participé aux révoltes contre Erdoğan ainsi qu’à la formation des manifestants dans le quartier de Beşiktaş.
Lipopolysaccharide/TLR4 Stimulates IL-13 Production through a MyD88-BLT2–Linked Cascade in Mast Cells, Potentially Contributing to the Allergic Response
Authors: Lee A-Jin , Ro MyungJa , Cho Kyung-Jin , Kim Jae-Hong 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
In an experimental asthma model, the activation of TLR4 by bacterial LPS occasionally exacerbates allergic inflammation through the production of Th2 cytokines, and mast cells have been suggested to play a central role in this response. However, the detailed mechanism underlying how LPS/TLR4 stimulates the production of Th2 cytokines, especially IL-13, remains unclear in mast cells. In the current study, we observed that the expression levels of leukotriene B4 receptor-2 (BLT2) and the synthesis of its ligands were highly upregulated in LPS-stimulated bone marrow–derived mast cells and that BLT2 blockade with small interfering RNA or a pharmacological inhibitor completely abolished IL-13 production, suggesting a mediatory role of the BLT2 ligand–BLT2 axis in LPS/TLR4 signaling to IL-13 synthesis in mast cells. Moreover, we demonstrated that MyD88 lies upstream of the BLT2 ligand–BLT2 axis and that this MyD88-BLT2 cascade leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species through NADPH oxidase 1 and the subsequent activation of NF-κB, thereby mediating IL-13 synthesis. Interestingly, we observed that costimulation of LPS/TLR4 and IgE/FcεRI caused greatly enhanced IL-13 synthesis in mast cells, and blockading BLT2 abolished these effects. Similarly, in vivo, the IL-13 level was markedly enhanced by LPS administration in an OVA-induced asthma model, and injecting a BLT2 antagonist beforehand clearly attenuated this increase. Together, our findings suggest that a BLT2-linked cascade plays a pivotal role in LPS/TLR4 signaling for IL-13 synthesis in mast cells, thereby potentially exacerbating allergic response. Our findings may provide insight into the mechanisms underlying how bacterial infection worsens allergic inflammation under certain conditions.
Adolescent spirituality with the support of adults
Authors: Apostolides Anastasia 
Published: June 2017

Adolescence can be a trying time for adolescents and those with whom they share their journey, directly or indirectly. In a fast-paced world where adolescents want to conform to their youth or popular culture, the adolescent may become inundated and confused with all that is continuously taking place in their social context. This article argues that with the support of adults, adolescents may be guided to explore, experience and live out their spiritual identities through their popular or youth culture in a healthy way.
Mass aggregations of Bibio pomonae (Insecta: Diptera: Bibionidae), an indication of climate change?
Authors: Qvenild Tore , Rognerud Sigurd 
Published: June 2017

Examination of stomach contents of the brown trout is a sensitive method to evaluate the animals occurring in a lake and its surroundings. Yearly test fishing from Lake Sandvatn at the Hardangervidda Mountain plateau in August has shown regular occurrence of Bibio pomonae in the brown trout stomachs every third year since 2001. The stomach fullness and selectivity for other food items is influenced by the local weather conditions, but in calm and sunny weather, mass aggregation of B. pomonae are reflected by high stomach fullness and the brown trout predate B. pomonae selectively. The stomach fullness with B. pomonae may give a significant measure of the mass aggregation phenomena in such periods. On the Hardangervidda Mountain plateau mass aggregation have been observed regularly every third year since 2001. Mass aggregations elsewhere on the southern part of the Scandinavian Peninsula seem to follow the same pattern, but with a one-year delay in the northern part. Our results substantiate that mass aggregations of B. pomonae seem to be an irregular phenomenon in the previous century. In 2016 mass aggregation of B. pomonae was observed in the southern part of the Norwegian mountain range with its maximum abundance in the lower alpine zone. The abundance seems to have extended its maximum from the subalpine zone into the lower alpine zone. Mass aggregations were observed 1678 m a.s.l., 318 m higher up than previously recorded. In 2016 B. pomonae was also recorded earlier than ever before. Climate change may be a driver of the regular mass aggregations, the apparently increase in strength, the elevation of the abundance maximum, the new extreme altitude swarming, and the early hatchings seen after 2000.
Investigating Relationship of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Adoption Concept and University Competitive Advantage: A Field Study
Authors: Sattar H. Yousif Abdul , Rifai Firas , Alhroot Hadeel 
Published: June 2017

This paper aims at investigating the relationship between the application of innovation and entrepreneurship system and the university competitive advantage in the Jordanian higher education sector. To collect the required data, the number of some concerned individuals was surveyed through a carefully designed questionnaire that has become the main instrument to obtain the required data.A random sample of university managerial staff was withdrawn from five private Jordanian universities. The collected data was audited, reviewed and statically analyzed using the most relevant statistical test. The results of the statistical analysis have clearly pointed out that university adoption of innovation and entrepreneurship system has a significant effect on its competitive advantage.
Fair play in het fiscale strafrecht
Authors: Nuyens A.M.E. , Melse P.C. 
Published: June 2017

Fair play in het fiscale strafrecht
In dit artikel staat het informeel verschoningsrecht centraal. Dit buitenwettelijke verschoningsrecht, door de Hoge Raad gedefinieerd als het fair play-bginsel vindt zijn oorsprong in het fiscale recht. Een korte introductie zal worden gegeven over de verregaande controlebevoegdheden van de Belastingdienst alsook over wettelijk fiscale verplichtingen van een belastingplichtige en de samenwerking ter voldoening daaraan met een belastingadviseur. De (in bepaalde gevallen te opportunistische) keuzemogelijkheid in het fiscaal punitieve stelsel komt aan bod en waarom juist in dit stelsel de belastingadviseur zich zou moeten kunnen verschonen. Daarna wordt beargumenteerd waarom het informeel verschoningsrecht ook doorwerking heeft, althans behoort te hebben in het strafrecht. Tot slot wordt stilgestaan bij de recente ontwikkelingen met betrekking tot het verschoningsrecht.
Het verschoningsrecht van de geestelijke
Authors: Sackers H.J.B. 
Published: June 2017

Het verschoningsrecht van de geestelijke
In de bijdrage wordt het verschoningsrecht van de geestelijke aan de hand van wetsgeschiedenis en rechtspraak aan een nadere beschouwing onderworpen. Centraal staat de vraag wie die geestelijke is en wanneer hem het verschoningsrecht toekomt. Verder wordt een antwoord gegeven op de vraag hoe het zit met de geestelijk leiders van andere dan de wereldgodsdiensten.
Advocaat + misbruik + fiscaal verschoningsrecht = som van misverstanden
Authors: van Empel E. , van Regteren Altena P.N. 
Published: June 2017

Advocaat + misbruik + fiscaal verschoningsrecht = som van misverstanden
De beleidsvoornemens vervat in de brief van staatssecretaris van Financiën Eric Wiebes (17 januari 2017, kenmerk 2017-0000009661) voor zover gericht op het ‘wettelijk fiscale verschoningsrecht’ van advocaten geven toezichthouders op advocaten aanleiding om hardnekkige misverstanden over het verschoningsrecht voor advocaten onder de loep te nemen en het toezicht op advocaten en de rol van de deken bij een beroep op verschoningsrecht te belichten, indien degene die met een beroep op verschoningsrecht wordt geconfronteerd daar om vraagt.
Modernisering Strafvordering: verschoning en codificatie
Authors: Gritter E. 
Published: June 2017

Modernisering Strafvordering: verschoning en codificatie
In het kader van de modernisering van het Wetboek van Strafvordering is voorgesteld de mogelijkheid van ‘doorbreking’ van het verschoningsrecht te codificeren. Deze bijdrage in de rubriek Trending Topics gaat in het licht van het themanummer over het professionele verschoningsrecht kort in op het nut van codificatie van (sterk casuïstisch gekleurde) regels uit de jurisprudentie, zowel met betrekking tot de ‘doorbreking’ als meer algemeen. Volgens de auteur dient uiteindelijk gewaakt te worden voor al te veel verfijning op het niveau van de formele wet.
Division in the land of ‘the unspoken’: Examining journalistic practice in contemporary New Caledonia
Authors: M'Balla-Ndi Marie 
Published: June 2017

While the Kanaks’ (local indigenous population of New Caledonia) pro-independence protests against the French settlers and, more broadly, the French Republic, have been extensively documented in the global media and academic literature, another protest - more subtle and diffused, but deeply embedded - is taking place in New Caledonia.New Caledonia is a South Pacific archipelago colonised by the French in 1853 and set to decide whether to remain in the French Republic or become independent in a referendum between 2014 and 2019.This paper suggests that there is a polarisation in the New Caledonian media sphere, which deeply affects journalistic practices with tendencies to resist Western impositions, standards and dominance (for Kanak journalists and their leaders), while metropolitan journalists (who have settled in New Caledonia from France) tend to often reject customs or indigenous rules shaping general and media communication within local communities. Both tendencies also have a significant impact on which material the journalists will be able to collect for their news organisations, as well as an impact on the relationships these journalists will maintain (or not) with local communities and personalities.This paper examines some aspects of Pacific knowledge (including traditions, values, beliefs and protocols) and explores the nuances of a complex socio-political ‘liquid modern’ context in order to present examples of how developments inherent from tradition, colonisation and decolonisation aspirations, affect the work of local journalists (both metropolitan journalists, and Kanak journalists). Drawing on data collected during periods of archival research, participant observation and interviews conducted at both the metropolitan daily newspaper, Les Nouvelles Calédoniennes, and the pro-independence radio station, Radio Djiido, this paper demonstrates how local journalists problematically navigate, and often contest, diverse socio-cultural values, practices and principles inherent from different times and places/spaces creating a deep division in the New Caledonian media sphere. It is suggested in this paper that Kanak values are often strongly contested by many metropolitan journalists, who often refuse to give any consideration to cultural factors, while, on the other hand, Kanak journalists will often tend to reject some of the principles of Western (or modern) journalism, adjusting these values and/or standards for specific or strategic reasons, such as preserving ‘la coutume'. This paper will also argue that deploying an approach that engages with the concept of liquid modernity, takes into account re-emerging oceanic epistemologies, and that provides a thicker explanation of observed media practices, proves useful for studying journalism in New Caledonia, where culture appears to deeply affect journalism practice on a daily basis.
Evaluating topography‐based predictions of shallow lateral groundwater discharge zones for a boreal lake‐stream system
Authors: Leach J. A. , Lidberg W. , Kuglerová L. , Peralta‐Tapia A. , Ågren A. , Laudon H. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractGroundwater discharge along streams exerts an important influence on biogeochemistry and thermal regimes of aquatic ecosystems. A common approach for predicting locations of shallow lateral groundwater discharge is to use digital elevation models (DEMs) combined with upslope contributing area algorithms. We evaluated a topography‐based prediction of subsurface discharge zones along a 1500 m headwater stream reach using temperature and water isotope tracers. We deployed fiber‐optic distributed temperature sensing instrumentation to monitor stream temperature at 0.25 m intervals along the reach. We also collected samples of stream water for the analysis of its water isotope composition at 50 m intervals on five occasions representing distinct streamflow conditions before, during, and after a major rain event. The combined tracer evaluation showed that topography‐predicted locations of groundwater discharge were generally accurate; however, predicted magnitude of groundwater inflows estimated from upslope contributing area did not always agree with tracer estimates. At the catchment scale, lateral inflows were an important source of streamflow at base flow and peak flow during a major rain event; however, water from a headwater lake was the dominant water source during the event hydrograph recession. Overall, this study highlights potential utility and limitations of predicting locations and contributions of lateral groundwater discharge zones using topography‐based approaches in humid boreal regions.
An investigation on slowness‐weighted CCP stacking and its application to receiver function imaging
Authors: Guan Zhe , Niu Fenglin 
Published: June 2017

AbstractCommon conversion point (CCP) stacking of receiver functions is a widely used technique to image velocity discontinuities in the mantle. The CCP imaging technique assumes that receiver functions are composed solely of P to S conversions at velocity boundaries, whose depths can be mapped out through their arrival times. The multiple reflections at shallow boundaries with large velocity contrasts, such as the base of unconsolidated sediments and the Moho, can lead to artificial structures in the CCP images. We develop a refined CCP stacking method that uses relative slowness as a weighting factor to suppress the multiples (slowness‐weighted CCP stacking, SWCCP). We conduct extensive numerical tests with synthetic data to seek the best weighting scheme and to verify the robustness of the images. We apply this technique to receiver function data of NECESSArray in China and the transportable array in western U.S. and find that most of the events in the depth range of 200–400 km shown in the regular CCP images are eliminated. The SWCCP images, on the other hand, reveal a clear negative event under some parts of the two arrays, indicating the presence of low velocity layer above the 410 km discontinuity, which was reported by previous studies.
Complex networks of functional connectivity in a wetland reconnected to its floodplain
Authors: Larsen Laurel G. , Newman Susan , Saunders Colin , Harvey Judson W. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDisturbances such as fire or flood, in addition to changing the local magnitude of ecological, hydrological, or biogeochemical processes, can also change their functional connectivity—how those processes interact in space. Complex networks offer promise for quantifying functional connectivity in watersheds. The approach resolves connections between nodes in space based on statistical similarities in perturbation signals (derived from solute time series) and is sensitive to a wider range of timescales than traditional mass‐balance modeling. We use this approach to test hypotheses about how fire and flood impact ecological and biogeochemical dynamics in a wetland (Everglades, FL, USA) that was reconnected to its floodplain. Reintroduction of flow pulses after decades of separation by levees fundamentally reconfigured functional connectivity networks. The most pronounced expansion was that of the calcium network, which reflects periphyton dynamics and may represent an indirect influence of elevated nutrients, despite the comparatively smaller observed expansion of phosphorus networks. With respect to several solutes, periphyton acted as a “biotic filter,” shifting perturbations in water‐quality signals to different timescales through slow but persistent transformations of the biotic community. The complex‐networks approach also revealed portions of the landscape that operate in fundamentally different regimes with respect to dissolved oxygen, separated by a threshold in flow velocity of 1.2 cm/s, and suggested that complete removal of canals may be needed to restore connectivity with respect to biogeochemical processes. Fire reconfigured functional connectivity networks in a manner that reflected localized burn severity, but had a larger effect on the magnitude of solute concentrations.
Interaction of gem‐Difluorinated Iodides with Silyl Enol Ethers Mediated by Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Chernov Grigory N. , Levin Vitalij V. , Kokorekin Vladimir A. , Struchkova Marina I. , Dilman Alexander D. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA method for the synthesis of β,β‐difluorinated ketones by coupling of α,α‐difluorinated iodides with silyl enol ethers is described. The reaction is performed in the presence of iridium(III) photocatalysts under the irradiation with 400 nm light emitting diodes.magnified image
In vitro and ex vivo assessment of hydrophilic polymer‐ and plasticizer‐based thin buccal films designed by using central composite rotatable design for the delivery of meloxicam
Authors: Zaman Muhammad , Hanif Muhammad 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe purpose of the study was to design a dosage form with ability to deliver drug immediately, hence providing rapid relief in certain pain ailments. Meloxicam (MLX) was selected as a model drug and buccal films were designed by using the solvent casting technique. A central composite rotatable design (CCRD) was used as a statistical tool to design and optimize the film formulations. No noticeable interaction was found between the drug and polymer when they were subjected to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the smooth surface of the film and uniform mixing of drug and polymer. X‐ray diffractometry (XRD) was carried out to observe crystalline and amorphous nature of meloxicam. Differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) analysis was used to investigate the thermal behavior of free drug and drug‐loaded formulation. The prepared film showed good mechanical property as folding endurance was found to be greater than 100 in all formulations. The cumulative drug release was found to be more than 80% in initial at dissolution time of 5 min, when the prepared films were subjected to dissolution studies in phosphate buffer at pH 6.8. Thus, it can be concluded that the hydrophilic polymer and plasticizer have definite impact on formulation and characteristics of rapidly dissolving buccal films and have the ability to prepare a suitable immediate release buccal film of meloxicam.
Room‐Temperature Sodium‐Sulfur Batteries: A Comprehensive Review on Research Progress and Cell Chemistry
Authors: Wang Yun‐Xiao , Zhang Binwei , Lai Weihong , Xu Yanfei , Chou Shu‐Lei , Liu Hua‐Kun , Dou Shi‐Xue 
Published: June 2017

AbstractRoom temperature sodium‐sulfur (RT‐Na/S) batteries have recently regained a great deal of attention due to their high theoretical energy density and low cost, which make them promising candidates for application in large‐scale energy storage, especially in stationary energy storage, such as with electrical grids. Research on this system is currently in its infancy, and it is encountering severe challenges in terms of low electroactivity, limited cycle life, and serious self‐charging. Moreover, the reaction mechanism of S with Na ions varies with the electrolyte that is applied, and is very complicated and hard to detect due to the multi‐step reactions and the formation of various polysulfides. Therefore, understanding the chemistry and optimizing the nanostructure of electrodes for RT‐Na/S batteries are critical for their advancement and practical application in the future. In the present review, the electrochemical reactions between Na and S are reviewed, as well as recent progress on the crucial cathode materials. Furthermore, attention also is paid to electrolytes, separators, and cell configuration. Additionally, current challenges and future perspectives for the RT‐Na/S batteries are discussed, and potential research directions toward improving RT‐Na/S cells are proposed at the end.
A Lithium Amide‐Borohydride Solid‐State Electrolyte with Lithium‐Ion Conductivities Comparable to Liquid Electrolytes
Authors: Yan Yigang , Kühnel Ruben‐Simon , Remhof Arndt , Duchêne Léo , Reyes Eduardo Cuervo , Rentsch Daniel , Łodziana Zbigniew , Battaglia Corsin 
Published: June 2017

AbstractHigh ionic conductivity of up to 6.4 × 10−3 S cm−1 near room temperature (40 °C) in lithium amide‐borohydrides is reported, comparable to values of liquid organic electrolytes commonly employed in lithium‐ion batteries. Density functional theory is applied coupled with X‐ray diffraction, calorimetry, and nuclear magnetic resonance experiments to shed light on the conduction mechanism. A Li4Ti5O12 half‐cell battery incorporating the lithium amide‐borohydride electrolyte exhibits good rate performance up to 3.5 mA cm−2 (5 C) and stable cycling over 400 cycles at 1 C at 40 °C, indicating high bulk and interfacial stability. The results demonstrate the potential of lithium amide‐borohydrides as solid‐state electrolytes for high‐power lithium‐ion batteries.