bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How does corporate social responsibility create customer loyalty? The role of corporate image
Authors: Gürlek Mert , Düzgün Ertugrul , Meydan Uygur Selma 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate whether corporate image has a mediating effect on the influence of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on customer loyalty in independent hotels.

Design/methodology/approach
Data were collected from customers of five-star hotels located in Istanbul in Turkey. The theoretical model was tested with 404 usable data. The results were analyzed by using structural equation modeling (SEM).

Findings
Findings show that CSR creates customer loyalty partially through corporate image in the independent hotels. In addition, it was found that the hotels included in the study carried out moderate level of CSR activities.

Research limitations/implications
The research model was tested in independent five-star hotels. Further studies could be carried out using different independent hospitality companies. In addition, the research was conducted on a limited sample, as hotel managers were not willing to allow direct contact with customers. Further studies could be carried out on larger samples.

Practical implications
This study recommends that independent hotels carry out more CSR activities on social and environmental issues. In addition, direct effect of CSR on customer loyalty is lower than its indirect effect via corporate image. Therefore, if companies desire to create customer loyalty through CSR, they should introduce their CSR activities to customers via communication tools (website, media etc.)

Originality/value
This study examines CSR in terms of sustainable development in the independent hotels. Furthermore, it explains relationships between CSR and corporate image and customer loyalty through the principle of generalized reciprocity specified in the theory of social change.
Contrasting drivers of reproductive ageing in albatrosses
Authors: Froy Hannah , Lewis Sue , Nussey Daniel H. , Wood Andrew G. , Phillips Richard A. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Age‐related variation in reproductive performance is ubiquitous in wild vertebrate populations and has important consequences for population and evolutionary dynamics.

The ageing trajectory is shaped by both within‐individual processes, such as improvement and senescence, and the among‐individual effects of selective appearance and disappearance. To date, few studies have compared the role of these different drivers among species or populations.

In this study, we use nearly 40 years of longitudinal monitoring data to contrast the within‐ and among‐individual processes contributing to the reproductive ageing patterns in three albatross species (two biennial and one annual breeder) and test whether these can be explained by differences in life histories.

Early‐life performance in all species increased with age and was predominantly influenced by within‐individual improvements. However, reproductive senescence was detected in only two of the species. In the species exhibiting senescent declines, we also detected a terminal improvement in breeding success. This is suggestive of a trade‐off between reproduction and survival, which was supported by evidence of selective disappearance of good breeders.

We demonstrate that comparisons of closely related species which differ in specific aspects of their life history can shed light on the ecological and evolutionary forces shaping variation in ageing patterns.
Report of Increasing Overdose Deaths that include Acetyl Fentanyl in Multiple Counties of the Southwestern Region of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania in 2015–2016
Authors: Dwyer Jessica B. , Janssen Jennifer , Luckasevic Todd M. , Williams Karl E. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAcetyl fentanyl is a Schedule I controlled synthetic opioid that is becoming an increasingly detected “designer drug.” Routine drug screening procedures in local forensic toxicology laboratories identified a total of 41 overdose deaths associated with acetyl fentanyl within multiple counties of the southwestern region of the state of Pennsylvania. The range, median, mean, and standard deviation of blood acetyl fentanyl concentrations for these 41 cases were 0.13–2100 ng/mL, 11 ng/mL, 169.3 ng/mL, and 405.3 ng/mL, respectively. Thirty‐six individuals (88%) had a confirmed history of substance abuse, and all but one case (96%) were ruled multiple drug toxicities. This report characterizes this localized trend of overdose deaths associated with acetyl fentanyl and provides further evidence supporting an alarmingly concentrated opiate and opioid epidemic of both traditional and novel drugs within this region of the United States.
Forensic Analysis of Stains on Fabric Using Direct Analysis in Real‐time Ionization with High‐Resolution Accurate Mass‐Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Kern Sara E. , Crowe John B. , Litzau Jonathan J. , Heitkemper Douglas T. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA rapid technique using direct analysis in real‐time (DART) ambient ionization coupled to a high‐resolution accurate mass‐mass spectrometer (HRAM‐MS) was employed to analyze stains on an individual's pants suspected to have been involved in a violent crime. The victim was consuming chocolate ice cream at the time of the attack, and investigators recovered the suspect's pants exhibiting splatter stains. Liquid chromatography with mass spectral detection (LC‐MS) and stereoscopic light microscopy (SLM) were also utilized in this analysis. It was determined that the stains on the pants contained theobromine and caffeine, known components of chocolate. A shard from the ceramic bowl that contained the victim's ice cream and a control chocolate ice cream sample were also found to contain caffeine and theobromine. The use of DART‐HRAM‐MS was useful in this case due to its rapid analysis capability and because of the limited amount of sample present as a stain.
Tiny insects against the weather—flight and foraging patterns of Frankliniella schultzei (Thripidae) not altered by onset of rainfall
Authors: Jones Lachlan C. , Foster Brodie J. , Rafter Michelle A. , Walter Gimme H. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTo survive in nature, organisms may need to take direct action to mitigate specific dangers from their environmental surroundings. Tiny flying insects are thought to be at particular risk from rainfall that would be of negligible concern to larger animals. The study species Frankliniella schultzei is a thrips that inhabits flowers and feeds mostly on petal tissue and pollen. While found to respond in the laboratory to decreases in atmospheric pressure associated with cyclonic conditions (rather than merely heavy rainfall), their responses to conditions preceding rainfall have not been tested in the field. Initial field sampling investigated the relationship between floral development and sites at which male, female, and larval thrips were generally present on sunny days. We then designed a sampling strategy to test if these thrips can anticipate imminent rainfall or storms and so seek shelter deep within flowers, by sampling host flowers (in sections) on multiple days with different weather conditions. Sticky traps were used to intercept thrips in flight, thus providing a measure of flight behavior across different days. The initial sampling found adult thrips primarily at the petal apex of anthesis‐stage flowers where pollen is distributed. We subsequently found that rainfall, atmospheric pressure change, temperature, humidity and wind had no effect on flight behavior of F. schultzei, or on their positions within flowers. These findings suggest rainfall is not a serious hazard for them. Perhaps thrips can survive raindrop collisions during flight, as impacts with water droplets are not expected to break the surface tension.
Unmanned aircraft system advances health mapping of fragile polar vegetation
Authors: Malenovský Zbyněk , Lucieer Arko , King Diana H. , Turnbull Johanna D. , Robinson Sharon A. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Plants like mosses can be sensitive stress markers of subtle shifts in Arctic and Antarctic environmental conditions, including climate change. Traditional ground‐based monitoring of fragile polar vegetation is, however, invasive, labour intensive and physically demanding. High‐resolution multispectral satellite observations are an alternative, but even their recent highest achievable spatial resolution is still inadequate, resulting in a significant underestimation of plant health due to spectral mixing and associated reflectance impurities.

To resolve these obstacles, we have developed a new method that uses low‐altitude unmanned aircraft system (UAS) hyperspectral images of sub‐decimeter spatial resolution. Machine‐learning support vector regressions (SVR) were employed to infer Antarctic moss vigour from quantitative remote sensing maps of plant canopy chlorophyll content and leaf density. The same maps were derived for comparison purposes from the WorldView‐2 high spatial resolution (2.2 m) multispectral satellite data.

We found SVR algorithms to be highly efficient in estimating plant health indicators with acceptable root mean square errors (RMSE). The systematic RMSEs for chlorophyll content and leaf density were 3.5–6.0 and 1.3–2.0 times smaller, respectively, than the unsystematic errors. However, application of correctly trained SVR machines on space‐borne multispectral images considerably underestimated moss chlorophyll content, while stress indicators retrieved from UAS data were found to be comparable with independent field measurements, providing statistically significant regression coefficients of determination (median r2 = .50, pt test = .0072).

This study demonstrates the superior performance of a cost‐efficient UAS mapping platform, which can be deployed even under the continuous cloud cover that often obscures optical high‐altitude airborne and satellite observations. Antarctic moss vigour maps of appropriate resolution could provide timely and spatially explicit warnings of environmental stress events, including those triggered by climate change. Since our polar vegetation health assessment method is based on physical principles of quantitative spectroscopy, it could be adapted to other short‐stature and fragmented plant communities (e.g. tundra grasslands), including alpine and desert regions. It therefore shows potential to become an operational component of any ecological monitoring sensor network.
Rates, characteristics and circumstances of methamphetamine‐related death in Australia: a national 7‐year study
Authors: Darke Shane , Kaye Sharlene , Duflou Johan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAimsTo (1) assess trends in the number and mortality rates of methamphetamine‐related death in Australia, 2009–15; (2) assess the characteristics and the cause, manner and circumstances of death; and (3) assess the blood methamphetamine concentrations and the presence of other drugs in methamphetamine‐related death.DesignAnalysis of cases of methamphetamine‐related death retrieved from the National Coronial Information System (NCIS).SettingAustralia.CasesAll cases in which methamphetamine was coded in the NCIS database as a mechanism contributing to death (n = 1649).MeasurementsInformation was collected on cause and manner of death, demographics, location, circumstances of death and toxicology.FindingsThe mean age of cases was 36.9 years, and 78.4% were male. The crude mortality rate was 1.03 per 100 000. The rate increased significantly over time (P < 0.001), and at 2015 the mortality rate was 1.8 [confidence interval (CI) = 1.2–2.4] times that of 2009. Deaths were due to accidental drug toxicity (43.2%), natural disease (22.3%), suicide (18.2%), other accident (14.9%) and homicide (1.5%). In 40.8% of cases, death occurred outside the major capital cities. The median blood methamphetamine concentration was 0.17 mg/l, and cases in which only methamphetamine was detected had higher concentrations than other cases (0.30 versus 0.15 mg/l, P < 0.001). The median blood methamphetamine concentration varied within a narrow range (0.15–0.20 mg/l) across manner of death. In the majority (82.8%) of cases, substances other than methamphetamine were detected, most frequently opioids (43.1%) and hypnosedatives (38.0%).ConclusionsMethamphetamine death rates doubled in Australia from 2009 to 2015. While toxicity was the most frequent cause, natural disease, suicide and accident comprised more than half of deaths.
Differential effects of the crustose Diploschistes diacapsis and the squamulose Fulgensia bracteata on the establishment of a Mediterranean grass species
Authors: Ghiloufi Wahida , Chaieb Mohamed 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe interest of the scientific community in biological soil crusts has grown exponentially over the last decades. One of the scientific research interests is the study of the effect of these crusts on plant establishment. Findings in this topic have been controversial, and some differences were attributed to crust types. Biological soil crusts dominated by lichens are common components of Stipa tenacissima steppes in arid and semi‐arid environments of the southern Mediterranean. In the current study, we conducted growth chamber experiments to investigate the differential effects of two lichen species with continuous crustose thalli (Diploschistes diacapsis) and with squamulose semicontinuous thalli (Fulgensia bracteata) on seed germination, root penetration, shoot emergence and seed viability of the tussock grass species S. tenacissima. Our results showed that under laboratory conditions, two distinct lichen species had significantly different effects on the establishment of S. tenacissima. Our findings clearly demonstrated that D. diacapsis significantly decreased germination, root penetration and shoot emergence of S. tenacissima compared to F. bracteata. This can be related to differences in morphological and physiological characteristics between crustose and squamulose lichens. Overall, we suggest that D. diacapsis and crustose lichens generally can act as natural barrier to the establishment of S. tenacissima.
Effects of anthropogenic disturbance on tree population structure and diversity of a rain forest biosphere reserve in Ghana, West Africa
Authors: Attua Emmanuel Morgan , Awanyo Louis , Antwi Effah Kwabena 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe evaluated the impacts of anthropogenic disturbance on community structure and diversity along three management zones of the Bia biosphere reserve in Ghana. Sixty sample plots were distributed among the core, buffer and transition zones. We estimated the degree of disturbances from discernible indicators on the field and satellite images. All tree species ≥10 cm dbh (diameter at breast height) were identified and enumerated. Inventory data were compared across the zones and related to intensity of disturbances. A total of 1176 individual trees from 108 species and 33 families were encountered. Number of species varied from 27 in the highly disturbed (HD) to 61 in the least disturbed (LD) zone. Mean basal area (BA) varied from 11.71 in the HD to 28.26 in the LD. Both Margalef's species richness and Shannon‐Weiner's α‐diversity were highest in the moderately disturbed (MD) than either the least and most disturbed zones. Our study revealed significant differences in tree abundance, stem density, BA and species diversity, attributable to differences in degree of anthropogenic disturbances among zones. Given the different levels of anthropogenic disturbance and corresponding impacts across the reserve, we recommend an integrated management strategy for the conservation of biodiversity in the Bia biosphere reserve.
A randomised, controlled trial evaluating a low cost, 3D‐printed bronchoscopy simulator
Authors: Pedersen T. H. , Gysin J. , Wegmann A. , Osswald M. , Ott S. R. , Theiler L. , Greif R. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryLow‐fidelity, simulation‐based psychomotor skills training is a valuable first step in the educational approach to mastering complex procedural skills. We developed a cost‐effective bronchial tree simulator based on a human thorax computed tomography scan using rapid‐prototyping (3D‐print) technology. This randomised, single‐blind study evaluated how realistic our 3D‐printed simulator would mimic human anatomy compared with commercially available bronchial tree simulators (Laerdal® Airway Management Trainer with Bronchial Tree and AirSim Advance Bronchi, Stavanger, Norway). Thirty experienced anaesthetists and respiratory physicians used a fibreoptic bronchoscope to rate each simulator on a visual analogue scale (VAS) (0 mm = completely unrealistic anatomy, 100 mm = indistinguishable from real patient) for: localisation of the right upper lobe bronchial lumen; placement of a bronchial blocker in the left main bronchus; aspiration of fluid from the right lower lobe; and overall realism. The 3D‐printed simulator was rated most realistic for the localisation of the right upper lobe bronchial lumen (p = 0.002), but no differences were found in placement of a bronchial blocker or for aspiration of fluid (p = 0.792 and p = 0.057) compared with using the commercially available simulators. Overall, the 3D‐printed simulator was rated most realistic (p = 0.021). Given the substantially lower costs for the 3D‐printed simulator (£85 (€100/US$110) compared with > ~ £2000 (€2350/US$2590) for the commercially available simulators), our 3D‐printed simulator provides an inexpensive alternative for learning bronchoscopy skills, and offers the possibility of practising procedures on patient‐specific models before attempting them in clinical practice.
Seeking and Finding Positive Youth Development Among Zulu Youth in South African Townships
Authors: Schwartz Kelly D. , Theron Linda C. , Scales Peter C. 
Published: June 2017

A cross‐sectional study explored the presence and power of developmental assets in a sample of youth from rural South African townships. Learners (female = 58%; Mage = 17.1; N = 505) attending three township high schools completed self‐report measures of developmental assets and thriving outcomes. Participants reported contextual assets (e.g., family, school, community) in the vulnerable ranges, with gender, family structure, and school type accounting for some differences. Correlation and regression analyses revealed that five asset contexts (family, school, community, personal, social) were uniquely predictive of thriving outcomes. Discussion focuses on contextual expressions of positive youth development among Zulu township youth in challenging environments.
Phaeochromocytoma in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2: RET codon‐specific penetrance and changes in management during the last four decades
Authors: Mucha L. , Leidig‐Bruckner G. , Frank‐Raue K. , Bruckner Th. , Kroiss M. , Raue F. ,   the German study group for rare thyroid cancer
Published: June 2017

SummaryObjectivesWe describe phaeochromocytoma (phaeo) penetrance in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2) according to RET protooncogene‐specific mutations and report changes in phaeo diagnosis and management from 1968 to 2015.DesignThis retrospective chart review included 309 MEN2 patients from one specialized ambulatory care centre. Phaeo patients were categorized by diagnosis date: early, 1968‐1996, n=40, and recent, 1997‐2015, n=45.ResultsPhaeochromocytoma was diagnosed in 85/309 patients with RET mutations in the following exons (phaeos/all carriers, %): exon 11 (56/120, 46.6%); exon 16 (7/17, 41.2%), exon 10 (14/47, 29.8%), and exon 13‐15 (2/116, 1.7%). Age at phaeo diagnosis differed according to affected exon: 21.9±1.5 years, exon 16; 34.1±11.6 years, exon 11; and 41.8±8.8 years, exon 10. Age‐related phaeo penetrance differed among five amino acid substitutions at codon 634 and was highest for Cys634Arg and Cys634Tyr. Age at diagnosis was 34.4±11.6 years in the early and recent groups. Phaeochromocytoma and medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) were diagnosed synchronously in 21/40 (early) vs 8/45 (recent) and metachronously in 19/40 vs 37/45 cases. Diagnostic methods significantly changed from clinical (22/40 vs 4/45) to biochemical and/or imaging based (14/40 vs 35/45). Phaeochromocytoma diameter at diagnosis was 4.6 vs 2.6 cm.ConclusionPhaeochromocytoma penetrance and age of diagnosis are highly correlated with MTC aggressiveness based on RET mutation status, with higher penetrance and younger age of diagnosis associated with more aggressive MTC. Penetrance steadily increases with age. At‐risk patients require lifelong follow‐up.
Do laryngoscopic findings reflect the characteristics of reflux in patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux?
Authors: Lee Y.C. , Kwon O.E. , Park J.M. , Eun Y.G. 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveTo analyse the association between 24‐hour multichannel intraluminal impedance‐pH (24‐h MII‐pH) parameters and each item of the reflux finding score (RFS) to determine whether the laryngoscopic findings of the RFS could reflect the characteristics of reflux in patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR).Study DesignProspective cohort study.SettingsTertiary care referral medical centre.ParticipantsPatients complaining of LPR symptoms were evaluated via a 24‐hour MII‐pH. Among them, 99 patients whose LPR was confirmed via 24‐hour MII‐pH were enrolled in this study.Main outcome measuresCorrelations between RFS ratings and 24‐hour MII‐pH parameters were evaluated and compared between patients with or without each laryngoscopic finding used in the RFS.ResultsSubglottic oedema had a statistically significant positive correlation with number of non‐acid LPR and non‐acid full column reflux events. Ventricular obliteration and posterior commissure hypertrophy showed a significant correlation with non‐acid exposure time and total reflux exposure time. We also found a significant correlation between granuloma/granulation score and number of acid LPR events. The numbers of non‐acid LPR and full column reflux events in patients with subglottic oedema were significantly higher than those without subglottic oedema.ConclusionAmong the laryngoscopic findings used in the RFS, subglottic oedema is specific for non‐acid reflux episodes, and granuloma/granulation is specific for acid reflux episodes.
Citizen Science: Exploring the Potential of Natural Resource Monitoring Programs to Influence Environmental Attitudes and Behaviors
Authors: Chase Sarah K. , Levine Arielle 
Published: June 2017

AbstractCitizen science programs monitoring ecosystems and natural resources are promoted for their potential to foster environmental awareness and stewardship. We surveyed volunteers in natural resource monitoring programs to determine whether they perceived changes in their environmental attitudes and decision‐making. The majority of participants perceived changes in their attitude toward the resource being monitored, but not in their decision‐making toward the resource they monitored or toward the environment more broadly. While the resources volunteers monitored in this study were diverse, program volunteers themselves were not. Participants were largely white, older, affluent, well‐educated, held strong preexisting environmental attitudes, and were involved in other conservation, research, or management efforts. While engaging this narrow range of self‐selected volunteers has the potential to reinforce existing pro‐environmental attitudes through strengthening social networks, citizen science programs can increase their potential to promote attitude and behavioral change by making a concerted effort to engage a more diverse “citizenry.”