bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selection on the timing of migration and breeding: A neglected aspect of fishing‐induced evolution and trait change
Authors: Tillotson Michael D , Quinn Thomas P 
Published: October 2017

AbstractFishing can drive changes in important phenotypic traits through plastic and evolutionary pathways. Size‐selective harvest is a primary driver of such trait change, has received much attention in the literature and is now commonly considered in fisheries management. The potential for selection on behavioural traits has received less study, but mounting evidence suggests that aggression, foraging behaviour and linked traits can also be affected by fishing. An important phenomenon that has received much less attention is selection on reproductive phenology (i.e., the timing of breeding). The potential for this type of “temporal selection” is widespread because there is often substantial variability in reproductive phenology within fish populations, and fisheries management strategies or fishermen's behaviours can cause fishing effort to vary greatly over time. For example, seasonal closures may expose only early or late breeding individuals to harvest as observed in a range of marine and freshwater fisheries. Such selection may induce evolutionary responses in phenological traits, but can also have demographic impacts such as shortened breeding seasons and reduced phenotypic diversity. These changes can in turn influence productivity, reduce the efficacy of management, exacerbate ongoing climate‐driven changes in phenology and reduce resilience to environmental change. In this essay, we describe how fisheries management can cause temporal variability in harvest, and describe the types of selection on temporal traits that can result. We then summarize the likely biological consequences of temporally selective fishing on populations and population complexes and conclude by identifying areas for future research.
Projecting the future of an alpine ungulate under climate change scenarios
Authors: White Kevin S. , Gregovich David P. , Levi Taal 
Published: October 2017

AbstractClimate change represents a primary threat to species persistence and biodiversity at a global scale. Cold adapted alpine species are especially sensitive to climate change and can offer key “early warning signs” about deleterious effects of predicted change. Among mountain ungulates, survival, a key determinant of demographic performance, may be influenced by future climate in complex, and possibly opposing ways. Demographic data collected from 447 mountain goats in 10 coastal Alaska, USA, populations over a 37‐year time span indicated that survival is highest during low snowfall winters and cool summers. However, general circulation models (GCMs) predict future increase in summer temperature and decline in winter snowfall. To disentangle how these opposing climate‐driven effects influence mountain goat populations, we developed an age‐structured population model to project mountain goat population trajectories for 10 different GCM/emissions scenarios relevant for coastal Alaska. Projected increases in summer temperature had stronger negative effects on population trajectories than the positive demographic effects of reduced winter snowfall. In 5 of the 10 GCM/representative concentration pathway (RCP) scenarios, the net effect of projected climate change was extinction over a 70‐year time window (2015–2085); smaller initial populations were more likely to go extinct faster than larger populations. Using a resource selection modeling approach, we determined that distributional shifts to higher elevation (i.e., “thermoneutral”) summer range was unlikely to be a viable behavioral adaptation strategy; due to the conical shape of mountains, summer range was expected to decline by 17%–86% for 7 of the 10 GCM/RCP scenarios. Projected declines of mountain goat populations are driven by climate‐linked bottom‐up mechanisms and may have wide ranging implications for alpine ecosystems. These analyses elucidate how projected climate change can negatively alter population dynamics of a sentinel alpine species and provide insight into how demographic modeling can be used to assess risk to species persistence.
Differentiating drought legacy effects on vegetation growth over the temperate Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Wu Xiuchen , Liu Hongyan , Li Xiaoyan , Ciais Philippe , Babst Flurin , Guo Weichao , Zhang Cicheng , Magliulo Vincenzo , Pavelka Marian , Liu Shaomin , Huang Yongmei , Wang Pei , Shi Chunming , Ma Yujun 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn view of future changes in climate, it is important to better understand how different plant functional groups (PFGs) respond to warmer and drier conditions, particularly in temperate regions where an increase in both the frequency and severity of drought is expected. The patterns and mechanisms of immediate and delayed impacts of extreme drought on vegetation growth remain poorly quantified. Using satellite measurements of vegetation greenness, in‐situ tree‐ring records, eddy‐covariance CO2 and water flux measurements, and meta‐analyses of source water of plant use among PFGs, we show that drought legacy effects on vegetation growth differ markedly between forests, shrubs and grass across diverse bioclimatic conditions over the temperate Northern Hemisphere. Deep−rooted forests exhibit a drought legacy response with reduced growth during up to 4 years after an extreme drought, whereas shrubs and grass have drought legacy effects of approximately 2 years and 1 year, respectively. Statistical analyses partly attribute the differences in drought legacy effects among PFGs to plant eco‐hydrological properties (related to traits), including plant water use and hydraulic responses. These results can be used to improve the representation of drought response of different PFGs in land surface models, and assess their biogeochemical and biophysical feedbacks in response to a warmer and drier climate.
Late‐onset Pompe's disease in a hemodialysis patient: A first case report
Authors: Eleftheriadis Theodoros , Makri Panagiota , Karakosta Paschalia , Pissas Georgios , Liakopoulos Vassilios , Michelakakis Helen , Hadjigeorgiou Georgios M. , Stefanidis Ioannis 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA 37‐year‐old hemodialysis patient appeared with unusual somnolence during 2 successive hemodialysis sessions. Blood gas analysis revealed hypercapnic respiratory failure and spirometry restrictive lung disease. After exclusion of other causes of restrictive lung disease with chest CT‐scan and cerebrum MRI, electrophysiological study revealed myopathy. Because besides lordosis and limb‐girdle gait the patient was ambulant the possibility of late‐onset Pompe's disease was set and confirmed with evaluation of α‐glucosidase activity and genetic analysis. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with aglucosidase alfa was started. Due to inaccessibility of veins in the arm without the arteriovenous fistula, during the last 1 year, the patient received the ERT through the venous line of the hemodialysis circuit. Three years later the patient remains ambulant without the need of any assistant device and preserved his pulmonary function. This is the first described case of late‐onset Pompe's disease in a hemodialysis patient treated with ERT.
Interdental plaque reduction after use of different devices in young subjects with intact papilla: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Graziani F , Palazzolo A , Gennai S , Karapetsa D , Giuca MR , Cei S , Filice N , Petrini M , Nisi M 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the efficacy of 4 different oral hygiene regimens involving adjunctive interdental cleaning devices in unsupervised young subjects with intact interdental papilla.Material and methodsSixty periodontally healthy subjects were randomly allocated to 4 groups following different oral hygiene regimens (T‐7): use of manual toothbrush alone; manual toothbrush plus dental floss; manual toothbrush plus interdental brushes; and manual toothbrush plus rubber interdental picks. Oral hygiene instructions (OHI) were given. One week after (T0), professional supragingival scaling and polishing was performed, and subjects were then reseen every 2 weeks (T14 and T28). At T‐7, T0, T14 and T28, full‐mouth plaque score (FMPS), full‐mouth bleeding score (FMBS) and angulated bleeding index (AngBI) were taken.ResultsDuring the first week (T‐7/T0 unclean phase), FMPS decreased significantly in all groups except the group using dental floss. At T28, a significant decrease in FMPS (P < .001, all groups) and FMBS (P < .05, all groups except the group using flossing P < .001) was noted. Interdental FMPS showed significantly lower values in subjects treated with interdental brushes or rubber interdental picks vs toothbrushing alone (P < .05). The use of interdental picks was associated with reduced interdental FMBS when compared to flossing (P < .05).ConclusionIn young subjects, with no interdental attachment loss, toothbrushing or toothbrushing and adjunctive interdental cleaning devices such as dental floss, interdental brushes or interdental rubber picks can significantly reduce both plaque and gingival inflammation. Use of interdental brushes or rubber picks reduces more interdental plaque in comparison with toothbrushing alone.
Thermodynamic perspective of Sr‐related degradation issues in SOFCs
Authors: Yin Xiaoyan , Bencze Laszlo , Motalov Vladimir , Spatschek Robert , Singheiser Lorenz 
Published: October 2017

Abstract(La,Sr)(Co,Fe)O3‐δ is very common as cathode material in SOFC applications. Sr in this type of cathode material is very reactive to form secondary phases with other oxides, which affect micro‐structures and properties of the cathode materials, GDC layers and ZrO2‐based electrolytes. The Sr‐related degradation issues, Cr poisoning and volatile Sr species formation, are studied. As supplement to existing experimental knowledge on Cr poisoning, specific thermodynamic aspects for Cr poisoning are discussed. The thermodynamic calculations show that the partial pressure pCrO3 has a stronger temperature dependence than pCrO2(OH)2, and when considering the reaction between SrO and CrO3(g), dependent on different pCrO3 and pO2, different Sr–Cr–O compounds SrCrO4, SrCrO3, Sr3Cr2O8 or Sr2CrO4 could be formed. In addition, thermodynamic calculations show that in the presence of water vapor, formation of volatile Sr(OH)2 is possible as well. pSr(OH)2 depends on temperature, pH2O and SrO activity and can be of the same order of magnitude as pCrO2(OH)2. Volatile Sr(OH)2 can diffuse through the porous GDC layer and react with ZrO2‐based electrolytes to form SrZrO3 precipitates. The reaction between gaseous Sr species and 8YSZ sheet is studied experimentally. The surface of the 8YSZ sheet is investigated by SEM coupled with EDS, confirming the deposition of Sr.
Study of efficacy and safety of noncultured, extracted follicular outer root sheath cell suspension transplantation in the management of stable vitiligo
Authors: Kumar Pawan , Bhari Neetu , Tembhre Manoj K. , Mohanty Sujata , Arava Sudheer , Sharma Vinod K. , Gupta Somesh 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundNoncultured, extracted follicular outer root sheath suspension (NC‐EHF‐ORS‐CS) is a recently introduced technique for the treatment of stable vitiligo.ObjectiveTo study the clinical efficacy of this technique and to determine the viability and cell composition of the suspension.MethodsTwenty‐five patients with stable vitiligo were included in this prospective study. Fifty follicles were extracted from occipital scalp and were incubated with trypsin–ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid to separate outer root sheath cells. The cell suspension was filtered and centrifuged to obtain a cell pellet, which was resuspended and applied to the dermabraded recipient area. Cell viability of the suspension was assessed using trypan blue staining, and markers of keratinocyte stem cells (CD200) and melanocytes (S100) were evaluated using flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry, respectively.ResultsAt 6 months, the mean (±SD) repigmentation was 52 ± 25.1%, and >75% repigmentation was seen in 8/25 (32%) patients. Mean percentage cell viability of the suspension was 80 ± 17.2% with a mean concentration of CD200 + and S100 + cells being 7.91 ± 8.68% and 9.93 ± 1.22% (n = 3), respectively. Recipient site infection was seen in 4 of 25 (16%) patients and a color mismatch in 11 of 25 (44%) patients.ConclusionNC‐EHF‐ORS‐CS is a useful minimally invasive therapy for vitiligo.
Prosultiamine for treatment of lower urinary tract dysfunction accompanied by human T‐lymphotropic virus type 1‐associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis
Authors: Matsuo Tomohiro , Miyata Yasuyoshi , Nakamura Tatsufumi , Satoh Katsuya , Sakai Hideki 
Published: October 2017

ObjectivesTo evaluate oral prosultiamine treatment in patients with overactive bladder accompanied by human T‐lymphotropic virus type 1‐associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis.MethodsThis was a prospective, single‐center, open‐label study. Patients received oral prosultiamine (300 mg) once daily in the morning, and the overactive bladder symptom score and urine levels of overactive bladder‐related biomarkers (nerve growth factor/creatinine and adenosine triphosphate/creatinine) 12 weeks after the initial administration were compared with the baseline values. In addition, the urodynamic parameters, including involuntary detrusor contraction and detrusor sphincter dyssynergia, were evaluated before and after treatment.ResultsA total of 16 patients were recruited for this clinical study. In the overactive bladder symptom score, night‐time frequency, urgency and the total score improved after oral prosultiamine treatment (P = 0.028, 0.001 and 0.004, respectively). Both urinary nerve growth factor/creatinine and adenosine triphosphate/creatinine levels decreased significantly after the treatment (P = 0.004 and 0.017, respectively). Urodynamic studies showed that the maximum cystometric capacity increased significantly after the treatment. However, the symptoms disappeared because of the treatment in six of 10 patients with involuntary detrusor contraction (60%) and three of seven patients with detrusor sphincter dyssynergia (42.9%). There were no serious adverse events.ConclusionsThe changes in urodynamic parameters and urine levels of overactive bladder‐related markers suggest that oral prosultiamine is a safe and effective treatment for overactive bladder with human T‐lymphotropic virus type 1‐associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis.
Public News Arrival and Cross‐Asset Correlation Breakdown
Authors: Ho Kin‐Yip , Liu Wai‐Man , Yu Jing 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis study models and tests empirically the role of public news arrivals in the quote matching across single‐stock futures and underlying stock markets—a trading strategy often adopted by algorithmic traders. Our model suggests that quote return correlation across these two markets breaks down when the news uncertainty is sufficiently large and futures market makers switch from automating the quote matching process to manually analyze, monitor, and update quotes. We show empirically that the breakdown is more prominent for large stocks, and this effect of firm size falls during periods of high‐market volatility. Our empirical results are robust to the effect of distraction due to extraneous news events.
Enhancement in electrical and magnetodielectric properties of Ca‐ and Ba‐doped BiFeO3 polycrystalline ceramics
Authors: Balakrishnan Ramachandran , Dixit Ambesh , Naik Ratna , Rao Mamidanna Sri Ramachandra 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe carried out a comparative study on the electrical and magnetodielectric properties of polycrystalline BiFeO3, Bi0.9Ca0.1FeO2.95, Bi0.9Ba0.05Ca0.05FeO2.95, and Bi0.9Ba0.1FeO2.95 ceramics. The two dielectric anomalies, near 25 K and 281 K, are observed for BiFeO3. Interestingly, the anomaly near 25 K shifts towards a higher temperature above 60 K with Ca and/or Ba doping, attributed to the doping induced chemical pressure. In addition, the room temperature switchable magnetodielectric effect is witnessed for the doped BiFeO3 compounds, due to the quadratic magnetoelectric coupling. This indicates the improved magnetoelectric coupling in BiFeO3 with the Ca and Ba doping. This is essentially due to the enhanced magnetic ordering and reduced leakage current in BiFeO3 after the doping.
Can solute segregation in ceramic materials be reduced by lattice strain?
Authors: Harrington George F. , Skinner Stephen J. , Kilner John A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractLattice strain is a relatively unexplored route to modify the degradation effects in functional oxides for high‐temperature electrochemical devices. In this paper, we present results on the segregation of Gd to the surface of strained Gd0.1Ce0.9O2‐δ films using low‐energy ion scattering to assess the surface composition. The potential for strain‐modified segregation is discussed as well as the challenges in studying and implementing it.
Influence of inverse spinel structured CuGa2O4 on microwave dielectric properties of normal spinel ZnGa2O4 ceramics
Authors: Lu Xiaochi , Bian Wenjie , Li Yaoyao , Zhu Haikui , Fu Zhenxiao , Zhang Qitu 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSpinel Zn1‐xCuxGa2O4 (x = 0‐0.15) ceramics were prepared by the conventional solid‐state method. Only a single phase was indexed in all samples. The continuous lattice contraction of ZnGa2O4 unit cell was caused by Cu2+ substitution, and the lattice parameter shows a linear correlation with the content of Cu. The refined crystal structure parameters suggest that Cu2+ preferentially occupies the octahedron site, and the degree of inversion of Zn1‐xCuxGa2O4 (x = 0‐0.15) ceramics almost equals to the content of Cu2+. The relative intensity of A*1g mode in Raman spectra confirm that the degree of inversion climbed with the growing content of Cu2+. The experimental and theoretical dielectric constant of Zn1‐xCuxGa2O4 ceramics fit well. Zn1‐xCuxGa2O4 (x = 0.01) ceramics sintered at 1400°C for 2 h exhibited good microwave dielectric properties, with εr = 9.88, Q × f = 131,445 GHz, tanδ = 6.85 × 10−5, and τf = −60 ppm/°C.
Explaining prejudice toward the mentally ill: A test of sociopolitical, demographic, and socioeconomic factors
Authors: Johansson Ole J. , Kunst Jonas R. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPeople with mental disorders often face prejudices that can further deteriorate their condition. We tested whether Social Dominance Orientation (SDO), Right‐Wing Authoritarianism (RWA), and Belief in a Just World (BJW), and characteristics of the mentally ill predict such prejudices. Both in a general population sample and a sample of health professionals and trainees, SDO, but not RWA and BJW, predicted more prejudice, although this pattern was less pronounced among health professionals/trainees. BJW interacted with the targets' gender in Study 1, predicting less empathy toward a male but not toward a female mentally ill person. In Study 2, depressed individuals were blamed more for their illness than those with schizophrenia or cancer. Implications for future research and clinical practice are discussed.
Global smoking‐attributable burden of periodontal disease in 186 countries in the year 2015
Authors: Schwendicke Falk , Dörfer Christof E. , Meier Toni 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAimWe aimed to quantify the smoking‐attributable burden of periodontal disease (PD).MethodsThe association between smoking and PD was evaluated. Population, smoking and PD data from the Global Burden of Disease Study were used, and the burden in different sex and age groups in 186 countries in 2015 calculated, adjusted for PD prevalence and numbers of cigarettes smoked. No adjustment was performed in a sensitivity analysis.ResultsThe global smoking‐attributable burden was 251,160 disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs; 95% uncertainty interval: 190,721–324,241; sensitivity analysis: 344,041 DALYs) or 38.5 million cases. The burden was lower in females than males, and highest in the age group of the 50‐ to 69‐year‐olds. On super‐regional level, the burden was highest in South‐East Asia, East Asia and Oceania (83,052 DALYs), and high‐income North America and Asia Pacific (55,362 DALYs). On regional level, it was highest in East Asia (70,845 DALYs), South Asia (30,808 DALYs) and North Africa and the Middle East (24,095 DALYs). On national level, it was highest in China (69,148 DALYs), India (29,362 DALYs) and the United States (12,714 DALYs). The relative smoking‐attributable burden ranged between >25% in Suriname and <1% in Chad.ConclusionsThere is great need to monitor and tackle the smoking‐attributable burden of PD.
Conventional vs. daylight photodynamic therapy for patients with actinic keratosis on face and scalp: 12‐month follow‐up results of a randomized, intra‐individual comparative analysis
Authors: Sotiriou E. , Evangelou G. , Papadavid E. , Apalla Z. , Vrani F. , Vakirlis E. , Panagiotou M. , Stefanidou M. , Pombou T. , Krasagakis K. , Rigopoulos D. , Ioannides D. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIntroductionDaylight PDT (DLPDT) is a new PDT procedure. Several trials demonstrate that DLPDT achieves similar response rates with conventional PDT (CPDT) in the treatment of non‐hyperkeratotic actinic keratoses (AKs) in a nearly painless way. It seems that DLPDT represents a more convenient and equally effective treatment modality. Data on long‐term efficacy of DLPDT are limited.ObjectiveTo compare short‐ and long‐term efficacy, safety and tolerability of DLPDT with that of CPDT in face and scalp AKs.MethodsThe study, an intra‐individual right–left comparison study, was conducted in three centres in North, Center and South Greece. Eligible patients received either DLPDT or CPDT randomly allocated to alternate sides of face or scalp. Patients were evaluated at baseline, 3 and 12 months after treatment. Assessments included lesion response at 3 and 12 months, PDT‐associated pain during PDT session, local skin reactions 3 days after treatment as well as patients’ preference 3 months after treatment.ResultsA total of 46 patients completed the study. Three months after treatment, the overall lesion complete response rate was 78% for DLPDT and 80.6% for CPDT. At the 12‐month follow‐up, response rate decreased to 71.8% and 73.7% for DLPDT and CPDT accordingly. Regarding response based on lesion grade, response rates obtained in grade‐I lesions were higher with DLPDT, while treatment with CPDT resulted to higher rates of cured grade‐II lesions at both follow‐up visits. Results were not supported by statistical significance. DLPDT was associated with significantly lower pain and reduced severity of local skin reactions. Patients’ preference favoured DLPDT.ConclusionsOur study demonstrated that DLPDT is similar to CPDT in terms of long‐term efficacy and recurrence rates in the treatment of face and scalp AKs. DLPDT demonstrated a better tolerability profile as it was associated with lower pain and less severe adverse events.