bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sleep quality during pregnancy: associations with depressive and anxiety symptoms
Authors: Polo‐Kantola Päivi , Aukia Linda , Karlsson Hasse , Karlsson Linnea , Paavonen E. Juulia 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIntroductionSleep disturbances are common during pregnancy, yet underdiagnosed and under‐investigated. We evaluated sleep quality during pregnancy and assessed associated factors, especially depressive and anxiety symptoms.Material and methodsA total of 78 healthy pregnant women from the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study were studied twice prospectively during pregnancy (in mid‐pregnancy and late pregnancy). Sleep quality was evaluated by the Basic Nordic Sleep Questionnaire, depressive symptoms by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, and anxiety symptoms by the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory.ResultsPoor general sleep quality, difficulty falling asleep, the number of nocturnal awakenings per night, and too‐early morning awakenings increased in late pregnancy compared with mid‐pregnancy (all p‐values < 0.020). The total insomnia score (p < 0.001) and sleep latency increased (p = 0.005), but sleep duration and preferred sleep duration did not change. Women tended to snore more often in late pregnancy, but apneas remained rare. Almost one‐fourth of the women reported both morning and daytime sleepiness, but the frequencies did not increase during the follow up. In late pregnancy, depressive and anxiety symptoms were cross‐sectionally related to sleep disturbances, but depressive or anxiety symptoms in mid‐pregnancy were not associated with sleep disturbances in late pregnancy.ConclusionsWe found deterioration in sleep quality across pregnancy. However, no increase in negative daytime consequences was found, presumably indicating a compensatory capacity against sleep impairment. Additionally, depressive and anxiety symptoms and sleep disturbances were only cross‐sectionally associated. Our study calls for further research on the factors that influence sleep disturbances during pregnancy.
Irritable bowel syndrome and active inflammatory bowel disease diagnosed by faecal gas analysis
Authors: Aggio R. B. M. , White P. , Jayasena H. , de Lacy Costello B. , Ratcliffe N. M. , Probert C. S. J. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryBackgroundInflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome may present in a similar manner. Measuring faecal calprotectin concentration is often recommended to rule out inflammatory bowel disease, however, there are no tests to positively diagnose irritable bowel syndrome and invasive tests are still used to rule out other pathologies.AimTo investigate a platform technology for diagnosing inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome based on faecal gas.MethodsThe platform technology is composed of a gas chromatography column coupled to a metal oxide gas sensor (OdoReader) and a computer algorithm. The OdoReader separates the volatile compounds from faecal gas and the computer algorithm identifies resistance patterns associated with specific medical conditions and builds classification models. This platform was applied to faecal samples from 152 patients: 33 patients with active inflammatory bowel disease; 50 patients with inactive inflammatory bowel disease; 28 patients with irritable bowel syndrome and 41 healthy donors (Control).ResultsThe platform classified samples with accuracies from 75% to 100% using rigorous validation schemes: namely leave‐one‐out cross‐validation, 10‐fold cross‐validation, double cross‐validation and their Monte Carlo variations. The most clinically important findings, after double cross‐validation, were the accuracy of active Crohn's disease vs. irritable bowel syndrome (87%; CI 84–89%) and irritable bowel syndrome vs. controls (78%; CI 76–80%). These schemes provide an estimate of out‐of‐sample predictive accuracy for similar populations.ConclusionsThis is the first description of an investigation for the positive diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome, and for diagnosing inflammatory bowel disease.
First‐in‐human randomized study of bimekizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody and selective dual inhibitor of IL‐17A and IL‐17F, in mild psoriasis
Authors: Glatt Sophie , Helmer Eric , Haier Birgit , Strimenopoulou Foteini , Price Graham , Vajjah Pavan , Harari Olivier A. , Lambert John , Shaw Stevan 
Published: November 2016

AimsTo assess safety, pharmacokinetics (PK) and clinical efficacy of bimekizumab (formerly UCB4940), a novel humanized monoclonal antibody and dual inhibitor of interleukin (IL)‐17A and IL‐17F, in subjects with mild plaque psoriasis.MethodsRandomized, double‐blind, first‐in‐human study of bimekizumab in 39 subjects who received single‐dose intravenous bimekizumab (8–640 mg) or placebo (NCT02529956).ResultsBimekizumab demonstrated dose‐proportional linear PK and was tolerated across the dose range assessed. No subject discontinued due to treatment‐emergent adverse events and no severe adverse events were reported. Bimekizumab demonstrated fast onset of clinically‐meaningful effects on skin of patients with mild psoriasis as early as Week 2. Maximal improvements (100% or near 100% reductions from baseline) in all measures of disease activity were observed between Weeks 8–12 in subjects receiving 160–640 mg bimekizumab. The duration of effect at doses ≥160 mg was evident up to Weeks 12–20 after a single intravenous dose, dependent on endpoint.ConclusionsThis is the first study to demonstrate the safety, tolerability and clinical efficacy of a dual IL‐17A and IL‐17F inhibitor, in subjects with mild psoriasis. Bimekizumab showed fast onset of clinically‐meaningful efficacy by Week 2, with a maximal or near‐maximal magnitude of response that was maintained up to study Weeks 12–20. These findings support the continued clinical development of bimekizumab for diseases mediated by both IL‐17A and IL‐17F, including psoriasis.
Colchicine Increases Ventricular Vulnerability in an Experimental Whole‐Heart Model
Authors: Frommeyer Gerrit , Krawczyk Julius , Dechering Dirk G. , Kochhäuser Simon , Leitz Patrick , Fehr Michael , Eckardt Lars 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe traditional gout medication colchicine has been reported to effectively prevent atrial fibrillation recurrence after atrial fibrillation ablation or cardiac surgery in a few clinical trials. Severe adverse events have not yet been reported. The aim of the present study was to assess possible direct electrophysiological effects in an experimental whole‐heart model. Ten rabbit hearts were isolated and Langendorff‐perfused. Thereafter, colchicine was administered in two concentrations (1 and 3 μM). Eight endo‐ and epicardial monophasic action potentials and a 12‐lead ECG showed a stable QT interval and action potential duration during colchicine infusion. Furthermore, there was no significant increase in dispersion of repolarization. However, colchicine induced a dose‐dependent significant decrease of effective refractory period (ERP; 1 μM: −19 ms, 3 μM: −22 ms; p < 0.05). In the present study, acute infusion of colchicine in isolated rabbit hearts resulted in a reduction of ERP in the presence of a stable myocardial repolarization. This led to a significantly elevated inducibility of ventricular fibrillation. In 4 of 10 hearts, incessant ventricular fibrillation occurred. These results suggest a pro‐arrhythmic or toxic effect of colchicine and underline that further clinical studies on potential adverse effects should be conducted before the drug can be recommended for routine use after atrial fibrillation ablation.
To Copy or To Innovate? The Role of Personality and Social Networks in Children's Learning Strategies
Authors: Rawlings Bruce , Flynn Emma , Kendal Rachel 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn our technologically complex world, children frequently have problems to solve and skills to learn. They can develop solutions through learning strategies involving social learning or asocial endeavors. While evidence is emerging that children may differ individually in their propensity to adopt different learning strategies, little is known about what underlies these differences. In this article, we reflect on recent research with children, adults, and nonhuman animals regarding individual differences in learning strategies. We suggest that characteristics of children's personalities and children's positions in their social networks are pertinent to individual differences in their learning strategies. These are likely pivotal factors in the learning strategies children adopt, and thus can help us understand who copies and who innovates, an important question for cultural evolution. We also discuss how methodological issues constrain developmental researchers in this field and provide suggestions for ongoing work.
Comparison of anti‐interleukin‐5 therapies in patients with severe asthma: global and indirect meta‐analyses of randomized placebo‐controlled trials
Authors: Cabon Y. , Molinari N. , Marin G. , Vachier I. , Gamez A. S. , Chanez P. , Bourdin A. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryInconsistent results have been reported regarding IL‐5 blockade treatment in asthma. There were no direct between‐treatment comparisons. Only differences between each drug and placebo were studied. We identified all RCTs with anti‐IL5 treatments for patients with asthma over the 1990‐September 2015 period. RCTs were searched on Medline, Cochrane and Embase. At least 50 patients were enrolled in each study. Outcomes considered were exacerbation rate reduction, FEV1 changes, ACQ‐5 improvement, adverse events and serious adverse events. A global meta‐analysis was first conducted followed by an indirect comparison of each IL‐5‐targeting drug: benralizumab, reslizumab and mepolizumab. Further eosinophilic subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were also conducted in case of heterogeneity. Ten trials involving 3421 patients were eligible for meta‐analysis. IL‐5 blockade significantly reduced annual exacerbation rates vs. placebo by 40% [29–50] (P < 0.01, I2 = 0.61). ACQ‐5 was significantly improved vs. placebo but below the recognized MCID level (−0.31 [−0.41, −0.21], P < 0.01, I2 = 0.11). FEV1 changes from baseline were improved vs. placebo by 0.09 L [0.05–0.12] (P < 0.01, I2 = 0.28). The subgroup analysis identified a slight additional improvement in mean treatment effects in eosinophilic (> 300 mm3/L) patients with severe asthma. Similar patterns and rates of adverse events and severe adverse events were reported with the three drugs. The data interpretations were not affected by the sensitivity analysis. IL‐5 blockade appears to be a relevant treatment strategy to improve severe asthma management, particularly for eosinophilic patients. No clear superiority appeared between the drugs when appropriate doses were compared.
The effect of inhaled corticosteroids on bone mineral density measured by quantitative ultrasonography in an older population
Authors: Sarwar Ghulam , Bisquera Alessandra , Peel Roseanne , Hancock Stephen , Grainge Christopher , Attia John 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIntroductionProlonged use of systemic corticosteroids leads to reduced bone mineral density and osteoporosis, in turn increasing the risk of minimal trauma fractures with their associated morbidity and mortality in elderly populations. However, the effect of inhaled corticosteroids on bone mineral density has been debated in the medical literature.ObjectivesWe aimed to determine the effect of inhaled corticosteroids on bone mineral density measured using calcaneal quantitative ultrasonography in a cohort of older Australians.MethodsData was collected from the Hunter Community Study, a longitudinal cohort of Australians aged 55‐85. Simple and multiple linear regression methods were used to test the cross‐sectional association between inhaled corticosteroids and calcaneal bone mineral density measured with quantitative ultrasound at baseline. A causal diagram was used to determine the minimally sufficient number of co‐variates necessary to determine the unconfounded effect of inhaled corticosteroids on bone mineral density; these included gender, body mass index, smoking, asthma, alcohol use, age, physical activity, and diet.ResultsThere were 152 (6.8%) patients on inhaled corticosteroids and 2098 (93%) controls. Simple and multiple linear regression methods showed a non‐significant effect of inhaled steroids on BMD with slight decrease of BMD −0.010 g/cm2 (95% CI −0.042 to 0.022, P = .55) and −0.013 g/cm2 (95% CI −0.062 to 0.036, P = .61) respectively. Age, gender, body mass index, and smoking were stronger predictors of BMD.ConclusionsNo statistically significant relationship was detected between the use of inhaled corticosteroids and reduced bone mineral density in this observational study of a cohort of older Australians.
Long‐term effects of high‐intensity interval training in heart transplant recipients: A 5‐year follow‐up study of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yardley Marianne , Gullestad Lars , Bendz Bjørn , Bjørkelund Elisabeth , Rolid Katrine , Arora Satish , Nytrøen Kari 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have demonstrated that high‐intensity interval training (HIT) is superior to moderate‐continuous exercise in general and in cardiovascular diseases. Recently, we also found HIT safe and efficient after heart transplantation (HTx). This study reports the 5‐year long‐term effects.Design and MethodsForty‐one HTx patients who had completed the previous 12‐month randomized controlled trial, comparing HIT intervention with usual care, were eligible. In particular, we measured VO2peak, muscular capacity, intravascular ultrasound, and questionnaires measuring physical and mental health.ResultsThe baseline mean±SD values were as follows: age; 49.1±16.5 years, men; 68%, time since HTx: 4.1±2.2 years. Within the HIT group, initial VO2peak increased significantly from 27.7±5.7 to 31.2±5.3 mL/kg/min. However, during the next 4 years, VO2peak decreased to 26.0±6.2 mL/kg/min. The control group showed slightly decreasing VO2peak values during the entire 5‐year period. The HIT group reported significantly less anxiety symptoms, but there were no long‐term differences in VO2peak, muscular capacity, or cardiac allograft vasculopathy between the groups. The similar VO2peak values correspond to our findings of similar everyday activity.ConclusionOur findings suggest that intermittent periods of HIT may be necessary to maintain the initial benefits gained from the intervention. However, HIT probably reduces the burden of anxiety, which is a frequent health issue following HTx.
The Darwin cure for apiculture? Natural selection and managed honeybee health
Authors: Neumann Peter , Blacquière Tjeerd 
Published: November 2016

AbstractRecent major losses of managed honeybee, Apis mellifera, colonies at a global scale have resulted in a multitude of research efforts to identify the underlying mechanisms. Numerous factors acting singly and/or in combination have been identified, ranging from pathogens, over nutrition to pesticides. However, the role of apiculture in limiting natural selection has largely been ignored. This is unfortunate, because honeybees are more exposed to environmental stressors compared to other livestock and management can severely compromise bee health. Here, we briefly review apicultural factors that influence bee health and focus on those most likely interfering with natural selection, which offers a broad range of evolutionary applications for field practice. Despite intense breeding over centuries, natural selection appears to be much more relevant for the health of managed A. mellifera colonies than previously thought. We conclude that sustainable solutions for the apicultural sector can only be achieved by taking advantage of natural selection and not by attempting to limit it.
Collateral ligament reconstruction in two horses following traumatic avulsion fracture using a knotless suture anchor construct
Authors: Bell C. , Torske K. , Lobb B. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryThis case report describes a technique for repair of medial collateral ligament avulsions in two horses. Both horses sustained traumatic injuries resulting in avulsion fractures at the origin of their medial tarsal and carpal collateral ligaments. This report describes the use of a knotless suture anchor to mechanically reconstruct medial collateral ligament avulsion injuries in two horses. The first horse, a 9‐year‐old Hannovarian Warmblood gelding presented for an acute nonweightbearing lameness in the right hindlimb. The injury was localised to the medial malleolus of the tibia and an avulsion fracture of the origin of the short medial collateral ligament of the tibiotarsal joint with disruption of the ligament was found on radiographs and ultrasound. The horse was taken to surgery and a reconstruction of the short medial collateral ligament was performed with a modified single row construct using a biocompatible, multistrand, long chain ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene braided composite suture tape (2 mm Fibertape) and a single knotless suture anchor (5.5 × 19.1 mm PEEK SwivelLock C). The second horse, a 5‐year‐old Thoroughbred gelding presented for an acute nonweightbearing lameness in the left forelimb. The injury was localised to the medial styloid process of the radius and an avulsion fracture of the origin of the medial collateral ligament of the antebrachial carpal joint was found on radiographs and ultrasound. The horse was taken to surgery and a similar reconstruction procedure was performed to the collateral ligament. Both horses were recovered in a Robert Jones bandage without the use of casts or splints and recovered without incident. Both horses are sound and returned to previous level of athletic performance at 18 months and 8 months, respectively.
Allogeneic major histocompatibility complex‐mismatched equine bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells are targeted for death by cytotoxic anti‐major histocompatibility complex antibodies
Authors: Berglund A.K. , Schnabel L.V. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryBackgroundAllogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising cell source for treating musculoskeletal injuries in horses. Controversy exists, however, over whether major histocompatibility complex (MHC)‐mismatched MSCs are recognised by the recipient immune system and targeted for death by a cytotoxic antibody response.ObjectivesTo determine if cytotoxic anti‐MHC antibodies generated in vivo following MHC‐mismatched MSC injections are capable of initiating complement‐dependent cytotoxicity of MSCs.Study designExperimental controlled study.MethodsAntisera previously collected at Days 0, 7, 14 and 21 post‐injection from 4 horses injected with donor MHC‐mismatched equine leucocyte antigen (ELA)‐A2 haplotype MSCs and one control horse injected with donor MHC‐matched ELA‐A2 MSCs were utilised in this study. Antisera were incubated with ELA‐A2 MSCs before adding complement in microcytotoxicity assays and cell death was analysed via eosin dye exclusion. ELA‐A2 peripheral blood leucocytes (PBLs) were used in the assays as a positive control.ResultsAntisera from all 4 horses injected with MHC‐mismatched MSCs contained antibodies that caused the death of ELA‐A2 haplotype MSCs in the microcytotoxicity assays. In 2 of the 4 horses, antibodies were present as early as Day 7 post‐injection. MSC death was consistently equivalent to that of ELA‐A2 haplotype PBL death at all time points and antisera dilutions. Antisera from the control horse that was injected with MHC‐matched MSCs did not contain cytotoxic ELA‐A2 antibodies at any of the time points examined.Main limitationsThis study examined MSC death in vitro only and utilized antisera from a small number of horses.ConclusionsThe cytotoxic antibody response induced in recipient horses following injection with donor MHC‐mismatched MSCs is capable of killing donor MSCs in vitro. These results suggest that the use of allogeneic MHC‐mismatched MSCs must be cautioned against, not only for potential adverse events, but also for reduced therapeutic efficacy due to targeted MSC death.
Impression cytology as diagnostic tool in horses with and without ocular surface disease
Authors: Braus B. K. , Lehenauer B. , Tichy A. , Nell B. , Schwendenwein I. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryBackgroundCytology plays a major role in the diagnosis of ocular surface diseases.ObjectiveTo compare 2 cytological sampling methods for obtaining corneal and conjunctival cell samples regarding irritation for the patient, invasiveness, sample quality and diagnostic equivalence.Study designObservational prospective study.MethodsIn 5 healthy horses, conjunctival and corneal samples were taken bilaterally by impression cytology sampling (ICS) and cytobrush sampling (CBS). Irritation and invasiveness were assessed with an eye irritation and an epithelial damaging score system, respectively. Sample quality was evaluated via morphometric analysis and graded by a board certified clinical pathologist. For the assessment of diagnostic equivalence, 15 eyes of 14 client owned horses with ocular surface anomalies were sampled byICSandCBS. The methods were compared regarding the types of inflammatory cells and/or infectious agents detected and if the correct diagnosis could be achieved. Histopathology served as gold standard when available.ResultsICSwas significantly less invasive and less irritating for the horses. Both methods retrieved cells of overall high quality; the cell quantity was significantly higher inICsamples.ICSpreserved the natural cellular layout. There was a fair, but no statistically significant agreement between the diagnostic outcomes between sampling methods althoughCBSresulted in a slightly greater variability of inflammatory cell types compared toICS.Main limitationsNone.ConclusionsBecause of its low irritability and invasivenessICScan be recommended for cell sampling in fragile corneas and for experimental studies.ICSis especially useful in cases where preservation of cellular layout is advantageous.CBSsamples are easier to obtain because of the small equine palpebral fissure. Additionally, the identification of inflammatory cells within conjunctival cell samples is easier. Overall,CBSis still an appropriate method in clinical settings.
Consumer decision‐making styles and post purchase behaviour of poor for Fast Moving Consumer Goods
Authors: Kumar Arvind , Vohra Anupama , Dangi Hamendra Kumar 
Published: November 2016

AbstractMore than half of the world's population is poor. Certainly, their purchasing power cannot be compared with that of the riches, but it is their collective purchase potential which makes them a substantial market. The fast moving consumer goods (FMCGs), on the other hand, are the fourth largest industry in the world. FMCGs are relatively low cost products and the poor, by necessity, spend a significant amount of their income on FMCGs. So, by virtue of being a large consumer base for FMCGs, the poor are a promising market for the FMCG marketers. But little is known about their buying behaviour for FMCGs as only a few studies have been conducted on them in this regard. This study aims to explore their shopping orientations towards price, quality and brand for FMCGs in the context of one of the largest developing countries like India by exploring their consumer decision‐making styles (CDMSs), especially their price consciousness, quality consciousness, brand consciousness and brand loyalty. Besides it, it also explores their post purchase behaviour and testifies its mechanism with the above mentioned CDMSs in the present context through structured equation modelling.