bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entzündlich-rheumatische Erkrankung des Vorfußes
Authors: Plöger Sebastian 
Published: September 2024

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDer Text beschreibt die Auswirkungen und Behandlungsmöglichkeiten der entzündlich-rheumatischen Erkrankung des Vorfußes, die zu chronischer Entzündung und Zerstörung der Gelenke und angrenzender Gewebe führt. Der Vorfuß ist bei vielen Rheumapatienten von Schmerzen betroffen, was oft zu einer erheblichen Einschränkung im Alltag führt. Trotz Fortschritten in der medikamentösen Therapie bleiben Fußprobleme ein herausforderndes Problem, da viele Patienten eine erosive Zerstörung der Gelenke zeigen. Die Behandlung erfordert einen interdisziplinären Ansatz aus orthopädischer und internistischer Rheumatologie, Orthopädietechnik und Physiotherapie. Ziel ist es, den Krankheitsprozess zu verlangsamen, Schmerzen zu reduzieren und die Lebensqualität zu verbessern. Operative Eingriffe werden bei fortgeschrittener Gelenkdestruktion in Betracht gezogen, um Schmerzen zu lindern und die Fußfunktion wiederherzustellen. Die Entscheidung für eine Operation hängt von verschiedenen Faktoren ab. Insgesamt stellt die Behandlung der entzündlich-rheumatischen Vorfußdestruktion eine komplexe Herausforderung dar, die eine enge Zusammenarbeit verschiedener medizinischer Fachrichtungen erfordert, um die bestmögliche Versorgung der Patienten zu gewährleisten.
Therapeutische Fenster in der Orthopädischen Rheumatologie: die ulnare Deviation der Langfinger
Authors: Maria Pothmann Carina Eva 
Published: September 2024

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Ulnardeviation der Langfinger ist eine häufige rheuma-orthopädische Herausforderung. Durch den entzündlichen, oft auch ossär destruktiven Gelenkbefall resultiert eine Instabilität mit folgender Abweichung der Finger in Richtung der Ulna. Dies führt zu einem meist schmerzhaften, konsekutiven Funktionsverlust mit deutlicher Einschränkung der Lebensqualität bis hin zur Autonomie der Betroffenen. Die Behandlung dieser Deformität ist komplex und erfordert ein tiefes Verständnis der Pathophysiologie sowie der therapeutischen Optionen. Diese Arbeit soll den Lesern als Information und Leitfaden zur Detektion des therapeutischen Fensters und somit zeit- und symptomgerechten Behandlung ihrer Patienten dienen.
Drohende Sehnenruptur beim Rheumatiker
Authors: Arbogast Martin 
Published: September 2024

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Synovialis der Sehnen kann sich bei entzündlich-rheumatischen Erkrankungen ähnlich aggressiv verhalten wie die Synovialis in den Gelenken. Ob epitendinös oder auch intratendinös werden Botenstoffe ausgesandt, die die Sehnenstruktur schädigen, insuffizient werden lassen und letztendlich eine Ruptur erzeugen können. Auch über langdauernde Kompression oder mechanische Kompromittierung drohen Sehnenrupturen. Wie bei traumatisch entstandenen Schäden, werden auch bei entzündlich bedingten Veränderungen Reparationsprozesse in die Wege geleitet, die eine Regeneration der Sehnen möglich machen. Entzündlich bedingte Sehnenrupturen entstehen meist langsam und bereiten wenig Schmerzen. Die Funktionsminderung diktiert das diagnostische und therapeutische Prozedere. Durch die medikamentöse Beeinflussung der entzündlichen Prozesse verlangsamen sich die tenosynovialen Reaktionen. Der entzündliche Sehnenmitbefall ist in keinem Score zur Aktivität der Grunderkrankung mitberücksichtigt. Wann und wo Sehnenrupturen auftreten und in welchen therapeutischen Fenstern dies verhindert werden kann, soll in dieser Arbeit erörtert werden.
Pyarthritis und periprothetische Infektionen
Authors: Carl Hans-Dieter 
Published: September 2024

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie septische Arthritis stellt – als Pyarthritis des nativen Gelenks oder als periprothetische Infektion – einen medizinischen Notfall dar. Da es bei Patienten mit einer entzündlich-rheumatischen Grunderkrankung erschwert zu diagnostizieren sein kann, möchte der folgende Artikel den Leser für dieses Krankheitsbild sensibilisieren und hierzu die Leitsymptome, die diagnostischen sowie die therapeutischen Maßnahmen darstellen.
Die IgA(Purpura Schönlein-Henoch)-Vaskulitis
Authors: Hospach Anton , Müller Dominik , Pohl Martin 
Published: September 2024

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie IgA-Vaskulitis (früher Purpura Schönlein-Henoch) ist eine systemische, immunkomplexvermittelte Vaskulitis der kleinen Gefäße, die gekennzeichnet ist durch die klinische Trias aus palpabler Purpura, Bauch- und Gelenkschmerzen. Es ist die häufigste Vaskulitis im Kindes- und Jugendalter. Die Diagnose ist klinisch zu stellen. Die kutane Vaskulitis zeigt überwiegend eine Spontanremission. Die Nieren sind häufig und in unterschiedlichem Ausmaß betroffen. Bei schweren Verläufen können ein akutes Nierenversagen und ein nephrotisches Syndrom auftreten sowie renale Langzeitschäden verbleiben.
Widely tunable Ka-band optoelectronic oscillator integrated on thin film lithium niobate platform
Authors: Ma Rui , Huang Zijun , Ke Wei , Wang Xichen , Hao Peng , Yao X. Steve , Cai Xinlun 
Published: September 2024

We report a novel widely tunable Ka-band optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) realized by integrating a Mach–Zehnder modulator (MZM), a thermally-tunable add-drop micro-ring resonator (MRR), and a Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) on the thin film lithium niobate platform, with the MZM and the MRR sequentially situated in one of the MZI arms. The MZM is for modulating the optical carrier, while the add-drop MRR is for selecting a single modulation sideband to beat with the unmodulated optical carrier from the other arm of the MZI, such that the OEO oscillation frequency is determined by the frequency spacing between the optical carrier and the selected modulation sideband, while the frequency tuning range is determined by the free spectral range of the MRR. By tuning the resonances of the add-drop MRR, the oscillation frequency can be tuned from 20 to 35 GHz, with the phase noises of −85 dBc/Hz @10 kHz and −116 dBc/Hz @100 kHz in the whole tuning range, which represent much higher oscillation frequency, much wider frequency tuning range, and lower phase noise than those of the photonic integrated OEOs realized with other material platforms reported previously.
Coherent mode and turbulence measurements with a fast camera
Authors: Bartolo Gustavo E. , Yadav Sonu , Fitz Chloelle , Scime Earl E. 
Published: September 2024

This study employs a fast camera with frame rates up to 900,000 fps to measure the transfer of energy across spatial scales in helicon source plasmas and during flux rope mergers and the measurement of azimuthal mode structures in helicon plasmas. By extracting pixel-scale dispersion relations and power spectral density (PSD) measurements, we measure the details of turbulent wave modes and energy distribution across a broad range of spatial scales within the plasma. We confirm the presence of drift waves in helicon plasmas, as well as the existence of strong dissipation regions in the PSD at electron skin depth scales for both helicon and flux rope merger experiments. This approach overcomes many limitations of conventional probes, providing high spatial and temporal resolution, without perturbing the plasma.
Symmetry change of quantum electron solids in double layer MoS2
Authors: Chui S. T. , Huang Meizhen , Wu Zefei , Wang Ning 
Published: September 2024

Electrons in transition metal dichalcogenides stacked on opposite sides of BN of thickness d can form solids, which have no long range position order but are characterized by a finite shear modulus. The melting temperature Tm is characterized by the occurrence of unbound quantum topological defects. Tm of this solid is four orders of magnitude larger than that of previously studied electron solids in Si-MOSFETs. As the density n = n0 × 1012/cm2 is changed so that both the top and the bottom electron densities are the same, for n0 &gt; 1.5 with d = 5 nm, a hexagonal solid is manifested experimentally by a five order of magnitude increase in Coulomb drag resistance Rdrag at room temperature. This resistance change corresponds to a four orders of magnitude better subthreshold slope, the key parameter for semiconductor device low power switching, over existing limits for MOSFETs from “Boltzmann’s tyranny.” The symmetry of the two-layer solid can be tuned by varying the density. The hexagonal lattice becomes soft at n0 ≈ 1.5. There is a further two orders of magnitude increase in Rdrag due to an increase in disorder caused by the large quantum fluctuation of the lattice position that is of 0.4 order of the lattice spacing. The subthreshold slope is improved by two more orders of magnitude. For n0 &lt; 1.5, different phases of the solid corresponding to peaks of Rdrag of different magnitude at different gate voltages start to form. This raises the intriguing possibility of making new classes of devices with ternary and higher order systems where the different phases correspond to different logical states and not just two states of on (low resistance) and off (high resistance).
Engaging with bad (meta)data in historical corpus linguistics
Authors: Vartiainen Turo , Säily Tanja 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this chapter, we discuss some common pitfalls related
to historical data and its use in linguistic analysis. We argue that the
“philologist’s dilemma”, as originally proposed by Rissanen (1989), should be reconceptualized to meet
the needs of the fast-evolving field of corpus linguistics, where scholars
make increasing use of big-data resources and sophisticated statistical
modelling. By providing examples of errors and uncertainties related to, for
example, corpus metadata, sampling, balance, and OCR accuracy, we argue that
corpus linguists should pay increasingly close attention to the sampling and
annotation principles employed in the compilation of historical corpora as
well as to the quality of the linguistic data. We propose that the principle
of “knowing one’s corpus” in terms of its compilation principles has become
all the more important in the age of big-data corpora, where it is not
feasible for individual researchers, or corpus compilers, to validate their
data manually.
Magnetotransport and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy of MnSb12Te19: a new member of MnSb

2
n

Te

3
n
+
1

family
Authors: Mudgal Mohit , Meena Priyanka , Tiwari Vishnu Kumar , Yenugonda Venkateswara , Malik Vivek Kumar , Buck Jens , Rossnagel Kai , Mahatha Sanjoy Kr , Nayak Jayita 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The quest for intrinsically ferromagnetic topological materials is a focal point in the study of topological phases of matter, as intrinsic ferromagnetism plays a vital role in realizing exotic properties such as the anomalous Hall effect (AHE) in quasi-two-dimensional materials, and this stands out as one of the most pressing concerns within the field. Here, we investigate a novel higher order member of the MnSb

2
n

Te

3
n
+
1

family, MnSb12Te19, for the first time combining magnetotransport and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) measurements. Our magnetic susceptibility experiments identify ferromagnetic transitions at temperature Tc
= 18.7 K, consistent with our heat capacity measurements (T = 18.8 K). The AHE is observed for the field along the c-axis below Tc
. Our study of Shubinikov-de-Haas oscillations provides evidence for Dirac fermions with π Berry phase. Our comprehensive investigation reveals that MnSb12Te19 exhibits a FM ground state along with AHE, and hole-dominated transport properties consistent with ARPES measurements.
Influence of vacuum thermal annealing and air exposure on the performance of single-layer MoS2 devices
Authors: Bastante Pablo , Pucher Thomas , Castellanos-Gomez Andres 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Two-dimensional semiconducting materials such as MoS2 have gained significant attention for potential applications in electronic components due to their reduced dimensionality and exceptional electrical and optoelectronic properties. However, when reporting the performance of such 2D-based devices, one needs to consider the effect of the environment in which the characterization is carried out. Air exposure has a non-negligible impact on the electronic performance and vacuum thermal annealing is an established method to decrease the effects of adsorbates. Nevertheless, when measurements are performed in ambient conditions these effects arise again. In this work, we study the changes in the electrical and optoelectronic properties of single-layer MoS2-based devices at air exposure after thermal annealing treatment. Measurements are carried out in an in-situ vacuum thermal annealing system, enabling the recording of electrical performance degradation over time. Moreover, this work shows how hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) capping improves device performance, both in vacuum and after venting, as well as stability, by decreasing the degradation speed by around six times. The results suggest that vacuum thermal annealing and hBN capping are methods to mitigate the effects of air environment on these devices.
Data-driven rapid 4D cone-beam CT reconstruction for new generation linacs
Authors: Gardner Mark , Dillon Owen , Byrne Hilary , Keall Paul , O’Brien Ricky 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective. Newer generation linear accelerators (Linacs) allow 20 s cone-beam CT (CBCT) acquisition which reduces radiation therapy treatment time. However, the current clinical application of these rapid scans is only 3DCBCT. In this paper we propose a novel data-driven rapid 4DCBCT reconstruction method for new generation linacs. Approach. This method relies on estimating the magnitude of the diaphragm motion from an initial 3D reconstruction. This estimated motion is used to linearly approximate a deformation vector field (DVF) for each respiration phase. These DVFs are then used for motion compensated Feldkamp–Davis–Kress (MCFDK) reconstructions. This method, named MCFDK Data Driven (MCFDK-DD), was compared to a MCFDK reconstruction using a prior motion model (MCFDK-Prior), a 3D-FDK reconstruction, and a conventional acquisition (4 mins) conventional reconstruction 4DCBCT (4D-FDK). The data used in this paper were derived from 4DCT volumes from 12 patients from The Cancer Imaging Archives. Image quality was quantified using RMSE of line plots centred on the tumour, tissue interface width (TIW), the mean square error (MSE) and structural similarity index measurement (SSIM). Main Results. The tumour line plots in the Superior-Inferior direction showed reduced RMSE for the MCFDK-DD compared to the 3D-FDK method, indicating the MCFDK-DD method provided a more accurate tumour location. Similarly, the TIW values from the MCFDK-DD reconstructions (median 8.6 mm) were significantly reduced for the MCFDK-DD method compared to the 3D-FDK reconstructions (median 14.8 mm, (p < 0.001). The MCFDK-DD, MCFDK-Prior and 3D-FDK had median MSE values of

1.08
×

10

−
6

m

m

−
1

,

1.11
×

10

−
6

m

m

−
1

and

1.17
×

10

−
6

m

m

−
1

respectively. The corresponding median SSIM values were 0.93, 0.92 and 0.92 respectively indicating the MCFDK-DD had good agreement with the conventional 4D-FDK reconstructions. Significance. These results demonstrate the feasibility of creating accurate data-driven 4DCBCT images for rapid scans on new generation linacs. These findings could lead to increased clinical usage of 4D information on newer generation linacs.
Deep learning–based statistical robustness evaluation of intensity-modulated proton therapy for head and neck cancer
Authors: Liang Danfu , Vazquez Ivan , Gronberg Mary P , Zhang Xiaodong , Zhu X Ronald , Frank Steven J , Court Laurence E , Martel Mary K , Yang Ming 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective. Previous methods for robustness evaluation rely on dose calculation for a number of uncertainty scenarios, which either fails to provide statistical meaning when the number is too small (e.g., ∼8) or becomes unfeasible in daily clinical practice when the number is sufficiently large (e.g., >100). Our proposed deep learning (DL)-based method addressed this issue by avoiding the intermediate dose calculation step and instead directly predicting the percentile dose distribution from the nominal dose distribution using a DL model. In this study, we sought to validate this DL-based statistical robustness evaluation method for efficient and accurate robustness quantification in head and neck (H&N) intensity-modulated proton therapy with diverse beam configurations and multifield optimization. Approach. A dense, dilated 3D U-net was trained to predict the 5th and 95th percentile dose distributions of uncertainty scenarios using the nominal dose and planning CT images. The data set comprised proton therapy plans for 582 H&N cancer patients. Ground truth percentile values were estimated for each patient through 600 dose recalculations, representing randomly sampled uncertainty scenarios. The comprehensive comparisons of different models were conducted for H&N cancer patients, considering those with and without a beam mask and diverse beam configurations, including varying beam angles, couch angles, and beam numbers. The performance of our model trained based on a mixture of patients with H&N and prostate cancer was also assessed in contrast with models trained based on data specific for patients with cancer at either site. Results. The DL-based model’s predictions of percentile dose distributions exhibited excellent agreement with the ground truth dose distributions. The average gamma index with 2 mm/2%, consistently exceeded 97% for both 5th and 95th percentile dose volumes. Mean dose-volume histogram error analysis revealed that predictions from the combined training set yielded mean errors and standard deviations that were generally similar to those in the specific patient training data sets. Significance. Our proposed DL-based method for evaluation of the robustness of proton therapy plans provides precise, rapid predictions of percentile dose for a given confidence level regardless of the beam arrangement and cancer site. This versatility positions our model as a valuable tool for evaluating the robustness of proton therapy across various cancer sites.
Bipartite OTOC in open quantum systems: information scrambling and irreversibility
Authors: Bose Baibhab , Tiwari Devvrat , Banerjee Subhashish 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The field of information scrambling has seen significant growth over the last decade, where the out-of-time-ordered correlator (OTOC) has emerged as a prominent tool to probe it. In this work, we use bipartite OTOC, a particular form of OTOC, to study information scrambling in the atom–field interaction models and the model of the Ising spin chain interacting with a tilted magnetic field. This is done considering the effects of open quantum systems. A relationship between information scrambling, using bipartite OTOC, and irreversibility, using entropy production, is probed under unitary dynamics. The equivalence of bipartite OTOC with operator entanglement is explicitly shown for the Ising model.
Fast and robust production of quantum superposition states by the fractional shortcut to adiabaticity
Authors: Li Guan-Qiang , Guo Hao , Zhang Yu-Qi , Yang Bo , Peng Ping 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The fractional shortcut to adiabaticity (f-STA) for the production of quantum superposition states is proposed firstly via a three-level system with a Λ-type linkage pattern and a four-level system with a tripod structure. The fast and robust production of the coherent superposition states is studied by comparing the populations for the f-STA and the fractional stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (f-STIRAP). The states with equal proportions can be produced by fixing the controllable parameters of the driving pulses at the final moment of the whole process. The effects of the pulse intensity and the time delay of the pulses on the production process are discussed by monitoring the populations on all of the quantum states. In particular, the spontaneous emission arising from the intermediate state is investigated by the quantum master equation. The result reveals that the f-STA exhibits superior advantages over the f-STIRAP in producing the superposition states.
Study of singly anti-charmed pentaquark production in b-factory*
Authors: Hu 胡 Xiao-Hui 晓会 , Xing 邢 Ye 晔 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The b-factories, such as BelleII, BarBar, and LHCb, emphasize the increasing importance of exotic hadron research. In this paper, we discuss the possible production of singly anti-charmed pentaquark states

from B mesons in a b-factory under

(3) symmetry analysis. Discussions of both possibilities have been driven by the hypothesis that the pentaquark state considered in this work, known as the lowest lying state

, could be bound or unbound. We find the golden channels for the production of the pentaquark ground states, such as

. We further estimate the branching ratios for the production of the ground states

from B meson decays. Thus, multiple channels are available for experiments, which may remove certain obstacles to the discovery of new pentaquark states.
Comprehensive constraints on fermionic dark matter-quark tensor interactions in direct detection experiments*
Authors: Liang 梁 Jin-Han 锦汉 , Liao 廖 Yi 益 , Ma 马 Xiao-Dong 小东 , Wang 王 Hao-Lin 昊琳 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Effective field theory (EFT) provides a model-independent framework for interpreting the results of dark matter (DM) direct detection experiments. In this study, we demonstrate that the two fermionic DM-quark tensor operators

and

can contribute to the DM electric and magnetic dipole moments via nonperturbative QCD effects, in addition to the well-studied contact DM-nucleon operators. We then investigate the constraints on these two operators by considering both the contact and dipole contributions using the XENON1T nuclear recoil and Migdal effect data. We also recast other existing bounds on the DM dipole operators, derived from electron and nuclear recoil measurements in various direct detection experiments, as constraints on the two tensor operators. For

, our results significantly extend the reach of constraints on the DM-quark tensor operators to masses as low as

, with the bound exceeding that obtained by the Migdal effect with only contact interactions by approximately an order of magnitude. In particular, for the operator

with DM mass

, the latest PandaX constraint on the DM electric dipole moment puts more stringent bounds than the previous direct detection limit. We also briefly discuss the constraints obtained from experiments other than direct detection.
Next-to-next-to-leading order QCD
EW corrections to Z-boson pair production at electron-positron colliders*
Authors: Li 黎 Zhe 哲 , Zhang 张 Ren-You 仁友 , Li 李 Shu-Xiang 书香 , Wang 王 Xiao-Feng 晓峰 , Li 李 Pan-Feng 攀峰 , Jiang 蒋 Yi 一 , Han 韩 Liang 良 , Wang 王 Qing-hai 清海 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We present a comprehensive analytic calculation of the next-to-next-to-leading order

corrections to Z-boson pair production at electron-positron colliders. The two-loop master integrals essential to this calculation are evaluated using the differential equation method. In this paper, we detail the formulation and solution of the canonical differential equations for the two-loop three-point master integrals with two on-shell Z-boson external legs and a massive internal quark in the loops. These canonical master integrals are systematically expanded as a Taylor series in the dimensional regulator,

, up to the order of

, with coefficients expressed in terms of Goncharov polylogarithms up to weight four. Upon applying our analytic expressions of these master integrals to the phenomenological analysis of Z-pair production, we observe that the

corrections manifest at a level of approximately one percent when compared to the leading-order predictions, underscoring their significance for comparisons with future high-precision experimental data.