bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proportional Recovery From Lower Limb Motor Impairment After Stroke
Authors: Smith Marie-Claire , Byblow Winston D. , Barber P. Alan , Stinear Cathy M. 
Published: March 2017

Background and Purpose—
In people with preserved corticospinal tract (CST) function after stroke, upper limb impairment resolves by ≈70% within 3 months. This is known as the proportional recovery rule. Patients without CST function do not fit this rule and have worse upper limb outcomes. This study investigated resolution of motor impairment in the lower limb (LL).

Methods—
Patients with stroke and LL weakness were assessed 3 days and 3 months after stroke with the LL Fugl–Meyer. CST integrity was determined in a subset of patients using transcranial magnetic stimulation to test for LL motor-evoked potentials and magnetic resonance imaging to measure CST lesion load. Linear regression analyses were conducted to predict resolution of motor impairment (ΔFugl–Meyer) including factors initial impairment, motor-evoked potential status, CST lesion load, and LL therapy dose.

Results—
Thirty-two patients completed 3-month follow-up and recovered 74% (95% confidence interval, 60%–88%) of initial LL motor impairment. Initial impairment was the only significant predictor of resolution of motor impairment. There was no identifiable cluster of patients who did not fit the proportional recovery rule. Measures of CST integrity did not predict proportional LL recovery.

Conclusions—
LL impairment resolves by ≈70% within 3 months after stroke. The absence of a nonfitter group may be because of differences in the neuroanatomical organization of descending motor tracts to the upper limb and LL. Proportional recovery of the LL is not influenced by therapy dose providing further evidence that it reflects a fundamental biological process.
Histopathologic Changes of Human Vestibular Epithelia in Intralabyrinthine Hemorrhage
Authors: Kaya Serdar , Paparella Michael M. , Cureoglu Sebahattin 
Published: March 2017

Objective: To determine whether intralabyrinthine hemorrhage affects vestibular hair cells, dark cells, and transitional cells in human temporal bones. Methods: We examined 9 temporal bone specimens from 9 deceased donors with unilateral intralabyrinthine hemorrhage (the hemorrhage group) along with their 9 contralateral temporal bone specimens without hemorrhage (the control group). We estimated the density of type I and type II hair cells in all peripheral sensorial organs (including the cristae of the superior, lateral, and posterior semicircular canals, as well as the maculae of the saccule and utricle). We also estimated the density of dark and transitional cells in the lateral and posterior semicircular canals. Results: The loss of type I hair cells in the cristae of the superior, lateral, and posterior semicircular canals and in the maculae of the saccule and utricle was significantly higher in the hemorrhage group, as compared with the control group ( P < .05). The density of type II hair cells in the cristae of the superior and posterior canals and in the macula of the saccule significantly differed between the hemorrhage group and the control group ( P < .05). Conclusion: The loss of vestibular hair cells might be the cause of vestibular symptoms in patients with intralabyrinthine hemorrhage.
A Comparison of the Use of Antidepressant Treatment Between Non-Hispanic Black and White and Mexican American Adults With Type 2 Diabetes in the United States
Authors: Perez Alexandra , Cabrera Pierina , Gutierrez Carolina , Valdes Jose 
Published: March 2017

Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine antidepressant use among Mexican Americans (MA) and non-Hispanic (NH) blacks and whites with type 2 diabetes and depressive symptoms. Methods A secondary data analysis based on National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2012 cohort data included 560 noninstitutionalized civilian MA, NH black, and NH white adults with type 2 diabetes and depressive symptoms. Unadjusted and adjusted 2-way ANOVA models evaluated whether there was a difference in the use of antidepressants by depressive symptom level across race/ethnic group. Results Whites were more likely than blacks and MA to be on antidepressant treatment (whites: 41.7%, blacks: 27.1%, MA: 24.2%) and on serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI) (whites: 8.1%, blacks: 2.9%, MA: 2.4%). However, there was no difference in the use of other drug classes or antidepressant use by depressive symptom level across racial/ethnic group. Followed by tricyclic antidepressants (TCA), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) were the most commonly used drug class overall. Approximately 30% of subjects were on antidepressants and among those, 80% were on one antidepressant, all others on 2 or more. Conclusions Racial/ethnic differences were observed in the use of antidepressant treatment but not when depressive symptom levels were incorporated in the analyses. Further studies on the effectiveness of different antidepressants in diabetes outcomes minorities are needed.
The Complexities of “Struggling to Live Life”
Authors: Abdoli Samereh , Hardy Lynda R. , Hall Joanne 
Published: March 2017

Purpose The purpose of the study was to explore and describe perceptions and experiences of young adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) living in Appalachia, Tennessee. Methods Qualitative descriptive analysis of in-depth interviews of 9 young adults (male = 3, female = 6) 18 to 30 years of age living in Appalachian counties in Tennessee provided the basis of identifying the salient concerns from the perspective of this diverse group related to living daily with T1DM. Data analysis was facilitated by using NVivo 11 Pro and consisted of iterative review of the accounts in 3 phases: immersion, reduction, and interpretation. Results Findings revealed that young Appalachian adults had some common, consistent experiences living with T1DM. Major themes included the struggle toward adulthood, the daily struggle of living with diabetes, the strong desire to live life, the supportive environment, the development of one’s identity by diabetes, the disruptiveness of diabetes’ demands, and the pros and cons of technological development in diabetes management. Conclusion Health vulnerabilities are multiplied for young adults living with T1DM in Appalachian Tennessee. Participants pointed to living in communities with social stigma, lack of T1DM knowledge, and lack of access to health care that compares with the quality of care they experienced when in pediatric care. They also expressed fear about pregnancy, diabetes complications, and the dangers of hypoglycemia. Individual and community-based empowerment programs focusing on T1DM accompanied by insurance reimbursement and T1DM policy reinforcement are necessary to reduce health disparities and improve quality of life in this underserved population of young adults in Appalachia.
Planning for sedentary behaviour interventions: office workers’ survey and focus group responses
Authors: McGuckin Teneale , Sealey Rebecca , Barnett Fiona 
Published: March 2017

Aims: As sedentary behaviour is becoming more prominent in office-based work environments, this study aimed to explore office workers’ perceptions of sedentary behaviour, explore potential behavioural strategies to reduce sedentary behaviour in the workplace and identify barriers which may hamper behaviour change. Methods: A total of 140 office workers were recruited and surveyed from the same workplace. The survey included questions regarding perceptions of the relationship between sitting time and health. Following the survey, 12 employees also participated in focus groups to identify potential sedentary behaviour intervention strategies and barriers. The responses from the survey and focus groups were thematically analysed. Results: In total, 88% of all participants surveyed agreed that there was a relationship between sitting time and their health. The most prominent theme identified was musculoskeletal complaints followed by general health and weight gain or obesity. The focus groups identified that interventions targeting reducing sitting time should include education, supportive and knowledgeable managers, and a variety of behaviour change strategies to address individual preferences and barriers. Conclusion: Multiple behavioural strategies were identified, which appear to be appropriate for sedentary behaviour change.
The Tax Exclusion for Employer-Sponsored Insurance Is Not Regressive—But What Is It?
Authors: White Joseph 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Conventional wisdom says that the tax exclusion for employer-sponsored health insurance (ESI) is “regressive and therefore unfair.” Yet, by the standard definition of regressive tax policy, the conventional view is almost certainly false. It confuses the absolute size of the tax exclusion with its proportional effect on income. The error results from paying attention only to the marginal tax rate applied to ESI benefits as a portion of income and ignoring the fact that benefits are normally a much larger share of income for people with lower wages. This article explains the difference and then considers other distributional effects of ESI. It suggests that ESI—for those who receive it—further redistributes toward those with lesser means or greater need. The most evident effect is by need, favoring employees with families over those without. Yet there is good reason to believe there is also a redistribution by income, with the package of wages plus benefits being less unequal than wages alone would be. Therefore reformers should be much more careful before criticizing either ESI or its subsidy through the tax code as “unfair,” especially as the likelihood of enacting something better in the United States seems quite low.
PROBLEMATIKA PEMBEBANAN HAK TANGGUNGAN DENGAN OBJEK TANAH YANG BELUM BERSERTIPIKAT
Authors: Badriyah Siti Malikhatun 
Published: March 2017

Dalam perjanjian kredit yang berkembang di masyarakat, Hak Tanggungan menjadi suatu kebutuhan penting untuk menjamin dilaksanakan prestasi sesuai dengan perjanjian.. Problematika yang diangkat dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana pengaturan hak tanggungan dengan objek tanah yang belum bersertipikat dan bagaimana pelaksanaan hak tanggungan dengan objek tanah yang belum bersertipikat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dan menganalisis pengaturan dan pelaksanaan Hak Tanggungan dengan objek tanah yang belum bersertipikat. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa dalam pelaksanaan terdapat kesenjangan antara peraturan mengenai pembebanan hak tanggungan dengan objek hak atas tanah yang belum bersertipikat dengan pelaksanaan di lapangan. Dengan demikian maksud diberikannya kesempatan bagi pemilik hak atas tanah yang belum bersertipikat untuk memperoleh kredit sebagaimana ditentukan oleh UUHT menjadi tidak terwujud.
POLITIK HUKUM BERDASARKAN KONSTITUSI
Authors: Konradus Danggur 
Published: March 2017

Setiap Negara memiliki konstitusi. Konsitusi lahir dari sejarah bangsa itu sendiri. UUD 1945 lahir melalui Kemerdekaan 17 Agustus 1945. Perumusan UUD l945 oleh pendiri Negara jauh dari pikiran parsial, kelompok dan sukuisme. Mereka berpikir secara kosmotik dan menemukan kepribadian bangsa Indonesia yang terkristal dalam nilai Pancasila termuat dalam pembukaan UUD l945, sebagai landasan mengapa Negara Indonesia dibentuk. Pendekatan sosio-legal dengan kerangka paradigma post-postivisme menjadi pedoman kerangka penulisan ini. Penulis menemukan UUD l945 tidak sekedar dokumen hukum tertulis, tetapi mengandung jiwa bangsa sebagai moral reading dan landasan politik hukum Negara Indonesia. Maka produk hukum mengacu pada konstitusi Negara.
PELAKSANAAN HUBUNGAN KERJA DENGAN SISTEM “OUTSOURCING” SETELAH PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI NO. 27/PUU-IX/2011 DI NUSA TENGGARA BARAT
Authors: Husni L. , Hamzah Any Suryani 
Published: March 2017

Penggunaan sistem “outsourcing” dalam hubungan kerja saat ini sudah menjadi tren bagi dunia usaha karena persaingan dalam dunia bisnis antar perusahaan membuat perusahaan harus berkonsentrasi pada rangkaian proses atau aktivitas penciptaan produk dan jasa yang terkait dengan kompetensi utamanya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan sistem “outsourcing” dalam hubungan kerja setelah Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi No. 27/PUU-IX/2011 di NTB. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis empiris yang dilakukan di perusahaan di NTB. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pelaksanaan sistem outsourcing setelah Putusan MK No. 27/PPU-IX/2011 pada perusahaan swasta di NTB belum terlaksana sebagaimana mestinya.
DISKRIMINASI DALAM HUKUM PERKAWINAN (PENELITIAN ATAS HUKUM PERKAWINAN ADAT SUKU NIAS)
Authors: Savitri Niken , Zalukhu Maria 
Published: March 2017

Kewajiban negara di bawah CEDAW, antara lain, adalah untuk menghilangkan diskriminasi terhadap perempuan dalam perkawinan menurut Pasal 16 dan menjamin hak-hak perempuan pedesaan menurut pasal 14. Penelitian ini mencoba untuk menemukan diskriminasi terhadap perempuan dalam hukum adat perkawinan Nias dan kewajiban Negara berdasarkan Konvensi CEDAW. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persyaratan dan pelaksanaan Nias perkawinan hukum adat telah melanggar UU Perkawinan di Indonesia dan berdampak pada adanya diskriminasi terhadap hak-hak perempuan dalam perkawinan.
Evaluation of serum 25-hidroxy vitamin D and zinc levels in asthmatic patients
Authors: Elevli Murat , Bozacı Ayşe Ergül , Şahin Kamil , Duru Hatice Nilgün , Çivilibal Mahmut , Aktaş Barış Belgin 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Introduction
We aimed to investigate the impact of serum zinc, and vitamin D levels on the development of asthma, and its clinical characteristics.

Methods
In our cross-sectional study; 50 patients who were diagnosed as atopic asthma and 70 healthy children consisted the control group. In both groups levels of vitamin D, and zinc were analyzed.

Results
A statistically significant intergroup difference was not detected as for age, gender, body height (percentile), and weight (percentile) of the patients (p>0.05). Mean vitamin D levels in the asthmatic patient, and control groups were 32.61±9.48 nmol/L, and 42.55±15.42 nmol/L, respectively. Between two groups a statistically significant difference was found (p=0.001). Zinc levels were higher in the control group without any statistically significant difference between groups (p=0.25). A statistically significant negative correlation (−0.635) was found between vitamin D levels, and severity of asthma in the patient group. As the level of vitamin D increased, a decrease in severity of asthma was seen (p=0.04).

Conclusion
Though larger series are needed to arrive at definitive conclusions, we think that vitamin D deficiency rather than zinc deficiency, might convey importance in the emergence, and exacerbation of asthma.
Impact of Direction of Unloading Influence on Template Rate of Perceived Exertion
Authors: Greer Beau Kjerulf , Young Patrick R. , Thompson Brooke , Rickert Brendan J. , Moran Matthew F. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Greer, BK, Young, PR, Thompson, B, Rickert, BJ, and Moran, MF. Impact of direction of unloading influence on template rate of perceived exertion. J Strength Cond Res 32(12): 3407–3413, 2018—It is suggested that exercisers engage in a process of teleoanticipation and create an exercise template based on previous experience with the exercise task that guides their perceptions of the amount of effort required for task completion. This study examined how altering workload intensity during a positive-pressure treadmill task may impact Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE). In a counterbalanced design, 15 collegiate cross-country runners (7 men and 8 women) performed 2 25-minute runs at a constant velocity, while body mass (BM) was either increased from 60 to 100% (low-to-high progression trial [INC]) or decreased from 100 to 60% (high-to-low progression trial) in 5-minutes increments. Oxygen consumption (

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), heart rate (HR), and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) were collected. RPE was recorded at the end of each stage, and energy expenditure (EE) was calculated with

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and RER data. There were no significant differences between direction of loading conditions for

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, EE, HR, and RER (p > 0.05). Between-trial differences in RPE at 100, 90, and 80% BM were statistically significant (p < 0.001), with higher RPEs observed during the INC. Differences in RPE observed between conditions cannot be explained by physiological mechanisms. These findings suggest that RPE is a multifaceted construct that can be impacted by subjectively based anticipatory factors such as exercise intensity.
The Effects of 10-week Integrated Neuromuscular Training on Fundamental Movement Skills and Physical Self-efficacy in 6–7-Year-Old Children
Authors: Duncan Michael J. , Eyre Emma L.J. , Oxford Samuel W. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Duncan, MJ, Eyre, ELJ, and Oxford, SW. The effects of 10-week integrated neuromuscular training on fundamental movement skills and physical self-efficacy in 6–7-year-old children. J Strength Cond Res 32(12): 3348–3356, 2018—Integrated neuromuscular training (INT) has been suggested as an effective means to enhance athletic potential in children. However, few studies have reported the effects of school-based INT programs. This study examined the effect of INT on process and product fundamental movement skill measures and physical self-efficacy in 6–7-year-old children. Ninety-four children from 2 primary schools were randomized into either a 10-week INT program or a control group (CON) (n = 41). Results indicated significantly greater increases in process fundamental movement skill (FMS) scores in INT vs. CON (p = 0.001). For product measures of FMS, 10-m sprint time, counter movement jump, seated medicine ball throw and standing long jump (all p = 0.001), all significantly increased to a greater extent in the INT group vs. CON. A significant group (INT vs. CON) × time (pre vs. post) × gender interaction for physical self-efficacy revealed increased physical self-efficacy pre to post INT, compared with CON but only for boys (p = 0.001). For girls, physical self-efficacy was not significantly different before to after the 10-week period for INT and CON groups. The results of this study suggest that replacing 1 of the 2 weekly statutory physical education (PE) lessons with an INT program over a 10-week period results in positive improvements in fundamental movement skill quality and outcomes in 6–7-year-old children. Integrated neuromuscular training also appears to increase physical self-esteem to a greater extent than statutory PE but only in boys.
A Coach's Dozen: An Update on Building Healthy, Strong, and Resilient Young Athletes
Authors: Faigenbaum Avery D. , Meadors Larry 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT
THE “COACH'S DOZEN” IS A COLLECTION OF 12 PRINCIPLES THAT WILL HELP YOUTH COACHES, PHYSICAL EDUCATION TEACHERS, AND PEDIATRIC EXERCISE SPECIALISTS MAINTAIN INCLUSIVE, SUSTAINABLE, AND ENJOYABLE PARTICIPATION IN EXERCISE AND SPORT.
Implications for Training in Youth: Is Specialization Benefiting Kids?
Authors: Sugimoto Dai , Stracciolini Andrea , Dawkins Corey I. , Meehan William P. , Micheli Lyle J. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT
EARLY SPORTS SPECIALIZATION HAS BEEN A CONTROVERSIAL TOPIC IN THE FIELD OF SPORTS MEDICINE, TRAINING, AND CONDITIONING. RECENT STUDIES REPORT INCREASED SPORTS-RELATED INJURIES IN SINGLE-SPORT SPECIALIZED ATHLETES COMPARED WITH MULTISPORT SPECIALIZED ATHLETES. TWO STUDIES DEMONSTRATE THE PROPORTIONS OF ATHLETES WHO FOCUSED ON A SINGLE SPORT IN EARLY AGES AND ADVANCED TO ELITE LEVEL IN THEIR LATER CAREERS ARE <1%. FURTHERMORE, PERFORMING MULTIPLE SPORTS WAS IDENTIFIED AS AN INDICATOR FOR GREATER FUTURE ATHLETIC SUCCESS. SYNTHESIZING AVAILABLE EVIDENCE, PARTICIPATING IN MULTIPLE SPORTS SEEMS MORE BENEFICIAL THAN FOCUSING ON A SINGLE SPORT. IT IS IMPORTANT TO PROVIDE ADEQUATE RECOVERY TIME FOR PEDIATRIC AND ADOLESCENT ATHLETES BECAUSE THEY ARE IN A GROWTH SPURT PROCESS. FINALLY, BECAUSE A HISTORY OF PREVIOUS INJURY IS EVIDENCED AS A RISK FACTOR FOR FUTURE SPORTS-RELATED INJURIES, PREVENTIVE APPROACHES SUCH AS RESISTANCE TRAINING NEED TO BE IMPLEMENTED WITHIN A TRAINING REGIMEN FOR YOUTH.
New Insights Into the Development of Maximal Sprint Speed in Male Youth
Authors: Meyers Robert W. , Oliver Jon L. , Hughes Michael G. , Lloyd Rhodri S. , Cronin John B. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT
SPEED IS A KEY ASPECT OF YOUTH PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS AND COMMONLY ASSESSED DURING TALENT IDENTIFICATION TESTING PROTOCOLS, YET, LITTLE IS UNDERSTOOD ABOUT THE FACTORS THAT UNDERPIN THE NATURAL DEVELOPMENT OF MAXIMAL SPEED THROUGHOUT CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE. THIS ARTICLE REVIEWS THE ANTHROPOMETRIC, KINEMATIC, KINETIC, AND ASYMMETRY VARIABLES THAT CONTRIBUTE TO SPRINT PERFORMANCE, WHILE EXAMINING THE IMPACT THAT GROWTH AND MATURATION MAY HAVE ON ALL FACETS OF MAXIMAL SPRINT PERFORMANCE IN BOYS. CLEAR GUIDANCE IS PROVIDED ON THE PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS FOR THE STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING COACH THAT SHOULD HELP IN DESIGN OF EFFECTIVE SPEED DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS FOR MALE YOUTH.
Incorporating Unstructured Free Play into Organized Sports
Authors: Barreiro Joshua A. , Howard Rick 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT
PLAY IS AN ESSENTIAL ELEMENT OF POSITIVE YOUTH DEVELOPMENT. YOUTH SHOULD ENGAGE IN ALL 3 TYPES OF PLAY (UNSTRUCTURED, SEMISTRUCTURED, AND STRUCTURED) TO BEST PROMOTE PHYSICAL LITERACY, MOTOR SKILL PROFICIENCY AND MUSCLE STRENGTH, LONG-TERM ATHLETIC DEVELOPMENT, AND FUN. UNFORTUNATELY, HOWEVER, EMPHASIS IS TOO OFTEN PLACED ON STRUCTURED PLAY, SUCH AS PLAYING ON A SPORTS TEAM, POTENTIALLY AT THE EXPENSE OF MOTOR SKILL MASTERY. OVERUSE, INJURY, AND DROPPING OUT OF SPORTS ARE POSSIBLE CONSEQUENCES OF SPORTS SPECIALIZATION. THIS ARTICLE DESCRIBES HOW PLAY POSITIVELY INFLUENCES ATHLETICISM AND LIFETIME PARTICIPATION IN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND RECOMMENDS HOW TO BALANCE AND INTEGRATE FREE PLAY INTO SPORTS PRACTICE.
The Risks of Sports Specialization in the Adolescent Female Athlete
Authors: Jayanthi Neeru A. , Dugas Lara R. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT
SINGLE-SPORT SPECIALIZED TRAINING HAS LED TO AN EMERGING RISK OF OVERUSE INJURY AND BURNOUT. HOWEVER, MUCH OF THE ATTENTION ON THIS TOPIC HAS FOCUSED ON YOUNG MALE ATHLETES WITH LIMITED DATA AVAILABLE ON FEMALES. THE PURPOSE OF THIS ARTICLE IS TO OUTLINE THE POTENTIAL RISKS AND SPORTS-SPECIFIC TRENDS IN THE ADOLESCENT ATHLETES, WITH AN EMPHASIS ON SPORTS SPECIALIZATION IN FEMALES. THERE IS EMERGING EVIDENCE OF AN INCREASE IN INJURIES AND OVERUSE INJURIES RELATED TO THE DEGREE OF SPORTS SPECIALIZATION IN FEMALE ATHLETES. ADOLESCENT FEMALE ATHLETES WHO SPECIALIZE IN A SINGLE SPORT AND PARTICIPATE IN INDIVIDUAL SPORTS SHOULD BE MONITORED FOR POTENTIAL INCREASED RISK OF OVERUSE INJURIES.