bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Bio‐Inspired Rod‐Shaped Nanoplatform for Strongly Infecting Tumor Cells and Enhancing the Delivery Efficiency of Anticancer Drugs
Authors: Li Dan , Tang Zhaomin , Gao Yuqian , Sun Huili , Zhou Shaobing 
Published: November 2015

The rapid clearance of circulating nanocarriers in blood during systemic drug delivery remains a challenging hurdle in cancer chemotherapy. Here, inspired by the unique features of bacterial pathogens, an original biodegradable polymer micellar system with a rod‐like shape similar to the morphology of bacterial pathogens is developed. These novel nanocarriers have excellent features such as a great capacity of overcoming the rapid clearance of reticuloendothelial system (RES) with long blood circulation, high cellular internalization, and enhanced therapeutic efficacy against cancers. In vivo pharmacokinetic studies in mice reveal that the rod‐like micelles of ≈40 nm in diameter and 600 nm in length possess a minimal uptake by the RES and excellent blood circulation half‐lives (t1/2β = 24.23 ± 2.87 h) for carrying doxorubicin in contrast to spheres (t1/2β = 8.39 ± 0.53 h). The antitumor activity of the rod‐shaped micelles in Balb/c mice bearing H22 tumor xenograft models reveals that they are promptly internalized by tumor cells, resulting in their superior potency and efficacy against artificial solid tumors. These findings suggest that the bio‐inspired nanocarriers as an emerging drug delivery platform may have considerable benefits for enhancing the delivery efficiency of anticancer drugs and in turn enhancing cancer therapy in future clinical applications.
Synthesis of Chiral 3‐Substituted 1,3,4,5‐Tetrahydro‐1,4‐benzo‐ diazepin‐2‐ones via a Domino Copper‐Catalyzed SN2/Coupling Reaction
Authors: Lu Dongming , Ma Chang , Yuan Shuai , Zhou Lihong , Zeng Qingle 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA novel protocol for the facile synthesis of chiral 3‐substituted 1,3,4,5‐tetrahydrobenzo[e][1,4]diazepin‐2‐ones via a domino reaction has been developed, which involves a cascade of SN2 nucleophilic substitution and copper‐catalyzed CN coupling reactions of α‐amino acid amides and ortho‐halobenzyl halides. This protocol has some merits, such as one‐pot process, easy operation, a wide scope of substrates. Furthermore, no heavy racemization occurs during the reaction.magnified image
Synthesis of 2‐Acylselenophenes via Iodine‐Promoted Nucleophilic Cyclization of [2‐(Butylselanyl)phenyl]‐propynols
Authors: Pistoia Renan P. , Roehrs Juliano A. , Back Davi F. , Zeni Gilson 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWe describe the synthesis of [2‐(butylselanyl)phenyl]propynols and their application as substrates in intramolecular iodine‐promoted nucleophilic cyclization reactions for the preparation of 2‐acylselenophenes. [2‐(Butylselanyl)phenyl]propynols were prepared by nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions of 2‐halobenzaldehydes with lithium butylselenolate followed by alkynylation of the carbonyl function with lithium acetylides. Effects of solvent, temperature, reaction time and iodine amount on the efficiency of the cyclization reactions were investigated. The results demonstrated that the best yields of 2‐acylselenophenes were obtained when iodine (1.1 equiv.) and ethanol (3 mL) at room temperature were applied to [2‐(butylselanyl)phenyl]propynols. The utility of 2‐acylselenophene derivatives was also studied through alkynylation of a carbonyl group to obtain the alkynol derivatives followed by an electrophilic cyclization reaction to give selenophene‐fused aromatic compounds. The 2‐acylselenophene was also applied as a substrate in cyanation reactions.magnified image
para‐Selective CH Amidation of Simple Arenes with Nitriles
Authors: Xiang Shi‐Kai , Li Jin‐Mei , Huang He , Feng Chun , Ni Hai‐Liang , Chen Xiao‐Zhen , Wang Bi‐Qin , Zhao Ke‐Qing , Hu Ping , Redshaw Carl 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA para‐selective CH amidation of simple arenes with nitriles has been developed. By increasing the amount of arenes, a further meta‐selective CH arylation of the produced amides occurred. Both steric and electronic effects are utilized to control the selectivity, resulting in only para‐selective amidation products. The readily available nitriles as amidation reagents instead of amides makes the synthesis of N‐arylamides more accessible.magnified image
Three Solvent‐Free Catalytic Approaches to the Acetal Functionalization of Carbohydrates and Their Applicability to One‐Pot Generation of Orthogonally Protected Building Blocks
Authors: Traboni Serena , Bedini Emiliano , Giordano Maddalena , Iadonisi Alfonso 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThree alternative protocols were developed to carry out the selective installation of acetal groups on carbohydrates and polyols under mildly acidic, solvent‐free conditions. One protocol is based on a diol/aldehyde condensation at room temperature, with an acetolysis process serving for the activation of the carbonyl component. A second approach is based on an orthoester‐mediated activation of the carbonyl component at high temperature. The third protocol is instead entailing a transacetalation mechanism. Combination of these methods allows a wide set of acetal‐protected building blocks to be accessed in short times under very simple experimental conditions working under air. The scope of the latter two approaches was also extended to unusual one‐pot synthetic sequences leading to concomitant Fischer glycosidation/acetal protection of reducing sugars.magnified image
Semiconducting Fabrics by In Situ Topochemical Synthesis of Polydiacetylene: A New Dimension to the Use of Organogels
Authors: Krishnan Baiju P. , Mukherjee Somnath , Aneesh Pacheri M. , Namboothiry Manoj A. G. , Sureshan Kana M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA diyne functionalized 4,6‐O‐benzylidene β‐d‐galactopyranoside gelator, which can align its diyne motifs upon self‐assembly (gelation) have been synthesized. The organogel formed by this gelator undergoes topochemical polymerization to polydiacetylene (PDA) under photoirradiation. This strategically designed gelator has been used to make semi‐conducting fabrics. By developing the organogel on the fabrics, the gelator molecules were made not only to self‐assemble on the fibers, but also to adhere to fabrics through hydrogen bonding. UV irradiation of the gel‐coated fabric/fiber resulted in the formation of PDA on fibers. The benzylidene motif could be deprotected to get PDA with pendant free sugars that strongly bind to the cotton fibrils through multiple hydrogen bonds. Conductivity measurements revealed the semiconducting nature of these fabrics.
Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (−)‐Martinellic Acid
Authors: Pappoppula Mukesh , Aponick Aaron 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAn enantioselective total synthesis of martinellic acid is described. The pyrroloquinoline alkaloid core is efficiently prepared from a quinoline, employing a method which relies on a newly developed Cu‐catalyzed enantioselective alkynylation using the chiral imidazole‐based biaryl P,N ligand StackPhos to establish the absolute stereochemistry. The remaining carbon atoms are then installed by means of a diastereoselective Pd‐catalyzed decarboxylative allylation and the synthesis is completed after straightforward functional‐group manipulation. This new synthetic method enables the most concise enantioselective synthesis of this important class of molecules to date.
The Electrochemical Characterization of Single Core–Shell Nanoparticles
Authors: Holt Lucy R. , Plowman Blake J. , Young Neil P. , Tschulik Kristina , Compton Richard G. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWe report the direct solution‐phase characterization of individual gold‐core silver‐shell nanoparticles through an electrochemical means, with selectivity achieved between the core and shell components based on their different redox activities. The electrochemically determined core–shell sizes are in excellent agreement with electron microscopy‐based results, successfully demonstrating the electrochemical characterization of individual core–shell nanoparticles.
A High‐Throughput Platform for Formulating and Screening Multifunctional Nanoparticles Capable of Simultaneous Delivery of Genes and Transcription Factors
Authors: Liu Yang , Du Juanjuan , Choi Jin‐sil , Chen Kuan‐Ju , Hou Shuang , Yan Ming , Lin Wei‐Yu , Chen Kevin Sean , Ro Tracy , Lipshutz Gerald S. , Wu Lily , Shi Linqi , Lu Yunfeng , Tseng Hsian‐Rong , Wang Hao 
Published: November 2015

AbstractSimultaneous delivery of multiple genes and proteins (e.g., transcription factors; TFs) is an emerging issue surrounding therapeutic research due to their ability to regulate cellular circuitry. Current gene and protein delivery strategies, however, are based on slow batch synthesis, which is ineffective, poorly controlled, and incapable of simultaneous delivery of both genes and proteins with synergistic functions. Consequently, advances in this field have been limited to in vitro studies. Here, by integrating microfluidic technologies with a supramolecular synthetic strategy, we present a high‐throughput approach for formulating and screening multifunctional supramolecular nanoparticles (MFSNPs) self‐assembled from a collection of functional modules to achieve simultaneous delivery of one gene and TF with unprecedented efficiency both in vitro and in vivo. We envision that this new approach could open a new avenue for immunotherapy, stem cell reprogramming, and other therapeutic applications.
Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Vinyl Boronates and Vinyl Silanes via Atom‐Economical Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Alkene–Alkyne Coupling
Authors: Trost Barry M. , Koester Dennis C. , Herron Alastair N. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe synthesis of vinyl boronates and vinyl silanes was achieved by employing a Ru‐catalyzed alkene–alkyne coupling reaction of allyl boronates or allyl silanes with various alkynes. The double bond geometry in the generated vinyl boronates can be remotely controlled by the juxtaposing boron‐ and silicon groups on the alkyne substrate. The synthetic utility of the coupling products has been demonstrated in a variety of synthetic transformations, including iterative cross‐coupling reactions, and a Chan‐Lam‐type allyloxylation followed by a Claisen rearrangement. A sequential one‐pot alkene‐alkyne‐coupling/allylation‐sequence with an aldehyde to deliver a highly complex α‐silyl‐β‐hydroxy olefin with a handle for further functionalization was also realized.
In situ incorporation of monodisperse drug nanoparticles into hydrogel scaffolds for hydrophobic drug release
Authors: Zhang JingJing , Zhao LiSheng , Zhang JianJun , Zhang ZhiBing , Le Yuan , Wen Ning , Wang JieXin 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTThe effective and locally sustained delivery of hydrophobic drug with hydrogels as carriers is still a challenge owing to the inherent incompatibility of hydrophilic hydrogel network and hydrophobic drug. One promising approach is to use porous hydrogels to encapsulate and deliver hydrophobic drug in the form of nanoparticles to the disease sites. However, this approach is currently limited by the inability to load concentrated hydrophobic drug nanoparticles into the hydrogels because of the severe nanoparticle aggregation during the loading process. In this article, we firstly designed and fabricated efficient drug nanoparticles embedded hydrogels for hydrophobic drug delivery by incorporating monodisperse silybin (hydrophobic drug for liver protection) nanoparticles into acrylated hyaluronic acid (HA‐AC) based hydrogels through in situ cross‐linking. The silybin nanoparticles embedded hydrogel scaffolds proved to be a good sustained release system with a long period of 36 h. The drug release from this hybrid hydrogels could be modulated by tuning HA‐AC concentration, cross‐linking ratio, chain length of cross‐linker and drug loading amount. The different kinetic models were applied, and it was observed that the release profile of silybin best followed the Hixson‐Crowell model for the release of drug from the hydrogels embedding silybin nanoparticles. It could be envisioned that this process would significantly advance the potential applications of hydrogel scaffolds mediated hydrophobic drug delivery in clinical therapies. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43111.
Influence of hydrogen bonding interactions on the properties of ultraviolet‐curable coatings
Authors: Shen Lu , Zheng Jian , Wang Ying , Lu Mangeng , Wu Kun 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTPhenolic novolac type epoxy resin has been modified with acrylic acid (AA) and 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) to form ultraviolet‐curable coatings, and integrated performances of the coatings were evaluated. It was found that the hydrogen bonding interactions among the oligomers became stronger along with the increase of AMPS content, thus the oligomer viscosity and a variety of polymer properties were affected. The polar hydrogen bond donors significantly enhanced the adhesion strength and surface wetting behavior of the coatings. Meanwhile, hydrogen bonding interactions can also reinforce the three‐dimensional structure of the film as in polymeric state, which potentially increased its glass transition temperature and mechanical properties. Results of chemical resistance showed that coatings modified with moderate amount of AMPS could be completely removed in several minutes when exposed to alkali solution or anhydrous ethanol. With these attractive features, modified films had prospective applications in temporary protective coatings. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43113.
Independent Evolution of Suction Feeding in Neobatrachia: Feeding Mechanisms in Two Species of Telmatobius (Anura:Telmatobiidae)
Authors: Barrionuevo José Sebastián 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTThe most common feeding mechanism among aquatic vertebrates as fishes, turtles, and salamanders is inertial suction. However, among the more than 6,400 species of anurans, suction feeding occurs only in pipids. Pipidae is a small basal lineage relative to Neobatrachia, an enormous clade that contains about 96% of extant anurans. The Andean neobatrachian frogs of the genus Telmatobius include strictly aquatic and semiaquatic species. Diet analyses indicate that some species of Telmatobius feed on strictly aquatic prey, but until now their feeding mechanisms have been unknown. Herein, the feeding mechanisms in two species of Telmatobius, that represent the two predominant modes of life in the genus, are explored. The semiaquatic T. oxycephalus and the fully aquatic T. rubigo are studied using high‐speed cinematography and standard anatomical techniques to provide a qualitative approach to feeding behavior and a detailed morphological description of the mouth, tongue, hyoid and related muscles. T. oxycephalus uses similar mechanisms of aquatic prey capture as do the vast majority of anurans that are capable of forage in water, whereas the fully aquatic T. rubigo is an inertial suction feeder. This is the first report of an objective record of this unique feeding behavior in a Neobatrachian. Several morphological characters seem to be related with this function and are convergent with those of pipids. Anat Rec, 299:181–196, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Imaging the Waters of Angkor: A Method for Semi‐Automated Pond Extraction from LiDAR Data
Authors: Hanus Kasper , Evans Damian 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis article presents new archaeological data concerning the Greater Angkor region, home to successive capitals of the medieval Khmer Empire from the ninth to fifteenth centuries ad. Angkor is recognized as one of the most extensive low‐density urban complexes of the pre‐industrial world. One of the most striking features in the landscape of Angkor is the enormous assemblage of hydraulic infrastructure, including two artificial reservoirs each covering around 15 km2. However, in parallel to this massive, state‐level system of water management, we also see evidence at Angkor of a smaller‐scale system of household or community ponds in the urban core. These were described by the Chinese envoy Zhou Daguan, who visited Angkor in the late thirteenth century ad. His account includes the important information that each cistern was used by one to three families. The validity of this historical account can now be assessed using a precise map of the archaeological landscape that was created in 2012 using airborne laser scanning (‘ALS’ or ‘LiDAR’, light detection and ranging). The LiDAR data allow us to arrive at new insights into the demography of medieval Angkor. Using an algorithm for semi‐automatic pond detection in the ALS‐derived data it was possible to map over three thousand cisterns and from this to make inferences about population density in central Angkor. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Comparison of Accuracy and Precision in Remote Sensing Stone‐walled Structures with Google Earth, High Resolution Aerial Photography and LiDAR; a Case Study from the South African Iron Age
Authors: Sadr Karim 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIn the southern Gauteng Province of South Africa we have used Google Earth satellite imagery to survey some 8000 km2 of landscape to record stone‐walled structures. Around 7000 such structures have been located but we wonder how many, and which types of structures we have missed because of the relatively low resolution of Google Earth imagery, and how this might affect our interpretation of the archaeological sequence in the study area. Here we objectively compare three high resolution remote sensing views (low altitude aerial photography, LiDAR greyscale visualization and LiDAR hillshade visualization) of a 49 ha focus zone. We can confirm significant differences in the results from the different platforms, but each has its advantages. We then compare these results with our Google Earth survey within the same 49 ha focus area. Even though Google Earth imagery cannot match the high resolution views and fails to reveal significant detail which can negatively affect archaeological interpretations of the regional sequence of occupation, we conclude that for our large‐scale regional remote sensing survey in the southern Gauteng it remains the only viable option for now. LiDAR and high resolution aerial photographs should be deployed on smaller areas of high interest to obtain maximum information, but they are impractical for regional coverage. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Soft, Oxidative Stripping of Alkyl Thiolate Ligands from Hydroxyapatite‐Supported Gold Nanoclusters for Oxidation Reactions
Authors: Zhang Bin , Fang Jun , Li Jingguo , Lau Jun Jie , Mattia Davide , Zhong Ziyi , Xie Jianping , Yan Ning 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA strategy for the mild deprotection of alkyl‐thiolated (6‐mercaptohexanoic acid, MHA, and 3‐mercaptopropanoic acid, MPA) gold nanoclusters (Au NCs) supported on hydroxyapatite (HAP) has been developed by employing a peroxide (tert‐butyl hydroperoxide, TBHP, or hydrogen peroxide, H2O2) as an oxidant. The thiol ligands on the supported Au NCs were removed after oxidation, and the size and integrity of the supported clusters were well‐preserved. The bare gold clusters on HAP after removal of the ligands were catalytically effective for the epoxidation of styrene and the aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohol. These two reactions were also investigated on calcined Au NCs that were supported on HAP for comparison, and the resulting Au NCs that were prepared by using this new strategy showed superior catalytic activity.
High‐performance computational analysis and peptide screening from databases of cyclotides from poaceae
Authors: Porto William F. , Miranda Vivian J. , Pinto Michelle F. S. , Dohms Stephan M. , Franco Octavio L. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTCyclotides are a family of head‐to‐tail cyclized peptides containing three conserved disulfide bonds, in a structural scaffold also known as a cyclic cysteine knot. Due to the high degree of cysteine conservation, novel members from this peptide family can be identified in protein databases through a search through regular expression (REGEX). In this work, six novel cyclotide‐like precursors from the Poaceae were identified from NCBI's non‐redundant protein database by the use of REGEX. Two out of six sequences (named Zea mays L and M) showed an Asp residue in the C‐terminal, which indicated that they could be cyclic. Gene expression in maize tissues was investigated, showing that the previously described cyclotide‐like Z. mays J is expressed in the roots. According to molecular dynamics, the structure of Z. mays J seems to be stable, despite the putative absence of cyclization. As regards cyclotide evolution, it was hypothesized that this is an outcome from convergent evolution and/or horizontal gene transfer. The results showed that peptide screening from databases should be performed periodically in order to include novel sequences, which are deposited as the databases grow. Indeed, the advances in computational and experimental methods will together help to answer key questions and reach new horizons in defense‐related peptide identification. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 106: 109–118, 2016.
Structural basis for the development of SARS 3CL protease inhibitors from a peptide mimic to an aza‐decaline scaffold
Authors: Teruya Kenta , Hattori Yasunao , Shimamoto Yasuhiro , Kobayashi Kazuya , Sanjoh Akira , Nakagawa Atsushi , Yamashita Eiki , Akaji Kenichi 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTDesign of inhibitors against severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) chymotrypsin‐like protease (3CLpro) is a potentially important approach to fight against SARS. We have developed several synthetic inhibitors by structure‐based drug design. In this report, we reveal two crystal structures of SARS 3CLpro complexed with two new inhibitors based on our previous work. These structures combined with six crystal structures complexed with a series of related ligands reported by us are collectively analyzed. To these eight complexes, the structural basis for inhibitor binding was analyzed by the COMBINE method, which is a chemometrical analysis optimized for the protein–ligand complex. The analysis revealed that the first two latent variables gave a cumulative contribution ratio of r2 = 0.971. Interestingly, scores using the second latent variables for each complex were strongly correlated with root mean square deviations (RMSDs) of side‐chain heavy atoms of Met49 from those of the intact crystal structure of SARS‐3CLpro (r = 0.77) enlarging the S2 pocket. The substantial contribution of this side chain (∼10%) for the explanation of pIC50s was dependent on stereochemistry and the chemical structure of the ligand adapted to the S2 pocket of the protease. Thus, starting from a substrate mimic inhibitor, a design for a central scaffold for a low molecular weight inhibitor was evaluated to develop a further potent inhibitor. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 106: 391–403, 2016.