bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between job stress and occupational injuries among Korean firefighters: a nationwide cross-sectional study
Authors: Kim Yeong-Kwang , Ahn Yeon-Soon , Kim KyooSang , Yoon Jin-Ha , Roh Jaehoon 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveWe aimed to assess the nature of association between job stress and occupational injuries among firefighters in Korea.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingWe conducted a nationwide survey using self-reported questionnaires in South Korea.ParticipantsA survey was conducted among 30 630 firefighters; 25 616 (83.6%) responded. Our study included firefighters who were 20–59 years old. Individuals with <12 months of current job experience and those with missing data were excluded; ultimately, 14 991 firefighters were analysed.ResultsAmong fire suppression personnel, high job demands (OR=1.49, 95% CI 1.25 to 1.77), high interpersonal conflicts (OR=1.18, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.37), a poor organisational system (OR=1.33, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.55), and a negative workplace environment (OR=1.41, 95% CI 1.21 to 1.64) were associated with the occurrence of occupational injury; high job demands (OR=1.22, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.47) were also associated with the frequency of injuries. Among emergency medical services personnel, high job demands (OR=1.26, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.54), high interpersonal conflicts (OR=1.40, 95% CI 1.19 to 1.66), a poor organisational system (OR=1.55, 95% CI 1.30 to 1.85), lack of reward (OR=1.43, 95% CI 1.21 to 1.69) and a negative workplace environment (OR=1.30, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.54) were associated with the occurrence of occupational injury; low job control (OR=1.20, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.38), high interpersonal conflicts (OR=1.18, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.36), lack of reward (OR=1.17, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.35) and a negative workplace climate (OR=1.16, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.34) were also associated with a greater number of injuries. Among officers, high job demands (OR=1.96, 95% CI 1.35 to 2.85) and a negative workplace environment (OR=1.54, 95% CI 1.13 to 2.10) were associated with the occurrence of occupational injuries; however, there was no significant correlation between job stress and the number of injuries.ConclusionsHigh job stress among firefighters was associated with both the occurrence of occupational injury, and also with an increased frequency of injuries. Therefore, job stress should be addressed to prevent occupational injuries among firefighters.
Phenotypic and antibiogram pattern ofV. choleraeisolates from a tertiary care hospital in Mumbai during 2004–2013: a retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Torane V , Kuyare S , Nataraj G , Mehta P , Dutta S , Sarkar B 
Published: November 2016

ObjectivesCholera is a major gastroenteric disease with reports on fluctuation and resistance. Hence, the objective is to determine the trend in seasonality, resistance pattern, prevalent biotypes, serotypes and phage types between 2004 and 2013 amongVibrio choleraeisolates.DesignA retrospective cross-sectional study.SettingsA single-centre study was carried out at a tertiary care hospital in a metropolitan city (Mumbai) of a developing country (India).MethodsRecords of stool specimen cultures of patients with suspected cholera from January 2004 to December 2013 were analysed. The organisms were identified as per standard protocol. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed as per Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute. Biotyping, serotyping and phage typing were carried out. From the confirmed cases of cholera, demographic and laboratory details were noted. Descriptive analysis was used and the data were presented in the form of percentages.ResultsVibrio choleraewas predominant in males and was isolated from 9.41% (439/4664) of stool specimens. Variability was found in terms of the gross appearance of stool specimens, seasonal trend and antibiotic resistance pattern. The antimicrobial susceptibility showed a waxing and waning pattern for most of the antibiotics (ampicillin, cefuroxime, chloramphenicol, tetracycline) tested, while for a few others the strains were either uniformly sensitive (gentamicin, norfloxacin) or resistant (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, nalidixic acid). All isolates belonged to subgroup O1 and biotype El Tor. The most common serotype was Ogawa. The predominant phage type was T2 (old scheme) and T27 (new scheme).ConclusionsThe predominant biotype, serotype and phage type were El Tor, Ogawa and T27 phage, respectively. The changing trends in antimicrobial resistance pattern over the years necessitate continued epidemiological and microbiological surveillance of the disease.
Nailfold capillary morphological characteristics of hand-arm vibration syndrome: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Chen QingSong , Chen GuiPing , Xiao Bin , Lin HanSheng , Qu HongYing , Zhang DanYing , Shi MaoGong , Lang Li , Yang Bei , Yan MaoSheng 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of nailfold capillaroscopy associated with hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS).MethodsIn total, 113 male gold miners were recruited: 35 workers who were chronically exposed to vibration and developed vibration-induced white finger were defined as the HAVS group, 39 workers who were exposed to vibration but did not have HAVS were classified as the vibration-exposed controls (VEC) group, and 39 workers without vibration exposure were categorised as the non-VEC (NVEC) group. Video capillaroscopy was used to capture images of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th fingers of both hands. The following nailfold capillary characteristics were included: number of capillaries/mm, avascular areas, haemorrhages and enlarged capillaries. The experiments were carried out in the same winter. All characteristics were evaluated under blinded conditions.ResultsSignificant differences in all morphological characteristics existed between the groups (p<0.05). Avascular areas in the HAVS, VEC and NVEC groups appeared in 74.3%, 43.6% and 25.0% of participants, respectively. A higher percentage of participants had haemorrhages in the HAVS group (65.7%) compared with the other groups (VEC: 7.7% and NVEC: 7.5%). The number of capillaries/mm, input limb width, output limb width, apical width, and ratio of output limb and input limb all had more than 70% sensitivity or specificity of their cut-off value.ConclusionsNailfold capillary characteristics, especially the number of capillaries/mm, avascular areas, haemorrhages, output limb width, input limb width and apical width alterations, revealed significant associations with HAVS.
Perceived causes of differential attainment in UK postgraduate medical training: a national qualitative study
Authors: Woolf Katherine , Rich Antonia , Viney Rowena , Needleman Sarah , Griffin Ann 
Published: November 2016

ObjectivesExplore trainee doctors’ experiences of postgraduate training and perceptions of fairness in relation to ethnicity and country of primary medical qualification.DesignQualitative semistructured focus group and interview study.SettingPostgraduate training in England (London, Yorkshire and Humber, Kent Surrey and Sussex) and Wales.Participants137 participants (96 trainees, 41 trainers) were purposively sampled from a framework comprising: doctors from all stages of training in general practice, medicine, obstetrics and gynaecology, psychiatry, radiology, surgery or foundation, in 4 geographical areas, from white and black and minority ethnic (BME) backgrounds, who qualified in the UK and abroad.ResultsMost trainees described difficult experiences, but BME UK graduates (UKGs) and international medical graduates (IMGs) could face additional difficulties that affected their learning and performance. Relationships with senior doctors were crucial to learning but bias was perceived to make these relationships more problematic for BME UKGs and IMGs. IMGs also had to deal with cultural differences and lack of trust from seniors, often looking to IMG peers for support instead. Workplace-based assessment and recruitment were considered vulnerable to bias whereas examinations were typically considered more rigorous. In a system where success in recruitment and assessments determines where in the country you can get a job, and where work–life balance is often poor, UK BME and international graduates in our sample were more likely to face separation from family and support outside of work, and reported more stress, anxiety or burnout that hindered their learning and performance. A culture in which difficulties are a sign of weakness made seeking support and additional training stigmatising.ConclusionsBME UKGs and IMGs can face additional difficulties in training which may impede learning and performance. Non-stigmatising interventions should focus on trainee–trainer relationships at work and organisational changes to improve trainees’ ability to seek social support outside work.
Northern Manhattan Hispanic Caregiver Intervention Effectiveness Study: protocol of a pragmatic randomised trial comparing the effectiveness of two established interventions for informal caregivers of persons with dementia
Authors: Luchsinger José A , Burgio Louis , Mittelman Mary , Dunner Ilana , Levine Jed A , Kong Jian , Silver Stephanie , Ramirez Mildred , Teresi Jeanne A 
Published: November 2016

IntroductionThe prevalence of dementia is increasing without a known cure, resulting in an increasing number of informal caregivers. Caring for a person with dementia results in increased stress and depressive symptoms. There are several behavioural interventions designed to alleviate stress and depressive symptoms in caregivers of persons with dementia with evidence of efficacy. Two of the best-known interventions are the New York University Caregiver Intervention (NYUCI) and the Resources for Enhancing Alzheimer's Caregivers Health (REACH). The effectiveness of the NYUCI and REACH has never been compared. There is also a paucity of data on which interventions are more effective in Hispanics in New York City. Thus, we proposed the Northern Manhattan Hispanic Caregiver intervention Effectiveness Study (NHiCE), a pragmatic clinical trial designed to compare the effectiveness of adaptations of the NYUCI and the REACH in informal Hispanic caregivers of persons with dementia in New York City.Methods and analysisNHiCE is a 6-month randomised controlled trial comparing the effectiveness of adaptations of the NYUCI and REACH among 200 Hispanic informal adult caregivers of persons with dementia. The planned number of sessions of the NYUCI and REACH are similar. The primary outcome measures are changes from baseline to 6 months in the Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale and Geriatric Depression Scale. Our primary approach to analyses will be intent-to-treat. The primary analyses will use mixed random effects models, and a full information maximum likelihood approach, with sensitivity analyses using generalised estimating equation.Ethics and disseminationNHiCE is approved by the Institutional Review Board of Columbia University Medical Center (protocol AAAM5150). A Data Safety Monitoring Board monitors the progress of the study. Dissemination will include reports of the characteristics of the study participants, as well as a report of the results of the clinical trial.Trial registration numberNCT02092987, Pre-results.
Age-specific and sex-specific incidence of systemic lupus erythematosus: an estimate from cross-sectional claims data of 2.3 million people in the German statutory health insurance 2002
Authors: Brinks Ralph , Hoyer Annika , Weber Sergej , Fischer-Betz Rebecca , Sander Oliver , Richter Jutta G , Chehab Gamal , Schneider Matthias 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveTo provide an estimate of age-specific incidence rate of physician-diagnosed systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) for German men and women.MethodsThe age-specific and sex-specific prevalence of diagnosed SLE in claims data is used to estimate the incidence in the German male and female population. The claims data set stems from a representative sample of the statutory health insurance in 2002 and comprises 2.3 million people. The statutory health insurance covers >85% of the German population.ResultsThe estimated incidence rates are 0.9 (95% CI 0.7 to 1.1) per 100 000 person-years for men and 1.9 (95% CI 1.7 to 2.2) per 100 000 person-years for women. The age-specific incidence rate of SLE in the male population has a maximum of 2.2 (95% CI 1.0 to 3.4) per 100 000 person-years at the age of 65–70 years. In women, the incidence is peaking at the rate of 3.6 (95% CI 2.9 to 4.3) cases per 100 000 person-years at the age of 20–25 years, but has a second local maximum (2.6, 95% CI 1.5 to 3.8) at menopausal age.ConclusionsFor the first time, representative data on the incidence of SLE in Germany are provided. The estimated incidence rates of SLE for men and women in Germany are at the lower end of other estimates from comparable European countries.
Use of the Pipeline embolization device for recurrent and residual cerebral aneurysms: a safety and efficacy analysis with short-term follow-up
Authors: Kühn Anna Luisa , de Macedo Rodrigues Katyucia , Lozano J Diego , Rex David E , Massari Francesco , Tamura Takamitsu , Howk Mary , Brooks Christopher , L'Heureux Jenna , Gounis Matthew J , Wakhloo Ajay K , Puri Ajit S 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveEvaluation of the safety and efficacy of the Pipeline embolization device (PED) when used as second-line treatment for recurrent or residual, pretreated ruptured and unruptured intracranial aneurysms (IAs).MethodsRetrospective review of our database to include all patients who were treated with a PED for recurrent or residual IAs following surgical clipping or coiling. We evaluated neurological outcome and angiograms at discharge, 6- and 12-months’ follow-up and assessed intimal hyperplasia at follow-up.ResultsTwenty-four patients met our inclusion criteria. Most IAs were located in the anterior circulation (n=21). No change of preprocedure modified Rankin Scale score was seen at discharge or at any scheduled follow-up. Complete or near-complete aneurysm occlusion on 6- and 12-month angiograms was seen in 94.4% (17/18 cases) and 93.3% (14/15 cases), respectively. Complete or near-complete occlusion was seen in 100% of previously ruptured and 85.7% (6/7 cases) and 83.3% (5/6 cases) of previously unruptured cases at the 6- and 12-months’ follow-up, respectively. One case of moderate intimal hyperplasia was observed at 6 months and decreased to mild at the 12-months’ follow-up. No difference in device performance was observed among pretreated unruptured or ruptured IAs.ConclusionsTreatment of recurrent or residual IAs with a PED after previous coiling or clipping is feasible and safe. There is no difference in device performance between ruptured or unruptured IAs.
АНТИАЛКОГОЛЬНА РОБОТА ЛІКАРЯ ЗАГАЛЬНОЇ ПРАКТИКИ-СІМЕЙНОГО ЛІКАРЯ
Authors: Kruchanytsia V. V. 
Published: November 2016

Мета: визначити основні напрямки антиалкогольної діяльності лікаря загальної практики – сімейного лікаря (ЛЗПСЛ) в умовах реформування галузі охорони здоров’я. Матеріали і методи. Матеріалами дослідження стали результати попередніх досліджень автора з вивчення детермінант зловживання населенням алкогольними напоями та аналіз наукових публікацій за темою. Основні методи дослідження – бібліосемантичний, структурно-логічного аналізу, описового моделювання, експертних оцінок та системного підходу. Запропоновані напрямки антиалкогольної діяльності ЛЗПСЛ були оцінені 50 експертами. Результати. Експертами найбільше підтримано наступні види антиалкогольної діяльності ЛЗПСЛ: усі види інформаційно-просвітницької роботи, включаючи створення школи здоров’я «Тверезе життя»; створення психореабілітаційних амбулаторних центрів за місцем роботи або на базі сімейних амбулаторій; міжсекторальний підхід до антиалкогольної діяльності на рівні громади, включаючи залучення до такої роботи церкви. Найменше підтримано наступні види антиалкогольної діяльності ЛЗПСЛ: лікування та диспансерний нагляд осіб, що зловживають алкоголем, за розробленою спільно з лікарем-наркологом програмою.Висновки. Запропоновано підходи до організації антиалкогольної роботи ЛЗПСЛ, використання яких має забезпечити ефективність профілактичних та лікувальних заходів.
Lovers in Paratexts
Authors: Oosterhoff Richard J. 
Published: November 2016

In the 1520s, Oronce Fine addressed a “republic of mathematics.” The term captured Fine’s goals for an emerging discipline. Fine, the first professor of mathematics of the Collège Royal in Paris (est. 1530), turned to the language of amicitia and scholarly love to make space in the Republic of Letters for mathematics. Such language drew on an ethics of scholarly love which animated his predecessors in Paris, the circle of Jacques Lefèvre d’ Étaples. This article considers Fine and his colleagues’ efforts to imagine a public – and so reimagine a discipline – using the language of love in the letters, poems, and other paratexts that layered the technical books he authored. The vantage point of mathematical studies shows how practitioners could use the notion of amateur to garner support for their discipline while levelling social distinctions.
The Impact of Vertical Wind Shear on Hail Growth in Simulated Supercells
Authors: Dennis Eli J. , Kumjian Matthew R. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Severe hailstorms produce over $1 billion in insured losses annually in the United States, yet details of a given storm’s hail threat (e.g., maximum hailstone size and total hailfall) remain challenging to forecast. Previous research suggests that, in addition to maximum updraft speed, the storm-relative airflow could be equally important for hail formation and growth. This study is a first step toward determining how changes in environmental wind shear and subsequent changes in simulated supercell storm structure affect hail growth. Using Cloud Model 1 (CM1) with 500-m horizontal and 250-m vertical grid spacing, 20 idealized simulations are performed in which the thermodynamic profile remains fixed but the environmental hodograph is systematically altered. Hail growth is quantified using the hail mass mixing ratio from composites of storms over the last hour of simulation time. Hailstone growth “pseudotrajectories” are computed from these storm composites to determine favorable embryo source regions.
Results indicate that increased deep-layer east–west shear elongates the storm’s updraft in that direction, providing 1) increased volumes over which microphysically relevant hail processes can act, 2) increased hailstone residence times within the updraft, and 3) a larger potential embryo source region; together, these lead to increased hail mass. Increased low-level north–south shear, which results in hodographs with increased 0–3-km storm-relative helicity, also elongates the updraft in the north–south direction. However, hail mass is reduced owing to a separation of favorable embryo source regions (which shift southward) and available hydrometeors to serve as embryos (which shift northward).
Energy Exchange between the Mesoscale Oceanic Eddies and Wind-Forced Near-Inertial Oscillations
Authors: Jing Zhao , Wu Lixin , Ma Xiaohui 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn this study, the energy exchange between mesoscale eddies and wind-forced near-inertial oscillations (NIOs) is theoretically analyzed using a slab mixed layer model modified by including the geostrophic flow. In the presence of strain, there is a permanent energy transfer from mesoscale eddies to NIOs forced by isotropic wind stress. The energy transfer efficiency, that is, the ratio of the energy transfer rate to the near-inertial wind work, is proportional to , where S2 is the total strain variance, is the effective Coriolis frequency, and ζ is the relative vorticity. The theories derived from the modified slab mixed layer model are verified by the realistic numerical simulation obtained from a coupled regional climate model (CRCM) configured over the North Pacific. Pronounced energy transfer from mesoscale eddies to wind-forced NIOs is localized in the Kuroshio Extension region associated with both strong near-inertial wind work and strain variance. The energy transfer efficiency in anticyclonic eddies is about twice the value in cyclonic eddies in the Kuroshio Extension region because of the influence of ζ on feff, which may contribute to shaping the dominance of cyclonic eddies than anticyclonic eddies in that region.
Thermo-sensitive hydrogel PLGA-PEG-PLGA as a vaccine delivery system for intramuscular immunization
Authors: Wang Xiaoyan , Zhang Yu , Xue Wei , Wang Hong , Qiu Xiaozhong , Liu Zonghua 
Published: November 2016

In this work, we explored the potential of thermo-sensitive PLGA-PEG-PLGA with sol-gel transition temperature around 32℃ as an intramuscular vaccine delivery system by using ovalbumin as a model antigen. First, in vitro release test showed that the PLGA-PEG-PLGA-deriving hydrogels could release ovalbumin in vitro in a more sustainable way. From fluorescence living imaging, 50–200 mg/mL of PLGA-PEG-PLGA formulations could release antigen in a sustainable manner in vivo, suggesting that the PLGA-PEG-PLGA hydrogel worked as an antigen-depot. Further, the sustainable antigen release from the PLGA-PEG-PLGA hydrogels increased antigen availability in the spleens of the immunized mice. The intramuscular immunization results showed that 50–200 mg/mL of PLGA-PEG-PLGA formulations promoted significantly more potent antigen-specific IgG immune response. In addition, 200 mg/mL of PLGA-PEG-PLGA formulation significantly enhanced the secretion of both Th1 and Th2 cytokines. From in vitro splenocyte proliferation assay, 50–200 mg/mL of PLGA-PEG-PLGA formulations all initiated significantly higher splenocyte activation. These results indicate that the thermo-sensitive and injectable PLGA-PEG-PLGA hydrogels (particularly, 200 mg/mL of PLGA-PEG-PLGA-based hydrogel) own promising potential as an intramuscular vaccine delivery system.
Provider Perception of Pharmacy Services in the Patient-Centered Medical Home
Authors: Albanese Nicole P. , Pignato Alyssa M. , Monte Scott V. 
Published: November 2016

Background: Despite the positive data on clinical outcomes, cost savings, and provider experience, no study has surveyed providers to evaluate what pharmacy services they find to be worthwhile. Objective: To determine what clinical, cost/access, and educational pharmacy services providers in a patient-centered medical home (PCMH) consider worthwhile and the perceived barriers to successful pharmacist incorporation. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was distributed to primary care physicians, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants in a PCMH physician group. Results: The survey response rate was 78%. Top-tier clinical services were identified as medication counseling, reconciliation, adherence assessment, polypharmacy assessment, and drug information. Formulary review was the only top-tier cost- or access-related service. Top-tier educational services included new black-boxed warnings, drug market withdrawals, and new drug reviews. Ninety-one percent of providers were comfortable referring to a pharmacist for diabetes medication selection and dose titration, but no other disease state eclipsed 75%. More than twice as many providers found the pharmacy service to be very or extremely valuable when the pharmacist is physically located in the office versus virtual interactions (70% vs 34%). Conclusion: Top-tier clinical, cost/access, and educational services considered worthwhile by providers in a PCMH have been identified. In addition to these services, when developing or evaluating a pharmacy service, special attention should be paid to provider preference for physical location in the office and perceived barriers to the pharmacist availability, concern over complex disease management competency and patient confusion as to the role of the pharmacist.