bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tunnel oxide passivating electron contacts as full‐area rear emitter of high‐efficiency p‐type silicon solar cells
Authors: Richter Armin , Benick Jan , Müller Ralph , Feldmann Frank , Reichel Christian , Hermle Martin , Glunz Stefan W. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractTunnel oxide passivating contacts (TOPCon) consisting of an ultrathin tunnel oxide capped by a doped Si film exhibit excellent passivation and contact properties. The application of these contacts has so far resulted in efficiencies of up to 25.7% realized with an n‐type Si solar cell featuring a front‐side boron‐doped p+ emitter and n‐TOPCon as full‐area rear electron contact. In this work, we study the same cell structure on p‐type Si. In this case, the p+ diffusion on the front acts as a front surface field (FSF) and the n‐TOPCon layer as a full‐area rear emitter. One benefit of this rear‐junction cell design is that the whole base contributes to the hole transport towards the local contacts on the front, which means that the lateral current transport within the FSF is less important than in the case of the front emitter of the n‐type cell. To study this, we addressed the influence of the FSF lateral conductivity on the performance of these rear‐junction cells theoretically (based on a simulation study) as well as experimentally (with fabricated cells). Efficiencies up to 24.3% (independently confirmed) have been achieved with this structure applying a FSF and up to 23.9% without the full‐area FSF. As such, these results demonstrate a high device performance for these TOPCon rear emitter cells even without a lateral conductivity in the FSF. This bears the potential to simplify the process chain quite substantially as no full‐area boron diffusion is required.
Reconstructing photoluminescence spectra at liquid nitrogen temperature from heavily boron‐doped regions of crystalline silicon solar cells
Authors: Wu HuiTing , Nguyen Hieu T. , Liu AnYao , Macdonald Daniel 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWhen measured at low temperature (79 K), the photoluminescence (PL) spectra from silicon wafers containing a diffused heavily doped layer exhibit a second peak due to band gap narrowing in the diffused region. This work aims to decompose this peak into components arising from the various doping concentrations within the diffused layer. Whilst the peak position of silicon band‐to‐band PL spectra changes significantly with the doping concentration in silicon, the shape of the spectra also varies strongly with doping concentrations due to the broadening effects of band‐filling and band‐tail states. By measuring PL spectra on a range of uniformly heavily doped wafers, we show that these changes in spectral position and shape can be accurately modelled for doping concentrations above 1 × 1019 cm−3 using simple parameterisations, with minimal impact of variations in excitation intensity or injection level. This allows the PL spectra for a range of arbitrary doping concentrations to be reconstructed. We then show that the PL spectra from a thermally boron‐diffused wafer, in which the boron concentration changes with depth, can be reconstructed based on a superposition of PL spectra arising from the layers of different doping beneath the surface. Furthermore, the scaling factor for each layer can be accurately estimated based on the doping profile and the fraction of incident light absorbed in the layer.
Organellar Omics—A Reviving Strategy to Untangle the Biomolecular Complexity of the Cell
Authors: Tharkeshwar Arun Kumar , Gevaert Kris , Annaert Wim 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA eukaryotic cell encompasses many membrane‐enclosed organelles, each of these holding several types of biomolecules that exhibit tremendous diversity in terms of their localization and expression. Despite the development of increasingly sensitive analytical tools, the enormous biomolecular complexity that exists within a cell cannot yet be fully resolved as low abundant molecules often remain unrecognized. Moreover, a drawback of whole cell analysis is that it does not provide spatial information and therefore it is not capable of assigning distinct biomolecules to specific compartments or analyzing changes in the composition of these compartments. Reduction of the biomolecular complexity of a sample helps to identify low abundant molecules, but such a reductionist approach requires methods that enable proper isolation and purification of individual cellular organelles. Decades of research have led to the development of a plethora of isolation methods for a broad range of subcellular organelles; yet, in particular, intrinsically dynamic compartments belonging to the endocytic machinery, including the plasma membrane, remain difficult to isolate in a sufficiently pure fraction. In this review, we discuss various methods that are commonly used to isolate subcellular organelles from cells and evaluate their advantages and disadvantages.
Synthesis and fractionation of poly(phenylene methylene)
Authors: Braendle Andreas , Schwendimann Pascal , Niederberger Markus , Caseri Walter R. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTPoly(phenylene methylene) (PPM) was isolated in a broad range of molar masses by optimization of the catalytic polymerization of benzyl chloride with SnCl4 or FeCl3, followed by fractionation by Soxhlet extraction or phase separation in concentrated solutions in poor solvents. Low molar mass products were also obtained by quenching the reaction at moderate monomer conversions. Products with number average molar masses (Mn) ranging from 200 to 61,000 g mol−1 were isolated, the latter being an order of magnitude above the previously reported values. DSC analysis of polymers of different molar masses revealed that the glass transition temperature follows the Flory‐Fox equation reaching a plateau value of 65 °C at a molar mass between 10,000 and 20,000 g mol−1. The onset of decomposition temperature of higher molar mass products proceeds above 450 °C (maximum decomposition rate at 515 °C), according to TGA. Furthermore, the substitution pattern of PPM was discussed by study of chemical shifts of the methylene group
by extensive NMR spectroscopy (1H, 13C, DEPT, and HSQC) and by comparison with two mono‐substituted derivatives of PPM—poly(2,4,6‐trimethylphenylene methylene) and poly(2,3,5,6‐tetramethylphenylene methylene)—which were synthesized analogous to PPM. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 309–318
Understanding the distressed prostate cancer patient: Role of personality
Authors: Perry Laura M. , Hoerger Michael , Silberstein Jonathan , Sartor Oliver , Duberstein Paul 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the relationship between personality and emotional distress in prostate cancer. Neuroticism and introversion were hypothesized to be associated with clinically significant symptoms of emotional distress, including depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation.MethodsMen with a history of prostate cancer (n = 212) completed an NIH‐funded cross‐sectional study using well‐validated measures of personality, depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation. Covariates were age, education, time since diagnosis, comorbidity, and presence of metastases.ResultsEmotional distress was reported by 37% of participants, including depression (23%), anxiety (15%), and suicidal ideation (10%). As hypothesized, men who were more neurotic were more likely to report emotional distress (44.5% vs 26.9%; OR = 2.78, P = .004), depression (31.9% vs 11.8%; OR = 4.23, P = .001), and suicidal ideation (29.4% vs 9.7%; OR = 4.15, P = .001). Introverts were more likely to report emotional distress (45.2% vs 28.7%; OR = 2.32, P = .012) and depression (30.8% vs 15.7%; OR = 2.57, P = .014). Men with metastases were more likely to report emotional distress (51.7% vs 31.2%; OR = 4.56, P < .001).ConclusionsNeuroticism and introversion were associated with clinically significant emotional distress in men with prostate cancer. Findings suggest that, in the context of treatment for prostate cancer, patient distress reflects disease characteristics (eg, metastases presence) as well as stable personality traits. Implications for clinical care are discussed.
A dyadic analysis of stress processes in Latinas with breast cancer and their family caregivers
Authors: Segrin Chris , Badger Terry A. , Sikorskii Alla , Crane Tracy E. , Pace Thaddeus W.W. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectiveBreast cancer diagnosis and treatment negatively affect quality of life for survivors and their family caregivers. The stress process model has been useful for describing the cascade of social and psychological experiences that culminate in degraded quality of life for both survivors and their family caregivers. This study is designed to test theoretically specified predictors of negative psychosocial outcomes in a dyadic context.MethodsParticipants were 230 dyads composed of Latinas recently diagnosed with breast cancer and their primary family caregiver, who completed measures of socioeconomic status, stress, family conflict, depression, and anxiety. Data were analyzed following the Actor‐Partner Interdependence Mediation Model in structural equation modeling.ResultsFor both survivors and caregivers, there were significant direct and indirect actor effects (through family conflict) of perceived stress on depression and anxiety. Several indirect partner effects were also evident in this sample. Specifically, caregivers' stress was predictive of survivors' depression and anxiety through survivors' increased perceptions of family conflict.ConclusionsAs predicted by the stress process model, stress and family conflict were predictive of psychological distress in breast cancer survivors and their family caregivers. Significant partner effects in the Actor‐Partner Interdependence Mediation Model suggest that there are some dyadic influences, particularly from caregivers' stress to survivors' perceptions of exacerbated family conflict. These findings show how strained family relationships can aggravate the well‐being of cancer survivors and their family caregivers through this challenging experience.
HNgBeF3(Ng = Ar‐Rn): Superhalogen‐supported noble gas insertion compounds
Authors: Saha Ranajit , Mandal Bijoya , Chattaraj Pratim K. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAb initio and density functional theory‐based calculations are performed to study the structure, stability, and nature of bonding of superhalogen‐supported noble gas (Ng) compounds of the type HNgY where (Ng = Ar‐Rn; Y = BeF3). Here, BeF3acts as the superhalogen. Calculations show that the HNgBeF3spontaneously dissociates into product following the dissociation channels: HNgBeF3→ HBeF3 + Ng and HNgBeF3→ Ng + HF + BeF2. The transition states are optimized and the energy barriers are computed to show the metastable behavior of HNgBeF3. HNgBeF3molecules are kinetically stable with respect to the first dissociation process having energy barriers of 1.0, 5.0, 10.6, and 13.9 kcal/mol for Ar, Kr, Xe, and Rn analogues, respectively, at CCSD(T)/Aug‐cc‐pVTZ level. These calculations suggest that the HXeBeF3and HRnBeF3can be shown to be stable up to ∼100 K temperature with a half‐life of ∼102seconds. The nature of HNg and two different types of NgF bonds in HNgBeF3molecules is explored through the natural bond orbital and electron density analyses. The large Wiberg bond index (WBI) values for the HNg bond indicate the formation of almost a single bond in between H‐atoms and Ng‐atoms, whereas small WBI values for the two NgF bonds indicate a noncovalent interaction in between them. The electron density analysis further supports the covalency of the HNg bond and noncovalent interaction in the two NgF bonds in HNgBeF3.
The Impact of Fair Trade on Smallholders' Capacity to Adapt to Climate Change
Authors: Borsky Stefan , Spata Martina 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to assess to what extent producers' participation in fair trade can increase their adaptive capacity and make them more resilient to climate change. Based on the adaptation deficit framework of Fankhauser and McDermott (2014) and an expert interview with 39 producer organizations from Latin America, Asia and Africa, we first determine the perception and the impacts of climate change on fair trade producers' organizations. We then analyze how fair trade is helping producers to increase their adaptive capacity. Our results suggest that fair trade affects the adaptive capacity of smallholder farmers in developing countries in two ways. First, it can work as a growth policy and affects the disposable income, which is then partly spent on adaptation measures. Second, by increased knowledge exchange, a higher degree of social capital and a better access to the international community, it makes the supply of adaptation more efficient. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Engineering Potato Virus X Particles for a Covalent Protein Based Attachment of Enzymes
Authors: Röder Juliane , Fischer Rainer , Commandeur Ulrich 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPlant virus nanoparticles are often used to display functional amino acids or small peptides, thus serving as building blocks in application areas as diverse as nanoelectronics, bioimaging, vaccination, drug delivery, and bone differentiation. This is most easily achieved by expressing coat protein fusions, but the assembly of the corresponding virus particles can be hampered by factors such as the fusion protein size, amino acid composition, and post‐translational modifications. Size constraints can be overcome by using the Foot and mouth disease virus 2A sequence, but the compositional limitations cannot be avoided without the introduction of time‐consuming chemical modifications. SpyTag/SpyCatcher technology is used in the present study to covalently attach the Trichoderma reesei endoglucanase Cel12A to Potato virus X (PVX) nanoparticles. The formation of PVX particles is confirmed by western blot, and the ability of the particles to display Cel12A is demonstrated by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays and transmission electron microscopy. Enzymatic assays show optimal reaction conditions of 50 °C and pH 6.5, and an increased substrate conversion rate compared to free enzymes. It is concluded that PVX displaying the SpyTag can serve as new scaffold for protein display, most notably for proteins with post‐translational modifications.
Concise Review: Advanced Cell Culture Models for Diamond Blackfan Anemia and Other Erythroid Disorders
Authors: Migliaccio Anna Rita , Varricchio Lilian 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
In vitro surrogate models of human erythropoiesis made many contributions to our understanding of the extrinsic and intrinsic regulation of this process in vivo and how they are altered in erythroid disorders. In the past, variability among the levels of hemoglobin F produced by adult erythroblasts generated in vitro by different laboratories identified stage of maturation, fetal bovine serum, and accessory cells as “confounding factors,” that is, parameters intrinsically wired in the experimental approach that bias the results observed. The discovery of these factors facilitated the identification of drugs that accelerate terminal maturation or activate specific signaling pathways for the treatment of hemoglobinopathies. It also inspired studies to understand how erythropoiesis is regulated by macrophages present in the erythroid islands. Recent cell culture advances have greatly increased the number of human erythroid cells that can be generated in vitro and are used as experimental models to study diseases, such as Diamond Blackfan Anemia, which were previously poorly amenable to investigation. However, in addition to the confounding factors already identified, improvement in the culture models has introduced novel confounding factors, such as possible interactions between signaling from cKIT, the receptor for stem cell factor, and from the glucocorticoid receptor, the cell proliferation potential and the clinical state of the patients. This review will illustrate these new confounding factors and discuss their clinical translation potential to improve our understanding of Diamond Blackfan Anemia and other erythroid disorders.
Climate change, tree pollination and conservation in the tropics: a research agenda beyond IPBES
Authors: Ramírez Fernando , Kallarackal Jose 
Published: November 2017

Tree‐pollinator interactions are important ecosystem services that are threatened by global warming and climate change. Very few investigations have focused on fruit‐tree pollination interactions in the tropics. In this paper, we analyze knowledge gaps proposed by the Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) with special reference to the tropics and associated with (1) the effects of climate change on plant‐pollinator interactions and (2) pollinator diversity and population attributes within the context of nature conservation. WIREs Clim Change 2018, 9:e502. doi: 10.1002/wcc.502This article is categorized under:

Climate, Ecology, and Conservation > Observed Ecological Changes
Radical Surgery Improves Survival in Patients with Stage 4 Neuroblastoma
Authors: Vollmer Katherin , Gfroerer Stefan , Theilen Till‐Martin , Bochennek Konrad , Klingebiel Thomas , Rolle Udo , Fiegel Henning 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundNeuroblastoma (NBL) is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children. Despite a good overall prognosis in NBL patients, the outcome of children with stage 4 disease, even with multimodal intensive therapy, remains poor. The role of extended surgical resection of the primary tumor is in numerous studies controversial. The aim of this study was to retrospectively analyze the impact of radical surgical resection on the overall‐ and event‐free survival of stage 4 NBL patients.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed patient charts of 40 patients with stage 4 NBL treated in our institution between January 1990 and May 2012. All clinical and pathological findings of stage 4 NBL patients were included. Extent of surgery was assessed from the operation records and was classified as non‐radical (tumor biopsy, partial 50–90% resection) or radical (near‐complete >90% resection, complete resection). Overall‐ (OS) and event‐free (EFS) survival was assessed using the Kaplan–Meier analysis and log‐rank test. A multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to demonstrate independency.ResultsIn total, 29/40 patients were operated radically (>90% resection), whereas 11 patients received subtotal resection or biopsy only. OS and EFS were significantly increased in patients with radical operation compared with non‐radical resection (p = 0.0003 for OS, p = 0.004 for EFS; log‐rank test). A multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed radical operation as a significant and independent parameter for OS and EFS.ConclusionsOur data indicate that radical (over 90% resection) surgery improves OS and EFS in stage 4 NBL patients.
Seasonal changes in community structure along a vertical gradient: patterns and processes in rocky intertidal sessile assemblages
Authors: Kanamori Yuki , Fukaya Keiichi , Noda Takashi 
Published: November 2017

AbstractHere we considered two fundamental questions in community ecology regarding the relationship between seasonal changes in community structure and environmental gradients: (i) How does the magnitude of seasonal changes in community structure vary along an environmental gradient? (ii) How do the processes driving seasonal changes in community structure vary along an environmental gradient? To examine these questions, we investigated intertidal sessile assemblages inhabiting a notable vertical environmental gradient and fitted a transition probability matrix model to decadal time series data gathered at 25 plots along the Pacific coast of eastern Hokkaido, Japan. We found that the magnitude of seasonal changes in community structure was the largest at mid shore. The major processes driving seasonal changes in community structure changed vertically, reflecting the indirect influence of vertical changes in the physical environment on the vertical distributions of species. An unexpected finding was that the magnitude of seasonal changes in community structure did not reflect the strength of seasonal variation in the physical environment. One explanation may be that sessile organisms living on the high shore have a broad tolerance to environmental stress and are thus less sensitive to the large seasonal variation in physical stress.
Multi-criteria retrieval of CAD assembly models
Authors: Lupinetti Katia , Giannini Franca , Monti Marina , Pernot Jean-Philippe 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Being able to reuse existing design knowledge is of major interest to help designers during the creation of new products. This is true at the level of the parts and even more at the level of the assemblies of multiple parts. Meaningful information and knowledge can be extracted from existing geometric models and associated data and metadata, as well as from the processes followed to define them. This paper proposes a method to characterize and structure CAD assembly models to enable the retrieving of similar models from a database. A framework has been devised for the retrieval of globally and/or partially similar assembly models according to multiple user-specified search criteria. It is based on an assembly descriptor, called the Enriched Assembly Model, which is an attributed graph that encodes all the required data automatically extracted from the geometry and structure of the CAD models. The data are organized in four layers: structural, assembly interface, shape and statistic layers. Starting from a real CAD model or from an abstract query model, the algorithm retrieves models from the database by solving a matching problem. The matching between two assembly models is translated into the problem of finding a sub-isomorphism between two EAMs. The layered organization of the EAM allows partially defined queries, which can be further refined. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is illustrated with results obtained from the developed software prototype.
Highlights Retrieval of CAD assembly models global or partial similar to a given one. An Enriched Assembly Model is created from the B-rep of each model to compare. Definition of different criteria of similarities to fit user requests. Creation of an association graph from the two Enriched Assembly Models to compare. Model matching is achieved by identifying the maximum clique in the association graph.