bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CLINICAL AND LABORATORY DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA OF IMMUNE RESISTANCE OF HEALTHY AND SICK WITH PNEUMONIA CHILDREN OF DIFFERENT AGE
Authors: Fedortsiv O. , Haliyash N. , Nykytyuk S. 
Published: January 2016

<p><strong>Background.</strong> The universality of the general adaptation syndrome and the need to study the impact of general adaptive responses on the occurrence and consequences of pathological processes, as well as detection of early signs of disadaptation, have been proven by numerous works.<br /><strong>Objective.</strong> The aim of study was to explore the peculiarities of general non-specific adaptive reactions in pediatric population and to discuss the diagnostics effectiveness of general nonspecific adaptive reactions in early detection of health disorders in children of different age.<br /><strong>Methods.</strong> The paper presents the results of laboratory and clinical tests, conducted in 185 healthy children aged 4-12 years and 42 children of the same age with community-acquired pneumonia. The characteristics and prevalence of general nonspecific adaptative reactions in healthy children of different age were given. Determination of adverse adaptative reactions (stress, training and overactivation) based on analysis of the general blood analysis is an early diagnostic criterion of individual health reduction of children.<br /><strong>Results.</strong> The features of clinical course, the nature and direction of immune disorders of children with community-acquired pneumonia, depending on their adaptive systems, were revealed. The influence of conventional treatment regimens of children with pneumonia on the state of adaptation processes was determined. Clinical diagnostic criteria for prognosis and treatment efficacy based on diagnostics of nonspecific adaptive responses in the dynamic of pneumonia were established. The proportion of morphometrically different blood lymphocytes in healthy children was determined. It was revealed that the blood of preschool age children dominated with type I cells (61.3±1.7) %. The relative content of lymphocytes (morphological type II) (28.7±1.6) %, type III – (6.1±0.6)%, type IV – (3.9±0.6)% was observed.<br /><strong>Conclusions</strong>. General nonspecific adaptative reactions of mild and increased activation, as the most conducive to children’s age, demonstrate a balance of the relative content of different types of lymphocytes according to morphometrical data.</p><p><br /><strong>KEY WORDS:</strong> children, cell-mediated immunity, adaptive reactions, community-acquired pneumonia</p><p> </p>
Establishing International Blood Pressure References Among Nonoverweight Children and Adolescents Aged 6 to 17 Years
Authors: Xi Bo , Zong Xin’nan , Kelishadi Roya , Hong Young Mi , Khadilkar Anuradha , Steffen Lyn M. , Nawarycz Tadeusz , Krzywińska-Wiewiorowska Małgorzata , Aounallah-Skhiri Hajer , Bovet Pascal , Chiolero Arnaud , Pan Haiyan , Litwin Mieczysław , Poh Bee Koon , Sung Rita Y.T. , So Hung-Kwan , Schwandt Peter , Haas Gerda-Maria , Neuhauser Hannelore K. , Marinov Lachezar , Galcheva Sonya V. , Motlagh Mohammad Esmaeil , Kim Hae Soon , Khadilkar Vaman , Krzyżaniak Alicja , Romdhane Habiba Ben , Heshmat Ramin , Chiplonkar Shashi , Stawińska-Witoszyńska Barbara , El Ati Jalila , Qorbani Mostafa , Kajale Neha , Traissac Pierre , Ostrowska-Nawarycz Lidia , Ardalan Gelayol , Parthasarathy Lavanya , Zhao Min , Zhang Tao 
Published: January 2016

Background—
Several distributions of country-specific blood pressure (BP) percentiles by sex, age, and height for children and adolescents have been established worldwide. However, there are no globally unified BP references for defining elevated BP in children and adolescents, which limits international comparisons of the prevalence of pediatric elevated BP. We aimed to establish international BP references for children and adolescents by using 7 nationally representative data sets (China, India, Iran, Korea, Poland, Tunisia, and the United States).

Methods and Results—
Data on BP for 52 636 nonoverweight children and adolescents aged 6 to 19 years were obtained from 7 large nationally representative cross-sectional surveys in China, India, Iran, Korea, Poland, Tunisia, and the United States. BP values were obtained with certified mercury sphygmomanometers in all 7 countries by using standard procedures for BP measurement. Smoothed BP percentiles (50th, 90th, 95th, and 99th) by age and height were estimated by using the Generalized Additive Model for Location Scale and Shape model. BP values were similar between males and females until the age of 13 years and were higher in males than females thereafter. In comparison with the BP levels of the 90th and 95th percentiles of the US Fourth Report at median height, systolic BP of the corresponding percentiles of these international references was lower, whereas diastolic BP was similar.

Conclusions—
These international BP references will be a useful tool for international comparison of the prevalence of elevated BP in children and adolescents and may help to identify hypertensive youths in diverse populations.
Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery Vascular Hyperintensities–Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Mismatch Identifies Acute Stroke Patients Most Likely to Benefit From Recanalization
Authors: Legrand Laurence , Tisserand Marie , Turc Guillaume , Edjlali Myriam , Calvet David , Trystram Denis , Roca Pauline , Naggara Olivier , Mas Jean-Louis , Méder Jean-Francois , Baron Jean-Claude , Oppenheim Catherine 
Published: January 2016

Background and Purpose—
Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery vascular hyperintensities (FVH) beyond the boundaries of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) lesion (FVH-DWI mismatch) have been proposed as an alternative to perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI)-DWI mismatch. We aimed to establish whether FVH-DWI mismatch can identify patients most likely to benefit from recanalization.

Methods—

FVH-DWI mismatch was assessed in 164 patients with proximal middle cerebral artery occlusion before intravenous thrombolysis. PWI-DWI mismatch (PWI
Tmax>6sec
/DWI>1.8) was assessed in the 104 patients with available PWI data. We tested the associations between 24-hours complete recanalization on magnetic resonance angiography and 3-month favorable outcome (modified Rankin Scale score ≤2), stratified on FVH-DWI (or PWI-DWI) status.

Results—

FVH-DWI mismatch was present in 121/164 (74%) patients and recanalization in 50/164 (30%) patients. The odds ratio for favorable outcome with recanalization was 16.2 (95% confidence interval, 5.7–46.5;
P
<0.0001) in patients with FVH-DWI mismatch and 2.6 (95% confidence interval, 0.6–12.1;
P
=0.22) in those without FVH-DWI mismatch (
P
=0.048 for interaction). Recanalization was associated with favorable outcome in patients with PWI-DWI mismatch (odds ratios, 9.9; 95% confidence interval, 3.1–31.3;
P
=0.0001) and in patients without PWI-DWI mismatch (odds ratios, 7.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.1–44.1;
P
=0.047),
P
=0.76 for interaction.

Conclusion—
The FVH-DWI mismatch may rapidly identify patients with proximal occlusion most likely to benefit from recanalization.
Association of Breakfast Intake With Incident Stroke and Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Kubota Yasuhiko , Iso Hiroyasu , Sawada Norie , Tsugane Shoichiro ,   The JPHC Study Group
Published: January 2016

Background and Purpose—
The association between breakfast intake and the risk of cardiovascular disease, including stroke, among Asian people remains unknown. We sought to prospectively investigate whether the omission of breakfast is related to increased risks of stroke and coronary heart disease in general Japanese populations.

Methods—
A total of 82 772 participants (38 676 men and 44 096 women) aged 45 to 74 years without histories of cardiovascular disease or cancer were followed up from 1995 to 2010. Participants were classified as having breakfast 0 to 2, 3 to 4, 5 to 6, or 7 times/wk. The hazard ratios of cardiovascular disease were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models.

Results—

During the 1 050 030 person-years of follow-up, we documented a total of 4642 incident cases, 3772 strokes (1051 cerebral hemorrhages, 417 subarachnoid hemorrhages, and 2286 cerebral infarctions), and 870 coronary heart disease. Multivariable analysis showed that those consuming no breakfast per week compared with those consuming breakfast everyday had hazard ratios (95% confidence interval;
P
for trend) of 1.14 (1.01–1.27; 0.013) for total cardiovascular disease, 1.18 (1.04–1.34; 0.007) for total stroke, and 1.36 (1.10–1.70; 0.004) for cerebral hemorrhage. Similar results were observed even after exclusion of early cardiovascular events. No significant association between the frequency of breakfast intake and the risk of coronary heart disease was observed.

Conclusions—
The frequency of breakfast intake was inversely associated with the risk of stroke, especially cerebral hemorrhage in Japanese, suggesting that eating breakfast everyday may be beneficial for the prevention of stroke.
Tropicoporus stratificans sp. nov. (Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota) from southern Brazil
Authors: Coelho Gilberto , SILVEIRA ANDRESSA DE OLIVEIRA , ANTONIOLLI ZAIDA INÊS , YURCHENKO EUGENE 
Published: January 2016

Tropicoporus is a recently proposed genus that was segregated from Inonotus s.l. and includes species with important wood decay and medicinal functions. The description of T. stratificans sp. nov. is based on more than 10 specimens collected on fallen decayed wood in subtropical forests of Rio Grande do Sul State. The species is recognized by its resupinate, poroid, golden brown, perennial basidiomes that become multi-layered, dimitic hyphal system, abundant hymenial setae, and subglobose to ellipsoid, brownish-yellow to ferruginous-brown basidiospores. Based on nrDNA ITS sequences, Bayesian and maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses of Tropicoporus nested the new taxon in the T. linteus clade. A description and illustrations of the new species are provided.
How does tillage intensity affect soil organic carbon? A systematic review protocol
Authors: Haddaway Neal Robert , Hedlund Katarina , Jackson Louise E. , Kätterer Thomas , Lugato Emanuele , Thomsen Ingrid K. , Jørgensen Helene B. , Isberg Per-Erik 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Background
Soils contain the greatest terrestrial carbon (C) pool on the planet. Since approximately 12 % of soil C is held in cultivated soils, management of these agricultural areas has a huge potential to affect global carbon cycling; acting sometimes as a sink but also as a source. Tillage is one of the most important agricultural practices for soil management and has been traditionally undertaken to mechanically prepare soils for seeding and minimize effects of weeds. It has been associated with many negative impacts on soil quality, most notably a reduction in soil organic carbon (SOC), although still a matter of considerable debate, depending on factors such as depth of measurement, soil type, and tillage method. No tillage or reduced intensity tillage are frequently proposed mitigation measures for preservation of SOC and improvement of soil quality, for example for reducing erosion. Whilst several reviews have demonstrated benefits to C conservation of no till agriculture over intensive tillage, the general picture for reduced tillage intensity is unclear. This systematic review proposes to synthesise an extensive body of evidence, previously identified through a systematic map.

Methods
This systematic review is based on studies concerning tillage collated in a recently completed systematic map on the impact of agricultural management on SOC restricted to the warm temperate climate zone (i.e. boreo-temperate). These 311 studies were identified and selected systematically according to CEE guidelines. An update of the original search will be undertaken to identify newly published academic and grey literature in the time since the original search was performed in September 2013. Studies will be critically appraised for their internal and external validity, followed by full data extraction (meta-data describing study settings and quantitative study results). Where possible, studies will be included in meta-analyses examining the effect of tillage reduction (‘moderate’ (i.e. shallow) and no tillage relative to ‘intensive’ tillage methods such as mouldboard ploughing, where soil is turned over throughout the soil profile). The implications of the findings will be discussed in terms of policy, practice and research along with a discussion of the nature of the evidence base.
Improved Axillary Evaluation Following Neoadjuvant Therapy for Patients With Node-Positive Breast Cancer Using Selective Evaluation of Clipped Nodes: Implementation of Targeted Axillary Dissection
Authors: Caudle Abigail S. , Yang Wei T. , Krishnamurthy Savitri , Mittendorf Elizabeth A. , Black Dalliah M. , Gilcrease Michael Z. , Bedrosian Isabelle , Hobbs Brian P. , DeSnyder Sarah M. , Hwang Rosa F. , Adrada Beatriz E. , Shaitelman Simona F. , Chavez-MacGregor Mariana , Smith Benjamin D. , Candelaria Rosalind P. , Babiera Gildy V. , Dogan Basak E. , Santiago Lumarie , Hunt Kelly K. , Kuerer Henry M. 
Published: January 2016

PurposePlacing clips in nodes with biopsy-confirmed metastasis before initiating neoadjuvant therapy allows for evaluation of response in breast cancer. Our goal was to determine if pathologic changes in clipped nodes reflect the status of the nodal basin and if targeted axillary dissection (TAD), which includes sentinel lymph node dissection (SLND) and selective localization and removal of clipped nodes, improves the false-negative rate (FNR) compared with SLND alone.MethodsA prospective study of patients with biopsy-confirmed nodal metastases with a clip placed in the sampled node was performed. After neoadjuvant therapy, patients underwent axillary surgery and the pathology of the clipped node was compared with other nodes. Patients undergoing TAD had SLND and selective removal of the clipped node using iodine-125 seed localization. The FNR was determined in patients undergoing complete axillary lymphadenectomy (ALND).ResultsOf 208 patients enrolled in this study, 191 underwent ALND, with residual disease identified in 120 (63%). The clipped node revealed metastases in 115 patients, resulting in an FNR of 4.2% (95% CI, 1.4 to 9.5) for the clipped node. In patients undergoing SLND and ALND (n = 118), the FNR was 10.1% (95% CI, 4.2 to 19.8), which included seven false-negative events in 69 patients with residual disease. Adding evaluation of the clipped node reduced the FNR to 1.4% (95% CI, 0.03 to 7.3; P = .03). The clipped node was not retrieved as an SLN in 23% (31 of 134) of patients, including six with negative SLNs but metastasis in the clipped node. TAD followed by ALND was performed in 85 patients, with an FNR of 2.0% (1 of 50; 95% CI, 0.05 to 10.7).ConclusionMarking nodes with biopsy-confirmed metastatic disease allows for selective removal and improves pathologic evaluation for residual nodal disease after chemotherapy.
Overexpression of Anti-Müllerian Hormone Disrupts Gonadal Sex Differentiation, Blocks Sex Hormone Synthesis, and Supports Cell Autonomous Sex Development in the Chicken
Authors: Lambeth Luke S. , Morris Kirsten , Ayers Katie L. , Wise Terry G. , O'Neil Terri , Wilson Susanne , Cao Yu , Sinclair Andrew H. , Cutting Andrew D. , Doran Timothy J. , Smith Craig A. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe primary role of Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) during mammalian development is the regression of Müllerian ducts in males. This highly conserved function is retained in birds and is supported by the high levels of AMH expression in developing testes. Mammalian AMH expression is regulated by a combination of transcription factors, the most important being Sry-type high-mobility-group box transcription factor-9 (SOX9). In the chicken embryo, however, AMH mRNA expression precedes that of SOX9, leading to the view that AMH may play a more central role in avian testicular development. To define its role in chicken gonadal development, AMH was overexpressed using the RCASBP viral vector. AMH caused the gonads of both sexes to develop as small and undeveloped structures at both embryonic and adult stages. Molecular analysis revealed that although female gonads developed testis-like cords, gonads lacked Sertoli cells and were incapable of steroidogenesis. A similar gonadal phenotype was also observed in males, with a complete loss of both Sertoli cells, disrupted SOX9 expression and gonadal steroidogenesis. At sexual maturity both sexes showed a female external phenotype but retained sexually dimorphic body weights that matched their genetic sexes. These data suggest that AMH does not operate as an early testis activator in the chicken but can affect downstream events, such as sex steroid hormone production. In addition, this study provides a unique opportunity to assess chicken sexual development in an environment of sex hormone deficiency, demonstrating the importance of both hormonal signaling and direct cell autonomous factors for somatic sex identity in birds.
Evidence of polygenic selection on human stature inferred from spatial distribution of allele frequencies
Authors: Piffer Davide 
Published: January 2016

Spatial patterns of allele frequencies reveal a clear signal of natural (or sexual) selection on human height. The average frequency of all hits (N=693) and the top significant 66 common genetic variants (pruned for linkage disequilibrium) for 26 populations belonging to 5 sub-continental human groups were significantly correlated to average phenotypic population height. The method of correlated vectors provided additional evidence for a signal of natural selection in SNPs with higher significance. Factor analysis of the five top genome-wide association study (GWAS) hits revealed a clear factor indicating selection pressures on human height, peaking among northern Europeans and some African groups (Esan Nigeria) whilst reaching a nadir among South-East Asians. Finally, a new polygenic score is created to take into account overrepresentation of derived alleles among GWAS hits and population-level differences in derived allele frequencies.
When Does Competition Foster Commitment?
Authors: Ferreira Daniel , Kittsteiner Thomas 
Published: January 2016

Consider a firm that would like to commit to a focused business strategy because focus improves efficiency and thus increases profit. We identify two general conditions under which tougher competition strengthens the firm’s ability to commit to a focused strategy. Under these conditions, competition fosters commitment for two reasons: (i) competition reduces the value of the option to diversify (the contestability effect), and (ii) competition increases the importance of being efficient (the efficiency effect). We use a number of different models of imperfect competition to illustrate the applicability of our results. Our examples suggest that the contestability effect is very general. In contrast, the efficiency effect often requires further conditions, which are specific to the nature of competition in each model. In both cases, our analysis helps us predict when these effects are more likely to be observed. This paper was accepted by Bruno Cassiman, business strategy.
The generalized triple difference of \(\chi^{3}\) sequence spaces
Authors: Subramanian N. , Esi Ayhan 
Published: January 2016

<p>In this paper we define some new sequence spaces and give some topological properties of the sequence spaces \(\chi^{3}\left( \Delta_{v}^{m},s, p\right)\) and \(\Lambda^{3}\left( \Delta_{v}^{m},s, p\right) \) and investigate some inclusion relations.</p>
A short proof of the existence of the solution to elliptic boundary problem
Authors: Ramm Alexander G. 
Published: January 2016

<p>There are several methods for proving the existence of the solution to the elliptic boundary problem \(Lu=f \text{in} D,\quad u|_S=0,\quad (*)\). Here <em>L</em> is an elliptic operator of second order, f is a given function, and uniqueness of the solution to problem (*) is assumed. The known methods for proving the existence of the solution to (*) include variational methods, integral equation methods, method of upper and lower solutions. In this paper a method based on functional analysis is proposed. This method is conceptually simple. It requires some a priori estimates and a continuation in a parameter method, which is well-known.</p>
Logarithmic gradient estimates to a Monge-Ampere Type equation on \(S^n\)
Authors: Ye Yunhua 
Published: January 2016

<p>Monge-Ampere type equations arise naturally from many geometric problems. In this paper, we are concerned with one of these Monge-Ampere type equations on dimensional sphere \(S^n\) and obtain logarithmic gradient estimate by using Bernstein technique.</p>
Correlations Between Structures of Expanded Graphite – Polymer Composites and Acoustic Emission Phenomena / Korelacje Pomiędzy Strukturą Kompozytów Grafit Ekspandowany-Polimer A Zjawiskami Emisji Akustycznej
Authors: Berdowska A. , Berdowski J. , Aubry F. 
Published: January 2016

Compressed expanded graphite was applied as a base matrix to the preparation of microporous composites as products of impregnation, polymerization and carbonization of poly-furfuryl alcohol. During carbonization, the original polymeric structure is transformed into an amorphous turbostratic carbon structure with ultramicropores. The structure, porosity and many chemical and physical properties change after each stage of their technological treatment.
The acoustic emission method was used for accurate determination of these changes. It is possible to determine a large number of acoustic emission parameters and therefore to increase the amount of information provided by the studied materials. Acoustic emission pulses, counts rate, events rate, signal peak value and their sums were measured. Also frequency spectrum was received as a result of acoustic emission signal analysis with use of Fourier transformation procedure. The conclusions resulting from the Fourier analysis of the registered spectrum are very interesting and provide information about composite structures as well as bonds between the graphite matrix and the polymer that fills it. Analysis of acoustic emission parameters provides data on physical and chemical processes that would be very difficult to study by means of other techniques. Wide applications of these porous composites make them very interesting subject of the study.
Effect of Boron Sinter-Aid on the Microstructure and Properties of Austenitic Stainless Steel- TIB2 Composites / Wpływ Dodatku Boru Na Mikrostrukturę I W Łaściwosci Kompozytów Stal Austenityczna-TIB2
Authors: Sulima I. , Jaworska L. , Karwan-Baczewska J. 
Published: January 2016

In the work, the effect the boron addition on the microstructure and properties of the composites with austenitic steel of matrix was investigated. The composites were consolidated using the high pressure-high temperature (HP-HT) method. Two composite types were fabricated, i.e. steel with 8 vol.% TiB2 and steel with 8 vol.% TiB2 and 1 vol.% boron. Density of sintered materials was measured according to the Archimedes principle. Mechanical properties were determined by Vickers microhardness and compression test. The wear resistance was investigeted using ball-on-disc method. The microstructure of composites was analyzed using a scanning electron microscope.
The results show that the boron addition and sintering parameters have influence on the mechanical and tribological properties of the composites. Materials are characterized by very high density. The composites with boron exhibited higher Young’s modulus and microhardness in comparison with the properties of composites without boron addition.