bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of anticoagulation status for atrial fibrillation on early ischaemic stroke outcomes: a registry-based, prospective cohort study of acute stroke care in Surrey, UK
Authors: Han Thang S , Fry Christopher H , Fluck David , Affley Brendan , Gulli Giosue , Barrett Christopher , Kakar Puneet , Patel Tasmin , Sharma Sapna , Sharma Pankaj 
Published: December 2017

ObjectiveThe relationship of anticoagulation therapies with stroke severity and outcomes have been well documented in the literature. However, none of the previous research has reported the relationship of atrial fibrillation (AF)/anticoagulation therapies with urinary tract infection (UTI), pneumonia and length of stay in hyperacute stroke units (HASUs). The present study aimed to evaluate AF and anticoagulation status in relation to early outcomes in 1387 men (median age=75 years, IQR=65–83) and 1371 women (median age=83 years, IQR=74–89) admitted with acute ischaemic stroke to HASUs in Surrey between 2014 and 2016.MethodsWe conducted this registry-based, prospective cohort study using data from the Sentinel Stroke National Audit Programme. Association between AF anticoagulation status with severe stroke on arrival (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score ≥16), prolonged HASU stay (>3 weeks), UTI and pneumonia within 7 days of admission, severe disability on discharge (modified Rankin Scale score=4 and 5) and inpatient mortality was assessed by logistic regression, adjusted for age, sex, hypertension, congestive heart failure, diabetes and previous stroke.ResultsCompared with patients with stroke who are free from AF, those with AF without anticoagulation had an increased adjusted risk of having more severe stroke: 5.8% versus 14.0%, OR=2.4 (95% CI 1.6 to 3.6, P<0.001), prolonged HASU stay: 21.5% versus 32.0%, OR=1.4 (1.0–2.0, P=0.027), pneumonia: 8.2% versus 19.1%, OR=2.1 (1.4–2.9, P<0.001), more severe disability: 24.2% versus 40.4%, OR=1.6 (1.2–2.1, P=0.004) and mortality: 9.3% versus 21.7%, OR=1.9 (1.4–2.8, P<0.001), and AF patients with anticoagulation also had greater risk for having UTI: 8.6% versus 12.3%, OR=1.9 (1.2–3.0, P=0.004), pneumonia: 8.2% versus 11.5%, OR=1.6 (1.1–2.4, P=0.025) and mortality: 9.7% versus 21.7%, OR=1.9 (1.4–2.8, P<0.001). The median HASU stay for stroke patients with AF without anticoagulation was 10.6 days (IQR=2.8–26.4) compared with 5.8 days (IQR=2.3–17.5) for those free from AF (P<0.001).ConclusionsPatients with AF, particularly those without anticoagulation, are at increased risk of severe stroke, associated with prolonged HASU stay and increased risk of early infection, disability and mortality.
Synergistic Targeting of the Regulatory and Catalytic Subunits of PI3Kδ in Mature B-cell Malignancies
Authors: Cooney Jeffrey D. , Lin An-Ping , Jiang Daifeng , Wang Long , Suhasini Avvaru N. , Myers Jamie , Qiu ZhiJun , Wölfler Albert , Sill Heinz , Aguiar Ricardo C.T. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Purpose: Aberrant activation of the B-cell receptor (BCR) is implicated in the pathogenesis of mature B-cell tumors, a concept validated in part by the clinical success of inhibitors of the BCR-related kinases BTK (Bruton's tyrosine kinase) and PI3Kδ. These inhibitors have limitations, including the paucity of complete responses, acquired resistance, and toxicity. Here, we examined the mechanism by which the cyclic-AMP/PDE4 signaling axis suppresses PI3K, toward identifying a novel mechanism-based combinatorial strategy to attack BCR-dependency in mature B-cell malignancies.
Experimental Design: We used in vitro and in vivo diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cell lines and primary chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) samples to preclinically evaluate the effects of the combination of the FDA-approved phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor roflumilast and idelalisib on cell survival and tumor growth. Genetic models of gain- and loss-of-function were used to map multiple signaling intermediaries downstream of the BCR.
Results: Roflumilast elevates the intracellular levels of cyclic-AMP and synergizes with idelalisib in suppressing tumor growth and PI3K activity. Mechanistically, we show that roflumilast suppresses PI3K by inhibiting BCR-mediated activation of the P85 regulatory subunit, distinguishing itself from idelalisib, an ATP-competitive inhibitor of the catalytic P110 subunit. Using genetic models, we linked the PDE4-regulated modulation of P85 activation to the oncogenic kinase SYK.
Conclusions: These data demonstrate that roflumilast and idelalisib suppress PI3K by distinct mechanisms, explaining the basis for their synergism, and suggest that the repurposing of PDE4 inhibitors to treat BCR-dependent malignancies is warranted. Clin Cancer Res; 24(5); 1103–13. ©2017 AACR.
Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies a New Locus at 7q21.13 Associated with Hepatitis B Virus–Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Li Yuanfeng , Zhai Yun , Song Qingfeng , Zhang Haitao , Cao Pengbo , Ping Jie , Liu Xinyi , Guo Bingqian , Liu Guanjun , Song Jin , Zhang Ying , Yang Aiqing , Yan Hongbo , Yang Liang , Cui Ying , Ma Yilong , Xing Jinliang , Shen Xizhong , Liu Taotao , Zhang Hongxin , An Jiaze , Bei Jin-Xin , Jia Weihua , Kang Longli , Liu Lijun , Yuan Dongya , Hu Zhibin , Shen Hongbing , Lu Lei , Wang Xuan , Li Hua , He Fuchu , Zhang Hongxing , Zhou Gangqiao 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Purpose: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. In China, chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains the major risk factor for HCC. In this study, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) among Chinese populations to identify novel genetic loci contributing to susceptibility to HBV-related HCC.
Experimental Design: GWAS scan is performed in a collection of 205 HBV-related HCC trios (each trio includes an affected proband and his/her both parents), and 355 chronic HBV carriers with HCC (cases) and 360 chronic HBV carriers without HCC (controls), followed by two rounds of replication studies totally consisting of 3,796 cases and 2,544 controls.
Results: We identified a novel association signal within the CDK14 gene at 7q21.13 (index rs10272859, OR = 1.28, P = 9.46 × 10−10). Furthermore, we observed that the at-risk rs10272859[G] allele was significantly associated with higher mRNA expression levels of CDK14 in liver tissues. Chromosome conformation capture assays in liver cells confirmed that a physical interaction exists between the promoter region of CDK14 and the risk-associated SNPs in strong linkage disequilibrium with the index rs10272859 at 7q21.13. This index rs10272859 also showed significant association with the survival of HCC patients.
Conclusions: Our findings highlight a novel locus at 7q21.13 conferring both susceptibility and prognosis to HBV-related HCC, and suggest the CDK14 gene to be the functional target of the 7q21.13 locus. Clin Cancer Res; 24(4); 906–15. ©2017 AACR.
Prohormones in the Early Diagnosis of Cardiac Syncope
Authors: Badertscher Patrick , Nestelberger Thomas , de Lavallaz Jeanne du Fay , Than Martin , Morawiec Beata , Kawecki Damian , Miró Òscar , López Beatriz , Martin‐Sanchez F. Javier , Bustamante José , Geigy Nicolas , Christ Michael , Di Somma Salvatore , Peacock W. Frank , Cullen Louise , Sarasin François , Flores Dayana , Tschuck Michael , Boeddinghaus Jasper , Twerenbold Raphael , Wildi Karin , Sabti Zaid , Puelacher Christian , Rubini Giménez Maria , Kozhuharov Nikola , Shrestha Samyut , Strebel Ivo , Rentsch Katharina , Keller Dagmar I. , Poepping Imke , Buser Andreas , Kloos Wanda , Lohrmann Jens , Kuehne Michael , Osswald Stefan , Reichlin Tobias , Mueller Christian 
Published: December 2017

Background

The early detection of cardiac syncope is challenging. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of 4 novel prohormones, quantifying different neurohumoral pathways, possibly involved in the pathophysiological features of cardiac syncope: midregional–pro‐A‐type natriuretic peptide (
MR
pro
ANP
), C‐terminal proendothelin 1, copeptin, and midregional‐proadrenomedullin.

Methods and Results

We prospectively enrolled unselected patients presenting with syncope to the emergency department (
ED
) in a diagnostic multicenter study.
ED
probability of cardiac syncope was quantified by the treating
ED
physician using a visual analogue scale. Prohormones were measured in a blinded manner. Two independent cardiologists adjudicated the final diagnosis on the basis of all clinical information, including 1‐year follow‐up. Among 689 patients, cardiac syncope was the adjudicated final diagnosis in 125 (18%). Plasma concentrations of
MR
pro
ANP
, C‐terminal proendothelin 1, copeptin, and midregional‐proadrenomedullin were all significantly higher in patients with cardiac syncope compared with patients with other causes (
P
<0.001). The diagnostic accuracies for cardiac syncope, as quantified by the area under the curve, were 0.80 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.76–0.84), 0.69 (95%
CI
, 0.64–0.74), 0.58 (95%
CI
, 0.52–0.63), and 0.68 (95%
CI
, 0.63–0.73), respectively. In conjunction with the
ED
probability (0.86; 95%
CI
, 0.82–0.90),
MR
pro
ANP,
but not the other prohormone, improved the area under the curve to 0.90 (95%
CI,
0.87–0.93), which was significantly higher than for the
ED
probability alone (
P
=0.003). An algorithm to rule out cardiac syncope combining an
MR
pro
ANP
level of <77 pmol/L and an
ED
probability of <20% had a sensitivity and a negative predictive value of 99%.

Conclusions

The use of
MR
pro
ANP
significantly improves the early detection of cardiac syncope among unselected patients presenting to the
ED
with syncope.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL
:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier:
NCT
01548352.
The Rise of Capitalist Manufacture in the Ancien Régime
Authors: Heller Henry 
Published: December 2017

AbstractViewing the development of French trade and manufacturing between 1650 and 1820, Jeff Horn underscores their great success based largely on overseas markets. His evidence supports the view of Friedrich Engels and Perry Anderson that capitalism developed within the pores of the Old Regime. Yet Horn attempts to deny the leading role of the bourgeoisie in this advance. He claims that it was through the Old Regime system of economic privileges rather than the agency of bourgeois capital accumulation that such progress was made. This article rejects Horn’s exclusive preoccupation with the positive economic role of the privileges granted by the state. It reasserts the importance of the agency of the bourgeoisie in furthering economic development. Moreover, it contends that for all the economic gains made by the system of state privileges, such privileges were more than offset by the weight of rents on the peasantry and to the benefit of the nobility and Church imposed by this same regime of privileges. The distorted development that privileges imposed on economic and social life became an important factor behind the outbreak of the Revolution.
DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO – REPENSANDO CONCEITOS NO ÂMBITO INTERDISCIPLINAR
Authors: De Moura Eliana Perez Gonçalves , Pereira Gislaine Cristina 
Published: December 2017

O estudo do desenvolvimento humano, diante da constante e complexa transformação nos domínios teórico-práticos interdisciplinares, vem sendo pensado de maneiras diversas. Apesar dos recursos financeiros continuarem sendo relevantes, o crescimento econômico deixa de ser primordial na composição deste conceito, sendo complementado pelo fator humano. O objetivo é apresentar um breve resgate compreensivo sobre desenvolvimento humano. Utiliza-se o método bibliográfico, com a busca através do descritor desenvolvimento humano, sendo direcionada para livros e periódicos científicos, publicados a partir de 1980, partindo do IDH / PNUD, para outras abordagens interdisciplinares. Percebe-se a importância de compreender o desenvolvimento humano para além dos aspectos econômicos, sem desconsiderar o IDH que contempla renda, saúde e educação. Conclui-se que a noção ampliada do termo destaca além destes indicadores os aspectos físico, cognitivo, psicossocial, histórico, cultural e principalmente subjetivo para a compreensão de desenvolvimento humano.
¿Juegos de niñas y juegos de niños? la influencia de los estereotipos de género en la elección de juguetes
Authors: Alvarez Nuria , Carrera-Fernández María Victoria , Cid-Fernández Xosé Manuel 
Published: December 2017

Este trabajo se orienta al análisis de la influencia de los estereotipos de género en los intereses de niñas/os de 6º de Educación Infantil. La investigación se llevó a cabo en un CEIP con un total de 24 alumnas/os. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo, poniendo en práctica dos actividades. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto que los juegos tradicionalmente considerados como masculinos son demandados tanto por niños como por niñas, mientras que los juguetes tradicionalmente considerados como femeninos solo son elegidos por las niñas. Las niñas demandan los juegos “neutros” más que los niños. Se destacan las implicaciones para una práctica coeducativa en las escuelas infantiles.
Una nueva visión del mundo: la ecología profunda y su incipiente recepción en el derecho nacional e internacional (primera parte)
Authors: Martínez Adriana Norma , Porcelli Adriana Margarita 
Published: December 2017

El crecimiento económico, el desarrollo industrial y las modernas tecnologías han ocasionado un aumento del consumo de bienes y servicios a expensas del agotamiento de los recursos naturales, permitiendo la pérdida generalizada de los ecosistemas y poniendo en riesgo la existencia misma del planeta. Frente a este escenario, cada vez toman más fuerza determinadas líneas de pensamiento que, en contraposición con las vigentes, propician el reconocimiento de derechos a la naturaleza y a todos los seres vivientes, no ya como cosas, objetos de apropiación humana, sino como poblaciones o “ciudades” con características propias, haciéndolo extensivo a los bosques, pantanos, montañas y ríos que albergan todo tipo de seres humanos y no humanos. El presente trabajo forma parte de un proyecto de investigación que tiene por objeto el desarrollode las diferentes posturas filosóficas, éticas y científicas que consideran a la naturaleza y a todos los seres vivientes como poblaciones o entidades con vida propia rescatando su valor intrínseco, y en consecuencia dan fundamento a concepciones jurídicas que los categorizan como sujeto de derechos y el análisis de las escasas legislaciones y casos jurisprudenciales nacionales e internacionales que la han receptado. Dada la extensión y profundidad de la temática, la misma se expone en tres partes, y el presente artículo constituye la primera parte abarcando las teorías científicas, filosóficas, ancestrales, éticas y jurídicas.
Análisis de la producción científica en asuntos públicos de Chile y Perú. Desafíos para una mejor gestión pública
Authors: Vega Muñoz Alejandro , Salinas Galindo Cynthia Milena 
Published: December 2017

Uno de los principales desafíos para innovar en la gestión pública a nivel sudamericano guarda relación con crear y gestionar conocimiento de calidad respecto de los asuntos públicos. Rol que debiese ser asumido en los centros de referencia de los distintos países, quienes deberían establecer mecanismos de mejora de su papel, desde una base de comparación con los países de referencia a nivel internacional. Así este trabajo, tras un estudio cienciométrico de corte temporal-longitudinal, sobre información de publicaciones de artículos de corriente principal Web of Science (ex ISI) en las categorías de administración pública y ciencia política, analiza indicadores de producción de la ciencia en torno a los asuntos públicos de Chile y Perú, permitiendo establecer contrastestanto dentro del conjunto, como en el contexto internacional, y distinguir el volumen de conocimiento que se produce de forma local y por tanto se encuentra disponible para la innovación de los asuntos públicos. De esta forma, es posible evaluar si dicho conocimiento local debería cumplir con leyes de crecimiento, vigencia y concentración de resultados de investigación quepermitan dar cuenta de la realidad local y ser insumo para el desarrollo e innovación de la gestión pública. Los resultados no solo permiten dar cuenta de las cercanías y distancias del conocimiento disponible entre ambos países y los de referencia internacional, sino, además, tener claridad respectode cuáles son los centros de referencia locales que permiten el establecimiento de redes de generación de conocimiento a nivel de instituciones de ambos países, los espacios sobre los que se lleva a cabo la discusión y que fundamentan la producción científica que se desarrolla.
Combined yeast and microalgal cultivation in a pilot-scale raceway pond for urban wastewater treatment and potential biodiesel production
Authors: Iasimone F. , Zuccaro G. , D'Oriano V. , Franci G. , Galdiero M. , Pirozzi D. , De Felice V. , Pirozzi F. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A mixed culture of oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi and wastewater native microalgae (mostly Scenedesmus sp. and Chlorella sp.) was performed to enhance lipid and biomass production from urban wastewaters. A 400 L raceway pond, operating outdoors, was designed and used for biomass cultivation. Microalgae and yeast were inoculated into the cultivation pond with a 2:1 inoculum ratio. Their concentrations were monitored for 14 continuous days of batch cultivation. Microalgal growth presented a 3-day initial lag-phase, while yeast growth occurred in the first few days. Yeast activity during the microalgal lag-phase enhanced microalgal biomass productivity, corresponding to 31.4 mgTSS m−2 d−1. Yeast growth was limited by low concentrations in wastewater of easily assimilated organic substrates. Organic carbon was absorbed in the first 3 days with a 3.7 mgC L−1 d−1 removal rate. Complete nutrient removal occurred during microalgal linear growth with 2.9 mgN L−1 d−1 and 0.96 mgP L−1 d−1 removal rates. Microalgal photosynthetic activity induced high pH and dissolved oxygen values resulted in natural bactericidal and antifungal activity. A 15% lipid/dry weight was measured at the end of the cultivation time. Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis indicated that the lipids were mainly composed of arachidic acid.
Clinical Trials and the Drive to Material Standardisation
Authors: Montgomery Catherine M. 
Published: December 2017

There have long been calls to reduce the bureaucratization of clinical trials and make them more ‘sensible’, with the focus on approvals and guidelines. Here, I focus on the mundane environments of a multi-centre clinical trial to ask how ‘sensible’ it is to standardize trials at the level of material objects. Drawing on ethnographic data collected in the UK, South Africa and Vietnam, I present three vignettes of material standardisation. While acknowledging some positive effects, I argue that standardising in this way may be antithetical to sustainable and relevant clinical research. Three dimensions of this are discussed: 1) the external validity of evidence from pragmatic trials 2) the gap between experimentation and implementation and 3) long-term site capacity to conduct research. Drawing on the literature on ‘situated standardisation’, the paper concludes by suggesting a greater acknowledgement of the need for trials not only to be ‘sensible’ but also ‘situated’.
Senyawa Antibiotik dari Bacillus sp1 (HA1) yang Bersimbiosis pada Spon Laut Haliclona fascigera
Authors: Sari Wiza Leila Puspita , Putra Deddi Prima , Handayani Dian 
Published: December 2017

Bakteri simbion merupakan bakteri yang hidup dalam jaringan suatu host dan tidak merugikan host tersebut. Bakteri ini dapat menghasilkan berbagai senyawa bioaktif seperti antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi senyawa antibiotik dari ekstrak etil asetat bakteri Bacillus sp1 (HA1) yang bersimbiosis dengan spon laut Haliclona fascigera. Metoda yang digunakan yaitu kultivasi bakteri pada media Nutrient Broth menggunakan Incubator Shaker dengan kecepatan 150 RPM pada suhu 37ºC selama 24 jam. Isolasi senyawa antibakteri dilakukan dengan metoda kromatografi kolom dan pengujian aktivitas antibakteri dengan metode difusi agar. Dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan diperoleh 2 senyawa antibakteri W1 dan W2. Senyawa W1 (10,8 mg) larut dalam pelarut etil asetat dan metanol, tapi sukar larut dalam n-heksana. Senyawa ini dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri patogen Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 dengan Konsentrasi Hambat Minimum (KHM) 1%. Sedangkan senyawa W2 (2,3 mg) larut dalam diklorometana dan metanol, namun sukar larut dalam n-heksana. Senyawa W2 tidak dapat menghambat pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923.
Factors predicting reoperation of chronic subdural hematoma following primary surgical evacuation
Authors: Motiei-Langroudi Rouzbeh , Stippler Martina , Shi Siyu , Adeeb Nimer , Gupta Raghav , Griessenauer Christoph J. , Papavassiliou Efstathios , Kasper Ekkehard M. , Arle Jeffrey , Alterman Ron L. , Ogilvy Christopher S. , Thomas Ajith J. 
Published: December 2017

OBJECTIVEChronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is commonly encountered in neurosurgical practice. However, surgical evacuation remains complicated by a high rate of reoperation. The optimal surgical approach to reduce the reoperation rate has not been determined. In the current study, the authors evaluated the prognostic value of clinical and radiographic factors to predict reoperation in the context of CSDH.METHODSA retrospective review of 325 CSDH patients admitted to an academic medical center in the United States, between 2006 and 2016, was performed. Clinical and radiographic factors predictive of the need for CSDH reoperation were identified on univariable and multivariable analyses.RESULTSUnivariable analysis showed that warfarin use, clopidogrel use, mixed hypo- and isointensity on T1-weighted MRI, greater preoperative midline shift, larger hematoma/fluid residual on first postoperative day CT, lesser decrease in hematoma size after surgery, use of monitored anesthesia care (MAC), and lack of intraoperative irrigation correlated with a significantly higher rate of reoperation. Multivariable analysis, however, showed that only the presence of loculation, clopidogrel or warfarin use, and percent of hematoma change after surgery significantly predicted the need for reoperation. Our results showed that 0% (no reduction), 50%, and 100% hematoma maximum thickness change (complete resolution of hematoma after surgery) were associated with a 41%, 6%, and < 1% rate of reoperation, respectively. The use of drains, either large diameter or small caliber, did not have any effect on the likelihood of reoperation.CONCLUSIONSAmong many factors, clopidogrel or warfarin use, hematoma loculation on preoperative CT, and the amount of hematoma evacuation on the first postoperative CT were the strongest predictors of reoperation.
À propos du sadisme et de la logique de la barbarie à l’humiliation
Authors: Bazan Ariane 
Published: December 2017

L’immaturité et de l’état de dépendance du petit d’homme à sa naissance lui confèrent son statut prêt de l’objet dans les soins, impliquant de façon irréductible une part d’humiliation. Les actes sadiques sont un traitement de cette humiliation en permettant de récupérer subjectivement ce que l’on a d’abord subi. De ce fait, la potentialité sadique est constitutive de la condition humaine. La scène barbare peut donner des indices de forme et d’intensité quant à l’humiliation à laquelle elle donnerait le contrepoids : il s’agirait de l’exclusion du pacte social, c’est-à-dire, de la communauté dont les liens fraternels se tissent du pacte d’amour. Cette barbarie se définit alors par la destruction de la scène où se joue cette humiliation, la scène de la civilisation, en attaquant ses tabous fondateurs : la prohibition du meurtre et du cannibalisme et l’interdit de l’inceste. Ces hypothèses sont discutées en mettant à l’épreuve trois types de matériaux : (1) l’expérience de soumission à l’autorité de Milgram, (2) les recherches de Trevarthen sur la relation mère-enfant, (3) le mythe de Médée d’Euripide. Une logique permet de saisir ce à quoi la barbarie répond, même si ce à quoi l’humiliation mène n’est jamais déterminé.