bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving Corrosion Control Efficiencies Using Corrosion Management Principles
Authors: Eckert Richard B. , Koch Gerhardus H. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
While the current global reduction in oil prices has impacted the operating budgets of many oil and gas operators, the need for corrosion control measures to maintain assets has not correspondingly decreased. To maintain the degree of corrosion control that was possible under more favorable economic conditions, operators must look for ways to improve efficiencies and ensure that corrosion expenditures and programs are providing the greatest benefits possible.
In the current economic climate the need for standardization and the reduction of complexity have also been discussed by industry as a means of increasing efficiency and reducing operating costs. The process of corrosion management, although viewed by some as being complex in itself, is actually essential if operators seek to optimize corrosion control expenses and reduce complexity. In addition, some operators have struggled to achieve mature, fully integrated corrosion management systems and thus may not have been realizing the potential benefits of this approach in the past.
Considering that the core processes in corrosion control can be viewed as threat assessment, prevention/mitigation, and monitoring; a corrosion management system should help ensure that these processes are carried out as efficiently and effectively as possible within the context of the organization. This paper reviews several of the key elements of corrosion management as applicable to upstream oil and gas production, and describes the efficiencies that operators could realize if corrosion management processes are thoughtfully implemented and ingrained in the fabric of their organizations. Four elements that are emphasized include communication, resourcing, organization and integration. A corrosion management approach need not increase complexity and in many cases, it can streamline work flows by eliminating redundant efforts and areas of confusion.
Efficiencies fostered by implementing key elements of corrosion management are illustrated in regard to their effect on optimizing corrosion threat assessment, prevention/mitigation, and monitoring; thereby reducing operating cost, lost production and operational risk.
An Investigation into Uncertainty Correlation in Resource Plays
Authors: DuBois James R , Dunn WIlliam F , Strother John P 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Unconventional plays requiring large, high cost development programs now dominate the North American onshore Oil and Gas business. Large drilling programs are often justified and forecast based on ‘type curves": forecasts for a typical single well, intended to be repeated as many times as necessary to represent an extensive drilling program. When companies want to add uncertainty analysis to their forecasts, that work often begins with extending the type curve to include a range of possible single well outcomes, often by including the production forecast for a P10 and P90 well on the curve.
When Monte Carlo analysis is performed on this expanded type curve for a substantial program, the program uncertainty all but disappears. This is a simple illustration of the law of large numbers. There is still a considerable amount of uncertainty in resource plays, of course, but it is not due to well-to-well variation, at least in the long term.
We created a set of synthetic tight oil well data and subjected it to a number of Monte Carlo analyses to illustrate this point. In these analyses, we show that correlation among the wells accounts for far more of the uncertainty encountered than does well to well correlation. Factors that might be correlated include long term decline, drilling and completion cost and IPs due to interference and/or reservoir quality. Examples are shown for the decline and cost correlations.
Unconventional Risk and Uncertainty: Show Me What Success Looks Like
Authors: Fulford David S. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The translation of risk from conventional to unconventional resources moves the fulcrum from risk of finding, towards risk of commerciality. We are often certain a hydrocarbon producing system exists; but, uncertain in what manner (production profile) it will produce. This reality is incompatible with traditional methods of risking in which recoverable volumes are estimated from volumetric calculation, and risked volumes may be calculated as the product of unrisked volumes and some risk factor. Production profile is then determined after-the-fact. Unconventional resources are typically evaluated from the basis of a type well or production analog first, and then the recoverable volume is emergent from this production profile.
Like the chicken-and-egg problem, uncertainty of recoverable volumes must be estimated in association with one or more production profiles. The threshold of commerciality can be calculated, and the chance of commercial success determined by the intersection of the threshold volume on the distribution of recoverable volume. This distribution is truncated and the outcomes above the threshold are rescaled to represent success outcomes… but, failure outcomes are disregarded.
This paper presents a simple workflow using Frequentist and Bayesian approaches, respectively, for proper risking of uncertain recoverable volumes for an unconventional resource, taking into account the chance of false positives from appraisal well information. A subjective risk tolerance can be included to respect how aggressive or conservative a company may be in pursuit of a project. A method of re-casting production profiles is demonstrated as an improvement over the common method of scaling, or factoring, the initial production rate. The scaling approach may reach unrealistic values of initial production in an attempt to achieve the proper recoverable volumes.
Productive yet uneconomic outcomes should be included in any thorough project evaluation. Failure to do so may overestimate the value of a given project. However, the chance of such outcomes occurring is often seen as a difficult-to-determine value. Quantifying the uncertainty in type well volumes allows evaluation of the imperfectness of information of early well results. Enhanced knowledge of the project risk, the chance of success, a view of the success case, and an understanding of false positive outcomes, can lead to higher quality decisions.
Word Formation Processes and a Technique in Understanding Waria Slang Tulungagung
Authors: Nurhayati Dwi Astuti Wahyu 
Published: April 2016

This article describes word formation processes and a technique in understanding Waria Slang Tulungagung. This study was done through a survey to warias in Ngunut and Tulungagung surroundings, a small district in East Java- Indonesia, in order to get underlying basis of processes of word formation in waria or Bences variety which are influential toward their language style and their behavior. The instrument- interview &documentation were developed in accordance to get the word formation processes and slang words used by Waria. The study reveals that processes of word formation and technique understanding slang words used by Waria Tulungagung are divided into eleven processes i.e. Derivation, Multiple Process, Acronym, Borrowing, Blending, Reduplication, Synonym, Coinage, Irregular Form, Echoism, Changing of Syllable Vowel and the technique of understanding Waria sentences by removing some suffixes. Finally, the results of this study offers language phenomena arises because of some reasons which are mainly useful for those conducting communication among waria members smoothly, transgender identity and those who are concerned in investigating slang words used by waria or other varieties as well as suggestions for future research.
Le bureau d'audiences publiques sur l'environnement (BAPE) : participation publique et évaluation environnementale au Québec
Authors: Halley Paule , Forte Mélissade 
Published: April 2016

La procédure d'étude d'impact environnemental et d'examen public préalables à l'autorisation des activités majeures représente le premier régime caractéristique du droit de l'environnement. L'étude d'impact a fait son apparition, en 1969, dans la National Environmental PolicyAct américaine. Par la suite, ce régime fut introduit dans de nombreux pays et des institutions furent créées pour assurer l'examen public des impacts des projets.
En 1978, le Québec fut la première province canadienne à se doter d'une procédure d'étude impact sur l'environnement et d'une institution indépendante, le Bureau d'audiences publiques sur l'environnement (BAPE), chargée de la procédure d'information et de participation du public. Depuis, le BAPE a développé une procédure d'information et de consultation publiques qui s'est avérée efficace et crédible. Avec le temps, le régime d'étude d'impact québécois a révélé qu'il n'était pas sans faille et sans défis à relever.
Development and characterization of 14 microsatellite markers for Indigofera pseudotinctoria (Fabaceae)
Authors: Otao Tomoko , Kobayashi Tatsuaki , Uehara Koichi 
Published: April 2016

Premise of the study:Microsatellite markers can be used to evaluate population structure and genetic diversity in native populations of Indigofera pseudotinctoria (Fabaceae) and assess genetic disturbance caused by nonnative plants of the same species.Methods and Results:We developed 14 markers for I. pseudotinctoria using next‐generation sequencing and applied them to test two native populations, totaling 77 individuals, and a transplanted population, imported from a foreign country, of 17 individuals. The mean number of alleles was 3.310, observed heterozygosity was 0.242, and expected heterozygosity was 0.346. The fixation index in the transplanted population was 0.469, which was higher than in the native populations (0.154 and 0.158). In addition, the transplanted population contains one allele that is not shared by the native population.Conclusions:Microsatellite markers can be useful for evaluating genetic diversity within and between populations and for studying population genetics in I. pseudotinctoria and related species.
MINIFILAMENT ERUPTIONS THAT DRIVE CORONAL JETS IN A SOLAR ACTIVE REGION
Authors: Sterling Alphonse C. , Moore Ronald L. , Falconer David A. , Panesar Navdeep K. , Akiyama Sachiko , Yashiro Seiji , Gopalswamy Nat 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
We present observations of eruptive events in an active region adjacent to an on-disk coronal hole on 2012 June 30, primarily using data from the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO)/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA), SDO/Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI), and STEREO-B. One eruption is of a large-scale (∼100″) filament that is typical of other eruptions, showing slow-rise onset followed by a faster-rise motion starting as flare emissions begin. It also shows an “EUV crinkle” emission pattern, resulting from magnetic reconnections between the exploding filament-carrying field and surrounding field. Many EUV jets, some of which are surges, sprays and/or X-ray jets, also occur in localized areas of the active region. We examine in detail two relatively energetic ones, accompanied by GOES M1 and C1 flares, and a weaker one without a GOES signature. All three jets resulted from small-scale (∼20″) filament eruptions consistent with a slow rise followed by a fast rise occurring with flare-like jet-bright-point brightenings. The two more-energetic jets showed crinkle patters, but the third jet did not, perhaps due to its weakness. Thus all three jets were consistent with formation via erupting minifilaments, analogous to large-scale filament eruptions and to X-ray jets in polar coronal holes. Several other energetic jets occurred in a nearby portion of the active region; while their behavior was also consistent with their source being minifilament eruptions, we could not confirm this because their onsets were hidden from our view. Magnetic flux cancelation and emergence are candidates for having triggered the minifilament eruptions.
SPATIALLY RESOLVED STAR FORMATION MAIN SEQUENCE OF GALAXIES IN THE CALIFA SURVEY
Authors: Cano-Díaz M. , Sánchez S. F. , Zibetti S. , Ascasibar Y. , Bland-Hawthorn J. , Ziegler B. , Delgado R. M. González , Walcher C. J. , García-Benito R. , Mast D. , Mendoza-Pérez M. A. , Falcón-Barroso J. , Galbany L. , Husemann B. , Kehrig C. , Marino R. A. , Sánchez-Blázquez P. , López-Cobá C. , López-Sánchez Á. R. , Vilchez J. M. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
The “main sequence of galaxies”—defined in terms of the total star formation rate ψ versus the total stellar mass M
*—is a well-studied tight relation that has been observed at several wavelengths and at different redshifts. All earlier studies have derived this relation from integrated properties of galaxies. We recover the same relation from an analysis of spatially resolved properties, with integral field spectroscopic (IFS) observations of 306 galaxies from the CALIFA survey. We consider the SFR surface density in units of log(M
⊙ yr−1 Kpc−2) and the stellar mass surface density in units of log(M
⊙ Kpc−2) in individual spaxels that probe spatial scales of 0.5–1.5 Kpc. This local relation exhibits a high degree of correlation with small scatter (σ = 0.23 dex), irrespective of the dominant ionization source of the host galaxy or its integrated stellar mass. We highlight (i) the integrated star formation main sequence formed by galaxies whose dominant ionization process is related to star formation, for which we find a slope of 0.81 ± 0.02; (ii) for the spatially resolved relation obtained with the spaxel analysis, we find a slope of 0.72 ± 0.04; and (iii) for the integrated main sequence, we also identified a sequence formed by galaxies that are dominated by an old stellar population, which we have called the retired galaxies sequence.
HIGH-RESOLUTION SPECTROSCOPY OF A YOUNG, LOW-METALLICITY OPTICALLY THIN L = 0.02L* STAR-FORMING GALAXY AT z = 3.12*
Authors: Vanzella E. , Barros S. De , Cupani G. , Karman W. , Gronke M. , Balestra I. , Coe D. , Mignoli M. , Brusa M. , Calura F. , Caminha G.-B. , Caputi K. , Castellano M. , Christensen L. , Comastri A. , Cristiani S. , Dijkstra M. , Fontana A. , Giallongo E. , Giavalisco M. , Gilli R. , Grazian A. , Grillo C. , Koekemoer A. , Meneghetti M. , Nonino M. , Pentericci L. , Rosati P. , Schaerer D. , Verhamme A. , Vignali C. , Zamorani G. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
We present VLT/X-Shooter and MUSE spectroscopy of a faint F814W = 28.60 ± 0.33 (

M

UV

=
−
17.0

), low-mass (≲

10

7

M

⊙

), and compact (R
eff = 62 pc) freshly star-forming galaxy at z = 3.1169 magnified (16×) by the Hubble Frontier Fields galaxy cluster Abell S1063. Gravitational lensing allows for a significant jump toward low-luminosity regimes, in moderately high-resolution spectroscopy (

R
=
λ

/

d
λ
∼
3000
–
7400

). We measured C iv

λ
1548
,
1550

, He ii

λ
1640

, O iii]

λ
1661
,
1666

, C iii]

λ
λ
1907
,
1909

, Hβ, [O iii]

λ
λ
4959
,
5007

emission lines with

FWHM
≲
50

km s−1 and (de-lensed) fluxes spanning the interval

1.0
×

10

−
19

–
2
×

10

−
18

erg s−1 cm−2 at signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) = 4–30. The double-peaked Lyα emission with

Δ
v
(
red
−
blue
)
=
280

(±7) km s−1 and de-lensed fluxes

2.4

(
blue
)

∣

8.5

(
red
)

×

10

−
18

erg s−1 cm−2 (S/N =

38

(
blue
)

∣

110

(
red
)

) indicate a low column density of neutral hydrogen gas consistent with a highly ionized interstellar medium as also inferred from the large [O iii]

λ
5007

/ [O ii]

λ
3727

>

10

ratio. We detect C iv

λ
1548
,
1550

resonant doublet in emission, each component with

FWHM
≲
45

km s−1 and redshifted by +51(±10) km s−1 relative to the systemic redshift. We interpret this as nebular emission tracing an expanding optically thin interstellar medium. Both C iv

λ
1548
,
1550

and He ii

λ
1640

suggest the presence of hot and massive stars (with a possible faint active galactic nucleus). The ultraviolet slope is remarkably blue,

β
=
−
2.95
±
0.20

(

F

λ

=

λ

β

), consistent with a dust-free and young ≲20 Myr galaxy. Line ratios suggest an oxygen abundance 12 + log(O/H)

<

7.8

. We are witnessing an early episode of star formation in which a relatively low N
H i
and negligible dust attenuation might favor a leakage of ionizing radiation. This galaxy currently represents a unique low-luminosity reference object for future studies of the reionization epoch with the James Webb Space Telescope.
STEREOSCOPIC OBSERVATION OF SLIPPING RECONNECTION IN A DOUBLE CANDLE-FLAME-SHAPED SOLAR FLARE
Authors: Gou Tingyu , Liu Rui , Wang Yuming , Liu Kai , Zhuang Bin , Chen Jun , Zhang Quanhao , Liu Jiajia 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
The 2011 January 28 M1.4 flare exhibits two side-by-side candle-flame-shaped flare loop systems underneath a larger cusp-shaped structure during the decay phase, as observed at the northwestern solar limb by the Solar Dynamics Observatory. The northern loop system brightens following the initiation of the flare within the southern loop system, but all three cusp-shaped structures are characterized by ∼10 MK temperatures, hotter than the arch-shaped loops underneath. The “Ahead” satellite of the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory provides a top view, in which the post-flare loops brighten sequentially, with one end fixed while the other apparently slipping eastward. By performing stereoscopic reconstruction of the post-flare loops in EUV and mapping out magnetic connectivities, we found that the footpoints of the post-flare loops are slipping along the footprint of a hyperbolic flux tube (HFT) separating the two loop systems and that the reconstructed loops share similarity with the magnetic field lines that are traced starting from the same HFT footprint, where the field lines are relatively flexible. These results argue strongly in favor of slipping magnetic reconnection at the HFT. The slipping reconnection was likely triggered by the flare and manifested as propagative dimmings before the loop slippage is observed. It may contribute to the late-phase peak in Fe xvi 33.5 nm, which is even higher than its main-phase counterpart, and may also play a role in the density and temperature asymmetry observed in the northern loop system through heat conduction.
Quelles conceptions temporelles pour analyser l’activité ? Une proposition issue de recherches en ergonomie dans l’horticulture
Authors: Zara-Meylan Valérie 
Published: April 2016

Cette contribution a été réalisée à partir de recherches en ergonomie ayant fait l’objet d’une thèse sur les modalités de gestion temporelle en situation dynamique. Nous y présentons une catégorisation temporelle issue de plusieurs disciplines en sciences sociales, qui est opérationnalisée pour analyser l’activité de chefs de culture en horticulture. Nous précisons tout d’abord les exigences temporelles du travail des chefs de culture en termes de cadres temporels entremêlés qu’ils gèrent dans un « milieu temporel » complexe. À partir d’entretiens réalisés sur neuf sites puis d’observations systématiques de l’activité de cinq d’entre eux, nous analysons ensuite les différentes modalités par lesquelles ils appréhendent ces cadres temporels et font évoluer leur milieu temporel. Les résultats nous amènent à proposer quatre conceptions temporelles complémentaires pour comprendre l’agir temporel multimodal en situation dynamique. Notre modèle distingue ainsi : un temps « poussé par le passé » de l’horloge et du calendrier (temps 1), un temps » tiré par le futur » d’un ordre temporel (temps 2), un temps « construit par le présent » et ouvrant l’avenir (temps 3) et enfin un temps uchronique « des alternatives passées » (temps 4). Ces conceptions temporelles sont mobilisées pour analyser des configurations de conditions temporelles identifiées et gérées par ces encadrants de proximité dans leur activité et celle de l’équipe. Certaines de ces configurations mènent à des difficultés et des risques pour la production ou pour leur santé.
Evaluating the efficacy of psychodynamic treatment on a single case of autism. A qualitative research
Authors: Vecchiato Marta , Sacchi Chiara , Simonelli Alessandra , Purgato Nicola 
Published: April 2016

Autism spectrum disorder refers to a group of diseases determined by multiple conditions and primarily defined on the basis of behavioral patterns. The literature and guidelines provide indications regarding adequate treatments, underlying how psychologically and behaviorally structured interventions, should be considered the best programs. Anyway, there is still a scarcity of studies evidencing the effectiveness of therapeutic and developmental approaches situated in a psychodynamic framework and researches aimed to evaluate the quality of psychodynamic interventions on autism are rare. The present study illustrate a qualitative research on the single-case intervention with an autistic adolescent, admitted to the Educational - Rehabilitation Centre Antenna 112. The Centre bases its intervention on a specific psychodynamic approach, Lacanian Psychoanalysis, named Pratique Ã Plusieurs. The efficacy of the psychodynamic intervention is evaluated by monitoring the therapeutic process with the adolescent from his admission. The evaluation took place in three different stages of the intervention: at the beginning of the treatment, after 6 months and after 12 months. In particular, the level of adaptive behaviors (Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale), Social Communication (Social Communication Questionnaire), and the seriousness of behavioral patterns, specific for the autism disorders (Childhood Autism Rating Scale) have been assessed. Results highlight that the psychodynamic setting of the Centre and the therapeutic intervention, which takes place in it, foster an improvement of adaptive behavior, such as life skills and socialization. Limitations of the present study and clinical implications regarding residential psychodynamic treatments in cases of autism disorders are discussed.
Weatherproofing Supply Chains: Enable Intelligent Preparedness with Data Analytics
Authors: Coyle John J. , Ruamsook Kusumal , Symon Eric J. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Catastrophic events, occurrences of severe weather, and year-over-year changes in the weather pose various degrees of risks for companies and their supply chains. These risks range from severe, prolonged supply chain disruptions, to critical stockouts, and to escalating costs due to last-minute implementation of the emergency procedures. When these risks come to fruition, the financial impacts can easily reach millions of dollars or more. This study introduces a new concept of intelligent preparedness—preparedness based on the ability to sense, capture, and analyze weather data and turn it into actionable insights. The fundamental difference between conventional preparedness and intelligent preparedness lies in the way in which weather big data are leveraged (or lack thereof) in managing weather-related risks. A case example of an early implementer is presented to illustrate the important role that data analytics play in enabling managers to take advantage of the weather big data in effectuating intelligent preparedness.