bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconstructed and Projected U.S. Residential Natural Gas Consumption during 1896–2043
Authors: Mauget Steven A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractUsing state-level monthly heating degree-day data, reconstructed per capita natural gas (NGr) consumption records for each state of the continental United States were calculated for 1895–2014 using linear regressions. The regressed monthly NGrvalues estimate the effects of twentieth- and early twenty-first-century climate variation on per capita natural gas usage, assuming a modern (1990–2013) consumption environment. Using these extended consumption records, the hypothetical effects of climate on past, current, and future natural gas (NG) use are estimated. By controlling for nonclimatic consumption effects, these extended reconstructions provide estimates of the sensitivity of NG consumption to historical climate variation, particularly long-term warming trends, occurring before the period of available consumption records. After detrending, the reconstructions are used to form improved estimates of interannual NG variation under current climate conditions. Given estimates of each state’s current consumption climatology and long-term trends in per capita consumption and current population trends, the net effect of warming and increasing population on future consumption is estimated. Significant long-term negative trends in per capita NG consumption are found in western and northeastern states and in Florida, while southeastern consumption effects reflect a multidecadal temperature cycle. Climate-related consumption effects found here are generally consistent with previous studies, with long-term trend effects limited to less than 12% and multidecadal regime effects limited to less than 9%. Given the stronger positive effects of increasing population on total state natural gas consumption, reduced per capita use associated with warming trends has a weak moderating effect on estimates of projected total consumption in 2043.
The Propagation of Internal Solitary Waves over Variable Topography in a Horizontally Two-Dimensional Framework
Authors: Yuan Chunxin , Grimshaw Roger , Johnson Edward , Chen Xueen 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis paper presents a horizontally two-dimensional theory based on a variable-coefficient Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation, which is developed to investigate oceanic internal solitary waves propagating over variable bathymetry, for general background density stratification and current shear. To illustrate the theory, a typical monthly averaged density stratification is used for the propagation of an internal solitary wave over either a submarine canyon or a submarine plateau. The evolution is essentially determined by two components, nonlinear effects in the main propagation direction and the diffraction modulation effects in the transverse direction. When the initial solitary wave is located in a narrow area, the consequent spreading effects are dominant, resulting in a wave field largely manifested by a significant diminution of the leading waves, together with some trailing shelves of the opposite polarity. On the other hand, if the initial solitary wave is uniform in the transverse direction, then the evolution is more complicated, though it can be explained by an asymptotic theory for a slowly varying solitary wave combined with the generation of trailing shelves needed to satisfy conservation of mass. This theory is used to demonstrate that it is the transverse dependence of the nonlinear coefficient in the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation rather than the coefficient of the linear transverse diffraction term that determines how the wave field evolves. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) general circulation model is used to provide a comparison with the variable-coefficient Kadomtsev–Petviashvili model, and good qualitative and quantitative agreements are found.
Heroin smoking and heroin using trends in Norway
Authors: Bretteville-Jensen Anne Line , Skretting Astrid 
Published: December 2017

A.L. Bretteville & A. Skretting: Heroin smoking and heroin using trends in Norway The aim is to ascertain whether new ways of administering heroin have gained ground in Norway by examining three series of cross-sectional surveys (D1–D3). D1–D2 are based on postal questionnaires for which D1 is a representative sample of 15–20 year olds in Oslo (1968–2006) and D2 is a corresponding sample of 21–30 year olds (1998, 2002, 2006). D3 is based on personal interviews and consists of users of a needle-exchange service in Oslo (1993–2008). Despite a substantial rise in illegal drug use over the study period, there is no indication of increased heroin use by young people. The prevalence rates are relatively low for all heroin use (1–2%). Routes of heroin administration seem to have changed, however, as more young people (21–30 years) now report having smoked heroin and fewer report having injected the drug. There also seem to be changes in drug use patterns among current injecting drug users (IDUs). Splitting the sample by year of injection debut, we find among those starting since year 2000; i) a rise in average injection debut age of 10 years (25.6 versus 15.5 years); ii) a higher proportion with heroin smoking experience (74% versus 53%); and iii) a higher proportion having smoked heroin before injecting the drug (73% versus 16%), compared to the IDUs debuting before 1980. Consequently, the data suggest changes in drug use patterns, particularly heroin use, among recreational users and heavy drug users. So, in addition to an increase in the number of IDUs, it seems likely that the number of heroin smokers has risen too.
Artikel
Authors: Törrönen Jukka , Juslin Inka 
Published: December 2017

J. Törrönen & I. Juslin; Alcohol in women's magazine advertisements from the 1960s to the 2000s The data for this article consist of alcohol or alcohol-related advertisements appearing in seven Finnish women's magazines: Kodin Kuvalehti (1967–2006), Kotiliesi (1967–2006), Kauneus & Terveys (1967–2006), Me Naiset (1976–2006), Gloria (1991–2006), Trend (1991–2006) and Cosmopolitan (1999–2006). We are interested, firstly, in what kind of subject positions these advertisements have contributed to construct for women's drinking from the 1960s to the present day. Secondly, we analyse the shifts and transformations that have happened in these subject positions with a view to inferring how the cultural position of drinking has changed. Our analysis is grounded in semiotic and phenomenological ways of reading visual materials. The analysis of these advertising materials indicates that in the 1960s, women were placed in the gendered position of housewife or woman responsible for managing the marital relationship. Women's drinking was confined to the private sphere of the home or associated with meals, general socializing with other couples or with their husbands’ business occasions. These same positions continue to persist in the 1970s and 1980s, taking on only marginal new features. In the 1990s and 2000s, women assume a more prominent role as active agents in public spaces, and drinking is associated with women's own time, pleasure and enjoyment. A picture emerges of a drinking, self-conscious woman who is a responsible consumer, a distinctive consumer, a consumer who toys with stereotypes, and a consumer who is oriented to independent breakaways.
Life Experience and Alcohol: 60–75-year-olds’ Relationship to Alcohol in Theme Interviews
Authors: Haarni Ilka , Hautamäki Lotta 
Published: December 2017

I.Haarni & L. Hautamäki: Life experience and alcohol: 60-75-yearolds' relationship to alcohol in theme interviews The article describes drinking habits of Finnish older adults and their relationship to alcohol. The study is based on the analysis of theme interviews among 60–70-year-old urban people. The method was biographical, qualitative content analysis. Alcohol consumption of the older adults was investigated through the analysis of changes in the use of alcohol during life course and the features of current drinking habits. The article argues that events of both life course and changing Finnish alcohol culture have shaped the drinking habits of older adults. The drinking habits and meanings given to alcohol consumption among older adults vary in many respects. A common factor in the drinking habits of older adults is the everyday nature of drinking; as with other Finns of today alcohol has become more commonplace than before. However, for the great majority of older adults, advanced years have produced skills in controlling the alcohol use and avoiding intoxication. The skill to consume alcohol within moderation has evolved with age and the course of life.
Dramatic Problems and Weak Policy
Authors: Lysova Alexandra V. , Pridemore William Alex 
Published: December 2017

■ AIMS This article provides an overview of the major patterns of alcohol consumption (e.g., how much, how, and what Russians drink) and alcohol-related harm (e.g., alcohol-related mortality, injury, and violence) in Russia during the last two decades. We also discuss the main contributors to changes in alcohol consumption and alcohol-related harm and current policy initiatives. ■ DATA Our review is based on published studies and on routing data obtained from multiple sources, including the Russian Monitoring of the Economic Situation and the Health of the Population, the State Committee for Statistics of the Russian Federation, the European Health for All database, and the Global Status Report on Alcohol. ■ RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Our review of this literature and these data revealed that the level of alcohol consumption (including estimated unregistered alcohol) in Russia remains among the highest in the world. Alcohol-related harm is considered by many to be a national disaster in Russia. Market liberalization, a weak state, and political populism increased supply and affordability of vodka relative to most other products. Gorbachev's anti-alcohol campaign also may have contributed to recent high levels of hazardous drinking because it led to increased home production and large-scale distribution networks of illegal alcohol and alcohol surrogates. All three presidents of Russia during the last two decades have tried to tackle the alcohol problem in the country, but yet unsuccessfully.
A randomized control trial to evaluate the importance of pre-training basic laparoscopic psychomotor skills upon the learning curve of laparoscopic intra-corporeal knot tying
Authors: Molinas Carlos Roger , Binda Maria Mercedes , Sisa Cesar Manuel , Campo Rudi 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Background
Training of basic laparoscopic psychomotor skills improves the acquisition of more advanced laparoscopic tasks, such as laparoscopic intra-corporeal knot tying (LICK). This randomized controlled trial was designed to evaluate whether pre-training of basic skills, as laparoscopic camera navigation (LCN), hand-eye coordination (HEC), and bimanual coordination (BMC), and the combination of the three of them, has any beneficial effect upon the learning curve of LICK. The study was carried out in a private center in Asunción, Paraguay, by 80 medical students without any experience in surgery. Four laparoscopic tasks were performed in the ENCILAP model (LCN, HEC, BMC, and LICK). Participants were allocated to 5 groups (G1–G5). The study was structured in 5 phases. In phase 1, they underwent a base-line test (T1) for all tasks (1 repetition of each task in consecutive order). In phase 2, participants underwent different training programs (30 consecutive repetitions) for basic tasks according to the group they belong to (G1: none; G2: LCN; G3: HEC; G4: BMC; and G5: LCN, HEC, and BMC). In phase 3, they were tested again (T2) in the same manner than at T1. In phase 4, they underwent a standardized training program for LICK (30 consecutive repetitions). In phase 5, they were tested again (T3) in the same manner than at T1 and T2. At each repetition, scoring was based on the time taken for task completion system.

Results
The scores were plotted and non-linear regression models were used to fit the learning curves to one- and two-phase exponential decay models for each participant (individual curves) and for each group (group curves). The LICK group learning curves fitted better to the two-phase exponential decay model. From these curves, the starting points (Y0), the point after HEC training/before LICK training (Y1), the Plateau, and the rate constants (K) were calculated. All groups, except for G4, started from a similar point (Y0). At Y1, G5 scored already better than the others (G1 p = .004; G2 p = .04; G3 p < .0001; G4 NS). Although all groups reached a similar Plateau, G5 has a quicker learning than the others, demonstrated by a higher K (G1 p < 0.0001; G2 p < 0.0001; G3 p < 0.0001; and G4 p < 0.0001).

Conclusions
Our data confirms that training improves laparoscopic skills and demonstrates that pre-training of all basic skills (i.e., LCN, HEC, and BMC) shortens the LICK learning curve.
Association of Patient Out-of-Pocket Costs With Prescription Abandonment and Delay in Fills of Novel Oral Anticancer Agents
Authors: Doshi Jalpa A. , Li Pengxiang , Huo Hairong , Pettit Amy R. , Armstrong Katrina A. 
Published: December 2017

Purpose The number of novel oral anticancer agents is increasing, but financial barriers may limit access. We examined associations between out-of-pocket (OOP) costs and reduced and/or delayed treatment initiation. Methods This retrospective claims-based study used 2014 to 2015 data from a large, proprietary, integrated database and included Medicare and commercial insurance enrollees with a new, adjudicated prescription for any of 38 oral anticancer agents. We examined rates of claim reversal (failure to purchase approved prescription), delayed initiation (reversal with subsequent fill of same agent within 90 days after adjudication), and abandonment (reversal with no fill of same agent within 90 days after adjudication) for the index oral anticancer agent. We also examined whether patients filled any alternate oral, injectable, or infusible anticancer agent within 90 days. Logistic regressions controlled for sociodemographic, clinical, and treatment characteristics to estimate adjusted rates. Results Among the final sample (N = 38,111), risk-adjusted rates of claim reversal ranged from 13% to 67%, increasing with higher OOP costs. Although the abandonment rate was 18% overall, risk-adjusted rates were higher in greater OOP cost categories (10.0% for ≤ $10 group v 13.5% for $50.01 to $100 group, 31.7% for $100.01 to $500 group, 41.0% for $500.01 to $2,000 group, and 49.4% for > $2,000 group; P < .001 compared with ≤ $10 group). Rates remained similar after accounting for use of alternate oral, injectable, or infusible anticancer agents. Delayed initiation was also more frequent for higher OOP cost categories (3% in ≤ $10 group v 18% in > $2,000 group; P < .001). Sensitivity and subgroup analyses by insurance type, pharmacy type, sex, and indication identified similar associations. Conclusion Higher OOP costs were associated with higher rates of oral prescription abandonment and delayed initiation across cancers. Fiscally sustainable strategies are needed to improve patient access to cancer medications.
Interrater reliability and radiation dosage of oblique coronal computed tomography for sacroiliitis in comparison with axial computed tomography
Authors: Li Sheng-Guang , Liu Xiangyuan , Zhou Huiqiong , Zhang Qing 
Published: December 2017

Objective:
Sacroiliitis, a prerequisite to the diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis, can be ascertained by CT when MRI is not available. Oblique coronal CT is an increasingly popular approach when examining sacroiliitis. The goal of this study was to understand how oblique coronal CT compared with axial CT scanning in terms of raters’ concordance when diagnosing sacroiliitis.

Methods:
52 subjects &lt; 45 years of age at onset of their chronic lower back pain were sequentially scanned by X-ray, axial CT and oblique coronal CT. The acquired images were graded by two experienced, double-blinded physicians.

Results:
Sacroiliitis in the oblique coronal view was sensitive enough for grading disease severity and/or detecting improvement. Interrater reliability for CT (axial + oblique coronal) was higher than X-ray. The diagnosis based upon oblique coronal CT was consistent, while the radiation dose delivered to the gonads was significantly reduced, compared with axial CT.

Conclusion:
When MRI is not available, oblique coronal CT should replace axial CT when diagnosing sacroiliitis.

Advances in knowledge:
When evaluating sacroiliitis, oblique coronal CT is as accurate as conventional axial CT, yet more advantageous owing to reduced radiation dosage.
Respiratory motion correction for free-breathing 3D abdominal MRI using CNN-based image registration: a feasibility study
Authors: Lv Jun , Yang Ming , Zhang Jue , Wang Xiaoying 
Published: December 2017

Objective:
Free-breathing abdomen imaging requires non-rigid motion registration of unavoidable respiratory motion in three-dimensional undersampled data sets. In this work, we introduce an image registration method based on the convolutional neural network (CNN) to obtain motion-free abdominal images throughout the respiratory cycle.

Methods:
Abdominal data were acquired from 10 volunteers using a 1.5 T MRI system. The respiratory signal was extracted from the central-space spokes, and the acquired data were reordered in three bins according to the corresponding breathing signal. Retrospective image reconstruction of the three near-motion free respiratory phases was performed using non-Cartesian iterative SENSE reconstruction. Then, we trained a CNN to analyse the spatial transform among the different bins. This network could generate the displacement vector field and be applied to perform registration on unseen image pairs. To demonstrate the feasibility of this registration method, we compared the performance of three different registration approaches for accurate image fusion of three bins: non-motion corrected (NMC), local affine registration method (LREG) and CNN.

Results:
Visualization of coronal images indicated that LREG had caused broken blood vessels, while the vessels of the CNN were sharper and more consecutive. As shown in the sagittal view, compared to NMC and CNN, distorted and blurred liver contours were caused by LREG. At the same time, zoom-in axial images presented that the vessels were delineated more clearly by CNN than LREG. The statistical results of the signal-to-noise ratio, visual score, vessel sharpness and registration time over all volunteers were compared among the NMC, LREG and CNN approaches. The SNR indicated that the CNN acquired the best image quality (207.42 Â± 96.73), which was better than NMC (116.67 Â± 44.70) and LREG (187.93 Â± 96.68). The image visual score agreed with SNR, marking CNN (3.85 Â± 0.12) as the best, followed by LREG (3.43 Â± 0.13) and NMC (2.55 Â± 0.09). A vessel sharpness assessment yielded similar values between the CNN (0.81 Â± 0.03) and LREG (0.80 Â± 0.04), differentiating them from the NMC (0.78 Â± 0.06). When compared with the LREG-based reconstruction, the CNN-based reconstruction reduces the registration time from 1 h to 1 min.

Conclusion:
Our preliminary results demonstrate the feasibility of the CNN-based approach, and this scheme outperforms the NMC- and LREG-based methods.

Advances in knowledge:
This method reduces the registration time from ~1 h to ~1 min, which has promising prospects for clinical use. To the best of our knowledge, this study shows the first convolutional neural network-based registration method to be applied in abdominal images.
Vasomotor symptoms monitoring with a commercial activity tracking watch
Authors: Ricke Darrell O. 
Published: December 2017

Personal fitness/health tracking devices that include electrodermal activity sensors enable tracking of vasomotor symptoms (hot flashes). Multiple conditions are associated with vasomotor symptoms. This article describes nighttime tracking of vasomotor symptoms for an individual over a two-year period. This volunteer was a participant in a longitudinal study on volunteers wearing physiological monitors. Personal tracking of vasomotor symptoms will provide new insights on the differences between conditions and impacts on individual’s health.
Fast P(RMNE): Fast forensic DNA probability of random man not excluded calculation
Authors: Ricke Darrell O. , Schwartz Steven 
Published: December 2017

High throughput sequencing (HTS) of DNA forensic samples is expanding from the sizing of short tandem repeats (STRs) to massively parallel sequencing (MPS). HTS panels are expanding from the FBI 20 core Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) loci to include SNPs. The calculation of random man not excluded, P(RMNE), is used in DNA mixture analysis to estimate the probability that a person is present in a DNA mixture. This calculation encounters calculation artifacts with expansion to larger panel sizes. Increasing the floating-point precision of the calculations allows for increased panel sizes but with a corresponding increase in computation time. The Taylor series higher precision libraries used fail on some input data sets leading to algorithm unreliability. Herein, a new formula is introduced for calculating P(RMNE) that scales to larger SNP panel sizes while being computationally efficient (patent pending).
The effectiveness and safety of antifibrinolytics in patients with acute intracranial haemorrhage: statistical analysis plan for an individual patient data meta-analysis
Authors: Ker Katharine , Prieto-Merino David , Sprigg Nikola , Mahmood Abda , Bath Philip , Kang Law Zhe , Flaherty Katie , Roberts Ian 
Published: December 2017

Introduction: The Antifibrinolytic Trialists Collaboration aims to increase knowledge about the effectiveness and safety of antifibrinolytic treatment by conducting individual patient data (IPD) meta-analyses of randomised trials. This article presents the statistical analysis plan for an IPD meta-analysis of the effects of antifibrinolytics for acute intracranial haemorrhage. Methods: The protocol for the IPD meta-analysis has been registered with PROSPERO (CRD42016052155). We will conduct an individual patient data meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials with 1000 patients or more assessing the effects of antifibrinolytics in acute intracranial haemorrhage. We will assess the effect on two co-primary outcomes: 1) death in hospital at end of trial follow-up, and 2) death in hospital or dependency at end of trial follow-up. The co-primary outcomes will be limited to patients treated within three hours of injury or stroke onset. We will report treatment effects using odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. We use logistic regression models to examine how the effect of antifibrinolytics vary by time to treatment, severity of intracranial bleeding, and age. We will also examine the effect of antifibrinolytics on secondary outcomes including death, dependency, vascular occlusive events, seizures, and neurological outcomes. Secondary outcomes will be assessed in all patients irrespective of time of treatment. All analyses will be conducted on an intention-to-treat basis. Conclusions: This IPD meta-analysis will examine important clinical questions about the effects of antifibrinolytic treatment in patients with intracranial haemorrhage that cannot be answered using aggregate data. With IPD we can examine how effects vary by time to treatment, bleeding severity, and age, to gain better understanding of the balance of benefit and harms on which to base recommendations for practice.