bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monitoring Prevalence, Treatment, and Control Of Metabolic Conditions In New York
City Adults Using 2013 Primary Care Electronic Health Records: A Surveillance Validation
Study
Authors: Thorpe Lorna E. , McVeigh Katharine H. , Perlman Sharon , Chan Pui Ying , Bartley Katherine , Schreibstein Lauren , Rodriguez-Lopez Jesica , Newton-Dame Remle 
Published: December 2016

Introduction: Electronic health records (EHRs) can potentially extend chronic
disease surveillance, but few EHR-based initiatives tracking population-based metrics
have been validated for accuracy. We designed a new EHR-based population health
surveillance system for New York City (NYC) known as NYC Macroscope. This report is the
third in a 3-part series describing the development and validation of that system. The
first report describes governance and technical infrastructure underlying the NYC
Macroscope. The second report describes validation methods and presents validation
results for estimates of obesity, smoking, depression and influenza vaccination. In this
third paper we present validation findings for metabolic indicators (hypertension,
hyperlipidemia, diabetes).Methods: We compared EHR-based estimates to those from a gold
standard surveillance source – the 2013-2014 NYC Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
(NYC HANES) – overall and stratified by sex and age group, using the two one-sided test
of equivalence and other validation criteria.Results: EHR-based hypertension prevalence
estimates were highly concordant with NYC HANES estimates. Diabetes prevalence estimates
were highly concordant when measuring diagnosed diabetes but less so when incorporating
laboratory results. Hypercholesterolemia prevalence estimates were less concordant
overall. Measures to assess treatment and control of the 3 metabolic conditions
performed poorly.Discussion: While indicator performance was variable, findings here
confirm that a carefully constructed EHR-based surveillance system can generate
prevalence estimates comparable to those from gold-standard examination surveys for
certain metabolic conditions such as hypertension and diabetes.Conclusions: Standardized
EHR metrics have potential utility for surveillance at lower annual costs than surveys,
especially as representativeness of contributing clinical practices to EHR-based
surveillance systems increases.
Evaluating Sustainability of Buildings Using Multi-Attribute Decision Tools
Authors: Rajagopalan Neethi , Kelley Stephen S. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Developing tools and methodologies for the evaluation of sustainable buildings is essential to promote transparency in the building design community. Building sustainability includes attributes from the built, natural, and social systems and inherently requires a series of trade-offs. These complex and often competing priorities require consideration at each stage of a building's life cycle.
A total of 24 environmental, social, and economic indicators were developed and applied to three alternative building systems: cross-laminated timber (CLT), steel and glass, and reinforced concrete.
The goal of this study was to demonstrate the use of a multi-attribute decision support system (MADSS) that uses a series of indicators, assigns numerical values to these indicators, and then allows for systematic evaluation and ranking of alternatives. A case study approach was used to demonstrate the utility of the MADSS approach in identifying “hot spots” and trade-offs for the three building systems. Portland, Oregon, was selected as the location for the alternative buildings. The functional unit for this study was a mixed-use nine-story building with an area of 19,000 ft2. All processes from extraction of raw materials to end-of-life operations were considered in this study. The CLT building was found to have a higher rank compared with concrete and steel in all three attributes of environmental, economic, and social sustainability.
The results of this study are intended to serve as a demonstration of the MADSS tool for building systems and to identify hot spots in the various indicators utilized for sustainability evaluation. The ranking of environmental, social, and economic attributes of building materials on specific indicators will vary with the interests of stakeholders and the building's location, type, design, and other factors.
Aspirin Resistance Predicts Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Symptomatic Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Pasala Tilak , Hoo Jennifer Soo , Lockhart Mary Kate , Waheed Rehan , Sengodan Prasanna , Alexander Jeffrey , Gandhi Sanjay 
Published: December 2016

Antiplatelet therapy reduces the risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, and vascular death in patients who have symptomatic peripheral artery disease. However, a subset of patients who take aspirin continues to have recurrent cardiovascular events. There are few data on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with peripheral artery disease who manifest aspirin resistance.
Patients with peripheral artery disease on long-term aspirin therapy (≥4 wk) were tested for aspirin responsiveness by means of the VerifyNow Aspirin Assay. The mean follow-up duration was 22.6 ± 8.3 months. The primary endpoint was a composite of death, myocardial infarction, or ischemic stroke. Secondary endpoints were the incidence of vascular interventions (surgical or percutaneous), or of amputation or gangrene caused by vascular disease.
Of the 120 patients enrolled in the study, 31 (25.8%) were aspirin-resistant and 89 (74.2%) were aspirin-responsive. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (32.3%) patients in the aspirin-resistant group and in 13 (14.6%) patients in the aspirin-responsive group (hazard ratio=2.48; 95% confidence interval, 1.08–5.66; P=0.03). There was no significant difference in the secondary outcome of revascularization or tissue loss. By multivariate analysis, aspirin resistance and history of chronic kidney disease were the only independent predictors of long-term adverse cardiovascular events.
Aspirin resistance is highly prevalent in patients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease and is an independent predictor of adverse cardiovascular risk. Whether intervening in these patients with additional antiplatelet therapies would improve outcomes needs to be explored.
Comparative Efficacy of Nebivolol and Metoprolol to Prevent Tachycardia-Induced Cardiomyopathy in a Porcine Model
Authors: Nazeri Alireza , Elayda MacArthur A. , Segura Ana Maria , Stainback Raymond F. , Nathan Joanna , Lee Vei-Vei , Bove Christina , Sampaio Luiz , Grace Brian , Massumi Ali , Razavi Mehdi 
Published: December 2016

Chronic tachycardia is a well-known cause of nonischemic cardiomyopathy. We hypothesized that nebivolol, a β-blocker with nitric oxide activity, would be superior to a pure β-blocker in preventing tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy in a porcine model.
Fifteen healthy Yucatan pigs were randomly assigned to receive nebivolol, metoprolol, or placebo once a day. All pigs underwent dual-chamber pacemaker implantation. The medication was started the day after the pacemaker implantation. On day 7 after implantation, each pacemaker was set at atrioventricular pace (rate, 170 beats/min), and the pigs were observed for another 7 weeks. Transthoracic echocardiograms, serum catecholamine levels, and blood chemistry data were obtained at baseline and at the end of the study. At the end of week 8, the pigs were euthanized, and complete histopathologic studies were performed.
All the pigs developed left ventricular cardiomyopathy but remained hemodynamically stable and survived to the end of the study. The mean left ventricular ejection fraction decreased from baseline by 34%, 20%, and 20% in the nebivolol, metoprolol, and placebo groups, respectively. These changes did not differ significantly among the 3 groups (P =0.51). Histopathologic analysis revealed mild left ventricular perivascular fibrosis with cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in 14 of the 15 pigs.
Both nebivolol and metoprolol failed to prevent cardiomyopathy in our animal model of persistent tachycardia and a high catecholamine state.
Late Cardiac Rupture after Amplatzer Septal Occluder Implantation
Authors: Arnaz Ahmet , Turkekul Yasemin , Yalcinbas Yusuf , Saygili Arda , Sarioglu Tayyar 
Published: December 2016

Transcatheter device implantation has become an attractive alternative to surgery in the closure of atrial septal defects in selected patients. However, it can lead to early and late sequelae, some of them life threatening. For example, 79 days before her admission to our emergency department with sudden-onset respiratory distress and respiratory arrest (leading to cardiac tamponade and rupture), a 22-year-old woman had undergone percutaneous closure of an atrial septal defect. We describe the damage and its treatment.
Although the adverse effects of transcatheter device implantation are rare, physicians should know that these events can be life threatening. Further data are needed to prevent such sequelae and to design new devices. It is of utmost importance that patients and their family members be informed both of possible sequelae and of life-saving interventions to be administered at early diagnosis.
The ınvestigation of problem solving skills of nursing students in terms of some variables<p> Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin problem çözme becerilerinin bazı değişkenler açısından incelenmesi
Authors: Erol Funda , Tanrıkulu Fatma , Dikmen Yurdanur , Akduran Funda 
Published: December 2016

Aim: This research was conducted in order to determine the problem solving skills of nursing students and some variables that are thought to affect these skills.Method: Sample of the study consisted of 463 students who agreed to take part in the study, from Sakarya University Health Sciences Faculty Nursing Department, 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th years (participation rate 53%). The data were collected by the Personal Information Form and the Problem Solving Inventory (PSI). Number, percentage, mean, standard deviation, independent t test and one-way variance test (ANOVA) were used in the analysis of the data.Results: Students who participated in the study were found to be 83.6% were female, 32.4% were at 1st grade, 81.2% had a nuclear family. The average PSI score of the students was found to be 97.33±14.76, problem solving reliability subscale score average was found to be 32.22±7.87, personal control subscale score average was found to be 19.39±3.20, and convergence/avoidance subscale score average was found to be 49.61±7.76. It has been stated that senior students who has got fragmented families, supportive and reassuring parental manners and who perceive the level of in come as bad, have better problem solving skills.Conclusion: According to the results of the research, it was determined that problem solving skills of nursing students were moderate. ÖzetAmaç: Bu araştırma, hemşirelik öğrencilerinin problem çözme becerilerini ve bu becerileri etkileyebilecek bazı değişkenlerin belirlenmesi amacıyla planlanmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırmanın örneklemini, Sakarya Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Hemşirelik Bölümü I., II., III. ve IV. Sınıftaöğrenim gören ve çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden 463 öğrenci oluşturmuştur (katılım oranı %53). Veriler “Kişisel Bilgi Formu” ile “Problem Çözme Envanteri (PÇE)” kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde sayı, yüzde, ortalama, standart sapma, bağımsız gruplarda t testi ve tekyönlü varyans testi (ANOVA) kullanılmıştır.Bulgular: Öğrencilerin %83.6’sının bayan olduğu, %32.4’ü I. sınıfta öğrenim gördüğü ve %81.2’sinin çekirdek aileye sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Öğrencilerin PÇE toplam puan ortalaması 97.33±14.76, problem çözme yeteneğine güven alt boyut puan ortalaması 32.22±7.87, kişisel kontrol alt boyut puan ortalaması 19.39±3.20, yakınlaşma/kaçınma alt boyut puan ortalaması ise 49.61±7.76 olarak saptanmıştır. Son sınıfta öğrenim gören, parçalanmış aileye sahip, destekleyici ve güven verici ebeveyn tutumu olan, gelir düzeyini kötü algılayan öğrencilerin problem çözme becerilerinin daha iyi olduğu belirlenmiştir.Sonuç: Sonuç olarak, hemşirelik öğrencilerin problem çözme becerilerinin orta düzeyde olduğu saptanmıştır.
Differential Encoding of Time by Prefrontal and Striatal Network Dynamics
Authors: Bakhurin Konstantin I. , Goudar Vishwa , Shobe Justin L. , Claar Leslie D. , Buonomano Dean V. , Masmanidis Sotiris C. 
Published: December 2016

Telling time is fundamental to many forms of learning and behavior, including the anticipation of rewarding events. Although the neural mechanisms underlying timing remain unknown, computational models have proposed that the brain represents time in the dynamics of neural networks. Consistent with this hypothesis, changing patterns of neural activity dynamically in a number of brain areas—including the striatum and cortex—has been shown to encode elapsed time. To date, however, no studies have explicitly quantified and contrasted how well different areas encode time by recording large numbers of units simultaneously from more than one area. Here, we performed large-scale extracellular recordings in the striatum and orbitofrontal cortex of mice that learned the temporal relationship between a stimulus and a reward and reported their response with anticipatory licking. We used a machine-learning algorithm to quantify how well populations of neurons encoded elapsed time from stimulus onset. Both the striatal and cortical networks encoded time, but the striatal network outperformed the orbitofrontal cortex, a finding replicated both in simultaneously and nonsimultaneously recorded corticostriatal datasets. The striatal network was also more reliable in predicting when the animals would lick up to ∼1 s before the actual lick occurred. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that temporal information is encoded in a widely distributed manner throughout multiple brain areas, but that the striatum may have a privileged role in timing because it has a more accurate “clock” as it integrates information across multiple cortical areas.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe neural representation of time is thought to be distributed across multiple functionally specialized brain structures, including the striatum and cortex. However, until now, the neural code for time has not been compared quantitatively between these areas. Here, we performed large-scale recordings in the striatum and orbitofrontal cortex of mice trained on a stimulus–reward association task involving a delay period and used a machine-learning algorithm to quantify how well populations of simultaneously recorded neurons encoded elapsed time from stimulus onset. We found that, although both areas encoded time, the striatum consistently outperformed the orbitofrontal cortex. These results suggest that the striatum may refine the code for time by integrating information from multiple inputs.
Role of Dorsomedial Striatum Neuronal Ensembles in Incubation of Methamphetamine Craving after Voluntary Abstinence
Authors: Caprioli Daniele , Venniro Marco , Zhang Michelle , Bossert Jennifer M. , Warren Brandon L. , Hope Bruce T. , Shaham Yavin 
Published: December 2016

We recently developed a rat model of incubation of methamphetamine craving after choice-based voluntary abstinence. Here, we studied the role of dorsolateral striatum (DLS) and dorsomedial striatum (DMS) in this incubation. We trained rats to self-administer palatable food pellets (6 d, 6 h/d) and methamphetamine (12 d, 6 h/d). We then assessed relapse to methamphetamine seeking under extinction conditions after 1 and 21 abstinence days. Between tests, the rats underwent voluntary abstinence (using a discrete choice procedure between methamphetamine and food; 20 trials/d) for 19 d. We usedin situhybridization to measure the colabeling of the activity markerFoswithDrd1andDrd2in DMS and DLS after the tests. Based on thein situhybridization colabeling results, we tested the causal role of DMS D1and D2family receptors, and DMS neuronal ensembles in “incubated” methamphetamine seeking, using selective dopamine receptor antagonists (SCH39166 or raclopride) and the Daun02 chemogenetic inactivation procedure, respectively. Methamphetamine seeking was higher after 21 d of voluntary abstinence than after 1 d (incubation of methamphetamine craving). The incubated response was associated with increasedFosexpression in DMS but not in DLS;Foswas colabeled with bothDrd1andDrd2. DMS injections of SCH39166 or raclopride selectively decreased methamphetamine seeking after 21 abstinence days. InFos-lacZtransgenic rats, selective inactivation of relapse test-activatedFosneurons in DMS on abstinence day 18 decreased incubated methamphetamine seeking on day 21. Results demonstrate a role of DMS dopamine D1and D2receptors in the incubation of methamphetamine craving after voluntary abstinence and that DMS neuronal ensembles mediate this incubation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn human addicts, abstinence is often self-imposed and relapse can be triggered by exposure to drug-associated cues that induce drug craving. We recently developed a rat model of incubation of methamphetamine craving after choice-based voluntary abstinence. Here, we used classical pharmacology,in situhybridization, immunohistochemistry, and the Daun02 inactivation procedure to demonstrate a critical role of dorsomedial striatum neuronal ensembles in this new form of incubation of drug craving.
DNA-PKcs, ATM, and ATR Interplay Maintains Genome Integrity during Neurogenesis
Authors: Enriquez-Rios Vanessa , Dumitrache Lavinia C. , Downing Susanna M. , Li Yang , Brown Eric J. , Russell Helen R. , McKinnon Peter J. 
Published: December 2016

The DNA damage response (DDR) orchestrates a network of cellular processes that integrates cell-cycle control and DNA repair or apoptosis, which serves to maintain genome stability. DNA-PKcs (the catalytic subunit of the DNA-dependent kinase, encoded byPRKDC), ATM (ataxia telangiectasia, mutated), and ATR (ATM and Rad3-related) are related PI3K-like protein kinases and central regulators of the DDR. Defects in these kinases have been linked to neurodegenerative or neurodevelopmental syndromes. In all cases, the key neuroprotective function of these kinases is uncertain. It also remains unclear how interactions between the three DNA damage-responsive kinases coordinate genome stability, particularly in a physiological context. Here, we used a genetic approach to identify the neural function of DNA-PKcs and the interplay between ATM and ATR during neurogenesis. We found that DNA-PKcs loss in the mouse sensitized neuronal progenitors to apoptosis after ionizing radiation because of excessive DNA damage. DNA-PKcs was also required to prevent endogenous DNA damage accumulation throughout the adult brain. In contrast, ATR coordinated the DDR during neurogenesis to direct apoptosis in cycling neural progenitors, whereas ATM regulated apoptosis in both proliferative and noncycling cells. We also found that ATR controls a DNA damage-induced G2/M checkpoint in cortical progenitors, independent of ATM and DNA-PKcs. These nonoverlapping roles were further confirmed via sustained murine embryonic or cortical development after all three kinases were simultaneously inactivated. Thus, our results illustrate how DNA-PKcs, ATM, and ATR have unique and essential roles during the DDR, collectively ensuring comprehensive genome maintenance in the nervous system.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe DNA damage response (DDR) is essential for prevention of a broad spectrum of different human neurologic diseases. However, a detailed understanding of the DDR at a physiological level is lacking. In contrast to manyin vitrocellular studies, here we demonstrate independent biological roles for the DDR kinases DNA-PKcs, ATM, and ATR during neurogenesis. We show that DNA-PKcs is central to DNA repair in nonproliferating cells, and restricts DNA damage accumulation, whereas ATR controls damage-induced G2checkpoint control and apoptosis in proliferating cells. Conversely, ATM is critical for controlling apoptosis in immature noncycling neural cells after DNA damage. These data demonstrate functionally distinct, but cooperative, roles for each kinase in preserving genome stability in the nervous system.
Complex structure of cytochrome c–cytochrome c oxidase reveals a novel protein–protein interaction mode
Authors: Shimada Satoru , Shinzawa‐Itoh Kyoko , Baba Junpei , Aoe Shimpei , Shimada Atsuhiro , Yamashita Eiki , Kang Jiyoung , Tateno Masaru , Yoshikawa Shinya , Tsukihara Tomitake 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) transfers electrons from cytochrome c (Cyt.c) to O2 to generate H2O, a process coupled to proton pumping. To elucidate the mechanism of electron transfer, we determined the structure of the mammalian Cyt.c–CcO complex at 2.0‐Å resolution and identified an electron transfer pathway from Cyt.c to CcO. The specific interaction between Cyt.c and CcO is stabilized by a few electrostatic interactions between side chains within a small contact surface area. Between the two proteins are three water layers with a long inter‐molecular span, one of which lies between the other two layers without significant direct interaction with either protein. Cyt.c undergoes large structural fluctuations, using the interacting regions with CcO as a fulcrum. These features of the protein–protein interaction at the docking interface represent the first known example of a new class of protein–protein interaction, which we term “soft and specific”. This interaction is likely to contribute to the rapid association/dissociation of the Cyt.c–CcO complex, which facilitates the sequential supply of four electrons for the O2 reduction reaction.
Molecular mechanisms that distinguish TFIID housekeeping from regulatable SAGA promoters
Authors: de Jonge Wim J , O'Duibhir Eoghan , Lijnzaad Philip , van Leenen Dik , Groot Koerkamp Marian JA , Kemmeren Patrick , Holstege Frank CP 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAn important distinction is frequently made between constitutively expressed housekeeping genes versus regulated genes. Although generally characterized by different DNA elements, chromatin architecture and cofactors, it is not known to what degree promoter classes strictly follow regulatability rules and which molecular mechanisms dictate such differences. We show that SAGA‐dominated/TATA‐box promoters are more responsive to changes in the amount of activator, even compared to TFIID/TATA‐like promoters that depend on the same activator Hsf1. Regulatability is therefore an inherent property of promoter class. Further analyses show that SAGA/TATA‐box promoters are more dynamic because TATA‐binding protein recruitment through SAGA is susceptible to removal by Mot1. In addition, the nucleosome configuration upon activator depletion shifts on SAGA/TATA‐box promoters and seems less amenable to preinitiation complex formation. The results explain the fundamental difference between housekeeping and regulatable genes, revealing an additional facet of combinatorial control: an activator can elicit a different response dependent on core promoter class.