bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting, Improving and Visualizing Cavitation Characteristics of First-Stage Impellers in High-Speed, High-Energy Pumps
Authors: van den Berg Nico , Bastiaansen Tim , Elebiary Kariem 
Published: November 2015

This paper describes the development and verification of a new first-stage impeller using an automated and parameterized process of reshaping the vane leading edge. By utilizing Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), several design iterations can be performed in a short period of time driven by the numerical NPSHi curve — which is an indication of the NPSH at which the first cavitation bubbles will start to form [1].
Based on the original (parent) impeller hydraulic, five designs were created with a variety of vane leading edge shapes. To ensure the Best Cavitation Point (BCP) is located near rated condition and the NPSH3 requirement is met at maximum operating flow, the most promising design was selected and manufactured at full scale using rapid prototyping.
During full scale, reduced speed, flow visualization testing in a dedicated test loop of a reworked and a non-reworked original impeller and the new impeller design, it was confirmed that the results were in line with the numerical predictions; the field impeller showed cavitation formation that matched the observed damage pattern and the new impeller design demonstrated a significant decrease in cavity lengths. For the condition of field NPSHA at 80 and 100 percent rated flow, cavitation formation was not observed anymore for the new design.
The lesson learned from this study is that the NPSH3 requirement alone is an inappropriate criterion for high-speed, high-energy centrifugal pumps. It is advised to map the development of cavitation for all high-energy pumps having high eye peripheral speeds. Besides this, it can be concluded that CFD is a viable tool in assessing incipient cavitation behavior and can be considered an alternative to flow visualization testing.
Part Load Flow and Hydrodynamic Instabilities of a Centrifugal Pump: Part 2 — Numerical Simulations
Authors: Couzinet Anthony , Gros Laurent , Pierrat Daniel 
Published: November 2015

This paper - part2 presents the results of 3D CFD simulations in a centrifugal pump corresponding to the experimental tests presented in Part 1 [1]. Numerical investigations have been carried out to study the behavior of the same centrifugal pump in the range of flow rates corresponding to the saddle-type instability. The numerical results obtained from numerical simulations performed with ANSYS CFX and based on a steady state approach are compared to the experimental data.
This study aims to reproduce by numerical simulations the head drop induced by the saddle-type instability starting from industrial approaches using two-equation turbulence modeling. Moreover the analysis of the local flow provides explanations about the physical phenomenon behind this instability.
By comparing an approach taking into account the full geometry of the pump and another limited to one blade passage the limits of usual approaches in rotating machinery simulations for the representation of such instabilities are discussed.
A Review of Common Problems Observed in Cooling Water Intakes and the Use of Physical Models to Develop Effective Solutions
Authors: Werth David , Havice Matthew 
Published: November 2015

Pump intake structures are a necessary component of the cooling water systems for power plants, process and manufacturing facilities, flood control and water/wastewater applications. Large cooling water systems often use substantial sea / river water intakes or cooling towers to provide the required cooling of the process or circulating water. These structures can be very large and often house multiple pump with capacities ranging in size from a few hundred m3/hr to 60,000 m3/hr or more. With such large flow rates care must be taken to ensure uniform flow to the pump to limit vortex activity, vibration, flow induced cavitation and performance problems. In many cases, a physical hydraulic model study is conducted to evaluate the overall approach flow and the performance of the intake. This paper presents a synopsis of several recent physical model studies and a review of recurring problems associated with common design features.
This paper takes a closer look at stop log support walls, an intake design feature common to seawater intakes. This wall is often used to minimize the height of the stop logs. In applications with large variations of water level, such as a seawater intake, there are times when the support walls are submerged significantly, resulting in significant flow disturbances. A feature common to cooling towers is the use of 90-degree suction elbows to supply horizontal pumps. A review of short radius vs. long radius elbow performance is presented. Cooling towers often have another common feature which is a significant difference in depth between the cooling tower basin and the pump sump. This results in typical shallow basins and deeper sumps. A common problem is the utilization of minimum pump submergence to set the water levels without reference to the basin invert elevation. A discussion of choked flow conditions in cooling towers is presented. A final discussion is presented regarding cross-flow and the use of concentrated supply channels in cooling tower applications to facilitate the isolation of individual tower cells.
This paper presents a synopsis of several recent physical model studies and a review of recurring problems associated with common intake design features. The results of several model studies are presented to demonstrate the negative impacts that these common intake features have on approach flow conditions. The intent of the paper is to provide the design engineer some additional guidance not offered in industry guidelines or standards with the hope of avoiding common problems which can be costly and difficult to remediate after the intake has been constructed.
CFD of Vortical Flows: Requirements and Mesh Adaption Techniques
Authors: Reclari Martino , Fukao Shinji , Iino Masamichi , Sano Takeshi , Nakamura Yuuki 
Published: November 2015

In most hydraulic applications (turbines, pumps, water intakes, propellers) the appearance of gas filled vortices, either caused by cavitation or air entrainment from a free surface, is usually associated with increase of losses, vibrations, noise and erosion risk. However, a correct prediction of the vortex characteristics (most importantly, of the pressure at the core) by numerical simulations may be challenging. A common example is the over-prediction of the vortex dissipation, which leads to wrong estimation of the gas core collapse location.
In the present paper we assess the numerical requirements necessary to compute vortex characteristics comparable to experimental results. As a first step, we evaluate the influence of the mesh resolution for different turbulence models (SST, SAS and RMS), in the case of a vortex generated by an elliptical wing.
Secondly, we compare the efficiency of several popular vortex identification techniques (helicity, Q, λ, Δ, etc…) to designate the mesh refinement regions, thus adapting the mesh to successfully compute the vortex characteristics, in the case of a vortex created in a cylindrical container with tangential inflow and central outflow.
Therefore, we are able to present effective guidelines for the correct computation of the above mentioned two phase problems, that can also be applied to leakage flow in gas turbomachines, wing-tip vortices, and more generally all computations where a high quality resolution of the vortices is necessary.
Geological and Geomorphological Tsunami Hazard Analysis for the Maldives Using an Integrated WE Method and a LR Model
Authors: Riyaz Mahmood , Suppasri Anawat 
Published: November 2015

This study presents a tsunami hazard analysis for the Maldives using integrated statistical approaches, such as the WE (weight of evidence) method and a LR (logistic regression) model, using historical flooding records from the Maldives following the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami. The data with respect to the geological and geomorphological parameters of the islands and reefs, which were collected from 202 inhabited islands and seven resorts in the Maldives, were weighted by the presence/absence of evidence from the impacted islands. The tsunami hazard and risk were evaluated using spatial weights calculated for each variable. The predicted tsunami risk was compared with the impact of the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami. The results show that for the three cases, the success rate of the estimated hazard and risk prediction ranged between 74% and 90% for the low and high impact islands, respectively. However, the predictability for medium impact islands in the three cases was within the range of 52–58%. The results of this study can be applied to hazard and risk assessments, are useful for tsunami behavior model development for coral islands and can be used to identify islands that are naturally protected, sheltered or resilient against natural disasters, such as tsunamis.
Abstract A1-04: The role of chromatin remodeler CHD1 in genomic alterations and prostate cancer progression
Authors: Liu Wennuan , Rodrigues Lindsey Ulkus , Li Tao , Zhang Zheng , Rider Leah , Romero Lina , Zheng Lilly S. , Isaacs William B. , Cramer Scott , Xu Jianfeng 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The chromodomain helicase DNA (CHD) binding proteins have been implicated to play a role in genome stability. CHD1 is second only to PTEN as the most frequent homozygously deleted gene in the tumor genome of prostate cancer (PCa). To assess the role of CHD1 in genomic integrity and PCa progression, we performed a comprehensive survey of DNA copy number alterations (CNAs) in the tumor genome among a total of 611 patients from 5 independent cohorts and an association analysis of CHD1 deletion with cancer progression from low (Gleason 6) to high (Gleason ≥ 8) grade tumors. Our data revealed that the frequency of CHD1 deletion significantly increased as cancer progressing from low to intermediate and to high grades, suggesting a role of this CNA in cancer progression. Loss of CHD1 was significantly associated with homozygous deletions at other genomic locations in the tumor genome, and with deletion of MAP3K7. We next evaluated the in vitro and in vivo joint effects of knockdown of CHD1 and the collaborative gene MAP3K7 on tumorigenesis, cell proliferation (Ki67), tumor size, histopathological characteristics, and cancer progression, using shRNA and tissue recombination with rat urogenital mesenchyme and mouse prostate epithelial stem/progenitor cells grafted under the renal capsule and subcutaneous xenografts in nude mice. While suppressing CHD1 expression, in general, resulted in deceased growth of tumor cells vs. shControl cells, concurrently suppressing expression of both CHD1 and MAP3K7 promoted aggressive tumor growth and reduced survival. We finally explored the effect of knockdown of CHD1/MAP3K7 expression in stable cell lines derived human normal prostate epithelial cells and cancer cells on genomic rearrangement via CNA analysis. Although a wide range of CNAs was observed in different cell lines, some of them recapitulated the CNAs that were commonly observed in the tumors of human PCa. Collectively, these data suggest that loss of CHD1 leads to further evolution of cancer cells via genomic instability and combined loss of CHD1 and MAP3K7 drives the progression of PCa.
Note: This abstract was not presented at the conference.
Citation Format: Wennuan Liu, Lindsey Ulkus Rodrigues, Tao Li, Zheng Zhang, Leah Rider, Lina Romero, Lilly S. Zheng, William B. Isaacs, Scott Cramer, Jianfeng Xu. The role of chromatin remodeler CHD1 in genomic alterations and prostate cancer progression. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Translation of the Cancer Genome; Feb 7-9, 2015; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(22 Suppl 1):Abstract nr A1-04.
Abstract A1-08: Comparative genomics study of FOXA/ER dual regulation in breast cancer and liver cancer
Authors: Li Zhaoyu 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Estrogen, the female dominant hormone, has been found to play critical roles in cancers for over 100 years. In 1896, estrogen was found to promote the tumor growth of breast cancer; and in 1937, estrogen was found to prevent the tumor growth of liver cancer. After the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) was identified in 1958, ERα-mediated estrogen signaling was found to promote or prevent the growth of breast cancer cells or liver cancer cells, respectively. Recent studies showed that ERα-mediated estrogen signaling in promoting the growth of breast cancer cells was dependent of forkhead box protein A1 (FOXA1). Our recent study showed that ERα-mediated estrogen signaling in preventing the growth of liver cancer cells also depended on FOXA factors (FOXA1 and FOXA2). Thus, FOXA-dependent ERα-mediated estrogen signaling plays opposite roles in the growth of breast cancer and liver cancer cells. Here, we applied genomic approaches to identify 184 FOXA/ER dual target genes that showed opposite expression in response to estrogen-mediated stimulation or suppression of cell growth in breast or liver cancer cells. Gene ontology analysis showed that the majority of these FOXA/ER dual target genes were involved in the processes of cell proliferation and growth, cell death, tissue development, and cancer. Manipulations of the expression of these target genes were able to reverse the growth of breast and liver cancer cells. Thus, these 184 FOXA/ER dual target genes provide us a novel set of potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for both breast cancer and liver cancer.
Note: This abstract was not presented at the conference.
Citation Format: Zhaoyu Li. Comparative genomics study of FOXA/ER dual regulation in breast cancer and liver cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Translation of the Cancer Genome; Feb 7-9, 2015; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(22 Suppl 1):Abstract nr A1-08.
Abstract A1-09: Functional analysis of the chr13q22.1 pancreatic cancer risk locus suggests allele-specific effects on DIS3 expression with prognostic implications
Authors: Hoskins Jason W. , Ibrahim Abdisamad , Emmanuel Mickey , Manmiller Sarah , Jia Jinping , Parikh Hemang , Collins Irene , Ylaya Kris , Altekruse Sean F. , Hewitt Stephen M. , Petersen Gloria M. , Amundadottir Laufey T. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of pancreatic cancer conducted within the NCI Cohort Consortium (PanScan I and II) identified pancreatic cancer susceptibility loci on chromosomes 1q32.1/NR5A2, 5p15.33/CLPTM1L/TERT, 9q34.2/ABO, and 13q22.1. The most significant single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) identified on 13q22.1, rs9543325, lies in a ~600 kb gene desert; the nearest genes are KLF5, KLF12, PIBF1, DIS3, and BORA (265–586 kb away). Imputation using the 1000 Genomes and DCEG reference datasets did not improve the GWAS signal, but produced a set of highly correlated SNPs for functional follow-up. We performed eQTL analysis to test for association between the genotypes of these functional candidate variants and expression of nearby genes. Among 64 normal derived pancreatic tissue samples, DIS3 expression showed the strongest association with a 30 bp indel variant in the risk locus (P = 4.8 × 10-4), indicating risk alleles associate with reduced DIS3 expression. Mutations in DIS3 have previously been identified in acute myeloid leukemia and multiple myeloma, and its expression has been correlated with metastatic potential in colorectal cancer, suggesting DIS3 is relevant to cancer biology. Chromosome conformation capture identified a physical interaction between the indel-containing locus and a region near the DIS3 promoter. Luciferase assay for regulatory function of this indel-containing locus revealed allele-specific silencer activity for the insertion allele. Supershift electromobility shift assay (EMSA) demonstrated binding of LEF1 specifically to the insertion allele of the indel, which contains two in silico predicted LEF1 binding elements. Finally, through immunohistochemical analysis, high DIS3 protein levels associated with better survival for pancreatic cancer patients (hazard ratio = 2.87, 95% CI = 1.49–5.53, P = 0.001). Our results suggest that at least one target gene for the pancreatic cancer risk variants on chr13q22.1 may be DIS3, and that the underlying biology may be mediated by the novel indel through a long-range repressive effect on DIS3 expression.
Citation Format: Jason W. Hoskins, Abdisamad Ibrahim, Mickey Emmanuel, Sarah Manmiller, Jinping Jia, Hemang Parikh, Irene Collins, Kris Ylaya, Sean F. Altekruse, Stephen M. Hewitt, Gloria M. Petersen, Laufey T. Amundadottir. Functional analysis of the chr13q22.1 pancreatic cancer risk locus suggests allele-specific effects on DIS3 expression with prognostic implications. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Translation of the Cancer Genome; Feb 7-9, 2015; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(22 Suppl 1):Abstract nr A1-09.
Abstract A1-15: Systematic genomic characterization of uveal melanoma
Authors: Place Chelsea S. , Kim Ivana K. , Esmaeli Bita , Amin-Mansour Ali , Treacy Daniel J. , Carter Scott L. , Hodis Eran , Wagle Nikhil , Seepo Sara , Yu Xiaoxing , Vazquez Francisca , Nickerson Elizabeth , Cibulskis Kristian , McKenna Aaron , Gabriel Stacey B. , Getz Gad , Allen Eliezer M. Van , Garraway Levi A. , Woodman Scott E. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is a rare type of melanoma that occurs in the iris, ciliary body, and choroid of the eye. Metastatic disease is typically found in the liver and has no effective therapeutic options. To improve our understanding of the genetic drivers of UM, we sequenced the exome of 61 primary tumors and 3 liver metastases, each with matched normal DNA. Consistent with prior studies, the majority of UM tumors harbored mutually exclusive mutations in GNAQ and GNA11. Co-occurring with GNAQ and GNA11 mutations were inactivating mutations throughout the BAP1 coding region as well as recurrent mutations in the splicing factor SF3B1 and the translation initiation factor EIF1AX. Somatic mutations found only in metastatic tumor samples were also identified. The function of mutant EIF1AX was probed using loss of function experiments. Reduction of EIF1AX expression impaired the growth of both wild type and mutant cells. To identify transcripts regulated by EIF1AX at the level of translation, RNA sequencing of polysome-associated mRNAs was performed. Knockdown of wild type, but not mutant EIF1AX reduced the efficiency of ribosomal protein translation. Cancer cells expressing mutant EIF1AX may harbor changes in protein translation, which may be important for tumorigenesis.
Citation Format: Chelsea S. Place, Ivana K. Kim, Bita Esmaeli, Ali Amin-Mansour, Daniel J. Treacy, Scott L. Carter, Eran Hodis, Nikhil Wagle, Sara Seepo, Xiaoxing Yu, Francisca Vazquez, Elizabeth Nickerson, Kristian Cibulskis, Aaron McKenna, Stacey B. Gabriel, Gad Getz, Eliezer M. Van Allen, Levi A. Garraway, Scott E. Woodman. Systematic genomic characterization of uveal melanoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Translation of the Cancer Genome; Feb 7-9, 2015; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(22 Suppl 1):Abstract nr A1-15.
Abstract A1-26: Inhibiting stemness and invasion property of glioma stem cells by biguanide compound
Authors: Choi Junjeong , Lee Ji-Hyun , Shim Jin-Kyoung , Pilnam Kim , Kang Seok-Gu 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Introduction: Ever since pharmacoepidemiologic clues of antineoplastic actions of metformin were reported in 2005, potential application of biguanide for the treatment of several types of cancer has been evaluated. To overcome limited pharmacokinetic properties of prototype biguanides such as metformin and penformin, a newly developed biguanide compound HL156A was developed. In the present, we assessed the potential biologic effect of HL156A on the glioma stemness and invasion properties.
Methods: Using patient derived glioma cancer stem cells (gCSCs), we assessed cell viability, AMPK-mTOR pathway, stemness, differentiation, tumor invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal properties of gCSCs. In addition, expression profiles with drug treatment were obtained using Illumina HumanHT-12 v4 Expression BeadChip and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed with GSEA application. Orthotopic tumor model was generated and assessed for tumor margin.
Results: The compound activated p-AMPK and reduced phosphorylation of mTORC-1-regulated proteins. It decreased stemness of gCSCs, proved by sphere formation assay and decreased expression of stemness markers. The invasive properties of gCSCs were inhibited on 3D invasion assay and the expression of proteins related with epithelial-mesenchymal transition was inhibited by the compound. GSEA revealed cell adhesion related gene set was altered in the compound treated groups. Orthotopic model of the tumor showed less invasive tumor margin on the treatment of the compound.
Citation Format: Junjeong Choi, Ji-Hyun Lee, Jin-Kyoung Shim, Kim Pilnam, Seok-Gu Kang. Inhibiting stemness and invasion property of glioma stem cells by biguanide compound. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Translation of the Cancer Genome; Feb 7-9, 2015; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(22 Suppl 1):Abstract nr A1-26.
Abstract A1-36: The genomics of young lung cancer
Authors: Gitlitz Barbara J. , Morosini Deborah , Sable-Hunt Alicia , Addario Bonnie J. , Oxnard Geoffrey R. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Primary lung cancer is increasingly understood as a heterogeneous disease made up of genomically defined subtypes requiring distinct treatment strategies. We hypothesize young age at diagnosis (&lt;40 years) is a clinical characteristic associated with an increased chance for a targetable mutation. Our study will prospectively characterize the somatic and germline genomics of young lung cancer (GYLC). Our goals are to identify a genomically enriched subtype of lung cancer, facilitate delivery of targeted therapy and lay the groundwork for further studies of heritable and environmental lung cancer risk factors. A website allows for virtual consenting so patients can participate remotely and use social media to share our trial.
We have defined 7 genomic alterations of interest, based on the lung cancer mutational consortium (LCMC) (EGFR, KRAS, HER2, BRAF, ALK, ROS1, RET). Subjects will undergo CLIA genomics to ensure that all of these genes have been tested. Those who are wild type will receive additional CLIA genomics using the FoundationOne® Heme panel, with the goal of identifying novel oncogenic drivers. Additional investigational genomics will include blood for germline testing. We believe the prevalence of targetable mutations will be greater in our population as compared to the LCMC and have powered our study to show an increase from 35% to 50%; and an improvement in the use of targeted therapy from 22% to 40%. The trial is currently accruing (NCT02273336). Preliminary results at 20% accrual show over 60% of pts with ALK, ROS1 or EGFR mutations. Further results to be presented at the meeting.
(This trial is facilitated by the Addario Lung Cancer Medical Institute)
Citation Format: Barbara J. Gitlitz, Deborah Morosini, Alicia Sable-Hunt, Bonnie J. Addario, Geoffrey R. Oxnard. The genomics of young lung cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Translation of the Cancer Genome; Feb 7-9, 2015; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(22 Suppl 1):Abstract nr A1-36.