bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of chronic kidney disease and haemodialysis treatment on pharmacokinetics of nebivolol enantiomers
Authors: Neves Daniel V. , Lanchote Vera L. , Moysés Neto Miguel , Cardeal da Costa José A. , Vieira Carolina P. , Coelho Eduardo B. 
Published: February 2016

AimThe present study evaluated the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of nebivolol enantiomers in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and in patients undergoing haemodialysis.MethodsForty‐three adult patients were distributed into three groups: healthy volunteers and hypertensive patients with normal kidney function (n = 22); patients with stage 3 and 4 CKD (n = 11); and patients with stage 5 CKD undergoing haemodialysis (n = 10). The subjects received a single oral dose of 10 mg racemic nebivolol. Serial blood samples were collected up to 48 h after administration of the drug and heart rate variation was measured over the same interval during the isometric handgrip test. The nebivolol enantiomers in plasma were analysed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry.ResultsThe pharmacokinetics of nebivolol is enantioselective, with a greater plasma proportion of l‐nebivolol. CKD increased the area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) of l‐nebivolol (6.83 ng.h ml–1 vs. 9.94 ng.h ml–1) and d‐nebivolol (4.15 ng.h ml–1 vs. 7.30 ng.h ml–1) when compared with the control group. However, the AUC values of l‐nebivolol (6.41 ng.h ml–1) and d‐nebivolol (4.95 ng.h ml–1) did not differ between the haemodialysis and control groups. The administration of a single dose of 10 mg nebivolol did not alter the heart rate variation induced by isometric exercise in the investigated patients.ConclusionsStage 3 and 4 CKD increases the plasma concentrations of both nebivolol enantiomers, while haemodialysis restores the pharmacokinetic parameters to values similar to those observed in the control group. No significant difference in heart rate variation induced by isometric exercise was observed between the investigated groups after the administration of a single oral dose of 10 mg nebivolol.
A ‘SMART’ way to determine treatment goals in pharmacotherapy education
Authors: Tichelaar Jelle , Uil den Sjoerd H. , Antonini Ninja F. , van Agtmael Michiel A. , de Vries Theo P. G. M. , Richir Milan C. 
Published: February 2016

AimDetermining treatment goals is an important part of the treatment decision‐making process, but medical students are not trained in a structural way on how to define these goals. ‘SMART’ criteria are widely used in non‐medical professions for determining goals and may improve treatment goal setting. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of implementation of SMART criteria on medical students' ability to set treatment goals and to analyze the effects on treatment choice and monitoring.MethodsWe performed a prospective, randomized controlled minimal intervention study with one control and two intervention groups (WHO group and SMART group). Second year medical students had to complete a WHO six step treatment plan for four written case reports of patients with asthma. The treatment plans were assessed using a standard scoring sheet developed by a Delphi procedure among respiratory physicians from all eight university medical centres in the Netherlands.ResultsA total of 251 second year medical students participated. The SMART group had significantly higher scores for setting treatment goals than the WHO and control groups (68.5 % vs. 29.6 % and 30.8 %, respectively, both P < 0.001). The SMART group also had significantly better scores for treatment monitoring than the WHO and control groups (34.2 % vs. 19.3 % and 24.6 %, respectively, both P < 0.001). There were no between group differences in treatment choice. Regardless of the study group, better setting of treatment goals was associated with better treatment monitoring, an association not reported earlier.ConclusionSMART criteria improve the setting of treatment goals and treatment monitoring.
Aesthetic outcome of immediately restored single implants placed in extraction sockets and healed sites of the anterior maxilla: a retrospective study on 103 patients with 3 years of follow‐up
Authors: Mangano Francesco Guido , Mastrangelo Paolo , Luongo Fabrizia , Blay Alberto , Tunchel Samy , Mangano Carlo 
Published: February 2016

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to compare the aesthetic outcome of single implants in extraction sockets and healed ridges of the anterior maxilla by means of the pink aesthetic score/white aesthetic score (PES/WES) index.Materials and methodsThis retrospective study was based on data from 103 patients (43 males, 60 females) aged 24–65 years (mean age 41.4 ± 13.8 years) who had been successfully treated with a single implant in the anterior maxilla, in four different clinical centres. Forty‐two patients (mean age 46.5 ± 15.1 years) were treated with a single implant in a fresh post‐extraction socket (immediate implant treatment, IIT), while 61 patients (mean age 38.0 ± 11.8 years) were treated with a single implant in a healed site (conventional implant treatment, CIT). Two independent calibrated examiners applied the PES/WES index to the 103 single‐tooth restorations, respectively 3 months and 3 years after implant placement.ResultsA few biological (4.8%) and prosthetic (8.7%) complications were reported. Both IIT and CIT yielded satisfactory aesthetic outcomes. At the delivery of the final restoration, a PES/WES score of 16.6 ± 2.6 and 15.7 ± 3.0 was reported for IIT and CIT, respectively: this difference was not statistically significant. A higher decrease in the PES/WES score was observed with CIT over time. At 3 years, a PES/WES score of 16.4 ± 2.8 and 15.2 ± 3.3 was reported for IIT and CIT, respectively: this difference was statistically significant. IIT seemed to yield better aesthetic outcomes in young patients (≤30 years), with implants placed in central incisor/cuspid areas, in the presence of bone contouring.ConclusionsBoth immediate and conventional single‐implant treatment in the anterior maxilla can yield satisfactory aesthetic outcomes, when performed by experienced clinicians in well‐selected cases. Further studies are needed to confirm these results.
Cancer screening in Portugal: sex differences in prevalence, awareness of organized programmes and perception of benefits and adverse effects
Authors: Costa Ana Rute , Silva Susana , Moura‐Ferreira Pedro , Villaverde‐Cabral Manuel , Santos Osvaldo , Carmo Isabel do , Barros Henrique , Lunet Nuno 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundCancer screening has contributed to downward trends in cancer mortality, but is also associated with adverse effects, which highlights the importance of promoting the participation based on informed decisions.ObjectivesWe aimed to describe the use of cancer screening (either in organized programmes or as opportunistic screening), awareness of organized programmes and perception of its potential benefits and adverse effects, depicting possible sex differences.Design and methodsWe evaluated 1624 Portuguese‐speaking dwellers, aged between 16 and 79 years, through face‐to‐face interviews. To quantify sex differences, adjusted prevalence ratios and respective 95% confidence intervals were computed using Poisson regression.ResultsAmong eligible age groups, the lifetime prevalence of screening for breast and cervical cancers was 89.8 and 71.9%, respectively. The prevalence was 23.7% for colorectal cancer and no significant sex differences were observed. Prostate cancer screening was reported by 63.8% of men. Over half of the participants referred that cancers such as prostate, skin, lung and stomach should be screened for, in addition to those for which organized programmes are recommended. Reassurance by negative results was identified as the main potential benefit of screening by nearly one‐third of men and women. Anxiety while waiting for results was the most mentioned potential adverse effect (60.4%); men refer less often this and financial costs, although statistical significance of these results was borderline.ConclusionsThis study provides a benchmark to plan and monitor the effects of awareness‐raising interventions, as well as for international comparisons across countries with different cancer prevention and control structures.
Environmental traits affect chironomid communities in glacial areas of the Southern Alps: evidence from a long‐lasting case study
Authors: Rossaro Bruno , Montagna Matteo , Lencioni Valeria 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

A collection of approximately 100 000 chironomids (Diptera; Chironomidae) inhabiting glacial areas of the Southern Alps that were collected over a period of approximately four decades from 1977 to 2014 were analysed to evaluate the impact of environmental traits on the distribution of chironomid species. Although the list of species has not substantially changed over time, some rare species captured in the 1970s have not been collected in recent years, while other species have only been collected recently.

The recovered correlation between altitude of the sampling sites and the date of collection since the first sampling event emphasises the need, in recent years, to sample at higher altitudes to collect species living near the glacier snout. This result confirms the impact of glacial retreat on chironomid communities.

Temporal trends in diversity were not emphasised throughout the collecting period.

A canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that the influence of glaciers is the ecological trait that is the most robust predictor of the spatial distribution of species. This trait was highly correlated with the first CCA axis. Diamesa steinboecki, Diamesa latitarsis, Diamesa modesta, Diamesa goetghebueri and Diamesa laticauda are species that are known to be restricted to glacial habitats and were correlated with the first axis. The second CCA axis separated Western from Central‐Eastern glaciers, with Diamesa cinerella prevailing in the former.

The threshold indicator taxa analysis, which detects changes in the distribution of taxa along an environmental gradient, confirmed the results of CCA in selecting Diamesa species with the strongest preference for glacial habitats.
High energy expenditure is not protective against increased adiposity in children
Authors: Zinkel S. R. J. , Berkowitz R. I. , Stunkard A. J. , Stallings V. A. , Faith M. , Thomas D , Schoeller D. A. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryBackgroundLow levels of energy expenditure (TEE) may contribute to excess weight during childhood, but limited longitudinal data exist.ObjectivesThis is to test whether low TEE during the first 6 years of life could predict excess weight status at 8 years.MethodsTotal energy expenditure from doubly labelled water, weight, stature, waist circumference and fat mass and fat‐free mass (FFM) in children at 0.25, 2, 4 and 6 years of age. This cohort includes individuals at high (n = 27) and low risk (n = 26) for childhood obesity, based upon whether pre‐pregnant maternal obesity. A linear mixed effects model was fit to TEE. Individual variation was accounted for as a random effect. Residual TEE was calculated for age and individually averaged across time.ResultsFat‐free mass (kg) was highly correlated (R2 = 0.91) with TEE (kcal/day), and waist circumference and sex were also significant predictors of TEE. TEE residual tracked within individuals. TEE residuals did not correlate with either BMI or %fat at age 8 years.ConclusionUsing the residual TEE approach to identify high and low TEE during the first 6 years of life did not explain excess weight at 8 years of life in this cohort of children at high and low risk of obesity based upon maternal obesity status.
Does Bank Diversification Improve Output Growth? Evidence from the Recent Global Crisis
Authors: Mirzaei Ali , Kutan Ali M 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis study examines whether the diversity of activities conducted by the banking sector in the years approaching the recent global financial crisis alleviated the adverse impact of the crisis. Using data for 28 industries in 66 countries, we find that bank diversification has strengthened country resilience to the crisis, as measured by industry growth over the period 2008–2009. However, we find that while both bank‐based and market‐based economies have been affected negatively by the crisis, the contribution of bank diversification in mitigating the real impact of the crisis is pronounced only in bank‐based economies. Overall, our findings suggest that countries with significant bank diversification have also been the most resilient to the recent global crisis.
Health status and quality of life of survivors of extra corporeal membrane oxygenation: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Hsieh Fong‐Tzu , Huang Guey‐Shiun , Ko Wen‐Je , Lou Meei‐Fang 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAimsTo understand the influential factors related to quality of life for adult patients who have undergone extra corporeal membrane oxygenation.BackgroundExtracorporeal membrane oxygenation is an invasive treatment for critically ill patients requiring temporary cardiac or respiratory support. Most studies have focused on survival outcomes for patients; few have evaluated health‐related quality of life.DesignA cross‐sectional design.MethodsData were collected in 2013 from a convenience sample of adult patients who had survived treatment with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation between 2009–2011. Structured questionnaires collected data about health status. The Short Form 36‐item questionnaire measured quality of life.ResultsThe 100 participants averaged 48·95 years of age. Pearson's correlation showed two measures of health status had significant correlations with quality of life: the Barthel Index and the Instrumental Activities of Daily Living; two measures had significant negative correlations: Charlson's Comorbidity Index and the Nottingham Health Profile‐part II. Mean scores for the physical and mental component summaries of the Short Form‐36 questionnaire were 49·25 and 48·13 respectively. These component scores had significant negative correlations with the Nottingham health profile‐part II. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis indicated the number of life areas affected on the Nottingham health profile‐part II was a common factor influencing both the mental and physical component summaries scores for quality of life.ConclusionsSocial participation was a common factor influencing quality of life. Examining health status and quality of life of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation survivors can help nurses determine interventions for effectively improving health‐related quality of life.
Rape Myths and Domestic Abuse Myths as Hermeneutical Injustices
Authors: Jenkins Katharine 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis article argues that rape myths and domestic abuse myths constitute hermeneutical injustices. Drawing on empirical research, I show that the prevalence of these myths makes victims of rape and of domestic abuse less likely to apply those terms to their experiences. Using Sally Haslanger's distinction between manifest and operative concepts, I argue that in these cases, myths mean that victims hold a problematic operative concept, or working understanding, which prevents them from identifying their experience as one of rape or of domestic abuse. Since victims in this situation lack the conceptual resources needed to render their experience sufficiently intelligible, they are suffering a form of hermeneutical injustice. Attending to this distinctive case sheds new light not only on the functioning of social myths of this kind but on the nature of hermeneutical injustice itself, since the case of the victim who accepts myths is importantly different from other cases of hermeneutical injustice discussed in the literature to date. In practical terms, this analysis supports calls for juries in rape trials to be warned about rape myths at the start of the trial, and may have implications for calls for statutory Sex and Relationships Education in schools.
QUALITY OF LIFE OF KIDNEY DONORS RESIDING IN KATHMANDU VALLEY
Authors: Shakya Dayana , K.C. Takma 
Published: February 2016

SUMMARYBackgroundTransplantation is evolving as an efficient treatment modality in Nepal for the rising cases of kidney failure. As living donors are healthy people donating their organ for the benefit of the recipient, it is imperative to ensure their safety.ObjectivesTo assess the quality of life (QOL) of kidney donors and to compare it with healthy references.MethodologyCross‐sectional, comparative design was used to find out the QOL of 59 donors and 59 healthy references. Convenience sampling was used to approach donors and eligible donors were interviewed at their residences. These were compared with age‐ and sex‐matched references. QOL was assessed using SF36v2.ResultMale, educated and employed donors were found to have better QOL than their counterparts. The comparison of donors and references showed better scores in the donors’ QOL with significant differences in general health, mental health and mental component score.ConclusionThis study concludes that living kidney donation does not impair the QOL of the donors but in turn may improve their mental health. Hence, this study supports the practice of living‐related kidney transplantation.ImplicationsBesides providing baseline data about donors in Nepal, this study may guide health professionals in counselling potential donors and assisting patients and their families to make informed decisions regarding transplant. It can assist health care planners in making policies concerning transplant.
Circuitist and Keynesian Approaches to Money: A Reconciliation?
Authors: Sardoni Claudio 
Published: February 2016

AbstractKeynesian monetary theory focuses on money as a store of value, seen as a defence against uncertainty. Circuitist economists emphasize the role of money as means of payment and downplay its function of store of value. The paper, by drawing on Hicks's and Kaldor's contributions, suggests an approach in which the fundamental functions of money are those of unit of account and means of payment. The function of money as store of value is regarded as marginal, because in economies with well‐developed financial markets it can be played by other assets as liquid and risk‐less as money. The demand for liquidity as a defence against uncertainty is kept distinct from the demand for money. This approach to money makes it easier to develop a framework in which the Keynesian and circuitist approaches can be reconciled and co‐exist.
An interdomain network: the endobacterium of a mycorrhizal fungus promotes antioxidative responses in both fungal and plant hosts
Authors: Vannini Candida , Carpentieri Andrea , Salvioli Alessandra , Novero Mara , Marsoni Milena , Testa Lorenzo , de Pinto Maria Concetta , Amoresano Angela , Ortolani Francesca , Bracale Marcella , Bonfante Paola 
Published: February 2016

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are obligate plant biotrophs that may contain endobacteria in their cytoplasm. Genome sequencing of Candidatus Glomeribacter gigasporarum revealed a reduced genome and dependence on the fungal host.

RNA‐seq analysis of the AMF Gigaspora margarita in the presence and absence of the endobacterium indicated that endobacteria have an important role in the fungal pre‐symbiotic phase by enhancing fungal bioenergetic capacity. To improve the understanding of fungal–endobacterial interactions, iTRAQ (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification) quantitative proteomics was used to identify differentially expressed proteins in G. margarita germinating spores with endobacteria (B+), without endobacteria in the cured line (B−) and after application of the synthetic strigolactone GR24.

Proteomic, transcriptomic and biochemical data identified several fungal and bacterial proteins involved in interspecies interactions. Endobacteria influenced fungal growth, calcium signalling and metabolism. The greatest effects were on fungal primary metabolism and respiration, which was 50% higher in B+ than in B−. A shift towards pentose phosphate metabolism was detected in B−. Quantification of carbonylated proteins indicated that the B− line had higher oxidative stress levels, which were also observed in two host plants.

This study shows that endobacteria generate a complex interdomain network that affects AMF and fungal–plant interactions.
Obesity prevention at the point of purchase
Authors: Cohen D. A. , Lesser L. I. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryThe point of purchase is when people may make poor and impulsive decisions about what and how much to buy and consume. Because point of purchase strategies frequently work through non‐cognitive processes, people are often unable to recognize and resist them. Because people lack insight into how marketing practices interfere with their ability to routinely eat healthy, balanced diets, public health entities should protect consumers from potentially harmful point of purchase strategies. We describe four point of purchase policy options including standardized portion sizes; standards for meals that are sold as a bundle, e.g. ‘combo meals’; placement and marketing restrictions on highly processed low‐nutrient foods; and explicit warning labels. Adoption of such policies could contribute significantly to the prevention of obesity and diet‐related chronic diseases. We also discuss how the policies could be implemented, along with who might favour or oppose them. Many of the policies can be implemented locally, while preserving consumer choice. © 2016 World Obesity
Social Policy Change: Work–family Tensions in Sweden, Australia and Canada
Authors: Mahon Rianne , Bergqvist Christina , Brennan Deborah 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe rise of the adult worker family norm across countries of the Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development has created challenges for reconciling work and family life as the unpaid work of the female caregiver can no longer be assumed. The article compares childcare arrangements and maternity/parental leave programmes in Sweden, Australia and Canada that attempt to address these challenges. Sweden was an early innovator, establishing the ‘gold standard’ for such arrangements in the form of publicly funded, universally accessible, centre‐based childcare and generously paid parental leave, including a ‘daddy quota’. Yet policy development remains open to contestation and change even here. Australia and Canada have shown a preference for market‐based solutions although each has taken steps towards Swedish style solutions. In particular, Canadian federalism has left space for such experiments at the provincial scale. The broader institutional arrangements embedded in each country have helped to shape the responses. Yet political contestation, enlivened by the transnational flow of ideas (and ideals), has played an important role in shaping the direction and velocity of change. In the first section we develop this argument, beginning with reflections on how to identify the significance of changes, then moving on to explore the role of institutions, actors and ideas in accounting for these developments. Subsequent sections examine developments first in Sweden then Australia and Canada.