bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prison Nursing: Formation of a Stable Professional Identity
Authors: Choudhry Khurshid , Armstrong David , Dregan Alexandru 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

Aim:
The aim of this study was to analyze how working within prison environments can influence the self-identity and professional identity of nurses.

Background:
The prison environment can be a difficult environment for nurses to deliver care within, with nurses having to carry out activities that seem to go against their professional role, while at the same time providing care to prisoners who have greater health needs than the general population. There is a lack of theoretical consideration of how prison nurses carry out their role in the face of such challenges.

Method:
This study used a review of literature published over the last 11 years exploring nurses’ beliefs, thoughts, and feelings toward delivering care within prison environment.

Implications for Forensic Nursing:
With time, nurses working within prison environments develop specific skills to be able to deliver appropriate care to their patients. These skills include adapting to both the prison environment and the prison culture. Ultimately, adaptations lead to a change in identity allowing nurses to work effectively within prison.

Conclusion:
Providers of prison healthcare should ensure that induction (orientation) processes for new nurses are designed to address specific challenges that nurses face including the potential for cognitive dissonance. They should ensure that nurses receive training to develop and acquire the skills highlighted in this review. Ensuring that this training is in place may increase nurse retention.
Changes in Residual Limb Anthropometrics and Lift, Carry, and Timed Walking Performance in Men with Transtibial Amputation due to Trauma
Authors: Dionne Carol P. , Crawford Derek A. , Day Jonathan D. , Ertl William J.J. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Despite advances in prosthetic management and rehabilitation, otherwise healthy men with transtibial amputation (TTA) risk residuum injury during work-related activity (WRA) performance. Little is known about WRAs, perceived exertion, or residuum anthropometric changes over time in this cohort. This information may help direct longer-term considerations for those with TTA within the workforce.

Materials and Methods
In this preliminary study, investigators prospectively examined and compared WRA performance (floor-to-knuckle lift, 25-ft carry, self-paced, and brisk 2-minute walk tests [2MWT]), gait asymmetry (differences in step length, stride length, and cadence), report of perceived exertion (RPE), and residuum anthropometrics (length, girths) in otherwise healthy men with TTA at least 6 months after rehabilitation, during two visits, 12 months apart.

Results
Twenty-one participants showed little difference between visits in residuum anthropometrics or in distances walked (self-paced, brisk 2MWT; p > 0.05). All had received rehabilitation varying from time of surgery and beyond initial receipt of prosthesis (n = 8; 38%) to only upon receipt of the initial prosthesis (n = 13; 62%). However, participants reported greater exertion at visit 2 during the brisk 2MWT (0.9 RPE difference; p = 0.034) but lifted 40.4 lb more at visit 2 than at the initial visit (p = 0.034). There was a progressively larger cadence difference from visit 1 to visit 2 (increased asymmetry) during the timed self-paced walk test (p = 0.026).

Conclusions
Regardless of improved lift capacity or residuum anthropometric stability, this healthy male cohort with TTA demonstrated progressively worsened cadence asymmetry during self-paced 2MWT and reported increased exertion during brisk-paced 2MWT. Otherwise healthy working-age men with TTA may require continual intervention to minimize cadence asymmetry and perceived exertion, potentially reducing residuum injury risk.
Orchestration of late events in erythropoiesis by KLF1/EKLF
Authors: Gnanapragasam Merlin Nithya , Bieker James J. 
Published: February 2017

Purpose of review
Transcriptional regulators provide the molecular and biochemical basis for the cell specific properties and characteristics that follow from their central role in establishing tissue-restricted expression. Precise and sequential control of terminal cell divisions, nuclear condensation, and enucleation are defining characteristics within erythropoietic differentiation. This review is focused on KLF1, a central global regulator of this process.

Recent findings
Studies in the past year have brought a number of proteins that are targets of KLF1 regulation into focus with respect to their roles in terminal erythroid differentiation. Many of these are involved in fine control of the cell cycle at both early (E2F2, Cyclin A2) and later (p18, p27, p19) stages of differentiation, or are directly involved in enucleation (p18, p27). Dramatic biophysical changes controlled at the nuclear lamin by caspase 3 enable histone release and nuclear condensation, whereas dematin association with structural proteins alters the timing of enucleation. Conditional ablation of mDia2 has established its role in late stage cell cycle and enucleation.

Summary
Transcription factors such as KLF1, along with epigenetic modifiers, play crucial roles in establishing the proper onset and progression of terminal differentiation events. Studies from the past year show a remarkable multifaceted convergence on cell cycle control, and establish that the orthochromatic erythroblast stage is a critical nodal point for many of the effects on enucleation. These studies are relevant to understanding the underlying causes of anemia and hematologic disease where defective enucleation predicts a poor clinical outcome.
Positive Association Between Nightmares and Heart Rate Response to Loud Tones
Authors: Tanev Kaloyan S. , Orr Scott P. , Pace-Schott Edward F. , Griffin Michael , Pitman Roger K. , Resick Patricia A. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Seventy-three women with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) resulting from rape or physical assault participated in a loud-tone procedure, while skin conductance (SC), heart rate, and electromyogram responses were recorded. Pearson correlations were examined between each psychophysiological response and Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) symptom scores. Significant correlations were adjusted for each remaining individual PTSD symptom score. Heart rate response (HRR) significantly correlated with CAPS total score and with CAPS nightmares. The relationship between HRR and nightmares remained significant after controlling for each of the other 16 individual PTSD symptoms, for the remaining reexperiencing cluster, and for CAPS total score. The zero-order correlations between SC response and nightmares and between electromyography response and nightmares were both not significant. The association of nightmares with larger HRR in the absence of an association with larger SC response likely reflects reduced parasympathetic tone. Thus, our findings indirectly support a role for reduced parasympathetic tone in PTSD nightmares.
Sex Differences in Psychiatric Hospitalizations of Individuals With Psychotic Disorders
Authors: Shlomi Polachek Inbal , Manor Adi , Baumfeld Yael , Bagadia Ashlesha , Polachek Ari , Strous Rael D. , Dolev Zipora 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the association between sex and hospitalization characteristics in psychotic disorders. We identified all acute hospitalizations, between 2010 and 2013, for psychotic disorders in patients younger than 45 and older than 55 years (n = 5411) in the hospital's database. In addition, we identified patients who were prescribed with intramuscular risperidone (n = 280) or clozapine (n = 192) at discharge. The results showed that women younger than 45 years had lower proportions of hospitalizations (33.52% vs. 66.47%) and involuntary hospitalizations (33.85% vs. 45.55%) than did men in the same age group. Women older than 55 years had higher proportions of hospitalizations (57.22% vs. 42.77%) and similar proportion of involuntary hospitalizations. Women younger than 45 years were prescribed similar doses of intramuscular risperidone and lower doses of clozapine (345.8 vs. 380.2 mg) and women older than 55 years were prescribed higher doses of intramuscular risperidone (44.8 vs. 34.4 mg/2 weeks) and clozapine (164.32 vs. 154.5 mg) than were men in the same age group. Women in the reproductive years have better hospitalization characteristics than do men on these measures.
Social Influences on Prevotella and the Gut Microbiome of Young Monkeys
Authors: Amaral Wellington Z. , Lubach Gabriele R. , Proctor Alexandra , Lyte Mark , Phillips Gregory J. , Coe Christopher L. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

Objective
Our aim was to evaluate the bacterial profiles of young monkeys as they were weaned into peer groups with a particular focus on Prevotella, an important taxon in both human and nonhuman primates. The weaning of infants and increased social contact with peers is a developmental stage that is likely to affect the gut microbiome.

Methods
Gut bacteria were assessed in 63 rhesus monkeys living in social groups comprised of 4 to 7 individuals. Two groups were assessed prospectively on day 1 and 2 weeks after rehousing away from the mother and group formation. Ten additional groups were assessed at 2 weeks after group establishment. Fecal genomic DNA was extracted and 16S ribosomal RNA sequenced by Illumina MiSeq (5 social groups) and 454-amplicon pyrosequencing (7 social groups).

Results
Combining weaned infants into small social groups led to a microbial convergence by 2 weeks (p < .001). Diversity analyses indicated more similar community structure within peer groups than across groups (p < .01). Prevotella was the predominant taxon, and its abundance differed markedly across individuals. Indices of richness, microbial profiles, and less abundant taxa were all associated with the Prevotella levels. Functional Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses suggested corresponding shifts in metabolic pathways.

Conclusions
The formation of small groups of young rhesus monkeys was associated with significant shifts in the gut microbiota. The profiles were closely associated with the abundance of Prevotella, a predominant taxon in the rhesus monkey gut. Changes in the structure of the gut microbiome are likely to induce differences in metabolic and physiologic functioning.
Genetic and Environmental Influences on Sleep, Pain, and Depression Symptoms in a Community Sample of Twins
Authors: Gasperi Marianna , Herbert Matthew , Schur Ellen , Buchwald Dedra , Afari Niloofar 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

Objective
We used quantitative genetic methods to evaluate whether sleep quality, pain, and depression symptoms share a common genetic diathesis, to estimate the genetic and environmental sources of covariance among these symptoms, and to test for possible causal relationships.

Methods
A community sample of 400 twins from the University of Washington Twin Registry completed standardized self-report questionnaires. We used biometric modeling to assess genetic and environmental contribution to the association between sleep quality measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, pain measured by the Brief Pain Inventory, and depression symptoms measured by the Brief Symptom Inventory. Trivariate Cholesky structural equation models were used to decompose correlations among the phenotypes.

Results
Heritability was estimated at 37% (95% confidence interval = 20%–51%) for sleep quality, 25% (9%–41%) for pain, and 39% (22%–53%) for depression. Nonshared environmental influences accounted for the remaining variance. The genetic correlation between sleep quality and pain had an r
g value of .69 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.33–0.97), r
g value of .56 (95% CI = 0.55–0.98) between pain and depression, and r
g value of .61 (95% CI = 0.44–0.88) between depression and sleep quality. Nonshared environmental overlap was present between pain and sleep quality as well as depression and sleep quality.

Conclusions
The link between sleep quality, pain, and depression was primarily explained by shared genetic influences. The genetic factors influencing sleep quality and pain were highly correlated even when accounting for depression. Findings support the hypothesis of a genetic link between depression and pain as well as potential causality for the association of sleep quality with pain and depression.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Data Behind Current Recommendations for Corticosteroids in Non–HIV-Related PCP: Knowing When You Are on Shaky Foundations
Authors: Injean Patil , Eells Samantha J. , Wu Hoover , McElroy Imani , Gregson Aric L. , McKinnell James A. 
Published: February 2017

Background
Randomized trials show a mortality benefit to adjunctive corticosteroids for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (HIV-PCP). Guidelines for non-HIV PCP (NH-PCP) recommend adjunctive corticosteroids based on expert opinion. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis characterizing adjunctive corticosteroids for NH-PCP.

Methods
We searched MEDLINE from 1966 through 2015. Data on clinical outcomes from NH-PCP were extracted with a standardized instrument. Heterogeneity was assessed with the I2 index. Pooled odds ratios and 95% confidence interval were calculated using a fixed effects model.

Results
Our search yielded 5044 abstracts, 277 articles were chosen for full review, and 6 articles described outcomes in moderate to severe NH-PCP. Studies were limited by variable definitions, treatment selection bias, concomitant infections and small sample size. Individual studies reported shorter intensive care unit stay and duration of mechanical ventilation of patients given adjunctive corticosteroids. There was no association between corticosteroids and survival in NH-PCP (odds ratio, 0.66; 95% confidence interval, 0.38-1.15; P = 0.14).

Conclusions
The literature does not support an association between adjunctive corticosteroids and survival from NH-PCP but data are limited and findings should not be considered conclusive. Further research with improved methodology is needed to better understand the role of adjunctive corticosteroids for NH-PCP.
Tocilizumab (Anti-IL-6R) Suppressed TNFα Production by Human Monocytes in an In Vitro Model of Anti-HLA Antibody-Induced Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity
Authors: Shin Bong-Ha , Ge Shili , Mirocha James , Jordan Stanley C. , Toyoda Mieko 
Published: February 2017

Background
We previously demonstrated that natural killer (NK) cells activated via FcγRIIIa (CD16) interactions with anti-HLA antibodies binding to peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in the in vitro antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) assay produced IFNγ. Here we investigate if other CD16 bearing cells are responsive to alloantigen via alloantibody in the in vitro ADCC and if the ADCC-induced cytokine reactions and cytotoxicity can be modified by the anti-interleukin 6 receptor (IL-6R) monoclonal antibody, Tocilizumab (TCZ).

Methods
Whole blood from a normal individual was incubated overnight with irradiated allo-PBMCs pretreated with anti-HLA antibody positive (in vitro ADCC) or negative sera (mixed lymphocyte reaction [MLR]), with or without TCZ or control IgG. IFNγ+, TNFα+ or IL-6+ cell% in NK cells, monocytes and CD8+ T cells were enumerated by cytokine flow cytometry. ADCC using PBMCs (effector) and Farage B cells (FB, target) with anti-HLA antibody positive sera, with or without TCZ, was measured by flow cytometry.

Results
IFNγ+ and/or TNFα+ cell% in NK cells, monocytes and CD8+ T cells were elevated in the ADCC compared to the MLR condition. IL-6+ cells were significantly increased in ADCC versus MLR (10.2 ± 4.8% vs 2.7 ± 1.5%, P = 0.0003), but only in monocytes. TCZ treatment significantly reduced TNFα+ cell% in monocytes in ADCC, but had no effect on other cytokine+ cells. TCZ showed no effect on cytotoxicity in ADCC.

Conclusions
IFNγ, TNFα, and IL-6 production induced by HLA antibody-mediated CD16 bearing cell activation in NK cells, monocytes, and CD8+ T cells suggests a potential role for ADCC and these inflammatory cytokines in mediation of antibody-mediated rejection. TCZ suppressed TNFα production in monocytes in the ADCC condition, suggesting a role of IL-6/IL-6R pathway in monocytes activation. Inhibition of this pathway could reduce the inflammatory cascade induced by alloantibody, although the inhibitory effect on cytotoxicity is minimal.
Improving cognitive outcomes for pediatric stroke
Authors: Greenham Mardee , Anderson Vicki , Mackay Mark T. 
Published: February 2017

Purpose of review
The past 20 years have seen a 35% increase in prevalence of pediatric stroke. Contrary to widely held views, children do not recover better than adults. This review explores the impact of pediatric stroke on cognitive domains, including intellectual and executive functions, memory and behavior, and the influence of age, lesion characteristics, and comorbidities on outcome.

Recent findings
Cognitive problems occur in up to half of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke survivors. Single-center studies have shown intelligence quotient scores skewed to the lower end of the average range, with greater impairment in performance than verbal domains. Executive function, such as attention and processing speed are particularly vulnerable to the effects of pediatric stroke. Age at stroke, larger infarct size, cortical/subcortical lesion location, epilepsy, and comorbid physical deficits are associated with poorer cognitive outcomes.

Summary
Cognitive impairment occurs relatively frequently following pediatric stroke but the nature, severity, and predictors of specific deficits are not well defined. Improving understanding of outcomes following pediatric stroke is a key priority for families but a paucity of data limits the ability to develop targeted disease, and age-specific pediatric rehabilitation strategies to optimize cognitive outcomes following pediatric stroke.
Depression in epilepsy
Authors: Mula Marco 
Published: February 2017

Purpose of reviewTo review some aspects of the relationship between epilepsy and depression that have recently received increasing attention and may become major research topics in the near future.Recent findingsEpidemiological studies show that depression and suicide are, in some cases, premorbid symptoms preceding the onset of the epilepsy. Suicide is also three times more frequent in epilepsy than in the general population. Reliable screening instruments for depression and suicidality in patients with epilepsy are now available but data from real life clinical settings are needed to develop shared clinical pathways between neurology and psychiatry. Data in children with epilepsy are still limited although it is well known that, outside epilepsy, almost 50% of adult patients with mood and anxiety disorders have a previous history during childhood. Despite increasing attention to the problem, the additional stigma associated with mental health problems still represents one of the major barriers to prompt diagnosis and treatment.SummaryNew studies will focus on the development of shared clinical pathways between neurology and psychiatry for mood disorders and suicide prevention. New global campaigns on the double stigma will support this process in areas where psychiatric comorbidities are still underdiagnosed and undertreated.
Novel methods of isolation and amplification of progenitor cells applied to avian primordial germ cells
Authors: Lopez-Diaz Mariacruz 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe progenitor cells in adult tissues are scarce and have a great regenerative potential. In this study novel methods were used to improve the isolation and culture of the chicken primordial germ cells (PGCs) from stage X and HH 8-9 embryos. The cellular size and external glycoprotein envelope were the two criteria studied and used.ResultsPGCs were segregated with high efficiency and purity, from stage X and HH 8-9 gross cell suspensions through cell strainers with 10 μm of pore size. In embryosin toto, WGAAlexa 594 (affinity for N-acetylglucosamine) andCon AAlexa 488 (binding D-mannosyl) were used to characterize external polysaccharides of the PGCs. The PGCs in stage X embryos (zone pellucida), have predominately Nacetylglucosamine and later on, in HH 8-9 embryos (cephalic zone), α-D mannosyl residues, in a specific manner. In coated plates with the appropriate lectin and in alkaline conditions, isolated cells from stage X and HH 8-9 embryos formed numerous clumped PGC-LCs with spherical shape “germspheres”. In all isolates from single embryo, immunohistochemistry confirmed that they were PGCs and revealed that the “germspheres” were formed by hundreds of positive cells toVASAandSSEA-1. N-acethyl D+glucosamine supplementation to the culture media greatly enhances the amplification of isolated PGC-LCs.ConclusionsThese gentle and quick strategies with high yields of PGCs can be potentially useful for many progenitor cells in Regenerative Medicine.
Versatile Multicolor Nanodiamond Probes for Intracellular Imaging and Targeted Labeling
Authors: Bray Kerem , Cheung Leonard , Aharonovich Igor , Valenzuela Stella M. , Shimoni Olga 
Published: February 2017

AbstractDiamond nanoparticles that host bright luminescent centers are attracting attention for applications in bio-labeling and bio-sensing. Beyond their unsurpassed photostability, diamond can host multiple color centers, from the blue to the near infra-red spectral range. While nanodiamonds hosting nitrogen vacancy defects have been widely employed as bio-imaging probes, production and fabrication of nanodiamonds with other color centers is a challenge. In this work, a large scale production of fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) containing a near infrared (NIR) color center – namely the silicon vacancy (SiV) defect, is reported. More importantly, a concept of application of different color centers for multi-color bio-imaging to investigate intercellular processes is demonstrated. Furthermore, two types of FNDs within cells can be easily resolved by their specific spectral properties, where data shows that SiV FNDs initially dispersed throughout the cell interior while NV FNDs localized in a close proximity to nucleus. The reported results are the first demonstration of multi-color labeling with FNDs that can pave the way for the wide-ranging use of FNDs in applications, including bio-sensing, bio-imaging and drug delivery applications.