bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Emerging Role of the Chief Research Informatics Officer in Academic Health Centers
Authors: Mosa Abu S. M. , Fultz-Hollis Kate , Tachinardi Umberto , Barnett William K. , Embi Peter J. , Sanchez-Pinto L. Nelson 
Published: August 2017

Summary
Background: The role of the Chief Research Informatics Officer (CRIO) is emerging in academic health centers to address the challenges clinical researchers face in the increasingly digitalized, data-intensive healthcare system. Most current CRIOs are the first officers in their institutions to hold that role. To date there is very little published information about this role and the individuals who serve it.
Objective: To increase our understanding of the CRIO role, the leaders who serve it, and the factors associated with their success in their organizations.
Methods: The Clinical Research Informatics Working Group of the American Medical Informatics Association (AMIA) conducted a national survey of CRIOs in the United States and convened an expert panel of CRIOs to discuss their experience during the 2016 AMIA Annual Symposium.
Results: CRIOs come from diverse academic backgrounds. Most have advance training and extensive experience in biomedical informatics but the majority have been CRIOs for less than three years. CRIOs identify funding, data governance, and advancing data analytics as their major challenges.
Conclusion: CRIOs play an important role in helping shape the future of clinical research, innovation, and data analytics in healthcare in their organizations. They share many of the same challenges and see the same opportunities for the future of the field. Better understanding the background and experience of current CRIOs can help define and develop the role in other organizations and enhance their influence in the field of research informatics.Citation: Sanchez-Pinto LN, Mosa ASM, Fultz-Hollis K, Tachinardi U, Barnett WK, Embi PJ. The Emerging Role of the Chief Research Informatics Officer in Academic Health Centers. Appl Clin Inform 2017; 8: 845–853 https://doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2017-04-RA-0062
Over waargenomen onrechtvaardigheid en radicalisering
Authors: Bal M. , van den Bos K. 
Published: August 2017

On perceived justice and radicalization
The authors propose that perceptions of injustice play a central role in radicalization toward violent extremism and terrorism. Perceptions of unfair disadvantage in comparison with other groups (horizontal deprivation) or by societal authorities (vertical deprivation) will elicit strong emotional and behavioral reactions. In combination with feelings of personal uncertainty and a lack of cognitive capacities to control justice-related emotions, this increases the pull and attraction of radical ideologies. Furthermore, when people join a radical organization, a vicious circle of identification with and justification of radical ideology and illegitimization and rejection of the status quo follow, possibly resulting in the justification of violence to achieve social change. Injustice perceptions are difficult to change, but a better understanding of the basic processes involved allows for the development of prevention and deradicalization programs, which should focus on full and just societal integration of groups and individuals that have a high potential to radicalize.
De Nederlandse jihadist
Authors: Bakker E. 
Published: August 2017

The Dutch jihadist. Types and roles within the jihadist scene
In the past few years, about three hundred Dutch Muslims travelled to Syria and Iraq to join the violent jihad. This article explores the phenomenon by looking into the individual characteristics and processes of these Dutch jihadis. It presents the findings of a study of the life stories of twelve of them, showing the diversity of the group. It also looks into types of jihadists and their roles in the jihadist scene using categories provided by Maher and Bjørgo. The article arrives at the somewhat unsatisfactory conclusion that there is no standard Dutch jihadist and that we need to study more individual cases and better understand what is going on within the jihadist scene in order to be able to stop people from following the path towards the violent jihad.
Sharia4Belgium en de verburgerlijking van de provocatie
Authors: Verkaaik O. 
Published: August 2017

Sharia4Belgium and the embourgeoisement of provocation
In their book on Sharia4Belgium, an organization that during its short existence from 2010 to 2012 criticized what it perceived as anti-Muslim discourse and promoted the introduction of the sharia in Belgium, the authors Pim Aarns and Ineke Roex focus on the use of political humor by the spokespersons of the organization. They offer a nuanced interpretation of the political humor in a large number of online videos, distinguishing between, among other things, the ridicule of right-wing nativist opponents, a ludic critique of sexual mores, and the mockery of other Muslims who do not accept the group’s version of Islam. The focus on humor is refreshing, because in today’s liberal, secular democracy devout believers, and fundamentalist Muslims in particular, are often believed to be lacking a sense of humor. Although failing to offer a broader analysis of political humor in current political discourse, the book successfully shows that radical religious ideology and political humor are not mutually exclusive.
L’éthique hacker, un modèle éthique du numérique pour l’éducation?
Authors: Plante Patrick 
Published: August 2017

Il existe bien une éthique appliquée (Rosati, 2012) au numérique en éducation, du respect du droit d’auteur à la cyberintimidation en passant par la nétiquette. Mais qu’en est-il d’une éthique émergente du numérique, avec de nouvelles formes d’action issues de ce contexte particulier? Pour répondre à la question, nous proposons de cerner, chez le personnage duhacker, cet acteur incontournable du numérique, des orientations éthiques et des formes d’action qui, tout en respectant les finalités de l’éducation, changeraient le rapport à la technologie. L’action deshackersconsisterait en partie à comprendre et à modifier ce que Feenberg (2013) nomme les codes de la technologie, qui sont composés de fonctions et de significations. Coder, décoder et recoder la technologie avec une visée éthique promouvant la richesse de l’existence pour soi et pour les autres est à la base de trois propositions pouvant participer à l’émergence d’une éthique du numérique en éducation, à savoir : la présence d’hackerspaces dans les écoles, l’apprentissage du code informatique et l’émergence d’une éducation aux codes de la technologie.
Femmes leaders du secteur communautaire : leur engagement et leur contribution au changement social
Authors: Savoie Lise , Pelland Marie-Andrée , Albert Hélène , Lanteigne Isabel 
Published: August 2017

L’article porte sur les résultats d’une recherche visant à comprendre la trajectoire d’engagement de femmes qui occupent un poste de leader rémunéré dans le secteur communautaire à but non lucratif au Nouveau-Brunswick. Ces militantes ont relaté leurs motifs d’engagement et le sens qu’elles y accordent. Elles qui s’engagent dans la défense des droits des populations vulnérables, dans une perspective de justice et de changement social — le moteur de leur engagement — sont elles-mêmes en position d’iniquité. Cet engagement dans l’amélioration des conditions de vie des personnes contribue à la cohésion sociale dans un contexte où l’État social s’effrite. Ainsi, l’engagement des femmes dans ce secteur relève de la justice sociale pour reconstruire un monde plus équitable. Il s’agit d’un double défi : redonner du pouvoir d’agir aux populations vulnérabilisées tout en reconnaissant de manière équitable la contribution de ces femmes leaders dans le secteur communautaire tant au plan social qu’économique.
Reconstructing the past climate at Gale crater, Mars, from hydrological modeling of late‐stage lakes
Authors: Horvath David G. , Andrews‐Hanna Jeffrey C. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe sedimentary deposits in Gale crater may preserve one of the best records of the early Martian climate during the Late Noachian and Early Hesperian. Surface and orbital observations support the presence of two periods of lake stability in Gale crater—prior to the formation of the sedimentary mound during the Late Noachian and after the formation and erosion of the mound to its present state in the Early Hesperian. Here we use hydrological models and late‐stage lake levels at Gale, to reconstruct the climate of Mars after mound formation and erosion to its present state. Using Earth analog climates, we show that the late‐stage lakes require wetter interludes characterized by semiarid climates after the transition to arid conditions in the Hesperian. These climates are much wetter than is thought to characterize much of the Hesperian and are more similar to estimates of the Late Noachian climate.
Slow slip events and the 2016 Te AraroaMw7.1 earthquake interaction: Northern Hikurangi subduction, New Zealand
Authors: Koulali A. , McClusky S. , Wallace L. , Allgeyer S. , Tregoning P. , D'Anastasio E. , Benavente R. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractFollowing a sequence of three Slow Slip Events (SSEs) on the northern Hikurangi Margin, between June 2015 and August 2016, aMw7.1 earthquake struck ~30 km offshore of the East Cape region in the North Island of New Zealand on the 2 September 2016 (NZ local time). The earthquake was also followed by a transient deformation event (SSE or afterslip) northeast of the North Island, closer to the earthquake source area. We use data from New Zealand's continuous Global Positioning System networks to invert for the SSE slip distribution and evolution on the Hikurangi subduction interface. Our slip inversion results show an increasing amplitude of the slow slip toward the Te Araroa earthquake foreshock and main shock area, suggesting a possible triggering of theMw7.1 earthquake by the later stage of the slow slip sequence. We also show that the transient deformation following the Te Araroa earthquake ruptured a portion of the Hikurangi Trench northeast of the North Island, farther north than any previously observed Hikurangi margin SSEs. Our slip inversion and the coulomb stress calculation suggest that this transient may have been induced as a response to the increase in the static coulomb stress change downdip of the rupture plane on the megathrust. These observations show the importance of considering the interaction between slow slip events, seismic, and aseismic events, not only on the same megathrust interface but also on faults within the surrounding crust.
Live Cell Imaging Using Photoswitchable Diarylethene‐Doped Fluorescent Polymer Dots
Authors: Osakada Yasuko , Fukaminato Tuyoshi , Ichinose Yuma , Fujitsuka Mamoru , Harada Yoshie , Majima Tetsuro 
Published: August 2017

AbstractFluorescence photoswitching using nanomaterials has recently emerged as a promising approach for the imaging of biological targets. However, despite intensive research efforts during the last decade, practical microscopy of biological targets using photoswitchable nanoparticles in real time remains challenging. To address this problem, we have developed live macrophage cell imaging and single particle imaging methods, using photoswitchable fluorescent diarylethene‐doped polymer nanoparticles (P‐dots) under Xe lamp irradiation. We established a 34‐times prolonged “off‐state”, using P‐dots doped with a diarylethene‐containing methoxy substituent, upon visible‐light irradiation using a Xe lamp and a green fluorescent protein filter cube. To demonstrate the practicality of doped P‐dots imaging, we imaged lysosomes in macrophage cells, and observed 11‐times slower recovery of the fluorescence from the “off‐state” to the “on‐state”, indicating their potential for cellular imaging.
Design of transverse reinforcement to avoid premature buckling of main bars
Authors: Dhakal Rajesh Prasad , Su Junsheng 
Published: August 2017

SummaryThis paper proposes an enhancement to the current strength and confinement‐based design of transverse reinforcement in rectangular and circular reinforced concrete members to ensure that the flexural strength of reinforced concrete sections does not degrade excessively due to buckling of longitudinal bars until the desired level of plastic deformation is achieved. Antibuckling design criteria are developed based on a popular bar buckling model that uses a bar buckling parameter (combining the bar diameter, yield strength, and buckling length) to solely describe the bar buckling behavior. The value of buckling parameter that limits the buckling‐induced stress loss to 15% in compression bars at the strain corresponding to the design ductility is determined. For a bar of known diameter and yield strength, the maximum allowable buckling length can then be determined, which serves as the maximum limit for the tie/stirrup/hoop spacing. Lateral stiffness required to restrain the buckling tendency of main bars at the locations of the ties/stirrups/hoops depends on the flexural rigidity of the main bars and the buckling length (equal to or multiple of tie/hoop/stirrup spacing), whereas the antibuckling stiffness (ie, resistance) provided by the ties/stirrups/hoops depends on their size, number, and arrangement. Using the above concept, design recommendations for the amount, arrangement, and spacing of rectangular and circular ties/stirrups/hoops are then established to ensure that the antibuckling stiffness of the provided transverse reinforcement is greater than the stiffness required to restrain the buckling‐prone main bars. Key aspects of the developed method are verified using experimental tests from literature.
Current and potential pharmacological and psychosocial interventions for anxiety symptoms and disorders in patients with schizophrenia: structured review
Authors: Howells Fleur M. , Kingdon David G. , Baldwin David S. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectiveBetween 30% and 62% of patients with schizophrenia present with co‐morbid anxiety disorders that are associated with increased overall burden. Our aim was to summarize current and potential interventions for anxiety in schizophrenia.DesignStructured review, summarizing pharmacological and psychosocial interventions used to reduce anxiety in schizophrenia and psychosis.ResultsAntipsychotics have been shown to reduce anxiety, increase anxiety, or have no effect. These may be augmented with another antipsychotic, anxiolytic, or antidepressant. Novel agents, such as L‐theanine, pregabalin, and cycloserine, show promise in attenuating anxiety in schizophrenia. Psychosocial therapies have been developed to reduce the distress of schizophrenia. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) has shown that benefit and refinements in the therapy have been successful, for example, for managing worry in schizophrenia. CBT usually involves more than 16 sessions, as short courses of CBT do not attenuate the presentation of anxiety in schizophrenia. To address time and cost, the development of manualized CBT to address anxiety in schizophrenia is being developed.ConclusionsThe presence of coexisting anxiety symptoms and co‐morbid anxiety disorders should be ascertained when assessing patients with schizophrenia or other psychoses as a range of pharmacological and psychosocial treatments are available.
Inherited SHQ1 mutations impair interaction with NAP57/dyskerin, a major target in dyskeratosis congenita
Authors: Bizarro Jonathan , Meier U. Thomas 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe inherited bone marrow failure syndrome dyskeratosis congenita (DC) is most frequently caused by mutations in DKC1 (MIM# 300126), the gene encoding NAP57 (aka dyskerin). The typically missense mutations modulate the interaction of NAP57 with its chaperone SHQ1, but no DC mutations have been identified in SHQ1 (MIM# 613663). Here, we report on two compound heterozygous mutations in SHQ1 in a patient with a severe neurological disorder including cerebellar degeneration.MethodsThe SHQ1 mutations were identified by patient exome sequencing. The impact of the mutations was assessed in pulldown assays with recombinant NAP57.ResultsThe SHQ1 mutations were the only set of mutations consistent with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. The mutations map to the SHQ1‐NAP57 interface and impair the interaction of the recombinant SHQ1 variants with NAP57.ConclusionIntrauterine growth retardation and the neurological phenotype of the patient are reminiscent of the severe clinical variant of DC, the Hoyeraal‐Hreidarsson syndrome (HH). Hence, SHQ1 screening may be warranted in patients with inherited bone marrow failure syndromes.
A comparison of methods for estimating the temporal change in a continuous variable: Example of HbA1c in patients with diabetes
Authors: Sheppard Therese , Tamblyn Robyn , Abrahamowicz Michal , Lunt Mark , Sperrin Matthew , Dixon William G. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPurposeTo compare the more complex technique, functional principal component analysis (FPCA), to simpler methods of estimating values of sparse and irregularly spaced continuous variables at given time points in longitudinal data using a diabetic patient cohort from UK primary care.MethodsThe setting for this study is the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD), a UK general practice research database. For 16,034 diabetic patients identified in CPRD, with at least 2 measures in a 30‐month period, HbA1c was estimated after temporarily omitting (i) the final and (ii) middle known values using linear interpolation, simple linear regression, arithmetic mean, random effects, and FPCA. Performance of each method was assessed using mean prediction error. The influence on predictive accuracy of (1) more homogeneous populations and (2) number and range of known HbA1c values was explored.ResultsWhen estimating the last observation, the predictive accuracy of FPCA was highest with over half of predicted values within 0.4 units, equivalent to laboratory measurement error. Predictive accuracy improved when estimating the middle observation with almost 60% predicted values within 0.4 units for FPCA. These results were marginally better than that achieved by simpler approaches, such as last‐occurrence‐carried‐forward linear interpolation. This pattern persisted with more homogeneous populations as well as when variability in HbA1c measures coupled with frequency of data points were considered.ConclusionsWhen estimating change from baseline to prespecified time points in electronic medical records data, a marginal benefit to using the more complex modelling approach of FPCA exists over more traditional methods.
The importance of assessing parameter sensitivity when using biophysical models: a case study using plethodontid salamanders
Authors: Peterman William E. , Gade Meaghan 
Published: August 2017

AbstractLandscapes are continually changing due to numerous assaults, including habitat alteration, anthropogenic disturbances, and climate change. Understanding how species will respond to these changes is of critical importance for conservation and management. Mechanistic models, such as biophysical models (BPMs), are an increasingly popular tool to predict how local population dynamics or species’ distributions may be altered in response to environmental and climate changes. By mechanistically modeling relationships between environmental conditions, physiology and behavior, it is possible to make accurate predictions about how species may respond. However, BPMs are often difficult to implement due to lack of appropriate, species‐specific data that is biologically realistic or relevant. In this study, we present a BPM for the salamander Plethodon jordani and assess how adding more biological realism has potential to alter model predictions about annual energy budgets. Additionally, we conducted local and global sensitivity analyses to evaluate the importance of accurately specifying model parameter values and functional relationships. We found that the addition of biological realism resulted in greater model complexity as well as substantially different estimates of energy balance. Correct parameterization of biophysical models is also critical, as small changes in parameter values can result in disproportionately large changes in downstream model estimates. Our model highlights the overall importance of using ecologically relevant and specific data for input parameters, as well as careful assessment of parameter sensitivity. We encourage researchers to be aware of the data they are using to parameterize BPMs, and urge the collection of system‐specific data that is relevant in spatial and temporal scale. We also recommend greater and more transparent use of sensitivity analyses to provide a better understanding of the model, as well as greater confidence in model predictions.
Medical students’ perceptions of a&nbsp;novel institutional incident reporting system
Authors: Gordon Morris , Parakh Dillan 
Published: August 2017

Background Errors in healthcare are a major patient safety issue, with incident reporting a key solution. The incident reporting system has been integrated within a new medical curriculum, encouraging medical students to take part in this key safety process. The aim of this study was to describe the system and assess how students perceived the reporting system with regards to its role in enhancing safety.
Methods Employing a thematic analysis, this study used interviews with medical students at the end of the first year. Thematic indices were developed according to the information emerging from the data. Through open, axial and then selective stages of coding, an understanding of how the system was perceived was established.
Results Analysis of the interview specified five core themes: (1) Aims of the incident reporting system; (2) internalized cognition of the system; (3) the impact of the reporting system; (4) threshold for reporting; (5) feedback on the systems operation. Selective analysis revealed three overriding findings: lack of error awareness and error wisdom as underpinned by key theoretical constructs, student support of the principle of safety, and perceptions of a blame culture.
Conclusions Students did not interpret reporting as a manner to support institutional learning and safety, rather many perceived it as a tool for a blame culture. The impact reporting had on students was unexpected and may give insight into how other undergraduates and early graduates interpret such a system. Future studies should aim to produce interventions that can support a reporting culture.
Contemporary evolutionary psychology and the evolution of intelligence
Authors: Lewis David M. G. , Al-Shawaf Laith , Anderson Mike 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBurkart et al.'s impressive synthesis will serve as a valuable resource for intelligence research. Despite its strengths, the target article falls short of offering compelling explanations for the evolution of intelligence. Here, we outline its shortcomings, illustrate how these can lead to misguided conclusions about the evolution of intelligence, and suggest ways to address the article's key questions.
Hierarchy, multidomain modules, and the evolution of intelligence
Authors: de Jesus Dias Martins Mauricio , Di Paolo Laura Desirèe 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn this commentary, we support a complex, mosaic, and multimodal approach to the evolution of intelligence. Using the arcuate fasciculus as an example of discontinuity in the evolution of neurobiological architectures, we argue that the strict dichotomy of modules versus G, adopted by Burkart et al. in the target article, is insufficient to interpret the available statistical and experimental evidence.