bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Récits du quotidien après la sortie de carrière : quelles expériences du vieillir « actif » et quels enjeux de citoyenneté ?
Authors: Marchand Isabelle , Firbank Oscar 
Published: August 2016

Dans le contexte mondial du vieillissement de la population, le vieillissement actif s’impose dorénavant comme cadre référentiel guidant l’action publique afin de susciter « l’activation » du citoyen-retraité face à sa trajectoire du vieillir. Celui-ci est de plus en plus enjoint, d’une part, à rester le plus longtemps possible sur le marché du travail et, d’autre part, à participer à la vie de la cité, surtout après la sortie de carrière. Pourtant, dans nos sociétés salariales, l’individu actif est généralement celui qui contribue au marché du travail. Au regard de la prédominance du travail rémunéré sur tout autre champ du social, comment pouvons-nous comprendre et interpréter le caractère actif de l’activité post-carrière des retraités, en l’occurrence celle des femmes, longtemps considérées comme « inactives » en raison du travail fantôme accompli dans le domaine du privé ? Au regard de résultats d’une recherche menée dans une perspective qualitative et privilégiant la méthode des récits de vie, nous nous sommes intéressés aux pratiques « actives » du vieillir dans la vie quotidienne de femmes ayant quitté le marché de l’emploi. Nous avons regroupé ces pratiques sous divers « pôles d’activation » et nous discuterons d’abord celles logées sous le pôle ducareet, par la suite, les pratiques liées à la participation sociale, et ce, en tentant de cerner leur déplacement dans la transition biographique qu’amènent la sortie de carrière et l’entrée dans la retraite. Ces résultats nous amèneront, en conclusion, à réfléchir aux enjeux sociopolitiques, dont ceux liés aux rapports de genre que soulèvent les perspectives d’une citoyenneté « active » du vieillissement.
La cyberdémocratie québécoise : Twitter bashing, #VoteCampus et selfies
Authors: Sullivan Katherine V.R. , Bélanger Pierre C. 
Published: August 2016

Les potentialités démocratiques des médias sociaux font désormais partie des programmes de recherche de plusieurs politologues. Toutefois, la première analyse de l’utilisation de Twitter en contexte politique au Canada ne remonte qu’à 2010. Nous contribuons à cette récente littérature en explorant les manières dont les candidats aux élections générales québécoises de 2014 utilisent ce média. Pour les cyber-optimistes, la twittosphère peut faciliter les interactions avec les politiciens, augmenter l’accès à l’information et encourager la participation politique. En revanche, les cyber-pessimistes estiment que les espaces numériques servent essentiellement les professionnels du marketing politique. Pour analyser ces prétentions dichotomiques, nous avons analysé le contenu de plus de 13 000 gazouillis de candidats siégeant à l’Assemblée nationale du Québec. Nos résultats démontrent qu’à l’exception des candidats de Québec solidaire (dont lestweetsse démarquent de manière statistiquement significative), les politiciens rattachés aux trois partis principaux du Québec ont surtout utilisé Twitter à des fins de marketing politique, notamment dans une stratégie de campagne négative.
CardioTF, a database of deconstructing transcriptional circuits in the heart system
Authors: Zhen Yisong 
Published: August 2016

Background:Information on cardiovascular gene transcription is fragmented and far behind the present requirements of the systems biology field. To create a comprehensive source of data for cardiovascular gene regulation and to facilitate a deeper understanding of genomic data, the CardioTF database was constructed. The purpose of this database is to collate information on cardiovascular transcription factors (TFs), position weight matrices (PWMs), and enhancer sequences discovered using the ChIP-seq method.Methods:The Naïve-Bayes algorithm was used to classify literature and identify all PubMed abstracts on cardiovascular development. The natural language learning tool GNAT was then used to identify corresponding gene names embedded within these abstracts. Local Perl scripts were used to integrate and dump data from public databases into the MariaDB management system (MySQL). In-house R scripts were written to analyze and visualize the results.Results:Known cardiovascular TFs from humans and human homologs from fly,Ciona, zebrafish, frog, chicken, and mouse were identified and deposited in the database. PWMs from Jaspar, hPDI, and UniPROBE databases were deposited in the database and can be retrieved using their corresponding TF names. Gene enhancer regions from various sources of ChIP-seq data were deposited into the database and were able to be visualized by graphical output. Besides biocuration, mouse homologs of the 81 core cardiac TFs were selected using a Naïve-Bayes approach and then by intersecting four independent data sources: RNA profiling, expert annotation, PubMed abstracts and phenotype.Discussion:The CardioTF database can be used as a portal to construct transcriptional network of cardiac development.Availability and Implementation:Database URL:http://www.cardiosignal.org/database/cardiotf.html.
Perceived stress and fatigue among students in a doctor of chiropractic training program
Authors: Kizhakkeveettil Anupama , Vosko Andrew M. , Brash Marissa , PH Dr , Philips Michael A. 
Published: August 2016

Objective
High levels of stress and fatigue are associated with decreased academic success, well-being, and quality of life. The objective of this research was to quantify levels of perceived stress and fatigue among chiropractic students to identify sources of and student coping mechanisms for perceived stress and fatigue and to identify the relationship between students' perceived stress and fatigue.

Methods
A survey comprised of the Perceived Stress Scale, the Undergraduate Sources of Stress Survey, and the Piper Fatigue Scale was administered to chiropractic students in their 2nd, 5th, and 8th trimesters of doctoral study. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, 1-way analysis of variance, and linear correlation tests.

Results
Students reported having moderate to high levels of stress and fatigue, with higher levels of stress and fatigue seen in women than in men. A nonsignificant difference among stress scores and a significant difference among fatigue scores were observed based on program term. Levels of stress predicted levels of fatigue, and stress was strongly correlated with psychological health, relationships with family members, mood, and need for learning accommodations. Fatigue was strongly correlated with psychological health, academic demands, and conflicts between studies and other activities.

Conclusion
There are differences in the reporting of perceived stress and fatigue levels in this chiropractic student population based on gender. The correlation between fatigue and stress also suggests that measures that may alleviate one may likely affect the other.
Historical variations of mercury stable isotope ratios in Arctic glacier firn and ice cores
Authors: Zdanowicz C. M. , Krümmel E. M. , Poulain A. J. , Yumvihoze E. , Chen J. , Štrok M. , Scheer M. , Hintelmann H. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe concentration and isotopic composition of mercury (Hg) were determined in glacier core samples from Canadian Arctic ice caps dating from preindustrial to recent time (early 21st century). Mean Hg levels increased from ≤ 0.2 ng L−1in preindustrial time to ~0.8–1.2 ng L−1in the modern industrial era (last ~200 years). Hg accumulated on Arctic ice caps has Δ199Hg and Δ201Hg that are higher (~ −1 to 2.9‰) than previously reported for Arctic snow impacted by atmospheric Hg depletion events (mostly < −1‰), suggesting that these events contribute little to Hg accumulation on ice caps. The range of δ202Hg, Δ199Hg, and Δ201Hg in glacier cores overlaps with that of Arctic Hg0(g)and of seawater in Baffin Bay and also with that of midlatitude precipitation and industrial Hg sources, including coal and Hg ores. A core from Agassiz ice cap (80.7°N) shows a ~ +1‰ shift in δ202Hg over the nineteenth to twentieth centuries that could reflect changes in the isotopic composition of the atmospheric Hg pool in the High Arctic in response to growing industrial emissions at lower latitudes. This study is the first ever to report on historical variations of Hg stable isotope ratios in Arctic ice cores. Results could help constrain future modeling efforts of the global Hg biogeochemical cycle and the atmosphere's response to changing Hg emissions, past and future.
Grain‐scale supercharging and breakdown on airless regoliths
Authors: Zimmerman M. I. , Farrell W. M. , Hartzell C. M. , Wang X. , Horanyi M. , Hurley D. M. , Hibbitts K. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractInteractions of the solar wind and emitted photoelectrons with airless bodies have been studied extensively. However, the details of how charged particles interact with the regolith at the scale of a single grain have remained largely uncharacterized. Recent efforts have focused upon determining total surface charge under photoemission and solar wind bombardment and the associated electric field and potential. In this work, theory and simulations are used to show that grain‐grain charge differences can exceed classical sheath predictions by several orders of magnitude, sometimes reaching dielectric breakdown levels. Temperature‐dependent electrical conductivity works against supercharging by allowing current to leak through individual grains; the balance between internal conduction and surface charging controls the maximum possible grain‐to‐grain electric field. Understanding the finer details of regolith grain charging, conductive equilibrium, and dielectric breakdown will improve future numerical studies of space weathering and dust levitation on airless bodies.
Vegetation response to precipitation variability in East Africa controlled by biogeographical factors
Authors: Hawinkel P. , Thiery W. , Lhermitte S. , Swinnen E. , Verbist B. , Van Orshoven J. , Muys B. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractEcosystem sensitivity to climate variability varies across East Africa, and identifying the determinant factors of this sensitivity is crucial to assessing region‐wide vulnerability to climate change and variability. Such assessment critically relies on spatiotemporal data sets with inherent uncertainty, on new processing techniques to extract interannual variability at a priori unknown time scales and on adequate statistical models to test for biogeographical effects on vegetation‐precipitation relationships. In this study, interannual variability in long‐term records of normalized difference vegetation index and satellite‐based precipitation estimates was detected using ensemble empirical mode decomposition and standardized precipitation index with varying accumulation periods. Environmental effect modeling using additive models with spatially correlated effects showed that ecosystem sensitivity is primarily predicted by biogeographical factors such as annual precipitation distribution (reaching maximum sensitivity at 500 mm yr−1), vegetation type and structure, ocean‐climate coupling, and elevation. The threat of increasing climate variability and extremes impacting productivity and stability of ecosystems is most imminent in semiarid grassland and mixed cropland ecosystems. The influence of oceanic phenomena such as El Niño–Southern Oscillation and Indian Ocean Dipole is foremost reflected in precipitation variability, but prolonged episodes also pose risks for long‐term degradation of tree‐rich ecosystems in the East African Great Lakes region.
Uplift rate transients at subduction margins due to earthquake clustering
Authors: Mouslopoulou Vasiliki , Oncken Onno , Hainzl Sebastian , Nicol Andrew 
Published: August 2016

AbstractCoastal uplift is common in continental fore‐arc systems, with elevated paleoshorelines indicating that uplift rates can vary dramatically over time on individual margins. The origins of these changes in uplift rates are examined using a global data set of paleoshorelines together with 2‐D numerical models of subduction systems. Empirical paleoshoreline data (N = 282) from eight subduction margins indicate that uplift rates are generally not steady state and varied by up to a factor of 20 during the late Quaternary (≤125 ka). On many subduction margins uplift rates increase to the present day, a finding which we attribute to sampling bias toward those locations where Holocene uplift rates have been highest (with respect to other global margins which have undergone fast subsidence or no vertical motion—e.g., a property akin to the so‐called Sadler effect). Paleoshorelines and 2‐D models suggest that transient uplift rates at subduction margins are mainly a short‐term (<20 ka) phenomenon that cannot be accounted for by plate‐boundary scale processes such as changes in the rates of plate convergence, sediment underplating or isostatic unloading. Instead, time‐variable uplift rates are ascribed to temporal clustering of large‐magnitude earthquakes on upper plate faults and, to a lesser extent, the subduction thrust. The potential for future damaging earthquakes and tsunamis may have been underestimated at active subduction margins with no measureable Holocene uplift, and in such cases, late Quaternary paleoshorelines could provide an important constraint for hazard analysis.
Data Privacy and Social Acceptance of Smart Meters
Authors: Rocha Marta 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Smart meters are an important technology that will allow for a two‐way flow of information and communication between the meter and all relevant parties. This technology will be able to monitor and record electricity consumption on a near real‐time basis. Governments, consumers, and privacy advocates have already shared concerns on the vast amount of data that smart meters are able to collect. This chapter analyses the main reasons for these concerns from the point of view of the consumers and the market players. It also provides an analysis of the main data protection law and regulatory mechanisms that have been applied to smart metering systems. It is concluded that there have been already some advances regarding privacy laws with the specific aim to protect data generated by smart meters. Nevertheless, it is important to ensure that there is and will continue being a strong monitoring from the industry itself to ensure that ethical values and community norms are followed as well as from governments and regulators that aim to protect consumers' rights.
Reliability Indices
Authors: Cheng Lin 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDistribution systems are experiencing rapid growths of advanced measurement, communication, automatic control, and distributed resource and becoming the frontier of smart grids. This fact suggests new reliability assessment methods, which fit “smart” distribution system in order to aid its design. First of all, this chapter presents the reliability assessment methods that suit the presence of three kinds of distribution automation (DA), including fault indicators, sequential coordinated reclosers, and smart load restoration, respectively. Then the reliability benefits of introducing distributed generation (DG) as emergency power sources are discussed, including a discussion on the role of electric vehicles. Thirdly, the reliability impact of information communication technologies (ICT) is studied by summarizing up‐to‐date achievements.
Cascading Failures in Power Systems
Authors: Hines Paul D. H. , Rezaei Pooya 
Published: August 2016

AbstractLarge electric power systems are among the most complex systems created by humankind. One consequence of this complexity is that small unexpected disturbances trigger long chains of cascading component failures that can lead to massive power outages. Because of the many different mechanisms involved and the limited data available from historical cascades, modeling cascading failure is a challenging problem. Furthermore, among all the possible combinations of triggering events a relatively small number lead to large blackouts, which creates difficulties for conventional statistical approaches to risk analysis. In order to facilitate understanding about this complexity, this chapter describes several different approaches to modeling cascading blackouts and subsequently studying the risk of cascades, given a blackout model. Together these results suggest that when combined with good models, risk analysis can provide valuable and actionable insight into cascading failures in power systems.
New Approaches to Interoperability
Authors: Ambrosio Ronald F. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe chapter focuses on the challenges of achieving interoperability in future smart grid systems through an exploration of two key pieces of work developed by the GridWise® Architecture Council: the Interoperability Constitution, which defines a series of concise Statements of Principle in several categories that serve to guide individuals and organizations when dealing with interoperability challenges, and the Interoperability Context‐Setting Framework, which builds on the Constitution's Statements of Principle and develops a layered framework and terminology to enable effective dialog among the utility, vendor, standards, policy/regulatory, and customer communities, and assists designers and developers of standards, products, systems, and ultimately complete smart grid implementations to effectively address interoperability at all levels.
Industry Practice and Operational Experience ofICT
Authors: Arteaga Charlie 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis chapter presents the experiences and lessons learned of building and deploying smart grid communications networks over a period of 10 years, including helping utilities with the development of communication strategies, developing scalable designs, and deployment of communications systems in high‐voltage transmission, medium‐voltage distribution, and low‐voltage networks. Specifically, it addresses the challenges in building a network infrastructure that can provide reliable and cost‐effective bidirectional communications for electric utility devices (voltage and current sensors, remote‐controlled switches, teleprotection devices, phasor measurement units, and electric smart meters) with varying requirements for bandwidth, latency, and resiliency in a smart grid environment.
IEC
61850 for Distribution Systems
Authors: Brand Klaus‐Peter 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The distribution systems simply by star structures and a unidirectional power flow are now transformed toward grids with meshes and bidirectional flow. The main driver is the increasing connection of renewables to distribution systems. Because these new energy sources are mostly volatile, storage capacities are installed in parallel. Deregulation of the electric market allows the consumer to interact very flexibly with his/her energy supplier. He/she may also become the producer. To keep such a system with so many components' reliable power supply, all applicable information and communication technology have to be used providing smartness for the grid. IEDs (intelligent electronic devices) for control, protection, and monitoring have been interconnected in the past by proprietary serial communication. The standard IEC 61850 with its data model on high semantic level, its communication approach, and its powerful system configuration description language (SCL) for tools has facilitated the setting up of multivendor and large‐area systems. This standard has application domains also outside substation automation. Therefore, nearly all elements for modeling smart distribution systems are available in the standard but maybe not all as IEDs on the market. As the communication should cover all requirements without overhead, the discussion about the best communication solution for distribution automation is not yet closed. Some solutions may work in parallel for different application functions in the distribution grid.
Electric Vehicles and
V2G
Operation
Authors: Liyanage Kithsiri M. , Ekanayake Janaka B. , Liu Chen‐Ching 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The different types of EVs, their operating modes and V2G operation are discussed. The characteristics of EVs and their key elements are presented. The benefits of V2G operation to smart grid operation are discussed and relevant standards are briefly introduced. Further, battery energy Technologies and Power Electronic technologies that are used in EVs are also highlighted.
Active Management of Electric Vehicles Acting as Distributed Storage
Authors: Soares Filipe J. , Almeida Pedro M. R. , Galus Matthias , Barbeiro Pedro N. P. , Peças Lopes João 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn the European Union (EU), the greenhouse emissions from the transportation sector increased around 36% since 1990, which degraded the environmental quality. This sector, owing to its oil dependency, is responsible for around a quarter of EU greenhouse emissions, and the road transportation represents about 20% of the total CO2emissions in EU. Moreover, concerns such as the dependency on oil supply and the foreseen prices increase during this century have motivated a wide range of policy and technological measures for the transportation sector. A large part of these measures were to incentivize the electric vehicle (EV) adoption, which is one element with great potential to decarbonize the transportation sector and decrease its oil dependency.This chapter describes relevant methodologies to actively manage EV charging/discharging (as distributed storage devices) to achieve different goals, such as avoid grid congestion, the EV participation in primary frequency control, and the coordination of EV charging with renewable generation. To contextualize the methodologies described, a brief state of the art in active management functionalities for EV is provided. Some of the results obtained with the described approaches are also presented to demonstrate their overall performance.
Control and Management Architectures
Authors: Matos Manuel A. , Seca Luís , Madureira André G. , Soares Filipe J. , Bessa Ricardo J. , Pereira Jorge , Peças Lopes João 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe emergence of the smart grid concept led to different proposals for the organization of distributed energy resources (DER), control processes, and management functionalities, instantiated in distinct architectures. Besides the usual scientific publications about the theme, a number of projects, namely, in the Framework Programs FP6 and FP7 and Horizon 2020 (H2020) of the European Union, have been developed in the recent years, addressing this theme directly and indirectly. Commercial solutions are already available for total or partial implementation of smart grids, namely, regarding network automation and enhanced network operation smart appliances. On the other hand, some pilots and demonstration projects that field‐tested architectures and functionalities and assessed the impact of the changes in the electric power systems derived from the implementation of smart grid concepts have been deployed throughout the world.This chapter reviews the most relevant elements of this kind, compares the main options for the overall architectures, and details the analysis of some specific functionalities, indispensable for the real implementation of the smart grid paradigm.