bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AS PRÁTICAS DE ENSINO DA EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL NO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL EM UM COLÉGIO PÚBLICO E UM PRIVADO DE PONTA GROSSA - PR
Authors: Iensen Valdirene Aparecida , Kostrzevicz Vanessa , Grizio-Orita Edinéia Vilanova 
Published: May 2016

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo verificar as práticas de ensino da Educação Ambiental (EA) realizadas em dois colégios da cidade de Ponta Grossa, sendo uma instituição pública e outra privada. Foram levantadas informações dos conteúdos do livro didático referentes ao tema e verificado com os professores se o tempo que eles têm para trabalhá-la é suficiente e se há interdisciplinaridade para o aprendizado do aluno. Para tanto se fez necessária uma pesquisa bibliográfica, aplicação de questionários e observações no ambiente escolar. A pesquisa pautou-se em uma abordagem quali-quantitativa para tratar as informações. Dessa forma foi possível verificar que ambos os colégios realizam práticas ligadas a temática embora de maneira distinta. Constatou-se interdisciplinaridade ao trabalhar este tema, mas o tempo de abordagem do mesmo é insuficiente.Palavras-chave: ensino, interdisciplinaridade, educação ambiental, ambiente escolar. DOI: 10.5902/2236499412406
Evaluation of the aerosol vertical distribution in global aerosol models through comparison against CALIOP measurements: AeroCom phase II results
Authors: Koffi Brigitte , Schulz Michael , Bréon François‐Marie , Dentener Frank , Steensen Birthe Marie , Griesfeller Jan , Winker David , Balkanski Yves , Bauer Susanne E. , Bellouin Nicolas , Berntsen Terje , Bian Huisheng , Chin Mian , Diehl Thomas , Easter Richard , Ghan Steven , Hauglustaine Didier A. , Iversen Trond , Kirkevåg Alf , Liu Xiaohong , Lohmann Ulrike , Myhre Gunnar , Rasch Phil , Seland Øyvind , Skeie Ragnhild B. , Steenrod Stephen D. , Stier Philip , Tackett Jason , Takemura Toshihiko , Tsigaridis Kostas , Vuolo Maria Raffaella , Yoon Jinho , Zhang Kai 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe ability of 11 models in simulating the aerosol vertical distribution from regional to global scales, as part of the second phase of the AeroCom model intercomparison initiative (AeroCom II), is assessed and compared to results of the first phase. The evaluation is performed using a global monthly gridded data set of aerosol extinction profiles built for this purpose from the CALIOP (Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization) Layer Product 3.01. Results over 12 subcontinental regions show that five models improved, whereas three degraded in reproducing the interregional variability in Zα0–6 km, the mean extinction height diagnostic, as computed from the CALIOP aerosol profiles over the 0–6 km altitude range for each studied region and season. While the models' performance remains highly variable, the simulation of the timing of the Zα0–6 km peak season has also improved for all but two models from AeroCom Phase I to Phase II. The biases in Zα0–6 km are smaller in all regions except Central Atlantic, East Asia, and North and South Africa. Most of the models now underestimate Zα0–6 km over land, notably in the dust and biomass burning regions in Asia and Africa. At global scale, the AeroCom II models better reproduce the Zα0–6 km latitudinal variability over ocean than over land. Hypotheses for the performance and evolution of the individual models and for the intermodel diversity are discussed. We also provide an analysis of the CALIOP limitations and uncertainties contributing to the differences between the simulations and observations.
Reduced admixture of North Atlantic Deep Water to the deep central South Pacific during the last two glacial periods
Authors: Molina‐Kescher Mario , Frank Martin , Tapia Raúl , Ronge Thomas A. , Nürnberg Dirk , Tiedemann Ralf 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe South Pacific is a sensitive location for the variability of the global oceanic thermohaline circulation given that deep waters from the Atlantic Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and the Pacific Basin are exchanged. Here we reconstruct the deep water circulation of the central South Pacific for the last two glacial cycles (from 240,000 years ago to the Holocene) based on radiogenic neodymium (Nd) and lead (Pb) isotope records complemented by benthic stable carbon data obtained from two sediment cores located on the flanks of the East Pacific Rise. The records show small but consistent glacial/interglacial changes in all three isotopic systems with interglacial average values of −5.8 and 18.757 for εNd and 206Pb/204Pb, respectively, whereas glacial averages are −5.3 and 18.744. Comparison of this variability of Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) to previously published records along the pathway of the global thermohaline circulation is consistent with reduced admixture of North Atlantic Deep Water to CDW during cold stages. The absolute values and amplitudes of the benthic δ13C variations are essentially indistinguishable from other records of the Southern Hemisphere and confirm that the low central South Pacific sedimentation rates did not result in a significant reduction of the amplitude of any of the measured proxies. In addition, the combined detrital Nd and strontium (87Sr/86Sr) isotope signatures imply that Australian and New Zealand dust has remained the principal contributor of lithogenic material to the central South Pacific.
OAM multiple transmission using uniform circular arrays: Numerical modeling and experimental verification with two digital television signals
Authors: Gaffoglio Rossella , Cagliero Andrea , Vita Assunta De , Sacco Bruno 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn this work we present the outcomes of a radio frequency orbital angular momentum (OAM) transmission between two antenna arrays performed in a real‐world context. The analysis is supplemented by deep simulative investigations able to provide both a preliminary overview of the experimental scenario and a posteriori validation of the achieved results. As a first step, the far‐field OAM communication link is tested at various frequencies and the corresponding link budget is studied by means of an angular scan generated by the rotation of the receiving system. Then, on the same site, two digital television signals encoded as OAM modes (ℓ = 1 and ℓ =− 1) are simultaneously transmitted at a common frequency of 198.5 MHz with good mode insulation.
Episodicity in phytoplankton dynamics in a coastal region
Authors: Jönsson Bror F. , Salisbury Joseph E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMuch is still unknown about the control of oceanic biological production, especially in coastal areas where daily changes can be as large as seasonal variability. Both data scarcity and a lack of methods with sufficient coverage in space and time hinder our progress. Here we present a satellite‐derived proxy for net community production where simulated velocity fields are combined with satellite data to create a comprehensive accounting of spatial and temporal scales of biological production in the Southern California Bight. Statistical analyses show that rare events exert a major influence when estimating mean production over seasonal time scales: about 65% of change in biomass is caused by the 10% highest values in our data set. The results suggest that frequencies of rare events might be as important for biological production as seasonal averages. Our work highlights the need for additional data sets sampled at higher frequencies and shorter spatial scales.
Four‐decade record of pervasive grounding line retreat along the Bellingshausen margin of West Antarctica
Authors: Christie Frazer D. W. , Bingham Robert G. , Gourmelen Noel , Tett Simon F. B. , Muto Atsuhiro 
Published: May 2016

AbstractChanges to the grounding line, where grounded ice starts to float, can be used as a remotely sensed measure of ice‐sheet susceptibility to ocean‐forced dynamic thinning. Constraining this susceptibility is vital for predicting Antarctica's contribution to rising sea levels. We use Landsat imagery to monitor grounding line movement over four decades along the Bellingshausen margin of West Antarctica, an area little monitored despite potential for future ice losses. We show that ~65% of the grounding line retreated from 1990 to 2015, with pervasive and accelerating retreat in regions of fast ice flow and/or thinning ice shelves. Venable Ice Shelf confounds expectations in that, despite extensive thinning, its grounding line has undergone negligible retreat. We present evidence that the ice shelf is currently pinned to a sub‐ice topographic high which, if breached, could facilitate ice retreat into a significant inland basin, analogous to nearby Pine Island Glacier.
Double‐peak subauroral ion drifts (DSAIDs)
Authors: He Fei , Zhang Xiao‐Xin , Wang Wenbin , Chen Bo 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis paper reports double‐peak subauroral ion drifts (DSAIDs), which is unique subset of subauroral ion drifts (SAIDs). A statistical analysis has been carried out for the first time with a database of 454 DSAID events identified from Defense Meteorological Satellite Program observations from 1987 to 2012. Both case studies and statistical analyses show that the two velocity peaks of DSAIDs are associated with two ion temperature peaks and two region‐2 field‐aligned currents (R2‐FACs) peaks in the midlatitude ionospheric trough located in the low‐conductance subauroral region. DSAIDs are regional and vary significantly with magnetic local time. DSAIDs can evolve from/to SAIDs during their lifetimes, which are from several minutes to tens of minutes. Comparisons between the ionospheric parameters of DSAIDs and SAIDs indicate that double‐layer region‐2 field‐aligned currents (R2‐FACs) may be the main driver of DSAIDs. It is also found that DSAIDs happen during more disturbed conditions compared with SAIDs.
Identifying the electron diffusion region in a realistic simulation of Earth's magnetotail
Authors: Ashour‐Abdalla Maha , Lapenta Giovanni , Walker Raymond , El‐Alaoui Mostafa , Liang Haoming , Zhou Meng , Berchem Jean , Goldstein Melvyn L. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA historic challenge to understanding geomagnetic activity is determining where in Earth's magnetotail magnetic energy is converted into particle energy and heat by magnetic reconnection. Key to unravel this fundamental process is in determining the location and extent of the electron diffusion region (EDR) where the energy conversion is initiated. We have located the EDR during a substorm on 15 February 2008 by using a combination of global magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) and particle‐in‐cell (PIC) simulations. Solar wind data were used as input into the MHD simulation, which provided the initial and boundary conditions for the PIC calculation. The simulated reconnection rate was episodic with magnetic reconnection occurring every few seconds. The reconnection site moved several Earth radii in a few minutes. A parameter that measures the breakdown of electron gyrotropy about the magnetic field provided the clearest location of the EDR where changes in magnetic topology and particle acceleration are initiated.
A 17 June 2011 polar jet and its presence in the background solar wind
Authors: Yu H.‐S. , Jackson B.V. , Yang Y.‐H. , Chen N.‐H. , Buffington A. , Hick P. P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractHigh‐speed jet responses in the polar solar wind are enigmatic. Here we measure a jet response that emanates from the southern polar coronal hole on 17 June 2011 at the extreme speed of over 1200 km/s. This response was recorded from the Sun‐Earth line in Solar Dynamics Observatory/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (SDO/AIA) and Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph/C2 and both Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory Extreme Ultraviolet Imager and COR2 coronagraphs when the three spacecraft were situated ~90° from one another. These certify the coronal 3‐D location of the response that is associated with an existing solar plume structure and show its high speed to distances of over 14 RS. This jetting is associated with magnetic flux changes in the polar region as measured by the SDO/Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager instrumentation over a period of several hours. The fastest coronal response observed can be tracked to a time near the period of greatest flux changes and to the onset of the brightest flaring in AIA. This high‐speed response can be tracked directly as a small patch of outward moving brightness in coronal images as in Yu et al. (2014) where three slower events were followed from the perspective of Earth. This accumulated jet response has the largest mass and energy we have yet seen in 3‐D reconstructions from Solar Mass Ejection Imager observations, and its outward motion is certified for the first time using interplanetary scintillation observations. This jet response is surrounded by similar high‐speed patches, but these are smoothed out in Ulysses polar measurements, we speculate about how these dynamic activities relate to solar wind acceleration.
Loess Plateau check dams can potentially sequester eroded soil organic carbon
Authors: Zhang Haicheng , Liu Shuguang , Yuan Wenping , Dong Wenjie , Xia Jiangzhou , Cao Yaojun , Jia Yanwei 
Published: May 2016

AbstractCheck dams are special soil and water conservation structures in the Loess Plateau, China. They play an important role in intercepting sediments and soil organic carbon (SOC). However, the decomposition of intercepted SOC and the environmental regulations at check dams have not been investigated. We conducted several paired field experiments at both check dams and slope lands in the Yanhe Watershed of the Loess Plateau to examine the characteristics of SOC decomposition at check dams. On average, the SOC mineralization rate in slope lands was approximately three times higher than in check dams. Increased soil moisture and compaction in check dams can constrain carbon mineralization by limiting the oxygen availability of SOC and can isolate substrate carbon from heterotrophic microorganisms. Our results indicate that check dams display a considerable potential for eroded SOC sequestration via reducing the soil respiration rate and highlight the important implications of lateral carbon redistribution and human engineering projects when estimating regional or global ecosystem carbon cycles.
Incidence, Prevalence, and Survival of Biopsy‐Proven Giant Cell Arteritis in Northern Italy During a 26‐Year Period
Authors: Catanoso Mariagrazia , Macchioni Pierluigi , Boiardi Luigi , Muratore Francesco , Restuccia Giovanna , Cavazza Alberto , Pipitone Nicolò , Mancuso Pamela , Luberto Ferdinando , Salvarani Carlo 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveTo investigate the epidemiology and mortality in patients with biopsy‐proven giant cell arteritis (GCA) in northern Italy.MethodsAll patients with incident temporal‐artery biopsy‐positive GCA, diagnosed between 1986 and 2012 and living in the Reggio Emilia area, were identified by using a pathology register and by reviewing all histopathologic specimens. For each patient, we identified 1 comparison subject from the same geographic area, matched for age and sex. Mortality rates and specific causes of death were reported.ResultsThere were 285 incident cases of biopsy‐proven GCA (210 women) during the 26‐year study period. The overall age‐ and sex‐adjusted incidence per 100,000 persons ages ≥50 years was 5.8 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 5.1, 6.5). Incidence was significantly higher in women (7.8 [95% CI 6.7, 8.9]) than in men (3.3 [95% CI 2.6, 4.1]) (P < 0.0001). Annual age‐ and sex‐adjusted incidence rates significantly increased by 15.9% per 3 years from 1986 to 2000, then significantly fell by −4.8% per 3 years from 2001–2012. The prevalence of GCA on December 31, 2012 was 87.9 (95% CI 75.8, 101.4). No significant differences in the mortality rates were observed between GCA patients (4.9 per 100 person‐years [95% CI 4.1, 5.8]) and non‐GCA subjects (5.6 [95% CI 4.7, 6.6]). No significant differences in causes of death were observed comparing GCA patients to non‐GCA subjects.ConclusionThis large population‐based study of biopsy‐proven GCA confirmed the lower incidence of GCA in Mediterranean countries and did not observe any increased mortality risk.
Severe sepsis caused by Capnocytophaga canimorsus complicated by thrombotic microangiopathy in an immunocompetent patient
Authors: Maezawa Shota , Kudo Daisuke , Asanuma Keiichiro , Takekoshi Daisuke , Egashira Ryuichiro , Kushimoto Shigeki 
Published: May 2016

CaseA 61‐year‐old man with an unremarkable medical history was admitted with fever 7 days after being bitten by his dog. On day 3, he showed altered mental status, and laboratory data showed progressive hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, hyperbilirubinemia, renal dysfunction, coagulopathy, and schistocytosis. Severe sepsis complicated with thrombotic microangiopathy caused by Capnocytophaga canimorsus was suspected.OutcomePlasma exchange was applied to treat the thrombotic microangiopathy and resulted in platelet count increase and improved renal function, hyperbilirubinemia, and schistocytosis. Blood culture results confirmed the presence of C. canimorsus. The patient was discharged in good condition.ConclusionCapnocytophaga canimorsus is rare cause of severe sepsis, and should be suspected even in immunocompetent patients with dog‐bite history. Capnocytophaga canimorsus infection may be complicated by thrombotic microangiopathy, for which plasma exchange should be considered prior to definitive diagnosis of thrombotic microangiopathy.
Muscle Biopsy Findings in Combination With Myositis‐Specific Autoantibodies Aid Prediction of Outcomes in Juvenile Dermatomyositis
Authors: Deakin Claire T. , Yasin Shireena A. , Simou Stefania , Arnold Katie A. , Tansley Sarah L. , Betteridge Zoe E. , McHugh Neil J. , Varsani Hemlata , Holton Janice L. , Jacques Thomas S. , Pilkington Clarissa A. , Nistala Kiran , Wedderburn Lucy R. ,   on behalf of the UK Juvenile Dermatomyositis Research Group
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveJuvenile dermatomyositis (DM) is a rare and severe autoimmune condition characterized by rash and proximal muscle weakness. While some patients respond to standard treatment, others do not. This study was carried out to investigate whether histopathologic findings and myositis‐specific autoantibodies (MSAs) have prognostic significance in juvenile DM.MethodsMuscle biopsy samples (n = 101) from patients in the UK Juvenile Dermatomyositis Cohort and Biomarker Study were stained, analyzed, and scored for severity of histopathologic features. In addition, autoantibodies were measured in the serum or plasma of patients (n = 90) and longitudinal clinical data were collected (median duration of follow‐up 4.9 years). Long‐term treatment status (on or off medication over time) was modeled using generalized estimating equations.ResultsMuscle biopsy scores differed according to MSA subgroup. When the effects of MSA subgroup were accounted for, increased severity of muscle histopathologic features was predictive of an increased risk of remaining on treatment over time: for the global pathology score (histopathologist's visual analog scale [hVAS] score), 1.48‐fold higher odds (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.12–1.96; P = 0.0058), and for the total biopsy score (determined with the standardized score tool), 1.10‐fold higher odds (95% CI 1.01–1.21; P = 0.038). A protective effect was identified in patients with anti–Mi‐2 autoantibodies, in whom the odds of remaining on treatment were 7.06‐fold lower (95% CI 1.41–35.36; P = 0.018) despite muscle biopsy scores indicating more severe disease. In patients with anti–nuclear matrix protein 2 autoantibodies, anti–transcription intermediary factor 1γ autoantibodies, or no detectable autoantibody, increased histopathologic severity alone, without adjustment for the effect of MSA subtype, was predictive of the risk of remaining on treatment: for the hVAS global pathology score, 1.61‐fold higher odds (95% CI 1.16–2.22; P = 0.004), and for the total biopsy score, 1.13‐fold higher odds (95% CI 1.03–1.24; P = 0.013).ConclusionHistopathologic severity, in combination with MSA subtype, is predictive of the risk of remaining on treatment in patients with juvenile DM and may be useful for discussing probable treatment length with parents and patients. Understanding these associations may identify patients at greater risk of severe disease.
Risk of Myocardial Infarction and Stroke in Patients With Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis (Wegener's): A Population‐Based Study
Authors: Aviña‐Zubieta J. Antonio , Mai Alice , Amiri Neda , Dehghan Natasha , Ann Tan Ju , Sayre Eric C. , Choi Hyon K. 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveTo assess the relative risk of myocardial infarction (MI) and ischemic stroke in patients with newly diagnosed granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's) (GPA) compared with that in controls from the general population.MethodsUsing a population‐based database from the province of British Columbia, Canada, we conducted a matched cohort study in which each patient with incident GPA was matched for age, sex, and entry time with up to 10 individuals from the general population. Patients in the GPA cohort were required to have received at least 1 prescription for oral glucocorticoids, methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, leflunomide, azathioprine, cyclosporine, mycophenolate mofetil, or rituximab within 1 month before or 6 months after the index date. We compared the incidence rates of MI and ischemic stroke between the 2 groups and calculated hazard ratios (HRs), adjusting for confounders.ResultsAmong 504 patients with incident GPA (53.4% female, mean age 57.4 years), MI developed in 23 patients, and ischemic stroke developed in 18 patients (incidence rates of 11.7 per 1,000 person‐years and 8.9 per 1,000 person‐years, respectively). The incidence rates among 5,222 subjects without GPA were 5.2 per 1,000 person‐years and 4.3 per 1,000 person‐years, respectively. The multivariable HRs among GPA patients were 1.86 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.05–3.31) for MI and 1.50 (95% CI 0.78–2.89) for ischemic stroke. The age‐, sex‐, and entry time–matched HR for cardiovascular disease (composite outcome of MI or stroke) was highest during the first year after GPA diagnosis (HR 2.88, 95% CI 1.37–6.08).ConclusionPatients with GPA have a significantly increased risk of MI and a non–statistically significant trend toward an increased risk of ischemic stroke. Monitoring for this complication and vigilance in modifying risk factors are particularly warranted in this patient population, especially early after the diagnosis of GPA.