bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The many faces of Meckel's diverticulum and its complications
Authors: Choi Seo‐Youn , Hong Seong Sook , Park Hyun Jeong , Lee Hae Kyung , Shin Hyeong Cheol , Choi Gyo Chang 
Published: August 2016

SummaryMeckel's diverticulum is the most frequent congenital malformation of the gastrointestinal tract, occurring in 2% of the general population. Meckel's diverticulum is usually asymptomatic and found incidentally. However, the lifetime risk of complications is 4–40%. In this essay, we describe the clinical and imaging findings in 12 cases of Meckel's diverticula with complications over a 5‐year period, which were confirmed pathologically. The major complications of Meckel's diverticulum include gastrointestinal bleeding, bowel obstruction, perforation and inflammation. Small bowel follow‐through (SBFT), computed tomography (CT) including CT enterography and RI scintigraphy can be used to show typical imaging features of Meckel's diverticulum and its complications. Knowledge of the clinical and radiologic findings of Meckel's diverticulum can aid in the early and accurate diagnosis of this anomaly and its complications.
Differences between prolonged weaning patients from medical and surgical intensive care units
Authors: Bickenbach J. , Marx G. , Schmoor C. , Lemmen S. , Marx N. , Dreher M. 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundIt is not clear whether patients entering a specialized, interdisciplinary weaning unit from surgical or medical intensive care units (ICU) distinguish substantially. The purpose of the present study was to assess differences in patients with prolonged weaning being referred from surgical and medical ICU.MethodsData collected from April 2013 to April 2014 was conducted for retrospective analysis. Mortality rates, demographic data, clinical, and microbial differences in 150 patients with prolonged weaning were assessed (80 surgical and 70 medical).ResultsSurgical ICU referrals tended to be older (70.7 ± 11.3 vs. 67.3 ± 12.3, P = 0.051) and had fewer underlying pulmonary diseases (45% vs. 60%, P = 0.067). Sodium values at the time of referral to the weaning unit were significantly higher in surgical (147.1 ± 9.6) vs. medical (141.3 ± 6.7 mmol/l) patients (P < 0.001). Each 10‐unit increase in sodium at the time of referral to the weaning unit was associated with a 2.5‐day (95% CI −0.4, 5.4; P = 0.09) prolongation of stay in the weaning unit. Although significant differences in microbiological agents from tracheal aspiration were seen, the infection rate on the weaning unit was similar in both groups. There was no difference in weaning unit mortality between surgical and medical ICU patients (18% vs. 23%; P = 0.41).ConclusionFew differences were found between patients being referred to a specialized weaning unit from surgical vs. medical ICUs. Besides differences in microbiological characteristics of tracheal secretions, there were also differences in sodium levels, which appear to influence on treatment duration.
Hereditary angioedema: death after a dental extraction
Authors: Forrest A , Milne N , Soon A 
Published: August 2016

AbstractHereditary angioedema (HAE) is a group of three uncommon and potentially fatal conditions, each of which is transmitted as a somatic dominant trait. A recognized trigger to attacks is dental treatment, with tooth extraction frequently reported in the published work. The clinical symptoms may not manifest for many hours or even days after the procedure. We describe a recent case in Australia in which death resulted from HAE following dental extraction, and we discuss its post‐mortem presentation and diagnosis, highlighting the need for dental practitioners to be aware of this condition.
Azithromycin as an adjunct to non‐surgical periodontal therapy: a systematic review
Authors: O'Rourke VJ 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the current published work relating to the clinical benefits of the use of systemic azithromycin as an adjunct to non‐surgical periodontal therapy. A published work search of PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials up to 27 April 2016 was undertaken. The large degree of heterogeneity in the types of studies, treatment protocols, test subjects, sample size and exclusion criteria indicated that the use of narrative synthesis of all relevant studies was a valid method of review. Of the 194 eligible studies, 15 were found to be of relevance. The majority of studies demonstrated an additional clinical benefit when azithromycin is used as an adjunct to non‐surgical periodontal therapy, particularly in deeper pockets (≥6 mm). In conclusion, the current body of research on the adjunctive use of systemic azithromycin in non‐surgical periodontal therapy suggests there is a clinical benefit and that this benefit is greatest in deeper initial pockets (≥6 mm). The findings also suggest that future studies need to be more careful in subject selection to identify susceptible patients or at risk sites, both the immunoregulatory effects and antibiotic resistance of azithromycin needs to be reported, and that study populations need to be more homogeneous.
Abdominal aortic aneurysm repair in New Zealand: a validation of the Australasian Vascular Audit
Authors: Khashram Manar , Thomson Ian A. , Jones Gregory T. , Roake Justin A. 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundIn New Zealand (NZ), there are two major sources of operative data for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair: the Australasian Vascular Audit (AVA) and the National Minimum Data Set (NMDS). Since the introduction of the AVA in NZ, there has not been any attempt at the validation of outcome data. The aims of this study were to report the outcomes of AAA repair and validate the AAA data captured by AVA using the NMDS.Methods
AAA procedures performed in NZ from January 2010 to December 2014 were extracted from the AVA and NMDS. Patients identified from the AVA had their survival status matched to the NMDS. Only primary AAA procedures were included for the analysis, with re‐interventions and graft infections excluded. Demographical, risk factors and outcome data were used for validation.ResultsThe number of patients undergoing primary AAA procedure from AVA and NMDS was 1713 and 2078, respectively. The AVA inpatient mortality for elective and rupture AAA was 1.6 and 32.2%, respectively. The NMDS 30‐day mortality from AAA was 2.5 and 31.5%. Overall, 1604 patients were available for matching, and the NMDS correctly reported 98.1% of endovascular aneurysm repair and 94.2% of elective AAA repairs; however, there were major differences in comorbidity reporting between the data sets.ConclusionBoth data sets were incomplete, but combining administrative (NMDS) and clinical (AVA) data sets provided a more accurate assessment of mortality figures. More than 80% of AAA repairs are captured by AVA, but further work to improve compliance and comorbidity documentation is required.
Laparoscopic mesh repair for lumbar hernia after iliac crest bone harvest
Authors: Matsuda Akihisa , Miyashita Masao , Matsumoto Satoshi , Sakurazawa Nobuyuki , Kawano Yoichi , Matsutani Takeshi , Uchida Eiji 
Published: August 2016

AbstractLumbar hernia after iliac crest bone harvest is relatively rare. When it does occur, it presents as a flank abdominal protrusion through a lateroposterior abdominal wall defect. A laparoscopic approach for this type of hernia is reported to have advantages over the classic open method. Here, we present a case of a 49‐year‐old Caucasian man who presented with an enlarged left flank mass after iliac bone harvest for pseudarthrosis. He had undergone open onlay mesh repair for inferior lumbar hernia, but the hernia recurred 3 months postoperatively. Laparoscopic intraperitoneal onlay mesh repair using a composite mesh was performed 7 months after recurrence. The patient was discharged 6 days postoperatively without complications. No signs of recurrence were detected during 1‐year follow‐up period. The laparoscopic approach for lumbar hernia conferred excellent visualization of the hernia defect and enabled a safe mesh repair using intra‐abdominal pressure to hold it in position. This approach provided all the benefits of minimally invasive surgery.
Development in attention functions and social processing: Evidence from the Attention Network Test
Authors: Federico Francesca , Marotta Andrea , Martella Diana , Casagrande Maria 
Published: August 2016

According to the attention network approach, attention is best understood in terms of three functionally and neuroanatomically distinct networks – alerting, orienting, and executive attention. Recent findings showed that social information influences the efficiency of these networks in adults. Using some social and non‐social variants of the Attentional Network Test (ANT), this study was aimed to evaluate the development of the three attention networks in childhood, also assessing the development of the ability to manage social or non‐social conflicting information. Sixty‐six children (three groups of 6, 8, and 10 years of age) performed three variants of the original ANT, using fish, schematic, or real faces looking to the left or right as target and flanker stimuli. Results showed an improvement from 6 to 8 and 10 years of age in reaction time (RT) and accuracy, together with an improvement of executive control and a decrement in alerting. These developmental changes were not unique to social stimuli, and no differences were observed between social and no‐social variants of the ANT. However, independently from the age of the children, a real face positively affected the executive control (as indexed by RTs) as compared to both a schematic face and a fish. Findings of this study suggest that attentional networks are still developing from 6 to 10 years of age and underline the importance of face information in modulating the efficiency of executive control.
Statement of contribution

What is already known?

Younger children made more errors and slower reaction times (RTs) than older children, in line with the majority of the past selective attention studies.

Younger children showed both greater conflict and alerting effect than older children. The prediction that younger children would display larger interference effects than older children was supported.

What does this study add?

Extending the findings observed in adults and children, independently from their age, demonstrated greater cognitive interference (i.e., slower RTs and higher percentage of errors to incongruent relative to congruent conditions) when fish and schematic faces were presented than when photographs of real faces were used as stimuli.

Like adults, children have a greater ability in the control of social information as compared to non‐social information.

These results seem to indicate that the ability to handle social conflicts proceeds in parallel with the ability to manage non‐social conflicting information.
In vivoevaluation of shark teeth‐derived bioapatites
Authors: López‐Álvarez Miriam , Vigo Eva , Rodríguez‐Valencia Cosme , Outeiriño‐Iglesias Verónica , González Pío , Serra Julia 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe present work proposes the shark teeth as a new source of bioapatites for bone filler applications in maxillary sinus elevation, periodontal regeneration or implants placement. This abundant fishing by‐product provides an improved hydroxyapatite (HA) with fluorine contributions. Thein vivoevaluation of osteointegration and bone mineral density levels promoted by these marine bioapatites was the main objective.Materials and MethodsMarine bioapatite granules of two sizes (1 mm, <20 μm) were obtained and characterized (XRD,SEM,ICP‐OES) to determine morphology and composition.In vivoevaluation was performed, after bioapatites implantation in critical defects of parietal bone of 25 rats, for 3 weeks. Commercial syntheticHA/βTCP(60/40%) material and unfilled defects were used as controls. Radiology, micro‐CT, histology and quantification of bone mineral density are presented.ResultsThese marine bioapatites presented a globular porous morphology. A biphasic composition ~70% apatitic (HA, apatite‐CaF, fluorapatite) and ~30% non‐apatitic phase (whitlockite, tricalcium bis(orthophosphate)), with contributions of F (1.0 ± 0.5%wt), Na (0.9 ± 0.2%wt) and Mg (0.65 ± 0.04%wt) was confirmed. After implantation period, higher osteointegration of 1‐mm marine bioapatites than commercial synthetic granules was observed, together with bone formation from the defect surroundings but also at central area (potential osteoinductive properties). New bone cells penetrated inside pores and inter‐granular cavities. Higher bone mineral density, in both 1‐mm and <20‐μm granules, than on commercial synthetic graft was determined, being significant in 1‐mm bioapatites (aP < 0.05).ConclusionShark teeth bioapatites were successfully validated as new functionally efficient bone filler in rat model, promoting significantly increased bone mineral density than synthetic control.
Microarray expression in peri‐implant tissue next to different titanium implant surfaces predicts clinical outcomes: a split‐mouth study
Authors: Menini M. , Dellepiane E. , Baldi D. , Longobardi M. G. , Pera P. , Izzotti A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectivesThis split‐mouth study evaluated miRNA expression of tissues around implants with different surface treatments.Material and methodsEach patient of the sample (five men and five women) received two implants (one control and one test) into an edentulous quadrant to support fixed partial dentures. The control implants (Osseotite) had a dual acid‐etched (DAE) surface in the apical portion and a machined coronal part, test implants (Full Osseotite, FOSS) were completely DAE. Machined healing abutments were placed on control implants and DAE abutments on test ones. All implants were assigned codes for blinding. Standardized periapical radiographs were taken at baseline, 2 and 6 months, and 1 year after surgery. Plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), and probing depth (PD) were recorded at 3 and 6 weeks, and 2, 3, 6, and 12 months post‐implant placement. After 3 months, a mini‐invasive sample of soft tissue was collected from seven patients (four women and three men) for miRNA microarray analysis.ResultsControl implants showed greater bone resorption (BR) and lower PI: this was not statistically significant. No statistically significant differences in BOP and PD appeared. miRNA modulated by implant surfaces as well as by other clinical conditions has been identified. miRNA microarray analysis revealed that: (i) implant sites with low PI and absence of BOP had a miRNA expression profile similar to those with plaque and absence of BOP; sites with high PI and high BOP had a different profile. (ii) Implant sites with BOP presented similar profiles independently from implant surface. (iii) Implant sites with high PI and normal BR differed from others for miRNA expression profile. (iv) Implant sites with normal BR despite high BOP differed from others. This profile resembled that of FOSS implants. (v) Implant surface affected BR; groups having similar BR clusterized differently according to the implant type.ConclusionsDAE surfaces induced lower BR and more plaque accumulation: This did not affect the health of soft tissues. miRNA analysis indicated that soft tissue inflammation is more related to gene expression profile than to plaque or to implant surface. Specific miRNA profile can protect implant sites from bleeding and BR irrespective of plaque accumulation.
Improving Law‐Enforcement Effectiveness and Efficiency in Protected Areas Using Ranger‐collected Monitoring Data
Authors: Critchlow Rob , Plumptre Andrew J. , Alidria Bazil , Nsubuga Mustapha , Driciru Margaret , Rwetsiba Aggrey , Wanyama F. , Beale Colin M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractProtected areas are fundamental for conservation, yet are constantly threatened by illegal activities, such as cattle encroachment and wildlife poaching, which reduce biodiversity. Law enforcement is an essential component of reducing illegal activities. Although necessary, law enforcement is costly and its effectiveness in the field is rarely monitored. Improving ranger patrol efficiency is likely to decrease illegal activity occurrence and benefit biodiversity conservation, without additional resource implications. Using ranger‐collected data, we develop a method to improve ranger patrol allocation, targeting different combinations of conservation priorities, and predict that detections of illegal activities can be greatly improved. In a field test in Queen Elizabeth Protected Area, Uganda, we increased detections of illegal activities in some cases by over 250% without a change in ranger resources. This easily implemented method can be used in any protected area where data on the distribution of illegal activities are collected, and improve law‐enforcement efficiency in resource‐limited settings.
Species traits and catchment‐scale habitat factors influence the occurrence of freshwater mussel populations and assemblages
Authors: Pandolfo Tamara J. , Kwak Thomas J. , Cope W. Gregory , Heise Ryan J. , Nichols Robert B. , Pacifici Krishna 
Published: August 2016

Summary

Conservation of freshwater unionid mussels presents unique challenges due to their distinctive life cycle, cryptic occurrence and imperilled status. Relevant ecological information is urgently needed to guide their management and conservation.

We adopted a modelling approach, which is a novel application to freshwater mussels to enhance inference on rare species, by borrowing data among species in a hierarchical framework to conduct the most comprehensive occurrence analysis for freshwater mussels to date. We incorporated imperfect detection to more accurately examine effects of biotic and abiotic factors at multiple scales on the occurrence of 14 mussel species and the entire assemblage of the Tar River Basin of North Carolina, U.S.A.

The single assemblage estimate of detection probability for all species was 0.42 (95% CI, 0.36–0.47) with no species‐ or site‐specific detection effects identified. We empirically observed 15 mussel species in the basin but estimated total species richness at 21 (95% CI, 16–24) when accounting for imperfect detection.

Mean occurrence probability among species ranged from 0.04 (95% CI, 0.01–0.16) for Alasmidonta undulata, an undescribed Lampsilis sp., and Strophitus undulatus to 0.67 (95% CI, 0.42–0.86) for Elliptio icterina. Median occurrence probability among sites was <0.30 for all species with the exception of E. icterina. Site occurrence probability generally related to mussel conservation status, with reduced occurrence for endangered and threatened species.

Catchment‐scale abiotic variables (stream power, agricultural land use) and species traits (brood time, host specificity, tribe) influenced the occurrence of mussel assemblages more than reach‐ or microhabitat‐scale features.

Our findings reflect the complexity of mussel ecology and indicate that habitat restoration alone may not be adequate for mussel conservation. Catchment‐scale management can benefit an entire assemblage, but species‐specific strategies may be necessary for successful conservation. The hierarchical multispecies modelling approach revealed findings that could not be elucidated by other means, and the approach may be applied more broadly to other river basins and regions. Accurate measures of assemblage dynamics, such as occurrence and species richness, are required to create management plans for effective conservation.
Riverine networks constrain β‐diversity patterns among fish assemblages in a large Neotropical river
Authors: Vitorino Júnior Oscar B. , Fernandes Rodrigo , Agostinho Carlos S. , Pelicice Fernando M. 
Published: August 2016

Summary

Riverine metacommunities have been studied mainly in streams and headwaters, and little is known about how dendritic networks affect metacommunity structure in large river systems. We, therefore, examined fish assemblages in the Upper Tocantins River, Amazon Basin, to investigate the hypothesis that riverine networks constrain metacommunity structure. In particular, we investigated (i) taxonomic and functional β‐diversity along the river channel (main stem) and major tributaries (branches); (ii) the relative importance of the turnover and nestedness components; and (iii) the relationship between β‐diversity and spatial structure (the distance decay of similarity).

Fish assemblages were sampled over a year (2007–2008) at 17 sites distributed along the main stem (n = 8) and branches (n = 9). We recorded 170 fish species in the 100‐km river section studied. Local species richness ranged from 45 to 79, with higher mean values in the main stem; local assemblages, however, showed high functional richness, with no significant difference between the main stem and branches.

We observed that the turnover component contributed 87.7% of the variation in taxonomic β‐diversity (Jaccard), while the nestedness‐resultant contributed 12.3%. Taxonomic β‐diversity was on average 2.5 times higher than functional diversity, and taxonomic turnover was on average four times greater than functional turnover. In addition, a null model showed that observed values of functional β‐diversity were not different from random expectations, given the observed level of taxonomic β‐diversity. Branches showed higher species turnover, while significant distance decay of similarity was observed only along the main stem. Functional β‐diversity was not different between the main stem and branches and did not correlate with watercourse distance.

Our study revealed that fish metacommunity in this large river shows species turnover, but with high functional similarity. In addition, different β‐diversity patterns between the main stem and branches indicate that the dendritic network constrained metacommunity structure. Mass effects and dispersal limitations probably explain β‐diversity patterns in the main stem, while a combination of mechanisms (i.e., disturbance, specific biological functions and dispersal constraints) affect diversity in the branches.
Establishment of an appropriate fall prevention program: A community‐based study
Authors: Otaka Yohei , Morita Mitsuo , Mimura Toshio , Uzawa Mitsuyoshi , Liu Meigen 
Published: August 2016

AimTo identify an appropriate community‐based fall prevention programMethodsWe introduced two programs to 24 senior centers, “community salons,” in a Japanese city, and carried out a prospective controlled trial between 2004 and 2005. Eight salons (185 participants aged 72.0 ± 7.1 years) received a single‐visit program consisting of one multidisciplinary team visit that included fall risk assessment with feedback and a fall prevention lecture. A total of 16 salons (418 participants aged 73.6 ± 7.4 years) received a year‐round comprehensive program, with visits carried out every 3 months. We compared the fall rates for 1 year between the two programs. Based on the results, we implemented a modified program until 2014 and examined the long‐term consequences.ResultsIn the prospective controlled trial, fall rates did not differ significantly between programs (P = 0.449). Instead, fall rates for both programs decreased significantly by 0.89 (95% CI 0.84–0.94) times each month. Therefore, we implemented a modified version of the single‐visit program. By March 2014, the programs had been delivered to 1863 individuals, and the total number of attendees was 6622. The average attendance frequency per participant was 0.62 times per year. The majority (85.3%) of salons requested the program every year. Overall, the risk of falling (fall rates in the preceding year) decreased significantly as the number of program attendances increased (incident rate ratio = 0.89, 95% CI 0.85–0.92) irrespective of initial program types.ConclusionsThe programs including fall risk assessment with feedback and a fall prevention lecture reduced falls when embedded into the community, and they were accepted well over the course of 10 years. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 1081–1089.