bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic Treatment of Walled‐off Necrosis in Children
Authors: Bang Ji Young , Varadarajulu Shyam 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTObjectives:Data on the endoscopic treatment outcomes for walled‐off necrosis (WON) in children are limited. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic approach for the treatment of WON in children.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted of all children with symptomatic WON treated endoscopically over 6 years. Treatment consisted of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided transmural drainage using either a lumen‐apposing metal stent or multiple 7Fr double pigtail plastic stents with or without percutaneous drainage. Main outcome measures were technical success, treatment success, recurrence, reinterventions, and adverse events.Results:Six children (5 girls, median age 12 years) underwent endoscopic ultrasound‐guided WON drainage by creation of a single transmural tract in 5 patients and multiple transmural tracts in 1. Stents placed were plastic in 5 patients and lumen‐apposing metal stent in 1. One patient underwent concomitant percutaneous drainage. Treatment success was achieved in all of the 6 patients (100%) following a single intervention in 4 patients and 2 interventions in 2. No procedure‐related adverse events were encountered. At 8‐week follow‐up, the transmural stents were retrieved in all but 1 patient who had a disconnected pancreatic duct. At a median follow‐up of 781 days (interquartile range 336–869 days), no WON or symptom recurrence was encountered in any patient.Conclusions:Endoscopic treatment is effective, safe, and when available should be the first‐line modality for the management of WON in children.
Normalization Time of Celiac Serology in Children on a Gluten‐free Diet
Authors: Gidrewicz Dominica , Trevenen Cynthia L. , Lyon Martha , Butzner J. Decker 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTObjectives:Response to a gluten‐free diet (GFD) in children with celiac disease is determined by symptom resolution and normalization of serology. We evaluated the rate of normalization of the transglutaminase (TTG) and antiendomysial (EMA) for children on a GFD after diagnosis.Methods:Celiac serologies were obtained over 3.5 years after starting a GFD in 228 newly diagnosed children with biopsy‐proven celiac disease. Patients were classified into categories based on serology (group A, TTG ≥10 × upper limit of normal [ULN] and EMA ≥ 1:80; group B, TTG ≥10 × ULN and EMA ⩽ 1:40; and group C, TTG <10 × ULN) and by severity of histologic injury at diagnosis.Results:In children with the highest serology at diagnosis (group A), 79.7% had an abnormal TTG at 12 months after diagnosis (mean TTG 12 months, 68.8 ± 7.3, normal <20 kU/L). At 2 years, an abnormal TTG persisted in 41.7%. In contrast, only 35% of children with the lowest serology at diagnosis (group C) displayed an abnormal TTG at 12 months (mean TTG 14.3 ± 1.9 kU/L). In those with the most severe mucosal injury, Marsh 3C, 74.2% and 33.2% had an abnormal TTG at 1 and 2 years.Conclusions:Normalization of celiac serology took >1 year in approximately 75% of GFD‐compliant children with the highest celiac serology or most severe mucosal injury at diagnosis. Clinicians must consider serology and histology at diagnosis to properly evaluate response to GFD.
Treatment Zone Decentration During Orthokeratology on Eyes with Corneal Toricity
Authors: Maseedupally Vinod K. , Gifford Paul , Lum Edward , Naidu Rajeev , Sidawi Dyana , Wang Bingjie , Swarbrick Helen A. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To compare the magnitude of treatment zone decentration between eyes with minimally toric corneas (≤1.50 DC, LoTor group) and eyes with moderately toric corneas (1.50 to 3.50 DC, HiTor group) after a single overnight wear of spherical orthokeratology lenses.

Methods
In the LoTor group, 21 participants (9 M, 12 F, 20–40 years) were fitted using a conventional fitting approach based on the flat corneal meridian. In the HiTor group, 12 participants (5 M, 7 F, 19–45 years) were fitted using the conventional fitting method in one eye (HiTor group I) and the other eye was fitted with a lens with slightly deeper sagittal height (HiTor group II). In all groups, BE spherical orthokeratology trial contact lenses (Boston XO) were used and corneal topography data (Medmont E300) were obtained at baseline and after a single overnight wear. The magnitude of treatment zone decentration relative to vertex normal was determined from corneal topography refractive power difference maps. Treatment zone parameters including magnitude and direction of decentration were analyzed and related to baseline corneal parameters.

Results
After a single overnight wear, the mean magnitude of treatment zone decentration was 0.48 ± 0.20 mm in the LoTor group, 1.06 ± 0.57 mm in HiTor group I, and 0.95 ± 0.44 mm in HiTor group II. Treatment zone decentration in the LoTor group was significantly different from HiTor group I (p < 0.001), both fitted using a conventional fitting method. Treatment zone decentration was not significantly different between HiTor group I and II (p = 0.606). The magnitude of treatment zone decentration was positively correlated with the amount of baseline corneal toricity (LoTor and HiTor group I combined, p = 0.048).

Conclusions
Eyes with higher amounts of corneal toricity give rise to increased amounts of treatment zone decentration in overnight orthokeratology.
Ventricular Tachycardia
Authors: Jones Landon A. , Sullivan Ross W. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Commotio cordis is a rare event caused by an unfortunately timed blunt anterior chest wall impact that most commonly presents in young male adolescents and is the second leading cause of death in young athletes. The most common initial presenting dysrhythmias are ventricular fibrillation and asystole, although other rare dysrhythmias have been reported—predominantly in animal models. To our knowledge, this is the first telemetry-confirmed case of commotio cordis with a presenting cardiac rhythm of ventricular tachycardia. While prompt recognition of commotio cordis and early cardiopulmonary resuscitation and defibrillation (if applicable) are still the treatment in these cases, our case offers potential insight into the underlying commotio cordis process.
Pediatric Airway Management and Prehospital Patient Safety
Authors: Hansen Matthew , Meckler Garth , O'Brien Kerth , Engle Phillip , Dickinson Caitlin , Dickinson Kathryn , Jui Jonathan , Lambert William , Cottrell Erika , Guise Jeanne-Marie 
Published: June 2016

Objective
The objective of this study was to determine what aspects of prehospital pediatric airway management may contribute to patient safety events.

Methods
We conducted a 3-phase Delphi survey in prehospital professionals across the United States to identify potential contributors to patient safety events. Respondents ranked how likely factors were to contribute on a 9-point Likert-type scale and were allowed to elaborate through open-ended questions. Analysis was conducted using a mixed-methods approach, including Likert-type responses and open-ended questions which were analyzed for specific themes.

Results
All 3 phases of the survey were completed by 492 participants; 50.8% of respondents were paramedics, 22% were emergency medical technician-basics/first responders, and 11.4% were physicians. Seventy-five percent identified lack of experience with advanced airway management, and 44% identified medical decision making regarding airway interventions as highly likely to lead to safety events. Within the domain of technical skills, advanced airway management was ranked in the top 3 contributors to safety events by 71% of participants, and bag-mask ventilation by 18%. Qualitative analysis of questions within the domains of equipment and technical skills identified endotracheal intubation as the top contributor to safety events, with bag-mask ventilation second. In the domains of assessment and decision making, respiratory assessment and knowing when to perform an advanced airway were ranked most highly.

Conclusions
This national Delphi survey identified lack of experience with pediatric airway management and challenges in decision making in advanced airway management as high risk for safety events, with endotracheal intubation as the most likely of these.
Abdominal Cerebrospinal Fluid Pseudocyst Diagnosed by Point-of-Care Ultrasound
Authors: Ivan Yaron , Hauptman Jason , Marin Jennifer R. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Abdominal cerebrospinal fluid pseudocyst is an uncommon complication of ventriculoperitoneal shunt and is seen more commonly in the pediatric population. The diagnosis of an abdominal cerebrospinal fluid pseudocyst is typically made by ultrasonography, which demonstrates a simple or loculated fluid collection in the abdomen. We present a case of abdominal pseudocyst diagnosed by point-of-care ultrasound.
Brief Report: CD14brightCD16− monocytes and sCD14 level negatively associate with CD4-memory T-cell frequency and predict HCV-decline on therapy
Authors: Judge Chelsey J. , Sandberg Johan K. , Funderburg Nicholas T. , Sherman Kenneth E. , Butt Adeel A. , Kang Minhee , Landay Alan L. , Lederman Michael M. , Anthony Donald D. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract:During HIV+ hepatitis C virus (HCV)+ coinfection CD14brightCD16−monocytes produce soluble immune-activation markers that predict disease progression and poor response to interferon (IFN)-α treatment. We evaluated relationships among immune activation, monocyte phenotype, CD4-memory T cells, and HCV−, cytomegalovirus−, and cytomegalovirus/Epstein-Barr virus/influenza–specific IFN-γ-response before and during IFN-α treatment. Effector-memory and central-memory CD4 T-cell frequencies were lower in HCV+ HIV+ donors than in uninfected donors and correlated negatively with HCV level, CD14brightCD16−monocytes, and plasma sCD14. sCD14 and CD14brightCD16−monocytes negatively correlated with IFN-α–dependent HCV decline. CD4 effector-memory T cells positively associated with cytomegalovirus/Epstein-Barr virus/influenza(CEF)-specific IFN-γ response, while sCD14 negatively associated with both CD4 effector-memory T cells and CEF-specific IFN-γ response. These data support a role for memory-CD4 T cells in HCV containment and link immune activation and CD14brightCD16−-monocyte frequency to the failure of IFN-dependent HCV clearance.
Caudal Septal Support Versus Strut Graft in Achieving the Desired Lateral Profile in Rhinoplasty
Authors: Kucuker Ismail , Engin Murat Sinan , Aksakal Ibrahim Alper , Yosma Engin , Demir Ahmet 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Nasal tip support is critical to achieve a lasting result in rhinoplasty. In this article, the authors compared the effects of strut grafts (SG) and caudal septum-based nasal tip supporting techniques (CSB-T) in terms of reaching the desired tip projection.
Included in this study were 40 patients (24 women and 16 men) who underwent primary open rhinoplasty via transcolumellar incision between January and June 2012. To achieve a good nasal projection, SG and CSB-T were used for 15 and 25 of these patients, respectively.
Certain anatomic landmarks were identified on preoperative, simulative, and 1-year follow-up photos. With these landmarks, certain angular and proportional values were calculated.
In the SG, the authors found no statistically significant difference in between simulative goals and postoperative results regarding bending angle. Postoperative nasolabial angle (NLA), tip angle, subnasal-tip/subnasal-radix (SnT/SnR) ratios were significantly lower than the simulation values; radix angle and supratip index values were significantly higher.
In the CSB-T group, the authors found no statistically significant difference in between preoperative values and postoperative results regarding NLA, tip angle, bending angle, (SnT/SnR) ratio values. Postoperative supratip index and radix angle measurements were found to be significantly higher than the simulation values.
With these findings, the authors concluded that CSB-T support is superior than the SG for supporting the nasal tip in noses that also need shortening in caudal length. In noses that do not need caudal shortening, nasal tip projection can again be supported by the caudal septum by just forming a bridge between lower lateral cartilage and quadrangular septum using a wider SG that mimics septal extension grafts.
Open Versus Laparoscopic Surgery for Rectal Cancer: Single-Center Results of 587 Cases
Authors: Keskin Metin , Akici Murat , Ağcaoğlu Orhan , Yeğen Gülçin , Sağlam Esra , Buğra Dursun , Bulut Mehmet T. , Balik Emre 
Published: June 2016

Purpose:
We aimed to compare the short-term and long-term results of laparoscopic and open rectal resections.

Methods:
A total of 587 rectal cancer patients were included. The main measures were demographic data, duration of surgery, early postoperative results, pathologic data, and long-term follow-up.

Results:
There were no significant differences in demographic data, morbidity rate, tumor location, and sphincter-preservation rates between the 2 groups. The duration of surgery (155 vs. 173 min, P<0.001), time to gas passage, defecation, and solid food intake and length of hospital stay were significantly shorter in the laparoscopic group than the open group (P<0.05). According to the univariate and multivariate analysis, laparoscopic surgery did not have an effect on local recurrence but had a favorable effect on survival rates.

Conclusions:
Laparoscopic rectal surgery has advantages over open surgery with respect to short-term and long-term clinical results and when performed in high-volume centers.
Long-term Effect of Percutaneous Electrical Neurostimulation of Dermatome T6 for Appetite Reduction and Weight Loss in Obese Patients
Authors: Ruiz-Tovar Jaime , Llavero Carolina 
Published: June 2016

Introduction:
A continuous feeling of hunger is the major cause of dietary treatment failure and the patients abandon the diet. A previous study of our group demonstrated that percutaneous electrical neurostimulation (PENS) of T6 dermatome induces an appetite reduction and significantly greater weight loss compared with only diet as a preoperative measure in morbidly obese patients who are candidates for bariatric surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term effect of this therapy.

Patients and Methods:
A prospective study was performed, including obese patients with a body mass index between 30 and 40 kg/m2 undergoing PENS of dermatome T6. Weight loss, dietary compliance, and appetite were assessed before the treatment, after 12 weeks of treatment, and 3 and 9 months after completing the therapy.

Results:
A total of 150 patients were included in the study. A mean weight loss of 11.8±2.6 kg was obtained after 12 weeks of treatment. Three months after completing the therapy, mean weight loss was 14.6±2.7 kg and 9 months after completing the treatment mean weight loss was 14.5±2.8 kg. Median appetite perception quantified by Visual Analogue Scale was 6 before the treatment, 1 after completing the treatment, 1 at 3 months after completing the treatment, and 4 at 9 months after completing the treatment. Dietary compliance after 12 weeks of treatment was 90%, 84% at 3 months after completing the treatment, and 62% at 9 months after completing the treatment.

Conclusion:
PENS of dermatome T6 achieves a significant appetite reduction, which is maintained 3 months after completing the therapy. Later, the patients’ appetite is restored, but they do not regain the weight lost.
How strong is the evidence that Parkinson's disease is a prion disorder?
Authors: Brundin Patrik , Ma Jiyan , Kordower Jeffrey H. 
Published: June 2016

Purpose of review
We describe evidence supporting the hypothesis that α-synuclein has a prion-like role in Parkinson's disease and related α-synucleinopathies, and discuss how this novel thinking impacts the development of diagnostics and disease-modifying therapies.

Recent findings
Observations that immature dopamine neurons grafted to Parkinson's disease patients can develop Lewy bodies triggered a surge of interest in the putative prion-like properties of α-synuclein. We recount results from experiments which confirm that misfolded α-synuclein can exhibit disease-propagating properties, and describe how they relate to the spreading of α-synuclein aggregates in α-synucleinopathies. We share insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms and their relevance to novel therapeutic targets. Finally, we discuss what the initial triggers of α-synuclein misfolding might be, where in the body the misfolding events might take place, and how this can instruct development of novel diagnostic tools. We speculate that differences in anatomical trigger sites and variability in α-synuclein fibril structure can contribute to clinical differences between α-synucleinopathies.

Summary
The realization that α-synuclein pathology can propagate between brain regions in neurodegenerative diseases has deepened and expanded our understanding of potential pathogenic processes which can lead to the development of novel diagnostic tools as well as the identification of new therapeutic targets.
Tuning noninvasive brain stimulation with MRI to cope with intersubject variability
Authors: Habich Annegret , Canals Santiago , Klöppel Stefan 
Published: June 2016

Purpose of review
The review aims at highlighting the additional benefit that can be gained from combining noninvasive brain stimulation as well as repetitive sensory stimulation protocols with MRI techniques to account for the intersubject variability observed in those treatments. Potentially, this should help to identify predictive patterns in the individual receptiveness to the treatment.

Recent findings
Knowledge about the underlying physiological principles of excitability changes as induced by noninvasive brain stimulation or repetitive sensory stimulation is accumulating, revealing strong associations with plasticity processes at the synaptic level. In this context, MRI techniques, such as magnetic resonance spectroscopy and functional MRI, emerged as valuable tools for the qualitative assessment of baseline states and induced changes. Those physiological readouts can help explain the interindividual heterogeneity found in behavioural and/or clinical responses to the specific stimulation protocols. This knowledge will eventually translate, first, into the preliminary classification of study participants into treatment groups according to their neurophysiological baseline state and expected responses to a particular stimulation. Subsequently, this should also aid the optimization of stimulation protocols according to the classification outcome, resulting in retuned protocols for particular groups of study participants.

Summary
The consistent MRI-based monitoring of stimulation effects in the neural network promises a considerable gain for the customization of intervention protocols with improved therapeutic potential and rehabilitative predictions.
Common Use of Electroconvulsive Therapy for Chinese Adolescent Psychiatric Patients
Authors: Zhang Qing-E , Wang Zhi-Min , Sha Sha , Ng Chee H. , Seiner Stephen J. , Welch Charles A. , Lok Grace K.I. , Chow Ines H.I. , Wang Fei , Li Lu , Xiang Yu-Tao 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
Little is known about the use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for adolescent psychiatric patients in China. This study examined the frequency of ECT and the demographic and clinical correlates of adolescent psychiatric patients hospitalized in a tertiary psychiatric hospital in China.

Methods
This was a retrospective chart review of 954 inpatients aged between 13 and 17 years treated over a period of 8 years (2007–2013). Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected from the electronic chart management system for discharged patients.

Results
The rate of ECT use was 42.6% in the whole sample (46.5% for patients with schizophrenia, 41.8% for major depressive disorder, 57.8% for bipolar disorders, and 23.9% for other diagnoses). Use of ECT was independently and positively associated with older age, high aggression risk at time of admission, and use of antipsychotics and antidepressants. Compared with patients with schizophrenia, those with other psychiatric diagnoses were less likely to receive ECT. The above significant correlates explained 32% of the variance of ECT use (P < 0.001). Limitations of this study included the lack of data regarding the efficacy and side effects of ECT. Furthermore, the high rate of ECT applied only to 1 setting which limits the ability to extrapolate the implications of the results to other populations.

Conclusions
The use of ECT was exceedingly high in adolescent patients treated in a tertiary clinical centre in China. It is unlikely that such a high rate of ECT use is found across China or that such practice reflects standard of care for psychiatrically ill adolescents. The underlying reasons for the high use of ECT at this center warrant urgent investigations.
Dnmts mediate neural processing after odor learning in the honeybee
Authors: Biergans Stephanie D. , Claudianos Charles , Reinhard Judith , Galizia C. Giovanni 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDNA methyltransferases (Dnmts)-epigenetic writers catalyzing the transfer of methyl-groups to cytosine-regulate stimulus-specific olfactory long-term memory (LTM) formation and extinction in honeybees. The physiological relevance of their function in neural networks, however, remains unknown. Here, we investigated how Dnmts impact neuroplasticity in the bees’ primary olfactory center, the antennal lobe (AL) an equivalent of the olfactory bulb of vertebrates. The AL is crucial for odor discrimination, an indispensable process in stimulus-specific LTM. Using pharmacological inhibition, we show that Dnmts promote fast odor pattern separation in trained bees. We show Dnmt activity during memory formation increases both the number of responding glomeruli and the response magnitude to a novel odor. These data suggest that Dnmts are necessary for a form of homoeostatic network control which might involve inhibitory interneurons in the AL network and demonstrate that Dnmts influence neural network properties during memory formationin vivo.
Anticorrelation between default and dorsal attention networks varies across default subsystems and cognitive states
Authors: Dixon Matthew L. , Andrews-Hanna Jessica R. , Spreng R. Nathan , Irving Zachary C. , Christoff Kalina 
Published: June 2016

SummaryAnticorrelation between the default network (DN) and dorsal attention network (DAN) is thought to be an intrinsic aspect of functional brain organization reflecting competing functions. However, the stability of anticorrelations across distinct DN subsystems, different contexts, and time, remains unexplored. Here we examine DN-DAN functional connectivity across six different cognitive states. We show that:(i) the DAN is anticorrelated with the DN core subsystem, but not with the two DN subsystems involved in mentalizing and mnemonic functions, respectively; (ii) DN-DAN interactions vary significantly across cognitive states; (iii) DN-DAN connectivity fluctuates across time between periods of anticorrelation and periods of positive correlation; and (iv) coupling between the frontoparietal control network (FPCN) and DAN predicts variation in the strength of DN-DAN anticorrelation across time. These findings reveal substantial variability in DN-DAN interactions, suggesting that these networks are not strictly competitive, and that the FPCN may act to modulate their anticorrelation strength.