bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behavioral and neurophysiological signatures of cognitive control in humans and rats
Authors: Linton Samantha R , Lees Ty , Iturra-Mena Ann , Kangas Brian D , Nowicki Genevieve , Lobien Rachel , Vitaliano Gordana , Bergman Jack , Carlezon William A , Pizzagalli Diego A 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Deficits in cognitive control are implicated in numerous neuropsychiatric disorders. However, relevant pharmacological treatments are limited, likely due to weak translational validity of applicable preclinical models used. Neural indices derived from electroencephalography may prove useful in comparing and translating the effects of cognition-enhancing drugs between species. In the current study, we aimed to extend our previous cross-species results by examining if methylphenidate (MPH) modulates behavioral and neural indices of cognitive control in independent cohorts of humans and rats.

Methods
We measured continuous electroencephalography data from healthy adults (n = 25; 14 female) and Long Evans rats (n = 22; 8 female) and compared both stimulus- and response-locked event-related potentials and spectral power measures across species, and their MPH-related moderation following treatment with vehicle (placebo) or 1 of 2 doses of MPH.

Results
Across both species, linear mixed effects modeling confirmed the expected Flanker interference effect on behavior (eg, accuracy) and response-related event-related potentials. Unexpectedly, in contrast to past work, we did not observe any task-related effects on the spectral power of rodents. Moreover, MPH generally did not modulate cognitive control of either species, although some species-specific patterns offer insight for future research.

Conclusions
Collectively, these findings in independent human and rodent subjects replicate some of our previously reported behavioral and neurophysiological patterns partly consistent with the notion that similar neural mechanisms may regulate cognitive control in both species. Nonetheless, these results showcase an approach to accelerate translation using a coordinated between-species platform to evaluate pro-cognitive treatments.
Finitely Presented Kernels of Homomorphisms From Hyperbolic Groups Onto Free Abelian Groups
Authors: Kropholler Robert , Llosa Isenrich Claudio 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
For every $m\geq 2$ we produce an example of a non-hyperbolic finitely presented subgroup $H &lt; G$ of a hyperbolic group $G$, which is the kernel of a surjective homomorphism $\phi : G\to{\mathbb Z}^{m}$. The examples we produce are of finiteness type $F_{2}$ and not $F_{3}$.
CpG-Adjuvanted Virus-like Particle Vaccine Induces Protective Immunity Against Leishmania donovani Infection
Authors: Yoon Keon-Woong , Chu Ki Back , Eom Gi-Deok , Mao Jie , Moon Eun-Kyung , Kim Sung Soo , Quan Fu-Shi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis poses a significant public health challenge due to the lack of an approved human vaccine. We attempted to enhance the efficacy of virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines expressing the Leishmania donovani promastigote surface antigen (LdPSA) by adjuvanting with CpG oligodeoxynucleotide. Here, we evaluated adjuvanted vaccine-induced immune responses and their efficacies in mice challenged with mCherry-expressing L donovani promastigotes. Adjuvanted LdPSA-VLP vaccination significantly elevated parasite-specific IgG serum antibody levels. Additionally, vaccinated mice exhibited enhanced germinal center B cells and splenic T-cell activities as compared with unimmunized mice. Importantly, adjuvanted LdPSA-VLPs reduced the levels of inflammatory cytokines interferon γ and interleukin 6 in visceral organs, leading to decreased total parasite burden and protection against L donovani challenge. Our findings indicate that CpG oligodeoxynucleotide enhanced the protection conferred by LdPSA-VLPs, offering a promising step toward effective visceral leishmaniasis vaccine development.
Differential frequency of persister cells in clinically derived isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa after exposure to cefiderocol and ceftolozane/tazobactam
Authors: Fouad Aliaa , Nicolau Samantha E , Tamma Pranita D , Simner Patricia J , Nicolau David P , Gill Christian M 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Bacterial persistence is a phenomenon whereby a subpopulation of bacteria survive high concentrations of an active antibiotic in the absence of phenotypic alterations. Persisters are associated with chronic and recurrent infections for pathogens including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Understanding persister profiles of newer antibiotics such as cefiderocol and ceftolozane/tazobactam against P. aeruginosa is warranted as these agents generally target difficult-to-treat infections.

Methods
Persister formation was assessed using in vitro assays against nine clinical P. aeruginosa isolates exposed to cefiderocol or ceftolozane/tazobactam. Quantitative persister assays were performed using a stationary phase of bacteria challenged with 10-fold MIC drug concentrations. Persisters were quantitated as the percent persisters at 24 h and the log ratio (LR) difference in AUC for cfu for each antibiotic alone compared with growth control. The tolerance disc test (TDtest) was used to qualitatively detect persisters.

Results
Percent persisters at 24 h was lower with cefiderocol compared with ceftolozane/tazobactam for six of the nine tested isolates. Eight of the nine isolates had higher reduction in LR for cefiderocol groups, suggesting an overall higher and more rapid bacterial reduction in cefiderocol groups. For cefiderocol, five of the nine tested isolates lacked regrowth after replacement with glucose disc, suggesting no persistence via the TDtest. For ceftolozane/tazobactam, three isolates lacked persister formation.

Conclusions
Cefiderocol resulted in less bacterial persistence relative to ceftolozane/tazobactam against nine clinical P. aeruginosa isolates. Cefiderocol’s siderophore mechanism may be advantageous over ceftolozane/tazobactam through enhanced anti-persister effects. Clinical correlation of these findings is warranted as persisters can lead to antibiotic resistance and treatment failure.
Enhancing the volatile organic compound and biomass production by three biocontrol potential bacteria in corn steep liquor growth medium and development of cell freeze-drying process
Authors: Villanova Valeria , Andreolli Marco , Lampis Silvia , Panighel Annarita , Flamini Riccardo , Forte Vally , Zapparoli Giacomo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Aims
This study investigates the traits of three plant growth-promoting (PGP) and antagonistic bacteria, Pseudomonas protegens MP12, Bacillus sp. 3R4, and Bacillus sp. T22, to assess their potential application as biocontrol agents by using the ecofriendly and low-cost substrate Corn Steep Liquor (CSL) medium. Analyses of antagonism through volatile organic compounds (VOCs) production, biofilm formation, and growth performance were carried out.

Methods and results
Dual antagonism assay showed that all strains displayed significant antagonistic activity against Botrytis cinerea through VOCs. Gas chromatography demonstrated that strains in the CSL exhibited higher VOCs production than nutrient medium. Moreover, enhanced biofilm formation analysed by Calgary Biofilm Device, growth, and biomass were noted in CSL cultures. Pseudomonas protegens MP12, which showed higher cell concentration and biomass yield, was selected for freeze-drying treatments. Storage cell viability assays evidenced that it can be effectively preserved for nearly 7 months at 4°C.

Conclusion
The results here obtained showed that CLS medium enhanced VOCs production, biofilm formation, growth, and biomass of the antagonistic bacteria of the three strains. Eventually, the more effective strain P. protegens MP12 can be stored for nearly 7 months at 4°C.
Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor via indole derivatives is a common feature in skin bacterial isolates
Authors: Elias Abigail E , McBain Andrew J , Aldehalan Faye A , Taylor George , O'Neill Catherine A 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Aims
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated receptor implicated in many inflammatory disorders. The skin microbiota plays a crucial role in maintaining epidermal barrier integrity and is thought to modulate skin homeostasis partly through the production of AhR ligands, including metabolites of microbial tryptophan metabolism such as indole derivatives. Here, we report the skin microbiota that activate AhR and their unique tryptophan metabolite profiles.

Methods and results
Of the bacteria isolated from healthy human skin and screened for the ability to metabolize tryptophan (18 species, five genera), 14 were positive. The tryptophan metabolites of 10 positive and two negative bacteria were then characterized using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Whole genome sequencing confirmed the presence of key genes involved in the indole-3-pyruvic acid pathway within the genomes of indole-3-acetaldehyde, indole-3-acetic acid, and indole-3-aldehyde-producing organisms. A cell-based luciferase reporter gene assay identified functional agonist activity against human AhR in the culture supernatants of 12 of the 18 species tested. High indole derivative-producing organisms induced potent AhR activation.

Conclusions
These data demonstrate the relationship between skin microbiota, tryptophan metabolites, and AhR activation.
Hip geometry and strength remain stable the first year after kidney transplantation—an ibandronate/placebo post hoc analysis
Authors: Strømmen Ruth C , Godang Kristin , Hovd Markus H , Finnes Trine E , Smerud Knut , Hartmann Anders , Åsberg Anders , Bollerslev Jens , Pihlstrøm Hege K 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The sensitivity of bone mineral density (BMD) to identify patients with high fracture risk after kidney transplantation is low, therefore alternative tools are needed. Hip Structure Analysis (HSA) provides an estimation of hip structural geometry and strength based on conventional DXA scans for hip analyses. We aimed to investigate the effect of antiresorptive therapy on hip geometrical and strength parameters by HSA. In a post hoc analysis of a 12-month randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluating the effect of ibandronate in addition to active vitamin D and calcium in kidney transplant recipients (KTR), we re-analyzed dual total hip and femoral neck DXA scans to measure cortical bone thickness (CBT) in the femoral neck (CBTNECK), calcar (CBTCALCAR), and shaft (CBTSHAFT), along with femur neck width, hip axis length, and to estimate buckling ratio and strength index. DXA measurements were performed within 5 weeks after transplantation and repeated at 10 weeks and 1-year post-transplant. The study included a total of 127 de novo KTR with estimated glomerular filtration rate &gt;30 mL/min at baseline. The 5 geometrical and the strength and stability hip parameters remained stable over the first post-transplant year irrespective of antiresorptive therapy. We detected no statistically significant between-group differences in any of the HSA measures. Change in geometrical hip parameters and buckling ratio over the study duration was not correlated with change in plasma parathyroid hormone or change in dual total hip BMD. In this study, the so far largest of HSA in KTR, antiresorptive therapy with ibandronate for 12 months did not affect measures of hip geometry or strength.
Clinical Trial Registration: www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00423384, EudraCT number 2006-003884-30.
The evolution of thermal performance curves in fungi farmed by attine ant mutualists in above-ground or below-ground microclimates
Authors: Hess Oscar C J , van der Deure Tiem , Bolander Mille , Leal Dutra Caio A , Shik Jonathan Z 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Fungi are abundant and ecologically important at a global scale, but little is known about whether their thermal adaptations are shaped by biochemical constraints (i.e., the hotter is better model) or evolutionary tradeoffs (i.e., the specialist-generalist model). We tested these hypotheses by generating thermal performance curves of fungal cultivars farmed by six species of Panamanian fungus-farming “attine” ants. These fungi represent evolutionary transitions in farming strategies, as four cultivars are farmed by ants below ground at stable temperatures near 25 °C and two cultivars are farmed above ground at variable temperatures. We generated thermal performance curves using a common garden experiment confining fungal isolates to different temperatures and then used a Bayesian hierarchical modelling approach to compare competing temperature sensitivity models. Some thermal performance traits differed consistently across farming strategies, with above-ground cultivars having: (1) higher tolerance to low temperatures (CTLmin) and (2) higher maximum growth rate at the optimal temperature (rmax). However, two core assumptions shared by the hotter is better model or specialist-generalist model were not supported as above-ground cultivars did not show systematic increases in either their optimal temperature (Topt) or thermal tolerance breadth. These results harness ant farming systems as long-term natural experiments to decouple the effects of environmental thermal variation and innate physiological temperature sensitivity on fungal thermal evolution. The results have clear implications for predicting climate warming-induced breaking points in animal-microbe mutualisms.
Eosinophil-airway epithelial cell crosstalk reveals the eosinophil-mediated DUOX1 upregulation in a murine allergic inflammation setting
Authors: Raggi Carla , Spadaro Francesca , Mattei Fabrizio , Gambardella Adriana Rosa , Noto Francesco , Andreone Sara , Signore Michele , Schiavoni Giovanna , Parolini Isabella , Afferni Claudia 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Blood and airway eosinophilia represent markers for the endotype-driven treatment of allergic asthma. Little is known on mechanisms that link eosinophils and airway epithelial cells before and after these cells are infiltrated by eosinophils during allergic response. Given that innate immune mechanisms, mainly mediated by epithelial-derived cytokines (interleukin [IL]-33, IL-25, TSLP [thymic stromal lymphopoietin]), induce eosinophil-maturing/attractive substances, we thought to evaluate the crosstalk between eosinophils and airway epithelial cells in the context of IL-33–mediated allergic inflammation. DUOX1 was previously described in clinically relevant aspects of allergic inflammation in a HDM -induced allergic asthma mice model, and in patients with chronic sinusitis or allergic asthma. Thus, we evaluated the involvement of HDM and eosinophils in the regulation of DUOX1 in airway epithelial cells. To recapitulate the lung environment present at the allergen challenge time in acute asthma, we set up an in vitro model based on murine bone marrow–derived eosinophils differentiated with IL-5 and then activated with IL-33 (EOs33) and TC1 or C57 airway epithelial cells. We found that treatment of epithelial cells with HDM induced an eosinophil-attractive environment and increased DUOX1 expression. Importantly, we found that the coculture of airway epithelial cells with EOs33 or with conditioned medium from EOs33 enhanced the expression of DUOX1, which was further increased by combined stimulation (HDM plus EOs33). Our results suggest that lung recruited eosinophils once activated by IL-33 could be involved in a crosstalk loop with airway epithelial cells by DUOX1-mediated IL-33 secretion.
Characteristics of the IgM repertoires in the peripheral blood of early rheumatoid arthritis patients
Authors: Hong Binbin , Li Qiulan , Liu Qiaoling , Huang Rongfu , Wang Mei’er , Guo Ziyue , Huang Jiewei , Wang Jiaqi , Fan Chunmei , Ying Tianlei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is a common autoimmune disease, but little is known about the characteristics of the B cell repertoires in the peripheral blood. In this study, the peripheral IgM repertoires of early rheumatoid arthritis (ERA) patients were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics analyses. Clonal expansion was observed in IgM repertoires of ERA patients. Interestingly, a subset of the dominant clones in ERA repertoires showed self- and polyreactivity to several autoantigens. The clones were also identified in IgM repertoires of healthy adults but they were not expanded, suggesting that they may originate from the natural autoreactive B cell repertoire. Additionally, the ERA repertoires exhibited a greater extent of somatic hypermutations, particularly in the ERA dominant clones, resulting in an enrichment of amino acids important for antigen-antibody interaction. The in-depth analysis of B cell repertoires improved our knowledge of the IgM repertoires in ERA, offering potential insights into the disease's pathogenesis.
Variation in species-specific responses to habitat fragmentation and land cover structure in urban small mammal communities
Authors: Larson Rachel N , Sander Heather A 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Urbanization is a key driver of habitat loss and fragmentation worldwide, yet many urban ecosystems contain vegetated habitat patches that support diverse wildlife communities. Managing urban systems to support robust wildlife communities requires us to understand the mechanisms that drive the response of species to the urban environment. Small mammals are key components of terrestrial ecosystems (e.g., seed predators, prey) and likely also carry out these roles in urban ecosystems; however, the effects of urbanization on small mammal communities are understudied. To identify how species-specific responses to urban environments shape community composition, we quantified both overall community and species-specific changes in small mammal abundance across an urbanization gradient in a Midwestern US metropolitan area. We combined small mammal trapping and land cover data to generate a hierarchical community abundance model. Species diversity increased with increasing proportional cover of human-modified land cover (i.e., impervious surfaces and turfgrass). This finding is driven by high species diversity on sites bordering streams in mowed parks and low diversity on sites with high tree canopy closure. Additionally, modeling results indicated that species responded differently to landscape attributes, leading to variation in small mammal community composition across the urbanization gradient: prairie-associated species tended to be more abundant in tall vegetation bordering mowed parks while habitat generalists tended to be more abundant on sites with greater canopy closure and shrub cover. Our results suggest that studies that focus on community-level responses (e.g., species richness) to urbanization may miss important species-specific responses. It may be particularly important to assess both species-specific and community-level responses in cities at ecotones (e.g., between forest and grassland) where species with different habitat requirements may replace one another in different types of green spaces, thereby changing community composition without affecting species diversity or richness. Our findings also indicate that vegetated urban patches, especially patches with tall vegetation cover and low canopy cover, are important habitat for prairie-associated small mammal communities, providing conservation options in heavily altered landscapes.
Narrative review of lifestyle interventions in breast cancer survivors: current evidence and future directions
Authors: Gabel Kelsey , Chakos Kaitlin , Oliveira Manoela Lima , Sanchez Perez Julienne , Cares Kate , Lima Natalia Salvatierra , Ganschow Pamela , Yanez Betina , Gadi Vijayakrishna , Tussing-Humphreys Lisa 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
In 8 females, 1 will be diagnosed with breast cancer in their lifetime. Although medical advances have increased the likelihood of survival, up to 90% of females will gain weight during and after treatment increasing the risk of breast cancer recurrence and obesity-related comorbidities in survivorship. Behavioral lifestyle interventions focused on diet with or without physical activity can provide breast cancer survivors nonpharmacological options to decrease weight gain and cardiometabolic risk.

Method
A PubMed search was conducted to identify all behavioral lifestyle interventions focused on diet or diet combined with physical activity longer than 4 weeks of duration in breast cancer survivors that included body weight as an outcome. This review aims to summarize the effects on body weight, body composition, and cardiometabolic risk markers.

Results
The review shows there is high heterogeneity in type and duration of the intervention to affect weight and cardiometabolic risk in survivorship. Calorie restriction with and without physical activity appears to promote weight loss among breast cancer survivors. However, the effects on cardiometabolic factors are less clear.

Conclusions
Future studies should be powered for body weight and cardiometabolic effects. Researchers should also consider interventions that (1) are less complex, (2) recruit a more racially and ethnically diverse sample, (3) integrate resistance training, (4) implement the intervention in closer proximity to diagnosis, (5) target weight management in this population before it occurs, and (6) analyze body composition in addition to body weight measurements.
Hydrodynamic simulations of white dwarf–white dwarf mergers and the origin of R Coronae Borealis stars
Authors: Shiber Sagiv , De Marco Orsola , Motl Patrick M , Munson Bradley , Marcello Dominic C , Frank Juhan , Diehl Patrick , Clayton Geoffrey C , Skinner Bennett N , Kaiser Hartmut , Daiß Gregor , Pflüger Dirk , Staff Jan E 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
We study the properties of double white dwarf (DWD) mergers by performing hydrodynamic simulations using the new and improved adaptive mesh refinement code octo-tiger. We follow the orbital evolution of DWD systems of mass ratio $q=0.7$ for tens of orbits until and after the merger to investigate them as a possible origin for R Coronae Borealis (RCB) type stars. We reproduce previous results, finding that during the merger, the helium WD donor star is tidally disrupted within 20–80 min since the beginning of the simulation onto the accretor carbon–oxygen WD, creating a high temperature shell around the accretor. We investigate the possible helium burning in this shell and the merged object’s general structure. Specifically, we are interested in the amount of oxygen-16 dredged-up from the accretor to the hot shell and the amount of oxygen-18 produced. This is critical as the discovery of very low oxygen-16 to oxygen-18 ratios in RCB stars pointed out the merger scenario as a favourable explanation for their origin. A small amount of hydrogen in the donor may help keep the oxygen-16 to oxygen-18 ratios within observational bounds, even if moderate dredge-up from the accretor occurs. In addition, we perform a resolution study to reconcile the difference found in the amount of oxygen-16 dredge-up between smoothed-particle hydrodynamics and grid-based simulations.