bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On Martin's Axiom and Forms of Choice
Authors: Tachtsis Eleftherios 
Published: April 2016

Martin's Axiom is the statement that for every well‐ordered cardinal , the statement holds, where is “if is a c.c.c. quasi order and is a family of dense sets in P, then there is a ‐generic filter of P”. In , the fragment is provable, but not in general in . In this paper, we investigate the interrelation between and various choice principles.In the choiceless context, it makes sense to drop the requirement that the cardinal κ be well‐ordered, and we can define for any (not necessarily well‐ordered) cardinal the statement to be “if is a c.c.c. quasi order with , and is a family of dense sets in P, then there is a ‐generic filter of P”. We then define to be the statement that for every (not necessarily well‐ordered) cardinal , we have that holds. We then investigate the set‐theoretic strength of the principle .
Neuroimaging of classic neuralgic amyotrophy
Authors: Lieba‐Samal Doris , Jengojan Suren , Kasprian Gregor , Wöber Christian , Bodner Gerd 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Neuralgic amyotrophy (NA) often imposes diagnostic problems. Recently, MRI and high‐resolution ultrasound (HRUS) have proven useful in diagnosing peripheral nerve disorders. Methods: We performed a chart and imaging review of patients who were examined using neuroimaging and who were referred because of clinically diagnosed NA between March 1, 2014 and May 1, 2015. Results: Six patients were included. All underwent HRUS, and 5 underwent MRI. Time from onset to evaluation ranged from 2 weeks to 6 months. HRUS showed segmental swelling of all clinically affected nerves/trunks. Atrophy of muscles was detected in those assessed >1 month after onset. MRI showed T2‐weighted hyperintensity in all clinically affected nerves, except for the long thoracic nerve, and denervation edema of muscles. Conclusions: HRUS and MRI are valuable diagnostic tools in NA. This could change the diagnostic approach from one now focused on excluding other disorders to confirming NA through imaging markers. Muscle Nerve 54: 1079–1085, 2016
Physics‐based simulation of multiple interacting crack growth in brittle rocks driven by thermal cooling
Authors: Huang Hai , Meakin Paul , Malthe‐Sorenssen Anders 
Published: April 2016

SummaryCrack growth in hot brittle rocks, driven by thermal cooling, was simulated using a coupled two‐dimensional discrete element and heat transport model that explicitly includes the random initiation and subsequent propagation of interacting cracks. The model clearly predicts that a quasi‐hierarchical array of subparallel cracks, oriented along the direction of the temperature gradient, is formed under small to moderately large thermally generated strain load conditions. The simulation results also demonstrate that, after an initial transient, thermal cracks propagate in a stable fashion with a velocity that scales with ~ t− 1/2. However, under large thermal strain loads, a more complicated geometry composed of cracks that curve and coalesce develops during the later stages of crack growth. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microscale modeling of effective mechanical and electrical properties of textiles
Authors: Queiruga Alejandro , Zohdi Tarek 
Published: April 2016

SummaryA computational framework for assisting in the development of novel textiles is presented. Electronic textiles are key in the rapidly growing field of wearable electronics for both consumer and military uses. There are two main challenges to the modeling of electronic textiles: the discretization of the textile microstructure and the interaction between electromagnetic and mechanical fields. A director‐based beam formulation with an assumed electrical current is used to discretize the fabric at the level of individual fibrils. The open‐source package FEniCS was used to implement the finite element model. Contact integrals were added into the FEniCS framework so that multiphysics contact laws can be incorporated in the same framework, leveraging the code generation and automated differentiation capabilities of FEniCS to produce the tangents needed by the implicit solution method. The computational model is used to construct and determine the mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of a representative volume elements of a plain woven textile. Dynamic relaxation to solve the mechanical fields and the electrical and thermal fields is solved statically for a given mechanical state. The simulated electrical responses are fit to a simplified Kirchhoff network model to determine effective resistances of the textile. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Highlights from the 2015 North American Cystic Fibrosis Conference
Authors: Zemanick Edith T. , Ong Thida , Daines Cori L. , Dellon Elisabeth P. , Muhlebach Marianne S. , Esther Charles R. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryThe 29th Annual North American Cystic Fibrosis Conference was held in Phoenix, Arizona on October 8–10, 2015. Abstracts were published in a supplement to Pediatric Pulmonology.1 In this review, we summarize presentations in several of the topic areas addressed at the conference. Our goal is to provide an overview of presentations with relevance to emerging or changing concepts in several areas rather than a comprehensive review. Citations from the conference are by first author and abstract number or symposium number, as designated in the supplement. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2016;51:650–657. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Micellar Properties for Propoxylated Surfactants in Water/Alcohol Solvent Mixtures and Their Antibacterial and Polyester Fabric Antistatic Performances
Authors: Sun Yongqiang , Wang Chao , Wang Wanxu , Yang Xiuquan , Di Serio Martino , Zhi Lifei 
Published: April 2016

AbstractTwo propoxylated quaternary amine surfactants characterized by two and six average PO adduct numbers (PO‐2 and PO‐6 QA surfactants) were synthesized to investigate the micellar properties of propoxylated cationic surfactants in water/alcohol mixtures. The effect of PPO groups on micelle formation was explored using conductivity, UV–vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering techniques. Regular or reverse micellization occur with water or alcohol rich solvent mixtures, respectively. For intermediate composition no micellization occurs. Also the performances in antibacterial and antistatic fabrics were studied. PO‐2 QA surfactant has excellent antibacterial activities against both the Gram‐negative bacterium Escherichia coli and the Gram‐positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus while both surfactants have good antistatic activity over polyester fabric.
Cinnamomum camphora Seed Kernel Oil Improves Lipid Metabolism and Enhances β3‐Adrenergic Receptor Expression in Diet‐Induced Obese Rats
Authors: Fu Jing , Zeng Cheng , Zeng Zheling , Wang Baogui , Wen Xuefang , Yu Ping , Gong Deming 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe effects of dietary Cinnamomum camphora seed kernel oil (CCSKO) containing medium‐chain triacylglycerols on lipid metabolism and mRNA and protein expression of β‐3 adrenergic receptor in adipose tissue were studied in diet‐induced obese rats. High fat food‐induced obese rats were randomly divided into CCSKO group, Lard group, Soybean oil (SOY) group and naturally restoring group (n = 10). Rats fed with low fat food were used as a normal control group. Significant decreases in body mass and abdominal fat mass/body mass after 12 weeks were found in CCSKO group as compared with Lard and SOY groups (p < 0.05). Levels of blood total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride, free fatty acid, fasting insulin and insulin resistance in the CCSKO group were decreased significantly, and noradrenaline level and insulin sensitivity index in the CCSKO group were significantly higher than other groups. Meanwhile liver TC and triglyceride levels in the CCSKO group were also decreased markedly. Expression levels of β3‐adrenergic receptor mRNA and protein were higher in CCSKO group than in Lard and SOY groups. These results suggest that CCSKO may contribute to reduction of the body fat mass, promote lipid metabolism and up‐regulate β3‐adrenergic receptor expression in high fat diet‐induced obese rats.
Trajectories of adolescent substance use development and the influence of healthy leisure: A growth mixture modeling approach
Authors: Weybright Elizabeth H. , Caldwell Linda L. , Ram Nilam , Smith Edward A. , Wegner Lisa 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTConsiderable heterogeneity exists in adolescent substance use development. To most effectively prevent use, distinct trajectories of use must be identified as well as differential associations with predictors of use, such as leisure experience. The current study used a person‐centered approach to identify distinct substance use trajectories and how leisure is associated with trajectory classes. Data came from a larger efficacy trial of 2.249 South African high school students who reported substance use at any time across 8 waves. Growth mixture modeling was used to identify developmental trajectories of substance use and the influence of healthy leisure. Results identified three increasing and one stable substance use trajectory and subjective healthy leisure served to protect against use. This study is the first of its kind to focus on a sample of South African adolescents and serves to develop a richer understanding of substance use development and the role of healthy leisure.
Characteristics and consequences of the co-occurrence between social anxiety and pain-related fear in chronic pain patients receiving multimodal pain rehabilitation treatment
Authors: Wurm Matilda , Edlund Sara , Tillfors Maria , Boersma Katja 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

Background and aims
Chronic pain problems are related to specific pain related fears and maladaptive pain-coping but also commonly co-occur with other anxiety problems. Shared emotional vulnerability factors may explain this comorbidity and may influence treatment outcome. Indeed, pain patients going through multimodal pain treatment are a heterogeneous group and treatment results vary. One understudied anxiety disorder co-occurring with pain is social anxiety. This may be relevant as many pain-related challenges are situated in social contexts. The aim of this study is to investigate the occurrence of subgroups with differential patterns of social anxiety and pain related fear in a sample of chronic pain patients who receive multimodal pain treatment. The aim is also to study the characteristics of these potential subgroups and the consequences of different patterns of social anxiety and pain related fear.

Methods
180 patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain answered questionnaires before and after a multimodal pain treatment in a hospital rehabilitation setting in middle Sweden. A cluster analysis using pre-treatment scores on the Social Phobia Screening Questionnaire and the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia was performed. Subgroups were thereafter validated and compared on impairment due to social anxiety, pain catastrophizing, anxiety, and depression. Moreover, subgroups were described and compared on vulnerability factors (anxiety sensitivity, negative affect) and outcome factors (pain intensity, pain interference, and return to work self-efficacy).

Results
Four distinct clusters emerged: (1) low scores, (2) pain-related fear only, (3) social concern only, and (4) high social anxiety and pain-related fear. Patients high on social anxiety and pain-related fear had significantly higher levels of anxiety sensitivity, negative affect, and higher general emotional symptomatology. They also had remaining problems posttreatment.

Conclusions
A subgroup of patients with clinical levels of social anxiety has suboptimal rehabilitation results, with residual emotional problems and high levels of emotional vulnerability.

Implications
These patients may be in need of additional treatment efforts that are not being met today. To prevent insufficient treatment results and prolonged work disability, these patients need to be detected during screening and may benefit from pain treatment that takes their emotional problems into account.
The Spatial and Career Mobility of China's Urban and Rural Labor Force
Authors: Hao Lingxin , Liang Yucheng 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTIn this article, we provide a comprehensive examination of the spatial and career mobility of China's labor population. We integrate theories on stratification and social change and exploit the innovative design and measurement of the China Labor-force Dynamics Survey to minimize the undercoverage problem of the rural-urban migratory experience. Our analysis provides several fresh findings: (1) at-birth rural household registration (hukou) status leads to a greater probability of spatial mobility and career advancement than at-birth urban hukou status does; (2) education and gender differentiates rural-origin people, increasing the heterogeneity of urban labor and decreasing the heterogeneity of rural labor; (3) hukou policy relaxation favors later cohorts over earlier cohorts; and (4) among demographically comparable people, having experienced spatial mobility is correlated with having career advancement experience. Work organizations are found to be the arena where the two dimensions of mobility can happen jointly. Our findings provide a rich context for understanding the management and organization of Chinese labor.
TILLAGE AND ESTABLISHMENT METHOD IMPACTS ON LAND AND IRRIGATION WATER PRODUCTIVITY OF WHEAT–RICE SYSTEM IN NORTH-WEST INDIA
Authors: BHATT RAJAN , KUKAL S. S. 
Published: April 2016

SUMMARYThe resource conservation technologies (RCTs), being advocated for countering the threat to the sustainability of wheat–rice cropping system (RWCS) in the north–west (NW) Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) of India, have been evaluated mostly for the individual crops, without depicting the impact of these technologies on the succeeding or preceding crop. A study was thus conducted during 2012–2014 in NW India to assess the land and irrigation water productivity (WPI) of RWCS under different establishment and conservation tillage techniques in a sandy-loam soil (coarse loamy, calcareous, mixed, hyperthermic Typic Ustochrept). The treatments included zero (ZTW) and conventional (CTW) tillage in wheat as main plot, establishment methods (direct seeded (DSR) and mechanically transplanted rice (MTR)) as sub-plot and tillage in rice viz. puddle (PR), dry (CTR) and zero (ZTR) tillage as sub–sub plot treatments, replicated thrice in split–split plot design. The land productivity of RWCS was significantly lower in ZTW plots than in CTW plots. The residual effect of tillage in wheat on rice productivity was distinct during the second year of study, when the CTW plots recorded significantly higher (17.5%) rice yield than the ZTW plots. The productivity of the cropping system with DSR was statistically similar to that with MTR. The WPI of RWCS increased in the order ZTW–DSR–ZTR25 < CTW–DSR–ZTR < ZTW–MTR–CTR < ZTW–DSR–PR < CTW–DSR–PR < ZTW–MTR–PR26 < CTW–MTR–PR.
TAMING TRANSGRESSION AND VIOLENCE IN THE CARNIVALS OF EARLY MODERN NAPLES
Authors: GUARINO GABRIEL 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this article is to explore the political importance of Neapolitan Carnival and the government's involvement in steering and controlling the celebrations at various historical junctions during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. It is particularly important to note in this context the ritual pillages ofcuccagnestaged by the rulers. The sponsorship of such Carnivalesque entertainments quelled the rulers' fears from popular rebellion and disorder as much as they fed popular needs for bread and circuses; and it is in this context of maintaining intact the city's fragile social balances that we should interpret the ubiquity of these violent spectacles in early modern Naples.
Detection ofBartonellaspp. in wild carnivores, hyraxes, hedgehog and rodents from Israel
Authors: MARCIANO ODELYA , GUTIÉRREZ RICARDO , MORICK DANNY , KING RONI , NACHUM-BIALA YAARIT , BANETH GAD , HARRUS SHIMON 
Published: April 2016

SUMMARYBartonellainfection was explored in wild animals from Israel. Golden jackals (Canis aureus), red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), rock hyraxes (Procavia capensis), southern white-breasted hedgehogs (Erinaceus concolor), social voles (Microtus socialis), Tristram's jirds (Meriones tristrami), Cairo spiny mice (Acomys cahirinus), house mice (Mus musculus) and Indian crested porcupines (Hystrix indica) were sampled and screened by molecular and isolation methods.Bartonella-DNA was detected in 46 animals: 9/70 (13%) golden jackals, 2/11 (18%) red foxes, 3/35 (9%) rock hyraxes, 1/3 (33%) southern white-breasted hedgehogs, 5/57 (9%) Cairo spiny mice, 25/43 (58%) Tristram's jirds and 1/6 (16%) house mice.Bartonella rochalimaeandB. rochalimae-like were widespread among jackals, foxes, hyraxes and jirds. This report represents the first detection of this zoonoticBartonellasp. in rock hyraxes and golden jackals. Moreover, DNA ofBartonella vinsoniisubsp.berkhoffii, Bartonella acomydis, CandidatusBartonella merieuxii and other uncharacterized genotypes were identified. Three differentBartonellastrains were isolated from Tristram's jirds, and several genotypes were molecularly detected from these animals. Furthermore, this study reports the first detection ofBartonellainfection in a southern hedgehog. Our study indicates that infection with zoonotic and otherBartonellaspecies is widespread among wild animals and stresses their potential threat to public health.
The impact of health and education on future labour force participation among individuals aged 55–74 in the United States of America: the MacArthur Foundation Research Network on an Aging Society
Authors: REHKOPF DAVID H. , ADLER NANCY E. , ROWE JOHN W. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTChronic disease, mobility limitations and low physical functioning are determinants of an earlier age of retirement. Therefore, long-term population trends in these factors may have an impact on the proportion of individuals near traditional retirement age who continue to work. Our objective is to develop a projection model that accounts for trends in these factors in order to estimate the proportion of the population aged 55–74 with the capacity to participate in the labour force. We used logistic regression models to quantify how chronic disease, mobility and functional status predict labour force participation among individuals aged 55–59. Next, we obtained estimates of the population prevalence of each of these predictors for the years 2010–2050. We then used estimated coefficients from the logistic regression models to predict the age-specific probability of capacity for work up to the age of 74. We find that population capacity for work depends on trends in disability and on level of education. Future population capacity for work depends on trends in functional limitations primarily in the population with lower levels of education. Changes in functional limitations, changes in the environment, technology and social policy targeted towards individuals with lower levels of education could result in mitigation of future decreasing capacity for work in the population near retirement age.
The Views of Informal Carers' Evaluation of Services (VOICES): Toward an adaptation for the New Zealand bicultural context
Authors: Frey Rosemary , Williams Lisa , Trussardi Gabriella , Black Stella , Robinson Jackie , Moeke-Maxwell Tess , Gott Merryn 
Published: April 2016

AbstractObjective:The Views of Informal Carers Experiences of Services (VOICES) instrument is a postal questionnaire that has been utilized internationally to capture the experiences of end-of-life care during the last months of life. Aotearoa/New Zealand, traditionally a bicultural society, reflects both the European worldview and that of the indigenous Māori. The Māori collectivist worldview considers whānau (extended family) support as key at the end of life and privileges “kanohi ki te kanohi” (face-to-face) meetings. In such a context, how will VOICES be received? Our pilot study was designed to test the effectiveness of an adaptation of the VOICES questionnaire in the New Zealand social setting for both Māori and non-Māori.Method:Cognitive interviews were conducted with 20 bereaved whānau and family members whose relative died between January 1 and April 4, 2014, in one urban New Zealand hospital. Thematic analysis was conducted on the resulting transcripts.Results:We found that, although the questionnaire provides valuable information, administration of the current questionnaire within a bicultural context is problematic. These problems are related to its scope, cultural acceptability, structure, and content. Distribution of the VOICES questionnaire, either through the post or online, without prior consultation, also risks engaging Māori in a culturally inappropriate manner.Significance of results:These findings will prompt revisions to both the content and research approach to implementing VOICES in a bicultural context. Recommendations include prior consultation with local indigenous communities as well as utilization of a mixed-methods approach to utilizing VOICES in a bicultural context. The cognitive interview procedures employed (adjusted for a collectivist worldview) in this study may also prove useful to indigenous groups seeking to develop or adapt questionnaires within a bicultural or multicultural context.
Appendix: Final Update of the IAU Division A Commission 4 Working Group on Standardizing Access to Ephemerides and File Format Specification
Authors: Hilton James L. , Acton Charles , Arlot Jean-Eudes , Bell Steven A. , Capitaine Nicole , Fienga Agnès , Folkner William M. , Gastineau Mickaël , Pavlov Dmitry , Pitjeva Elena V. , Skripnichenko Vladimir I. , Wallace Patrick 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe IAU Commission 4 Working Group on Standardizing Access to Ephemerides recommends the use of the Spacecraft and Planet Kernel (SPK) format to provide a uniform format for the position ephemerides of planets and other natural solar system bodies, and the use of the Planetary Constants Kernel (PCK) for the orientation of these bodies. These formats are used by the SPICE system, developed by the Navigation and Ancillary Information Facility of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The working group's final report is currently undergoing final preparations for publication. A long version of this report will be available at the IAU Commission 4: Ephemerides (or its successor) web site. This long version will contain a full description of that portion of the SPK and PCK formats required to duplicate these file types for this application.
In situ regeneration of bioactive coatings enabled by an evolved Staphylococcus aureus sortase A
Authors: Ham Hyun Ok , Qu Zheng , Haller Carolyn A. , Dorr Brent M. , Dai Erbin , Kim Wookhyun , Liu David R. , Chaikof Elliot L. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSurface immobilization of bioactive molecules is a central paradigm in the design of implantable devices and biosensors with improved clinical performance capabilities. However, in vivo degradation or denaturation of surface constituents often limits the long-term performance of bioactive films. Here we demonstrate the capacity to repeatedly regenerate a covalently immobilized monomolecular thin film of bioactive molecules through a two-step stripping and recharging cycle. Reversible transpeptidation by a laboratory evolved Staphylococcus aureus sortase A (eSrtA) enabled the rapid immobilization of an anti-thrombogenic film in the presence of whole blood and permitted multiple cycles of film regeneration in vitro that preserved its biological activity. Moreover, eSrtA transpeptidation facilitated surface re-engineering of medical devices in situ after in vivo implantation through removal and restoration film constituents. These studies establish a rapid, orthogonal and reversible biochemical scheme to regenerate selective molecular constituents with the potential to extend the lifetime of bioactive films.