bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient resilience in the fracture orthopaedic rehabilitation geriatric environment
Authors: Kohler Sabrina , Loh Sze Ming 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between resilience and rehabilitation outcomes in older orthopaedic patients.MethodsGeriatric rehabilitation patients admitted to a general metropolitan hospital following a fracture were interviewed face‐to‐face. Their resilience was assessed using the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD‐RISC), and rehabilitation outcomes were assessed according to functional independence measure (FIM) gain, length of stay, discharge destination and mortality rate.ResultsA total of 29 patient interviews were used in data analysis. Resilience scores varied from 49–92, with an average of 73, representing overall high resilience compared to general population samples. Resilience scores as measured by the CD‐RISC did not correlate with functional improvements during rehabilitation postfracture.ConclusionFurther studies, including patients with a broader range of resilience scores, particularly at the lower end of the spectrum, are required to explore the relationship between resilience and rehabilitation outcomes in greater depth.
Platelets are a possible regulator of human endometrial re‐epithelialization during menstruation
Authors: Suginami Koh , Sato Yukiyasu , Horie Akihito , Matsumoto Hisanori , Kyo Satoru , Araki Yoshihiko , Konishi Ikuo , Fujiwara Hiroshi 
Published: November 2016

ProblemThe human endometrium periodically breaks down and regenerates. As platelets have been reported to contribute to the tissue remodeling process, we examined the possible involvement of platelets in endometrial regeneration.Method of studyThe distribution of extravasating platelets throughout the menstrual cycle was immunohistochemically examined using human endometrial tissues. EM‐E6/E7/hTERT cells, a human endometrial epithelial cell‐derived immortalized cell line, were co‐cultured with platelets, and the effects of platelets on the epithelialization response of EM‐E6/E7/hTERT cells were investigated by attachment and permeability assays, immunohistochemical staining, and Western blot analysis.ResultsImmunohistochemical study showed numerous extravasated platelets in the subluminar stroma during the menstrual phase. The platelets promoted the cell‐to‐matrigel attachment of EM‐E6/E7/hTERT cells concomitantly with the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase. They also promoted cell‐to‐cell contact among EM‐E6/E7/hTERT cells in parallel with E‐cadherin expression.ConclusionThese results indicate the possible involvement of platelets in the endometrial epithelial re‐epithelialization process.
Chlamydial infection enhances expression of the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) and transcytosis of IgA
Authors: Armitage Charles W. , O'Meara Connor P. , Beagley Kenneth W. 
Published: November 2016

ProblemThe pIgR mediates transport of IgA into the lumen of mucosal tissues preventing pathogenic infection. Despite this, the expression of pIgR during chlamydial infections of the male and female reproductive tracts remains poorly understood.Method of studyThe expression of pIgR in response to hormone cycling or over the course of chlamydial infection was determined in vitro and in vivo by Western blot or immunohistochemistry.ResultsPIgR was upregulated in response to Chlamydia spp. infection of human epithelia, in both male and female mouse reproductive tracts. PIgR expression was found to be highest during estrus in the cervicovaginal and uterine epithelia and lowest during diestrus or following hormonal synchronization with Depo‐Provera. Chlamydial infection of mice mediates upregulation of pIgR and transcytosis of IgA into the lumen.ConclusionsOur results suggest that chlamydial infection enhances IgA secretion and pIgR expression by epithelia in the lower reproductive tracts of females and males, and hormone synchronization downregulates pIgR expression and transcytosis of IgA prior to challenge.
Ice and the outback: Patterns and prevalence of methamphetamine use in rural Australia
Authors: Roche Ann , McEntee Alice 
Published: November 2016

AbstractObjectiveThis study investigated whether lifetime and recent methamphetamine use (including crystal methamphetamine) differed among city, regional and rural residents and whether particular subpopulations were more at‐risk.DesignSecondary analyses of the last three National Drug Strategy Household Surveys and corresponding Alcohol and Other Drug Treatment Services National Minimum Data Sets (AODTS NMDS).SettingAustralian general population.ParticipantsAustralians who completed the 2007 (n = 22 519), 2010 (n = 25 786) and 2013 (n = 23 512) NDSHS (aged 14 + ); and treatment episodes where the principal drug of concern was recorded in the 2006/2007 (n = 139 808), 2009/2010 (n = 139 608) and 2012/2013 (n = 154 489) AODTS NMDS.Main outcome measure(s)To determine whether rural Australians were more likely to use methamphetamine than non‐rural counterparts.ResultsLifetime and recent methamphetamine and recent crystal methamphetamine use were significantly higher among rural than other Australians. Significantly more rural men and employed rural Australians used methamphetamine than their city, regional or Australian counterparts. Rural Australians aged 18–24 and 25–29 years were significantly more likely to have used methamphetamine in their lifetime than city or Australian residents. Rural Australians aged 18–24 years were significantly more likely to have recently used crystal methamphetamine.ConclusionsInterventions tailored to address the specific and unique circumstances of rural settings are required to reduce and prevent methamphetamine use, particularly crystal methamphetamine. Scope exists to focus prevention efforts on rural workplaces and primary care settings. Greater understanding of the higher prevalence of methamphetamine use in rural areas is required, plus implementation of comprehensive strategies and optimised treatment utilisation.
Cesarean delivery rates and obstetric culture – an Italian register‐based study
Authors: Plevani Cristina , Incerti Maddalena , Del Sorbo Davide , Pintucci Armando , Vergani Patrizia , Merlino Luca , Locatelli Anna 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIntroductionCesarean delivery rates are rising due to multiple factors, including less use of operative vaginal delivery and vaginal birth after cesarean delivery, which often reflect local obstetric practices. Objectives of the study were to analyze the relations between cesarean delivery, these practices, and perinatal outcomes.Material and methodsWe included all deliveries in the 72 hospitals of Lombardia, a region in northern Italy, during the year 2013. The delivery certificate was used as data source. Pearson's correlation coefficient and logistic regression were used for statistical analysis.ResultsWe included 87 896 deliveries. The number of deliveries per hospital ranged from 140 to 6123. The rate of cesarean delivery was 28.3% (range 9.9–86.4%), operative vaginal delivery 4.7% (range 0.2–10.0%), and vaginal birth after cesarean 17.3% (range 0–79.2%). We found a significant inverse correlation between rates of overall cesarean delivery and operative vaginal delivery (r = −0.25, p = 0.04). The correlation between rate of overall cesarean delivery and vaginal birth after cesarean was also inverse and significant (r = −0.57, p < 0.001). There was no association between overall cesarean delivery rate and the rates of Apgar score at 5 min <7 in term and late preterm neonates (r = −0.92, p = 0.46) and of perinatal mortality (r = −0.19, p = 0.13), respectively. The associations were independent of hospital volume of activity.ConclusionsAn obstetric practice that encourages vaginal instrumental delivery in delayed second stage of labor or vaginal birth after previous cesarean delivery, could reduce the rising cesarean delivery rate. This will require a change in obstetric culture, continuing education of healthcare providers, and leadership.
The Endoscopic Reference Score shows modest accuracy to predict either clinical or histological activity in adult patients with eosinophilic oesophagitis
Authors: Rodríguez‐Sánchez J. , Barrio‐Andrés J. , Nantes Castillejo O. , Valdivieso‐Cortazar E. , Pérez‐Martínez I. , Boumidi A. , Olmos‐Jérez J. A. , Payeras‐Llodra G. , Alcaide‐Suarez N. , Ruiz‐Rebollo L. , Madrigal‐ Rubiales B. , Gonzalez‐Obeso E. , de la Santa Belda E. , López Viedma B. , Molina‐Infante J. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryBackgroundConflicting results have been recently reported for the accuracy of the Endoscopic Reference Score (EREFS), an standardised endoscopic classification, to predict the histological activity of eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE).AimTo evaluate the accuracy of the EREFS to predict either histological or clinical activity of EoE.MethodsProspective multicentre study conducted in eight Spanish centres evaluating adult EoE patients, either naïve or after treatment. Symptoms were evaluated before upper endoscopy through the Dysphagia Symptom Score, whereas researchers scored the EREFS immediately after the endoscopic procedure, unaware of the histological outcome.ResultsOne hundred and forty‐five EoE patients undergoing 240 consecutive endoscopic procedures were included. Exudates (P = 0.03), furrows (P = 0.03) and a composite score of inflammatory signs (exudates, furrows and oedema) (P < 0.001) accurately predicted histological activity. Exudates were the only endoscopic sign showing a good correlation with histological outcome after therapy. Furrows and oedema persisted in 50% and 70% of patients despite histological remission. No endoscopic feature exceeded 70% accuracy to predict histological activity. Likewise, no endoscopic finding could adequately predict dysphagia severity. Crepe paper mucosa, diffuse exudates and severe rings correlated with higher symptom scores.ConclusionsEndoscopic findings assessed by the Endoscopic Reference Score did not correlate with histological or clinical disease activity in adult EoE patients. Only exudates correlated with peak eosinophil count and histological outcome, whereas furrows and oedema persisted in over half of patients despite histological remission.
Effect of chicken leptin recptor short hairpin RNA on expression of JAK2, STAT3, SOCS3 and CPT1 genes in chicken preadipocytes
Authors: Ban Qian , Hui Wenqiao , Cheng Fei , Liu Dahai , Liu Xiaojun 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn this study, we detect depressive effect on leptin receptor (LEPR) by LEPR‐specific short hairpin RNA (shRNA) expression plasmids in chicken preadipocytes, and effect on messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels of genes related to signal transduction, including JAK2, STAT3, SOCS3 as well as CPT1, which is associated with fatty acid metabolism. shRNA expression vectors targeting LEPR were constructed and transfected into chicken preadipocytes. The transfection efficiency was evaluated by fluorescence microscopy. Real‐time PCR was used to detect its effect on mRNA expression levels of JAK2, STAT3, SOCS3 and CPT1. Results showed that LEPR mRNA was knocked down by 99% (P < 0.01) after transfection for 72 h. In the knockdown preadipocytes, the mRNA levels of JAK2 and CPT1 were down‐regulated by 47.56% (P < 0.01) and 42.26% (P < 0.05), respectively; while expression of STAT3 and SOCS3 increased 7.72‐fold (P < 0.01), 1.71‐fold (P < 0.01), respectively. It is concluded that knockdown of LEPR influences mRNA expression of its down‐stream genes, suggesting that chicken LEPR play a certain role in regulating genes in the complicated gene network of preadipocytes.
Recovery of floristic diversity and basal area in natural forest regeneration and planted plots in a Costa Rican wet forest
Authors: Gilman Alex C. , Letcher Susan G. , Fincher Rita M. , Perez Ashley I. , Madell Tyler W. , Finkelstein Alex L. , Corrales‐Araya Felix 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWhen compared to planted reforestation, natural unassisted regeneration is often reported to result in slow recovery of biomass and biodiversity, especially early in succession. In some cases, naturally regenerating forests are not comparable to the community structure of primary forests after many decades. However, direct comparison of the outcomes of tropical forest restoration and natural regeneration is hindered by differences in metrics of forest recovery, inconsistency in land use histories, and dissimilarities in experimental design. We present the results of a replicated reforestation experiment comparing natural regeneration and polyculture tree planting at multiple diversity levels (3, 6, 9, or 12 native tree species), with uniform land use history and initial edaphic conditions. We compare the recovery of basal area and floristic diversity in these treatments after 5 yr of succession. Total basal area was higher in planted plots than in naturally regenerating plots, but it but did not vary among the different planted diversity levels. The basal area of woody recruits did not differ among treatments. The diversity of woody recruits increased substantially over time but did not vary among planting treatments. Species composition trajectories showed directional turnover over time, with no consistent differences among treatments. The convergence of restoration trajectories and similarity of floristic community diversity and composition across all treatments, after only 5 yr, provides evidence of the viability of natural regeneration for rapid restoration of forest biodiversity.
Natural regeneration and biodiversity: a global meta‐analysis and implications for spatial planning
Authors: Latawiec Agnieszka E. , Crouzeilles Renato , Brancalion Pedro H.S. , Rodrigues Ricardo R. , Sansevero Jerônimo B. , Santos Juliana Silveira dos , Mills Morena , Nave André Gustavo , Strassburg Bernardo B. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractNatural regeneration offers a cheaper alternative to active reforestation and has the potential to become the predominant way of restoring degraded tropical landscapes at large‐scale. We conducted a meta‐analysis for tropical regions and quantified the relationships between both ecological and socioeconomic factors and biodiversity responses in naturally regenerating areas. Biogeographic realms, past disturbance, and the human development index (HDI) were used as explanatory variables for biodiversity responses. In addition, we present a case study of large‐scale natural regeneration in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and identify areas where different forms of restoration would be most suitable. Using our dataset for tropical regions, we showed that natural regeneration was predominantly reported within: the Neotropical realm; areas that were intensively disturbed; and countries with medium HDI. We also found that biodiversity in regenerating forests was more similar to the values found in old growth forests in: countries with either low, high, or very high HDI; less biodiverse realms; and areas of less intensive past disturbance. Our case study from Brazil showed that the level of forest gain resulting from environmental legislation, in particular the Brazilian Forest Code, has been reduced, but remains substantial. Complementary market incentives and financial mechanisms to promote large‐scale natural regeneration in human‐modified agricultural landscapes are also needed. Our analysis provides insights into the factors that promote or limit the recovery of biodiversity in naturally regenerating areas, and aids to identify areas with higher potential for natural regeneration.
Scaling up farmer‐managed natural regeneration in Africa to restore degraded landscapes
Authors: Reij Chris , Garrity Dennis 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe present examples of large‐scale farmer‐managed natural regeneration of woody species in Africa to create new agroforestry systems. We also analyze two cases in Ethiopia of large‐scale natural regeneration. The available evidence shows that the average costs per hectare of promoting on‐farm natural regeneration are low as soon as farmers are familiar with this practice and begin to spontaneously adopt it. Based on these cases, current ambitious forest restoration targets can be achieved, but this goal requires a shift from tree planting to assisted natural regeneration. We propose a scaling‐up strategy for natural regeneration based on experience gained mainly in the West African Sahel.
Changes in biotic and abiotic drivers of seedling species composition during forest recovery following shifting cultivation on Hainan Island, China
Authors: Lu Xinghui , Zang Runguo , Ding Yi , Huang Jihong 
Published: November 2016

AbstractSeedlings play an important role in the processes of plant community succession. We compared seedling (dbh < 1 cm) species composition and diversity over a chronosequence (18‐, 30‐, 60‐year‐old second growth and old growth forest) after shifting cultivation in a tropical lowland rain forest area on Hainan Island, China. Seedling diversity reached a maximum in the 60‐year‐old second growth forest, which is consistent with the intermediate disturbance hypothesis. With the progression of secondary succession, canopy openness (CO), soil organic matter, soil phosphorus content, and tree abundance showed a general decreasing trend; soil water content and tree basal area showed a general trend of increase, while soil pH and other nutrients reached maximum values and tree richness reached a minimum value at intermediate stages of succession. Seedling composition and diversity were significantly affected by soil water, pH, soil nutrient content, and biotic factors in the 18‐year‐old second growth forests; by soil pH, soil nutrient content, and biotic factors in the 30‐year‐old second growth forests; by CO, soil nutrient content and tree abundance in the 60‐year‐old second growth forests; and by CO, soil pH, and soil nutrient content in the old growth forests. At earlier stages of succession, the effect of the proportion of old growth forest in the surrounding landscape on seedling diversity was greater than that of land‐use history, but the importance of these drivers was reversed at later stages of succession.
Associated factors of behavioural problems in children at preschool age: the Hokkaido study on environment and children's health
Authors: Minatoya M. , Itoh S. , Araki A. , Tamura N. , Yamazaki K. , Nishihara S. , Miyashita C. , Kishi R. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundFinding associated factors with childhood behavioural problems as early as preschool age is important. Studies have revealed several factors including socioeconomic factors, which may vary among different cultural background and population. However, investigation in general Japanese population of preschool age has not been well demonstrated. Thus, the objective of this study was to examine associated factors of childhood behavioural problems using Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) in a prospective birth cohort study.MethodsTotal 3813 SDQ were distributed between October 2014 and December 2015 to the subpopulation of prospective birth cohort study, the Hokkaido Study on Environment and Children's Health. The subpopulation consisted of participants who had reached age 5 and were born between April 2008 and December 2010. Baseline questionnaire filled at recruitment and birth record were used to obtain participant information. Children with total difficulties score ≧ 13 were defined as likelihood of behavioural problems. A total of 2553 children with valid answers were included into the analysis. The response rate was 67.1%.ResultsNumber of children with likelihood of behavioural problems was 521 (20.4%). Boys showed more problematic scores than girls. Multivariate analysis found that maternal pre‐pregnancy BMI ≧ 30 kg/m2, primipara, maternal education lower than high school, family income during pregnancy < 3 million yen/year and boy gender were the factors associated with increased odds ratio of likelihood of child behavioural problems.ConclusionsThis study found that prenatal socioeconomic factors were associated with likelihood of child behavioural problems at preschool age in Japan.
Developmental Differences in Infants’ Fairness Expectations From 6 to 15 Months of Age
Authors: Ziv Talee , Sommerville Jessica A. 
Published: November 2016

The present research investigated the developmental trajectory of infants’ fairness expectations from 6 to 15 months of age (N = 150). Findings revealed a developmental transition in infants’ fairness expectations between 6 and 12 months, as indicated by enhanced visual attention to unfair outcomes of resource distribution events (a 3:1 distribution) relative to fair outcomes (a 2:2 distribution). The onset of naturalistic sharing behavior predicted infants’ fairness expectations at transitional ages. Beyond this period of developmental transition, the presence of siblings and infants’ prompted giving behavior predicted individual differences in infants’ fairness concerns. These results provide evidence for the role of experience in the acquisition of fairness expectations and reveal early individual differences in such expectations.
Attachment and Temperament in the Early Life Course: A Meta‐Analytic Review
Authors: Groh Ashley M. , Narayan Angela J. , Bakermans‐Kranenburg Marian J. , Roisman Glenn I. , Vaughn Brian E. , Fearon R. M. Pasco , van IJzendoorn Marinus H. 
Published: November 2016

This meta‐analytic review examines the association between early attachment (assessed at 1–5 years) and child temperament (assessed at birth–12 years), and compares the strength of this association with recently documented meta‐analytic associations between early attachment and social competence, externalizing behavior, and internalizing symptoms. Based on 109 independent samples (N = 11,440) of diverse socioeconomic and ethnic backgrounds, temperament was weakly associated with attachment (in)security (d = .14, CI [0.08, 0.19]) but modestly associated with resistant attachment (d = .30, CI [0.21, 0.40]). Temperament was not significantly associated with avoidant (d = .10, CI [−0.02, 0.19]) or disorganized (d = .11, CI [−0.03, 0.25]) attachment. Across developmental domains, early attachment security was more strongly associated with social competence and externalizing behaviors than internalizing symptoms and temperament.