bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic-accumulative operation policy of continuous distillation for the purification of anisole
Authors: Wang Zhibo , Li Shuairong , Wang Caijiao , Guo Xianghai , Bai Peng 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
In the B10 isotope enrichment industry, the purification of anisole mixture makes great sense. A dynamic-accumulative operation policy of continuous distillation (DACD) with repeated filling and dumping of the still is proposed for the separation of trace heavy impurities in the recycled anisole. To simulate and optimize the purification process of anisole, a mathematical model of DACD is derived, and the computer codes are developed in the MATLAB environment. Moreover, the experiment is performed in a pilot-scale distillation column. The results show that the experimental date agrees well with simulation results. DACD could solve the difficulty of flow rate control when the bottom flow rate is very small in continuous distillation. The size of the still in this operation mode is also smaller than that in batch distillation. And the yield of anisole is raised to 99.91%. In a word, DACD is especially suitable for separating trace heavy impurities from the recycled anisole.
n
Bu4NI-catalyzed direct amination of benzoxazoles with tertiary amines using TBHP as oxidant under microwave irradiation
Authors: Yuan Jin-Wei , Jin Ming , Yin Qiu-Yue , Mao Pu , Qu Ling-Bo 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
A facile, efficient, and practical method for
n
Bu4NI-catalyzed direct C–H amination of benzoxazoles with tertiary amines has been developed. The system could be performed in the absence of metal catalyst and only requires tert-butyl hydroperoxide as oxidant under microwave irradiation. A variety of substituted benzoxazol-2-amines were synthesized with moderate to good yield.
USP19 modulates autophagy and antiviral immune responses by deubiquitinating Beclin‐1
Authors: Jin Shouheng , Tian Shuo , Chen Yamei , Zhang Chuanxia , Xie Weihong , Xia Xiaojun , Cui Jun , Wang Rong‐Fu 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAutophagy, mediated by a number of autophagy‐related (ATG) proteins, plays an important role in the bulk degradation of cellular constituents. Beclin‐1 (also known as Atg6 in yeast) is a core protein essential for autophagic initiation and other biological processes. The activity of Beclin‐1 is tightly regulated by multiple post‐translational modifications, including ubiquitination, yet the molecular mechanism underpinning its reversible deubiquitination remains poorly defined. Here, we identified ubiquitin‐specific protease 19 (USP19) as a positive regulator of autophagy, but a negative regulator of type I interferon (IFN) signaling. USP19 stabilizes Beclin‐1 by removing the K11‐linked ubiquitin chains of Beclin‐1 at lysine 437. Moreover, we found that USP19 negatively regulates type I IFN signaling pathway, by blocking RIG‐I‐MAVS interaction in a Beclin‐1‐dependent manner. Depletion of either USP19 or Beclin‐1 inhibits autophagic flux and promotes type I IFN signaling as well as cellular antiviral immunity. Our findings reveal novel dual functions of the USP19‐Beclin‐1 axis by balancing autophagy and the production of type I IFNs.
Transformations of Titanium(IV) Butoxide on Magnetite Surface in the Presence of Pluronic P-123
Authors: Semko L. S. , Storozhuk L. P. , Khutornyi S. V. , Gorbyk P. P. 
Published: March 2016

The technique of producing magnetically operated nanocomposites Fe3O4/TiO2 with high specific surface area (to 320 m2/g) was developed. A copolymer poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) (Pluronic-123) was used as a template. The processes of converting n-butylortotytanatu (BOT) in TiO2 on the surface of magnetite in the presence of PL when heated, and the structure, magnetic and adsorption properties of nanocomposites Fe3O4/TiO2 were investigated. It is shown that the maximum temperature of the heat treatment of nanocomposites is 500 ºC. It was established that the specific saturation magnetization (σs) of nanocomposites Fe3O4/TiO2 by varying the content of PL ranges from 3.75 to 3.96 μT·m3/kg, while coercive force Hc – 1.47-1.61 kA/m. Adsorption complexes such as Fe3O4/TiO2/DNA were obtained.
Pushing of Interstitial Elements in the Transition Zone under the Growing Diffusion Layers
Authors: Nesterenko A. I. , Nesterenko N. G. 
Published: March 2016

The kinetics of diffusion of interstitial elements on the example of diffusion saturation with boron and silicon iron- carbon matrix (- iron) was considered . The layers of intermetallic Fe - B - Si are formed and grow in diffusion saturation , and carbon is pushed deep into the matrix. Linear , parabolic and logarithmic laws of motion of the interface boundary between the intermetallic layers and steel matrix was considered and solved the problem of the diffusion redistribution of carbon in the transition zone. Found that in all these cases is due to pushing of carbon its concentration are increased at the interphase boundary . In case: a) the linear moving of the interphase boundary carbon concentration at the interphase boundary is proportional to the thickness of protective coatings; b) the parabolic moving of the interphase boundary carbon concentration at the boundary remains constant; c) the logarithmic moving of the interphase boundary carbon concentration at the interphase boundary decreases with time.
Theory of Dynamic Conductivity of Three-Barrier Resonance-Tullel Structure with Two-Photon Laser Transitions
Authors: Seti Ju. O. , Boyko I. V. , Pan’kiv M. V. 
Published: March 2016

Within the approximation of effective mass and rectangular potential barriers for the electron and using the obtained solutions of complete Schrodinger equation, the theory of dynamic conductivity for three-barrier resonant tunneling structure (InGaAs/InAlAs) with different depths of potential wells driven by weak electromagnetic field is developed in one- and two-photon approach.
It is shown that varying Ga concentration one can obtain such geometric configurations of nanostructure, being an active region of quantum cascade laser, in which the increasing intensity of laser radiation, produced by electron quantum transitions accompanied by radiation of two photons with equal energy, is observed. It is established that the contribution of two-photon transitions into the complete magnitude of dynamic conductivity is not smaller than 37 %.
Mechanisms of Structure and Thermoelectric Properties of Vapor-Phase Condensates Solid Solution PbTe–Bi2Te3 on Ceramics
Authors: Bylina I. S. 
Published: March 2016

Based on analysis of AFM-images, presents the results of complex research the mechanisms of nucleation and growth processes, surface topology and thermoelectric properties of vapor-phase condensates PbTe-Bi2Te3, grown on polycrystalline ceramics at constant temperatures evaporation TE = 970 K and deposition TS = 470 K. Deposition time τ = (15-75) s, and the percentage of Bi2Te3 was 1-5 mol.%. The dependence of structural characteristics (average size of nanocrystals, their rate of change in the lateral (Dc, Dc/τ) and normal (hc, hc/τ) directions to the substrate surface) and thermoelectric parameters (electrical conductivity (σ), Hall concentration (n) and mobility media (μ) thermo-EMF (S) and thermoelectric power (S2σ)) condensates PbTe–Bi2Te3 the conditions of their receipt.
Stratified Sampling to Define Levels of Petrographic Variation in Coal Beds: Examples from Indonesia and New Zealand
Authors: Moore Tim A. 
Published: March 2016

DOI: 10.17014/ijog.3.1.29-51Stratified sampling of coal seams for petrographic analysis using block samples is a viable alternative to standard methods of channel sampling and particulate pellet mounts. Although petrographic analysis of particulate pellets is employed widely, it is both time consuming and does not allow variation within sampling units to be assessed - an important measure in any study whether it be for paleoenvironmental reconstruction or in obtaining estimates of industrial attributes. Also, samples taken as intact blocks provide additional information, such as texture and botanical affinity that cannot be gained using particulate pellets. Stratified sampling can be employed both on ‘fine’ and ‘coarse’ grained coal units. Fine-grained coals are defined as those coal intervals that do not contain vitrain bands greater than approximately 1 mm in thickness (as measured perpendicular to bedding). In fine-grained coal seams, a reasonable sized block sample (with a polished surface area of ~3 cm2) can be taken that encapsulates the macroscopic variability. However, for coarse-grained coals (vitrain bands >1 mm) a different system has to be employed in order to accurately account for the larger particles. Macroscopic point counting of vitrain bands can accurately account for those particles>1 mm within a coal interval. This point counting method is conducted using something as simple as string on a coal face with marked intervals greater than the largest particle expected to be encountered (although new technologies are being developed to capture this type of information digitally). Comparative analyses of particulate pellets and blocks on the same interval show less than 6% variation between the two sample types when blocks are recalculated to include macroscopic counts of vitrain. Therefore even in coarse-grained coals, stratified sampling can be used effectively and representatively.
De sacra militia contra iconomachos: Civic Strategies to Counter Iconoclasm in the Low Countries (1566)
Authors: Suykerbuyk Ruben 
Published: March 2016

Although the iconoclastic scare must have been enormous and the actual impact of the attacks of summer and autumn 1566 can hardly be exaggerated, the Beeldenstorm was not as comprehensive as it seemed to contemporaries and subsequent historians. Indeed, a considerable number of important cities in the Habsburg Netherlands actually managed to ward off destruction, but until now their role has hardly been studied. The aim of this article is twofold: first, it seeks to chart the cities in question. Second, it analyses the preventive measures that they took against the violence. In so doing, it nuances the idea of theBeeldenstormas an all-destructive wave, and provides insights into the dynamics of the Iconoclastic Fury. More specifically, the cliché that the passivity of magistrates was the main reason for all losses seems in need of considerable revision. This article is part of the special issue 'Beeldenstorm'. De sacra militia contra iconomachos. Stedelijke maatregelen tegen de Beeldenstorm in de Lage Landen (1566)Ondanks de reële iconoclastische dreiging en de enorme impact van de vernielingen in de zomer en herfst van 1566, was de Beeldenstorm niet zo grondig en alomvattend als ze door tijdgenoten en latere historici werd beschreven. Een aanzienlijk aantal belangrijke steden in verschillende gewesten van de Habsburgse Nederlanden wist inderdaad aan de vernielingen te ontsnappen, maar hun rol werd tot nu toe nauwelijks bestudeerd. Het doel van dit artikel is daarom tweeledig: enerzijds worden de steden in kwestie in kaart gebracht, anderzijds wordt onderzocht welke maatregelen zij namen ter preventie van het geweld. Naast het feit dat dit het idee van de Beeldenstorm als allesverwoestend sterk kan nuanceren, leidt het tot een aantal interessante inzichten in de precieze aard van de storm. Vooral het cliché van de niet-ingrijpende magistraat als belangrijkste reden voor de massale verliezen blijkt aanzienlijk herzien te moeten worden. Dit artikel maakt deel uit van het themanummer 'Beeldenstorm'.
Under Construction?: The Catholic Community in Ghent after the Beeldenstorm
Authors: Bauwens Michal 
Published: March 2016

While the iconoclasm of 1566 has been a popular topic in the historiography of the Low Countries, we know little about the people who endured iconoclasm. Generally, Catholics in the Low Countries were regarded as being rather passive bystanders in the events of this period, but the case of Ghent illustrates that Catholics took various actions when faced with the threat of iconoclasm and the subsequent destruction. Even though religious militancy was lacking, certain aspects of Catholic religion were strengthened throughout the Wonder Year. Parishioners put a lot of effort in the repairs of their parish churches and the interest in traditional devotions and religious knowledge also increased. Rather than rendering them passive, the troubled period seems to have motivated Ghent Catholics to research their faith. This article is part of the special issue 'Beeldenstorm'. De Beeldenstorm van 1566 is een populair thema in de historiografie van de Lage Landen, maar desalniettemin is onze kennis over de mensen die het iconoclasme ondergingen beperkt. De Nederlandse katholieken worden vaak als passieve toeschouwers van de troebelen omschreven, maar de casus van Gent toont aan dat katholieken wel degelijk actief waren in de aanloop naar de Beeldenstorm en tijdens de maanden na de vernielingen. Een religieuze militante houding was inderdaad afwezig, maar andere aspecten van het katholieke geloof werden tijdens het Wonderjaar juist versterkt. Parochianen focusten op een snel herstel van hun parochiekerk en versterkten bepaalde devoties. Ook de aandacht voor religieuze kennis nam toe. In plaats van passief, toonden de Gentse katholieken zich door de ‘troebele tijden’ gemotiveerd om hun geloof nader te onderzoeken. Dit artikel maakt deel uit van het themanummer 'Beeldenstorm'.
The Beeldenstorm and the Spanish Habsburg Response (1566-1570)
Authors: Soen Violet 
Published: March 2016

In most textbooks, the punitive and military mission of the Duke of Alba to the Netherlands in 1567 embodies the Spanish Habsburg response to the Beeldenstorm of the previous year. This representation however, obscures the measures taken in the heat of the moment by Governor General Margaret of Parma, while it also downplays the numerous policy discussions to find the ‘right remedy’ for iconoclasm. This article argues that repression formed but one part of a broader pacification strategy that also included mediation, reconciliation and reform. The tactic employed by the Spanish Habsburg authorities combined the punishment of prominent leaders with a recognition that most of the participants in the ‘troubles’ could neither be apprehended nor punished properly, so that a pardon would eventually be necessary. Just such a pardon was issued in July 1570. Even if King and governor-general regarded iconoclasm as outright sacrilege and as divine lèse-majesté committed by heretics, the central authorities framed their response primarily as a legitimate action against worldly lèse-majesté and rebellion, in the short term to silence the religious violence of the iconoclasts, and in the longer term to maintain the initiative in safeguarding order, justice and peace, including in matters religious. This article is part of the special issue 'Beeldenstorm'. De Beeldenstorm en het Spaans-Habsburgse antwoord (1566-1570)De strafmissie van de hertog van Alva in 1567 verschijnt in de meeste handboeken als het Spaans-Habsburgse antwoord op de Beeldenstorm. Deze voorstelling doet weinig recht aan de onmiddellijke maatregelen van de hertogin van Parma voor de komst van Alva, en nog minder aan de voortdurende zoektocht naar de ‘juiste remedie’ om de onrust te bedaren. De repressie onder Alva vormde slechts een deel van een bredere pacificatiestrategie, die ook verzoeningsgebaren van koningswege inhield. Zo combineerde de Spaans-Habsburgse tactiek strafmaatregelen tegen de voornaamste leiders van de Beeldenstorm met de erkenning dat niet alle aanwezigen bij de ‘troebelen’ konden worden gearresteerd. Om rechtvaardigheid te doen geschieden, werd daarom in juli 1570 een generaal pardon uitgevaardigd. Daarnaast beargumenteert deze bijdrage dat hoewel Filips II en zijn landvoogden in Brussel de Beeldenstorm als regelrechte blasfemie beschouwden, ze hun optreden hoofdzakelijk rechtvaardigden als een actie tegen rebellie en wereldlijke majesteitsschennis, om zo op de korte termijn de religieuze agenda van de opstandelingen te verzwijgen, en op de lange termijn het monopolie te behouden inzake ordehandhaving en godsdienst. Dit artikel maakt deel uit van het themanummer 'Beeldenstorm'.
Effect of Desflurane versus Sevoflurane in Pediatric Anesthesia: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: He Jiaxuan , Zhang Yong , Xue Rongliang , Lv Jianrui , Ding Xiaoying , Zhang Zhenni 
Published: March 2016

Purpose: To compare the effect of desflurane versus sevoflurane in pediatric anesthesia by conducting meta-analysis. Methods: Studies were searched from PubMed, Medline, Springer, Elsevier Science Direct, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar up to July 2014. Weighted mean difference (WMD) or risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were considered as effect sizes. Heterogeneity across studies was assessed by Cochran Q test and I2 statistic. The random effects model was performed in the meta-analysis when heterogeneity was observed, or the fixed effect model was used. Review Manager 5.1 software was applied for the meta-analysis. Results: A total of 11 studies (13 comparisons) involving 1,273 objects were included in this meta-analysis. No heterogeneity was observed between studies for any comparison but for postoperative extubation time. The results showed significant differences between desflurane and sevoflurane groups for postoperative extubation time (WMD = -3.87, 95%CI = -6.14 to -1.60, P < 0.01), eye opening time (WMD = -1.11, 95%CI = -1.49 to -0.72, P < 0.01), awakening time (WMD = -4.27, 95%CI = -5.28 to -3.26, P < 0.01) and agitation (RR = 1.44, 95%CI = 1.05 to 1.96, P = 0.02). No significant differences (P > 0.05) were detected for discharge from the recovery room, oculocardiac reflex, nausea and vomiting and severe pain. Conclusions: Desflurane may have less adverse effects than sevoflurane when used in pediatric anesthesia with significantly shorter postoperative extubation time, eye opening time and awakening time as well as slighter agitation. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.
ASK1-P38 Pathway is Important for Anoikis Induced by Microtubule-Targeting Aryl Chloroethylureas
Authors: Fortin Jessica S , Patenaude Alexandre , Deschesnes Rena G , Côté Marie-France , Petitclerc Eric , C.-Gaudreault René 
Published: March 2016

PURPOSE. We investigated the involvement of MAPK signaling in the cell death mechanisms of classical microtubule interfering agents (MIA) and aryl-3-(2-chloroethyl)ureas (CEU) acting as antimitotics, along with CEU that don’t affect directly microtubules (non-MIA CEU). METHODS.
To ascertain the activated signaling pathway profile of MIA and non-MIA CEU, Western blot, immunoprecipitation and transfection experiments were performed. RESULTS. Non-MIA CEU do not activate p38, as opposed to MIA, and the extent of ERK and JNK activation is lower than in response to MIA. The effect of MIA and non-MIA CEU on focal adhesion associated protein was also studied; MIA were shown to induce focal adhesion dismantlement associated with a sustained increase in paxillin phosphorylation and FAK cleavage, as opposed to non-MIA CEU. In addition, bcl-2 phosphorylation and AKT cleavage, induced by all MIA tested, was not observed in response to non-MIA CEU further emphasizing the differential cell death mechanisms induced by MIA and non-MIA CEU. Pharmacologic and genetic approaches emphasize that the ASK1-p38 pathway activation contributes to the cytotoxic mechanism of MIA, in contrast to non-MIA CEU. ASK1-p38 is important for increased paxillin phosphorylation and FAK cleavage, suggesting that ASK-1-p38 is an upstream event of FA structure dismantlement induced by MIA. Moreover, the endogen inhibitor of ASK-1, thioredoxin, is released from ASK-1 in response to MIA as opposed to non-MIA CEU. CONCLUSION. Our study supports that ASK1-p38 activation is an important signaling event, induced by MIA, which impairs focal adhesion structure and induces anchorage-dependent apoptosis or anoikis.
Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Changes in Antiretroviral Regimens for HIV-infected Patients
Authors: Tanaka Hiroyuki , Wada Tatsuhiko , Takayama Yoko , Matsumoto Keisuke , Atsuda Koichiro , Satoh Mitsutoshi 
Published: March 2016

Purpose. Antiretroviral therapy is now available for HIV-infected patients, and so-called highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) now makes it possible to strongly suppress viral proliferation and restore immunity. However, the development of new drugs and regimens for HAART is still in progress, with the aim of overcoming a number of associated problems. For this purpose, changes in the prescribed anti-HIV drugs are often made. In the present study, we attempted to clarify the actual effects of such treatment modifications in patients who had been started on HAART. Methods. We retrospectively investigated HIV-infected patients who had been started on HAART at Kitasato University Hospital between April 1997 and March 2013. The patients’ backgrounds, characteristics and laboratory data were established from the hospital medical records. Results. The total follow-up time was 447.3 person-years. The patients remained on their initial regimen for a median period of 2040 days, and 39 patients took a second regimen for a median of 2714 days. There was no treatment failure due to regimen change. The reason for the regimen change was adverse effects in 49 cases, poor adherence/virological failure in 4, immunological failure in 3, patient request in 2, and proposals made by health care workers, or for simplification, in 11. The number of patients who required regimen change due to renal dysfunction showed a gradual increase. The number of times anti-HIV drugs were taken per day was not altered when the regimen changed, being mainly once or twice a day. Conclusion. In the present study, there were no instances of treatment failure due to regimen change. Through appropriate regimen change, it is possible to avoid serious adverse effects, and to improve patient adherence. Further adverse effects associated with long-term antiretroviral therapy, and reduction of adherence through medication fatigue should be considered. Drug selection and regimen change should be considered in relation to long-term prognosis.This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.