bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insights Into French Emergency Planning, Response, and Resilience Procedures From a Hospital Managerial Perspective Following the Paris Terrorist Attacks of Friday, November 13, 2015
Authors: Ghanchi Ali 
Published: June 2016

AbstractOn Friday, November 13, 2015, Paris was subjected to a multiple terrorist attack that caused widespread carnage. Although French emergency planning, response, and resilience procedures (Plan Blanc) anticipated crisis management of a major incident, these had to be adapted to the local context of Pitié-Salpêtrière University Teaching Hospital. Health care workers had undergone Plan Blanc training and exercises and it was fortunate that such a drill had occurred on the morning of the attack. The procedures were observed to work well because this type of eventuality had been fully anticipated, and staff performance exceeded expectations owing to prior in-depth training and preparations. Staff performance was also facilitated by overwhelming staff solidarity and professionalism, ensuring the smooth running of crisis management and improving victim survival rates. Although lessons learned are ongoing, an initial debriefing of managers found organizational improvements to be made. These included improvements to the activation of Plan Blanc and how staff were alerted, bed management, emergency morgue facilities, and public relations. In conclusion, our preparations for an eventual terrorist attack on this unprecedented scale ensured a successful medical response. Even though anticipating the unthinkable is difficult, contingency plans are being made to face other possible terrorist threats including chemical or biological agents. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;page 1 of 6)
A new baenid turtle from the early Paleocene (Torrejonian) of New Mexico and a species-level phylogenetic analysis of Baenidae
Authors: Lyson Tyler R. , Joyce Walter G. , Lucas Spencer G. , Sullivan Robert M. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractNew cranial and postcranial material of the baenid turtleNeurankylusfrom the Paleocene Nacimiento Formation (Torrejonian NALMA) of northwestern New Mexico represents a new species,Neurankylus torrejonensis. The material consists of a fragmented but mostly complete skull, a partial carapace and plastron, portions of both humeri, a partial pelvis, a complete right femur, and a distal phalanx. The small, undivided cervical scale, wide vertebrals, complete ring of marginals, and large size (carapace length 520 mm) diagnose the new taxon as belonging toNeurankylus. The narrow fifth vertebral scale and scalloped posterior shell margin reveal affinities withNeurankylus baueriGilmore, 1916, which is known from Campanian sediments in New Mexico and Utah. The holotype ofNeurankylus torrejonensisis the youngest known specimen of theNeurankyluslineage, which is known to reach at least back to the Late Cretaceous (Santonian). A nearly complete species-level analysis of baenids confirms the basal placement ofNeurankylusoutside of Baenodda and the split of Baenodda into two primary subclades, herein named Palatobaeninae and Eubaeninae.
Random walks in a queueing network environment
Authors: Gannon M. , Pechersky E. , Suhov Y. , Yambartsev A. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
We propose a class of models of random walks in a random environment where an exact solution can be given for a stationary distribution. The environment is cast in terms of a Jackson/Gordon–Newell network although alternative interpretations are possible. The main tool is the detailed balance equations. The difference compared to earlier works is that the position of the random walk influences the transition intensities of the network environment and vice versa, creating strong correlations. The form of the stationary distribution is closely related to the well-known product formula.
Convergence of directed random graphs to the Poisson-weighted infinite tree
Authors: Gabrysch Katja 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
We consider a directed graph on the integers with a directed edge from vertex i to j present with probability n-1, whenever i < j, independently of all other edges. Moreover, to each edge (i, j) we assign weight n-1(j - i). We show that the closure of vertex 0 in such a weighted random graph converges in distribution to the Poisson-weighted infinite tree as n → ∞. In addition, we derive limit theorems for the length of the longest path in the subgraph of the Poisson-weighted infinite tree which has all vertices at weighted distance of at most ρ from the root.
Optimal importance sampling for the Laplace transform of exponential Brownian functionals
Authors: Kim Je Guk 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe present an asymptotically optimal importance sampling for Monte Carlo simulation of the Laplace transform of exponential Brownian functionals which plays a prominent role in many disciplines. To this end we utilize the theory of large deviations to reduce finding an asymptotically optimal importance sampling measure to solving a calculus of variations problem. Closed-form solutions are obtained. In addition we also present a path to the test of regularity of optimal drift which is an issue in implementing the proposed method. The performance analysis of the method is provided through the Dothan bond pricing model.
On the invariance principle for reversible Markov chains
Authors: Peligrad Magda , Utev Sergey 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
In this paper we investigate the functional central limit theorem (CLT) for stochastic processes associated to partial sums of additive functionals of reversible Markov chains with general spate space, under the normalization standard deviation of partial sums. For this case, we show that the functional CLT is equivalent to the fact that the variance of partial sums is regularly varying with exponent 1 and the partial sums satisfy the CLT. It is also equivalent to the conditional CLT.
Momentum liquidation under partial information
Authors: Ekström Erik , Vannestål Martin 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Momentum is the notion that an asset that has performed well in the past will continue to do so for some period. We study the optimal liquidation strategy for a momentum trade in a setting where the drift of the asset drops from a high value to a smaller one at some random change-point. This change-point is not directly observable for the trader, but it is partially observable in the sense that it coincides with one of the jump times of some exogenous Poisson process representing external shocks, and these jump times are assumed to be observable. Comparisons with existing results for momentum trading under incomplete information show that the assumption that the disappearance of the momentum effect is triggered by observable external shocks significantly improves the optimal strategy.
The Markov consistency of Archimedean survival processes
Authors: Jakubowski J. , Pytel A. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
In this paper we connect Archimedean survival processes (ASPs) with the theory of Markov copulas. ASPs were introduced by Hoyle and Mengütürk (2013) to model the realized variance of two assets. We present some new properties of ASPs related to their dependency structure. We study weak and strong Markovian consistency properties of ASPs. An ASP is weak Markovian consistent, but generally not strong Markovian consistent. Our results contain necessary and sufficient conditions for an ASP to be strong Markovian consistent. These properties are closely related to the concept of Markov copulas, which is very useful in modelling different dependence phenomena. At the end we present possible applications.
Ribosomal DNA analysis of isolates of the liver fluke Opisthorchis pedicellata (Verma, 1927) from two siluroid fish species in India
Authors: Choudhary K. , Agrawal N. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe aim of this paper was to evaluate the genetic relationship between two isolates of Opisthorchis (O. pedicellata sp. 1, O. pedicellata sp. 2) from two siluroid fish hosts, based on three nuclear DNA (18S, internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) and ITS2). Molecular analysis revealed that both isolates of 18S sequences showed low intraspecific variability (1.6%), while this was 1.9% for ITS1 and 2.6% for ITS2. The secondary structure of the ITS2 region exhibited a remarkable four-helix model, with helices 1 and 4 being relatively short, three U–U mismatches in helix 2 and the longest helix (3) having two UGGG motifs. The phylogenetic analyses, using neighbour–joining (NJ) and maximum parsimony (MP) methods of MEGA 6, demonstrate that both isolates form a sister clade with significant support (100%). Therefore, we concluded that both the isolates of O. pedicellata are of the same species but some variations may be due to the sympatric environment of variant hosts.
2. On Ice and Brines
Authors: Buchanan J. Y. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe composition of the ice produced in saline solutions, and more particularly in sea-water, has frequently been the object of investigation and of dispute. It might be thought that to a question of whether ice so formed does or does not contain salt, experiment would at once give a decisive answer. Yet, relying on experiment alone, competent authorities have given contradictory answers. All agree that ice, whether formed artificially in the laboratory by freezing sea-water, or found in nature as one of the varieties of sea-water ice, retains, in one form or another, and with great tenacity, some of the salt existing in solution in the water. The question at issue is whether this salt is to be attributed to the solid matter of the ice or to the liquor mechanically adhering to it, from which it is impossible to free it. Most bodies, and especially those which take a crystalline form, are easily purified and freed from all suspected foreign matter, with a view to analysis, by the simple operation of washing and drying. It is impossible to wash the crystals, formed by freezing a saline solution, with distilled water, because they melt at a temperature below that at which distilled water freezes.
2. On the Physics of Noise
Authors: Brown Gram 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe noises considered in this paper are uniform, continuous noises, such as the fricatives of articulate speech: f, θ, ς, 묪, χ &c. These sounds are considered by the author to stand in a similar relation to musical tones as lights with continuous spectra do to lights with bright-line spectra. Methods were proposed for analysing these uniform continuous noises, and also for imitating them by synthetic means.
1. On the Increase of Electrolytic Polarization with Time
Authors: Peddie W. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis paper dealt only with cases in which the electromotive force used is insufficient to produce decomposition. In such cases the electrodes act as condensers. But the observed law of variation of current-strength with time is not exactly that which holds in the charging of ordinary condensers. The author showed that the deviation could be largely accounted for by the continual increase of transition resistance, the existence of which lie proves in a separate paper on that subject.
2. Problem in Relationship
Authors: Macfarlane A. 
Published: June 2016

The following problem was sent me by Mr Kirkman, F.R.S.; its solution illustrates the Calculus of Relationship, Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb., vol. xi. pp, 5 and 162:—Two boys, Smith and Jones, of the same age, are each the nephew of the other; how many legal solutions?The statements are that Smith is the nephew of Jones, and Jones the nephew of Smith. Let c denote child, then denotes parent, and the equations areHence .
6. On Laplace's Theory of the Internal Pressure in Liquids
Authors: Tait  
Published: June 2016

Laplace, assuming molecular force to be insensible at distances greater than a small quantity a, finds the resultant molecular force on a unit particle at a distance x within the (plane) surface. This being called X, the internal pressure iswhere p is the density of the liquid. But this is evidently the work required to take unit volume of the liquid (particle by particle) from the interior to the surface. And it is easily seen that to carry it from the surface beyond the range of the molecular forces requires just as much more work:—for the density of the surface-film is treated as equal to that of the rest of the liquid.
Note on the Relation between the Mutual Distances of Five Points in Space
Authors: Muir Thomas 
Published: June 2016

Lagrange, in his paper “Solutions analytiques de quelques problèmes sur les pyramides triangulaires,” Nouv. Mém. de l'Acad. Roy. … (de Berlin), Ann. 1773, pp. 149–176, gives unintentionally the following expression of the relationship between the mutual distances of five points in space, viz.where, if the points be called 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, the lettersand Δ, α, α′, α″, β, β′, β″, are certain functions of the said distances.
On the Anatomy and Histology of Phreoryctes
Authors: Beddard Frank E. 
Published: June 2016

(Abstract.)The genus Phreoryctes has been known to zoologists since the year 1843, but there is no published account of the reproductive system sufficiently detailed to permit of comparison with other Oligochæta. The gonads (testes and ovaries) and spermathecœ were discovered by Leydig, who did not distinguish between ovaries and testes, owing to the immature condition of the specimens studied. This writer considered that the genital products were evacuated through the nephridia of their segment. The supposition is, however, incorrect, as genital ducts exist. Mr W. W. Smith of Ashburton, New Zealand, forwarded to the author in the spring of 1888 a single specimen of a new species of Phreoryctes, which was described in the Annals and Magazine of Natural History for June 1888 as Phreoryctes Smithii. In that paper the gonads and their ducts were briefly described and figured.
A Method of Demonstrating the Presence of Uric Acid in the Contractile Vacuoles of some Lower Organisms
Authors: Griffiths A. B. 
Published: June 2016

After some years of patient observation and research, I have found, from direct experiment, that at certain times the contractile or pulsating vacuole of the Protozoa performs the function of a true kidney, or, in other words, its secretion is capable of yielding microscopic crystals of uric acid.Three organisms were used in these experiments, namely:- Amœba, Vorticella, and Paramœcium.
Observations upon the Structure of a Genus of Oligochæta belonging to the Limicoline Section
Authors: Beddard Frank E. 
Published: June 2016

(Abstract)The present paper refers to a number of specimens of Moniligaster, some of which belong to the species Moniligaster Barwelli already briefly described by myself;* others (one other at least) are possibly referable to a distinct species. I do not, however, give this species a name, principally for the reason that it will very possibly turn out to be identical with one or other of the species recently noted by Professor A. G. Bourne from the Nilgiris and Shevaroys. I am not at all certain that M. Barwelli is not identical with his M. minutus. The present paper contains a fuller account of the reproductive organs than I have yet given, but unfortunately it will be still found to be incomplete in certain particulars; some of these gaps, e.g., the clitellum and the egg-sacs, are filled up by Bourne's paper, assuming of course that the characters of these organs as given by Bourne will turn out to be generic, which is likely. The present paper contains some account of the other organs of the body, which has not yet been published
The Electrolysis of Potassium-Ethyl Malonate and of Potassium-Ethyl Succinate
Authors: Brown Crum , Walker James 
Published: June 2016

(Abstract)Synthesis of Succinic Acid.—Potassium-ethyl malonate is easily prepared according to the directions of Freund (Berichte der deut chem. Gesellschaft, xvii. 780).The conditions most favourable for the electrolysis were found to be as follows :—A large platinum crucible formed the cathode, while a spiral of stout platinum wire was used as the anode. The source of electricity was a battery of accumulators, and the current was so regulated that while passing through the solution it had an electromotive force of 12 volts and a strength of not more than 5 ampères. Under these circumstances the heat developed in the solution could be easily conducted away by a stream of cold water flowing round the platinum crucible.
On certain Substances found in the Urine, which reduce the Oxide of Copper upon Boiling in the presence of an Alkali
Authors: Ashdown Herbert H. 
Published: June 2016

(Abstract)As the immediate result of the ingestion of certain chemical compounds—chloral, camphor, benzol, phenol, &c.—substances make their appearance in the urine which have long been known to possess the power of reducing the oxides of some of the metals when in solution in the presence of an alkali, if that mixture be raised to the boiling point, but considerable confusion has resulted from the difficulty of finding a short process whereby many of these substances may be readily recognised as not belonging to that comprehensive group of conditions generally styled as glycosuria.
Notes on the Solution of certain Equations
Authors: Allardice R. E. 
Published: June 2016

The equations considered are equations of the third and fourth degree in a single variable, and systems consisting of two equations in two variables. This is a comparatively small class; but if there be added systems consisting of a single equation of the third or fourth degree and a number of others all of the first degree, it will include all equations which admit, in general, of an algebraic solution.The object of these notes is to point out the advantage of making greater use, than is generally the custom, of the discriminant in the solution of equations, and to emphasise the importance of looking for geometrical illustrations of analytical methods whenever this is possible. The usefulness of such illustrations is well known in considering, for example, limiting cases in the solution of equations, such as the cases of infinite roots and of equal roots, of the meaning of which it is almost impossible to form an adequate conception, without the use of such illustrations.
On the Structure and Contraction of Striped Muscular Fibre of the Crab and Lobster
Authors: Rutherford William 
Published: June 2016

(Abstract)The author gave an account of the microscopical appearances of striped muscle of the crab and lobster. The muscle of the crab and lobster is suitable for investigation because of the comparatively large size of the structural elements, and the readiness with which the sarcous matter can be fixed and otherwise prepared in different conditions. The author is entirely opposed to the opinions expressed by Melland, and more recently by Gehuchten, regarding the structure of the sarcous matter, and maintains, as he did at the International Medical Congress in 1881 (Transactions International Medical Congress, 1881, vol. i. p. 270), that the sarcous matter essentially consists of contractile fibrils, with an interstitial substance between them—an opinion previously expressed by Kölliker and others, and recently supported by Rollett.
On the Reflexion-Caustics of Symmetrical Curves
Authors: M'Laren  
Published: June 2016

The caustics here considered are those resulting from the reflexion of systems of parallel rays. The subject is purely geometrical. The caustic is considered as a derived curve, and is denned as the envelope of a system of lines drawn from the primary curve, whose inclination to a given line is double the inclination of the normal at the incident point.It is comparatively easy to find an expression for a caustic in mixed cöordinates. But, where the cöordinates of the primary curve have to be eliminated, the problem becomes more difficult, and unless this condition be fulfilled the expression cannot be considered a true analytical solution of the locus. In the present paper, differential and algebraic expressions are first found containing the cöordinates of the focal point corresponding to a point in the primary or reflecting curve, and the cöordinates of the latter are then eliminated between the differential and algebraic equations.
Synthesis by Means of Electrolysis.—Part III. Synthesis of n-Dicarbodecahexanic Acid
Authors: Brown Crum , Walker James 
Published: June 2016

(Abstract)The synthesis of the diethyl ether of this new acid was effected by the electrolysis of a strong aqueous solution of potassium ethyl sebate, COOC2H6(CH2)8COOK. This salt was prepared by adding the calculated quantity of alcoholic potash to an alcoholic solution of diethyl sebate. After some time the potassium ethyl salt began to separate out: the whole was then boiled, allowed to cool, and filtered. What remained on the filter was dissolved in water; the aqueous solution was extracted twice with ether, and then evaporated to a concentration suitable for electrolysis (cf. this vol. p. 54).
Note on Electrolytic Conduction
Authors: Mond Robert L. 
Published: June 2016

At the suggestion of Professor P. G. Tait, I undertook the further investigation of an experiment, an account of which he communicated to this Society on Monday, the 15th of April 1878.In this experiment a platinum plate of moderate thickness is inserted between the electrodes of an electrolytic cell, so as to completely fill the cross-section. This platinum plate thus becomes the common electrode of two cells, and on perforating it it is found that a comparatively small hole at once changes its functions to that of an obstacle in one cell.
Chairman's Opening Address
Authors: Maclagan Douglas 
Published: June 2016

My duty this evening is to give the usual Introductory Address at the opening of a new Session, this which commences this evening being the Society's 108th.Before doing so, however, I must try to disburden myself of a weight which has hung heavy upon me for the last few days, and consists in the difficulty, which I find to be insuperable, how to select adequate terms in which to express my sense of the honour which you have conferred upon me, in placing me in the position of your President. In my wildest dreams it never occurred to me that such an event was possible, till a short while ago when certain members of the Council hinted to me that such a step was in contemplation; and I can assure you that it was not without considerable hesitation that I acceded to the request that I should allow myself to be put in nomination.
On a Difference between the Diurnal Barometric Curves at Greenwich and at Kew
Authors: Buchan Alexander 
Published: June 2016

In the “Challenger” Report on atmospherical circulation, the diurnal barometric curves at Gries and Klagenfurt in the Tyrol, and at Cordova in the Argentine Eepublic, are specially examined.The most noticeable feature of these daily barometric oscillations is their very large amounts, those at Gries, for example, though in lat. 46° 30′ N., being quite tropical in amount; and the singular circumstance is that in no season does the morning minimum fall so low as the daily mean. Gries, Klagenfurt, and Cordova are each situated in a deep valley.
On some hitherto unproved Theorems in Determinants
Authors: Muir Thomas 
Published: June 2016

Most of the theorems in question occur at the outset of a paper by Professor Cayley, entitled, “Chapters on the Analytical Geometry of n Dimensions” they constitute, in fact, Chapter I. The first theorem I should prefer, for the present, to enunciate as follows:-If m determinants of the nthorder all have the same n − 1 columns in common, and all vanish, then every determinant of the nthorder whose n columns are chosen from the m + n − 1 different columns must vanish likewise.