bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medications associated with geriatric syndromes and their prevalence in older hospitalized adults discharged to skilled nursing facilities
Authors: Saraf Avantika A. , Petersen Alec W. , Simmons Sandra F. , Schnelle John F. , Bell Susan P. , Kripalani Sunil , Myers Amy P. , Mixon Amanda S. , Long Emily A. , Jacobsen J. Mary Lou , Vasilevskis Eduard E. 
Published: June 2016

BACKGROUNDMore than half of the hospitalized older adults discharged to skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) have more than 3 geriatric syndromes. Pharmacotherapy may be contributing to geriatric syndromes in this population.OBJECTIVESDevelop a list of medications associated with geriatric syndromes and describe their prevalence in patients discharged from acute care to SNFs.DESIGNLiterature review and multidisciplinary expert panel discussion, followed by cross‐sectional analysis.SETTINGAcademic medical center in the United StatesPARTICIPANTSOne hundred fifty‐four hospitalized Medicare beneficiaries discharged to SNFs.MEASUREMENTSDevelopment of a list of medications that are associated with 6 geriatric syndromes. Prevalence of the medications associated with geriatric syndromes was examined in the hospital discharge sample.RESULTSA list of 513 medications was developed as potentially contributing to 6 geriatric syndromes: cognitive impairment, delirium, falls, reduced appetite or weight loss, urinary incontinence, and depression. Medications included 18 categories. Antiepileptics were associated with all syndromes, whereas antipsychotics, antidepressants, antiparkinsonism, and opioid agonists were associated with 5 geriatric syndromes. In the prevalence sample, patients were discharged to SNFs with an overall average of 14.0 (±4.7) medications, including an average of 5.9 (±2.2) medications that could contribute to geriatric syndromes, with falls having the most associated medications at discharge at 5.5 (±2.2).CONCLUSIONSMany commonly prescribed medications are associated with geriatric syndromes. Over 40% of all medications ordered upon discharge to SNFs were associated with geriatric syndromes and could be contributing to the high prevalence of geriatric syndromes experienced by this population. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2016;11:694–700. © 2016 Society of Hospital Medicine
Predictors of short‐ and long‐term mortality in hospitalized veterans with elevated troponin
Authors: Winchester David E. , Burke Lucas , Agarwal Nayan , Schmalfuss Carsten , Pepine Carl J. 
Published: June 2016

BACKGROUNDCardiac troponin elevation is associated with mortality. We compared the mortality risk related to elevated troponin from acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and non‐ACS causes in a hospitalized elderly veteran population.METHODS AND RESULTSAs part of a quality initiative at our Veterans Affairs hospital, all patients with elevated troponin were evaluated by a cardiologist to determine if ACS was present and to recommend management. We selected a sample (n = 761) of consecutive patients studied between February 2006 and February 2007 and examined all‐cause mortality over extended follow‐up. Nearly all were men (99.1%), and about half had coronary disease (n = 385, 50.5%) and diabetes (n = 339, 44.4%). ACS patients had lower mortality that non‐ACS patients. Mortality began to diverge at 30 days; at 1 year it was 42.0% versus 29.0% (odds ratio [OR]: 0.56, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.41‐0.78) and at 6 years 77.7% versus 58.7% (OR: 0.41, 95% CI: 0.30‐0.56). Cox regression models for mortality at multiple time points yielded several independent factors associated with mortality; however, the distribution of the factors was not sufficient to explain the observed difference in mortality.CONCLUSIONSIn this elderly, male veteran population, mortality related to an elevated troponin was higher at 1 and 6 years for non‐ACS patients compared with ACS patients. Factors independently associated with a higher mortality risk were predominantly markers of general systemic illness, but did not elucidate the reasons why troponin elevation secondary to non‐ACS causes carries this higher risk. A better understanding of these cardiac troponin elevations and implications for future mortality requires additional investigation. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2016;11:773–777. © 2016 Society of Hospital Medicine
Conserved form and function of the germinal epithelium through 500 million years of vertebrate evolution
Authors: Grier Harry J. , Uribe Mari Carmen , Lo Nostro Fabiana L. , Mims Steven D. , Parenti Lynne R. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTThe germinal epithelium, i.e., the site of germ cell production in males and females, has maintained a constant form and function throughout 500 million years of vertebrate evolution. The distinguishing characteristic of germinal epithelia among all vertebrates, males, and females, is the presence of germ cells among somatic epithelial cells. The somatic epithelial cells, Sertoli cells in males or follicle (granulosa) cells in females, encompass and isolate germ cells. Morphology of all vertebrate germinal epithelia conforms to the standard definition of an epithelium: epithelial cells are interconnected, border a body surface or lumen, are avascular and are supported by a basement membrane. Variation in morphology of gonads, which develop from the germinal epithelium, is correlated with the evolution of reproductive modes. In hagfishes, lampreys, and elasmobranchs, the germinal epithelia of males produce spermatocysts. A major rearrangement of testis morphology diagnoses osteichthyans: the spermatocysts are arranged in tubules or lobules. In protogynous (female to male) sex reversal in teleost fishes, female germinal epithelial cells (prefollicle cells) and oogonia transform into the first male somatic cells (Sertoli cells) and spermatogonia in the developing testis lobules. This common origin of cell types from the germinal epithelium in fishes with protogynous sex reversal supports the homology of Sertoli cells and follicle cells. Spermatogenesis in amphibians develops within spermatocysts in testis lobules. In amniotes vertebrates, the testis is composed of seminiferous tubules wherein spermatogenesis occurs radially. Emerging research indicates that some mammals do not have lifetime determinate fecundity. The fact emerged that germinal epithelia occur in the gonads of all vertebrates examined herein of both sexes and has the same form and function across all vertebrate taxa. Continued study of the form and function of the germinal epithelium in vertebrates will increasingly clarify our understanding of vertebrate reproduction. J. Morphol. 277:1014–1044, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sustainable intensification: a multifaceted, systemic approach to international development
Authors: Himmelstein Jennifer , Ares Adrian , van Houweling Emily 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSustainable intensification (SI) is a term increasingly used to describe a type of approach applied to international agricultural projects. Despite its widespread use, there is still little understanding or knowledge of the various facets of this composite paradigm. A review of the literature has led to the formalization of three principles that convey the current characterization of SI, comprising a whole system, participatory, agroecological approach. Specific examples of potential bottlenecks to the SI approach are cited, in addition to various technologies and techniques that can be applied to overcome these obstacles. Models of similar, succcessful approaches to agricultural development are examined, along with higher level processes. Additionally, this review explores the desired end points of SI and argues for the inclusion of gender and nutrition throughout the process. To properly apply the SI approach, its various aspects need to be understood and adapted to different cultural and geographic situations. New modeling systems and examples of the effective execution of SI strategies can assist with the successful application of the SI paradigm within complex developing communities. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
PAMAM‐Conjugated Alumina Nanotubes as Novel Noncytotoxic Nanocarriers with Enhanced Drug Loading and Releasing Performances
Authors: Campos Cristian H. , Díaz Carola F. , Guzmán José L. , Alderete Joel B. , Torres Cecilia C. , Jiménez Verónica A. 
Published: June 2016

Alumina nanotubes are surface‐conjugated with polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers of the third generation, aimed at obtaining novel nanomaterials for drug delivery applications. The structure and surface properties of PAMAM‐conjugated alumina nanotubes (PAMAM‐Al2O3NT) are characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, solid state13C‐RMN, transmission electron microscopy, N2adsorption–desorption isotherms, X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), which supported for a 3.0 wt% of PAMAM grafting in the prepared product. The drug loading and releasing properties of PAMAM‐Al2O3NT are examined using three model therapeutic compounds, namely, curcumin, methotrexate, and silibinin, showing that PAMAM conjugation enhances the drug loading capacity and drug‐adsorbent affinity compared to pristine Al2O3NT systems. Additionally, Alamar Blue cell viability assays reveal that PAMAM‐Al2O3NT are not cytotoxic materials over a wide concentration range. These results suggest that PAMAM–Al2O3NT are potential nanostructured vehicles for drug delivery applications.image
Ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi respond differently to long‐term experimentally increased snow depth in the High Arctic
Authors: Mundra Sunil , Halvorsen Rune , Kauserud Håvard , Bahram Mohammad , Tedersoo Leho , Elberling Bo , Cooper Elisabeth J. , Eidesen Pernille Bronken 
Published: June 2016

AbstractChanging climate is expected to alter precipitation patterns in the Arctic, with consequences for subsurface temperature and moisture conditions, community structure, and nutrient mobilization through microbial belowground processes. Here, we address the effect of increased snow depth on the variation in species richness and community structure of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) and saprotrophic fungi. Soil samples were collected weekly from mid‐July to mid‐September in both control and deep snow plots. Richness of ECM fungi was lower, while saprotrophic fungi was higher in increased snow depth plots relative to controls. [Correction added on 23 September 2016 after first online publication: In the preceding sentence, the richness of ECM and saprotrophic fungi were wrongly interchanged and have been fixed in this current version.] ECM fungal richness was related to soil NO3‐N, NH4‐N, and K; and saprotrophic fungi to NO3‐N and pH. Small but significant changes in the composition of saprotrophic fungi could be attributed to snow treatment and sampling time, but not so for the ECM fungi. Delayed snow melt did not influence the temporal variation in fungal communities between the treatments. Results suggest that some fungal species are favored, while others are disfavored resulting in their local extinction due to long‐term changes in snow amount. Shifts in species composition of fungal functional groups are likely to affect nutrient cycling, ecosystem respiration, and stored permafrost carbon.
Dispositional mindfulness and employment status as predictors of resilience in third year nursing students: a quantitative study
Authors: Chamberlain Diane , Williams Allison , Stanley David , Mellor Peter , Cross Wendy , Siegloff Lesley 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundNursing students will graduate into stressful workplace environments and resilience is an essential acquired ability for surviving the workplace. Few studies have explored the relationship between resilience and the degree of innate dispositional mindfulness, compassion, compassion fatigue and burnout in nursing students, including those who find themselves in the position of needing to work in addition to their academic responsibilities.AimThis paper investigates the predictors of resilience, including dispositional mindfulness and employment status of third year nursing students from three Australian universities.DesignParticipants were 240 undergraduate, third year, nursing students. Participants completed a resilience measure (Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale, CD‐RISC), measures of dispositional mindfulness (Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale Revised, CAMS‐R) and professional quality of life (The Professional Quality of Life Scale version 5, PROQOL5), such as compassion satisfaction, compassion fatigue and burnout.MethodAn observational quantitative successive independent samples survey design was employed. A stepwise linear regression was used to evaluate the extent to which predictive variables were related each to resilience.ResultsThe predictive model explained 57% of the variance in resilience. Dispositional mindfulness subset acceptance made the strongest contribution, followed by the expectation of a graduate nurse transition programme acceptance, with dispositional mindfulness total score and employment greater than 20 hours per week making the smallest contribution. This was a resilient group of nursing students who rated high with dispositional mindfulness and exhibited hopeful and positive aspirations for obtaining a position in a competitive graduate nurse transition programme after graduation.
Going Beyond Heroic Leaders in Development
Authors: Andrews Matt 
Published: June 2016

SummaryLeadership is an under‐studied topic in international development. When the topic is broached it is usually to support what might be called a “hero dependency”: One or other individual is identified as the hero of a past event (or the hero‐to‐be of a future event). This article argues that this dependency is problematic, however, because (i) heroes have not emerged in many contexts for long periods and individuals who may have been considered heroes in the past often turned out less than heroic, (ii) heroes are at least as much the product of their contexts as they turned out to be the shapers of such, and (iii) stories about hero‐leaders doing special things mask the way such special things emerge from the complex interactions of many actors—some important and some mundane. Notions of hero‐leadership in development are less convincing when one appreciates these arguments. Referencing broader work on leadership (and some in the development space itself) the article calls development theorists and practitioners to go beyond the heroic leader perspective in thinking about who leads development. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Denosumab‐associated hypocalcaemia: incidence, severity and patient characteristics in a tertiary hospital setting
Authors: Huynh Andrew Liem Hieu , Baker Scott Thomas , Stewardson Andrew James , Johnson Douglas Forsyth 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPurposeDenosumab‐associated hypocalcaemia (DAH) has been reported in patients with osteoporosis or metastatic bone disease and is associated with stages 4 and 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD, estimated glomerular filtration rate <30 mL/min/1.73m2). Other risk factors for hypocalcaemia have not been fully elucidated.We aimed to investigate the incidence of hypocalcaemia amongst patients receiving denosumab and to identify clinical features associated with this adverse event.MethodsRetrospective cohort study between June 2013 and June 2014 of patients administered denosumab (60/120 mg) at a tertiary hospital in Melbourne, Australia, to identify the incidence of an albumin‐adjusted serum calcium concentration <2.10 mmol/L or ionized calcium <1.13 mmol/L within 6 months of treatment. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify clinical features associated with DAH.ResultsOne hundred and fifty‐five patients were administered denosumab (100 osteoporosis, 55 bone metastases). Twenty‐two patients (14% [95%CI 9.1–20.7]) developed hypocalcaemia: 55% were men, and 55% had osteoporosis. Eighty‐six per cent had a 25‐hydroxyvitamin D concentration >50 nmol/L, and 91% were on calcium/colecalciferol supplementation. Stages 4 and 5 CKD (adjusted odd ratio [aOR] 4.71, 95%CI 1.61–13.79, p = 0.005) and male sex (aOR 4.30, 95%CI 1.69–10.96, p = 0.002) were associated with DAH. No patients were documented as having hypocalcaemic symptoms. One patient received intravenous calcium gluconate treatment.ConclusionsThe incidence of denosumab‐associated hypocalcaemia was 14% (95%CI 9.1–20.7) within 6 months of treatment despite widespread use of appropriate calcium/colecalciferol supplementation. Stages 4 and 5 CKD and male sex were associated with subsequent hypocalcaemia. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultrathin gold nanowires for transparent electronics: Soft sintering and temperature stability
Authors: Maurer Johannes H. M. , Gonzalez‐Garcia Lola , Reiser Beate , Kanelidis Ioannis , Kraus Tobias 
Published: June 2016

Ultrathin gold nanowires (AuNWs) show prospects as components of materials for transparent and flexible electronics that exploit the wires’ high aspect ratio and mechanical flexibility. High junction resistances that are caused by the insulating oleylamine ligand shells and the wires’ intrinsic susceptibility to decomposition by the Rayleigh instability impede their use in the as‐synthesized state. Treatment by H2/Ar  plasma has been shown to improve conductivity and stability. We study the effects of a plasma treatment on morphology, chemistry, and temperature stability of AuNW layers by electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy. Plasma treatment effectively removes oleylamine and sinters the individual ultrathin wires to superstructures with enhanced conductivity and temperature stability.Bundles of single ultrathin AuNWs can be sintered to continuous superstructures with enhanced conductivity and stability by H2/Ar plasma treatment.
Jan Vanhellemont – 35 years of materials research in microelectronics
Authors: Kissinger Gudrun , Simoen Eddy , Claeys Cor , Clauws Paul , Śpiewak Piotr , Sueoka Koji , Yang Deren 
Published: June 2016

AbstractOn the occasion of the decease of Prof. Jan Vanhellemont, a brief overview of his scientific career, covering more than 35 years in semiconductor materials science, is given in this paper. The main scientific highlights are summarized. Besides the different positions he has taken in his career at different universities and companies, he has also been very active in establishing a world‐wide network of collaborations and contacts, who often became also good friends. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Deposition of a‐Si:H thin films using tailored voltage waveform plasmas: impact on microstructure and stability
Authors: Wang Junkang , Longeaud Christophe , Ventosinos Federico , Daineka Dmitri , Yaakoubi Mustapha El , Johnson Erik V. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractExciting processing plasmas using non‐sinusoidal, “Tailored” voltage waveforms (TVWs), have recently been shown to be effective to separately control the maximum ion bombardment energy (IBE) and the ion flux on each electrode in the capacitively coupled plasma (RF‐CCP) processes. In this work, we use it to deposit hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a‐Si:H) thin films from hydrogen‐diluted silane by low temperature plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The impact of using TVWs on the material's structural and electronic properties is examined. Excessively low IBE can lead to a high Si‐H2bonded hydrogen content within the deposited films, which results in a deterioration of the material stability upon light‐soaking, detectable at a microstructure level. A low content of hydrogen bonded in a Si‐H2configuration and a low sub‐gap density of states was observed in the film deposited using a “sawtooth‐down” type of waveform. Such excitation also produced the a‐Si:H films with the best transport properties (majority and minority carrier μτ‐products and the ambipolar diffusion length) and stability under light‐soaking. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effects of substrate temperature on change in percolation properties of ultra thin dielectric films
Authors: Milanović Zeljka , Zulim Ivan , Pivac Branko 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we explored the impact of surface roughness on ultra‐thin dielectrics characteristics. Simple cubic lattice is used as a base for depositing spheres of radius R, designed as a thin film, as the base for simulation of defects generation and deposition. Continuum percolation model, used to generate a rough surface in order to analyse how roughness and temperature influence the conductivity, consists of randomly placed spheres of either one or some distribution of radii, which then form a thin, rough layer in question. It is shown that when the temperature of the substrate is increased material defects tend to form within the film contributing to a faster cluster growth and greater film conductivity. The influence of temperature on average cluster size for homogeneous distribution of defects is assumed according to the applied temperature (depending on the free carrier's diffusion length) is researched. It is evident from the performed simulations that temperature has an important influence on thin film conductivity in several different ways; it can contribute to the increase of the number of spanning clusters or the average size of clusters. This way, defects can either provide starting points for new spanning clusters or can encourage clusters merging. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Cardiac Disease‐Induced Post‐traumatic Stress Symptoms (CDI‐PTSS) Among Patients' Partners
Authors: Fait Keren , Vilchinsky Noa , Dekel Rachel , Levi Nitza , Hod Hanoch , Matetzky Shlomi 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIt is well established that a patient's partner can be deeply affected by the traumatizing nature of the patient's illness. Yet, no study to date has focused on post‐traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) among partners of patients coping with an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The current study's main aims were to address this gap and to evaluate cardiac disease‐induced (CDI) PTSS prevalence in partners of patients who experienced ACS. Patients who experienced ACS and their partners were interviewed by telephone 2 to 6 months after patients' hospitalization. All patients and partners were screened for CDI‐PTSS. Demographic and medical variables as well as partners' level of exposure to the cardiac event were assessed. Prevalence of CDI‐PTSS was higher among partners than among patients. Partners' number of CDI‐PTSS was not significantly associated with patients' number of CDI‐PTSS or with any of the other explanatory factors measured, except for education level. The preliminary results that arose from the current study point to the vast number of individuals who must act as caregivers for their ill partners while having to cope with their own PTSS. Much effort should be channelled into integrating partners into cardiac recovery programmes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.