bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender in family therapy education: reflections of cis‐females
Authors: Mui‐Teng Quek Karen , Eppler Christie , Morgan Martha L. 
Published: April 2016

Purpose: Research indicates that family therapy courses in gender studies affect both female and male students to the same degree. How female students experience a gender‐focused family therapy class has yet to be explored. This qualitative study focused on self‐identified cis‐female students' experiences in a ten‐week course on gender in family therapy. The purpose of this study was to present female students' critical reflections of taking a clinical training course dedicated to gender studies.Method: Using transcendental phenomenology, we analysed reflections from 86 student‐participants regarding how they perceived themselves as gendered and how new information had transformed their thoughts and actions. Thematic analysis from the data was inductive, we read and reread the reflections and then generated several main themes.Results: Participants were challenged to revisit gendered assumptions about significant and insignificant concerns in their development. We organized women's self‐reports into four domains: Affect, Identity, Empowerment, and Action.Conclusions: In summary, addressing gender‐related topics in the classroom had impacted students intra‐personally and interpersonally. As they processed internally, they began to reshape their relationships. Additionally, they planned to become agents of change in therapy room.Practitioner points

Therapists recognize how gender‐related power differences, gender roles in societal and familial systems, and the ways unequal gender relations affect relationships
Therapists address not only the position of women in their cultures but also how their social environment reproduces this positioning within its own ranks
Educators ensure that their pedagogies and therapeutic practices constantly reflect gender‐aware practices in order to be culturally competent
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome‐based severe sepsis screening algorithms in emergency department patients with suspected sepsis
Authors: Shetty Amith L , Brown Tristam , Booth Tarra , Van Kim Linh , Dor‐Shiffer Daphna E , Vaghasiya Milan R , Eccleston Cassanne E , Iredell Jonathan 
Published: April 2016

AbstractObjectiveSystemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)‐based severe sepsis screening algorithms have been utilised in stratification and initiation of early broad spectrum antibiotics for patients presenting to EDs with suspected sepsis. We aimed to investigate the performance of some of these algorithms on a cohort of suspected sepsis patients.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis on an ED‐based prospective sepsis registry at a tertiary Sydney hospital, Australia. Definitions for sepsis were based on the 2012 Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines. Numerical values for SIRS criteria and ED investigation results were recorded at the trigger of sepsis pathway on the registry. Performance of specific SIRS‐based screening algorithms at sites from USA, Canada, UK, Australia and Ireland health institutions were investigated.ResultsSevere sepsis screening algorithms' performance was measured on 747 patients presenting with suspected sepsis (401 with severe sepsis, prevalence 53.7%). Sensitivity and specificity of algorithms to flag severe sepsis ranged from 20.2% (95% CI 16.4–24.5%) to 82.3% (95% CI 78.2–85.9%) and 57.8% (95% CI 52.4–63.1%) to 94.8% (95% CI 91.9–96.9%), respectively. Variations in SIRS values between uncomplicated and severe sepsis cohorts were only minor, except a higher mean lactate (>1.6 mmol/L, P < 0.01).ConclusionsWe found the Ireland and JFK Medical Center sepsis algorithms performed modestly in stratifying suspected sepsis patients into high‐risk groups. Algorithms with lactate levels thresholds of >2 mmol/L rather than >4 mmol/L performed better. ED sepsis registry‐based characterisation of patients may help further refine sepsis definitions of the future.
Patient‐Specific Relationship Between Hydraulic Permeability of Microvasculature and the Extent of Burden of Excess Fluid in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Yashiro Masatomo , Ochiai Miyuki , Yanai Yuko , Kotera Hirohisa , Iehara Noriyuki 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWe have reported a significant correlation between hydraulic permeability of microvasculature adjusted with ultrafiltration rate (AdjLpst) and excess fluid divided by dry weight (ExF/DW) in a cross‐sectional study of hemodialysis patients. We aimed to study longitudinally whether a similar relationship between them exists in each patient. Twelve hemodialysis (HD) patients in whom AdjLpst and ExF/DW had been measured more than four times (total of 85 measurements) were enrolled. AdjLpst was calculated by monitoring blood volume during HD. ExF was calculated from the fluid volume measured via bioimpedance spectroscopy. The borders of overhydration were 1.66 mL/mm Hg per min for AdjLpst and a positive value for ExF/DW. There was a significant correlation between AdjLpst and ExF/DW (r = 0.517). When the 85 measurements were classified into four quadrants according to ExF/DW and AdjLpst, the evaluations of fluid status agreed in 66 measurements. In six patients, significant positive correlations were found. In nine patients, equal to or more than 80.0% of evaluations by AdjLpst and those by ExF/DW agreed. In only one patient was there neither significant correlation nor agreement. AdjLpst of two patients suffering from chronic heart failure and microscopic polyangiitis was reduced compared with that of others loaded with the same extent of excess fluid. We concluded that there was a significant correlation between AdjLpst and ExF/DW and high agreement between evaluation by AdjLpst and evaluation by ExF/DW in the majority of patients. However, the relationship between them was patient‐specific to some extent.
Governmental standard drink definitions and low‐risk alcohol consumption guidelines in 37 countries
Authors: Kalinowski Agnieszka , Humphreys Keith 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackground and AimsOne of the challenges of international alcohol research and policy is the variability in and lack of knowledge of how governments in different nations define a standard drink and low‐risk drinking. This study gathered such information from governmental agencies in 37 countries.MethodsA pool of 75 countries that might have definitions was created using World Health Organization (WHO) information and the authors' own judgement. Structured internet searches of relevant terms for each country were supplemented by efforts to contact government agencies directly and to consult with alcohol experts in the country.ResultsMost of the 75 national governments examined were not identified as having adopted a standard drink definition. Among the 37 that were so identified, the modal standard drink size was 10 g pure ethanol, but variation was wide (8–20 g). Significant variability was also evident for low‐risk drinking guidelines, ranging from 10–42 g per day for women and 10–56 g per day for men to 98–140 g per week for women and 150–280 g per week for men.ConclusionsResearchers working and communicating across national boundaries should be sensitive to the substantial variability in ‘standard’ drink definitions and low‐risk drinking guidelines. The potential impact of guidelines, both in general and in specific national cases, remains an important question for public health research.
Clinical outcomes after spontaneous and nucleos(t)ide analogue‐treated HBsAg seroclearance in chronic HBV infection
Authors: Chen Y. C. , Jeng W. J. , Chien R. N. , Chu C. M. , Liaw Y. F. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryBackgroundBoth spontaneous and nucleos(t)ide analogue (Nuc)‐treated hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroclearance are associated with excellent clinical outcomes.AimTo conduct a case–control study to explore whether there is difference of clinical outcomes between these two groups.MethodsA total of 312 chronic hepatitis B patients with spontaneous HBsAg seroclearance and 110 patients with Nuc‐treated HBsAg seroclearance were recruited retrospectively. Propensity score (PS) matching method produced 98 patients in each group for comparison. The development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), hepatic complications and cumulative incidence of antibody to HBsAg (anti‐HBs) was compared.ResultsDuring a mean follow‐up period of 107 months after HBsAg seroclearance, five patients developed HCC after a mean period of 75.3 months (four and one patients with spontaneous and Nuc‐treated HBsAg seroclearance, respectively) in overall population. One died of pneumonia with sepsis and one experienced variceal bleeding in Nuc‐treated patients but none in spontaneous group. The incidence of anti‐HBs seroconversion was comparable between spontaneous and Nuc‐treated HBsAg seroclearance (69.6% vs. 66.4%, respectively, P = 0.617). There were no significant differences in HCC development (2% vs. 1.1%), overall mortality (0% vs. 1%), variceal bleeding (0% vs. 4.2%) and 6‐year cumulative incidence of anti‐HBs seroconversion (62.3% vs. 61.5%) among PS‐matched patients with spontaneous and Nuc‐treated HBsAg seroclearance.ConclusionsThe clinical outcomes between patients with spontaneous and Nuc‐treated HBsAg seroclearance are comparable. HCC can develop at a low rate during long‐term follow‐up and periodic surveillance after HBsAg seroclearance is still mandatory.
Effects of supplementing an active dry yeast product on rumen microbial community composition and on subsequent rumen fermentation of lactating cows in the mid‐to‐late lactation period
Authors: Uyeno Yutaka , Akiyama Kiyoshi , Hasunuma Toshiya , Yamamoto Hiroshi , Yokokawa Hiroaki , Yamaguchi Tsuneko , Kawashima Kenji , Itoh Minoru , Kushibiki Shiro , Hirako Makoto 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe effects of supplementing feed of cows in mid‐to‐late lactation with an active yeast product (Actisaf Sc 47) were evaluated using 15 Holstein cows in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design. The animals were fed a mixed ration with 33% neutral detergent fiber, consisting of timothy hay (29.8%), a commercial concentrate (70.0%) and commercial calcium triphosphate (0.2%), twice daily to meet 105% of their energy requirement. Yeast supplement was set at 0, 5 and 10 g per day over 21‐day periods, each of which consisted of 14 days for adaptation followed by 7 days of data collection. Milking performance, plasma metabolite parameters, rumen volatile fatty acids, lipopolysaccharide and microbial properties were measured. Although there were no significant differences in feeding and milking performance or blood parameters associated with supplementation, the acetate to propionate ratio in the rumen fluid tended to decrease (P = 0.08). The population of Bacteroidetes tended to be less prominent (P = 0.07) and the fibrolytic bacterium Fibrobacter significantly increased (P < 0.05) in the rumen fluid of the yeast 10 g group compared with that of the control. These data suggest that effects of supplementing live yeast to cows in mid‐to‐late lactation may be limited to microbial composition and fermentation characteristics in the rumen.
How technology shapes assessment design: Findings from a study of university teachers
Authors: Bennett Sue , Dawson Phillip , Bearman Margaret , Molloy Elizabeth , Boud David 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA wide range of technologies has been developed to enhance assessment, but adoption has been inconsistent. This is despite assessment being critical to student learning and certification. To understand why this is the case and how it can be addressed, we need to explore the perspectives of academics responsible for designing and implementing technology‐supported assessment strategies. This paper reports on the experience of designing technology‐supported assessment based on interviews with 33 Australian university teachers. The findings reveal the desire to achieve greater efficiencies and to be contemporary and innovative as key drivers of technology adoption for assessment. Participants sought to shape student behaviors through their designs and made adaptations in response to positive feedback and undesirable outcomes. Many designs required modification because of a lack of appropriate support, leading to compromise and, in some cases, abandonment. These findings highlight the challenges to effective technology‐supported assessment design and demonstrate the difficulties university teachers face when attempting to negotiate mixed messages within institutions and the demands of design work. We use these findings to suggest opportunities to improve support by offering pedagogical guidance and technical help at critical stages of the design process and encouraging an iterative approach to design.
An investigation of the effects of programming with Scratch on the preservice IT teachers’ self‐efficacy perceptions and attitudes towards computer programming
Authors: Yukselturk Erman , Altiok Serhat 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of programming with Scratch on the views of preservice Information Technology (IT) teachers towards computer programming. The study sample consisted of 151 preservice IT teachers who took an elective course including a Scratch module in the 2013–14 academic year. Three online questionnaires (Personal Information Questionnaire, The Computer Programming Self‐Efficacy Scale and The Computer Programming Learning Attitude Scale) were used to gather the quantitative data and focus group interviews were conducted to collect the qualitative data regarding the preservice IT teachers’ views in more detail. According to the results, there were significant increases in the mean of the preservice IT teachers’ self‐efficacy perceptions regarding almost all complex programming tasks after their Scratch programming experience. The results also showed that the preservice IT teachers’ negative attitudes towards programming decreased significantly and programming in the Scratch platform had significantly positive effects on the preservice IT teachers’ attitudes regarding some items in the scale.
Clinical activity of carfilzomib correlates with inhibition of multiple proteasome subunits: application of a novel pharmacodynamic assay
Authors: Lee Susan J. , Levitsky Konstantin , Parlati Francesco , Bennett Mark K. , Arastu‐Kapur Shirin , Kellerman Lois , Woo Tina F. , Wong Alvin F. , Papadopoulos Kyriakos P. , Niesvizky Ruben , Badros Ashraf Z. , Vij Ravi , Jagannath Sundar , Siegel David , Wang Michael , Ahmann Gregory J. , Kirk Christopher J. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryWhile proteasome inhibition is a validated therapeutic approach for multiple myeloma (MM), inhibition of individual constitutive proteasome (c20S) and immunoproteasome (i20S) subunits has not been fully explored owing to a lack of effective tools. We utilized the novel proteasome constitutive/immunoproteasome subunit enzyme‐linked immunosorbent (ProCISE) assay to quantify proteasome subunit occupancy in samples from five phase I/II and II trials before and after treatment with the proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib. Following the first carfilzomib dose (15–56 mg/m2), dose‐dependent inhibition of c20S and i20S chymotrypsin‐like active sites was observed [whole blood: ≥67%; peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs): ≥75%]. A similar inhibition profile was observed in bone marrow–derived CD138+ tumour cells. Carfilzomib‐induced proteasome inhibition was durable, with minimal recovery in PBMCs after 24 h but near‐complete recovery between cycles. Importantly, the ProCISE assay can be used to quantify occupancy of individual c20S and i20S subunits. We observed a relationship between MM patient response (n = 29), carfilzomib dose and occupancy of multiple i20S subunits, where greater occupancy was associated with an increased likelihood of achieving a clinical response at higher doses. ProCISE represents a new tool for measuring proteasome inhibitor activity in clinical trials and relating drug action to patient outcomes.
Effects of pharmacological and genetic disruption of CXCR4 chemokine receptor function in B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: Randhawa Shubhchintan , Cho Byung S. , Ghosh Dipanjan , Sivina Mariela , Koehrer Stefan , Müschen Markus , Peled Amnon , Davis Richard E. , Konopleva Marina , Burger Jan A. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryB cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (B‐ALL) cells express high levels of CXCR4 chemokine receptors for homing and retention within the marrow microenvironment. Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) secrete CXCL12, the ligand for CXCR4, and protect B‐ALL cells from cytotoxic drugs. Therefore, the therapeutic use of CXCR4 antagonists has been proposed to disrupt cross talk between B‐ALL cells and the protective stroma. Because CXCR4 antagonists can have activating agonistic function, we compared the genetic and pharmacological deletion of CXCR4 in B‐ALL cells, using CRISPR‐Cas9 gene editing and CXCR4 antagonists that are in clinical use (plerixafor, BKT140). Both genetic and pharmacological CXCR4 inhibition significantly reduced B‐ALL cell migration to CXCL12 gradients and beneath BMSC, and restored drug sensitivity to dexamethasone, vincristine and cyclophosphamide. NOD/SCID/IL‐2rγnull mice injected with CXCR4 gene‐deleted B‐ALL cells had significant delay in disease progression and superior survival when compared to control mice injected with CXCR4 wild‐type B‐ALL cells. These findings indicate that anti‐leukaemia activity of CXCR4 antagonists is primarily due to CXCR4 inhibition, rather than agonistic activity, and corroborate that CXCR4 is an important target to overcome stroma‐mediated drug resistance in B‐ALL.
Where are Ecology and Biodiversity in Social–Ecological Systems Research? A Review of Research Methods and Applied Recommendations
Authors: Rissman Adena R. , Gillon Sean 
Published: April 2016

AbstractUnderstanding social–ecological systems (SES) is critical for effective sustainability and biodiversity conservation initiatives. We systematically reviewed SES research to examine whether and how it integrates ecological and social domains and generates decision‐relevant recommendations. We aim to inform SES research methods and improve the relevance of SES research. Of 120 SES articles, two‐thirds included an ecological variable while all but one included a social variable. Biodiversity was a less common ecological variable than resource productivity, land cover, and abiotic measures. We found six diverse social–ecological linking methods: modeling (9%), causal loop diagrams (18%), quantitative correlations (8%), separate quantitative measures (13%), indicators (14%), and rich description (37%). Policy recommendations addressing social–ecological dynamics were more likely in articles including both ecological and social variables, suggesting the importance of research approach for policy and practice application. Further integration of ecology and biodiversity is needed to support governance, policy, and management for SES sustainability.
Prevention knowledge, risk behaviours and seroprevalence among nonurban injectors of southwest Connecticut
Authors: Grau Lauretta E. , Zhan Weihai , Heimer Robert 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIntroduction and AimsLittle is known about injection‐associated risk behaviours, knowledge and seroprevalence of viral infections among people who inject drugs (PWID) in nonurban locales in the US. Harm reduction services are more available in urban locales. The present study examined a cohort of active PWID residing in non urban areas of Connecticut to investigate how primarily injecting in urban or non urban areas was associated with injection‐associated risk behaviours, knowledge and prevalence of blood‐borne viruses.Design and MethodsWe described the sample and performed bivariate and multivariable analyses on injection‐associated risk behaviours, HIV/hepatitis/overdose knowledge and baseline serological data to identify differences between individuals who injected primarily in nonurban locales and those who did not.ResultsHarm reduction knowledge and use of harm reduction services were poor in both groups. Those injecting most often in urban settings were 1.88 (1.19, 2.98 95% confidence interval) times more likely to engage in at least one injection‐associated risk behaviour than their nonurban counterpart. Seroprevalence rates (23.6% for hepatitis B virus, 39.2% for hepatitis C virus, and 1.1% for HIV) were no different between the two groups.Discussion and ConclusionsThe data provided little evidence that the benefits of urban harm reduction programs, such as syringe exchange, risk reduction interventions and education programs have penetrated into this nonurban population, even among those who injected in urban locales where such programs exist. Harm reduction interventions for nonurban communities of PWID are needed to reduce HIV and hepatitis B and C transmission. [Grau LB, Zhan W, Heimer R. Prevention knowledge, risk behaviours and seroprevalence among nonurban injectors of southwest Connecticut. Drug Alcohol Rev 2016;35:628‐636]
Functional identity is the main driver of diversity effects in young tree communities
Authors: Tobner Cornelia M. , Paquette Alain , Gravel Dominique , Reich Peter B. , Williams Laura J. , Messier Christian 
Published: April 2016

AbstractTwo main effects are proposed to explain biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationships: niche complementarity and selection effects. Both can be functionally defined using the functional diversity (FD) and functional identity (FI) of the community respectively. Herein, we present results from the first tree diversity experiment that separated the effect of selection from that of complementarity by varying community composition in high‐density plots along a gradient of FD, independent of species richness and testing for the effects of FD and community weighted means of traits (a proxy for FI) on stem biomass increment (a proxy for productivity). After 4 years of growth, most mixtures did not differ in productivity from the averages of their respective monocultures, but some did overyield significantly. Those positive diversity effects resulted mostly from selection effects, primarily driven by fast‐growing deciduous species and associated traits. Net diversity effect did not increase with time over 4 years.
Independence of seasonal patterns of root functional traits and rooting strategy of a grass‐clover sward from sward age and slurry application
Authors: Chen S.‐M. , Lin S. , Loges R. , Reinsch T. , Hasler M. , Taube F. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractRoot functional traits (RFTs) are crucial for understanding nutrient cycling processes. However, seasonal variation of RFTs and their potential changes in root foraging pattern have been almost ignored in field studies. In this work, belowground net primary production (BNPP, g m−2), root length density (RLD, km m−2), specific root length (SRL, m g−1), root N concentration and C/N ratio in defoliated grass‐clover swards of different sward ages and receiving different cattle slurry levels were investigated for 2 years. All measured RFTs showed significant seasonal variation: in general, seasonal variation was most marked between primary growth period (until heading stage of perennial ryegrass) and subsequent regrowth periods following defoliation; meanwhile, the rooting pattern also differed. These phenomena were not affected by current management or sward composition, but were correlated with plant C availability. Daily BNPP and RLD rates varied 7‐ to 8‐fold in the growing season. Moreover, BNPP and RLD were asynchronous due to seasonal variation in SRL. Rooting pattern and the relationship with shoot phenology are discussed. We conclude that root functional traits vary with season; thus, roots which develop in different seasons may be involved in belowground nutrient cycling processes with different turnover characteristics; trade‐off among traits may also involve temporal variation. Root‐C related investigations in grass‐clover swards should include root mass sampling rather than use of root length observations alone.