bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A randomised controlled trial on evaluation of the clinical efficacy of massage therapy in a multisensory environment for residents with severe and profound intellectual disabilities: a pilot study
Authors: Chan J. S. L. , Chien W. T. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundRecent literature has suggested that relaxation activities can reduce the challenging behaviours of people with intellectual disabilities, particularly in severe and profound grades, due to the counteractive effect of muscle relaxation on emotional frustration or psychological distress. Despite having inconclusive evidence, multisensory environment (MSE) and massage therapy (MT) are the commonly used approaches to relaxation among these people. However, these two approaches have not yet practised or tested in combination for reducing these people's challenging behaviours.MethodsA preliminary clinical efficacy trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of MT, MSE and their combined use for residents with intellectual disabilities in a long‐term care facility on reducing their challenging behaviours. Eligible residents were recruited and randomly assigned to one of the four study groups (n = 11–12 per group), that is, MT in MSE, MSE alone, MT alone or usual care, for a 10‐week intervention after a 1‐month washout period. Outcome measures, including the Behaviour Problem Inventory, pulse and respiration rates, Behaviour Checklist and Alertness Observation Checklist, were assessed at recruitment and immediately following the interventions.ResultsA total of 42 participants (17 men and 25 women) completed the study. There were no significant differences in frequency and severity of challenging behaviours and most of the outcome measures between the four groups at post‐test. Nevertheless, there were statistical significant differences on the active and inactive state (Alertness Observation Checklist) between the three treatment and control groups. Many participants in the three treatment groups changed from an active to inactive state (i.e. reduced activity levels) throughout the interventions, especially the MT in MSE. Such inactivity might suggest the participants' brief exhaustion followed by a period of alertness during the treatment activities. But their attention span and social contact to the immediate environment could still be maintained.ConclusionsParticipants of MT in multisensory environment acquired more inactive state than the other study groups. This inactive state indicates a state of ‘passive alertness’, which is more likely in a relaxing manner.
Clinical and genetic aspects of the 15q11.2 BP1–BP2 microdeletion disorder
Authors: Butler M. G. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe 15q11.2 BP1–BP2 microdeletion (Burnside–Butler susceptibility locus) is an emerging condition with over 200 individuals reported in the literature. TUBGCP5, CFYIP1, NIPA1 and NIPA2 genes are located in this chromosome 15 region and when disturbed individually are known to cause neurological, cognitive or behavioural problems as well as playing a role in both Prader–Willi and Angelman syndromes. These syndromes were the first examples in humans of genomic imprinting and typically caused by a deletion but involving the distal chromosome 15q11–q13 breakpoint BP3 and proximally placed breakpoints BP1 or BP2 of different parental origin. The typical 15q11–q13 deletion involves BP1 and BP3 and the typical type II deletion at BP2 and BP3. Several studies have shown that individuals with the larger type I deletion found in both Prader–Willi and Angelman syndromes are reported with more severe neurodevelopmental symptoms compared to those individuals with the smaller type II deletion.MethodsThe literature was reviewed and clinical and cytogenetic findings summarised in 200 individuals with this microdeletion along with the role of deleted genes in diagnosis, medical care and counseling of those affected and their family members.ResultsReported findings in this condition include developmental delays (73% of cases) and language impairment (67%) followed by motor delay (42%), attention deficit disorder/attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (35%) and autism spectrum disorder (27%). The de novo deletion frequency has been estimated at 5 to 22% with low penetrance possibly related to subclinical manifestation or incomplete clinical information on family members. A prevalence of 0.6 to 1.3% has been identified in one study for patients with neurological or behavioural problems presenting for genetic services and chromosomal microarray analysis.ConclusionsThe summarised results indicate that chromosome 15q11.2 BP1–BP2 microdeletion is emerging as one of the most common cytogenetic abnormalities seen in individuals with intellectual impairment, autism spectrum disorder and other related behavioural or clinical findings, but more research is needed.
Relationships Between Nurse Staffing and Patients’ Experiences, and the Mediating Effects of Missed Nursing Care
Authors: Cho Sung‐Hyun , Mark Barbara A. , Knafl George , Chang Hyoung Eun , Yoon Hyo‐Jeong 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPurposeThe aims of this study were to examine the relationships between nurse staffing and patients’ experiences, and to determine the mediating effects of patient‐reported missed care on the relationship between nurse staffing and patients’ experiences.DesignThe study included 362 nurses and 208 patients from 23 nursing units of six hospitals in South Korea.MethodsNurse staffing was measured by patient‐to‐nurse ratios and by nurse‐ and patient‐perceived staffing adequacy. Patients’ experiences included adverse events, communication with nurses, and overall hospital rating. Patient‐reported missed care was measured using the MISSCARE Survey–Patient with three domains: communication, basic care, and timely response.FindingsLower nurse‐perceived staffing adequacy was associated with more patient‐reported missed communication. Lower patient‐perceived staffing adequacy was associated with more missed care and adverse events, and a lower likelihood of experiencing good communication with nurses and of giving a high overall rating to the hospital. Patient‐reported missed care mediated the relationship between nurse staffing and patients’ experiences.ConclusionsNurse staffing adequacy, particularly as perceived by patients, was significantly associated with patient‐reported missed communication and basic care, as well as patients’ experiences.Clinical RelevanceAppropriate nurse staffing is required to reduce missed care and to improve patients’ experiences.
Seeds of accumulation: Molecular breeding and the seed corn industry in Hawai‘i
Authors: Schrager Benjamin , Suryanata Krisnawati 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis paper examines how the application of advances in molecular biology change the relationships between nature and capital through a case study of Hawaiˋi's seed corn industry. Hawaiˋi's relatively minor role as a winter nursery changed in the late 1990s after the seed corn industry was reshaped by a series of techno‐scientific innovations and organizational restructuring. We draw attention to a molecular breeding technique called marker‐assisted selection (MAS) that accelerates crop improvement cycles by making parent lines selection more efficient and by taking advantage of extra growing seasons in tropical locations such as Hawaiˋi. Additionally, we argue that a wider application of MAS enhances seed firms’ geographical flexibility, allowing them to capitalize on the institutional rents of Hawaiˋi's agrarian politics and overcome challenges that might emerge in the future.
Locator Versus Bar Attachment Effect on the Retention and Stability of Implant‐Retained Maxillary Overdenture: An In Vitro Study
Authors: ELsyad Moustafa Abdou , Dayekh Mahmoud Abdehamid , Khalifa Ahmed Khalifa 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPurposeTo compare retention and stability of Locator and bar attachments for implant‐retained maxillary overdentures.Materials and MethodsFour implants were inserted into a maxillary acrylic resin model in canines and second premolar areas. Experimental overdentures were connected to the implants with bar (group I) or Locator (group II) attachments. Locators were divided into 3 subgroups according the degree of retention of the patrix nylon insert: Locator blue (group IIa), Locator pink (group IIb), and Locator transparent (group IIc). Retention (vertical dislodging) and stability (lateral, anterior, posterior dislodging) forces (N) were measured at the start of the experiment (initial retention) and after 540 cycles of denture insertion and removal (final retention).ResultsThe highest initial and final stability was recorded with group IIc, followed by group IIb and group IIa, and the lowest retention and stability was noted with group I. For all groups, the highest final retention and stability forces were noted with vertical dislodging, followed by posterior dislodging, anterior dislodging, and lateral dislodging. The highest loss of retention and stability was recorded with group I, followed by group IIc, group IIb, and group IIa.ConclusionLocator attachments are recommended to retain maxillary overdentures over Dolder bar attachments, as Locator attachments were associated with high retention and stability after wear simulation with minimal retention loss.
Putty Index for Tripoding
Authors: Afsal A. S. , Aravindakshan Shyammohan , Thomas Sebastian , Musthafa Najma , Ismail Shahin 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPrecise orientation and transfer of the selected path of insertion and removal is a critical step in cast removable partial denture prosthesis design. An easy technique for registering the same is described using addition silicon putty and a used diamond disk.
Amlodipine: The double edged sword
Authors: Rabah Fatma , El‐Naggari Mohamed , Al‐Nabhani Dana 
Published: April 2017

AimAmlodipine, a calcium channel blocker became one of the most popular antihypertensive medications used in the paediatric population. This is mainly due to its long half‐life making it easy to use as a single daily dose. Amlodipine is associated with common side effects like flushing, headache and dizziness. The incidence of amlodipine‐related oedema was noted to be lower in the paediatric population compared to adults. We emphasise the importance of monitoring the development of oedema in patients treated with amlodipine.MethodsHereby, we report four paediatric cases with amlodipine‐related generalised oedema.ConclusionResolution of the oedema with stoppage of amlodipine confirms its culprit as a cause of the oedema. To our knowledge, this is the largest case series of amlodipine‐related generalised oedema in the paediatric population.
Plasma N‐Terminal Probrain Natriuretic Peptide, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, and Cardiac Troponin I as Novel Biomarkers of Hypertensive Disease and Target Organ Damage in Cats
Authors: Bijsmans E.S. , Jepson R.E. , Wheeler C. , Syme H.M. , Elliott J. 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundIn the absence of ocular target organ damage (ocular‐TOD), diagnosis of hypertension is challenging in cats. Biomarkers would provide additional support for the diagnosis of hypertension.HypothesisVascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), N‐terminal probrain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), and urine protein‐to‐creatinine ratio (UPC) are predictors of systemic hypertension, will be increased in cats with hypertension with or without ocular‐TOD, and will decrease with antihypertensive treatment.MethodsPlasma VEGF, NT‐proBNP, and cTnI concentrations and UPC were determined in healthy geriatric cats, normotensive cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD), hypertensive cats with evidence of hypertensive retinopathy (HT‐ocular‐TOD), and hypertensive cats without hypertensive ocular‐TOD (HT‐noTOD). Comparisons among groups were performed. Multivariable binary logistic regression models were built to identify independent biomarkers of hypertension and ocular‐TOD. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn to assess clinical use.ResultsCats with HT‐ocular‐TOD had significantly higher VEGF than all other groups (P < .05) and significantly higher NT‐proBNP than healthy cats (P < .001). Healthy cats had significantly lower cTnI than all other groups (P < .05). No differences were found among groups for UPC (P = .08). Cardiac troponin I and VEGF were independent predictors of hypertension (P < .05), but none of the biomarkers were independent predictors of ocular‐TOD. N‐terminal probrain natriuretic peptide concentrations decreased with antihypertensive treatment (P < .001). The ROC curves indicated that none of the biomarkers met the criteria to function as diagnostic tests for the diagnosis of hypertension or associated ocular‐TOD.Conclusions and Clinical SignificanceDespite statistical significance and changes with ocular‐TOD, antihypertensive treatment, or both, VEGF, NT‐proBNP, and cTnI did not function as useful diagnostic tests for hypertension. Persistently increased systolic blood pressure (SBP) measurements in combination with fundoscopy remains the preferred method for diagnosis of feline hypertension.
Establishment of reference ranges and evaluation of in vitro concentration‐dependent platelet inhibition by acetylsalicylic acid for multiple electrode impedance aggregometry in healthy dogs
Authors: Haines J. M. , Lee P. M. , Hegedus R. M. , Hwang J. K. , Court M. H. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAcetylsalicylic acid (ASA, aspirin) is an antiplatelet medication used for prevention of thromboembolism. Effects of ASA appear to vary widely between dogs, but the underlying mechanisms are not understood. The Multiplate analyzer is a newer form of whole‐blood impedance aggregometry recently validated for use in healthy dogs. A method utilizing this instrument to measure ASA effects on platelet function has not been established. The goals of this study were to establish reference ranges for the Multiplate in healthy dogs and secondly, to develop a technique to determine the in vitro concentration of ASA needed to cause 50% inhibition of platelet aggregation (IC50). Reference ranges established from 40 dogs at multiple test times for three agonists were consistent with previously published values. In vitro IC50 values were calculated using the sigmoid Emax model in 20 healthy dogs on two occasions to determine individual repeatability. Calculated in vitro IC50 demonstrated four ASA response groups: responder (n = 16), poor responder (n = 1), variable responder (n = 2), and nonresponder (n = 1). Multiplate within‐assay variability was <10% for area under the curve (AUC), and between‐assay baseline AUC variability was <15%. The described technique allowed for determination of an in vitro IC50 for ASA in dogs using a multiple electrode impedance aggregometer.
How The Lusiad Got English'd: Manuel Faria y Sousa, Richard Fanshawe and the First English Translation of Os Lusíadas
Authors: Sousa Garcia Tiago 
Published: April 2017

AbstractRichard Fanshawe's translation of the Portuguese national epic Os Lusíadas (1655) has long been seen as a breakthrough in Anglo‐Portuguese literary exchanges. The English Ambassador was the first to undertake such work outside of the Iberian Peninsula, and, for a number of readers, his translation remains one of the best, if not the best, rendition of Camões' masterpiece into English. One would expect a translator of such an intricate work of literary art to be deeply knowledgeable of Portuguese language, history and culture – as his appointment as ambassador to Portugal in 1663 seems to corroborate. Yet evidence that Fanshawe read, wrote or spoke Portuguese, other than the translation itself, is scarce, and concrete evidence of his actual proficiency in the language has only recently been discovered.Previously, the few authors who have addressed the issue, particularly Roger Walker, have suggested that Fanshawe did not use the original Portuguese text as the basis for his work, but rather took Manuel Faria y Sousa's monumental Spanish translation and commentary (1639) as his source, even going as far as claiming that Fanshawe did not translate from the Portuguese at all, but rather rendered into English the Spanish translation of Manuel de Faria y Sousa. This article will explore the connections between the two translations – Faria y Sousa's and Fanshawe's – and tackle some of the implications that such genetic connection might give rise to. By focusing the discussion through a selective close reading of the two translations and their respective paratexts, this article will conclude that while Fanshawe's use of Faria y Sousa's translation is undeniable, the relationship between the two is far more complex than previously thought. Namely, it will be argued that Fanshawe did not use Faria y Sousa's translation as a primary source but rather as a compendium of all the information available about Camoes, his epic, Portugal and its history and culture. In doing so, it will also contribute to a broader understanding of how literature travelled within Europe in the 17th century – rather than a simple binary equation of original and target languages; its path is often a complex road map of roundabouts, off‐shoots and B‐roads.
The transformation in biomarker detection and management of drug‐induced liver injury
Authors: Church Rachel J. , Watkins Paul B. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDrug‐induced liver injury (DILI) is a major concern for patients, care givers and the pharmaceutical industry. Interpretation of the serum biomarkers routinely used to detect and monitor DILI, which have not changed in almost 50 years, can be improved with recently proposed models employing quantitative systems pharmacology. In addition, several newer serum biomarkers are showing great promise. Studies in rodents indicate that the ratio of the caspase cleaved fragment of cytokeratin 18 to total K18 in serum (termed the “apoptotic index”) estimates the relative proportions of apoptosis vs necrosis during drug‐induced liver injury. Glutamate dehydrogenase can reliably differentiate liver from muscle injury and, when serum is properly prepared, may also detect mitochondrial toxicity as a mechanism of liver injury. MicroRNA‐122 is liver‐specific, but recent data suggests it can be actively released from hepatocytes in the absence of overt toxicity limiting enthusiasm for it as a DILI biomarker. Finally, damage associated molecular patterns, particularly high mobility group box 1 and its various modified forms, are promising biomarkers of innate immune activation, which may be useful in distinguishing benign elevations in aminotransferases from those that portend clinically important liver injury. These new biomarkers are already being measured in early clinical trials, but broad acceptance will require widespread archiving of serum from diverse clinical trials and probably pre‐competitive analysis efforts. We believe that utilization of a panel of traditional and newer biomarkers in conjunction with quantitative systems pharmacology modelling approaches will transform DILI detection and risk management.
Metabolic Syndrome Induced Bladder Cannabinoid Receptor Changes in the Fructose‐Fed Rats
Authors: CHEN I‐Hung , CHENG Juei‐Tang , TONG Yat‐Ching 
Published: April 2017

ObjectivesTo investigate the effect of metabolic syndrome on the bladder cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2 (CB1/CB2) expression and function in the fructose‐fed rats (FR).MethodsAdult male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into two groups: (i) Control rats fed with normal chow; and (ii) Rats fed with high‐fructose diet (FR) for 9 weeks. The body weight, blood pressure, plasma sugar, insulin, triglyceride and cholesterol were measured. Bladder muscle strips were prepared in organ bath and pre‐contracted with 1 µM/L acetylcholine (ACh) or 50 mM/L KCl. The relaxation responses to CB1/CB2 agonist Bay59‐3047 (0.01–1 µM/L) were recorded. The effects of CB1 antagonist AM251, CB2 antagonist AM630, protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor H‐89 and ATP‐sensitive potassium channel (KATP) inhibitor glibenclamide on the Bay59‐3047‐induced response were tested. Western blotting and real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) analyses were performed for bladder CB1/CB2 receptors.ResultsSignificant increases of body weight, blood pressure, plasma glucose, insulin, cholesterol and triglyceride levels were found in the FR. Bay59‐3047 reduced ACh and KCl pre‐contracted bladder strip tension in a dose‐dependent fashion. The relaxation responses were significantly decreased in the FR. The Bay59‐3047‐induced relaxation was attenuated by AM251, glibenclamide and H‐89. Western blotting and RT‐PCR showed decreased expressions of FR bladder CB1 and CB2 receptor protein and mRNA.ConclusionCB1/CB2 receptors mediate rat bladder relaxation through the PKA and KATP pathway. The CB1 receptor may play a more prominent role. The response is decreased in the FR bladder due to reduced expressions of the cannabinoid receptors.
Paternity analysis of wild‐caught females shows that sperm package size and placement influence fertilization success in the bushcricket Pholidoptera griseoaptera
Authors: Parker Darren James , Zaborowska Julia , Ritchie Michael Gordon , Vahed Karim 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn species where females store sperm, males may try to influence paternity by the strategic placement of sperm within the female's sperm storage organ. Sperm may be mixed or layered in storage organs, and this can influence sperm use beyond a ‘fair raffle’. In some insects, sperm from different matings is packaged into discrete packets (spermatodoses), which retain their integrity in the female's sperm storage organ (spermatheca), but little is known about how these may influence patterns of sperm use under natural mating conditions in wild populations. We examined the effect of the size and position of spermatodoses within the spermatheca and number of competing ejaculates on sperm use in female dark bushcrickets (Pholidoptera griseoaptera) that had mated under unmanipulated field conditions. Females were collected near the end of the mating season, and seven hypervariable microsatellite loci were used to assign paternity of eggs laid in the laboratory. Females contained a median of three spermatodoses (range 1–6), and only six of the 36 females contained more than one spermatodose of the same genotype. Both the size and relative placement of the spermatodoses within the spermatheca had a significant effect on paternity, with a bias against smaller spermatodoses and those further from the single entrance/exit of the spermatheca. A higher number of competing males reduced the chances of siring offspring for each male. Hence, both spermatodose size and relative placement in the spermatheca influence paternity success.