bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Technetium Scintigraphy as an investigative Tool in Papillary Carcinoma of Thyroid: A Prospective Study
Authors: Sreenivas C , Raj Vinay , Devipriya V 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

Introduction and background
Thyromegaly is a common cause of physician consultation. Solitary thyroid nodules are conventionally viewed with suspicion. Clinical examination cannot reliably distinguish between a solitary thyroid nodule and a dominant nodule in multinodular goiter. Ultrasonographical examination has its own pitfalls. Technetium 99 is a commonly used modality for the functional assessment of solitary thyroid nodule detection. It has the advantage of low cost with lower radiation dose to the exposed patients. On literature search, studies on Technetium 99 scintigraphy for thyroid in context to the Indian scenario does not yield much information, and very few studies are notable. This study was conducted to correlate and qualify thyroid cold nodule as detected by technetium 99 pertechnetate thyroid scan.

Objective
This study was conducted to correlate, qualify, and compare the predictive value of technetium 99 pertechnetate scintigraphy on solitary thyroid nodule vis-à-vis fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and to countercheck with histopathological examination (HPE).

Materials and methods
A prospective cohort study in a National Accreditation Board for Hospitals & Health care Providers, National Assessment and Accreditation Council, and Joint Commission International-accredited tertiary care teaching university hospital was conducted over a period of 36 months. All the subjects underwent clinical assessment of the neck that included standard examination techniques to segregate solitary thyroid nodules. They were then subjected to technetium 99 pertechnetate scintigraphy using the standard protocol. All the patients with solitary cold nodule underwent FNAC followed by nodule excision or hemi-thyroidectomy under general anesthesia. All the specimens underwent HPE by an experienced histopathologist. The results were statistically analyzed using Pearson's chi-square test.

Results
(1) Cold nodules as detected by technetium 99 pertechnetate thyroid scan is a reasonable indicator of probable malignancy vis-à-vis FNAC. (2) Occurrence of cold nodules is highest in third to fifth decade of life (21- to 50-year age group). (3) Occurrence of cold nodules is higher in females (83%), whereas occurrence of malignancy in cold nodules is higher in males (85%). (4) Occurrence of malignancy in cold nodules is higher in subjects less than 21 and above 50 years. (5) Technetium 99m pertechnetate thyroid scintigraphy is an important preoperative tool in management of thyroid nodules, and its routine use in all such patients is recommended, especially to rule out cold nodules.

How to cite this article
Mohanty S, Sreenivas C, Raj V, Efficacy of Technetium Scintigraphy as an investigative Tool in Papillary Carcinoma of Thyroid: A Prospective Study. Int J Head Neck Surg 2016;7(4):220-222.
Localized Amyloidosis of Tongue: A Rare Case from India
Authors: Sharma Amit , Singh Kanwaljeet 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT
Involvement of the tongue by amyloid is mostly secondary to systemic amyloidosis, with less than 9% of all types of amyloidosis presenting as isolated amyloidosis of the tongue. This is a case report of a 56-year-old patient who presented with mass lesion in the posterior part of tongue since 2 years duration. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed nodular area on posterior aspect of tongue without focal signal intensity and no contrast enhancement. On histopathological examination, the lesion exhibited homogeneous extracellular eosinophilic material. Congo red staining revealed amyloid material as red color under light microscopy and as apple green birefringence under polarized microscope. A definitive diagnosis of localized isolated amyloidosis of tongue was made after detailed workup to rule out the systemic form of amyloidosis. Isolated and localized amyloidosis of tongue is very rare and often mimics benign tumors, thus making the job of the treating doctor more challenging. The foremost task in management of these patients is to rule out the possibility of systemic amyloidosis because the localized forms of the disease may be treated with wide local surgical excision.

How to cite this article
Singh K, Sharma A. Localized Amyloidosis of Tongue: A Rare Case from India. Int J Head Neck Surg 2016;7(4):225-227.
Coronal Sealing Capacity of Temporary Restorative Materials in Pediatric Dentistry: A Comparative Study
Authors: Milani Shabnam , Seraj Bahman , Heidari Alireza , Mirdamadi Atousa , Shahrabi Mahdi 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT
Aims
The aim of this in vitro study is to compare the coronal microleakage of three common temporary restorative materials, namely Coltosol, Compoglass, and Zonalin, used in pediatric dentistry after endodontic treatment at different time intervals (1 week, 1, and 2 months) using dye penetration.

Materials and methods
Access cavities were prepared in 72 intact extracted premolar teeth. The samples were divided into three groups (n = 24) and filled with Coltosol, Compoglass, or Zonalin. After thermal cycling for 500 cycles (5–55°C), the teeth were immersed in 1% methylene blue dye at 37°C for 1 week (n = 8), 1 month (n = 8), and 2 months (n = 8). The samples were sectioned buccolingually, and the linear depth of dye penetration was measured using a stereomicroscope at 16 × magnification. The data were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis test.

Results
There were no significant differences in the microleakage values of Coltosol and Zonalin or Zonalin and Compoglass groups at 1 week (p > 0.05) or 1 month (p > 0.05) intervals, but a significant difference was noted between Coltosol and Compoglass groups (p < 0.01); Coltosol provided a more favorable coronal seal. No significant difference was found among the experimental groups at the 2-month interval (p > 0.05).

Conclusion
At 1 week or 1 month of use, Coltosol showed better coronal seal. At 2 months, there was no significant difference apparent between the groups. A longer time lapse was associated with an increased likelihood of microleakage.

How to cite this article
Milani S, Seraj B, Heidari A, Mirdamadi A, Shahrabi M. Coronal Sealing Capacity of Temporary Restorative Materials in Pediatric Dentistry: A Comparative Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;10(2):115-118.
Association of Feeding Methods and Streptococcus mutans Count with Early Childhood Caries: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Puranik Manjunath P , Bullappa Deepa , Sowmya KR , Nagarathnamma T 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT
Introduction
Early childhood caries (ECC) is a virulent form of dental caries that can destroy the primary dentition of toddlers and preschool children. The aim was to determine the relationship of feeding methods and oral Streptococcus mutans count in 3- to 5-year-old children with ECC.

Materials and methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted in children aged 3 to 5 years. Participating mothers were interviewed regarding child's demographic profile, educational level and socioeconomic status of parents, past medical and dental history of the mother and child, child's feeding habits, and dietary habits and oral hygiene practices of mother and child. Clinical examination for dental caries was done using the World Health Organization criteria (1997). Salivary samples of mother–child pair were collected to determine the pH, flow rate, and S. mutans count. Statistical tests, such as Student's t-test, analysis of variance, and Pearson's correlation were applied.

Results
Out of 150 mother–child pair, statistically significant difference in the caries experience was found between mothers and children with high and low S. mutans count. Moderate but statistically significant negative correlation was found between mean decayed, missing, and filled teeth of mothers and mean decayed, extracted and filled teeth (deft) of children with high S. mutans count. Regarding deft, there was no statistically significant difference between children who were exclusively breast fed (7.85 ± 2.94), exclusively bottle-fed (8.67 ± 3.98), and both breast and bottle-fed (7.77 ± 2.91).

Conclusion
The mean caries experience of mothers and children was 2.66 ± 2.01 and 7.82 ± 2.94 respectively, with decayed component being maximum. Moderate and significant correlation (r = 0.5) was found between S. mutans of mothers and children in saliva. Significant negative correlation was found between mothers and children with high S. mutans count (r = –0.0284; p = 0.046).

How to cite this article
Bullappa D, Puranik MP, Sowmya KR, Nagarathnamma T. Association of Feeding Methods and Streptococcus mutans Count with Early Childhood Caries: A Cross-sectional Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;10(2):119-125.
Comparative Evaluation of Sealing Ability, Water Absorption, and Solubility of Three Temporary Restorative Materials: An in vitro Study
Authors: Prabhakar AR , Rani N Shantha 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT
Background
The quality of the coronal seal of root canal filling material is important for periapical health. Absorption of water or saliva by the temporary restorative materials leads to dimensional changes, loss of retention, staining and breaking in margin contours. Hence this study was carried out to evaluate and compare the sealing properties, water absorption and solubility of IRM (intermediate restorative material), Cavit G and GC Caviton.

Study design
Experimental, in vitro intergroup randomized control trial.

Material and methods
36 non carious premolars were randomly selected assigned to three groups, 12 teeth in each. Standard endodontic access cavities of approximately 4×4mm wide were prepared followed by the root canal obturation with Gutta-percha and restoration with experimental materials. For microleakage testing dye penetration method was used with 2% methylene blue dye. Followed by evaluation and scoring under stereomicroscope at 40x magnification.
Disc shaped 12 specimens for each group were prepared for each material, stored in desiccator at 37° C, weighed daily to verify mass stabilization (dry mass,m1). Thereafter, the specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 7days to obtain the mass after saturation with water (m2). The specimens were placed in the desiccators again, at 37° C, and reweighed until a constant dry mass is obtained (m3). Water absorption (WS) and solubility (SL) was determined by using the formulas, WS = m3 - m2/V and SL= m1 - m3/ V.

Results
GC Caviton showed least microleakage and least water absorption followed by IRM and Cavit G, the differences were statistically highly significant (p < 0.001) and there was no statistical difference found in all the groups with respect to solubility.

Conclusions
GC Caviton is best and suitable temporary restorative material in endodontic interappointments followed by IRM and Cavit G

How to cite this article
Prabhakar AR, Rani NS, Naik SV. Comparative Evaluation of Sealing Ability, Water Absorption, and Solubility of Three Temporary Restorative Materials: An in vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;10(2):136-141.
Antibacterial Inhibitory Effects of Punica Granatum Gel on Cariogenic Bacteria: An in vitro Study
Authors: Millo Grazielle , Juntavee Apa , Ratanathongkam Ariya , Nualkaew Natsajee , Jomjai Peerapattana, , Chatchiwiwattana Supaporn 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT
Aim
This study evaluated the in vitro antibacterial effects of the formulated Punica granatum (PG) gel against Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Lactobacillus casei.

Materials and methods
The PG extract was dissolved in water at 500 mg/mL. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used for identification and quantification of chemical marker punicalagin. Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and time-kill assay (TKA) were investigated. Antibacterial activities of the formulated PG gel, 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) gel and blank gel were tested by measuring the zones of inhibition through agar well diffusion method.

Results
The HPLC results showed presence of punicalagin at 2023.58 ± 25.29 μg/mL in the aqueous PG extract and at 0.234% (w/w) in the formulated PG gel. The MBC for S. mutans, S. Sanguinis, and L. casei were 250, 125, and 500 mg/mL respectively. The TKA of 500 mg/mL aqueous PG extract showed total inhibition of S. mutans, S. Sanguinis, and L. casei at 6, 1, and 24 hours contact time respectively. Agar well diffusion revealed that for S. mutans, CHX gel > PG gel > blank gel; for S. sanguinis, CHX gel = PG gel > blank gel; for L. casei, CHX gel > PG gel = blank gel. Comparison of the PG gel potency showed that S. sanguinis = S. mutans > L. casei.

Conclusion
The PG gel equivalent to 0.234% punicalagin (w/w) inhibited S. mutans and S. sanguinis but not L. casei within 24 hours incubation period and has the potential to be used for caries prevention.

How to cite this article
Millo G, Juntavee A, Ratanathongkam A, Nualkaew N, Peerapattana J, Chatchiwiwattana S. Antibacterial Inhibitory Effects of Punica Granatum Gel on Cariogenic Bacteria: An in vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;10(2):152-157.
Prevalence of Oral Complications occurring in a Population of Pediatric Cancer Patients receiving Chemotherapy
Authors: Datta Geetika , Saxena Tanvi , Datta Ankush G 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT
Multiagent chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or a combination of both are the contemporary methods of cancer treatment. With medical advancements, though cure rates have increased considerably, focus is now shifted to the potential early and late complications of the same. The aim of this study was to assess the early oral complications in pediatric patients receiving chemotherapy. Sixty-two children with cancer undergoing chemotherapy with the mean age of 7.42 ± 3.6 years were included in the study. The various types of malignancies and oral problems during chemotherapy were recorded in the subjects. The most commonly encountered malignancy was acute lymphoblastic leukemia at 35.5%. Various oral and associated complications like mucosal inflammation with ulcerations, oral pain, xerostomia, and secondary infections were commonly seen, with mucositis being the most commonly observed complication in 58.1% of the subjects undergoing chemotherapy. Clinical importance of timely medical and dental interventions by a multidisciplinary team involving a pediatric dentist at different stages of anticancer treatment is also emphasized to minimize discomfort, increase treatment compliance, and improve the quality of life of pediatric patients.
How to cite this article:
Gandhi K, Datta G, Ahuja S, Saxena T, Datta AG. Prevalence of Oral Complications occurring in a Population of Pediatric Cancer Patients receiving Chemotherapy. Int Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;10(2):166-171.
Prevalence and associated Risk Factors of Severe Early Childhood Caries in 12- to 36-month-old Children of Sirmaur District, Himachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Mangla Ritu G , Kapur Raman , Dhindsa Abhishek 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT
Aim
To assess the prevalence, distribution, and associated risk factors of severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) among 12- to 36-month-old children of district Sirmaur, Himachal Pradesh, India.

Materials and methods
The present study was conducted on a random sample of 510 children, both boys and girls, between 12 and 36 months of age randomly selected from various government-sponsored day-care centers, private day-care centers, and vaccination centers. Caries was recorded using World Health Organization criteria. Statistical analysis was done by using chi-square test and Mann–Whitney test. A two-sided p value was calculated for each statistical test. Multiple logistic regressions were done to calculate the risk of S-ECC from independent variables.

Results
In the present study, S-ECC was found in 21% of 510, 12 to 36 months old children of Sirmaur district, Himachal Pradesh. The S-ECC was found to be significantly higher in 25 to 36 months old children's age group and was 27.8% in them as compared with 8% in 12 to 24 months old children.

Conclusion
Providing anticipatory guidance and education to parents is essential for the promotion of optimal oral health of their children. There is a need for moving upstream to propose and implement policies and programs to improve the oral health of the very young, especially in a developing country like India, which lacks much data on S-ECC.

How to cite this article
Mangla RG, Kapur R, Dhindsa A, Madan M. Prevalence and associated Risk Factors of Severe Early Childhood Caries in 12- to 36-month-old Children of Sirmaur District, Himachal Pradesh, India. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;10(2):183-187.
Soft Tissue Applications of Er,Cr:YSGG Laser in Pediatric Dentistry
Authors: Rehman Ferah , Chaturvedy Vivek 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTSoft tissue laser, such as diode and Nd:YAG lasers were initially used in soft tissue lesions because of its increased success rate. It was because of the fact that these lasers were well-absorbed by chromophores, such as hemoglobin and melanin which are found abundant in the oral mucosa. The introduction of erbium family in 1990 comprising the Er:YAG and Er,Cr:YSGG lasers made the hard tissue laser a boon for dentistry. Erbium, chromium-doped yttrium, scandium, gallium and garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) was introduced in 1997 for the surgical needs of clinical dentistry in general practice. The erbium belongs to the rare earth which is embedded in a host crystal. The actual lasing process takes place in the Er ion Er3+. Two host crystals consisting of yttrium, aluminum, and garnet (Y3A5O12) and yttrium, scandium, gallium, and garnet (Y3Sc2Ga3O12) are added to the erbium. The interest to use these hard tissue laser in the treatment of soft tissue lesion was because of the properties of these lasers which are well-absorbed by chromophore water apart from hydroxy appetite crystals. Erbium laser energy is absorbed by collagen, hydroxyapatite, and water components. It allows the laser to cut soft tissue, tooth structure, and bone. In the noncontact mode, the incision is scalpel-like, with very little hemostasis. In contact mode, it performs soft tissue sculpting with adequate hemostasis. The Er,Cr:YSGG is the world's most advanced dental laser, which is ideal all-tissue laser because all dental tissues contain water, for the multidisciplinary dentist who performs a broad spectrum of procedures. It delivers the highest level of clinician control, operating efficiency, flexibility in tip, and accessory selection. For optimal clinical results and patient comfort in hard and soft tissue procedures, the erbium lasers have set a new standard of clinical performance. The present case series aims to highlight the various soft tissue applications of Er,Cr:YSGG (Waterlase Biolase®, Biolase, Inc, San Clemente, California, USA) in pediatric patients.How to cite this articleKumar G, Rehman F, Chaturvedy V. Soft Tissue Applications of Er,Cr:YSGG Laser in Pediatric Dentistry. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;10(2):188-192.
Closing a Large Maxillary Median Diastema using Bapat Power Arm
Authors: Bapat Shirish M , Bandejiya Prashant 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTAimThe aim of this study is to present a case of large maxillary median diastema closed by bodily movement of central incisors using Bapat power arm (BPA).Materials and methodsAfter extraction of mesiodens, a power chain with a force of 120 gm was applied to BPA ligated to preadjusted edgewise brackets bonded to maxillary central incisors to move them over round steel wire for closure of resultant diastema. Bonded retainer was placed after the closure of median diastema.ResultsThe median diastema was completely closed in 5 months period with almost bodily movement of incisors, which was confirmed by periapical X-ray.ConclusionBapat power arm was efficient in closing diastema without any discomfort or injury and was well accepted by the patient.How to cite this articleBapat SM, Singh C, Bandejiya P. Closing a Large Maxillary Median Diastema using Bapat Power Arm. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;10(2):201-204.
Role of Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Evaluation of Radicular Cyst mimicking Dentigerous Cyst in a 7-year-old Child: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Mahesh BS , Shastry Shilpa P , Murthy Padmashree S , Jyotsna TR 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTAimTo report a rare case of large radicular cyst-associated deciduous tooth and to discuss the importance of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in diagnosing the condition.BackgroundRadicular cyst is the most common cyst affecting the permanent teeth, but its occurrence in deciduous teeth is rare. Most of the radicular cysts are asymptomatic and are discovered accidentally when radiographs are taken. Conventional radiographs show two-dimensional images of three-dimensional objects. Cone beam computed tomography provides undistorted three-dimensional information of hard tissues and gives adequate spatial resolution.Case reportA 7-year-old child, with a complaint of swelling in the maxillary anterior region, was diagnosed with radicular cyst in relation to primary maxillary right central incisor based on CBCT and histopathological features.Conclusion and clinical significanceEarly diagnosis and prompt treatment of radicular cyst in primary dentition is important to prevent damage to permanent tooth.How to cite this articleMahesh BS, Shastry SP, Murthy PS, Jyotsna TR. Role of Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Evaluation of Radicular Cyst mimicking Dentigerous Cyst in a 7-year-old Child: A Case Report and Literature Review. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;10(2):213-216.
Multiple Bilateral Unerupted Supplemental Premolars: An Unusual Presentation in a Nonsyndromic Patient
Authors: Panda Suman , Ahmed Ather 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT
Supernumerary teeth are one of the routinely encountered developmental disturbances representing one or more extra teeth in the jaws. These may resemble the teeth of the group to which it belongs, i.e., molars, premolars, or incisors, or it may bear little or no resemblance. Based on the morphologic appearance, it is classified as supplemental teeth or rudimentary teeth. The supplemental teeth are those that resemble the teeth to which it is associated and rudimentary teeth are those that do not resemble the teeth. Supplemental teeth, most of the times, are associated with syndromes and they can also be present in the absence of systemic pathology. Literature reveals predilection of the presence of supplemental premolars of 2:1 in males.
This is the case report of a 14-year-old male who presented with multiple unerupted bilateral supplemental premolars on both the arches.
How to cite this article
Satish V, Panda S, Maganur P, Ahmed A. Multiple Bilateral Unerupted Supplemental Premolars: An Unusual Presentation in a Nonsyndromic Patient. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;10(2):217-222.
Age Determination in Forensic Odontology
Authors: Prathap Divakar K 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT
Age determination by means of assessment of the dentition is an application unique to forensic odontology. This process is especially relevant in those cases in which the rest of the skeletal remains are marred, as the tooth remains intact under adverse circumstances while the rest of the skeleton is obliter- ated. While the process remains complex, multiple methods have been devised to assess the dental age of an individual.

How to cite this article
Prathap DK. Age Determination in Foren- sic Odontology. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2017;7(1):21-24.