bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three-dimensional reconstruction of laser-direct-drive inertial confinement fusion hot-spot plasma from x-ray diagnostics on the OMEGA laser facility (invited)
Authors: Churnetski K. , Woo K. M. , Theobald W. , Betti R. , Ceurvorst L. , Forrest C. J. , Gopalaswamy V. , Heuer P. V. , Ivancic S. T. , Knauer J. P. , Lees A. , Michalko M. , Rosenberg M. J. , Shah R. C. , Stoeckl C. , Thomas C. A. , Regan S. P. 
Published: October 2024

A deep-learning convolutional neural network (CNN) is used to infer, from x-ray images along multiple lines of sight, the low-mode shape of the hot-spot emission of deuterium–tritium (DT) laser-direct-drive cryogenic implosions on OMEGA. The motivation of this approach is to develop a physics-informed 3-D reconstruction technique that can be performed within minutes to facilitate the use of the results to inform changes to the initial target and laser conditions for the subsequent implosion. The CNN is trained on a 3D radiation-hydrodynamic simulation database to relate 2D x-ray images to 3D emissivity at stagnation. The CNN accounts for the lack of an absolute spatial reference and the different bands of photon energies in the x-ray images. While previous work [O. M. Mannion et al., Phys. Plasmas 28, 042701 (2021) and A. Lees et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 105001 (2021)] studied the effect of mode-1 asymmetries on implosion performance using nuclear diagnostics, this work focuses on the effect of mode 2 inferred from x-ray diagnostics on implosion performance. A current analysis of 19 DT cryogenic implosions indicates there is an upper limit of ∼20% reduction in the neutron yield caused by an ℓ = 2 amplitude for ℓ2/ℓ0 ≤ 0.32. These conclusions are supported by 2D simulations.
Acceleration of ferromagnetic resonance measurements by Bayesian experimental design
Authors: Huang D. , Wang X. , Gopman D. B. 
Published: October 2024

Ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) is a broadly used dynamical measurement used to characterize a wide range of magnetic materials. Applied research and development on magnetic thin film materials is growing rapidly alongside a growing commercial appetite for magnetic memory and computing technologies. The ability to execute high-quality, fast FMR surveys of magnetic thin films is needed to meet the demanding throughput associated with rapid materials exploration and quality control. Here, we implement optimal Bayesian experimental design software developed by [McMichael et al. J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. 126, 126002 (2021)] in a vector network analyzer-FMR setup to demonstrate an unexplored opportunity to accelerate FMR measurements. A systematic comparison is made between the optimal Bayesian measurement and the conventional measurement. Reduced uncertainties in the linewidth and resonance frequency ranging from 40% to 60% are achieved with the Bayesian implementation for the same measurement duration. In practical terms, this approach reaches a target uncertainty of ±5 MHz for the linewidth and ±1 MHz for the resonance frequency in 2.5× less time than the conventional approach. As the optimal Bayesian approach only decreases random errors, we evaluate how large systematic errors may limit the full advantage of the optimal Bayesian approach. This approach can be used to deliver gains in measurement speed by a factor of 3 or more and as a software add-on has the flexibility to be added on to any FMR measurement system to accelerate materials discovery and quality control measurements, alike.
On-chip stimulated Brillouin scattering via surface acoustic waves
Authors: Neijts Govert , Lai Choon Kong , Riseng Maren Kramer , Choi Duk-Yong , Yan Kunlun , Marpaung David , Madden Stephen J. , Eggleton Benjamin J. , Merklein Moritz 
Published: October 2024

Surface acoustic wave devices are ubiquitously used for signal processing and filtering, as well as mechanical, chemical, and biological sensing and show promise as quantum transducers. While surface acoustic waves (SAWs) are primarily excited and driven using electromechanical coupling and interdigital transducers, there is a strong desire for novel methods that enable the coherent excitation and detection of SAWs all-optically interfacing with photonic integrated circuits. In this work, we numerically model and experimentally demonstrate SAW excitation in integrated photonic waveguides made from GeAsSe glass via backward stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS). We measure a Brillouin gain coefficient of 203 W−1 m−1 for the surface acoustic resonance at 3.81 GHz, with a linewidth narrowed to 20 MHz. Experimental access to this new regime of SBS not only opens up opportunities for novel on-chip sensing applications by harnessing the waveguide surface but also paves the way for strong Brillouin interactions in materials lacking sufficient acoustic guidance in the waveguide core, as well as the excitation of SAWs in non-piezoelectric materials.
GAMBUT field measurement of emissions from a tropical peatland fire experiment: from ignition to spread to suppression
Authors: Hu Yuqi , Smith Thomas E. L. , Santoso Muhammad A. , Amin Hafiz M. F. , Christensen Eirik , Cui Wuquan , Purnomo Dwi M. J. , Nugroho Yulianto S. , Rein Guillermo 
Published: October 2024

Background Accurate quantification of emissions from peatland wildfire is crucial for understanding their feedback to the atmospheric and Earth system. However, current knowledge on this topic is limited to a few laboratory and field studies, which report substantial variability in terms of the fire emission factors (EFs). Aims We aim to understand how emissions vary across the life cycle of a peatland fire. Methods In August/September 2018, we conducted the largest and longest to-date field-scale experimental burn on a tropical peatland in Sumatra, Indonesia. Field measurements of gas emissions from the fire experiment were conducted using an open-path Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to retrieve mole fractions of 11 gas species. Key results For the first time, we calculated and reported EFs from 40 measurement sessions conducted over 2 weeks of burning, encompassing different fire stages (e.g. ignition, smouldering spread, and suppression) and weather events (e.g. rainfall). Our findings provide field evidence to indicate that EFs vary significantly among fire stages and weather events. We also observed that the heterogeneous physicochemical properties of peatland site (e.g. moisture content) influenced the EFs. We also found that modified combustion efficiency was highly sensitive to complex field variables and could introduce large uncertainties when determining the regimes of a peat fire. Conclusions and implications Further studies to investigate peat fire emissions are needed, and more comprehensive mapping of peatland heterogeneity and land use for emissions inventories, accounting for spatial and temporal variability in EFs since the initiation of a fire event is required.
Electrical and optical characteristics of a nanosecond pulsed electrical discharge in air in contact with a water droplet for various electrical conductivities
Authors: Sebih Lyes , Carbone Emile , Hamdan Ahmad 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Interactions between pulsed electrical discharges and liquid dielectric materials have emerged as a growing research field with interests in fundamental discharge physics and subsequent applications. Herein, we present an experimental study on the dynamics of nanosecond discharges in air in the presence of a water droplet with various electrical conductivities (EC) and at different applied voltages (V
a). The discharges are characterized optically, by employing time-resolved ICCD imaging and optical emission spectroscopy, and electrically, by acquiring the current–voltage waveforms for every discharge. The results show that three modes of discharge can be obtained: i) streamer discharge between the cathode and the droplet, ii) streamer discharge between the cathode and the droplet as well as between the anode and the droplet, and iii) spark discharge that connects the two electrodes and propagates over the droplet. We find that the probability to obtain one of the three discharge modes is strongly related to the droplet’s EC and V
a. Although the streamer’s ignition is relatively insensitive to EC, its transition to a spark can be finely controlled by the droplet’s EC. Time-resolved ICCD images show that the discharge initiates in the gap between the cathode and the droplet, followed by ignition between the anode/ground electrode and the droplet. Next, an extinction phase is observed before the ignition of a secondary streamer. Depending on the conditions, the discharge may transition to a spark, that is a channel with high emission intensity. We find that the duration of each stage of discharge propagation and the corresponding emission (path and intensity) are sensitive to the droplet’s EC. Finally, emissions from streamers (primary and secondary) and from sparks are analyzed using optical spectroscopy. We find that the emission from the streamers is dominated by the second positive system of N2, and that the droplet’s EC does not significantly affect the emission spectra nor the estimated rotational temperature of N2.
Low-rank rotation matrices-based DOA estimation with a moored circular vector sensor array
Authors: Liu Guolong , Li Ying , Wang Jinjin , Lan Tian , Qiu Longhao , Liang Guolong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Water currents affect circular vector sensor arrays (CVSAs) suspended from a moored platform, causing them to rotate underwater. This rotation alters the direction of sources within the array coordinate system over time. Traditional methods that rely on numerous snapshots often yield inaccurate results, particularly for faint sources. To improve the accuracy, we introduce a direction-finding technique for CVSAs that employs low-rank rotation matrices (RM). The low-rank RM are constructed using the heading information of the CVSAs and the subregion array manifold vector matrices to achieve spatial focusing. When these matrices are applied to the measurement data, the resulting covariance matrix displays subspace characteristics similar to that of a stationary CVSA. Our performance analysis revealed that low-rank RM offer higher focusing gains than conventional RM. The method proposed in this study effectively improves the direction estimation performance for weak targets and extends the practical applicability of measurement techniques for rotating platforms. Both simulations and experiments confirm that our approach outperforms the modified traditional beamforming and other spatial focusing techniques in terms of resolution and precision. Notably, when the signal-to-noise ratio is below −4 dB, the resolution for distinguishing between the two sources increases by more than 50%.
Two types of corner states in two dimensional photonic crystals with finite sizes
Authors: Zhang Zirui , Yao Yongxi , Zhang Yu , Zhao Bao , Zhang Hongfang , Shi Qiang , Yang Bing 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Using two-dimensional square lattice photonic crystals (PCs) with different topological properties, we design different combined structures to construct two types of topological corner states (CSs), named as Type I and Type II CSs. Then by tuning sizes of inner PCs in the combined structures, we systematically investigate size effects on the two types of CSs. Numerical results demonstrate as the structures decrease to their critical sizes, due to the interactions of opposite interfaces and the couplings of corners, size changes of inner PCs in the combined structures have significant effects on the frequencies, degeneracies and mode field distributions of the two types of CSs. Moreover, Type I CSs peform better topological stability than Type II CSs during the size changes of structures. We also monitor mode field localizations of the two types of CSs and reveal that their localizations are only related to the types of the CSs, and have no relations to sizes and overall symmetries of the combined structures. Our research enriches the study of higher order topological CSs and paves the way for design and manufacture of optical micro–nano devices with photonic topological CSs.
Andreev reflection in topological nodal-line semimetals superconductor junction
Authors: Cheng Xue-Yan , Yang Ning-Xuan , Wang Rui , Liao Hui , Song Chun-Yan , Song Ting-Ting 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Andreev reflection is an important quantum tunneling phenomenon in the conductor-superconductor junction. The Andreev reflection coefficients T
AR of a hybrid system with s-wave superconductor connected by topological nodal-line semimetals (TNLSMs-SC junction system) is calculated theoretically by using the Landauer–Büttiker formula combined with the nonequilibrium Green’s function method. The results show that when the direction of the boundary state electron and the incident electron are the same, only the bulk states of the TNLSMs involve the Andreev reflection of the hybrid system, and the Andreev reflection coefficients T
AR enhance with the increase of the Fermi energy

E
F

. We also study the effect of on-site energy ε

z
and mass term m on the Andreev reflection and find that the Andreev reflection in the system decreases rapidly with the increase of on-site energy ε

z
and mass term m. Moreover, we find that only in the presence of a mass term m, the Andreev reflection coefficients T

AR
of the system changes with the rise of the Fermi energy EF
. When a perpendicular magnetic field is applied in the system, the Andreev reflection coefficients T
AR in the superconducting gap will appear a series of oscillating peaks. For a hybrid system with the large perpendicular magnetic field applied, we find that the maximum Andreev reflection coefficients

T

AR

=
7.2

at the Fermi energy

E
F

=
0.0

and the incident electron energy

E
=
±
0.1

. The Andreev reflection coefficients T
AR is gradually enhanced in the superconducting gap (incident energy

|
E

|

⩽
0.2

) when a disorder is applied to the superconductor region of the system. However, the symmetry of the Andreev reflection coefficients T
AR is broken when the perpendicular magnetic field is applied to the system. These peculiar transport properties of the TNLSMs-SC junction system are expected to provide theoretical guidance for future applications.
Photon blockade in a high-damping cavity via a gain-type coupler
Authors: Li Shiyan , Wang Nan , Zhu Ai-Dong , Zhang Da-Wei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We propose a scheme to implement photon blockade in a non-Hermitian circuit quantum electrodynamics (circuit-QED) system where a single-mode cavity interacts with a two-level emitter through virtual photon excitation mediated by a coupler resonator. A damping compensation regime is introduced by the phase-lag arising from the medium mode, thereby the periodic exceptional points (EPs) are observed at which the system achieves gain-damping balance. This regime enables photon blockade to occur within the single-mode cavity with high-damping rate by controlling the gain circuit of the coupler, which breaks the limitation of a low-damping rate for photon blockade under weak drive and relaxes the stringent requirements on the quality factor of the cavity. The numerical simulations for the second-order correlation function, obtained using reported experimental parameters, exhibit excellent agreement with our analytical results. The findings of this study provide a circuit-QED solution for single-quantum devices based on the high-damping cavities, which is of great significance for integrated quantum computing networks.
System response time and optimal path
Authors: Melgarejo Augusto , Langoni Laura , Ruscitti Claudia 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this work we study, in general terms, the optimal path for an out-of-equilibrium process from a geometric perspective constructed from a probability density function belonging to the exponential family (PDFE). With this objective we have constructed the speed of entropy production for a system out of equilibrium. This speed of entropy production is not determined with respect to the clock time t but rather with respect to a dimensionless time

ξ

t

associated with a characteristic response time of each system

λ

t

.

In this context, we demonstrate that the constant entropy production speed condition leads to the system moving on a geodesic of the manifold constructed from the probability density function. In the last part of this work we apply our general results to study the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process (OU), which is a well-known stochastic process that strictly speaking describes the velocity of a Brownian particle under the influence of friction. As the system evolves we find that dimensionless time

ξ

t

passes slower than clock time t.
Structural, electronic, optical, mechanical, and phononic bulk properties of tetragonal trirutile antimonate MSb2O6 (M = Fe, Co, Ni, or Zn): a first-principles prediction for optoelectronic applications
Authors: Charif Rania , Makhloufi Rachid , Mouna Sarah Chaba , Chadli Abdelhakim , Barkat Ayoub , Nouiri Mourad 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This work does an extensive analysis of the optoelectronic and mechanical properties of the tri rutile structure type 3d transition metal Antimonate MSb2O6 (M = Fe, Co, Ni, or Zn), for the first time, utilizing the pseudo-potential plane wave approach within the density functional theory framework. When calculating the structural, optical, and mechanical properties, the exchange–correlation interactions were studied using the GGA-PBE functional, whereas when computing electronic, it is analyzed using the HSE06 hybrid functional. The equilibrium lattice parameters exhibit good agreement with the available experimental results. The electronic properties were estimated using the GGA-PBE and HSE06 functionals. Based on the calculated electronic properties with the GGA-PBE functional, the FeSb2O6, CoSb2O6, and NiSb2O6 materials exhibit metallic behavior with energy gap values of 0 eV, while ZnSb2O6 is a semiconductor with a narrow direct band gap (Γ–Γ) of 0.5 eV. Furthermore, the computed band gaps using the HSE06 functional are 0 eV, 0 eV, 1 eV (Γ–Γ), and 4 eV (Γ–Γ) for FeSb2O6, CoSb2O6, NiSb2O6, and ZnSb2O6, respectively. Density of states diagrams were used to gain deeper insights into the characteristics of the energy bands. The optical properties of these compounds, such as the dielectric function, energy loss function, conductivity, reflectivity, refractive index, and absorption coefficient were investigated over the energy range of 0 to 40 eV. The materials exhibited a high absorption coefficient and a significantly low reflectivity within the UV–vis energy spectrum. The negative cohesive energy Ecoh implies the chemical (thermodynamic) stability of the trirutile MSb2O6 (M = Fe, Co, Ni, or Zn). Mechanical stability is confirmed by applying the Born stability criteria using elastic constants (Cij). The absence of imaginary frequencies in the phonon spectrum calculations confirms the dynamic stability of the studied compounds. These results are consistent with previous experimental research on these materials in photocatalysis and gas sensor applications. On the other hand, these compounds possess exceptional high and broad optical absorption UV range, making them suitable for use in next-generation ultraviolet photodetectors.
Entropy-based geometric measures of correlations for bell diagonal states via measurement
Authors: Liu Yutong , Nan Hua , Zhang Lin , Jin Yan , Hong Yicheng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The classification and quantification of quantum correlations are the important issues in quantum information theory. Quantum relative entropy and Rényi relative entropy are both non-negative, and can therefore be regarded as generalized distances between quantum states. We first introduced the method proposed by Brodutch and Modi for constructing measurements of classical and quantum correlations. Subsequently, we use this method to construct measurement-induced geometric classical and quantum correlations based on quantum relative entropy and Rényi−

1

2

relative entropy. For two-qubit Bell diagonal states, the analytic expressions for these geometric classical correlations and quantum correlations are obtained.
Variability in individual native fibrin fiber mechanics
Authors: Helms Christine C 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Fibrin fibers are important structural elements in blood coagulation. They form a mesh network that acts as a scaffold and imparts mechanical strength to the clot. A review of published work measuring the mechanics of fibrin fibers reveals a range of values for fiber extensibility. This study investigates fibrinogen concentration as a variable responsible for variability in fibrin mechanics. It expands previous work to describe the modulus, strain hardening, extensibility, and the force required for fiber failure when fibers are formed with different fibrinogen concentrations using lateral force atomic force microscopy. Analysis of the mechanical properties showed fibers formed from 1 mg ml−1 and 2 mg ml−1 fibrinogen had significantly different mechanical properties. To help clarify our findings we developed two behavior profiles to describe individual fiber mechanics. The first describes a fiber with low initial modulus and high extensible, that undergoes significant strain hardening, and has moderate strength. Most fibers formed with 1 mg ml−1 fibrinogen had this behavior profile. The second profile describes a fiber with a high initial modulus, minimal strain hardening, high strength, and low extensibility. Most fibrin fibers formed with 2 mg ml−1 fibrinogen were described by this second profile. In conclusion, we see a range of behaviors from fibers formed from native fibrinogen molecules but various fibrinogen concentrations. Potential differences in fiber formation are investigated with SEM. It is likely this range of behaviors also occurs in vivo. Understanding the variability in mechanical properties could contribute to a deeper understanding of pathophysiology of coagulative disorders.
Wavemeter calibration by frequency comb
Authors: Egan Patrick F 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Upgrades to the vacuum wavelength calibration service at the National Institute of Standards and Technology are reported. The instrumentation centerpiece is an optical frequency comb stabilized to a GPS-disciplined oscillator, thereby providing direct traceability to the SI second. Historically, the service has covered lasers at the popular interferometry wavelengths red and green. Recently, capability has been added for calibrating wavemeters at multiple telecom wavelengths in the range

(
1520
<
λ
<
1570
)

nm

. For most commercially available wavemeters, the test uncertainty ratio is about 104.
Experimental study on enhancing pedestrian efficiency and crowd safety with regular sound under open boundaries
Authors: Fu Zhijian , Wei Pengchen , Chen Cheng , Luo Lin , Yuan Zhilu , Li Jian 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We empirically investigated the impact of regular sound on planar pedestrian movement in open boundary environments, a rarely studied topic. Participants walked to regular sound with different tempos (70 BPM vs. 100 BPM) and types (monotone vs. periodic ‘tick-tack’ rhythm). We found that regular sounds at 100 BPM, close to the normal walking pace, improve pedestrian efficiency. They reduce passing time by 8.41% and increase average flow by 9.50%. This efficiency enhancement is lower compared to single-file experiment with periodic boundaries, where reaching a high-density jammed phase is easier. Additionally, this efficiency enhancement from sound is reduced by unstable step synchronization under open boundaries and turning behavior. Regular sound significantly improves crowd safety in turning areas, where congestion levels (Cls) and crowd danger (Cd) are highest. Cls decrease by 8.27% with the 100 BPM monotone, and Cd decreases by 19.1% with the 100 BPM periodic rhythm. Operationally, regular sounds at 100 BPM can be used to guide pedestrian flow smoothly and effectively in crowd management.