bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
B - 44 Examining Test–Retest Reliability and Mean Score Differences in Self-Reported Neuropsychological Symptoms in Active-Duty and Veterans with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (Mtbi)
Authors: Albertorio Arianna D , Herring Tristan T , Ingram Paul B , Armistead-Jehle Patrick , Shura Robert D , Turkstra Lyn , Lu Lisa O , Curtiss Glenn , Bowles Amy O , Eapen Blessen C , Cooper Douglas B 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
Test–retest reliability is a foundational psychometric property of tests, providing a means through which tests may be assessed for time invariant interpretation. This study evaluated the test–retest reliability of several self-report instruments commonly employed in a veteran/military neurocognitive rehabilitation setting.

Method
Repeat administration of the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI), Key Behaviors Change Inventory (KBCI), Veterans RAND 12 Item Health Survey (VR12), C4 Inventory, Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression, Post-traumatic Checklist-DSM-5 (PCL-5), and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) was collected across baseline, one, four, and twelve week timepoints. Interclass correlation coefficients and a two-way mixed ANOVA was conducted on 31 Veteran and 22 Active-duty participants (71.5% male).

Results
Most measures demonstrated a significant mean difference during follow-up, with reductions across the 1- and 4-week follow-ups. ICC ranged from good to excellent (0.76–0.93) across the measures. Correlations between time points on measures were high (e.g., PCL-5 Baseline/4wk r = 0.93), suggesting high reliability for measures despite changing scores after treatment completion.

Conclusions
This study found good test–retest reliability across the three follow-up timelines, supporting the use of the included measures in neurocognitive rehabilitation settings. Reliability and post-treatment changes in symptoms observed across these measures will be further discussed.
B - 47 Assessing Subjective Cognitive Outcomes in Military Veterans: a Comparative Study of Million Veteran Program Participants with and without TBI History and PTSD
Authors: Ozturk Erin ,   Million Veteran Program (MVP), Chanfreau-Coffinier Catherine , Goodman Zachary T , Merritt Victoria C 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
We examined the distinct impacts of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) on subjective cognitive symptoms in Iraq/Afghanistan-era military Veterans who enrolled in the Million Veteran Program (MVP) and completed the Veterans Affairs TBI Screening and Evaluation Program.

Method
Veterans initially screened for possible deployment-related TBI (Screen+/Screen-). If a Veteran screened positive, they completed the Comprehensive Traumatic Brain Injury Evaluation to establish TBI diagnosis (CTBIE+/CTBIE-). Self-reported PTSD status (PTSD+/PTSD-) was collected from the MVP baseline survey. Veterans also completed the Medical Outcomes Study Cognitive Functioning Scale (MOS-Cog-R), a self-report measure of cognitive symptoms (6 items with total score 6–36). Veterans (N = 7774; 77.4% male) were categorized into six exclusive diagnostic groups based on screening, TBI diagnosis, and PTSD status: (1) Screen-/CTBIE-/PTSD- (n = 7537); (2) Screen-/CTBIE-/PTSD+ (n = 747); (3) Screen+/CTBIE-/PTSD- (n = 380); (4) Screen+/CTBIE-/PTSD+ (n = 633); (5) Screen+/CTBIE+/PTSD- (n = 397); and (6) Screen+/CTBIE+/PTSD+ (n = 1080). ANCOVAs adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics evaluated the association between diagnostic group and MOS-Cog-R total score.

Results
Results showed a significant association of diagnostic group with MOS-Cog-R total score (p &lt; 0.001, $\square{\!\!\!?}\, $p2 = 0.29). Post-hoc analyses showed that all groups endorsed significantly greater symptoms than the Screen-/CTBIE-/PTSD- group (p’s &lt; 0.001, $\square{\!\!\!?}\, $p2 = 0.04–0.31). Additionally, each PTSD+ group endorsed significantly greater symptoms compared to their counterpart PTSD- groups (p’s &lt; 0.001, $\square{\!\!\!?}\, $p2 = 0.08–0.11).

Conclusions
This is the first study to investigate distinct impacts of TBI and PTSD on subjective cognitive symptoms using TBI Screening and Evaluation Program data. Results reinforce prior work suggesting that PTSD greatly contributes to subjective cognitive distress, supporting that interventions should prioritize mental health treatment in this unique population.
B - 48 Gender-Based Network Comparisons of the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale at Acute Post-Concussion
Authors: Salva Christine E , Goodwin Grace J , Jarvis Sierra A , Kinsora Thomas F , Ross Staci R , Allen Daniel N 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
Prior literature suggests there may be gender-based differences in Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS) scores, with girls reporting more symptoms than boys at pre- and post-concussion. PCSS network analysis comparisons on gender have been conducted at pre-concussion but not post-concussion, which can determine whether gender-based differences in symptom relationships exist post-concussion. We conducted network comparisons between boys and girls from a sample of high school athletes at acute post-concussion to analyze differences in symptom relationships.

Method
Separate network analyses were conducted on acute post-concussion PCSS scores (within 72 hours post-suspected concussion) for boys (n = 2032) and girls (n = 1246), with nodes representing PCSS items and edges representing partial correlations between them. Expected influence was calculated to determine node importance in each network. Network Comparison Tests were used to compare network structure, global connectivity, and expected influence.

Results
Both networks’ expected influences and edge weights were stable and interpretable. There were no significant differences in network structure, connectivity, and expected influence between the groups. Networks consisted of positive and negative edges; strongest edges connected symptoms within similar domains (e.g., light and noise sensitivity).

Conclusions
Current results suggest that prior reports of gender-based differences in PCSS scores following concussion do not appear to be accounted for by differences in how PCSS items interact and influence each other. Differences may reflect actual differences in type and severity of post-concussion symptoms experienced by boys and girls or reflect differences in symptom reporting based on cultural influences. Future research could examine cultural or societal factors that influence gender-based differences in symptom reporting.
B - 49 A-Head of the Game: a Preliminary Meta-Analytic Review of Neuropsychological Performance in Individuals Exposed to Repetitive Head Impacts
Authors: Campbell Ivan , Aita Stephen L , Wagaman Bailey N , Ikonomou Vasilios C , Hernandez Katherine A , Hawley Nanako A , Pizer Jasmin , Del Bene Victor , Alosco Michael , Hill Benjamin D 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
We conducted a meta-analysis of the extant neuropsychological literature within individuals exposed to repetitive head impacts (RHI) in order to determine the impact of RHI on neuropsychological ability.

Method
Standardized search terms were applied in Embase, Scopus, Cochrane, PsycINFO, and PubMed. The search interval covered articles published from 1946 to October 2023. Analyses were random-effects models. Hedge’s g was used as a bias-corrected estimate of effect size. Between-study heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran’s Q and I2. Publication bias was assessed with Duval and Tweedie’s Trim-and-Fill method to identify evidence of missing studies.

Results
The initial omnibus literature search yielded 2143 studies. 35 studies (10,343 RHI exposed and 5211 referents) met our inclusion criteria of having RHI exposed participants and neuropsychological outcomes. Preliminary results showed RHI exposed individuals demonstrated significantly worse performance overall when compared to referents (k = 35, g = −0.20, p = 0.003; Q = 154.63) with a small effect size. Multiple moderation analyses were conducted examining specific cognitive domains, age, and RHI subgroups, among others. Trim-and-fill procedure estimated seven studies to be missing due to publication bias (adjusted g = −0.06, 95% CI = -0.20, 0.08).

Conclusions
In our preliminary analysis, individuals exposed to RHI performed slightly worse on average when compared to referents, though this effect was attenuated by accounting for publication bias and differed when accounting for specific moderating variables. Improved methodological standardization within the RHI literature is needed as well as more data collection and greater implementation of longitudinal study designs.
B - 50 Traumatic Brain Injury in Patients with Psychogenic Non-epileptic Seizures and Functioning
Authors: Berube Amelia , Tocco Krista , Curt LaFrance W , VanPatten Ryan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
Past studies reveal that many patients with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) also have a traumatic brain injury (TBI) history, but the specific influence of prior TBI on patients is presently under examination. This study aims to investigate the relationship between patients with PNES with a TBI history and symptoms/functioning, compared to those without a TBI history.

Method
Data collected from patients seen for comprehensive neuropsychiatric evaluation was analyzed, including TBI history, TBI severity, and Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scores. The GAF scale allows assignment of a numerical rating to patients based on their psychological and social functioning.

Results
Patients with PNES without TBI (n = 120; mean age 51) had higher average GAF scores (52.4) compared to those with TBI (n = 164, mean age 54, mean GAF 50) (p = 0.0059). Across PNES patients with a history of TBI, those with mild TBI exhibited notably lower GAF scores (43.2) than those with moderate (48.87) or severe (50) history of TBI.

Conclusion
Patients with PNES and a history of TBI had lower (worse) GAF scores than those without TBI, and worse in cases of mild TBI. Further exploration of demographic variables, education, and employment status will address potential confounds. Understanding the complex interplay between PNES and TBI may improve diagnosis and management strategies, with further research in advancing clinical practice.
B - 53 Neuropsychological Functioning after a Bi-Parietal Penetrating Traumatic Brain Injury in a 28-Year-Old Hispanic Male
Authors: Alsina Eduardo A , Kumbhani Sheba R , Aguila-Puentes Gisela , Ireland Susan J 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
In the U.S. there are approximately 115,000 non-fatal firearm injuries each year, resulting in an annual cost of over $229 billion. Of these injuries, some result in penetrating brain injuries where an object enters and lodges within the cranial cavity, with the severity of damage determined by the shape, mass, and energy released of the projectile as it passes through the brain. This case follows a 28-year-old right-handed Hispanic male with no premorbid medical history, 16 years of education, who experienced bi-parietal lesions as a result of a gunshot wound to the head one year prior. This trajectory is rare, with little literature detailing the effects of penetrating injuries to both parietal lobes.

Method
The gunshot wound resulted in a bullet trajectory from the left frontoparietal region to the right parietal calvarium with multiple displaced ballistic fragments. Since the injury, he presented with resolving right-sided weakness and sensory changes, reduced balance, memory complaints, and bilateral parietally mediated findings.

Results
Neuropsychological testing showed right-sided suppression (tactile, auditory, and visual in the lower quadrant), reduced sensation in his right hand, alexia with agraphia, acquired apraxia of speech without aphasia, Gerstmann’s Syndrome, topographical disorientation, visuospatial dysgnosia, and constructional apraxia. There was also indication of inattentiveness, memory impairments, and processing speed deficits.

Conclusions
The present case study delineates the neuropsychological sequalae after a penetrating brain injury to the right parietal lobe and left frontoparietal region, resulting in significant cognitive deficits consistent with pronounced bilateral parietal lobe findings.
B - 54 Concussion Symptomology Reporting by Sport
Authors: Stafford Claire , Bennett Ryan , Slicer Kayley 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
To investigate whether post-concussion symptomology differs between the following sports: basketball, cheerleading, soccer, and volleyball.

Method
A multivariate ANCOVA was conducted between the four sports, basketball, cheer, soccer, and volleyball, on post-concussion symptom reporting. Sex, handedness, age, level of education, number of concussions, past psychiatric treatment, and diagnosis of ADHD, autism, and dyslexia were controlled for. The basketball group (N = 86, 37.3% male, 62.7% female, Mage = 19.89). The cheerleading group (N = 78, 22.9% male, 77.1% female, Mage = 19.73). The soccer group (N = 160, 44% male, 56.0% female, Mage = 19.47). The volleyball group (N = 52, 100% female, Mage = 19.47). Post-hoc analyses were conducted to see which sports significantly differed in symptom reporting.

Results
There were significant differences in post-concussion symptom reporting between the four sports on symptoms of “balance problems” (p = 0.018, ηp2 = 0.027), “trouble falling asleep” (p = 0.002, ηp2 = 0.040), and “sleeping less than usual” (p = 0.005, ηp2 = 0.035). Post-hoc analysis revealed that volleyball players had significantly higher reports of balance problems when compared to basketball players. Cheerleaders had significantly higher reports of “trouble falling asleep” than basketball, soccer, and volleyball players. Cheerleaders had significantly higher reports of “sleeping less than usual” when compared to basketball and soccer players following a concussion.

Discussion
The study revealed that concussion symptoms vary depending on the sport, likely due to differences in mechanics, collision frequency, and protective measures. This emphasizes the need for customized concussion management for athletes in different sports to enhance safety and well-being..
B - 57 Examining Symptom Patterns in Anomalous Health Incidents: a Spectral Co-Clustering Analysis Using the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale
Authors: Chacko Thomas P , Hampton Stephen , Reinhard Matthew J , Breneman Charity B , Allen Nathaniel , Summers Angela C , Tschida Sherri , Samuel Immanuel , Brewster Ryan , Lu Calvin , Page Jeffery , Costanzo Michelle , Smith Douglas H , Broderick Gordon , Swanson Randel 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
The ImPACT Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS) is widely used to document post-concussion symptoms. This study investigated the structural patterns of PCSS using spectral co-clustering on data from U.S. diplomats and their families who served in Cuba and China, who reported experiencing Anomalous Health Incidents (AHIs).

Method
Clinicians at the University of Pennsylvania evaluated 65 individuals with potential AHI exposure (Median age-group = 35–45 years; 73.84% in Cuba; 49.23% females). PCSS feature scores were discretized into 4-level symptom severity expressions: none, mild, moderate, and severe. The preprocessed data were fit with spectral co-clustering model to extract optimal number of biclusters, by measuring scree plot with principal component analysis and Calinski-Harabasz (CH) score. Final model was also evaluated by CH score and a random label t-test to compare the significance of the clustering results.

Results
Overall, spectral co-clustering yielded two biclusters with CH score of 20.29 and random label t-test of p &lt; 0.001, suggesting reasonable clustering quality. Biclustering identified two sets of interpretable PCSS symptom characteristics. Cluster centroids X and Y (IDs retracted) were estimated using Manhattan distance, summarizing symptom characteristics of each cluster. More precisely, centroid X represented mild to moderate symptom profiles (e.g., headache, dizziness, drowsiness, and nervousness), while centroidY represented a relative absence of symptoms, except for mild nervousness and emotionality.

Conclusion
The spectral co-clustering of PCSS reveals patterns of elevated symptoms in one cluster and minimal symptom burden in the other, similar to outcomes observed after mild TBI. These patterns can guide future research directions and ultimately improve patient outcomes in various medical contexts.
B - 58 Emotional Attention and Psychological Outcomes: Insights from Eye-Tracking in Vietnam Veterans
Authors: Chacko Thomas P , Oh Hyuk , Breneman Charity , Allen Nathaniel , Summers Angela C , Tschida Sherri , Brewster Ryan , Samuel Immanuel , Lu Calvin , Costanzo Michelle E , Reinhard Matthew J 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
The mood-congruency hypothesis suggests that an individual’s attentional resources align with their current emotional state. We investigated whether attention to emotion-eliciting stimuli, as measured by eye-tracking, could be associated with psychological outcomes in Vietnam Veterans.

Method
We enrolled 117 Vietnam-theater Veterans (MeanAge = 69.5 years; SD = 3.4 years) and measured time to first fixation (TFF) and total fixation duration (TFD) while participants viewed emotional human faces (HAPPY, SAD, ANGRY) paired with neutral expressions (NEUTRAL). Participants completed 60 trials for different emotion-neutral pairs and completed self-report measures of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) using the PTSD Checklist-5 (PCL-5) and posttraumatic growth (PTG) using the PTG Inventory. Linear fixed-effects models (MATLAB, R2023a) were employed to examine self-report measures, focusing on attentional bias toward emotional faces in Model-1, and considering both emotional and neutral faces in Model-2.

Results
In Model-1, PTG was negatively related to TFF on HAPPY (p &lt; 0.05), but positively related to TFD on SAD (p &lt; 0.001). These findings align with PTG theory, suggesting that struggling with negative emotions may stimulate PTG. Moreover, PTSD symptom severity was negatively associated with TFF on HAPPY (p &lt; 0.05) and positively associated with TFF on NEUTRAL (p &lt; 0.01). In Model-2, greater PTG was associated with longer TFD on both HAPPY (p &lt; 0.05) and NEUTRAL (p &lt; 0.001). Interestingly, greater PTSD symptom severity was associated with longer TFD on HAPPY (p &lt; 0.05) and NEUTRAL (p &lt; 0.001) stimuli.

Conclusions
Our findings highlight the complex relationship between attentional allocation, emotional stimuli, and psychological outcomes in Vietnam Veterans. Future research will explore these dynamics and the clinical utility of eye tracking.
B - 61 Psilocybin as a First-Line Treatment of ADHD in Adult Populations
Authors: Perry James , Young Cara , Williams Julie 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The first line for symptom management of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a class of medications that act on dopamine and noradrenaline receptors, which leads to symptom reduction at the cost of significant side effects. These side effects have led to community searching for alternative methods that manage ADHD symptoms in adults that lead to less side effects. Microdosing Psilocybin has emerged as a course of treatment that could provide benefits for those who may experience serious side effects to stimulant medication.

Method
This literature review was conducted using search terms such as, ADHD attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, psychedelic treatment, stimulant treatment of ADHD, naturalistic treatment of ADHD, 5-HT, neural plasticity. Journals that reported about the benefits and concerns of Psilocybin use for ADHD are Neurochemistry International, American College of Neuropharmacology, European Psychology, Movement and Nutrition in Health and Disease, Journal of Psychopharmacology, and Psychiatry Research.

Results
Research shows that not only does microdosing Psilocybin have less adverse effects than stimulant medications when being used to treat ADHD, but it also leads to an alternative method that focuses on serotonin receptors when other avenues are unsuccessful.

Conclusions
This poster illustrates the alternative use of Psilocybin for treatment in ADHD and highlights neurological underpinnings that may lead to explaining success. Limitations of stimulant medications are also reviewed.
B - 63 Performance on Cognitive Flexibility Measures Predict the Occurrence of Adverse Driving Events among Adults
Authors: Kelderman Claire , Molina Karla , Herndon Hayley , Golden Charles 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
To explore whether adults’ cognitive flexibility performance predicted adverse driving events.

Methods
Adult participants (n = 297; Mage = 27.48, SD = 9.29; Med = 16.07, SD = 2.01, 63% female) were selected from a de-identified outpatient database. Participants reported having no neurological/neuropsychological or psychological/psychiatric diagnoses. Participants identified as 60.3% white, 17.8% Hispanic, 12.8% African American, and 9.1% other. A multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to examine whether measures of cognitive flexibility significantly predicted adverse driving events as measured by the reported number of motor vehicle accidents and moving violations (tickets).

Results
The results revealed that performance on the CPT-3 detectability (B = 0.04), Hit Reaction Time (HRT, B = 0.03), variability (B = −0.08); CATA detectability (B = 0.06), HRT (B = 0.08); WCST total number of trials (B = −0.04), total number of errors (B = −0.08); and Stroop interference scores (B = −0.03) significantly predicted the occurrence of adverse driving events, (F (8, 296) = 3.72, p &lt; 0.001, R2 = 0.09), albeit to a small effect.

Conclusions
Poorer performance on measures of cognitive flexibility predicted higher rates of motor vehicle accidents and moving violations. Participants who exhibited better reaction time, attention focus, ability to set shift and discriminate target information, as well as ability to inhibit cognitive interference reported less adverse driving events. Consistent with previous research, these findings indicate that cognitive abilities, specifically cognitive flexibility, can predict driving outcomes/performance. Future research could investigate findings with individuals across the lifespan and with executive function deficits.