bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypertrophic lichen planus versus prurigo nodularis: a dermoscopic perspective
Authors: Ankad Balachandra S. , Beergouder Savitha L. 
Published: June 2016

Background: Hypertrophic lichen planus (HLP) classically involves shin and ankles and is characterized by hyperkeratotic plaques and nodules. Prurigo nodularis (PN) is a chronic neurodermatitis that presents with intensely pruritic nodules. Histopathology of HLP and PN demonstrate epidermal hyperplasia, hypergranulosis, and compact hyperkeratosis. The dermis shows vertically arranged collagen fibers and an increased number of fibroblasts and capillaries in both conditions. Moreover, basal cell degeneration is confined to the tips of rete ridges, and band-like infiltration is conspicuously absent in HLP. Therefore, both conditions mimic each other clinically, which makes diagnosis difficult. Hence, there is a need for a diagnostic technique to differentiate both conditions.
Objective: To evaluate dermoscopic patterns in HLP and PN and to study these patterns histopathologically.
Materials and methods: The study was conducted at S. Nijalingappa Medical College in Bagalkot. It was an observational case series study. Ethical clearance and informed consent was obtained. A Dermlite 3 dermoscope (3Gen, San Juan Capistrano, CA, USA) attached to a Sony Cyber Shot camera DSC-W800 (Sony Electronics Inc., San Diego, California, USA) was employed. Histopathology was done to confirm the diagnosis.
Results: There were 10 patients each with HLP and PN. HLP was seen in 8 males and 2 females. PN was observed in 7 females and 3 males. Dermoscopy of HLP demonstrated pearly white areas and peripheral striations (100%), gray-blue globules (60%), comedo-like openings (30%), red dots (40%), red globules (10%), brownish-black globules (30%), and yellowish structures (90%). In PN, red dots (70%), red globules (60%), and pearly white areas with peripheral striations (100%) were observed under dermoscopy.
Conclusion: Both HLP and PN demonstrated specific dermoscopic patterns which can be demonstrated on histopathologic findings. The authors propose that these patterns are hallmarks of each condition. Thus, dermoscopy is a good diagnostic tool in the differentiation of HLP and PN.
Extensión universitaria y salud pública en Argentina como caso testigo en la región
Authors: López Marcelo Luis 
Published: June 2016

<p class="RESUMENCURSIVA"><span lang="ES-TRAD">El artículo es un avance de un proyecto de investigación sobre extensión universitaria (EU): función de la educación superior orientada al desarrollo social, cultural, productivo y medioambiental de los entornos universitarios. Pese a su relevancia la misma se desarrolla bastante pragmáticamente con poca orientación teórica por lo que estos estudios brindan elementos para la praxis extensionista. El objetivo del trabajo es mejorar la comprensión de la relación teoría-práctica en extensión universitaria en este caso delimitada al campo de la salud/salud pública. A partir del análisis de ponencias de congresos nacionales de extensión de Argentina, como caso testigo en la región, se examinan los resultados de cómo estos eventos están aportando a la construcción del objeto EU a partir de la red bibliográfica y el reagrupamiento de temas, objetos y sujetos. La metodología con la que se trabajó es la Grounded Theory. </span></p><p class="RESUMENCURSIVA"> </p>
L’art comme expérience et la pragmatique du spectateur, entre performance et philosophie
Authors: Wiame Aline 
Published: June 2016

En prenant pour point de départ les thèses développées par Jacques Rancière dans Le spectateur émancipé, cet article se demande à quelles conditions la philosophie pourrait jouer un rôle constructif dans l’étude de l’engagement du spectateur. L’article propose de se tourner vers la philosophie pragmatique de John Dewey telle qu’elle est exposée dans L’art comme expérience : pensée comme transformation des énergies corporelles, l’expérience esthétique définie par Dewey est somatique, rythmique et relationnelle, permettant le dépassement des oppositions acteur/spectateur, activité/passivité. La théorie esthétique tout entière de Dewey fait une large part à l’expérience du spectateur en tant qu’elle est créative. En explorant les influences qu’a eues L’art comme expérience sur le développement des arts américains et dans l’esthétique pragmatique selon Richard Shusterman, l’article met en évidence la part performative constitutive de l’expérience esthétique. En concevant le spectateur comme partie prenante d’une performance, le pragmatisme pousse à revisiter du même mouvement le rôle et la fonction de la philosophie : aux prises avec la question de l’engagement du spectateur, la philosophie peut alors être envisagée dans ses propres dimensions performatives, selon une approche telle que celle du réseau de chercheurs récemment créé « Performance Philosophy ».
L’expérience immersive et les intermittences de l’attention
Authors: Cyr Catherine 
Published: June 2016

Depuis quelques années, au Québec comme en Europe, plusieurs artistes s’attachent à mettre en scène des parcours théâtraux où le spectateur se déplace dans l’espace, de façon plus ou moins structurée. Alors que quelques-uns privilégient une certaine restriction de la mobilité physique et proposent une avancée strictement balisée, d’autres préfèrent laisser le spectateur déambuler sans contrainte dans un lieu aux frontières mouvantes, indéterminées. Cet engagement physique du spectateur dans un espace qu’il sillonne de ses pas et partage avec des acteurs (présents ou virtuels), induit des modalités particulières de réception. À travers des exemples tirés des pièces Résonances, de Carole Nadeau, et Himmelweg, de Geneviève L. Blais, et par le biais d’une réflexion portant sur le rapport à l’espace, à l’environnement sonore et aux acteurs (projetés et présents), le présent article s’attache à questionner la relation ambiguë à la représentation développée par le spectateur plongé dans un dispositif scénique où il perçoit sa propre activité, et où persiste, aiguë, sa conscience de soi. Catherine Cyr s’intéresse en particulier aux moments « blancs » ou interstitiels qui émaillent son parcours ambulatoire. Des moments de pure présence à soi qui, lorsque par intermittence disparaissent les images ou s’éteignent les voix, abolissent le rapport à l’Autre et viennent suspendre l’attention à la représentation.
Dimethyl Fumarate
Authors: Phillips J. Theodore , Agrella Stephanie , Fox Robert J. 
Published: June 2016

Background: Delayed-release dimethyl fumarate (DMF; also known as gastroresistant DMF) is indicated for the treatment of relapsing multiple sclerosis. Flushing and gastrointestinal (GI) adverse events (AEs) are common within the first few months of starting DMF therapy. Although most symptoms are mild or moderate in severity, transient, and infrequently result in treatment discontinuation, they nevertheless present a challenge for patients to adhere to therapy and achieve an optimal treatment response.Methods: This review discusses management strategies for the prophylaxis and treatment of common DMF-associated AEs based on clinical trial evidence and real-world experience in clinical practice settings.Results: Before starting DMF therapy, patients should receive counseling on the importance of treatment adherence and the likely occurrence and severity of flushing and GI AEs (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain). Management strategies, such as administering DMF with food, using a slower-dose titration schedule, applying temporary dose reductions, and using symptomatic therapies, provide clinicians with several approaches to address DMF tolerability. In particular, DMF coadministration with certain foods (eg, sausage, peanut butter) may prevent or reduce the severity of GI AEs. Taking aspirin 325 mg/day 30 minutes before administering DMF in the first month of therapy can reduce the incidence and severity of flushing without negatively affecting GI-related events.Conclusions: Through continual patient education and support and management of treatment-related flushing and GI AEs, clinicians can help patients adhere to and persist with DMF therapy, thus maximizing treatment benefit.
Experimental analysis of behavior in nanobubbles using echograms under ultrasound exposure
Authors: Wada Hikaru , Koido Jun , Miyazawa Shinya , Mochizuki Takashi , Masuda Kohji , Unga Johan , Oda Yusuke , Suzuki Ryo , Maruyama Kazuo 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Although we have reported our attempts to actively control microbubbles in flow using acoustic radiation force for future drug delivery systems, the microbubbles we used are not applicable for in vivo experiments. Thus, we examined two types of nanobubble with a drug-retaining function. Because the nanobubbles are invisible in a conventional optical observation, we observed the behavior of nanobubbles using ultrasound images (echograms). First, we found the optimal settings of echography to guarantee the relationship between the brightness variation and lipid concentration of nanobubbles. Then, we derived the destructive coefficient using two types of path under continuous ultrasound exposure of 5 MHz. Results indicate that the controllability is related to the construction of nanobubbles and the spatial distribution of the ultrasound field. We realized that the design of the ultrasound field is important with Bubble A, whereas the frequency of ultrasound emission needs to be discussed with Bubble B.
Theoretical modeling of pulse discharge cycle in dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuator
Authors: Sato Shintaro , Ohnishi Naofumi 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Simple models based on two-dimensional simulations are proposed to estimate intervals of periodically observed current pulses with a positive-going voltage in a dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuator. There are two distinct peaks in one streamer discharge; one is related to the formation of an ion cloud and the other is related to a filamentary discharge that is identified as a streamer. Simulation results show that the intervals of the current pulses depend on the slope of the applied voltage. For the ion-cloud formation phase, we model the time evolution of electron number density at the exposed electrode with ionization frequency. For the ion-cloud expansion phase, a positive ion cylinder model is proposed to estimate the electric field generated by surface charge on the dielectric. These models well reproduce the discharge intervals obtained in the numerical simulations.
THz limb sounder (TLS) for lower thermospheric wind, oxygen density, and temperature
Authors: Wu Dong L. , Yee Jeng‐Hwa , Schlecht Erich , Mehdi Imran , Siles Jose , Drouin Brian J. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractNeutral winds are one of the most critical measurements in the lower thermosphere and E region ionosphere (LTEI) for understanding complex electrodynamic processes and ion‐neutral interactions. We are developing a high‐sensitivity, low‐power, noncryogenic 2.06 THz Schottky receiver to measure wind profiles at 100–140 km. The new technique, THz limb sounder (TLS), aims to measure LTEI winds by resolving the wind‐induced Doppler shift of 2.06 THz atomic oxygen (OI) emissions. As a transition between fine structure levels in the ground electronic state, the OI emission is in local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) at altitudes up to 350 km. This LTE property, together with day‐and‐night capability and small line‐of‐sight gradient, makes the OI limb sounding a very attractive technique for neutral wind observations. In addition to the wind measurement, TLS can also retrieve [OI] density and neutral temperature in the LTEI region. TLS leverages rapid advances in THz receiver technologies including subharmonically pumped (SHP) mixers and Schottky‐diode‐based power multipliers. Current SHP Schottky receivers have produced good sensitivity for THz frequencies at ambient environment temperatures (120–150 K), which are achievable through passively cooling in spaceflight. As an emerging technique, TLS can fill the critical data gaps in the LTEI neutral wind observations to enable detailed studies on the coupling and dynamo processes between charged and neutral molecules.
Sensitivity of Arctic warming to sea ice concentration
Authors: Yim Bo Young , Min Hong Sik , Kim Baek‐Min , Jeong Jee‐Hoon , Kug Jong‐Seong 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe examine the sensitivity of Arctic amplification (AA) to background sea ice concentration (SIC) under greenhouse warming by analyzing the data sets of the historical and Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 runs of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5. To determine whether the sensitivity of AA for a given radiative forcing depends on background SIC state, we examine the relationship between the AA trend and mean SIC on moving 30 year windows from 1960 to 2100. It is found that the annual mean AA trend varies depending on the mean SIC condition. In particular, some models show a highly variable AA trend in relation to the mean SIC clearly. In these models, the AA trend tends to increase until the mean SIC reaches a critical level (i.e., 20–30%), and the maximum AA trend is almost 3 to 5 times larger than the trend in the early stage of global warming (i.e., 50–60%, 60–70%). However, the AA trend tends to decrease after that. Further analysis shows that the sensitivity of AA trend to mean SIC condition is closely related to the feedback processes associated with summer surface albedo and winter turbulent heat flux in the Arctic Ocean.
Quantifying the drivers of ocean‐atmosphere CO2 fluxes
Authors: Lauderdale Jonathan M. , Dutkiewicz Stephanie , Williams Richard G. , Follows Michael J. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA mechanistic framework for quantitatively mapping the regional drivers of air‐sea CO2 fluxes at a global scale is developed. The framework evaluates the interplay between (1) surface heat and freshwater fluxes that influence the potential saturated carbon concentration, which depends on changes in sea surface temperature, salinity and alkalinity, (2) a residual, disequilibrium flux influenced by upwelling and entrainment of remineralized carbon‐ and nutrient‐rich waters from the ocean interior, as well as rapid subduction of surface waters, (3) carbon uptake and export by biological activity as both soft tissue and carbonate, and (4) the effect on surface carbon concentrations due to freshwater precipitation or evaporation. In a steady state simulation of a coarse‐resolution ocean circulation and biogeochemistry model, the sum of the individually determined components is close to the known total flux of the simulation. The leading order balance, identified in different dynamical regimes, is between the CO2 fluxes driven by surface heat fluxes and a combination of biologically driven carbon uptake and disequilibrium‐driven carbon outgassing. The framework is still able to reconstruct simulated fluxes when evaluated using monthly averaged data and takes a form that can be applied consistently in models of different complexity and observations of the ocean. In this way, the framework may reveal differences in the balance of drivers acting across an ensemble of climate model simulations or be applied to an analysis and interpretation of the observed, real‐world air‐sea flux of CO2.
High‐frequency gravity waves and homogeneous ice nucleation in tropical tropopause layer cirrus
Authors: Jensen Eric J. , Ueyama Rei , Pfister Leonhard , Bui Theopaul V. , Alexander M. Joan , Podglajen Aurélien , Hertzog Albert , Woods Sarah , Lawson R. Paul , Kim Ji‐Eun , Schoeberl Mark R. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe impact of high‐frequency gravity waves on homogeneous‐freezing ice nucleation in cold cirrus clouds is examined using parcel model simulations driven by superpressure balloon measurements of temperature variability experienced by air parcels in the tropical tropopause region. We find that the primary influence of high‐frequency waves is to generate rapid cooling events that drive production of numerous ice crystals. Quenching of ice nucleation events by temperature tendency reversal in the highest‐frequency waves does occasionally produce low ice concentrations, but the overall impact of high‐frequency waves is to increase the occurrence of high ice concentrations. The simulated ice concentrations are considerably higher than indicated by in situ measurements of cirrus in the tropical tropopause region. One‐dimensional simulations suggest that although sedimentation reduces mean ice concentrations, a discrepancy of about a factor of 3 with observed ice concentrations remains. Reconciliation of numerical simulations with the observed ice concentrations will require inclusion of physical processes such as heterogeneous nucleation and entrainment.
Electric fields associated with small‐scale magnetic holes in the plasma sheet: Evidence for electron currents
Authors: Goodrich Katherine A. , Ergun Robert E. , Stawarz Julia E. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe report observations of magnetic holes (MHs) in the near‐Earth (8 RE to 12 RE) plasma sheet that have physical sizes perpendicular to the magnetic field (B) on the order of the ion Larmor radius (ρi) and, more importantly, have current layers less than ρi in thickness. Small‐scale MHs can have >90% depletion in |B| and are commonly associated with the braking of bursty bulk flow events. The generation of MHs is often attributed to magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) instabilities, which requires a size greater than ρi; the depletion in |B| is from an ion current consistent with a pressure gradient. Electric field (E) observations indicate a negative potential inside of small‐scale MHs that creates an outward E at the boundary, which drives an E × B electron current in a thin layer. These observations indicate that a Hall electron current is primarily responsible for the depletion of |B| in small‐scale magnetic holes, rather than the ion pressure gradient.
Confirming a pyrolitic lower mantle using self‐consistent pressure scales and new constraints on CaSiO3 perovskite
Authors: Sun Ningyu , Mao Zhu , Yan Shuai , Wu Xiang , Prakapenka Vitali B. , Lin Jung‐Fu 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn this study, we have examined the lower mantle composition and mineralogy by modeling the density (ρ), bulk sound velocity (VΦ), and dlnρ/dlnVΦ profiles of candidate lower mantle minerals using literature and new experimental equation of state (EoS) results. For CaSiO3 perovskite, complimentary synchrotron X‐ray diffraction measurements in a laser‐heated diamond anvil cell were conducted up to 156 GPa between 1200 K and 2600 K to provide more reliable constraints on the thermal EoS parameters. These new experimental results as well as literature P‐V‐T data sets are systematically analyzed using an internally self‐consistent pressure scale. We have modeled ρ, VΦ, and dlnρ/dlnVΦ profiles of the lower mantle with representative pyrolitic and chondritic compositional models in which the effect of Fe spin transition in ferropericlase is also taken into account. Our modeling results show that a pyrolitic lower mantle with an aggregate mineralogy of 75 vol % bridgmanite, 17 vol % ferropericlase, and 8 vol % CaSiO3 perovskite produces ρ and VΦ profiles in better agreement with preliminary reference Earth model than a lower mantle with a chondritic composition. The modeled ρ, VΦ, and dlnρ/dlnVΦ are mainly affected by the relative ratio of bridgmanite and ferropericlase but are not sensitive to the variation of the CaSiO3 perovskite content. In addition, the spin crossover of Fe in ferropericlase can greatly raise the value of dlnρ/dlnVΦ in the middle lower mantle, which is useful in detecting the presence of ferropericlase in the region. Based on these new mineral physical constraints and radial seismic structure, our study suggests the lower mantle is pyrolitic, which is chemically indistinguishable from the upper mantle.
Effects of compositional changes on reactivity continuum and decomposition kinetics of lake dissolved organic matter
Authors: Mostovaya Alina , Koehler Birgit , Guillemette François , Brunberg Anna‐Kristina , Tranvik Lars J. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractTo address the link between the composition and decomposition of freshwater dissolved organic matter (DOM), we manipulated the DOM from three boreal lakes using preincubations with UV light to cleave large aromatic molecules and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) to remove colored phenolic compounds. Subsequently, we monitored the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) loss over 4 months of microbial degradation in the dark to assess how compositional changes in DOM affected different aspects of the reactivity continuum, including the distribution of the apparent decay coefficients. We observed profound effects on decomposition kinetics, with pronounced shifts in the relative share of rapidly and more slowly decomposing fractions of the DOM. In the UV‐exposed treatment initial apparent decay coefficient k0 was almost threefold higher than in the control. Significantly higher relative DOC loss in the UV‐exposed treatment was sustained for 2 months of incubation, after which decay coefficients converged with those in the control. The PVP removed compounds with absorbance and fluorescence characteristics representative of aromatic compounds, which led to slower decomposition, compared to that in the control. Our results demonstrate the reactivity continuum underlying the decomposition of DOM in freshwaters and highlight the importance of intrinsic properties of DOM in determining its decomposition kinetics.
On Becoming Scholars and Activists for Disability Rights
Authors: Balcazar Fabricio E. , Suarez‐Balcazar Yolanda 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn this paper, the authors discussed the nexus between the Americans with Disabilities Act and the founding of the field of Community Psychology. Contributions of the latter and future areas of research are reviewed here in three areas of importance to both fields: Community living and participation, employment, and transition from high school. Community psychology can make potential contributions to advancing research in these three areas. Implications for future research are discussed.
Proteasome inhibitor associated thrombotic microangiopathy
Authors: Yui Jennifer C. , Van Keer Jan , Weiss Brendan M. , Waxman Adam J. , Palmer Matthew B. , D'Agati Vivette D. , Kastritis Efstathios , Dimopoulos Meletios A. , Vij Ravi , Bansal Dhruv , Dingli David , Nasr Samih H. , Leung Nelson 
Published: June 2016

A variety of medications have been implicated in the causation of thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA). Recently, a few case reports have emerged of TMA attributed to the proteasome inhibitors (PI) bortezomib and carfilzomib in patients with multiple myeloma. The aim of this case series was to better characterize the role of PI in the etiology of drug‐induced TMA. We describe eleven patients from six medical centers from around the world who developed TMA while being treated with PI. The median time between medication initiation and diagnosis of TMA was 21 days (range 5 days to 17 months). Median laboratory values at diagnosis included hemoglobin—7.5 g dL−1, platelet count—20 × 109/L, LDH—698 U L−1, creatinine—3.12 mg dL−1. No patient had any other cause of TMA, including ADAMTS13 inhibition, other malignancy or use of any other medication previously associated with TMA. Nine patients had resolution of TMA without evidence of hemolysis after withdrawal of PI. Two patients had stabilization of laboratory values but persistent evidence of hemolysis despite medication withdrawal. One patient had recurrence of TMA with rechallenge of PI. There is a strong level of evidence that PI can cause DITMA. In evaluating patients with suspected TMA, PI use should be recognized as a potential etiology, and these medications should be discontinued promptly if thought to be the cause of TMA. Am. J. Hematol. 91:E348–E352, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.