bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ALWAYS COMING HOME: METIS LEGAL UNDERSTANDINGS OF COMMUNITY AND TERRITORY
Authors: Sloan Kerry 
Published: April 2017

Metis ideas of territory are complex, varied and often not well understood. Metis perspectives on intersections of territory and community are likewise not appreciated by Canadian courts. This is evident in the difficulties of Metis rights claimants in British Columbia, where misconceptions about Metis history and traditional use areas have resulted in courts questioning the existence of historic Metis communities in the province. The leading case on Metis rights in Canada, R v Powley, requires claimants to prove there is a historic Metis community in an area where claimed rights are exercised. In BC, courts following Powley in three cases – R v Howse, R v Nunn and R v Willison – have held there are no historic Metis communities in the Kootenays, the south Okanagan, or the Kamloops/Shuswap area. Although these regions comprise only a portion of lands within provincial boundaries, the BC government takes the position there are no Metis communities in the province capable of meeting the Powley test, and thus asserts there can be no Metis Aboriginal rights holders in BC.
To challenge this position, and in order to illustrate the multiplicity and richness of Metis legal understandings of territory and community, the author braids family history, narrative, legal analysis and the perspectives of 23 Metis people from the southern BC interior who were involved in or affected by the Howse, Nunn and Willison cases. The author suggests that expansive and nuanced Metis understandings of communities and territories cannot be encompassed by the Powley/Willison definition of a Metis community as “... a group of Métis with a distinctive collective identity, living together in the same geographic area and sharing a common way of life”. While the court’s definition posits history, territory and community as separable, Metis views suggest these concepts are interlinked and mutually constitutive.
DRIVING THE GIFT HOME
Authors: Mills Aaron 
Published: April 2017

In reflecting on the relationship between ongoing Canadian colonialism and sacred indigenous spaces, the author considers different conceptions of constitutionalism and of law from the location of Gaamitigomishkag, a sacred site for four Anishinaabe communities (including the author’s) in the Boundary Waters area of Treaty #3. The inquiry is framed by the author’s relationship with his grandmother. In the first section he recalls what it was like learning to learn Anishinaabe law from her. He invites his readers to join him in shifting their focus from what to how they learn something (perhaps radically) new. In the second section he shares an anecdote about learning from his grandmother on one particular summer day at Gaamitigomishkag. In the third section, he challenges readers to deploy the interrogative shift from what to how through a narrative that begins to disclose structural differences between Canadian and Anishinaabe constitutionalisms, and thus, their respective systems of law.
Given the narrative form of much of this article, readers have to work for their meanings. Each arc in the third section’s narrative begins at Gaamitigomishkag, but discloses very different ways that peoples might constitute themselves as political community in, near and through it. A critical question the article poses is not what, but rather how should one think about community in this space? The article ends in the present where Canadian constitutionalism has been smashed on top of Anishinaabe constitutionalism. The author is left at Gaamitigomishkag reflecting on which community(ies) he belongs to. He invites the reader to consider whether he decides.
STSQEY’ULÉCW RE ST'EXELCEMC (ST’EXELEMC LAWS FROM THE LAND)
Authors: Sandy Nancy 
Published: April 2017

This article is a journey to uncover the foundation of the laws that kept children safe at T’exelc – the place where the salmon charge up the river. T’exelc is one village on Secwepemculécw – land of the Secwepemc People. The people who live at T’exelc are known as ST’exelcemc.
The ST’exelcemc laws are drawn from the land and unearthed in the stories of the Stet’ex7ém – the Elders reminiscing about how they were raised, the stories they heard and how they lived their lives. The Stet’ex7ém place themselves first on the land to describe the activity they are involved in and with the people who they do their work with. This rich methodology is our legal process to define the laws that still govern our relationships to the land and its resources, with our kinship ties in our community of relations, and those of other surrounding Indigenous nations. As the Stet’ex7ém describe these legal relationships they recognize they only speak about their laws - Stsqey'ulécw re st'exelcemc – St’exelemc Laws From The Land, and each story captures the values and legal principles that form the ctk’wenme7iple7ten – all the laws in every aspect of our lives. Those laws, values and principles are expressed in Secwepemctsín – our language to tell us what is right and what is wrong – the heart of any legal regime. It is important you hear these stories and transmit this knowledge for all of our kw’séltken – all our relatives so others know we like all other Indigenous Peoples had our own government and our own laws since time immemorial. This witnessing is an important journey to reconciliation for the revival of S’texlecemc governance and nation-building. The Stet’ex7ém stories are a healing and living testament to the power of how we utilized our laws to continually maintain our legal order in the face of colonialism.
THE IDEA OF ACCESS TO JUSTICE: REFLECTIONS ON NEW ZEALAND’S ACCIDENT COMPENSATION (OR PERSONAL INJURY) SYSTEM
Authors: Mijatov Tiho , Barraclough Tom , Forster Warren 
Published: April 2017

The purpose of this article is to bring clarity in thinking about access to justice. We examine the idea of access to justice in the reform of personal injury law in New Zealand. Our findings are applicable to law reform in any area of law involving vulnerable people. After tracing the legal history of “access to justice,” we isolate four separate conceptions of access to justice: equality before the law, a hybrid of judicial and non-judicially focused conceptions that we have called the multifactorial conception, and conceptions emphasizing either judicial or non-judicial elements. We identify key features of each conception, and its strengths and weaknesses, in order to improve the quality of dialogue in law reform efforts. We conclude by considering the implications of our findings for law, which allow comparisons to be made between systems of law and law reform that aim to improve access to justice. Cet article a pour but d’apporter des éclaircissements dans la réflexion concernant l’accès à la justice. Les auteurs y étudient l’idée de l’accès à la justice dans la réforme du droit du préjudice personnel en Nouvelle-Zélande. Leurs conclusions sont applicables à la réforme du droit dans n’importe quel domaine touchant les personnes sans défense. Après avoir reconstitué l’histoire juridique de l’« accès à la justice », les auteurs isolent quatre conceptions distinctes de cette notion : l’égalité en droit, une conception hybride comportant des éléments judiciaires et non judiciaires et des conceptions privilégiant soit les éléments judiciaires, soit les éléments non judiciaires. Les auteurs cernent les principales caractéristiques de chacune de ces conceptions, leurs forces et leurs faiblesses afin d’améliorer la qualité du dialogue dans les efforts de réforme du droit. Ils concluent en évoquant les répercussions de leurs conclusions pour le droit, ce qui permet l’établissement de comparaisons utiles entre les systèmes juridiques et une réforme du droit qui prétend favoriser l’accès à la justice.
Factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de infección de vías urinarias por microorganismos productores de betalactamasas de espectro extendido adquiridos en la comunidad, en dos hospitales de Bogotá D.C., Colombia
Authors: Pineda-Posada Mariana , Arias Gerson , Suárez-Obando Fernando , Bastidas Alirio , Ávila-Cortés Yeisson 
Published: April 2017

Objetivo: Determinar factores de riesgo para infección urinaria por microorganismos productores de betalactamasas de espectro extendido (BLEE) adquirida en la comunidad en pacientes adultos.Material y método: Estudio de casos y controles, en el período comprendido entre enero de 2012 a mayo de 2015, en dos hospitales de Bogotá D.C., Colombia. Pareo por edad, año del aislamiento, microorganismo y género. Se excluyeron pacientes con antecedente de infección por un microorganismo productor de BLEE en el último mes e infección urinaria asociada al cuidado de la salud.Resultados: Se analizaron 555 pacientes: 185 casos y 370 controles. 462 pacientes (83,2%) de la Fundación Clínica Shaio y 93 (16,8%) del Hospital Santa Clara. Factores de riesgo identificados:Infección urinaria recurrente (OR 2,13 con IC de 1,48 a 3,07), enfermedad renal crónica (OR 1,56, IC del 95% de 1,07 a 2,27), uso previo de antibióticos (OR 3,46, IC del 95% de 2,48 a 5,35), hospitalización reciente (OR 3,0, IC del 95% de 1,96 a 2,45), diabetes mellitus (OR 1,61 con IC del 95% de 1,06 a 2,45) e infección urinaria alta (OR 2,64 con IC del 95% de 1,61 a 4,32).Conclusiones: Los factores de riesgo para microorganismos productores de BLEE adquiridos en la comunidad fueron en orden de frecuencia: antecedente de antibioticoterapia reciente, hospitalización previa, presencia de infección urinaria alta, así como los antecedentes de infección urinaria recurrente, enfermedad renal crónica y diabetes mellitus, lo que concuerda con los principales hallazgos descritos en la literatura mundial.
Infecciones tempranas en pacientes trasplantados en un hospital de alta complejidad
Authors: Patiño-López Marilú , Echeverri-Toro Lina , Bonfante-Olivares Laura , Atehortúa-Muñoz Santiago , Ospina-Ospina Sigifredo 
Published: April 2017

Objetivo: Determinar las características epidemiológicas, clínicas y microbiológicas de las infecciones tempranas en pacientes trasplantados en un hospital de alta complejidad.Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo transversal utilizando la base de datos del centro de trasplantes y las historias clínicas de los pacientes trasplantados. Se incluyeron pacientes que adquirieron infección en el primer mes pos trasplante. El análisis de los datos se realizó en el software estadístico SPSS 21.0, se calcularon medidas descriptivas y de asociación (chi cuadrado y test exacto de Fisher).Resultados: Se estudiaron 53 pacientes trasplantados. La prevalencia de infecciones tempranas fue de 24,7%. La prevalencia por tipo de trasplante fue: para trasplante combinado hígado/riñón 50%, para trasplante de intestino 33,3%, para trasplante de hígado 28,8% y para trasplante renal 21,6%. Las infecciones más frecuentes fueron: infección el tracto urinario (43,4%), bacteriemia (26,4%) e infección del sitio operatorio (22,6%). Las infecciones bacterianas fueron las más predominantes con un 88,6%, seguidas por las infecciones fúngicas en un 7,5 % y las virales en un 3,7%.Los microorganismos más frecuentes fueron: Escherichia coli (60,4%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (17%), y Staphylococcus aureus (5,7%). El 41,5% de los microrganismos presentaron multirresistencia, de éstos Escherichia coli con un 54,5% y Klebsiella pneumoniae con un 40,9%, productoras de betalactamasas de espectro extendido (BLEE).Conclusiones: Las infecciones bacterianas fueron las más frecuentes, en su mayoría asociadas a la atención en salud, con mayor prevalencia de infección del tracto urinario y un alto porcentaje de multirresistencia antimicrobiana.
Chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Echinophora platyloba essential oil
Authors: Mahdian Fourough , Mahboubi Mohaddese , Rahimi Ebrahim , Moslehi Shad Maryam 
Published: April 2017

Objetivo: Echinophora platyloba se utiliza tradicionalmente como agente antimicrobiano con el fin de preservar los productos caseros de deterioro. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la composición química del aceite esencial, actividad antimicrobiana y antioxidante del aceite esencial de E. platyloba de la provincia de Shahr-e-Kord.Materiales y métodos: la composición química del aceite esencial de E. platyloba mediante técnicas de GC-MS y GC y evaluar su efecto antibacteriano frente a Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica y Helicobacter pylori por ensayos de difusión en disco y de micro dilución en caldo. La actividad antioxidante del aceite esencial de E. platyloba se evaluó por los radicales ABST. β-ocimeno y α-cariofileno eran los componentes principales del aceite esencial de E. platyloba. El aceite esencial mostró la actividad antibacteriana prometido contra S. aureus, seguido de S. enterica y H. pylori. El aceite esencial presenta actividad antioxidante del aceite esencial mostró la IC de 0. 32 mg/ml que fue mayor que la IC50 de ácido ascórbico (0.20 mg/ml).En conclusión: Aceite esencial de E. platyloba ha se recomienda ß-ocimeno y quimiotipo α-cariofileno y su uso como agentes antioxidantes y antibacterianas como sus usos tradicionales.
Primer caso del síndrome hemofagocítico asociado con posible infección con Rickettsia sp del grupo de las fiebres manchadas, Meta, Colombia
Authors: Sánchez Liliana , Máttar Salim , Contreras Verónica 
Published: April 2017

El presente estudio describe un caso de síndrome hemofagocítico (SHF) probablemente asociado a la infección por una especie de Rickettsia del grupo de las fiebres manchadas (GFM). La paciente fue una niña de ocho años procedente de un área rural tropical del departamento del Meta, en el Oriente Colombiano, la cual fue admitida en el Hospital de Villavicencio con fiebre alta de tres días de evolución, dolor de cabeza, erupción, astenia, dolor abdominal, linfadenopatias y hepatoesplenomegalia. Los estudios serológicos para HIV, hepatitis, citomegalovirus, virus Epstein Barr entre otros resultaron negativos. La paciente fue admitida en un estudio de fiebres tropicales indiferenciadas, las muestras de suero pareadas fueron analizadas mediante inmunofluorescencia indirecta (IFI) para detección de anticuerpos IgG contra Rickettsia spp., del GFM y se encontró seroconversión de títulos de anticuerpos entre fase aguda (IgG 1:64) y convaleciente (IgG 1:1024). Dada la rápida remisión de las manifestaciones clínicas tras la instauración del tratamiento con doxiciclina, la causa del síndrome hemofagocítico fue atribuido a la infección por Rickettsia spp del GFM.
ZONASI GEOMORFOLOGI DAN KOREKSI KOLOM AIR UNTUK PEMETAAN SUBSTRAT DASAR MENGGUNAKAN CITRA QUICKBIRD
Authors: Selamat Muhammad Banda , Jaya Indra , Siregar Vincentius P. , Hestirianoto Totok 
Published: April 2017

Salah satu kelemahan metode koreksi kolom air adalah dapat memunculkan bias dalam estimasi rasio koefisien atenuasi. Bias ini berkontribusi pada nilai akurasi tematik peta substrat dasar. Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan zonasi geomorfologi untuk meningkatkan akurasi tematik peta substrat yang dihasilkan dari metode koreksi kolom air. Nilai piksel citra Quickbird dikonversi ke radiansi dan dilanjutkan dengan koreksi kolom air untuk menghasilkan peta substrat dasar dengan tiga tema: substrat dominan pasir, lamun dan karang. Data lapangan dikelompokkan menggunakan metode Bray curtis dan menjadi dasar bagi reklasifikasi. Profil geomorfologi dicitra disadap dari gabungan kanal hijau dan merah, mengacu pada hasil survei batimetri. Akurasi tematik metode kombinasi ini dapat mencapai lebih dari 80%.
ANALISIS LOGIT KEPUTUSAN PERILAKU ILLEGAL FISHING NELAYAN PELABUHAN PERIKANAN NUSANTARA BRONDONG JAWA TIMUR
Authors: Tiwiw Clara , Monintja Daniel R. , Fauzi Akhmad , Soewardi Kadarwan , Nikijuluw Victor P.H. 
Published: April 2017

Kegiatan illegal fishing pada dasarnya tidak saja dilakukan oleh nelayan asing tetapi juga dilakukan oleh nelayan-nelayan Indonesia dengan ukuran kapal yang relatif kecil yaitu dibawah 30 Gross Tone (GT). Ukuran kapal yang kecil lepas dari analisis kegiatan ilegal, padahal dalam jumlah kapal yang banyak dengan kapasitas yang kecil tentu akan memberikan masalah besar bagi pengelolaan sumber daya ikan di Indonesia. Nelayan yang bermukim di Brondong Jawa Timur merupakan salah satu contoh yang lebih memiliki untuk melakukan kegiatan illegal fishing dengan menurunkan ukuran kapal yaitu menurunkan GT. Kegiatan penangkapan ikan secara ilegal dilakukan karena beban ekonomi untuk pengurusan yang cukup tinggi dan tata cara pemgurusan perijinan yang sangat merepotkan merupakan alasan utama nelayan Brondong.
Les stratégies de légitimation morale de l’innovation
Authors: Ben Slimane Karim , Diridollou Cédric 
Published: April 2017

Dans les activités moralement contestables, à l’instar de celle des services funéraires, la légitimité morale est considérée comme un enjeu central. Cependant, la littérature a occulté les stratégies de légitimation dans le cadre d’innovations dans ce type d’activités. Ce travail aspire à combler ce manque dans la littérature en étudiant le cas de l’introduction de la transmission des cérémonies funéraires via Internet en France. Il met à jour quatre stratégies adoptées par les acteurs du secteur. Il s’agit des stratégies de rassurance, utilitariste, téléologique et d’humanisation.
A Management Algorithm for Mitomycin C Induced Cystitis
Authors: Luckenbaugh Amy N. , Marks Rory M. , Miller David C. , Weizer Alon Z. , Stoffel John T. , Montgomery Jeffrey S. 
Published: April 2017

Background/Objective: A post-bladder tumor resection dose of MMC can reduce non-invasive papillary (pTa) bladder cancer recurrences by up to 40%; this treatment is recommended in both the AUA and EUA non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer guidelines. A common complication of this treatment is eosinophilic cystitis. Symptoms range from mild urinary frequency and urgency to debilitating pain and dysuria. Currently, there is no established treatment algorithm for MMC-induced cystitis. Methods: Members of the Urologic Surgery Quality Collaborative (USQC), a group composed of over 160 private and academic urologists, met to discuss the management of patients with cystitis following MMC therapy. They devised a treatment algorithm based on experiences of urologic oncologists and neurourologists to aid in the diagnosis and management of MMC-induced cystitis. Results: The assessment begins with urinalysis and culture, followed by cystoscopy. For mild symptoms, behavioral therapy, including timed voids, fluid restriction and Kegel exercises are trialed. If symptoms have not resolved, treatment with an antihistamine, followed by a combination of anticholinergic and alpha-blocker medications. For persistent symptoms or severe symptoms at presentation, a course of prednisone plus antihistamine is prescribed. If symptoms are improving but have not resolved, this treatment is extended for a full 4 weeks prior to steroid taper. If symptoms do not improve, any visible bladder ulcerations are resected intraoperatively followed by an additional course of prednisone and antihistamine. Intravesical DMSO instillations and intra-ulcer steroid injection can be used as a final effort to treat this condition. Conclusion: We present the first formal management algorithm with escalating treatment intensity tailored to patient symptoms.
Single Arm Phase I/II Study of Everolimus and Intravesical Gemcitabine in Patients with Primary or Secondary Carcinoma In Situ of the Bladder who failed Bacillus Calmette Guerin (NCT01259063)
Authors: Dalbagni Guido , Benfante Nicole , Sjoberg Daniel D. , Bochner Bernard H. , Machele Donat S. , Herr Harry W. , Mc Coy Asia S. , Fahrner Alicia J. , Retinger Caitlyn , Rosenberg Jonathan E. , Bajorin Dean F. 
Published: April 2017

Background: Standard treatment for BCG-refractory urothelial cancer is radical cystectomy. Identification of active agents is clearly warranted. Objective: To determine a safe dose of oral everolimus in combination with standard intravesical gemcitabine and to evaluate the efficacy of this combination. Methods: Patients with carcinoma in situ refractory to intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin and refusing cystectomy were eligible. Patients in the phase I part of the trial received one of three dose levels of oral everolimus. Patients also received a fixed dose of intravesical gemcitabine. Maintenance everolimus was given for 12 months in patients achieving a complete response confirmed by cystoscopy and cytology. Patients in phase II received continuous everolimus administered at 10 mg daily with intravesical gemcitabine followed by everolimus maintenance for 12 months of total therapy. The enrollment goal for the phase II was 33 patients. Results: 14 patients were enrolled in phase I of the trial. 23 patients were enrolled in phase II of the trial and 19 were evaluable for primary and secondary endpoints. Four patients withdrew consent prior to treatment initiation. Of the 19 patients evaluable for response, 3 (16%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3% – 40%) were disease free at 1 yr. The probability of RFS was 20% (95% CI 5% – 42%) at 12 months. Ten patients out of 19 had grade 3 or greater toxicity events. Seven withdrew consent or were taken off study. Conclusions: Many patients withdrew, and enrollment was halted. Continuous oral everolimus plus intravesical gemcitabine was not well tolerated in this patient population where the threshold for tolerability is low.
Individual utilisation thresholds and exploring how GPs’ knowledge of their patients affects diagnosis: a qualitative study in primary care
Authors: Michiels-Corsten Matthias , Bösner Stefan , Donner-Banzhoff Norbert 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundOne of the tenets of general practice is that continuity of care has a beneficial effect on patient care. However, little is known about how continuity can have an impact on the diagnostic reasoning of GPs.AimTo explore GPs’ diagnostic strategies by examining GPs’ reflections on their patients’ individual thresholds for seeking medical attention, how they arrive at their estimations, and which conclusions they draw.Design and settingQualitative study with 12 GPs in urban and rural practices in Germany.MethodAfter each patient consultation GPs were asked to reflect on their diagnostic reasoning for that particular case. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of consultations and interview content were undertaken.ResultsA total of 295 primary care consultations were recorded, 134 of which contained at least one diagnostic episode. When elaborating on known patients, GPs frequently commented on how ‘early’ or ‘late’ in an illness progression a patient tended to consult. The probability of serious disease was accordingly regarded as high or low. This influenced GPs’ behaviour regarding further investigations or referrals, as well as reassurance and watchful waiting. GPs’ explanations for a patient’s utilisation threshold comprised medical history, the patient’s characteristics, family background, the media, and external circumstances.ConclusionThe concept of an individual threshold for the utilisation of primary care would explain how GPs use their knowledge of individual patients and their previous help-seeking behaviour for their diagnostic decision making. Whether the assumption behind this concept is valid, and whether its use improves diagnostic accuracy, remains to be investigated.
De la scientificité de la psychiatrie francophone. Unité linguistique et continuité historique des représentations de la santé mentale au Québec entre 1948 et 1960
Authors: Klein Alexandre 
Published: April 2017

Contre une tradition historiographique qui sépare les psychiatries québécoises anglophone et francophone pour mieux affirmer le retard scientifique et thérapeutique de cette dernière, cet article s’attache à démontrer la scientificité des recherches psychiatriques francophones dans le Québec des années 1950. Pour ce faire, il analyse un corpus d’articles de psychiatres québécois francophones publiés dans différentes revues médicales canadiennes entre 1948 et 1960, afin de mettre en lumière la continuité et l’unité de l’histoire de la santé mentale dans cette province canadienne.