bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depletion of tyrosyl‐DNA phosphodiesterase 1α (MtTdp1α) affects transposon expression in Medicago truncatula
Authors: Sabatini Maria Elisa , Donà Mattia , Leonetti Paola , Minio Andrea , Delledonne Massimo , Carboneral Daniela , Confalonieri Massimo , Giraffa Giorgio , Balestrazzi Alma 
Published: December 2015

SummaryThe role of plant tyrosyl‐DNA phosphodiesterase 1α in genome stability is studied using a Medicago truncatula MtTdp1α‐depleted line. Lack of MtTdp1α results in a 39% reduction of methylated cytosines as compared to control. RNA‐Seq analyses revealed that 11 DNA transposons and 22 retrotransposons were differentially expressed in the Tdp1α‐2a line. Among them all, DNA transposons (MuDR, hAT, DNA3‐11_Mad) and seven retrotransposons (LTR (Long Terminal Repeat)/Gipsy, LTR/Copia, LTR and NonLTR/L1) were down‐regulated, while the 15 retrotransposons were up‐regulated. Results suggest that the occurrence of stress‐responsive cis‐elements as well as changes in the methylation pattern at the LTR promoters might be responsible for the enhanced retrotransposon transcription.
Shifting Nicotiana attenuata's diurnal rhythm does not alter its resistance to the specialist herbivore Manduca sexta
Authors: Herden Jasmin , Meldau Stefan , Kim Sang‐Gyu , Kunert Grit , Joo Youngsung , Baldwin Ian T. , Schuman Meredith C. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractArabidopsis thaliana plants are less resistant to attack by the generalist lepidopteran herbivore Trichoplusia ni when plants and herbivores are entrained to opposite, versus identical diurnal cycles and tested under constant conditions. This effect is associated with circadian fluctuations in levels of jasmonic acid, the transcription factor MYC2, and glucosinolate contents in leaves. We tested whether a similar effect could be observed in a different plant–herbivore system: the wild tobacco Nicotiana attenuata and its co‐evolved specialist herbivore, Manduca sexta. We measured larval growth on plants under both constant and diurnal conditions following identical or opposite entrainment, profiled the metabolome of attacked leaf tissue, quantified specific metabolites known to reduce M. sexta growth, and monitored M. sexta feeding activity under all experimental conditions. Entrainment did not consistently affect M. sexta growth or plant defense induction. However, both were reduced under constant dark conditions, as was M. sexta feeding activity. Our data indicate that the response induced by M. sexta in N. attenuata is robust to diurnal cues and independent of plant or herbivore entrainment. We propose that while the patterns of constitutive or general damage‐induced defense may undergo circadian fluctuation, the orchestration of specific induced responses is more complex.
Electrochemical loading of TEM grids used for the study of potential dependent morphology of polyaniline nanofibres
Authors: BHADU GOPALA RAM , PAUL ANIRBAN , PERWEEN MOSARRAT , GUPTA RAJEEV , CHAUDHARI JAYESH C. , SRIVASTAVA DIVESH N. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryAn electrochemical method for loading electroactive materials over the TEM grid is reported. The protocol has been demonstrated using polyaniline as an example. The electroactive polymer was directly deposited over the Au TEM grid, used as working electrode in a 3 electrode electrochemical cell. The undisturbed as‐deposited morphologies under the influence of various counter ions and ex situ electrochemical states have been studied and compared. Contrary to behaviour in bulk the individual polyaniline fibre was found thinner at anodic potentials. The movement of counter ions as a function of the electrochemical state of the polymer was studied using STEM‐EDX elemental mapping.
Quantitative characterization of chitosan in the skin by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopic imaging and ninhydrin assay: application in transdermal sciences
Authors: NAWAZ A. , WONG T.W. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryThe chitosan has been used as the primary excipient in transdermal particulate dosage form design. Its distribution pattern across the epidermis and dermis is not easily accessible through chemical assay and limited to radiolabelled molecules via quantitative autoradiography. This study explored Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy imaging technique with built‐in microscope as the means to examine chitosan molecular distribution over epidermis and dermis with the aid of histology operation. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy skin imaging was conducted using chitosan of varying molecular weights, deacetylation degrees, particle sizes and zeta potentials, obtained via microwave ligation of polymer chains at solution state. Both skin permeation and retention characteristics of chitosan increased with the use of smaller chitosan molecules with reduced acetyl content and size, and increased positive charge density. The ratio of epidermal to dermal chitosan content decreased with the use of these chitosan molecules as their accumulation in dermis (3.90% to 18.22%) was raised to a greater extent than epidermis (0.62% to 1.92%). A larger dermal chitosan accumulation nonetheless did not promote the transdermal polymer passage more than the epidermal chitosan. A small increase in epidermal chitosan content apparently could fluidize the stratum corneum and was more essential to dictate molecular permeation into dermis and systemic circulation. The histology technique aided Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy imaging approach introduces a new dimension to the mechanistic aspect of chitosan in transdermal delivery.
Evaluation of the severity and triggering factors of sensitive scalp in Chinese females
Authors: Ma Li , Guichard Alexandre , Humbert Philippe , Zheng Shuli , Tan Yimei , Yu Lingling , Qin Ou , Wang Xuemin 
Published: December 2015

SummaryBackgroundSensitive scalp which has been recently proposed and assessed by several questionnaires is one of the most cosmetic concerns in sensitive skin syndrome by consumers.ObjectiveThis study is to investigate the prevalence and factors related to the scalp sensitivity in China.MethodsTwo well‐known questionnaires including four‐grade self‐assessment and 3S, and a new questionnaire we proposed (10Q), were used to evaluate the severity and symptoms of sensitive scalp.ResultsThe proportions of sensitive scalp according to self‐assessment and 3S were 35.77% and 57.45%, respectively. Distributions of severity and tendency of proportion along ages were significantly different between the two methods. The 10Q questionnaire which we designed could discriminate different grade of severity of sensitive scalp with superior reliability. Moreover, triggering factors which have significant impacts on the symptoms of sensitive scalp were elucidated by logistic regression analysis, including air dryness, exercises, humidity, heat, and sun.ConclusionQuestionnaires with more dimensions and details such as 10Q and 3S should be used for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment monitoring on sensitive scalp in Chinese female.
Annual report of the Women's Health Care Committee, Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2015
Authors: Wakatsuki Akihiko , Takamatsu Kiyoshi 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe activity of the Women's Health Care Committee over a two year period up to June 2015 focused upon: (i) management of breast diseases in obstetrics and gynecology; (ii) investigation of lifestyle‐related disease and bone mineral density after gynecologic cancer therapy; (iii) postoperative women's health care; (iv) current surgical treatment for pelvic organ prolapse among gynecologists in Japan; (v) cesarean indication for pregnant women with active/inactive genital viral lesions; (vi) health care of young female athletes concerned about menstrual cycle abnormalities, stress fractures and premenstrual syndrome/premenstrual dysphoric disorder; (vii) a training program for women's health care advisers; and (viii) a new edition of the oral contraceptive and low‐dose estrogen‐progestogen guideline. Detailed activities of the eight subcommittees are described in the text.
Frequency and related factors of tubal patency after methotrexate treatment in women with ectopic pregnancy
Authors: Seyedoshohadaei Fariba , Mohammadbeigi Robabeh , Tahmuri Atefe , Ghaderi Ebrahim 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAimEctopic pregnancy is a medical emergency. The classic treatment for this condition is surgery but early diagnosis allows for non‐surgical treatment. In recent years, intramuscular methotrexate has been considered, due to easy administration, its less invasive nature and low complications, but there are arguments about its effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate tubal patency after treatment of ectopic pregnancy with methotrexate and related factors.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted on 80 women with ectopic pregnancy who were admitted to Sanandaj Be'sat Hospital in 2014. Patients who had successful treatment for ectopic pregnancy with single or multiple doses of methotrexate 50 mL/m2 were enrolled. Three to 6 months after treatment, the patients were evaluated for tubal patency by hysterosalpingography. Data were analyzed using spss, t‐tests, χ2‐test and logistic regression.ResultsThe tubal patency rate after treatment of ectopic pregnancy with methotrexate was 75% in hysterosalpingography. The average size of the ectopic pregnancy mass of women with open fallopian tubes was 22.5 ± 7.0 mm and for women with closed fallopian tubes it was 34.7 ± 10.0 mm (P = 0.0001). β‐human chorionic gonadotropin levels were 642.1 ± 850.5 in women with open fallopian tubes and 3816.3 ± 4487.3 for women with closed fallopian tubes (P = 0.0001). There was no significant correlation statistically between tubal patency with a history of stillbirth and number of pregnancies (P > 0.5). There was a statistically significant relation between tubal patency and the number of births and also methotrexate dose (P < 0.05).ConclusionTreatment of ectopic pregnancy with methotrexate is effective for saving tubal patency. Levels of human chorionic gonadotrophin‐β < 1745, the treatment regimen of methotrexate (single or multiple doses) and ectopic pregnancy mass size smaller than 33.5 mm are significant predictors of tubal patency.
Arteriovenous malformation of vein of Galen as a rare non‐hypoxic cause of changes in fetal heart rate pattern during labor
Authors: Biringer Kamil , Zubor Pavol , Kudela Erik , Kolarovszki Branislav , Zibolen Mirko , Danko Jan 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe aim of this case report is to describe a rare non‐hypoxic cause of pathological changes in fetal heart rate pattern during labor, and to determine management, including a description of important prenatal aspects when pathologic cardiotocographic recording is performed during labor. A fetus with rare arteriovenous malformation of the vein of Galen, which represents less than 1% of all intracranial arteriovenous malformations, was monitored by intrapartum external cardiotocography in the 37 + 5 gestational week. The baby was born by cesarean section because of signs of imminent intrauterine hypoxia on cardiotocography. However, metabolic acidosis was not confirmed in umbilical cord blood sampling. Despite intensive neonatal care management, the newborn died 31 h after delivery because of progressive cardiac decompensation, hypotension and multi‐organ failure. Precise diagnosis of the abovementioned pathology, a pre‐labor plan for delivery and postnatal prognosis assessment can significantly contribute to the avoidance of a misdiagnosis of fetal hypoxia and unnecessary operative delivery with marked medico‐legal consequences.
Pastoral Power and Governmentality: From Therapy to Self Help
Authors: Mutch Alistair 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAn examination of the practice of self‐examination in Scottish Presbyterianism shows the value of following the later Foucault in the examination of religion as a social practice. His attention to the influence of pastoral power on governmentality is shown to have been embedded in a Roman Catholic heritage leading to a stress on the confessional. By contrast, an examination of one aspect of Protestant pastoral power indicates the genealogy of practices of self‐help. An historical examination of both the structure of the Scottish church and the diaries of believers indicates the emphasis placed in this tradition on accountability. It also points to the need to reassess Foucault's treatment of Seneca, whose place in the Christian tradition, as exemplified by the Scottish experience, was more important than Foucault allows.
Central Hypothyroidism in Miniature Schnauzers
Authors: Voorbij Annemarie M.W.Y. , Leegwater Peter A.J. , Buijtels Jenny J.C.W.M. , Daminet Sylvie , Kooistra Hans S. 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundPrimary hypothyroidism is a common endocrinopathy in dogs. In contrast, central hypothyroidism is rare in this species.ObjectivesThe objective of this article is to describe the occurrence and clinical presentation of central hypothyroidism in Miniature Schnauzers. Additionally, the possible role of the thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH)‐releasing hormone receptor (TRHR) gene and theTSHβ (TSHB) gene was investigated.AnimalsMiniature Schnauzers with proven central hypothyroidism, based on scintigraphy, and the results of a 3‐day‐TSH‐stimulation test, or aTSH‐releasing hormone (TRH)‐stimulation test or both, presented to the Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals at Utrecht University or the Department of Medicine and Clinical Biology of Small Animals at Ghent University from 2008 to 2012.MethodsRetrospective study. Pituitary function tests, thyroid scintigraphy, and computed tomography (CT) of the pituitary area were performed. Gene fragments of affected dogs and controls were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Subsequently, the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequences of the products were analyzed.ResultsCentral hypothyroidism was diagnosed in 7 Miniature Schnauzers. Three dogs had disproportionate dwarfism and at least one of them had a combined deficiency ofTSHand prolactin. No disease‐causing mutations were found in theTSHBgene and the exons of theTRHRgene of these Schnauzers.Conclusions and clinical importanceCentral hypothyroidism could be underdiagnosed in Miniature Schnauzers with hypothyroidism, especially in those of normal stature. The fact that this rare disorder occurred in 7 dogs from the same breed suggests that central hypothyroidism could have a genetic background in Miniature Schnauzers.
Contributions from Christian ethics and Buddhist philosophy to the management of compassion fatigue in nurses
Authors: Pembroke Neil 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe aim in the article is to demonstrate how insights from Christian ethics and Buddhist philosophy can make contributions to the management of compassion fatigue. There are already helpful resources available that provide principles, tips, and practical guidelines for self‐care. The approach here is centered on attitudinal, ethical, and philosophical issues. From the Christian tradition, the ethical principle of “equal regard” is employed. Equal regard is the notion that agape (disinterested, universal love) requires of a people that they love others neither more nor less than they love themselves. When the ethical principle that a nurse operates out of in her everyday life is self‐sacrifice, self‐care is much less likely to be set as a personal priority. From the Buddhist tradition, the principle of compassion with equanimity is engaged. The Buddhist ideal is opening oneself to the pain of the other while maintaining calmness or stillness of mind. It is contended that inculcation of this skill means that a nurse can be exposed to suffering without running down their store of compassion.
Impact of food labelling systems on food choices and eating behaviours: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized studies
Authors: Cecchini M. , Warin L. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryFood labels are considered a crucial component of strategies tackling unhealthy diets and obesity. This study aims at assessing the effectiveness of food labelling in increasing the selection of healthier products and in reducing calorie intake. In addition, this study compares the relative effectiveness of traffic light schemes, Guideline Daily Amount and other food labelling schemes. A comprehensive set of databases were searched to identify randomized studies. Studies reporting homogeneous outcomes were pooled together and analysed through meta‐analyses. Publication bias was evaluated with a funnel plot. Food labelling would increase the amount of people selecting a healthier food product by about 17.95% (confidence interval: +11.24% to +24.66%). Food labelling would also decrease calorie intake/choice by about 3.59% (confidence interval: −8.90% to +1.72%), but results are not statistically significant. Traffic light schemes are marginally more effective in increasing the selection of healthier options. Other food labels and Guideline Daily Amount follow. The available evidence did not allow studying the effects of single labelling schemes on calorie intake/choice. Findings of this study suggest that nutrition labelling may be an effective approach to empowering consumers in choosing healthier products. Interpretive labels, as traffic light labels, may be more effective.
Outlook of energy demand from the transport sector inIndia
Authors: Pal Sarbojit , Singh Siddharth , Wilson Sangeetha Ann , Joshi Madhura 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIndia's transport sector has been growing faster than itsGDP, contributing to rising energy demand from the sector. This, coupled with limited domestic production, has led to a rising import dependence of crude oil in particular, which stood at 83.4 per cent in 2013–14. In order to enhanceIndia's energy security and manage demand from the sector, this paper analyses the factors influencing transport activity and the resulting energy demand from the transport sector. The paper also outlines a range of possible scenarios for transport sector demand inIndia till 2030–31 along with the potential energy use under these scenarios.
A new method for estimating locomotion type in large ground birds
Authors: Angst Delphine , Buffetaut Eric , Lecuyer Christophe , Amiot Romain 
Published: December 2015

AbstractEstimating the locomotion type of fossil ground birds is necessary for a better understanding of their ecology. Until now, only one method has allowed us to estimate the locomotion of fossil ground birds, but its application is complicated in the majority of fossil cases because it requires data from the three bones from the same hindlimb of one individual. Here, we propose a new method using only the maximum length and minimum width of the tarsometatarsus to estimate the locomotion of these fossil birds. This method is easy to apply and better distinguishes the intermediate cases between graviportal (walking) and cursorial (running) birds. This study shows that the species of large ground birds of the families Gastornithidae and Brontornithidae were all graviportal, probably because of their large body mass. More unexpectedly, it also shows that some Phorusrhacidae (e.g. Paraphysornis), usually described as cursorial birds, were in fact graviportal, probably because of their considerable body mass. All these new data about locomotion provide a better understanding of the ecology of fossil ground birds.
Believing in Perceiving: Known Illusions and the Classical Dual‐Component Theory
Authors: Quilty‐Dunn Jake 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAccording to a classic but nowadays discarded philosophical theory, perceptual experience is a complex of nonconceptual sensory states and full‐blown propositional beliefs. This classicaldual‐component theoryof experience is often taken to be obsolete. In particular, there seem to be cases in which perceptual experience and belief conflict: cases ofknown illusions, wherein subjects have beliefs contrary to the contents of their experiences. Modern dual‐component theories reject the belief requirement and instead hold that perceptual experience is a complex of nonconceptual sensory states and some other sort of conceptual state. The most popular modern dual‐component theory appeals tosui generispropositional attitudes called ‘perceptual seemings’. This article argues that the classical dual‐component theory has the resources to explain known illusions without giving up the claim that the conceptual components of experience are beliefs. The classical dual‐component view, though often viewed as outdated and implausible, should be regarded as a serious contender in contemporary debates about the nature of perceptual experience.
Recurrent Staphylococcus aureus abscess and fatal pneumococcal septicemia due to IRAK‐4 deficiency
Authors: Shichijo Koichi , Ogose Takeshi , Kubota Mari , Tomimoto Ayumi , Kondo Rieko , Taniguchi Takako , Takahashi Akiyoshi , Nakatsu Tadanori , Urano Yoshio , Watanabe Tsutomu 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWe describe the case of an infant with recurrent episodes of staphylococcal skin abscess and subsequent lethal pneumococcal meningitis/septicemia due to interleukin‐1 receptor‐associated kinase 4 (IRAK‐4) deficiency. In this case, systemic signs of inflammatory response were poor and delayed. Among all other reported cases of IRAK‐4 deficiency, none involved severe viral or fungal disease, and the range of infecting bacteria was narrow.
Cue‐locked lateralized components in a tactile spatial attention task: Evidence for a functional dissociation between ADAN and LSN
Authors: Gherri Elena , Gooray Elena , Forster Bettina 
Published: December 2015

AbstractERP studies investigating the control processes responsible for spatial orienting in touch have consistently observed that the anterior directing attention negativity (ADAN) elicited by an attention‐directing cue is followed by a sustained negativity contralateral to the cued hand. Recent evidence suggested that the later negativity, labeled late somatotopic negativity (LSN), might reflect distinct neurocognitive processes from those associated with the ADAN. To investigate the functional meaning of the ADAN and LSN components, we measured ERPs elicited by bilateral tactile cues indicating to covertly shift tactile attention to the left or right hand. Participants performed two spatial attention tasks that differed only for the difficulty of the target/nontarget discrimination at attended locations. The LSN but not the ADAN was sensitive to our experimental manipulation of task difficulty, suggesting that this component might reflect sensory‐specific preparatory processes prior to a forthcoming tactile stimulus.
What Kinds of Places Attract and Sustain Amish Populations?
Authors: Anderson Cory , Kenda Loren 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe Amish are one of the fastest growing ethnoreligious groups in rural America. They are not only growing in historic settlements but are also starting new settlements. This study synthesizes and tests hypotheses about Amish migration destinations and settlement sustainability. Specifically, hypotheses address factors related to population, agriculture, and proximity to other Amish. Findings suggest that the locations Amish settle have several defining characteristics including: low population density, nonmetropolitan county designation, context conducive to small‐scale farming (e.g., low farm acreage price, moderately rolling hills), vicinity to a small commercial center, low to negative population growth, and proximity to an existing Amish settlement. Some characteristics are showing increasing flexibility, such as a small‐scale farming context and proximity to a commercial center. Conversely, settling in areas with a growing population or at a distance from another Amish settlement contributes to a higher likelihood of community dissolution.