bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autostability spectra for decidable structures
Authors: BAZHENOV NIKOLAY 
Published: October 2016

We study autostability spectra relative to strong constructivizations (SC-autostability spectra). For a decidable structure$\mathcal{S}$, the SC-autostability spectrum of$\mathcal{S}$is the set of all Turing degrees capable of computing isomorphisms among arbitrary decidable copies of$\mathcal{S}$. The degree of SC-autostability for$\mathcal{S}$is the least degree in the spectrum (if such a degree exists).We prove that for a computable successor ordinal α, every Turing degree c.e. in and above0(α)is the degree of SC-autostability for some decidable structure. We show that for an infinite computable ordinal β, every Turing degree c.e. in and above0(2β+1)is the degree of SC-autostability for some discrete linear order. We prove that the set of all PA-degrees is an SC-autostability spectrum. We also obtain similar results for autostability spectra relative ton-constructivizations.
The lost song of Germanic epic
Authors: HAINES JOHN 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTDespite the lack of notated evidence, something can be recovered of the lost song of medieval epic, a foundational musical tradition in late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Like the chant of the Christian Church, epic has come down to us in a distinctively Carolingian framing. Given the close relationship between liturgical recitation and epic song throughout late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, as well as Charlemagne's own active role in the codification of both Frankish epic and Roman chant, it is possible, as I suggest in conclusion, that these two repertoires resembled each other in significant ways.
Stability and change in the composition of a ‘Plague Mass’ in the wake of the Black Death
Authors: MACKLIN CHRISTOPHER 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTIn the mid-fourteenth century the Black Death inflicted one of the most devastating losses of life in human history. This was met by exercises of collective piety such as the singing of psalms and the celebration of special votive masses, which encouraged social cohesion in the face of the tragedy. This article presents results from an analysis of fifty-seven manuscripts containing copies of the monophonic ‘Recordare domine’ Mass, reportedly created at the behest of Clement VI at Avignon during his Black Death-spanning pontificate. Of these, seven manuscripts contain fully notated renditions of each of the chants for the Mass Propers, enabling us to decouple questions concerning the organisation and transmission of the melodies from those of the texts set to them. When the different versions of the Mass are compared, two major findings emerge. First, differential patterns of consistency within the texts and melodies suggest that the texts of the ‘Recordare domine’ Mass may have circulated separately from the melodies set to them, with the choice of music left to the discretion of the local performing clergy. Second, the patterns of variation between different versions of the Proper texts and melodies allow us to see how a variety of composition strategies (including mnemonic processes) were used to create new music for the mass. The ‘Recordare domine’ Mass thus sheds light not only on the performance of organised sacred music at a pivotal point in European history, but also more generally on the processes of chant composition as a tool for use in response to social stress.
A medieval patchwork song: poetry, prayer and music in a thirteenth-century conductus
Authors: CALDWELL MARY CHANNEN 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTEight times a day, the prayerDeus in adiutorium meum intendesounded from the lips of the faithful as the standard introduction to the Office Hours. Infiltrating daily life through the liturgy and popular interjections, the psalm verseDeus in adiutoriumserved a devotional function marked by versatility and popularity. Yet, despite its omnipresence, as well as its inherently vocalic identity, the verse was only rarely troped musically or poetically. A collection of thirteenth-century monophonic and polyphonic tropes of the verse circulating in France in motet collections and festive offices represents one of the few moments of heightened musical interest in the prayer. This article draws attention, for the first time, to the musical and textual connection between these tropes andPater creator omnium, a thirteenth-century refrain song. This monophonic song from France also belongs firmly to the medieval cento genre, with both its musical and textual construction based on the piecing together of borrowed text and music – includingDeus in adiutorium. This article argues thatPater creator omniumstands at the intersection of two important yet understudied histories: the musical and textual troping ofDeus in adiutoriumand the medieval cento. Analysis of this song ultimately illustrates the creative processes behind the making of a pre-modern song.
The Open Museum and its Enemies: An Essay in the Philosophy of Museums
Authors: Taliaferro Charles 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBorrowing from the title and some of the content of Karl Popper's The Open Society and its Enemies (1945), it is argued that museums have great value as sites for what may be called a philosophical culture. A philosophical culture is one in which members or citizens engage in (ideally) fair-minded debate and shared reflection, presenting and evaluating reasons for different positions particularly as these have relevance for matters of governance. In a philosophical culture, persuasion is almost always a matter of seeking to provide reasonable grounds for adopting some position without resorting to violence or physical force (though, of course, force may be necessary to constrain those who themselves resort to violence).A philosophical culture is, in turn, an important foundation for a democratic culture and republic. A philosophy of museums emerges, a model we shall call the Philosophical Culture Museum Model. This concept is stipulative and ideal in the sense that it presents a paradigm of a museum with great virtue and promise. It must be confessed, however, that, historically, this is an emerging concept of the role of museums and one not evident in many of the museums in the early modern era or today. Reasons are offered as to why the time may be right to recognize the philosophy of museums as a particular sub-field in the overall practice of philosophy.
The Museum of Big Ideas
Authors: Gaskell Ivan 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAlthough museums of all kinds continue to proliferate, they have lost the capacity to generate big ideas that characterize epistemic shifts, such as evolution, the labour theory of value, or relativity. They have become mere echo chambers for ideas proposed elsewhere. How might museums regain their capacity to generate big ideas? The development of a Tangible Turn in scholarly thinking is leading to a reinvigoration of knowledge claims derived from material things. Museums are well placed to participate in such a reinvigoration, and in some instances – notably in the natural sciences – already are. Yet to do so they must overcome the taxonomic and systematic divisions that in the nineteenth century stimulated but now inhibit creative thinking. How can disciplinary ossification associated with collection definition be overcome? Two possible models are artists' interventions and arrangement according to philosophical principles, yet neither is sufficient. Curatorial scholars should acknowledge the physical and cultural instability of tangible things, and work with these properties to combine things in revelatory ways, eschewing stable categories. This can be accomplished most effectively in museums associated with universities through collaboration among the scholarly staffs of university collections and with university faculty.
Context and Experiencing the Sacred
Authors: Brown David 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis essay considers how far the original sacred context of a painting or other artefact should be acknowledged in modern galleries and museums. It is argued that such institutions should be concerned with rather more than the fostering of aesthetic experience. An educational role is also important, and this entails that, although nothing should be done to encourage religion, contextualizing painting and artefact will also open up the possibility for concomitant religious experience. Although various formal distinctions are noted, the argument is conducted by means of a large number of specific examples.
Museums, Ethics and Truth: Why Museums' Collecting Policies Must Face up to the Problem of Testimony
Authors: Tonner Philip 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis paper argues that any museum's collecting policy must face up to the problem of vulnerability. Taking as a starting point an item in the collections of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, I argue that the basic responsibility of museums to collect ‘things’, and to communicate information about them in a truthful way brings their collecting practice into the epistemological domain of testimony and into the normative domain of ethics. Museums are public spaces of memory, testimony, representation and interpretation that at once enable humanity to hold to account those who transgress while at the same time holding to account those who witness these transgressions. By virtue of this, museums can be considered spaces of ethics wherein testimonial and hermeneutic injustice can be confronted and challenged.
The Ethics of Trusteeship and the Biography of Objects
Authors: Pantazatos Andreas 
Published: October 2016

AbstractMuseum codes of ethics stress the importance of preservation, knowledge and access, but they remain silent on the justificatory framework of the duty of care museums have to the objects in their collections and on museums' obligations towards their public. In this essay I propose a triangular framework for understanding the duty of care museums have, according to which it is shaped by the need to negotiate an object's transit from past to future in such a way as to secure that object's future significance. The account provided of transit to the future is underwritten by a model of trust as entrusting. Hence, museums' duty to care for the objects in their collections is found to be grounded on the demands of the trust relationship, complemented by the respect that is necessary for effective negotiation of the transit from past to future.
What Do we See in Museums?
Authors: Oddie Graham 
Published: October 2016

AbstractI address two related questions. First: what value is there in visiting a museum and becoming acquainted with the objects on display? For art museums the answer seems obvious: we go to experience valuable works of art, and experiencing valuable works of art is itself valuable. In this paper I focus on non-art museums, and while these may house aesthetically valuable objects, that is not their primary purpose, and at least some of the objects they house might not be particularly aesthetically valuable at all. Second: to what ontologicaltypeorcategorydo museum objects belong? Whattypeof item should be featured on an inventory of a museum collection? I distinguish betweentypicalobjects andspecialobjects. While these are different types of object, both, I argue, areabstracta, notconcreta. The answer to the second question, concerning the ontological category of special objects, throws new light on various philosophical questions about museums and their collections, including the question about the value of museum experiences. But it also throws light on important questions concerning the preservation and restoration of museum objects.
The Participatory Art Museum: Approached from a Philosophical Perspective
Authors: Hegenbart Sarah 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis chapter introduces the participatory art museum and discusses some of the challenges it raises for philosophical aesthetics. Although participatory art is now an essential part of museological programming, an aesthetic account of participatory art is still missing. The chapter argues that much could be gained from exploring participatory art, as it raises fundamental challenges to our understanding of issues in aesthetics, such as the nature of aesthetic experience, the value of art, and the role of the spectator. Moreover, participatory art fundamentally questions the status of the museum as an exhibition space for contemporary art practices.
Logic Programming with Graph Automorphism: Integratingnautywith Prolog (Tool Description)
Authors: FRANK MICHAEL , CODISH MICHAEL 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis paper presents thepl-nautylibrary, a Prolog interface to thenautygraph-automorphism tool. Adding the capabilities ofnautyto Prolog combines the strength of the “generate and prune” approach that is commonly used in logic programming and constraint solving, with the ability to reduce symmetries while reasoning over graph objects. Moreover, it enables the integration ofnautyin existing tool-chains, such as SAT-solvers or finite domain constraints compilers which exist for Prolog. The implementation consists of two components:pl-nauty, an interface connectingnauty's C library with Prolog, andpl-gtools, a Prolog framework integrating the software component ofnauty, calledgtools, with Prolog. The complete tool is available as a SWI-Prolog module. We provide a series of usage examples including two that apply to generate Ramsey graphs.
On the Implementation of an Or-Parallel Prolog System for Clusters of Multicores
Authors: SANTOS JÕAO , ROCHA RICARDO 
Published: October 2016

AbstractNowadays, clusters of multicores are becoming the norm and, although, many or-parallel Prolog systems have been developed in the past, to the best of our knowledge, none of them was specially designed to explore the combination of shared and distributed memory architectures. In recent work, we have proposed a novel computational model specially designed for such combination which introduces a layered model with two scheduling levels, one for workers sharing memory resources, which we named a team of workers, and another for teams of workers (not sharing memory resources). In this work, we present a first implementation of such model and for that we revive and extend the YapOr system to exploit or-parallelism between teams of workers. We also propose a new set of built-in predicates that constitute the syntax to interact with an or-parallel engine in our platform. Experimental results show that our implementation is able to increase speedups as we increase the number of workers per team, thus taking advantage of the maximum number of cores in a machine, and to increase speedups as we increase the number of teams, thus taking advantage of adding more computer nodes to a cluster.
Stable models for infinitary formulas with extensional atoms
Authors: HARRISON AMELIA , LIFSCHITZ VLADIMIR 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe definition of stable models for propositional formulas with infinite conjunctions and disjunctions can be used to describe the semantics of answer set programming languages. In this note, we enhance that definition by introducing a distinction between intensional and extensional atoms. The symmetric splitting theorem for first-order formulas is then extended to infinitary formulas and used to reason about infinitary definitions.
Efficient algebraic effect handlers for Prolog
Authors: SALEH AMR HANY , SCHRIJVERS TOM 
Published: October 2016

AbstractRecent work has provideddelimited controlfor Prolog to dynamically manipulate the program control-flow, and to implement a wide range of control-flow and dataflow effects on top of. Unfortunately, delimited control is a rather primitive language feature that is not easy to use.As a remedy, this work introducesalgebraic effect handlersfor Prolog, as a high-level and structured way of defining new side-effects in a modular fashion. We illustrate the expressive power of the feature and provide an implementation by means of elaboration into the delimited control primitives.The latter add a non-negligible performance overhead when used extensively. To address this issue, we present an optimised compilation approach that combines partial evaluation with dedicated rewrite rules. The rewrite rules are driven by a lightweight effect inference that analyses what effect operations may be called by a goal. We illustrate the effectiveness of this approach on a range of benchmarks.
Stable-unstable semantics: Beyond NP with normal logic programs
Authors: BOGAERTS BART , JANHUNEN TOMI , TASHARROFI SHAHAB 
Published: October 2016

AbstractStandard answer set programming (ASP) targets at solving search problems from the first level of the polynomial time hierarchy (PH). Tackling search problems beyond NP using ASP is less straightforward. The class of disjunctive logic programs offers the most prominent way of reaching the second level of the PH, but encoding respective hard problems as disjunctive programs typically requires sophisticated techniques such as saturation or meta-interpretation. The application of such techniques easily leads to encodings that are inaccessible to non-experts. Furthermore, while disjunctive ASP solvers often rely on calls to a (co-)NP oracle, it may be difficult to detect from the input program where the oracle is being accessed. In other formalisms, such as Quantified Boolean Formulas (QBFs), the interface to the underlying oracle is more transparent as it is explicitly recorded in the quantifier prefix of a formula. On the other hand, ASP has advantages over QBFs from the modeling perspective. The rich high-level languages such as ASP-Core-2 offer a wide variety of primitives that enable concise and natural encodings of search problems. In this paper, we present a novel logic programming–based modeling paradigm that combines the best features of ASP and QBFs. We develop so-calledcombined logic programsin which oracles are directly cast as (normal) logic programs themselves. Recursive incarnations of this construction enable logic programming on arbitrarily high levels of the PH. We develop a proof-of-concept implementation for our new paradigm.
Semantic code browsing
Authors: GARCÍA-CONTRERAS ISABEL , MORALES JOSÉ F. , HERMENEGILDO MANUEL V. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractProgrammers currently enjoy access to a very high number of code repositories and libraries of ever increasing size. The ensuing potential for reuse is however hampered by the fact that searching within all this code becomes an increasingly difficult task. Most code search engines are based on syntactic techniques such as signature matching or keyword extraction. However, these techniques are inaccurate (because they basically rely on documentation) and at the same time do not offer very expressive code query languages. We propose a novel approach that focuses on querying for semantic characteristics of code obtained automatically from the code itself. Program units are pre-processed using static analysis techniques, based on abstract interpretation, obtaining safe semantic approximations. A novel, assertion-based code query language is used to express desired semantic characteristics of the code as partial specifications. Relevant code is found by comparing such partial specifications with the inferred semantics for program elements. Our approach is fully automatic and does not rely on user annotations or documentation. It is more powerful and flexible than signature matching because it is parametric on the abstract domain and properties, and does not require type definitions. Also, it reasons with relations between properties, such as implication and abstraction, rather than just equality. It is also more resilient to syntactic code differences. We describe the approach and report on a prototype implementation within the Ciao system.
First-order modular logic programs and their conservative extensions
Authors: HARRISON AMELIA , LIERLER YULIYA 
Published: October 2016

AbstractModular logic programs provide a way of viewing logic programs as consisting of many independent, meaningful modules. This paper introduces first-order modular logic programs, which can capture the meaning of many answer set programs. We also introduce conservative extensions of such programs. This concept helps to identify strong relationships between modular programs as well as between traditional programs. We show how the notion of a conservative extension can be used to justify the common projection rewriting.
Justifications for programs with disjunctive and causal-choice rules
Authors: CABALAR PEDRO , FANDINNO JORGE 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we study an extension of the stable model semantics for disjunctive logic programs where each true atom in a model is associated with an algebraic expression (in terms of rule labels) that represents its justifications. As in our previous work for non-disjunctive programs, these justifications are obtained in a purely semantic way, by algebraic operations (product, addition and application) on a lattice of causal values. Our new definition extends the concept ofcausal stable modelto disjunctive logic programs and satisfies that each (standard) stable model corresponds to a disjoint class of causal stable models sharing the same truth assignments, but possibly varying the obtained explanations. We provide a pair of illustrative examples showing the behaviour of the new semantics and discuss the need of introducing a new type of rule, which we callcausal-choice. This type of rule intuitively captures the idea of “Amay causeB” and, when causal information is disregarded, amounts to a usual choice rule under the standard stable model semantics.
Query answering in resource-based answer set semantics
Authors: COSTANTINI STEFANIA , FORMISANO ANDREA 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn recent work we defined resource-based answer set semantics, which is an extension to answer set semantics stemming from the study of its relationship with linear logic. In fact, the name of the new semantics comes from the fact that in the linear-logic formulation every literal (including negative ones) were considered as a resource. In this paper, we propose a query-answering procedure reminiscent of Prolog for answer set programs under this extended semantics as an extension of XSB-resolution for logic programs with negation.1We prove formal properties of the proposed procedure. Under consideration for acceptance in TPLP.
Tabling with Sound Answer Subsumption
Authors: VANDENBROUCKE ALEXANDER , PIRÓG MACIEJ , DESOUTER BENOIT , SCHRIJVERS TOM 
Published: October 2016

AbstractTabling is a powerful resolution mechanism for logic programs that captures their least fixed point semantics more faithfully than plain Prolog. In many tabling applications, we are not interested in the set of all answers to a goal, but only require an aggregation of those answers. Several works have studied efficient techniques, such as lattice-based answer subsumption and mode-directed tabling, to do so for various forms of aggregation.While much attention has been paid to expressivity and efficient implementation of the different approaches, soundness has not been considered. This paper shows that the different implementations indeed fail to produce least fixed points for some programs. As a remedy, we provide a formal framework that generalises the existing approaches and we establish a soundness criterion that explains for which programs the approach is sound.