bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the security and usability of dynamic cognitive game CAPTCHAs
Authors: Mohamed Manar , Gao Song , Sachdeva Niharika , Saxena Nitesh , Zhang Chengcui , Kumaraguru Ponnurangam , Van Oorschot Paul C. 
Published: April 2017

Existing CAPTCHA solutions are a major source of user frustration on the Internet today, frequently forcing companies to lose customers and business. Game CAPTCHAs are a promising approach which may make CAPTCHA solving a fun activity for the user. One category of such CAPTCHAs – called Dynamic Cognitive Game (DCG) CAPTCHA – challenges the user to perform a game-like cognitive (or recognition) task interacting with a series of dynamic images. Specifically, it takes the form of many objects floating around within the images, and the user’s task is to match the objects corresponding to specific target(s), and drag/drop them to the target region(s). In this paper, we pursue a comprehensive analysis of DCG CAPTCHAs. We design and implement such CAPTCHAs, and dissect them across four broad but overlapping dimensions: (1) usability, (2) fully automated attacks, (3) human-solving relay attacks, and (4) hybrid attacks that combine the strengths of automated and relay attacks. Our study shows that DCG CAPTCHAs are highly usable, even on mobile devices and offer some resilience to relay attacks, but they are vulnerable to our proposed automated and hybrid attacks.
Manufacturing system design based on axiomatic design: Case of assembly line
Authors: Hager Triki , Wafik Hachicha , Faouzi Masmoudi 
Published: April 2017

Purpose: In this paper, a combined Production Line Design (PLD) process which includes many design aspects is presented, developped and validated.Design/methodology/approach: The PLD process is based on the SADT (Structured Analysis and Design Technique) diagram and the Axiomatic Design (AD) method.Practical implications: For a purpose of validation, this proposed process has been applied in a manufacturing company and it has been validated by simulation.Findings: The results of the validation indicated that the production line designed by this process is outperformed the initial line of the company.Originality/value: Recently, the problems of production line design (PLD) have attracted the attention of many researchers. However, only a few studies have treated the PLD which includes all design aspects. In this work, a combined PLD porcess is presented. It should be noted that the proposed process is simple and effective.
Epidemiological & clinical profile of influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus infections during 2015 epidemic in Rajasthan
Authors: Malhotra Bharti , Singh Ruchi , Sharma Pratibha , Meena Deepa , Gupta Jyoti , Atreya Aditya , Meena B. R. 
Published: April 2017

Background & objectives:
Pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus emerged in 2009 and caused pandemic with high morbidity and mortality in India and worldwide. The number of H1N1-positive cases varied in different years in Rajasthan. The objective of the study was to present the epidemiological profile of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus cases in Rajasthan from January to March 2015.

Methods:
A retrospective descriptive, record-based analysis of suspected and confirmed cases of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus infection in Rajasthan, India, from January to March 2015 was performed. Testing was done as per the Centers for Disease Control guidelines at nine laboratories approved by the Government of Rajasthan. Data were analyzed in terms of demographic characteristics, clinical presentation and outcome.

Results:
Among 18,187 tested cases, 6203 (34.10%) were positive. Death occurred in 378 cases, with six per cent case fatality rate. Maximum number of cases (n=2801) and deaths (n=101) were from Jaipur zone. The highest number of cases, 47.60 per cent (2953/6203) and deaths, 52.11 per cent (197/378) were in the age group of 26-50 yr; 52.64 per cent (199/378) of deaths occurred in females. The highest number (63.5%) of deaths was from urban areas. Associated risk factors were observed in 59.44 per cent of the death cases, pregnancy being the predominant predisposing factor. In 61.92 per cent of patients, death occurred within three days of hospitalization.

Interpretation & conclusions:
H1N1 epidemic caused high morbidity and mortality in early 2015, particularly in the younger and middle-aged population and pregnant women in Rajasthan State of India. The study highlights the regular surveillance of influenza like illness, early diagnosis and timely initiation of therapy in suspected cases.
Fraguar la memoria. Dos obras de Diener & Diener Architekten en Berlín
Authors: Garcia Odiaga Iñigo , Begiristain Mitxelena Iñaki 
Published: April 2017

<p>El rasgo más distintivo del hormigón como es su capacidad para pasar de estado líquido a pétreo durante el fraguado. Esto implica moldear, contener el hormigón fluido. Es ahí donde el hormigón se vuelve dependiente de su molde, de la forma, de la textura y también en parte de la historia de éste. Ante dos actuaciones en Berlín, una ciudad con una convulsa historia, los arquitectos Diener &amp; Diener, plantean sendos edificios, en los que el hormigón se convierte en la clave para enlazar la arquitectura con la memoria, la identidad y la historia del lugar, desde una visión contemporánea que mira al futuro.</p>
Do the Israeli Provident Funds have the Ability to Time the Bond and Stock Markets? An Analysis across Alternative Investments
Authors: Arbaa Ofer , Varon Eva 
Published: April 2017

This paper investigates whether Israeli fund managers possess market-timing ability across asset classes over time, using 15 years of monthly data from the Israeli provident funds. We apply three methodologies based on return based and portfolio holdings approaches. Most of the early return-based timing methods and the most recent portfolio holdings measures suggest that U.S. mutual fund managers do not possess equity timing ability. Our study is the first to test this evidence on multi- asset class provident funds in the Israeli market and compare the timing ability of fund managers in each asset class according to different approaches. We introduce an alternative holdings method that combine the asset allocation theory with that of market timing and use "excess policy" holdings data to predict future market returns. In addition, previous studies mostly ignore the contribution of other instruments to timing decisions, which may cause any conclusions about managers' timing decisions to be incomplete. Hence, we test equity market timing with respect to all markets using a multiple market index model in the holdings approach. In line with previous research, our empirical results indicate significantly negative market timing in domestic equities according to all the measures used. On the other hand, provident fund managers on average seem to display some timing ability for government bonds.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Statistics and Probability, Vol. 6, No. 3
Authors: Smith Wendy 
Published: April 2017

International Journal of Statistics and Probability wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal is greatly appreciated.Many authors, regardless of whether International Journal of Statistics and Probability publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers.Reviewers for Volume 6, Number 3 Ali Reza Fotouhi, University of the Fraser Valley, CanadaChin-Shang Li, University of California, USADouglas Lorenz, University of Louisville, USAFarida Kachapova, The Auckland University of Technology, New ZealandFelix Almendra-Arao, UPIITA del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, MéxicoGane Samb Lo, University Gaston Berger, SenegalGerardo Febres, Universidad Simón Bolívar, VenezuelaHaiming Zhou, Northern Illinois University, USAHui Zhang, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, USAJacek Białek, University of Lodz, PolandLuiz Ricardo Nakamura, University of Sao Paulo, BrazilMarcelo Bourguignon, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, BrazilMaryam Eskandarzadeh, Persion Gulf Boshehr University, IranNahid Sanjari Farsipour, Alzahra University, IranPhilip Westgate, University of Kentucky, USARebecca Bendayan, University College London, UKSajid Ali, Bocconi University, ItalyShatrunjai Pratap Singh, John Hancock Financial Services, USAShuling Liu, Yale University, USASohair F. Higazi, University of Tanta, EgyptSubhradev Sen, Alliance University, IndiaTomás R. Cotos-Yáñez, University of Vigo, SpainVyacheslav Abramov, Swinburne University of Technology, AustraliaZaixing Li, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), China Wendy SmithOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of International Journal of Statistics and ProbabilityCanadian Center of Science and Education
Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Delayed Hyperphosphatemia in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Patients During Induction Chemotherapy
Authors: Lee Anthony W. , Romanowski Gale L. , Proudfoot James A. , Kuo Dennis J. 
Published: April 2017

OBJECTIVES Vitamin D plays a role in maintaining bone health and calcium metabolism, but recent studies cast doubt on vitamin D supplementation's benefits in survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Vitamin D supplementation could increase serum phosphate through increased intestinal absorption of phosphate and suppression of parathyroid hormone, which would lead to decreased renal phosphate excretion. Because of the potential for renal injury during induction chemotherapy for ALL, Vitamin D supplementation's potential for increasing hyperphosphatemia could outweigh its suggested but unproven benefits.
METHODS To measure the interaction between vitamin D supplementation and phosphate during chemotherapy induction, a retrospective study was done. Demographic data; clinical information about the diagnosis; laboratory data regarding calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D concentrations; and medication histories were reviewed.
RESULTS A retrospective study of 41 children with ALL showed no statistically significant difference in the final phosphate concentrations that were obtained (4.41 mg/dL vs. 4.53 mg/dL, p = 0.635) with regard to their vitamin D supplementation status. Longitudinal effects with vitamin D and phosphate showed a trend toward increasing phosphate concentrations in patients who received supplemental vitamin D (0.035 vs. 0.010 mg/dL per day; p = 0.102).
CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D potentially poses a risk of hyperphosphatemia in children undergoing induction chemotherapy for ALL.
Effects of Maternal Magnesium Sulfate Treatment on Neonatal Feeding Tolerance
Authors: Belden Meghan K. , Gnadt Sarah , Ebert Ann 
Published: April 2017

OBJECTIVE To determine whether antenatal exposure to magnesium sulfate has an effect on neonatal enteral feeding tolerance.
METHODS In this single-center, retrospective, observational study, charts of pregnant women who received intravenous magnesium sulfate infusions prior to delivery between July 1, 2012, and July 31, 2013, were reviewed. Neonates born at 24 weeks' gestational age or greater admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) whose mothers received magnesium sulfate infusions prior to delivery were included. Neonates with independent factors that could lead to feeding intolerance were excluded. The primary outcome was incidence of neonatal enteral feeding intolerance measured by deviations from the NICU feeding protocol. Secondary outcomes included days on parenteral nutrition, incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis, time to first stool, and urine output in the first 72 hours of life.
RESULTS Cumulative maternal magnesium sulfate dose was significantly higher in the enteral feeding intolerance group than those infants who tolerated enteral feeds (70.4 ± 52.3 vs 47.4 ± 40.1 g; p = 0.04). Infants exposed to more than 80 g of maternal magnesium sulfate therapy were more likely to develop enteral feeding intolerance (44% vs 22%; p = 0.04). Multivariate logistic regression indicated that prematurity and cumulative maternal magnesium sulfate dose were the strongest predictors of neonatal enteral feeding intolerance.
CONCLUSIONS Infants of mothers who received more than 80 g of intravenous magnesium sulfate prior to delivery were more likely to develop feeding intolerance. Prematurity also was a significant predictor of intolerance.
Diagnosing phosphorus limitations in natural terrestrial ecosystems in carbon cycle models
Authors: Sun Yan , Peng Shushi , Goll Daniel S. , Ciais Philippe , Guenet Bertrand , Guimberteau Matthieu , Hinsinger Philippe , Janssens Ivan A. , Peñuelas Josep , Piao Shilong , Poulter Benjamin , Violette Aurélie , Yang Xiaojuan , Yin Yi , Zeng Hui 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMost of the Earth System Models (ESMs) project increases in net primary productivity (NPP) and terrestrial carbon (C) storage during the 21st century. Despite empirical evidence that limited availability of phosphorus (P) may limit the response of NPP to increasing atmospheric CO2, none of the ESMs used in the previous Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change assessment accounted for P limitation. We diagnosed from ESM simulations the amount of P need to support increases in carbon uptake by natural ecosystems using two approaches: the demand derived from (1) changes in C stocks and (2) changes in NPP. The C stock‐based additional P demand was estimated to range between −31 and 193 Tg P and between −89 and 262 Tg P for Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 2.6 and RCP8.5, respectively, with negative values indicating a P surplus. The NPP‐based demand, which takes ecosystem P recycling into account, results in a significantly higher P demand of 648–1606 Tg P for RCP2.6 and 924–2110 Tg P for RCP8.5. We found that the P demand is sensitive to the turnover of P in decomposing plant material, explaining the large differences between the NPP‐based demand and C stock‐based demand. The discrepancy between diagnosed P demand and actual P availability (potential P deficit) depends mainly on the assumptions about availability of the different soil P forms. Overall, future P limitation strongly depends on both soil P availability and P recycling on ecosystem scale.
Uncertainty in geocenter estimates in the context of ITRF2014
Authors: Riddell Anna R. , King Matt A. , Watson Christopher S. , Sun Yu , Riva Riccardo E. M. , Rietbroek Roelof 
Published: April 2017

AbstractUncertainty in the geocenter position and its subsequent motion affects positioning estimates on the surface of the Earth and downstream products such as site velocities, particularly the vertical component. The current version of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame, ITRF2014, derives its origin as the long‐term averaged center of mass as sensed by satellite laser ranging (SLR), and by definition, it adopts only linear motion of the origin with uncertainty determined using a white noise process. We compare weekly SLR translations relative to the ITRF2014 origin, with network translations estimated from station displacements from surface mass transport models. We find that the proportion of variance explained in SLR translations by the model‐derived translations is on average less than 10%. Time‐correlated noise and nonlinear rates, particularly evident in the Y and Z components of the SLR translations with respect to the ITRF2014 origin, are not fully replicated by the model‐derived translations. This suggests that translation‐related uncertainties are underestimated when a white noise model is adopted and that substantial systematic errors remain in the data defining the ITRF origin. When using a white noise model, we find uncertainties in the rate of SLR X, Y, and Z translations of ±0.03, ±0.03, and ±0.06, respectively, increasing to ±0.13, ±0.17, and ±0.33 (mm/yr, 1 sigma) when a power law and white noise model is adopted.
Seismic crustal structure of the North China Craton and surrounding area: Synthesis and analysis
Authors: Xia B. , Thybo H. , Artemieva I. M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe present a new digital model (NCcrust) of the seismic crustal structure of the Neoarchean North China Craton (NCC) and its surrounding Paleozoic‐Mesozoic orogenic belts (30°–45°N, 100°–130°E). All available seismic profiles, complemented by receiver function interpretations of crustal thickness, are used to constrain a new comprehensive crustal model NCcrust. The model, presented on a 0.25° × 0.25°grid, includes the Moho depth and the internal structure (thickness and velocity) of the crust specified for four layers (the sedimentary cover, upper, middle, and lower crust) and the Pn velocity in the uppermost mantle. The crust is thin (30–32 km) in the east, while the Moho depth in the western part of the NCC is 38–44 km. The Moho depth of the Sulu‐Dabie‐Qinling‐Qilian orogenic belt ranges from 31 km to 51 km, with a general westward increase in crustal thickness. The sedimentary cover is 2–5 km thick in most of the region, and typical thicknesses of the upper crust, middle crust, and lower crust are 16–24 km, 6–24 km, and 0–6 km, respectively. We document a general trend of westward increase in the thickness of all crustal layers of the crystalline basement and as a consequence, the depth of the Moho. There is no systematic regional pattern in the average crustal Vp velocity and the Pn velocity. We examine correlation between the Moho depth and topography for seven tectonic provinces in the North China Craton and speculate on mechanisms of isostatic compensation.
Differentiating between first‐year and multiyear sea ice in the Arctic using microwave‐retrieved ice emissivities
Authors: Lee Sang‐Moo , Sohn Byung‐Ju , Kim Seong‐Joong 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPolarized emissivities of the sea ice over the Arctic were retrieved at Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer–EOS 10.65, 18.7, 23.8, and 36.5 GHz channel frequencies. Results indicate that retrieved emissivities are consistent with other emissivity estimates. However, errors in the retrieved emissivity for multiyear sea ice at 23.8 and 36.5 GHz can be large up to 8% and 20%, respectively, because of ignoring the freeboard ice scattering and the use of the same emission layer as in 6.925 GHz. It is shown that the emissivity slope for first‐year ice between 10.65 and 18.7 GHz is opposite to that for multiyear sea ice, enabling a distinction between first‐year ice and multiyear ice. Using these differences in spectral features with ice types, an emissivity difference (vertically polarized emissivity difference between 10.65 and 18.7 GHz) was devised to differentiate between first‐year sea ice and multiyear sea ice. A comparison with the ice status information obtained from Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory buoy measurements demonstrates that the method can separate first‐year ice from multiyear ice, implying that this technique enables us to obtain instantaneous and pixel‐level ice‐type information from space‐based passive microwave measurements.
Numerical modeling of tidal notch sequences on rocky coasts of the Mediterranean Basin
Authors: Schneiderwind S. , Boulton S. J. , Papanikolaou I. , Kázmér M. , Reicherter K. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractTidal notches have had the potential to form at sea level from ~6.5 kyr B.P. in the Mediterranean Basin and preserve a symmetrical shape comparable to a quadric polynomial. Continuous erosion, predominantly by biological agents, affects a limestone cliff face from low‐ to high‐tide level at <1 mm/yr. Statically determined, the roots of a quadric polynomial are defined by the tidal range representing the limits of effective erosion. However, gradual variations of eustatic sea level rise (slow) and coseismic uplift/subsidence (fast) in tectonically active regions contribute to vertical shifts in the erosional base at coastlines. As a consequence, the cliff morphology gets modified through time resulting in widening, deepening, and separation of notches and possible overprinting of older features. In order to investigate successive modifications of coastal cliff morphology, we developed a numerical model that considers the erosion rate, the erosion zone relative to sea level, the regional sea level curve, and tectonic motion. The results show how slow and rapid sea level changes bias the modern cliff face and highlight that the present‐day notch sequence from top descending to sea level is not inevitably of decreasing age. Furthermore, the initiation of notch formation is not necessarily linked to the date of a certain seismic event. Especially in extensional tectonic settings where coseismic uplift is low and coastal morphological marks are not as distinct, knowledge about coastal evolution is beneficial for paleoseismological research.
The western Qaidam Basin as a potential Martian environmental analogue: An overview
Authors: Anglés Angélica , Li Yiliang 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe early Martian environment is interpreted as warmer and wetter, before a significant change in its global climatic conditions irreversibly led to the current hyperarid environments. This transition is one of the most intriguing processes of Martian history. The extreme climatic change is preserved in the salt deposits, desiccated landscapes, and geomorphological structures that were shaped by the evaporation of water. However, until a manned journey to Mars is feasible, many Martian materials, morphological structures, and much of its evolutionary history will continue to be poorly understood. In this regard, searching and investigating Martian analogues are still meaningful. To find an Earth environment with a whole set of Martian structures distributed at a scale comparable to Mars is even more important to test landing crafts and provide optimized working parameters for rovers. The western Qaidam Basin in North Tibetan Plateau is such a Martian analogue. The area harbors one of the most extreme hyperarid environments on Earth and contains a series of ancient lakes that evaporated at different evolutionary stages during the rise of the Tibetan Plateau. Large quantities of salts and geomorphological features formed during the transition of warmer‐and‐wet to colder‐and‐dry conditions provide unique references to study the modern Martian surface and interpret the orbital data. We present numerous similarities and results of investigations that suggest the Qaidam Basin as a potential analogue to study modern geomorphic processes on Mars, and suggest that this is an essential site to test future Mars sample return missions.