bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-resolution neodymium characterization along the Mediterranean margins and modelling of εNd distribution in the Mediterranean basins
Authors: Ayache Mohamed , Dutay Jean-Claude , Arsouze Thomas , Révillon Sidonie , Beuvier Jonathan , Jeandel Catherine 
Published: September 2016

Abstract. An extensive compilation of published neodymium (Nd) concentrations and isotopic compositions (Nd IC) was realized in order to establish a new database and a map (using a high-resolution geological map of the area) of the distribution of these parameters for all the Mediterranean margins. Data were extracted from different kinds of samples: river solid discharge deposited on the shelf, sedimentary material collected on the margin or geological material outcropping above or close to a margin. Additional analyses of surface sediments were done in order to improve this data set in key areas (e.g. Sicilian strait). The Mediterranean margin Nd isotopic signatures vary from non-radiogenic values around the Gulf of Lion, (εNd values  ∼  −11) to radiogenic values around the Aegean and the Levantine sub-basins up to +6. Using a high-resolution regional oceanic model (1/12° of horizontal-resolution), εNd distribution was simulated for the first time in the Mediterranean Sea. The high resolution of the model provides a unique opportunity to represent a realistic thermohaline circulation in the basin and thus apprehend the processes governing the Nd isotope distribution in the marine environment. Results are consistent with the preceding conclusions on boundary exchange (BE) as an important process in the Nd oceanic cycle. Nevertheless this approach simulates a too-radiogenic value in the Mediterranean Sea; this bias will likely be corrected once the dust and river inputs will be included in the model. This work highlights that a significant interannual variability of εNd distribution in seawater could occur. In particular, important hydrological events such as the Eastern Mediterranean Transient (EMT), associated with deep water formed in the Aegean sub-basin, could induce a shift in εNd at deep/intermediate depths that could be noticeable in the eastern part of the basin. This underlines that the temporal and geographical variations of εNd could represent an interesting insight of Nd as tracer of the Mediterranean Sea circulation, in particular in the context of palaeo-oceanographic applications.
Predictors of Awareness and Management Practices of Diabetes among Rural Dwellers of Sindh
Authors: Haseeb Abdul , Bilal Muhammad , Farooqui Waqas Ahmed , Soomro Hala , Khan Muhammad Ahad Sher , Nusrat Khushboo , Saad Muhammad , Shabbir Azka , Arshad Mohammad Hussham , Raza Hana , Ahmad Zaidi Syeda Maria , Bhatti Omaima Anis , Shaikh Fatima Imtiaz , Shujauddin Syed Muhammad , Islam Kainat , Niazi Mina Naseem , Malik Umair Arshad 
Published: September 2016

<p><strong>INTRODUCTION: </strong>The most substantial method of control for the spread of DM, is the spreading of knowledge and information regarding DM and its complications. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate and evaluate the level of knowledge, awareness and management practices among people suffering from DM in the rural areas of Sindh.</p><p><strong>METHODOLOGY: </strong>A descriptive cross sectional survey was performed on 400 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Type 2 patients from March 2015 to June 2015, dwelling in rural areas of Sindh province, South Pakistan. A paper based questionnaire was used to determine sociodemographic features, knowledge and awareness with regards to DM and its complications and last part evaluated management practices to manage diabetes.</p><p><strong>RESULTS:</strong> Only 50% participants knew that DM is a condition of high blood glucose and only 39% considered it as a preventable disease. With regards to management practices, only 65.0% had a home glucometer and 48% regularly checked their blood sugar levels. Family history of DM, BMI, education level, monthly household income, marital status and age were important predictors of knowledge among rural dwellers.</p><p><strong>CONCLUSION: </strong>Our study has revealed lack of knowledge and inadequate management practices among diabetic patients of rural areas of Sindh, especially in patients attending primary healthcare setups. Management techniques and knowhow of this silent and deadly pathological condition should be spread to rural populace through seminars and media, which would eventually mold their life in a better condition.</p>
Tropical storm redistribution of Saharan dust to the upper troposphere and ocean surface
Authors: Herbener Stephen R. , Saleeby Stephen M. , van den Heever Susan C. , Twohy Cynthia H. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAs a tropical cyclone traverses the Saharan Air Layer (SAL), the storm will spatially redistribute the dust from the SAL. Dust deposited on the surface may affect ocean fertilization, and dust transported to the upper levels of the troposphere may impact radiative forcing. This study explores the relative amounts of dust that are vertically redistributed when a tropical cyclone crosses the SAL. The Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) was configured to simulate the passage of Tropical Storm Debby (2006) through the SAL. A dust mass budget approach has been applied, enabled by a novel dust mass tracking capability of the model, to determine the amounts of dust deposited on the ocean surface and transferred aloft. The mass of dust removed to the ocean surface was predicted to be nearly 2 orders of magnitude greater than the amount of dust transported to the upper troposphere.
Wave function properties of a single and a system of magnetic flux tube(s) oscillations
Authors: Esmaeili Shahriar , Nasiri Mojtaba , Dadashi Neda , Safari Hossein 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn this study, the properties of wave functions of the MHD oscillations for a single and a system of straight flux tubes are investigated. Magnetic flux tubes with a straight magnetic field and longitudinal density stratification were considered in zero‐β approximation. A single three‐dimensional wave equation (eigenvalue problem) is solved for longitudinal component of the perturbed magnetic field using the finite element method. Wave functions (eigenfunction of wave equation) of the MHD oscillations are categorized into sausage, kink, helical kink, and fluting modes. Exact recognition of the wave functions and the frequencies of oscillations can be used in coronal seismology and also helps to the future high‐resolution instruments that would be designed for studying the properties of the solar loop oscillations in details. The properties of collective oscillations of nonidentical and identical system of flux tubes and their interactions are studied. The ratios of frequencies, the oscillation frequencies of a system of flux tubes to their equivalent monolithic tube (
), are obtained between 0.748 and 0.841 for a system of nonidentical tubes, whereas the related ratios of frequencies for a system of identical flux tubes are fluctuated around 0.761.
On improving the accuracy of electron density profiles obtained at high altitudes by the ionospheric sounder on the Mars Express spacecraft
Authors: Němec F. , Morgan D. D. , Gurnett D. A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe attempt to improve the standard inversion routine used to obtain electron density profiles from the data measured by the Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionospheric Sounding (MARSIS) topside radar sounder on board the Mars Express spacecraft. Artificial ionospheric traces corresponding to how the MARSIS instrument would see model electron density profiles are constructed, and they are inverted using the standard routine. Ideally, this should result in the original electron density profiles. However, it is found that discrepancies between the original and resulting electron density profiles may be significant, in particular at larger solar zenith angles and for higher spacecraft altitudes. This is due to a gap of MARSIS time delay measurements at low‐sounding frequencies, and a necessity to interpolate electron density profiles in this plasma frequency range. Although the ionospheric scale height likely increases with the altitude, the standard inversion routine uses an exponential interpolation with a constant scale height. We suggest a new inversion method, which takes into account expected shapes of ionospheric profiles in the interpolation region. We verify the performance of this method both on the model electron density profiles and on real MARSIS data. We demonstrate that it seems to perform considerably better than the standard routine, in particular for higher spacecraft altitudes. Finally, we use the new inversion method to obtain a revised dependence of the peak altitude on the solar zenith angle.
Where giant earthquakes may come
Authors: Marzocchi W. , Sandri L. , Heuret A. , Funiciello F. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractGiant earthquakes (Mw≥8.5) usually occur on the boundary between subducting and overriding plates of converging margins, but it is not yet clear which (if any) subduction zones are more prone to produce such a kind of events. Here we show that subduction zones may have different capabilities to produce giant earthquakes. We analyze the frequency‐magnitude distribution of the interplate earthquakes at subduction zones that occurred during 1976–2007 and calculate the propensity (defined as the average annual rate) of giant events for about half of the subduction zones. We find that the b value of interplate earthquakes is significantly different among the subduction zones, and out‐of‐sample giant earthquakes (before 1976 and after 2007) have occurred preferentially in high‐propensity areas. Besides the importance for seismic hazard assessment and risk mitigation, our results seem to indicate that a higher seismicity rate does not necessarily imply a higher likelihood to generate giant earthquakes, and the way in which the stress is released at a subduction interface does not change significantly after the occurrence of such events.
How dual‐polarization radar observations can be used to verify model representation of secondary ice
Authors: Sinclair Victoria A. , Moisseev Dmitri , von Lerber Annakaisa 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn this paper it is discussed how dual‐polarization radar observations can be used to verify model representations of secondary ice production. An event where enhanced specific differential phase, Kdp, signatures in snow occur at the altitudes where temperatures lie in the range between −8 and −3°C is investigated. By combining radar and surface‐based precipitation observations it is shown that these dual‐polarization radar signatures are most likely caused by ice with concentrations exceeding those expected from primary ice parameterizations. It is also shown that the newly formed ice particles readily aggregate, which may explain why Kdp values seem to be capped at 0.2–0.3°/km for a C band radar. For the event of interest, multiple high‐resolution (1 km) Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model simulations are conducted. When the default versions of the Morrison microphysics schemes were used, the simulated number concentration of frozen hydrometeors is much lower than observed and the simulated ice particle concentrations are comparable with values expected from primary ice parameterizations. Higher ice concentrations, which exceed values expected from primary ice parameterizations, were simulated when ad hoc thresholds for rain and cloud water mixing ratio in the Hallett‐Mossop part of the Morrison scheme were removed. These results suggest that the parameterization of secondary ice production in operational weather prediction models needs to be revisited and that dual‐polarization radar observations, in conjunction with ancillary observations, can be used to verify them.
Product–Process–Facility Relationship
Authors: Odum Jeffrey 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The relationship between manufactured product and the process by which it is manufactured determines the facility design. While this is common to many industries, for the manufacture of biological products, the relationship is much more complex. Biomanufacturing differs from traditional manufacturing of drugs by a chemical synthesis, because the products are produced around living organisms instead of chemical raw materials. Hence, the biomanufacturing process is based on biological and chemical unit operations.
According to the current paradigm of the biotech industry, the entire manufacturing process determines the quality of the product; therefore, the entire manufacturing process must be defined and controlled carefully to ensure the quality, safety, and efficacy of the product. The design of the facility must meet the current Good Manufacturing Practice and other guidelines.
A Longitudinal Study of Predictors of Housing Stability, Housing Quality, and Mental Health Functioning Among Single Homeless Individuals Staying in Emergency Shelters
Authors: Aubry Tim , Duhoux Arnaud , Klodawsky Fran , Ecker John , Hay Elizabeth 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe current study examined risk and resilience factors at multiple levels that affect homeless individuals' ability to exit homelessness and achieve housing stability. It also examined the relationship between housing status, housing quality and mental health functioning. The methodology is a longitudinal study of single homeless individuals staying in emergency shelters in a medium‐sized Canadian city who were followed for a 2 year period. Data were collected from participants at a baseline interview when they were homeless and at a 2‐year follow‐up. There were 329 participants interviewed at baseline and 197 (59.9%) participants interviewed at follow‐up. Results from a structural equation modelling analysis found that having interpersonal and community resources were predictive of achieving housing stability. Specifically, having a larger social support network, access to subsidized housing, and greater income was related to achieving housing stability. On the other hand, having a substance use problem was a risk factor associated with a failure to achieving housing stability. Being female, feeling personally empowered, having housing that is perceived of being of higher quality were directly predictive of mental health functioning at follow‐up. Findings are discussed in the context of previous research and their policy implications.
Anti‐biofouling anion exchange membrane using surface modified quaternized poly(ether imide) for microbial fuel cells
Authors: Elangovan Mahendiravarman , Dharmalingam Sangeetha 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTThis article deals with a novel way of improving the anti‐biofouling potential of an anion exchange membrane (AEM) by surface modification with ethanol amine (AEOH), a low cost material without affecting the chemical structure and morphology of Quaternized Poly(ether imide) (QPEI), the host membrane. The anti‐biofouling potential of the AEM was evaluated using bacteria anti‐adhesion test, hydrophilicity, surface roughness, water uptake, and the AEOH modification time. The data reveal that power density in all MFCs attain the highest in the sixth batch and thereafter declined albeit in a varying rate as expected measuring the least for QPEI‐30. Periodical measurement of internal resistance and protein content on the membrane surfaces were found to be the least for QPEI‐30 when compared with others. A reduced biofouling with improved anti‐biofouling property is attributed to the enhanced hydrophilicity due to surface modification. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44432.
Generating human serotonergic neurons in vitro: Methodological advances
Authors: Vadodaria Krishna C. , Marchetto Maria C. , Mertens Jerome , Gage Fred H. 
Published: September 2016

Technologies for deriving human neurons in vitro have transformed our ability to study cellular and molecular components of human neurotransmission. Three groups, including our own, have recently published methods for efficiently generating human serotonergic neurons in vitro. Remarkably, serotonergic neurons derived from each method robustly produce serotonin, express raphe genes, are electrically active, and respond to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in vitro. Two of the methods utilize transdifferentiation technology by overexpressing key serotonergic transcription factors. The third and most recent method involves differentiating induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to serotonergic neurons using developmental patterning cues. In this mini‐review, we briefly describe the developmental programs governing serotonergic specification in vivo and how they have been harnessed to achieve serotonergic differentiation in vitro. We discuss the distinct and overlapping features of the recently published methodologies and their value in the context of in vitro disease modeling.Also see the video abstract here.
Randomized clinical trial of chewing gum after laparoscopic colorectal resection
Authors: Shum N F , Choi H K , Mak J C K , Foo D C C , Li W C , Law W L 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

Background
Chewing gum may enhance intestinal motility after surgery. This trial studied whether chewing gum could lead to a further reduction in ileus in patients who had a laparoscopic colorectal resection and followed an enhanced recovery programme.

Methods
Patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal resection were randomized to a control or intervention group. Patients in the control group received a standardized recovery programme. Patients in the intervention group were, in addition, given chewing gum three times daily from day 1 until discharge. Primary outcome measures were time to first flatus and first bowel motion. Time to feeling hungry and hospital stay were secondary outcome measures.

Results
Forty-one patients were randomized into each group. Thirty-seven patients underwent rectal resection and 45 had a colonic resection. Time to passage of flatus was shorter (18 versus 34 h; P = 0·007), first bowel motion occurred earlier (19 versus 44 h; P = 0·001) and time to feeling hungry was earlier (16 versus 25 h; P = 0·001) in the intervention group. There was no difference in the duration of hospital stay (5 days in the intervention group versus 5·5 days in the control group). Subgroup analyses revealed that the benefits of chewing gum were clearer in patients who had a colonic resection, with a shorter time to first flatus (20 versus 35 h; P = 0·043), first bowel motion (19 versus 53 h; P = 0·014) and feeling hungry (14 versus 40 h; P = 0·001). No adverse events were attributed to chewing gum.

Conclusion
Chewing gum is a simple intervention that speeds intestinal transit in patients managed with a recovery programme after laparoscopic colorectal resection. Registration number: NCT02419586 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/).
HPV16 variants distribution in invasive cancers of the cervix, vulva, vagina, penis, and anus
Authors: Nicolás‐Párraga Sara , Gandini Carolina , Pimenoff Ville N. , Alemany Laia , de Sanjosé Silvia , Xavier Bosch F. , Bravo Ignacio G. ,   the RIS HPV TT and HPV VVAP study groups
Published: September 2016

AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV)16 is the most oncogenic human papillomavirus, responsible for most papillomavirus‐induced anogenital cancers. We have explored by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis the viral variant lineages present in 692 HPV16‐monoinfected invasive anogenital cancers from Europe, Asia, and Central/South America. We have assessed the contribution of geography and anatomy to the differential prevalence of HPV16 variants and to the nonsynonymous E6 T350G polymorphism. Most (68%) of the variance in the distribution of HPV16 variants was accounted for by the differential abundance of the different viral lineages. The most prevalent variant (above 70% prevalence) in all regions and in all locations was HPV16_A1‐3, except in Asia, where HPV16_A4 predominated in anal cancers. The differential prevalence of variants as a function of geographical origin explained 9% of the variance, and the differential prevalence of variants as a function of anatomical location accounted for less than 3% of the variance. Despite containing similar repertoires of HPV16 variants, we confirm the worldwide trend of cervical cancers being diagnosed significantly earlier than other anogenital cancers (early fifties vs. early sixties). Frequencies for alleles in the HPV16 E6 T350G polymorphism were similar across anogenital cancers from the same geographical origin. Interestingly, anogenital cancers from Central/South America displayed higher 350G allele frequencies also within HPV16_A1‐3 lineage compared with Europe. Our results demonstrate ample variation in HPV16 variants prevalence in anogenital cancers, which is partly explained by the geographical origin of the sample and only marginally explained by the anatomical location of the lesion, suggesting that tissue specialization is not essential evolutionary forces shaping HPV16 diversity in anogenital cancers.
“Grafting” of Coordination Complex Modified Polyoxometalate on Ethylenediamine Planted Polyvinylidene Fluoride: Superhydrophilic Composite Membrane for Oxytetracycline Treatment
Authors: Xu Xinxin , Zhang Xiaoxing , Yang Hongyu , Liu Xiaoxia 
Published: September 2016

AbstractUnder the guide of chemical bonding, a composite membrane had been fabricated successfully through grafting of a coordination complex modified polyoxometalate to an ethylenediamine planted polyvinylidene fluoride. Compared with neat polyvinylidene fluoride membrane, the oxytetracycline adsorption capacity of the polyoxometalate grafted composite membrane has been improved to a great extent. In addition, this polyoxometalate grafted composite membrane also exhibits excellent hydrophilicity, which leads to a clear enhancement in its antifouling properties. Besides oxytetracycline, its performances in the removal of other tetracycline‐type antibiotics, such as tetracycline and doxycycline, also looks outstanding. Furthermore, after successive adsorption and desorption experiments, the pollutant removal activity and antifouling property of this composite membrane are well retained, which suggests it is stable for removing tetracycline‐type antibiotics in waste water treatment processes.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal Vacancy Ordering in an Antiperovskite Resulting in Two Modifications of Fe2SeO.
Authors: Valldor Martin , Wright Taylor , Fitch Andrew , Prots Yurii 
Published: September 2016

AbstractSingle crystals of two modifications of Fe2SeO are grown in a CsCl flux using a 4:1:1:3 molar mixture of Fe, Se, SeO2, and CsCl (evacuated silica tubes, 750 °C, 96 h; cooling to 500 °C over 96 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Gallium‐Indium Ordering in the Complex [Ni2Ga3In] Network of GdNi2Ga3In.
Authors: Galadzhun Yaroslav V. , Horiacha Myroslava M. , Nychyporuk Galyna P. , Rodewald Ute Ch. , Poettgen Rainer , Zaremba Vasyl I. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe isotypic compounds LnNi2Ga3In (Ln: Y, Gd—Tm) are prepared by arc‐melting of the elements and characterized by powder XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: A Lightweight Shape‐Memory Magnesium Alloy.
Authors: Ogawa Yukiko , Ando Daisuke , Sutou Yuji , Koike Junichi 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA β‐type Mg—20.5 at% Sc alloy exhibits superelasticity of 4.4% at ‐150 °C and shape recovery upon heating.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and the Temperature‐Dependent Luminescent Properties of SrWO4:Eu3+ Ultralong Nanowire Phosphors.
Authors: Zhang Dao‐Jun , Zhang Jing‐Chao , Zhou Jing‐Yang , Cai Sun‐Shou , Gao Yue , Yuan Bai‐Qing , Zhang Ren‐Chun 
Published: September 2016

AbstractSrWO4:Eu3 + nanowires with high aspect ratio are prepared by solvothermal reaction of Sr(NO3)2, Eu(NO3)3, and Na2WO4 which are subsequently added to a solution of NaOH in H2O, oleic acid, EtOH, and cyclohexane as a poor solvent‐induced self‐assembly process (180 °C, 12 h).