bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HUBUNGAN ANTARA KEBERADAAN GEN MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX CLASS II (MHC-II), KETAHANAN TERHADAP PENYAKIT, DAN PERTUMBUHAN PADA POPULASI IKAN MAS STRAIN RAJADANU
Authors: Ariyanto Didik , Hayuningtyas Erma Primanita , Syahputra Khairul 
Published: September 2017

Pengembangan budidaya ikan mas di Indonesia mengalami kendala serius sejak timbulnya penyakit koi herpes virus (KHV) pada tahun 2002. Salah satu pendekatan yang dipakai dalam rangka mengantisipasi penyakit tersebut adalah perbaikan mutu genetik untuk mendapatkan varietas unggul ikan mas tahan KHV melalui seleksi berbantuan marka molekuler (MAS; Marker Assisted selection). Keberadaan gen Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II (MHC-II) diduga berkaitan erat dengan peningkatan daya tahan tubuh ikan mas terhadap penyakit. Di sisi lain, populasi ikan dengan daya tahan terhadap penyakit yang tinggi diduga mempunyai laju pertumbuhan lebih lambat. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui empat hal, yaitu (1) transmisi gen MHC-II dari induk ke anakannya, (2) hubungan antara keberadaan gen MHC-II dengan daya tahan terhadap penyakit, (3) hubungan antara daya tahan terhadap penyakit dengan pertumbuhan, serta (4) pengaruh keberadaan gen MHC-II pada ikan mas terhadap performa benih di lingkungan budidaya. Benih uji diperoleh dari pemijahan induk jantan dan betina ikan mas strain Rajadanu positif MHC-II, serta induk jantan dan betina negatif MHC-II. Analisis gen MHC-II dilakukan menggunakan mesin PCR, analisis daya tahan terhadap penyakit melalui uji tantang secara kohabitasi, dan analisis hubungan daya tahan dengan pertumbuhan dilakukan di kolam air deras di daerah endemik KHV, yaitu di Subang, Jawa Barat selama tiga bulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa populasi ikan mas hasil pemijahan induk jantan dan betina positif MHC-II mempunyai persentase MHC-II sebesar 90%, lebih banyak dibanding populasi hasil pemijahan induk jantan dan betina negatif MHC-II sebesar 40%. Berdasarkan uji tantang, populasi positif MHC-II mempunyai daya tahan terhadap infeksi KHV 8,95% lebih tinggi dibanding populasi negatif MHC-II. Hasil pengujian secara lapang di daerah endemik KHV juga menunjukkan pola hasil yang sama, yaitu populasi positif MHC-II mempunyai sintasan 41,61% lebih baik dibanding populasi negatif MHC-II. Analisis hubungan antara keberadaan gen MHC-II sebagai indikasi ketahanan terhadap penyakit khususnya KHV dengan pertumbuhan di kolam air tenang maupun kolam air deras menunjukkan bahwa populasi ikan mas Rajadanu dengan persentase MHC-II lebih tinggi mempunyai sintasan lebih tinggi tetapi mempunyai laju pertumbuhan lebih lambat.
PENGARUH CAR(CAR) DAN NON PERFORMING LOAN (NPL) TERHADAP KINERJA KEUANGAN BANK UMUM KONVENSIONAL PERIODE 2013 – 2015
Authors: Sumiati Ati , Karmila Ekky 
Published: September 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh CAR(CAR) dan Non-Performing Loan (NPL) terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Bank Umum Konvensional Periode 2013 – 2015. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik non-probability sampling dan metode purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data menggunakan data sekunder, yaitu dengan mengambil data dari laporan tahunan masing-masing website bank umum konvensional. Populasi terjangkau dalam penelitian ini adalah Bank Umum Konvensional yang berjumlah 43 bank dengan sampel 39 bank. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji normalitas, uji asumsi klasik, dan uji hipotesis. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data diketahui bahwa ada pengaruh positif antara CAR(CAR) dengan Kinerja Keuangan, sedangkannon-performing loan berpengaruh negatif terhadap Kinerja Keuangan. Secara simultan terdapat pengaruh antara CARdan Non-Performing Loan terhadap Kinerja Keuangan.

Kata Kunci: Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Non-Performing Loan (NPL), Kinerja Keuang
An Assessment of Pedotransfer Function Performance for the Estimation of Spatial Variability of Key Soil Hydraulic Properties
Authors: da Silva Alessandra Calegari , Armindo Robson André , Brito Alexsandro dos Santos , Schaap Marcel G. 
Published: September 2017

Core Ideas
PTFs have been widely applied in environmental and hydrological watershed studies.
PTFs can simulate the spatial variability of hydraulic functions.
The simulation of hydraulic maps using PTF data should be performed with care.
The reliable applications of soil water dynamics and its spatial variability are very important in hydrological and environmental studies. However, determination of some hydraulic properties requires time and sometimes high costs. Pedotransfer functions (PTFs) have been applied as an alternative for the prediction of soil hydraulic properties by working with some easily measurable physical properties. This study examined the performance of the Splintex and Rosetta PTFs for estimating the spatial variability of some soil hydraulic properties such as available water capacity (AWC), field capacity (θfc), permanent wilting point (θpwp), specific water capacity [C(θ)], conductivity [K(θ)], and diffusivity [D(θ)] in a sandy soil from southeastern Brazil. Based on the log‐likelihood, Akaike, and Bayesian information criteria, semivariogram models were fitted and used to krige the assessed variable maps. The results showed the feasibility of using these PTFs to estimate the spatial variability in soil hydraulic properties and functions, which would greatly benefit vadose zone flow and transport modeling. Geostatistical analyses presented similarities in kriged maps of both observed K(θ) and C(θ) data with kriged maps by Rosetta estimates, as well as the kriged map of the observed AWC data with the kriged map by Splintex estimates sometimes revealing the same semivariogram data pattern. Predicted maps of θfc, θpwp, and D(θ) were, however, different from kriged maps of the observed data, showing that this approach should be used carefully. The use of the range parameter from the semivariogram models was efficient to determine the optimal sample density for the studied area.
Using an Online Tutorial to Teach REA Data Modeling in Accounting Information Systems Courses
Authors: SEOW Poh-Sun , Pan Gary 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT
Online learning has been gaining widespread adoption due to its success in enhancing student-learning outcomes and improving student academic performance. This paper describes an online tutorial to teach resource-event-agent (REA) data modeling in an undergraduate accounting information systems course. The REA online tutorial reflects a self-study application designed to help students improve their understanding of the REA data model. As such, the tutorial acts as a supplement to lectures by reinforcing the concepts and incorporating practices to assess student understanding. Instructors can access the REA online tutorial at http://smu.sg/rea. An independent survey by the University's Centre for Teaching Excellence found a significant increase in students' perceived knowledge of REA data modeling after using the REA online tutorial compared to their knowledge prior to using the tutorial. Students also rated their overall satisfaction with and the effectiveness of the REA online tutorial as high.
A Case to Provide Students Practice in Basic and Advanced Functions of IDEA Software
Authors: Antcliff Mary , Doren Ryan , Harris Lauren , Hayes David C. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT
As audits and financial information become increasingly complex, computer assisted audit techniques (CAATs) can be used to make audits more effective and efficient. Accounting students embarking on their auditing careers may use CAATs software. Having experience with CAATs and specifically Interactive Data Extraction and Analysis (IDEA) software will help set students apart from their peers. The purpose of this article is to provide a case to help students develop a working knowledge of CAATs software.
Fee Assessment: The Audit Price Tag of Innovative IT Solutions
Authors: Altschuller Shoshana , Fried Abraham N. , Gelb David 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTNow in its sixth decade, the field of business information systems continues to advance at an astonishing pace. As information technology (IT) based solutions continue to evolve, they get ever more sophisticated and integral to the operational processes of a company. Investment in information systems (IS) has benefitted companies by facilitating cost savings through implementation of operational efficiencies and adding value through differentiation of offerings and advanced data analysis. IT capabilities have also been credited with the creation of competitive advantage. While business success thrives on innovation and out-of-the-box thinking, financial audit relies on systematic, controlled and measurable processes and reporting. In this paper we explore the intersection of innovative information systems and the financial audit process. As information systems innovate the business strategy, we seek to understand the impact on the audit process. In this study, we capture auditors' perceptions through an analysis of the relationship between innovative IT solutions and audit fees. Findings indicate that sophisticated information systems contribute significantly to increases in audit fees. Seemingly, innovation in IS has induced auditors to expend more effort in minimizing the risk of financial misstatement rather than increasing their confidence in the controls that the systems provide.
Advanced error diagnostics of the CMAQ and Chimere modelling systems within the AQMEII3 model evaluation framework
Authors: Solazzo Efisio , Hogrefe Christian , Colette Augustin , Garcia-Vivanco Marta , Galmarini Stefano 
Published: September 2017

Abstract. The work here complements the overview analysis of the modelling systems participating in the third phase of the Air Quality Model Evaluation International Initiative (AQMEII3) by focusing on the performance for hourly surface ozone by two modelling systems, Chimere for Europe and CMAQ for North America. The evaluation strategy outlined in the course of the three phases of the AQMEII activity, aimed to build up a diagnostic methodology for model evaluation, is pursued here and novel diagnostic methods are proposed. In addition to evaluating the base case simulation in which all model components are configured in their standard mode, the analysis also makes use of sensitivity simulations in which the models have been applied by altering and/or zeroing lateral boundary conditions, emissions of anthropogenic precursors, and ozone dry deposition. To help understand of the causes of model deficiencies, the error components (bias, variance, and covariance) of the base case and of the sensitivity runs are analysed in conjunction with timescale considerations and error modelling using the available error fields of temperature, wind speed, and NOx concentration. The results reveal the effectiveness and diagnostic power of the methods devised (which remains the main scope of this study), allowing the detection of the timescale and the fields that the two models are most sensitive to. The representation of planetary boundary layer (PBL) dynamics is pivotal to both models. In particular, (i) the fluctuations slower than ∼ 1.5 days account for 70–85 % of the mean square error of the full (undecomposed) ozone time series; (ii) a recursive, systematic error with daily periodicity is detected, responsible for 10–20 % of the quadratic total error; (iii) errors in representing the timing of the daily transition between stability regimes in the PBL are responsible for a covariance error as large as 9 ppb (as much as the standard deviation of the network-average ozone observations in summer in both Europe and North America); (iv) the CMAQ ozone error has a weak/negligible dependence on the errors in NO2, while the error in NO2 significantly impacts the ozone error produced by Chimere; (v) the response of the models to variations of anthropogenic emissions and boundary conditions show a pronounced spatial heterogeneity, while the seasonal variability of the response is found to be less marked. Only during the winter season does the zeroing of boundary values for North America produce a spatially uniform deterioration of the model accuracy across the majority of the continent.
Uncertainties in shoreline position analysis: the role of run-up and tide in a gentle slope beach
Authors: Manno Giorgio , Lo Re Carlo , Ciraolo Giuseppe 
Published: September 2017

Abstract. In recent decades in the Mediterranean Sea, high anthropic pressure from increasing economic and touristic development has affected several coastal areas. Today the erosion phenomena threaten human activities and existing structures, and interdisciplinary studies are needed to better understand actual coastal dynamics. Beach evolution analysis can be conducted using GIS methodologies, such as the well-known Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS), in which error assessment based on shoreline positioning plays a significant role. In this study, a new approach is proposed to estimate the positioning errors due to tide and wave run-up influence. To improve the assessment of the wave run-up uncertainty, a spectral numerical model was used to propagate waves from deep to intermediate water and a Boussinesq-type model for intermediate water up to the swash zone. Tide effects on the uncertainty of shoreline position were evaluated using data collected by a nearby tide gauge. The proposed methodology was applied to an unprotected, dissipative Sicilian beach far from harbors and subjected to intense human activities over the last 20 years. The results show wave run-up and tide errors ranging from 0.12 to 4.5 m and from 1.20 to 1.39 m, respectively.
Hoe te komen tot meer samenwerking voor beleidsonderzoek als creatief proces van richting, ordening en bijstelling
Authors: Fabius Henrick 
Published: September 2017

Hoe te komen tot meer samenwerking voor beleidsonderzoek als creatief proces van richting, ordening en bijstelling
In dit essay biedt de auteur een handreiking voor creatieve samenwerking, niet als oplossing of regel, maar als creatief proces dat steeds per geval en situatie in elke fase van beleidsonderzoek kan worden ingericht. De auteur doet dit aan de hand van een aantal door de auteurs van Kennis voor beleid (2015) geformuleerde criteria.
Belgium and Democratic Constitution-Making: Prospects for the Future?
Authors: Van Crombrugge Ronald 
Published: September 2017

Belgium and Democratic Constitution-Making: Prospects for the Future?
How constitutions are changed – and more importantly: how they should be changed – is the subject of ongoing debate. There seems to be a growing consensus, however, that in order for a constitution to be considered legitimate it is required that it was created through a democratic process. This growing consensus stands in sharp contrast with the Belgian experience of constitutional change as an essentially elite-led process that takes place behind closed doors. This article seeks to explore the possibilities for more democratic forms of constitutional change in Belgium. It does so by evaluating and comparing two examples of democratic constitution-making, namely the constitution-making processes In South Africa (1996) and Iceland (2012). On the basis of these two examples, several concrete suggestions will be made, which are not only relevant for the Belgian case but can be applied more broadly to other countries as well.
Evaluating Quality of Life in Patients with Hallux Abducto Valgus Deformity After a Taping Technique
Authors: Formosa Malcolm Paul , Gatt Alfred , Formosa Cynthia 
Published: September 2017

Background:The aim of this study was to determine the quality of life in patients living with hallux abducto valgus deformity before and after a taping technique.Methods:This study used a time series, quasi-experimental, same-subject design. Thirty-five patients with hallux abducto valgus were recruited in this study. Nonelastic zinc oxide tape was applied for 4 weeks. The Foot Health Status Questionnaire was used to assess the quality of life of participants before and after the intervention. The paired samples t test was used to test for statistical significance at the 95% confidence level.Results:In this study, a statistical reduction was seen in foot pain, foot function, and general foot health (P &lt; .0001) after applying the nonelastic zinc oxide tape for 10 hours daily for 4 weeks. No statistically significant difference was found in the remaining domains of the Foot Health Status Questionnaire, although a difference in mean scores was observed.Conclusions:Treatment with nonelastic zinc oxide tape led to improved management of hallux abducto valgus and better quality of life; it is a safe, easy-to-use method with minimal adverse effects. Future studies should evaluate this method using larger sample groups and longer treatment periods while comparing this method with alternative treatment approaches, such as exercise or orthotic devices.
Testing and Evaluation of Health Care Applications of Large Language Models
Authors: Bedi Suhana , Liu Yutong , Orr-Ewing Lucy , Dash Dev , Koyejo Sanmi , Callahan Alison , Fries Jason A. , Wornow Michael , Swaminathan Akshay , Lehmann Lisa Soleymani , Hong Hyo Jung , Kashyap Mehr , Chaurasia Akash R. , Shah Nirav R. , Singh Karandeep , Tazbaz Troy , Milstein Arnold , Pfeffer Michael A. , Shah Nigam H. 
Published: October 2024

ImportanceLarge language models (LLMs) can assist in various health care activities, but current evaluation approaches may not adequately identify the most useful application areas.ObjectiveTo summarize existing evaluations of LLMs in health care in terms of 5 components: (1) evaluation data type, (2) health care task, (3) natural language processing (NLP) and natural language understanding (NLU) tasks, (4) dimension of evaluation, and (5) medical specialty.Data SourcesA systematic search of PubMed and Web of Science was performed for studies published between January 1, 2022, and February 19, 2024.Study SelectionStudies evaluating 1 or more LLMs in health care.Data Extraction and SynthesisThree independent reviewers categorized studies via keyword searches based on the data used, the health care tasks, the NLP and NLU tasks, the dimensions of evaluation, and the medical specialty.ResultsOf 519 studies reviewed, published between January 1, 2022, and February 19, 2024, only 5% used real patient care data for LLM evaluation. The most common health care tasks were assessing medical knowledge such as answering medical licensing examination questions (44.5%) and making diagnoses (19.5%). Administrative tasks such as assigning billing codes (0.2%) and writing prescriptions (0.2%) were less studied. For NLP and NLU tasks, most studies focused on question answering (84.2%), while tasks such as summarization (8.9%) and conversational dialogue (3.3%) were infrequent. Almost all studies (95.4%) used accuracy as the primary dimension of evaluation; fairness, bias, and toxicity (15.8%), deployment considerations (4.6%), and calibration and uncertainty (1.2%) were infrequently measured. Finally, in terms of medical specialty area, most studies were in generic health care applications (25.6%), internal medicine (16.4%), surgery (11.4%), and ophthalmology (6.9%), with nuclear medicine (0.6%), physical medicine (0.4%), and medical genetics (0.2%) being the least represented.Conclusions and RelevanceExisting evaluations of LLMs mostly focus on accuracy of question answering for medical examinations, without consideration of real patient care data. Dimensions such as fairness, bias, and toxicity and deployment considerations received limited attention. Future evaluations should adopt standardized applications and metrics, use clinical data, and broaden focus to include a wider range of tasks and specialties.
Early Warning Scores With and Without Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Edelson Dana P. , Churpek Matthew M. , Carey Kyle A. , Lin Zhenqiu , Huang Chenxi , Siner Jonathan M. , Johnson Jennifer , Krumholz Harlan M. , Rhodes Deborah J. 
Published: October 2024

ImportanceEarly warning decision support tools to identify clinical deterioration in the hospital are widely used, but there is little information on their comparative performance.ObjectiveTo compare 3 proprietary artificial intelligence (AI) early warning scores and 3 publicly available simple aggregated weighted scores.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study was performed at 7 hospitals in the Yale New Haven Health System. All consecutive adult medical-surgical ward hospital encounters between March 9, 2019, and November 9, 2023, were included.ExposuresSimultaneous Epic Deterioration Index (EDI), Rothman Index (RI), eCARTv5 (eCART), Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS), National Early Warning Score (NEWS), and NEWS2 scores.Main Outcomes and MeasuresClinical deterioration, defined as a transfer from ward to intensive care unit or death within 24 hours of an observation.ResultsOf the 362 926 patient encounters (median patient age, 64 [IQR, 47-77] years; 200 642 [55.3%] female), 16 693 (4.6%) experienced a clinical deterioration event. eCART had the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve at 0.895 (95% CI, 0.891-0.900), followed by NEWS2 at 0.831 (95% CI, 0.826-0.836), NEWS at 0.829 (95% CI, 0.824-0.835), RI at 0.828 (95% CI, 0.823-0.834), EDI at 0.808 (95% CI, 0.802-0.812), and MEWS at 0.757 (95% CI, 0.750-0.764). After matching scores at the moderate-risk sensitivity level for a NEWS score of 5, overall positive predictive values (PPVs) ranged from a low of 6.3% (95% CI, 6.1%-6.4%) for an EDI score of 41 to a high of 17.3% (95% CI, 16.9%-17.8%) for an eCART score of 94. Matching scores at the high-risk specificity of a NEWS score of 7 yielded overall PPVs ranging from a low of 14.5% (95% CI, 14.0%-15.2%) for an EDI score of 54 to a high of 23.3% (95% CI, 22.7%-24.2%) for an eCART score of 97. The moderate-risk thresholds provided a median of at least 20 hours of lead time for all the scores. Median lead time at the high-risk threshold was 11 (IQR, 0-69) hours for eCART, 8 (IQR, 0-63) hours for NEWS, 6 (IQR, 0-62) hours for NEWS2, 5 (IQR, 0-56) hours for MEWS, 1 (IQR, 0-39) hour for EDI, and 0 (IQR, 0-42) hours for RI.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of inpatient encounters, eCART outperformed the other AI and non-AI scores, identifying more deteriorating patients with fewer false alarms and sufficient time to intervene. NEWS, a non-AI, publicly available early warning score, significantly outperformed EDI. Given the wide variation in accuracy, additional transparency and oversight of early warning tools may be warranted.