bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reason for Referral Predicts Utilization and Perceived Impact of Early Intervention Services
Authors: Javalkar Karina , Litt Jonathan S. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
Children participating in early intervention (EI) vary in their medical needs and degree of delay, and previous studies have shown significant differences in EI enrollment based on the reason for referral. The effect of reason for referral on service provision and family satisfaction is largely unknown.

Methods:
We used data from the National Early Intervention Longitudinal Study for our secondary data analysis. The main predictor was the reason for referral: a diagnosed condition, documented developmental delay, or other risk factors. Outcomes included unmet service needs, program dropout, and family satisfaction with services.

Results:
The 2966 participants were mostly white (51.9%), male (60.3%), and had an annual household income at or below $50,000 (77.0%). There were 1924 referred due to diagnosis, 691 due to delay, and 351 due to other risks. Compared with the diagnosis group, children with delays were more likely (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.38, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02–1.87) to have unmet service needs and to drop out of EI programs (aOR 1.44, 95% CI, 1.07–1.96); their families were less likely to report that services were highly individualized (aOR 0.80, 95% CI, 0.65–0.98) or had an impact on their children's development (aOR 0.77, 95% CI, 0.62–0.96).

Conclusion:
Children participating in EI because of developmental delays are more likely to have unmet service needs, drop out of services because of a reason other than ineligibility (family or child-related reason), and have lower caregiver satisfaction than those participating because of diagnosed conditions. It is important to determine reasons for these differences and their impact on developmental outcomes.
Summer Healthy-Lifestyle Intervention Program for Young Children Who Are Overweight: Results from a Nonrandomized Pilot Trial
Authors: Graziano Paulo A. , Garcia Alexis , Lim Crystal S. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
To examine initial outcomes of an 8-week Healthy-Lifestyle Intervention Program (HIP) which included children's participation in a daily summer camp along with parents' participation in a parenting program focused on overweight/obesity.

Methods:
Using a nonrandomized pilot trial design, 16 children (M child age = 6.42 yr; 81% male; 100% Latino) classified as overweight/obese and their mothers completed 3 assessments (baseline, posttreatment, and 6–8 mo follow-up).

Results:
Children who completed HIP experienced significant decreases in their body mass index z-scores (primary outcome) from baseline to posttreatment (d = −1.11) with such decreases being moderately maintained at follow-up (d = −0.64). In terms of secondary outcomes, HIP was effective in improving and maintaining healthy habits in both children and mothers and children's nutritional knowledge and fitness. Objective food data showed that children's dietary intake during HIP improved. High attendance and satisfaction were reported for families who completed HIP.

Conclusion:
This pilot treatment development study shows that a family lifestyle intervention conducted in a summer camp setting that targets both children and parents is a promising option for addressing pediatric obesity in young children.
Rising Chlamydia and Gonorrhoea Incidence and Associated Risk Factors Among Female Sex Workers in Australia: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Callander Denton , McManus Hamish , Guy Rebecca , Hellard Margaret , O’Connor Catherine C. , Fairley Christopher K. , Chow Eric P.F. , McNulty Anna , Lewis David A. , Carmody Christopher , Schmidt Heather-Marie A. , Kim Jules , Donovan Basil 
Published: September 2017

Background
Female sex workers in Australia have achieved some of the lowest documented prevalences of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other sexually transmissible infections globally but rates overall are increasing in Australia and warrant closer investigation.

Methods
We constructed a retrospective cohort using repeat testing data extracted from a network of 42 sexual health clinics. Poisson and Cox regression were used to determined trends in incidence and risk factors for HIV, chlamydia, gonorrhoea, and infectious syphilis among female sex workers.

Results
From 2009 to 2015, 18,475 women reporting sex work attended a participating service. The overall incidence of urogenital chlamydia was 7.7/100 person years (PY), declining by 38% from 2009 to 2013 before increasing by 43% to 2015 (P < 0.001); anorectal chlamydia incidence was 0.6/100 PY, and pharyngeal was 1.9/100 PY, which increased significantly during the study period (P < 0.001, both). For gonorrhoea, the urogenital incidence was 1.4/100 PY, anorectal incidence was 0.3/100 PY, P < 0.001), and 3.6/100 PY for pharyngeal; urogenital incidence doubled during the study period, anorectal increased fivefold, and pharyngeal more than tripled (P < 0.001, all). Incidence of infectious syphilis was 0.4/100 PY, which remained stable from 2009 to 2015 (P = 0.09). There were seven incident infections of HIV among female sex workers (0.1/100 PY). Inconsistent condom use with private partners, higher number of private partner numbers, recent injecting drug use, younger age, and country of birth variously predicted sexually transmissible infections among female sex workers.

Conclusions
Although infectious syphilis and HIV remain uncommon in female sex workers attending Australian sexual health clinics, the increasing incidence of gonorrhoea across anatomical sites and increasing chlamydia after a period of decline demands enhanced health promotion initiatives.
Factors Associated With Syphilis Testing and a History of Syphilis Infection Among a Sample of Transgender Women in Jamaica
Authors: Logie Carmen H. , Wang Ying , Lacombe-Duncan Ashley , Ahmed Uzma , Jones Nicolette , Neil Ava , Ellis Tyrone , Levermore Kandasi , Marshall Annecka , Newman Peter A. 
Published: September 2017

Background
Globally, social inequalities contribute to elevated sexually transmitted infections (STIs) rates among transgender women. High syphilis prevalence has been documented among transgender women in Latin America. Little is known, however, of syphilis testing uptake among transgender women in Jamaica, where homosexuality is criminalized. The study objective was to understand factors associated with opting-in for syphilis testing and a syphilis infection history among transgender women in Jamaica.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional tablet-based survey of 137 transgender women between March and November 2015 in Jamaica. Bivariate analyses were used to assess differences across sociodemographic, intrapersonal, interpersonal, and structural factors based on syphilis infection history. We conducted univariable and multivariable logistic regression to determine the odds ratio for opting-in for syphilis testing for all factors associated with testing uptake at a P value of less than 0.05 in bivariate analyses, controlling for sociodemographic characteristics.

Results
Among 137 participants, 83 (60.6%) opted in for syphilis screening and 8 (9.6%) had positive rapid test results. One quarter of participants (n = 26; 25.2%) reported being HIV positive. Opting-in for syphilis testing was associated with the following: 1 health (HIV-positive serostatus: adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 4.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.31–14.26), 1 intrapersonal (perceived STI risk: AOR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.04–2.40), 1 interpersonal (childhood sexual abuse: AOR, 2.80; 95% CI, 1.03–7.62), and 1 structural (incarceration: AOR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.11–0.71) factor.

Conclusions
This study identified factors (HIV-positive serostatus, perceived STI risk, childhood sexual abuse, no incarceration history) associated with syphilis testing uptake among transgender women. Findings can inform multilevel STI testing, prevention, and care strategies tailored for transgender women in Jamaica.
Sleep Duration and Quality as Related to Left Ventricular Structure and Function
Authors: Lee Jae-Hon , Park Sung Keun , Ryoo Jae-Hong , Oh Chang-Mo , Kang Jeong Gyu , Mansur Rodrigo B. , Alfonsi Jeffrey E. , Lee Yena , Shin Sun-Han , McIntyre Roger S. , Jung Ju Young 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

Objective
Inadequate sleep is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events; however, the associations between sleep duration or quality and cardiac function or structure are not well understood. This cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate to what extent sleep duration and quality are associated with left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction or structural deterioration.

Methods
A total of 31,598 healthy Korean adults who received echocardiography and completed the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index were enrolled in this study. Participants were stratified into three groups by self-reported sleep duration (i.e., <7, 7–9, >9 hours) and into two groups by subjective sleep quality. Sleep duration was also assessed as a continuous variable. The odds ratios for impaired LV diastolic function, increased relative wall thickness, and LV hypertrophy (LVH) were compared between groups using multivariable logistic regression analyses.

Results
After adjustment for confounding variables (e.g., age, smoking, body mass index), there was a statistically significant association between short sleep duration (<7 hours) and greater LVH (fully adjusted odds ratio = 1.32 [95% confidence interval {CI} = 1.02–1.73]). Short sleep duration was also significantly associated with greater LVH (0.87 per hour [95% CI = 0.78–0.98]) and increased relative wall thickness (0.92 [95% CI = 0.86–0.99]), but there was no significant association between sleep and LV diastolic function. Among individuals with normal sleep duration, poor quality of sleep was not associated with adverse cardiac measures.

Conclusions
These results indicate that short sleep duration (<7 hours) is associated with unfavorable LV structural characteristics. The association of insufficient sleep with adverse cardiovascular health outcomes may be mediated in part by adverse changes in cardiac structure and function.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging–Based Prostate-Specific Antigen Density for Prediction of Gleason Score Upgrade in Patients With Low-Risk Prostate Cancer on Initial Biopsy
Authors: Sim Ki Choon , Sung Deuk Jae , Kang Kun Woo , Yang Kyung Sook , Han Na Yeon , Park Beom Jin , Kim Min Ju , Cho Sung Bum 
Published: September 2017

Objective
The aim of this study was to assess the utility of prostate-specific antigen density (PSAD) calculated using magnetic resonance imaging for predicting Gleason score (GS) upgrade in patients with low-risk prostate cancer on biopsy.

Methods
Seventy-three patients were divided into 2 groups according to the concordance between biopsy and prostatectomy GS: group 1 (6/6) and group 2 (6/≥7). Magnetic resonance imaging–based PSAD, prostate volume, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and age were compared between the 2 groups. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were performed.

Results
Gleason score was upgraded in 40 patients. Patients in group 2 had significantly higher PSAD and PSA values and smaller prostate volume than did those in group 1. Prostate-specific antigen density of 0.26 ng/mL per cm3 or higher, PSA of 7.63 ng/mL or higher, and prostate volume of 25.1 cm3 or less were related to GS upgrade, with area-under-the-curve values of 0.765, 0.721, and 0.639, respectively.

Conclusions
Magnetic resonance imaging–based PSAD could help in predicting postoperative GS upgrade in patients with low-risk prostate cancer.
Appropriate Use Criteria for Cardiac Computed Tomography
Authors: Erthal Fernanda , Premaratne Manuja , Yam Yeung , Chen Li , Lamba Jasmine , Keenan Marissa , Haddad Tony , Pharasi Kishu , Anand Saipriya , Beanlands Rob S. , Burwash Ian G. , Dwivedi Girish , Ruddy Terrence D. , Chow Benjamin J.W. 
Published: September 2017

Purpose:
Cardiac imaging expenditures have come under scrutiny, and a focus on appropriate use criteria (AUC) has arisen to ensure cost-effective resource utilization. Although AUC has been developed by clinical experts, it has not undergone rigorous quality assurance testing to ensure that inappropriate indications for testing yield little clinical benefit. The objective of the study was to evaluate the potential incremental prognostic value of coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) in the different AUC categories.

Materials and Methods:
Consecutive patients enrolled into a cardiac CT Registry were collated. Patient indications were reviewed and based on the 2010 AUC (appropriate, uncertain, and inappropriate). Patients were followed-up for death, myocardial infarction (MI), and late revascularization, with the primary composite endpoint being cardiac death, nonfatal MI, and late revascularization. The prognostic value of CCTA over clinical variables in each of the AUC categories was assessed.

Results:
Indications for CCTA were appropriate, uncertain, and inappropriate in 1284 (66.5%), 312 (16.2%), and 334 (17.3%) patients, respectively. Rates of all-cause of death, cardiac death, nonfatal MI, and late revascularization were similar across patients with appropriate, uncertain, and inappropriate indications for CCTA. Moreover, in each AUC category, CCTA had incremental prognostic value over a routine clinical risk score (National Cholesterol Education Program) with hazard ratios of 9.98, 7.39, and 5.61.

Conclusions:
CCTA has incremental prognostic value in all AUC categories, even when the reason for the study was deemed “inappropriate.” This suggests that CCTA may still have clinical value in “inappropriate” indications and that further quality assurance AUC studies are needed.
A Three-Dimensional Study of Midfacial Changes Following Le Fort II Distraction With Zygomatic Repositioning in Syndromic Patients
Authors: Smartt James M. , Campbell Carey , Hallac Rami , Alford Jake , Derderian Christopher A. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Le Fort II distraction with zygomatic repositioning introduced the ability to restore central midfacial height and convexity independent of changes in orbital morphology. This study analyzes midfacial and orbital morphology before and after Le Fort II distraction with zygomatic repositioning.
All patients who underwent Le Fort II Distraction with zygomatic repositioning between 2013 and 2015 were included. Two- and 3-dimensional measurements were made using 3dMD Vultus software to assess canthal tilt, nasolabial angle, ratio of midfacial to lower facial height, and absolute change in nasal length. Presence of an open bite and Angle classification were assessed before and after surgery.
Four patients underwent segmental midface advancement using Le Fort II distraction with zygomatic repositioning. Associated diagnoses included Apert syndrome, Goldenhar syndrome, and achondroplasia. Changes in facial dimensions included: 3.19° improvement in canthal tilt (range −4.7° to 8.4°), 9° change in nasolabial angle (range −1.0° to 19°), and 0.69 cm increase in absolute nasal length (range 0.2–0.94 cm). Mean ratio of midfacial to lower facial height was 0.79 preoperatively and 0.89 postoperatively. Preoperatively, all patients demonstrated Angle class III with 3 of 4 patients demonstrating anterior open bite. All achieved closure of open bite and demonstrated class I or II occlusion. No complications were observed.
Le Fort II distraction with zygomatic repositioning resulted in normalization of midfacial soft tissue landmarks. This form of advancement demonstrates the ability to selectively improve midfacial height and canthal tilt while restoring normal occlusion.
Are the Sensory Fibers of the Ulnar Nerve Affected in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?
Authors: Selek Özgür , Alemdar Murat 
Published: September 2017

Purpose:
Distribution of paresthesia throughout the skin area without median nerve innervation is frequently seen in carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). However, its pathophysiologic mechanisms are still unclear. We aimed to research whether a dysfunction in sensory fibers of the ulnar nerve (UN) was present or not in hands with CTS.

Methods:
Totally, upper extremity nerve conduction study recordings of 508 patients were considered. After exclusions, 331 upper extremity recordings of 277 patients were included. We compared the results of sensory conduction studies of median nerve and UN between normal hands and hands with CTS.

Results:
The mean distal sensory latency of the median nerve was longer, the mean conduction velocity was slower, and mean nerve action potential amplitude was higher in the hands with CTS than in normal hands (P < 0.001 for all comparisons). There was no statistically significant difference on any sensory conduction parameters of UN recorded on digit IV or digit V between the disease and control groups (P > 0.05 for all comparisons). The rates of conduction abnormalities of the UN sensory fibers were also similar in hands with CTS and in normal hands (P > 0.05 for all comparisons).

Conclusions:
The hands with CTS do not have an increased rate of conduction abnormalities of UN sensory fibers compared with the normal hands in our study population. Therefore, our study did not confirm the distortion of UN sensory fibers as a mechanism underlying the spread of paresthesia throughout the skin area without median nerve innervation in CTS.
Interactive Visual Analysis of Mass Cytometry Data by Hierarchical Stochastic Neighbor Embedding Reveals Rare Cell Types
Authors: van Unen Vincent , Höllt Thomas , Pezzotti Nicola , Li Na , Reinders Marcel J. T. , Eisemann Elmar , Koning Frits , Vilanova Anna , Lelieveldt Boudewijn P. F. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMass cytometry allows high-resolution dissection of the cellular composition of the immune system. However, the high-dimensionality, large size, and non-linear structure of the data poses considerable challenges for data analysis. In particular, dimensionality reduction-based techniques like t-SNE offer single-cell resolution but are limited in the number of cells that can be analysed. Here we introduce Hierarchical Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (HSNE) for the analysis of mass cytometry datasets. HSNE constructs a hierarchy of non-linear similarities that can be interactively explored with a stepwise increase in detail up to the single-cell level. We applied HSNE to a study on gastrointestinal disorders and three other available mass cytometry datasets. We found that HSNE efficiently replicates previous observations and identifies rare cell populations that were previously missed due to downsampling. Thus, HSNE removes the scalability limit of conventional t-SNE analysis, a feature that makes it highly suitable for the analysis of massive high-dimensional datasets.
Effects of G2 checkpoint dynamics on the low-dose hyper-radiosensitivity
Authors: Olobatuyi Oluwole , de Vries Gerda , Hillen Thomas 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe develop and analyze a system of differential equations to investigate the effects of G2 checkpoint dynamics on the low-dose hyper-radiosensitivity. In experimental studies, it has been found that certain cell lines are more sensitive to low-dose radiation than would be expected from the classical Linear Quadratic model (LQ model). In fact, it is frequently observed that cells incur more damage at a low dose (say 0.3 Gy) than at higher dose (say 1 Gy). This effect has been termed hyper-radiosensitivity (HRS). The HRS is followed by a period of relative radioresistance (per unit dose) of cell kill over the dose range of ~ 0.5 - 1 Gy. This latter phenomenon is termed increased radioresistance (IRR). These effects depend on the type of cells and on their phase in the cell cycle. Here we focus on the HRS phenomenon by fitting a model for the cell cycle that includes G2-checkpoint dynamics and radiation treatment to surviving fraction data for different cell lines including glioma cells, prostate cancer cells, as well as to cell populations that are enriched in certain phases of the cell cycle. The HRS effect is measured in the literature through, the ratio of slopeαs, of the surviving fraction curve at zero dose to slopeαof the corresponding LQ model. We derive an explicit formula for this ratio and we show that it corresponds very closely to experimental observations. Finally, we can identify the dependence of this ratio on the surviving fraction at 2 Gy. It was speculated in the literature that such a relation exists. Our theoretical analysis will help to more systematically identify the HRS in cell lines and opens doors to analyze its use in cancer treatment.PACS and mathematical subject classification numbers as needed.
SHAMAN: bin-free randomization, normalization and screening of Hi-C matrices
Authors: Mendelson Cohen Netta , Olivares-Chauvet Pedro , Lubling Yaniv , Baran Yael , Lifshitz Aviezer , Hoichman Michael , Tanay Amos 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTGenome wide chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) is used to interrogate contact frequencies among genomic elements at multiple scales and intensities, ranging from high frequency interactions among proximal regulatory elements, through specific long-range loops between insulator binding sites and up to rare and transient cis‐ and trans-chromosomal contacts. Visualization and statistical analysis of Hi-C data is made difficult by the extreme variation in the background frequencies of chromosomal contacts between elements at short and long genomic distances. Here we introduce SHAMAN for performing Hi-C analysis at dynamic scales, without predefined resolution, and while minimizing biases over very large datasets. Algorithmically, we devise a Markov Chain Monte Carlo-like procedure for randomizing contact matrices such that coverage and contact distance distributions are preserved. We combine this strategy with bin-free assessment of contact enrichment using a K-nearest neighbor approach. We show how to use the new method for visualizing contact hotspots and for quantifying differential contacts in matching Hi-C maps. We demonstrate how contact preferences among regulatory elements, including promoters, enhancers and insulators can be assessed with minimal bias by comparing pooled empirical and randomized matrices. Full support for our methods is available in a new software package that is freely available.