bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RISK PROFILES, TRAJECTORIES, AND INTERVENTION POINTS FOR SERIOUS AND CHRONIC YOUNG OFFENDERS
Authors: Corrado Raymond , Freedman Lauren 
Published: June 2016

<p>One of the lesser understood research issues about antisocial onset and persistence is whether there are different patterns of risk factors within the broader identified pathways that require distinctive treatment strategies. This article hypothesizes that there are at least five distinct pathways to persistent antisocial behaviour. The pathways are premised upon the developmental perspective and suggest that the experiences of individuals and their exposure to subsequent risk factors are affected by the earliest risk factors to which the individual is exposed. From a policy perspective, development of these pathways focuses on the goal of preventing antisocial onset, or to reduce the likelihood that behaviours will become progressively antisocial, while concurrently encouraging desistance. A key objective is to inform policy-makers about possible program intervention points for specific sets of risk factors, utilizing programs that have already been identified as successful, and developing new experimental programs.<strong></strong></p>
DELIBERATION MODELS FEATURING YOUTH PARTICIPATION
Authors: Bulling Denise , Carson Lyn , DeKraai Mark , Garcia Alexis , Raisio Harri 
Published: June 2016

<p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">There is a growing trend among developed countries to increase the participation of youth in societal and institutional decision-making. The challenge is to move away from an illusion of participation (tokenism) to genuine youth influence. This article transfers knowledge of a relatively new theory to the fields of youth engagement and community development.<span style="color: #ff0000;"> </span>We pose deliberative democracy as a model to build bridges between youth and decision-makers. This concrete approach offers a platform for youth and adults to engage in a learning process as equal citizens and proactive leaders. <span style="color: #000000;">Deliberative democracy can be understood as an umbrella term for different models of public deliberation. These models attempt to create carefully detailed conditions for increasing the legitimacy of decisions made through deliberation. Deliberative models that feature youth participation include youth juries, dialogue days between young people and decision-makers, and adult-youth participatory forums where the youth voice is usually a minority. </span>We explore the role of relationships, collaboration, and leadership in generating democratic spaces for the inclusion of youth in policy formation and reform.<span style="color: #ff0000;"> </span><span style="color: #000000;">The challenges associated with engaging youth are discussed along with examples of models from Australia, Finland, Canada, and the United States that promote effective youth engagement.</span></span></p>
INTRODUCTION TO THE SPECIAL ISSUE ON TRANSFORMING PRACTICES: EMANCIPATORY APPROACHES TO YOUTH ENGAGEMENT
Authors: Blanchet-Cohen Natasha , Linds Warren , Mann-Feder Varda , Yuen Felice 
Published: June 2016

<p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><strong>Acknowledgements: </strong><span style="font-size: small;">The authors would like to thank the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, the Centre for Human Relations and Community Studies, the Department of Applied Human Sciences, and the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Concordia University for their support. We also wish to express our appreciation to Peggy Herring, our copy editor for the special issue.</span></span><strong></strong></p>
Geometric part of uncertainties in the calculation constant of the primary four electrode conductivity cell.
Authors: Mikhal Alexander , Warsza Zygmunt 
Published: June 2016

The paper presents the construction of a primary four electrode conductivity cell with calculated constant for the Ukrainian primaryÂ standard of electrolytic conductivity (EC). The equations for calculating the cell constant and the error budget for calculating uncertainty are presented. The components of the budget are: errors due to the non-uniformity of the force lines of the electric field; errorsÂ due to the accuracy of measurement standards and measuring instruments for determining length and diameter of the tube; andÂ errors due to manufacturing techniques of tubes and their assemblage. The article considers in detail the errors due to the non-ideal profile of the central part of the tube. Two methods to reduce the standard deviation are given: the method of linear interpolation forÂ compensation of the concave form which occurs along the axis of the tube and the method of equivalent triangles to compensate forÂ deviations from a circle that occur across the axis of the tube.
Intersection of Living in a Rural Versus Urban Area and Race/Ethnicity in Explaining Access to Health Care in the United States
Authors: Caldwell Julia T. , Ford Chandra L. , Wallace Steven P. , Wang May C. , Takahashi Lois M. 
Published: June 2016

Objectives. To examine whether living in a rural versus urban area differentially exposes populations to social conditions associated with disparities in access to health care. Methods. We linked Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (2005–2010) data to geographic data from the American Community Survey (2005–2009) and Area Health Resource File (2010). We categorized census tracts as rural and urban by using the Rural–Urban Commuting Area Codes. Respondent sample sizes ranged from 49 839 to 105 306. Outcomes were access to a usual source of health care, cholesterol screening, cervical screening, dental visit within recommended intervals, and health care needs met. Results. African Americans in rural areas had lower odds of cholesterol screening (odds ratio[OR] = 0.37; 95% confidence interval[CI] = 0.25, 0.57) and cervical screening (OR = 0.48; 95% CI = 0.29, 0.80) than African Americans in urban areas. Whites had fewer screenings and dental visits in rural versus urban areas. There were mixed results for which racial/ethnic group had better access. Conclusions. Rural status confers additional disadvantage for most of the health care use measures, independently of poverty and health care supply.
Willingness to Use Health Insurance at a Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinic: A Survey of Patients at 21 US Clinics
Authors: Pearson William S. , Cramer Ryan , Tao Guoyu , Leichliter Jami S. , Gift Thomas L. , Hoover Karen W. 
Published: June 2016

Objectives. To survey patients of publicly funded sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics across the United States about their willingness to use health insurance for their visit. Methods. In 2013, we identified STD clinics in 21 US metropolitan statistical areas with the highest rates of chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention surveillance reports. Patients attending the identified STD clinics completed a total of 4364 surveys (response rate = 86.6%). Results. Nearly half of the insured patients were willing to use their health insurance. Patients covered by government insurance were more likely to be willing to use their health insurance compared with those covered by private insurance (odds ratio [OR] =  3.60; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.79, 4.65), and patients covered by their parents’ insurance were less likely to be willing to use their insurance compared with those covered by private insurance (OR = 0.72; 95% CI = 0.52, 1.00). Reasons for unwillingness to use insurance were privacy and out-of-pocket cost. Conclusions. Before full implementation of the Affordable Care Act, privacy and cost were barriers to using health insurance for STD services. Public Health Implications. Barriers to using health insurance for STD services could be reduced through addressing issues of stigma associated with STD care and considering alternative payment sources for STD services.
Academic and Social Challenges Facing Students with Developmental and Learning Disabilities in Higher Institutions: Implications to African colleges and universities
Authors: Obiozor Williams Emeka , Onu V C , Ugwoegbu Ifeanyi 
Published: June 2016

African societies have much to learn from the exemplary programs and projects on disabilities, adult literacy and special education provisions in developed societies, like the United States, where effective legislations, curriculum and support services are provided at all levels for individuals with disabilities. This paper discusses the academic and social challenges facing students with developmental and learning disabilities in higher institutions; including available services in institutions of higher learning for such individuals-something that is yet to be introduced or effectively conducted in most African nations unlike in the United States. This paper noted the challenges which developmental and learning disabilities pose to students in general; as well as recognize the potentials, talents, and individual abilities of such students in contemporary institutions of higher learning which could be applicable to African universities and colleges. In this regards, recommendations on understanding student developmental and learning disabilities; application of universal design for learning (UDL), and the institutional roles needed to ensure that such students cope in class and achieve success on campus, were provided.
Dimensão jurídica da loucura e modelos de atenção à saúde mental em Dom Quixote
Authors: Olivo Luis Carlos Cancellier de , Lehmann Leonardo Henrique Marques 
Published: June 2016

Este breve estudo tem como objetivo analisar as questões da dimensão jurídica da loucura e dos modelos de atenção à saúde mental vigentes no passado e na atualidade, com destaque para a repercussão desses modelos no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, realizando-se um paralelo com a forma utilizada por Cervantes para retratar as medidas imaginadas por este autor como caminho para lidar com a loucura de Dom Quixote. Realiza-se também um contraponto entre o Dom Quixote de Cervantes e o de Avellaneda, procurando-se demonstrar a nítida diferença de enfoque entre o autor original e o apócrifo no tocante a política de atenção à saúde mental, transpondo essa diferença para o ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, em suas contradições e em suas dificuldades na implantação de um novo paradigma baseado na cidadania e na liberdade do sujeito.
Uma investigação na retórica: da vulnerabilidade social de Zola à desumanização de Kafka
Authors: Zambrano Virginia 
Published: June 2016

Para os juristas, relacionar o Direito com a Literatura é importante. A conjução destes dois elementos possibilita corroer a dogmática jurídica, dessacralizar e restituir o direito à sua própria medida e à medida da ética. Aquilo que, na verdade, a literatura ensina acerca da estrutura abstratamente codificada do direito é a inexistência de leis gerais na experiência vivida. Disso resulta que as condenações, assim como as absolvições, sejam inevitavelmente imperfeitas: somos todos, de algum modo, culpados, mas também, segundo outra perspectiva, somos todos inocentes. E se os decretos de culpabilidade absoluta mostram-se inadequados nas obras de Proust, Musil e Hofmannsthal, o mesmo ocorre no universo de Kafka e de Zola. A esta primeira desconstrução do direito se acrescenta uma segunda, ainda mais radical, relativa não mais aos seus limites, mas à própria essência do direito. O sistema normativo não consegue classificar em suas categorias uma realidade humana que escapa à ordem preestabelecida, como também faz fronteira com a violência criminal, embora ambiguamente se situe no pólo contrário a ela. Nesse sentido, a intersecção entre direito e literatura ensina que as situações individuais são sempre colocadas naquele caleidoscópio social, cultural, histórico, econômico, que condiciona os nossos atos não menos do que a nossa vontade.
O saber literário e a estereotipação do conhecimento jurídico
Authors: Marin Jeferson Dytz 
Published: June 2016

A pós-modernidade revela um quadro de crise, representado especialmente no vilipêndio ao caráter distintivo-democrático das instituições e dos indivíduos, que poderia ter na diferença um importante propulsor de políticas inclusivas. Esse processo de encapsulamento do conhecimento e de condensação da literatura ampara a sociedade da informação instantânea, que não constitui conhecimento autêntico. A busca de espaços democráticos que viabilizem uma compreensão dialética do conhecimento passa necessariamente pelo rompimento com esse quadro e pela retomada do caráter intelectivo do direito, a partir de uma reaproximação com a literatura.
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Authors: Nogueira Bernardo Gomes Barbosa 
Published: June 2016

The present paper attempts to face the challenge put by the series Sense8, which drives us to reflection about the way we deal with time and to the other people. In this sense, the concepts of Lévinas’ ethic and the contribution of Derrida’s hospitality will help us on the ride along the relationships of the eight main characters of the series. The challenge is to show, starting from a different way of existence perception – quantum physics – which new language possibilities the human relations require in order to achieve to a new ethic existence.
Water/Rock Interaction for Eagle Ford, Marcellus, Green River, and Barnett Shale Samples and Implications for Hydraulic-Fracturing-Fluid Engineering
Authors: Ali Maaz , Hascakir Berna 
Published: June 2016

Summary
Knowledge of water/rock interactions on the surface of fractures is important to develop an understanding of the geological structures and changes within the formation, and to determine hydraulic-fracturing (HF) performance. To obtain this knowledge, this study investigates water/shale interactions in carbonate-rich (Eagle Ford), organic-rich (Green River), clay-rich (Barnett), and other-minerals-rich (Marcellus) shale samples.
Crushed shale samples were exposed to water for 3 weeks at reservoir conditions. The water and rock samples before and after each static experiment were subjected to several analyses. The change in the rock mineralogy was defined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), the elemental composition of rock was determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and the organic content of rock samples was estimated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The water was analyzed for its anions and cations, total dissolved solids (TDS), conductivity, pH, total organic carbon (TOC), and average particle sizes of colloids. The stability of the colloids was characterized by zeta-potential.
We show that Barnett rock is high in illite content, and the greatest calcite concentration is determined for Eagle Ford. The sulfate content of water correlates with the atomic percent of the sulfur and oxygen elements determined through XPS analyses. The magnesium content of water correlates mainly with the illite amount in the rock, and calcium concentration associates with the calcite and gypsum content of the rock samples. The greatest dissolution rate belongs to the minerals that yield sulfate in the water; then, gypsum and calcite that yield calcium cation in the water come second; and the lowest dissolution rates are obtained from the magnesium-containing minerals (mainly, dolomite). TDS of the water samples shows that Green River has the least tendency to interact with water, and Barnett has the greatest tendency. Zeta-potential values indicate that particles in the water that interacted with Eagle Ford have the highest tendency for precipitation.
The results of this study are used to make suggestions on the engineering of hydraulic-fracturing fluids (HFFs) in the context of water/rock interactions by considering the type and the concentration of ions along with colloidal stability determined through zeta-potential measurements.
Effects of Surfactants and Alkalis on the Stability of Heavy-Oil-in-Water Emulsions
Authors: Sun Nana , Jing Jiaqiang , Jiang Huayi , An Yunpeng , Wu Cheng , Zheng Sijia , Qi Hongyuan 
Published: June 2016

Summary
In this work, the effects of combining a surfactant/alkali on the stability of heavy-oil-in-water emulsions are analyzed by use of bottle testing, spinning-drop interfacial-tension (IFT) meters, microscopes, conductivity meters, zeta-potential analyzer Turbiscan laboratory expert stabilizer, and Anton Paar rheometer. The experimental results showed that the formulated surfactant (BS-12 and OP-10) had an optimal mass ratio (1:2), and the water-separation rates initially decreased sharply as the concentrations of the surfactant increased, before decreasing moderately until reaching a minimum value. The formulated alkali solution exerted a positive synergistic effect in tandem with the surfactant at low alkali concentrations. In this way, an increasing number of petroleum soaps are produced by reactions between the alkali solutions and the active components in heavy crude oil. However, the effect was reversed at high alkali concentrations, where the compression of the alkali on the electric double layer was more significant. Images of the emulsions taken with a microscope showed that the sizes of the oil droplets were the smallest when the alkali concentration was 0.2% and mass ratio of NaOH and TEA (triethanolamine) was 1:1, which indicated that the amount of petroleum soap produced reached the maximum at this point. In addition, TEA, as a type of surface-active molecule, can form cross-multiple adsorption and hydrogen-bonding structure with surfactant and petroleum soap at the water/oil interface. When the oil/water ratio was 7:3, the water-separation rate reached its lowest point 5.33% for 3 hours. In addition, the emulsion stabilized by the surfactant and the compositional alkali possesses salt tolerance and temperature resistance. When the concentration of the bivalent salt (CaCl2 and MgCl2) increased to 0.01mol·L−1, the water-separation rate was less than 20%, and when the temperature increased from 30 to 60°C, the growth of back-scattering (BS) value was less than 2%.
SUFI HEALING: TERAPI DALAM LITERATUR TASAWUF
Authors: Syukur Muhammad Amin 
Published: June 2016

<p class="IIABSBARU">This study reveals the Sufi healing, a therapy in the literature of Sufism. This study focuses on behaviors associated with the Sufi healing or prevention of disease, both physically and mentally, and then determines the aspects that support a system of rational and empirical therapy. The result achieved through this research is the discovery of an alternative treatment or prevention of appropriate disease in accordance with the tendency of society in the current era, the digital age. After investigation, it is revealed that Sufi healing is a form of alternative therapy that is done by taking the values of Sufism as a means of treatment or prevention. This model has been known in the community since Islam and Sufism itself evolved. Scientific references about the work system of medicine or healing in this manner, was found in a variety of transpersonal psychology theories, in which consciousness become one focus of the study. Medically, it is also known by the term psycho-neurons- endocrine-immunology, where the conclusion states that there is a relationship between mind and body in the health problems for everyone. In other word, the mind influences health.</p><p class="IKa-ABSTRAK">***</p>Kajian ini mengungkap tentang <em>sufi</em><em> healing</em>, yaitu terapi di dalam literatur tentang sifisme. Kajian ini memfokuskan pada perilaku yang berasosiasi dengan sufi healing atau pencegahan penyakit, baik secara fisik maupun mental, dan kemudian menentukan aspek-aspek yang mendukung sistem terapi rasional dan empirik. Hasil yang diperoleh dari kajian ini adalah penemuan <em>treatment</em> alternatif atau preventif terhadap penyakit secara tepat yang sesuai dengan tuntutan masyarakat saat ini. Ditemukan bahwa sufi healing merupakan bentuk terapi alternatif yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan nilai-nilai sufisme se­bagai cara treatment atau pencegahan. Model ini telah dikenal dalam ma­syarakat sejak Islam dan sufisme berkembang. Rujukan ilmiah dari mengenai sistem kerja peng­obatan­nya dapat ditemukan dalam berbagai teori psikologi transpersonal, di mana kesadaran menjadi fokus kajian. Secara medis, pengobatan ini juga disebut psycho-neurons-endocrine-immunology, yang kesimpulannya adalah adanya hubungan antara fikiran dan tubuh dalam kesehatan manusia,
IMAGINING HELL: A BURKEIAN ANALYSIS OF INDONESIAN RELIGIOUS AFTERLIFE IMAGES
Authors: Suwarno Peter 
Published: June 2016

<p class="IIABSBARU">This paper is not only dealing with depiction of hell (divine punishment) which is very popular depicted by the speech and media news in Indonesia, but also description on meaning, and the possibility on motive behind that description. Applying Burke theory on logology, this paper revealed that the depiction of hell punishment constituted the ritual of purity. Based on the cycle of order, feeling of guilty, redemption through sacrifice to achieve the purity, general depiction on hell are a reflection of the challenges and complexity of legal rules and regulation that exactly will be broken off. This violation of the rule creates a sense of guilty and sin which come out as all the problems and difficulties that the majority of Indonesian must hold – the situation that generates scapegoat. The victims of the scapegoat became the apparent sinners, and the punishment is the sacrifaction which create satisfaction and a sense of clean up.</p><p class="IKa-ABSTRAK">***</p>Tulisan ini tidak hanya untuk membahas penggambaran neraka (hukum­an akhirat) yang sangat populer sebagai­mana digambar­kan dalam pidato dan media di Indonesia, tetapi juga untuk mengungkapkan makna dan kemungkinan motif di balik gam­baran tersebut. Dengan teori logologi Burke, tulisan ini meng­ungkapkan bahwa penggambaran siksaan neraka merupakan ritual pemurni­an. Berdasarkan siklus ke­tertiban, rasa bersalah, pe­nebusan melalui pe­ngorban­an untuk mencapai kemurnian, gambar­an hukum­an di neraka adalah cerminan dari tantangan dan komplek­sitas aturan dan hukum yang pasti akan dilanggar. Pe­langgar­an ini mencipta­kan rasa bersalah dan dosa yang di­wujudkan dalam bentuk semua masalah dan kesulitan bahwa mayoritas penduduk Indonesia harus tahan-situasi yang me­nimbulkan kambing hitam. Para korban yang me­rupakan kam­bing hitam menjadi orang berdosa ter­kutuk, yang hukumannya me­rupakan sebuah pengorban­an, men­ciptakan kepuasan dan rasa dibersihkan.
Understanding Practice and Institutions: A Historical Perspective
Authors: Watts Ross L. , Zuo Luo 
Published: June 2016

SYNOPSIS
This paper explains how and why Anglo-American accounting and auditing, along with corporate governance and capital markets, evolved over many centuries in response to changes in market forces and technology. We first trace the development of practices that were included in U.S. corporate governance (including accounting and auditing) before the 1930s. We then describe the nature and effect of the increase in U.S. regulation from the 1930s and the development of fair value accounting. Finally, we give an assessment of the current state of accounting, auditing, and corporate governance. Our historical accounts suggest that the approach to accounting and financial reporting is more consistent with stewardship (care of net assets) than an attempt to value the firm, and that conservatism (prudence) is a critical information control and governance mechanism. We echo the U.K. Financial Reporting Council's call on standard setters to reintroduce an explicit reference to conservatism (prudence) into the Conceptual Framework for financial reporting.
JEL Classifications: M41; M42; M48; N20.