bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of relative electron ionization cross‐sections for some oxides and oxyacid salts
Authors: Lopatin Sergey I. , Shugurov Sergey M. , Panin Andrej I. , Vasil'eva Evgenia A. 
Published: July 2017

RationaleThe total or relative cross‐sections for the ionization of polyatomic molecules by electron ionization are essential data in a wide range of applications. In addition to the total ionization cross‐sections, relative ionization cross‐sections are sometimes also required. Accurate values of electron ionization cross‐sections of high‐temperature vapor species are of importance in mass spectrometric investigations. So the need for experimental ionization cross‐section data for high‐temperature vapor species is vital.MethodsMeasurements were performed by high‐temperature Knudsen effusion mass spectrometry with a MS‐1301 mass spectrometer. Vaporization was carried out using molybdenum or tungsten effusion cells containing samples of pure Au and CeO2. The vapor compositions over the CeO2‐Mo and CeO2‐W systems were determined by Knudsen effusion mass spectrometry. The method of ion currents comparison was used to measure partial pressures. The enthalpies of the reactions under study were calculated using the third law procedure.ResultsThe standard formation enthalpies of cerium molybdates and tungstates were determined from the relative ionization cross‐sections of molybdenum, tungstate, cerium, and cerium salts. Cross‐sections were calculated by different methods: simple adding atomic cross‐sections with correction factor, using known ratios of complex ions, adding oxide cross sections. The traditional approach to determination of ionization cross‐sections exploiting the values of atomic cross‐sections and the additivity rules as well as literature experimental data was used.ConclusionsThe enthalpies of formation of gaseous cerium molybdates and tungstates were evaluated by measurements of the reaction enthalpies for several independent reactions. The best agreement was obtained with the data from the analysis of experimentally determined relative ionization cross‐sections, and using ionization cross‐sections of polyatomic molecules recommended by Drowart et al. The widely used additivity method, in spite of the additional corrections introduced, gives the worst convergence of the values under consideration.
Robust adaptive fault‐tolerant control of dynamic positioning vessel with position reference system faults using backstepping design
Authors: Yu Wen‐Zhao , Xu Hai‐Xiang , Feng Hui 
Published: July 2017

SummaryThis paper presents a solution to guarantee a fault‐tolerant control (FTC) of dynamic positioning (DP) vessel in the presence of the position reference system (PRS) faults by using the backstepping technique. The faults modes of PRS are modeled as an additive uncertainty in the feedback loop of the DP control system, and the bounds of the additive uncertainty are unknown. Through estimating online the unknown bounds on the basis of the designed adaptive mechanism, the robust adaptive fault‐tolerant controller (RAFTC), which takes the faulty PRS measurements as the inputs, is proposed rather than detecting and isolating them. Moreover, the developed RAFTC is proved by applying Lyapunov stability theory that the closed‐loop DP control system is uniformly bounded and the tracking error can be converged to zero asymptotically despite of the PRS failures. A simulation scenario on an offshore supply vessel model is provided to validate the effectiveness of the designed RAFTC, and the results show that the RAFTC has better performance and robustness compared with the ordinary fine‐tuned adaptive backstepping controller.
Pedagogical content knowledge of experts and novices—what knowledge do they activate when analyzing science lessons?
Authors: Krepf Matthias , Plöger Wilfried , Scholl Daniel , Seifert Andreas 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn the current debate on pedagogical content knowledge (PCK), the term is used to refer to the context‐specific knowledge that teachers activate when reflecting on practice. Against the background of this debate, we conducted an empirical study and sought to answer the question of which knowledge experts and novices activated in assessing a videotaped lesson in relation to its effectiveness for learning. Our assumption was that the participants activate their PCK as a blending of content knowledge (CK) and pedagogical knowledge (PK) as suggested by Shulman's amalgam thesis. The participants (9 experts and 9 novices) were shown a lesson on optics, in which the law of refraction (Snell's law) was being studied. In a subsequent interview, the participants were asked to analyze the observed lesson. A qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the interviews showed that experts activated both CK and PK intensively and in this respect they differed significantly from novices. Further analysis of the expert statements also proved that they do not activate their CK and PK in isolation, but instead combine both kinds of knowledge together, in line with Shulman's amalgam thesis. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 55: 44–67, 2018
Accuracy of saline contrast sonohysterography in detection of endometrial polyps and submucosal leiomyomas in women of reproductive age with abnormal uterine bleeding: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Bittencourt C. A. , dos Santos Simões R. , Bernardo W. M. , Fuchs L. F. P. , Soares Júnior J. M. , Pastore A. R. , Baracat E. C. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze the diagnostic accuracy of two‐ (2D) and three‐ (3D) dimensional saline contrast sonohysterography (SCSH) in the detection of endometrial polyps and submucosal uterine leiomyomas in women of reproductive age with abnormal uterine bleeding compared with gold standard hysteroscopy.MethodsA systematic review of diagnostic studies that compared 2D‐ and/or 3D‐SCSH with hysteroscopy and anatomopathology was conducted according to PRISMA and SEDATE recommendations. The databases MEDLINE, EMBASE and The Cochrane Library were searched electronically using specific terms with no restriction on language or publication year. Quality assessment of included studies was performed using the QUADAS‐2 tool. Meta‐analysis was performed with the Meta‐DiSk program and data presented as forest plots and summary receiver–operating characteristics (SROC) curves. Pooled sensitivity, specificity and positive (LR+) and negative (LR–) likelihood ratios of SCSH in the detection of uterine cavity abnormalities were calculated.ResultsA total of 1398 citations were identified and five studies were included in the systematic review and meta‐analysis. Pooled sensitivity and specificity of 2D‐SCSH in detecting endometrial polyps were 93% (95% CI, 89–96%) and 81% (95% CI, 76–86%), respectively, with pooled LR+ of 5.41 (95% CI, 2.60–11.28) and LR– of 0.10 (95% CI, 0.06–0.17). In the detection of submucosal uterine leiomyomas, pooled sensitivity and specificity were 94% (95% CI, 89–97%) and 81% (95% CI, 76–86%), respectively, with pooled LR+ of 4.25 (95% CI, 2.20–8.21) and LR– of 0.11 (95% CI, 0.05–0.22). 2D‐SCSH had good accuracy in detecting endometrial polyps and submucosal uterine leiomyomas, with areas under the SROC curves of 0.97 ± 0.02 and 0.97 ± 0.03, respectively. Studies that analyzed the diagnostic accuracy of 3D‐SCSH could not be compared due to high heterogeneity related to menopausal status, type of technique used and primary outcome being investigation of infertility.Conclusions2D‐SCSH proved to be a highly sensitive method for detection of endometrial polyps and submucosal uterine leiomyomas, making it a potential first‐line diagnostic method in the work‐up for women with abnormal uterine bleeding. More studies are needed on 3D‐SCSH in women of reproductive age. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
NNLO QCD corrections to jet production in deep inelastic scattering
Authors: Currie James , Gehrmann Thomas , Huss Alexander , Niehues Jan 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Hadronic jets in deeply inelastic electron-proton collisions are produced by the scattering of a parton from the proton with the virtual gauge boson mediating the interaction. The HERA experiments have performed precision measurements of inclusive single jet production and di-jet production in the Breit frame, which provide important constraints on the strong coupling constant and on parton distributions in the proton. We describe the calculation of the next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) QCD corrections to these processes, and assess their size and impact. A detailed comparison with data from the H1 and ZEUS experiments highlights that inclusive single jet production displays a better perturbative convergence than di-jet production. We also observe that the event selection cuts in some of the di-jet measurements of both H1 and ZEUS induce an infrared sensitivity that destabilises the perturbative stability of the predictions. Our results open up new opportunities for QCD precision studies with jet production observables in deep inelastic scattering.
Transcriptomic responses involved in enhanced production of hypocrellin A by addition of Triton X-100 in submerged cultures of Shiraia bambusicola
Authors: Lei Xiu Yun , Zhang Ming Ye , Ma Yan Jun , Wang Jian Wen 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The addition of surfactant is a useful strategy to enhance the product yield in submerged fermentation process. In this study, we sought to explore the mechanism for the elicitation of Triton X-100 on production of hypocrellin A (HA) in cultures of Shiraia bambusicola through transcriptomic analysis. Triton X-100 at 2.5% (w/v) not only induced HA biosynthesis in mycelia, but also stimulated the release of HA into the medium. We found 23 of 2463 transcripts, possible candidate genes for HA biosynthesis under Triton X-100 induction. Gene ontology (GO) analysis showed Triton X-100 treatment changed expression of genes involved in transmembrane transport and oxidation–reduction process, indicating that enhanced HA production was mainly due to both elicited biosynthesis in mycelium and the increased membrane permeability for HA release. These data provided new insights into elicitation of surfactants in submerged cultures of fungi.
Morphology of Upper and Lower Bainite with 0.7 Mass Pct C
Authors: Yin Jiaqing , Hillert Mats , Borgenstam Annika 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
There has been an on-going discussion on the difference in formation mechanisms of upper and lower bainite. Various suggestions have been supported by reference to observed morphologies and illustrated with idealized sketches of morphologies. In order to obtain a better basis for discussions about the difference in mechanism, the morphology of bainite in an Fe-C alloy with 0.7 mass pct carbon was now studied in some detail from 823 K to 548 K (550 °C to 275 °C) at temperature intervals of 50 K or less. The work focused on bainite seen to start from a grain boundary in the plane of polish and showing an advancing tip in the remaining austenite. The results indicate that there is no essential difference with temperature regarding the ferritic skeleton of feathery bainite. The second stage of bainite formation, which involves the formation of both ferrite and cementite, was regarded as a eutectoid transformation and the resulting morphologies were analyzed in terms of two modes, degenerate and cooperative eutectoid transformation. There was no sharp difference between upper and lower bainite. Ways to define the difference were discussed.
Modeling of Source Parameters and Moment Tensors of Local Earthquakes Occurring in the Eastern Indian Shield
Authors: Biswas Koushik , Mandal Prantik 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT
Earthquake source parameters and crustal Q are being estimated simultaneously through the inversion of S-wave displacement spectra from three-component recordings of ten local cratonic intraplate earthquakes from 3-6 broadband stations in the eastern Indian shield, wherein, an iterative Levenberg-Marquardt inversion technique is used. The estimated seismic moment (Mo) and source radii (r) vary from 7.4 x 1012 to 7.1 x 1014 N-m and 144.2 to 211.3 m, respectively, while estimated stress drops (Δσ) and multiplicative factor (Emo) values range from 0.11 to 4.13 MPa and 1.33 to 2.16, respectively. The corner frequencies range from 6.23 to 8.62 Hz while moment magnitudes vary from 2.44 to 3.57. The radiated seismic energy and apparent stresses range from 8.3 x 106 to 2.0 x 1010 Joules and 0.06 to 0.94 MPa, respectively, wherein the estimated corner frequencies and seismic moment satisfy the relation Mo ∞ fc−(3+ε) for ε = 12.7. Thus, the source scaling of these events clearly deviates from the self-similarity i.e. f−3. Estimated Zuniga parameters reveal that all selected events satisfy the partial stress drop model, which is in good agreement with the global observations. Our estimated crustal S-wave quality factors vary from 1091 to 4926 with an average of 3006, suggesting a less heterogeneous crustal structure underlying the study region. We also perform moment tensor inversion of five selected local events using ISOLA software, which reveals that the dominant deformation mode for the eastern Indian shield is left-lateral strike slip motion with minor normal dip-slip component on an almost vertical plane. This observation suggests that neotectonic vertical movements might have played a key role in generating these earthquakes. Our modeling also depicts that the seismically mildly active Singhbhum shear zone and Eastern Ghats mobile belt are characterized by the left-lateral strike motion while two events in the Chotanagpur half graben belt suggest a normal dip-slip motion along a south dipping plane. A north-south orientation of P-axis is found to be dominant in the area, which is consistent with the prevailing north–south compression over the Indian plate.
Petrological Considerations for the Demineralization of Rajmahal Coals with Pseudomonas mendocina B6-1
Authors: Singh Prakash K. , Singh Asha Lata , Kumar Aniruddha , Singh Mahendra P. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT
The present study entails the results of the petrological coniderations for demineralization of Rajmahal Gondwana coals with Psudomonas mendocina B6-1. Inertinite group macerals are the dominant constituents of these coals, followed by vitrinite group, while liptinite occurs in low concentration. The amount of Mineral matter is moderately high. The concentration of major, minor and trace elements is high when compared with Clarke values. After the treatment of these coals with Pseudomonas mendocina strain B6-1, a significant reduction in the elemental content of oxygen, hydrogen and sulphur was observed. A gradual reduction of pyrite phase due to bioleaching was identified and its signatures were reflected in the XRD spectra and FTIR absorption bands. Over 5 % reduction in the ash content and decrease of major, minor and trace element to variable degrees were also noticed. Fe, As, and Ca positively correlate with the ash removal percentage indicating that the samples with high concentration of these elements were prone to demineralization with Pseudomonas mendocina strain B6-1 whereas Ni, Zn, Cr and Cu, negatively correlate with the ash removal percentage and shows that their enrichment impeded the process of demineralization. With increasing concentration of vitrinite the removal of major/minor/trace elements also increased which is attributed to the possible association of these elements with the mineral matter occurring as superficial mounting and superficial blanketing over the vitrinite macerals. This could facilitate the bacterial access to the elements to act upon and remove it to the variable extent. Some minerals occur intergrown with inertinites causing restricted bacterial action owing to the non-exposure of the mineral particles and less surface area available to the bacteria for bioleaching. Sulfur removal strongly relates with increase in inertinite content and decrease in liptinite content. This appears that sulfur associated with liptinites have shown difficult removal condition. The maximum removal of the trace elements like Cd, Cu, Co, Zn and Pb was observed from the ‘banded dull coal’ samples of the Rajmahal basin while maximum removal of major/minor elements like Fe, Ca and Mg was noticed from the ‘banded bright coal’ samples. However, maximum removal of Mn and As was also observed in the samples of ‘banded coal’.
Groundwater Management Scenarios for the Biyadh-Wasia Aquifer Systems in the Eastern Part of Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alfaifi Hussain J. , Abdelfatah Mohammed S. , Abdelrahman Kamal , Zaidi Faisal K. , Ibrahim Elkhedr , Alarifi Nassir S. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT
Groundwater stored in the deep seated sedimentary aquifers is the most important source of water supply. The lack of sufficient groundwater recharge and the overdependence on groundwater might lead to unavailability of this precious natural resource if proper management practices are not adopted. Finite difference modelling using the MODFLOW program was carried out in the east of Riyadh city to simulate the groundwater level conditions under different abstraction scenarios. The simulated aquifer system combines the Wasia and Biyadh aquifer (composed of sandstone) and Aruma aquifer (limestone) which lies between 24°30’00”-25°30’00” N and longitudes 47°00’00”-48°00’00”E. The transmissivity and storage coefficient values of Biyadh aquifer are 7.0x10−3 to 7.0x10−2 m2/day and 3.7x10−4 to 9.4x10−4 respectively. The transmissivity and storage coefficient values of Wasia aquifer ranges from 6.7x10-3 to 8.5x10-2 m2/day and 2x10−4 to 2.3x10−4 respectively. The model calibration involved altering the values of model input parameters to match field conditions within certain acceptable limits to forecast the aquifer response over a period of 35 years (2015-2050). The modelling grid consisted of 20 and 24 columns with the grids spacing of 4 km for the small grids and 6 km for large grids. The results showed that though the Wasia aquifer was productive, it showed a large decline in water levels if water abstraction continued at the present rate. If the existing trends of groundwater withdraw continues; the piezometric heads in Wasia and Biyadh aquifers will decline by the year 2050. A reduction in 25% of the existing groundwater pumping rate in the well field will minimize the rate of groundwater decline in the aquifer to a considerable extent.
NORM Analysis of the Reservoir Sand Section in the Dorado Natural Gas Discovery, Mannar Basin Offshore Sri Lanka
Authors: Ratnayake R. M. T. S. , Gamage Shantha S. N. , Senadhira A. M. A. D. M. , Weerasinghe D. A. , Waduge V. A. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT
Oil and Gas production always ties with drawing out of naturally-occurring radionuclides deposited beneath the earth, which are referred to as “NORM”. Understanding the prevailing background levels of these elements in the sub-surface reservoir rock formations will be beneficial to all stakeholders, more importantly to regulatory authorities of the country.
The drill cutting samples from 5 m sampling intervals of natural gas reservoir sand section in the depth range 3025m to 3095m from deep water exploratory well “CLPL-Dorado 91 H/1z” drilled in the Mannar basin offshore Sri Lanka were tested in the laboratory using high-resolution Gamma-ray detectors.
Test results revealed that the activity concentration of 40K, 210Pb,226Ra and 232Th levels and the calculated outdoor annual effective dose rate varies between considerably lower range when compared with the global standard limits.
NORM concentration ranges of the sedimentary rocks within the tested section were recorded on the lower side, when the test results compared with the International Atomic Energy Agency published data on NORM concentration ranges of the sedimentary rocks found elsewhere in the world. Study results proved that there is no harmful public exposure of NORM by disposing these drill cuttings to environment or storing at any site location as it is. Also, it can be predicted that there will be very low level of NORM contaminations occur, if Dorado reservoir taken in to the production stage and well operations conducted with proper solid control mechanisms in future.
Stability Analysis and Remedial Measures of a Landslip at Keifang, Mizoram – A Case Study
Authors: Sarkar Shantanu , Samanta Manojit 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT
Landslips are often triggered due to non-engineered excavation of potential unstable slopes. Such slips can be stabilized by implementing suitable remedial measures. A landslip occurred at a drilling site of Oil India Limited in Mizoram State due to slope excavation. There was an immediate concern to protect the slope as the drilling platform and the highway at the top of the slope are at risk if further landslide occurs in future. Slope stability analysis of the failed slope was carried out to design suitable control measures for the protection of the slope from further sliding. Slope stability using various methods indicated that the slope is marginally stable. To improve the stability of the slope, suitable retaining structure at the toe of the slope was suggested and designed. Stability analysis performed with inclusion of retaining wall showed a significant increase in factor of safety of the slope. The suggested remedial measure has been implemented at the site and there is no landslip reported since then. The paper presents the results of the slope stability analysis and the design details of the retaining structure prescribed as the protection measure.
Magnetic and Radiometric Signatures over a Proterozoic Massive Sulfide Setting of Northern Fringe of Dalma Volcanics, Eastern India: An implication to Metallogeny
Authors: Yadav Pramod Kumar , Adhikari P. K. , Shalivahan  , Tripathi Anurag , Singh Shailendra , Singh Roshan K. , Bage Ashish K. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT
Magnetic and radiometric surveys were carried out over a felsic dominated rifted margin of Proterozoic volcanic terrain of a mobile belt in the eastern India. The studies were made in blocks I and II of 0.65 sq km and 0.70 sq km respectively over a previously identified conductor in the northern fringe of Dalma Volcanics (DVs). In general, both the blocks show high magnetic signature associated with sulfide mineralisation. The interpretation of magnetic data suggests that nature of the causative source is mainly horizontal cylinder in both the blocks. The depth to the top of the causative source is about 25 m in both the blocks and extends upto 60 m in block I and 40m in block II. Gamma count rate exhibits about a factor of two to three enhancements above the field background for both the blocks. The obtained iso-rad maps are similar to uranium and copper belt in the Singhbhum shear zone south of the study area. The anomalous radiometric signature of the residual soil/rock of the area indicates towards hydrothermal alteration. The detailed magnetic surveys and preliminary iso-rads results seems quite encouraging and may be attributed to VMS setting in the area and potential sulfide mineralisation with uranium mineral association in the DVs province.