bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background from Cosmological Neutrino-dominated Accretion Flows
Authors: Wei Yun-Feng , Liu Tong 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We investigate the stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) from neutrino-dominated accretion flows (NDAFs) based on the results of our fallback core-collapse supernova (CCSN) simulations. We find that the predicted SGWB is mainly determined by the typical CCSN initial explosion energy and progenitor metallicity. For the optimistic cases in which the typical initial explosion energy is low, the SGWB from NDAFs without disk outflows might be detected by next-generation space-based interferometers such as DECi-hertz Interferometer Gravitational wave Observatory and Big Bang Observer. In the low-frequency regime ∼10−3–10−1 Hz, this background is comparable to that expected from standard inflationary models. Therefore, the SGWB from NDAFs may become a foreground for research of the SGWB generated in the inflationary epoch. Combining the diffuse NDAF neutrino background and SGWB from NDAFs, one may constrain the properties of the CCSNe and NDAFs.
Effectiveness of Metaverse-Based Collaborative Learning in Nursing Education: A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Yoo Hye Jin , Ryu Hyeongju , Lee Hyeongsuk 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Collaborative learning is an educational method widely used in nursing education that involves learners solving problems through teamwork. This study investigated the effects of using a metaverse virtual space for collaborative learning among nursing students.

Method:

A nonequivalent control group posttest design was used, and focus group interviews were conducted. This mixed-methods study included second-year nursing students (
n
= 43) divided into two groups. The intervention group used metaverse methods for the group projects and the control group used traditional methods.

Results:
Satisfaction with collaborative learning and peer evaluation of team projects were significantly higher in the intervention group compared with the control group. Participants' learning experiences were categorized into “unwelcome changes in the learning environment,” “discovering the potential of a learning environment that encourages participation,” and “tips for building a metaverse learning environment.”

Conclusion:

Metaverse collaborative learning is a student-centered educational approach that fosters active interaction and addresses the shortcomings of traditional approaches.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2024;63(9):585–593.]
Pancreatitis in children: Experience in a tertiary care medical college hospital
Authors: Rashmi N. , Nikitha P. , Ravi M. D. , Jagadish Kumar K. 
Published: September 2024

Background: Acute, acute recurrent and chronic pancreatitis cause significant health problems in the paediatric population. In view of the small number of patients, it is difficult to evaluate outcomes, genetic causes, treatments, prognostic indicators, severity, and epidemiologic factors in childhood in a prospective way. Objectives: To determine the characteristics of patients with pancreatitis (acute, chronic and recurrent) presenting to us. Method: This was a retrospective descriptive study of consecutive paediatric patients admitted between January 2017 and December 2020 (4 years) in our paediatric department with a diagnosis of pancreatitis. Patient characteristics, laboratory and imaging results, identified aetiology of pancreatitis, and recurrence rates were recorded and evaluated.Results: There were 34 visits, of which 28 were for acute pancreatitis (including 3 with acute on chronic pancreatitis), and 6 for an episode of recurrent pancreatitis. The median age for all visits was 9 years (range 2-16). Of the acute cases, 14 had uncertain or undetermined aetiologies, 3 had systemic diseases, 2 were associated with medications, most common being valproic acid, 3 were cholelithiasis-related, 5 were due to other infections and one was due to trauma; one child with 3 recurrent episodes was suspected to have a genetic basis and 1 child was diagnosed to have Rapunzel syndrome (trichobezoar). There were five patients with chronic pancreatitis, of which 3 had acute on chronic pancreatitis.Conclusions: Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, fever and jaundice were the common clinical presentations of acute pancreatitis in children. The common aetiological factors identified were infections (18%), systemic illness (11%), drug induced (7%) and obstructive/ cholelithiasis (7%); in 46% the aetiology was unknown.
Hysteroscopic Retrieval of Intrauterine Retained Fetal Bones Causing Infertility in a Tertiary Teaching Hospital: A Case Series
Authors: Adewole Adebayo A. , Owa Olorunfemi O. , Musa Abdulkarim O. , Mohammed Umoru F. , Olayinka Amode , Nzurumike Charles N. , Alabi Olatunde O. , Ododo Benard I. , Fadahunsi Olufunke O. , Fadahunsi Oluwaseyi O. , Awelimobor Daniel I. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
Retained fetal bone is a rare complication of unsafe abortion, causing infertility by functioning similarly to an intrauterine device. Clinical and radiological evaluation may be inconclusive. Hysteroscopic evaluation is the gold-standard diagnostic and therapeutic procedure associated with fertility restoration.

Materials and Methods:
Out of 300 hysteroscopies performed from September 22, 2015, to September 21, 2022, six cases of retained fetal bones were identified.

Results:
The incidence was 2.0%. The age range was 26 to 44 years. Five out of six were nulliparous, and all women had a previous history of unsafe abortion. The gestational age at the previous abortion ranged from 12 to 24 weeks. The fetal bones were completely removed in all cases. Two out of six cases (33.3%) had favourable outcomes with spontaneous conception and live births.

Conclusion:
Retained fetal bone is a rare cause of infertility associated with diagnostic challenges, especially in low-resource settings. However, the removal of the fetal bone with hysteroscopy can restore fertility.
Isolated Lateral Pelvic Lymph Node Recurrence after Polypectomy for Malignant Rectal Polyp: A Case Report
Authors: Chu Chun-Ho , Liu Yi-Hsin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Due to fecal occult blood screening, more patients undergo endoscopic polypectomy for T1 rectal cancer. Active surveillance is more favorable for patients with a low risk of lymph node metastasis. In general, lymph node metastases occur in the mesorectum or alongside the inferior mesenteric artery. The incidence of lateral pelvic lymph node (LPLN) metastasis in patients with T1 rectal cancer is very low. We experienced a case of LPLN recurrence 42 months after polypectomy for T1 lower rectal cancer. There are no guidelines for treating patients with isolated LPLN metastatic recurrence. Lateral lymph node dissection can be performed with curative intent. Adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy are reasonable.
Adenosine-induced Profound Hypotension in Facilitating Intracranial Aneurysm Clipping – Our Institutional Experience
Authors: Bose Manikandan , Pravallika A. , Manoharan Ganesh Kumar , Prasad R. J. V. V. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Adenosine-induced transient hypotension and temporary cardiac asystole are one of the novel techniques for facilitating aneurysm clipping. Till now, extensive studies have been done and no major complications are notified. However, there is no standardised safe dose mentioned in the literature. Here, we share our experience with adenosine in intracranial aneurysm clipping in our institution.

Methodology:
A total of 15 cases have been studied where adenosine is used in variable dosage to attain required transient hypotension and cardiac asystole. The bolus dosage, duration of hypotension and asystole and post-operative complications are noted.

Results:
Adenosine dosage of 0.5 mg/kg was used to achieve necessary hypotension and thus facilitating aneurysm clipping. No significant complications are observed at this dose of adenosine.

Conclusion:
A bolus of adenosine can allow a transient asystole with temporary hypotension that decompresses the aneurysm sac and improves visualisation without the negative effects of prolonged hypotension and thus facilitating aneurysm clipping. We could achieve the required duration of asystole and hypotension with 0.5 mg/kg of adenosine without any notable complications.
Role of Continuous Cisternal Drainage in Addition to Cisternostomy in the Surgical Management of Ruptured Aneurysms - A Retrospective Analysis of Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Manoharan Ganesh Kumar , Prasad R. J. V. V. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Subarachnoid haemorrhage is the major factor in morbidity and mortality following aneurysm ruptures. Thick subarachnoid haemorrhage in cisternal spaces increases risk of vasospasm, delayed cerebral ischaemia and incidence of hydrocephalus following surgery. Continuous cisternal drainage in addition to opening of basal cisterns during clipping of aneurysm helps in continuous drainage of cisternal blood thus improving the clinical outcome.

Materials and Methods:
We conducted a retrospective review of 50 consecutive cases of ruptured aneurysms treated by microsurgical clipping between January 2020 and February 2023. Patients were stratified into two groups: Group 1 included patients with only cisternostomy (opening all the cisterns around major vessels) and Group 2 included patients with additional continuous cisternal drainage (CCD). We compared their baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes.

Results:
There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of epidemiological characteristics, WFNS score, Fisher’s scale and presence of intraventricular haemorrhage. Patients in group two (cisternostomy with continuous cisternal drainage) showed less incidence of vasospasm and hydrocephalus.

Conclusion:
Cisternostomy with continuous cisternal drainage (CCD) allows the effective removal of subarachnoid blood, thereby reducing vasospasm, arachnoid inflammation and fibrosis.
Age Estimation Using Single-Rooted Teeth of Indian Residents by Modified Kvaal’s Method: A Pilot Study
Authors: Jose Deepa , Mane Deepa R , Varghese Soma Susan , Mathews Pramod Philip , Sebastian Joseph 
Published: September 2024

Background:
This study aimed to create an age estimation formula with high sensitivity and specificity using the modified Kvaal’s dental radiographic method. The parameters for age estimation were assessed by measuring the length and width of tooth, root, and pulp with the help of a stereomicroscope and digital image analysis.

Materials and Methods:
Only single-rooted noncarious teeth were included. A total of 203 samples of teeth, with an age ranging from 15 to 85 years, were collected, of which only 123 samples were included in the study. Images of vertically sectioned teeth specimens were captured under a stereomicroscope (version SZ-790, ×10 mm eyepiece), and parameters were measured using Adobe Photoshop.

Results:
Karl Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to correlate age with the dental parameters, and step-wise regression analysis was used to derive the age estimation formula. A significant correlation of age with pulp length and root and pulp width having P < 0.001 was observed, and an age estimation formula with a standard estimation error of 14 could be derived.

Conclusion:
Kvaal’s parameter in extracted single-rooted tooth showed a better reliability and reproducibility in age estimation. Further studies with a larger sample size and tooth-specific formula using principal component analysis should be considered to validate the accuracy of the present result.
A Retrospective Study to Evaluate the Morphometry of the Foramen Magnum and its Role In Forensic Science in a Nigerian Population of Delta State
Authors: Ominde Beryl Shitandi , Igbigbi Patrick Sunday 
Published: September 2024

Background:Sexual dimorphism of the foramen magnum has increased its interest in forensic science. Gender determination is an important preliminary step in the identification of unknown skeletal remains. This study aimed at determining the dimensions of the foramen magnum in Delta State Nigeria and their role in gender discrimination.Materials and Methods:We retrospectively analyzed computed tomographic images of 336 patients (199 males and 137 females) aged ≥18 years, archived in the Radiology Department of a Teaching Hospital in Nigeria. Ethical approval was granted by the hospital's ethical board. The length, width, and area of the foramen magnum were measured and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software version 23. We used an independentt-test and analysis of variance to evaluate the association of these dimensions with sex and age, respectively. The percentage accuracy of sex discrimination and the association between variables were assessed using discriminant functional analysis and Pearson's correlation test correspondingly. The results were considered significant atP< 0.05.Results:The foramen magnum length, width, and area showed a statistically significant gender difference (P< 0.05). The width was the best sex discriminating variable (64.3%) and the overall accuracy of correct sex allocation using all the variables was 75%. All the parameters measured showed a significant strong positive correlation with each other (0.5 ≤ r < 1,P< 0.05).Conclusion:The foramen magnum length width and area were sexually dimorphic. Their high overall accuracy (75%) in gender discrimination implies that they may collectively be utilized in the sex estimation of unknown skulls in Delta State Nigeria.
The Trend of Homicides in South Kerala from 2002-2016
Authors: Dileeph Nikhil , Sharija S. , Stanley Antony , Valsala K. , Sujisha S. S. , Prabhakaran Nikita 
Published: September 2024

Aims:
The aim was to analyze the homicide pattern in South Kerala from autopsies conducted between 2002 and 2016.

Objectives:
Exploring the age and gender distribution of death due to homicide, the type and distribution of injuries according to the region of the body, and trends of homicide. We also tried to study the pattern of defense wounds in homicidal cases and characteristics in dyadic deaths (homicide-suicide).

Materials and Methods:
It was a retrospective descriptive study. The setting was the Department of Forensic Medicine, State Medico-Legal Institute, Government Medical College (GMC), Thiruvananthapuram. All cases of autopsies with an alleged history of homicide, between 2002 and 2016, done at Mortuary of GMC, Thiruvananthapuram, were included in the study. Records of all cases of an alleged history of homicide from January 1, 2002 to December 31, 2016 were perused.

Results:
957 cases were analyzed. The annual incidence of homicide is declining after 2012. Young adult males (31–40 years) are the most common group involved (24.97%). Head injury was the most common cause of death (43.68%). The head was the most common area to be affected in fatal blunt force injuries (49%) while the chest was involved commonly in fatal sharp force injuries (36%). Females were more often the homicide victims in murder-suicides. Husband–wife and father–child combination was the most common pairs in dyadic deaths.

Conclusion:
The characteristics which were associated with the homicides were generally in agreement with the existing forensic literature. The findings encourage examining the motives of homicide and potential sociocultural factors affecting the victims and possibly the assailants. We also found that the murder-suicide cases differed from the homicides requiring a separate domain of understanding and subsequent investigations.
Morphometric and Volumetric Evaluation of Maxillary Sinus as an Aid in Sex Identification in Forensic Odontology – A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study
Authors: Ceena Denny E. , Bhoraskar Mohana , Natarajan Srikant , Binnal Almas , Bastian T. S. 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Various methods are used in forensic odontology for the purpose of sex and personal identification. Some of them include cheiloscopy, rugoscopy, mandibular measurements, and study of paranasal sinuses. In our study, we have used maxillary sinus as an aid in sex identification. For this purpose, we have evaluated the morphometric and volumetric measurements of the maxillary sinus using a 3-Dimensional imaging modality, Cone Beam Computed Tomography.

Aims and Objectives:
Sex and age identification are important in the process of identification of both the living and the dead. Hence, this transverse retrospective study was done to appraise the precision of the dimensions and volume of the maxillary sinus to aid in sex and age identification.

Material and Methods:
Eighty full Field of View (FOV) Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images were retrieved from the archives which were matched with age and sex. The maxillary sinuses on either side were measured mediolaterally in the axial section and supero-inferiorly in the coronal section. The volumetric analysis of the sinus was done in the sagittal section. The sex was classified using discriminant function analysis and the differences were compared using independent t-test. The differences with age were analyzed using one-way ANOVA.

Results:
Independent t-test was done for comparison of the sinuses between both sexes. Maxillary sinuses measurements were larger among the males both superior-inferiorly on either side (P <0.001) and mediolaterally on the right (P <0.049) showed statistically significant values. A significant correlation existed while comparing the maxillary sinus volume among both the sexes on either side (P <0.001 and <0.002 in the case of right and left respectively). On comparing the supero-inferior and mediolateral measurements and the maxillary sinus volume on either side among the various age groups, the values were statistically insignificant. Present study shows that the maxillary sinus measurements using Cone-beam computed tomography were diagnostic in the identification of sex but not in age estimation and can be used in forensic dentistry.
Stature and Body Weight Estimations from Footprint Dimensions among Asante and Fante Females in Ghana
Authors: Dwomoh Samuel Kwaku , Appiah Atta Kusi , Appiah Nancy Darkoa Kusi , Abaidoo Chrissie Stansie 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Footprints recovered from crime scenes can assist in establishing the identity (stature, body weight, and sex) of a person. Due to variations (genetic and environmental factors) in the morphology of the foot, several authors have derived populationspecific regression equations for stature and weight estimations.

Aims and Objectives:
Tribal differences in the footprint dimensions of Ghanaians have not been established. Hence, this study was done to determine if they were tribal differences in footprint dimensions.

Materials and Methods:
The footprints of Ghanaian females, aged 19–35 years, and belonging to two tribal groups (72 Asante and 73 Fante) were recovered using an ink pad method. Height, body weight, and footprint measurements were obtained following standard procedures.

Results:
Although Fante females had longer foot lengths and shorter foot breadths than Asante females, the difference was significant (P < 0.001) only in the left big toe-pad length (eta squared = 0.496). Height correlated better with footprint dimensions of Fante (r = 0.246 – 0.809) than Asante (r = 0.214 – 0.660) females. Body weight correlated weakly with footprint dimensions. Unlike in Asante females, foot length measurements did not correlate significantly with body weight among Fante females.

Conclusion:
The use of mixed population in deriving stature, weight and sex equations is cautioned especially when there is increased genetic diversity. The findings of this study have important applications in forensic anthropometric investigations.
Undiagnosed depression and cognitive impairment with possible dementia among elderly population in urban areas of Hyderabad
Authors: Syed Saba , Kilaru Pranati 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Elderly population in India is steadily increasing and depression and dementia are the most common neuropsychiatric disorders in the older adult population. Epidemiological studies have reported disparity in the prevalence of mental health morbidity in older Indian adults. The aim of the present study was to assess community-based prevalence of undiagnosed depression and cognitive impairment with possible dementia and its associated factors in elderly persons residing in urban areas.

Materials and Methods:
The present study was a cross-sectional community-based study conducted in persons above 60 years residing in urban localities of selected four different zones of Greater Hyderabad through multistage sampling. The questionnaire consisted of sociodemographic details, the validated “Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)” Questionnaire and Geriatric Depression Scale short-form.

Results:
The study was completed with a total of 230 individuals. The mean age of participants was 68.02 (±5.71) years. The study group comprised 50.87% males and 49.13% females and 56.08% of participants were self-employed/employed. Of total participants, 37.39% were residing alone of whom 70% were male. More than half (57.83%) of study participants had studied less than 8th grade. Cognitive impairment with possible dementia was present in 51.74% of participants, the prevalence of depression was 22.71% and in 16.09% of participants, both conditions coexisted. Factors found to be significantly associated with depression and cognitive impairment with possible dementia or both conditions were current unemployment [Odds ratio [OR] 5.0 (95% CI (2.44–10.81)], residing alone (OR 2.78 [1.48–5.23]) and education less than high school (OR 24.85 [2.53–9.32]).

Conclusions:
Depression and cognitive impairment with possible dementia were considerably prevalent in the elderly population of Hyderabad, India. Factors significantly associated with the prevalence of either or both conditions were, residing alone and education less than high school.
Clinicopathological and Demographic Profile of Salivary Gland Cancer Patients from a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Aashita  , Sharma Rajiv , Manikandan Muthu , Yadav Vikas , Malik Abhidha , Thakur Pragyat 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Salivary gland cancer is a rare disease of the head-and-neck region. It can arise from either the three major salivary glands or minor salivary glands located throughout the aerodigestive tract.

Materials and Methods:
This retrospective analysis was performed in the Department of Radiation Oncology in a tertiary care hospital in north India. The records of 49 salivary gland cancer cases over the last 7 years were analyzed for demography and tumor characteristics.

Results:
In our department, the incidence of salivary gland cancer in the last 7 years was 0.51%. The mean age of presentation of patients with salivary gland cancer was 49.6 years. The male:Female ratio was 2.06:1. Patients presented after a mean symptom duration of 13.6 months in the locally advanced stage. The parotid gland was the most common site of involvement, followed by the submandibular gland. The most common histopathology observed was mucoepidermoid carcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma. Other histologies that were found were adenocarcinoma, acinic cell carcinoma, carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma, squamous cell carcinoma, mesenchymal tumor, muco-epidermoid carcinoma, salivary duct carcinoma, Hurthle cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma, atypical epitheliodermoid, undifferentiated neoplasm.

Conclusion:
Due to the heterogeneity of salivary gland tumors, diagnosis and management remains elusive. Multi-centric prospective studies are needed to better understand the disease.