bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CK1α ablation in keratinocytes induces p53-dependent, sunburn-protective skin hyperpigmentation
Authors: Chang Chung-Hsing , Kuo Che-Jung , Ito Takamichi , Su Yu-Ya , Jiang Si-Tse , Chiu Min-Hsi , Lin Yi-Hsiung , Nist Andrea , Mernberger Marco , Stiewe Thorsten , Ito Shosuke , Wakamatsu Kazumasa , Hsueh Yi-An , Shieh Sheau-Yann , Snir-Alkalay Irit , Ben-Neriah Yinon 
Published: September 2017

SignificanceUV tanning is a common social behavior, which increases melanin production and pigmentation of the skin. UV irradiation is a standard treatment of depigmenting diseases such as vitiligo. However, recurrent UV irradiation is genotoxic and facilitates skin aging and cancer. Here, we identified a method of inducing hyperpigmentation by inhibition of casein kinase 1α (CK1α). UV tanning is induced through activation of p53, via the Pomc/α-MSH/Mc1r/Mitf pathway, but bothPomcandMc1rfunction can be compromised by aging or allelic polymorphism. In contrast, inhibition of CK1α activates a different pathway, p53/KitL/Kit, and raises protective eumelanin without the procarcinogenic pheomelanin. Inhibition of CK1α is therefore expected to be an effective strategy for skin protection from sunlight and for treating depigmenting diseases.
Corrected Cephalometric Analysis to Determine the Distance and Vector of Distraction Osteogenesis for Syndromic Craniosynostosis
Authors: Kobayashi Shinji , Fukawa Toshihiko , Hirakawa Takashi , Satake Toshihiko , Maegawa Jiro 
Published: September 2017

Background:
The purpose of this study was to confirm the utility of a corrected cephalometric analysis to facilitate the planning of distraction osteogenesis with Le Fort III osteotomy for syndromic craniosynostosis.

Methods:
This prospective study involved 4 male and 2 female patients (mean patient age, 8 years 9 months; age range, 4 years 6 months to 13 years 2 months) with Crouzon syndrome who were treated with Le Fort III maxillary distraction using our previously described system of analysis of a corrected cephalogram and who underwent clinical follow-up. Lateral cephalograms were obtained immediately after device removal.

Results:
Distraction of orbitale moved the vector downward to the adult profile, but there was slightly less elongation than the adult profile for the distraction distance. The desired and real mean angles after distraction of point A were 29.2 ± 7.9° and 6.1 ± 8.5°, respectively, and the desired and the real mean distances after distraction of point A were 30.6 ± 12.7 mm and 29.4 ± 4.1 mm, respectively.

Conclusions:
Using the corrected cephalometric analysis, the distance and vector of distraction osteogenesis with Le Fort III osteotomy could be determined in patients with syndromic craniosynostosis. The distraction system brought the patients' facial bones to the planned position using controlling devices.
Comparison of Localized and Systemic Otitis Media With ANCA-Associated Vasculitis
Authors: Okada Masahiro , Suemori Koichiro , Takagi Daiki , Teraoka Masato , Yamada Hiroyuki , Hato Naohito 
Published: September 2017

Objective:
To investigate differences in immune activity based on the presence of multiple organ involvement in patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) and whether hearing outcomes are different between patients with AAV localized to the ear and patients with systemic AAV.

Study Design:
Retrospective case review.

Setting:
University hospital.

Patients:
Twenty patients with otitis media with AAV (OMAAV) who met the criteria proposed by the OMAAV study group in Japan.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Serum levels of C-reactive protein, ANCA titer, soluble interleukin-2 receptor levels, and hearing outcome.

Results:
Thirteen patients had disease involvement of organs other than the ear (systemic OMAAV group); involvement was localized to the ear in seven patients (localized OMAAV group). Serum levels of C-reactive protein, ANCA titer, and soluble interleukin-2 receptor were not significantly different between the groups. Hearing levels at diagnosis and in remission were significantly worse in the localized OMAAV group compared with the systemic OMAAV group. Hearing gain was not significantly different between groups.

Conclusion:
It is suggested that immune activity in patients with AAV localized to the ear is equivalent to activity in patients with systemic AAV. Therefore, we may need treatment for OMAAV equal in intensity to that for systemic AAV. As the hearing level at diagnosis was worse in patients with AAV localized to the ear than in patients with systemic AAV, earlier diagnosis may be needed to improve hearing outcome.
Economic crisis and “white informal economy” – a slippery slope
Authors: Dobovšek Bojan , Slak Boštjan 
Published: September 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the importance of studying the quasi-legal forms of informal economic behaviour that we know as the white informal economy. The paper also sheds light on the role of the informal economy in the financial crisis that started in 2008. Finally, the aim of the paper is also to encourage empirical research about these concepts.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is theoretical and based on a literature review.FindingsThe paper implies that when discussing about informal economy, different sub-categories should continue to be used in order to distinguish the various forms of informal economic practices. There is a particular need for research on practices of economic activities that are legal but not always moral, yet severely damaging. For such activities, the authors propose the term/categorisation the “white informal economy”. Additionally, the authors argue that in the causal links of events that brought about the financial crisis the role of the white informal economy was significant.Practical implicationsThe paper wishes to encourage further research on the topic of (white) informal economy that in turn would also create the scenario for proper policy development for tackling tax avoidance, tax evasion and future financial crises.Originality/valueThe paper adds to scholarship that takes a critical standpoint towards the financial crisis and to scholarship on the informal economy. It presents an attempt to stimulate further discussion about the connectivity of the informal economy and the financial crisis.
Multidisciplinary approaches for species delimitation in Sisyrinchium (Iridaceae)
Authors: Fachinetto Juliana , Kaltchuk‐Santos Eliane , Dellanhese Inácio Camila , Eggers Lilian , de Souza‐Chies Tatiana T. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA remarkable morphological similarity in natural populations of different groups of Sisyrinchium spp. (Iridaceae) makes classification of some species difficult. The present paper focused on two morphological categories of S. sellowianum (MC‐I and MC‐II) with distinct morphological traits. Morphological, cytogenetic, reproductive biology and genetic studies were performed, aiming to elucidate and better characterize such variation. The basic chromosome number established for the species was x = 9 and diploid and tetraploid populations were observed for MC‐I, whereas MC‐II showed only diploid populations. Different pollen morphologies were recognized in each morphological category. Based on pollination experiments, MC‐I is out‐crossing, whereas MC‐II is selfing. The populations were highly differentiated (FST = 0.46, θB = 0.62). In MC‐I, observed variation was greater within populations (69%) than among populations (31%), whereas in MC‐II, 61% of the variation was among populations and 39% within populations. This study evidenced that the two morphological categories correspond to distinct and reproductively isolated species and that floral traits reflect their breeding system, with allogamous plants in MC‐I and autogamous in MC‐II. Furthermore, MC‐II is unveiled as S. platycaule, a neglected taxon of Sisyrinchium in Brazil. The tools applied in this study were substantially able to check the identity of the two morphological categories as two different species and present the variation encountered in the taxa.
Hand feeding can periodically fuel a major portion of bull shark energy requirements at a provisioning site in Fiji
Authors: Brunnschweiler J. M. , Payne N. L. , Barnett A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWildlife tourism is often extolled for its contribution to conservation. However, understanding the effects of tourism activities on the health of target animals is required to fully assess conservation benefits. Shark tourism operators often use food rewards to attract sharks in close proximity to tourists, but nothing is known about the contribution of these food rewards to the energetic requirements of target species. In this study, hand feeding of bull sharks Carcharhinus leucas was directly observed on 36 commercial shark watching dives in the Shark Reef Marine Reserve (SRMR), Fiji. Mean number of tuna heads consumed per dive by focal individuals ranged from 1.3 to 3.7. Monitored bull sharks consumed an average of ~0.74 heads per provisioning day, and bioenergetics modelling suggests that some sharks might periodically be meeting their full energy requirement from provisioning at the SRMR. Knowing how much individual sharks consume at provisioning sites and how this relates to their energy requirements is crucial in order to better understand the effects of wildlife tourism and its contribution to conservation.
Self‐efficacy modulates the neural correlates of craving in male smokers and ex‐smokers: an fMRI study
Authors: Ono Miki , Kochiyama Takanori , Fujino Junya , Sozu Takashi , Kawada Ryosaku , Yokoyama Naoto , Sugihara Genichi , Murai Toshiya , Takahashi Hidehiko 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe regulation of cue‐induced craving for cigarettes is a key factor in smoking cessation. Outcomes of smoking cessation have been linked to self‐efficacy, faith in one's own ability, in smokers. However, no study has examined the neural basis of self‐efficacy during the control of craving. We examined whether self‐efficacy can affect the neural response to smoking cues in smokers and ex‐smokers using functional magnetic resonance imaging. During scanning, participants were instructed (1) to view smoking‐related images passively, (2) to view the smoking‐related images with a strategy focused on self‐efficacy to control cue‐induced craving or (3) to view neutral images. In smokers, the self‐efficacy strategy significantly reduced self‐reported craving. This strategy was related to increased activation in the rostral medial prefrontal cortex (rmPFC) and the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex in smokers compared with ex‐smokers. Furthermore, smokers showed increased effective connectivity between rmPFC and hippocampus and between pregenual anterior cingulate cortex and parahippocampus gyrus when employing the self‐efficacy strategy compared with ex‐smokers. The magnitude of the rmPFC–hippocampus connectivity was positively correlated with self‐reported self‐efficacy. Our findings suggest that in smokers, self‐efficacy is related to activation and connectivity in brain regions involved in regulating craving and self‐assessment. The current study provides evidence for understanding the vunderlying cognitive and neurobiological mechanisms involved in the control of craving to smoke cigarettes.
The intergenerational transmission of at‐risk/problem gambling: The moderating role of parenting practices
Authors: Dowling Nicki A. , Shandley Kerrie A. , Oldenhof Erin , Affleck Julia M. , Youssef George J. , Frydenberg Erica , Thomas Shane A. , Jackson Alun C. 
Published: September 2017

Background and ObjectivesAlthough parenting practices are articulated as underlying mechanisms or protective factors in several theoretical models, their role in the intergenerational transmission of gambling problems has received limited research attention. This study therefore examined the degree to which parenting practices (positive parenting, parental involvement, and inconsistent discipline) moderated the intergenerational transmission of paternal and maternal problem gambling.MethodsStudents aged 12–18 years (N = 612) recruited from 17 Australian secondary schools completed a survey measuring parental problem gambling, problem gambling severity, and parenting practices.ResultsParticipants endorsing paternal problem gambling (23.3%) were 4.3 times more likely to be classified as at‐risk/problem gamblers than their peers (5.4%). Participants endorsing maternal problem gambling (6.9%) were no more likely than their peers (4.0%) to be classified as at‐risk/problem gamblers. Paternal problem gambling was a significant predictor of offspring at‐risk/problem gambling after controlling for maternal problem gambling and participant demographic characteristics. The relationship between maternal problem gambling and offspring at‐risk/problem gambling was buffered by parental involvement.Discussion and ConclusionsPaternal problem gambling may be important in the development of adolescent at‐risk/problem gambling behaviours and higher levels of parental involvement buffers the influence of maternal problem gambling in the development of offspring gambling problems. Further research is therefore required to identify factors that attenuate the seemingly greater risk of transmission associated with paternal gambling problems.Scientific SignificanceParental involvement is a potential candidate for prevention and intervention efforts designed to reduce the intergenerational transmission of gambling problems. (Am J Addict 2017;26:707–712)
Failing to meet relative humidity targets for incubated neonates causes higher heat loss and metabolic costs in the first week of life
Authors: Erbani Romain , Dégrugilliers Loïc , Lahana Armand , Glusko‐Charlet Anaïs , Haraux Elodie , Durand Estelle , Tourneux Pierre 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAimFrequent nursing procedures can modify a newborn infant's thermal environment when their incubator is opened. This study evaluated the impact of relative humidity (RH) on preterm infants in closed incubators and calculated their heat loss and additional metabolic cost.MethodsWe studied 45 preterm infants born before 32 + 0 weeks, nursed at the neonatal intensive care unit at Amiens University Hospital, France from January 2009 to November 2011. Their body, skin and air temperatures and the incubator's RH were continuously recorded from day 1 to 8 of life, and the differences between the measured and target RH were calculated. Body heat loss (BHL) was also calculated.ResultsOn day one, the measured RH (68.7 ± 1.0%) was significantly lower than the target RH (75%, p < 0.05), but this difference, together with BHL (p < 0.001) and evaporative heat loss (p < 0.001), fell significantly over time (p < 0.05). The additional metabolic cost correlated with the difference between measured and target RH (p < 0.001).ConclusionRH from day 1 to 8 was below the recommended target value for preterm infants and resulted in high evaporative and greater total BHL and additional metabolic cost. The findings pose numerous challenges, including nursing care and incubator design.
Are cataract surgery referrals to public hospitals in Australia poorly targeted?
Authors: Do Vu Quang , McCluskey Peter , Palagyi Anna , Stapleton Fiona J , White Andrew , Carnt Nicole , Keay Lisa 
Published: September 2017

AbstractImportanceReferral letters constitute the first step on the pathway to cataract surgery; however, little is known on how effective referral letters are in providing adequate information to triage patients and inform surgical prioritization.BackgroundBenchmarking exercises are important to document referral processes and to identify areas where improvements can be made.DesignCross‐sectional study with longitudinal follow‐up conducted at two metropolitan public hospitals in New South Wales, Australia.ParticipantsA total of 400 sequential cataract referral letters.MethodsAn audit of cataract referral letters was performed and content benchmarked against international prioritization tools. Medical records were reviewed 1 year following referral.Main Outcome MeasuresReferral quality and waiting times.ResultsTwo‐thirds of patients referred for cataract surgery were yet to have their initial hospital appointment in the year following referral (65%, 245/376). One half of referrals seen in clinic (49%, 64/113) were not listed for cataract surgery. Multivariate analysis revealed referral letter content was not indicative of surgical booking, with the major predictors being hospital‐recorded visual acuity and grading of cataract (P < 0.0001). Referral content lacked sufficient detail to apply prioritization tools developed in other settings.Conclusion and RelevanceThis audit highlights a disconnect between referral letter content and hospital assessment of patients. Current referrals to public hospitals are poorly targeted, with high numbers of referred patients not proceeding to surgery. Patients commonly waited over 1 year to have their ophthalmic assessment at these public hospital eye clinics, revealing lengthy ‘wait‐for‐waits’ as a barrier to care. Standardized referral templates may facilitate improvement of referral pathways and shorten waiting times.
Asunaprevir and daclatasvir for recurrent hepatitis C after liver transplantation: A Japanese multicenter experience
Authors: Ikegami Toru , Ueda Yoshihide , Akamatsu Nobuhisa , Ishiyama Kohei , Goto Ryoichi , Soyama Akihiko , Kuramitsu Kaori , Honda Masaki , Shinoda Masahiro , Yoshizumi Tomoharu , Okajima Hideaki , Kitagawa Yuko , Inomata Yukihiro , Ku Yonson , Eguchi Susumu , Taketomi Akinobu , Ohdan Hideki , Kokudo Norihiro , Shimada Mitsuo , Yanaga Katsuhiko , Furukawa Hiroyuki , Uemoto Shinji , Maehara Yoshihiko 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe safety and efficacy of an IFN‐free regimen using asunaprevir (ASV) and daclatasvir (DCV) for recurrent hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection after liver transplantation (LT) have not been evaluated in Japan. A multicenter study of LT recipients (n = 74) with recurrent HCV genotype 1b infection treated with ASV‐DCV for 24 weeks was performed. Medical history was positive for pegylated interferon and ribavirin (Peg‐IFN/RBV) in 40 (54.1%) patients, and for simeprevir (SMV) with Peg‐IFN/RBV in 12 (16.2%) patients. Resistance‐associated variants (RAVs) were positive at D168 (n = 1) in the NS3, and at L31 (n = 4), Y93 (n = 4), and L31/Y93 (n = 1) in the NS5A region of the HCV genome. Sixty‐one (82.4%) patients completed the 24‐week treatment protocol. Although sustained viral response (SVR) was achieved in 49 (80.3%) patients, it was achieved in only two (16.7%) patients among those with histories of receiving SMV (n = 12). Univariate analysis showed that a history of SMV (P < .01) and the presence of mutations in NS5A (P = .02) were the significant factors for no‐SVR. By excluding the patients with either a history of SMV‐based treatment or RAVs in NS3/NS5A, the SVR rate was 96.4%. By excluding the patients with a history of SMV and those with RAVs in NS3/NS5A, viral clearance of ASV‐DCV was favorable, with a high SVR rate.
Trawl exposure and protection of seabed fauna at large spatial scales
Authors: Mazor Tessa K. , Pitcher C. Roland , Ellis Nick , Rochester Wayne , Jennings Simon , Hiddink Jan Geert , McConnaughey Robert A. , Kaiser Michel J. , Parma Ana M. , Suuronen Petri , Kangas Mervi , Hilborn Ray 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAimTrawling is the most widespread direct human disturbance on the seabed. Knowledge of the extent and consequences of this disturbance is limited because large‐scale distributions of seabed fauna are not well known. We map faunal distributions in the Australian Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) and quantify the proportion of their abundance that occurs in areas 1) that are directly trawled and 2) where legislation permanently prohibits trawling—defined as percentage exposure or protection, respectively. Our approach includes developing a method that integrates data from disparate seabed surveys to spatially expand predicted benthos distributions.LocationAustralia.MethodsWe collate data from 18 seabed surveys to map the distribution of seabed invertebrates (benthos) in nine regions. Our approach combines data from multiple surveys, groups taxa within taxonomic classes and uses Random Forests to predict spatial abundance distributions of benthos groups from environmental variables. Exposure and protection of benthos groups were quantified by mapping their predicted abundance distributions against the footprint of trawling and legislated boundaries of marine reserves and fishery closures.ResultsTrawling is currently prohibited from more area of Australia's EEZ (58%) than is trawled (<5%). Across 134 benthos groups, 96% had greater protection of abundance than exposure. The mean trawl exposure of benthos‐group abundance was 7%, compared to mean protection of 38%, whereas the mean abundance neither trawled nor protected was 55%. Fishery closures covered 19% less study area than marine reserves, but overlapped with a higher proportion (5% more) of benthos‐group abundance.Main ConclusionsThis study provides the most extensive quantitative assessment of the current exposure of Australia's benthos to trawling. Further, it highlights the contribution of fishery closures to marine conservation. These results help identify regions and taxa that are at greatest potential risk from trawling and support managers to achieve balance between conservation and sustainable industries in marine ecosystems.
Effects of soil texture and rates of K input on potassium balance in tropical soil
Authors: Rosolem C. A. , Steiner F. 
Published: September 2017

The efficiency of potassium (K) fertilizer use is important in sustainable agriculture and is affected by losses related to soil texture. However, there is no information on how much K is lost by leaching in tropical soil. The effects of rates of fertilizer‐K application on K dynamics and budget in a soil–plant system at depths up to 1 m were studied in Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil, from 2000 to 2012; soil types were a sandy clay loam (250 g clay kg−1) and a clay soil (670 g clay kg−1) under no‐till management. The soils were fertilized annually with 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150 kg K ha−1. Annual applications of 50–75 kg K ha−1 to the sandy clay loam soil and 25–50 kg K ha−1 to the clay soil were sufficient to achieve a large grain yield and maintain soil exchangeable K in the soil profile. An annual application of up to 150 kg K ha−1 to clay soil does not result in a large amount of leaching below 1‐m depth. Non‐exchangeable K plays an important role in tropical cropping systems. The increase in rates of fertilizer‐K application intensifies losses by leaching below 1 m in sandy clay loam soil, which represents 16–52% of the K added as fertilizer. Therefore, because of the considerable leaching potential, splitting the applications of K is an important management strategy to minimize losses and improve the efficiency of K use in tropical soil with small clay contents.Highlights
We investigated the effect of soil texture on K movement in the profile.
Losses of K were estimated in a cropping system with cover crops.
In tropical soil clay content plays an important role in the movement of K in the soil profile.
In clay soil K losses are small, but can be up to 52% of the nutrient applied to sandy soil.