bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-efficient and low-cost catalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction: Nickel phosphide nano-spheres
Authors: Abdalla S. , Al-Marzouki Fahd , Obaid A. 
Published: April 2017

Catalysts have been a bottleneck in hydrogen evolution reaction (HER)—a half reaction of water splitting. Hitherto, the most efficient HER catalyst in terms of catalytic capacity remains to be platinum group metals, especially platinum; however, rare metals' exorbitant cost and scarcity inhibit their further application in industry, which therefore call for catalysts prepared from earth-abundant elements. Herein, we introduce nickel phosphide nano-spheres (NPNs) bearing excellent HER activity. Prepared via a facile, inexpensive, and eco-friendly preparation procedure, the as-synthesized NPNs have perfect over-potential to reach −100 mA/cm2 (η100), with η100 reaching 251 mV in 0.5 M H2SO4. A series of durability tests, including cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry, also indicate NPNs' favorable stability in both acidic and alkaline conditions. After taking into account a string of factors, including NPNs' mass density, handy preparation process, superior catalytic activity, and favorable durability, the NPNs bear probable potentiality of taking traditional noble metals' place as the HER catalyst and are worth studying further.
At the request of the Editors-in-Chief and AIP Publishing this article is being retracted. The article had a high degree of overlap with an article published in the International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. The article is retracted from the scientific record effective 30 June 2017.
Competing modal periphrases in Spanish between the 16th and the 18th centuries
Authors: Blas Arroyo José Luis , Schulte Kim 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe history of Spanish modal constructions has been widely discussed in the literature, focusing primarily on the semantic differences between the available alternatives. This paper offers an innovative analysis of the evolution of these constructions by adopting a diachronic variationist approach that takes into account a wider range of semantic, syntactic, morphological and stylistic factors that influence the choice between the competing modal periphrases during two key stages in the evolution of Spanish. The data is drawn from a diachronic corpus of personal correspondence, reflecting actual language usage during the respective periods as closely as possible. Particular attention is paid to the question of whether the influence of different factor groups remains stable over time or not, and it is shown that the most frequent form – context pairings are particularly resistant to innovation. This can be explained by cognitive entrenchment of the respective variant in specific linguistic environments.
Language mixing and genetic similarity
Authors: Law Danny 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDefinitions of ‘mixed’ or ‘intertwined’ languages derive almost entirely from studies of languages that combine elements from genetically unrelated sources. The Mayan language Tojol-ab’al displays a mixture of linguistic features from two related Mayan languages, Chuj and Tseltal. The systematic similarities found in related languages not only make it methodologically difficult to identify the source of specific linguistic features but also mean that inherited similarity can alter the processes and outcomes of language mixing in ways that parallel observed patterns of code-switching between related languages. Tojol-ab’al, therefore, arguably represents a distinct type of mixed language, one that may only result from mixture involving related languages.
Liberal articulations of the ‘Enlightenment’ in the Greek public sphere
Authors: Mylonas Yiannis 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis study presents a scrutiny of ‘liberal’ discursive constructions of the ‘Enlightenment’ in the Greek public sphere. The study is based on the analysis of articles published in two news/lifestyle websites, ‘AthensVoice’ and ‘Protagon’, during the (ongoing), so-called, ‘Greek crisis’. Discourse theory, informed by critical discourse analysis, is deployed to analyze these discursive constructions. The analysis shows that Greece’s economic/social/political problems are constructed as symptoms that underline Greece’s fundamental deficit, which is the country’s alleged ‘lack of ‘Enlightenment’, as perceived by ‘liberal’ voices in Greece and elsewhere. The article concludes that such discourses are part of a biopolitical, disciplinary framework producing the object to be reformed by austerity: an ‘un-Enlightened’ ‘Greek character’, ‘guilty’ for ‘self-inflicting’ Greece’s crisis. This ‘reform of character’ envisioned by liberals in Greece and elsewhere, is supposed to emerge through the institutional advance of neoliberal restructuring processes that include austerity reforms, privatizations, and loss of labor and civic rights, conditions to foster the neoliberal, entrepreneurial, mobile and austere subject, to potentially meet the socio-political requirements of late capitalist growth.
Crocin reduces the inflammation response in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Li Xiang , Jiang Chao , Zhu Wenyong 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
This study is to determine the role and mechanism of crocin in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Totally 60 Wistar SD rats were randomly divided into control group, RA model group, methotrexate group, crocin high dose, middle dose, and low dose groups. The paw swelling degree, arthritis score, thymus and spleen index, the mRNA and protein levels of iNOS, and the serum content of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were evaluated. Crocin treatment significantly alleviated the paw swelling of RA rats. The arthritis score in crocin treatment groups was significantly lower than that in RA model group. Additionally, the thymus index, but not the spleen index, declined remarkably in crocin treatment groups than in RA model group. Besides, crocin administration significantly reduced the iNOS production and the serum content of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Crocin may exert potent anti-RA effects through inhibiting cytokine.
Evaluation and management of orofacial pain
Authors: Gilkey Stephanie Joseph , Plaza-Villegas Francisco 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
Challenging to diagnose and manage, orofacial pain is a common and costly problem with a profound effect on quality of life. Delayed diagnosis and management can lead to prolonged patient suffering and disability. This article describes the background, assessment, differential diagnosis, management, and referral of patients with orofacial pain.
Keep them breathing
Authors: Brown Sheena D. , White Rachel , Tobin Phil 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
Cystic fibrosis (CF) affects more than 30,000 people in the United States and 80,000 people worldwide. This life-threatening genetic disorder causes a buildup of thick, viscous mucus secretions in various organ systems, most commonly the gastrointestinal, pulmonary, and genitourinary systems. This article reviews the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and monitoring of patients with CF as well as guidelines for management and emerging pharmacologic treatments.
From microbiome to infectome in autoimmunity
Authors: Bogdanos Dimitrios P. , Sakkas Lazaros I. 
Published: April 2017

Purpose of review
The current review discusses the pros and cons of the microbiome studies conducted in search of the association between microbiota and autoimmunity.

Recent findings
We focus on the role of infectome and autoinfectome as a bridge to link the findings of microbiome studies with those emerging from investigations of the role of specific viruses and antiviral responses as triggers of autoimmunity (through various mechanisms such as molecular mimicry). The ‘usual suspects’, such as herpetoviruses and Escherichia coli, are thoroughly discussed in light of the data emerged by the microbiome studies, using as examples specific autoimmune rheumatic diseases and inflammatory bowel diseases.

Summary
We conclude that the studies of the oral cavity, gastrointestinal, and urinary tract microbiome are informative but can only be useful if further explored from the infectome perspective. This means that the plethora of bacteria associated with autoimmune diseases from microbiome studies can be and must be tested experimentally. If certain bacteria are associated directly or indirectly with autoimmune diseases, specific immunological mechanisms must be identified.
Osteoporosis in premenopausal women
Authors: Langdahl Bente L. 
Published: April 2017

Purpose of review
The scope of this review was to review the newest developments in the context of the existing knowledge on premenopausal bone fragility. Fragility fractures are common in postmenopausal women and men and diagnostic criteria for osteoporosis have been agreed and multiple pharmacological treatments have been developed over the last 25 years. In premenopausal women, fragility fractures and very low bone mass are uncommon and osteoporosis in premenopausal women has therefore attracted much less interest.

Recent findings
Recent studies have highlighted that lifestyle and dietary habits affect premenopausal bone mass. Bone mass may be improved by sufficient intake of calcium and vitamin D together with increased physical activity in premenopausal women with idiopathic osteoporosis. If pharmacological treatment is needed, teriparatide has been demonstrated to efficiently increase bone mass; however, no fracture studies and no comparative studies against antiresorptive therapies have been conducted. Pregnancy affects bone turnover and mass significantly, but pregnancy-associated osteoporosis is a rare and heterogeneous condition.

Summary
The diagnosis of osteoporosis should only be considered in premenopausal women with existing fragility fractures, diseases or treatments known to cause bone loss or fractures. Secondary causes of osteoporosis should be corrected or treated if possible. The women should be recommended sufficient intake of calcium and vitamin and physical activity. In women with recurrent fractures or secondary causes that cannot be eliminated, for example glucocorticoid or cancer treatment, pharmacological intervention with bisphosphonates or teriparatide (not in the case of cancer) may be considered.
Postoperative Complications and Outcomes Associated With a Transition to 24/7 Intensivist Management of Cardiac Surgery Patients
Authors: Benoit Marc A. , Bagshaw Sean M. , Norris Colleen M. , Zibdawi Mohamad , Chin Wu Dat , Ross David B. , van Diepen Sean 
Published: April 2017

Objectives:Nighttime intensivist staffing does not improve patient outcomes in general ICUs. Few studies have examined the association between dedicated in-house 24/7 intensivist coverage on outcomes in specialized cardiac surgical ICUs. We sought to evaluate the association between 24/7 in-house intensivist-only management of cardiac surgical patients on postoperative complications and health resource utilization.Design:Before-and-after propensity matched cohort study.Setting:Tertiary care cardiac surgical ICU.Patients:Patients greater than 18 years old who underwent cardiac surgery between January 1, 2006, and April 30, 2013 (nighttime resident model), were propensity-matched (1:1) to patients from August 1, 2013, to December 31, 2014 (24/7 in-house intensivist model).Interventions:Cardiac surgical ICU coverage change from a nighttime resident physician coverage model to a 24/7 in-house intensivist staffing model.Measurements and Main Results:The primary outcome of interest was a composite of postoperative major complications. Secondary outcomes included duration of mechanical ventilation, all-cause cardiac surgical ICU readmissions, and surgical postponements attributed to lack of cardiac surgical ICU bed availability. A total of 1,509 patients during the nighttime resident model were matched to 1,509 patients during the intensivist model. The adjusted risk of major complications (26.3% vs 19.3%; odds ratio, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.36–0.85;p< 0.01), mean mechanical ventilation time (25.2 vs 19.4 hr;p< 0.01), cardiac surgical ICU readmissions (5.3% vs 1.6%; odds ratio, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.19–0.48;p< 0.01), and surgical postponements (3.4 vs 0.3 per mo;p< 0.01) were lower with the intensivist model.Conclusions:A transition to a 24/7 in-house intensivist care model was associated with a reduction in postoperative major complications, duration of mechanical ventilation, cardiac surgical ICU readmissions, and surgical postponements. These findings suggest that 24/7 intensivist physician care models may improve patient outcomes and health resource utilization in specialized cardiac surgical ICUs.
Core Domains for Clinical Research in Acute Respiratory Failure Survivors: An International Modified Delphi Consensus Study
Authors: Turnbull Alison E. , Sepulveda Kristin A. , Dinglas Victor D. , Chessare Caroline M. , Bingham Clifton O. , Needham Dale M. 
Published: April 2017

Objectives:
To identify the “core domains” (i.e., patient outcomes, health-related conditions, or aspects of health) that relevant stakeholders agree are essential to assess in all clinical research studies evaluating the outcomes of acute respiratory failure survivors after hospital discharge.

Design:
A two-round consensus process, using a modified Delphi methodology, with participants from 16 countries, including patient and caregiver representatives. Prior to voting, participants were asked to review 1) results from surveys of clinical researchers, acute respiratory failure survivors, and caregivers that rated the importance of 19 preliminary outcome domains and 2) results from a qualitative study of acute respiratory failure survivors’ outcomes after hospital discharge, as related to the 19 preliminary outcome domains. Participants also were asked to suggest any additional potential domains for evaluation in the first Delphi survey.

Setting:
Web-based surveys of participants representing four stakeholder groups relevant to clinical research evaluating postdischarge outcomes of acute respiratory failure survivors: clinical researchers, clinicians, patients and caregivers, and U.S. federal research funding organizations.

Subjects:
None.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
Survey response rates were 97% and 99% in round 1 and round 2, respectively. There were seven domains that met the a priori consensus criteria to be designated as core domains: physical function, cognition, mental health, survival, pulmonary function, pain, and muscle and/or nerve function.

Conclusions:
This study generated a consensus-based list of core domains that should be assessed in all clinical research studies evaluating acute respiratory failure survivors after hospital discharge. Identifying appropriate measurement instruments to assess these core domains is an important next step toward developing a set of core outcome measures for this field of research.
Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy in the Adjuvant Treatment of High-risk Primary Salivary Gland Malignancies
Authors: Gebhardt Brian J. , Ohr James P. , Ferris Robert L. , Duvvuri Umamaheswar , Kim Seungwon , Johnson Jonas T. , Heron Dwight E. , Clump David A. 
Published: April 2017

Objectives:
Adjuvant radiation therapy (RT) is indicated for patients with salivary gland malignancies with risk factors for recurrence following resection. We analyzed patients treated with adjuvant RT with or without concurrent chemotherapy to determine the impact of prognostic and treatment factors.

Materials and Methods:
Retrospective analysis was performed of 128 patients treated with surgical resection followed by intensity-modulated radiotherapy. In total, 31 (24.2%) patients were treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate rates of progression-free survival (PFS), local-regional control, distant control, overall survival. Multivariable Cox regression was performed to evaluate factors significant on univariate analysis.

Results:
The 5-year rates of PFS, local-regional control, freedom-from distant metastasis, and overall survival were 61.2%, 85.8%, 76.5%, and 73.7%, respectively. Predictors of decreased PFS on univariate analyses were age, tumor stage, nodal stage, positive surgical margins, histology, high grade, perineural invasion, lymphovascular space invasion, extranodal extension, and use of chemoradiotherapy. On multivariable analysis, elevated T-stage, positive surgical margins, and presence of extranodal extension were predictive of decreased PFS. The acute toxicity rates were 30.3% grade 1, 51.5% grade 2, 11.4% grade 3, and 0.8% grade 4. There was no difference in rates of grade 3 or higher acute toxicity with use of RT alone versus chemoradiotherapy (P=0.183).

Conclusions:
Use of chemoradiotherapy for adjuvant treatment of salivary gland malignancies was well-tolerated, but no improvement in survival was seen with the use of chemoradiotherapy in both the overall study population and a subset with high-risk features. Caution should be used when using this modality until randomized evidence becomes available.
Striae Distensae: Preventative and Therapeutic Modalities to Improve Aesthetic Appearance
Authors: Ross Nicholas A. , Ho Derek , Fisher Juliya , Mamalis Andrew , Heilman Edward , Saedi Nazanin , Jagdeo Jared 
Published: April 2017

BACKGROUND
Striae distensae (SD) are aesthetically troublesome to patients and therapeutically challenging.

OBJECTIVE
Herein, the authors comprehensively review the literature pertaining to the history, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, clinical rating scales, and laboratory, imaging, and histologic features of SD.

METHODS AND MATERIALS
A review of PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, and Google scholar was conducted, including literature published from 1773 to August 6, 2016.

RESULTS
The authors identified 68 articles that met inclusion and exclusion criteria.

CONCLUSION
There are few randomized controlled trials evaluating the long-term efficacy and safety of various topical and energy-based devices. Based on clinical and anecdotal experience, both nonablative and ablative fractionated lasers have shown modest SD improvement compared with other treatment modalities (including Excimer laser, CuBr laser, pulsed dye laser, and 1,064-nm Nd:YAG laser). In the authors' experience, 1,540-nm nonablative fractionated laser is a worthy first-line modality for the treatment of SD. Future researchers may consider greater focus on enhanced study design, including larger, long-term split-body, or split-SD head-to-head randomized comparative trials with objective outcome measures and end points, such as biopsy and molecular studies demonstrating increased collagen and elastic fibers that correlate to clinical improvement.
Autologous Pure Platelet-Rich Plasma Dermal Injections for Facial Skin Rejuvenation: Clinical, Instrumental, and Flow Cytometry Assessment
Authors: Cameli Norma , Mariano Maria , Cordone Iole , Abril Elva , Masi Serena , Foddai Maria Laura 
Published: April 2017

BACKGROUND
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an emerging treatment in dermatology recently proposed for skin rejuvenation.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of autologous pure PRP dermal injections on facial skin rejuvenation, investigating the cellularity of PRP samples.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Twelve patients underwent 3 sessions of PRP injection at 1-month intervals. The clinical and instrumental outcomes were evaluated before (T0) and 1 month (T1) after the end of treatment by means of transepidermal water loss, corneometry, Cutometer, Visioscan, and Visioface. A flow cytometry characterization on PRP and peripheral blood (PB) samples was performed.

RESULTS
Clinical and patient evaluation showed improvement of skin texture. Skin gross elasticity, skin smoothness parameters, skin barrier function, and capacitance were significantly improved. No difference between PRP and PB lymphocyte immunological asset was observed. A leukocyte population (mainly CD3+) and neutrophils depletion were documented in all the PRP samples.

CONCLUSION
This instrumental study demonstrated that PRP poor in leukocytes can provide objective improvements in skin biostimulation. Flow cytometry showed no variability among the PRP samples using a reproducible separation system and a low content in proinflammatory cells. Although a pilot study, it may be helpful for future investigations on PRP cellularity.
Randomized, Controlled Trial of Fractional Carbon Dioxide Laser Resurfacing Followed by Ultrashort Incubation Aminolevulinic Acid Blue Light Photodynamic Therapy for Actinic Keratosis
Authors: Alexiades Macrene 
Published: April 2017

BACKGROUND
Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an established treatment option for actinic keratosis (AK), and recently fractional carbon dioxide (CO2) laser was shown to improve outcomes; but studies of short incubation photosensitizer are lacking.

OBJECTIVE
Assess the efficacy of short incubation ALA followed by blue light PDT with and without previous fractional CO2 treatment for the treatment of AK.

METHODS
Randomized, paired split-design, controlled trial of fractional CO2 followed by ultrashort 15-minute versus 30-minute incubation ALA and blue light PDT for the treatment of AK on the face.

RESULTS
The complete clearance rates (CRs) at 8 weeks after ALA PDT with and without FxCO2 at 30- and 15-minute ALA incubation times were 89.78% (+FxCO2) versus 71.20% CR (−FxCO2) at 30′, and 86.38% (+FxCO2) versus 69.23% (−FxCO2) at 15′ ALA incubation. All lesion improvements were statistically significant.

CONCLUSION
This randomized, comparative paired group controlled clinical study demonstrates that ultrashort 15- and 30-minute incubation ALA PDTs are of limited efficacy for the treatment of AK. Pretreatment with fractional ablative resurfacing yields statistically significant greater AK clearance with ALA-PDT at ultrashort ALA incubations followed by blue light.
Development and validation of the self-reported PROMIS pediatric pain behavior item bank and short form scale
Authors: Cunningham Natoshia R. , Kashikar-Zuck Susmita , Mara Constance , Goldschneider Kenneth R. , Revicki Dennis A. , Dampier Carlton , Sherry David D. , Crosby Lori , Carle Adam , Cook Karon F. , Morgan Esi M. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Pain behaviors are important indicators of functioning in chronic pain; however, no self-reported pain behavior instrument has been developed for pediatric populations. The purpose of this study was to create a brief pediatric measure of patient-reported pain behaviors as part of the Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS). A pool of 47 candidate items for this measure had been previously developed through qualitative research. In this study, youth with chronic pain associated with juvenile fibromyalgia, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, or sickle cell disease (ages 8-18 years) from 3 pediatric centers completed all 47 candidate items for development of the pain behavior item bank along with established measures of pain interference, depressive symptoms, fatigue, average pain intensity, and pain catastrophizing. Caregivers reported on sociodemographic information and health history. Psychometric properties of the pain behavior items were examined using an item response theory framework with confirmatory factor analysis and examination of differential item functioning, internal consistency, and test information curves. Results were used along with expert consensus and alignment with the adult PROMIS pain behavior items to arrive at an 8-item pediatric pain behavior short form, and all 47 items were retained in a calibrated item bank. Confirmatory factor analysis and correlations with validated measures of pain, pain interference, and psychosocial functioning provided support for the short form's reliability and validity. The new PROMIS pediatric pain behavior scale provides a reliable, precise, and valid measure for future research on pain behavior in school-aged children with chronic pain.