bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reducing the incidence of hospital‐associated venous thromboembolism within a network of academic hospitals: Findings from five University of California medical centers
Authors: Jenkins Ian H. , White Richard H. , Amin Alpesh N. , Afsarmanesh Nasim , Auerbach Andrew D. , Khanna Raman , Maynard Gregory A. 
Published: December 2016

BACKGROUNDAlmost 700 patients suffered from hospital‐associated venous thromboembolism (HA‐VTE) across 5 University of California hospitals in calendar year 2011.OBJECTIVEOptimize venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis (VTEP) in adult medical/surgical inpatients and reduce HA‐VTE by at least 20% within 3 years.DESIGNProspective, unblinded, open‐intervention study with historical controls.SETTINGFive independent but cooperating academic hospitals.PATIENTSAll adult medical and surgical inpatients with stays ≥3 days. The baseline year was 2011, 2012 to 2014 were intervention years, and year 2014 was the mature comparison period.VTEP adequacy was assessed with structured chart review of 45 patients per month at each site via random selection beginning partway through the study. HA‐VTE was identified by discharge coding, capturing patients readmitted within 30 days of prior VTE‐free admit and VTE occurring during index admission. Cases were stratified medical versus surgical and cancer or noncancer.INTERVENTIONSInterventions included structured order sets with “3‐bucket” risk‐assessment, measure‐vention, techniques to improve reliable administration of VTEP, and education.RESULTSAdequate prophylaxis reached 89% by early 2014. The rate of HA‐VTE fell from 0.90% in 2011 to 0.69% in 2014 (24% relative risk [RR] reduction; RR: 0.76, 95% confidence interval: 0.68‐0.852), equivalent to averting 81 pulmonary emboli and 89 deep venous thrombi. VTE rates were highest in cancer and surgical patients.CONCLUSIONSHospital systems can reduce HA‐VTE by implementing a bundle of active interventions including structured VTEP orders with embedded risk assessment and measure‐vention. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2016;11:S22–S28. © 2016 Society of Hospital Medicine
Preventing hospital‐acquired venous thromboembolism: Improving patient safety with interdisciplinary teamwork, quality improvement analytics, and data transparency
Authors: Schleyer Anneliese M. , Robinson Ellen , Dumitru Roxana , Taylor Mark , Hayes Kimberly , Pergamit Ronald , Beingessner Daphne M. , Zaros Mark C. , Cuschieri Joseph 
Published: December 2016

BACKGROUNDHospital‐acquired venous thromboembolism (HA‐VTE) is a potentially preventable cause of morbidity and mortality. Despite high rates of venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis in accordance with an institutional guideline, VTE remains the most common hospital‐acquired condition in our institution.OBJECTIVETo improve the safety of all hospitalized patients, examine current VTE prevention practices, identify opportunities for improvement, and decrease rates of HA‐VTE.DESIGNPre/post assessment.SETTING/PATIENTSUrban academic tertiary referral center, level 1 trauma center, safety net hospital; all patients.INTERVENTIONWe formed a multidisciplinary VTE task force to review all HA‐VTE events, assess prevention practices relative to evidence‐based institutional guidelines, and identify improvement opportunities. The task force developed an electronic tool to facilitate efficient VTE event review and designed decision‐support and reporting tools, now integrated into the electronic health record, to bring optimal VTE prevention practices to the point of care. Performance is shared transparently across the institution.MEASUREMENTSHarborview benchmarks process and outcome performance, including patient safety indicators and core measures, against hospitals nationally using Hospital Compare and Vizient data.RESULTSOur program has resulted in >90% guideline‐adherent VTE prevention and zero preventable HA‐VTEs. Initiatives have resulted in a 15% decrease in HA‐VTE and a 21% reduction in postoperative VTE.CONCLUSIONSKeys to success include the multidisciplinary approach, clinical roles of task force members, senior leadership support, and use of quality improvement analytics for retrospective review, prospective reporting, and performance transparency. Ongoing task force collaboration with frontline providers is critical to sustained improvements. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2016;11:S38–S43. © 2016 Society of Hospital Medicine
High‐Throughput Step Emulsification for the Production of Functional Materials Using a Glass Microfluidic Device
Authors: Ofner Alessandro , Moore David G. , Rühs Patrick A. , Schwendimann Pascal , Eggersdorfer Maximilian , Amstad Esther , Weitz David A. , Studart André R. 
Published: December 2016

High‐volume production of monodisperse droplets is of importance for industrial applications due to increased emulsion stability, precise control over droplet volumes, and the formation of periodic arranged structures. So far, parallelized microfluidic devices are limited by either their complicated channel geometry or by their chemically or thermally unstable embedding material. This study shows a scalable microfluidic step emulsification chip that enables production of monodisperse emulsions at a throughput of up to 25 mL h−1 in a glass device with 364 linearly parallelized droplet makers. The chemical and thermal stability of such a glass device allows for the preparation of a broad variety of functional particles and microdroplets by using any desired solvent together with nanoparticles, polymers, and hydrogels. Moreover, the microfluidic device can be stringently cleaned for nearly unlimited use and permits the alternating production of oil‐in‐water and water‐in‐oil emulsions. The combined high throughput, chemical and thermal stability offered by our device enables production of monodisperse functional materials for large‐scale applications.
image
Improving the formability of linear flow split profiles by laser annealing
Authors: Niehuesbernd J. , Monnerjahn V. , Bruder E. , Groche P. , Müller C. 
Published: December 2016

The effect of laser annealing on the mechanical properties of severely deformed low alloy steel is discussed. Two different sets of annealing parameters were used to achieve improvements in formability. The resulting microstructures, tensile properties and hardness distributions are reviewed. Annealing at temperatures around 700 °C with very high heating and cooling rates leads to recrystallization at the surface and moderate grain growth in subsequent layers. The improvement in ductility is proven to be sufficient to prevent cracking during bending operations.
Influences of social issues on type 1 diabetes self‐management: are we doing enough?
Authors: Akhter Kalsoom , Turnbull Triece , Simmons David 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMuch of the literature on the causes and management of diabetes focuses on biomedical and lifestyle factors, with little attention given to the role of social issues in diabetes management. This study aimed to explore the influence of social issues on type 1 diabetes management from the perspectives of people with diabetes and of health care professionals (HCPs), and to identify strategies to enhance the clinic services.Semi‐structured interviews and focus groups were conducted with eight people with type 1 diabetes and with 15 HCPs. Recruitment was through the patients’ HCPs for this service evaluation project.Findings highlighted the importance of considering the influence of social issues on diabetes management. The dominant themes that emerged from the thematic analysis were: housing situations, divorce, stress, literacy issues, social stigma and financial issues. HCPs suggested ways to improve services by: putting informational boards (e.g. related to benefit services) in the waiting area; providing a peer support platform (to discuss and gain support related to social issues); having a service directory (to refer people to the social services); working at multi‐settings (to understand the effect of social issues); and having open clinics at weekends (to support those who are unable to get time off during the week). People with diabetes suggested that bringing in a welfare officer and providing information about benefits could improve the clinic services.In conclusion, including a systematic assessment of social parameters in health care records might improve the ability of clinicians and the health system to tackle social issues early. This is likely to improve self‐management and biophysical outcomes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons.
Information needs of the Chinese community affected by cancer: A systematic review
Authors: Lim Bee Teng , Butow Phyllis , Mills Jill , Miller Annie , Goldstein David 
Published: December 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe information needs of patients and carers from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds, including from the Chinese community, are not well understood, and there has been no previous synthesis of the literature. We conducted a systematic review of the information needs of the Chinese community affected by cancer.MethodsDatabase, reference list, and author searches were conducted to identify studies reporting information needs of the Chinese community affected by cancer. Data synthesis was undertaken to define categories of information needs.ResultsInitial searches yielded 2558 articles. Out of the 40 full‐text articles reviewed, 26 met all the eligibility criteria. Cancer‐specific, treatment, and prognosis information were the most frequently reported information needs across the cancer care continuum. Similarly, this information was the most commonly reported information needs across different health systems, migration statuses, and Chinese cultural values. Though less frequent, information needs related to interpersonal/social, financial/legal, and body image/sexuality were also raised. Thirteen studies quantified the prevalence of unmet needs, and the most frequently reported unmet needs were related to health system and information, followed by psychological, patient care and support, physical daily living, and sexuality needs. Language and cultural factors were identified in all studies involving Chinese migrants living in English‐speaking countries.ConclusionsFailing to meet the information needs of the Chinese community members affected by cancer increases the risk for poor cancer outcomes. Potential interventions such as translated resources, bilingual advocates, an online information portal, and communication aids can be helpful in addressing the unmet needs for this community.
Group IV Semiconductors Materials Research: Growth, Characterization and Applications to Electronics and Spintronics
Authors: Kissinger Gudrun , Pizzini Sergio , Miglio Leo , Yamada‐Kaneta Hiroshi , Yang Deren 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis volume is a collection of papers presented at Symposium K “Group IV Semiconductors Materials Research: Growth, Characterization and Applications to Electronics and Spintronics” at the E‐MRS Spring Meeting 2016 held from May 02–06 in Lille, France. During preparation of our symposium we were facing the sad situation that Prof. Jan Vanhellemont, one of the organizers, prematurely died. Jan Vanhellemont was an outstanding materials researcher and the organizers decided, in agreement with the E‐MRS conference chairs, to dedicate Symposium K in memoriam to him. A brief overview of his scientific career, covering more than 35 years in semiconductor materials science, is given in the beginning of this volume.The major challenges for fundamental research and technological development are no more confined to bulk silicon and silicon devices only, but to a variety of silicon‐based structures, such as Si–Ge alloys, nanostructured and nanocomposite materials, thin and thick films, and heteroepitaxial layers on patterned silicon substrates. Their performances are still driven by defect engineering procedures, novel growth techniques, and advanced diagnostics tools. Point defects and extended defects remain in the center of interest for both electronic and photovoltaic applications, where in some cases their engineering represents a unique option for new functionalities, such as the case of spintronic devices. A special session on spintronics was supported by the Fondazione Cariplo (Milano, Italy).The symposium provided a successful forum for scientists from research institutions and industry from all over the world to discuss recent results and new developments in materials research on group IV elements. In total 80 oral and 43 poster presentations made this symposium a fruitful expert meeting.
Substitution of Critical Raw Materials: Synthesis, Characterization and Processing of New Advanced Materials in Optoelectronic and Magnetic Devices
Authors: Ricci Pier Carlo 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis proceedings volume, published in phys. status solidi contains the research presented at the 2016 Spring European Materials Research Society Meeting in Lille, France, in the framework of the symposium E “Substitution of critical raw materials: synthesis, characterization and processing of new advanced materials in optoelectronic and magnetic devices”.The symposium, organized by the EIP commitment RESET, received 110 abstracts with 61 oral pre¬sentations from 26 different countries and represented one of the first scientific conferences on the theme of Critical Raw Materials in Europe.Raw materials are fundamental in most technological applications, however, the global increase demand and the geopolitical concentration of some of them, raised concerns about securing reliable access to raw material resources. In 2010 and, successively, in 2014 the EU commission created a list “Critical Raw Materials” on the prevision of the supply disruption foresees in the next 10 years and the economic and technological importance.Research is needed to improve the fundamental understanding of the development of new material solutions with a reduced or completely eliminated critical content, while maintaining or enhancing the performance of the materials, components and products.The design of the alternative compounds, the control of growth processes coupled with accurate characterization are mandatory for the further development of new CRM free devices.Among the different applications the research projects presented at the symposium were mainly focussed on modern lighting devices, transparent conductive layers, permanent magnetic materials and catalytic converters, providing an interdisciplinary platform on alternatives to CRM.We thank all invited and contributed participants for the high scientific level of presentation and, more in general, for the success of the symposium.
How family influence, socioemotional wealth, and competitive conditions shape new technology adoption
Authors: Souder David , Zaheer Akbar , Sapienza Harry , Ranucci Rebecca 
Published: December 2016

Research summary: In family businesses, investment decisions often involve both socioemotional wealth and economic considerations. Focusing on new technology adoption, we argue that multiple dimensions of socioemotional wealth contribute to complex effects within different types of family firms—depending on the level of family control—as well as in contrast to non‐family firms. Results based on cable TV operators from 1983 to 1987 confirm that family ownership correlates negatively with technology adoption, especially when family owners hold a minority rather than majority position. We also show contingencies based on performance improvements and competitive threats. Our arguments contribute new insights about the tensions between economic and socioemotional factors within minority family ownership that are absent from non‐family firms and more pronounced than in majority family firms.Managerial summary: We find evidence of greater reluctance toward new technology adoption among firms with minority family influence than majority family influence. This suggests that goals related to socioemotional wealth only partly explain the cautious decision‐making observed in family firms, with further caution arising from conflicting priorities between family and non‐family owners. Recent performance improvements help offset the reluctance to adopt new technology, albeit to a lesser degree among firms with minority family ownership. High levels of competitive threats also offset the reduction in new technology adoption, and contrary to expectations, to a greater extent among minority family firms. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Temperature and thermal stresses in work rolls during the hot rolling of strip
Authors: Troeder Christoph , Spielvogel Andreas , Xu Jin‐Wu 
Published: December 2016

In this paper the solution of the unsteady, three‐dimensional heat transfer in work rolls was derived by using Bessel functions and the δ‐function and expressed by an infinite series. In this manner other problems of heat transfer in solid cylinders and hollow cylinders can also be calculated.The temperature profile of the work roll due to the distribution of the temperature in the axial direction can cause unregular pressure distribution between work roll and backup roll and can influence the quality of strip. Therefore, the thermal crowns must be considered at various moments during rolling. The thermal crown can be determined by using the FE‐Method or others.The reason for the fire‐cracking in the roll surface can be determined as the thermal shock load in the contact zone, in which the sharp compressive stresses lead to local plastic deformation. The local plastic deformations are followed by residual deformations. Therefore, residual tensile stresses occur in the cooling zone. On each revolution, the surface undergoes plastic strain in compression and in tension. The result is thermal fatigue. The fine network of cracks in the roll surface can result in a sharp stress concentration which is dangerous for the rolls loaded with a bending moment. The maximum tensile stresses due to the temperature distribution occur in the roll core, which usually do not lead to damages of the rolls.
Model investigations on the penetration of melts into injection nozzles
Authors: You Byung‐Don , Polanschütz Wolfgang , Hiebler Herbert 
Published: December 2016

The formation of gas bubbles and the penetration behaviour of the liquid into the nozzle against the gas stream were studied in water, water‐glycerine mixtures and mercury from bubbling regions to a continuous gas jet region with various nozzle configuration.Measurements were also made with gas and powder injection in the mercury and molten pig iron models. It was observed that the penetration behaviour of the liquids during gas injection depends on the gas flow velocity, the diameter and orientation of the nozzle, the wettability and the density of the liquid. The results of the powder injection showed a lower penetration depth of the liquid into the nozzle than the results for gas only injections. The effect of each influencing factor on the penetration behaviour was shown to be similar in both injection types, with or without powder.
The effect of plate thickness on the generation of thermal stress and strain in quenched steels of high hardenability
Authors: Fletcher Alfred John , Soomro Ali Bux 
Published: December 2016

A visco‐elastic‐plastic mathematical model that also incorporates transformation plasticity has been used to determine the thermal stress and strain generation in quenched plates of various thicknesses. An increase in plate thickness produced an increase in the maximum amount of absolute strain introduced during the quench. This was associated with an increase in the residual strain at the end of a water quench, but the residual strain was reduced in the case of an oil quench. Former results were in agreement with the experimental data obtained from 20 and 40 mm thick specimens.In contrast, the level of residual absolute stress at specific points in water quenched plates fell as the thickness increased, mainly on account of the amount of stress‐relaxation in the later stages of the cooling process, as the temperature in the interior of the thicker sections fell to ambient. This effect did not agree well with the experimental results and casts some doubt on the viscous flow data used at longer times and lower temperatures. The agreement between calculation and experiment was much better in the case of the oil quenched material.
The rolling texture of iron of different purities
Authors: Kern Rudolf , Lee Hsiao Ping , Bunge Hans‐Joachim 
Published: December 2016

Deformation texture of 90% cold rolled iron of various purities was studied by pole figure measurements from which complete orientation distribution functions ODF were calculated using series expansion including the zero range method. The texture type consists of two mutually perpendicular orientation tubes which can be idealized as (110)//RD and (111)//ND in accordance with microstructural investigations which revealed two types of microstructures corresponding to these idealized fibres. The intensity superposition of the two fibres yields a maximum density in slightly deviating positions especially in the vicinity of the intersection of the two tubes which may be idealized as (110) 30° ND fibre component. The texture of the high‐purity iron is nearest to the (111)//ND fibre. Within this general texture type, two subtypes can be distinguished corresponding to high‐purity iron on the one hand and the low‐purity materials on the other.The texture of the high‐purity iron at 90% of deformation still corresponds to the low‐degree type of the lower‐purity materials which is attributed to the occurrence of dynamic recovery in the high‐purity iron.
Untersuchung der Eigenschaften von FeSiAl‐Elektroblechen
Authors: Büchner Achim R. 
Published: December 2016

Es wurde versucht, hochlegierte Elektrobleche, deren Verlustleistungen klein, deren Kaltwalzbarkeit jedoch hinreichend gut sein soll, durch Legierungsmaßnahmen herzustellen. Dabei wurde Si teilweise durch AI ersetzt.Im Bereich 2–3% Si und 2‐3% AI sind Legierungen zu finden, die gut kalt walzbar (im technischen Prozeß wird unter Kaltwalzen ein Walzen unterhalb etwa 180°C verstanden) sind und die die heute üblichen nichtorientierten Elektrobleche in der Verlustleistung um etwa 1/4 unterbieten sollten.
Untersuchungen zum Hydratationsverhalten von synthetischen Magnesiowüstiten
Authors: Geiseler Jürgen , Schlösser Ruth , Scheel Rüdiger , Koch Klaus , Janke Dieter 
Published: December 2016

Eine ausreichende Raumbeständigkeit ist die notwendige Voraussetzung für die Verwendung von Stahlwerksschlacken als Baustoff mit höheren qualitativen Anforderungen im Straßenbau. Die Raumbeständigkeit kann durch Mineralphasen gefährdet werden, die mit Feuchtigkeit unter Volumenzunahme hydratisieren. Zu den hydratisierbaren Mineralphasen zählen Freikalk und in MgO‐reichen Schlacken auch bestimmte MgO‐Phasen. Mikroskopische Untersuchungen an MgO‐reichen LD‐Schlacken zeigen, daß das MgO größtenteils in Form von Magnesiowüstiten – Mischkristallen zwischen MgO und FeO/MnO – gebunden vorliegt. Während reines MgO hydratisierbar ist, verhalten sich FeO und MnO inert gegenüber Feuchtigkeit.Anhand von synthetisch hergestellten Magnesiowüstiten unterschiedlicher Zusammensetzung wurde geprüft, welche Mischkri‐stalle als hydratisierbar einzustufen sind. Dazu wurden Hydratationsversuche bei unterschiedlichen Temperatur‐/Druck‐Bedin‐gungen durchgeführt. Bei 84°C/0,53 bar war zur Stabilisierung der Magnesiowüstite ein (FeO + MnO)‐Gehalt von 30% notwendig, bei 215°C/21 bar lag dieser Gehalt bei 60%. Da sich die Bedingungen bei der Prüfung im Labor von denen in der Straße deutlich unterscheiden, ist die Festlegung eines (FeO + MnO)‐Grenzgehalts, durch den Magnesiowüstite unter den in einer Straße herrschenden Bedingungen stabilisiert werden, zur Zeit noch nicht möglich. Solange die Übertragbarkeit der Laborergebnisse auf die Praxis noch nicht nachgewiesen ist, wird der unter den sehr scharfen Autoklavbedingungen ermittelte MgO‐Grenzgehalt von 40% zugrunde gelegt. Als hydratisierbares MgO – oder auch MgOfrei in Analogie zu CaOfrei – werden somit ungebundenes MgO und Magnesiowüstite mit > 40% MgO bezeichnet.