bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Avoided Deforestation Linked to Environmental Registration of Properties in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Alix‐Garcia Jennifer , Rausch Lisa L. , L'Roe Jessica , Gibbs Holly K. , Munger Jacob 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe quantified the avoided deforestation impacts of environmental land registration in Brazil's Amazonian states of Mato Grosso and Pará between 2005 and 2014. We find that the program reduced deforestation on registered lands. The magnitude of the effect implies that deforestation in the two states would have been 10% higher in the absence of the program. The impacts of registration varied over time, likely due to changing suites of policies linking environmental registration to land use incentives. Our results also reveal that agriculturally suitable lands and those located in regions undergoing the most land‐use change were more likely to be registered than those in less suitable, less dynamic regions. We conclude that environmental registration is an important first step in implementing avoided deforestation policies targeting private landholders.
The midwife–woman relationship in a South Wales community: Experiences of midwives and migrant Pakistani women in early pregnancy
Authors: Goodwin Laura , Hunter Billie , Jones Aled 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundIn 2015, 27.5% of births in England and Wales were to mothers born outside of the UK. Compared to their White British peers, minority ethnic and migrant women are at a significantly higher risk of maternal and perinatal mortality, along with lower maternity care satisfaction. Existing literature highlights the importance of midwife–woman relationships in care satisfaction and pregnancy outcomes; however, little research has explored midwife–woman relationships for migrant and minority ethnic women in the UK.MethodsA focused ethnography was conducted in South Wales, UK, including semi‐structured interviews with 9 migrant Pakistani participants and 11 practising midwives, fieldwork in the local migrant Pakistani community and local maternity services, observations of antenatal appointments, and reviews of relevant media. Thematic data analysis was undertaken concurrently with data collection.FindingsThe midwife–woman relationship was important for participants' experiences of care. Numerous social and ecological factors influenced this relationship, including family relationships, culture and religion, differing health‐care systems, authoritative knowledge and communication of information. Marked differences were seen between midwives and women in the perceived importance of these factors.ConclusionsFindings provide new theoretical insights into the complex factors contributing to the health‐care expectations of pregnant migrant Pakistani women in the UK. These findings may be used to create meaningful dialogue between women and midwives, encourage women's involvement in decisions about their health care and facilitate future midwifery education and research. Conclusions are relevant to a broad international audience, as achieving better outcomes for migrant and ethnic minority communities is of global concern.
Recovery‐focussed care: How it can be utilized to reduce aggression in the acute mental health setting
Authors: Lim Eric , Wynaden Dianne , Heslop Karen 
Published: September 2017

AbstractConsumer aggression is common in the acute mental health inpatient setting. Mental health nurses can utilize a range of interventions to prevent aggression or reduce its impact on the person and others who have witnessed the event. Incorporating recovery‐focussed care into clinical practice is one intervention, as it fosters collaborative partnerships with consumers. It promotes their engagement in decisions about their care and encourages self‐management of their presenting behaviours. It also allows the consumer to engage in their personal recovery as their mental health improve. Yet there is a paucity of literature on how nurses can utilize recovery‐focussed care with consumers who are hospitalized and in the acute phase of their illness. In the present study, we report the findings of a scoping review of the literature to identify how recovery‐focussed care can be utilized by nurses to reduce the risk of consumer aggression. Thirty‐five papers met the inclusion criteria for review. Four components were identified as central to the use of recovery‐focussed care with consumers at risk of becoming aggressive: (i) seeing the person and not just their presenting behaviour; (ii) interact, don't react; (iii) coproduction to achieve identified goals; and (iv) equipping the consumer as an active manager of their recovery. The components equip nurses with strategies to decrease the risk of aggression, while encouraging consumers to self‐manage their challenging behaviours and embark on their personal recovery journey. Further research is required to evaluate the translation of these components clinically in the acute care setting.
Documentation of pharmaceutical care: Validation of an intervention oriented classification system
Authors: Maes Karen A. , Studer Helene , Berger Jérôme , Hersberger Kurt E. , Lampert Markus L. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesDuring the dispensing process, pharmacists may come across technical and clinical issues requiring a pharmaceutical intervention (PI). An intervention‐oriented classification system is a helpful tool to document these PIs in a structured manner. Therefore, we developed the PharmDISC classification system (Pharmacists' Documentation of Interventions in Seamless Care). The aim of this study was to evaluate the PharmDISC system in the daily practice environment (in terms of interrater reliability, appropriateness, interpretability, acceptability, feasibility, and validity); to assess its user satisfaction, the descriptive manual, and the online training; and to explore first implementation aspects.MethodTwenty‐one pharmacists from different community pharmacies each classified 30 prescriptions requiring a PI with the PharmDISC system on 5 selected days within 5 weeks. Interrater reliability was determined using model PIs and Fleiss's kappa coefficients (κ) were calculated. User satisfaction was assessed by questionnaire with a 4‐point Likert scale. The main outcome measures were interrater reliability (κ); appropriateness, interpretability, validity (ratio of completely classified PIs/all PIs); feasibility, and acceptability (user satisfaction and suggestions).ResultsThe PharmDISC system reached an average substantial agreement (κ = 0.66). Of documented 519 PIs, 430 (82.9%) were completely classified. Most users found the system comprehensive (median user agreement 3 [2/3.25 quartiles]) and practical (3[2.75/3]). The PharmDISC system raised the awareness regarding drug‐related problems for most users (n = 16). To facilitate its implementation, an electronic version that automatically connects to the prescription together with a task manager for PIs needing follow‐up was suggested. Barriers could be time expenditure and lack of understanding the benefits.ConclusionSubstantial interrater reliability and acceptable user satisfaction indicate that the PharmDISC system is a valid system to document PIs in daily community pharmacy practice.
Creating falseness—How to establish statistical evidence of the untrue
Authors: Lytsy Per 
Published: September 2017

AbstractNull hypothesis significance testing is the typical statistical approach in search of the truthfulness of hypotheses. This method does not formally consider the prior credence in the hypothesis, which affects the chances of reaching correct conclusions. When scientifically implausible or empirically weakly supported hypotheses are tested, there is an increased risk that a positive finding in a test in fact is false positive. This article argues that when scientifically weakly supported hypotheses are tested repeatedly—such as when studying the clinical effects of homeopathy—the accumulation of false positive study findings will risk providing false evidence also in systematic reviews and meta‐analyses. False positive findings are detrimental to science and society, as once published, they accumulate persistent untrue evidence, which risks giving rise to nonpurposive research programmes, policy changes, and promotion of ineffective treatments. The problems with false positive findings are discussed, and advice is given on how to minimize the problem. The standard of evidence of a hypothesis should depend not only on the results of statistical analyses but also on its a priori support. Positive findings from studies investigating hypotheses with poor theoretical and empirical foundations should be viewed as tentative until the results are replicated and/or the hypothesis gains more empirical evidence supporting it as likely to be true.
Concentration of phenolic compounds from apple pomace extracts by nanofiltration at lab and pilot scale with a techno‐economic assessment
Authors: Uyttebroek Maarten , Vandezande Pieter , Van Dael Miet , Vloemans Sam , Noten Bart , Bongers Bas , Porto‐Carrero Wim , Muñiz Unamunzaga Maria , Bulut Metin , Lemmens Bert 
Published: September 2017

AbstractApple pomace can be used as resource for the extraction of phenolic compounds with antioxidant properties. Pressing of apple in juice and pomace at lab scale in open air (aerobic) and under N2 atmosphere (anaerobic) showed a recovery of phenolic compounds of 85% in juice and pomace after anaerobic pressing, compared to 43% after aerobic pressing, indicating loss of phenolic compounds by oxidation and the advantage of anaerobic over aerobic pressing. After a membrane screening and concentration test at lab scale, the commercial nanofiltration membrane NFX was selected to concentrate phenolic compounds in an ethanol : water extract of apple pomace. At pilot scale, the concencentration of 10 selected phenolic compounds and quinic acid increased from 59.5 mg/L in the ethanol : water extract to 1256.1 mg/L in the final retentate, that is, by a factor 21.1. The volume of the crude extract was reduced by a factor of 28.5 during the filtration, indicating some loss of phenolic compounds during pilot testing due to membrane fouling or oxidation of polyphenols. The pilot concentration test using a spiral‐wound membrane module showed good flux and concentration of phenolic compounds, indicating the technical feasibility of membrane technology for efficient concentration of polyphenols in an ethanol : water extraction solvent. Unfortunately, the extraction and concentration process was not economically feasible under the assumptions made.Practical applicationsThe valorization of food waste for the production of high‐added value products is an increasingly hot topic. Phytochemicals are present in relatively low concentration in the fruit matrix, and concentration in the extraction solvent is necessary to develop an industrially relevant process. In this study, membrane filtration was selected for concentration due to its low energy consumption and mild processing conditions compared to other technologies. Membrane screening and testing at lab and pilot scale with techno‐economic assessment can be used by food and nutraceutical industries to evaluate membrane technology for concentration of phytochemicals extracted from agroindustrial by‐products.
Age does not influence efficacy of ramucirumab in advanced gastric cancer: Subgroup analyses of REGARD and RAINBOW
Authors: Muro Kei , Cho Jae Yong , Bodoky Gyorgy , Goswami Chanchal , Chao Yee , dos Santos Lucas V , Shimada Yasuhiro , Topuzov Eldar , Van Cutsem Eric , Tabernero Josep , Zalcberg John , Chau Ian , Cascinu Stefano , Cheng Rebecca , Hsu Yanzhi , Emig Michael , Orlando Mauro , Fuchs Charles 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackground and AimREGARD and RAINBOW were global, phase 3, randomized, double‐blind trials of second‐line ramucirumab for metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma. Exploratory subgroup analyses were described to assess the efficacy and safety of ramucirumab in REGARD and RAINBOW in young (≤ 45 and < 65 years) and elderly (≥ 65, ≥ 70, and ≥ 75 years) patients.MethodsPatients were randomized 2:1 to receive ramucirumab plus best supportive care or placebo plus best supportive care (REGARD) or 1:1 to ramucirumab plus paclitaxel or placebo plus paclitaxel (RAINBOW). Subpopulation Treatment Effect Pattern Plots assessed efficacy and adverse events by age groups for ramucirumab versus placebo.ResultsThe hazard ratios (HRs) for overall survival favored treatment with ramucirumab: REGARD ≤ 45 years (HR: 0.59, 95% confidence interval: 0.27–1.26), < 65 years (0.80, 0.59–1.10), ≥ 65 years (0.72, 0.48–1.08), ≥ 70 years (0.73, 0.44–1.23), and ≥ 75 years (0.59, 0.25–1.37); and RAINBOW ≤ 45 years (0.56, 0.33–0.93), < 65 years (0.78, 0.63–0.97), ≥ 65 years (0.88, 0.66–1.18), and ≥ 70 years (0.88, 0.60–1.28). The exception was elderly patients aged ≥ 75 years in RAINBOW (0.97, 0.47–2.01); however, patient numbers were low in this subgroup (n = 36). Similar findings were observed for progression‐free survival, for which HRs numerically favored ramucirumab‐treated patients. Adverse events (including grade ≥ 3) were not associated with age.ConclusionsIn comparison with placebo, ramucirumab conferred improvements in efficacy across age groups with a tolerable safety profile. Despite some limitations, these exploratory analyses support the use of ramucirumab in advanced gastric cancer, irrespective of age.
Reduced 30‐day gastrostomy placement mortality following the introduction of a multidisciplinary nutrition support team: a cohort study
Authors: Hvas C. L. , Farrer K. , Blackett B. , Lloyd H. , Paine P. , Lal S. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundPercutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy feeding allows patients with dysphagia to receive adequate nutritional support, although gastrostomy insertion is associated with mortality. A nutrition support team (NST) may improve a gastrostomy service. The present study aimed to evaluate the introduction of a NST for assessment and follow‐up of patients referred for gastrostomy.MethodsWe included adult inpatients referred for gastrostomy insertion consecutively between 1 October 2010 and 31 March 2013. During the first 6 months, a multidisciplinary NST assessment service was implemented. Patient characteristics, clinical condition, referral appropriateness and follow‐up were documented prospectively. We compared the frequencies of appropriate referrals, 30‐day mortality and mental capacity/consent assessment time spent between the 6 months implementation phase and 2 years following establishment of the assessment service (‘established phase’).ResultsIn total, 309 patients were referred for gastrostomy insertion and 199 (64%) gastrostomies placed. The percentage of appropriate referrals rose from 72% (61/85) during the implementation phase to 87% (194/224) during the established phase (P = 0.002). Thirty‐day mortality reduced from 10% (5/52) to 2% (3/147) (P = 0.01), whereas time allocated to assessment of mental capacity and attainment of informed consent rose from mean 3 days (limits of normal variation 0–7) to mean 6 (0–13) days.ConclusionsThe introduction of a NST to assess and select patients referred for gastrostomy placement was associated with a rise in the frequency of appropriate referrals and a decrease in 30‐day mortality following gastrostomy insertion. Concomitantly, time spent on patient assessment and attainment of informed consent increased.
Planetary Health and the Role of Nursing: A Call to Action
Authors: Kurth Ann E. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPurposeTo discuss the drivers of planetary health, responses, and the role of nursing in making health systems more resilient in an era of increasing stresses. As health providers, scientists, educators, and leaders, nurses have an obligation to prepare for climate change and other impacts of ecosystem strain on human health.Design and MethodsReview of literature relevant to a planetary health framework.FindingsPopulation displacement, new disease patterns and health needs, stresses on air quality, food production and water systems, and equity concerns, as well as the generation of sustainable energy, are all intimately related to health.ConclusionsNurses are key to achieving the sustainable development goals that, like the planetary health framework, focus on environmental sustainability and human well‐being. Nurses contribute to resilient health systems, as trusted leaders and providers of health care, and as advocates and change makers impacting the world.Clinical RelevanceIt is critical that nurses and other health professionals consider the multiple effects of ecosystem strain on human health, and anticipate population health and health system planning and response.
Consumption of dietary supplements by Chinese women during pregnancy and postpartum: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Tang Li , Lee Andy H. , Yau Kelvin K. W. , Hui Yer Van , Binns Colin W. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to investigate usage patterns and factors associated with maternal dietary supplementation by Chinese women. A prospective cohort study of 695 mothers, who gave birth to a singleton baby, was conducted in Jiangyou, Sichuan Province of China. Information on dietary supplement use was collected from participants by personal interview at hospital discharge and followed up by telephone at 1, 3, and 6 months postpartum. Logistic regression analysis and generalised linear‐mixed modelling were performed to determine factors affecting dietary supplementation during pregnancy and the first 6 months postpartum, respectively. A total of 81.8 and 32.1% of women consumed dietary supplements during pregnancy and postpartum, respectively. Calcium was the most popular supplement (pregnancy 63.9%; postpartum 28.1%), whereas folic acid was only taken during pregnancy (62.3%) with an average usage duration of 2.5 (standard deviation 1.3) months among users. High school and above education, adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 2.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.63, 4.38], and attendance at prenatal classes (adjusted OR = 1.99, 95% CI [1.05, 3.76]) were associated with dietary supplementation during pregnancy. Mothers with a higher level of education (adjusted OR = 3.10, 95% CI [1.81, 5.30]) were also more likely to use dietary supplements in the postpartum period. Although dietary supplementation appeared to be common among Chinese mothers, maternal intake of folic acid was well below the guidelines. There is a need for further nutrition education on maternal use of micronutrient supplements, especially targeting mothers who are less educated.
Resveratrol and cancer treatment: updates
Authors: Jiang Zhengdong , Chen Ke , Cheng Liang , Yan Bin , Qian Weikun , Cao Junyu , Li Jie , Wu Erxi , Ma Qingyong , Yang Wei 
Published: September 2017

AbstractCancer, a growing health problem worldwide, affects millions of people every year. The overall survival rates of most cancers have been prolonged owing to the efforts of clinicians and scientists. However, some tumors develop resistance to chemoradiotherapeutic agents, and the cancer research community continues to search for effective sensitizers. Resveratrol, a natural polyphenolic phytoalexin, has shown promising effects in inhibiting proliferation and cancer progression in several tumor models. However, its molecular mechanisms and applications in chemotherapy and radiotherapy have yet to be fully determined. In this concise review, we highlight the role and related molecular mechanisms of resveratrol in cancer treatment. In particular, we focus on the role of resveratrol in the tumor microenvironment and the sensitization of cancer cells for chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Resveratrol shows promising efficacies in cancer treatment and may be applied in clinical therapy, but it requires further clinical study.
Philosophical determinants of obesity as a disease
Authors: Kilov D. , Kilov G. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryIs obesity a disease? Much ink has been spilled over this debate and for good reasons. The global prevalence of obesity has more than doubled since the 1980s and is now of pandemic proportions. Whether obesity is a disease has consequences for what kind of treatments are appropriate, as well as how we ought to allocate funding and access to healthcare resources. In most cases, there is no dispute over the medical facts, yet disagreement persists. This is because whether obesity is a disease is not determined by medical facts alone; the issue is, in part, conceptual. Science relies on careful argumentation and conceptual analysis as part of its armamentarium. In this review, we will examine the two concepts of disease most often employed in the philosophy of medicine: the naturalistic and constructivist. We will argue that, whichever definition of a disease is used, obesity fits the criteria for disease definition. Those seeking to meet the challenge of managing obesity will, therefore, need to embrace chronic disease models of care suited to addressing the lifelong challenge posed by this disease and its associated complications.
Effect of Asymmetric Tension on Biomechanics and Metabolism of Vertebral Epiphyseal Plate in a Rodent Model of Scoliosis
Authors: Li Qian‐yi , Zhong Gui‐bin , Liu Zu‐de , Lao Li‐feng 
Published: September 2017

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of asymmetric tension on idiopathic scoliosis (IS) and to understand its pathogenic mechanism.MethodsThe rodent model of scoliosis was established using Sprague–Dawley rats with left rib‐tethering from T6 to T12, tail and shoulder amputation, and high‐cage feeding. Vertebrae epiphyseal cartilage plates were harvested from the convex and concave sides. To analyze differences on the convex and concave sides, finite element analysis was carried out to determine the mechanical stress. Protein expression on epiphyseal cartilage was evaluated by western blot. Micro‐CT was taken to evaluate the bone quality of vertebral on both sides.ResultsScoliosis curves presented in X‐ray radiographs of the rats. Finite element analysis was carried out on the axial and transverse tension of the spine. Stresses of the convex side were −170.14, −373.18, and −3832.32 MPa (X, Y, and Z axis, respectively), while the concave side showed stresses of 361.99, 605.55, and 3661.95 MPa. Collagen type II, collagen type X, Sox 9, RunX2, VEGF, and aggrecan were expressed significantly more on the convex side (P < 0.05). There was asymmetric expression of protein on the epiphyseal cartilage plate at molecular level. Compared with the convex side, the concave side had significantly lower value in the BV/TV and Tb.N, but higher value in the Tb.Sp (P < 0.05). There was asymmetry of bone quality in micro‐architecture.ConclusionsIn this study, asymmetric tension contributed to asymmetry in protein expression and bone quality on vertebral epiphyseal plates, ultimately resulting in asymmetry of anatomy. In addition, asymmetry of anatomy aggravated asymmetric tension. It is the first study to show that there is an asymmetrical vicious circle in IS.