bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facile Construction of Quinoline‐2‐carboxylate Esters through Aerobic Oxidation of Alkyl 4‐Anilinocrotonates Induced by a Radical Cation Salt
Authors: Jia Xiaodong , Li Pengfei , Shao Yu , Yuan Yu , Hou Wentao , Liu Xiaofei , Zhang Xuewen , Ji Honghe 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA facile construction of quinoline‐2‐carboxylate esters through an aerobic oxidation of alkyl 4‐anilinocrotonates is described. In the presence of dioxygen, sp3 C−H bonds in 4‐anilinocrotonates can easily be oxidized by using a catalytic amount of a radical cation salt, providing a radical intermediate. After further oxidation and domino cyclization, the desired quinoline derivatives were afforded in high yields. This reaction provides a new way to construct the pharmaceutically relevant quinoline skeleton, avoiding harsh reaction conditions and tedious starting material synthesis.
Fast and parallel determination of PCB 77 and PCB 180 in plasma using ultra performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection: A pharmacokinetic study in Swiss albino mouse
Authors: Ramanujam N. , Sivaselvakumar M. , Ramalingam S. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA simple, sensitive and reproducible ultra‐performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) method has been developed and validated for simultaneous estimation of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) 77 and PCB 180 in mouse plasma. The sample preparation was performed by simple liquid–liquid extraction technique. The analytes were chromatographed on a Waters Acquity H class UPLC system using isocratic mobile phase conditions at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min and Acquity UPLC BEH shield RP18 column maintained at 35°C. Quantification was performed on a photodiode array detector set at 215 nm and PCB 101 was used as internal standard (IS). PCB 77, PCB 180, and IS retention times were 2.6, 4.7 and 2.8 min, respectively, and the total run time was 6 min. The method was validated for specificity, selectivity, recovery, linearity, accuracy, precision and sample stability. The calibration curve was linear over the concentration range 10–3000 ng/mL for PCB 77 and PCB 180. Intra‐ and inter‐day precisions for PCBs 77 and 180 were found to be good with CV <4.64%, and the accuracy ranged from 98.90 to 102.33% in mouse plasma. The validated UPLC method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of PCBs 77 and 180 in mouse plasma.
Development and validation of a sensitive UHPLC–MS/MS method for quantitative analysis of farrerol in rat plasma: Application to pharmacokinetic and bioavailability studies
Authors: Piao Li , Zang Mingcui , Gu Yue , Liu Baohua 
Published: May 2017

AbstractFarrerol is a 2,3‐dihydro‐flavonoid isolated from rhododendron. In this study, a sensitive and selective ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS) method was developed for the determination of farrerol in rat plasma. Liquid–liquid extraction by ethyl ether was used for sample preparation. Chromatographic separation was achieved on an Agilent UHPLC XDB‐C18 column (2.1 × 100 mm, 1.8 μm) with water and methanol (30:70, v/v) as the mobile phase. An electrospray source was applied and operated in negative ion mode; selection reaction monitoring was used for quantification using target fragment ions m/z 299 → 179 for farrerol and m/z 267 → 252 for internal standard. Calibration plots were linear in the range of 2.88–1440 ng/mL for farrerol in rat plasma. Intra‐ and inter‐day precisions were <11.6%, and the accuracy ranged from −13.9 to 11.9%. The UHPLC–MS/MS method was successfully applied in pharmacokinetics and bioavailability studies of farrerol in rats.
Sustainable Retailing – Influencing Consumer Behaviour on Food Waste
Authors: Young C. William , Russell Sally V. , Robinson Cheryl A. , Chintakayala Phani Kumar 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe aim of this research was to examine the influence of a UK national retailer on its customers' food waste behaviour. Using six communication channels (in‐store magazine, e‐newsletter, Facebook site, product stickers and in‐store demonstrations), Asda presented standard food waste reduction messages to its customers during two time limited periods in 2014 and 2015. Six national surveys over 21 months tracked customers' self‐reported food waste. Our results showed that the combined communication channels and repeated messages over time had a significant effect on reducing food waste of customers. Surprisingly, customers who said they did not recall seeing the messages also reduced their food waste, showing the wider influence of interventions. Those who saw a food waste reduction message saved an estimated £81 annually from reducing food waste. The main conclusion of this paper is that retailers can influence the pro‐environmental behaviour of customers using conventional communication channels; however, repeat messages are needed in order to have a long‐term impact. © 2017 The Authors. Business Strategy and the Environment published by ERP Environment and John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Fibrillar collagen genes are not coordinately upregulated with TGF β1 expression in finasteride‐treated prostate
Authors: Delella Flávia Karina , de Almeida Fernanda Losi Alves , Nunes Helga Caputo , Rinaldi Jaqueline Carvalho , Felisbino Sérgio Luis 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBenign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common cause of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in older men. In this regard, recent studies have attempted to define the relationships between prostatic fibrosis, LUTS, and increased expression of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF β1) in BHP. Therapeutic approaches for BPH such as 5‐α‐reductase inhibitors and alpha‐adrenergic blocking agents increase TGF β1 expression in the prostatic tissue. Here, we investigated the effects of the 5‐α‐reductase inhibitor—finasteride—on rat ventral prostate tissue, especially with regard to the tissue distribution and gene expression of fibrillar collagens. Adult Wistar rats (n = 15) were treated with finasteride (25 mg/kg/day) by subcutaneous injection for 7 and 30 days. Age‐matched, vehicle‐treated (n = 15) adult Wistar rats were used as control. Finasteride treatment reduced prostate size and increased the area of types I and III collagen fibers in the prostatic stroma. As expected, TGF β1 mRNA expression was upregulated by finasteride treatment. However, COL1A1 and COL3A1 mRNA expressions decreased after both 7 and 30 days of finasteride treatment, suggesting that finasteride treatment promotes prostate parenchyma and stroma changes, which lead to the observed types I and III collagen remodeling without de novo collagen synthesis. The upregulation of TGF β1 mRNA and protein associated with the 5‐α‐reductase inhibitor is more closely related to epithelial and stromal cell death pathways than to prostatic fibrosis.
A Continuous‐Flow Process for Palladium‐Catalyzed Olefin Cleavage by using Oxygen within the Explosive Regime
Authors: Hone Christopher A. , O'Kearney‐McMullan Anne , Munday Rachel , Kappe C. Oliver 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA continuous‐flow protocol for Pd‐catalyzed olefin cleavage by using molecular oxygen as the sole oxidant to give carbonyl compounds was explored. The developed flow protocol allowed the use of a low catalyst loading (0.1 mol %), and decomposition of the active catalyst was prevented through stabilization by poly(ethylene glycol)‐400 (PEG‐400), which was present as a cosolvent. Radical scavengers inhibited the reaction, which indicated the involvement of a free‐radical path in the reaction mechanism. The applicability of the continuous‐flow protocol was demonstrated on several olefin substrates. The continuous‐flow process enabled safe and scalable olefin cleavage.
Water‐Soluble Iridium N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes for the Alkylation of Amines with Alcohols
Authors: Fernandes Ana , Royo Beatriz 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA new series of water‐soluble Ir complexes with N‐heterocyclic carbene ligands that bear ester and amide groups has been obtained and fully characterized. The new complexes are highly reactive and selective for the alkylation of amines with alcohols with a 1:1 ratio of reactants in water and in the absence of base or other additives. The catalytic system has a broad substrate scope, which allows the synthesis of a variety of primary and secondary amines in excellent yields. A tolerance to a large range of functional groups was obtained.
A New Potent Inhibitor of Glycogen Phosphorylase Reveals the Basicity of the Catalytic Site
Authors: Mamais Michael , Degli Esposti Alessandra , Kouloumoundra Virginia , Gustavsson Thomas , Monti Filippo , Venturini Alessandro , Chrysina Evangelia D. , Markovitsi Dimitra , Gimisis Thanasis 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe design and synthesis of a glucose‐based acridone derivative (GLAC), a potent inhibitor of glycogen phosphorylase (GP) are described. GLAC is the first inhibitor of glycogen phosphorylase, the electronic absorption properties of which are clearly distinguishable from those of the enzyme. This allows probing subtle interactions in the catalytic site. The GLAC absorption spectra, associated with X‐ray crystallography and quantum chemistry calculations, reveal that part of the catalytic site of GP behaves as a highly basic environment in which GLAC exists as a bis‐anion. This is explained by water‐bridged hydrogen‐bonding interactions with specific catalytic site residues.
Two‐Dimensional Metal‐Organic Layers as a Bright and Processable Phosphor for Fast White‐Light Communication
Authors: Hu Xuefu , Wang Zi , Lin Bangjiang , Zhang Cankun , Cao Lingyun , Wang Tingting , Zhang Jingzheng , Wang Cheng , Lin Wenbin 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA metal–organic layer (MOL) is a new type of 2D material that is derived from metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) by reducing one dimension to a single layer or a few layers. Tetraphenylethylene‐based tetracarboxylate ligands (TCBPE), with aggregation‐induced emission properties, were assembled into the first luminescent MOL by linking with Zr6O4(OH)6(H2O)2(HCO2)6 clusters. The emissive MOL can replace the lanthanide phosphors in white light emitting diodes (WLEDs) with remarkable processability, color rendering, and brightness. Importantly, the MOL‐WLED exhibited a physical switching speed three times that of commercial WLEDs, which is crucial for visible‐light communication (VLC), an alternative wireless communication technology to Wi‐Fi and Bluetooth, by using room lighting to carry transmitted signals. The short fluorescence lifetime (2.6 ns) together with high quantum yield (50 %) of the MOL affords fast switching of the assembled WLEDs for efficient information encoding and transmission.
Formation of Tough Films by Evaporation of Water from Dispersions of Elastomer Microspheres Crosslinked with Rotaxane Supramolecules
Authors: Hiroshige Seina , Kureha Takuma , Aoki Daichi , Sawada Jun , Aoki Daisuke , Takata Toshikazu , Suzuki Daisuke 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCompared to rigid microspheres that consist, for example, of polystyrene or silica, soft and deformable elastomer microspheres can be used to generate colorless transparent films upon evaporating the solvent from microsphere‐containing dispersions. To obtain tough films, a post‐polymerization reaction to crosslink the microspheres is usually necessary, which requires extra additives during the drying process. This restriction renders this film‐formation technology complex and rather unsuitable for applications in which impurities are undesirable. In the present study, it is demonstrated that tough elastomer microspheres that are crosslinked with rotaxanes can form tough bulk films upon evaporation of water from microsphere dispersions, so that post‐polymerization reactions are not required. The results of this study should thus lead to new applications including coatings for biomaterials that need complete removal of all impurities from the materials prior to use.
Synthesis, Photophysical Characterization, and Self‐Assembly of Hexa‐peri‐hexabenzocoronene/Benzothiadiazole Donor–Acceptor Structure
Authors: Hu Yunbin , Dössel Lukas F. , Wang Xiao‐Ye , Mahesh Sankarapillai , Pisula Wojciech , De Feyter Steven , Feng Xinliang , Müllen Klaus , Narita Akimitsu 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHexa‐peri‐hexabenzocoronene (HBC) substituted by six benzothiadiazole (BTZ) units with ethynylene bridges is synthesized as a new donor–acceptor (D–A) motif. The C≡C bridges significantly reduce the dihedral angles between HBC and BTZ, and thus, lead to a planar molecular conformation as predicted by density functional theory calculations. The optoelectronic properties are investigated by UV/Vis absorption and emission spectroscopies with absorption and emission maxima at 424 and 650 nm, respectively, demonstrating the tunable electronic structures of HBC through the attachment of electron‐withdrawing BTZ units. Two‐dimensional wide‐angle X‐ray scattering analysis shows that the molecules self‐assemble into liquid‐crystalline columns with high stability over a wide temperature range. Scanning tunneling microscopy reveals the formation of ordered bilayers of the D–A molecules with star‐shaped structures.
Improved panels for clinical immune phenotyping: Utilization of the violet laser
Authors: Ryherd Mark , Plassmeyer Matthew , Alexander Connor , Eugenio Ines , Kleschenko Yuliya , Badger Ariel , Gupta Raavi , Alpan Oral , Sønder Søren Ulrik 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundClinical diagnostic laboratories are subject to numerous regulations imposed by government agencies. Laboratory developed tests for flow cytometry panels are essentially restricted to the use of analyte‐specific reagents (ASR) antibodies. With the advances in clinical flow cytometry systems, there is a trend toward the utilization of blue/red/violet laser flow systems and 8 to 10‐color panels. Currently, the selection of commercially available ASR antibodies for the violet laser is very limited. The market is dominated by Brilliant Violet 421 (BV421) manufactured by BD Biosciences and Pacific Blue (PB) manufactured by Beckman Coulter. In this study, we compare BV421 and PB conjugated ASR antibodies.MethodsWhole blood was stained and acquired on a Gallios flow cytometer system. For single color staining, the stain index (SI) was calculated. For the two panels, the compensation matrix was calculated and the performance of the antibody cocktails analyzed in FCS Express.ResultsThe results show that five out of six tested BV421 conjugated antibodies have significantly higher SI than their PB counterparts. Furthermore, BV421 antibodies require less compensation for spillover than PB. Finally, BV421 conjugated antibodies give better separation between negative and positive populations in the context of an 8 and 10 color panel without affecting the intensity of the other dyes.ConclusionsOverall, using BV421 conjugated antibodies results in better separation between populations compared to PB conjugated antibodies without negatively affecting other fluorochromes in our panels. We conclude that the BV421 conjugated ASR antibodies are currently the better available option for clinical flow panels. © 2017 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Neurotransmitters behind pain relief with transcranial magnetic stimulation – positron emission tomography evidence for release of endogenous opioids
Authors: Lamusuo S. , Hirvonen J. , Lindholm P. , Martikainen I. K. , Hagelberg N. , Parkkola R. , Taiminen T. , Hietala J. , Helin S. , Virtanen A. , Pertovaara A. , Jääskeläinen S.K. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) at M1/S1 cortex has been shown to alleviate neuropathic pain.ObjectivesTo investigate the possible neurobiological correlates of cortical neurostimulation for the pain relief.MethodsWe studied the effects of M1/S1 rTMS on nociception, brain dopamine D2 and μ‐opioid receptors using a randomized, sham‐controlled, double‐blinded crossover study design and 3D‐positron emission tomography (PET). Ten healthy subjects underwent active and sham rTMS treatments to the right M1/S1 cortex with E‐field navigated device. Dopamine D2 and μ‐receptor availabilities were assessed with PET radiotracers [11C]raclopride and [11C]carfentanil after each rTMS treatment. Thermal quantitative sensory testing (QST), contact heat evoked potential (CHEP) and blink reflex (BR) recordings were performed between the PET scans.Resultsμ‐Opioid receptor availability was lower after active than sham rTMS (P ≤ 0.0001) suggested release of endogenous opioids in the right ventral striatum, medial orbitofrontal, prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices, and left insula, superior temporal gyrus, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and precentral gyrus. There were no differences in striatal dopamine D2 receptor availability between active and sham rTMS, consistent with lack of long‐lasting measurable dopamine release. Active rTMS potentiated the dopamine‐regulated habituation of the BR compared to sham (P = 0.02). Thermal QST and CHEP remained unchanged after active rTMS.ConclusionsrTMS given to M1/S1 activates the endogenous opioid system in a wide brain network associated with processing of pain and other salient stimuli. Direct enhancement of top‐down opioid‐mediated inhibition may partly explain the clinical analgesic effects of rTMS.SignificanceNeurobiological correlates of rTMS for the pain relief are unclear. rTMS on M1/S1 with 11C‐carfentanyl‐PET activates endogenous opioids. Thermal and heat pain thresholds remain unchanged. rTMS induces top‐down opioid‐mediated inhibition but not change the sensory discrimination of painful stimuli.
Resilience in ecotoxicology: Toward a multiple equilibrium concept
Authors: Bundschuh Mirco , Schulz Ralf , Schäfer Ralf B. , Allen Craig R. , Angeler David G. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

The term resilience describes stress–response patterns across scientific disciplines. In ecology, advances have been made to clearly define resilience based on underlying mechanistic assumptions. Engineering resilience (rebound) is used to describe the ability of organisms to recover from adverse conditions (disturbances), which is termed the rate of recovery. By contrast, the ecological resilience definition considers a systemic change, that is, when ecosystems reorganize into a new regime following disturbance. Under this new regime, structural and functional aspects change considerably relative to the previous regime, without recovery. In this context, resilience is an emergent property of complex systems. In the present study, we argue that both definitions and uses are appropriate in ecotoxicology, and although the differences are subtle, the implications and uses are profoundly different. We discuss resilience concepts in ecotoxicology, where the prevailing view of resilience is engineering resilience from chemical stress. Ecological resilience may also be useful for describing systemic ecological changes because of chemical stress. We present quantitative methods that allow ecotoxicologists and risk managers to assess whether an ecosystem faces an impending regime shift or whether it has already undergone such a shift. We contend that engineering and ecological resilience help to distinguish ecotoxicological responses to chemical stressors mechanistically and thus have implications for theory, policy, and application. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2574–2580. © 2017 SETAC
Comprehensive characterization of the acute and chronic toxicity of the neonicotinoid insecticide thiamethoxam to a suite of aquatic primary producers, invertebrates, and fish
Authors: Finnegan Meaghean C. , Baxter Leilan R. , Maul Jonathan D. , Hanson Mark L. , Hoekstra Paul F. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Thiamethoxam is a neonicotinoid insecticide used widely in agriculture to control a broad spectrum of chewing and sucking insect pests. Recent detection of thiamethoxam in surface waters has raised interest in characterizing the potential impacts of this insecticide to aquatic organisms. We report the results of toxicity testing (acute and chronic) conducted under good laboratory practices for more than 30 freshwater species (insects, molluscs, crustaceans, algae, macrophytes, and fish) and 4 marine species (an alga, a mollusc, a crustacean, and a fish). As would be anticipated for a neonicotinoid, aquatic primary producers and fish were the least sensitive organisms tested, with acute median lethal and effect concentrations (LC50/EC50) observed to be ≥80 mg/L in all cases, which far exceeds surface water exposure concentrations. Tested molluscs, worms, and rotifers were similarly insensitive (EC50 ≥ 100 mg/L), except for Lumbriculus sp., with an EC50 of 7.7 mg/L. In general, insects were the most sensitive group in the study, with most acute EC50 values &lt; 1 mg/L. However, the crustaceans Asellus aquaticus and Ostracoda exhibited a sensitivity similar to that of insects (acute EC50 &lt; 1 mg/L), and the midge larvae Chaoborus sp. were relatively insensitive compared with other insects (EC50 &gt; 5.5 mg/L). The most sensitive chronic response was for Chironomus riparius, with a 30-d no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC; emergence) of 0.01 mg/L. Observed toxicity to the tested marine organisms was comparable to that of freshwater species. We used the reported data to construct species sensitivity distributions for thiamethoxam, to calculate 5% hazard concentrations (HC5s) for acute data (freshwater invertebrates), and compared these with measured concentrations from relevant North American surface waters. Overall, based on acute toxicity endpoints, the potential acute risk to freshwater organisms was found to be minimal (likelihood of exceeding HC5s &lt; 1%). Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2838–2848. © 2017 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
A nonrandom subset of olfactory genes is associated with host preference in the fruit flyDrosophila orena
Authors: Comeault Aaron A. , Serrato-Capuchina Antonio , Turissini David A. , McLaughlin Patrick J. , David Jean R. , Matute Daniel R. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSpecialization onto different host plants has been hypothesized to be a major driver of diversification in insects, and traits controlling olfaction have been shown to play a fundamental role in host preferences. A diverse set of olfactory genes control olfactory traits in insects, and it remains unclear whether specialization onto different hosts is likely to involve a nonrandom subset of these genes. Here, we test the role of olfactory genes in a novel case of specialization in Drosophila orena. We report the first population-level sample of D. orena on the West African island of Bioko, since its initial collection in Cameroon in 1975, and use field experiments and behavioral assays to show that D. orena has evolved a strong preference for waterberry (Syzygium staudtii). We then show that a nonrandom subset of genes controlling olfaction-–those controlling odorant-binding and chemosensory proteins–-have an enriched signature of positive selection relative to the rest of the D. orena genome. By comparing signatures of positive selection on olfactory genes between D. orena and its sister species, D. erecta we show that odorant-binding and chemosensory have evidence of positive selection in both species; however, overlap in the specific genes with evidence of selection in these two classes is not greater than expected by chance. Finally, we use quantitative complementation tests to confirm a role for seven olfactory loci in D. orena’s preference for waterberry fruit. Together, our results suggest that D. orena and D. erecta have specialized onto different host plants through convergent evolution at the level of olfactory gene family, but not at specific olfactory genes.