bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased pain relief with remifentanil does not improve the success rate of external cephalic version: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Burgos Jorge , Pijoan José I. , Osuna Carmen , Cobos Patricia , Rodriguez Leire , Centeno María del Mar , Serna Rosa , Jimenez Antonia , Garcia Eugenia , Fernandez‐Llebrez Luis , Melchor Juan C. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIntroductionOur objective was to compare the effect of two pain relief methods (remifentanil vs. nitrous oxide) on the success rate of external cephalic version.Material and methodsWe conducted a randomized open label parallel‐group controlled single‐center clinical trial with sequential design, at Cruces University Hospital, Spain. Singleton pregnancies in noncephalic presentation at term that were referred for external cephalic version were assigned according to a balanced (1:1) restricted randomization scheme to analgesic treatment with remifentanil or nitrous oxide during the procedure. The primary endpoint was external cephalic version success rate. Secondary endpoints were adverse event rate, degree of pain, cesarean rate and perinatal outcomes.ResultsThe trial was stopped early after the second interim analysis due to a very low likelihood of finding substantial differences in efficacy (futility). The external cephalic version success rate was the same in the two arms (31/60, 51.7%) with 120 women recruited, 60 in each arm. The mean pain score was significantly lower in the remifentanil group (3.2 ± 2.4 vs. 6.0 ± 2.3; p < 0.01). No differences were found in external cephalic version‐related complications. There was a trend toward a higher frequency of adverse effects in the remifentanil group (18.3% vs. 6.7%, p = 0.10), with a significantly higher incidence rate (21.7 events/100 women vs. 6.7 events/100 women with nitrous oxide, p = 0.03). All reported adverse events were mild and reversible.ConclusionsRemifentanil for analgesia decreased external cephalic version‐related pain but did not increase the success rate of external cephalic version at term and appeared to be associated with an increased frequency of mild adverse effects.
Grey matter brain injuries are common in Ugandan children with cerebral palsy suggesting a perinatal aetiology in full‐term infants
Authors: Kakooza‐Mwesige Angelina , Byanyima Rosemary K. , Tumwine James K. , Eliasson Ann‐Christin , Forssberg Hans , Flodmark Olof 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAimThere is limited literature on brain imaging studies of children with cerebral palsy (CP) in low and middle income countries. We investigated neuroimaging patterns of children withCPattending a tertiary referral centre in Uganda to determine how they differed from studies reported from high income countries and their relationship with prenatal and postnatal factors.MethodsPrecontrast and postcontrast computed tomography (CT) scans of 78CPchildren aged 2–12 years were conducted using a PhilipsMX16‐sliceCTscanner. Two radiologists, blinded to the patient's clinical status, independently reviewed the scans.ResultsAbnormalCTscans were detected in 69% of the children sampled, with very few having primary white matter injuries (4%). Primary grey matter injuries (PGMI) (44%) and normal scans (31%) were most frequent. Children with a history of hospital admission following birth were three times more likely to havePGMI(odds ratio [OR] 2.8; 95%CI1.1–7.1), suggesting a perinatal period with medical complications.ConclusionBrain imaging patterns in this group ofCPchildren differed markedly from imaging studies reported from high income countries, suggesting a perinatal aetiology in full‐term infants and reduced survival in preterm infants.
European Randomised Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC) risk calculators significantly outperform the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial (PCPT) 2.0 in the prediction of prostate cancer: a multi‐institutional study
Authors: Foley Robert W. , Maweni Robert M. , Gorman Laura , Murphy Keefe , Lundon Dara J. , Durkan Garrett , Power Richard , O'Brien Frank , O'Malley Kieran J. , Galvin David J. , Brendan Murphy T. , William Watson R. 
Published: February 2016

ObjectiveTo analyse the performance of the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial Risk Calculator (PCPT‐RC) and two iterations of the European Randomised Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC) Risk Calculator, one of which incorporates prostate volume (ERSPC‐RC) and the other of which incorporates prostate volume and the prostate health index (PHI) in a referral population (ERSPC‐PHI).Patients and MethodsThe risk of prostate cancer (PCa) and significant PCa (Gleason score ≥7) in 2001 patients from six tertiary referral centres was calculated according to the PCPT‐RC and ERSPC‐RC formulae. The calculators’ predictions were analysed using the area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve (AUC), calibration plots, Hosmer–Lemeshow test for goodness of fit and decision‐curve analysis. In a subset of 222 patients for whom the PHI score was available, each patient's risk was calculated as per the ERSPC‐RC and ERSPC‐PHI risk calculators.ResultsThe ERSPC‐RC outperformed the PCPT‐RC in the prediction of PCa, with an AUC of 0.71 compared with 0.64, and also outperformed the PCPT‐RC in the prediction of significant PCa (P<0.001), with an AUC of 0.74 compared with 0.69. The ERSPC‐RC was found to have improved calibration in this cohort and was associated with a greater net benefit on decision‐curve analysis for both PCa and significant PCa. The performance of the ERSPC‐RC was further improved through the addition of the PHI score in a subset of 222 patients. The AUCs of the ERSPC‐PHI were 0.76 and 0.78 for PCa and significant PCa prediction, respectively, in comparison with AUC values of 0.72 in the prediction of both PCa and significant PCa for the ERSPC‐RC (P = 0.12 and P = 0.04, respectively). The ERSPC‐PHI risk calculator was well calibrated in this cohort and had an increase in net benefit over that of the ERSPC‐RC.ConclusionsThe performance of the risk calculators in the present cohort shows that the ERSPC‐RC is a superior tool in the prediction of PCa; however the performance of the ERSPC‐RC in this population does not yet warrant its use in clinical practice. The incorporation of the PHI score into the ERSPC‐PHI risk calculator allowed each patient's risk to be more accurately quantified. Individual patient risk calculation using the ERSPC‐PHI risk calculator can be undertaken in order to allow a systematic approach to patient risk stratification and to aid in the diagnosis of PCa.
The Performance of Titanium‐Zirconium Implants in the Elderly: A Biomechanical Comparative Study in the Minipig
Authors: Wen Bo , Chen Jiang , Dard Michel , Cai Zhiyu 
Published: February 2016

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to test the following hypothesis: (1) Aging would adversely affect bone integration of implants; (2) Titanium‐zirconium‐SLActive (TiZr‐SLActive) implant might perform better in osseointegration than Ti‐SLA implant in aged group.Materials and MethodsThirteen miniature pigs (six of them were young adult minipigs, with other seven being aged ones.) were enrolled in this study. The right mandibular premolars (P1, P2, P3) and the first molar (M1) were extracted in all animals. Three months later, one TiZr‐SLActive and one Ti‐SLA implants were inserted into the endentulous area in mandible of each animal. The animals were sacrificed 8 weeks after placement of implants. Implants in the mandibles were used for removal torque (RT) tests, while vertebra and femur being retrieved for bone mineral density (BMD) tests.ResultsImplant success rate in the young group was significantly higher than that in the aged group. Higher survival rate of implants was also observed in younger group than that in the aged group but without significant difference. Within the young group, mean value for peak RT of Ti‐SLA implants was higher than that of TiZr‐SLActive implants without significant difference. In the aged group, the TiZr‐SLActive implants showed a higher mean value for peak RT than Ti‐SLA implants. No significant difference was found in the mean BMD in both vertebra and femur between different age groups.ConclusionsWithin the limits of this study, aging could negatively affect osseointegration of dental implants. TiZr‐SLActive implants might to some degree compensate for the compromise in osseointegration brought by aging.
Determination of Right Ventricular Volume by Combining Echocardiographic Distance Measurements
Authors: Jorstig Stina , Waldenborg Micael , Lidén Mats , Wodecki Maciej , Thunberg Per 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundThe position of the right ventricle (RV), often partly behind the sternum, implies difficulties to image the RV free wall using transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and consequently limits the possibilities of stroke volume calculations. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the volume of the right ventricle (RV) can be determined by combining TTE distance measurements that do not need the RV free wall to be fully visualized.MethodsThe RV volume was approximated by an ellipsoid composed of three distances. Distance measurements, modeled RV stroke volumes (RVSV), and RV ejection fraction (RVEF) were compared to reference values obtained from cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging for 12 healthy volunteers.ResultsInter‐modality comparisons showed that distance measurements were significantly underestimated in TTE compared to CMR. The modeled RV volumes using TTE distance measurements were underestimated compared to reference CMR volumes. There was, however, for TTE an agreement between modeled RVSV and left ventricular stroke volumes determined by biplane Simpson's rule. Similar agreement was shown between modeled RVSV based on CMR distance measurements and the CMR reference. Regarding RVEF, further studies including patients with a wider range of RVEF are needed to evaluate the method.ConclusionIn conclusion, the ellipsoid model of the RV provides good estimates of RVSVs, but volumes based on distance measurements from different modalities cannot be used interchangeably.
Shape change in mouthguard sheets during thermoforming
Authors: Takahashi Mutsumi , Koide Kaoru , Satoh Yoshihide , Iwasaki Shin‐ichi 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to identify changes in sheet shape during thermoforming and the effect of the model position in the molding machine on fabricated mouthguard thickness.Materials and MethodsEthylene vinyl acetate mouthguard sheets (3.8 mm thick) were used that had cross‐stripes (10 × 10 mm), and the anteroposterior and bilateral lengths were used for measurements. Two forming machines were used: a vacuum‐ and a pressure‐forming machine, and two heating conditions were investigated that defined as the time when sagging of the softened sheet was 15 mm (H‐15) and 20 mm (H‐20) below the clamp, and the length of each cross‐stripes was measured. The area of each lattice was calculated using Bretschneider's formula to compare changes in sheet shape for each condition. Next, mouthguards were molded by forming machine where the working model was positioned under two different conditions: with the model anterior centered in the forming unit and with the model centered. The sheet thickness after fabrication was determined for the incisal and the molar portion, and dimensional measurements were obtained using a measuring device. Differences in the thickness were analyzed by two‐way analysis of variance (anova).ResultIn both molding machines, the change in the area under H‐20 was greater than H‐15. While the increase in area tended to expand from the center of the sheet in concentric circles, the difference between the central and surrounding areas was only approximately 5%. For both molding machines, differences in thickness after molding due to setting position of the model were not observed.ConclusionThe results showed that shape changes of the sheet during thermoforming tend to concentrically and almost uniformly expand from the center and that it is important to center the sheet and the model when positioning the model in the forming unit.
Equine recurrent uveitis: A review of clinical assessment and management
Authors: Allbaugh R. A. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryEquine recurrent uveitis (ERU) is a vision‐threatening ocular disease that practitioners must be able to identify and manage. Although not every case of acute uveitis will develop into ERU, if 2 or more episodes of uveitis are observed, a diagnosis of ERU can be made. Patient outcomes improve with early diagnosis, appropriate therapy and client education. Recent advances in surgical options and treatment of horses with ERU have improved success in managing this condition. New therapeutic strategies under investigation may further enhance results and reduce the development of complicating factors.
Glycyrrhizic acid prevents ultraviolet‐B‐induced photodamage: a role for mitogen‐activated protein kinases, nuclear factor kappa B and mitochondrial apoptotic pathway
Authors: Afnan Quadri , Kaiser Peerzada J. , Rafiq Rather A. , Nazir Lone A. , Bhushan Shashi , Bhardwaj Subhash C. , Sandhir Rajat , Tasduq Sheikh A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractGlycyrrhizic acid (GA), a natural triterpene, has received attention as an agent that has protective effects against chronic diseases including ultraviolet UV‐B‐induced skin photodamage. However, the mechanism of its protective effect remains elusive. Here, we used an immortalized human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT) and a small animal model (BALB/c mice), to investigate the protective effects of GA against UV‐B‐induced oxidative damage, and additionally, delineated the molecular mechanisms involved in the UV‐B‐mediated inflammatory and apoptotic response. In the HaCaT cells, GA inhibited the UV‐B‐mediated increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and down‐regulated the release of pro‐inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)‐1α, ‐1β and ‐6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). GA inhibited UV‐B‐mediated activation of p38 and JNK MAP kinases, COX‐2 expression and nuclear translocation of NF‐κB. Furthermore, GA inhibited UV‐B‐mediated apoptosis by attenuating translocation of Bax from the cytosol to mitochondria, thus preserving mitochondrial integrity. GA‐treated HaCaT cells also exhibited elevated antiapoptotic Bcl‐2 protein, concomitant with reduced caspase‐3 cleavage and decreased PARP‐1 protein. In BALB/c mice, topical application of GA on dorsal skin exposed to UV‐B irradiation protected against epidermal hyperplasia, lymphocyte infiltration and expression of several inflammatory proteins, p38, JNK, COX‐2, NF‐κB and ICAM‐1. Based on the above findings, we conclude that GA protects against UV‐B‐mediated photodamage by inhibiting the signalling cascades triggered by oxidative stress, including MAPK/NF‐κB activation, as well as apoptosis. Thus, GA has strong potential to be used as a therapeutic/cosmeceutical agent against photodamage.
Validation of a cyclic plasticity computational method using fatigue full‐field deformation measurements
Authors: Cuadra J. , Baxevanakis K. P. , Loghin A. , Kontsos A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe evolution of crack tip displacement and strain fields during uniaxial, room temperature, low‐cycle fatigue experiments of Nickel superalloy compact tension specimens was measured by a digital image correlation approach and was further used to validate a cyclic plasticity model and corresponding deformation calculations made by a finite elements methodology. The experimental results provided data trends for the opening displacements and near crack tip strains as function of cycles. A finite element model was developed to capture test conditions for a measured crack size. The model captures crack tip plasticity by using a constitutive model calibrated against stress‐strain measurements performed on a round bar. Similar quantities were extracted from the model predictions to compare with the digital image correlation measurements for model validation purposes. This type of direct comparison demonstrated that the computational model was capable to adequately capture the crack opening displacements at various stages of the specimen's fatigue life, providing in this way a tool for quantitative cyclic plasticity model validation. In addition, this integrated experimental‐computational approach provides a framework to accelerate our understanding related to interactions of fatigue test data and models, as well as ways to inform one another.
Brazilian recreational fisheries: current status, challenges and future direction
Authors: Freire K. M. F. , Tubino R. A. , Monteiro‐Neto C. , Andrade‐Tubino M. F. , Belruss C. G. , Tomás A. R. G. , Tutui S. L. S. , Castro P. M. G. , Maruyama L. S. , Catella A. C. , Crepaldi D. V. , Daniel C. R. A. , Machado M. L. , Mendonça J. T. , Moro P. S. , Motta F. S. , Ramires M. , Silva M. H. C. , Vieira J. P. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractRecreational fisheries in Brazil have increased in importance and attracted many foreign recreational fishers. The objectives of this article were to summarise the available data on Brazilian recreational fisheries, to discuss some of their features and to analyse how they are performing in different regions compared with international trends. A review of published and unpublished sources together with data from recreational fishing licences was used. The participation rate was low (0.9%). Overall, there was a high diversity of fish species, with the following species/group of species repeatedly reported: Menticirrhus spp., Centropomus spp., Cynoscion spp., and Micropogonias furnieri (marine/estuarine water), and Cichla spp., Hoplias malabaricus, and Piaractus mesopotamicus, together with the introduced Oreochromis niloticus and Coptodon rendalli (fresh water). The north‐eastern region differs from the other regions: fishing occurs mostly in marine waters and fishers acquire mainly shore‐based licences, have minimum fishing expenditures and rarely release fishes. There is no estimate of the total harvest or economic value. Conflicts include catch‐and‐release‐oriented freshwater and marine recreational fishers vs consumption‐oriented coastal fishers, tournament participants vs non‐participants, commercial fishers and other leisure activities, pollution, ports, species introductions and translocations, protected areas, and federal and state laws. Cases of smooth shifts from artisanal to recreational fishing were detected, possibly associated with changes in the societal relationship with natural resources.
Soil carbon and nitrogen stocks in forests along an altitudinal gradient in the eastern Himalayas and a meta‐analysis of global data
Authors: Tashi Sonam , Singh Balwant , Keitel Claudia , Adams Mark 
Published: February 2016

AbstractHigh‐altitude soils potentially store a large pool of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N). The assessment of total C and N stocks in soils is vital to understanding the C and N dynamics in terrestrial ecosystems. In this study, we examined effects of altitude and forest composition on soil C and N along a transect from 317 to 3300 m a.s.l. in the eastern Himalayas. We used meta‐analysis to establish the context for our results on the effects of altitude on soil C, including variation with depth. Total C and N contents of soils significantly increased with altitude, but decreased with soil depth. Carbon and N were similarly correlated with altitude and temperature, and temperature was seemingly the main driver of soil C along the altitudinal gradient. Altitude accounted for 73% of the variation in C and 47% of the variation in N stocks. Soil pH and cation exchange capacity were correlated with both soil C and N stocks. Increases in soil C and N stocks were related to forest composition, forest basal area as well as quantity of leaf litter that were in turn influenced by altitude and temperature. Concentrations of C in foliage increased by 2.1% for every 1000 m rise in altitude, while that in leaf litter increased by 2.3%.
Renal artery embolization in severe nephrotic syndrome
Authors: Solak Yalcin , Koc Osman , Ucar Ramazan , Ozbek Orhan , Ergenc Hasan , Gaipov Abduzhappar , Turk Suleyman 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIntroduction Severe nephrotic syndrome is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Renal artery embolization (RAE) has been used in a number of renal diseases such as renal tumors, arteriovenous fistulas etc. However, data regarding benefits of RAE in patients with symptomatic severe proteinuria is limited. We decided to evaluate role of RAE in the setting of severe symptomatic nephrotic syndrome. Methods Eight patients who had undergone transcatheter renal artery embolization with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were included. Clinico‐demographic characteristics as well as baseline laboratory data including level of proteinuria, serum albumin, C‐reactive protein and LDL cholesterol levels were recorded for each patient. After RAE, outpatient clinic control laboratory values were also assessed. Findings All patients except one underwent bilateral RAE (four simultaneous or three sequential). Two patients experienced postembolization syndrome characterized by flank pain, fever, and leukocytosis, which was self‐limited and responded to analgesics in all patients. There was no technical complications associated with RAE procedure. All patients became anuric except one. Serum albumin levels increased and serum LDL‐cholesterol levels decreased considerably in treated patients. Discussion Renal artery embolization with the purpose of amelioration in nephrotic syndrome complications was effective and free of major technical complications in our patients.
Clinical significance of serum Wisteria floribunda agglutinin positive Mac‐2‐binding protein level in non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Nishikawa Hiroki , Enomoto Hirayuki , Iwata Yoshinori , Kishino Kyohei , Shimono Yoshihiro , Hasegawa Kunihiro , Nakano Chikage , Takata Ryo , Yoh Kazunori , Nishimura Takashi , Aizawa Nobuhiro , Sakai Yoshiyuki , Ikeda Naoto , Takashima Tomoyuki , Ishii Akio , Iijima Hiroko , Nakamura Hideji , Nishiguchi Shuhei 
Published: February 2016

AimTo examine the relationship between the Wisteria floribunda agglutinin positive Mac‐2‐binding protein (WFA+‐M2BP) level and histological findings for patients with non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).MethodsA total of 134 NASH patients (mean age, 51.7 years) were analyzed. We examined the effect of WFA+‐M2BP level on severity of liver fibrosis comparing with other laboratory markers, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ratio, AST to platelet ratio index (APRI), FIB‐4 index, platelet count and hyaluronic acid as serum liver fibrosis markers. Receiver–operator curve (ROC) analysis was performed for calculating the area under the ROC (AUROC).ResultsThe WFA+‐M2B P‐value ranged from 0.2 cut‐off index (COI) to 9.6 COI (median, 0.9). The median values in each fibrosis stage were: 0.7 COI in F1, 0.7 COI in F2, 1.2 COI in F3 and 2.4 COI in F4 (P < 0.001). For predicting liver cirrhosis (F4), WFA+‐M2BP level had the AUROC of 0.854 (sensitivity, 69.2%; specificity, 88.4%) and for predicting advanced liver fibrosis (≥F3), WFA+‐M2BP level yielded the second highest AUROC with a level of 0.842 (sensitivity, 73.7%; specificity, 80.2%) and for predicting significant liver fibrosis (≥F2), WFA+‐M2BP level yielded the highest AUROC with a level of 0.663 (sensitivity, 47.2%; specificity, 78.6%) among six liver fibrosis markers. The median values in patients with ballooning scores 1 (n = 58) and 2 (n = 76) were 0.6 and 1.1 COI, respectively (P < 0.001).ConclusionSerum WFA+‐M2BP level can be useful for assessing liver histological findings in patients with NASH.