bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hannah Arendt (1906–1975)
Authors: Rubin Gil 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis commentary serves as an introduction to Salo Baron’s obituary of Hannah Arendt and surveys the relationship between the two. Despite their significantly different backgrounds and public image, Arendt and Baron shared a close personal and professional relationship that began in the early 1940s and lasted throughout Arendt’s life. Baron and Arendt played leading roles in the project of salvaging Jewish culture from Europe during and in the aftermath of World War II. Their work for Jewish cultural reconstruction was based on a shared outlook on the ‘Jewish Question’. Both Arendt and Baron were deeply alarmed by the dangers ethnic nationalism in Europe posed for the Jews and promoted political programs that sought to overcome the nation-state in Europe, Palestine and the United States.
Josef Horovitz und die Gründung des Instituts für Arabische und Islamische Studien an der Hebräischen Universität in Jerusalem: ein Orientalisches Seminar für Palästina
Authors: Mangold-Will Sabine 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThema des folgenden Artikels ist die Einrichtung des Instituts für Arabische und Islamische Studien an der Hebräischen Universität im Kontext der zionistischen Auseinandersetzung mit der „arabischen Frage“ und binationalen Nationsvorstellungen. Er versteht sich zugleich als Beitrag zur Geschichte der Verflechtung zwischen deutscher Orientwissenschaft und den „Oriental Studies“ im Yishuv während des britischen Mandates über Palästina. Mittelpunkt der Darstellung bildet das Gründungsmemorandum, das der Frankfurter Professor für Semitische Philologie Josef Horovitz 1925 vorlegte. Anhand dieses Dokuments soll dem Wirken und der Wirkungslosigkeit des ersten Direktors der Jerusalemer „School of Oriental Studies“ nachgegangen werden. Sein Bemühen, aus dem orientalistischen Institut der Hebräischen Universität einen Ort der wissenschaftlichen Zusammenarbeit zwischen Juden und Arabern zu machen, war – so die These – eine überlegte politische Handlung, die sich ebenso aus der Tradition des deutschen Bildungsideals wie aus seinen Erfahrungen als Jude in Deutschland und als Hochschullehrer im muslimisch dominierten Teil Britisch-Indiens vor dem Ersten Weltkrieg ergab.
How Can Eurobonds Be Legally Implemented into European Law?
Authors: Kämmerer Jörn Axel 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis contribution examines to what extent and under what conditions the various proposals for Eurobonds may be considered to be in accordance with European law (especially Art. 125 TFEU) and the national (constitutional) law of the Member States. It finds that their admissibility primarily depends on the degree to which these proposals would be able to curb debtor moral hazard, which in turn depends on the liability regime chosen: joint and several or pro rata liability. We conclude that most types of Eurobonds would require a Treaty amendment, whose political feasibility is questionable.
Consumption and climate change: Why we say one thing but do another in the face of our greatest threat
Authors: Beattie Geoffrey , McGuire Laura 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
There is clear evidence that human beings have contributed to climate change through their patterns of consumption, and, it could be argued that, since we are part of the problem then we must be part of the solution. The apparently good news is that people report that they have very positive attitudes to environmentally-friendly products and they also consistently say that they are prepared to adapt their behavior to ameliorate the effects of climate change. However, numerous studies have found little behavior change on the part of consumers. This study investigates this critical issue experimentally. It does this by exploring whether self-reported attitudes to low carbon products, or alternatively implicit attitudes to such products (measured using an associative task and not requiring self-report), predict consumer choice of products varying on a range of dimensions including environmental consequences, in an experimental context where time for selection was also systematically varied. We found firstly, in line with previous research, that human beings have explicit and implicit attitudes that are not correlated. Secondly, in terms of brand choice, we found that consumers are particularly sensitive to both brand information and value in their selection of products, particularly under time pressure. Organic/eco brands are, however, much less favoured, especially under any time pressure, where processes that are more automatic prevail. Thirdly, color-coded carbon footprint information can influence choice even under time pressure but only for those consumers with a strong positive implicit attitude to carbon footprint. The conclusions from this research are that humans beings may well have a “divided self” when it comes to the environment and climate change, and this underlying “dissociation” in attitude (implicit versus explicit) might be critical to their behavior as consumers. This concept of the“divided self” may help us understand why relatively little has changed thus far with regard to more sustainable consumption, but might open up new lines of enquiry about how we might attempt to promote more sustainable consumption in the future.
Nonlinear System Modeling based on System Equilibrium Manifold
Authors: Liu X. F. , Zhang D. X. , Xue N. Y. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The main objective of the present paper is to provide an approximate method for nonlinear system with a family of equilibrium points (EPs). By investigating the system’s equilibrium manifold (EM) and its expansion form, a class of nonlinear system is modeled analytically. The property of the EM expansion form and the effect of mapping design and parameterizing method to the model have been discussed. Then an approximate nonlinear model for aircraft engine was applied, followed by an identification procedure for aircraft engine. It is shown that the modeling method based on system’s EM can not only comply with the system physical characteristics, but also satisfy the accuracy of modeling requirement. Numerical simulations are given to demonstrate the good precision in capturing the nonlinear behavior of nonlinearities and a simpler structure.
Crystallographic computing system Jana2006: solution and refinement of twinned structures
Authors: Petříček Václav , Dušek Michal , Plášil Jakub 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Twinning is a phenomenon complicating structure analysis of single crystals of standard as well as modulated structures. Jana2006 as a software for advanced structure analysis contains tools for recognition and refinement of twins including most complicated cases of modulated and magnetic structures. In order to efficiently use the tools of Jana2006 related to twinning, we explain the basic terminology and the underlying theory, especially the symmetry of the diffraction patterns affected by twinning. We present typical diffraction patterns of twins and show how twinning can be recognized or detected by various tools and described with twinning matrices. Data processing of twins and ways of how they can be imported to Jana2006 are also discussed. Two examples demonstrate the solution of typical twins: twinning by metric merohedry and twinning by reticular merohedry, followed by the third example demonstrating twinning in a commensurately modulated structure. The relationship between the dimensionality of the structure and twinning is discussed, too.
Association of newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes and autoimmune pancreatitis
Authors: Ennazk Laila , Mghari Ghizlane El , Ansari Nawal El 
Published: October 2016

Summary
Autoimmune pancreatitis is a new nosological entity in which a lymphocytic infiltration of the exocrine pancreas is involved. The concomitant onset of autoimmune pancreatitis and type 1 diabetes has been recently described suggesting a unique immune disturbance that compromises the pancreatic endocrine and exocrine functions. We report a case of type1 diabetes onset associated with an autoimmune pancreatitis in a young patient who seemed to present a type 2 autoimmune polyglandular syndrome. This rare association offers the opportunity to better understand pancreatic autoimmune disorders in type 1 diabetes.

Learning points:

The case makes it possible to understand the possibility of a simultaneous disturbance of the endocrine and exocrine function of the same organ by one autoimmune process.
The diagnosis of type 1 diabetes should make practitioner seek other autoimmune diseases. It is recommended to screen for autoimmune thyroiditis and celiac diseases. We draw attention to consider the autoimmune origin of a pancreatitis associated to type1 diabetes.
Autoimmune pancreatitis is a novel rare entity that should be known as it is part of the IgG4-related disease spectrum.
Determinants of hypomagnesemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kurstjens Steef , de Baaij Jeroen H F , Bouras Hacene , Bindels René J M , Tack Cees J J , Hoenderop Joost G J 
Published: October 2016

Background
Hypomagnesemia (plasma magnesium (Mg2+) concentration <0.7 mmol/L) has been described in patients with type 2 diabetes. Polypharmacy is inevitable when treating a complex disease such as type 2 diabetes and could explain disturbances in the plasma Mg2+ concentration. In this study, we aimed to establish the extent of hypomagnesemia in a cohort of type 2 diabetes patients and to identify the determinants of plasma Mg2+ levels.

Methods
Patient data and samples of 395 type 2 diabetes patients were investigated. Plasma Mg2+ concentrations were measured using a spectrophotometric assay. Using Pearson correlation analyses, variables were correlated to plasma Mg2+ levels. After excluding confounding variables, all parameters correlating (P < 0.1) with plasma Mg2+ were included in a stepwise backward regression model.

Results
The mean plasma Mg2+ concentration in this cohort was 0.74 ± 0.10 mmol/L. In total, 121 patients (30.6%) suffered from hypomagnesemia. Both plasma triglyceride (r = −0.273, P < 0.001) and actual glucose levels (r = −0.231, P < 0.001) negatively correlated with the plasma Mg2+ concentration. Patients using metformin (n = 251, 62%), proton pump inhibitors (n = 179, 45%) or β-adrenergic receptor agonists (n = 31, 8%) displayed reduced plasma Mg2+ levels. Insulin use (n = 299, 76%) positively correlated with plasma Mg2+ levels. The model predicted (R2) 20% of all variance in the plasma Mg2+ concentration.

Conclusions
Hypomagnesemia is highly prevalent in type 2 diabetes patients. Plasma triglycerides and glucose levels are major determinants of the plasma Mg2+ concentration, whereas only a minor part (<10%) of hypomagnesemia can be explained by drug intake, excluding polypharmacy as a major cause for hypomagnesemia in type 2 diabetes.
Chemo-Genetic Interactions Between Histone Modification and the Antiproliferation Drug AICAR Are Conserved in Yeast and Humans
Authors: Albrecht Delphine , Ceschin Johanna , Dompierre Jim , Gueniot Florian , Pinson Benoît , Daignan-Fornier Bertrand 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Identifying synthetic lethal interactions has emerged as a promising new therapeutic approach aimed at targeting cancer cells directly. Here, we used the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a simple eukaryotic model to screen for mutations resulting in a synthetic lethality with 5-amino-4-imidazole carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) treatment. Indeed, AICAR has been reported to inhibit the proliferation of multiple cancer cell lines. Here, we found that loss of several histone-modifying enzymes, including Bre1 (histone H2B ubiquitination) and Set1 (histone H3 lysine 4 methylation), greatly enhanced AICAR inhibition on growth via the combined effects of both the drug and mutations on G1 cyclins. Our results point to AICAR impacting on Cln3 subcellular localization and at the Cln1 protein level, while the bre1 or set1 deletion affected CLN1 and CLN2 expression. As a consequence, AICAR and bre1/set1 deletions jointly affected all three G1 cyclins (Cln1, Cln2, and Cln3), leading to a condition known to result in synthetic lethality. Significantly, these chemo-genetic synthetic interactions were conserved in human HCT116 cells. Indeed, knock-down of RNF40, ASH2L, and KMT2D/MLL2 induced a highly significant increase in AICAR sensitivity. Given that KMT2D/MLL2 is mutated at high frequency in a variety of cancers, this synthetic lethal interaction has an interesting therapeutic potential.
Help‐Seeking among Male Employees in Japan: Influence of Workplace Climate and Distress
Authors: Maekawa Yumiko , Ramos‐Cejudo Juan , Kanai Atsuko 
Published: October 2016

ObjectivesAlthough using mental health services is an effective way to cope with work‐related stressors and diseases, many employees do not utilize these services despite service improvements in recent years. The present study aimed to investigate the interaction effects of workplace climate and distress on help‐seeking attitudes, and elucidate the reasons for mental health service underutilization in Japan.MethodsA questionnaire was distributed to 650 full‐time male Japanese employees. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used to investigate interaction effects of workplace climate and distress on help‐seeking.ResultsResults showed that the association between workplace climate and help‐seeking attitudes differed depending on employee distress level. For employees experiencing low levels of distress, openness to seeking treatment increased with a higher evaluation of the mental health services available at the workplace. However, the same did not hold true for employees experiencing high levels of distress. Instead, openness to seeking treatment decreased with perceived risk for career disadvantage for high distress employees. Additionally, negative values for seeking treatment in highly distressed employees decreased only when services were perceived as valuable, and the risk to their career was perceived as low.ConclusionsOverall, these findings indicate that distress distorts the perception of social support, which may lead to underutilization of available services. Assessing employees’ distress levels and tailoring adequate interventions could facilitate help‐seeking in male employees.
In vitro chromosomal aberrations induced by various shapes of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)
Authors: Sasaki Toshiaki , Asakura Masumi , Ishioka Chigusa , Kasai Tatsuya , Katagiri Taku , Fukushima Shoji 
Published: October 2016

ObjectivesIARC has classified one type of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), MWNT‐7, as possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B); however, other types of MWCNT were categorized as not classifiable as to their carcinogenicity to humans (Group 3). In vitro chromosomal aberration assays of MWNT‐7 showed polyploid formation but not structural abnormalities. This study investigated the influence of the shape and size of MWCNT on in vitro induction of chromosomal aberrations.MethodsMicroscopic analysis and viable cell counting were used to assay for chromosomal aberrations and cytotoxicity induced in a Chinese hamster lung cell line (CHL/IU) exposed to different MWCNTs.ResultsUsing scanning electron microscopy, seven MWCNTs were classified into three types : straight fibrous, curved fibrous, and tangled. The straight fibrous MWCNTs were the strongest inducers of polyploidy and the most cytotoxic among the three types of MWCNTs. The curved fibrous MWCNTs induced more polyploidy than the tangled MWCNTs, and the cytotoxicity of both types seemed to be a reflection of their induction of polyploidy. None of the seven MWCNTs induced structural chromosomal aberrations.ConclusionThe nonclastogenicity of the MWCNTs indicates that the MWCNTs may not interact directly with DNA. Since the straight fibrous MWCNTs, which exhibit a structure similar to asbestos, were the strongest inducers of polyploidy, MWCNT shape may be an important factor in induction of polyploidy. We hypothesize that CHL/IU cells endocytosed MWCNTs and formed endosomes with shapes corresponding to those of the endocytosed MWCNTs, and that the long axis diameter of the endosome is important in the capability of MWCNTs to induce polyploidy.
ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDY ON ENLARGED CELLS OF RED SEA BREAM, Pagrus major INFECTED BY THE RED SEA BREAM IRIDOVIRUS (RSIV, GENUS Megalocytivirus, FAMILY Iridoviridae)
Authors: Mahardika Ketut 
Published: October 2016

Most histopathologycal studies of the red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV) disease in red sea bream have been performed by studying enlarged cells as well as necrotized cells in the spleen and other organs. These enlarged cells have been named as inclusion body bearing cells (IBCs). However, few information is available about detail of ultrastructural features of IBCs produced in the target organs of RSIV-infected fish. In the present study, details of ultrastructural features of IBCs that were produced in the spleen tissue of naturally RSIV-infected red sea bream were investigated under electron microscope. Under electron microscope, RSIV-infected red sea bream had the presence of two types of IBCs: typical IBCs allowing virus assembly within viral assembly site (VAS), and atypical IBCs which degenerate organelles without virus assembly. Other infected-cells were observed as necrotized cells forming intracytoplasmic VAS with large numbers of virions, but without the formation of the distinct inclusion body. Morphogenesis steps on RSIV-infected red sea bream were observed as filamentous-filed virions, partially-filled virions and complete virions with 145-150 nm in size. These findings confirmed that RSIV-infected red sea bream were characterized by formation of typical and atypical IBCs as well as necrotized cells.
PATHOGENECITY OF GROUPER SLEEPY DISEASE IRIDOVIRUS (GSDIV: Megalocytivirus, FAMILY Iridoviridae) TO CORAL TROUT GROUPER Plectrophomus leopardus
Authors: Mahardika Ketut , Muzaki Ahmad , Suwirya Ketut 
Published: October 2016

Grouper sleepy disease iridovirus (GSDIV), a member of the genus Megalocytivirus in the family Iridoviridae, has been known to cause large scale mortalities resulting in severe economic losses in grouper industries in south-east Asia including Indonesia. In this study, experimental infection of coral trout grouper Plectrophomus indicus with GSDIV was performed to evaluate the viral pathogenecity to this fish species. After virus exposure, the mortalities of coral trout grouper injected with primary and 10-1 dilution of spleen homogenates derived from tiger grouper Epinephelus fuscoguttatus were 100% and 90%, respectively. Histopathology revealed that moribund fish receiving GSDIV inoculum displayed massive formation of enlarged cells in the spleen and hematopoitic tissues. Under electron microscopy, the enlarged cells were observed as inclusion body bearing cells (IBCs) and necrotic cells allowing virus propagation within an intracytoplasmic virus assembly site (VAS). GSDIV virions were 167-200 nm in size. These findings confirmed that GSDIV has severe pathogenicity to coral trout grouper and IBCs as well as necrotic cells were determined to be the pathognomonic sign of megalocytivirus-infected coral trout grouper.
OPTIMAL ELECTROPORATION CONDITION FOR SPERM MEDIATED GENE TRANSFER IN STRIPPED CATFISH (Pangasionodon hypophthalmus)
Authors: Dewi Raden Roro Sri Pudji Sinarni , Alimuddin Alimuddin , Sudrajat Agus Oman , Sumantadinata Komar , Sularto Sularto 
Published: October 2016

The success of transgenic fish production has been achieved through eggs fertilization using electroporated sperms carrying exogenous DNA. This study was conducted in order to obtain the optimal electroporation condition for stripped catfish sperm. A plasmid containing green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene driven by carp β-actin promoter was transferred into sperm using electrophoresis method towards transgenic stripped catfish (Pangasionodon hypophthalmus) production. Electroporation was carried out using square wave shock with pulse length of 30 ms and pulse interval of 0.1 sec. Treatments are combination between voltage (50 V, 75 V, and 100 V) and pulse number (1 and 3). Exogenous DNA concentration used was 10 μg/mL of Tris-EDTA. Results showed that increasing the voltage from 50 to 100 decreased sperm motility, while pulse number did not affect sperm motility. Voltage of 50 gave the best motility of sperm, although sperm viability relatively similar between treatments and control except at 100 V with 3 pulses number. Further, electroporation-treated sperms were able to fertilize eggs. Higher hatching rate of eggs was obtained in electroporation treatment at 50 V with pulse number of 1 and 3. The persistence of transferred GFP was detected in electroporated and incubated sperms (control). However, GFP was only detected in larvae from eggs that were fertilized by electroporated sperm. Thus, electroporation could be applied to produce transgenic stripped catfish.
PRODUCTION AND BIOACTIVITY POTENTIAL OF THREE RECOMBINANT GROWTH HORMONES OF FARMED FISH
Authors: Alimuddin Alimuddin , Lesmana Indra , Sudrajat Agus Oman , Carman Odang , Faizal Irvan 
Published: October 2016

This study was aimed to produce recombinant growth hormone (rGH) from giant grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus), giant gouramy (Osphronemus gouramy) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and compare their bioactivity potential by means of inducing the growth hormone of juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) as the model. DNA fragment encoding mature GH protein of giant grouper (El-mGH), giant gouramy (Og-mGH) and common carp (Cc-mGH) was amplified by PCR method. The purified PCR products were ligated to pCold-1 to generate pCold/El-mGH, pCold/OgmGH, and pCold/Cc-mGH protein expression vector, respectively. Each of the expression vectors was transformed into the Escherichia coli BL21. E. coli BL21 was cultured using 2xYT medium and protein production was induced by cold shock at 15±1oC for overnight. The inclusion bodies of E. coli transformants containing protein expression vector were isolated by sonication method, and rGH production was analyzed by SDS-PAGE. Juvenile of Nile tilapia of average body weight of 12.41±3.28 g was intramuscularly injected once a week for 4 weeks with 1 μg inclusion body containing rGH per gram fish body weight. The result showed that rGH in molecular weight of about 25 kDa was obtained. Fish injected with rGH of El-mGH, Cc-mGH and Og-mGH grew 20.94%, 18.09%, and 16.99% faster, respectively, compared with the control. This result indicated that the three rGH produced in E. coli possessed biological activity when tested on Nile tilapia and further research is needed to find its effect on the growth of other aquaculture fish species.
THE EFFECT OF VITAMIN C (L-ASCORBYL MONOPHOSPHATE-Mg) ON THE DEFORMITY PERFORMANCE OF HUMPBACK GROUPER (Cromileptes altivelis) LARVAE
Authors: Sagala Sophia Lasma , Ismi Suko , Giri I Nyoman Adiasmara 
Published: October 2016

This study was aimed to get a standard protocol for vitamin C application in enrichment of Artemia nauplii and to examine the impact of vitamin C on humpback grouper larval deformity performance. Vitamin C in the form of L-ascorbyl-2-monophosphate-Mg (AMP-Mg) was used for the enrichment and incorporated into Artemia nauplii at a given level of 0-1.5 g/L with enrichment period of 4, 6, and 24 hours for each level. The effect of AMP on larval deformity was tested using the following treatments: unenriched both Artemia nauplii and commercial diet, un-enriched Artemia nauplii and experimental diet containing 2.5 g AMP-Mg/kg diet, enriched Artemia nauplii obtained from the protocol and commercial larval diet. Analysis of vitamin C content in Artemia nauplii was carried out using HPLC and larval deformities were observed using staining method, visual examination, or X-ray depending on larval age. The results showed that the best enrichment method of AMP in Artemia nauplii is achieved at the dose of 0.9 g/L for 6 h. The lowest percentage of abnormalities was found in larvae fed with enriched Artemia nauplii and commercial diets, suggesting that vitamin C has an important role in controlling larval deformities.