bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Damping Properties of Steel, Copper and NiTi for Use in Industrial Circular Saws
Authors: Theiß Ralf , Dymel Benjamin , Langbein Sven , Nürnberg Tobias 
Published: January 2016

Circular saws are a common tool for cutting a variety of materials like stone, wood or alloys. Cutting results are significantly influenced by vibrations occurring during processing. Negative consequences are for example increased cutting width and noise emissions. Vibration results from impulses generated at the entrance of the tool teeth into the work piece, from axial run of the cutting tool as well as vibrations transmitted from the machines drive. Therefore, the implementation of effective and cost efficient damping measures is of significant interest. Passive damping approaches are favored because of their low costs.
One approach to dampen vibrations in circular tools and tool flanges passively is the use of shape memory alloys (SMA) as damping elements. SMA and especially NiTi are able to convert large amounts of mechanical stress into heat energy by a stress induced austenite-martensite phase transformation providing the potential to dampen vibrations with more compact damping elements in contrast to other common damping materials like steel or copper used in circular saws. SMA are suitable for damping low frequencies at high amplitudes, e.g. during earthquakes and the damping of single or repetitive shocks, such as those occurring in positioning. The attenuation of higher-frequency vibrations caused by machining with fast rotating cutting tools has so far been considered inadequate but has not been sufficiently investigated in relevant frequency ranges for industrial circular saws.
This paper compares the damping properties of NiTi to those of copper and steel for industrial circular saws. Therefore, the first chapter introduces different sources and types of vibrations in industrial cutting processes while the second chapter describes exemplarily the vibrations occurring in an industrial circular saw. Based on this, the third chapter illustrates common approaches to modify the static and dynamic behavior of circular saws. The fourth chapter gives a brief description of internal damping mechanism, especially the damping mechanism of SMA. The experimental methodology and evaluation of NiTi, steel and copper is in the focus of the fifth chapter. The paper concludes with a summary of findings and an outlook on following work packages.
Cumulative Second Harmonics in a Nonlinear Transversely Isotropic Plate
Authors: Zhao Jinling , Chillara Vamshi K. , Cho Hwanjeong , Qiu Jinhao , Lissenden Cliff J. 
Published: January 2016

The problem of second harmonic guided wave generation in transversely isotropic plates is investigated from a theoretical and numerical standpoint. The strain energy function of transversely isotropic materials is written down using five invariants in terms of the Green-Lagrange strain tensor and contains five linear terms and nine nonlinear terms.
Theoretical investigations reveal that second harmonics in a weakly nonlinear transversely isotropic plate are cumulative only when the phase matching and nonzero power flux criteria are satisfied. Also, only cumulative secondary symmetric Lamb wave modes can be generated — a conclusion in line with what is observed for isotropic plates. Finally, numerical simulations are carried out to examine the cumulative second harmonic generation from the S0 mode and the results obtained are discussed in the light of the theory.
Microbial and Functional Diversity within the Phyllosphere of Espeletia Species in an Andean High-Mountain Ecosystem
Authors: Ruiz-Pérez Carlos A. , Restrepo Silvia , Zambrano María Mercedes 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT

Microbial populations residing in close contact with plants can be found in the rhizosphere, in the phyllosphere as epiphytes on the surface, or inside plants as endophytes. Here, we analyzed the microbiota associated with
Espeletia
plants, endemic to the Páramo environment of the Andes Mountains and a unique model for studying microbial populations and their adaptations to the adverse conditions of high-mountain neotropical ecosystems. Communities were analyzed using samples from the rhizosphere, necromass, and young and mature leaves, the last two analyzed separately as endophytes and epiphytes. The taxonomic composition determined by performing sequencing of the V5-V6 region of the 16S rRNA gene indicated differences among populations of the leaf phyllosphere, the necromass, and the rhizosphere, with predominance of some phyla but only few shared operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Functional profiles predicted on the basis of taxonomic affiliations differed from those obtained by GeoChip microarray analysis, which separated community functional capacities based on plant microenvironment. The identified metabolic pathways provided insight regarding microbial strategies for colonization and survival in these ecosystems. This study of novel plant phyllosphere microbiomes and their putative functional ecology is also the first step for future bioprospecting studies in search of enzymes, compounds, or microorganisms relevant to industry or for remediation efforts.
Injury risk in runners using standard or motion control shoes: a randomised controlled trial with participant and assessor blinding
Authors: Malisoux Laurent , Chambon Nicolas , Delattre Nicolas , Gueguen Nils , Urhausen Axel , Theisen Daniel 
Published: January 2016

Background/aimThis randomised controlled trial investigated if the usage of running shoes with a motion control system modifies injury risk in regular leisure-time runners compared to standard shoes, and if this influence depends on foot morphology.MethodsRecreational runners (n=372) were given either the motion control or the standard version of a regular running shoe model and were followed up for 6 months regarding running activity and injury. Foot morphology was analysed using the Foot Posture Index method. Cox regression analyses were used to compare injury risk between the two groups, based on HRs and their 95% CIs, controlling for potential confounders. Stratified analyses were conducted to evaluate the effect of motion control system in runners with supinated, neutral and pronated feet.ResultsThe overall injury risk was lower among the participants who had received motion control shoes (HR=0.55; 95% CI 0.36 to 0.85) compared to those receiving standard shoes. This positive effect was only observed in the stratum of runners with pronated feet (n=94; HR=0.34; 95% CI 0.13 to 0.84); there was no difference in runners with neutral (n=218; HR=0.78; 95% CI 0.44 to 1.37) or supinated feet (n=60; HR=0.59; 95% CI 0.20 to 1.73). Runners with pronated feet using standard shoes had a higher injury risk compared to those with neutral feet (HR=1.80; 95% CI 1.01 to 3.22).ConclusionsThe overall injury risk was lower in participants who had received motion control shoes. Based on secondary analysis, those with pronated feet may benefit most from this shoe type.
Chiropractic spinal manipulative therapy for migraine: a study protocol of a single-blinded placebo-controlled randomised clinical trial
Authors: Chaibi Aleksander , Šaltytė Benth Jūratė , Tuchin Peter J , Russell Michael Bjørn 
Published: January 2016

IntroductionMigraine affects 15% of the population, and has substantial health and socioeconomic costs. Pharmacological management is first-line treatment. However, acute and/or prophylactic medicine might not be tolerated due to side effects or contraindications. Thus, we aim to assess the efficacy of chiropractic spinal manipulative therapy (CSMT) for migraineurs in a single-blinded placebo-controlled randomised clinical trial (RCT).Method and analysisAccording to the power calculations, 90 participants are needed in the RCT. Participants will be randomised into one of three groups: CSMT, placebo (sham manipulation) and control (usual non-manual management). The RCT consists of three stages: 1 month run-in, 3 months intervention and follow-up analyses at the end of the intervention and 3, 6 and 12 months. The primary end point is migraine frequency, while migraine duration, migraine intensity, headache index (frequency x duration x intensity) and medicine consumption are secondary end points. Primary analysis will assess a change in migraine frequency from baseline to the end of the intervention and follow-up, where the groups CSMT and placebo and CSMT and control will be compared. Owing to two group comparisons, p values below 0.025 will be considered statistically significant. For all secondary end points and analyses, a p value below 0.05 will be used. The results will be presented with the corresponding p values and 95% CIs.Ethics and disseminationThe RCT will follow the clinical trial guidelines from the International Headache Society. The Norwegian Regional Committee for Medical Research Ethics and the Norwegian Social Science Data Services have approved the project. Procedure will be conducted according to the declaration of Helsinki. The results will be published at scientific meetings and in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberNCT01741714.
Does COPD have a clinically relevant impact on hearing loss? A retrospective matched cohort study with selection of patients diagnosed with COPD
Authors: Kamenski Gustav , Bendova Jana , Fink Waltraud , Sönnichsen Andreas , Spiegel Wolfgang , Zehetmayer Sonja 
Published: January 2016

ObjectivesChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as a multisystemic disease has a measurable and biologically explainable impact on the auditory function detectable in the laboratory. This study tries to clarify if COPD is also a significant and clinically relevant risk factor for hearing impairment detectable in the general practice setting.DesignRetrospective matched cohort study with selection of patients diagnosed with COPD.Setting12 general practices in Lower Austria.ParticipantsConsecutive patients >35 years with a diagnosis of COPD who consulted 1 of 12 single-handed GPs in 2009 and 2010 were asked to participate. Those who agreed were individually 1:1 matched with controls according to age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease and chronic heart failure.Main outcome measuresSensorineural hearing impairment as assessed by pure tone audiometry, answers of three questions concerning a self-perceived hearing problem, application of the whispered voice test and the score of the Hearing Inventory for the Elderly, Screening Version (HHIE-S).Results194 patients (97 pairs of 194 cases and controls) with a mean age of 65.5 (SD 10.2) were tested. Univariate conditional logistic regression resulted in significant differences in the mean bone conduction hearing loss and in the total score of HHIE-S, in the multiple conditional regression model, only smoking (p<0.0001) remained significant.ConclusionsThe results of this study do not support the hypothesis that there is an association between COPD and hearing impairment which, if found, would have allowed better management of patients with COPD.
Vaginal birth after caesarean section: why is uptake so low? Insights from a meta-ethnographic synthesis of women's accounts of their birth choices
Authors: Black Mairead , Entwistle Vikki A , Bhattacharya Siladitya , Gillies Katie 
Published: January 2016

ObjectiveTo identify what women report influences their preferred mode of birth after caesarean section.DesignSystematic review of qualitative literature using meta-ethnography.Data sourcesMedline, EMBASE, ASSIA, CINAHL and PsycINFO (1996 until April 2013; updated September 2015). Hand-searched journals, reference lists and abstract authors.Study selectionPrimary qualitative studies reporting women's accounts of what influenced their preferred mode of birth after caesarean section.Data extraction and synthesisPrimary data (quotations from study participants) and authors’ interpretations of these were extracted, compared and contrasted between studies, and grouped into themes to support the development of a ‘line of argument’ synthesis.Results20 papers reporting the views of 507 women from four countries were included. Distinctive clusters of influences were identified for each of three groups of women. Women who confidently sought vaginal birth after a caesarean section were typically driven by a long-standing anticipation of vaginal birth. Women who sought a repeat caesarean section were strongly influenced by distressing previous birth experiences, and at times, by encouragement from social contacts. Women who were more open to information and professional guidance had fewer strong preconceptions and concerns, and viewed a range of considerations as potentially important.ConclusionsWomen's attitudes towards birth after caesarean section appear to be shaped by distinct clusters of influences, suggesting that opportunities exist for clinicians to stratify and personalise decision support by addressing relevant ideas, concerns and experiences from the first caesarean section birth onwards.
Calcium channel blockers and cancer: a risk analysis using the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD)
Authors: Grimaldi-Bensouda Lamiae , Klungel Olaf , Kurz Xavier , de Groot Mark C H , Maciel Afonso Ana S , de Bruin Marie L , Reynolds Robert , Rossignol Michel 
Published: January 2016

ObjectiveThe evidence of an association between calcium channel blockers (CCBs) and cancer is conflicting. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the risk of cancer (all, breast, prostate and colon cancers) in association with exposure to CCB.MethodsThis is a population-based cohort study in patients exposed to CCBs from across the UK, using two comparison cohorts: (1) patients with no exposure to CCB (non-CCB) matched on age and gender and (2) unmatched patients unexposed to CCB and at least one other antihypertensive (AHT) prescription. Cancer incidence rates computed in the exposed and the two unexposed groups were compared using HRs and 95% CIs obtained from multivariate Cox regression analyses.ResultsOverall, 150 750, 557 931 and 156 966 patients were included, respectively, in the CCB, non-CCB and AHT cohorts. Crude cancer incidence rates per 1000 person-years were 16.51, 15.75 and 10.62 for the three cohorts, respectively. Adjusted HRs (CI) for all cancers comparing CCB, non-CCB and AHT cohorts were 0.88 (0.86 to 0.89) and 1.01 (0.98 to 1.04), respectively. Compared to the AHT cohort, adjusted HRs (CI) for breast, prostate and colon cancer for the CCB cohort were 0.95 (0.87 to 1.04), 1.07 (0.98 to 1.16) and 0.89 (0.81 to 0.98), respectively. Analyses by duration of exposure to CCB did not show excess risk.ConclusionsThis large population-based study provides strong evidence that CCB use is not associated with an increased risk of cancer. The analyses yielded robust results across all types of cancer and different durations of exposure to CCBs.
Assessing access to paediatric trauma centres in Canada, and the impact of the golden hour on length of stay at the hospital: an observational study
Authors: Amram Ofer , Schuurman Nadine , Pike Ian , Friger Michael , Yanchar Natalie L 
Published: January 2016

ObjectivesIn Canada injuries are a leading cause of death and morbidity among the paediatric population. Trauma systems have been established across North America to provide comprehensive injury care and to lead injury control efforts. However, not all populations have equal access to trauma care services. This is an observational study with the aim of assessing the impact of geographical access to paediatric trauma centres (PTCs) on patient outcomes, and to determine spatial access to PTCs across Canada.SettingTo examine the relationship between access to PTC and injury outcome, length of stay at the PTC was determined for all injured patients who live within and outside of 60 min driving time of the PTC. To determine spatial access to PTCs across Canada, a list of level 1 and 2 PTCs was identified across Canada. A 1 h driving time catchment was created around each PTC in order to estimate spatial accessibility.ParticipantsHospital administration data sets from British Columbia (BC) and the Nova Scotia (NS) trauma registry were used to assess the impact of spatial access on paediatric injury (ages 0–15 years) outcomes. The data sets provided case-level data including the Injury Severity Score, postal code of place of residence, age and length of hospital stay.ResultsIn NS and BC, average length of stay at the hospital is significantly lower inside 60 min driving time compared to outside of 60 min driving time from a PTC (p<0.05, using a non-parametric t test). In Canada, approximately 65% of the paediatric population resides within 1 h of a PTC.ConclusionsThis paper highlights differences in injury outcomes as a result of access. However, further investigation is needed as other considerations such as type of injury, age and/or gender may also affect injury outcomes.
The safety and efficacy of low profile visualized intraluminal support (LVIS) stents in assisting coil embolization of intracranial saccular aneurysms: a single center experience
Authors: Feng Zhengzhe , Fang Yibin , Xu Yi , Hong Bo , Zhao Wenyuan , Liu Jianmin , Huang Qinghai 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundThe low profile visualized intraluminal support (LVIS) device is a new generation of self-expanding braided stents recently introduced into China for stent assisted coiling of intracranial aneurysms. This study assessed the clinical safety and efficacy of the LVIS stent for embolization of intracranial saccular aneurysms.MethodsPatients with intracranial saccular aneurysms treated using the LVIS device in our center between April 2014 and December 2014 were reviewed. The primary outcomes were procedural safety, target aneurysm recurrence, and mid-term follow-up of clinical and angiographic outcomes.Results97 patients with intracranial saccular aneurysms were treated using the LVIS stent, with 100% technical success rate. No mortality was observed. One patient had transient deficit (1/97, 1.0%). Immediate angiographic outcome evaluation showed complete occlusion in 28 (28.8%) and neck remnant in 39 (40.2%) of the 97 patients, respectively. Of the 76 (78.35%) patients who underwent angiographic follow-up at a mean of 8.1 months, complete occlusion was achieved in 64 (84.2%) patients. In the remaining patients, neck remnant in nine (11.8%) and residual sac in three (4%) patients were observed. None of the patients had any target aneurysm recurrence, and the mortality rate was 0%.ConclusionsThe LVIS stent is safe and effective in the treatment of intracranial saccular aneurysms.
Silent ischemic events after Pipeline embolization device: a prospective evaluation with MR diffusion-weighted imaging
Authors: Brasiliense Leonardo B C , Stanley Morgan A , Grewal Sanjeet S , Cloft Harry J , Sauvageau Eric , Lanzino Giuseppe , Miller David , Kallmes David F , Hanel Ricardo 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundThe development of ischemic events is relatively common after endovascular interventions, and flow diverters may pose a particular threat owing to their increased technical complexity and high metal content.ObjectiveTo investigate the incidence and potential risk factors for thromboembolic lesions after treatment with a Pipeline embolization device (PED).MethodsThis prospective study included a total of 59 patients electively treated with a PED over 12 months. Postprocedural diffusion-weighted imaging sequences of the brain were obtained 24 h after interventions to detect ischemic lesions. Demographic data, aneurysm characteristics, antiplatelet management, and perioperative data were correlated with the rate of ischemic events.ResultsThe incidence of silent ischemic events after use of a PED was 62.7% (37 patients) and neurological symptoms occurred in 8.1% of affected patients. Development of ischemic events was significantly associated with older patients (≥60 years; p=0.038). Routine use of platelet function assays and newer P2Y12 receptor inhibitors (ticagrelor) were not associated with fewer thromboembolic events.ConclusionsThromboembolic events are relatively common after treatment with a PED with an incidence comparable to stent-assisted and conventional coiling but the risk of neurological morbidity from ischemic burden is low. Older patients are at particularly increased risk of thromboembolic events.
DISMANTLING THE BOX — APPLYING PRINCIPLES FOR REDUCING PRECONCEPTIONS DURING IDEATION
Authors: FOX STEPHEN 
Published: January 2016

Many methods to facilitate “thinking outside the box” are described in the literature. However, less consideration has been given to reducing the limiting influence of preconceptions in order to increase the potential scope of innovative thinking. In other words, less consideration has been given to “dismantling the box”. Here, research is reported that involved application of principles for reducing preconceptions. These principles are drawn from research into diverse methods from a variety of disciplines, which are used to reduce the limiting influence of preconceptions. Prior to the reported field studies, and without knowledge of the field studies being carried out in the future, participants had ideated innovation proposals focused upon using technologies to achieve improvements to their internal operating efficiency. Subsequently, in all three field studies, participants ideated innovation proposals focused upon using technologies to introduce new offerings which could create new markets. Yet, the field studies involved no methods for facilitating “thinking outside the box” — rather application of principles for reducing preconceptions.
GC1118, an Anti-EGFR Antibody with a Distinct Binding Epitope and Superior Inhibitory Activity against High-Affinity EGFR Ligands
Authors: Lim Yangmi , Yoo Jiho , Kim Min-Soo , Hur Minkyu , Lee Eun Hee , Hur Hyung-Suk , Lee Jae-Chul , Lee Shi-Nai , Park Tae Wook , Lee Kyuhyun , Chang Ki Hwan , Kim Kuglae , Kang YingJin , Hong Kwang-Won , Kim Se-Ho , Kim Yeon-Gil , Yoon Yeup , Nam Do-Hyun , Yang Heekyoung , Kim Dong Geon , Cho Hyun-Soo , Won Jonghwa 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The EGFR-targeted monoclonal antibodies are a valid therapeutic strategy for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). However, only a small subset of mCRC patients has therapeutic benefits and there are high demands for EGFR therapeutics with a broader patient pool and more potent efficacy. In this study, we report GC1118 exhibiting a different character in terms of binding epitope, affinity, mode of action, and efficacy from other anti-EGFR antibodies. Structural analysis of the EGFR–GC1118 crystal complex revealed that GC1118 recognizes linear, discrete N-terminal epitopes of domain III of EGFR, critical for EGF binding but not overlapping with those of other EGFR-targeted antibodies. GC1118 exhibited superior inhibitory activity against high-affinity EGFR ligands in terms of EGFR binding, triggering EGFR signaling, and proliferation compared with cetuximab and panitumumab. EGFR signaling driven by low-affinity ligands, on the contrary, was well inhibited by all the antibodies tested. GC1118 demonstrated robust antitumor activity in tumor xenografts with elevated expression of high-affinity ligands in vivo, whereas cetuximab did not. Considering the significant role of high-affinity EGFR ligands in modulating tumor microenvironment and inducing resistance to various cancer therapeutics, our study suggests a potential therapeutic advantage of GC1118 in terms of efficacy and a range of benefited patient pool. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(2); 251–63. ©2015 AACR.