bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accelerated 2D magnetic resonance spectroscopy of single spins using matrix completion
Authors: Scheuer Jochen , Stark Alexander , Kost Matthias , Plenio Martin B. , Naydenov Boris , Jelezko Fedor 
Published: December 2015

AbstractTwo dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is one of the major tools for analysing the chemical structure of organic molecules and proteins. Despite its power, this technique requires long measurement times, which, particularly in the recently emerging diamond based single molecule NMR, limits its application to stable samples. Here we demonstrate a method which allows to obtain the spectrum by collecting only a small fraction of the experimental data. Our method is based on matrix completion which can recover the full spectral information from randomly sampled data points. We confirm experimentally the applicability of this technique by performing two dimensional electron spin echo envelope modulation (ESEEM) experiments on a two spin system consisting of a single nitrogen vacancy (NV) centre in diamond coupled to a single13C nuclear spin. The signal to noise ratio of the recovered 2D spectrum is compared to the Fourier transform of randomly subsampled data, where we observe a strong suppression of the noise when the matrix completion algorithm is applied. We show that the peaks in the spectrum can be obtained with only 10% of the total number of the data points. We believe that our results reported here can find an application in all types of two dimensional spectroscopy, as long as the measured matrices have a low rank.
Investigation of reactions between trace gases and functional CuO nanospheres and octahedrons using NEXAFS-TXM imaging
Authors: Henzler Katja , Heilemann Axel , Kneer Janosch , Guttmann Peter , Jia He , Bartsch Eckhard , Lu Yan , Palzer Stefan 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn order to take full advantage of novel functional materials in the next generation of sensorial devices scalable processes for their fabrication and utilization are of great importance. Also understanding the processes lending the properties to those materials is essential. Among the most sought-after sensor applications are low-cost, highly sensitive and selective metal oxide based gas sensors. Yet, the surface reactions responsible for provoking a change in the electrical behavior of gas sensitive layers are insufficiently comprehended. Here, we have used near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy in combination with x-ray microscopy (NEXAFS-TXM) forex-situmeasurements, in order to reveal the hydrogen sulfide induced processes at the surface of copper oxide nanoparticles, which are ultimately responsible for triggering a percolation phase transition. For the first time these measurements allow the imaging of trace gas induced reactions and the effect they have on the chemical composition of the metal oxide surface and bulk. This makes the new technique suitable for elucidating adsorption processesin-situand under real operating conditions.
Three-Dimensional Assignment of the Structures of Atomic Clusters: an Example of Au8M (M=Si, Ge, Sn) Anion Clusters
Authors: Liu Yi-Rong , Huang Teng , Gai Yan-Bo , Zhang Yang , Feng Ya-Juan , Huang Wei 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIdentification of different isomer structures of atomic and molecular clusters has long been a challenging task in the field of cluster science. Here we present a three-dimensional (3D) assignment method, combining the energy (1D) and simulated (2D) spectra to assure the assignment of the global minimum structure. This method is more accurate and convenient than traditional methods, which only consider the total energy and first vertical detachment energies (VDEs) of anion clusters. There are two prerequisites when the 3D assignment method is ultilized. First, a reliable global minimum search algorithm is necessary to explore enough valleys on the potential energy surface. Second, trustworthy simulated spectra are necessary, that is to say, spectra that are in quantitative agreement. In this paper, we demonstrate the validity of the 3D assignment method using Au8M− (M = Si, Ge, Sn) systems. Results from this study indicate that the global minimum structures of Au8Ge− and Au8Sn− clusters are different from those described in previous studies.
Preclinical detection of infectivity and disease-specific PrP in blood throughout the incubation period of prion disease
Authors: Sawyer Elizabeth B. , Edgeworth Julie Ann , Thomas Claire , Collinge John , Jackson Graham S. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractVariant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterised by accumulation of pathological isoforms of the prion protein, PrP. Although cases of clinical vCJD are rare, there is evidence there may be tens of thousands of infectious carriers in the United Kingdom alone. This raises concern about the potential for perpetuation of infection via medical procedures, in particular transfusion of contaminated blood products. Accurate biochemical detection of prion infection is crucial to mitigate risk and we have previously reported a blood assay for vCJD. This assay is sensitive for abnormal PrP conformers at the earliest stages of preclinical prion disease in mice and precedes the maximum infectious titre in blood. Not only does this support the possibility of screening asymptomatic individuals, it will also facilitate the elucidation of the complex relationship that exists between the ensemble of abnormal PrP conformers present in blood and the relationship to infectivity.
In-situ microfluidic controlled, low temperature hydrothermal growth of nanoflakes for dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Zhao Chao , Zhang Jia , Hu Yue , Robertson Neil , Hu Ping An , Child David , Gibson Desmond , Fu Yong Qing 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn this paper, an in-situ microfluidic control unit (MCU) was designed and applied in a hydrothermal synthesis process, which provides an easy way to localize liquid-phase reaction and realize selective synthesis and direct growth of nanostructures as well as their morphology, all in a low-temperature and atmospheric environment. The morphology was controlled through controlling the amount of additivities using the MCU. This achieved a facile fabrication of Al doped ZnO (AZO) nanoflakes vertically grown on flexible polymer substrates with enhanced light scattering and dye loading capabilities. Flexible DSSCs with a significant enhancement (410% compare to ZnO NRs based devices) in power conversion efficiency were obtained using AZO nanoflake photoanodes of 6 μm thick, due to the enhancement in electron mobility and reduction in recombination. This hydrothermal synthesis using the in-situ MCU provides an efficient and scalable technique to synthesize controllable nanostructures with characteristics of easy set-up, low energy consumption and low cost.
A composite scaffold of MSC affinity peptide-modified demineralized bone matrix particles and chitosan hydrogel for cartilage regeneration
Authors: Meng Qingyang , Man Zhentao , Dai Linghui , Huang Hongjie , Zhang Xin , Hu Xiaoqing , Shao Zhenxing , Zhu Jingxian , Zhang Jiying , Fu Xin , Duan Xiaoning , Ao Yingfang 
Published: December 2015

AbstractArticular cartilage injury is still a significant challenge because of the poor intrinsic healing potential of cartilage. Stem cell-based tissue engineering is a promising technique for cartilage repair. As cartilage defects are usually irregular in clinical settings, scaffolds with moldability that can fill any shape of cartilage defects and closely integrate with the host cartilage are desirable. In this study, we constructed a composite scaffold combining mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) E7 affinity peptide-modified demineralized bone matrix (DBM) particles and chitosan (CS) hydrogel for cartilage engineering. This solid-supported composite scaffold exhibited appropriate porosity, which provided a 3D microenvironment that supports cell adhesion and proliferation. Cell proliferation and DNA content analysis indicated that the DBM-E7/CS scaffold promoted better rat bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMMSCs) survival than the CS or DBM/CS groups. Meanwhile, the DBM-E7/CS scaffold increased matrix production and improved chondrogenic differentiation ability of BMMSCs in vitro. Furthermore, after implantation in vivo for four weeks, compared to those in control groups, the regenerated issue in the DBM-E7/CS group exhibited translucent and superior cartilage-like structures, as indicated by gross observation, histological examination and assessment of matrix staining. Overall, the functional composite scaffold of DBM-E7/CS is a promising option for repairing irregularly shaped cartilage defects.
Design of a single protein that spans the entire 2-V range of physiological redox potentials
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Parisa , Marshall Nicholas M. , Chacón Kelly N. , Yu Yang , Nilges Mark J. , New Siu Yee , Tashkov Stoyan A. , Blackburn Ninian J. , Lu Yi 
Published: December 2015

Significance
Nature spent millions of years to evolve electron transfer proteins that span a wide range of reduction potentials (E°′) under physiological conditions, from −1 V to 1 V vs. standard hydrogen electrode. Understanding the rules that govern such tuning within similar classes of metalloproteins enables scientists to rationally tune the E°′of their catalysts without changing the active site. An ultimate test of such understanding is to achieve the entire range of E°′ within a single protein, a feat that has not been achieved yet. Herein, we conclusively found that we can cover the entire 2-V range of E°′ using a single protein with five mutations and two metal ions. We have also provided explanations for structural features responsible for such high potential.
Conserved factor Dhp1/Rat1/Xrn2 triggers premature transcription termination and nucleates heterochromatin to promote gene silencing
Authors: Chalamcharla Venkata R. , Folco H. Diego , Dhakshnamoorthy Jothy , Grewal Shiv I. S. 
Published: December 2015

Significance
RNA-mediated heterochromatin assembly requires transcription by RNA polymerases and a plethora of RNA-processing factors. However, the mechanisms that differentiate productive gene transcription from transcriptional activity linked to the assembly of repressive heterochromatin have remained elusive. Here we find that factors promoting noncanonical termination of RNA polymerase II transcription trigger heterochromatin assembly. We propose that termination and 3′-end processing factors serve as molecular sensors that, in addition to determining the fate of target transcripts, mediate heterochromatin assembly. Importantly, these findings provide insights into the paradoxical interdependence of heterochromatin assembly and transcription of target loci and suggest a mechanism for specifying certain genomic regions, including developmental genes and repeat elements, as targets for heterochromatin assembly.
Cuspidal representations of reductive p-adic groups are relatively injective and projective
Authors: Meyer Ralf 
Published: December 2015

Cuspidal representations of a reductive

p
p

-adic group

G
G

over a field of characteristic different from

p
p

are relatively injective and projective with respect to extensions that split by a

U
U

-equivariant linear map for any subgroup

U
U

that is compact modulo the centre. The category of smooth representations over a field whose characteristic does not divide the pro-order of

G
G

is the product of the subcategories of cuspidal representations and of subrepresentations of direct sums of parabolically induced representations.
The Effects of Anesthetic Technique on Postoperative Opioid Consumption in Ankle Fracture Surgery
Authors: Christensen Kristian P. , Møller Ann M. , Nielsen Jesper K. , Klausen Tobias W. , Sort Rune 
Published: December 2015

Objectives:
To investigate the impact of common anesthetic techniques on postoperative opioid consumption in ankle fracture surgery.

Materials and Methods:
We performed a retrospective cohort study on 622 patients with isolated ankle fractures undergoing primary reconstructive surgery. Patients were identified by consecutive screening in the years 2008 to 2011. Our primary endpoint was the difference in the 24-hour postoperative opioid consumption after general anesthesia (GA) compared with different regional anesthesia modalities. Secondary endpoints were length of stay in the postanesthesia care unit, risk of postoperative nausea and vomiting, and postoperative length of hospital stay.

Results:
Opioid consumption in 4 anesthesia groups (equipotent doses of IV morphine) was as follows: GA: 21.9 mg (95% confidence interval [CI]±1.2), GA+peripheral nerve block (PNB): 16.3 mg (95% CI±1.1), spinal anesthesia (SA): 17.1 mg (95% CI±0.9), and SA+PNB: 14.6 mg (95% CI±1.0). We found significant differences between “GA” and all other groups (P≤0.01). The most pronounced difference is seen when GA is compared with SA+PNB, with a 33.4% opioid reduction in the latter group.

Discussion:
Regional anesthesia modalities reduce postoperative opioid consumption in ankle fracture surgery in comparison with GA. A benefit of PNBs is possibly due to an improved pain profile. Our study is retrospective and cannot predict the exact magnitude of this benefit.
The Surgical Management of Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Knee in the Skeletally Immature: A Survey of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America (POSNA) Membership
Authors: Yellin Joseph L. , Gans Itai , Carey James L. , Shea Kevin G. , Ganley Theodore J. 
Published: December 2015

Background:
While the characteristics of osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the knee that require surgery to heal have been described, several surgical techniques/procedures exist with no consensus established regarding timing of treatment and specific surgical intervention. In this study, we aim to determine current trends in surgical treatment for OCD lesions in the skeletally immature who have failed 6 months of nonoperative management by surveying a large cohort of orthopaedic surgeons.

Methods:
An electronic survey designed using REDCap to capture surgeon treatment preferences for OCD lesions was distributed to members of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America (POSNA). The survey inquired about treating physicians’ training and demographics. It then offered a series of clinical vignettes alongside imaging describing patients with varying degrees of severity of OCD following nonoperative treatment. Surgeons were prompted to select from a variety of multiple-choice–based options for further patient management. Standard descriptive statistics were used to summarize and compare the responses.

Results:
Of the 129 POSNA members completing the pediatric survey, 97.7% were attending level orthopaedic surgeons, the majority identifying with an academic institution and treating mostly skeletally immature patients. In the skeletally immature population, the majority would treat intact, stable OCD lesions with drilling in a retroarticular or transarticular manner. Preferred treatment for unstable, salvageable lesions was screw fixation using bioabsorble materials or metal with variable pitch with no bone graft. The majority of respondents would treat unstable, unsalvageable OCD lesions with chondroplasty and osteochondral transplant/transfer or microfracture/drilling.

Conclusions:
The POSNA membership appears to agree on principle in terms of treatment modalities for various stages of OCD lesions in the skeletally immature, whereas individual techniques of achieving these principles may vary. Members endorse drilling for stable intact lesions; fixation for unstable, salvageable lesions; and “defect fill” for unsalvageable lesions.

Clinical Significance:
OCD surgical treatment patterns can be used in future studies to determine which techniques are most effective for given indications, with the goal of designing a research-proven optimal treatment regimen for skeletally immature patients.
Esophageal Perforation Caused by a Posterior Pedicle Screw: A Case Report
Authors: Sariyilmaz Kerim , Ozkunt Okan , Sungur Mustafa , Dikici Fatih , Domanic Unsal 
Published: December 2015

Background:
Posterior spinal instrumented fusion has received widespread acceptance in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) treatment, there have been some potential complications resulted from screw misplacement. Esophagus is one of the vital structures close to the upper thoracic vertebras and is at risk for potential injury.

Methods:
A 15-year-old girl who underwent posterior instrumented fusion for AIS was admitted to our department 10 years later with a complaint of dysphagia due to an esophageal perforation from a malpositioned T4 pedicle screw (PS). After implant removal and nasogastric tube placement, oral feeding was started after 3 days and the patient was discharged from hospital after 1 week.

Results:
In 12 weeks, the esophageal perforation healed without complications.

Conclusions:
This is the first case report of esophageal perforation by a posterior PS in an AIS patient. Esophagus is close to the upper thoracic vertebras and an anterior cortical perforation can cause esophageal injury if longer than 35 mm PSs are used. This unusual but potential complication must be kept in mind in scoliosis surgery.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV—case report.
Comparison of Oncology Patients’ and Their Family Caregivers’ Attitudes and Concerns Toward Pain and Pain Management
Authors: Valeberg Berit Taraldsen , Miaskowski Christine , Paul Steven M. , Rustøen Tone 
Published: December 2015

Background:
Both cancer patients and their family caregivers (FCs) report concerns about pain and pain management. When dyads share appraisal of the illness context, they may experience better dyadic adjustment.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to compare oncology outpatients’ and their FCs’ attitudes and concerns toward pain and pain management.

Methods:
In a cross-sectional study, outpatients with pain (n = 71) and their FCs completed the Barriers Questionnaire II, the Brief Pain Inventory, and information about demographic characteristics. Correlations and paired-samples t tests were calculated to evaluate agreement and differences in barrier scores between the patients and their FCs.

Results:
Congruence was found in patients’ and FCs’ beliefs about pain and the use of analgesics on 4 of 7 subscales (ie, tolerance, immune system, side effects, distract the medical doctor) and on the Barriers Questionnaire II total score. Both patients and their FCs were most concerned about addiction.

Conclusions:
The concerns that both patients and their FCs have about pain and the use of analgesics may act as barriers to effective pain management. Fear of addiction may be an important barrier to cancer pain management. Only small differences were found in concerns between the patients and their FCs.

Implications for Practice:
Patients and FCs need education about perceived barriers to effective pain management. They should be coached together to maintain or increase the congruence between them.
Healthcare Professionals’ Knowledge of Family Psychosocial Problems in Pediatric Cancer
Authors: Barrera Maru , Rokeach Alan , Yogalingam Priyanga , Hancock Kelly , Johnston Donna L. , Cataudella Danielle , Cassidy Marilyn , Punnett Angela S. , Shama Wendy 
Published: December 2015

Background:
Best practice guidelines for the treatment of cancer now advocate for a child- and family-centered model of care and a psychosocial model of risk prevention. However, healthcare professionals (HCPs) report a number of barriers preventing the implementation of psychosocial care, including an absence of tools to help identify psychosocial problems within the family.

Objectives:
The aims of this study are to (1) explore the psychometric properties of the Psychosocial Care Checklist (PCCL) and (2) test if the PCCL can differentiate the degree to which HCPs are aware of psychosocial problems within the family (patient, siblings, parents) of a child with cancer.

Methods:
Thirty-seven HCPs caring for a child with cancer completed the PCCL at time 1 (2-4 weeks after diagnosis) and 29 HCPs completed the PCCL at time 2 (2-3 weeks after).

Results:
The PCCL had strong test-retest reliability for all domains (α > .60) and strong internal consistency for the total PCCL (α = .91). Interrater reliability was moderate for the oncologist-nurse dyad with regard to sibling knowledge (r = 0.56) and total psychosocial knowledge (r = 0.65). Social workers were significantly more knowledgeable than both nurses and oncologists about total family problems (P = .01) and sibling problems (P = .03).

Conclusions:
Preliminary findings suggest that the PCCL has adequate test-retest reliability and validity and is useful in differentiating the degree to which HCPs are aware of psychosocial problems within the family, with social workers being the most knowledgeable.

Implications for Practice:
Using the PCCL may help HCPs to identify psychosocial problems within the family and appropriately allocate psychosocial resources.
Induced-fit of the peptidyl-transferase center of the ribosome and conformational freedom of the esterified amino acids
Authors: Lehmann Jean 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTThe catalytic site of most enzymes can essentially deal with only one substrate. In contrast, the ribosome is capable of polymerizing at a similar rate at least 20 different kinds of amino acids from aminoacyl-tRNA carriers while using just one catalytic site, the peptidyl-transferase center (PTC). An induced-fit mechanism has been uncovered in the PTC, but a possible connection between this mechanism and the uniform handling of the substrates has not been investigated. We present an analysis of published ribosome structures supporting the hypothesis that the inducedfit eliminates unreactive rotamers predominantly populated for some A-site aminoacyl esters before induction. We show that this hypothesis is fully consistent with the wealth of kinetic data obtained with these substrates. Our analysis reveals that induction constrains the amino acids into a reactive conformation in a side-chain independent manner. It allows us to highlight the rationale of the PTC structural organization, which confers to the ribosome the very unusual ability to handle large as well as small substrates.