bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Party Promises, Voter Understanding, and Mandate Responsiveness inEastEuropean Politics
Authors: Kostadinova Tatiana , Kostadinova Petia 
Published: February 2016

The literature on reform policy fulfillment after the collapse of Communism identifies mandate responsiveness as the weakest aspect of the quality of democracy in Eastern Europe. We build on this research and specify both direct and interaction effects of party promises and voter understanding on policy outcomes. On the empirical level, we develop a measure of citizen comprehension of party positions to analyze this component of the mandate model, previously omitted in much of the scholarship on the topic. Our findings suggest that elements of mandate responsiveness are emerging in the post‐communist countries, and that they are present in some policy areas but not in others. The effect of campaign pledges on policy outcomes is contingent on voter awareness of what politicians promise. This knowledge is improved by the distinctiveness in party programs regarding democratization and marketization.Related ArticlesLipsmeyer,Christine S.2009. “.”Politics & Policy37():715‐734.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2009.00195.x/abstractKim,Myunghee.2007. “.”Politics & Policy35():496‐521.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2007.00070.x/abstractWhitefield,Stephen, andRobertRohrschneider.2009. “.”Politics & Policy37():667‐690.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2009.00193.x/abstractRelated Mediahttp://blogs.lse.ac.uk/europpblog/2015/10/27/what-does-law-and-justices-election-victory-in-poland-mean-for-europe/http://nottspolitics.org/2015/03/09/promises-promises-in-the-croatian-presidential-elections/http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/europpblog/2013/10/22/the-once-stable-czech-party-system-is-at-risk-of-unravelling-in-this-weeks-parliamentary-elections/
Out of the Golden Cage: PR and the Career Opportunities of Policy Professionals
Authors: Svallfors Stefan 
Published: February 2016

This article focuses on “policy professionals”—people employed to affect politics and policy making rather than elected to office, and their career motivations and considerations. What do they see as career opportunities and limitations? What resources do policy professionals offer on the job market? How are status and hierarchy on their particular labor market perceived? Special attention is paid to the possible transitions from current job into other positions and arenas. The study pinpoints the “golden cage” problem: the problem for organizations positioned outside party politics to properly evaluate the distinct skills of policy professionals. The key position of the public relations agencies in this regard is highlighted. The article closes with a discussion of some democratic implications of the arguments and findings, such as anticipatory adjustment of behavior in public office, the potential merging of political elites, and the supply driven growth of the policy professional stratum.Related Articles

French, Edward, and
Doug Goodman. 2011. “.” Politics & Policy 39 (): 761‐785. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2011.00312.x/abstract

Howlett, Michael, and
Adam M. Wellstead. 2011. “.” Politics & Policy 39 (): 613‐633. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2011.00306.x/abstract

Brill, Sam, and
Abby McCartney. 2008. “.” Politics & Policy 36 (): 750‐774. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2008.00133.x/abstract
Floorball‐related eye injuries: The impact of protective eyewear
Authors: Bro T. , Ghosh F. 
Published: February 2016

Several previous studies have shown that floorball belongs to a high‐risk group of sports in terms of eye injuries. Protective eyewear is available, but the extent of its use and impact on eye injuries are unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the current incidence of eye injuries caused by floorball and to compare it with the present use of protective eyewear. Medical records were used to identify all eye injuries suffered while playing floorball in Jönköping County from 2008 to 2011 (N = 167). All these patients were sent a questionnaire that included inquiries about the use of protective eyewear. The study shows that floorball caused more eye injuries than all other sports combined (56%). Prolonged decreased visual acuity was very unusual (0.5%), but moderate eye injuries with some risk of future problems were seen in 62% of the sample. More than one fifth of the injured patients reported some kind of vision‐related problem 2–7 years after the original injury. Only one player had been using protective eyewear at the time of injury. Our results underline the importance of protective eyewear to prevent floorball‐related injuries.
Fluid overpressure as a control on sandstone reservoir quality in a mechanical compaction dominated setting: Magnolia Field, Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Sathar Shanvas , Jones Stuart 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe reservoir quality (porosity and permeability) of deeply buried hydrocarbon reservoir sandstones in sedimentary basins is significantly affected by burial diagenesis. Many deep reservoirs develop anomalous fluid overpressures during burial. Previous studies on the effect of fluid overpressure on reservoir quality in these deep reservoirs have been inconclusive because of the difficulty in constraining the individual contributions of various porosity preserving factors that are simultaneously active in these reservoirs. Owing to its rapid burial and low burial temperatures, the Neogene gravity‐flow sandstone reservoirs from the Magnolia Field, Gulf of Mexico, offers a unique opportunity to investigate in isolation the effect of fluid overpressure on reservoir quality. Examination of petrography, pore pressure and routine core analysis datasets showed a positive correlation between high fluid overpressure and enhanced reservoir quality. This study confirms that fluid overpressure preserves reservoir quality in deeply buried sandstone reservoirs in compaction dominated, high sedimentation basin settings.
Use of a nictitating membrane flap for treatment of feline acute corneal hydrops—21 eyes
Authors: Pederson Samantha L. , Pizzirani Stefano , Andrew Stacy E. , Pate Diana O. , Stine Jessica M. , Michau Tammy M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of the use of a nictitating membrane flap (NMF) as therapy in 19 cats (21 eyes) affected with feline acute corneal hydrops (FACH).MethodsMedical records from 19 cats diagnosed with FACH and treated with a NMF were retrospectively evaluated. Information was collected from multiple veterinary hospitals and included signalment, medical history, therapy, and ocular outcome.ResultsBreeds included 13 Domestic Shorthairs, 2 Exotic Shorthairs, 2 Maine Coons, 1 Persian, and 1 Domestic Medium Hair. Two cats were bilaterally affected. Median age of cats was 3.2 years (range 0.26–15 years). Eleven patients were spayed females, 6 were neutered males, and 2 were intact males. Topical steroids were previously administered in 5 (23.8%) eyes; oral steroids were previously administered in 7 cats (36.8% of patients); three patients received both oral and topical steroids. Thirteen of 21 (61.9%) eyes had a history of ocular disease including ulcerative and nonulcerative keratitis, anterior uveitis, corneal sequestrum, conjunctivitis, and glaucoma. Median duration of NMF was 15 days (range 6–30 days). Follow‐up ranged from 12 to 1601 days (median 169 days). Corneal perforation occurred in 1 (4.7%) eye and was successfully repaired. One lesion (4.7%) in a diabetic patient did not resolve. Nineteen of the treated eyes (90.5%) resolved with no complications.ConclusionsA nictitating membrane flap successfully treated 90.5% of FACH eyes (89.5% of patients).
Tumor radio‐sensitivity assessment by means of volume data and magnetic resonance indices measured on prostate tumor bearing rats
Authors: Belfatto Antonella , White Derek A. , Mason Ralph P. , Zhang Zhang , Stojadinovic Strahinja , Baroni Guido , Cerveri Pietro 
Published: February 2016

Purpose:Radiation therapy is one of the most common treatments in the fight against prostate cancer, since it is used to control the tumor (early stages), to slow its progression, and even to control pain (metastasis). Although many factors (e.g., tumor oxygenation) are known to influence treatment efficacy, radiotherapy doses and fractionation schedules are often prescribed according to the principle “one‐fits‐all,” with little personalization. Therefore, the authors aim at predicting the outcome of radiation therapy a priori starting from morphologic and functional information to move a step forward in the treatment customization.Methods:The authors propose a two‐step protocol to predict the effects of radiation therapy on individual basis. First, one macroscopic mathematical model of tumor evolution was trained on tumor volume progression, measured by caliper, of eighteen Dunning R3327‐AT1 bearing rats. Nine rats inhaled 100% O2 during irradiation (oxy), while the others were allowed to breathe air. Second, a supervised learning of the weight and biases of two feedforward neural networks was performed to predict the radio‐sensitivity (target) from the initial volume and oxygenation‐related information (inputs) for each rat group (air and oxygen breathing). To this purpose, four MRI‐based indices related to blood and tissue oxygenation were computed, namely, the variation of signal intensity in interleaved blood oxygen level dependent and tissue oxygen level dependent (IBT) sequences as well as changes in longitudinal and transverse relaxation rates.Results:An inverse correlation of the radio‐sensitivity parameter, assessed by the model, was found with respect the (−0.65) for the oxy group. A further subdivision according to positive and negative values of showed a larger average radio‐sensitivity for the oxy rats with and a significant difference in the two distributions (p < 0.05). Finally, a leave‐one‐out procedure yielded a radio‐sensitivity error lower than 20% in both neural networks.Conclusions:While preliminary, these specific results suggest that subjects affected by the same pathology can benefit differently from the same irradiation modalities and support the usefulness of IBT in discriminating between different responses.
Draft Genome Sequences of Two Methicillin-Resistant Clinical Staphylococcus aureus Isolates
Authors: Khan Saeed , Sung Kidon , Iram Saira , Nawaz Mohamed , Xu Joshua , Marasa Bernard 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT

Here, we report the draft genome sequences of two methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) clinical isolates, hospital-associated perirectal isolate 32S (ST 239) from a colitis tracheostomy patient and community-associated MRSA isolate 42S (ST 772) from a hepatic-splenomegaly patient in Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
Complete Genome Sequencing of Dengue Virus Type I from Zhuhai City, China
Authors: Chen Chao , Wei Quande 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
The detection and successful typing of dengue virus (DENV) from patients with suspected dengue fever are important for stopping outbreaks and preventing the recurrence of this virus. In this study, we reported complete genomic sequences of DENV-1 isolated from Zhuhai patients, providing basic information for future epidemic dengue disease detection.
Six
Pseudoalteromonas
Strains Isolated from Surface Waters of Kabeltonne, Offshore Helgoland, North Sea
Authors: Duhaime Melissa B. , Wichels Antje , Sullivan Matthew B. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT

Draft genomes are presented for 6
Pseudoalteromonas
sp. strains isolated from surface waters at Kabeltonne, Helgoland, a long-term ecological research station in the North Sea. These strains contribute knowledge of the genomic underpinnings of a developing model system to study phage-host dynamics of a particle-associated ocean copiotroph.
Draft Genome Sequence of Enterococcus faecium Strain 58m, Isolated from Intestinal Tract Content of a Woolly Mammoth,
Mammuthus primigenius
Authors: Goncharov Artemiy , Grigorjev Semyon , Karaseva Alena , Kolodzhieva Viktoria , Azarov Daniil , Akhremenko Yana , Tarasova Lidia , Tikhonov Alexei , Masharskiy Alexey , Zueva Lyudmila , Suvorov Alexander 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT

Enterococcus faecium
58m is a putative ancient nonpathogenic strain isolated from the intestinal content of an adult woolly mammoth (
Mammuthus primigenius
). Here, we report its draft genome sequence, consisting of 60 contigs.
In silico
genomic analysis was performed to determine the genetic features and pathogenic potential of this microorganism.
Draft Genome Sequences of the Turfgrass Pathogen
Sclerotinia homoeocarpa
Authors: Green Robert , Sang Hyunkyu , Chang Taehyun , Allan-Perkins Elisha , Petit Elsa , Jung Geunhwa 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT

Sclerotinia homoeocarpa
(F. T. Bennett) is one of the most economically important pathogens on high-amenity cool-season turfgrasses, where it causes dollar spot. To understand the genetic mechanisms of fungicide resistance, which has become highly prevalent, the whole genomes of two isolates with varied resistance levels to fungicides were sequenced.
Genome Sequence of Selenium-Solubilizing Bacterium Caulobacter vibrioides T5M6
Authors: Wang Yihua , Qin Yanan , Kot Witold , Zhang Fujun , Zheng Shixue , Wang Gejiao , Hansen Lars H. , Rensing Christopher 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT

Caulobacter vibrioides
T5M6 is a Gram-negative strain that strongly solubilizes selenium (Se) mineral into Se(IV) and was isolated from a selenium mining area in Enshi, southwest China. This strain produces the phytohormone IAA and promotes plant growth. Here we present the genome of this strain containing a large number of genes encoding resistances to copper and antibiotics.
Draft Genome Sequence of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae ALF3 Isolated from Alfalfa
Authors: Harrison James , Dornbusch Melinda R. , Samac Deborah , Studholme David J. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT

We report here the annotated draft genome sequence of
Pseudomonas syringae
pv. syringae strain ALF3, isolated in Wyoming. A comparison of this genome sequence with those of closely related strains of
P. syringae
adapted to other hosts will facilitate research into interactions between this pathogen and alfalfa.
Complete Genome Sequence of the African Strain AXO1947 of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae
Authors: Huguet-Tapia J. C. , Peng Z. , Yang B. , Yin Z. , Liu S. , White F. F. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT

Xanthomonas oryzae
pv. oryzae is the etiological agent of bacterial rice blight. Three distinct clades of
X. oryzae
pv. oryzae are known. We present the complete annotated genome of the African clade strain AXO194 using long-read single-molecule PacBio sequencing technology. The genome comprises a single chromosome of 4,674,975 bp and encodes for nine transcriptional activator-like (TAL) effectors. The approach and data presented in this announcement provide information for complex bacterial genome organization and the discovery of new virulence effectors, and they facilitate target characterization of TAL effectors.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Pseudomonas
sp. Strain ADP, a Bacterial Model for Studying the Degradation of the Herbicide Atrazine
Authors: Devers-Lamrani Marion , Spor Aymé , Mounier Arnaud , Martin-Laurent Fabrice 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT

We report here the 7,259,392-bp draft genome of
Pseudomonas
sp. strain ADP. This is a bacterial strain that was first isolated in the 1990s from soil for its ability to mineralize the herbicide atrazine. It has extensively been studied as a model to understand the atrazine biodegradation pathway. This genome will be used as a reference and compared to evolved populations obtained by experimental evolution conducted on this strain under atrazine selection pressure.
Draft Genome Sequence of Bacillus methylotrophicus FKM10, a Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacterium Isolated from Apple Rhizosphere
Authors: Wang Chengqiang , Hu Xiuna , Liu Kai , Hou Qihui , Yang Qianqian , Ding Yanqin , Du Binghai 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT

Bacillus methylotrophicus
FKM10 is a strain of plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium with antimicrobial activity, which was isolated from apple rhizosphere. Here, we present the genome sequence of
B. methylotrophicus
FKM10. Two scaffolds were finally assembled, and several functional genes related to its antimicrobial activity were discovered.
Relationship between diagonal earlobe creases and coronary artery disease as determined via angiography
Authors: Wang Yong , Mao Li-Hua , Jia En-Zhi , Li Zhao-Yang , Ding Xiao-Qing , Ge Peng-Cheng , Liu Zhe , Zhu Tie-Bing , Wang Lian-Sheng , Li Chun-Jian , Ma Wen-Zhu , Yang Zhi-Jian 
Published: February 2016

ObjectiveThis study was designed to examine the prevalence of unilateral and bilateral diagonal earlobe creases (DELCs) with respect to the diagnosis of coronary heart disease (CHD).MethodsA total of 558 consecutive participants (402 males and 156 females) aged 36–91 years who underwent coronary angiography were enrolled in this study. The participants were classified as being without a DELC, having a unilateral DELC and having bilateral DELCs; participants with either a unilateral DELC or bilateral DELCs were defined as participants with DELCs. Significant CHD was defined as at least one major vessel with >50% stenosis, and coronary atherosclerosis severity was defined using the Gensini scoring system.ResultsIn the present study, bilateral DELCs were more frequently among male (p=0.001), CHD (p=0.000), older people (p=0.000) and those with more severe coronary artery atherosclerosis (p=0.000). The results of the multiple regression analyses indicated that DELCs (OR, 4.861; 95% CI 3.093 to 7.642, p=0.000) remained independently associated with a risk of CHD. It was assumed that participants without a DELC have a certain background risk for CHD (OR is assumed to be 1); the results of the multivariate logistic regression indicated that the relative risk of CHD among participants with bilateral DELCs was 5.690 among all participants (OR, 5.690; 95% CI 3.450 to 9.384, p=0.000), 5.436 among male participants (OR, 5.436; 95% CI 2.808 to 10.523, p=0.000) and 7.148 among female participants (OR, 7.148; 95% CI 3.184 to 16.049, p=0.000). Moreover, a positive association between DELC and age (SI=1.21, SIM=1.65, AP =0.132), gender (SI=2.09, SIM=0.81, AP=0.49) and smoking status (SI=1.49, SIM=0.73, AP=0.29) was found, respectively.ConclusionsThe results of the present study indicated that DELCs are a simple and a feasible means of identifying CHD. However, the exact mechanism underlying the relationship between DELCs and CHD warrants further study.
What is a medical decision? A taxonomy based on physician statements in hospital encounters: a qualitative study
Authors: Ofstad Eirik H , Frich Jan C , Schei Edvin , Frankel Richard M , Gulbrandsen Pål 
Published: February 2016

ObjectiveThe medical literature lacks a comprehensive taxonomy of decisions made by physicians in medical encounters. Such a taxonomy might be useful in understanding the physician-centred, patient-centred and shared decision-making in clinical settings. We aimed to identify and classify all decisions emerging in conversations between patients and physicians.DesignQualitative study of video recorded patient–physician encounters.Participants and setting380 patients in consultations with 59 physicians from 17 clinical specialties and three different settings (emergency room, ward round, outpatient clinic) in a Norwegian teaching hospital. A randomised sample of 30 encounters from internal medicine was used to identify and classify decisions, a maximum variation sample of 20 encounters was used for reliability assessments, and the remaining encounters were analysed to test for applicability across specialties.ResultsOn the basis of physician statements in our material, we developed a taxonomy of clinical decisions—the Decision Identification and Classification Taxonomy for Use in Medicine (DICTUM). We categorised decisions into 10 mutually exclusive categories: gathering additional information, evaluating test results, defining problem, drug-related, therapeutic procedure-related, legal and insurance-related, contact-related, advice and precaution, treatment goal, and deferment. Four-coder inter-rater reliability using Krippendorff's α was 0.79.ConclusionsDICTUM represents a precise, detailed and comprehensive taxonomy of medical decisions communicated within patient–physician encounters. Compared to previous normative frameworks, the taxonomy is descriptive, substantially broader and offers new categories to the variety of clinical decisions. The taxonomy could prove helpful in studies on the quality of medical work, use of time and resources, and understanding of why, when and how patients are or are not involved in decisions.
Impact of high ambient temperature on unintentional injuries in high-income countries: a narrative systematic literature review
Authors: Otte im Kampe Eveline , Kovats Sari , Hajat Shakoor 
Published: February 2016

ObjectivesGiven the likelihood of increased hot weather due to climate change, it is crucial to have prevention measures in place to reduce the health burden of high temperatures and heat waves. The aim of this review is to summarise and evaluate the evidence on the effects of summertime weather on unintentional injuries in high-income countries.Design3 databases (Global Public Health, EMBASE and MEDLINE) were searched by using related keywords and their truncations in the title and abstract, and reference lists of key studies were scanned. Studies reporting heatstroke and intentional injuries were excluded.Results13 studies met our inclusion criteria. 11 out of 13 studies showed that the risk of unintentional injuries increases with increasing ambient temperatures. On days with moderate temperatures, the increased risk varied between 0.4% and 5.3% for each 1°C increase in ambient temperature. On extreme temperature days, the risk of injuries decreased. 2 out of 3 studies on occupational accidents found an increase in work-related accidents during high temperatures. For trauma hospital admissions, 6 studies reported an increase during hot weather, whereas 1 study found no association. The evidence for impacts on injuries by subgroups such as children, the elderly and drug users was limited and inconsistent.ConclusionsThe present review describes a broader range of types of unintentional fatal and non-fatal injuries (occupational, trauma hospital admissions, traffic, fire entrapments, poisoning and drug overdose) than has previously been reported. Our review confirms that hot weather can increase the risk of unintentional injuries and accidents in high-income countries. The results are useful for injury prevention strategies.