bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Graphene‐Based Nanomaterials are a Potent and Innovative Technology for the Treatment of Cancer: A Review
Authors: Muzammal Muhammad , Awan Mahnoor , Mukhtar Adeela , Mohsin Muhammad , Qamar Muhammad Azam 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCancer is prevailing around the world and so does its mortality rates. Conventionally used therapies have some adverse effects as they are not entirely accurate, leading researchers and investigators to explore new ways and materials. They are constantly looking into ways that can effectively cure this malicious disease and in this effort, they came across new smart materials labeled as nanoparticles (NPs). In between various sorts of nanoparticles, only graphene‐based nanomaterials (GBNMs) shine because of their particular chemical structure and properties. They have high drug loading capacity, can easily target specific tissues, and can be easily functionalized according to the stage and other factors for a patient. Several researches and trials have been executed on animal models to check the potency of these nanoparticles proving them revolutionary in the medical domain, especially for combating cancer. Through this review, we evaluate the experiments conducted by scientists in an effort to devise a platform based on graphene nanoparticles for curing cancer efficiently by using single or multiple therapeutic approaches.
Cu‐Doped 0D Bi2WO6 Nanoparticles for Efficient Visible‐Light‐Driven Photocatalytic Tetracycline Degradation
Authors: Wang Jianhua , Ma Fangpei , Yao Min , He Wenjing , Bi Yueyao , Shi Xiaoyuan , Liu Jiaxu , Wang Qian 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBismuth‐based photocatalysts have been widely employed in the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants in wastewater. However, the lack of rational structural design and the slow generation of active free radicals have hindered its efficiency. Here, we stabilized Bi2WO6 nanoparticles by wrapping them with hydroxyl groups, introduced metal Cu doping, and underwent an annealing process to construct Cu‐BiNP nanocatalysts with exposed active sites. Under visible light irradiation, 0.03Cu‐BiNP achieved a 94.5% TC degradation efficiency, which is 15.8 times higher than the rate of bulk BiWO. The 0D structure endows Cu‐BiNP with ample opportunities for O2 adsorption and activation, and Cu atomic doping reduces the bandgap and increases the oxygen vacancy, promoting the generation of active oxygen species. This work demonstrates the rapid charge separation and activation of O2 to generate active oxygen species by 0D bismuth‐based nanocatalysts in photocatalytic oxidation reactions, providing a scalable nanocatalyst platform for TC photocatalytic degradation.
Interactions of 3‐Acylisocoumarins with Ethane‐1,2‐diamines: A Simple Route to 3,4‐Dihydro‐6H‐pyrazino[1,2‐b]isoquinolin‐6‐ones and Their Hydrogenated Derivatives
Authors: Shablykin Oleh V. , Chumachenko Svitlana A. , Konovalenko Artem S. , Shablykina Olga V. , Shishkina Svitlana V. , Kozytskyi Andrii V. , Brovarets Volodymyr S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe recyclization of isocoumarins under the N‐nucleophile action is a well‐known route to different isoquinolones. But addition of functional groups in such substrates can provide more complicated nitrogen‐containing heterocycles. In this study, the easy formation of 3,4‐dihydro‐6H‐pyrazino[1,2‐b]isoquinolin‐6‐one system via the interaction of 3‐acylisocoumarins and ethane‐1,2‐diamines is demonstrated. As the acyl component of reaction, 3‐acetyl‐ and 3‐benzoylisocoumarins, 2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐benzo[c]chromene‐4,6‐dione, and heteroanalogs of 3‐acetylisocoumarin were successfully used; and the amino component was represented by ethane‐1,2‐diamine, some cyclic vicinal diamines, methyl 2,3‐diaminopropanoate, and N1‐methylethane‐1,2‐diamine. The variation of substrates gave different structures with 3,4‐dihydro‐6H‐pyrazino[1,2‐b]isoquinolin‐6‐one core; and the number of products can grow extremely because of this core's aptitude to reduction. Thus, 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐6H‐pyrazino[1,2‐b]isoquinolin‐6‐ones, 1,2,3,4,11,11a‐hexahydro‐6H‐pyrazino[1,2‐b]isoquinolin‐6‐ones and 1,3,4,6,11,11a‐hexahydro‐2H‐pyrazino[1,2‐b]isoquinolines were synthetized by using various reduction methods for separate 3,4‐dihydro‐6H‐pyrazino[1,2‐b]isoquinolin‐6‐ones.
BEOL‐Compatible 4F2 Oscillator Using Vertical InGaAs Biristor for Highly Scalable Monolithic 3D Ising Solver
Authors: Kim Joon Pyo , Kim Hyun Wook , Jeong Jaeyong , Park Juhyuk , Kuk Song‐Hyeon , Kim Jongmin , Woo Jiyong , Kim Sanghyeon 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIsing solvers are important for efficiently addressing non‐deterministic polynomial‐time (NP)‐hard combinatorial optimization problems (COPs), where scalability and compactness are crucial for practical applications. In this study, an experimental demonstration of an oscillator‐based Ising solver employing a highly scalable 4F2 InGaAs bi‐stable resistor (biristor) is presented. It is first explored the oscillation behavior of the InGaAs biristor, establishing that classical Ising spins can be emulated using the sub‐harmonic injection locking (SHIL) technique. Furthermore, capacitive and resistive coupling between two coupled InGaAs biristors is demonstrated, leading to out‐of‐phase and in‐phase coupling, respectively. Employing this foundational technology, it is experimentally achieved a solution to the MaxCUT problem with the InGaAs biristor‐based Ising solver, supplemented by simulation‐based behavior evaluations. This emerging device architecture offers a viable pathway to surmount the scaling limitations faced by present hardware‐based Ising solvers, representing a significant step forward in the development of efficient, scalable solutions for complex optimization challenges.
Boosting the Charge Storage Capability of Bi2TeO5 Cathode Using Iodide Ions in Aqueous Zinc‐Based Batteries System
Authors: Chen Liang , Cai Quan , Liu Yi , Xie Xuehui 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAs insertion‐type cathode materials of aqueous Zn‐based batteries (ABs), bismuth chalcogenides/oxychalcogenides exhibits relatively limited capacities in ZnSO4 baseline electrolyte. This work finds that Bi2TeO5 (BTO) cathode with pre‐added I− electrolyte additive can simultaneously achieve conversion and insertion chemistries, which enables aqueous BTO‐Zn batteries to deliver an extraordinary electrochemical performance. As shown in the experiment results, the BTO cathode showcases an ultrahigh specific capacity of 534.9 mA h g−1 at 0.5 A g−1, excellent rate capability (237.3 mA h g−1 at 10 A g−1). In the estimation of cyclic durability, the capacity of the BTO cathode decreases from 271.2 to 171.1 mA h g−1 during 2000 cycles at 10 A g−1.
Microstructural Evolution and High‐Temperature Tensile Properties of 15Cr‐Reduced Activation Ferritic Steel Processed by Hot Powder Forging of Mechanically Alloyed Powders
Authors: Pal Himanshu , Dabhade Vikram V. 
Published: October 2024

Reduced activation ferritic steels are being explored as possible cladding tube materials for nuclear reactors because of their low activation and excellent irradiation resistance. In the current investigation, reduced activation ferritic steel (Fe–15Cr–2W) is processed by mechanical alloying of elemental powders followed by hot powder forging. Mechanical alloying is carried out in a Simoloyer attritor mill (Zoz GmbH), after which the powders are placed in a mild steel can and forged at 1200 °C in H2 atmosphere. X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigation reveal that 10 h of mechanical alloying is required to achieve complete dissolution of Cr and W in the Fe matrix powder. The relative density and hardness distribution of the forged slab is evaluated in longitudinal as well as transverse direction to optimize the powder forging operation. Electron backscatter diffraction analysis showed dynamic recrystallization to take place during the course of hot powder forging. Tensile tests are performed at room temperature as well as at elevated temperatures (600 and 700 °C). The yield strength and ultimate tensile strength at room temperature as well as at elevated temperatures are found to be higher than those reported in literature for reduced activation ferritic steels consolidated by other techniques.
Treatment of Sarcoptic Mange in Wombats With Topical Moxidectin
Authors: Stannard Hayley J. , Wynan Marie B. , Wynan Ray J. , Cox Amanda , Ralph Howard , Doran Gregory S. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTSarcoptic mange is a debilitating disease affecting free‐living/wild bare‐nosed wombats (Vombatus ursinus). The disease causes thickening of the skin, pruritus, alopecia and deep fissures in the skin of infected animals, and ultimately death if left untreated. In Australia, there are approvals from the Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority to use moxidectin for treating sarcoptic mange in bare‐nosed wombats; however, few published literatures document the success of treatment regimens. Two adult male bare‐nosed wombats presented with dermatitis, erythema and crusting of the skin. Evaluation of skin scrapings confirmed the presence of live Sarcoptes scabiei. Both wombats were treated with three 100‐mL doses of moxidectin topically poured on to the dorsal backline approximately 7 days apart. Both animals showed improvement, with skin becoming clear of crusting and dermatitis, and no S. scabiei mites were present on either animal after 2 weeks. Here, we presented two clinical scenarios of sarcoptic mange in wombats that were successfully treated with three 100‐mL doses of moxidectin applied topically. We recommend this treatment be used where wombats can be identified and monitored throughout their recovery.
An investigation into the performance and perikinetics of Brassica nigra meal in the treatment of real vegetable oil refinery condensate effluent
Authors: Annamalaisamy Kavithakani , Kumaran Chithra 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this study, the treatment of vegetable oil refinery plant condensate effluent (VORCE) having high total suspended solids (TSS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) generated from acid oil unit was focused. The utilization of waste Brassica nigra meal (BNM) as protein flocculant in treating VORCE was explored. The B. nigra meal flocculant (BNMF) exhibited a crystalline nature, with the presence of amino and carboxyl functional groups, rendering it highly efficient (89.69% efficiency) in floc formation. Zeta potential and particle size (−5.6 mV and 240.68 nm, respectively) indicate BNMF's effectiveness in initiating floc formation. The interactive effects of pH, dosage, settling time on COD, and TSS removal were investigated using the Box–Behnken design. At an optimal pH of 6.9 and BNMF dosage of 0.77 g/L, a maximum removal of 85.38% COD and 72.56% TSS was obtained. The perikinetic theory for the coagulation–flocculation followed a second‐order rate reaction with high Kc (0.0001 L/mg min), low settling time (37.04 min), and high collision efficiency (2.703 × 1017), indicating the model's significance in achieving maximum COD and TSS removal. These findings highlight the potential use of BNMF in the treatment of VORCE, leading to circular economy by valorizing waste from mustard oil extraction and zero discharge.Practitioner points
Valorization of waste Brassica nigra meal (BNM) as a potent protein flocculant
Optimization for vegetable oil refinery condensate effluent (VORCE) treatment was done.
Interactive effects of the process parameters were analyzed using Design expert.
Perikinetic theory for VORCE treatment follows second‐order reaction rate with high Kc.
Is It Possible to Have Episodic Memories During Non-lucid Dreams?
Authors: Gregory Daniel 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is not to show that the answer to the question in the title is ‘no’, but to show that it is ‘probably not’, at least on one particular theory of memory. Assuming that an experience will only be an episodic memory if we are ‘disposed to take the relevant experience into account when judging about the past’ (Debus, Accounting for epistemic relevance: A new problem for the causal theory of memory. American Philosophical Quarterly, 47:17–29, 2010, p. 25), there are many obstacles to answering the question in the affirmative. If one holds that it is possible to have episodic memories during dreams, they will have to accept more implications than may be palatable. Specifically, they will have to believe, contra Sosa (A virtue epistemology: Apt belief and reflective knowledge (Vol. I). Clarendon Press, 2007), that we can actually make judgments during dreams and not just imagine doing so; that we retain a fairly high degree of rationality during dreams; and that there is a respectable sense in which we can refer to the past at all when we dream.
Perception in Dreams: A Guide for Dream Engineers, a Reflection on the Role of Memory in Sensory States, and a New Counterexample to Hume’s Account of the Imagination
Authors: Macpherson Fiona 
Published: October 2024

AbstractI argue that dreams can contain perceptual elements in multifarious, heretofore unthought-of ways. I also explain the difference between dreams that contain perceptual elements, perceptual experiences that contain dream elements, and having a dream and a perceptual experience simultaneously. I then discuss two applications of the resulting view. First, I explain how my taxonomy of perception in dreams will allow “dream engineers”—who try to alter the content of people’s dreams—to accurately classify different dreams and explore creating new forms of perception in dreams. Second, I consider the consequences of the view for the role of memory in dreaming and imagination. I argue that not every element of dreams or sensory imaginations must rely on memory. The resultant view of sensory imagination provides a counterexample to Hume’s account of sensory imagination, according to which sensory imagination must be built up from faint copies of sensory impressions stored in memory.
Governance
Authors: Fenech Benjamin , Riedel Natalie 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGovernance refers to those regulatory processes, mechanisms and organizations through which political actors influence environmental actions and outcomes. Governance processes, mechanisms and organizations relevant to sound and health can vary greatly between continents, countries and even regions. In this chapter we present some examples of governance directly relevant to sound and health, from the international to the national level. We then discuss a common shortcoming of current approaches, i.e. that social variations of environmental quality and health are rarely taken into account. We propose the behaviour change wheel as a tool to identify actions that different political actors can take to ensure more equitable outcomes.
Understanding the effect of occupational stress on sleep quality in firefighters: the modulating role of depression and burnout
Authors: Khoshakhlagh Amir Hossein , Sulaie Saleh Al , Cousins Rosanna , Yazdanirad Saeid , Laal Fereydoon 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Objectives
Sleep quality of firefighters can be negatively affected by occupational stressors. A cross-sectional investigation was conducted to understand how work-related stress, post-traumatic stress, burnout and depression collectively contribute to sleep quality.

Methods
Professional firefighters in Northern Iran completed a survey comprised of demographic information, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, HSE’s Stress Indicator Tool, the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist, Maslach’s Burnout Inventory, and the Beck Depression Inventory during a work rest break. Data were analysed using structural equation modelling.

Results
Mean age of the 2339 firefighters who completed the survey was 32.30 (5.74) years. Most experienced poor sleep quality, scoring above the established cut-off of 5. Levels of work-related stress, post-traumatic stress, burnout and depression were high. Fit indices of the final theoretical model were all adequate: the obtained and adjusted goodness-of-fit indices were 0.925 and 0.917 respectively. Comparative, and incremental fit indices were 0.946 and 0.948 respectively. Root mean squared error of approximation was 0.061. Post-traumatic stress was directly and indirectly related to sleep quality through eight paths, modulated by burnout variables and depression. Work-related stress was negatively related to sleep quality through four paths modulated, by burnout variables and depression.

Conclusions
The findings illustrate the complex relationships of work-related stress and post-traumatic stress and sleep quality. High levels of poor sleep quality in this occupation emphasise the need to develop targeted and sustainable interventions to manage occupational stressors, burnout and depression to improve sleep quality in firefighters.
Counterfactuals in fuzzy relational models
Authors: Al-Hmouz Rami , Pedrycz Witold , Ammari Ahmed 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGiven the pressing need for explainability in Machine Learning systems, the studies on counterfactual explanations have gained significant interest. This research delves into this timely problem cast in a unique context of relational systems described by fuzzy relational equations. We develop a comprehensive solution to the counterfactual problems encountered in this setting, which is a novel contribution to the field. An underlying optimization problem is formulated, and its gradient-based solution is constructed. We demonstrate that the non-uniqueness of the derived solution is conveniently formalized and quantified by admitting a result coming in the form of information granules of a higher type, namely type-2 or interval-valued fuzzy set. The construction of the solution in this format is realized by invoking the principle of justifiable granularity, another innovative aspect of our research. We also discuss ways of designing fuzzy relations and elaborate on methods of carrying out counterfactual explanations in rule-based models. Illustrative examples are included to present the performance of the method and interpret the obtained results.
Mountains host significantly more data deficient and threatened bat species than lowlands
Authors: Chakravarty Rohit , Radchuk Viktoriia , Suryawanshi Kulbhushansingh , Voigt Christian C. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMountains harbour one third of the world’s biodiversity and much of it is under increasing anthropogenic pressure. Yet, global assessments of the occurrence, and threat status of most mountain taxa, especially elusive ones are lacking, thereby hindering conservation and research prioritisation. In this study, we synthesise the distribution and conservation status of bats, a species rich taxon on mountains. By using data on geographical and elevational distribution ranges from the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), we examined bat species richness on mountains, species that predominantly occur in mountains (‘mountain dwelling species’), and those restricted to upper montane and alpine regions within mountains (‘highland dwelling species’). We also used published trait datasets to investigate the traits that are associated with mountain dwelling in bats. Globally, we identified 148 mountain dwelling and 46 highland dwelling bat species. Bat diversity is highest in the Northern Andes and Guiana Highlands. The mountain dwelling nature of bat species was found to be significantly associated with biogeographic realm. Importantly, our results show that mountain dwelling species are proportionately more data deficient than species that predominantly occur in lowlands. Additionally, highland dwelling species are proportionately more threatened than lowland species. Our results highlight a significant dearth of knowledge on mountain dwelling bat species. We conclude that more research is needed for bats specialised on mountain ecosystems. Our results draw attention towards improving the knowledge and protection of bat species that occur predominantly at high elevations across the world.
Intracranial EEG-Based Directed Functional Connectivity in Alpha to Gamma Frequency Range Reflects Local Circuits of the Human Mesiotemporal Network
Authors: Novitskaya Yulia , Schulze-Bonhage Andreas , David Olivier , Dümpelmann Matthias 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
To date, it is largely unknown how frequency range of neural oscillations measured with EEG is related to functional connectivity. To address this question, we investigated frequency-dependent directed functional connectivity among the structures of mesial and anterior temporal network including amygdala, hippocampus, temporal pole and parahippocampal gyrus in the living human brain. Intracranial EEG recording was obtained from 19 consecutive epilepsy patients with normal anterior mesial temporal MR imaging undergoing intracranial presurgical epilepsy diagnostics with multiple depth electrodes. We assessed intratemporal bidirectional functional connectivity using several causality measures such as Granger causality (GC), directed transfer function (DTF) and partial directed coherence (PDC) in a frequency-specific way. In order to verify the obtained results, we compared the spontaneous functional networks with intratemporal effective connectivity evaluated by means of SPES (single pulse electrical stimulation) method. The overlap with the evoked network was found for the functional connectivity assessed by the GC method, most prominent in the higher frequency bands (alpha, beta and low gamma), yet vanishing in the lower frequencies. Functional connectivity assessed by means of DTF and PCD obtained a similar directionality pattern with the exception of connectivity between hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus which showed opposite directionality of predominant information flow. Whereas previous connectivity studies reported significant divergence between spontaneous and evoked networks, our data show the role of frequency bands for the consistency of functional and evoked intratemporal directed connectivity. This has implications for the suitability of functional connectivity methods in characterizing local brain circuits.
Surprise in Science: A qualitative study
Authors: Ivanova Milena , Vaidyanathan Brandon 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA growing literature in philosophy of science focuses on the role of surprise in scientific practice. The aesthetic dimension of science is also gaining momentum in very recent discussions. While surprising results have been recognised as playing an important epistemic role in science, the literature so far has primarily focused on establishing the power of simulations and thought experiments as compared to experiments and the epistemic superiority of novel predictions over accommodations. In this paper we offer the first empirical analysis of the role of surprise as an aesthetic response, drawing from in-depth interviews with 215 scientists in four countries. We identify what roles scientists assign to surprising results, show that surprise is often experienced as an aesthetic response and identify properties, triggers, and outcomes of surprise in science.