bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behaviors and Management of the Dental Problems by the Residents of Madinah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Ahmad Mohammad Sami , Al-Harbi Khalid Mohammad 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTIntroductionDental problems are commonly encountered in our lives. Some of the common problems are toothache, bleeding gums and halitosis.ObjectivesHow the dental problems were handled, and reasons of not seeking dental treatment by the patients.Materials and methodsThis was an observational analytical cross-sectional study on adult's age above 14 years from Madinah.ResultsA total of 400 adults were included; 208 (52%) were males and 192 (48%) were females. Resident encountered toothache surprisingly only 49% sought dental treatment, while (41%) settled for taking medications. Among bleeding gum patients most of them (45%) went to the dentist, while (41%) settled for using the home care. And dealing with halitosis only (17%) went to the dentist. The most common reasons for not seeking dental treatment were fear and long appointments. And mostly they had fear because of dental drill and dental needle.ConclusionThe most common problems for seeking treatment were toothache followed by bleeding gums and the least was halitosis. Number of people who sought treatment was still a low number. The most common reason that stopped patients from going to the dentist was fear and long appointments. There should be increase of dental clinics and patients should be given dental education.How to cite this articleAhmad MS, Al-Harbi KM. Behaviors and Management of the Dental Problems by the Residents of Madinah, Saudi Arabia. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(10): 783-787.
Primary Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma involving the Mandible
Authors: Ahmad Zeeshan H , Anil Sukumaran , Aljabab Abdulsalam S , Motabi Ibraheem HM , Alrashed Abdullah 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT
Lymphomas of the oral cavity are rare and typically present as intraosseous lesions that are most commonly diffuse large B-cell type. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is an aggressive B-cell lymphoma histologically characterized by diffuse proliferation of large neoplastic B-lymphoid cells with a nuclear size equal to or exceeding normal histiocytic nuclei. A case of DLBCL of the mandible in an 18 years old male patient is presented. This report discusses this rare malignancy, including clinical presentation, histopathologic features, immunologic profile, treatment and prognosis. Though lymphoma of mandible is rare, it must be considered in differential diagnosis of swellings arising in the region.

How to cite this article
Alshahrani FAA, Aljabab AS, Motabi IHM, Alrashed A, Anil S. Primary Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma involving the Mandible. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(10):840-844.
Re-Thinking the Boundaries of the Focus Group: A Reflexive Analysis on the Use and Legitimacy of Group Methodologies in Qualitative Research
Authors: Caretta Martina Angela , Vacchelli Elena 
Published: November 2015

This article aims at problematizing the boundaries of what counts as focus group and in so doing it identifies some continuity between focus group and workshop, especially when it comes to arts informed and activity laden focus groups. The workshop [1] is often marginalized as a legitimate method for qualitative data collection outside PAR (Participatory Action Research)-based methodologies. Using examples from our research projects in East Africa and in London we argue that there are areas of overlap between these two methods, yet we tend to use concepts and definitions associated with focus groups because of the lack of visibility of workshops in qualitative research methods academic literature. The article argues that focus groups and workshops present a series of intertwined features resulting in a blending of the two which needs further exploration. In problematizing the boundaries of focus groups and recognizing the increasing usage of art-based and activity-based processes for the production of qualitative data during focus groups, we argue that focus groups and workshop are increasingly converging. We use a specifically feminist epistemology in order to critically unveil the myth around the non-hierarchical nature of consensus and group interaction during focus group discussions and other multi-vocal qualitative methods and contend that more methodological research should be carried out on the workshop as a legitimate qualitative data collection technique situated outside the cycle of action research.
Evolutionary Theory and Fernando Contreras Castro'sUnica Mirando al mar
Authors: Hoeg Jerry 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis article uses ideas taken from evolutionary psychology, empirical science, and moral philosophy to argue that narrative is an adaptation that controls both intrasocial and socio-environmental relations in human society. Specifically, moral disgust is used in the novel and the critical discourse surrounding it to regulate social and socio-environmental relations in Costa Rica.
The Differential Diagnosis of Sinonasal/Nasopharyngeal Neuroendocrine/Neuroectodermally Derived Tumors
Authors: Montone Kathleen T. 
Published: November 2015

ContextThe differential diagnosis of neuroendocrine neoplasms arising in the sinonasal tract is broad and includes lesions of epithelial, mesenchymal, and neuroectodermal origin.ObjectiveTo review the differential diagnosis of sinonasal neuroendocrine and neuroectodermally derived tumors.Data SourcesThe current literature was reviewed to provide updated information regarding the differential diagnosis and means for diagnosing neuroendocrine tumors including sinonasal neuroendocrine carcinoma, olfactory neuroblastoma, malignant melanoma, paraganglioma, pituitary adenoma, and Ewing family of tumors.ConclusionsThe differential diagnosis of neoplasms with neuroendocrine differentiation in the sinonasal tract is broad, and diagnosis often includes not only histologic review but also immunohistochemical or molecular analysis.
Diagnostic Discrepancies in Mandatory Slide Review of Extradepartmental Head and Neck Cases: Experience at a Large Academic Center
Authors: Mehrad Mitra , Chernock Rebecca D. , El-Mofty Samir K. , Lewis James S. 
Published: November 2015

ContextMedical error is a significant problem in the United States, and pathologic diagnoses are a significant source of errors. Prior studies have shown that second-opinion pathology review results in clinically major diagnosis changes in approximately 0.6% to 5.8% of patients. The few studies specifically on head and neck pathology have suggested rates of changed diagnoses that are even higher.ObjectivesTo evaluate the diagnostic discrepancy rates in patients referred to our institution, where all such cases are reviewed by a head and neck subspecialty service, and to identify specific areas with more susceptibility to errors.DesignFive hundred consecutive, scanned head and neck pathology reports from patients referred to our institution were compared for discrepancies between the outside and in-house diagnoses. Major discrepancies were defined as those resulting in a significant change in patient clinical management and/or prognosis.ResultsMajor discrepancies occurred in 20 cases (4% overall). Informative follow-up material was available on 11 of the 20 patients (55.0%), among whom, the second opinion was supported in 11 of 11 cases (100%). Dysplasia versus invasive squamous cell carcinoma was the most common (7 of 20; 35%) area of discrepancy, and by anatomic subsite, the sinonasal tract (4 of 21; 19.0%) had the highest rate of discrepant diagnoses. Of the major discrepant diagnoses, 12 (12 of 20; 60%) involved a change from benign to malignant, one a change from malignant to benign (1 of 20; 5%), and 6 involved tumor classification (6 of 20; 30%).ConclusionsHead and neck pathology is a relatively high-risk area, prone to erroneous diagnoses in a small fraction of patients. This study supports the importance of second-opinion review by subspecialized pathologists for the best care of patients.
Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy of Salivary Gland Lesions
Authors: Wang He , Fundakowski Christopher , Khurana Jasvir S. , Jhala Nirag 
Published: November 2015

ContextFine-needle aspiration (FNA) is a well-established diagnostic approach for salivary gland lesions; however, lack of a standard system of terminology for classification of salivary gland neoplasms collected by FNA and the relatively high frequency of uncertainty of diagnosis are likely partly responsible for current confusion in the interpretation of these FNA samples.ObjectiveTo propose a novel classification system for reporting salivary gland FNA samples and summarize recent progress in application of molecular and immunohistochemical markers in selected salivary gland neoplasms.Data SourcesLiterature review and authors' personal practice experience.ConclusionsThe new classification system provides a more succinct, standardized interpretation of results and will ultimately assist in communication between clinicians, clinical decision making, and preoperative patient counseling. Impressive advances have been made in recent years in the understanding of molecular pathogenesis of salivary gland tumors. With the newly acquired diagnostic tools, significant improvement in diagnostic accuracy of salivary gland FNA can certainly be expected.
Femoral Nerve Block vs Periarticular Bupivacaine Liposome Injection After Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: Effect on Patient Outcomes
Authors: Horn Brandon J. , Cien Adam , Reeves N. Peter , Pathak Pramod , Taunt Charles J. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract

Context: Patients receiving femoral nerve blocks for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) have been shown to have a high incidence of postoperative falls, which has been attributed to weakening of the quadriceps muscles. Local injection of analgesic medication that allows for full motor function of the quadriceps and, therefore, better progress through inpatient physical therapy and decreased hospital stay, has been suggested as an option for postoperative pain relief.

Objective: To compare the number of inpatient physical therapy sessions and hospital days needed in patients receiving periarticular injection of extended-release bupivacaine liposome vs femoral nerve block after TKA.

Methods: Data were retrospectively reviewed from the records of patients who underwent bilateral primary TKA, in which femoral nerve block was administered at the first operation and periarticular injection of an extended-release bupivacaine liposome mixture at the second operation. An average of 2.3 years had passed between the 2 procedures. The number of inpatient physical therapy sessions and hospital days needed were compared between both procedures for each patient.

Results: Sixteen patients (14 women) were included in the study, with a mean (SD) age of 63.8 (6.7) years. Compared with femoral nerve block, periarticular injection of analgesic medication resulted in fewer inpatient physical therapy sessions (femoral nerve block: mean [SD], 3.5 [1.3] sessions; periarticular injection: mean [SD], 2.3 [1.0] sessions; P=.002) and fewer hospital days (femoral nerve block: mean [SD], 1.9 [0.6] days; periarticular injection: mean [SD], 1.5 [0.6] days; P<.032).

Conclusion: Compared with femoral nerve block, periarticular injection of analgesia was found to quicken postoperative recovery in patients hospitalized for TKA. The use of periarticular injections in patients undergoing TKA could yield substantial cost savings given the high frequency of this procedure.
Tunable edge-mode-based mid-infrared plasmonically induced transparency in the coupling system of coplanar graphene ribbons
Authors: Li Hong-Ju , Wang Ling-Ling , Zhang Bing-Hua , Zhai Xiang 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The graphene ribbon waveguide with two short parallel, coupled coplanar strips is investigated. Because of the extreme destructive interference of the short strip resonators, an outstanding plasmonically induced transparency (PIT) window with a group time delay up to 0.28 ps is achieved in the mid-infrared region, with an excellent ultraslow-light feature. The PIT window is controlled by varying the coupling distance between resonators and is tuned dynamically by a small change in the chemical potential. Numerical results are confirmed using the coupled-mode theory (CMT). The planar structure will benefit the fabrication of plasmonic circuits for slow light and optical switching.
Effects of hole-transporting layers of perovskite-based solar cells
Authors: Suzuki Atsushi , Kida Tomoyasu , Takagi Tatsuru , Oku Takeo 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Fabrication and characterization of the photovoltaic and optical properties, and microstructure of perovskite-based solar cells with lead phthalocyanine (PbPc), zinc phthalocyanine, poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine], and copper(I) thiocyanate as hole-transporting layers were investigated. X-ray diffraction analysis and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used to identify surface morphologies of the crystal structure and the elemental composition. Introducing PbPc into perovskite solar cells extended the retaining period of photovoltaic activity and performance. The effects of the hole-transporting layer on incident photon-to-current efficiency were investigated. The energy diagram and photovoltaic mechanism of the perovskite solar cells with the hole-transporting layer are discussed.
Parental encouragement is positively associated with outdoor active play outside of school hours among 7–12 year olds
Authors: Ferrao Thomas , Janssen Ian 
Published: November 2015

Background.Physical activity is important for children’s physical, mental, and social well-being. Outdoor active play is an important yet unstudied domain of children’s physical activity. The objective of this study was to determine if parental encouragement is associated with the frequency that children engage in outdoor active play outside of school hours.Methods.Participants consisted of 514 children aged 7–12 years and one of their parents. Parents completed a survey that included four questions that assessed how frequently they used verbal cues to encourage their child to play outdoors. Points were assigned to each response and averaged across the 4 questions, and based on this average participants were assigned to quintiles. The survey included seven questions that asked parents to assess how frequently their child played outdoors outside of school hours. Points were assigned to each response and summed to create an active outdoor play frequency score. General linear models assessed associations between parental encouragement and outdoor play while controlling for individual, family, and neighborhood covariates.Results.The mean outdoor active play frequency score increased significantly across quintiles of the parental encouragement score as follows: 6.0 (standard error = 0.7) in quintile 1, 9.8 (0.6) in quintile 2, 11.4 (0.6) in quintile 3, 16.2 (0.9) in quintile 4, and 23.3 (1.3) in quintile 5. After adjusting for covariates, the mean outdoor active play frequency score was almost three times higher in the highest parental encouragement quintile than in the lowest quintile (20.4 vs. 7.8).Conclusions.Parents use of verbal cues to encourage their children to play outdoors was independently associated with outdoor active play among 7–12 year olds.
Synthesis of Supported Ultrafine Non‐noble Subnanometer‐Scale Metal Particles Derived from Metal–Organic Frameworks as Highly Efficient Heterogeneous Catalysts
Authors: Kang Xinchen , Liu Huizhen , Hou Minqiang , Sun Xiaofu , Han Hongling , Jiang Tao , Zhang Zhaofu , Han Buxing 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe properties of supported non‐noble metal particles with a size of less than 1 nm are unknown because their synthesis is a challenge. A strategy has now been created to immobilize ultrafine non‐noble metal particles on supports using metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as metal precursors. Ni/SiO2 and Co/SiO2 catalysts were synthesized with an average metal particle size of 0.9 nm. The metal nanoparticles were immobilized uniformly on the support with a metal loading of about 20 wt %. Interestingly, the ultrafine non‐noble metal particles exhibited very high activity for liquid‐phase hydrogenation of benzene to cyclohexane even at 80 °C, while Ni/SiO2 with larger Ni particles fabricated by a conventional method was not active under the same conditions.
Nanosized IrOx–Ir Catalyst with Relevant Activity for Anodes of Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolysis Produced by a Cost‐Effective Procedure
Authors: Lettenmeier Philipp , Wang Li , Golla‐Schindler Ute , Gazdzicki Pawel , Cañas Natalia A. , Handl Michael , Hiesgen Renate , Hosseiny Seyed S. , Gago Aldo S. , Friedrich Kaspar A. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWe have developed a highly active nanostructured iridium catalyst for anodes of proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolysis. Clusters of nanosized crystallites are obtained by reducing surfactant‐stabilized IrCl3 in water‐free conditions. The catalyst shows a five‐fold higher activity towards oxygen evolution reaction (OER) than commercial Ir‐black. The improved kinetics of the catalyst are reflected in the high performance of the PEM electrolyzer (1 mgIr cm−2), showing an unparalleled low overpotential and negligible degradation. Our results demonstrate that this enhancement cannot be only attributed to increased surface area, but rather to the ligand effect and low coordinate sites resulting in a high turnover frequency (TOF). The catalyst developed herein sets a benchmark and a strategy for the development of ultra‐low loading catalyst layers for PEM electrolysis.
Alternative procedure for the incorporation of quantum dots into poly(N‐isopropyl acrylamide‐co‐acrylic acid) microgels based on multiple interactions
Authors: Cai Yuting , Wu Xiaoqing , Liu Qinghao , Liu Hongyan 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTMonodisperse fluorescent poly(N‐isopropyl acrylamide‐co‐acrylic acid) microgels doped with quantum dots (QDs) were fabricated as follows. First, cysteamine‐capped cadmium telluride (CA–CdTe) QDs were introduced into the microgels at pH 7 by electrostatic interactions. Afterward, the CA–CdTe QDs were further immobilized in the microgels by the collapse of the polymer network when the pH of solution was adjusted to 4. In this system, there existed multiple interactions between the CA–CdTe QDs and the microgels, including hydrogen bonds, electrostatic interactions, and coordination bonds. The photoluminescence intensity and maximum emission wavelength of the resulting microgels could be easily adjusted by changes in the content of the CA–CdTe QDs in the hybrid microgels (HMs) and with differently sized QDs, respectively. We found that the lower the addition of CA–CdTe QDs was, the bigger the blueshift of the photoluminescence spectra of the HMs was and the weaker the photoluminescence intensity was. Finally, temperature‐responsive emission of the HMs was examined. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43227.
Improving the activity of Trichoderma reesei cel7B through stabilizing the transition state
Authors: Wang Yefei , Song Xiangfei , Zhang Shujun , Li Jingwen , Shu Zhiyu , He Chunyan , Huang Qingshan , Yao Lishan 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTTrichoderma reesei (Tr.) cellulases, which convert cellulose to reducing sugars, are a promising catalyst used in the lignocellulosic biofuel production. Improving Tr. cellulases activity, though very difficult, is highly desired due to the recalcitrance of lignocellulose. Meanwhile, it is preferable to enhance the cellulase's promiscuity so that substrates other than cellulose can also be hydrolyzed. In this work, an attempt is made to improve the catalytic activity of a major endogluanase Tr. Cel7B against xylan which crosslinks with cellulose in lignocellulose. By using quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, the transition state of the xylo‐oligosaccharide hydrolysis is identified. Then, mutations are introduced and their effect on the transition state stabilization is ranked based on the free energy calculations. Seven top ranked mutants are evaluated experimentally. Three mutants A208Q, A222D, and G230R show a higher activity than the wild‐type Tr. Cel7B in the hydrolysis of xylan (by up to 47%) as well as filter paper (by up to 50%). The combination of the single mutants can further improve the enzyme activity. Our work demonstrates that the free energy method is effective in engineering the Tr. Cel7B activity against xylan and cellulose, and thus may also be useful for improving the activity of other Tr. cellulases. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 1171–1177. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of three transposons for the generation of highly productive recombinant CHO cell pools and cell lines
Authors: Balasubramanian Sowmya , Rajendra Yashas , Baldi Lucia , Hacker David L. , Wurm Florian M. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTSeveral naturally occurring vertebrate transposable elements have been genetically modified to enable the transposition of recombinant genes in mammalian cells. We compared three transposons—piggyBac, Tol2, and Sleeping Beauty—for their ability to generate cell pools (polyclonal cultures of recombinant cells) and clonal cell lines for the large‐scale production of recombinant proteins using Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO‐DG44) as the host. Transfection with each of the dual‐vector transposon systems resulted in cell pools with volumetric yields of tumor necrosis factor receptor‐Fc fusion protein (TNFR:Fc) that were about ninefold higher than those from cell pools generated by conventional plasmid transfection. On average, the cell pools had 10–12 integrated copies of the transgene per cell. In the absence of selection, the volumetric productivity of the cell pools decreased by 50% over a 2‐month cultivation period and then remained constant. The average volumetric TNFR:Fc productivity of clonal cell lines recovered from cell pools was about 25 times higher than that of cell lines generated by conventional transfection. In 14‐day fed‐batch cultures, TNFR:Fc levels up to 900 mg/L were obtained from polyclonal cell pools and up to 1.5 g/L from clonal cell lines using any of the three transposons. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 1234–1243. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Engineering Cel7A carbohydrate binding module and linker for reduced lignin inhibition
Authors: Strobel Kathryn L. , Pfeiffer Katherine A. , Blanch Harvey W. , Clark Douglas S. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTNon‐productive binding of cellulases to lignin inhibits enzymatic hydrolysis of biomass, increasing enzyme requirements and the cost of biofuels. This study used site‐directed mutagenesis of the Trichoderma Cel7A carbohydrate binding module (CBM) and linker to investigate the mechanisms of adsorption to lignin and engineer a cellulase with increased binding specificity for cellulose. CBM mutations that added hydrophobic or positively charged residues decreased the specificity for cellulose, while mutations that added negatively charged residues increased the specificity. Linker mutations that altered predicted glycosylation patterns selectively impacted lignin affinity. Beneficial mutations were combined to generate a mutant with 2.5‐fold less lignin affinity while fully retaining cellulose affinity. This mutant was uninhibited by added lignin during hydrolysis of Avicel and generated 40% more glucose than the wild‐type enzyme from dilute acid‐pretreated Miscanthus. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 1369–1374. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.