bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prelabor screening for intrapartum fetal compromise in low‐risk pregnancies at term: cerebroplacental ratio and placental growth factor
Authors: Bligh L. N. , Alsolai A. A. , Greer R. M. , Kumar S. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo determine the screening performance of low fetal cerebroplacental ratio (CPR), a marker of fetal adaptation to suboptimal growth, and maternal placental growth factor (PlGF) level, both in isolation and in combination, for the prediction of Cesarean section (CS) for intrapartum fetal compromise (IFC) and composite adverse neonatal outcome (CANO).MethodsThis was a prospective cohort study in low‐risk women with uncomplicated singleton pregnancy from 36 weeks' gestation to delivery. CPR and PlGF were assessed fortnightly and intrapartum and neonatal outcomes were recorded. CPR and PlGF values from the final assessment for each woman were corrected for gestational age and assessed for screening performance, firstly as continuous variables and then as binary predictors.ResultsOf the 264 women who consented to participate in the study, 207 were included in the final analysis. Seven pregnancies required CS for IFC and 38 had CANO. Pregnancies delivered by CS for IFC had lower CPR and PlGF centiles than those in all other pregnancies. Pregnancies with CANO had a lower PlGF centile. The greatest areas under the receiver–operating characteristics curves (AUCs) for the prediction of CS for IFC (0.92; 95% CI, 0.86–0.97) and CANO (0.64; 95% CI, 0.54–0.74) were achieved by a combination of CPR 20th and PlGF 33rd centile thresholds. This produced sensitivities, specificities and positive likelihood ratios for the prediction of CS for IFC of 100%, 86% and 7.14, respectively, and 34.2%, 87.0% and 2.63, respectively, for the prediction of CANO. There was no statistical difference in the AUC for CS for IFC between the combined model and when CPR was used alone, or for CANO between the combined model and CPR or PlGF in isolation.ConclusionsThis pilot proof‐of‐concept study describes the screening performance of CPR and maternal PlGF level for CS for IFC in low‐risk women from 36 weeks' gestation. It was found that CPR and maternal PlGF improved the overall predictive utility for CS for IFC, as well as that for CANO. However, given the lack of significant difference between the combined model and its individual components, it is debatable whether the combined model is a superior screening test. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Strontium isotopes are consistent with low‐elevation foraging limits for Henst's goshawk
Authors: Crowley Brooke E. , Slater Philip A. , Arrigo‐Nelson Summer J. , Baden Andrea L. , Karpanty Sarah M. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTApex predators play critical roles in the ecosystems they inhabit. Unfortunately, little is known about movement patterns for many species. This information is critical for evaluating vulnerability to habitat loss and the adequacy of existing or proposed protected areas. Strontium isotope ratios (87Sr/86Sr) in prey remains reflect the geology where individuals lived and were killed, and can be used to identify foraging ranges for predators. We tested the degree to which 87Sr/86Sr in consumed lemurs (Lemuroidea) can be used to track foraging ranges for Henst's goshawk (Accipiter henstii) at Ranomafana National Park (RNP), eastern Madagascar, Africa. This large‐bodied endemic accipiter is sparsely distributed and rarely observed outside of forest or at elevations >1,200 m. A geologic boundary divides lower and higher elevations at RNP: Precambrian migmatite is at lower elevations within and to the east of RNP and Precambrian metasediments are limited to higher elevations in southwestern RNP. We collected foliage from trees and understory plants to establish 87Sr/86Sr for both geologies, and remains from 19 depredated lemurs from 4 hawk nests located along the eastern edge of RNP. Leaves from metasediments have greater 87Sr/86Sr than leaves from migmatite. 87Sr/86Sr for lemur bones suggests that 18 of the 19 predated individuals came from forests underlain by migmatite. Thus, strontium isotope data suggest that Henst's goshawk primarily hunted on migmatite at RNP, which supports a growing body of evidence that this species forages at elevations below approximately 1,200 m. Most reserves in eastern Madagascar protect forest at higher elevations. Conserving remaining forest and revegetating denuded land at lower elevations will likely be critical for survival of this species. Understanding mobility patterns is crucial for managing predator populations. Isotopic analysis of prey is a noninvasive method for monitoring foraging ranges that complements existing approaches. This geochemical tool is readily adaptable to other systems and species. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
The aged rhesus macaque manifests Braak stage III/IV Alzheimer's‐like pathology
Authors: Paspalas Constantinos D. , Carlyle Becky C. , Leslie Shannon , Preuss Todd M. , Crimins Johanna L. , Huttner Anita J. , van Dyck Christopher H. , Rosene Douglas L. , Nairn Angus C. , Arnsten Amy F.T. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIntroductionAn animal model of late‐onset Alzheimer's disease is needed to research what causes degeneration in the absence of dominant genetic insults and why the association cortex is particularly vulnerable to degeneration.MethodsWe studied the progression of tau and amyloid cortical pathology in the aging rhesus macaque using immunoelectron microscopy and biochemical assays.ResultsAging macaques exhibited the same qualitative pattern and sequence of tau and amyloid cortical pathology as humans, reaching Braak stage III/IV. Pathology began in the young‐adult entorhinal cortex with protein kinase A‐phosphorylation of tau, progressing to fibrillation with paired helical filaments and mature tangles in oldest animals. Tau pathology in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex paralleled but lagged behind the entorhinal cortex, not afflicting the primary visual cortex.DiscussionThe aging rhesus macaque provides the long‐sought animal model for exploring the etiology of late‐onset Alzheimer's disease and for testing preventive strategies.
Ocean access beneath the southwest tributary of Pine Island Glacier, West Antarctica
Authors: Schroeder Dustin M. , Hilger Andrew M. , Paden John D. , Young Duncan A. , Corr Hugh F. J. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTThe catchments of Pine Island Glacier and Thwaites Glacier in the Amundsen Sea Embayment are two of the largest, most rapidly changing, and potentially unstable sectors of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. They are also neighboring outlets, separated by the topographically unconfined eastern shear margin of Thwaites Glacier and the southwest tributary of Pine Island Glacier. This tributary begins just downstream of the eastern shear margin and flows into the Pine Island ice shelf. As a result, it is a potential locus of interaction between the two glaciers and could result in cross-catchment feedback during the retreat of either. Here, we analyze relative basal reflectivity profiles from three radar sounding survey lines collected using the UTIG HiCARS radar system in 2004 and CReSIS MCoRDS radar system in 2012 and 2014 to investigate the extent and character of ocean access beneath the southwest tributary. These profiles provide evidence of ocean access ~12 km inland of the 1992–2011 InSAR-derived grounding line by 2014, suggesting either retreat since 2011 or the intrusion of ocean water kilometers inland of the grounding line.
Evidence for Cholinergic Dysfunction in Autosomal Dominant Kufs Disease
Authors: Jarrett Pamela , Easton Alexander , Rockwood Kenneth , Dyack Sarah , McCollum Alexander , Siu Victoria , Mirsattari Seyed M. , Massot-Tarrús Andreu , Beis M. Jill , D’Souza Nolan , Darvesh Sultan 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjective: Neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinoses are a heterogeneous group of inherited disorders in which abnormal lipopigments form lysosomal inclusion bodies in neurons. Kufs disease is rare, and clinical symptoms include seizures, progressive cognitive impairment, and myoclonus. Most cases of Kufs disease are autosomal recessive; however, there have been a few case reports of an autosomal dominant form linked to mutations within the DNAJC5 gene. Methods: We describe a family with Kufs disease in which the proband and three of her four children presented with cognitive impairment, seizures, and myoclonus. Results: Genetic testing of all four children was positive for a c.346_348delCTC(p.L116del) mutation in the DNAJC5 gene. The proband brain had an abundance of neuronal lipofuscin in the cerebral cortex, striatum, amygdala, hippocampus, substantia nigra, and cerebellum. There were no amyloid plaques or neurofibrillary tangles. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the cholinergic neurons and cholinergic projection fibers were spared, but there was a profound loss of choline acetyltransferase within the caudate, putamen, and basal forebrain. This suggests a loss of choline acetyltransferase as opposed to a loss of the neurons. Conclusions: This report describes the clinical history of autosomal dominant Kufs disease, the genetic mutation within the DNAJC5 gene, and the neuropathological findings demonstrating depletion of choline acetyltransferase in the brain.
Wilder Penfield, Sir Arthur Currie, and the Montreal Neurological Institute
Authors: Sadler R. Mark 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWilder Penfield and the Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) are inextricably linked. It was Penfield’s unique idea to create a building with an academic atmosphere wherein basic neuroscience and clinical care of neurological patients would benefit from interaction and mutual support. It is clear that without Penfield that there would be no MNI; however, the role of another Canadian icon, Sir Arthur Currie, in the development of the MNI has heretofore been barely mentioned. The thesis of this paper is that Currie had a critical role in the gestation of the MNI that has generally been ignored.
Mental health service user experiences of targeted violence and hostility and help-seeking in the UK: a scoping review
Authors: Carr Sarah , Holley Jessica , Hafford-Letchfield Trish , Faulkner Alison , Gould Dorothy , Khisa Christine , Megele Claudia 
Published: December 2017

Background.The aim of this research scoping review was to assemble an evidence base for the UK on mental health service user experiences and perspectives on mental health-related targeted violence and hostility (‘disability hate crime’). It also aims to address some of the gaps in the knowledge on risk management, help-seeking and prevention from the perspectives of those who experienced targeted violence and hostility because of their mental health problems or psychiatric status.Methods.Seven key mental health and social care bibliographic databases were searched for relevant UK research studies from 1990 until 2016. Grey literature was identified through online searches. A scoping review charting approach and thematic analysis methodology were used to analyse the studies.Results.In total 13 studies were finally included, over half of which used survey methods. All studies included people with experiences of mental health problems. The studies provide information on: the types of potential hate crime; indicate where incidents take place; give some insight into the victims’ relationship with the perpetrators; the location of incidents as well as the psychological, social, financial and physical impacts on the victim; the types of help-seeking behaviours adopted by the victims; a range coping strategies that people with mental health problems adopted in response to experiences of targeted violence or abuse.Conclusion.This scoping review provides a UK-based overview of mental health service user concepts and experiences of mental health-related targeted violence and hostility (‘disability hate crime’). It reveals some specific issues relating to mental health and disability hate crime. Further investigation into disability hate crime with a specific focus on mental health is required. This is a UK-based overview, which offers a useful comparator for researchers, practitioners and policy-makers internationally.
Personalized Intervention Program: Tobacco Treatment for Patients at Risk for Lung Cancer
Authors: Bold Krysten W. , Toll Benjamin A. , Cartmel Brenda , Ford Bennie B. , Rojewski Alana M. , Gueorguieva Ralitza , O'Malley Stephanie S. , Fucito Lisa M. 
Published: December 2017

Background:Lung cancer screening and tobacco treatment for patients at high-risk for lung cancer may greatly reduce mortality from smoking, and there is an urgent need to improve smoking cessation therapies for this population.Aims:The purpose of this study is to test the efficacy of two separate, sequential interventions to promote tobacco cessation/reduction compared to standard care in smokers considered high-risk for lung cancer.Methods:The study will recruit 276 current smokers attending a lung cancer screening clinic or considered high-risk for lung cancer based on age and smoking history across two sites. Patients first will be randomized to either standard tobacco treatment (8 weeks of nicotine patch and five individual counselling sessions) or standard tobacco treatment plus personalized gain-framed messaging. At the 8-week visit, all patients will be re-randomized to receive biomarker feedback or no biomarker feedback. Repeated assessments during treatment will be used to evaluate changes in novel biomarkers: skin carotenoids, lung function, and plasma bilirubin that will be used for biomarker feedback. We hypothesize that personalized gain-framed messages and receiving biomarker feedback related to tobacco cessation/reduction will improve quit rates and prevent relapse compared to standard care. Primary outcomes include 7-day point-prevalence abstinence verified with expired carbon monoxide at 8 weeks and mean cigarettes per day in the past week at 6 months.Conclusions:Study findings will inform the development of novel interventions for patients at risk for lung cancer to improve smoking cessation rates.
Late Holocene Marine Radiocarbon Reservoir Correction for the Southern and Eastern Coasts of South Africa
Authors: Maboya Matjie L , Meadows Michael E , Reimer Paula J , Backeberg Björn C , Haberzettl Torsten 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe marine reservoir effect is the difference in radiocarbon (14C) between the atmosphere and the marine surface ocean. To overcome the dating errors induced, it is necessary to correct marine 14C ages for this effect. ΔR is the difference between the marine 14C age and the marine calibration curve based on an ocean-atmosphere box diffusion model, which accounts for the time delay in diffusion of carbon into the ocean from the atmosphere and biosphere. This global assessment, however, requires computation of a regional ∆R value for calibration to cater for studies based on a local scale. In this paper the marine reservoir effect is assessed for the southern and eastern coasts of South Africa using 14C dating on pre-1950 marine shells of known age. The resultant ∆R values enable a more complete understanding of the marine reservoir effect along the southern and eastern coastal zone of South Africa. 14C age determinations were conducted on 15 shell samples of known age and the results, combined with previously published values, were used to calculate regional marine reservoir correction values. The east coast has a weighted mean ∆R of 121±16 14C yr, while the south coast has a weighted mean ∆R of 187±18 14C yr.
Assessment of the current distribution and human perceptions of the Pampas cat Leopardus colocolo in northern Peru and southern Ecuador
Authors: García-Olaechea Alvaro , Hurtado Cindy M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe Pampas cat Leopardus colocolo occurs in a variety of habitats from northern Ecuador to southern Argentina, yet the species has been poorly studied. There is scant information about its northern distribution or about populations in desert and dry forest. We aimed to determine the presence of the Pampas cat in the Sechura Desert and seasonally dry forest of north-western Peru and south-western Ecuador, identify threats to the species, and describe people's perceptions of it. Using 32 camera traps and compiling confirmed and unpublished records, we mapped the species’ distribution and identified 12 new localities, three in the Sechura Desert and nine in the dry forest. The first records of the Pampas cat in the Ecuadorian dry forest are reported from La Ceiba Natural Reserve and Jorupe Reserve; the northernmost record in the dry forest is from Cerros de Amotape National Park, Peru. In 56 semi-structured interviews with local people we found that most of them (76.8%) did not know the species; 61.5% of those who knew the species had a neutral perception and did not think the cat affected their personal activities. Here we update the northern distribution of the Pampas cat, describe threats to the species in arid ecosystems, and highlight the need for further studies to identify other possible threats and mitigation methods.
Using a qualitative model to explore the impacts of ecosystem and anthropogenic drivers upon declining marine survival in Pacific salmon
Authors: SOBOCINSKI KATHRYN L. , GREENE CORREIGH M. , SCHMIDT MICHAEL W. 
Published: December 2017

SUMMARYCoho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Puget Sound and the Strait of Georgia have exhibited declines in marine survival over the last 40 years. While the cause of these declines is unknown, multiple factors, acting cumulatively or synergistically, have likely contributed. To evaluate the potential contribution of a broad suite of drivers on salmon survival, we used qualitative network modelling (QNM). QNM is a conceptually based tool that uses networks with specified relationships between the variables. In a simulation framework, linkages are weighted and then the models are subjected to user-specified perturbations. Our network had 33 variables, including: environmental and oceanographic drivers (e.g., temperature and precipitation), primary production variables, food web components from zooplankton to predators and anthropogenic impacts (e.g., habitat loss and hatcheries). We included salmon traits (survival, abundance, residence time, fitness and size) as response variables. We invoked perturbations to each node and to suites of drivers and evaluated the responses of these variables. The model showed that anthropogenic impacts resulted in the strongest negative responses in salmon survival and abundance. Additionally, feedbacks through the food web were strong, beginning with primary production, suggesting that several food web variables may be important in mediating effects on salmon survival within the system. With this model, we were able to compare the relative influence of multiple drivers on salmon survival.
Using structural equation modelling to assess factors influencing children’s growth and nutrition in rural China
Authors: Cheng Zixi , Shi Ling , Li Ying , Wang Yan , Zhang Jingxu 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectiveChildren’s poor growth and nutrition status has serious consequences and therefore it is important to understand its contributing factors.DesignA community-based interventional study focusing on child feeding was conducted in a rural community in China. Data from the intervention group at baseline (1–4 months of age) and follow-up visits (12 and 18 months of age) were used in the present study (n 236). A structural equation model was generated to explore the effects of family wealth, household food safety, dietary intake, diseases and other factors on the growth and nutrition of young children.ResultsMother’s knowledge and behaviours on household food safety had positive effects on children’s weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ; βdirect=0·03 and 0·15, respectively, at 12 months of age; βdirect=0·02 and 0·08, respectively, at 18 months; P<0·05) and weight-for-length Z-score (WLZ; βdirect=0·04 and 0·21, respectively, at 12 months of age; βdirect=0·01 and 0·06, respectively, at 18 months; P<0·05). While mothers’ feeding behaviours and children’s dietary intake at 12 months of age were positively associated with WAZ and/or WLZ at current and later ages, children’s diseases were negatively associated with WAZ and WLZ cross-sectionally.ConclusionsCaregiver’s knowledge and feeding behaviours, and children’s dietary intake and diseases, are factors influencing the WAZ and WLZ of children. Promoting feeding and health knowledge and behaviours at early stages of childhood can improve children’s physical growth at later ages.
A Simple Preparation Method for Full-Range Electron Tomography of Nanoparticles and Fine Powders
Authors: Padgett Elliot , Hovden Robert , DaSilva Jessica C. , Levin Barnaby D. A. , Grazul John L. , Hanrath Tobias , Muller David A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractElectron tomography has become a valuable and widely used tool for studying the three-dimensional nanostructure of materials and biological specimens. However, the incomplete tilt range provided by conventional sample holders limits the fidelity and quantitative interpretability of tomographic images by leaving a “missing wedge” of unknown information in Fourier space. Imaging over a complete range of angles eliminates missing wedge artifacts and dramatically improves tomogram quality. Full-range tomography is usually accomplished using needle-shaped samples milled from bulk material with focused ion beams, but versatile specimen preparation methods for nanoparticles and other fine powders are lacking. In this work, we present a new preparation technique in which powder specimens are supported on carbon nanofibers that extend beyond the end of a tungsten needle. Using this approach, we produced tomograms of platinum fuel cell catalysts and gold-decorated strontium titanate photocatalyst specimens. Without the missing wedge, these tomograms are free from elongation artifacts, supporting straightforward automatic segmentation and quantitative analysis of key materials properties such as void size and connectivity, and surface area and curvature. This approach may be generalized to other samples that can be dispersed in liquids, such as biological structures, creating new opportunities for high-quality electron tomography across disciplines.
Magnetic resonance imaging in radiotherapy treatment target volumes definition for brain tumours: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Abubakar Auwal , Bojude Adamu D. , Usman Aminu U. , Garba Idris , Obotiba Abasiama D. , Barde Mustapha , Miftaudeen Mutiat N. , Abubakar Umar 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study is to establish clinical evidence regarding the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in target volume definition for radiotherapy treatment planning of brain tumours.MethodsPrimary studies were systematically retrieved from six electronic databases and other sources. Studies included were only those that quantitatively compared computed tomography (CT) and MRI in target volume definition for radiotherapy of brain tumours. Study characteristics and quality were assessed and the data were extracted from eligible studies. Effect estimates for each study was computed as mean percentage difference based on individual patient data where available. The included studies were then combined in meta-analysis using Review Manager (RevMan) software version 5.0.ResultFive studies with a total number of 72 patients were included in this review. The quality of the studies was rated strong. The percentages mean differences of the studies were 7·47, 11·36, 30·70, 41·69 and −24·6% using CT as the baseline. The result of statistical analysis showed small-to-moderate heterogeneity; τ2=36·8; χ2=6·23; df=4 (p=0·18); I2=36%. The overall effect estimate was −1·85 [95% confidence interval (CI); −7·24, 10·94], Z=0·40 (p=0·069>0·5).ConclusionBrain tumour volumes measured using MRI-based method for radiotherapy treatment planning were larger compared with CT defined volumes but the difference lacks statistical significance.