bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics and safety of paclitaxel delivery into porcine airway walls by a new endobronchial drug delivery catheter
Authors: Tsukada Hisashi , Entcheva‐Dimitrov Plamena , Ernst Armin , Rafeq Samaan , Keating John H. , Seward Kirk P. , Yarmus Lonny 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveIntratumoral administration of chemotherapeutic agents is a treatment modality that has proven efficacious in reducing the recurrence of tumours and increases specificity of treatment while minimizing systemic side effects. Direct intratumoral injection of malignant airway obstruction has potential therapeutic benefits but tissue drug concentrations and side‐effect profiles are poorly understood.MethodsBronchial wall injection of generic paclitaxel (PTX) (102 injections of 0.05, 0.5, 1.5 or 2.5 mg/mL in 10 healthy pigs), saline (14 injections in 2 healthy pigs) or Abraxane (ABX) (24 injections of 0.5 mg/mL in 4 healthy pigs) was performed with a microneedle infusion catheter. Local histopathology, plasma and tissue PTX concentrations were evaluated at 7, 20 or 28 days post‐injection.ResultsInjection of generic PTX directly into the bronchial wall at doses up to 1.5 mg/mL only caused minimal tissue injury. Dose‐limiting tissue reaction was observed at 2.5 mg/mL. Plasma PTX was detectable for up to 5 days but not at 28 days, with area under the curve (AUC)(0‐5d) 20‐ to 50‐fold lower than the AUC(0‐∞) of 6300 ng h/mL for the approved intravenous dose. At 7 and 28 days post‐injection, bronchial PTX tissue concentrations were above a 10‐nmol/L cancer therapeutic level. PTX was not found in peripheral tissues. Similar results were observed between ABX and generic PTX.ConclusionResults of these studies confirm the administration of PTX directly into the bronchial wall is safe and feasible. PTX was detectable in plasma for <7 days but tissue concentrations remained therapeutic throughout the follow‐up period.
The Reliability of Individualized Load–Velocity Profiles
Authors: Banyard Harry G. , Nosaka Kazunori , Vernon Alex D. , Haff G. Gregory 
Published: November 2017

Purpose: To examine the reliability of peak velocity (PV), mean propulsive velocity (MPV), and mean velocity (MV) in the development of load–velocity profiles (LVP) in the full-depth free-weight back squat performed with maximal concentric effort. Methods: Eighteen resistance-trained men performed a baseline 1-repetition maximum (1-RM) back-squat trial and 3 subsequent 1-RM trials used for reliability analyses, with 48-h intervals between trials. 1-RM trials comprised lifts from 6 relative loads including 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 90%, and 100% 1-RM. Individualized LVPs for PV, MPV, or MV were derived from loads that were highly reliable based on the following criteria: intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) >.70, coefficient of variation (CV) ≤10%, and Cohen d effect size (ES) <0.60. Results: PV was highly reliable at all 6 loads. MPV and MV were highly reliable at 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 90% but not 100% 1-RM (MPV: ICC = .66, CV = 18.0%, ES = 0.10, SEM = 0.04 m·s−1; MV: ICC = .55, CV = 19.4%, ES = 0.08, SEM = 0.04 m·s−1). When considering the reliable ranges, almost perfect correlations were observed for LVPs derived from PV20–100% (r = .91–.93), MPV20–90% (r = .92–.94), and MV20–90% (r = .94–.95). Furthermore, the LVPs were not significantly different (P > .05) between trials or movement velocities or between linear regression versus 2nd-order polynomial fits. Conclusions: PV20–100%, MPV20–90%, and MV20–90% are reliable and can be utilized to develop LVPs using linear regression. Conceptually, LVPs can be used to monitor changes in movement velocity and employed as a method for adjusting sessional training loads according to daily readiness.
Conflating Time and Energy: Views From Older Adults in Lower Socioeconomic Status Areas on Physical Activity
Authors: Devereux-Fitzgerald Angela , Powell Rachael , French David P. 
Published: November 2017

Perceptions of time and energy and their role in physical activity engagement were examined in older adults living in lower socioeconomic status areas. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 19 participants aged 67–94 years. A thematic framework analysis identified four themes: Time is Energy (older adults conflate time and energy in relation to physical activity), Reduced Day (engaging in activities outside a certain time frame is deemed unacceptable), Being Given Enough Time (need for time to socialize and go at own pace), and Seasonal Impact (seasonal differences affecting access). Enjoyment appears to mitigate the perceived energy drain and increase the capacity for physical activities for many. Conflation of time and energy may explain observed discrepancies between older adults’ actual and perceived available time. Having locally based physical activities means less time/energy is required to attend, leaving more resources for physical activity itself. A limited availability of resources in lower socioeconomic status areas is therefore problematic.
Acute Effect of 2 Self-Myofascial Release Protocols on Hip and Ankle Range of Motion
Authors: de Souza Amandda , Sanchotene Cristiano Gomes , Lopes Cristiano Moreira da Silva , Beck Jader Alfredo , da Silva Affonso Celso Kulevicz , Pereira Suzana Matheus , Ruschel Caroline 
Published: November 2017

Context: Self-myofascial release (SMR) is an intervention popularly used by rehabilitation, fitness, and sports professionals to improve recovery and performance. In SMR, the athlete/patient applies pressure to the muscle and fascia using various tools, such as balls, rods, foam rolls, and massagers. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the acute effect of 2 SMR protocols (short term and long term) of the posterior thigh and calf muscles on hip and ankle range of motion (ROM) in physically active men. Participants: A total of 14 adult males (24.9 [3.2] y, 77.2 [13.2] kg, and 1.75 [0.06] m) who exercise regularly (at least twice a week, 45 min per session) participated in this study. Interventions: Participants performed a short-term SMR protocol (2 × 10 repetitions, SSMR) and a long-term SMR protocol (2 × 20 repetitions, LSMR) of the posterior thigh (using a foam roller) and calf (using a massage stick) muscles in counterbalanced order, on 2 different days with a 48-hour interval. Main Outcome Measures: Ankle dorsiflexion and hip-flexion ROM, evaluated at 5 moments: pre- and post-SSMR, pre- and post-LSMR, and in the control condition, which was always performed at the first visit. Results: The SMR promoted significant gains for both dorsiflexion (F1,13 =202.67, P < .001, ) and hip flexion (F1,13 = 66.46, P < .001, ), regardless of the protocol and limb analyzed. The average increase for both limbs corresponded, approximately, to 11% for ankle dorsiflexion and to 6% for and in hip flexion. Conclusions: The results suggest that SMR of the posterior thigh and calf muscles acutely increases the ROM of both hip flexion and ankle dorsiflexion and that duplicating the SMR volume from 10 to 20 repetitions per set seems not to promote additional gains.
Intratester Reliability and Construct Validity of a Hip Abductor Eccentric Strength Test
Authors: Brindle Richard A. , Ebaugh David , Milner Clare E. 
Published: November 2017

Context: Side-lying hip abductor strength tests are commonly used to evaluate muscle strength. In a “break” test, the tester applies sufficient force to lower the limb to the table while the patient resists. The peak force is postulated to occur while the leg is lowering, thus representing the participant’s eccentric muscle strength. However, it is unclear whether peak force occurs before or after the leg begins to lower. Objectives: To determine intrarater reliability and construct validity of a hip abductor eccentric strength test. Design: Intrarater reliability and construct validity study. Participants: Twenty healthy adults (26 [6] y; 1.66 [0.06] m; 62.2 [8.0] kg) made 2 visits to the laboratory at least 1 week apart. Main Outcome Measures: During the hip abductor eccentric strength test, a handheld dynamometer recorded peak force and time to peak force, and limb position was recorded via a motion capture system. Intrarater reliability was determined using intraclass correlation, SEM, and minimal detectable difference. Construct validity was assessed by determining if peak force occurred after the start of the lowering phase using a 1-sample t test. Results: The hip abductor eccentric strength test had substantial intrarater reliability (intraclass correlation(3,3) = .88; 95% confidence interval, .65–.95), SEM of 0.9 %BWh, and a minimal detectable difference of 2.5 %BWh. Construct validity was established as peak force occurred 2.1 (0.6) seconds (range: 0.7–3.7 s) after the start of the lowering phase of the test (P ≤ .001). Conclusion: The hip abductor eccentric strength test is a valid and reliable measure of eccentric muscle strength. This test may be used clinically to assess changes in eccentric muscle strength over time.
Relationship Between Physical Activity and Clinical Outcomes After ACL Reconstruction
Authors: Kuenze Christopher , Cadmus-Bertram Lisa , Pfieffer Karin , Trigsted Stephanie , Cook Dane , Lisee Caroline , Bell David 
Published: November 2017

Context: Reductions in objectively measured moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) have been reported among individuals with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Self-reported measures of physical activity are commonly used to assess participation in physical activity after ACLR despite the lack of evidence to support the validity of such measures within this population. Objective: The objective of this research was to determine the relationships between objectively measured MVPA, self-reported physical activity, and knee function among individuals with ACLR. Setting: University laboratory. Patients (or Other Participants): Thirty-one participants with a history of ACLR (sex: 23 females and 8 males; age = 19.8 [1.4] y) and 31 matched controls (sex: 23 females and 8 males; age = 20.6 [1.7] y) enrolled in this study. Intervention(s): None. Main Outcome Measures: Participants completed self-reported physical activity using the Tegner Activity Scale and the Marx Activity Rating Scale. Participant MVPA was objectively measured using an ActiGraph wGT3X-BT accelerometer for a 7-day period during which the monitor was worn for not less than 10 hours per day. Primary outcome measures were the amount of time spent in MVPA (minutes per week) and time spent in MVPA performed in bouts of ≥10 minutes (minutes per week). Relationships between the Tegner Activity Score, Marx Activity Rating Scale, and objectively measured MVPA variables were assessed using partial Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients after controlling for activity monitor wear time. Results: There were no significant relationships between objectively measured MVPA and self-reported physical activity (ρ ≤ 0.31, P ≥ .05) or self-reported knee-related function (ρ ≤ .41, P ≥ .05) among ACLR participants. Conclusions: Objectively measured physical activity is not significantly related to self-reported physical activity or self-reported knee function among individuals with a history of ACLR. Consideration of objective and self-reported physical activity within this population may provide key insights into disconnects between perception and the reality of physical activity engagement following ACLR.
Eight-Week Return to Play Following Latarjet Shoulder Reconstruction in an Australian Football Player: A Case Report
Authors: Murphy Myles , Stockden Marshall , Withers Ken , Breidahl William , Charlesworth Jonathon 
Published: November 2017

Introduction: Anterior shoulder dislocation is a common injury in many sports, resulting in extended time lost from play with an extremely high recurrence rate in young athletes playing a high-risk sport. Latarjet shoulder reconstruction is a common surgical procedure used to prevent subsequent dislocation with an expected rehabilitation time frame of between 4 and 6 months before return to play. Case Description: A 21-year-old male Australian football player experienced 2 left-sided shoulder dislocations before undergoing a left Latarjet shoulder reconstruction. He was assessed clinically and with magnetic resonance imaging, which revealed significant tearing of the anterior labrum. The authors theorized that maximal glenohumeral stability occurs after bony healing of the coracoid onto the glenoid at 6 weeks. The patient then underwent an 8-week structured and graduated rehabilitation program aimed at preventing loss of shoulder range of motion, muscle, and functional capacity and returned to play at 8 weeks postinjury with no complications or recurrence at 12-month follow-up. Discussion: This is the first time an 8-week rehabilitation following Latarjet shoulder reconstruction has been reported. In athletes with anterior glenohumeral dislocation who require accelerated return to play, a Latarjet reconstruction with an 8-week rehabilitation protocol may be considered.
Examining the Presence of Back Pain in Competitive Athletes: A Focus on Stress and Recovery
Authors: Heidari Jahan , Belz Johanna , Hasenbring Monika , Kleinert Jens , Levenig Claudia , Kellmann Michael 
Published: November 2017

Context:Explanatory approaches for back pain (BP) in athletes focus on biomechanical factors while neglecting psychological perspectives. Psychological factors have gained importance in the prediction of injuries in athletes and BP in the general population, with stress and recovery emerging as central risk factors. However, scarce evidence exists regarding the role of these aspects for the prevalent burden of BP.Objective:To investigate the association between stress and recovery parameters and the presence of BP.Design:Cross-sectional design.Setting: The questionnaires were distributed after the training sessions.Participants:A total of 345 competitive athletes (mean age = 18.31 y [SD = 5.40]) were investigated. The classification of the athletes’ competitive status was based on performance level.Interventions:Data were collected using questionnaires for the assessment of stress, recovery, and BP.Main Outcome Measures:The authors performed a multiple logistic regression to obtain odds ratios for stress and recovery parameters with regard to the outcome variable BP status.Results:For stress, the dimension “overall stress” (odds ratio = 1.83; 95% confidence interval, 1.30–2.59;P = .001) and the scale “physical complaints” (odds ratio = 1.68; 95% confidence interval, 1.25–2.25;P = .001) of the general version of the Recovery-Stress Questionnaire resulted to be significantly associated with BP. None of the recovery-related scales displayed a statistically significant relationship with BP.Conclusion:The outcomes of this study imply a modest association between stress and the presence of BP in competitive athletes. Practitioners may take these findings into account regarding the conception of training and for monitoring purposes.
The Role of Lumbopelvic-Hip Complex Stability in Softball Throwing Mechanics
Authors: Gilmer Gabrielle G. , Washington Jessica K. , Dugas Jeffrey R. , Andrews James R. , Oliver Gretchen D. 
Published: November 2017

Context: Studies have found that a 20% reduction in energy generation from the lumbopelvic-hip complex during overhead throws leads to a 34% increase in load on the shoulder. Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of lumbopelvic-hip complex stability, via the single leg squat assessment, on throwing mechanics of softball athletes. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Laboratory setting. Participants: A total of 50 softball athletes (164.0 [104.0] cm, 65.6 [11.3] kg, 16.3 [3.8] y, 8.61 [3.62] y of experience) performed 3 overhead throws and a single leg squat on each leg. Intervention: Four stability groups were derived: (1) stable on both legs (bilateral stability), (2) unstable on the throwing side leg (TS instability) and stable on the nonthrowing side leg, (3) unstable on the nonthrowing side leg (NTS instability) and stable on the throwing side leg, and (4) unstable on both legs (bilateral instability). All throws were analyzed across 4 throwing events: foot contact (FC), maximum external shoulder rotation (MER), ball release (BR), and maximum internal shoulder rotation (MIR). Main Outcome Measures: Mann–Whitney U tests revealed significant differences between the bilateral stability and the TS instability groups in trunk flexion at BR; the bilateral stability and the NTS instability groups in trunk flexion at BR, shoulder horizontal abduction at FC, shoulder rotation at FC, and pelvis flexion at MIR; the TS instability and the bilateral instability groups in trunk rotation at FC; and the NTS instability and the bilateral instability groups in trunk flexion at MER and shoulder rotation at FC. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate the different mechanisms in which energy can be lost through lumbopelvic-hip complex instability as evident in throwing mechanics. The findings from this study suggest that the current methods used for classification could act as a tool for coaches, physicians, and athletic trainers when assessing their athletes’ injury susceptibility.
Accurate PCR Detection of Influenza A/B and Respiratory Syncytial Viruses by Use of Cepheid Xpert Flu+RSV Xpress Assay in Point-of-Care Settings: Comparison to Prodesse ProFlu+
Authors: Cohen Daniel M. , Kline Jennifer , May Larissa S. , Harnett Glenn Eric , Gibson Jane , Liang Stephen Y. , Rafique Zubaid , Rodriguez Carina A. , McGann Kevin M. , Gaydos Charlotte A. , Mayne Donna , Phillips David , Cohen Jason 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT

The Xpert Flu+RSV Xpress Assay is a fast, automated
in vitro
diagnostic test for qualitative detection and differentiation of influenza A and B viruses and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) performed on the Cepheid GeneXpert Xpress System. The objective of this study was to establish performance characteristics of the Xpert Flu+RSV Xpress Assay compared to those of the Prodesse ProFlu+ real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) assay (ProFlu+) for the detection of influenza A and B viruses as well as RSV in a Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA)-waived (CW) setting. Overall, the assay, using fresh and frozen nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs, demonstrated high concordance with results of the ProFlu+ assay in the combined CW and non-CW settings with positive percent agreements (PPA) (100%, 100%, and 97.1%) and negative percent agreements (NPA) (95.2%, 99.5%, and 99.6%) for influenza A and B viruses and RSV, respectively. In conclusion, this multicenter study using the Cepheid Xpert Flu+RSV Xpress Assay demonstrated high sensitivities and specificities for influenza A and B viruses and RSV in ∼60 min for use at the point-of-care in the CW setting.
Human Adenovirus Infection Causes Cellular E3 Ubiquitin Ligase MKRN1 Degradation Involving the Viral Core Protein pVII
Authors: Inturi Raviteja , Mun Kwangchol , Singethan Katrin , Schreiner Sabrina , Punga Tanel 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT
Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are common human pathogens encoding a highly abundant histone-like core protein, VII, which is involved in nuclear delivery and protection of viral DNA as well as in sequestering immune danger signals in infected cells. The molecular details of how protein VII acts as a multifunctional protein have remained to a large extent enigmatic. Here we report the identification of several cellular proteins interacting with the precursor pVII protein. We show that the cellular E3 ubiquitin ligase MKRN1 is a novel precursor pVII-interacting protein in HAdV-C5-infected cells. Surprisingly, the endogenous MKRN1 protein underwent proteasomal degradation during the late phase of HAdV-C5 infection in various human cell lines. MKRN1 protein degradation occurred independently of the HAdV E1B55K and E4orf6 proteins. We provide experimental evidence that the precursor pVII protein binding enhances MKRN1 self-ubiquitination, whereas the processed mature VII protein is deficient in this function. Based on these data, we propose that the pVII protein binding promotes MKRN1 self-ubiquitination, followed by proteasomal degradation of the MKRN1 protein, in HAdV-C5-infected cells. In addition, we show that measles virus and vesicular stomatitis virus infections reduce the MKRN1 protein accumulation in the recipient cells. Taken together, our results expand the functional repertoire of the HAdV-C5 precursor pVII protein in lytic virus infection and highlight MKRN1 as a potential common target during different virus infections.

IMPORTANCE
Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are common pathogens causing a wide range of diseases. To achieve pathogenicity, HAdVs have to counteract a variety of host cell antiviral defense systems, which would otherwise hamper virus replication. In this study, we show that the HAdV-C5 histone-like core protein pVII binds to and promotes self-ubiquitination of a cellular E3 ubiquitin ligase named MKRN1. This mutual interaction between the pVII and MKRN1 proteins may prime MKRN1 for proteasomal degradation, because the MKRN1 protein is efficiently degraded during the late phase of HAdV-C5 infection. Since MKRN1 protein accumulation is also reduced in measles virus- and vesicular stomatitis virus-infected cells, our results signify the general strategy of viruses to target MKRN1.
Effective Priming of Herpes Simplex Virus-Specific CD8
+
T Cells
In Vivo
Does Not Require Infected Dendritic Cells
Authors: Whitney Paul G. , Makhlouf Christina , MacLeod Beth , Ma Joel Z. , Gressier Elise , Greyer Marie , Hochheiser Katharina , Bachem Annabell , Zaid Ali , Voehringer David , Heath William R. , Wagle Mayura V. , Parish Ian , Russell Tiffany A. , Smith Stewart A. , Tscharke David C. , Gebhardt Thomas , Bedoui Sammy 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT

Resolution of virus infections depends on the priming of virus-specific CD8
+
T cells by dendritic cells (DC). While this process requires major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-restricted antigen presentation by DC, the relative contribution to CD8
+
T cell priming by infected DC is less clear. We have addressed this question in the context of a peripheral infection with herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV). Assessing the endogenous, polyclonal HSV-specific CD8
+
T cell response, we found that effective
in vivo
T cell priming depended on the presence of DC subsets specialized in cross-presentation, while Langerhans cells and plasmacytoid DC were dispensable. Utilizing a novel mouse model that allows for the
in vivo
elimination of infected DC, we also demonstrated
in vivo
that this requirement for cross-presenting DC was not related to their infection but instead reflected their capacity to cross-present HSV-derived antigen. Taking the results together, this study shows that infected DC are not required for effective CD8
+
T cell priming during a peripheral virus infection.

IMPORTANCE
The ability of some DC to present viral antigen to CD8
+
T cells without being infected is thought to enable the host to induce killer T cells even when viruses evade or kill infected DC. However, direct experimental
in vivo
proof for this notion has remained elusive. The work described in this study characterizes the role that different DC play in the induction of virus-specific killer T cell responses and, critically, introduces a novel mouse model that allows for the selective elimination of infected DC
in vivo
. Our finding that HSV-specific CD8
+
T cells can be fully primed in the absence of DC infection shows that cross-presentation by DC is indeed sufficient for effective CD8
+
T cell priming during a peripheral virus infection.