bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review of volatiles in the Martian interior
Authors: Filiberto Justin , Baratoux David , Beaty David , Breuer Doris , Farcy Benjamin J. , Grott Matthias , Jones John H. , Kiefer Walter S. , Mane Prajkta , McCubbin Francis M. , Schwenzer Susanne P. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractMultiple observations from missions to Mars have revealed compelling evidence for a volatile‐rich Martian crust. A leading theory contends that eruption of basaltic magmas was the ultimate mechanism of transfer of volatiles from the mantle toward the surface after an initial outgassing related to the crystallization of a magma ocean. However, the concentrations of volatile species in ascending magmas and in their mantle source regions are highly uncertain. This work and this special issue ofMeteoritics & Planetary Sciencesummarize the key findings of the workshop on Volatiles in the Martian Interior (Nov. 3–4, 2014), the primary open questions related to volatiles in Martian magmas and their source regions, and the suggestions of the community at the workshop to address these open questions.
The petrology, geochemistry, and age of lunar regolith breccias Miller Range 090036 and 090070: Insights into the crustal history of the Moon
Authors: Calzada‐Diaz A. , Joy K. H. , Crawford I. A. , Strekopytov S. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractMeteorites ejected from the surface of the Moon as a result of impact events are an important source of lunar material in addition to Apollo and Luna samples. Here, we report bulk element composition, mineral chemistry, age, and petrography of Miller Range (MIL) 090036 and 090070 lunar meteorites. MIL 090036 and 090070 are both anorthositic regolith breccias consisting of mineral fragments and lithic clasts in a glassy matrix. They are not paired and represent sampling of two distinct regions of the lunar crust that have protoliths similar to ferroan anorthosites. 40Ar‐39Ar chronology performed on two subsplits of MIL 090070,33 (a pale clast impact melt and a dark glassy melt component) shows that the sample underwent two main degassing events, one at ~3.88 Ga and another at ~3.65 Ga. The cosmic ray exposure data obtained from MIL 090070 are consistent with a short (~8–9 Ma) exposure close to the lunar surface. Bulk‐rock FeO, TiO2, and Th concentrations in both samples were compared with 2‐degree Lunar Prospector Gamma Ray Spectrometer (LP‐GRS) data sets to determine areas of the lunar surface where the regolith matches the abundances observed on the sample. We find that MIL 090036 bulk rock is compositionally most similar to regolith surrounding the Procellarum KREEP Terrane, whereas MIL 090070 best matches regolith in the feldspathic highlands terrane on the lunar farside. Our results suggest that some areas of the lunar farside crust are composed of ferroan anorthosite, and that the samples shed light on the evolution and impact bombardment history of the ancient lunar highlands.
Length of time in Ghana is associated with the likelihood of exclusive breastfeeding among Liberian refugees living in Buduburam
Authors: Woldeghebriel Meley , Hromi‐Fiedler Amber , Lartey Anna , Gallego‐Perez Daniel , Sandow Adam , Pérez‐Escamilla Rafael 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWhile literature describing immigrant's breastfeeding practices exists, especially among those living within developed countries, there is a significant gap in knowledge on how the host culture may influence the EBF behaviors of refugees, especially those living in protracted situations within sub‐Saharan Africa. A cross‐sectional study was conducted in the Buduburam Refugee Settlement in Ghana from July‐August 2008 to explore the association between the amount of time living in Ghana and exclusive breastfeeding practices among Liberian refugees and Ghanaians in surround villages. The study included 480 women: 239 Liberians living in 12 settlement zones (in two of which Liberians and Ghanaians co‐exist), 121 Ghanaians living in two settlement zones, and 120 Ghanaians living in nearby urban village of Awutu. Liberian mothers who lived in Ghana at least eight years were significantly more likely to exclusively breastfeed (OR: 1.78, 95% CI: 1.02, 3.09) compared to Ghanaian mothers living in Awutu. These findings suggest that increased time living in Buduburam improved the chances of EBF success among Liberians, perhaps as a result of unique EBF education/support opportunities offered in the settlement to Liberian refugees that were not readily available to Ghanaians. Further research to understand the “mechanisms” explaining exclusive breastfeeding differences as a function of time spent in host country is needed for improving breastfeeding support in refugee settlements and host communities.
Developing a Smart Structure Using Integrated Subspace‐Based Damage Detection and Semi‐Active Control
Authors: Karami K. , Akbarabadi Sh. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractDamage detection in large building structures has always faced challenges due to analyzing the large amount of measured data. In this article, a new damage detection approach based on subspace method is proposed to identify damages using limited output data. Also, a new scheme is presented to develop a smart structure by integrating structural health monitoring with semi‐active control strategy. If damage occurs in such a structure under severe excitations, the proposed scheme has the capability to exert necessary control forces in order to compensate for damage and reduce simultaneously the dynamic response of the structure. The reliability and feasibility of the proposed method are demonstrated by implementing the technique to two shear building structures with semi‐active control devices. Results show that the damage could be identified accurately with saving time and cost due to less computation even under noise existence; and dynamic response is significantly reduced in the smart structure.
Bordetella adenylate cyclase toxin interacts with filamentous haemagglutinin to inhibit biofilm formation in vitro
Authors: Hoffman Casandra , Eby Joshua , Gray Mary , Heath Damron F. , Melvin Jeffrey , Cotter Peggy , Hewlett Erik 
Published: October 2016

SummaryBordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough, secretes and releases adenylate cyclase toxin (ACT), which is a protein bacterial toxin that targets host cells and disarms immune defenses. ACT binds filamentous haemagglutinin (FHA), a surface‐displayed adhesin, and until now, the consequences of this interaction were unknown. A B. bronchiseptica mutant lacking ACT produced more biofilm than the parental strain; leading Irie et al. to propose the ACT‐FHA interaction could be responsible for biofilm inhibition. Here we characterize the physical interaction of ACT with FHA and provide evidence linking that interaction to inhibition of biofilm in vitro. Exogenous ACT inhibits biofilm formation in a concentration‐dependent manner and the N‐terminal catalytic domain of ACT (AC domain) is necessary and sufficient for this inhibitory effect. AC Domain interacts with the C‐terminal segment of FHA with ∼650 nM affinity. ACT does not inhibit biofilm formation by Bordetella lacking the mature C‐terminal domain (MCD), suggesting the direct interaction between AC domain and the MCD is required for the inhibitory effect. Additionally, AC domain disrupts preformed biofilm on abiotic surfaces. The demonstrated inhibition of biofilm formation by a host‐directed protein bacterial toxin represents a novel regulatory mechanism and identifies an unprecedented role for ACT.
Pope Francis and Respect for Diversity: A Mapping Employing a Green Theo‐Ecoethical Lens
Authors: Hrynkow Christopher 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis article maps a selection of Pope Francis’ social teaching, which supports respect for diversity. It undertakes this task with the aid of a green theo‐ecoethical lens. That hermeneutical lens is first introduced to the reader via an explanation of its constituent parts. It is then employed to help situate respect for diversity as a Christian ethical principle. With those foundations in place subsequent sections employ the lens to colligate Francis’ teachings which, dialogically, both inform and come into focus through a green theo‐ecoethical perspective concerned with respect for diversity. Here, three sections unfold the Pope’s treatment of themes relevant to respect for diversity in a green theo‐ecoethical light. Specifically, these sections focus on contributions emerging from (1) Francis’ public ministry in general, (2) his first substantive piece of Catholic Social Teaching, Evangelii Gaudium, and (3) perhaps the most anticipated papal encyclical of all time, Laudato Si’. The article's conclusion helps situate the contextual cogency of insights emerging from this multi‐dimensional mapping for what Francis names as our common home, a planet which encompasses an Earth community in a dire need of increased levels of socio‐ecological flourishing.
Serial versus single troponin measurements for the prediction of cardiovascular events and mortality in stable chronic haemodialysis patients
Authors: Mavrakanas Thomas A , Sniderman Allan D , Barré Paul E , Alam Ahsan 
Published: October 2016

Summary at a GlanceThis study examined the variability of pre‐dialysis troponin values to predict cardiovascular events in 128 HD patients.Most stable HD patients do not have elevated troponins at baseline.However, elevated or fluctuating levels are associated with a worse outcome.Serial troponin measurement has greater sensitivity and higher‐negative predictive power compared with a single troponin measurement.
Comparison of the risk of non‐traumatic lower extremity amputation between haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients with end‐stage renal disease
Authors: Wang I‐Kuan , Hsu Chung‐Ho , Tsai Chun‐Hao , Chang Shih‐Sheng , Lin Cheng‐Li , Yen Tzung‐Hai , Lin Shih‐Yi , Lin Chung‐Chih , Liu Jiung‐Hsiun , Chang Chiz‐Tzung , Sung Fung‐Chang 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTAimWe used insurance claims data of Taiwan to compare the risk of non‐traumatic lower extremity amputation between haemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients.MethodsWe identified 77 669 HD patients and 10 035 PD patients without prior amputation from 2000 to 2010. Incidence rates and hazard ratios (HRs) of lower extremity amputation, and subsequent 30‐day mortality after amputation were evaluated up to 31 December 2011.ResultsThere were 2427 and 216 patients undergoing lower extremity amputation during follow‐up in the HD and PD groups with incidence rates of 8.35 and 5.79 per 1000 person‐years, respectively. Compared with the HD group, the overall adjusted HR of lower extremity amputation for the PD group was 1.27 (95% CI = 1.10–1.46). The impact of diabetes status on the risk of lower extremity amputation interacted with dialysis modality significantly (P < 0.001). Compared with the corresponding HD patients, the PD patients with diabetes had an adjusted HR of 1.44 (95% CI = 1.24–1.67) for amputation, whereas those without diabetes had an adjusted HR of 0.58 (95% CI = 0.36–0.95). The subsequent 30‐day mortality rates after amputation were not significantly different between the HD and PD groups (8.45% vs. 9.72%) with an adjusted odds ratio of 1.41 (95% CI = 0.87–2.28, PD versus HD).ConclusionCompared with corresponding HD patients, the amputation risk is higher for PD patients with diabetes, while the risk is lower for PD patients without diabetes. Dialysis patients have a high 30‐day mortality risk after amputation.
Nursing with care: a meditation in three voices (in memoriam John S. Drummond)
Authors: Ceci Christine , Purkis Mary Ellen , Wynn Francine 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis paper is a written version of a talk given at the 19th International Philosophy of Nursing conference to honour the contributions of Dr. John S. Drummond, nurse and philosopher, to an ongoing and collective project we could call ‘thinking nursing’. Over the course of his career, John Drummond published a series of essays, building on his reading of the works of continental philosophers such as Nietzsche, Lyotard or Deleuze, that draw us to nursing as a matter of concern, and that through their incisive analyses, help us to pay attention to the changes that are going on with nursing now. Though this essay began as a way to mark the death of John Drummond, and to pay tribute to his work, we also find that our return to his texts is like other experiences of return – the pleasure of experiencing something anew, as if for the first time.
PKR regulates LPS‐induced osteoclast formation and bone destruction in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Teramachi J , Inagaki Y , Shinohara H , Okamura H , Yang D , Ochiai K , Baba R , Morimoto H , Nagata T , Haneji T 
Published: October 2016

ObjectiveIn this study, we aimed to clarify the precise mechanism underlying lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced osteoclastogenesis in periodontal disease with a special reference to double‐stranded RNA‐dependent protein kinase (PKR).Material and MethodsWe dissected the role of PKR in LPS‐induced osteoclast differentiation and function using primary mouse bone marrow cells and RAW264.7 pre‐osteoclastic cell line. We used a rat experimental periodontitis (PD) model induced by ligature placement with a Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS injection (PD rat) and analyzed the therapeutic effects of C16, a PKR inhibitor, on bone loss in PD rats.ResultsProtein kinase is strongly upregulated and phosphorylated by LPS in the osteoclasts. The inhibition of PKR suppressed LPS‐stimulated osteoclast formation and activation. PKR inhibition also suppressed the LPS‐mediated activation of NF‐κB and MAPK, which are critical pathways for osteoclastogenesis. High expressions of PKR were detected in osteoclasts of PD rats, and the treatment with C16 effectively prevented alveolar bone destruction in PD rats.ConclusionsPKR plays a pivotal role in LPS‐induced bone loss in PD and, thus, has potential as a therapeutic target for PD.
The Via Nova Traiana Between Petra and Ayn Al‐Qana In Arabia Petraea
Authors: Abudanah Fawzi , Tarawneh Mohammad B. , Twaissi Saad , Wenner Sarah , Al‐Salameen Adeeb 
Published: October 2016

SummaryThis paper presents new evidence, based on systematic fieldwork, concerning the most likely path of the Roman road, the via nova Traiana, in the area between Petra and Ayn al‐Qana in southern Jordan. Special attention is given to the work of David Graf, the most recent fieldwork study, prior to the present investigation, dealing with the same issue, that of the via nova Traiana. It also presents a detailed description of the route of the Roman road, adds new information to Graf's study, and challenges some of his suggestions. The paper also considers other ancient roads that were directly connected to the Roman highway.
Concomitant Use of the Subcutaneous Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator and a Permanent Pacemaker
Authors: HUANG JASON , PATTON KRISTEN K. , PRUTKIN JORDAN M. 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundThe subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator (S‐ICD) is a novel implanted defibrillator for the prevention of sudden cardiac death that avoids intravascular access. Use of this device is limited by its inability to provide backup pacing. Combined use of the S‐ICD with a permanent pacemaker may be the optimal choice in certain situations though experience with the use of both devices together remains limited.MethodsWe reviewed our single‐center experience with the S‐ICD from March 2011 to November 2015. Four patients with concomitant use of the S‐ICD and a permanent pacemaker were identified. Clinical indication for device therapy, operative details, and subsequent follow‐up was reviewed. During implantation, S‐ICD sensing of paced morphologies was evaluated at maximal voltage output. After S‐ICD implant, if feasible, the upper rate was adjusted to ≤50% of the S‐ICD tachycardia zone to minimize risk of inappropriate shocks.ResultsAfter a mean follow‐up of over 1 year, no adverse events occurred, including no inappropriate shock, lead malfunction, or device infection. One patient had a total of eight appropriate shocks, while another individual had no inappropriate shocks despite having a unipolar pacing lead.ConclusionsIn unique situations, combined use of the S‐ICD and a permanent pacemaker may be preferable to alternative options. In our experience, this approach was successful in varying conditions including complex congenital heart disease, recurrent device infection, and limited vascular access.
Severe Spontaneous Echo Contrast/Auricolar Thrombosis in “Nonvalvular” AF: Value of Thromboembolic Risk Scores
Authors: MASCIOLI GIOSUÈ , LUCCA ELENA , MICHELOTTI FEDERICA , ALIOTO GIUSY , SANTORO FRANCO , BELLI GUIDO , ROTA CRISTINA , ORNAGO OMBRETTA , SIRIANNI GIOVANNI , PULCINI EMANUELA , PENNESI MATTEO , SAVASTA CARLO , RUSSO ROSARIO , PITÌ ANTONINO 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundPatients with atrial fibrillation (AF) have an increased thromboembolic risk that can be estimated with risk scores and sometimes require oral anticoagulation therapy (OAT). Despite correct anticoagulation, some patients still develop left atrial spontaneous echo contrast (SEC) or thrombosis. The value of traditional risk scores (R2CHADS2, CHADS2, and CHA2DS2‐VASc) in predicting such events remains controversial.Methods and ResultsThe aim of our study was to explore variables linked to severe SEC or atrial thrombosis and evaluate the performance of traditional risk scores in identifying these patients. In order to do this, we retrospectively analyzed 568 patients with nonvalvular nonparoxysmal AF who underwent electrical cardioversion from January 2011 to December 2016 after OAT for a minimum of 4 weeks. A transesophageal echocardiogram was performed in 265 patients for various indications, and 24 exhibited left atrial SEC or thrombosis. Female gender, history of heart failure or left ventricular ejection fraction <40%, and high levels (>1 mg/dL) of C‐reactive protein (CRP) were independently associated with left atrial SEC/thrombosis. A score composed by these factors (denominated HIS [Heart Failure, Inflammation, and female Sex]) showed a sensitivity of 79% and a specificity of 60% (area under receiver operating characteristic curve 0.695, P = 0.002) in identifying patients with a positive transesophageal echo; traditional risk scores did not perform as well.ConclusionsIn patients with persistent AF and suboptimal anticoagulation, a risk score composed by history of heart failure, high CRP, and female gender identifies patients at high risk of left atrial SEC/thrombosis when its value is >1.
A longitudinal assessment of circulating YKL‐40 levels in preschool children with wheeze
Authors: James Anna , Stenberg Hammar Katarina , Reinius Lovisa , Konradsen Jon R. , Dahlén Sven‐Erik , Söderhäll Cilla , Hedlin Gunilla 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe chitinase‐like protein YKL‐40 (CHI3L1) is elevated in the circulation of adults and schoolchildren with chronic severe asthma. It is unknown whether YKL‐40 is altered in younger, preschool children with wheeze, acute or chronic. We therefore examined YKL‐40 in preschool children during an acute episode of wheeze and during remission, in comparison with healthy controls.MethodsBlood was obtained from 128 children (aged 6–44 months) at the emergency department during an acute episode of wheeze, and at two follow‐up visits (approximately 3 months and 1 year later), as well as from 100 age‐matched healthy controls on one occasion. Plasma YKL‐40 levels were examined in relation to CHI3L1 rs4950928 genotype and clinical characteristics including Asthma Predictive Index, medication use, time spent with respiratory symptoms, atopic status, and blood leukocytes.ResultsChildren with wheeze had higher median YKL‐40 levels at the acute visit (14.7 (11.5–22.6) ng/ml, p < 0.001) and 3‐month follow‐up (15.9 (11.5–20.2), p < 0.001) compared to the 1‐year follow‐up (11.9 (9.5–17.3)). YKL‐40 levels in healthy controls (13.6 (11.0–17.0)) tended to be lower than those during acute wheeze (p = 0.07) and 3‐month follow‐up (p = 0.04), but were no different at the 1‐year follow‐up. CHI3L1 rs4950928 affected YKL‐40 in all subjects, with highest levels present in those with the CC genotype (p < 0.001). Genotype frequency was similar in the two subject groups. YKL‐40 levels showed a positive correlation with blood neutrophil counts but no consistent relationships with clinical characteristics of relevance to continuous wheeze.ConclusionYKL‐40 levels were elevated during acute wheeze in preschool children, a finding which may be related to current neutrophilic inflammation, but YKL‐40 was not associated with characteristics of persistent wheeze in this young cohort.
Perceived exercise limitation in asthma: The role of disease severity, overweight, and physical activity in children
Authors: Westergren Thomas , Berntsen Sveinung , Lødrup Carlsen Karin C. , Mowinckel Petter , Håland Geir , Fegran Liv , Carlsen Kai‐Håkon 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundChildren with asthma may be less physically active than their healthy peers. We aimed to investigate whether perceived exercise limitation (EL) was associated with lung function or bronchial hyper‐responsiveness (BHR), socioeconomic factors, prenatal smoking, overweight, allergic disease, asthma severity, or physical activity (PA).MethodsThe 302 children with asthma from the 10‐year examination of the Environment and Childhood Asthma birth cohort study underwent a clinical examination including perceived EL (structured interview of child and parent(s)), measure of overweight (body mass index by sex and age passing through 25 kg/m2 or above at 18 years), exercise‐induced bronchoconstriction (forced expiratory volume in one‐second (FEV1) pre‐ and post‐exercise), methacholine bronchial challenge (severe BHR; provocative dose causing ≥20% decrease in FEV1 ≤ 1 μmol), and asthma severity score (dose of controller medication and exacerbations last 12 months). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess associations with perceived EL.ResultsIn the final model explaining 30.1%, asthma severity score (OR: 1.49, (1.32, 1.67)) and overweight (OR: 2.35 (1.14, 4.82)) only were significantly associated with perceived EL. Excluding asthma severity and allergic disease, severe BHR (OR: 2.82 (1.38, 5.76)) or maximal reduction in FEV1 post‐exercise (OR: 1.48 (1.10, 1.98)) and overweight (OR: 2.15 (1.13, 4.08) and 2.53 (1.27, 5.03)) explained 9.7% and 8.4% of perceived EL, respectively.ConclusionsPerceived EL in children with asthma was independently associated with asthma severity and overweight, the latter doubling the probability of perceived EL irrespectively of asthma severity, allergy status, socioeconomic factors, prenatal smoking, or PA.
Landmark papers in pediatric cardiac anesthesia: documenting the history of the specialty
Authors: Friesen Robert H. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryPediatric cardiac anesthesia has developed over the past eight decades into a specialty delivering complex clinical care and contributing remarkable scientific progress. The history of this development can be traced through journal articles that mark the strides of the specialty. This article discusses journal articles, chosen by the author, that he considers had a significant impact on the practice of pediatric cardiac anesthesia or are of historical interest.
Defending Evidence‐Resistant Beliefs
Authors: Viedge Nikolai 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThere is a view in the literature around beliefs that evidence responsiveness is a necessary feature of beliefs. The reasoning is that because beliefs are governed by truth they must be evidence responsive. A mental state that fails to be evidence responsive, therefore, could not be a belief as it could not be governed by truth. The implication is that even those evidence‐resistant mental states that appear to be beliefs are in fact something else. I argue that evidence resistance is a feature of at least some beliefs, so evidence responsiveness cannot be a necessary feature of belief.