bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fieldwide Determination of Directional Permeabilities Through Transient Well Testing
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: March 2017

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 181437, “Fieldwide Determination of Directional Permeabilities Using Transient Well Testing,” by Yan Pan, Medhat Kamal, and Wayne Narr, Chevron, prepared for the 2016 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Dubai, 26–28 September. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
Knowledge of the maximum- and minimum-permeability directions in anisotropic reservoirs helps to optimize injector and producer locations and is important for reservoir management, especially under secondary or enhanced recovery of hydrocarbons. The complete paper describes a method using transient-test data rich with dynamic information aiming to provide fieldwide permeability distribution in well-spacing scale, which is relevant for estimating fluid movement and recovery.
Introduction
The knowledge of flow communication between wells is key information for reservoir management, especially in secondary or tertiary recovery. The surveillance methods to collect dynamic data to gain such knowledge include multiple-well pressure-transient tests and tracer tests. The measurements of tracer agents arriving at producing wells provide direct confirmation of flow communication. Interwell transient tests derive similar information through the measurement of pressure responses (at observation wells) to the production- or injection-rate changes at an active well, and the time required to conduct such tests is much shorter than the time required to conduct tracer tests. For anisotropic reservoirs, such as naturally fractured fields or channel systems, knowing the permeability tensor directions and the ratios of the maximum to the mini-mum permeability in various locations in the field provides better opportunities to make optimal operational decisions.
All previously proposed methods in the literature require three sets of interference or pulse tests among wells offset at different azimuths, and the pressure-response data are analyzed simultaneously using type-curve matching to calculate permeability tensors. In practice, there is limited opportunity to conduct all three sets of interference tests through the same well at one time and to analyze them simultaneously to derive a permeability tensor. In the complete paper, a new method is proposed that uses previous test-analysis results directly to estimate the permeability tensor. The analysis results (the permeability and porosity of the fast path linking two wells) from a single set interwell (interference or pulse) test could be obtained using any modern techniques with analytical, semi analytical, or numerical models and would not be limited to conventional type-curve matching. The algorithm uses mathematical matrix operations, and all analysis results can be integrated to generate the field permeability-tensor map. Mathematical aspects of the method, as well as method validation, are discussed in the complete paper.
Technology Focus: Formation Damage (February 2017)
Authors: Fleming Niall 
Published: March 2017

Technology Focus
In a corresponding article from 2015, I quoted the title of Brant Bennion’s 1999 article “Formation Damage—The Impairment of the Invisible, by the Inevitable and Uncontrollable, Resulting in an Indeterminate Reduction of the Unquantifiable.” I would like to think that, given the considerable effort spent on drilling- and completion-fluid development since the article was written, we have a much better control of the “inevitable and uncontrollable.” Likewise, with respect to a “reduction in the unquantifiable,” much of the uncertainty can be minimized by performing representative corefloods using plugs of different permeability value to reflect the values expected downhole. It is permeability that is often the most difficult to quantify; therefore, focusing on permeabilities in coreflooding to cover the span of those likely to be encountered can improve our understanding of the potential formation damage that could be expected.
In this short article, I would like to focus on “the impairment of the invisible” because it is here that the greatest uncertainty exists with regard to formation-damage evaluation. One of the challenges for those involved with understanding an unexpected decline in well performance is identifying the exact causes for the reduced productivity because we cannot see downhole what type of damage has occurred and where. Production engineers can use significant amounts of time in attempting to identify a cause for poor productivity. This process involves evaluating all that has happened in the well, which includes the fluids used, losses during drilling and completion, lower-completion type and potential for plugging, and how effective well cleanup was. Consideration of all data available can eventually point toward one factor that could explain productivity decline. Core-flooding can also be used to simulate the sequences performed in the well, to try to identify the damaging mechanism. Regardless of those factors, the key take-home message is that prevention is much better than cure.
Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org.
SPE 178963 Laboratory Simulation and Damage in Openhole Water Injectors by Michael Byrne, LR Senergy, et al.
SPE 178018 Evaluation of Damage Mechanisms in Tight Gas Reservoirs: Field Example From Perth Basin by Nick Bahrami, SGS Netherlands, et al.
SPE 179007 Ability of a Filter-Cake Breaker To Diffuse Into Completion Brine and Packed Gravel by Clotaire-Marie Eyaa Allogo, Schlumberger, et al.
Effects of Grazing Management and Buffer Strips on Metal Runoff from Pastures Fertilized with Poultry Litter
Authors: Pilon C. , Moore P. A. , Pote D. H. , Martin J. W. , DeLaune P. B. 
Published: March 2017

Metal runoff from fields fertilized with poultry litter may pose a threat to aquatic systems. Buffer strips located adjacent to fields may reduce nutrients and solids in runoff. However, scant information exists on the long‐term effects of buffer strips combined with grazing management on metal runoff from pastures. The objective of this study was to assess the 12‐yr impact of grazing management and buffer strips on metal runoff from pastures receiving poultry litter. The research was conducted using 15 watersheds (25 m wide and 57 m long) with five treatments: hayed (H), continuously grazed (CG), rotationally grazed (R), rotationally grazed with a buffer strip (RB), and rotationally grazed with a fenced riparian buffer strip (RBR). Poultry litter was applied annually in spring at 5.6 Mg ha−1. Runoff samples were collected after every rainfall event. Aluminum (Al) and iron (Fe) concentrations were strongly and positively correlated with total suspended solids, indicating soil erosion was the primary source. Soluble Al and Fe were not related to total Al and Fe. However, there was a strong positive correlation between soluble and total copper (Cu) concentrations. The majority of total Cu and zinc was in water‐soluble form. The CG treatment had the highest metal concentrations and loads of all treatments. The RBR and H treatments resulted in lower concentrations of total Al, Cu, Fe, potassium, manganese, and total organic carbon in the runoff. Rotational grazing with a fenced riparian buffer and converting pastures to hayfields appear to be effective management systems for decreasing concentrations and loads of metals in surface runoff from pastures fertilized with poultry litter.Core Ideas
Increased aluminum and iron loads in runoff were related to higher sediment delivery.
A positive correlation was observed between soluble and total copper concentrations.
Continuously grazed watersheds yielded the largest metal loads in runoff.
Metal concentrations in runoff were lower in hayed plots than the other treatments.
Rotational grazing with a fenced riparian buffer reduced metals in runoff effectively.
Tetrafluorobenzyl Alcohol-Oriented Novel (S)-Enantiomeric Esters: Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationship
Authors: Wang Wenda , Su Haihuan , Li Huangyong , Cao Xiufang 
Published: March 2017

Background:
Using constantly and widely chemistry insecticides has resulted in a selection
burden and favored tolerance development in various insect species. Particularly, pyrethroids are the
only one which can be used for net impregnation either ITNs or LLIN as yet, however, the excessive
use of pyrethroids has led to many cases of insect resistance in worldwide. Therefore, it is urgent to
develop novel insecticides fighting against this sort of resistance.

Methods:
Based on the preliminary studies, we explored a straightforward highly stereoselective
method to achieve the novel chiral ester derivatives by using Oppolzer’s 10,2-camphorsultam as chiral
controlling reagent.

Results:
A series of tetrafluorobenzyl alcohol oriented (S)-enantiomeric esters were designed and synthesized
by the asymmetric synthesis. All the compounds exhibited moderate yields, and the original
synthesized compounds have been evaluated for their potential insecticidal activity against Plutella
xylostella compared with those of fenvalerate and D-trans-phenothrin, and some compounds presented
excellent insecticidal activities.

Conclusion:
The bioassay illustrated that some of the compounds exhibit obviously insecticidal activities
against Plutella xylostella, especially, the insecticidal activity of compound 5i was as good as
commercial fenvalerate and D-trans-phenothrin, which can be used as a lead compound for further optimization.
THE CORROSION PROTECTION ON STEEL PIPE ST 41 IN WATER PLUMBING ENVIRONMENTAL USING NATRIUM CARBONATE (NA2CO3) AS INHIBITOR
Authors: Arwati I. G. A. , Izzati T. , Arifin Z. 
Published: March 2017

<p>This study aimed to analyze the effect of adding to the rate of steel corrosion inhibitor and comparing the rate of corrosion on steel pipes with and without inhibitors.The testing conducted in Puspitek shown that the most optimum inhibitor contained in the addition of 1% due to changes in the price of the original acidity (pH) from 7.30 to 11.80. This shows the increasing of pH occurred sizable value and followed by the declines of potential value (Ecorr) -700.53 mV to -512.39 mV. Thus, the decreasing accured to the current corrosion value (Icorr) from 2.71 μA/cm<sup>2</sup> to 0.31 μA/cm<sup>2</sup>, while the corrosion rate of carbon steel St 41 decreased most effective after adding 1% Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> as inhibitor, the corrosion rate is changed from 1.2437 mpy to 0.1427 mpy.</p>
EFFECT OF ANNEALING ON MAGNETIC AND STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF THE NANOCRYSTALLINE Fe-Mn-Al ALLOYS
Authors: Tarigan K. , Sebayang D. 
Published: March 2017

<p>In this work, the formations of Fe<sub>55</sub>Mn<sub>10</sub>Al<sub>35</sub> nanocrystalline alloys were made by using mechanical alloying (MA) technique with the milling time of 24 hrs and then annealed at 300, 500, and 700<sup>o</sup>C. The sizes and the morphology of the particles were checked by using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The magnetic properties were characterized by using a Vibration Sample Magnetometer (VSM), and it give results both of the magnetic saturation (<em>Ms</em>) and Coercivity (<em>Hc</em>) are decreased respect to annealing temperatures. Last one; the structures were characterized by using an Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). It give results that the structures were single phase at 24 hrs milled and 300<sup>o</sup>C annealed, then the structure to be changed at 500 and 700<sup>o</sup>C. </p>
Presencia espacial y temporal de Aramus guarauna (Gruiformes: Aramidae) y de Rostrhamus sociabilis (Accipitriformes: Accipitridae) en la Reserva de la Biósfera Marismas Nacionales, Nayarit, México
Authors: Carmona Roberto , Mendoza Luis Francisco , Molina David , Martínez Paulina , Vargas Jonathan , Cruz Miguel 
Published: March 2017

Realizamos visitas mensuales a 12 sitios ubicados en la Reserva de la Biósfera Marismas Nacionales (noviembre 2010 a junio 2011), en cinco de ellos observamos regularmente carraos (Aramus guarauna) y gavilanes caracoleros (Rostrhamus sociabilis) en tres de estos. En las zonas de observación (humedales salobres) abundó el caracol manzana (Pomacea spp.), la presa más importante de ambas especies. Para el carrao se obtuvo 493 registros en 31 eventos de observación, los sitios de mayor importancia fueron Las Cañadas y La Batanga (en conjunto 64% de los registros); en marzo y abril observamos parvadas de hasta 80 individuos, en probable relación con la época de estiaje. Del gavilán obtuvimos 109 registros, de individuos solitarios; los sitios más importantes para esta especie fueron Zoquipan y Mexcaltitán (96%). Dada la presencia de los caracoles manzana, Marismas Nacionales es utilizada regularmente por ambas especies y éstas pueden continuar expandiendo su intervalo de distribución a lo largo del Pacífico mexicano, al menos hasta el norte de Sinaloa, donde la falta de agua dulce y vegetación acuática dificultará el establecimiento de poblaciones de caracoles. PALABRAS CLAVEAramus guarauna, Rostrhamus sociabilis, distribución espacial, distribución temporal, Marismas Nacionales, Nayarit, Pomacea spp
Performance of selected macroinvertebrate-based biotic indices for rivers draining the Merendon Mountains region of Honduras
Authors: O’Callaghan Paul , Kelly-Quinn Mary 
Published: March 2017

Cusuco National Park, a cloud forest park situated in the Merendon Mountains region of Honduras, is home to considerable biodiversity with a very high degree of endemism. Like many other cloud forest parks in Central America, it was declared a protected area not because of its biodiversity, but mainly because of its function in protecting river water quality in the headwaters draining the park. Illegal and authorised forest clearance for agricultural activity such as coffee production and pasture for animals and diffuse inputs from settlements are expected to affect aquatic macroinvertebrate communities and the water quality of the rivers in the park. There is however very limited water quality monitoring, mainly because biological indices such as those in use in Europe and the United States among others have not been developed in Honduras. A research project based on macroinvertebrates was initiated in 2009 to develop a water quality index for the area. Sampling was undertaken between June and August 2009 and set out to sample minimally disturbed upper catchments of reference rivers. This paper evaluates the performance of several indices. A version of the ASPT based on the BMWP calibrated for Costa Rica (BMWP(CR)) performed best. KEY WORDSBiomonitoring, Honduras, macroinvertebrates, neotropics, upland stream, water quality
Toxic dinoflagellates (Dinoflagellata) the coast of Chiapas , Mexico , Eastern Pacific center
Authors: Maciel-Baltazar Ebodio 
Published: March 2017

In this paper are given to know toxic species with public health importance, samples were obtained during 2010-2012 in the coast of Chiapas, México, by net (20 μm mesh) in vertical hauls (up to 15 m), fixed with Lugol’s solution and studied by light microscope bright field, Twenty-four species were documented to be present in the study área: Gymnodinium (1); Alexandrium (5); Pyrodinium (1); Phalacroma (2); Dinophysis (4);Prorocentrum (4); Karenia (4); Protoceratium (1); Gonyaulax (1); Lingulodinium (1), It was found corresponding with 64-89% of the species from coastal waters of México.
Papeles invertidos: arañas depredadoras de gusanos de terciopelo neotropicales (Epiperipatus spp.; Onychophora: Peripatidae).
Authors: Franco Rosmery , Monge-Nájera Julián 
Published: March 2017

Los gusanos de terciopelo (Onychophora) son antiguos depredadores de origen cámbrico que ocasionalmente consumen arañas cténidas. Aquí informamos el caso contrario: arañas (Ctenus spp.) alimentándose de gusanos onicóforos (Epiperipatus spp.) en Colombia y Costa Rica. Aparentemente las presas no lograron expulsar su red defensiva y la eficacia del veneno de araña sugiere que los nervios y músculos de los onicóforos son bioquímicamente equivalentes a los de los insectos.
Densidad del estrato herbáceo y su relación con luminosidad, pH y cantidad de hojarasca en la Reserva Biológica Alberto Manuel Brenes, San Ramón, Costa Rica
Authors: Madrigal Luis Alejandro , Vargas Verónica 
Published: March 2017

La composición biótica de muchos ecosistemas está haciendo alterada rápidamente, por lo que hay una necesidad creciente de entender los procesos ecológicos y mantener su biodiversidad. Se midió la densidad del estrato herbáceo de 30 cuadrículas (50 cm2) establecidas en tres transeptos (25m x 2m), en la Reserva Biológica Alberto Manuel Brenes, San Ramón, Costa Rica. Encontramos que los factores significativos en la densidad herbácea son el pH y la cantidad de hojarasca.
AN ANALYSIS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PROBLEM BASED LEARNING IN LEARNING ENGLISH AT THE XI GRADE SCIENCE CLASS OF SMA NEGERI 1 SINGARAJA IN THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2015/2016
Authors: Apriliadewi P.A.R. 
Published: March 2017

This research aimed to describe the implementation of problem based learning science in learning English at the XI grade science class of SMA Negeri 1 Singaraja. The subjects of this research were an English teacher and 32 students of class XI MIA 6 in SMA N 1 Singaraja. Research methods used were observation, interview and questionnaire. The results of this research show that: (1) the implementation of problem based learning in learning English in XI MIA 6 class of SMA N 1 Singaraja has been implemented based on the phases of this model; (2)The problems faced by the English teacher during the implementation of problem based learning are the teacher is difficult to manage the learning time, determine the problem which is related to students’ characteristics, and cannot check all of the students’ work because of the big number of the students’; (3)The main problem faced by the students during the implementation of this model was they cannot improve in collaborative learning in solving the problem. However, the students give a positive response to the implementation of problem based learning in their class.
Anti-inflammatory effects of <i>Anredera cordifolia</i> and <i>Piper crocatum</i> extracts on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophage cell line
Authors: Laksmitawati Dian Ratih , Widyastuti Anisa , Karami Nadia , Afifah Ervi , Rihibiha Dwi Davidson , Nufus Hayatun , Widowati Wahyu 
Published: March 2017

<p class="Abstract">In this study, the anti-inflammatory potential of <em>Anredera </em>cordifolia and <em>Piper </em>crocatum extracts on lipopolysaccharide-induced murine macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7) was observed. Cell viability assay was performed with MTS assay. Parameters measured to determine the anti-inflammatory activity were interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, nitric oxide (NO) and IL-6. Both <em>A. </em>cordifolia and<em> P. </em>crocatum at concentration of 50 µg/mL in cell line resulted significant decrease in TNF-α level (250.3 and 242.5 pg/mL respectively). <em>A. </em>cordifolia showed significant decrease in IL-1β level at 50 µg/mL and IL-6 level at 10 µg/mL, whilst <em>P. </em>crocatum showed significant decrease IL-1β level in three concentrations with lowest level at 50 µg/mL.<em> A. </em>cordifolia showed lowest decrease in NO level at 50 µg/mL but not comparable with normal cells, whilst <em>P. </em>crocatum showed significant decrease in NO level at 50 µg/mL. This research revealed that <em>A. </em>cordifolia and<em> P. </em>crocatum possess the anti-inflammatory potential indicated by the inhibitory activity of the inflammatory mediators including, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and NO.</p>
Discovery of Water at High Spectral Resolution in the Atmosphere of 51 Peg b
Authors: Birkby J. L. , Kok R. J. de , Brogi M. , Schwarz H. , Snellen I. A. G. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
We report the detection of water absorption features in the day side spectrum of the first-known hot Jupiter, 51 Peg b, confirming the star–planet system to be a double-lined spectroscopic binary. We use high-resolution (

100,000),

spectra taken with CRIRES/VLT to trace the radial-velocity shift of the water features in the planet’s day side atmosphere during 4 hr of its 4.23 day orbit after superior conjunction. We detect the signature of molecular absorption by water at a significance of

at a systemic velocity of

km s−1, coincident with the 51 Peg host star, with a corresponding orbital velocity

km s−1. This translates directly to a planet mass of

, placing it at the transition boundary between Jovian and Neptunian worlds. We determine upper and lower limits on the orbital inclination of the system of

. We also provide an updated orbital solution for 51 Peg b, using an extensive set of 639 stellar radial velocities measured between 1994 and 2013, finding no significant evidence of an eccentric orbit. We find no evidence of significant absorption or emission from other major carbon-bearing molecules of the planet, including methane and carbon dioxide. The atmosphere is non-inverted in the temperature–pressure region probed by these observations. The deepest absorption lines reach an observed relative contrast of

with respect to the host star continuum flux at an angular separation of 3 milliarcseconds. This work is consistent with a previous tentative report of K-band molecular absorption for 51 Peg b by Brogi et al.
A Search for Kilonovae in the Dark Energy Survey
Authors: Doctor Z. , Kessler R. , Chen H. Y. , Farr B. , Finley D. A. , Foley R. J. , Goldstein D. A. , Holz D. E. , Kim A. G. , Morganson E. , Sako M. , Scolnic D. , Smith M. , Soares-Santos M. , Spinka H. , Abbott T. M. C. , Abdalla F. B. , Allam S. , Annis J. , Bechtol K. , Benoit-Lévy A. , Bertin E. , Brooks D. , Buckley-Geer E. , Burke D. L. , Rosell A. Carnero , Kind M. Carrasco , Carretero J. , Cunha C. E. , D’Andrea C. B. , Costa L. N. da , DePoy D. L. , Desai S. , Diehl H. T. , Drlica-Wagner A. , Eifler T. F. , Frieman J. , García-Bellido J. , Gaztanaga E. , Gerdes D. W. , Gruendl R. A. , Gschwend J. , Gutierrez G. , James D. J. , Krause E. , Kuehn K. , Kuropatkin N. , Lahav O. , Li T. S. , Lima M. , Maia M. A. G. , March M. , Marshall J. L. , Menanteau F. , Miquel R. , Neilsen E. , Nichol R. C. , Nord B. , Plazas A. A. , Romer A. K. , Sanchez E. , Scarpine V. , Schubnell M. , Sevilla-Noarbe I. , Smith R. C. , Sobreira F. , Suchyta E. , Swanson M. E. C. , Tarle G. , Walker A. R. , Wester W. ,   (DES Collaboration)
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The coalescence of a binary neutron star pair is expected to produce gravitational waves (GW) and electromagnetic radiation, both of which may be detectable with currently available instruments. We describe a search for a predicted r-process optical transient from these mergers, dubbed the “kilonova” (KN), using griz broadband data from the Dark Energy Survey Supernova Program (DES-SN). Some models predict KNe to be redder, shorter-lived, and dimmer than supernovae (SNe), but the event rate of KNe is poorly constrained. We simulate KN and SN light curves with the Monte-Carlo simulation code SNANA to optimize selection requirements, determine search efficiency, and predict SN backgrounds. Our analysis of the first two seasons of DES-SN data results in 0 events, and is consistent with our prediction of 1.1 ± 0.2 background events based on simulations of SNe. From our prediction, there is a 33% chance of finding 0 events in the data. Assuming no underlying galaxy flux, our search sets 90% upper limits on the KN volumetric rate of 1.0

Gpc−3 yr−1 for the dimmest KN model we consider (peak i-band absolute magnitude

mag) and 2.4

Gpc−3 yr−1 for the brightest (

mag). Accounting for anomalous subtraction artifacts on bright galaxies, these limits are ∼3 times higher. This analysis is the first untriggered optical KN search and informs selection requirements and strategies for future KN searches. Our upper limits on the KN rate are consistent with those measured by GW and gamma-ray burst searches.