bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound‐guided peripheral deep vein cannulation to perform automated red cell exchange—A pilot study in a single centre
Authors: Putensen Daniel , Pilcher Linda , Collier Dawn , McInerney Karen 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundSecuring adequate vascular access is essential for a successful apheresis procedure. In most, peripheral access is preferred but it is not always technically possible. Ultrasound‐Guided Peripheral Vascular Access (USG‐PIVA) is a well‐documented technique in the setting of Emergency departments. However, limited data exists reporting its use in the context of automated red cell exchanges (a‐RCEx).PurposeTo assess the effectiveness and feasibility of USG‐PIVA to undertake successful a‐RCEx.MethodsData was collected prospectively from patients with sickle cell disease and difficult venous access, undergoing a‐RCEx at a single centre. The USG‐PIVA technique was attempted and data relating to each attempt was collected and analysed.ResultsBetween April 2014 and July 2015 84 USG‐PIVA procedures were performed on 38 patients. 71 USG‐PIVA (85%) were successful, 13 (15%) were unsuccessful. Veins successfully cannulated: in the upper arm, basilic (22), brachial (33) and cephalic (2) veins; in the antecubital fossa, basilic (3) and median cubital (7) and in the lower arm, cephalic (2) and radial (2). Cannulas used: Introcan Safety® Braun 22 g (1), 20 g (9) and 18 g (61). Inlet flow rates achieved: 30–60 ml/min (mean 45 ml/min). Depth of veins cannulated: 2–12 mm (mean 5 mm). two complications were observed—one cannula displacement and one nerve injury. No arterial punctures occurred. Central Venous Catheters avoided (49).ConclusionThe US‐PIVA method offers an effective alternative to Central Venous Access in patients requiring a‐RCEx procedures who lack visual or palpable peripheral access, with minimal complications seen in this series. J. Clin. Apheresis 31:501–506, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Applications of biofiltration in drinking water treatment – a review
Authors: Basu Onita D , Dhawan Sahil , Black Kerry 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBiofiltration is a process in which an otherwise conventional granular filter is designed to remove not only fine particulates but also dissolved organic compounds through microbial degradation. Biofiltration can reduce the need for chemicals in drinking water treatment and thus improved applications of biofiltration in drinking water treatment can be viewed as green or sustainable engineering technology. Recent trends in biofiltration technology for drinking water treatment have or have attempted to extend the performance of biofilters through gaining a better understanding of operational constraints. This review articles summarizes important operational parameters influencing biofiltration performance such as hydraulic loading, empty bed contact time (EBCT), temperature, media type, and backwashing conditions. In addition, recent advancements in biofiltration operations including, ozonation, ammonia removal and the influence of nutrient (nitrogen, phosphorous) supplementation to facilitate carbon removal are explored. � 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Trapping behavior of GaN HEMTs and its implications on class B PA bias point selection
Authors: Cabral Pedro M. , Nunes Luis C. , Ressurreição Tiago , Pedro José C. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractGallium nitride high electron mobility transistors (GaN HEMTs) have been accused of suffering from soft‐compression, a recognized form of nonlinearity. Recently published works showed that this phenomenon – explained with the devices' charge‐trapping effects – is only observed under CW operation, which has little in common with generally used communication signals. In real operation, those effects (modeled as a self‐biasing phenomenon visible as a threshold voltage variation) are also observable, but in an apparently different way. Several nonlinear models already take into account this variation and, more recently, the authors presented an extraction methodology for such complicated systems. Based on that information, this paper presents the trapping behavior of GaN HEMTs and a physically based way of adjusting the quiescent point of a desired class B GaN HEMT‐based PA, designed to operate under dynamically varying signals. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Temperature, extreme precipitation, and diurnal rainfall changes in the urbanized Jakarta city during the past 130 years
Authors: Siswanto Siswanto , van Oldenborgh Geert Jan , van der Schrier Gerard , Jilderda Rudmer , van den Hurk Bart 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTUsing a newly available 134‐years long record of daily and 114‐years hourly observations at Jakarta observatory, trends and variability in temperature, extreme precipitation, and changes in the diurnal cycle over Jakarta have been analysed. Although the number of days with rainfall has decreased over the 1866–2010 period, the fraction of events with rainfall exceeding 50 mm day−1 exhibits a positive trend over the 1866–2010 period with an even stronger trend over the period 1961–2010. The number of days with rainfall exceeding 50 and 100 mm day−1 has shown a statistically significant increase over the 1961–2010 period as well. Over the recent decades, the heaviest 1% of all precipitation events (q99%) also exhibits an increasing trend. These trends in extremes are strongest during the wet season. The rainfall intensity with 200 mm return level has a shorter return period in the most recent decade than earlier in the historic time series. Over the last century, the annual mean temperature in Jakarta has increased about 1.6 °C per century, which exceeds the rise of the global mean land temperature. The increase in the daily maximum temperature is stronger than the increase in mean and minimum temperature, although the trend in minimum temperature is stronger during the last 50 years. The mean diurnal cycles of Jakarta temperature and precipitation have changed markedly as well. This analysis was enabled by the availability of high quality hourly observations in the historic record. Comparing the 2001–2010 period to historic decades, a considerable increase in night‐time temperature was found. During the wet season, the early morning rainfall has increased in intensity, while in other seasons a delay of the late afternoon rainfall peak was observed for the recent observation periods.
Lumbar spine endplate fractures: Biomechanical evaluation and clinical considerations through experimental induction of injury
Authors: Curry William H. , Pintar Frank A. , Doan Ninh B. , Nguyen Ha Son , Eckardt Gerald , Baisden Jamie L. , Maiman Dennis J. , Paskoff Glenn R. , Shender Barry S. , Stemper Brian D. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTLumbar endplate fractures were investigated in different experimental scenarios, however the biomechanical effect of segmental alignment was not outlined. The objectives of this study were to quantify effects of spinal orientation on lumbar spine injuries during single‐cycle compressive loads and understand lumbar spine endplate injury tolerance. Twenty lumbar motion segments were compressed to failure. Two methods were used in the preparation of the lumbar motion segments. Group 1 (n = 7) preparation maintained pre‐test sagittal lordosis, whereas Group 2 (n = 13) specimens had a free‐rotational end condition for the cranial vertebra, allowing sagittal rotation of the cranial vertebra to create parallel endplates. Five Group 1 specimens experienced posterior vertebral body fracture prior to endplate fracture, whereas two sustained endplate fracture only. Group 2 specimens sustained isolated endplate fractures. Group 2 fractures occurred at approximately 41% of the axial force required for Group 1 fracture (p < 0.05). Imaging and specimen dissection indicate endplate injury consistently took place within the confines of the endplate boundaries, away from the vertebral periphery. These findings indicate that spinal alignment during compressive loading influences the resulting injury pattern. This investigation identified the specific mechanical conditions under which an endplate breach will take place. Development of endplate injuries has significant clinical implication as previous research identified internal disc disruption (IDD) and degenerative disc disease (DDD) as long‐term consequences of the axial load‐shift that occurs following a breach of the endplate. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1084–1091, 2016.
Joint analysis of IVD herniation and degeneration by rat caudal needle puncture model
Authors: Cunha Carla , Lamas Sofia , Gonçalves Raquel M. , Barbosa Mário A. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTIntervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is responsible for various spine pathologies and present clinical treatments are insufficient. Concurrently, the mechanisms behind IVD degeneration are still not completely understood, so as to allow development of efficient tissue engineering approaches. A model of rat IVD degeneration directly coupled to herniation is here proposed in a pilot study. Disc injury is induced by needle puncture, using two different needles gauges: a low caliber 25‐G needle and a high caliber 21‐G needle. Histological, biochemical, and radiographic degeneration was evaluated at 2 and 6 weeks post‐injury. We show that the larger caliber needle results in a more extended histological and radiographic degeneration within the IVD, compared to the smaller one. TUNEL quantification indicates also increased cell death in the 21‐G group. Analyses of collagen type I (Picrosirius red staining), collagen type II (immunofluorescence), and GAG content (Blyscan assay) indicate that degeneration features spontaneously recover from 2 to 6 weeks, for both needle types. Moreover, we show the occurrence of hernia proportional to the needle gauge. The number of CD68+ macrophages present, as well as cell apoptosis within the herniated tissue are both proportional to hernia volume. Moreover, hernias formed after lesion tend to spontaneously diminish in volume after 6 weeks. Finally, MMP3 is increased in the hernia in the 21‐G group at 2 weeks. This model, by uniquely combining IVD degeneration and IVD herniation in the same animal, may help to understand mechanisms behind IVD pathophysiology, such as hernia formation and spontaneous regression. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:258–268, 2017.
Is recurrent respiratory papillomatosis a manageable or curable disease?
Authors: Kim Hyung‐Tae , Baizhumanova Aigul Saparadievna 
Published: November 2015

ObjectivesRecurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is a relatively rare disease with potentially devastating consequences for the patient. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the patterns of recurrence of RRP after surgery and determine the effectiveness of combined concurrent adjuvant therapy.MethodsA total of 86 patients were diagnosed with and operated on for RRP. The clinical characteristics of 29 of the 86 patients who had undergone operations at other hospitals and who were followed up for >2 years were evaluated retrospectively. A combined concurrent adjuvant therapy was performed with microlaryngeal surgery, 585‐nm pulsed dye laser (PDL) application, and an intralesional cidofovir injection. To evaluate the recurrence pattern, the larynx was divided into 10 subsites, and patients were investigated for the frequency of recurrence at the subsites after the operation.ResultsTwenty‐nine subjects required a mean of 3.0 operations to achieve complete remission for 2 years. The most common subsites for recurrence were the anterior commissure, subglottis, and epiglottis according to increasing number of operations. The subsites of recurrence tended to be closely correlated with the laryngeal submucosal glandular density distribution. A complete en‐bloc layer excision, including the submucosal glands, using cold instruments decreased the recurrence rate of RRP. Applying PDL minimized scarring and provided significant posttreatment voice‐quality improvement.ConclusionsThe results of the recurrent pattern analysis suggest that a combined concurrent adjunctive treatment might be promising as a cure for RRP and restoration of vocal function after treatment.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 126:1359–1364, 2016
Measuring and structuring the spatial coherence length of organic light‐emitting diodes
Authors: Xie Guohua , Chen Mingzhou , Mazilu Michael , Zhang Shuyu , Bansal A.K. , Dholakia Kishan , Samuel Ifor D. W. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe spatial coherence of organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) is an important parameter that has gained little attention to date. Here, we present a method for making quantitative measurements of the spatial coherence of OLEDs using a Young's double‐slit experiment. The usefulness of the method is demonstrated by making measurements on a range of OLEDs with different emitters (iridium and europium complexes) and architectures (bottom and top emitting) and the fringe visibility is further manipulated by gratings embedded in external diffractive optical elements. Based on the experiments and simulation of the results, we quantitatively determine the spatial coherence lengths of several OLEDs and find them to be a few micrometers. A 60% increase in the spatial coherence length was observed when using a narrow bandwidth emitter and a metal‐coated grating.
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Variations in seasonal snow surface energy exchange during a snowmelt period: an example from the Tianshan Mountains, China
Authors: Lu H. , Wei W. S. , Liu M. Z. , Han X. , Li M. , Hong W. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTThe energy exchange on a snow surface is important for snowmelt and sublimation. Furthermore, a comparison of the snow surface energy exchange between different years at the same location is beneficial for understanding the influence of climate change on snowmelt. In the present study, based in the Tianshan Mountains, China, meteorological factors and the snowmelt rate were measured using an automatic weather station and snow lysimeter during the snowmelt period in a normal snowfall year (2009), an abnormally light snowfall year (2012) and two abnormally heavy snowfall years (2010 and 2013). The energy exchange was calculated according to these meteorological data sets. The climate during the snowmelt periods in 2010 and 2013 was warmer and wetter than that in 2009 and 2012. For all years, net short wave radiation and sensible heat flux were positive, and net long wave radiation and latent heat flux were negative. The maximum difference in the snow surface energy exchange for each of the different years is given as net turbulence. The snowmelt periods in 2010 and 2013 were 15–20 days longer than those in 2009 and 2012. The snowmelt rates in 2010 and 2013 were higher than those in 2009 and 2012, especially during the latter days of the snowmelt period. Against the background of a warming and more humid climate in the western Tianshan Mountains, the snowmelt rate will inevitably increase, especially towards the end of the snowmelt period.
Performance of super high resolution numerical weather prediction model in forecasting terrain‐disrupted airflow at the Hong Kong International Airport: case studies
Authors: Chan P. W. , Hon K. K. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTHong Kong International Airport (HKIA) is situated in an area of complex terrain. Mountains near the airport can lead to terrain‐disrupted airflow disturbances, which may bring about hazardous weather phenomena for aviation, such as low‐level windshear and turbulence. Timely forecasting of such airflow disturbances would be useful in providing early warnings to the pilots. The Hong Kong Observatory has been running a super high resolution numerical weather prediction model suite, the aviation model (AVM), since late 2013, with spatial resolution up to 200 m immediately around HKIA. After testing and tuning over the past year, the performance of the AVM in forecasting terrain‐disrupted airflow at the airport area is investigated in this study. Two typical cases of such complex airflow are considered, Foehn wind and mountain wave. The AVM is found to capture successfully some salient features of the airflow as observed around HKIA through comparison with light detection and ranging (LIDAR) and weather buoy observations. The model also helps in shedding new light on the airflow from the vertical cross sections of the winds across the mountains. Limitations of the AVM are also discussed.
Climate and Terrain Characteristics Linked to Mud Ejection Occurrence in the Canadian High Arctic
Authors: Holloway Jean E. , Lamoureux Scott F. , Montross Scott N. , Lafrenière Melissa J. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPressurised slurries of fine‐grained sediment expelled from the base of the active layer have been observed in recent years in the High Arctic. Such mud ejections, however, are poorly understood in terms of how exactly climate and landscape factors determine when and where they occur. Mud ejections at the Cape Bounty Arctic Watershed Observatory, Melville Island, Nunavut, were systematically mapped in 2012 and 2013, and this was combined with observations of mud ejection activity and climatic measurements carried out since 2003. The mud ejections occur late in the melt season during warm years and closely following major rainfall events. High‐resolution satellite imagery demonstrates that mud ejections are associated with polar semi‐desert vegetative settings, flat or low‐sloping terrain and south‐facing slopes. The localised occurrence of mud ejections appears to be related to differential soil moisture retention. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Localised metallisation process for silicon solar cells
Authors: Delbos Elise , Aureau Damien , Belghiti Hanane El , Vigneron Jackie , Bouttemy Muriel , Etcheberry Arnaud 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIn photovoltaic field, specifically for the silicon solar cells, one of the today challenges is to replace the screen‐printed silver contact lines by other processes or materials with a nanometric precision. An alternative method consists in the deposition of nickel‐copper contacts by wet deposition process on silicon substrate, inside lines etched throughout the anti‐reflective layer. In this research work, a four‐step process was chosen: 1. Ni(P) chemical deposition, 2. annealing to form a silicide, 3. fresh Ni(P) layer to guaranty the barrier effect and 4. copper metallisation. In this study, the deposition mechanisms of electroless nickel and the annealing procedure to generate a 100 nm‐NiSi layer are studied. The Ni diffusion dependence with the initial Ni(P) layer thickness is demonstrated, combining an overall approach based on top and cross section imaging (SEM) and chemical analysis (EDS) reinforced by an accurate diagnostic by XPS depth profiling. Particularly, XPS profiles performed enabled us to finely determine the depth diffusion of the NiSi alloy, allowing to optimize the process to satisfy both the adherence between Si and the Ni/Cu stack and a low contact resistance of the final lines. The elaboration of the complete stack NiSi/Ni(P)/Cu is then performed and characterized. The selectivity of the metallisation process (electroless nickel and electrolytic copper plating) is certified by XPS line profile showing only low overburden on the anti‐reflective layer. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Enhancement of emission intensity of LaVO4:RE3+ luminescent solar light absorbers
Authors: Chornii V. , Chukova O. , Nedilko S. G. , Nedilko S. A. , Voitenko T. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe investigated La1–xRExVO4 (RE = Eu, Sm) solid solutions are characterized by intensive emission of the RE ions that is excited from the wide spectral range including UV region of intrinsic transitions in the vanadate host. We have carried out comparable analysis of characteristics of the La1–xRExVO4 compounds synthesized by three different methods: solid state reaction, co‐precipitation and sol‐gel synthesis. The investigation revealed differences in luminescence and excitation spectra of samples obtained by different methods. Spectra of the samples with lower activator concentrations have a more complicated character. They contain exceed number of lines that is caused by formation of two types of RE3+ emission centers. Spectral exhibitions of the second (“at surface”) type of centers are observed up to x = 0.05, 0.1 and 0.3 for samples synthesized by solid state, co‐precipitation and sol‐gel methods, respectively. The presence of the “at surface” type of centers leads to essential increasing of total intensity of emission. Differences in excitation spectra give us a possibility to suppose that enhancement of luminescence intensity is also due to expanded excitation range caused by “at surface” centers in UV region. Therefore, “at surface” centers satisfy better absorption of UV light. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Engineered cellulose fibers as dielectric for oxide field effect transistors
Authors: Gaspar Diana , Pereira Luís , Delattre Anastasia , Guerin David , Fortunato Elvira , Martins Rodrigo 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWhen thinking on low cost and sustainable electronic systems, paper can be considered as an interesting option to be used as substrate but also as a component of such systems. In this work we have tailored paper samples that were used simultaneously as physical support and dielectric in oxide based paper field effect transistors (FETs). It was observed that the gate leakage current in these devices depends directly from fibril's dimension and arrangement, being lower for micro/nano fibrillated cellulose paper. Moreover, extra ionic charge added to the paper during its production results in the improvement of FETs' electrical properties, with saturation mobility of 16 cm 2V –1s –1 and on/off current ratio close to 105. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Distributed average computation for multiple time‐varying signals with output measurements
Authors: Zhao Yu , Liu Yongfang , Duan Zhisheng , Wen Guanghui 
Published: November 2015

SummaryThis paper studies the distributed average computation problem for multiple time‐varying signals with bounded inputs. Based only on relative output measurements, a pair of continuous algorithms with, respectively, static and adaptive coupling strengths are designed and utilized. From the concept of boundary layer approach, the proposed continuous algorithm with static coupling strengths can asymptotically obtain the average value of the multiple reference signals without chattering phenomenon. Furthermore, for the case of algorithms with adaptive coupling strengths, the calculation errors are uniformly ultimately bounded and exponentially converge to a small adjustable bounded set. Finally, a simulation example is presented to show the validity of the theoretical results. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.