bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Erfolgsfaktoren und künftige Herausforderungen von Bürgerenergiegenossenschaften
Authors: Volz Richard , Storz Nico 
Published: February 2016

Zusammenfassung
Seit dem Jahr 2006 ist ein signifikanter Anstieg von Genossenschaftsgründungen im Energiebereich zu verzeichnen. In jüngster Vergangenheit ist jedoch zu beobachten, dass die Neugründungszahlen stagnieren bzw. sogar rückläufig sind. Vor diesem Hintergrund analysiert der nachfolgende Beitrag Erfolgsfaktoren und mögliche Limitationen, welche diese Entwicklung bedingen.
Genossenschaftliche Leitbilder in der Praxis
Authors: Hill Sebastian , Reifschneider Annika , Reimann Neele , Wagner Maria , Doluschitz Reiner 
Published: February 2016

Zusammenfassung Ü
ber die vergangenen drei Jahrzehnte hinweg sind Leitbilder als Instrument der modernen Unternehmensführung etabliert worden. Auch Genossenschaften nutzen diese verstärkt, unter anderem zur Senkung von Transaktionskosten. Die Verbreitung, die Gründe für die Einführung, die wesentlichen Inhalte sowie die Wahrnehmung der genossenschaftlichen Leitbilder aus Sicht der Führungskräfte, Mitglieder und Mitarbeiter in baden-württembergischen Genossenschaften werden im Beitrag empirisch überprüft. Aus den Ergebnissen lassen sich Konsequenzen für die Ausgestaltung, Kommunikation und Einsatzbereiche von Leitbildern ableiten.
Icopor o unisel le ponen el cáncer a tu comida. Material de uso diario que nos mata poco a poco
Authors: Gómez Rodríguez Cristian Alfonso 
Published: February 2016

<p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: medium;">El icopor, es un material usado mundialmente como empaque de cientos de productos que a diario consumimos, y</span><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span><span style="font-size: medium;">para el transporte de los mismos, sin conocer las consecuencias que ocasiona en nuestro organismo.</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;">Respuestas negativas al calor, ya sea interno o externo, hacen parte de las muchas razones por las que se debe omitir el uso excesivo e inadecuado de este peligroso material, entre algunas tenemos: la creación de toxinas tales como las dioxinas, creación de cera en el organismo del hombre y problemas ambientales.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: medium;">El hombre ha creado un problema de salubridad y ambiental, por ende debe solucionarlo y no dejarlo así.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Lo interesante es que sí se están llevando iniciativas para este propósito, y es que ya existen métodos y procedimientos industriales, los cuales pueden encontrar soluciones para que este material pueda ser usado nuevamente una vez sea desechado y dejar de ser un producto de una sola vida y tener otro tipo de usos, eso sí alejado de productos alimenticios, como sopas instantáneas, comida preparada en casa y empacada, café, etc. y de</span><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span><span style="font-size: medium;">personas expuestas a sus toxinas.</span></span></p>
Funciones de valor para construir un indice de sostenibilidad para la evaluación de áreas naturales con uso turístico
Authors: Gutiérrez-Fernández Luis Fernando 
Published: February 2016

<p>Existen múltiples modelos para medir uno o varios elementos (bióticos, físicos o sociales) de las áreas naturales o de la gestión que se realiza al interior, sin embargo fue preciso diseñar un sistema que permitiera monitorear la sostenibilidad de estas zonas de forma polidimensional, para lo cual fue necesaria la construcción de funciones de valor que permitieran homogeneizar los valores heterogéneos de los diferentes indicadores, de forma que se pudieran agregar, en un solo valor o índice. En la presente investigación el objetivo de las funciones de valor fue transformar valores heterogéneos en Unidades de Valor Ambiental (U.V.A).</p>
El video: herramienta de asimilación de contenidos en el aula de clase
Authors: Pérez Montero Eilen Lorena 
Published: February 2016

<p>La llegada y la incorporación de las nuevas tecnologías de la información y comunicación (TIC) en las aulas de clase ha supuesto una nueva concepción del modelo educativo en el que docentes y estudiantes las integran en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, porque es un componente que permite darle las características de flexibilidad, ubicuidad, a sincronía e interactividad. Acudimos a este ejemplo, el desarrollo de un diseño experimental donde se pretende validar el video como herramienta de asimilación de contenidos, tomando como referencia la asignatura de teoría general de sistemas en el en el programa de ingeniaría ambiental de la Corporación Universitaria del Huila CORHUILA.</p>
Graphite Tattoo on the Gingiva: A Case Report
Authors: Yeta Necmettin , Yeta Elif Naz , Önder Canan , Akkaya Murat , Günhan Ömer 
Published: February 2016

Introduction: Graphite tattoos may easily be confused with amalgam tattoos and have been reported on infrequently in relevant literature. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first case report in which the incineration method was used for the histopathologic diagnosis of a graphite tattoo on the gingiva.Case Presentation: A 24‐year‐old female patient was referred to the periodontology department of Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey, for evaluation of an asymptomatic pigmented lesion on the maxillary anterior gingiva. A gray‐blackish, irregularly shaped macule was observed on the maxillary anterior attached gingiva between the left central and lateral incisors. Radiographs showed no radiopaque foreign particles or pathologic changes in alveolar bone and related teeth. The pigmented area was removed using an excisional incision. The incineration method was used as a differential diagnosis for the histopathologic examination. There was no additional recurrence of the problem by the end of a 1‐year follow‐up examination.Conclusions: The diagnosis of pigmented lesions of the oral cavity and gingiva shows different variations. It is not always possible to distinguish a benign pigmented lesion from an early melanoma on the basis of clinical features alone. A biopsy is usually recommended for focal oral pigmented lesions that cannot be explained by local factors. The incineration method can be used for differential diagnosis between melanin and graphite tattoo accumulation because carbon can be eradicated with this method. However, the same cannot be said for melanin.
Manifestasi Seksualitas Dalam Budaya Kebebasan
Authors: Hikmawan Rusydi 
Published: February 2016

his time, pornography and erotic actions start to correlate into culture domain, where human beings become the subject as well as the object. Concept of culture claims the relationship between human interaction on society and culture as a result of them. Pornography and erotic actions are considered to be the representation of the products of human being activities in the forms of technology, pictures, idols, painting etc. All of them are then absorbed into culture.
The opponents of freedom culture suggest that Indonesian people should be responsible to the development of Indonesian culture which is based on religions and eastern norms. The most dominant norms is Islamic teaching which is the religion of the majority of the citizen. Thus, Indonesia culture should be able to represent Islamic way of life which is based on al Quran and Sunnah. Pornography, which is against Islamic teaching should not be part of Indonesian culture.
Opioids in Depression: Not Quite There Yet
Authors: Xin Yin  , Nuri Guven  , Nikolas Dietis  
Published: February 2016

Depression is a common mental disorder that affects people of all ages across the world. All current pharmacological interventions are based on the monoamine theory of depression and aim to increase the concentrations of monoamines in the brain. However, since many patients show no response or do not tolerate conventional therapies, there is an urgent need to identify new therapeutic targets, explore new molecular pathways and develop novel drugs against depression. Opioids, a class of compounds used against chronic pain, have major analgesic properties, but they are also well known for their anxiolytic and antidepressant effects. In preclinical and clinical studies, some opioids showed encouraging results to alleviate depression-like symptoms. Although our knowledge about the antidepressant effects of opioids stretches back to the late ‘70s, we still have a long way to cover. Predominantly, a clear understanding about their mode of action as well as the opioid-associated issues of addiction and convulsions, are the main challenges that need to be addressed before we will see opioid compound used in the clinic against depression.
Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity and Phytochemical Screening of Azadirachta indica Leaves Extracts Against Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Bhuwanendra Singh  , Arshad Ahamad  , Vipin Pal  
Published: February 2016

Azadirachta indica is an Indian tree well known for its several pharmacological activities, including antimicrobial activity. A. indica leaves extract was used to screen antibacterial activity against S. aureus. The methanol extract of leaves of A. indica was prepared and its phytochemical screening was performed. The phytochemical analysis exhibited the presence alkaloids, polyphenol, tannins, flavonoids and glycoside in extract. The methanol extract of A. indica leaves tested against S. aureus using disc diffusion method. Gentamicin was used as standard and compared the effect of antibacterial activity of methanol extract. The methanol extract of A. indica leaves demonstrated potent antibacterial activity against tested bacteria.
Inclusion of Different Levels of Eucalyptus Oil: An In Vitro Trial to Study the Effect on Sheep Rumen Methanogenesis and Fermentation Processes
Authors: Tisa Mukharji  , Meera Srivastava  
Published: February 2016

An in vitro trial was conducted in fermentation vessels under anaerobic conditions using composite feed-1 and composite feed-2 with inclusion of different levels of Eucalyptus oil (EO) along with buffered rumen liquor of sheep to observe the effects of oil on rumen methanogenesis and fermentation. The CF-1 consisted of 40% of concentrate and CF-2 had 25 % of concentrate. The various concentrations of EO used in present study were 0.5,1 and 2 µl/ml. During the present investigation it was observed that on increasing concentration of EO in CF-1 and CF-2 resulted in linear decrease in total gas production up to 74.26% in CF-1; and 31.01% by inclusion of EO in CF-2, respectively. The findings suggest that decrease in total gas production and methane concentration was highly pronounced in CF-1 compared to CF-2. The rumen digestibility in CF-1 and CF-2 also decreased significantly (p < 0.01) from control. A significant decrease in NH3 –N compared to control was also documented. As EO in both the feeds was found to inhibit deamination activity, the ammonia production decreased with increase in the efficiency of protein utilization. The inclusion of the oil decreased the Total Volatile Fatty Acids (TVFA) concentration significantly (p < 0.01). The A:P ratio increased by inclusion in CF-2 but not in CF-1. The pH was effected on inclusion of EO in CF-2 whereas inclusion of EO in CF-1 exhibited non significant effect. Therefore, the difference in Volatile Fatty acids (VFA) pattern due to essential oil might be because of different diets and pH in different experiments. The inclusion of EO decreased the protozoa number significantly (p < 0.01). EO was found to decrease fermentation in a manner that even at 0.5 µl/ml concentration there was a significant decrease in GP, ME, SCFA, TDDM and MBP. It could therefore be envisaged that increasing the proportion of concentrate in diets and using EO as a feed additive increases the rumen efficiency by reducing the methane concentration and gas production.
Are microsatellite fragment lengths useful for population‐level studies? The case of Polygala lewtonii (Polygalaceae)
Authors: Germain‐Aubrey Charlotte C. , Nelson Cory , Soltis Douglas E. , Soltis Pamela S. , Gitzendanner Matthew A. 
Published: February 2016

Premise of the study:Microsatellites, despite being commonly used population‐level markers, contain biases because scoring relies solely on fragment length. Their complexity can lead to homoplasy, the effects of which are poorly understood. We investigated the impact of using fragment lengths, repeats, or flanking region sequences on common population‐level analyses.Methods:Five polymorphic microsatellite markers amplified across the central Florida scrub endemic Polygala lewtonii (Polygalaceae) and its close, widespread congener P. polygama. We genotyped 147 individuals of P. lewtonii and 156 of P. polygama, and sequenced the amplicons of four markers across all individuals. We ran basic statistics, spatial clustering analysis, historical demographics, and migration tests.Results:One population of intermediate morphology was genetically clearly identified as P. polygama, making it the southernmost population of this species. Statistics were comparable between the fragment length and repeat numbers, with some notable differences. Flanking regions exhibited surprisingly high polymorphism between species, and between geographically distant conspecific populations.Discussion:The increasing use of markers developed in one species and amplified in another is only a good practice if precautions are taken, notably the sequencing of the fragments between species and populations. Flanking region sequences are a useful marker at the interspecific level.
Immunochip Analyses of Epistasis in Rheumatoid Arthritis Confirm Multiple Interactions within MHC and Suggest Novel Non-MHC Epistatic Signals
Authors: Wei Wen-Hua , Loh Chia-Yin , Worthington Jane , Eyre Stephen 
Published: February 2016

Objective.Studying statistical gene-gene interactions (epistasis) has been limited by the difficulties in performance, both statistically and computationally, in large enough sample numbers to gain sufficient power. Three large Immunochip datasets from cohort samples recruited in the United Kingdom, United States, and Sweden with European ancestry were used to examine epistasis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods.A full pairwise search was conducted in the UK cohort using a high-throughput tool and the resultant significant epistatic signals were tested for replication in the United States and Swedish cohorts. A forward selection approach was applied to remove redundant signals, while conditioning on the preidentified additive effects.Results.We detected abundant genome-wide significant (p < 1.0e-13) epistatic signals, all within the MHC region. These signals were reduced substantially, but a proportion remained significant (p < 1.0e-03) in conditional tests. We identified 11 independent epistatic interactions across the entire MHC, each explaining on average 0.12% of the phenotypic variance, nearly all replicated in both replication cohorts. We also identified non-MHC epistatic interactions between RA susceptible loci LOC100506023 and IRF5 with Immunochip-wide significance (p < 1.1e-08) and between 2 neighboring single-nucleotide polymorphism near PTPN22 that were in low linkage disequilibrium with independent interaction (p < 1.0e-05). Both non-MHC epistatic interactions were statistically replicated with a similar interaction pattern in the US cohort only.Conclusion.There are multiple but relatively weak interactions independent of the additive effects in RA and a larger sample number is required to confidently assign additional non-MHC epistasis.
Vascularization of Irregular Retinal Pigment Epithelial Detachments in Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy Evaluated With OCT Angiography
Authors: de Carlo Talisa E. , Rosenblatt Amir , Goldstein Michaela , Baumal Caroline R. , Loewenstein Anat , Duker Jay S. 
Published: February 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To assess eyes with flat, irregular retinal pigment epithelial detachments (RPEDs) associated with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) for choroidal neovascularization (CNV) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Retrospective review of OCTA images of chronic CSCR eyes with irregular RPED (group 1) and regular RPED (controls, group 2) for presence of CNV, subretinal fluid, and intraretinal fluid. Fluorescein angiography was also evaluated for CNV.

RESULTS:

CNV was detected using OCTA in 13 of 31 eyes (41.9%) in group 1 and in one of 18 eyes (5.6%) in group 2 (
P
= .007). Irregular RPED was a risk factor for CNV (odds ratio [OR] = 12.28; 95% CI, 1.45–104.3). There was no significant difference between detection by OCTA and FA (
P
= 1.0). Sensitivity and specificity of detection by OCTA were 85.7% and 95.7%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:
Irregular RPEDs in chronic CSCR eyes may harbor neovascularization more often than previously thought, which has implications on therapy.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Imaging Laser Retina
. 2016;47:128–133.]
Application of the Level-Set Model with Constraints in Image Segmentation
Authors: Klement Vladimír , Oberhuber Tomáš , Ševčovič Daniel 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe propose and analyze a constrained level-set method for semi-automatic image segmentation. Our level-set model with constraints on the level-set function enables us to specify which parts of the image lie inside respectively outside the segmented objects. Such a-priori information can be expressed in terms of upper and lower constraints prescribed for the level-set function. Constraints have the same conceptual meaning as initial seeds of the popular graph-cuts based methods for image segmentation. A numerical approximation scheme is based on the complementary-finite volumes method combined with the Projected successive over-relaxation method adopted for solving constrained linear complementarity problems. The advantage of the constrained level-set method is demonstrated on several artificial images as well as on cardiac MRI data.
Severe blunt eye trauma causes a decrease in central macular thickness within first 48 hours of trauma
Authors: Atalay Kursat , Kirgiz Ahmet , Kaldirim Havva Erdogan , Mert Metin , Guliyev Derya Alp , Cabuk Kubra Serefoglu , Taskapili Muhittin 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

Background
Blunt eye trauma is an important emergency in ophthalmology practice, and may alter the structure of the macula.

Objectives
To evaluate the optic coherence tomography (OCT) measurements of central macular thickness (CMT) among patients admitted to the hospital within 48 hours of blunt eye trauma.

Methods
Prospective cross-sectional study to evaluate patients who were admitted to hospital with blunt eye trauma within 48 hours trauma. Spectral domain OCT was used to measure macular thickness. CMT measurements of 24 healthy and 26 traumatized eyes of same patients were analyzed as control and case groups, respectively.

Results
The mean CMT measurements were 230.04 ± 18.64 μm in control and 226.50 ± 18.89 μm in traumatized groups. The difference between two groups was not statistically significant (P = 0.412). However, when the patients were classified according to the severity of trauma, CMT measurements of severely injured patients were found significantly lower than both healthy and mildly traumatized eyes (P = 0.008, P = 0.004, respectively).

Conclusions
Early stage macular OCT findings at blunt eye trauma may change with the severity of trauma. We have determined an insignificant increase in the mildly traumatized group in CMT compared with the healthy group within the first 48 hours of blunt trauma as a sign of macular trauma. However, in the severely traumatized group in CMT values significantly decreased, which may be a sign of cellular loss. Further prospective studies with long follow-up periods are warranted to elucidate the effects of this decrease in thickness.
Efectos del programa Usura Cero en el desarrollo económico de MIPYMES en Estelí
Authors: Rodríguez Lanuza Ana Yansis , Herrera Lanzas Ruth Yamalí , Baldelomar Portillo Suyapa Masiel 
Published: February 2016

Esta investigación evalúa los efectos del Programa Usura Cero en el desarrollo económico de las MIPYMES creadas por la beneficiadas con el crédito en la ciudad de Estelí en el año 2013 y donde se propondrán estrategias para el fortalecimiento de las mismas. El enfoque de la investigación es cuantitativo. Se aplicaron entrevistas y encuestas para brindar veracidad a la información brindada en el documento.Según la problemática encontrada el programa ha beneficiado en gran cantidad los negocios de las mujeres pues en la actualidad los pequeños negocios se enfrentan con barreras para el acceso a financiamiento en especial cuando no pueden presentar pruebas de ingresos estables; además en la sociedad que vivimos la mujer recibe menos apoyo que el hombre para emprender un negocio también accede más difícilmente al crédito que ofrecen las entidades financieras.Se recomienda la incorporación de libros de ingresos y egresos, atraer nuevos clientes para mejorar su posición en el mercado, utilizar el crédito únicamente para la inversión en el negocio y ampliar su visión empresarial para reducir las debilidades y potenciar las fortalezas y oportunidades, que logren conducir al desarrollo de las MIPYMES.
«Dialogue social» et variétés des capitalismes: une analyse de long terme
Authors: Gazier Bernard , Boylaud Olivier 
Published: February 2016

Cet article vise à tester sur longue période l’hypothèse de convergence des relations industrielles dans les pays développés. Prenant acte de la persistance du débat sur ce point, notamment du fait de la crise actuelle, mais aussi de la diversité des conceptions sous-jacentes, il propose de partir d’un objet de comparaison non prédéterminé par une orientation préalable : le « dialogue social ». Ce concept, utilisé notamment dans le cadre du Bureau international du Travail (BIT), reste toutefois assez flou et appelle une réélaboration. Nous ajoutons aux pratiques d’information, concertation et de négociations collectives, des pratiques moins souvent prises en compte : les pratiques du paritarisme de gestion, de la codétermination, ainsi que l’intervention de l’État, cette dernière pouvant renforcer ou, au contraire, contraindre le dialogue social.Se limitant, pour la partie empirique, à l’ensemble formé par les négociations collectives, les pratiques de codétermination et l’intervention de l’État, l’article examine l’évolution de 19 pays de l’OCDE pour six indicateurs de 1985 à 2011. Le choix est fait de ne pas pondérer a priori l’importance de chaque indicateur, et de procéder à une analyse de données en composantes principales suivie d’une classification par nuées dynamiques. Il en résulte cinq groupes de pays, groupes dotés d’une assez forte stabilité, dont on étudie les transformations au cours du temps. Enfin, les groupes de pays sont examinés sous l’angle des performances économiques et sociales, en retenant la croissance du PIB et l’évolution du taux de chômage. On retrouve alors, sur une base non contrainte par une orientation a priori, les groupes classiquement distingués par les analyses comparatives : les groupes « anglo-saxons », « continentaux », « nordiques » et « méditerranéens », ainsi qu’un dernier groupe composé de la Suisse et du Japon. L’article conclut à la persistance de la diversité au regard du « dialogue social », y compris pour la période récente marquée par la crise.