bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health inequalities and contemporary youth: Young people’s accounts of the social determinants of health in an ‘austere meritocracy’
Authors: Fergie Gillian , Smith Katherine , Vaczy Caroline , Mackenzie Mhairi , Hilton Shona 
Published: October 2024

AbstractYoung people coming of age amidst widespread socioeconomic uncertainty have a unique vantage from which to interpret how social, economic and environmental factors might influence health and the generation of health inequalities. Despite this, only a small number of existing studies of ‘lay’ understandings of health inequalities have focused on young people. This arts‐based qualitative study builds on that body of research, in the context of the UK, to explore how young people make sense of health inequalities. Across two sites, Glasgow and Leeds, six groups of young people (39 in total) took part in online workshops to explore their perspectives. Throughout they engaged with population health research evidence; contributed to group discussions and responded creatively, via visual and performance art and by articulating their own views and experiences. In this paper, we explore how individual and structural explanations for health inequalities emerged, employing concepts from sociological studies of youth to shed light on these accounts. In particular, we argue that the concept of ‘austere meritocracy’, the persistence of narratives of aspiration and hard work as key to success against an increasingly hostile socio‐economic backdrop, helps explain young people’s perspectives on health inequalities in the UK.
The effect of handedness and biological sex on fingermark ridge height and volume as examined by 3D imaging
Authors: De Alcaraz‐Fossoul Josep , Dennehy Katherine E. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFor decades, detectives and forensic scientists have relied on friction ridge skin comparisons to identify individuals in criminal investigations. This method involves examining (latent) fingermarks, typically captured as two‐dimensional (2D) images, and comparing them with known inked impressions or scans. The comparisons focus on general patterns, the location and orientation of minutiae, and additional characteristics like scars or pores. However, this common process overlooks other potentially valuable factors, such as handedness, biological sex, and the time since deposition, which could provide crucial investigative leads, especially in cases with partial or unclear ridge patterns. This study explored the potential of three‐dimensional (3D) optical profilometry (OP) to observe changes in fingermarks ridge height and volume over 7 days while considering hand dominance and biological sex. The results indicated that all the assessed 3D metrics were generally consistent in detecting the effects of sex and handedness, mostly noticeable on aged fingermarks. Specifically, females and impressions from their non‐dominant hand exhibited higher values. Additionally, the influence of time was evident, with fresh fingermarks showing significantly larger ridges in terms of height and volume. These findings suggest that 3D OP can enhance the probative value of fingermarks by inferring additional characteristics such as sex, handedness, and the age of the impression. These activity‐level propositions could provide useful information in cases where only partial or poor‐quality fingermarks are recovered, providing new data dimensions that could lead to more comprehensive forensic examinations.
Review article: Electronic screening and brief intervention for alcohol‐related trauma: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Woliansky Matthew , Lee Kai , Tadakamadla Santosh 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Electronic Screening and Brief Intervention (e‐SBI) in changing or reducing alcohol consumption and/or related risk behaviours among trauma patients compared to standard of care. Following Cochrane Collaboration's guidelines and PRISMA recommendations, a search of electronic databases (MEDLINE via PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus and Web of Science) and grey literature (Google Scholar) was conducted. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) from 1995 to 2023 were included, focusing on e‐SBI for alcohol misuse in trauma patients. Quality assessment utilised the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Bayesian meta‐analysis was employed for synthesising outcomes. Four RCTs, totalling 2641 participants, were included. While e‐SBI demonstrated a significant reduction in problematic alcohol consumption up to 6 months post‐implementation, uncertainties were noted in risk behaviours determined by: average alcohol consumption, binge drinking and alcohol‐related consequences. Heterogeneity in measurements and population variations contributed to the nuanced findings. The review suggests that e‐SBI may be effective in reducing problematic alcohol consumption in the short term among alcohol‐related trauma patients. However, uncertainties and methodological variations highlight the need for standardised outcome measurements, consistent reporting and further exploration of e‐SBI's long‐term impact. Relevance to health promotion: Understanding the effectiveness of e‐SBI in managing alcohol‐related issues among trauma patients is crucial for health promotion. Despite uncertainties, the findings underscore the potential of e‐SBI as a scalable and accessible intervention. e‐SBI in the setting of the present study, emphasises the importance of tailored approaches in public health strategies.
Emerging strategies for treating medical device and wound‐associated biofilm infections
Authors: Wang Chenlong , Su Yajuan , Shahriar S. M. Shatil , Li Yu , Xie Jingwei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBacterial infections represent a significant global threat to human health, leading to considerable economic losses through increased healthcare costs and reduced productivity. One major challenge in treating these infections is the presence of biofilms ‐ structured bacterial communities that form protective barriers, making traditional treatments less effective. Additionally, the rise of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria has exacerbated treatment difficulties. To address these challenges, researchers are developing and exploring innovative approaches to combat biofilm‐related infections. This mini‐review highlights recent advancements in the following key areas: surface anti‐adhesion technologies, electricity, photo/acoustic‐active materials, endogenous mimicking agents, and innovative drug delivery systems. These strategies aim to prevent biofilm formation, disrupt existing biofilms, and enhance the efficacy of antimicrobial treatments. Currently, these approaches show great potential for applications in medical fields such as medical device and wound – associated biofilm infections. By summarizing these developments, this mini‐review provides a comprehensive resource for researchers seeking to advance the management and treatment of biofilm‐associated infections.
Comparative analysis of clinical treatment outcomes: Breath‐hold vs. free‐breathing techniques in liver stereotactic body radiotherapy
Authors: Morishima Kosuke , Yamashita Hideomi , Noyama Tomoyuki , Katano Atsuto 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to clarify the safety and efficacy of breath‐hold irradiation in liver stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT).MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on 57 consecutive patients who received SBRT for hepatocellular carcinoma or liver metastases between 2013 and 2021. Breath‐hold irradiation was implemented for patients treated after April 2020.ResultsThe median follow‐up period for all patients was 16.4 months (IQR: 7.36–20.9). The 2‐year overall survival rate was 64.4% (95% CI: 47.4–77.2), and the local control rate was 84.3% (95% CI: 69.7–92.3) for all patients. The 1‐year overall survival was 80.0% (95% CI: 60.8–90.5) versus 82.0% (95% CI: 53.5–93.9) in the free‐respiratory (FR) group versus the breath‐hold (BH) group, respectively (P = 0.60). The 1‐year local control rates were 78.1% (95% CI: 57.5–89.5) in the FR group and 95.7% (95% CI: 72.9–99.4) in the BH group, respectively (P = 0.16). Radiation‐induced liver injury, defined by an escalation of ≥2 in Child–Pugh score, was observed in four patients within each group (FR 13% vs. BH 15%). There were no gastrointestinal adverse events of Grade 3 or higher.ConclusionBreath‐hold irradiation can be safely administered and has demonstrated clinical potential in improving local control. Further research into dose escalation using breath‐hold techniques is warranted.
Sibling socialization of alcohol use during adolescence: An integrated model of sibling influence processes
Authors: Whiteman Shawn D. , Zhou Weimiao , Serang Sarfaraz , Maiya Sahitya , Kelly Brian C. , Mustillo Sarah A. , Maggs Jennifer L. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackground and aimsResearch demonstrates that siblings, especially older siblings, make unique contributions to adolescents' substance use above and beyond shared genetics and shared parenting. Older siblings' influences on younger adolescent siblings' alcohol use operate through both direct and indirect pathways. Using three waves of longitudinal data, the present study tested an integrated model of sibling influence processes focused on the linkages between older adolescent siblings' earlier alcohol use and younger adolescent siblings' later alcohol use.DesignLongitudinal study using data collected from families on three occasions: Time 1 (March 2019–February 2020), Time 2 (July 2020–February 2021) and Time 3 (November 2021–February 2022) via online surveys.SettingFamilies resided in five midwestern states in the US (Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin).ParticipantsParticipants included two adolescent‐aged siblings and one parent from 682 families (n = 2046 persons).MeasurementsAlcohol use by adolescents and parents was assessed at Time 1; younger siblings' social alcohol expectancies and perceptions of modeling were measured at Time 2; and younger siblings' alcohol use was measured at Time 3.FindingsOlder siblings' earlier alcohol use predicted younger siblings' later drinking both directly [b = 0.15, standard error (SE) = 0.04, β = 0.17, P < 0.001] and indirectly through younger siblings' social alcohol expectancies [δ = 0.02, SE = 0.008, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.003, 0.03]. The direct (δ = −0.14, SE = 0.07, 95% CI = −0.27, −0.01) and indirect (δ = 0.03, SE = 0.02, 95% CI = 0.0001, 0.06) links were further moderated by younger siblings' reports of sibling modeling, but not by gender composition of the sibling dyad or the interaction of modeling and gender composition.ConclusionsOlder siblings' alcohol use appears to influence younger siblings' later alcohol use directly, as well as indirectly through younger siblings' expectancies about alcohol. The global context of the sibling relationship, in this case sibling modeling, may further amplify or dampen these pathways of influence.
Sleep‐disordered breathing – clinical spectrum
Authors: Mohammadieh AM , Chan ASL , Cistulli PA 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe clinical spectrum of sleep‐disordered breathing comprises a range of diverse conditions including obstructive sleep apnoea, central sleep apnoea and sleep‐related hypoventilation syndromes. These distinct conditions have specific diagnostic features and are managed differently from one another. Therefore, it is useful for dental practitioners to have a working knowledge of sleep‐disordered breathing beyond that of uncomplicated obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). This review paper summarizes the diagnosis and management of commonly encountered clinical sleep‐disordered breathing syndromes, with a particular focus on management from a dental perspective.
Association of an EGFLAM non‐synonymous polymorphism with marbling in Limousin cattle
Authors: Kombolo‐Ngah Moïse , Taussat Sébastien , Féménia Maureen , Forestier Lionel , Hocquette Jean‐François , Rocha Dominique 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMarbling is one of the most important beef quality traits. An association between a non‐synonymous variant located in EGFLAM (EGF‐like fibronectin and laminin G) and marbling in Hanwoo cattle has recently been published. We therefore investigated the association between this SNP (rs109436056 SNP) and marbling in Limousin cattle. A total of 355 animals were phenotyped for marbling and genotyped for this SNP. Significant association (p < 0.05) was observed, in which genotype CC exhibited higher marbling. This SNP could be used for the genetic improvement of marbling in Limousin cattle.
Early‐life exposure to residential greenness and risk of asthma in a U.S. bronchiolitis cohort
Authors: Feleszko Wojciech , Makrinioti Heidi , Nalej Marta , Ooka Tadao , Zhu Zhaozhong , Sullivan Ashley F. , Jartti Tuomas , Hasegawa Kohei , Camargo Carlos A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionSevere bronchiolitis (i.e., bronchiolitis requiring hospitalization) is linked to childhood asthma development. Despite a growing understanding of risk factors for developing post‐bronchiolitis asthma, protective factors remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether exposure to residential greenness between birth and bronchiolitis hospitalization is associated with asthma and atopic asthma development by age 6 years.MethodsWe analyzed a US severe bronchiolitis cohort from hospitalization to age 6 years, investigating how the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and chlorophyll index green (CI green), measured in small (100 m) and large (500 m) radiuses around homes, relate to asthma and atopic asthma by age 6 years. We also explored whether maternal antibiotic use, daycare attendance, and respiratory virus type during hospitalization act as effect modifiers.ResultsThe study cohort included 861 infants, with 239 (28%) developing asthma by age 6 years—152 atopic, 17 nonatopic, and 70 unclassified. Early life residential exposure to high NDVI and CI green levels was associated with lower odds of asthma (ORAdj for NDVI within a 100 m radius, 0.18; 95% CI, 0.05–0.78; and ORAdj for CI green levels within a 100 m radius, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.31–0.90). Associations also were significant for the development of atopic asthma (ORAdj 0.16; 95% CI, 0.03–0.96; and ORAdj 0.46; 95% CI, 0.25–0.92; respectively). Results were similar for the 500 m radius exposures. No effect modification was noted.ConclusionIn a U.S. bronchiolitis cohort, exposure to residential greenness between birth and bronchiolitis hospitalization is linked to lower asthma and atopic asthma risk by age 6 years.
Gpr55 deficiency crucially alters cardiomyocyte homeostasis and counteracts angiotensin II induced maladaption in female mice
Authors: Schopohl Brigitte , Kohlhaas Michael , Nickel Alexander G. , Schiuma Anna‐Florentine , Maas Sanne L. , van der Vorst Emiel P. C. , Shia Yi Xuan , Maack Christoph , Steffens Sabine , Puhl Sarah‐Lena 
Published: October 2024

Background and PurposeCannabis stimulates several G‐protein‐coupled‐receptors and causes bradycardia and hypotension upon sustained consumption. Moreover, in vitro studies suggest an interference of cannabinoid‐signalling with cardiomyocyte contractility and hypertrophy. We aimed at revealing a functional contribution of the cannabinoid‐sensitive receptor GPR55 to cardiomyocyte homeostasis and neurohumorally induced hypertrophy in vivo.Experimental ApproachGpr55−/− and wild‐type (WT) mice were characterized after 28‐day angiotensin II (AngII; 1·μg·kg−1 min−1) or vehicle infusion. In isolated adult Gpr55−/− and WT cardiomyocytes, mitochondrial function was assessed under naïve conditions, while cytosolic Ca2+ handling was additionally determined following application of the selective GPR55 antagonist CID16020046.Key ResultsGpr55 deficiency did not affect angiotensin II (AngII) mediated hypertrophic growth, yet, especially in females, it alleviated maladaptive pro‐hypertrophic and ‐inflammatory gene expression and improved inotropy and adrenergic responsiveness compared to WT. In‐depth analyses implied increased cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations and transient amplitudes, and accelerated sarcomere contraction kinetics in Gpr55−/− myocytes, which could be mimicked by GPR55 blockade with CID16020046 in female WT cells. Moreover, Gpr55 deficiency up‐regulated factors involved in glucose and fatty acid transport independent of the AngII challenge, accelerated basal mitochondrial respiration and reduced basal protein kinase (PK) A, G and C activity and phospholemman (PLM) phosphorylation.Conclusions and ImplicationsOur study suggests GPR55 as crucial regulator of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and homeostasis presumably by regulating PKC/PKA‐PLM and PKG signalling, and identifies the receptor as potential target to counteract maladaptation, adrenergic desensitization and metabolic shifts as unfavourable features of the hypertrophied heart in females.
Spheroid culture to select theoretical therapeutic drugs in intravascular large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Takai Mika , Shimada Kazuyuki , Furukawa Katsuya , Yamaga Yusuke , Yoshiyama Soichi , Kagaya Yusuke , Suzuki Takashi , Hayashi Kazuhiko , Shimada Satoko , Karube Kennosuke , Kiyoi Hitoshi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntravascular large B‐cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is a rare type of extranodal large B‐cell lymphoma that is characterized by the proliferation of lymphoma cells in the lumina of small vessels. Recent progress uncovering the genetic characteristics associated with MYD88/CD79B mutations has stimulated interest in the use of drugs targeting B‐cell receptor signaling, including Bruton's tyrosine kinase. However, difficulties in culturing ex vivo IVLBCL cells has hampered research on the development of novel therapies. In the present study, we demonstrated the establishment of an ex vivo culture system of IVLBCL cells obtained from patient‐derived xenograft (PDX) models. The spheroid culture enabled us to culture IVLBCL PDX cells for more than 10 days and to explore the efficacy of drug treatments acting on these cells. We found that carfilzomib and ibrutinib were effective for treating IVLBCL in ex vivo experiments and conducted in vivo analyses to assess the efficacy of these drugs. Although the efficacy of carfilzomib was difficult to confirm due to its toxicity in our models, ibrutinib showed comparable efficacy to a standard combination of chemotherapy drugs. Together, our data provide a new culture method for IVLBCL PDX cells and a rationale for translating ibrutinib to clinical use in IVLBCL patients.
Pathomechanism of Adverse Reactions to Biological Treatment of Inflammatory Skin Conditions
Authors: Li Lichen , Naisbitt Dean J. , Sun Yonghu , Zhang Furen 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBiological agents are widely used across medicine, including for immune‐mediated skin conditions such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. When used to treat a relevant pathological process, they demonstrate impressive efficacy and credible safety, helping to achieve remission and improved function and quality of life. However, with their expanded use, awareness and understanding of adverse reactions to biologicals have also increased. Herein, we discuss the pathomechanism of adverse reactions to biological agents used to treat skin conditions and apply these to Pichler's classification system. This classification differentiates five distinct types, namely overstimulation (type α), hypersensitivity or immunogenicity (β), immunodeviation (γ), cross‐reactivity (δ) and nonimmunologic adverse reactions (ε). This classification covers most types of adverse reactions associated with use of biological agents and could be used to better understand the reaction pathogenesis and manage the clinical features of biological adverse effects.
Role of Surgery in Potentially Resectable Small‐Cell Lung Cancer Based on the Eighth Edition of the TNM Classification: A Population Study of the US SEER Database
Authors: Guo Xiaokang , Wang Bin , Sun Jian , Li Ji , Jia Wenxiao , Zhu Hui , Guo Hongbo 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThis study aimed to identify a specific SCLC population that would benefit from surgery.MethodsThis study utilized patient data retrieved from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database spanning 2010 to 2017. To mitigate clinical biases, the propensity score matching (PSM) technique was employed. Separate cohorts were aligned using PSM according to the AJCC 8th edition TNM classification. The Kaplan–Meier method and a competing risk model were applied to evaluate overall survival (OS) and lung cancer–specific survival (LCSS), respectively.OutcomesAmong the 3394 patients with potentially resectable SCLC included in the study, 3062 underwent chemoradiotherapy and 332 underwent surgical treatment with adjuvant chemotherapy. Surgery was associated with better OS (median OS: 49 months; 95% CI: 35–63 months vs. 27 months; 95% CI: 21–33 months, p < 0.001) and LCSS (SHR, 0.578; 95% CI: 0.411–0.815, p < 0.001) in stage I patients after PSM. However, there was no significant difference in OS and LCSS between the surgery and nonsurgery groups in stage II and III patients after PSM. In the entire cohort, lobectomy was associated with improved OS (median OS: 48.6 vs. 28.7 months, p < 0.0001), but not LCSS (SHR, 0.696; 95% CI: 0.466–1.040, p = 0.078) compared with sublobar resection after PSM.ConclusionSurgery with adjuvant chemotherapy significantly improved the survival prognosis of patients with early‐stage SCLC. However, surgical treatment should be carefully considered in patients with stage II/III disease. Lobectomy is oncologically equal to sublobar resection.
Co‐production in action: Navigating the research‐to‐implementation space in wildlife conservation through a Community of Practice
Authors: Livingston Sami , Dayer Ashley A. , Zebrowski Allyssa , Sterling Abby , Schillerstrom Nolan , Archibald Thomas , Chaves Willandia 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEffective conservation practices require addressing the divide between research and implementation. Co‐production, which emphasizes collaboration and diverse knowledge exchange, is increasingly recognized as valuable in conservation to address this challenge, yet empirical insights remain limited. This case study explores using a Community of Practice (CoP) as an avenue for facilitating co‐production in shorebird conservation. Centering researchers and practitioners within implementation initiatives, we evaluate factors enabling a successful CoP and barriers hindering members' experiences. Capacity emerged as the predominant barrier, while the leading factors contributing to CoP success were having a dedicated space to support labor division, relationship building, and informal learning among CoP members. Leveraging our evaluation insights, we offer practical recommendations for structuring a CoP to optimize these benefits and advance the integration of CoPs and co‐production principles in conservation practice.