bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework needs headline indicators that can actually monitor forest integrity
Authors: Pillay Rajeev , Watson James E M , Goetz Scott J , Hansen Andrew J , Jantz Patrick A , Ramírez-Delgado Juan Pablo , Grantham Hedley S , Ferrier Simon , Venter Oscar 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Intact native forests under negligible large-scale human pressures (i.e. high-integrity forests) are critical for biodiversity conservation. However, high-integrity forests are declining worldwide due to deforestation and forest degradation. Recognizing the importance of high-integrity ecosystems (including forests), the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) has directly included the maintenance and restoration of ecosystem integrity, in addition to ecosystem extent, in its goals and targets. Yet, the headline indicators identified to help nations monitor forest ecosystems and their integrity can currently track changes only in (1) forest cover or extent, and (2) the risk of ecosystem collapse using the IUCN Red List of Ecosystems (RLE). These headline indicators are unlikely to facilitate the monitoring of forest integrity for two reasons. First, focusing on forest cover not only misses the impacts of anthropogenic degradation on forests but can also fail to detect the effect of positive management actions in enhancing forest integrity. Second, the risk of ecosystem collapse as measured by the ordinal RLE index (from Least Concern to Critically Endangered) makes it unlikely that changes to the continuum of forest integrity over space and time would be reported by nations. Importantly, forest ecosystems in many biodiverse African and Asian nations remain unassessed with the RLE. As such, many nations will likely resort to monitoring forest cover alone and therefore inadequately report progress against forest integrity goals and targets. We concur that monitoring changes in forest cover and the risk of ecosystem collapse are indeed vital aspects of conservation monitoring. Yet, they are insufficient for the specific purpose of tracking progress against crucial ecosystem integrity components of the GBF’s goals. We discuss the pitfalls of merely monitoring forest cover, a likely outcome with the current headline indicators. Augmenting forest cover monitoring with indicators that capture change in absolute area along the continuum of forest integrity would help monitor progress toward achieving area-based targets related to both integrity and extent of global forests.
Indonesian WAIS-IV Cultural Research
Authors: Suwartono Christiany , Santoso Justinus Budi , Fujii Daryl 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
This study examined regional differences between Indonesians on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV Indonesia (WAIS-IV ID) and, in comparison, to the US. Three hypotheses were examined: a) Java will demonstrate stronger WAIS-IV ID performances than non-Java (NJ) samples. b) WAIS-IV ID performances will be correlated with educational attainment. c) Indonesians with higher levels of education will perform comparably to US samples.

Method
The WAIS-IV was translated into Bahasa Indonesia and administered to a convenience sample representative of the Indonesian population breakdown by island. Comparisons between Java and NJ samples were analyzed by analyses of covariance controlling for education attainment. Comparisons between the Indonesian and US samples were analyzed by one sample t-tests.

Results
The Java sample performed significantly higher than the NJ sample. Performances for the Java but not the NJ sample significantly correlated with educational attainment. Indonesians performed significantly lower than the US on 19/20 WAIS-IV ID subtests measures. However, the Java sample demonstrated comparable performances with the US with both countries scoring significantly higher than the other on select subtests and indexes. The Java sample demonstrated lower performances for older age cohorts with increasingly stronger scores across younger age cohorts. This pattern was paralleled by increases in educational attainment.

Conclusions
All hypotheses were supported except for correlations between educational attainment and WAIS-IV ID performances which was significant for the Java sample but not the NJ sample. Findings were interpreted within the context of economics and educational attainment and quality.
Reflectance confocal microscopy in diagnosing basal cell carcinoma in the UK: a prospective observational single-centre trial
Authors: Stevens Howard P , Pampena Riccardo , Farnetani Francesca , Pellacani Giovanni , Angus Colin , El-Jabbour Joseph N 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Previous work with reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) has shown high sensitivity and specificity for basal cell carcinoma (BCC); however, to date, there have been few studies in UK cohorts.

Objectives
To assess the potential of RCM to accurately diagnose BCC in a private UK secondary care, single-clinician setting, and to investigate the potential of RCM as a routine diagnostic procedure.

Methods
In total, 522 lesions where BCC featured in the differential diagnosis after clinical examination were prospectively recruited; 78 lesions were subsequently excluded. We used an arm-mounted confocal microscope unless access to the lesion was awkward and required a handheld probe to be used. The likelihood of BCC was scored for each modality (clinical examination, dermoscopy and RCM), with each diagnosis building on the last. Histology was assessed by a single blinded histopathologist. The study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03509415).

Results
The analysis included 444 lesions (327 BCCs) from 326 patients. The median maximum lesion diameter was 6 mm. The sensitivity and specificity for BCC were 69.4% [95% confidence interval (CI) 64.1–74.4] and 53.0% (95% CI 43.6–62.3), respectively, for clinical examination alone; 91.8% (95% CI 88.3–94.5) and 41.0% (95% CI 32.0–50.5), respectively, for clinical examination plus dermoscopy; and 98.8% (95% CI 96.9–99.7) and 85.5% (95% CI 77.8–91.3), respectively, for clinical examination plus dermoscopy plus RCM. For RCM, the positive predictive value in diagnosing BCC was 95.0% (95% CI 92.1–97.1) and the negative predictive value was 96.2% (95% CI 90.4–98.9). The area under the curve increased from 0.61 to 0.66 to 0.92 as the respective modalities were added.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates that RCM can reliably and quickly diagnose BCC, and that the addition of RCM to dermoscopy permits higher diagnostic accuracy for BCC in the UK. The specificity and sensitivity of the RCM diagnosis did not alter significantly with experience, reflecting the ease and speed of acquiring the skills required to use this modality.
There and back again: molecular phylogenetics of the Brazilian endemic Psyllocarpus (Rubiaceae: Spermacoceae) supports a circumscription of the genus based on its original concept
Authors: Carmo João A M , Reginato Marcelo , Sobrado Sandra V , Miguel Laila M , Janssens Steven B , Dessein Steven , Salas Roberto M , Simões André O 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The Spermacoce clade, found primarily in the Americas, poses taxonomic challenges, notably in the unclear boundaries of Borreria and Spermacoce. These genera intertwine with smaller, morphologically distinct ones, including Psyllocarpus, a Brazilian endemic redefined into two sections. Psyllocarpus sect. Psyllocarpus, being based on the original genus delineation, encompasses nine species in the Cerrado and campo rupestre of eastern Brazil, and P. sect. Amazonica includes three species in the Amazonian campinas, while Psyllocarpus intermedius remains unclassified. Our phylogenetic study, sampling extensively across the Spermacoce clade for nuclear ribosomal (ETS and ITS) and plastid (rps16 and trnL-trnF) DNA regions and using a variety of approaches to analyse our dataset, revealed that Psyllocarpus is not monophyletic. Notably, P. campinorum (representing P. sect. Amazonica) and P. intermedius are distinct lineages in the Spermacoce clade but fall outside Psyllocarpus. Conversely, P. sect. Psyllocarpus forms a well-supported clade, closely related to Staelia. Therefore, Psyllocarpus has to be circumscribed based on its original concept, excluding P. sect. Amazonica and P. intermedius. This defines the genus as a distinct, easily diagnosable taxon. We provide a synoptic list of names and nomenclatural types of Psyllocarpus to formalize our results, with an updated description of the genus.
Increases in amyloid-β42 slow cognitive and clinical decline in Alzheimer’s disease trials
Authors: Abanto Jesus , Dwivedi Alok K , Imbimbo Bruno P , Espay Alberto J 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Positive effects of new anti-amyloid-β (Aβ) monoclonal antibodies in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have been attributed to brain amyloid reduction. However, most anti-Aβ antibodies also increase the CSF levels of the 42-amino acid isoform (Aβ42). We evaluated the associations of changes in CSF Aβ42 and brain Aβ-PET with cognitive and clinical end points in randomized trials of anti-Aβ drugs that lowered (β- and γ-secretase inhibitors) or increased CSF Aβ42 levels (anti-Aβ monoclonal antibodies) to test the hypothesis that post-treatment increases in CSF Aβ42 levels are independently associated with cognitive and clinical outcomes.
From long-term (≥12 months) randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials of anti-Aβ drugs published until November 2023, we calculated the post-treatment versus baseline difference in ADAS-Cog (cognitive subscale of the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale) and CDR-SB (Clinical Dementia Rate-Sum of Boxes) and z-standardized changes in CSF Aβ42 and Aβ-PET Centiloids (CL). We estimated the effect size [regression coefficients (RCs) and confidence intervals (CIs)] and the heterogeneity (I2) of the associations between AD biomarkers and cognitive and clinical end points using random-effects meta-regression models.
We included 25 966 subjects with AD from 24 trials. In random-effects analysis, increases in CSF Aβ42 were associated with slower decline in ADAS-Cog (RC: −0.55; 95% CI: −0.89, −0.21, P = 0.003, I2 = 61.4%) and CDR-SB (RC: −0.16; 95% CI: −0.26, −0.06, P = 0.002, I2 = 34.5%). Similarly, decreases in Aβ–PET were associated with slower decline in ADAS-Cog (RC: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.48, 0.89, P &lt; 0.001, I2 = 0%) and CDR-SB (RC: 0.26; 95% CI: 0.18, 0.33, P &lt; 0.001, I2 = 0%). Sensitivity analyses yielded similar results.
Higher CSF Aβ42 levels after exposure to anti-Aβ drugs are independently associated with slowing cognitive impairment and clinical decline. Increases in Aβ42 may represent a mechanism of potential benefit of anti-Aβ monoclonal antibodies in AD.
Causal relationships of grey matter structures in multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: insights from Mendelian randomization
Authors: Sun Jie , Xie Yingying , Li Tongli , Zhao Yunfei , Zhao Wenjin , Yu Zeyang , Wang Shaoying , Zhang Yujie , Xue Hui , Chen Yayuan , Sun Zuhao , Zhang Zhang , Liu Yaou , Zhang Ningnannan , Liu Feng 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder are two debilitating inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the CNS. Although grey matter alterations have been linked to both multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder in observational studies, it is unclear whether these associations indicate causal relationships between these diseases and grey matter changes. Therefore, we conducted a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis to investigate the causal relationships between 202 grey matter imaging–derived phenotypes (33 224 individuals) and multiple sclerosis (47 429 cases and 68 374 controls) as well as neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (215 cases and 1244 controls). Our results suggested that genetically predicted multiple sclerosis was positively associated with the surface area of the left parahippocampal gyrus (β = 0.018, P = 2.383 × 10−4) and negatively associated with the volumes of the bilateral caudate (left: β = −0.020, P = 7.203 × 10−5; right: β = −0.021, P = 3.274 × 10−5) and putamen nuclei (left: β = −0.030, P = 2.175 × 10−8; right: β = −0.024, P = 1.047 × 10−5). In addition, increased neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder risk was associated with an increased surface area of the left paracentral gyrus (β = 0.023, P = 1.025 × 10−4). Conversely, no evidence was found for the causal impact of grey matter imaging–derived phenotypes on disease risk in the opposite direction. We provide suggestive evidence that genetically predicted multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder are associated with increased cortical surface area and decreased subcortical volume in specific regions. Our findings shed light on the associations of grey matter alterations with the risk of multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.
White matter microstructure and functional connectivity in the brains of infants with Turner syndrome
Authors: Blanchett Reid , Chen Haitao , Vlasova Roza M , Cornea Emil , Maza Maria , Davenport Marsha , Reinhartsen Debra , DeRamus Margaret , Edmondson Pretzel Rebecca , Gilmore John H , Hooper Stephen R , Styner Martin A , Gao Wei , Knickmeyer Rebecca C 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Turner syndrome, caused by complete or partial loss of an X-chromosome, is often accompanied by specific cognitive challenges. Magnetic resonance imaging studies of adults and children with Turner syndrome suggest these deficits reflect differences in anatomical and functional connectivity. However, no imaging studies have explored connectivity in infants with Turner syndrome. Consequently, it is unclear when in development connectivity differences emerge. To address this gap, we compared functional connectivity and white matter microstructure of 1-year-old infants with Turner syndrome to typically developing 1-year-old boys and girls. We examined functional connectivity between the right precentral gyrus and five regions that show reduced volume in 1-year old infants with Turner syndrome compared to controls and found no differences. However, exploratory analyses suggested infants with Turner syndrome have altered connectivity between right supramarginal gyrus and left insula and right putamen. To assess anatomical connectivity, we examined diffusivity indices along the superior longitudinal fasciculus and found no differences. However, an exploratory analysis of 46 additional white matter tracts revealed significant group differences in nine tracts. Results suggest that the first year of life is a window in which interventions might prevent connectivity differences observed at later ages, and by extension, some of the cognitive challenges associated with Turner syndrome.
Achievement of fluid removal targets during intermittent renal replacement therapy in the intensive care unit
Authors: Gouin Michel , Joyal Rose , Lamothe Mathilde , Luo Yi Hui , Fan Xin Yi , Huard Karel , Côté Jean-Maxime , Neyra Javier A , Wald Ron , Beaubien-Souligny William 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
In patients with acute kidney injury (AKI), fluid balance management often relies on the prescription and achievement of fluid removal using intermittent renal replacement therapy (IRRT). This study aimed to describe characteristics associated with the failure to achieve target fluid removal (FATFR).

Methods
This is a retrospective cohort study including IRRT sessions of conventional duration (&lt;5 hours) performed for AKI in the intensive care unit (ICU) from 2017 to 2022 at a tertiary academic center. FATFR-50% was defined as fluid removal of &lt;50% of the prescribed target. Characteristics of patients and sessions, as well as outcomes at 90 days were collected. The causes of FATFR were manually adjudicated.

Results
A total of 291 patients and 1280 IRRT sessions in the ICU were included. FATFR-50% occurred in 7.3% of sessions and 19.2% of patients had at least one session with FATFR-50% during the first week of IRRT. Sessions with FATFR-50% were characterized by a higher occurrence of intradialytic hypotension (24.2% vs 60.2%, P &lt; .001) and a higher planned fluid removal (6.19 vs 5.27 m/kg/h, P = .02). Multiple episodes of FATFR-50% were associated with a positive cumulative fluid balance (β 3876 (CI 2053–5899) P &lt; .001). At 90-day follow-up, FATFR-50% during the first week after IRRT initiation was independently associated with fewer ICU- and hospital-free days, as well as with a higher risk of mortality (odds ratio 2.01 CI 1.04–3.89, P = .04).

Conclusions
FATFR occurs in about one out of five critically ill patients within the first week of IRRT and is associated with adverse clinical outcomes.
Measuring Perceptions of School Lockdown Drills: Development and Validation of the Lockdown Impact Scale for Caregivers (LIS-C)
Authors: Dailey Stephanie F , Campbell Andrew , Mjavanadze Eter 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Understanding the extent to which caregivers perceive active shooter lockdown drills in K–12 schools as physically and emotionally safe for their children is pertinent, yet little empirical evidence exists. Negative parental perceptions of drills can lead to decreased student participation and compliance and amplify public concerns associated with school safety. This article introduces the Lockdown Impact Scale for Caregivers (LIS-C), a novel instrument developed to assess caregiver perceptions of K–12 school lockdown drills. Utilizing a national sample of 999 caregivers, this study validates the LIS-C through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, revealing a three-dimensional construct that includes perceived impact, school safety, and expressed concern. The development and validation of the LIS-C provide school-based mental health professionals with a psychometrically sound tool to address caregiver concerns, paving the way for a more informed and intentional implementation of lockdown drills. This research underscores the pertinence of examining caregiver perceptions to foster a safer and more supportive school environment.
A computational study on the influence of antegrade accessory pathway location on the 12-lead electrocardiogram in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
Authors: Gillette Karli , Winkler Benjamin , Kurath-Koller Stefan , Scherr Daniel , Vigmond Edward J , Bär Markus , Plank Gernot 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome is a cardiovascular disease characterized by abnormal atrio-ventricular conduction facilitated by accessory pathways (APs). Invasive catheter ablation of the AP represents the primary treatment modality. Accurate localization of APs is crucial for successful ablation outcomes, but current diagnostic algorithms based on the 12 lead electrocardiogram (ECG) often struggle with precise determination of AP locations. In order to gain insight into the mechanisms underlying localization failures observed in current diagnostic algorithms, we employ a virtual cardiac model to elucidate the relationship between AP location and ECG morphology. We first introduce a cardiac model of electrophysiology that was specifically tailored to represent antegrade APs in the form of a short atrio-ventricular bypass tract. Locations of antegrade APs were then automatically swept across both ventricles in the virtual model to generate a synthetic ECG database consisting of 9271 signals. Regional grouping of antegrade APs revealed overarching morphological patterns originating from diverse cardiac regions. We then applied variance-based sensitivity analysis relying on polynomial chaos expansion on the ECG database to mathematically quantify how variation in AP location and timing relates to morphological variation in the 12 lead ECG. We utilized our mechanistic virtual model to showcase limitations of AP localization using standard ECG-based algorithms and provide mechanistic explanations through exemplary simulations. Our findings highlight the potential of virtual models of cardiac electrophysiology not only to deepen our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome but also to potentially enhance the diagnostic accuracy of ECG-based algorithms and facilitate personalized treatment planning.
Role of male gonad-enriched microRNAs in sperm production in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Lu Lu , Abbott Allison L 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Germ cell development and gamete production in animals require small RNA pathways. While studies indicate that microRNAs (miRNAs) are necessary for normal sperm production and function, the specific roles for individual miRNAs are largely unknown. Here, we use small RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of dissected gonads and functional analysis of new loss-of-function alleles to identify functions for miRNAs in the control of fecundity and sperm production in Caenorhabditis elegans males and hermaphrodites. We describe a set of 29 male gonad-enriched miRNAs and identify a set of individual miRNAs (mir-58.1 and mir-235) and a miRNA cluster (mir-4807-4810.1) that are required for optimal sperm production at 20°C and a set of miRNAs (mir-49, mir-57, mir-83, mir-261, and mir-357/358) that are required for sperm production at 25°C. We observed defects in meiotic progression in mutants missing mir-58.1, mir-83, mir-235, and mir-4807-4810.1, which may contribute to the observed defects in sperm production. Further, analysis of multiple mutants of these miRNAs suggested genetic interactions between these miRNAs. This study provides insights on the regulatory roles of miRNAs that promote optimal sperm production and fecundity in males and hermaphrodites.
The exploration of the application of smart solar pavilions in green urban public facilities
Authors: Tao Zhang , Yan Liu Guang , Bo Zhang Li , An Hu Cong , Wei Xie , Zhi Gong Xin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The low-carbon era imposes new requirements on traditional public facilities. Public facilities need to simultaneously consider aesthetics, practicality, intelligent usage, and low-carbon emissions, among many other requirements. Currently, smart public facilities, as an integral part of smart cities, still lack relevant design solutions, particularly in practical applications, with most research remaining at the theoretical stage. Traditional designs are no longer able to meet the demands of modern green urban public facilities. To address this issue, this study proposes the concept of smart photovoltaic pavilions as a feasible solution based on the theoretical foundation of intelligent public facilities. This project designs four types of solar pavilions suitable for different scenarios, and one set of these designs is practically implemented in real-life situations. Furthermore, environmental data from the surrounding area has been collected over a period of time, contributing to the accumulation of future databases. This project provides an important case study for promoting public understanding of low-carbon development requirements and cultivating awareness of zero-carbon living. It also offers efficient low-carbon and zero-carbon technological solutions to society, serving as a demonstration for exploring paths to achieve carbon neutrality.