bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Antiretroviral Therapy Prescription and Viral Suppression in the United States, 2009–2013
Authors: Beer Linda , Bradley Heather , Mattson Christine L. , Johnson Christopher H. , Hoots Brooke , Shouse Roy L. ,   for the Medical Monitoring Project
Published: July 2016

Objectives:
To examine trends in racial/ethnic disparities in antiretroviral therapy (ART) prescription and viral suppression among HIV-infected persons in care, overall and among men who have sex with men (MSM), from 2009 to 2013.

Design:
The Medical Monitoring Project (MMP) is a complex sample survey of HIV-infected adults receiving medical care in the United States.

Methods:
We used weighted interview and medical record data collected June 2009–May 2014 to estimate the prevalence of ART prescription and viral suppression among racial/ethnic groups overall and among MSM.

Results:
We found significant increases in ART prescription and viral suppression among all racial/ethnic groups from 2009 to 2013, both overall and among MSM. By 2013, overall and among MSM, the Hispanic–white disparity in ART prescription was nonexistent, and the black–white disparity was not significant after accounting for differences between blacks and whites in age and length of HIV diagnosis. Despite reductions in racial/ethnic disparities in viral suppression over the time period, significant disparities remained among the total population, even after adjusting for differences in racial/ethnic group characteristics. Encouragingly, however, there was no significant Hispanic–white disparity in viral suppression among MSM by 2013.

Conclusions:
Despite significant improvements in ART prescription and viral suppression in recent years, racial and ethnic disparities persist, particularly for black persons. If the United States is to achieve the National HIV/AIDS Strategy goal of reducing HIV-related health disparities, continued efforts to accelerate the rate of improvement in ART prescription and viral suppression among Hispanic and black persons may need to be prioritized.
New aspects of myofibrillar myopathies
Authors: Kley Rudolf A. , Olivé Montse , Schröder Rolf 
Published: July 2016

Purpose of review
Myofibrillar myopathies (MFMs) are hereditary muscle disorders characterized by distinct histopathological features. This review provides an overview of recent research with respect to new disease genes, clinical phenotypes, insights into pathomechanisms and therapeutic strategies.

Recent findings
Beyond the known disease genes DES, FLNC, MYOT, CRYAB, ZASP, BAG3, FHL1 and TTN, mutations in PLEC, ACTA1, HSPB8 and DNAJB6 have also been associated with a MFM phenotype. Proteomic analysis revealed new information about the composition of protein aggregates in myotilinopathy and identified a new diagnostic marker. New animal models mirror central aspects of MFM pathology and novel therapeutic strategies for treatment of MFM were evaluated in cell and animal models.

Summary
MFMs are an expanding and numerically significant group of protein aggregate diseases with marked clinical and genetic heterogeneity. Though no specific therapy is currently available, the generation of patient-mimicking cell and animal models now paves the way for the preclinical evaluation of novel therapeutic strategies.
Primate ventromedial prefrontal cortex neurons continuously encode the willingness to engage in reward directed behavior
Authors: San Galli Aurore , Varazzani Chiara , Abitbol Raphaelle , Pessiglione Mathias , Bouret Sebastien 
Published: July 2016

AbstractTo survive in their complex environment, primates must integrate information over time and adjust their actions beyond immediate events. The underlying neurobiological processes, however, remain unclear. Here, we assessed the contribution of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC), a brain region important for value-based decision making. We recorded single VMPFC neurons in monkeys performing a task where obtaining fluid rewards required squeezing a grip. The willingness to perform the action was modulated not only by visual information about Effort and Reward levels, but also by contextual factors such as Trial Number (i.e fatigue and/or satiety) or behavior in recent trials. A greater fraction of VMPFC neurons encoded contextual information, compared to visual stimuli. Moreover, the dynamics of VMPFC firing was more closely related to slow changes in motivational states driven by these contextual factors rather than rapid responses to individual task events. Thus, the firing of VMPFC neurons continuously integrated contextual information and reliably predicted the monkey’s willingness to perform the task. This function might be critical when animals forage in a complex environment and need to integrate information over time. Its relation with motivational states also resonates with the VMPFC implication in the default mode or in mood disorders.
Ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis inXenopusextract
Authors: McDowell Gary S. , Philpott Anna 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe small protein modifier, ubiquitin, can be covalently attached to proteins in the process of ubiquitylation, resulting in a variety of functional outcomes. In particular, the most commonly-associated and well-studied fate for proteins modified with ubiquitin is their ultimate destruction: degradation by the 26S proteasome via the ubiquitin-proteasome system, or digestion in lysosomes by proteolytic enzymes. From the earliest days of ubiquitylation research, a reliable and versatile “cell-in-a-test-tube” system has been employed in the form of cytoplasmic extracts from the eggs and embryos of the frogXenopus laevis. Biochemical studies of ubiquitin and protein degradation using this system have led to significant advances particularly in the study of ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, while the versatility ofXenopusas a developmental model has allowed investigation of thein vivoconsequences of ubiquitylation. Here we describe the use and history ofXenopusextract in the study of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation, and highlight the versatility of this system that has been exploited to uncover mechanisms and consequences of ubiquitylation and proteolysis.
DRR technology sharing and transfer through web-based platforms
Authors: Kim Yongkyun , Sohn Hong-Gyoo , Lee Youngjai , Chung Jong-Moon 
Published: July 2016

Purpose– Disaster risk reduction (DRR) technology sharing has emerged as an important global issue across national boundaries. As a result, the DRR technology-sharing environment needs strengthening based on the findings of difficulties in sharing, investment, and commitment. The purpose of this paper is to three fold: first, it will clarify that a web-based platform is the best conduit for linking DRR technology from the supplier to the beneficiary developing countries. Second, it will find the most evolutionary path based on Korean case studies. Finally, it will make recommendations for the efficient implementation of a web-based platform for DRR technology sharing.Design/methodology/approach– This paper posits that DRR technology sharing is a necessary part of enhancing resilience to disasters in the Asia-Pacific region. The evolution of web-based approaches (a merchandise display-type platform, a journal-type platform, an electronic market-type platform, and an architecture and governance-type platform) and an actual case of space technology sharing providing support for an evolution toward community-based technology sharing in DRR. The research will find the most efficient way going forward based on the case study of a four-year R & D project sponsored by the South Korean Government. It will also find the success factors for the way to establish and operate the platform efficiently and effectively through case studies of the four types of web-based platforms.Findings– Sharing of DRR technology through a web-based platform among Asia-Pacific countries is necessary in order to equip all parties with essential technology to mitigate intensifying disasters, to overcome the barriers of technology sharing, to breakdown transfer issues due to language barriers, and to strengthen insufficient DRR budgets. Among the four types of web-based platforms, the architecture and governance-type platform proved to be the most effective and efficient. In addition, four principles for an efficient implementation are identified through case studies, analysis, and research.Originality/value– This paper reports on the reasons why it is difficult for DRR technology sharing in the Asia and Pacific regions and suggests a web-based DRR technology-sharing platform as a solution for the region. Moreover, it substantiates that the architecture and governance platform type as the most efficient and effective evolution with four principles: develop based on end-user’s needs; take a problem-solving approach; contain interactive communication tools; and provide business opportunity.
Integrating animal disease epidemics into disaster risk management
Authors: Shreve Cheney , Davis Belinda , Fordham Maureen 
Published: July 2016

Purpose– Holistic approaches to public health such as “One Health” emphasize the interconnectedness between people, animals, ecosystems, and epidemic risk, and many advocate for this philosophy to be adopted within disaster risk management (DRM). Historically, animal and human diseases have been managed separately from each other, and apart from other hazards considered for DRM. Shifts in DRM, however, may complement a One Health approach. The taxonomy of hazards considered under DRM has expanded to include medical and social crises such as epizootics and terrorism. However, there is a gap in understanding how epidemic risk is integrated into DRM at the community-level. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approach– TACTIC adopts a participatory case study approach examining preparedness for multiple hazard types (floods, epidemics, earthquakes, and terrorism) at the community-level. This paper reports on findings from the epidemic case study which took as its focus the 2001 foot-and-mouth disease epidemic in the UK because of the diverse human, social, and environmental impacts of this “animal” disease.Findings– Epizootic preparedness tends to focus on biosecurity and phytosanitary measures, and is geared towards agriculture and farming. Greater engagement with public health and behavioural sciences to manage public health impacts of animal disease epidemics, and activities for citizen engagement to improve preparedness are discussed. The impermeability of boundaries (hazard, institutional, disciplinary, etc.) is a key constraint to integrating One Health into DRM.Originality/value– This work helps to situate the One Health discussion within the community-level DRM context.
Consumer-brand relationships in sports products and repurchase intention
Authors: Chiu Weisheng , Won Doyeon 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine the key determinants of brand commitment in sports products based on the investment model and seeks to predict consumers’ repurchase intention.

Design/methodology/approach
– Data from a survey questionnaire (n = 247) were analysed primarily using structural equation modelling techniques.

Findings
– The results support the investment model’s hypothesis that brand commitment is weakened by the quality of alternative options but strengthened by consumers’ satisfaction with and investment in the brand. Moreover, brand commitment had a positive influence on consumers’ repurchase intention.

Originality/value
– Using the investment model of commitment processes, the study provides useful information on consumer-brand relationships and repurchase intention.
A comparative analysis of cultural value orientations for understanding sport fan motivations
Authors: Han Dongyoo , Mahony Daniel F. , Greenwell T. Christopher 
Published: July 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between cultural value orientations and sport fan motivations.Design/methodology/approach– Data were collected from American and Korean college students. Three separate multivariate analysis of covariance revealed sport fan motivations differ across nationality and cultural value orientation.Findings– The current study provided empirical support for the assumption that individualism-collectivism influences sport fan motivations and geographically different sport consumers. Also, the outcomes were consistent with the previous literature which found sport fan motivations differ across nationality (the USA and South Korea).Originality/value– In combination with prior research, the findings of this study offer suggestions for how marketers could differentiate their marketing strategies for culturally diverse sport consumers.
Online brand community: through the eyes of Self-Determination Theory
Authors: Kelley James B , Alden Dana L 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper to use Self-Determination Theory (SDT) to explain the online brand community (OBC) identity internalization process through brand website interactivity. Secondary purpose of the research is to explore the role of several individual difference factors and brand-specific constructs in predicting brand website interactivity.

Design/methodology/approach
– This study proposes the OBC motivation development continuum of brand website interactivity. Thus, a national panel was collected by a reputable online survey firm and a structural equation model was used to test the proposed model.

Findings
– The authors examined four brand-related antecedents and mediators (brand engagement in self-concept, susceptibility of normative influence, opinion leadership, and consumer innovativeness) and found evidence of the differing roles that brand engagement in self-concept and purposive motives play as mediators to brand website interactivity.

Practical implications
– Marketing managers can use the proposed model as a useful tool for understanding ways to target and motivate segment specific consumers in ways that will increase the effectiveness of managers’ OBC building strategies.

Originality/value
– This study utilized SDT to explain the internalization process of brand website interactivity. Further, several individual difference factors were explored as antecedents and mediators of brand website interactivity.
Understanding relationship benefits from harmonious brand community on social media
Authors: Zhang Mingli , Luo Nuan 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
– Brand communities have been labeled as a social aggregation of brand fans and businesses. Yet, limited research has examined customers’ perceived relationship benefits in brand community on social media. Drawing from social capital theory and relationship benefits research, the purpose of this paper is to discover how online harmonious brand community influence customers’ perceived relationship benefits (i.e. confidence, special treatment, social and honor).

Design/methodology/approach
– Hypotheses are tested by applying a structural equation modeling and the data are collected from a survey of smartphone community members (n=543) based on Sina Weibo.

Findings
– The results suggest that harmonious brand communities strengthen customers’ perceived relationship benefits on social media, which are the important factors to form community satisfaction and positive word-of-mouth of community. And community engagement amplifies the influence of harmonious brand communities and has a moderating effect on the role of harmonious community relationships in confidence benefits.

Originality/value
– The present study extends prior research on relationship benefits from the perspective of brand community based on social media and reveals the role of harmonious community relationships in developing community satisfaction and positive word-of-mouth.
Do taxable REIT subsidiary spell risk for REITs? An empirical examination
Authors: Cardona Juan C. 
Published: July 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to employ a unique data sample to study the relationship between risk and the use of taxable real estate investment trusts (REITs) subsidiary (TRS).Design/methodology/approach– Total volatility is decomposed into systematic risk and idiosyncratic risk in order to examine whether cross-sectional variations in REITs’ risk are related to use of TRS. The relation between REITs risk and REITs liquidity is also explored in this paper by using three liquidity measures: percentage spread, dollar volume and price impact. GMM regressions are used to explore diversification and risk-adjusted returns.Findings– The evidence, using GMM regressions, suggests that: REITs increased in firm risk during the years 2002-2011; REITs with TRS are more liquid than REITs with non-TRS; TRS-REITs’ prices becomes more volatile than the broader market after year 2007 – S & P500 index is used as benchmark; and TRS-REITs’ portfolios requires a larger number of securities to obtain similar levels of diversification as non-TRS portfolio.Practical implications– TRS-REITs’ portfolio is riskier (systematic risk) than non-TRS-REITs, its assets are the more demanded (liquid) among investor, meaning that when necessary those assets can be easier converted to cash without affecting to much its prices. When S & P500 is used as benchmark the TRS-REITs’ portfolio requires a larger number of securities to obtain similar levels of diversification as non-TRS portfolio.Originality/value– This paper employs a unique data sample to study the relationship between risk and the use of TRS in the USA. Although the relationship between risk and returns has been largely studied in the finance field, still there is a gap in REIT literature about the relation between REIT return volatility and the use of TRS’s.
Evaluation of Australian industry superannuation fund performance; asset allocation to property
Authors: Reddy Wejendra 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
– Property is a key investment asset class that offers considerable benefits in a mixed-asset portfolio. Previous studies have concluded that property allocation should be within the 10-30 per cent range. However, there seems to be wide variation in theory and practice. Historical Australian superannuation data shows that the level of allocation to property asset class in institutional portfolios has remained constant in recent decades, restricted at 10 per cent or lower. This is seen by many in the property profession as a subjective measure and needs further investigation. The purpose of this paper is to compare the performance of the AU$431 billion industry superannuation funds’ strategic balanced portfolio against ten different passive and active investment strategies.

Design/methodology/approach
– The analysis used 20 years (1995-2015) of quarterly data covering seven benchmark asset classes, namely: Australian equities, international equities, Australian fixed income, international fixed income, property, cash and alternatives. The 11 different asset allocation models are constructed within the modern portfolio theory framework utilising Australian ten-year bonds as the risk free rate. The Sharpe ratio is used as the key risk-adjusted return performance measure.

Findings
– The ten different asset allocation models perform as well as the industry fund strategic approach. The empirical results show that there is scope to increase the property allocation level from its current 10-23 per cent. Upon excluding unconstrained strategies, the recommended allocation to property for industry funds is 19 per cent (12 per cent direct and 7 per cent listed). This high allocation is backed by improved risk-adjusted return performance.

Research limitations/implications
– The constrained optimal, tactical and dynamic models are limited to asset weight, no short selling and turnover parameters. Other institutional constraints that can be added to the portfolio optimisation problem include transaction costs, taxation, liquidity and tracking error constraints.

Practical implications
– The 11 different asset allocation models developed to evaluate the property allocation component in industry superannuation funds portfolio will attract fund managers to explore alternative strategies (passive and active) where risk-adjusted returns can be improved, compared to the common strategic approach with increased allocation to property assets.

Originality/value
– The research presents a unique perspective of investigating the optimal allocation to property assets within the context of active investment strategies, such as tactical and dynamic models, whereas previous studies have focused mainly on passive investment strategies. The investigation of these models effectively contributes to the transfer of broader finance and investment market theories and practice to the property discipline.
Pre-event marketing and territorial governance: the case of Monza and Brianza province
Authors: Gavinelli Laura , Morra Maria Cristina , Di Gregorio Angelo 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine whether and how a mega event can be an opportunity for a territory to be developed as a marketing product. The topic is analysed in the pre-event phase, from the point of view of marketing mix and governance.

Design/methodology/approach
A qualitative method was adopted with a case study on Monza and Brianza province (northern Italy) which is strongly involved in EXPO2015 initiatives. The triangulation among multiple sources such as documents, interviews and observation, allow for deeper data collection.

Findings
A mega event can enhance development and repositioning also of minor territories. There are, however, two main conditions for benefiting from such an opportunity: to plan the marketing mix, taking into account people and partnerships, and to ensure a vision on territory through coordination with a legacy perspective.

Research limitations/implications
This study is not representative or generalizable. However, it gives insights into the mechanism of coordination and collaboration between different stakeholders and on how to plan the Monza and Brianza marketing mixes.

Practical implications
The research has implications for governance mechanisms and for marketing politics both for public and private decision-makers, especially in the pre-mega event phase, but also with some inputs into legacy phase.

Originality/value
The research is original for three reasons: the context concerns Monza and Brianza province, and so can help understand how mega events can help a minor territory reposition itself; the research looks at the managerial implications of place marketing in this pre-event phase; and in Italy, provinces are being reorganized or abolished: this case study looks at a province and its future.