bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bifunctional Squaramides as Organocatalysts for Lactide Polymerization: Catalytic Performance and Comparison with Monofunctional Analogues
Authors: Specklin David , Hild Frédéric , Chen Li , Thévenin Lucas , Munch Maxime , Dumas Françoise , Le Bideau Franck , Dagorne Samuel 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAmine‐functionalized squaramides 1 and 2 were prepared and shown to be suitable polymerization organocatalysts for the controlled ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of l‐lactide (l‐LA) in the presence of an alcohol source such as BnOH (which acts as an initiator) to afford chain‐length‐controlled and narrow‐dispersion poly(l‐lactide) (PLLA) under mild reaction conditions. The ROP experimental and polymer analysis data are consistent with the action of 1 and 2 as bifunctional hydrogen‐bonding (HB) catalysts that are able to activate both the lactide monomer and initiator BnOH thanks to their dual HB acceptor and donor properties. As a comparison, aminosquaramide 3, a direct analogue of 1 but a weaker HB donor because of the absence of electron‐withdrawing NH substituents, displays little lactide ROP activity, which highlights the key role of monomer activation through HB in the present systems. Unlike aminosquaramides 1 and 2, related monofunctional squaramides 4 and 5 are inactive in l‐LA ROP in the presence of BnOH, but the addition of NEt3, as an external HB acceptor, allows the ROP to proceed with the production of well‐defined PLLA. A cooperative dual activation with an activated monomer/activated chain‐end mechanism is most likely operative in the lactide ROP mediated by 1 and 2 in the presence of BnOH.
Selective Fluorimetric Detection of Primary Alkylamines by a Calix[6]arene Funnel Complex
Authors: Rémy Charlotte , Guyon Hélène , Rebilly Jean‐Noël , Leray Isabelle , Reinaud Olivia 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe association of host–guest and coordination chemistry was used to develop a fluorescent molecular sensor. A calix[6]arene bearing three imidazole arms at the small rim and three quinoline fluorophores at the large rim was synthesized and characterized. A two‐step coordination sequence was observed upon addition of ZnII. The first ZnII center binds the tris‐imidazole small rim site, leading only to a small perturbation of the fluorescence. In contrast, a large bathochromic shift is observed upon binding of the second ZnII center at the large rim as a result of the direct interaction of ZnII with the quinoline fluorophores. The system acts as a selective receptor for primary amines. Host–guest adduct formation could be identified by a shift and enhancement of the fluorescence emission that is dependent on the length and shape of the primary amine. This system constitutes a fluorescent reporter with a selective response among primary amines.
Enhancing rich content wikis with real‐time collaboration
Authors: Ignat Claudia‐Lavinia , André Luc , Oster Gérald 
Published: March 2017

SummaryWikis are one of the most important tools of Web 2.0 allowing users to easily edit shared data. However, wikis offer limited support for merging concurrent contributions on the same pages. Users have to manually merge concurrent changes, and there is no support for an automatic merging. Real‐time collaborative editing reduces conflicts as the time frame for concurrent work is very short. In this paper, we propose extending wiki systems with real‐time collaboration. We propose an automatic merging solution adapted for rich content wikis. Our solution relies on an operational transformation algorithm defined for high level operations that capture user actions such as move, merge, and split.
Unravelling Some of the Key Transformations in the Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Lignin
Authors: Lui Matthew Y. , Chan Bun , Yuen Alexander K. L. , Masters Anthony F. , Montoya Alejandro , Maschmeyer Thomas 
Published: March 2017

AbstractUsing both experimental and computational methods, focusing on intermediates and model compounds, some of the main features of the reaction mechanisms that operate during the hydrothermal processing of lignin were elucidated. Key reaction pathways and their connection to different structural features of lignin were proposed. Under neutral conditions, subcritical water was demonstrated to act as a bifunctional acid/base catalyst for the dissection of lignin structures. In a complex web of mutually dependent interactions, guaiacyl units within lignin were shown to significantly affect overall lignin reactivity.
Stress resilience in crop plants: strategic thinking to address local food production problems
Authors: Davies William J. , Ribaut Jean‐Marcel 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThere are many ways to assess or define the stress resilience of crop production, but ultimately the resilience of systems (and communities), i.e., an ability to survive and prosper, is driven by profitability. Here we review challenges for those who seek to bring about beneficial change in practice or policy as we translate novel crop science research findings into impacts on the food supply chain. While advances in plant and crop science are relevant to this challenge, the context of application is crucial here and this will mean that many other considerations, discussed below, will potentially moderate the impact on crop growth and yield of what could be the introduction of very significant breakthroughs in genetic gain. This paper considers opportunities for plant scientists seeking to address the world's growing food security challenge by exploiting new understanding of the basis of crop stress resilience. Ultimately the local challenge is to increase the resilience of cropping systems and rural communities.
Low back pain in farmers: The association with agricultural work management, disability, and quality of life in Korean farmers
Authors: Jo Hannae , Park Hee‐won , Baek Sora , Kang Eun Kyoung 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis study aimed to identify the associations among low back pain (LBP), LBP‐related disability, agricultural working condition management, and quality of life (QOL) in Korean farmers. Demographic information, agricultural work management, and outcomes of LBP were obtained by standardized questionnaires (Oswestry Disability Index [ODI] for disability and European Quality of Life‐5 Dimensions‐3‐Level version [EQ‐5D‐3L] for QOL). Presence of LBP was determined if the LBP had lasted longer than 1 week or had been more frequent than once a month, and presence of LBP‐related disability was determined if the ODI score was more than 12. Poor health checkups (OR [odds ratio] = 1.70–86, p < .05), were positively associated with LBP, and working at dawn (OR = 1.85–1.96, p < .05), was positively associated with LBP‐related disability after adjusting related demographic factors. EQ‐5D‐3L indexes were significantly lower in participants with LBP (0.83 ± 0.17 vs. 0.92 ± 0.06, p < .001) and disability (0.81 ± 0.18 vs. 0.93 ± 0.05, p < .001). This study showed that the presence of LBP was related to poor health checkups and that LBP‐related disability was related to a poor working time schedule. These results indicate poor QOL and suggest the need for coping strategies such as regular health checkups and a proper working time schedule.
Iron species determination by task‐specific ionic liquid‐based in situ solvent formation dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with flame atomic absorption spectrometry
Authors: Sadeghi Susan , Ashoori Vahid 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe task‐specific ionic liquid (TSIL) of 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bromide functionalized with 8‐hydroxyquinoline was used as a chelating agent and extracting solvent for dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and subsequent determination of Fe(III) by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The in situ solvent formation of TSIL using KPF6 provided the desired water‐immiscible ionic liquid. The total Fe concentration could be determined after pre‐oxidation of Fe(II) to Fe(III). Various factors affecting the proposed extraction procedure were optimized.RESULTSThe proposed analytical conditions were: sample pH 5, TSIL amount 0.3% (w/v), KPF6 amount 0.15% (w/v), anti‐sticking 0.1% (w/v) and salt concentration 5% (w/v). Under optimal conditions, the linear dynamic ranges for Fe(III) and total Fe were 20–80 and 20–110 ng mL−1, respectively, with a detection limit of 6.9 ng mL−1 for Fe(III) and relative standard deviation of 2.2%. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of trace Fe(III) in water (underground, tap, refined water and artificial sea water) and beverage (apple, tomato, and tea) samples.CONCLUSIONThe developed method offers advantages such as simplicity, ease of operation, and extraction of Fe(III) from aqueous solutions without the use of organic solvent. It was successfully applied for iron speciation in different real samples. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of germination on chemical, functional and nutritional characteristics of wheat, brown rice and triticale: a comparative study
Authors: Sibian Mandeep S , Saxena Dharmesh C , Riar Charanjit S 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDGermination is accompanied by various metabolic reactions in the seed, which lead to alteration of its chemical composition as compared to raw seed. Among the micromolecules, amino acids play an important role in various growth and metabolic activities in seeds.RESULTSResults indicated that germination altered seeds' chemical composition, which improved/changed the functional properties investigated such as bulk density, foaming capacity, water holding capacity, oil binding capacity and emulsification properties. Essential amino acids were increased during germination, which contributed in enhancing the nutritional quality of protein in seeds. Germination also improved protein‐based quality parameters such as essential amino acid index, biological value, protein efficiency ratio and nutritional index in seeds of brown rice, wheat and triticale. Among the grains, the essential amino acid index of brown rice was reported to be highest after germination.CONCLUSIONIndispensable/essential amino acids such as lysine, methionine, leucine, isoleucine, threonine, phenylalanine and valine showed a significant increase during germination. As a result, amino acid scoring based on the reference pattern of an FAO Expert Consultation Report (2013) for infants and adults was appreciably improved after germination along with an increase in the essential amino acid indices for brown rice (78.78), wheat (76.55) and triticale (73.99). © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Highly sensitive method for the quantification of trans‐linolenic acid isomers in trilinolenin of edible oils using an ionic liquid capillary column
Authors: Guo Qin , Jiang Fan , Jin Jing , Li Qingpeng , Wang Feng , Wang Qiang , Ha Yiming 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe polarities of linolenic acid isomers are very similar, and only a few studies to date have attempted to separate α‐linolenic acid (ALA) isomers completely. The aim of this study was to fill this gap by developing and validating an accurate method for the analysis of ALA isomers in trilinolenin at 200, 220 and 240 °C using a gas chromatograph–flame ionization detector equipped with an SLB‐IL111 capillary column.RESULTSResults showed that eight ALA isomer standards were separated effectively using these optimized gas chromatographic conditions. The coefficient of determination was r2 > 0.9994 in the linear range of each ALA isomer. The obtained limits of detection and limits of quantification of the ALA isomers were 0.02–0.08 ppm and 0.05–0.22 ppm, respectively. A high degree of reproducibility and percent recoveries between 96.2% and 106.5%, with coefficients of variation ranging from 0.82% to 0.97%, were achieved.CONCLUSIONThe developed method has been successfully applied to the analysis of ALA isomers in heated pure trilinolenin as well as to trilinolenin in various edible oils, and the TALA isomerization pathways in heated trilinolenin were verified. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Clinical and prognostic significance of eosinophilia and inv(16)/t(16;16) in pediatric acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AML‐M4)
Authors: Klein Kim , de Haas Valérie , Bank Ingrid E.M. , Beverloo H. Berna , Zwaan C. Michel , Kaspers Gertjan L. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe cytogenetic aberrations inv(16)(p13.1q22)/t(16;16)(p13.1;q22), frequently detected in acute myelomonocytic leukemia with eosinophilia (FAB type M4eo), are generally considered a prognostically favorable subgroup. M4eo comprises a distinct morphology compared to M4 without eosinophilia (M4eo‐) and therefore may be indicative for a different pathogenesis.ProceduresMorphology and cytogenetic/molecular analyses of a Dutch cohort of pediatric acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AML‐M4) patients were performed and studied in order to analyze the association between the presence of eosinophilia morphology (M4eo+), inv(16)/t(16;16) (inv(16)+), clinical features, and outcome.ResultsOf the 119 included patients with available combined morphological and cytogenetic results, 60% had M4eo‐ without inv(16) (inv(16)‐), 10% had M4eo‐/inv(16)+, 13% had M4eo+/inv(16)‐, and 17% had M4eo+/inv(16)+. M4eo+ was significantly associated with the presence of inv(16)/t(16;16) (P < 0.001). Patients with M4eo+ had no significantly superior outcome compared with patients with M4eo‐, whereas patients with inv(16)+ had significantly superior probabilities of event‐free survival and probabilities of overall survival compared with patients without inv(16)‐. Patients with M4eo+/inv(16)+ had no significantly better outcome than those with M4eo‐/inv(16)+.ConclusionThe prognostically favorable impact of distinct morphology with eosinophilia probably relies on its association with inv(16)/t(16;16). Simultaneous presence of both eosinophilia and inv(16) was not associated with superior outcome in our study. These results may be relevant for risk‐group classification and risk‐group adapted treatment and underline the importance of accurate cytogenetic analysis.
Identification of salivary protein biomarkers for orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption
Authors: Kaczor‐Urbanowicz Karolina Elżbieta , Deutsch Omer , Zaks Batia , Krief Guy , Chaushu Stella , Palmon Aaron 
Published: March 2017

PurposeOrthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR) is one of the most prevalent and unavoidable consequence of orthodontic tooth movement. The aim of this study was to discover potential diagnostic protein biomarkers for detection of OIIRR in whole saliva (WS).Material and methodsUnstimulated WS was collected from 72 subjects: 48 OIIRR patients and 24 untreated, generally healthy, age and gender matched controls. Radiographic assessment of periapical x‐rays of four upper incisors taken before and 9 months after bonding was done. High‐abundance proteins were depleted followed by two‐dimensional‐gel‐electrophoresis and quantitative mass spectrometry (qMS). Finally, to initially validate qMS results, Western blotting was performed.ResultsqMS revealed differentially expressed proteins in the moderate‐to‐severe OIIRR group, which have never been found in WS before. Additionally, in the moderate‐to‐severe young OIIRR group, the pathogenetic mechanisms related to actin cytoskeleton regulation and Fc gamma R‐ mediated phagocytosis were detected, while in adults‐ to focal adhesion. Preliminary validation by Western blotting of fetuin‐A and p21‐ARC indicated expression profile trends similar to those identified by qMS.ConclusionThe significance of WS novel proteomic methodologies is clearly demonstrated for detecting new OIIRR biomarkers as well as for unveiling possible novel pathogenetic mechanisms in both young and adult patients.
The Aphasia Action, Success, and Knowledge Programme: Results from an Australian Phase I Trial of a Speech-Pathology-Led Intervention for People with Aphasia Early Post Stroke
Authors: Ryan Brooke , Hudson Kyla , Worrall Linda , Simmons-Mackie Nina , Thomas Emma , Finch Emma , Clark Kathy , Lethlean Jennifer 
Published: March 2017

Background: Speech pathologists work to optimise communication and reduce the emotional and social impact of communication disability in patients with aphasia but need evidence-based interventions to effectively do so.Objective: This phase 1 study aims to evaluate an Australian speech-pathology-led intervention called the Aphasia Action, Success, and Knowledge (Aphasia ASK) programme for patients with aphasia early post stroke.Methods: A convergent parallel mixed-methods design was utilised. The intervention included up to six individual face-to-face sessions with seven participants with aphasia and their nominated family member(s). Quantitative outcomes assessing mood, quality of life, and communication confidence were conducted for the participants with aphasia. Follow-up interviews were conducted with both participants with aphasia and family members to determine their perceptions of the programme.Results: Significant improvements were found in communication confidence and mood after treatment and the gains were maintained at 3-month follow-up. Participants with aphasia and their family members reported a good level of satisfaction with the programme.Conclusions: Findings suggest the Aphasia ASK programme is a suitable intervention with positive initial outcomes for people with aphasia. A larger scale evaluation with a greater variety of participants is now required. An Australian cluster randomised control trial is planned.
Beyond Institutional Design: Explaining the Performance of International Organizations
Authors: Lall Ranjit 
Published: March 2017

AbstractInternational organizations (IOs) have long been a central focus of scholarship in international relations, yet we know remarkably little about their performance. This article offers an explanation for differences in the performance of IOs and tests it using the first quantitative data set on the topic. I argue that the primary obstacle to effective institutional performance is not deviant behavior by IO officials—as conventional “rogue-agency” analyses suggest—but the propensity of states to use IOs to promote narrow national interests rather than broader organizational objectives. IOs that enjoy policy autonomy vis-à-vis states will thus exhibit higher levels of performance. However, in the international context policy autonomy cannot be guaranteed by institutional design. Instead, it is a function of (1) the existence of (certain types of) institutionalized alliances between IOs and actors above and below the state; and (2) the technical complexity of IO activities. I provide empirical evidence for the argument by constructing and analyzing a cross-sectional data set on IO performance—based in part on a new wave of official government evaluations of IOs and in part on an original survey of IO staff—and conducting a comparative case study in the realm of global food security.
Household dietary diversity, vitamin A consumption and food security in rural Tigray, Ethiopia
Authors: Schwei Rebecca J , Tesfay Haile , Asfaw Frezer , Jogo Wellington , Busse Heidi 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo describe: household dietary diversity across four zones in Ethiopia; the relationship between household dietary diversity and consumption of vitamin A-rich foods; and the relationship between household dietary diversity and food security status.DesignThis was a cross-sectional survey. Data were collected using structured questionnaires in the local language. Household dietary diversity scores measured types of foods households consumed, and households were classified by food security status using a modified version of the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale. An ordinal logistics regression model was created to assess the relationship between three tiers of dietary diversity (low, medium and high) and food security while controlling for agricultural zone, educational variables and household characteristics.SettingRural households in Tigray, Ethiopia.SubjectsThree hundred households in Tigray, Ethiopia, were interviewed.ResultsOf the households, 23, 47 and 30 % had low, medium and high dietary diversity, respectively. Among households with high dietary diversity, eggs and fruit were the most common foods added to the diet. In the fully adjusted model, participants who reported being food secure had 1·8 increased odds of greater dietary diversity (95 % CI 1·0, 3·2) compared with participants who were food insecure.ConclusionsFood security was positively associated with dietary diversity. In order to enhance health, interventions that improve dietary diversity and vitamin A consumption should remain important areas of focus for health leaders in the region.
How Can Law Librarians Most Effectively Provide Legal Research Training?
Authors: Mishkin Steve 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe proliferation of digital legal resources over recent years has profoundly changed the way in which lawyers carry out legal research. Law librarians have had to adapt rapidly to these new ‘disruptive technologies’ and have had to develop new ways to train their users in how to carry out the most effective legal search. As a consequence, training has become an increasingly important role of a law librarian. The literature shows that these issues have been much discussed, but often confined to either the academic sector, or to the role of the law librarian in a law firm. Over the past few years, the concept of information literacy has increasingly been seen as a way of developing more effective legal research training programmes. This study, conducted by Steve Mishkin*, examines the views of law librarians working in both the academic and non-academic sectors, regarding how to deliver legal research training most effectively. The study concludes by recommending greater cooperation between academic and non-academic law librarians and suggests that both need to make the case for the benefits of legal research training, in order to win support from their management for better resourced programmes. It also suggests that the quality of legal research training will be improved if law librarians themselves are provided with training, on how to deliver it most effectively.
Cell-based therapy using miR-302-367 expressing cells represses glioblastoma growth
Authors: Fareh Mohamed , Almairac Fabien , Turchi Laurent , Burel-Vandenbos Fanny , Paquis Philippe , Fontaine Denys , Lacas-Gervais Sandra , Junier Marie-Pierre , Chneiweiss Hervé , Virolle Thierry 
Published: March 2017

AbstractGlioblastomas are incurable primary brain tumors that affect patients of all ages. The aggressiveness of this cancer has been attributed in part to the persistence of treatment-resistant glioblastoma stem-like cells. We have previously discovered the tumor-suppressor properties of the microRNA cluster miR-302-367, representing a potential treatment for glioblastoma. Here, we attempted to develop a cell-based therapy by taking advantage of the capability of glioma cells to secrete exosomes that enclose small RNA molecules. We engineered primary glioma cells to stably express the miR-302-367. Remarkably, these cells altered, in a paracrine-dependent manner, the expression of stemness markers, the proliferation and the tumorigenicity of neighboring glioblastoma cells. Further characterization of the secretome derived from miR-302-367 expressing cells showed that a large amount of miR-302-367 was enclosed in exosomes, which were internalized by the neighboring glioblastoma cells. This miR-302-367 cell-to-cell transfer resulted in the inhibition of its targets such as CXCR4/SDF1, SHH, cyclin D, cyclin A and E2F1. Orthotopic xenograft of miR-302-367-expressing cells together with glioblastoma stem-like cells efficiently altered the tumor development in mice brain.