bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preregistration nursing students’ perspectives on the learning, teaching and application of bioscience knowledge within practice
Authors: Molesworth Mark , Lewitt Moira 
Published: November 2015

Aims and objectivesThis paper aims to explore student nurses’ experiences of bioscience learning, teaching and application within the practice setting. It draws upon the social learning theory of communities of practice to consider the issues raised.BackgroundThe teaching of bioscience within many nursing curricula has shifted from traditional to more integrated approaches. Student nurses recognise bioscience as a valuable component of their studies, but many find it challenging. The focus of previous research in this area has often focussed on bioscience learning in theoretical rather than practice settings.DesignA phenomenological study.MethodsData were collected via focus group or interview with a total of seven students across two campuses in a Scottish university. Participants were offered the opportunity to share their experiences at both the end of year one and year two of their studies. A thematic analysis was undertaken independently then jointly by the authors.ResultsThe findings suggest that although participants recognise the value of bioscience within practice settings, they found that opportunities for learning were often limited. Bioscience‐related learning, teaching and application was perceived to have been given less legitimacy by the practice setting than other aspects of placement activity. To enhance bioscience approaches participants expressed a desire for more structured and integrated approaches within both practice and university along with further peer learning opportunities.ConclusionsStudents recognise that bioscience knowledge is important in relation to the provision of safe and effective care. They request greater structure and consistency in relation to the learning, teaching and application of this topic during their placements.Relevance to clinical practiceThose with a stake in educating nurses within clinical settings may find the views of student nurses on the topic of bioscience learning useful when planning and facilitating placement experiences.
Fear of dental pain in Italian children: child personality traits and parental dental fear
Authors: D'Alessandro Giovanni , Alkhamis Nadia , Mattarozzi Katia , Mazzetti Michela , Piana Gabriela 
Published: November 2015

AbstractObjectivesDental anxiety could impede dental treatment in children. Evidence shows that parents’ fear of dentists contributes to children's anxiety towards dentists. The aim of the present study was to determine whether and to what extent: a) parents’ anxiety and depression personality traits, b) parent's dental fear, and c) child personality traits can predict children's dental anxiety in an Italian population.MethodsOne hundred and four children (5–14 years old) and one of their parents participated in the study. Well‐known and validated questionnaires were administered to children (MCDASf, CFSS‐DS, TAD) and parents (FDPQ, STAI Y1, Y2, and BDI‐II).ResultDental anxiety is significantly associated with the anxiety personality trait and depression of the child and with parental fear of dental pain. A hierarchical regression analysis showed that, regardless of age and gender, the best predictor of child dental anxiety is parent's fear of dental pain, rather than relatively stable temperaments of the child.ConclusionsIn line with the literature concerning adults, these findings highlight the children dental anxiety as a complex phenomena consisting of different components, including the child's personality traits (anxiety trait and depression) and parents’ dental fear. Clinical implications of this evidence are discussed.
Capsular polysaccharides facilitate enhanced iron acquisition by the colonial cyanobacterium Microcystis sp. isolated from a freshwater lake
Authors: Li Zheng‐Ke , Dai Guo‐Zheng , Juneau Philippe , Qiu Bao‐Sheng 
Published: November 2015

Microcystis sp., especially in its colonial form, is a common dominant species during cyanobacterial blooms in many iron‐deficient water bodies. It is still not entirely clear, however, how the colonial forms of Microcystis acclimate to iron‐deficient habitats, and the responses of unicellular and colonial forms to iron‐replete and iron‐deficient conditions were examined here. Growth rates and levels of photosynthetic pigments declined to a greater extent in cultures of unicellular Microcystis than in cultures of the colonial form in response to decreasing iron concentrations, resulting in the impaired photosynthetic performance of unicellular Microcystis as compared to colonial forms as measured by variable fluorescence and photosynthetic oxygen evolution. These results indicate that the light‐harvesting ability and photosynthetic capacity of colonial Microcystis was less affected by iron deficiency than the unicellular form. The carotenoid contents and nonphotochemical quenching of colonial Microcystis were less reduced than those of the unicellular form under decreasing iron concentrations, indicating that the colonial morphology enhanced photoprotection and acclimation to iron‐deficient conditions. Furthermore, large amounts of iron were detected in the capsular polysaccharides (CPS) of the colonies, and more iron was found to be attached to the colonial Microcystis CPS under decreasing iron conditions as compared to unicellular cultures. These results demonstrated that colonial Microcystis can acclimate to iron deficiencies better than the unicellular form, and that CPS plays an important role in their acclimation advantage in iron‐deficient waters.
Review: Parkinson's disease: from synaptic loss to connectome dysfunction
Authors: Bellucci Arianna , Mercuri Nicola Biagio , Venneri Annalena , Faustini Gaia , Longhena Francesca , Pizzi Marina , Missale Cristina , Spano PierFranco 
Published: November 2015

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder with prominent loss of nigro‐striatal dopaminergic neurons. The resultant dopamine (DA) deficiency underlies the onset of typical motor symptoms (MS). Nonetheless, individuals affected by PD usually show a plethora of nonmotor symptoms (NMS), part of which may precede the onset of motor signs. Besides DA neuron degeneration, a key neuropathological alteration in the PD brain is Lewy pathology. This is characterized by abnormal intraneuronal (Lewy bodies) and intraneuritic (Lewy neurites) deposits of fibrillary aggregates mainly composed of α‐synuclein. Lewy pathology has been hypothesized to progress in a stereotypical pattern over the course of PD and α‐synuclein mutations and multiplications have been found to cause monogenic forms of the disease, thus raising the question as to whether this protein is pathogenic in this disorder. Findings showing that the majority of α‐synuclein aggregates in PD are located at presynapses and this underlies the onset of synaptic and axonal degeneration, coupled to the fact that functional connectivity changes correlate with disease progression, strengthen this idea. Indeed, by altering the proper action of key molecules involved in the control of neurotransmitter release and re‐cycling as well as synaptic and structural plasticity, α‐synuclein deposition may crucially impair axonal trafficking, resulting in a series of noxious events, whose pressure may inevitably degenerate into neuronal damage and death. Here, we provide a timely overview of the molecular features of synaptic loss in PD and disclose their possible translation into clinical symptoms through functional disconnection.
Endogenous CRF in rat large intestine mediates motor and secretory responses to stress
Authors: Liu S. , Chang J. , Long N. , Beckwith K. , Talhouarne G. , Brooks J. J. , Qu M.‐H. , Ren W. , Wood J. D. , Cooper S. , Bhargava A. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundCorticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF) mediates our body's overall responses to stress. The role of central CRF in stress‐stimulated colonic motility is well characterized. We hypothesized that transient perturbation in expression of enteric CRF is sufficient to change stress‐induced colonic motor and secretory responses.MethodsSprague–Dawley rats (adult, male) were subjected to 1‐h partial restraint stress (PRS) and euthanized at 0, 4, 8, and 24 h. CRF mRNA and peptide levels in the colon were quantified by real‐time RT‐PCR, enzyme immuno‐assay and immunohistochemistry. Double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) designed to target CRF (dsCRF) was injected into the colonic wall to attain RNA interference‐mediated inhibition of CRF mRNA expression. DsRNA for β‐globin was used as a control (dsControl). Four days after dsRNA injection, rats were subjected to 1‐h PRS. Fecal output was measured. Ussing chamber techniques were used to assess colonic mucosal ion secretion and transepithelial tissue conductance.Key ResultsExposure to PRS elevated CRF expression and increased CRF release in the rat colon. Injection of dsCRF inhibited basal CRF expression and prevented the PRS‐induced increase in CRF expression, whereas CRF expression in dsControl‐injected colons remained high after PRS. In rats treated with dsControl, PRS caused a significant increase in fecal pellet output, colonic baseline ion secretion, and transepithelial tissue conductance. Inhibition of CRF expression in the colon prevented PRS‐induced increase in fecal output, baseline ion secretion, and transepithelial tissue conductance.Conclusions & InferencesThese results provide direct evidence that transient perturbation in peripherally expressed CRF prevents colonic responses to stress.
Expression of salivary biomarkers in patients with oral mucositis: evaluation by SELDI‐TOF/MS
Authors: Ardito F , Giuliani M , Perrone D , Giannatempo G , Di Fede O , Favia G , Campisi G , Colella G , Lo Muzio L 
Published: November 2015

ObjectiveThis study aims to evaluate changes in proteomic salivary profile of patients with oral mucositis after adjuvant cancer treatments.Materials and MethodsSamples were collected from patients after adjuvant cancer therapies, and were analyzed by means of SELDI/TOF. Patients were separated in two groups: patients affected by mucositis (MUCOSITIS) and patient without mucositis (NO MUCOSITIS). All patients were divided in function of the anticancer treatment: patients who had radiotherapy (MUCOSITIS RADIO), had not radiotherapy (MUCOSITIS NO RADIO), had chemotherapy (MUCOSITIS CHEMO), and those who had not chemotherapy (MUCOSITIS NO CHEMO). Statistical evaluation PCA (Principal Component Analysis) was conducted with the software BIO‐RAD Data Manager™ (Version 3.5).ResultsWe found the increased peaks of 3443, 3487, and 4135 m/z in MUCOSITIS group, while 6237 m/z was reduced. These same peaks would the same modifications in MUCOSITIS RADIO, while in MUCOSITIS CHEMIO are increased 3443 and 6237 m/z but 3487, 4135 m/z are reduced. These data were confirmed by the PCA.ConclusionAnticancer therapy influenced the level expression of many salivary biomarkers in mucositis with a good significance. Therefore, 3443, 3487, 4135, and 6237 m/z are good biomarker candidates of oral mucositis.
Basal cell naevoid syndrome with nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a case report
Authors: Kalsi A.S. , Garg M. , Dhariwal D.K. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBasal cell naevoid syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant multisystem disorder characterised by multiple basal cell naevi, keratocystic odontogenic tumours, a variety of developmental anomalies and a predisposition to neoplasms, in particular basal cell carcinomas. A 15‐year‐old female patient with basal cell naevoid syndrome presented with severe headaches waking her at night, spontaneous nosebleeds, fatigue, increased sleep and decreased appetite. A CT head showed a large right‐sided nasopharyngeal mass. The patient underwent nasopharyngoscopy with biopsy which confirmed a nasopharyngeal carcinoma. MRI and a contrast‐enhanced CT scan of the head and neck suggested a nasopharyngeal carcinoma with skull base involvement. The carcinoma was treated successfully with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. She remains in remission at 10‐month review. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a basal cell naevoid syndrome patient diagnosed with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of head and neck neoplasms in patients with basal cell naevoid syndrome.
Formula with long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids reduces incidence of allergy in early childhood
Authors: Foiles Amanda M. , Kerling Elizabeth H. , Wick Jo A. , Scalabrin Deolinda M. F. , Colombo John , Carlson Susan E. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundAllergy has sharply increased in affluent Western countries in the last 30 years. N‐3 long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n‐3 LCPUFAs) may protect the immune system against development of allergy.MethodsWe prospectively categorized illnesses by body system in a subset of 91 children from the Kansas City cohort of the DIAMOND (DHA Intake and Measurement of Neural Development) study who had yearly medical records through 4 years of age. As infants, they were fed either a control formula without LCPUFA (n = 19) or one of three formulas with LCPUFA from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA) (n = 72).ResultsAllergic illnesses in the first year were lower in the combined LCPUFA group compared to the control. LCPUFAs significantly delayed time to first allergic illness (p = 0.04) and skin allergic illness (p = 0.03) and resulted in a trend to reduced wheeze/asthma (p = 0.1). If the mother had no allergies, LCPUFAs reduced the risk of any allergic diseases (HR = 0.24, 95% CI = 0.1, 0.56, p = 0.0.001) and skin allergic diseases (HR = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.13, 0.93, p = 0.04). In contrast, if the mother had allergies, LCPUFAs reduced wheezing/asthma (HR = 0.26, 95% CI = 0.07, 0.9, p = 0.02).ConclusionsLCPUFA supplementation during infancy reduced the risk of skin and respiratory allergic diseases in childhood with effects influenced by maternal allergies.
Outpatient outcomes and satisfaction in pediatric population: data from the postoperative phone call
Authors: Brenn B. Randall , Choudhry Dinesh K. , Sacks Karen 
Published: November 2015

SummaryBackgroundQuality and patient/parent satisfaction are goals for pediatric perioperative services. As part of the implementation of our operating room electronic medical record (EMR), a postoperative phone call questionnaire was developed to assess patients discharged after outpatient surgery. The goal of this initiative was to determine the rate of common postoperative complications and understand reasons for patient/parent dissatisfaction.MethodsInstitutional Review Board approval was obtained for chart review. The postoperative phone call survey was attempted by our postanesthesia care unit nursing staff on all pediatric outpatients. The call was attempted for 3 days. From 2009 to 2013, more than 37 000 phone records existed in our EMR, Epic Optime (Epic Systems, Verona, WI). These data were extracted to a business intelligence (BI) program, QlikView (Qliktech, Radnor, PA, USA). A BI dashboard was constructed to obtain phone call results for any given time frame from monthly to spanning several years. Complications were logged as 4‐point severity rating scales (none, mild, moderate, severe) with descriptions for each level. The BI dashboard calculated the overall and rates by severity for the following: (i) nausea, (ii) vomiting, (iii) pain, (iv) bleeding, (v) hoarseness, and (vi) difficulty eating.ResultsOf 42 688 outpatient cases, 37 620 postoperative phone calls were completed for an overall response rate of 88%. Pain, at 11.1%, was the highest reported postoperative complication. The rate of dissatisfaction was reported to be 0.31%. Most patients reporting dissatisfaction (62%) did not report any complications. Contingency coefficient showed that there was little relationship between satisfaction and presence of complications.ConclusionA postoperative phone survey is cost‐effective and appreciated by patients. We found that satisfaction with our perioperative services was not related to the rates of reported complications. Although reducing complications is of utmost importance, improvements in wait times and other operational issues would yield greater improvements in satisfaction.
Molecular insights into the function of the viral RNA silencing suppressor HCPro
Authors: Ivanov Konstantin I. , Eskelin Katri , Bašić Marta , De Swarnalok , Lõhmus Andres , Varjosalo Markku , Mäkinen Kristiina 
Published: November 2015

SummaryPotyviral helper component proteinase (HCPro) is a well‐characterized suppressor of antiviral RNA silencing, but its mechanism of action is not yet fully understood. In this study, we used affinity purification coupled with mass spectrometry to identify binding partners of HCPro in potyvirus‐infected plant cells. This approach led to identification of various HCPro interactors, including two key enzymes of the methionine cycle, S–adenosyl‐l–methionine synthase and S–adenosyl‐l–homocysteine hydrolase. This finding, together with the results of enzymatic activity and gene knockdown experiments, suggests a mechanism in which HCPro complexes containing viral and host proteins act to suppress antiviral RNA silencing through local disruption of the methionine cycle. Another group of HCPro interactors identified in this study comprised ribosomal proteins. Immunoaffinity purification of ribosomes demonstrated that HCPro is associated with ribosomes in virus‐infected cells. Furthermore, we show that HCPro and ARGONAUTE1 (AGO1), the core component of the RNA‐induced silencing complex (RISC), interact with each other and are both associated with ribosomes in planta. These results, together with the fact that AGO1 association with ribosomes is a hallmark of RISC‐mediated translational repression, suggest a second mechanism of HCPro action, whereby ribosome‐associated multiprotein complexes containing HCPro relieve viral RNA translational repression through interaction with AGO1.
A highly specific microRNA‐mediated mechanism silences LTR retrotransposons of strawberry
Authors: Šurbanovski Nada , Brilli Matteo , Moser Mirko , Si‐Ammour Azeddine 
Published: November 2015

SummarySmall RNAs are involved in a plethora of functions in plant genomes. In general, transcriptional gene silencing is mediated by 24‐nucleotide siRNAs and is required for maintaining transposable elements in a silenced state. However, microRNAs are not commonly associated with transposon silencing. In this study, we performed small RNA transcriptome and degradome analyses of the Rosaceae model plant Fragaria vesca (the woodland strawberry) at the genome‐wide level, and identified miRNA families and their targets. We report a highly specific mechanism of LTR retrotransposon silencing mediated by an abundant, ubiquitously expressed miRNA (fve–miR1511) generated from a single locus. This miRNA specifically targets LTR retroelements, silencing them post‐transcriptionally by perfectly pairing to the highly conserved primer binding site for methionyl initiator tRNA that is essential for reverse transcription. We investigated the possible origins of this miRNA, and present evidence that the pre‐miR1511 hairpin structure probably derived from a locus coding for tRNAiMet through a single microinversion event. Our study shows that this miRNA targets retrotransposons specifically and constitutively, and contributes to features such as genome stability, size and architecture in a far more direct way than previously thought.
Hematologic and serum biochemical reference intervals for wild Tasmanian devils (Sarcophilus harrisii)
Authors: Peck Sarah , Corkrey Ross , Hamede Rodrigo , Jones Menna , Canfield Paul 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundThe Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii) is a carnivorous marsupial threatened with extinction by a fatally infectious cancer known as devil facial tumor disease (DFTD). Conservation efforts including captive breeding and island translocations are underway to address this threat.ObjectivesThe objectives of this study were to determine hematologic and serum biochemical reference intervals (RI) to aid in health assessment of Tasmanian devils, and to examine seasonal, sex, reproductive status and age variations.MethodsWe collected jugular blood samples from individual wild Tasmanian devils at 2 different locations over a 2‐year period to determine hematologic and serum biochemical RI by nonparametric methods using the central 0.95 fraction.ResultsA total of 307 blood samples were collected from 187 devils. Significant age differences were found for ALP, CK, cholesterol, calcium, phosphate, albumin, globulins, albumin: globulin ratio, and glucose. Significant differences between sexes were observed for AST, creatinine, and potassium. Significant seasonal or reproductive status variation in adult males or breeding females were observed for PCV, HGB, RBC, MCHC, MCH, MCV, neutrophils and lymphocytes, fibrinogen, total plasma protein, AST, ALP, ALT, GLDH, bilirubin, urea, calcium, chloride, total protein, albumin, A:G, and glucose.ConclusionsMany of the differences observed between subgroups can be explained by growth requirements, reproductive demands, and seasonal effects on activity. This study has determined comprehensive RI for the Tasmanian devil, which will be used to assess animals targeted for captive breeding and translocations, or affected by DFTD.
The Effect of Gum Chewing, Early Oral Hydration, and Early Mobilization on Intestinal Motility After Cesarean Birth
Authors: Sahin Ebru , Terzioglu Fusun 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAimThe aim of the study was to investigate the effect of gum chewing, early oral hydration, and early mobilization after cesarean birth on intestinal sounds, passing gas, and intestinal evacuation.DesignRandomized controlled study. Setting: This study was conducted at the Obstetrics Service of the one Obstetrics and Child Diseases Hospital.ParticipantsA total of 240 females divided into 8 groups of 30 subjects each were included within the scope of the sample.MethodsThe women who underwent cesarean birth were divided into eight groups by using 23 factorial test levels, depending on the use of three different methods of gum chewing, early oral hydration, and early mobilization. No intervention was applied to the women in the control group. For the other seven groups, the intestinal sounds were checked every 30 minutes with a stethoscope over the abdomen and the first time of passing gas and the first evacuation time were recorded by asking the mother. The data were evaluated with numbers, mean, and percentage calculations, Student's t test, one‐way variance analysis, correlation, and Tukey HSD test.ResultsThe intestinal sounds were heard earlier, gas was passed earlier, and bowel movements were earlier in the first group that received all interventions compared to the other groups (p < .05). The patient could not be discharged before 48 hours had passed after the cesarean birth according to the hospital protocol and the time of discharge was therefore not affected by interventions.Linking Evidence to ActionAll of the three different interventions, such as gum chewing, early oral hydration, and early mobilization after cesarean birth, increase intestinal motility. The interventions are recommended during postoperative routine care to shorten hospital stay and prevent postoperative ileus.