bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selfassembly of α,ω‐dithiols on surfaces and metal dithiol heterostructures
Authors: Hamoudi Hicham , Esaulov Vladimir A. 
Published: February 2016

α,ω‐Dithiols present an interesting case of molecules with two reactive terminal ‐SH groups (HS‐R‐SH) that allow their use as binders between different metallic entities. They have thus been used in molecular electronics conduction measurements, in “nanogap” electrodes of interest in plasmonics, as building blocks of more complex structures such as metal intercalated superlattices and in the formation of metalized organic thin films, including doped graphene type films. There exist however many problems, because the molecules may end up in undesirable configurations with both thiol terminals bound to the same metal particle/substrate or link with other molecules to produce “multi‐molecule” or “multilayer” structures. This report discusses various key questions on dithiol linking with metal surfaces and the quest of protocols of making problem free dithiol metal structures. It then describes the use of dithiols and their SAMs to produce various metal organic heterostructures useful for molecular electronics and formation of doped metalized organic thin films. We discuss the build up of these structures by self assembly and lithography, their chemical composition and functional properties.
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The electrospun polyhydroxybutyrate fibers reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals: Morphology and properties
Authors: Kampeerapappun Piyaporn 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTPolyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) has been used in the biomedical field. However, the poor mechanical properties of PHB have limited its application. Here, electrospun fibrous nanocomposite mats reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were fabricated by using PHB as polymeric matrix. The morphological, thermal, mechanical properties, as well as cytotoxicity were characterized. Increasing the concentration of CNCs caused a decrease in diameter of the electrospun fibers. Moreover, thermal analysis indicated that melting temperature of PHB/CNCs electrospun fibers were improved with the increased CNCs content. The addition of CNCs gradually enhanced the tensile strength till 8 wt % content followed by a gradual decrease at higher CNCs content (12–22 wt %) in tensile strength. The PHB/CNCs electrospun fibers were nontoxic to L‐929 and capable of supporting cell proliferation in all conditions. This study demonstrates that fibrous PHB/CNCs electrospun fibers are cytocompatible and potentially useful mechanical properties for biomedical application. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43273.
3,4‐Phenylenedioxythiophene (PheDOT) Based Hole‐Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Chen Jian , Chen Bai‐Xue , Zhang Fang‐Shuai , Yu Hui‐Juan , Ma Shuang , Kuang Dai‐Bin , Shao Guang , Su Cheng‐Yong 
Published: February 2016

AbstractTwo new electron‐rich molecules based on 3,4‐phenylenedioxythiophene (PheDOT) were synthesized and successfully adopted as hole‐transporting materials (HTMs) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). X‐ray diffraction, absorption spectra, photoluminescence spectra, electrochemical properties, thermal stabilities, hole mobilities, conductivities, and photovoltaic parameters of PSCs based on these two HTMs were compared with each other. By introducing methoxy substituents into the main skeleton, the energy levels of PheDOT‐core HTM were tuned to match with the perovskite, and its hole mobility was also improved (1.33×10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1, being higher than that of spiro‐OMeTAD, 2.34×10−5 cm2 V−1 s−1). The PSC based on MeO‐PheDOT as HTM exhibits a short‐circuit current density (Jsc) of 18.31 mA cm−2, an open‐circuit potential (Voc) of 0.914 V, and a fill factor (FF) of 0.636, yielding an encouraging power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.64 % under AM 1.5G illumination. These results give some insight into how the molecular structures of HTMs affect their performances and pave the way for developing high‐efficiency and low‐cost HTMs for PSCs.
Study of photoluminescence characteristics of CdSe quantum dots hybridized with Cu nanowires
Authors: Chi Xiaochun , Wang Yinghui , Gao Jiechao , Liu Qinghui , Sui Ning , Zhu Jinyang , Li XueCong , Yang Haigui , Zou Lu , Kou Jun , Zhang Hanzhuang 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe photoluminescence (PL) characteristics of semiconductor CdSe quantum dots (QDs) aggregated on Cu nanowires (NWs) were studied in detail. The PL relaxation dynamic data show that Cu NWs improve the PL intensity of CdSe QDs by accelerating the emission relaxation rate. The temperature‐dependent PL data and excitation intensity‐dependent PL data suggest that the activation energy of CdSe QDs might decrease due to the excellent heat transfer properties and the plasmon effect of Cu NWs.  Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Progress and Perspective of Studies on Biomimetic Shark Skin Drag Reduction
Authors: Pu Xia , Li Guangji , Liu Yunhong 
Published: February 2016

AbstractShark skin surfaces of fast‐swimming sharks are characterized as non‐smooth because of the presence of dermal denticles or riblet structures and exhibit an excellent drag‐reduction effect. A review of the surface morphology, structure and mechanical behaviors of shark skin is given. Investigations into the microstructures of a single denticle and the mechanical behaviors of complete fresh shark skin containing both epidermal and dermal layers were reported. The results show that some nanostructured protuberances exist on the concave groove surface of a denticle. In particular, the complete fresh shark skin exhibits an excellent elasticity, and its stress‐strain curve is different from that of the corresponding epidermal layer. Furthermore, the mechanisms of drag reduction by riblets and complaint wall were introduced, various methods of fabricating biomimetic riblet‐structured surfaces were classified and summarized, and studies on the drag‐reduction effects and applications of biomimetic riblet‐structured surfaces were also reviewed. Based on these analyses and on the understanding of the drag‐reduction mechanisms, the concept of a synergistic drag‐reduction effect that is attributed to a non‐smooth surface and an elastic matrix was proposed for the first time.
Transformable Production Concepts: Flexible, Mobile, Decentralized, Modular, Fast
Authors: Lier Stefan , Wörsdörfer Dominik , Grünewald Marcus 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe process industry is currently facing the challenges of intensified global competition, increasing volatilities of markets, increasing product variety, and shorter product life cycles. Against this background, transformable production concepts with their modular composition promise better adjustment to these dynamic conditions in the dimensions product quantity, product variety, and location of production. Additionally planning and development times shall be reduced with these concepts. This contribution gives an overview over the state of the art of these production concepts and discusses chances and risks. Thereby, all levels from apparatuses and plants to logistics and business models are considered.
Rasburicase‐induced methemoglobinemia: case report, literature review, and proposed treatment algorithm
Authors: Sherwood Garrett B. , Paschal Rita D. , Adamski Jill 
Published: February 2016

Key Clinical MessageRasburicase for the treatment of tumor lysis syndrome has been associated with hemolytic anemia and methemoglobinemia, usually in patients with G6PD deficiency. Risks and benefits should be considered prior to use of rasburicase in at‐risk patients. Methylene blue will worsen the hemolytic anemia in G6PD deficiency and should be avoided.
Particle Image Velocimetry of a Swirling Fluidized Bed at Different Blade Angles
Authors: Sulaiman Shaharin A. , Miin Chin S. , Naz Muhammad Y. , Raghavan Vijay R. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe particle motion within a stable swirling operation regime of a fluidized bed is investigated. Particle image velocimetry was used to elaborate the hydrodynamics of multi‐sized particles fluidized at different air distributor blade angles. The experimental results revealed that the superficial velocity is the most prominent aspect affecting the hydrodynamics of a swirling fluidized bed (SFB) followed by the bed weight, particle shape, and blade inclination angle. Particles of different sizes and shapes fluidized well in the SFB which emphasizes its superiority over contemporary techniques. The slug‐wavy regime in the SFB is promising and has considerable potential, especially for diffusion‐controlled reactions and processes in the industry. The particle velocity increased with air flow rate at shallow bed height but decreased with bed weight.
NiS Nanorods as Cathode Materials for All‐Solid‐State Lithium Batteries with Excellent Rate Capability and Cycling Stability
Authors: Long Peng , Xu Qiang , Peng Gang , Yao Xiayin , Xu Xiaoxiong 
Published: February 2016

AbstractRate capability and cycling stability are the great challenges of all‐solid‐state lithium batteries, owing to the low lithium ion transfer kinetics in solid materials and poor interfacial compatibility between electrodes and electrolytes. In this work, one‐dimensional nanostructured NiS and lithium metal are firstly employed in Li/70 % Li2S–29 % P2O5–1 % P2O5/Li10GeP2S12/NiS all‐solid‐state lithium batteries, exhibiting excellent rate capability and cycling stability. NiS nanorods, with a diameter of 20–50 nm and length of 2–3 μm, are prepared in a controllable manner by using a solvothermal method. Electrochemical performance measurements show that the reversible discharge capacities of NiS nanorod electrodes can be as high as 670, 401, and 299 mAh g−1 at the current densities of 100, 250, and 500 mA g−1, respectively. Also, it displays excellent cycling stability, showing reversible discharge capacities up to 338 and 243 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at current densities of 250 and 500 mA g−1, respectively. The electrochemical reaction mechanism of the NiS nanorods in all‐solid‐state lithium batteries is revealed by combining cyclic voltammetry and ex situ XRD measurements in detail, showing a reversible conversion reaction that is almost identical with that in the traditional lithium‐ion batteries that utilize liquid electrolytes.
Nitrogen‐Doped Nanoporous Carbons through Direct Carbonization of a Metal‐Biomolecule Framework for Supercapacitor
Authors: Zhang Jianhui , Zhang Daliang , Dai Guanghui , Fang Qianrong , Qiu Shilun 
Published: February 2016

AbstractNitrogen‐doped nanoporous carbons have been successfully synthesized by direct carbonization of a nitrogen‐ rich metal‐biomolecule framework, zinc glutamate (Zn(H2O)(C5H7NO4)·H2O), as a template without any additional carbon or nitrogen sources. The surface area and pore size distribution of the resultant carbon materials were studied based on the carbonization temperature. These carbons exhibited high specific surface area (as high as 1619.2 m2·g−1 for ZGC‐1000). Furthermore, ZGC‐1000 also provided a large specific capacitance of 140.8 F·g−1 at a current density of 0.25 A·g−1 when measured in a three‐electrode system. It is believed that the presence of the nitrogen‐doped nanoporous carbons prepared from the metal‐organic frameworks will further facilitate the exploration of such materials as supercapacitors.
Nanogels as Contrast Agents for Molecular Imaging
Authors: Zhu Jianzhi , Sun Wenjie , Shi Xiangyang 
Published: February 2016

AbstractNanogels (NGs) as soft nanosized materials have gained a variety of interests in biomedical fields. The versatile NG scaffolds with 3‐dimensional spherical shape, high loading efficiency, tunable surface functionalization, and excellent biocompatibility afford their uses as carrier to load mono‐ or multi‐mode molecular imaging contrast agents (CAs). This review summarizes the synthesis routes and applications of NGs as CAs for molecular imaging applications including magnetic resonance (MR), computed tomography (CT), radionuclide, optical, and dual/multi‐modality imaging.
A Red‐Emissive Sextuple Hydrogen‐Bonding Self‐Assembly Molecular Duplex Bearing Perylene Diimide Fluorophores for Warm‐White Organic Light‐Emitting Diode Application
Authors: Zeng Hui , Huang Qingyu , Liu Jingjing , Huang Yan , Zhou Jie , Zhao Suling , Lu Zhiyun 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA novel sextuple hydrogen‐bonding (HB) self‐assembly molecular duplex bearing red‐emitting perylene diimide (PDI) fluorophores, namely PDIHB, was synthesized, and its molecular structure was confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, TOF‐MS and 2D NMR. Compared with the small molecular reference compound PDI, PDIHB shows one time enhanced fluorescence efficiency in solid state (4.1% vs. 2.1%). More importantly, the presence of bulky HB oligoamide strands in PDIHB could trigger effective spatial separation between guest and host fluorophores in thin solid film state, hence inefficient energy transfer occurs between the blue‐emitting host 2TPhNIHB and red guest PDIHB in the 2 wt% guest/host blending film. As a result, a solution‐processed organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) with quite simple device structure of ITO/PEDOT:PSS (40 nm)/PVK (40 nm)/PDIHB (2 wt%): 2TPhNIHB (50 nm)/LiF (0.8 nm)/Al (100 nm) could emit bias‐independent warm‐white electroluminescence with stable Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage coordinates of (0.42, 0.33), and the maximum brightness and current efficiency of this device are 260 cd·m−2 and 0.49 cd·A−1, respectively. All these results indicated that HB self‐assembly supramolecular fluorophores could act as prospective materials for white OLED application.
One‐Pot Aqueous Synthesis of Highly Biocompatible Near Infrared CuInS2 Quantum Dots for Target Cell Imaging
Authors: Arshad Anila , Chen Hongli , Bai Xilin , Xu Suying , Wang Leyu 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn this study, we report a novel and facile autoclave strategy for synthesis of near‐infrared (NIR) CuInS2 QDs by employing glutathione (GSH) as capping ligand and stabilizer in aqueous media under 100°C. Various experimental parameters including the ratio of precursors, reaction time, reaction temperature, pH effect and stability have been systematically studied. The QDs were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR). The as‐synthesized NIR QDs exhibited low cytotoxicity and maintained excellent cell viability even up to 100 µg/mL. After bioconjugation with Arg‐Gly‐Asp (RGD) peptide, the obtained CuInS2‐RGD QDs have demonstrated high targeting ability with good fluorescence cell imaging performance.
A Bulky Pyridinyl?uorene/Triphenylamine Hybrid Used as Host Material for Heavily‐Doped Blue Electrophosphorescent Devices
Authors: Zhao Xianghua , Wu Yukun , Zhou Li , Wu Nana , Tang Lin , Zhao Yi , Li Xiaosheng , Ding Dongxue , Xu Hui 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn this work, a novel molecule pyridinyl?uorene/triphenylamine hybrid (TPyFTPA) with bulky steric hindrance effects has been synthesized successfully by substituting 9‐(pyridine‐2‐yl)‐fluoren‐9‐yl with triphenylamine (TPA) via Friedel‐Crafts reaction, which possesses good thermal stability and triplet energy (ET) of 420°C with 5% weight loss and 2.86 eV, respectively. Moreover, the bulky steric hindrance material shows high stable morphology by heating to 200°C without finding melting phenomena and crystallization that is demonstrated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) curve. The bulky pyridinyl?uorene end‐capped TPA has been used as host material for blue phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (PhOLEDs) with maximum external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of 2.7%, 3.7%, and 3.5%, at the doping ratios of 10%, 30%, and 40%, respectively. The performances of TPyFTPA‐based blue PhOLEDs own wide concentration ranging from 10% to 40%, which indicates the bulky TPyFTPA might be a potential candidate for inexpensive products with simplifying process for the applications in full‐color display and solid state lighting.
A‐π‐D‐π‐A type Small Molecules Using Ethynylene Linkages for Organic Solar Cells with High Open‐circuit Voltages
Authors: Gao Ke , Xiao Liangang , Kan Yuanyuan , Li Lisheng , Yan Yajing , Huang Huadong , Peng Junbiao , Cao Yong , Peng Xiaobin 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIntroducing ethynylene linkages in a conjugated molecule can deepen the HOMO level, decrease the steric constraints and better delocalize the π electrons and so on, which are beneficial for organic solar cells. Furthermore, the typical method of introducing acetylene linkages by Sonogashira reactions can avoid the usage of toxic stannyl intermediates and potentially dangerous lithiation reactions. In this study, two simple small molecules BEDPP and NEDPP are designed and synthesized, in which two diketopyrrolopyrrole units are symmetrically connected to benzene and naphthalene cores, respectively, via acetylene linkages. And the BHJ (Bulk Heterojunction) solar cells based on BEDPP and NEDPP without using solvent additive and without any post‐treatment for the active layers provide us power conversion efficiencies of 1.48% and 2.31% with remarkably high open circuit voltages up to 0.90 and 0.98 V, respectively.
Spectroscopy of Single Dibenzoterrylene Molecules in para‐Dichlorobenzene
Authors: Verhart Nico R. , Müller Mathias , Orrit Michel 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe study single dibenzoterrylene (DBT) molecules embedded in 1,4‐dichlorobenzene (para‐dichlorobenzene, pDCB) at 1.2 K. Due to the relatively low melting point of pDCB (53 °C), this host‐guest system can be easily prepared from the molten phase. Narrow linewidths, stable molecular lines and high saturation count rates of single DBT molecules were observed. For this reason, we consider this host‐guest system a promising candidate for the study of interactions of single molecules with other small objects such as waveguides or nanoparticles.
An examination of the role of autonomous versus controlled motivation in predicting inpatient treatment outcome for anorexia nervosa
Authors: Thaler Lea , Israel Mimi , Antunes Juliana Mazanek , Sarin Sabina , Zuroff David C. , Steiger Howard 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTObjectiveWe explored the effect of autonomous and controlled motivation on outcomes for patients undergoing inpatient treatment for Anorexia Nervosa (AN).MethodData on 80 patients with AN were available for the start of treatment, and for 49 at end of treatment. Patients completed measures of autonomous and controlled motivation, eating disorder symptoms and attitudes, and comorbid psychopathology at the start and end of treatment.ResultsPatients showed significant improvements on eating symptoms and comorbid psychopathology over the course of treatment. Autonomous motivation was a significant predictor of change in severity of eating symptoms and attitudes such that patients with higher pre‐treatment levels of autonomous motivation showed larger post‐treatment reductions on these indices. No such effects were associated with controlled motivation.DiscussionThis study highlights a relationship between autonomous motivation and outcome in an inpatient setting. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:626–629)
Evolutionary evidence on suitability of SecD as a target for development of antibacterial agents against Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Yan Shaomin , Wu Guang 
Published: February 2016

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus causes many infections and its drug resistance is a worrying challenge for medical care. The SecD subunit of Sec secretion system in methicillin‐resistant S. aureus is an attractive target because SecD dysfunction leads to the death of bacteria and SecD as a target is more efficient than SecA and SecF. Evolution could have made SecD to become insensitive to antibacterial agents although the drugs directly against SecD have yet to develop. So far, no detailed information on SecD evolution has been available, thus 2686 SecD sequences with full taxonomic information from kingdom to species were analyzed. First, the variance of pairwise p‐distance was evaluated for each taxonomic group. Second, the variance was further partitioned into intergroup and intragroup variances for quantification of horizontal and vertical gene transfer. Third, phylogenetic tree was built to trace the evolutionary pathway. The results showed that overall evolution of SecDs appears to have undergone horizontal and vertical gene transfer. Only 0.5% horizontal transfers were found between any two SecDs in S. aureus, 6.8% and 8.8% horizontal transfers were found between any two Staphylococcus SecDs from different and the same species, and only one SecD from S. aureus was located far away from its sister cluster. Thus, statistic and evolutionary analyses demonstrate that the SecDs from staphylococcus species have a small chance of mutating, and provide taxonomic evidence to use the SecD as a potential target for new generation of antibacterial agents against S. aureus.
Chromosome numbers in three species groups of freshwater flatworms increase with increasing latitude
Authors: Lorch Sven , Zeuss Dirk , Brandl Roland , Brändle Martin 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPolyploidy in combination with parthenogenesis offers advantages for plasticity and the evolution of a broad ecological tolerance of species. Therefore, a positive correlation between the level of ploidy and increasing latitude as a surrogate for environmental harshness has been suggested. Such a positive correlation is well documented for plants, but examples for animals are still rare. Species of flatworms (Platyhelminthes) are widely distributed, show a remarkably wide range of chromosome numbers, and offer therefore good model systems to study the geographical distribution of chromosome numbers. We analyzed published data on counts of chromosome numbers and geographical information of three flatworm “species” (Phagocata vitta,Polycelis felinaandCrenobia alpina) sampled across Europe (220 populations). We used the mean chromosome number across individuals of a population as a proxy for the level of ploidy within populations, and we tested for relationships of this variable with latitude, mode of reproduction (sexual, asexual or both) and environmental variables (annual mean temperature, mean diurnal temperature range, mean precipitation and net primary production). The mean chromosome numbers of all three species increased with latitude and decreased with mean annual temperature. For two species, chromosome number also decreased with mean precipitation and net primary production. Furthermore, high chromosome numbers within species were accompanied with a loss of sexual reproduction. The variation of chromosome numbers within individuals of two of the three species increased with latitude. Our results support the hypothesis that polyploid lineages are able to cope with harsh climatic conditions at high latitudes. Furthermore, we propose that asexual reproduction in populations with high levels of polyploidization stabilizes hybridization events. Chromosomal irregularities within individuals tend to become more frequent at the extreme environments of high latitudes, presumably because of mitotic errors and downsizing of the genome.