bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi‐instance learning for identifying high‐risk subregions associated with synchronous distant metastasis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Xue Ling‐Feng , Zhang Xiao‐Long , Tang Yong‐Fu , Wei Bo‐Hua 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundClear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is one of the most common histological subtypes of renal tumors.PurposeTo identify high‐risk subregions associated with synchronous distant metastasis.MethodsThis study enrolled a total of 277 patients with ccRCC. Voxel intensity and local entropy values were compiled within the region of interest for all patients. Unsupervised k‐means clustering yielded three subregions per tumor. Radiomic features were extracted, and random forest‐based feature selection was conducted. The selected features were used in a multi‐instance support vector machine (mi‐SVM) model for training, and predictions were made on the validation cohort. Model performance was evaluated using five‐fold cross‐validation. The subregion with the highest score for patients with synchronous distant metastasis was identified across all cohorts.ResultsThe mi‐SVM model yielded an average area under the curve (AUC) of 0.812 in the training cohort and 0.805 in the validation cohort. In the entire cohort of patients with synchronous distant metastasis, subregion 2, characterized by tumor periphery and intratumoral transitional components, accounted for the highest proportion (48.57%, 30.6/63) among all subregions. It represents a high‐risk subregion for synchronous distant metastasis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma.ConclusionThe peripheral and intratumoral transition zones of clear cell renal cell carcinoma are high‐risk subregions associated with synchronous distant metastasis.
Optimal error‐detection system for identifying codes
Authors: Jean Devin C. , Seo Suk J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAssume that a graph models a detection system for a facility with a possible “intruder,” or a multiprocessor network with a possible malfunctioning processor. We consider the problem of placing detectors at a subset of vertices in to determine the location of an intruder if there is any. Many types of detection systems have been defined for different sensor capabilities; in particular, we focus on identifying codes, where each detector can determine whether there is an intruder within its closed neighborhood. In this research we explore a fault‐tolerant variant of identifying codes applicable to real‐world systems. Specifically, error‐detecting identifying codes permit a false‐negative transmission from any single detector. We investigate minimum‐sized error‐detecting identifying codes in several classes of graphs, including cubic graphs and infinite grids, and show that the problem of determining said minimum size in arbitrary graphs is NP‐complete.
Topology‐preserving phase‐field modeling of elastic bending energy
Authors: Poudel Sanjeeb , Wang Xiaoqiang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn vesicle membranes, the minimum of the elastic bending energy determines the equilibrium shape. We can reformulate the energy using a phase‐field function and optimize it using the standard gradient flow approach. The method, in its typical formulation, allows topological changes in the membrane; however, in certain events, like in the simulation of blood cells, maintaining the initial topology of the membrane is crucial. In this study, we add a constraint on the phase‐field method to preserve the topology. We note that even if the phase‐field method is formulated using a hyperbolic tangent function, during a change in topology, the membrane's profile deviates from the tanh function. Owing to this idea, the constraint imposes an additional requirement on the profile to maintain the tanh shape, thus preserving the topology. We perform extensive experiments in two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional scenarios to demonstrate that our method preserves the topology during the simulation.
Endoscope‐Assisted Transcervical Resection of Parapharyngeal Space Tumors
Authors: Smith Joshua D. , Chinn Steven B. , Sridharan Shaum , Contrera Kevin J. , Heft‐Neal Molly E. , Spector Matthew E. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveWe describe a novel technique for endoscope‐assisted (EA) transcervical (TC) approach for resection of parapharyngeal space (PPS) tumors and compare perioperative outcomes of this approach to standard TC approaches.Study DesignRetrospective chart review.SettingSingle tertiary care center.MethodsThis was a single‐institution, retrospective analysis of all patients undergoing TC approach for resection of PPS tumors over a 10‐year period. We describe unique advantages of our surgical approach utilizing a 0° endoscope for improved surgical access, visualization, and efficiency. χ2 and Student's t test were used to compare perioperative outcomes between cases in which an endoscope was utilized EA for resection versus standard TC approach.ResultsOur cohort included 77 patients (n = 40 EA, n = 37 TC). There was no difference in patient age, sex, tumor laterality, tumor size, or tumor location between groups. The EA approach was associated with significantly shorter operative times (median [range] for EA 73 [33‐270] minutes vs TC 112 [56‐362] minutes, P < .01) and reduced rates of immediate postoperative marginal mandibular nerve paresis (EA: n = 5 [12.5%] vs TC: n = 16 [43.2%], P < 0.01).ConclusionEA TC approach for resection of PPS tumors offers improved surgical access and is associated with reduced surgical time and rates of marginal mandibular nerve paresis compared to standard transcervical approaches.
The Relationship between Upper Esophageal Sphincter Manometry Function and Esophageal Motility Disorders
Authors: Hall Juliette , Gupta Milli , Buresi Michelle , Li Dorothy , Nasser Yasmin , Andrews Christopher N. , Woo Matthew , Randall Derrick R. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveHigh‐resolution manometry (HRM) provides measures of esophageal function which are used to classify esophageal motility disorders based on the Chicago Classification system. Upper esophageal sphincter (UES) measures are obtained from HRM, but are not included in the classification system, rendering the relationship between UES measures and esophageal motility disorders unclear. Furthermore, changes in the acceptable amount of esophageal dysfunction between versions of this classification system has created controversy. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between UES measures and esophageal function.Study DesignCross‐sectional study.SettingReferral centre.MethodsHRM studies from the Calgary Gut Motility Center were reviewed for UES mean basal pressure, mean residual pressure, relaxation time‐to‐nadir, relaxation duration, and recovery time. Patients were grouped by number of failed swallows according to different iterations of the Chicago Classification: 0 to 4 (Group 1), 5 to 7 (Group 2), and 8 to 10 (Group 3).Results2114 patients (65.1% female, median age 56 y) were included. There were significant increases in UES mean basal pressure (P < .001), mean residual pressure (P < .001), relaxation duration (P < .001), and recovery time (P < .001) between groups. Positive correlations existed between number of failed swallows and UES mean basal pressure (r = 0.143; P < .001), mean residual pressure (r = 0.201; P < .001), relaxation duration (r = 0.145; P < .001), and recovery time (r = 0.168; P < .001).ConclusionsDifferences in UES measures exist among patients with failed swallows, with a positive correlation between UES dysfunction and increasing dysmotility. Our findings illustrate that UES measures are closely related to esophageal function, and that even minor esophageal dysfunction is related to UES dysfunction.
A char removal protocol to visualize fiber cross‐sections of carbon/epoxy composites subjected to flame
Authors: Madabhushi Abhijith , Pittman Charles U. , Lacy Thomas E. , Kundu Santanu , Priddy Matthew W. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPost‐crash fires obscure or destroy critical fracture surfaces needed to determine the origin of aircraft structural failures. Our goal is to eliminate combustion residue from carbon fiber‐reinforced polymer composites to enable fractographic examination during aviation accident investigations. In this work, combustion residues were removed from burned Hexcel SGP370‐8H/8552 woven‐fabric carbon/epoxy specimens by nitric/sulfuric acid oxidations. Scanning electron microscopy identified various types of char obscuring the fiber ends. For char removal, the burned specimens were immersed in a nitric acid/sulfuric acid/water solution (0.18 wt.%, 96.25 wt.%, 3.57 wt.%) at elevated temperatures (75–150°C). Higher temperatures enhanced nitric acid decomposition in this highly acidic, low‐water environment, accelerating char oxidation and progressively enhancing the extent of char removal. At lower temperatures (T < 100°C), char deposits were partially oxidized after 60 mins. At 125 and 150°C, the char was removed within 30 mins of immersion. The epoxy matrix both chemically decomposed and oxidized and the char oxidized during these oxidation treatments. Gas evolution and soluble products dissolved in the HNO3/H2SO4 media. The damage morphology created by the sawing action on the fiber ends, created before flame exposure, remained clearly visible after the acid oxidations. This occurs because oxidation rates at the carbon fiber ends are much slower than the char oxidation in these acid treatments. If the acid treatment temperature raised above 185°C, then this sawing‐induced fiber damage morphology will also be destroyed. This preliminary understanding can be applied to develop a comprehensive forensic analysis procedure for post‐crash fire investigations.Highlights
Flame exposure of sawed specimen cross‐sections leads to char formation, obscuring fiber damage morphologies.
HNO3/H2SO4 oxidations at elevated temperatures (75–150°C) resulted in char removal from fiber ends.
Higher temperatures (T = 125 and 150°C) accelerated char oxidation.
The sawing of carbon/epoxy composites caused extensive fiber damage and ply delamination.
Residual decomposed resin matrix and char oxidized faster than the carbon fibers and the fiber sawing‐induced fiber damage morphologies created before flame exposure and were preserved after char removal.
The relationship between college students' belief in a just world and online prosocial behavior
Authors: Yang Yue , Zhan Jun , Liao Shanfang , Lian Rong , Fang Yiting 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPrevious studies have highlighted the critical role that the belief in a just world (BJW) plays in maintaining and promoting prosocial behaviors within individuals. Considered a stable personality trait, the crux of BJW lies in the conviction that individuals receive what they deserve, and deserve what they receive. Simultaneously, the relationship between BJW and prosocial behavior is impacted by an individual's sense of fairness or unfairness. However, past research has primarily focused on real‐life prosocial behavior, with limited exploration into the relationship between BJW and online prosocial behavior. This study, comprising a survey and an experiment, aimed to delve deeper into this relationship. The survey section randomly selected 4212 college students to examine how BJW correlates with online prosocial behavior. Findings predominantly revealed a significant positive correlation between online prosocial behavior and BJW. Additionally, the study explored how gender and place of origin influence these behaviors. Results showed that male students and those from urban areas exhibited significantly higher online prosocial behavior. The experimental research investigated the performance differences in online prosocial behaviors among college students under different fairness scenarios, revealing that the online prosocial behavior in an unfair situation was significantly higher than in fair or neutral situations. Furthermore, in unfair situations, a significant correlation was observed between BJW and online prosocial behavior. The findings from this study significantly advance our understanding of the dynamics between BJW and online prosocial behavior among college students, emphasizing that perceived injustices can markedly enhance prosocial behaviors in virtual settings. This study underscores the profound impact of fairness perceptions and highlights the modulating effects of gender and geographical background on online interactions.
Recent progress in metabolomics for analyzing common infertility conditions that affect ovarian function
Authors: Kobayashi Hiroshi , Imanaka Shogo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundNumerous efforts have been undertaken to identify biomarkers associated with embryo and oocyte quality to improve the success rate of in vitro fertilization. Metabolomics has gained traction for its ability to detect dynamic biological changes in real time and provide comprehensive metabolite profiles. This review synthesizes the most recent findings on metabolomic analysis of follicular fluid (FF) in clinical conditions leading to infertility, with a focus on the dynamics of energy metabolism and oocyte quality, and discusses future research directions.MethodsA literature search was conducted without time constraints.Main findingsThe metabolites present in FF originate from five primary pathways: glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, lipid metabolism and β‐oxidation, nucleic acid synthesis, and ketogenesis. Metabolomic profiling can broadly categorize infertile women into two groups: those with infertility due to aging and endometriosis, and those with infertility associated with polycystic ovarian syndrome and obesity. In the former group, glycolysis and lipid metabolism are upregulated to compensate for mitochondrial dysfunction, whereas the latter group exhibits the opposite trend. Assessing the levels of glucose, pyruvate, lactate, and plasmalogens in FF may be valuable for evaluating oocyte quality.ConclusionMetabolomic analysis, particularly focusing on energy metabolism in FF, holds promise for predicting female reproductive outcomes.
Design, Synthesis, Computational Study, and Biological Evaluation of Sulfonyl Tethered Piperazine Derivatives as Antimicrobial Agents
Authors: Thopate Vijay , Dhawale Sachin A. , Kawale Ramesh , Gaikwad Dattatray , Hinge Harshada , Thopate Shankar , Shelke Sharad 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPiperazine, a nitrogen‐containing heterocyclic compound, has potential in medical chemistry due to its versatile structure and ease of modification. Therefore, researchers have designed novel piperazine derivatives with various biological activities, including antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal properties. In this study, a new series of 2‐(4‐((5‐bromo‐2‐methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl) piperazine‐1‐yl) acetamide derivatives (7a‐l) were synthesized and their structures were identified using 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, and HRMS spectroscopic methods. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of these compounds was tested against four bacterial strains and two fungi strains. Some of the sulfonyl piperazine derivatives (7d, 7e, 7f, 7j, 7k, and 7l) exhibited relatively good antimicrobial and antifungal activities compared to standard drugs. Further analysis using computational docking confirmed strong binding interactions, aligning with our results. Our compounds exhibited improved potency compared to existing standard treatments.
Comprehensive Assessment of Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Cytotoxic Activities of Schiff Bases Synthesized from Phenyl Glyoxal: Insights from Molecular Docking and ADMET Analysis
Authors: Tomer Archana , Bansal Smriti , Vats Vishnu , Kumar Yogendra , Kumar Pravita , Sarkar Anjana 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this study, novel Schiff base, PTIEO and PABHP were synthesized using Phenyl Glyoxal as a major constituent and their structures were elucidated through modern spectroscopic techniques. Antioxidant assays were performed using DPPH and ABTS assays. Further, PTIEO and PABHP were subjected to in vitro biological evaluations against ESKAP pathogens. This investigation revealed significant antibacterial activity of both compounds, with MIC below 64 μg mL−1 against Staphylococcus aureus and 64 μg mL−1 against Acinetobacter baummanii. In molecular docking studies, PTIEO shows enhanced binding energy with Acinetobacter baumannii bacterial protein Diaminopimelate epimerase at −7.45 Kcal mol−1, while PABHP exhibited −8.32 Kcal mol−1 binding energy with NADH‐dependent enoyl‐ACP reductase. Additionally, PTIEO and PABHP demonstrated good binding energy with Sortase‐A of Staphylococcus aureus at −7.59 Kcal mol−1 and −8.75 Kcal mol−1, respectively. Moreover, antifungal capabilities of these compounds were evaluated against pathogenic fungi Candida Albicans, Candida Parapsilosis, and Candida tropicalis, highlighting their broad‐spectrum antimicrobial properties. Moreover, PABHP displayed cytotoxicity with an IC50 value of 23.50 μg mL−1, suggesting its safer administration. ADMET calculations were also performed to demonstrate their effectiveness. Overall, these experiments attribute to the significant therapeutic behavior of Schiff bases as comprehensive biomedical agents.
Polydopamine Nanoconjugate‐Coated Masks: An Efficient Barrier Against Airborne Pathogens
Authors: Singh Indu , Gautam Hemant K. , Kumar Pradeep , Dhawan Gagan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCurrent global burden of respiratory tract infections (RTIs) has thrown new challenges for researchers to design and develop efficient and multifaceted face masks. Airborne pathogens are highly transmissible through droplet nuclei/aerosol (<5 μm) which can be significantly reduced by wearing masks. Currently available disposable surgical masks have disparate limitations in terms of surface wettability, microbial penetration, dermal infections due to anaerobic reactions beneath the surface, discomfort, and eruption of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD). These mask surfaces get contaminated with airborne pathogens along with commensal bacterial strains. Generation of high temperature and humidity during repetitive breathing allow bacteria to penetrate from the masks to respiratory tract causing serious complications. Till date, functionalized face masks with different microbicidal agents including nanomaterials experience restricted leaching of antimicrobial agents, cytotoxic effects, short‐lived microbicidal effects, inflammatory responses, negative impact on ecosystem, etc. To address these limitations, here, we have attempted fabrication of mussel mimetic biopolymer (PDA) and its aminoglycoside‐nanoconjugate‐coated face masks. Formation of a uniform layer on the surface not only acted as a potential barrier for infectious pathogens but also inhibited their entry, deactivated the adhered bacteria, imparted non‐immunogenic response with no harmful effects on the wearer's skin owing to the biocompatible nature and pH compatibility of PDA and their conjugates. Amongst all, PDA‐kanamycin (PDA−K)‐coated masks exhibited excellent microbicidal activity with the least bacterial infiltration efficiency.
Preparation and Ammonia Sensing of Copper Iodide Nanomaterials Combined with Copper Iodide‐Isopropanolamine Complexes
Authors: Yang Xia , Ling Qilong , Lin Yujia , Lv Yanfei , Xi Junhua , Fu Li , Chen Fei , Zhang Rui , Zhao Shichao 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWith the increasing awareness of the hazards associated with ammonia (NH3) contamination and the potential application of NH3 detection in physical health monitoring, the exploration of high‐performance NH3 sensors has attracted significant attention in recent years. In this paper, we prepared copper iodide (CuI) nanomaterials combined with CuI‐isopropanolamine (C3H9NO) complexes by dissolving CuI in C3H9NO and subsequent annealing. The resulting product demonstrated exceptional sensing performance to 0.15 (mole fraction) NH3, exhibiting a maximum response of 7.5×105 with a response time of 5 s. The achieved detection limit was 10 ppm. Our findings provide a valuable reference for further research on NH3 sensors utilizing complexes formed by copper compounds and organic amines.
Green Voltammetric Detection of Ophthalmic Drug Nepafenac Using Pencil Graphite Electrode as a Responsive Disposable Electrochemical Sensor
Authors: Ersali Hüseyin , Levent Abdulkadir 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this study, the electrochemical properties of nepafenac, used after eye surgery operations, were investigated on a disposable pencil graphite electrode. Cyclic and square wave voltammetry techniques were used to investigate the electrochemical properties of nepafenac. Two peaks at potentials of approximately +0.33 V and +1.03 V in the anodic direction and two peaks at potentials of approximately +0.29 V and +0.08 V in the cathodic direction were observed on the surface of the disposable pencil electrode in acetate (pH 4.8) medium with the cyclic voltammetry technique. The analytical performance of the developed voltammetric technique had good linearity in the concentration range of 0.30 µM to 3.5 µM at pH 4.8. The LOD value of this voltammetric method in acetate (pH 4.8) medium was calculated as 0.035 µM (8.90 ng mL−1). For reproducibility, the relative standard deviation (RSD) values for Ia and IIa anodic peak current/potential were found to be 1.45%/0.43% and 1.28%/0.25%, respectively. The voltammetric method was successfully applied to urine and pharmaceutical preparations and the results were compared with the spectrophotometric method.
Exploring Polymorphism in Quinoline‐4‐Carbaldoxime: Experimental Validation and Computational Insights into Hydrogen Bonding and Structural Variations
Authors: Tarai Arup , Tarai Swarup Kumar , Sutradhar Dipankar , Bhowmick Somnath , Moi Sankar Ch. , Nath Bhaskar 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study identifies and characterizes a second polymorph (Poly‐II) of quinoline‐4‐carbaldoxime (HQ), isolated from an acetone‐acetonitrile mixture. Poly‐II was compared to the previously known Poly‐I using PXRD, DSC, IR, and Raman spectroscopy. Poly‐I forms a 1D supramolecular assembly, whereas Poly‐II exhibits a 2D assembly with additional hydrogen bonds. Hirshfeld surface analysis reveals the presence of different non‐covalent interactions in Poly‐I and Poly‐II, and atom‐in‐molecule (AIM) analysis identifies their strength. AIM analysis, along with Espinosa's relation, was used to calculate the strength of O─H···N and C─H···N interactions in Poly‐I and Poly‐II. The values are −30.0 and −6.17 kJ/mol for Poly‐I, whereas the values for Poly‐II are −36.18 and −3.66 kJ/mol. The plane wave periodic DFT calculations determined the lattice energies of Poly‐I and Poly‐II to be −1.52 and −1.53 eV, respectively, indicating that both polymorphs have comparable stability. The crystal parameters of Poly‐I and Poly‐II obtained from theoretical simulations and the experiment are comparable, indicating the similar stability of Poly‐I and Poly‐II. Computational simulations confirmed experimental data, showing both polymorphs have similar stability and melting points despite different unit cell volumes.