bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the efficacy of a targeted youth intervention on negative problem orientation
Authors: Humphrey Kirsty 
Published: November 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the efficacy of a targeted youth programme that promotes social-emotion learning through an experiential learning, on negative problem orientation (NPO), and to identify to what extent risk (of disengagement) would have an impact on the outcomes.

Design/methodology/approach
Participants were selected by their school teacher, using a risk selection tool and divided into two groups: “lower risk” and “higher risk” on the basis of three criteria (socioeconomic disadvantage, engagement and parental support). Participants were asked to complete the Negative Problem Orientation Questionnaire (NPOQ) before and after the programme.

Findings
Baseline NPO scores were significantly higher (indicating high levels of NPO) in participants who had a higher risk profile compared to those who had a lower risk profile, (t=17.79 (663), p<0.01). Overall, NPO decreased significantly from baseline to the end of programme assessment, (F(1,163)=41.0, p<0.01). Further analysis reveals that while there was a significant impact of the programme on NPO (greater than overall statistic) in higher risk young people (F(1,163)=63.8, p<0.01), there was no significant impact for those who were lower risk. This group scored slightly (but not significantly) higher than baseline (t=1.14 (664)=, p=0.253). There were no significant effects of gender (p=0.165) or ethnicity (p=0.72).

Research limitations/implications
The results of this study may add value to this field of clinical and academic research that recognise the importance of interventions that use socio-emotional learning and experiential learning to minimise NPO. More specifically, the present research suggests that young people at risk of disengagement, who come from disadvantaged groups may benefit from an intervention. This has long-term implications as interventions such as these, have been shown to have the largest impact on student’s academic, behavioural, social-emotional and motivational outcomes and produce benefits to pupils’ health and well-being.

Practical implications
The present research may contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms responsible for contributing to a programme that enhances psychological well-being through NPO.

Social implications
The paper provides a good framework in terms of adding value for understanding the world of at risk young people and their psychological well-being and academic attainment, not to mention how this may affect young people in the long term. Mental health is a serious concern among young people and great cost to the NHS. Young people are not being seen by professions and the threshold is ever increasing. Prevention of the exacerbation of mental illness while waiting for treatment may be sought in interventions that concentrate on problem orientation.

Originality/value
The data analysis is applied to a specific group of at risk young people, on a novel intervention. Furthermore, there does not seem to be a large amount of research using NPOQ.
How workplace financial education can benefit your employees
Authors: Laverty Darren 
Published: November 2016

Purpose
Financial education is about empowering employees to make their own financial decisions. It is about making people aware of the choices available and the course of action they may want to take – so they can be in the best financial shape for the future.

Design/methodology/approach
When a financial education programme is run, group tutorials are a key component. One particular tutorial focuses on cashflow modelling, with cash flow forecasting at the heart of such a programme. If people can visually see they cannot retire as early as they had hoped, then their focus may shift to increasing their savings. They review how they can cut-back now to set realistic objectives about their future.

Findings
Financial education could help to support employees in understanding how to do more for themselves financially, and to encourage them to assess their options and better plan their future.

Originality/value
This paper talks about how the shift in the retirement age will bring some challenges for companies and looks at how companies can address these changes. It also includes a mini case study.
Farewell to performance ratings
Authors: Wiskemann Gabriel 
Published: November 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the relation between individual performance and remuneration.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper critically examines the importance of payment systems as a means of directly controlling employee behavior.

Findings
Abolishing performance ratings does not mean denying the importance of performance as the essential reference value. Instead, it is precisely the concept of ongoing dialogue through which the performance aspect comes to the fore.

Originality/value
The paper examines dialogue as basis for performance-based payment.
Retaining older employees is a smart business move
Authors: Perrin Robert 
Published: November 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to warn that the short-term cost-cutting measure of laying off older employees can result in long-term problems. It stresses the value that older employees can add to organizations and offers insights on what employers should consider when trying to retain and attract older employees.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper combines the personal experience of a consultant whose employees are all over the age of 50 bolstered by surveys noting what older employees want and expect in the workplace.

Findings
The paper concludes that older employees help companies save money by sharing their wealth of experience and helping younger employees avoid mistakes they have made or witnessed in their own careers. The paper argues that to retain and attract the best older employees, companies need to be flexible, provide good compensation and offer work that is interesting and meaningful. Just like younger employees, many older employees want companies that provide time-off for family commitments and offer opportunities for advancement.

Originality/value
This paper goes beyond detailing the value of older employees, in terms of knowledge, loyalty and connections and offers tips on how to attract and retain older employees from someone who successfully does so in his own business.
From Fusion to Agglutination: The Case of Asia Minor Greek
Authors: Revithiadou Anthi , Spyropoulos Vassilios , Markopoulos Giorgos 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis article examines the nominal inflectional system of a group of Asia Minor Greek dialects (Dawkins,), which developed, in parallel with the fusional inflectional system, an agglutinative one due to language contact with Turkish. We argue that the ‘old’ fusional ending or the theme vowel was reanalyzed as part of the nominal stem. This novel structure was actualized by means of two competing options: in some dialects, the reanalysis was actualized transparently in all inflectional forms rendering an agglutinative pattern of inflection, whereas in dialects with limited agglutination the actualization took the form of a special type of vowel assimilation. More specifically, as part of the nominal stem, the ‘old’ theme vowel signals its merge with the root by allowing it to absorbsomeorallof its features. Formally, the phonological process is treated as an instance ofindirect licensing(Walker 2011), according to which the theme vowel acts as a trigger due to its privileged position as a segment of the categorizern, i.e. the head of the stem.
Ecomorphology of the digestive tract of the brazilian electric ray Narcine brasiliensis (Olfers, 1831) (Torpediniformes: Narcinidae)
Authors: Marinsek Gabriela Pustiglione , Viliod Marcela Coffacci de Lima , Mari Renata de Britto 
Published: November 2016

AbstractElasmobranchii shows particular characteristics that make them susceptible to the impacts caused by fishing pressure, especially bottom trawling, which mostly affect rays, as they have demersal habits. Based on food availability and feeding ability, Polychaeta and Sipunculiforme are the bases of Brazilian electric ray Narcine brasiliensis diet. Morphologically, the digestion starts in the oesophagus with acid mucines action. The existence of acid and neutral mucines in the posterior intestine prevents lesions in the mucosa and favours the passage of faeces and shell residues. Thus, this study shows the interaction between their habitat, the organisms and their morphophysiology.
Salivary DNA Methylation Profiling: Aspects to Consider for Biomarker Identification
Authors: Langie Sabine A. S. , Moisse Matthieu , Declerck Ken , Koppen Gudrun , Godderis Lode , Vanden Berghe Wim , Drury Stacy , De Boever Patrick 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIs it not more comfortable to spit saliva in a tube than to be pricked with a needle to draw blood to analyse your health and disease risk? Many patients, study participants and (parents of) young children undoubtedly prefer non‐invasive and convenient procedures. Such procedures increase compliance rates especially for longitudinal prospective studies. Saliva is an attractive biofluid providing good quality DNA to study epigenetic mechanisms underlying disease across development. In this MiniReview, we will describe the different applications of saliva in the field of epigenetics, focusing on genomewide methylation analysis. Advantages of the use of saliva and its comparability with blood will be discussed, as will the challenges in data processing and interpretation. Knowledge gaps will be identified and suggestions given on how to improve the analysis, making saliva ‘the’ biofluid of choice for future biomarker initiatives in many different epidemiological and public health studies.
Concentrations of 90Sr and 137Cs/90Sr activity ratios in marine fishes after the Fukushima Dai‐ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident
Authors: Miki Shizuho , Fujimoto Ken , Shigenobu Yuya , Ambe Daisuke , Kaeriyama Hideki , Takagi Kaori , Ono Tsuneo , Watanabe Tomowo , Sugisaki Hiroya , Morita Takami 
Published: November 2016

AbstractStrontium‐90 (90Sr) was released together with radioactive cesium (Cs) from the Fukushima Dai‐ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FNPP) accident. Although the total amount of 90Sr released into the marine environment from the FNPP was estimated to be a factor of 100 lower than that of 137Cs, the public have been concerned about the safety of commercial species because of the tendency of accumulation in bones of organisms, its long physical half‐life and less information about 90Sr concentrations in commercial species. In this study, we investigated the concentrations of 90Sr in marine fishes off Japan before and after the FNPP accident. Except for within a 20‐km radius from the FNPP, 90Sr concentrations higher than the background level (<0.046 Bq kg−1 wet) were only detected in 4 of 26 specimens collected off Fukushima. Furthermore, 90Sr concentrations in all samples collected outside of Fukushima were under the detection limit (<0.040 Bq kg−1 wet). Also, the concentrations of 90Sr in marine fishes were notably lower than those of 137Cs, and thus the activity ratios of 137Cs to 90Sr in the whole body of teleost fishes were 5–190 times higher than that of before the accident. The activity ratio tended to decrease owing to a decrease in the 137Cs concentration in marine fish. Our result together with ananalysis of other data sets indicated that the influence of the FNPP accident on 90Sr in marine fishes was limited to the area near the FNPP and outside of the FNPP harbor area can be considered as negligible.
Weighting and Aggregation in Life Cycle Assessment: Do Present Aggregated Single Scores Provide Correct Decision Support?
Authors: Kalbar Pradip P. , Birkved Morten , Nygaard Simon Elsborg , Hauschild Michael 
Published: November 2016

SummaryThis study investigates the prevailing practice of obtaining single scores in life cycle assessment (LCA) and identifies potential lacunas in impact assessment methodology related to the results of aggregation into endpoints and single scores. In order to conduct this investigation, a detailed approach was adopted to facilitate identification of three main problems related to the single‐score calculation approach. The prevailing ReCiPe single‐score calculation method does not account for either the effect of so‐called dominating alternatives (i.e., alternatives having high values across all endpoints) or the interdependency of the indicators being aggregated. It was also found that the simple linear weighted sum method, presently used for obtaining single scores, is not capable of accounting for the effect of weighting schemes and thus cannot realistically represent stakeholders’ perspectives. Finally, we propose a distance‐based multiple attribute decision‐making method for use in obtaining single scores. This method was found to be more suitable, given that it takes into account the weighting schemes and types of indicators in the process of estimating single scores. The new single‐score calculation method proposed here is considered ideal for environmental decision‐making problems in the context of life cycle sustainability assessment. Thus, it is also ideal for situations in which more‐complex decision‐making situations will emerge by combining LCA indicators (midpoints or endpoints) with other indicators representing the performance of a system from economic and social perspectives.
Determinants of Relative Sectoral Prices: The Role of Demographic Change
Authors: Groneck Max , Kaufmann Christoph 
Published: November 2016

AbstractDemographic change raises demand for non‐tradable old‐age related services relative to tradable commodities. This demand shift increases the relative price of non‐tradables and thereby causes real exchange rates to appreciate. We claim that the change in demand affects prices via imperfect intersectoral factor mobility. Using a sample of 15 OECD countries, we estimate a robust increase of relative prices. According to our main estimate, up to one fifth of the average increase in relative prices between 1970 and 2009 can be attributed to population ageing. Further findings confirm the relevance of imperfect factor mobility: Countries with more rigid labour markets experience stronger price effects.
Ghrelin function in human obesity and type 2 diabetes: a concise review
Authors: Churm R , Davies JS , Stephens JW , Prior SL 
Published: November 2016

SummaryThe 28 amino acid hormone, ghrelin, has been found to have various effects on metabolism. This review will focus on the pathways integrated into ghrelin's effect within the hypothalamus, pancreas and adipocytes. The identification of molecules and pathways that regulate ghrelin‐mediated lipid retention could establish new mechanisms underlying cellular energy homeostasis. The impact of acyl‐ghrelin on glucose metabolism and lipid homeostasis may allow for novel preventative or early intervention therapeutic strategies to treat obesity related type 2 diabetes and associated metabolic dysfunction.
Community‐based participatory research: an innovative approach for improving perioperative care of underserved children
Authors: Rosales Alvina , Fortier Michelle A. , Campos Belinda , Vivero Marla , Martinez Ariana , Huerta Nancy , Zolghadr Sheeva , Adlard Kathleen , Kain Zeev N. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryPediatric disparities disproportionately affect Latino youth undergoing surgery and their families. As such, there is a critical need for culturally relevant frameworks that can advance perioperative intervention approaches in this population and reduce these disparities. In the following article, we first describe the methodological process of community‐based participatory research (CBPR) and next report the results of the CBPR process that was conducted in this population. An interdisciplinary group of investigators, Latina mothers, and various other stakeholders met for a series of CBPR‐based structured meetings. Qualitative data collection and analyses of the CBPR process were guided by principles of grounded theory that employs inductive techniques and constant comparison analyses until reaching saturation of data. Barriers identified in the process can be grouped within the following domains: child‐related factors, family‐related factors, health care provider factors, and hospital system factors. Family system factors category (coded references = 136) had the highest number of coded references; this category was found to be best described by the value of familismo or familism, including a duty to help family members when in need. The health care provider category (coded references = 42) was ranked second by frequency. Within this category, two major themes surfaced: health care provider cultural competence and overestimating health literacy. All barriers identified will be next incorporated in an innovative behavioral intervention that is currently being developed. We conclude that the model of CBPR can be used within the context of perioperative care of children and their families.
The predictive value of resistive index obtained by Doppler ultrasonography early after renal transplantation on long‐term allograft function
Authors: Melek Engin , Baskın Esra , Gulleroglu Kaan , Uslu Nihal , Kırnap Mahir , Moray Gokhan , Haberal Mehmet 
Published: November 2016

AbstractDUSG is a useful diagnostic tool for the follow‐up of renal transplant recipients. The measurement of intrarenal arterial RI by DUSG has been proven to predict short‐term AF. The aim of the study was to evaluate the predictive value of DUSG performed during the early after RTx on long‐term AF. Seventy patients were enrolled into study. DUSG was performed at third and seventh days after RTx. Patients were divided into two groups according to rate of recovery of graft function as patients with normal graft function and abnormal graft function. Although the RI values were correlated with the AF early after transplantation, they were not correlated with long‐term AF. However, the rate of recovery of graft function at early period after RTx was correlated with creatinine level at first year and with glomerular filtration rate at first year and last visit. Although the RI has no predictive value for long‐term AF, the rate of recovery of graft function at early post‐transplantation period has predictive value for long‐term AF; patients with higher RI values early after RTx should be followed carefully for the development of chronic allograft injury.
Angle β of greater than 80° at the start of spirometry may identify high‐quality flow volume curves
Authors: Lian Ningfang , Li Li , Ren Weiying , Jiang Zhilong , Zhu Lei 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
Background and objectiveThe American Thoracic Society (ATS) and European Respiratory Society (ERS) emphasize a satisfactory start in maximal expiratory flow–volume (MEFV) curves and highlight subjective parameters: performance without hesitation and expiration with maximum force. We described a new parameter, angle β for characterization of the start to the MEFV curve.MethodsSubjects completed the MEFV curve at least three times and at least two curves met ATS/ERS quality. Subjects were divided into normal, restrictive and obstructive groups according to pulmonary function test results. The tangent line was drawn at the start of the MEFV curve's ascending limb to the x‐axis and the angle β between the tangent line and x‐axis was obtained. The relationships between tangent of β, pulmonary function parameters (PFPs) and anthropometric data were assessed. The MEFV curves with insufficient explosion at the start were considered as poor‐quality MEFV curves.ResultsIn 998 subjects with high‐quality spirometry, although PFP varied in relation to the three aspects: the angle β and its tangent were similar (P > 0.05), the tangent of β did not correlate with PFP or anthropometric measurements (P > 0.05) and the lower limit of normal (LLN) of the angle β was 80° in the group with high‐quality spirometry (P < 0.05). Angle β derived from poor‐quality MEFV curves was smaller than that from good quality one (P < 0.05).ConclusionAngle β may function as a parameter to assess the expiratory efforts, which can be used to assess the quality of the MEFV curve start.
Postreplication Roles of the
Brucella
VirB Type IV Secretion System Uncovered via Conditional Expression of the VirB11 ATPase
Authors: Smith Erin P. , Miller Cheryl N. , Child Robert , Cundiff Jennifer A. , Celli Jean 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT

Brucella abortus
, the bacterial agent of the worldwide zoonosis brucellosis, primarily infects host phagocytes, where it undergoes an intracellular cycle within a dedicated membrane-bound vacuole, the
Brucella
-containing vacuole (BCV). Initially of endosomal origin (eBCV), BCVs are remodeled into replication-permissive organelles (rBCV) derived from the host endoplasmic reticulum, a process that requires modulation of host secretory functions via delivery of effector proteins by the
Brucella
VirB type IV secretion system (T4SS). Following replication, rBCVs are converted into autophagic vacuoles (aBCVs) that facilitate bacterial egress and subsequent infections, arguing that the bacterium sequentially manipulates multiple cellular pathways to complete its cycle. The VirB T4SS is essential for rBCV biogenesis, as VirB-deficient mutants are stalled in eBCVs and cannot mediate rBCV biogenesis. This has precluded analysis of whether the VirB apparatus also drives subsequent stages of the
Brucella
intracellular cycle. To address this issue, we have generated a
B. abortus
strain in which VirB T4SS function is conditionally controlled via anhydrotetracycline (ATc)-dependent complementation of a deletion of the
virB11
gene encoding the VirB11 ATPase. We show in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) that early VirB production is essential for optimal rBCV biogenesis and bacterial replication. Transient expression of
virB11
prior to infection was sufficient to mediate normal rBCV biogenesis and bacterial replication but led to T4SS inactivation and decreased aBCV formation and bacterial release, indicating that these postreplication stages are also T4SS dependent. Hence, our findings support the hypothesis of additional, postreplication roles of type IV secretion in the
Brucella
intracellular cycle.

IMPORTANCE
Many intracellular bacterial pathogens encode specialized secretion systems that deliver effector proteins into host cells to mediate the multiple stages of their intracellular cycles. Because these intracellular events occur sequentially, classical genetic approaches cannot address the late roles that these apparatuses play, as secretion-deficient mutants cannot proceed past their initial defect. Here we have designed a functionally controllable VirB type IV secretion system (T4SS) in the bacterial pathogen
Brucella abortus
to decipher its temporal requirements during the bacterium’s intracellular cycle in macrophages. By controlling production of the VirB11 ATPase, which energizes the T4SS, we show not only that this apparatus is required early to generate the
Brucella
replicative organelle but also that it contributes to completion of the bacterium’s cycle and bacterial egress. Our findings expand upon the pathogenic functions of the
Brucella
VirB T4SS and illustrate targeting of secretion ATPases as a useful strategy to manipulate the activity of bacterial secretion systems.