bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Office-based simple frailty score and central blood pressure predict mild cognitive impairment in an apparently healthy Japanese population: J-SHIPP study
Authors: Ohara Maya , Kohara Katsuhiko , Okada Yoko , Ochi Masayuki , Nagai Tokihisa , Ohyagi Yasumasa , Tabara Yasuharu , Igase Michiya 
Published: April 2017

AbstractFrailty is associated with cognitive impairment and can be used to identify people at high risk for dementia. We developed a simple frailty (SF) score using a combination of low hand grip strength (<32.5 kg in men, <19.5 kg in women), and short one-leg standing time (<20 seconds). These can be easily measured in the clinician’s office when seeing patients. We investigated the possible association between SF score and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in a cross-sectional study with 838 independent middle-aged to elderly participants (319 men, mean age 65.1years). In total, 118 participants were diagnosed with MCI. A SF score of 2 was significantly associated with the presence of MCI (odds ratio 4.6, 95% confidence interval: 1.9–6.9, p = 0.0001) even after adjustment for age and sex. Stepwise regression analyses showed that a SF score of 2 was associated with the presence of MCI, independently of central pulse pressure and silent cerebral infarcts. These findings indicate that the SF score is a useful frailty parameter to predict MCI in an apparently independent population.
Stepwise cycloaddition reaction of N-phenacylbenzothiazolium bromides and nitroalkenes for tetrahydro-, dihydro- and benzo[d]pyrrolo[2,1-b]thiazoles
Authors: Jin Gong , Sun Jing , Yang Ren-Yin , Yan Chao-Guo 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe triethylamine promoted stepwise 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of N-phenacylbenzothiazolium bromides with nitroalkenes in ethanol resulted in a mixture of two isomeric tetrahydrobenzo[d]pyrrolo[2,1-b]thiazoles with cis/trans/cis- and all-trans-configurations. More importantly, the corresponding dihydrobenzo[d]pyrrolo[2,1-b]thiazoles can be selectively prepared in refluxing ethanol and the benzo[d]pyrrolo[2,1-b]thiazoles can be obtained in satisfactory yields by sequential dehydrogenation with DDQ as oxidizer. On the other hand, the similar cycloaddition reaction of N-phenacylbenzothiazolium bromides with 1-methy-1-nitroalkenes in refluxing ethanol afforded benzo[d]pyrrolo[2,1-b]thiazoles with splitting out of nitro group. The stereochemistry of the spiro compounds was clearly elucidated on the basis of NMR spectra and sixteen single crystal structures.
Sensory defects and developmental delay among children with congenital rubella syndrome
Authors: Toizumi Michiko , Nguyen Giang Thi Huong , Motomura Hideki , Nguyen Thanh Huu , Pham Enga , Kaneko Ken-ichi , Uematsu Masafumi , Nguyen Hien Anh Thi , Dang Duc Anh , Hashizume Masahiro , Yoshida Lay-Myint , Moriuchi Hiroyuki 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis study investigated the features of developmental difficulties combined with sensory defects in children with congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). Following a large rubella outbreak in Khanh Hoa Province, Vietnam, in 2011, we enrolled 41 children with CRS from September 2011 through May 2013. Fourteen participants died and six became untraceable by October 2013; the remaining 21 children were followed up from 2013 to 2015. Thirteen and seven participants had hearing and functional ophthalmological impairment, respectively. Developmental difficulties were suspected in 19 (95%) children who failed in at least one area of the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) and/or Denver II in 2013 and/or 2015. Developmental difficulties were frequently identified in the ASQ communication domain (n = 14 in 2013) and Denver II language area (n = 13 in 2013). Seven (41%) participants were suspected of having autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in 2013 by the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers. In 2015, proportions of children failing the problem-solving (62%) and personal–social (62%) domains had increased and two of 13 were diagnosed with ASD by the Childhood Autism Rating Scale, Second Edition. Developmental difficulties were suspected in most children with CRS, including autism largely combined with sensory dysfunction.
Unravelling mycorrhiza-induced wheat susceptibility to the English grain aphid Sitobion avenae
Authors: Simon Amma L. , Wellham Peter A. D. , Aradottir Gudbjorg I. , Gange Alan C. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractArbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are root symbionts that can increase or decrease aphid growth rates and reproduction, but the reason by which this happens is unknown. To investigate the underlying mechanisms of this interaction, we examined the effect of AM fungi on the English Grain aphid (Sitobion avenae) development, reproduction, attraction, settlement and feeding behaviour on two naturally susceptible varieties Triticum aestivum (L.) variety Solstice and T. monococcum MDR037, and two naturally resistant lines, T. monococcum MDR045 and MDR049. Mycorrhizal colonisation increased the attractiveness of T. aestivum var. Solstice to aphids, but there was no effect on aphid development on this variety. Using the Electrical Penetration Graph (EPG) technique, we found that mycorrhizal colonisation increased aphid phloem feeding on T. monococcum MDR037 and MDR045, colonisation also increased growth rate and reproductive success of S. avenae on these varieties. Mycorrhizas increased vascular bundle size, demonstrating that these fungi can influence plant anatomy. We discuss if and how this could be related to an enhanced success rate in phloem feeding in two varieties. Overall, we present and discuss how mycorrhizal fungi can affect the feeding behaviour of S. avenae in wheat, inducing susceptibility in a resistant variety.
Meta-signature LncRNAs serve as novel biomarkers for colorectal cancer: integrated bioinformatics analysis, experimental validation and diagnostic evaluation
Authors: Dai Meiyu , Chen Xiaoli , Mo Shanying , Li Jinwan , Huang Zhizhuo , Huang Shifeng , Xu Junyi , He Baoyu , Zou Yan , Chen Jingfan , Dai Shengming 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe aim of this study is to explore the differentially expressed lncRNAs, which may have potential biological function and diagnostic value in colorectal cancer (CRC). Through integrated data mining, we finally identified nine differentially expressed lncRNAs and their potential mRNA targets. After a series of bioinformatics analyses, we screened significant pathways and GO terms that are related to the up-regulated and down-regulated transcripts respectively. Meanwhile, the nine lncRNAs were validated in 30 paired tissues and cell lines by qRT-PCR and the results were basically consistent with the microarray data. We also tested the nine lncRNAs in the serum of 30 CRC patients matched with the CRC tissue, 30 non-cancer patients and 30 health controls. Finally, we found that BLACAT1 was significant for the diagnosis of CRC. The area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity were 0.858 (95% CI: 0.765–0.951), 83.3% and 76.7% respectively between CRC patients and health controls. Moreover, BLACAT1 also had distinct value to discriminate CRC from other non-cancer diseases. The results indicated that the differentially expressed lncRNAs and their potential target transcripts could be considered as potential therapeutic targets for CRC patients. Meanwhile, lncRNA BLACAT1 might represent a new supplementary biomarker for the diagnosis of CRC.
Study on response characteristics of grid‐side converter controller of PMSG to sub‐synchronous frequency component
Authors: Bi Tianshu , Li Jingyi , Zhang Peng , Mitchell‐Colgan Elliot , Xiao Shiwu 
Published: April 2017

Multiple sub‐/super‐synchronous frequency components were detected when sub‐synchronous oscillation (SSO) occured in permanent magent synchronous generator (PMSG)‐based wind farm in Northwest China. This caused three 600 MW turbine generators to trip because of torsional oscillation of the shaft. Then for one year, for eliminating the multiple frequency components, the relevant wind farms have been tripped for 111 times. The tripped wind power sometimes could even be up to 300 MW. However, the multiple frequency components' producing mechanism is still not clear. This study explains the mechanism by analysing the response characteristics of grid‐side converter (GSC) controller to the sub‐synchronous frequency component. When a sub‐synchronous frequency component is fed into GSC controller as an input signal, the expression for the output signal is derived. Furthermore, the frequency transformation relationship between input and output signals, the amplitudes of multiple frequency components in output signals are all discussed in detail. The theoretical analysis is then validated by the simulation results and the on‐site data measured by the phasor measurement unit (PMU). With the theoretical analysis, the main frequency components which should be suppressed are determined. The multiple frequency components can be mitigated not by tripping wind farms any more. This is conducive to the accommodation of renewable energy.
The Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Vitamin E Co-Supplementation on Indices of Insulin Resistance and Hormonal Parameters in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Ebrahimi Faraneh Afshar , Samimi Mansooreh , Foroozanfard Fatemeh , Jamilian Mehri , Akbari Hossein , Rahmani Elham , Ahmadi Shahnaz , Taghizadeh Mohsen , Memarzadeh Mohammad Reza , Asemi Zatollah 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis study was conducted to determine the effects of omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin E co-supplementation on indices of insulin resistance and hormonal parameters in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).This randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was done on 68 women diagnosed with PCOS according to the Rotterdam criteria aged 18–40 years old. Participants were randomly assigned into 2 groups to receive either 1 000 mg omega-3 fatty acids from flaxseed oil containing 400 mg α-Linolenic acid plus 400 IU vitamin E supplements (n=34) or placebo (n=34) for 12 weeks. Hormonal parameters were quantified at the beginning of the study and after 12-week intervention.After 12 weeks of intervention, compared to the placebo, omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin E co-supplementation resulted in a significant decrease in insulin (−1.0±3.5 vs. +2.7±6.6 µIU/mL, P=0.004), homeostasis model of assessment-estimated insulin resistance (−0.2±0.8 vs. +0.6±1.5, P=0.005), homeostasis model of assessment-estimated B cell function (−4.3±14.3 vs. +10.5±24.5, P=0.004) and a significant increase in quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (+0.006±0.02 vs. −0.01±0.04, P=0.008). Supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids plus vitamin E led to significant reductions in serum total testosterone (−0.5±0.7 vs. −0.1±0.5 ng/mL, P=0.008) and free testosterone (−1.2±2.1 vs. −0.2±1.7, P=0.04) compared to the placebo group. We did not observe any significant effect of omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin E co-supplementation on fasting plasma glucose and other hormonal profiles.Omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin E co-supplementation for 12 weeks in PCOS women significantly improved indices of insulin resistance, total and free testosterone.
Effect of Saxagliptin on Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Endothelial Function in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Li Fang , Chen Jiachao , Leng Fei , Lu Zhiqiang , Ling Yan 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is associated with the risk of cardiovascular complications in diabetic patients. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) are common markers of endothelial function. In this study, we aim to investigate whether the DPP-4 inhibitor saxagliptin modulate EPCs number and FMD in newly diagnosed, treatment-naive type 2 diabetic patients.
This was a controlled, randomized, open-label clinical trial. Saxagliptin group and metformin group consumed either saxagliptin 5 mg per day or metformin 1 500 mg per day respectively for 12 weeks. Changes of FMD and EPCs number after 12-week intervention were the primary endpoints.
31 patients were initially enrolled and randomized to saxagliptin group (n=16) and metformin group (n=15). 27 patients completed the trial (saxagliptin group n=14 and metformin group n=13), and 4 patients dropped out during the study. FMD and EPCs number increased significantly in both saxagliptin group and metformin group, and there was no significant difference between groups. 2-h postprandial plasma glucose, HbA1c and diastolic blood pressure improved significantly in both groups, and there was no significant difference between groups.
Saxagliptin and metformin had comparable beneficial effects on endothelial function.
Influence of Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents on HbA1c and Fructosamine in Patients with Haemodialysis
Authors: Rasche Franz , Ebert Thomas , Beckmann Julia , Busch Volker , Barinka Filip , Rasche Wilma , Lindner Tom , Schneider Jochen , Schiekofer Stephan 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
HbA1c is the most accepted laboratory parameter for the long term observation of glucose control. There is still much of a debate about the use of HbA1c as a metabolic indicator in diabetic patients (DM) on haemodialysis (HD) and erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) therapy because of the altered erythrocyte turn over in patients with chronic kidney disease and haemodialysis (CKD5D).
In 102 CKD5 patients with and without diabetes mellitus, we examined the dose dependent variability in HbA1c and fructosamine levels under haemodialysis and treated with epoetin α (n=48) and a new generation agent with continuous stimulation of methoxy polyethylene glycol epoetin beta (C.E.R.A.; n=54).
HbA1c levels were affected by therapy with ESA treatments. ESA dose was inversely correlated with HbA1c and an escalation of 10.000 IU per week induced an estimated decrease of HbA1c of 0.6 percent. In addition, the increase of reticulocyte number as a marker for erythropoiesis was significantly inversely correlated with the increase of ΔHbA1c. ESA treatments had no such effect on the alternative metabolic parameter fructosamine. When compared, both therapeutic agents had comparable success in attaining haemoglobin (Hb) target values. C.E.R.A. showed better correlation and was more effective over a longer dose interval.
Our results show that HbA1c levels in patients should be carefully interpreted based on interfering factors. Nevertheless, HbA1c is currently the most consistent parameter for use ascertaining metabolic status of patients suffering from diabetes mellitus.
Type 2 Diabetes is Associated with Lower Cardiorespiratory Fitness Independent of Pulmonary Function in Severe Obesity
Authors: Wilms Britta , Ernst Barbara , Thurnheer Martin , Spengler Christina , Schultes Bernd 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Both severe obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are associated with reduced pulmonary function and reduced cardiorespiratory fitness. We investigated whether T2DM further aggravates the impaired pulmonary function and cardiorespiratory fitness in subjects with severe obesity.
In this cross-sectional study pulmonary function (forced expiratory volume within 1 s, FEV1; vital capacity, VC) was assessed in 65 severely obese subjects with T2DM (T2DM group) and 65 severely obese subjects without T2DM (non-T2DM group), pairwise matched for sex, age, weight, and height. In 30 of the matched pairs, cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed by an incremental bicycle test (peak workload, Wpeak, oxygen uptake, V̇O2,peak).
FEV1 and VC did not differ between the T2DM and non-T2DM group (all p≥0.110), whereas Wpeak and V̇O2,peak - absolute values as well as relative to body mass - were significantly lower in subjects with T2DM compared to those without T2DM (all p≤0.030). Objective markers of maximal exertion, i. e., maximal heart rate and respiratory exchange ratio, did not differ between the 2 groups (both p≥0.245).
The presence of T2DM in subjects with severe obesity is associated with lower cardiorespiratory fitness but with no further reduction in pulmonary function compared to subjects with severe obesity but without T2DM. While the cause-effect relationship of this association is not yet clear, these findings highlight the interplay between cardiorespiratory fitness and metabolic health, even in subjects with severe obesity.
EFSUMB Guidelines and Recommendations on the Clinical Use of Liver Ultrasound Elastography, Update 2017 (Long Version)
Authors: Dietrich Christoph , Bamber Jeffrey , Berzigotti Annalisa , Bota Simona , Cantisani Vito , Castera Laurent , Cosgrove David , Ferraioli Giovanna , Friedrich-Rust Mireen , Gilja Odd , Goertz Ruediger , Karlas Thomas , de Knegt Robert , de Ledinghen Victor , Piscaglia Fabio , Procopet Bogdan , Saftoiu Adrian , Sidhu Paul , Sporea Ioan , Thiele Maja 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe present here the first update of the 2013 EFSUMB (European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology) Guidelines and Recommendations on the clinical use of elastography, focused on the assessment of diffuse liver disease. The first part (long version) of these Guidelines and Recommendations deals with the basic principles of elastography and provides an update of how the technology has changed. The practical advantages and disadvantages associated with each of the techniques are described, and guidance is provided regarding optimization of scanning technique, image display, image interpretation, reporting of data and some of the known image artefacts. The second part provides clinical information about the practical use of elastography equipment and the interpretation of results in the assessment of diffuse liver disease and analyzes the main findings based on published studies, stressing the evidence from meta-analyses. The role of elastography in different etiologies of liver disease and in several clinical scenarios is also discussed. All of the recommendations are judged with regard to their evidence-based strength according to the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Levels of Evidence. This updated document is intended to act as a reference and to provide a practical guide for both beginners and advanced clinical users.
Methylglyoxal and Advanced Glycation End Products in Patients with Diabetes – What We Know so Far and the Missing Links
Authors: Groener Jan Benedikt , Oikonomou Dimitrios , Cheko Ruan , Kender Zoltan , Zemva Johanna , Kihm Lars , Muckenthaler Martina , Peters Verena , Fleming Thomas , Kopf Stefan , Nawroth Peter P. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractHyperglycemia explains the development of late diabetic complications in patients with diabetes type 1 and type 2 only partially. Most therapeutic efforts relying on intensive glucose control failed to decrease the absolute risk for complications by more than 10%, especially in patients with diabetes type 2. Therefore, alternative pathophysiological pathways have to be examined, in order to develop more individualized treatment options for patients with diabetes in the future. One such pathway might be the metabolism of dicarbonyls, among them methylglyoxal and the accumulation of advanced glycation end products. Here we review currently available epidemiological data on dicarbonyls and AGEs in association with human diabetes type 1 and type 2.
Understanding gesture
Authors: Kelly Spencer D. , Church R. Breckinridge , Alibali Martha W. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Gestures offer additional information that is not captured in speech. This essential finding is a bouncing off point for the chapters in this book, which attempt to explain what purpose gesture serves when we speak, think and communicate. Aristotle’s framework is used to describe how the research on gesture can be classified into efficient causes (what factors drive gesture) and final causes (what purpose does gesture potentially serve). The chapters of the book are laid out by research that examines how gesture functions in language and thinking for the producer (Part 1) and the observer (Part 2) with a final section that discusses some theoretical implications (Part 3).
The asymmetric redundancy of gesture and speech
Authors: de Ruiter J.P. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
A number of studies from the last decades have demonstrated that iconic gestures are shaped not only by our mental imagery but also, quite strongly, by structural properties of the accompanying speech. These findings are problematic for the central assumption in the Sketch Model (De Ruiter, 2000) about the function of representational gesture. I suggest a seemingly small but fundamental modification to the processing assumptions in the Sketch Model that not only accommodates the discussed empirical findings, but also explains many other well-known gesture phenomena. The new model also generates new and testable predictions regarding the relationship between gesture and speech.
Exchange on gesture-speech unity
Authors: Lopez-Ozieblo Renia , McNeill David 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The following is the edited version of an exchange that took place in 2013 between Renia Lopez-Ozieblo and David McNeill on McNeill’s paper Gesture – Speech Unity – What it is, where it comes from(in this volume) and his 2012 book How Language Began: Gesture and Speech in Human Evolution. The exchange began as a series of questions on the synchronicity of gesture and speech in the Growth Point (GP). This led to some basic questions on the GP itself and Mead’s Loop. The GP is created through the translation of our experiences (embodiment) as a combination of gesture and speech that allow us to capture, describe and transmit those experiences as thoughts.
Multi-modal communication of common ground
Authors: Holler Judith , Bavelas Janet 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Until recently, the literature on common ground depicted its influence as a purely verbal phenomenon. We review current research on how common ground influences gesture. With informative exceptions, most experiments found that speakers used fewer gestures as well as fewer words in common ground contexts; i.e., the gesture/word ratio did not change. Common ground often led to more poorly articulated gestures, which parallels its effect on words. These findings support the principle of recipient design as well as more specific social functions such as grounding, the given-new contract, and Grice’s maxims. However, conceptual pacts or linking old with new information may maintain the original form. All together, these findings implicate gesture-speech ensembles rather than isolated effects on gestures alone.
Understanding gesture as representational action
Authors: Novack Miriam A. , Goldin-Meadow Susan 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
A great deal of attention has recently been paid to gesture and its effects on thinking and learning. This chapter sets forth a theoretical framework for exploring why gesture serves the functions that it does. The framework distinguishes gestures, which are representational actions, from instrumental actions, which interact directly with objects and cause physical changes to the world. The theory proposes that gesture’s status as representational action is what best explains its functions with respect to thinking and learning. Most notably, because gestures are abstracted representations and are not actions tied to particular events and objects, they can play a powerful role in thinking and learning beyond the particular, specifically, in supporting generalization and transfer of knowledge.