bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychodynamic technique early in treatment related to outcome for depressed patients
Authors: Katz Michael , Hilsenroth Mark J. 
Published: December 2017

We examined the relationship between psychodynamic techniques early in treatment with reliable change in depressive symptomatology. Forty‐six patients admitted for individual psychodynamic psychotherapy who received a diagnosis representative of a depressive spectrum disorder were assessed pretreatment and posttreatment through self‐report of depressive symptoms. Videotapes from two early treatment sessions (3rd and 9th) were independently rated on the Comparative Psychotherapy Process Scale for use of psychodynamic‐interpersonal and cognitive–behavioural techniques, with excellent interrater reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient > .75). We found a significant relationship between overall use of psychodynamic technique across early treatment (r = .31,p = .036), as well as specific psychodynamic techniques delivered across early treatment, with change in patient‐reported depressive symptoms. Our findings suggest that focusing on affective experiencing and expression, as well as providing interpretations are particularly helpful early in psychodynamic treatment for depression. Clinical implications and future directions are discussed.
Growth hormone isoform‐differential mass spectrometry for doping control purposes
Authors: Arsene Cristian , Schulze Dirk , Röthke Anita , Thevis Mario , Henrion André 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMass spectrometry (MS) allows for monitoring growth hormone (GH) isoform compositions at high specificity. It is demonstrated that this capability can be used to reliably detect alterations as elicited by (putative) doping with 22 kDa‐GH. Sample treatment consists of enzymatic protein cleavage, followed by 2‐step liquid chromatography clean‐up, prior to analysis by MS. The protocol does not depend on antibodies for analyte extraction at any stage. Therefore, MS opens an opportunity for independent confirmation, if combined with the antibody‐based isoform differential test presently used in practice. To check the fitness‐for‐purpose of this concept, GH‐free serum was spiked with pure 22 kDa‐ and 20 kDa‐GH covering a representative range of concentrations (0.5–9.4 μg/L), while the 22kDa fraction was within a range of 80%–85%, or at 100%, the latter simulating an administration of 22 kDa‐GH. Mean deviation of 22 kDa‐fractions found was within less than 3% for samples with total GH>= 1 μg/L . Beyond this, results by antibody‐free isoform‐differential MS, as described, were in line with those of the World Anti‐Doping Agency‐approved antibody‐based test for 18 native sera and 3 positive controls. In this context, relating 22 kDa‐GH to total‐GH rather than 22 kDa+20 kDa was considered as an alternative strategy to earlier approaches. However, 20 kDa‐GH as an additional measurand, next to 22 kDa‐ and total‐GH, provides useful extra information, as it directly indicates the presence or absence of a non‐22 kDa‐GH form.
Effect of glucocorticoid administration on the steroid profile
Authors: Coll Sergi , Matabosch Xavier , Garrostas Lorena , Perez‐Maña Clara , Ventura Rosa 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe steroid profile (SP) is a powerful tool to detect the misuse of endogenous anabolic androgenic steroids in sports, and it is included in the Athlete Biological Passport (ABP). Glucocorticoids (GCs), which are widely prescribed in sports and only prohibited in competition by systemic routes, inhibit the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis. Since the metabolites monitored in the SP have a partial adrenal origin, their excretion in urine might be altered by GCs consumption. The aim of the present work was to investigate if GCs administered by either systemic or local routes could influence the SP parameters. Three of the most frequently detected GCs in sports (prednisolone, betamethasone, and triamcinolone acetonide) were administered to healthy male and female volunteers (n=40) using different administration routes (topical, oral, and intramuscular administration at different doses). In total, 66 administrations of GCs were performed. Urine samples were collected before and after GCs administration. The SP was measured using gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. The excretion rates of the SP metabolites decreased after systemic GCs administration. This excretion decrease showed to be associated with the dose and the administration route. However, the individual evaluation of the SP ratios (T/E, A/T, A/Etio, 5αAdiol/5βAdiol, and 5αAdiol/E) led to normal sequences for all the conditions tested. Therefore, GCs administration did not produce misinterpretations on the ABP evaluation. According to these results, GCs administration should not distort the establishment of normal ranges of the SP ratios, and does not need to be considered a confounding factor in the SP evaluation.
Delayed egg‐laying and shortened incubation duration of Arctic‐breeding shorebirds coincide with climate cooling
Authors: Kwon Eunbi , English Willow B. , Weiser Emily L. , Franks Samantha E. , Hodkinson David J. , Lank David B. , Sandercock Brett K. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBiological impacts of climate change are exemplified by shifts in phenology. As the timing of breeding advances, the within‐season relationships between timing of breeding and reproductive traits may change and cause long‐term changes in the population mean value of reproductive traits. We investigated long‐term changes in the timing of breeding and within‐season patterns of clutch size, egg volume, incubation duration, and daily nest survival of three shorebird species between two decades. Based on previously known within‐season patterns and assuming a warming trend, we hypothesized that the timing of clutch initiation would advance between decades and would be coupled with increases in mean clutch size, egg volume, and daily nest survival rate. We monitored 1,378 nests of western sandpipers, semipalmated sandpipers, and red‐necked phalaropes at a subarctic site during 1993–1996 and 2010–2014. Sandpipers have biparental incubation, whereas phalaropes have uniparental incubation. We found an unexpected long‐term cooling trend during the early part of the breeding season. Three species delayed clutch initiation by 5 days in the 2010s relative to the 1990s. Clutch size and daily nest survival showed strong within‐season declines in sandpipers, but not in phalaropes. Egg volume showed strong within‐season declines in one species of sandpiper, but increased in phalaropes. Despite the within‐season patterns in traits and shifts in phenology, clutch size, egg volume, and daily nest survival were similar between decades. In contrast, incubation duration did not show within‐season variation, but decreased by 2 days in sandpipers and increased by 2 days in phalaropes. Shorebirds demonstrated variable breeding phenology and incubation duration in relation to climate cooling, but little change in nonphenological components of traits. Our results indicate that the breeding phenology of shorebirds is closely associated with the temperature conditions on breeding ground, the effects of which can vary among reproductive traits and among sympatric species.
Forest composition effect on wildfire pattern and run‐off regime in a Mediterranean watershed
Authors: Ohana‐Levi Noa , Givati Amir , Paz‐Kagan Tarin , Karnieli Arnon 
Published: December 2017

AbstractFire may alter land cover throughout the landscape and affect run‐off responses to rainfall events in a burnt watershed. Therefore, the challenge is to understand the interactions between forest composition and fire patterns in a karstic, Mediterranean watershed that affects the run‐off regime. The aim of this research is to improve the understanding of the interactive effects of wildfire and land‐cover change on the rainfall–run‐off relationship in a first‐order watershed. To achieve this goal, satellite imagery, official spatial data, and hydrological modelling were used to study forest composition in relation to extreme fire and to simulate run‐off response for 2 rainfall events. The results show that an extreme wildfire had a greater impact on planted forest, composed mostly of pines, than on native species. Additionally, it was found that the land‐cover alternation due to fire affected the run‐off regime and contributed to an increase in maximum discharge and run‐off volume for the 2 rainfall events by ~39–47%. During the regeneration period, the run‐off response for the 2 rainfall events decreased by ~7.7–9%. Wildfires may impact the run‐off response more profoundly as the plantation of pine trees increases. A greater increase in run‐off response may endanger infrastructure in terms of flooding and affect the population well‐being. Watershed management in areas where afforestation is considered should focus on planting native species that are less flammable rather than introducing combustible pines, thus reducing the hydrologic impacts of land‐cover alteration due to wildfire, especially when climate warms and wildfires become more frequent and intense.
Changes in foliage projective cover and its implications for mapping groundwater dependent vegetation across a precipitation gradient
Authors: Parker Brett M. , Sheldon Fran , Phinn Stuart , Ward Doug 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAdequate protection of groundwater dependent vegetation (GDV) at the landscape scale (>104 km2) is often hampered as their extent is poorly mapped. Remote sensing data sets have previously been used to delineate GDV by analysing both actual and changes, in green biomass over space and time. The rationale behind such approaches is based on the phenological characteristics of GDV, which often retain greater mean green biomass during dry periods, in comparison to vegetation with access to soil moisture only. However, such methods are hampered by inadequate knowledge about how average annual precipitation, seasonality, and differing water regimes of vegetation communities within a landscape influence green biomass. Therefore, we aimed to test for amount of foliage projective cover (FPC) and variation in FPC as indicators of GDV presence. We assessed differences in the FPC of GDV at 3 sites across a 1,500 mm−1 year−1 precipitation gradient, ranging from arid inland to humid coastal environments in Southern Queensland, Australia. Overall, we found that average annual precipitation had the largest influence on predicting FPC followed by seasonality. During winter in the semi‐arid and humid environments (season with least precipitation), FPC for non‐GDV was higher than subsurface GDV. For our study area, GDV delineation on the basis of higher green biomass than surrounding vegetation was effective when average annual precipitation was less than ~600 mm−1 year−1.
Stream channel erosion in a rapidly urbanizing region of the US–Mexico border: documenting the importance of channel hardpoints with Structure‐from‐Motion photogrammetry
Authors: Taniguchi Kristine T. , Biggs Trent W. , Langendoen Eddy J. , Castillo Carlos , Gudino‐Elizondo Napoleon , Yuan Yongping , Liden Douglas 
Published: December 2017

AbstractUrbanization can lead to accelerated stream channel erosion, especially in areas experiencing rapid population growth, unregulated urban development on erodible soils, and variable enforcement of environmental regulations. A combination of field surveys and Structure‐from‐Motion (SfM) photogrammetry techniques was used to document spatial patterns in stream channel geometry in a rapidly urbanizing watershed, Los Laureles Canyon (LLCW), in Tijuana, Mexico. Ground‐based SfM photogrammetry was used to map channel dimensions with 1 to 2 cm vertical mean error for four stream reaches (100–300 m long) that were highly variable and difficult to survey with a differential GPS. Regional channel geometry curves for LLCW had statistically larger slopes and intercepts compared with regional curves developed for comparable, undisturbed reference channels. Cross‐sectional areas of channels downstream of hardpoints, such as concrete reaches or culverts, were up to 64 times greater than reference channels, with enlargement persisting, in some cases, up to 230 m downstream. Percentage impervious cover was not a good predictor of channel enlargement. Proximity to upstream hardpoint, and lack of riparian and bank vegetation paired with highly erodible bed and bank materials may account for the instability of the highly enlarged and unstable cross‐sections. Channel erosion due to urbanization accounts for approximately 25–40% of the total sediment budget for the watershed, and channel erosion downstream of hardpoints accounts for one‐third of all channel erosion. Channels downstream of hardpoints should be stabilized to prevent increased inputs of sediment to the Tijuana Estuary and local hazards near the structures, especially in areas with urban settlements near the stream channel. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural and functional responses of periphyton and macroinvertebrate communities to ferric Fe, Cu, and Zn in stream mesocosms
Authors: Cadmus Pete , Guasch Helena , Herdrich Adam T. , Bonet Berta , Urrea Gemma , Clements William H. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Two mesocosm experiments were conducted to examine effects of ferric iron (Fe) and mixtures of ferric Fe with aqueous metals (Cu, Zn) on stream benthic communities. Naturally colonized benthic communities were exposed to a gradient of ferric Fe (0, 0.4, 1.0, 2.5, 6.2, and 15.6 mg/L) that bracketed the current US Environmental Protection Agency water quality criterion value (1.0 mg/L). After 10 d of exposure to ferric Fe, total macroinvertebrate abundance, number of taxa, and abundance of all major macroinvertebrate groups (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera, and Diptera) were significantly reduced. Heptageniid mayflies and chironomids were especially sensitive to Fe oxide deposition and were significantly reduced at 0.4 and 1.0 mg/L total Fe, respectively. In a second mesocosm experiment, periphyton and macroinvertebrate communities were exposed to ferric Fe (0.60 mg/L) with or without aqueous Cu and Zn at 2 treatment levels: low (0.01 mg/L Cu + 0.1 mg/L Zn) and high (0.05 mg/L Cu + 0.5 mg/L Zn). In contrast to previous research, we observed no evidence of a protective effect of Fe on toxicity of metals. Growth rates and protein content of periphyton were significantly reduced by both ferric Fe and aqueous metals, whereas abundance of heptageniid mayflies (Cinygmula) and whole community metabolism were significantly reduced by ferric Fe alone. We hypothesize that Fe oxides inhibited algal growth and enhanced metal accumulation, leading to a reduction in the quantity and quality of food resources for grazers. Mesocosm experiments conducted using natural benthic communities provide a unique opportunity to quantify the relative importance of indirect physical effects and to develop a better understanding of the relationship between basal food resources and consumers in natural stream ecosystems. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1320–1329. © 2017 SETAC
Do health care reforms in Turkey have a significant effect in equal access to maternal and child health services in Turkey: An evidence from 20 years
Authors: Santas Fatih , Celik Yusuf , Eryurt Mehmet Ali 
Published: December 2017

SummaryThis study aimed to investigate whether there was an improvement in the equitable access to maternal and child health care services by examining the effects of socioeconomic and individual factors in Turkey from 1993 to 2013 and determine the effectiveness of health care reforms implemented mainly under the Health Transformation Program since 2003 on equitable access t;o maternal and child health care services in terms of years. The study used nationally representative 5 Turkey Demographic and Health Surveys (1993, 1998, 2003, 2008, and 2013). Prenatal care utilization rate increased from 67.0% in 1993 to 96.2% in 2013 while the rate of women giving birth at health care facilities increased from 63.8% to 98.1% in 2013. Prenatal care utilization and giving birth at health care facilities were higher among women who were under health insurance coverage, first time mothers, those staying in the western region and urban areas, and those with the highest level of wealth. The findings suggest that the issue of equity in the utilization of maternal and child health care services exists in Turkey, and the latest health care reforms under HTP are not effective in diminishing the effect of wealth.
Spatial dependence of the hydraulic conductivity in a well‐type configuration at the mesoscale
Authors: Fallico Carmine , Ianchello Mario , De Bartolo Samuele , Severino Gerardo 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe spatial distribution of the hydraulic conductivity κ is modelled by a power law, and we present a methodological approach to quantify the exponent (crowding index) of such a law as detected within a well‐type flow configuration. Based upon the outcome of several pumping tests conducted into a caisson (mesoscale), we identify the crowding index as function of the volumetric flow rate. Hence, we develop a simple (although approximated) procedure to assess whether the spatial distribution of κ can be characterized by a power law. We demonstrate that, even at the mesoscale, the conductivity κ can not be regarded as a formation's property (nonlocality), in agreement with the recent developments on the theory of flows into radial configurations.
Evaluating the reliability of time series analysis to estimate variable riparian travel times by numerical groundwater modelling
Authors: Nixdorf Erik , Trauth Nico 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe transition zones between rivers and adjacent riparian aquifers are locations of high biogeochemical activities that contribute to a removal of potentially hazardous substances in the aquatic system. The potential of the removal processes depends highly on subsurface water travel times, which can be determined by using the propagation of electrical conductivity (EC) signal from the river into the riparian aquifer. Although this method has been applied and verified in many studies, we observe possible limitations for the usage of EC fluctuation analysis. Our findings are based on EC time series analyses during storm events and artificial hydropeaks induced by watermill operations. Travel times derived by cross‐correlation analysis were compared with travel times calculated based on backward particle tracking of a calibrated transient numerical groundwater flow model. The cross‐correlation method produced only reasonable travel times for the artificial hydropeaks. In contrast, cross‐correlation analysis of the EC data during natural storm events resulted in implausibly negative or unrealistically low travel times for the bulk of the data sets. We conclude that the reason for this behaviour is, first, the low EC contrast between river and groundwater in connection with a strong damping of the infiltrating river EC signal into the subsurface during storm events. Second, the existence of old and less‐mineralized riparian water between the river and the monitoring well resulted in bank‐storage‐driven EC breakthrough curves with earlier arrival times and the subsequent estimation of implausible riparian travel times.
Progress on Solar Photovoltaic Pumping Irrigation Technology
Authors: Gao Zhanyi , Zhang Yunxin , Gao Lihui , Li Ruoxi 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSolar energy is considered a clean and renewable and safe energy source. With the development of photovoltaic (PV) technology and reduction in costs of PV cells and modules, solar PV pumping irrigation has been widely applied throughout the world. Applying together with micro irrigation technology, PV pumping irrigation has demonstrated a robust fusion in rural development, ecological conservation, and a viable technology for increasing farmers’ incomes and living standards by reducing poverty, and improving the living conditions of women by reducing labour intensity. This paper presents innovations in solar PV pumping technology, and a new business model and policy for enhancing the extension of solar PV pumping irrigation technology. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transforming Literacy Education in Urban Schools
Authors: Skerrett Allison , Williamson Thea , LeeKeenan Kira , Rubin Jessica C. , Land Charlotte L. , Hendrix Aimee , White Holland , Stump Nicole Harbert , Pryor Kim Nelson 
Published: December 2017

AbstractOften coauthored by university‐ and school‐based educators, preservice teachers, and youths, this department column considers how literacies are best developed through context‐crossing partnerships among university, school, and community constituents.
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor‐based bioassays for dioxin detection: Thinking outside the box
Authors: Otarola Gaston , Castillo Hector , Marcellini Sylvain 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDespite intensive media coverage and international regulations, man‐made persistent organic pollutants such as dioxins represent a serious environmental and health threat. Their detection by sophisticated chromatography technologies is highly complex, impeding the constant monitoring of food or environmental samples. This limitation has fostered the development of generations of bioassays exploiting the molecular function of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), which binds toxic compounds and directly activates the transcription of target genes. Here, we review the rich panel of available AhR‐dependent bioassays and propose a novel classification based on the source of AhR, which can either be endogenously produced by cell types or tissues naturally responsive to dioxins, or exogenously introduced into a wide range of cellular contexts. In both cases, in vitro and in vivo strategies have been engineered to monitor the formation of molecular complexes, and the activation of direct downstream targets or reporter genes. We evaluate and compare bioassays based on exogenous and endogenous AhR proteins and discuss their specific challenges, strengths and opportunities for futures applications. Undoubtedly, the dynamic field of AhR‐dependent bioassays will keep providing new and original strategies to help protect human health and ecosystems from persistent organic pollutants.
Co‐exposure to fluoride and sulfur dioxide on histological alteration and DNA damage in rat brain
Authors: Wang Chong , Liang Chen , Ma Junjie , Manthari Ram Kumar , Niu Ruiyan , Wang Jinming , Wang Jundong , Zhang Jianhai 
Published: December 2017

AbstractFluoride (F) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) are the two common environmental contaminants that are associated with neurotoxicity. The present study was conducted to explore individual and combined exposure effects of F and SO2 on histological alteration and DNA damage in rat brain. For this, male Wistar albino rats were exposed to sodium fluoride (100 mg/L NaF) and sulfur dioxide (39.3 mg/m3) individually and in combination for 8 weeks. Histological alteration in brain is evaluated by hematoxylin–eosin staining, showed shrunken neurons, darkly stained small nucleus and decreased cell numbers in F and SO2 exposed groups. The effect of F and SO2 on DNA damage was assessed by comet assay. The results showed an increase in ratio of tailing and tail length in F or/and SO2 administered rats. In addition, the proportion of grade II and III were also increased in individual and combined exposed groups. Compared with the individual exposure, the proportion the grade III was significantly high in combined exposure, suggesting a synergistic effect of F and SO2. These results indicate that the brain was more susceptible to the toxic effects of F and SO2. And combined exposure to these pollutants can lead more pronounced toxic effects on brain.