bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution of thermophilic endospores in a temperate estuary indicate that dispersal history structures sediment microbial communities
Authors: Bell Emma , Blake Lynsay I. , Sherry Angela , Head Ian M. , Hubert Casey R.J. 
Published: February 2018

SummaryEndospores of thermophilic bacteria are found in cold and temperate sediments where they persist in a dormant state. As inactive endospores that cannot grow at the low ambient temperatures, they are akin to tracer particles in cold sediments, unaffected by factors normally governing microbial biogeography (e.g., selection, drift, mutation). This makes thermophilic endospores ideal model organisms for studying microbial biogeography since their spatial distribution can be directly related to their dispersal history. To assess dispersal histories of estuarine bacteria, thermophilic endospores were enriched from sediments along a freshwater‐to‐marine transect of the River Tyne in high temperature incubations (50°C). Dispersal histories for 75 different taxa indicated that the majority of estuarine endospores were of terrestrial origin; most closely related to bacteria from warm habitats associated with industrial activity. A subset of the taxa detected were marine derived, with close relatives from hot deep marine biosphere habitats. These patterns are consistent with the sources of sediment in the River Tyne being predominantly terrestrial in origin. The results point to microbial communities in estuarine and marine sediments being structured by bi‐directional currents, terrestrial run‐off and industrial effluent as vectors of passive dispersal and immigration.
Effect of Cutting with an Abrasive Saw on Swarf Composition
Authors: Tsach Tsadok , Finkelstein Nir , Israelsohn‐Azulay Osnat 
Published: February 2018

AbstractCrime scene investigators are often asked to examine swarf from break‐in sites and compare it with swarf found on a suspect. Occasionally, elemental composition of swarf from these two sources does not match. It is generally assumed that cutting metal does not induce changes in chemical composition. However, this study shows that, if a matrix contains iron, chromium, and nickel, composition of swarf produced from cutting the matrix with an abrasive saw may indeed alter. In this study, we cut a stainless steel sheet using a standard cutoff saw. Swarf was sorted and chemically analyzed by EDS/SEM, and the following relationships between chip morphology and modified composition were discovered: elongated chips remained unchanged; changes in the irregular chips appeared to be random, possibly because they are formed in a number of different ways; composition of spherical chips changed with size.
CORRELATES OF VIOLENT POLITICAL EXTREMISM IN THE UNITED STATES*
Authors: LAFREE GARY , JENSEN MICHAEL A. , JAMES PATRICK A. , SAFER‐LICHTENSTEIN AARON 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAlthough research on terrorism has grown rapidly in recent years, few scholars have applied criminological theories to the analysis of individual‐level political extremism. Instead, researchers focused on radicalization have drawn primarily from political science and psychology and have overwhelmingly concentrated on violent extremists, leaving little variation in the dependent variable. With the use of a newly available data set, we test whether variables derived from prominent criminological theories are helpful in distinguishing between nonviolent and violent extremists. The results show that variables related to social control (lack of stable employment), social learning (radical peers), psychological perspectives (history of mental illness), and criminal record all have significant effects on participation in violent political extremism and are robust across multiple techniques for imputing missing data. At the same time, other common indicators of social control (e.g., education and marital status) and social learning perspectives (e.g., radical family members) were not significant in the multivariate models. We argue that terrorism research would benefit from including criminology insights and by considering political radicalization as a dynamic, evolving process, much as life‐course criminology treats more common forms of crime.
REASSESSING THE BREADTH OF THE PROTECTIVE BENEFIT OF IMMIGRANT NEIGHBORHOODS: A MULTILEVEL ANALYSIS OF VIOLENCE RISK BY RACE, ETHNICITY, AND LABOR MARKET STRATIFICATION*
Authors: XIE MIN , BAUMER ERIC P. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractResearchers in the United States have increasingly recognized that immigration reduces crime, but it remains unresolved whether this applies to people of different racial–ethnic and economic backgrounds. By using the 2008–2012 area‐identified National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), we evaluate the effect of neighborhood immigrant concentration on individual violence risk across race/ethnicity and labor market stratification factors in areas with different histories of immigration. The results of our analysis reveal three key patterns. First, we find a consistent protective role of immigrant concentration that is not weakened by low education, low income, unemployment, or labor market competition. Therefore, even economically disadvantaged people enjoy the crime‐reduction benefit of immigration. Second, we find support for threshold models that predict a nonlinear, stronger protective role of immigrant concentration on violence at higher levels of immigrant concentration. The protective function of immigration also is higher in areas of longer histories of immigration. Third, compared with Blacks and Whites, Latinos receive a greater violence‐reduction benefit of immigrant concentration possibly because they live in closer proximity with immigrants and share common sociocultural features. Nevertheless, immigrant concentration yields a diminishing return in reducing Latino victimization as immigrants approach a near‐majority of neighborhood residents. The implications of these results are discussed.
Can leadership compensate for deficient inclusiveness in global virtual teams?
Authors: Lauring Jakob , Jonasson Charlotte 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAlthough the number of global virtual teams has been growing rapidly, it is still a great challenge to achieve internal collaboration across geographic, cultural, and linguistic barriers. Two factors that have been identified to improve productivity are inclusive group attitudes in the team and the right leadership from the team leader. Although there are strong indications that each of these concepts would have a favourable effect on team member performance, we set out to explore how they function in combination. More specifically, we hypothesise that inspirational motivation from a team leader can compensate for a lack of inclusive group attitudes in the form of team openness to language diversity. We also predict the positive effects of “inspirational motivation” leadership to be stronger than those of the “management by exception” style of leadership. Using responses from 174 team members and their 23 team leaders in the research and development department of a Danish manufacturing organisation, we confirm our hypotheses. This provides clear guidelines for HRM interventions in organisations using global virtual teams.
Effect of induction therapy on circulating T‐helper 17 and T‐regulatory cells in active proliferative lupus nephritis
Authors: Shenoy Sajjan , Chaurasia Smriti , Edavalath Sukesh , Zanwar Abhishek , Agrawal Vinita , Aggarwal Amita , Misra Ramnath 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIntroductionT‐helper 17 (Th17) cells and T‐regulatory (Treg) cells have been suggested to play pathogenic roles in lupus nephritis. The in vivo effects of current therapies for lupus nephritis (LN) on these cells have not been adequately studied.MethodsWe conducted a prospective observational study among patients with active proliferative lupus nephritis (LN) who received Eurolupus induction therapy and assessed them as per the European League Against Rheumatism criteria for renal response. Peripheral circulatory Th17 and Treg cell numbers were enumerated at start of therapy, at 3 and 6 months follow‐up periods using flow cytometry. Baseline values were compared with inactive lupus patients (iSLE) and healthy controls (HC).ResultsThirty patients with LN, 20 iSLE and 22 HC were enrolled into the study. In LN, Th17 frequency was significantly higher compared to HC, and Treg frequency significantly lower compared to both iSLE and HC. Nineteen patients fulfilled criteria for response (partial or complete) at 6 months. Responder group showed a significant decline in Th17 frequency and an increasing trend in Treg frequency compared to baseline after 6 months of therapy.ConclusionCirculating Th17 cells were significantly raised in patients with active proliferative LN and showed a significant reduction in responder patients following therapy.
Adhesion and invasion attributes of Burkholderia pseudomallei are dependent on airway surface liquid and glucose concentrations in lung epithelial cells
Authors: Mariappan Vanitha , Thimma Jaikumar , Vellasamy Kumutha Malar , Shankar Esaki M , Vadivelu Jamuna 
Published: February 2018

SummaryPhysiological constituents in airway surface liquids (ASL) appear to impact the adherence and invasion potentials of Burkholderia pseudomallei contributing to recrudescent melioidosis. Here, we investigated the factors present in ASL that is likely to influence bacterial adhesion and invasion leading to improved understanding of bacterial pathogenesis. Six B. pseudomallei clinical isolates from different origins were used to investigate the ability of the bacteria to adhere and invade A549 human lung epithelial cells using a system that mimics the physiological ASL with different pH, NaCl, KCl, CaCl2 and glucose concentrations. These parameters resulted in markedly differential adherence and invasion abilities of B. pseudomallei to the lung epithelial cells. The concentration of 20 mM glucose dramatically increased adherence and invasion by increasing the rate of pili formation in depiliated bacteria. Glucose significantly increased adherence and invasion of B. pseudomallei to A549 cells, and presence of NaCl, KCl and CaCl2 markedly ablated the effect despite the presence of glucose. Our data established a link between glucose, enhanced adhesion and invasion potentials of B. pseudomallei, hinting increased susceptibility of individuals with diabetes mellitus to clinical melioidosis.
Dynamic Bayesian forecasting of AFL match results using the Skellam distribution
Authors: Manderson A. A. , Murray K. , Turlach B. A. 
Published: February 2018

SummaryThe scoring and defensive abilities of Australian Rules Football teams change over time as a result of evolving player rosters, tactics and other management factors. We develop a dynamic model based on the Poisson difference (Skellam) distribution which simultaneously models the two different point scoring mechanisms in Australian Rules Football, the motivation for which comes from work on predicting outcomes in soccer matches. Our model is developed in a Bayesian framework and is fitted using the Stan modelling language. Model validation is performed on the 2015 Australian Football league (AFL) home and away season.
Heart Transplantation in Patients Supported by ECMO: Is the APACHE IV Score a Predictor of Survival?
Authors: Lechiancole Andrea , Sponga Sandro , Isola Miriam , Vendramin Igor , Maiani Massimo , Livi Ugolino 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBridge to heart transplantation (HTx) with ECMO is associated with poor outcome, but patient status, according to different levels of multiorgan compromise, is generally not considered. The aim of this study was to analyze the prognostic value of acute physiology, age, and chronic health evaluation IV (APACHE IV) score in this setting. Thirty‐two patients underwent HTx bridged with ECMO at our institution between 2005 and 2017; they were divided into two groups, according to a cutoff value of APACHE IV score obtained by Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for 30‐day mortality. Kaplan–Meyer survival curves were plotted, and compared through the log‐Rank test. Cox regression model was used to estimate which factors were associated with overall survival. The 30‐day mortality prediction of the APACHE IV score showed an AUC of 0.98 [95% C.I. 0.84–0.99], with a cutoff value corresponding to a score value of 47 (specificity of 84.6% and sensitivity of 100%) in order to discriminate between a group with low probability (Group A, patients with an APACHE IV score <47), and a group with high probability (Group B, patients with an APACHE IV score ≥47) of 30‐day mortality. Median follow up was 26.9 months (range: 0.03–143.8). On overall, patients bridged with ECMO showed a high early mortality (18.7% <30 days, n = 6). All deaths occurred in Group B, where 30‐day mortality was 60%. Survival probability among Group B patients was 26.6% at both 1 and 5 years. Conversely, in Group A no early mortality was reported, and the estimated survival was 89.7% at 1 year and 81.5% at 5 years, respectively. Mortality correlated at univariate analysis with recipient age, APACHE IV score and female sex, while the multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that only an APACHE IV score (HR 1.23 [1.08–1.39, 95% C.I.]) and female sex (HR 6.68 [1.42–31.43, 95% C.I.]) had an adverse impact on survival. This study shows that the APACHE IV score could be considered a powerful predictor of survival in patients bridged by ECMO to HTx, and can account for a better selection of patients on ECMO support at time of listing.
Spanish population‐study shows that healthy late preterm infants had worse outcomes one year after discharge than term‐born infants
Authors: Sánchez Luna Manuel , Fernández‐Pérez Cristina , Bernal José L. , Elola Francisco J. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAimThis study assessed the risks associated with healthy late preterm infants and healthy term‐born infants using national hospital discharge records.MethodWe used the minimum basic data set of the Spanish hospital discharge records database for 2012–2013 to analyse the hospitalisation of newborn infants. The outcomes were in‐hospital mortality and hospital re‐admissions at 30 days and one year after their first discharge.ResultsOf the 95 011 newborn infants who were discharged, 2940 were healthy late preterm infants, born at 34 + 0–36 + 6 weeks, and 18 197 were healthy term‐born infants. The mean and standard deviation (SD) length of hospital stay were 6.0 (4.5) days in late preterm infants versus 2.8 (1.3) days in term‐born infants (p < 0.001). Re‐admissions were also higher in the late preterm group at 30 days (9.0% versus 4.4%) and one year (22.0% versus 12.4) (p < 0.001). The relative risk for death at one year was 4.9 in the late preterm group, when compared to the term‐born infants (p = 0.026).ConclusionThe hospital discharge codes for otherwise healthy newborn preterm infants were associated with significantly worse 30‐day and one‐year outcomes when their re‐admission and mortality rates were compared with healthy term‐born newborn infants.
Genetic diversity and population structure of Polish Arabian horses assessed through breeding and microsatellite data
Authors: Głażewska Iwona , Gralak Barbara , Naczk Aleksandra M. , Prusak Beata 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPolish Arabian horses are one of the most important populations of this breed in the world. Their post‐war history can be divided into two periods, with the dominant role of state studs until 1989, and the increasing significance of private breeding in the next years. The goal of the study was to evaluate genetic diversity and structure of the population under a new breeding policy. The analyses of breeding and microsatellite data from 1996 to 2012 provide a coherent picture of the population with constant flow of horses only in one direction from state to private studs. An increase in the number of broodmares was observed, from 396 mares in 1996 to 1021 mares in 2012. The proportion of foreign sires used in Polish studs also increased, from 7.1% to 37.0%. An increasing number of alleles and progressive differentiation in mares were observed. STRUCTURE analysis indicated that the Polish horses were clearly separated from foreign horses used in Polish breeding, although only one of the 75 alleles found can be considered as typically Polish. The high heterozygosity is an important feature of the Polish population; however, the decrease of heterozygosity in state broodmares was noted. This issue needs to be studied further.
Investigating the relationship between two home numeracy measures: A questionnaire and observations during Lego building and book reading
Authors: Mutaf Yildiz Belde , Sasanguie Delphine , De Smedt Bert , Reynvoet Bert 
Published: February 2018

Home numeracy has been defined as the parent–child interactions that include experiences with numerical content in daily‐life settings. Previous studies have commonly operationalized home numeracy either via questionnaires or via observational methods. These studies have shown that both types of measures are positively related to variability in children's mathematical skills. This study investigated whether these distinctive data collection methods index the same aspect of home numeracy. The frequencies of home numeracy activities and parents’ opinions about their children's mathematics education were assessed via a questionnaire. The amount of home numeracy talk was observed via two semi‐structured videotaped parent–child activity sessions (Lego building and book reading). Children's mathematical skills were examined with two calculation subtests. We observed that parents’ reports and number of observed numeracy interactions were not related to each other. Interestingly, parents’ reports of numeracy activities were positively related to children's calculation abilities, whereas the observed home numeracy talk was negatively related to children's calculation abilities. These results indicate that these two methods tap on different aspects of home numeracy.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Home numeracy, that is, parent–child interactions that include experiences with numerical content, is supposed to have a positive impact on calculation or mathematical ability in general.

Despite many positive results, some studies have failed to find such an association.

Home numeracy has been assessed with questionnaires on the frequency of numerical experiences and observations of parent–child interactions; however, those two measures of home numeracy have never been compared directly.

What does this study add?

This study assessed home numeracy through questionnaires and observations in the 44 parent–child dyads and showed that home numeracy measures derived from questionnaires and observations are not related.

Moreover, the relation between the reported frequency of home numeracy activities and calculation on the one hand, and parent–child number talk (derived from observations) and calculation on the other hand is in opposite directions; the frequency of activities is positively related to calculation performance; and the amount of number talk is negatively related to calculation.

This study shows that both measures tap into different aspects of home numeracy and can be an important factor explaining inconsistencies in literature.
N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine improves mesenchymal stem cell function in prolonged isolated thrombocytopenia post‐allotransplant
Authors: Kong Yuan , Song Yang , Tang Fei‐Fei , Zhao Hong‐Yan , Chen Yu‐Hong , Han Wei , Yan Chen‐Hua , Wang Yu , Zhang Xiao‐Hui , Xu Lan‐Ping , Huang Xiao‐Jun 
Published: February 2018

SummaryProlonged isolated thrombocytopenia (PT) is a serious complication of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT). Murine studies and in vitro experiments suggest that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can, not only to support haematopoiesis, but also preferentially support megakaryocytopoiesis in bone marrow (BM). However, little is known about the quantity and function of BM MSCs in PT patients. In a case‐control study, we found that BM MSCs from PT patients exhibited significantly reduced proliferative capacities, increased reactive oxygen species and senescence. Antioxidant (N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine, NAC) treatment in vitro not only quantitatively and functionally improved BM MSCs derived from PT patients through down‐regulation of the p38 (also termed MAPK14) and p53 (also termed TP53) pathways but also partially rescued the impaired ability of BM MSCs to support megakaryocytopoiesis. Subsequently, a pilot study showed that the overall response of NAC treatment was obtained in 7 of the enrolled PT patients (N = 10) without significant side effects. Taken together, the results indicated that dysfunctional BM MSCs played a role in the pathogenesis of PT and the impaired BM MSCs could be improved by NAC in vitro. Although requiring further validation, our data indicate that NAC might be a potential therapeutic approach for PT patients after allo‐HSCT.
Don't know responses to cognitive and affective risk perception measures: Exploring prevalence and socio‐demographic moderators
Authors: Janssen Eva , Verduyn Philippe , Waters Erika A. 
Published: February 2018

ObjectivesMany people report uncertainty when appraising their risk of cancer and other diseases, but prior research about the topic has focused solely on cognitive risk perceptions. We investigated uncertainty related to cognitive and affective risk questions. We also explored whether any differences in uncertainty between cognitive and affective questions varied in magnitude by item‐specific or socio‐demographic characteristics.DesignSecondary analysis of data collected for a 2 × 2 × 3 full‐factorial risk communication experiment (N = 835) that was embedded within an online survey.MethodsWe investigated the frequency of ‘don't know’ responses (DKR) to eight perceived risk items that varied according to whether they assessed (1) cognitive versus affective perceived risk, (2) absolute versus comparative risk, and (3) colon cancer versus ‘any exercise‐related diseases’. Socio‐demographics were as follows: sex, age, education, family history, and numeracy. We analysed the data using multilevel logistic regression.ResultsThe odds of DKR were lower for affective than cognitive perceived risk (OR = 0.64, p < .001). This difference occurred for absolute but not comparative risk perceptions (interaction effect, p = .004), but no interactions for disease type or demographic characteristics were found (ps > .05).ConclusionsLower uncertainty for affective (vs. cognitive) absolute perceived risk items is consistent with research stating: (1) Risk perceptions are grounded in people's feelings about a hazard, and (2) feelings are easier for people to access than facts. Including affective perceived risk items in health behaviour surveys may reduce missing data and improve data quality.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Many people report that they don't know their risk (i.e., risk uncertainty).

Evidence is growing for the importance of feelings of risk in explaining health behaviour.

Feelings are easier for people to access than facts.

What does this study add?

Don't know responding is higher for absolute cognitive than absolute affective risk questions.

This difference does not vary in magnitude by demographic characteristics.

Affective perceived risk questions in surveys may reduce missing data and improve data quality.