bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The emergence of Hebrew loydea / loydat (‘I dunno masc/fem’) from interaction
Authors: Maschler Yael 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
A general approach to discourse markers is sketched through an analysis which approaches grammar as emerging in interaction and coming into being through mundane language use (Hopper 1987, 2011). The study continues work on mental verb constructions in a variety of languages. By analyzing all 191 tokens of the (subj)-neg-pred construction of the Hebrew mental verb yada (‘know’) employed throughout audio-recordings of over 7.5 hours of Hebrew casual interactional data, I trace the route of this construction’s gravitation towards the discourse marker loydea / loydat (‘I dunno masc/fem’). I argue that employment of the construction is highly formulaic, not necessarily epistemic, and that its uses are closely tied to its prosodic, morphophonological and syntactic properties, to its position within the ongoing turn and sequence, and to the particular activities in which participants engage in interaction. Based on a mostly synchronic analysis of the data, I suggest two grammaticization paths leading to employment of this construction as a discourse marker. This is then supported with some diachronic evidence. The study of Hebrew loydea / loydat (‘I dunno masc/fem’) shows that the boundaries between the three categories of discourse marker, pragmatic marker, and modal particle can be rather blurred.
A corpus-based approach to functional markers in Greek
Authors: Goutsos Dionysis 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The paper attempts to explore the role of position in Greek by examining how positional preferences for markers correlate with their functions in the language. A large number of these items are investigated in four sub-corpora of academic texts, newspaper opinion articles, Parliament speeches and radio and TV interviews (1 million words in total), drawn from the Corpus of Greek Texts. The findings suggest that items that can be described as discourse and pragmatic markers are attracted by first position, whereas modal markers tend to appear in third position and second position is reserved for grammaticalized items. The corpus-based approach followed seems to offer a useful means of delimiting the broad class of items involved in Greek.
Modal particles and Verum focus
Authors: Abraham Werner 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The paper pursues two goals: first, comparing the behavior of speech act adverbials with modal particles, and second, the kinship of verum focus and modal particles with respect to their function in discourse. I explore the main difference between German(ic) grammatical modal particles and lexical discourse markers in other, non-Germanic, languages: By using modal particles in a core-grammatical1 sentence p, the speaker’s utterance of p sets up a thematic common ground with the further disposition that this temporarily final common ground is to be negotiated (agreed upon or challenged and, upon the addressee’s reaction, changed) with the addressee. Lexical correspondents to modal particles do not establish such a common ground and, therefore, do not invite, in an implicit fashion, the addressee’s appropriate reaction to the common ground. It is claimed that this type of grammatical modal particle is typically endorsed by v2-Vlast of German (and Dutch).2
A format for the description of German modal particles and their functional equivalents in Croatian and English
Authors: Kresić Marijana , Angster Mia Batinić , Diewald Gabriele 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This paper presents a format for a cross-linguistic, corpus-based description of the formal features and the function of modal particles (hereafter: abbreviated as MPs) and their equivalents in German, Croatian and English.1 We define the word category of MPs for the Croatian language and propose a shared, pragmatic function of these particles in a cross-linguistic perspective. The starting point for the comparative analysis is the pragmatic function of German MPs, i.e. a specific discourse grammatical function which consists in anchoring the utterance in an assumed dialogic setting as the second turn, thus being set off from discourse marking elements as well as from text-connective elements in the narrow sense (cf. Diewald 2007, 2013; Diewald et al. 2009, see also Sections 1 and 2.1.2). Particle meanings are described in terms of the speaker’s assumptions about a state of affairs in the context of the communication (cf. Kresić & Batinić 2014). The proposed method for the lexicographic description of particle meanings in a cross-linguistic perspective encompasses their central features on the levels of morphology, syntax, semantics and pragmatics.
Grammaticalization of PMs/DMs/MMs in Japanese
Authors: Shinzato Rumiko 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This paper discusses the source lexemes and the grammaticalization pathways leading to such end products as Discourse Markers (DMs), Modal Markers (MMs), and Pragmatic Markers (PMs) in relation to the layered structures of Japanese syntax, as well as issues of left/right peripheries (LP/RP). It points out that DMs and MMs are categorically parallel, but PMs are not. Further, source lexemes for DMs and MMs show the preferred directionality of positional shifts based on their semantic characters. PMs source items remain within the Core. The function-periphery mappings in Japanese support Beeching & Detges’ (2014) function-periphery asymmetry hypothesis as general tendencies, but also deviate from it as LP and RP are both subjective and intersubjective, reflecting the symmetrical layered structure.
Dubitative-corrective constructions in Italian
Authors: Giacalone Ramat Anna , Mauri Caterina , Sansò Andrea 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This paper investigates the properties of a set of poorly described Italian constructions characterized, at the same time, by (i) a dubitative component, challenging a presupposition generated by the preceding context and (ii) a corrective function. These constructions revolve around four adverbial elements (al massimo, al limite, tutt’al più and caso mai) that have other functions besides the dubitative-corrective one. The analysis will illustrate how their dubitative-corrective function emerges in specific discourse configurations and will discuss their further pragmatic uses as mitigators, which appear to be crucially connected to the dubitative component. The theoretical implications of the analysis concern the definition itself of dubitative-corrective construction and the role of dialogical contexts in the development of a dubitative-corrective function. It will be shown that the constructions in question, though sharing a dubitative-corrective function, differ in various respects. These differences can be traced back to their different diachronic sources, namely a scalar construction for al massimo, al limite, and tutt’al più, and a conditional construction in the case of caso mai. The evolutionary paths leading from these source constructions to dubitative-corrective constructions present a different configuration, whereby the dubitative function emerges after the corrective function in the case of elements originally participating in a scalar construction (al limite, al massimo, tutt’al più) while in the development of caso mai the simple dubitative function precedes the dubitative-corrective one.
Italian discourse markers and modal particles in contact
Authors: Fiorentini Ilaria 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The paper addresses the issue of the fuzzy boundaries between modal particles (henceforth MPs) and discourse markers (DMs) in a specific language contact situation, namely the Ladin area in Trentino-South Tyrol (Italy). It is still debated whether MPs should be seen as a subtype of DMs or whether they both should be seen as belonging to the more encompassing class of pragmatic markers (cf. Degand, Cornille & Pietrandrea 2013). The aim of this research is to investigate the uncertain and undefined boundaries of these categories in bilingual speech, in order to find out whether bilingual speakers treat DMs and MPs as separated linguistic categories or as a unified one.
Functional markers in llanito code-switching
Authors: Goria Eugenio 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated that, in situations of language contact, discourse markers, pragmatic markers and modal particles are easily transferable from one language into the other. This contribution tries to examine how does this process take place in bilingual speech, and it discusses data from a corpus of bilingual conversations from Gibraltar. It is argued that switching of discourse and pragmatic markers, as well as modal expressions, is an extremely frequent phenomenon and, more interestingly, that regularities in this process can be found, in the form of regular and recurrent bilingual patterns. These functional elements in fact are shown to behave consistently with each other, allowing to identify class-specific patterns, and with other discourse-relevant entities such as left dislocations and pseudo-clefts.
Stranger Danger: When and Why Consumer Dyads Behave Less Ethically Than Individuals
Authors: Nikolova Hristina , Lamberton Cait , Coleman Nicole Verrochi 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
While joint ethical violations are fairly common in the marketplace and in workplace, sports-team, and academic settings, little research has studied such collaborative wrongdoings. This work compares the joint ethical decisions of pairs of people (i.e., dyads) to those of individual decision makers. Four experiments demonstrate that dyads in which the partners do not share a social bond with each other behave less ethically than individuals do. The authors propose that this effect occurs because joint ethical violations offer a means to socially bond with others. Consistent with this theory, they demonstrate that the dyads’ subethicality relative to individuals is attenuated (1) if the dyad partners establish rapport prior to the joint decision making, and (2) in decision-making contexts in which social bonding goals are less active—namely, making a decision with an out-group versus in-group member. Taken together, this research provides novel theoretical insights into the social aspects of unethical behavior, offers suggestions to improve ethicality in joint decisions, and raises important questions for future research.
Coxiella burnetii Multilevel Disk Space Infection, Epidural Abscess, and Vertebral Osteomyelitis Secondary to Contiguous Spread From Infected Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm or Graft: Report of 4 Cases Acquired in the US and Review of the Literature
Authors: Virk Abinash , Mahmood Maryam , Kalra Manju , Bower Thomas C , Osmon Douglas R , Berbari Elie F , Raoult Didier 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Background
Chronic Coxiella burnetii infections such as vertebral osteomyelitis caused by contiguous spread from an infected abdominal aortic graft or aneurysm have been rarely reported and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality.

Methods
We present the first four reported US acquired cases of Coxiella burnetii vertebral osteomyelitis caused by contiguous spread from an infected abdominal aortic graft or aneurysm.

Results
Presenting symptoms included progressive back pain, malaise, and weight loss with recent or remote animal exposure. Typical imaging findings demonstrated a peri-aortic collection with extension to the paraspinal muscles and vertebrae. Antibiotic regimens included doxycycline with either hydroxychloroquine or a quinolone for at least 2 years or as chronic suppression.

Conclusions
C. burnetii vertebral osteomyelitis is rare and can occur by contiguous spread from an abdominal aneurysm or vascular graft infection. It should be suspected in patients where pre-antibiotic cultures are negative with animal/farming exposure.
Comparative Effectiveness of Prophylactic Strategies for Perinatal Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus: A Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Chen Zhi-Xian , Zhuang Xun , Zhu Xiao-Hong , Hao Yan-Li , Gu Gui-Fang , Cai Meng-Zhi , Qin Gang 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundPerinatal transmission is the main route of hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission. While several measures have been attempted as means of preventing perinatal HBV transmission, the optimal strategy remains inconclusive.MethodsWe conducted a comprehensive search, through December 2016, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the following measures among pregnant women with HBV infection: placebo/none, active immunoprophylaxis (hepatitis B vaccine series starting at birth [HBVac]), passive-active immunoprophylaxis (hepatitis B immunoglobulin and vaccine [HBIG+HBVac]), prenatal HBIG administration (HBIG/HBIG+HBVac), and prenatal antiviral therapy (AVT/HBIG+HBVac). Direct, indirect, and network meta-analyses were performed for all treatment comparisons.ResultsFifteen RCTs involving 2706 infants of HBV carrier mothers were eligible for analysis. Network meta-analysis demonstrated similar results as direct and indirect comparisons. HBVac alone significantly reduced the risk of hepatitis B infection in infants of HBV carrier mothers (relative risk [RR], 0.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.21–0.50). The combination of immunoglobulin with vaccine is superior to vaccine alone (RR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.20–0.67). Prenatal HBIG administration and antiviral therapy offer further advantages over current passive-active immunoprophylaxis for infants of highly viremic (HBV DNA level higher than 2 × 105 IU/mL) mothers (RR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.29–0.75; and RR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.10–0.99, respectively). There was no significant publication bias.ConclusionsBased on the universal infantile vaccination program, HBIG for infants born to HBV carrier mothers further reduces transmission. For highly viremic mothers whose children are still at risk for transmission under current immunoprophylaxis, prenatal HBIG administration or antiviral therapy in late pregnancy may be considered if more long-term evidence supports its efficacy and safety.
Impact of Trajectory Planning With Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging for Intracranial Electrode Implantation
Authors: Barros Guilherme , Lang Michael J , Mouchtouris Nikolaos , Sharan Ashwini D , Wu Chengyuan 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
While T1-weighted gadolinium-enhanced (T1-Gd) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the standard imaging sequence for trajectory planning of stereotactic procedures, including deep brain stimulation, stereoelectroencephalography, and laser interstitial thermal therapy, susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) has been reported to demonstrate increased sensitivity for the visualization of microvasculature.

OBJECTIVE
To determine the impact of SWI visualization on trajectory planning for electrode implantation and evaluate the relationship between the rate of vessel-electrode intersections and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).

METHODS
We conducted a retrospective study of 13 patients who underwent stereoelectroencephalography and laser interstitial thermal therapy placement between 2014 and 2015, using their preoperative T1-Gd and SWI scans, and postoperative MRI scans to determine the rate of vessel-electrode intersections seen on the 2 imaging modalities, the mean diameter and depth of the vessels identified, and the rate of ICH after implantation.

RESULTS
Among 13 patients, 106 electrodes were implanted. Sixty-three unique vessel-electrode intersections were identified on SWI with a mean of 4.85 intersections per patient. There were 13 intersections seen on T1-Gd with a mean of 1 intersection per patient. The intersected vessels visualized on SWI had a diameter of 1.49 ± 0.46 mm and those on T1-Gd were 2.01 ± 0.52 mm. There was no clear ICH observed in this series.

CONCLUSION
SWI allows for improved visualization of the smaller, deep vessels, whereas T1-Gd adequately detects superficial, larger vessels. Despite the larger number of vessel-electrode intersections seen on SWI, no clear evidence of ICH was identified. Increased detection of deep vasculature does not appear to significantly benefit trajectory planning for stereotactic intracranial procedures and may limit the number of trajectories perceived to be safe.
Providing self-management education to patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Palmer Carrie 
Published: October 2017

Abstract:
NPs and other primary care providers will continue to encounter a growing population of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Helping patients engage in self-care behaviors is essential to achieve blood glucose control and prevent diabetes-related complications. This article explores opportunities to provide education to patients with diabetes mellitus on the important self-care topics of nutrition and hypoglycemia during a primary care visit.
An update on gain-of-function mutations in primary immunodeficiency diseases
Authors: Jhamnani Rekha D. , Rosenzweig Sergio D. 
Published: October 2017

Purpose of review
Most primary immunodeficiencies described since 1952 were associated with loss-of-function defects. With the advent and popularization of unbiased next-generation sequencing diagnostic approaches followed by functional validation techniques, many gain-of-function mutations leading to immunodeficiency have also been identified. This review highlights the updates on pathophysiology mechanisms and new therapeutic approaches involving primary immunodeficiencies because of gain-of-function mutations.

Recent findings
The more recent developments related to gain-of-function primary immunodeficiencies mostly involving increased infection susceptibility but also immune dysregulation and autoimmunity, were reviewed. Updates regarding pathophysiology mechanisms, different mutation types, clinical features, laboratory markers, current and potential new treatments on patients with caspase recruitment domain family member 11, signal transducer and activator of transcription 1, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-biphosphate 3-kinase catalytic 110, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-biphosphate 3-kinase regulatory subunit 1, chemokine C-X-C motif receptor 4, sterile α motif domain containing 9-like, and nuclear factor κ-B subunit 2 gain-of-function mutations are reviewed for each disease.

Summary
With the identification of gain-of-function mutations as a cause of immunodeficiency, new genetic pathophysiology mechanisms unveiled and new-targeted therapeutic approaches can be explored as potential rescue treatments for these diseases.
The Association of Changing Practice Settings on Maintenance of Certification Exam Outcomes: A Comparative Study of General Internists Over Time
Authors: Jones Andrew T. , Barnhart Brendan J. , Durning Steven J. , Lipner Rebecca S. 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
To investigate how changing to or from solo practice settings relates to maintenance of certification (MOC) exam performance.

Method
The authors conducted a retrospective analysis of exam pass/fail outcomes for 7,112 physicians who successfully completed their initial MOC cycle from 2000 to 2004. Initial physician MOC practice characteristics records, demographic information, and exam performance were linked with exam pass/fail outcomes from their second MOC cycle from 2006 to 2014 (5,215 physicians after attrition). Exam pass/fail outcomes for physicians’ second MOC cycle were compared among four groups: those who remained in group practice across both MOC cycles, those who changed from group to solo practice, those who changed from solo to group practice, and those who remained in solo practice across both MOC cycles.

Results
Physicians who changed from solo to group practice performed significantly better than those who remained in solo practice (odds ratio [OR] = 1.67; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.11, 2.51; P = .027). Conversely, physicians changing from group to solo practice performed significantly worse than physicians staying in group practice (OR = 0.60; 95% CI = 0.45, 0.80; P = .002). Meanwhile, physicians who changed from solo to group practice performed similarly to physicians remaining in group practice (OR = 0.95; 95% CI = 0.67, 1.35; P = 0.76).

Conclusions
Changes in solo/group practice status were associated with second-cycle MOC exam performance. This study provides evidence that the context in which a physician practices may have an impact on their MOC exam performance.
Evaluation of a Novel Immunoassay for Lacosamide Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Comparison With a Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Assay
Authors: D'Urso Annachiara , Ricotta Tiziano , de Grazia Ugo 
Published: October 2017

Background:
Monitoring serum levels of lacosamide, other than to establish individualized reference ranges may be helpful in several settings, including patients with liver and/or kidney failure or settings that may result in altered pharmacokinetic characteristics and to assess patients' compliance with therapy. In this study, the EurekaOne liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method (in use method) and the ARK immunoassay method (new method) for lacosamide monitoring were compared.

Methods:
Lacosamide concentrations were determined in 39 patient samples using (1) antiepileptic drug LC-MS/MS kit by EurekaOne on a Thermo Fisher Scientific TSQuantum Access Max system and (2) the lacosamide immunoassay by ARK Diagnostic Inc. (research use only kit), on a Abbott Architect System.

Results:
Measured total imprecision of the new method is 6.29% at 6.59 μmol/L, 8.82% at 30.20 μmol/L, and 6.45% at 64.51 μmol/L. Passing–Bablok regression analysis showed a nonsignificant intercept of -0.03015 [95% confidence interval (CI), −1.2243 to 0.8593] and a slope of 1.05 (95% CI, 0.9973–1.1166), showing that the method does not deviate from linearity and absence of proportional systematic error. Bland–Altman analysis showed a systematic bias of -3.296% (95% CI, −5.81 to −0.78) with 95% of the LC-MS/MS—ARK mean % of differences ranging from −18.5 to 11.9. Despite this bias, data of the combined imprecision of the 2 methods show that the new method is still acceptable within the maximum allowable error of 15%.

Conclusions:
The performance of the new ARK method on the Architect system is acceptable and may be used routinely to measure serum lacosamide concentration in the clinic although the nature of the bias has to be carefully addressed.