bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
De Richard Weiss à Arnold Niederer. Deux représentants de l'ethnologie alpine suisse
Authors: Gyr Ueli 
Published: January 2018

Von Richard Weiss zu Arnold Niederer. Zwei Vertreter der schweizerischen alpinen Volkskunde.
Mit Richard Weiss (1907-1962) und Arnold Niederer (1914-1998) fassen wir zwei Schweizer Volkskundler, deren Arbeiten die Alpenforschung nicht nur bereichert, sondern mit Massstäben versehen haben, weit über die Landesgrenzen hinaus. Mit ihren Forschungsleistungen beschäftig sich das Exposé : Es nimmt sich vor, Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede der beiden an der Universitat Zurich lehrenden Volkskundler herauszustellen. Es scheint sinnvoll, ihren Werdegang, die gewählten Objektbereiche und Methoden, aber auch Fragen zur Rezeption unter dem Aspekt des je geltenden Fachverstandnisses zu analysieren.
Während Richard Weiss von der Germanistik zur Volkskunde stiess und 1946 den ersten Lehrstuhl fur Volkskunde besetzte, wâhlte Arnold Niederer den Weg über die Romanistik und kam relativ spät (1964) wieder zur Universitat zurück.
Es wird zu zeigen sein, dass sich Weiss stärker den Krâften von Tradition und Beharrung innerhalb einer als schweizerisch gesehenen alpinen Kultur verpflichtete und dabei der Sach-, Wirtschafts-und Gemeinschaftskultur unter funktionaler Betrachtungsweise besondere Bedeutung zumass. Niederer iiberwand diesen nationalen Bezugsrahmen und untersuchte dagegen stärker den sozio-kulturellen Wandel, so wie er sich damais in verschiedenen Ländern abzeichnete. Im Denken stets auf Kulturvergleiche ausgerichtet, fuhrten seine Arbeiten zumeist zu synthetischen Betrachtungen, haufig auch Erkenntnisse aus anderen Fächern einschliessend. Auf die beiden Konzeptionen von Weiss und Niederer verweisen auch Spuren bei all dem, was deren Schiller an Forschungen über alpine Kultur hinterlassen haben.
Marcel Boulin, refondateur du Musée Dauphinois
Authors: Colardelle Michel 
Published: January 2018

Marcel Boulin, the new founder of the Musée Dauphinois.
If one agrees that anthropological muséums — and more especially regional museums which explore a territory in all its aspects and present it from a pluridisciplinary point of view -have a structuring function in the history of anthropology, then Marcel Boulin (1919-83) certainly has a central place in the museums of the region of the Alps of Dauphiné. Owing to his very short stay in Grenoble (1966-69), to his very few publications due to very unfortunate circumstances in his life, and to his modesty, the rôle he played in the revival of the Musée Dauphinois has been forgotten. Before him, this museum had only collections, but no human resources, no budget and only inappropriate buildings. (It is Marcel Boulin who directed both the moving of the museum to the convent of Sainte-Marie-d'en-Haut and the retrospective inventory of its collections).
Marcel Boulin, a former worker of «the ATP », was the spiritual son of Marcel Maget and Georges Henri Rivière to whom he often made reference. Of the former he had the rigorous methods -he was himself a remarkable researcher from 1943 to 1955 and worked within the framework of the surveys initiated by the MNATP (fieldwork for the inventory and study of regional furniture, domestic objects, and crafts metallurgy in the Alps and in his native region of Saint-Etienne. Of the latter he had inherited the sober elegant and efficacious museographic expression based on the beauty of the masterpiece as well as on the suggestive power of the ordinary object. Boulin is a founder in that he has given strong new bases to the museum and enabled his successors to make it into an innovative institution in matters of temporary exhibitions and scenography and the head of the exemplary national cultural heritage network that is today the Conservatoire du Patrimoine of the département of Isère.
Entre tradition et progrès : Jules Brocherel (1871-1954)
Authors: Barberi Sandra 
Published: January 2018

Tra tradizione e progresso : Jules Brocherel (1871-1954)
Fotografo, etnografo, linguita, collezionista, pubblicista... Personaggio eclettico che sftigge a una precisa definizione, Jules Brocherel è stata una figura di primo piano nella vita valdostana della prima metà del XX secolo. Si è in effeti interessato a molti campi, ma sempre in relazione alla cultura alpina. Attraverso i suoi scritti ha giocato un ruolo estremamente importante di mediatore di idee nel corso di quei decenni cruciali che segnano il passaggio della Valle d'Aosta da un modo di vita tradizionale alla modernità. Ha cosi contribuito a rafforzare la coscienza di un'identità culturale di questa regione rispetto al mondo contemporaneo
E'nel solco degli orientamenti della cultura ufficiale che Brocherel ha afïrontato l'etnografia dopo la prima guerra mondiale, dedicando gran parte della sua attività alla promozione dell'artigianato e del folclore, assunti come elementi fondamentali per la costruzione di un'immagine turistica della Valle.
Collezionista per vocazione e mercante per necessità, ha rac-colto centinaia di oggetti destinati, in linea di principio a costituire i fondi del Museo della Valle d'Aosta, un progetto che egli non poté perô mai realizzare. La parte più rappresentativa della sua collezione, costituita da più di 400 pezzi, fu acquistata nel 1930 dal Museo Civico di Torino.
La cour des «prisonniers » : graffiti et métaphore carcérale dans un musée parisien
Authors: Monjaret Anne 
Published: January 2018

The "prisoners' yard" : graffiti and prison metaphor in a Paris muséum.
The African and Oceanic Arts Muséum (MAAO), once the colonial pavillon at the Exposition Coloniale of 1931, then museum of the French colonies in 1933, did not leave that period of its history unscathed. The building bears both official and unofficial traces of the time. On the walls of a basement yard, drawings, signatures and dates (1931...), figures and letters can be seen, graffiti drawn by those who for various reasons passed that way. These inscriptions suggest some disciplinary structure, sufficient to inspire certain of those who work here to refer to the place, when questioned, as the "prisoners' yard". Whatever the truth or otherwise of such words and deeds, the testimony of their existence seem part of a quest for identity through which the memory of the MAAO takes form, a memory founded upon a prison metaphor, at the crossroads of reality and imagination.
Traditions orales sur le Juif errant en Dauphiné et Savoie
Authors: Joisten Alice 
Published: January 2018

Les enquêtes de Charles Joisten en Dauphiné et en Savoie, qui sont à la source de ce travail, ont mis à jour dans ces deux régions d'assez nombreux récits de tradition orale dans lesquels le Juif errant apparaît sous de multiples aspects. On y trouve des attestations et des souvenirs de la célèbre complainte qui fut très diffusée par la littérature de colportage (errance, possession d'une bourse garnie de cinq sous inépuisables), des récits d'"expérience" selon lesquels des té¬ moins auraient rencontré ce personnage. Le Juif Errant apparaît aussi comme un géant dont les carastéristiques sont apparentées à celles de Gargantua (enjambées d'une montagne à l'autre, empreintes dans le paysage), comme un annonciateur de la fin du monde, ainsi que comme un "ouvrier prodigieux" (une bonne vieille ne parvient pas à le rassasier mais il lui fournit, avec les débris du fagot qu'il transporte, de quoi se chauffer pendant sept ans). Dans les Hautes-Alpes on le retrouve dans la troupe des morts et des récits de Savoie l'assimilent à un Chasseur sauvage.
On peut remarquer que le thème du Juif errant, dans la zone d'enquête de Charles Joisten, ne recouvre pas tout le territoire. On le trouve essentiellement dans les régions montagneuses à l'est, et au sud de la Drôme. L'article fournit quelques pistes pour tenter d'expliquer cette répartition géographique en la comparant avec celle de quelques autres êtres fantastiques déjà étudiés.
L'écomusée Nord-Dauphiné. Récit des cinq premières années (1980-1985)
Authors: Lazier Isabelle 
Published: January 2018

The first five years of the North Dauphiné Ecomuseum (1980-1985).
The North Dauphiné Ecomuseum, which started in 1980 at Isle-d'Abeau, operated for 13 years before closing. Looking back on its first five years helps to throw light on the key stages in its development : start of the museum association and definition of the project, allowing for the social, political and cultural environment.
The prime objective was to give local people a way of reconstructing the history of a specific place (a new town), but the many difficulties encountered from the outset prevented the réalisation of this aim. Though a difficult experience, it nevertheless pinpointed the issue of the role of heritage in building local identity, which has lost none of its immediacy.
Alignment of Irregular Grains by Mechanical Torques
Authors: Hoang Thiem , Cho Jungyeon , Lazarian A. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
We study the alignment of irregular dust grains by mechanical torques due to the drift of grains through the ambient gas. We first calculate mechanical alignment torques (MATs) resulting from specular reflection of gas atoms for seven irregular shapes: one shape of mirror symmetry, three highly irregular shapes (HIS), and three weakly irregular shapes (WIS). We find that the grain with mirror symmetry experiences negligible MATs due to its mirror-symmetry geometry. Three HIS can produce strong MATs, which exhibit some generic properties as radiative torques (RATs), while three WIS produce less efficient MATs. We then study grain alignment by MATs for the different angles between the drift velocity and the ambient magnetic field, for paramagnetic and superparamagnetic grains assuming efficient internal relaxation. We find that for HIS grains, MATs can align subsonically drifting grains in the same way as RATs, with low-J and high-J attractors. For supersonic drift, MATs can align grains with low-J and high-J attractors, analogous to RAT alignment by anisotropic radiation. We also show that the joint action of MATs and magnetic torques in grains with iron inclusions can lead to perfect MAT alignment. Our results point out the potential importance of MAT alignment for HIS grains predicted by the analytical model of Lazarian & Hoang, although more theoretical and observational studies are required due to uncertainty in the shape of interstellar grains. We outline astrophysical environments where MAT alignment is potentially important.
Global Properties of M31’s Stellar Halo from the SPLASH Survey. III. Measuring the Stellar Velocity Dispersion Profile∗
Authors: Gilbert Karoline M. , Tollerud Erik , Beaton Rachael L. , Guhathakurta Puragra , Bullock James S. , Chiba Masashi , Kalirai Jason S. , Kirby Evan N. , Majewski Steven R. , Tanaka Mikito 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
We present the velocity dispersion of red giant branch stars in M31’s halo, derived by modeling the line-of-sight velocity distribution of over 5000 stars in 50 fields spread throughout M31’s stellar halo. The data set was obtained as part of the Spectroscopic and Photometric Landscape of Andromeda’s Stellar Halo (SPLASH) Survey, and covers projected radii of 9 to 175 kpc from M31’s center. All major structural components along the line of sight in both the Milky Way (MW) and M31 are incorporated in a Gaussian Mixture Model, including all previously identified M31 tidal debris features in the observed fields. The probability that an individual star is a constituent of M31 or the MW, based on a set of empirical photometric and spectroscopic diagnostics, is included as a prior probability in the mixture model. The velocity dispersion of stars in M31’s halo is found to decrease only mildly with projected radius, from 108 km s−1 in the innermost radial bin (8.2 to 14.1 kpc) to ∼80 to 90 km s−1 at projected radii of ∼40–130 kpc, and can be parameterized with a power law of slope −0.12 ± 0.05. The quoted uncertainty on the power-law slope reflects only the precision of the method, although other sources of uncertainty we consider contribute negligibly to the overall error budget.
The Effects of Toroidal Magnetic Field on the Vertical Structure of Hot Accretion Flows
Authors: Zeraatgari Fatemeh Zahra , Mosallanezhad Amin , Abbassi Shahram , Yuan Ye-Fei 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
We solved the set of two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations for optically thin black hole accretion flows incorporating the toroidal component of the magnetic field. Following global and local MHD simulations of black hole accretion disks, the magnetic field inside the disk is decomposed into a large-scale field and a fluctuating field. The effects of the fluctuating magnetic field in transferring the angular momentum and dissipating the energy are described through the usual α description. We solved the MHD equations by assuming a steady-state and radially self-similar approximation in the r − θ plane of the spherical coordinate system. We found that as the amount of magnetic field at the equatorial plane increases, the heating by the viscosity decreases. In addition, the maximum amount of the heating by the viscous dissipation is produced at the midplane of the disk, while that of the heating by the magnetic field dissipation is produced at the surface of the disk. Our main conclusion is that in terms of the no-outflow solution, thermal equilibrium still exists for the strong magnetic field at the equatorial plane of the disk.
CO and Dust Properties in the TW Hya Disk from High-resolution ALMA Observations
Authors: Huang Jane , Andrews Sean M. , Cleeves L. Ilsedore , Öberg Karin I. , Wilner David J. , Bai Xuening , Birnstiel Til , Carpenter John , Hughes A. Meredith , Isella Andrea , Pérez Laura M. , Ricci Luca , Zhu Zhaohuan 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
We analyze high angular resolution ALMA observations of the TW Hya disk to place constraints on the CO and dust properties. We present new, sensitive observations of the 12CO J = 3 − 2 line at a spatial resolution of 8 au (0.″14). The CO emission exhibits a bright inner core, a shoulder at r ≈ 70 au, and a prominent break in slope at r ≈ 90 au. Radiative transfer modeling is used to demonstrate that the emission morphology can be reasonably reproduced with a 12CO column density profile featuring a steep decrease at r ≈ 15 au and a secondary bump peaking at r ≈ 70 au. Similar features have been identified in observations of rarer CO isotopologues, which trace heights closer to the midplane. Substructure in the underlying gas distribution or radially varying CO depletion that affects much of the disk’s vertical extent may explain the shared emission features of the main CO isotopologues. We also combine archival 1.3 mm and 870 μm continuum observations to produce a spectral index map at a spatial resolution of 2 au. The spectral index rises sharply at the continuum emission gaps at radii of 25, 41, and 47 au. This behavior suggests that the grains within the gaps are no larger than a few millimeters. Outside the continuum gaps, the low spectral index values of α ≈ 2 indicate either that grains up to centimeter size are present or that the bright continuum rings are marginally optically thick at millimeter wavelengths.
Star Formation in the Sh 2-53 Region Influenced by Accreting Molecular Filaments
Authors: Baug T. , Dewangan L. K. , Ojha D. K. , Tachihara Kengo , Pandey A. K. , Sharma Saurabh , Tamura M. , Ninan J. P. , Ghosh S. K. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
We present a multiwavelength analysis of a ∼30′ × 30′ area around the Sh 2-53 region (hereafter S53 complex), which is associated with at least three H ii regions, two mid-infrared bubbles (N21 and N22), and infrared dark clouds. The 13CO line data trace the molecular content of the S53 complex in a velocity range of 36–60 km s−1 and show the presence of at least three molecular components within the selected area along this direction. Using the observed radio continuum flux of the H ii regions, the derived spectral types of the ionizing sources agree well with the previously reported results. The S53 complex harbors clusters of young stellar objects (YSOs) that are identified using the photometric 2–24 μm magnitudes. It also hosts several massive condensations (

) that are traced in the Herschel column density map. The complex is found at the junction of at least five molecular filaments, and the flow of gas toward the junction is evident in the velocity space of the 13CO data. Together, the S53 complex is embedded in a very similar “hub–filament” system to those reported in Myers, and the active star formation is evident toward the central “hub” inferred by the presence of the clustering of YSOs.
Recombinant Human Vimentin Binds to P-Selectin and Blocks Neutrophil Capture and Rolling on Platelets and Endothelium
Authors: Lam Fong W. , Da Qi , Guillory Bobby , Cruz Miguel A. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelium and platelets is an early step in the acute inflammatory response. The initial process is mediated through P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) on leukocytes binding to platelets adhered to endothelium and the endothelium itself via P-selectin. Although these interactions are generally beneficial, pathologic inflammation may occur in undesirable circumstances, such as in acute lung injury (ALI) and ischemia and reperfusion injury. Therefore, the development of novel therapies to attenuate inflammation may be beneficial. In this article, we describe the potential benefit of using a recombinant human vimentin (rhVim) on reducing human leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelium and platelets under shear stress. The addition of rhVim to whole blood and isolated neutrophils decreased leukocyte adhesion to endothelial and platelet monolayers. Furthermore, rhVim blocked neutrophil adhesion to P-selectin–coated surfaces. Binding assays showed that rhVim binds specifically to P-selectin and not to its counterreceptor, PSGL-1. Finally, in an endotoxin model of ALI in C57BL/6J mice, treatment with rhVim significantly decreased histologic findings of ALI. These data suggest a potential role for rhVim in attenuating inflammation through blocking P-selectin–PSGL-1 interactions.
Cleavage of TL1A Differentially Regulates Its Effects on Innate and Adaptive Immune Cells
Authors: Ferdinand John R. , Richard Arianne C. , Meylan Françoise , Al-Shamkhani Aymen , Siegel Richard M. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
TNF superfamily cytokines play major roles in the regulation of adaptive and innate immunity. The TNF superfamily cytokine TL1A (TNFSF15), through its cognate receptor DR3 (TNFRSF25), promotes T cell immunity to pathogens and directly costimulates group 2 and 3 innate lymphoid cells. Polymorphisms in the TNFSF15 gene are associated with the risk for various human diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease. Like other cytokines in the TNF superfamily, TL1A is synthesized as a type II transmembrane protein and cleaved from the plasma membrane by metalloproteinases. Membrane cleavage has been shown to alter or abrogate certain activities of other TNF family cytokines; however, the functional capabilities of membrane-bound and soluble forms TL1A are not known. Constitutive expression of TL1A in transgenic mice results in expansion of activated T cells and promotes intestinal hyperplasia and inflammation through stimulation of group 2 innate lymphoid cells. Through the generation of membrane-restricted TL1A-transgenic mice, we demonstrate that membrane TL1A promotes expression of inflammatory cytokines in the lung, dependent upon DR3 expression on T cells. Soluble TL1A alone was unable to produce this phenotype but was still able to induce intestinal type 2 inflammation independently of T cells. These data suggest differential roles for membrane and soluble TL1A on adaptive and innate immune cells and have implications for the consequences of blocking these two forms of TL1A.
A machine learning calibration model using random forests to improve sensor performance for lower-cost air quality monitoring
Authors: Zimmerman Naomi , Presto Albert A. , Kumar Sriniwasa P. N. , Gu Jason , Hauryliuk Aliaksei , Robinson Ellis S. , Robinson Allen L. ,   R. Subramanian
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Low-cost sensing strategies hold the promise of denser air quality monitoring networks, which could significantly improve our understanding of personal air pollution exposure. Additionally, low-cost air quality sensors could be deployed to areas where limited monitoring exists. However, low-cost sensors are frequently sensitive to environmental conditions and pollutant cross-sensitivities, which have historically been poorly addressed by laboratory calibrations, limiting their utility for monitoring. In this study, we investigated different calibration models for the Real-time Affordable Multi-Pollutant (RAMP) sensor package, which measures CO, NO2, O3, and CO2. We explored three methods: (1) laboratory univariate linear regression, (2) empirical multiple linear regression, and (3) machine-learning-based calibration models using random forests (RF). Calibration models were developed for 16–19 RAMP monitors (varied by pollutant) using training and testing windows spanning August 2016 through February 2017 in Pittsburgh, PA, US. The random forest models matched (CO) or significantly outperformed (NO2, CO2, O3) the other calibration models, and their accuracy and precision were robust over time for testing windows of up to 16 weeks. Following calibration, average mean absolute error on the testing data set from the random forest models was 38 ppb for CO (14 % relative error), 10 ppm for CO2 (2 % relative error), 3.5 ppb for NO2 (29 % relative error), and 3.4 ppb for O3 (15 % relative error), and Pearson r versus the reference monitors exceeded 0.8 for most units. Model performance is explored in detail, including a quantification of model variable importance, accuracy across different concentration ranges, and performance in a range of monitoring contexts including the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) and the US EPA Air Sensors Guidebook recommendations of minimum data quality for personal exposure measurement. A key strength of the RF approach is that it accounts for pollutant cross-sensitivities. This highlights the importance of developing multipollutant sensor packages (as opposed to single-pollutant monitors); we determined this is especially critical for NO2 and CO2. The evaluation reveals that only the RF-calibrated sensors meet the US EPA Air Sensors Guidebook recommendations of minimum data quality for personal exposure measurement. We also demonstrate that the RF-model-calibrated sensors could detect differences in NO2 concentrations between a near-road site and a suburban site less than 1.5 km away. From this study, we conclude that combining RF models with carefully controlled state-of-the-art multipollutant sensor packages as in the RAMP monitors appears to be a very promising approach to address the poor performance that has plagued low-cost air quality sensors.