bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unterschiede in der Morbidität nach Krankenversichertenstatus im Alter
Authors: Hajek A. , Bock J.-O. , Saum K.-U. , Schöttker B. , Brenner H. , Heider D. , König H.-H. 
Published: June 2016

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie: Es fehlen bislang Studien, die Morbiditätsunterschiede zwischen GKV und PKV in der älteren Bevölkerung untersuchen. Ziel dieser Studie ist es daher, Unterschiede in der Morbidität zwischen den Versicherten der GKV und PKV im Alter aufzudecken.
Methodik: Es wurden Daten von 2 Follow-Up-Wellen mit einem Abstand von 3 Jahren herangezogen. Diese basieren auf einer bevölkerungsbezogenen Kohortenstudie (ESTHER Studie) im Saarland. Die Morbidität wurde durch Hausarztangaben mit einem generischen Instrument (Cumulative Illness Rating Scale for Geriatrics) erfasst. Zur Schätzung wurde der Between-Schätzer herangezogen, der ausschließlich die Variation zwischen den Individuen quantifiziert. Dabei wurde im Basismodell neben dem Versichertenstatus für das Geschlecht und das Alter kontrolliert. In weiteren Modellen wurde sukzessive ebenfalls für Schulbildung, den Familienstand und das Einkommen kontrolliert.
Ergebnisse: Während in den Spezifikationen ohne Berücksichtigung des Einkommens beträchtliche Unterschiede in der Morbidität zwischen PKV- und GKV-Versicherten erkennbar waren, mindert sich dieser Effekt unter Kontrolle des Einkommens stark und war bei Männern nicht mehr signifikant.
Schlussfolgerung: Zu einem bedeutenden Teil können existierende Morbiditätsunterschiede zwischen Versicherten der GKV und PKV durch Einkommensunterschiede zwischen den beiden Gruppen erklärt werden. Dies zeigt die große Bedeutung der Ausgestaltung des Modells bei der Untersuchung von Morbiditätsunterschieden zwischen GKV und PKV auf.
Seasonal and Diel Bathythermal Distributions of Lake Whitefish in Lake Huron: Potential Implications for Lake Trout Bycatch in Commercial Fisheries
Authors: Bergstedt Roger A. , Argyle Ray L. , Taylor William W. , Krueger Charles C. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Depths and temperatures recorded during 2003–2005 by archival tags implanted in Lake Whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis and in Great Lakes origin (GLO) and New York Finger Lakes origin (FLO) strains of Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush were used to compare seasonal diel depth and temperature distributions in Lake Huron. Seasonal depth distributions were examined to determine if species differences could be exploited to reduce bycatch of Lake Trout in commercial Lake Whitefish gill-net fisheries. Both GLO and FLO Lake Trout used deeper and colder waters than Lake Whitefish during daylight and dark. Temperature differences between species were greatest during periods of stratification when behavioral thermoregulation was possible. Other than during spawning periods, the greatest depth and temperature separation occurred in late July between FLO Lake Trout (37.0 m; 6.5 ºC) and Lake Whitefish (25.1 m; 10.2 ºC). If maximum depths of gill nets were regulated seasonally to between 25 and 35 m, ≥ 50% of the Lake Whitefish population would be vulnerable while avoiding 89% or more of Lake Trout. Lake Trout percentages targeted under such regulations would be lowest in late July (GLO = 8% and FLO = 11%) and early August (GLO = 4% and FLO = 7%). However, archival tags measure fish depth and not location or bottom depth, and modal depths of gill-net effort for Lake Whitefish (38 to 57 m) exceeded those from the Lake Whitefish archival tag data. This discrepancy suggests that many Lake Whitefish might be pelagic above the reach of bottom-set gill nets, so depth restrictions could be less effective in reducing Lake Trout bycatch than suggested by our data. A further implication is that use of gill nets suspended above the bottom to target pelagic Lake Whitefish could also reduce bycatch while potentially increasing Lake Whitefish harvest.
Received August 19, 2015; accepted February 21, 2016 Published online June 28, 2016
Exploring historical ‘frameworks’ as a curriculum goal: a case study examining students’ notions of historical significance when using millennia‐wide time scales
Authors: Carroll James Edward 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTHistory teachers, teacher–researchers, government agencies and history education academics in England often report that students are frequently incapable of producing complex, polythetic or developmental narratives over long time scales. This lack of an overview tends to result in deficiencies in their application of the key concepts of the discipline. Consequently Shemilt has recommended the use of synoptic, millennia‐wide ‘frameworks’ of knowledge in order to counteract these issues. With some notable exceptions, however, practising history teachers have appeared sceptical of the benefits of such an approach. I conducted an exploratory case study investigating in what ways a pre‐taught framework, in which I had responded to some practitioners’ criticisms, appeared to be manifested in my students’ subsequent thinking regarding historical significance. My goal was to contribute to professional curricular theorising about what constitutes a framework and how it might be expressed as a curricular goal. Themes were derived from pupils’ writing, lesson evaluations, group interviews and observations. Possible curricular goals that were characterised in the students’ work included the pupils producing millennia‐wide narratives based on colligatory generalisations and assessments of historical significance incorporating scale‐shifting over long time scales.
Historical thinking about sources in the context of a standards‐based curriculum: a Swedish case
Authors: Samuelsson Johan , Wendell Joakim 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTThe increased interest in basing teaching on disciplinary thinking has had a profound impact on the syllabus for history in Sweden. Within this context, we examine how students demonstrate one aspect of disciplinary thinking in history, namely reasoning about historical sources. The material used is written answers to an assignment about historical sources in the national test in history for year 6. The analysis shows that many students are able to show at least some aspects of disciplinary thinking about sources, though the vast majority has problems with contextualising the source in the assignment. One explanation put forth is that the syllabus is not yet fully enacted in teaching practices.
Jung’s insights on ethics in business and work organisations: examining the ‘moral nature of present-day man’
Authors: Rozuel Cécile 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTBusiness can be likened to an institution of archetypal stature, influencing not only how work organisations are managed but also what society values both socio-economically and morally. As such, it also carries a significant shadow that pervades the psyche of individual agents. The significance of this collective shadow raises important moral questions usually discussed under the term ‘business ethics’; however, too little attention is given to the unconscious influences that underlie most moral conflicts in business and within the context of work organisations. Jung’s insights into the moral dimension of the psyche and the ethical value of individuation have much relevance to a better understanding of the various types of moral tension in business and at work. In particular, Jung’s comprehension of the inherent moral struggle between the individual and the collective is discussed, and its value for reviewing the state of ethics in business is explained.
Stock-Specific Size and Migration of Juvenile Coho Salmon in British Columbia and Southeast Alaska Waters
Authors: Beacham Terry D. , Beamish Richard J. , Neville Chrys M. , Candy John R. , Wallace Colin , Tucker Strahan , Trudel Marc 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The variation at 17 microsatellites was analyzed for 5,270 juvenile Coho Salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch obtained from coastal British Columbia and Gulf of Alaska surveys during 1998–2012. A 270-population baseline was used to determine the individual identifications of the fish sampled, with individuals being identified to 22 stocks of origin. Columbia River and Washington juveniles were consistently larger than those from British Columbia and Alaska. During June, the larger individuals within a stock were observed in more northerly locations. There was a relationship between the timing of northward migration and juvenile body size, with larger individuals migrating earlier than smaller individuals from the same stocks. Stock composition was more diverse in the northern sampling regions than in those in southern British Columbia. There was only a modest change in stock composition between fall and winter samples in both the Strait of Georgia and west coast of Vancouver Island sampling regions, indicating that juvenile migration had largely been completed by the fall. There was a wide divergence among stocks in juvenile size and dispersion among sampling locations.
Received December 9, 2015; accepted February 9, 2016
The galactoside 2-α-L-fucosyltransferase FUT1 fromArabidopsis thaliana: crystallization and experimental MAD phasing
Authors: Rocha Joana , Cicéron Félix , Lerouxel Olivier , Breton Christelle , de Sanctis Daniele 
Published: June 2016

The plant cell wall is a complex network of polysaccharides made up of cellulose, hemicelluloses and pectins. Xyloglucan (XyG), which is the main hemicellulosic component of dicotyledonous plants, has attracted much attention for its role in plant development and for its many industrial applications. The XyG-specific fucosyltransferase (FUT1) adds a fucose residue from GDP-fucose to the 2-O position of the terminal galactosyl residues on XyG side chains. Recombinant FUT1 fromArabidopsis thalianawas crystallized in two different crystal forms, with the best diffracting crystals (up to 1.95 Å resolution) belonging to the monoclinic space groupP21, with unit-cell parametersa= 87.6,b= 84.5,c = 150.3 Å, β = 96.3°.Ab initiophases were determined using a two-wavelength anomalous dispersion experiment on a tantalum bromide-derivatized crystal with data collected at the rising and descending inflection points of the Ta white line. An interpretable electron-density map was obtained after elaborate density modification. Model completion and structural analysis are currently under way.
Preserving the delicate balance to manage a thriving business in South Africa – the adventure of OneLogix
Authors: Goh Jenson Chong-Leng , Saville Adrian , Scheepers Caren 
Published: June 2016

Study level/applicability
This teaching case is specially designed for students who are in their advanced stage of their undergraduate business degree program. It can also be used in a Master of Business program.

Case overview
This teaching case documents that roller coaster ride of failures and success of OneLogix (a niche logistic service providers) from its birth in 2000 till present day. It seeks to present a rich contextual information about how difficult it is for businesses to survive and become profitable in South Africa.

Expected learning outcomes
On completion of the case, students will be able to analyze the external environment of an organization, determine what factors will impact the organization’s profitability and survivability, analyze the evolution of an industry, apply and discuss how the evolution of an industry can affect an organization’s profitability and survivability, explain the difference between entrepreneurial versus efficiency management approach, discuss how each approach will conflict the other and identify ways that can harmonize the two approaches, explain strategies for organization to develop capabilities to be responsive to changes in its business environment and compose and apply strategies according to the contextual information provided within the teaching case.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Subject code
CSS 11: Strategy
Mandatory Retirement and Older Worker Employment Decisions: Evidence from a Matched Difference‐in‐Differences Estimator
Authors: Tsai Wehn‐Jyuan 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn 2008, the minimum age at which private‐sector workers in Taiwan could be forced by their employers to retire from their jobs was raised from 60 to 65 years. In this study, we evaluate the effects of the increase in the mandatory retirement age on the labour supply trend among the elderly using a nationally‐representative Taiwanese panel data set. Based upon the application of a combination of matching and difference‐in‐differences approaches, we find that postponing mandatory retirement has a significant effect, in terms of slowing down the withdrawal of the elderly from the labour force. Among elderly workers affected by the 2008 amendment, particularly those retiring from the public sector, the likelihood of re‐entering the labour market is found to be 3 to 4% higher than that for their counterparts who were not subject to such a constraint, a finding that clearly suggests that an increase in the mandatory retirement age helps to alleviate the problems associated with an aging population in countries where long‐term labour contracts are prevalent.
Community Characteristics and Qualified Health Plan Selection during the First Open Enrollment Period
Authors: Boudreaux Michel , Blewett Lynn A. , Fried Brett , Hempstead Katherine , Karaca‐Mandic Pinar 
Published: June 2016

ObjectiveTo examine state and community factors that contributed to geographic variation in qualified health plan selection during the first open enrollment period.Data Sources/Study SettingAdministrative data on qualified health plan selections at the ZIP code area merged with survey estimates from the American Community Survey.Study DesignDescriptive and regression analyses.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsData were generated by healthcare.gov and from a household survey.Principal FindingsThirty‐one percent of the variation in qualified health plan selection ratios resulted from between‐state differences, and the rest was driven by local area differences. Education, language, age, gender, and the ethnic composition of communities contributed to disparate levels of plan selection. Medicaid expansion states had a qualified health plan selection ratio that was 4.4 points lower than non‐Medicaid expansion states, controlling for covariates.ConclusionsOur results suggest community‐level differences in the intensity or receptiveness to outreach and enrollment activities during the first open enrollment period.
The Effects of Environmental Exposure on the Optical, Physical, and Chemical Properties of Manufactured Fibers of Natural Origin
Authors: Brinsko Kelly M. , Sparenga Sebastian , King Meggan 
Published: June 2016

AbstractManufactured fibers derived from natural origins include viscose rayon, azlon, and polylactic acid (PLA). A 2‐year study was conducted to document any changes these fibers undergo as a result of exposure to various environmental conditions. Fabric swatches representing each fiber type were exposed to freshwater, saltwater, heat, cold, ultraviolet light, or composter conditions. Fibers from the swatches were periodically analyzed using polarized light microscopy and Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy. Fiber solubility and melting‐point behavior were measured every 6 months. Except for the complete degradation of viscose rayon in the composter, saltwater, and freshwater environs, no changes in the optical properties, infrared spectra, solubility, or melting points of the remaining fibers in any of the environments were observed. However, microscopic morphological changes were observed in fibers from two azlon swatches submerged in freshwater and saltwater, two PLA swatches exposed to ultraviolet light, and two viscose rayon swatches exposed to ultraviolet light.
Distribution of Cathepsin D Activity between Lysosomes and a Soluble Fraction of Marinating Brine
Authors: Szymczak Mariusz 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis paper is the first ever to describe the phenomenon of bimodal distribution of cathepsin D in the lysosomal and soluble fractions of brine left after herring marinating. Up to 2 times higher cathepsin D activity was observed in the lysosome fraction. Activity of cathepsin D in brine increased according to the logarithmic function during low frequency‐high power ultrasounds treatment or according to the linear function after multiple freezing‐thawing of brine. Activity enhancement was achieved only in the brine devoid of lipids and suspension. Study results show also that measurement of lysosomal cathepsin D activity in the marinating brine requires also determining cathepsin E activity. Decreasing pore size of microfilter from 2.7 to 0.3 μm significantly reduced the lysosome content in the brine. The presence of lysosomes and the possibility of their separation as well as the likely release of cathepsins shall be considered during industrial application of the marinating brine, as new cathepsins preparations in fish and meat technology.
Paralysis of the orbicularis muscle of the eye using botulinum toxin type A in the treatment for dry eye
Authors: Serna‐Ojeda Juan Carlos , Nava‐Castaneda Angel 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the efficacy of botulinum toxin type A injection to cause orbicularis eyelid muscle paralysis to improve dry eye signs and symptoms.MethodsA prospective, randomized, comparative eye‐to‐eye and interventional study was performed. Patients with dry eye symptoms and positive fluorescein corneal staining were included. Randomly one eyelid received a subcutaneous injection of botulinum toxin in the medial orbicularis muscle portion of the lower eyelid, and the other eye received placebo. The subjective evaluation was achieved with a questionnaire assessing symptoms, quality of vision and ocular comfort level. The objective evaluation included the measurement of the tear film break‐up time (TBUT), Schirmer's test and corneal and conjunctival staining.ResultsTwenty patients were included with a mean age of 59.5 years. Two weeks after the botulinum toxin injection, all patients showed a decrease in the horizontal movement of the lower eyelid when blinking. The eyes in the active treatment group showed better scores compared with the sham group in four symptoms 4 weeks after the treatment. The TBUT was higher at 1 and 3 months in the active treatment group. The corneal and conjunctival staining were significantly lower in the active treatment group at 1 and 3 months, and the Schirmer's test showed better measurements in the same group at 2 weeks, 1 month and 3 months. There were no adverse events reported.ConclusionsThe injection of botulinum toxin A in the medial part of the lower eyelid is an effective and safe procedure that temporally improves some of the signs and symptoms of patients with dry eye.
Epidemiology and clinical presentation of canine distemper disease in dogs and ferrets in Australia, 2006–2014
Authors: Wyllie SE , Kelman M , Ward MP 
Published: June 2016

ObjectiveTo determine the status and distribution of distemper in Australian dogs and ferrets.DesignRetrospective case series.MethodsCases were identified via a national voluntary disease reporting system, veterinarian groups and a national laboratory database. The geographic distribution, seasonal distribution, signalment and clinical presentation of cases were described using maps and frequency distributions.ResultsA total of 48 individually affected dogs and ferrets in 27 case groups were identified, including eight confirmed case groups (> one individual). Confirmed cases were more common in summer and on the central coast of New South Wales and southern Victoria, and occurred exclusively in young, unvaccinated dogs. For dogs there was no obvious sex predilection. A mortality rate of 100% in ferrets and up to 77% in dogs was estimated. Neurological, gastrointestinal and respiratory were the most commonly reported systems affected in dogs and ferrets. There was no evidence that any large, unreported outbreaks occurred during the study period.ConclusionsContinuation of vaccination against canine distemper virus is justified within Australia, particularly for younger dogs. Veterinarians should continue to consider distemper in their differential diagnosis of cases with neurological, gastrointestinal and respiratory presentation.
Antitumour and antiangiogenic activities of [Pt(O,O′‐acac)(γ‐acac)(DMS)] in a xenograft model of human renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Muscella A , Vetrugno C , Biagioni F , Calabriso N , Calierno M T , Fornai F , De Pascali S A , Marsigliante S , Fanizzi F P 
Published: June 2016

Background and PurposeIt is thought that the mechanism of action of anticancer chemotherapeutic agents is mainly due to a direct inhibition of tumour cell proliferation. In tumour specimens, the endothelial cell proliferation rate increases, suggesting that the therapeutic effects of anticancer agents could also be attributed to inhibition of tumour angiogenesis. Hence, we investigated the potential effects of [Pt(O,O′‐acac)(γ‐acac)(DMS)] ([Pt(DMS)]), a new platinum drug for non‐genomic targets, on human renal carcinoma and compared them with those of the well‐established anticancer drug, cisplatin.Experimental ApproachTumour growth, tumour cell proliferation and microvessel density were investigated in a xenograft model of renal cell carcinoma, developed by injecting Caki‐1 cells into BALB/c nude mice. The antiangiogenic potential of compounds was also investigated using HUVECs.Key ResultsTreatment of the Caki‐1 cells with cisplatin or [Pt(DMS)] resulted in a dose‐dependent inhibition of cell survival, but the cytotoxicity of [Pt(DMS)] was approximately fivefold greater than that of cisplatin.[Pt(DMS)] was much more effective than cisplatin at inhibiting tumour growth, proliferation and angiogenesis in vivo, as well as migration, tube formation and MMP1, MMP2 and MMP9 secretion of endothelial cells in vitro. Whereas, cisplatin exerted a greater cytotoxic effect on HUVECs, but did not affect tube formation or the migration of endothelial cells. In addition, treatment of the xenograft mice with [Pt(DMS)] decreased VEGF, MMP1 and MMP2 expressions in tumours.Conclusions and ImplicationsThe antiangiogenic and antitumour activities of [Pt(DMS)] provide a solid starting point for its validation as a suitable candidate for further pharmacological testing.