bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low-Temperature LPCVD MEMS Technologies
Authors: Howe Roger T. , King Tsu-Jae 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis paper describes recent research on LPCVD processes for the fabrication of high-quality micro-mechanical structures on foundry CMOS wafers. In order to avoid damaging CMOS electronics with either aluminum or copper metallization, the MEMS process temperatures should be limited to a maximum of 450°C. This constraint rules out the conventional polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) as a candidate structural material for post-CMOS integrated MEMS. Polycrystalline silicon-germanium (poly-SiGe) alloys are attractive for modular integration of MEMS with electronics, because they can be deposited at much lower temperatures than poly-Si films, yet have excellent mechanical properties. In particular, in-situ doped p-type poly-SiGe films deposit rapidly at low temperatures and have adequate conductivity without post-deposition annealing. Poly-Ge can be etched very selectively to Si, SiGe, SiO2 and Si3N4 in a heated hydrogen peroxide solution, and can therefore be used as a sacrificial material to eliminate the need to protect the CMOS electronics during the MEMS-release etch. Low-resistance contact between a structural poly-SiGe layer and an underlying CMOS metal interconnect can be accomplished by deposition of the SiGe onto a typical barrier metal exposed in contact windows. We conclude with directions for further research to develop poly-SiGe technology for integrated inertial, optical, and RF MEMS applications.
Spectrally Resolved Cathodoluminescence (SRCL) of Hydrothermal ZnO crystals
Authors: Mass J. , Avella M. , Jiménez J. , Callahan M. , Grant E. , Rakes K. , Bliss D. , Wang Buguo 
Published: February 2017

AbstractLarge hydrothermal ZnO crystals were grown using 3N NaOH, 1N KOH and 0.5N Li2CO3mineralizer. The crystals were studied by cathodoluminescence (CL), showing a good crystalline quality. Different growth regions were identified by CL imaging. These regions were characterized by their corresponding luminescence spectra, showing that the incorporation of impurities and non radiative recombination centers depend on the growth sector. The surface is shown to introduce band tailing modifying the high energy part of the spectrum. The main spectral signatures of each sector are discussed.
Motivation of youth students with use of cell phones/Motivación de jóvenes universitarios hacia el uso de teléfonos celulares
Authors: Herrera-Mendoza Ketty Milena , Acuña Rodríguez Mónica Patricia , Gil Vega Laura 
Published: February 2017

Los teléfonos celulares son hoy en día más que un medio de comunicación, incluyen una serie de aplicaciones que se configuran como centro de entretenimiento personalizado, atractivo para todos. Sin embargo, las formas de consumo de telefonía celular en los jóvenes, han generado una ruptura con los mecanismos de interacción y socialización tradicionales, que han conducido a la configuración de una nueva cultura juvenil, incluyendo nuevos movimientos tecnológicos formas móviles de expresión. (Estupiñan, J & Chaparro, D. 2009). El desarrollo de la presente investigación, tuvo como objetivo principal describir los motivos que conducen a los jóvenes universitarios al uso de teléfonos celulares. Con base en la teoría de la motivación de Hoyer, & Macinnis. (2010), se siguió una metodología de tipo cuantitativa, donde se analizaron las dimensiones “Relevancia personal”, “Riesgo percibido” e “incongruencia con las actitudes” en cuanto al uso de teléfonos móviles. Se seleccionó una muestra de 200 sujetos, a quienes se les aplicó una escala tipo Likert. Los resultados obtenidos indican niveles de favorabilidad para las tres subesacalas analizadas, en el caso de“Incongruencia con las Actitudes”, representada por un 67%; “Relevancia personal”, 54,5% y “Riesgo percibido” 42% de favorabilidad respecto a la muestra general.
Recruiting forced from children and adolescents: from victims to perpetrators/Reclutamiento forzado de niños, niñas y adolescentes: de víctimas a victimarios
Authors: Ortiz Jiménez William 
Published: February 2017

En el presente ensayo se desarrolla la tesis de que el reclutamiento forzado que sufren niños, niñas y adolescentes (NNA) en sus decisiones como personas humanas y, victimarios, porque igualmente cometen actos ilícitos, actúan al margen de la ley, razón por la cual se les impone la normatividad internacional para ser juzgados y perseguidos como actores del conflicto armado.El ensayo se desarrolló mediante una metodología cualitativa y de contrastación teórica, así como la selección, depuración y análisis de diversos textos, ensayos e investigaciones relacionados con el tema y que dieran cuenta sobre el reclutamiento forzado de los NNA en los diferentes grupos alzados en armas y sus posteriores implicaciones sociopolíticas
Population-Level Differences in Rectal Cancer Survival in Uninsured Patients Are Partially Explained by Differences in Treatment
Authors: Pulte Dianne , Jansen Lina , Brenner Hermann 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

Background
Rectal cancer (RC) is a common malignancy with a substantial mortality but good survival for patients with optimally treated nonmetastatic disease. Lack of insurance may compromise access to care and therefore compromise survival. Here, we examine RC survival by insurance type.

Methods
Data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database were used to determine 1- to 3-year survival for patients with RC by insurance type (Medicaid, uninsured, other insurance).

Results
Patients with Medicaid or no insurance presented at later stages and were less likely to receive definitive surgery. Overall 3-year survival was higher for patients with other insurance compared with Medicaid-insured (+22.2% units) and uninsured (+18.8% units) patients. Major differences in survival were still observed after adjustment for stage. When patients with stage II and III RC were considered, 3-year survival was higher for patients with other insurance versus those with Medicaid (+16.2% units) and uninsured patients (+12.2% units). However, when the analysis was limited to patients with stage II and III disease who received radiation therapy followed by definitive surgery, the difference decreased to +11.8% units and +7.3% units, respectively, for Medicaid and no insurance.

Conclusion
For patients with stage II and III RC, much of the difference in survival between uninsured patients and those with insurance other than Medicaid can be explained by differences in treatment. Further efforts to determine the cause of residual differences as well as efforts to improve access to standard-of-care treatment for uninsured patients may improve population-level survival for RC.
CARACTERISTICAS CLÍNICAS E CIRURGICAS DE IDOSOS SUBMETIDOS A CIRURGIA CARDÍACA
Authors: Cordeiro André Luiz , Guimarães André Raimundo , Pontes Sarah Souza , Jesus Leilane , Lima Carolina , Coutinho Vanessa 
Published: February 2017

Introdução: A expectativa de vida vem aumentando nas últimas décadas e associado a isso existe também um aumento da incidência de doenças cardiovasculares. Uma das formas de tratamento para essas doenças é a cirurgia cardíaca sendo muito prevalente em idosos. Objetivo: Caracterizar o perfil clínico e cirúrgico de idosos submetidos a cirurgia cardíaca. Metodologia: Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo observacional com os pacientes internados na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva do Instituto Nobre de Cardiologia. No primeiro dia pós-cirurgia todos os pacientes foram avaliados na busca de dados relacionados ao seu perfil clínico e cirúrgico. Resultados: Durante o período da pesquisa foram operados 51 pacientes, sendo 39 homens (77%), com a média de idade mais prevalente acima de 75 anos (30%), hipertensão arterial e diabetes melitus as comorbidades mais encontradas (67 e 58%, respectivamente) e 53% com o Índice de Massa Corpórea dentro da normalidade. Em relação as características cirúrgicas 90% dos pacientes realizaram cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio, havendo necessidade em 72% dos casos de três pontes, tempo de Circulação Extracorpórea de 74 ± 22 minutos e tempo de Ventilação Mecânica de 8 ± 4 horas. Conclusão: Com base nesses achados pode-se caracterizar que os idosos submetidos a revascularização do miocárdio têm mais de 75 anos, do gênero masculino, hipertensos, e sedentários.
Uma pesquisa-ação no ensino-aprendizagem da língua inglesa para crianças com uso de tecnologias digitais / An action research in english language teaching and learning for children with use of digital technologies
Authors: Chimenti Maria Carolina Coelho , Lins Heloísa Andreia de Matos 
Published: February 2017

RESUMO: O presente artigo baseia-se numa pesquisa de campo que objetivou oferecer subsídios pedagógicos à utilização de tecnologias digitais no processo de ensino-aprendizagem da língua inglesa, em duas turmas de 5º ano do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola pública municipal em Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil. Com base na perspectiva da pedagogia da infância, que concebe a criança como protagonista e também (re)produtora de conhecimentos, foram realizadas atividades com vídeos do YouTube, jogos online, músicas, entre outros objetos de aprendizagem. Da mesma forma, observações, entrevistas e questionários foram feitos com as professoras e os alunos envolvidos na pesquisa. Com base nessa pesquisa-ação, foram analisados aspectos referentes às contribuições de alguns recursos digitais no ensino e na aprendizagem da língua inglesa no Ensino Fundamental (ciclo I) e obtiveram-se dados que permitiram conhecer: a importância da aprendizagem na infância de um idioma estrangeiro nos dias atuais, principalmente o inglês, e de que forma as tecnologias digitais podem tornar o aprendizado mais contextualizado, significativo, motivando as crianças para a aprendizagem do idioma, num cenário em que possam ser (cri)ativas.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: língua inglesa; tecnologias na educação; ensino de línguas; aprendizagem; infância. ABSTRACT: The present article is based on a field research that aimed to provide educational subsidies for the use of digital technologies in teaching and learning process of English language, in two classes of the fifth grade from the elementary school, at the public school located in Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. Based on the perspective of childhood pedagogy, which conceives the child as the protagonist and also (re)productive of knowledge, activities were carried with YouTube videos, online games, music, and many other learning objects. Likewise, observations, interviews and questionnaires were made with teachers and students involved in the research. Based on the action research, we analyzed aspects related to the contribution of some digital resources in teaching and learning of English at elementary school and we obtained many elements that allowed us to know the importance of learning a foreign language in the childhood nowadays, mainly English, and how new technologies can make learning more contextualized, meaningful, motivating children for language learning in a context in which they can be (cri)ative.KEYWORDS: English language; technology in education; language teaching; learning; childhood.
Contribuições do sociointeracionismo para a aprendizagem de um idioma em plataformas digitais / Contributions from sociointeracionism to the learning of a language in digital platforms
Authors: Santos de Morales Renata , Reck Maggi Noeli , Marques da Silveira André Luis , Figueiró Ramiro Juliana 
Published: February 2017

RESUMO: Este artigo apresenta, a partir de um breve estudo de caso que tem como objeto a plataforma de ensino da Língua Inglesa My English Online, considerações iniciais sobre as possíveis contribuições da teoria sociointeracionista, proposta por Lev Semenovich Vigotsky, para um melhor desenvolvimento de ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem. No estudo da ferramenta, verificou-se que, tal como ocorre frequentemente em projetos de designinstrucional, o desenvolvimento da plataforma foi orientado pelo construtivismo de Jean Piaget, fato que será apresentado a partir da seleção e exposição reflexiva de algumas funcionalidades dessa plataforma. O desafio deste artigo é pautar, a partir da sugestão de inclusão de novas funcionalidades na plataforma, uma possibilidade de unir ambas as teorias com o objetivo de contribuir para a aprendizagem.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: aprendizagem de idioma; sociointeracionismo; plataformas digitais. ABSTRACT: This article presents, based on a brief case study which has as its object the English teaching platform My English Online, initial considerations on the possible contributions of the sociointeractionist theory proposed by Lev Semenovich Vigotsky, for a better development of virtual learning environments. The case study showed that, as often happens in instructional design projects, the development of the platform was guided by Jean Piaget’s constructivism, which will be presented from the selection and reflective display of a selection of the platform’s features. The challenge of this paper is to suggest, based on the inclusion of new features on the platform, a union of both theories in order to contribute to learning processes.KEYWORDS: language learning; social interaction; digital platforms.
Selfies, emojis, likes: representações voláteis e leituras líquidas na era digital / Selfies, emojis, likes: volatile representations and liquid readings in the digital age
Authors: Ribeiro Josiane da Cruz Lima , Amorim Ricardo José Rocha , Nunes Rodrigo dos Reis 
Published: February 2017

RESUMO:Este trabalho propõe discutir as funções que códigos de hipermídia, tais como os selfies, emojis e likes, têm desempenhado como representações e leituras de si e do outro na era digital, e como a escola tem se portado diante desse novo panorama de tratar a informação e a comunicação voláteis. As vias de comunicação anteriormente experimentadas por percursos unilineares dão espaço para a instauração de vias interconectivas disformes que circundam no ciberespaço e tornam instáveis os registros de nós e a leitura que fazemos de uma outra pessoa, constantemente reatualizados por novos registros e, consequentemente, por novas leituras. A ubiquidade, mediada, sobretudo, pelos dispositivos móveis – celulares, smartphones e tablets –, proporciona essa atualização constante e metamorfoseia, ininterruptamente, a nossa representação no ciberespaço. Nesse quadro, a escola se vê desafiada a pensar em como lidar com essas novas perspectivas de leitura, visto que essa é uma realidade trazida pelo aluno para os campos da educação formal. Para tanto, utilizamos a pesquisa bibliográfica e tomamos por base alguns teóricos, tais como Santaella (2004; 2007; 2013), Hall (2006), Lévy (1994), Malini & Antoun (2013), dentre outros, que trazem para a discussão conceitos sobre identidades líquidas, representações voláteis, tecnologias da informação e comunicação e educação.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: leituras líquidas; tecnologia da informação e comunicação; ciberespaço; ubiquidade e educação. ABSTRACT:This work aims at discussing the roles that hypermedia codes, such as selfies, emoji and likes, have played as representations and readings of self and other in the digital age, and how the school has behaved on this new outlook in dealing with volatile information and communication. The roads previously experienced by unilineal paths give way to the establishment of misshapen interconnective roads surrounding cyberspace and become unstable records of us and the reading we make of another person, constantly re-enacted by new records and, consequently, for new readings. Ubiquity, mediated mainly by mobile devices – mobile phones, smartphones and tablets –, provides this constant updating and metamorphoses, uninterruptedly, our representation in cyberspace. In this framework, the school is challenged to think about how to deal with these new perspectives of reading, since this is a reality brought by the student to the field of formal education. Therefore, we use the literature and took as a basis some theorists such as Santaella (2004; 2007; 2013), Hall (2006), Lévy (1994), Malini & Antoun (2013), among others, to bring to the discussion concepts of liquid identities, volatile representations, information and communication technologies and education.KEYWORDS: liquid readings; information and communication technology; cyberspace; ubiquity and education.
“O que é uma obra?”: entre a estabilidade e o deslize em tempos de internet / “What is a work?”: between stability and sliding in the internet age
Authors: Pavan Paula Daniele 
Published: February 2017

RESUMO:Este texto, amparado pelos pressupostos da Análise do Discurso articulada por Michel Pêcheux, discute a noção de obra a partir dos efeitos de sentido produzidos no discurso oficial e no discurso de debate – materializados nas Leis de Direitos Autorais 5.988, de 14 de dezembro de 1973, e 9.610, de 19 de fevereiro de 1998, e em textos criados durante o processo de reformulação da Lei de Direitos Autorais 9.610/1998, respectivamente. Ao mobilizarmos, principalmente, as noções de memória institucional, memória discursiva e formação discursiva na análise de sequências discursivas representativas dos discursos considerados, observamos um jogo que vai da estabilização ao deslizamento de sentidos para a noção de obra. Enquanto a manutenção é garantida pelo retorno de saberes de uma memória que estabiliza e oficializa, o deslizamento é possibilitado por saberes de uma memória que se altera, se movimenta e é afetada pelos tempos de internet. A noção de obra apresenta-se, portanto, como opaca, contraditória e política. Em suma, essa é uma noção construída histórica e discursivamente.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: direitos autorais; obra; sentidos; estabilidade; deslizamento. ABSTRACT: This paper, based on the Discourse Analysis perspective articulated by Pêcheux, discusses the concept of work by analyzing the sense effects produced within the official discourse and in the debate discourse – which are materialized in the Copyright Laws 5.988, of December 14, 1973, and 9.610, of February 19, 1998, and in the texts created during the reshaping process of the Copyright Law 9.610/1998, respectively. Mobilizing, mainly, the notions of institutional memory, discursive memory and discursive formation in the analysis of discursive sequences, which are representative of the discourses considered, we observe a movement that goes from the stabilization to the sliding of the senses for the notion of work. As the stability is guaranteed by the return of a memory that maintains and officializes it, the sliding is made possible by a memory that changes, moves and is affected by the Internet age. The notion of work presents itself, therefore, as opaque, contradictory and political. In short, this notion of work is constructed historically and discursively.KEYWORDS: copyright; work; senses; stability; sliding.
Pattern of hand injuries reported in a tertiary care setting of North India
Authors: Gupta Rishabh , Mahajan Shavi , Dewan Deepika , Gupta Rajat 
Published: February 2017

Background: Hand injuries are very common in this industrialized world. Significant number of patients report every day to the emergency department with various patterns of hand injuries. It is important to understand these patterns in order to plan proper management and develop safety protocols aimed at preventing these injuries.Methods: The present cross sectional study was conducted among 150 patients presenting with Open hand injuries, in the OPD and emergency of Post Graduate Department of Orthopaedics, Government Medical College, Jammu over a period of one year from January 2010 to December 2010.Results: Out of 150 cases 131(87.33%) were males and 19 (12.67%) were females. The commonest age group affected was 21-30 years (34%) followed by 11-20 years (23%). Maximum injuries 90 (60%) occurred in the time interval from 4 pm to midnight. Majority of patients 67 (45%) sustained injury while at work. Occupation-wise 37 (25%) patients were unskilled workers, mainly laborers, 35 (23%) were farmers, while the remainder belonged to various other professions. In this series machine injuries, assault and road traffic accidents accounted for most injuries, representing 61 (41%), 25 (17%) and 16 (11%) patients respectively. Traumatic amputation (30%) was the most common injury. The index (21%) and middle (21%) fingers were involved more commonly. Tendon injuries (31%) were more frequent than compound fractures (23%). Conclusions: Hand trauma predominantly affects young males who have occupational exposure to different machines. A proper understanding of the pattern of injury will help in better management.
Etiology and risk factors among young patients presenting with stroke in a tertiary care hospital in South India
Authors: Subburaj Thiagaraj , Kumarasamy Subramaniyan , Velayudam Sundaravadivelu 
Published: February 2017

Background: Stroke is one of the leading causes of disease and death throughout the world with the incidence rising steeply with age. The occurrence of stroke in young is rare but once it occurs the outcome is severe. Limited studies have been performed in the Indian population to describe the clinical presentation and etiology of young adults with stroke. The objective of present study is to assess the etiology, risk factors and clinical presentation among patients who visit a tertiary care centre with a clinical diagnosis of stroke in individuals less than 45 years of age.Methods: Consecutive patients visiting the Dept of General Medicine & Neurology, SRM Hospital aged between 15-45 years with abrupt onset of focal or global neurological deficit attributable to vascular cause and persisting for more than 24 hours were included into the study. Patients with traumatic injury and transient ischemic attack were excluded. The clinical features, laboratory and radiological investigations were obtained from the patient’s records.Results: The mean age of the study group was 36.42±6.92 years. The most common risk factor amongst study subjects was smoking (36%). Hemiplegia was more commonly seen in males (38 vs. 14 %, p= 0.26) than in females. Seizures were more commonly seen among subjects with hemorrhagic stroke and cortical venous thrombosis (p= 0.001). Among subjects with ischemic stroke, the most common etiology was hypercoagulation. The most common arterial territory involved was Middle cerebral artery territory 84.84% with the Left MCA (53.5%) being more common than right MCA (46.4%).Conclusions: The clinical presentation and etiology among young patients with stroke appear to remain consistent with that reported earlier in the literature. The paucity of rare presentations of stroke in our study could be attributable to the limited sample size of our study.