bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urinary Concentrations of Organophosphate Flame-Retardant Metabolites in the US Population
Authors: Huang Yu-Song , Shi Hui-Zhong , Huang Xi , Pan Yi-Ming , Wang Yu-Chen , Gao Zi-Jun , Jiang Pei-Yao , Yang Wen-Yi 
Published: September 2024

ImportanceOrganophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) are an important group of pollutants associated with endocrine disorders, cancer, and nephrotoxicity. However, temporal trends in OPFR metabolite concentrations remain understudied.ObjectivesTo examine changes in urinary concentrations of OPFR metabolites among US children, youths, and adults from 2011 to 2020, and to evaluate whether sociodemographic factors were associated with variations in temporal trends.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis population-based cross-sectional study used data from 4 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles (2011-2012, 2013-2014, 2015-2016, and 2017-2020 [to March 2020 before the COVID-19 pandemic]). The study included children and youths (aged 6-19 years) and adults (aged ≥20 years) with valid urinary concentrations of the following OPFR metabolites: bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (BCEtP), bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BCPP), diphenyl phosphate (DPhP), and dibutyl phosphate (DBuP). Data analysis was performed between February and May 2024.ExposuresCalendar year and key sociodemographic subgroups (age, race and ethnicity, sex, educational attainment, and poverty-to-income ratio).Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcome was urinary concentrations of OPFR metabolites among children, youths, and adults. Survey-weighted linear regression models were applied to estimate trends.ResultsThe study population of 10 549 NHANES participants included 3154 children and youths (mean [SE] age, 12.5 [0.1] years; 51.2% were male) and 7395 adults (mean [SE] age, 47.8 [0.4] years; 52.0% were women). Among children and youths, mean (95% CI) BCEtP concentrations decreased from 0.68 (0.60-0.77) μg/L in 2011-2012 to 0.41 (0.37-0.45) μg/L in 2017-2020 (P for trend &amp;lt; .001). Among adults, mean (95% CI) BCEtP concentrations decreased from 0.43 (0.37-0.50) μg/L in 2011-2012 to 0.29 (0.27-0.33) μg/L in 2017-2020 (P for trend &amp;lt; .001), and mean BCPP concentrations decreased from 0.15 (0.14-0.17) μg/L to 0.13 (0.12-0.14) μg/L (P for trend = .002). Parent level of educational attainment was associated with concentrations of BCPP and BCEtP among children and youths; however, no significant differences among adults were observed.Conclusions and RelevanceThis study identified variations in temporal trends in urinary concentrations of OPFR metabolites among the US population from 2011 to 2020. In addition, substantial disparities in exposure levels persisted among children with different levels of parent educational attainment. These findings suggest that policy makers should consider socioeconomic factors to further reduce OPFR exposure and promote equity, ensuring a safe living environment for all individuals.
Predicting Suicides Among US Army Soldiers After Leaving Active Service
Authors: Kennedy Chris J. , Kearns Jaclyn C. , Geraci Joseph C. , Gildea Sarah M. , Hwang Irving H. , King Andrew J. , Liu Howard , Luedtke Alex , Marx Brian P. , Papini Santiago , Petukhova Maria V. , Sampson Nancy A. , Smoller Jordan W. , Wolock Charles J. , Zainal Nur Hani , Stein Murray B. , Ursano Robert J. , Wagner James R. , Kessler Ronald C. 
Published: September 2024

ImportanceThe suicide rate of military servicemembers increases sharply after returning to civilian life. Identifying high-risk servicemembers before they leave service could help target preventive interventions.ObjectiveTo develop a model based on administrative data for regular US Army soldiers that can predict suicides 1 to 120 months after leaving active service.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this prognostic study, a consolidated administrative database was created for all regular US Army soldiers who left service from 2010 through 2019. Machine learning models were trained to predict suicides over the next 1 to 120 months in a random 70% training sample. Validation was implemented in the remaining 30%. Data were analyzed from March 2023 through March 2024.Main outcome and measuresThe outcome was suicide in the National Death Index. Predictors came from administrative records available before leaving service on sociodemographics, Army career characteristics, psychopathologic risk factors, indicators of physical health, social networks and supports, and stressors.ResultsOf the 800 579 soldiers in the cohort (84.9% male; median [IQR] age at discharge, 26 [23-33] years), 2084 suicides had occurred as of December 31, 2019 (51.6 per 100 000 person-years). A lasso model assuming consistent slopes over time discriminated as well over all but the shortest risk horizons as more complex stacked generalization ensemble machine learning models. Test sample area under the receiver operating characteristic curve ranged from 0.87 (SE = 0.06) for suicides in the first month after leaving service to 0.72 (SE = 0.003) for suicides over 120 months. The 10% of soldiers with highest predicted risk accounted for between 30.7% (SE = 1.8) and 46.6% (SE = 6.6) of all suicides across horizons. Calibration was for the most part better for the lasso model than the super learner model (both estimated over 120-month horizons.) Net benefit of a model-informed prevention strategy was positive compared with intervene-with-all or intervene-with-none strategies over a range of plausible intervention thresholds. Sociodemographics, Army career characteristics, and psychopathologic risk factors were the most important classes of predictors.Conclusions and relevanceThese results demonstrated that a model based on administrative variables available at the time of leaving active Army service can predict suicides with meaningful accuracy over the subsequent decade. However, final determination of cost-effectiveness would require information beyond the scope of this report about intervention content, costs, and effects over relevant horizons in relation to the monetary value placed on preventing suicides.
Iridium Single‐Atom‐Ensembles Stabilized on Mn‐Substituted Spinel Oxide for Durable Acidic Water Electrolysis
Authors: Kumar Ashwani , Gil‐Sepulcre Marcos , Lee Jinsun , Bui Viet Q. , Wang Yue , Rüdiger Olaf , Kim Min Gyu , DeBeer Serena , Tüysüz Harun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractExploring single‐atom‐catalysts for the acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is of paramount importance for cost‐effective hydrogen production via acidic water electrolyzers. However, the limited durability of most single‐atom‐catalysts and Ir/Ru‐based oxides under harsh acidic OER conditions, primarily attributed to excessive lattice oxygen participation resulting in metal‐leaching and structural collapse, hinders their practical application. Herein, an innovative strategy is developed to fabricate short‐range Ir single‐atom‐ensembles (IrSAE) stabilized on the surface of Mn‐substituted spinel Co3O4 (IrSAE‐CMO), which exhibits excellent mass activity and significantly improved durability (degradation‐rate: ≈2 mV h−1), outperforming benchmark IrO2 (≈44 mV h−1) and conventional Irsingle‐atoms on pristine‐Co3O4 for acidic OER. First‐principle calculations reveal that Mn‐substitution in the octahedral sites of Co3O4 substantially reduces the migration energy barrier for Irsingle‐atoms on the CMO surface compared to pristine‐Co3O4, facilitating the migration of Irsingle‐atoms to form strongly correlated IrSAE during pyrolysis. Extensive ex situ characterization, operando X‐ray absorption and Raman spectroscopies, pH‐dependence activity tests, and theoretical calculations indicate that the rigid IrSAE with appropriate Ir–Ir distance stabilized on the CMO surface effectively suppresses lattice oxygen participation while promoting direct O─O radical coupling, thereby mitigating Ir‐dissolution and structural collapse, boosting the stability in an acidic environment.
Mimicking Antiferroelectrics with Ferroelectric Superlattices
Authors: Yin Chunhai , Li Yaqi , Zatterin Edoardo , Rusu Dorin , Stylianidis Evgenios , Hadjimichael Marios , Aramberri Hugo , Iñiguez‐González Jorge , Conroy Michele , Zubko Pavlo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAntiferroelectric oxides are promising materials for applications in high‐density energy storage, solid‐state cooling, and negative capacitance devices. However, the range of oxide antiferroelectrics available today is rather limited. In this work, it is demonstrated that antiferroelectric properties can be electrostatically engineered in artificially layered ferroelectric superlattices. Using a combination of synchrotron X‐ray nanodiffraction, scanning transmission electron microscopy, macroscopic electrical measurements, and lateral and vertical piezoresponse force microscopy in parallel‐plate capacitor geometry, a highly reversible field‐induced transition is observed from a stable in‐plane polarized state to a state with in‐plane and out‐of‐plane polarized nanodomains that mimics, at the domain level, the nonpolar to polar transition of traditional antiferroelectrics, with corresponding polarization‐voltage double hysteresis and comparable energy storage capacity. Furthermore, it is found that such superlattices exhibit large out‐of‐plane dielectric responses without involving flux‐closure domain dynamics. These results demonstrate that electrostatic and strain engineering in artificially layered materials offers a promising route for the creation of synthetic antiferroelectrics.
Toward a Radically Simple Multi‐Modal Nasal Spray for Preventing Respiratory Infections
Authors: Joseph John , Baby Helna Mary , Quintero Joselyn Rojas , Kenney Devin , Mebratu Yohannes A , Bhatia Eshant , Shah Purna , Swain Kabir , Lee Dongtak , Kaur Shahdeep , Li Xiang‐Ling , Mwangi John , Snapper Olivia , Nair Remya , Agus Eli , Ranganathan Sruthi , Kage Julian , Gao Jingjing , Luo James N , Yu Anthony , Park Dongsung , Douam Florian , Tesfaigzi Yohannes , Karp Jeffrey M , Joshi Nitin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNasal sprays for pre‐exposure prophylaxis against respiratory infections show limited protection (20–70%), largely due to their single mechanism of action—either neutralizing pathogens or blocking their entry at the nasal lining, and a failure to maximize the capture of respiratory droplets, allowing them to potentially rebound and reach deeper airways. This report introduces the Pathogen Capture and Neutralizing Spray (PCANS), which utilizes a multi‐modal approach to enhance efficacy. PCANS coats the nasal cavity, capturing large respiratory droplets from the air, and serving as a physical barrier against a broad spectrum of viruses and bacteria, while rapidly neutralizing them with over 99.99% effectiveness. The formulation consists of excipients identified from the FDA's Inactive Ingredient Database and Generally Recognized as Safe list to maximize efficacy for each step in the multi‐modal approach. PCANS demonstrates nasal retention for up to 8 hours in mice. In a severe Influenza A mouse model, a single pre‐exposure dose of PCANS leads to a >99.99% reduction in lung viral titer and ensures 100% survival, compared to 0% in the control group. PCANS suppresses pathological manifestations and offers protection for at least 4 hours. This data suggest PCANS as a promising daily‐use prophylactic against respiratory infections.
Constitutive Androstane Receptor Regulates Germ Cell Homeostasis, Sperm Quality, and Male Fertility via Akt‐Foxo1 Pathway
Authors: Monrose Mélusine , Holota Hélène , Martinez Guillaume , Damon‐Soubeyrand Christelle , Thirouard Laura , Martinot Emmanuelle , Battistelli Edwige , de Haze Angélique , Bravard Stéphanie , Tamisier Christelle , Caira Françoise , Coutton Charles , Barbotin Anne‐Laure , Boursier Angèle , Lakhal Laila , Beaudoin Claude , Volle David H. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMale sexual function can be disrupted by exposure to exogenous compounds that cause testicular physiological alterations. The constitutive androstane receptor (Car) is a receptor for both endobiotics and xenobiotics involved in detoxification. However, its role in male fertility, particularly in regard to the reprotoxic effects of environmental pollutants, remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the role of the Car signaling pathway in male fertility. In vivo, in vitro, and pharmacological approaches are utilized in wild‐type and Car‐deficient mouse models. The results indicate that Car inhibition impaired male fertility due to altered sperm quality, specifically histone retention, which is correlated with an increased percentage of dying offspring in utero. The data highlighted interactions among Car, Akt, Foxo1, and histone acetylation. This study demonstrates that Car is crucial in germ cell homeostasis and male fertility. Further research on the Car signaling pathway is necessary to reveal unidentified causes of altered fertility and understand the harmful impact of environmental molecules on male fertility and offspring health.
Magneto‐Electrochemical Ammonia Synthesis: Boosting Nitrite Reduction Activity by the Optimized Magnetic Field Induced Spin Polarized System
Authors: Adalder Ashadul , Mitra Koushik , Barman Narad , Thapa Ranjit , Bhowmick Sourav , Ghorai Uttam Kumar 
Published: September 2024

AbstractUsing low and optimized magnetic field along with electric field is a novel strategy to facilitate electrochemical nitrite reduction reaction (NO2RR). Herein, the magnetic field assisted electrocatalytic ammonia synthesis employing spin‐thrusted β‐MnPc at 95 mT magnetic field is explored. The calculated rate of ammonia generation is 16603.4 µg h−1 mgcat−1, which is almost twice that of the nonpolarized manganese phthalocyanine (MnPc) catalyst. Additionally, the Faradaic efficiency (FE) at –0.9 V versus RHE is found to be 92.9%, significantly higher compared to the nonpolarized MnPc catalyst. In presence of external magnetic field, MnPc catalysts provide a better electron transfer channel which results in a lower charge transfer resistance and hence better electrochemical performances. Density functional theory (DFT) result further verifies that magnetic field induced β‐MnPc has a lower potential barrier (0.51 eV) for the protonation of NO* than nonpolarized β‐MnPc (1.08 eV), which confirms the enhanced electrochemical nitrite reduction to ammonia.
Revealing the Internal Structure of the Great Tumulus of Apollonia by Means of Seismic Tomography
Authors: Bogiatzis Petros , Vargemezis George , Tsokas Gregory , Amanatidou Eftychia , Karamitrou Alexandra , Karaoulis Marios 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe Great Tumulus of Apollonia in northern Greece, with a diameter of ~100 m and a height of 19 m, is among the largest of its kind in the region of the ancient kingdom of Macedonia. It is located north of the ancient city of Apollonia and recently became the focus of limited archaeological excavations, which revealed a looted Macedonian tomb. Archaeological findings and other evidence from the tumulus and its surroundings suggest that it may have been used more than once; therefore, the existence of more tombs in its interior is possible. In this work, we investigate the internal structure of the monument by means of 3‐D seismic travel time tomography. Using direct sparse methods, we calculate efficiently the full model resolution matrix that allows us to investigate the robustness of the tomographic model. Our results suggest a complex structure with variable properties between the east and the western side of the tumulus. We also detect several regions that may be associated with additional burial locations or other possible targets of archaeological interest.
Ein Ausblick auf das Zusammenspiel von Faltprozess und Drapierbarkeit der Textilbewehrung
Authors: Bhat Shantanu , Heins Kira , Bertram Christian , Reinertz Olivier , Schmitz Katharina , Gries Thomas 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDie Herstellung von textilbewehrten (TRC) Betonbauteilen, insbesondere durch Preforming, beruht traditionell stark auf iterativen Prozessen und Entscheidungen. Dieser Ansatz ist zwar bei bestimmten etablierten TRC‐Anwendungen effektiv, führt aber zu einem erheblichen Planungsaufwand und birgt das Risiko des Übersehens von technisch oder wirtschaftlich vorteilhafteren Alternativen. In diesem Beitrag wird vorgeschlagen, die Prinzipien der gefalteten tragenden Strukturen als Grundlage für die Produktionslinie von TRC‐Komponenten zu nutzen. Diese neuartige Methodik bedingt sowohl Material‐ als auch Prozessanforderungen und konzentriert sich auf die Verwendung von gefalteten Schalungen und deren Auswirkungen auf die Drapierbarkeit von Bewehrungstextilien. Ausgehend von ersten Erkenntnissen aus dem Bereich der Faltschalung und der Analyse der Drapierbarkeit von textilen Gitterbewehrungen werden die Zusammenhänge und Abhängigkeiten zwischen dem Material „Textil“, dem Prozess „Faltschalung“ und dem Produkt „gefaltete tragende TRC‐Strukturen“ aufgezeigt sowie die Herausforderungen dieser Teilgebiete offengelegt. Auf diese Weise soll die Studie die Produktionsplanung rationalisieren, die Abhängigkeit von traditionellen Methoden verringern und Wege für die Einbeziehung innovativer Materialien und Prozesse in die TRC‐Produktion eröffnen. Der Ansatz birgt ein erhebliches Potenzial für die wirtschaftliche Rentabilität von gefalteten tragenden TRC‐Strukturen.
Visible‐light enhanced tetracycline degradation via SnO2/TiO2‐Ni@rGO ternary heterostructures
Authors: Sheela Johnrose Arul Hency , Kunapalli Chaitanya Kumar , Saravanan P. , Radhakrishnan Kothalam , Dinesh Ayyar , Wadaan Mohammad Ahmad , Praburaman L. , Nivetha M. Sherlin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study explores the synthesis, characterization, and photocatalytic performance of a SnO2/TiO2‐Ni@rGO nanocomposite for tetracycline (TC) degradation under visible light irradiation. The nanocomposite was precisely designed to enhance structural stability, charge transfer efficiency, and catalytic activity. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the structural integrity of the SnO2/TiO2‐Ni@rGO composite, demonstrating excellent reusability and resistance to photo‐corrosion after multiple cycles. Photocatalytic experiments revealed that the SnO2/TiO2‐Ni@rGO nanocomposite significantly outperformed individual SnO2/TiO2‐Ni and rGO catalysts, achieving a remarkable 94.6% degradation of TC within 60 min. The degradation process followed pseudo‐first‐order kinetics, with a rate constant (k) of 0.046 min−1. The Z‐scheme charge transfer mechanism facilitated efficient separation and migration of photogenerated charge carriers, generating reactive oxygen species such as superoxide (•O2−) and hydroxyl (•OH) radicals crucial for the oxidation of TC. Radical scavenger studies confirmed that superoxide and hydroxyl radicals were the primary active species. The SnO2/TiO2‐Ni@rGO composite also exhibited excellent reusability, maintaining high catalytic performance over four consecutive cycles. These findings suggest that the SnO2/TiO2‐Ni@rGO nanocomposite is a promising candidate for the efficient and sustainable photocatalytic degradation of persistent organic pollutants like TC, offering significant potential for environmental remediation applications.
Self‐reported immune status and COVID‐19 associated subjective cognitive functioning in post‐COVID‐19 syndrome: Examination of an Irish cohort
Authors: Holland Jessica , Brown Sinead , O'Flanagan Susan , Savinelli Stefano , McCann Kathleen , Gaynor Keith , Mallon Patrick , Feeney Eoin , Kenny Grace , Boyd Christine , O'Keeffe Fiadhnait , Bramham Jessica 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionCognitive changes are very frequently reported by people with post‐COVID‐19 syndrome (PCS), but there is limited understanding of the underpinning mechanisms leading to these difficulties. It is possible that cognitive difficulties are related to immune status and/or low mood. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between immune status and cognitive functioning in PCS, while considering whether depression symptoms also influence this association.MethodsParticipants were recruited in an online study of cognitive and psychological consequences of PCS, involving individuals attending a post‐COVID clinic in an acute general hospital in Ireland, and a comparison sample of age‐ and sex‐matched community controls who had also been infected with COVID‐19 but had not experienced PCS. Participants with PCS (n = 71) and community controls (n = 50) completed the immune status questionnaire, Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy‐Fatigue Scale (FACIT‐F).ResultsSignificant differences were observed between groups in terms of perceived immune status, perceived cognitive function, depression scores, and fatigue, with the “PCS” group reporting lower immune status, more cognitive difficulties, and higher levels of depression and fatigue. Regression analysis in the PCS group indicated that immune status and depression significantly contributed to variance in subjective cognitive functioning, with immune status remaining a significant predictor of cognitive functioning scores even when accounting for depression, fatigue, and other covariates related to PCS, such as Body Mass Index (BMI).ConclusionOur findings suggest that subjective cognitive functioning is influenced by self‐reported immune status in PCS, emphasising the importance of immune status, cognitive, and mood screening as part of routine clinical care in PCS.
The relationship between menstrual cycle pattern and post‐traumatic stress in women following the 2023 earthquake in Turkey
Authors: Kiyak Sibel , Batı Serap 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimIn the aftermath of natural disasters, understanding the intricate links between mental health and physiological responses, such as menstrual cycle patterns, becomes crucial. This study explores the relationship between post‐traumatic stress and menstrual irregularities among women of reproductive age residing in regions affected by the 2023 earthquake in Turkey.Methods309 women of reproductive age living in 11 provinces affected by the earthquake centered in Kahramanmaraş on February 6, 2023 and declared as disaster areas constituted the study sample. Data were collected online using Google forms nine months after the earthquake. The collected data were obtained using the Participant Information Form, Impact of Events Scale and Post‐traumatic Stress Disorder‐Short Form. In the data analysis, descriptive statistics such as count, percentage, median, minimum, and maximum were used, along with statistical tests including the Mann–Whitney U test, chi‐squared test, multiple logistic regression analysis, and ROC analysis.ResultsIn the study, an increase in menstrual irregularities among women was observed following the earthquake (%14.3 to %44.8, p < .001). Risk factors for menstrual irregularities included post‐traumatic stress symptoms, comorbid chronic diseases, and smoking. The prevalence of PTSD was found to be 22.7% and this was associated with women with menstrual irregularities. Setting the cut‐off score of the IES‐R scale at 45.50 resulted in higher sensitivity for detecting irregular menstrual cycles.ConclusionsWomen's menstrual cycles are affected after an earthquake. Therefore, post‐earthquake mental health recovery programs should specifically address the protection of women's physical and mental health. This comprehensive approach can reduce the effects of earthquake‐induced stress and trauma.