bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Foam Cement Implementation - Deepwater Angola Case Histories
Authors: Joao Antonio T. , Andrade Gerson , Alegria Adriana 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Cementing the 20" surface casing in offshore Angola is associated with low fracture gradients and shallow water flows. These particular challenges require the use of lightweight slurry with both bead materials, and tight fluid loss control which was the initial approach for the section mentioned above. Due to high slurry volumes, rig site bulk logistics deployment, and budget, Foam cement was proposed. The Paper describes the design methodology and implementation of an automated foam cement system with real time monitoring. Based on the challenges presented above, Foam cement slurry has been the choice for some operators in Angola. Using a constant N2 injection rate with a foaming agent and a stabilizer that are injected into the slurry prior to it reaching the foaming "T" with variable choke bean size where N2 is injected into the slurry prior to pump downhole. Specific developed software’s, and Local training classes with in class and field training have proven to be very efficient allowing to have flawless execution pre and post job comparison and data evaluation.
The foamset cement system has shown to be very reliable and efficient on covering shallow surface areas likely to preserve fresh water aquifers. A standard slurry design was developed; thickening time adjusted depending on well conditions. The slurry was stable both at surface and downhole conditions with foam quality varying from 20% to 35%, providing required compressive strength. Since the implementation in Angola, 26 jobs have been performed successfully. This slurry can undergo a wide range of downhole pressures and temperatures variations without deforming the cement in place and or compromising well integrity.
This paper will share experience and success acquired in offshore Angola with best practices used in laboratory testing, both operations and engineering planning, execution, and post job data results.
Integrated Water Injection Treatment System Optimization and Impact on Field Injectivity on a Giant Offshore Carbonate Field. Case Study
Authors: Sarsekov Arlen , McNeilly Kevin , Al Neaimi Ahmed , Saif Omar Yousef , Salimov Rail 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Water Injection is a part of secondary recovery to sustain Reservoir pressure and improve sweep efficiency and consequently improve recovery factor of the field with minimum cost. Source of the water is varying between offshore and onshore fields.
Normally for all offshore fields, water injection source is sea water. However, it is vital to have proper water injection treatment system to avoid the risk of issues at surface and subsurface levels.
This case study will show how water injection treatment system is important and their impact on the decrease of water injection efficiency due to plugging and corrosion. In addition, it will show the proper mitigation plan for improvement of water quality for short/mid and long term planning of the field development.
Injected sea water should be treated mainly from the following parameters: –Sand solids from the sea using the sand filters–Oxygen removal from corrosion–Bacteria’s–Chemical inhibitors.
Each of these parameters was checked and improved on the field and successful results were observed in terms of pipeline conditions and injection sustainability.
Due to the poor water quality, every year 15-20 water injectors were plugged or decreased dramatically due to water quality. Improving the quality of the water and setting the proper guidelines for the treatment standards showed a positive impact on injection sustainability and consequently improved production offtake from the field.
The holistic approach of the water injection treatment system and mitigation plan become possible uses the right standards of the treatment and correct surface facility. This will help to sustain water injection rate and decrease the number of acid jobs performed due to a decrease of the performance. Solving the cause of the problem is crucial instead of acting on the consequences.
Multi-Zone Completion Design Optimization in Offshore Prolific Carbonate Reservoirs: A Systematic Approach
Authors: Hernandez Eglier Yanez , Okotie Victoria , Malouf Christophe Bassem , Al Sereidi Amnah , Zidan Maher , Abdel-Karim Islam , Abdul-Halim Abdulla Adam 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Completion design is a key factor in maximizing well inflow performance and deliverability throughout the life of a well. During the early stages of development of a green oil field located offshore Abu Dhabi, improved subsurface understanding from data gathering led to the modification of the initial completion design. This paper presents a systematic approach utilizing an integrated workflow to successfully optimize multi-zone horizontal well completions to lower development costs, reduce risks and increased field recovery. The final well architecture was implemented in the Early Production Scheme (EPS) and Full Field Development (FFD) phases of the development. The main achievements of the integrated completions design are: ○Increased well productivity and deliverability.○Optimized completion strategy for low efficient gas lift wells.○Reduced risks in well construction and completion phases.○Improved completion flexibility for life-of-well intervention operations.○Optimized slot allocation to increase recovery with more wells.○Utilized full benefits of conductor sharing technology.○Added flexibility to successfully appraise an undeveloped carbonate reservoir and to incorporate it into the development plan.○Adopted new methodology for lower completion design in multilayer reservoirs.○Considered simultaneous dual system injection and production (SIP) wells.
The comprehensive approach presented is valuable in establishing a total life-cycle workflow during the early stage of field development, which can be embedded in any completion design strategy. The completion solutions highlight significant benefits from overcoming well-known challenges in offshore environment such as space limitations, slot availability, and cost optimization. The end product is a life-cycle design identified for each specific reservoir with reduced operational constraints and well intervention complexity.
Granulated Sulphur; Design & Operation Optimizations
Authors: Al Suwaidi Eman Thani 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
ADNOC has one of the largest Sulphur Granulation and Handling systems in the region designed for 22000 MTPD with a common main receiving/export facilities at Ruwais and two granulations facilities at Habshan and Shah fields that were commissioned in 2014.
The sulphur is produced as a side product from the Gas Processing in particular from the Gas Sweetening Process that removes H2S then is converted to Liquid sulphur in the Sulphur Recovery Units (SRU) and finally that liquid sulphur is processed to produce Granulated Sulphur. In general, the higher the gas sourness (High H2S content) the higher the sulphur production.
Production of large amount of granulated sulphur with the existing design had its impact on generating Sulphur Dust that raises HSE and integrity concenrs. Nevertheless the large scale sulphur granulation production and the sulphur dust issues did not stop ADNOC to produce a premium level granulated sulphur quality, that mainly follows SUDIC-Sulphur Development Institute of Canada-Specifications, where this product is being exported to different international markets since the commissioning of the plants couple years ago.
The credit of ADNOC success goes to overcoming different challenges faced throughout the plants life cycle starting from the project (Study and execution levels), to commissioning and starting the normal operation and maintenance level up to date.
This paper will introduce number of challenges in vels, design level and the operating level that stimulate sulphur dust generation in all the sites, .for which the current available challenges with the way of mitigation will be addressed along with addressing the different options that can be considered in future project.
Such possible options available for enhancements in the current Sulphur Granulation and Handling Plants are listed below:–Drop height Reduction–Train Load-out Methodology–Dust Control System – Dust Suppression – by spraying surfactant Versus Dust Prevention System – by using foaming.
Moreover, there are number of future different options that can be considered in the earlier stages of the project such as the study and the design stages, like: gramatic structure!!!–The transportation methodology such us using the road tracks to transfer the liquid sulphur or transferring the granulated sulphur from the granulations plants to export location via train. why?–For Granulated Sulphur the Storage mechanism of Stacking and Reclaiming selection between Booming or Pushing Stacking is significant in supporting maintaining the quality of the granulated Sulphur.
The above challenges were handled to reduce its impact on producing the Sulphur Dust that is caused by the breakage of the granulated Sulphur. And the future options proposed above are things to be studied well before concluding and finalizing the selected options or/and methodology and the sections below will highlight the above challenges and future options in much details.
Accurate Drawdown Mobility Estimation Using Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Yuan Peng , Wu Jianghui , Zhang Hao , Huang Xu , Mezzatesta Alberto , Zhou Quming , Elyyan Mohammad 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Recent technological advances in formation testers enable them to deliver reliable and accurate pressure data by combining downhole automation with real-time control. Conventional methods to estimate drawdown mobility do not provide accurate results in very-low permeability (0.01 to 1.0 mD) formations. In recent years, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has emerged as a powerful tool to study fluid flow through porous media and provide an alternate way for estimating drawdown mobility and formation permeability.
This paper proposes a new method for estimating drawdown mobility using CFD simulation. This new method uses a diffusion equation to track the fluid flow. The drawdown rate is introduced using the boundary flux term.
After reviewing synthetic cases where the analytical solutions existed, CFD simulations were found to produce more accurate results than those from other approaches. The CFD model is then applied to various formations with a wide range of permeability and anisotropy. The results show that the proposed CFD model can simulate all the testing cases with a broad range of permeability values from very low (&lt; 1.0 mD) to very high (&gt; 2500 mD). In addition, the impact of various drawdown schemes and formation properties were studied using the CFD simulations.
The new CFD method has been tested and validated with synthetic and field data sets. Results clearly show that this method can handle formations with a wide range of permeability and permeability anisotropy. Results also show that the proposed method greatly improves the accuracy in drawdown mobility estimation, especially in low-permeability formations.
Partial Discharge Measurement in Transformer & Switchgear to Ensure its Integrity
Authors: Middya Mustakim 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Electrical power network system is considered as a valuable asset. So it is important to manage such an asset with criticality criteria by adopting different predictive maintenance techniques to increase reliability (availability) and reduce direct & indirect costs. Such techniques constitute the basis for an effective asset management system, as they can ultimately decrease the electrical failure rate. HV transformers & switchgears are considered to be expensive and delicate components of the electrical energy network. Increasing load on transformers & switchgears causes the more stress on it. Continuous stress weakens the insulation and producing arcing called partial discharge (PD). Partial discharges seriously affect the reliability of transformers & switchgears. Electrical energy networks may experience transformers & switchgears failures because of insulation degradation. Failure of high voltage insulation is the No-1 cause of high voltage system breakdown. IEEE statistics indicates that electrical insulation deterioration causes upto 90% of electrical failures of high voltage equipment. The major and most effective tool to detect insulation deterioration, as is well known, the measurement and analysis of partial discharges. However, this technique is not as well accepted as one might expect based on its great benefit. Reasons behind it are (1) PD testing is a fairly new technology compared to usual Hi-pot test. PD testing has matured over the years and today it has already been proven to be much more powerful indicator for insulation defects compared to offline test like Hi-pot & Megger etc. (2) PD testing may be more powerful indicator for detecting insulation defect but it is also the most sophisticated test to be carried out. The interpretations of the result are extremely challenging and require vast experience to do further analysis. Once results are correctly interpreted, PD testing will give the best detailed diagnosis of the insulation condition of equipment compared to other conventional test. (3) PD testing is sophisticated and the cost of instrument is comparatively higher. Based on many advantages, this PdM technique is gaining popularity with time.
This paper describes PD theory, PD detection and analysis approach to the diagnosis of HV Transformers & Switchgears insulation system along with few case studies. The results of PD measurements performed on-line on HV transformers & switchgears insulation system, just after commissioning or after sometime in operation helps in identifying PD-generating defect. Decision is made by comparing reading with baseline and periodically recorded data.
Wellbore Stability Management to Avoid Serious Drilling Hazards in High Deviated Well-Application of Real Time Geomechanics
Authors: Al Hajeri Mishari , Al Safar Waleed , Gupta Pravind K. , Raturi Sushil K. , Al Zankawi Omran , Bojarah Khaled Hussain , Al Ghareeb Aisha Yousef , Al Aryan Ali Mansour , Naik Vinay , Shastri Mukesh , Belhouchet Mohamed , Abdessalem Abba 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
A geomechanical evaluation and monitoring programs was conducted in order to reduce non-productive time and drilling complications while drilling in a tectonically stressed area of Kuwait. Offset wells had experienced problems related to the tectonic stresses and associated faults, fractures, complex structures, and anomalous pore pressure. Additional challenges were faced due to complicated and highly deviated well designs where planes of weakness in the formation being drilled and their relative angle with respect to the well path become crucial factors in assessing stability of the borehole. Multiple failure mechanisms such as stress induced wellbore instability, invasion of drilling fluids into weak bedding / micro-fractures and osmotic sensitivity, are found to be the root cause of wellbore instability across reactive shale and other problematic formations especially during drilling of highly deviated wells.
To successfully achieve the above objective, it was prudent to be armed with proper assessment and understanding of wellbore stability along with optimizing the most appropriate drilling strategy. Five offset wells were assessed from Geo mechanical point of view in the area in order to simulate the back analysis of the borehole collapse in the unstable zones. The previous wells experience showed a high risk to drill the shales and depleted reservoir formation in one section, causing a high ECD in depleted reservoir which dramatically led to severe losses.
The planned well was monitored in real time through the control of the ECD and drilling parameters. Since shales in that section are unstable and tend to be plastically deformed, high mud weights were typically used. Based on the geomechanical inputs of the wellbore stability while drilling, new casing strategy was formulated taking into-account the wellbore stability input, drilling parameters and the mud rheology. The shale section was isolated with separate casing and well was successfully drilled to TD without any drilling complications and minimum Non Productive time.
Geomechanical modeling and real-time monitoring allowed the well operator to overcome serious drilling hazards and optimize the drilling practices. This application promises to open the prospect of drilling similar wells without complications and reduced NPT in Kuwait.
Create a Rock-to-Rock Well Abandonment Barrier without Swarf at Surface!
Authors: Joppe Lambertus C. , Ponder Andrew , Hart Daniel , Bruun Bjørn T. , Grindhaug Gaute 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Section milling is a common method for casing removal during well abandonment applications where annular well integrity is compromised or questioned. The removal of casing by milling a window provides full access to the virgin formation, enabling placement of a rock-to-rock barrier.
Retrieving the metal cuttings (swarf) created by the milling process to surface and handling them on surface is a time-consuming and costly operation associated with health safety and environmental (HSE) risks. A joint operator/service company technology development project of a section milling without swarf to surface system now provides a novel solution.
This paper discusses the design, lab-testing and wellsite testing iterations that led to a fully functioning system for establishing a true rock-to-rock barrier without the nuisance of swarf at surface.
The new method entails milling in an upwards direction away from the swarf deposition. Currently, all section milling operations mill downwards. The system consists of the following components: taper mill, auger, section mill, emergency release disconnect, jet sub, left-hand rotating mud motor and torque isolation assembly.
The concept of milling upwards, mandated left-hand rotation to prevent casing couplings from backing off, paired with the desire to deploy on right-hand drill pipe resulted in designing and manufacturing of a custom-built left-hand mud motor. Developing a capable torque isolation assembly was not without hurdles; excessive vibration during early tests led to significant improvements to the torque isolation system, which now provides a robust solution. Creating the swarf proved to be the easy part. Downhole swarf management was more challenging, and an auger system was developed to mitigate the earlier issues encountered.
Multiple tests, evaluation and step-by step system improvements ultimately culminated in a fully functioning system, now ready for its first field deployment. A more efficient and cost-effective removal of casing by downhole deposition of the swarf created from the casing section milling operation, will reduce operational time related to plug and abandonment (P&A) operations. Multiple enabling technologies provided the stepping stones for this system and will be highlighted individually.
Campaigns of Opportunity – Rigless Subsea Phase III Well Abandonment Operations in the UK Continental Shelf
Authors: Canny Steven A 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Subsea operations—from the need for multidisciplinary teams to delivering equipment and services in a harsh offshore environment—are inherently expensive. These costs are typically recovered through the reservoir production over a number of years. When production ceases, the cost of abandonment is absorbed as a liability, which leads to a stringent focus on cost efficiency. It is, however, an area where the opportunity to achieve significant cost savings through new technologies and an alternative approach to service vessel and campaign structure.
This paper describes a facilitating technology—the subsea wellhead connector, or SWC—that enables operators to undertake monohull and even rig-based subsea abandonment campaigns. Deviating from a semi-submersible rig to a monohull-based campaign has reduced vessel day rates and personnel costs by a substantial margin. To maximize the saving potential for rigless abandonment technologies and equipment, however, require collaboration between the operator and service provider.
The SWC latches and recovers all common 18.75-in. bore wellhead suspension systems. The system offers mechanical, abrasive, or explosive severance tools for plug-and-abandonment (P&A) campaigns and a small re-entry mandrel seal assembly for intervention. Deployment can range from vertically or horizontally rigged orienttions, and operations are limited by the remotely operated vehicle (ROV) limitations.
This paper presents four Phase III campaigns in the North Sea continental shelf as case studies. Each has unique challenges. Monohull vessels were used in the first 3 wells and the final campaign was run from a mobile offshore drilling unit (MODU)—this final approach brough rigless technology to a rig to further enhance operational capability.
Improving Observed Azimuthal Anisotropy for Fracture Analysis in a Carbonate Reservoir of Abu Dhabi
Authors: Vargas Jose Edgardo , Utami Y. P. , Sturko D. , Smith C. , Reddy P. , Glushchenko A. , Vasilyev P. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Most fracture characterization techniques using seismic data are based on seismic anisotropy analysis. Providing a more reliable dataset for such analysis should be considered during the entire seismic processing sequence. This case study demonstrates that the new techniques in seismic regularization of high dense, single-source, single-receiver (S4) seismic data along discrete azimuth directions with regular source-detector distance intervals (radial domain interpolation) can provide enhanced imaging through azimuthal velocity analysis, and deliver datasets for seismic inversion with improved noise attenuation. A comprehensive workflow is presented to improve the final image quality, and to preserve the azimuthal amplitude variation with offset and azimuth (AVOAz) for its analysis, which in turn can lead to the derivation of intrinsic rock property attributes for better reservoir management decisions & drilling plans. To compensate for the overburden effect and improves resolution at the zone of interest, a multi azimuth prestack depth migration approach resolved most of the effects of heterogeneities in the velocity field, which can be misinterpreted as azimuthal anisotropy.
The processing sequence for this dense seismic (acquired with 5×5 meter bin size, 1600 traces per bin), broadband survey in Abu Dhabi supports the understanding that azimuth-rich single-source, single-receiver acquisition geometries can provide advantages over conventional techniques (such as the use of receiver arrays or narrow-azimuth surveys) for the imaging, fracture characterization, and reservoir management of very subtle low-relief structures, in particular shedding light on the complex geological environments of carbonate reservoirs in the Middle East.