bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Species‐specific stoichiometric effects of leaf litter on algal growth, production, and cell quotas
Authors: Ho Pei‐Chi , Nakajima Suzuna , Urabe Jotaro 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDissolved organic matter and nutrients released from leaf litter are important cross‐ecosystem resources supporting freshwater food webs. Dissolved organic matter supports heterotrophic organisms in freshwater communities. However, the role of nutrients released from leaf litter in the autochthonous production in aquatic ecosystems is not well understood. Therefore, we investigated how dissolved nutrients released from leaf litter affect algal growth, biomass production, and cellular elemental ratios. Specifically, we experimentally examined the response of green algae to nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) released from leaf litter of 11 temperate tree species and the degree of deficiency of nutrient elements other than N and P relative to algal demand in these litter leachates by supplementing these elements. We found that algal growth did not significantly increase with dissolved N or P in the leaf leachates. In contrast, algal biomass production increased with dissolved N concentration, regardless of amendment. Algal growth and production limitation by deficiency of elements other than N and P was found only in the leachate of Japanese hemlock, indicating that the concentrations or release efficiencies of these elements in this leaf litter were lower than those of N and P relative to algal requirements. More importantly, leaf litter leachates from different tree species altered algal cell quotas and C:N:P ratios, which would affect secondary production. These results suggest that variations in leaf litter leachate stoichiometry caused by vegetation change would affect the abundance and chemical composition of phytoplankton, and thus the trophic transfer efficiency between phytoplankton and herbivorous zooplankton.
Successful treatment of a non‐small‐cell lung cancer patient harboring HIP1‐ALK (H28:A20) and CTNNB1 p.S45del with alectinib
Authors: Longo Vito , Pesola Francesco , Lacalamita Rosanna , Catino Annamaria , Montrone Michele , Marech Ilaria , Pizzutilo Pamela , Montagna Elisabetta Sara , Tommasi Stefania , Galetta Domenico 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis is the first case report of a non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patient harboring HIP1‐ALK (H28:A20) and CTNNB1 p.S45del treated with first‐line alectinib. Approximately 5% of NSCLC patients are reported to have anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangements, and among these EML4‐ALK is the most frequent fusion variant. However, in recent years the use of next‐generation sequencing (NGS) in clinical laboratories has become increasingly widespread, identifying a lot of new ALK fusion partners as well as a large quantity of co‐occurring genomic alterations. Unfortunately, the growing number of genomic alterations detected by NGS does not always correspond to adequate knowledge of their clinical significance, often resulting in an empiric treatment of patients harboring uncommon mutations.
Investing in Canadian Senior Housing Companies: Chartwell, Sienna, and Extendicare*
Authors: Mansurov Alisher , Pilon Marc 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis case study is designed to enhance students' analytical thinking skills by presenting broad financial and nonfinancial information on three publicly traded Canadian senior housing companies. The focus is on students' ability to use the provided financial data and ratios for assessing financial performance and performing a valuation analysis in the context of the senior housing sector. The case also discusses the financial impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the three companies, in addition to opportunities and risks for the sector going forward. The novelty of this case study also comes from the use of valuation methods that are not traditionally used in accounting‐based case studies. External accounting data are used to teach students about valuation methods that are more prominently used in the finance discipline.
Earnings quality on the street
Authors: Khan Urooj , Peddireddy Venkat , Rajgopal Shiva 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe develop a composite firm‐year earnings quality score (EQSCORE) that uses signals based on fundamental analysis. We obtain a proprietary data set of 613 reports about aggressive reporting practices over 2004–2009 for 230 unique firms from a research firm (RF). From these reports, we identify red flags of poor earnings quality relating to (1) sales quality, (2) margin quality, (3) cash flow quality, (4) corporate governance, (5) audit, and (6) others. We construct the EQSCORE using 51 signals employed by the RF and a novel approach that imitates the RF's process for discovering earnings quality. The EQSCORE outperforms existing composite models of earnings quality in identifying accounting and auditing enforcement releases and restated firm‐years and predicts future stock returns. The corporate governance–related and audit‐related red flags included in the EQSCORE complement accounting‐based red flags and enhance the ability of the EQSCORE to identify firms with poor earnings quality.
LadderFuelsR: A new automated tool for vertical fuel continuity analysis and crown base height detection using light detection and ranging
Authors: Viedma O. , Silva C. A. , Moreno J. M. , Hudak A. T. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Widespread fuel accumulation in various strata is increasing the risk of high‐severity, crown‐fires. Knowing the vertical forest structure is a crucial factor for fire management planning.

Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensors have successfully retrieved the main characteristics of the vertical structure of forests. However, detecting and vertically mapping the various fuel strata that can act as ladder fuels (i.e. fuel arrangements that will bring the fire from the surface to the canopy) is challenging and limits our ability to manage the most hazardous forests.

Here we show how using LiDAR data and the LadderFuelsR package, developed in the R platform, can provide an automated tool for analysing the vertical fuel structure of a forest and to calculate crown base height (CBH) at tree‐level, among other parameters. We include a suite of tools integrated into a sequential workflow for: (1) calculating the leaf area density (LAD) profiles of each segmented tree; (2) identifying gaps and the non‐continuous fuel layers present; (3) estimating the vertical distance between fuel layers; and (4) retrieving their base height and depth. Additionally, other functions recalculate previous metrics after considering vertical distances greater than certain threshold and calculates the LAD percentage comprised in each fuel layer removing fuel layers below a specified value. Moreover, it calculates tree's CBH based on three criteria: maximum LAD, and both the largest and the last vertical distance between fuel layers. Additionally, when the LAD profiles showed only one fuel layer with CBH at the minimum base height, it identifies the tree's CBH by performing a segmented linear regression. Finally, a collection of plotting functions is developed to represent all previous metrics.

This tool has been tested with different LiDAR sensors and thousands of trees in several Pinus pinaster forest areas in Central Spain, and its accuracy has been evaluated using field‐based tree CBH in Pinus palustris Mills dominated forests in Florida (USA). This tool provides accurate information about the vertical structure of a forest, which can be used for prioritizing treatment areas to reduce fire hazard or identify high crown‐fire risk areas.
Which route to elite turnover leads to women's political empowerment in developing countries?
Authors: Mondjeli Mwa Ndjokou Itchoko Motande , Fokou Pepoung Dzeukoh Murielle 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIt's commonly accepted that policymakers should promote women's inclusion for a more inclusive society. Drawing from the literature on democratic and non‐democratic routes of elite turnover, this study analyses the effects of elite turnover on women's political empowerment (WPE) by comparing two main routes: political alternation and internal conflict. We measure WPE by using women's political empowerment index (WPEI) from the varieties of democracy database. Based on a large sample of 128 developing countries over the period 1980–2021, the ordinary least square fixed effect and Driscoll‐Kraay fixed effects estimations show that elite turnover has a positive and statistically significant impact on WPE. Similar evidence is found when decomposing the WPEI in its sub‐indices notably women's political participation, civil society participation, and women's civil liberties sub‐indices. This result is also supported by the view that elite turnover increases education, as well as the institutional environment which therefore enables WPE. These results are robust to alternative estimation techniques including the system generalized method of moments and two‐stage least squares (GMM and IV 2SLS). Furthermore, the results remain unchanged when considering the majority of the geographical locations of our sample (it is insignificant for the MENA region) and the role of decentraliszation.
Premortalism and the Problem of Involuntary Suffering
Authors: Hronich Andrew 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn a recent article, James Spiegel has suggested ways in which premortalism may bolster the free will defence in response to the logical problem of evil. Building on his presentation, this present article further reinforces the premortalist free will defence whilst also critiquing similarly related defences (such as the necessity of nomic regularity for significant freedom). Contrary to expectation, the premortalist defence is compatible with diverse accounts of divine knowledge (i.e., middle knowledge, dynamic omniscience, etc.) and does not present overly problematic questions of identity if substance dualism is presupposed. More importantly, the premortalist free will defence raises critical questions of consent and agential contractualism that are often overlooked in the literature. Over against a consequentialist framework, the premortalist defence acknowledges the importance of treating the agent as an end in and of herself. Questions of eschatology naturally arise, and contra James Spiegel, this article will propose that universalism, the belief that eventually all will be saved, is nigh undeniable on a premortalist account, given perfect being theism.
The short‐term postoperative pain and impact upon quality of life of pulpotomy and root canal treatment, in teeth with symptoms of irreversible pulpitis: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Patel Neha , Khan Iftekhar , Jarad Fadi , Zavattini Angelo , Koller Garrit , Pimentel Tiago , Mahmood Kazim , Mannocci Francesco 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundFew studies focus upon patient‐reported outcomes in endodontics.AimTo determine whether full pulpotomy offers a less painful, improved health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) compared with root canal treatment (RCT) in cases of irreversible pulpitis (IP) in the 7 days after the treatment.MethodologyOne hundred sixty‐eight participants presenting with symptoms of IP were randomized to either pulpotomy (n = 86) or RCT (n = 82). Two participants were excluded, 61 participants underwent full pulpotomy with Biodentine (35.7%), 80 had RCT (46.8%), and 25 were randomized to have pulpotomy which progressed to RCT (PRCT) due to uncontrollable bleeding (14.6%). Clinical and radiographic assessments, using CBCT and periapical radiographs, were carried out preoperatively, for the evaluation of the results only CBCT images were used. Pain (VAS) and HRQoL (EQ 5D) assessments were carried out at baseline and Days 1, 3, 5 and 7 post‐baseline. Analysis included descriptive and continuous variables, chi‐squared, Fisher's exact, and two‐sample t‐tests.ResultsIn pulpotomy and RCT groups, VAS pain decreased significantly over the first week (p < .001). The magnitude of reduction was similar in RCT and pulpotomy (p = .804), RCT and PRCT (p = .179), pulpotomy vs. PRCT (p = .144) and in the comparison of combined RCT /PRCT groups (ORCT) with Pulpotomy (0.729). However, the overall level of VAS pain was significantly higher in the PRCT group than in the Pulpotomy (p = .045) and RCT group (p = .049). Using CBCT, significantly more radiolucencies were found in the PRCT group than in the pulpotomy group and overall teeth presenting with CBCT radiolucencies had significantly higher pain scores (p = .015), particularly at Days 1, 3 and 5. There were significant differences in many OHRQoL domains (Questions 1, 6, 11 and 12) between RCT and PRCT groups with higher frequencies of the impact of oral health problems at Day 0 and Day 7 in the PRCT group.ConclusionIn the treatment of IP, pulpotomy is as effective as RCT in reducing post‐operative pain, and improving QoL and HRQoL, teeth displaying uncontrollable bleeding and periapical radiolucencies detected using CBCT are associated with more intense postoperative pain and lower QoL.
Development and validation of damage and failure models for the design of ceramic matrix composite components
Authors: Steinkopff Thorsten , Keppeler Roman 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this paper, test results for woven ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) based on an oxide matrix and oxide fiber are presented. Stress–strain curves under cyclic loading for different in‐plane fiber orientations as well as strength values for different fiber orientations under tension and compression and under pure shear are presented. Based on the experimental data, a nonlinear damage model is derived which allows to determine the progressive degradation of the elastic moduli and the nonelastic remanent strain in a satisfactory manner. It has been implemented into the finite element code ANSYS and shows excellent convergence behavior. To predict the failure of CMC components, the failure mode concept proposed by Cuntze is extended to include friction effects due to tension and compression on the in‐plane shear failure mode. The predicted failure onset matches the experimental data very well, whereas existing models like the max‐stress or the Tsai–Hill criteria show larger deviations.
The role of dyadic combinations of infants' behaviors and caregivers' verbal and multimodal responses in predicting vocabulary outcomes
Authors: van der Klis Anika , Junge Caroline , Adriaans Frans , Kager René 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThere is robust evidence that infants' gestures and vocalisations and caregivers' contingent responses predict later child vocabulary. Recent studies suggest that dyadic combinations of infants' behaviors and caregivers' responses are more robust predictors of children's vocabularies than these behaviors separately. Previous studies have not yet systematically compared different types of dyadic combinations. This study aimed to compare the predictive value of (a) frequencies of infants' behaviors (vocalisations, points, and shows + gives) regardless of caregivers' responses, (b) frequencies of infants' behaviors that elicited verbal responses, (c) frequencies of infants' behaviors that elicited multimodal responses, and (d) frequencies of infants' behaviors that did not elicit any responses from caregivers. We examined 114 caregiver‐infant dyads at 9–11 months and children's concurrent and longitudinal vocabulary outcomes at 2–4 years. We found that infants' points elicited a large proportion of verbal responses from caregivers which were related to children's later receptive vocabularies. We also found that only shows + gives that elicited caregivers' responses related to infants' concurrent gesture repertoires. In contrast, infants' behaviors that did not elicit responses negatively related to child vocabulary. The results highlight the importance of examining dyadic combinations of infants' behaviors and caregivers' responses during interactions when examining relations to children's vocabulary development.
Capacity sharing between competitors considering consumer switching
Authors: Xiao Wei , Li Kai 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe mismatch between supply and demand is a prevailing phenomenon due to fluctuations in market demand. A common practice employed to align capacity with demand is capacity sharing, whereby a firm possessing excess capacity collaborates with others that are incapable of meeting captured demand. This paper investigates the strategic interactions between two competing firms with asymmetric capacities in the presence of capacity sharing. Following some observed phenomena, unilateral consumer switching is allowed once stockout occurs. Two typical capacity‐sharing contracts, namely, linear transfer payment (LTP) and revenue sharing (RS), are examined. We show analytically that the presence of capacity sharing can always benefit the firm with insufficient resources. However, the impacts on the firm that is not constrained by capacity under the RS contract depend heavily on the RS rate. We also find that the RS contract outperforms the LTP contract for both firms if the negotiated RS rate is at an intermediate level. The results obtained through the comparison between the scenarios of no capacity sharing, LTP, and RS provide suggestions of much practical value for the operation of capacity sharing.
Identifying the Numerical Components Affecting Soybean (Glycine max) Yield Under Waterlogging at Reproductive Stages
Authors: Ploschuk Rocio Antonella , Miralles Daniel Julio , Kavanová Monika , Striker Gustavo Gabriel 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTWaterlogging is a critical abiotic stress increasing in importance due to more intense, erratic rainfall associated with climate change. Waterlogging leads to significant yield losses in sensitive crops, such as soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.). Identifying soybean genotypes and traits associated with better waterlogging tolerance is of high interest. We assessed the response of six soybean genotypes, selected from a field screening of over 190 genotypes, to 10 days of waterlogging at the R1 (onset of flowering) and R4 (grain filling) stages. We evaluated yield and its components, as well as shoot and root dry weights (DW) at the end of the waterlogging treatments and at maturity, along with morphological traits such as plant branch number, stem diameter and plant height. By integrating all these traits, a waterlogging tolerance index (WTI) was calculated for each genotype to rank their sensitivity. The WTI showed variations among genotypes from 0.61 to 0.77, indicating genotypic variation in response to waterlogging. Greater reductions in root DW compared to shoot DW were observed immediately after waterlogging. By maturity, shoot DW of waterlogged plants was more severely reduced than root DW in all genotypes. Despite similar DW losses at R1 and R4 at physiological maturity, seed number per plant and 100‐seed weight responses differed between the treatments. Genotypes that performed well under control conditions suffered significant yield reductions of 70%–85% after waterlogging, mainly due to fewer fertile nodes and seeds per pod, with some also experiencing a notable decrease in 100‐seed weight. In contrast, other genotypes had milder responses, with less severe reductions in seed and pod traits. Identifying breeding soybean genotypes tolerant to waterlogging during reproductive stages that maintain the number of fertile nodes and pods per node without changes in seeds per pod could significantly mitigate yield losses from waterlogging.
Barriers to accessing home and community‐based services among family caregivers of Veterans
Authors: Trivedi Ranak , Ngo Victoria , Lee Trevor , Humber Marika Blair , Risbud Rashmi , Jacobs Josephine C. , Lorenz Karl , Asch Steven M. , Gallagher‐Thompson Dolores , Leykum Luci K. ,   the Elizabeth Dole Center of Excellence for Veteran and Caregiver Research
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) has long recognized the importance of having a rich complement of home and community‐based resources for the Veteran population. For Veterans experiencing disability‐related impairments, home‐ and community‐based services (HCBS) facilitate aging in place and alleviate family caregivers' burden. However, even in the enriched VA context, HCBS are underutilized. Our objective was to understand unmet needs and barriers to accessing HCBS from the perspectives of Veterans' family caregivers.MethodsThis multi‐method study recruited family caregivers of Veterans seen within a major VA Health Care System. Eligible caregivers provided care for at least 8 h/week in the prior 6 months, to a Veteran with 1+ impairments in instrumental activities of daily living. Recruitment was conducted via flyers, physician referrals, registries, and chart reviews. Participants completed 1‐h semi‐structured interviews to assess unmet psychosocial needs and barriers to accessing VA and non‐VA HCBS. Interviews were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach.ResultsA total of 23 caregivers (62.9 + 13.5 years; 74% women; 52.2% White; 26.1% Black; 95.2% pre‐9/11) provided 8.4 ± 6.3 h of daily care. Most had provided care for more than 1 year; nine had cared for their Veteran for 5+ years. The following themes were identified: (1) need for clear, accurate, timely information about HCBS; (2) lack of time, amplified by COVID‐19 restrictions; (3) need for respite to manage their own health and other caregiving responsibilities; and (4) perceived difference in care needs that can strain caregivers' relationship with the care recipient.ConclusionsIn addition to known barriers including lack of timely knowledge, service delays, and caregiver stress, Veteran–caregiver disagreements emerged as a novel barrier to using HCBS. A multi‐pronged approach that addresses these barriers may increase timely access to HCBS.
‘It's especially good just to know that you're not the only one’: a qualitative study exploring experiences with online peer support programmes for the Fragile X community
Authors: Haber T. , Davies L. , Hinman R. S. , Bennell K. L. , Bruce W. , Jewell L. , Borda A. , Lawford B. J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundAccessing peer support can be difficult for people with, or carers of people with, inherited intellectual disabilities. One way to improve access is to provide services online, yet few studies have explored people's experiences with online peer support programmes. We aimed to explore experiences with such programmes for communities affected by fragile X‐associated conditions.MethodsQualitative study involving individual semi‐structured interviews with 16 people with, or carers of people with, a fragile X‐associated condition (n = 4 adult premutation carriers; n = 12 parents/carers of children/adults), who participated in at least one of three online peer support programmes: educational webinars, Facebook discussion group and small peer group sessions via Zoom. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to develop themes.ResultsThree overarching themes relating to experiences were as follows: (1) uncertainty and value of shared experiences, (2) support navigating healthcare, (3) advantages being online, but still a place for in‐person events. Educational webinars were perceived to be a valuable source of information about fragile X‐associated conditions although people had variable information needs. Facebook discussion groups enabled people to connect with others, although participants expressed some competing preferences for how the groups were organised. Zoom peer group sessions were perceived to help participants feel supported by others, but that consistency in organisation was important.ConclusionsOnline peer support programmes were perceived to be beneficial, bridging informational gaps and facilitating social connection. However, participants believed there was still a place for in‐person events, some felt educational webinars did not always meet their needs and some had privacy concerns.