bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entrepreneurship, finance entrepreneurs and job creation: Evidence from panel data
Authors: Vega-Pascual Manuela , Di Pietro Filippo , Alfalla-Luque Rafaela 
Published: December 2017

<p>Within the line of research in entrepreneurship and economic development that defends the entrepreneurial activity as a tool for job creation and activation of the economy, we will perform an empirical analysis in Spain of the relationship between the institutional environment, specifically the entrepreneurial finance variable , capital structure and growth of young firms. To this end, this study focuses on the business context of young Spanish SMEs and uses information from the GEM and SABI databases for the period 2008-2015. Using the panel data methodology, empirical evidence is provided that access to finance favors the indebtedness of young Spanish SMEs, and leverage is an explanatory factor of job creation. The data is consistent at the country and regional levels. Therefore, an institutional effort, both public and private, that facilitates financing entrepreneurs will favor the creation of employment and economic growth. The authors have contributed equally to this research. </p><p>[Emprendimiento, financiación para los emprendedores y creación de empleo: Evidencias a través de datos de panel]</p><p>Dentro de la línea de investigación en emprendimiento y desarrollo económico que defiende la iniciativa emprendedora como herramienta de creación de empleo y activación de la economía, vamos a realizar un análisis empírico en España de la relación entre entorno institucional, concretamente de la variable apoyo financiero, estructura de capital y crecimiento de jóvenes empresas. Para ello, este estudio se centra en el contexto empresarial de las jóvenes PYMES españolas y utiliza información de las bases de datos GEM y SABI para el horizonte temporal 2008-2015. Mediante la metodología de datos de panel se aporta evidencia empírica de que el apoyo financiero favorece el endeudamiento de las jóvenes PYMES españolas, y el apalancamiento es un factor explicativo de la creación de empleo. Los datos son consistentes a nivel país y a nivel regional. Por tanto, un esfuerzo institucional, tanto público como privado, que facilite el acceso a la financiación empresarial favorecerá la creación de empleo y el crecimiento económico. Todos los autores han contribuido de igual manera en esta investigación.</p>
Planar seismic source characterization models developed for probabilistic seismic hazard assessment of Istanbul
Authors: Gülerce Zeynep , Buğra Soyman Kadir , Güner Barış , Kaymakci Nuretdin 
Published: December 2017

Abstract. This contribution provides an updated planar seismic source characterization (SSC) model to be used in the probabilistic seismic hazard assessment (PSHA) for Istanbul. It defines planar rupture systems for the four main segments of the North Anatolian fault zone (NAFZ) that are critical for the PSHA of Istanbul: segments covering the rupture zones of the 1999 Kocaeli and Düzce earthquakes, central Marmara, and Ganos/Saros segments. In each rupture system, the source geometry is defined in terms of fault length, fault width, fault plane attitude, and segmentation points. Activity rates and the magnitude recurrence models for each rupture system are established by considering geological and geodetic constraints and are tested based on the observed seismicity that is associated with the rupture system. Uncertainty in the SSC model parameters (e.g., b value, maximum magnitude, slip rate, weights of the rupture scenarios) is considered, whereas the uncertainty in the fault geometry is not included in the logic tree. To acknowledge the effect of earthquakes that are not associated with the defined rupture systems on the hazard, a background zone is introduced and the seismicity rates in the background zone are calculated using smoothed-seismicity approach. The state-of-the-art SSC model presented here is the first fully documented and ready-to-use fault-based SSC model developed for the PSHA of Istanbul.
"Dizer no todo": palavra e imagem na obra de Mário Cesariny
Authors: Rocha Michele Coutinho 
Published: December 2017

O artigo tem como objetivo estudar a articulação entre a palavra e a imagem na obra de Mário Cesariny, presente em diversas práticas artísticas como poemas-poesia, picto-poemas, novelas-colagem e ainda em aquamotos e composições plásticas que integram referências linguísticas. Através da análise e compreensão da relação ou interação entre signos plásticos, icônicos e linguísticos, pretende-se identificar e caracterizar territórios de significação comum, feitos de apropriações mútuas, cruzamento e partilha de espaços e confluência de intenções. O estudo evidenciou relações de intertextualidade e interdiscursividade entre textos e imagens, discursos e conteúdos ideológicos. AbstractThis article studies the relations between word and image in de work of Mário Cesariny, present in diverse artistic practices as poems-poetry, picto-poems, novels-collage and still in aquamotos and plastic compositions that integrate linguistic references. Through the analysis and understanding of the relations or interaction between plastic, iconic and linguistic signs, we intend to identify and characterize areas of common meaning, made of mutual appropriations, crossover and sharing spaces and confluence of intentions. The study showed relations of intertextuality and interdiscursivity between text and image, speeches and ideological contents. ResumenEl artículo tiene como objetivo estudiar la articulación entre la palabra y la imagen en la obra de Mário Cesariny, presente en diversas prácticas artísticas como poemaspoesía, picto-poemas, novelas-collage y aún en aquamotos y composiciones plásticas que integran referencias lingüísticas. A través del análisis y comprensión de la relación o interacción entre signos plásticos, icónicos y lingüísticos, se pretende identificar y caracterizar territorios de significación común, hechos de apropiaciones mutuas, cruce y reparto de espacios y confluencia de intenciones. El estudio evidenció relaciones de intertextualidad e interdiscursividad entre textos e imágenes, discursos y contenidos ideológicos.
Piauí é aqui: as pinturas rupestres piauienses entre a Arqueologia e a História da Arte
Authors: Friques Manoel Silvestre 
Published: December 2017

O artigo coteja as pinturas rupestres piauienses com algumas interpretações das imagens pré-históricas desenvolvidas no âmbito da História da Arte. Para isso, recupera o sistema taxonômico elaborado por Niède Guidon (1985; 1989), observando aí a presença de algumas noções postas à prova pela produção artística moderna e contemporânea. O questionamento do enquadramento convencional da História da Arte motiva também uma reconsideração do conceito de arte a partir dos registros rupestres piauienses. Por fim, frente à inadequação dos pares conceituais encontrados na área – em especial, a oposição entre naturalismo e geometrismo – propõe-se uma leitura das imagens piauienses enquanto escrituras multinaturalistas, conforme a noção concebida por Eduardo Viveiros de Castro (2015). AbstractThe article contrasts Piauí’s rock paintings with some interpretations of the prehistoric images found within the context of the History of Art. To that end, it recovers the taxonomic system elaborated by Niède Guidon, observing the presence of some notions put to the test by the modern and contemporary artistic production. The questioning of History of Art conventional framework also motivates a reconsideration of the concept of art from the Piauí rupestrian records. Finally, regarding the inadequacy of conceptual pairs found in the area – especially the opposition between naturalism and geometrism – it is proposed a reading of Piauí images as multinaturalist writings, according to the notion conceived by Eduardo Viveiros de Castro (2015). ResumenEl artículo compara las pinturas rupestres piauienses con algunas interpretaciones de las imágenes prehistóricas desarrolladas en el ámbito de la historia del arte. Para eso, recupera el sistema taxonómico elaborado por Niède Guidon (1985; 1989), observando allí la presencia de algunas nociones puestas a prueba por la producción artística moderna y contemporánea. El cuestionamiento del encuadramiento convencional de la historia del arte produce también una reconsideración del concepto de arte a partir de los registros rupestres piauienses. Por último, frente a la inadecuación de los pares conceptuales encontrados en el área – en especial, la oposición entre naturalismo y geometrismo – se propone una lectura de las imágenes piauienses como escrituras multinaturalistas, según la noción concebida por Eduardo Viveiros de Castro
MAQUIAVEL: A FORÇA, O PODER E A RETÓRICA
Authors: Adverse Helton 
Published: December 2017

<p>Resumo: O presente artigo visa examinar as relações entre poder, força e retórica no pensamento de Maquiavel. A obra do secretário florentino nos liberta da ilusão segundo a qual o poder é idêntico à força, nos mostrando que seu exercício é impossível sem a dimensão discursiva. Apenas levando esse fato em consideração, podemos apreender a realidade política em sua complexidade.</p><p>Palavras-chaves: Poder, retórica, força, Maquiavel. </p>
Autophagy Caught in the Act: A Supramolecular FRET Pair Based on an Ultrastable Synthetic Host–Guest Complex Visualizes Autophagosome–Lysosome Fusion
Authors: Li Meng , Lee Ara , Kim Kyung Lock , Murray James , Shrinidhi Annadka , Sung Gihyun , Park Kyeng Min , Kim Kimoon 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA supramolecular FRET pair based on the ultrahigh binding affinity between cyanine 3 conjugated cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]‐Cy3) and cyanine 5 conjugated adamantylamine (AdA‐Cy5) was exploited as a new synthetic tool for imaging cellular processes in live cells. Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that CB[7]‐Cy3 and AdA‐Cy5 were intracellularly translocated and accumulated in lysosomes and mitochondria, respectively. CB[7]‐Cy3 and AdA‐Cy5 then formed a host–guest complex, reported by a FRET signal, as a result of the fusion of lysosomes and mitochondria. This observation not only indicated that CB[7] forms a stable complex with AdA in a live cell, but also suggested that this FRET pair can visualize dynamic organelle fusion processes, such as those involved in the degradation of mitochondria through autophagy (mitophagy), by virtue of its small size, chemical stability, and ease of use.
WEED MANAGEMENT IN AEROBIC RICE: ROLE OF ESTABLISHMENT METHODS AND HERBICIDES
Authors: MUNDA SUSHMITA , SAHA SANJOY , ADAK TOTAN , JAMBHULKAR NITIPRASAD 
Published: December 2017

SUMMARYWeed management in rice depends on establishment method and proper selection of herbicide. A field experiment was conducted during dry seasons of 2013 and 2014 to develop a robust strategy for effective weed management in aerobic rice system for tropical rice belts. The efficacy of post-emergent herbicides bispyribac-sodium, azimsulfuron and flucetosulfuron were evaluated under different rice establishment methods (row sowing, spot seeding and broadcasting). Grass weed species constituted 58–68% of the total weed density across the establishment methods in the weedy check treatment. The total weed density and weed biomass were lowest in spot seeding with azimsulfuron (35 g active ingredient (a.i.) ha−1) 30 and 60 days after sowing. Among herbicides, use of azimsulfuron caused the highest grain yield (5.2 Mg ha−1), realizing 72% increase in grain yield over the weedy check. Yields in row sowing and spot seeding were similar and the same was verified when comparing yields in plots treated with bispyribac-sodium and azimsulfuron. Based on our findings and considering both weed presence and grain yield, azimsulfuron in spot seeding can be recommended in aerobic rice.
Childhood adversity and cognitive function in schizophrenia spectrum disorders and healthy controls: evidence for an association between neglect and social cognition
Authors: Kilian S , Asmal L , Chiliza B , Olivier MR , Phahladira L , Scheffler F , Seedat S , Marder SR , Green MF , Emsley R 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundChildhood adversity is associated with cognitive impairments in schizophrenia. However, findings to date are inconsistent and little is known about the relationship between social cognition and childhood trauma. We investigated the relationship between childhood abuse and neglect and cognitive function in patients with a first-episode of schizophrenia or schizophreniform disorder (n = 56) and matched healthy controls (n = 52). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study assessing this relationship in patients and controls exposed to similarly high levels of trauma.MethodsPearson correlational coefficients were used to assess correlations between Childhood Trauma Questionnaire abuse and neglect scores and cognition. For the MCCB domains displaying significant (p < 0.05) correlations, within group hierarchical linear regression, was done to assess whether abuse and neglect were significant predictors of cognition after controlling for the effect of education.ResultsPatients and controls reported similarly high levels of abuse and neglect. Cognitive performance was poorer for patients compared with controls for all cognitive domains except working memory and social cognition. After controlling for education, exposure to childhood neglect remained a significant predictor of impairment in social cognition in both patients and controls. Neglect was also a significant predictor of poorer verbal learning in patients and of attention/vigilance in controls. However, childhood abuse did not significantly predict cognitive impairments in either patients or controls.ConclusionThese findings are cross sectional and do not infer causality. Nonetheless, they indicate that associations between one type of childhood adversity (i.e. neglect) and social cognition are present and are not illness-specific.
An outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections following a dairy education school field trip in Washington state, 2015
Authors: Curran K. G. , Heiman Marshall K. E. , Singh T. , Doobovsky Z. , Hensley J. , Melius B. , Whitlock L. , Stevenson L. , Leinbach J. , Oltean H. , Glover W. A. , Kunesh T. , Lindquist S. , Williams I. , Nichols M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractOn 27 April 2015, Washington health authorities identified Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections associated with dairy education school field trips held in a barn 20–24 April. Investigation objectives were to determine the magnitude of the outbreak, identify the source of infection, prevent secondary illness transmission and develop recommendations to prevent future outbreaks. Case-finding, hypothesis generating interviews, environmental site visits and a case–control study were conducted. Parents and children were interviewed regarding event activities. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed. Environmental testing was conducted in the barn; isolates were compared to patient isolates using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Sixty people were ill, 11 (18%) were hospitalised and six (10%) developed haemolytic uremic syndrome. Ill people ranged in age from <1 year to 47 years (median: 7), and 20 (33%) were female. Twenty-seven case-patients and 88 controls were enrolled in the case–control study. Among first-grade students, handwashing (i.e. soap and water, or hand sanitiser) before lunch was protective (adjusted OR 0.13; 95% CI 0.02–0.88, P = 0.04). Barn samples yielded E. coli O157:H7 with PFGE patterns indistinguishable from patient isolates. This investigation provided epidemiological, laboratory and environmental evidence for a large outbreak of E. coli O157:H7 infections from exposure to a contaminated barn. The investigation highlights the often overlooked risk of infection through exposure to animal environments as well as the importance of handwashing for disease prevention. Increased education and encouragement of infection prevention measures, such as handwashing, can prevent illness.
Estimating survival rates in MERS-CoV patients 14 and 45 days after experiencing symptoms and determining the differences in survival rates by demographic data, disease characteristics and regions: a worldwide study
Authors: Ahmed Anwar E. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAlthough Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) has a recorded 5 years of circulation in 27 countries worldwide, there is no international study to assess whether there is variation in mortality by region. Neither has there been a comprehensive study detailing how the disease characteristics of MERS-CoV influence mortality in patients presenting symptoms. This study aimed to assess how region, patient and disease characteristics influence 14- and 45-day mortality in MERS patients. The author utilised publically available data on MERS-CoV. The study included 883 MERS patients reported between 5 January 2015 and 10 March 2017. Data on patient and disease characteristics were collected. The mean age at MERS-CoV diagnosis was 54.3 years: 69.1% were male, and 86.7% of the cases were reported from Saudi Arabia. About 40% of MERS patients studied were over the age of 60. The study estimated 14- and 45-day survival rates after initial onset of symptoms: 83.67% and 65.9%, respectively. Saudi Arabian MERS patients exhibited 4.1 and 5.0 times higher 14-day (adjusted hazard risk (aHR) = 4.1; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.012–16.921) and 45-day (aHR = 5.0; 95% CI 1.856–13.581) mortality risk compared with MERS patients in the Republic of Korea or other countries. Similarly, Middle Eastern MERS patients showed 5.3 and 4.1 times higher 14-day (aHR = 5.3; 95% CI 1.070–25.902) and 45-day (aHR = 4.1; 95% CI 1.288–113.076) mortality risk compared with MERS patients in the Republic of Korea or other countries. The results demonstrated a link between mortality and geography, disease and patient factors such as regions, symptoms, source of infections, underlying medical conditions, modes of transmission, non-healthcare workers and those of older age. Educational programmes, access to healthcare and early diagnosis could be implemented as modifiable factors to reduce the higher mortality rates in MERS patients.
Suboptimal infant and young child feeding practices among internally displaced persons during conflict in eastern Ukraine
Authors: Summers Aimee , Bilukha Oleg O 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo determine current status, areas for improvement and effect of conflict on infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices among internally displaced persons (IDP) in eastern Ukraine.DesignCross-sectional household survey, June 2015.SettingKharkiv, Dnipropetrovsk and Zaporizhia oblasts (Ukrainian administrative divisions) bordering conflict area in Ukraine.SubjectsRandomly selected IDP households with children aged <2 years registered with local non-governmental organizations. Questions based on the WHO IYCF assessment questionnaire were asked for 477 children. Mid-upper arm circumference was measured in 411 children aged 6–23 months.ResultsExclusive breast-feeding prevalence for infants aged <6 months was 25·8 (95 % CI 15·8, 38·0) %. Percentage of mothers continuing breast-feeding when their child was aged 1 and 2 years was 53·5 (95 % CI 43·2, 63·6) % and 20·6 (95 % CI 11·5, 32·7) %, respectively. Bottle-feeding was common for children aged <2 years (68·1 %; 95 % CI 63·7, 72·3 %). Almost all infants aged 6–8 months received solid foods (98·6 %; 95 % CI 88·5, 99·9 %). Mothers who discontinued breast-feeding before their infant was 6 months old more often listed stress related to conflict as their primary reason for discontinuation (45·7 %) compared with mothers who discontinued breast-feeding when their child was aged 6–23 months (14·3 %; P<0·0001).ConclusionsTo mitigate the effects of conflict and improve child health, humanitarian action is needed focused on helping mothers cope with stress related to conflict and displacement while supporting women to adhere to recommended IYCF practices if possible and providing appropriate support to women when adherence is not feasible.
Attitudes of medical doctors and nurses towards the role of the nurses in the primary care unit in Italy
Authors: Gualano Maria R. , Bert Fabrizio , Adige Valeria , Thomas Robin , Scozzari Gitana , Siliquini Roberta 
Published: December 2017

AimAim of the present study was to assess the knowledge of the potential role of nurses in the primary care setting and to analyse the attitudes towards their utilization by nurses and General Practitioners (GPs) in a region of Italy.BackgroundNowadays, in Italy, the role of the nurse in primary care is still under-recognized and most primary care medical offices are managed individually by a physician.MethodsThe study consists of a questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey carried out in Piedmont, Italy, between February and September 2015.FindingsWe included 105 participants, 57 nurses and 48 physicians. The presence of a nurse working together with the GP was defined as ‘useful’ by 54.4% of nurses (versus 60.4% of physicians), as ‘essential’ by 45.6% of nurses (versus 25.0% of physicians), as ‘marginal’ by no nurses (versus 14.6% of physicians) and as ‘unimportant’ by none (P=0.002). Thus, physicians seemed to be less favorable towards a full collaboration and power-sharing with nurses. Furthermore, GPs and nurses showed a different attitude towards the role of nurses in primary care: while nurses highlighted their clinical value, physicians tended rather to recognize them a ‘supportive’ role. Moreover, only 20.8% of the physicians interviewed stated that they worked with a nurse. At the multivariate analysis, the age class resulted to be a significant predictor of the perception that the presence of a nurse working with the GP is essential: participants &gt;50 years had an OR of 0.03 (P=0.028). Although the primary care organization appears still largely based on a traditional physician-centric care model, the positive attitude of nurses and young GPs towards a more collaborative model of primary care might represent a promising starting point.
Erfassung des riskanten Alkoholkonsums bei Studierenden deutscher Hochschulen
Authors: Ganz Thomas , Braun Michael , Laging Marion , Heidenreich Thomas 
Published: December 2017

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Der Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) und die Kurzform AUDIT-C sind etablierte Screeninginstrumente, u. a. zur Erkennung des riskanten Alkoholkonsums. Fragestellung: Validierung und Bestimmung der Cut-Off-Werte beider Screenings für Studierende deutscher Hochschulen. Methode: Auf Basis zweier Querschnittsanalysen (1. Hochschule für angewandte Wissenschaften; n = 490, 60 % männlich; 2. drei Universitäten; n = 1456, 47 % männlich) erfolgten die Analysen anhand des, mittels Mengen-Frequenz-Indizes erhobenen, externen Kriteriums von > 60 bzw. > 120 Gramm Reinalkohol pro Woche (Frauen / Männer) bzw. eines praktizierten Rauschtrinkens. Zusätzlich erfolgte eine Erfassung Alkohol-assoziierter Probleme. Ergebnisse: Die Verbreitung des riskanten Alkoholkonsums im letzten Monat betrug 53 % bzw. 56 % und war mit signifikant mehr alkoholbedingten Problemen assoziiert. Die Testgüte beider Screenings war gut bis exzellent. Die optimalen Cut-Off-Werte betrugen für den AUDIT ≥ 5 Punkte, für den AUDIT-C ≥ 4 Punkte bzw. jeweils ≥ 4 bei Frauen und ≥ 5 bei Männern. Schlussfolgerungen: Aufgrund seiner Kürze kann insbesondere der AUDIT-C als valides und ökonomisches Screeninginstrument des riskanten Alkoholkonsums bei Studierenden empfohlen werden.