bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
De la controverse à l'acceptabilité sociale : le rôle constructif du conflit
Authors: Baba Sofiane , Mailhot Chantale 
Published: May 2016

Nous vivons dans un contexte de multiplication des controverses socio-économico-environnementales et de demande grandissante d’implication de la société civile dans la prise de décision liée aux projets de développement économique. Ainsi, les enjeux liés aux processus de construction et de reconstruction des relations entre une entreprise et des parties prenantes locales à la suite d'une controverse s'imposent comme d'importants objets d'études. Nous nous intéressons au rôle des controverses dans une démarche dite d'acceptabilité sociale en nous demandant comment des acteurs peuvent aboutir à un accord en dépit des divergences quant à leurs intérêts et valeurs. Pour ce faire, nous analysons en profondeur le cas controversé du projet hydroélectrique Grande-Baleine, un projet de construction de trois centrales hydroélectriques proposé par Hydro-Québec vers la fin des années 1980. Au plan théorique, nous nous appuyons sur l'approche des économies de la grandeur afin de tenir compte de la façon dont différents acteurs défendent la légitimité de leur position et surmontent des conflits. L'apport de cet article est double. D'abord, en ayant recours au cadre des économies de la grandeur, il conceptualise le processus d'acceptabilité sociale sur une pluralité de logiques de justification et d'action. Ensuite, il met au jour trois mécanismes favorisant l'acceptabilité sociale suite à une controverse : la gradation, les dispositifs et le rapprochement des pratiques. Ce faisant, il consolide au plan théorique le champ émergent de l'acceptabilité sociale en y intégrant une dimension inexplorée, à savoir celle du conflit.
D’une acceptabilité « end of pipe » à une réflexion multiscalaire sur les systèmes socio-techniques : exemple des bioraffineries
Authors: Gobert Julie 
Published: May 2016

Afin de mieux mettre en évidence les apories du concept d’acceptabilité sociale, cet article vise, au travers de différentes recherches, à questionner l’inscription territoriale et sociale d’objets socio-techniques, sensés incarner la transition énergétique et le développement durable : les bioraffineries. Elles sont seulement soumises à un processus d’acceptabilité sociale « end of pipe », c’est-à-dire sur l’objet-même, tandis que les enjeux en amont et aval des projets (changement d’usage des sols, etc.) ne sont jamais mis en exergue concomitamment au projet. En outre, les choix visant à développer la transformation de la biomasse via des bioraffineries sont souvent réalisés par des tours de table réduits comprenant des « communautés épistémiques » promouvant la bioraffinerie comme principe et de « communautés de pratique » appuyant localement leur développement. Ce qui induit un déficit d’appropriation sociale d’une technologie qui mobilise pourtant des financements publics importants.
Une histoire asynchrone de l’économie et de l’écologie, et de leurs « passeurs »
Authors: Boutillier Sophie , Matagne Patrick 
Published: May 2016

L’économie devient une discipline scientifique à la fin du 18e siècle avec les écoles classique et physiocratique. Ces deux écoles de pensée positionnent le marché comme la forme idéale de l’organisation économique et ne se posent pas la question de l’épuisement des ressources naturelles. Le travail et le commerce sont le moteur de la richesse des nations. Pourtant, la pollution n’est pas un fait inconnu des populations européennes, comme le montrent les travaux des historiens. L’écologie se constitue en tant que discipline scientifique un siècle plus tard, mettant en évidence l’équilibre difficile entre activité humaine et ressources naturelles. L’objectif de cette étude est de montrer qu’en dépit de ce décalage d’un siècle, des économistes se sont intéressés aux problèmes environnementaux, et d’autre part des scientifiques, des biologistes notamment, ont étudié l’impact des activités humaines sur l’environnement. Nous les nommons des « passeurs ».
Les paiements pour services environnementaux contribuent-ils à l’émergence d’un « gradient de juridicité » ?
Authors: Pomade Adélie 
Published: May 2016

Mettant en relation étroite l’homme et les écosystèmes, les services écosystémiques provoquent un renversement de perspective : la nature n’est plus envisagée pour elle-même, mais pour les bénéfices qu’elle procure à l’homme. Ce nouveau regard, qui signe la reconnaissance d’une forme de dépendance de l’homme à la nature, ouvre la voie à une nouvelle approche juridique des enjeux liés aux écosystèmes et à la biodiversité. Il s’avère susceptible d’influer sur les réponses possibles apportées par le droit à la préservation de l’environnement et semble être vecteur de nouvelles approches, de nouveaux modes d’intervention du droit, au premier rang desquels l’émergence possible d’un « gradient de juridicité ». La rencontre de la discipline juridique et des paiements pour services environnementaux met justement en lumière cette nouvelle opportunité.
Les Agences de l’eau et la restauration : 50 ans de tensions entre hydraulique et écologique
Authors: Morandi Bertrand , Piégay Hervé , Johnstone Karen , Miralles Diego 
Published: May 2016

Le paradigme de la restauration occupe une place importante au sein de la gestion actuelle de l’eau et des milieux aquatiques. Depuis son apparition dans les sphères scientifiques et opérationnelles à la fin des années 1970, le paradigme s’est complexifié et les significations associées aux différents concepts de restauration, renaturation et réhabilitation ont également évolué sans que les définitions et les pratiques auxquelles ils renvoient soient toujours clairement établies. Si l’intérêt pour la restauration n’a pas fléchi, ses définitions sont encore aujourd’hui au cœur de nombreux débats sur les objectifs et les moyens de l’action. L’étude rétrospective des politiques d’intervention des Agences de l’eau Loire-Bretagne, Rhin-Meuse et Rhône-Méditerranée-Corse, offre un éclairage géographique et historique nouveau sur les définitions et les pratiques de la restauration de cours d’eau au sein de l’action publique. Elle s’appuie sur une analyse qualitative des Programmes d’Intervention mis en œuvre sur ces trois bassins (1964-2018), laquelle est complétée par une analyse de contenu quantitative des dossiers d’aides financières accordées par ces mêmes AE pour la réalisation des actions de restauration (1997-2011). Les résultats montrent une tension récurrente entre deux conceptions de la restauration, l’une hydraulique et l’autre écologique, que ne sauraient masquer la diversification des pratiques et les processus d’hybridation. A la veille d’une mise en œuvre de la compétence GEMAPI, l’analyse proposée des politiques d’intervention des AE peut apporter au débat actuel quant à la forme et aux moyens d’une éventuelle « montée en puissance » des projets de restauration de cours d’eau au sein de l’action publique.
Évolution de l’occupation et de l’utilisation du sol entre 1973 et 2010 dans la zone agropastorale du lac de Guiers (Sénégal)
Authors: Faye Véronique M. , Mbow Cheikh , Thiam Abou 
Published: May 2016

Cette étude traite de l’évolution de l’occupation et de l’utilisation du sol dans la région du lac de Guiers. Elle contribue à la caractérisation des principales entités spatiales de la zone entre 1973 et 2010. Les techniques cartographiques basées sur les analyses d’images satellites multidates ont été utilisées et complétées par des vérifications sur le terrain. Sur la période étudiée, il a été observé une augmentation des étendues d’eau de 14,9 % ; de la végétation aquatique de 17,5 %, des exploitations agricoles industrielles et privées respectivement de 207,5 et 5508,8 % et une diminution des superficies des steppes arbustives et herbeuses de 69,9 et 64,3 %. Les changements d’occupation du sol se sont manifestés principalement par la substitution de la steppe arbustive par une steppe herbeuse entre 1973-1988 (avant l’édification des barrages de Diama et Manantali sur le fleuve Sénégal), et l’extension des aménagements agricoles et de la végétation aquatique, entre 1988 à 2010 (après les barrages). L’utilisation du sol en 2010 est marquée par le développement de l’agriculture irriguée qui occupe 42 % de la zone étudiée. L’importante extension des exploitations agricoles irriguées est source de nombreux conflits fonciers. Il est essentiel de revoir le développement de la région dans son ensemble dans le cadre de la politique nationale en matière d’aménagement du territoire et de développement local participatif.
Identification of High-Risk Patients with Non-ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction using Strain Doppler Echocardiography: Correlation with Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Loutfi Mohamed , Ashour Sanaa , El-Sharkawy Eman , El-Fawal Sara , El-Touny Karim 
Published: May 2016

Assessment of left ventricular (LV) function is important for decision-making and risk stratification in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Many patients with non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) have substantial infarction, but these patients often do not reveal clinical signs of instability, and they rarely fulfill criteria for acute revascularization therapy. Aim This study evaluated the potential of strain Doppler echocardiography analysis for the assessment of LV infarct size when compared with standard two-dimensional echo and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) data. Methods Thirty patients with NSTEMI were examined using echocardiography after hospitalization for 1.8 ± 1.1 days for the assessment of left ventricular ejection fraction, wall motion score index (WMSI), and LV global longitudinal strain (GLS). Infarct size was assessed using delayed enhancement CMR 6.97 ± 3.2 days after admission as a percentage of total myocardial volume. Results GLS was performed in 30 patients, and 82.9% of the LV segments were accepted for GLS analysis. Comparisons between patients with a complete set of GLS and standard echo, GLS and CMR were performed. The linear relationship demonstrated moderately strong and significant associations between GLS and ejection fraction (EF) as determined using standard echo ( r = 0.452, P = 0.012), WMSI ( r = 0.462, P = 0.010), and the gold standard CMR-determined EF ( r = 0.57, P < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to analyze the ability of GLS to evaluate infarct size. GLS was the best predictor of infarct size in a multivariate linear regression analysis (β = 1.51, P = 0.027). WMSI >1.125 and a GLS cutoff value of −11.29% identified patients with substantial infarction (≥12% of total myocardial volume measured using CMR) with accuracies of 76.7% and 80%, respectively. However, GLS remained the only independent predictor in a multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify an infarct size ≥12%. Conclusion GLS is a good predictor of infarct size in NSTEMI, and it may serve as a tool in conjunction with risk stratification scores for the selection of high-risk NSTEMI patients.
A multi-platform investigation of midlatitude sporadic &lt;i&gt;E&lt;/i&gt; and its ties to &lt;i&gt;E&lt;/i&gt;–&lt;i&gt;F&lt;/i&gt; coupling and meteor activity
Authors: Helmboldt Joseph 
Published: May 2016

Abstract. This paper describes the results of a multi-platform observing campaign aimed at studying midlatitude sporadic E (Es) and associated ionospheric phenomena. The assets used were the digisonde in Boulder, Colorado; the first station of the Long Wavelength Array, LWA1, in New Mexico; the transmitters of the radio station WWV in Colorado; and 61 continuously operating GPS receivers between LWA1 and WWV. The results show that southwestward-directed medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) were substantially more prevalent when Es was detected. The amplitudes of these correlate with a plasma frequency up to about 4.5 MHz. For fp ≳ 5 MHz, the MSTIDs become significantly weaker and basically vanish above  ∼ 6.5 MHz. The prevalence of meteor trail reflections observed with LWA1 also correlates with fp up to about 4.5 MHz; above this limit, the relationship exhibits a significant turnover. The observed intensity of coherent backscatter from Es field-aligned irregularities (FAIs) also correlates with inferred plasma frequency. However, this trend continues to higher frequencies with a peak near 6 MHz, followed by a much more subtle turnover. The reflected power from Es structures observed with LWA1 is significantly more correlated on spatial scales between 10 and 40 km. The magnitude of this correlation increases with fp up to  ∼  6 MHz, above which it drops. These results are consistent with the following: (1) southwestward-directed MSTIDs are produced via E–F coupling; (2) this coupling is stronger when the Es layer, seeded by meteor ablation, is more dense; (3) the coupling is substantially diminished for Es layers harboring extremely dense structures (fp ≳ 5 MHz).
Ecological survey of the native pinewoods of Scotland 1971
Authors: Wood Claire M. , Bunce Robert G. H. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract. In 1971, a comprehensive ecological survey of the native pinewoods of Scotland was carried out by the Institute of Terrestrial Ecology. The survey was initiated as a consequence of growing concern about the status of the pinewood resource. Since the twentieth century, this unique habitat is widely recognised, not only by ecologists for its inherent biodiversity but also by the general public for its cultural and amenity value. The survey, utilising demonstrably repeatable methods, collected information on ground flora, soils, forest structure and also general site information from the major 27 sites of the 35 sites identified as truly native pinewoods in Scotland. The results from the survey prompted the organisation of an international symposium in 1975, which set the conservation agenda for the old Caledonian pinewoods. The data collected during the 1971 survey are now publicly available via the following DOI: doi:10/7xb ("Habitat, vegetation, tree and soil data from Native Pinewoods in Scotland, 1971"). Although the data are now 44 years old, the repeatable methods will allow for a resurvey to take place, in order to assess changes in the vegetation, habitats and tree composition in a statistically robust manner.
Statistical model for economic damage from pluvial floods in Japan using rainfall data and socioeconomic parameters
Authors: Bhattarai Rajan , Yoshimura Kei , Seto Shinta , Nakamura Shinichiro , Oki Taikan 
Published: May 2016

Abstract. The assessment of flood risk is important for policymakers to evaluate damage and for disaster preparation. Large population densities and high property concentration make cities more vulnerable to floods and having higher absolute damage per year. A number of major cities in the world suffer from flood inundation damage every year. In Japan, approximately USD 1 billion in damage occurs annually due to pluvial floods only. The amount of damage was typically large in large cities, but regions with lower population density tended to have more damage per capita. Our statistical approach gives the probability of damage following every daily rainfall event and thereby the annual damage as a function of rainfall, population density, topographical slope and gross domestic product. Our results for Japan show reasonable agreement with area-averaged annual damage for the period 1993–2009. We report a damage occurrence probability function and a damage cost function for pluvial flood damage, which makes this method flexible for use in future scenarios and also capable of being expanded to different regions.
Switchgrass ecotypes alter microbial contribution to deep-soil C
Authors: Roosendaal Damaris , Stewart Catherine E. , Denef Karolien , Follett Ronald F. , Pruessner Elizabeth , Comas Louise H. , Varvel Gary E. , Saathoff Aaron , Palmer Nathan , Sarath Gautam , Jin Virginia L. , Schmer Marty , Soundararajan Madhavan 
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a C4, perennial grass that is being developed as a bioenergy crop for the United States. While aboveground biomass production is well documented for switchgrass ecotypes (lowland, upland), little is known about the impact of plant belowground productivity on microbial communities down deep in the soil profiles. Microbial dynamics in deeper soils are likely to exert considerable control on ecosystem services, including C and nutrient cycles, due to their involvement in such processes as soil formation and ecosystem biogeochemistry. Differences in root biomass and rooting characteristics of switchgrass ecotypes could lead to distinct differences in belowground microbial biomass and microbial community composition. We quantified root abundance and root architecture and the associated microbial abundance, composition, and rhizodeposit C uptake for two switchgrass ecotypes using stable-isotope probing of microbial phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) after 13CO2 pulse–chase labeling. Kanlow, a lowland ecotype with thicker roots, had greater plant biomass above- and belowground (g m−2), greater root mass density (mg cm−3), and lower specific root length (m g−1) compared to Summer, an upland ecotype with finer root architecture. The relative abundance of bacterial biomarkers dominated microbial PLFA profiles for soils under both Kanlow and Summer (55.4 and 53.5 %, respectively; P  =  0.0367), with differences attributable to a greater relative abundance of Gram-negative bacteria in soils under Kanlow (18.1 %) compared to soils under Summer (16.3 %; P  =  0.0455). The two ecotypes also had distinctly different microbial communities process rhizodeposit C: greater relative atom % 13C excess in Gram-negative bacteria (44.1 ± 2.3 %) under the thicker roots of Kanlow and greater relative atom % 13C excess in saprotrophic fungi under the thinner roots of Summer (48.5 ± 2.2 %). For bioenergy production systems, variation between switchgrass ecotypes could alter microbial communities and impact C sequestration and storage as well as potentially other belowground processes.
MicroRNA (miRNA) in food resources and medicinal plant
Authors: Ražná Katarí­na , Bežo Milan , Hlavačková Lucia , Žiarovská Jana , Miko Marián , Gažo Ján , Habán Miroslav 
Published: May 2016

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of 19 - 24 nucleotide long non-coding RNAs derived from hairpin precursors, regulating various biological, metabolic and developmental processes at the post-transcriptional level. Many of the known miRNAs are evolutionary conserved across diverse plant species and function in the regulatory control of fundamentally important biological processes. It is known that exogenous plant miRNAs specifically target approximately 30% of protein-coding genes in mammals. The research was focused to analyze the occurrence of selected families of miRNAs (miR156, miR168 and miR171) in less used species but nutritionally important plant food resources (flax and medlar) and medicinal plant (milk thistle). The analyses were done by two individual approaches, by (a) miRNA-based molecular markers - as a novel type of functional markers and (b) qualitative Real-Time PCR. The expression pattern of selected miRNAs was analyzed depending on various plant tissues and developmental stages. Results have confirmed the significance and reliability of novel type of markers based on miRNA molecules as well as the species-specific and tissues-specific expression patterns of plants miRNAs. Significant polymorphism profile of miR156b was detected in various flax tissues of genotypes varying in the content of alpha-linolenic acid. Conclusions indicate that the variable behavior of the miRNA molecules, depending on various factors, may reflect the variability of the gene expression regulation of the human genome. The exploitation of the background of miRNA functioning within different species and plant tissues will help us to understand the molecular machinery as well as the regulatory mechanisms involved in the expression of miRNAs in plants and consequently in human genome.
Effects of cross-linking modification with phosphoryl chloride (POCl3) on pysiochemical properties of barley starch
Authors: Malekpour Zahra , Hojatoleslamy Mohammad , Molavi Hooman , Keramat Javad , Yazdi Amirpouya Ghandehari , Shariati Mohammad Ali 
Published: May 2016

Chemical methods are one of the comon method in starch modification. This study aimed at investigating of cross-link affection of phosphoryl chloride with two different levels 0.5 and 1g.kg-1 in order to enhance funciotnal proeprties and physiochemical changes on extracted starch from barley variety Bahman which cultivates in Chahr-Mahal Bakhtiari Province of Iran. Obtained results indicated that cross-linking leads to reduce sweeling power of strach granuls compred to natural starch and the amount of reduciton increase via the substitituin level. Powerfull cross-linkingnetween starch chains casue more resistance of granules to seweeling which is increased by means of cross-linking dgree. Additioally, investigationresults from synersis revealed that releasing water percentage in cross-linked starches increase in comparison to natural starches and this amount depends onthe amount of cross-link surface with a significantly difference in (α <0.05). Gelatinization temperature in both levels negligibly increased by modification where in low level of cross-linking was more. Furthermoe evaluating gelation temperatures of both natural and cross-linked modified starches showed that addition of phosphate groups in starch and creating extra coovalent bonds make granues more compressed reulting in slight increase of To, Tp, Tcin barley starch. Icreasing of temperature observed more in less concentration of cross-links. Evaluation of viscosity changes also revealed that this modification depending on increasing the amount of Phosphoryl Chloride led to increasing peak temperature, diminish peak and setback viscosity. Result also exhibited that in morphological level, cross-link causes to incidence changes in particles' diameter size. The comparison of diameter average and frequency between natural starch and cross-links starch exhibited that in cross-linkd treatment with 0.5% phosphoryl chloride, increase in frequency of granules with diameter of 6 - 10µm and >20 µm obersced. While frequency of granules with diamater size of 2 - 6 µm and 10 - 20 µm has been reduced to 0 which create bigger granules.
Black Like Me: Caribbean Tourism and the St. Kitts Music Festival
Authors: Baker Jessica 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
In recent years the St. Kitts Music Festival has become a platform for popular American, Jamaican, and a relatively small number of local Kittitian-Nevisian artists--a shift that mirrors the changing demographic of audiences who attend the festival. These contemporary artists represent the black faces of Caribbean tourism that have previously been unacknowledged within discussions of mass tourism in the Caribbean. This article questions the stability of categories such as tourist, local, and visitor by examining the St. Kitts Music Festival as an occasion for local engagement with American blackness as one aspect of modern Kittitian identity and Caribbean tourism.
On Hybridity in African Popular Music: The Case of Senegalese Hip Hop
Authors: Appert Catherine M. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
This article critically considers the legacy of hybridity in African popular music studies and questions whether contemporary African engagements with diasporic popular musics like hip hop call for new interpretations of musical genre. Through ethnographic research with hip hoppers in Senegal, I explore how practices of musical intertextuality reinscribe global connections as diasporic ones and challenge the conditions for musical hybridity. I argue that the formal parameters of musical genre themselves constitute conscious and strategic social practice that situates human actors in local and global place.