bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dissolved Organic Carbon Mobilisation in a Groundwater System Stressed by Pumping
Authors: Graham P. W. , Baker A. , Andersen M. S. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe concentration and flux of organic carbon in aquifers is influenced by recharge and abstraction and surface and subsurface processing. In this study groundwater was abstracted from a shallow fractured rock aquifer and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was measured in observation bores at different distances from the abstraction bore. Groundwater abstraction at rates exceeding the aquifers yield resulted in increased DOC concentration up to 3,500 percent of initial concentrations. Potential sources of this increased DOC were determined using optical fluorescence and absorbance analysis. Groundwater fluorescent dissolved organic material (FDOM) were found to be a combination of terrestrial-derived humic material and microbial or protein sourced material. Relative molecular weight of FDOM within four metres of the abstraction well increased during the experiment, while the relative molecular weight of FDOM between four and ten metres from the abstraction well decreased. When the aquifer is not being pumped, DOC mobilisation in the aquifer is low. We hypothesise that the physical shear stress on aquifer materials caused by intense abstraction significantly increases the temporary release of DOC from sloughing of biofilms and release of otherwise bound colloidal and sedimentary organic carbon (SOC).
Linking the sender to the receiver: vocal adjustments by bats to maintain signal detection in noise
Authors: Luo Jinhong , Goerlitz Holger R. , Brumm Henrik , Wiegrebe Lutz 
Published: December 2015

AbstractShort-term adjustments of signal characteristics allow animals to maintain reliable communication in noise. Noise-dependent vocal plasticity often involves simultaneous changes in multiple parameters. Here, we quantified for the first time the relative contributions of signal amplitude, duration and redundancy for improving signal detectability in noise. To this end, we used a combination of behavioural experiments on pale spear-nosed bats (Phyllostomus discolor) and signal detection models. In response to increasing noise levels, all bats raised the amplitude of their echolocation calls by 1.8–7.9 dB (the Lombard effect). Bats also increased signal duration by 13%–85%, corresponding to an increase in detectability of 1.0–5.3 dB. Finally, in some noise conditions, bats increased signal redundancy by producing more call groups. Assuming optimal cognitive integration, this could result in a further detectability improvement by up to 4 dB. Our data show that while the main improvement in signal detectability was due to the Lombard effect, increasing signal duration and redundancy can also contribute markedly to improving signal detectability. Overall, our findings demonstrate that the observed adjustments of signal parameters in noise are matched to how these parameters are processed in the receiver’s sensory system, thereby facilitating signal transmission in fluctuating environments.
Contributions of multiple refugia during the last glacial period to current mainland populations of Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis)
Authors: Bao Lei , Kudureti Ayijiamali , Bai Weining , Chen Rongzhang , Wang Tianming , Wang Hongfang , Ge Jianping 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe northern microrefugia that existed during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) are a key factor in the demographic history of species. Pinus koraiensis has a unique distribution in northeast Asia. The Changbai Mountains and the Korean peninsula (CM/KP) are usually considered to be the LGM refugia for P. koraiensis. However, the Xiaoxingan Range (XR), at the northern part of this species’ distribution, is another possible refugium. We used chloroplast sequencing and ten nuclear single-copy gene loci to calculate the genetic diversity pattern of P. koraiensis. The probabilities of a single LGM refugium and of multiple LGM refugia were calculated based on approximate Bayesian computation. The effect of the latitudinal gradient on genetic diversity was not significant. However, unique alleles occurred at low frequencies in CM/KP and XR. A conservative estimate of the coalescence time between CM/KP and XR is 0.4 million years ago, a time prior to the LGM. Gene flow between CM/KP and XR was estimated to be more than one in per generation, an amount that may be sufficient to limit genetic divergence between the regions. Our study strongly supports the hypothesis that XR was another LGM refugium in addition to CM/KP.
Disruption of OsEXO70A1 Causes Irregular Vascular Bundles and Perturbs Mineral Nutrient Assimilation in Rice
Authors: Tu Bin , Hu Li , Chen Weilan , Li Tao , Hu Binhua , Zheng Ling , Lv Zheng , You Shuju , Wang Yuping , Ma Bingtian , Chen Xuewei , Qin Peng , Li Shigui 
Published: December 2015

AbstractNormal uptake, transportation and assimilation of primary nutrients are essential to plant growth. Tracheary elements (TEs) are tissues responsible for the transport of water and minerals and characterized by patterned secondary cell wall (SCW) thickening. Exocysts are involved in the regulation of SCW deposition by mediating the targeted transport of materials and enzymes to specific membrane areas. EXO70s are highly duplicated in plants and provide exocysts with functional specificity. In this study, we report the isolation of a rice mutant rapid leaf senescence2 (rls2) that exhibits dwarfism, ferruginous spotted necrotic leaves, decreased hydraulic transport and disordered primary nutrient assimilation. Histological analysis of rls2-1 mutants has indicated impaired cell expansion, collapsed vascular tissues and irregular SCW deposition. Map-based cloning has revealed that RLS2 encodes OsEXO70A1, which is one of the 47 members of EXO70s in rice. RLS2 was widely expressed and spatially restricted in vascular bundles. Subcellular localization analysis demonstrated that RLS2 was present on both membrane and nuclear regions. Expression analysis revealed that mutations in rls2 triggers transcriptional fluctuation of orthologous EXO70 genes and affects genes involved in primary nutrient absorption and transport. In brief, our study revealed that RLS2 is required for normal vascular bundle differentiation and primary nutrient assimilation.
Risk Distribution of Human Infections with Avian Influenza H7N9 and H5N1 virus in China
Authors: Li Xin-Lou , Yang Yang , Sun Ye , Chen Wan-Jun , Sun Ruo-Xi , Liu Kun , Ma Mai-Juan , Liang Song , Yao Hong-Wu , Gray Gregory C. , Fang Li-Qun , Cao Wu-Chun 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIt has been documented that the epidemiological characteristics of human infections with H7N9 differ significantly between H5N1. However, potential factors that may explain the different spatial distributions remain unexplored. We use boosted regression tree (BRT) models to explore the association of agro-ecological, environmental and meteorological variables with the occurrence of human cases of H7N9 and H5N1 and map the probabilities of occurrence of human cases. Live poultry markets, density of human, coverage of built-up land, relative humidity and precipitation were significant predictors for both. In addition, density of poultry, coverage of shrub and temperature played important roles for human H7N9 infection, whereas human H5N1 infection was associated with coverage of forest and water body. Based on the risks and distribution of ecological characteristics which may facilitate the circulation of the two viruses, we found Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta, along with a few spots on the southeast coastline, to be the high risk areas for H7N9 and H5N1. Additional, H5N1 risk spots were identified in eastern Sichuan and southern Yunnan Provinces. Surveillance of the two viruses needs to be enhanced in these high risk areas to reduce the risk of future epidemics of avian influenza in China.
Engineering interface-type resistive switching in BiFeO3 thin film switches by Ti implantation of bottom electrodes
Authors: You Tiangui , Ou Xin , Niu Gang , Bärwolf Florian , Li Guodong , Du Nan , Bürger Danilo , Skorupa Ilona , Jia Qi , Yu Wenjie , Wang Xi , Schmidt Oliver G. , Schmidt Heidemarie 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBiFeO3 based MIM structures with Ti-implanted Pt bottom electrodes and Au top electrodes have been fabricated on Sapphire substrates. The resulting metal-insulator-metal (MIM) structures show bipolar resistive switching without an electroforming process. It is evidenced that during the BiFeO3 thin film growth Ti diffuses into the BiFeO3 layer. The diffused Ti effectively traps and releases oxygen vacancies and consequently stabilizes the resistive switching in BiFeO3 MIM structures. Therefore, using Ti implantation of the bottom electrode, the retention performance can be greatly improved with increasing Ti fluence. For the used raster-scanned Ti implantation the lateral Ti distribution is not homogeneous enough and endurance slightly degrades with Ti fluence. The local resistive switching investigated by current sensing atomic force microscopy suggests the capability of down-scaling the resistive switching cell to one BiFeO3 grain size by local Ti implantation of the bottom electrode.
Generating a Bessel-Gaussian beam for the application in optical engineering
Authors: Chu Xiuxiang , Sun Quan , Wang Jing , Lü Pin , Xie Wenke , Xu Xiaojun 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBessel beam is the important member of the family of non-diffracting beams and has many novel properties which can be used in many areas. However, the source of Bessel beam generated by the existing methods can be used only in a short distance due to its low power. In this paper, based on the coherent combining technology, we have proposed a method which can be used to generate a high-power Bessel beam. Even more, we give an innovative idea to form vortex phase by using discontinuous piston phase. To confirm the validity of this method, the intensity evolution of the combined beam and the Bessel-Gaussian beam at different propagation distance have been studied and compared. Meanwhile, the experimental realization has been discussed from the existing experimental result related to the coherent combining technology.
Ecological consequences of long-term browning in lakes
Authors: Williamson Craig E. , Overholt Erin P. , Pilla Rachel M. , Leach Taylor H. , Brentrup Jennifer A. , Knoll Lesley B. , Mette Elizabeth M. , Moeller Robert E. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIncreases in terrestrially-derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) have led to the browning of inland waters across regions of northeastern North America and Europe. Short-term experimental and comparative studies highlight the important ecological consequences of browning. These range from transparency-induced increases in thermal stratification and oxygen (O2) depletion to changes in pelagic food web structure and alteration of the important role of inland waters in the global carbon cycle. However, multi-decadal studies that document the net ecological consequences of long-term browning are lacking. Here we show that browning over a 27 year period in two lakes of differing transparency resulted in fundamental changes in vertical habitat gradients and food web structure and that these responses were stronger in the more transparent lake. Surface water temperatures increased by 2–3 °C in both lakes in the absence of any changes in air temperature. Water transparency to ultraviolet (UV) radiation showed a fivefold decrease in the more transparent lake. The primary zooplankton grazers decreased and in the more transparent lake were largely replaced by a two trophic level zooplankton community. These findings provide new insights into the net effects of the complex and contrasting mechanisms that underlie the ecosystem consequences of browning.
Molecular spectrum of KRAS, NRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA mutations in Chinese colorectal cancer patients: analysis of 1,110 cases
Authors: Zhang Jing , Zheng Jianming , Yang Yinghong , Lu Junliang , Gao Jie , Lu Tao , Sun Jian , Jiang Hui , Zhu Yan , Zheng Yuhui , Liang Zhiyong , Liu Tonghua 
Published: December 2015

AbstractMutations in genes such as KRAS, NRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA have become an important part of colorectal carcinoma evaluation. The aim of this study was to screen for mutations in these genes in Chinese patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and to explore their correlations with certain clinicopathological parameters. We tested mutations in the KRAS (exons 2, 3 and 4), NRAS (exons 2, 3 and 4), PIK3CA (exon 20) and BRAF (exon 15) genes using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Sanger sequencing in a large cohort of 1,110 Chinese CRC patients who underwent surgical resection at one of three major teaching hospitals located in different regions of China. The prevalence rates of KRAS, NRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA mutations were 45.4%, 3.9%, 3.1% and 3.5%, respectively. Mutant KRAS was associated with the mucinous subtype and greater differentiation, while mutant BRAF was associated with right-sided tumors and poorer differentiation. Our results revealed differences in the genetic profiles of KRAS, NRAS, PIK3CA and BRAF at mutation hotspots between Chinese CRC patients and those of Western countries, while some of these gene features were shared among patients from other Asian countries.
Large and pristine films of reduced graphene oxide
Authors: Ahn Sung Il , Kim Kukjoo , Jung Jura , Choi Kyung Cheol 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA new self-assembly concept is introduced to form large and pristine films (15 cm in diameter) of reduced graphene oxide (RGO). The resulting film has different degrees of polarity on its two different sides due to the characteristic nature of the self-assembly process. The RGO film can be easily transferred from a glass substrate onto water and a polymer substrate after injection of water molecules between the RGO film and glass substrate using an electric steamer. The RGO film can also be easily patterned into various shapes with a resolution of around ±10 μm by a simple taping method, which is suitable for mass production of printed electronics at low cost.
Population dynamics and associated factors of cereal aphids and armyworms under global change
Authors: Wang Leyun , Hui Cang , Sandhu Hardev S. , Li Zhihong , Zhao Zihua 
Published: December 2015

AbstractStudying the impacts of global change, which comprises largely climate and landscape changes, on agricultural pests is crucial for developing sustainable pest management. This research is focused on understanding the factors associated with population dynamics of cereal aphids and armyworms feeding on wheat in Henan province in China from 1987 to 2010. Association between changes in climate (temperature, precipitation and relative humidity) and agricultural characteristics (wheat proportion, crop diversity, fertilizer input and wheat yield per unit area) and damage from cereal aphids and armyworms were examined. Cereal aphid damage has been rising, while armyworm damage had no obvious trends, but with strong year-to-year fluctuations. The analysis indicates that the factors most strongly associated with the population dynamics of cereal aphids are fertilizer input and mean temperature in February, while the population dynamics of armyworms is significantly related to precipitation in May. By comparing the characteristics of these two agricultural pests, we identify possible reasons for the disparity between their associated factors, which are related to the differences in their foraging behaviour, host range, migration capacity and life history. These results may contribute to developing ecologically based pest management for cereal aphids and armyworms under global change.
Cell Nucleus-Targeting Zwitterionic Carbon Dots
Authors: Jung Yun Kyung , Shin Eeseul , Kim Byeong-Su 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAn innovative nucleus-targeting zwitterionic carbon dot (CD) vehicle has been developed for anticancer drug delivery and optical monitoring. The zwitterionic functional groups of the CDs introduced by a simple one-step synthesis using β-alanine as a passivating and zwitterionic ligand allow cytoplasmic uptake and subsequent nuclear translocation of the CDs. Moreover, multicolor fluorescence improves the accuracy of the CDs as an optical code. The CD-based drug delivery system constructed by non-covalent grafting of doxorubicin, exhibits superior antitumor efficacy owing to enhanced nuclear delivery in vitro and tumor accumulation in vivo, resulting in highly effective tumor growth inhibition. Since the zwitterionic CDs are highly biocompatible and effectively translocated into the nucleus, it provides a compelling solution to a multifunctional nanoparticle for substantially enhanced nuclear uptake of drugs and optical monitoring of translocation.
Who’s in charge? Corporations as institutions of global governance
Authors: May Christopher 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn most accounts of global governance, where corporations are included, they are seen as either subject to various international organisations’ regulatory impact or are identified as having (benign or malign) influence over agenda setting around the scope and practices of global regulation. However, here I examine a third dimension that has hitherto been under recognised: this article starts to develop an analysis of the terrain that global corporations govern themselves, sometime singularly, sometimes collectively and sometimes collaborating with the more “normal” institutions of global governance. I seek to develop an account of how the corporation governs this terrain and the mechanisms that businesses have developed (or utilised) to maintain their authority. I suggest that it makes sense to understand global corporations as directly analogous to more “normal” institutions of global governance, and that discussion and analysis of global governance needs to integrate this third dimension if it is to examine the full spectrum of governance beyond the state. This article is published as part of a thematic collection dedicated to global governance.
Vapnik-Chervonenkis density in some theories without the independence property, I
Authors: Aschenbrenner Matthias , Dolich Alf , Haskell Deirdre , Macpherson Dugald , Starchenko Sergei 
Published: December 2015

We recast the problem of calculating Vapnik-Chervonenkis (VC) density into one of counting types, and thereby calculate bounds (often optimal) on the VC density for some weakly o-minimal, weakly quasi-o-minimal, and

P
P

-minimal theories.
Creating value for participants in multistakeholder alliances
Authors: D’Aunno Thomas , Alexander Jeffrey A. , Jiang Lan 
Published: December 2015

Background:
Multistakeholder alliances that bring together diverse organizations to work on health-related issues are playing an increasingly prominent role in the U.S. health care system. Prior research shows that collaborative decision-making and effective leadership are related to members’ perceptions of value for their participation in alliances. Yet, we know little about how collaborative decision-making and leadership might matter over time in multistakeholder alliances.

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to advance understanding of the role of collaborative decision-making and leadership in individuals’ assessments of the benefits and costs of their participation in multistakeholder alliances over time.

Methods:
We draw on data collected from three rounds of surveys of alliance members (2007–2012) who participated in the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation’s Aligning Forces for Quality program.

Findings:
Results from regression analyses indicate that individuals’ perceptions of value for their participation in alliances shift over time: Perceived value is higher with collaborative decision-making when alliances are first formed and higher with more effective leadership as time passes after alliance formation.

Practice Implications:
Leaders of multistakeholder alliances may need to vary their behavior over time, shifting their emphasis from inclusive decision-making to task achievement.
Unusual rash accompanied by enterovirus infection and human bocavirus co-infection in a 9-week-old infant in Cologne, Germany
Authors: Korsch Eckhard , Pieper Monika , Schildgen Verena , Schildgen Oliver , Brockmann Michael 
Published: December 2015

Introduction:
The family Picornaviridae is divided into several genera, including the genus Enterovirus, which includes the species Human enterovirus A to -C and Human rhinovirus A to −C. These viruses are frequently associated with respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases. Coxsackie virus and echoviruses can induce a rash in children, such as hand-foot-and-mouth disease caused by coxsackie virus A16, while rhinoviruses are associated mainly with respiratory infections.

Case presentation:
We describe a clinical case of mild rhinitis in a 9-week-old female infant with HBoV and enterovirus co-infection accompanied by an unusual rash that strongly resembled granuloma annulare, having plaques with raised non-scaly erythematous borders. The child was afebrile, displayed a garland-like rash that within minutes changed its pattern and had moderately elevated expression of tryptase. No other pathogens were detected.

Conclusion:
It was concluded that the rash originated from the double infection with enterovirus and HBoV, as no further rash-associated pathogens were detected. The case is important as it is the first description, to the best of our knowledge, of this unusual rash seen with enterovirus/HBoV co-infection, and as this condition should be taken into account in future.
Role of experience and luck in management success: an interview with R.V. Kanoria, Managing Director of Kanoria Chemicals
&
Industries Ltd.
Authors: Prabhakar Guru Prakash , Saran Pankaj 
Published: December 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies.

Design/methodology/approach
– This briefing is prepared by independent writers who add their own impartial comments and place the articles in context.

Findings
– The role of luck in a leader’s success is not scientifically proven. But many leaders do advocate the efficacy of the luck factor behind a leader’s success.

Practical implications
– The paper provides strategic insights and practical thinking that have influenced some of the world’s leading organizations.

Originality/value
– The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.