bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Routes to Chaos Induced by a Discontinuous Resetting Process in a Hybrid Spiking Neuron Model
Authors: Nobukawa Sou , Nishimura Haruhiko , Yamanishi Teruya 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSeveral hybrid spiking neuron models combining continuous spike generation mechanisms and discontinuous resetting processes following spiking have been proposed. The Izhikevich neuron model, for example, can reproduce many spiking patterns. This model clearly possesses various types of bifurcations and routes to chaos under the effect of a state-dependent jump in the resetting process. In this study, we focus further on the relation between chaotic behaviour and the state-dependent jump, approaching the subject by comparing spiking neuron model versions with and without the resetting process. We first adopt a continuous two-dimensional spiking neuron model in which the orbit in the spiking state does not exhibit divergent behaviour. We then insert the resetting process into the model. An evaluation using the Lyapunov exponent with a saltation matrix and a characteristic multiplier of the Poincar’e map reveals that two types of chaotic behaviour (i.e. bursting chaotic spikes and near-period-two chaotic spikes) are induced by the resetting process. In addition, we confirm that this chaotic bursting state is generated from the periodic spiking state because of the slow- and fast-scale dynamics that arise when jumping to the hyperpolarization and depolarization regions, respectively.
Magnetoelectricity of CoFe2O4 and tetragonal phase BiFeO3 nanocomposites prepared by pulsed laser deposition
Authors: Gao Min , Viswan Ravindranath , Tang Xiao , Leung Chung Ming , Li Jiefang , Viehland D. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe coupling between the tetragonal phase (T-phase) of BiFeO3 (BFO) and CoFe2O4 (CFO) in magnetoelectric heterostructures has been studied. Bilayers of CFO and BFO were deposited on (001) LaAlO3 single crystal substrates by pulsed laser deposition. After 30 min of annealing, the CFO top layer exhibited a T-phase-like structure, developing a platform-like morphology with BFO. Magnetic hysteresis loops exhibited a strong thickness effect of the CFO layer on the coercive field, in particular along the out-of-plane direction. Magnetic force microscopy images revealed that the T-phase CFO platform contained multiple magnetic domains, which could be tuned by applying a tip bias. A combination of shape, strain, and exchange coupling effects are used to explain the observations.
Sweep Dynamics (SD) plots: Computational identification of selective sweeps to monitor the adaptation of influenza A viruses
Authors: Klingen Thorsten R. , Reimering Susanne , Loers Jens , Mooren Kyra , Klawonn Frank , Krey Thomas , Gabriel Gülsah , McHardy Alice C. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMonitoring changes in influenza A virus genomes is crucial to understand its rapid evolution and adaptation to changing conditions e.g. establishment within novel host species. Selective sweeps represent a rapid mode of adaptation and are typically observed in human influenza A viruses. We describe Sweep Dynamics (SD) plots, a computational method combining phylogenetic algorithms with statistical techniques to characterize the molecular adaptation of rapidly evolving viruses from longitudinal sequence data. SD plots facilitate the identification of selective sweeps, the time periods in which these occurred and associated changes providing a selective advantage to the virus. We studied the past genome-wide adaptation of the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza A (pH1N1) and seasonal H3N2 influenza A (sH3N2) viruses. The pH1N1 influenza virus showed simultaneous amino acid changes in various proteins, particularly in seasons of high pH1N1 activity. Partially, these changes resulted in functional alterations facilitating sustained human-to-human transmission. In the evolution of sH3N2 influenza viruses, we detected changes characterizing vaccine strains, which were occasionally revealed in selective sweeps one season prior to the WHO recommendation. Taken together, SD plots allow monitoring and characterizing the adaptive evolution of influenza A viruses by identifying selective sweeps and their associated signatures.
Auditory Neural Activity in Congenitally Deaf Mice Induced by Infrared Neural Stimulation
Authors: Tan Xiaodong , Jahan Israt , Xu Yingyue , Stock Stuart , Kwan Changyow Claire , Soriano Carmen , Xiao Xianghui , García-Añoveros Jaime , Fritzsch Bernd , Richter Claus-Peter 
Published: January 2018

AbstractTo determine whether responses during infrared neural stimulation (INS) result from the direct interaction with spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs), we tested three genetically modified deaf mouse models: Atoh1-cre; Atoh1
f/f
(Atoh1 conditional knockout, CKO), Atoh1-cre; Atoh1
f/kiNeurog1
(Neurog1 knockin, KI), and the Vglut3 knockout (Vglut3−/−) mice. All animals were exposed to tone bursts and clicks up to 107 dB (re 20 µPa) and to INS, delivered with a 200 µm optical fiber. The wavelength (λ) was 1860 nm, the radiant energy (Q) 0-800 µJ/pulse, and the pulse width (PW) 100–500 µs. No auditory responses to acoustic stimuli could be evoked in any of these animals. INS could not evoke auditory brainstem responses in Atoh1 CKO mice but could in Neurog1 KI and Vglut3−/− mice. X-ray micro-computed tomography of the cochleae showed that responses correlated with the presence of SGNs and hair cells. Results in Neurog1 KI mice do not support a mechanical stimulation through the vibration of the basilar membrane, but cannot rule out the direct activation of the inner hair cells. Results in Vglut3−/− mice, which have no synaptic transmission between inner hair cells and SGNs, suggested that hair cells are not required.
Overexpression of a constitutively active truncated form of OsCDPK1 confers disease resistance by affecting OsPR10a expression in rice
Authors: He Siou-Luan , Jiang Jian-Zhi , Chen Bo-Hong , Kuo Chun-Hsiang , Ho Shin-Lon 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe rice pathogenesis-related protein OsPR10a was scarcely expressed in OsCDPK1-silenced (Ri-1) rice, which was highly sensitive to pathogen infection. After inoculating the leaves with bacterial blight (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae; Xoo), we found that the expression of OsPR10a was up- and down-regulated in OEtr-1 (overexpression of the constitutively active truncated form of OsCDPK1) and Ri-1 rice plants, respectively. OsPR10a and OsCDPK1 showed corresponding expression patterns and were up-regulated in response to the jasmonic acid, salicylic acid and Xoo treatments, and OsPR1 and OsPR4 were significantly up-regulated in OEtr-1. These results suggest that OsCDPK1 may be an upstream regulator involved in rice innate immunity and conferred broad-spectrum of disease resistance. Following the Xoo inoculation, the OEtr-1 and Ri-1 seedlings showed enhanced and reduced disease resistance, respectively. The dihybrid rice Ri-1/OsPR10a-Ox not only bypassed the effect of OsCDPK1 silencing on the susceptibility to Xoo but also showed enhanced disease resistance and, consistent with Ri-1 phenotypes, increased plant height and grain size. Our results reveal that OsCDPK1 plays novel key roles in the cross-talk and mediation of the balance between stress response and development and provides a clue for improving grain yield and disease resistance simultaneously in rice.
Evaluation of a developmental hierarchy for breast cancer cells to assess risk-based patient selection for targeted treatment
Authors: Bliss Sarah A. , Paul Sunirmal , Pobiarzyn Piotr W. , Ayer Seda , Sinha Garima , Pant Saumya , Hilton Holly , Sharma Neha , Cunha Maria F. , Engelberth Daniel J. , Greco Steven J. , Bryan Margarette , Kucia Magdalena J. , Kakar Sham S. , Ratajczak Mariusz Z. , Rameshwar Pranela 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis study proposes that a novel developmental hierarchy of breast cancer (BC) cells (BCCs) could predict treatment response and outcome. The continued challenge to treat BC requires stratification of BCCs into distinct subsets. This would provide insights on how BCCs evade treatment and adapt dormancy for decades. We selected three subsets, based on the relative expression of octamer-binding transcription factor 4 A (Oct4A) and then analysed each with Affymetrix gene chip. Oct4A is a stem cell gene and would separate subsets based on maturation. Data analyses and gene validation identified three membrane proteins, TMEM98, GPR64 and FAT4. BCCs from cell lines and blood from BC patients were analysed for these three membrane proteins by flow cytometry, along with known markers of cancer stem cells (CSCs), CD44, CD24 and Oct4, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) activity and telomere length. A novel working hierarchy of BCCs was established with the most immature subset as CSCs. This group was further subdivided into long- and short-term CSCs. Analyses of 20 post-treatment blood indicated that circulating CSCs and early BC progenitors may be associated with recurrence or early death. These results suggest that the novel hierarchy may predict treatment response and prognosis.
Trophic transfer and individual impact of nano-sized polystyrene in a four-species freshwater food chain
Authors: Chae Yooeun , Kim Dokyung , Kim Shin Woong , An Youn-Joo 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis study investigated the trophic transfer, individual impact, and embryonic uptake of fluorescent nano-sized polystyrene plastics (nanoplastics) through direct exposure in a freshwater ecosystem, with a food chain containing four species. The alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, water flea Daphnia magna, secondary-consumer fish Oryzias sinensis, and end-consumer fish Zacco temminckii were used as test species. In the trophic transfer test, algae were exposed to 50 mg/L nanoplastics, defined as plastic particles <100 nm in diameter; higher trophic level organisms were exposed through their diet. In the direct exposure test, each species was directly exposed to nanoplastics. Microscopic analysis confirmed that the nanoplastics adhered to the surface of the primary producer and were present in the digestive organs of the higher trophic level species. Nanoplastics also negatively affected fish activity, as measured by distance traveled and area covered, and induced histopathological changes in the livers of fish that were directly exposed. Additionally, nanoplastics penetrated the embryo walls and were present in the yolk sac of hatched juveniles. These observations clearly show that nanoplastics are easily transferred through food chain, albeit because of high experimental dosages. Nevertheless, the results strongly point to the potential health risks of nanoplastic exposure.
Body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-to-height ratio for prediction of multiple metabolic risk factors in Chinese elderly population
Authors: Gu Zhan , Li Dong , He Huayu , Wang Jianying , Hu Xiaojuan , Zhang Peihua , Hong Yanlong , Liu Baocheng , Zhang Lei , Ji Guang 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare the predictive ability of five obesity indices, including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), waist-to-hip ratio (WHpR) and body adiposity index (BAI), to predict multiple non-adipose metabolic risk factors, including elevated blood pressure (BP), elevated fasting plasma glucose (FPG), elevated triglyceride (TG), reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), elevated serum uric acid (SUA) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), in an elderly Chinese population. A total of 5685 elderly Chinese subjects (≥60 years) were recruited into our community-based cross-sectional study. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analyses were used to compare the predictive ability as well as determine the optimal cut-off values of the obesity indices for multiple metabolic risk factors. According to the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), BMI, WC and WHtR were able to similarly predict high metabolic risk in males (0.698 vs. 0.691 vs. 0.688), while in females, BMI and WC were able to similarly predict high metabolic risk (0.676 vs. 0.669). The optimal cut-off values of BMI, WC and WHtR in males were, respectively, 24.12 kg/m2, 83.5 cm and 0.51, while in females, the values were 23.53 kg/m2 and 77.5 cm.
Evaluation of Brain Activity Using Near-infrared Spectroscopy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients
Authors: Fujiwara Tatsuo , Kono Soichi , Katakura Kyoko , Abe Kazumichi , Takahashi Atsushi , Gunji Naohiko , Yokokawa Aki , Kawashima Kazumasa , Suzuki Rieko , Wada Akira , Miura Itaru , Yabe Hirooki , Ohira Hiromasa 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDepression is implicated as a risk factor for the recurrence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are useful tools for evaluation of brain activity and a depressive state, respectively. The aim of this study was to clarify the association between brain activity or depressive symptoms and IBD using NIRS and BDNF. This study included 36 ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, 32 Crohn’s disease (CD) patients, and 17 healthy controls (HC). Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) scores were determined, NIRS was performed, and serum BDNF levels were measured in all subjects. NIRS showed that the mean oxygenated hemoglobin concentration was significantly lower in the frontal lobe in the UC group than in the HC group (HC 167 ± 106 vs. UC 83.1 ± 85.3, p < 0.05). No significant difference was seen between the HC and CD groups. There were also no significant differences in CED-D scores and BDNF levels among the groups. Changes in the NIRS values of the UC group may indicate decreased brain activity and a fundamental difference between UC and CD, which are often lumped together as two types of IBD.
Cryptic transmission of ST405 Escherichia coli carrying bla
NDM-4 in hospital
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxia , Feng Yu , Zhou Weilong , McNally Alan , Zong Zhiyong 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThree carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli were recovered from rectal swabs of different patients in a tertiary hospital and were found carrying blaNDM-4, an uncommon blaNDM variant. Genome sequences of the isolates were obtained using Illumina technology and the long-read MinION sequencer. The isolates belonged to ST405 and phylogenetic group D, a globally distributed lineage associated with antimicrobial resistance. In addition to blaNDM-4, the three isolates carried 14 known resistance genes including the extended-spectrum β-lactamase gene blaCTX-M-15. There were only 1 or 2 SNPs between the isolates, suggesting a common origin and cryptic transmission in hospital. blaNDM-4 was located on a 46.5-kb IncFIA self-transmissible plasmid, which may facilitate further dissemination of blaNDM-4. Two copies of IS26 bracketed a 14.6-kb region containing blaNDM-4 and have the potential to form a composite transposon for mediating the mobilization of blaNDM-4.
94‐GHz 360° reflective‐type phase shifter with minimal loss variation using triple‐resonating load technique
Authors: Gu Peng , Zhao Dixian 
Published: January 2018

This Letter reports a 360° reflective‐type phase shifter in 100‐nm InGaAs pHEMT technology. A triple‐resonating load technique is proposed and the optimum conditions are derived to achieve full 360° phase‐shift range and minimise the insertion loss variation. The implemented reflective‐type phase shifter achieves a measured phase‐shift range of 360° and an insertion loss of at 94 GHz. Measured return loss is better than 14 dB across 360° phase‐shift range.
Abundance patterns of the light neutron-capture elements in very and extremely metal-poor stars
Authors: Spite F. , Spite M. , Barbuy B. , Bonifacio P. , Caffau E. , François P. 
Published: January 2018

Aims. The abundance patterns of the neutron-capture elements in metal-poor stars provide a unique record of the nucleosynthesis products of the earlier massive primitive objects.
Methods. We measured new abundances of so-called light neutron-capture of first peak elements using local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) 1D analysis; this analysis resulted in a sample of 11 very metal-poor stars, from [Fe/H] = –2.5 to [Fe/H] = –3.4, and one carbon-rich star, CS 22949-037 with [Fe/H] = –4.0. The abundances were compared to those observed in two classical metal-poor stars: the typical r-rich star CS 31082-001 ([Eu/Fe] > +1.0) and the r-poor star HD 122563 ([Eu/Fe] < 0.0), which are known to present a strong enrichment of the first peak neutron-capture elements relative to the second peak.
Results. Within the first peak, the abundances are well correlated in analogy to the well-known correlation inside the abundances of the second-peak elements. In contrast, there is no correlation between any first peak element with any second peak element. We show that the scatter of the ratio of the first peak abundance over second peak abundance increases when the mean abundance of the second peak elements decreases from r-rich to r-poor stars. We found two new r-poor stars that are very similar to HD 122563. A third r-poor star, CS 22897-008, is even more extreme; this star shows the most extreme example of first peak elements enrichment to date. On the contrary, another r-poor star (BD–18 5550) has a pattern of first peak elements that is similar to the typical r-rich stars CS 31082-001, however this star has some Mo enrichment.
Conclusions. The distribution of the neutron-capture elements in our very metal-poor stars can be understood as the combination of at least two mechanisms: one that enriches the forming stars cloud homogeneously through the main r-process and leads to an element pattern similar to the r-rich stars, such as CS 31082-001; and another that forms mainly lighter, first peak elements.
Syndromic Hearing Loss: A Brief Review of Common Presentations and Genetics
Authors: Gettelfinger John , Dahl John 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCongenital hearing loss is one of the most common birth defects worldwide, with around 1 in 500 people experiencing some form of severe hearing loss. While over 400 different syndromes involving hearing loss have been described, it is important to be familiar with a wide range of syndromes involving hearing loss so an early diagnosis can be made and early intervention can be pursued to maximize functional hearing and speech-language development in the setting of verbal communication. This review aims to describe the presentation and genetics for some of the most frequently occurring syndromes involving hearing loss, including neurofibromatosis type 2, branchio-oto-renal syndrome, Treacher Collins syndrome, Stickler syndrome, Waardenburg syndrome, Pendred syndrome, Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome, Usher syndromes, Refsum disease, Alport syndrome, MELAS, and MERRF.
Milbenallergie im HNO-Bereich: Bedeutung, Diagnostik und Therapieoptionen
Authors: Klimek Ludger , Gröger Moritz , Becker Sven 
Published: January 2018

ZusammenfassungDie allergische Rhinitis betrifft ca. 20 % der Gesamtpopulation in Deutschland, ca. ein Drittel dieser Patienten ist von einer
persistierenden Rhinitis aufgrund einer Milbenallergie betroffen 2. Bei Patienten mit perennialer
Rhinitis allergica ist die Erkrankung besonders häufig mit anderen allergisch bedingten Komorbiditäten wie Asthma bronchiale, atopischem
Ekzem, Schlafstörungen, chronischer Sinusitis oder Tubenfunktionsstörungen assoziiert.
Sexualpädagogische Arbeit mit jungen Geflüchteten – Ein Praxiseinblick
Authors: Witz Christina , Jannink Helge 
Published: January 2018

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Praxisbeitrag werden zwei Projekte vorgestellt, die der Autor und die Autorin unabhängig voneinander durchgeführt haben, und die
zeitlich vor und nach der großen in Deutschland bemerkbaren Fluchtbewegung 2015 liegen: Christina Witz hat von Juni 2013 bis Dezember 2014
im Medienzentrum der GWA St. Pauli Hamburg in einem Langzeitprojekt mit jungen farsischsprachigen Frauen den Kurzfilm „Gut zu wissen –
Besuch bei der Frauenärztin“ erarbeitet. Helge Jannink hat im Rahmen des sexualpädagogischen Angebots des Familienplanungszentrums e. V.
Hamburg im Jahr 2016 mehrere Kurzzeitveranstaltungen für männliche unbegleitete minderjährige Geflüchtete durchgeführt. Sexualpädagogische
Arbeit mit jungen Geflüchteten wird exemplarisch anhand dieser beiden Lang- bzw. Kurzzeitprojekte vorgestellt und abschließend wird die
Frage diskutiert, ob sich im Zusammenhang mit der Zielgruppe der Geflüchteten Unterschiede zur klassischen sexualpädagogischen Praxis
ausmachen lassen.
Jubiläumsbeitrag: Minima sexualia zu 30 Jahren Zeitschrift für Sexualforschung
Authors: Volkmar Sigusch 
Published: January 2018

ZusammenfassungAnlässlich des 30jährigen Jubiläums der Zeitschrift für Sexualforschung gibt der Gründungsherausgeber der Zeitschrift für Sexualforschung,
der für das damalige Heft 1 den Eröffnungsessay „Was heißt kritische Sexualwissenschaft?“ verfasst hat, einige Minima kritischer
Sexualwissenschaft zum Erinnern und Nachdenken.
Amentoflavone Inhibits Osteoclastogenesis and Wear Debris-Induced Osteolysis via Suppressing NF-κB and MAPKs Signaling Pathways
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Zhao Shuai , Li Xiaolei , Zhuo Xiaoqi , Zhang Wu , Nie Qian , Wang Shuguang , Yan Lianqi , Sun Yu 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWear debris-induced osteolysis is one of the major reasons for subsequent aseptic loosening after cementless hip arthroplasty. Increasing evidence suggests that receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) ligand-mediated osteoclastogenesis and osteolysis are responsible for wear debris-induced aseptic loosening. In the present study, we explored the effect of amentoflavone (AMF) on inhibiting osteoclast generation and wear debris-induced osteolysis in vitro and in vivo. Twenty-four male C57BL/J6 mice were randomly divided into four groups: a sham group and groups with titanium wear debris treatment followed by intraperitoneal injection of various concentrations of AMF (0, 20, and 40 mg/kg/day). The micro computed tomography scanning and histological analysis were performed. Bone marrow-derived macrophages were cultured to investigate the effect of AMF on osteoclast generation and function. The results showed that AMF suppressed osteoclastogenesis, F-actin ring formation, and bone absorption without cytotoxicity. AMF prevented titanium wear debris-induced osteolysis in mice. AMF suppressed the relative proteins of NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) signaling pathways. Thus, the present study suggests that AMF derived from plants could inhibit osteoclastogenesis and titanium wear debris-induced osteolysis via suppressing NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathways.
Current Perspectives on Biotechnological Cannabinoid Production in Plants
Authors: Schachtsiek Julia , Warzecha Heribert , Kayser Oliver , Stehle Felix 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe plant Cannabis sativa contains a number of psychoactive chemical compounds, the cannabinoids, which possess a significant pharmaceutical potential. Recently, the usage of Cannabis for medicinal purposes was legalized in many countries. Thus, the study on the influence of different cannabinoids in combination with other Cannabis-derived compounds with respect to the treatment of various diseases becomes increasingly important. Besides the production of distinct cannabinoids in a heterologous host, like tobacco or yeast, transgenic Cannabis plants would be a suitable alternative to modify and therefore optimize the cannabinoid profile. This perspective highlights the current efforts on Cannabis cell culture systems, in vitro propagation, and transformation of the plant and reveals the resulting opportunities concerning biotechnological production of cannabinoids. Furthermore, alternative platform organisms for the heterologous production of cannabinoids, like tobacco, are considered and evaluated.