bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathophysiology‐based treatment of urolithiasis
Authors: Yasui Takahiro , Okada Atsushi , Hamamoto Shuzo , Ando Ryosuke , Taguchi Kazumi , Tozawa Keiichi , Kohri Kenjiro 
Published: August 2016

AbstractUrolithiasis, a complex multifactorial disease, results from interactions between environmental and genetic factors. Epidemiological studies have shown the association of urolithiasis with a number of lifestyle‐related diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Elucidation of the mechanisms underlying urinary stone formation will enable development of new preventive treatments. The present article reviews the epidemiology, pathophysiology and potential treatment of urolithiasis. Recent literature has shown that oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species could be one such mechanistic pathway. Calcium oxalate crystals adhering to renal tubular cells are incorporated into the cells through the involvement of osteopontin. Stimulation of crystal–cell adhesion impairs acceleration of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore in tubular cells, resulting in mitochondrial collapse, oxidative stress and activation of the apoptotic pathway in the initial steps of renal calcium crystallization. With regard to genetic factors, studies show that single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes encoding calcium‐sensing receptor, vitamin D receptor and osteopontin are correlated with urolithiasis. Genome‐wide association studies have shown that CLDN14 and NPT2 are associated with urolithiasis in Caucasian and Japanese populations, respectively. Thus, single nucleotide polymorphism analysis would aid in the prediction of urolithiasis risk and recurrence. New diagnostic methods and preventive approaches, along with complete removal of stones, will improve the management of urolithiasis.
The Commission, the Single Market and the Crisis: The Limits of Purposeful Opportunism
Authors: Camisão Isabel , Guimarães Maria Helena 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe economic and financial crisis opened a window of opportunity to place the Single Market back on top of the European agenda as part of a two‐tiered crisis response, which also included reinforced financial supervision and economic co‐ordination. We argue that the Commission acted as a ‘purposeful opportunist’ in both tiers; but whereas in economic governance issues there was breakthrough change in the Commission's achievements and competences, in the Single Market realm policy change was fairly modest. Using process tracing analysis our goal is to explain why the Commission did not succeed in furthering a genuine Single Market reform. Our findings suggest that the Commission's entrepreneurship was constrained by the limited salience of Single Market issues in the crisis context and by the lack of actual political commitment from the other relevant stakeholders. Thus, our research highlights the limits of the Commission's opportunistic behaviour in less advantageous circumstances.
Transmission modes and the evolution of feminizing symbionts
Authors: Ferdy J.‐B. , Liu N. , Sicard M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractVertically transmitted symbionts can distort their host's reproduction to increase their own transmission. In Wolbachia and some other symbionts, a particular distortion of this sort is feminization, whereby genetic males, which cannot transmit symbionts, are converted during development into functional females, which do transmit symbionts when they reproduce. In this work, we propose a model to study how feminization intensity (i.e. penetrance) can evolve under different ecological constraints in WZ/ZZ hosts. More specifically, our model incorporates both imperfect vertical and horizontal transmission modes. The model shows that for most parameter values feminizing symbionts drive genetic females to extinction, which in turn favours the evolution of maximum feminization penetrance. Once genetic females are extinct, the actual value of feminization penetrance never depends on the efficiency of vertical transmission. Instead, the model shows that in conditions where the reproductive rate is high at demographic equilibrium, higher feminization levels are favoured. One consequence of this can be, for example, that evolutionarily stable feminization penetrance increases with the host's natural death rate, just as the virulence is predicted to do with the host's natural death rate in classic epidemiological models. Finally, we found that horizontal transmission had no impact on how feminization penetrance evolved when genetic females were extinct. However, horizontal transmission can permit genetic females to coexist with symbionts and, in this case, we demonstrate that the presence of genetic females selects symbionts for lower feminization penetrance.
Prevalence, diagnostics and management of musculoskeletal disorders in primary health care in Sweden – an investigation of 2000 randomly selected patient records
Authors: Wiitavaara Birgitta , Fahlström Martin , Djupsjöbacka Mats 
Published: August 2016

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesThe aims of this study is to investigate the prevalence of patients seeking care due to different musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) at primary health care centres (PHCs), to chart different factors such as symptoms, diagnosis and actions prescribed for patients that visited the PHCs due to MSD and to make comparisons regarding differences due to gender, age and rural or urban PHC.MethodsPatient records (2000) for patients in working age were randomly selected equally distributed on one rural and one urban PHC. A 3‐year period was reviewed retrospectively. For all patient records' background data, cause to the visit and diagnosis were registered. For visits due to MSD, type and location of symptoms and actions to resolve the patients problems were registered. Data was analysed using cross tabulation, multidimensional chi‐squared.ResultsThe prevalence of MSD was high; almost 60% of all patients were seeking care due to MSD. Upper and lower limb problems were most common. Symptoms were most prevalent in the young and middle age groups. The patients got a variety of different diagnoses, and between 13 and 35% of the patients did not receive a MSD diagnose despite having MSD symptoms. There was a great variation in how the cases were handled.ConclusionsThe present study points out some weaknesses regarding diagnostics and management of MSD in primary care.
Phylogenetic Analyses Support Validity of Genus Eodinium (Ciliophora, Entodiniomorphida, Ophryoscolecidae)
Authors: Cedrola Franciane , Senra Marcus Vinicius Xavier , D'Agosto Marta , Dias Roberto Júnio Pedroso 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe validity of genus Eodinium has been historically disputed due to morphological similarities with Diplodinium (absence of skeletal plates as well as adoral and dorsal ciliary zones at the same body level). To address this issue, the 18S rDNA of four Eodinium posterovesiculatum morphotypes and four Diplodinium anisacanthum morphotypes were sequenced and phylogenetically analyzed. The different inference methods suggest the existence of a last common ancestor of Eodinium and Ostracodinium that is not shared with Diplodinium, strongly supporting the validity of genus Eodinium. Since skeletal plates are present in all members of genus Ostracodinium, the most parsimonious is a secondary loss of skeletal plates in E. posterovesiculatum. This work represents a breakthrough in the taxonomy and phylogeny of the family Ophryoscolecidae indicating that the skeletal plates may not reflect evolutionary divergence within this group of ciliates as traditionally proposed.
Interpersonal Violence and Health in Female University Students in Spain
Authors: Martín‐Baena David , Talavera Marta , Montero‐Piñar Isabel 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundMost studies address the health impact of violence by an intimate partner; therefore, violence exerted by someone other than a partner in university students and its health effects are less known.PurposeThis study aims to analyze the effect of different forms of interpersonal violence on female university students’ health.DesignWomen 18 to 25 years of age enrolled at two schools of the University of Valencia in the academic year 2013–2014 (N = 540) were selected, with a participation rate of 82%. Students were grouped as follows: no lifetime violence, violence by an intimate partner (IPV), other personal violence (OPV), and by both (IPV and OPV). Adjusted logistical regression analysis was performed to assess the effects of the different forms of violence on students’ health.ResultsAs many as 92 students (20.6%) experienced violence at least once in their lives: 46 (10.3%) by an intimate partner, 24 (5.4%) by someone other than a partner, and 22 (4.9%) by both. Abused students are more likely to suffer psychological distress and poor health perception, and more regularly used psychoactive drugs than nonabused students, although the use of medication is higher for those abused by a partner and others. Women who experienced only IPV are more likely to suffer psychological distress (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.78, p < .05, 95% confidence interval [CI; 1.10–2.86]), while those who experienced only OPV are more than twice as likely to perceive their health as poor (aOR = 2.68, p < .05, 95% CI [1.38–5.22]).ConclusionsThe high prevalence of violence and its consistent association with a wide range of female university students’ health problems suggest that violence seriously compromises women's health.Clinical RelevancePrevention programs that promote harmonious social relationships among university students should be implemented.
Safety and efficacy of fixed‐dose 10 mg daily isotretinoin treatment for acne vulgaris in Malaysia
Authors: Yap Felix Boon‐Bin 
Published: August 2016

SummaryIntroductionLow‐dose isotretinoin is used to reduce side effects albeit higher relapse. This study aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of fixed‐dose 10 mg daily isotretinoin for the treatment of acne.MethodsThis prospective study was performed between 2011 and 2015. All 150 patients were given 10 mg daily isotretinoin until a cumulative dose of 90–110 mg/kg.ResultsThe mean age was 26.6 years with 64.7% moderate acne, 29.3% severe, and 6% very severe. The mean cumulative dose was 98.8 ± 6.05 mg/kg. All 150 patients had total clearance with a mean time to clearance of 24.0 weeks. Patients with severe/very severe acne had higher cumulative dosage (102.1 vs. 97.0, P < 0.001) and longer duration to clearance (32.9 weeks vs. 19.1 weeks, P < 0.001). Mild relapse was seen in 4%. The mean time to relapse was 32.3 weeks. Lip dryness was the commonest side effects (100%). Mild transient elevation of liver enzymes was detected in 3.3% and a slight increase of serum lipid in 2.7% with no treatment discontinuation.ConclusionFixed‐dose 10 mg daily treatment with isotretinoin until a cumulative dose of 90–110 mg/kg is safe with low relapse rate.
Quality of life in patients with diabetic foot ulcer in Visegrad countries
Authors: Nemcová Jana , Hlinková Edita , Farský Ivan , Žiaková Katarína , Jarošová Darja , Zeleníková Renáta , Bužgová Radka , Janíková Eva , Zdzieblo Kazimiera , Wiraszka Grazyna , Stepien Renata , Nowak‐Starz Grazyna , Csernus Mariann , Balogh Zoltan 
Published: August 2016

Aims and objectivesTo identify the quality of life of patients with diabetic foot ulcers in the Visegrad countries.BackgroundThe diabetics with foot ulcers are principally evaluated on the basis of physical parameters, but this does not always reveal much about the patient's experience of life with ulceration.DesignThe cross‐sectional study.MethodsThe standardised generic questionnaire World Health Organization Quality of Life‐BREF was used. The sample was made up of 525 participants and the calculations were performed using the IBM spss statistical program.ResultsThe significant negative correlations between demographic data such as age, duration of diabetes mellitus, duration of diabetic ulceration treatment and a lower level of quality of life were found across the sample. The statistically significant differences according to clinical characteristics such as Wagner classification, frequency of foot ulcers, present peripheral vascular disease and pain in terms of quality of life were also revealed. Significant differences of quality of life among Visegrad countries were revealed: Hungary's participants had a worse quality of life than others, while Slovak participants expressed lower satisfaction with their health than Czech.ConclusionsSocio‐demographic factors and clinical characteristics influence the quality of life of patients with diabetic foot ulcer. Significant differences between patients of Visegrad countries were found in all domains of quality of life: physical, psychological, social and environmental.Relevance to clinical practiceThe quality of life of patients with diabetic foot ulcer reflects the conditions and healthcare system in each of the Visegrad countries. We have to respect socio‐demographic factors and clinical characteristics in nursing care. This could have an impact on managing patient care not only with regard to their diabetic foot ulcer but also with regard to the patient as a personality with their own problems in relation to physical, psychosocial and environmental conditions.
Communication between nurses and family caregivers of hospitalised older persons: a literature review
Authors: Bélanger Louise , Bourbonnais Anne , Bernier Roxanne , Benoit Monique 
Published: August 2016

Aims and objectivesTo review the literature concerning the feelings, thoughts and behaviours of nurses and family caregivers of hospitalised older persons when they communicate with one another.BackgroundCommunication between nurses and family caregivers of hospitalised older persons is not always optimal. Improving the frequency and quality of this communication might be a way to make the most of available human capital in order to better care for hospitalised older people.DesignA literature review was carried out of qualitative, quantitative and mixed‐design studies relating to communication between nurses and family caregivers. Findings were analysed thematically.ResultsFamily caregiver thoughts, feelings and behaviours relative to nurse control and authority, nurse recognition of their contribution, information received from and shared with nurses and care satisfaction could influence communication with nurses. Nurse thoughts regarding usefulness of family caregivers as care partners and their lack of availability to meet family caregiver demands could influence communication with family caregivers.ConclusionsThe thoughts, feelings and behaviours of family caregivers and nurses that might create positive or negative circular patterns of communication are evidenced. Further research is required to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon.Relevance to clinical practiceNurses must be trained in how to communicate with family caregivers in order to form a partnership geared to preventing complications in hospitalised older persons. Results could be used to inform policy regarding the care of hospitalised older persons.
Seasonal variations in sleep disorders of nurses
Authors: Chang Yuanmay , Lam Calvin , Chen Su‐Ru , Sithole Trevor , Chung Min‐Huey 
Published: August 2016

Aims and objectivesTo investigate the difference between nurses and the general population regarding seasonal variations in sleep disorders during 2004–2008. The effects of season and group interaction on sleep disorders with regard to different comorbidities were also examined.BackgroundStudies on seasonal variations in sleep disorders were mainly conducted in Norway for the general population. Furthermore, whether different comorbidities cause seasonal variations in sleep disorders in nurses remains unknown.DesignA retrospective study.MethodsData from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database were used in generalised estimating equation Poisson distribution models to investigate the differences in sleep disorders between nurses and the general population diagnosed with sleep disorders (each n = 7643) as well as the interaction effects of sleep disorders between the groups with respect to different seasons. Furthermore, the interaction effects between groups and seasons on sleep disorders in the subgroups of comorbid anxiety disorders and depressive disorders were studied.ResultsBoth the nurses and the general population had fewer outpatient visits for sleep disorders in winter than in other seasons. The nurses had fewer outpatient visits for sleep disorders than the general population did in each season. The nurses had more outpatient visits for sleep disorders in winter than in summer compared with the general population in the comorbid depressive disorder subgroup but not in the comorbid anxiety disorder subgroup.ConclusionsNurses and the general population exhibited similar seasonal patterns of sleep disorders, but nurses had fewer outpatient visits for sleep disorders than the general population did in each season. For nurses with comorbid depressive disorders, outpatient visits for sleep disorders were more numerous in winter than in summer, potentially because nurses with comorbid depressive disorders are affected by shorter daylight exposure during winter.Relevance to clinical practiceDepression and daylight exposure may be considered in mitigating sleep disorders in nurses.
Susceptibility Etching on MRI in Patients with Microangiopathy
Authors: Chang Jennifer , Arani Keerthi , Chew Sheena , Frosch Matthew P. , Gonzalez R. Gilberto , Maza Noor , Romero Javier M. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDWe detected a novel imaging sign, which consists of a specific imaging pattern of diffuse susceptibility effect, delineating the cortical‐subcortical junction on high‐resolution susceptibility‐weighted images (SWIs). We describe magnetic resonance imaging findings in 10 patients with “susceptibility etching” and possible association with their abnormal coagulation profile.MATERIALS/METHODSA retrospective case series study with a search for cases that demonstrated susceptibility effect at the cortical‐subcortical junction on SWI sequences was performed. The patients’ respective coagulation profiles including prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen, D‐dimer values, and platelet counts were reviewed. In addition, clinical history and neurological deficits were recorded.RESULTSWe identified 10 patients with the “susceptibility etching” pattern at the cortical‐subcortical junction. All patients were acutely ill and had a significantly elevated D‐dimer (4,309 mcg/L to >10,000 mcg/L) with variably reduced platelet count. Two patients had reduced fibrinogen and 5 patients had prolonged international normalized ratio. Of the 10 patients, 4 died during hospitalization, within a few days of imaging. Pathology of 1 patient at autopsy demonstrated findings suggestive of a microvascular thrombotic or embolic event without overt parenchymal microhemorrhage.CONCLUSIONIn this preliminary case series, we describe patients with “susceptibility etching” on SWI who were also found to have profound coagulation impairment. While other comorbities may also contribute to this novel sign, we suggest that a possible etiology may be secondary to microvascular in situ formation of fine thrombi and/or emboli lodged into an area of vascular caliber reduction and maybe related to thrombotic microangiopathy.
Adaptive genomic divergence under high gene flow between freshwater and brackish‐water ecotypes of prickly sculpin (Cottus asper) revealed by Pool‐Seq
Authors: Dennenmoser Stefan , Vamosi Steven M. , Nolte Arne W. , Rogers Sean M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractUnderstanding the genomic basis of adaptive divergence in the presence of gene flow remains a major challenge in evolutionary biology. In prickly sculpin (Cottus asper), an abundant euryhaline fish in northwestern North America, high genetic connectivity among brackish‐water (estuarine) and freshwater (tributary) habitats of coastal rivers does not preclude the build‐up of neutral genetic differentiation and emergence of different life history strategies. Because these two habitats present different osmotic niches, we predicted high genetic differentiation at known teleost candidate genes underlying salinity tolerance and osmoregulation. We applied whole‐genome sequencing of pooled DNA samples (Pool‐Seq) to explore adaptive divergence between two estuarine and two tributary habitats. Paired‐end sequence reads were mapped against genomic contigs of EuropeanCottus, and the gene content of candidate regions was explored based on comparisons with the threespine stickleback genome. Genes showing signals of repeated differentiation among brackish‐water and freshwater habitats included functions such as ion transport and structural permeability in freshwater gills, which suggests that local adaptation to different osmotic niches might contribute to genomic divergence among habitats. Overall, the presence of both repeated and unique signatures of differentiation across many loci scattered throughout the genome is consistent with polygenic adaptation from standing genetic variation and locally variable selection pressures in the early stages of life history divergence.
Complete mitochondrial genomes from the ferns Ophioglossum californicum and Psilotum nudum are highly repetitive with the largest organellar introns
Authors: Guo Wenhu , Zhu Andan , Fan Weishu , Mower Jeffrey P. 
Published: August 2016

Summary

Currently, complete mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) are available from all major land plant lineages except ferns. Sequencing of fern mitogenomes could shed light on the major evolutionary transitions that established mitogenomic diversity among extant lineages.

In this study, we generated complete mitogenomes from the adder's tongue fern (Ophioglossum californicum) and the whisk fern (Psilotum nudum).

The Psilotum mitogenome (628 kb) contains a rich complement of genes and introns, some of which are the largest of any green plant organellar genome. In the Ophioglossum mitogenome (372 kb), gene and intron content is slightly reduced, including the loss of all four mitochondrial ccm genes. Transcripts of nuclear Ccm genes also were not detected, suggesting loss of the entire mitochondrial cytochrome c maturation pathway from Ophioglossum. Both fern mitogenomes are highly repetitive, yet they show extremely low levels of active recombination. Transcriptomic sequencing uncovered ˜1000 sites of C‐to‐U RNA editing in both species, plus a small number (< 60) of U‐to‐C edit sites.

Overall, the first mitochondrial genomes of ferns show a mix of features shared with lycophytes and/or seed plants and several novel genomic features, enabling a robust reconstruction of the mitogenome in the common ancestor of vascular plants.