bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advancing Network Flow Information Using Collaborative Filtering
Authors: Fernández Diego , Nóvoa Francisco J. , Cacheda Fidel , Carneiro Víctor 
Published: December 2017

Collaborative Filtering algorithms are frequently employed in e-commerce. However, this kind of algorithms can also be useful in other domains. In an information system thousands of bytes are sent through the network every second. Analyzing this data can require too much time and many resources, but it is necessary for ensuring the right operation of the network. Results are used for profiling, security analysis, traffic engineering and many other purposes. Nowadays, as a complement to a deep inspection of the data, it is more and more common to monitor packet flows, since it consumes less resources and it allows to react faster to any network situation. In a typical ow monitoring system, flows are exported to a collector, which stores the information before being analyzed. However, many collectors work based on time slots, so they do not analyze the flows when they are just received, generating a delay. In this work we demonstrate how Collaborative Filtering algorithms can be applied to this new domain. In particular, using information about past flows, these algorithms can anticipate future flows before being captured. This way, time required for detecting and responding to different network situations is reduced.
A Simple Explicit Meta-Model for Probabilistic Design of Dynamic Systems with Multiple Mixed Inputs
Authors: Son Young Kap , Savage Gordon J. 
Published: December 2017

Most systems have multiple inputs that comprise of a mixture of excitations and component parameters. Excitations are different from component parameters in that they are always functions of time. In mechanical systems, these include applied forces, applied displacements, system settings, systems configurations and operating conditions. It would be convenient to include multiple excitations and multiple component parameters in a meta-model to take advantage of the inherent computation speed needed for timely probability-based design optimization. In the development of the meta-model in this paper, we treat the component parameters in the same manner as the excitations and thus, in both cases, form time-sampled vectors. A design-of-experiments training regime creates a single input matrix, and using the mechanistic model, a single output matrix. Finally, a simple, explicit, meta-model is developed that turns an arbitrary vector of contiguous multiple excitations and multiple component parameters into the corresponding output vector (herein, the response). The approach provides an appealing and efficient solution to the multiple, mixed input problem, and in addition, requires only off-the-shelf computer software. The efficacy of the meta-model is shown through probability-based design optimization (PBDO) of a tire-wheel assembly, modelled as a mass-spring-damper system with nonlinear hysteresis, under a combination of practical inputs.
A Nonparametric Phase I Control Chart for Monitoring the Process Variability with Individual Observations Based on Empirical Likelihood Ratio
Authors: Huang Wei-Heng , Yeh Arthur B. 
Published: December 2017

Among the statistical process control (SPC) techniques, the control chart has been proven to be effective in process monitoring. The Shewhart chart is one of the most commonly used control charts for monitoring the process mean and variability based on the assumption that the distribution of the quality characteristic is normal. However, in practice, many quality characteristics are not normally distributed. Most of the existing nonparametric control charts are designed for Phase II monitoring. Little has been done in developing the nonparametric Phase I control charts especially for individual observations. In this work, we propose a new nonparametric Phase I control chart for monitoring the scale parameter based on the empirical likelihood ratio test. The simulation results show that the proposed chart is more effective than the existing charts in terms of signal probability. A real example is used to demonstrate how the proposed chart can be applied in practice.
Enhancing the Infrastructure of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study for Cancer Epidemiology Research: ARIC Cancer
Authors: Joshu Corinne E. , Barber John R. , Coresh Josef , Couper David J. , Mosley Thomas H. , Vitolins Mara Z. , Butler Kenneth R. , Nelson Heather H. , Prizment Anna E. , Selvin Elizabeth , Tooze Janet A. , Visvanathan Kala , Folsom Aaron R. , Platz Elizabeth A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Background: We describe the expansion of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study into a cancer cohort. In 1987 to 1989, ARIC recruited 15,792 participants 45 to 64 years old to be sex (55% female), race (27% black), and geographically diverse. ARIC has exceptional data collected during 6 clinical visits and calls every 6 months, repeated biospecimens, and linkage to Medicare claims data.
Methods: We established a Cancer Coordinating Center to implement infrastructure activities, convened a Working Group for data use, leveraged ARIC staff and procedures, and developed protocols. We initiated a cancer-specific participant contact, added questions to existing contacts, obtained permission to collect medical records and tissue, abstracted records, linked with state cancer registries, and adjudicated cases and characterizing data.
Results: Through 2012, we ascertained and characterized 4,743 incident invasive, first, and subsequent primary cancers among 4,107 participants and 1,660 cancer-related deaths. We generated a total cancer incidence and mortality analytic case file, and analytic case files for bladder, breast, colorectal, liver, lung, pancreas, and prostate cancer incidence, mortality, and case fatality. Adjudication of multiple data sources improved case records and identified cancers not identified via registries. From 2013 onward, we ascertain cases from self-report coupled with medical records. Additional cancer registry linkages are planned.
Conclusions: Compared with starting a new cohort, expanding a cardiovascular cohort into ARIC Cancer was an efficient strategy. Our efforts yielded enhanced case files with 25 years of follow-up.
Impact: Now that the cancer infrastructure is established, ARIC is contributing its unique features to modern cancer epidemiology research. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(3); 295–305. ©2017 AACR.
Association between Dietary Energy Density and Risk of Breast, Endometrial, Ovarian, and Colorectal Cancer among Canadian Women
Authors: Arthur Rhonda , Kirsh Victoria , Rohan Thomas E. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Background: Dietary energy density (DED) is strongly associated with cancer-associated metabolic disorders such as obesity and metabolic syndrome and may thus influence carcinogenesis. However, little is known about its association with cancer. Therefore, we investigated the association of DED with risk of breast, endometrial, ovarian, and colorectal cancers in the Canadian Study of Diet, Lifestyle, and Health.
Methods: We conducted a case–cohort study that included an age-stratified subcohort of 3,120 of the 39,532 female participants who completed self-administered lifestyle and dietary questionnaires at baseline, and in whom, respectively, 922, 188, 104, and 269 incident breast, endometrial, ovarian, and colorectal cancer cases were diagnosed, respectively. We estimated HRs and 95% confidence intervals for the association of DED with risk of these cancers using Cox proportional hazards regression models modified for the case–cohort design.
Results: There was no statistically significant association between DED and risk of breast, endometrial, ovarian, and colorectal cancers.
Conclusions: Our study suggests that DED is not independently associated with risk of breast, endometrial, ovarian, and colorectal cancers among women.
Impact: Further investigation of the association between DED and risk of these cancers in larger prospective studies is warranted, as demonstration of associations may have important implications for primary prevention of these cancers. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 27(3); 338–41. ©2017 AACR.
Down Regulation of the Munc18b-syntaxin-11 Complex and β1-tubulin Impairs Secretion and Spreading in Neonatal Platelets
Authors: Caparrós-Pérez Eva , Teruel-Montoya Raúl , Palma-Barquero Verónica , Torregrosa José , Blanco José , Delgado Juan , Lozano María , Vicente Vicente , Sola-Visner Martha , Rivera José , Martínez Constantino , Ferrer-Marín Francisca 
Published: December 2017

AbstractNeonatal platelets are hyporeactive and show impaired agonist-induced secretion despite no obvious abnormalities in their granules. Here, we examined, for the first time, the ultrastructure of neonatal and adult platelets following agonist activation. Under resting conditions, neonatal and adult platelets appeared ultrastructurally identical. Following agonist stimulation, however, noticeable degranulation occurred in adult platelets, while granules in neonatal platelets remained clearly visible and apparently unable to centralize or fuse. To investigate the underlying mechanisms, we first examined the expression levels of the main SNARE proteins, which mediate the membrane fusion events required for exocytosis. Neonatal platelets showed significantly reduced levels of syntaxin-11 and its regulator, Munc18b. Since granule centralization depends on contraction of the microtubule ring, we also examined the expression of its main component, β1-tubulin. Noteworthy, we found decreased TUBB1 mRNA and protein levels in neonatal platelets, while TUBB2A and TUBB isoforms were overexpressed, partially compensating for that deficiency. Finally, supporting the functional consequences of defective exocytosis, adhesion kinetic assays, performed in plasma-free medium, demonstrated delayed adhesion and spreading of neonatal platelets. This is the first report showing marked reductions of syntaxin-11–Munc18b complex and β1-tubulin in neonatal platelets, indicating that these proteins, required for platelet degranulation, are developmentally regulated.
Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, Safety and Tolerability of Dabigatran Etexilate Oral Liquid Formulation in Infants with Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Halton Jacqueline , Picard Anne-Caroline , Harper Ruth , Huang Fenglei , Brueckmann Martina , Gropper Savion , Maas Hugo , Tartakovsky Igor , Nurmeev Ildar , Mitchell Lesley , Brandão Leonardo , Chalmers Elizabeth , Albisetti Manuela 
Published: December 2017

AbstractVenous thromboembolism (VTE) is more frequent in infants than in older children. Treatment guidelines in children are adapted from adult VTE data, but do not currently include direct oral anticoagulant use. Dabigatran etexilate (DE) use in the paediatric population with VTE therefore requires verification. We investigated the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) relationship, safety and tolerability of DE oral liquid formulation (OLF) in infants with VTE (aged < 12 months) who had completed standard anticoagulant treatment in an open-label, phase IIa study. Patients received a single-dose of DE OLF (based on an age- and weight-adjusted nomogram) yielding an exposure comparable to 150 mg in adults. The PK end point was plasma concentration of total dabigatran; PD end points included activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), ecarin clotting time (ECT) and diluted thrombin time (dTT). Safety end points included incidence of all bleeding and other adverse events (AEs). Ten patients were screened; eight entered the study (age range, 41–169 days). The geometric mean (gMean) total dabigatran plasma concentrations 2 hours post-dose (around peak concentrations) were 120 ng/mL with a geometric coefficient of variation (gCV) of 62.1%. The gMean at 12 hours post-dosing was 60.4 ng/mL (gCV 30%). PK/PD relationship was linear for ECT and dTT (R
2 = 0.858 and 0.920, respectively), while total dabigatran concentration and aPTT showed a non-linear correlation. There were no deaths, treatment discontinuations or treatment-related AEs. In conclusion, DE was well tolerated without any treatment-related AEs in infants. The observed PK/PD relationships were comparable with the established profile in older patients with VTE.
Regional Climate Response Collaboratives: Multi-Institutional Support for Climate Resilience
Authors: Averyt Kristen , Derner Justin D. , Dilling Lisa , Guerrero Rafael , Joyce Linda , McNeeley Shannon , McNie Elizabeth , Morisette Jeffrey , Ojima Dennis , O’Malley Robin , Peck Dannele , Ray Andrea J. , Reeves Matt , Travis William 
Published: December 2017

AbstractFederal investments by U.S. agencies to enhance climate resilience at regional scales grew over the past decade (2010s). To maximize efficiency and effectiveness in serving multiple sectors and scales, it has become critical to leverage existing agency-specific research, infrastructure, and capacity while avoiding redundancy. We discuss lessons learned from a multi-institutional “regional climate response collaborative” that comprises three different federally supported climate service entities in the Rocky Mountain west and northern plains region. These lessons include leveraging different strengths of each partner, creating deliberate mechanisms to increase cross-entity communication and joint ownership of projects, and placing a common priority on stakeholder-relevant research and outcomes. We share the conditions that fostered successful collaboration, which can be transferred elsewhere, and suggest mechanisms for overcoming potential barriers. Synergies are essential for producing actionable research that informs climate-related decisions for stakeholders and ultimately enhances climate resilience at regional scales.
Verification of Land–Atmosphere Coupling in Forecast Models, Reanalyses, and Land Surface Models Using Flux Site Observations
Authors: Dirmeyer Paul A. , Chen Liang , Wu Jiexia , Shin Chul-Su , Huang Bohua , Cash Benjamin A. , Bosilovich Michael G. , Mahanama Sarith , Koster Randal D. , Santanello Joseph A. , Ek Michael B. , Balsamo Gianpaolo , Dutra Emanuel , Lawrence David M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This study compares four model systems in three configurations (LSM, LSM + GCM, and reanalysis) with global flux tower observations to validate states, surface fluxes, and coupling indices between land and atmosphere. Models clearly underrepresent the feedback of surface fluxes on boundary layer properties (the atmospheric leg of land–atmosphere coupling) and may overrepresent the connection between soil moisture and surface fluxes (the terrestrial leg). Models generally underrepresent spatial and temporal variability relative to observations, which is at least partially an artifact of the differences in spatial scale between model grid boxes and flux tower footprints. All models bias high in near-surface humidity and downward shortwave radiation, struggle to represent precipitation accurately, and show serious problems in reproducing surface albedos. These errors create challenges for models to partition surface energy properly, and errors are traceable through the surface energy and water cycles. The spatial distribution of the amplitude and phase of annual cycles (first harmonic) are generally well reproduced, but the biases in means tend to reflect in these amplitudes. Interannual variability is also a challenge for models to reproduce. Although the models validate better against Bowen-ratio-corrected surface flux observations, which allow for closure of surface energy balances at flux tower sites, it is not clear whether the corrected fluxes are more representative of actual fluxes. The analysis illuminates targets for coupled land–atmosphere model development, as well as the value of long-term globally distributed observational monitoring.
Fine Structure, Instabilities, and Turbulence in the Lower Atmosphere: High-Resolution In Situ Slant-Path Measurements with the DataHawk UAV and Comparisons with Numerical Modeling
Authors: Balsley Ben B. , Lawrence Dale A. , Fritts David C. , Wang Ling , Wan Kam , Werne Joe 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA new platform for high-resolution in situ measurements in the lower troposphere is described and its capabilities are demonstrated. The platform is the small GPS-controlled DataHawk unmanned aerial system (UAS), and measurements were performed under stratified atmospheric conditions at Dugway Proving Ground, Utah, on 11 October 2012. The measurements included spiraling vertical profiles of temperature and horizontal wind vectors, from which the potential temperature θ, mechanical energy dissipation rate ε, Brunt–Väsälä frequency N, temperature structure parameter CT2, Thorpe and Ozmidov scales LT and LO, and Richardson number Ri were inferred. Profiles of these quantities from ~50 to 400 m reveal apparent gravity wave modulation at larger scales, persistent sheet-and-layer structures at scales of ~30–100 m, and several layers exhibiting significant correlations of large ε, CT2, LT, and small Ri. Smaller-scale flow features suggest local gravity waves and Kelvin–Helmholtz instabilities exhibiting strong correlations, yielding significant vertical displacements and inducing turbulence and mixing at smaller scales. Comparisons of these results with a direct numerical simulation (DNS) of similar multiscale dynamics indicate close agreement between measured and modeled layer character and evolution, small-scale dynamics, and turbulence intensities. In particular, a detailed examination of the potential biases in inferred quantities and/or misinterpretation of the underlying dynamics as a result of the specific DataHawk sampling trajectory is carried out using virtual sampling paths through the DNS and comparing these with the DataHawk measurements.
Estimation of Rain Rate from Airborne Doppler W-Band Radar in CalWater-2
Authors: Fairall C. W. , Matrosov Sergey Y. , Williams Christopher R. , Walsh E. J. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTThe NOAA W-band radar was deployed on a P-3 aircraft during a study of storm fronts off the U.S. West Coast in 2015 in the second CalWater (CalWater-2) field program. This paper presents an analysis of measured equivalent radar reflectivity factor Zem profiles to estimate the path-averaged precipitation rate and profiles of precipitation microphysics. Several approaches are explored using information derived from attenuation of Zem as a result of absorption and scattering by raindrops. The first approach uses the observed decrease of Zem with range below the aircraft to estimate column mean precipitation rates. A hybrid approach that combines Zem in light rain and attenuation in stronger rain performed best. The second approach estimates path-integrated attenuation (PIA) via the difference in measured and calculated normalized radar cross sections (NRCSm and NRCSc, respectively) retrieved from the ocean surface. The retrieved rain rates are compared to estimates from two other systems on the P-3: a Stepped Frequency Microwave Radiometer (SFMR) and a Wide-Swath Radar Altimeter (WSRA). The W-band radar gives reasonable values for rain rates in the range 0–10 mm h−1 with an uncertainty on the order of 1 mm h−1. Mean profiles of Zem, raindrop Doppler velocity, attenuation, and precipitation rate in bins of rain rate are also computed. A method for correcting measured profiles of Zem for attenuation to estimate profiles of nonattenuated profiles of Ze is examined. Good results are obtained by referencing the surface boundary condition to the NRCS values of PIA. Limitations of the methods are discussed.
A New Approach for Estimating the Observation Impact in Ensemble–Variational Data Assimilation
Authors: Buehner Mark , Du Ping , Bédard Joël 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Two types of approaches are commonly used for estimating the impact of arbitrary subsets of observations on short-range forecast error. The first was developed for variational data assimilation systems and requires the adjoint of the forecast model. Comparable approaches were developed for use with the ensemble Kalman filter and rely on ensembles of forecasts. In this study, a new approach for computing observation impact is proposed for ensemble–variational data assimilation (EnVar). Like standard adjoint approaches, the adjoint of the data assimilation procedure is implemented through the iterative minimization of a modified cost function. However, like ensemble approaches, the adjoint of the forecast step is obtained by using an ensemble of forecasts. Numerical experiments were performed to compare the new approach with the standard adjoint approach in the context of operational deterministic NWP. Generally similar results are obtained with both approaches, especially when the new approach uses covariance localization that is horizontally advected between analysis and forecast times. However, large differences in estimated impacts are obtained for some surface observations. Vertical propagation of the observation impact is noticeably restricted with the new approach because of vertical covariance localization. The new approach is used to evaluate changes in observation impact as a result of the use of interchannel observation error correlations for radiance observations. The estimated observation impact in similarly configured global and regional prediction systems is also compared. Overall, the new approach should provide useful estimates of observation impact for data assimilation systems based on EnVar when an adjoint model is not available.
It Seemed like a Good Idea at the Time
Authors: Berends Lynda , Hunter Barbara 
Published: December 2017

■ AIM Identify whether centralised assessment and intake programs are useful for alcohol and drug systems. ■ DESIGN Review of evaluation findings on centralised programs in Ontario, Canada, the USA and Victoria, Australia. ■ FINDINGS Models implemented in Canada and the US operated at local level and variations were a product of settings and stakeholders. Some advances were made. The assessment and referral centres (A/Rs) in Canada accounted for around one fifth of all case loads. A greater proportion of treatment naïve people attended A/Rs and these agencies had a considerable network of services. However, A/Rs were not the hub of the system; many agencies developed their own intake structures and A/Rs took on treatment functions. In the US, only some locations with centralised intake units (CIUs) reported a greater uptake of referrals and high needs clients were more likely to attend. Centralisation resulted in improved assessments and increased levels of client satisfaction but not treatment matching. Some treatment agencies in Victoria developed centralised models for screening / assessment while referral destinations were generally in-house. In rural settings, there was cross-agency centralisation. ■ CONCLUSIONS Centralised intake requires extensive implementation planning to counter pressures that impede the potential for systems change.