bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Effect of Exercise Therapy and Patient Education on Impairments and Activity Limitations in People With Hip Osteoarthritis: Secondary Outcome Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Svege Ida , Fernandes Linda , Nordsletten Lars , Holm Inger , Risberg May Arna 
Published: January 2016

Background
The effect of exercise on specific impairments and activity limitations in people with hip osteoarthritis (OA) is limited.

Objective
The study objective was to evaluate the long-term effect of exercise therapy and patient education on range of motion (ROM), muscle strength, physical fitness, walking capacity, and pain during walking in people with hip OA.

Design
This was a secondary outcome analysis of a randomized clinical trial.

Setting
The setting was a university hospital.

Participants
One hundred nine people with clinically and radiographically evident hip OA were randomly allocated to receive both exercise therapy and patient education (exercise group) or patient education only (control group).

Intervention
All participants attended a patient education program consisting of 3 group meetings led by 2 physical therapists. Two other physical therapists were responsible for providing the exercise therapy program, consisting of 2 or 3 weekly sessions of strengthening, functional, and stretching exercises over 12 weeks. Both interventions were conducted at a sports medicine clinic.

Measurements
Outcome measures included ROM, isokinetic muscle strength, predicted maximal oxygen consumption determined with the Astrand bicycle ergometer test, and distance and pain during the Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT). Follow-up assessments were conducted 4, 10, and 29 months after enrollment by 5 physical therapists who were unaware of group allocations.

Results
No significant group differences were found for ROM, muscle strength, predicted maximal oxygen consumption, or distance during the 6MWT over the follow-up period, but the exercise group had less pain during the 6MWT than the control group at 10 months (mean difference=−8.5 mm; 95% confidence interval=−16.1, −0.9) and 29 months (mean difference=−9.3 mm; 95% confidence interval=−18.1, −0.6).

Limitations
Limitations of the study were reduced statistical power and 53% rate of adherence to the exercise therapy program.

Conclusions
The previously described effect of exercise on self-reported function was not reflected by beneficial results for ROM, muscle strength, physical fitness, and walking capacity, but exercise in addition to patient education resulted in less pain during walking in the long term.
Physical Therapists' Use of Functional Electrical Stimulation for Clients With Stroke: Frequency, Barriers, and Facilitators
Authors: Auchstaetter Nolan , Luc Juliana , Lukye Stacey , Lynd Kaylea , Schemenauer Shelby , Whittaker Maura , Musselman Kristin E. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract

Background
Best practice guidelines for stroke rehabilitation recommend functional electrical stimulation (FES) to improve gait and upper extremity function. Whether these guidelines have been implemented in practice is unknown.

Objective
The purposes of this study were: (1) to determine the frequency with which physical therapists use FES to address common therapeutic goals poststroke and (2) to identify the barriers to and facilitators of FES use.

Design
This was a cross-sectional, survey study.

Methods
A valid and reliable online survey was sent to Canadian physical therapists. Questions about demographic characteristics, FES use, knowledge of FES literature, and barriers and facilitators were posed. Closed-ended questions were analyzed with descriptive statistics and index scoring to produce summary scores. Pearson or point-biserial correlation coefficients correlated FES use with demographic variables. Open-ended questions about barriers and facilitators were analyzed by 3 researchers using a conventional content analysis.

Results
Two hundred ninety-eight physical therapists responded. Use of FES for clients with stroke was low for all therapeutic goals queried (improve walking, arm function, muscle strength and endurance, and sensation; prevent shoulder subluxation; and decrease spasticity). However, 52.6% of the respondents stated that they would like to increase their use of FES. More than 40% of the respondents were unsure of the strength of the evidence supporting FES for stroke care. Physical therapists with postgraduate FES training were more likely to use FES (r=.471, P&lt;.001). A lack of access to resources, such as time, equipment, and training, was the most frequently cited barrier to FES use.

Limitations
As an observational study, cause-and-effect relationships for FES use cannot be identified.

Conclusions
Functional electrical stimulation is not widely used by physical therapists in stroke rehabilitation. Improving access to resources—in particular, continuing education—may facilitate the implementation of FES into clinical practice.
Physical Therapy Residency and Fellowship Education: Reflections on the Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Furze Jennifer A. , Tichenor Carol Jo , Fisher Beth E. , Jensen Gail M. , Rapport Mary Jane 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe physical therapy profession continues to respond to the complex and changing landscape of health care to meet the needs of patients and the demands of patient care. Consistent with this evolution is the rapid development and expansion of residency and fellowship postprofessional programs. With the interested number of applicants exceeding the number of residency and fellowship slots available, a “critical period” in the educational process is emerging. The purposes of this perspective article are: (1) to analyze the state of residency and fellowship education within the profession, (2) to identify best practice elements from other health professions that are applicable to physical therapy residency and fellowship education, and (3) to propose a working framework grounded in common domains of competence to be used as a platform for dialogue, consistency, and quality across all residency and fellowship programs. Seven domains of competence are proposed to theoretically ground residency and fellowship programs and facilitate a more consistent approach to curricular development and assessment. Although the recent proliferation of residency and fellowship programs attempts to meet the demand of physical therapists seeking advanced educational opportunities, it is imperative that these programs are consistently delivering high-quality education with a common focus on delivering health care in the context of societal needs.
Study of pregnancy dermatoses in patients attending outpatient of B P Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
Authors: Bastola Prabha Dawadi , Rijal A , Upreti D 
Published: January 2016

Background: Pregnancy causes immense hormonal, vascular and immunologic changes affecting every organ system including skin. It can have a positive as well as a negative effect on the course of pre-existing skin diseases. Specific dermatoses of pregnancy constitute a heterogenous group of inflammatory dermatoses associated exclusively with pregnancy. Objectives: To study the spectrum and frequency of pregnancy dermatoses and to compare the clinico- epidemiological profile of non-specific dermatoses among pregnant versus non-pregnant women of reproductive age.Material and Methods: This descriptive hospital based study recruited 300 patients with skin lesions; the test group comprised 150 pregnant ladies while the control group comprised 150 non-pregnant female of reproductive age. Demographic characteristics, medical history, examination findings, and relevant investigation reports were noted and diagnosis established. The patients of test group were then classified into distinct subgroups of dermatoses and were compared with non-pregnant patients of control group. Results: Specific dermatoses of pregnancy was very common (41.33%) in our study among which Prurigo of pregnancy was the commonest (24%). Inflammatory lesions were predominant in pregnant group (57.33%, p=<0.001) whereas infectious diseases were predominant in the non-pregnants (44.67%). The demographic variables had no significant role in determining the distribution of any of the skin lesions in this study. Conclusion: Inflammatory lesions mostly specific dermatoses of pregnancy are found to be the commonest skin lesions among the pregnant ladies whereas infectious diseases are found to be comparable among pregnant and non pregnant ladies in our study.NJDVL Vol. 13, No. 1, 2015 Page: 38-44
Clinico-epidemiological profile of childhood cutaneous tuberculosis
Authors: Shrestha Sanju Babu , Pokhrel G P , Pradhan S B 
Published: January 2016

Introduction: Although cutaneous tuberculosis constitutes a small percentage of extra pulmonary tuberculosis, it has not been fully documented in Nepal and more so in the pediatric population. Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the epidemiology and clinical profile of childhood cutaneous tuberculosis at Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Nepal. Material and Methods: Children (below 15 years of age) with cutanesous tuberculosis who attended the teaching hospital between April 2008 and March 2014 were studied. Results: A total of 17 children with skin tuberculosis were identified during the study period, which constituted 34% of all patients with skin tuberculosis. There were 11 boys and 6 girls with a mean age of 8.8 years. The duration of the lesions ranged from 1 month to 4 years and 13 (76.5%) were brought for medical help after six months of onset of the disease. Lower limb was the most common site of involvement. Of the various patterns of cutaneous tuberculosis; scrofuloderma was the most common 7 (41.2%) followed by lupus vulgaris 6 (35.3%), erythema nodosum 2 (11.7%) and gumma 1 (5.8%). Combination of lupus vulgaris and scrofuloderma was noted in one patient. Three patients (17.6%) had internal organ involvement as pulmonary tuberculosis. Conclusion: The pattern of skin tuberculosis had wide variation with a few of them having systemic involvement. Therefore, these patients need a thorough evaluation or an uniform standard therapeutic regimen to cover both internal organ and cutaneous tuberculosis.NJDVL Vol. 13, No. 1, 2015 Page: 45-51
Delayed restraint procedure enhances cognitive recovery of spatial function after fimbria-fornix transection
Authors: Gram Marie Gajhede , Wogensen Elise , Wörtwein Gitta , Mogensen Jesper , Malá Hana 
Published: January 2016

Purpose: To i) evaluate the effect of a restraint procedure (7 days, 2 h/day) on place learning after fimbria-fornix transection (FF), ii) investigate effects of early vs. late administration of restraint, and iii) establish effects of the restraint procedure on expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Methods: Fifty rats subjected to FF or sham surgery and divided into groups exposed to restraint immediately (early restraint) or 21 days (late restraint) after surgery were trained to acquire an allocentric place learning task. In parallel, 29 animals were subjected to FF or sham surgery and an identical restraint procedure in order to measure concentrations of BDNF and corticosterone. Results: The performance of the sham operated rats was positively affected by the late restraint. In FF-lesioned animals, the late restraint significantly improved task performance compared to the lesioned group with no restraint, while the early restraint was associated with a negative impact on task acquisition. Biochemical analysis after restraint procedure revealed a lesion-induced upregulation of BDNF in FF animals. Conclusions: The improved task performance of lesioned animals suggests a therapeutic effect of this manipulation, independent of BDNF. This effect is sensitive to the temporal administration of treatment.
Preservation of structural brain network hubs is associated with less severe post-stroke aphasia
Authors: Gleichgerrcht Ezequiel , Kocher Madison , Nesland Travis , Rorden Chris , Fridriksson Julius , Bonilha Leonardo 
Published: January 2016

Purpose: Post-stroke aphasia is typically associated with ischemic damage to cortical areas or with loss of connectivity among spared brain regions. It remains unclear whether the participation of spared brain regions as networks hubs affects the severity of aphasia. Methods: We evaluated language performance and magnetic resonance imaging from 44 participants with chronic aphasia post-stroke. The individual structural brain connectomes were constructed from diffusion tensor. Hub regions were defined in accordance with the rich club classification and studied in relation with language performance. Results: Number of remaining left hemisphere rich club nodes was associated with aphasia, including comprehension, repetition and naming sub-scores. Importantly, among participants with relative preservation of regions of interest for language, aphasia severity was lessened if the region was not only spared, but also participated in the remaining network as a rich club node: Brodmann area (BA) 44/45 - repetition ( p = 0.009), BA 39 - repetition ( p = 0.045) and naming ( p <  0.01), BA 37 - fluency ( p <  0.001), comprehension ( p = 0.025), repetition ( p <  0.001) and naming ( p <  0.001). Conclusions: Disruption of language network structural hubs is directly associated with aphasia severity after stroke.
Neurophysiologic predictors of motor function in stroke
Authors: Simis Marcel , Doruk Deniz , Imamura Marta , Anghinah Renato , Morales-Quezada Leon , Fregni Felipe , Battistella Linamara Rizzo 
Published: January 2016

Purpose: Understanding the neural mechanisms of stroke recovery is of paramount importance for neurorehabilitation. Methods: For this purpose, we analyzed several TMS and EEG variables and their association with motor recovery. Thirty-five subjects with chronic stroke were recruited. The neurophysiological examination included assessments by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), intra- and inter-hemispheric EEG coherence in different frequency bands (e.g. alpha (8–13 Hz)) as determined by quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG). Motor function was measured by Fugl-Meyer (FM). Multiple univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were performed to identify the predictors for FM. Results: Multivariate analyses, showed a significant interaction effect of motor threshold (MT) in the lesioned hemisphere and beta coherence in the unlesioned hemisphere. This interaction suggests that higher beta activity in the unlesioned hemisphere strengthens the negative association between MT and FM scores. Conclusions: Our results suggest that MT in the lesioned hemisphere is the strongest predictors of motor recovery after stroke. Moreover, cortical activity in the unlesioned hemisphere measured by qEEG provides additional information, specifying the association between MT and FM scores. Therefore, complementary application of EEG and TMS can help constitute a better model of the lesioned and the unlesioned hemispheres that supports the importance of bihemispheric activity in recovery.
Hyper-vision of mirror symmetry in patients with macular degenerationreflects parafoveal cortical reorganization
Authors: Clara Casco , Elisa DeStefani , Luisa Pinello , Giovanni Sato , Luca Battaglini 
Published: January 2016

Purpose: This study aims at comparing participants with juvenile macular degeneration (MD) and normally sighted observers in their sensitivity to mirror and translational symmetry. Methods: We measured in 25 normal sighted and 9 MD participants sensitivity ( d’) to detect the symmetry of two dot patterns presented at the opposite sides of their central scotoma. Results: At a large dot patterns separation (13.3 deg), at which detection failed in normally sighted observers, MD patients had high sensitivity to mirror symmetry, whereas translational symmetry was undetected. Conclusions: The mirror-translational dissociation is not predicted by the well-known phenomenon of shrinking the location of images surrounding the scotoma. Our results indicate higher capacity of MD with respect to normally sighted observers to organize mirror symmetric dot patterns far apart into a unique percept. Our results suggest that MD have acquired the capability to use information only present in mirror symmetry, i.e., the co-aligned position of the centre of low-frequency filters connecting symmetric dot pairs on opposite sides of the scotoma. This relevant functional change in vision of MD patients may find its explanation in a functionally acquired high-level cortical representation of visual input.
Integration and binding in rehabilitative sensory substitution: Increasing resolution using a new Zooming-in approach
Authors: Buchs Galit , Maidenbaum Shachar , Levy-Tzedek Shelly , Amedi Amir 
Published: January 2016

Purpose: To visually perceive our surroundings we constantly move our eyes and focus on particular details, and then integrate them into a combined whole. Current visual rehabilitation methods, both invasive, like bionic-eyes and non-invasive, like Sensory Substitution Devices (SSDs), down-sample visual stimuli into low-resolution images. Zooming-in to sub-parts of the scene could potentially improve detail perception. Can congenitally blind individuals integrate a ‘visual’ scene when offered this information via different sensory modalities, such as audition? Can they integrate visual information –perceived in parts - into larger percepts despite never having had any visual experience? Methods: We explored these questions using a zooming-in functionality embedded in the EyeMusic visual-to-auditory SSD. Eight blind participants were tasked with identifying cartoon faces by integrating their individual components recognized via the EyeMusic’s zooming mechanism. Results: After specialized training of just 6–10 hours, blind participants successfully and actively integrated facial features into cartooned identities in 79±18% of the trials in a highly significant manner, (chance level 10% ; rank-sum P <  1.55E-04). Conclusions: These findings show that even users who lacked any previous visual experience whatsoever can indeed integrate this visual information with increased resolution. This potentially has important practical visual rehabilitation implications for both invasive and non-invasive methods.
A QUICK TEST ON ROTATION PERIOD CLUSTERING FOR THE SMALL MEMBERS OF THE KORONIS FAMILY
Authors: Chang Chan-Kao , Lin Hsing-Wen , Ip Wing-Huen 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
Rotation period clustering in prograde/retrograde rotators might be the preliminary indication of the Slivan state in the Koronis family as a result of the Yarkovsky–O’Keefe–Radzievskii–Paddack effect. We follow the general scenario of dispersion in the semimajor axis of the asteroid family members to separate prograde and retrograde rotators in the Koronis family. From the available rotation periods obtained from PTF/iPTF, we were unable to find the rotation period clustering of objects with H ≳ 12 mag in the Koronis family. This could be the result of the intermittent collisional process of small asteroids (D ≲ 20 km) which leads to astray Yarkovsky drifting. Measurement of the pole orientations of our sample will verify our preliminary result and validate our method.
THE GINI COEFFICIENT AS A TOOL FOR IMAGE FAMILY IDENITIFICATION IN STRONG LENSING SYSTEMS WITH MULTIPLE IMAGES
Authors: Florian Michael K. , Gladders Michael D. , Li Nan , Sharon Keren 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
The sample of cosmological strong lensing systems has been steadily growing in recent years and with the advent of the next generation of space-based survey telescopes, the sample will reach into the thousands. The accuracy of strong lens models relies on robust identification of multiple image families of lensed galaxies. For the most massive lenses, often more than one background galaxy is magnified and multiply imaged, and even in the cases of only a single lensed source, identification of counter images is not always robust. Recently, we have shown that the Gini coefficient in space-telescope-quality imaging is a measurement of galaxy morphology that is relatively well-preserved by strong gravitational lensing. Here, we investigate its usefulness as a diagnostic for the purposes of image family identification and show that it can remove some of the degeneracies encountered when using color as the sole diagnostic, and can do so without the need for additional observations since whenever a color is available, two Gini coefficients are as well.
SPECTRAL ANISOTROPY OF ELSÄSSER VARIABLES IN TWO-DIMENSIONAL WAVE-VECTOR SPACE AS OBSERVED IN THE FAST SOLAR WIND TURBULENCE
Authors: Yan Limei , He Jiansen , Zhang Lei , Tu Chuanyi , Marsch Eckart , Chen Christopher H. K. , Wang Xin , Wang Linghua , Wicks Robert T. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
Intensive studies have been conducted to understand the anisotropy of solar wind turbulence. However, the anisotropy of Elsässer variables (

) in 2D wave-vector space has yet to be investigated. Here we first verify the transformation based on the projection-slice theorem between the power spectral density

and the spatial correlation function

Based on the application of the transformation to the magnetic field and the particle measurements from the WIND spacecraft, we investigate the spectral anisotropy of Elsässer variables (

), and the distribution of residual energy

Alfvén ratio

, and Elsässer ratio

in the

space. The spectra

of

,

, and

(the larger of

) show a similar pattern that

is mainly distributed along a ridge inclined toward the k
⊥ axis. This is probably the signature of the oblique Alfvénic fluctuations propagating outwardly. Unlike those of

,

, and

the spectrum

of

is distributed mainly along the k
⊥ axis. Close to the k
⊥ axis,

becomes larger while

becomes smaller, suggesting that the dominance of magnetic energy over kinetic energy becomes more significant at small k
∥.

is larger at small k
∥, implying that

of

is more concentrated along the k
⊥ direction as compared to that of

The residual energy condensate at small k
∥ is consistent with simulation results in which

is spontaneously generated by Alfvén wave interaction.
A COMPACT X-RAY SOURCE IN THE RADIO PULSAR-WIND NEBULA G141.2+5.0
Authors: Reynolds Stephen P. , Borkowski Kazimierz J. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
We report the results of a 50 ks Chandra observation of the recently discovered radio object G141.2+5.0, presumed to be a pulsar-wind nebula. We find a moderately bright unresolved X-ray source that we designate CXOU J033712.8 615302 coincident with the central peak radio emission. An absorbed power-law fit to the 241 counts describes the data well, with absorbing column

cm−2 and photon index

. For a distance of 4 kpc, the unabsorbed luminosity between 0.5 and 8 keV is

erg s−1 (90% confidence intervals). Both L
X and Γ are quite typical of pulsars in PWNe. No extended emission is seen; we estimate a conservative

upper limit to the surface brightness of any X-ray PWN near the point source to be

erg cm−2 s−1 arcsec−2 between 0.5 and 8 keV, assuming the same spectrum as the point source; for a nebula of diameter

, the flux limit is 6% of the flux of the point source. The steep radio spectrum of the PWN (

), if continued to the X-ray without a break, predicts

erg s−1, so additional spectral steepening between radio and X-rays is required, as is true of all known PWNe. The high Galactic latitude gives a z-distance of 350 pc above the Galactic plane, quite unusual for a Population I object.