bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pseudo‐3D Topological Alignments Regulate Mechanotransduction and Maturation of Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Lee Yeji , Song Jihyeon , Batjargal Ulziituya , Kim Min‐Seok , Lee Geonho , Kim Geonwoo , Lee Taehoon , Kang RaeHui , Kim Younggyun , Kim Han‐Jun , Lee Junmin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSmooth muscle cells (SMCs) sense and respond to mechanical stimuli in their extracellular microenvironments (ECMs), playing a crucial role in muscle tissue engineering. Increasing evidence from topological cues‐mediated mechanotransduction of SMCs in ECMs has suggested some potential underlying mechanisms of how SMC functions and maturation are regulated by their mechanosensing leading to transduction. However, how the expression of yes‐associated protein 1 (YAP) influences the phenotypic shift from synthetic to contractile is still controversial. Here, pseudo‐3D topological alignments mimicking native muscle tissues are generated using laser‐cutter engraving to explore the influence of topological cues on SMC mechanotransduction and maturation. The analysis of topological cue‐mediated mechanotransduction and maturation marker expression revealed YAP is involved in mechanotransduction for SMCs cultured on cross‐patterned substrates in the presence of cell‐cell interactions. Moreover, these SMCs with YAP‐linked mechanosensing showed higher expression of calponin, indicating a shift toward contractile phenotypes in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, it showed skeletal muscle cells has different mechanosensing and maturation mechanisms compared to SMCs, revealing muscle type‐dependent different sensing of topological cues, and converting into maturation‐associated signaling cascades. This study provides insights into the regulation of SMC mechanotransduction and maturation by topological cues, suggesting the involvement of YAP‐linked signaling pathways in this process.
Element Screening Engineering for High‐Entropy Alloy Anodes: Achieving Fast and Robust Li‐Storage With Optimal Working Potential
Authors: Li Xinwei , Wang Jeng‐Han , Yang Lufeng , Liu Tzu‐Yu , Huang Shengchi , Ho Betty , Hsueh Howard , Chen Jie , He Lunhua , Guo Zaiping , Liu Meilin , Li Wenwu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWhile the high‐entropy strategy is highly effective in enhancing the performance of materials across various fields, an optimal methodology for selecting component elements for performance optimization is still lacking. Here the findings on uncovering the element selection rules for rational design of high‐entropy alloy anodes with exceptional lithium storage performance are reported. It is investigated high‐entropy element screening rules by modifying stable diamond‐structured Ge with P to induce a tetrahedrally coordinated sphalerite structure for enhanced metallic conductivity, further stabilized by incorporating Zn and other elements. Moreover, both theoretical and experimental results confirm that Li‐storage performance improves with increasing atomic number: BZnGeP3 < AlZnGeP3 < GaZnGeP3 < InZnGeP3. InZnGeP3‐based electrodes demonstrate the highest Li‐ion affinity, fastest electronic and Li‐ion transport, largest Li‐storage capacity and reversibility, and best mechanical integrity. Further element screening based on the above criteria leads to high entropy alloy anodes with metallic conductivity like GaCuSnInZnGeP6, GaCu(or Sn)InZnGeP5, CuSnInZnGeP5, InZnGePSeS(or Te), InZnGeP2S(or Se) which show superior Li‐storage performances. The excellent phase stability is attributed to their high configurational entropy. This study offers profound insights into element screening for high‐entropy alloy‐based anodes in Li‐ion batteries, providing guidance and reference for the element combination and screening of other high‐entropy functional materials.
Electrodeposition of Polymer Networks as Conformal and Uniform Ultrathin Coatings
Authors: Wang Wenlu , Resing Anton B. , Brown Keith A. , Werner Jörg G. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNatural systems, synthetic materials, and devices almost always feature interphases that control the flow of mass and energy or stabilize interfaces between incompatible materials. With technologies transitioning to non‐planar and 3D mesoscale architectures, novel deposition methods for realizing ultrathin coatings and interphases are required. Polymer networks are of particular interest for their tunable chemical and physical properties combined with their structural integrity. Here, the electrodeposition of polymer networks (EPoN) is introduced as a general approach to uniformly coat non‐planar conductive materials. Conceptually, EPoN utilizes electrochemically activated crosslinkers as polymer end groups to confine their network formation exclusively to the material surface upon charge transfer, yielding a passivating and self‐limiting growth of conformal and uniform coatings with tunable submicron thickness on conductive materials. EPoN is found to result in thin functional films of various polymer backbones and side group chemistries as demonstrated for poly(ether) and poly(acrylamide) based polymers as solid electrolyte and thermally responsive interphases, respectively.
Pyridine‐Boryl Radical‐Catalyzed [3 + 2] Cycloadditions of Alkyne‐Tethered Cyclopropyl Ketones
Authors: Huang Hua , An Xiao‐Die , Wang Yi‐Fan , Tan Yun‐Xuan , Tian Ping 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBicyclo[3.3.0]octanes represent crucial structural motifs found in various bioactive natural compounds. In this study, we present the first metal‐free formal [3 + 2] cycloadditions of alkyne‐tethered cyclopropyl ketones via pyridine‐boryl radical catalysis, affording bicyclo[3.3.0]octanes with high efficiency and broad substrate scope. This reaction features the generation of ketyl radical by pyridine‐boryl radical and a consecutive 5‐exo‐dig and 5‐exo‐trig radical cascade process.
Aqueous Photocatalytic Glycerol Oxidation to Formic Acid Coupled to H2O2 Production with an Anthraquinone Dye
Authors: Tacchi Elena , Rossi Greta , Natali Mirco , Ðorđević Luka , Sartorel Andrea 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe photocatalytic oxidation of glycerol into formic acid (FA) is reported employing a 9,10‐anthraquinone‐2,6‐disulphonate disodium salt (AQDS) photocatalyst. The system operates in water, in the absence of additives, using O2 as the oxidant and irradiating with blue light (λ = 415 nm). In 22 h, conversion of glycerol up to 79% leads to 30% yield of FA (turnover number of 15 for AQDS), with 79% selectivity among the products in solution and a quantum yield of 1.2%. The oxidation of glycerol is coupled to the reduction of oxygen to hydrogen peroxide (up to 16±5 mm), a high‐added value photosynthetic product. A mechanistic investigation combining electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS), and time‐dependent density‐functional theory (TD‐DFT) calculations reveals a photoinduced hydrogen atom abstraction involving the triplet excited state 3*AQDS and the glycerol substrate (k = 1.02(±0.03)×107 m−1·s−1, H/D kinetic isotope effect = 2.00±0.16). The resulting ketyl radical of AQDS follows fast deprotonation to the radical anion AQDS•–, that further reacts with oxygen (k = 1.2×108 m−1·s−1), ultimately leading to the production of H2O2.
From Small Data Modeling to Large Language Model Screening: A Dual‐Strategy Framework for Materials Intelligent Design
Authors: Yu Yeyong , Xiong Jie , Wu Xing , Qian Quan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSmall data in materials present significant challenges to constructing highly accurate machine learning models, severely hindering the widespread implementation of data‐driven materials intelligent design. In this study, the Dual‐Strategy Materials Intelligent Design Framework (DSMID) is introduced, which integrates two innovative methods. The Adversarial domain Adaptive Embedding Generative network (AAEG) transfers data between related property datasets, even with only 90 data points, enhancing material composition characterization and improving property prediction. Additionally, to address the challenge of screening and evaluating numerous alloy designs, the Automated Material Screening and Evaluation Pipeline (AMSEP) is implemented. This pipeline utilizes large language models with extensive domain knowledge to efficiently identify promising experimental candidates through self‐retrieval and self‐summarization. Experimental findings demonstrate that this approach effectively identifies and prepares new eutectic High Entropy Alloy (EHEA), notably Al14(CoCrFe)19Ni28, achieving an ultimate tensile strength of 1085 MPa and 24% elongation without heat treatment or extra processing. This demonstrates significantly greater plasticity and equivalent strength compared to the typical as‐cast eutectic HEA AlCoCrFeNi2.1. The DSMID framework, combining AAEG and AMSEP, addresses the challenges of small data modeling and extensive candidate screening, contributing to cost reduction and enhanced efficiency of material design. This framework offers a promising avenue for intelligent material design, particularly in scenarios constrained by limited data availability.
A CC‐NB‐ARC‐LRR Gene Regulates Bract Morphology in Cotton
Authors: Yan Sunyi , Si Zhanfeng , Qi Guoan , Zang Yihao , Xuan Lisha , He Lu , Cao Yiwen , Li Xiaoran , Zhang Tianzhen , Hu Yan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBracts are leaf‐like structures in flowering plants. They serve multiple functions such as attracting pollinators, aiding tolerance of abiotic stressors, and conducting photosynthesis. While previous studies extensively examine bract function, the molecular mechanisms underlying bract growth remain unknown. Here, the map‐based isolation and characterization of a crucial factor responsible for cotton bract development, identified from a mutant known as frego bract (fg), discovered by Frego in 1945 are presented. This gene, named Ghfg, encodes a CC‐NB‐ARC‐LRR (CNL) family protein. Through analysis of bract form in plants with virus‐induced gene silencing (VIGS) and transgenic plants, this gene is confirmed to be the causal gene under the fg locus. Furthermore, high‐resolution single‐cell transcriptomic landscape of cotton bracts is generated, which reveals differences related to auxin in proliferating cells from TM‐1 and T582; differences in auxin distribution and ROS accumulation are experimentally verified. These findings suggest that GhFG is in a self‐activated state in the fg mutant, and its activity leads to ROS accumulation that impacts auxin distribution and transport. Finally, an island cotton variety with the frego bract trait is developed, demonstrating a novel solution for reducing the high impurity rate caused by bract remnants.
Investigation and Improvement of the Bias Temperature Instability in Carbon Nanotube Transistors
Authors: Sun Yifu , Lu Peng , Zhang Lingyu , Cao Yu , Bai Lan , Ding Li , Han Jie , Zhang Chiyu , Zhu Maguang , Zhang Zhiyong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCarbon nanotube (CNT) is widely regarded as a promising candidate for constructing sub‐10 nm field‐effect transistors (FETs). However, limited attention is carried out on the reliability of CNT FETs, which is critical for practical application. In this work, the bias temperature instability (BTI) effect in top‐gate CNT FETs is thoroughly investigated under a wide range of environment temperatures from 200 to 400 K for the first time. Notably, the threshold voltage (Vth) shifts induced by BTI are measured down to 0.38 V, which is ≈2–3 times smaller than those reported in previous studies. In addition, by optimizing the device fabrication process, the reliability of the BTI effects in CNT FETs can be further improved. The optimized CNT FET exhibits a Normalized BTI shift down to ≈0.10 V/(MV cm−1), which represents the most reliable top‐gate nano‐devices to date.
Reducing the Barrier Height in Organic Transistors
Authors: Ghobadi Arash , Mathai Cherian J. , Cook Jacob , Bian Guang , Attar Salahuddin , Al‐Hashimi Mohammed , Gangopadhyay Shubhra , Guha Suchismita 
Published: October 2024

AbstractReducing the Schottky barrier height and Fermi level de‐pinning in metal‐organic semiconductor contacts are crucial for enhancing the performance of organic transistors. The reduction of the Schottky barrier height in bottom‐contact top‐gate organic transistors is demonstrated by adding 1 nm thick atomic layer deposited Al2O3 on the source and drain contacts. By using two different donor‐acceptor copolymers, both p‐ and n‐type transistors are investigated. Temperature‐dependent current–voltage measurements from non‐treated, self‐assembled monolayer treated, and Al2O3 treated Au source‐drain contact field‐effect transistors with varying channel lengths are carried out. The drain current versus drain voltage near zero gate voltage, which may be described by the thermionic emission model at temperatures above 150 K, allows the estimation of the Schottky barrier height (φB). The Al2O3 contact‐treated transistors show more than 40% lower φB compared with the non‐treated contacts in the p‐type transistor. Similarly, an isoindigo‐based transistor, with n‐type transport, shows a reduction in φB with Al2O3 treated contacts suggesting that such ultrathin oxide layers provide a universal method for reducing the barrier height.
The impact of agricultural policy evolution on long‐run grain market projection
Authors: Lee Suhwan , Ohler Adrienne , Thompson Wyatt 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLong‐run projections are crucial for climate change policies, food security, and agricultural productivity, yet these projections often overlook recently identified patterns in how trade policies and domestic support evolve as countries develop. The grain market projections over 50 or 100 years presented here take these policy patterns into account, as well as the risks of more significant trade policy disruptions. The results demonstrate that different assumptions about economic development can have far‐reaching effects on the market context, greenhouse gas emissions, and grain prices.
Solar steam generation enabled by carbon black: The impact of particle size and nanostructure
Authors: Kelesidis Georgios A. , Nagarkar Amogh , Rivano Pier Giuseppe 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHere, commercial carbon black (CB) grades are characterized in detail to determine the link between their physicochemical properties and solar steam generation performance. The CB nanoparticles used here have surface mean primary particle diameters of 11–406 nm resulting in specific surface areas of 8–300 m2/g. Thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic light scattering, Raman spectroscopy, and x‐ray diffraction reveal that fine CB nanoparticles form large agglomerates, have a more disordered nanostructure and larger organic carbon content than coarse CB grades. Most importantly, UV–vis spectroscopy and Mie theory show that increasing the particle size from 14 to 406 nm reduces the light absorption of CB dispersed in water up to 86%. So, the water evaporation flux of suspensions containing 11–14 nm CB nanoparticles is up to 25% larger than that obtained for suspensions of 406 nm particles. Thus, good control of particle size is essential to optimize the solar steam generation enabled by CB.
Detection of Filariid Infections in Mexican Primate Populations Through qPCR
Authors: Solórzano‐García Brenda , Colín García Norberto , Aureli Filippo , Pérez‐Ponce de León Gerardo 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTFilariae are parasitic nematodes of high veterinary and medical importance, responsible for some acute tropical diseases. They are transmitted through the bite of hematophagous vectors such as biting midges and blackflies. Filariae are among the most prevalent vector‐borne parasitoses in Neotropical primates in which severe infections can cause inflammatory reactions and tissue damage. Given the location inside the host (peritoneal cavity, bloodstream, and lymphatics), the detection of filariid nematodes is challenging and is mostly postmortem; hence the scarcity of studies on the prevalence of filariae in wild primate populations. Here, we report the prevalence of filariid infections in free‐ranging populations of Geoffroy's spider (Ateles geoffroyi) and black howler (Alouatta pigra) monkeys across southern Mexico, using a combination of noninvasive sampling and molecular diagnostic techniques. Fecal samples were screened for filariid DNA by qPCR protocols. A total of 88 samples were examined with an overall prevalence of 26%. Filariae were slightly more common in spider monkeys compared to howler monkeys. This study constitutes the first report of the prevalence of infection of filariid nematodes in populations of wild spider monkey across southern Mexico, and the first reporting of filariae in black howler monkeys, as part of a new era of primate parasitology and the diagnostics of parasite infections in light of the everyday more affordable molecular tools.
Promotion of RNF168‐Mediated Nucleosomal H2A Ubiquitylation by Structurally Defined K63‐Polyubiquitylated Linker Histone H1
Authors: Shi Qiang , Deng Zhiheng , Zhang Liying , Tong Zebin , Li Jia‐Bin , Chu Guo‐Chao , Ai Huasong , Liu Lei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe chemical synthesis of histones with homogeneous modifications is a powerful approach for quantitatively deciphering the functional crosstalk between different post‐translational modifications (PTMs). In this study, we developed an expedient site‐specific (poly)ubiquitylation strategy (CAEPL, Cysteine Aminoethylation coupled with Enzymatic Protein Ligation), which integrates the Cys‐aminoethylation reaction with the process of ubiquitin‐activating enzyme UBA1‐assisted native chemical ligation. Using this strategy, we successfully prepared monoubiquitylated and K63‐linked di‐ and tri‐ubiquitylated linker histone H1.0 proteins, which were incorporated into individual chromatosomes. Quantitative biochemical analysis of different RNF168 constructs on H1 ubiquitylated chromatosomes with different ubiquitin chain lengths demonstrated that K63‐linked polyubiquitylated H1.0 could directly stimulate RNF168 ubiquitylation activity by enhancing the affinity between RNF168 and the chromatosome. Subsequent cryo‐EM structural analysis of the RNF168/UbcH5c–Ub/H1.0‐K63‐Ub3 chromatosome complex revealed the potential recruitment orientation between RNF168 UDM1 domain and K63‐linked ubiquitin chain on H1.0. Finally, we explored the impact of H1.0 ubiquitylation on RNF168 activity in the context of asymmetric H1.0–K63‐Ub3 di‐nucleosome substrate, revealing a comparable stimulation effect of both the inter‐ and intra‐nucleosomal crosstalk. Overall, our study highlights the significance of access to structurally defined polyubiquitylated H1.0 by the CAEPL strategy, enabling in‐depth mechanistic investigations of in‐trans PTM crosstalk between linker histone H1.0 and core histone H2A ubiquitylation.
Loading Dyes into Chiral Cd/Zn‐Metal–Organic Frameworks for Efficient Full‐Color Circularly Polarized Luminescence
Authors: Yin Hua‐Qing , Chen Jia , Xue Yu‐Wei , Ren Jing , Wang Xin‐Hui , Fan Heng‐Rui , Wei Shu‐Yan , Sun Bo , Zhang Zhi‐Ming 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHost‐guest chemistry of chiral metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) has endowed them with circularly polarized luminescence (CPL), it is still limited for MOFs to systematically tune full‐color CPL emissions and sizes. This work directionally assembles the chiral ligands, metal sites and organic dyes to prepare a series of crystalline enantiomeric D/L‐Cd/Zn‐n MOFs (n=1~5, representing the adding amount of dyes), where D/L‐Cd/Zn with the formula of Cd2(D/L–Cam)2(TPyPE) and Zn2(D/L–Cam)2(TPyPE) (D/L‐Cam=D/L‐camphoric acid, TPyPE=4,4’,4’’,4’’’‐(1,2‐henediidenetetra‐4,1‐phenylene)tetrakis[pyridine]) were used as the chiral platforms. The framework‐dye‐enabled emission and through‐space chirality transfer facilitate D/L‐Cd/Zn‐n bright full‐color CPL activity. The ideal yellow CPL of D‐Cd‐5 and D‐Zn‐4, with |glum| as 4.9 × 10−3 and 1.3×10−3 and relatively high photoluminescence quantum yield of 40.79 % and 45.40 %, are further assembled into a white CPL light‐emitting diode. The crystal sizes of D/L‐Cd/Zn‐n were found to be strongly correlated to the types and additional amounts of organic dyes, that the positive organic dyes allow for the preparation of > 7 mm bulks and negative dyes account for sub‐20 μm particles. This work opens a new avenue to fabricate full‐color emissive CPL composites and provides a potentially universal method for controlling the size of optical platforms.
Self‐Resistance Gene‐Guided Discovery of the Molecular Basis for Biosynthesis of the Fatty Acid Synthase Inhibitor Cerulenin
Authors: Shang Zhuo , Arishi Amr A. , Wu Changzheng , Lao Fangzheng , Gilchrist Cameron L. M. , Moggach Stephen A. , Lacey Ernest , Piggott Andrew M. , Chooi Yit‐Heng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCerulenin (1) is the first reported natural fatty acid synthase inhibitor and has been intensively researched for its antifungal, anticancer and anti‐obesity properties. However, the molecular basis for its biosynthesis has remained a mystery for six decades. Here, we have identified the polyketide biosynthetic gene cluster (cer) responsible for the biosynthesis of 1 from two Sarocladium species using a self‐resistance gene mining approach, which we validated via heterologous reconstitution of cer cluster in an Aspergillus nidulans host. Expression of various combinations of cer genes uncovered key pathway intermediates, electrocyclisation products derived from PKS‐encoded polyenoic acids, and a suite of 13 new analogues of 1. This enabled us to establish a biosynthetic pathway to 1 that starts with a C12 polyketide precursor containing both E and Z double bonds and involves a complex series of epoxidations, double bond shifts, E/Z isomerisation and epoxide reduction. Using in vitro assays, we further validated the roles of amidotransferase CerD in amidation, and oxidase CerF and reductase CerE in the final two‐electron oxidation and enone reduction steps towards 1. These findings expand our understanding of complex tailoring modifications in highly reducing PKS pathways and pave the way for the engineered biosynthesis of cerulenin analogues.
Polymer Mechanochemistry in Confined Spaces
Authors: Hu Hui , Zhou Yang , Xi Bin , Li Yuanchao 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWith the development of mechanophores, polymer mechanochemistry has emerged as a powerful tool for creating force‐responsive materials with a variety of desired functions, ranging from color change to molecular release. However, it remains challenging to improve the efficiency of mechanochemical activation, especially for mechanophores embedded within polymer networks, which has profound implications for translating mechanochemical responses into materials‐centered applications. The physical and chemical conditions under spatial confinement differ significantly from those in the surrounding bulk environment, offering opportunities to facilitate mechanochemical activation. In this Minireview, we discuss and summarize recent progress in polymer mechanochemistry within confined spaces including surfaces/interfaces, polymer assemblies, and other nanostructures, specifically focusing on the effects of spatial confinement on the enhancement of mechanophore activation. We envision that combining confinement effects with advances in molecular and materials engineering will further improve the activation efficiency, capitalizing more fully on the potential of mechanophores toward practical applications.