bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maleimide‐Functionalized Poly(2‐Oxazoline)s and Their Conjugation to Elastin‐Like Polypeptides
Authors: Nawroth Jonas F. , McDaniel Jonathan R. , Chilkoti Ashutosh , Jordan Rainer , Luxenhofer Robert 
Published: January 2016

The design of drug delivery systems capable of efficiently delivering poorly soluble drugs to target sites still remains a major challenge. Such materials require several different functionalities; typically, these materials should be biodegradable and nontoxic, nonimmunogenic, responsive to their environment, and soluble in aqueous solution while retaining the ability to solubilize hydrophobic drugs. Here, a polypeptide‐polymer hybrid of elastin‐like polypeptides (ELPs) and poly(2‐oxazoline)s (POx) is reported. This paper describes the chemical synthesis, physical characteristics, and drug loading potential of these novel hybrid macromolecules. A novel method is introduced for terminal functionalization of POx with protected maleimide moieties. Following recovery of the maleimide group via a retro Diels–Alder reaction, the consecutive Michael addition of thiol‐functionalized ELPs yields the desired protein‐polymer conjugate. These conjugates form nanoparticles in aqueous solution capable of solubilizing the anti‐cancer drug paclitaxel with up to 8 wt% loading.
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Subjective cognitive impairment of older adults: a comparison between the US and China
Authors: Wu Qiong 
Published: January 2016

AbstractSubjective assessment may be incomparable across countries due to differences in reporting styles. Based on two nationally representative surveys from the US and China, this study used data from three anchoring vignettes to estimate to what extent the US and Chinese older adults aged 50 and above differed in their reporting styles of subjective cognitive impairment. Cross country differences of subjective cognitive impairment were then estimated, both before and after adjusting for reporting heterogeneity. Directly assessed word recall test scores were analyzed to evaluate whether findings based on subjective cognitive impairment was consistent with objective performance. The results revealed a discrepancy between self‐reported subjective cognitive impairment and directly assessed memory function among older adults: while Chinese respondents reported lower severity levels of subjective cognitive impairment, the US respondents demonstrated better performance in immediate word recall tests. By accounting for differences in reporting styles using anchoring vignettes data, Chinese older adults showed higher levels of subjective cognitive impairment than the US older adults, which was consistent with results from direct assessment of memory function. Non‐negligible differences are present in reporting styles of subjective cognitive impairment. Cross country comparison needs to take into account such reporting heterogeneity. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Von der Konfiguration zu inter‐molekularen Wechselwirkungen
Authors: Merten Christian 
Published: January 2016

AbstractDie Vibrational‐Circular‐Dichroism‐ oder Schwingungszirkulardichroismus‐Spektroskopie bestimmt absolute Konfigurationen, macht intermolekulare Wechselwirkungen sichtbar und deckt auf, welche Konformation ein chirales Molekül bevorzugt einnimmt.
Zellgewebe aus dem Drucker
Authors: Scheibel Thomas , Groll Jürgen , Boccaccini Aldo R. , Zehnder Tobias , Jungst Tomasz , Schacht Kristin 
Published: January 2016

AbstractDie Biofabrikation, also die Verarbeitung von Biotinte, baut mit zellfreundlichen 3‐D‐Druckverfahren gewebeartige Strukturen auf. Die Zusammensetzung von Biotinten steht daher im Fokus der Materialentwickler, die Gewebe züchten.
Chinesische Chemiker tagen in Karlsruhe
Authors: Wang Rongbiao , Xue Changguo , Ding Wenjin , Lu Qian 
Published: January 2016

AbstractUnter dem Motto „Wiedersehen in Karlsruhe, gemeinsam für die Zukunft“ fand Mitte Oktober 2015 in Karlsruhe die 27. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft Chinesischer Chemiker und Chemieingenieure in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (GCCCD) statt. An der Tagung nahmen 140 Gäste und GCCCD‐Mitglieder aus Hochschulen und chemischer Industrie teil.
Rohstoffquelle und Ballast
Authors: Groß Michael 
Published: January 2016

AbstractDas Biopolymer Lignin, das sich wie Beton verhält, ist fester Bestandteil unverdaulicher Pflanzenfasern in Holz, Kernen und Gräsern. Bisher dient es als Brennstoff oder gilt als störender Abfall. Neue Einblicke in seine Biosynthese und in mögliche Verarbeitungswege könnten mehr als einen Energieträger aus ihm machen.
Lärm ums Fracken
Authors: Osterath Brigitte 
Published: January 2016

AbstractErbitterter Widerstand bei vielen Bürgern, detaillierte Studien in der Wissenschaft sowie unzählige Stellungnahmen aus Industrie und Verbänden – selten hat eine Technik der Energiekonzerne so viel Aufmerksamkeit auf sich gezogen. Aber kommt Fracking nun nach Deutschland oder nicht?
50 Jahre Mitgliedschaft in der CG/GDCh – Wir gratulieren!
Authors: Anwand Dirk , Lindhorst Thisbe K. , Koch Wolfram 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIm Jahr 2016 begehen folgende Kolleginnen und Kollegen das goldene Jubiläum ihrer GDCh‐Mitgliedschaft oder blicken in den neuen Bundesländern auf eine 50‐jährige Mitgliedschaft in der Chemischen Gesellschaft der DDR und nach der Wiedervereinigung in der GDCh zurück:
Novel intrusion prediction mechanism based on honeypot log similarity
Authors: Jiang Ci‐Bin , Liu I‐Hsien , Chung Yao‐Nien , Li Jung‐Shian 
Published: January 2016

SummaryThe current network‐based intrusion detection systems have a very high rate of false alarms, and this phenomena results in significant efforts to gauge the threat level of the anomalous traffic. In this paper, we propose an intrusion detection mechanism based on honeypot log similarity analysis and data mining techniques to predict and block suspicious flows before attacks occur. With honeypot logs and association rule mining, our approach can reduce the false alarm problem of intrusion detection because only suspicious traffic would be present in the honeypots. The proposed mechanism can reduce human effort, and the entire system can operate automatically. The results of our experiments indicate that the honeypot prediction system is practical for protecting assets from attacks or misuse.
CASP 11 target classification
Authors: Kinch Lisa N. , Li Wenlin , Schaeffer R. Dustin , Dunbrack Roland L. , Monastyrskyy Bohdan , Kryshtafovych Andriy , Grishin Nick V. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTProtein target structures for the Critical Assessment of Structure Prediction round 11 (CASP11) and CASP ROLL were split into domains and classified into categories suitable for assessment of template‐based modeling (TBM) and free modeling (FM) based on their evolutionary relatedness to existing structures classified by the Evolutionary Classification of Protein Domains (ECOD) database. First, target structures were divided into domain‐based evaluation units. Target splits were based on the domain organization of available templates as well as the performance of servers on whole targets compared to split target domains. Second, evaluation units were classified into TBM and FM categories using a combination of measures that evaluate prediction quality and template detectability. Generally, target domains with sequence‐related templates and good server prediction performance were classified as TBM, whereas targets without sequence‐identifiable templates and low server performance were classified as FM. As in previous CASP experiments, the boundaries for classification were blurred due to the presence of significant insertions and deteriorations in the targets with respect to homologous templates, as well as the presence of templates with partial coverage of new folds. The FM category included 45 target domains, which represents an unprecedented number of difficult CASP targets provided for modeling. Proteins 2016; 84(Suppl 1):20–33. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
New insight into the architecture of oxy‐anion pocket in unliganded conformation of GAT domains: A MD‐simulation study
Authors: Bairagya Hridoy R. , Bansal Manju 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTHuman Guanine Monophosphate Synthetase (hGMPS) converts XMP to GMP, and acts as a bifunctional enzyme with N‐terminal “glutaminase” (GAT) and C‐terminal “synthetase” domain. The enzyme is identified as a potential target for anti‐cancer and immunosuppressive therapies. GAT domain of enzyme plays central role in metabolism, and contains conserved catalytic residues Cys104, His190, and Glu192. MD simulation studies on GAT domain suggest that position of oxyanion in unliganded conformation is occupied by one conserved water molecule (W1), which also stabilizes that pocket. This position is occupied by a negatively charged atom of the substrate or ligand in ligand bound crystal structures. In fact, MD simulation study of Ser75 to Val indicates that W1 conserved water molecule is stabilized by Ser75, while Thr152, and His190 also act as anchor residues to maintain appropriate architecture of oxyanion pocket through water mediated H‐bond interactions. Possibly, four conserved water molecules stabilize oxyanion hole in unliganded state, but they vacate these positions when the enzyme (hGMPS)‐substrate complex is formed. Thus this study not only reveals functionally important role of conserved water molecules in GAT domain, but also highlights essential role of other non‐catalytic residues such as Ser75 and Thr152 in this enzymatic domain. The results from this computational study could be of interest to experimental community and provide a testable hypothesis for experimental validation. Conserved sites of water molecules near and at oxyanion hole highlight structural importance of water molecules and suggest a rethink of the conventional definition of chemical geometry of inhibitor binding site. Proteins 2016; 84:360–373. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Redirecting pedicle screws: a revision spinal fusion strategy using three‐dimensional image guidance
Authors: Yoon Jang W. , Nottmeier Eric W. , Rahmathulla Gazanfar , Fenton Douglas S. , Pirris Stephen M. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundPedicle screws are a preferred method for spinal fixation because of their three‐column support and rigid posterior stabilization. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome of patients requiring pedicle screw redirection, and to describe a technique using cone‐beam computed tomography (cbCT).MethodsA retrospective review of 30 patients undergoing revision spinal fusion with redirection of pedicle screws was performed. Fifty pedicle screws were redirected in these patients using cbCT‐based 3D image guidance. They were graded pre‐ and post‐operatively using an established grading system.ResultsNo complications occurred in this study as a result of redirection. No pedicle breach was noted in all of the redirected pedicle screws.ConclusionRedirection of misplaced pedicle screws using cbCT‐based 3D image guidance seems to be safe and accurate in our experience. Further studies are needed to establish its safety, accuracy, fusion rate, and clinical outcome compared with other methods. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Android based new German eID solution for policy making processes
Authors: Rebahi Yacine , Khalil Mateusz , Hohberg Simon , Lorenz Pascal 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn the current paper, we propose a novel mobile‐based architecture that enforces security and privacy protection in the context of mParticipation. This architecture enables the citizens to cast their opinions anonymously and without limitation in time and space. It also removes the burden of preceding registration before any voting process. As the new electronic identity (eID) Cards are replacing the conventional identity cards in most European countries, we also discussed, in this paper, how the new German eID cards can be utilized for mobile participation. The use of the eID cards offers better flexibility and stronger security. A prototype implementation of this architecture is also described in this document, and the related performance is discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hair Follicle Bulge Stem Cells Appear Dispensable for the Acute Phase of Wound Re-epithelialization
Authors: Garcin Clare L. , Ansell David M. , Headon Denis J. , Paus Ralf , Hardman Matthew J. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The cutaneous healing response has evolved to occur rapidly, in order to minimize infection and to re-establish epithelial homeostasis. Rapid healing is achieved through complex coordination of multiple cell types, which importantly includes specific cell populations within the hair follicle (HF). Under physiological conditions, the epithelial compartments of HF and interfollicular epidermis remain discrete, with K15+ve bulge stem cells contributing progeny for HF reconstruction during the hair cycle and as a basis for hair shaft production during anagen. Only upon wounding do HF cells migrate from the follicle to contribute to the neo-epidermis. However, the identity of the first-responding cells, and in particular whether this process involves a direct contribution of K15+ve bulge cells to the early stage of epidermal wound repair remains unclear. Here we demonstrate that epidermal injury in murine skin does not induce bulge activation during early epidermal wound repair. Specifically, bulge cells of uninjured HFs neither proliferate nor appear to migrate out of the bulge niche upon epidermal wounding. In support of these observations, Diphtheria toxin-mediated partial ablation of K15+ve bulge cells fails to delay wound healing. Our data suggest that bulge cells only respond to epidermal wounding during later stages of repair. We discuss that this response may have evolved as a protective safeguarding mechanism against bulge stem cell exhaust and tumorigenesis.
To customize or not to customize? Exploring science teacher customization in an online lesson portal
Authors: Littenberg‐Tobias Joshua , Beheshti Elham , Staudt Carolyn 
Published: January 2016

AbstractNew technologies are increasingly giving science teachers the ability to access and customize science lessons. However, there is substantial debate in the literature about whether and under what conditions teacher customization benefit student learning. In this study, we examined teacher customization of inquiry‐based science lessons from an online lesson portal. We found that students who completed teacher‐customized lessons had greater improvements in science content understanding than students who completed non‐customized lessons. To expand upon this finding, we examined four case studies of teachers who made significant numbers of modifications to lessons: three “high performers” (with increases in student achievement ranging from 64th to 97th percentile) and one “low performer” (7th percentile). We found that high performing teachers modified lessons to include opportunities for students to revisit their predictions, engage in different learning modalities, and make deeper connections between scientific concepts. Changes made by the “low performing” teacher reduced the quality of the lesson, for example, asking students to predict results without sufficient context or information. These findings suggest that teacher customization can improve the quality of inquiry‐based science lessons, but that some teachers may require additional training and support to achieve the benefits of customization. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 53: 349–367, 2016
Cognitive information delivery in geo‐location database based cognitive radio networks
Authors: Feng Zhiyong , Wei Zhiqing , Zhang Qixun , Li Wei , Wang Xin , Qian Yi 
Published: January 2016

AbstractFor the problem of spectrum scarcity and wastage, cognitive radio (CR) technology provides a solution to utilizing the vacant spectrum more efficiently. As one of the most promising techniques to obtain the cognitive information in TV white spaces, geo‐location database approach has attracted a lot of recent attentions, with its goal of enhancing the efficiency of spectrum usage and avoiding the interference to TV receivers. However, existing works mainly focus on the construction and applications of geo‐location database, and seldom consider how to deliver the cognitive information from the database to TV band devices. In this paper, we investigate the tradeoff between increasing the accuracy of cognitive information delivery and reducing the overhead. We design two mesh fusion algorithms to reduce the redundancy of cognitive information and improve the efficiency of cognitive information delivery. Finally, we verify our analysis and evaluate the efficiency of the proposed mesh fusion algorithms through numerical studies. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of puberty in the making and breaking of young ballet dancers: Perspectives of dance teachers
Authors: Mitchell Siobhan B. , Haase Anne M. , Malina Robert M. , Cumming Sean P. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTPhysical changes associated with puberty may conflict with functional and aesthetic ideals for a career in ballet. The dance teacher is in a position to guide young dancers through the pubertal transition, although dancers rather than teachers are often the focus of research. This study explores the social stimulus value of the female body in ballet as perceived by the dance teacher and how value may change during puberty. Ten UK dance teachers were interviewed; interpretative phenomenological analysis was used. Four main themes perceived by dance teachers emerged as central to the social stimulus value of the body among adolescent dancers: the ideal body; teacher approaches to managing puberty in the dance environment; puberty as a ‘make or break’ stage in ballet; and teacher awareness of pubertal onset and the implications of timing. Dance teachers can play an important role in moderating external and individual expectations during the pubertal transition.
Systematic Review: Is Prescription of Pressure-relieving Air Cushions Justified in Acute and Subacute Settings?
Authors: Folan Alyce , Downie Sharon , Bond Annabelle 
Published: January 2016

Background/Objective Pressure injuries are a common yet largely preventable complication of hospitalisation. Whilst occupational therapists commonly prescribe pressure-relieving devices to reduce these risks, evidence to support clinical decision-making is limited. The purpose of this study was thus to examine research literature as to the efficacy of pneumatic cushions for general acute/subacute patient populations. Methods A systematic search of various databases was conducted, and the literature was then appraised using standardised inclusion/exclusion parameters. Results Three randomised controlled trials were identified that met search criteria. Conclusion Whilst there is currently preliminary evidence to support the effectiveness of pneumatic pressure-relieving cushions as compared to standard foam, specific recommendations as to a preferred make/model of cushion for use within general hospital settings are not supported at this time.
The Effect of a Written and Pictorial Home Exercise Prescription on Adherence for People with Stroke
Authors: Kara Sheetal , Ntsiea Mokgobadibe Veronica 
Published: January 2016

Background/Objective Functional recovery for stroke survivors begins with rehabilitation. It may not be feasible for therapists to supervise all rehabilitation, especially in the home environment. Therefore, adherence to prescribed exercise programmes is important. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of a written and pictorial home exercise prescription on adherence to a home exercise programme in patients with stroke. Methods This was a randomised controlled trial with a blinded assessor. The control group received a home exercise programme with verbal instructions, while the intervention group received the same home exercise programme with verbal instructions but with additional written and pictorial instructions for the exercises. An exercise logbook was used to monitor adherence. The Modified Rivermead Mobility Index (MRMI) and Barthel Index (BI) were used to establish mobility and activities of daily living. Results There were a total of 42 participants, with 21 in each group; mean age was 60.8 ± 15.5 years. Forty (95%) of the participants had suffered a stroke less than 4 months prior to the study. Both control and intervention groups had similar outcomes: there was no significant difference between groups with regard to functional ability (MRMI, p = .40; Bl, p = .65) and adherence (p = .53). The relationship between functional ability (MRMI and Bl) and the level of adherence for both the control and intervention groups was not statistically significant. Conclusion The addition of a written and pictorial home exercise prescription does not lead to better adherence to a home exercise programme compared to having no written and pictorial instructions. Possible reasons may be that patients had caregivers as a support system, and the exercise logbook served as a reminder and motivational track record for patients. There also does not appear to be a relationship between functional ability and level of adherence, which may be due to most of the study participants being within the optimal time frame for spontaneous functional recovery. Further study at different time frames in stroke rehabilitation in different contexts is recommended.
Narrative Identity and Diachronic Self-Knowledge
Authors: HARRELSON KEVIN J. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT:Our ability to tell stories about ourselves has captivated many theorists, and some have taken these developments for an opportunity to answer long-standing questions about the nature of personhood. In this essay I employ two skeptical arguments to show that this move was a mistake. The first argument rests on the observation that storytelling is revisionary. The second implies that our stories about ourselves are biased in regard to our existing self-image. These arguments undercut narrative theories of identity, but they leave room for a theory of narrative self-knowledge. The theory accommodates the first skeptical argument because there are event descriptions with retrospective assertibility conditions, and it accommodates the second argument by denying us epistemic privilege in regard to our own past. The result is that we do know our past through storytelling, but that it is a contingent feature of some of our stories that they are about ourselves.
AMS 14C Dating at the Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre (SUERC) Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory
Authors: Dunbar E , Cook G T , Naysmith P , Tripney B G , Xu S 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis paper describes all the major procedures adopted by the Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre (SUERC) Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory. This includes sample pretreatment, graphite production, accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) measurement, associated stable isotope measurements, data handling, and age calculations, but with the main emphasis being on the chemical pretreatment methods. All of the above enable the laboratory to provide a complete analytical service comprising advice on sample selection, preparation and analysis of samples, and Bayesian analysis of resulting 14C (and other) data. This applies to both our research and commercial activities. The pretreatment methods that we mainly focus on are used to remove contaminant carbon from a range of sample types or to isolate a particular chemical fraction from a sample prior to combustion/hydrolysis, graphitization, and subsequent AMS 14C measurement. The methods described are for bone (collagen extraction, with and without ultrafiltration), cremated bone, tooth enamel, charcoal, grain, carbon residues, shell, wood (including alpha-cellulose isolation), peat, sediments, textiles, fuel/biofuel, and forensic samples.