bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economic growth and development with low‐carbon energy
Authors: Fankhauser Sam , Jotzo Frank 
Published: October 2017

Energy is needed for economic growth, and access to cheap, reliable energy is an essential development objective. Historically most incremental energy demand has been met through fossil fuels; however, in future that energy will have to be low carbon and ultimately zero‐carbon. Decarbonization can and needs to happen at varying speeds in all countries, depending on national circumstances. This article reviews the implications of a transition to low‐carbon energy on economic growth and development in current low‐income countries. It sets out empirical findings about trajectories for energy intensity and emissions intensity of economic growth; explores pathways to accelerate decarbonization; reviews the theoretical and empirical literature on economic costs and co‐benefits of energy decarbonization; and assesses analytical approaches. It discusses the opportunities that might arise in terms of a cleaner, more dynamic and more sustainable growth model, and the options for developing countries to implement a less‐carbon intensive model of economic development.WIREs Clim Change2018, 9:e495. doi: 10.1002/wcc.495This article is categorized under:Climate Economics > Economics and Climate ChangeClimate and Development > Decoupling Emissions from Development
Failing Fast
Authors: Kvalnes Øyvind 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis chapter explores how learning from failure requires close attention to the distinction between causes of failure and blame for failure. It also identifies and discusses three psychological phenomena that pose a challenge to effective learning from failure. All of them have links to the communication climate for voicing a concern that the proposed course of action may not after all be the best one. First, the sunk-cost-fallacy is the tendency we have to follow through on an activity even when it is not meeting our expectations, because of the resources we have already invested in it. Second, research on the bystander effect indicates that the more people who are witness to an event that calls for help or some other form of intervention, the less likely it is that anybody will step forward and help or intervene. Third, people are vulnerable to the confirmation fallacy, in that they have a tendency to notice information that is in line with their beliefs and assumptions, and to disregard information that gives them reason to reconsider.
Coping with Fallibility in Aviation
Authors: Kvalnes Øyvind 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis chapter focuses on the lessons learned in aviation about coping with fallibility. Safety in aviation has improved in recent decades because of a shared realization that pilots are fallible beings. There has been a shift in attitude, from seeing pilots as extraordinary, infallible individuals who could be trusted to bring the plane safely to its destination, to understanding air travel as depending on teamwork, where all the individuals involved depend on feedback and support from others. The development of Crew Resource Management (CRM) tools and training practices have strengthened the safety climate. The chapter builds on interviews with a pilot and a flight engineer. These are interpreted in light of theoretical contributions from social psychology.
Industrial antifoam agents impair ethanol fermentation and induce stress responses in yeast cells
Authors: Nielsen Jens Christian , Senne de Oliveira Lino Felipe , Rasmussen Thomas Gundelund , Thykær Jette , Workman Christopher T. , Basso Thiago Olitta 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The Brazilian sugarcane industry constitutes one of the biggest and most efficient ethanol production processes in the world. Brazilian ethanol production utilizes a unique process, which includes cell recycling, acid wash, and non-aseptic conditions. Process characteristics, such as extensive CO2 generation, poor quality of raw materials, and frequent contaminations, all lead to excessive foam formation during fermentations, which is treated with antifoam agents (AFA). In this study, we have investigated the impact of industrial AFA treatments on the physiology and transcriptome of the industrial ethanol strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae CAT-1. The investigated AFA included industrially used AFA acquired from Brazilian ethanol plants and commercially available AFA commonly used in the fermentation literature. In batch fermentations, it was shown that industrial AFA compromised growth rates and glucose uptake rates, while commercial AFA had no effect in concentrations relevant for defoaming purposes. Industrial AFA were further tested in laboratory scale simulations of the Brazilian ethanol production process and proved to decrease cell viability compared to the control, and the effects were intensified with increasing AFA concentrations and exposure time. Transcriptome analysis showed that AFA treatments induced additional stress responses in yeast cells compared to the control, shown by an up-regulation of stress-specific genes and a down-regulation of lipid biosynthesis, especially ergosterol. By documenting the detrimental effects associated with chemical AFA, we highlight the importance of developing innocuous systems for foam control in industrial fermentation processes.
Self‐Aggregation and Emulsifying Properties of Methyl Ester Sulfonate Surfactants
Authors: Asselah Amel , Pinazo Aurora , Mezei Amalia , Pérez Lourdes , Tazerouti Amel 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMethyl ester sulfonate (MES) anionic surfactants made from natural resources are of particular interest as sustainable surfactants. They offer good physicochemical properties for applications as detergents and emulsifiers. The liquid crystal structures of MES surfactants synthesized in a previous work were determined by polarizing optical microscopy (POM) and small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS). The emulsifying activity for each surfactant was also measured, and the stability of emulsions was estimated and compared to that induced by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The POM micrographs showed the presence of birefringent textures. Several factors, including temperature and hydration, influenced the stability of the phases and their structure. SAXS confirmed the structure of the phases formed by dry and hydrated ф‐MES surfactants at 25 °C, giving the position of peaks corresponding to the ratio 1:2:3 and revealing the phase transitions of lamellar to double lamellar or the reverse. Also, the Bragg distance (d) decreased with an increase in chain length from 13 to 17 carbon atoms and an increase in the area per molecule of surfactant. The geometric packing parameters were also determined, and suggest that surfactants are tilted. The stability of surfactant emulsions is around 60%, which is comparable to that of SDS. The micrographs show that the emulsions formed are O/W, and an increase in chain length gives rise to a decrease in the size of the emulsion droplets. These results are confirmed by the values of hydrophilic‐lipophilic balance (HLB) which reveals the hydrophilic nature of these surfactants.
Vibration Analysis of Non-Uniform Imperfect Functionally Graded Beams with Porosities in Thermal Environment
Authors: Ebrahimi F. , Hashemi M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn the present study, thermo-mechanical vibration behavior of non-uniform beams made of functionally graded (FG) porous material are investigated under different thermal loadings for the first time. It is observed that during the fabrication of functionally graded materials (FGMs) porosities and micro-voids can be occured inside the material, thus in this study vibration analysis of FG beams by considering the effect of these imperfections is performed. Material properties of the FG beam are assumed to be temperature-dependent and vary continuously through thickness direction according to a power-law scheme which is modified to approximate material properties for both even and uneven distributions of the porosities. Different thermal environmental conditions, including uniform, linear and non-linear temperature changes through the thickness direction are considered. The motion equations are derived based on the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory through Hamilton's principle and they are solved applying the differential transformation method (DTM). In order to show the accuracy of the present analysis, comparisons are made with previous researches and an excellent agreement is observed. The obtained results are presented for the thermo-mechanical vibration characteristics of the FG beams such as the influences of various temperature rises, gradient index, porosity volume fraction, taper ratio and the boundary conditions in detail.
Influence of Non-Physical Chosen Parameters on Impact Dynamics of Discretized Elastic Bodies
Authors: Wang J. Y. , Liu Z. Y. , Hong J. Z. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTIn the dynamic analysis of discretized elastic bodies with contacts/impacts, the common formulations to model contact force include the penalty method and the Lagrangian method, which are different in the constraint imposition strategies. Traditionally, the Lagrangian method is thought to be less efficient due to additional multipliers and numerical complexity, however, the viewpoint is challenged in this paper. The goal of this paper is to investigate how numerical efficiency and accuracy using the two different methods are influenced by some non-physical chosen parameters such as stiffness coefficient, time step size and spatial discretization. An experimental sphere-rod impact problem and a multi-point impact problem are solved to evaluate certain numerical intricacies of the two implementations. The results show that in dealing with normal impact problems, the choice of penalty factor and time step size using the penalty method is not an omissible act to obtain accuracy and stability, while there are no such manually-defined parameters using the Lagrangian method. Moreover, there seems to be a clear advantage of the Lagrangian method in which much less mesh elements are needed to achieve the same accuracy compared to those of the penalty method.
The Inversion and Kelvin's Transformation in Plane Thermoelasticity with Circular or Straight Boundaries
Authors: Chao C. K. , Wu C. H. , Ting K. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe problem of a circular elastic inclusion perfectly bonded to a matrix of infinite extent and subjected to arbitrarily thermal loading has been solved explicitly in terms of the corresponding homogeneous problem based on the inversion and Kelvin's transformation. It is to be noted that the relations established in this paper between the stress functions are algebraic and do not involve integration or solution of some other equations. Furthermore, the transformation leading from the solution for the homogeneous problem to that for the heterogeneous one is very simple, algebraic and universal in the sense of being independent of loading considered. The case of two bonded half-planes is obtained as a limiting case.
Factors Associated with Adherence to Transdermal Nicotine Patches within a Smoking Cessation Effectiveness Trial – CORRIGENDUM
Authors: Handschin Jonnie , Hitsman Brian , Blazekovic Sonja , Veluz-Wilkins Anna , Wileyto E. Paul , Leone Frank T. , Ashare Rebecca L. , Schnoll Robert A. 
Published: October 2017

The above published article by Handschin et al. contains an error in the spelling of an author's name.Brain Hitsman, should read: Brian HitsmanThis error has now been rectified in the online version of this article.
Mineral magnetic record of the Miocene-Pliocene climate transition on the Chinese Loess Plateau, North China
Authors: Ao Hong , Dekkers Mark J. , Roberts Andrew P. , Rohling Eelco J. , An Zhisheng , Liu Xiaodong , Jiang Zhaoxia , Qiang Xiaoke , Xu Yong , Chang Hong 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPre-Quaternary terrestrial climate variability is less well understood than that during the Quaternary. The continuous eolian Red Clay sequence underlying the well-known Quaternary loess-paleosol sequence on the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) provides an opportunity to study pre-Quaternary terrestrial climate variability in East Asia. Here, we present new mineral magnetic records for a recently found Red Clay succession from Shilou area on the eastern CLP, and demonstrate a marked East Asian climate shift across the Miocene-Pliocene boundary (MPB). Pedogenic fine-grained magnetite populations, ranging from superparamagnetic (SP)/single domain (SD) up to small pseudo-single domain (PSD) sizes (i.e., from <30 nm up to ~1000 nm), dominate the magnetic properties. Importantly, our mineral magnetic results indicate that both pedogenic formation of SP grains and transformation of SP grains to SD and small PSD grains accelerated across the MPB in the Shilou Red Clay, which are indicative of enhanced pedogenesis. We relate this enhanced pedogenesis to increased soil moisture availability on the CLP, associated with stronger Asian Summer Monsoon precipitation during an overall period of global cooling. Our study thus provides new insights into the Miocene-Pliocene climate transition in East Asia.
Comparative study of dust ion acoustic Korteweg–de Vries and modified Korteweg–de Vries solitons in dusty plasmas with variable temperatures
Authors: Kalita B. C. , Das S. 
Published: October 2017

In this plasma model, consisting of ions and electrons with pressure variations in both the components in the presence of stationary dust, both compressive and rarefactive Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) solitons of interesting character are established. Based on high dust charge, characteristics of soliton growth are found to be amplified for various pairs of ion and electron streaming speeds. It is noteworthy to mention that for some pairs of ion and electron initial streaming speeds, only compressive KdV solitons with either decreasing or increasing growth are shown to reflect. Contrary to this, for some other pairs of ion and electron streaming speeds, the amplitudes of both rarefactive and compressive solitons are seen to be produced, changing from rarefactive to compressive growth. At the stationary background of the massive dust particles, the lighter particles suffer appreciable initial drifts (backwards streaming) which characteristically change the growth of solitons. For inclusion of higher-order nonlinearity, only compressive modified Korteweg–de Vries (MKdV) solitons of much higher amplitude are found to exist whereas for the same set of parameter values both compressive and rarefactive KdV solitons are found to exist. Smaller values of electron streaming speed are seen to produce high amplitude MKdV solitons. We also observe that due to higher-order nonlinearity, the nonlinear monotonic growth of amplitudes of MKdV solitons is supported by the almost equal streaming speed pairs of ions and electrons for relatively small values of$Z_{d}$, where$Z_{d}$is the number of charges in a dust particle
Assessing the impact of conservation agreements on threatened fish species: a case study in the Colombian Amazon
Authors: Mora Margarita , Palacios Erwin , Niesten Eduard 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAlthough biodiversity has value for the global community, biodiversity protection often imposes costs on local communities. Correcting this misalignment requires appropriate local incentives. Conservation agreements (i.e. negotiated transactions in which conservation investors finance social benefits in return for conservation actions by communities) are a form of direct incentive. The results of this approach depend on effective monitoring of ecological and socio-economic impacts to verify that environmental and development objectives are met. Monitoring is also needed to verify that parties to the agreements comply with their commitments. Ecological monitoring results for agreements between Conservation International and communities in the Colombian Amazon show positive conservation impacts. These agreements are designed to protect forest areas and two threatened fish species that are important to local livelihoods and have high commercial value. We show how effective monitoring is essential for identifying long-term sustainability options. Lessons learned from this project inform reflection on emerging frameworks for scaling up the approach to the national level.
Welfare Grunters and Workfare Monsters? An Empirical Review of the Operation of Two UK ‘Work Programme’ Centres
Authors: JORDAN JOHN DAVID 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWorkfare increases requirements on welfare claimants: a major shift in UK social welfare policy post-1980s. Political, academic and cultural debates surround the ethical basis, and practical operations, of workfare schemes. Moreover, the UK government has claimed that workfare provides value for money in an age of austerity, ‘help and support’ for the long-term unemployed, and ‘incentives’ for increased claimant job-seeking. This article presents results gathered from sociological research into the UK's ‘Work Programme’ workfare scheme in order to contextualise these debates and contribute to wider academic and social policy workfare analyses. It finds a complex picture: a largely pointless scheme, resented by many participants, but providing a basic social service for some others.
Success ratios, new music and sound recording copyright
Authors: Osborne Richard 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis article addresses the uses that record companies have made of two rhetorical tropes. The first is that only one in 10 artists succeed. The second is that they are investing in new music. These two notions have been combined to give the impression that record companies are taking risks both economically and aesthetically. They have been employed to justify the companies’ ownership of sound recording copyright and their system of exclusive, long-term recording contracts. More recently, the rhetoric has been employed to combat piracy, extend the term of sound recording copyright and account for the continuing usefulness of record companies. It is the argument of this article that investment in new music is not necessarily risk-taking; rather, it is the policies derived from risk-taking that provide the financial security of record companies.
Epidemiology of hepatitis C virus among hemodialysis patients in the Middle East and North Africa: systematic syntheses, meta-analyses, and meta-regressions
Authors: HARFOUCHE M. , CHEMAITELLY H. , MAHMUD S. , CHAABNA K. , KOUYOUMJIAN S. P. , AL KANAANI Z. , ABU-RADDAD L. J. 
Published: October 2017

SUMMARYWe aimed to investigate hepatitis C virus (HCV) epidemiology among hemodialysis (HD) patients in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). Our data source was an HCV biological measures database populated through systematic literature searches. Descriptive epidemiologic syntheses, effects meta-analyses and meta-regressions, and genotype analyses were conducted. We analyzed 289 studies, including 106 463 HD patients. HCV incidence ranged between 0 and 100% as seroconversion risk, and between 0 and 14·7 per 1000 person-years as incidence rate. The regional pooled mean estimate was 29·2% (95% CI: 25·6–32·8%) for HCV antibody positive prevalence and 63·0% (95% CI: 55·4–70·3%) for the viremic rate. Region within MENA, country income group, and year of data collection were associated with HCV prevalence; year of data collection adjusted odds ratio was 0·92 (95% CI: 0·90–0·95). Genotype diversity varied across countries with four genotypes documented regionally: genotype 1 (39·3%), genotype 2 (5·7%), genotype 3 (29·6%), and genotype 4 (25·4%). Our findings showed that one-third of HD patients are HCV antibody positive and one-fifth are chronic carriers and can transmit the infection. However, HCV prevalence is declining. In context of growing HD patient population and increasing HCV treatment availability, it is critical to improve standards of infection control in dialysis and expand treatment coverage.
The British Monopoly On The Surat Trade To The Middle East And The Indian Ship-Owning Merchants’ Struggle Against It: 1759–1800
Authors: TORRI MICHELGUGLIELMO 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBetween 1759 and 1800, Surat, still an important trade and financial centre, was under the ultimate rule of the East India Company. Although the EIC justified this as necessary for protecting Surat's inhabitants and, most particularly, the local merchant class, the Company failed not only to protect the Surat merchants against the depredations of Great Britain's European enemies, but also to safeguard the merchants from extortion by local EIC top officials. In fact, the latter imposed what was essentially a protection racket on trade from Surat to the Middle East. This article focuses on the Surat merchants’ long-drawn out and ultimately unsuccessful struggle against what, in the official documents, was dubbed the [British] monopoly of the trade to the “Gulphs”. The episode demonstrates two theses: the first is that the interests of the Surat merchants held little importance to the EIC or its officials, and the second is that, during the period under examination, no mutually beneficial partnership tied the British to the Surat merchants — rather, the relationship was one of naked exploitation by the former of the latter.
Undergraduate Students' Exposure, Knowledge, Utilization, and Intended Use of the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline
Authors: Hedman-Robertson Amy S. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Background: Suicide is a leading cause of death among college students. Crisis hotlines play a role in linking suicidal individuals to help. Despite leading to favorable outcomes, low utilization of crisis outlines has been reported. Aims: To explore exposure, knowledge, and utilization of the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline (NSPL) among a sample of university students; to determine if knowledge and perceived helpfulness of NSPL predict intent to use NSPL. Method: The researcher surveyed 560 students attending a Midwestern university to assess knowledge of, and attitudes toward, the NSPL. Results: Those who reported seeing the NSPL advert (50%) perceived the NSPL to be more helpful than those who had not seen the advert. Only 29% (n = 160) were able to identify who would answer the NSPL (a trained, skilled counselor). Only 1% (n = 4) reported utilization. Participants who reported past exposure to the NSPL advert reported higher levels of perceived helpfulness of the NSPL. Perceived helpfulness of the NSPL was a weak predictor of likelihood to use the NSPL. Limitations: The study limitations include its small sample size; participants' likelihood to use the NSPL was assessed using independent symptoms. Conclusion: Further research is needed to identify college students' underlying attitudes toward the NSPL.
Enhanced HOXA10 sumoylation inhibits embryo implantation in women with recurrent implantation failure
Authors: Jiang Ruiwei , Ding Lijun , Zhou Jianjun , Huang Chenyang , Zhang Qun , Jiang Yue , Liu Jingyu , Yan Qiang , Zhen Xin , Sun Jianxin , Yan Guijun , Sun Haixiang 
Published: October 2017

AbstractHOXA10 has emerged as an important molecular marker of endometrial receptivity. Recurrent implantation failure (RIF) after in vitro fertilization-embryo transplantation (IVF-ET) treatment is associated with impaired endometrial receptivity, but the exact underlying mechanism of this phenomenon remains elusive. Here we found that HOXA10 was modified by small ubiquitin like-modifier 1 (SUMO1) at the evolutionarily conserved lysine 164 residue. Sumoylation inhibited HOXA10 protein stability and transcriptional activity without affecting its subcellular localization. SUMO1-modified HOXA10 expression was decreased in estradiol- and progesterone-treated Ishikawa cells. Sumoylation inhibited the accelerant role of HOXA10 in BeWo spheroid and mouse embryo attachment to Ishikawa cells. Importantly, aberrantly high SUMO1-HOXA10 expression was detected in mid-secretory endometria of women with RIF compared with that of the control fertile women. Together, our results suggest that HOXA10 sumoylation impairs the process of embryo implantation in vitro and takes part in the development of RIF.