bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Mass-Preserving S-DDM Scheme for Two-Dimensional Parabolic Equations
Authors: Zhou Zhongguo , Liang Dong 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn the paper, we develop and analyze a new mass-preserving splitting domain decomposition method over multiple sub-domains for solving parabolic equations. The domain is divided into non-overlapping multi-bock sub-domains. On the interfaces of sub-domains, the interface fluxes are computed by the semi-implicit (explicit) flux scheme. The solutions and fluxes in the interiors of sub-domains are computed by the splitting one-dimensional implicit solution-flux coupled scheme. The important feature is that the proposed scheme is mass conservative over multiple non-overlapping sub-domains. Analyzing the mass-preserving S-DDM scheme is difficult over non-overlapping multi-block sub-domains due to the combination of the splitting technique and the domain decomposition at each time step. We prove theoretically that our scheme satisfies conservation of mass over multi-block non-overlapping sub-domains and it is unconditionally stable. We further prove the convergence and obtain the error estimate in L2-norm. Numerical experiments confirm theoretical results.
Development of a High-Resolution Scheme for Solving the PNP-NS Equations in Curved Channels
Authors: Sheu Tony W. H. , Bhumkar Yogesh G. , Yuan S. T. , Syue S. C. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA high-order finite difference scheme has been developed to approximate the spatial derivative terms present in the unsteady Poisson-Nernst-Planck (PNP) equations and incompressible Navier-Stokes (NS) equations. Near the wall the sharp solution profiles are resolved by using the combined compact difference (CCD) scheme developed in five-point stencil. This CCD scheme has a sixth-order accuracy for the second-order derivative terms while a seventh-order accuracy for the first-order derivative terms. PNP-NS equations have been also transformed to the curvilinear coordinate system to study the effects of channel shapes on the development of electroos-motic flow. In this study, the developed scheme has been analyzed rigorously through the modified equation analysis. In addition, the developed method has been computationally verified through four problems which are amenable to their own exact solutions. The electroosmotic flow details in planar and wavy channels have been explored with the emphasis on the formation of Coulomb force. Significance of different forces resulting from the pressure gradient, diffusion and Coulomb origins on the convective electroosmotic flow motion is also investigated in detail.
Integrating a mini catchment with mulching for soil water management in a sloping jujube orchard on the semiarid Loess Plateau of China
Authors: Li H. C. , Gao X. D. , Zhao X. N. , Wu P. T. , Li L. S. , Ling Q. , Sun W. H. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract. Conserving more soil water is of great importance to the sustainability of arid and semiarid orchards. Here we integrated fish-scale pits, semicircular mini-catchments for hill slope runoff collection, with mulches to test their effects on soil water storage in a 12-year-old dryland jujube orchard on the Loess Plateau of China, by using soil water measurements from April 2013 to November 2014. This experiment included four treatments: fish-scale pits with branch mulching (FB), fish-scale pits with straw mulching (FS), fish-scale pits without mulching (F), and bare land treatment (CK). Soil water was measured using the TRIME®-IPH time-domain reflectometer (TDR) tool in 20 cm intervals down to a depth of 180 cm, and was measured once every 2 weeks in the 2013 and 2014 growing seasons. The results showed that fish-scale pits with mulching were better in soil water conservation. Average soil water storage (SWS, for short) of FB at soil layer depths of 0–180 cm increased by 14.23 % (2013) and 21.81 % (2014), respectively, compared to CK, but only increased by 4.82 % (2013) and 5.34 % (2014), respectively, for the F treatment. The degree of soil water compensation, WS, was employed here to represent to what extent soil water was recharged from precipitation at the end of the rainy season relative to that at the beginning of the rainy season. A positive (negative) WS larger (lower) soil water content at the end of rainy season than at the beginning. For the treatment of FB, the values of WS over the entire soil profile were greater than 0; for the treatment of F, negative values of WS were observed in depths of 60–100 cm in both years. However, the bare land treatment showed negative values in depths of 40–180 cm. This indicated that integrating fish-scale pits with mulching could significantly increase soil water storage by increasing infiltration and decreasing evaporation, and it showed greater soil water storage and degree of soil water compensation compared to fish-scale pits alone. Since the branches used for mulching here were trimmed jujube branches, the cost of mulching materials was largely reduced. Therefore, integration of fish-scale pits with branch mulching is recommended in orchards for soil water conservation on the Loess Plateau and potentially for other regions.
Y-Split Recession vs Isolated Recession of the Lateral Rectus Muscle in the Treatment of Vertical Shooting in Exotropic Duane Retraction Syndrome
Authors: Farid Mohamed Fathy A. 
Published: February 2016

Purpose To compare the results of 2 surgical procedures in the management of vertical shooting in exotropic Duane retraction syndrome (XT-DRS). Methods This was a prospective, interventional study of consecutive patients with XT-DRS with vertical shooting on adduction operated on from August 2012 to January 2015. A total of 25 patients were identified and were divided into 2 groups: the Y-split (Y) group, which included 12 patients, who underwent Y-splitting with recession of the lateral rectus muscle (LR); and the isolated recession (R) group, which included 13 patients, who underwent isolated LR recession. Surgical outcomes in both groups were compared in terms of improvements in vertical shoots, ocular deviation, and face turn. Results Upshoot, downshoot, XT, and face turn showed significant postoperative improvement in both groups (p<0.001). When comparing the groups, the difference in the average correction of the upshoot and downshoot was statistically significant ( p = 0.0004 and 0.0174, respectively) in benefit of the Y-group. One case of horizontal overcorrection (consecutive esotropia) with another case of horizontal undercorrection (persistent XT) were reported postoperatively in the Y-group. Conclusions In our series, both procedures achieved comparable results in the correction of XT and face turn. The combined Y-split recession procedure attained a more significant improvement of upshoot and downshoot but with higher incidence of postoperative complications.
Surgical Management of Traumatic Nasolacrimal duct Obstruction
Authors: Uzun Feyzahan , Karaca Emine Esra , Konuk Onur 
Published: February 2016

Purpose To evaluate etiologies, demographics, and surgical outcomes in cases of traumatic nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO). Methods Charts of 35 patients with the diagnosis of traumatic NLDO were reviewed retrospectively. Patient demographics, type of trauma, previous lacrimal surgery history, surgical treatment, follow-up time, and anatomical and functional outcomes were evaluated. Results Forty eyes of 35 patients were included in this study over 12 years. Twenty-four patients were male (68.5%) and the mean age of the patients was 31.52 ± 14.58 years (range 9-68). The most common etiology was motor vehicle accidents (52.5%), followed by high velocity blunt injury (27.5%), accidental fall (7.5%), occupational trauma (5%), iatrogenic surgical trauma (5%), and animal bite (2.5%). A total of 21 eyes (52.5%) were treated with external dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR), 30% with conjunctival DCR, 15% with endoscopic DCR, and 2.5% with diode laser-assisted DCR. Mean follow-up time was 23.02 ± 13.53 months. Functional and anatomical success was recorded in 37 out of 40 eyes (92.5%). Conclusions Naso-orbitoethmoidal fracture is the main etiology of traumatic NLDO. The majority of the injuries occurred in male participants from motor vehicle accidents and high-velocity blunt injury. Dacryocystorhinostomy provides anatomical and functional success in 92.5% of cases of traumatic NLDO.
Evaluation of Anterior Segment Parameters in Patients with Neurofibromatosis Type 1
Authors: Duru Necati , Göktaş Emre , Özköse Ayşe , Duru Zeynep , Altunel Orhan , Ataş Mustafa , Özlü Emin 
Published: February 2016

Purpose To evaluate anterior segment parameters in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) in comparison to healthy individuals. Methods A total of 34 eyes from 17 patients with NF1 and 34 eyes from 17 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals were included in this study. Each participant underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic assessment including best-corrected visual acuity, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, stereoscopic fundus examination, and intraocular pressure. Central corneal thickness, corneal volume, corneal curvatures (K1 and K2), anterior chamber depth, anterior chamber volume, iridocorneal angle, and pupil size values were measured by Pentacam Scheimpflug camera. Results The mean anterior chamber depth, iridocorneal angle, and anterior chamber volume measurements revealed signiﬁcantly lower values when compared with the control group (p<0.001, p<0.001, and p = 0.041, respectively). However, the mean pupil size was significantly larger when compared with the control group (p = 0.008). Central corneal thickness, corneal volume, K1, and K2 values were similar between the study and control groups (p = 0.875, p = 0.549, p = 0.066, and p = 0.166, respectively). Conclusions Our results reveal that NF1 is associated with statistically signiﬁcant alterations in anterior chamber depth, iridocorneal angle, anterior chamber volume, and pupil size in patients with NF1 when compared with healthy controls.
Andreas (Andy) Lowenfeld (1930–2014)
Authors:   Lord Collins of Mapesbury
Published: February 2016

Andy Lowenfeld, a member of the Board of Editors of this journal from 1978 to 1995, and an honorary editor thereafter, died on June 9, 2014, a few days after his eighty-fourth birthday, in New York City.Everyone who knew him, as friend, or colleague, or student, or client, wondered at his sparkling intellect, infectious humor, imagination, and boundless curiosity. He always questioned. He never took anything for granted. He was no narrow specialist. His interests included aviation law, international economic law, private international law, public international law, and procedural law. More than any other author or practitioner in the United States, he decried “the unconvincing separation between public and private international law” and practiced what he preached.
Response of viral hepatitis B and C to interferon alpha treatment: Possible role of MGP-Positive lymphoid cells
Authors: Ejeckam G. , Joseph M. , Abdulla F. , El Dweik N. 
Published: February 2016

Fifty-six needle liver biopsies from 28 patients with viral hepatitis B (15 cases) and hepatitis C (13 cases) treated with Interferon alpha for a minimum of six months were studied with the aim of determining the role of MGP-positive lymphoid cell infiltrates in the response to treatment with interferon. Besides assessing the MGP-positive cells, the following parameters were assessed and graded: (i) Inflammation in and around the portal tracts, (ii) fibrosis, nodularity and cirrhosis, (iii) piece-meal necrosis (inter-face hepatitis), (iv) lobular activity, (v) stainable iron. Sec-tions were stained with H&E, PAS, PASD, Perl, Masson Trichrome and MGP (Methyl Green Pyronin). All the parameters were graded 1 to 3 except stainable iron which was noted as present or absent.Fourteen patients (50%) demonstrated histological evidence of a response to treatment. Seven of these showed a very pronounced response with the post treatment liver bi-opsies returning almost to normal. Five of the seven, 27.8% of all MGP stained cases and 71% of all brisk responses, contained ten or more MGP-positive lymphoid cells in the portal tracts.In contrast, the non-responsive and worsened cases con-tained less than five MGP-positive cells as well as a pre-dominantly small mature lymphocytic infiltrate in the por-tal tracts.Severity of piece-meal necrosis, lobular activity, portal tract inflammation, the presence or absence of stainable iron, were not of predictive value in the response of viral hepatitis to treatment with interferon alpha.It appears that MGP-positive lymphoid cells, most prob-ably immune competent activated lymphoid cells, have a positive influence on, and are of predictive value for, the response to treatment of viral hepatitis B and C with inter-feron alpha.
The value of percutaneous fine needle aspiration cytology under ultrasound guidance in the diagnosis of pancreatic masses
Authors: Salih H. , Hatam H. , Al Hadithi R. , Al Kaysi A. 
Published: February 2016

Between September 1996 and May 1999 twenty six pa-tients with a pancreatic mass were studied. In 24 patients (92.3%) the masses could be detected by ultrasound but were not detectable in the other two cases. In the 24 pa-tients percutaneous FN AC under u/s guidance produced only one complication.
The accuracy of this test in diagnosing pancreatic ma-lignant tumours was 90.4%. Laparotomy was not neces-sary in three cases with advanced pancreatic carcinoma (11.5%) and the material aspirated was not suitable for di-agnosis in three cases. No benign lesions were found and so it was not possible to estimate the reliability of FN AC in their diagnosis.
The rational use of a local scoring system to differentiate between septic arthritis & transient synovitis in children
Authors: Kuda E. , Al Wahadneh A. 
Published: February 2016

In order to study the specificity and the sensitivity of a locally produced scoring system to differentiate between septic arthritis and transient synovitis at initial presentation, the records of 33 cases of irritable hip, 24 males and nine females, in the Pediatric departments of King Hussein Medical Center and Prince Rashid Military Hospital, Jordan, were reviewed retrospectively. Septic arthritis was diagnosed in nine patients all of whom scored nine or above; none were missed with false low scores. The sensitivity and specificity for this local scoring system were calculated to be 100% and 91.66% respectively. The positive predictive value was 81.81%.Conclusion: There is a significant overlap in the temperature; erythrocyte sedimentation rate and WBC count in children with toxic synovitis and septic arthritis of the hip. We found our local scoring system useful in predicting the patients at high or moderate risk of septic arthritis thus avoiding unnecessary invasive investigations and unjustified prolonged admissions and antimicrobial treatment.
Obesity in pregnancy
Authors: Sharief M. , Tarik A. 
Published: February 2016

This prospective study was carried out in Basrah ma-ternity hospital (Basrah-Iraq) during the eight months of Dec.1997-Aug.1998 to study the obstetrical performance and outcome of pregnancy in 20 (>90kg) obese patients compared to 20 non-obese controls.
The incidence of obesity in their infants was also com-pared. There was no significant increase in the incidence of urinary tract infection, diabetes, caesarean section and forceps delivery.
There was a significantly increased incidence of hyper-tensive disorders of pregnancy (P < 0.01 odds ratio 0.33), and also inadequate weight gain (P < 0.01).
Apgar scores and perinatal mortality were not signifi-cantly different in the two groups.
Percutaneous fluoroscopic guided gastrostomy: 6 Years experience in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al Rawas M. 
Published: February 2016

Purpose: To assess the local experience with the percutaneous fluoroscopic gastrostomy (PG) with regard to indications, outcome, limitations and complications of the procedure.
Method: Retrospective analysis of 33 patients in whom PG was requested and performed over a period of 6 years.
Results: All 33 patients had successful catheter placement. Six patients had their catheters advanced to the jejunum (transgastric jejunostomy). Two patients had PG after failed endoscopic gastrostomy (EG). No major complications were encountered within the first 30 days. Minor complications were noted in seven patients (21%). Three patients (9%) had local infection at the stoma. The other four patients (12%) had catheter occlusion (use-related complications) that required catheter change. Longterm follow-up in eight patients showed a pericatheter leak at the stoma in three patients that was managed by change and step-up in the feeding catheter; French size. There was no 30-day mortality.
Conclusion: The results indicate that PG is a safe and effective method for enteral feeding. It is useful for short and long-term feeding. Failed EG can be considered an indication for PG.
The Tuberculin Test in Children with Tuberculosis in the State of Qatar
Authors: Al Marri M. , Al Qatami M. , Al Janahi M. 
Published: February 2016

To correlate standard tuberculin skin test (TST) results in children diagnosed with active tuberculosis (TB), data was collected retrospectively from the tuberculosis treatment unit, State of Qatar, during the period 1992 to 1996. Sixtysix patients with confirmed tuberculosis included 42 (64%) with pulmonary TB, 24 (36%) with extra-pulmonary TB, 34 Qatar nationals (52%) and 36 females (55%). Mean TST was 13.5 mm ± 9.8mm. TST was negative in 18 (27%), 5-10 mm in three (5%), 10-15 mm in eight (12%) and 15mm or more in 37 (56%) patients. Lower false negative (reaction less than 10mm) was found in five (18%) of the older children (10 to 14 years).
It is concluded that, since one-third of the children with confirmed active tuberculosis had a false negative TST, clinical judgement remains the essential determinant. However, TST remains a potent aide for epidemiological and diagnostic purposes and periodic assessment of this is highly recommended.
Adult Still's Disease in Qatar Clinical & Laboratory Features and Treatment
Authors: Al Ani A. M. , Hammoudeh M. , Khanjar I. 
Published: February 2016

Adult-onset StilVs disease remains a clinical diagnosis and a diagnosis of exclusion: its prompt recognition will avoid unnecessary diagnostic procedures and delay in ini-tiating therapy.
The clinical and laboratory features and treatment of 16 patients with Adult-onset StilVs Disease (AOSD) at Hamad General Hospital (HGH) were studied and com-pared with 62 patients of G. Pouchot.
Eight patients were female (50%), ten (62.5%) hadpoly-arthritis and rash, fourteen (87%) had fever > 39°C. Leu-kocytosis, thrombocytosis and hyperferritinemia were present in most of the patients.
Effect of Dexamethasone in Acute Laryngotracheitis
Authors: Al Khaldi O. , Raggad M. , Aldhanhani M. S. 
Published: February 2016

Fifty eight patients between the ages of six months and five years were studied in a randomized double-blind trial to determine whether dexamethasone has a role in the outpatient management of patients with acute viral croup of moderate severity. For various reasons, twelve were excluded from the final results. In the 46 patients who completed the study (32 males, 14 females) the only significant differences detected between the treatment groups were that the duration ofrhinorrhea was longer in the dexamethasone group compared with placebo (median 2,5 days vs 1,5 day) and the pre-discharge croup score was higher in the dexamethasone group compared with placebo (2 vs 0).
Conclusion: The use of dexamethasone in the outpatient management of viral croup is associated with a reduction in the severity of illness within 24 hours of treatment. Patients with viral croup of moderate severity should be considered candidates for the use of dexamethasone before discharge from the paediatric emergency clinic.
Changes in Testosterone Levels During the Fasting Month of Ramadan
Authors: Mira S. A. 
Published: February 2016

During the month of Muslim fasting (Ramadan) many people alter their sleeping habits and stay awake most of the night In this study I looked into the effect of this alteration as well as the effect of fasting on testosterone and its circadian variation in fifty-eight (58) healthy adults. Fortysix (46) of the subjects showed alteration of the diurnal variation during the third week of fasting. Thirty-eight (38) males showed significant increase in evening testosterone level and eight (8) females showed significant decrease of morning testosterone level (P < 0.001 in both). These findings suggest that alteration in sleeping pattern during Ramadan has a significant effect on testosterone levels.
Pre-Operative Versus Post-Operative Peritonsillar Infiltration with Local Anesthetic on Post-Tonsillectomy Pain
Authors: Nawasreh O. , Momani O. , Tawalbeh M. 
Published: February 2016

To compare the efficacy of either preoperative or postoperative peritonsillar infiltration of local anesthetic upon posttonsillectomy pain, 70patients aged 15/40 years scheduled for elective tonsillectomy under general anesthesia were divided into three groups. Six patients were excluded for failure to complete the postoperative data, two patients had post-operative bleeding and two patients developed otitis media on the second day postoperatively.
Twenty patients received peritonsillar infiltration with 0.25% bupivacaine, twenty received 0.9% saline and a third group of twenty had peritonsillar infiltration with 0.25% bupivacaine after completion of surgery but before being awakened from anesthesia. Significant changes occurred with bupivacaine infiltration in reducing pain during the first 24 hours after surgery.
It is concluded that preoperative and postoperative blocking of nociceptive impulses reduces postoperative pain but causes no reduction in the intake of analgesics. It is further suggested that the timing of peritonsillar infiltration with bupivacaine is not of clinical importance and does not affect the quality of postoperative analgesia in a patient undergoing tonsillectomy.
The Effect of Obesity in Pregnancy on Perinatal Outcome in Qatar
Authors: Abu Yaacob S. , Saad F. A. , Sharara H. A. , Khalifa L. , Manther A. A. , Rashed Y. A. 
Published: February 2016

To determine the prevalence of obesity amongst pregnant women in Qatar and to compare pregnancy complications and perinatal outcome among obese and non-obese women, a retrospective controlled study was conducted at the Women's Hospital, Doha, during the period from 1st January to the end of June 2001. We compared 75 obese and 75 non-obese women matched for age and parity.
Maternal demografic variables included maternal age, parity, race and body mass index. The antepartum variables were gestational diabetes, pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), abruptio placentae and intrauterine growth restriction. Intrapartum variables were preterm labor; mode of delivery and meconium in labor. Neonatal variables included low birth weight, macrosomia, low Apgar score, stillbirth and admission to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU).
Compared to non-obese women, obese pregnant women had significantly adverse perinatal outcomes including gestational diabetes (34.7% vs. 12%, P < 0.001), PIH (16% vs. 2.7%, P = 0.012), macrosomia (20% vs. 6.7%, P = 0.031), cesarean section (29.3% vs. 13.3%, P = 0.038) and admission to NICU (17.3 vs. 5.3%, p = 0.039). Other adverse outcomes were higher in the obese group but the differences were not statistically significant.
Obesity in pregnancy appears to be an independent risk factor for adverse perinatal outcome. Maternal obesity may be one of the most important preventable risk factors for perinatal morbidity and mortality.