bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative study between proximal femur locking compression plate and dynamic hip screw fixation in management of intertrochantric femur fractures
Authors: Meena Mithlesh Kumar , Joshi Vinay 
Published: November 2016

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Proximal femur fractures are one of the commonest fracture encountered in orthopaedic trauma practice. Dynamic hip screw (DHS) is the gold standard procedure for treatment for stable intertrochanteric fractures, however problem arises with unstable fractures in maintenance of neck shaft angle and proper reduction. Here we are giving results of trochanteric fractures treated with proximal femoral locking compression plate (PFLCP) as compared with dynamic hip screw (DHS).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This study was a prospective study. Two groups of trochanteric fractures of 25 patients operated with DHS and LCP were taken. Each patient was followed-up from July 2011 to October 2012 for minimum of 12 month or till the bony union.<strong> </strong>Every fracture was classified according to AO classification. Functional results will be assessed as per modified Harris hip evaluation score.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Among 25 patient treated with PFLCP, length discrepancy was .857 cm while that for DHS was 1.2 cm. The mean time of unaided walking with LCP Was 14.20 weeks while for DHS it was 16.20 weeks. The mean varus angulation for LCP 8 degree while for DHS 10.2 degree. In LCP in 1 case screw cut out from head and neck of femur while in DHS, same is seen in 2 cases and in addition loss of position of lag screw seen in 5 cases.one case was found with superficial infection in LCP while in case of DHS 3 cases with deep infection for that implant was removed and 6 cases were found with superficial infection.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Proximal femoral locking plate (PFLCP) is simple, stable for fixation with fewer complications, and is an effective method for unstable intertrochanteric fractures. Comparing with DHS group, the locking plate has shorter operative time, fewer blood loss and drainage.</p>
Tensor fascia lata muscle pedicle grafting for avascular necrosis femoral head
Authors: Ashraf Mohamed , V. Subramanian , S. K. Narayanan , Mohan Manu 
Published: November 2016

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Osteonecrosis of femoral head (AVN) is a disabling condition with ill-defined etiology and pathogenesis. In more than 60% it leads to osteoarthritis of hip joint. Treatment for this condition includes both operative and non-operative methods with variable success rates. Surgical options being aimed at both conservation of femoral head and arthroplasty of hip joint. Aim of our study was to evaluate the efficacy of tensor fascia lata muscle pedicle grafting in the management of osteonecrosis of femoral head.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> 27 cases with a mean age of 38.7 years (range from 24 to 52) who underwent tensor fascia lata muscle pedicle grafting in the management of osteonecrosis of femoral head were prospectively evaluated with a mean follow up period of 7.3 years (range from 3 to 12 years). Watson-Jones approach was used in all patients. Average hospital stay was 12 days. Harris hip score was used for the evaluation of clinical outcome.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> In our series of 27 cases, the Harris hip score was excellent (90-100) in 19, good (80-89) in 5, fair (70-79) in 2 and poor (&lt;70) in 1 case at final follow up.</p><p class="Default"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Tensor fascia lata muscle pedicle grafting is an effective, technically easier, pain relieving head-preserving procedure and will improve outcome in properly selected patients with osteonecrosis of femoral head. </p>
A study on the functional outcome of arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction done with bone patellar tendon bone graft using the IKDC score
Authors: Abraham Vineet Thomas , R. Krishnagopal , Kondreddi Vamsi , Mahapatra Swagat 
Published: November 2016

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> ACL injuries result in persistent recurrent instability and increased risk of meniscal tears and intra-articular damage, leading on to degenerative changes in the knee. There are many studies about ACL reconstruction using bone patellar tendon bone graft (BPTB) and its outcome, but there is not enough literature on the subjective assessment following reconstruction. We decided to do a study of the patient’s subjective outcome as per the International knee documentation committee score (IKDC) and other clinical parameters following ACL reconstruction using the BPTB graft.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This was a prospective study consisting of 50 patients who presented with ACL injury and underwent arthroscopic ACL reconstruction using BPTB graft in our hospital in the period from May 2008 to July 2010. Patients were followed at regular intervals at 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 3 months &amp; 6 months and 1 year. Patients were assessed at every visit with clinical tests and IKDC subjective assessment score.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> 50 patients with ACL insufficiency underwent ACL reconstruction. Postoperative knee flexion improved; the mean flexion was 131.70 with standard deviation of 6.534, which was significant. The mean preoperative IKDC was 56.97 and standard deviation of 9.188 and postoperative IKDC score was 92.33 and standard deviation 5.198 which showed a marked improvement and was statistically significant. The complications included; 8 patents with anterior knee pain, 1 case of patellar fracture while harvesting graft, which healed with wiring and 2 patients, had re-rupture of ACL due to road traffic accident.</p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> ACL reconstruction with BPTB graft showed a significantly good subjective outcome on assessment using IKDC score. Isolated ACL reconstruction showed a better subjective outcome compared to the patients who had associated meniscal injury.
Study of inflammatory markers in idiopathic osteoarthritis of knee
Authors: Joshi Anil Kumar , Singh Vikram , Hatwal Deepa , Singh Mridu , Joshi Chitra 
Published: November 2016

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The aim of the present study was to analyse inflammatory markers in idiopathic osteoarthritis of knee and to formulate reliable disease markers in the diagnosis and prognosis of the disease.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This prospective study was conducted for 2 years in a tertiary care center in 60 patients with idiopathic osteoarthritis of knee and compared them with 60 controls that had no signs of osteoarthritis.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The hematological markers to study inflammatory basis of idiopathic osteoarthritis of knee suggested that ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) was more than 20 mm/hour in 83.3%. Serum rheumatoid factor (RF) and CRP (C-reactive protein) was positive in 8.3% and 13.3% patients respectively. Antinuclear antibody (ANA) was positive in 2 (3.3%) patients and negative in 58 (96.7%) patients. Synovial fluid analysis was done in 44 patients with RF positivity in only 1 patient. The control group has ESR less than 30 mm/hour and CRP was (&lt;3 µg/ml). In the control group RF and ANA were similar to the normal population.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Synovial fluid analysis is of value to rule out crystal arthropathies and pyogenic arthritis. The study indicates that ESR, CRP and RF collectively can serve as surrogate markers in idiopathic osteoarthritis of knee. Further studies need to be done to formulate reliable disease markers in idiopathic osteoarthritis of knee. </p>
Functional outcome of intra-articular tongue type of calcaneus fractures treated with percutaneous technique
Authors: Dalal Bhavik Y. , Suthar Raghav K. , Tank Parag Y. , Rathod Dipal , Damor Harshal 
Published: November 2016

<p><strong><span lang="EN-IN">Background: </span></strong><span lang="EN-IN">Intra-articular calcaneus fracture is relatively rare and morbidity correlates with displacement and relative alignment of fragments. The treatment should address both components to maintain mechanics of foot. Among the available options open reduction and internal fixation is associated with major soft tissue complications and wound healing problems. As an alternative percutaneous fixation offer fewer complications yet good results for less severe calcaneus fractures. Our study aimed to contribute paucity of data available for these rare fractures and help to propose a preferred method of treatment.</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A hospital based study carried out on 20 patients over period of 2 year with closed displaced intra-articular tongue type of calcaneal fracture treated with percutaneous fixation and outcome was evaluated using clinical, radiological criteria and American Orthopaedic Foot &amp; Ankle Society (AOFAS) score. All patients were followed up for minimum 9 months with mean follow up of 13.5 month.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> All patients had evidence of union within 2 month follow up. Mean correction in Bohler angle and Gissane angle was 23.2° and 25.4° respectively at final follow up. Mean change in heel height was 3.15 mm and width change was 2.75 mm compare to opposite side. Mean eversion inversion arch was 28° and near normal ankle range of motion. Functional outcome calculated on bases of AOFAS score revealed 18 patients (90%) had good results and 2 patients (10%) had fair results. Mean AOFAS score was 81.25. Complications were reported in three patients, one had signs of peroneal tendinitis and two had persistent pain and heel widening<span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We believe percutaneous ﬁxation should be considered as a preferred method for mild to moderately displaced tongue type of intraarticular calcaneus fractures. It potentially allows anatomical fracture reduction with lesser complications and good functional outcome<span lang="EN-IN">.</span></p>
Functional outcome of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with quadruple hamstring tendon graft using EndoButton and bioabsorbable interference screw: minimum 2-year follow-up
Authors: Suranigi Shishir Murugharaj , R. Kanagasabai , Najimudeen Syed , Gnanadoss James J. 
Published: November 2016

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is the most common ligament to be torn in the knee joint and ACL reconstruction (ACLR) is one of the most commonly performed surgery in orthopaedics nowadays. This study evaluated short term results of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with quadruple hamstring tendon (QHT) graft using EndoButton for femoral fixation and Bio absorbable interference screw for tibial fixation.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Out of the<strong> </strong>68 patients who underwent single-bundle ACLR with QHT graft using EndoButton for femoral fixation and Bio absorbable interference screw for tibial fixation, 60 patients were followed up for a minimum period of 2 years. Patients were followed up at regular intervals and evaluation was done using the anterior drawer test, Lachman test, pivot-shift test, modified Cincinnati rating system and Tegner-Lysholm knee scoring scale.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> There was improvement in the Lachman test and pivot-shift test at 2 year follow-up, from grade 2 (n=47) or grade 3 (n=6) to grade 1 (n=17) or grade 0 (n=42) and from grade 1 (n=38) or grade 2 (n=12) to grade 1 (n=14) or 0 (n=45), respectively. The mean Modified Cincinnati score and Tegner-Lysholm knee score improved from 59.57 to 99.03 and 64.45 to 98.87 respectively at 2 year follow-up. Complications occurred in 3 patients, a re-rupture due to trauma at 1 year after surgery, development of a cyclops lesion with restricted range of motion and a superficial infection at the graft harvest site.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The two year follow-up results of ACLR with QHT graft using EndoButton for femoral fixation and bioabsorbable interference screw for tibial fixation are satisfactory and comparable with other modalities of graft fixation.</p>
Modified dome shaped proximal tibial osteotomy for treatment of infantile tibia vara
Authors: Geith Mohammed A. A. , Naggar Ahmed M. El. 
Published: November 2016

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Tibial deformity in childhood is not always one plane deformity, but often combines torsional and angular malalignment.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> In this prospective study, dome shaped osteotomy was performed in 36 tibiae in 24 patients. The osteotomy was held with K-wires and a plaster cast. The mean age at surgery was 5.5 years and the mean follow-up time was 30 months, range (24-42) months.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> All osteotomies united and no compartment syndrome occurred. Postoperatively, one leg (2.7%) had temporary weakness of external hallucis longus muscle. Thirty five of thirty six legs had good clinical and radiological correction of alignment. Recurrent deformity was seen in one leg. ‎ </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Dome shaped osteotomy of the tibia is a simple, safe and effective method for correction of uni-planar varus deformity. For bi-planar deformities in childhood with infantile tibia vara we may need to step cut the lateral cortex to allow good bone contact to help in union with minimum morbidity.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>
Management of stable intertrochanteric fractures with minimally invasive dynamic hip screw
Authors: Padmanaban Kosalaraman , Ramasamy Vivekanandhan , Subramaniyan Vijay Krishnan Arcot 
Published: November 2016

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Trochanteric fracture is the commonest fracture which accounts to 90 % of the fractures in patients over 50 years. The aim of the treatment is to prevent malunion and early mobilization with ambulation which is accomplished by dynamic hip screw and sliding plate. Minimal invasive technique has advantages of less blood loss, minimal soft tissue dissection, early mobilization and shorter hospital stay<span lang="EN-IN">.</span>The study was done to evaluate the amount of intraoperative blood loss, reduction of postoperative haemoglobin, requirement of postoperative analgesics and duration of postoperative hospital stay in the patients with stable intertrochanteric fracture treated with minimal invasive dynamic hip screw (MIDHS).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Twenty five patients with stable intertrochanteric fractures were treated with minimal invasive Dynamic hip screw fixation. Average intra operative blood loss, reduction of postoperative haemoglobin, requirement of post-operative analgesics and total duration of postoperative hospital stay were evaluated. All the patients were followed up periodically at 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year. All the patients were evaluated radiologically in the follow up period. The functional assessment was done with Harris hip score.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Mean intraoperative blood loss was found to be 75 ml. The mean duration of surgery was found to be 44.3 minutes. All the patients were mobilized 24 hours of surgery with non-weight bearing walking with walker support. The average time for union was found to be 4 months. No complications like postoperative infection, malunion, coxa vara, limb length discrepancy were seen. The final functional Harris hip score was found to be excellent in 14, good in 4, fair in 2<span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> MIDHS is a safe technique having advantages of less blood loss, minimal soft tissue dissection and shorter hospital stay, early rehabilitation in treating stable intertrochanteric fractures compared to conventional DHS<span lang="EN-IN">.</span></p>
À espera da seca que vem: capacidade adaptativa em comunidades rurais do semiárido
Authors: Mancal Ansu , Lima Patrícia Verônica Pinheiro Sales , Khan Ahmad Saeed , Mayorga Maria Irles de Oliveira 
Published: November 2016

Este artigo avalia a disponibilidade de recursos necessários para criação de capacidade adaptativa em comunidades rurais do semiárido brasileiro. A pesquisa utiliza dados primários obtidos por meio de aplicação de questionários. Dada a grande extensão geográfica da região, adota-se como recorte uma amostra de comunidades rurais inseridas em áreas susceptíveis à desertificação no Estado do Ceará. A discussão é feita a partir de um sistema de indicadores definido por meio de consultas a especialistas (método Delphi) e subdividido em quatro dimensões da capacidade adaptativa: capital social, capital econômico, capital humano e capital natural, pressupondo que a capacidade adaptativa é definida pela disponibilidade de um conjunto de recursos capazes de promover o bem-estar local. A análise da distribuição dos indicadores selecionados mostra que as comunidades possuem baixos níveis de recursos necessários para adaptação, sendo que os pontos mais críticos são destacados na dimensão de capital humano. No contexto observado acredita-se que as ações governamentais que poderiam melhorar a capacidade adaptativa das comunidades rurais do semiárido em relação às secas não encontram ambiente social propício para expressarem seu potencial, sendo o maior desafio a adoção de estratégias integradas de educação e capacitação da população que atuem de forma transversal em todas as políticas voltadas para o desenvolvimento local.
Vacancy–impurity centers in diamond: prospects for synthesis and applications
Authors: Ekimov E A , Kondrin M V 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The bright luminescence of impurity–vacancy complexes, combined with high chemical and radiation resistance, makes diamond an attractive platform for the production of single-photon emitters and luminescent biomarkers for applications in nanoelectronics and medicine. Two representatives of this kind of defects in diamond, silicon-vacancy (SiV) and germanium-vacancy (GeV) centers, are discussed in this review; their similarities and differences are demonstrated in terms of the more thoroughly studied nitrogen-vacancy (NV) complexes. The recent discovery of GeV luminescent centers opens a unique opportunity for the controlled synthesis of single-photon emitters in nanodiamonds. We demonstrate prospects for the high-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) technique to create single-photon emitters, not only as an auxiliary to chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and ion-implantation methods but also as a primary synthesis tool for producing color centers in nanodiamonds. Besides practical applications, comparative studies of these two complexes, which belong to the same structural class of defects, have a fundamental importance for deeper understanding of shelving levels, the electronic structure, and optical properties of these centers. In conclusion, we discuss several open problems regarding the structure, charge state, and practical application of these centers, which still require a solution.
Light availability affects sex lability in a gynodioecious plant
Authors: Varga Sandra , Kytöviita Minna‐Maarit 
Published: November 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Sex lability (i.e., gender diphasy) in plants is classically linked to the larger resource needs associated with the female sexual function (i.e., seed production) compared to the male function (i.e., pollen production). Sex lability in response to the environment is extensively documented in dioecious species, but has been largely overlooked in gynodioecious plants.METHODS:Here, we tested whether environmental conditions induce sex lability in the gynodioecious Geranium sylvaticum. We conducted a transplantation experiment in the field where plants with different sex expression were reciprocally transplanted between high light and low light habitats. We measured plants’ reproductive output and sex expression over four years.KEY RESULTS:Our results show that sex expression was labile over the study period. The light level at the destination habitat had a significant effect on sexual expression and reproductive output, because plants decreased their reproductive output when transplanted to the low light habitat. Transplantation origin did not affect any parameter measured.CONCLUSIONS:This study shows that sex expression in Geranium sylvaticum is labile and related to light availability. Sexually labile plants did not produce more seeds or pollen, and thus, there was no apparent fitness gain in sexually labile individuals. Sex lability in gynodioecious plants may be more common than previously believed because detection of sex lability necessitates data on the same individuals over time, which is rare in sexually dimorphic herbaceous plants.
Female fruit production depends on female flower production and crown size rather than male density in a continuous population of a tropical dioecious tree (Virola surinamensis)
Authors: Riba‐Hernández Pablo , Segura Jorge Lobo , Muñoz‐Valverde Jenny 
Published: November 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Factors related to pollen and resource limitation were evaluated to predict female fruit production in a tropical dioecious tree. Pollen limitation via variation in the male density at local scales is expected to limit female reproduction success in dioecious plants.METHODOLOGY:We modeled the roles of local male density, female crown size, crown illumination, and female flower production on female fruit initiation and mature fruit production in a continuous population (62 ha plot) of a tropical dioecious tree (Virola surinamensis). In addition, we used microsatellites to describe the scale of effective pollen flow, the male effective population size, and the spatial genetic structure within/between progenies and males.KEY RESULTS:The local male density was not related to female fruit initiation or mature fruit production. Female floral production had a positive effect on fruit initiation. The female crown size was positively related to fruit maturation. Seeds from the same female and seeds from different but spatially proximal females were generally half‐siblings; however, proximal females showed greater variation. Proximal male‐female adult pairs were not significantly more genetically related than distant pairs. The probability of paternity was negatively affected by the distance between seeds and males; most effective pollen dispersal events (∼85%) occurred from males located less than 150 m from females. The number of males siring progenies was greater than the number of males found at local scales.CONCLUSIONS:Female fecundity in this continuous population of Virola surinamensis is not limited by the availability of pollen from proximal males. Rather, resource allocation to floral production may ultimately determine female reproductive success.