bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An integrated experimental–modeling approach to identify key processes for carbon mineralization in fractured mafic and ultramafic rocks
Authors: Neil Chelsea W , Yang Yun , Nisbet Haylea , Iyare Uwaila C , Boampong Lawrence O , Li Wenfeng , Kang Qinjun , Hyman Jeffrey D , Viswanathan Hari S 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Controlling atmospheric warming requires immediate reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, as well as the active removal and sequestration of CO2 from current point sources. One promising proposed strategy to reduce atmospheric CO2 levels is geologic carbon sequestration (GCS), where CO2 is injected into the subsurface and reacts with the formation to precipitate carbonate minerals. Rapid mineralization has recently been reported for field tests in mafic and ultramafic rocks. However, unlike saline aquifers and depleted oil and gas reservoirs historically considered for GCS, these formations can have extremely low porosities and permeabilities, limiting storage volumes and reactive mineral surfaces to the preexisting fracture network. As a result, coupling between geochemical interactions and the fracture network evolution is a critical component of long-term, sustainable carbon storage. In this paper, we summarize recent advances in integrating experimental and modeling approaches to determine the first-order processes for carbon mineralization in a fractured mafic/ultramafic rock system. We observe the critical role of fracture aperture, flow, and surface characteristics in controlling the quantity, identity, and morphology of secondary precipitates and present where the influence of these factors can be reflected in newly developed thermo-hydro-mechanical–chemical models. Our findings provide a roadmap for future work on carbon mineralization, as we present the most important system components and key challenges that we are overcoming to enable GCS in mafic and ultramafic rocks.
Repurposing weather modification for cloud research showcased by ice crystal growth
Authors: Ramelli Fabiola , Henneberger Jan , Fuchs Christopher , Miller Anna J , Omanovic Nadja , Spirig Robert , Zhang Huiying , David Robert O , Ohneiser Kevin , Seifert Patric , Lohmann Ulrike 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The representation of cloud processes in models is one of the largest sources of uncertainty in weather forecast and climate projections. While laboratory settings offer controlled conditions for studying cloud processes, they cannot reproduce the full range of conditions and interactions present in natural cloud systems. To bridge this gap, here we leverage weather modification, specifically glaciogenic cloud seeding, to investigate ice growth rates within natural clouds. Seeding experiments were conducted in supercooled stratus clouds (at −8 to −5∘C) using an uncrewed aerial vehicle, and the created ice crystals were measured 4–10 min downwind by in situ and ground-based remote sensing instrumentation. We observed substantial variability in ice crystal growth rates within natural clouds, attributed to variations in ice crystal number concentrations and in the supersaturation, which is difficult to reproduce in the laboratory and which implies faster precipitation initiation than previously thought. We found that for the experiments conducted at −5.2∘C, the ice crystal populations grew nearly linearly during the time interval from 6 to 10 min. Our results demonstrate that the targeted use of weather modification techniques can be employed for fundamental cloud research (e.g. ice growth processes, aerosol–cloud interactions), helping to advance cloud microphysics parameterizations and to improve weather forecasts and climate projections.
Negative Symptoms and Their Associations With Other Clinical Variables and Working Memory Across the Schizophrenia Spectrum and Bipolar Disorder
Authors: De Pieri Marco , Berg Xaver , Georgiadis Foivos , Brakowski Janis , Burrer Achim , Sabé Michel , Kaliuzhna Mariia , Vetter Stefan , Seifritz Erich , Homan Philipp , Kaiser Stefan , Kirschner Matthias 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Negative symptoms (NS) of schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) are also prevalent in bipolar disorder I (BD-I) and show associations with impaired working memory (WM). However, empirical work on their relationship to other clinical factors across SSD and BD-I is sparse. Here, we characterized the associations of NS with key clinical variables and WM capacity across a combined sample of SSD and BD. We included 50 outpatients with SSD and 49 with BD-I and assessed NS domains using SANS global scores for avolition-apathy, anhedonia-asociality, alogia, and blunted affect. We assessed the transdiagnostic relationship between NS and other clinical variables, including positive symptoms, disorganization, depressive symptoms, and antipsychotic medication, using multiple regressions. The strength of these associations was further determined through dominance analyses. Finally, we used multiple regression to assess the relationship between NS domains and WM. To assess the generalizability of transdiagnostic associations, analyses were repeated in each diagnostic group separately. Across SSD and BD-I, disorganization was associated with avolition-apathy and anhedonia-asociality and depressive symptoms additionally predicted anhedonia-asociality. Antipsychotic dose was associated with blunted affect while group differences only predicted alogia. Higher avolition-apathy was related to impaired WM transdiagnostically, partially mediated by the severity of disorganization, whereas only in BD-I higher anhedonia-asociality was associated with better WM capacity. This study demonstrated transdiagnostic associations of both avolition-apathy and anhedonia-asociality with disorganization and identified avolition-apathy as a potential transdiagnostic predictor of WM impairments. Overall, our findings highlight the importance of understanding the relationship between NS domains and other clinical factors with cognitive function across SSD and BD.
Newer formulations of oral testosterone undecanoate: development and liver side effects
Authors: Goldstein Irwin , Chidambaram Nachiappan , Dobs Adrian , King Shelby , Miner Martin , Ramasamy Ranjith , Yafi Faysal A , Khera Mohit 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Testosterone deficiency is a clinical disorder due to either failure of the testes to produce testosterone or failure of the hypothalamus or pituitary to produce sufficient gonadotropins. Previous formulations of oral testosterone therapy, particularly methyltestosterone, have been associated with adverse liver effects. Many different routes of testosterone delivery have been developed, each with their own administrative benefits and challenges. Newer formulations of oral testosterone undecanoate (TU) provide a convenient administration option, although their use has been limited by hepatotoxicity concerns based on older methyltestosterone data, and prescribing physicians may still be concerned about adverse liver effects.

Objectives
In this review, we discuss the history of oral testosterone development, clarify the mechanism of action of oral TU, and describe the relevant liver safety findings.

Methods
Relevant literature was allocated to present a review on the history of oral TU development and the mechanism of action of oral TU. We pooled data from individual studies of oral TU products to present a safety summary.

Results
Overall, safety results from studies of the newer formulations of oral TU showed that increased liver function test values are not generally associated with oral TU formulations and that no clinically significant liver toxicities were noted in clinical trials of oral TU.

Conclusion
Continued research into the safety of oral TU will contribute to a better understanding of the potential risks in patients receiving this therapy, an outcome that highlights the importance of providing patient education and reassurance regarding oral TU safety.
Dermal white adipose tissue: Development and impact on hair follicles, skin defense, and fibrosis
Authors: Peng Yujie , Cheong Sousan , Lu Feng , He Yunfan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDermal white adipose tissue (DWAT) is a distinctive adipose depot located within the lower dermis of the skin. Its significance as an ancillary fat in skin homoeostasis has recently received increased attention. New research has revealed that DWAT responses to skin pathology and physiology changes, impacting skin development, hair cycling, defense mechanisms, and fibrotic conditions. In this review, we explore the developmental process of DWAT and the adipose commitment timing of hypodermal. We explore the development process of DWAT and its pivotal role in regulating the hair cycle. We conclude the antibacterial activity and reversible dedifferentiation of dermal adipocytes in response to skin defense. Furthermore, we underscore the potentially crucial yet underestimated anti‐fibrotic functions of DWAT‐derived adipokines and adipocyte‐myofibroblast transition.
O10 HEART RATE VARIABILITY AS EARLY MARKER OF CARDIAC INJURY IN HYPERTENSIVE YOUNG ADULTS
Authors: Olaniyi Kehinde Samuel , Ajayi Success , Areloegbe Stephanie 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Hypertension remains a life-threatening risk factor for cardiovascular diseases globally. It is not only common to middle age or aged group but also affect young individuals. Heart rate variability (HRV) gives an inference of the overall cardiac function and health of an individual. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate whether HRV could be an early marker and a valid alternative to biochemical probes for the early detection of cardiac injury and systemic inflammation in hypertensive young adults.

Materials and methods:
A total number of 300 participants were recruited by fixed sampling of the case control study grouped into normotensive and hypertensive young groups. Informed consent was obtained from all participants before the procedure. Blood pressure with some anthropometric data were collected. Afterward, each participant’s HRV data was acquired by conducting a 5-minute resting ECG. Then, 5 ml of blood was taken through sterile venepuncture, centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 15 mins and biochemical analysis was performed for plasma troponin-I, troponin-T and inflammatory markers (TNF-alpha and NF-kappaB).

Results:
HRV assessment showed significant decrease in HRV parameters of parasympathetic activity (SDNN, RMSSD, HF) in the hypertensive young group. LF also showed significant decrease in the hypertensive group. But, LF/HF (sympatho-vagal balance) showed significant increase in the hypertensive group. LF correlates with plasma TNF-α (r = -0.6167) and NF-kB (r = -0.6673) at p = 0.0003 and p<0.0001, respectively. In addition, LF correlates with plasma Troponin-I (r = -0.6393) and Troponin-T (r = -0.5719) at p = 0.0001 and p = 0.0010, respectively. LF/HF had no correlation with these biomarkers. Thus, HRV correlates with plasma troponin-I, troponin-T, TNF-alpha and NF-kappaB in hypertensive young adults.

Conclusion:
HRV can be used as an early marker of cardiac injury and inflammation in young hypertensive individuals.
O15 DIFFERENTIAL CARDIAC MACROPHAGE POLARIZATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH BETTER PRECLINICAL MARKERS IN FEMALE SEX VERSUS MALE SEX WITH HYPERTENSION AND METABOLIC SYNDROME
Authors: Sepulveda R , Moya J , Rojas J , Araos P , Amador C , Hermoso M , Gabrielli L , Jalil J , Ocaranza M 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Women compared to men with hypertension (HT) and metabolic syndrome (MS) exhibit better clinical outcomes. In the preclinical model of HT-MS, female mice develop attenuated cardiac remodeling (CRM) compared to male mice (not mediated by sex hormones). Male cardiac macrophages (Mo) from mice are more susceptible to inflammatory stimuli. It is unknown whether subpopulations of cardiac pro-inflammatory Mo and resident repair Mo differ between males and females.

Purpose:
To characterize, in male and female mice with HT-MS, the cardiac pro-inflammatory cardiac Mo derived from monocytes (CCR2+MHCII+) and the resident repair Mo (CCR2-MHCII+ and CCR2- MHCII-).

Methods:
12-week-old male and female C57BL/6N mice were assigned to experimental groups: high-fat diet + L-NAME or control diet. Body weight (BW), systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, glucose and exercise tolerance, cardiac function and cardiac Mo CCR2+MHCII+, CCR2-MHCII+, CCR2- MHCII- were determined.

Results:
(mean ± SEM, n=11-18 mice/group). Compared with males, females with HT-MS gained less BW (14% vs. 22%, p<0.05), 2), had lower glucose levels (265±13 mg/dL vs 191±14 vs., p<0.001) and covered a greater distance on the treadmill (p<0.05). SBP and DBP was similary increased vs. their controls in both groups. In males but not in females with HT-MS both the LV septum and posterior wall were thicker vs controls (p< 0.001). Left atrium size increased 7.6% in females and 20% in males. In the myocardium, CR2+MHCII+ Mo increased by 58% only in males (p<0.001, F=11.7). The CCR2-MHCII- Mo increased by 75% in HT-MS females vs their controls, (p<0.001,F=18.7) and vs males. The CCR2-MHCII+ Mo decreased by 28.4% only in males (p<0.05, F=3.7).

Conclusion:
In females with HT-MS protective resident cardiac Mo increased significantly which was associated to less CRM and better exercise performance. Activation of resident cardiac Mo may be an important mechanism for prevention and treatment of CRM by HT and MS.
O16 ARTERIAL STIFFNESS, INFLAMMATORY AND METABOLIC PROFILE IN DIFFERENT HYPERTENSION SEVERITY PHENOTYPES
Authors: Margallo Victor , Duarte Carlos Henrique , da Silva de Sousa Vitoria Miriam , Campeche Guilherme , Fontes Gabriele , Bezerra da Silva João Gabriel , Muxfeldt Elizabeth , Carlos Fernanda , Viegas Bianca , de Moraes Beatriz , Moreno João 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Hypertension presents different severity phenotypes, from prehypertension to resistant hypertension. The early assessment of macrovascular damage through the measurement of pulse wave velocity (PWV) and the inflammatory profile through the measurement of reactive C protein (hs-RCP) is capable of early assessment of the impact of blood pressure on cardiovascular risk.

Objective:
The aim of this study is to analyze macrovascular damage and the immunoinflammatory profile of patients with different hypertension phenotypes.

Methods:
This is a cross-sectional study that is being developed in 2 research centers in Rio de Janeiro, a primary care unit and a tertiary university hospital center. Sociodemographic and anthropometric data, office blood pressure and HBPM were registered. Arterial stiffness was assessed by measuring PWV. The inflammatory profile was assessed by measuring hs-RCP, the metabolic profile was assessed by measuring serum lipids and glycated hemoglobin.

Results:
A total of 150 participants were included (54% women, age 47.3 ± 11.7 years, 58% black/brown), 35 of whom were pre-hypertensive, 72 hypertensive and 43 resistant hypertensives. We found 54% of participants to be obese and 66% have abdominal obesity. More than half of the individuals are sedentary (53.3%), and 39% of participants having metabolic syndrome. Comparatively evaluating pre-hypertensive, hypertensive and resistant hypertensive patients, we observed a progressive increase in age, in the prevalence of black/brown (42.9% vs 56.9% vs 72.1%, p<0.05), centripetal fat distribution (351 ± 145 vs 403 ± 151 vs 444 ± 267, p<0.04), glycated hemoglobin (5.3 ± 1.7 vs 5.7 ± 1.3 vs 6.4 ±1.6, p<0.05), and in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (31.4% vs 34.7% vs 53.5%, p<0.05). There is a progressive increase in hs-RCP (1.0[0.5-3.2] vs 4.0[2.6-8.8] vs 5.4[0.5-10.6]) and pulse wave velocity measurement (8.1 ± 0.1 vs 8.8 ± 1.8 vs 10.4 ± 2.2, p<0.01), identifying individuals with greater arterial stiffness and systemic inflammation.

Conclusion:
Cardiovascular risk increased proportionally with hypertension severity, especially in relation to metabolic profile, arterial stiffness, and inflammatory status.
O18 UNCERTAINTY QUANTIFICATION OF WEARABLE CUFFLESS BLOOD PRESSURE MEASUREMENT
Authors: Ding Xiaorong , Shen Zhan 
Published: September 2024

Background and Objective:
Due to aleatoric and epistemic uncertainty, most cuffless blood pressure (BP) estimation models struggle to provide reliable and accurate BP estimations. The purpose of this study is to quantify the uncertainty of wearable cuffless BP estimation so as to reduce the impact of uncertainty on the accuracy of model estimation, and in the meanwhile to provide an estimated uncertainty interval (UI) in addition to the point estimation.

Methods:
We developed a gradient boosting regression tree (GBRT) model to estimate ambulatory BP and the estimation UI with eight noninvasive features extracted from wearable photoplethysmogram (PPG) and electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. We validated the proposed method with the Microsoft Aurora dataset that was originally collected for the Aurora-BP study. We identified 483 subjects (247 males) with wearable watches collecting PPG, ECG, and other signals, while ambulatory BP was monitored hourly using an oscillometric BP device. We trained the model with quantile loss on 60% of subjects (2954 samples), then calibrated the estimated UI with conformal predication with 24% (2148 samples) of subjects and tested the model with 16% (1658 samples) of the subjects.

Results:
The mean absolute difference (MAD) in systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) estimated by the GBRT model were 13.96 mmHg and 9.89 mmHg, respectively. Then, with implementation of conformal prediction with error rates of ϵ=0.05, for the test set samples, the percentage of the estimated UI covering the reference BP during the daytime and nighttime phases can reach 91.67% and 95.89%, respectively.

Conclusions:
The combination of the GBRT model with conformal predication can quantify the uncertainty in cuffless BP estimations. In addition, the estimated uncertainty quantification interval together with the point estimation is potentially more reliable than single-point estimation, which could benefit better diagnosis and treatment of hypertension.
O24 ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY IN PREGNANCY AND CARDIO-RENAL OUTCOMES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS
Authors: Jeyaraman Deepthika , Peiris Telge Dimuth Priyankara , Alahmdi Haia , Fish Richard , Lambie Mark , Wu Pensee 
Published: September 2024

Background and Objective:
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common problem in pregnancy but adverse cardio-renal outcomes following AKI in pregnancy has not been systematically evaluated. We aimed to quantify the risk of adverse cardio-renal outcomes of AKI in pregnancy.

Method:
A literature search was conducted on MEDLINE, Cochrane library and EMBASE from inception until January 2024. The titles, abstracts and full studies were separately screened by two reviewers. Studies were included if they considered pregnant women with AKI, compared them to pregnant women without AKI and included predetermined renal or cardiac outcomes. References from relevant systematic reviews were included if they met the inclusion criteria. Data was independently collected by two reviewers. Any discrepancy was addressed by a third author. The data was analysed using Revman 5. Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale was used for quality assessment.

Results:
We included 17 studies. There is a significantly increased risk of maternal mortality (OR 9.70, 95% CI 3.49, 26.97), ICU admission (OR 3.86, 95% CI 1.93, 7.71), stroke (OR 22.92, 95% CI 2.32, 226.65), thrombotic microangiopathy (OR 9.62, 95% CI 1.57, 57.67), heart failure (OR 22.55, 95% CI 4.39, 115.71) and need for dialysis (OR 408.99, 95% CI 1.23, 135716.45) in pregnant women with AKI compared to women without AKI. Furthermore, there is an increased risk of composite renal disease (chronic kidney disease, renal replacement therapy and end-stage renal failure (OR 52.37, 95% CI 4.67, 587.63) and composite cardiovascular disease (OR 20.6, 95% CI 14.7, 28.9) amongst pregnant patients with AKI compared to non-AKI patients. The composite outcomes are compiled using follow-up data over at least 1 year or more and reflect long-term outcomes.

Conclusions:
We show that AKI in pregnancy is associated with adverse cardio-renal outcomes. Therefore, careful monitoring and follow-up of patients with AKI in pregnancy are needed to improve the cardio-renal outcomes of this high-risk group of women.
O32 AVAILABILITY OF PROPERLY VALIDATED BLOOD PRESSURE MEASURING DEVICES FOR PREGNANT WOMEN: STRIDE BP SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Menti Ariadni , Mariglis Dimitrios , Kyriakoulis Konstantinos , Kollias Anastasios , Palatini Paolo , Parati Gianfranco , Wang Jiguang , Schutte Aletta , Stergiou George 
Published: September 2024

Background and Objective:
Validated automated upper-arm cuff blood pressure (BP) measuring devices are currently recommended for BP measurement. However, a validated BP device in the general population may be inaccurate in pregnant women. Thus, separate validation studies are required in pregnant women with normal BP, hypertension, and preeclampsia. This study assessed the published evidence on BP devices in pregnancy.

Methods:
STRIDE BP (www.stridebp.org) performs periodic systematic PubMed searches to identify validation studies of automated cuff BP monitors. Validation studies in pregnancy conducted using an established protocol, including the AAMI/ESH/ISO Universal Standard (ISO 81060-2:2018), ANSI/AAMI/ISO 2013/2009, ESH-IP 2010/2002, AAMI 2002/1992/1987, and BHS 1993/1990, were identified.

Results:
Of 569 validation studies included in the STRIDE BP database, 63 (35 devices) were identified including pregnant women. Among them, STRIDE BP rejected 45 studies, of which 25 were reported as “device pass” in the published validation paper. Among the studies rejected by STRIDE BP but published as “pass”, the main reasons for rejection were violations in the BP measurement protocol (44%), inadequate reference device or cuffs for reference and test device (36%), no data in women with hypertension and/or preeclampsia (36%), single observer for reference BP measurement (28%), and inappropriate data analysis (20%). Eventually 18 studies in pregnant women (28.6%) fulfilled the protocol requirements, and 16 devices (8 of them available on the market) can be recommended for clinical use in pregnancy. When additional ‘equivalent’ devices were considered (devices lacking validation studies but with differences from validated devices not affecting the BP measurement accuracy), 37 devices were found to be accurate in pregnancy, with 27 of them available on the market (Table).

Conclusions:
This analysis showed a shortage of properly validated BP devices for pregnant women available in the market, with published validation often having major methodological issues. There is an urgent need to develop and properly validate more BP devices in pregnancy.

TABLE. Validated devices for office, home, and ambulatory BP measurement in pregnant women.