bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New avenues of research to explain the rarity of females at the top of the accountancy profession
Authors: Jeny Anne , Santacreu-Vasut Estefania 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe rarity of females in leadership positions has been an important subject of study in economics research. The existing research on gender inequality has established that important variations exist across time and place and that these differences are partly attributable to the cultural differences regarding gender roles. The accounting research has also established that women are rarely promoted to the top of the Big Four audit firms (KPMG, Deloitte, PricewaterhouseCoopers and Ernst & Young). However, the majority of research in accountancy has focused on Anglo-Saxon contexts (the United States, the United Kingdom and Australia) or country case studies without explicitly considering the role that cultural variations may play. Because the Big Four are present in more than 140 countries, we argue that the accountancy research that attempts to explain gender disparities at the top of these organizations would benefit from considering cultural factors. Such research, however, faces a key methodological challenge—specifically, the measurement of the cultural dimensions that relate to gender. To address this challenge, we propose an emerging approach that uses the gender distinctions in language to measure cultural attitudes toward gender roles. The idea that language may capture gender roles and even influence their formation and persistence has been the focus of emerging research in linguistics and economics. To support our proposition, we follow two steps. First, we review the accounting research by performing a systematic query on the bibliographic databases of the accounting articles that study gender and language. Second, we present data regarding the diversity of the global boards of the Big Four and the diversity of the linguistic environments in which they operate. We find that half of the countries where the Big Four are present exhibit a sex-based grammatical system for their most-spoken language, while the other half of the countries do not exhibit this system. Our findings suggest that the use of language as a measure of culture is a novel approach in accounting research. We conclude by emphasizing some potential directions for future research, namely, studying the linguistic determinants of the rarity of females at the top of audit firms and exploring accountancy practices in countries with linguistically diverse environments, such as Canada or Belgium, among others. This article is published as part of a collection on the role of women in management and the workplace.
Are motivational signs to increase stair use a thing of the past? A multi‐building study
Authors: Engelen Lina , Gale Joanne , Chau Josephine Y. , Bauman Adrian 
Published: March 2017

Issue addressedOnly half of Australia's adult population is sufficiently physical active. One method thought to increase incidental physical activity at work is the use of stair‐promoting interventions. Stairs are readily available and stair climbing is considered vigorous physical activity. Motivational signs have been extensively and effectively trialled to increase stair use, but are they suitable for contemporary populations?MethodsParticipants were occupants of three selected University of Sydney buildings using the elevators or stairs. Infrared people counters were installed to monitor stair and elevator use for 24 h/day during two baseline weeks, followed by two intervention weeks, where motivational and directional signs were placed at points of choice.ResultsAt baseline there was a large between‐building variation in the change in stair to elevator proportion, where we observed a small increase in two buildings (81–84%, odds ratio (OR): 1.16 (1.09, 1.23), and 26–27%, OR: 1.09 (1.03, 1.15)), and a decrease (30–25%, OR: 0.75 (0.72, 0.77) in the third building.ConclusionsDifferences in stair use among buildings could be due to building design and function. Motivational and directional signs to promote stair use showed small or nil effects. The future of interventions promoting stair use in occupational settings may need more interactive or personalised intervention methods.So what?The implications of this study are that posters to promote stair use might be a thing of the past and this should be considered in future workplace health promotion efforts to increase physical activity. More novel and interactive methods using new media are recommended.
Knowledge-based entropies improve the identification of native protein structures
Authors: Sankar Kannan , Jia Kejue , Jernigan Robert L. 
Published: March 2017

Significance
The protein folding process is dictated by the free-energy landscape and thus accurate prediction of the native structures of proteins requires reliable estimates of free energies. Computed energies of proteins are at present significantly more reliable than entropies. In this work, we introduce an innovative method to estimate the local conformational entropies of protein structures by using statistical data from observed amino acid contact changes during conformational transitions within a set of diverse protein structures. Combining these new entropies with cooperative potential energy functions yields significant gains in the ability to distinguish between native structures of proteins and their nonnative decoys.
Classroom sound can be used to classify teaching practices in college science courses
Authors: Owens Melinda T. , Seidel Shannon B. , Wong Mike , Bejines Travis E. , Lietz Susanne , Perez Joseph R. , Sit Shangheng , Subedar Zahur-Saleh , Acker Gigi N. , Akana Susan F. , Balukjian Brad , Benton Hilary P. , Blair J. R. , Boaz Segal M. , Boyer Katharyn E. , Bram Jason B. , Burrus Laura W. , Byrd Dana T. , Caporale Natalia , Carpenter Edward J. , Chan Yee-Hung Mark , Chen Lily , Chovnick Amy , Chu Diana S. , Clarkson Bryan K. , Cooper Sara E. , Creech Catherine , Crow Karen D. , de la Torre José R. , Denetclaw Wilfred F. , Duncan Kathleen E. , Edwards Amy S. , Erickson Karen L. , Fuse Megumi , Gorga Joseph J. , Govindan Brinda , Green L. Jeanette , Hankamp Paul Z. , Harris Holly E. , He Zheng-Hui , Ingalls Stephen , Ingmire Peter D. , Jacobs J. Rebecca , Kamakea Mark , Kimpo Rhea R. , Knight Jonathan D. , Krause Sara K. , Krueger Lori E. , Light Terrye L. , Lund Lance , Márquez-Magaña Leticia M. , McCarthy Briana K. , McPheron Linda J. , Miller-Sims Vanessa C. , Moffatt Christopher A. , Muick Pamela C. , Nagami Paul H. , Nusse Gloria L. , Okimura Kristine M. , Pasion Sally G. , Patterson Robert , Pennings Pleuni S. , Riggs Blake , Romeo Joseph , Roy Scott W. , Russo-Tait Tatiane , Schultheis Lisa M. , Sengupta Lakshmikanta , Small Rachel , Spicer Greg S. , Stillman Jonathon H. , Swei Andrea , Wade Jennifer M. , Waters Steven B. , Weinstein Steven L. , Willsie Julia K. , Wright Diana W. , Harrison Colin D. , Kelley Loretta A. , Trujillo Gloriana , Domingo Carmen R. , Schinske Jeffrey N. , Tanner Kimberly D. 
Published: March 2017

Significance
Although the United States needs to expand its STEM (science, technology, engineering, mathematics) workforce, United States postsecondary institutions struggle to retain and effectively teach students in STEM disciplines. Using teaching techniques beyond lecture, such as pair discussions and reflective writing, has been shown to boost student learning, but it is unknown what proportion of STEM faculty use these active-learning pedagogies. Here we describe DART: Decibel Analysis for Research in Teaching, a machine-learning–derived algorithm that analyzes classroom sound to predict with high accuracy the learning activities used in classrooms, and its application to thousands of class session recordings. DART can be used for large-scale examinations of STEM teaching practices, evaluating the extent to which educators maximize opportunities for effective STEM learning.
Characterization of NiFe oxyhydroxide electrocatalysts by integrated electronic structure calculations and spectroelectrochemistry
Authors: Goldsmith Zachary K. , Harshan Aparna K. , Gerken James B. , Vörös Márton , Galli Giulia , Stahl Shannon S. , Hammes-Schiffer Sharon 
Published: March 2017

SignificanceThe conversion of water to oxygen and hydrogen molecules is essential for a variety of renewable energy technologies. Nickel–iron (NiFe) oxyhydroxide is an important, earth-abundant electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction. A combined experimental and computational study of pure Ni oxyhydroxide and mixed NiFe oxyhydroxide thin films elucidates the chemistry governing their different electrochemical and optical properties. The Ni and Fe oxidation states in each system are assigned as a function of applied potential based on quantum-mechanical calculations, cyclic voltammetry, and UV-visible spectroscopy. In the more catalytically active NiFe system, oxidation to Fe4+coincides with the onset of oxygen evolution. Synergy between experiment and theory provides a detailed, atomistic understanding of this robust catalyst.
Can executive functioning contribute to the diagnosis of SLI in bilingual children?
Authors: Laloi Aude , de Jong Jan , Baker Anne 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Language tests often fail to diagnose specific language impairment (SLI) in bilinguals due to the confounding impact of SLI and bilingualism on language. The present study focuses on the contribution of executive functioning to the diagnosis of SLI in bilinguals. Performance of monolingual and bilingual children with and without SLI on a task tapping response inhibition was assessed. Results revealed a negative effect of SLI but no effect of bilingualism. The diagnostic accuracy of the task was also estimated. Sensitivity and specificity were low, suggesting that response inhibition could not be considered as a reliable clinical marker of SLI. Although the results at the group level showed that children with SLI seemed more at risk than their typically-developing peers for a deficit in response inhibition, our results on diagnostic accuracy challenge the hypothesis of a relationship between deficits in language and deficits in inhibition in children with SLI.
Identifying partially schematic units in the code-mixing of an English and German speaking child
Authors: Quick Antje Endesfelder , Lieven Elena , Carpenter Malinda , Tomasello Michael 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIntra-sentential code-mixing presents a number of puzzles for theories of bilingualism. In this paper, we examine the code-mixed English-German utterances of a young English-German-Spanish trilingual child between 1;10 – 3;1, using both an extensive diary kept by the mother and audio recordings. We address the interplay between lexical and syntactic aspects of language use outlined in the usage-based approach (e.g.Tomasello, 2003). The data suggest that partially schematic constructions play an important role in the code-mixing of this child. In addition, we find, first, that the code-mixing was not mainly the result of lexical gaps. Second, there was more mixing of German function words than content words. Third, code-mixed utterances often consisted of the use of a partially schematic construction with the open slot filled by material from the other language. These results raise a number of important issues for all theoretical approaches to code mixing, which we discuss.
Non-conservative forces in bulk systems
Authors: Todorov Tchavdar N. , Cunningham Brian , Dundas Daniel , Horsfield Andrew P. 
Published: March 2017

The ability of electrons and phonons to equilibrate is fundamental to the thermodynamic and transport properties of solids. Nonetheless in mesoscopic systems, sufficiently high current densities can lead to situations where the phonon subsystem can no longer reach a steady state. In previous work, this phenomenon was connected with the demonstration that interatomic forces under current are non-conservative, with dramatic dynamical effects. Here we consider these effects in bulk systems. We arrive at a critical current density beyond which current flow results in the uncompensated stimulated emission of a blast of phonons. The result is illustrated with simulations of long atomic wires. It is hoped that the paper will stimulate research into the possible relevance of the effect to electropulsing. This paper is part of a themed issue on Materials in External Fields.
Obstacles and opportunities in the functional analysis of extracellular vesicle RNA – an ISEV position paper
Authors: Mateescu Bogdan , Kowal Emma J. K. , van Balkom Bas W. M. , Bartel Sabine , Bhattacharyya Suvendra N. , Buzás Edit I. , Buck Amy H. , de Candia Paola , Chow Franklin W. N. , Das Saumya , Driedonks Tom A. P. , Fernández‐Messina Lola , Haderk Franziska , Hill Andrew F. , Jones Jennifer C. , Van Keuren‐Jensen Kendall R. , Lai Charles P. , Lässer Cecilia , di Liegro Italia , Lunavat Taral R. , Lorenowicz Magdalena J. , Maas Sybren L. N. , Mäger Imre , Mittelbrunn Maria , Momma Stefan , Mukherjee Kamalika , Nawaz Muhammad , Pegtel D. Michiel , Pfaffl Michael W. , Schiffelers Raymond M. , Tahara Hidetoshi , Théry Clotilde , Tosar Juan Pablo , Wauben Marca H. M. , Witwer Kenneth W. , Nolte‐'t Hoen Esther N. M. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTThe release of RNA‐containing extracellular vesicles (EV) into the extracellular milieu has been demonstrated in a multitude of different in vitro cell systems and in a variety of body fluids. RNA‐containing EV are in the limelight for their capacity to communicate genetically encoded messages to other cells, their suitability as candidate biomarkers for diseases, and their use as therapeutic agents. Although EV‐RNA has attracted enormous interest from basic researchers, clinicians, and industry, we currently have limited knowledge on which mechanisms drive and regulate RNA incorporation into EV and on how RNA‐encoded messages affect signalling processes in EV‐targeted cells. Moreover, EV‐RNA research faces various technical challenges, such as standardisation of EV isolation methods, optimisation of methodologies to isolate and characterise minute quantities of RNA found in EV, and development of approaches to demonstrate functional transfer of EV‐RNA in vivo. These topics were discussed at the 2015 EV‐RNA workshop of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles. This position paper was written by the participants of the workshop not only to give an overview of the current state of knowledge in the field, but also to clarify that our incomplete knowledge – of the nature of EV(‐RNA)s and of how to effectively and reliably study them – currently prohibits the implementation of gold standards in EV‐RNA research. In addition, this paper creates awareness of possibilities and limitations of currently used strategies to investigate EV‐RNA and calls for caution in interpretation of the obtained data.
Quantifying circular RNA expression from RNA-seq data using model-based framework
Authors: Li Musheng , Xie Xueying , Zhou Jing , Sheng Mengying , Yin Xiaofeng , Ko Eun-A , Zhou Tong , Gu Wanjun 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Motivation
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs that are widely expressed in various cell lines and tissues of many organisms. Although the exact function of many circRNAs is largely unknown, the cell type—and tissue-specific circRNA expression has implicated their crucial functions in many biological processes. Hence, the quantification of circRNA expression from high-throughput RNA-seq data is becoming important to ascertain. Although many model-based methods have been developed to quantify linear RNA expression from RNA-seq data, these methods are not applicable to circRNA quantification.

Results
Here, we proposed a novel strategy that transforms circular transcripts to pseudo-linear transcripts and estimates the expression values of both circular and linear transcripts using an existing model-based algorithm, Sailfish. The new strategy can accurately estimate transcript expression of both linear and circular transcripts from RNA-seq data. Several factors, such as gene length, amount of expression and the ratio of circular to linear transcripts, had impacts on quantification performance of circular transcripts. In comparison to count-based tools, the new computational framework had superior performance in estimating the amount of circRNA expression from both simulated and real ribosomal RNA-depleted (rRNA-depleted) RNA-seq datasets. On the other hand, the consideration of circular transcripts in expression quantification from rRNA-depleted RNA-seq data showed substantial increased accuracy of linear transcript expression. Our proposed strategy was implemented in a program named Sailfish-cir.

Availability and Implementation
Sailfish-cir is freely available at https://github.com/zerodel/Sailfish-cir.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Mathematics and Root Interdisciplinarity
Authors: Fisher Erik , Beltran-del-Rio David 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
“Mathematics and Root Interdisciplinarity: Historical Perspectives” examines how mathematics meets criteria in the age of the inter- and transdisciplinarity of being a discipline that lies at the root of other disciplines. The chapter surveys the historical range of mathematics as directly applicable to a wide set of phenomena, practices, and developments in many other fields of learning and human endeavor. This brief reflection suggests that the application of mathematics to other domains is partially at least a function of what mathematics is considered to be.
New Public Service through Coproduction
Authors: Salm Jr. José Francisco , Pacheco Roberto C. S. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractNew Public Service (NPS) is a proposal for public administration structured on a foundation of public interest, democratic ideals, citizenship and community participation. NPS offers principles and premises to conceive of and to implement public services based on citizen and governmental coproduction. This goal requires citizen participation in elaboration, design, implementation, and evaluation of public policies, all based on common interest. From an academic perspective, NPS requires an interdisciplinary view, combining knowledge from disciplines such as public administration, law, political and social sciences. In ‘New Public Service through Coproduction,’ we discuss the conceptual and practical implications of relating NPS and transdisciplinary knowledge. We have listed several fields of applications where coproduction and society participation have open room for studying the multidimensional relationship between NPS and coproduction.
Administering Interdisciplinary Programs
Authors: Holley Karri 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe lengthy history of interdisciplinary activity in higher education offers important lessons about developing, administering, and assessing interdisciplinary programs. A deepening body of literature surrounding higher education studies and organizational theory surrounds these lessons. This literature acknowledges that, like any other system, higher education institutions face multiple influences from both internal and external stakeholders. This interaction requires an understanding of the environment in which higher education institutions operate. This chapter begins from the position of a changing environment for higher education to consider the challenges associated with administering interdisciplinary programs. After establishing organizational norms unique to higher education institutions, the chapter considers three specific areas: (1) the role of boundaries in shaping the university, and how interdisciplinary programs negotiate these boundaries; (2) the persistence of disciplinary cultures, and their impact on interdisciplinary programs; and (3) the resource challenge for contemporary higher education, and how this debate affects interdisciplinary activities.
Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin and Recurrent Placenta-Mediated Pregnancy Complications: A Meta-analysis of Individual Patient Data From Randomised Controlled Trials
Authors: Rodger Marc A. , Gris Jean-Christophe , de Vries Johanna I. P. , Martinelli Ida , Rey Évelyne , Schleussner Ekkehard , Middeldorp Saskia , Kaaja Risto , Langlois Nicole J. , Ramsay Timothy , Mallick Ranjeeta , Bates Shannon M. , Abheiden Carolien N. H. , Perna Annalisa , Petroff David , de Jong Paulien , van Hoorn Marion E. , Bezemer P. Dick , Mayhew Alain D. 
Published: March 2017

(Abstracted from Lancet 2016;388:2629–2641)
Placenta-mediated pregnancy complications include pre-eclampsia, birth of a small-for-gestational-age neonate, placental abruption, or late pregnancy loss and lead to maternal and fetal or neonatal morbidity and mortality. These complications have a high risk of recurring in subsequent pregnancies, and effective preventive measures are lacking.
Increasing Bending Stiffness of Antibiotic-impregnated Cement-covered Rod Constructs: A Biomechanical Study
Authors: Marmor Meir , Lee Moses , Friedberg David , McDonald Erik 
Published: March 2017

Introduction:
The use of antibiotic-impregnated cement-covered rods (ACR) has been reported for the treatment of posttraumatic osteomyelitis and infection. Early reports of ACRs described using a 3-mm guidewire as the central core of the rod; however, certain clinical scenarios may require a more rigid construct. We describe the principals and technique of using a thicker metal core to increase stiffness of the ACR.
A 40-Fr chest tube was filled with polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) cement. Metal central rods (3 and 5.8 mm) were inserted before the cement cured. Bending stiffness was measured and compared with a conventional intramedullary nail.
Increasing the core diameter of ACR constructs resulted in increased bending stiffness, but the ACR remained significantly weaker than conventional nails. Given the elution characteristics of antibiotic cement, and the relatively short duration of use of these rods, the relative decrease in volume of cement is unlikely to influence antibacterial effectiveness of the ACR.

Purpose:
The use of ACRs has been reported for the treatment of posttraumatic osteomyelitis and infection. Early reports of antibiotic rods described using a 3-mm guidewire as the central core of the rod; however, certain clinical scenarios may require a more rigid construct. The purpose of this study was to examine the use of a thicker metal core to increase stiffness of the ACR construct.

Methods:
A 40-Fr chest tube was filled with PMMA cement and metal central rods were inserted before the cement cured. Central cores utilized were a 3-mm intramedullary guidewire and a 5.8-mm fully threaded ring external fixator strut. Bending stiffness was then measured along multiple lengths of each specimen and compared with the bending stiffness of the bare metal inserts (without cement) and a conventional intramedullary nail (10.5-mm titanium).

Results:
The mean bending stiffness was 4.96±0.67 N m2 for the 5.8-mm-core cement rod and 3.07±0.28 N m2 for the 3-mm-core cement rod (P=0.0039). The bending stiffness for the 3-mm guidewire, 5.8-mm rod, and the intramedullary nail alone were 0.87, 3.1, and 31.7 N m2, respectively.

Conclusions:
Increasing core diameter of ACR constructs will predictably increase their bending stiffness; however, ACRs will remain significantly weaker than conventional intramedullary nails. Given the elution characteristics of antibiotic cement, and the relatively short duration of use of these rods, the relative decrease in volume of cement is unlikely to influence the antibacterial effectiveness of the ACR.