bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Left ventricular deformation at rest predicts exercise‐induced elevation in pulmonary artery wedge pressure in patients with unexplained dyspnoea
Authors: Biering‐Sørensen Tor , Santos Mário , Rivero Jose , McCullough Shane D. , West Erin , Opotowsky Alexander R. , Waxman Aaron B. , Systrom David M. , Shah Amil M. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAimsImpaired left ventricular (LV) deformation despite preserved LV ejection fraction (LVEF) is common and predicts outcomes in heart failure with preserved LVEF. We hypothesized that impaired LV deformation at rest is a marker of impaired cardiac systolic and diastolic reserve, and aimed to determine whether resting longitudinal (LS) and circumferential strain (CS) are associated with invasively measured haemodynamic response to exercise in patients with dyspnoea and a normal LVEF.Methods and resultsWe studied 85 patients with LVEF ≥50% and free of significant valvular disease who were referred for evaluation of dyspnoea. All patients underwent rest echocardiography followed by right heart catheterization and cardiopulmonary exercise testing with concomitant invasive haemodynamic monitoring. The LS, CS and CS/LS ratio were measured by two‐dimensional speckle‐tracking echocardiography at rest. Lower absolute LS at rest was associated with greater increase in pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (PAWP) from rest to peak exercise (r = 0.23, P = 0.034). In contrast, higher absolute CS at rest predicted a greater increase in PAWP (r = − 0.27, P = 0.032) and greater stroke volume augmentation with exercise (r = − 0.26, P = 0.021). Higher CS/LS ratio was most predictive of elevation in PAWP with exercise (r = 0.30, P = 0.015). Of the measures of LV systolic and diastolic function assessed, the CS/LS ratio resulted in the highest area under the curve and specificity for the presence of rest‐ or exercise‐induced pulmonary venous hypertension.ConclusionLeft ventricular deformation at rest predicts exercise‐induced rise in PAWP among patients with dyspnoea and a preserved LVEF. A pattern of rest deformation characterized by worse LS and exaggerated CS is most strongly associated with exercise‐induced rise in PAWP.
Investigation of Carbon Flows in Switzerland with the Special Consideration of Carbon Dioxide as a Feedstock for Sustainable Energy Carriers
Authors: Meier Boris , Ruoss Fabian , Friedl Markus 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe substitution of fossil energy carriers by renewable hydrocarbons is a promising measure to reduce net CO2 emissions. The production of renewable hydrocarbons requires hydrogen and carbon. Although hydrogen is easily accessible, the finding of optimal carbon sources requires an understanding of natural and anthropogenic carbon flows. However, there is no overview on the entire carbon flows in Switzerland yet. Although the potential of carbon from biomass is well known, it is unknown whether CO2 is the limiting factor for the production of renewable synthetic fuels. In a comprehensive analysis, 57 carbon paths within Switzerland and across its borders are identified. The carbon flows are quantified for 2013 and illustrated in a Sankey diagram. The diagram is universal and may be applied to other countries in this form. From this analysis, optimal carbon sources for renewable fuels are found. The question is discussed of whether CO2 for synthetic renewable fuels may also originate from nonbiogenic sources. Optimal carbon sources are either biomass or CO2 from incineration plants or cement‐manufacturing plants. If all accessible CO2 from these plants was used for the production of CH4, 43 % of Switzerland's road transportation could be powered with only a very low net CO2 emission if the electric power originates from renewable sources. The limiting factor for the production of synthetic fuel is renewable electrical energy rather than CO2. We propose that the origin of CO2 does not affect the sustainability of the synthetic fuel but the origin of the electric power does.
Age‐related decline in task switching is linked to both global and tract‐specific changes in white matter microstructure
Authors: Jolly Todd A.D. , Cooper Patrick S. , Rennie Jaime L. , Levi Christopher R. , Lenroot Rhoshel , Parsons Mark W. , Michie Patricia T. , Karayanidis Frini 
Published: November 2016

AbstractTask‐switching performance relies on a broadly distributed frontoparietal network and declines in older adults. In this study, they investigated whether this age‐related decline in task switching performance was mediated by variability in global or regional white matter microstructural health. Seventy cognitively intact adults (43–87 years) completed a cued‐trials task switching paradigm. Microstructural white matter measures were derived using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) analyses on the diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) sequence. Task switching performance decreased with increasing age and radial diffusivity (RaD), a measure of white matter microstructure that is sensitive to myelin structure. RaD mediated the relationship between age and task switching performance. However, the relationship between RaD and task switching performance remained significant when controlling for age and was stronger in the presence of cardiovascular risk factors. Variability in error and RT mixing cost were associated with RaD in global white matter and in frontoparietal white matter tracts, respectively. These findings suggest that age‐related increase in mixing cost may result from both global and tract‐specific disruption of cerebral white matter linked to the increased incidence of cardiovascular risks in older adults. Hum Brain Mapp 38:1588–1603, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cognitive biases among early adolescents with elevated symptoms of anxiety, depression, and co‐occurring symptoms of anxiety‐depression
Authors: Weeks Murray , Coplan Robert J. , Ooi Laura L. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAnxiety and depression are often highly correlated in adolescence, and cognitive biases are commonly associated with both types of symptoms. The purpose of this study was to examine cognitive biases in early adolescents showing: (a) elevated symptoms of anxiety; (b) elevated symptoms of depression; (c) elevated co‐occurring symptoms of anxiety and depression; and (d) neither elevated symptoms of anxiety nor depression (comparison group). In particular, we were interested in the extent to which certain cognitive biases showed symptom specificity. Participants were N = 686 10‐ to 14‐year‐olds, who provided self‐reports of anxiety, depression, and measures of cognitive biases. Four groups were created based on quartile cutoffs: anxious, depressed, anxious‐depressed, and comparison. Among the results from multivariate analysis of variance, the anxious group thought negative events were more costly as compared to the depressed group. In contrast, the depressed group was higher in terms of negative causal attributions, overgeneralizing, selective abstraction, and negative views of the self, world, and future. The anxious‐depressed group showed an overall more negative pattern of cognitive biases than all other groups. Symptoms of anxiety and depression are distinguishable in terms of certain cognitive biases, and the co‐occurrence of symptoms is indicative of a particularly negative pattern of thinking. These findings have implications for intervention programs that could target specific cognitive biases.Highlights

Are distinct patterns of cognitive biases evident among early adolescents with symptoms of anxiety, symptoms of depression, and co‐occurring symptoms of anxiety and depression?
We collected self reports of cognitive biases. We also collected self reports of anxiety, depression, and cognitive biases, and created the following groups: 1) anxious; 2) depressed; 3) anxious‐depressed; 4) comparison.
Symptoms of anxiety and depression are distinguishable in terms of certain cognitive biases, and symptom co‐occurrence may indicate a particularly maladaptive pattern of thinking.
Ionizing radiation promotes CCL27 secretion from keratinocytes through the cross talk between TNF‐α and ROS
Authors: Zhang Qian , Zhu Linlin , Wang Gang , Zhao Ye , Xiong Na , Bao Hegang , Jin Wensen 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe skin‐associated chemokine CCL27 and its receptor CCR10 mediate the immune response of skin‐homing T cells. The CCL27 secreted from keratinocytes was reportedly involved in inflammatory skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, and psoriasis. However, whether ionizing radiation increases the levels of CCL27 secretion still remains unclear. In HaCaT cells, a human keratinocyte cell line, CCL27 secretion was markedly increased after X‐ray irradiation. We further found that irradiation boosted the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which was concomitant with the release of tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α). Moreover, alteration of ROS in irradiated HaCaT cells correlated with TNF‐α secretion, indicating a positive loop of TNF‐α secretion and ROS generation. This positive loop regulated the secretion of CCL27 from irradiated cells. We therefore concluded that the cross talk between TNF‐α and ROS after keratinocytes was exposed to radiation, triggered CCL27 secretion for subsequent inflammation response.
Crimp length decreases in lax tendons due to cytoskeletal tension, but is restored with tensional homeostasis
Authors: Lavagnino Michael , Brooks Andrew E. , Oslapas Anna N. , Gardner Keri L. , Arnoczky Steven P. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTCollagen crimp morphology is thought to contribute to the material behavior of tendons and may reflect the local mechanobiological environment of tendon cells. Following loss of collagen tension in tendons, tenocytes initiate a contraction response that shortens tendon length which, in turn, may alter crimp patterns. We hypothesized that changes in the crimp pattern of tendons are the result of cell‐based contractions which are governed by relative tautness/laxity of the collagen matrix. To determine the relationship between crimp pattern and tensional homeostasis, rat tail tendon fascicles (RTTfs) were either allowed to freely contract or placed in clamps with 10% laxity for 7 days. The freely contracting RTTfs showed a significant decrease in percent crimp length on both day 5 (3.66%) and day 7 (7.70%). This decrease in crimp length significantly correlated with the decrease in freely contracting RTTf length. Clamped RTTfs demonstrated a significant decrease in percent crimp length on day 5 (1.7%), but no significant difference in percent crimp length on day 7 (0.57%). The results demonstrate that the tendon crimp pattern appears to be under cellular control and is a reflection of the local mechanobiological environment of the extracellular matrix. The ability of tenocytes to actively alter the crimp pattern of collagen fibers also suggests that tenocytes can influence the viscoelastic properties of tendon. Understanding the interactions between tenocytes and their extracellular matrix may lead to further insight into the role tendon cells play in maintaining tendon heath and homeostasis. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:573–579, 2017.
Glacier‐based climate reconstructions for the last glacial–interglacial transition: Arthur's Pass, New Zealand (43°S)
Authors: Eaves Shaun R. , Anderson Brian M. , Mackintosh Andrew N. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTGeological records of mountain glacier fluctuations provide useful evidence for tracing the magnitude and rate of past temperature change. In this study, we present air temperature reconstructions for the last glacial termination in New Zealand derived using snowline reconstructions and numerical glacier modelling. We target the Arthur's Pass moraines in the Otira River catchment, which have previously been dated to the Lateglacial using cosmogenic 10Be. Recalculation of these exposure ages using a locally calibrated 10Be production rate indicates that these moraines formed ca. 16–14 ka. Our glacier modelling experiments and snowline reconstructions exhibit good agreement and show that the Arthur's Pass moraines formed in a climate that was 2.2–3.5 °C colder than present. Combining our results with other, proximal glacier records shows that ice in this catchment retreated ca. 50 km from the coastal plain to the main divide during the interval 17–15 ka, in response to a temperature increase of at least ca. 3 °C. Over half of this retreat occurred after the glacier had withdrawn from an overdeepened basin. Thus, we conclude that temperature increase was the primary driver of widespread and rapid glacier retreat in New Zealand at the onset of the last glacial termination.
Sherpas share genetic variations with Tibetans for high‐altitude adaptation
Authors: Bhandari Sushil , Zhang Xiaoming , Cui Chaoying , Yangla  , Liu Lan , Ouzhuluobu  , Baimakangzhuo  , Gonggalanzi  , Bai Caijuan , Bianba  , Peng Yi , Zhang Hui , Xiang Kun , Shi Hong , Liu Shiming , Gengdeng  , Wu Tianyi , Qi Xuebin , Su Bing 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundSherpas, a highlander population living in Khumbu region of Nepal, are well known for their superior climbing ability in Himalayas. However, the genetic basis of their adaptation to high‐altitude environments remains elusive.MethodsWe collected DNA samples of 582 Sherpas from Nepal and Tibetan Autonomous Region of China, and we measured their hemoglobin levels and degrees of blood oxygen saturation. We genotyped 29 EPAS1 SNPs, two EGLN1 SNPs and the TED polymorphism (3.4 kb deletion) in Sherpas. We also performed genetic association analysis among these sequence variants with phenotypic data.ResultsWe found similar allele frequencies on the tested 32 variants of these genes in Sherpas and Tibetans. Sherpa individuals carrying the derived alleles of EPAS1 (rs113305133, rs116611511 and rs12467821), EGLN1 (rs186996510 and rs12097901) and TED have lower hemoglobin levels when compared with those wild‐type allele carriers. Most of the EPAS1 variants showing significant association with hemoglobin levels in Tibetans were replicated in Sherpas.ConclusionThe shared sequence variants and hemoglobin trait between Sherpas and Tibetans indicate a shared genetic basis for high‐altitude adaptation, consistent with the proposal that Sherpas are in fact a recently derived population from Tibetans and they inherited adaptive variants for high‐altitude adaptation from their Tibetan ancestors.
Association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII) and telomere length and C‐reactive protein from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey‐1999–2002
Authors: Shivappa Nitin , Wirth Michael D. , Hurley Thomas G. , Hébert James R. 
Published: November 2016

ScopeLeukocyte telomere length (LTL) is an important biomarker of aging. This study examined whether inflammatory potential of diet, as measured by the Dietary Inflammatory IndexTM (DII) has an impact on telomere shortening in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). We also carried out validation of the DII with C‐reactive protein (CRP).Methods and resultsData came from NHANES 1999–2002. LTL and CRP were assayed from leukocyte DNA and serum specimens, respectively. The DII was calculated from food intakes assessed using 24‐h dietary recalls and expressed per 1000 calories consumed. Associations were examined using survey‐based multivariable linear regression for log‐transformed LTL. After multivariable adjustment, higher DII scores (i.e. relatively more pro inflammatory) were associated with shorter LTL both when used as continuous (b  =  –0.003; 95% confidence interval [CI]  =  –0.005, –0.0002) and as quartiles (bDIIquartile4vs1  =  –0.013; 95% CI  =  –0.025, –0.001; Ptrend  =  .03). In this same sample the DII also was associated with CRP ≥3 mg/L (ORDIIcontinuous = 1.10; 95% CI = 1.06, 1.16).ConclusionIn these NHANES data there was an association between DII and LTL. This study also provided a successful construct validation of the DII using CRP in a nationally representative sample. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that diet‐associated inflammation determines LTL.
Altered expression of BRG1 and histone demethylases, and aberrant H3K4 methylation in less developmentally competent embryos at the time of embryonic genome activation
Authors: Glanzner Werner G. , Wachter Audrey , Coutinho Ana Rita S. , Albornoz Marcelo S. , Duggavathi Raj , GonÇAlves Paulo B. D. , Bordignon Vilceu 
Published: November 2016

SUMMARYEpigenetics is a fundamental regulator underlying many biological functions, such as development and cell differentiation. Epigenetic modifications affect key chromatin regulation, including transcription and DNA repair, which are critical for normal embryo development. In this study, we profiled the expression of epigenetic modifiers and patterns of epigenetic changes in porcine embryos around the period of embryonic genome activation (EGA). We observed that Brahma‐related gene 1 (BRG1) and Lysine demethylase 1A (KDM1A), which can alter the methylation status of lysine 4 in histone 3 (H3K4), localize to the nucleus at Day 3–4 of development. We then compared the abundance of epigenetic modifiers between early‐ and late‐cleaving embryos, which were classified based on the time to the first cell cleavage, to investigate if their nuclear localization contributes to developmental competence. The mRNA abundance of BRG1, KDM1A, as well as other lysine demethylases (KDM1B, KDM5A, KDM5B, and KDM5C), were significantly higher in late‐ compared to early‐cleaving embryos near the EGA period, although these difference disappeared at the blastocyst stage. The abundance of H3K4 mono‐ (H3K4me) and di‐methylation (H3K4me2) during the EGA period was reduced in late‐cleaving and less developmentally competent embryos. By contrast, BRG1, KDM1A, and H3K4me2 abundance was greater in embryos with more than eight cells at Day 3–4 of development compared to those with fewer than four cells. These findings suggest that altered epigenetic modifications of H3K4 around the EGA period may affect the developmental capacity of porcine embryos to reach the blastocyst stage. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 84: 19–29, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Environmental Impact of Energetics on Test Ranges
Authors: Hristov Hristo P. , Hristov Hristo I. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn recent years, pollution of environmental components onsite training and test ranges has drawn attention of governments and defence ministries. In a great number of NATO and EU countries, measures have been taken including an assessment of test ranges status and their pollution content. A number of researches have been conducted in this area and their results have been published. Most of them comprise disturbing data on the measured contamination levels of explosives and heavy metals in soil and groundwater. This qualifies the problem on management of sites contamination with munitions constituents as a serious one and of international concern.
Domain architecture of vasohibins required for their chaperone‐dependent unconventional extracellular release
Authors: Kadonosono Tetsuya , Yimchuen Wanaporn , Tsubaki Takuya , Shiozawa Tadashi , Suzuki Yasuhiro , Kuchimaru Takahiro , Sato Yasufumi , Kizaka‐Kondoh Shinae 
Published: November 2016

AbstractVasohibins (VASH1 and VASH2) are recently identified regulators of angiogenesis and cancer cell functions. They are secreted proteins without any classical secretion signal sequences, and are thought to be secreted instead via an unconventional protein secretion (UPS) pathway in a small vasohibin‐binding protein (SVBP)‐dependent manner. However, the precise mechanism of SVBP‐dependent UPS is poorly understood. In this study, we identified a novel UPS regulatory system in which essential domain architecture (VASH‐PS) of VASHs, comprising regions VASH191–180 and VASH280–169, regulate the cytosolic punctate structure formation in the absence of SVBP. We also demonstrate that SVBP form a complex with VASH1 through the VASH1274–282 (SIa), VASH1139‐144 (SIb), and VASH1133–137 (SIc), leading to the dispersion in the cytosol and extracellular release of VASH1. The amino acid sequences of VASH‐SIa and VASH‐PS, containing SIb and SIc, are highly conserved among VASH family members in vertebrates, suggesting that SVBP‐dependent UPS may be common within the VASH family. This novel UPS regulatory system may open up new avenues for understanding fundamental protein secretion in vertebrates.
Pleural Effusion After Hepatectomy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Risk Factor Analyses and Its Impact on Oncological Outcomes
Authors: Uchiyama Hideaki , Harimoto Norifumi , Itoh Shinji , Yoshizumi Tomoharu , Ikegami Toru , Maehara Yoshihiko 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundAlthough posthepatectomy pleural effusion (PHPE) is a commonly observed phenomenon, its precise etiology and the impact of its emergence on oncological outcomes have still unknown. The aim of the current study was to retrospectively investigate risk factors for PHPE and its impact on oncological outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsMedical records of 330 patients who underwent primary curative hepatectomy for HCC were reviewed. All 330 patients had CT around day 7 after hepatectomy, and the emergence of PHPE on CT was examined. Presumed 38 risk factors for the emergence of PHPE and already‐known 9 risk factors together with PHPE for HCC recurrence and patient death after hepatectomy were analyzed.ResultsThe overall incidence of PHPE was 54.5% (180/330). One hundred seventy‐nine and 38 out of the 180 patients had right‐sided PHPE and left‐sided PHPE, respectively. The independent risk factors for right‐sided PHPE were hepatitis B or C back ground, lower preoperative white blood cell count, larger intraoperative blood loss, longer operation time, subcostal incision, and longer total inflow occlusion time, while the only independent risk factor for left‐sided PHPE was longer operation time. Left‐sided PHPE was testified to be one of the independent risk factors not only for HCC recurrence but also for patient death.ConclusionsAlthough the cause of PHPE after hepatectomy might be multifactorial, the emergence of left‐sided PHPE is a portent of worse oncological outcomes after curative hepatectomy for HCC and patients with left‐sided PHPE need close follow‐ups.