bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Exit-Voice Choice: Religious Cleavages, Public Aid, and America's Private Schools
Authors: Hackett Ursula 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn America's culture wars denominations increasingly ally with one another despite differences in theology, church organization, and membership. But these developments are not reflected in America's private K-12 school system or in patterns of public aid for children who attend them where divisions between religious traditions remain stark. I demonstrate, by means of an analysis of critical junctures in American political development supported by statistical analysis, that Catholics who desire a religious education for their children have historically tended to exit for the parochial sector while Evangelicals having similar desires lobbied for reform of the public school system. These differential group responses stem from differing conceptions of identity and belonging, theological understanding, and institutional structure. In American education policy, differences between religious groups are surprisingly tenacious.
Inductive interactions mediated by interplay of asymmetric signalling underlie development of adult haematopoietic stem cells
Authors: Souilhol Céline , Gonneau Christèle , Lendinez Javier G. , Batsivari Antoniana , Rybtsov Stanislav , Wilson Heather , Morgado-Palacin Lucia , Hills David , Taoudi Samir , Antonchuk Jennifer , Zhao Suling , Medvinsky Alexander 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDuring embryonic development, adult haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) emerge preferentially in the ventral domain of the aorta in the aorta–gonad–mesonephros (AGM) region. Several signalling pathways such as Notch, Wnt, Shh and RA are implicated in this process, yet how these interact to regulate the emergence of HSCs has not previously been described in mammals. Using a combination of ex vivo and in vivo approaches, we report here that stage-specific reciprocal dorso–ventral inductive interactions and lateral input from the urogenital ridges are required to drive HSC development in the aorta. Our study strongly suggests that these inductive interactions in the AGM region are mediated by the interplay between spatially polarized signalling pathways. Specifically, Shh produced in the dorsal region of the AGM, stem cell factor in the ventral and lateral regions, and BMP inhibitory signals in the ventral tissue are integral parts of the regulatory system involved in the development of HSCs.
A ligand-independent integrin β1 mechanosensory complex guides spindle orientation
Authors: Petridou Nicoletta I. , Skourides Paris A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractControl of spindle orientation is a fundamental process for embryonic development, morphogenesis and tissue homeostasis, while defects are associated with tumorigenesis and other diseases. Force sensing is one of the mechanisms through which division orientation is determined. Here we show that integrin β1 plays a critical role in this process, becoming activated at the lateral regions of the cell cortex in a ligand-independent manner. This activation is force dependent and polar, correlating with the spindle capture sites. Inhibition of integrin β1 activation on the cortex and disruption of its asymmetric distribution leads to spindle misorientation, even when cell adhesion is β1 independent. Examining downstream targets reveals that a cortical mechanosensory complex forms on active β1, and regulates spindle orientation irrespective of cell context. We propose that ligand-independent integrin β1 activation is a conserved mechanism that allows cell responses to external stimuli.
Cadherin-11 localizes to focal adhesions and promotes cell–substrate adhesion
Authors: Langhe Rahul P. , Gudzenko Tetyana , Bachmann Michael , Becker Sarah F. , Gonnermann Carina , Winter Claudia , Abbruzzese Genevieve , Alfandari Dominique , Kratzer Marie-Claire , Franz Clemens M. , Kashef Jubin 
Published: March 2016

AbstractCadherin receptors have a well-established role in cell–cell adhesion, cell polarization and differentiation. However, some cadherins also promote cell and tissue movement during embryonic development and tumour progression. In particular, cadherin-11 is upregulated during tumour and inflammatory cell invasion, but the mechanisms underlying cadherin-11 stimulated cell migration are still incompletely understood. Here, we show that cadherin-11 localizes to focal adhesions and promotes adhesion to fibronectin in Xenopus neural crest, a highly migratory embryonic cell population. Transfected cadherin-11 also localizes to focal adhesions in different mammalian cell lines, while endogenous cadherin-11 shows focal adhesion localization in primary human fibroblasts. In focal adhesions, cadherin-11 co-localizes with β1-integrin and paxillin and physically interacts with the fibronectin-binding proteoglycan syndecan-4. Adhesion to fibronectin mediated by cadherin-11/syndecan-4 complexes requires both the extracellular domain of syndecan-4, and the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of cadherin-11. These results reveal an unexpected role of a classical cadherin in cell–matrix adhesion during cell migration.
Electrochemical oxygen reduction catalysed by Ni3(hexaiminotriphenylene)2
Authors: Miner Elise M. , Fukushima Tomohiro , Sheberla Dennis , Sun Lei , Surendranath Yogesh , Dincă Mircea 
Published: March 2016

AbstractControl over the architectural and electronic properties of heterogeneous catalysts poses a major obstacle in the targeted design of active and stable non-platinum group metal electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction. Here we introduce Ni3(HITP)2 (HITP=2, 3, 6, 7, 10, 11-hexaiminotriphenylene) as an intrinsically conductive metal-organic framework which functions as a well-defined, tunable oxygen reduction electrocatalyst in alkaline solution. Ni3(HITP)2 exhibits oxygen reduction activity competitive with the most active non-platinum group metal electrocatalysts and stability during extended polarization. The square planar Ni-N4 sites are structurally reminiscent of the highly active and widely studied non-platinum group metal electrocatalysts containing M-N4 units. Ni3(HITP)2 and analogues thereof combine the high crystallinity of metal-organic frameworks, the physical durability and electrical conductivity of graphitic materials, and the diverse yet well-controlled synthetic accessibility of molecular species. Such properties may enable the targeted synthesis and systematic optimization of oxygen reduction electrocatalysts as components of fuel cells and electrolysers for renewable energy applications.
Experimental evidence for compositional syntax in bird calls
Authors: Suzuki Toshitaka N. , Wheatcroft David , Griesser Michael 
Published: March 2016

AbstractHuman language can express limitless meanings from a finite set of words based on combinatorial rules (i.e., compositional syntax). Although animal vocalizations may be comprised of different basic elements (notes), it remains unknown whether compositional syntax has also evolved in animals. Here we report the first experimental evidence for compositional syntax in a wild animal species, the Japanese great tit (Parus minor). Tits have over ten different notes in their vocal repertoire and use them either solely or in combination with other notes. Experiments reveal that receivers extract different meanings from ‘ABC’ (scan for danger) and ‘D’ notes (approach the caller), and a compound meaning from ‘ABC–D’ combinations. However, receivers rarely scan and approach when note ordering is artificially reversed (‘D–ABC’). Thus, compositional syntax is not unique to human language but may have evolved independently in animals as one of the basic mechanisms of information transmission.
Towards population-level conservation in the critically endangered Antarctic blue whale: the number and distribution of their populations
Authors: Attard Catherine R. M. , Beheregaray Luciano B. , Möller Luciana M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPopulation-level conservation is required to prevent biodiversity loss within a species, but it first necessitates determining the number and distribution of populations. Many whale populations are still depleted due to 20th century whaling. Whales are one of the most logistically difficult and expensive animals to study because of their mobility, pelagic lifestyle and often remote habitat. We tackle the question of population structure in the Antarctic blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus intermedia) – a critically endangered subspecies and the largest extant animal – by capitalizing on the largest genetic dataset to date for Antarctic blue whales. We found evidence of three populations that are sympatric in the Antarctic feeding grounds and likely occupy separate breeding grounds. Our study adds to knowledge of population structure in the Antarctic blue whale. Future research should invest in locating the breeding grounds and migratory routes of Antarctic blue whales through satellite telemetry to confirm their population structure and allow population-level conservation.
miR-155 Deletion in Female Mice Prevents Diet-Induced Obesity
Authors: Gaudet Andrew D. , Fonken Laura K. , Gushchina Liubov V. , Aubrecht Taryn G. , Maurya Santosh K. , Periasamy Muthu , Nelson Randy J. , Popovich Phillip G. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObesity is a growing epidemic in developed countries. Obese individuals are susceptible to comorbidities, including cardiovascular disease and metabolic disorder. Increasing the ability of adipose tissue to expend excess energy could improve protection from obesity. One promising target is microRNA (miR)-155-5p. We demonstrate that deletion of miR-155 (-5p and -3p) in female mice prevents diet-induced obesity. Body weight gain did not differ between wild-type (WT) and miR-155 knockout (KO) mice fed control diet (CD); however, miR-155 KO mice fed high-fat diet (HFD) gained 56% less body weight and 74% less gonadal white adipose tissue (WAT) than WT mice. Enhanced WAT thermogenic potential, brown adipose tissue differentiation, and/or insulin sensitivity might underlie this obesity resistance. Indeed, miR-155 KO mice on HFD had 21% higher heat release than WT HFD mice. Compared to WT adipocytes, miR-155 KO adipocytes upregulated brown (Ucp1, Cidea, Pparg) and white (Fabp4, Pnpla2, AdipoQ, Fasn) adipogenic genes, and glucose metabolism genes (Glut4, Irs1). miR-155 deletion abrogated HFD-induced adipocyte hypertrophy and WAT inflammation. Therefore, miR-155 deletion increases adipogenic, insulin sensitivity, and energy uncoupling machinery, while limiting inflammation in WAT, which together could restrict HFD-induced fat accumulation. Our results identify miR-155 as a novel candidate target for improving obesity resistance.
Preexisting mild sleep disturbance as a vulnerability factor for inflammation-induced depressed mood: a human experimental study
Authors: Cho H J , Eisenberger N I , Olmstead R , Breen E C , Irwin M R 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSleep disturbance and depression are common, particularly in females, and sleep disturbance is a well-known risk factor for depression. Systemic inflammation has been suggested as a potential mechanism of this association. This study examined whether preexisting sleep disturbance acted as a vulnerability factor for depressed mood induced by an inflammatory challenge in healthy females vs males. In a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled design, volunteers aged 18–50 (N=111; 67 females) were assigned to placebo or low-dose endotoxin. Before substance administration, sleep disturbance was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and dichotomized using median split (⩾3 vs <3). Self-reported depressed mood (profile of mood states) and circulating proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α) were repeatedly assessed over 6 h. Among females, moderation of depressed mood by sleep disturbance was significant even after adjustment for covariates (X2=12.73, df=6, P<0.05). There was a robust time-by-condition interaction in females with sleep disturbance (X2=26.22, df=6, P<0.001), but not in females without sleep disturbance (X2=8.65, df=6, P=0.19). Although cytokines increased equally in all females, the correlations between cytokines and depressed mood were significantly stronger in females with sleep disturbance. Among males, no moderating effect of sleep disturbance was observed. Inflammation-induced depressed mood was considerably more severe among females reporting mild sleep disturbance compared with those reporting no sleep disturbance, suggesting that even mild sleep disturbance may increase vulnerability for inflammation-induced depression in females. Furthermore, sleep disturbance appears to increase the vulnerability to depression by augmenting affective sensitivity to cytokines rather than by enhancing cytokine responses to inflammatory challenge in females.
8/10 two‐dimensional modulation code for holographic data storage systems
Authors: Nguyen C.D. , Lee J. 
Published: March 2016

Holographic data storage (HDS) provides the high storage density and fast data‐access rate because of the page‐oriented data processing, and by the same reason, the performance of retrieving original user data is mainly affected by 2D intersymbol interference (ISI). An 8/10 2D modulation code for mitigating a 2D ISI in HDS systems is proposed. The simulation results show that the proposed code provides a gain of approximately 6 dB at BER of 10−6 compared to the raw signal without encoding. Especially, in comparison to a recently suggested 6/8 modulation code, the proposed scheme not only offers a higher code rate, but it also exposes a boost of the system performance under misalignment conditions.
Natural flux minimisation technique for enhanced operation of doubly‐fed induction generator
Authors: Asha Rani M.A. , Nagamani Chilakapati , Ilango Ganesan Saravana 
Published: March 2016

This paper presents a robust reference current generation technique for rotor side converter (RSC) control of a grid connected doubly‐fed induction generator (DFIG) to eliminate the natural flux revolving in air gap implemented in the positive d–q reference frame. The objective of the scheme is to enhance the performance of the generator under grid unbalance by eliminating the double frequency content in the d–q axes stator flux without using double vector control. RSC is employed to minimise the oscillations in stator flux and consequently in power and torque while grid side converter minimises the dc‐link voltage ripples and maintains zero grid reactive power. It is revealed that, minimising the stator flux pulsations as a single control target enables minimisation of unbalance in stator and grid currents and pulsations in torque, power and dc‐link voltage. Further, the simplicity in implementation and computation of reference currents and rotor flux, and robustness under parameter variations render the scheme attractive. The performance of DFIG is investigated through numerical simulations in PSCAD/EMTDC for a 250 kW DFIG system and further, through experimental results for a 2.3 kW DFIG test setup. The results show the enhanced performance of DFIG with the proposed scheme.
Population-based 3D genome structure analysis reveals driving forces in spatial genome organization
Authors: Tjong Harianto , Li Wenyuan , Kalhor Reza , Dai Chao , Hao Shengli , Gong Ke , Zhou Yonggang , Li Haochen , Zhou Xianghong Jasmine , Le Gros Mark A. , Larabell Carolyn A. , Chen Lin , Alber Frank 
Published: March 2016

Significance
We provide a method for population-based structure modeling of whole diploid genomes using Hi-C data. The method considers the stochastic nature of chromosome structures, which allows a detailed analysis of the dynamic landscape of genome organizations. We predict and experimentally validate the presence of chromosome-specific higher-order centromere clusters, which can play a key role in the spatial organization of the human genome, specifically influencing the overall chromosome positioning, as well as the preference of specific chromosome conformations. Our approach generate predictive structural models of diploid genomes from Hi-C data, which can provide insights into the guiding principles of 3D genome organizations.
Infants ask for help when they know they don’t know
Authors: Goupil Louise , Romand-Monnier Margaux , Kouider Sid 
Published: March 2016

Significance
Although many animals have been shown to monitor their own uncertainty, only humans seem to have the ability to explicitly communicate their uncertainty to others. It remains unknown whether this ability is present early in development, or whether it only emerges later alongside language development. Here, using a nonverbal memory-monitoring paradigm, we show that infants are able to strategically ask for help to avoid making mistakes. These findings reveal that infants are capable of monitoring and communicating their own uncertainty. We propose that explicit metacognition develops earlier than previously thought, enabling infants to communicate their own uncertainty nonverbally to gain knowledge from others.
Mutually repressive interaction between Brn1/2 and Rorb contributes to the establishment of neocortical layer 2/3 and layer 4
Authors: Oishi Koji , Aramaki Michihiko , Nakajima Kazunori 
Published: March 2016

Significance
The mammalian neocortex consists of six histologically distinct layers, called layer 1 (L1) to L6. Each layer contains several subtypes of neurons, which are characterized by specific cell morphology, gene expression profile, and connectivity to other regions of the central nervous system. As these neurons are mostly born from common progenitor cells, it is important to know how progenitor cells acquire a certain cell type during development. Here, we reveal the essential interactions between two types of transcription factors, Brn1/2 and Rorb, for subtype specification. Brn1/2 and Rorb are expressed in L2/3 and L4, respectively, in the mature neocortex. We found that Brn1/2 and Rorb repress each other and that this reciprocal repression is important for L2/3 and L4 specification.
Behavioral response inhibition and maturation of goal representation in prefrontal cortex after puberty
Authors: Zhou Xin , Zhu Dantong , King Samson G. , Lees Cynthia J. , Bennett Allyson J. , Salinas Emilio , Stanford Terrence R. , Constantinidis Christos 
Published: March 2016

Significance
The ability to resist impulsive responses matures late in life, after puberty. This longitudinal study of the prefrontal cortex in monkeys shows that behavioral response inhibition improves not because the adult prefrontal cortex is better able to inhibit the effects of a prepotent stimulus but rather because it can more readily form an alternative plan of action. The finding is revealing about the nature of cognitive maturation and the conditions in which it is impaired that have clinical and social implications.
Structure and mechanism of the phage T4 recombination mediator protein UvsY
Authors: Gajewski Stefan , Waddell Michael Brett , Vaithiyalingam Sivaraja , Nourse Amanda , Li Zhenmei , Woetzel Nils , Alexander Nathan , Meiler Jens , White Stephen W. 
Published: March 2016

Significance
UvsY is the phage T4 recombination mediator protein, and structural and biophysical studies provide insights into its role in T4 homologous recombination. Homologous recombination mediates the error-free repair of DNA double-strand breaks and is found in all kingdoms of life. It is the mechanism whereby single-stranded DNA invades homologous double-stranded DNA to seek matching base pairs and then promotes strand exchange prior to DNA repair via recombination-dependent replication. Recombination is mediated by a recombinase that initially competes with single-strand DNA-binding proteins for access to the DNA. The role of the mediator proteins is to facilitate this handover. UvsY represents a model for how this exchange occurs in phage T4 that is directly applicable to higher organisms including humans.
PP2A methylation controls sensitivity and resistance to β-amyloid–induced cognitive and electrophysiological impairments
Authors: Nicholls Russell E. , Sontag Jean-Marie , Zhang Hong , Staniszewski Agnieszka , Yan Shijun , Kim Carla Y. , Yim Michael , Woodruff Caitlin M. , Arning Erland , Wasek Brandi , Yin Deqi , Bottiglieri Teodoro , Sontag Estelle , Kandel Eric R. , Arancio Ottavio 
Published: March 2016

Significance
Elevated levels of the β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) are thought to contribute to the cognitive impairments associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We found that by genetically targeting the methylation of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) in transgenic mice, we could alter the sensitivity of animals to electrophysiological and cognitive impairments caused by Aβ exposure without affecting Aβ production or the electrophysiological response to low concentrations of Aβ. These data support a role for PP2A methylation in contributing to AD risk and identify a potential therapeutic pathway that might be exploited to target the pathological actions of Aβ selectively.
Discovery and dissection of metabolic oscillations in the microaerobic nitric oxide response network ofEscherichia coli
Authors: Robinson Jonathan L. , Brynildsen Mark P. 
Published: March 2016

SignificanceMany bacteria use NO· dioxygenase and NO· reductase to defend themselves against immune-generated NO·. The importance and contribution of these systems under microaerobic conditions, which pathogens are likely to encounter within a host, remain poorly understood. We investigated the NO· response ofEscherichia colithroughout the microaerobic regime, and discovered conditions that largely disabled the NO· defenses ofE. coli, and environments where the [NO·] oscillated. Components found to comprise the oscillatory circuit are distributed broadly among bacterial species, suggesting that these dynamics could be a characteristic feature of how bacteria respond to NO· in low O2environments. In support of this hypothesis, analogous oscillations were observed in NO·-stressed cultures ofPseudomonas aeruginosaunder low O2conditions.
Morphogenesis of 3D vascular networks is regulated by tensile forces
Authors: Rosenfeld Dekel , Landau Shira , Shandalov Yulia , Raindel Noa , Freiman Alina , Shor Erez , Blinder Yaron , Vandenburgh Herman H. , Mooney David J. , Levenberg Shulamit 
Published: March 2016

Significance
Sorely lacking are techniques to engineer tissue grafts bearing a means to receive adequate blood supply during implantation and after integration with host tissue. Efforts to optimize graft tissue vascularization have manipulated multiple factors but have placed little focus on the role of mechanical forces in blood vessel network assembly. The present work assessed the impact of cell-induced and externally applied forces on the morphology of vessel networks within engineered tissue constructs. Network quality, directly correlated with force intensity and vessel orientation, was tunable by application of different patterns of force. Implantation of grafts bearing networks arranged to match those in the implant site is expected to improve graft integration prospects, as well as their long-term viability and strength.
Dynamic control of strand excision during human DNA mismatch repair
Authors: Jeon Yongmoon , Kim Daehyung , Martín-López Juana V. , Lee Ryanggeun , Oh Jungsic , Hanne Jeungphill , Fishel Richard , Lee Jong-Bong 
Published: March 2016

Significance
The ensemble interactions between the human mismatch repair (MMR) components during mismatch-dependent DNA excision repair remain poorly characterized. We have detailed these interactions in real time to reveal new dynamic collaborations between the four evolutionarily conserved components that ultimately result in a complete MMR event. Our observations demonstrate the stochastic nature of an essential genome maintenance system that ultimately results in robust repair events.