bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Melatonin and serotonin: Mediators in the symphony of plant morphogenesis
Authors: Erland Lauren A. E. , Shukla Mukund R. , Singh Amritpal S. , Murch Susan J. , Saxena Praveen K. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMelatonin and serotonin are important signaling and stress mitigating molecules that play important roles across growth and development in plants. Despite many well‐documented responses, a systematic investigation of the entire metabolic pathway (tryptophan, tryptamine, and N‐acetylserotonin) does not exist, leaving many open questions. The objective of this study was to determine the responses of Hypericum perforatum (L.) to melatonin, serotonin, and their metabolic precursors. Two well‐characterized germplasm lines (#4 and 112) created by mutation and a haploid breeding program were compared to wild type to identify specific responses. Germplasm line 4 has lower regenerative and photosynthetic capacity than either wild type or line 112, and there are documented significant differences in the chemistry and physiology of lines 4 and 112. Supplementation of the culture media with tryptophan, tryptamine, N‐acetylserotonin, serotonin, or melatonin partially reversed the regenerative recalcitrance and growth impairment of the germplasm lines. Quantification of phytohormones revealed crosstalk between the indoleamines and related phytohormones including cytokinin, salicylic acid, and abscisic acid. We hypothesize that melatonin and serotonin function in coordination with their metabolites in a cascade of phytochemical responses including multiple pathways and phytohormone networks to direct morphogenesis and protect photosynthesis in H. perforatum.
Influence of the addition of soy product and wheat fiber on rheological, textural, and other quality characteristics of pizza
Authors: Glicerina Virginia , Balestra Federica , Capozzi Francesco , Dalla Rosa Marco , Romani Santina 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe effect of partial replacement of wheat flour with soy paste and wheat fiber on rheological, textural, physicochemical, and organoleptic characteristics of an enriched pizza base (E) was investigated in comparison with those of a control pizza base (C). New ingredients (e.g., enriched cooked ham, whey cheese, and tomato sauce realized using food industry by‐products) were also used in E pizza topping to further increase its nutritional properties. Enriched dough was developed first at a laboratory level. Large and small deformation, moisture, leavening activity, and metabolic heat were tested. On the final product, produced at the industrial level, textural, color, sensory, and nutritional analyses were performed. Preliminary rheological analysis was essential to evaluate the suitability of the new pizza to be processed at industrial level. Both pizza dough samples showed a solid elastic‐like behavior; however, the addition of soy and fiber increased moisture content of E pizza, due to the water binding ability of soy protein and to the effect of fibers that also decreased E dough elasticity. No differences in extensibility between the two samples were observed, whereas significantly lower values of resistance to extension and dough force were shown in sample E. These differences were likely due to the presence of soy that interfere with gluten formation and to the dietary fibers that interact with water. Ingredients used in E pizza improved its nutritional quality increasing dietary fibers and protein, and decreasing saturated fatty acids and cholesterol content, which contributed to decrease energy value, in terms of kilocalorie reduction.Practical applicationsIn this work, the effects of using new ingredients (e.g., soy paste, wheat fiber) on the rheological, textural, physicochemical, nutritional, and organoleptic characteristics of an enriched pizza type were investigated both at laboratory and industrial levels. The new pizza provides a product that combines solid technological performances, in terms of rheological properties and dough elasticity, with improved and balanced nutritional quality, thanks also to the ingredients used in the topping. Results demonstrate the possibility of obtaining new pizza products characterized by nutritional and sensorial properties tailored for different group of consumers.
Dental paleopathology in fossil rhinoceroses: etiology and implications
Authors: Böhmer C. , Rössner G. E. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe identification and interpretation of paleopathological findings in the dentition of mammals have the potential to shed light on disturbed development and stress conditions. In combination with knowledge about the timing of dental development, dental pathologies can provide a unique opportunity to reconstruct specific phases in the life history of fossil taxa, as well as animal‐environment interactions. The dental ontogeny of the extinct rhinoceros Prosantorhinus germanicus from the Miocene is well‐known from an exceptionally preserved sample of juvenile dentaries. Two of the represented juvenile individuals each revealed a dental anomaly, which were analyzed macroscopically and via X‐ray tomography in this study. One specimen documents decreased dental wear of deciduous cheek teeth, mandibular bone resorption as well as abnormal cemental deposition. At an early age, the extinct juvenile rhinoceros probably was affected by a gingival infection resulting from an accumulation of bacterial plaque. This led to a chronic gingivitis and eventually may have caused periodontitis. Furthermore, it suffered from inflammation‐induced hypercementosis. Another specimen revealed an abnormal reduction in thickness of enamel in the deciduous cheek tooth. The enamel hypoplasia indicates stress experienced during the prenatal period. During a phase of environmental stress (e.g. increased fluoride exposure) or physiological stress (e.g. malnutrition) the function of the secretory ameloblasts was disrupted in the developing embryo. The present work shows that the analysis of dental paleopathologies is a useful means for retrospective assessment of specific phases in the life history of extinct animals. This adds to the picture of the living conditions of the extinct rhinoceros P. germanicus.
Audiovisual Binding for Speech Perception in Noise and in Aging
Authors: Ganesh Attigodu Chandrashekara , Berthommier Frédéric , Schwartz Jean‐Luc 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSpeech perception involves fusion of multiple sensory inputs, but fusion is not automatic, likely depending on several external and internal factors (e.g., attention, noise, age). In this study, we exploited a specific paradigm in which a short audiovisual context made of coherent or incoherent speech material is displayed before an incongruent audiovisual target likely to provide fusion (McGurk & MacDonald, 1976). We confirmed that incoherent context leads to unbinding, that is, a reduction in the amount of fusion. Importantly, adding acoustic noise in the context though not in the target increases fusion. This suggests that listeners systematically evaluate the reliability of their sensory channels and weight them accordingly in the fusion process. We also showed that older participants display more unbinding than younger participants. We discuss the potential consequences concerning people's ability to understand speech in adverse conditions and relate our findings to a “Binding‐and‐Fusion” model of audiovisual speech perception.
Failing with grace: kids, Improv and embodied literacies
Authors: Lenters Kimberly , Whitford Alec 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn this article, we explore the idea that comedy, with its often unorthodox ways of looking at, experiencing, and responding to the world, offers untold possibility for classroom literacy instruction. The article focuses on the potential of Improv comedy as socio‐materialist literacy in the classroom. It provides an account of Improv as a form of embodied literacy that operates as an assemblage created collectively between many people, practices, and material objects. We present findings from interviews with professional comedians regarding the possibilities of comedy for language and literacy instruction with elementary school children. The article then examines a moment from the subsequent classroom phase of the study to look at ways Improv can help students create stories and ways that laughter can be used to create a cohesive assemblage based around students' spontaneous creation of texts. The aim of the article is to provide educators with a practical means to apply socio‐materialist literacy in their classrooms through Improv, which will, in turn, allow students to create collectively generated texts and assemblages.
Defining and seeking to identify critical Internet literacy: a discourse analysis of fifth‐graders' Internet search and evaluation activity
Authors: Harrison Colin 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPedagogic focus is shifting increasingly from teaching students to search the Internet efficiently to encouraging critical Internet literacy, but this paper argues that these more complex and subtle skills are both challenging to teach and difficult to identify. The paper presents an analysis of the discourse of triads of fifth graders undertaking an Internet search task that emphasised decisions relating to the trustworthiness and relevance of websites. The analysis uses two lenses – the Vygotskian concept ofobuchenieand Mercer's notion of ‘inter‐thinking’ – to help identify discourse markers that could support teachers in identifying and teaching critical Internet literacy. More work is needed, but it is argued that if our goal is to develop critical Internet literacy, the concept of obuchenie helps us to understand the socio‐cognitive prerequisites of group learning in Internet searching tasks, while the concept of ‘interthinking’ offers us a distribution mechanism that can be applied in helping students acquire the skills of independent and critical analysis as they carry out those tasks.
Experimental shock metamorphism of terrestrial basalts: Agglutinate‐like particle formation, petrology, and magnetism
Authors: Badyukov Dmitrii D. , Bezaeva Natalia S. , Rochette Pierre , Gattacceca Jérôme , Feinberg Joshua M. , Kars Myriam , Egli Ramon , Raitala Jouko , Kuzina Dilyara M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractHypervelocity impacts occur on bodies throughout our solar system, and play an important role in altering the mineralogy, texture, and magnetic properties in target rocks at nanometer to planetary scales. Here we present the results of hypervelocity impact experiments conducted using a two‐stage light‐gas gun with 5 mm spherical copper projectiles accelerated toward basalt targets with ~6 km s−1 impact velocities. Four different types of magnetite‐ and titanomagnetite‐bearing basalts were used as targets for seven independent experiments. These laboratory impacts resulted in the formation of agglutinate‐like particles similar in texture to lunar agglutinates, which are an important fraction of lunar soil. Materials recovered from the impacts were examined using a suite of complementary techniques, including optical and scanning electron microscopy, micro‐Raman spectroscopy, and high‐ and low‐temperature magnetometry, to investigate the texture, chemistry, and magnetic properties of newly formed agglutinate‐like particles and were compared to unshocked basaltic parent materials. The use of Cu‐projectiles, rather than Fe‐ and Ni‐projectiles, avoids magnetic contamination in the final shock products and enables a clearer view of the magnetic properties of impact‐generated agglutinates. Agglutinate‐like particles show shock features, such as melting and planar deformation features, and demonstrate shock‐induced magnetic hardening (two‐ to seven‐fold increases in the coercivity of remanence Bcr compared to the initial target materials) and decreases in low‐field magnetic susceptibility and saturation magnetization.
New evidence for the recent divergence of Devil's Hole pupfish and the plausibility of elevated mutation rates in endangered taxa
Authors: Martin Christopher H. , Höhna Sebastian 
Published: November 2017

Sağlam et al. recently argued that the Devil's Hole pupfish (Cyprinodon diabolis), a conservation icon with the smallest known species range, was isolated 60 kya based on a new genomic data set. If true, this would be a radically long timescale for any species to persist at population sizes <500 individuals, in contrast to conservation genetics theory. However, here we argue that their analyses and interpretation are inappropriate. They placed highly restrictive prior distributions on divergence times, which do not appropriately model the large uncertainty and result in removing nearly all uncertainty from their analyses, and chose among models by assuming that pupfishes exhibit human mutation rates. We reanalysed their data with their same methods, only using an informative prior for the plausible range of mutation rates observed across vertebrates, including an estimate of the genomewide mutation rate from a pedigree analysis of cichlid fishes. In fact, Saglam et al.'s phylogenetic data support much younger median divergence times forC. diabolis, ranging from 6.2 to 19.9 kya, overlapping with our previous phylogenetic divergence time estimates of 2.5–6.5 kya. There are many reasons to suspect an even younger age and higher mutation rate inC. diabolis, as we previously estimated, due to their high metabolism, small adult size, small population size and severe environmental stressors. In conclusion, our results highlight the need for measuring mutation rate in this fascinating species and suggest that the ages of endangered taxa present in small, isolated populations may frequently be overestimated.
Theophylline as an adjunct to control malignant ventricular arrhythmia associated with early repolarization
Authors: Perrin Tilman , Guieu Regis , Koutbi Linda , Franceschi Frédéric , Hourdain Jérôme , Brignole Michele , Deharo Jean‐Claude 
Published: November 2017

AbstractEarly repolarization (ER) has been associated with an increased risk of sudden cardiac arrest. Interestingly, ventricular arrhythmias seem to be triggered by parasympathetic stimulation. In the present case report, we describe complete control of highly frequent malignant ventricular arrhythmias after adding theophylline to ineffective oral hydroquinidine and high‐rate pacing in a patient suffering from malignant ER. We hypothesize that the theophylline‐mediated enhanced beta‐adrenergic stimulation could reduce the transmural myocardial voltage discrepancy by increasing the inward ICa,L current.
The anatomy of the pediatric airway: Has our knowledge changed in 120 years? A review of historic and recent investigations of the anatomy of the pediatric larynx
Authors: Holzki Josef , Brown Karen A. , Carroll Robert G. , Coté Charles J. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryBackgroundThere is disagreement regarding the anatomy of the pediatric airway, particularly regarding the shape of the cricoid cartilage and the location of the narrowest portion of the larynx.AimsThe aim of this review is to clarify the origin and the science behind these differing views.MethodsWe undertook a review of published literature, University Libraries, and authoritative textbooks with key search words and phrases.ResultsIn vivo observations suggest that the narrowest portion of the airway is more proximal than the cricoid cartilage. However, in vitro studies of autopsy specimens measured with rods or calipers, confirm that the nondistensible and circular or near circular cricoid outlet is the narrowest level. These anatomic studies confirmed the classic “funnel” shape of the pediatric larynx. In vivo studies are potentially misleading as the aryepiglottic, vestibular, and true vocal folds are in constant motion with respiration. These studies also do not consider the effects of normal sleep, inhalation agents, and comorbidities such as adenoid or tonsil hypertrophy that cause some degree of pharyngeal collapse and alter the normal movement of the laryngeal tissues. Thus, the radiologic studies suggesting that the narrowest portion of the airway is not the cricoid cartilage may be the result of an artifact depending upon which phase of respiration was imaged.ConclusionIn vivo studies do not take into account the motion of the highly pliable laryngeal upper airway structures (aryepiglottic, vestibular, and vocal folds). Maximal abduction of these structures with tracheal tubes or bronchoscopes always demonstrates a larger opening of the glottis compared to the outlet of the cricoid ring. Injury to the larynx depends upon ease of tracheal tube or endoscope passage past the cricoid cartilage and not passage through the readily distensible more proximal structures. The infant larynx is funnel shaped with the narrowest portion the circular or near circular cricoid cartilage confirmed by multiple in vitro autopsy specimens carried out over the past century.
Clinical implications of de Barsy syndrome
Authors: Warner Lindsay L. , Olsen David A. , Smith Hugh M. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryBackgroundDe Barsy syndrome is a rare, autosomal recessive syndrome characterized by cutis laxa, progeroid appearance, ophthalmic opacification, skeletal malformations, growth delays, and intellectual disability.AimsThe aim of this case series is to identify the anesthetic considerations in the clinical management of patients with de Barsy syndrome.MethodsA retrospective case review from 1968 to 2016 was performed at a single tertiary medical center to identify patients with de Barsy syndrome who underwent anesthesia for diagnostic and surgical procedures. We collected and analyzed the perioperative records and following data: age, sex, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status, relevant comorbidities, surgical procedures, anesthesia management, and observed complications.ResultsThree patients underwent 64 unique anesthetics for a diverse collection of diagnostic and surgical procedures. An array of anesthetics and techniques were successfully used. Observations of the perioperative period found 7 episodes of intraoperative hyperthermia (>38.3°), a single difficult airway requiring fiberoptic bronchoscopic‐guided intubation, and repeatedly difficult intravenous access.ConclusionThis expanded case series suggests that providers caring for patients with de Barsy syndrome should be aware of potential challenges with airway management, vascular access, and temperature monitoring.
Pressure‐flow characteristics of breathing systems and their components for pediatric and adult patients
Authors: Wenzel Christin , Schumann Stefan , Spaeth Johannes 
Published: November 2017

SummaryBackgroundBreathing circuits connect the ventilator to the patients’ respiratory system. Breathing tubes, connectors, and sensors contribute to artificial airway resistance to a varying extent. We hypothesized that the flow‐dependent resistance is higher in pediatric breathing systems and their components compared to respective types for adults.AimsWe aimed to characterize the resistance of representative breathing systems and their components used in pediatric patients (including devices for adults) by their nonlinear pressure‐flow relationship.MethodsWe used a physical model to measure the flow‐dependent pressure gradient (∆P) across breathing tubes, breathing tube extensions, 90°‐ and Y‐connectors, flow‐ and carbon dioxide sensors, water traps and reusable, disposable and coaxial breathing systems for pediatric and for adult patients. ∆P was analyzed for usual flow ranges and statistically compared at a representative flow rate of 300 mL∙s−1 (∆P300).Results∆P across pediatric devices always exceeded ∆P across the corresponding devices for adult patients (all P < .001 [no 95% CI includes 0]). ∆P300 across breathing system components for adults was always below 0.2 cmH2O but reached up to 4.6 cmH2O in a flow sensor for pediatric patients. ∆P300 was considerably higher across the reusable compared to the disposable pediatric breathing systems (1.9 vs 0.3 cmH2O, P < .001, [95% CI −1.59 to −1.56]).ConclusionThe resistances of pediatric breathing systems and their components result in pressure gradients exceeding those for adults several fold. Considering the resistance of individual components is crucial for composing a breathing system matching the patient's needs. Compensation of the additional resistance should be considered if a large composed resistance is unavoidable.
Nitroglycerin: An unusual solution to intraoperative hypothermia in a 4‐year‐old burn patient
Authors: Goenaga Díaz Eduardo J. , Carter Jeffrey E. , Templeton T. Wesley 
Published: November 2017

SummaryWe describe the case of a 4‐year‐old child undergoing extensive burn surgery with refractory intraoperative hypothermia. A low‐dose nitroglycerin infusion was initiated to reverse vasoconstriction and improve heat absorption, after which the child's temperature steadily improved. In hypothermic burn patients, topical vasoconstrictors may hinder surface warming efforts. A vasodilator infusion may aid in warming the pediatric patient undergoing extensive excision and grafting.
Leaf cell membrane stability‐based mechanisms of zinc nutrition in mitigating salinity stress in rice
Authors: Tufail A. , Li H. , Naeem A. , Li T. X. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Excess salt affects about 955 million ha of arable land worldwide, and 49% of agricultural land is Zn‐deficient. Soil salinity and zinc deficiency can intensify plant abiotic stress. The mechanisms by which Zn can mitigate salinity effects on plant functions are not well understood.

We conducted an experiment to determine how Zn and salinity effects on rice plant retention of Zn, K+ and the salt ion Na+ affect chlorophyll formation, leaf cell membrane stability and grain yield. We examined the mechanisms of Zn nutrition in mitigating salinity stress by examining plant physiology and nutrition. We used native Zn‐deficient soils (control), four salinity (EC) and Zn treatments – Zn 10 mg·kg−1 (Zn10), EC 5 dS·m−1 (EC5), Zn10+EC5 and Zn15+EC5, a coarse rice (KS‐282) and a fine rice (Basmati‐515) in the study.

Our results showed that Zn alone (Zn10) significantly increased rice tolerance to salinity stress by promoting Zn/K+ retention, inhibiting plant Na+ uptake and enhancing leaf cell membrane stability and chlorophyll formation in both rice cultivars in native alkaline, Zn‐deficient soils (P < 0.05). Further, under the salinity treatment (EC5), Zn inputs (10–15 mg·kg−1) could also significantly promote rice plant Zn/K+ retention and reduce plant Na+ uptake, and thus increased leaf cell membrane stability and grain yield. Coarse rice was more salinity‐tolerant than fine rice, having significantly higher Zn/K+ nutrient retention.

The mechanistic basis of Zn nutrition in mitigating salinity impacts was through promoting plant Zn/K+ uptake and inhibiting plant Na+ uptake, which could result in increased plant physiological vigour, leaf cell membrane stability and rice productivity.