bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forage Accumulation and Nutritive Value of Reduced Lignin and Reference Alfalfa Cultivars
Authors: Grev Amanda M. , Wells M. Scott , Samac Deborah A. , Martinson Krishona L. , Sheaffer Craig C. 
Published: October 2017

Core Ideas
Reduced lignin and reference cultivars did not differ in forage accumulation.
Forage accumulation was greater with a fall harvest or a 40‐d cutting schedule.
Reduced lignin alfalfa averaged 8% less acid detergent lignin and 10% greater neutral detergent fiber digestibility.
Cutting treatments with shorter harvest intervals increased forage nutritive value.
Delaying reduced lignin alfalfa harvest increased forage mass and maintained quality.
Reduced lignin alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivars have the potential to increase the feeding value of alfalfa for livestock by improving forage fiber digestibility and to increase harvest management flexibility. The objectives were to compare the forage accumulation and nutritive value of reduced lignin and reference alfalfa cultivars when subject to diverse cutting treatments in the establishment and first production year. Research was established in 2015 at four locations in Minnesota. Reference alfalfa cultivars 54R02, DKA43–22RR, WL 355.RR, and the reduced lignin cultivar 54HVX41 were subject to cutting treatments with variable intervals between harvests. Cultivar by cutting treatment interactions were not significant (P > 0.05), but cultivar and cutting treatment effects were significant. Cultivars did not consistently differ in forage accumulation. Establishment year forage accumulation was greater when a fall harvest was taken, and first production year forage accumulation was generally greatest when alfalfa was harvested on a 40‐d cutting schedule. Compared to reference alfalfa cultivars, 54HVX41 had an average of 8% less acid detergent lignin (ADL) and 10% greater neutral detergent fiber digestibility (NDFD) but was similar in crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentrations. Cutting treatments with shorter harvest intervals increased forage CP and NDFD and decreased NDF and ADL concentrations. With a 5‐d harvest delay, 54HVX41 harvested on a 35‐d harvest interval had a 21% gain in forage mass and a 3% reduction in relative forage quality (RFQ) compared to reference cultivars harvested on a 30‐d harvest interval, which could allow for increased management flexibility.
On‐Farm Winter Wheat Response to Nitrogen‐, Phosphorus‐, Potassium‐, and Sulfur‐Rich Strips in Oklahoma
Authors: Abit M. Joy M. , Shepherd Lance M. , Marburger David A. , Arnall D. Brian 
Published: October 2017

Core Ideas
Thirty‐two percent of the locations had an increase in grain yield with increased nutrient inputs.
Wheat response to additional N was potentially due to underestimated yield potential or N losses attributable to ammonia losses, immobilization, leaching, or environmental conditions.
Response of wheat to additional P was likely a result of underapplication of P fertilizer, especially on low‐pH soils
Winter wheat grain yield response to K fertilization in the high soil test K environment was potentially due to enhanced vegetative growth of wheat during drought conditions.
Soil test SO4–S levels were adequate to produce grain yields above estimated yield goals.
Temporal and spatial variations both play a major role in nutrient requirements and availability. This study was conducted to highlight variability in nutrient requirements across landscapes, soil types, and environments, and to evaluate if Oklahoma producers’ current fertilization management schemes for nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and sulfur (S) are maximizing winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yields. Nutrient‐rich strips of N, P, K, and S and a farmer‐practice strip were established in 2011–2012 and 2012–2013 at 42 and 40 locations in Oklahoma, respectively. Urea (46–0–0), triple super phosphate (0–46–0), potash (0–0–60), and gypsum (19% S) were used as sources of N, P2O5, K2O, and S, respectively. The N‐, P‐, K‐, and S‐rich strips were applied with an additional 105 lb N/acre, 105 lb P2O5/acre, 119 lb K2O/acre, and 43 lb S/acre, respectively, on top of the farmer's fertility practice. Surface (0–6 inches) and subsurface (6–12 inches) soil samples were collected prior to nutrient applications. Of the 82 nutrient‐rich strip locations established, 59 were harvested. Winter wheat grain yield was increased with the addition of N at seven locations, P at nine locations, and K at eight locations. No yield response to additional S fertilizer was observed at any location. A total of 19 locations, 32%, responded to the addition of N, P, or K, demonstrating that there is opportunity for Oklahoma wheat producers to increase yield through improved nutrient management.
Modeling Subsurface Fate of S‐Metolachlor and Metolachlor Ethane Sulfonic Acid in the Westliches Leibnitzer Feld Aquifer
Authors: Kupfersberger Hans , Klammler Gernot , Schumann Andrea , Brückner Lisa , Kah Mélanie 
Published: October 2017

Core Ideas
Lysimeter experiments allow site‐specific knowledge about the fate of pesticides.
Lysimeter‐based model calibration provides integrated parameter sets.
Lysimeter scale‐based models were compiled to represent aquifer scale.
Lysimeter scale‐based models were coupled with a groundwater transport model.
The groundwater model reproduced observed metabolite groundwater concentrations.
Pesticides and their metabolites have been increasingly detected in groundwater bodies in southeastern Austria in recent years. The main objective of this study was to model the fate of the herbicide S‐metolachlor (2‐chloro‐N‐(2‐ethyl‐6‐methylphenyl)‐N‐[(1S)‐2‐methoxy‐1‐methylethyl]acetamide; SMET) and the main metabolite metolachlor ethane sulfonic acid (MESA) at the Westliches Leibnitzer Feld (WLF) aquifer. For this purpose, a modeling approach based on coupling the one‐dimensional vadose zone model PEARL and the two‐dimensional groundwater flow and solute transport model FEFLOW was developed. To calibrate the one‐dimensional pesticide fate model, we used leachate concentrations of SMET and MESA from lysimeter experiments. Additionally, samples of representative soil types in the WLF aquifer were analyzed to infer SMET‐ and MESA‐specific fate parameters (e.g., half‐life DT50, Freundlich sorption coefficient Kfoc), which were used for the PEARL model. The results show that using SMET fate parameters derived from the lysimeter data considerably improved the fit of the simulation results with the field observations compared with the application of standard laboratory‐derived fate parameters accounting for soil type differences. Although locally an overestimation of the monitoring data prevailed, the description of the subsurface fate of pesticides will improve the interpretation of concentration data and the design of mitigation measures.
Designing and optimizing of a novel sigma-delta modulator using PSO algorithm
Authors: Xu Chi , Jin Yu , Yu Duli 
Published: October 2017

The performance of the conventional Sigma-Delta modulator can be improved by cascading electrical integrator behind the mechanical sensing element. In this paper, a novel Sigma-Delta modulator with a fractional-order PIλDμ controller is proposed and thus extending the traditional Sigma-Delta modulator to a new fractional-order in the Sigma-Delta ADC design field. The fractional-order PIλDμ controller allows fine tuning accuracy in seeking the coefficients for the proposed Sigma-Delta modulator and provides the robust stability in the placement of poles and zeros for compensating the phase delays. The parameters of the proposed fractional-order Sigma-Delta modulator is designed by using swarm intelligent algorithm, which offers opportunity to simplify the process of tuning parameters and further improve the noise performance. Simulation from the proposed fractional-order Sigma-Delta modulator, results of SNR > 134 dB and the noise floor under –170 dB are obtained in frequency range of [5-150 Hz].
Research of piezoelectric acoustic liner
Authors: Liu Jibin , Lv Haifeng , Han Yannan , Zhao Jing 
Published: October 2017

The piezoelectric acoustic liner is a new type of acoustic liner that uses piezoelectric patches to replace the traditional mechanical structure. Its working principle is to change the resonator volume of acoustic liner by inverse piezoelectric effect. In this paper, the finite element method is used to analyze the deformation of piezoelectric patches and the acoustic performance of piezoelectric acoustic liner, when the piezoelectric patch deformation is 0.1 mm, the noise elimination frequency band offset of the acoustic liner is about 30 Hz, and related experiments are designed. The experimental results confirm that noise elimination frequency range of piezoelectric acoustic liner is 1100 Hz to 1300 Hz within the voltage range of 0 V to 200 V.
Dark Energy
Authors: Shrestha Chhabi Kumar 
Published: October 2017

This work is focused to investigate the evidence of existence of the dark energy, its composition, its effects, its nature and some theories to explain Dark Energy, estimation of distributed matter and energy in the universe. Dark energy is the most mysterious hypothetical form of energy that indicates the expansion of the universe. The Himalayan Physics Year 5, Vol. 5, Kartik 2071 (Nov 2014)Page: 126-130
Exotic Lifshitz transitions in topological materials
Authors: Volovik G E 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Topological Lifshitz transitions involve many types of topological structures in momentum and frequency–momentum spaces, such as Fermi surfaces, Dirac lines, Dirac and Weyl points, etc., each of which has its own stability-supporting topological invariant (N
1, N
2, N
3, , etc.). The topology of the shape of Fermi surfaces and Dirac lines and the interconnection of objects of different dimensionalities produce a variety of Lifshitz transition classes. Lifshitz transitions have important implications for many areas of physics. To give examples, transition-related singularities can increase the superconducting transition temperature; Lifshitz transitions are the possible origin of the small masses of elementary particles in our Universe, and a black hole horizon serves as the surface of the Lifshitz transition between vacua with type-I and type-II Weyl points.
Addressing the Data Linking Challenges
Authors: Plese Borna , Pristas Ivan , Ivankovic Damir , Valentic Maja 
Published: October 2017

SummaryBackground: PARENT JA (cross-border Patient Registries iNiTiative Joint Action), a joint EU and Member States project, has conducted a research among EU patient registries aimed at gathering information on the registries’ interoperability readiness. Leaning on the information and data collected through the previous PARENT JA research, this study aims to provide more detailed view into the registry holders’ practical challenges with data linking. Since the studies which dealt with patient data exchange have often neglected the registry holders’ performance of data exchange, we wanted to put a spotlight on various EU registry holders’ practices and operations, aiming to detect their needs and concerns in the process of running an interoperable registry. The focus of this study was identifying the main practices and challenges in patient registries interoperability improvement.Methods: The basis for this analysis were the data collected in the series of structured interviews. The size of the interview sample was 13 patient registries, each from a different EU country. The structured interview consisted of nine questions and was conducted in two parts: oral and written. The answers were analysed using open coding.Results: Results are interpreted in the context of the six main themes that emerged through a comprehensive analysis. (1) Examples of data exchange: The most common reported data exchange practices were seen only as a way to achieve the most immediate needs and interests of the individual registries. (2) Awareness and use of international standards: International data and clinical standards were not widely used by the interviewed registries. (3) Use of data models and formats: In the area of data models and formats there is no universally used practice. (4) Data request protocols and procedures: Procedures and protocols varied, mostly depending on the national legal systems in which the patient registries operated. (5) Data security and integrity: Security of personal data was a universal concern for all registry holders that were interviewed; identifiable individual data was shared only in one case. (6) Opportunities and challenges of registry interoperability: most registry holders responded that their registries were well prepared for interoperability practices and that data exchange has never been their primary operative concern.Conclusions: Most of the difficulties regarding data linking were not necessarily associated with technical issues, which registry holders listed outright. Our analysis showed that the lack of interoperability came as a result of organizational or legal constraints that made the registries unable to process and conduct data linking quickly and effectively with other sources.
Infrared Spectroscopy of HR 4796A's Bright Outer Cometary Ring + Tenuous Inner Hot Dust Cloud
Authors: Lisse C. M. , Sitko M. L. , Marengo M. , Vervack R. J. , Fernandez Y. R. , Mittal T. , Chen C. H. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
We have obtained new NASA/IRTF SpeX spectra of the HR 4796A debris ring system. We find a unique red excess flux that extends out to ∼9 μm in Spitzer IRS spectra, where thermal emission from cold, ∼100 K dust from the system’s ring at ∼75 au takes over. Matching imaging ring photometry, we find the excess consists of NIR reflectance from the ring, which is as red as that of old, processed comet nuclei, plus a tenuous thermal emission component from close-in, T ∼ 850 K circumstellar material evincing an organic/silicate emission feature complex at 7–13 μm. Unusual, emission-like features due to atomic Si, S, Ca, and Sr were found at 0.96–1.07 μm, likely sourced by rocky dust evaporating in the 850 K component. An empirical cometary dust phase function can reproduce the scattered light excess and 1:5 balance of scattered versus thermal energy for the ring with optical depth

in an 8 au wide belt of 4 au vertical height and M
dust > 0.1–0.7 M
Mars. Our results are consistent with HR 4796A, consisting of a narrow shepherded ring of devolatilized cometary material associated with multiple rocky planetesimal subcores and a small steady stream of dust inflowing from this belt to a rock sublimation zone at ∼1 au from the primary. These subcores were built from comets that have been actively emitting large, reddish dust for >0.4 Myr at ∼100 K, the temperature at which cometary activity onset is seen in our solar system.
Two Coexisting Families of Compact Stars: Observational Implications for Millisecond Pulsars
Authors: Bhattacharyya Sudip , Bombaci Ignazio , Logoteta Domenico , Thampan Arun V. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
It is usually thought that a single equation of state (EoS) model “correctly” represents cores of all compact stars. Here we emphasize that two families of compact stars, viz., neutron stars and strange stars, can coexist in nature, and that neutron stars can get converted to strange stars through the nucleation process of quark matter in the stellar center. From our fully general relativistic numerical computations of the structures of fast-spinning compact stars, known as millisecond pulsars, we find that such a stellar conversion causes a simultaneous spin-up and decrease in gravitational mass of these stars. This is a new type of millisecond pulsar evolution through a new mechanism, which gives rise to relatively lower mass compact stars with higher spin rates. This could have an implication for the observed mass and spin distributions of millisecond pulsars. Such a stellar conversion can also rescue some massive, spin-supported millisecond pulsars from collapsing into black holes. Besides, we extend the concept of critical mass

for the neutron star sequence to the case of fast-spinning neutron stars, and point out that neutron star EoS models cannot be ruled out by the stellar mass measurement alone. Finally, we emphasize the additional complexity for constraining EoS models, for example, by stellar radius measurements using X-ray observations, if two families of compact stars coexist.
The Influence of Host Galaxies in Type Ia Supernova Cosmology
Authors: Uddin Syed A. , Mould Jeremy , Lidman Chris , Ruhlmann-Kleider Vanina , Zhang Bonnie R. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
We use a sample of 1338 spectroscopically confirmed and photometrically classified Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) sourced from Carnegie Supernova Project, Center for Astrophysics Supernova Survey, Sloan Digital Sky Survey-II, and SuperNova Legacy Survey SN samples to examine the relationships between SNe Ia and the galaxies that host them. Our results provide confirmation with improved statistical significance that SNe Ia, after standardization, are on average more luminous in massive hosts (significance >5σ), and decline more rapidly in massive hosts (significance >9σ) and in hosts with low specific star formation rates (significance >8σ). We study the variation of these relationships with redshift and detect no evolution. We split SNe Ia into pairs of subsets that are based on the properties of the hosts and fit cosmological models to each subset. Including both systematic and statistical uncertainties, we do not find any significant shift in the best-fit cosmological parameters between the subsets. Among different SN Ia subsets, we find that SNe Ia in hosts with high specific star formation rates have the least intrinsic scatter (σ
int = 0.08 ± 0.01) in luminosity after standardization.
L’Union européenne, un espace social unifié ?
Authors: Brousse Cécile 
Published: October 2017

La plupart des théories de la stratification sociale ont pour cadre les espaces nationaux (Wright, Goldthorpe, Esping-Andersen, Bourdieu). Si certaines nomenclatures socio-économiques sont utilisées à des fins de comparaisons internationales (comme l’EGP par exemple), elles sont très rarement appliquées à l’espace européen pris dans son ensemble. En s’appuyant sur les données de l’enquête SILC et sur une version amendée de la nomenclature détaillée des PCS, cet article s’interroge sur la possibilité de transposer le « schéma » de classes de Bourdieu au plan européen. Il montre que si la répartition de la population en trois classes – dominante, intermédiaire et populaire – selon le volume de capital est une configuration que l’on retrouve dans tous les pays européens, la division de ces classes en fractions, selon la composition du capital, est plus marquée dans les pays de l’Ouest de l’Europe. En lien avec les régimes d’État-providence, les pays se différencient par les distances entre classes sociales, plus grandes dans les pays inégalitaires du Sud de l’Europe et plus réduites dans les pays nordiques. Mais les écarts de niveau de revenu et de scolarité sont tels entre les différentes régions européennes que le pays de résidence est au moins aussi structurant de la position sociale au niveau européen que la profession. Autrement dit, à l’échelle de chaque pays, la classe définie par la profession reste un assez bon prédicteur de la position sociale. Il paraît cependant difficile de parler d’un espace social européen unifié.
Secondary English Teacher Education in the United States
Authors: Pasternak Donna L. , Caughlan Samantha , Hallman Heidi L. , Renzi Laura , Rush Leslie S. 
Published: October 2017

Identifying key areas of teacher education that cross countries and disciplines, this book provides the first extensive research-based insight into how secondary English teachers are prepared at institutions of higher education in the United States of America (US) since the last major study in 1995. In the two decades since then, English teacher education programs have developed in contextually dependent ways that often have been driven by institutional, economic, social, and political considerations
The authors provide an overview of their nationwide study of English teacher educators, which was conducted over a four-year period. They analyze the context under which teacher educators currently prepare pre-service English teachers in the US and support teacher educators in other countries to make comparisons to their own unique historical and cultural settings
The authors also offer a comprehensive evaluation of the content, practices, and skills being taught to future teachers of English in university-based teacher preparation programs in the US. The book draws on evidence from a nationwide questionnaire, case studies of teacher educators in their respective programs, course syllabi, and focus group interviews to focus on areas of instruction that resonate with teacher educators in countries where English is the dominant language of communication. These areas include:
- field experiences
- standards and assessment
- teaching literacy to integrate reading and writing
- working with English language learners to address cultural and linguistic diversity
- new technologies in English education