bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LATTICE-ORDERED ABELIAN GROUPS AND PERFECT MV-ALGEBRAS: A TOPOS-THEORETIC PERSPECTIVE
Authors: CARAMELLO OLIVIA , RUSSO ANNA CARLA 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe establish, generalizing Di Nola and Lettieri’s categorical equivalence, a Morita-equivalence between the theory of lattice-ordered abelian groups and that of perfect MV-algebras. Further, after observing that the two theories are not bi-interpretable in the classical sense, we identify, by considering appropriate topos-theoretic invariants on their common classifying topos, three levels of bi-interpretability holding for particular classes of formulas: irreducible formulas, geometric sentences, and imaginaries. Lastly, by investigating the classifying topos of the theory of perfect MV-algebras, we obtain various results on its syntax and semantics also in relation to the cartesian theory of the variety generated by Chang’s MV-algebra, including a concrete representation for the finitely presentable models of the latter theory as finite products of finitely presentable perfect MV-algebras. Among the results established on the way, we mention a Morita-equivalence between the theory of lattice-ordered abelian groups and that of cancellative lattice-ordered abelian monoids with bottom element.
An Investigation of Lifting Effects on the Intensity of Sonic Booms
Authors: Morris John 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThis paper is a brief summary of an investigation made to check the effect of lift on the shock noise of aircraft flying at supersonic speeds. The method of Hayes has been combined with the theory of Whitham to predict the asymptotic shock strength of wings carrying lift and of combinations of bodies and lifting wings. (A similar, but not quite as general, method was derived by Walkden in Ref. 6.) Whitham's formula, including only the volume term, has been used extensively to predict the boom intensity of aeroplane type bodies and the agreement with experiment has, so far, been quite reasonable. The test data obtained to date extends only up to about 40,000 ft. altitude and the calculations of this paper show that under those conditions the shock noise of the aircraft tested so far will, in most cases, be dominated by the volume term. It is shown that at higher altitudes lifting effects will dominate for even the small fighter and they will dominate over most of the altitude range for large bomber and supersonic transport aircraft. The boom intensity due to lift decreases with altitude as h–¾ which compares to pa½ h–¾ in the volume case (pa = pressure at altitude h). It is insensitive to Mach number (for M > 1·4), wing loading, wing plan shape and lift distribution. A simple rule for calculating the shock noise due to combined volume and lifting effects is proposed which is applicable to configurations with wings located towards the rear of the fuselage. The rule states that the shock noise of an aircraft carrying lift is equal to the shock noise due to volume (neglecting lift) or the shock noise due to lift (neglecting volume), whichever is the greater. A chart is presented from which rapid estimates can be made of the shock noise of lifting wing-body combinations.
Inflammability and Electrical Studies of Foams Which may Occur at Altitude by De-Aeration of Aviation Turbine Fuels
Authors: Poulston B. V. , Thomas A. 
Published: July 2016

Air dissolves in aircraft fuels to an extent directly proportional to the ambient pressure, so that when fuel which has been stored at sea-level atmospheric pressure is taken up to a high altitude, there is a tendency for air to come out of solution. In certain circumstances, which are later described in detail, air bubbles can be liberated very violently from fuels in aircraft tanks at high altitude and a thick foam can form on the surface for a short time.The production of fuel foams by degassing has posed a certain problem; foams, being intimate mixtures of air and fuel, may well be inflammable; furthermore, the rising of air bubbles through fuel can result in the accumulation of electrical charge in the foam giving rise to the possibility of a source of ignition.
Reproducibility and validity of a semi-quantitative FFQ for trace elements
Authors: Lee Yujin , Park Kyong 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe aim of this study was to test the reproducibility and validity of a self-administered FFQ for the Trace Element Study of Korean Adults in the Yeungnam area (SELEN). Study subjects were recruited from the SELEN cohort selected from rural and urban areas in Yeungnam, Korea. A semi-quantitative FFQ with 146 items was developed considering the dietary characteristics of cohorts in the study area. In a validation study, seventeen men and forty-eight women aged 38–62 years completed 3-d dietary records (DR) and two FFQ over a 3-month period. The validity was examined with the FFQ and DR, and the reproducibility was estimated using partial correlation coefficients, the Bland–Altman method and cross-classification. There were no significant differences between the mean intakes of selected nutrients as estimated from FFQ1, FFQ2 and DR. The median correlation coefficients for all nutrients were 0·47 and 0·56 in the reproducibility and validity tests, respectively. Bland–Altman’s index and cross-classification showed acceptable agreement between FFQ1 and FFQ2 and between FFQ2 and DR. Ultimately, 78 % of the subjects were classified into the same and adjacent quartiles for most nutrients. In addition, the weighted κ value indicated that the two methods agreed fairly. In conclusion, this newly developed FFQ was a suitable dietary assessment method for the SELEN cohort study.
Oviposition site selection and survival of susceptible and resistant larvae ofHelicoverpa armigera(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Bt and non-Bt cotton
Authors: Luong T.T.A. , Downes S.J. , Cribb B. , Perkins L.E. , Zalucki M.P. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn Australia Bt cotton has been planted since 1996, and has greatly improved the control of its key targetHelicoverpa armigera(Hübner). There is no strong evidence that genetically modified cotton has been selected for significant physiological resistance to Bt toxin in field populations. There are many possible explanations for the lack of apparent selection that range from high compliance with the resistance management strategy for this technology to a lack of behavioral preference in key traits such as oviposition that could favor survival. To date most experiments that test oviposition ofH. armigeraon Bt cotton vs. conventional cotton have been done with susceptible moths. We determine the oviposition preference of a field isolated Bt resistant line ofH. armigeraand a susceptible counterpart when given a choice of non-Bt cotton and Bt-cotton with the same genetic background, and test whether there is any relationship between oviposition site selection (different plant structures) and the survival of the first instar larvae. Within cotton plants, our experiments consistently showed that both resistant and susceptible moths did not choose plants or plant parts that were less toxic in terms of Bt toxin on which to lay eggs. There was one exception in that susceptible moths were more likely to lay eggs on squares of Bt cotton plants than squares of non-Bt cotton. As expected, the mortality of susceptibleH. armigeraneonates was significantly higher on structures of Bt cotton plants than on those structures of conventional cotton, and survival was greater on flowers than on other structures of Bt cotton. This confirms opportunities for selection for resistance, and demonstrates no advantage in this respect to carrying resistance genes that might overcome the Bt toxins.
The molecularization of identity: science and subjectivity in the 21st century
Authors: McGONIGLE IAN VINCENT , BENJAMIN RUHA 
Published: July 2016

SummaryRecent advances in biological and computational technologies are changing the way different social groups imagine race, gender, kinship, citizenship and disease risk. Existing taxonomies are being displaced or reconfigured, impacting the ways in which people are governed, how lives are lived, how groups are known and how power is exercised. Herein we report on a two-day international symposium that we co-organized, titled ‘The molecularization of identity: science and subjectivity in the 21st century,’ that was held on 29–30 April 2016 at the Program on Science, Technology and Society, at Harvard University. The symposium drew upon the tools and expertise from multiple disciplines and diverse geographical regions and consisted of 24 original research presentations and an interdisciplinary roundtable. Specific attention was paid to the bioethical, material and lived dimensions of recent developments in molecular technologies, and discussions interrogated the complex ways in which the ‘molecular realm’ is an emerging site for constituting human identities in the 21st century. Herein we summarize some of the key findings of the conference and raise three further issues for practitioners and researchers to consider in relation to the broader impact of genetics research. Namely: transnational governance of emerging biotechnologies; representation of different interest groups in policy decisions; and rights of access to emerging technologies.
Screening for arteriovenous malformations in hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia
Authors: Jervis S , Skinner D 
Published: July 2016

AbstractObjective:To determine whether patients with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia were being screened according to international guidelines, and to review recent evidence in order to provide up-to-date guidelines for the initial systemic management of hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia.Methods:A retrospective case note analysis was conducted, assessing patients in terms of screening for: genetics, cerebral arteriovenous malformations, pulmonary and hepatic arteriovenous malformations, and gastrointestinal telangiectasia. Databases searched included Medline, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Embase.Results:Screening investigations were most frequently performed for hepatic arteriovenous malformations and least frequently for genetics. Recent data suggest avoiding routine genetic and cerebral arteriovenous malformation screening because of treatment morbidities; performing high-resolution chest computed tomography for pulmonary arteriovenous malformation screening; using capsule endoscopy (if possible) to reduce complications from upper gastrointestinal endoscopy; and omitting routine liver enzyme testing in favour of Doppler ultrasound.Conclusion:Opportunities for systemic arteriovenous malformation screening are frequently overlooked. This review highlights the need for screening and considers the form in which it should be undertaken.
Selective prevention of combat-related post-traumatic stress disorder using attention bias modification training: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wald I. , Fruchter E. , Ginat K. , Stolin E. , Dagan D. , Bliese P. D. , Quartana P. J. , Sipos M. L. , Pine D. S. , Bar-Haim Y. 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundEfficacy of pre-trauma prevention for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has not yet been established in a randomized controlled trial. Attention bias modification training (ABMT), a computerized intervention, is thought to mitigate stress-related symptoms by targeting disruptions in threat monitoring. We examined the efficacy of ABMT delivered before combat in mitigating risk for PTSD following combat.MethodWe conducted a double-blind, four-arm randomized controlled trial of 719 infantry soldiers to compare the efficacy of eight sessions of ABMT (n = 179), four sessions of ABMT (n = 184), four sessions of attention control training (ACT; n = 180), or no-training control (n = 176). Outcome symptoms were measured at baseline, 6-month follow-up, 10 days following combat exposure, and 4 months following combat. Primary outcome was PTSD prevalence 4 months post-combat determined in a clinical interview using the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale. Secondary outcomes were self-reported PTSD and depression symptoms, collected at all four assessments.ResultsPTSD prevalence 4 months post-combat was 7.8% in the no-training control group, 6.7% with eight-session ABMT, 2.6% with four-session ABMT, and 5% with ACT. Four sessions of ABMT reduced risk for PTSD relative to the no-training condition (odds ratio 3.13, 95% confidence interval 1.01–9.22, p < 0.05, number needed to treat = 19.2). No other between-group differences were found. The results were consistent across a variety of analytic techniques and data imputation approaches.ConclusionsFour sessions of ABMT, delivered prior to combat deployment, mitigated PTSD risk following combat exposure. Given its low cost and high scalability potential, and observed number needed to treat, research into larger-scale applications is warranted. The ClinicalTrials.gov identifier is NCT01723215.
Risk and functional significance of psychotic experiences among individuals with depression in 44 low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Koyanagi A. , Oh H. , Stickley A. , Haro J. M. , DeVylder J. 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundStudies on whether the co-occurrence of psychotic experiences (PEs) and depression confers a more pronounced decrement in health status and function compared with depression alone are scarce in the general adult population.MethodData on 195 479 adults aged ⩾18 years from the World Health Survey were analysed. Using the World Mental Health Survey version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), depression in the past 12 months was categorized into four groups: depressive episode, brief depressive episode, subsyndromal depression, and no depression. Past 12-month psychotic symptoms were assessed using four questions on positive symptoms from the CIDI. Health status across seven domains (cognition, interpersonal activities, sleep/energy, self-care, mobility, pain/discomfort, vision) and interviewer-rated presence of a mental health problem were assessed. Multivariable logistic and linear regression analyses were performed to assess the associations.ResultsWhen compared with those with no depression, individuals with depression had higher odds of reporting at least one PE, and this was seen across all levels of depression severity: subsyndromal depression [odds ratio (OR) 2.38, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.02–2.81], brief depressive episode (OR 3.84, 95% CI 3.31–4.46) and depressive episode (OR 3.75, 95% CI 3.24–4.33). Having coexisting PEs and depression was associated with a higher risk for observable illness behavior and a significant decline in health status in the cognition, interpersonal activities and sleep/energy domains, compared with those with depression alone.ConclusionsThis coexistence of depression and PEs is associated with more severe social, cognitive and sleep disturbances, and more outwardly apparent illness behavior. Detecting this co-occurrence may be important for treatment planning.
Institutional Individualisation? The Family in European Social Security Institutions
Authors: FRERICKS PATRICIA , HÖPPNER JULIA , OCH RALF 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWelfare institutions have long been set up in most European countries in ways oriented towards the family as the one basic principle. Reforms in recent times however have fundamentally changed the conception of the social citizen. Yet social rights are still mainly conceptualised in the literature in terms of employee rights, and family elements are often interpreted as a kind of vestige of the traditional welfare-state policies of industrial societies.In this paper we develop a formula for making the weight of the family in social security visible and comparing it through the evaluation of cross-country levels of institutional individualisation. We deliver original theoretical, conceptual and empirical insights into the welfare-institutional order with the aim of furthering the understanding of the current social constitution of European societies. The findings show that there is considerable variation in the degree to which welfare institutions treat the social citizen as an individual and that the results do not correspond to common welfare categorisations.
Distributed adaptive control strategy for flexible link manipulators
Authors: Raouf Fareh , Mohamad Saad , Maarouf Saad , Maamar Bettayeb 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYThis paper presents an adaptive distributed control strategy for n-serial-flexible-link manipulators. The proposed adaptive controller is used for flexible-link-manipulators: (1) to solve the tracking control problem in the joint space, and (2) to reduce vibrations of the links. The dynamical model of flexible link manipulators is reorganized to take the form of n interconnected subsystems. Each subsystem has a one-joint and one-link pair. The system parameters are deemed to be unknown. The adaptive distributed strategy controls one subsystem in each step, starting from the last one. The nth subsystem is controlled by assuming that the remaining subsystems are stable. Then, proceeding backward to the (n-1)th system, the same strategy is applied, and so on, until the first subsystem is reached. The gradient-based estimator is used to estimate the parameters of each subsystem. The control law of the ith subsystem uses its own estimated parameters and the estimated parameters of all upper level subsystems. The global stability of the error dynamics is proved using Lyapunov approach. This algorithm was implemented in real time on a two-flexible-link manipulator, and a comparison with the non-adaptive version shows the effectiveness of this approach.
Note on the Temperature Transients in a Supersonic “Blow-Down” Wind Tunnel
Authors: Leavy L. E. 
Published: July 2016

In recent years, due to the high cost of continuous supersonic wind tunnels, much attention has been focused on the simpler intermittent “blow-down” tunnel.Considerable data has been published on most aspects of the design of this type of equipment and quite a number of large installations have recently been brought into operation in the United States, with even larger numbers currently building both in this country and in the United States.
On the Evaluation of Certain Finite Sums of Progressive Products
Authors: Collar A. R. 
Published: July 2016

This note is concerned with the evaluation of the finite sumwhere the m quantities Zi are arbitrary and whereis the binomial coefficient in a series of n terms. Summations of this kind appear in the evaluation of matrix products involving the reciprocal of order n of a segment of a Hilbert matrix or of a generalised Hilbert matrix. Such products are found, for example, in the representation of a lifting aerodynamical surface by a set of horseshoe vortices.Let the m factors (r+Zi) be multiplied out, and let Pl be the sum ∑Zi, P2 the sum of the products taken in pairs, and so on; then
The Third Agricultural Aviation Research Conference
Authors: Southwell P. H. 
Published: July 2016

The first of these conferences was held in 1953, the second in 1954 and the third in November 1958 at Milwaukee. This third conference was sponsored by the Agricultural Research Service of the United States Department of Agriculture and, to promote worthwhile discussions, attendance was by invitation only.Twenty papers were presented on four main themes, economics, progress as regards agricultural applications, progress as regards forest applications and, finally, a review of present and proposed research.
The Griffon Aircraft and the Future of the Turbo-Ram-Jet Combination in the Propulsion
of Supersonic Aeroplanes
Authors: Daum Noël 
Published: July 2016

The Twelfth Louis Blériot Lecture, “The Griffon Aircraft and the Future of the Turbo-Ram-Jet Combination in the Propulsion of Supersonic Aeroplanes” was given by General Noël Daum, Technical Director, Nord Aviation, on 12th March 1959 at the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Birdcage Walk, London, S.W.I. Sir Arnold Hall, M.A., F.R.S., F.R.Ae.S., President of the Society, presided.Before introducing the Lecturer, Sir Arnold presented the Society ̓s Gold Medal, the highest award the Society can confer, which the Council had awarded to Monsieur Marcel Dassault and which they felt it would be particularly appropriate to present on this occasion—their annual joint meeting with the Association Francaise des Ingenieurs et Techniciens de l ̓Aéronautique (A.F.I.T.A.)
Wakes in Axial Compressors
Authors: Pearson H. , McKenzie A. B. 
Published: July 2016

The tendency in the past has been to assume that when wakes or non-uniform total head profiles are fed into an axial compressor then substantially constant static pressure prevails at the entry, the variations in total head appearing as variations in velocity. This variation in velocity causes variation in incidence on the early stage blade rows and thus can give rise to excitation of blade vibration. This assumption is implicit, for instance, in References 1 and 2, but we think has been a common assumption by most of the people working in this field.Where the compressor is fed by a duct of substantially parallel walls for a reasonable length ahead, such an assumption appeared justifiable. Such a duct when given an air flow test with its outlet discharging, for instance, to atmosphere instead of to the compressor, then the distribution assumed would normally be obtained and in fact many surveys of such ducts have been represented in this fashion. The object of this note is to show that, in fact, this distribution will not normally occur when the compressor is present and we may normally expect much more nearly a constant velocity into the compressor with attendant static pressure distributions to match with the total head variations ahead of the intake, with of course, the attendant curved flow to support the static pressure gradients.