bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exercise Facilitates Smoking Cessation Indirectly via Intention to Quit Smoking: Prospective Cohort Study Among a National Sample of Young Smokers
Authors: Frith Emily , Loprinzi Paul D. 
Published: June 2017

Introduction: We evaluated the specific association between exercise and smoking cessation via smoking-mediated intentions to quit smoking among a national sample of young daily smokers in the United States. Design: Prospective cohort study over a 2-year period, with daily smokers assessed across all 50 states in the United States. Setting: Data from the 2003 to 2005 National Youth Smoking Cessation Survey were used. Participants: A total of 1175 young adult smokers aged between 18 and 24 years. Measures: Baseline exercise and intent to quit smoking were assessed via validated survey measures. Smoking status at the 2-year follow-up period was assessed via survey assessment. Results: After adjustments, meeting exercise guidelines at baseline was associated with an increased baseline intent to quit smoking among this national sample of daily smokers (OR = 1.49; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07-2.07; P = .01). After adjustments, those with a baseline intent to quit smoking had a 71% increased odds ratio (OR) of being a nonsmoker at the 2-year follow-up (OR = 1.71; 95% CI: 1.20-2.44; P = .003). Baseline exercise was not associated with 2-year follow-up smoking status (OR = 0.87; 95% CI: 0.60-1.28; P = .50). Conclusion: In this nationally representative sample of young daily smokers, there was a positive association between exercise participation and intention to quit smoking. Baseline intent to quit smoking was independently associated with nonsmoking status at a 2-year follow-up. Thus, this indirect link between exercise and smoking status may be partially explained by the influence of exercise engagement on smoking-specific intentions.
Brain activity, regional gray matter loss, and decision-making in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Weygandt Martin , Wakonig Katharina , Behrens Janina , Meyer-Arndt Lil , Söder Eveline , Brandt Alexander U , Bellmann-Strobl Judith , Ruprecht Klemens , Gold Stefan M , Haynes John-Dylan , Paul Friedemann 
Published: June 2017

Background: Decision-making (DM) abilities deteriorate with multiple sclerosis (MS) disease progression which impairs everyday life and is thus clinically important. Objective: To investigate the underlying neurocognitive processes and their relation to regional gray matter (GM) loss induced by MS. Methods: We used a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) Iowa Gambling Task to measure DM-related brain activity in 36 MS patients and 21 healthy controls (HC). From this activity, we determined neural parameters of two cognitive stages, a deliberation (“choice”) period preceding a choice and a post-choice (“feedback”) stage reporting decision outcomes. These measures were related to DM separately in intact and damaged GM areas as determined by a voxel-based morphometry analysis. Results: Severely affected patients (with high lesion burden) showed worse DM-learning than HC ( t = −1.75, p = 0.045), moderately affected (low lesion burden) did not. Activity in the choice stage in intact insular ( t = 4.60, pFamily-Wise Error [FWE] corrected = 0.034), anterior cingulate ( t = 4.50, pFWE = 0.044), and dorsolateral prefrontal areas ( t = 4.43, pFWE = 0.049) and in insular areas with GM loss ( t = 3.78, pFWE = 0.011) was positively linked to DM performance across patients with severe tissue damage and HC. Furthermore, activity in intact orbitofrontal areas was positively linked to DM-learning during the feedback stage across these participants ( t = 4.49, pFWE = 0.032). During none of the stages, moderately affected patients showed higher activity than HC, which might have indicated preserved DM due to compensatory activity. Conclusion: We identified dysregulated activity linked to impairment in specific cognitive stages of reward-related DM. The link of brain activity and impaired DM in areas with MS-induced GM loss suggests that this deficit might be tightly coupled to MS neuropathology.
Abnormal functional connectivity of thalamic sub-regions contributes to fatigue in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Hidalgo de la Cruz Milagros , d’Ambrosio Alessandro , Valsasina Paola , Pagani Elisabetta , Colombo Bruno , Rodegher Mariaemma , Falini Andrea , Comi Giancarlo , Filippi Massimo , Rocca Maria Assunta 
Published: June 2017

Objective: To investigate sub-regional thalamic resting-state (RS) functional connectivity (FC) abnormalities in multiple sclerosis (MS) and their correlation with fatigue and its subcomponents (physical, cognitive, and psychosocial). Methods: From 122 MS patients and 94 healthy controls, 5 thalamic sub-regions (frontal, motor, postcentral, occipital, temporal) were parcellated based on their cortico-thalamic structural connectivity and used for a seed-based RS FC analysis. Abnormalities of thalamic RS FC in MS patients and their correlation with Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS) were assessed. Results: Compared to controls and non-fatigued MS ( n = 86), fatigued MS patients ( n = 36) showed thalamic RS FC abnormalities with middle frontal gyrus, sensorimotor network, precuneus, insula, and cerebellum, which correlated with global MFIS. Higher thalamic RS FC with precuneus and lower RS FC with posterior cerebellum correlated with cognitive MFIS. Higher thalamic RS FC with sensorimotor network in frontal-, motor-, and temporal thalamic sub-regions correlated with physical and psychosocial MFIS. Reduced thalamic RS FC with right insula in motor-, postcentral-, and occipital thalamic sub-regions correlated with psychosocial fatigue. Conclusion: Regional thalamic RS FC abnormalities with different cortical regions, including the frontal lobe, sensorimotor network, precuneus, insular cortices, and cerebellum contribute to fatigue in MS. Abnormal RS FC of selected thalamo-cortical connections explains different components of fatigue.
Prospective study of surgical fixation of radial head fractures using cannulated headless compression screws for simple and complex radial head fractures
Authors: Wu Pang Hung , Dixit Anushri , Kiat Tan David Meng , Shen Liang , Chee Yu Han 
Published: June 2017

Introduction: Fixing the two-part Mason II radial head fracture using screws is becoming a popular practice. However, the screw fixation efficacy for three-part Mason III and IV fractures is controversial. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of using a uniform technique of headless compression screw fixation in simple, isolated Mason II and complex three-part Mason III and IV radial head fractures in terms of functional outcome, treatment efficiency and assessment of complications with the procedure. Methods: A prospective evaluation were performed on 31 adult patients with closed, non-pathological Mason II, III and IV radial head fractures sustained due to trauma and who underwent fixation using either two or three cannulated headless compression screws of 2.0 to 2.5 mm, and all patients were followed up for 2 years after the injury. They were divided into simple Mason II fracture group and complex three-part Mason III–IV fracture group. Operation time, time to discharge and radiological union were used as parameters for assessment of clinical outcome, while Mayo Elbow Performance Score, range of motion and complications were used to assess the functional outcomes. Results: Twelve cases of two-part simple fracture group and 18 cases of complex fracture group were identified. The mean age of 39 years is comparable between the two groups. Both groups had comparable days to union, mean hospital stay and operation time. In the simple fracture group, the mean Mayo Elbow Score was 97 (80–100), which is better than the complex fracture group score of 89 (75–100), p = 0.035. Both groups had no statistical difference in complication rates. All fractures united in our series. The mean range of motion for the simple fracture group was significant, with 133° ± 17.0° for flexion–extension arc, 85° ± 5° in pronation and supination as compared to the complex fracture group with 120° ± 20° flexion–extension arc, 69° ± 10° in pronation and 70° ± 8° in supination, p = 0.068. Conclusion: Overall clinical and functional outcomes of this technique are satisfactory in both simple and complex fracture groups, with simple Mason II fracture group doing better than the complex three-part Mason III and IV fractures in terms of Mayo Elbow Score and range of motion. Screw fixation has the advantage of less periosteal stripping and less impingement compared to other fixation methods and also allows for flexible fixation in constrained areas. Headless compression screw fixation can be considered as a method of fracture fixation for both simple and complex three-part radial head fractures.
How Are We Doing?—The Experience of the Merton Home Treatment Team in Gathering Real-Time Feedback and the Impact Upon Service Provision
Authors: Rutherford Michael D , Akram A 
Published: June 2017

Aims and Method: To discuss the methods involved in gathering real-time feedback (RTF) by a London Home Treatment Team. We hypothesized that RTF would lead to changes in service provision and improvements in patient and carer feedback. Patients were invited to provide RTF on discharge. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected and analyzed centrally by the Trust before being disseminated to the team and changes made based upon the results. Quantitative feedback on the team’s performance in the first 6 months of RTF use was compared against data from the 6 months prior to March 2015 using 2-tailed Z tests. Results: There were significant improvements in feedback around the team visiting at the agreed times ( P = .0069) and patients feeling that they had been involved in treatment decisions ( P = .0371). Clinical Implications: Real-time feedback is a potentially valuable method for obtaining patient feedback and can result in service improvements if used appropriately.
Other cancers in lung cancer families are overwhelmingly smoking-related cancers
Authors: Yu Hongyao , Frank Christoph , Hemminki Akseli , Sundquist Kristina , Hemminki Kari 
Published: June 2017

Familial risks of lung cancer are well-established, but whether lung cancer clusters with other discordant cancers is less certain, particularly beyond smoking-related sites, which may provide evidence on genetic contributions to lung cancer aetiology.We used a novel approach to search for familial associations in the Swedish Family-Cancer Database. This involved assessment of familial relative risk for cancer X in families with increasing numbers of lung cancer patients and, conversely, relative risks for lung cancer in families with increasing numbers of patients with cancers X. However, we lacked information on smoking.The total number of lung cancers in the database was 125 563. We applied stringent statistical criteria and found that seven discordant cancers were associated with lung cancer among family members, and six of these were known to be connected with smoking: oesophageal, upper aerodigestive tract, liver, cervical, kidney and urinary bladder cancers. A further novel finding was that cancer of unknown primary also associated with lung cancer. We also factored in histological evidence and found that anal and connective tissue cancers could be associated with lung cancer for reasons other than smoking. For endometrial and prostate cancers, suggestive negative associations with lung cancer were found.Although we lacked information on smoking it is prudent to conclude that practically all observed discordant associations of lung cancer were with cancers for which smoking is a risk factor.
The choice between surgical scrubbing and sterile covering before or after induction of anaesthesia: A prospective study
Authors: Sellbrandt Irene , Brattwall Metha , Jildenstål Pether , Warrén Stomberg Margareta , Jakobsson Jan G. 
Published: June 2017

Background: Day surgery is increasing, and safe and effective logistics are sought. One part of the in-theatre logistics commonly discussed is whether surgical scrub and sterile covering should be done before or after induction of anaesthesia. The aim of the present study was to compare the impact of surgical scrub and sterile covering before vs. after the induction of anaesthesia in male patients scheduled for open hernia repair. Methods: This is a prospective randomised study. Sixty ASA 1-3 patients scheduled for open hernia repair were randomised to surgical scrub and sterile covering before or after induction of anaesthesia; group “awake” and group “anaesthetised”, respectively. Patients and theatre nurses were asked about their experiences and willingness to have the same logistics on further potential surgeries, through a survey provided before post-surgery. Duration of anaesthesia, surgery, theatre time, recovery room stay and time to discharge was studied. Results: There was no difference in the patients’ assessment of quality of care, and only one patient in the awake group would prefer to be anaesthetised on a future procedure. All nurses found pre-anaesthesia scrubbing acceptable as routine. The duration of anaesthesia was shorter and doses of propofol and remifentanil were reduced by 10 and 13%, respectively, in the awake group. Time in recovery area was significantly reduced in the awake group (p<0.05), but time to discharge was not different. Conclusion: Surgical scrub and sterile covering before the induction of anaesthesia can be done safely and without jeopardising patients’ quality of care.
ECONOMIC RISK MANAGEMENT IN THE FIELD OF TRANSPORT SERVICES
Authors: Барчуков Алексей , Barchukov Alyeksyey , Фещенко Ирина , Feschenko Irina , Симоненко Александр , Simonenko Aleksandr , Симоненко Екатерина , Simonenko Ekaterina 
Published: June 2017

The article proposed anti-crisis management mechanism,
involving the introduction of «Protection» component (protection)
which will play a role of a central key element in marketing
mix model 8Р, and also validated a system approach that intended
a fusion of indication of total economic risk into balanced score
card, that will permit optimize the process of anti-crisis management
under action conditions of external and internal threats.
ANALYSIS OF THE TERRITORY BRAND PROMOTION EFFECTIVENESS IN SOCIAL NETWORKS (BY THE EXAMPLE OF FACEBOOK)
Authors: Егорова Наталья , Egorova Natalya , Макарова Елена , Makarova Elena 
Published: June 2017

In the study, the authors evaluated the effectiveness of
Social Media Marketing as a tool for brand promotion territory
from the point of view of increase brand awareness and brand appeal.
As object of research has been chosen Nizhny Novgorod. The
aim of the study is to develop recommendations on the use of
SMM marketing tools in promoting territory brand. The subject of
research is the city brand. To achieve objectives of this study, the
authors used content analysis and survey, including field work.
Groups, communities and pages dedicated to Nizhny Novgorod in
Facebook were exposed to content analysis. For the analysis of the
obtained data, the authors used the software package Excel and
SPSS Statistics. Based on the collected data, the authors concluded
that Social Media Marketing is an effective brand promotion
tool. Social Media Marketing should be included in the territory
promotion programme. This programme should be created by the
city government. Interpreting the study results, it is necessary to
take into account that using Facebook as a platform to promote the
territory brand; the authors do not exclude the possibility of using
other social networks to achieve the same objective.
A Review of Field-Based Assessments of Neuromuscular Control and Their Utility in Male Youth Soccer Players
Authors: Read Paul J. , Oliver Jon L. , De Ste Croix Mark B.A. , Myer Gregory D. , Lloyd Rhodri S. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Read, PJ, Oliver, JL, Croix, MS, Myer, GD, and Lloyd, RS. A review of field-based assessments of neuromuscular control and their utility in male youth soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 33(1): 283–299, 2019—Lower-extremity injuries in male youth soccer are common and equate to a substantial time loss from training and competitions during the course of a season. Extended periods of absence will impact player involvement in skill and physical development activities, as well as participation in competitive match play. Neuromuscular risk factors for lower-extremity injury in male youth soccer players can be categorized into quadriceps dominance, leg dominance, ligament dominance, trunk dominance, and reduced dynamic stability. Valid screening methods to identify risk factors that are practically viable are needed for youth athletes who may be at a greater risk of injury in soccer. Although field-based tests of neuromuscular control provide a reliable option for the assessment of injury risk in adults and females, less data are available in male youth soccer players, and further research is required to examine their ability to predict injury risk. This article provides a review of the current literature pertaining to field-based screening tests and critically appraises their suitability for use with male youth soccer players. Currently, the only method that has been validated in male youth soccer players is the landing error scoring system. Asymmetrical anterior reach measured during the Y-Balance test may also be considered because of its strong predictive ability in male youth basketball players; however, further research is required to fully support its use with soccer players.
Blood Pressure Response During Resistance Training of Different Work-to-Rest Ratio
Authors: Paulo Anderson Caetano , Tricoli Valmor , Queiroz Andréia C.C. , Laurentino Gilberto , Forjaz Cláudia L.M. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Paulo, AC, Tricoli, V, Queiroz, ACC, Laurentino, G, and Forjaz, CLM. Blood pressure response during resistance training of different work-to-rest ratio. J Strength Cond Res 33(2): 399–407, 2019—Changes in the work-to-rest ratio (W:R) of resistance training protocols (RTPs) (i.e., decreasing work or increasing rest) reduce the marked elevation in blood pressure (BP) that occurs during RTP execution. However, whether changes in RTP structure without changing W:R can change BP responses to RTP is unknown. To investigate the effect of different structures of rest intervals and number of repetitions per set on BP response among RTP equated and nonequated for W:R, 20 normotensive participants (25 ± 4 years) performed 4 different RTP of the leg extension exercise with the same work but different W:R structures. Two protocols followed the recommendations for cardiovascular disorders: (a) HIGHW:R-3×15:44s–3×15:44s (set×reps:rest between sets), which has high W:R (45reps:88s) and (b) LOWW:R-3×15:88s–3×15:88s, which has low W:R (45reps:176s). The other 2 protocols were W:R-equated to LOWW:R (45reps:176s): (c) LOWW:R-9×5:22s and (d) LOWW:R-45×1:4s. Systolic BP (ΔSBP) and diastolic BP (ΔDBP) were assessed by finger photoplethysmography. There were significant main effects for ΔSBP after RTP (p ≤ 0.05): HIGHW:R-3×15:44s = LOWW:R-3×15:88s > LOWW:R-45×1:4s > LOWW:R-9×5:22s (+87 ± 5 and +84 ± 5 vs. +61 ± 4 vs. 57 ± 4 mm Hg). For ΔDBP, there was a significant interaction between RTP and moment (p ≤ 0.05). Thus, HIGHW:R-3×15:44 > LOWW:R-3×15:88s > LOWW:R-45×1:4s > LOWW:R-9×5:22s (+53 ± 5 vs. +49 ± 5 vs. +44 ± 4 vs. +38 ± 3 mm Hg). HIGHW:R-3×15:44s produced the highest increase in ΔDBP, and LOWW:R-9×5:22s produced the lowest increase in ΔSBP and ΔDBP. Our findings may help the development of RTP protocols that may mitigate pressure peaks without changing important exercise variables (i.e., volume or duration).
Validity and Reliability of 15 Hz Global Positioning System Units for Assessing the Activity Profiles of University Football Players
Authors: Barr Matthew , Beaver Tim , Turczyn David , Cornish Stephen 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Barr, M, Beaver, T, Turczyn, D, and Cornish, S. Validity and reliability of 15 Hz global positioning system units for assessing the activity profiles of university football players. J Strength Cond Res 33(5): 1371–1379, 2019—Global positioning system (GPS) units have recently become popular for monitoring and assessing the workloads of football players. Currently, there is a lack of studies examining the validity and reliability of these systems for that purpose, so the aim of the current study was to determine whether 15 Hz units (SPI HPU; GPSports, Canberra, Australia) could accurately be used to describe the physical demands of football. A series of cohort studies were conducted with Canadian university football players (n = 28). To assess the accuracy of the units' ability to measure high-velocity sprinting, 12 players performed multiple electronically timed 36.6 m sprints while wearing the units. To assess the interunit reliability, 5 players wore 2 units each during a training session. An analysis of the units' validity for measuring collisions was performed by comparing the correct number of tackles and blocks notated on video by an expert rater in 2 games with the number of collisions recorded by the units. The units were accurate for measuring high-sprinting velocities (coefficient of variation [CV] = 0.9%) and had good interunit reliability for recording distances at velocities between walking and sprinting CV (1.4–7.8%). The collision algorithm filter the accompanying software uses was found to have its best balance between precision and recall using a cut-off of 2.65g for linemen and 2.9g for nonlinemen. The devices used are effective at providing acceptably valid and reliable information to describe the physical demands of football. Position-specific locomotor zones are recommended when using GPS units with football players.
Monitoring Changes in Power, Speed, Agility, and Endurance in Elite Cricketers During the Off-Season Period
Authors: Herridge Ross , Turner Anthony , Bishop Chris 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Herridge, R, Turner, A, and Bishop, C. Monitoring changes in power, speed, agility, and endurance in elite cricketers during the off-season period. J Strength Cond Res 34(8): 2285–2293, 2020—The purpose of this study was to monitor changes in power, speed, agility, and endurance in elite cricketers during the 20-week off-season period. Fourteen elite male cricketers (age 26.2 ± 5.3 years; height 180.8 ± 8.5 cm; mass 83.5 ± 6.7 kg) conducted a physical testing battery in week 1 and week 18 of the off-season period. The testing included a yoyo intermittent recovery test, bilateral and unilateral countermovement jumps, squat jump, broad jump, drop jump (to calculate reactive strength index), proagility, and 5-, 10-, 20-m sprint tests. Results showed significant improvements (p ≤ 0.05) in all fitness tests except for the pro-agility test (p = 0.076), with effect sizes ranging from 0.26 to 2.8 across the test battery. The results of this study show that the off-season period in cricket allows adequate time for significant improvements of physical qualities needed for the demanding in-season schedule of the sport and provides normative values for an elite cricket population.
Проблема осознания экологической угрозы в России
Authors: Тихомиров Дмитрий Андреевич , Кисткина Ирина Александровна 
Published: June 2017

<p align="center">Данная статья посвящена проблеме экологии в России. В ней поднимается вопрос об осознании властью и населением экологической угрозы. Показывается состояние и динамика общественного мнения по проблеме окружающей среды. На основе анализа экологического сознания и поведения делается вывод о низкой степени осознанности населением экологической угрозы. Формулируются рекомендации по изменению экологического сознания россиян. </p>