bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facial skin color assessment and proposed skin shade guide for maxillofacial prosthesis using cluster analysis in a cohort of Indian adults
Authors: Pawar Priyadarshani Gulabrao , Borle Anjali , Patil Pradnya R. , Patil Rohit M. , Gadakh Priyanka S. , Rani Gita 
Published: October 2024

Aim:
The precise estimation and replication of skin color are crucial for maxillofacial prosthesis. The study aimed to evaluate facial skin color with a colorimeter and suggest a skin shade guide and formula for color estimation.

Settings and Design:
An observational study conducted in the department of prosthodontics.

Materials and Methods:
Study was conducted on 368 individuals of Indian origin in age range of 20–45 years. The facial skin color was assessed in malar regions using SkinColorCatch colorimetric device and individual topography angle (ITA) and CIELAB L*a*b* values were noted.

Statistical Analysis Used:
K-means clustering was utilized to propose a shade guide for maxillofacial prosthesis with 24 skin shades. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to propose a formula to estimate skin shade of the individuals.

Results:
Based on cluster analysis, 368 subjects were divided into three clusters with similar characteristic as Cluster 1 with dark skin color in 88 (23.91%) subjects, Cluster 2 with medium skin color in 224 (60.87%) subjects, and Cluster 3 with light skin color in 56 (15.22%) subjects. The mean ITA and L*a*b* values for cluster 1 were −47.04° ±14.77°, 34.53 ± 4.31, 8.55 ± 2, 11.42 ± 3.7033, respectively. The mean ITA angle and L*a*b* values for Cluster 2 were 4.29° ±11.34° 51.67 ± 3.42, 8.79 ± 3.13, 21.36 ± 2.38, respectively. The mean ITA and L*a*b* values for Cluster 3 were 34.65 ± 4.29°, 62.66 ± 3.08, 6.53 ± 1.79, 17.73 ± 2.39, respectively. The proposed shade guide comprised a total of 24 different shades that were categorized into three primary colors according to three distinct clusters, each of which was further broken down into eight subclusters containing various shades within each cluster. Logistic regression analysis gave an equation as follows: Y =12.43 + 0.186X (Y = Predicted skin color, X = ITA angle).

Conclusions:
Twenty-four facial skin shade tabs have been proposed based on ITA angle and CIELAB values. This comprehensive approach to categorize the shades will ensure a detailed and organized system for selecting and matching colors in maxillofacial prosthesis.
Evaluation of tensile bond strength of two different cements used for luting zirconia coping to one-piece zirconia implant - An in vitro study
Authors: Bhadouria Vishal Singh , Shetty Omkar Krishna , Sanan Reshu , Yadav Bhupender Kumar , Ritwal Pankaj Kumar , Nischal Kunal 
Published: October 2024

Aim:
The purpose of this in vitro study was the evaluation of the tensile bond strength of two different cements used for luting zirconia coping to one-piece zirconia implant.

Settings and Design:
The study was designed in an in vitro study setting.

Materials and Methods:
A one-piece zirconia implant was scanned on laboratory scanner, and thirty zirconia implants were milled by computer aided manufacturing (CAM). Subsequently, the abutment surface of each zirconia implants were scanned in laboratory scanner and coping with a hole was designed by computer-aided designing software, which was used for milling by computer-aided manufacturing (CAM). After various surface treatments of abutment and intaglio surface of coping, fifteen sets were cemented by glass ionomer cement (Group I) and the other fifteen sets by adhesive resin cement (Group II). All thirty samples after thermocycling were dried and pulled out in a universal testing machine, and tensile retention force is noted in pounds per square inch (psi).

Statistical Analysis Used:
Values for tensile retention force were tabulated for both the groups. Mean and standard deviation are calculated. Independent t-value and P value were calculated.

Results:
The least tensile retention force was reported in Group I (165.86 ± 25.74 psi). Maximum tensile retention force was received for Group II (396.81 ± 78.32 psi). Independent t-test was applied from which t-value calculated was 10.85 and P value obtained was 0.001, which means that there exists a very high difference in tensile bond strength of cement in Group I and Group II.

Conclusions:
Better tensile retention forces were observed in samples cemented with adhesive resin cement when compared to samples cemented with glass ionomer cement.
Stress distribution by parafunctional loading on tooth–implant, implant–implant, and tooth–tooth-supported prosthesis: A comparative three-dimensional finite element analysis
Authors: Ravindran P Ambili , Raghavan Rohit , Christopher Kiran , Sramadathil Sethu , George Ann , Sasi Athira Kattachirakunnel 
Published: October 2024

Aim:
The study’s objective was to evaluate the stress distribution in tooth-implant, implant-implant, and tooth-tooth supported prostheses under parafunctional loading in axial and oblique directions employing a 3D finite element analysis in the mandibular posterior region which had D3 bone (porous cortical bone and fine trabecular bone).

Setting and Design:

In vitro study, Finite element analysis.

Meterials and Methods:
Cone-beam computed tomography data was used by Mimics software (Materialize Mimics 19) to create a three-dimensional finite element simulation of the jaw. Solid Works 2018 (Dassault Systems) was used to produce a geometric 3D model of the three systems. Each model consisted of a bone, an implant, and teeth (Model I tooth-tooth supported, Model II tooth-implant supported and Model III implant-implant supported). The three models’ geometrical models were transferred to Ansys Workbench (19.2 software) for the analysis portion. A load that mimicked masticatory force was delivered in both axial and oblique directions.

Statistical Analysis Used:
In the present study, statistical analysis was not required because 3D finite element analysis uses deterministic numerical methods to simulate physical behavior and stress distribution patterns.

Result:
The results demonstrated that under the parafunctional combined loading process, the implant- implant supported prosthesis showed significantly higher stress concentrations in the bone. It was found that the cortical bone around the crestal region had the highest stresses.

Conclusion:
Within the constraints of this investigation, we could draw the following conclusion: Of the three models, the tooth-tooth supported prosthesis exhibited the least amount of stress distribution, which was also least when functional loading was applied in the axial direction.
Assessment of different shielding materials for radiation therapy of maxillofacial tumors – An in vitro study
Authors: Mohamed K Kasim , Srinivas K Satish , Seenivasan Madhankumar , Babu Annapoorani 
Published: October 2024

Aim:
Since the advent of radiotherapy, the success rate of head and neck cancer treatment has increased significantly. However, when the tissue tolerance level is exceeded, unnecessary and uncontrolled exposure to radiation is considered detrimental. Such problems remain difficult to prevent and manage. The aim of the study to evaluate and compare the degree of attenuation of therapeutic radiation using four different radiation shielding materials of varying thickness.

Study Setting and Design:

In vitro experimental study.

Materials and Methods:
The samples were divided into four groups based on the different radiation shielding materials of thickness 3mm and 5mm. The materials are Lead (Pb), Silver-tin alloy (Ag-Sn) with Polyvinylsiloxane (PVS), Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) with Barium sulphate (BaSO4), and a combination of Ag-Sn with PVS and PMMA with BaSO4 which was exposed to radiation. The radiation dose measurements were recorded and the radiation attenuation properties of the shielding materials were evaluated. Among all of the shielding materials the most efficient material under consideration is determined.

Statistical Analysis Used:
One-way ANOVA followed by post hoc test was used to compare the means of all four groups.

Results:
A statistically significant difference between groups was found by a one-way ANOVA with a P = 0.001. In the post hoc test, statistically significant findings were obtained with a P = 0.05 when comparing the variation values of 3mm and 5mm thickness between each group and other groups.

Conclusion:
The shielding materials results in significant reductions in radiation dosage. It was concluded that the combinations of Ag-Sn alloy with PVS, and PMMA with BaSO4 of thickness 5 mm had a good shielding effect.
Digital prosthodontics in near future: Awareness among the dental students on intraoral scanners and its probability of replacement over conventional method in the near future of prosthodontics: A cross-sectional survey
Authors: Ketharinath N. , Kiruppashini T. , Kabilan P. , Nagappan C. 
Published: October 2024

Aims:
The aim of the study is to analyse the awareness and knowledge about IOSs among the dental students of Tamil Nadu.

Settings and Design:
A cross sectional survey – questionnaire study.

Materials and Methods:
A descriptive, cross-sectional survey was carried out to assess the knowledge, awareness, and practice of IOSs among dental students through a questionnaire of five domains, with five questions in each domain. This is sent to various dental students of Tamil Nadu through mail and othersocial media platforms.

Statistical Analysis Used:
It was performed using a statistical package for the social sciences’ [SPSS] software version 22. Descriptive statistics were performed for demographic variables. Chi square test was performed for all the qualitative data.

Results:
Most of the answers were statistically significant with P < 0.05 and few results were not significant indicating less knowledge and awareness about digital prosthodontics among the dental students.

Conclusions:
Thus, the addition of digital dentistry in the curriculum of dental students and giving them more knowledge helps in the flourishment of the future prosthodontic field with much accuracy of treatment and with less patient discomfort replacing the conventional methods.
Vascular Leiomyoma of oral cavity: A case report in young male patient
Authors: Agarwal Priyanka , Creanga Adriana D. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Vascular Leiomyoma of the oral cavity is an uncommon benign soft tissue neoplasia arising from the tunica media of the smooth muscle cells. We reported a rare case of Vascular Leiomyoma involving the retromolar trigone area of a young man. A 24-year-old male presented with a slowly growing mass in the retromolar area, which was associated with pain and difficulty in opening of mouth and eating and drinking. A punch biopsy was taken and sent for histopathological examination which revealed a benign angiomatous lesion. The mass was excised, and the adjoining area was curetted. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of Vascular Leiomyoma. The immunohistochemistry of cells shows: alpha-smooth muscle (+); vimentin (+), Desmin, actin (+), and S100 (−). Angioleiomyomas are benign lesions, but malignant transformation is a possibility so careful histologic inspection is necessary to distinguish these lesions from their malignant counterpart.
Cancer stem cells targeted therapy: A changing concept in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Manchanda Adesh S. , Rai Harmandeep K. , Kaur Manvir , Arora Paras 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Identification of cancer stem cells (CSCs), their multilineage potential, and their ability of self-renewal have revolutionised the current concepts of cancer treatment. The suspected role of CSCs in cancer initiation, progression and relapse with the observed resistance to conventional cancer treatments has led to the development of more specific and targeted therapies. Identification of the properties of stem cells (SCs) and their potential for localisation in cancer has made targeted anti-cancer treatment possible by incorporating some modifications into these SCs. The same concept has been applied to the treatment strategy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) to control the relapse and improve the mortality rates in patients. This review aims to discuss the role of CSCs in the course and relapse of HNSCC, various surface markers for their identification and SC-targeted therapy options for the treatment of HNSCC, with a highlight on the advantages, shortcomings, opportunities and challenges to SC therapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, treatment and scope for future research.
A brief insight regarding Nasopalatine duct cyst- Report of two cases with a review of literature
Authors: Sarangi Snehanjan , Ray Debarati , Bhattacharjee Tathagata , Ray Jay Gopal 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Nasopalatine duct cysts (NPDCs) are among the most common nonodontogenic cysts, typically located in the midline of anterior maxillary hard palate. They usually arise from the embryonic epithelial vestiges of the nasopalatine duct. NPDCs predominantly affect adult males, generally during their fourth decade of life. Clinically, they present as asymptomatic or occasionally painful, fluctuant or discharging swellings involving the hard palate. Radiographically, NPDCs are characterized by a well-defined, fairly corticated, inverted pear-shaped or heart-shaped radiolucency situated between the roots of the maxillary incisors. Histopathologically, NPDCs exhibit a wide spectrum of findings. The lining may be comprised of stratified squamous, pseudostratified ciliated columnar, columnar, or cuboidal epithelium, or a combination and transition of these types. The cystic capsule is fibrocollagenous and can exhibit certain unique features, such as neurovascular bundles, mucous glands, and cartilaginous rests. NPDCs are typically managed through surgical enucleation, and recurrences are rare. Herein, we present two cases of NPDCs, along with a brief overview of their origin, relevant diagnostic features, and management.
Pathophysiology of oral lesions subsequent to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination: A systematic review
Authors: Sharma Preeti , Malik Sangeeta , Wadhwan Vijay , Sharma Rishabh 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Amidst worldwide reports of adverse oral lesions subsequent to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination, the current systematic review planned to determine the prevalence of adverse oral events in adult individuals (≥18 years) after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, emphasizing upon the type and dose of vaccine, time of onset, and underlying pathophysiology. The registered protocol (PROSPERO CRD42023421307), conforming with PRISMA guidelines, included an all-inclusive literature search through online databases, consisting of Scopus, PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Lilacs, Livivo, and PROSPERO, completed on 2 May 2023, followed by assessment of risk of bias by Joana Briggs Institute Evaluation Checklist. Due to the paucity of literature, case reports and case series were included. Self-reported lesions were excluded. Qualitative synthesis employing Microsoft Excel software 2019 revealed low prevalence (43 subjects) from 26 case reports and two case series. There were multiple erosive oral ulcers on gingiva, palate, burning pain in the mouth, xerostomia, tongue fissuring and glossitis, palatal petechiae, diffuse erythematous lesions and loss of smell (16.2%), primary herpetic gingivostomatitis (21%), oral lichen planus (16.2%), Stevens-Johnson syndrome (6.9%), Bell’s palsy in four cases where two cases were Guillain-Barré syndrome (9.3%), erythema multiforme (11.6%), pemphigus (4.6%), idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (6.9%), unilateral hypoglossal nerve palsy (4.6%), and trigeminal neuralgia (2.3%). Maximum cases (22 subjects) presented oral lesions after Pfizer (BNT162b2) SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. No association was found between the vaccine type and dose with oral side effects. Dentists must be aware of the oral adverse effects after coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination to better understand the pathogenesis and the risk factors associated with such reactions.
Providing Cataract Surgeries at a Rural Primary Health Centre through Non-governmental Organisation Collaboration: An 8-year Experience
Authors: Sharma Shruti K , Sharma Vijay , Yadav Reena 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The National Programme for Control of Blindness and Visual Impairment aims to reduce blindness and visual impairment in India. Despite these efforts, rural areas still have high numbers of cataract patients due to inadequate healthcare services. Leveraging non-governmental organisation (NGO) networks to provide rural eye care camps has been proposed to address these challenges. This article shares an 8-year collaboration with an NGO in rural Haryana, delivering cataract surgeries. Initially, surgeries were conducted in temporary locations; however, due to complications, they were shifted to hospitals, increasing travel difficulties. In 2016, collaboration with ICARE Eye Hospital began, involving screening camps and transporting patients for surgery. This reduced patient expenses and referral burdens, performing 1690 surgeries with high satisfaction. Authors recommend similar collaborations to achieve the national blindness reduction goal.
Simultaneous occurrence of cerebral bleed and infarct
Authors: Aggarwal Amitesh , Bansal Luv , Jain Meenakshi 
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND:
Simultaneous occurrence of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke is extremely rare although the pathology of both types of strokes is similar. However, this poses challenges in management of such cases.

CASE DETAIL:
An 80-year-old Indian housewife presented to the hospital in altered sensorium with no significant comorbidity in the past. On neurological imaging, she was found to have both intracerebral infarct and bleed. She was managed conservatively.

CONCLUSION:
There are challenges in management of these types of patients as treatment is different in both scenarios. This case raised the question regarding the routine management of such cases. In the absence of published guidelines, individual tailoring of treatment is needed.
Thyroid profile in patients of liver cirrhosis and correlation with severity and etiology of liver disease
Authors: Singh Smriti , Maurya Sharad Kumar , Varma Anubha 
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION:
Thyroid disease has been observed to be associated with liver injuries or deranged liver function. This study was conducted to study thyroid dysfunction in patients of liver cirrhosis and any association between severity of liver cirrhosis and thyroid profile.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
In this case-control study, liver cirrhosis patients aged >18 years with evidence of hepatocellular dysfunction with portal hypertension compared with apparently healthy age-gender matched. Data were collected on a semistructural questionnaire with general physical and systemic examinations, including thyroid examination. The etiology of disease was ascertained on the basis of clinical examination and investigation.

RESULTS:
The study included 72 case (70.8% male and 29.2% female) and equal number of control participants. Controls as compared to cases had free triiodothyronine (fT3) (2.45 ± 0.40 vs. 1.60 ± 0.50 pg/ml) and free tetraiodothyronine (fT4) (1.26 ± 0.21 vs. 1.15 ± 0.48 ng/ml). Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) value of cases were 3.61 ± 0.95 μIU/ml and controls were 3.01 ± 0.66 μIU/ml.

CONCLUSIONS:
Liver disease cases as compared to controls had significantly lower fT3 levels and significantly higher TSH levels. Mortality rate of liver disease cases with thyroid dysfunction was also found to be significantly higher.
Human Schistosomiasis due to Schistosoma bovis in Nigeria
Authors: Enudi Antonia Omenebele , Nmorsi Onyebiguwa Patrick Goddey , Egwunyenga Andy Ogochukwu 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT.
Schistosomiasis is a global public health challenge, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, where Nigeria has the highest burden of disease. Schistosoma hybrids have been discovered in various countries, including Nigeria, where livestock and human beings share common water resources. This study, carried out in three communities, two of which are endemic for urinary schistosomiasis, aimed to identify the urinary schistosomiasis causative agent by using a species-specific molecular technique and their evolutionary relationship. Polymerase chain reaction using primers specific for a partial DNA sequence of the mitochondrial cox1 gene of Schistosoma haematobium was carried out on pooled urine sediments preserved in 70% ethanol. DNA from the high-intensity pooled samples from Onye-Uku camp amplified, and a BLAST search identified the pooled samples as Schistosoma bovis, whereas S. haematobium DNA did not amplify. The phylogenetic relationship of the sequence showed that it clustered with an S. bovis hybrid obtained from a human host in Côte d’Ivoire and had close ancestry with isolates from cattle in Cameroon. This finding revealed the prevalence of S. bovis among some inhabitants in a zone in Nigeria where schistosomiasis is endemic.
Prevalence and Genetic Diversity of Deer Tick Virus (Powassan Virus, Lineage II) in Ixodes scapularis Ticks in Five Habitats at a Nature Reserve in Southern Maine, United States
Authors: Robich Rebecca M. , Piantadosi Anne , Elias Susan P. , Cosenza Danielle S. , Schneider Elizabeth F. , Baxter Lindsay , LaFon Erin , Lubelczyk Charles B. , Meagher Molly , Vogels Chantal B. F. , Smith Robert P. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT.
Deer tick virus (DTV), also known as Powassan virus lineage II, is a rising health concern due to increased recognition as a cause of human encephalitis. Since European tick-borne encephalitis virus persists in nature in enzootic foci (i.e., higher prevalence rates in small pockets in nature), we sought to determine whether DTV is also focally maintained in relation to habitat type, to better understand factors leading to human risk of exposure. From 2018 to 2021, questing Ixodes scapularis ticks were collected from five habitats at the Wells National Estuarine Research Reserve (WNERR) in Wells, ME: forest with invasive vegetation in the understory, edge, shrub, forest with native vegetation in the understory, and open field. Deer tick virus prevalence was greater in adult ticks (2.0%) than in nymphs (0.5%). Deer tick virus prevalence in adult ticks collected from forest with invasive vegetation was 3.2% compared to 0 to 1.7% in other habitat types. A hot spot analysis revealed a higher number of infected adults collected per hour on one of the transects located in forest with invasive vegetation. Phylogenetic analysis of 37 full-length DTV genomes sequenced in this study revealed four major clades from the WNERR, and there was high genetic diversity within each transect, suggesting frequent, short-range dispersal between habitats. Analysis of DTV sequences from other New England counties and states also indicated long-distance dispersal to and/or from the WNERR. This study provides preliminary evidence that DTV is focal and that the risk of encountering DTV-infected ticks in forest with invasive vegetation may be greater than in other habitat types.