bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary Psychology and Mental Health
Authors: Nesse Randolph M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractEvolutionary biology is the recognized foundation for understanding animal behavior, but only now is it being recognized as essential for understanding abnormal behavior. The range of applications is wide, from recognizing the origins, functions, and regulation of emotions, to evolutionary explanations for the persistence of alleles that predisposed to mental disorders. Like other medical disorders, every mental disorder requires not only a description of the responsible mechanisms, but also an explanation for why those mechanisms are vulnerable to failure. The six reasons for vulnerability from evolutionary medicine help to structure research questions and answers. Some disorders are more common in modern environments, but many are products of the limits of natural selection, or trade‐offs. The principle that natural selection shaped organisms to maximize reproductive success instead of health is crucial for psychiatry. Also essential is recognition of negative emotions as evolved defenses whose apparently faulty regulation can be explained by the smoke detector principle. While some aspects of some mental disorders reflect adaptive traits, many are better interpreted as flaws that exist for good reasons.
A Catalytic Approach to Quinoline Fused Lactones and Lactams from Glycine Derivatives
Authors: Huo Congde , Yuan Yong , Chen Fengjuan , Wang Yajun 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA dual catalyst system [copper(II) chloride‐sulfuric acid, (CuCl2‐H2SO4)]‐promoted aerobic oxidative reaction of glycine derivatives with 2,3‐dihydrofurans or 2,3‐dihydropyrroles has been explored, affording an efficient synthesis of high value quinoline fused lactones and lactams. The application of this new methodology to the synthesis of a bioactive C ring extension analogue of luotonin A has been accomplished in a concise three‐step sequence.magnified image
Carbocatalysed Oxidative CC Homocouplings of Benzo‐Fused Heterocycles
Authors: Wirtanen Tom , Mäkelä Mikko K. , Sarfraz Jawad , Ihalainen Petri , Hietala Sami , Melchionna Michele , Helaja Juho 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAppropriate and fine‐tuned treatments of amorphous carbon (AC) involvingaqua regiaor concentrated HNO3lead to oxidised carbon materials (oAC) which are able to catalyse 2,2′‐ and 3,3′‐homocouplings of various functionalised indoles with outstanding activity. This newly developed carbocatalysed C${{_{sp{^{2}}}}}$C${{_{sp{^{2}}}}}$bond formation can be achieved under mild thermal conditions. The study on the scope of the reaction revealed that the reaction can be extended to the homocoupling of other substrates of high synthetic interest such as 2‐naphthol, 2‐functionalised benzofurans and benzothiofurans. The characterisation of oAC with XPS together withad hocexperiments aimed at blocking the active site revealed that the presence and distribution of CO functionalities is critical and correlates well with the catalytic activity. Such experiments provide solid support for elucidation of the mechanism, suggesting a quinone nature of the active CO groups, which are spontaneously regenerated by oxygen. This is confirmed by the fact that 2,3‐dichloro‐5,6‐dicyano‐1,4‐benzoquinone (DDQ) is able to promote the coupling in a stoichiometric fashion.magnified image
Copper(II)‐Promoted, One‐Pot Conversion of 1‐Alkynes with Anhydrides or Primary Amines to the Respective 2,5‐Disubstituted Furans or Pyrroles under Microwave Irradiation Conditions
Authors: Lee Hyejeong , Yi Yeonhui , Jun Chul‐Ho 
Published: November 2015

AbstractFurans and pyrroles are prepared from 1‐alkynes by using a Cu(II)‐promoted, one‐pot, microwave irradiation method. Glaser coupling of 1‐alkynes and cyclization of the resulting 1,3‐diyne in the presence of an anhydride or a primary amine results in the formation of the respective 2,5‐diaryl‐ or 2,5‐dialkyl‐substituted furans and pyrroles.magnified image
Antimicrobial Polyurea: Synthesis, Spectral, and Thermal Overview of Some New Metal Polychelates
Authors: Hasnain Sumaiya , Rasool Raza , Nishat Nahid 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTNovel polyureas were synthesized by the addition polymerization of o‐phenylenediamine and toluene 2,4 diisocyanate in 1:1 molar ratio to investigate the biocidal nature of polyurea ligand and its metal polychelates. Some of the transitional metals were allowed to react with this polyurea in 2:1 ligand to metal mole ratio. The successful preparation of polyurea and metal‐containing polyurea was analyzed by elemental analysis and other analytical techniques such as FTIR and 1H NMR. The geometry of metal‐containing polyurea was determined by electronic spectra and magnetic moment measurement. Thermal stability of entire series of synthesized compound was determined by thermogravimetric analysis, and results show that incorporation of metal enhances thermal stability. Microbial actions of the polyurea's were investigated against some bacteria and fungi, namely Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Bacillus subtilis (bacteria), Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus flavus (fungi). Antimicrobial screening tests gave good results in the presence of metal ion in the ligand system.
Development and Evaluation of Rosuvastatin Calcium Based Microparticles for Solubility Enhancement: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Sarfraz Rai Muhammad , Ahmad Mahmood , Mahmood Asif , Minhas Muhammad Usman , Yaqoob Ayesha 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTSolubility of poorly water‐soluble drugs is one of the most emerging issue associated with these drugs to form a suitable dosage form that will provide desired pharmacological response. Their low solubility causes elimination of most of the drug from body as such, and desired therapeutic levels are not achieved. Polymers are major players in these formulations, e.g., chitosan, polyvinyl pyrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, β‐cyclodextrin, etc. β‐Cyclodextrin is one of the most efficient polymer among all of these to work as a carrier for these drugs to enhance solubility. In the present work, microparticles were prepared by different techniques to enhance solubility of rosuvastatin calcium. Microparticles were evaluated for Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal analysis, dissolution studies, powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and stability studies to confirm enhancement in solubility. Different in vitro kinetic models such as zero order, first order, Higuchi, and Korsmeyer–Peppas were applied to determine the release behavior of drug from prepared formulations. Results were statistically analyzed by the one‐way ANOVA test, and thepvalue was determined to check significant results. Results of PXRD had shown that drug nature was changed from crystalline to amorphous, and FTIR and thermal analysis confirmed that the complex was formed between drug and β‐cyclodextrin. SEM images had shown that microparticles had small size loaded with drug. Results had shown that formulation F3 prepared by solid dispersion of drug and β‐cyclodextrin in 1:3 had achieved maximum release of drug 97% within 45 min.
Kinetic Resolution of β‐Sulfonyl Ketones through Enantioselective β‐Elimination using a Cation‐Binding Polyether Catalyst
Authors: Li Liang , Liu Yidong , Peng Yang , Yu Lei , Wu Xiaoyan , Yan Hailong 
Published: November 2015

AbstractReported herein is the first enantioselective β‐elimination reaction catalyzed by a chiral cation‐binding polyether. By using this catalytic protocol, a wide range of β‐sulfonyl ketones could be effectively resolved with high stereoselectivity (S up to >300). Key to the success of this process is the favorable secondary interactions of the catalyst with the Lewis basic groups on the sulfone substrate. The enone product of this process can be easily converted into the racemic starting material, and allows an effective recycling and overall synthesis of chiral β‐sulfonyl ketones in high yield and excellent enantioselectivity.
Au+‐vermittelte, effiziente Kupplung eines Carbenliganden mit Methan: Bildung von C2Hx (x=4, 6) bei Raumtemperatur
Authors: Zhou Shaodong , Li Jilai , Wu Xiao‐Nan , Schlangen Maria , Schwarz Helmut 
Published: November 2015

AbstractDie thermischen Reaktionen des geschlossenschaligen, “nackten” Gold‐Carben‐Komplexes [Au(CH2)]+ mit Methan wurden mittels FT‐ICR‐Massenspektrometrie und quantenchemischen Rechnungen (CCSD(T)//BMK) untersucht. Die effiziente Insertion des Carbenliganden in die C‐H‐Bindung von Methan wird unter mechanistischen Gesichtspunkten beleuchtet, und die Ursache der unerwartet hohen Reaktivität von [Au(CH2)]+ gegenüber dem höchst inerten Kohlenwasserstoff diskutiert.
BSA‐conjugated zinc oxide nanoparticles as luminescent probes for the determination of histidine
Authors: Wu Dudu , Liang Qiaowen , Chen Zhi 
Published: November 2015

AbstractZinc oxide nanoparticles doped with bovine serum albumin were used to determine histidine in aqueous solutions using a fluorescence spectroscopic technique. The results showed that histidine effectively quenched the fluorescence of the modified ZnO nanoparticles, whereas other amino acids did not significantly affect the light emission, thereby allowing selective and sensitive histidine detection in amino acid mixtures. Under optimal conditions (pH 7.0, 25 °C, 10 min preincubation), the detection limit for histidine was ~ 9.87 × 10–7 mol/L. The high value of the determined quenching rate constant Kq (3.30 × 1013 L/mol/s) was consistent with a static quenching mechanism. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The application of HPLC‐MS/MS to studies of pharmacokinetics and interconversion of isoliquiritigenin and neoisoliquiritigenin in rats
Authors: Peng Fu , Gong Xiao‐hong , Xiong Liang , Chen Jian‐ping , Li Yun‐xia 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA specific and sensitive HPLC‐MS/MS method was developed and validated for the simultaneously quantification of isoliquiritigenin (ISL) and neoisoliquiritin (NIS) in rat plasma by oral administration. Analytes were analyzed on an Agilent 6460 LC‐MS/MS system (Agilent, USA) using an Agilent Zorbax SB‐C18 column (4.6 × 150 mm, 5 μm). Gradient elution was applied for the analyte separation using a mobile phase composed of 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution and methanol at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min with a total running time of 12 min. The calibration curves for ISL and NIS showed good linearity in the concentrations ranging from 0.001 to 4.000 μg/mL with correlation coefficients >0.998. The precision, accuracy, recovery and stability were deemed acceptable. The method was applied to the pharmacokinetics study of ISL and NIS in rats by single and combination administration. The result showed that Cmax and AUC0→t of ISL were markedly increased from 0.53 to 1.20 μg/mL, and from 69.63 to 200.74 min μg/mL by combination administration. The mean t1/2 value was also prolonged from 64.55 to 203.74 min in the combination group. These results indicated that NIS may have been metabolized to ISL which increased the absorption and extended the elimination of ISL. However, little difference was found for NIS pharmacokinetics parameters between single NIS and the combination group, which suggested that there was no significant biotransformation of ISL to NIS. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Leptomeningeal metastasis of uterine cervical cancer 17 years after primary tumor treatment
Authors: Oike Takahiro , Ohno Tatsuya , Noda Shin‐Ei , Murata Tomomi , Hirakawa Takashi , Hirato Junko , Furuya Mio , Sato Hiro , Hirota Yuka , Minegishi Takashi , Nakano Takashi 
Published: November 2015

Key Clinical MessageLeptomeningeal metastasis (LM) of uterine cervical cancer is extremely rare. A 54‐year‐old woman with uterine cervical cancer treated with surgery and radiotherapy developed LM manifesting as ptosis 17 years later. Although rare, LM should be considered in patients with a history of uterine cervical cancer presenting with cranial nerve symptoms.
Photooxidation of Guaiacol to Organic Acids with Hydrogen Peroxide by Microwave Discharge Electrodeless Lamps
Authors: Zhang Dajie , Sun Binzhe , Duan Lian , Tao Yufang , Xu Aihua , Li Xiaoxia 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe production of chemicals from lignin by green and sustainable technologies is a promising alternative route to replace fossil fuels. Photooxidation of guaiacol, a model of lignin, to value‐added carboxylic acids with microwave discharge electrodeless lamps as light source was investigated in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The coupled UV‐vis/microwave irradiation led to a more effective degradation of guaiacol than with conventional photocatalysis. Hydroxyl radicals as active species, confirmed by electron spin resonance spin‐trapping, were generated and participated in the oxidation. The effect of different operating conditions such as reaction time, guaiacol concentration, solution pH, as well as oxidant concentration, was evaluated.
Monitoring Volatile Fatty Acids and Carbonate Alkalinity in Anaerobic Digestion: Titration Methodologies
Authors: Sun Hao , Wu Shubiao , Dong Renjie 
Published: November 2015

AbstractVolatile fatty acids and carbonate alkalinity have long been considered the key variables in most anaerobic digestion (AD) monitoring strategies as they not only reflect the current process status, but also mirror their response to incoming imbalances and provide an indication of the buffer capacity of digesters to process disturbance and imminent digester failure caused by sudden operational changes. Titration methods are generally acknowledged for routine monitoring and control of biogas plants due to their simplicity and cost‐effectiveness. Systematical evaluation and comparison of these methods have not been carried out in sufficient depth to date. Basic theories of titration methods, their development, influencing factors, and evolution during recent years are reviewed. This review may provide assistance for selection of the most appropriate titration method and in the development of new methods for stability monitoring in the AD processes.
Selective Coordination of Gallium(III), Zinc(II), and Copper(II) by an Asymmetric Dinucleating Ligand: A Model for Metallophosphatases
Authors: Bosch Simone , Comba Peter , Gahan Lawrence R. , Hanson Graeme R. , Noble Christopher , Schenk Gerhard , Wadepohl Hubert 
Published: November 2015

AbstractComplexation studies of the dinucleating ligand H3L (H3L=2‐{[bis(pyridin‐2‐ylmethyl)amino]methyl}‐6‐{[bis(6‐pivaloylamidopyridin‐2‐ylmethyl)amino]methyl}‐4‐methylphenol), with metal‐binding sites A and B, which both provide four donors to a metal ion; a tertiary amine; two pyridines (substituted with amide hydrogen‐bond donors in site B), and a bridging phenolate, with ZnII, CuII, and GaIII are reported. The titration of H3L with the three metal ions in solution was monitored by NMR spectroscopy or EPR and UV/Vis/near‐IR spectroscopy, as well as by ESI‐MS to analyze the selectivity of the two metal‐ion sites A and B of this model ligand for metallophosphatases; the spectroscopic assignments are supported by X‐ray crystallography results. The first ZnII ion coordinates to site A with unsubstituted pyridine donors and, upon addition of a second equivalent of ZnII, this coordinates to the sterically less accessible site B. From a similar titration with GaIII, it emerges that only a mononuclear complex is obtained, with the GaIII center coordinated to site A. When one equivalent of GaIII is reacted with the mononuclear ZnII complex, ZnII is forced by GaIII to exchange the site; this results in a dinuclear complex with GaIII in site A and ZnII in site B. With CuII, two isomers are observed: one with and the other without a bridging phenolate; these differ significantly in their spectroscopic and magnetic properties.
Experimental study of the hydraulic characteristics of a coal log train in a pipe
Authors: Li Wenjuan , Lu Shengyong , Liu Yong , Yan Jianhua , Buekens Alfons G. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe pressure distribution around two coal logs in tandem (a coal log train) flowing in a horizontal pipe (inner diameter of 50 mm) is experimentally studied. Experiments are conducted at three water velocities (0.92, 1.10, and 1.50 m/s; corresponding Reynolds numbers 45 771, 54 726, and 74 627, respectively). The hydraulic characteristics of the coal log train are analyzed, and the results are used to calculate the lift and drag forces together with the lift and drag coefficients. The pressure at the faces and surfaces of the coal log train increases at rising water velocity, enhancing the lift and drag forces. The forces acting on the first coal log are the largest, and forces on other coal logs decrease stepwise. The hydraulic characteristics of the first coal log are more complex than that of other coal logs. The lift and drag coefficients decrease with increasing water velocity. Both the lift and drag forces on individual coal logs are smaller than those on a single coal log in a pipe, when the coal logs follow one another. These results show the great difference in hydraulic characteristics between a coal log train and a single coal log in a pipe.
Polydopamine‐Functionalized Superparamagnetic Magnetite Nanocrystal Clusters – Rapid Magnetic Response and Efficient Antitumor Drug Carriers
Authors: Song Shaokun , Zhu Wanting , Long Chao , Zhang Yang , Chen Shun , Dong Lijie 
Published: November 2015

AbstractOne major focus of antitumor drug delivery is the development of suitable carriers for therapeutic molecules. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles are promising magnetic drug carriers as they are biocompatible, biodegradable, readily tunable, superparamagnetic, and, thus, controllable by an external magnetic field. In this paper, we propose and demonstrate a bioinspired synthesis of polydopamine‐functionalized superparamagnetic magnetite nanocrystal clusters for antitumor drug delivery. Firstly, an oil‐phase evaporation‐induced self‐assembly strategy was introduced to fabricate magnetite nanocrystal clusters (MNCs), which have the advantage of increased magnetization through a synergistic effect. Secondly, the surface functionalization of the MNCs with polydopamine (PDOPA) was demonstrated. Thirdly, the antitumor drug epirubicin (EPB) was attached to the surface of MNC@PDOPA, and its applicability for use as a magnetically guided carrier for antitumor drug delivery was demonstrated. The achieved MNC@PDOPA exhibits superparamagnetic characteristics, improved magnetization behavior under an external magnetic field, well‐controlled loading, and pH‐responsive properties; therefore, the MNC@PDOPA is a promising nanomaterial for in vivo EPB delivery applications and tumor chemotherapy.
Coordination of {C5Me5Ir}2+ to [M6O19]8– (M = Nb, Ta) – Analogies and Differences between Rh and Ir, Nb and Ta
Authors: Abramov Pavel A. , Vicent Cristian , Kompankov Nikolay B. , Gushchin Artem L. , Sokolov Maxim N. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe reactions of [Cp*IrCl2]2 (Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) with [M6O19]8– (M = Nb, Ta) anions lead to the formation of new hybrid organometallic–polyoxometalate (organometallic–POM) complexes, namely, single‐capped Na8[H2{Cp*IrNb6O18}2(O)]·47H2O (Na8‐IrNb12) and Na6[{Cp*Ir}Ta6O19]·27H2O (Na6‐IrTa6) as well as double‐capped trans‐[{Cp*Ir}2M6O19]4– complexes. Their solution behavior was studied by NMR spectroscopy and ESI‐MS techniques. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) experiments demonstrated efficient electrocatalytic water oxidation in the presence of trans‐[{Cp*Ir}2Nb6O19]4–.
Secondary Sphere Hydrogen Bonding in Monocopper Complexes of Potentially Dinucleating Bis(carboxamide) Ligands
Authors: Neisen Benjamin D. , Solntsev Pavlo V. , Halvagar Mohammad R. , Tolman William B. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractReaction of a macrocyclic ligand precursor comprising two bis(carboxamido)pyridine units (H4L4) connected by ethylene linkers with NMe4OH and CuX2 (X = Cl, OAc, or OTf) yielded monocopper complexes [NMe4][(H2L4)Cu(X)] [X = Cl (3), OAc (4), or OH (5)], in contrast to the results of previous work on a related ligand with ortho‐phenylene linkers wherein dicopper compounds were isolated. X‐ray structures of the complexes revealed hydrogen bonding from the free carboxamide N–H groups in the doubly protonated form of the ligand (H2L42–) to the monodentate fourth ligand coordinated to the CuII ion. Similar secondary sphere hydrogen bonding interactions were identified in multinuclear compounds [NMe4]2[{(H2L4)Cu}n(CO3)] (n = 2 or 3) that were isolated from exposure of 5 to air. Cyclic voltammetry revealed oxidations of 3 and 5 at potentials about 300 mV higher than those of analogous monocopper complexes of bis(arylcarboxamido)pyridine ligands, which lack the intramolecular hydrogen bonds, consistent with removal of electron density from the metal center by the hydrogen bonding array. Another ligand variant (H4L5) with ortho‐phenylene linkers and only one bis(carboxamido)pyridine moiety yielded monocopper complexes [NMe4][(H2L5)Cu(OAc)]·DMF (8) and [NMe4][(H2L5)CuCl]·CH3CN (9), but the X‐ray structures revealed a different hydrogen bonding arrangement to the solvate molecules. Nonetheless, a high redox potential for 9 was observed, consistent with intramolecular hydrogen bonding interactions in solution.
Regioselective Mono‐ and Bis‐Sulfenylation of Active Methylene Compounds
Authors: Devi Namita , Rahaman Rajjakfur , Sarma Kuladip , Barman Pranjit 
Published: November 2015

AbstractSelective mono‐ and bis‐sulfenylation of active methylene groups with a variety of disulfides at an ambient temperature is reported. Sulfenylation is promoted by iodine as a catalyst and sulfenyl iodides as intermediates, under metal‐free conditions. The method is greener in terms of solvent selection and the use of less hazardous DMSO as an oxidant. The procedure is highly efficient with readily available starting materials, giving good to excellent yields.
Outage performance and ergodic capacity of multiuser cognitive MIMO AF relaying systems with MUS/MRT/RAS over Nakagami‐m fading channels
Authors: Jia Xiangdong , Xie Mangang , Yang Longxiang , Zhu Hongbo 
Published: November 2015

AbstractTo improve the performance of cognitive spectrum‐sharing systems and to reduce the implementation complexity of multiple antenna systems, a cognitive multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) amplify‐and‐forward relay cooperation (C‐MIMO AF‐RC) multiuser system is considered over Nakagami‐m fading channels by integrating maximum ratio transmission (MRT), multiuser selection (MUS) and receive antenna selection (RAS) techniques. In the C‐MIMO AF‐RC multiuser systems, all secondary users (SUs) are equipped with multiple antennas while the primary users (PUs), single antenna. The interested cognitive systems are investigated under the case where the systems have perfect or imperfect channel state information (CSI) of both the SUs–SUs and SUs–PUs links so that the effect of outdated CSI can be achieved. Specially, we first obtain the exact closed‐form expressions of the cumulative distribution function of end‐to‐end signal‐to‐noise ratio. Secondly, we perform a comprehensive comparison investigation on outage probability and ergodic capacity. Specially, based on moment generating function, the exact closed‐form expression of ergodic capacity is achieved. Finally, to highlight the insight of the effect of key system parameters, the high signal‐to‐noise ratio asymptotic analysis of outage probability is performed as well as diversity and coding gains, by considering the two cases where the systems have perfect or imperfect CSI of both the SUs–SUs and SUs–PUs links. The derivations clearly show that the CSI concerning SUs–PUs links only affects the coding gain, but not the diversity order. However, the CSI concerning the SUs–SUs links plays a key role on the achievable diversity order. In particular, when the CSI of SUs–SUs links is perfect, the C‐MIMO AF‐RC multiuser systems achieve the full diversity including not only MRT diversity but also MUS and RAS diversities. In contrast, when the CSI concerning secondary links is outdated, the MUS and RAS diversities disappear, and the MUS and RAS only improve coding gain. The remaining diversity is achieved through MRT.