bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between peripheral venous catheter failure and care complexity factors in emergency department: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Urbina Andrea , Juvé-Udina Maria-Eulàlia , Adamuz Jordi , González-Samartino Maribel , Jiménez-Martínez Emilio , Delgado-Hito Pilar , Romero-García Marta 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveThe objective was to determine the prevalence of peripheral venous catheter (PVC) failure and its association with care complexity individual factors (CCIFs) in emergency department (ED) patients.DesignA cross-sectional, descriptive-correlational study was performed.MethodsAll patients with a PVC inserted in the ED of a tertiary hospital were included. The period of study was from June 2021 to June 2022. The main outcomes were PVC failure (phlebitis, extravasation/infiltration, dysfunction/occlusion and dislodgement/involuntary withdrawal) and 26 CCIFs categorised into 5 domains (psycho-emotional, mental-cognitive, sociocultural, developmental and comorbidity/complications). Other secondary variables were also collected, such as level of triage or nursing care plan. All data were collected retrospectively from the electronic health records. A descriptive and inferential analysis was performed.ResultsA total of 35 968 patients with one or more PVC inserted during their ED visit were included in the study. The prevalence of PVC failure was 0.9% (n=316). The statistically significant CCIFs associated with PVC failure were: incontinence, haemodynamic instability, transmissible infection, vascular fragility, anxiety and fear, impaired adaptation, consciousness disorders, lack of caregiver support and agitation. In addition, we identified that patients with a higher number of CCIFs were more frequently experienced PVC failure.ConclusionThis study identified a prevalence of PVC failure in the ED of around 1%. The most prevalent complication was dysfunction, followed by extravasation and dislodgement. In addition, PVC failure was associated with comorbidity/complications, psycho-emotional and mental-cognitive CCIFs domains.
Correlation of programmed death-ligand 1 expression in tumour cells between diagnostic small biopsies performed by radial EBUS and surgical specimens of peripheral lung cancer
Authors: Lachkar Samy , Gervereau Diane , Loïc Perrot , De Marchi Marielle , Morisse Helene , Dantoing Edouard , Piton Nicolas , Thiberville Luc , Salaün Mathieu , Guisier Florian 
Published: October 2024

Background and objectiveExpression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in tumour cells (TCs) is predictive of immunotherapy efficacy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Small biopsy samples collected by bronchoscopy are often used to diagnose peripheral lung cancer. It is questionable whether these small samples from radial endobronchial ultrasonography (r-EBUS) procedures are representative of PD-L1 expression in TCs.MethodsWe retrieved data of consecutive patients who had surgery for NSCLC and previous r-EBUS biopsy sampling, from 2017 to 2019 in our centre. PD-L1 expression in tumour cells was categorised as <1%, 1%–49% and ≥50%. PD-L1 expression was compared between r-EBUS samples and surgical specimens.ResultsAmong 1026 patients who had r-EBUS, 521 had a diagnosis of lung cancer on r-EBUS sample. PD-L1 testing was indicated in 356 cases and results were considered contributive in 325 cases (91%). 82 patients with PD-L1 expression in r-EBUS samples had subsequent surgical resection of the nodule and were included in the study. PD-L1 expression was identical between r-EBUS samples and surgical specimens in 67% of cases, with kappa 0.44 (p<0.001). 82% of patients with PD-L1≥50% in surgical specimens were identified in r-EBUS samples. Nonetheless, 31% of patients with no PD-L1 expression in r-EBUS samples had some expression in surgical specimens.ConclusionSmall samples obtained by r-EBUS are adequate for assessment of PD-L1 expression in tumour cells, with moderate concordance compared to surgical specimens. Reassessment of PD-L1 expression in larger samples may be useful to guide therapy in patients with no PD-L1 expression in r-EBUS samples.
Influence of procedural timing on the preventive yield of percutaneous patent foramen ovale closure
Authors: Jerónimo Adrián , Nombela-Franco Luis , Simal Patricia , Freixa Xavier , Cerrato Enrico , Cruz-Gonzalez Ignacio , Dueñas Guillermo , Veiga-Fernandez Gabriela , Goncalves-Ramirez Luis Renier , Garcia-Blas Sergio , Fernández-Revuelta Ana , Cepas-Guillén Pedro , Tomassini Francesco , Lopez-Tejero Sergio , Gonzalez-Manzanares Rafael , De la Torre Hernandez Jose M , Perez de Prado Armando , Valero Ernesto , Gabani Rami , Travieso Alejandro , de Agustín Jose Alberto , Tirado Gabriela , Jimenez-Quevedo Pilar , Salinas Pablo 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundThe benefit of patent foramen ovale closure (PFOC) ≤9 months after a cryptogenic stroke has been demonstrated in several randomised clinical trials. There is, however, insufficient data to support PFOC in non-recent cryptogenic strokes.AimsThe objective of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of PFOC in relation to the time since the patient’s most recent cryptogenic cerebrovascular event (CVE) or systemic embolism (SE).MethodsWe conducted a multicentre, retrospective cohort study with international participation, to assess the results of an early closure (EC, <9 months) for secondary prevention versus a delayed closure (DC, ≥9 months). Recurrence of CVE/SE following PFOC was evaluated as the primary endpoint.Results496 patients were included (65% in the EC and 35% in the DC group). With the exception of a larger defect size in the DC group (tunnel width 6 (4–14) vs 12 (6–16) mm, p=0.005), similar clinical and echocardiographic baseline features were observed between the groups. No differences were observed regarding the type of devices used for PFOC, procedural success rate (99.4 in EC vs 98.8% DC group) and periprocedural complications (2.1% vs 0.8%). Median follow-up was 2.0 (1.2–4.2) years in the whole study population. Recurrence of CVE/SE (3.9% vs 2.6%, p=0.443), death (1.4% vs 1.0%, p=0.697), residual shunt 12 months after PFOC, or antithrombotic treatment strategy were comparable in both groups during follow-up. A subanalysis comparing very delayed PFOC (≥24 months) also showed no differences in recurrence (4.2% in the <24-month vs 3.4% in the ≥24-month group, p=0.770).ConclusionPatients undergoing PFOC before and after 9 months after the index event had a comparable recurrence rate of CVE/SE. These findings suggest that PFOC might be recommended in cryptogenic CVE/SE which are more remote than 9 months.
Investigating the optical bistability of pure spheroidal nanoinclusions in passive and active host matrices
Authors: Getachew Shewa , Berga Girma 
Published: October 2024

The study examined the effects of the depolarization factor ( L) and the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric function of the host matrix (εh) on the local field enhancement factor and optical bistability of pure spheroidal nanoinclusions with both passive and active host matrices. By solving the Laplace equation in the quasi-static limit, we derived expressions for the electric potentials of the pure spheroidal nanoinclusions. We then incorporated L and the Lorentz–Drude model into these expressions to derive the equation for the enhancement factor in the core of the spheroidal nanoinclusions. The results show that, regardless of whether L varies or remains constant, the pure spheroidal nanoinclusions exhibit only one set of enhancement factor peaks, independent of whether the host matrix is passive or active. However, for the same increase in εh, the enhancement factor intensities of the pure metal spheroidal nanoinclusions are higher when the host matrix is active compared to when it is passive. The number and intensities of the enhancement factor peaks, as well as the optical bistability of the pure spheroidal nanoinclusions, vary significantly depending on whether the core is made of a passive or active dielectric material. Furthermore, by adjusting parameters such as L and the real and imaginary parts of the host matrices, we were able to achieve tunable enhancement factors and optical bistability, which could be useful for applications in optical sensing, nonlinear optics, and quantum optics.
Equilibria and the protomodel of the Sun’s atmosphere by Karl Schwarzschild in hindsight
Authors: Koza Július 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe concepts of radiative and adiabatic equilibria, introduced by Karl Schwarzschild in his seminal paper Ueber das Gleichgewicht der Sonnenatmosphäre published in January 1906, are the founding blocks of the theory of radiative transfer, stellar structure, and solar physics. Careful reading of the paper and its later English translation reveals small formal inaccuracies and ambiguities but with no consequences whatsoever for the final outcomes and conclusions. This paper offers their adjustments with respective derivations using contemporary formalism and sets Schwarzschild’s paper in context with a historical and modern perspective. Particular attention is paid to Schwarzschild’s largely forgotten limb-darkening formula for adiabatic equilibrium. The paper also reproduces Schwarzschild’s radiative equilibrium protomodel of the Sun’s atmosphere in graphical form and compares it with modern models presented in some of the most cited papers in stellar and solar physics.
Bifurcation analysis of Van der Pol–Mathieu equation for the dust grain charge with regularized (κ)-distributed electron-ion
Authors: Shahein R. A. , Al-Raddadi A. A. 
Published: October 2024

This paper presents a novel viewpoint on nonlinear dust-acoustic waves (DAWs) in an unmagnetized collisionless plasma containing regularized [Formula: see text] distributed electrons and ions (ei) and negative dust grain. The nonlinear oscillatory system based on hybridization of the Van der Pol–Mathieu equation (VdPME) is derived by a new technique. By bifurcation analysis of the planar dynamical system (DS), the effects of parameters with the assistance of phase planes and time series of VdPME are studied. After analyzing the equation to identify the resonance region, a fourth-order Runge–Kutta method is used to solve it numerically. We explained the behavior of DA periodic, stable limit cycle, and chaotic limit cycle wave solutions with different parameters. These types of numerical solutions are illustrated in two-dimensional and three-dimensional graphics by changing the rate at which charged dust grain is produced [Formula: see text], as well as waste [Formula: see text] and comparing the results with those of earlier research. A novel bifurcation analysis of VdPE and VdPME is obtained with the effects of the cut-off factor [Formula: see text] of regularized [Formula: see text]-distribution (RKD) distributed ei, the superthermality of ei particles [Formula: see text], the ratio of ion to electron temperature [Formula: see text], and the ratio of dust to electron density [Formula: see text] illustrated. It is noticed that the DAW shows promotion in width and amplitude as the frequency [Formula: see text] increases and it becomes rarefaction as the cut-off parameter [Formula: see text] increases. On the contrary, it becomes compressive under the impact of superthermality [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. The obtained conclusions may help explain and comprehend a variety of applications in experimental plasma containing highly energy regularized [Formula: see text] dispersed ei, as well as in the interstellar medium.
Cardiac Metabolic Stress During Ischemia and Reperfusion in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery Using Either Calafiore or Modified Del Nido Cardioplegic Solutions
Authors: Massa Abd Alhade , Izzat Ahmad Walid , Saadoun Rakan , Izzat Mohammad Bashar 
Published: October 2024

Objective: Calafiore and modified del Nido cardioplegic solutions are currently being used during coronary artery bypass surgery. This study aims to compare myocardial ischemic stress associated with both solutions by studying the changes in cardiac metabolites during cardioplegic ischemic arrest and early reperfusion.Methods: Biopsy specimens were taken from the left ventricles of 20 patients undergoing routine coronary artery bypass grafting using Calafiore or modified del Nido cardioplegic solutions. Biopsies were taken immediately after the beginning of extracorporeal circulation (basal biopsy), 30 min after application of the aortic cross‐clamp (ischemic biopsy), and 20 min following the removal of aortic cross‐clamp (reperfusion biopsy) and were analyzed for their amino acid and lactic acid contents using amino acid analyzer and appropriate kits. Peripheral blood samples were also collected for the determination of blood concentrations of cardiac proteins (CK‐MB and troponin I) using an immunofluorescence scanner.Results: Both CK‐MB and troponin I increased significantly 12 h postoperatively and were associated with an increase in myocardial lactic acid, but there were no significant differences in markers of myocardial injury between the two groups. Comparison of amino acid concentrations between the two groups according to sampling time showed that glutamic acid concentrations were significantly lower in the Calafiore cardioplegia group compared to the del Nido cardioplegia group, but there were no other significant differences in markers of metabolic stress (taurine and alanine/glutamate ratio) between the two groups. Moreover, there were no significant differences in changes in amino acid concentrations regardless of the type of cardioplegic solution used.Conclusions: Cardioplegic ischemic arrest and early reperfusion are associated with a rise in myocardial metabolic stress. Both Calafiore and modified del Nido cardioplegic solutions are effective in attenuating myocardial substrate derangements and confer equal myocardial protection during routine coronary artery bypass surgery.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT06287372
Impact of COVID‐19 on the Participation of Iranian Adolescents in Daily Life: Development and Validation of the IAPAT‐C Tool
Authors: Joveini Ghodsiyeh , Lajevardi Laleh , Khalafbeigi Mitra , Hasani Mehraban Afsoon , Zareiyan Armin 
Published: October 2024

Background and Purpose: The present study is aimed at evaluating the effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic on Iranian adolescents’ participation in various domains of life. The electronic version of the Iranian Adolescent Participation Assessment Tool‐COVID‐19 (IAPAT‐C) was developed and validated for this purpose.Methods: This study was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, the electronic version of the IAPAT‐C was developed and validated through a methodological study involving five stages: content validity review, cognitive interviews, item analysis, structural validity assessment using confirmatory factor analysis, and reliability analysis. The tool was adapted from the previously validated IAPAT and revalidated for this study. In the second phase, the effects of COVID‐19 on adolescents’ participation were evaluated using a longitudinal one group before and after comparative design. The study involved 654 adolescents aged 13–18, and the data were analyzed using SPSS19 and G ∗Power 3 software.Results: The IAPAT‐C evaluates the participation of Iranian adolescents in 54 daily life activities before and after the COVID‐19 pandemic. It utilizes a 5‐point Likert scale and was validated through an expert panel review for content validity. Additionally, cognitive interviews with six adolescents confirmed its comprehensibility, relevance, and comprehensiveness. Item analysis, based on data from 38 participants, demonstrated strong interitem correlations (0.6–0.94) and excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha > 0.7). The tool’s structural validity was supported by confirmatory factor analysis, which showed that the measurement model was a good fit. Convergent and discriminant validity of model constructs were also confirmed. Notably, COVID‐19 significantly impacted all aspects of adolescents’ lives, except for work.Conclusion: The electronic version of the IAPAT‐C was valid and reliable. COVID‐19 significantly affected various aspects of Iranian adolescents’ daily lives. Accordingly, it is necessary to provide appropriate interventions and policies for this sensitive class.
Sellar Schwannoma Masquerading as Giant Pituitary Adenoma: A Diagnostic Challenge
Authors: Alkhaibary Ali , Alotaibi Norah Mohammad , Albattah Ghaida Abdullah , Alotaibi Rahaf , AlSufiani Fahd , Aloraidi Ahmed 
Published: October 2024

Background: Schwannomas are well‐encapsulated, solitary tumors that grow slowly from the nerve sheath. Sellar schwannomas tend to be mistaken for other sellar/parasellar lesions due to similar clinical and radiological findings. The present article describes the clinical presentation, radiological findings, histopathological features, and outcome of a patient with sellar schwannoma.Case Description: A 23‐year‐old female, known to have hypothyroidism secondary to Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, presented with multiple episodes of galactorrhea, weight gain, and irregular menstrual cycle for 8 months. It was associated with decreased visual acuity and episodic headaches. Neurological examination revealed no focal deficits. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a well‐defined lobulated lesion in the sellar region, compressing the right optic nerve and optic chiasm. The patient underwent craniotomy and tumor resection. The histopathological sections were diagnostic of schwannoma. Postoperatively, the patient noted a subjective improvement in her visual acuity. She was discharged in stable condition with regular follow‐ups at neurosurgery, endocrine, and ophthalmology clinics.Conclusion: Schwannoma of the sellar region is rare and can be misdiagnosed as pituitary adenomas. Preoperative hormonal profile and meticulous neuroradiological assessment narrow down the differential diagnosis for patients with sellar lesions. The diagnosis of sellar schwannomas is established with histopathology and immunohistochemistry results.
Bacterial Analysis of the Whole Blood in Chinese Healthy Donors Using 16S rDNA–Targeted Metagenomic Sequencing
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , He Yanmin , Chen Chen , Hu Wei , He Ji , Ying Yanling , Zhu Faming 
Published: October 2024

Background: The presence of bacteria in the blood of healthy individuals remains controversial. This study explored the comprehensive bacterial profiles and specific biomarkers in different components of healthy Chinese blood donors.Methods: A total of 5230 whole blood (WB) specimens were collected. Among them, 5200 random samples were pooled into 26 mixed samples for bacterial profile analysis. The remaining 30 random samples were divided into 4 groups based on components: WB, plasma, red blood cells (RBCs), and buffy coat (BC). Subsequently, the amplicons of the bacterial 16S rDNA V3–V4 fragments were sequenced to measure the diversity and composition of the bacteria using next‐generation sequencing.Results: The bacterial DNAs in the blood primarily originated from the Proteobacteria phylum. A total of 301 species of bacterial DNA were found in blood specimens, with 46 species being present among all groups. A significantly higher abundance of bacterial DNA was found in the plasma and RBCs compared to those in BC and WB. However, the plasma and RBC groups showed significantly higher species diversity and richness compared to the BC and WB groups. In addition, the WB group had a significantly different community structure and composition compared to the plasma and RBC groups but was similar to the BC group.Conclusion: The presence of bacterial DNA fragments was confirmed in blood from healthy Chinese donors. The bacterial DNA fragments enriched in plasma showed the highest diversity, followed by RBC, WB, and BC. These results provide a foundation for further research on the microbiome in the blood of healthy individuals.
Replication Stress Is an Actionable Genetic Vulnerability in Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumors
Authors: Kawai-Kawachi Asuka , Lenormand Madison M. , Astier Clémence , Herbel Noé , Cutrona Meritxell B. , Ngo Carine , Garrido Marlène , Eychenne Thomas , Dorvault Nicolas , Bordelet Laetitia , Song Feifei , Bouyakoub Ryme , Loktev Anastasia , Romo-Morales Antonio , Henon Clémence , Colmet-Daage Léo , Vibert Julien , Drac Marjorie , Brough Rachel , Schwob Etienne , Martella Oliviano , Pinna Guillaume , Shipley Janet M. , Mittnacht Sibylle , Zimmermann Astrid , Gulati Aditi , Mir Olivier , Le Cesne Axel , Faron Matthieu , Honoré Charles , Lord Christopher J. , Chabanon Roman M. , Postel-Vinay Sophie 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is an aggressive sarcoma subtype that is driven by the EWS–WT1 chimeric transcription factor. The prognosis for DSRCT is poor, and major advances in treating DSRCT have not occurred for over two decades. To identify effective therapeutic approaches to target DSRCT, we conducted a high-throughput drug sensitivity screen in a DSRCT cell line assessing chemosensitivity profiles for 79 small-molecule inhibitors. DSRCT cells were sensitive to PARP inhibitors (PARPi) and ataxia–telangiectasia and Rad3–related inhibitors (ATRi), as monotherapies and in combination. These effects were recapitulated using multiple clinical PARPi and ATRi in three biologically distinct, clinically relevant models of DSRCT, including cell lines, a patient-derived xenograft–derived organoid model, and a cell line–derived xenograft mouse model. Mechanistically, exposure to a combination of PARPi and ATRi caused increased DNA damage, G2–M checkpoint activation, micronuclei accumulation, replication stress, and R-loop formation. EWS–WT1 silencing abrogated these phenotypes and was epistatic with exogenous expression of the R-loop resolution enzyme RNase H1 in reversing sensitivity to PARPi and ATRi monotherapies. The combination of PARPi and ATRi also induced EWS–WT1–dependent cell-autonomous activation of the cyclic GMP–AMP synthase–stimulator of IFN genes innate immune pathway and cell-surface expression of PD-L1. Taken together, these findings point toward a role for EWS–WT1 in generating R-loop–dependent replication stress that leads to a targetable vulnerability, providing a rationale for the clinical assessment of PARPi and ATRi in DSRCT.
Significance: EWS–WT1, the unique oncogenic driver of desmoplastic small round cell tumors, confers sensitivity to PARP and ATR inhibitors, supporting the potential of these drugs in treating patients with this aggressive sarcoma subtype.