bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medialization Laryngoplasty in the Elderly: Outcomes and Expectations
Authors: Bowen Andrew Jay , Huang Tiffany L. , Benninger Michael S. , Bryson Paul C. 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveTo describe the profile and outcomes of elderly patients undergoing medialization laryngoplasty for vocal cord paralysis.Study DesignCase series with retrospective review.SettingTertiary care hospital.Subjects and MethodsPatients were included in the study if they were >65 years old at the time of medialization laryngoplasty between 2008 and 2015. Patient comorbidities, anticoagulation status, disease etiology, and physical examination findings were recorded with postoperative length of stay, complications, pre‐ and posttreatment voice outcomes with the Voice Handicap Index (at 6 weeks, 4 months, 8 months, and 1 year), and postprocedural interventions (revision injections, surgery, therapy).ResultsA total of 112 patients met the eligibility criteria. Iatrogenic injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve (50%) was the most common etiology, followed by idiopathic (31%) causes. Sixty percent of patients were receiving long‐term antiplatelet and/or anticoagulation therapy. All but 14 patients on aspirin therapy stopped their antiplatelet/anticoagulation therapy prior to surgery. Most patients were discharged on the day of surgery. Postprocedure Voice Handicap Index scores significantly improved (P <. 001) by 47%, 53%, 64%, and 57% at each of the 4 measured postprocedure dates, respectively. Two patients had major nonsurgical complications postoperatively requiring inpatient hospitalization. Chi‐square analysis revealed no differences between intraoperative aspirin use, sex, or comorbidities and the incidence of complications (P >. 05).ConclusionThe clinical profile and outcomes of our patients undergoing medialization laryngoplasty are comparable to those seen in younger cohorts. Medialization laryngoplasty is a safe and successful option for elderly patients with vocal cord paralysis and vocal handicap.
The efficacy of interactive, motion capture-based rehabilitation on functional outcomes in an inpatient stroke population: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Cannell John , Jovic Emelyn , Rathjen Amy , Lane Kylie , Tyson Anna M , Callisaya Michele L , Smith Stuart T , Ahuja Kiran DK , Bird Marie-Louise 
Published: July 2017

Objective: To compare the efficacy of novel interactive, motion capture-rehabilitation software to usual care stroke rehabilitation on physical function. Design: Randomized controlled clinical trial. Setting: Two subacute hospital rehabilitation units in Australia. Participants: In all, 73 people less than six months after stroke with reduced mobility and clinician determined capacity to improve. Interventions: Both groups received functional retraining and individualized programs for up to an hour, on weekdays for 8–40 sessions (dose matched). For the intervention group, this individualized program used motivating virtual reality rehabilitation and novel gesture controlled interactive motion capture software. For usual care, the individualized program was delivered in a group class on one unit and by rehabilitation assistant 1:1 on the other. Main measures: Primary outcome was standing balance (functional reach). Secondary outcomes were lateral reach, step test, sitting balance, arm function, and walking. Results: Participants (mean 22 days post-stroke) attended mean 14 sessions. Both groups improved (mean (95% confidence interval)) on primary outcome functional reach (usual care 3.3 (0.6 to 5.9), intervention 4.1 (−3.0 to 5.0) cm) with no difference between groups ( P = 0.69) on this or any secondary measures. No differences between the rehabilitation units were seen except in lateral reach (less affected side) ( P = 0.04). No adverse events were recorded during therapy. Conclusion: Interactive, motion capture rehabilitation for inpatients post stroke produced functional improvements that were similar to those achieved by usual care stroke rehabilitation, safely delivered by either a physical therapist or a rehabilitation assistant.
Short-term complications for percutaneous ultrasound-guided biopsy of renal masses in adult outpatients
Authors: Rasmussen Lars René , Loft Martina , Nielsen Tommy Kjærgaard , Bjødstrup Jensen Marie , Høyer Søren , Hørlyck Arne , Graumann Ole 
Published: July 2017

Background Ultrasound-guided percutaneous kidney tumor biopsy (UGPKB) plays an important role in the diagnosis of renal tumor but there are no consensuses with respect to the length and the extend of the post-biopsy observation period. Purpose To assess the short-term complication rate after UGPKB and to evaluate whether the onset of complications allows for the procedure to be performed in an outpatient setting with same-day discharge. Material and Methods Between March 2012 and March 2014, a total of 287 UGPKB were performed in an outpatient setting at a Danish university referral center. All patient records were retrospectively reviewed and post-biopsy complications as well as biochemical parameters were registered. Results The overall complication rate was 3.8% (11 patients). Major complications occurred in 1.0% of all cases (three patients); one patient with ongoing bleeding that required intervention and two patients with septicemia. Minor complications occurred in 2.8% of cases (eight patients); six patients with self-limiting gross hematuria, one patient with small asymptomatic subcapsular hematoma, and one patient with vasovagal syncope. The timing of both minor and major complication onset ranged from the time of biopsy and up to four days after discharge. Conclusion UGPKB of indeterminate renal masses in adult patients in an outpatient setting appears to be a safe procedure with a very low rate of major complications. Same-day discharge after renal mass biopsy seems feasible.
A Neuropathy in Goats Caused by Experimental Coyotillo (Karwinskia humboldtiana) Poisoning
Authors: Charlton K. M. , Pierce K. R. 
Published: July 2017

The sequential development of the lesions in the peripheral nervous systems of 22 goats poisoned with daily oral doses of ground coyotillo fruits was studied. Studies of teased fibers revealed swelling of Schwann cells, clefts in the myelin sheath, segmental demyelination, remyelination, Wallerian degeneration, and regeneration. A few fibers had a large globular or ovoid swelling in a transitional zone between a region undergoing segmental demyelination at one end and Wallerian degeneration at the other end. These distended transitional zones were the sites of intense acid phosphatase activity in axons. These histologic studies indicate that the primary lesion occurred in Schwann cells and resulted in swelling of Schwann cells, clefts in the myelin sheath, and segmental demyclination. The sequence of development of the lesions suggests that axonal degeneration were secondary to Schwann-cell injury.
Triggering trigeminal neuralgia
Authors: Di Stefano Giulia , Maarbjerg Stine , Nurmikko Turo , Truini Andrea , Cruccu Giorgio 
Published: July 2017

Introduction Although it is widely accepted that facial pain paroxysms triggered by innocuous stimuli constitute a hallmark sign of trigeminal neuralgia, very few studies to date have systematically investigated the role of the triggers involved. In the recently published diagnostic classification, triggered pain is an essential criterion for the diagnosis of trigeminal neuralgia but no study to date has been designed to address this issue directly. In this study, we set out to determine, in patients with trigeminal neuralgia, how frequently triggers are present, which manoeuvres activate them and where cutaneous and mucosal trigger zones are located. Methods Clinical characteristics focusing on trigger factors were collected from 140 patients with trigeminal neuralgia, in a cross-sectional study design. Results Provocation of paroxysmal pain by various trigger manoeuvres was reported by 136 of the 140 patients. The most frequent manoeuvres were gentle touching of the face (79%) and talking (54%). Trigger zones were predominantly reported in the perioral and nasal region. Conclusion This study confirms that in trigeminal neuralgia, paroxysmal pain is associated with triggers in virtually all patients and supports the use of triggers as an essential diagnostic feature of trigeminal neuralgia.
Equivalent Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Scores 12 and 24 Months After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Results From the Swedish National Knee Ligament Register
Authors: Samuelsson Kristian , Magnussen Robert A. , Alentorn-Geli Eduard , Krupic Ferid , Spindler Kurt P. , Johansson Christer , Forssblad Magnus , Karlsson Jón 
Published: July 2017

Background: It is not clear whether Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) results will be different 1 or 2 years after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Purpose: To investigate within individual patients enrolled in the Swedish National Knee Ligament Register whether there is equivalence between KOOS at 1 and 2 years after primary ACL reconstruction. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: This cohort study was based on data from the Swedish National Knee Ligament Register during the period January 1, 2005, through December 31, 2013. The longitudinal KOOS values for each individual at the 1- and 2-year follow-up evaluations were assessed through the two one-sided test (TOST) procedure with an acceptance criterion of 4. Subset analysis was performed with patients classified by sex, age, graft type, and type of injury (meniscal and/or cartilage injury). Results: A total of 23,952 patients were eligible for analysis after exclusion criteria were applied (10,116 women, 42.2%; 13,836 men, 57.8%). The largest age group was between 16 and 20 years of age (n = 6599; 27.6%). The most common ACL graft was hamstring tendon (n = 22,504; 94.0%), of which the combination of semitendinosus and gracilis was the most common. A total of 7119 patients reported on the KOOS Pain domain at both 1- and 2-year follow-ups, with a mean difference of 0.21 (13.1 SD, 0.16 SE [90% CI, −0.05 to 0.46], P < .001). The same results were found for the other KOOS subscales: symptoms (mean difference −0.54, 14.1 SD, 0.17 SE [90% CI, −0.81 to −0.26], P < .001), activities of daily living (mean difference 0.45, 10.8 SD, 0.13 SE [90% CI, 0.24 to 0.66], P < .001), sports and recreation (mean difference −0.35, 22.7 SD, 0.27 SE [90% CI, −0.79 to 0.09], P < .001), quality of life (mean difference −0.92, 20.0 SD, 0.24 SE [90% CI, −1.31 to −0.53], P < .001), and the combined KOOS-4 score (mean difference −0.41, 14.5 SD, 0.17 SE [90% CI, −0.70 to −0.13], P < .001). Analyses within specific subsets of patients showed equivalent results between the 2 follow-up evaluations. Conclusion: Equivalent results within patients were found in KOOS values at 1- and 2-year follow-ups after ACL reconstruction. The finding was consistent across all KOOS subscales and for all evaluated subsets of patients. This result implies that there is no additional value in capturing both 1- and 2-year KOOS outcomes after ACL reconstruction. However, these findings of equivalence at 1- and 2-year endpoints do not alleviate the need for longer follow-up periods.
In Vivo Performance of a Novel, Anatomically Shaped, Total Meniscal Prosthesis Made of Polycarbonate Urethane: A 12-Month Evaluation in Goats
Authors: Vrancken Anne C.T. , Hannink Gerjon , Madej Wojciech , Verdonschot Nico , van Tienen Tony G. , Buma Pieter 
Published: July 2017

Background: Injury or loss of the meniscus generally leads to degenerative osteoarthritic changes in the knee joint. However, the treatment options for symptomatic patients with total meniscectomy are limited. Therefore, we developed a novel, anatomically shaped, total meniscal implant made of polycarbonate urethane. Purpose: To evaluate the in vivo performance of this novel total meniscal implant. The assessment particularly focused on the implant’s response to long-term physiological loading in a goat model and its chondroprotective capacity in comparison to clinically relevant controls. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Surgery was performed to the stifle joint of 26 female Saanen goats, subdivided into 4 groups: implant, allograft, total meniscectomy, and sham surgery. The sham group’s contralateral joints served as nonoperated controls. After 12 months of follow-up, investigators evaluated implant wear, deformation, and the histopathological condition of the synovium and cartilage. Results: Wear of the implant’s articulating surfaces was minimal, which was confirmed by the absence of wear particles in the synovial fluid. Implant deformation was limited. However, one implant failed by complete tearing of the posterior horn extension. No differences in cartilage histopathological condition were observed for the implant, allograft, and meniscectomy groups. However, locally, the cartilage scores for these groups were significantly worse than those of the nonoperated controls. Conclusion: Whereas this study demonstrated that the novel implant is resistant to wear and that deformation after 12 months of physiological loading is acceptable, reinforcement of the implant horns is necessary to prevent horn failure. Although the implant could not protect the cartilage from developing degenerative changes, the progression of damage was similar in the allograft group. Clinical Relevance: This novel polycarbonate urethane implant may have the potential to become an alternative treatment for symptomatic patients with total meniscectomy.
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in the Treatment of Mood Disorder: A Review and Comparison with Electroconvulsive Therapy
Authors: Hasey Gary 
Published: July 2017

Objective: To review repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) as a mode of therapy for depression. Method: The following aspects of rTMS were reviewed and compared with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT): history, basic principles, technical considerations, possible mode of action, safety, adverse effects, and effects on mood in both healthy individuals and those suffering from bipolar disorder (BD) or depression. Results: rTMS may selectively increase or decrease neuronal activity over discrete brain regions. As a result of this focused intervention with TMS, the potential for unwanted side effects is substantially reduced, compared with ECT. In open trials, rTMS and ECT are reported to be equally efficacious for patients having depression without psychosis, but the therapeutic benefits reported in double-blind sham-rTMS controlled trials are more modest. Conclusion: The antidepressant and antimanic effects of rTMS depend on technical considerations such as stimulus frequency, intensity, and magnetic coil placement, which may not yet be optimized. Biological heterogeneity among the patients treated with rTMS may also contribute to differing efficacy across clinical trials. rTMS may possess tremendous potential as a treatment for mood disorder, but this has not yet been realized. rTMS must still be regarded as an experimental intervention requiring further refinement.
Developmental Neurobiology: Implications for Pediatric Psychopharmacology
Authors: Carrey Normand 
Published: July 2017

Pediatric psychopharmacology can only be properly understood within the context of developmental neurobiology. Normal maturation of the brain is characterized by the complex anatomic, molecular, and organizational changes required for optimal adaptive functioning. In many areas of the developing nervous system, neurons, cell processes, neurotransmitters, and trophic nerve growth factors are produced in far greater numbers and in different areas than in the mature brain. Psychopathology and stressful environments can lead to enduring changes in brain structure and functioning. A few select psychopharmacological treatments are reviewed to assess their potential impact on CNS development. More clinical and basic science studies are needed to determine whether current treatments have neurotoxic or neuroprotective effects when administered over extended critical early periods of the lifespan. La psychopharmacologie pédiatrique ne peut être bien comprise que dans le contexte de la neurobiologie du développement. La maturation normale du cerveau est caractérisée par les changements anatomiques, moléculaires et organisationnels complexes nécessaires à l'apprentissage fonctionnel optimal. Dans de nombreuses zones du système nerveux en développement, les neurones, les transformations des cellules, les neurotransmetteurs et les facteurs de croissance du nerf trophique sont produits en bien plus grand nombre que dans le cerveau parvenu à maturité, et dans des secteurs différents. La psychopathologie et les milieux stressants peuvent entraîner des changements permanents de la structure et du fonctionnement du cerveau. Quelques traitements psychopharmacologiques choisis sont examinés pour en évaluer l'effet potentiel sur le développement du système nerveux central. D'autres études cliniques et scientifiques fondamentales sont nécessaires pour déterminer si les traitements actuels ont des effets neurotoxiques ou neuroprotecteurs, lorsqu'on les administre sur une période prolongée durant les premières phases critiques de la durée de vie.
Predictors of Success and Satisfaction in the Practice of Psychiatry: A Preliminary Follow-up Study
Authors: Garfinkel Paul E , Bagby R Michael , Schuller Deborah R , Williams Charmaine C , Dickens Susan E , Dorian Barbara 
Published: July 2017

Background: Few studies have examined the predictors of psychiatrists' perceived success and personal satisfaction with their careers. The present study examines self-reported success and personal satisfaction with their careers in a cohort of psychiatrists followed for more than 20 years. Methods: A total of 29 psychiatrists, all of whom had participated in a study during their residency 21 to 24 years earlier, completed a self-report questionnaire. The first set of questions addressed the type and characteristics of their professional practice; the second set assessed aspects of their nonprofessional practice; and the third set assessed aspects of their nonprofessional, personal lifestyles. The personality traits of neuroticism and extraversion were assessed during the residency years and were used as predictors. Composite measures of self-perceived external success and personal satisfaction were computed. Regression models were constructed to determine the best predictors of these composite measures. Results: Neuroticism proved to be a significant predictor of external success but not of personal satisfaction, with higher scores predicting a lower rating of perceived external success. There were 2 practice characteristics—involvement with research and practising from an orientation other than psychoanalytic—that predicted perception of success. One personal lifestyle characteristic—the perception that one's nonprofessional life sustained professional life—also predicted perception of success. The best predictor of personal satisfaction was overall satisfaction with nonprofessional aspects of life. Conclusions: Personality, nonprofessional social support, and engaging in research are associated with greater perceived success and personal satisfaction with a career in psychiatry.
Association of QEEG Findings with Clinical Characteristics of OCD: Evidence of Left Frontotemporal Dysfunction
Authors: Tot Şenel , Özge Aynur , Çömelekoğlu Ülkü , Yazici Kemal , Bal Nilgün 
Published: July 2017

Objective: Our objectives were 1) to determine hemispheric asymmetry and regional differences on the EEGs of patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD); and 2) to investigate the effects of sex, treatment response, illness duration, and Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) scores on quantitative electroencephalographic (QEEG) measurements. Method: We recorded EEGs (12-channel) from 22 unmedicated patients with OCD but no depression and from 20 age- and sex-matched control subjects. All patients and control subjects underwent detailed neurological and psychiatric evaluations including the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and Y-BOCS. Results: QEEG revealed higher frequencies of slow-wave bands and lower frequencies of alpha activity at predominantly left frontotemporal localization in patients with OCD, compared with control subjects. Analysis of variance of QEEG parameters and clinical characteristics showed that sex had a significant effect on delta and alpha frequencies of frontotemporal areas during hyperventilation (HV). Increasing total Y-BOCS score correlated positively with increased frequencies of right parietal delta activity and decreased frequencies of right frontotemporal alpha activity during HV. A significantly increased left frontal slow-wave activity and decreased beta activity during HV in treatment responders led us to consider that frontal lobe functions were better in this group of patients. Illness duration had no important effect on QEEG. Conclusion: Patients with OCD showed important frontotemporal dysfunction, predominantly in the left hemisphere. This was particularly evident in female subjects and in treatment responders. QEEG may be beneficial in understanding the neurobiological basis of OCD.
Ecstasy and Drug Consumption Patterns: A Canadian Rave Population Study
Authors: Gross Samantha R , Barrett Sean P , Shestowsky John S , Pihl Robert O 
Published: July 2017

Objective: This study investigates the drug consumption patterns of a sample of rave attendees in the city of Montreal, Quebec, and seeks to identify the prevalence of 3,4-methylendioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and other drug use in this population. Method: We administered a self-report questionnaire to 210 respondents. For various licit and illicit substances, participants reported their age of first use, number of lifetime uses, and usage in the previous 30 days. Results: We found a significant rank order for the sequence of first use: 1) alcohol, 2) nicotine, 3) cannabis, 4) LSD, 5) psilocybin, 6) amphetamine, 7) cocaine, 8) MDMA, 9) gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), 10) ephedrine, 11) ketamine. Alcohol and cannabis were the most commonly used substances, both in cumulative number of lifetime uses and in usage in the preceding 30 days. MDMA and amphetamine were also notable as the next 2 most popular drugs for use in the preceding 30 days and in terms of those who had tried the drugs at least once. We identified a progressive rank order of experimentation, with early alcohol or cannabis use (or both) associated with the early use of all other drugs tried by more than 25% of the sample. We found MDMA and amphetamine use to be prevalent, as was general experimentation with all drugs studied, other than heroin. Conclusion: Drug consumption levels were substantial in this “rave” population, particularly with respect to recent use of MDMA, amphetamine, cannabis, and alcohol. Results also indicate that the sequence of drug experimentation in this population follows an identifiable pattern.
Evidence That Latitude is Directly Related to Variation in Suicide Rates
Authors: Davis George E , Lowell Walter E 
Published: July 2017

Objective: To use available suicide-rate data from 20 countries to see patterns and relations more clearly. Method: We obtained raw suicide rates from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) database from 1960 through 1997 and calculated averages and standard deviations. Results: There is a positive linear relation between the variation in suicide rate and geographic latitude. Conclusions: The variation in light-dark cycles is superimposed upon human mood.