bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The efficacy and safety of apremilast, etanercept and placebo in patients with moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis: 52‐week results from a phase IIIb, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial (LIBERATE)
Authors: Reich K. , Gooderham M. , Green L. , Bewley A. , Zhang Z. , Khanskaya I. , Day R.M. , Goncalves J. , Shah K. , Piguet V. , Soung J. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundApremilast, an oral, small‐molecule phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, has demonstrated efficacy in patients with moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis.ObjectiveEvaluate efficacy and safety of apremilast vs. placebo in biologic‐naive patients with moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis and safety of switching from etanercept to apremilast in a phase IIIb, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study (NCT01690299).MethodsTwo hundred and fifty patients were randomized to placebo (n = 84), apremilast 30 mg BID (n = 83) or etanercept 50 mg QW (n = 83) through Week 16; thereafter, all patients continued or switched to apremilast through Week 104. The primary efficacy endpoint was achievement of PASI‐75 at Week 16 with apremilast vs. placebo. Secondary endpoints included achievement of PASI‐75 at Week 16 with etanercept vs. placebo and improvements in other clinical endpoints vs. placebo at Week 16. Outcomes were assessed through Week 52. This study was not designed for apremilast vs. etanercept comparisons.ResultsAt Week 16, PASI‐75 achievement was greater with apremilast (39.8%) vs. placebo (11.9%; P < 0.0001); 48.2% of patients achieved PASI‐75 with etanercept (P < 0.0001 vs. placebo). PASI‐75 response was maintained in 47.3% (apremilast/apremilast), 49.4% (etanercept/apremilast) and 47.9% (placebo/apremilast) of patients at Week 52. Most common adverse events (≥5%) with apremilast, including nausea, diarrhoea, upper respiratory tract infection, nasopharyngitis, tension headache and headache, were mild or moderate in severity; diarrhoea and nausea generally resolved in the first month. No new safety or tolerability issues were observed through Week 52 with apremilast.ConclusionApremilast demonstrated significant efficacy vs. placebo at Week 16 in biologic‐naive patients with psoriasis, which was sustained over 52 weeks, and demonstrated safety consistent with the known safety profile of apremilast. Switching from etanercept to apremilast did not result in any new or clinically significant safety findings, and efficacy was maintained with apremilast through Week 52.
Factors associated with combined hand and foot eczema
Authors: Agner T. , Aalto‐Korte K. , Andersen K.E. , Foti C. , Gimenéz‐Arnau A. , Goncalo M. , Goossens A. , Le Coz C. , Diepgen T.L. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundAs for hand eczema, the aetiology of foot eczema is multifactorial and not very well understood. The aim of the present study was to identify factors associated with foot eczema in a cohort of hand eczema patients being classified into different subgroups.MethodsAssociations between foot and hand eczema were studied in a cross‐sectional design in a cohort of hand eczema patients. Consecutive patients were recruited from nine different European Centres during the period October 2011–September 2012. Data on demographic factors, presence of foot eczema, hand eczema duration and severity, and whether the hand eczema was work‐related or not were available, as well as patch‐test results.ResultsOf a total of 427 hand eczema patients identified, information on foot eczema was available in 419 patients who were included in the present study. A total of 125 patients (29.8%) had concomitant foot and hand eczema. It was found more often in association with hyperkeratotic hand eczema (P = 0.007) and was less often associated with irritant hand eczema (P < 0.001). However, foot eczema was nevertheless found in 18% of patient with irritant hand eczema and in 25% of patients with occupational hand eczema. Combined foot and hand eczema was associated with more severe and long‐standing hand eczema (P < 0.001 and P = 0.004, respectively). Contact allergy was found in 51.8% with no difference between patients with combined foot and hand eczema and patients with hand eczema only.ConclusionOccurrence of combined foot and hand eczema is a common finding and not restricted to endogenous hand eczema.
Program evaluation of neuroscience competency programs to implement evidence‐based practices
Authors: Reynolds Staci Sue , McLennon Susan M. , Ebright Patricia R. , Murray Laura L. , Bakas Tamilyn 
Published: October 2016

AbstractRationaleProgram evaluation is essential to help determine the success of an evidence‐based practice program and assist with translating these processes across settings.AimsThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of 2 competency programs that sought to improve neurocritical care nurses' knowledge of and adherence to evidence‐based stroke and spinal cord injury guidelines. These programs consisted of 3 specific implementation strategies, including local opinion leaders, printed educational materials, and educational outreach.MethodsA qualitative study using one‐on‐one interviews with 10 neurocritical care nurses was used. Semi‐structured interview questions examined the nurses' perceptions of the competency programs and the implementation strategies used; themes were identified through first‐level coding. The transcripts were deductively analyzed and categorized using a predetermined implementation outcomes framework, including the concepts of acceptability, appropriateness, adoption, and sustainability.ResultsNurses reported that the 3 implementation strategies used for the competency programs were acceptable and appropriate. Further, the nurses perceived that the evidence‐based practices reviewed during the programs were being adopted into practice and provided suggestions for sustaining improvements in nursing knowledge of and adherence to these evidence‐based practices.ConclusionsFindings from this study support the success of the Stroke and Spinal Cord Injury Competency Programs, as well as the usefulness of the 3 implementation strategies used. This study provides insight for improvements for subsequent studies focused on implementing evidence‐based practices.
Potato peels: A potential food waste for amylase production
Authors: Mushtaq Qudsia , Irfan Muhammad , Tabssum Fouzia , Iqbal Qazi Javed 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn the present study, thermophilic and amylase producing bacterium Bacillus subtilis K‐18 (KX881940) was isolated from local environment and identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology. The amylase producing potential was checked by starch hydrolysis test using potato peels as carbon source. Central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize multiple process parameters such as substrate concentration, inoculum size, yeast extract, and pH. The optimized conditions obtained from RSM model were substrate concentration (2%), inoculum size (4%), yeast extract concentration (0.6%), and pH (5) yielding amylase activity of 1394.145 IU/ml after 24 hr of fermentation period at 50 °C. The maximum saccharification by indigenously produced amylase was 32.03% after 24 hr of incubation. The results confirmed that amylase produced by this newly isolated Bacillus subtilis K‐18 (KX881940) could be potent strain for industrial process particular for biofuel production.Practical applicationThe enzyme produced in this study could be effectively used in hydrolysis of starch to produce sugars which could be widely used for the production of various chemicals such ethanol and other products through fermentation. This enzyme also has potential application in textile industry.
Effect of whey Protein Concentrate Coating Cinamon Oil on Quality and Shelf Life of Refrigerated Beluga Sturegeon (Huso huso)
Authors: Bahram Somayeh , Rezaie Masoud , Soltani Mehdi , Kamali Abdolghasem , Abdollahi Mehdi , Khezri Ahmadabad Mohammad , Nemati Mahrokh 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis study evaluated the effect of whey protein concentrate (WPC) coating incorporated with 1.5% cinnamon essential oil (CEO) on the quality of beluga sturgeon (Huso huso) fillet during refrigerated storage (4 ± 1C). Microbial, chemical, and sensorial properties of the fillets were measured for 20 days. Whey protein edible coating containing 1.5% CEO could extend preserving ability of beluga sturgeon by about 8 days by retarding lipid oxidation and microbial deterioration as reflected by Peroxide Value, Thiobarbituric acid and total viable count. Samples coated with WPC containing CEO also had the lowest pH and Total Volatile Basic Nitrogen. Moreover, the coating did not negatively affect sensory attributes of the fillets.Practical ApplicationsExtensive research has shown the potential application of natural antimicrobial agents in food preservation. But the efficiency of these materials is limited due to intense odor and aroma changes as well as organoleptic problems. One strategy to decrease their bad effects would be incorporating these compounds with edible coatings. In addition, the incorporation of essential oil (EO) with edible coatings provides additional antioxidant and antimicrobial properties in them which can extend shelf life of food. The present study reveals some information about application of an active protein based film containing cinnamon essential oil on shelf life of refrigerated Bluga sturegeon.
Behavior of artificial listerial contamination in model Greek Graviera cheeses manufactured with the indigenous nisin A‐producing strain Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris M104 as costarter culture
Authors: Samelis John , Giannou Eleni , Pappa Eleni C. , Bogović‐Matijašić Bojana , Lianou Alexandra , Parapouli Maria , Drainas Constantin 
Published: October 2016

AbstractGrowth of Listeria monocytogenes during processing of traditional Greek Graviera cheese is inhibited, but the pathogen may survive ripening. Therefore, this study used Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris M104, a nisin A‐producing (NisA+) raw milk isolate, to enhance inactivation of a nonpathogenic Listeria cocktail contaminated in model Graviera mini cheeses. Cheeses were manufactured from thermized milk with a commercial starter culture (CSC) or the CSC plus strain M104 (CSC + M104), ripened at 18 °C and 90% RH for 20 days and stored at 4 °C in vacuum for 60 days. Listeria populations declined 10‐fold in all fermenting cheeses but then survived with little death during ripening and storage. NisA+ M104 colonies were prevalent and the nisA gene was detected, but nisin activity was weak to undetectable, in all CSC + M104 cheeses. Thus, Graviera cheese processing should be optimized to ensure nisA gene expression by strain M104 at levels sufficient to increase inactivation of L. monocytogenes.Practical applicationsThis study provided important preliminary evidence that the in situ NisA+ antilisterial activity of L. lactis subsp. cremoris M104 during Graviera cheese fermentation increased by reducing the curd cooking temperature from 48 °C to 42 °C. This indicated the feasibility to increase nisin production and activity by suitably modifying selected technological factors during traditional cooked hard cheese processing. Apart from its bioprotective potential, this NisA+ L. lactis subsp. cremoris genotype (represented by the indigenous strains M104 and M78) possesses desirable sugar fermentation capabilities and enzymatic activities similar to those of the best performing industrial L. lactis or L. cremoris strains in commercial starters (Parapouli et al., ). Since 2015 this novel lactococcal genotype has been applied as hand‐made, costarter culture for the production of commercial Greek Graviera cheeses characterized by specific flavor characteristics and improved textural properties than counterpart cheeses produced with CSCs only (Pappas Bros. collaborating cheese plant, Epirus; private communication).
Use of statins offsets insulin‐related cancer risk
Authors: Kautzky‐Willer A. , Thurner S. , Klimek P. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAimThere is firm evidence of a relation between type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and increased risks of cancer at various sites, but it is still unclear how different antihyperglycaemic therapies modify site‐specific cancer risks. The aim of this study was to provide a complete characterization of all possible associations between individual T2DM therapies, statin use and site‐specific cancers in the Austrian population.MethodsMedical claims data of 1 847 051 patients with hospital stays during 2006–2007 were used to estimate age‐ and sex‐dependent co‐occurrences of site‐specific cancer diagnoses and treatment with specific glucose‐lowering drugs and statins.ResultsPatients treated with insulin or insulin secretagogues showed up to ninefold increased risks for cancers of the colon [males only (m)], liver (m), pancreas, lung (m) and brain (m), as well as a strongly decreased risk for prostate cancer (m). In patients taking statins, the risks were generally decreased, with a greater risk reduction in patients not receiving antihyperglycaemic therapies. The strongest effects were observed for use of insulin and pancreatic cancer [m: OR 4.5, 95% CI: 3.1–6.6; females (f): OR 4.2, 95% CI: 2.5–7.1], sulfonylureas (m: OR 2.8, 95% CI: 1.7–4.6; f: OR 3.0, 95% CI: 2.1–4.2) or glitazones and skin cancer (f: OR 0.54, 95% CI: 0.36–0.80), as well as metformin and cancer of the prostate (m: OR 0.82, 95% CI: 0.75–0.91) and corpus uteri (f: OR 1.7, 95% CI: 1.4–2.0) and non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (f: OR 0.76, 95% CI: 0.64–0.91).ConclusionsThe use of statins offsets insulin‐related cancer risks in patients with diabetes independently of sex and age. Overall, our data support the hyperglycaemia–cancer hypothesis. A reduction in endogenous or exogenous hyperinsulinaemia may be beneficial for cancer prevention. Therefore, insulin‐sparing and insulin‐sensitizing drugs should be the preferred treatment choices.
The Lawn Hill annulus: An Ordovician meteorite impact into water‐saturated dolomite
Authors: Darlington Vicki , Blenkinsop Tom , Dirks Paul , Salisbury Jess , Tomkins Andrew 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe Lawn Hill Impact Structure (LHIS) is located 250 km N of Mt Isa in NW Queensland, Australia, and is marked by a highly deformed dolomite annulus with an outer diameter of ~18 km, overlying low metamorphic grade siltstone, sandstone, and shale, along the NE margin of the Georgina Basin. This study provides detailed field observations from sections of the Lawn Hill annulus and adjacent areas that demonstrate a clear link between the deformation of the dolomite and the Lawn Hill impact. 40Ar‐39Ar dating of impact‐related melt particles provides a time of impact in the Ordovician (472 ± 8 Ma) when the Georgina Basin was an active depocenter. The timing and stratigraphic thickness of the dolomite sequence in the annulus suggest that there was possibly up to 300 m of additional sedimentary rocks on top of the currently exposed Thorntonia Limestone at the time of impact. The exposed annulus is remarkably well preserved, with preservation attributed to postimpact sedimentation. The LHIS has an atypical crater morphology with no central uplift. The heterogeneous target materials at Lawn Hill were probably low‐strength, porous, and water‐saturated, with all three properties affecting the crater morphology. The water‐saturated nature of the carbonate unit at the time of impact is thought to have influenced the highly brecciated nature of the annulus, and restricted melt production. The impact timing raises the possibility that the Lawn Hill structure may be a member of a group of impacts resulting from an asteroid breakup that occurred in the mid‐Ordovician (470 ± 6 Ma).
Elise Boulding's Legacy to the Twenty‐First Century: Reflections on Her Contributions to Understanding Conflict and Peace
Authors: Boulding J. Russell , Clements Kevin P. , Morrison Mary Lee , Strimling Yodsampa Andrea 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis article is a set of tributes about Elise Boulding, one of the great peace scholars and activists of the twentieth century, by four who knew her as a friend, and as mother (Russell), colleague (Kevin), biographer (Mary Lee), and mentor (Andrea). Elise Boulding, the 2000 recipient of the International Association for Conflict Management (IACM) Lifetime Achievement Award Winner, made significant contributions to understanding conflict and peace as a peace activist, peace scholar, futurist, feminist, and family sociologist. She also left a lasting legacy as a networker and builder of communities of scholars and activists. Each tribute offers a different perspective on the impact she had on the personal lives of each contributor and the significance of Elise Boulding's work.
Celebrating the Work of J. Keith Murnighan
Authors: Conlon Donald E. , Bazerman Max H. , Malhotra Deepak , Pillutla Madan M. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn this tribute to the 2015 recipient of the International Association for Conflict Management Lifetime Achievement Award Winner, we celebrate the work of J. Keith Murnighan. Each of us highlights a unique contribution of his research to a different area in the field of organizational behavior. The four areas we discuss are behavioral economics, experimental design, diversity, and ethics. We conclude our discussion of the four research areas by highlighting common themes suggested by this work. The article closes by giving Keith Murnighan “the final say” to reflect on our article and to impart his words of wisdom to doctoral students and scholars at different stages of their career.
Rumination syndrome: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment
Authors: Absah I. , Rishi A. , Talley N. J. , Katzka D. , Halland M. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundRumination syndrome is a functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by effortless and repetitive regurgitation of recently ingested food from the stomach to the oral cavity followed by either re‐swallowing or spitting. Rumination is thought to occur due to a reversal of the esophagogastric pressure gradient. This is achieved by a coordinated abdominothoracic maneuver consisting of a thoracic suction, crural diaphragm relaxation and an increase in intragastric pressure. Careful history is important in the diagnosis of rumination syndrome; patients often report “vomiting” or “reflux” and the diagnosis can therefore be missed. Objective testing is available with high resolution manometry or gastroduodenal manometry. Increase in intra‐gastric pressure followed by regurgitation is the most important characteristic to distinguish rumination from other disorders such as gastroesophageal reflux. The mainstay of the treatment of rumination syndrome is behavioral therapy via diaphragmatic breathing in addition to patient education and reassurance.PurposeThe purpose of this review was to critically appraise recent key developments in the pathophysiology, diagnosis and therapy for rumination syndrome. A literature search using OVID (Wolters Kluwer Health, New York, NY, USA) to examine the MEDLINE database its inception until May 2016 was performed using the search terms “rumination syndrome,” “biofeedback therapy,” and “regurgitation.” References lists and personal libraries of the authors were used to identify supplemental information. Articles published in English were reviewed in full text. English abstracts were reviewed for all other languages. Priority was given to evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials when possible.
The variation of productivity and its allocation along a tropical elevation gradient: a whole carbon budget perspective
Authors: Malhi Yadvinder , Girardin Cécile A. J. , Goldsmith Gregory R. , Doughty Christopher E. , Salinas Norma , Metcalfe Daniel B. , Huaraca Huasco Walter , Silva‐Espejo Javier E. , del Aguilla‐Pasquell Jhon , Farfán Amézquita Filio , Aragão Luiz E. O. C. , Guerrieri Rossella , Ishida Françoise Yoko , Bahar Nur H. A. , Farfan‐Rios William , Phillips Oliver L. , Meir Patrick , Silman Miles 
Published: October 2016

SummaryWhy do forest productivity and biomass decline with elevation? To address this question, research to date generally has focused on correlative approaches describing changes in woody growth and biomass with elevation.We present a novel, mechanistic approach to this question by quantifying the autotrophic carbon budget in 16 forest plots along a 3300 m elevation transect in Peru.Low growth rates at high elevations appear primarily driven by low gross primary productivity (GPP), with little shift in either carbon use efficiency (CUE) or allocation of net primary productivity (NPP) between wood, fine roots and canopy. The lack of trend inCUEimplies that the proportion of photosynthate allocated to autotrophic respiration is not sensitive to temperature. Rather than a gradual linear decline in productivity, there is some limited but nonconclusive evidence of a sharp transition inNPPbetween submontane and montane forests, which may be caused by cloud immersion effects within the cloud forest zone. Leaf‐level photosynthetic parameters do not decline with elevation, implying that nutrient limitation does not restrict photosynthesis at high elevations.Our data demonstrate the potential of whole carbon budget perspectives to provide a deeper understanding of controls on ecosystem functioning and carbon cycling.
The copper microRNAs
Authors: Pilon Marinus 
Published: October 2016

SummaryCopper (Cu) microRNAs are upregulated by Cu deficiency and mediate the post‐transcriptional downregulation of transcripts that encode Cu proteins, suggesting a role directly related to Cu. However, expression and phenotypic analyses of copper microRNA mutants and over‐expressors have suggested roles mainly in tolerance to abiotic stresses. To reconcile available data, a model is proposed which emphasizes the mobile nature of copper microRNA molecules in the regulation of Cu homeostasis. It is proposed that the Cu‐microRNA regulatory circuits are further co‐opted by plants to regulate both beneficial and pathogenic interactions with microbes. Further exploration of Cu‐microRNA functions that account for the cell‐to‐cell mobility should give novel insight into plant microbe interactions and the integration of micronutrition and development.

Contents

Summary
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I.
Introduction
1030

II.
The discovery of the copper microRNAs
1030

III.
Conservation and diversity of Cu‐microRNAs and their targets
1031

IV.
The expression and regulation of the Cu‐microRNAs
1031

V.
Towards biological functions of Cu‐microRNAs
1032

VI.
Integrating local Cu homeostasis and development in plants
1033

VII.
Functions of Cu‐microRNAs in biotic interactions
1034

VIII.
Conclusions
1034

Acknowledgements
1034

References
1034
The sensitivity of photosynthesis to O2 and CO2 concentration identifies strong Rubisco control above the thermal optimum
Authors: Busch Florian A. , Sage Rowan F. 
Published: October 2016

Summary

The biochemical model of C3 photosynthesis by Farquhar, von Caemmerer and Berry (FvCB) assumes that photosynthetic CO2 assimilation is limited by one of three biochemical processes that are not always easily discerned. This leads to improper assessments of biochemical limitations that limit the accuracy of the model predictions.

We use the sensitivity of rates of CO2 assimilation and photosynthetic electron transport to changes in O2 and CO2 concentration in the chloroplast to evaluate photosynthetic limitations.

Assessing the sensitivities to O2 and CO2 concentrations reduces the impact of uncertainties in the fixed parameters to a minimum and simultaneously entirely eliminates the need to determine the variable parameters of the model, such as Vcmax, J, or TP. Our analyses demonstrate that Rubisco limits carbon assimilation at high temperatures, while it is limited by triose phosphate utilization at lower temperatures and at higher CO2 concentrations.

Measurements can be assigned a priori to one of the three functions of the FvCB model, allowing testing for the suitability of the selected fixed parameters of the model. This approach can improve the reliability of photosynthesis models on scales from the leaf level to estimating the global carbon budget.