bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SCAWA scales: A new digital tool for wrinkles clinical grading based on AI
Authors: Rengot Juliette , Prestat‐Marquis Elodie , Aime Ingrid , Campos Jean‐Robert , Camel Etienne , François Ghislain 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveClinical assessment of wrinkle depth is essential for efficacy evaluations of anti‐ageing products. Standardized photographic scales, representative of different wrinkle depths are often used by experts to assign subjects reliable grades. These tools, based on real pictures, usually exist as hard copies (printed books or sheets) for in vivo gradings. Our project aims at developing a methodology to create digital standardized computer‐generated scales, allowing photograph and real‐life gradings, and providing raters with greater comfort, accessibility, and flexibility in their construction, thanks to the artificial intelligence significative contribution.MethodsA completely new approach, based on machine learning, allows the creation of Standardized ColorFace® AI‐based Wrinkle Assessment (SCAWA) scales. Instead of using real photographs, the scale images are computer‐generated. A generative adversarial network (GAN) is trained to create realistic wrinkle samples that are finely controllable by exploring the GAN latent space. Finally, the scale images are selected among hundreds of artificial images depicting natural wrinkle appearances, such as the illustrated wrinkle evolution is well‐detailed (small gaps between grades), morphologically stable, and mathematically linear according to a criterion of wrinkle conspicuous depth.ResultsThe created 12‐point scale for crow's feet wrinkle evaluation on ColorFace® pictures is proven to be realistic, linear, and robustly and accurately usable for photograph assessments. The scale coherence in terms of image ranking has been validated, as well as its reliability and acceptability in real conditions of use. Additionally, the wrinkle grades obtained by the SCAWA scale are well correlated (R = 0.94) with the ones obtained by the Skin Aging Atlas on the same pictures. The AI methodology and digital format brought also interesting side results, such as an enhanced harmonization between experts and a higher representativeness, that is, a decrease of out‐of‐range pictures.ConclusionSCAWA scale makes the most of machine learning to provide an innovative digital tool to ease wrinkles in visual assessment of pictures, while optimizing linearity, homogeneity, and accuracy aspects. The experts' enthusiastic feedback about the scale format and quality is promising regarding the adaptation of the methodology to other signs and a larger distribution of this tool in the market of cosmetic product efficacy assessment.
The effect of renal transplantation and treatment with cyclosporin A on the prevalence of Raynaud's phenomenon
Authors: Davenport A. 
Published: September 2024

The prevalence of Raynaud's syndrome was assessed in 100 consecutive renal allograft recipients treated with cyclosporin monotherapy who were then converted to prednisolone and azathioprine. Prior to transplantation 56% were symptomatic for Raynaud's, following transplantation 36% improved, but with the introduction of cyclosporin 39% developed de novo symptoms. After withdrawl of cyclosporin symptoms improved in 89%, and withdrawal was associated with an increase in glomerular filtration rate from 67±7 ml/min/1 73 m2 (mean±sem) to 79 ± 7 (p<0.05) and a reduction in plasma creatinine, from 167± 17 μmol/1 to 148 ± 11 (p<0.05) and serum bilirubin from 13±1 μmol/1 to 10±0.5 (p<0.05) and alkaline phosphatase from 13.5± 1 KAu/dl to 10.6 ± 0.6 (p<0.05). This suggests that cyclosporin not only has an effect on increasing vascular resistance in the major blood vessels but also affects the microcirculation. Nifedipine, which has been shown to reduce some of the side effects of cyclosporin, reduced the prevalence of Raynaud's following transplantation.
A randomized, placebo‐controlled trial with anti‐interleukin‐2 receptor antibody for immunosuppressive induction therapy after liver transplantation
Authors: Langrehr Jan M. , Glanemann Matthias , Guckelberger Olaf , Klupp Jochen , Neumann Ulf , Machens Christine , Lohmann Rüdiger , Knoop Michael , Lobeck Hartmut , Schlag Helmut , Keck Heinrich , Settmacher Utz , Bechstein Wolf‐Otto , Neuhaus Peter J. 
Published: September 2024

The introduction of quadruple induction therapy after liver transplantation with the murine anti‐interleukin‐2 receptor (IL‐2R) antibody (BT563) has decreased the incidence of serious side effects, such as tachycardia, hypertension, rash, fever and nausea since it does not lyse its target cell. To investigate the immunosuppressive efficacy of BT563, a placebo‐controlled trial was performed and BT563 was added to the standard triple induction after liver transplantation.Forty consecutive recipients of primary orthotopic liver transplants (OLT) (median age 47 yr [range 18‐65]) were randomized. All patients received triple immunosuppression with cyclosporine A (CyA), prednisolone (PRED) and azathioprine (AZA). In addition, 19 patients received BT563 (Biotest, Dreieich, Germany) at a dose of 10 mg/d from day 0 until day 12. The remaining 21 patients received a placebo infusion at the same days after transplantation. Minimal follow‐up for all patients was 3 yr.Patient survival at 3 yr was 74% in the BT563 group and 90% in placebo group. Similar results were observed for graft survival. Two acute rejection episodes were detected in the BT563 group and 9 acute rejections (5 steroid‐resistant) were observed in the placebo group (p< 0.034). The incidences of sepsis, pneumonia, cholangitis, urinary tract infections as well as cytomegalo‐virus (CMV) infections were similar in both groups. Side effects of the BT563 therapy and/or post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) were not detected.Quadruple induction therapy with BT563 significantly reduces the incidence of rejection episodes after liver transplantation, while infectious complications and/or PTLD is not increased. Therefore, the anti‐IL2 receptor antibody BT563 constitutes a safe and efficient addition to the immunosuppressive induction regimen following OLT.
Relative risk of post‐transplant renal thrombosis in patients with antiphospholipid antibodies1
Authors: Vaidya Smita , Wang Chu Chi , Gugliuzza Christine , Fish Jay C 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionAntiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APAS) is a condition associated with recurrent arterial and venous thrombosis, recurrent abortions, and thrombocytopenia either with or without lupus. In this study we have evaluated the impact of APAS on the renal transplant outcome of 174 patients.MethodPatients' APAS status was determined by the presence of anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA) and a history of clotting disorders. Serum samples from each patient were tested for the presence of ACA by the ELISA method. Transplant outcomes were monitored for 1 yr.ResultsOf 174 patients, 78 received renal transplants. Six of these 78 patients had APAS as evidenced by either recurrent microrenal angiopathy (2 patients), thrombocytopenia (1 patient) or frequent A‐V shunt thrombosis (3 patients) along with high titers of ACA of IgM, IgG, or both subtypes at the time of their transplants. Each of these 6 patients thrombosed their renal allografts within a week of their transplants. The other 72 transplanted patients with no APAS were all doing well ≥1 yr post‐transplant. The association between APAS and post‐transplant renal thrombosis among these patients is highly significant (p <0.0001). In contrast, no association was discerned between post‐transplant thrombosis and prior sensitization to HLAConclusionOur data demonstrates that patients with APAS are at high risk for development of post‐transplant renal thrombosis.
Limitations of pediatric donor kidneys for transplantation
Authors: Yagisawa Takashi , Kam Igal , Chan Laurence , Springer James W , Dunn Sue 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundThe shortage of grafts for kidney transplantation (Tx) has resulted in an expansion of criteria for pediatric donors. However, the limitations of pediatric donors for kidney Tx are not yet clearly established. We investigated the outcomes of recipients with pediatric kidney grafts from Colorado to elucidate the state of pediatric kidney grafts distributed in the nation and to clarify the limitations of pediatric donor kidneys for Tx.MethodsBetween January 1989 and July 1997, 675 organ donors in Colorado were utilized for Tx. Fifty‐seven of these (8.4%) were 10 yr old or younger. Thirty‐two of the 57 pediatric donors provided kidneys for 50 recipients both inside and outside Colorado. Forty‐four of the 50 recipients were followed and are available for this study.ResultsGraft survival rates were 85.6, 77.3, 71.3 and 65.4% for 1, 2, 3 to 5, and 6 yr of follow‐up, respectively. Thirteen recipients lost the grafts, including three graft losses within 2 wk, due to primary nonfunction, venous and arterial thrombosis. The mean serum creatinine value in 31 recipients with functioning grafts was 1.3±0.4 mg/dL at the time with follow‐up of 45.9±28.3 months (5‐96 months). Six grafts from 13‐month to 3‐yr‐old donors were transplanted en‐bloc and 5 of these have survived. Four of the 5 single grafts from 3 to 5‐yr‐old donors have functioned. Of the 33 grafts from donors aged 6‐10 yr. including 30 single and 3 en‐bloc grafts, 22 were still functioning. With respect to donor weight, 4 of the 5 en‐bloc grafts from donors weighting 9‐15 kg, and 6 of the 7 single and the 1 en‐bloc grafts from donors weighing 15‐20 kg were still functioning. Cold ischemic time (CIT) within 37.5 h was not associated with early graft outcome.ConclusionsThe kidneys from donors 1‐3 yr old and/or weighing 9‐15 kg could be successfully transplanted en‐bloc and those from donors more than 3 yr old and/or weighing 15 kg were best transplanted by single grafts.
Identification of diagnostic biomarkers and immune cell profiles associated with COPD integrated bioinformatics and machine learning
Authors: Zhu Zirui , Zeng Zhuo , Song Baichen , Chen Huishan , Zeng Huiqing 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis retrospective transcriptomic study leveraged bioinformatics and machine learning algorithms to identify novel gene biomarkers and explore immune cell infiltration profiles associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Utilizing an integrated analysis of metadata encompassing six gene expression omnibus (GEO) microarray datasets, 987 differentially expressed genes were identified. Further gene ontology and pathway enrichment analyses revealed the enrichment of these genes across various biological processes and pathways. Moreover, a systematic integration of two machine learning algorithms along with pathway‐gene correlations identified six candidate biomarkers, which were validated in a separate cohort comprising six additional microarray datasets, ultimately identifying ADD3 and GNAS as diagnostic biomarkers for COPD. Subsequently, the diagnostic efficacy of ADD3 and GNAS was assessed, and the impact of their expression levels on overall survival was further evaluated and quantified in the validation cohort. Examination of immune cell subtype infiltration found increased proportions of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, resting and activated NK cells, along with decreased M0 and M2 macrophages, in COPD versus control samples. Correlation analyses also uncovered significant associations between ADD3 and GNAS expression and infiltration of various immune cell types. In conclusion, this study elucidates crucial COPD diagnostic biomarkers and immune cell profiles which may illuminate the immunopathological drivers of COPD progression, representing personalized therapeutic targets warranting further investigation.
Out of Sight, Out of Mind? UK–EU Member States Bilateralism as an Enabler of Europeanisation
Authors: Wolff Sarah , Carrapico Helena , Piquet Agathe 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWhilst an extensive scholarship has questioned the role of the United Kingdom in multilateral and mini‐lateral venues, less attention has been devoted to the signature of 24 bilateral declarations between the United Kingdom and EU member states from 2021 to 2023. Bilateralism has indeed been one of the preferred UK strategies to achieve foreign policy co‐ordination with EU member states post‐Brexit. Questioning the intentionality of the United Kingdom in initiating and investing these arrangements, we find that despite the clear attempts to deEUise its foreign policy, we are also not witnessing purposes of de‐Europeanisation that would imply a repudiation of European shared values, a divergence from common priorities and an end to social encounters between UK and EU member states' officials. Instead, through a frame analysis of these declarations and interviews, we highlight that bilateralism has enabled continued Europeanisation, even though to a lesser extent in comparison with the pre‐Brexit situation. Closer relations with European capitals are thus enabling Europeanisation of UK foreign policy to persist. In other words, we conclude that whilst there has been, on the side of the United Kingdom, a repudiation of the EU as a political entity, there has been no rejection of common European values and priorities, which remain shared with EU member states.
Neonatal diabetes mellitus around the world: Update 2024
Authors: Barbetti Fabrizio , Deeb Asma , Suzuki Shigeru 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNeonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM), defined as diabetes with an onset during the first 6 months of life, is a rare form of monogenic diabetes. The initial publications on this condition began appearing in the second half of the 1990s and quite surprisingly, the search for new NDM genes is still ongoing with great vigor. Between 2018 and early 2024, six brand new NDM‐genes have been discovered (CNOT1, FICD, ONECUT1, PDIA6, YIPF5, ZNF808) and three genes known to cause different diseases were identified as NDM‐genes (EIF2B1, NARS2, KCNMA1). In addition, NDM cases carrying mutations in three other genes known to give rise to diabetes during childhood have been also identified (AGPAT2, BSCL2, PIK3R1). As a consequence, the list of NDM genes now exceeds 40. This genetic heterogeneity translates into many different mechanism(s) of disease that are being investigated with state‐of‐the‐art methodologies, such as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) and human embryonic stem cells (hESC) manipulated with the CRISPR technique of genome editing. This diversity in genetic causes and the pathophysiology of diabetes dictate the need for a variety of therapeutic approaches. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview on recent achievements in all aspects of this area of research.
The ethics of performance care: A pragmatic feminist analysis of policy for singing voice rehabilitation
Authors: Brown Jenna 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionThis paper uses pragmatic feminist poststructuralism to explore how ethical theory is applied to singing voice rehabilitation by specialist singing teachers.MethodsA critical literature review examines the relationship between traditional and feminist ethical theories and their potential impact on practice. Themes have been extracted from the literature to create an intersectional feminist poststructural analysis framework, facilitating a document analysis of the foundations of three policy documents currently available to singing voice rehabilitation specialists. Poststructural deconstructivism was applied to thematic analysis to consider the impact of ethical theories on policy and practice.FindingsPolicies we found to be rooted in traditional enlightenment ethics, with a focus on hyper‐rationality, androcentrism and legalism. Person‐centred care ethics was found to be lacking in all documents. Contrary to best‐practice recommendations documents failed to provided practical guidelines for practitioners.ConclusionFindings indicate adopting an intersectional feminist ethical policy could improve existing documents via a move from legislation and authority towards care and reflexivity.
The interplay of negative urgency and cognitive reappraisal in couples' communication conflict
Authors: Poole Emma J. , Broos Hannah C. , Timpano Kiara R. , Doss Brian D. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLittle is known about the individual factors that potentiate communication conflict in romantic relationships. This study examined the main and interactive effects of two types of emotion regulation in 1240 couples enrolled in an online relationship intervention. Results revealed that higher levels of actors' communication conflict were associated with actors' greater negative urgency and lower cognitive reappraisal. Furthermore, actors' cognitive reappraisal acted as an inhibitor of communication conflict, but only for actors with low levels of negative urgency. Partner effects on perceived actor conflict followed a similar pattern. There was no evidence that the emotion regulation of one partner moderated the effect of the emotion regulation of the other. These results highlight the importance of considering the contribution of couples' emotion regulation in the etiology of their communication conflict and selecting interventions that best match their emotion regulation needs.
Oral feeding practices in medically complex infants receiving prolonged high‐flow nasal cannula support: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Cox Emily , Chawla Jasneek , Moore Madison , Schilling Sandra , Cameron Miriam , Clarke Sally , Johnstone Chelsea , Marshall Jeanne 
Published: September 2024

AimTo characterise the feeding profile and care pathway for infants receiving prolonged high‐flow nasal cannula (HFNC) respiratory support for management of a chronic condition at one facility from January to December 2021.MethodsData regarding medical history, HFNC admission details (reason for HFNC, HFNC duration, flow rate), feeding outcomes and speech pathology care were collected from electronic records of HFNC‐dependent infants (requiring HFNC ≥2–3 L/kg for ≥5 consecutive days). Infants with acute respiratory conditions (e.g. bronchiolitis) were excluded.ResultsThis study included 24 participants (median corrected age at admission 5.3 weeks, range −6 to 18.6). Of these, 15 (60%) had a condition/s that affected more than one body system (e.g. congenital diaphragmatic hernia), requiring the care of multiple specialities. Median length of HFNC use was 37.5 days (range 11–188). Twenty (83.3%) infants were referred for speech pathology (SLP) input while on HFNC support. For those referred, frequency of SLP input was variable (0–3 sessions/week), and HFNC support requirements were the most common barrier to SLP intervention (n = 9, 45%). Twelve (54.5%) infants demonstrated improvement in their primary feeding method by discharge; however, only two (9.1%) infants were discharged on full oral feeds.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates variability in oral feeding management in infants with prolonged HFNC‐dependence at our centre. Respiratory support with HFNC was identified as a barrier to progressing oral feeding. Further research is required to determine if oral feeding can be safely undertaken in this cohort. This is imperative to ensure that long‐term feeding outcomes are not negatively impacted by current practice.
Gender differences in factors associated with rural health care practice in Minnesota
Authors: Woldegerima Selam , Fritsma Teri , Henning‐Smith Carrie , Rosenberg Mark , Olson Andrew P. J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPurposeTo understand gender differences in factors affecting rural health care workforce to inform the development of effective policies and recruitment strategies to address rural health care workforce shortages.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey of health care professionals (including Advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs), physicians, physician assistants (PAs), and registered nurses (RNs)) in Minnesota was administered by the Minnesota Department of Health from October 18, 2021, to July 25, 2022, during their professional license renewal. The main outcome was whether or not the respondent was practicing in a rural area. The effects of factors associated with rural practice were estimated using binary logistic regression models, and subsequently subgroup analysis was conducted by gender across the four health care professions.FindingsResults show that although there were significant gender differences in some factors (growing up in a rural area and family considerations were more likely to influence women's decisions than men's, whereas men were more likely to be influenced by the prospect of having autonomy and broad scope of practice than women), these differences became insignificant when the four health care professionals were analyzed separately suggesting that overall gender differences observed were almost entirely explained by profession differences.ConclusionsGender differences do not significantly influence the factors impacting rural practice. However, being raised in a rural environment emerges as the most influential predictor of rural practice underscoring the importance of involving rural residents of all genders in health care practice.
Phylogenetic reconstruction of Didymocarpus and related genera in Gesneriaceae with establishment of two new genera
Authors: Liu Fang‐Pu , Han Meng‐Qi , Li Peng‐Wei , Wang Yin‐Zheng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe genus Didymocarpus Wall. is a core group of the subfamily Didymocarpoideae in Gesneriaceae with a complex taxonomic history. It has long been controversial to delimit Didymocarpus and its allies. We conducted phylogenetic reconstructions with high‐density sampling of Didymocarpus and related genera by using four nuclear ribosomal DNAs (external transcribed spacer [ETS], internal transcribed spacer [ITS], 18S, 26S) and five chloroplast DNAs (atpB‐rbcL, rpl16, rps16, trnH‐psbA, and trnL‐F). The results indicated that neither Didymocarpus nor Allocheilos are monophyletic. Based on molecular phylogenetic and morphological analyses, we delimitated the range of the Didymocarpus sensu stricto (s. str.) with two‐section division, and established a new genus Palmatiboea for species originally placed in Didymocarpus. This genus is remarkably distinguished from Didymocarpus s. str. not only in molecular phylogeny and morphology but also in its specific geographic distribution, in that it is found only in Southeast China. In addition, we proposed a new monotypic genus Hequnia for Allocheilos guangxiensis that is completely isolated in phylogeny, consistent with a range of remarkably distinctive morphological characteristics. Our results clarify the systematics of Didymocarpus and the delimitation between it and related genera with establishment of two new genera.