bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stress‐induced changes in abundance differ among obligate and facultative endosymbionts of the soybean aphid
Authors: Enders Laramy S. , Miller Nicholas J. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBacterial endosymbionts can drive evolutionary novelty by conferring adaptive benefits under adverse environmental conditions. Among aphid species there is growing evidence that symbionts influence tolerance to various forms of stress. However, the extent to which stress inflicted on the aphid host has cascading effects on symbiont community dynamics remains poorly understood. Here we simultaneously quantified the effect of host‐plant induced and xenobiotic stress on soybean aphid (Aphis glycines) fitness and relative abundance of its three bacterial symbionts. Exposure to soybean defensive stress (Rag1 gene) and a neurotoxic insecticide (thiamethoxam) substantially reduced aphid composite fitness (survival × reproduction) by 74 ± 10% and 92 ± 2%, respectively, which in turn induced distinctive changes in the endosymbiont microbiota. When challenged by host‐plant defenses a 1.4‐fold reduction in abundance of the obligate symbiont Buchnera was observed across four aphid clonal lines. Among facultative symbionts of Rag1‐stressed aphids, Wolbachia abundance increased twofold and Arsenophonus decreased 1.5‐fold. A similar pattern was observed under xenobiotic stress, with Buchnera and Arsenophonus titers decreasing (1.3‐fold) and Wolbachia increasing (1.5‐fold). Furthermore, variation in aphid virulence to Rag1 was positively correlated with changes in Arsenophonus titers, but not Wolbachia or Buchnera. A single Arsenophonus multi‐locus genotype was found among aphid clonal lines, indicating strain diversity is not primarily responsible for correlated host‐symbiont stress levels. Overall, our results demonstrate the nature of aphid symbioses can significantly affect the outcome of interactions under stress and suggests general changes in the microbiome can occur across multiple stress types.
Condition dependence of male and female reproductive success: insights from a simultaneous hermaphrodite
Authors: Janicke Tim , Chapuis Elodie 
Published: January 2016

AbstractSexually selected traits are predicted to show condition dependence by capturing the genetic quality of its bearer. In separate‐sexed organisms, this will ultimately translate into condition dependence of reproductive success of the sex that experiences sexual selection, which is typically the male. Such condition dependence of reproductive success is predicted to be higher in males than females under conditions promoting intense sexual selection. For simultaneous hermaphrodites, however, sex allocation theory predicts that individuals in poor condition channel relatively more resources into the male sex function at the expense of the female function. Thus, male reproductive success is expected to be less condition dependent than female reproductive success. We subjected individuals of the simultaneously hermaphroditic snail Physa acuta to two feeding treatments to test for condition dependence of male and female reproductive success under varying levels of male–male competition. Condition dependence was found for female, but not for male, reproductive success, meaning that selection on condition is relatively stronger through the female sex function. This effect was consistent over both male–male competition treatments. Decomposition of male and female reproductive performance revealed that individuals in poor condition copulated more in their male role, indicating an increased male allocation to mate acquisition. These findings suggest that sex‐specific condition dependence of reproductive success is at least partially driven by condition‐dependent sex allocation. We discuss the implications of condition‐dependent sex allocation for the evolution of sexually selected traits in simultaneous hermaphrodites.
Bacterial characterization of Beijing drinking water by flow cytometry and MiSeq sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene
Authors: Liu Tingting , Kong Weiwen , Chen Nan , Zhu Jing , Wang Jingqi , He Xiaoqing , Jin Yi 
Published: January 2016

AbstractFlow cytometry (FCM) and 16S rRNA gene sequencing data are commonly used to monitor and characterize microbial differences in drinking water distribution systems. In this study, to assess microbial differences in drinking water distribution systems, 12 water samples from different sources water (groundwater, GW; surface water, SW) were analyzed by FCM, heterotrophic plate count (HPC), and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. FCM intact cell concentrations varied from 2.2 × 103 cells/mL to 1.6 × 104 cells/mL in the network. Characteristics of each water sample were also observed by FCM fluorescence fingerprint analysis. 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that Proteobacteria (76.9–42.3%) or Cyanobacteria (42.0–3.1%) was most abundant among samples. Proteobacteria were abundant in samples containing chlorine, indicating resistance to disinfection. Interestingly, Mycobacterium, Corynebacterium, and Pseudomonas, were detected in drinking water distribution systems. There was no evidence that these microorganisms represented a health concern through water consumption by the general population. However, they provided a health risk for special crowd, such as the elderly or infants, patients with burns and immune‐compromised people exposed by drinking. The combined use of FCM to detect total bacteria concentrations and sequencing to determine the relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria resulted in the quantitative evaluation of drinking water distribution systems. Knowledge regarding the concentration of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria will be particularly useful for epidemiological studies.
Modelling the effect of riparian vegetation restoration on sediment transport in a human‐impacted Brazilian catchment
Authors: Monteiro José A. F. , Kamali Bahareh , Srinivasan Raghavan , Abbaspour Karim , Gücker Björn 
Published: January 2016

AbstractSoil erosion threatens both soil and water resources and has increased globally because of the removal of natural vegetation and the intensification of existing agriculture. Brazil is privileged by a large proportion of natural vegetation and abundant freshwater. Recently, modifications of the Brazilian Forest Act (BFA) have been approved, which offer landowners that had committed illegal riparian deforestation in the past amnesty from reforestation, and further reductions of riparian protected areas are currently discussed. Here, we used the Soil and Water Assessment Tool to simulate river discharge and sediment exports in a typical human‐impacted Brazilian catchment, the Rio das Mortes catchment. By restoring the riparian vegetation according to the BFA and ignoring amnesties to land owners, the current annual sediment export of the catchment of 0·830 t ha−1 was reduced by 29·4% according to our model. Further, simulated reforestation twice the size demanded by the BFA resulted in a 31·4% reduction of the current sediment export. However, reforestation of a 5‐m homogeneous riparian corridor only, as currently discussed in the Federal Brazilian State of São Paulo, reduced sediment exports by only 23·8%, not considering expected additional erosion due to deforestation outside the simulated reforested 5‐m corridor. Our study is the first catchment‐wide assessment of the role of riparian vegetation in preventing soil erosion in Brazil. Its results support intensive reforestation efforts of the riparian zone and point to substantial negative effects of further reductions of the protected riparian corridor width and amnesties from reforestation to land owners. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Characterization of Methyl–Palladium and –Platinum Complexes Supported by N,O‐ and N,S‐Donor Ligands
Authors: Ruiz Plaza Daniel , Alvarado‐Monzón José C. , Andreu de Riquer Gabriel A. , González‐García Gerardo , Höpfl Herbert , de León‐Rodríguez Luis Manuel , López Jorge A. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe methylpalladium and ‐platinum complexes [Pd(AcNac)(PMe3)CH3], [Pd(SacNac)(PMe3)CH3], and [Pt(SacNac)(PMe3)CH3] have been prepared from protonation reactions between AcNac [H3CC(O)CHC(NAr)CH3; Ar = 2,6‐iPr‐C6H3 = Dipp (L1); Ar = 2,4,6‐MeC6H2 = Mes (L2)] or SacNac [H3CC(S)CHC(NAr)CH3; Ar = 2,6‐iPr‐C6H3 = Dipp (L3); Ar = 2,4,6‐MeC6H2 = Mes (L4)] ligands and dimethyl–metal complexes of the composition [M(L′)Me2] (M = Pd, L′ = tmeda = N,N,N′N′‐tetramethylethylenediamine; M = Pt, L′ = cod = 1,5‐cyclooctadiene) and PMe3 in acetonitrile. Only one isomer was formed in each case and X‐ray crystallographic analysis showed that the PMe3 co‐ligand is found in the cis position with respect to the sulfur or oxygen atom in all complexes.
Hydrophilic Fe3O4@C for High‐­Capacity Adsorption of 2,4‐Dichloro­phenol
Authors: Wang Lingzhi , Gan Kaifeng , Lu Deli , Zhang Jinlong 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA core–shell‐structured magnetic Fe3O4@C composite has been prepared from Fe3O4@RF (RF = resorcinol‐formaldehyde) through pyrolysis at 600 °C under a N2 atmosphere. The resultant products were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), powder X‐ray powder diffraction (PXRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The Fe3O4@C composite has excellent particle monodispersity, a uniform particle diameter of ca. 200 nm, a magnetic saturation of 41.2 emu g–1, and a high specific surface area of 247.3 m2 g–1 owing to the existence of a bimodal micro‐macroporous system. Moreover, the carbon shell is graphitized but has good hydrophilicity, which is attributed to the existence of remnant oxygen‐containing groups. When applied as an adsorbent for the removal of 2,4‐dichlorophenol from water, Fe3O4@C shows a good dispersivity (0.2 g L–1) and an average maximum adsorption capacity of 131.83 mg g–1 with a fluctuation of less than 17 % over a wide pH range from 1 to 11 and can be quickly recovered within 30 s by the application of an external magnetic field (800 G). The adsorption performance of Fe3O4@C is revealed to be attributed to π–π electron donor–acceptor interactions between the electron‐rich conjugated aromatic groups of Fe3O4@C and electron‐deficient 2,4‐dichlorophenol. The high adsorption capacity and facile magnetic separation performance make our hydrophilic Fe3O4@C an ideal adsorbent for the removal of 2,4‐dichlorophenol from wastewater.
Preparation, First Structure Analysis, and Magnetism of the Long‐Known Nickel Benzoate Trihydrate – A Linear Ni···Ni···Ni Polymer and Its Parallels with the Active Site of Urease
Authors: Vráblová Anna , Falvello Larry R. , Campo Javier , Miklovič Jozef , Boča Roman , Černák Juraj , Tomás Milagros 
Published: January 2016

AbstractNickel benzoate trihydrate (1) has been prepared in single‐crystalline form by the reaction of nickel carbonate with benzoic acid in boiling aqueous solution. Its crystal structure comprises positively charged [Ni(Bz)(H2O)2]nn+ chains, benzoate anions, and one independent water molecule of solvation. The hexacoordinate NiII centers in the chains are triply bridged by one syn‐syn carboxylato and two aqua bridges, and adjacent chains are linked by O–H···O hydrogen bonds [O···O distances are in the range 2.647(3)–2.684(3) Å] through solvate water molecules and benzoate anions. Thermal analysis revealed that 1 is stable up to 100 °C; further heating led to full dehydration accompanied by an additional decomposition reaction, as characterized by IR analysis of the intermediates. The geometrical features of the Ni centers have been compared with similar features at the active sites of urease. The effective magnetic moment per formula unit µeff has a value of 3.17µB at room temperature and upon cooling reaches a maximum value of 12.39µB at T = 4.6 K, which indicates ferromagnetic coupling between the nearest NiII atoms [3.0671(1) Å] within the chains; at lower temperatures this is counteracted by zero‐field splitting.
Antioxidant capacity of essential oil spice extracts versus ground spices and addition of antioxidants in Bulgarian type dry‐fermented sausages
Authors: Dragoev Stefan G. , Balev Dessislav K. , St. Nenov Nenko , Vassilev Kiril P. , Vlahova‐Vangelova Dessislava B. 
Published: January 2016

The dry‐fermented sausages are under high risk of microbial cross‐contamination and physical impurities come from ground spices because they are not subjected to heat treatment. So, the objective of this study was to investigate the replacement of 3 g/kg ground black pepper (Piper nigrum L.), and cumin (Cuminum cyminum) with their aliquots of tetrafluoroethane extracts on oxidation stability in dry‐fermented sausages. The influence of 0.2 g/kg added antioxidants: Dihydroquercetin from Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) extract, or butylated hydroxytoluene on the antioxidant activity was studied too. For this purpose the acid value (AV), conjugated dienes and trienes, peroxide value (POV), TBARS, and fatty acid composition of Bulgarian‐type dry‐fermented sausages sudjuk Sadowski, were determined. The replacement of ground black pepper and cumin with tetrafluoroethane essential oil extracts in sudjuk effectively decrease the rate of lipolysis and lipid oxidation during processing and 30 days storage at 0–4°C. In comparison with control samples the AV was reduced by more than 38%, POV with 50.8%, conjugated dienes with 8.82%, conjugated trienes with 39.3%, and TBARS with approximately 39%. A strong linear correlation between TBARS and POV (R2 > 0.94); AV and POV (R2 > 0.89), and AV and TBARS (R2 > 0.83) was obtained.Practical applications: The black pepper and cumin tetrafluoroethane essential oil extracts or addition of 0.02% of natural antioxidants, such as dihydroquercetin and rosemary powder extract can be used in the composition of the Bulgarian type dry‐fermented sausages such as sudjuk. They show strong antioxidant capacity with beneficial effect on lipolytical changes and lipid oxidation stability during 30 days vacuum storage at 0–4°C. In general, results suggest that black pepper and cumin tetrafluoroethane essential oil extracts with the combination of dihydroquercetin or rosemary powder extract can be successfully applied to protect dry‐fermented sausages from lipid oxidation.Sample C, dry‐fermented sausages prepared with ground spices; sample E, dry‐fermented sausages prepared with tetrafluoroethane spices extracts; sample B, dry‐fermented sausages prepared with ground spices and 0.2 g/kg BHT; sample R, dry‐fermented sausages prepared with ground spices and 0.2 g/kg rosemary extract; sample T, dry‐fermented sausages prepared with ground spices and 0.2 g/kg dihydroquercetin.
Mono‐ and Difluorination of Benz­ylic Carbon Atoms
Authors: Koperniku Ana , Liu Hongqiang , Hurley Paul B. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis microreview is divided into four parts: introduction, benzylic monofluorination, benzylic difluorination and summary. Each procedure (base‐mediated, transition‐metal‐catalyzed, radical‐initiated benzylic fluorination) is described for the cases of both electrophilic and nucleophilic fluorine sources, with the exception of radical‐initiated benzylic difluorination, which is described only in the case of electrophilic fluorine in the literature. Moreover, specifically for radical‐initiated fluorination, the procedures are further classified according to the nature of the radical initiators used.
A Concise Total Synthesis of the Stereoisomers of (–)‐Pochonicine
Authors: Salunke Rahul Vilas , Ramesh Namakkal G. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA concise total synthesis of the four stereoisomers of (–)‐pochonicine was undertaken. The key steps of the synthesis involved chemoselective debenzylation of the primary benzyloxy group and an unprecedented Na–Hg‐mediated concomitant N‐detosylative intramolecular epoxide ring‐opening reaction. Notably, additional steps for the protection of other functional groups were not required. Glycosidase inhibition studies revealed that these compounds are inhibitors of β‐N‐acetylglucosaminidase with IC50 values in the sub‐millimolar range.
Copper‐Assisted Synthesis of 2‐Hydroxyphenyl‐1,2‐diones from Phenols and 2‐Oxoaldehydes
Authors: Battini Narsaiah , Battula Satyanarayana , Ahmed Qazi Naveed 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAn efficient copper(II)‐catalyzed protocol for the ortho‐functionalization of phenols was developed. A wide variety of 2‐oxoaldehydes and phenols were tolerated, and the corresponding 2‐hydroxyphenyl‐1,2‐diones were afforded in appreciable yields.
Room‐Temperature Alkynylation of Phosphine Oxides with Copper Acetylides: Practical Synthesis of Alkynylphosphine Oxides
Authors: Gérard Phidéline , Veillard Romain , Alayrac Carole , Gaumont Annie‐Claude , Evano Gwilherm 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAn efficient procedure for the synthesis of alkynylphosphine oxides based on the oxidative alkynylation of secondary phosphine oxides with copper acetylides was developed. Activation with molecular oxygen in the presence of either a mixture of 1,2‐dimethylimidazole and triethylamine or N‐methylimidazole alone enabled the formal umpolung of the poorly nucleophilic copper acetylides, which were coupled with phosphine oxides under remarkably mild conditions. Notable features of this procedure are the availability of the starting materials, its user‐friendliness, and its mild conditions, which allow the synthesis of complex alkynylphosphine oxides.
Synthesis and Configurations of (–)‐Furospongin‐1 and (+)‐Dihydrofuro­spongin‐2
Authors: Tan Dong‐Xing , Xu Ze‐Jun , Chen Hui‐Jun , Wu Yikang , You Jun 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe long‐known furanoterpenes furospongin‐1 and dihydrofurospongin‐2 were synthesized for the first time using a chiral‐pool‐based route in an effort to secure the previous configurational assignments. The key C‐11 stereogenic centre was taken from D‐mannose, and the C‐13 alkyl centre was installed exploiting the chirality of mannose. Due to deprotonation and/or enolization of the building blocks used, introduction of the furan moieties was problematic, and so some reactions had to be avoided. The trisubstituted alkene was most satisfactorily constructed using a Julia–Kocienski olefination in 1,2‐dimethoxyethane, with the best (E)/(Z) ratio achieved using a secondary sulfone. The synthetic samples not only provided the first unequivocal piece of evidence for the C‐13 configuration of both natural products, but also confirmed the absolute configuration at C‐11 of furospongin‐1.
Cu/Pd‐Catalyzed Cascade Reactions of Cyclic Diaryliodoniums and Alkynes – Access to Fluorenes with Conjugate Enynes/Dienes
Authors: Liu Zhenquan , Luo Bingling , Liu Xiaomin , Hu Yumim , Wu Baojian , Huang Peng , Wen Shijun 
Published: January 2016

AbstractUnlike the widely studied linear diaryliodoniums as electrophilic arylating reagents, cyclic diaryliodoniums have the potential to initiate dual arylations with atom and step economy. In our current work, cascade reactions of cyclic diaryliodoniums and two equivalent alkynes have been successfully achieved under mild conditions, catalyzed by CuI/PdCl2(PPh3)2. The transformation could also be realized in a stepwise way with two different alkynes or with one alkyne and one alkene. The reaction enables a rapid access to a variety of complex fluorenes containing conjugate enyne and diene fragments.
Indium‐Catalyzed Reductive Sulfid­ation of Esters by Using Thiols: An Approach to the Diverse Synthesis of Sulfides
Authors: Miyazaki Takahiro , Kasai Shinsei , Ogiwara Yohei , Sakai Norio 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA new reductive preparation of unsymmetrical sulfides from esters and thiols in the presence of InI3 and either 1,1,3,3‐tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDS) or PhSiH3 as the reductant was developed. This protocol was applied to not only benzoic acid esters that have a methoxy, methyl, chloro, bromo, iodo, or trifluoromethyl group on the aromatic ring but also aliphatic acid esters with either aromatic or aliphatic thiols. A reaction mechanism is proposed by using Hammett plot results and several control experiments.
Enantioselective Total Synthesis of the Proposed Structure of the Endophytic Fungal Metabolite Phomolide G: Structural Revision and Unambiguous Stereochemical Assignment
Authors: McNulty James , McLeod David , Jenkins Hilary A. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA total synthesis of the proposed structure of the natural macrolactone phomolide G (1) by a bidirectional strategy from L‐tartaric acid is reported. The ω‐terminus of the molecule was elaborated by nitrile extension, C3‐alkylation and a substrate‐controlled 1,3‐ketone reduction. The α‐terminus was extended by a C2 aldehyde‐to‐alkenal homologation followed by an auxiliary controlled aldol reaction. Macrolactonization and deprotection yielded compound 1 (confirmed by X‐ray analysis). This putative structure of phomolide G displayed discordant NMR spectroscopic data in comparison with those of the natural product. Detailed inspection of all NMR spectroscopic data available indicated phomolide G to be likely a diastereomer of 1. The synthetic strategy developed allows control of the absolute stereochemistry at all four chiral secondary alcohol groups. Further manipulation allowed for the preparation of diastereomer 33, the 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic data of which are in full accord with that reported for the natural product.
Reconstructing and understanding the impacts of storms and surges, southern North Sea
Authors: Brooks Sue M. , Spencer Tom , McIvor Anna , Möller Iris 
Published: January 2016

AbstractCoastal barriers are ubiquitous globally and provide a vital protective role to valuable landforms, habitats and communities located to landward. They are, however, vulnerable to extreme water levels and storm wave impacts. A detailed record of sub‐annual to annual; decadal; and centennial rates of shoreline retreat in frontages characterized by both high (> 3 m) and low (< 1 m) dunes is established for a barrier island on the UK east coast. For four storms (2006–2013) we match still water levels and peak significant wave heights against shoreline change at high levels of spatial densification. The results suggest that, at least in the short‐term, shoreline retreat, of typically 5–8 m, is primarily driven by individual events, separated by varying periods of barrier stasis. Over decadal timescales, significant inter‐decadal changes can be seen in both barrier onshore retreat rates and in barrier extension rates alongshore. Whilst the alongshore variability in barrier migration seen in the short‐term remains at the decadal scale, shoreline change at the centennial stage shows little alongshore variability between a region of barrier retreat (at 1.15 m a−1) and one of barrier extension. A data‐mining approach, synchronizing all the variables that drive shoreline change (still water level, timing of high spring tides and peak significant wave heights), is an essential requirement for validating models that predict future shoreline responses under changing sea level and storminess. © 2016 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.