bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polygenicity and Epistasis Underlie Fitness-Proximal Traits in theCaenorhabditis elegansMultiparental Experimental Evolution (CeMEE) Panel
Authors: Noble Luke M , Chelo Ivo , Guzella Thiago , Afonso Bruno , Riccardi David D , Ammerman Patrick , Dayarian Adel , Carvalho Sara , Crist Anna , Pino-Querido Ania , Shraiman Boris , Rockman Matthew V , Teotónio Henrique 
Published: October 2017

AbstractUsing a new experimentally evolved multiparent mapping resource for C. elegans, Noble et al. have outlined the genetic architecture of worm fertility..Understanding the genetic basis of complex traits remains a major challenge in biology. Polygenicity, phenotypic plasticity, and epistasis contribute to phenotypic variance in ways that are rarely clear. This uncertainty can be problematic for estimating heritability, for predicting individual phenotypes from genomic data, and for parameterizing models of phenotypic evolution. Here, we report an advanced recombinant inbred line (RIL) quantitative trait locus mapping panel for the hermaphroditic nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, the C. elegans multiparental experimental evolution (CeMEE) panel. The CeMEE panel, comprising 507 RILs at present, was created by hybridization of 16 wild isolates, experimental evolution for 140–190 generations, and inbreeding by selfing for 13–16 generations. The panel contains 22% of single-nucleotide polymorphisms known to segregate in natural populations, and complements existing C. elegans mapping resources by providing fine resolution and high nucleotide diversity across &gt; 95% of the genome. We apply it to study the genetic basis of two fitness components, fertility and hermaphrodite body size at time of reproduction, with high broad-sense heritability in the CeMEE. While simulations show that we should detect common alleles with additive effects as small as 5%, at gene-level resolution, the genetic architectures of these traits do not feature such alleles. We instead find that a significant fraction of trait variance, approaching 40% for fertility, can be explained by sign epistasis with main effects below the detection limit. In congruence, phenotype prediction from genomic similarity, while generally poor (r2&lt;10%), requires modeling epistasis for optimal accuracy, with most variance attributed to the rapidly evolving chromosome arms.
Expresión de los Genes de Inmunoglobulina A y Citoquinas Asociadas IL-5, IL-6 y TGF-β en Mucosa Intestinal de Crías de Alpacas (Vicugna pacos) Vacunadas con Antígeno Clostridial
Authors: Reyes Z. Joan , Manchego S. Alberto , Castro S. Gina , Burga C. César , Pezo C. Danilo , Sandoval C. Nieves , Ramírez V. Mercy , Rivera G. Hermelinda 
Published: October 2017

El estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar y comparar los niveles de expresión de los genes de IgA y citoquinas asociadas IL-5, IL-6 y TGF-β en la mucosa intestinal de crías de alpaca clínicamente sanas vacunadas oralmente con un antígeno clostridial. Se trabajó con 10 crías no vacunadas (control) y 15 crías vacunadas (dos dosis con intervalo de siete días). El muestreo se hizo a los siete días de la segunda dosis. Asimismo, se consideraron dos subgrupos etarios (15-28 y 35-56 días de edad en el momento de la toma de la muestra). Se tomaron segmentos intestinales de 2 cm de longitud de la porción media del yeyuno y se almacenaron a -196 ºC. Se realizó la extracción de ARN total y luego se sintetizó el ADN complementario (ADNc) por transcripción inversa. Luego se realizó la PCR en tiempo real utilizando cebadores específicos para IL-5, IL-6, TGF-β y el exón 3 de IgA. Se realizó la evaluación de la expresión relativa mediante el método 2-ΔΔCt. Las crías vacunadas con antígeno clostridial tuvieron una mayor expresión de IgA (control: 275.3 veces; vacunados: 710.2 veces más que el calibrador) (p=0.005). Las crías vacunadas del subgrupo 15-28 días de edad expresaron IL-5, IL-6 y TGF-β en 1.96, 4.78 y 2.87 veces más que el calibrador, respectivamente, habiendo diferencia significativa con el grupo control (p<0.05). Se concluye que la administración de antígeno clostridial como vacuna oral en crías de alpaca en los primeros 14 días de edad promueve una mayor expresión de los genes de IgA y citoquinas asociadas IL-5, IL-6 y TGF-β a nivel de mucosa intestinal.
The Effect of Font Characteristics on Large Format Display
Authors: Garvey Phillip M. , Eie Wei-Yin , Klenna M Jennifer 
Published: October 2017

Objective: To assess the legibility of a large set of existing large format display fonts.
Background: The enormous selection of fonts allows for creative design; however, while there has been a lot of research on print and computer font legibility, only a limited number of large format display font studies have been conducted.
Method: Sixty-four subjects from 19-87 years of age viewed 64 displays using 33 fonts shown on a computer monitor. Viewing began at a very small size, which grew larger to simulate a driver or pedestrian approaching a sign. Subjects attempted to read the displays at the smallest possible size. Threshold legibility was determined for each font.
Results and Conclusions: Font selection can make a very big difference in the distance at which a display can be read; however, there are many fonts that have equivalent legibility. Case can sometimes, but not always, have a large impact on display legibility, with uppercase often performing significantly better than lowercase. The choice of serif versus sans-serif alone does not have an important effect on display legibility. Age impaired sign reading ability, but not until the participants were over sixty. Finally, fonts that share a family name (e.g., Times Bold versus Times New Roman) can have dramatically different legibility distances.
Application: The results of this research can immediately and directly aid letter manufacturers, display designers, and display owners, as they now know how far away a large number of fonts can be read, and the impact of choosing one font style over another.
Caracterización socioeconómica de los productores de cafés especiales de Pueblo Bello (Cesar, Colombia)
Authors: Pertuz Peralta Vanessa Paola , Pérez Orozco Adith Bismarck 
Published: October 2017

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo determinar las características socioeconómicas de los productores de cafés especiales de Pueblo Bello, en el departamento del Cesar (Colombia). La investigación es de tipo descriptivo, con un diseño de campo, no experimental, transaccional. El trabajo utiliza como instrumento de recolección de información un cuestionario de 40 ítems, con escala tipo Likert aplicado a 120 productores de cafés especiales de dos asociaciones de Pueblo Bello. Los resultados evidencian el predominio de los hombres en la caficultura, la mayor parte de ellos tiene entre 46 y 56 años, son indígenas y campesinos. Treinta y seis por ciento es analfabeta. La principal fuente de consumo son las aguas quietas. Ochenta por ciento de las unidades productivas tiene entre 2 y 31 hectáreas totales, correspondientes a pequeños productores; 48 % destina entre 0.5 y 4.8 hectáreas al cultivo de café. Cuarenta y tres por ciento reporta una producción entre 150 y 3120 kilogramos de café. La variedad predominante es Castillo. La principal plaga es la broca y las enfermedades son la roya y la gotera. Los desechos orgánicos son reutilizados mientras que los inorgánicos son enterrados o sacados del predio. El estudio contribuye a establecer la línea base para el desarrollo de programas socioeconómicos regionales.
Responsabilidad Social Corporativa: de concepto abstracto a elemento clave en la estrategia empresarial
Authors: Gómez Nieto Begoña , Martínez Domínguez Rocío 
Published: October 2017

La Responsabilidad Social Corporativa (RSC) o Responsabilidad Social Empresarial (RSE), es una práctica que surge como consecuencia de los cambios económico-sociales que se producen en la globalización, y de la actuación de la economía a nivel mundial. La empresa no es un ente aislado, sino que forma parte de un entorno en el que debe estar perfectamente integrada como un elemento más del mismo. Lejos de ser una moda, la RSC en la actualidad se conforma como una práctica directamente vinculada con la actividad de las empresas y de las organizaciones que se valen del entorno, bien usando sus recursos (inputs) o abasteciéndolos (outputs). Todo ello está impregnado de unas demandas sociales que han permanecido latentes durante largos años. Esta realidad deriva en la necesidad de una concienciación social de todas las acciones empresariales que se desarrollan. El objetivo de este estudio se centra en analizar la transformación y evolución del concepto de RSC hacia un elemento crucial de toda la estrategia de las organizaciones. Para ello se utiliza una metodología mixta: conceptual teórica y de análisis de contenido. La práctica de la RSC ha pasado de ser complemento de reconocimiento social a valor obligatorio en el ámbito empresarial y social
¿Pasa por YouTube el futuro de la televisión?
Authors: Castillo Pomeda José María 
Published: October 2017

¿Quién no sabe lo que es YouTube? Es el cine más grande del mundo, la televisión con más programas, el sueño de cualquier amante de las imágenes, de la narrativa audiovisual… y uno de los mayores negocios del orbe habitado. Ningún otro crece con el vértigo y la insistencia que él, con miles de millones de usuarios de todo el mundo. El objetivo primordial de este trabajo es tratar de mostrar, (tanto desde un punto de vista tecnológico como desde los campos social y narrativo, sin olvidar el económico), las características que presenta el “Fenómeno YouTube” en sí mismo y que le presentan como alternativa al medio televisión tradicional. Se avecinan fuertes cambios en el planteamiento de lo que hoy en día está al alcance de los espectadores. Y van a suceder antes de lo que muchos piensan. El presente es un estudio no experimental, en el que se observan situaciones existentes en nuestro entorno, con una metodología descriptiva de los elementos estudiados y de las interrelaciones que de ellos surjan, encaminada a conseguir unas conclusiones que puedan ser útiles, tanto en el desarrollo de dichos elementos como en la aplicación práctica de los mismos. Este trabajo se enmarca dentro del proyecto de investigación titulado “La televisión del futuro o el futuro de la Televisión”, que el autor está dirigiendo y que es financiado por la Universidad Francisco de Vitoria y el Banco Santander.
Built environment, creativity, social art. The recovery of public space as engine of human development
Authors: Onesti Anna 
Published: October 2017

The paper is a part of a comprehensive research aimed at operationalizing HUL approach and experimenting it in the buffer zone of Pompei, mainly in Torre Annunziata (Italy), and is based on the recognition of art and cultural heritage as tools for "managing the change" of landscape. The proposed thesis is that the recovery of public space, configured by art and culture and shared with local community according to an inclusive approach, contribute to regenerate creativity, reconstructing the relationships between people, communities and landscape. This lays the foundations for a "creative environment" and regenerative, concived as a prerequisite of development. In this process, art is a driver which acts on the creativity of local residents, stimulating their critical thinking, open-mindedness and design capacity, and leading them to accept diversity as an opportunity. Focusing on theories and on the empirical analysis of a best practice, MAAM Museum in Rome, this paper has three main objectives: to produce empirical evidence on the cause/effect relationship between art, heritage and community relationships; to make transferable and replicable in other contexts, such as Torre Annunziata, the process experienced at MAAM; to develop a methodology able to soliciting, integrating and supporting the regeneration of relationships in the town of Torre Annunziata.
A ordem sagrada da república colonial
Authors: Bastos Rodrigo Almeida 
Published: October 2017

Em 30 de maio de 1730, foi registrada uma “promessa” feita pelos oficiais da Câmara de Vila Rica a respeito da “fatura” da “nova” Igreja Matriz de Nossa Senhora do Pilar. A Mesa da Irmandade do Santíssimo Sacramento suplicava auxílio para erguer com mais “segurança” e “capacidade” uma “nova igreja matriz”, e o faziam porque a igreja que existia, relatavam, estava “pequena e arruinada, com termos de cair”. Às irmandades do Santíssimo Sacramento geralmente tocavam as igrejas matrizes, representantes que eram do mais importante sacramento da Igreja católica, a Santa Eucaristia, pelo qual os fiéis participam do corpo e do sangue de Jesus Cristo, como reafirmação de sua integração espiritual ao “corpo místico” do próprio Cristo e da Santa Igreja. Requeriam os irmãos do Santíssimo, com o consentimento uniforme de todos os“freguezes” e das “autoridades” do “prelado” e do “pároco”, que Vila Rica se“aumentava” muito, como “cabeça” das outras povoações, e que portanto era preciso erigir outra igreja “mais durável” e “grande” para se acomodar tudo com maior “capacidade” e “segurança”. E argumentavam que “tudo” se deveria fazer e “aperfeiçoar” em proveito de interesses comuns – “régio, público e particular” – para os quais concorriam especialmente os “templos”, tratados no documento como o “mais firme e fixo fundamento, como colunas que são das Res publicas pias e cristãs, e almas delas”.
A política, o direito e as favelas do Rio de Janeiro: um breve olhar histórico.
Authors: Gonçalves Rafael Soares 
Published: October 2017

Tendo em vista a precariedade jurídica das favelas no Rio de Janeiro, a análise histórica da legislação e da política urbana revela-se fundamental para a compreensão dos desafios sociais em torno do acesso ao solo urbano, assim como as estratégias dos diferentes atores urbanos. Neste contexto, este artigo tenta estabelecer uma releitura sociopolítica do Direito a fim de analisar como a realidade social constrói o Direito e como este provoca repercussões efetivas no plano social. Este texto pretende também analisar como a política urbana direcionada às favelas revelou-se um importante instrumento de marginalização da população favelada, bem como um poderoso meio de maximização do acúmulo de capital no Rio de Janeiro.
O grupo santa helena e o universo industrial paulista (1930-1940)
Authors: Freitas Patricia Martins Santos 
Published: October 2017

Entre as décadas de 1930 e 1940, reuniram-se em dois ateliês compartilhados no Palacete Santa Helena, os pintores que formaram o Grupo Santa Helena. Dentre suas obras, são notáveis as paisagens em que os artistas registraram o crescimento industrial e urbano de São Paulo. A presente pesquisa visa analisar este registro, por meio do estudo de obras em que os santelenistas retrataram o universo fabril e do modo como a crítica de arte do período, bem como a historiografia subseqüente, interpretaram suas produções. Objetivou-se também caracterizar as formas encontradas pelo Grupo para representar o mundo industrial em suas telas, considerando, a partir do corpus trabalhado, as paisagens industriais como aquelas em que aparecem os signos do urbano e fabril, como as chaminés das fábricas e usinas, mas também as estações de trem e a própria figura do operário. Com intuito de compreender como o Grupo Santa Helena e suas obras se inseriram em seu momento histórico, foram estudadas suas origens, formações profissionais, além da relação que mantinham com o cenário artístico paulista da época. Para tanto, as obras santelenistas foram colocadas em diálogo com produções contemporâneas, brasileiras e internacionais, de modo a apreendermos certa sensibilidade do período. Em um segundo momento, as críticas e a historiografia foram observadas com o objetivo de se entender a construção da identidade do Grupo Santa Helena.
Penawaran, Permintaan dan Konsumsi Produk Peternakan di Indonesia
Authors: Soedjana Tjeppy D. 
Published: October 2017

Supply of livestock products from 1969 to 1994 indicated that meat has been the most dominating commodity than milk and eggs due to its variability of meat producing species and of the accessibility product by consumers. However, beef and steers imports increases each year from 12,000 head in 1991 by more than 90 percent per year. Egg production from all poultry species also increasing each year that its target in production has been achieved, hence, it is indicating that national poultry industry has been successfully implemented through commercial poultry industry as well as intensification programs for both native chickens and ducks particularly in the Presidential Instruction (Inpres) program for village improvements that directly created new investments for poultry in the villages. Milk production has been contributing no more than 35 percent to the total national milk demand, even the domestic milk productivity increases and hence milk imports continues to increase in volumes. The demand for beef and foultry meat imply is elasticity to price change paricularly for low income group and those of rural consumers. Broiler meat tends to have substitute roles with beef and complementer in nature with milk and milk products. Percapita consumption of livestock product alwalys related with consumer's income and historically the per capita consumption of meat, milk and eggs are improved every yar and for some reasons, certain species have been achieved beyond the target. During 1998 - 2003 it is estimated that meat production may bae able to grow by 5.37 percent per year from 1.7 milion tons in 1998 to 2,5 milion tons in 2003, compared to Pelita VI (1994-1998) which grew by 5,5 percent. Eggs production is expected to grow by 3.4 percent per year from 0.7 milion tons in 1998 to 0.9 percent in 2003 while in Pelita VI it wasa able to grow by 5.4 percent. Domestic milk production which was growing by 5.7 percent in Pelita VI, is projected to grow only by 2.5 percent per year, from 0.7 milion tons in 1998 to 0.56 million tons in 2003. Only meat production will be able to meat the demand using low economic growth of 3 percent annually, and that with assumption of hight economic grow of 6 percent per year there will be no supply or production of livestock commodities are able to meets its respective demans by the consumers. Therefor, efforts to ward improving local species in terms of their productivity in the long run have to be critically anticipated due to growing population and increasing welfare and income of Indonesian people.
Pengembangan Kedelai di Sawah Irigasi Pantura Jawa Barat
Authors: Sudana Wayan 
Published: October 2017

<p><strong>English</strong><br />Soybean consumption has grown rapidly, but its production increased at a much lower rate, and as a result its demand can only be met by import. On the other hand, the irrigated land most suitable for soybean development is still in a large potential. To utilize the resource, the government made a special effort through intensification and area expansion program as well. The irrigated lowland at West Java northern coastal region is one of strategic opportunities to boost soybean production based on location, accessibility and land suitability. Soybean is usually produced in the second dry season (July-September), and it is expected to increase farm income, to create rural employment opportunity especially for landless farmer. Some influencing factors for further development are among others good seed availability, irrigation and competition of labor used.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Pertumbuhan konsumsi kedelai dari tahun ke tahun terus mengalami peningkatan, sehingga mengakibatkan ketidakseimbangan pertumbuhan konsumsi dan produksi kedelai dalam negeri. Untuk menutupi kekurangan konsumsi dalam negeri terpaksa dilakukan impor. Di lain pihak potensi lahan yang cocok untuk pengembangan kedelai ini masih cukup besar. Untuk memanfaatkan potensi sumberdaya lahan ini pemerintah berusaha melalui berbagai upaya khusus baik melalui intensifikasi maupun ekstensifikasi. Sawah irigasi teknis di Pantura Jawa Barat merupakan salahsatu peluang pengembangan kedelai yang sangat strategis bila dilihat dari letak, aksessibilitas dan kesesuaian bio-fisik lahan. Pengembangan kedelai di lahan ini pada MK II (Juli - September) disamping dapat meningkatkan penerimaan usahatani juga membuka peluang kesempatan kerja bagi buruhtani di pedesaan. Untuk pengembangan selanjutnya faktor yang perlu diperhatikan untuk menunjang keberhasilan program ini antara lain kelembagaan penyediaan benih bermutu, pengaturan air serta persaingan penggunaan tenaga kerja.</p>
Perubahan Struktural dalam Pembangunan Perkotaan
Authors: Nugroho Iwan , Triyono Budi 
Published: October 2017

<p><strong>English<br /></strong>Urban growth in developing countries show an undesired symtoms. To anticipate the backwardness, urban areas have been driven strongly to increase demand of goods and services for all over national interest. As result, the existing urban is not only matter of spatial as well as economic structural changes, but also performing social and environmental implications. It can be seen in Bogota with an dualism pattern of its social system, the existence of the spatial separation between rich people in the northern and the poor in south and west. The similar phenomenon have been also found in Indonesia. Jakarta have developed very quickly supported by increasing in manufacture and finance sectors, yielding an outstanding economic gains and revenues for the people. However, beyond these conditions there are an unavoidable significant cost that commonly appear as environment quality deterioration. Recommended policies are (1) To improve urban economic productivity which integrated into regional and rural development (2) To increase productivity of urban poor people through improvement of social infrastructure and widening employment, (3) To avoid environment degradation as well as others consequences around poor people areas, and (4) To build an equal perception about urban development and related problems among stakeholders: government, private sectors, and people.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Indonesian<br /></strong>Pertumbuhan daerah kota di negra berkembang menunjukan gejala yang tidak di harapkan.untuk mengantisipasi kondisi keterbelakangan ini, daerah perkotaan haurus di dorong secara kuat untuk meningkatkan permintaan terhadap barang dan pelayanan untuk seluruh kepentingan nasional. permasalahan kota yang telah di hadapi bukan hanya persoalan keruangan dan perubahan struktur ekonomi saja, tapi juga pembentukan implikasi sosial dan lingkungan. hal ini dapat di lihat di Bogota dengan pola dualisme sistem sosialnya, adanya pemisahan ruang antara masyarakat kaya di daerah utara dan masyarakat miskin di daerah selatan dan barat. Fenomena serupa juga di temukan di Indonesia. Jakarta yang berkembang secara cepat dengan dukungan sektor manufaktur dan keuanga, mencapai kondisi ekonomi dan pendapatan yang baik. Bagaimanapun, di balik kondisi tersebut, ditemukan biaya yang tak terhindarkan secara nyata, yang umum muncul berupa penurunan kualitas lingkungan. Beberapa kebijaksanaan direkomendasikan adalah: (1) Meningkatkan produktivitas ekonomi wilayah kota yang terintegrasi ke dalam pembangunan regional dan pedesaan, (2) Meningkatkan produktivitas kelompok miskin perkotaan melalui perbaikan infrastruktur sosial dan perluasan kesempatan kerja, (3) Menghindari perusakan lingkungan serta konsekwensi lainnya di sekitar wilayah masyarakat miskin, dan (4) Membangun persepsi yang seimbang terhadap pembangunan kota dan permasalahan-permasalahan yang berkaitan dengannya: pemerintah, sektor swasta, dan masyarakat.</p>