bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interleukin 1 causing bone destruction in middle ear cholesteatoma
Authors: Ahn Jeffrey M. , Huang Cheng‐Chun , Abramson Maxwell 
Published: April 2016

We previously reported the localization of interleukin 1 in the epithelial layer of human cholesteatomas. On the basis of other studies that showed interleukin 1 can stimulate fibroblasts and macrophages to produce collagenases and prostaglandins, we then proposed that interleukin 1 may play an important role in cholesteatoma‐related bone resorption, also. Our immunocytochemical study involving more human cholesteatoma samples revealed the presence of interleukin 1 in bone cells and monocytes in the region of active bone destruction. In the present study, the effect of interleukin 1 on these cells found at the bone resorption site was examined. By radioimmunoassay, interleukin 1 was shown to stimulate the production of prostaglandin E2 by osteoblasts in vitro. Interleukin 1 also promoted the migration and multinucleation of bone marrow‐derived monocytes. These osteoclast‐like cells formed from monocytes contained tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase, and caused the resorption of the devitalized bone in vitro. Above findings suggest that interleukin 1 could cause the bone destruction in cholesteatomas, not only by stimulating the local bone cells, but also by recruiting monocytes for osteoclastic bone resorption.
Suppression of lymphokine‐activated killer cell cytotoxicity by a soluble factor produced by squamous tumors of the head and neck
Authors: Strasnick Barry , Lagos Nestor , Lichtenstein Alan , Mickel Robert A. 
Published: April 2016

Incubation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) in the presence of interleukin‐2 results in the generation of lymphokine‐activated killer (LAK) cells that are highly cytotoxic to a variety of autologous and allogenic tumor targets. We have identified a noncytotoxic, soluble factor, produced by human squamous cell cancers of the head and neck, that profoundly inhibits the generation of LAK cytotoxicity. Inhibition of the generation of cytotoxicity was demonstrated with coculture of PBL and freshly disaggregated tumor cells in a Transwell two‐chamber system. Alternatively, Inhibition occurred when LAK cells were generated in the presence of tumor‐conditioned supernatants alone. These effects were not observed with conditioned supernatants from autologous or allogenic lymphocytes, human fibroblasts, or the erythroleukemia cell line K562. The presence of this inhibitory factor(s) was not required during the entire period of LAK generation. Suppression of cytotoxicity, measured after 4 days of LAK generation, could also be demonstrated when the conditioned tumor supernatant was present in only the last 24 hours of incubation. Suppression is mediated by a heat‐labile factor with a molecular weight of >75 kd. These results suggest that LAK cytotoxicity may be significantly impaired by soluble immunoregulatory factors present within the tumor milieu of squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. Further characterization of these factors may lead to the development of more rational and effective forms of immunotherapy.
Significance of cadmium from artists’ paints to agricultural soil and the food chain
Authors: Bandow Nicole , Simon Franz-Georg 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

Background
An Annex XV restriction dossier for cadmium in artists’ paints was submitted by an EU member state to the European Chemicals Agency ECHA. By cleaning, used brushes under the tap cadmium can enter the food chain via waste water treatment and subsequent agricultural application of the sewage sludge. It was estimated that 110 kg Cd per year is spread on agricultural land via this exposure route. Other sources of Cd amount to almost 120 tons per year.

Results
The mobility of Cd from pigments was studied in a field-like scenario by leaching experiments using soil samples amended with sewage sludge and spiked with Cd pigments in percolation columns. The redox conditions were confirmed to be the decisive factor for the release of Cd. The release of Cd from artists’ paints was in most cases 1 % or lower in the experiments performed.

Conclusions
Application of sewage sludge containing Cd from artist paints does not increase the amount of Cd leached from this soils. Furthermore, the quantity of Cd from artists’ paints calculated in the restriction dossier is negligible compared to other sources of Cd to agricultural soil. Therefore, ECHA did not consider the proposed restriction to be the most appropriate EU wide measure to address the negligible level of risk.
Burns infection profile of Singapore: prevalence of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and the role of blood cultures
Authors: Song Christopher Tam , Hwee Jolie , Song Colin , Tan Bien Keem , Chong Si Jack 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

Background
With various changes implemented such as perioperative antibiotics for tangential excision, this retrospective study reviews the infection profile of burn patients at Singapore’s only centralized burns unit. Worldwide, the appearance of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains of Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) continues to worsen patient outcomes. This study also surveys the role of blood cultures in burns at our unit.

Methods
Four hundred fifty-two burn patients admitted to the unit between 2011 and 2013, and with cultures performed, were included in the study. The yields of various cultures were evaluated and 2684 samples were amassed, of which 984 (36.7 %) were positive. Patient variables for predictors of MDR A. baumannii infection acquisition and bacteremia were evaluated through multivariate analyses.

Results
Pseuodomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) (67 patients) was the most common organism in those with total body surface area (TBSA) burn &lt;20 % while MDR A. baumannii (39 patients) was most prevalent in those with TBSA burn ≥20 %. We found a yield of 1.1 % positive blood cultures for TBSA burn &lt;20 % and a yield of 18.6 % positive cultures in TBSA burn ≥20 %. The median time between surgery and bacteremia was 6.5 days (range -18 to 68 days, interquartile range 4.5); 2.9 and 8.8 % of bacteremic episodes occurred within 24 and 48 h, respectively. This is a decrease from a predeceasing study (45.3 % for 24 h and 60 % for 48 h). Multivariate analysis revealed that length of hospital stay and TBSA burn ≥20 % were predictors of MDR A. baumannii infection and positive blood cultures.

Conclusions
MDR A. baumannii infection burdens patient management, especially in those with TBSA burn ≥20 % and longer hospital stay. Prophylactic antibiotics may reduce perioperative bacteremia, but their role in MDR infections needs to be evaluated. The role of blood cultures in TBSA burn &lt;20 % needs reconsideration.
Εγκύκλιος περί του εν Αθηναις Μουσείου της Χριστιανικής Αρχαιολογικής Εταιρείας. Το Υπουργείον των εκκλησιαστικών και της δημόσιας εκπαιδεύσεως προς τους Πανοσιωτάτους Ηγουμένους των ανά το Κράτος διατηρουμένων ευαγών Μοναστηρίων και τους περί αυτούς Οσιωτάτους Συμβούλους
Authors: ΧΡΙΣΤΙΑΝΙΚΗ ΑΡΧΑΙΟΛΟΓΙΚΗ ΕΤΑΙΡΕΙΑ (ΧΑΕ) 
Published: April 2016

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What Does Risk-Neutral Skewness Tell Us About Future Stock Returns?
Authors: Stilger Przemysław S. , Kostakis Alexandros , Poon Ser-Huang 
Published: April 2016

This study documents a positive relationship between the option-implied risk-neutral skewness (RNS) of individual stock returns’ distribution and future realized stock returns during the period 1996–2012. A strategy that goes long the quintile portfolio with the highest RNS stocks and short the quintile portfolio with the lowest RNS stocks yields a Fama–French–Carhart alpha of 55 basis points per month (t-statistic of 2.47). The significant underperformance of the portfolio with the most negative RNS stocks is driven by those stocks that are also perceived as relatively overpriced according to a series of overvaluation proxies and are too costly or too risky to sell short, thereby hindering the price correction mechanism. Our findings indicate that a highly negative RNS value, when reflecting high hedging demand for options by investors who perceive the underlying stock as relatively overpriced but hard to sell short, is a robust signal of significant future stock underperformance. This paper was accepted by Jerome Detemple, finance.
A review on heterocyclic moieties and their applications
Authors: Sabir Syed , Alhazza Mansour Ibrahim , Ibrahim Ahmed Aidid 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSeveral described in literature crosslinking methods to obtain heterocyclic moieties were discussed in this review. Selected important properties of polyamides and their synthesis reactions were briefly presented. The heterocyclic moieties displayed a wide range of applications in medicine and industry. New heterocyclic derivatives obtained by linking heterocyclic moiety to amic acids and imides found diverse applications: as surfactants, antimicrobial agents, or corrosion inhibitors. The present article describes the state-of-the art synthesis methods of the heterocyclic compounds and their application.
Whole Cell Bioconversion of (+)-valencene to (+)-nootkatone in 100 % Organic Phase using Yarrowia lipolytica 2.2ab
Authors: Palmerín-Carreño Dulce M. , Rutiaga-Quiñones Olga M. , Verde-Calvo José R. , Prado-Barragán Arely , Huerta-Ochoa Sergio 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The aim of this work was to assess the whole cell bioconversion of (+)-valencene to (+)-nootkatone in 100 % organic phase (orange essential oil) using a stirred tank bioreactor. Yarrowia lipolytica 2.2ab was used to perform bioconversion experiments; 600 mL of orange essential oil was inoculated with 50 cm3 of cell paste containing 13.5 g of biomass previously permeabilized with 0.2 % (w/v) of cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and enriched with 2.0 mM niacin. Experiments were conducted at 200 rpm, 0.5 vvm and 30 °C. The highest (+)-nootkatone yield was ca. 773 mg L−1 after 4 days of conversion. Bioconversion percent and volumetric productivity increased to 82.3 % and 8.06 mg L−1 h−1 compared to those reported previously using a three-phase partitioning bioreactor. The absence of free water in the system did not affect the performance of Y. lipolytica 2.2ab.
Toxicology of a Peruvian botanical remedy to support healthy liver function
Authors: Semple Hugh A. , Sloley B. Duff , Cabanillas José , Chiu Andrea , Aung Steven K. H. , Green Francis H. Y. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

Background: The purpose of these studies was to determine the safety of a botanical treatment for supporting healthy liver function developed in Peru. The formulation, A4+, contains extracts of Curcuma longa L. rhizome (A4R), Cordia lutea Lam. flower (A4F) and Annona muricata L. leaf (A4L). The tests were used to support an application for a non-traditional Natural Health Product Licence from the Natural Health Product Directorate of Health Canada and future clinical trials.

Methods: Besides reviewing the scientific and clinical information from Peru on the ingredients and conducting an initial Ames test for mutagenicity, we analysed A4+ for its chemical profile and tested genotoxicity (micronucleus test) and general toxicity (28-day repeated dose).

Results: A4+ and extracts from the three plants provided distinctive chemical fingerprints. A4L contained acetogenins, requiring a second chromatographic method to produce a specific fingerprint. The Ames test proved positive at the highest concentration (5,000 μg/mL) but A4+ showed no evidence of genotoxicity in the more specific mouse micronucleus test. The 28-day repeated dose (general toxicity) study in rats showed no toxicity at 2,000 mg/kg.

Conclusions: We conclude that under the conditions of these studies, A4+ shows no evidence of toxicity at the levels indicated. A no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of 2,000 mg/kg was assigned.
Particle Swarm Optimization with Enhanced Global Search and Local Search
Authors: Wang Jie , Li Hongwen 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn order to mitigate the problems of premature convergence and low search accuracy that exist in traditional particle swarm optimization (PSO), this paper presents PSO with enhanced global search and local search (EGLPSO). In EGLPSO, most of the particles would be concentrated in global search at the beginning. Along with the iteration, the particles would slowly focus on local search. A new updating strategy would be used for global search, and a partial mutation strategy is applied to the leader particle of local search for a better position. During each iteration, the best particle of global search would exchange information with some particles of local search. EGLPSO is tested on a set of 12 benchmark functions, and it is also compared with other four PSO variants and another six well-known PSO variants. The experimental results showed that EGLPSO can greatly improve the performance of traditional PSO in terms of search accuracy, search efficiency, and global optimality.
Crystal structure of 5,5-bis(4-iodophenyl)-5H-cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b′]dipyridine, C23H14I2N2
Authors: Yin Guo-jie 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
C23H14I2N2, tetragonal, P41212, a = 11.86217(15) Å, b = 11.86217(15) Å, c = 13.9664(3) Å, V = 1965.23(7) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0387, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.1035, T = 293 K.
Crystal structure of poly[bis(adipate-κ4
O,O′:O′′, O′′′)(1,4-bis(2-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)benzene-κ2
N:N′)dizinc(II), C36H38N4O8Zn2
Authors: Xu Chunying , Fu Liyan , Lou Xinhua 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
C36H38N4O8Zn2, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 13.144(3) Å, b = 9.0091(18) Å, c = 15.468(3) Å, β = 112.56(3)°, V = 1691.6(6) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0468, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.0980, T = 293(2) K.
Crystal structure of 1-(2,3-dihydro-4-methyl-3-phenyl-2-thioxothiazol-5-yl)-1-ethanone, C12H11NOS2
Authors: Mabkhot Yahia N. , Ghabbour Hazem A. , Al-Aizari Faiz A. , Al-Showiman Salim 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
C12H11NOS2, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 12.4674 (6) Å, b = 6.7357 (3) Å, c = 14.0709 (6) Å, β = 98.189 (2)°, V = 1169.58 (9) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0316, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.0802, T = 100.
Ni4 and Ni3Ga clusters as building units in Ca3Ni4Ga4 and Sr3Ni3□Ga4
Authors: Seidel Stefan , Pöttgen Rainer 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The gallides Ca3Ni4Ga4 and Sr3Ni3Ga4 were synthesized from arc-melted NixGay precursor alloys and the respective alkaline earth metal in sealed niobium tubes in an induction furnace. Redetermination of the Ca3Ni4Ga4 structure from X-ray single crystal diffractometer data confirmed the X-ray powder data: Na3Pt4Ge4 type, I4̅3m, a=740.6(1) pm, wR2=0.0245, 169 F2 values, 9 variables. The nickel atoms build tetrahedral Ni4 clusters (256 pm Ni–Ni) that are end-on coordinated by gallium atoms (234 pm Ni–Ga). These [Ni4Ga4] units show a bcc packing and leave cavities Ca@Ga4Ni4Ga4 for the calcium atoms. Sr3Ni3Ga4 crystallizes with a new structure type: R3m, a=1039.8(2), c=698.2(1) pm, wR2=0.1048, 636 F2 values, 23 variables. The structure shows twinning by inversion with a domain ratio of 79/21. The structures of Sr3Ni3Ga4 and Ca3Ni4Ga4 are related by a group–subgroup scheme (R3m is a translationengleiche subgroup of I4̅3m). The 8c Ni and Ga subcell sites split into site 3a and 9b each. This allows formation of ordered Ni3Ga tetrahedra (264 pm Ni–Ga) along with ordered gallium vacancies.
A Procedure to Construct Conservation Laws of Nonlinear Evolution Equations
Authors: Yaşar Emrullah , San Sait 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn this article, we established abundant local conservation laws to some nonlinear evolution equations by a new combined approach, which is a union of multiplier and Ibragimov’s new conservation theorem method. One can conclude that the solutions of the adjoint equations corresponding to the new conservation theorem can be obtained via multiplier functions. Many new families of conservation laws of the Pochammer–Chree (PC) equation and the Kaup–Boussinesq type of coupled KdV system are successfully obtained. The combined method presents a wider applicability for handling the conservation laws of nonlinear wave equations. The conserved vectors obtained here can be important for the explanation of some practical physical problems, reductions, and solutions of the underlying equations.
Consecutive three- and four-component coupling-Bagley-Bohlmann-Rahtz syntheses of tri- and tetrasubstituted pyridines
Authors: Dohe Janis , Müller Thomas J.J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe concatenation of the modified Sonogashira alkynone synthesis and the Bagley-Bohlmann-Rahtz pyridine synthesis gives novel consecutive three- and four-component coupling-Bagley-Bohlmann-Rahtz (cBBR) syntheses of tri- and tetrasubstituted pyridines in a one-pot fashion. With these processes 15 differently substituted 3-ethoxycarbonyl 2-methylpyridines can be readily obtained in modest to moderate yields.
A cross‐fostering analysis of bromine ion concentration in rats that inhaled 1‐bromopropane vapor
Authors: Ishidao Toru , Fueta Yukiko , Ueno Susumu , Yoshida Yasuhiro , Hori Hajime 
Published: April 2016

ObjectiveInhaled 1‐bromopropane decomposes easily and releases bromine ion. However, the kinetics and transfer of bromine ion into the next generation have not been clarified. In this work, the kinetics of bromine ion transfer to the next generation was investigated by using cross‐fostering analysis and a one‐compartment model.MethodsPregnant Wistar rats were exposed to 700 ppm of 1‐bromopropane vapor for 6 h per day during gestation days (GDs) 1‐20. After birth, cross‐fostering was performed between mother exposure groups and mother control groups, and the pups were subdivided into the following four groups: exposure group, postnatal exposure group, gestation exposure group, and control group. Bromine ion concentrations in the brain were measured temporally.ResultsBromine ion concentrations in mother rats were lower than those in virgin rats, and the concentrations in fetuses were higher than those in mothers on GD20. In the postnatal period, the concentrations in the gestation exposure group decreased with time, and the biological half‐life was 3.1 days. Conversely, bromine ion concentration in the postnatal exposure group increased until postnatal day 4 and then decreased. This tendency was also observed in the exposure group. A one‐compartment model was applied to analyze the behavior of bromine ion concentration in the brain. By taking into account the increase of body weight and change in the bromine ion uptake rate in pups, the bromine ion concentrations in the brains of the rats could be estimated with acceptable precision.
Barriers to the acceptance of work colleagues infected with Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C in Japan
Authors: Ishimaru Tomohiro , Wada Koji , Arphorn Sara , Smith Derek R. 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundHealthcare workers infected with Hepatitis B (HBV) or Hepatitis C virus (HCV) may undertake patient care activities if provider‐to‐patient transmission risks have been assessed in terms of viral load and clinical procedures. The present study investigated potential barriers to the acceptance of colleagues infected with HBV/HCV in healthcare settings after appropriate risk assessment.MethodsWe conducted an anonymous, internet‐based survey of Japanese nurses. Multivariate logistic analysis was used to assess factors associated with willingness to accept colleagues infected with HBV/HCV after risk assessment.ResultsIn total, 992 nurses responded to the survey, with 16% indicating that colleagues infected with HBV/HCV should not have patient contact after risk assessment. Willingness to accept HBV/HCV‐infected colleagues was negatively associated with attitudes regarding the avoidance of contact with HBV/HCV‐infected colleagues (OR: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.28‐0.85). Previous professional contact with HBV/HCV patients (OR: 1.73; 95% CI: 1.36‐2.12), experience of accidental injection from or personal exposure to HBV/HCV patients (OR: 2.00; 95% CI: 1.42‐2.61), knowledge of HBV/HCV (OR: 2.00; 95% CI: 1.52‐2.49), and female sex (OR: 1.60; 95% CI: 1.17‐2.09) were positively associated with a willingness to accept HBV / HCV‐infected colleagues.ConclusionsThis study suggests that attitudes regarding the avoidance of contact with HBV/HCV‐infected colleagues may be barriers to accepting these colleagues even after risk assessment has been performed. To protect the employment of nurses infected with HBV/HCV, employers should provide comprehensive education for nurses to reduce stigma and improve understanding about the management of staff infected with infectious diseases, such as HBV or HCV.
Control banding assessment of exposure of offset printing workers to organic solvents
Authors: Tsukahara Teruomi , Miyauchi Hiroyuki , Kuwada Daisuke , Kikuchi Tomoko , Tsuda Yoko , Yanagiba Yukie , Arito Heihachiro , Nomiyama Tetsuo 
Published: April 2016

ObjectivesWe aimed to assess the exposure of offset printing workers to hazardous substances in the rinsing processes of small‐sized companies using a control banding method.MethodsWe obtained half‐year amounts of hazardous substances purchased through a questionnaire survey and the hazardous information from the safety data sheets (SDSs) and related literature.ResultsThe amount of petroleum kerosine and carbon hydride markedly increased in 2013 compared with that in 2010. In contrast, the amount of dichloromethane (DCM) decreased in 2013, and 1,2‐dichloropropane (DCP) was not used in either 2010 or 2013. Mineral oil and xylene were allocated to Hazard Group D and judged to require Control Approach 3. In addition to DCM with Global Harmonization System's carcinogenic category 1, mildly treated mineral oil and solvent naphtha, allocated into Hazard Group E, are carcinogenic to humans and were judged to require Control Approach 4. There are two limitations of the control banding assessment: first, only limited and scarce hazard information could be obtained from SDSs, and second, safe‐sided judgment for control technology for industrial hygiene.ConclusionSmall‐sized enterprises are encouraged to implement control banding assessment for hazardous substances and to access expert advice available from Regional Industrial Health Centers. Easy access to appropriate expert advice is important to compensate for the limited and scarce hazard information and safe‐sided judgment for control technology for Control Approaches 3 and 4.
Parental Perception of Weight Status and Weight Gain Across Childhood
Authors: Robinson Eric , Sutin Angelina R. 
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Parents of children who are overweight often fail to accurately identify their child’s weight status. Although these misperceptions are presumed to be a major public health concern, little research has examined whether parental perceptions of child weight status are protective against weight gain during childhood. Our objective was to examine whether parental perceptions of child weight status are associated with weight gain across childhood.

METHODS:
Data from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children were used to assess parental perceptions of child weight status and to examine changes in researcher measured child BMI z scores across childhood, from 4 to 13 years old. Participants included 3557 Australian children and their parents.

RESULTS:
Children whose parents perceived their weight as being “overweight,” as opposed to “about the right weight,” gained more weight (increase in BMI z score) from baseline to follow-up in all analyses. This finding did not depend on the actual weight of the child; the association between perceiving one’s child as being overweight and future weight gain was similar among children whose parents accurately and inaccurately believed their child was overweight.

CONCLUSIONS:
Contrary to popular belief, parental identification of child overweight is not protective against further weight gain. Rather, it is associated with more weight gain across childhood. Further research is needed to understand how parental perceptions of child weight may counterintuitively contribute to obesity.