bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cascade C–C and C–N Bond Formation: A Straightforward Synthesis of Phenanthridines and Fused Quinol­ines
Authors: Borah Ashwini , Gogoi Pranjal 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA Pd‐catalyzed cascade process has been developed for the synthesis of quinoline and phenanthridine derivatives from various β‐chloro α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes and 2‐chloroaryl aldehydes, respectively, in good to high yields. The reaction proceeds through Pd‐catalyzed cascade carbon–carbon and carbon–nitrogen bond formation in a single reaction vessel. The requisite β‐chloro α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes were efficiently synthesized from their corresponding carbonyl compounds. The use of the ligand Sphos with Pd(OAc)2 is crucial for the successful implementation of the present cascade process. This synthetic protocol is also applied for the gram‐scale synthesis of a trispheridine alkaloid.
meso‐to‐meso Sulfide‐ and Disulf­ide‐Bridged Subporphyrin Dimers
Authors: Copley Graeme , Shimizu Daiki , Oh Juwon , Sung Jooyoung , Furukawa Ko , Kim Dongho , Osuka Atsuhiro 
Published: April 2016

AbstractTreatment of meso‐chlorosubporphyrin with controlled equivalents of Na2S·9H2O in DMF led to the formation of either meso‐to‐meso sulfide (S)‐bridged dimer 4 or disulfide (SS)‐bridged subporphyrin dimer 6. S‐bridged dimer 4 displayed a split Soret‐like band and a large Stokes shift and became a fully delocalized one‐quantum system in the S1 state, as indicated by femtosecond transient absorption anisotropy measurements and theoretical calculations. Contrastingly, SS‐bridged dimer 6 showed a broad but nonsplit Soret‐like band, no fluorescence, and very fast S1 decay with a lifetime of 4 ps, which indicated the presence of a rapid decay channel.
Direct conversion from tramadol to tapentadol prolonged release for moderate to severe, chronic malignant tumour‐related pain
Authors: Kress H.G. , Koch E.D. , Kosturski H. , Steup A. , Karcher K. , Dogan C. , Etropolski M. , Eerdekens M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundA recent randomized‐withdrawal, active‐ and placebo‐controlled, double‐blind phase 3 study showed that tapentadol prolonged release (PR) was effective and well tolerated for managing moderate to severe, chronic malignant tumour‐related pain in patients who were opioid naive or dissatisfied with current treatment (Pain Physician, 2014, 17, 329–343). This post hoc, subgroup analysis evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of tapentadol PR in patients who previously received and were dissatisfied with tramadol for any reason and who had a pain intensity ≥5 (11‐point numerical rating scale) before converting directly to tapentadol PR.MethodsIn the original study, eligible patients had been randomized (2:1) and titrated to their optimal dose of tapentadol PR (100–250 mg bid) or morphine sulphate‐controlled release (40–100 mg bid) over 2 weeks. The present report focuses on results during the titration period for a subgroup of patients randomized to tapentadol PR after having been on tramadol treatment prior to randomization in the study (n = 129). Results for this subgroup are compared with results for all 338 patients who received tapentadol PR during titration (overall tapentadol PR group).ResultsResponder rates (responders: completed titration, mean pain intensity <5 [0–10 scale] and ≤20 mg/day rescue medication during last 3 days) were slightly better for the tramadol/tapentadol PR subgroup (69.8% [90/129]) vs. the overall tapentadol PR group (63.9% [214/335]). Tolerability profiles were comparable for both groups.ConclusionsResults of this subgroup analysis indicate that patients with cancer pain could safely switch from prior treatment with the weak centrally acting analgesic tramadol directly to the strong centrally acting analgesic tapentadol PR, for an improved analgesic therapy for severe pain.What does this study add?

Results of this post hoc analysis show that patients who had received prior tramadol therapy could switch directly to tapentadol PR, with the majority (˜70%) experiencing improved efficacy.
Zebrafish embryo toxicity of anaerobic biotransformation products from the insensitive munitions compound 2,4-dinitroanisole
Authors: Olivares Christopher I. , Sierra-Alvarez Reyes , Abrell Leif , Chorover Jon , Simonich Michael , Tanguay Robert L. , Field Jim A. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

2,4-Dinitroanisole (DNAN) is an emerging insensitive munitions compound that readily undergoes anaerobic nitro-group reduction to 2-methoxy-5-nitroaniline (MENA) and 2,4-diaminoanisole (DAAN), followed by formation of unique azo dimers. Currently there is little knowledge on the ecotoxicity of DNAN (bio)transformation products. In the present study, mortality, development, and behavioral effects of DNAN (bio)transformation products were assessed using zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. The authors tested individual products, MENA and DAAN, as well as dimer and trimer surrogates. As pure compounds, 3-nitro-4-methoxyaniline and 2,2′-dimethoxy-4,4′-azodianiline caused statistically significant effects, with lowest-observable–adverse effect levels (LOAEL) at 6.4 μM on 1 or 2 developmental endpoints, respectively. The latter had 6 additional statistically significant developmental endpoints with LOAELs of 64 μM. Based on light-to-dark swimming behavioral tests, DAAN (640 μM) caused reduction in swimming, suggestive of neurotoxicity. No statistically significant mortality occurred (≤64 μM) for any of the individual compounds. However, metabolite mixtures formed during different stages of MENA (bio)transformation in soil were characterized using high-resolution mass spectrometry in parallel with zebrafish embryo toxicity assays, which demonstrated statistically significant mortality during the onset of azo-dimer formation. Overall the results indicate that several DNAN (bio)transformation products cause different types of toxicity to zebrafish embryos. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2774–2781. © 2016 SETAC
A gas‐kinetic scheme for the simulation of turbulent flows on unstructured meshes
Authors: Pan Dongxin , Zhong Chengwen , Li Ji , Zhuo Congshan 
Published: April 2016

SummaryThis paper presents a numerical method for simulating turbulent flows via coupling the Boltzmann BGK equation with Spalart–Allmaras one equation turbulence model. Both the Boltzmann BGK equation and the turbulence model equation are carried out using the finite volume method on unstructured meshes, which is different from previous works on structured grid. The application of the gas‐kinetic scheme is extended to the simulation of turbulent flows with arbitrary geometries. The adaptive mesh refinement technique is also adopted to reduce the computational cost and improve the efficiency of meshes. To organize the unstructured mesh data structure efficiently, a non‐manifold hybrid mesh data structure is extended for polygonal cells. Numerical experiments are performed on incompressible flow over a smooth flat plate and compressible turbulent flows around a NACA 0012 airfoil using unstructured hybrid meshes. These numerical results are found to be in good agreement with experimental data and/or other numerical solutions, demonstrating the applicability of the proposed method to simulate both subsonic and transonic turbulent flows. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Forecasting Ability of a Periodic Component Extracted from Large‐Cap Index Time Series
Authors: O'Shea Michael J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWe develop a method to extract periodic variations in a time series that are hidden in large non‐periodic and stochastic variations. This method relies on folding the time series many times and allows direct visualization of a hidden periodic component without resorting to any fitting procedure. Applying this method to several large‐cap stock time series in Europe, Japan and the USA yields a component with periodicity of 1 year. Out‐of‐sample tests on these large‐cap time series indicate that this periodic component is able to forecast long‐term (decade) behavior for large‐cap time series. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimization of production and quality evaluation of maize‐based snack supplemented with soybean and tiger‐nut (Cyperus esculenta)flour
Authors: Awolu Olugbenga O. , Omoba Olufunmilayo S. , Olawoye Olumide , Dairo Modupe 
Published: April 2016

AbstractOptimization of the production and evaluation of the quality of maize‐based snack supplemented with soy and tigernut flour was carried out. Experimental design for the composite flour was carried out using optimal design model of response surface methodology. The variables were toasted maize flour (75–85%), soy flour (10–20%), and tigernut flour (5–10%); while the responses were proximate composition and mineral contents. Three blends were selected from optimization results; runs 2, 7, and 11. The functional properties, pasting properties, antioxidant, antinutritional, and amino acid profile of the three blends were evaluated. In addition, sensory evaluation of the cookies produced from the three blends was determined. The results (75/100 g toasted maize flour, 20/100 g soy flour, and 5/100 g tigernut flour) had 16.4/100 g protein, 4.2/100 g ash, 3.5/100 g moisture, 58.5/100 g carbohydrate, 3.0/100 g crude fiber, 14.4/100 g fat, 30.20 ppm calcium, 38.90 ppm potassium, 0.25 ppm manganese, 1.91 ppm iron, 0.14 ppm copper, and 0.98 ppm zinc contents. It also had best overall acceptability.
“He Didn't Add More Evidence”: Using Historical Graphic Novels to Develop Language Learners' Disciplinary Literacy
Authors: Park Jie Y. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA growing body of work has contributed to the theorizing and practice of disciplinary literacy instruction at the secondary level. However, there has been relatively little attention paid to pedagogical supports—texts and practices—that can foster historical literacy development in English learners who begin their U.S. schooling in middle or high school. Using discourse data collected from an after‐school literacy program, the author shows how a historical graphic novel can foster disciplinary literacy by helping students approach history as an account. She posits that in order for students to ponder authorial choices, question representations, and grapple with considerations of truthfulness, they have to understand that what they are reading is an account of history—a person's interpretation and construction of the past. The study's findings have implications for practitioners and researchers interested in the intersections of English learners, graphic novels, and disciplinary literacy in history.
Modulation of Osteoblastic Cell Efferocytosis by Bone Marrow Macrophages
Authors: Michalski Megan N. , Koh Amy J. , Weidner Savannah , Roca Hernan , McCauley Laurie K. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTApoptosis occurs at an extraordinary rate in the human body and the effective clearance of dead cells (efferocytosis) is necessary to maintain homeostasis and promote healing, yet the contribution and impact of this process in bone is unclear. Bone formation requires that bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) differentiate into osteoblasts which direct matrix formation and either become osteocytes, bone lining cells, or undergo apoptosis. A series of experiments were performed to identify the regulators and consequences of macrophage efferocytosis of apoptotic BMSCs (apBMSCs). Bone marrow derived macrophages treated with the anti‐inflammatory cytokine interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) exhibited increased efferocytosis of apBMSCs compared to vehicle treated macrophages. Additionally, IL‐10 increased anti‐inflammatory M2‐like macrophages (CD206+), and further enhanced efferocytosis within the CD206+ population. Stattic, an inhibitor of STAT3 phosphorylation, reduced the IL‐10‐mediated shift in M2 macrophage polarization and diminished IL‐10‐directed efferocytosis of apBMSCs by macrophages implicating the STAT3 signaling pathway. Cell culture supernatants and RNA from macrophages co‐cultured with apoptotic bone cells showed increased secretion of monocyte chemotactic protein 1/chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 2 (MCP‐1/CCL2) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF‐β1) and increased ccl2 gene expression. In conclusion, IL‐10 increases M2 macrophage polarization and enhances macrophage‐mediated engulfment of apBMSCs in a STAT3 phosphorylation‐dependent manner. After engulfment of apoptotic bone cells, macrophages secrete TGF‐β1 and MCP‐1/CCL2, factors which fuel the remodeling process. A better understanding of the role of macrophage efferocytosis as it relates to normal and abnormal bone turnover will provide vital information for future therapeutic approaches to treat bone related diseases. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2697–2706, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
CO2 Capture in Aluminum‐Based Metal‐organic Frameworks: A Theoretical Study
Authors: Lu Yu‐Huan , Chen Hsin‐Tsung 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBased on density functional theory calculations with van der Waals corrected functional, we study the in‐ teractions between CO2 and two novel Aluminum‐Based metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) with two kinds of organic linkers: 2, 5‐thiophenedicarboxylic acid (TDC), 2, 5‐furandicarboxylic acid (FDC), named Al‐TDC and Al‐FDC. Our calculations show that CO2 can interact with Al‐TDC and Al‐FDC MOFs via three kinds of interactions: (1) weak hydrogen bond interactions by an OCO2 with the elec‐ tron‐deficient H atom of the linker (thiophene ring and furan ring) or of the OH ligand; (2) Lewis‐base in‐ teraction by an OCO2 with the linker (thiophene ring and furan ring); (3) lone pair interaction between OCO2 and S atom of thioph‐ene ring or O atom of furan ring. We show that a judicious modification of the organic linker increases the binding energy from −30.31∼−33.86 kcal/mol (FDC) to −33.98∼−38.92 kcal/mol (TDC). The results may provide useful information for the design of future CO2‐philes MOFs.
Relationship Between the Serum Total Bilirubin and Inflammation in Patients With Psoriasis Vulgaris
Authors: Zhou Zhen‐Xing , Chen Jian‐Kui , Hong Yan‐Ying , Zhou Ru , Zhou Dong‐Mei , Sun Li‐Yun , Qin Wen‐Li , Wang Tian‐Cheng 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundPsoriasis is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory skin disease. Previous studies have shown that bilirubin has anti‐inflammation and antioxidant effects. However, the various roles of bilirubin in psoriasis patients are still unclear.ObjectiveTo investigate the serum total bilirubin (TB) level in the individuals with psoriasis vulgaris and further evaluate the relationship between serum TB concentration and C‐reactive protein (CRP) to clarify the effect of bilirubin on inflammation.MethodsA total of 214 patients with psoriasis vulgaris and 165 age‐ and gender‐matched healthy control subjects were recruited. The peripheral leukocyte count (white blood cell, WBC) and differential, serum biochemical and immunologic indexes including serum TB, immunoglobulin (Ig) G, IgA, IgM, complement C3 and C4, as well as serum CRP concentrations were measured.ResultsResults showed that the serum TB level decreased significantly and peripheral WBC, neutrophil, and serum CRP concentrations increased significantly in patients with psoriasis vulgaris. Meanwhile, the serum CRP was negatively correlated with serum TB levels but positively correlated with peripheral WBC and the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI). Logistic regression analysis showed that the serum TB was a protective factor for psoriasis vulgaris.ConclusionThe present study suggests that lower serum TB is associated with the enhancement of the inflammatory response in psoriasis vulgaris. Therefore, lower serum TB has a prognostic significance for worsening psoriasis vulgaris. Bilirubin may play a crucial role in inflammation by contributing to the inhibition of the inflammatory response.
Anti Saccharomyces cerevisiae Antibodies in Patients With Anti‐β2 Glycoprotein I Antibodies
Authors: Mankaï Amani , Layouni Skander , Ghedira Ibtissem 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundIn this study, cross‐reactive epitopes on β2 glycoprotein I and Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been described. The objective of our study was to determine the frequency of anti S. cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA) in patients with anti‐β2 glycoprotein I antibodies (aβ2GPI).MethodsA retrospective study was conducted in 77 patients with aβ2GPI (aβ2GPI‐IgG or aβ2GPI‐IgA). Eighty blood donors were used as a control group. ASCA IgG and ASCA IgA were determined by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).ResultsThirteen patients among 77 had ASCA. ASCA (IgA or IgG) was significantly more frequent in patients than in healthy subjects (16.9% vs. 3.7%, P = 0.01). The positivity of both ASCA IgG and ASCA IgA is higher in patients than in control group (6.5% vs. 0%, P = 0.02). The frequency of ASCA IgG was significantly higher in patients than in the control group (15.6% vs. 2.5%, P = 0.009). In females, the frequency of ASCA IgG was significantly higher in patients than in control group (17.5% vs. 3.7%, P = 0.03). The average titer of ASCA IgG was significantly higher in patients than in the control group (9.7 ± 23 U/ml vs. 2.2 ± 2.8 U/ml; P = 0.004). ASCA IgG was significantly more frequent than ASCA IgA in all patients (15.6% vs. 7.8%, P = 0.04).ConclusionThe frequency of ASCA was significantly higher in patients with aβ2GPI than in the control group.
Urinary Albumin Detection: Comparison of Two Different Methods
Authors: Molinario Rossana , Pocino Krizia , Daloiso Pio Dante , Giannace Angela , Spirito Giulia , Zuppi Cecilia , Antenucci Mirca 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundMonitoring urinary albumin is a useful method in clinical practice for the management of diabetic nephropathy, chronic kidney disease, and hypertension. Currently there are neither standardized methods nor reference material for the determination of urinary albumin; for this reason it is useful to compare different assays used in clinical laboratory.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to verify analytical performance of an immunoturbidimetric assay on Roche Cobas 8000 platform and to compare urinary albumin results with those obtained by immunonephelometry on Siemens Dade Behring BN II Nephelometer.ResultsThe method comparison showed a good linear relationship, confirmed by Passing–Bablok and Bland–Altman plots. The turbidimetric assay meets the requirements of accuracy and precision for the practice of medical diagnostics and clinical use.ConclusionsThe present study can contribute to the methods standardization and harmonization of urinary albumin assay.
Semiautomated Segmentation and Measurement of Cytoplasmic Vacuoles in a Neutrophil With General‐Purpose Image Analysis Software
Authors: Mizukami Maki , Yamada Misaki , Fukui Sayaka , Fujimoto Nao , Yoshida Shigeru , Kaga Sanae , Obata Keiko , Jin Shigeki , Miwa Keiko , Masauzi Nobuo 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundMorphological observation of blood or marrow film is still described nonquantitatively. We developed a semiautomatic method for segmenting vacuoles from the cytoplasm using Photoshop (PS) and Image‐J (IJ), called PS‐IJ, and measured the relative entire cell area (rECA) and relative areas of vacuoles (rAV) in the cytoplasm of neutrophil with PS‐IJ.MethodsWhole‐blood samples were stored at 4°C with ethylenediaminetetraacetate and in two different preserving manners (P1 and P2). Color‐tone intensity levels of neutrophil images were semiautomatically compensated using PS, and then vacuole portions were automatically segmented by IJ. The rAV and rECA were measured by counting pixels by IJ. For evaluating the accuracy in segmentations of vacuoles with PS‐IJ, the rAV/rECA ratios calculated with results from PS‐IJ were compared with those calculated with human eye and IJ (HE‐IJ).ResultsThe rECA and rAV/ in P1 significantly (P < 0.05, P < 0.05) were enlarged and increased, but did not significantly (P = 0.46, P = 0.21) change in P2. The rAV/rECA ratios by PS‐IJ were significantly correlated (r = 0.90, P < 0.01) with those by HE‐IJ.ConclusionPS‐IJ method can successfully segment vacuoles and measure the rAV and rECA, becoming a useful tool for quantitative description of morphological observation of blood and marrow film.
Conversion of rice husks to polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) via a three‐step process: optimized alkaline pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, and biosynthesis by Burkholderia cepaciaUSM (JCM 15050)
Authors: Heng King‐Sern , Hatti‐Kaul Rajni , Adam Farook , Fukui Toshiaki , Sudesh Kumar 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDRice husks (RH) are agricultural residues with abundant storage of cellulose and hemicellulose, making them a potential feedstock for polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production. In this study, optimization of pretreatment with alkali under various conditions was performed before enzymatic hydrolysis using Celluclast 1.5 L (EC 3.2.1.4) and Novozyme 188 (EC 3.2.1.21). The hydrolysate was fed to two strains, Burkholderia cepacia USM (JCM 15050) and Cupriavidus necator NSDG‐GG, an engineered strain of Cupriavidus necator H16, to evaluate their PHA production.RESULTSPretreatment of RH using 1.0 mol L−1 potassium hydroxide (KOH) at high temperature and pressure (HTP) (121 °C, 0.1 MPa) gave maximum sugar yield of up to 87% (per total carbohydrate content) after optimized enzymatic hydrolysis, whereby the undiluted hydrolysate contained approximately 20 g L−1 total reducing sugars (TRS). B. cepacia USM utilized the hydrolysate more efficiently compared with C. necator NSDG‐GG, with a maximum cell dry weight (CDW) of 4.9 g L−1 and 40 wt% PHA at shake‐flask scale. The CDW and PHA content of B. cepacia USM cultivated in a 5 L fermentor were 7.8 g L−1 and 50%, respectively. The decrease in total phenolics at the end of fermentation suggested that B. cepacia USM was able to metabolize phenolic compounds.CONCLUSIONThrough optimized alkali pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis, RH has the potential to be converted to PHA by B. cepacia USM, thus valorizing this agricultural by‐product. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Double plating in Vancouver type B1 periprosthetic proximal femur fractures: A biomechanical study
Authors: Wähnert Dirk , Grüneweller Niklas , Gehweiler Dominic , Brunn Benjamin , Raschke Michael J. , Stange Richard 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTPeriprosthetic hip fractures are an increasing problem in modern orthopedic and trauma surgery. Many options for the operative treatment are available to the surgeon ranging from modern variable angular systems to standard plates, screws, and cerclages. However, there is no gold standard and therefore, the aim of this study, was to investigate the biomechanical characteristics of double plating versus a lateral standard plate in a Vancouver B1 fracture model. Ten 4th generation composite femora were used to implant cementless total hip prosthesis and create Vancouver B1 periprosthetic fractures. Afterwards, the osteotomies were fixed using the locking compression plate in combination with the locking attachment plate (LCP, LAP, DePuy Synthes, Solothurn, Switzerland)‐group I. Group II additionally achieved a 5‐hole 4.5/5.0 mm LCP anteriorly. Each construct was cyclically loaded to failure in axial compression. Axial construct stiffness was 50.87 N/mm (SD 1.61) for group I compared to 738.68 N/mm (SD 94.8) for group II, this difference was statistically significant (p = 0.016). The number of cycles to failure was also significant higher for group II (2,375 vs. 13,000 cycles; p = 0.016). Double plating can significantly increase construct stiffness and stability, and thus, is an option in the treatment of complex periprosthetic fractures, in revision surgery and for patients with the inability to partial weight bear. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:234–239, 2017.