bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolation, identification, and characterisation of the malachite green detoxifying bacterial strainBacillus pacificusROC1 and the azoreductase AzrC
Authors: Bibi Shanza , Breeze Callum W. , Jadoon Vusqa , Fareed Anum , Syed Alina , Frkic Rebecca L. , Zaffar Habiba , Ali Muhammad , Zeb Iftikhar , Jackson Colin J. , Naqvi Tatheer Alam 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMalachite green (MG) is used as a dye for materials such as wood, cotton, and nylon, and is used in aquaculture to prevent fungal and protozoan diseases. However, it is highly toxic, with carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic properties, resulting in bans worldwide. Despite this, MG is still frequently used in many countries due to its efficacy and economy. MG is persistent in the environment and so requires degradative intervention. In this work we isolatedBacillus pacificusROC1 strain from a salt flat in Pakistan that had the ability to aerobically detoxify MG, as determined by bacterio- and phyto-toxicity assays. We demonstrate immobilizedB. pacificusROC1 can effectively detoxify MG, which highlights a potential method for its biodegradation. Genomic sequencing identified three candidate azo-reductases withinB. pacificusROC1 that could be responsible for the MG-degrading activity. These were cloned, expressed and purified fromEscherichia coli, with one (AzrC), catalyzing the reduction of MG to leuco-MGin vitro.AzrC was crystallised and MG was captured within the active site in a Michaelis complex, providing structural insight into the reduction mechanism. Altogether, this work identifies a bacterium capable of aerobically degrading a major industrial pollutant and characterizes the molecular basis for this activity.
Gaze biases can reflect task-specific spatial memorization strategies
Authors: Chota Samson , Arora Kabir , Kenemans J. Leon , Gayet Surya , Van der Stigchel Stefan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPrevious work has suggested that small directional eye movements not only reveal the focus of external spatial attention towards visible stimuli, but also accompany shifts of internal attention to stimuli in visual working memory (VWM)(van Ede et al., 2019). When the orientations of two bars are memorized and a subsequent retro-cue indicates which orientation needs to be reported, participants’ gaze is systematically biased towards the former location of the cued item (Figure 1AB). This finding was interpreted as evidence that the oculomotor system indexes internal attention; that is, attention directed at the location of stimuli that are no longer presented but are maintained in VWM. Importantly, as the location of the bars is presumably not relevant to the memory report, the authors concluded that orientation features in VWM are automatically associated with locations, suggesting that VWM is inherently spatially organized. This conclusion depends on the key assumption that participants indeed memorize and subsequently attend orientation features. Here we re-analyse Experiment 1 by van Ede et al. (2019) and demonstrate that this assumption does not hold. Instead of memorizing orientation features, participants deployed an alternative spatial strategy by memorizing bar endpoints. Although we do not call into question the conclusion that internal attention is inherently spatially organized, our results do imply that directional gaze biases might also reflect attention directed at task-relevant stimulus endpoints, rather than internal attention directed at memorized orientations.
Active foam dynamics of tissue spheroid fusion
Authors: Ongenae Steven , Svitina Hanna , Belpaire Tom E. R. , Vangheel Jef , Martens Tobie , Vanden Berghe Pieter , Papantoniou Ioannis , Smeets Bart 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThree-dimensional tissue spheroids are a key building block in biofabrication, yet the link between their material properties and active mechanics of individual cells is not fully understood. We study the material properties of small spheroids of human periosteum-derived cells as they effect spheroid fusion, an elementary operation for constructing large tissue structures. We use two-photon confocal microscopy to measure cell-cell tension and individual cell motility throughout fusion. Cytoskeletal inhibition through Y-27632 (ROCKi) results in more granular tissues with decreased cell rearrangements, but accelerated fusion. Further reducing cell contractility with blebbistatin and ROCKi increases tissue granularity, decreases rearrangements, and slows down fusion. In all conditions, complete fusion is associated with frequent cellular rearrangements. Using a novel computational model that represents tissue material as an active cellular foam, with cells depicted as viscous shells with interfacial tension and persistent, random motility, we construct a phase diagram of spheroid fusion in function of relative cell-cell tension and cell motility. Our results reveal a close relationship between microscopic tissue fluidity and the visco-elastic properties of spheroid fusion. Additionally, we find that cell-cell friction promotes arrested fusion by inducing jamming through a distinct physical mechanism. Combined, our findings offer a framework for understanding spheroid fusion dynamics that can aid in the robust generation of large tissue constructs for regenerative medicine.
SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant induces severe damages in the nasal cavity from the first day post-infection in the Syrian hamster model
Authors: Fusade-Boyer Maxime , Gambino Adèle , Merle-Nguyen Laetitia , Saint-Albin Audrey , Ando-Grard Ophélie , Boujedli Younes , Huet Hélène , Gouilh Meriadeg Ar , Martin-Latil Sandra , Klonjkowski Bernard , Meunier Nicolas , Poder Sophie Le 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 replication initiates in the nasal cavity and can spread to the lower respiratory tract. However, the early physiopathological events that occur in the nasal cavity after infection remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the initial steps of viral infection from 1 day post-infection (dpi) in Syrian hamsters infected with SARS-CoV-2 D614G, Delta and Omicron (BA.1) variants and compared them with animals sacrificed at 4 dpi. While the level of viral replication in the nasal turbinates of the three groups of hamsters was equivalent at 4dpi, the amount of viral RNA at 1dpi was higher in D614G- and Delta-infected animals than in the Omicron group. No difference in viral RNA levels or inflammatory markers in the nasal turbinates was observed between D614G- and Delta-infected animals, except for a significantly higher level of IFN-λ in the Delta group at 1dpi. Additionally, histological analysis revealed a more rapid diffusion of the Delta virus reaching the posterior zone of the nasal cavity at 1dpi inducing significant damage to the olfactory epithelium. At the same time, the D614G and Omicron infections were essentially restricted to the anterior part of the nasal cavity with less damage observed. Consistently, viral replication was already effective in the lungs of all Delta- infected hamsters at 1 dpi, but only in two of the six D614G animals. Our results highlight the importance of studying viral infection in the nasal cavity very early after infection with a spatial approach to better understand the physiopathology of the different SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Thermal radiation, Soret and Dufour effects on MHD mixed convective Maxwell hybrid nanofluid flow under porous medium: a numerical study
Authors: Jayaprakash J. , Govindan Vediyappan , Santra S.S. , Askar S.S. , Foul Abdelaziz , Nandi Susmay , Hussain Syed Modassir 
Published: August 2024

Purpose
Scientists have been conducting trials to find ways to reduce fuel consumption and enhance heat transfer rates to make heating systems more efficient and cheaper. Adding solid nanoparticles to conventional liquids may greatly improve their thermal conductivity, according to the available evidence. This study aims to examine the influence of external magnetic flux on the flow of a mixed convective Maxwell hybrid non-Newtonian nanofluid over a linearly extending porous flat plate. The investigation considers the effects of thermal radiation, Dufour and Soret.

Design/methodology/approach
The mathematical model is formulated based on the fundamental assumptions of mass, energy and momentum conservation. The implicit models are epitomized by a set of interconnected nonlinear partial differential equations, which include a suitable and comparable adjustment. The numerical solution to these equations is assessed for approximate convergence by the Runge−Kutta−Fehlberg method based on the shooting technique embedded with the MATLAB software.

Findings
The findings are presented through graphical representations, offering a visual exploration of the effects of various dynamic parameters on the flow field. These parameters encompass a wide range of factors, including radiation, thermal and Brownian diffusion parameters, Eckert, Lewis and Soret numbers, magnetic parameters, Maxwell fluid parameters, Darcy numbers, thermal and solutal buoyancy factors, Dufour and Prandtl numbers. Notably, the authors observed that nanoparticles with a spherical shape exerted a significant influence on the stream function, highlighting the importance of nanoparticle geometry in fluid dynamics. Furthermore, the analysis revealed that temperature profiles of nanomaterials were notably affected by their shape factor, while concentration profiles exhibited an opposite trend, providing valuable insights into the behavior of nanofluids in porous media.

Originality/value
A distinctive aspect of the research lies in its novel exploration of the impact of external magnetic flux on the flow of a mixed convective Maxwell hybrid non-Newtonian nanofluid over a linearly extending porous flat plate. By considering variables such as solar radiation, external magnetic flux, thermal and Brownian diffusion parameters and nanoparticle shape factor, the authors ventured into uncharted territory within the realm of fluid dynamics. These variables, despite their significant relevance, have not been extensively studied in previous research, thus underscoring the originality and value of the authors’ contribution to the field.
The impact of COVID-19 stringency measures on emerging stock market stability: Does economic resilience matter?
Authors: Lebdaoui Hind , Kiyadi Ikram , Bendriouch Fatima Zahra , Chetioui Youssef , Lebdaoui Firdaous , Alhayki Zainab 
Published: August 2024

PurposeThe current research aims to investigate the impact of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) evolution, government stringency measures and economic resilience on stock market volatility in the Middle East and North African (MENA) emerging markets. Other macroeconomic factors were also taken into account.Design/methodology/approachBased on financial data from 10 selected MENA countries, we tested an integrated framework that has not yet been explored in prior research. The exponential generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (E-GARCH) was adopted to analyze data from March 2020 to February 2022.FindingsOur research illustrates the direct and indirect effects of the virus outbreak on stock market stability and reports that economic resilience could alleviate the volatility shock. This finding is robust across the various proxies of economic resilience used in this study. We also argue that the negative impact of the pandemic on equity market variation gets more pronounced in countries with higher level of stringency scores.Practical implicationsPolicymakers ought to strengthen their economic structures and reinforce the economic governance at the national level to gain existing and potential investors’ trust and ensure lower stock market volatilities in times of crisis. Our study also recommends some key economic factors to consider while establishing efficient policies to tackle unexpected shocks and prevent financial meltdowns.Originality/valueOur findings add to the evolving literature on the reaction of economic and financial markets to the sanitary crisis, particularly in developing countries where research is still scarce. This study is the first of its kind to investigate the stock market reaction to stringency measures in the understudied MENA region.
Letter: Resmetirom for treatment of MASH with children and adolescents
Authors: Zhou Yong‐Hai , Kehar Mohit , Ng Nicholas Beng Hui , Zheng Ming‐Hua 
Published: August 2024

LINKED CONTENTThis article is linked to Harrison et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17734 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18022
Fear of Childbirth After Major Orthopedic Traumas: A Nationwide Multi‐Register Analysis
Authors: Vaajala Matias , Liukkonen Rasmus , Kuitunen Ilari , Ponkilainen Ville , Mattila Ville M. , Kekki Maiju 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the association between previous major traumas and the prevalence of fear of childbirth (FOC) and the subsequent effects of FOC on the intended mode of delivery.MethodsIn this nationwide retrospective register‐based cohort study, data from the Care Register for Health Care were linked with the National Medical Birth Register (MBR) to evaluate the prevalence of FOC after major traumas. A total of 18,573 pregnancies met the inclusion criteria. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to assess the effects of FOC on the intended mode of delivery. Women with major traumas before pregnancy were compared to individuals with wrist fractures. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% CIs between the groups were compared.ResultsOf those pregnancies that occurred after major traumas, 785 (6.2%) women were diagnosed with FOC after traumatic brain injury (TBI), 111 (6.1%) women after spine fracture, 38 (5.0%) women after pelvic fracture, 22 (3.2%) women after hip or thigh fracture, and 399 (5.2%) women in the control group. Among those women diagnosed with FOC, the adjusted odds for elective CB as an intended mode of delivery were highest among women with previous spine fractures (aOR 2.28, CI 1.45–3.60) when compared to the control group.ConclusionsWe found no evidence of differences in maternal FOC in patients with preceding major traumas when compared to the control group. Therefore, it seems highly likely that the major trauma itself is the explanatory factor for the increased rate of elective CB.
Genetic testing for familial hyperaldosteronism type 1 in Aotearoa/New Zealand
Authors: Elston Marianne S. , Tamatea Jade A. U. , King Richard I. , Florkowski Chris M. , Boyle Veronica 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundPrimary aldosteronism (PA) is the most common secondary endocrine cause of hypertension with familial hyperaldosteronism type 1 (FH‐1), a rare heritable subtype. Timely identification of FH‐1 is important because of an increased risk of vascular events in affected individuals and because it provides the opportunity to guide appropriate treatment. Genetic testing is recommended if onset is at a young age (<20 years), there is a family history of PA or early cerebrovascular events occur.AimsTo assess national rates of testing for FH‐1, whether this varied over time and by region.MethodsDe‐identified data were obtained on genetic testing performed for FH‐1 from 1 April 2010 to 30 October 2023 (163 months) from the Canterbury Health Laboratories database, the sole national testing laboratory for FH‐1.ResultsA total of 147 tests were performed, of which 19 (12.9%) were positive. Eleven of the positive tests were requested by one region. Testing rates varied from 0.00 to 0.63 per 100 000 people per annum. Most tests were requested by endocrinology services. Testing increased over time from an average of 4.6 tests per annum in the first 5 years of the period studied to 17.7 tests in the most recent 5 years. Limitations include lack of ethnicity data, information on testing indications and testing rates for other familial PA subtypes.ConclusionsTesting for FH‐1 has increased over time but remains low. Testing for familial forms of PA should be considered in those in whom PA was diagnosed at a young age or with a suggestive family history.
Associations between sex, race/ethnicity, and age and the initiation of chronic high‐risk medication in US older adults
Authors: Jungo Katharina Tabea , Choudhry Niteesh K. , Chaitoff Alexander , Lauffenburger Julie C. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundHigh‐risk medication use is associated with an increased risk of adverse events, but little is known about its chronic utilization by key demographic groups. We aimed to study the associations between age, sex, and race/ethnicity with new chronic use of high‐risk medications in older adults.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed data from older adults aged ≥65 years enrolled in a national health insurer who started a high‐risk medication between 2017 and 2022 across 16 high‐risk medication classes. We used generalized estimating equations to estimate the associations between sociodemographic classifications and the onset of chronic high‐risk medication use after initiation (≥90 days' supply across ≥2 fills within 180 days). We adjusted the analyses for sociodemographic and clinical patient characteristics and added three‐way interaction terms for race/ethnicity, sex, and age to explore whether the outcome varied across different subgroups of race/ethnicity, age, and sex.ResultsAcross 2,751,069 patients (mean age: 74 years [SD = 7], 72% White, 60% Female), 406,075 (15%) became new chronic users of ≥1 high‐risk medication. Compared to White older adults, Asian (RR = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.79–0.84), Black (RR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.90–0.94), and Hispanic (RR = 0.85, 95% CI: 0.83–0.86) older adults had a lower risk of becoming new chronic users. Men had a higher risk compared to women (RR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.08–1.10). Age was not significantly associated with new chronic high‐risk medication use (≥75 years: RR = 1.00, 95% CI: 1.00–1.01). We observed differences across some medication classes, like benzodiazepines, first‐generation antihistamines, and antimuscarinics for which non‐White older adults were at a higher risk. The joint presence of specific age, sex, and race/ethnicity characteristics decreased the risk of becoming a new chronic user (e.g., Hispanic/Female/65–74 years: RR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.94–0.99).ConclusionsNew chronic high‐risk medication use varied across older adults by sociodemographic characteristics, suggesting the need to individualize medication optimization approaches and better understand how systematic barriers in access to health care may influence differences in high‐risk medication use in older adults.
Frail Older Adults' Needs and Preferences for Mobile Health Exercise Interventions Guided by Nudge Theory: AQualitative Analysis
Authors: Peng Ruotong , Cao Zeng , Hu Shaolong , Liu Xinzhou , Guo Yongzhen , Li Xiaoyang , Zhang Chi , Feng Hui 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTAimTo explore frail older adults' preferences and needs regarding mobile health (mHealth) exercise interventions in China. Additionally, it sought to identify the nudge strategies necessary for initiating and sustaining exercise behaviours among frail older adults.DesignA qualitative study.MethodThe semi‐structured interviews were conducted between April and May 2024 from two communities in Changsha, China. The data were analysed using a deductive framework analysis aligned to nudge theory, and an inductive thematic analysis to gather relevant needs and preferences.ResultsThis study involved 14 participants with pre‐frailty or frailty, aged 60–82 years (median age of 64 years). While participants were generally receptive to new technologies, lower levels of health literacy and competing priorities often hindered their participation. Three primary functionality requirements were as follows. (1) Profession engagement: tailored exercise prescription, professional and timely feedback and guidance; (2) personalised knowledge encompassing pain management, successful cases and inspiration; (3) beneficial, tailored, dynamic, fragmented, challenging exercise courses. Participants showed positive attitudes towards simplification nudges, gamification nudges, social nudges, trustworthy nudges, reminder nudges, economic nudges, feedback nudges and pre‐commitment nudges. Addressing privacy concerns was essential to build trust and acceptance among older adults.ConclusionThese findings emphasised the importance of designing mHealth interventions that address frail older adults' specific needs and preferences while incorporating effective nudge strategies to promote engagement and adherence. Future researchers should explore wearables, ChatGPT language models, virtual coaching assistants, exercise snack to further optimise the experience and analyse the effects of nudges in mHealth exercise interventions among older adults.Implication for the Profession and/or Patient CareExercise systems or app development for frail older adults should meet three basic functionality and essential nudge strategies.Reporting MethodThe consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ) guidelines were used for reporting.Patient or Public ContributionOlder adults' engagement and interview data contribute a lot.
An evaluation of the effectiveness of four chemical additives on the fermentation characteristics, in vitro digestibility and aerobic stability of total mixed ration silage based on soy sauce residue
Authors: Xu Guofeng , Li Xinbao , Hu Junfeng , Dong Zhihao , Jia Yushan , Shao Tao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe study aimed to compare the impact of four chemical additives on fermentation characteristics, aerobic stability and in vitro digestibility of total mixed ration (TMR) silage based on soy sauce residue. The TMR (35% soy sauce residue + 45% Napier grass + 20% concentrate) was placed into silos (10 L). The experiment followed the completely random design, treated with different chemical additives: (1) distilled water (control); (2) 0.1% potassium sorbate (SP); (3) 0.1% sodium benzoate (SS); (4) 0.5% calcium propionate (SC); (5) 0.5% sodium diacetate (SD). Total of 100 silos (5 treatments × 4 aerobic exposure days × 5 replicates) were ensiled for 60 days. After exposure to the air, the samples were analyzed for the dynamic change of fermentation parameters at 4, 9 and 15 days, and the data was analyzed as repeated measures. The content of butyric acid and ammonia nitrogen was maintained at a low level. The highest (p < 0.05) lactic acid (LA) content and the lowest (p < 0.05) pH value were measured in SP. At the first 4 days of aerobic exposure, TMR silages treated with four chemical additives were more stable relative to the control, as indicated by the low pH value and yeast counts. Furthermore, the highest (p < 0.05) LA content and the lowest (p < 0.05) pH value indicated that SP performed superior aerobic stability compared with other chemical additives. The SP shows higher (p < 0.05) 72 h cumulative gas production (GP72) and in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility (IVNDFD) relative to the control. In conclusion, the SP performed superior in improving fermentation characteristics, aerobic stability and in vitro digestibility of TMR silages based on soy sauce residue.