bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AGRAVO DE INSTRUMENTO COM EFEITO ATIVO NOS JUIZADOS ESPECIAIS: UMA PERSPECTIVA CRÍTICA COM BASE NA LEI 12.153/2009
Authors: Albuquerque Inácio Jário Queiroz de 
Published: September 2024

This article proposes a study on the appeal on procedural grounds with active effect in the context of Small Claims Courts, with emphasis on the application and impact of Law No. 12,153/2009. The appeal on procedural grounds, especially when granted with active effect, is a procedural tool that allows the effects of a judicial decision to be anticipated before the final judgment. However, its use in Small Claims Courts raises questions about the preservation of the principles of speed, simplicity, and informality that characterize this system. The research explores the arguments for and against granting the active effect, examines strategies to mitigate undesirable effects, and proposes legislative improvements that can balance the need to protect rights and the efficiency of the process. Finally, the article suggests a critical review of the current system and points to the importance of future studies on the subject, aiming to improve the application of justice in Small Claims Courts.
Spatio-temporal Modelling of Land-use/Landcover Dynamics in Owerri West, Imo State Using Geospatial Technique
Authors: U. E Ahuchaogu , U.U Duru , G.O Ikwuemesi , A.C Okoroji , I.G Uwandu , C.G Ogbonna 
Published: September 2024

In recent times, the pressures from uncontrolled land use has resulted to several environmental problems including flooding, pollution, erosion etc. thereby posing a trait to environmental sustainability in Owerri west. Therefore, this research evaluated Land-use and Landcover changes in Owerri west local LGA in Imo state using multi-dated satellite Imagery. The major aim of the study was to carry out analysis of land-use/land cover development trends, thereby detecting the changes that have taken place between the year 2000 to 2020. Software used include ERDAS Imagine, ArcGIS10.5 and Microsoft excel. Three Landsat images, 5(TM), 7 (ETM+) and 8 (OLI) images of 2000, 2010 and 2020were acquired, pre-processed and classified using supervised classification algorithm. Progressively, accuracy of the classified result and change detection analysis was performed to investigate the changes that has taken placebetween this period. The spatial and temporal analyses indicate that, all LULC classes altered from their initial state within these epochs. The result of the study shows that the built-up areas have been on a significant constant positive expansion covering 22.57% ,36.11% and50.30% of the study area in 2000, 2010 and 2020respectively. Forest decreased from 31.32% to 20.54% and finally to 13.03%.Sparse vegetation decreased from 23.86% to 23.35% and to 15.28%. Exposed surface decreased from 12.24% to 10.04% and increased to11.08%.Water body decreased gradually from9.99%, to 9.97% and 9,89%%. The study further predicted that beyond the year 2050 thick vegetation may vanish and replaced by urban expansion and this is of grave consequences to the eco-environment. Therefore, this study suggests the establishment of forest reserves and planting of trees within the study area.
Impact of Saroglitazar on the Metabolic Profile in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Moderate to Severe Hypertriglyceridemia
Authors: Karkhanis Shefali , Sanghvi Ami , Shetty Manish , Jhaveri Kunal , Bhandari Aditi 
Published: September 2024

Background: Saroglitazar is dual peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α/γ agonist and approved for elevated triglyceride (TG) reduction in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in India. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Saroglitazar in T2DM patients with moderate to severe hypertriglyceridemia to contribute to nationwide existing data of real time clinical practice.
Methods: It is a retrospective, observational study conducted from April 2023-2024, among T2DM participants with either moderate hypertriglyceridemia (200-499 mg/dl) or severe hypertriglyceridemia (>500 mg/dl) who were prescribed Saroglitazar 4 mg once daily and followed up for 6 months with laboratory parameters (blood sugar and lipid profile).
Results: A total of 53 patients’ data on demographic and clinical profile was collected and analysed. Saroglitazar, in addition with oral antidiabetic and lipid lowering medication showed statically significant improvement in total cholesterol, triglyceride and HbA1c at 6 months follow-up without any serious adverse events.
Conclusion: In T2DM with moderate to severe hypertriglyceridemia, saroglitazar as an add on to statins is an effective and safe therapeutic option to reduce elevated TG and other lipid and glycemic parameters.
Immunity to Parasitic Worms
Authors: Siracusa Mark C , Gause William C 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

Helminth parasites are responsible for some of the most common human infections and cause significant health problems and economic difficulties in the developing areas of the world. The type 2 immune response, characteristic of helminth infections, has been associated with the development of protective immunity and reduced worm burdens in infected humans. Further, animal model systems have demonstrated that type 2 cytokine production and signalling are necessary to promote inflammation and parasite clearance. Despite significant advances in our understanding of the mammalian immune response to helminths, the molecular and cellular mechanisms that promote type 2 immunity remain to be fully defined. Emerging studies suggest that a series of highly coordinated events including the production of epithelial cell‐derived alarmins, the activation of innate immune cells (innate lymphoid cells, haematopoietic progenitor cells, mast cells, basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils and macrophages) and the subsequent activation of lymphocytes are required to promote antihelminth immunity. This article will review these recent advances and highlight how these studies may inform the development of new therapeutic strategies to treat helminth infections and their associated morbidities.

Key Concepts

Helminths trigger a specific type of immune response different from that induced by microbial pathogens.

This response to helminths includes many of the same immune cell populations activated by microbial pathogens; however, the activation state and effector functions of the individual immune cell populations are quite different.

The immune cell effector functions stimulated by helminths include innate and adaptive components that mediate resistance and elimination of the parasite.

Effector functions of the helminth‐induced type 2 immune response also include tolerance mechanisms that mitigate tissue damage associated with trafficking of these large multicellular parasites.

The type 2 immune response is initiated through release of endogenous danger signals triggered by tissue damage and through release of specific parasite products that can modulate the immune response.
Cytoskeleton in Axon Growth
Authors: Letourneau Paul C 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

Axons and dendrites are the neuronal processes that transmit nerve signals throughout the body. These processes are formed and maintained by the neuronal cytoskeleton, particularly microtubules and actin filaments. Microtubules are the supportive framework of neurites, axons and dendrites, as well as the rails for transporting organelles and cytoplasmic components. Actin filaments support the neuron's outer cortex, and the dynamic protrusion of actin‐filled filopodia and lamellipodia drives neuronal morphogenesis, including axon guidance, branching and regeneration. The initiation of axon formation requires advance of microtubules into filopodial protrusions adherent to the substratum. Polymerisation of microtubule plus ends and dynein‐driven transport of short microtubules provides ‘push’ for continued axonal growth. Actin‐filled protrusions at the axonal terminal, the growth cone, explore the environment for cues that bind receptors and trigger either protrusion and microtubule advance or cessation of protrusion and myosin II contractility that retracts protrusions and limits microtubule advance.

Key Concepts

The neuronal cytoskeleton generates and supports neuronal shape.

Axonal elongation involves accumulation of microtubules through polymerisation, stabilisation and transport.

The motile growth cone at the tip of an elongating axon is where the axon is steered to its synaptic target.

Dynamic actin filaments drive the growth cone's exploration of its environment.

Growth cone adhesive interactions allow traction that advances the growth cone.

Neuronal polarisation involves regulation of cytoskeletal dynamics.

Extrinsic guidance cues locally regulate actin dynamics and microtubule advance to steer the growth cone.

Axonal branching involves cytoskeletal dynamics to produce new streams of microtubule advance.

Success in axonal regeneration will require recapitulation of the cytoskeletal dynamics of developing neurons.
E
rb's Palsy/Brachial Plexus Injury
Authors: Garces Juanita , Mathkour Mansour , Skovgard Matthew , Kaufmann Ascher , Sulaiman Olawale AR 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

The brachial plexus serves as the key conduit between the central nervous system and the extensive innervation of the upper extremity. One of the most common variants of injury to the brachial plexus results in the condition known as Erb's palsy, in which damage renders the arm disabled through a particular constellation of symptoms. The affected arm hangs down at one's side rotated inwardly with the elbow fully extended and forearm internally rotated.
With any peripheral neuropathy, an in‐depth knowledge of the anatomy aids in recognising the expected symptomatology. Several classification symptoms characterise the extent of damage after nerve injury, predict neuronal recovery and determine whether surgical repair is needed. In the past, amputation and simple neglect were standard treatments of care. Fortunately, outcomes have improved tremendously over the past few decades, and new procedures are emerging. Today, there are techniques that allow for significant return of function.

Key Concepts

Learn the anatomy of the brachial plexus.

Understand the result of injury to the upper trunk of the brachial plexus.

Erb's palsy from shoulder dystocia.

Basic classification and grading of nerve injuries.

Know which imaging is available to assess nerve injury.

Assessing nerve injury using electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction studies (NCS).

Understand the basic surgical and nonsurgical management of brachial plexus injury.
Privacy
Authors: Splichal Slavko 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

At least since Aristotle's distinction between the public domain of political activity (
polis
) and the private domain of the household (
oikos
), privacy stands in dialectical tension with publicness. Since the earliest conceptualizations, privacy has also been closely related to “suspicious” secrecy. Assuming that privacy and publicness are opposite but complementary to each other, privacy could be defined as the protected sphere or condition of having exclusive control over one's actions or (cognitive) access provided that it does not hamper actions and rights of others. The boundary between privacy and publicness is socially permeable and historically variable. There is not one dominant conceptualization that is generally accepted. Developments in communication technology and its social uses made privacy and publicness partly overlapping. The concept of privacy is particularly controversial because of the ambivalent nature of its relationship to (the value of) publicness.
Intermediality
Authors: Jensen Klaus Bruhn 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIntermediality refers to the interconnectedness of modern media of communication. First, the term denotes communication through several discourses at once, including through combinations of different sensory modalities of interaction, for instance music and moving images. Second, intermediality represents the combination of separate material vehicles of representation, as illustrated by the use of print, electronic, and digital platforms in various communication activities. Third, intermediality addresses the interrelations among various media as institutions in society—interrelations addressed in technological and economic terms such as convergence and concentration.
Community
Authors: Westgate Christopher Joseph , Rothenbuhler Eric W. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractCommunityrefers to the relationship between individuals and groups of different sizes, from nations to neighborhoods, in an array of contexts: geographical, interpersonal, organizational, political–economic, social–cultural, and mediated. At the heart of community is a series of themes: continuity and change, tradition and innovation, place and time, belonging and affiliation, identity and ideology, loss and recovery, destruction and repair. Thinkers across different research traditions have conceived of community through a number of terminologies:Bund,communitas,Gemeinschaft und Gesellschaft, clans and cults, crowds and publics, participants, immigrants, gangs, and residents. These typologies and formations have been studied across English, French, German, and American traditions, the Chicago School of urban sociology having played a defining role. Some of the most productive studies have focused on journalism and newspapers as agents of community‐building, but radio, television, and social media have also been key sites from which community has been theorized.
Palladium and Copper Cocatalyzed Intermolecular Cyclization Reaction: Synthesis of 5‐Aminopyrazole Derivatives
Authors: Ma Chaowei , Wen Ping , Li Jihui , Han Xu , Wu Zhaoyang , Huang Guosheng 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA novel and efficient palladium and copper co‐catalyzed intermolecular cyclization of acetonitriles with hydrazones has been developed for the synthesis of 5‐aminopyrazoles through CC and CN bond formation. The reaction has the advantages of easily available starting materials, simple manipulation and mild reaction conditions. The reaction involving various substituted acetonitriles and hydrazones proceeds smoothly and 5‐aminopyrazoles are synthesized in good yields. In contrast to the aliphatic and heteroaromatic substrates, the aromatic substrates tend to have a higher degree of reactivity.magnified image
Palladium‐Catalyzed Tandem‐Cyclization of Functionalized Ynamides: An Approach to Benzosultams
Authors: Siva Reddy Alla , Siva Kumari A. Leela , Saha Soumen , Kumara Swamy K. C. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA palladium‐catalyzed tandem‐cyclization of functionalized ynamides to afford a wide range of hetero‐substituted benzosultams (1,2‐benzothiazine 1,1‐dioxides) has been achieved. Medicinally useful compounds like nortriptyline and eugenol could also be used as nucleophiles. Base has a significant effect in the cyclization process, depending on the nucleophile source used. DFT studies suggest that the reaction involves a [Pd(II)]–[Pd(0)]–[Pd(II)] cycle. Structures of key products were proven by X‐ray crystallography.magnified image
Potassium Hydroxide‐Catalyzed Chemoselective Reduction of Cyclic Imides with Hydrosilanes: Synthesis of ω‐Hydroxylactams and Lactams
Authors: Ding Guangni , Li Chengjun , Shen Yifan , Lu Bin , Zhang Zhaoguo , Xie Xiaomin 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPotassium hydroxide‐catalyzed hydrosilylation exhibits excellent activity and chemoselectivity for the reduction of cyclic imides under mild reaction conditions. The chemoselectivity of the reduction system may be readily tuned by changing the identity and stoichiometry of the hydrosilanes: a polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS)/potassium hydroxide reduction system resulted in the reduction of various cyclic imides to the corresponding ω‐hydroxylactams in 70–94% yield, while the diphenylsilane (Ph2SiH2)/potassium hydroxide reduction system selectively afforded the aryl lactams in 33–95% yield. These catalytic protocols tolerate diverse functional groups and are easy to scale up.magnified image
Elektrodenarchitektur in galvanischen und elektrolytischen Energiezellen
Authors: Jeong Beomgyun , Ocon Joey D. , Lee Jaeyoung 
Published: March 2016

AbstractElektroden in galvanischen und elektrolytischen Brennstoffzellen sind komplizierte Strukturen aus redoxaktiven Materialien, Ionen‐/Elektronenleitern und Porenpfaden für den Stoffaustausch von Reaktanten. Im Gegensatz zu bahnbrechenden Neuerungen bei der Entwicklung der Einzelkomponenten sind die Methoden zur architektonischen Optimierung des Gesamtsystems auf größtmögliche Leistung weniger gut untersucht. In unserem Kurzaufsatz stellen wir allgemeine Typen der Elektrodengestaltung vor, diskutieren Herstellungsstrategien und beschreiben bereits hergestellte Strukturen. Systematisches Optimieren von Elektrodenkonfigurationen kann seit langem bestehende Diskrepanzen zwischen den Gesamtsystemen und den “Summen ihrer Teile” bei verschiedenen elektrochemischen Reaktionen und Technologien auflösen.
Peptide [4]Catenane by Folding and Assembly
Authors: Sawada Tomohisa , Yamagami Motoya , Ohara Kazuaki , Yamaguchi Kentaro , Fujita Makoto 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA topologically complex peptide [4]catenane with the crossing number of 12 was synthesized by a folding and assembly strategy wherein the folding and metal‐directed self‐assembly of a short peptide fragment occur simultaneously. The latent Ω‐looped conformation of the Pro‐Gly‐Pro sequence was found only when pyridines at the C‐ and N‐termini coordinatively bind metal ions (AgI or AuI). Crystallographic studies revealed that the Ω‐looped motifs formed four M3L3 macrocycles that were intermolecularly entwined to generate an unprecedented peptide [4]catenane topology.
From a Phosphaketenyl‐Functionalized Germylene to 1,3‐Digerma‐2,4‐diphosphacyclobutadiene
Authors: Yao Shenglai , Xiong Yun , Szilvási Tibor , Grützmacher Hansjörg , Driess Matthias 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe first 4π‐electron resonance‐stabilized 1,3‐digerma‐2,4‐diphosphacyclobutadiene [LH2Ge2P2] 4 (LH=CH[CHNDipp]2 Dipp=2,6‐iPr2C6H3) with four‐coordinate germanium supported by a β‐diketiminate ligand and two‐coordinate phosphorus atoms has been synthesized from the unprecedented phosphaketenyl‐functionalized N‐heterocyclic germylene [LHGe‐P=C=O] 2 a prepared by salt‐metathesis reaction of sodium phosphaethynolate (P≡C−ONa) with the corresponding chlorogermylene [LHGeCl] 1 a. Under UV/Vis light irradiation at ambient temperature, release of CO from the P=C=O group of 2 a leads to the elusive germanium–phosphorus triply bonded species [LHGe≡P] 3 a, which dimerizes spontaneously to yield black crystals of 4 as isolable product in 67 % yield. Notably, release of CO from the bulkier substituted [LtBuGe‐P=C=O] 2 b (LtBu=CH[C(tBu)N‐Dipp]2) furnishes, under concomitant extrusion of the diimine [Dipp‐NC(tBu)]2, the bis‐N,P‐heterocyclic germylene [DippNC(tBu)C(H)PGe]2 5.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Dimerization and Alkylarylation of 1,3‐Dienes with Alkyl Fluorides and Aryl Grignard Reagents
Authors: Iwasaki Takanori , Min Xin , Fukuoka Asuka , Kuniyasu Hitoshi , Kambe Nobuaki 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn the presence of a nickel catalyst, 1,3‐butadiene undergoes selective dimerization and alkylarylation with alkyl fluorides and aryl Grignard reagents to give 1,6‐octadienes with alkyl and aryl groups at the 3‐ and 8‐positions, respectively, by the consecutive formation of three carbon–carbon bonds. The formation of an anionic nickel complex plays an important role in forming C−C bonds with alkyl fluorides.
Frustrated Lewis Pair‐Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of 1,5‐Enynes via a 5‐endo‐dig Cyclization/Protodeborylation Sequence
Authors: Tamke Sergej , Qu Zheng‐Wang , Sitte Nikolai A. , Flörke Ulrich , Grimme Stefan , Paradies Jan 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe first frustrated Lewis pair‐catalyzed cycloisomerization of a series of 1,5‐enynes was developed. The reaction proceeds via the π‐activation of the alkyne and subsequent 5‐endo‐dig cyclization with the adjacent alkene. The presence of PPh3 was of utmost importance on the one hand to prevent side reactions (for example, 1,1‐carboboration) and on the other hand for the efficient protodeborylation to achieve the catalytic turnover. The mechanism is explained on the basis of quantum‐chemical calculations, which are in full agreement with the experimental observations.
Combinatorial Low‐Volume Synthesis of Well‐Defined Polymers by Enzyme Degassing
Authors: Chapman Robert , Gormley Adam J. , Stenzel Martina H. , Stevens Molly M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe synthesis of well‐defined polymers in a low‐volume, combinatorial fashion has long been a goal in polymer chemistry. Here, we report the preparation of a wide range of highly controlled homo and block co‐polymers by Enz‐RAFT (enzyme‐assisted reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer) polymerization in microtiter plates in the open atmosphere. The addition of 1 μm glucose oxidase (GOx) to water/solvent mixtures enables polymerization reactions to proceed in extremely low volumes (40 μL) and low radical concentrations. This procedure provides excellent control and high conversions across a range of monomer families and molecular weights, thus avoiding the need to purify for screening applications. This simple technique enables combinatorial polymer synthesis in microtiter plates on the benchtop without the need of highly specialized synthesizers and at much lower volumes than is currently possible by any other technique.
Lasiolactols A and B Produced by the Grapevine Fungal Pathogen Lasiodiplodia mediterranea
Authors: Andolfi Anna , Basso Sara , Giambra Selene , Conigliaro Gaetano , Lo Piccolo Sandra , Alves Artur , Burruano Santella 
Published: March 2016

A strain of Lasiodiplodia mediterranea, a fungus associated with grapevine decline in Sicily, produced several metabolites in liquid medium. Two new dimeric γ‐lactols, lasiolactols A and B (1 and 2), were characterized as (2S*,3S*,4R*,5R*,2′S*,3′S*,4′R*,5′R*)‐ and (2R*,3S*,4R*,5R*,2′R*,3′S*,4′R*,5′R*)‐(5‐(4‐hydroxymethyl‐3,5‐dimethyl‐tetrahydro‐furan‐2‐yloxy)‐2,4‐dimethyl‐tetrahydro‐furan‐3‐yl]‐methanols by IR, 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR, and HR‐ESI‐MS. Other four metabolites were identified as botryosphaeriodiplodin, (5R)‐5‐hydroxylasiodiplodin, (–)‐(1R,2R)‐jasmonic acid, and (–)‐(3S,4R,5R)‐4‐hydroxymethyl‐3,5‐dimethyldihydro‐2‐furanone (3 – 6, resp.). The absolute configuration (R) at hydroxylated secondary C‐atom C(7) was also established for compound 3. The compounds 1 – 3, 5, and 6, tested for their phytotoxic activities to grapevine cv. Inzolia leaves at different concentrations (0.125, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/ml) were phytotoxic and compound 5 showed the highest toxicity. All metabolites did not show in vitro antifungal activity against four plant pathogens.
A Comparative Study of Fuzzy Techniques to Handle Uncertainty: An Industrial Grinding Process
Authors: Virivinti Nagajyothi , Mitra Kishalay 
Published: March 2016

AbstractFuzzy‐based approaches like fuzzy chance constrained programming (FCCP) and fuzzy expected value model (FEVM) have been applied to a multi‐objective optimization problem of the industrial grinding process to carry out the uncertainty analysis. Results are compared with respect to the power of risk averseness adopted in the approaches used. The extent of constraint satisfaction due to the presence of uncertain parameters can be accommodated assuming credibility of constraint satisfaction under the FCCP framework whereas the robust set of parameters in the FEVM approach is determined by considering the expectation terms for objectives and constraints. Nonlinear relation of uncertain parameters has been handled by adopting simulation‐based approaches while computing the credibility. These approaches are very generic and can be applied for the study of parametric sensitivity for any process model in a novel manner.