bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Republished review: Surgical management of aortic root disease in Marfan syndrome and other congenital disorders associated with aortic root aneurysms
Authors: Treasure Tom , Takkenberg J J M , Pepper John 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Elective root replacement in Marfan syndrome has improved life expectancy in affected patients. Three forms of surgery are now available: total root replacement (TRR) with a valved conduit, valve sparing root replacement (VSRR) and personalised external aortic root support (PEARS) with a macroporous mesh sleeve. TRR can be performed irrespective of aortic dimensions and a mechanical replacement valve is a secure and near certain means of correcting aortic valve regurgitation but has thromboembolic and bleeding risks. VSRR offers freedom from anticoagulation and attendant risks of bleeding but reoperation for aortic regurgitation runs at 1.3% per annum. A prospective multi-institutional study has found this to be an underestimate of the true rate of valve-related adverse events. PEARS conserves the aortic root anatomy and optimises the chance of maintaining valve function but average follow-up is under 5 years and so the long-term results are yet to be determined. Patients are on average in their 30s and so the cumulative lifetime need for reoperation, and of any valve-related complications, are consequently substantial. With lowering surgical risk of prophylactic root replacement, the threshold for intervention has reduced progressively over 30 years to 4.5 cm and so an increasing number of patients who are not destined to have a dissection are now having root replacement. In evaluation of these three forms of surgery, the number needed to treat to prevent dissection and the balance of net benefit and harm in future patients must be considered.
Порушення показників гуморального імунітету та вмісту циркулюючих імунних комплексів в динаміці раннього періоду після нанесення скелетної, черепно-мозкової та поєднаної травм
Authors: Levchuk R. D. 
Published: January 2016

<p><strong>Резюме.</strong> У ранній період після нанесення скелетної, черепно-мозкової та поєднаної травм (1–7 доби), порівняно із контрольною групою, в сироватці крові суттєво зростає вміст Ig A, G, циркулюючих імунних комплексів. Через 3 доби показники досягають максимуму й залишаються на такому ж рівні до 7 доби. Вміст у сироватці крові Ig А та циркулюючих імунних комплексів істотно більший після поєднаної травми через 7 діб посттравматичного періоду. Через 3–7 діб після нанесення травм у сироватці крові суттєво знижується вміст Ig M. Динаміка вмісту Ig G та M не залежить від локалізації механічних травм.</p><p><strong>Ключові слова</strong><strong>: </strong>скелетна, черепно-мозкова, поєднана травма, імуноглобуліни, циркулюючі імунні комплекси. </p>
Вплив гострого стресу на показники жовчовидільної функції печінки в умовах кріоураження шкіри в експерименті
Authors: Svan O. B. 
Published: January 2016

<p><strong>Резюме.</strong> В умовах кріодеструкції 10 % поверхні шкіри через 3 і 7 діб спостереження у тварин, яким попередньо моделювали гострий стрес, відмічається більше порушення жовчовидільної функції печінки, ніж у нестресованих тварин. Після нанесення кріотравми швидкість жовчовиділення нормалізується до 28 доби, тоді як на тлі попереднього гострого стресу показник залишається вірогідно нижчим, ніж у контролі.</p><p><strong>Ключові слова:</strong> кріодеструкція шкіри, гострий стрес, печінка, жовчовиділення. </p>
ЗНАЧЕННЯ ЕТИКО-ДЕОНТОЛОГІЧНИХ АСПЕКТІВ В УПРАВЛІННІ ЯКІСТЮ РОБОТИ МЕДСЕСТРИНСЬКОЇ СЛУЖБИ
Authors: Halapats N. B. , Lytvynova O. N. 
Published: January 2016

<p>Вплив особистості медичного працівника на психіку хворого та на результат захворювання значний особливо в умовах розвитку демократичного суспільства. Тому довіряючи медичному працівникові найдорожче, що є в людини, – життя і здоров’я, люди повинні бути твердо впевнені в тому, що їм допомагають добрі, надійні й теплі руки. <strong></strong></p><p>Чесне ім’я й авторитет медичних працівників кожного медичного закладу – авторитет усієї медицини. </p>
ПЕРЕВАГИ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ПРОВІДНИКОВИХ МЕТОДІВ АНЕСТЕЗІЇ ПРИ ПРОВЕДЕННІ ОПЕРАЦІЙ У ХВОРИХ ІЗ СУПУТНЬОЮ ПАТОЛОГІЄЮ
Authors: CHEPIL I. V. , CHEPIL M. H. , RYZHKOVSKYI A. V. , TRYHUB R. I. 
Published: January 2016

<p>Ми провели аналіз характеру знеболювань, їх ефективності та частоти можливих ускладнень при проведенні провідникової анестезії у хворих відділень травматології – ортопедії та судинної хірургії, які мали супутню патологію. За період 2014–2015 рр. булопроаналізованорезультати лікування 1326 хворих. Вік пацієнтів – від 22 до 81 року. Проведено порівняльний аналіз обґрунтованості та виникнення ризику ускладнень провідникової анестезії з іншими видами анестезіологічного забезпечення.</p>
Випадок рідкісного ускладнення гнійного інфільтративного ларингіту
Authors: BARTOSH H. K. , MURAVYOV T. V. , ARTIUKH V. V. 
Published: January 2016

<p>Гострий медіастиніт – гостре гнійне запалення клітковини межистіння, що виникає в результаті ускладнення різноманітних захворювань. Гнійне запалення, запалення клітковини межистіння, перебігає, як правило, у вигляді флегмони. Цьому сприяють анатомічні та фізіологічні особливості межистіння (рихла жирова клітковина, відсутність фасціальних бар’єрів, постійні дихальні рухи, пульсація серця та центральних судин). Висока всмоктувальна здатність приводить до швидкої вираженої інтоксикації та летального виходу протягом 1–5 діб від початку захворювання. Летальність при гострому медіастиніті, за даними різних авторів, сягає від 7,2 до 70 %. </p>
Cпособи обробки кукси міхурової протоки й артерії під час лапароскопічної холецистектомії у хворих на гепатити та цирози печінки
Authors: KASHTALYAN М. А. , KOLOTVIN A. O. , PAVLISHYN V. V. , KVASNIEVSKYI O. A. 
Published: January 2016

<p>Проведено аналіз результатів хірургічного лікування 110 хворих із гострим калькульозним холециститом, оперованих у хірургічних відділеннях Військово-Медичного клінічного центру Південного регіону. Із 110 пацієнтів у 47 (42,7 %) осіб під час лапароскопічної холецистектомії міхурову протоку й артерію кліпували полімерними кліпами “Hemo-o-lock” (дослідна група). Решта 63 пацієнти (57,3 %) склала контрольну групу, в якій міхурову протоку й артерію кліпували титановими кліпами. Для оцінки ефективності застосування різних способів обробки кукси протоки й артерії жовчного міхура під час лапароскопічної холецистектомії проведено порівняльну оцінку результатів лікування хворих контрольної та дослідної груп.</p>
Avifaunal diversity in Assam University Campus, Silchar, India
Authors: Chakdar Biswajit , Choudhury Parthankar , Singha Hilloljyoti 
Published: January 2016

<p>We conducted a bird survey in the Assam University campus, Silchar from February 2011 to June 2011. A total of 73 species of birds belonging to 56 genera, 32 families and 13 orders was recorded. Significantly, the highest number of bird species restricted to only one particular habitat (17 species) was recorded in the forest area called ‘eco-forest’ (χ<sup>2</sup>=18, df=3, P&lt;0.01). The highest similarity of bird species was found between degraded area and secondary growth area, and the lowest was found between eco-forest and degraded area. Species richness and dominance of species were more in the eco-forest area. The diversity of species was more in the secondary growth area. Red-vented Bulbul, Spotted Dove and Red-whiskered Bulbul were the most abundant and frequent bird species found in campus. The avifaunal diversity in the study area shows the importance of the University campus as an ideal bird habitat. </p>
Role of Erythrocyte CD47 in Intracerebral Hematoma Clearance
Authors: Ni Wei , Mao Shanshan , Xi Guohua , Keep Richard F. , Hua Ya 
Published: January 2016

Background and Purpose—
Enhancing hematoma clearance through phagocytosis may reduce brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage. In the current study, we investigated the role of cluster of differentiation 47 (CD47) in regulating erythrophagocytosis and brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage in nude mice.

Methods—
This study was in 2 parts. First, male adult nude mice had an intracaudate injection of 30 μL saline, blood from male adult wild-type (WT) mice, or blood from CD47 knockout mice. Second, mice had an intracaudate injection of 30 μL CD47 knockout blood with clodronate or control liposomes. Clodronate liposomes were also tested in saline-injected mice. All mice then had magnetic resonance imaging to measure hematoma size and brain swelling. Brains were used for immunohistochemistry and Western blot.

Results—
Erythrophagocytosis occurred in and around the hematoma. Injection of CD47 knockout blood resulted in quicker clot resolution, less brain swelling, and less neurological deficits compared with wild-type blood. Higher brain heme oxygenase-1 levels and more microglial activation (mostly M2 polarized microglia) at day 3 were found after CD47 knockout blood injection. Co-injection of clodronate liposomes, to deplete phagocytes, caused more severe brain swelling and less clot resolution.

Conclusions—
These results indicated that CD47 has a key role in hematoma clearance after intracerebral hemorrhage.
Lipoxin A4 Reduces Inflammation Through Formyl Peptide Receptor 2/p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Rats
Authors: Guo Zongduo , Hu Qin , Xu Liang , Guo Zhen-Ni , Ou Yibo , He Yue , Yin Cheng , Sun Xiaochuan , Tang Jiping , Zhang John H. 
Published: January 2016

Background and Purpose—
Lipoxin A4 (LXA4) has been reported to reduce inflammation in several neurological injury models. We studied the effects of LXA4 on neuroinflammation after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in a rat model.

Methods—
Two hundred and thirty-eight Sprague–Dawley male rats, weight 280–320 g, were used. Exogenous LXA4 (0.3 and 1.0 nmol) were injected intracerebroventricularly at 1.5 hours after SAH. Neurological scores, brain water content, and blood–brain barrier were evaluated at 24 hours after SAH; Morris water maze and T-maze tests were examined at 21 days after SAH. The expression of endogenous LXA4 and its receptor formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2), as well as p38, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 were studied either by ELISA or by Western blots. Neutrophil infiltration was observed by myeloperoxidase staining. FPR2 siRNA was used to knock down LXA4 receptor.

Results—
The expression of endogenous LXA4 decreased, and the expression of FPR2 increased after SAH. Exogenous LXA4 decreased brain water content, reduced Evans blue extravasation, and improved neurological functions and improved the learning and memory ability after SAH. LXA4 reduced neutrophil infiltration and phosphorylation of p38, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6. These effects of LXA4 were abolished by FPR2 siRNA.

Conclusions—
Exogenous LXA4 inhibited inflammation by activating FPR2 and inhibiting p38 after SAH. LXA4 may serve as an alternative treatment to relieve early brain injury after SAH.
Perceived Unmet Rehabilitation Needs 1 Year After Stroke
Authors: Ullberg Teresa , Zia Elisabet , Petersson Jesper , Norrving Bo 
Published: January 2016

Background and Purpose—
Met care demands are key aspects in poststroke quality of care. This study aimed to identify baseline predictors and 12-month factors that were associated with perceived unmet rehabilitation needs 1 year poststroke.

Methods—
Data on patients who were independent in activities of daily living, hospitalized for acute stroke during 2008 to 2010, and followed up 1 year poststroke through a postal questionnaire were obtained from the Swedish stroke register. Patients reporting fulfilled rehabilitation needs were compared with those with unmet needs (Chi square test).

Results—

The study included 37 383 patients, 46% female. At 12 months, 8019 (21.5%) patients reported unmet rehabilitation needs. Compared with those with met rehabilitation needs, patients reporting unmet rehabilitation needs were older (75.4 versus 72.4 years;
P
<0.0001); a higher proportion was activities of daily living–dependent (59% versus 31.9%;
P
<0.0001) and institutionalized (24.3% versus 11.5%;
P
<0.0001) at 12 months. Poststroke depression (32.3% versus 24.9%;
P
<0.0001) and insufficient pain medication were more common in patients with unmet needs (54.5% versus 32.3%;
P
<0.0001). Baseline predictors of unmet rehabilitation needs at 12 months in an age-adjusted model were severe stroke (odds ratio [OR]=3.04; confidence interval [CI]: 2.39–3.87), prior stroke (OR=1.63; CI: 1.53–1.75), female sex (OR=1.14; CI: 1.07–1.20), diabetes mellitus (OR=1.24; CI: 1.15–1.32), stroke other than ischemic (OR=1.26; CI: 1.20–1.32), and atrial fibrillation (OR=1.19; CI: 1.12–1.27).

Conclusions—
Unfulfilled rehabilitation needs 1 year poststroke are common and associated with high age, dependency, pain, and depression. Long-term follow-up systems should, therefore, be comprehensive and address multiple domains of poststroke problems, rather than having a single-domain focus.
Hemispheric Specialization within the Superior Anterior Temporal Cortex for Social and Nonsocial Concepts
Authors: Pobric Gorana , Lambon Ralph Matthew A. , Zahn Roland 
Published: January 2016

AbstractStudies of semantic dementia, imaging, and repetitive TMS have suggested that the bilateral anterior temporal lobes (ATLs) underpin a modality-invariant representational hub within the semantic system. Questions remain, however, regarding functional specialization across a variety of knowledge domains within the ATL region. We investigated direct evidence for the functional relevance of the superior ATL in processing social concepts. Using converging evidence from noninvasive brain stimulation and neuropsychology, we demonstrate graded differentiation of right and left superior anterior temporal areas in social cognition. Whereas the left superior ATL is necessary for processing both social and nonsocial abstract concepts, social conceptual processing predominates in the right superior ATL. This graded hemispheric specialization is mirrored in the patient results. Our data shed new light on the classic debate about hemispheric differences in semantic and social cognition. These results are considered in the context of models of semantic representation and the emerging data on connectivity for left and right ATL regions.
Hippocampal Context Processing during Acquisition of a Predictive Learning Task Is Associated with Renewal in Extinction Recall
Authors: Lissek Silke , Glaubitz Benjamin , Schmidt-Wilcke Tobias , Tegenthoff Martin 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Renewal is defined as the recovery of an extinguished response if extinction and retrieval contexts differ. The context dependency of extinction, as demonstrated by renewal, has important implications for extinction-based therapies. Persons showing renewal (REN) exhibit higher hippocampal activation during extinction in associative learning than those without renewal (NOREN), demonstrating hippocampal context processing, and recruit ventromedial pFC in retrieval. Apart from these findings, brain processes generating renewal remain largely unknown. Conceivably, processing differences in task-relevant brain regions that ultimately lead to renewal may occur already in initial acquisition of associations. Therefore, in two fMRI studies, we investigated overall brain activation and hippocampal activation in REN and NOREN during acquisition of an associative learning task in response to presentation of a context alone or combined with a cue. Results of two studies demonstrated significant activation differences between the groups: In Study 1, a support vector machine classifier correctly assigned participants' brain activation patterns to REN and NOREN groups, respectively. In Study 2, REN and NOREN showed similar hippocampal involvement during context-only presentation, suggesting processing of novelty, whereas overall hippocampal activation to the context–cue compound, suggesting compound encoding, was higher in REN. Positive correlations between hippocampal activation and renewal level indicated more prominent hippocampal processing in REN. Results suggest that hippocampal processing of the context–cue compound rather than of context only during initial learning is related to a subsequent renewal effect. Presumably, REN participants use distinct encoding strategies during acquisition of context-related tasks, which reflect in their brain activation patterns and contribute to a renewal effect.
Phylogenetic placement of Dapisostemon gen. nov. and Streptostemon, two tropical heterocytous genera (Cyanobacteria)
Authors: HENTSCHKE GUILHERME SCOTTA , JOHANSEN JEFFREY R. , PIETRASIAK NICOLE , FIORE MARLI DE FATIMA , RIGONATO JANAINA , SANT’ANNA CÉLIA LEITE , KOMÁREK JIRI 
Published: January 2016

Two species of heterocytous cyanobacteria from the Mata Atlântica of Southeastern Brazil were studied intensively to determine if they were congeneric or belong to different genera. Additionally, their affinity to established genera in the Tolypothricaceae such as Tolypothrix Bornet & Flahault, Hassallia Bornet & Flahault and Spirirestis Flechtner & Johansen was investigated. Dapisostemon apicaliramis gen. et sp. nov. isolated from a wooden bridge in a mangrove swamp was found to be basal to a clade containing Tolypothricaceae, Nostocaceae, and Aphanizomenonaceae (but with weak support) by means of 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses. Moreover, D. apicaliramis had a 16S-23S ITS region similar in length, sequence, and secondary structure to the members of the terrestrial Tolypothricaceae. Streptostemon Sant’Anna et al. was placed in the Microchaetaceae (now the Tolypothricaceae) at the time of its description based on unsequenced natural material, but in this study it was found to be even more phylogenetically distant from that clade than Dapisostemon based on 16S rRNA gene sequence. It is in an unsupported and unresolved basal position in the Nostocales. It also presents a unique 16S-23S ITS region. The higher level evolutionary relationships of both genera are uncertain at this time, but neither genus can remain in the Microchaetaceae or Tolypothricaceae as the Nostocales undergo future revision. We conclude that Dapisostemon is sufficiently unique and separate that it requires a new family, the Dapisostemonaceae. This study further demonstrates that the cyanobacteria of tropical regions often represent novel taxa in unstudied lineages and that the study of tropical cyanobacteria will yield new insights in the biodiversity of this ecologically important group of photosynthetic microorganisms.
Impact of the North Atlantic Oscillation on Transatlantic Flight Routes and Clear-Air Turbulence
Authors: Kim Jung-Hoon , Chan William N. , Sridhar Banavar , Sharman Robert D. , Williams Paul D. , Strahan Matt 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe variation of wind-optimal transatlantic flight routes and their turbulence potential is investigated to understand how upper-level winds and large-scale flow patterns can affect the efficiency and safety of long-haul flights. In this study, the wind-optimal routes (WORs) that minimize the total flight time by considering wind variations are modeled for flights between John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK) in New York, New York, and Heathrow Airport (LHR) in London, United Kingdom, during two distinct winter periods of abnormally high and low phases of North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) teleconnection patterns. Eastbound WORs approximate the JFK–LHR great circle (GC) route following northerly shifted jets in the +NAO period. Those WORs deviate southward following southerly shifted jets during the −NAO period, because eastbound WORs fly closely to the prevailing westerly jets to maximize tailwinds. Westbound WORs, however, spread meridionally to avoid the jets near the GC in the +NAO period to minimize headwinds. In the −NAO period, westbound WORs are north of the GC because of the southerly shifted jets. Consequently, eastbound WORs are faster but have higher probabilities of encountering clear-air turbulence than westbound ones, because eastbound WORs are close to the jet streams, especially near the cyclonic shear side of the jets in the northern (southern) part of the GC in the +NAO (−NAO) period. This study suggests how predicted teleconnection weather patterns can be used for long-haul strategic flight planning, ultimately contributing to minimizing aviation’s impact on the environment.
The East Madagascar Current: Volume Transport and Variability Based on Long-Term Observations
Authors: Ponsoni Leandro , Aguiar-González Borja , Ridderinkhof Herman , Maas Leo R. M. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis study provides a long-term description of the poleward East Madagascar Current (EMC) in terms of its observed velocities, estimated volume transport, and variability based on both ~2.5 yr of continuous in situ measurements and ~21 yr of satellite altimeter data. An array of five moorings was deployed at 23°S off eastern Madagascar as part of the Indian–Atlantic Exchange in present and past climate (INATEX) observational program. On average, the EMC has a horizontal scale of about 60–100 km and is found from the surface to about 1000-m depth. Its time-averaged core is positioned at the surface, at approximately 20 km from the coast, with velocity of 79 (±21) cm s−1. The EMC mean volume transport is estimated to be 18.3 (±8.4) Sverdrups (Sv; 1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1). During the strongest events, maximum velocities and transport reach up to 170 cm s−1 and 50 Sv, respectively. A good agreement is found between the in situ transport estimated over the first 8 m of water column [0.32 (±0.13) Sv] with the altimetry-derived volume transport [0.28 (±0.09) Sv]. Results from wavelet analysis display a dominant nearly bimonthly (45–85 days) frequency band of transport variability, which explains about 41% of the transport variance. Altimeter data suggest that this band of variability is induced by the arrival of westward-propagating sea level anomalies, which in turn are likely represented by mesoscale cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies. Annual averages of the altimeter-derived surface transport suggest that interannual variabilities also play a role in the EMC system.
An Exact, Steady, Purely Azimuthal Equatorial Flow with a Free Surface
Authors: Constantin A. , Johnson R. S. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe general problem of an ocean on a rotating sphere is considered. The governing equations for an inviscid, incompressible fluid, written in spherical coordinates that are fixed at a point on the rotating Earth, together with the free surface and rigid bottom boundary conditions, are introduced. An exact solution of this system is presented; this describes a steady flow that is moving only in the azimuthal direction, with no variation in this direction. However, this azimuthal velocity component has an arbitrary variation with depth (i.e., radius), and so, for example, an Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) can be accommodated. The pressure boundary condition at the free surface relates this pressure to the shape of the surface via a Bernoulli relation; this provides the constraint on the existence of a solution, although the restrictions are somewhat involved in spherical coordinates. To examine this constraint in more detail, the corresponding problems in model cylindrical coordinates (with the equator “straightened” to become a generator of the cylinder), and then in the tangent-plane version (with the β-plane approximation incorporated), are also written down. Both these possess similar exact solutions, with a Bernoulli condition that is more readily interpreted in terms of the choices available. Some simple examples of the surface pressure, and associated surface distortion, are presented. The relevance of these exact solutions to more complicated, and physically realistic, flow structures is briefly mentioned.