bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unrepaired Tetralogy of Fallot-related Pathophysiologic Changes Reduce Systemic Clearance of Etomidate in Children
Authors: Shen Yang , Cai Mei-Hua , Ji Wei , Bai Jie , Huang Yue , Sun Ying , Lin Lin , Niu Jing , Zhang Ma-Zhong 
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND:
Pathophysiologic changes in children with congenital heart disease may alter the effect of drugs by influencing the pharmacokinetics (PK). Considering the limited literature that describes the PK of etomidate in pediatric patients, especially in those with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), our aim was to characterize the PK of etomidate and explore the effects of TOF.

METHODS:
Twenty-nine pediatric patients (15 with TOF and 14 with normal cardiac anatomy) scheduled to undergo elective surgery under general anesthesia were recruited in the study. All children received etomidate 60 μg/kg/min intravenously until a bispectral index of ≤50 was reached for 5 seconds during anesthesia induction. Arterial blood samples were drawn and analyzed. Population analysis was performed by using NONMEM to define PK characteristics. The estimates were standardized to a 70-kg adult using a per-kilogram model.

RESULTS:
Data consisting of 244 samples from 29 children with a mean age of 236 days (range, 86–360 days) were used, including a TOF group with a mean age of 250 days (range, 165–360 days) and a normal cardiac anatomy group with a mean age of 221 days (range, 86–360 days). A 3-compartment disposition model was best fitted to describe the PK of etomidate. The introduction of TOF as a covariate for systemic clearance (Cl1) improved the model and resulted in a significant reduction of objective function (Δobjective function = −7.33; P = .0068), which means that TOF was a significant covariate of Cl1, and the etomidate Cl1 in children with TOF (1.67 × (weight [WT]/70 kg) L/min) was lower than those with normal cardiac anatomy (2.28 × (WT/70 kg) L/min). Other PK parameter values were as follows: V1 = 8.05 × (WT/70 kg) L; V2 = 13.7 × (WT/70 kg) L; V3 = 41.3 × (WT/70 kg) L; Cl2 = 3.35 × (WT/70 kg) L/min; Cl3 = 0.563 × (WT/70 kg) L/min.

CONCLUSIONS:
A decreased systemic clearance for etomidate in children with TOF resulted in a lower required infusion rate and variation with time to achieve the same plasma concentration and maintain an equivalent target concentration or have longer sedation and recovery times after bolus or continuous infusion than normal children.
MicroRNA Theranostics in Prostate Cancer Precision Medicine
Authors: Matin Farhana , Jeet Varinder , Clements Judith A , Yousef George M , Batra Jyotsna 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDProstate cancer is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer in men worldwide. Theranostics, a combination of diagnostics and therapeutics, is an emerging concept in the field of precision medicine, and microRNAs (miRNAs) are predictive pioneers in this area.CONTENTmiRNAs are small endogenous noncoding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression posttranscriptionally by targeting messenger RNAs. More than 60% of all protein coding genes are controlled by miRNAs, which makes them powerful regulators of the different cellular processes involved in the pathogenesis of various types of cancer, including prostate cancer. Growing evidence indicates the differential expression of miRNAs in tumor tissues. In addition, miRNAs in body fluids, known as circulating miRNAs, are present in remarkably stable forms and their alteration in prostate cancer has been well documented. Circulating miRNAs are known to originate from tumor tissues, thereby enabling intercellular communication via carriers to promote tumorigenesis and malignancy. In addition, fueled by recent advances, the use of miRNA-based anticancer therapies has been proposed with the onset of early phase clinical trials to assess the therapeutic efficacy of miRNAs.SUMMARYIn this review, we summarize the theranostic utility of miRNAs and outline their diagnostic and prognostic potential in prostate cancer. In addition, we discuss the current detection methodologies and emerging innovative strategies for the detection of miRNAs in body fluids and tumor tissues in the clinical setting. We also provide insight into the current and future therapeutic potential of miRNAs in prostate cancer.
Der beteiligte Unbeteiligte. Wie vermittelnde Dritte Konflikte transformieren
Authors: Heck Justus 
Published: August 2016

Zusammenfassung:
Mithilfe des Begriffs des „beteiligten Unbeteiligten“ gehe ich der von Simmel aufgeworfenen Frage nach, welchen Unterschied der Vermittler für die Streitdyade macht. In der Soziologie des Dritten, der systemtheoretischen Konfliktforschung und der Mediationsforschung fehlen bisher Studien, die die Vermittlung durch anwesende, neutrale Dritte als eigenlogischen Prozess beschreiben: Entweder vernachlässigt man ihn bei der Analyse oder aber man führt zu viel auf seine Techniken zurück. Vermittelt wird aber nicht bloß in formalisierten Verfahren wie der Mediation, sondern jedermann tut dies situativ-okkasionell. Viele Organisationsrollen fordern zudem eine wiederholte, aber latente Vermittlung. Ziel ist, für diese Vermittlerrollen Simmels Versachlichungsthese konflikt- und interaktionssoziologisch zu respezifizieren. Dafür markiere ich das Bezugsproblem jeder Konfliktbearbeitung – die Ausdifferenzierung des Konflikts – und zeige im zweiten Teil, wie der nahezu unbeteiligte Vermittler allein durch seine Anwesenheit die Parteien zur Selbstdisziplinierung anhält. Im dritten Teil adressiere ich, wie seine Beteiligung interaktionstypische Konfliktintensivierungen einhegt und Kommunikation über den Konflikt anlaufen lässt, die Beziehungs- und Machtkonfliktkommunikation in charakteristischer Weise transformiert: Malt der Dritte etwa die Folgekosten von Unnachgiebigkeit aus, ist das eine Warnung und keine Drohung. So entstehen günstige Bedingungen für ein Identitätsmanagement der Parteien, wiewohl eine Beteiligung Dritter neue Risiken schafft.
Arthroscopic resection of dorsal wrist ganglion
Authors: Patel Mihir R , Butala Ushma K , Chauhan Vikram D , Thakor Nirlepsinh S 
Published: August 2016

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The management of dorsal wrist ganglion ranges from benign neglect to surgical excision. The purpose of this study was to study the results of arthroscopic resection of dorsal wrist ganglion.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Twenty one patients who had undergone arthroscopic dorsal wrist ganglion excision and a minimum of 3 months follow up were included. The preoperative complaint of cosmesis, pain, and duration of swelling, wrist range of motion and size of the ganglion were noted. The duration the patient took to return to a painless wrist with full range of motion was noted. Patient satisfaction with respect to cosmesis and function was noted.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The mean age was 23.3 years (range: 13 to 35 years). Pre-operative wrist pain was present in 17 patients and cosmesis was a complaint in 18 patients. 5 patients had a pre-operative restricted range of motion. The mean duration and size of the ganglion was 2.6 months (range: 2 to 4 months) and1.8cm (range: 1 to 3 cm) respectively. The mean duration of follow up was 14.6 months (range: 3 to 24 months). Arthroscopically, dorsal synovitis was present in 10 patients, triangular-fibro-cartilage-complex (TFCC) tear in 2 patients and chondral damage in 1 patient. The ganglion stalk was visualized in 14 patients. Complete painless wrist range of motion was obtained by 20 patients by 3 weeks post-operative. One patient had a recurrence. All the remaining patients were satisfied cosmetically and functionally with the results.</p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Arthroscopic resection is an effective treatment modality for symptomatic dorsal wrist ganglion with good functional and cosmetic results.
Salivary Concentrations of Interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐17A, and IL‐23 Vary in Relation to Periodontal Status
Authors: Liukkonen Joonas , Gürsoy Ulvi K. , Pussinen Pirkko J. , Suominen Anna L. , Könönen Eija 
Published: August 2016

Background: Interleukin (IL)‐23‐induced T helper (Th) 17 pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. This study’s aim is to determine levels of IL‐1β, IL‐17A, IL‐23, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in saliva, and to examine whether their salivary concentrations are associated with periodontal health status.Methods: Saliva samples originated from 220 participants; 76 had generalized periodontitis (GP) and 65 had localized periodontitis (LP), whereas 79 without periodontitis were used as controls. Cytokine analyses were performed by a flow cytometry–based technique and LPS analyses from pellet by commercially optimized assay coupled with chromogenic substrate.Results: Salivary concentrations of IL‐17A and IL‐23 were elevated significantly in patients with LP compared with controls and patients with GP. Salivary IL‐1β concentrations were significantly higher in patients with GP than in patients with LP, whereas no difference was found between LP and control groups. Significant correlation was found between concentrations of IL‐17A and IL‐23 or IL‐1β. LPS concentrations did not have significant associations with any of the tested ILs.Conclusion: Elevated salivary IL‐1β concentrations are related to GP, whereas distinct elevation and reduction profiles of IL‐17A and IL‐23 are detected in saliva of patients with LP and GP.
La colección de incunables de la Biblioteca Nacional de Colombia: tras las huellas y vacíos de su formación
Authors: López Arévalo Robinson 
Published: August 2016

Este texto hace un recorrido por la forma en que se reunió la colección de incunables que hacen parte del acervo bibliográfico de la Biblioteca Nacional de Colombia, manifestando cómo han sido sometidos a diferentes organizaciones, sistemas de catalogación y ubicaciones. Factores como: el motivo y momento de la entrada de los libros dan cuenta de la relación que los individuos y las comunidades han tenido con el libro antiguo. Para su elaboración se indagó en los diferentes catálogos e índices que ha tenido la Biblioteca y en los informes de los directores de la misma. Éste constituye un primer paso hacia el reconocimiento y la difusión del patrimonio bibliográfico colombiano.
Usage of Nest Materials of House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) Along an Urban to Rural Gradient in Coimbatore, India
Authors: Dhanya Radhamany  , Karumampoyil Sakthidas Anoop Das  , Parappurath Abdul Azeez  , Longying Wen  , Leelambika Krishnan Sreekala  
Published: August 2016

The house sparrow (Passer domesticus) is a widely distributed bird species found throughout the world. Being a species which has close association with humans, they chiefly nest on man-made structures. Here we describe the materials used by the house sparrow for making nests along an urban to rural gradient. For the current study, we selected the Coimbatore to Anaikatty road (State Highway-164), a 27 km inter-state highway, which traverses along an urban core to rural outstretch of Coimbatore. Of the 30 nests observed, 15 nests were from the rural, 8 were from the suburban, and 7 were from the urban areas. The nests had two distinct layers, specifically the structural layer and the inner lining. In the current study, we identified 11 plant species, 2 types of animal matter, and 6 types of anthropogenic matter, including plastic pieces and fine rope. The amount of anthropogenic materials in the nest formation varied along the gradients. The usage of anthropogenic materials was high in urban areas (p<0.05) whereas it did not differ at the sub-urban regions (p>0.05). A gradual decrease in the usage of plant matter towards the urban area was noticed (p<0.05). This study explicitly documents the links between nest material usage along an urban to rural gradient, in a human associated bird.

Burung ciak rumah (Passer domesticus) merupakan spesies burung yang tersebar luas di seluruh dunia. Spesies ini mempunyai perhubungan yang dekat dengan manusia, maka ia bersarang atas struktur-struktur buatan manusia. Di sini, kami menerangkan tentang bahan-bahan yang digunakan oleh burung ciak rumah untuk membina sarang sepanjang gradien kawasan bandar ke luar bandar. Untuk kajian ini, kami telah memilih jalan Coimbatore ke Anaikatty (State Highway-164), satu jalan lebuh raya 27 km panjang, yang melalui satu kawasan bandar ke luar bandar di Coimbatore. Daripada 30 sarang yang diperhatikan, 15 merupakan dari kawasan luar bandar, 8 daripada kawasan subbandar, dan 7 dari kawasan bandar. Sarang-sarang tersebut mempunyai 2 lapisan jelas, iaitu lapisan struktural dan lapisan dalaman. Dalam kajian ini, kami telah mengenal pasti 11 spesies tumbuhan, 2 jenis bahan haiwan, dan 6 jenis bahan antropogenik, termasuk kepingan plastik dan tali halus. Bilangan bahan antropogenik berbeza mengikut gradien kawasan. Penggunaan bahan antropogenik tinggi di kawasan bandar (p<0.05) manakala tidak ada perbezaan nyata di kawasan-kawasan subbandar (p>0.05). Satu pengurangan beransur penggunaan bahan tumbuhan mengarah ke kawasan bandar telah dikenal pasti (p<0.05). Kajian ini telah menunjukkan perhubungan antara penggunaan bahan untuk membina sarang sepanjang gradien kawasan bandar ke luar bandar, untuk burung yang berkaitan rapat dengan manusia.
Use of Spectral Character to Evaluate Soil Organic Matter
Authors: Wang Chao , Feng Mei-chen , Yang Wu-de , Ding Guang-wei , Wang Hui-qin , Li Zhi-hua , Sun Hui , Shi Chao-chao 
Published: August 2016

Core Ideas
Reflectance spectroscopy was used to characterize soil properties.
Continuum‐removed processing was utilized to achieve absorbed peaks and absorbed characters.
Multiple liner regression and PLS methods were also applied and compared for assessment.
Variable importance in projection was used for evaluation.
To estimate soil organic matter (SOM) and evaluate the performance of a SOM prediction model with two different soil particle sizes (sieved soil and nonsieved soil), multivariate statistical analysis is applied to construct an SOM model with absorption peak parameters derived from the continuum‐removed (CR) method. In this study, 107 samples from Exp. 1 were randomly categorized into 86 samples as a calibration set and 21 samples as a validation set to construct the SOM models. The second field experiment, which included 47 samples, was also implemented to validate the spectral absorption peak parameters of SOM. The results indicated that the SOM models based on the nonsieved soil (R2 > 0.692; RMSE < 6.018) had better performance than the sieved soil (R2 < 0.627; RMSE > 6.732). The most accurate SOM model was based on the multiple liner regression (MLR) method. The SOM models constructed with the partial least squares regression (PLSR) method were stable and also showed a moderate prediction for both nonsieved soil and sieved soil. Moreover, the important absorption peak parameters (trend slopes [TS] at 2410 nm, spectral absorption index [SAI] at 1320 nm, and TS at 662 nm for nonsieved; SAI at 892 nm, TS at 2345 nm, and absorption depth [H] at 669 nm for sieved soil) were determined to be related to SOM by using the PLSR method. Therefore, the combination of multivariate statistical methods (MLR and PLSR) provides a foundation to estimate SOM.
Impact of Preferential and Lateral Flows of Water on Single‐Ring Measured Infiltration Process and Its Analysis
Authors: Zhang Jing , Lei Tingwu , Chen Tianqin 
Published: August 2016

Core Ideas
A special device was developed to visually display the infiltration process.
Impacts of preferential and lateral flow on infiltration rates were measured.
Mathematical models were derived to correct the measured infiltration rates.
The corrected infiltration processes agreed well with the 1D values.
To improve the measurement accuracy of the soil infiltration rate, we studied the effects of preferential flow caused by the gap between the soil profile and the ring wall during its installation and lateral flow induced by the three‐dimensional impact of a single ring on the infiltration process. Laboratory experiments using silt loam taken from Beijing were conducted with a device designed to produce a soil profile that could visually display water movement during infiltration in the soil. Observations of the wetted soil profile inside and under the halved ring during the infiltration process were used to partition rates from the soil surface, preferential flow, and lateral movement of water. Mathematical models were derived to correct the measured infiltration rates affected by preferential and lateral flows during the initial and steady infiltration stages. Results indicated that in the initial infiltration stage (0–17 min), the preferential flow significantly increased the measured infiltration rates. Error caused by preferential flow ranged from 207 to 121%. In the following infiltration stage (17–120 min), the contribution of lateral flow ranged from 21 to 77%. Steady infiltration rates estimated with the modified model were 7% higher than those of one‐dimensional infiltration rates, and saturated hydraulic conductivities measured by single ring infiltrometer were 15% higher than rates estimated by the constant head method, which may have been caused by higher static water pressure inside the ring caused by preferential flow passage. This study offers a new analysis of ponded single‐ring infiltrometer data.
Public Inquiries and Law Reform Institutions: “Truth Finding” and “Truth Producing”
Authors: Des Rosiers Nathalie 
Published: August 2016

This article examines how the Murdered and Missing Indigenous Women and Girls Inquiry (MMIWGI) will be evaluated and what it means for its design and ambitions. It argues that a public inquiry, like a law reform body, must aim to be a “truth-finding” body as well as a “truth-producing” enterprise. It must understand itself as wanting to create the right leverage so that meaningful changes can occur, irrespective of whether its recommendations are immediately adopted or not. It can accomplish such a goal by having a process that becomes the message, by ensuring that it does not get derailed, and by proposing recommendations that set the stage for change, such as addressing the accountability vacuum and aiming to design a process that models the values and behaviour that it wants other institutions to adopt. In this case, the MMIWGI's process must be grounded in strong reconciliation values that reflect an ethic of care that is responsive to families' needs, respects Indigenous laws, Nation-to-Nation dialogue, elders and traditional knowledge keepers, and work towards fairness for all, transparency, and independence. It should be alert to the risks of unfairness or excessive time or money that may decrease public support. Its recommendations should focus on gathering data, accountability mechanisms for under-policing, engaging multiple audiences in the transformative agenda, and presenting a bold vision of Indigenous women and girls' safety. The message is that the MMIWGI must challenge itself to be an instrument of change for the future—it is not an end in itself. The MMIWGI will be a “truth-finding” inquiry, it must also become a “truth-producing” vehicle.
A SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY OF MASSIVE STARS IN M31 AND M33*
Authors: Massey Philip , Neugent Kathryn F. , Smart Brianna M. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
We describe our spectroscopic follow-up to the Local Group Galaxy Survey (LGGS) photometry of M31 and M33. We have obtained new spectroscopy of 1895 stars, allowing us to classify 1496 of them for the first time. Our study has identified many foreground stars, and established membership for hundreds of early- and mid-type supergiants. We have also found nine new candidate luminous blue variables and a previously unrecognized Wolf–Rayet star. We republish the LGGS M31 and M33 catalogs with improved coordinates, and including spectroscopy from the literature and our new results. The spectroscopy in this paper is responsible for the vast majority of the stellar classifications in these two nearby spiral neighbors. The most luminous (and hence massive) of the stars in our sample are early-type B supergiants, as expected; the more massive O stars are more rare and fainter visually, and thus mostly remain unobserved so far. The majority of the unevolved stars in our sample are in the 20–40 M
⊙ range.
NEOWISE REACTIVATION MISSION YEAR TWO: ASTEROID DIAMETERS AND ALBEDOS
Authors: Nugent C. R. , Mainzer A. , Bauer J. , Cutri R. M. , Kramer E. A. , Grav T. , Masiero J. , Sonnett S. , Wright E. L. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
The Near-Earth Object Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer (NEOWISE) mission continues to detect, track, and characterize minor planets. We present diameters and albedos calculated from observations taken during the second year since the spacecraft was reactivated in late 2013. These include 207 near-Earth asteroids (NEAs) and 8885 other asteroids. Of the NEAs, 84% NEAs did not have previously measured diameters and albedos by the NEOWISE mission. Comparison of sizes and albedos calculated from NEOWISE measurements with those measured by occultations, spacecraft, and radar-derived shapes shows accuracy consistent with previous NEOWISE publications. Diameters and albedos fall within ±∼20% and ±∼40%, 1-sigma, respectively, of those measured by these alternate techniques. NEOWISE continues to preferentially discover near-Earth objects which are large (>100 m), and have low albedos.
TRANSITION REGION AND CHROMOSPHERIC SIGNATURES OF IMPULSIVE HEATING EVENTS. II. MODELING
Authors: Reep Jeffrey W. , Warren Harry P. , Crump Nicholas A. , Simões Paulo J. A. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
Results from the Solar Maximum Mission showed a close connection between the hard X-ray (HXR) and transition region (TR) emission in solar flares. Analogously, the modern combination of RHESSI and IRIS data can inform the details of heating processes in ways that were never before possible. We study a small event that was observed with RHESSI, IRIS, SDO, and Hinode, allowing us to strongly constrain the heating and hydrodynamical properties of the flare, with detailed observations presented in a previous paper. Long duration redshifts of TR lines observed in this event, as well as many other events, are fundamentally incompatible with chromospheric condensation on a single loop. We combine RHESSI and IRIS data to measure the energy partition among the many magnetic strands that comprise the flare. Using that observationally determined energy partition, we show that a proper multithreaded model can reproduce these redshifts in magnitude, duration, and line intensity, while simultaneously being well constrained by the observed density, temperature, and emission measure. We comment on the implications for both RHESSI and IRIS observations of flares in general, namely that: (1) a single loop model is inconsistent with long duration redshifts, among other observables; (2) the average time between energization of strands is less than 10 s, which implies that for a HXR burst lasting 10 minutes, there were at least 60 strands within a single IRIS pixel located on the flare ribbon; (3) the majority of these strands were explosively heated with an energy distribution well described by a power law of slope

(4) the multi-stranded model reproduces the observed line profiles, peak temperatures, differential emission measure distributions, and densities.