bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INFLUENCE OF ORGANIC LOADING AND MIXING TO THE STABILIZED LEACHATE COD REMOVAL USING CIRCULATING ANAEROBIC REACTOR
Authors: Aghasa Aghasa , Helmy Qomarudin , Chaerul Mochammad 
Published: November 2017

Abstract In Indonesia, several leachate treatments were operated with most of the treatments are using conventional anaerobic lagoon system in pre-treatment section. However, most of the treatments still have low organic removal efficiency. In several studies, removal efficiency could be increased through several modifications inside the pond and one of them is by using mixing addition. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare leachate organic removal efficiency by using mixing and without using mixing modification. This research used 3 kinds of Circulating Anaerobic Reactor (CAR) where 0.5 kg/m3∙day Organic Loading Rate (OLR) in reactor-1 (with mixing) and reactor-3 (without mixing) and 1.0 kg/m3∙day OLR in reactor-2 (with mixing) were operated inside the reactor. From the results, the organic removal efficiency in reactor-1 was 81.82%, reactor-2 was 82.22%, and reactor-3 was 41.67%. It can be proven that leachate organic removal efficiency was possible to be increased with the addition of mixing inside the treatment system. Keywords: Circulating Anaerobic Reactor; leachate; mixing; organic loading; removal efficiency Abstrak PENGARUH BEBAN ORGANIK DAN PENGADUKAN TERHADAP PENYISIHAN COD LINDI TERSTABILISASI DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN CIRCULATING ANAEROBIC REACTOR. Di Indonesia, pengolahan lindi dioperasikan dengan sebagian besar pengolahan menggunakan sistem kolam anaerobik konvensional pada bagian pre-treatment. Akan tetapi, sebagian besar pengolahan masih memiliki penyisihan organik yang rendah. Dalam beberapa penelitian, efisiensi penyisihan dapat ditingkatkan melalui beberapa modifikasi di dalam kolam dan salah satunya adalah dengan menggunakan pengadukan. Oleh karena itu, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membandingkan efisiensi penyisihan organik lindi dengan menggunakan pengadukan dan tanpa menggunakan pengadukan. Pada penelitian ini digunakan 3 jenis Circulating Anaerobic Reactor (CAR) dimana reaktor tersebut dioperasikan dengan Organic Loading Rate (OLR) sebesar 0,5 kg/m3∙hari di dalam reaktor-1 (dengan pengadukan) dan reaktor-3 (tanpa pengadukan) dan OLR sebesar 1,0 kg/m3∙hari dalam reaktor -2 (dengan pengadukan). Dari hasil penelitian, efisiensi penyisihan organik di dalam reaktor-1 adalah sebesar 81,82%, reaktor-2 sebesar 82,22%, dan reaktor-3 sebesar 41,67%. Melalui hal tersebut, dapat dibuktikan bahwa efisiensi penyisihan organik pada lindi memungkinkan untuk ditingkatkan dengan penambahan pengadukan di dalam sistem pengolahan. Kata kunci: Circulating Anaerobic Reactor; lindi; pengadukan; beban organic; efisiensi penyisihan
Kinetika detoksifikasi umbi gadung (dioscorea hispida dennst.) secara fermentasi dengan kapang mucor racemosus
Authors: Widiyanti Marissa , Kumoro Andri Cahyo 
Published: November 2017

Abstract THE KINETICS OF GADUNG (Dioscorea hispida dennst.) TUBER DETOXIFICATION VIA FUNGAL FERMENTATION USING Mucor racemosus. Bitter yam (Dioscorea hispida Dennst.) is one of carbohydrate sources used as staple food commonly found in Indonesian dry-land. However, this tuber has been underutilized due to the presence of an antinutrition compound, namely cyanogenic glucosides. Removal of cyanides from foodstuffs can be done either by physical, chemical or biological methods. In this study, the effect of time on the detoxification of gadung tuber chips from cyanides via fermentation using Mucor racemosus and its kinetics were investigated. Gadung chip samples were withdrawn from the fermentation system at every 24 hours interval for biomass and cyanides contents analysis. It was clear that the cyanides content decreased as the fermentation went by. Safely consumed gadung tuber chips were obtained from fermentation of the chips for 120 hours from which cyanides content as low as 49.41 mg/kg was achieved. The logistic equation successfully described the growth rate of Mucor racemosus under studied condition. The specific growth rate of Mucor racemosus in gadung chips was found to be 0.0297/hr or about a half of specific growth rate of that mold when grown in the readily consumed yeast-pepton-glucose (YPG) media. Keywords: fermentation; yam; monod; Mucor racemosus; cyanogen Abstrak Umbi gadung (Dioscorea hispida Dennst.) merupakan salah satu sumber karbohidrat yang digunakan sebagai makanan pokok yang biasa ditemukan di lahan kering di wilayah Indonesia. Namun, umbi ini kurang dimanfaatkan karena adanya senyawa antinutrisi, yaitu cyanogenic glucosides. Penghilangan senyawa sianida dari bahan makanan dapat dilakukan baik dengan metode fisik, kimia atau biologi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh waktu pada detoksifikasi irisan umbi gadung dari senyawa sianida melalui fermentasi dengan menggunakan kapang Mucor racemosus dan kinetikanya. Cuplikan irisan umbi gadung diambil dari sistem fermentasi pada setiap jeda waktu 24 jam untuk dianalisis kadar biomassa dan sianidanya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kandungan sianida menurun seiring dengan bertambahnya waktu fermentasi. Irisan umbi gadung yang aman dikonsumsi dapat diperoleh dari fermentasi irisan ubi gadung selama 120 jam dengan kandungan sianida serendah 49,41 mg/kg. Persamaan logistik berhasil menggambarkan tingkat pertumbuhan kapang Mucor racemosus dengan baik. Tingkat pertumbuhan spesifik dari Mucor racemosus pada irisan umbi gadung adalah 0,0297/jam atau sekitar setengah dari laju pertumbuhan spesifik jamur tersebut saat dibudidayakan pada media yang siap dikonsumsi, seperti ragi-pepton-glukosa (YPG). Kata kunci: fermentasi; gadung; monod; Mucor racemosus; sianogen
Predatory Pricing: A Framework for Analysis
Authors: Moisejevas Raimundas 
Published: November 2017

AbstractOne of the key principles of EU Competition law is a prohibition of the abuse of a dominant position established in the Article 102 of the TFEU. Predatory pricing is one of the forms of the abuse of dominant position. To decide whether the dominant undertaking has referred to predatory pricing it is necessary to check several elements: costs and prices of the dominant undertaking; the possibility to recoup losses; intent; and objective justifications. The Court of Justice, the European Commission and competition institutions in most member states perform extensive analysis of a relationship between costs and prices of a dominant undertaking while dealing with cases on predatory pricing. However, we believe that competition authorities should pay more attention to evaluation and to whether pricing will cause elimination of competitors and damage to consumers. This article critically reviews the framework of the analysis of predatory pricing in the practice of the Court of Justice and the European Commission.
Factors that Influence Parole Boards’ and Judges’ Decisions on Parole Application in Lithuania
Authors: Michailovič Ilona , Jarutienė Liubovė 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
This article examines problems of parole application in Lithuania. The research applies a qualitative study in order to learn the peculiarities of the work and decision-making of judges and parole boards. Additionally, this study analyzes social research reports, filled out by staff in correctional facilities. This study covers as many factors influencing parole application as possible, and takes into account the peculiarities of the particular parole stages. Conclusions of this study should help theorists and practitioners see parole application from the point of view of judges and parole board members. Moreover, this work should encourage dialogue between judges, prison staff and community members not only in Lithuania, but, also in other countries.
Provider Perspectives of High-Quality Pediatric Hospital-to-Home Transitions for Children and Youth With Chronic Disease
Authors: Foster Carolyn C. , Jacob-Files Elizabeth , Arthur Kimberly C. , Hillman Stephanie A. , Edwards Todd C. , Mangione-Smith Rita 
Published: November 2017

OBJECTIVE:
The objective of this study was to describe health care providers’ and hospital administrators’ perspectives on how to improve pediatric hospital-to-home transitions for children and youth with chronic disease (CYCD).

METHODS:
Focus groups and key informant interviews of inpatient attending physicians, primary care physicians, pediatric residents, nurses, care coordinators, and social workers were conducted at a tertiary care children’s hospital. Key informant interviews were performed with hospital administrators. Semistructured questions were used to elicit perceptions of transitional care quality and to identify key structures and processes needed to improve transitional care outcomes. Transcripts of discussions were coded to identify emergent themes.

RESULTS:
Participants (N = 22) reported that key structures needed to enhance transitional care were a multidisciplinary team, inpatient provider-patient continuity, hospital resource availability, an interoperative electronic health record, and availability of community resources. Key processes needed to achieve high-quality transitional care included setting individualized transition goals, involving parents in care planning, establishing parental competency with home care tasks, and consistently communicating with primary care physicians. Providers identified a lack of reliable roles and processes, insufficient assessment of patient and/or family psychosocial factors, and consistent 2-way communication with community providers as elements to target to improve transitional care outcomes for CYCD.

CONCLUSIONS:
Many key structures and processes of care perceived as important to achieving high-quality transitional care outcomes for CYCD have the opportunity for improvement at the institution studied. Engaging key stakeholders in designing quality improvement interventions to address these deficits in the current care model may improve transitional care outcomes for this vulnerable population.
Using Physician-Level Emergency Department Utilization Reports to Address Avoidable Visits by Patients Managed by Pediatric Specialists
Authors: Lee Jarone , Israel Esther , Weinstein Howard , Kinane T. Bernard , Pasternack Mark , Linov Pamela , Kaafarani Haytham M.A. , Greenspan Peter , Rao Sandhya K. 
Published: November 2017

OBJECTIVES:
Emergency department (ED) utilization is a major driver of cost. Specialist physicians have an important role in addressing ED utilization, especially at tertiary medical centers that treat highly specialized patients. We analyzed if reporting of ED utilization to pediatric specialist physicians can decrease ED visits.

METHODS:
Physicians within pediatric neurology, hematology and oncology, infectious diseases, and pulmonary divisions received their ED use reports. By using control charts, we examined if this intervention decreased the rate of ED utilization.

RESULTS:
Overall, for the 4 divisions, specialty-related ED utilization decreased significantly during all hours, weekdays, and office hours. This was in the setting of ED utilization increasing for all diagnoses ED visits. Pediatric ED volume did not change during the study period.

CONCLUSIONS:
Physician-level reporting of ED utilization was associated with a reduction in ED use by patients managed by our pediatric specialists.
Who Gets Lost: Follow-up of Suspect Results in a Newborn Screening Program
Authors: Spady Donald W. , Saunders L. Duncan , Bamforth Fiona 
Published: November 2017

Objective. To determine reasons for and adequacy of follow-up testing of suspect results of metabolic screening in infants born in Alberta in 1992.Study Design. Of 42 392 live births, 41 553 infants were deterministically matched using birth registry data. Infants requiring repeat analyses were determined from notes made on the screening report. Characteristics of infants needing repeat screening, and obtaining a repeat screen results, were determined by logistic regression using variables from the birth registry and the screening record.Results. A total of 1375 infants required repeat screening. Infants with unsatisfactory samples were more likely to be born in a smaller community, of low birth weight, and to have the sample obtained after 7 days of age. Infants with biologically suspect results were more likely to be of low birth weight, to die in week 1 of life, and to be born in a large hospital. Repeat analyses were found for 663 infants. Boys, infants from smaller communities, and low birth weight infants were more likely to have the required repeat screening. Infants of single mothers were less likely to undergo repeat screening.Conclusions. The results of this study demonstrate the need for a clear, time-oriented protocol of follow-up of newborn metabolic screening results.
The Role of the Nurse Practitioner and Physician Assistant in the Care of Hospitalized Children
Authors:   Committee on Hospital Care
Published: November 2017

This Policy Statement was retired October 2008.
The positions of nurse practitioner and physician assistant were created approximately 30 years ago. Since then, the role and responsibilities of these individuals have developed and grown and now may include involvement in the care of hospitalized patients. The intent of this statement is to suggest a manner in which nurse practitioners and physician's assistants may participate in and contribute to the care of the hospitalized child on the general inpatient unit, among other areas.
State Variations in Infant Feeding Regulations for Child Care
Authors: Benjamin-Neelon Sara E. , Gonzalez-Nahm Sarah , Grossman Elyse , Davis Melanie L. , Neelon Brian , Ayers Looby Anna , Frost Natasha 
Published: November 2017

OBJECTIVES:
Early care and education (ECE) settings have become primary targets for policy change in recent years. In our 2008 study, we assessed state and regional variation in infant feeding regulations for ECE and compared them to national standards. We conducted the same regulatory review to assess change over time. Because all but 2 states have updated their regulations, we hypothesized that states would have made substantial improvements in the number of regulations supporting infant feeding in ECE.

METHODS:
For this cross-sectional study, we reviewed infant feeding regulations for all US states for child care centers (centers) and family child care homes (homes). We compared regulations with 10 national standards and assessed the number of new regulations consistent with these standards since our previous review.

RESULTS:
Comparing results from 2008 and 2016, we observed significant improvements in 7 of the 10 standards for centers and 4 of the 10 standards for homes. Delaware was the only state with regulations meeting 9 of the 10 standards for centers in 2008. In 2016, Delaware and Michigan had regulations meeting 8 of the 10 standards. Previously, Arkansas, the District of Columbia, Minnesota, Mississippi, Ohio, and South Carolina had regulations consistent with 4 of the 10 standards for homes. In 2016, Delaware, Mississippi, and Vermont had regulations meeting 7 of the 10 standards.

CONCLUSIONS:
Evidence suggests that enacting new regulations may improve child health outcomes. Given that many states recently enacted regulations governing infant feeding, our findings point to the growing interest in this area.
Brasil e Itália: um breve estudo acerca das causas de menor complexidade
Authors: Souza Roberta Kelly Silva 
Published: November 2017

O presente trabalho está voltado ao estudo da solução de conflitos cíveis de menor complexidade no Brasil e na Itália. Justifica-se a temática em estudo em virtude da morosidade processual em solucionar causas simples e de pequeno valor econômico na Justiça comum do Brasil e da Itália. Por intermédio de pesquisa bibliográfica, o presente estudo tem como objetivo geral verificar e analisar como as causas cíveis de menor complexidade são resolvidas no Brasil e na Itália e como objetivo específico demonstrar que o tribunal de pequenas causas proporcionará aos brasileiros e italianos um acesso à Justiça célere e informal, bem como, assegurará os direitos considerados de ínfimo valor econômico. Para tanto, realiza-se um breve recorte sobre a necessidade de procedimentos especiais para as pequenas causas. Após, analisa-se o procedimento adotado no Brasil para a solução de demandas com diminuto valor econômico. Por fim, abordamos o procedimento observado na Itália para as ações de pequeno valor. Por meio de tribunais e procedimentos especiais voltados para as pequenas demandas, o Judiciário torna-se mais próximo daqueles economicamente desfavorecidos, assegurando a todos e indistintamente o tratamento igualitário na resolução dos conflitos.
Roles de la Comunicación organizacional en la Gestión del Conocimiento: oportunidades y desafíos a partir de experiencias de grandes empresas antioqueñas.
Authors: Muñoz Zapata Doris Elena , Valencia Rey Juan Esteban 
Published: November 2017

Se realizó un estudio múltiple de casos, constituidos por veinte empresas grandes del departamento de Antioquia, que fueron analizadas por sectores: servicios, financiero, manufactura, salud, moda y textiles, servicios públicos y construcción. Se analizaron categorías como las características del proceso de gestión de conocimiento, la comunicación interna, la apropiación de los medios de comunicación y los roles que asignan las organizaciones a la comunicación organizacional en su gestión del conocimiento con públicos internos. Predominó en la valoración de las empresas, un rol centrado en la difusión de información, más que una visión estratégica de la comunicación, principalmente en las organizaciones que llevan menos tiempo gestionando conocimiento. También se describen aspectos que dificultan la adecuada gestión del conocimiento, como es la cultura organizacional, las competencias del recurso humano y el desconocimiento frente al tema. Se concluye que predomina una limitada visión frente a las posibilidades de aporte de la comunicación organizacional y la necesidad de articularla estratégicamente en cada una de las etapas de la gestión del conocimiento en las organizaciones.
¿Cómo establecer la jurisdicción y competencia en casos de internet?
Authors: Soler Pedroza Israel , Jiménez William Guillermo 
Published: November 2017

El incremento de actividades y controversias judiciales en internet ha llamado la atención de académicos, abogados y empresarios acerca de la manera como se determina la jurisdicción debido a las características transnacionales del ciberespacio que riñen con los tradicionales diseños territoriales de las jurisdicciones nacionales. El objetivo del trabajo es establecer los criterios que están siendo usados por las cortes cuando han resuelto casos de internet tanto en sistemas del Common law como del Civil law. Se presenta la literatura y las reglas tradicionales offline que determinan la jurisdicción tradicional y se presentan casos seleccionados en el derecho internacional, los Estados Unidos, Europa y Colombia en un intento por establecer la manera como se está asignado la jurisdicción en internet. El método es cualitativo e inductivo, se usan fuentes primarias y secundarias y técnicas de revisión documental y observación directa. Los hallazgos señalan que las diferencias entre el Common law y el Civil law desaparecen cuando emergen nuevas reglas online para establecer la jurisdicción en internet; de otro lado, se constata un uso alternativo tanto de reglas online y de reglas offline, especialmente en USA y Europa; las controversias internacionales sugieren que las cortes han aplicado reglas tradicionales más que reglas online; finalmente, los casos colombianos muestran que la Corte Suprema de Justicia está aplicando un conjunto de criterios offline
Perspectiva histórica de la Jurisdicción Administrativa en América Latina
Authors: Perlingeiro Ricardo 
Published: November 2017

Desde el punto de vista de la influencia estadounidense, el texto analiza la historia de la jurisdicción administrativa, a partir del siglo XIX, de los 19 países latinoamericanos de origen ibérico (Argentina, Bolivia, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, México, Nicaragua, Panamá, Paraguay, Perú, República Dominicana, Uruguay y Venezuela). Examina su sistema judicial único y el due process of law procedimental y previo a las decisiones de la Administración, campo fértil de la primary jurisdiction, en pugna con la cultura europea continental arraigada en el derecho administrativo de América Latina. Al exponer las contradicciones de la jurisdicción administrativa en los países latinoamericanos, ocasionadas por la importación de reglas sin la debida contextualización, el texto busca identificar tendencias y avivar una perspectiva en cuanto a la construcción de un modelo propio de justicia administrativa en América Latina, valiéndose de la experiencia tanto estadounidense como de la Europa continental.
Giving Behavior in Turkey: Determinants of Individual Donations and Volunteering
Authors: Çarkoğlu Ali , Campbell David , Aytaç Selim Erdem 
Published: November 2017

<p>This paper shares the results of a recent study about the giving of donations or time (volunteering) among citizens of Turkey. It examines the determinants of giving in light of recent research on this topic from other countries. We find level of education and institutional trust to be positively associated with giving, particularly to civil society organizations. In contrast to other studies, age is not associated with giving and men give at a higher rate than women. We compare these results with research about giving behavior elsewhere. </p>
An analysis of functional outcome following conservative versus surgical management in fractures of the distal radius
Authors: Subash Yeshwanth , R. Ravikrishna , B. Jagadeesh 
Published: November 2017

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-GB">Distal radial fractures are one of the most common injuries seen in the orthopaedic department, which can be managed both conservatively and surgically. There are advantages and disadvantages in each method of management. The aim of this study was to compare the functional and radiological outcomes of intra-articular fractures of the distal end of the radius with conservative and surgical management</span><span lang="EN-IN">.</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-GB">80 cases of intra articular fractures of the distal radius managed by both conservative and surgical means were studied between January 2011 to January 2013 and were followed up for a minimum period of two years</span>.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-GB">In our series of 80 patients, there 53 males and 27 females. Most of the patients were between 20-30 years of age with the mean age being 40.35 years. RTA was the most common mode of injury (45%). Frykman’s type 3 (41.7%) was the most common fracture type seen followed by type 8. All fractures united by the end of 6 months. Excellent results were seen in 47.5% of cases in the surgical group and 30% of cases in the conservative group</span><span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-GB">From this study, we conclude that surgical management is better than conservative in the treatment of intra articular fractures of the distal end of radius. Therefore, one treatment method of treatment cannot be generalized for all types of fractures and treatment should be individualized to a particular fracture in terms of age, fracture pattern, degree of displacement and amount of communition present</span><span lang="EN-IN">.</span></p><p class="abstract"> </p>