bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social Sensitivity and Adjustment in Chinese and Canadian Children
Authors: Chen Xinyin , Liu Junsheng , Ellis Wendy , Zarbatany Lynne 
Published: March 2016

This study examined relations of social sensitivity to socioemotional and school adjustment in Chinese and Canadian children. Participants were fourth‐ to eighth‐grade students (Mage = 12 years) in China (n = 723) and Canada (n = 568). Data were obtained from multiple sources. The analyses revealed that the pattern of relations between social sensitivity and indexes of adjustment differed in the two countries. Social sensitivity was negatively associated with social and school adjustment and positively associated with psychological distress in Canadian children. However, social sensitivity was positively associated with school competence and psychological well‐being in Chinese children. The results indicate that children's social sensitivity may have different functional meanings in Chinese and North American societies.
Current treatment status and medical cost for multiple sclerosis based on analysis of a Japanese claims database
Authors: Ogino Mieko , Kawachi Izumi , Otake Kazuyoshi , Ohta Hiroyuki , Otsuka Yujiro , Iwasaki Kosuke , Hiroi Shinzo 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo assist policymakers as they reflect on treatment protocols and approaches for the efficient delivery of medical care for multiple sclerosis (MS) patients in Japan.MethodsWe analyzed data from a large Japanese health insurance claims database. Using an algorithm based on diagnosis codes, all patients with a diagnosis of MS were identified; patients having a non‐MS demyelinating disease were excluded from the population. MS patient data were used for cross‐sectional analysis carried out on the data collected at a certain period. We identified a total of 1808 MS patients, and we analyzed data for 1133 patients with an observation period of ≥6 months from October 2013 to September 2014. Newly diagnosed MS patients were identified within the MS patients, and their data were used for longitudinal analysis, tracking each patient over a period of time.ResultsThe total per patient per month cost for MS was ¥93 542 (US$781, €695 as of October 2015). Disease‐modifying therapy drugs costs constituted half of the overall medical costs. For newly diagnosed MS patients, hospitalization costs were the largest component in the initial month, while drug costs were the largest component more than several months after the initial visit. There was a positive correlation between relapse frequency and medical cost.ConclusionsThese results provide up‐to‐date information on the demographics, medical treatment and cost status of MS in almost real‐time by using a claims database. They suggest that claims data analysis can effectively support medical policymaking.
A qualitative evaluation of an innovative resilience‐building camp for young carers
Authors: Cunningham Lauren C , Shochet Ian M , Smith Coral L , Wurfl Astrid 
Published: March 2016

AbstractYoung carers are at increased risk of developing mental health and social problems. The objective was to pilot a camp‐based resilience‐building programme for young carers. Twelve young carers (12 to 14 years) recruited from Carers Queensland attended a 3‐day resilience‐building camp adapted from the Resourceful Adolescent Program. One month after the camp, carers participated in a semi‐structured telephone interview. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Two key themes emerged. The first, coping self‐efficacy, included subthemes of affect regulation, interpersonal skills, and recognition of strengths and coping ability. The second key theme, social benefits, included opportunities for respite and social engagement. Overall, participants reported enjoying the camp and would recommend it to other young carers, yet they were able to provide some suggestions to improve future camps. Implementing an integrative resilience‐building program such as the Resourceful Adolescent Program in a camp format shows promise as a way of both engaging and benefiting young carers, as well as selective populations more generally.
Standard deviation of carotid young's modulus and presence or absence of plaque improves prediction of coronary heart disease risk
Authors: Niu Lili , Zhang Yanling , Qian Ming , Xiao Yang , Meng Long , Zheng Rongqin , Zheng Hairong 
Published: March 2016

SummaryIntroductionThe stiffness of large arteries and the presence or absence of plaque are associated with coronary heart disease (CHD). Because arterial walls are biologically heterogeneous, the standard deviation of Young's modulus (YM‐std) of the large arteries may better predict coronary atherosclerosis. However, the role of YM‐std in the occurrence of coronary events has not been addressed so far. Therefore, this study investigated whether the carotid YM‐std and the presence or absence of plaque improved CHD risk prediction.MethodsOne hundred and three patients with CHD (age 66 ± 11 years) and 107 patients at high risk of atherosclerosis (age 61 ± 7 years) were recruited. Carotid YM was measured by the vessel texture matching method, and YM‐std was calculated. Carotid intima‐media thickness was measured by the MyLab 90 ultrasound Platform employed dedicated software RF‐tracking technology.ResultsIn logistic regression analysis, YM‐std (OR = 1·010; 95% CI = 1·003–1·016), carotid plaque (OR = 16·759; 95% CI = 3·719–75·533) and YM‐std plus plaque (OR = 0·989; 95% CI = 0·981–0·997) were independent predictors of CHD. The traditional risk factors (TRF) plus YM‐std plus plaque model showed a significant improvement in area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve (AUC), which increased from 0·717 (TRF only) to 0·777 (95% CI for the difference in adjusted AUC: 0·010–0·110).ConclusionsCarotid YM‐std is a powerful independent predictor of CHD. Adding plaque and YM‐std to TRF improves CHD risk prediction.
Coronary artery calcium score and N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide as potential gatekeepers for myocardial perfusion imaging
Authors: Haarmark Christian , Andersen Kim Francis , Madsen Claus , Zerahn Bo 
Published: March 2016

SummaryMyocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) holds an important place as non‐invasive risk assessment in patients with intermediate risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). However, as much as 60–70% of MPI scans are normal. This study evaluates the role of coronary artery calcium scoring (CAC score) and NT‐proBNP as potential gatekeepers for MPI. Patients with intermediate risk of CHD referred for standard MPI were included. CAC score and NT‐proBNP were both assessed at the day of the stress study. Sensitivity, specificity and NPV for prediction of abnormal MPI scans were calculated for CAC, NT‐proBNP and the combination hereof. A total of 190 patients were included (mean age 61 ± 12 years, 55% female) of whom 24% had known CHD. In all 30% of the scans were abnormal. CAC score achieved the highest AUC regardless of whether patients with known CHD were included or not [AUC 0·75 95% CI (0·66–0·84) and AUC 0·79 (0·68–0·91)]. As a singular variable, CAC score was the most potent predictor with a sensitivity of 85%, specificity of 39% and NPV 88%. The combination of CAC score<10 and NT‐proBNP>26 reached a sensitivity of 98% and NPV 94%, where 8% of scans tentatively could be avoided. In patients referred for MPI with intermediate risk for CHD, a combination of CAC score and NT‐proBNP could be used to identify a group of patients where MPI could be averted with a high degree of diagnostic safety.
Overcoming foetal motion using interactive real‐time magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Brix Lau , Ringgaard Steffen , Sandager Puk , Petersen Olav Bjørn , Sørensen Thomas Sangild , Lundorf Erik , Stausbøl‐Grøn Brian 
Published: March 2016

SummaryObjectiveFoetal MRI has become an established image modality in the prenatal diagnosis of CNS anomalies, but image quality can be severely affected by foetal movements. The objective was to overcome these inherent motion problems by applying interactive real‐time MRI and to evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of the applied real‐time MRI sequence in relation to standard protocols.MethodsTen healthy foetuses (gestation week 21·3 ± 0·5) were scanned using a system, which allowed visual feedback and interactive slice positioning in real time. The data were compared to a control group of 14 healthy foetuses (gestation week 21·0 ± 0·8) who had previously been scanned using standard MRI. Comparisons were carried out by two radiologists with regard to cerebral anthropometric sizes, presence of important brain structures, degree of movement, clinical image value, image quality and ability to obtain correct slice planes.ResultsTwo out of eight anthropometric sizes were statistically different between the two groups. Representation of cerebral structures was found in 70–100% in the real‐time group. No statistically differences were found in clinical image value and image quality. The mean ability to obtain optimal slice planes was higher in the real‐time group, but it was not significant.ConclusionImaging of the foetal brain using the proposed interactive real‐time MRI system is a promising alternative to traditional foetal MRI for anthropometrics or as a supplement for the representation of foetal brain structures in cases in which foetal motion causes challenges in relation to obtaining optimal slice planes using conventional MRI techniques.
Routine prophylaxis with proton pump inhibitors and post‐transplant complications in kidney transplant recipients undergoing early corticosteroid withdrawal
Authors: Courson Alesa Y. , Lee John R. , Aull Meredith J. , Lee Jennifer H. , Kapur Sandip , McDermott Jennifer K. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSurgical stress, corticosteroids, and mycophenolate may contribute to gastrointestinal ulcers/bleeding after kidney transplantation. Prophylactic acid suppression with H2RAs or PPIs is often utilized after transplantation, although unclear if truly indicated after early corticosteroid withdrawal (CSWD). PPIs have been associated with increased risks of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), pneumonia, and acute rejection. This retrospective cohort study investigated benefits and risks of prolonged PPI use following kidney transplantation and included 286 kidney recipients undergoing CSWD within five d of transplant who were maintained on tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil/sodium. Patients on PPI before transplant, H2RA before/after transplant, and/or those with pre‐transplant GI complications were excluded. A total of 171 patients received PPI>30 d, mean duration 287 ± 120 d (PPI group); 115 patients were not maintained on acid suppression (No‐PPI group). GI ulceration and bleeding events were rare in PPI group (1.2% and 2.3%, respectively) and not observed in No‐PPI group (p = NS). The incidence of infectious or hematological complications was not significantly different between groups. The PPI group experienced more biopsy‐proven acute rejection (9.4% vs. 2.6%, p = 0.03). No direct benefit was observed with PPI in reducing the incidence of GI ulcers and bleeding events in kidney transplant recipients undergoing early CSWD. Further studies are needed to investigate the association of PPI and acute rejection.
Severe tooth loss after root damage caused by predrilled intermaxillary fixation screw: a case report
Authors: Hartwig Stefan , Doll Christian , Voss Jan Oliver , Raguse Jan Dirk 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIntermaxillary fixation (IMF) with screws is routinely used as a conservative therapy or to obtain normal occlusion during the surgical procedure of open reduction and internal fixation for treating mandibular fractures. The risk of iatrogenic dental damage caused by interdental drilling is widely known. Several side effects are described, including loss of response to pulp sensibility testing, root fracture, and, loss of the tooth. This is a case report about a young man who had undergone temporary IMF treatment with a single proven root damage. The patient did not appear for follow‐up but he presented 5 years afterward with local purulent osteomyelitis concerning the affected and the adjacent teeth. Osteotomy and extraction of two premolars and one molar were necessary for rehabilitation. This case report illustrates the importance of careful use of predrilled IMF screws and the necessity of frequent follow‐ups in cases of proven tooth root damage due to IMF treatment.
Stream diatom assemblages as predictors of climate
Authors: Pajunen Virpi , Luoto Miska , Soininen Janne 
Published: March 2016

Summary

Benthic diatoms have been widely used as indicators of water quality in streams. New insights that diatoms may also respond to large‐scale drivers, such as climate or historical factors, highlight the need to reassess the usefulness and the reliability of diatoms as bioindicators.

Using a suite of modelling techniques, weighted averaging (WA), weighted averaging partial least squares, modern‐analogue technique (MAT) and two machine learning techniques, boosted regression trees (BRT) and random forests (RF), we calibrated models to infer water quality and climatic variables using diatom abundance data collected from 227 stream sites in Finland.

Predictive ability was generally better for climatic variables [growing degree days (GDD) defined as temperature >5 °C, summer precipitation and water balance] than for local environmental variables (conductivity, water colour and total phosphorus). The strongest relationships were found for GDD (r2 = 0.86, MAT) and conductivity (r2 = 0.82, RF). Using BRT, we also identified potential indicator species for local environmental and climatic variables, based on relative importance species in the models.

Our results show that diatoms could serve as efficient proxies for climatic variables and local environmental conditions. Furthermore, new modelling techniques such as modern regression trees can provide new insights into relationships between diatom assemblages and local water quality and climate, and thus help to construct more reliable indices. These methods could also serve as important tools to infer environmental variables in changing ecosystems.
Long‐term increase in snow depth leads to compositional changes in arctic ectomycorrhizal fungal communities
Authors: Morgado Luis N. , Semenova Tatiana A. , Welker Jeffrey M. , Walker Marilyn D. , Smets Erik , Geml József 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMany arctic ecological processes are regulated by soil temperature that is tightly interconnected with snow cover distribution and persistence. Recently, various climate‐induced changes have been observed in arctic tundra ecosystems, e.g. shrub expansion, resulting in reduction in albedo and greater C fixation in aboveground vegetation as well as increased rates of soil C mobilization by microbes. Importantly, the net effects of these shifts are unknown, in part because our understanding of belowground processes is limited. Here, we focus on the effects of increased snow depth, and as a consequence, increased winter soil temperature on ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal communities in dry and moist tundra. We analyzed deep DNA sequence data from soil samples taken at a long‐term snow fence experiment in Northern Alaska. Our results indicate that, in contrast with previously observed responses of plants to increased snow depth at the same experimental site, the ECM fungal community of the dry tundra was more affected by deeper snow than the moist tundra community. In the dry tundra, both community richness and composition were significantly altered while in the moist tundra, only community composition changed significantly while richness did not. We observed a decrease in richness of Tomentella, Inocybe and other taxa adapted to scavenge the soil for labile N forms. On the other hand, richness of Cortinarius, and species with the ability to scavenge the soil for recalcitrant N forms, did not change. We further link ECM fungal traits with C soil pools. If future warmer atmospheric conditions lead to greater winter snow fall, changes in the ECM fungal community will likely influence C emissions and C fixation through altering N plant availability, fungal biomass and soil‐plant C‐N dynamics, ultimately determining important future interactions between the tundra biosphere and atmosphere.
Differences in caregiver daily impression by sex, education and career length
Authors: Ae Ryusuke , Kojo Takao , Kotani Kazuhiko , Okayama Masanobu , Kuwabara Masanari , Makino Nobuko , Aoyama Yasuko , Sano Takashi , Nakamura Yosikazu 
Published: March 2016

AimWe previously proposed the concept of caregiver daily impression (CDI) as a practical tool for emergency triage. We herein assessed how CDI varies by sex, education and career length by determining CDI scores as quantitative outcome measures.MethodsWe carried out a cross‐sectional study using a self‐reported questionnaire among caregivers in 20 long‐term care facilities in Hyogo, Japan. A total of 10 CDI variables measured participants' previous experience of emergency transfers using a scale from 0–10. The resulting total was defined as the CDI score. We hypothetically considered that higher scores indicated greater caregiver focus. The CDI scores were compared by sex, education and career length using analysis of covariance.ResultsA total of 601 personal caregivers were evaluated (mean age 36.7 years; 36% men). The mean career length was 6.9 years, with the following groupings: 1–4 years (38%), 5–9 years (37%) and >10 years (24%). After adjustment for sex and education, the CDI scores for the variable, “poor eye contact,” significantly differed between caregivers with ≥10 and <5 years of experience (scores of 5.0 ± 3.1 and 4.0 ± 2.7, respectively). The CDI scores for variables related to eyes tended to increase with experience, whereas other CDI scores decreased. Male caregivers focused on residents' eyes significantly more than did female caregivers.ConclusionsWe found that the CDI variable, “poor eye contact,” is influenced by career length. Caregivers with more experience attach more importance to their impression of residents' eyes than do those with less experience. Sex‐related differences in CDI might also exist. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 17: 410–415.
Diverse fission yeast genes required for responding to oxidative and metal stress: Comparative analysis of glutathione‐related and other defense gene deletions
Authors: Pluskal Tomáš , Sajiki Kenichi , Becker Joanne , Takeda Kojiro , Yanagida Mitsuhiro 
Published: March 2016

Living organisms have evolved multiple sophisticated mechanisms to deal with reactive oxygen species. We constructed a collection of twelve single‐gene deletion strains of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe designed for the study of oxidative and heavy metal stress responses. This collection contains deletions of biosynthetic enzymes of glutathione (Δgcs1 and Δgsa1), phytochelatin (Δpcs2), ubiquinone (Δabc1) and ergothioneine (Δegt1), as well as catalase (Δctt1), thioredoxins (Δtrx1 and Δtrx2), Cu/Zn‐ and Mn‐ superoxide dismutases (SODs; Δsod1 and Δsod2), sulfiredoxin (Δsrx1) and sulfide‐quinone oxidoreductase (Δhmt2). First, we employed metabolomic analysis to examine the mutants of the glutathione biosynthetic pathway. We found that ophthalmic acid was produced by the same enzymes as glutathione in S. pombe. The identical genetic background of the strains allowed us to assess the severity of the individual gene knockouts by treating the deletion strains with oxidative agents. Among other results, we found that glutathione deletion strains were not particularly sensitive to peroxide or superoxide, but highly sensitive to cadmium stress. Our results show the astonishing diversity in cellular adaptation mechanisms to various types of oxidative and metal stress and provide a useful tool for further research into stress responses.
Identification of YPL014W (Cip1) as a novel negative regulator of cyclin‐dependent kinase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Ren Ping , Malik Asrar , Zeng Fanli 
Published: March 2016

Cyclin‐dependent kinases drive cell division cycle progression in eukaryotic cells. In the model eukaryotic organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae (budding yeast), a single cyclin‐dependent kinase, Cdk1, is essential and sufficient to drive the cell cycle. Misregulated CDK activity induces unscheduled proliferation as well as genomic instability, which are hallmarks of the cancer. Here, we report a novel Cdk1‐interacting protein, YPL014W, which we name Cip1 (for Cdk1‐interacting protein 1). Our results show that Cip1 specifically interacts with G1/S‐phase Cln2–Cdk1 complex but not with S‐phase Clb5–Cdk1 or M‐phase Clb2–Cdk1 complexes. Also Cip1 phosphorylation is cell cycle regulated in a S‐phase Cdk1‐dependent manner. Over‐expression of Cip1 blocks cell cycle progression in G1 and stabilizes the S‐phase Cdk1 inhibitor Sic1 in vivo. In addition, disruption of CIP1 (cip1Δ) leads to faster G1/S‐phase transition compared to wild‐type cells. Moreover, Cip1 inhibits Cln2–CDK activity both in vivo and in vitro. Our finding proves Cip1 as a novel negative regulator of cyclin‐dependent kinase in S. cerevisiae.
Effects of Helicobacter pylori Infection on the Expressions and Functional Activities of Human Duodenal Mucosal Bicarbonate Transport Proteins
Authors: Wen Guorong , Jin Hai , Deng Shili , Xu Jingyu , Liu Xuemei , Xie Rui , Tuo Biguang 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe mechanisms for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)‐induced duodenal ulcerogenesis are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of H. pylori infection on the expressions and functional activities of human duodenal mucosal bicarbonate transport proteins and hope to further clarify the pathogenesis of H. pylori‐associated duodenal ulcer.Materials and MethodsThe experiments were performed in the patients with H. pylori‐associated duodenal ulcers, H. pylori‐associated chronic gastritis, and H. pylori‐negative healthy subjects. Duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion was measured by Ussing Chamber technology.ResultsThe expressions of duodenal mucosal bicarbonate transport proteins, CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) and SLC26A6 (solute‐linked carrier 26 gene A6), in the patients with H. pylori‐associated duodenal ulcers were markedly lower than those in healthy controls. Basal and both forskolin‐ and prostaglandin E2‐stimulated duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretions in the patients with H. pylori‐associated duodenal ulcers were also lower than those in healthy controls. After anti‐H. pylori treatment for H. pylori‐associated duodenal ulcers, duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion and CFTR and SLC26A6 expressions in H. pylori‐eradicated patients recovered to levels comparable to healthy controls, but those were found to be not significantly altered in non‐H. pylori‐eradicated patients. The further results showed that decreases in the H. pylori‐induced CFTR and SLC26A6 expression were related to the severity and virulent factors of H. pylori infection.ConclusionH. pylori infection impairs the expressions and functional activities of duodenal mucosal bicarbonate transport proteins, CFTR and SLC26A6, which contributes to the development of duodenal ulcer.