bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Macrophages Induce Long-Term Trapping of γδ T Cells with Innate-like Properties within Secondary Lymphoid Organs in the Steady State
Authors: Audemard-Verger Alexandra , Rivière Matthieu , Durand Aurélie , Peranzoni Elisa , Guichard Vincent , Hamon Pauline , Bonilla Nelly , Guilbert Thomas , Boissonnas Alexandre , Auffray Cédric , Eberl Gérard , Lucas Bruno , Martin Bruno 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
So far, peripheral T cells have mostly been described to circulate between blood, secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs), and lymph in the steady state. This nomadic existence would allow them to accomplish their surveying task for both foreign Ags and survival signals. Although it is now well established that γδ T cells can be rapidly recruited to inflammatory sites or in certain tumor microenvironments, the trafficking properties of peripheral γδ T cells have been poorly studied in the steady state. In the present study, we highlight the existence of resident γδ T cells in the SLOs of specific pathogen-free mice. Indeed, using several experimental approaches such as the injection of integrin-neutralizing Abs that inhibit the entry of circulating lymphocytes into lymph nodes and long-term parabiosis experiments, we have found that, contrary to Ly-6C−/+CD44lo and Ly-6C+CD44hi γδ T cells, a significant proportion of Ly-6C−CD44hi γδ T cells are trapped for long periods of time within lymph nodes and the spleen in the steady state. Specific in vivo cell depletion strategies have allowed us to demonstrate that macrophages are the main actors involved in this long-term retention of Ly-6C−CD44hi γδ T cells in SLOs.
Evaluation of a One-Week Occupation-Based Program on the Health and Participation of Women With Cancer Living in the Community
Authors: Mendonca Rochelle , Maher Colleen 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Date Presented 3/30/2017
This study investigated the effectiveness of a 1-wk occupation-based program on health, quality of life, and occupational performance of women with cancer. Results demonstrate that participation in occupations improved the perception of performance and satisfaction for the participants.
Primary Author and Speaker: Rochelle Mendonca
Additional Authors and Speakers: Colleen Maher
Evaluation of Upper-Limb Feeding Performance Using the Fugl–Meyer Assessment
Authors: Sone Toshimasa , Iokawa Kazuaki , Hasegawa Keiichi , Tsukada Tetsu , Kaneda Mariko 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Date Presented 3/30/2017
The Fugl–Meyer Assessment cutoff values to identify “can use spoon” and “can use chopsticks” were 54/53 and 62/61 points, with sensitivity and specificity of 86.7% and 96.4% and 100.0% and 97.1%, respectively. These optimal cutoff scores may be able to identify upper-limb feeding performance.
Primary Author and Speaker: Toshimasa Sone
Contributing Authors: Kazuaki Iokawa, Keiichi Hasegawa, Tetsu Tsukada, Mariko Kaneda
Older and Happier? Associations Among Age, Affective Symptomatology, and Quality of Life in Persons With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Stern Brocha , DeLuca John , Goverover Yael 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Date Presented 3/31/2017
This study identifies a relationship between age and quality of life in persons with multiple sclerosis. It highlights the role of promoting coping in younger adults to prevent or decrease symptoms of depression or anxiety as a means of increasing quality of life.
Primary Author and Speaker: Brocha Stern
Contributing Authors: John DeLuca, Yael Goverover
The Impact of the Sensory Environment on Participation of Preschool Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Piller Aimee , Pfeiffer Beth 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Date Presented 3/31/2017
This qualitative study explores the sensory environment to determine the impact on participation in the preschool environment. The study presents information gathered from semistructured interviews of preschool teachers and occupational therapists.
Primary Author and Speaker: Aimee Piller
Contributing Authors: Beth Pfeiffer
Campagneactiviteiten en -financiering van lokale partijen in Nederland
Authors: Bergwerff Justin , Vollaard Hans 
Published: August 2017

Campaign activities and campaign financing of independent local lists in the Netherlands
Electoral campaigning and its financing at the local level have been hardly studied in spite of the growing political significance of municipalities in the Netherlands. Local parties have been barely studied either, even though they gained more than 30 percent of the seats in the local elections of 2014. They have done so without any public subsidy, whereas subsidized national parties can and do support their local branches. This article examines which campaign activities local parties used to attract voters, how these activities were funded, and whether local parties perceived subsidies necessary and desirable. A survey among local parties held just after the local elections of 2014, indicates that their campaigns are by and large a traditional, low-cost affair. They are often not labor-intensive nor technology-intensive, despite the electoral effectiveness of micro-targeting and canvassing. Contributions from local councilors constitute the main source of finance. The survey also shows that transparency of campaign financing can count on widespread support among local parties. They also prefer a level playing field between local parties and local branches of national parties by providing both public subsidies or none, which is an important contribution to the discussion on the current legislative proposals on party financing at the local level.
Virological outcomes of antiretroviral therapy in Zomba central prison, Malawi; a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Mpawa Happy , Kwekwesa Aunex , Amberbir Alemayehu , Garone Daniela , Divala Oscar H. , Kawalazira Gift , van Schoor Vanessa , Ndindi Henry , van Oosterhout Joep J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIntroduction: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) outcomes that include viral suppression rates are rarely reported among African prison populations. Prisoners deal with specific challenges concerning adherence to ART. We aimed to describe virological outcomes of ART in a large prison in Malawi.Methods: A cross‐sectional study of ART outcomes was conducted at the Zomba Central Prison HIV clinic, Malawi, following the introduction of routine viral load monitoring. All prisoners on ART for at least 6 months were eligible for a viral load test. Patients with ≥1,000 copies/ml received adherence support for 3 months, after which a second VL sample was taken. Patients with ≥5,000 copies/ml on the second sample had virological failure and started 2nd line ART. We describe demographics and patient characteristics and report prevalence of potential‐ and documented virological failure. In the potential virological failure rate, those who could not be sampled after 3 months adherence support are included as virological failures. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with potential ART failure.Results and discussion: Viral load testing was started at the end of 2014, when 1054 patients had ever registered on ART. Of those, 501 (47.5%) had transferred out to another clinic, 96 (9.1%) had died, 11 defaulted (1.0%) and 3 (0.3%) stopped ART. Of 443 (42.0%) remaining alive in care, an estimated 322 prisoners were on ART >6 months, of whom 262 (81.4%) were sampled. Their median age was 35 years (IQR 31–40) and 257 (98.1%) were male. Self‐reported adherence was good in 258 (98.5%). The rate of potential ART failure was 8.0%, documented ART failure was 4.6% and documented HIV suppression 95.0%. No patient characteristics were independently associated with potential ART failure, possibly due to low numbers with this outcome.Conclusions: Good virological suppression rates can be achieved among Malawian prisoners on ART, under challenging circumstances.
Factorial inferential grid grouping and representativeness analysis for a systematic selection of representative grids
Authors: Cheng Guanhui , Huang Guohe , Dong Cong , Xu Ye , Yao Yao 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA factorial inferential grid grouping and representativeness analysis (FIGGRA) approach is developed to achieve a systematic selection of representative grids in large‐scale climate change impact assessment and adaptation (LSCCIAA) studies and other fields of Earth and space sciences. FIGGRA is applied to representative‐grid selection for temperature (Tas) and precipitation (Pr) over the Loess Plateau (LP) to verify methodological effectiveness. FIGGRA is effective at and outperforms existing grid‐selection approaches (e.g., self‐organizing maps) in multiple aspects such as clustering similar grids, differentiating dissimilar grids, and identifying representative grids for both Tas and Pr over LP. In comparison with Pr, the lower spatial heterogeneity and higher spatial discontinuity of Tas over LP lead to higher within‐group similarity, lower between‐group dissimilarity, lower grid grouping effectiveness, and higher grid representativeness; the lower interannual variability of the spatial distributions of Tas results in lower impacts of the interannual variability on the effectiveness of FIGGRA. For LP, the spatial climatic heterogeneity is the highest in January for Pr and in October for Tas; it decreases from spring, autumn, summer to winter for Tas and from summer, spring, autumn to winter for Pr. Two parameters, i.e., the statistical significance level (α) and the minimum number of grids in every climate zone (Nmin), and their joint effects are significant for the effectiveness of FIGGRA; normalization of a nonnormal climate‐variable distribution is helpful for the effectiveness only for Pr. For FIGGRA‐based LSCCIAA studies, a low value of Nmin is recommended for both Pr and Tas, and a high and medium value of α for Pr and Tas, respectively.
How fault evolution changes strain partitioning and fault slip rates in Southern California: Results from geodynamic modeling
Authors: Ye Jiyang , Liu Mian 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn Southern California, the Pacific‐North America relative plate motion is accommodated by the complex southern San Andreas Fault system that includes many young faults (<2 Ma). The initiation of these young faults and their impact on strain partitioning and fault slip rates are important for understanding the evolution of this plate boundary zone and assessing earthquake hazard in Southern California. Using a three‐dimensional viscoelastoplastic finite element model, we have investigated how this plate boundary fault system has evolved to accommodate the relative plate motion in Southern California. Our results show that when the plate boundary faults are not optimally configured to accommodate the relative plate motion, strain is localized in places where new faults would initiate to improve the mechanical efficiency of the fault system. In particular, the Eastern California Shear Zone, the San Jacinto Fault, the Elsinore Fault, and the offshore dextral faults all developed in places of highly localized strain. These younger faults compensate for the reduced fault slip on the San Andreas Fault proper because of the Big Bend, a major restraining bend. The evolution of the fault system changes the apportionment of fault slip rates over time, which may explain some of the slip rate discrepancy between geological and geodetic measurements in Southern California. For the present fault configuration, our model predicts localized strain in western Transverse Ranges and along the dextral faults across the Mojave Desert, where numerous damaging earthquakes occurred in recent years.
Evaluation of quantitative precipitation forecasts by TIGGE ensembles for south China during the presummer rainy season
Authors: Huang Ling , Luo Yali 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBased on The Observing System Research and Predictability Experiment Interactive Grand Global Ensemble (TIGGE) data set, this study evaluates the ability of global ensemble prediction systems (EPSs) from the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), U.S. National Centers for Environmental Prediction, Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), Korean Meteorological Administration, and China Meteorological Administration (CMA) to predict presummer rainy season (April–June) precipitation in south China. Evaluation of 5 day forecasts in three seasons (2013–2015) demonstrates the higher skill of probability matching forecasts compared to simple ensemble mean forecasts and shows that the deterministic forecast is a close second. The EPSs overestimate light‐to‐heavy rainfall (0.1 to 30 mm/12 h) and underestimate heavier rainfall (>30 mm/12 h), with JMA being the worst. By analyzing the synoptic situations predicted by the identified more skillful (ECMWF) and less skillful (JMA and CMA) EPSs and the ensemble sensitivity for four representative cases of torrential rainfall, the transport of warm‐moist air into south China by the low‐level southwesterly flow, upstream of the torrential rainfall regions, is found to be a key synoptic factor that controls the quantitative precipitation forecast. The results also suggest that prediction of locally produced torrential rainfall is more challenging than prediction of more extensively distributed torrential rainfall. A slight improvement in the performance is obtained by shortening the forecast lead time from 30–36 h to 18–24 h to 6–12 h for the cases with large‐scale forcing, but not for the locally produced cases.
Dynamics of small particles in electromagnetic radiation fields: A numerical solution
Authors: Herranen J. , Markkanen J. , Muinonen K. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe establish a theoretical framework for solving the equations of motion for an arbitrarily shaped, inhomogeneous dust particle in the presence of radiation pressure. The repeated scattering problem involved is solved using a state‐of‐the‐art volume integral equation‐based T‐matrix method. A Fortran implementation of the framework is used to solve the explicit time evolution of a homogeneous irregular sample geometry. The results are shown to be consistent with rigid body dynamics, between integrators, and comparable with predictions from an alignment efficiency potential map. Also, we demonstrate the explicit effect of single‐particle dynamics to observed polarization using the obtained orientational results.
Chemical Ecology
Authors: Drijfhout Falko 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Chemical ecology is the study of the structure, origin and function of naturally occurring chemicals that mediate intraspecific or interspecific interactions. These chemicals are known as semiochemicals. Depending on the function of a semiochemical, this group of chemicals can be further divided into three classes: pheromones, kairomones and allomones. At the heart of the discipline are modern analytical instrumentation, careful observational biology and good bioassay design. Research during the past 50 years has identified many different semiochemicals. Several of these chemicals are currently in use as pest control agents. Although the majority of the early research focused on (lepidopteran) sex pheromones, in recent years, a shift is seen into semiochemicals from other insects and noninsects such as mammals, marine animals or even microorganisms. The field of chemical ecology has developed into a mature science with diverse practical applications, of which currently pest control is the most important.

Key Concepts

Chemical ecology studies the structure, origin and function of naturally occurring chemicals that mediate intraspecific or interspecific interactions.

Bioassays are crucial in successfully identifying active semiochemicals.

Semiochemicals are divided into different categories, depending on their function in an organism.

Chemical ecology has developed into a mature global science during the past 50 years.

Chemical ecology has benefited greatly from the advances in analytical instrumentation, such as mass spectrometry, gas chromatography and liquid chromatography.

Chemical ecology has a much wider application than only its use in pest control.

Chemical ecology is characterised by highly cross‐disciplinary research.
Inherited Pulmonary Disorders
Authors: Marinicak Stefan J , Lomas David A 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Hereditary lung diseases can affect the airways (asthma, COPD, cystic fibrosis and primary ciliary dyskinesia), parenchyma (pulmonary fibrosis, Birt–Hogg–Dubé syndrome and, tuberous sclerosis) and vasculature (hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia) of the lung. Such conditions include simple monogenic disorders such as Kartagener syndrome and α1‐antitrypsin, wherein mutations of critical genes are sufficient to induce well‐defined disease phenotypes. However, many are complex genetic traits in which inheritance subtly affects pathogenesis, for example asthma and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. A greater understanding of the genetic basis of pulmonary conditions has provided new insights into their underlying pathophysiology and helped in some cases to shed light on more common sporadic forms. Importantly, the identification of causative genes has also enabled prenatal diagnosis and genetic counselling to be introduced for many diseases.

Key Concepts

Common diseases frequently have a genetic component which with the advent of genome‐wide association studies can now be elucidated.

The study of rare monogenic disorders can provide important mechanistic clues to the pathogenesis of more common sporadic disease.

Pulmonary manifestations can be the presenting feature of several important inherited diseases.

Making a definitive genetic diagnosis permits the practicing of personised medicine.

Molecular testing using gene panels and whole genome sequencing is revolutionising respiratory medicine.
Biological Stoichiometry
Authors: Striebel Maren , Frost Paul C , Elser James J 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Biological stoichiometry is the study of the balance of energy and multiple chemical elements in living systems. It compares elemental requirements of organisms for growth, reproduction and maintenance with that provided by their nutritional resources. It considers the physiological, cellular and biochemical underpinnings of stoichiometric differences as well as their evolutionary basis. Primary producers generally exhibit greater flexibility in elemental composition compared to consumers, which leads to elemental imbalances between adjacent trophic levels. For individual organisms, the relatively low supply of an element can alter metabolic and physiological processes involving the acquisition, incorporation and release of multiple chemical elements. When sustained, elemental imbalances slow growth and limit reproduction of organisms, particularly those with relatively high elemental requirements. Elemental imbalances have been documented in diverse ecosystems and at multiple trophic levels and affect key ecological and evolutionary processes underlying population dynamics, life‐history evolution, community structure, trophic interactions and ecosystem function.

Key Concepts

Biological stoichiometry studies the balance of energy and multiple chemical elements in living systems.

Biological stoichiometry compares the elemental compositions of resources with the elemental requirements of organisms. It also considers the environmental and evolutionary origins of elemental imbalances between producers and consumers.

Biological stoichiometry approaches processes such as organism growth, population dynamics and trophic interactions as if such processes were composite chemical reactions that must simultaneously meet the law of mass conservation for multiple chemical elements and the rules of exact proportions in chemical reactions.

Biological stoichiometry uses its elemental perspective on biochemical and physiological processes to understand intra‐ and interspecific interactions that involve the transfer or transformation of matter in food webs.

Biological stoichiometry also provides a mechanistic framework for how animal species mediate ecosystem processes such as nutrient recycling. The stoichiometric approach can also be used to study trophic interactions as well as decomposition and microbial release of elements.

Biological stoichiometry considers the molecular and evolutionary basis of major differences in the C:N:P ratios of living things. Understanding how evolution affects these ratios provides considerable insight into processes that link all levels of organisation in biology.
Loss of Self‐Incompatibility by Mating‐Type Switching
Authors: Nieuwenhuis Bart PS 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSexual reproduction requires the fusion of compatible gametes. In many organisms without sexes, compatibility is described by the genes located at the mating‐types locus, and mating is restricted to haploid individuals carrying different alleles at this locus. To assure mating when no partners are around, a variety of mechanisms evolved that render two clonally derived cells compatible with each other, known as homothallism. This occurs mostly by incorporation of the two mating‐type alleles into the same haploid genome; however, this comes at a cost. Mating‐type switching reduces these costs by suppressing one of the mating‐type alleles. Clonal compatibility is maintained by structurally modifying the gene content or mating‐type conformation that defines the mating‐type identity of the cell. The presumed evolutionary steps from a self‐incompatibility to switching require incorporation of both mating‐type genes, silencing of one type, evolving a switching mechanism and optimising this mechanism.Key ConceptsMating types define compatibility between haploid individuals and are generally described by a single locus.In most species, only two mating types exist that strongly reduce the availability of compatible mates.Incorporation of the genes of both mating types (the mating‐type cassettes) into the same haploid genome can lead to self‐compatibility but comes at a large cost.Under low densities, the benefit of self‐compatibility can overcome the cost of carrying both mating‐type cassettes.Selection for suppression of one of the cassettes can restore a mostly outcrossing (heterothallic) phenotype, while probably retaining occasional selfing.After the evolution of silencing, switching during asexual growth is an efficient way of locally generating compatible genotypes.Suppression by dominance of mating type is likely to lead to switching by disruption or deletion.Suppression is determined by the location of a locus and likely selects for evolution of positional switching.