bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corrosion Resistance and Mechanical Properties of TIG and A-TIG Welded Joints of Lean Duplex Stainless Steel S82441 / 1.4662
Authors: Brytan Z. , Niagaj J. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
This paper presents results of pitting corrosion resistance of TIG (autogenous and with filler metal) and A-TIG welded lean duplex stainless steel S82441/1.4662 evaluated according to ASTM G48 method, where autogenous TIG welding process was applied using different amounts of heat input and shielding gases like pure Ar and Ar+N2 and Ar+He mixtures. The results of pitting corrosion resistance of the welded joints of lean duplex stainless steel S82441 were studied in as weld conditions and after different mechanical surface finish treatments. The results of the critical pitting temperature (CPT) determined according to ASTM G48 at temperatures of 15, 25 and 35°C were presented. Three different surface treatment after welding were applied: etching, milling, brushing + etching. The influence of post weld surface treatment was studied in respect to the pitting corrosion resistance, basing on CPT temperature.
Research on TIG welding of lean duplex stainless steel S82441/1.4662 showed a clear influence of the applied shielding gas mixtures, where the addition of 5 to 15% N2 to Ar virtually no effect on the level of resistance to pitting corrosion, only 5% N2 addition has a positive effect, while use of a mixture of 50% Ar + 50% He compared with welding at 100% Ar atmosphere, can significantly reduce the resistance to pitting corrosion. Definite good results were obtained during TIG welding with the participation of activation flux (A-TIG). The weld surface of lean duplex stainless S82441/1.4662 obtained in A-TIG welding without the addition of filler metal has a much lower tendency to pitting corrosion than traditional welds made by TIG method. Pitting corrosion resistance of welds made by A-TIG improved with the increase of the heat input in the tested range of welding current 100-200 A. It was also found that the intensity of the occurrence of pitting does not affect the method of cleaning welds after welding, but the mechanical removal of a thin surface layer of metal significantly reduces their intensity.
Carbon Nanotubes Counter Electrode for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Application
Authors: Drygała A. , Dobrzański L. A. , Szindler M. , Prokopiuk vel Prokopowicz M. , Pawlyta M. , Lukaszkowicz K. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe influence of the carbon nanotubes counter electrode deposited on the FTO glass substrates on the structure and optoelectrical properties of dye-sensitized solar cells counter electrode (CE) was analysed. Carbon materials have been applied in DSSC s in order to produce low-cost solar cells with reasonable efficiency. Platinum is a preferred material for the counter electrode because of its high conductivity and catalytic activity. However, the costs of manufacturing of the platinum counter electrode limit its use to large-scale applications in solar cells. This paper presents the results of examining the structure and properties of the studied layers, defining optical properties of conductive layers and electrical properties of dye-sensitized solar cells manufactured with the use of carbon nanotubes.Such counter electrodes are promising for the future fabrication of stable, low-cost and effective dye-sensitized solar cells.
Corrosion Resistance and Pitting Behaviour of Low-Carbon High-Mn Steels in Chloride Solution
Authors: Grajcar A. , Grzegorczyk B. , Kozłowska A. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Corrosion resistance of the X4MnSiAlNbTi27-4-2 and X6MnSiAlNbTi26-3-3 type austenitic steels, after hot deformation as well as after cold rolling, were evaluated in 3.5% NaCl solution using potentiodynamic polarization tests. A type of nonmetallic inclusions and their pitting corrosion behaviour were investigated. Additionally, the effect of cold deformation on the corrosion resistance of high-Mn steels was studied. The SEM micrographs revealed that corrosion damage formed in both investigated steels is characterized by various shapes and an irregular distribution at the metallic matrix, independently on the steel state (thermomechanically treated or cold worked). Corrosion pits are generated both in grain interiors, grain boundaries and along the deformation bands. Moreover, corrosion damage is stronger in cold deformed steels in comparison to the thermomechanically treated specimens. EDS analysis revealed that corrosion pits preferentially nucleated on MnS and AlN inclusions or complex oxysulphides. The morphology of corrosion damage in 3.5% NaCl supports the data registered in potentiodynamic tests.
Nano-Scale Structure Investigation of Vapour Deposited AlCrSiN Coating Using Transmission Electron Microscope Techniques
Authors: Lukaszkowicz K. , Labisz K. , Basiaga M. , Jonda E. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The investigations concerned the structural analysis of the AlCrSiN coating deposited by arc Physical Vapour Deposition method on the X40CrMoV5-1 hot work tool steel substrate. The deposition process was carried out on a device equipped with a technique of lateral, rotating cathodes. The nano/microstructure, phase identification and chemical state of the coating were analysed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. It was found that the investigated coatings have nanostructured nature consisting of fine crystallites. The fractographic tests were made using the scanning electron microscope and allow to state, that the coating was deposited uniformly and tightly adhere to the substrate material. In the work is presented the nature of a transition zone between the produced AlCrSiN coating and substrate material.
Mechanical Properties of Graphene Oxide–Copper Composites
Authors: Duda P. , Muzyka R. , Robak Z. , Kaptacz S. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Due to their characteristics, sintered Cu-C composites are materials used in electrical equipment. These characteristics include high electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and excellent resistance to abrasion. Currently, graphite nanopowder is used successfully as a carbon material. Metal-graphite, which is created on its basis, exists in different proportions of graphite to metal. A larger graphite content has a positive effect on smaller wear of commutators and rings. In contrast, a material with a higher copper content is used at high current densities. An example of such machines is a DC motor starter characterized by low voltage and large current.
Tribological properties of Cu-C composites depend on the form of carbon they include. Owing to the capability to manufacture graphene, it has become possible to produce composites with its content. The present study tested the effect of a graphene oxide content on tribological properties in contact with steel. Tests were conducted on a ball-on-disk apparatus in conditions of dry friction. Microscopic observation was performed on the Hitachi SU70 field emission electron microscope. EDS analyses were performed using the Thermo Scientific X-ray Microanalysis system. Disk wear and surface geometrical structure parameters (SGP) of the samples after tribological tests were determined on the basis of measurements made on the Talysurf 3D contact profilometer from Taylor Hobson.
Rapid Prototyping: Technologies, Materials and Advances
Authors: Dudek P. , Rapacz-Kmita A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn the context of product development, the term rapid prototyping (RP) is widely used to describe technologies which create physical prototypes directly from digital data. Recently, this technology has become one of the fastest-growing methods of manufacturing parts. The paper provides brief notes on the creation of composites using RP methods, such as stereolithography, selective laser sintering or melting, laminated object modelling, fused deposition modelling or three-dimensional printing. The emphasis of this work is on the methodology of composite fabrication and the variety of materials used in these technologies.
Manufacturing of Porous Ceramic Preforms Based on Halloysite Nanotubes (Hnts)
Authors: Kujawa M. , Dobrzański L. A. , Matula G. , Kremzer M. , Tomiczek B. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the influence of manufacturing conditions on the structure and properties of porous halloysite preforms, which during pressure infiltration were soaked with a liquid alloy to obtain a metal matrix composite reinforced by ceramic, and also to find innovative possibilities for the application of mineral nanotubes obtained from halloysite. The method of manufacturing porous ceramic preforms (based on halloysite nanotubes) as semi-finished products that are applicable to modern infiltrated metal matrix composites was shown. The ceramic preforms were manufactured by sintering of halloysite nanotubes (HNT), Natural Nano Company (USA), with the addition of pores and canals forming agent in the form of carbon fibres (Sigrafil C10 M250 UNS SGL Group, the Carbon Company). The resulting porous ceramic skeletons, suggest innovative application capabilities mineral nanotubes obtained from halloysite.
Influence of Milling Time on the Crystallite Size of AlSi5Cu2/SiC Composite Powder
Authors: Suśniak M. , Pałka P. , Karwan-Baczewska J. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
AlSi5Cu2/SiC nanocrystalline composite powder was successfully obtained by mechanical alloying of AlSi5Cu2 chips with reinforcement of 0, 10, 15, 20 wt. % of silicon carbide. X-ray powder diffraction was used to characterize obtained material. Detailed analyses using transmission and scanning electron microscopy have been conducted in order to collaborate the grain size measurement determined from the XRD analyses. Powders produced in a planetary ball mill with milling time: 1, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 40 hours, have shown shape and size evaluation during mechanical alloying process. It can be seen tendency to decrease the size of the grain as the milling time is increased. It is also noted that the grains of composites (AlSi5Cu2/SiC) are smaller than samples prepares without SiC addition. 40 hours of milling lead to formed very small grains of Al phase (20 nm in average) in composite powder.
Calculation of Critical Temperatures by Empirical Formulae
Authors: Trzaska J. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The paper presents formulas used to calculate critical temperatures of structural steels. Equations that allow calculating temperatures Ac1, Ac3, Ms and Bs were elaborated based on the chemical composition of steel. To elaborate the equations the multiple regression method was used. Particular attention was paid to the collection of experimental data which was required to calculate regression coefficients, including preparation of data for calculation. The empirical data set included more than 500 chemical compositions of structural steel and has been prepared based on information available in literature on the subject.
Growth and Characterisation of Pulsed-Laser Deposited Tin Thin Films on Cube-Textured Copper at Different Temperatures
Authors: Szwachta G. , Gajewska M. , Kąc S. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
High-quality titanium nitride thin films have been grown on a cube-textured copper surface via pulsed laser deposition. The growth of TiN thin films has been very sensitive to pre-treatment procedure and substrate temperature. It is difficult to grow heteroexpitaxial TiN films directly on copper tape due to large differences in lattice constants, thermal expansion coefficients of the two materials as well as polycrystalline structure of substrate. The X-Ray diffraction measurement revealed presence of high peaks belonged to TiN(200) and TiN(111) thin films, depending on used etcher of copper surface. The electron diffraction patterns of TiN(200)/Cu films confirmed the single-crystal nature of the films with cube-on-cube epitaxy. The high-resolution microscopy on our films revealed sharp interfaces between copper and titanium nitride with no presence of interfacial reaction.
Composite Coatings with Ceramic Matrix Including Nanomaterials as Solid Lubricants for Oil-Less Automotive Applications
Authors: Posmyk A. , Myalski J. , Hekner B. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The paper presents the theoretical basis of manufacturing and chosen applications of composite coatings with ceramic matrix containing nanomaterials as a solid lubricant (AHC+NL). From a theoretical point of view, in order to reduce the friction coefficient of sliding contacts, two materials are required, i.e. one with a high hardness and the other with low shear strength. In case of composite coatings AHC+NL the matrix is a very hard and wear resistant anodic oxide coating (AHC) whereas the solid lubricant used is the nanomaterial (NL) featuring a low shear strength such as glassy carbon nanotubes (GC). Friction coefficient of cast iron GJL-350 sliding against the coating itself is much higher (0.18-0.22) than when it slides against a composite coating (0.08-0.14). It is possible to reduce the friction due to the presence of carbon nanotubes, or metal nanowires.
Perovskite La1-xSrxFeO3 Thin Films Deposited by Laser Ablation Process
Authors: Cyza A. , Cieniek Ł. , Kopia A. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The aim of the research was to investigate the influence of strontium on the structure of thin films La1-xSrxFeO3 (x = 0; 0,1; 0,2). The LaFeO3 and Sr-doped LaFeO3 films were produced by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) on Si (100) substrate using the Nd-YAG (λ = 266 nm) laser. SEM, AFM and XRD methods were used to characterize the structure and morphology of the thin films. X-Ray Diffraction analysis showed only the LaFeO3 phase in the undoped thin film and the La0.9Sr0.1O3 and La0.8Sr0.2O3 phases in thin films doped by Sr. The mean crystallite size, calculated by Williamson-Hall method, was smaller (of the order of 18 nm) in films doped by Sr. SEM analysis showed small droplets in thin films doped by Sr. Highly developed surface layer was observed using the AFM microscope for thin films doped by Sr.
The Development of Rapidly Solidified Magnesium – Copper Ribbons
Authors: Pastuszak M. , Cieślak G. , Dobkowska A. , Mizera J. , Kurzydłowski K.J. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The aim of the present work was to plan and carry out an experiment consisting of amorphization of industrial magnesium alloy WE 43 (Mg - 4 Y - 3 RE - 0.5 Zr) modified by the copper addition. Investigated alloy modified with 20% of copper was rapidly quenched with the use of melt spinning technique. The effects of cooling rate on the structure and properties of the obtained material were extensively analyzed. The structure and phase analysis of samples were examined using X-ray diffraction method (XRD) while the thermal stability of the samples was determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Microstructure observations were also conducted. The microhardness tests (HV0.02) and corrosion resistance tests were carried out to investigate the properties of the material. Corrosion resistance measurements were held using a typical three-electrode system. As the result of the research, the effect of cooling rate on microstructure and properties of investigated alloy was determined.
Study of the Mechanical Properties of Strips Obtained in TRC Line
Authors: Mamala A. , Ściężor W. , Kwaśniewski P. , Grzebinoga J. , Kowal R. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Twin Roll Casting technology belongs to modern, integrated method of processing aluminum and its alloys. This method includes preparation of liquid metal and its continuous casting between the rotating cylindrical crystallizers, optional homogenizing treatment, cold rolling and optional interoperation or final heat treatment. Final products of TRC method are strips with a thickness from few to several millimeters, which can be directly subjected to cold rolling process to afford a sheet. Properties of final product are limited by the material’s condition, its chemical composition and also selected path of its processing technology. The paper presents research results of chemical composition and mechanical properties of strips obtained in Twin Roll Casting processing line.
A Singular Elliptic System with Higher Order Terms of p-Laplacian Type
Authors: De Cave Linda Maria 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
We use variational techniques to prove existence and nonexistence results for the following singular elliptic system:

{

-

div
⁡

(

|

∇
⁡
u

|

p
-
2

⁢

∇
⁡
u

)

=

θ
⁢

z
q

u

1
-
θ

,

u
>

0
⁢
in
⁢
Ω

,

u

∈

W
0

1
,
p

⁢

(
Ω
)

,

-

div
⁡

(

|

∇
⁡
z

|

p
-
2

⁢

∇
⁡
z

)

=

q
⁢

z

q
-
1

⁢

u
θ

,

z
>

0
⁢
in
⁢
Ω

,

z

∈

W
0

1
,
p

⁢

(
Ω
)

,

$\left\{\begin{aligned} \displaystyle{-}\operatorname{div}(|\nabla u|^{p-2}% \nabla u)&\displaystyle=\theta\frac{z^{q}}{u^{1-\theta}},&&\displaystyle u>0% \text{ in }\Omega,&&\hskip 10.0ptu\in W^{1,p}_{0}(\Omega),\\ \displaystyle-\operatorname{div}(|\nabla z|^{p-2}\nabla z)&\displaystyle=qz^{q% -1}u^{\theta},&&\displaystyle z>0\text{ in }\Omega,&&\hskip 10.0ptz\in W^{1,p}% _{0}(\Omega),\end{aligned}\right.$

where Ω is a bounded open set in

ℝ
N

${\operatorname{\mathbb{R}}^{\mathrm{N}}}$

(

N
≥
2

${\mathrm{N}\geq 2}$

),

p
>
1

${p>1}$

,

q
>
0

${q>0}$

and

0
<
θ
<
1

${0<\theta<1}$

.
Lack of ERG-antibody in Benign Mimickers of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Bachurska Svitlana Y. , Staykov Dmitriy G. , Ivanov Georgi P. , Belovezhdov Veselin T. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Introduction: Prostate carcinoma (PC) is the second most diagnosed cancer in men worldwide. Prostate tissue in needle biopsy expresses a wide variety of architectural patterns some of which are difficult to interpret. Immunohistochemical markers, such as AMACR, p63 and 34βE12 that are currently used in diagnosing prostate cancer, are of great value, but often their interpretation is ambiguous. In 2005 Tomlins et al. identified an emerging marker, erythroblastosis E26 rearrangement gene (ERG), which is a member of the family of genes encoding erythroblast-transformation specific transcription factors (ETS) with frequent expression in PC.
Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of ERG in benign mimickers of PC in needle biopsies and its diagnostic value alone and in combination with AMACK and 34βE12.
Results: Of the selected 46 biopsies, two were eventually diagnosed as PC Gleason score 6 as they were simultaneously ERG and AMACR-positive and 34βE12-negative. One case was considered atypical. The remaining 43 biopsies were diagnosed as benign cases: simple atrophy in 13 cases, partial atrophy in 11, adenosis in 9, basal cell hyperplasia in 3, post-atrophic hyperplasia in 3, clear cell hyperplasia in 2 and sclerotic adenosis in 2 cases. None of the 43 benign cores showed evidence of ERG expression.
Conclusion: ERG could be preferably used in diagnosing prostate needle biopsies, lesions that are hard to interpret and controversial expression of AMACR/34βE12.
Homozygous Carrier of Prothrombin G20210A Mutation with Massive Pulmonary Embolism and His Family: Gender Differences of Susceptibility to Mutation
Authors: Stoeva Natalia Y. , Koleva Vessela S. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Prothrombin 20210 G>A mutation is the second most frequent inherited factor increasing the risk for developing venous thromboembolism (VTE). The risk for VTE in homozygous carriers of this mutation is not well studied because of their rarity are rare. We report a case of a homozygous carrier of prothrombin mutation: a young man with massive pulmonary embolism, and his family - an asymptomatic homozygous sister, heterozygous parents with asymptomatic mother, and father with history of deep venous thrombosis (DVT). To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of homozygous prothrombin mutation carriers in Bulgaria and the other Balkan countries. We conclude that the homozygous prothrombin mutation creates predisposition for VTE that can manifest or not depending on additional factors, one of which could be male gender.
Vertebrobasilar System in the European Hare
Authors: Flešárová S. , Maženský D. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The aim of this study was to describe the arterial arrangement of the cervical spinal cord in the hare using the corrosion technique. The study was carried out on 10 adult European hares (Lepus Europeus). The arterial system of the cervical spinal cord was injected using Batson’s corrosion casting kit No. 17. The fusion of the bilateral vertebral arteries was found in 70% of the cases without a connecting branch and in 30% of the cases with one connecting branch just posterior to the fusion. The ventral spinal artery was in connection with the right vertebral artery in 60% of the cases and by means of an anastomosis of two spinal branches arising from the bilateral vertebral arteries in 40% of the cases. Based on the results of this study, it is possible to conclude that there is a high variability of the blood supply to the cervical part of the spinal cord in the hare.
A generalization of Burnside’s p-nilpotency criterion
Authors: Li Yangming , Su Ning , Wang Yanming 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Let p be a prime number, let G be a finite group, and let P be a Sylow p-subgroup of G. Under the assumption that

N
G

⁢

(
P
)

${N_{G}(P)}$

is p-nilpotent, we give an equivalent condition of the p-nilpotency of G. Our result is a generalization of the famous Burnside p-nilpotency criterion and some recent results.
Exploring Aesthetic Preferences in Rural Landscapes and the Relationship with Spatial Pattern Indices
Authors: Massoni Emma Soy , Varga Diego , Sáez Marc , Pintó Josep 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
This study examines how local population, tourists and farmers relate to rural landscapes, by exploring visual landscape preferences and the influence of everyday landscapes on the research subjects. Results point towards an immense variability in visual landscape preferences amongst user groups living in or visiting the study area (Plana de l’Empordà, Girona, Spain). Tourists rate grasslands at the top of their preference list, local residents prefer orchards, and farmers favour fields of irrigated herbaceous crops; showing, altogether, that the user's relationship with the landscape determines their visual preferences. Results show that farmers prefer agriculture dominated scenes while local residents and tourists prefer scenes with equilibrium between agricultural and natural elements. Likewise, the presence of margins is widely appreciated aesthetically by all respondents. Furthermore, results underline the importance of landscapes that are familiar to the respondents.
Environmental Hermeneutics: Ethnic and Ecological Traditions in Aesthetic Dialogue with Nature
Authors: Boldonova Irina 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The article presents dialogic attitude towards nature and focuses on the aesthetic form of interaction with environment via folklore and imaginative writing. The article analyzes the development of scientific thought from human ecology to environmental hermeneutics. Hermeneutic methodology is used in the field of “aesthetics of nature”, therefore, the author applies hermeneutic categories such as tradition, historically effective consciousness, hermeneutic circle, application to cultural heritage of one of Siberia’s natives and proves the advantages, heuristic value of these categories in analyzing dialogue with nature. Aesthetic dialogue with nature is studied on the example of ethnic and ecological traditions of the Buryat nomads, who historically migrated across Central Asia, nowadays live around Lake Baikal. The author argues that revitalizing ethnic and ecological traditions in folklore and contemporary national literature presents a hermeneutic dialogue with nature and considers it a valuable resource for ethical assumptions and ecological education for sustainable development.