bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lateral Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve as a Donor Source for Digital Nerve Grafting: A Concept Revisited
Authors: Unal Mehmet Bekir , Gokkus Kemal , Sirin Evrim , Cansü Eren 
Published: September 2017

Objective:
The main objective of this study is to evaluate the availability of lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve (LACN) autograft for acute or delayed repair of segmented digital nerve injuries.

Patients and Methods:
13 digital nerve defects of 11 patients; treated with interposition of LACN graft that harvested from ipsilateral extremity were included in the study. Mean follow up period was 35, 7 months. The mean time from injury to grafting is 53, 3 days. The results of the mean 2PDT and SWMT values of injured /uninjured finger at the end of follow up period were evaluated with Paired T test. The correlation between the defect length and the difference of 2PDT, SWMT values between the uninjured and injured finger at the end of follow up period; were evaluated with Pearson - correlation analysis.

Results:
The mean value of our 2PDT and SWMT results are ~5,923, ~3, 52, respectively in which can be interpreted between the normal and diminished light touch. The defect length and difference percentage of SWMT values is positively and significantly correlated statistically. Mean length of interposed nerve grafts was 18.5 mm. The age of the patient and the mean values of 2PDT and SWMT with the difference % of 2PDT and % of SWMT are not statistically correlated.

Conclusion:
Based on results regarding sensory regaining at recipient side and negligible sensory deficit at harvesting side, we suggest that lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve might be a valuable graft option for digital nerve defects.
Proximal Femur Locking Plate for Sub-Trochanteric Femur Fractures: Factors Associated with Failure
Authors: Zubairi Akbar , Rashid Rizwan Haroon , Zahid Marij , Hashmi Pervaiz Mahmood , Noordin Shahryar 
Published: September 2017

Introduction:Proximal femur locking compression plates (PF-LCP) have gained popularity since their inception due to superior biomechanical stability and durability but clinical experience has shown conflicting results including implant failure.Objective:To study the incidence of implant failure in patients with sub-trochanteric fractures managed with proximal femoral locking compression plate and identify potential risk factors associated with the failure.Materials & Methods:Fifty patients with sub-trochanteric fractures, operated upon with titanium PF-LCP were included in the study from January 2012 to December 2014. These plates were of two designs including one five 5.0 mm proximal locking screws (implant A) and other with three 6.5 mm proximal locking screws (implant B). Fractures were classified according to AO/OTA and Seinsheimer classification. Patients had regular follow-up visits for at least a year, allowing for clinical and radiological assessment of union and implant-related complications.Results:A total of 13 out of 50 (26%) plates failed of which 7 were implant fractures, 3 screw breakage and 3 screw cut outs. 70% of the failures occurred in elderly females. Overall implant failure was significantly more common in patients >50 years (p 0.04). Comparing the two different designs of implants used, implant A was more likely to fail at a plate screw density of 0.8 or more (p 0.02), whereas implant B was associated with significant failure when less than 4 proximal screws were used (p 0.03).Conclusion:This study revealed a high failure rate (26%) of this implant. Attention to the neck shaft angle difference, number of proximal screws and plate screw density may help reduce failure rates, particularly in elderly osteoporotic females.
Ocular Signs Related to Overweight and Arterial Hypertension in Children: A Systematic Review
Authors: Schuh Daniela S. , Piccoli Ângela B. , Paiani Raquel L. , Maciel Cristiane R , Pellanda Lucia C , Vilela Manuel AP 
Published: September 2017

Background:
The ocular effects of obesity and hypertension need to be established and can be used as prognostic markers.

Objective:
To estimate the prevalence of ophthalmological alterations in children and adolescents who are overweight and/or have SAH.

Methods:
The database for this study included all observational studies (CS, cohort, case-control and “baseline”
description of randomized clinical trials) with children and/or adolescents who were overweight, obese or had SAH and that measured ophthalmological alterations.

Results:
Comparative studies with healthy children demonstrated positive association between body adiposity with retinal venular dilation, and SAH with retinal arteriolar narrowing. Different retinal fundus cameras and computer-assisted programs to evaluate the retinal vessels, variations in the methods of analysis, adjustments, populations, were the main arguments against formal meta-analysis. The heterogeneity was too high (I2 >90%, in fixed or randomized effects), and the lack of linearity, normal distribution and homoscedasticity did not recommend meta-regression.

Conclusion:
Obesity and SAH show associations with ophthalmological alterations, especially with retinal vessel diameter. Lack of standardization does not allow a quantitative evaluation.
Randomized, Controlled Trial of the Effect of Dietary Potassium Restriction on Nerve Function in CKD
Authors: Arnold Ria , Pianta Timothy J. , Pussell Bruce A. , Kirby Adrienne , O’Brien Kate , Sullivan Karen , Holyday Margaret , Cormack Christine , Kiernan Matthew C. , Krishnan Arun V. 
Published: September 2017

Background and objectives
Neuromuscular complications are almost universal in CKD by the time that a patient commences dialysis. Recent studies have indicated that chronic hyperkalemia may contribute to the development of neuropathy in CKD. This study was undertaken to determine whether dietary restriction of potassium intake may be a neuroprotective factor in CKD.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
A 24-month prospective, single-blind, randomized, controlled trial was undertaken in 47 consecutively recruited patients with stages 3 and 4 CKD. The intervention arm (n=23) was prescribed a diet focusing on potassium restriction to meet a monthly serum potassium level of ≤4.5 mEq/L, with oral sodium polystyrene sulfonate provided if dietary advice failed to achieve the target. The control arm (n=24) received dietary advice regarding general nutrition. The primary outcome was the change in the total neuropathy score evaluated by a blinded observer. Secondary outcomes included electrolyte levels, gait speed, neurophysiologic parameters, and health-related quality of life scores. Five patients withdrew before initiation of treatment, and final analysis consisted of n=21 in each group.

Results
There was a greater increase in total neuropathy score from baseline to final assessment in the control arm compared with the intervention arm (6.1±6.2–8.6±7.9 controls; 7.8±7.4–8.2±7.5 intervention; change 2.8±3.3–0.4±2.2, respectively; P<0.01). The intervention significantly reduced mean serum potassium compared with controls (4.6±0.1–4.8±0.1 mEq/L mean recorded every 6 months over the trial duration; P=0.03). There were no adverse changes in other nutritional parameters. Improved gait speed was also noted in the intervention arm compared with the control arm, with a mean increase of 0.15±0.17 m/s in the intervention group versus 0.02±0.16 m/s in the control group (P=0.01).

Conclusions
Our results provide important preliminary evidence that dietary potassium restriction confers neuroprotection in CKD and should be confirmed in a larger multicenter trial.
Changes in Albuminuria and Subsequent Risk of Incident Kidney Disease
Authors: Sumida Keiichi , Molnar Miklos Z. , Potukuchi Praveen K. , George Koshy , Thomas Fridtjof , Lu Jun Ling , Yamagata Kunihiro , Kalantar-Zadeh Kamyar , Kovesdy Csaba P. 
Published: September 2017

Background and objectives
Albuminuria is a robust predictor of CKD progression. However, little is known about the associations of changes in albuminuria with the risk of kidney events outside the settings of clinical trials.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
In a nationwide cohort of 56,946 United States veterans with an eGFR≥60 ml/min per 1.73 m2, we examined the associations of 1-year fold changes in albuminuria with subsequent incident CKD (>25% decrease in eGFR reaching <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2) and rapid eGFR decline (eGFR slope <−5 ml/min per 1.73 m2 per year) assessed using Cox models and logistic regression, respectively, with adjustment for confounders.

Results
The mean age was 64 (SD, 10) years old; 97% were men, and 91% were diabetic. There was a nearly linear association between 1-year fold changes in albuminuria and incident CKD. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of incident CKD associated with more than twofold decrease, 1.25- to twofold decrease, 1.25- to twofold increase, and more than twofold increase (versus <1.25-fold decrease to <1.25-fold increase) in albuminuria were 0.82 (95% confidence interval, 0.77 to 0.89), 0.93 (95% confidence interval, 0.86 to 1.00), 1.12 (95% confidence interval, 1.05 to 1.20), and 1.29 (95% confidence interval, 1.21 to 1.38), respectively. Qualitatively similar associations were present for rapid eGFR decline (adjusted odds ratios; 95% confidence intervals for corresponding albuminuria changes: adjusted odds ratio, 0.86; 95% confidence interval, 0.78 to 0.94; adjusted odds ratio, 0.98; 95% confidence interval, 0.89 to 1.07; adjusted odds ratio, 1.18; 95% confidence interval, 1.08 to 1.29; and adjusted odds ratio, 1.67; 95% confidence interval, 1.54 and 1.81, respectively).

Conclusions
Relative changes in albuminuria over a 1-year interval were linearly associated with subsequent risk of kidney outcomes. Additional studies are warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the observed associations and test whether active interventions to lower elevated albuminuria can improve kidney outcomes.
Hacia una nueva medición de niveles de luminosidad en ambientes interiores mediante el uso de una Red de Sensores Inalámbricos / Towards a new measuring luminosity level in indoor scenarios by using Wireless Sensor networks
Authors: Lara Cueva Román Alcides , Sangucho Velasco Mayra Elizabeth 
Published: September 2017

El dispositivo electrónico comúnmente usado para medir el nivel de luminosidad en ambientes interiores y exteriores es el luxómetro; no se encontraron antecedentes investigativos relacionados con el uso de una red de sensores inalámbricos (WSN del inglés Wireless Sensors Network) para medir el nivel de iluminación en el interior de salas de clase. Con base en lo anterior, el objetivo de este artículo es medir los niveles de luminosidad en el interior de aulas de clase de educación superior mediante una WSN en la banda de frecuencia ISM de 2.4 GHz. La recolección de datos se realizó durante el verano en dos aulas de clase, ubicadas en el primer y cuarto piso. Para medir la luminosidad se utilizó el método de los lúmenes para que los módulos configurables estuvieran distribuidos uniformemente en el interior de las salas de clase a una altura de un plano de trabajo de 0.80 m del nivel del suelo. Los resultados promedios del valor de luz detectado por cada sensor representaron el nivel de luminosidad y fueron comparados con valores existentes en la norma ISO-8995, en la que se recomienda que la luminosidad mínima en aulas de educación superior debe ser de 500 lux. Los resultados muestran que los escenarios de pruebas escogidos presentan una luminosidad máxima de 981 lux y mínima de 859 lux. Las aulas poseen una luminosidad superior a la recomendada por la norma ISO-8995 y no presentan sombras molestas porque tienen una iluminación natural y artificial adecuada.
La protección extensiva de la jurisprudencia constitucional de mujeres con VIH/sida: gestantes y trabajadoras sexuales
Authors: Cruz Dannia Estefani López 
Published: September 2017

A partir de la identificación del precedente jurisprudencial emanado de la Corte Constitucional, frente al amparo de la salud de personas que padecen el Síndrome de Inmuno Deficiencia Adquirida (SIDA) y/o son portadores del Virus de Inmunodeficiencia Humana (VIH), se identifican los criterios adoptados por la Corte encaminados a garantizarle a ese segmento de la población la protección en materia de salud, teniendo en cuenta que esta no se consideró como derecho fundamental en la Carta Política colombiana – sin embargo, asumiendo la Corte Constitucional el papel de garante en su protección, desde sus primeros pronunciamientos, determina el alcance y contenido de forma diferente en relación con la época del fallo. De lo anterior se colige el desarrollo extensivo en la protección constitucional a la salud, ya que se vino amparando en el Artículo 13 de la Constitución el cual evoca el derecho a la igualdad, verbi gracia, el fundamento jurídico de los primeros fallos de revisión de tutelas, estuvo amparado en ese derecho, en el acceso a servicios de salud y posteriormente fue sustentado en la protección del derecho social a la salud en conexidad con el derecho fundamental a la vida, para que en los últimos fallos se determinara que la salud siempre ha sido un derecho fundamental autónomo, en cuanto no requiere de la conexidad con derecho fundamental alguno, para ser salvaguardado judicialmente desde los fallos de tutela, sino que debe ampararse directamente como un derecho fundamental independiente.
SIFAT PULP BERBAHAN BAKU ALGA MERAH Gracilaria sp. DAN Eucheuma sp. (THE PROPERTIES OF PULP FROM Gracilaria sp. AND Eucheuma sp. RED ALGAE)
Authors: Apriani Rachmawati , Zulfahmi Ilham 
Published: September 2017

The study aimed to determine the properties of pulp prepared from Gracilaria sp. and Eucheuma sp. red algae. The experiments were conducted during the month of October 2016 at Bandung Institute of Technology and Science and the Center for Pulp and Paper. Soda pulping with 10% NaOH charge at 105 o C was carried out to produce pulp from Gracilaria sp. and Eucheuma sp. Pulp handsheets were prepared according to the standard procedures TAPPI T205 sp - 95. The present experiments were consisting of four treatments i.e. A (60% algae pulp: 40% NBKP), B (70% algae pulp : 30% NBKP), C (80% algae pulp : 20% NBKP) and D (100% NBKP). The Kappa numbers, tearing strength, tensile strength and brightness of pulp were determined. The results showed that the Kappa number of Eucheuma sp. pulp was lower than that of Gracilaria sp. pulp. The highest tearing and tensile strength of pulp were obtained from treatment A (60% Eucheuma sp. pulp : 40% NBKP), i.e. 933.5 ± 19.5 and 3.16 ± 0.07 mN kN/m, respectively. Meanwhile, the Gracilaria sp. pulp retained a higher brightness than Eucheuma sp. pulp. Pulp produced from treatment A (60% Gracilaria sp. pulp: 40% NBKP) resulted in the highest brightness of 67.18 ± 1.59%. ABSTRAK Penelitian bertujuan untuk menentukan sifat pulp berbahan baku Gracilaria sp. dan Eucheuma sp. Penelitian dilaksanakan bulan Oktober 2016 di Institut Teknologi dan Sains Bandung serta Balai Besar Pulp dan Kertas. Gracilaria sp. dan Eucheuma sp. diproses dengan mengekstraksi selulosa pada suhu maksimum 80o C selama 140 menit (20 menit untuk mencapai suhu maksimum dan 120 menit pada suhu maksimum). Bahan kimia yang digunakan, yaitu NaOH sebanyak10% dari berat kering alga. Lembaran uji dibuat mengikuti metode TAPPI (T205 sp - 95). Variasi perlakuan penelitian adalah A (60% pulp alga : 40 % NBKP), B (70% pulp alga : 30% NBKP), C (80% pulp alga : 20% NBKP), dan D (100% NBKP). Pengamatan parameter meliputi bilangan Kappa, ketahanan sobek, ketahanan tarik dan derajat cerah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pulp Eucheuma sp. memiliki bilangan Kappa yang lebih rendah dari pulp Gracilaria sp. Ketahanan sobek dan ketahanan tarik tertinggi diperoleh dari perlakuan A (60% pulp Euchema sp. : 40 % NBKP), yaitu masing-masing sebesar 933,5 ± 19,5 mN dan 3,16 ± 0,07 kN/m. Sementara itu, lembaran uji dari pulp Gracilaria sp. memiliki derajat cerah lebih tinggi dari derajat cerah pulp Euchema sp. Derajat cerah tertinggi diperoleh dari perlakuan A (60% pulp Gracilaria sp. : 40 % NBKP) sebesar 67,18 ± 1,59 %.
Efecto hepatoprotector del Asparagus officinalis (Espárrago verde) en daño inducido por fármacos antituberculosos
Authors: Mezones Linda , Lara Reynaldo , Paredes Rafael , Goñi Alcida , Cenizario Lizbeth , Chiclayo Yuri , Garibay Raúl , Huamán Luis , Neyra Nirvana , Flores Miguel , Chávez-Asmat Roberto 
Published: September 2017

Objetivos. Evaluar el efecto hepatoprotector del extracto acuoso del Asparagus officinalis (AO) en daño inducido por fármacos antituberculosos. Materiales y métodos. Diseño experimental, se utilizó ratas Holtzman macho (n= 32) y tallos de AO. Se conformó cuatro grupos de ratas (n=8): G1: control con solución salina fisiológica (SSF) por vía oral (VO), G2, G3 y G4 con AO a dosis de 25, 50 y 100 mg/kg respectivamente; todos los grupos recibieron isoniazida (I) y rifampicina (R) a razón de 50 mg/kg durante 21 días. Se realizó punción cardiaca para evaluación seriada de enzimas hepáticas; finalmente, las ratas fueron sacrificadas para análisis histopatológico. Se evaluó la variación de peso, cambios en heces y orinas. Niveles de transaminasas (ALT y AST), bilirrubina total (BT), evaluación macroscópica de hígado y estructura hepatocelular. Se aplicó la prueba paramétrica de ANOVA y post-hoc Sheffe, y las no paramétricas de Kruskal-Wallis y Mann Whitney. El análisis se realizó con el paquete estadístico SPSS V20 y se consideró significativo un p<0,05. Resultados. El peso disminuyó 8,06% en el grupo G1. Las heces y orinas fueron de color marrón oscuro en mayor porcentaje en G1. Los niveles de ALT y AST resultaron mayores en G1 a los días 11 y 21 con respecto a G2, G3 y G4 (prueba ANOVA [p< 0,01], Scheffe (p< 0,01)). El Grupo G1 presentó severa infiltración de células inflamatorias, marcada congestión alrededor de vena centrolobulillar y severa dilatación de sinusoides a diferencia de G2, G3 y G4. Conclusiones. En condiciones experimentales el extracto acuoso del Asparagus officinalis tiene efecto hepatoprotector ante el daño inducido por fármacos antituberculosos (I + R).
Nivel de información sobre terapias complementarias y adopción de estilo de vida promotor de salud en personas de la tercera edad en Trujillo
Authors: Vásquez Angulo Victoria Soledad , León Castillo Milagritos del Rocí­o 
Published: September 2017

Objetivos. Determinar la asociación entre el nivel de información sobre terapias complementarias y el nivel de “estilo de vida promotor de salud” en personas de la tercera edad pertenecientes al Centro de Atención de Medicina Complementaria de la ciudad de Trujillo entre junio-agosto del año 2008. Materiales y métodos. Estudio transversal. Se evaluó una muestra de 30 personas mayores de 60 años pertenecientes a los Círculos de Salud del Centro de Medicina Complementaria. Con el uso de una encuesta se determinó el sexo, el nivel de información sobre terapias complementarias, y el estilo de vida promotor de salud y sus dimensiones (autorrealización, responsabilidad de salud, ejercicio, nutrición, apoyo personal y manejo de estrés). Resultados. Un 56,6% de los encuestados mostró un nivel medio y un 23,3% un nivel alto de información sobre terapias complementarias. Un 36,7% tuvo un nivel bueno de estilo de vida promotor de salud. La autorrealización y nutrición fueron las dimensiones con mejores resultados (43,3%). El 36,7% tuvieron una responsabilidad de salud deficiente. Se encontró una asociación significativa entre el nivel de información sobre terapias complementarias y la autorrealización, responsabilidad de salud y el nivel de estilo de vida promotor de salud (p<0,05). Conclusión. El nivel de información en terapias complementarias está asociado con el nivel de adopción de estilo de vida promotor de salud en pacientes adultos mayores del Centro de Atención de Medicina Complementaria de Trujillo durante el año 2008. Se sugiere promover la información sobre terapias complementarias para facilitar la obtención de estilos devida saludables en adultos mayores.
Requirement for cystatin C testing in chronic kidney disease: a retrospective population-based study
Authors: Lasserson Daniel S , Shine Brian , O’Callaghan Christopher A , James Tim 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundCreatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) determines chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage, but underestimates renal function. The 2014 updated guidance from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) recommends that GPs reduce overdiagnosis of CKD stage 3a (eGFR 45–60 ml/min/1.73 m2) by using the renal biomarker cystatin C.AimTo determine the population requirement for cystatin C testing, compared with current national availability of the assay.Design and settingRetrospective study of primary care laboratory requests in Oxfordshire, England.MethodThe first creatinine results from tests ordered in primary care over a 6-year period (2008–2014) in a population of 600 000 in Oxfordshire were analysed and the number of patients with CKD stage 3a without proteinuria (who, in accordance with NICE guidance, required cystatin C) was determined. A conservative estimate of the national need was provided by scaling the population of Oxfordshire to the national population (CKD prevalence in the county is below the national average). Cystatin C assay availability was determined using national databases of laboratory assay provision.ResultsFrom a population of 600 000, there were 22 240 individuals with stable stage 3a CKD and no proteinuria. As the population of Oxfordshire equates to 1% of the UK population, there is an initial requirement for at least 2 million people to have their CKD status determined with cystatin C testing. Eight laboratories (2.1% of UK laboratories) reported cystatin C assay provision.ConclusionThere is a substantial gap between cystatin C assay requirements in primary care and national assay provision. This is a major barrier to implementing NICE guidance.
The Carbon and Nitrogen Abundance Ratio in the Broad Line Region of Tidal Disruption Events
Authors: Yang Chenwei , Wang Tinggui , Ferland Gary J. , Dou Liming , Zhou Hongyan , Jiang Ning , Sheng Zhenfeng 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The rest-frame UV spectra of three recent tidal disruption events (TDEs), ASASSN-14li, PTF15af, and iPTF16fnl, display strong nitrogen emission lines but weak or undetectable carbon lines. In these three objects, the upper limits of the C iii]

/N iii]

ratio are about two orders of magnitude lower than those of quasars, suggesting a high abundance ratio of [N/C]. With detailed photoionization simulations, we demonstrate that

and

are formed in the same zone, so the Ciii]/N iii] ratio depends only moderately on the physical conditions in the gas and weakly on the shape of the ionizing continuum. There are smaller than 0.5 dex variations in the line ratio over wide ranges of gas densities and ionization parameters at a given metallicity. This allows a robust estimate of the relative abundance ratio of nitrogen to carbon. We derive a relative abundance ratio of [N/C] > 1.5 for ASASSN-14li, and an even higher one for PTF15af and iPTF16fnl. This suggests that the broad line region in those TDE sources is made of nitrogen-enhanced core material that falls back at later times. Based on stellar evolution models, the lower limit of the disrupted star should be larger than

. The chemical abundance of the line-emitting gas provides convincing evidence that the flares originate from stellar tidal disruptions. The coincidence of the weakness of the X-ray emission with the strong broad absorption lines in PTF15af and iPTF16fnl, and the strong X-ray emission without such lines in ASASSN-li14, are analogous to quasars with and without broad absorption lines.