bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Keragaan Tumpangsari Hutan dalam Peremajaan Hutan dan Penghasil Pangan: Analisis Kasus Tumpangsari di KPH Cepu.
Authors: Pakpahan Agus , Irawan Bambang , Hendiarto NFN 
Published: October 2017

<strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Tumpangsari hutan merupakan suatu penerapan konsep agroforestry yang telah berjalan lebih dari satu abad sejak Buurman memperkenalkannya pada tahun 1873. Permasalahan yang dirasakan pada penerapan metoda tumpangsari dalam sistem peremajaan hutan dewan ini adalah adanya gejala semakin langkanya pekerja hutan yang dapat dikontrak sebagai pembuat tanaman. Kesulitan itu disinyalir disebabkan adanya kecenderungan penurunan produktivitas lahan sehingga pendapatan pesanggem dari hasil usahataninya berkurang. Di pihak lain metoda peremajaan ini merupakan metoda peremajaan hutan yang diandalkan karena kelebihan-kelebihannya dibanding dengan metoda peremajaan yang lain. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran mengenai keragaan tumpangsari hutan terutama yang berhubungan dengan perubahan penerimaan dan biaya, resiko dan respon dari faktor-faktor produksi terhadap hasil sebagai akibat adanya perubahan teknik berproduksi dari tumpangsari tradisional ke Inmas tumpangsari. Untuk sampai pada tujuan tersebut telah digunakan metoda analisis budget, pembandingan koefisien variasi (CV), dan analisis fungsi produksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerimaan atas biaya tunai meningkat sebesar 75 persen dan 13 persen masing-masing untuk perubahan tumpangsari tradisional ke Inmas tumpangsari pada lahan bonita 3 dan bonita 4. Resiko yang dihadapi dalam usahatani tumpangsari cukup tinggi seperti tergambar dalam CV yang pada umumnya lebih dari 40 persen. Elastisitas penerimaan atas biaya tunai (dihitung dengan metoda aritamtik biasa) terhadap perubahan biaya yang dikeluarkan untuk pupuk dan pestisida adalah 45 persen dan 22 persen masing-masing untuk perubahan tumpangsari tradisional ke Inmas pada lahan bonita 3 dan bonita 4. Adapun hasil pengujian statistik dari fungsi produksi, secara parsial tidak menunjukkan adanya pengaruh yang berarti dari setiap masukan usahatani dan jarak antara lahan andil dengan rumah petani. Walaupun begitu, pengaruh peubah-peubah bebas tersebut secara sekaligus keseluruhan menunjukkan pengaruh yang nyata pada tingkat kepercayaan 99 persen.
Suatu Pemikiran Tentang Analisis Penawaran dan Permintaan Jenis Daging di Indonesia
Authors: Ilham Nyak , Kariyasa Ketut , Wiryono Budi 
Published: October 2017

<p><strong>English<br /></strong>The objectives of this review is to determine the key factors in formulating supply and demand analysis for meat with respect of its aplication and results interpretation. The result indicate some factors have to be considered, i.e. : the actual meat marketing system, the related basic theory, the availability and data management, and the objective the respective study. In addition, the elasticity of supply and demand with respect to output and input price should be taken into account. Some kinds of meat and fisheries has specific characteristic by regims, time, as well as consumers' income.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Indonesian<br /></strong>Tulisan ini merupakan tinjauan pustaka yang bertujuan untuk meaparkan faktor-faktor yang harus di perhatikan dalam memformulasikan suatu model analisis penawaran dan permintaan daging, berkaitan dengan aplikasi model dan interprestasi hasil yang diperoleh. Hasil analisis menunjukan beberapa faktor yang perlu diperhatikan adalah: pola pemasaran daging aktual, basis teori, ketersediaan dan pengelolaan data, dan tujuan penelitian yang ingin di capai. Perlu juga di perhatikan tingkat respons terhadap perubahan harga dan sifat substitusi dan komplementer komoditas yang di teliti. Beberapa jenis daging dan ikan segar memiliki karakteristik sifat yang berfariasi menurut waktu, wilayah dan tingkat pendapatan kosumen</p>
Keragaan Kredit Usahatani dalam menunjang peningkatan produksi pangan
Authors: Sumaryanto NFN , Pasandaran Effendi 
Published: October 2017

<strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Swasembada pangan telah menjadi komitmen nasional dalam politik pangan di Indonesia. Oleh sebab itu upaya peningkatan produksi pangan terus dilakukan. Penyediaan kredit usahatani (KUT) merupakan salahsatu kebijakan pemerintah yang ditujukan untuk membantu permodalan petani dalam menerapkan teknologi anjuran agar produktivitas usahatani dan pendapatan petani dapat ditingkatkan. Tulisan ini mencoba mengungkapkan keragaan KUT dalam menunjang peningkatan produksi pangan. Hasil telaahan menunjukkan bahwa eksistensi KUT masih sangat dibutuhkan untuk mendukung peningkatan produksi pangan. Pada daerah yang jangkauan petani terhadap sarana produksi sangat baik, KUT cukup efektif sebagai bantuan permodalan. Sedangkan pada daerah rintisan pengembangan produksi pangan lebih efektif sebagai pendukung penyebaran teknologi.
Interface Renewal and Concentration Shock Through Sloughing: Accounting for the Dissonance Between Production Models and Measured Outcomes for Solvent–Assisted Bitumen–Production Processes
Authors: Stewart Robert A. , Shaw John M. 
Published: October 2017

Summary
The two-order-of-magnitude mismatch between solvent-assisted bitumen theory and experimental production rates is analyzed with dimensionless groups. This analysis suggests that natural convection does not play a role at bitumen/solvent interfaces and that the interfacial tension (IFT) is an important parameter in solvent-production methods but not in thermal-production methods. This fundamental difference leads to a hypothesis that supports accelerated-solvent mass transfer by way of discontinuous flow events at the solvent/bitumen interface coined “sloughing.” This paper focuses on the production of bitumen-rich bitumen + solvent mixtures at the bitumen/solvent interfaces, and it references a chapter in Robert Stewart's PhD thesis, University of Alberta, 2016 (Stewart 2016).
उपचार आर्द्रभूमियााँ
Authors: Dotro Gabriela , Langergraber Günter , Molle Pascal , Nivala Jaime , Puigagut Jaume , Stein Otto , von Sperling Marcos 
Published: October 2017

उपचार आर्द्रभूमियााँ ‘जैविक अपमिष्ट जल’ िें सातिाृं खृंड है
उपचार श्ृंखर ला, जो सीिेज उपचार के विज्ञान और तकनीक की अत्याधुननक प्रस्तुनत देती है। आर्द्रभूमि प्रणामलयों के प्रिुख प्रकार इस खृंड िें िामिल हैं, नाितः: (i) क्षैनतज प्रिाह आर्द्रभूमि; (ii) ऊध्िारधर प्रिाह आर्द्रभूमि; (iii) फ्रें च ऊध्िारधर प्रिाह आर्द्रभूमि; (iv) सघन आर्द्रभूमि; (v) िुक्त जल सतह आर्द्रभूमि; (vi) उपचार आर्द्रभूमि के अन्य अनुप्रयोि। पुस्तक िुख्य अिधारणाओृं, कािकाजी मसद्धाृंतों, अपेक्षक्षत प्रदिरन, डडजाइन िानदृंड, डडजाइन उदाहरण, ननिारण पहलुओृं और पररचालन द्रदिाननदेिों को स्पष्ट और उपचारात्िक तरीके से प्रस्तुत करती है। पुस्तक को उपचार के क्षेत्र के िीर्र वििेर्ज्ञों की एक अृंतरराष्रीय टीि ने मलखा है।
श्ृंखर ला के बारे िें:
इस बहुप्रिृंमसत श्ृंखर ला िें सात पाठ्यपुस्तकें िामिल हैं - वप्रटृं िें या िुक्त-अमभिि ई-पुस्तकों के रूप िें उपलब्लध - जो जैविक अपमिष्ट जल उपचार के विज्ञान और तकनीक की एक अत्याधुननक प्रस्तुनत प्रदान करती हैं। विकमसत और विकासिील देिों िें छात्रों, िोधकतारओृं और अभ्यासकों द्िारा श्ृंखर ला के सभी खण्डों का व्यापक रूप से उपयोि क्रकया िया है। जैविक अपमिष्ट जल उपचार श्ृंखर ला िें िीर्कर हैं: खृंड 1: अपमिष्ट जल के लक्षण, उपचार और ननपटानखृंड 2: अपमिष्ट जल उपचार के िूल मसद्धाृंतखृंड 3: अपमिष्ट स्स्िरीकरण तालाबखृंड 4: अिायािीय ररएक्टरखृंड 5: सक्रिय कीचड़ और िायुजीिी बायोक्रिल्ि ररएक्टरखृंड 6: कीचड़ उपचार और ननपटानखृंड 7: उपचार आर्द्रभूमियााँ
आईएसबीएन: 9781780408767 (पेपरबैक)
आईएसबीएन: 9781789062564 (ई-पुस्तक)
Development and application of biogas project for domestic sewage treatment in rural China: opportunities and challenges
Authors: Cheng Shikun , Zhao Mingyue , Mang Heinz-Peter , Zhou Xiaoqin , Li Zifu 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The biogas project for domestic sewage treatment (BPDST) is considered a promising facility for wastewater management in rural areas of China. This paper explores previous experimental works, cost analysis, and BPDST structure and design based on Chinese literature. Opportunities for developing decentralized or neighborhood-based BPDSTs include fulfilling Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the water pollution situation and deficiency of wastewater treatment facilities, the advantages of BPDSTs compared with centralized sewage plant, government support and policy drive for rural wastewater treatment, and reuse demand for resources. Meanwhile, challenges faced are emphasized as follows: uncertain responsibility for BPDSTs under different governmental departments restricts BPDST development and should be specified; uncertain effluent quality due to low efficiency of nutrient removal requires aerobic post-treatment to some extent; rural environmental awareness is still low and should be heightened; more funds should be invested in R&D for improvement of technology innovation; more reuse and resource recovery elements should be considered during implementation; follow-up services are lacking and should be improved; and BPDST maintenance should be trained. This paper could provide valuable reference for other developing countries.
Analytical Investigation of the Dynamic Response of a Timoshenko Thin-Walled Beam with Asymmetric Cross Section Under Deterministic Loads
Authors: Ghandi Elham , Rasa Ahmed Ali Akbari 
Published: October 2017

Inroduction:The objective of the present paper is to analyze dynamic response of the Timoshenko thin-walled beam with coupled bending and torsional vibrations under deterministic loads. The governing differential equations were obtained by using Hamilton’s principle. The Timoshenko beam theory was employed and the effects of shear deformations, Rotary inertia and warping stiffness were included in the present formulations. Dynamic features of underlined beam are obtained using free vibration analysis.Methods:For this purpose, the dynamic stiffness matrix method is used. Application of exact dynamic stiffness matrix method on the movement differential equations led to the issue of nonlinear eigenvalue problem that was solved by using Wittrick–Williams algorithm . Differential equations for the displacement response of asymmetric thin-walled Timoshenko beams subjected to deterministic loads are used for extracting orthogonality property of vibrational modes.Results:Finally the numerical results for dynamic response in a sample of mentioned beams is presented. The presented theory is relatively general and can be used for various kinds of deterministic loading in Timoshenko thin-walled beams.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy as an Effort to Improve Self Acceptance of Adolescents in Orphanage
Authors: Pramono Ridwan B. , Astuti Dwi 
Published: October 2017

Background:
The Ministry of Social Affairs found several relevant facts about the condition of child care in orphanages across five cities in Indonesia, among others is the lack of attention to the fulfillment of emotional needs and psychosocial development. This problem persists despite the knowledge that major changes in maturity and psychosocial development, particularly associated with the social function, progressed greatly during adolescence, increasing the need for intensive psychological assistance during self-discovery. The process of self-discovery always begins with self-acceptance.

Objective:
This study aims to empirically test the influence of CBT (cognitive behavior therapy) on self-acceptance in adolescents living in an orphanage. The proposed hypothesis in this study is as follows: There is a difference in the level of self-acceptance that adolescent showed before and after receiving lessons on self-acceptance through CBT.

Methods:
This research used a quantitative research method with the untreated control group design with multiple dependent pretest and post-test. Data analysis was done through mixed ANOVA. The subjects of the study were young (adolescent) orphans of Samsah in Kudus. We used purposive sampling to collect the sample. The number of subjects in the experimental and control groups was 12 subjects.

Conclusion:
The results of this study show that CBT plays a significant role as a stimulus in improving adolescents' self-acceptance. The major contribution of CBT in improving self-acceptance in adolescents is 68.6%. An orphanage is expected to provide additional lessons on life, social support, and positive thinking that could sustainably support the stimulation that CBT has given to increase adolescents’ self-acceptance.
3D Reservoir Modeling of Triassic Yanchang Formation Chang 812 Layer in Honghe36 well area, Ordos Basin, China
Authors: Feng Congjun , Sun Mengsi , Pu Renhai , Zhang Min , Li Daming 
Published: October 2017

Background:
Three-dimensional geological modeling of reservoirs is not only the key factor for reservoir description and prediction of oil reserves but also an important means of quantitative characterization of reservoir geometry and heterogeneity in three dimensional spaces. The aim of this paper is to establish prediction model for sandstone classification and reservoir petrophysical properties.

Methods:
Sand body prediction model was built by using stochastic simulation of discrete variables. Gauss model and sequential Gauss simulation method were selected to build porosity, permeability and oil saturation models.

Results:
The Chang 812 layer includes three sedimentary microfacies: distributary channel, inter-distributary bay and swamp. The dominant thickness of Chang 812 layer ranges from 15 to 20m. Three other classes of thickness (5-10 m, 10-15 m and 0-5 m) are subsequently less present. The major porosity of Chang 812 layer ranges from 5 to 15%, the major permeability ranges from 0.1 to 2×10-3μm2 and the major oil saturation ranges from 55 to 70%.

Conclusion:
The Chang 812 layer of Triassic Yanchang Formation mainly formed in braided delta plain depositional environment. The truncated Gauss simulation of sand body was applied in simulation. The thickness of the sand body is relatively greater than the porosity, permeability and oil saturation values.
Ensamblaje de murciélagos (Mammalia: Chiroptera) en dos zonas del departamento de Sucre, Colombia. Bat assemblages (Mammalia: Chiroptera)
Authors: Alonso Durán Adrián , Canchila Pérez Silfredo 
Published: October 2017

RESUMEN. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la estructura y composición de los ensamblajes de murciélagos en los alrededores de la Estación Meteorológica Primates (Colosó) y finca La Flojera (Sincelejo), en el departamento de Sucre, Colombia; desde junio de 2011 hasta marzo de 2012. La captura de los murciélagos se realizó con redes de niebla, activas entre las 18:00 a 24:00 h. Se capturaron 427 murciélagos pertenecientes a 26 especies, 17 géneros, seis subfamilias y cuatro familias taxonómicas. La familia Phyllostomidae fue la de mayor diversidad, con 20 especies y el 97.9% de todos los individuos capturados. Artibeus planirostris fue la especie más abundante con 139 individuos, luego Phyllostomus discolor con 56, Desmodus rotundus y Sturnira lilium, ambas con 37 individuos. De acuerdo con los estimadores de riqueza utilizados, la eficiencia del muestreo osciló entre un 80 y 90%. Al considerar las categorías tróficas, los murciélagos frugívoros presentaron la mayor riqueza de especies (42.3%). El valor de diversidad de Shannon-Wiener (H’) obtenido para la zona 1 (Colosó) fue de 2.4 y para la zona 2 (Sincelejo), de 2.0. La dominancia presentó su mayor valor (0.85) en la estación Primates. El análisis de similitud entre comunidades a través del índice cualitativo de Jaccard fue de 0.53. Las diferencias encontradas en ambas zonas pueden estar asociadas a las diferencias en la vegetación.ABSTRACT. The objective of this study was to determine the structure and composition of two bat assemblages around the weather station Primates and La Flojera farm, in the department of Sucre, Colombia, from June 2011 to March 2012. The capture of bats was performed using mist nets, active from 18:00 to 24:00 h. We captured 427 bats belonging to 26 species, 17 genera, 6 subfamilies and 4 families. The family Phyllostomidae was the most diverse with 20 species. Of all caught individuals 97.9% belonged to the Phyllostomidae family. Artibeus planirostris was the most abundant with 139 individuals followed by, in decreasing order, Phyllostomus discolor with 56, Desmodus rotundus and Sturnira lilium with 37 individuals. According to the estimates of richness the sampling efficiency ranged between 80 and 90%. The most common trophic guild was the frugivorous guild (42.3%). The Shannon-Wiener diversity index was 2.40 in Primates and 2.0 in La Flojera farm. The species dominance was the highest (85%) in Primates Station. The similarity between the bat communities based on the index of Jaccard was 0.53. The differences found between the two bats communities can be related to differences in vegetation type at each locality.
Analysis of Minimum temperature spatially and temporally over Iraq During the period 1980-2015
Authors: Al-Timimi Yassen K. , Al-Khudhairy Aws A. 
Published: October 2017

Monthly Minimum surface air temperature at 23 stations in Iraq were analyzed for temporal trends and spatial variation during 1980-2015.seasonal and annual temperature was analyzed using Mann-Kendall test to detect the significant trend .The results of temporal analysis showed that during winter ,spring , summer and Autumn have a positive trend in all the parts of Iraq. A tendency has also been observed towards warmer years, with significantly warmer summer and spring periods and slightly warmer autumn and winter, the highest increase is (3.9) oC in Baghdad during the summer. The results of spatial analyze using the ArcGIS showed that the seasonal temperature can be divided into two or three distinct areas with high temperature in the south and decreasing towards north, where the trend of spatial temperature were decreasing from south to the north in all the four seasons.
Diabetes and CKD in the United States Population, 2009–2014
Authors: Zelnick Leila R. , Weiss Noel S. , Kestenbaum Bryan R. , Robinson-Cohen Cassianne , Heagerty Patrick J. , Tuttle Katherine , Hall Yoshio N. , Hirsch Irl B. , de Boer Ian H. 
Published: October 2017

Background and objectives
Diabetes is an important cause of CKD. However, among people with diabetes, it is unclear to what extent CKD is attributable to diabetes itself versus comorbid conditions, such as advanced age and hypertension. We examined associations of diabetes with clinical manifestations of CKD independent of age and BP and the extent to which diabetes contributes to the overall prevalence of CKD in the United States.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
We performed a cross-sectional study of 15,675 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from 2009 to 2014. Diabetes was defined by use of glucose-lowering medications or hemoglobin A1c ≥6.5%. eGFR was calculated using the CKD Epidemiology Collaboration formula, and albumin-to-creatinine ratio was measured in single-void urine samples. We calculated the prevalence of CKD manifestations by diabetes status as well as prevalence ratios, differences in prevalence, and prevalence attributable to diabetes using binomial and linear regression, incorporating data from repeat eGFR and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio measurements to estimate persistent disease.

Results
For participants with diabetes (n=2279) versus those without diabetes (n=13,396), the estimated prevalence of any CKD (eGFR<60 ml/min per 1.73 m2; albumin-to-creatinine ratio ≥30 mg/g, or both) was 25% versus 5.3%, respectively; albumin-to-creatinine ratio ≥30 mg/g was 16% versus 3.0%, respectively; albumin-to-creatinine ratio ≥300 mg/g was 4.6% versus 0.3%, respectively; eGFR<60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 was 12% versus 2.5%, respectively; and eGFR<30 ml/min per 1.73 m2 was 2.4% versus 0.4%, respectively (each P<0.001). Adjusting for demographics and several aspects of BP, prevalence differences were 14.6% (P<0.001), 10.8% (P<0.001), 4.5% (P<0.001), 6.5% (P<0.001), and 1.8% (P=0.004), respectively. Approximately 24% (95% confidence interval, 19% to 29%) of CKD among all United States adults was attributable to diabetes after adjusting for demographics.

Conclusions
Diabetes is strongly associated with both albuminuria and reduced GFR independent of demographics and hypertension, contributing substantially to the burden of CKD in the United States.
Stroke Administrative Severity Index: using administrative data for 30-day poststroke outcomes prediction
Authors: Simpson Annie N , Wilmskoetter Janina , Hong Ickpyo , Li Chih-Ying , Jauch Edward C , Bonilha Heather S , Anderson Kelly , Harvey Jillian , Simpson Kit N 
Published: October 2017

Aim:
Current stroke severity scales cannot be used for archival data. We develop and validate a measure of stroke severity at hospital discharge (Stroke Administrative Severity Index [SASI]) for use in billing data.
Methods:
We used the NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) as the theoretical framework and identified 285 relevant International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision diagnosis and procedure codes, grouping them into 23 indicator variables using cluster analysis. A 60% sample of stroke patients in Medicare data were used for modeling risk of 30-day postdischarge mortality or discharge to hospice, with validation performed on the remaining 40% and on data with NIHSS scores.
Results:
Model fit was good (p > 0.05) and concordance was strong (C-statistic = 0.76–0.83). The SASI predicted NIHSS at discharge (C = 0.83).
Conclusion:
The SASI model and score provide important tools to control for stroke severity at time of hospital discharge. It can be used as a risk-adjustment variable in administrative data analyses to measure postdischarge outcomes.
PENGARUH PROMOSI KESEHATAN MOBILISASI DINI TERHADAP PELAKSANAAN MOBILISASI DINI PADA IBU POSTPARTUM SC DI RSPB PEKANBARU
Authors: Ratmiwasi Cici , Utami Sri , Agritubella Syafrisar Meri 
Published: October 2017

<p><em>Early mobilization in the mother sectio caesarea is minimal movement of women done after aware of the influence of anasthesia is done in accordance with the needs and physical condition. There are several factors that influence a person’s attitude on of which is the level of knowlegde, level of knowledge of mothers about early mobilization can be obtained through health an effect of health promotion on early mobilization towards the implementation of early mobilization in mothers with after chilbirth with sectiocaesarea in the Petala Bumi General Hospital. This research method quasy experiment with the design of on group pretest-postest. The Number of respondens 30 people with Quota Sampling methode. To measure the implementation of early mobilization using observation sheet. The analysis using T Test Dependent. The Results showed that there are effect of health promotion on early mobilization towards the implementation of early mobilization in mothers after childbirth with sectio caesarea. </em></p>
THE TEACHING OF VOCABULARY: A PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Susanto Alpino 
Published: October 2017

<p>The learning of Vocabulary is important part in foreign language learning. The meanings of new words are very frequently emphasized, whether in books or in verbal communication. Vocabulary is considered as the central in language teaching and is of paramount importance to a language learner. Vocabulary is a basic of one learns a foreign language. Few research indicate that teaching vocabulary can be considered as problematic, as some teachers are not really sure about the best practice in the teaching and sometimes not really aware how to start forming an instructional emphasis on the vocabulary learning (Berne&amp; Blachowicz, 2008). Through this article, the writer summarizes the related research that focus on the importance of vocabulary and explaining many techniques used by some English teachers and lecturer when teaching English, as well as writer’s personal view of the issues.</p>