bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Motivation mechanism of gamification in crowdsourcing projects
Authors: Zeng Zhiyuan , Tang Jian , Wang Tianmei 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study the participation behaviors in the context of crowdsourcing projects from the perspective of gamification.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper first proposed a model to depict the effect of four categories of game elements on three types of motivation based upon several motivation theories, which may, in turn, influence user participation. Then, 5 × 2 between-subject Web experiments were designed for collecting data and validating this model.

Findings
Game elements which provide participants with rewards and recognitions or remind participants of the completion progress of their tasks may positively influence the extrinsic motivation, whereas game elements which can help create a fantasy scene may strengthen intrinsic motivation. Besides, recognition-kind and progress-kind game elements may trigger the internalization of extrinsic motivation. In addition, when a task is of high complexity, the effects from game elements on extrinsic motivation and intrinsic motivation will be less prominent, whereas the internalization of extrinsic motivation may benefit from the increase of task complexity.

Originality/value
This study may uncover the motivation mechanism of several different kinds of game elements, which may help to find which game elements are more effective in enhancing engagement and participation in crowdsourcing projects. Besides, as task complexity is used as a moderator, one may be able to identify whether task complexity is able to influence the effects from game elements on motivations. Last, but not the least, this study will indicate the interrelationship between game elements, individual motivation and user participation, which can be adapted by other scholars.
Combining cognition and emotion in virtual agents
Authors: Pérez Marco Joaquín , Serón Arbeloa Francisco José , Cerezo Bagdasari Eva 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
The paper aims to explain the limitations of existing cognitive architectures and affective models, and propose a new cognitive-affective architecture that can be integrated in real intelligent agents to make them more realistic and believable.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper evaluates the state of the art, and describes the design and implementation of the cognitive-affective architecture in an agent. A brief evaluation of the agent is provided.

Findings
The paper clearly states that it is possible to use cognitive architectures to help, but there is a lack of architectures that address the problem of combining cognition and emotion in agents in a unified, simplified way. A cognitive-affective architecture is useful to make believable intelligent agents in an easier way.

Research limitations/implications
The paper does not explore a lot of possible future work that can be done to extend the emotional expressions of the agent, as well as including direct emotional-sensing capabilities in real time.

Practical implications
The paper argues about the need to include cognitive-affective architectures in modern intelligent agents. The architecture allows to influence and modify the behavior of the agent in real time, to achieve a more realistic and believable interaction with the user.

Social implications
The paper remarks the importance of a cognitive-affective architecture that makes intelligent agents able to help the users in different tasks and environments.

Originality/value
The paper describes a new cognitive-affective architecture and its utility for modern intelligent agents. This is proven by including it in a previous agent, which boosts its behavior and emotional expression possibilities and thus improves user experience.
Exploring the role of occupational therapy in caring for cancer survivors in Australia: A cross sectional study
Authors: Buckland Nicole , Mackenzie Lynette 
Published: May 2017

Background/aimWith increasing rates of cancer survival in Australia, more people are living with long‐term side effects of cancer and its treatment, and cancer survivorship is now considered a distinct phase of cancer care. While occupational therapists play an integral role in multidisciplinary care for people with chronic conditions, there is little evidence documenting the occupational therapy role for people living with chronic cancer‐related conditions. This study aimed to explore the views of Australian occupational therapists about current practice and what constitutes best practice for cancer survivors.MethodsA cross‐sectional online survey was developed and distributed via emailed invitations to the Occupational Therapy Australia membership to collect responses from occupational therapists in a range of locations and practice settings around Australia.ResultsA total of 204 completed surveys were returned (response rate of 4%). More than 70% (n = 143) of respondents worked with people with cancer at least sometimes and most worked in acute (13.8%, n = 28) or community (11.2%, n = 23) settings. Participants rated equipment provision as the most common intervention (94%, n = 192), followed by energy conservation (91%, n = 185) and pressure care (78%, n = 160). Lack of funding for occupational therapy positions and a lack of recognition of the role of occupational therapy by health professionals and consumers were identified as key barriers to survivorship care.ConclusionResearch is needed to provide evidence supporting the role and practice of occupational therapy with cancer survivors. Collaborative work with multidisciplinary teams is needed to develop long‐term routine treatment pathways that include occupational therapy interventions.
Delegated Service Authority: Institutional Evolution of PEPFAR Health‐Based Program Implementing Units in Tanzania
Authors: Long Catherine 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe critical development literature examines donor interventions' institutions and institutional impact. Donor agencies examine specific intervention mechanisms to improve intervention effectiveness or conformity with given development trends. Both literatures insufficiently address the potential evolution of program implementing units (PIUs) deployed by donor agencies according to the units' respective technical capacities. This article assesses PIU evolution using specific units contracted under the United States Government's PEPFAR program in Tanzania. These units evolved in their respective operational space that exists in the interactions between three stakeholder categories: (1) the contracting agency of PEPFAR; (2) relevant Tanzanian national public institutions; and (3) local Tanzanian authorities responsible for HIV/AIDS or health service delivery. This article examines how stakeholders' delegation of authority to PIUs for technical management and/or implementation of HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment services drive the units' institutional evolution. This evolution is ongoing given iterative PIU‐stakeholder interaction expanding units' services along with delegated authority. In the Tanzanian case, evolved PIUs became essential to the national health system with few institutions able to re‐assume the units' services or delegated authority. They also fostered a new domestic technocracy with transnational network connections to the global public health epistemic community offering new policy platform voice and exit opportunities.
The PPARγ‐SETD8 axis constitutes an epigenetic, p53‐independent checkpoint on p21‐mediated cellular senescence
Authors: Shih Chieh‐Tien , Chang Yi‐Feng , Chen Yi‐Tung , Ma Chung‐Pei , Chen Hui‐Wen , Yang Chang‐Ching , Lu Juu‐Chin , Tsai Yau‐Sheng , Chen Hua‐Chien , Tan Bertrand Chin‐Ming 
Published: May 2017

SummaryCellular senescence is a permanent proliferative arrest triggered by genome instability or aberrant growth stresses, acting as a protective or even tumor‐suppressive mechanism. While several key aspects of gene regulation have been known to program this cessation of cell growth, the involvement of the epigenetic regulation has just emerged but remains largely unresolved. Using a systems approach that is based on targeted gene profiling, we uncovered known and novel chromatin modifiers with putative link to the senescent state of the cells. Among these, we identified SETD8 as a new target as well as a key regulator of the cellular senescence signaling. Knockdown of SETD8 triggered senescence induction in proliferative culture, irrespectively of the p53 status of the cells; ectopic expression of this epigenetic writer alleviated the extent doxorubicin‐induced cellular senescence. This repressive effect of SETD8 in senescence was mediated by directly maintaining the silencing mark H4K20me1 at the locus of the senescence switch gene p21. Further in support of this regulatory link, depletion of p21 reversed this SETD8‐mediated cellular senescence. Additionally, we found that PPARγ acts upstream and regulates SETD8 expression in proliferating cells. Downregulation of PPARγ coincided with the senescence induction, while its activation inhibited the progression of this process. Viewed together, our findings delineated a new epigenetic pathway through which the PPARγ‐SETD8 axis directly silences p21 expression and consequently impinges on its senescence‐inducing function. This implies that SETD8 may be part of a cell proliferation checkpoint mechanism and has important implications in antitumor therapeutics.
Influence of primary site on metastatic distribution and survival in stage IV colorectal cancer
Authors: Suthananthan Arul E. , Bhandari Mayank , Platell Cameron 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundTo assess pattern distribution and prognosis of the three anatomical entities of metastatic colorectal cancer, and influence of treatment of metastases on survival.MethodsPatients presenting with stage IV colorectal cancer (synchronous group), or who developed metastatic recurrence (metachronous group) after initial curative treatment between January 2005 and August 2015 were reviewed. Right sided (cecum to transverse colon), left sided (splenic flexure to sigmoid colon) and rectal cancers were identified. Distribution of metastases were noted as hepatic, lung or peritoneal.ResultsOf 374 patients, 276 were synchronous, 98 were metachronous. Metachronous group had a better 3‐year survival (54%, 95% CI: 42–64 versus 33%, 95% CI: 27–39, log rank P = 0.0038). There were equal numbers of right (n = 119), left (n = 115) and rectal cancers (n = 140). Rectal cancers had a higher metastatic recurrence, yet demonstrated better 3‐year survival (right colon 45%, 95% CI: 19–67, left colon 49%, 95% CI: 27–68, rectum 59%, 95% CI: 42–72, P = 0.39) due to higher proportions of metachronous patients undergoing treatment for metastases (40 versus 14%). Over half of all organ metastases spread to liver, with equal distribution from all three anatomical groups. Rectal cancers showed highest preponderance for lung metastases.ConclusionRectal cancers have a higher chance of recurring, with a higher metastatic rate to the lung, yet demonstrate better survival outcomes in metastatic colorectal cancer, reflecting the benefit of intervention for metastases.
Patterns of head and neck sarcoma in Australia
Authors: Woods Roger H. , Potter J. Alexa , Reid Jessica L. , Louise Jennie , Bessen Taryn , Farshid Gelareh , Neuhaus Susan J. 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundSarcomas affecting the head and neck often require complex management due to the combination of anatomic, aesthetic and oncological considerations. The incidence and patterns of presentation are poorly understood and have not been reviewed in the Australian population.MethodThis study sourced incidence and demographic data from the National Cancer Registry at the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare for the years 1982–2009 (corresponding to 97.3% of the Australian population). All cases of sarcoma, according to ICD‐O‐3 classification ((International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, 3rd edition), were assessed.ResultsA total of 3911 new cases of sarcoma affecting the head and neck were recorded during the period 1982–2009, including 1383, 2106 and 442 cases arising from skin, soft tissue and bone, respectively. The annual incidence rate of sarcomas affecting the head and neck was 1.59 per 100 000 population. The incidence of head and neck sarcoma rose substantially in older age groups (age 65 years and above) and was most common in male patients (69%). Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) was the most common pathology. There was an increase in incidence in skin‐origin sarcoma in the head and neck, particularly affecting elderly males.ConclusionThe incidence of head and neck sarcoma in Australia is higher than that reported for an equivalent European population. The increase in MFH arising from the skin in elderly male patients mirrors the patterns of common cutaneous malignancy, particularly melanoma, suggesting that ultraviolet radiation is an epidemiological factor. Management of head and neck sarcoma is complex and best managed in a specialist multidisciplinary environment.
Isopimaric acid – a multi‐targeting ion channel modulator reducing excitability and arrhythmicity in a spontaneously beating mouse atrial cell line
Authors: Salari S. , Silverå Ejneby M. , Brask J. , Elinder F. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimAtrial fibrillation is the most common persistent cardiac arrhythmia, and it is not well controlled by present drugs. Because some resin acids open voltage‐gated potassium channels and reduce neuronal excitability, we explored the effects of the resin acid isopimaric acid (IPA) on action potentials and ion currents in cardiomyocytes.MethodsSpontaneously beating mouse atrial HL‐1 cells were investigated with the whole‐cell patch‐clamp technique.Results1–25 μmol L−1 IPA reduced the action potential frequency by up to 50%. The effect of IPA on six different voltage‐gated ion channels was investigated; most voltage‐dependent parameters of ion channel gating were shifted in the negative direction along the voltage axis, consistent with a hypothesis that a lipophilic and negatively charged compound binds to the lipid membrane close to the positively charged voltage sensor of the ion channels. The major finding was that IPA inactivated sodium channels and L‐ and T‐type calcium channels and activated the rapidly activating potassium channel and the transient outward potassium channel. Computer simulations of IPA effects on all of the ion currents were consistent with a reduced excitability, and they also showed that effects on the Na channel played the largest role to reduce the action potential frequency. Finally, induced arrhythmia in the HL‐1 cells was reversed by IPA.ConclusionLow concentrations of IPA reduced the action potential frequency and restored regular firing by altering the voltage dependencies of several voltage‐gated ion channels. These findings can form the basis for a new pharmacological strategy to treat atrial fibrillation.
Microparticles of healthy origins improve endothelial progenitor cell dysfunction via microRNA transfer in an atherosclerotic hamster model
Authors: Alexandru N. , Andrei E. , Niculescu L. , Dragan E. , Ristoiu V. , Georgescu A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimIn this study, we aimed: (i) to obtain and functionally characterize the cultures of late endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) from the animal blood; (ii) to investigate the potential beneficial effects of circulating microparticles (MPs) of healthy origins on EPC dysfunctionality in atherosclerosis as well as involved mechanisms.MethodsLate EPCs were obtained and expanded in culture from peripheral blood isolated from two animal groups: hypertensive–hyperlipidaemic (HH) and control (C) hamsters. In parallel experiments, late EPC cultures from HH were incubated with MPs from C group.ResultsThe results showed that late EPCs display endothelial cell phenotype: (i) have ability to uptake 1,1‐dioctadecyl‐3,3,3,3 tetramethylindocarbocyanine‐labelled acetylated low‐density lipoprotein and Ulex europaeus agglutinin lectin‐1; (ii) express CD34, CD133, KDR, CD144, vWF, Tie‐2. Late EPCs from HH exhibited different morphological and functional characteristics compared to control: (i) are smaller and irregular in shape; (ii) present decreased endothelial surface marker expression; (iii) display reduced proliferation, migration and adhesion; (iv) lose ability to organize themselves into tubular structures and integrate into vascular network; (v) have diminished function of inward rectifier potassium channels. The incubation of late EPCs with MPs improved EPC functionality by miR‐10a, miR‐21, miR‐126, miR‐146a, miR‐223 transfer and IGF‐1 expression activation; the kinetic study of MP incorporation into EPCs demonstrated MP uptake by EPCs followed by the miRNA transfer.ConclusionThe data reveal that late EPCs from atherosclerotic model exhibit distinctive features and are dysfunctional, and their function recovery can be supported by MP ability to transfer miRNAs. These findings bring a new light on the vascular repair in atherosclerosis.
Predictors and the distal outcome of general Internet use: The identification of children's developmental trajectories
Authors: Yu Jeong Jin , Park Su Jung 
Published: May 2017

This study examined the predictors and distal outcome in relation to the frequency of online activities and investigated the presence of prototypical trajectories following different patterns of general Internet use over 5 years. The data set consisted of a nationally representative sample of 2,840 fourth graders (Mage = 9.86 years) in South Korea at baseline. Analyses revealed rank‐order stability in general Internet use with four latent classes: high stable (5.8%), high quadratic (20.3%), moderate stable (32.7%), and low stable (41.2%). Youth with higher levels of perceived parental monitoring knowledge, friendship closeness, and depressed mood at baseline were more likely to belong to the high stable class, while girls were more likely to be in the high quadratic or moderate stable classes relative to the low stable class. The high stable class had the greatest odds of reporting alcohol use at grade eight, whereas the low stable class had the lowest odds.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Internet usage increases as children progress through to early adolescence and then levels off

Longitudinal data have shown that adolescents’ greater Internet use is predictive of their higher levels of drinking

What does this study add?

To explore different developmental pathways of Internet use in relation to its antecedents and distal outcome

Early adolescents who spend more time on the Internet have a greater chance of starting to drink

The interindividual rank‐order stability of general Internet usage exists at least before late childhood
Altered glycan accessibility on native immunoglobulin G complexes in early rheumatoid arthritis and its changes during therapy
Authors: Stümer J , Biermann M H C , Knopf J , Magorivska I , Kastbom A , Svärd A , Janko C , Bilyy R , Schett G , Sjöwall C , Herrmann M , Muñoz L E 
Published: May 2017

Summary
The goal of this study was to investigate the glycosylation profile of native immunoglobulin (Ig)G present in serum immune complexes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). To accomplish this, lectin binding assays, detecting the accessibility of glycans present on IgG-containing immune complexes by biotinylated lectins, were employed. Lectins capturing fucosyl residues (AAL), fucosylated tri-mannose N-glycan core sites (LCA), terminal sialic acid residues (SNA) and O-glycosidically linked galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNac-L) were used. Patients with recent-onset RA at baseline and after 3-year follow-up were investigated. We found that native IgG was complexed significantly more often with IgM, C1q, C3c and C-reactive protein (CRP) in RA patients, suggesting alterations of the native structure of IgG. The total accessibility of fucose residues on captured immune complexes to the respective lectin was significantly higher in patients with RA. Moreover, fucose accessibility on IgG-containing immune complexes correlated positively with the levels of antibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptides (anti-CCP). We also observed a significantly higher accessibility to sialic acid residues and galactose/GalNAc glyco-epitopes in native complexed IgG of patients with RA at baseline. While sialic acid accessibility increased during treatment, the accessibility of galactose/GalNAc decreased. Hence, successful treatment of RA was associated with an increase in the SNA/GalNAc-L ratio. Interestingly, the SNA/GalNAc-L ratio in particular rises after glucocorticoid treatment. In summary, this study shows the exposure of glycans in native complexed IgG of patients with early RA, revealing particular glycosylation patterns and its changes following pharmaceutical treatment.
Influence of serum lipids on the incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy and macular oedema: Sankara Nethralaya Diabetic Retinopathy Epidemiology And Molecular genetics Study‐II
Authors: Srinivasan Sangeetha , Raman Rajiv , Kulothungan Vaitheeswaran , Swaminathan Gayathri , Sharma Tarun 
Published: May 2017

AbstractImportanceThe importance of lipids on incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy has not been studied in the Indian population.BackgroundTo elucidate the influence of serum lipid control on the incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular oedema in subjects with type 2 diabetes.DesignPopulation‐based longitudinal observational study in a hospital setting.ParticipantsEight hundred ninety subjects were examined at baseline and follow‐up.MethodsDiabetic retinopathy was graded per Modified Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study scales; 45°, 4‐field dilated stereoscopic digital photography was performed with an additional 30°, 7‐field for those who had retinopathy. Macular oedema was evaluated per Proposed International Clinical Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetic Macular Oedema Disease Severity Scales.Main Outcome MeasuresAssociation of serum lipids and incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy.ResultsPoor control of total cholesterol was associated with the incidence of sight‐threatening retinopathy (odds ratio = 7.2 [95% confidence interval: 1.5–34.3], P = 0.012) and macular oedema (odds ratio = 5.5 [95% confidence interval: 1.4–27.4], P = 0.037) after adjusting for potential confounders. Poor control of triglycerides was associated with progression to proliferative diabetic retinopathy (odds ratio = 3.2 [95% confidence interval: 1.1–10.5], P = 0.048). Risk for incident macular oedema (P = 0.041) and progression to proliferative diabetic retinopathy (P = 0.028) was greater when all lipid types were abnormal.Conclusions and RelevancePoor control of lipids is a risk factor for incidence of and progression to late stages of retinopathy. Abnormal levels of all lipid types are associated with risk of incident macular oedema and progression to proliferative diabetic retinopathy.