bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface Plots of Rates of Mortality Improvement
Authors: Rau Roland , Bohk-Ewald Christina , Muszyńska Magdalena M. , Vaupel James W. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSurface maps of unsmoothed and smoothed mortality data have been used widely before. In this chapter, we present surface plots of rates of mortality improvement (“ROMI”), which are the derivative of age-specific mortality with respect to time. They have been introduced rather recently. By showing a large set of surface maps for countries from the Human Mortality Database, we argue that those ROMI plots are better able to detect period and cohort effects than standard mortality surface maps.
Surface Plots of Rates of Mortality Improvement for Selected Causes of Death in the United States
Authors: Rau Roland , Bohk-Ewald Christina , Muszyńska Magdalena M. , Vaupel James W. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis chapter shows that ROMI plots, as presented in the previous chapter, can not only be employed for mortality from all-causes but also for cause-specific mortality. They allow us to demonstrate that the slow increase in life expectancy among women in the United States during the 1980s and 1990s can not be attributed to heart diseases or stroke. Instead, mortality from respiratory diseases and from lung cancer, the latter featuring a pronounced cohort effect, suppressed faster gains in life expectancy.
Seasonality of Causes of Death
Authors: Rau Roland , Bohk-Ewald Christina , Muszyńska Magdalena M. , Vaupel James W. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMany causes of death have a clear seasonal pattern. Circulatory and respiratory diseases, which comprise about half of all deaths, have a peak in winter and lowest mortality during summer. Data by cause of death, age, and calendar time (month and year) provided by the National Center for Health Statistics allow an analysis how seasonality has changed over age and time. Using a two-dimensional decomposition and smoothing approach, we show how the amplitude and the phase of selected causes of death have developed since the late 1950s.
Pattern of Lower Intestinal Ostomies in a Low‐Income Country: Case of Southeast of Niger Republic
Authors: Adamou Harissou , Habou Oumarou , Amadou Magagi Ibrahim , Adakal Ousseini , Magagi Amadou , Halidou Maazou , Sani Rachid 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundIntestinal ostomies are common surgical procedures performed in visceral surgery as part of management for several gastrointestinal diseases. This study aims to report the socio‐demographic characteristics, indications and prognosis of intestinal ostomies in low‐income country.MethodsThis was a 4‐year retrospective study (January 2013 to December 2016) at Zinder National Hospital (Niger). All patients with a digestive ostomy on an ileum or colic segment were included in the study.ResultsDuring the study period, 2437 patients underwent digestive surgery, including 328 gastrointestinal stomas (13.5%). Patients classified ASA3 were 60.7% (n = 199). The median age was 12 years (IQ: 7–25). Children represent 64% (n = 210) of patients with ostomy. The sex ratio was 2.60. The stoma was performed in emergency in 96.3% (n = 316) of cases. Acute peritonitis was the main indication of the stoma in 70.73% (n = 232). The ileostomies accounted for 75.61% (n = 248). Ostomy was intended as temporary in 97.3% of cases (n = 319). Complications were observed in 188 patients (57.3%). Mortality was 14.02% (n = 46). The indigent status (OR: 4.15 [2.20–7.83], P = 000), ASA score 4 (OR: 2.53 [1.54–4.15], P = 0.0003), Altemeier class IV (OR: 4.03 [2.10–7.73], P = 0.0000) and ileostomy (OR: 2.7853 [1.47–5.29], P = 0.0018) were statistically associated with the occurrence of major complications. The mean time for stoma closure was 59.3 ± 14.5 days.ConclusionAcute peritonitis was the main indication of digestive ostomy. The occurrence of major complications was associated with bad socioeconomic status, ASA4 score, Altemeier class IV and ileostomy.
The Application of a Performance‐Based Self‐Administered Intra‐procedural Checklist on Surgical Trainees During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: El Boghdady Michael , Alijani Afshin 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIntroductionSurgical checklists are in use to reduce errors for safer surgery. We aimed to study the effect of a previously designed performance‐based self‐administered intra‐procedural checklist on the performance of trainees during elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy.MethodsTwenty‐four laparoscopic cholecystectomies were enrolled into the study. Six surgical trainees each performed four procedures, two without the checklist and directly followed by two procedures with the checklist. A soft beeping sound reminded each trainee to apply the checklist every 4 min during the procedures. The unedited videos were analysed using the human reliability analysis technique for the number of consequential errors, number of interventions by the trainer, number of instrument movements and time execution. The trainees’ satisfaction was assessed on a 5‐point Likert scale questionnaire. Nonparametric test was used for data analysis. p value was defined as significant when p < 0.05.ResultsParticipants performed statistically better with the application of the checklist compared to when no checklist was used, respectively: Median [IQR] total number of errors 1.51 [0.80] versus 3.84 [1.42] (p = 0.002) and consequential errors 0.20 [0.12] versus 0.45 [0.42] (p = 0.005), and the number of instrument movements per time decreased from 11.90 [5.34] to 10.38 [5.16] (p = 0.04). With the introduction of the checklist, the number of interventions by the trainer per time decreased from 2.79 [1.85] to 0.43 [1.208] (p = 0.003). The trainees satisfaction score was 4.5 [1] for the first question, 4 [1] for the second question and 4 [2] for the third question.ConclusionThe self‐administered intra‐procedural checklist improved the performance of surgical trainees and decreased the number of interventions by the trainer during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The trainees were generally satisfied using the checklist during the procedures.
Laparoscopic Appendectomy: Minimally Invasive Surgery Training Improves Outcomes in Basic Laparoscopic Procedures
Authors: Gray Katherine D. , Burshtein Joshua G. , Obeid Lama , Moore Maureen D. , Dakin Gregory , Pomp Alfons , Afaneh Cheguevara 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundTo determine whether minimally invasive surgery (MIS) training improves outcomes in laparoscopic appendectomy, a procedure that is commonly performed in general surgery training.MethodsRetrospective review was conducted of all patients undergoing laparoscopic appendectomy for suspected acute appendicitis between 2014 and 2015 at a single‐center, tertiary‐care academic institution. Patients operated on by MIS‐trained surgeons (MIS group) were compared to those operated on by general surgeons (GS group). Single‐incision and multiport laparoscopic appendectomies were included; open approach, known malignancy, and interval appendectomies were excluded.ResultsA total of 507 patients were included in the study: 181 patients in the MIS group and 326 in the GS group. There were no differences in patient demographics or medical comorbidities between groups and most patients were ASA class 1 or 2. Patients operated on by MIS‐trained surgeons had significantly shorter operative time (43 min, IQR 32–60 vs. 58 min, IQR 44–81; p < 0.001) and fewer intra‐operative adverse events (0/181 vs. 8/326, 2.5%; p = 0.03). There was no difference in number of postoperative adverse events between groups (6/181, 3.3% vs. 21/326, 6.4%; p = 0.13). In the MIS group, subgroup analysis of single‐incision versus multiport appendectomy showed no differences in intra‐operative or postoperative adverse events. On multivariable linear regression, lack of MIS training and traditional multiport approach had the greatest effects on prolonging operative time (11.2 and 12.8 min, respectively; p = 0.001).ConclusionsMIS fellowship improves operative metrics and patient outcomes even in basic laparoscopy.
Stakeholder influences and risks in sustainable supply chain management: a comparison of qualitative and quantitative studies
Authors: Rebs Tobias , Brandenburg Marcus , Seuring Stefan , Stohler Margarita 
Published: November 2017

AbstractStakeholder influences on sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) are of increasing interest for researchers to take into account economic, environmental, and social risks. While extant literature on stakeholder influences or risks in SSCM concentrates on selected issues, a comprehensive review of both stakeholder and risk constructs is missing. Hence, this paper examines stakeholder influences and risks in SSCM, as addressed by conceptual frameworks, empirical studies, and formal models to shed light on the trends and gaps in qualitative and quantitative SSCM research. Based on a content analysis of systematically selected journal publications, the commonalities and differences between the research designs are identified. The findings suggest that the integration of economic risks prevails over the consideration of environmental and social risks. Qualitative studies frequently focus on customers or multiple stakeholders that trigger SSCM and relate to supply, demand, and particularly reputational risks. In contrast, quantitative models rather concentrate on formalizing governmental triggers and operational risks. Thus, mutual stimuli between conceptual, empirical, and model-based SSCM research and their implications for future research directions are derived.
Experimental and Numerical Studies on Ballistic Laminates on the Polyethylene and Polypropylene Matrix
Authors: Mayer P. , Pyka D. , Jamroziak K. , Pach J. , Bocian M. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTThe paper analyzes the issues relating to the applicability of innovative material systems for flexible composite armors. The authors made several samplings of aramid fibers (Kevlar 49) by replacing the epoxy resin base, which is often described in the literature, with the thermoplastic matrix - polyethylene (HDPE) and polypropylene (PP). The samples were fired with .38 Special Full Metal Jacketed (FMJ) ammunition produced by the S&amp;B Company, and then the process of firing was modeled in the ABAQUS program. The advantages and disadvantages of the new material system including the possibility of its use in the construction of hybrid composite armors have been presented on the basis of the results of numerical analyses and ballistic tests.
A New Exact-Analytical Solution for Convective Heat Transfer of Nanofluids Flow in Isothermal Pipes
Authors: Akbarzadeh P. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTThis study presents a new exact-analytical solution for convective heat transfer of thermally fully-developed laminar nanofluid flows in a circular tube for the first time. In this problem, the pipe wall is exposed to a constant temperature. The solution is based on the Whittaker function and perturbation technique. In the nanofluid model, it is assumed that nanoparticles and base-fluid behave as a single-phase with average properties. In this study, the effects of Reynolds number, volume fraction of the particles, Peclet number, and particle diameter are investigated on the average heat transfer coefficient, surface mass transfer, and Nusselt number.
Key patterns and predictors of response to treatment for military veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder: a growth mixture modelling approach
Authors: Phelps A. J. , Steel Z. , Metcalf O. , Alkemade N. , Kerr K. , O'Donnell M. , Nursey J. , Cooper J. , Howard A. , Armstrong R. , Forbes D. 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundTo determine the patterns and predictors of treatment response trajectories for veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).MethodsConditional latent growth mixture modelling was used to identify classes and predictors of class membership. In total, 2686 veterans treated for PTSD between 2002 and 2015 across 14 hospitals in Australia completed the PTSD Checklist at intake, discharge, and 3 and 9 months follow-up. Predictor variables included co-morbid mental health problems, relationship functioning, employment and compensation status.ResultsFive distinct classes were found: those with the most severe PTSD at intake separated into a relatively large class (32.5%) with small change, and a small class (3%) with a large change. Those with slightly less severe PTSD separated into one class comprising 49.9% of the total sample with large change effects, and a second class comprising 7.9% with extremely large treatment effects. The final class (6.7%) with least severe PTSD at intake also showed a large treatment effect. Of the multiple predictor variables, depression and guilt were the only two found to predict differences in response trajectories.ConclusionsThese findings highlight the importance of assessing guilt and depression prior to treatment for PTSD, and for severe cases with co-morbid guilt and depression, considering an approach to trauma-focused therapy that specifically targets guilt and depression-related cognitions.
Cytoplasmic cleavage of DPPA3 is required for intracellular trafficking and cleavage-stage development in mice
Authors: Shin Seung-Wook , Vogt Edgar John , Jimenez-Movilla Maria , Baibakov Boris , Dean Jurrien 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDegradation of maternal proteins by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) accompanies the maternal-to-zygotic transition. DPPA3/Stella/PGC7, encoded by a maternal effect gene, is present in the nucleus and cytoplasm of zygotes and has been associated with protecting the female pronucleus from TET3-mediated demethylation. We now report that cytoplasmic DPPA3 is partially cleaved by the ubiquitin-proteasome system and an N-terminus fragment remains in the cytoplasm where it associates with early and re-cycling endosomes. If DPPA3 is absent or if cleavage is prevented, multiple vesicles coalesce/aggregate and markers of lysosomes are decreased. Fertilized eggs develop poorly into blastocysts, which results in significantly decreased fecundity of Dppa3
R60A
transgenic mice. This phenocopies aspects of Lamp1/2 knockdowns and Dppa3
KO
embryos can be partially rescued in vitro by DPPA31–60 and to a lesser extent by LAMP1/2. Thus, the N-terminus of DPPA3 has a significant role in cytoplasmic vesicular trafficking in addition to its previously reported nuclear function.
TrkB dependent adult hippocampal progenitor differentiation mediates sustained ketamine antidepressant response
Authors: Ma Zhenzhong , Zang Tong , Birnbaum Shari G. , Wang Zilai , Johnson Jane E. , Zhang Chun-Li , Parada Luis F. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAdult neurogenesis persists in the rodent dentate gyrus and is stimulated by chronic treatment with conventional antidepressants through BDNF/TrkB signaling. Ketamine in low doses produces both rapid and sustained antidepressant effects in patients. Previous studies have shed light on post-transcriptional synaptic NMDAR mediated mechanisms underlying the acute effect, but how ketamine acts at the cellular level to sustain this anti-depressive function for prolonged periods remains unclear. Here we report that ketamine accelerates differentiation of doublecortin-positive adult hippocampal neural progenitors into functionally mature neurons. This process requires TrkB-dependent ERK pathway activation. Genetic ablation of TrkB in neural stem/progenitor cells, or pharmacologic disruption of ERK signaling, or inhibition of adult neurogenesis, each blocks the ketamine-induced behavioral responses. Conversely, enhanced ERK activity via Nf1 gene deletion extends the response and rescues both neurogenic and behavioral deficits in mice lacking TrkB. Thus, TrkB-dependent neuronal differentiation is involved in the sustained antidepressant effects of ketamine.
High-velocity projectile impact induced 9R phase in ultrafine-grained aluminium
Authors: Xue Sichuang , Fan Zhe , Lawal Olawale B. , Thevamaran Ramathasan , Li Qiang , Liu Yue , Yu K. Y. , Wang Jian , Thomas Edwin L. , Wang Haiyan , Zhang Xinghang 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAluminium typically deforms via full dislocations due to its high stacking fault energy. Twinning in aluminium, although difficult, may occur at low temperature and high strain rate. However, the 9R phase rarely occurs in aluminium simply because of its giant stacking fault energy. Here, by using a laser-induced projectile impact testing technique, we discover a deformation-induced 9R phase with tens of nm in width in ultrafine-grained aluminium with an average grain size of 140 nm, as confirmed by extensive post-impact microscopy analyses. The stability of the 9R phase is related to the existence of sessile Frank loops. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal the formation mechanisms of the 9R phase in aluminium. This study sheds lights on a deformation mechanism in metals with high stacking fault energies.
Nanoscale tomography reveals the deactivation of automotive copper-exchanged zeolite catalysts
Authors: Schmidt Joel E. , Oord Ramon , Guo Wei , Poplawsky Jonathan D. , Weckhuysen Bert M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractCopper-exchanged zeolite chabazite (Cu-SSZ-13) was recently commercialized for the selective catalytic reduction of NO
X
with ammonia in vehicle emissions as it exhibits superior reaction performance and stability compared to all other catalysts, notably Cu-ZSM-5. Herein, the 3D distributions of Cu as well as framework elements (Al, O, Si) in both fresh and aged Cu-SSZ-13 and Cu-ZSM-5 are determined with nanometer resolution using atom probe tomography (APT), and correlated with catalytic activity and other characterizations. Both fresh catalysts contain a heterogeneous Cu distribution, which is only identified due to the single atom sensitivity of APT. After the industry standard 135,000 mile simulation, Cu-SSZ-13 shows Cu and Al clustering, whereas Cu-ZSM-5 is characterized by severe Cu and Al aggregation into a copper aluminate phase (CuAl2O4 spinel). The application of APT as a sensitive and local characterization method provides identification of nanometer scale heterogeneities that lead to catalytic activity and material deactivation.
Wild bonobos host geographically restricted malaria parasites including a putative new Laverania species
Authors: Liu Weimin , Sherrill-Mix Scott , Learn Gerald H. , Scully Erik J. , Li Yingying , Avitto Alexa N. , Loy Dorothy E. , Lauder Abigail P. , Sundararaman Sesh A. , Plenderleith Lindsey J. , Ndjango Jean-Bosco N. , Georgiev Alexander V. , Ahuka-Mundeke Steve , Peeters Martine , Bertolani Paco , Dupain Jef , Garai Cintia , Hart John A. , Hart Terese B. , Shaw George M. , Sharp Paul M. , Hahn Beatrice H. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMalaria parasites, though widespread among wild chimpanzees and gorillas, have not been detected in bonobos. Here, we show that wild-living bonobos are endemically Plasmodium infected in the eastern-most part of their range. Testing 1556 faecal samples from 11 field sites, we identify high prevalence Laverania infections in the Tshuapa-Lomami-Lualaba (TL2) area, but not at other locations across the Congo. TL2 bonobos harbour P. gaboni, formerly only found in chimpanzees, as well as a potential new species, Plasmodium lomamiensis sp. nov. Rare co-infections with non-Laverania parasites were also observed. Phylogenetic relationships among Laverania species are consistent with co-divergence with their gorilla, chimpanzee and bonobo hosts, suggesting a timescale for their evolution. The absence of Plasmodium from most field sites could not be explained by parasite seasonality, nor by bonobo population structure, diet or gut microbiota. Thus, the geographic restriction of bonobo Plasmodium reflects still unidentified factors that likely influence parasite transmission.
Single-molecule visualization of conformational changes and substrate transport in the vitamin B12 ABC importer BtuCD-F
Authors: Goudsmits Joris M. H. , Slotboom Dirk Jan , van Oijen Antoine M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters form the largest class of active membrane transport proteins. Binding and hydrolysis of ATP by their highly conserved nucleotide-binding domains drive conformational changes of the complex that mediate transport of substrate across the membrane. The vitamin B12 importer BtuCD-F in Escherichia coli is an extensively studied model system. The periplasmic soluble binding protein BtuF binds the ligand; the transmembrane and ATPase domains BtuCD mediate translocation. Here we report the direct observation at the single-molecule level of ATP, vitamin B12 and BtuF-induced events in the transporter complex embedded in liposomes. Single-molecule fluorescence imaging techniques reveal that membrane-embedded BtuCD forms a stable complex with BtuF, regardless of the presence of ATP and vitamin B12. We observe that a vitamin B12 molecule remains bound to the complex for tens of seconds, during which several ATP hydrolysis cycles can take place, before it is being transported across the membrane.
Numerical Simulation of Hemodynamic Changes in Central Veins after Tunneled Cuffed Central Venous Catheter Placement in Patients under Hemodialysis
Authors: Peng Liqing , Qiu Yue , Huang Zhongyi , Xia Chunchao , Dai Chenzhong , Zheng Tinghui , Li Zhenlin 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe tunneled central venous catheter (CVC) plays an important role for hemodialysis patients, but CVC-related thrombosis in the central veins remain problematic. This study is the first try to numerically find out what hemodynamic parameters are predisposed to the initiation and formation of thrombus after CVC insertion. And the potential relationship between hemodynamic parameters and the incidence rates of thrombosis occurrence was explored. The results revealed that the CVC insertion led to a significant increase of hydraulic resistance, wide-ranging abnormally high wall shear stress (WSS), and a great loss of flow rotation in the vein. Moreover, the clinical data showed that thrombosis mainly occurred at sections where most blood flow lost spiral rotation after the CVC insertion, but no corresponding match was observed between the occurrence of thrombosis and the flow velocity or WSS. We speculate that the destruction of the flow rotation in the central vein is a precursor to the thrombus formation around CVC, and an introduction of spiral flow with the CVC insertion may possibly help to protect the central vein from thrombosis. Further animal and clinical experiments should be carried out to test and verify this speculation.
The WD40-domain containing protein CORO2B is specifically enriched in glomerular podocytes and regulates the ventral actin cytoskeleton
Authors: Rogg M. , Yasuda-Yamahara M. , Abed A. , Dinse P. , Helmstädter M. , Conzelmann A. C. , Frimmel J. , Sellung D. , Biniossek M. L. , Kretz O. , Grahammer F. , Schilling O. , Huber T. B. , Schell C. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPodocytes are highly specialized epithelial cells essentially required to establish and maintain the kidney filtration barrier. Due to their complex cellular architecture these cells rely on an elaborated cytoskeletal apparatus providing plasticity as well as adaptive adhesion properties to withstand significant physical filtration forces. However, our knowledge about podocyte specific components of the cytoskeletal machinery is still incomplete. Employing cross-analysis of various quantitative omics-data sets we identify the WD40-domain containing protein CORO2B as a podocyte enriched protein. Furthermore, we demonstrate the distinct localization pattern of CORO2B to the ventral actin cytoskeleton serving as a physical linkage module to cell-matrix adhesion sites. Analysis of a novel Coro2b knockout mouse revealed that CORO2B modulates stress response of podocytes in an experimental nephropathy model. Using quantitative focal adhesome proteomics we identify the recruitment of CFL1 via CORO2B to focal adhesions as an underlying mechanism. Thus, we describe CORO2B as a novel podocyte enriched protein influencing cytoskeletal plasticity and stress adaptation.