bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Danger signals: Chemotherapy enhancers?
Authors: Rivera Vargas Thaiz , Apetoh Lionel 
Published: October 2017

SummaryEndogenous danger signals are molecules normally present in a given cell compartment that are rapidly released following cell stress and induce immune responses. We and others have shown that dying tumor cells treated with some chemotherapies are able to induce anticancer immune responses, which rely on their release of danger signals such as the nuclear protein HMGB1. DNA can also be released from chemotherapy‐treated tumor cells, act as a danger signal, and boost anticancer immunity. While the immunostimulatory properties of DNA have been identified for decades, the recent discovery of a novel family of receptors, cytosolic DNA sensors, has provided a novel impetus not only to understand how chemotherapy can trigger anticancer immune responses but also to exploit DNA‐derived molecules for therapeutic use. We will here discuss the molecular characteristics of endogenous danger signals released from chemotherapy‐treated tumor cells and focus on the clinical relevance of using these danger signals in chemoimmunotherapeutic strategies against cancer.
Death begets a new beginning
Authors: Bosurgi Lidia , Hughes Lindsey D. , Rothlin Carla V. , Ghosh Sourav 
Published: October 2017

SummaryCell death is a perpetual feature of tissue microenvironments; each day under homeostatic conditions, billions of cells die and must be swiftly cleared by phagocytes. However, cell death is not limited to this natural turnover—apoptotic cell death can be induced by infection, inflammation, or severe tissue injury. Phagocytosis of apoptotic cells is thus coupled to specific functions, from the induction of growth factors that can stimulate the replacement of dead cells to the promotion of tissue repair or tissue remodeling in the affected site. In this review, we outline the mechanisms by which phagocytes sense apoptotic cell death and discuss how phagocytosis is integrated with environmental cues to drive appropriate responses.
Efferocytosis of dying cells differentially modulate immunological outcomes in tumor microenvironment
Authors: Kumar Sushil , Calianese David , Birge Raymond B. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryProgrammed cell death (apoptosis) is an integral part of tissue homeostasis in complex organisms, allowing for tissue turnover, repair, and renewal while simultaneously inhibiting the release of self antigens and danger signals from apoptotic cell‐derived constituents that can result in immune activation, inflammation, and autoimmunity. Unlike cells in culture, the physiological fate of cells that die by apoptosis in vivo is their rapid recognition and engulfment by phagocytic cells (a process called efferocytosis). To this end, apoptotic cells express specific eat‐me signals, such as externalized phosphatidylserine (PS), that are recognized in a specific context by receptors to initiate signaling pathways for engulfment. The importance of carefully regulated recognition and clearance pathways is evident in the spectrum of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders caused by defects in PS receptors and signaling molecules. However, in recent years, several additional cell death pathways have emerged, including immunogenic cell death, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and netosis that interweave different cell death pathways with distinct innate and adaptive responses from classical apoptosis that can shape long‐term host immunity. In this review, we discuss the role of different cell death pathways in terms of their immune potential outcomes specifically resulting in specific cell corpse/phagocyte interactions (phagocytic synapses) that impinge on host immunity, with a main emphasis on tolerance and cancer immunotherapy.
Does High Stock Return Synchronicity Indicate High or Low Price Informativeness? Evidence from a Regulatory Experiment
Authors: Kan Shuo , Gong Stephen 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe investigate the link between stock return synchronicity and price informativeness by exploiting the Regulation SHO pilot program, which removed short‐selling price tests for randomly selected stocks (“pilot stocks”) in May 2005. A difference‐in‐differences analysis reveals that relative to non‐pilot stocks, pilot stocks saw a significantly larger increase in both price informativeness and return synchronicity when the pilot program started, but such difference disappeared when Regulation SHO removed the short‐selling price tests for all stocks in July 2007. The results suggest that high return synchronicity reflects high, rather than low price informativeness.
Drawing on Curiosity: Between Two Worlds
Authors: Wigglesworth Ron 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis narrative of my research on drawing shares my experience of relearning drawing by hand and how the act of drawing can stimulate curiosity. This article examines its potential to enhance learning/observation in science. It describes a kinaesthetic drawing methodology and addresses pedagogical solutions for overcoming a student's declaration that ‘I can't draw’. This art creation experience was an interdisciplinary study in the faculties of art, science and education. My claim is that a hands‐on, interactive approach to learning is at play where strategies of creating images are not predetermined. What emerges is both a subjective and objective phenomenon. As knowledge production arises after the fact of drawing, an emergent process allows for reflexive methodology and intuition to come into play. As Derrida describes in Memoirs of the Blind, drawing emerges from the temporal space between the seeing and the unfolding of the drawing. This art‐based research flows in the direction of reflective practice‐based research through drawing, to address these questions by calling on the tactile and kinaesthetic dimensions of sense that drawing can engender.
Serum adenosine deaminase and xanthine oxidase activities in silver catfish naturally infected with Ichthyophthirius multifiliis: The influence of these enzymes on inflammatory and oxidative status
Authors: Baldissera M D , Souza C F , Doleski P H , Monteiro S G , da Silva A S , Baldisserotto B 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAdenosine deaminase (ADA) activity, through adenosine (Ado) levels, as well as xanthine oxidase (XO) activity through uric acid levels exerts an essential role on immune and inflammatory responses during infectious diseases. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the involvement of seric ADA and XO activities in the inflammatory and oxidative status of silver catfish naturally infected with Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. Seric ADA activity decreased, while Ado levels increased in infected animals compared to uninfected animals. Moreover, the seric XO activity increased in infected animals compared to uninfected animals, alongside the seric levels of uric acid, metabolites of nitric oxide (NOx) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Based on this evidence, the downregulation of seric ADA activity exerts an anti‐inflammatory profile, contributing to restricting the inflammatory process. The most important finding is that upregulation of seric XO activity leads to an excessive formation of uric acid, which contributes to oxidative and inflammatory processes. Moreover, uric acid induces the release of pro‐inflammatory and pro‐oxidative mediators, such NOx and ROS, which contribute directly to disease pathogenesis. In summary, the upregulation of XO activity may be considered a pathway involved in NOx and ROS production in silver catfish infected with I. multifiliis.
Classification of self‐injurious behaviour across the continuum of relative environmental–biological influence
Authors: Hagopian L. P. , Frank‐Crawford M. A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSelf‐injurious behaviour (SIB) is generally considered to be the product of interactions between dysfunction stemming from the primary developmental disability and experiences that occasion and reinforce SIB. As a result of these complex interactions, SIB presents as a heterogeneous problem. Recent research delineating subtypes of SIB that are nonsocially mediated, including one that is amenable to change and one that is highly invariant, enables classification of SIB across a broader continuum of relative environmental–biological influence. Directly examining how the functional classes of SIB differ has the potential to structure research, will improve our understanding this problem, and lead to more targeted behavioural and pharmacological interventions. Recognising that SIB is not a single entity but is composed of distinct functional classes would better align research with conceptual models that view SIB as the product of interactions between environmental and biological variables.
Shape analysis of spatial relationships between orbito‐ocular and endocranial structures in modern humans and fossil hominids
Authors: Pereira‐Pedro Ana Sofia , Masters Michael , Bruner Emiliano 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe orbits and eyes of modern humans are situated directly below the frontal lobes and anterior to the temporal lobes. Contiguity between these orbital and cerebral elements could generate spatial constraints, and potentially lead to deformation of the eye and reduced visual acuity during development. In this shape analysis we evaluate whether and to what extent covariation exists between ocular morphology and the size and spatial position of the frontal and temporal areas in adult modern humans. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to investigate patterns of variation among the brain and eyes, while computed tomography (CT) was used to compare cranial morphology in this anatomical region among modern humans, extinct hominids and chimpanzees. Seventeen landmarks and semi‐landmarks that capture the outline of the eye, frontal lobe, anterior fossa/orbital roof and the position of the temporal tips were sampled using lateral scout views in two dimensions, after projection of the average grayscale values of each hemisphere, with midsagittal and parasagittal elements overlapped onto the same plane. MRI results demonstrated that eye position in adult humans varies most with regard to its horizontal distance from the temporal lobes and, secondly, in its vertical distance from the frontal lobes. Size was mainly found to covary with the distance between the eye and temporal lobes. Proximity to these cerebral lobes may generate spatial constraints, as some ocular deformation was observed. Considering the CT analysis, modern humans vary most with regard to the orientation of the orbits, while interspecific variation is mainly associated with separation between the orbits and endocranial elements. These findings suggest that size and position of the frontal and temporal lobes can affect eye and orbit morphology, though potential effects on eye shape require further study. In particular, possible effects of these spatial and allometric relationships on the eye and vision should be examined using ontogenetic samples, vision parameters such as refractive error in diopters, and three‐dimensional approaches that include measures of extraocular soft tissues within the orbit.
Pregnancy in immunoglobulin M nephropathy
Authors: Hocaoğlu Meryem , Ecder Sabahat Alışır , Turgut Abdulkadir , Karateke Ateş 
Published: October 2017

AbstractImmunoglobulin M nephropathy is an uncommon glomerular disease and a relatively less recognized clinico‐immunopathological entity in the domain of glomerulonephritis, often thought to be a bridge between minimal change disease and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. It is characterized by asymptomatic hematuria, episodes of macroscopic hematuria and proteinuria. Corticosteroids remain the mainstay of therapeutic strategies for such patients. We present what we believe to be the first known case of successful pregnancy in a 40‐year‐old woman with a 12‐year history of underlying immunoglobulin M nephropathy. In view of the rarity of this disease we hope this report will assist professionals managing such cases.
Percutaneous repair of severe mitral valve regurgitation secondary to chordae rupture in octogenarians using MitraClip
Authors: Geis Nicolas , Raake Philip , Mereles Derliz , Chorianopoulos Emmanuel , Szabo Gabor , Katus Hugo A. , Bekeredjian Raffi , Pleger Sven T. 
Published: October 2017

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess feasibility and clinical effectiveness of the MitraClip device in octogenarians suffering from severe mitral valve regurgitation due to chordae rupture.BackgroundThe MitraClip procedure is a suitable technique in high‐risk surgical patients to achieve safe and effective percutaneous repair of mitral valve regurgitation. Octogenarians show cumulative risk and social aspects hindering mitral valve surgery. No data exists regarding the use of the MitraClip device in high‐risk octogenarians suffering from mitral valve chordae rupture.MethodsBetween October 2009 and March 2017 98 high‐risk octogenarians (society of thoracic surgeons score [STS]: 9.7% ± 0.8) with mitral valve prolapse and consecutively chordae rupture were treated with the MitraClip after interdisciplinary discussion.ResultsSuccessful mitral valve repair was achieved in 91% of the octogenarians. Repair of the mitral valve caused immediate and significant reduction of dyspnoea (NYHA class: 3.5 ± 0.4 vs 2.0 ± 0.3; P < 0.001), cardiac reverse remodeling (LVESD: 39 ± 0.8 vs 35 ± 0.8; P < 0.01) and amelioration of cardiac biomarkers (NTproBNP (4884 ± 52  ng/L vs 2473 ± 210 ng/L; P < 0.05,). Effects were stable over the 12 months observation period. None of our patients died intraprocedurally.ConclusionsPercutaneous repair of chordae rupture is feasible and safe in high‐risk octogenarians. The MitraClip should be considered to repair severe mitral valve regurgitation due to mitral valve chordae rupture in high‐risk octogenarians after interdisciplinary discussion even facing a challenging anatomy.
Low‐grade gastrointestinal lymphoma in dogs: 20 cases (2010 to 2016)
Authors: Lane J. , Price J. , Moore A. , Dandrieux J. R. S. , Clifford C. , Curran K. , Choy K. , Cannon C. 
Published: October 2017

ObjectivesTo report the clinical presentation, treatment and prognosis of dogs with low‐grade gastrointestinal lymphoma.Materials and MethodsCases were solicited from the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine Oncology Diplomate listserv. Medical records of dogs with low‐grade gastrointestinal lymphoma diagnosed via a combination of histology and immunohistochemistry with or without analysis of polymerase chain reaction for antigen receptor rearrangement were included. Signalment, clinical signs, diagnostic test results, chemotherapy protocol, response to treatment, date of first progression, rescue therapies and date and cause of death or last follow‐up visit were collected.ResultsTwenty cases were included. Males and small breed dogs were over‐represented. Frequent clinical signs included weight loss, vomiting and diarrhoea. Most lymphomas were T‐cell phenotype (95%), and epitheliotropism was commonly described (60%). Immunohistochemistry, polymerase chain reaction for antigen receptor rearrangement or both were frequently required for definitive diagnosis. Two dogs had resection of an intestinal mass, and all dogs were treated with chemotherapy; chlorambucil and prednisone were most commonly prescribed. Overall response rate was 70%, and median survival time was 424 days (95% confidence interval: 105 to 1206 days).Clinical SignificanceLow‐grade gastrointestinal lymphoma appears to be a rare condition in dogs, and treatment with chemotherapy results in a high response rate and favourable survival times. Further study is needed to determine its prevalence in dogs with chronic enteropathies.
Eighteen‐month lamivudine prophylaxis on preventing occult hepatitis B virus infection reactivation in patients with haematological malignancies receiving immunosuppression therapy
Authors: Marrone A. , Capoluongo N. , D'Amore C. , Pisaturo M. , Esposito M. , Guastafierro S. , Siniscalchi I. , Macera M. , Boemio A. , Onorato L. , Rinaldi L. , Minichini C. , Adinolfi L. E. , Sagnelli E. , Mastrullo L. , Coppola N. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryThis study evaluated the long‐term efficacy and safety of an 18‐month lamivudine prophylaxis in 68 HBsAg‐negative/anti–HBc‐positive patients with oncohaematological disease.All 68 consecutive HBsAg‐negative/anti–HBc‐positive patients with an oncohaematological disease and naïve for chemotherapy observed from April 2008 to December 2012 at 2 Hematology Units in Naples were treated with lamivudine for 18 months after stopping chemotherapy and monitored for HBsAg at months 1 and 3 during chemotherapy and then every 3 months after its discontinuation. During follow‐up, 13 (19.1%) of the 68 patients died of complications related to their oncohaematological disease, and 3 (4%) showed a virological HBV reactivation (retroconversion to HBsAg positivity) 1‐7 months after the discontinuation of lamivudine prophylaxis (2 treated for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and one for Waldenstrom's disease); of these, 2 showed a biochemical reactivation. Comparing the demographic and clinical characteristics of the 3 patients with a virological HBV reactivation to the 65 without, the former were older (median age and range: 67 years [75‐78] vs. 61 [24‐88]; P = .05) and were less frequently treated for B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (B‐NHL) (0 vs. 70.7%, P = .03). In conclusion, a 18 months of lamivudine prophylaxis was effective in preventing HBV reactivation in HBsAg‐negative/anti–HBc‐positive patients treated for B‐NHL. However, in patients with chronic and severe immunodepression, such as those with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and Waldenstrom's disease, prophylaxis should be continued for an indefinite period.
Decreased sorbitol synthesis leads to abnormal stamen development and reduced pollen tube growth via an MYB transcription factor, MdMYB39L, in apple (Malus domestica)
Authors: Meng Dong , He Mingyang , Bai Yang , Xu Hongxia , Dandekar Abhaya M. , Fei Zhangjun , Cheng Lailiang 
Published: October 2017

Summary

Sugars produced by photosynthesis not only fuel plant growth and development, but may also act as signals to regulate plant growth and development. This work focuses on the role of sorbitol, a sugar alcohol, in flower development and pollen tube growth of apple (Malus domestica).

Transgenic ‘Greensleeves’ apple trees with decreased sorbitol synthesis had abnormal stamen development, a decreased pollen germination rate and reduced pollen tube growth, which were all closely related to lower sorbitol concentrations in stamens. RNA sequencing and quantitative RT‐PCR analyses identified reduced transcript levels during stamen development and pollen tube growth in the transgenic trees of a stamen‐specific MYB39‐like transcription factor, MdMYB39L, and of its putative target genes involved in hexose uptake, cell wall formation and microsporogenesis.

Suppressing MdMYB39L expression in pollen via antisense oligonucleotide transfection significantly reduced the expression of its putative target genes and pollen tube growth. Exogenous sorbitol application during flower development partially restored MdMYB39L expression, stamen development, and pollen germination and tube growth of the transgenic trees. Addition of sorbitol to the germination medium also partially restored pollen germination and tube growth of the transgenic trees.

We conclude that sorbitol plays an essential role in stamen development and pollen tube growth via MdMYB39L in apple.
Association mapping for seed cotton yield, yield components and fibre quality traits in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) genotypes
Authors: Handi Suresh S. , Katageri Ishwarappa S. , Adiger Sateesh , Jadhav Mangesh P. , Lekkala Sivarama P. , Reddy Lachagari Vijay B. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAssociation mapping has revolutionized human genetics and is increasingly used in plant genetics. It is an efficient way of determining the genetic basis of complex traits. In cotton so far numerous association mapping studies are available as compared to many other important crops. In our study, mapping was performed using cotton 63K infinium beadchip with 201 germplasm lines. Through fast STRUCTURE analysis, lines were grouped into 12 subgroups and revealed genome sharing among the groups. The critical value (R2) was set to 0.243 as threshold to claim LD between two loci. About 3.13% marker pairs recorded significantly high LD (R2 = 1), and 8.19% of marker pairs were in the range of 0.3 to 0.99 R2. In MLM, 349 significant marker–trait associations were detected as against 642 in GLM because of effectiveness in eliminating false associations in MLM. A total of 68 markers explained >10% phenotypic variation for yield and fibre quality traits. Phenotypic variation explained by markers was smaller, suggesting that they might be associated with minor QTLs.
Giovanni Battista Montini (Paul VI) and the modern world, 1925–33. Part I
Authors: Jorge Dagnino 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe following article analyses the relationship between Giovanni Battista Montini (Paul VI) and the modern world during his years at the Federazione Universitaria Cattolica Italiana (FUCI). Contrary to what has been suggested by scholars of the subject, it is argued in the following pages that the line followed by Montini and the FUCI during the 1925–33 period was one characterised to a large extent by a spirit of condemnation of the modern world and modernity more generally, a spirit fuelled by an intransigent spirit of restoration of a Catholic Europe, and animated by a vision of and ideological and totalising Catholicism.
Shared and task‐specific muscle synergies of Nordic walking and conventional walking
Authors: Boccia G. , Zoppirolli C. , Bortolan L. , Schena F. , Pellegrini B. 
Published: October 2017

Nordic walking is a form of walking that includes a poling action, and therefore an additional subtask, with respect to conventional walking. The aim of this study was to assess whether Nordic walking required a task‐specific muscle coordination with respect to conventional walking. We compared the electromyographic (EMG) activity of 15 upper‐ and lower‐limb muscles of 9 Nordic walking instructors, while executing Nordic walking and conventional walking at 1.3 ms−1 on a treadmill. Non‐negative matrix factorization method was applied to identify muscle synergies, representing the spatial and temporal organization of muscle coordination. The number of muscle synergies was not different between Nordic walking (5.2 ± 0.4) and conventional walking (5.0 ± 0.7, P = .423). Five muscle synergies accounted for 91.2 ± 1.1% and 92.9 ± 1.2% of total EMG variance in Nordic walking and conventional walking, respectively. Similarity and cross‐reconstruction analyses showed that 4 muscle synergies, mainly involving lower‐limb and trunk muscles, are shared between Nordic walking and conventional walking. One synergy acting during upper limb propulsion is specific to Nordic walking, modifying the spatial organization and the magnitude of activation of upper limb muscles compared to conventional walking. The inclusion of the poling action in Nordic walking does not increase the complexity of movement control and does not change the coordination of lower limb muscles. This makes Nordic walking a physical activity suitable also for people with low motor skill.