bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increasing Role of Nurse Practitioners in House Call Programs
Authors: Yao Nengliang (Aaron) , Rose Karen , LeBaron Virginia , Camacho Fabian , Boling Peter 
Published: December 2016

ObjectivesResidence‐based primary care provides homebound frail patients with a care plan that is individually tailored to manage multiple chronic conditions and functional limitations using a variety of resources. We (1) examine the visit volume and Medicare payments for residence‐based health care provided by nurse practitioners (NPs) in the Medicare fee‐for‐service environment; (2) compare NP's residential visits to those of internists and family physicians; and (3) compare the geographical service area of full‐time house call NPs versus NPs who make nursing facility visits a major portion of their work.DesignAn observational study using secondary data.SettingMedicare Provider Utilization and Payment Data.ParticipantsMedicare beneficiaries.MeasurementsMedicare payments for home and domiciliary care visits, the number of residence‐based medical visits, provider volume, geographical distribution of full‐time house call providers.ResultsAbout 3,300 NPs performed over 1.1 million home and domiciliary care visits in 2013, accounting for 22% of all residential visits to Medicare fee‐for‐service beneficiaries. A total of 310 NPs individually made more than 1,000 residential visits (defined as a full‐time house call provider); among full‐time house call providers, including physicians, NPs are now the most common provider type. There are substantial variations in the geographic distribution of full‐time house call NPs, internists, and family physicians. Full time NP's service area is about 30% larger than family physicians and internists. Nursing home residents are far more likely to receive NP visits than are homebound persons receiving home visits.ConclusionNPs are now the largest type of provider delivering residence‐based care and NPs provide care over the largest geographical service area. However, the vast majority of frail Americans are more likely to receive NP's care in a nursing facility versus at home.
Sense of Control in End‐of‐Life Decision‐Making
Authors: Romo Rafael D. , Allison Theresa A. , Smith Alexander K. , Wallhagen Margaret I. 
Published: December 2016

ObjectivesTo explore how older adults in the community with a limited life expectancy make healthcare decisions and the processes used when they are not in an acute crisis.DesignGrounded theory.SettingMedical programs and geriatrics clinics at the University of California, San Francisco, and the San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center.ParticipantsCommunity‐dwelling adults aged 67 to 98 with a life expectancy of less than 1 year (N = 20).MeasurementsIn‐depth semistructured interviews in participants’ homes. Constant comparative analysis was used to develop codes and identify themes.ResultsParticipants generally delegated decisions to others, expressing their wishes by describing desired end‐of‐life outcomes and highlighting meaningful aspects of their lives. They did this in the belief that the delegate would make appropriate decisions on their behalf. In this way, participants were able to achieve a sense of control without being in control of decisions. Four themes emerged from the analysis that reflect the various approaches participants used to articulate their goals and maintain a sense of control: direct communication, third‐party analogies, adaptive denial, and engaged avoidance.ConclusionThese findings challenge the prevailing view of personal autonomy. These older adults suggest a path to decision‐making that focuses on priorities and goals, allowing them to take a more‐passive approach to decision‐making while still maintaining a sense of control.
USP14 inhibitor attenuates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion‐induced neuronal injury in mice
Authors: Min Jia‐Wei , Lü Lanhai , Freeling Jessica L. , Martin Doug S. , Wang Hongmin 
Published: December 2016

AbstractStroke is associated with over‐production of misfolded and aggregating proteins. However, it remains largely unclear whether enhanced removal of protein aggregates following ischemic stroke is neuroprotective. Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) are a large group of proteases that regulate protein degradation. The ubiquitin‐specific protease 14 (USP14) is a DUB that is associated with the proteasome and negatively regulates proteasome activity. In this study, we examined the effect of 1‐[1‐(4‐fluorophenyl)‐2,5‐dimethylpyrrol‐3‐yl]‐2‐pyrrolidin‐1‐ylethanone (IU1), a specific small molecule inhibitor of USP14, on mouse focal cerebral ischemic stroke‐induced neuronal injury in mice. We found that IU1 treatment attenuated ischemic stroke‐caused neuronal injury, which was reflected by increased survival rate, reduced infarct volume, as well as decreased neuronal loss in the IU1‐treated mice compared to the control‐treated mice. Additionally, IU1 treatment is associated with reduced protein aggregates and enhanced proteasome functionality. These data not only highlight the significance of protein homeostasis in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion‐induced neuronal injury but also extend the therapeutic role of DUB inhibitors.
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The role of the breast care nurse in patient and family care
Authors: Luck Lauretta , Chok Harrison Ng , Scott Nancy , Wilkes Lesley 
Published: December 2016

Aims and objectivesTo describe the role of the breast care nurse in caring for patients and families.BackgroundThe breast care nurse is an expert clinical nurse who plays a significant role in the care of women/men and their families with breast cancer. The role of these nurses has expanded since the 1990s in Australia.DesignDescriptive study.MethodsAn online survey was sent to breast care nurses using peak body databases (n = 100). The survey consisted of nineteen nurse roles and functions from a previous Delphi technique study. Nurses rated the importance and frequency of role elements using a five‐point Likert scale and four open‐ended questions relating to role.ResultsThere were 89 respondents. Most of the sample were from remote (n = 37, 41%) and rural areas (n = 47, 52%). The majority of responses regarding importance and frequency of the BCN role had a mean score above 4, which corresponds to ‘moderately important’ and ‘occasionally as needed’. There were significant differences between the level of importance and frequency on 10 items. Four role themes arose from the thematic analysis: Breast care nurses as patient advocates, patient educators, care coordinators and clinical experts.ConclusionsThis study delineated the important nurses role in caring for patients and families during a critical time of their life. Further, it details the important nursing roles and functions undertaken by these nurses and compared this to the frequency with which these nurses perform these aspects of their role.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study further delineates the important role that the nurses play in caring for patients and families during a critical time of their life. It extends further the frequency and importance of the supportive care and the need to educate their nurses on their role in providing spiritual care and research.
Building nurses’ capacity to address health inequities: incorporating lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender health content in a family nurse practitioner programme
Authors: Yingling Charles T , Cotler Karen , Hughes Tonda L 
Published: December 2016

Aims and objectivesTo describe our experience in incorporating lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender health content into the family nurse practitioner curriculum at a Midwestern college of nursing in the United States.BackgroundGlobally, lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people face disparities in the domains of physical health, behavioural risks, mental health and victimisation. There remains a paucity of nursing research on most aspects of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender health and access to care. To date, nursing leadership and curricular bodies have not provided clear guidance on the role of nurse educators in preparing nursing students to provide care to lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people.DesignDiscursive paper describing the development of a lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender health learning module for inclusion in a family nurse practitioner programme.MethodsWe summarise health disparities experienced by lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people, describe the process of module development and outline the learning content included in the module. We also discuss challenges faced in incorporating lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender content into nursing curricula.ConclusionsDespite the lack of formal direction from the nursing sector, nursing faculty should prepare nursing students to provide culturally sensitive and competent care to lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people. Our experience incorporating lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender‐specific content into the family nurse practitioner programme has proven to be positive for both students and faculty.Relevance to clinical practiceGiven their large numbers and presence across systems of care, nurses are uniquely positioned to address barriers to care faced by lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people. Modules such as the one described here can be used by nurse faculty to guide the inclusion of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender‐specific content in family nurse practitioner or other nursing courses—as well as to guide the development of nursing competencies in the care of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people.
Age‐related changes in mastication
Authors: Peyron M. A. , Woda A. , Bourdiol P. , Hennequin M. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryThe paper reviews human mastication, focusing on its age‐related changes. The first part describes mastication adaptation in young healthy individuals. Adaptation to obtain a food bolus ready to be swallowed relies on variations in number of cycles, muscle strength and volume of emitted saliva. As a result, the food bolus displays granulometric and rheological properties, the values of which are maintained within the adaptive range of deglutition. The second part concerns healthy ageing. Some mastication parameters are slightly modified by age, but ageing itself does not impair mastication, as the adaptation possibilities remain operant. The third part reports on very aged subjects, who display frequent systemic or local diseases. Local and/or general diseases such as tooth loss, salivary defect, or motor impairment are then indistinguishably superimposed on the effects of very old age. The resulting impaired function increases the risk of aspiration and choking. Lastly, the consequences for eating behaviour and nutrition are evoked.
Myofibroblasts could be recruited in a chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 2‐dependent manner in pathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis
Authors: Sarode Gargi , Sarode Sachin C. , Deshmukh Revati , Raktade Prashant , Patil Shankargouda 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundMonocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (CCL2) is a major profibrotic mediator with a proven role in fibrosis of different organs of the body. Recently, increased fibrosis in oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is linked with betel quid‐related chronic irritation and myofibroblast. Hence, this study is designed to investigate expression of CCL2 in OSMF and its correlation with myofibroblasts.Materials and MethodsParaffin‐embedded specimens of 30 OSMF and 10 tissues of normal buccal mucosa were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis for CCL2 and alpha‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) expression.ResultsCCL2 expression in basal cells (CCL2‐B) and connective tissue (CCL2‐CT), and α‐SMA showed significantly increased expression in advanced OSMF as compared with early OSMF and controls. Significant differences were observed in the expression of CCL2‐B between control vs. OSMF (P = 0.002), control vs. advanced OSMF (P = 0.005), and early vs. advanced OSMF (P = 0.0377). Similarly, differences in the CCL2‐CT expression were statistically significant between control vs. OSMF (P = 0.00086), control vs. early OSMF (P = 0.02914), and control vs. advanced OSMF (P = 0.0006). For α‐SMA expression, significant differences were observed between control vs. OSMF (P = 0.0003), control vs. early OSMF (P = 0.036), control vs. advanced OSMF (P = 0.00008), and early vs. advanced OSMF (P = 0.0009). In OSMF group, a significant correlation was observed between CCL2‐B and CCL2‐CT (P < 0.00001), CCL2‐B and α‐SMA (P < 0.00001), and CCL2‐CT and α‐SMA (P < 0.00001).ConclusionCCL2 could be responsible for pathogenesis of OSMF by recruiting myofibroblasts.
Begomovirus and Associated Satellite Components Infecting Cluster Bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) in Pakistan
Authors: Tahir Muhammad N. , Mansoor Shahid , Briddon Rob W. , Amin Imran 
Published: December 2016

AbstractCluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) is a legume that is grown widely on the Indian subcontinent. Leaf curl symptoms of cluster bean plants collected in the Punjab, Pakistan, were shown to be associated with the begomovirus Papaya leaf curl virus; the first time this virus has been identified infecting cluster bean in Pakistan. The virus was shown to be associated with Tomato leaf curl betasatellite. Additionally, some cluster bean plants were shown to also harbour Cotton leaf curl Multan alphasatellite. The significance of these findings is discussed.
Accuracy of tablet splitting and liquid measurements: an examination of who, what and how
Authors: Abu-Geras Dana , Hadziomerovic Dunja , Leau Andrew , Khan Ramzan Nazim , Gudka Sajni , Locher Cornelia , Razaghikashani Maryam , Lim Lee Yong 
Published: December 2016

Abstract

Objective
To examine factors that might affect the ability of patients to accurately halve tablets or measure a 5-ml liquid dose.

Methods
Eighty-eight participants split four different placebo tablets by hand and using a tablet splitter, while 85 participants measured 5 ml of water, 0.5% methylcellulose (MC) and 1% MC using a syringe and dosing cup. Accuracy of manipulation was determined by mass measurements.

Key findings
The general population was less able than pharmacy students to break tablets into equal parts, although age, gender and prior experience were insignificant factors. Greater accuracy of tablet halving was observed with tablet splitter, with scored tablets split more equally than unscored tablets. Tablet size did not affect the accuracy of splitting. However, &gt;25% of small scored tablets failed to be split by hand, and 41% of large unscored tablets were split into &gt;2 portions in the tablet splitter. In liquid measurement, the syringe provided more accurate volume measurements than the dosing cup, with higher accuracy observed for the more viscous MC solutions than water.

Conclusion
Formulation characteristics and manipulation technique have greater influences on the accuracy of medication modification and should be considered in off-label drug use in vulnerable populations.
Geridonin, a novel derivative of oridonin, inhibits proliferation of MGC 803 cells both in vitro and in vivo through elevating the intracellular ROS
Authors: Wang Sai-Qi , Wang Cong , Wang Jun-Wei , Yang Dong-Xiao , Wang Ran , Wang Chuan-Jin , Li Hui-Ju , Shi Hong-Ge , Ke Yu , Liu Hong-Min 
Published: December 2016

Abstract

Objectives
To study the antitumour activity of a novel derivative of oridonin named geridonin in vitro and in vivo.

Methods
MTT and colony formation assay were used to test the cytotoxicity of geridonin; apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and the levels of reactive oxygen species were measured by flow cytometry; JC-1 staining assay was used to examine the mitochondrial membrane potential; the MGC 803 xenograft model was established to evaluate the antitumour effect of geridonin in vivo; H&E staining was performed for the histological analysis.

Key findings
In vitro, geridonin remarkably inhibited proliferation of gastrointestinal cancer cells including oesophageal, gastric, liver and colon cancers. On oesophageal, gastric cancer cells, geridonin displayed strong cytotoxicity than that of oridonin. In gastric cancer MGC 803 cells, geridonin triggered apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway depending on caspase. In addition, geridonin sharply reduced the formation of cell colony, increased the intracellular levels of ROS and induced cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase. In vivo, geridonin delayed the growth of MGC 803 xenograft in athymic mice without obvious loss of bodyweight.

Conclusions
The novel derivative of oridonin, geridonin, inhibited the growth of human gastric cancer cells MGC 803 both in vitro and in vivo mainly via triggering apoptosis depending on elevating intracellular level of ROS.
Review on the effects of potential prebiotics on controlling intestinal enteropathogens Salmonella and Escherichia coli in pig production
Authors: Tran T. H. T. , Everaert N. , Bindelle J. 
Published: December 2016

SummarySalmonella enterica serotypes (Salmonella sp.) are the second cause of bacterial foodborne zoonoses in humans after campylobacteriosis. Pork is the third most important cause for outbreak‐associated salmonellosis, and colibacillosis is the most important disease in piglets and swine. Attachment to host cells, translocation of effector proteins into host cells, invasion and replication in tissues are the vital virulence steps of these pathogens that help them to thrive in the intestinal environment and invade tissues. Feed contamination is an important source for Salmonella infection in pig production. Many on‐farm feeding strategies intervene to avoid the introduction of pathogens onto the farm by contaminated feeds or to reduce infection pressure when pathogens are present. Among the latter, prebiotics could be effective at protecting against these enteric bacterial pathogens. Nowadays, a wide range of molecules can potentially serve as prebiotics. Here, we summarize the prevalence of Salmonella sp. and Escherichia coli in pigs, understanding of the mechanisms by which pathogens can cause disease, the feed related to pathogen contamination in pigs and detail the mechanisms on which prebiotics are likely to act in order to fulfil their protective action against these pathogens in pig production. Many different mechanisms involve the inhibition of Salmonella and E. coli by prebiotics such as coating the host surface, modulation of intestinal ecology, downregulating the expression of adhesin factors or virulence genes, reinforcing the host immune system.
Differential toxic effects of Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyta) on the herbivorous gastropods, Littorina littorea and L. obtusata (Mollusca)
Authors: Peckol Paulette , Putnam Alysha B. 
Published: December 2016

Members of the genus Ulva are widespread and abundant in intertidal and shallow subtidal areas but there are conflicting data regarding susceptibility to herbivory. While some studies have documented that Ulva spp. were favored by a diversity of marine herbivores, other work has revealed herbivore deterrence. We investigated grazing and growth rates of the littorinid species, Littorina littorea and L. obtusata, when offered Fucus vesiculosus, Ascophyllum nodosum, Ulva lactuca, and Chondrus crispus, highlighting distinctive vulnerabilities to toxic effects of U. lactuca. Ulva lactuca was the preferred food of L. littorea, while L. obtusata showed no grazing on this ephemeral algal species. In contrast, F. vesiculosus was highly preferred by L. obtusata. Although L. littorea demonstrated a grazing preference for U. lactuca, growth rate of this gastropod species was nearly 3× greater when fed F. vesiculosus, suggesting a non‐lethal, negative effect of U. lactuca on L. littorea with long‐term exposure. Mortality of L. obtusata ranged from 0% to 100% when held in the presence of various Ulva densities for 1 week, and Ulva exudate depressed herbivory of this gastropod. We conclude that the water‐soluble, toxic exudate produced by U. lactuca in response to herbivory had allelochemical properties, and may contain a cleavage product (acrylic acid) of dimethylsulfoniopropionate or reactive oxygen species (i.e., H2O2). Observed differences in susceptibility to Ulva toxicity by the littorinid species may be related to generalist versus specialist feeding and habitat strategies.
The influence of seasonal precipitation and grass competition on 20 years of forb dynamics in northern Chihuahuan Desert grassland
Authors: Mulhouse John M. , Hallett Lauren M. , Collins Scott L. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAimsIn arid grasslands forbs represent a large component of species diversity and provide a key resource for pollinators and consumers. However, low abundances and high temporal variability make it challenging to successfully predict forb presence and abundance from 1 yr to the next. In this study we: (1) characterize patterns of semi‐arid forb diversity and abundance over time; (2) determine the relative importance of direct vs indirect (via grass competition) effects of precipitation on forb richness and abundance; and (3) separate the effect of precipitation timing on forb community composition from the effects of precipitation amount and season.LocationSemi‐arid grassland, Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, Socorro County, central New Mexico, USA.MethodsWe analysed forb dynamics along two 400‐m long line‐intercept transects in response to inter‐annual and seasonal precipitation variability and abundance of perennial grasses using a unique 20‐yr species composition data set from ungrazed native grassland in the northern Chihuahuan Desert.ResultsForb richness and cover were significantly positively associated with precipitation across seasons. Total richness was high across the time series but substantially lower within any given year. A direct, positive effect of precipitation overrode any potential negative, indirect effect via grass competition. Although aggregate forb responses were strongly linked with precipitation, individual species responses were highly variable and generally not linked with either precipitation timing or season.ConclusionsIn the hotter, drier climate predicted by meteorological models for the US southwest, forbs may be negatively impacted if winter moisture decreases and monsoon precipitation becomes more variable. On the other hand, the flexibility exhibited by forbs in germination and establishment throughout the growing season may help buffer some common species to increased inter‐annual precipitation variability.