bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Learning effectiveness and satisfaction of international medical students: Introducing a Hybrid–PBL curriculum in biochemistry
Authors: Yan Qiu , Ma Li , Zhu Lina , Zhang Wenli 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA biochemistry course is a fundamental but important subject in medical education in China. In recent years, the number of international medical students has increased. Curriculum reform in biochemistry teaching is needed because of the knowledge limitations of students, a close linkage of biochemical content with clinics, the shortcomings of lecture‐centered teaching, and the requirements for early clinical practice training and competence. In this study, we analyzed a novel curriculum reform, “Hybrid–PBL,” which combined problem‐based learning (PBL) with biochemistry lectures and was implemented for biochemical teaching at Dalian Medical University (DMU) in China. The change in curriculum affected 189 international medical students. This study selected two PBL cases concerning the basic biochemical issues of carbohydrate metabolism and liver biochemistry for the analysis, and ten examples of learning issues for each case were reported by the international students. A questionnaire was utilized to evaluate students’ perceptions of the Hybrid–PBL, and examination scores were analyzed to assess the curriculum reform in biochemistry teaching. A statistical analysis revealed that the Hybrid–PBL curriculum was well accepted by the international students as an effective supplement to lecture‐centered teaching programs. The students obtained more abilities, higher examination scores, and an improved understanding of biomedical information from the Hybrid–PBL program than from conventional teaching methods. Our study was an innovative trial that applied a PBL curriculum to the specific discipline of biochemistry and may provide a potential and promising new teaching method that can be widely utilized. © 2017 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 45(4):336–342, 2017.
Chemical Constituents from the Flowers of Wild Gardenia jasminoides J.Ellis
Authors: Zhang Hu , Feng Ning , Xu Yan‐Tong , Li Tian‐Xiang , Gao Xiu‐Mei , Zhu Yan , Song Yun Seon , Wang Ya‐Nan , Wu Hong‐Hua 
Published: January 2017

Four new iridoids, 2′‐O‐(E)‐coumaroylshanzhiside (1), 6′‐O‐(E)‐coumaroylshanzhiside (2), 8α‐butylgardenoside B (3), 6α‐methoxygenipin (4), and one new phenylpropanoid glucoside, 5‐(3‐hydroxypropyl)‐2‐methoxyphenyl β‐d‐glucopyranoside (5), together with sixteen known compounds, were isolated from the edible flowers of wild Gardenia jasminoides J.Ellis. Their chemical structures were characterized by extensive spectroscopic techniques, including 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR, HR‐ESI‐MS, and CD experiments. The absolute configurations of the new isolates’ sugar moiety were assigned by HPLC analysis of the acid hydrolysates. Furthermore, the antioxidant activities of those isolates were preliminarily evaluated by DPPH scavenging experiment. And comparison of 1H‐NMR spectra for the EtOH extract of G. jasminoides J.Ellis, gardenoside B and geniposide revealed that the flowers of this plant have a considerable content of gardenoside B instead of geniposide in the fruits, indicating different activities and applications in people's daily life.
Direct Intracellular Delivery of Cell‐Impermeable Probes of Protein Glycosylation by Using Nanostraws
Authors: Xu Alexander M. , Wang Derek S. , Shieh Peyton , Cao Yuhong , Melosh Nicholas A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBioorthogonal chemistry is an effective tool for elucidating metabolic pathways and measuring cellular activity, yet its use is currently limited by the difficulty of getting probes past the cell membrane and into the cytoplasm, especially if more complex probes are desired. Here we present a simple and minimally perturbative technique to deliver functional probes of glycosylation into cells by using a nanostructured “nanostraw” delivery system. Nanostraws provide direct intracellular access to cells through fluid conduits that remain small enough to minimize cell perturbation. First, we demonstrate that our platform can deliver an unmodified azidosugar, N‐azidoacetylmannosamine, into cells with similar effectiveness to a chemical modification strategy (peracetylation). We then show that the nanostraw platform enables direct delivery of an azidosugar modified with a charged uridine diphosphate group (UDP) that prevents intracellular penetration, thereby bypassing multiple enzymatic processing steps. By effectively removing the requirement for cell permeability from the probe, the nanostraws expand the toolbox of bioorthogonal probes that can be used to study biological processes on a single, easy‐to‐use platform.
Recurrent apnea in an infant with pertussis due to household transmission
Authors: Ochi Motoharu , Nosaka Nobuyuki , Knaup Emily , Tsukahara Kohei , Kikkawa Tomonobu , Fujii Yousuke , Yashiro Masato , Sato Keiji , Ugawa Toyomu , Okada Ayumi , Tsukahara Hirokazu 
Published: January 2017

Key Clinical MessageBordetella pertussis causes life‐threatening apnea in infants. Lymphocytosis is an important clue for diagnosis and for determining the severity of pertussis. Antibiotics do not shorten or ameliorate the disease and only decrease the risk of transmission. Antepartum maternal immunization is important for preventing pertussis in infants.
The barbed suture of deep fascia walks away and pierces through skin far from the incision – a case report
Authors: Li Shufeng , Sun Huaqiang , Yu Zhaolong , Wang Wei , Wang Teng , Yan Xinfeng 
Published: January 2017

Key Clinical MessageBarbed suture has been widely used in surgeries. However, this technique may raise many problems. Here, we report that the barbed suture of deep fascia walks away and pierces through skin far from the incision in a 61‐year‐old male 6 weeks after total hip arthroplasty.
Rhodium Complexes Promoting C−O Bond Formation in Reactions with Oxygen: The Role of Superoxo Species
Authors: Vilella‐Arribas Laia , García‐Melchor Max , Balcells David , Lledós Agustí , López José A. , Sancho Sofía , Villarroya B. Eva , del Río M. Pilar , Ciriano Miguel A. , Tejel Cristina 
Published: January 2017

AbstractC−O bond formation in reactions of olefins with oxygen is a long standing challenge in chemistry for which the very complicated—sometimes controversial—mechanistic panorama slows down the design of catalysts for oxygenations. In this regard, the mechanistic details of the oxidation of the complex [Rh(cod)(Ph2N3)] (1) (cod=1,5‐cyclooctadiene) with oxygen to the unique 2‐rhodaoxetane compound [{Rh(OC8H12)(Ph2N3)}2] (2) has been investigated by DFT calculations. The results of this study provide evidences for a novel bimetallic mechanism in which two rhodium atoms redistribute the four electrons involved in the cleavage of the O=O bond. Furthermore, both oxygen atoms are used to create two new C−O bonds in a controlled fashion with 100 % atom economy. The key intermediates that we have found in this process are a mononuclear open‐shell triplet superoxo compound, an open‐shell singlet “μ‐(peroxo)” derivative, and a closed‐shell singlet “bis(μ‐oxo)” complex. Some of the findings are used to predict the reactions of RhI complexes with oxygen, exemplified by that of the complex [Rh(cod)(OnapyMe2)] (3). Starting from 3, [{Rh(OC8H12)(OnapyMe2)}2] (4) has been prepared and characterized, which represents the second example of a 2‐rhodaoxetane compound coming from an oxygenation reaction with oxygen.
Chemokine (C‐C motif) receptor 7 (CCR7) associates with the tumour immune microenvironment but not progression in invasive breast carcinoma
Authors: Sonbul Sultan N , Gorringe Kylie L , Aleskandarany Mohammed A , Mukherjee Abhik , Green Andrew R , Ellis Ian O , Rakha Emad A 
Published: January 2017

AbstractSome previous studies have reported that the chemokine (C‐C motif) receptor 7 (CCR7) plays a role in breast cancer, is associated with lymph node metastasis and drives the site of distant metastasis. However, the impact of its expression on patient outcome and its association with tumour infiltrating inflammatory cells remain to be validated. We evaluated CCR7 protein expression by immunohistochemistry in a large well characterized cohort (n = 866) of early invasive primary breast cancers. CCR7 was expressed in the cytoplasm and membrane of tumour cells. We observed a weak positive association of high CCR7 expression when in either cellular component, but not both together, with axillary lymph node stage 3 tumours (p = 0.043). Logistic regression analysis of lymph node stage revealed no independent predictive value for CCR7 expression. CCR7 expression was higher in HER2 positive tumours (p = 0.03) and associated with positive CD68+ FOXP3+ tumour infiltrating cells. CCR7 staining was negatively associated with CD3+ cells. There was no significant association of CCR7 expression with breast cancer recurrence or survival. We conclude that while CCR7 is not a useful biomarker for predicting lymph node metastasis, it may reflect altered intra‐ and inter‐cellular signalling related to the immune microenvironment. The subcellular localization of CCR7 appears to affect the nature of these interactions.
Finite‐Sized One‐Dimensional Silica Microstructures (Rods): Synthesis, Assembly, and Applications
Authors: Sharma Jaswinder 
Published: January 2017

AbstractColloidal silica structures are very important for applications such as superhydrophobic, oleophobic, icephobic, and anti‐biofouling coatings, polymer–ceramic or metal–matrix composites, photon management, catalyst support, and drug delivery. In addition to various types of silica structures, a unique structure—silica rods—has been synthesized by employing the emulsion droplets made by adding water and citrate to polyvinylpyrrolidone pentanol solution. While significant progress has been made in modifying rod shape and chemistry, in rod assembly, and in rod applications, however, no review article has discussed the progress in this field. This Focus Review intends to highlight the developments in the synthesis, assembly, and application of these rods, and discuss the remaining challenges for precise control of size and shape, possible solutions, and potential applications.
Controls of nitrogen cycling evaluated along a well‐characterized climate gradient
Authors: von Sperber Christian , Chadwick Oliver A. , Casciotti Karen L. , Peay Kabir G. , Francis Christopher A. , Kim Amy E. , Vitousek Peter M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe supply of nitrogen (N) constrains primary productivity in many ecosystems, raising the question “what controls the availability and cycling of N”? As a step toward answering this question, we evaluated N cycling processes and aspects of their regulation on a climate gradient on Kohala Volcano, Hawaii, USA. The gradient extends from sites receiving <300 mm/yr of rain to those receiving >3,000 mm/yr, and the pedology and dynamics of rock‐derived nutrients in soils on the gradient are well understood. In particular, there is a soil process domain at intermediate rainfall within which ongoing weathering and biological uplift have enriched total and available pools of rock‐derived nutrients substantially; sites at higher rainfall than this domain are acid and infertile as a consequence of depletion of rock‐derived nutrients, while sites at lower rainfall are unproductive and subject to wind erosion. We found elevated rates of potential net N mineralization in the domain where rock‐derived nutrients are enriched. Higher‐rainfall sites have low rates of potential net N mineralization and high rates of microbial N immobilization, despite relatively high rates of gross N mineralization. Lower‐rainfall sites have moderately low potential net N mineralization, relatively low rates of gross N mineralization, and rates of microbial N immobilization sufficient to sequester almost all the mineral N produced. Bulk soil δ15N also varied along the gradient, from +4‰ at high rainfall sites to +14‰ at low rainfall sites, indicating differences in the sources and dynamics of soil N. Our analysis shows that there is a strong association between N cycling and soil process domains that are defined using soil characteristics independent of N along this gradient, and that short‐term controls of N cycling can be understood in terms of the supply of and demand for N.
Deciphering topographic signals of glaciation and rock uplift in an active orogen: a case study from the Olympic Mountains, USA
Authors: Adams B. A. , Ehlers T. A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractEstimating recent patterns of erosion and rock uplift within Cenozoic orogens has proven difficult as signals of these processes have been obfuscated by Plio‐Pleistocene glaciation. The topography of many mountain ranges integrates the effects of long‐lived rock uplift, Late‐Cenozoic climate variation, and post‐glacial landscape adjustment. In this study, we employ a suite of topographic analyses to study the relief of an active mountain range on a sub‐catchment scale in an effort to the separate the long‐term signal of rock uplift from perturbations due to shorter‐lived climate signals. We focus on the Olympic Mountains, USA, where patterns of exhumation and glaciation have been previously estimated; however, our methods and results are broadly applicable to other orogens.Our analysis shows that Plio‐Pleistocene alpine glaciers and the Cordilleran Ice Sheet have reduced the elevations of channel profiles and created anomalously low channel relief in the Olympic Mountains. Large low‐gradient areas formed at lower elevations where ice sheets were present and alpine glaciers widened and deepened valleys. In the more rugged core of the range, near‐threshold hillslopes along the margins of the oversteepened glacially‐carved valleys, dominate the range. This implies a strong Plio‐Pleistocene glacial climate control on the topography over the more recent evolution of the Olympic Mountains. However, the broad relief structure of the range appears to still record the regional rock uplift pattern and is suggestive of an east‐plunging antiform, consistent with folding of the subducting plate or underplating of accreted rocks. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neuron–astrocyte signaling is preserved in the aging brain
Authors: Gómez‐Gonzalo Marta , Martin‐Fernandez Mario , Martínez‐Murillo Ricardo , Mederos Sara , Hernández‐Vivanco Alicia , Jamison Stephanie , Fernandez Ana P. , Serrano Julia , Calero Pilar , Futch Hunter S. , Corpas Rubén , Sanfeliu Coral , Perea Gertrudis , Araque Alfonso 
Published: January 2017

Astrocytes play crucial roles in brain homeostasis and are emerging as regulatory elements of neuronal and synaptic physiology by responding to neurotransmitters with Ca2+ elevations and releasing gliotransmitters that activate neuronal receptors. Aging involves neuronal and astrocytic alterations, being considered risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases. Most evidence of the astrocyte–neuron signaling is derived from studies with young animals; however, the features of astrocyte–neuron signaling in adult and aging brain remain largely unknown. We have investigated the existence and properties of astrocyte–neuron signaling in physiologically and pathologically aging mouse hippocampal and cortical slices at different lifetime points (0.5 to 20 month‐old animals). We found that astrocytes preserved their ability to express spontaneous and neurotransmitter‐dependent intracellular Ca2+ signals from juvenile to aging brains. Likewise, resting levels of gliotransmission, assessed by neuronal NMDAR activation by glutamate released from astrocytes, were largely preserved with similar properties in all tested age groups, but DHPG‐induced gliotransmission was reduced in aged mice. In contrast, gliotransmission was enhanced in the APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease, indicating a dysregulation of astrocyte–neuron signaling in pathological conditions. Disruption of the astrocytic IP3R2 mediated‐signaling, which is required for neurotransmitter‐induced astrocyte Ca2+ signals and gliotransmission, boosted the progression of amyloid plaque deposits and synaptic plasticity impairments in APP/PS1 mice at early stages of the disease. Therefore, astrocyte–neuron interaction is a fundamental signaling, largely conserved in the adult and aging brain of healthy animals, but it is altered in Alzheimer's disease, suggesting that dysfunctions of astrocyte Ca2+ physiology may contribute to this neurodegenerative disease. GLIA 2017 GLIA 2017;65:569–580
Auditory and audio–visual processing in patients with cochlear, auditory brainstem, and auditory midbrain implants: An EEG study
Authors: Schierholz Irina , Finke Mareike , Kral Andrej , Büchner Andreas , Rach Stefan , Lenarz Thomas , Dengler Reinhard , Sandmann Pascale 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThere is substantial variability in speech recognition ability across patients with cochlear implants (CIs), auditory brainstem implants (ABIs), and auditory midbrain implants (AMIs). To better understand how this variability is related to central processing differences, the current electroencephalography (EEG) study compared hearing abilities and auditory–cortex activation in patients with electrical stimulation at different sites of the auditory pathway. Three different groups of patients with auditory implants (Hannover Medical School; ABI: n = 6, CI: n = 6; AMI: n = 2) performed a speeded response task and a speech recognition test with auditory, visual, and audio–visual stimuli. Behavioral performance and cortical processing of auditory and audio–visual stimuli were compared between groups. ABI and AMI patients showed prolonged response times on auditory and audio–visual stimuli compared with NH listeners and CI patients. This was confirmed by prolonged N1 latencies and reduced N1 amplitudes in ABI and AMI patients. However, patients with central auditory implants showed a remarkable gain in performance when visual and auditory input was combined, in both speech and non‐speech conditions, which was reflected by a strong visual modulation of auditory–cortex activation in these individuals. In sum, the results suggest that the behavioral improvement for audio–visual conditions in central auditory implant patients is based on enhanced audio–visual interactions in the auditory cortex. Their findings may provide important implications for the optimization of electrical stimulation and rehabilitation strategies in patients with central auditory prostheses. Hum Brain Mapp 38:2206–2225, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of aging upon the host response to implants
Authors: Hachim Daniel , Wang Na , Lopresti Samuel T. , Stahl Elizabeth C. , Umeda Yuta U. , Rege Rahul D. , Carey Sean T. , Mani Deepa , Brown Bryan N. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractMacrophage polarization during the host response is now a well‐accepted predictor of outcomes following material implantation. Immunosenescence, dysregulation of macrophage function, and delayed resolution of immune responses in aged individuals have all been demonstrated, suggesting that host responses to materials in aged individuals should differ from those in younger individuals. However, few studies examining the effects of aging upon the host response have been performed. The present work sought to elucidate the impacts of aging upon the host response to polypropylene mesh implanted into 8‐week‐old and 18‐month‐old mice. The results showed that there are significant differences in macrophage surface marker expression, migration, and polarization during the early host macrophage response and delayed resolution of the host response in 18‐month‐old versus 8‐week‐old mice. These differences could not be attributed to cell‐intrinsic defects alone, suggesting that the host macrophage response to implants is likely also dictated to a significant degree by the local tissue microenvironment. These results raise important questions about the design and testing of materials and devices often intended to treat aged individuals and suggest that an improved understanding of patient‐ and context‐dependent macrophage responses has the potential to improve outcomes in aged individuals. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 1281–1292, 2017.
Fabrication and characterization of cell sheets using methylcellulose and PNIPAAm thermoresponsive polymers: A comparison Study
Authors: Forghani Anoosha , Kriegh Lisa , Hogan Katie , Chen Cong , Brewer Gabrielle , Tighe Timothy B. , Devireddy Ram , Hayes Daniel 
Published: January 2017

AbstractCulturing cells on thermoresponsive polymers enables cells to be harvested as an intact cell sheet without disrupting the extracellular matrix or compromising cell‐cell junctions. Previously, cell sheet fabrication methods using methylcellulose (MC) gel and PNIPAAm were independently demonstrated. In this study, MC and PNIPAAm fabrication methods are detailed and the resulting cell sheets characterized in parallel studies for direct comparison of human adipose derived stromal/stem cell (hASCs) sheet formation, cell morphology, viability, proliferation, and osteogenic potential over 21 days. A cell viability study revealed that hASCs in MC and PNIPAAm cell sheets remained viable for 21 days and proliferated until confluency. Osteogenic cell sheets exhibited upregulation of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) at day 7, as well as calcium deposition at 21 days. Additionally, expression of osteocalcin (OCN), a late‐stage marker of osteogenesis, was quantified at days 14 and 21 using RT‐PCR. OCN was upregulated in MC cell sheets at day 14 and PNIPAAm cell sheets at days 14 and 21. These results indicate that hASCs formed into cell sheets commit to an osteogenic lineage when cultured in osteogenic conditions. Cell sheets composed of hASCs may be used for further studies of hASC differentiation or surgical delivery of undifferentiated cells to defect sites. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 1346–1354, 2017.
Potentiating bioactivity of BMP‐2 by polyelectrolyte complexation with sulfonated polyrotaxanes to induce rapid bone regeneration in a mouse calvarial defect
Authors: Terauchi Masahiko , Inada Takasuke , Kanemaru Tomoki , Ikeda Go , Tonegawa Asato , Nishida Kei , Arisaka Yoshinori , Tamura Atsushi , Yamaguchi Satoshi , Yui Nobuhiko 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBone reconstruction is a challenging issue in the regeneration of surgically removed bone and disease‐related bone defects. Although bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2) has received considerable attention as a bone regeneration inducer, a high dose of BMP‐2 is typically required due to its short life‐time under in vivo conditions. We have proposed a method to enhance the osteogenetic differentiation ability of BMP‐2 in vitro that is based on supramolecular polyelectrolyte complexation with sulfonated polyrotaxanes (PRXs) consisting of sulfopropyl ether (SPE)‐modified α‐cyclodextrins threaded along a poly(ethylene glycol) chain capped with terminal bulky stopper molecules. In this study, we evaluated the in vivo bone regeneration ability of the SPE‐PRX/BMP‐2 complexes in a mouse calvarial defect model in comparison to free BMP‐2 and heparin/BMP‐2 complexes. The regenerated bone area was determined by X‐ray computed microtomography, and the mice implanted with sulfonated PRX/BMP‐2 complexes exhibited rapid and significant bone regeneration compared to those implanted with free BMP‐2 and heparin/BMP‐2 complexes. We concluded that the sulfonated PRX/BMP‐2 complexes are a promising candidate for clinical bone regeneration. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 1355–1363, 2017.