bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reading Nature- experienced teachers’ reﬂections on a teaching sequence in ecology: implications for future teacher training
Authors: Magntorn Ola , Helldén Gustav 
Published: October 2017

This article explores experienced primary teachers views on teaching for ‘reading nature’. The concept ‘reading nature’ has to do with an ability to recognise organisms and relate them to material cycling and energy ﬂow in the speciﬁc habitat which is to be read. It has to do with the natural world that we face outside and the tools we have are our experiences from previous learning situations both in and out-of-doors. The teachers were asked to comment on the content of a CD-ROM with teaching sequences from a primary class studying a river ecosystem. Perceptions that teachers held were found to be supportive but complex and varied regarding the possibilities and advantages of implementing this type of teaching design in the everyday classroom. The paper ﬁnishes by identifying some implications for teacher training to support ﬁeldwork and ecological literacy in primary schools in the future.
Vurdering av naturfagkompetanse på PC - Norske resultater fra generalprøven i PISA CBAS
Authors: Turmo Are , Lie Svein 
Published: October 2017

This article reports from a computer-based assessment of scientiﬁc literacy. The study was implemented in Norway in the period from March to June 2005 by the use of 6 carry-in laptops. In total, 315 15-year old students participated. All students did a one hour paper-based test and a one-hour computerbased test. In addition to the cognitive response data, also behavioural data were recorded from the computer-based test. The results show no statistically signiﬁcant gender difference for the paper-based test, while a substantial gender difference in favour of boys is established for the computer-based test. The PC test seems to favour boys because of the lower reading load. Boys also express higher motivation and larger preference for doing the test on PC compared to on paper. The behavioural data show that boys make more active use of the multimedia elements in the PC test than the girls do.
University students’ ideas about data processing and data comparison in a physics laboratory course
Authors: Kung Rebecca Lippmann , Linder Cedric 
Published: October 2017

This study investigates undergraduate students’ ability to use the ideas of measurement and uncertainty to process and compare experimental data. These ideas include not only knowing what it means to use an instrument to take a measurement, but also being able to apply that knowledge, including the ideas that make up uncertainty analysis, to every aspect of an experiment. A physics laboratory course for the Energy Systems Engineering programme at Uppsala University has been designed to focus on teaching students the ideas of measurement and the associated laboratory skills. In the reported study, we use an open-ended survey to investigate students’ ideas about data processing and data comparison before and after this laboratory course. The results show that several students, even after the course, are still unable to appropriately use the ideas of uncertainty. This suggests that these ideas must be continuously revisited and explored as a fundamental part of all undergraduate laboratory experiences.
PISA+: A research project to pursue problematic PISA ﬁndings in the Norwegian context
Authors: Ødegaard Marianne 
Published: October 2017

PISA + is a research project on learning and teaching strategies in schools. (+: Prosjekt om Lærings- og Undervisnings-Strategier i Skolen). Both mathematics and reading are included in addition to science. It is a qualitative, in-depth study, which tries to scrutinize and understand the results from the past PISA studies (Programme for International Student Assessment) (Kjaernsli, Lie, Olsen, Roe & Turmo 2004; Lie, Kjarnsli, Roe & Turmo 2001) and evaluation studies of Norwegian schools (Klette, 2003; Schmidt et al. 1996). It is based on sociocultural principles from theorists such as Vygotsky (1934) and Bakhtin (1981). The methodology is inﬂ uenced by the Norwegian evaluation study of Reform 97 (Klette, 2003), and the international project The Learner’s Perspective Study (Clarke, 2002). PISA+ is partly associated with LPS. Hopefully our results may offer some knowledge valuable for improving learning in schools.
Naturfagenes didaktikk: refleksjoner ved et jubileum. "Science education as an academic discipline in the Nordic countries: reflections at an anniversary"
Authors: Sjøberg Svein 
Published: October 2017

This journal, NorDiNa, has its roots in a series of Nordic Conferences on science education, commencing in 1984, and this issue of the journal contains a selection of articles from the 10th in this series. I was one of those who initiated this tradition, and I use this article to reflect on some aspects of the development. Our field has in rather short time developed from a stumbling start in the mid 1970’s to become an institutionalized and professionalized academic field. The article provides a somewhat personal account of some trends in the early development of our field of research and development, and it raises some questions about our identity and challenges.
Elevuniversitet om energi og klima – et samarbejde i netværk: Nye perspektiver for naturfagsinteressen? "Generating science interest through network and collaboration between primary schools and university on climate and energy"
Authors: Grunwald Annette 
Published: October 2017

This paper address the need for developing out-reach activities in a way that can increase primary school pupils interest in science. Building on the hypotheses that the inclusion of more and different actors in developing these outreach activities can strengthen them, this paper presents an initial study investigating the development of a network of actors organizing out-of-school science teaching. This initial study is part of a 3 years action research project, where the network approach has been used to continually design and further development of a pupils’ university on the subject energy and climate for 5 and 6 grade pupils in primary schools within Northern Jutland, Denmark. The methodological framework is routed in action research, and the data collection includes participant observations, cite visits, informal interviews, questionnaires and document analysis. This paper thereby exemplifies and discuss how a cooperation network to support out-of school teaching can be established, developed and brought into action through ongoing learning processes among university, primary school and other institutions. Considering the specific case, the out-reach activities developed by this network approach have shown to be effective in raising awareness and engagement in the pupils university. On that base, it is concluded that the actor-approach holds considerable potentials for developing out-of-school activities; which however calls for further research.
Les transformations technologiques et le rôle de la Recherche en relations industrielles
Authors: Quinet Félix 
Published: October 2017

L'auteur analyse la portée des transformations technologiques sur les techniques de négociations collectives et de relations industrielles de même que sur le contenu des conventions collectives. A ce sujet, il décrit quelques règlements patronaux-ouvriers d'importance. Puis il traite de l'évolution de la politique gouvernementale en ce qu'elle affecte les relations industrielles, décrivant en particulier le nouveau Service consultatif de la main-d'oeuvre, au Ministère fédéral du Travail. Il conclut en parlant des transformations technologiques et notre régime de relations industrielles.
Le Québec, au point tournant de son histoire
Authors: Kierans Eric W. 
Published: October 2017

L'auteur, en se plaçant dans l'optique très particulière de l'économiste, décrit d'abord les trois changements qui, selon lui, se produisent dans le Québec. Puis, il les examine de deux points de vue différents : d'une part, du point de vue de l'homme d'affaires d'expression française et, d'autre part, du point de vue des milieux d'affaires d'expression anglaise.
Les formes actuelles du Progrès technique et la formation des travailleurs
Authors: Cardin Jean-Réal 
Published: October 2017

Le présent travail a pour objet : a) de chercher à caractériser la nature des développements technologiques survenant dans les sociétés industrielles contemporaines et en indiquer les principales manifestations; b) de rechercher les conséquences de la nouvelle technologie sur le caractère de l'entreprise et sur la structure de l'emploi, et c) d'évaluer les exigences nouvelles que pose la technique moderne en matière de formation et de qualification de la main-d'oeuvre.
Viols naturalistes : « commune histoire » ou « épouvantable aventure » ?
Authors: Pierre Chantal 
Published: October 2017

On viole beaucoup dans le roman naturaliste. Mais ce qui est présenté comme une
fatalité de la condition féminine ne donne pas lieu dans la plupart des récits à de
véritables histoires. Contre le fait divers, les mélodrames, le roman-feuilleton, les romans
sentimentaux du xixe siècle, le naturalisme
désamorce le pathétique et les drames qui caractérisent la littérature du viol. Il s’agit en
effet de l’afficher comme « commune histoire », dont les conditions et les raisons relèvent
d’explications déterministes qui tendent finalement à soustraire le viol au scandale. Zola,
néanmoins, par une évolution qui lui est propre, retrouve au fil des Rougon-Macquart ce goût
du scandale et d’un viol « romanesque » qu’il s’efforce de formuler et d’évaluer dans des
montages scénaristiques parfois risqués.
Distinguishing Remobilized Ash From Erupted Volcanic Plumes Using Space‐Borne Multiangle Imaging
Authors: Flower Verity J. B. , Kahn Ralph A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractVolcanic systems are composed of a complex combination of ongoing eruptive activity and secondary hazards, such as remobilized ash plumes. Similarities in the visual characteristics of remobilized and erupted plumes, as imaged by satellite‐based remote sensing, complicate the accurate classification of these events. The stereo imaging capabilities of the Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) were used to determine the altitude and distribution of suspended particles. Remobilized ash shows distinct dispersion, with particles distributed within ~1.5 km of the surface. Particle transport is consistently constrained by local topography, limiting dispersion pathways downwind. The MISR Research Aerosol retrieval algorithm was used to assess plume particle microphysical properties. Remobilized ash plumes displayed a dominance of large particles with consistent absorption and angularity properties, distinct from emitted plumes. The combination of vertical distribution, topographic control, and particle microphysical properties makes it possible to distinguish remobilized ash flows from eruptive plumes, globally.
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion: An Unlikely Driver of the Regional Trends in Antarctic Sea Ice in Austral Fall in the Late Twentieth Century
Authors: Landrum Laura L. , Holland Marika M. , Raphael Marilyn N. , Polvani Lorenzo M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIt has been suggested that recent regional trends in Antarctic sea ice might have been caused by the formation of the ozone hole in the late twentieth century. Here we explore this by examining two ensembles of a climate model over the ozone hole formation period (1955–2005). One ensemble includes all known historical forcings; the other is identical except for ozone levels, which are fixed at 1955 levels. We demonstrate that the model is able to capture, on interannual and decadal timescales, the observed statistical relationship between summer Amundsen Sea Low strength (when ozone loss causes a robust deepening) and fall sea ice concentrations (when observed trends are largest). In spite of this, the modeled regional trends caused by ozone depletion are found to be almost exactly opposite to the observed ones. We deduce that the regional character of observed sea ice trends is likely not caused by ozone depletion.
Active Tectonics Around Almaty and along the Zailisky Alatau Rangefront
Authors: Grützner C. , Walker R. T. , Abdrakhmatov K. E. , Mukambaev A. , Elliott A. J. , Elliott J. R. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe Zailisky Alatau is a >250 km long mountain range in Southern Kazakhstan. Its northern rangefront around the major city of Almaty has more than 4 km topographic relief, yet in contrast to other large mountain fronts in the Tien Shan, little is known about its Late Quaternary tectonic activity despite several destructive earthquakes in the historical record. We analyze the tectonic geomorphology of the rangefront fault using field observations, differential GPS measurements of fault scarps, historical and recent satellite imagery, meter‐scale topography derived from stereo satellite images, and decimeter‐scale elevation models from unmanned aerial vehicle surveys. Fault scarps ranging in height from ~2 m to >20 m in alluvial fans indicate that surface rupturing earthquakes occurred along the rangefront fault since the Last Glacial Maximum. Minimum estimated magnitudes for those earthquakes areM6.8–7. Radiocarbon dating results from charcoal layers in uplifted river terraces indicate a Holocene slip rate of ~1.2–2.2 mm/a. We find additional evidence for active tectonic deformation all along the Almaty rangefront, basinward in the Kazakh platform, and in the interior of the Zailisky mountain range. Our data indicate that the seismic hazard faced by Almaty comes from a variety of sources, and we emphasize the problems related to urban growth into the loess‐covered foothills and secondary earthquake effects. With our structural and geochronologic framework, we present a schematic evolution of the Almaty rangefront that may be applicable to similar settings of tectonic shortening in the mountain ranges of Central Asia.
Fatigue‐Resistant Bioinspired Graphene‐Based Nanocomposites
Authors: Wan Sijie , Cheng Qunfeng 
Published: October 2017

AbstractGraphene is an attractive building block for constructing functional materials of flexible electronic devices, due to its extraordinary mechanical and electrical properties. Up to now, large amounts of high‐performance graphene‐based nanocomposites are fabricated. However, the fatigue behavior of graphene‐based nanocomposites, a key parameter for flexible electronic devices, is rarely investigated. According to the fatigue mechanisms of thermosetting polymer composites, the fatigue resistance of graphene‐based nanocomposites can be significantly improved by effectively restricting the crack growth. Natural nacre demonstrates unique multisuppression of crack propagation, which is attributed to its sophisticated interfacial architecture over multiple length scales, resulting in remarkable fracture toughness. The crack suppression mechanisms corresponding to different interfacial design strategies within bioinspired graphene‐based nanocomposites (BGBNs) are summarized in this feature article. The static mechanical properties, electrical conductivity, and fatigue resistance of these BGBNs are compared and discussed. The synergistic effect from various interfacial interactions and building blocks is highlighted to serve as the guidance for constructing novel fatigue‐resistant BGBNs. The promising applications of fatigue‐resistant BGBNs in flexible electronic devices are reviewed, and several challenges and corresponding solutions are proposed. The perspective of fatigue‐resistant BGBNs for fundamental research and commercial application is depicted.
Guided Molecular Assembly on a Locally Reactive 2D Material
Authors: Warner Ben , Gill Tobias G. , Caciuc Vasile , Atodiresei Nicolae , Fleurence Antoine , Yoshida Yasuo , Hasegawa Yukio , Blügel Stefan , Yamada‐Takamura Yukiko , Hirjibehedin Cyrus F. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAtomically precise engineering of the position of molecular adsorbates on surfaces of 2D materials is key to their development in applications ranging from catalysis to single‐molecule spintronics. Here, stable room‐temperature templating of individual molecules with localized electronic states on the surface of a locally reactive 2D material, silicene grown on ZrB2, is demonstrated. Using a combination of scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory, it is shown that the binding of iron phthalocyanine (FePc) molecules is mediated via the strong chemisorption of the central Fe atom to the sp3‐like dangling bond of Si atoms in the linear silicene domain boundaries. Since the planar Pc ligand couples to the Fe atom mostly through the in‐plane d orbitals, localized electronic states resembling those of the free molecule can be resolved. Furthermore, rotation of the molecule is restrained because of charge rearrangement induced by the bonding. These results highlight how nanoscale changes can induce reactivity in 2D materials, which can provide unique surface interactions for enabling novel forms of guided molecular assembly.
The Palladium Acetate‐Catalyzed Microwave‐Assisted Hirao Reaction without an Added Phosphorus Ligand as a “Green” Protocol: A Quantum Chemical Study on the Mechanism
Authors: Keglevich György , Henyecz Réka , Mucsi Zoltán , Kiss Nóra Zs. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIt was proved by our experiments that on microwave irradiation, the mono‐ or bidentate phosphorus ligands generally applied in the palladium(II)‐catalyzed P–C coupling reaction of aryl bromides and dialkyl phosphites or secondary phosphine oxides may be substituted by the excess of the >P(O)H reagent that exists under a tautomeric equilibrium. Taking into account that the reduction of the palladium(II) salt and the ligation of the palladium(0) so formed requires 3 equivalents of the P‐species for the catalyst applied in a quantity of 5–10%, all together, 15–30% of the P‐reagent is necessary beyond its stoichiometric quantity. In the coupling reaction of diphenylphosphine oxide, it was possible to apply diethyl phosphite as the reducing agent and as the P‐ligand. The reactivities of the diethyl phosphite and diphenylphosphine oxide reagents were compared in a competitive reaction. The mechanism and the energetics of this new variation of the Hirao reaction of bromobenzene with Y2P(O)H reagents (Y=EtO and Ph) was explored by quantum chemical calculations. The first detailed study on simple reaction models justified our assumption that, under the conditions of the reaction, the trivalent form of the >P(O)H reagent may serve as the P‐ligand in the palladium(0) catalyst, and shed light on the fine mechanism of the reaction sequence. The existence of the earlier described bis(palladium complex) {[H(OPh2P)2PdOAc]2} was refuted by high level theoretical calculations. This kind of complex may be formed only with chloride anions instead of the acetate anion. The interaction of palladium acetate and Y2P(O)H may result in only the formation of the [(HO)Y2P]2Pd complex that is the active catalyst in the Hirao reaction. The new variation of the Hirao reaction is of a more general value, and represents the greenest protocol, as there is no need for the usual P‐ligands. Instead, the >P(O)H reagent should be used in an excess of up to 30%. Hence, the costs and environmental burdens may be decreased.magnified image
Vinylogous Nucleophiles Bearing the Endocyclic Double Bond in the Allylic Alkylation with Morita‐Baylis‐Hillman Carbonates
Authors: Kowalczyk Dorota , Albrecht Łukasz 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis study demonstrates that vinylogous transfer of nucleophilicity in the allylic alkylation with Morita‐Baylis‐Hillman carbonates can be accomplished through the endocyclic double bond in 3‐cyano‐4‐methylcoumarins. The developed reaction provides a straightforward access to functionalized coumarin derivatives of biological and synthetic relevance. Target, highly functionalized products have been chemoselectively and efficiently obtained in very high yield (up to 98%) and with excellent enantioselectivity (up to 99.5:0.5 er).magnified image
3D Hierarchical Core–Shell Nanostructured Arrays on Carbon Fibers as Catalysts for Direct Urea Fuel Cells
Authors: Senthilkumar N. , Gnana kumar G. , Manthiram A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBifunctional cobalt oxide (Co3O4) nanowire catalysts grown on carbon cloth (CC) fibers and their modification with nickel oxide (NiO) and manganese dioxide (MnO2) to produce core–shell nanoarchitectures are explored as catalysts for urea oxidation reaction and oxygen reduction reaction in direct urea fuel cells (DUFC). Based on a systematic electrochemical characterization of the catalyst, the as‐developed core–shell nanoarchitectures are optimized toward DUFC performance. Under alkaline conditions with an anion exchange membrane, the DUFC with a cell configuration of Co3O4@NiO(1:2)/CC(a|c)Co3O4@MnO2(1:2)/CC exhibits a maximum power density of 33.8 mW cm−2 with excellent durability for 120 h without any performance loss. Furthermore, the DUFC exhibits a maximum power density of 23.2 mW cm−2 with human urine as a fuel. These findings offer an approach to convert human waste into treasure.
Further consideration of the curvature of the Neandertal Femur
Authors: Chapman Tara , Sholukha Victor , Semal Patrick , Louryan Stéphane , Van Sint Jan Serge 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectivesNeandertal femora are particularly known for having a marked sagittal femoral curvature. This study examined femoral curvature in Neandertals in comparison to a modern human population from Belgium by the use of three‐dimensional (3D) quadric surfaces modeled from the bone surface. 3D models provide detailed information and enabled femoral curvature to be analyzed in conjunction with other morphological parameters.Materials and Methods3D models were created from CT scans of 75 modern human femora and 7 Neandertal femora. Quadric surfaces (QS) were created from the triangulated surface vertices in all areas of interest (neck, head, diaphyseal shaft, condyles) extracted from previously placed anatomical landmarks. The diaphyseal shaft was divided into five QS shapes and curvature was measured by degrees of difference between QS shapes. Each bone was placed in a local coordinate system enabling each bone to be analyzed in the same way.ResultsThe use of 3D quadric surface fitting allowed the distribution of curvature with similarly curved femora to be analyzed and the different patterns of curvature between the two groups to be determined. The Neandertals were shown to have a higher degree of femoral curvature and a more distal point of femoral curvature than the modern human population from Belgium.ConclusionsMorphological aspects of the Neandertal femur are different from this modern human population although mainly seem unrelated to femoral curvature. The relative lack of correlations with other femoral bony morphological factors suggests femoral curvature variations may be related to other aspects.
Evolving Accelerated Amidation by SpyTag/SpyCatcher to Analyze Membrane Dynamics
Authors: Keeble Anthony H. , Banerjee Anusuya , Ferla Matteo P. , Reddington Samuel C. , Anuar Irsyad N. A. Khairil , Howarth Mark 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSpyTag is a peptide that forms a spontaneous amide bond with its protein partner SpyCatcher. This protein superglue is a broadly useful tool for molecular assembly, locking together biological building blocks efficiently and irreversibly in diverse architectures. We initially developed SpyTag and SpyCatcher by rational design, through splitting a domain from a Gram‐positive bacterial adhesin. In this work, we established a phage‐display platform to select for specific amidation, leading to an order of magnitude acceleration for interaction of the SpyTag002 variant with the SpyCatcher002 variant. We show that the 002 pair bonds rapidly under a wide range of conditions and at either protein terminus. SpyCatcher002 was fused to an intimin derived from enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. SpyTag002 reaction enabled specific and covalent decoration of intimin for live cell fluorescent imaging of the dynamics of the bacterial outer membrane as cells divide.