bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical Abuse of People with Intellectual and Other Developmental Disabilities in Residential Care
Authors: Lund Emily M. , Sabey Christian V. , Thomas Katie B. , Bouchard Lauren M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAbuse of individuals with disabilities is a major issue. This is especially true in institutional and residential settings, where patients may be heavily dependent on caregivers for assistance with daily life activities. Individuals with intellectual or developmental disabilities may be at particularly high risk for abuse due to difficulties communicating or recognizing abuse. Both psychoeducational and behavioral interventions show promise for increasing abuse awareness and teaching safety skills in this populations. Additionally, aggressive behavior toward treatment staff and other patients by patients with intellectual disabilities is a common concern, especially in high‐risk populations. Behavioral interventions and cognitive–behavioral psychotherapy both show promise for reducing aggressive behavior in these patients. Antipsychotic medications should be used with great caution due to the potential for severe side effects and poor evidence of their effectiveness in reducing aggressive behavior.
Violence in Football (Soccer): Overview, Prevalence, and Risk Factors
Authors: Rookwood Joel , Spaaij Ramón 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Football (soccer) has been associated with several forms of violence. Various instances have been recorded implicating players, but such forms of disorder have been more prevalent involving supporters, particularly against fellow fans and the police. “Football hooliganism” has often been employed as a label for violent fan disorder. The phenomenon is sometimes referred to as the “English disease” although it has proved a serious social problem across various countries. Violent football groups or “firms” have developed particular labels and practices, and hooliganism has resulted in injuries and fatalities as well as damage to property. There have been extensive football‐specific legislative and police responses, particularly following tragedies and high‐profile incidents of violence at football megaevents. This chapter examines the nature and development of football violence in modern professional football across various countries, exploring multiple definitional, legal, and theoretical positions and the prevalence, risk, and impact of football hooliganism.
Promoting Positive Youth Development in Community‐Wide Efforts as an Approach to Preventing and Reducing Violence
Authors: Dymnicki Allison B. , Osher David M. , Zimmerman Marc 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Positive youth development (PYD) is an assets‐based ecological approach focused on creating supportive environments that provide youth with opportunities to engage, develop, and demonstrate competence. We present a set of PYD skills, experiences, and behaviors that includes five internal assets (i.e., positive values, developed emotional processes, cognitive skills, social and interpersonal skills, and academic and vocational skills) and three external assets (i.e., characteristics of supportive environments, trusting relationships, and opportunities to contribute and lead). Critical elements of community‐wide PYD efforts include developing PYD‐related skills and competencies of key stakeholders, developing PYD‐related partnerships across multiple community sectors, and building infrastructure within sectors to support long‐term PYD‐oriented change. Examples are provided along with challenges and future directions.
Police Violence: The Case of
I
ndigenous
A
ustralians
Authors: Cunneen Chris 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
This chapter analyses police violence in relation to Indigenous people in Australia. It uses a broad concept of violence to include physical violence and other forms of ill‐treatment. Such an approach is consistent with international human rights standards. An important part of the consideration of police violence includes reference to obligations to provide a duty of care to those in custody. The policing of Indigenous people and the use of violence are contextualized within a broader framework of colonial relations.
Does Modifying Media Reduce Aggression and Violence? Implementation Science and Community‐Wide Media Interventions
Authors: Lennings Heidi Brummert , Franks Robert P. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA vast literature suggests a link between exposure to media violence and varying levels of aggression in children, adolescents, and adults. This link fits within a risk model in which exposure to media violence increases the likelihood of aggression but does not solely cause aggressive outcomes in the absence of other risk factors. Research studies originating in the 1950s and spanning six decades have suggested a number of possible modifications to media to reduce detrimental effects on the individual. There are also recommendations for interventions that focus on reducing violent media exposure and increase consumers' critical appraisal of violent media. These research sources provide an opportunity for the design of intervention programs to reduce aggressive responding and to increase prosocial behavior. In order to successfully address the need for such interventions, an integration of the study of media violence and implementation science is warranted in both the development and the evaluation of community‐wide media interventions. The implementation tool theory of change is also introduced.
Coping with Bullying, and Promoting Well‐Being and Positive Peer Relations
Authors: Slee Phillip T. , Skrzypiec Grace , Cefai Carmel , Fabri Francis 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis intervention involves pre‐ and posttest data collection using a purpose‐designed well‐being questionnaire. The Coping with Bullying and Wellbeing Intervention (CWBWI) is an evidence‐based Australian school program. It focuses on teaching young people to cope with bullying and to develop positive peer relations. The school‐based intervention—implemented by teachers and embedded in the curriculum—adopts a systemic model to reduce bullying and promote well‐being. It is implemented as a whole‐school approach to the problem and incorporates lesson plans, a DVD, and professional development. In this chapter the authors describe the outcomes of the intervention conducted in Malta with Form 1 (Year 8) adolescents (approximately 1,500 students). The intervention resulted in a significant reduction in self‐reported victimization among “seriously bullied” students and a positive increase in their coping skills. The findings are evaluated in the light of international research in the field.
Plastid Development and Differentiation
Authors: Waters Mark , Pyke Kevin 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionMeristematic ProplastidsChloroplast Biogenesis and Cell DifferentiationStromules: An Enigmatic Feature of Plastid DevelopmentAmyloplast DifferentiationRoot PlastidsChromoplasts in Fruit and FlowersFuture Prospects
Plastid Metabolic Pathways
Authors: Tetlow Ian J. , Rawsthorne Stephen , Raines Christine , Emes Michael J. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionCarbon AssimilationPhotorespirationNitrogen Assimilation and Amino Acid BiosynthesisSynthesis of Fatty AcidsStarch MetabolismGlycolysisThe Oxidative Pentose–Phosphate PathwayPlastid Metabolite Transport SystemsConclusion
The Protein Import Pathway into Chloroplasts: A Single Tune or Variations on a Common Theme?
Authors: Vothknecht Ute C. , Soll Jürgen 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionCytosolic TargetingThe General Import PathwayStromal Processes Involved in Chloroplast Protein ImportThe General Import Pathway: Really General?Conclusion and Future Prospects
Lessons from the Vegetative Shoot Apex
Authors: Golz John F. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionStructure of the Angiosperm Shoot Apical MeristemPericlinal Chimaeras Reveal a Role for Signalling in Plant DevelopmentSignalling Involved in Meristem MaintenanceMaintaining Indeterminate Cells in the Meristem Requires Homeobox GenesInteractions betweenKNOXGenes and Hormones Regulate Meristem ActivitySignals Involved in Organ FormationSignalling between Organ Primordia and the MeristemConclusionAcknowledgements
Leaf Architecture: Regulation of Leaf Position, Shape and Internal Structure
Authors: Kang Julie , Dengler Nancy G. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionPhyllotaxisLeaf InitiationDevelopment of Leaf SymmetryDevelopment of Simple Leaf ArchitectureDevelopment of Compound Leaf ArchitectureLeaf ExpansionDevelopment of Internal Leaf ArchitectureConcluding Remarks
Shoot ArchitectureI: Regulation of Stem Length
Authors: Ross John J. , Reid James B. , Weller James L. , Symons Gregory M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionPlant Growth Hormones and Genes Regulating Their LevelsHormone Signal TransductionDwarfism not Mediated by HormonesThe Green RevolutionInteractions between HormonesRegulation of Stem Length by Environmental FactorsConcluding Discussion – are Hormones Regulators of Plant Growth or Merely Permissive Factors?Acknowledgements
Copper‐Catalyzed Cascade Cyclization of 2‐Propynolphenols: Access to 4‐Phosphorylated 2H‐Chromenes
Authors: Li Ren , Chen Xi , Song Xian‐Rong , Ding Haixin , Wang Pengyang , Xiao Qiang , Liang Yong‐Min 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA novel copper‐catalyzed cascade cyclization of easily prepared 2‐propynolphenols with disubstituted phosphine oxides has been developed to give 4‐phosphorylated 2H‐chromenes in moderate to excellent yields. This cascade process involves multiple bond‐forming events including C–O and C–P bonds. Moreover, both tertiary and secondary propargylic alcohols with diverse functional groups showed excellent compatibilities under ligand‐ and additive‐free conditions.magnified image
High‐Performance CsPb1−xSnxBr3 Perovskite Quantum Dots for Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Wang Hung‐Chia , Wang Weigao , Tang An‐Cih , Tsai Hsin‐Yu , Bao Zhen , Ihara Toshiyuki , Yarita Naoki , Tahara Hirokazu , Kanemitsu Yoshihiko , Chen Shuming , Liu Ru‐Shi 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAll inorganic CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dots (QDs) are potential emitters for electroluminescent displays. We have developed a facile hot‐injection method to partially replace the toxic Pb2+ with highly stable Sn4+. Meanwhile, the absolute photoluminescence quantum yield of CsPb1−xSnxBr3 increased from 45 % to 83 % with SnIV substitution. The transient absorption (TA) exciton dynamics in undoped CsPbBr3 and CsPb0.67Sn0.33Br3 QDs at various excitation fluences were determined by femtosecond transient absorption, time‐resolved photoluminescence, and single‐dot spectroscopy, providing clear evidence for the suppression of trion generation by Sn doping. These highly luminescent CsPb0.67Sn0.33Br3 QDs emit at 517 nm. A device based on these QDs exhibited a luminance of 12 500 cd m−2, a current efficiency of 11.63 cd A−1, an external quantum efficiency of 4.13 %, a power efficiency of 6.76 lm w−1, and a low turn‐on voltage of 3.6 V, which are the best values among reported tin‐based perovskite quantum‐dot LEDs.
Impacts of Late School Entry on Children's Cognitive Development in Rural Northwestern China—Does Preprimary Education Matter?
Authors: Chen Qihui 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis article estimates the causal effect of primary school entry age on children's cognitive development in rural northwestern China, using data on nearly 1,800 primary school aged children from the Gansu Survey of Children and Families. Instrumental variable estimates, exploiting the discontinuity structure in children's school entry age around the enrolment cut‐off date, indicate that a 1‐year delay in school entry reduces children's scores on a cognitive ability test administered when they were aged 9–12 by 0.11–0.16 standard deviations (of the distribution of test scores). The negative late‐school‐entry effect is significantly larger in villages with no preprimary schools. It also persists as children advance to higher grades. These findings suggest that delayed school entry, even if it may be rural parents' rational response to resource constraints, can be harmful for children's cognitive development in developing areas with underdeveloped preprimary school systems.
Developmental Morphology and Topography of the Components of the Cervical Sympathetic Trunk in Sheep (Ovis aries) During the Fetal Period
Authors: Nourinezhad Jamal , Bamohabat Saleh , Mazaheri Yazdan 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to clarify the typical architecture and morphological variations of cervical sympathetic trunk (CST) in sheep during fetal period. Components of CST were examined on both sides of 40 male and female sheep fetuses aged from 60 to 140 days under a stereomicroscope. Skeletotopy and frequency of presence of cranial cervical ganglion (CCG), syntopy of cervical ganglia, and composition and topography of vagosympathetic trunk were consistent among specimens whereas the shape of cervical ganglia, the skeletotopy and number of three middle cervical ganglia (MG), and the frequency of communicating branches of CCG to the first cervical spinal nerve exhibited differences during fetal period. A reduction in the number of MG and the caudal movement of main MG were noted by increasing fetal age. Based on these detailed findings, comparative and developmental anatomy and evolutionary changes are discussed and compared with previous studies. The number of MG, skeletotopy of CCG and main MG, the number and range of communicating branches of CCG to spinal nerves, and the association of vagus and sympathetic nerves in fetal sheep were fundamentally different from those of mostly reported species. These results suggest that data obtained from CST of fetal sheep are significantly different from those obtained from humans, and it is problematic to apply them to humans because of the more cranial position of CCG, very narrow contribution of CCG to spinal nerve, absence of the vertebral ganglion, existence of multiple MG, and no communicating branches from MG to spinal nerves. Anat Rec, 300:2250–2262, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Glucose‐stimulated insulin release: Parallel perifusion studies of free and hydrogel encapsulated human pancreatic islets
Authors: Buchwald Peter , Tamayo‐Garcia Alejandro , Manzoli Vita , Tomei Alice A. , Stabler Cherie L. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractTo explore the effects immune‐isolating encapsulation has on the insulin secretion of pancreatic islets and to improve our ability to quantitatively describe the glucose‐stimulated insulin release (GSIR) of pancreatic islets, we conducted dynamic perifusion experiments with isolated human islets. Free (unencapsulated) and hydrogel encapsulated islets were perifused, in parallel, using an automated multi‐channel system that allows sample collection with high temporal resolution. Results indicated that free human islets secrete less insulin per unit mass or islet equivalent (IEQ) than murine islets and with a less pronounced first‐phase peak. While small microcapsules (d = 700 µm) caused only a slightly delayed and blunted first‐phase insulin response compared to unencapsulated islets, larger capsules (d = 1,800 µm) completely blunted the first‐phase peak and decreased the total amount of insulin released. Experimentally obtained insulin time‐profiles were fitted with our complex insulin secretion computational model. This allowed further fine‐tuning of the hormone‐release parameters of this model, which was implemented in COMSOL Multiphysics to couple hormone secretion and nutrient consumption kinetics with diffusive and convective transport. The results of these GSIR experiments, which were also supported by computational modeling, indicate that larger capsules unavoidably lead to dampening of the first‐phase insulin response and to a sustained‐release type insulin secretion that can only slowly respond to changes in glucose concentration. Bioartificial pancreas type devices can provide long‐term and physiologically desirable solutions only if immunoisolation and biocompatibility considerations are integrated with optimized nutrient diffusion and insulin release characteristics by design.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel 1‐(4‐(Hydroxy(1‐oxo‐1,3‐dihydro‐2H‐inden‐2‐ylidene)methyl)phenyl)‐3‐phenylurea Derivatives
Authors: Gezegen Hayreddin , Hepokur Ceylan , Tutar Uğur , Ceylan Mustafa 
Published: September 2017

A series of novel phenylurea containing 2‐benzoylindan‐1‐one derivatives 3a – 3j were synthesized from the reaction of phenylurea‐substituted acetophenones 1a – 1j with phthalaldehyde 2 under mild reaction conditions in good yields. All synthesized compounds were characterized by spectroscopic methods. The obtained compounds (3a – 3j) were evaluated for anticancer activity against HeLa and C6 cell lines. Antiproliferative activity was determined by the BrdU proliferation ELISA assay, 3f and 3g were found to be most active compounds. The compounds were also screened for antimicrobial activity and all compounds showed remarkable activity against used microorganisms.
Proactive use of eltrombopag before the onset of clinical bleeding in two children with immune thrombocytopenia and lifestyle restrictions
Authors: Bergmann Shayla 
Published: September 2017

Key Clinical MessageChildren with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) are often managed using a watch‐and‐wait approach to avoid conventional treatment that may be poorly tolerated. However, in some patients, this approach may lead to lifestyle restrictions due to risk of injury‐related bleeding. Eltrombopag is a well‐tolerated new option that may help these children.
A rare case of CD1a‐negative Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the central nervous system in a child
Authors: Powell Priscilla , Vitug Gaile , Castro‐Silva Fernando , Ray Anish 
Published: September 2017

Key Clinical MessageLangerhans cell histiocytosis is a dendritic cell disorder with a wide spectrum of severity and presentations. Histopathology typically demonstrates a proliferation of Langerhans cells and a lymphohistiocytic inflammatory infiltrate with eosinophils. The diagnosis is supported by immunohistochemistry with the cell markers S100, CD1a, CD68, and Langerin [Blood, 126, 2015, 26 and N Engl J Med, 331, 1994, 154].
On the Redox Reactivity of a Geometrically Constrained Phosphorus(III) Compound
Authors: Robinson Thomas P. , De Rosa Daniel , Aldridge Simon , Goicoechea Jose M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe reactivity of a geometrically constrained phosphorus(III) complex bearing the N,N‐bis(3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐2‐phenolate)amide pincer ligand (P(ONO); 1) towards oxidants and reductants is explored. This compound can be readily oxidized to the phosphorus(V) dihalo‐derivatives P(ONO)X2 where X=Cl (2), Br (3) and I (4). Attempts at isolating the analogous difluoride through oxidation of 1 were unsuccessful yielding only the hydrofluoride P(ONO)(H)F (5), however P(ONO)F2 (6) can be accessed via a halide exchange reaction of 2 with KF. Compound 2 can be employed as a precursor to novel cationic species through chloride ion displacement using strong Lewis bases. Thus, reaction of 2 with two or three molar equivalents of dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) affords [P(ONO)(Cl)(DMAP)2]+ (7) and [P(ONO)(DMAP)3]2+ (8). Reaction of 2 with the weaker bidentate base 2,2′‐bipyridine (bipy) affords [P(ONO)(Cl)(bipy)]+ (9), although this species was only accessible upon addition of a halide abstracting agent. The dicationic tris(pyridine) adduct [P(ONO)(py)3]2+ (10) is also accessible by reaction of 4 with pyridine. Oxidation of 1 using oxygen gas proceeds slowly and allows for the observation of two compounds, a mixed valence dimeric phosphorus(III)/phosphorus(V) compound [P(ONO)(μ2‐O)(μ2:κ1,κ2‐ONO)P] (11) and the fully oxidized species [P(ONO)(μ2‐O)(μ2:κ1,κ2‐ONO)P(O)] (12). Finally, reaction of 1 using KC8 results in the dimerization of the putative radical anion [P(ONO)].− through formation of a P−P bond to afford [P(ONO)]22− (13). Reactions with TEMPO result in the formation of the trigonal bipyramidal species P(ONO)(TEMPO)2 (14).
Seasonal variation in hospitalization outcomes in patients admitted for heart failure in the United States
Authors: Akintoye Emmanuel , Briasoulis Alexandros , Egbe Alexander , Adegbala Oluwole , Alliu Samson , Sheikh Muhammad , Singh Manmohan , Ahmed Abdelrahman , Mallikethi‐Reddy Sagar , Levine Diane 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundThere is lack of evidence of the impact of varying season on heart failure (HF) hospitalization outcomes in the U.S.HypothesisHF hospitalization outcomes exhibit significant seasonal variation in the U.S.MethodsUsing data from the National Inpatient Sample (2011‐2013), seasonal variation was classified based on meteorological classification of Northern Hemisphere–Spring, Summer, Fall, & Winter–and analysis was conducted via multivariable‐adjusted mixed‐effect model.ResultsAn estimated 2.8 million adults were hospitalized for HF in the U.S. from 2011 to 2013. Of all hospitalizations, admissions were highest in Winter (27%), followed by Spring (26%), Fall (24%), and Summer (23%). The overall mortality rate was 3.1%. Compared with Spring, there was significantly lower mortality in Summer (odds ratio [OR]: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.91‐0.99) and Fall (OR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.89‐0.98), but the highest mortality was in Winter (OR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.02‐1.11). In addition, mean length of stay and median cost of hospitalization were highest in Winter (5.3 days, USD7459, respectively) and lowest in Summer (5.1 days, USD7181, respectively). However, age and sex differences existed (e.g. seasonal variation in inpatient mortality was only significant for patients age ≥65 years, and, comparedwith the Spring season, males had higher risk of inpatient mortality in Winter (OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.04‐1.17) and females had lower risk of inpatient mortality in Summer (OR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.88‐1.00) and Fall (OR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.87‐0.98).ConclusionsAmong HF patients in the U.S., hospitalization outcomes were worse in Winter but better in Summer.
Sulfocoumarin‐, Coumarin‐, 4‐Sulfamoylphenyl‐Bearing Indazole‐3‐carboxamide Hybrids: Synthesis and Selective Inhibition of Tumor‐Associated Carbonic Anhydrase Isozymes IX and XII
Authors: Angapelly Srinivas , Sri Ramya P. V. , Angeli Andrea , Supuran Claudiu T. , Arifuddin Mohammed 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA series of sulfocoumarin‐, coumarin‐, and 4‐sulfamoylphenyl‐bearing indazole‐3‐carboxamide hybrids were synthesized and investigated as inhibitors of the human carbonic anhydrase (hCA, EC 4.2.1.1) isoforms I and II (cytosolic isozymes), as well as hCA IX and XII (transmembrane, tumor‐associated enzymes). Compounds 6 a–g (amide derivatives) and 7 a–h (triazoles) act as “prodrugs”, and their hydrolysis products are the de facto CA inhibitors. These compounds displayed sub‐micromolar to high‐nanomolar inhibitory activity against hCA isoforms IX and XII, which were recently validated as antitumor drug targets. Moreover, no inhibition of the off‐target hCA I and II isoforms was observed. Compounds 8 a–f (another set of triazoles) exhibited nanomolar inhibition against hCA isoforms I, II, IX and XII, among which compounds 8 c, 8 d, and 8 f were found to inhibit the tumor‐associated hypoxia‐induced hCA isoform IX with Ki values of 1.8, 2.3, and 2.0 nm respectively. Further exploration of these compounds could be useful for the development of novel antitumor agents with selective mechanisms of CA inhibitory action.