bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Some Indigenous Plant Extracts for Suppressing <i>Bipolaris sorokiniana</i> in Wheat Seed
Authors: Panna Rokshana , Aminuzzaman FM , Islam MR , Bhuyan MHM Borhannuddin 
Published: March 2016

Studies were conducted in the Seed Pathology Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University to evaluate some indigenous plant extracts on the incidence of Bipolaris sorokiniana of wheat and seed germination. Seed treated with plant extracts reduced the incidence of Bipolaris sorokiniana. The lowest incidence was counted (12.33%) in seeds treated with Burmuda grass extracts (1:2W/V). While the highest seed germination (99.60%) was recorded in seeds treated with this grass extract followed by 99.33% germination in seeds treated with Neem leaf extract (1:2W/V), 98.00% with nut sedge grass rhizome extract (1:2 W/V), 87.67% with Allamanda leaf extract (1:2W/V). Comparatively the lowest incidence of Bipolaris sorokiniana (14.00%) was observed in seeds treated with Neem leaf extracts (1:2W/V) followed by 14.50% in seeds treated with Nut sedge grass rhizome extracts (1:2W/V), Black cumin seed extracts (15.20%) and Allamanda leaf extract (24.00%).
‘What I want is the straws, flotsam, etc.’: Beckett and the Nominalist Ethic of Humility
Authors: Phillips Holly 
Published: March 2016

In the ‘German Letter’ of 1937 Beckett hints that a ‘nominalist irony’ may be a necessary stage in his ultimate aim ‘to get at the things (or the Nothingness) behind language’. As Beckett's letter attests, the perennial debate between Nominalism and Realism reached its height in the Scholastic period. Matthew Feldman has shown convincingly that Beckett's own ‘Philosophy Notes’ from the early 1930s onwards revolve specifically around the doctrine of Nominalism. With its internal threats of atheism, pessimism, and nihilism, Nominalism certainly seems like a good fit for Beckett. However, aligning Beckett too closely with Nominalism obscures both the ‘irony’ that his letter shackles to the term, and the fact that Beckett always observed the oxymoronic duties of a ‘systematic sceptic’. Beckett could no more accept the ‘authentic’ particular, than he could the ‘transcendent’ universal. However, far from observing the silence of this mute impasse between the particular and universal, Beckett felt keenly the obligation to express.This essay explores how Beckett transformed his meticulous study of the controversy of universals into an aesthetic strategy: the Nominalist ethic. Examining text and manuscript, this essay argues that Beckett's growing sense of humility, shaped by his reading on Christian mystic Thomas à Kempis' humilitas, encouraged him to embrace Nominalist particulars (the straws, flotsam, births, deaths etc.) as entities of the lowest ontological kind. In the bare particulars of the Nominalist ethic he found a minimally acceptable literary method of going on, without going on. This essay will address the three main ways that the Nominalist ethic manifests in Beckett's writing: in his pronounced linguistic scepticism, in his attack on anthropomorphism, and, finally, in the casual inertness that is a as a condition of his writing.
Reorganizing the Management of Specialist Uro-Andrologic Ultrasound Health-Care Service: Impact on Professional Quality
Authors: Dell'Atti Lucio , Russo Gian Rosario 
Published: March 2016

Introduction. The process of organizing a ultrasound service nowadays can be improved by properly managing the user's request, the speed of response and safety, the standardization of methods and skills. Materials and Methods. The outpatients at our uro-andrologic ultrasound clinic (O.U. of Urology in Ferrara) received a questionnaire each; we administered a total of 640 questionnaires. The number of questionnaires collected was 532. Patients were asked to give an assessment of services using a qualitative method according to a 4-parameter response scale: very satisfied, satisfied, dissatisfied, very dissatisfied. Results. The identification of indicators to be monitored by the user's perceived quality was accomplished by establishing the correlation coefficient between different parameters of analysis and an overall rating of the sample. Some of these parameters were: the relationship with the practitioner, the availability of doctors, the ability of doctors for reassurance, the completeness of information and facilities hygiene conditions. When these parameters vary, positively or negatively, also the citizen's overall opinion changes. Conclusions. The customer satisfaction is an important component of the quality of care, it represents both an indicator of the effectiveness of health intervention and the ability to meet quality requirements of the health service organization. The objective of an ultrasound service should be to provide, within a reasonable timeframe, the supply of high quality with qualified personnel, with adequate tools and procedures.
A Case of Giant Cell Tumor of the Hipbone Invading the Bladder
Authors: Iacono Fabrizio , Ruffo Antonio , Di Lauro Giovanni , Romis Leo , Illiano Ester , Prezioso Domenico 
Published: March 2016

Giant Cell Tumor of Bone (GCTB) is a very rare neoplasm of the skeleton (about one new case per million population per year). In literature there is a great confusion about GCTB. The majority of authors think that GCTB is a benign locally aggressive tumor, others think that this is a malignant neoplasm and some authors think that GCTB is a reactive condition. This is the first case in literature of GCTB of the Hipbone invading the Bladder.
Impactos locais e inter-regionais no emprego e na renda da agropecuária no Estado do Paraná.
Authors: Esteves Emerson Guzzi Zuan , Michellon Ednaldo , Alves Alexandre Florindo , Sesso-Filho Umberto Antonio , Amaral Antônio Edson 
Published: March 2016

O objetivo desse estudo é analisar o panorama do setor da agropecuária paranaense, seus impactos locais e inter-regionais, multiplicadores de emprego e renda, bem como os índices de ligação para frente e para trás e geração de emprego. O setor da agropecuária empregou 4,16% dos trabalhadores formais do Estado em 2009, destacando-se como um dos mais importantes. A teoria insumo-produto é uma ferramenta de análise da estrutura da economia, que permite a estimativa de indicadores econômicos. A metodologia aplicada agregou as 42 categorias da MIP de 1995 e 2009 para 20 setores, ajuste necessário tendo em vista as aptidões locais e a compatibilização com os dados das 87 categorias da CNAE. Dos resultados conclui-se que a agropecuária do Paraná oscilou nos indicadores entre 1995 e 2009, entretanto com desempenho melhor do que o encontrado no Restante do Brasil, reforçando a importância do setor no plano estadual. Destaque para o multiplicador de emprego que no período analisado aumentou seu valor de 1,68 para 1,84; sendo que na média dos setores houve uma queda na economia paranaense de 2,60 para 2,19.
The Efficacy of Transverse Fixation and Early Exercise in the Treatment of Fourth Metacarpal Bone Fractures
Authors: Moon Suk-Ho , Kim Hak-Soo , Jung Sung-No , Kwon Ho 
Published: March 2016

Background Several techniques have been designed to treat fifth metacarpal fractures reported to be effective. However, these methods cannot be easily applied to the fourth metacarpal due to its central anatomical position. In this study, we sought to analyze the functional outcomes of patients who underwent transverse pinning for a fourth metacarpal bone fracture.
Methods A total of 21 patients were selected and their charts were retrospectively reviewed. After fracture reduction, two transverse Kirchner wires were first inserted from the fifth metacarpal to the third metacarpal transversely at the distal part of the fractured bone, and then another two wires were inserted at the proximal part of the fractured bone. The splint was removed approximately one week postoperatively and the Kirchner wires were removed four to five weeks postoperatively. Patients started active and passive exercise one week after the operation. Pain visual analog scores, total active and passive motion, and the active and passive range of motion of the metacarpophalangeal joint and grip strength were evaluated.
Results Dorsal angulation improved from a preoperative value of 44.2° to a postoperative value of 5.9°. Six weeks after surgery, functional recovery parameters, such as range of motion and grip strength, had improved to 98% of the function of the normal side. No major complication was observed.
Conclusions We suggest that the transverse pinning of fourth metacarpal bone fractures is an effective treatment option that is less invasive than other procedures, easy to perform, requires no secondary surgery, minimizes joint and soft tissue injury, and allows early mobilization.
Photochemical response of the nighttime mesosphere to electric field heating—Onset of electron density enhancements
Authors: Kotovsky D. A. , Moore R. C. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractOnsets of electron density enhancements in the upper nighttime mesosphere produced by electric field heating of electrons are examined using a photochemical model that accounts for 29 dynamic species via a set of 156 reactions. Physical mechanisms are identified which result in electron density enhancements that continuously increase for up to several seconds after electric field heating, establishing the conditions under which early VLF scattering is either “fast” (<20 ms) or slower(>20 ms, including “slow,” ≥500 ms). During heating, O− ions are produced by heterolysis, e− + O2 → e− + O− + O+, and dissociative attachment, e−+ O2 → O− + O. Following heating, a significant proportion of O− ions associatively detach with molecular oxygen, O− + O2 → O3 + e−, and atomic oxygen, O− + O → O2 + e−. If enough O− ions are produced during heating such that O− detachment exceeds electron loss (predominantly attachment, e− + O3 →
+ O, and/or electron‐ion recombination), electron densities will continue to increase after heating has ended. Consequently, the total risetime of electron density enhancements produced by electric field heating is controlled by the duration of the electric field heating and (in some cases) the effects of O− detachment following heating.
Frictional strength of ground dolerite gouge at a wide range of slip rates
Authors: Wada Jun‐ichi , Kanagawa Kyuichi , Kitajima Hiroko , Takahashi Miki , Inoue Atsuyuki , Hirose Takehiro , Ando Jun‐ichi , Noda Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe conducted a series of rotary‐shear friction experiments on ground dolerite gouges, in which the amount of adsorbed moisture increases with grinding time (tgr), at room temperature and humidity, a normal stress of 2 MPa, and constant equivalent slip rates (Veqs) ranging from 20 µm/s to 1.3 m/s. Their frictional strength changed with Veq and tgr in three different ways depending on Veq and the gouge temperature (T). At Veq ≤ 1.3 cm/s, T did not exceed 80°C, and the steady state friction coefficient (μss) ranged from 0.59 to 0.80. μss changes little with Veq, while μss at a given Veq systematically increases with tgr probably due to moisture‐adsorbed strengthening of gouges. At Veq = 4 cm/s, T exceeded 100°C, and dehydration of gouges resulted in roughly the same μss values (0.60–0.66) among gouges with different periods of tgr. At Veq ≥ 13 cm/s, T reached 160–500°C, and μss dramatically decreases with Veq to 0.08–0.26 at Veq = 1.3 m/s, while μss at a given Veq systematically decreases with tgr. At these fast Veqs, dehydration of gouges likely occurred too fast for water vapor to completely escape out from the gouge layer. Therefore, faster dehydration at faster Veq possibly resulted in a larger pore pressure increase and lower frictional strength. In addition, because gouges with longer periods of tgr contain larger amounts of adsorbed moisture, they became weaker due to larger increases in pore pressure and hence larger amounts of reduction in frictional strength.
The immediate and prolonged effects of climate extremes on soil respiration in a mesic grassland
Authors: Hoover David L. , Knapp Alan K. , Smith Melinda D. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe predicted increase in the frequency and intensity of climate extremes is expected to impact terrestrial carbon fluxes to the atmosphere, potentially changing ecosystems from carbon sinks to sources, with positive feedbacks to climate change. As the second largest terrestrial carbon flux, soil CO2efflux or soil respiration (Rs) is strongly influenced by soil temperature and moisture. Thus, climate extremes such as heat waves and extreme drought should have substantial impacts onRs. We investigated the effects of such climate extremes on growing seasonRsin a mesic grassland by experimentally imposing 2 years of extreme drought combined with midsummer heat waves. After this 2 year period, we continued to measureRsduring a recovery year. Two consecutive drought years reducedRsby about 25% each growing season; however, when normal rainfall returned during the recovery year, formerly droughted plots had higher rates ofRsthan control plots (up to +17%). The heat wave treatments had no effect onRs, alone or when combined with drought, and during the growing season, soil moisture was the primary driver ofRswith little evidence forRstemperature sensitivity. When compared to aboveground net primary production, growing seasonRswas much less sensitive to drought but was more responsive postdrought. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that ecosystems become sources of CO2during drought because carbon inputs (production) are decreased relatively more than outputs (respiration). Moreover, stimulation ofRspostdrought may lengthen the time required for net carbon exchange to return to predrought levels.
A revised surface age for the North Polar Layered Deposits of Mars
Authors: Landis Margaret E. , Byrne Shane , Daubar Ingrid J. , Herkenhoff Kenneth E. , Dundas Colin M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe North Polar Layered Deposits (NPLD) of Mars contain a complex stratigraphy that has been suggested to retain a record of past eccentricity‐ and obliquity‐forced climate changes. The surface accumulation rate in the current climate can be constrained by the crater retention age. We scale NPLD crater diameters to account for icy target strength and compare surface age using a new production function for recent small impacts on Mars to the previously used model of Hartmann (2005). Our results indicate that ice is accumulating in these craters several times faster than previously thought, with a 100 m diameter crater being completely infilled within centuries. Craters appear to have a diameter‐dependent lifetime, but the data also permit a complete resurfacing of the NPLD at ~1.5 ka.
Oceans are a major source of waves in the thermosphere
Authors: Zabotin Nikolay A. , Godin Oleg A. , Bullett Terence W. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractRecent theoretical analysis by Godin et al. (2015) led to the suggestion that infragravity waves (IGWs, i.e., surface gravity waves in the ocean with periods longer than 30 s) can radiate acoustic‐gravity waves (AGWs) and account for a significant part of the wave activity observed in the thermosphere with periods between about 5 min and 3 h. In this paper, we report a strong experimental demonstration of thermospheric waves being driven by the ocean using data from two Deep‐ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis stations located off the US East Coast and Dynasonde radar system located at Wallops Island, Virginia. Over a 9 month observation period, variations of IGW and AGW spectral amplitudes demonstrate large, statistically significant correlation in a broad range of frequencies (0.2–3.2 mHz) and altitudes (140–190 km). Peak correlation values (~0.43) indicate that waves radiated by the ocean represent a major constituent of thermospheric wave activity.
The potential role of irisin in the thermoregulatory responses to mild cold exposure in adults
Authors: Calton Emily K. , Soares Mario J. , James Anthony P. , Woodman Richard J. 
Published: March 2016

ObjectivesTo determine the acute effect of a mild cold exposure on thermoregulatory thermogenesis and the role of circulating irisin in the process.MethodsWe studied 22 adults (9 males, 13 females) aged 57.7 ± 10.07 years and body mass index 27.8 ± 4.52 kg/m2. Participants experienced a 90‐min exposure to 20°C and 25°C in a randomized cross‐over design. Resting metabolic rate (RMR), forearm to finger‐tip gradient (FFG), blood pressure (BP), in‐the‐ear temperature (IET), and fasting bloods were measured on each occasion.ResultsThere were significant increases in FFG [mean ± SD: +3.8 ± 3.0°C, P < 0.001], systolic blood pressure (SBP) [+8 ± 13 mm Hg, P = 0.015], and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) [+4 ± 6 mm Hg, P = 0.005] and decreases in IET [−0.24 ± 0.29°C, P = 0.001]. Overall, RMR [+190 ± 570 kJ/d, P = 0.135], irisin, glucose or insulin did not differ between temperatures. There were no significant between‐gender differences, but males significantly increased SBP (+12 ± 16, P = 0.02) and DBP (+6 ± 7, P = 0.02) with decreases in heart rate (−4 ± 3, P = 0.002), while females did not. Moreover men had approximately 50% higher thermogenic response while women had approximately 25% greater vasoconstrictor response. Adjusted for age, gender, insulin sensitivity, and body composition, fold changes in irisin were inversely related to respiratory quotient (r= −0.54, P = 0.048), while IET was related to FFG (r= −0.55, P = 0.043).ConclusionsMild cold exposure increased vasoconstriction with a drop in IET and these were related. Greater irisin was related to a greater fasting fat oxidation in the absence of shivering. A potential gender bias in thermoregulation was noted. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:699–704, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Smarte elektronische Textilien
Authors: Weng Wei , Chen Peining , He Sisi , Sun Xuemei , Peng Huisheng 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDieser Aufsatz beschreibt den aktuellen Forschungsstand auf dem Gebiet der tragbaren Elektronik (“smarte” Textilien). Wir diskutieren die hauptsächlichen Anwendungsformen smarter elektronischer Textilien zur Erzeugung, Speicherung und Nutzung von Elektrizität mit dem Fokus auf funktionellen Materialien. Ein weiterer wichtiger Aspekt ist die Integration dieser Einzelfunktionen. Verbleibende Herausforderungen werden aufgezeigt und Hinweise für zukünftige Entwicklungsrichtungen gegeben.
A Monooxygenase from Boreostereum vibrans Catalyzes Oxidative Decarboxylation in a Divergent Vibralactone Biosynthesis Pathway
Authors: Yang Yan‐Long , Zhou Hui , Du Gang , Feng Ke‐Na , Feng Tao , Fu Xiao‐Li , Liu Ji‐Kai , Zeng Ying 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe oxidative decarboxylation of prenyl 4‐hydroxybenzoate to prenylhydroquinone has been frequently proposed for the biosynthesis of prenylated (hydro)quinone derivates (sometimes meroterpenoids), yet no corresponding genes or enzymes have so far been reported. A FAD‐binding monooxygenase (VibMO1) was identified that converts prenyl 4‐hydroxybenzoate into prenylhydroquinone and is likely involved in the biosynthesis of vibralactones and other meroterpenoids in the basidiomycete Boreostereum vibrans. Feeding of 3‐allyl‐4‐hydroxybenzylalcohol, an analogue of the vibralactone pathway intermediate 3‐prenyl‐4‐hydroxybenzylalcohol, generated 20 analogues with different scaffolds. This demonstrated divergent pathways to skeletally distinct compounds initiating from a single precursor, thus providing the first insight into a novel biosynthetic pathway for 3‐substituted γ‐butyrolactones from a shikimate origin.
Dirhodium(II)‐Catalyzed Annulation of Enoldiazoacetamides with α‐Diazoketones: An Efficient and Highly Selective Approach to Fused and Bridged Ring Systems
Authors: Cheng Qing‐Qing , Yedoyan Julietta , Arman Hadi , Doyle Michael P. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA dirhodium(II)‐catalyzed annulation reaction between two structurally different diazocarbonyl compounds furnishes the donor–acceptor cyclopropane‐fused benzoxa[3.2.1]octane scaffold with excellent chemo‐, regio‐, and diastereoselectivity under exceptionally mild conditions. The composite transformation occurs by [3+2]‐cycloaddition between donor–acceptor cyclopropenes generated from enoldiazoacetamides and carbonyl ylides formed from intramolecular carbene–carbonyl cyclization in one pot with one catalyst. The annulation products can be readily transformed into benzoxa[3.3.1]nonane and hexahydronaphthofuran derivatives with exact stereocontrol. This method allows the efficient construction of three fused and bridged ring systems, all of which are important skeletons of numerous biologically active natural products.
Potassium 4,4′‐Bis(dinitromethyl)‐3,3′‐azofurazanate: A Highly Energetic 3D Metal–Organic Framework as a Promising Primary Explosive
Authors: Tang Yongxing , He Chunlin , Mitchell Lauren A. , Parrish Damon A. , Shreeve Jean'ne M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractEnvironmentally acceptable alternatives to toxic lead‐based primary explosives are becoming increasingly important for energetic materials. In this study, potassium 4,4′‐bis(dinitromethyl)‐3,3′‐azofurazanate, comprising two dinitromethyl groups and an azofurazan moiety, was synthesized and isolated as a new energetic 3D metal–organic framework (MOF). Several attractive properties, including a density of 2.039 g cm−3, a decomposition temperature of 229 °C, a detonation velocity of 8138 m s−1, a detonation pressure of 30.1 GPa, an impact sensitivity of 2 J, and friction sensitivity of 20 N make 4 a good candidate as a green primary explosive.
Membrane‐permeable Triphosphate Prodrugs of Nucleoside Analogues
Authors: Gollnest Tristan , Dinis de Oliveira Thiago , Rath Anna , Hauber Ilona , Schols Dominique , Balzarini Jan , Meier Chris 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe metabolic conversion of nucleoside analogues into their triphosphates often proceeds insufficiently. Rate‐limitations can be at the mono‐, but also at the di‐ and triphosphorylation steps. We developed a nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) delivery system (TriPPPro‐approach). In this approach, NTPs are masked by two bioreversible units at the γ‐phosphate. Using a procedure involving H‐phosphonate chemistry, a series of derivatives bearing approved, as well as potentially antivirally active, nucleoside analogues was synthesized. The enzyme‐triggered delivery of NTPs was demonstrated by pig liver esterase, in human T‐lymphocyte cell extracts and by a polymerase chain reaction using a prodrug of thymidine triphosphate. The TriPPPro‐compounds of some HIV‐inactive nucleoside analogues showed marked anti‐HIV activity. For cellular uptake studies, a fluorescent TriPPPro‐compound was prepared that delivered the triphosphorylated metabolite to intact CEM cells.
Organophotocatalysis: Insights into the Mechanistic Aspects of Thiourea‐Mediated Intermolecular [2+2] Photocycloadditions
Authors: Vallavoju Nandini , Selvakumar Sermadurai , Pemberton Barry C. , Jockusch Steffen , Sibi Mukund P. , Sivaguru Jayaraman 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMechanistic investigations of the intermolecular [2+2] photocycloaddition of coumarin with tetramethylethylene mediated by thiourea catalysts reveal that the reaction is enabled by a combination of minimized aggregation, enhanced intersystem crossing, and altered excited‐state lifetime(s). These results clarify how the excited‐state reactivity can be manipulated through catalyst–substrate interactions and reveal a third mechanistic pathway for thiourea‐mediated organo‐photocatalysis.