bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vegetable Foods in Weaning
Authors: Agostoni C , Riva E 
Published: January 2017

Vegetable foods (cereals, non-starchy vegetables, legumes) make a unique nutritional and metabolic contribution during weaning. They provide proteins that are of low biological value individually but whose value can be raised by consuming appropriate combinations: minimal amounts of lipids, mostly essential polyunsaturated fats; complex carbohydrates; and soluble fibre, which are fermented by colonic flora to short-chain fatty acids that have beneficial effects. Insoluble fibre, minerals, trace elements and vitamins are also nutritionally important components of vegetable foods. Vegetable foods lower the calorific density of meals, modulate nutrient and antigen absorption, and promote a physiological copropoiesis. Recent nutritional surveys have shown that 12-month old children eat an excessive amount of animal proteins. Whole cereals and non-starchy vegetables, including whole legumes, should be routinely eaten during weaning to improve nutritional balance and to make children accustom to eating fibre, which has prophylactic properties. The daily intake of fibre should be progressively increased to 5 g during the first year of life. Gli alimenti vegetali (cereali, verdure non amidacee, legumi) presentano caratteristiche nutrizionalie metaboliche comuni davvero uniche per la fase dello svezzamento. Essi forniscono proteine di valore biologico basso ma innalzabile attraverso opportune miscelazioni: quantità minime di lipidi (per lo più grassi polinsaturi essenziali); carboidrati complessi e fibra solubile che possono essere fermentati dalla flora del colon e trasformati in acidi grassi a catena corta. A loro volta, questi acidi hanno un effetto benefico sull'omeostasi locale egenerate. Anche la fibra insolubile, i minerali, gli oligoelementi e le vitamine danno un contributo importante al ruolo nutrizionale degli alimenti vegetali. Di conseguenza, come parte della dieta gli alimenti vegetali abbassano il contenuto calorico dei pasti, modulano l'assorbimento degli antigeni e delle sostanze nutritive e favoriscono la copropoiesi fisiologica. Alcuni recenti studi nutrizionali hanno dimostrato che i bambini di 12 mesi di et à consumano una quantità eccessiva di proteine animali. Durante lo svezzamento occorre quindi somministrare abitualmente cereali integrali, verdure non amidacee e legumi interi, onde ottenere un migliore equilibrio nutrizionale ed abituare i bambini al consumo della fibra, considerate le sue proprietà preventive. La dose giornaliera consigliata di fibra dovrebbe venire aumentata progressivamente fino a 5 g nel primo anno di vita.
Rapid and Sustained Efficacy of Mizolastine 10 mg Once Daily in Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Stern M , Blondin-Ertzbischoff P , Murrieta-Aguttes M , Hardwicke C , Emmerson EBM , Judd MS 
Published: January 2017

This 28-day, double-blind, randomized study in 256 patients compared the efficacy and safety of mizolastine 10 mg daily with placebo in patients with seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. All four nasal symptoms (itch, rhinorrhoea, sneezing, obstruction) and three ocular symptoms (itch, tears, redness) were rated by investigators using both a 0 − 3 and a 0 − 9 rating scale. Compared with the placebo group total, nasal and ocular scores were all significantly lower in the mizolastine-treated patients at day 14 of the study ( P = 0.0002 − 0.0009, using the 0 − 9 scale) and relief was maintained throughout the 4-week study duration. Patient diary total scores showed that mizolastine was effective from the first day of treatment. The 0 − 9 scale appears to be more sensitive than the 0 − 3 scale for rating symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis. En el ensayo clínico aleatorizado, a doble ciego, controlado con placebo, de 28 días de duración y con una muestra de 256 pacientes se comparó la eficacia y seguridad de 10 mg de mizolastina en pacientes con rinoconjuntivitis alérgica estacional. En total los investigadores evaluaron cuatro síntomas nasales (picor, rinorrea, estornudo, obstrucción) y tres síntomas oculares (picor, lagrimeo, eritema). Los resultados se clasificaron utilizando una escala de 0 − 3 y otra de 0 − 9. Las puntuaciones nasales y oculares obtenidas el día 14 del estudio en los pacientes tratados con mizolastina fueron significantemente menores comparadas con aquellas observadas en el grupo placebo (P = 0.0002 − 0.0009 utilizando la escala de 0 − 9) y el alivio se mantuvo durante las cuatro semanas de duración del estudio. Las puntuaciones cotidianas (evaluación del paciente) mostraron que la mizolastina es efectiva desde el primer día de tratamiento. La escala de 0 − 9 resultó ser más sensible para la evaluación de síntomas de rinitis alérgica estacional que la escala de 0 − 3.
Temporomandibular disorders: Old ideas and new concepts
Authors: List Thomas , Jensen Rigmor Højland 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundTemporomandibular disorders (TMD) is an umbrella term for pain and dysfunction involving the masticatory muscles and the temporomandibular joints (TMJs). TMD is the most common orofacial pain condition. Its prominent features include regional pain in the face and preauricular area, limitations in jaw movement, and noise from the TMJs during jaw movements. TMD affects up to 15% of adults and 7% of adolescents. Chronic pain is the overwhelming reason that patients with TMD seek treatment. TMD can associate with impaired general health, depression, and other psychological disabilities, and may affect the quality of life of the patient.AssessmentEvaluations indicate that the recently published Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (DC/TMD) are reliable and valid. These criteria cover the most common types of TMD, which include pain-related disorders (e.g., myalgia, headache attributable to TMD, and arthralgia) as well as disorders associated with the TMJ (primarily disc displacements and degenerative disease). As peripheral mechanisms most likely play a role in the onset of TMD, a detailed muscle examination is recommended. The persistence of pain involves more central factors, such as sensitization of the supraspinal neurons and second-order neurons at the level of the spinal dorsal horn/trigeminal nucleus, imbalanced antinociceptive activity, and strong genetic predisposition, which also is included in DC/TMD.ConclusionThe etiology is complex and still not clearly understood, but several biological and psychosocial risk factors for TMD have been identified. Several studies indicate that patients with TMD improve with a combination of noninvasive therapies, including behavior therapy, pharmacotherapy, physical therapy, and occlusal appliances. More stringently designed studies, however, are needed to assess treatment efficacy and how to tailor treatment to the individual patient.
Ethical Issues concerning Participants in Community Surveys of Child and Adolescent Mental Disorders
Authors: Lépine Suzanne , Smolla Nicole 
Published: January 2017

Objective: Considering that a literature review yielded limited information on ethical issues concerning participants in child and adolescent mental health community surveys, the authors identify and discuss some of these issues. Method: First, the authors present the ethical principles set forth by the National Council on Bioethics in Human Research (NCBHR) and evoked by the 1998 Tri-Council Policy Statement, underscoring their importance as guidelines for establishing ethical standards for research with children. Second, they describe the general objectives and currently preferred methods of child psychiatric surveys. Third, they discuss issues pertaining to the validity and innocuousness of structured interview guides, the limitations of parental authorization and children's assent, and the complexity of clinical interventions based on ethical grounds. Conclusions: The authors emphasize the importance of developing empirical knowledge regarding the questions raised and bringing the social stakeholders concerned into the debate.
Transcultural Psychiatry: Personal Experiences and Canadian Perspectives
Authors: Prince Raymond H 
Published: January 2017

In the mid-1950s, a unique section of transcultural psychiatric studies was established within the McGill Department of Psychiatry. These personal recollections describe the backgrounds, methods, and motivations of those most involved and suggest why such a specialized study should have emerged in Canada and at McGill. Some of the major controversies and developments in the field are explored, focusing on the question of culture-bound syndromes and their occasional biological underpinnings. The relevance of transcultural psychiatry to psychiatric practice is discussed. La psychiatrie transculturelle: experiences vécues et perspectives canadiennes
Different Perspectives of the Therapeutic Alliance and Therapist Technique in 2 Forms of Dynamically Oriented Psychotherapy
Authors: Ogrodniczuk John S , Piper William E , Joyce Anthony S , McCallum Mary 
Published: January 2017

Objective: This study addresses several issues concerning patients' and therapists' perceptions of key therapy process variables. This includes examining whether patients and therapists differ in their perceptions of the therapeutic alliance and therapist technique, what the relation is between perceptions of the alliance and technique, and whether these perceptions are predictive of treatment outcome. Method: Patient and therapist perceptions of the therapy process were provided in a comparative trial of 2 forms of short-term individual dynamic psychotherapy. Patients (n = 144) were randomly assigned to each condition. Treatment outcome was assessed using a large, comprehensive battery of reliable measures. Results: The findings revealed several differences in the patients' and therapists' ratings of the alliance and technique in the 2 forms of therapy. Patient ratings of the alliance and technique were predictive of treatment outcome. Conclusion: The findings contribute to understanding the extent to which therapy participants share views of therapy processes and highlight the importance of the therapist's attending to the patient's perception of therapy.
Physical Illness as an Outcome of Chronic Anxiety Disorders
Authors: Bowen RC , Senthilselvan A , Barale A 
Published: January 2017

Background: The literature indicates increased rates of some medical conditions in patients with anxiety disorders. We used the Saskatchewan Health databases to examine the development of nonpsychiatric medical diseases in patients with anxiety disorders. This study has a large population base, and the Saskatchewan health plan does not limit the provision of services to this populaiton. Method: We observed the annual incidence of specified medical conditions in patients with anxiety disorders and in control subjects over a 10-year period. Subjects in both groups had not been treated for the specified medical conditions before the start of the observation period. Results: The anxiety cohort had a significantly higher relative risk of developing medical diseases compared with the control group. The highest relative risk, indicated by the hazard ratio, was for cerebrovascular disease (hazard ratio 2, 95% CI 1.09–3.65). Hazard ratios were significant for cerebrovascular disease and atherosclerosis as well as for ischemic heart, gastrointestinal, hypertensive, and respiratory diseases. Conclusions: This study provides additional evidence for an association between anxiety disorder and the later development of medical morbidity.
Patient Factors Associated with Missed Appointments in Persons with Schizophrenia
Authors: Coodin Shalom , Staley Douglas , Cortens Barb , Desrochers Rob , McLandress Sandy 
Published: January 2017

Objective: There is limited research on factors that may predict missed appointments. This study examined correlates to missed appointments in a sample of persons attending an outpatient schizophrenia program. Method: We measured the rate of missed appointments for 342 outpatients with severe and persistent mental illness (that is, with diagnoses of schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and delusional disorder) attending a psychiatric outpatient clinic over a period of 2 years and 3 months. We collected and analyzed demographic and clinical variables to ascertain differences between patients with high and low rates of nonattendance. Results: Patients who missed 20% or more of their appointments were significantly younger, were more likely to abuse drugs and alcohol, and manifested lower levels of community functioning. Conclusions: This profile may be useful in helping clinicians to schedule appointments for this clinical population, to identify those who may need community outreach services, and to improve their treatment prospects.
Service Use for Mental Health Reasons: Cross-Provincial Differences in Rates, Determinants, and Equity of Access
Authors: Vasiliadis Helen-Maria , Lesage Alain , Adair Carol , Boyer Richard 
Published: January 2017

Objectives: In 2002, Canada undertook its first national survey on mental health and well-being, including detailed questioning on service use. Mental disorders may affect more than 1 person in 5, according to past regional and less comprehensive mental health surveys in Canada, and most do not seek help. Individual determinants play a role in health resource use for mental health (MH) reasons. This study aimed to provide prevalence rates of health care service use for MH reasons by province and according to service type and to examine determinants of MH service use in Canada and across provinces. Methods: We assessed the prevalence rate (95% confidence interval [CI]) of past-year health service use for MH reasons, and we assessed potential determinants cross-sectionally, using data collected from the Statistics Canada Canadian Community Health Survey: Mental Health and Well-Being (CCHS 1.2). We estimated models of resource use with logistic regression (using odds ratios and 95%CIs). Results: The prevalence of health service use for MH reasons in Canada was 9.5% (95%CI, 9.1% to 10.0%). The highest rates, on average, were observed in Nova Scotia (11.3%; 95%CI, 9.6% to 13.0%) and British Columbia (11.3%; 95%CI, 10.1% to 12.6%). The lowest rates were observed in Newfoundland and Labrador (6.7%; 95%CI, 5.3% to 8.0%) and Prince Edward Island (7.5%; 95%CI, 5.8% to 9.3%). In Canada, the general medical system was the most used for MH reasons (5.4%; 95%CI, 5.1% to 5.8%) and the voluntary network sector was the least used (1.9%; 95%CI, 1.7% to 2.1%). No difference was observed in the rate of service use between specialty MH (3.5%; 95%CI, 3.2% to 3.8%) and other professional providers (4.0%; 95%CI, 3.7% to 4.3%). In multivariate analyses, after adjusting for age and sex, the presence of a mental disorder was a consistent predictor of health service use for MH across the provinces. Conclusions: There is up to a twofold difference in the type of service used for MH reasons across provinces. The primary care general medical system is the most widely used service for MH. Need remains the strongest predictor of use, especially when a mental disorder is present. Barriers to access, such as income, were not identified in all provinces. Different sociodemographic variables played a role in service seeking within each province. This suggests different attitudes toward common mental disorders and toward care seeking among the provinces.
Variations in the Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorders and Social Problems across Canadian Provinces
Authors: Thompson Angus H 
Published: January 2017

Objective: To determine provincial 12-month prevalence rates for selected psychiatric disorders and to assess the association between these and the Canadian Social Problem Index (SPI). Method: Psychiatric data for depression, mania, panic disorder, social phobia, and agoraphobia were derived from the results of the 2002 Canadian Community Health Survey: Mental Health and Well-Being. The Canadian SPI was updated for 2002, and correlations were calculated between the SPI and the 5 diagnostic prevalence values across provinces. Results: The results showed that the SPI had maintained its tendency to increase from east to west in Canada, a trend reflected by depression and mania. The psychiatric disorders did not show strong correlations with the SPI in 2002, but depression and mania did show relatively strong associations with index values from earlier years. High-to-low ratios across provinces for individual social problems averaged over 5, and the results were essentially of the same magnitude for the ranges of particular psychiatric diagnoses. Conclusions: The differences in need found here suggest that per capita allocation of funding for mental health and social programs may not be appropriate. The mixed findings on the association between mental disorders and social problem behaviour across provinces leads to more research questions than research answers.
Child and Adolescent Mental Health Policy and Plans in Canada: An Analytical Review
Authors: Kutcher Stan , Hampton Mary Jane , Wilson Jeffrey 
Published: January 2017

Objective: Child and adolescent mental disorders are common, with a substantial disease burden, yet services for young people are nationally inadequate. As services should be based on policies and (or) plans, we analyzed the availability and content of child and adolescent mental health policies and plans in all provinces and territories. Method: The World Health Organization (WHO) framework for Child and Adolescent Mental Health Policy and Plans was applied. Results: Four provinces in Canada have a child and adolescent mental health policy and (or) plan. The other provinces do not have a policy or plan in place, or else try to integrate these components into existing mental health strategies. Among the policies and plans that exist, there is substantial variability regarding content as well as degree of adherence to the WHO template. Five essential content areas: legislation and human rights, information systems, quality improvement, improving access to and use of psychotropics, and human resource development and training are poorly or very poorly addressed in existing policies and (or) plans. Conclusion: This lack of specific policy and (or) plans for child and adolescent mental health care and the variability of content in plans that exist may help explain why child and adolescent mental health services are poorly developed across Canada. We suggest that a national child and adolescent mental health policy framework be developed for Canada so that the provinces and territories may be encouraged to create or amend their current child and adolescent mental health frameworks in a manner that may enhance national cohesion and commonly addresses service needs in this population.
Increased Depressive Symptoms in Female but Not Male Adolescents Born at Low Birth Weight in the Offspring of a National Cohort
Authors: Van Lieshout Ryan J , Boylan Khrista 
Published: January 2017

Objectives: To test if being born at low birth weight (LBW; <2500 g) or being small for gestational age (SGA; <10th percentile for gestational age [GA]) are associated with increased levels of depressive symptoms in youth and, if so, when these first emerge, if the relation is sex-specific, and whether this effect is direct or mediated by early life difficulties. Method: Associations between LBW, SGA, and depressive symptoms at ages 4 to 7 years and 10 to 14 years were tested in 1230 children born to the female participants of the National Longitudinal Study of Youth using linear regression models adjusting for maternal age, ethnicity, education, weight, depressive symptoms, marital status, and income. We also adjusted for GA, the child's age, and depressive symptoms at ages 4 to 7 years. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and short-term memory at ages 8 to 10 years were also assessed for their putative role in mediating this relation. Results: LBW and SGA were associated with increased levels of depressive symptoms in adolescent girls only. This persisted despite adjustment for perinatal factors and was not accounted for by putative mediators. In males and females, increased levels of depressive symptoms were associated with elevated maternal pre-pregnancy weight, depression, and single marital status, as well as childhood ADHD and depressive symptoms. Similar results were found for infants born SGA. Conclusions: Our results support the existence of a female-specific association between LBW, SGA, and adolescent depressive symptoms. Differences in exposures to maternal mediators of stress or developmental factors may underlie these findings.
Obsessions religieuses et religiosité
Authors: Khoubila Adil , Kadri Nadia 
Published: January 2017

Objectif: Connaître la prévalence des obsessions religieuses dans une consultation de psychiatrie générale, étudier les caractéristiques sociodémographiques et cliniques des patients qui ont des obsessions religieuses, et enfin explorer la relation entre ces obsessions et la religiosité. Méthode: Nous avons exploré, dans une consultation de psychiatrie générale ( n = 1 500), les patients souffrant d'un trouble obsessionnel-compulsif (TOC), puis au sein de cet échantillon, nous avons recherché ceux qui avaient des obsessions religieuses. Résultats: Le TOC a été observé chez 9,6 % ( n = 144) des patients. Les obsessions religieuses sont les obsessions les plus fréquentes et ont été constatées chez 31,3 % ( n = 45) des patients au sein de ce groupe. Quarante cinq sujets ( n = 45) ayant des obsessions religieuses ont été comparés à 99 sujets ( n = 99) ayant d'autres types d'obsessions. Le nombre total d'obsessions est significativement plus élevé chez les patients ayant des obsessions religieuses. Les patients ayant des obsessions religieuses ont un score significativement plus élevé à l'échelle de religiosité. Conclusion: Ces résultats suggèrent que les obsessions religieuses sont fréquentes chez les patients souffrant du TOC, et qu'elles sont associées à la religiosité.
Perceived Discrimination among People with Self-Reported Emotional, Psychological, or Psychiatric Conditions in a Population-Based Sample of Canadians Reporting a Disability
Authors: Kassam Aliya , Williams Jeanne , Patten Scott 
Published: January 2017

Objective: The prevalence of perceived discrimination among people reporting an emotional, psychological, or psychiatric condition in a population of people with a disability has not been studied. Our study evaluated a model that integrated having an emotional, psychological, or psychiatric condition while accounting for age, sex, education, employment, marital status, immigration status, and type of community to estimate the prevalence of perceived discrimination in the population of people with a disability. We hypothesized that higher levels of perceived discrimination would occur in people reporting an emotional, psychological, or psychiatric condition. Method: The Participation and Activity Limitation Survey (PALS) by Statistics Canada is a postcensual survey of community residents reporting health-related impairments. PALS was used to evaluate the interaction between self-reported emotional, psychological, or psychiatric conditions and demographic variables and the odds of experiencing discrimination. Results: In the overall sample, 14.5% perceived discrimination and 18.2% reported having an emotional, psychological, or psychiatric condition. Thirty-five per cent of people with such conditions perceived discrimination. When adjusting for covariates, people reporting an emotional, psychological, or psychiatric condition were 3 times more likely to perceive having been discriminated against than people without such conditions. Across medical conditions, perceived discrimination was higher in people who also reported an emotional, psychological, or psychiatric condition. Conclusions: The results demonstrate that perceived discrimination and the presence of an emotional, psychological, or psychiatric condition frequently co-occur in people with a disability and therefore programs aimed at reducing the discrimination of emotional, psychological, or psychiatric conditions should take this into account.