bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discrimination between seedlings of Eucalyptus globulus, E. nitens and their F1 hybrid using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy and foliar oil content
Authors: Humphreys J. R. , O’Reilly-Wapstra J. M. , Harbard J. L. , Davies N. W. , Griffin A. R. , Jordan G. J. , Potts B. M. 
Published: October 2017

Summary
Identification of plant hybrids produced from closely related species can be difficult using morphological characteristics alone, particularly when identifying young seedlings. In this study, we compared the performance of three calibration models developed to discriminate between seedlings of Eucalyptus globulus, E. nitens and their first-generation hybrid using either foliar oil chemistry or near-infrared reflectance spectral data from fresh, whole leaves. Both oil and near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) models were developed using partial least-squares discriminant analysis and showed high classification accuracy, all correctly classifying more than 91% of samples in cross-validation. Additionally, we developed a larger, “global” and independently validated NIRS model specifically to discriminate between E. globulus and F1 hybrid seedlings of different ages. This model correctly classified 98.1% of samples in cross-validation and 95.1% of samples from an independent test set. These results show that NIRS analysis of fresh, whole leaves can be used as a rapid and accurate alternative to chemical analysis for the purpose of hybrid identification.
Genetic Parameters of Somatic Clones of Coastal Douglas-fir at 5½-Years across Washington and Oregon, USA
Authors: Dean C. A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractFive genetic tests involving 70 somatic clones of coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii) were planted March-April 1999 in Weyerhaeuser plantations across western Washington and Oregon states, USA. Four of the tests are in Longview and Twin Harbors regions of Washington, and one test is in Springfield, Oregon. Each test is based on single-tree plots with 12 randomized complete-blocks. The 70 coastal Douglas-fir clones were propagated by somatic embryogenesis from two full-sib families that had the same female parent. Results are reported for survival, height, diameter at breast-height (DBH) and volume growth at 5½-years. These tests provide evidence of acceptable growth and survival of somatic trees of coastal Douglas-fir across a range of site conditions. Height had a clonal heritability of 0.25 ± 0.01, DBH 0.21 ± 0.01 and volume 0.20 ± 0.01. The growth traits were all strongly genetically associated with clonal correlations of 0.92 to 0.99. Clonal performance for growth proved quite stable across tests with an overall between-test correlation of 0.84 ± 0.04. There was little variance due to clone x test interactions.
The Effect of Altitude on the Pattern of Gene Flow in the Endemic Canary Island Pine, Pinus canariensis
Authors: Navascués M. , Vendramin G. G. , Emerson B. C. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPinus canariensis is endemic to the western Canary Islands (NW coast of Africa), where it forms forest spanning an altitude from 500 to 2500 m. There are dramatic changes in environmental conditions (temperature, moisture and solar radiation) over short distances due to this elevation gradient in the Canary Island pine forest. Those differences in environmental conditions may lead to asynchronous flowering times among elevations. In this study we used nuclear and chloroplast microsatellites to characterize the genetic structure of two altitudinal transects on the southern slopes of Tenerife Island to test for genetic isolation among altitudes. Although significant differentiation among sites was detected, this differentiation was very low (FST= 0.013 with chloroplast markers, FST= 0.019 with nuclear markers) and appeared to be unrelated to altitude. The contrasting results between nuclear and chloroplast markers are also discussed in terms of statistical accuracy of markers and genome inheritance.
Chancen und Risiken differenter Systemlogiken im Krankenhaus: Perspektiven einer Kooperation von Seelsorge und Spiritual Care
Authors: Karle Isolde 
Published: October 2017

ZusammenfassungGegenwärtig steht die Klinikseelsorge vor schwierigen Balanceakten. Will sie sich in Spiritual Care integrieren, wird sie Teil des multiprofessionellen Behandlungsteams im Krankenhaus und ihre konstruktiv irritierende Außenperspektive droht verloren zu gehen. Zugleich bietet sich etablierende Spiritual Care der Seelsorge viele Chancen. Seelsorge muss deshalb ein Interesse an einer Mitgestaltung von Spiritual Care im Krankenhaus haben. Der Beitrag benennt in diesem Sinn die Herausforderungen, Probleme und Chancen einer Kooperation von Spiritual Care und Seelsorge und fragt danach, welche Gesichtspunkte zwischen Dazugehörigkeit und bleibender Fremdheit zu beachten sind, damit Seelsorge weiterhin ihr spezifisch religiöses Potential zum Wohl von kranken und sterbenden Menschen zum Ausdruck bringen kann.
Grifolin attenuates white matter lesion in oxygen/glucose deprivation
Authors: Yanqin Ying , Jing Tang , Wei Chen , Nan Li 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe present study evaluates the effect of grifolin (GFL) in oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD) induced white matter lesion. Injury induced with OGD was found to be significant at the 9th h of OGD induction and the effect of GFL on the proliferation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) was assessed by CCK-8 and Hoechst 33258 assay at GFL 1, 5, 25, 50 and 100 μm concentrations. Whereas immunocytochemistry was performed for the assessment of survival and apoptosis of OPCs, western blot assay and RT-PCR were performed after 8th day of OGD injury for the estimation of expressions of myelin basic protein (MBP) and inhibitor of DNA binding 2 (Id2) in OPCs respectively. Results of the study suggests that treatment with GFL significantly enhances the survival rate and decreases the apoptosis of OPCs in OGD induced injury model. Immunocytochemical staining of Oligodendrocyte transcription factor (Olig2) and Bromodeoxyuridine (Brdu) shows that GFL treatment improves the proliferation of OPCs than OGD group. Moreover data of western blot assay suggested that treatment with GFL significantly enhances the expressions of MBP and Olig2 than OGD. It was observed that expressions of Id2 decreases and Olig2 enhances in GFL treated group than OGD group. Data of our study concludes that GFL enhances the differentiation and proliferation of OPCs in OGD-induced injury by altering the expressions of Id2 and Olig2.
Theoretical investigations of the local distortion and spectral properties for VO2+ in SiO2 Glass
Authors: Li Mu-Neng , Zhang Zhi-Hong , Wu Shao-Yi 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The local distortions and the spin Hamiltonian parameters g factors g
∥, g
⊥ and the hyperfine structure constants A
∥ and A
⊥ for isolated vanadyl ions VO2+ doped in SiO2 glass at 700°C are theoretically investigated from the perturbation formulas of these parameters for a 3d1 ion in tetragonally compressed octahedra. In these formulas, the relationships between local structure of VO2+ ions center and the tetragonal crystal field parameters are established. As a result, the distortion of the ligand octahedron is attributed to the strong axial crystal-fields associated with the short V4+–O2− bond due to the strong V=O bonding in the silica matrix. The theoretical spin Hamiltonian parameters obtained in this work show reasonable agreement with the experimental data.
CB1-Dependent Long-Term Depression in Ventral Tegmental Area GABA Neurons: A Novel Target for Marijuana
Authors: Friend Lindsey , Weed Jared , Sandoval Philip , Nufer Teresa , Ostlund Isaac , Edwards Jeffrey G. 
Published: October 2017

The VTA is necessary for reward behavior with dopamine cells critically involved in reward signaling. Dopamine cells in turn are innervated and regulated by neighboring inhibitory GABA cells. Using whole-cell electrophysiology in juvenile-adolescent GAD67-GFP male mice, we examined excitatory plasticity in fluorescent VTA GABA cells. A novel CB1-dependent LTD was induced in GABA cells that was dependent on metabotropic glutamate receptor 5, and cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1). LTD was absent inCB1knock-out mice but preserved in heterozygous littermates. Bath applied Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol depressed GABA cell activity, therefore downstream dopamine cells will be disinhibited; and thus, this could potentially result in increased reward. Chronic injections of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol occluded LTD compared with vehicle injections; however, a single exposure was insufficient to do so. As synaptic modifications by drugs of abuse are often tied to addiction, these data suggest a possible mechanism for the addictive effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in juvenile-adolescents, by potentially altering reward behavioral outcomes.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe present study identifies a novel form of glutamatergic synaptic plasticity in VTA GABA neurons, a currently understudied cell type that is critical for the brain's reward circuit, and how Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol occludes this plasticity. This study specifically addresses a potential unifying mechanism whereby marijuana could exert rewarding and addictive/withdrawal effects. Marijuana use and legalization are a pressing issue for many states in the United States. Although marijuana is the most commonly abused illicit drug, the implications of legalized, widespread, or continued usage are speculative. This study in juvenile-adolescent aged mice identifies a novel form of synaptic plasticity in VTA GABA cells, and the synaptic remodeling that can occur after Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol use.
Activity-Dependent Facilitation of CaV1.3 Calcium Channels Promotes KCa3.1 Activation in Hippocampal Neurons
Authors: Sahu Giriraj , Asmara Hadhimulya , Zhang Fang-Xiong , Zamponi Gerald W. , Turner Ray W. 
Published: October 2017

CaV1 L-type calcium channels are key to regulating neuronal excitability, with the range of functional roles enhanced by interactions with calmodulin, accessory proteins, or CaMKII that modulate channel activity. In hippocampal pyramidal cells, a prominent elevation of CaV1 activity is apparent in late channel openings that can last for seconds following a depolarizing stimulus train. The current study tested the hypothesis that a reported interaction among CaV1.3 channels, the scaffolding protein densin, and CaMKII could generate a facilitation of channel activity that outlasts a depolarizing stimulus. We found that CaV1.3 but not CaV1.2 channels exhibit a long-duration calcium-dependent facilitation (L-CDF) that lasts up to 8 s following a brief 50 Hz stimulus train, but only when coexpressed with densin and CaMKII. To test the physiological role for CaV1.3 L-CDF, we coexpressed the intermediate-conductance KCa3.1 potassium channel, revealing a strong functional coupling to CaV1.3 channel activity that was accentuated by densin and CaMKII. Moreover, the CaV1.3–densin–CaMKII interaction gave rise to an outward tail current of up to 8 s duration following a depolarizing stimulus in both tsA-201 cells and male rat CA1 pyramidal cells. A slow afterhyperpolarization in pyramidal cells was reduced by a selective block of CaV1 channels by isradipine, a CaMKII blocker, and siRNA knockdown of densin, and spike frequency increased upon selective block of CaV1 channel conductance. The results are important in revealing a CaV1.3–densin–CaMKII interaction that extends the contribution of CaV1.3 calcium influx to a time frame well beyond a brief input train.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTCaV1 L-type calcium channels play a key role in regulating the output of central neurons by providing calcium influx during repetitive inputs. This study identifies a long-duration calcium-dependent facilitation (L-CDF) of CaV1.3 channels that depends on the scaffolding protein densin and CaMKII and that outlasts a depolarizing stimulus by seconds. We further show a tight functional coupling between CaV1.3 calcium influx and the intermediate-conductance KCa3.1 potassium channel that promotes an outward tail current of up to 8 s following a depolarizing stimulus. Tests in CA1 hippocampal pyramidal cells reveal that a slow AHP is reduced by blocking different components of the CaV1.3-densin-CaMKII interaction, identifying an important role for CaV1.3 L-CDF in regulating neuronal excitability.
Sensorimotor Processing in the Basal Ganglia Leads to Transient Beta Oscillations during Behavior
Authors: Mirzaei Amin , Kumar Arvind , Leventhal Daniel , Mallet Nicolas , Aertsen Ad , Berke Joshua , Schmidt Robert 
Published: October 2017

Brief epochs of beta oscillations have been implicated in sensorimotor control in the basal ganglia of task-performing healthy animals. However, which neural processes underlie their generation and how they are affected by sensorimotor processing remains unclear. To determine the mechanisms underlying transient beta oscillations in the LFP, we combined computational modeling of the subthalamo-pallidal network for the generation of beta oscillations with realistic stimulation patterns derived from single-unit data recorded from different basal ganglia subregions in rats performing a cued choice task. In the recordings, we found distinct firing patterns in the striatum, globus pallidus, and subthalamic nucleus related to sensory and motor events during the behavioral task. Using these firing patterns to generate realistic inputs to our network model led to transient beta oscillations with the same time course as the rat LFP data. In addition, our model can account for further nonintuitive aspects of beta modulation, including beta phase resets after sensory cues and correlations with reaction time. Overall, our model can explain how the combination of temporally regulated sensory responses of the subthalamic nucleus, ramping activity of the subthalamic nucleus, and movement-related activity of the globus pallidus leads to transient beta oscillations during behavior.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTransient beta oscillations emerge in the normal functioning cortico-basal ganglia loop during behavior. Here, we used a unique approach connecting a computational model closely with experimental data. In this way, we achieved a simulation environment for our model that mimics natural input patterns in awake, behaving animals. We demonstrate that a computational model for beta oscillations in Parkinson's disease (PD) can also account for complex patterns of transient beta oscillations in healthy animals. Therefore, we propose that transient beta oscillations in healthy animals share the same mechanism with pathological beta oscillations in PD. This important result connects functional and pathological roles of beta oscillations in the basal ganglia.
The Gain-of-Function Integrin β3 Pro33 Variant Alters the Serotonin System in the Mouse Brain
Authors: Dohn Michael R. , Kooker Christopher G. , Bastarache Lisa , Jessen Tammy , Rinaldi Capria , Varney Seth , Mazalouskas Matthew D. , Pan Hope , Oliver Kendra H. , Velez Edwards Digna R. , Sutcliffe James S. , Denny Joshua C. , Carneiro Ana M.D. 
Published: October 2017

Engagement of integrins by the extracellular matrix initiates signaling cascades that drive a variety of cellular functions, including neuronal migration and axonal pathfinding in the brain. Multiple lines of evidence link theITGB3gene encoding the integrin β3 subunit with the serotonin (5-HT) system, likely via its modulation of the 5-HT transporter (SERT). TheITGB3coding polymorphism Leu33Pro (rs5918, PlA2) produces hyperactive αvβ3 receptors that influence whole-blood 5-HT levels and may influence the risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Using a phenome-wide scan of psychiatric diagnoses, we found significant, male-specific associations between the Pro33 allele and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and ASDs. Here, we used knock-in (KI) mice expressing anItgb3variant that phenocopies the human Pro33 variant to elucidate the consequences of constitutively enhanced αvβ3 signaling to the 5-HT system in the brain. KI mice displayed deficits in multiple behaviors, including anxiety, repetitive, and social behaviors. Anatomical studies revealed a significant decrease in 5-HT synapses in the midbrain, accompanied by decreases in SERT activity and reduced localization of SERTs to integrin adhesion complexes in synapses of KI mice. Inhibition of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) rescued SERT function in synapses of KI mice, demonstrating that constitutive active FAK signaling downstream of the Pro32Pro33 integrin αvβ3 suppresses SERT activity. Our studies identify a complex regulation of 5-HT homeostasis and behaviors by integrin αvβ3, revealing an important role for integrins in modulating risk for neuropsychiatric disorders.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe integrin β3 Leu33Pro coding polymorphism has been associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) within a subgroup of patients with elevated blood 5-HT levels, linking integrin β3, 5-HT, and ASD risk. We capitalized on these interactions to demonstrate that the Pro33 coding variation in the murine integrin β3 recapitulates the sex-dependent neurochemical and behavioral attributes of ASD. Using state-of-the-art techniques, we show that presynaptic 5-HT function is altered in these mice, and that the localization of 5-HT transporters to specific compartments within the synapse, disrupted by the integrin β3 Pro33 mutation, is critical for appropriate reuptake of 5-HT. Our studies provide fundamental insight into the genetic network regulating 5-HT neurotransmission in the CNS that is also associated with ASD risk.
Overactivity of Liver-Related Neurons in the Paraventricular Nucleus of the Hypothalamus: Electrophysiological Findings indb/dbMice
Authors: Gao Hong , Molinas Adrien J.R. , Miyata Kayoko , Qiao Xin , Zsombok Andrea 
Published: October 2017

Preautonomic neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus play a large role in the regulation of hepatic functions via the autonomic nervous system. Activation of hepatic sympathetic nerves increases glucose and lipid metabolism and contributes to the elevated hepatic glucose production observed in the type 2 diabetic condition. This augmented sympathetic output could originate from altered activity of liver-related PVN neurons. Remarkably, despite the importance of the brain-liver pathway, the cellular properties of liver-related neurons are not known. In this study, we provide the first evidence of overall activity of liver-related PVN neurons. Liver-related PVN neurons were identified with a retrograde, trans-synaptic, viral tracer in male lean anddb/dbmice and whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were conducted. Indb/dbmice, the majority of liver-related PVN neurons fired spontaneously; whereas, in lean mice the majority of liver-related PVN neurons were silent, indicating that liver-related PVN neurons are more active indb/dbmice. Persistent, tonic inhibition was identified in liver-related PVN neurons; although, the magnitude of tonic inhibitory control was not different between lean anddb/dbmice. In addition, our study revealed that the transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1-dependent increase of excitatory neurotransmission was reduced in liver-related PVN neurons ofdb/dbmice. These findings demonstrate plasticity of liver-related PVN neurons and a shift toward excitation in a diabetic mouse model. Our study suggests altered autonomic circuits at the level of the PVN, which can contribute to autonomic dysfunction and dysregulation of neural control of hepatic functions including glucose metabolism.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTA growing body of evidence suggests the importance of the autonomic control in the regulation of hepatic metabolism, which plays a major role in the development and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Despite the importance of the brain-liver pathway, the overall activity of liver-related neurons in control and diabetic conditions is not known. This is a significant gap in knowledge, which prevents developing strategies to improve glucose homeostasis via altering the brain-liver pathway. One of the key findings of our study is the overall shift toward excitation in liver-related hypothalamic neurons in the diabetic condition. This overactivity may be one of the underlying mechanisms of elevated sympathetic activity known in metabolically compromised patients and animal models.
Combinatorial regulation of the balance between dynein microtubule end accumulation and initiation of directed motility
Authors: Jha Rupam , Roostalu Johanna , Cade Nicholas I , Trokter Martina , Surrey Thomas 
Published: October 2017

AbstractCytoplasmic dynein is involved in a multitude of essential cellular functions. Dynein's activity is controlled by the combinatorial action of several regulatory proteins. The molecular mechanism of this regulation is still poorly understood. Using purified proteins, we reconstitute the regulation of the human dynein complex by three prominent regulators on dynamic microtubules in the presence of end binding proteins (EBs). We find that dynein can be in biochemically and functionally distinct pools: either tracking dynamic microtubule plus‐ends in an EB‐dependent manner or moving processively towards minus ends in an adaptor protein‐dependent manner. Whereas both dynein pools share the dynactin complex, they have opposite preferences for binding other regulators, either the adaptor protein Bicaudal‐D2 (BicD2) or the multifunctional regulator Lissencephaly‐1 (Lis1). BicD2 and Lis1 together control the overall efficiency of motility initiation. Remarkably, dynactin can bias motility initiation locally from microtubule plus ends by autonomous plus‐end recognition. This bias is further enhanced by EBs and Lis1. Our study provides insight into the mechanism of dynein regulation by dissecting the distinct functional contributions of the individual members of a dynein regulatory network.
Propuesta para gestionar la responsabilidad social empresarial en las tiendas “Juan Valdez” en Colombia
Authors: Morales Rey Sandra Janneth , Vargas Ordoñez Marcela 
Published: October 2017

<p>En la actualidad las organizaciones están bajo precisa observación de sus consumidores, que son rigurosos y buscan más allá de un buen producto o servicio. Las organizaciones se ven en la obligación de contribuir al desarrollo sostenible con la mejora continua de sus procesos, la gestión de la inocuidad y en especial con prácticas de responsabilidad social. Este artículo presenta el estudio realizado a las tiendas Juan Valdez con el fin de elaborar una propuesta para gestionar la responsabilidad social en Colombia según la guía internacional ISO 26000. El estudio aborda las tiendas Juan Valdez de Colombia en el marco de estrategias competitivas enfocadas en la responsabilidad social empresarial (RSE), donde se percibe la ausencia de un diagnóstico y de resultados reales en la organización. Para determinar los anterior, se plantea la estructura de dos instrumentos con base en lineamientos de la RSE; el diseño de estos instrumentos permite evaluar y contrastar la percepción de los trabajadores respecto a la ejecución real en las tiendas Juan Valdez. Además, se contrasta la estrategia de la compañía, con los principios y temas de responsabilidad social según la guía ISO 26000; por último, se caracteriza el funcionamiento de los principios y temas de RSE. El resultado evidencia que la compañía presenta ausencia de conocimiento de los funcionarios en relación con la forma como se debe gestionar la responsabilidad social como eje articulador de todas sus acciones. Adicionalmente resultan dos componentes con oportunidad de mejora: el desempeño ambiental y el social hacia la comunidad.</p>