bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unserious but Serious Pilgrimages: What Educational Philosophy Can Learn about Fiction and Reality from Children's Artful Play
Authors: Johansson Viktor 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWhat happens if we think of children's play as a form of great art that we turn to and return to for inspiration, for education? If we can see play as art, then what and how can we learn from children's play or from playing with them? What can philosophy, or philosophers, learn from children's play? In this essay Viktor Johansson gives examples of what and when children can teach philosophers through play or, more specifically, how children's play can teach philosophers about the relation between fiction and reality. It begins by exploring the educational relation between fiction and reality in recent revivals of literary humanism. Johansson gives examples from a preschool project of how children use fiction picture books and create new fiction in their play, and how they do so in ways that relate to previous philosophical considerations of literary fiction. To explore this, the essay enters into conversation with the work of Iris Murdoch on the playfulness of art. Through, and in contrast to, Murdoch's work, Johansson establishes that play can be great art through its nonpurposefulness and its use of skill and imagination. Moreover, turning to children's play becomes a method for attending to what Ludwig Wittgenstein calls philosophy's “natural history,” that is, a historicization of philosophical thinking that enables philosophers to learn from children. Johansson concludes by showing that encounters between fiction and play, and with children playing, can be an educational embroilment, not only between teacher and child, but between teacher, child, the visual, the material, and the philosophical in which all learn from one another.
Seascape genetics and biophysical connectivity modelling support conservation of the seagrass Zostera marina in the Skagerrak–Kattegat region of the eastern North Sea
Authors: Jahnke Marlene , Jonsson Per R. , Moksnes Per‐Olav , Loo Lars‐Ove , Nilsson Jacobi Martin , Olsen Jeanine L. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMaintaining and enabling evolutionary processes within meta‐populations are critical to resistance, resilience and adaptive potential. Knowledge about which populations act as sources or sinks, and the direction of gene flow, can help to focus conservation efforts more effectively and forecast how populations might respond to future anthropogenic and environmental pressures. As a foundation species and habitat provider, Zostera marina (eelgrass) is of critical importance to ecosystem functions including fisheries. Here, we estimate connectivity of Z. marina in the Skagerrak–Kattegat region of the North Sea based on genetic and biophysical modelling. Genetic diversity, population structure and migration were analysed at 23 locations using 20 microsatellite loci and a suite of analytical approaches. Oceanographic connectivity was analysed using Lagrangian dispersal simulations based on contemporary and historical distribution data dating back to the late 19th century. Population clusters, barriers and networks of connectivity were found to be very similar based on either genetic or oceanographic analyses. A single‐generation model of dispersal was not realistic, whereas multigeneration models that integrate stepping‐stone dispersal and extant and historic distribution data were able to capture and model genetic connectivity patterns well. Passive rafting of flowering shoots along oceanographic currents is the main driver of gene flow at this spatial–temporal scale, and extant genetic connectivity strongly reflects the “ghost of dispersal past“ sensu Benzie, . The identification of distinct clusters, connectivity hotspots and areas where connectivity has become limited over the last century is critical information for spatial management, conservation and restoration of eelgrass.
Repeatability of gait analysis measurements in Thoroughbreds in training
Authors: Sepulveda Caviedes M. F. , Forbes B. S. , Pfau T. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryBackgroundWith the view of implementing gait symmetry measurements in Thoroughbreds in training for early detection of injuries, repeatability of inertial measurement unit (IMU) gait parameters needs to be established.ObjectivesTo assess the variation of head and pelvis movement symmetry in Thoroughbreds in training.Study designRepeated observations in horses in race training.MethodsDaily and weekly repeat gait assessments were conducted in 14 Thoroughbreds equipped withIMUs on poll, sacrum and right (RTC) and left (LTC) tuber coxae. Gait was assessed in trot, in‐hand, on a level concrete surface. Difference between vertical displacement minima and maxima and range of motion (ROM) were obtained. Ranges containing 50% (median), 75, 90 and 95% of absolute daily and weekly differences were calculated and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) calculated for daily and weekly repeats.ResultsMedian absolute daily differences ranged from 4 to 7 mm and median weekly differences from 4 to 8 mm. 90% of daily differences were between 9 and 16 mm and 90% of weekly differences between 11 and 19 mm.ICCvalues were found on average across sensors and gait parameters as 0.73 (ranging from 0.40 to 0.92 across parameters) for daily repeats and as 0.65 (0.27 to 0.91) for weekly repeats.Main limitationsHorses were of varying training and movement asymmetry levels, and no veterinary lameness examination was conducted.ConclusionsDaily and weekly repeat gait assessments in this group of Thoroughbreds in training show lowerICCvalues than previously reported from within‐day repeats in horses during lameness examinations. We recommend conducting repeatability studies for specific groups of horses when planning long‐term studies aiming at identifying horses at risk of injury.
The peak stress method to calculate residual notch stress intensity factors in welded joints
Authors: Colussi M. , Ferro P. , Berto F. , Meneghetti G. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAccording to the recent literature, the intensity of linear elastic residual stress fields near the toe region of a welded joint can be quantified by the residual notch stress intensity factors (R‐NSIFs). The computational effort required to compute the R‐NSIFs implies strong limitations of applicability in practice, owing to the very refined meshes needed and to the non‐linear transient nature of welding process simulations, especially in 3‐dimensional numerical models of large structures. The peak stress method (PSM) is a design approach that takes care of the industrial needs of rapidity and ease of use. According to the PSM, it is possible to evaluate the R‐NSIFs by using the peak stress calculated at the point of singularity with coarse finite element (FE) models. While the PSM was originally calibrated by using the Ansys FE code, in the present contribution, the PSM has been calibrated to rapidly estimate the R‐NSIFs in the Sysweld FE environment.
Australian wheat production expected to decrease by the late 21st century
Authors: Wang Bin , Liu De L. , O'Leary Garry J. , Asseng Senthold , Macadam Ian , Lines‐Kelly Rebecca , Yang Xihua , Clark Anthony , Crean Jason , Sides Timothy , Xing Hongtao , Mi Chunrong , Yu Qiang 
Published: December 2017

AbstractClimate change threatens global wheat production and food security, including the wheat industry in Australia. Many studies have examined the impacts of changes in local climate on wheat yield per hectare, but there has been no assessment of changes in land area available for production due to changing climate. It is also unclear how total wheat production would change under future climate when autonomous adaptation options are adopted. We applied species distribution models to investigate future changes in areas climatically suitable for growing wheat in Australia. A crop model was used to assess wheat yield per hectare in these areas. Our results show that there is an overall tendency for a decrease in the areas suitable for growing wheat and a decline in the yield of the northeast Australian wheat belt. This results in reduced national wheat production although future climate change may benefit South Australia and Victoria. These projected outcomes infer that similar wheat‐growing regions of the globe might also experience decreases in wheat production. Some cropping adaptation measures increase wheat yield per hectare and provide significant mitigation of the negative effects of climate change on national wheat production by 2041–2060. However, any positive effects will be insufficient to prevent a likely decline in production under a high CO2 emission scenario by 2081–2100 due to increasing losses in suitable wheat‐growing areas. Therefore, additional adaptation strategies along with investment in wheat production are needed to maintain Australian agricultural production and enhance global food security. This scenario analysis provides a foundation towards understanding changes in Australia's wheat cropping systems, which will assist in developing adaptation strategies to mitigate climate change impacts on global wheat production.
Signals from the south; humpback whales carry messages of Antarctic sea‐ice ecosystem variability
Authors: Bengtson Nash Susan M. , Castrillon Juliana , Eisenmann Pascale , Fry Brian , Shuker Jon D. , Cropp Roger A. , Dawson Amanda , Bignert Anders , Bohlin‐Nizzetto Pernilla , Waugh Courtney A. , Polkinghorne Bradley J. , Dalle Luche Greta , McLagan David 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSouthern hemisphere humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) rely on summer prey abundance of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) to fuel one of the longest‐known mammalian migrations on the planet. It is hypothesized that this species, already adapted to endure metabolic extremes, will be one of the first Antarctic consumers to show measurable physiological change in response to fluctuating prey availability in a changing climate; and as such, a powerful sentinel candidate for the Antarctic sea‐ice ecosystem. Here, we targeted the sentinel parameters of humpback whale adiposity and diet, using novel, as well as established, chemical and biochemical markers, and assembled a time trend spanning 8 years. We show the synchronous, inter‐annual oscillation of two measures of humpback whale adiposity with Southern Ocean environmental variables and climate indices. Furthermore, bulk stable isotope signatures provide clear indication of dietary compensation strategies, or a lower trophic level isotopic change, following years indicated as leaner years for the whales. The observed synchronicity of humpback whale adiposity and dietary markers, with climate patterns in the Southern Ocean, lends strength to the role of humpback whales as powerful Antarctic sea‐ice ecosystem sentinels. The work carries significant potential to reform current ecosystem surveillance in the Antarctic region.
Bio‐ORACLE v2.0: Extending marine data layers for bioclimatic modelling
Authors: Assis Jorge , Tyberghein Lennert , Bosch Samuel , Verbruggen Heroen , Serrão Ester A. , De Clerck Olivier 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMotivationThe availability of user‐friendly, high‐resolution global environmental datasets is crucial for bioclimatic modelling. For terrestrial environments, WorldClim has served this purpose since 2005, but equivalent marine data only became available in 2012, with pioneer initiatives like Bio‐ORACLE providing data layers for several ecologically relevant variables. Currently, the available marine data packages have not yet been updated to the most recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) predictions nor to present times, and are mostly restricted to the top surface layer of the oceans, precluding the modelling of a large fraction of the benthic diversity that inhabits deeper habitats. To address this gap, we present a significant update of Bio‐ORACLE for new future climate scenarios, present‐day conditions and benthic layers (near sea bottom). The reliability of data layers was assessed using a cross‐validation framework against in situ quality‐controlled data. This test showed a generally good agreement between our data layers and the global climatic patterns. We also provide a package of functions in the R software environment (sdmpredictors) to facilitate listing, extraction and management of data layers and allow easy integration with the available pipelines for bioclimatic modelling.Main types of variable containedSurface and benthic layers for water temperature, salinity, nutrients, chlorophyll, sea ice, current velocity, phytoplankton, primary productivity, iron and light at bottom.Spatial location and grainGlobal at 5 arcmin (c. 0.08° or 9.2 km at the equator).Time period and grainPresent (2000–2014) and future (2040–2050 and 2090–2100) environmental conditions based on monthly averages.Major taxa and level of measurementMarine biodiversity associated with sea surface and epibenthic habitats.Software formatASCII and TIFF grid formats for geographical information systems and a package of functions developed for R software.
Species richness correlates of raw and standardized co‐occurrence metrics
Authors: Ulrich Werner , Kubota Yasuhiro , Kusumoto Buntarou , Baselga Andres , Tuomisto Hanna , Gotelli Nicholas J. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMeasuring β‐diversity and changes in species composition across multiple sites and environments is a major research focus in macroecology, and a variety of metrics have been proposed to quantify species co‐occurrence patterns in a species × site occurrence matrix. However, indices of β‐diversity and species co‐occurrence are often statistically dependent on the number of species in an assemblage. We compared the results of several common co‐occurrence metrics with patterns generated by a spatially explicit neutral model simulation. We found that all measures of co‐occurrence and β‐diversity, whether raw, rescaled or standardized by a null model expectation, were highly correlated with the total species richness of the landscape. The one important exception were the effect sizes of the fixed–fixed null model algorithm, which preserves row and column sums of the original matrix during matrix randomization. Our results call for a careful interpretation of meta‐analyses of assemblages that differ widely in species richness. At a minimum, observed species richness should be used as a statistical covariate in regression analyses, and results of the fixed–fixed algorithm should be compared carefully with the results of other randomization tests.
Resveratrol attenuates reproductive alterations in type 1 diabetes‐induced rats
Authors: Simas Joana Noguères , Mendes Talita Biude , Paccola Camila Cicconi , Vendramini Vanessa , Miraglia Sandra Maria 
Published: December 2017

SummaryThe progression of diabetes mellitus leads to several complications including overproduction of reactive oxygen species and reproductive alterations. As resveratrol (RES) is a powerful anti‐oxidant and an anti‐apoptotic compound, we hypothesized that side effects of type‐1 diabetes (DM1) on male reproduction could be reduced by the RES treatment. Eighty‐four prepubertal male rats were distributed into seven groups: sham‐control (SC), RES‐treated (R), resveratrol‐vehicle‐treated (RV), diabetic (D), diabetic‐insulin‐treated (DI), diabetic‐RES‐treated (DR), diabetic‐insulin and RES‐treated (DIR). DM1 was induced by a single intraperitoneal streptozotocin (STZ) injection (65 mg/kg) on the 30th day postpartum (dpp). Animals of DR, DIR and R groups received 150 mg/day of RES by gavage for 43 consecutive days (from the 33 to 75 dpp). DI and DIR rats received subcutaneous injections of insulin (1 U/100 g b.w./day) from 5th day after the DM1 induction. The blood glucose level was monitored. At 75 dpp, the euthanasia was performed for morphometric and biometric testicular analyses, spermatic evaluation and hormonal doses. In the D group, the blood glucose level was higher than in the DR, DI and DIR groups. Besides morphometric testicular measurements, testosterone and estradiol doses were lower in D group than in DR and DIR groups; LH dose was also lower than in DR. The preputial separation age was delayed in diabetes‐induced groups. The DR and DIR groups showed an improvement in sperm mitochondrial activity, epididymal sperm counts and the frequency of morphologically normal sperms. RES treatment improved glycaemic level, sperm quantitative and qualitative parameters and the hormonal profile in DM1‐induced rats and seems to be a good reproductive protector.
What Drives Interregional Bank Branch Closure? The Case of Japan's Regional Banks in the Post‐Deregulation Period
Authors: Nagano Mamoru , Ushijima Tatsuo 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSince the elimination of branch restrictions in the Japanese banking sector, the number of interregional branches closing has exceeded that of new branches being established. By analyzing branch data covering 2000–2012, we find that the probability of interregional branch closures is higher than that of intraregional branch closures because interregional branching worsens banks’ cost efficiency. Further, we show that the geographical distance between branches does not increase the probability of intraregional branch closures, but it does raise the probability of interregional branch closures. Moreover, banks that focus on SME markets have a higher probability of closure in interregional markets than those that focus on household loan markets.
Nexus between Institutional Quality and Capital Inflows at Different Stages of Economic Development
Authors: Athari Seyed Alireza , Adaoglu Cahit 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe examine the determinants of capital inflows for a global sample of countries at various stages of economic development, namely factor‐, efficiency‐, and innovation‐driven stages. We investigate the effect of institutional quality on capital inflows. The magnitude of institutional quality effect depends on the stage of economic development. Both public and private institutional qualities positively affect capital inflows in efficiency‐ and innovation‐driven countries. Specifically, corporate ethics and accountability are pull factors for capital inflows at all stages.
Can Hedge Funds Time the Market?
Authors: Brandt Michael W. , Nucera Federico , Valente Giorgio 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe answer the somewhat narrower question of whether hedge funds adjust their conditional market exposure in response to real‐time changes in macroeconomic conditions, and whether doing so improves their performance. We find that hedge funds differ substantially in their responsiveness to macroeconomic data. The most procyclical market timers outperform their less active and counter‐cyclical peers by over 4% annualized with a risk adjusted alpha of 5.5%.
New strategy to enhance the broadband near‐infrared emission of bismuth‐doped laser glasses
Authors: Cao Jiangkun , Li Xiaoman , Wang Liping , Zhang Ziyang , Xu Shanhui , Peng Mingying 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBismuth‐doped glasses and fibers with broadband near‐infrared (NIR) emission have garnered much attention on account of their potential applications in new fiber lasers and broadband amplifiers. Yet the realization of high gain from Bi‐doped fibers and highly efficient NIR emission from Bi‐doped glasses are still a stubborn puzzle. The enhancement of Bi NIR emission is normally based on modifying the glass composition and topology, which will change the structure of the glass over a wide range and alter the thermal or mechanical properties of the glass simultaneously, making it more complicated for the designing and fabricating of Bi fibers with good performance. Here, we find that a trace addition of Si3N4 can efficiently enhance the Bi NIR emission without changing the glass structure significantly, right followed by spectral and structural analysis. 27Al NMR measurement reveals that the short‐ to medium‐range order of this glass is unchanged. The EPMA measurement confirms the homogeneity of fabricated glass. The great enhancement and red‐shift under blue light excitation may originate from the conversion of Bi active centers to low valence. Our results indicate that the trace addition of nitride could be a facile and maneuverable way to control the valence of active ions in glasses, which may contribute to improving the performance of photonic glasses.
Learning from instructional animations: How does prior knowledge mediate the effect of visual cues?
Authors: Arslan‐Ari I. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of cueing and prior knowledge on learning and mental effort of students studying an animation with narration. This study employed a 2 (no cueing vs. visual cueing) × 2 (low vs. high prior knowledge) between‐subjects factorial design. The results revealed a significant interaction effect between prior knowledge and cueing on learning. Low prior knowledge learners had higher scores after studying an instructional animation with visual cues, compared to those who studied the same instructional animation without visual cues. Conversely, when cues were not provided, high prior knowledge learners outperformed those high prior knowledge learners who studied with the cued version of an instructional animation. These results indicated that the effects of cueing in an instructional animation change depending on the learners' level of prior knowledge. Specifically, low prior knowledge learners benefited more when visual cues were provided, whereas cues did not facilitate learning for high prior knowledge learners.
The effect of a single injection of irinotecan on the development of enamel in the Wistar rats
Authors: Al‐Ansari Sali , Jalali Rozita , Bronckers Ton , Raber‐Durlacher Judith , Logan Richard , de Lange Jan , Rozema Frederik 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCancer is the second most frequent cause of death in children. Because the prognosis for childhood malignancies has improved, attention has now focused on long‐term consequences of cancer treatment. The immediate effects of chemotherapy on soft tissues have been well described; however, there is less information about long‐term effects of chemotherapy on the development of dental tissues. To test the association between the effect of chemotherapy on enamel development, we examined two groups of rats: one that had received an intraperitoneal dose of 200 mg/kg of irinotecan, whereas the other (control) group had received vehicle only. Rats were killed at 6, 48 and 96 hr post‐injection; the mandibles dissected out, fixed for histological evaluation and scanned for mineralization defects by Micro‐CT. Our results showed structural changes in the ameloblast layer along with a significant reduction in mineralization and thickness of enamel at 96 hr after chemotherapy. These data demonstrate that irinotecan induces structural changes in forming enamel that become apparent after anticancer chemotherapy treatment.