bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Innovative Zinc Anodes: Advancing Metallurgy Methods to Battery Applications
Authors: Chang Linhui , Li Jiamin , Sun Qiangchao , Liu Xijun , Lu Xionggang , Cheng Hongwei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAqueous zinc metal batteries (AZMBs) are emerging as a powerful contender in the realm of large‐scale intermittent energy storage systems, presenting a compelling alternative to existing ion battery technologies. They harness the benefits of metal zinc's high safety, natural abundance, and favorable electrochemical potential (−0.762 V vs Standard hydrogen electrode, SHE), alongside an impressive theoretical capacity (820 mAh g−1 and 5655 mAh cm−3). However, the electrochemical performance of ZMBs is impeded by several challenges, including poor compatibility with high‐loading cathodes and persistent side reactions. These issues are intricately linked to the inherent physicochemical properties of the zinc metal anodes (ZMAs). Here, this review delves into the traditional methods of ZMAs production, encompassing extraction, electrodeposition, and rolling processes. The discussion then progresses to an exploration of cutting‐edge methodologies designed to enhance the electrochemical performance of ZMAs. These methods are categorized into alloying, pre‐treatment of substrate, advanced electrodeposition techniques, and the development of composite anodes utilizing zinc powder. The review offers a comparative analysis of the merits and drawbacks of various optimization strategies, highlighting the beneficial outcomes achieved. It aspires to inspire novel concepts for the advancement and innovation of next‐generation zinc‐based energy storage solutions.
Van der Waals Epitaxy of High‐Quality Transition Metal Dichalcogenides on Single‐Crystal Hexagonal Boron Nitride
Authors: Huang Jidong , Meng Junhua , Yang Huabo , Jiang Ji , Xia Zhengchang , Zhang Siyu , Zeng Libin , Yin Zhigang , Zhang Xingwang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractVan der Waals (vdW) heterostructures comprising of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) are promising building blocks for novel 2D devices. The vdW epitaxy provides a straightforward integration method for fabricating high‐quality TMDs/h‐BN vertical heterostructures. In this work, the vdW epitaxy of high‐quality single‐crystal HfSe2 on epitaxial h‐BN/sapphire substrates by chemical vapor deposition is demonstrated. The epitaxial HfSe2 layers exhibit a uniform and atomically sharp interface with the underlying h‐BN template, and the epitaxial relationship between HfSe2 and h‐BN/sapphire is determined to HfSe2 (0001)[110]//h‐BN (0001)[100]//sapphire (0001)[100]. Impressively, the full width at half maximum of the rocking curve for the epitaxial HfSe2 layer on single‐crystal h‐BN is as narrow as 9.6 arcmin, indicating an extremely high degree of out‐plane orientation and high crystallinity. Benefitting from the high crystalline quality of HfSe2 epilayers and the weak interfacial scattering of HfSe2/h‐BN, the photodetector fabricated from the vdW epitaxial HfSe2 on single‐crystal h‐BN shows the best performance with an on/off ratio of 1 × 104 and a responsivity up to 43 mA W−1. Furthermore, the vdW epitaxy of other TMDs such as HfS2, ZrS2, and ZrSe2 is also experimentally demonstrated on single‐crystal h‐BN, suggesting the broad applicability of the h‐BN template for the vdW epitaxy.
Cerebellar cortical degeneration in ‘Cirneco dell'Etna’ dog: First case report
Authors: Dini Fabrizio , Gavazza Alessandra , De Simone Donatella , Rodríguez‐Largo Ana , Rossi Giacomo , Mangiaterra Sara 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA 4‐month‐old, intact male, Cirneco dell'Etna dog was presented with clinical signs of cerebellar ataxia, hindlimb hypometry and short steps with rapid progression. No findings were obtained from blood examinations, magnetic resonance imaging and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examinations and the dog was euthanased when it was not able to walk. Histological examination and immunohistochemical staining of the cerebellum showed multifocal depletion of Purkinje cells, marked increase in cellularity (astrogliosis) and a moderate reduction of the cells of the granule layer and thinning of the molecular layer. This case report describes the first case of cerebellar cortical degeneration in a purebreed Cirneco dell'Etna dog.
Dynamic Phenotype Mapping in Evolutionary Algorithms for Energy Hub Scheduling
Authors: Poppenborg Rafael , Phipps Kaleb , Beichter Maximilian , Förderer Kevin , Mikut Ralf , Hagenmeyer Veit 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The integration of Renewable Energy Resources into the existing electricity grid to reduce Greenhouse Gas emissions raises several challenges, such as volatile generation. Optimized scheduling of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) within the Energy Hub concept can address these challenges by increasing the flexibility in the grid. However, this scheduling task can be categorized as an NP-hard optimization problem and requires the use of powerful heuristic algorithms to solve it. One such heuristic approach is an Evolutionary Algorithm (EA), however, EAs solution quality may be poor w.r.t. solution time when considering complex scheduling tasks of DERs. In our work, we improve the applied EA optimization by considering the predicted optimization quality. More specifically, we use Machine Learning (ML) algorithms trained on previous solutions to forecast the optimization quality. Based on these predictions, the computational effort of the EA is directed to particularly difficult areas of the search space. We direct the effort of the EA by dynamic interval length assignment during the phenotype mapping of the solutions proposed by the EA. We evaluate our approach by comparing multiple ML forecast algorithms and show that our approach leads to a significant increase of the evaluated degree of fulfillment by up to 4.4%.
Light-ray wave functions and integrability
Authors: Homrich Alexandre , Simmons-Duffin David , Vieira Pedro 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Using integrability, we construct (to leading order in perturbation theory) the explicit form of twist-three light-ray operators in planar $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM. This construction allows us to directly compute analytically continued CFT data at complex spin. We derive analytically the “magic” decoupling zeroes previously observed numerically. Using the Baxter equation, we also show that certain Regge trajectories merge together into a single unifying Riemann surface. Perhaps more surprisingly, we find that this unification of Regge trajectories is not unique. If we organize twist-three operators differently into what we call “cousin trajectories” we find infinitely more possible continuations. We speculate about which of these remarkable features of twist-three operators might generalize to other operators, other regimes and other theories.
Behandlung einer großen Wundhöhle bei Rektum-Anastomoseninsuffizienz mit dem VACStent GITM
Authors: Yohannes Alexander , Lange Jonas , Binder Daniel , Dormann Arno J. , Eisenberger Claus F. , Heiss Markus M. 
Published: October 2024

ZusammenfassungEin 56-jähriger Patient mit einem hoch sitzenden Rektumkarzinom entwickelte nach einer anterioren Rektumresektion mit partieller mesorektaler Exzision eine ausgedehnte Anastomoseninsuffizienz. Diese wurde mit dem VACStent GITM Colon (VACStent GmbH, Fulda, Deutschland) behandelt, der einen Wundverschluss mit simultaner Unterdruckwundbehandlung („negative pressure wound therapy“, NWPT) ermöglicht, ohne dass ein Anus praeter angelegt werden muss. Bereits innerhalb der ersten 7 Tage zeigte sich eine deutliche Besserung des Allgemeinzustands. Insgesamt wurden 5 Stents in 34 Tagen eingesetzt, welches zur vollständigen Ausheilung der Anastomoseninsuffizienz ohne Ausbildung einer Anastomosenstenose führte.
Aquiferous system, filtration rates and hydrodynamics of the syconoid calcareous sponge Urna sp.
Authors: Goldstein Josephine , Bisbo Nicklas , Funch Peter , Daugaard Nicoline D. , Larsen Poul S. , Brewer Jonathan R. , Riisgård Hans Ulrik 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to gain insight into the hydrodynamic characteristics of the relatively simple aquiferous system in specimens of a calcareous syconoid sponge, Urna sp. Data on the morphology and ultrastructure of the sponge combined with measured pumping rates were provided and used for subsequent estimates of the pressure drops of water flow through the aquiferous system. The pumping rates were estimated from microscope video-recordings as the product of osculum-cross sectional area and exhalant jet speed. Estimates are given of the sensitivity of pressure drops to dimensional changes associated with observed dynamic, contractile structures (e.g., osculum, apopyles), as well as possible artefacts introduced in the preparations for ultrastructural studies. The estimated pressure losses showed that the choanocyte pumps provide a pressure of 5.5 ± 3.9 Pa at a pumping rate of 1533 ± 1089 µm3 s−1 per choanocyte. Such high pumping rates, comparable to those of some choanoflagellates, have not been reported for syconoid and leuconoid sponges before. However, the corresponding sponge volume-specific pumping rates (about 10–30 min−1) are comparable to values reported in the literature for small sponges and explants that also have relatively higher pumping rates of choanocytes than larger sponges.
Has the cat got your tongue, or is something obstructing your throat? A review of imaging of ingested and aspirated foreign bodies in the paediatric population
Authors: Kvist Ola , Garcia Juan Pablo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractChildren frequently swallow or inhale foreign objects, a situation that can be life-threatening. Radiographic imaging plays a lead role in the early identification and location of inhaled or swallowed objects is essential. Promptly identifying and locating inhaled or swallowed objects are essential, as some items require immediate removal. For example, button batteries in the throat can cause grave harm; magnets can attract each other through the gut and cause perforations; and other objects can obstruct the airway or intestinal tract. Radiologists must understand how these objects appear in images to assist doctors in treating patients effectively. Recognising signs of inhaled objects on radiographs is also crucial, as symptoms may not always be clear, and many inhaled objects are not visible on radiographs. Radiographs are the primary means of checking for swallowed or inhaled objects, although other tests like fluoroscopy and computed tomography may be used in complex cases. Doctors working with children should be acquainted with the appearance of these common objects on images and their clinical importance.
Graphical Abstract
Daily functioning and (health-related) quality of life of young adult survivors of childhood bacterial meningitis
Authors: Tahir Omaima El , de Jonge Rogier C. J. , Pronk Jeroen , Goei Sui Lin , Terwee Caroline B. , van Furth A. Marceline Tutu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTo investigate daily functioning, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and overall quality of life (QoL) in young adult survivors of childhood bacterial meningitis (BM) thereby shedding light on very long-term outcomes and contributing to global meningitis burden estimates. In this cross-sectional study, the Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale-Self Report (WFIRS-S), the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Scale vGlobal Health v1.2 (PROMIS-GH), PROMIS-29 profile v2.01 and PROMIS Satisfaction with Social Roles and Activities Short Form 4a v2.0 instruments were administered to 483 survivors of childhood BM who participated in the 20|30 Dutch Postmeningitis study. Mean WFIRS-S scores were calculated as well as mean T-scores of the PROMIS instruments. PROMIS scores of survivors of childhood BM were compared with age-matched Dutch reference scores from the general population. Overall, survivors of childhood BM reported comparable or even better levels of daily functioning, HRQoL, and overall QoL (Global02) than the age-matched Dutch reference group. 10.2% of survivors of childhood BM reported poor mental health and 1.0% of survivors of childhood BM reported poor physical health. The average score of survivors of childhood BM for overall QoL (Global02) was 3.81 (on a scale from 1, indicating poor QoL, to 5, indicating excellent QoL). Conclusion: Young adult survivors of childhood BM reported similar and even better levels of daily functioning, HRQoL, and overall QoL than age-matched Dutch reference scores. However, clinicians and healthcare workers should be mindful of poor mental and physical health of some survivors of childhood BM because these survivors also face problems with functioning in daily life.

What is Known:• Acute bacterial meningitis is a life-threatening infection which may lead to devastating lifelong disabilities.• Health-related quality of life is decreased in school-age survivors of bacterial meningitis.

What is New:• The present study shows that HRQoL in survivors of childhood BM improves over time• However, especially poor mental health in adolescent and young adult survivors is associated with impaired functioning in daily life.
Prevalence and Management of Oral Intake Restrictions in Critically Ill Patients: Insights from a Multicenter Point Prevalence Study
Authors: Hongo Takashi , Yumoto Tetsuya , Liu Keibun , Nakamura Kensuke , Kawauchi Akira , Tsunemitsu Takefumi , Nakanishi Nobuto , Nakao Atsunori , Naito Hiromichi ,   Oral Intake in I. C. U. study group
Published: October 2024

AbstractOral intake restrictions due to dysphagia in the intensive care unit (ICU) can increase morbidity, mortality, and negatively impact quality of life. The current oral intake practice and clinical management strategies for addressing dysphagia in the ICU are not well-defined. This study aimed to elucidate the clinical practices surrounding oral intake restrictions due to dysphagia and its management strategies in the ICU. A multicenter, prospective, cross-sectional, 2-day point prevalence study was conducted in Japan. Relevant data on the clinical circumstances surrounding oral intake practice and the implementation of strategies to prevent dysphagia for patients admitted to the ICU on November 1, 2023, and December 1, 2023, were collected. The primary outcome was the prevalence of oral intake restrictions in patients, defined by a Functional Oral Intake Scale score of less than 7 among eligible patients for oral intake. Out of 326 participants, 187 were eligible for the final analysis after excluding 139 patients who were not eligible for oral intake, primarily due to tracheal intubation. Among those eligible, 69.0% (129/187) encountered oral intake restrictions. About 52.4% (98/187) of patients underwent swallowing screenings; 36.7% (36/98) of these were suspected of having dysphagia. Compensatory and behavioral swallowing rehabilitation were provided to 21.9% (41/187) and 10.6% (20/187) of patients, respectively, from ICU admission to the survey date. Only 27.4% (14/51) of post-extubation and 9.3% (3/32) of post-stroke patients received swallowing rehabilitation. Notably, no ICUs had dedicated speech and language therapists, and most (85.7%, 18/21) lacked established swallowing rehabilitation protocols. This 2-point prevalence survey study revealed that oral intake restrictions due to dysphagia are common in ICUs, but few patients are screened for swallowing issues or receive rehabilitation. More clinical studies are needed to develop effective protocols for identifying and managing dysphagia, including screenings and rehabilitation in the ICU.
Rapidly changing environmental conditions in a coastal setting during the Berriasian (“German Wealden”, lower Cretaceous): evidence from biomarker and bulk geochemical data
Authors: Blumenberg Martin , Scheeder Georg , Stoepke Fritz-Lukas , Pierau Roberto , Erbacher Jochen 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
During the Middle to Late Berriasian (so called “German Wealden”) a large lake system developed in the Lower Saxony Basin (LSB; in northwestern Germany) of which the eastern part is characterized by varying fluvial and lacustrine influences. The changeable situation through the earliest Cretaceous, particularly in the eastern LSB, is relatively understudied and a recently drilled well (KB-Rehburg 2; R-2) can help shedding light on these variations. R-2 covers the Berriasian ostracod zones Wealden 1 to 4 (Wd1 to Wd4), and palynomorphs presented in another study record stages with fluctuating predominantly terrigenous or aquatic organic matter. Short-term marine ingressions (MI) and more extensive transgressive events (TE) during that time interval have been reported, but some remained questionable. We here present novel organic geochemical data (including Rock–Eval and biomarkers) from R-2 showing a low maturity in terms of organic geochemical stress (Rock–Eval T
max ~ 435 to 445 °C) and bulk geochemical and biomarker data support the fluctuation in the sources of the predominating organic matter. In addition to the recently published marine influx events recorded in R-2, a significant decrease in pristane/phytane and increase in dinosterane index biomarker ratios demonstrate the previously unclear TE2 at the beginning of zone Wd4. While dinoflagellate cysts during that stage were reported to occur only sporadic, the dinoflagellate-specific dinosterane biomarker became highly abundant [“dinosterane/(regular steranes + dinosteranes)” ratio up to 0.15]. It demonstrates that dinoflagellates also flourished at R-2 during zone Wd4. This palynomorph/biomarker mismatch may be explained by the prevalence of non-cyst forming, or less likely, non-preservation of cells of dinoflagellates. Our data from R-2 also points at a likely widespread and general complication for palaeoreconstructions because we observed a slight lag between first records of palynomorphs used for TE and MI event identification compared to changing biomarker ratios and bulk organic geochemistry. We hypothesize that while the first likely demonstrate first occurrences of pioneer organisms, which mark events best, organic geochemical data appear to be more integrating and record changes only after establishment of a palaeoenvironment.

Graphical Abstract
Rapid method for screening of both calcium and magnesium chelation with comparison of 21 known metal chelators
Authors: Konečný Lukáš , Lomozová Zuzana , Karabanovich Galina , Roh Jaroslav , Vávrová Kateřina , Mladěnka Přemysl 
Published: October 2024

AbstractChelation is the rational treatment modality in metal overload conditions, but chelators are often non-selective and can, hence, cause an imbalance in the homeostasis of physiological metals including calcium and magnesium. The aim of this study was to develop an affordable, rapid but sensitive and precise method for determining the degree of chelation of calcium and magnesium ions and to employ this method for comparison on a panel of known metal chelators. Spectrophotometric method using o-cresolphthalein complexone (o-CC) was developed and its biological relevance was confirmed in human platelets by impedance aggregometry. The lowest detectable concentration of calcium and magnesium ions by o-CC was 2.5 μM and 2 μM, respectively. The indicator was stable for at least 110 days. Four and seven out of twenty-one chelators strongly chelated calcium and magnesium ions, respectively. Importantly, the chelation effect of clinically used chelators was not negligible. Structure–activity relationships for eight quinolin-8-ols showed improvements in chelation particularly in the cases of dihalogen substitution, and a negative linear relationship between pKa and magnesium chelation was observed. Calcium chelation led to inhibition of platelet aggregation in concentrations corresponding to the complex formation. A novel method for screening of efficacy and safety of calcium and magnesium ion chelation was developed and validated.
Graphical abstract
Assessment of validity, reliability, and feasibility of OMERACT ultrasound knee osteoarthritis scores in Egyptian patients with primary knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Menyawi Manal Abd El Moniem El , Gamal Galila , Abdelbadie Hoda , Elgohary Rasmia 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Ultrasound (US) can evaluate all joint components affected by knee osteoarthritis (KOA); however, standardized scoring of US-detected pathology is needed to improve its diagnostic and monitoring capabilities.

Objectives
To examine the validity, reliability, and feasibility of the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) ultrasound scoring for KOA, comparing with clinical and radiography measures, using predefined cutoff values.

Methods
This cross-sectional study included 75 Egyptian patients with primary KOA. All patients had Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score, bilateral knee radiography, and ultrasonography. Inter-observer reliability of ultrasound was evaluated in 30 knees by another newly trained operator.

Results
Most of the OMERACT-US KOA scores showed significant associations with WOMAC clinical scores, except for femoral cartilage damage and effusion. The synovitis score was significantly associated with WOMAC–pain score (p-value 0.046), while medial meniscus extrusion (MME) and medial osteophytes were significantly associated with WOMAC–stiffness score (p-value 0.009 and 0.023, respectively). MME and synovitis were significantly associated with WOMAC–physical score (p-value 0.035 and 0.020, respectively). The ultrasound scores also showed a strong correlation with radiographic scoring. Inter-observer reliability ranged from moderate to excellent agreement (k = 0.58 to k = 0.83); it was highest for lateral osteophytes (k = 0.83), good agreement for synovitis (k = 0.72), any osteophytes (k = 0.71), damage of femoral cartilage (k = 0.70), and moderate agreement for medial osteophytes (k = 0.58) and MME (k = 0.59).

Conclusion
OMERACT-US scoring system for KOA demonstrated validity, reliability, and feasibility for evaluating both structural and inflammatory components. Using cutoff values improved the scoring reliability for osteophytes and MME.

Key Points• OMERACT-US scores provide a valid assessment of inflammatory and structural components of knee osteoarthritis.• The following changes may improve the performance of the OMERACT-US scores.a. The binary score for effusion and synovial hypertrophy can be omitted, as they have no added value.b. A semi-quantitative grading for effusion may capture the impact of effusion on clinical outcomes.c. Added cutoff values to score medial meniscal extrusion, osteophytes, and pathological effusion improved the respective scores’ reliability.d. Applying the updated OMERACT definition of synovitis.• OMERACT-US scores are reliable to be used with a newly trained operator, particularly when cutoff values are included, and proper training time is provided.• The OMERACT-US score is feasible to be used in clinical practice, as the time taken to perform was short, even for a newly trained operator.