bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of the Great East Japan Earthquake on Regional Obstetrical Care in Miyagi Prefecture
Authors: Sugawara Junichi , Hoshiai Tetsuro , Sato Kazuyo , Tokunaga Hideki , Nishigori Hidekazu , Arai Takanari , Okamura Kunihiro , Yaegashi Nobuo 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectivesThe authors report the results of surveys on the emergency transport or evacuation status of obstetric patients conducted in Miyagi prefecture, one of the major disaster areas of the Great East Japan Earthquake and tsunami.MethodsThe surveys examined the damages to maternity institutions, evacuation status and transport of pregnant women, and prehospital childbirths and were conducted in 50 maternity institutions and 12 fire departments in Miyagi.ResultsTwo coastal institutions were destroyed completely, and four institutions were destroyed partially by the tsunami, forcing them to stop medical services. In the two-month period after the disaster, 217 pregnant women received hospital transport or gave birth after evacuation. Satisfactory perinatal outcomes were maintained. Emergency obstetric transport increased to approximately 1.4 fold the number before the disaster. Twenty-three women had prehospital childbirths, indicating a marked increase to approximately three times the number of the previous year.ConclusionIn the acute phase of the tsunami disaster, maternity institutions were damaged severely and perinatal transport was not possible; as a result, pregnant women inevitably gave birth in unplanned institutions, and the number of prehospital births was increased extremely. To obtain satisfactory obstetric outcomes, it is necessary to construct a future disaster management system and to re-recognize pregnant women as people with special needs in disaster situations.SugawaraJ, HoshiaiT, SatoK, TokunagaH, NishigoriH, AraiT, OkamuraK, YaegashiN. Impact of the Great East Japan Earthquake on regional obstetrical care in Miyagi Prefecture. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2016;31(3):255–
258.
Therapie der Gicht
Authors: Ankli Barbara , Krähenbühl Stephan 
Published: March 2016

Zusammenfassung. Trotz Fortschritten in Diagnostik und therapeutischem Armentarium sind die meisten Gicht-Patienten ungenügend therapiert. Die internationalen Guidelines (EULAR, ACR, 3e initiative) geben klare Therapieziele an (Schubfreiheit und stabile Harnsäurespiegel unter 360 µmol/l). Die Erreichung dieser Ziele wird durch eine z. T. mangelnde Patienten-Compliance und fehlende Adhärenz von ärztlicher Seite her erschwert. Zudem unterliegen die Gicht-Patienten oft mehreren Komorbiditäten wie Metabolischem Syndrom, kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen und Niereninsuffizienz. Die Patientengruppe mit fortgeschrittener Niereninsuffizienz ist am schwierigsten zu therapieren, so ist die Auswahl der antientzündlichen und harnsäuresenkenden Medikamente limitiert und die Dosierung muss angepasst werden, zudem neigen diese Patienten zu rezidivierenden Schüben. Die Tendenz in den Guidelines zeigt über die Jahre eine breitere Indikationsstellung für eine Harnsäuresenkung, eine obligate Schubprophylaxe für mehrere Monate bei Therapiebeginn der Harnsäuresenker und bei akutem Schub ein sofortiger Beginn der Harnsäuresenkung, sobald die Symptome am Abklingen sind. Das bevorzugte Schubtherapeutikum bleibt Colchizin, das unter gewissen Vorsichtsmassnahmen niedrigdosiert gut wirksam und nebenwirkungsarm ist. Daneben sind NSAR und Steroide als Schubtherapeutika zu nennen. Seit einigen Jahren stellen Interleukin-1 Blocker eine rasch wirksame Schubtherapie bei speziellen Indikationen wie chronischer Gicht und schwergradiger Niereninsuffizienz dar. Harnsäuresenker Nr. 1 bleiben die Xanthinoxidasehemmer, im Vordergrund steht weiterhin Allopurinol, das neuere Febuxostat kann bei Niereninsuffizienz bis zu einer GFR von 30 ml/min in unveränderter Dosis gegeben werden. Die Uricosurica werden in Kombination mit einem Xanthinoxidasehemmer empfohlen, falls die Monotherapie ungenügend ist und noch eine genügende Nierenfunktion besteht. In der Schweiz ist einzig Probenecid auf dem Markt. Uricase bewirkt eine rasche Harnsäuresenkung, ist aber nur in Ausnahmefällen, wie schwerer tophöser Gicht, indiziert. Ein immer grösseres Augenmerk liegt neben der medikamentösen Therapie auf der Patientenschulung und den Lifestylemassnahmen. Die Patientenschulung kann die Compliance verbessern, und ein rascheres Erreichen der Therapieziele ermöglichen. Die meisten Gicht-Patienten werden in der hausärztlichen Sprechstunde betreut, Patienten mit therapierefraktärer Gicht (rezidivierende Schübe, Tophi, erosive Arthritis), schwer niereninsuffiziente oder transplantierte Patienten benötigen zusätzlich eine rheumatologische Betreuung.
Acetylation of C/EBPα inhibits its granulopoietic function
Authors: Bararia Deepak , Kwok Hui Si , Welner Robert S. , Numata Akihiko , Sárosi Menyhárt B. , Yang Henry , Wee Sheena , Tschuri Sebastian , Ray Debleena , Weigert Oliver , Levantini Elena , Ebralidze Alexander K. , Gunaratne Jayantha , Tenen Daniel G. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractCCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα) is an essential transcription factor for myeloid lineage commitment. Here we demonstrate that acetylation of C/EBPα at lysine residues K298 and K302, mediated at least in part by general control non-derepressible 5 (GCN5), impairs C/EBPα DNA-binding ability and modulates C/EBPα transcriptional activity. Acetylated C/EBPα is enriched in human myeloid leukaemia cell lines and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) samples, and downregulated upon granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF)- mediated granulocytic differentiation of 32Dcl3 cells. C/EBPα mutants that mimic acetylation failed to induce granulocytic differentiation in C/EBPα-dependent assays, in both cell lines and in primary hematopoietic cells. Our data uncover GCN5 as a negative regulator of C/EBPα and demonstrate the importance of C/EBPα acetylation in myeloid differentiation.
Challenging nickel-catalysed amine arylations enabled by tailored ancillary ligand design
Authors: Lavoie Christopher M. , MacQueen Preston M. , Rotta-Loria Nicolas L. , Sawatzky Ryan S. , Borzenko Andrey , Chisholm Alicia J. , Hargreaves Breanna K. V. , McDonald Robert , Ferguson Michael J. , Stradiotto Mark 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPalladium-catalysed C(sp2)–N cross-coupling (that is, Buchwald–Hartwig amination) is employed widely in synthetic chemistry, including in the pharmaceutical industry, for the synthesis of (hetero)aniline derivatives. However, the cost and relative scarcity of palladium provides motivation for the development of alternative, more Earth-abundant catalysts for such transformations. Here we disclose an operationally simple and air-stable ligand/nickel(II) pre-catalyst that accommodates the broadest combination of C(sp2)–N coupling partners reported to date for any single nickel catalyst, without the need for a precious-metal co-catalyst. Key to the unprecedented performance of this pre-catalyst is the application of the new, sterically demanding yet electron-poor bisphosphine PAd-DalPhos. Featured are the first reports of nickel-catalysed room temperature reactions involving challenging primary alkylamine and ammonia reaction partners employing an unprecedented scope of electrophiles, including transformations involving sought-after (hetero)aryl mesylates for which no capable catalyst system is known.
High-sensitivity acoustic sensors from nanofibre webs
Authors: Lang Chenhong , Fang Jian , Shao Hao , Ding Xin , Lin Tong 
Published: March 2016

AbstractConsiderable interest has been devoted to converting mechanical energy into electricity using polymer nanofibres. In particular, piezoelectric nanofibres produced by electrospinning have shown remarkable mechanical energy-to-electricity conversion ability. However, there is little data for the acoustic-to-electric conversion of electrospun nanofibres. Here we show that electrospun piezoelectric nanofibre webs have a strong acoustic-to-electric conversion ability. Using poly(vinylidene fluoride) as a model polymer and a sensor device that transfers sound directly to the nanofibre layer, we show that the sensor devices can detect low-frequency sound with a sensitivity as high as 266 mV Pa−1. They can precisely distinguish sound waves in low to middle frequency region. These features make them especially suitable for noise detection. Our nanofibre device has more than five times higher sensitivity than a commercial piezoelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride) film device. Electrospun piezoelectric nanofibres may be useful for developing high-performance acoustic sensors.
Sex-specific neural circuits of emotion regulation in the centromedial amygdala
Authors: Wu Yan , Li Huandong , Zhou Yuan , Yu Jian , Zhang Yuanchao , Song Ming , Qin Wen , Yu Chunshui , Jiang Tianzi 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSex-related differences in emotion regulation (ER) in the frequency power distribution within the human amygdala, a brain region involved in emotion processing, have been reported. However, how sex differences in ER are manifested in the brain networks which are seeded on the amygdala subregions is unclear. The goal of this study was to investigate this issue from a brain network perspective. Utilizing resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) analysis, we found that the sex-specific functional connectivity patterns associated with ER trait level were only seeded in the centromedial amygdala (CM). Women with a higher trait-level ER had a stronger negative RSFC between the right CM and the medial superior frontal gyrus (mSFG), and stronger positive RSFC between the right CM and the anterior insula (AI) and the superior temporal gyrus (STG). But men with a higher trait-level ER was associated with weaker negative RSFC of the right CM-mSFG and positive RSFCs of the right CM-left AI, right CM-right AI/STG, and right CM-left STG. These results provide evidence for the sex-related effects in ER based on CM and indicate that men and women may differ in the neural circuits associated with emotion representation and integration.
The outer-membrane export signal of Porphyromonas gingivalis type IX secretion system (T9SS) is a conserved C-terminal β-sandwich domain
Authors: de Diego Iñaki , Ksiazek Miroslaw , Mizgalska Danuta , Koneru Lahari , Golik Przemyslaw , Szmigielski Borys , Nowak Magdalena , Nowakowska Zuzanna , Potempa Barbara , Houston John A. , Enghild Jan J. , Thøgersen Ida B. , Gao Jinlong , Kwan Ann H. , Trewhella Jill , Dubin Grzegorz , Gomis-Rüth F. Xavier , Nguyen Ky-Anh , Potempa Jan 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn the recently characterized Type IX Secretion System (T9SS), the conserved C-terminal domain (CTD) in secreted proteins functions as an outer membrane translocation signal for export of virulence factors to the cell surface in the Gram-negative Bacteroidetes phylum. In the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis, the CTD is cleaved off by PorU sortase in a sequence-independent manner, and anionic lipopolysaccharide (A-LPS) is attached to many translocated proteins, thus anchoring them to the bacterial surface. Here, we solved the atomic structure of the CTD of gingipain B (RgpB) from P. gingivalis, alone and together with a preceding immunoglobulin-superfamily domain (IgSF). The CTD was found to possess a typical Ig-like fold encompassing seven antiparallel β-strands organized in two β-sheets, packed into a β-sandwich structure that can spontaneously dimerise through C-terminal strand swapping. Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) revealed no fixed orientation of the CTD with respect to the IgSF. By introducing insertion or substitution of residues within the inter-domain linker in the native protein, we were able to show that despite the region being unstructured, it nevertheless is resistant to general proteolysis. These data suggest structural motifs located in the two adjacent Ig-like domains dictate the processing of CTDs by the T9SS secretion pathway.
Population-genetic properties of differentiated copy number variations in cattle
Authors: Xu Lingyang , Hou Yali , Bickhart Derek M. , Zhou Yang , Hay El Hamidi abdel , Song Jiuzhou , Sonstegard Tad S. , Van Tassell Curtis P. , Liu George E. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWhile single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is typically the variant of choice for population genetics, copy number variation (CNV) which comprises insertion, deletion and duplication of genomic sequence, is an informative type of genetic variation. CNVs have been shown to be both common in mammals and important for understanding the relationship between genotype and phenotype. However, CNV differentiation, selection and its population genetic properties are not well understood across diverse populations. We performed a population genetics survey based on CNVs derived from the BovineHD SNP array data of eight distinct cattle breeds. We generated high resolution results that show geographical patterns of variations and genome-wide admixture proportions within and among breeds. Similar to the previous SNP-based studies, our CNV-based results displayed a strong correlation of population structure and geographical location. By conducting three pairwise comparisons among European taurine, African taurine, and indicine groups, we further identified 78 unique CNV regions that were highly differentiated, some of which might be due to selection. These CNV regions overlapped with genes involved in traits related to parasite resistance, immunity response, body size, fertility, and milk production. Our results characterize CNV diversity among cattle populations and provide a list of lineage-differentiated CNVs.
Surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy of single bowtie nano-antennas using a differential reflectivity method
Authors: Kaniber M. , Schraml K. , Regler A. , Bartl J. , Glashagen G. , Flassig F. , Wierzbowski J. , Finley J. J. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe report on the structural and optical properties of individual bowtie nanoantennas both on glass and semiconducting GaAs substrates. The antennas on glass (GaAs) are shown to be of excellent quality and high uniformity reflected by narrow size distributions with standard deviations for the triangle and gap size of "Equation missing" = 4.5 nm "Equation missing" = 2.6 nm"Equation missing" and "Equation missing" = 5.4 nm "Equation missing" = 3.8 nm"Equation missing", respectively. The corresponding optical properties of individual nanoantennas studied by differential reflection spectroscopy show a strong reduction of the localised surface plasmon polariton resonance linewidth from 0.21 eV to 0.07 eV upon reducing the antenna size from 150 nm to 100 nm. This is attributed to the absence of inhomogeneous broadening as compared to optical measurements on nanoantenna ensembles. The inter-particle coupling of an individual bowtie nanoantenna, which gives rise to strongly localised and enhanced electromagnetic hotspots, is demonstrated using polarization-resolved spectroscopy, yielding a large degree of linear polarization of ρmax ~ 80%. The combination of highly reproducible nanofabrication and fast, non-destructive and non-contaminating optical spectroscopy paves the route towards future semiconductor-based nano-plasmonic circuits, consisting of multiple photonic and plasmonic entities.
Impact of structure space continuity on protein fold classification
Authors: Xu Jinrui , Zhang Jianzhi 
Published: March 2016

AbstractProtein structure classification hierarchically clusters domain structures based on structure and/or sequence similarities and plays important roles in the study of protein structure-function relationship and protein evolution. Among many classifications, SCOP and CATH are widely viewed as the gold standards. Fold classification is of special interest because this is the lowest level of classification that does not depend on protein sequence similarity. The current fold classifications such as those in SCOP and CATH are controversial because they implicitly assume that folds are discrete islands in the structure space, whereas increasing evidence suggests significant similarities among folds and supports a continuous fold space. Although this problem is widely recognized, its impact on fold classification has not been quantitatively evaluated. Here we develop a likelihood method to classify a domain into the existing folds of CATH or SCOP using both query-fold structure similarities and within-fold structure heterogeneities. The new classification differs from the original classification for 3.4–12% of domains, depending on factors such as the structure similarity score and original classification scheme used. Because these factors differ for different biological purposes, our results indicate that the importance of considering structure space continuity in fold classification depends on the specific question asked.
Irradiation deformation near different atomic grain boundaries in α-Zr: An investigation of thermodynamics and kinetics of point defects
Authors: Arjhangmehr A. , Feghhi S. A. H. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractUnderstanding radiation performance of nanocrystalline Zr-based alloys is essential to develop internal components and external cladding materials with self-healing capabilities for longer and safer life cycles in harsh reactor environments. However, the precise role of interfaces in modifying defect production and evolution in α-Zr is not yet determined. Using atomistic simulation methods, we investigate the influence of different atomic grain boundaries (GBs) in thermodynamic and kinetic properties of defects on short timescales. We observe that the sink efficiency and sink strength of interfaces vary significantly with the boundary structures, with a preference to absorb interstitials (vacancies) when the GBs are semi-parallel (semi-perpendicular) relative to the basal planes. Further, we identify three distinct primary cascade geometries and find that the residual defect clustering in grain interiors depends on how the atomic GBs modify the spatial distribution of defects within the crystal structure. Finally, we explain and discuss the dynamic results in terms of energetic and kinetic behaviors of defects near the pristine and damaged boundaries. Eventually, these will provide a microscopic reference for further improving the radiation response of Zr by using fine grains or by introducing a high density of dispersoids in material metallurgy.
Solvent-surface interactions control the phase structure in laser-generated iron-gold core-shell nanoparticles
Authors: Wagener Philipp , Jakobi Jurij , Rehbock Christoph , Chakravadhanula Venkata Sai Kiran , Thede Claas , Wiedwald Ulf , Bartsch Mathias , Kienle Lorenz , Barcikowski Stephan 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis work highlights a strategy for the one-step synthesis of FeAu nanoparticles by the pulsed laser ablation of alloy targets in the presence of different solvents. This method allows particle generation without the use of additional chemicals; hence, solvent-metal interactions could be studied without cross effects from organic surface ligands. A detailed analysis of generated particles via transmission electron microscopy in combination with EDX elemental mapping could conclusively verify that the nature of the used solvent governs the internal phase structure of the formed nanoparticles. In the presence of acetone or methyl methacrylate, a gold shell covering a non-oxidized iron core was formed, whereas in aqueous media, an Au core with an Fe3O4 shell was generated. This core-shell morphology was the predominant species found in >90% of the examined nanoparticles. These findings indicate that fundamental chemical interactions between the nanoparticle surface and the solvent significantly contribute to phase segregation and elemental distribution in FeAu nanoparticles. A consecutive analysis of resulting Fe@Au core-shell nanoparticles revealed outstanding oxidation resistance and fair magnetic and optical properties. In particular, the combination of these features with high stability magnetism and plasmonics may create new opportunities for this hybrid material in imaging applications.
ATX-LPA1 axis contributes to proliferation of chondrocytes by regulating fibronectin assembly leading to proper cartilage formation
Authors: Nishioka Tatsuji , Arima Naoaki , Kano Kuniyuki , Hama Kotaro , Itai Eriko , Yukiura Hiroshi , Kise Ryoji , Inoue Asuka , Kim Seok-Hyung , Solnica-Krezel Lilianna , Moolenaar Wouter H. , Chun Jerold , Aoki Junken 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe lipid mediator lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) signals via six distinct G protein-coupled receptors to mediate both unique and overlapping biological effects, including cell migration, proliferation and survival. LPA is produced extracellularly by autotaxin (ATX), a secreted lysophospholipase D, from lysophosphatidylcholine. ATX-LPA receptor signaling is essential for normal development and implicated in various (patho)physiological processes, but underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Through gene targeting approaches in zebrafish and mice, we show here that loss of ATX-LPA1signaling leads to disorganization of chondrocytes, causing severe defects in cartilage formation. Mechanistically, ATX-LPA1signaling acts by promoting S-phase entry and cell proliferation of chondrocytes bothin vitroandin vivo, at least in part through β1-integrin translocation leading to fibronectin assembly and further extracellular matrix deposition; this in turn promotes chondrocyte-matrix adhesion and cell proliferation. Thus, the ATX-LPA1axis is a key regulator of cartilage formation.
Cloning of chrysanthemum high-affinity nitrate transporter family (CmNRT2) and characterization of CmNRT2.1
Authors: Gu Chunsun , Song Aiping , Zhang Xiaoxue , Wang Haibin , Li Ting , Chen Yu , Jiang Jiafu , Chen Fadi , Chen Sumei 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe family of NITRATE TRANSPORTER 2 (NRT2) proteins belongs to the high affinity transport system (HATS) proteins which acts at low nitrate concentrations. The relevant gene content of the chrysanthemum genome was explored here by isolating the full length sequences of six distinct CmNRT2 genes. One of these (CmNRT2.1) was investigated at the functional level. Its transcription level was inducible by low concentrations of both nitrate and ammonium. A yeast two hybrid assay showed that CmNRT2.1 interacts with CmNAR2, while a BiFC assay demonstrated that the interaction occurs at the plasma membrane. Arabidopsis thaliana plants heterologously expressing CmNRT2.1 displayed an enhanced rate of labeled nitrogen uptake, suggesting that CmNRT2.1 represents a high affinity root nitrate transporter.
A Flexible and Wearable Human Stress Monitoring Patch
Authors: Yoon Sunghyun , Sim Jai Kyoung , Cho Young-Ho 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA human stress monitoring patch integrates three sensors of skin temperature, skin conductance, and pulsewave in the size of stamp (25 mm × 15 mm × 72 μm) in order to enhance wearing comfort with small skin contact area and high flexibility. The skin contact area is minimized through the invention of an integrated multi-layer structure and the associated microfabrication process; thus being reduced to 1/125 of that of the conventional single-layer multiple sensors. The patch flexibility is increased mainly by the development of flexible pulsewave sensor, made of a flexible piezoelectric membrane supported by a perforated polyimide membrane. In the human physiological range, the fabricated stress patch measures skin temperature with the sensitivity of 0.31 Ω/°C, skin conductance with the sensitivity of 0.28 μV/0.02 μS, and pulse wave with the response time of 70 msec. The skin-attachable stress patch, capable to detect multimodal bio-signals, shows potential for application to wearable emotion monitoring.