bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why do physicians practice osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT)? A survey study
Authors: Lease Samantha M. , Figueroa Casanova Jose S. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Context
Few osteopathic physicians (Doctors of Osteopathic Medicine [DOs]) utilize osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) in their clinical practice, although all DOs are trained to do so. The reasons why many do not utilize OMT are not entirely clear. Anecdotally, these authors have observed that if a physician utilizes OMT, it is because they witnessed the efficacy for themselves in real-life clinical diagnoses found on patients or volunteers. This study seeks to explore this phenomenon.

Objectives
This study seeks to explore the relationship between witnessing the efficacy of OMT and the future use of OMT in clinical practice.

Methods
Surveys were sent to DOs who work with Des Moines University’s College of Osteopathic Medicine (COM) clinical students as well as osteopathic medical students enrolled at the Des Moines University’s COM. Survey data were analyzed by separating physicians into cohorts based on their use of OMT and students into cohorts based on their interest in utilizing OMT in future practice.

Results
DOs who practice OMT reported at least one, and often multiple, instances of witnessing the efficacy of OMT on real-life patients or volunteers while in their first 2 years of medical school. Those who do not utilize OMT reported few opportunities to witness the efficacy of OMT on a real-life patient. For physicians, 96.1 % of those who utilize OMT in their practice had the opportunity to see it work positively during the first 2 years of medical school, whereas only 7.4 % who do not utilize OMT had the opportunity. These findings are mirrored in the experience of current osteopathic medical students who are interested and uninterested in utilizing OMT in their future practice.

Conclusions
These findings emphasize the importance of exposing our medical students to some type of ‘real-life’ experience early in their careers; the data show that these experiences can be very beneficial in expanding the interest in utilizing osteopathic manipulative medicine (OMM) in future practice. COMs can consider the implementation of programs that provide this experience to students, including extracurricular activities dedicated to the use of OMT.
Entrepreneurs in Africa – the agenda for Business History in Africa: Complexity and continuity
Authors: Verhoef Grietjie 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Africa has been the location of centuries of business activity. African business displays a complex development path through early indigenous kingdoms, colonial control and post–1950 independence. The historiography on these developments is unbalanced in favour of the role performed by enterprises embedded in capitalist metropolitan economies. Complex and dynamic African entrepreneurial activity persisted but adapted to global market changes. Business historians have not systematically explored African agencies in business, the management systems and the organisational evolution of enterprise in Africa. As market liberalisation provided new business opportunities, African businesses emerged to complement and compete with foreign-owned enterprises. As market liberalisation stimulated globalisation, multi-national companies returned to African markets, fostering competition and collaboration. Changes in the political economy of many African states gave rise to more dynamic regulatory contexts and public-private partnerships in different sectors of developing African economies. These trends appear in the Business History of Africa from the perspective of African business, owned by Africans from diverse ethnic origins as proof of the complex trends and processes in African enterprise development. This contribution seeks to refine the focus on business and entrepreneurs in Africa as agents in the continent’s business landscape. The manuscript acknowledges the diversity among African entrepreneurs and the dynamically changing state-business nexus through history. Can one identify a distinct «African» nature of enterprise? This manuscript addresses aspects of conceptual clarity on what constitutes African business in an attempt to map the agenda for Business History in Africa.
J. A. Ajao and the real estate enterprise in 20th century Lagos
Authors: Animashaun Idris 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Scholarly studies of business enterprises in colonial Lagos have neglected Chief Joseph Adediran Ajao, a foremost investor in the real estate enterprise. Though there are sketchy details about him in social circles and passing but constant references to him typified by «Ajao Estate» and «Papa Ajao» communities, there is yet to be any thorough scholarly study of his enterprise. Using family records, archival documents, court records, newspaper reports, interviews, published works, and site visit, this study examines the entrepreneurship of Chief Joseph Adediran Ajao. It sheds light on Chief Ajao’s entrepreneurial exploit first in the import and export trade from which he earned substantial wealth, and ultimately on his investment in land and real estate, where he left an extant impression as one of the largest land-owning individuals in Lagos. On the premise that African culture had a significant impact on African businesses, this study is situated within the context of Yoruba philosophy of business and enterprise. The study concludes that: one, Chief J. A. Ajao was a forerunner of the emergence of real estate enterprise in Lagos; two, Chief J. A. Ajao’s import-export business, J. A. Ajao and Brothers, though eclipsed by his real estate enterprise, was no less significant; and three, J. A. Ajao’s enterprise ensured that his name achieved an eponym status in Lagos.
Assessing the Transparency of Methods in Scientific Reporting
Authors: Zogmaister Cristina , Vezzoli Michela , Facchin Alessio , Conte Federica Paola , Rizzi Ezia , Giaquinto Francesco , Cavicchiolo Elisa , Fusco Gabriele , Pegoraro Sara , Simioni Maura 
Published: September 2024

Enhancing transparency in scientific reports is crucial to foster trust, facilitate reproducibility, and ensure the integrity of research, ultimately advancing the progress of knowledge and innovation. To devise strategies for enhancing transparency in scientific reports, the initial step is to assess the current state: to objectively measure the current level of transparency, identifying its shortcomings and associated factors, and to gauge improvements, for instance, following interventions. Here we present a new tool and a proof of concept to this endeavor.
Using a checklist, we evaluated the methods transparency of a corpus of 180 papers published in 2011 and 2021 in five top-tier psychology journals. We specifically focused on the materials, procedures, and characteristics of population and sample. We summarized the level of transparency in the methods of each paper with the Transparency Of Methods (TOM) score. This score consists of the proportion of relevant information regarding the method that is available to the reader of a scientific report, either in the main text of the paper, or the appendixes, supplementary materials, and online open repository. It ranges from 0 (i.e., no transparency in the relevant aspects of the methods and materials) to 1 (i.e., the scientific report is fully transparent in all the relevant materials and methods).
The results affirm TOM’s potential for assessing the transparency of scientific reporting and offer two snapshots of transparency in the methods of published papers, a decade apart. While they indicate progress has been made, there remains room for further enhancements and highlight specific areas that require attention.
In conclusion, this work underscores the ongoing need for improvement in methods’ transparency and introduces a valuable tool, demonstrating its applicability as a means to evaluate the transparency of scientific reports.
Development and validation of a short version of the quality of life-DSD questionnaire for parents of young children with conditions affecting sex development
Authors: Ali Salma R , Gardner Melissa , Xin Yiqiao , O’Toole Stuart , Flett Martyn , Lee Boma , Steven Mairi , Sandberg David E , Ahmed S Faisal 
Published: September 2024

Background
There is a paucity of information on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) outcomes in parents and children with conditions affecting sex development. The objective of this study was to develop short forms of HRQoL questionnaires which consist of a 63-item and 25-item parent self-report (PSR) and parent proxy-report (PPR), respectively, optimizing use in routine clinical settings.

Methods
Short questionnaires were developed following exploratory factor analysis using raw data from 132 parents. Long and short PSRs were completed by 24 parents of children with conditions affecting sex development, with a median age of 3.6 years (range 0.1, 6.6); 21 (88%) were boys, and 11 (46%) had proximal hypospadias. A subset of 19 parents completed both long and short PPRs.

Results
Item selection, based on factor loadings of >0.8 and expert consultation, produced short PSRs and PPRs containing 16 and 7 items, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in 11 out of 12 (92%) scales on the PSR and 4 out of 5 (80%) scales on the PPR when comparing short and long questionnaire scores. The short and long questionnaires took <1 min and 5 min to complete, respectively. Eighteen parents (75%) reported that the time taken to complete the short questionnaires was acceptable; 10 (42%) preferred short questionnaires. Ten (42%) versus 6 (25%) stated a preference for completing the short versus long questionnaires.

Conclusion
The short versions were largely representative of the long questionnaires and are acceptable for evaluating psychosocial distress in young children and their caregivers. Further psychometric validation of the short forms is warranted.
Plotinus' power account of perception: Ennead IV.6.2
Authors: Hangai Attila 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe paper provides a close reading of Plotinus' obscure chapter Ennead IV.6.2. I try to make clear, beyond the central thesis that sense-perception is an active power, how it contributes to the argument of the whole treatise, how its seemingly disconnected comments make up a coherent line of thought, and how it remains consistent with Plotinus' positions expressed elsewhere.
Dentigerous cyst of inflammatory origin: a case report
Authors: Bunn  BK , Gwengu P , Mudau S 
Published: September 2024

To document a case of a dentigerous cyst of inflammatory origin which developed due to periapical infection from a grossly carious deciduous tooth. An 11-year-old male patient presented with a 4-month history of swelling within the right mandible. Radiological examination showed a cystic lesion in association with an impacted, displaced tooth 44 with an overlying carious 85. Marked expansion of the buccal bone was noted.
Nilai Sosial dan Sikap Gotong Royong dalam Tradisi Umbung Kutei pada Masyarakat Suku Rejang di Kabupaten Kepahiang
Authors: Rahmadani Adea Putri , Amaliyah Yuli 
Published: September 2024

<p>Fokus penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan dan menjelaskan nilai sosial dan gotong royong yang terkandung di dalam tradisi <em>umbung kutei</em> masyarakat suku rejang di kabupaten kepahiang. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di desa kelobak kecamatan kepahiang kabupaten kepahiang. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan banyak nilai-nilai sosial yang muncul pada saat tradisi tersebut berlangsung seperti, adanya nilai-nilai sosial seperti kepedulian, kebersamaan, saling tolong menolong yang dapat memper erat hubungan sosial antar masyarakat. Selain itu sikap gotong royong juga tercermin dalam pelaksanaan tradisi tersebut seperti pada saat mendirikan bangunan tempat tradisi tersebut dilaksanakan bersama-sama, gotong royong pun terlihat pada saat menyajikan makanan kepada para tetamu yang hadir. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tradisi <em>Umbung Kutei</em> masih dilaksanakan dan mendorong antusias Masyarakat untuk turut ambil peran dalam pelaksanaan tradisi ini. Dengan diadakannya tradisi <em>Umbung Kutei</em> diperoleh beberapa manfaat, yaitu terjalinnya hubungan sosial yang baik antar Masyarakat, meringankan beban tuan yang memiliki hajat atau acara, terciptanya kegembiraan, dan yang utama yaitu munculnya nilai-nilai sosial dan sikap gotong royong.</p>
Analisis Jenis Kesulitan Belajar IPA di SD : Sebuah Studi Kasus Kualitatif
Authors: Fajari Laksmi Evasufi Widi , Umalihayati Umalihayati , Purwatisari Ani , Faradilah Sarah , Agustina Anggi Ratna , Qoyimah Qoyimah , Purnama Ilham 
Published: September 2024

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam (IPA) adalah disiplin ilmu yang mengkaji segala fenomena dan objek alam semesta. Penelitian ini berfokus pada identifikasi kendala yang dihadapi siswa sekolah dasar dalam memahami konsep-konsep IPA</span><span>. </span><span>Metode penelitian menggunakan kualitatif pendekatan studi kasus dengan teknik pengumpulan data observasi, wawancara dan angket. Sampel penelitian siswa sekolah dasar kelas IV dan guru melalui </span><span>purposive sampling</span><span>. Teknik analisis data menggunakan tahapan antara lain mengumpulkan data, reduksi data, menyajikan data, serta menarik kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1) kesulitan belajar ringan disebabkan kurangnya perhatian guru dan fasilitas media pembelajaran yang memadai; (2) kesulitan belajar sedang disebabkan adanya gangguan belajar dari faktor lingkungan dan keluarga; (3) kesulitan belajar berat disebabkan adanya ketunaan yang dialami siswa seperti tunarungu, tunawicara, tunadaksa, dan lainnya. Penelitian ini membantu dalam mengidentifikasi kesulitan belajar sehingga intervensi dapat diberikan lebih cepat dan efektif. </span></p><div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p> </p></div></div></div></div></div></div>
Konvergensi dan Pemanfaatan Tanaman Obat Lokal Bagi Siswa Sekolah Dasar Guna Meningkatkan Pembelajaran Berbasis Kearifan Lokal
Authors: Lestari Atsnal Mala , Sari Fahma Hanum , Ifadha Fanny Irnadianis , Amilia Farah Nur 
Published: September 2024

<p>Artikel ini membahas pentingnya konvergensi antara penggunaan tanaman obat lokal dan pembelajaran berbasis kearifan lokal di sekolah dasar. Ini sangat penting untuk melestarikan warisan budaya bangsa Indonesia serta dapat meningkatkan kesehatan dan kesejahteraan siswa, dan juga dapat meningkatkan kesadaran terhadap lingkungan sekitar. Aspek ini dapat memberikan kontribusi yang signifikan bagi siswa sekolah dasar. Metode pembelajaran berbasis kearifan lokal dan pemanfaatan tanaman obat lokal dapat dilakukan dengan mengintegrasikan pengetahuan tradisional dan ilmiah dalam kurikulum, siswa dapat belajar mengidentifikasi, menanam, dan merawat tanaman obat lokal secara langsung di lingkungan sekolah atau komunitas. Dengan demikian, metode ini tidak hanya mendukung pendidikan konservasi sumber daya alam tetapi juga mempromosikan kearifan lokal sebagai bagian integral dari pendidikan mereka. Contoh tanaman obat lokal seperti jahe, kunyit, kencur, temulawak, lengkuas, dan daun sirih. Tanaman ini tidak hanya memiliki nilai sebagai sumber pengobatan tradisional tetapi juga sebagai bagian penting dari warisan budaya dan kearifan lokal. Integrasi pengetahuan ini dalam kurikulum sekolah dasar dapat memberikan pengalaman belajar yang mendalam dan relevan bagi siswa memperluas pemahaman mereka tentang lingkungan alam dan budaya sekitarnya dengan mempelajari tanaman obat lokal, siswa tidak hanya mengembangkan keterampilan praktis dalam merawat dan menggunakan tanaman tersebut tetapi juga mendukung pelestarian biodiversitas lokal serta mendorong praktik hidup yang berkelanjutan dan berbudaya.</p>
Reversal of Type 2 Diabetes Using Nutrition and Lifestyle Interventions
Authors: Owosela Kingsley 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
The worldwide prevalence and burden of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) keeps growing at a frightening rate and uncontrolled diabetes has become one of the most common reasons for restricted fitness to work in the oil and gas industry. Based on the 2021 International Diabetes Federation's statistics, MENA Region has the highest regional prevalence of 16.2% and is expected to reach 31% by 2045 (IDF, 2021).
Type 2 diabetes has long been classified as an irredeemable chronic metabolic disease based on the standards of care treatment approach. The best outcome expected has been the improvement of symptoms or slowing the predictable consequences of diabetes. Although traditional view has been that diabetes is irredeemable and unstoppable, the paradigm is changing. Evidence from numerous studies show that type 2 diabetes remission and reversal is possible through health education, low-carb Mediterranean diet and other lifestyle interventions.

Aim
The purpose of this retrospective study was to assess the effectiveness of our company's diabetes program on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), body weight, and fasting blood sugar (FBS) for the remission or reversal of Type 2 Diabetes.

Methods
The study involved 106 employees with T2DM within the age range of 21 to 60 years and HbA1c value between 7.0% to 14.0%. The participants were assigned holistic diabetes expert doctors that provided tailored holistic nutrition, sustainable fitness, and counseling/behavioral modification/education to reverse T2DM. Lab values of FBS, HbA1c, and body weight of the patients were recorded at the start and the end of the study. The determine the efficacy of the program, we compared the results in the program to that of a control group with 73 individuals diagnosed with T2DM and treated with diabetes pharmaceuticals but not part of the company's diabetes program.

Results
After analysis (mean ± SD), a substantial reduction in FBS, HbA1c, and body weight was observed in the program participants in comparison to the control. Based on the results HbA1c decreased from 10.5 ± 1.3% to 5.7 ± 1.0% with a mean drop of 4.8±1.2%; FBS reduced from 195.1 ± 53.4 mg/dL to 93.2 ± 18.8 mg/dL with an average FBS reduction of 101.9 ± 45.3 mg/dL, and body weight dropped from 89.8 ± 11.2 kg to 74.6 ± 11.8 kg with a mean loss of 15.2 kg.

Conclusion
These results demonstrate that a holistic diabetes care program involving individualized holistic nutrition, sustainable exercise training, counseling, lifestyle behavioral modification, and education similar to our diabetes program, can help to improve and sustain a healthy blood sugar status and body weight in individuals with T2DM. In comparison to the aforementioned MENA region prevalence of 16.2% and the company's prevalence of 13.4% in 2019, the prevalence now stands at 3.2%.
Effectiveness of Tuberculosis Screening to Detect Active Tuberculosis and Prevent Workplace Transmission Among Workers in Congregate Living Settings in Papua New Guinea
Authors: Kumar Nirven , Kapiri Cain 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objectives/Scope
The World Health Organization (WHO) has classified Papua New Guinea (PNG) as a high tuberculosis (TB)-burden country; therefore, the risk for TB infections among camp residents is high. ExxonMobil PNG (EMPNG) implemented a TB screening program using the QuantiFERON-G (QFT-G) screening method. The objective of this paper is to study the effectiveness of detecting and preventing the transmission of active TB at the EMPNG work sites in PNG.

Methods, Procedures, Process
The EMPNG TB screening program requires annual TB screening for these individuals: a) All workers who live and work at a remote camp for 30 days or more per year. b) Visitors to remote sites who will work and live on sites for more than 30 days a year. Project health workers monitor individuals who test positive for active or latent TB, since the QFT-G test does not determine the TB status of a person. Individuals with active TB are quarantined and referred for treatment. Those with latent TB (LTBI) must have annual reviews at the site clinic.

Results, Observations, Conclusions
A review of the data over a 10-year period identified 23% percent of individuals with LTBI; all these individuals were placed in a latent TB register and monitored closely in the event they convert to active TB. They were all required to undergo annual medical examinations and were told to report to the clinic if they developed any respiratory symptoms. Of the 57 personnel who converted to active TB within three years, 30 were detected as part of the annual LTBI monitoring program. While QFT-G TB screening was helpful in identifying those with LTBI, its role was limited in the detection of active TB at the time of screening. All those diagnosed with active TB in the workplace were symptomatic individuals who visited the site clinic because they were unwell or were symptomatic individuals who had progressed from LTBI to active TB and were under the LTBI monitoring program. There was no recorded workplace transmission of TB from individuals with active TB, with early reporting a possible contributing factor. The disease progression rate from LTBI to active TB was 1.2%. This percentage is slightly lower than data published by the WHO and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. By actively monitoring those on the LTBI register, we were able to ensure that individuals sought medical attention as soon as they developed symptoms.

Novel/Additive Information
There is no standard guidance on a TB screening program for workers in congregate living settings in the oil and gas industry. While the TB screening program at the EMPNG work sites did not detect active TB during screening, it detected latent TB cases who were monitored closely in the event they convert to active TB. Any TB screening program should complement other components of a TB control program which are awareness/ training and early detection and diagnosis.