bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relational Priming Based on a Multiplicative Schema for Whole Numbers and Fractions
Authors: DeWolf Melissa , Son Ji Y. , Bassok Miriam , Holyoak Keith J. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWhy might it be (at least sometimes) beneficial for adults to process fractions componentially? Recent research has shown that college‐educated adults can capitalize on the bipartite structure of the fraction notation, performing more successfully with fractions than with decimals in relational tasks, notably analogical reasoning. This study examined patterns of relational priming for problems with fractions in a task that required arithmetic computations. College students were asked to judge whether or not multiplication equations involving fractions were correct. Some equations served as structurally inverse primes for the equation that immediately followed it (e.g., 4 × 3/4 = 3 followed by 3 × 8/6 = 4). Students with relatively high math ability showed relational priming (speeded solution times to the second of two successive relationally related fraction equations) both with and without high perceptual similarity (Experiment 2). Students with relatively low math ability also showed priming, but only when the structurally inverse equation pairs were supported by high perceptual similarity between numbers (e.g., 4 × 3/4 = 3 followed by 3 × 4/3 = 4). Several additional experiments established boundary conditions on relational priming with fractions. These findings are interpreted in terms of componential processing of fractions in a relational multiplication context that takes advantage of their inherent connections to a multiplicative schema for whole numbers.
Randomized clinical trial comparing the efficacy and safety of treatment with the once‐weekly dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4) inhibitor omarigliptin or the once‐daily DPP‐4 inhibitor sitagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin monotherapy
Authors: Goldenberg Ronald , Gantz Ira , Andryuk Paula J. , O'Neill Edward A. , Kaufman Keith D. , Lai Eseng , Wang Yin Na , Suryawanshi Shailaja , Engel Samuel S. 
Published: January 2017

AimTo compare the efficacy and safety of the once‐weekly oral dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4) inhibitor omarigliptin or once‐daily DPP‐4 inhibitor sitagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and inadequate glycaemic control on metformin.Materials and methodsPatients with T2DM with a glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) concentration ≥6.5% to ≤9.0% while on a stable dose of metformin (≥1500 mg/d) were randomized in a double‐blind manner to receive omarigliptin 25 mg once weekly (n = 322) or sitagliptin 100 mg once daily (n = 320). The primary analysis assessed whether omarigliptin was non‐inferior to sitagliptin in reducing HbA1c at week 24, based on the criterion of having an upper bound of the 95% confidence interval (CI) about the difference less than the non‐inferiority bound of 0.3%.ResultsThe mean baseline HbA1c was 7.5% in both groups. After 24 weeks, the least squares (LS) mean change in HbA1c from baseline was −0.47% in the omarigliptin group and −0.43% in the sitagliptin group, with a between‐group difference of −0.03% (95% CI −0.15, 0.08). This result met the prespecified criterion for declaring non‐inferiority. The LS mean change from baseline in fasting plasma glucose and the percentage of patients with HbA1c <7.0% or <6.5% at week 24 were similar in the two treatment groups. There were no notable differences in adverse events and the incidence of symptomatic hypoglycaemia was low and similar in the groups.ConclusionsIn patients with T2DM and inadequate glycaemic control on metformin, the addition of omarigliptin 25 mg once weekly or sitagliptin 100 mg once daily led to similar improvements in glycaemic control. Both agents were generally well tolerated with a low incidence of hypoglycaemia.
A Project‐Based Approach to Executive Education
Authors: Jacobson Dax , Chapman Richard , Ye Christine , Van Os Jerry 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTExecutive education (EE) has been an important part of business school offerings for nearly as long as there have been business schools. Similarly, business schools were among the first in higher education to adopt online approaches as a means for course delivery. Despite this experience, few business schools have been able to successfully integrate EE with online delivery approaches. This study suggests that a project‐based approach can achieve EE/online delivery integration. The case is first made for a project‐based approach by telling the story of our institution's journey toward a project‐based EE model. Challenges, successes, and plans for the future are then discussed.
Enhancing Online Executive Education Using Storytelling: An Approach to Strengthening Online Social Presence
Authors: Kendall Julie E. , Kendall Kenneth E. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTOne distinctive requirement of Executive Education is the need to integrate the corporate experiences of participants and frame them within a common body of knowledge wherein experiences can be shared, analyzed, and absorbed by all participants. What might customarily arise out of classroom camaraderie must now be technologically designed and supported from the outset in online executive education. Our research question is: What can be done to develop online executive programs that utilize the richness of executive experiences as the foundation for analyzing, comprehending, and retaining key concepts learned throughout the course? Storytelling is proposed as a method to capture and use corporate experiences of participating executives in meaningful ways while developing a strong social presence among participants online. This study explores organizational stories, identifying unique story elements and their purposes, and discussing how they can be introduced into online executive courses through modeled behavior, a part of social cognitive theory. Storytelling is compared to traditional case studies and chat rooms. While storytelling may be more difficult to implement, there are significant advantages to storytelling, including making the experience more real, increasing comprehension of concepts, and improving the retention of knowledge.
The three criteria for resistance by plant carrion‐provisioning: insect entrapment and predator enrichment on Mimulus bolanderi
Authors: LOPRESTI ERIC F. , TOLL KATHERINE 
Published: January 2017

1. Many sticky plants provision mutualistic scavenging arthropod predators with carrion, which in turn protect the plant from insect herbivores. While insect entrapment is a common trait across plants, which plants attract these predators and may derive protection is still largely unknown.2. Three conditions were proposed that must be satisfied for observational data to suggest this defensive strategy: (i) the consistent presence of scavenging predators, (ii) positive correlation between predator numbers and carrion, and (iii) suitability of these predators for controlling known herbivores.3. As a case study, we examined the fire‐following annual, Mimulus [Diplacus] bolanderi (Phyrmaceae), which is part of a well‐studied radiation of California monkeyflowers. Many monkeyflowers entrap insects, though attraction to predators has not been quantified in this genus.4. A guild of scavenging arthropod predators on M. bolanderi (condition #1) was found, which correlated positively with carrion abundance (#2) and could consume the primary herbivore (#3), suggesting a carrion‐mediated defensive strategy. Lastly, as M. bolanderi is variable in time and space, these interactions are facultative, and these predators are quick to adopt ephemeral carrion resources on novel host plants.
Artificial boulderfield yields a surprise: The Smoky Mouse in Kosciuszko National Park, Australia
Authors: Schulz Martin , Wilks Gabriel 
Published: January 2017

SummarySpoil dumps in the subalpine and montane environments of Kosciuszko National Park in far south‐eastern Australia are modified landscapes which in the past were considered to have little faunal value. Recent finds (2010–2011) of the critically endangered Mountain Pygmy‐possum (Burramys parvus) have resulted in a reconsideration of the importance of such landscapes to fauna. Such re‐evaluation has been translated into on‐ground actions, including the construction of an artificial boulderfield on one spoil dump as habitat targeting Mountain Pygmy‐possum in rehabilitation works. Trapping 7 and 19–20 months, respectively, after these works has so far not recorded this Pygmy‐possum. However, it led to the discovery of another critically endangered species, the Smoky Mouse (Pseudomys fumeus). Two males (with three recaptures) and one female were captured in 250 trapnights in November 2015 and an additional male in 600 trapnights in December 2015. The capture of this enigmatic species is highly significant as it is the first live capture of the species in the park and it is only the second locality in which live captures have been made in New South Wales since 2001. The location of the Smoky Mouse in spoil dumps further emphasises how these areas provide existing and potential habitat for native fauna species.
UVA‐1 exposure in vivo leads to an IL‐6 surge within the skin
Authors: Schneider Lars Alexander , Raizner Katharina , Wlaschek Meinhard , Brenneisen Peter , Gethöffer Kerstin , Scharffetter‐Kochanek Karin 
Published: January 2017

AbstractUVA‐1 is a known promotor of skin ageing. Cytokines like IL‐1α, Il‐1β or TNF‐α, VEGF and IL‐6 orchestrate UV effects, and IL‐6 is furthermore an effector of UVA‐induced photoageing. We investigated how fractionated UVA‐1 doses influence the cytokine milieu and especially the IL‐6 levels in the skin in vivo. In a study with 35 participants, we exposed previously unirradiated human skin to three UVA‐1 irradiation regimes. Cytokine levels in interstitial skin fluid were measured up to 48 hours postexposure and compared to unirradiated control skin fluid. Our results show that IL‐6 levels increased significantly after UVA‐1 exposure at selected time points. The other candidates IL‐1α, Il‐1β or TNF‐α and VEGF show no significant response after UVA‐1 exposure in vivo. UVA‐1 thus raises selectively IL‐6 levels in vivo, a fact that underlines its role in photoageing and has potential implications for its modulatory effect on photoageing pathology.
Loss of FAS/FASL signalling does not reduce apoptosis in Sharpin null mice
Authors: Potter Christopher S. , Silva Kathleen A. , Kennedy Victoria E. , Stearns Timothy M. , HogenEsch Harm , Sundberg John P. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractMice with mutations in SHANK‐associated RH domain interactor (Sharpin) develop a hypereosinophilic auto‐inflammatory disease known as chronic proliferative dermatitis. Affected mice have increased apoptosis in the keratinocytes of the skin, oesophagus and forestomach driven by extrinsic TNF receptor‐mediated apoptotic signalling pathways. FAS receptor signalling is an extrinsic apoptotic signalling mechanism frequently involved in inflammatory skin diseases. Compound mutations in Sharpin and Fas or Fasl were created to determine whether these death domain proteins influenced the cutaneous phenotype in Sharpin null mice. Both Sharpin/Fas and Sharpin/Fasl compound mutant mice developed an auto‐inflammatory phenotype similar to that seen in Sharpin null mice, indicating that initiation of apoptosis by FAS signalling is likely not involved in the pathogenesis of this disease.
Collapse of human scalp microbiome network in dandruff and seborrhoeic dermatitis
Authors: Park Taehun , Kim Hye‐Jin , Myeong Nu Ri , Lee Hyun Gee , Kwack Ilyoung , Lee Johnhwan , Kim Beom Joon , Sul Woo Jun , An Susun 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe investigate the relationship between scalp microbiota and dandruff/seborrhoeic dermatitis (D/SD), an unpleasant scalp disorder common in human populations. Bacterial and fungal community analyses on scalp of 102 Korean were performed by next‐generation sequencing. Overall scalp microbiome composition significantly differed between normal and disease groups, and especially co‐occurrence network of dominant members was breakdown in disease groups. These findings will provide novel insights into shifts of microbial community relevant to D/SD.
The parathyroid hormone family member TIP39 interacts with sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+‐ ATPase activity by influencing calcium homoeostasis
Authors: Sato Emi , Williams Michael R. , Sanford James A. , Sen George L. , Nakama Takekuni , Imafuku Shinichi , Gallo Richard L. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractDarier disease (DD) is a genetic skin disease that is associated with mutations in the ATP2A2 gene encoding the type 2 sarco/endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+‐ ATPase (SERCA2). Mutations of this gene result in alterations of calcium homoeostasis, abnormal epidermal adhesion and dyskeratosis. Silencing of ATP2A2 in monolayer cell culture of keratinocytes reduces desmoplakin expression at the borders of cells and impacts cell adhesion. Here, we report establishment of a three‐dimensional (3D) epidermal model of DD and use this model to evaluate peptide therapy with tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues (TIP39) to normalize calcium transport. Gene silencing of ATP2A2 in keratinocytes grown in a 3D model resulted in dyskeratosis, partial parakeratosis and suprabasal clefts that resembled the histological changes seen in skin biopsies from patients with DD. TIP39, a peptide recently identified as a regulator of keratinocyte calcium transport, was then applied to this ATP2A2‐silenced 3D epidermal model. In normal keratinocytes, TIP39 increased [Ca2+]i through the inositol trisphosphate (IP3) receptor pathway and stimulated differentiation. In monolayer ATP2A2‐silenced keratinocytes, although TIP39 increased cytosolic calcium from the ER, the response was incomplete compared with its control. TIP39 was observed to reduce intercellular clefts of the gene‐silenced epidermal model but did not significantly upregulate keratinocyte differentiation genes such as keratin 10 and filaggrin. These findings indicate that TIP39 is a modulator of ER calcium signalling and may be used as a potential strategy for improving aspects of DD.
Management of coronary artery disease and acute coronary syndrome in the chronic kidney disease population—A review of the current literature
Authors: Lingel Justin M. , Srivastava Mukta C. , Gupta Anuj 
Published: January 2017

AbstractCoronary Artery Disease (CAD) is a large contributor to morbidity and mortality in the chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) population. Due to the fact that many large‐scale trials evaluating management for acute coronary syndromes (ACS) and CAD have excluded patients with CKD, there is a paucity of data investigating medical management of CAD and revascularization strategies of these patients. Further, while there have been many advances in the treatment for ACS and CAD, both medically and technologically, few studies have focused on the CKD population and many predate these advancements in management. Newer studies that include CKD patients have shown heterogeneity in various outcomes, making management decisions challenging. In this review, we summarize the epidemiologic significance of ACS and CAD in patients with CKD, discuss the diagnosis of ACS in this patient population, and review the therapeutic interventions in patients with CKD.
How does temperature influences the development of lactococcosis? Transcriptomic and immunoproteomic in vitro approaches
Authors: Castro R , Reguera‐Brito M , López‐Campos G H , Blanco M M , Aguado‐Urda M , Fernández‐Garayzábal J F , Gibello A 
Published: January 2017

AbstractLactococcus garvieae is the aetiological agent of lactococcosis, a haemorrhagic septicaemia that affects marine and freshwater fish, with special incidence and economic relevance in farmed rainbow trout. Water temperature is one of the most important predisposing factors in the development of lactococcosis outbreaks. Lactococcosis in trout usually occur when water temperatures rise to about 18 °C, while fish carriers remain asymptomatic at temperatures below 13 °C. The aim of this work was to analyse the differences in the complete transcriptome response of L. garvieae grown at 18 °C and at 13 °C and to identify the immunogenic proteins expressed by this bacterium at 18 °C. Our results show that water temperature influences the expression of L. garvieae genes involved in the lysis of part of the bacterial cell population and in the cold response bacterial adaptation. Moreover, the surface immunogenic protein profile at 18 °C suggests an important role of the lysozyme‐like enzyme, WxL surface proteins and some putative moonlighting proteins (proteins with more than one function, usually associated with different cellular locations) as virulence factors in L. garvieae. The results of this study could provide insights into the understanding of the virulence mechanisms of L. garvieae in fish.
Palatal morphology changes in post‐stroke patients measured by geometric morphometrics
Authors: Huanca Ghislanzoni L. , Leemann B. , Christou P. , Müller F. , Schimmel M. , Kiliaridis S. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryThis study aimed to describe longitudinal palatal shape changes in post‐stroke patients when compared to a sample of healthy subjects through linear measurements and geometric morphometrics. The 3D palatal scanned models of seven stroke patients having a 1‐year post‐stroke follow‐up were matched with seven control subjects of the same age group (range 50–87 years). Intercanine, intermolar distances and palatal height were measured. 3D images were also analysed through geometric morphometrics to assess changes in the shape of the palate from T0 to T1 (1 year after the stroke). Principal component analysis was used to describe shape morphology changes, and visual colour maps were used to qualitatively assess differences between T0 and T1. No changes were detected nor in linear measures neither in palatal shape in healthy subjects from T0 to T1. The palates of stroke patients showed no linear differences either. However, when visualising shape changes through colour maps, the lateral aspects of the palatal vault were slightly narrower in T1, with respect to T0 in stroke patients. This may be attributed to altered tongue function following the stroke.
Melatonin regulates lipid metabolism in porcine oocytes
Authors: Jin Jun‐Xue , Lee Sanghoon , Taweechaipaisankul Anukul , Kim Geon A. , Lee Byeong Chun 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIt is being increasingly recognized that the processes of lipogenesis and lipolysis are important for providing an essential energy source during oocyte maturation and embryo development. Recent studies demonstrated that melatonin has a role in lipid metabolism regulation, including lipogenesis, lipolysis, and mitochondrial biogenesis. In this study, we attempted to investigate the effects of melatonin on lipid metabolism during porcine oocyte in vitro maturation. Melatonin treatment significantly enhanced the number of lipid droplets (LDs) and upregulated gene expression related to lipogenesis (ACACA, FASN, PPARγ, and SREBF1). Oocytes treated with melatonin formed smaller LDs and abundantly expressed several genes associated with lipolysis, including ATGL, CGI‐58, HSL, and PLIN2. Moreover, melatonin significantly increased the content of fatty acids, mitochondria, and ATP, as indicated by fluorescent staining. Concomitantly, melatonin treatment upregulated gene expression related to fatty acid β‐oxidation (CPT1a, CPT1b, CPT2, and ACADS) and mitochondrial biogenesis (PGC‐1α, TFAM, and PRDX2). Overall, melatonin treatment not only altered both the morphology and amount of LDs, but also increased the content of fatty acids, mitochondria, and ATP. In addition, melatonin upregulated mRNA expression levels of lipogenesis, lipolysis, β‐oxidation, and mitochondrial biogenesis‐related genes in porcine oocytes. These results indicated that melatonin promoted lipid metabolism and thereby provided an essential energy source for oocyte maturation and subsequent embryonic development.
Use of Oncept melanoma vaccine in 69 canine oral malignant melanomas in the UK
Authors: Verganti S. , Berlato D. , Blackwood L. , Amores‐Fuster I. , Polton G. A. , Elders R. , Doyle R. , Taylor A. , Murphy S. 
Published: January 2017

ObjectivesOral malignant melanomas carry a poor‐to‐guarded prognosis because of their local invasiveness and high metastatic propensity. The Oncept melanoma vaccine is licensed to treat dogs with stage II or III locally‐controlled oral malignant melanoma and this retrospective study aimed to assess survival of affected dogs treated with the vaccine in the UK.Material and MethodsMedical records of dogs with histopathologically‐confirmed oral malignant melanoma that received the vaccine as part of their treatment were evaluated. Survival analyses for potential prognostic factors were performed.ResultsSixty‐nine dogs were included; 56 dogs, staged I to III, and with previous locoregional therapy, had a median survival time of 455 days (95% CI: 324 to 586 days). Based on Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis with associated log‐rank testing, no significant prognostic factors were identified for this population. Of the 13 patients with macroscopic disease treated with vaccine alone or in combination therapy, eight showed clinical response. Three patients with stage IV oral malignant melanoma survived 171, 178 and 288 days from diagnosis.Clinical SignificancePatients treated with the melanoma vaccine in our study had survival times similar to their counterparts receiving the vaccine in the USA. There were observed responses in patients with macroscopic disease and so the vaccine could be considered as palliative treatment in dogs with stage IV disease.
Three decades of continuous wrist‐activity recording: analysis of sleep duration
Authors: Borbély Alexander A. , Rusterholz Thomas , Achermann Peter 
Published: January 2017

SummaryMotor activity recording by a wrist‐worn device is a common method to monitor the rest–activity cycle. The first author wore an actimeter continuously for more than three decades, starting in 1982 at the age of 43.5 years. Until November 2006 analysis was performed on a 15‐min time base, and subsequently on a 2‐min time base. The timing of night‐time sleep was determined from the cessation and re‐occurrence of daytime‐level activity. Sleep duration declined from an initial 6.8 to 6 h in 2004. The declining trend was reversed upon retirement, whereas the variance of sleep duration declined throughout the recording period. Before retirement, a dominant 7‐day rhythm of sleep duration as well as an annual periodicity was revealed by spectral analysis. These variations were attenuated or vanished during the years after retirement. We demonstrate the feasibility of continuous long‐term motor activity recordings to study age‐related variations of the rest–activity cycle. Here we show that the embeddedness in a professional environment imparts a temporal structure to sleep duration.