bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chief human resources officers on top management teams: an empirical analysis of contingency, institutional, and homophily antecedents
Authors: Abt Magdalena , Knyphausen-Aufseß Dodo zu 
Published: September 2016

AbstractHaving the director of human resources (HR) as a member of the top management team (TMT) and giving him/her the title of chief human resources officer (CHRO) indicates an important strategic and symbolic choice. Such decisions not only determine who participates in controlling an organization and setting its strategic direction, but also reflect the organizational structure. In this paper, we examine the antecedents of CHRO presence according to the contingency, institutional, and homophily theories. Based on a multi-industry sample of 215 firms that considers a 10-year period, we find that the presence of a CHRO is influenced by the rates of unionization, rapid declines or increases in numbers of employees, the employment of a new or outsider chief executive officer (CEO), and the institutionalization of the CHRO position in the industry or firm. However, we find no evidence of the presumed influence of knowledge intensity or the CEO or TMT human resource management (HRM) experience. Overall, we find that the institutional theory has the highest explanatory power regarding the existence of CHRO positions.
Evaluating the Functionality and Usability of Two Novel Wheelchair Anti‐Rollback Devices for Ramp Ascent in Manual Wheelchair Users With Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Deems‐Dluhy Susan L. , Jayaraman Chandrasekaran , Green Steve , Albert Mark V. , Jayaraman Arun 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundDifficulty ascending ramps and inclines with a manual wheelchair adversely affects the everyday mobility and overall quality of life of manual wheelchair users. Currently, various anti‐rollback devices are available to assist manual wheelchair users to ascend ramps and inclines. However, these devices have 2 main shortcomings: restriction to backward motion limiting recovery from an overturning wheelchair, which is a safety concern; and difficulty in engaging/disengaging the device while on the ramp.ObjectiveTo evaluate the functionality and usability of 2 novel wheelchair anti‐rollback devices developed to address these shortcomings (prototypes “Wheel” and “Brake”).DesignCross‐sectional.SettingRehabilitation research facility.ParticipantsTwelve adult participants with chronic spinal cord injury.MethodsParticipants completed training and tested with both the wheelchair anti‐rollback devices on a 7.3‐m‐long ramp.Main Outcome MeasurementsNumber of stops, perceived physical exertion, pain, and ease of use of these devices as participants maneuvered their wheelchairs up a 7.3‐m ramp were assessed. Participants also evaluated their satisfaction with the usability of both the devices using the Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction With Assistive Technology (QUEST 2.0).ResultsBoth prototypes evaluated overcame the limitations of the existing anti‐rollback devices. Nonparametric statistical tests showed that participants rated both prototypes similarly for the overall functional and usability aspects. However, the participants' satisfactory rating were higher for the prototype “Brake” than for the prototype “Wheel” based on a functional aspect (ie, engaging/disengaging easiness), and higher for Wheel than for Brake, based on a usability aspect (prototype size).ConclusionsThe qualitative and quantitative outcomes of this investigation, based on the usability and functional evaluations, provided useful information for the improvement in the design of both anti‐rollback devices, which may allow manual wheelchair users to manage ramp ascent more safely and easily. Further evaluations with a different SCI population is recommended.Level of EvidenceIV
Activity Limitation Stages Are Associated With Risk of Hospitalization Among Medicare Beneficiaries
Authors: Na Ling , Pan Qiang , Xie Dawei , Kurichi Jibby E. , Streim Joel E. , Bogner Hillary R. , Saliba Debra , Hennessy Sean 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundActivity limitation stages based on activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) are associated with 3‐year mortality in elderly Medicare beneficiaries, yet their associations with hospitalization risk in this population have not been studied.ObjectiveTo examine the independent association of activity limitation stages with risk of hospitalization within a year among Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years and older.DesignCohort study.SettingCommunity.ParticipantsA total of 9447 community‐dwelling elderly Medicare beneficiaries from the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey for years 2005‐2009.MethodsStages were derived for ADLs and IADLs separately. Associations of stages with time to first hospitalization and time to recurrent hospitalizations within a year were assessed with Cox proportional hazards models, with which we accounted for baseline sociodemographics, smoking status, comorbidities, and the year of survey entry.Main OutcomesTime to first hospitalization and time to recurrent hospitalizations within 1 year.Principle FindingsThe adjusted risk of first hospitalization increased with greater activity limitation stages (except stage III). The hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for ADL stages I‐IV compared with stage 0 (no limitations) were 1.49 (1.36‐1.63), 1.61 (1.44‐1.80), 1.54 (1.35‐1.76), and 2.06 (1.61‐2.63), respectively. The pattern for IADL stages was similar. For recurrent hospitalizations, activity limitation stages were associated with the risk of the first hospitalization but not with subsequent hospitalizations.ConclusionActivity limitation stages are associated with the risk of first hospitalization in the subsequent year among elderly Medicare beneficiaries. Stages capture clinically interpretable profiles of ADL and IADL functionality and describe preserved functions and activity limitation in an aggregated measure. Stage can inform interventions to ameliorate disability and thus reduce the risk of a subsequent hospitalization in this population.Level of EvidenceIV
Ice loss processes in the Seal Nunataks ice shelf region from satellite altimetry and imagery
Authors: Shuman Christopher , Scambos Ted , Berthier Etienne 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTThe Seal Nunataks ice shelf (SNIS, ~743 km2 in 2013) is an unofficial name for a remnant area between the former Larsen A and Larsen B ice shelves off the northeastern Antarctic Peninsula. Analyses using Landsat 7 ETM+ and Terra ASTER images from 2001 to 13 and ICESat altimetry from 2003 to 09 show it has retreated and thinned following the Larsen A (1995) and Larsen B (2002) disintegrations. Despite some regional cooling and more fast ice since 2008, SNIS continues to lose ice along its margins and may be losing contact with some nunataks. Detailed analysis of data from four ICESat tracks indicates that ice shelf thinning rates range between 1.9 and 2.7 m a−1, and generally increase from west to east. An ICESat repeat track crossing the adjacent Robertson Island shows a mean elevation loss of 1.8 m a−1. Two tracks crossing the SNIS's remaining tributary, Rogosh Glacier, show sub-meter elevation losses. Comparing shelf remnant and grounded ice thinning rates implies that basal ocean melting augments SNIS thinning by ~1 m a−1, a rate that is consistent with other estimates of ocean-driven shelf thinning in the region.
Movement Disorders Associated With Hemochromatosis
Authors: Kumar Niraj , Rizek Philippe , Sadikovic Bekim , Adams Paul C. , Jog Mandar 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackground:Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is a genetic disorder causing pathological iron deposition and functional impairment of various organs, predominantly the liver. We assessed patients with HH for the presence of movement disorders.Methods:We reviewed the charts of 616 patients with HH who attended hemochromatosis clinic at London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada, from 1988 to 2015.Results:We found three HH patients with movement disorders, without any other major systemic manifestation. One had parkinsonism, another had chorea, and the third had tremor. All three patients had evidence of iron deposition in the brain, affecting the basal ganglia in the first two, and the dentate nucleus, red nucleus, and substantia nigra in the third patient. In addition to the C282Y homozygous mutation in theHFEgene, two of our patients had non-HFEgene mutations.Conclusion:HH should be considered in the differential diagnosis of movement disorders with pathological brain iron deposition. We report for the first time chorea in a patient with HH. Non-HFEgene mutations may predispose HH patients to iron deposition in the brain.
Open-Label Study of Sleep Disturbances in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease Treated with Rasagiline
Authors: Panisset Michel , Stril Jean-Louis , Bélanger Manon , Lehoux Geneviève , Coffin Donna , Chouinard Sylvain 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackground: The prevalence of sleep disturbances among patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) is estimated to occur in 37% to 98% of patients. Sleep disturbances have been associated with a reduced quality of life for patients with PD. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of rasagiline treatment on the severity of sleep disturbances among patients with idiopathic PD. Methods: In this open-label, multicentre study, 110 adult patients with idiopathic PD were treated with rasagiline either as monotherapy or as adjunct therapy. The primary endpoint was the change in severity of sleep disturbances, assessed with the PD Sleep Scale from baseline to month 2. Exploratory endpoints included change in daytime sleepiness, assessed with the Epworth Sleep Scale, treatment satisfaction measured with the Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication, patient’s overall improvement or deterioration over time measured with the Clinical Global Impression of Improvement, tolerability, and safety. Findings: Patients treated with rasagiline as mono- or adjunct therapy showed a statistically significant improvement in sleep quality after 2 months. There was no change in daytime sleepiness. Overall, patients were satisfied with rasagiline treatment with a mean Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication [standard deviation] total score at month 2 of 68% [16.1]. At the end of study, 64 patients (65.9%) were judged, by the investigator, as being at least minimally improved from baseline on the Clinical Global Impression of Improvement. Rasagiline was safe and well-tolerated. Interpretation: Rasagiline as mono- or adjunct-therapy may improve sleep experience in patients with PD in the short term.
Rapid Access Ice Drill: a new tool for exploration of the deep Antarctic ice sheets and subglacial geology
Authors: GOODGE JOHN W. , SEVERINGHAUS JEFFREY P. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTA new Rapid Access Ice Drill (RAID) will penetrate the Antarctic ice sheets in order to create borehole observatories and take cores in deep ice, the glacial bed and bedrock below. RAID is a mobile drilling system to make multiple long, narrow boreholes in a single field season in Antarctica. RAID is based on a mineral exploration-type rotary rock-coring system using threaded drill pipe to cut through ice using reverse circulation of a non-freezing fluid for pressure-compensation, maintenance of temperature and removal of ice cuttings. Near the bottom of the ice sheet, a wireline latching assembly will enable rapid coring of ice, the glacial bed and bedrock below. Once complete, boreholes will be kept open with fluid, capped and available for future down-hole measurement of temperature gradient, heat flow, ice chronology and ice deformation. RAID is designed to penetrate up to 3300 m of ice and take cores in <200 hours, allowing completion of a borehole and coring in ~10 d at each site. Together, the rapid drilling capability and mobility of the system, along with ice-penetrating imaging methods, will provide a unique 3-D picture of interior and subglacial features of the Antarctic ice sheets.
Impact of spatial averaging on radar reflectivity at internal snowpack layer boundaries
Authors: RUTTER N. , MARSHALL H.-P. , TAPE K. , ESSERY R. , KING J. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTMicrowave radar amplitude within a snowpack can be strongly influenced by spatial variability of internal layer boundaries. We quantify the impact of spatial averaging of snow stratigraphy and physical snowpack properties on surface scattering from near-nadir frequency-modulated continuous-wave radar at 12–18 GHz. Relative permittivity, density, grain size and stratigraphic boundaries were measured in-situ at high resolution along the length of a 9 m snow trench. An optimal range of horizontal averaging (4–6 m) was identified to attribute variations in surface scattering at layer boundaries to dielectric contrasts estimated from centimetre-scale measurements of snowpack stratigraphy and bulk layer properties. Single vertical profiles of snowpack properties seldom captured the complex local variability influencing near-nadir radar surface scattering. We discuss implications of scaling in-situ measurements for snow radiative transfer modelling and evaluation of airborne microwave remote sensing of snow.
The effect of winter length on survival and duration of dormancy of four sympatric species ofRhagoletisexploiting plants with different fruiting phenology
Authors: Rull J. , Tadeo E. , Lasa R. , Aluja M. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractDormancy has been thoroughly studied for several species of economic importance in the genusRhagoletisin temperate areas of North America and Europe. Much less is known on life history regulation for species inhabiting high-elevation areas in the subtropics at the southern extreme of their geographical range. Host plant phenology has been found to play a key role in generating allochronic isolation among sibling species and host races ofRhagoletisin the course of sympatric speciation, and has important implications for pest management. We compare the effect of winter length on survival to adult eclosion and dormancy duration among four species ofRhagoletis(three of them sympatric) exploiting hosts with different fruiting phenology in subtropical isolated highlands. Survival and duration of dormancy was found to be different among the four species. At 24°C, a very small proportion (<1%) ofR. pomonella, R. turpiniaeandR. zoquicompleted development without becoming dormant, while in the case ofR. solanophagathe majority of the population emerged after development within 40 days of pupation. Also, a large proportion of braconid parasitoids infestingRhagoletiseggs and larvae emerged as adults without becoming dormant. Greatest survival after artificial winter was obtained forR. pomonella(50–60%) andR. zoqui(30%) after only four weeks at 5°C (a third of the time reported for studies on northernR. pomonella), whileR. turpiniae,under identical environmental conditions experienced low adult emergence, and highest survival (11%) was recorded for flies exposed to 5°C during 10 and 12 weeks. ForR. pomonella, there was a strong positive relationship between winter length and time to post-winter adult eclosion that was not observed forR. zoqui.In sum, forR. pomonella, mild winters in highland subtropical areas appear to select for flies better able to withstand longer periods of warm temperature before winter than flies exploiting late fruiting hosts and inhabiting northern latitudes. In the case ofR. turpiniaeandR. zoquienvironmental cues such as fluctuations in humidity and/or different temperature thresholds (5°C) may play a more important role than winter length in life history regulation. Continuous host availability forR. solanophagaappears to have selected for non-diapausing flies. From an applied perspective our results are useful for handling flies in the laboratory to conduct research and suggest that non-diapausing strains of flies and parasitoids may be selected for SIT and innundative biological control programs.
Suicide risk linked with clinical consultation frequency, psychiatric diagnoses and psychotropic medication prescribing in a national study of primary-care patients
Authors: Windfuhr K. , While D. , Kapur N. , Ashcroft D. M. , Kontopantelis E. , Carr M. J. , Shaw J. , Appleby L. , Webb R. T. 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundLittle is known about the precursors of suicide risk among primary-care patients. This study aimed to examine suicide risk in relation to patterns of clinical consultation, psychotropic drug prescribing, and psychiatric diagnoses.MethodNested case-control study in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD), England. Patients aged ⩾16 years who died by suicide during 2002–2011 (N = 2384) were matched on gender, age and practice with up to 20 living control patients (N = 46 899).ResultsRisk was raised among non-consulting patients, and increased sharply with rising number of consultations in the preceding year [⩾12 consultations v. 1: unadjusted odds ratio (OR) 6.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.9–7.3]. Markedly elevated risk was also associated with the prescribing of multiple psychotropic medication types (⩾5 types v. 0: OR 62.6, CI 44.3–88.4) and with having several psychiatric diagnoses (⩾4 diagnoses v. 0: OR 31.1, CI 19.3–50.1). Risk was also raised among patients living in more socially deprived localities. The confounding effect of multiple psychotropic drug types largely accounted for the rising risk gradient observed with increasing consultation frequency.ConclusionsA greater proportion of patients with several psychiatric diagnoses, those prescribed multiple psychotropic medication types, and those who consult at very high frequency might be considered for referral to mental health services by their general practitioners. Non-consulters are also at increased risk, which suggests that conventional models of primary care may not be effective in meeting the needs of all people in the community experiencing major psychosocial difficulties.
Freeness versus maximal global Tjurina number for plane curves
Authors: DIMCA ALEXANDRU 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe give a characterisation of nearly free plane curves in terms of their global Tjurina numbers, similar to the characterisation of free curves as curves with a maximal Tjurina number, given by A. A. du Plessis and C.T.C. Wall. It is also shown that an irreducible plane curve having a 1-dimensional symmetry is nearly free. A new numerical characterisation of free curves and a simple characterisation of nearly free curves in terms of their syzygies conclude this paper.
Raman spectroscopy of shocked gypsum from a meteorite impact crater
Authors: Brolly Connor , Parnell John , Bowden Stephen 
Published: September 2016

AbstractImpact craters and associated hydrothermal systems are regarded as sites within which life could originate on Earth, and on Mars. The Haughton impact crater, one of the most well preserved craters on Earth, is abundant in Ca-sulphates. Selenite, a transparent form of gypsum, has been colonized by viable cyanobacteria. Basement rocks, which have been shocked, are more abundant in endolithic organisms, when compared with un-shocked basement. We infer that selenitic and shocked gypsum are more suitable for microbial colonization and have enhanced habitability. This is analogous to many Martian craters, such as Gale Crater, which has sulphate deposits in a central layered mound, thought to be formed by post-impact hydrothermal springs. In preparation for the 2020 ExoMars mission, experiments were conducted to determine whether Raman spectroscopy can distinguish between gypsum with different degrees of habitability. Ca-sulphates were analysed using Raman spectroscopy and results show no significant statistical difference between gypsum that has experienced shock by meteorite impact and gypsum, which has been dissolved and re-precipitated as an evaporitic crust. Raman spectroscopy is able to distinguish between selenite and unaltered gypsum. This shows that Raman spectroscopy can identify more habitable forms of gypsum, and demonstrates the current capabilities of Raman spectroscopy for the interpretation of gypsum habitability.
Weyl magnons in breathing pyrochlore antiferromagnets
Authors: Li Fei-Ye , Li Yao-Dong , Kim Yong Baek , Balents Leon , Yu Yue , Chen Gang 
Published: September 2016

AbstractFrustrated quantum magnets not only provide exotic ground states and unusual magnetic structures, but also support unconventional excitations in many cases. Using a physically relevant spin model for a breathing pyrochlore lattice, we discuss the presence of topological linear band crossings of magnons in antiferromagnets. These are the analogues of Weyl fermions in electronic systems, which we dub Weyl magnons. The bulk Weyl magnon implies the presence of chiral magnon surface states forming arcs at finite energy. We argue that such antiferromagnets present a unique example, in which Weyl points can be manipulated in situ in the laboratory by applied fields. We discuss their appearance specifically in the breathing pyrochlore lattice, and give some general discussion of conditions to find Weyl magnons, and how they may be probed experimentally. Our work may inspire a re-examination of the magnetic excitations in many magnetically ordered systems.
Palaeogeographic regulation of glacial events during the Cretaceous supergreenhouse
Authors: Ladant Jean-Baptiste , Donnadieu Yannick 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe historical view of a uniformly warm Cretaceous is being increasingly challenged by the accumulation of new data hinting at the possibility of glacial events, even during the Cenomanian–Turonian (∼95 Myr ago), the warmest interval of the Cretaceous. Here we show that the palaeogeography typifying the Cenomanian–Turonian renders the Earth System resilient to glaciation with no perennial ice accumulation occurring under prescribed CO2 levels as low as 420 p.p.m. Conversely, late Aptian (∼115 Myr ago) and Maastrichtian (∼70 Myr ago) continental configurations set the stage for cooler climatic conditions, favouring possible inception of Antarctic ice sheets under CO2 concentrations, respectively, about 400 and 300 p.p.m. higher than for the Cenomanian–Turonian. Our simulations notably emphasize that palaeogeography can crucially impact global climate by modulating the CO2 threshold for ice sheet inception and make the possibility of glacial events during the Cenomanian–Turonian unlikely.
Selective targeting of IL-2 to NKG2D bearing cells for improved immunotherapy
Authors: Ghasemi Reza , Lazear Eric , Wang Xiaoli , Arefanian Saeed , Zheleznyak Alexander , Carreno Beatriz M. , Higashikubo Ryuji , Gelman Andrew E. , Kreisel Daniel , Fremont Daved H. , Krupnick Alexander Sasha 
Published: September 2016

AbstractDespite over 20 years of clinical use, IL-2 has not fulfilled expectations as a safe and effective form of tumour immunotherapy. Expression of the high affinity IL-2Rα chain on regulatory T cells mitigates the anti-tumour immune response and its expression on vascular endothelium is responsible for life threatening complications such as diffuse capillary leak and pulmonary oedema. Here we describe the development of a recombinant fusion protein comprised of a cowpox virus encoded NKG2D binding protein (OMCP) and a mutated form of IL-2 with poor affinity for IL-2Rα. This fusion protein (OMCP-mutIL-2) potently and selectively activates IL-2 signalling only on NKG2D-bearing cells, such as natural killer (NK) cells, without broadly activating IL-2Rα-bearing cells. OMCP-mutIL-2 provides superior tumour control in several mouse models of malignancy and is not limited by mouse strain-specific variability of NK function. In addition, OMCP-mutIL-2 lacks the toxicity and vascular complications associated with parental wild-type IL-2.