bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Full‐On Stating
Authors: Stainton Robert J. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWhat distinguishes full‐on stating a proposition from merely communicating it? For instance, what distinguishes claiming/asserting/saying that one has never smoked crack cocaine from merely implying/conveying/hinting this? The enormous literature on ‘assertion’ provides many approaches to distinguishing stating from, say, asking and commanding: only the former aims at truth; only the former expresses one's belief; etc. But this leaves my question unanswered, since in merely communicating a proposition one also aims at truth, expresses a belief, etc.My aim is not to criticize extant accounts of the state‐versus‐merely‐convey contrast, but rather to draw on clues from Dummett, functional linguistics and moral theory, to offer a novel one. The main idea is that full‐on stating is distinctively conventionalized in a way that conversationally implicating, hinting, giving to understand, etc., are not. Specifically, full‐on stating is constitutively tied to a particular conventional, linguistic, function‐bearing device, the declarative sentence. To full‐on state that p is to hit that ‘target speech act’ which owes its existence to that special‐purpose device. It is therefore also to make one's action lie‐prone. Nonetheless, once that sui generis target is there to be aimed for, a person may reach it without using the special‐purpose tool—e.g. one may full‐on state using a mere word or phrase, or coded hand signals, or semaphore.I end by considering several philosophical implications of this means of capturing the contrast.
The mirage of Balkan Piedmont: state formation and Serbian nationalisms in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries
Authors: Malešević Siniša 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe continuous rise of the Serbian state in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries is often described as a typical example of the Piedmont‐style of national unification. The conventional historiography emphasises the role popular nationalism has played in this process, making little if any distinctions between the forms of Serbian nationalisms within and outside of the Serbian state. This article challenges such interpretations and argues that the formation and expansion of Serbia had less to do with society‐wide national aspirations and much more with the internal elite politics within the Serbian state. Moreover, the paper makes a case that, rather than being a driving force of national unification, the expansionist nationalism was a by‐product of the state development. This argument is articulated further through the comparison of the different nationalist trajectories in Serbia and among the ethnic Serbian populations in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Therapeutic effects of intensive inpatient rehabilitation in advanced Parkinson's disease
Authors: Kaseda Yumiko , Ikeda Junko , Sugihara Katsunobu , Yamawaki Takemori , Kohriyama Tatsuo , Matsumoto Masayasu 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe importance of rehabilitation therapy in Parkinson's disease is well recognized. However, the effects of an inpatient rehabilitation program for advanced Parkinson's disease have not been fully investigated.AimTo assess the effects of intensive inpatient rehabilitation.MethodsWe enrolled 31 patients (mean age 69.5 ± 9.4 years; mean disease duration 8.8 ± 6.4 years) with advanced Parkinson's disease, without severe cognitive impairment. The median Hoehn–Yahr stage was IV. Patients received 2 h of individualized rehabilitation for 6–7 days each week for 1 month. At hospital discharge, patients and caregivers were instructed to continue daily exercise.ResultsMotor and total scores of Functional Independence Measures significantly improved between admission and discharge in patients with stage III and IV disease, but not stage V. There was no significant effect of Hoehn–Yahr stage on improvements in Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale scores, (total, part I, II or III), cognitive Functional Independence Measures or Berg Balance Scale.ConclusionIntensive inpatient rehabilitation was effective even in advanced Parkinson's disease. Intensive inpatient rehabilitation, together with home and day‐care exercise, might counteract the progressive motor decline in Parkinson's disease.
Can a community‐based multidisciplinary intervention effectively restore renal function? A non‐randomized clinical trial
Authors: Phuphaibul Rutja , Teamprathom Watana , Puckpinyo Apa , Tharakul Supannee 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThere is insufficient evidence in the literature to indicate whether the promotion of lifestyle changes to prevent renal dysfunction and activate regeneration is effective. We examined the effectiveness of a community‐based intervention program on renal restoration using a non‐randomized clinical trial design with a follow‐up period of six months. The training focused on lifestyle changes, including health education and personal consultation with a multidisciplinary health team. Our study included 120 patients with fractional excretion of magnesium levels of > 2%, who were assigned to experimental or control groups. Fractional excretion of magnesium levels were significantly decreased within six months in the experimental group; however, changes in the estimated glomerular filtration rate were not identified in either of the groups. These results suggest that screening of the fractional excretion of magnesium level and the “Healthy Kidney Program” had an effect in preventing chronic kidney disease or restoring kidney function.
MODELING THE EFFECTS OF WOOD AND NON‐WOOD BASED INDUSTRIES ON FORESTRY RESOURCES
Authors: LATA KUSUM , DUBEY B. , MISRA A.K. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPollution due to the wood and non‐wood based industries is one of the main reasons for the depletion of forestry resources. On the onset of industrial era, the number of industries was less but now it has increased much due to rapid pace of development. Industrialization affects forestry resources in two ways: (i) using raw materials by wood based industries and cut down by non‐wood based industries and (ii) emitting pollutants by wood and non‐wood based industries. In view of this, in this paper, we have proposed and analyzed a mathematical model to assess the effects of wood and non‐wood based industries on the depletion of forestry resources. In the modeling process, it is assumed that wood and non‐wood based industries deplete the forestry resources directly, whereas pollutants emitted by both types of industries decrease the growth rate of forestry resources indirectly. The equilibria are obtained and their stability is discussed. The model analysis reveals that forestry resources decrease due to the growth in wood based industries but the overgrowth in non‐wood based industries and pollutants emitted by them in the environment adversely affect the forestry resources. Numerical simulation is provided to support analytical findings.
WHY INCREASED UNCERTAINTY MAY LEAD TO MORE RISKY BEHAVIOR
Authors: LUND ARNE‐CHRISTIAN , STEINSHAMN STEIN IVAR 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to investigate circumstances under which it may be optimal to deliberately harvest a fish stock to extinction applying a stochastic surplus growth model. It is known from the literature that deliberate extinction may result when there is critical depensation or when the discount rate is high compared to the intrinsic growth rate. Here it is shown that deliberate extinction may also be optimal when the degree of stochasticitry is high even with zero discounting. A high degree of stochasticity may have the same effect as critical depensation even though it is not present in the biological model. In other words, high uncertainty, instead of leading to more conservative harvesting as is usually expected, in this model result in more aggressive harvesting and more risky behavior. The main message is therefore always to try to keep the stock well above any critical limit.
Familial aplasia cutis congenita associated with mega‐cisterna magna
Authors: Lee Eun Hye , Park Tae Sung , Choi Yong‐Sung , Cho Eun‐Hae 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAplasia cutis congenita (ACC; MIM 107600) is a congenital skin disorder that manifests as localized absence of skin. Here we report a case of familial ACC and mega‐cisterna magna. A female neonate was born with skin defects on the scalp. Brain magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated retrocerebellar space widening suggesting mega‐cisterna magna. Her father also had a skin defect on the scalp at birth, and brain computed tomography of the father showed a cystic lesion over the right occipital lobe, similar to the patient's brain imaging. Karyotype 46,XX, t(6;18)(q23.2;q11.2) was identified on G‐banded karyotype analysis of the patient and her father, after which whole exome sequencing was carried out, but this was thought to be a coincidental finding. This indicates that ACC may be associated with brain anomaly, although it is very rare.
Influencing Genomic Change and Cancer Disparities through Neighborhood Chronic Toxic Stress Exposure: A Research Framework
Authors: DeGuzman Pamela B. , Schminkey Donna L. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBlack Americans have disproportionately higher incidence and mortality rates for many cancers. These disparities may be related to genomic changes that occur from exposure to chronic toxic stress and may result from conditions associated with living in racially segregated neighborhoods with high rates of concentrated poverty. The purpose of this article is to present a nursing research framework for developing and testing neighborhood‐level interventions that have the potential to mitigate exposure to neighborhood‐associated chronic toxic stress, improve individual‐level genomic sequelae and cancer outcomes, and reduce cancer health disparities of Black Americans. Public health nursing researchers should collaborate with local officials to determine ways to reduce neighborhood‐level stress. Intermediate outcomes can be measured using genomic or other stress biomarkers, and long‐term outcomes can be measured by evaluating population‐level cancer incidence and mortality.
Cladosiphon takenoensis sp. nov. (Ectocarpales s.l., Phaeophyceae) from Japan
Authors: Kawai Hiroshi , Hanyuda Takeaki , Kim Song‐Ho , Ichikawa Yuki , Uwai Shinya , Peters Akira F. 
Published: September 2016

SUMMARYThe new brown algal species Cladosiphon takenoensis H. Kawai (Chordariaceae, Ectocarpales s.l.) is described from Takeno, Hyogo, Japan based on morphology and DNA sequences. The species is a spring annual, growing on subtidal rocks at more or less exposed sites. It resembles C. umezakii in its gross morphology, and the two often grow together, but is distinguishable from C. umezakii in having a more hairy appearance. Cladosiphon takenoensis has a slimy, cylindrical, multiaxial and sympodial erect thallus, branching once to twice, and is provided with long assimilatory filaments (up to 1.8 mm long, composed of up to 100 cells). Unilocular zoidangia are formed on the basal part of assimilatory filaments. The species is genetically most related to C. umezakii and has the same basic thallus structures, but differs from C. umezakii and other Cladosiphon species in lacking phaeophycean hairs and plurilocular zoidangia of the assimilatory filaments. DNA sequences of the mitochondrial cox1 and cox3, chloroplast atpB, psaA, psbA and rbcL genes and the nuclear rDNA ITS2 region support the distinctness of the species. The genus Cladosiphon was paraphyletic in our analyses because the clades of C. okamuranus/C. zosterae and C. takenoensis/C. umezakii were split by Mesogloia vermiculata. However, since the genus‐level taxonomy of Chordariaceae needs considerable revision, we suspend the genus‐level taxonomy of the new species, and tentatively describe it as C. takenoensis.
Effects of response delays and of unknown stimulus‐response mappings on the oddball effect on P3
Authors: Verleger Rolf , Grauhan Nils , Śmigasiewicz Kamila 
Published: September 2016

AbstractP3b is a prominent component of human event‐related EEG potentials. P3b has been related to consciousness, encoding into memory, and updating of strategic schemata, among others, yet evidence has also been provided for its close relationship with deciding how to respond to the presented stimuli. P3b is large with rarely occurring stimuli and small with frequent ones. Here, we investigate the extent to which this oddball effect depends on selecting and executing responses. Participants pressed one of two keys in response to one of two letters, one of which was presented rarely and one frequently. Information about letter‐key mapping was provided by a second stimulus. In different blocks, this mapping stimulus was either constant across trials or varied randomly, and either preceded or followed the letter. The oddball effect was reduced when responses were delayed (by waiting for the constant mapping stimulus following the letter) and was further reduced when responses could not be assigned to the letters (because letters were followed by varying mapping stimuli). This evidence suggests that P3b is closely related to decision processes, possibly reflecting reactivation of stimulus‐response links.
Dose Targeting Metrics in Conventional and Intensive Maintenance Dialysis
Authors: Ananthakrishnan Shubha , Depner Thomas A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractHemodialysis has come a long way since its early days and is a life sustaining therapy for millions of people with end‐stage kidney disease throughout the world. Although thrice weekly hemodialysis remains the most common form of renal replacement therapy, other therapies such as more frequent, prolonged dialysis modalities have seen a rise recently. In this review, we compare and contrast methods for measuring the dialysis dose, with a focus on small molecule clearance (Kt/Vurea) among various dialysis modalities. We also describe newer on‐line methods to measure dialysis and limitations to current adequacy measurement. Distinguishing dialysis adequacy from adequate treatment of the patient is also emphasized.
Using Dramaturgy to Better Understand Contemporary Western Tattoos
Authors: Roberts Derek 
Published: September 2016

AbstractSpurred on by increasing participation rates, scholarship on tattoos in Western societies has increased noticeably in recent decades. Often focusing on members of the middle class, scholars have assumed that the increasing number of people with tattoos is evidence of mainstream acceptance. In the following article, I critically evaluate claims of tattoo's new mainstream status. Rather than being embraced by the mainstream and power elite, studies and legal proceedings show that tattoos and piercings are only tolerated to a certain degree. I suggest that applying Erving Goffman's dramaturgical approach to contemporary tattoos provides a more complete understanding of tattoo's cultural location. It also allows the focus of the discussion to move beyond the individual attributes and motivations of tattoo wearers and onto the social interactions surrounding them. Moreover, a dramaturgical analysis of tattoos shows the need to properly differentiate between tattoos that are always visible and those that can be concealed. I end by offering a conceptualization of visible tattoos for future sociological research.
Understanding Crimmigration: Implications for Racial and Ethnic Minorities Within the United States
Authors: Arriaga Felicia 
Published: September 2016

AbstractCrimmigration, or the intertwining of criminal and immigration law, allows whether explicitly or implicitly for local law enforcement and increasingly other government agencies, to act as enforcers of both aspects of the law. Increasingly, practices and polices implemented within this realm are characteristic of interior enforcement practices, expanding beyond border enforcement. No longer are these solely the responsibility of federal immigration agents, but now local law enforcement participates in these seemingly hidden initiatives. In the process of this merge, the scope of citizenship and the applicability of certain rights is continuously narrowing in what Juliet Stumpf refers to in The Crimmigration Crisis: Immigrants, Crime, and Sovereign Power as “a society increasingly stratified by flexible conceptions of membership.” To unwind and reform the connections between these two systems requires the treatment of them as components of a larger emphasis on exclusionary social‐control ideology and practices, directed at immigrants and minorities alike.
What We Are Talking About When We Talk About Social Media: A Framework for Study
Authors: Treem Jeffrey W. , Dailey Stephanie L. , Pierce Casey S. , Biffl Diana 
Published: September 2016

AbstractSocial media continues to grow as a focus of social, organizational, and scholarly interest, yet there is little agreement as to what constitutes social media and how it can be effectively analyzed. We review various definitions of social media and note that much of the confusion regarding social media comes from conflation between social media types, platforms, and activities. To facilitate investigations of social media, we debunk common social media myths and review the relationship between social media and several prominent sociological concerns. We conclude by reflecting on directions for future research on social media.
More Powerful Forces? Women, Nonviolence, and Mobilization
Authors: Gallo‐Cruz Selina 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn this survey of studies of women's nonviolent mobilization, I scrutinize “more powerful forces,” the mobilizing forces of marginalized social actors that add to and make possible the development of broad‐based people power. The study of people power has yet to extensively consider the contribution of marginalized social actors. Specifically, I ask: (i) What do women contribute to the development of nonviolent protest power and (ii) What can we learn about mobilizing power, the power of people to protest nonviolently and gain the franchise they seek, when we expand our analytical lens to incorporate women's roles? How do we account for the gendered but often unseen actions taken by marginalized social actors? My focus on women in nonviolent mobilization stems directly from my research on gendered invisibility with an empirical focus on women's gendered socialization. Here, I review how gendered social structures shape women's power of participation and success in nonviolent mobilization.
Analysis of Accuracy of Biaxial Tests Based on their Computational Simulations
Authors: Slazansky M. , Polzer S. , Man V. , Bursa J. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractDesign of biaxial tension testing rig has a significant influence on quality of the measured stress–strain data. The paper analyses the effect of test parameters on the accuracy of results. Finite element simulations of biaxial tension tests were realized, and the resulting stress–strain curves (evaluated in the same manner as in real experiments) compared with the input ones by means of coefficient of determination R2. The investigated parameters were type (hooks or narrow clamps), number (2÷5) and size (0.25÷5 mm) of gripping elements, specimen size (18÷33 mm), testing protocol (different displacement ratios) and specimen material (healthy artery, aneurysm tissue, elastin and intraluminal thrombus). Numerical results were compared with experiments on porcine aortas carried out with two clamps and four hooks per edge. Experiments were evaluated with respect to the obtained quality of fit and maximum achievable stresses under equibiaxial load. Two or three hooks and two narrow clamps per edge give the best accuracy for small specimens. Larger hook diameter increases the accuracy for low numbers of hooks. Non‐equibiaxial protocols show worse accuracy than equibiaxial ones. For large specimens, four and five hooks are the best choice. The experiments revealed that higher stresses can be induced by two clamps setup (median 433 versus 257 kPa in circumferential direction and median 454 versus 333 kPa in axial direction). Quality of the fit was slightly but consistently higher with the four hooks setup (mean R2 = 0.984 versus 0.9797). The number of gripping elements should be chosen with respect to the need to ensure uniform force distribution along the specimen edge. Both narrow clamps and hooks achieved a comparable accuracy regardless of material. High numbers of hooks and wide clamps should be avoided for small specimens. Compared with hooks, use of narrow clamps allowed us to reach higher load until specimen rupture.
Discovery of a novel HLA‐B*15 allele, HLA‐B*15:379, in a patient from Guinea‐Bissau
Authors: Thomsen D. , Christiansen M. , Medina C. , Erikstrup C. , Hønge B. L. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractHLA‐B*15:379 differs from HLA‐B*15:03:01:01 by a c.T539G substitution in exon 3.
Spatially filtered ridge regression (SFRR): A regression framework to understanding impacts of land cover patterns on urban climate
Authors: Fan Chao , Rey Sergio J. , Myint Soe W. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractUnderstanding the impacts of land cover pattern on the heat island effect is essential for sustainable urban development. Conventional model fitting methods have restricted ability to produce accurate estimates of the land cover‐temperature association due to the lack of procedures to address two important issues: spatial dependence in proximal spatial units and high correlations among predictor variables. In this study, we seek to develop an effective framework called spatially filtered ridge regression (SFRR) to estimate the variations in the quantity and distribution of land surface temperature (LST) in response to various land cover patterns. The SFRR effectively integrates spatial autoregressive models and ridge regression, and it achieves reliable parameter estimates with substantially reduced mean square errors. We show this by comparing the performance of the SFRR to other widely adopted models using Monte Carlo simulation followed by an empirical study over central Phoenix. Results highlight the great potential of the SFRR in producing accurate statistical estimates, providing a positive step toward informed and unbiased decision‐making across a wide variety of disciplines. (Code and data to reproduce the results in the case study are available at: https://github.com/cfan13/SFRRTGIS.git.)
Nassella trichotoma in modified tussock grasslands in New Zealand: a case study in landscape‐scale invasive plant population monitoring
Authors: Bourdôt G W , Saville D J 
Published: September 2016

SummaryAn extensive metapopulation of Nassella trichotoma (nassella tussock) distributed over 878 properties, mostly pastoral farms, in the Hurunui District of North Canterbury, New Zealand, has been the subject of a regional management plan since 1941, that aimed at ‘eradication’ and more recently ‘progressive control’. Here, we describe the implementation, analysis and interpretation of a monitoring programme designed to quantify the expected decline in the weed's population. For this purpose, an annual stratified random survey was initiated in 1998. Properties were allocated to strata primarily according to their N. trichotoma plant population sizes, and sample size per stratum was determined using an optimal allocation procedure. Annually, the N. trichotoma plants on random transects within ‘homogeneous areas’ on each of about 50 randomly selected properties were counted, and the metapopulation density estimated. After adjustment for ‘ease of detection’ during monitoring, regression analysis revealed that the metapopulation of N. trichotoma has been stable from 1998 until 2014. The adaptive management response could be either to change the management to achieve population decline or change the objective to one of maintaining the stability in the metapopulation. This case study has many species‐specific features, but nevertheless, serves as an illustration of a general methodology for monitoring.