bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An observational study of the North Pacific storm‐track impact on the midlatitude oceanic front
Authors: Yao Yao , Zhong Zhong , Yang Xiu‐Qun , Lu Wei 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA lagged Maximum Covariance Analysis is used to examine the impact of North Pacific storm‐track activity on midlatitude oceanic frontal intensity in this study. It is found that an enhanced storm track tends to intensify the oceanic frontal intensity with a lag of 1–2 months. The forcing effect of storm‐track anomalies on oceanic frontal intensity is strongest in autumn, followed by that in summer and winter, and it is weakest in spring. Moreover, the mixed layer heat budget analysis suggests that sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) related to oceanic fronts are primarily attributed to the storm‐track‐induced net surface heat flux and Ekman advection anomalies, while contributions of geostrophic advection and entrainment are relatively small. In summer and autumn, the impact of net surface heat flux anomalies on SSTAs plays a more important role than that of Ekman heat transport anomalies. Whereas in winter, Ekman heat transport anomaly forcing is comparable to the net surface heat flux forcing. Anomalous turbulent heat fluxes contribute to generating net surface heat flux anomalies in those three seasons, while the shortwave radiative fluxes make a strong contribution in summer but have little impact in winter. The anomalies of both net surface heat flux and Ekman heat transport are presumed to be associated with storm‐track‐induced surface wind anomalies. Results of the present study provide observational evidences for the positive feedback between the North Pacific storm‐track activity and midlatitude oceanic frontal intensity.
Empirical modeling of T cell activation predicts interplay of host cytokines and bacterial indole
Authors: Steinmeyer Shelby , Howsmon Daniel P. , Alaniz Robert C. , Hahn Juergen , Jayaraman Arul 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTAdoptive transfer of anti‐inflammatory FOXP3+ Tregs has gained attention as a new therapeutic strategy for auto‐inflammatory disorders such as Inflammatory Bowel Disease. The isolated cells are conditioned in vitro to obtain a sufficient number of anti‐inflammatory FOXP3+ Tregs that can be reintroduced into the patient to potentially reduce the pathologic inflammatory response. Previous evidence suggests that microbiota metabolites can potentially condition cells during the in vitro expansion/differentiation step. However, the number of combinations of cytokines and metabolites that can be varied is large, preventing a purely experimental investigation which would determine optimal cell therapeutic outcomes. To address this problem, a combined experimental and modeling approached is investigated here: an artificial neural network model was trained to predict the steady‐state T cell population phenotype after differentiation with a variety of host cytokines and the microbial metabolite indole. This artificial neural network model was able to both reliably predict the phenotype of these T cell populations and also uncover unexpected conditions for optimal Treg differentiation that were subsequently verified experimentally. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 2660–2667. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The ability to manipulate plant glucosinolates and nutrients explains the better performance of Bemisia tabaci Middle East‐Asia Minor 1 than Mediterranean on cabbage plants
Authors: Cui Hongying , Guo Litao , Wang Shaoli , Xie Wen , Jiao Xiaoguo , Wu Qingjun , Zhang Youjun 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe performance of herbivorous insects is greatly affected by host chemical defenses and nutritional quality. Some herbivores have developed the ability to manipulate plant defenses via signaling pathways. It is currently unclear, however, whether a herbivore can benefit by simultaneously reducing plant defenses and enhancing plant nutritional quality. Here, we show that the better performance of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci Middle East‐Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1; formerly the “B” biotype) than Mediterranean (MED; formerly the “Q” biotype) on cabbage is associated with a suppression of glucosinolate (GS) content and an increase in amino acid supply in MEAM1‐infested cabbage compared with MED‐infested cabbage. MEAM1 had higher survival, higher fecundity, higher intrinsic rate of increase (rm), a longer life span, and a shorter developmental time than MED on cabbage plants. Amino acid content was higher in cabbage infested with MEAM1 than MED. Although infestation by either biotype decreased the levels of total GS, aliphatic GS, glucoiberin, sinigrin, glucobrassicin, and 4OH‐glucobrassicin, and the expression of related genes in cabbage, MED infestation increased the levels of 4ME‐glucobrassicin, neoglucobrassicin, progoitrin, and glucoraphanin. The GS content and expression of GS‐related genes were higher in cabbage infested with MED than with MEAM1. Our results suggest that MEAM1 performs better than MED on cabbage by manipulating host defenses and nutritional quality.
Smaller hippocampal subfield volumes predict verbal associative memory in pediatric brain tumor survivors
Authors: Decker Alexandra L. , Szulc Kamila U. , Bouffet Eric , Laughlin Suzanne , Chakravarty M. Mallar , Skocic Jovanka , de Medeiros Cynthia B. , Mabbott Donald J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe developing hippocampus is highly sensitive to chemotherapy and cranial radiation treatments for pediatric cancers, yet little is known about the effects that cancer treatents have on specific hippocampal subfields. Here, we examined hippocampal subfield volumes in 29 pediatric brain tumor survivors treated with cranial radiation and chemotherapy, and 30 healthy developing children and adolescents. We also examined associations between hippocampal subfield volumes and short‐term verbal memory. Hippocampal subfields (Cornus Ammonis (CA) 1, CA2‐3, dentate gyrus (DG)‐CA4, stratum radiatum—lacunosum—moleculare, and subiculum) were segmented using the Multiple Automatically Generated Templates for Different Brains automated segmentation algorithm. Neuropsychological assessment of short‐term verbal associative memory was performed in a subset of brain tumor survivors (N = 11) and typically developing children (N = 16), using the Children's Memory Scale or Wechsler's Memory Scale—third edition. Repeated measures analysis of variance showed that pediatric brain tumor survivors had significantly smaller DG‐CA4, CA1, CA2‐3, and stratum radiatum‐lacunosum‐moleculare volumes compared with typically developing children. Verbal memory performance was positively related to DG‐CA4, CA1, and stratum radiatum‐lacunosum‐moleculare volumes in pediatric brain tumor survivors. Unlike the brain tumor survivors, there were no associations between subfield volumes and memory in typically developing children and adolescents. These data suggest that specific subfields of the hippocampus may be vulnerable to brain cancer treatments, and may contribute to impaired episodic memory following brain cancer treatment in childhood.
Enhanced identification of a hydrologic model using streamflow and satellite water storage data: A multicriteria sensitivity analysis and optimization approach
Authors: Yassin Fuad , Razavi Saman , Wheater Howard , Sapriza‐Azuri Gonzalo , Davison Bruce , Pietroniro Alain 
Published: July 2017

AbstractHydrologic model development and calibration have continued in most cases to focus only on accurately reproducing streamflows. However, complex models, for example, the so‐called physically based models, possess large degrees of freedom that, if not constrained properly, may lead to poor model performance when used for prediction. We argue that constraining a model to represent streamflow, which is an integrated resultant of many factors across the watershed, is necessary but by no means sufficient to develop a high‐fidelity model. To address this problem, we develop a framework to utilize the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment's (GRACE) total water storage anomaly data as a supplement to streamflows for model calibration, in a multiobjective setting. The VARS method (Variogram Analysis of Response Surfaces) for global sensitivity analysis is used to understand the model behaviour with respect to streamflow and GRACE data, and the BORG multiobjective optimization method is applied for model calibration. Two subbasins of the Saskatchewan River Basin in Western Canada are used as a case study. Results show that the developed framework is superior to the conventional approach of calibration only to streamflows, even when multiple streamflow‐based error functions are simultaneously minimized. It is shown that a range of (possibly false) system trajectories in state variable space can lead to similar (acceptable) model responses. This observation has significant implications for land‐surface and hydrologic model development and, if not addressed properly, may undermine the credibility of the model in prediction. The framework effectively constrains the model behaviour (by constraining posterior parameter space) and results in more credible representation of hydrology across the watershed.
Treatment With a Soluble Bone Morphogenetic Protein Type 1A Receptor (BMPR1A) Fusion Protein Increases Bone Mass and Bone Formation in Mice Subjected to Hindlimb Unloading
Authors: Ko Frank C. , Van Vliet Miranda , Ellman Rachel , Grasso Daniel , Brooks Daniel J , Spatz Jordan M , Conlon Chrissy , Aguirre J Ignacio , Wronski Thomas J , Bouxsein Mary L 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTPrevious work has shown that the soluble murine BMPR1A–fusion protein (mBMPR1A‐mFc) binds to BMP2 and BMP4 with high affinity, preventing downstream signaling. Further, treatment of intact and ovariectomized mice with mBMPR1A‐mFc leads to increased bone mass, and improved bone microarchitecture and strength, via increased bone formation and reduced resorption. In this study, we tested the effects of mBMPR1A‐mFc on disuse‐induced bone loss caused by 21 days of hindlimb unloading (HLU) via tail suspension versus cage controls (CONs). Adult female C57BL/6J mice (12 weeks old) were assigned to one of four groups (n = 10 each): CON‐VEH; CON‐mBMPR1A‐mFc; HLU‐VEH; and HLU‐mBMPR1A‐mFc. Mice were injected subcutaneously with VEH or mBMPR1A‐mFc (4.5 mg/kg, 2×/week). Leg BMD declined in the HLU‐VEH group (–5.3% ± 1.3%), whereas it was unchanged in HLU‐mBMPR1A‐mFc (–0.3% ± 0.9%, p < 0.05 versus HLU‐VEH). Leg BMD increased significantly more in CON‐mBMPR1A‐mFc than CON‐VEH (10.2% ± 0.6% versus 4.4% ± 0.8%). In the femur, trabecular, and cortical bone microarchitecture was worse in the HLU‐VEH compared to CON‐VEH mice, whereas mBMPR1A‐mFc treatment for 3 weeks led to greater Tb.BV/TV, Tb.Th, and midshaft Ct.Th in both the HLU and CON groups compared to comparable VEH‐treated counterparts (p < 0.05). HLU‐mBMPR1A‐mFc mice also had 21% greater failure load (p < 0.05) compared to their VEH‐treated counterparts. Dynamic histomorphometry indicated that treatment with mBMPR1A‐mFc led to significantly greater mineralizing surface and mineral apposition rate, resulting in a 3.5‐fold and fivefold higher bone formation rate in the mBMPR1A‐mFc‐treated CON and HLU animals versus VEH groups, respectively. mBMPR1A‐mFc‐treated mice had a similar osteoblast surface but significantly lower osteoclast surface than VEH‐treated animals in both the CON and HLU groups. Altogether, these findings suggest that treatment with the soluble BMPR1A fusion protein may be useful for maintenance of skeletal integrity in the setting of disuse‐induced bone loss. © 2017 The Authors JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Acute painful autoimmune neuropathy: A variant of Guillain‐Barré syndrome
Authors: Yuki Nobuhiro , Chan Amanda C. , Wong Anna Hiu Yi , Inoue Takayuki , Yokai Masafumi , Kurihara Takashi , Devaux JérôMe J. , Wilder‐Smith Einar 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTIntroductionWe present a painful small‐fiber neuropathy variant of Guillain‐Barré syndrome characterized by antecedent infectious symptoms, hyporeflexia, and albuminocytologic dissociation.MethodsTwo patients received intravenous immunoglobulin, one corticosteroids.ResultsThe patients subsequently improved. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies in their acute phase sera strongly bound to murine small nerve fibers, and the binding disappeared during the convalescent phase. Serum transfer to a murine nociceptive model induced transient alteration in thermal pain responses.DiscussionOur case series suggest that an acute transient immune response can be directed against small nerve fibers, and that patients so affected can exhibit features of Guillain‐Barré syndrome. Muscle Nerve 57: 320–324, 2018
The State of the Art of Hybrid RANS/LES Modeling for the Simulation of Turbulent Flows
Authors: Chaouat Bruno 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis review presents the state of the art of hybrid RANS/LES modeling for the simulation of turbulent flows. After recalling the modeling used in RANS and LES methodologies, we propose in a first step a theoretical formalism developed in the spectral space that allows to unify the RANS and LES methods from a physical standpoint. In a second step, we discuss the principle of the hybrid RANS/LES methods capable of representing a RANS-type behavior in the vicinity of a solid boundary and an LES-type behavior far away from the wall boundary. Then, we analyze the principal hybrid RANS/LES methods usually used to perform numerical simulation of turbulent flows encountered in engineering applications. In particular, we investigate the very large eddy simulation (VLES), the detached eddy simulation (DES), the partially integrated transport modeling (PITM) method, the partially averaged Navier-Stokes (PANS) method, and the scale adaptive simulation (SAS) from a physical point of view. Finally, we establish the connection between these methods and more precisely, the link between PITM and PANS as well as DES and PITM showing that these methods that have been built by different ways, practical or theoretical manners have common points of comparison. It is the opinion of the author to consider that the most appropriate method for a particular application will depend on the expectations of the engineer and the computational resources the user is prepared to expend on the problem.
Performance of [18F]flutemetamol amyloid imaging against the neuritic plaque component of CERAD and the current (2012) NIA‐AA recommendations for the neuropathologic diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Salloway Stephen , Gamez Jose E. , Singh Upinder , Sadowsky Carl H. , Villena Teresa , Sabbagh Marwan N. , Beach Thomas G. , Duara Ranjan , Fleisher Adam S. , Frey Kirk A. , Walker Zuzana , Hunjan Arvinder , Escovar Yavir M. , Agronin Marc E. , Ross Joel , Bozoki Andrea , Akinola Mary , Shi Jiong , Vandenberghe Rik , Ikonomovic Milos D. , Sherwin Paul F. , Farrar Gill , Smith Adrian P.L. , Buckley Christopher J. , Thal Dietmar Rudolf , Zanette Michelle , Curtis Craig 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIntroductionPerformance of the amyloid tracer [18F]flutemetamol was evaluated against three pathology standard of truth (SoT) measures including neuritic plaques (CERAD “original” and “modified” and the amyloid component of the 2012 NIA‐AA guidelines).MethodsAfter [18F]flutemetamol imaging, 106 end‐of‐life patients who died underwent postmortem brain examination for amyloid plaque load. Blinded positron emission tomography scan interpretations by five independent electronically trained readers were compared with pathology measures.ResultsBy SoT, sensitivity and specificity of majority image interpretations were, respectively, 91.9% and 87.5% with “original CERAD,” 90.8% and 90.0% with “modified CERAD,” and 85.7% and 100% with the 2012 NIA‐AA criteria.DiscussionThe high accuracy of either CERAD criteria suggests that [18F]flutemetamol predominantly reflects neuritic amyloid plaque density. However, the use of CERAD criteria as the SoT can result in some false‐positive results because of the presence of diffuse plaques, which are accounted for when the positron emission tomography read is compared with the 2012 NIA‐AA criteria.
Mutant p53 potentiates the oncogenic effects of insulin by inhibiting the tumor suppressor DAB2IP
Authors: Valentino Elena , Bellazzo Arianna , Di Minin Giulio , Sicari Daria , Apollonio Mattia , Scognamiglio Giosuè , Di Bonito Maurizio , Botti Gerardo , Del Sal Giannino , Collavin Licio 
Published: July 2017

Significance
Understanding the molecular factors that shape the impact of hyperinsulinemia on cancer progression would improve treatment of obese and diabetic patients. This work contributes to such understanding by showing that gain-of-function p53 mutations can modify the response of cancer cells to insulin, increasing proliferation and motility through enhanced activation of AKT.
Relevance of Kinesiophobia in Relation to Changes Over Time Among Patients After an Acute Coronary Artery Disease Event
Authors: Bäck Maria , Lundberg Mari , Cider Åsa , Herlitz Johan , Jansson Bengt 
Published: July 2017

Purpose:
To identify levels of kinesiophobia during the first 4 months after an acute episode of coronary artery disease (CAD), while controlling for gender, anxiety, depression, and personality traits.

Methods:
In all, 106 patients with CAD (25 women), mean age 63.1 ± 11.5 years, were included in the study at the cardiac intensive care unit, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sweden. The patients completed questionnaires at 3 time points: in the cardiac intensive care unit (baseline), 2 weeks, and 4 months after baseline. The primary outcome measure was kinesiophobia. Secondary outcome measures were gender, anxiety, depression, harm avoidance, and positive and negative affect. A linear mixed model procedure was used to compare kinesiophobia across time points and gender. Secondary outcome measures were used as covariates.

Results:
Kinesiophobia decreased over time (P = .005) and there was a significant effect of gender (P = .045; higher values for women). The presence of a high level of kinesiophobia was 25.4% at baseline, 19% after 2 weeks, and 21.1% after 4 months. Inclusion of the covariates showed that positive and negative affect and harm avoidance increased model fit. The effects of time and gender remained significant.

Conclusions:
This study highlights that kinesiophobia decreased over time after an acute CAD episode. Nonetheless, a substantial part of the patients were identified with a high level of kinesiophobia across time, which emphasizes the need for screening and the design of a treatment intervention.
Widespread pleiotropy confounds causal relationships between complex traits and diseases inferred from Mendelian randomization
Authors: Verbanck Marie , Chen Chia-Yen , Neale Benjamin , Do Ron 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA fundamental assumption in inferring causality of an exposure on complex disease using Mendelian randomization (MR) is that the genetic variant used as the instrumental variable cannot have pleiotropic effects. Violation of this ‘no pleiotropy’ assumption can cause severe bias. Emerging evidence have supported a role for pleiotropy amongst disease-associated loci identified from GWA studies. However, the impact and extent of pleiotropy on MR is poorly understood. Here, we introduce a method called the Mendelian Randomization Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier (MR-PRESSO) test to detect and correct for pleiotropy in multi-instrument summary-level MR testing. We show using simulations that existing approaches are less sensitive to the detection of pleiotropy when it occurs in a subset of instrumental variables, as compared to MR-PRESSO. Next, we show that pleiotropy is widespread in MR, occurring in 41% amongst significant causal relationships (out of 4,250 MR tests total) from pairwise comparisons of 82 complex traits and diseases from summary level genome-wide association data. We demonstrate that pleiotropy causes distortion between-168% and 189% of the causal estimate in MR. Furthermore, pleiotropy induces false positive causal relationships-defined as those causal estimates that were no longer statistically significant in the pleiotropy corrected MR test but were previously significant in the naive MR test-in up to 10% of the MR tests using a P < 0.05 cutoff that is commonly used in MR studies. Finally, we show that MR-PRESSO can correct for distortion in the causal estimate in most cases. Our results demonstrate that pleiotropy is widespread and pervasive, and must be properly corrected for in order to maintain the validity of MR.
Semantically Defined Subdomains of Functional Neuroimaging Literature and their Corresponding Brain Regions
Authors: Alhazmi Fahd H , Beaton Derek , Abdi Hervé 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe functional neuroimaging literature has become increasingly complex and thus difficult to navigate. This complexity arises from the rate at which new studies are published and from the terminology that varies widely from study-to-study and even more so from discipline-to-discipline. One way to investigate and manage this problem is to build a “semantic space” that maps the different vocabulary used in functional neuroimaging literature. Such a semantic space will also help identify the primary research domains of neuroimaging and their most commonly reported brain regions. In this work, we analyzed the multivariate semantic structure of abstracts inNeurosynthand found that there are six primary domains of the functional neuroimaging literature each with their own preferred reported brain regions. Our analyses also highlight possible semantic sources of reported brain regions within and across domains because some research topics (e.g., memory disorders, substance use disorder) use heterogeneous terminology. Furthermore, we highlight the growth and decline of the primary domains over time. Finally, we note that our techniques and results form the basis of a “recommendation engine” that could help readers better navigate the neuroimaging literature.
Highly efficient site-specific mutagenesis in Malaria mosquitoes using CRISPR
Authors: Li Ming , Akbari Omar S. , White Bradley J. 
Published: July 2017

SUMMARYAnophelesmosquitoes transmit at least 200 million annual malaria infections worldwide. Despite considerable genomic resources, mechanistic understanding of biological processes inAnopheleshas been hampered by a lack of tools for reverse genetics. Here, we report successful application of the CRISPR/Cas9 system for highly efficient, site-specific mutagenesis in the diverse malaria vectorsAnopheles albimanus,Anopheles coluzzii, andAnopheles funestus. When guide RNAs and Cas9 are injected at high concentration, germline mutations are common and usually bi-allelic allowing for the rapid creation of stable, mutant lines for reverse genetic analysis. Our protocol should enable researchers to dissect the molecular and cellular basis of anopheline traits critical to successful disease transmission, potentially exposing new targets for malaria control.