bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry in Tertiary Level Hospital In Nepal
Authors: Ranjan Sanjeev , Poudel R , Pandey P 
Published: July 2016

Background: Consultation-liaison (C-L) psychiatry has emerged as a separate specialty in psychiatry in developed countries. It is an important component of a multidisciplinary hospital. In developing countries, this specialty is being underused and less emphasized. The reason for this could also be due to scarcity of study in this field in developing countries.Objective: To assess the socio-demographic and clinical variables of patients referred for C-L psychiatry in a tertiary hospital in western region of Nepal.Methods: One hundred consecutive inpatients referred for C-L psychiatry were assessed for socio demographic referrals, reason for referral and their attitude towards psychiatric referral. Each patient was evaluated in detail by consultant psychiatrists and the psychiatric diagnosis made according to the International Classification of Disease-10 (ICD-10) criteria.Results: The mean age of the sample was 40.28 years (±18.76) with male to female ratio of 1.27:1. The department of internal medicine was the most referring department (56%) andmajority of the patients referred had positive attitude towards psychiatric referral (94%). Alcohol dependence syndrome (ADS) and intentional self harm (21% each) were the most common psychiatric diagnoses made. Conclusions: psychiatry consultation was done mostly by the department of internal medicine and majority of patient had positive attitude toward psychiatric referral.Health Renaissance 2014;12(3): 170-174
Crystalloid Prehydration versus Cohydration for Prevention Of Hypotension during Spinal Anaesthesia For Elective Caesarean Section
Authors: Sharma Apurb , Gupta P K , Singh S N , Uprety D 
Published: July 2016

Background: Hypotension during spinal anesthesia is a well known problem.Traditionally prehydration before the spinal block is one of the strategies used toprevent hypotension. Recently the efficacy of prehydration has been questioned.Objective: To compare the incidence of hypotension and vasopressor requirementwith crystalloid prehydration and cohydration in women undergoing electivecaesarean section.Methods: The prospective randomized study was carried out in 120 patients undergoing elective lower segment caesarian section under spinal anaesthesia. They were allocated to receive either 20ml/kg of lactated ringer’s solution during 20 minutes prior to induction of spinal anaesthesia (prehydration group) or equivalent volume by rapid infusion immediately after administration of the local anaesthetic intrathecally (cohydration group). Vitals, incidence of hypotension, dose of mephenteramine used and complications were recorded.Results: Hypotension occurred in 19 of 60 patients (31.6%) in prehydration group whereas in 15 of 60 patients (25.0%) in cohydration group, but the difference was not significant (P>0.05). But significantly less patients in the cohydration group (2 of 60 vs 18 of 60) developed hypotension and required vasopressor therapy before delivery of baby (P<0.001). Similarly, parturients in the cohydration group required significantly less dose of mephenteramine for treatment of hypotension.Conclusion: Rapid crystalloid administration after the induction of spinal anaesthesia for elective caesarean section prevents hypotension before delivery and decreases vasopressorrequirement.Health Renaissance 2014;12(3): 190-196
Multicystic Nephroma-Report of Two Rare Cases in a Span Of Seven Years
Authors: Paudyal Punam , Agarwal M , Pradhan A , Sinha A K , Karak A K , Agarwal R 
Published: July 2016

Background: Multicystic nephroma (MCN) is an uncommon but distinctive benign pediatric renal neoplasm but may present clinically at any age. It is scantily reported in the literature. To the best of our knowledge it has not yet been reported from Nepal. It is characterized by a well circumscribed mass with nodular outer surface that contain multiple fluid filled locals. Microscopy show cystically dilated spaces lined by flattened to columnar epithelium and is separated by fibroblastic stroma. A hobnail pattern is common.Case description: Here we report two cases of multicystic nephroma in a span of seven years. The first case is of a one year old female child who was diagnosed of having huge left sided renal mass clinically and the second case is of a 35-year-old male revealing hydatid cyst in USG, CT scan and IVP. Both of them underwent nephrectomy and their microscopic examination revealed typical characteristics of a multicystic nephroma.Conclusion: Since MCN has a benign behaviour it must be differentiated from focal cystic neoplastic lesions, including cystic partially differentiated nephroblastoma (CPDN), which has a low but distinct capability for local recurrence; from Wilm’s tumour with cystic change; and cystic renal cell carcinoma.Health Renaissance 2014;12(3): 227-229
DYNAMICAL ESTIMATE OF POST-MAIN-SEQUENCE STELLAR MASSES IN 47 TUCANAE
Authors: Parada Javiera , Richer Harvey , Heyl Jeremy , Kalirai Jason , Goldsbury Ryan 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
We use the effects of mass segregation on the radial distribution of different stellar populations in the core of 47 Tucanae to find estimates for the masses of stars at different post-main-sequence evolutionary stages. We take samples of main-sequence (MS) stars from the core of 47 Tucanae, at different magnitudes (i.e., different masses), and use the effects of this dynamical process to develop a relation between the radial distance (RD) at which the cumulative distribution reaches the 20th and 50th percentile and stellar mass. From these relations we estimate the masses of different post-MS populations. We find that mass remains constant for stars going through the evolutionary stages from the upper MS up to the horizontal branch (HB). By comparing RDs of the HB stars with stars of lower masses, we can exclude a mass loss greater than

during the red giant branch (RGB) stage at nearly the

level. The slightly higher mass estimates for the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) are consistent with the AGB having evolved from somewhat more massive stars. The AGB also exhibits evidence of contamination by more massive stars, possibly blue straggler stars (BSSs), going through the RGB phase. We do not include the BSSs in this paper due to the complexity of these objects; instead, the complete analysis of this population is left for a companion paper. The process to estimate the masses described in this paper is exclusive to the core of 47 Tuc.
PROPERTIES OF MICROLENSING EVENTS BY WIDE-SEPARATION PLANETS WITH A MOON
Authors: Chung Sun-Ju , Ryu Yoon-Hyun 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
We investigate the properties of microlensing events caused by planetary systems where planets with a moon are widely separated from their host stars. From this investigation, we find that the moon feature generally appears as a very short-duration perturbation on the smooth asymmetric light curve of the lensing event induced by the wide-separation planet; thus it can be easily discriminated from the planet feature responsible for the overall asymmetric light curve. For typical Galactic lensing events with an Einstein radius of ∼2 au, the asymmetry of the light curves due to bound planets can be noticed up to ∼20 au. We also find that the perturbations of wide planetary systems become dominated by the moon as the projected star–planet separation increases, and eventually the light curves of events produced by such systems appear as the single lensing light curve of the planet itself with a very short-duration perturbation induced by the moon, which is a representative light curve of the event induced by a star and a planet, except on the Einstein timescale of the planet. We also study the effect of a finite source star on the moon feature in wide planetary lensing events. From this study, we find that when the lunar caustic is sufficiently separated from the planetary caustic, the lower limit on the ratio of the size of the lunar caustic to the source radius causing a ≥5% lunar deviation depends mostly on the projected planet–moon separation regardless of the moon/star mass ratio, and it decreases as the planet–moon separation becomes smaller or larger than the planetary Einstein radius.
THE JCMT GOULD BELT SURVEY: EVIDENCE FOR DUST GRAIN EVOLUTION IN PERSEUS STAR-FORMING CLUMPS
Authors: Chen Michael Chun-Yuan , Francesco J. Di , Johnstone D. , Sadavoy S. , Hatchell J. , Mottram J. C. , Kirk H. , Buckle J. , Berry D. S. , Broekhoven-Fiene H. , Currie M. J. , Fich M. , Jenness T. , Nutter D. , Pattle K. , Pineda J. E. , Quinn C. , Salji C. , Tisi S. , Hogerheijde M. R. , Ward-Thompson D. , Bastien P. , Bresnahan D. , Butner H. , Chrysostomou A. , Coude S. , Davis C. J. , Drabek-Maunder E. , Duarte-Cabral A. , Fiege J. , Friberg P. , Friesen R. , Fuller G. A. , Graves S. , Greaves J. , Gregson J. , Holland W. , Joncas G. , Kirk J. M. , Knee L. B. G. , Mairs S. , Marsh K. , Matthews B. C. , Moriarty-Schieven G. , Mowat C. , Pezzuto S. , Rawlings J. , Richer J. , Robertson D. , Rosolowsky E. , Rumble D. , Schneider-Bontemps N. , Thomas H. , Tothill N. , Viti S. , White G. J. , Wouterloot J. , Yates J. , Zhu M. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
The dust emissivity spectral index, β, is a critical parameter for deriving the mass and temperature of star-forming structures and, consequently, their gravitational stability. The β value is dependent on various dust grain properties, such as size, porosity, and surface composition, and is expected to vary as dust grains evolve. Here we present β, dust temperature, and optical depth maps of the star-forming clumps in the Perseus Molecular Cloud determined from fitting spectral energy distributions to combined Herschel and JCMT observations in the 160, 250, 350, 500, and 850 μm bands. Most of the derived β and dust temperature values fall within the ranges of 1.0–2.7 and 8–20 K, respectively. In Perseus, we find the β distribution differs significantly from clump to clump, indicative of grain growth. Furthermore, we also see significant localized β variations within individual clumps and find low-β regions correlate with local temperature peaks, hinting at the possible origins of low-β grains. Throughout Perseus, we also see indications of heating from B stars and embedded protostars, as well evidence of outflows shaping the local landscape.
THE FIRST SPECTRUM OF THE COLDEST BROWN DWARF
Authors: Skemer Andrew J. , Morley Caroline V. , Allers Katelyn N. , Geballe Thomas R. , Marley Mark S. , Fortney Jonathan J. , Faherty Jacqueline K. , Bjoraker Gordon L. , Lupu Roxana 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
The recently discovered brown dwarf WISE 0855 presents the first opportunity to directly study an object outside the solar system that is nearly as cold as our own gas giant planets. However, the traditional methodology for characterizing brown dwarfs—near-infrared spectroscopy—is not currently feasible, as WISE 0855 is too cold and faint. To characterize this frozen extrasolar world we obtained a 4.5–5.2 μm spectrum, the same bandpass long used to study Jupiter’s deep thermal emission. Our spectrum reveals the presence of atmospheric water vapor and clouds, with an absorption profile that is strikingly similar to Jupiter’s. The spectrum quality is high enough to allow for the investigation of dynamical and chemical processes that have long been studied in Jupiter’s atmosphere, but now on an extrasolar world.
PROPERTIES AND MODELING OF UNRESOLVED FINE STRUCTURE LOOPS OBSERVED IN THE SOLAR TRANSITION REGION BY IRIS
Authors: Brooks David H. , Reep Jeffrey W. , Warren Harry P. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
Recent observations from the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) have discovered a new class of numerous low-lying dynamic loop structures, and it has been argued that they are the long-postulated unresolved fine structures (UFSs) that dominate the emission of the solar transition region. In this letter, we combine IRIS measurements of the properties of a sample of 108 UFSs (intensities, lengths, widths, lifetimes) with one-dimensional non-equilibrium ionization simulations, using the HYDRAD hydrodynamic model to examine whether the UFSs are now truly spatially resolved in the sense of being individual structures rather than being composed of multiple magnetic threads. We find that a simulation of an impulsively heated single strand can reproduce most of the observed properties, suggesting that the UFSs may be resolved, and the distribution of UFS widths implies that they are structured on a spatial scale of 133 km on average. Spatial scales of a few hundred kilometers appear to be typical for a range of chromospheric and coronal structures, and we conjecture that this could be an important clue for understanding the coronal heating process.
LONG-LIVED SPIRAL STRUCTURE FOR GALAXIES WITH INTERMEDIATE-SIZE BULGES
Authors: Saha Kanak , Elmegreen Bruce 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
Spiral structure in disk galaxies is modeled with nine collisionless N-body simulations including live disks, halos, and bulges with a range of masses. Two of these simulations make long-lasting and strong two-arm spiral wave modes that last for ∼5 Gyr with constant pattern speed. These two had a light stellar disk and the largest values of the Toomre Q parameter in the inner region at the time the spirals formed, suggesting the presence of a Q-barrier to wave propagation resulting from the bulge. The relative bulge mass in these cases is about 10%. Models with weak two-arm spirals had pattern speeds that followed the radial dependence of the Inner Lindblad Resonance.
Media Education as a Strategy for Online Civic Participation in Portuguese Schools
Authors: Dias-Fonseca Tânia , Potter John 
Published: July 2016

Whilst various studies have examined participation on the Internet as a key element of a new emergent civic engagement, informally or formally through national and local governments’ online measures, less has been done to measure or suggest ways of overcoming social and technological constraints on online civic participation. Additionally, few studies have looked at the relationship between the actual implementation of such initiatives in classrooms and the messages which are conveyed indirectly as a result of teachers’ own conceptions of classroom strategies, which are perhaps better described as a “hidden curriculum”. This paper reports on these constructions through a set of detailed quantitative and qualitative case studies of the implementation of civic engagement through online activity in several regions of Portugal. The data, obtained through questionnaires, were used to produce novel composite scores reflecting the participatory and media literacy strategies of schools, as well as teachers and students’ media literacy and online civic actions. We present empirical results from a study population consisting of 12 public secondary school principals, 131 teachers, and 1,392 students in grades 11 and 12, suggesting that students’ online civic engagement and media literacy levels are affected by their teachers’ classroom practices and further training and by the implementation of a project-based approach to media education.Mientras que numerosos estudios han examinado la participación en internet como elemento clave de una nueva involucración cívica emergente, informal o formal, a través de medidas gubernamentales locales o nacionales on-line, el esfuerzo ha sido menor para medir o sugerir formas de superar las restricciones sociales y tecnológicas de la participación cívica on-line. Pocos estudios se han centrado en la relación entre la implementación de las iniciativas en las aulas y los mensajes expresados indirectamente como resultado de las concepciones personales de los docentes en las estrategias didácticas que probablemente pueden ser descritas como «currículo oculto». Nos basamos en un análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo de un conjunto de estudios de casos sobre la implementación del compromiso cívico a través de actividades en línea en varias regiones de Portugal. Los datos obtenidos a través de cuestionarios fueron usados para crear un sistema de puntuación capaz de reflejar las estrategias escolares sobre la participación y la alfabetización mediática, así como, la acción cívica on-line de docentes y alumnos. Presentamos los resultados empíricos con una población que comprende 12 directores de escuelas públicas secundarias, 131 docentes y 1.392 alumnos de los cursos 11º y 12º. Los resultados sugieren que los niveles mediáticos de los estudiantes y sus niveles de compromiso cívico on-line están influenciados por las prácticas de sus profesores, su formación y por la implantación de proyectos de alfabetización mediática.
Media Competence of Teachers and Students of Compulsory Education in Spain
Authors: Ramírez-García Antonia , González-Fernández Natalia 
Published: July 2016

Faced with a society that uses the media from dawn until dusk, it is imperative to identify the relationship between users and media. Therefore, this quantitative research aims to determine media competence levels of teachers and students in compulsory education in six areas. Media competence offers a diagnosis of possible shortcomings and needs educational intervention in both groups. Primary education students have shown an intermediate level of media competence. Secondary education students are at a basic level of competence in all the areas, except for technology and media literacy, which are at an intermediate level of competence. Most teachers have a basic level of media competence in all areas. Despite having a curriculum that meets the needs of media literacy in compulsory education and the proliferation of policies supporting technology, this is the weakest area in participants. A critical revision of school curricula and a consensus in their design and development would facilitate students’ shared training and minimize a possible exclusion in relation to media. Meanwhile an own curriculum and a training through a network of related professionals is the way to achieve higher levels of competence in both groups.Ante una sociedad en la que desde el amanecer se utilizan medios de comunicación, es necesario identificar las relaciones que se establecen con los mismos. Esta investigación de naturaleza cuantitativa pretende determinar los niveles de competencia mediática del profesorado y alumnado de educación obligatoria en las seis dimensiones que la integran. Estos niveles ofrecen un primer diagnóstico sobre posibles carencias y necesidades de intervención educativa. El alumnado de Educación Primaria demostró poseer unos niveles competenciales medios. El alumnado de Educación Secundaria, salvo para las dimensiones tecnología y estética, que se situaría en un nivel medio de competencia, en las restantes, el porcentaje mayoritario lo sitúa en niveles básicos. La mayor parte del profesorado en todas las dimensiones de la competencia mediática se ubica en un nivel básico. A pesar de contar con un currículo escolar que responde a las necesidades de alfabetización mediática en la enseñanza obligatoria y proliferar políticas de apoyo a la tecnología, en la práctica la mayor debilidad de los participantes, sobre todo profesorado, se centra en el aspecto tecnológico. La revisión crítica de los currículos escolares y un consenso en el diseño y desarrollo de los mismos facilitarían una formación común del alumnado y alejaría el fantasma de una posible exclusión mediática. Mientras que un currículo propio y una formación mediante redes relacionales de profesionales es el camino para alcanzar mayores niveles competenciales en ambos colectivos.
The Wiki Learning Project: Wikipedia as an Open Learning Environment
Authors: Ricaurte-Quijano Paola , Carli-Álvarez Arianna 
Published: July 2016

Traditional educational models limit learning possibilities to formal and closed environments. However, mobile technologies and digital platforms are changing this paradigm, expanding learning opportunities. Based on the principles of peer knowledge production, we argue that Wikipedia can be used as an open learning environment that serves several purposes: a) it allows the acquisition of basic skills; b) it contributes to collective intelligence; c) it shortens the global knowledge gap; and, d) it enables the creation of global learning networks. The aim of this study is to introduce the process, strategies, and results of the implementation of the Wiki Learning project at a Mexican university, as an open learning model for the use of Wikipedia as a learning tool. This project included a variety of activities, from article production to workshops by and for students and teachers; 115 students and 57 teachers were surveyed to identify their perception about Wikipedia, its use and potential as educational tool. The results showed that, although the majority are Wikipedia users, there is still a lack of knowledge about its functioning, structure and communities, and a negative perception of the Wikipedia. This poses a great challenge to overcome this stigma and recover the value of collective knowledge production, the purpose of the encyclopedia and its place as a relevant product of collective intelligence.
Los enfoques predominantes en el sistema educativo tradicional circunscriben las posibilidades de aprendizaje a entornos formales y cerrados. Sin embargo, las tecnologías móviles y plataformas digitales están transformando este paradigma, expandiendo las posibilidades de aprendizaje. A partir de esta condición y en el marco de la producción del conocimiento entre pares, sostenemos que Wikipedia puede ser utilizada como un entorno de aprendizaje abierto que cumple varios propósitos: a) permite adquirir competencias básicas; b) contribuye a la inteligencia colectiva; c) acorta la brecha global de conocimiento; y, d) facilita la construcción de redes globales de aprendizaje. Este estudio de caso tiene como objetivo presentar el proceso, estrategias y resultados del proyecto Wiki Learning, como modelo de aprendizaje abierto a través del uso de Wikipedia en una universidad mexicana. El proyecto abarcó desde la producción de artículos hasta talleres para el desarrollo de capacidades de profesores y estudiantes. Se realizaron encuestas a 57 docentes y 115 alumnos para identificar la percepción acerca de Wikipedia, su uso y posibilidades como herramienta educativa. Los resultados demostraron que a pesar de que todos son usuarios de Wikipedia, existe un desconocimiento general sobre su funcionamiento, estructura y comunidades, además de cierta desconfianza. Se presenta un desafío para romper el estigma y recuperar el valor de la gestión compartida del conocimiento, el propósito de la enciclopedia y su lugar como producto de la inteligencia colectiva.
Le Yémen dans les années 80 : entre crises et développement
Authors: Dresch Paul 
Published: July 2016

Au cours des années 1980 se sont dessinées les tendances structurelles qui allaient modeler le régime politique et le développement économique du Yémen du Nord et, par la suite, le pays tout entier. Les « bonnes feuilles » qui suivent sont extraites de l’ouvrage A History of Modern Yemen, de Paul Dresch. Elles ont une double vocation : donner quelques aperçus de cet arrière-plan historique essentiel et encourager le lecteur à aller découvrir, dans cet ouvrage fondamental, des clefs de lecture qui lui permettront de décrypter la situation complexe du Yémen contemporain.