bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinetic mechanism and determinants of EF-P recruitment to translating ribosomes
Authors: Mudryi Vitalii , Frister Jan Ole , Peng Bee-Zen , Wohlgemuth Ingo , Peske Frank , Rodnina Marina V 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
EF-P is a translation factor that facilitates the formation of peptide bonds between consecutive prolines. Using FRET between EF-P and ribosomal protein bL33, we studied dynamics and specificity of EF-P binding to the ribosome. Our findings reveal that EF-P rapidly scans for a free E site and can bind to any ribosome containing a P-site tRNA, regardless of the ribosome's functional state. The interaction with uL1 is essential for EF-P binding, while the β-Lys modification of EF-P doubles the association rate. Specific interactions with the D-loop of tRNAPro or tRNAfMet and via the β-Lys group with the tRNA in the peptidyl transferase center reduce the rate of EF-P dissociation from the ribosome, providing the specificity for complexes that need help in catalyzing peptide bond formation. The nature of the E-site codon has little effect on EF-P binding kinetics. Although EF-P dissociation is reduced upon recognizing its correct tRNA substrate, it remains sufficiently rapid compared to tRNA translocation and does not affect the translocation rate. These results highlight the importance of EF-P’s scanning-engagement mechanism for dynamic substrate recognition during rapid translation.
GenomicLinks: deep learning predictions of 3D chromatin interactions in the maize genome
Authors: Schlegel Luca , Bhardwaj Rohan , Shahryary Yadollah , Demirtürk Defne , Marand Alexandre P , Schmitz Robert J , Johannes Frank 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Gene regulation in eukaryotes is partly shaped by the 3D organization of chromatin within the cell nucleus. Distal interactions between cis-regulatory elements and their target genes are widespread, and many causal loci underlying heritable agricultural traits have been mapped to distal non-coding elements. The biology underlying chromatin loop formation in plants is poorly understood. Dissecting the sequence features that mediate distal interactions is an important step toward identifying putative molecular mechanisms. Here, we trained GenomicLinks, a deep learning model, to identify DNA sequence features predictive of 3D chromatin interactions in maize. We found that the presence of binding motifs of specific transcription factor classes, especially bHLH, is predictive of chromatin interaction specificities. Using an in silico mutagenesis approach we show the removal of these motifs from loop anchors leads to reduced interaction probabilities. We were able to validate these predictions with single-cell co-accessibility data from different maize genotypes that harbor natural substitutions in these TF binding motifs. GenomicLinks is currently implemented as an open-source web tool, which should facilitate its wider use in the plant research community.
Antimicrobial performance and instrumental analysis for hexagonal ZnO NPs biosynthesized via Ziziphus leaf extract
Authors: Al-Assaly Rafal , Abdulmunem Habeeb Saba , Hammadi Asmaa H , Fadhil Al-Jibouri Lena , Hameed Rusul , Al-Nafiey Amer 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this study, ZnO (NPs) were successfully biosynthesized using Zn(NO3)2·6H2O as the Zn+2 source and fresh Ziziphus leaf extract as the reductive and stabilizer regent. The pH and temperature of the reaction were controlled, and the NPs were calcinated at 500°C for 2 h to produce ZnO. FESEM, EDX, XRD, UV-visible, and FTIR were used to analyze ZnO NPs. UV–Vis spectroscopy confirmed the interaction of the biomolecule with the Zn precursors (λmax = 362 nm). FESEM revealed hexagonal NPs with a size of 41.7 nm. XRD analysis confirmed a hexagonal structure with an average particle size of 17.4 nm. In addition to this work, we use the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration MIC method using a Biotek 800ST plate reader (Biotek, USA) to examine the antimicrobial efficacy of biosynthesized nanoparticles against standard and clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC PAO1), Streptococcus pneumoniae (ATCC BAA-334), and local isolate Candida albicans. The results of MIC explain that MIC value 125 µg/ml with IC50 = 56.2 µg/ml for Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC PAO1), MIC value 125 µg/ml and IC50 = 38.9 µg/ml for Streptococcus pneumoniae (ATCC BAA-334) and MIC value 250 µg/ml with IC50 = 79.3 µg/ml for the local isolate Candida albicans. This green approach offers a potential strategy for developing eco-friendly antimicrobial agents.
Chinese Thinking on Geoeconomics and Economic Statecraft
Authors: Norris William J. , Xu Yaosheng , Hu Dora 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses Chinese academic and policy-relevant approaches to the topic of economic statecraft and geoeconomics. The Chinese language literature on these subjects is largely derivative of English language scholarship, tends to focus more on empirical approaches over original theory, and is mainly interested in how to best harness Chinese economic power for political objectives. On the policy side, we note a clear shift toward a more confrontational paradigm, a departure from earlier themes of peaceful integration and win-win mutual benefit. This more assertive turn contrasts with the cooperative themes that had previously colored the way Chinese policy elites and many Chinese academics had traditionally thought of the intersection of economics and strategy. The chapter first examines how Chinese policy and academic communities think about geoeconomics and later the development of Chinese economic statecraft since the beginning of the twenty-first century, with a particular focus on the “New Era” under Xi Jinping. It finds that since the 2008 financial crisis, China’s economic statecraft has shifted away from a clear prioritization of opening up, commercial liberalization, and integrating China into global markets toward a resurgence of party-state mechanisms to guide and direct China’s economic activity. China’s contemporary economic statecraft has been increasingly characterized by a resurgence of Communist Party intervention domestically and the growing intensity of a great power competition abroad.
Communication between cancer cell subtypes by exosomes contributes to nasopharyngeal carcinoma metastasis and poor prognosis
Authors: Xie Hao-Jun , Jiang Ming-Jie , Jiang Ke , Tang Lin-Quan , Chen Qiu-Yan , Yang An-Kui , Mai Hai-Qiang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Intratumor heterogeneity is common in cancers, with different cell subtypes supporting each other to become more malignant. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), a highly metastatic cancer, shows significant heterogeneity among its cells. This study investigates how NPC cell subtypes with varying metastatic potentials influence each other through exosome-transmitted molecules.

Methods
Exosomes were purified and characterized. MicroRNA expression was analyzed via sequencing and qRT-PCR. The effects of miR-30a-5p on migration, invasion, and metastasis were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Its impact on desmoglein glycoprotein (DSG2) was assessed using dual-luciferase assays and Western blotting. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and statistical models linked miR-30a-5p/DSG2 levels to patient prognosis.

Results
Different NPC cell subtypes transmit metastatic potential via exosomes. High-metastatic cells enhance the migration, invasion, and metastasis of low-metastatic cells through exosome-transmitted miR-30a-5p. Plasma levels of exosomal miR-30a-5p are reliable indicators of NPC prognosis. miR-30a-5p may promote metastasis by targeting DSG2 and modulating Wnt signaling. Plasma exosomal miR-30a-5p inversely correlates with DSG2 levels, predicting patient outcomes.

Conclusion
High-metastatic NPC cells can increase the metastatic potential of low-metastatic cells through exosome-transmitted miR-30a-5p, which is a valuable prognostic marker assessable via liquid biopsy.
Fecal microbiota and metabolites in the pathogenesis and precision medicine for inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Ju Long , Suo Zhimin , Lin Jian , Liu Zhanju 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract, and its pathogenesis is believed to be associated with an imbalance between commensal organisms and the intestinal immune system. This imbalance is significantly influenced by the intestinal microbiota and metabolites and plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal mucosal homeostasis. However, disturbances in the intestinal microbiota cause dysregulated immune responses and consequently induce intestinal inflammation. Recent studies have illustrated the roles of the intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of IBD and underscored the potential of precision diagnosis and therapy. This work summarises recent progress in this field and particularly focuses on the application of the intestinal microbiota and metabolites in the precision diagnosis, prognosis assessment, treatment effectiveness evaluation, and therapeutic management of IBD.
The potential impact of AI innovations on US occupations
Authors: Septiandri Ali Akbar , Constantinides Marios , Quercia Daniele 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
An occupation is comprised of interconnected tasks, and it is these tasks, not occupations themselves, that are affected by Artificial Intelligence (AI). To evaluate how tasks may be impacted, previous approaches utilized manual annotations or coarse-grained matching. Leveraging recent advancements in machine learning, we replace coarse-grained matching with more precise deep learning approaches. Introducing the AI Impact measure, we employ Deep Learning Natural Language Processing to automatically identify AI patents that may impact various occupational tasks at scale. Our methodology relies on a comprehensive dataset of 17,879 task descriptions and quantifies AI’s potential impact through analysis of 24,758 AI patents filed with the United States Patent and Trademark Office between 2015 and 2022. Our results reveal that some occupations will potentially be impacted, and that impact is intricately linked to specific skills. These include not only routine tasks (codified as a series of steps), as previously thought but also nonroutine ones (e.g. diagnosing health conditions, programming computers, and tracking flight routes). However, AI’s impact on labor is limited by the fact that some of the occupations affected are augmented rather than replaced (e.g. neurologists, software engineers, air traffic controllers), and the sectors affected are experiencing labor shortages (e.g. IT, Healthcare, Transport).
Heavy metals and probabilistic risk assessment via Prunella vulgaris (food and medicine homology) consumption in Guangdong Province, China
Authors: Huang Rui , Chen Shaowei , Wang Ping , Zhu Pan , Xu Xiumin , Chen Zihui , Peng Jiewen 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Prunella vulgaris is widely used as the main ingredient of herb tea in Southeast Asia, as well as a traditional Chinese medicine. However, the heavy metal contaminations such as arsenic, cadmium, mercury and lead in P. vulgaris may be a cause for concern due to the environment pollution around, plantation and processing contamination. Thus, this study intented to assess both non-carcinogenic risks and carcinogenic risks attributed to cumulative exposure to the four heavy metals in P. vulgaris. The contaminations levels of heavy metals were determined in 90 batches of P. vulgaris. And the consumption level was obtained through a questionnaire survey among a total of 6,235 adult participants in Guangdong province. This study estimated the probabilistic health risks using Monte Carlo simulation, and found that the estimated mean and the 95th percentile values for cumulative noncarcinogenic risk (HI value) and carcinogenic risk (TCR value) of P. vulgaris were all within the acceptable risk. And the assessment results indicated that arsenic was the primary contributors to both noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks through P. vulgaris consumption. These findings and continuing the surveillance of heavy metals in P. vulgaris will be particularly relevant to both consumers and policy makers.
Implications of breast density for breast cancer screening
Authors: Watkins Elyse , Jackson Toni 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Extremely dense breasts can be an independent risk factor for breast cancer. A new FDA rule requires that patients be notified of their breast density and the possible benefits of additional imaging to screen for breast cancer. Clinicians should be cognizant of the data about breast cancer risk, breast density, and recommendations to change screening techniques if patients, particularly premenopausal females, have extremely dense breasts but no other known risk factors.
Using ultrasound to identify adnexal masses
Authors: McConnell Michael , Strelow Brittany 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
This article describes the use of ultrasound in the initial diagnosis of a patient with a pelvic mass. CT commonly is used to detect ovarian cancer, especially when the patient has nonspecific symptoms; ultrasound also can be used as a follow-up procedure after an abdominal ultrasound reveals suspicious findings.
Global burden of lung cancer in 2022 and projected burden in 2050
Authors: Guo Lanwei , Zhu Chenxin , Cai Lin , Zhang Xinglong , Fang Yi , Chen Hongda , Yang Haiyan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
Lung cancer is the most common cancer and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and mortality of lung cancer worldwide in 2022 and to project the number of new cases and deaths due to lung cancer in China and the United States in 2050.

Methods:
In this study, data from the GLOBCAN 2022 database were used to analyze lung cancer incidence and mortality. The current status of lung cancer incidence and deaths was described by country/region, sex, age, and the human development index (HDI), and future lung cancer incidence and deaths in China and the United States were projected for 2050.

Results:
Globally, an estimated 2,480,675 new lung cancer cases and 1,817,469 lung cancer-related deaths occurred in 2022, with age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) and age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) of 23.6/100,000 and 16.8/100,000, respectively. In China, the ASIR and ASMR for male lung cancer patients were approximately 1.7 times and 2.7 times greater than those for female lung cancer patients, respectively. The ASIR and ASMR in high-HDI countries were approximately 8.5 times and 6.5 times those in low-HDI countries, respectively. It is estimated that in 2050, there will be approximately 1120 thousand new cases and 960 thousand deaths among Chinese men, 680 thousand new cases and 450 thousand deaths among Chinese women, approximately 170 thousand new cases and 110 thousand deaths among American men, and 160 thousand new cases and 90 thousand deaths among American women.

Conclusions:
There are significant differences in the incidence and mortality of lung cancer among different regions and sexes. Therefore, sex factors need to be considered in the prevention, screening, and treatment strategies of lung cancer, and the implementation of tertiary prevention measures for lung cancer, especially primary and secondary prevention, needs to be actively promoted.
Potential of a Second Screening Test for Alloimmunization in Pregnancies of Rhesus-positive Women: A Swedish Population-based Cohort Study
Authors: Lamichhane Nishan , Liu Shengxin , Wikman Agneta , Reilly Marie 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
There is lack of consensus regarding whether a second screening in rhesus-positive pregnant women is worthwhile, with different guidelines, recommendations, and practices. We aimed to estimate the number and timing of missed alloimmunizations in rhesus-positive pregnancies screened once and weigh the relative burden of additional screening and monitoring versus the estimated reduction in adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Methods:
We extracted information on maternal, pregnancy, and screening results for 682,126 pregnancies for 2003–2012 from Swedish national registers. We used data from counties with a routine second screening to develop and validate a logistic model for a positive second test after an earlier negative. We used this model to predict the number of missed alloimmunizations in counties offering only one screening. Interval-censored survival analysis identified an optimal time window for a second test. We compared the burden of additional screening with estimated adverse pregnancy outcomes avoided.

Results:
The model provided an accurate estimate of positive tests at the second screening. For counties with the lowest screening rates, we estimated that a second screening would increase the alloimmunization prevalence by 33% (from 0.19% to 0.25%), detecting the 25% (304/1222) of cases that are currently missed. The suggested timing of a second screen was gestational week 28. For pregnancies currently screened once, the estimated cost of a second test followed by maternal monitoring was approximately 10% of the cost incurred by the excess adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Conclusion:
Investment in routine second screening can identify many alloimmunizations that currently go undetected or are detected late, with the potential for cost savings.
Immediate Breast Reconstruction Outcomes in Patients with Prior Mantle and Whole Breast Irradiation
Authors: Mullen Barbara L. , Mazroua Muhammad S. , Murphy Brenna M. , Boonipat Thanapoom , Gao Robert W. , Mrdutt Mary M. , Shumway Dean A. , Degnim Amy C. , Vijayasekaran Aparna 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Limited studies have detailed the risk of mastectomy with immediate breast reconstruction among women who previously received mantle field radiation.

Methods:
A single institution retrospective review from 2010 to 2020 of patients previously treated with mantle field radiation (MF-RT) and subsequent mastectomy with immediate breast reconstruction was performed. Patients with prior whole breast irradiation (WBI) were also included as a reference group. Demographic, comorbidity, and surgical factors were collected. The primary outcome was major complications, defined as those requiring reoperation, intravenous antibiotics, or debridement.

Results:
Fourteen patients with prior MF-RT (27 breasts) and 129 with prior WBI (132 breasts) underwent mastectomy with immediate reconstruction. Prior MF-RT patients were significantly younger (43.8 versus 57.5, P < 0.001) and had significantly lower body mass index (23.6 versus 26.8, P = 0.004) compared with prior WBI patients. Nipple-sparing mastectomy was significantly more common in the mantle than in the WBI patients (78.6% versus 35.9%, P = 0.03). Most (13, 92.9%) prior mantle patients underwent tissue expander/implant-based reconstruction. Three (21.4%) prior MF-RT patients had major complications at any point, but none required an alternative type of reconstruction. On multiple variable analysis, there was no significant difference in major complication risk among prior MF-RT versus WBI patients (HR 0.74, confidence interval 0.20–2.70, P = 0.74).

Conclusion:
Immediate tissue expander/implant-based reconstruction in prior MF-RT patients seems safe, with a complication risk similar to that of prior WBI patients.
Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis in Flat, Normal, and Steep Corneas
Authors: Arnon Roee , Levinger Eliya , Pikkel Joseph , Yahalomi Tal , Sela Tzahi , Munzer Gur , Kaiserman Igor , Mimouni Michael 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:To compare laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) outcomes in patients with different corneal curvatures.Methods:This is a retrospective comparative chart review. Patients included in this study underwent wavefront-optimized myopic LASIK between January 2013 and December 2022 at Care-Vision Laser Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel. Patients were divided into 3 groups based on the steepness of the cornea (steep keratometry) (flat: <42 diopters [D], normal: 42–46 D, and steep: >46 D). Case-by-case matching was performed to verify that baseline parameters (age, preoperative visual acuity, and refractive error) were similar between groups. Primary outcome measures were postoperative corrected/uncorrected distance visual acuity, efficacy index, safety index, spherical equivalence, and astigmatism.Results:After matching, 300 eyes were included in each group, which were similar in baseline parameters. There were no significant postoperative differences between flat, normal, and steep corneas regarding safety index (1.01 vs. 1.02 vs. 1.01,P= 0.95), efficacy index (1.03 vs. 1.02 vs. 1.02,P= 0.94), logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution corrected distance visual acuity (0.01 vs. 0.01 vs. 0.01,P= 0.17), logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution uncorrected distance visual acuity (0.02 vs. 0.03 vs. 0.02,P= 0.65), proportion of patients with spherical equivalence within 0.50 D (73.0% vs. 73.7% vs. 69.3%,P= 0.45) or 1.00 D (93.3% vs. 94.7% vs. 91.7%,P= 0.34) of the target, and proportion of patients with astigmatism within 0.50 D (86.7% vs. 82.3% vs. 80.3%,P= 0.11) or 1.00 D (98.7% vs. 98.7% vs. 99.0%,P= 0.91) of the target. Longer term follow-up of a smaller set of patients revealed similar results.Conclusions:No significant differences were found between flat, normal, and steep corneas following wavefront-optimized myopic LASIK. Thus, this procedure may be safely and effectively performed across a wide range of corneal curvatures.
Decreased vision due to scarring after phototherapeutic keratectomy
Authors: Nuijts Rudy M.M.A. , Ollivier Robin C.I. , Schlereth Simona , Cursiefen Claus , Busin Massimo , Yu Angeli Christy , Alió Jorge , Borderie Vincent , Shetty Rohit , Nagaraja Harsha , Sethu Swaminathan 
Published: September 2024

In May 2023, a 36-year-old carpenter complained of a sudden decrease in visual acuity in both eyes after his fourth COVID-19 vaccination. He underwent extensive evaluation by ophthalmological, neurological, and internal medicine specialists elsewhere, which was unremarkable, except for a computed tomography scan of his brain showing minor occipital calcifications. In 2021, he had been diagnosed with anterior basement membrane dystrophy and treated with phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) of the left eye, leading to significant postoperative haze.
On referral in July 2023, slitlamp examination showed significant anterior basement membrane dystrophy in the right eye, whereas the left eye had an extensive central scar in the anterior stroma, measuring up to 6 mm in width and 140 µm in depth (Figures 1–3

JOURNAL/jcrs/04.03/02158034-202410000-00017/figure1/v/2024-09-18T130724Z/r/image-tiff

JOURNAL/jcrs/04.03/02158034-202410000-00017/figure2/v/2024-09-18T130724Z/r/image-tiff

JOURNAL/jcrs/04.03/02158034-202410000-00017/figure3/v/2024-09-18T130724Z/r/image-tiff

). His corrected distance visual acuity was 20/80 in his right eye and 20/200 in his left eye, with a manifest refraction of −0.50 −3.75 × 170 and +0.00 −4.75 × 180, respectively. Corneal Scheimpflug topography showed regular corneal astigmatism of 3.3 diopters (D) and 5.5 D in the right and left eyes, respectively, with a corneal thickness of 550 and 566 µm (Figure 4

JOURNAL/jcrs/04.03/02158034-202410000-00017/figure4/v/2024-09-18T130724Z/r/image-tiff

). The Schirmer tear test was 20-20 mm. Fundoscopy, electrophysiological testing, and retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed no abnormalities. The patient mentioned he had Crohn disease, managed with ustekinumab (a monoclonal antibody inhibitor of cytokines interleukin [IL]-12 and IL-23), but he had discontinued it because of the apparent remission of the disease.
Attempts to improve visual acuity involved a soft bandage contact lens in the right eye, which was discontinued after 2 days because of the occurrence of a small corneal infiltrate that healed with a short course of topical antibiotics. Unfortunately, because of his vision, he cannot perform his tasks as a carpenter anymore.
Which is your recommended treatment for both eyes?