bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the Role of Physical Education in Physical Activity Promotion: An Italian Multicenter Study
Authors: Gallè Francesca , Di Onofrio Valeria , Barbone Fabio , Brandi Giorgio , Calimeri Sebastiano , Carraro Elisabetta , Carraturo Federica , Dallolio Laura , De Meo Concetta , De Santi Mauro , Fantuzzi Guglielmina , Fortunato Francesca , Gorrasi Ilaria , Guida Marco , La Milia Daniele Ignazio , Leoni Erica , Lo Giudice Daniela , Minelli Liliana , Napoli Christian , Parpinel Maria , Pasquarella Cesira , Prato Rosa , Spica Vincenzo Romano , Signorelli Carlo , Tafuri Silvio , Valeriani Federica , Liguori Giorgio , _ _ 
Published: March 2016

Background:Physical education (PE) can be considered an instrument for active lifestyle promotion, and PE teachers can motivate youths to continue their studies in the field of Movement Sciences (MS).Methods:To evaluate the role of PE in higher secondary school in promoting physical activity (PA) and MS careers, previous PE experiences and current PA practice were investigated in a sample of Italian freshmen enrolled in different university degree courses.Results:A total of 7033 questionnaires were completed by students from 14 universities (41.3% males, mean age 20 ± 2.76 years). Recreation seemed to be the principal aim (42.2%) pursued during PE lessons, which are based mainly on practical activities (51.7%). Of all respondents, 67.2% were satisfied with the PE received during higher secondary school, and 51.6% participated in extracurricular PA. Current practice of PA was reported by 58.1% of the sample. Extracurricular activities were associated with choice of MS curricula (odds ratio: 2.15; 95% confidence interval, 1.85–2.50) and with current practice of PA (odds ratio: 1.68, 95% confidence interval, 1.51–1.87). Geographical differences concerning lessons organization and satisfaction were registered (P < .01).Conclusions:To enhance its role in health promotion, PE teaching should be improved by increasing the time allocated to PE and by strengthening the provision of school-based extracurricular PA.
Long-term Follow-up of Trigger Point Injections for Abdominal Wall Pain
Authors: Nazareno Jose , Ponich Terry , Gregor Jamie 
Published: March 2016

OBJECTIVE: Abdominal wall pain (AWP) is a common yet often overlooked source of abdominal pain. Trigger point injections (TPI) into the abdominal wall have been tried in the past. Few studies have looked at the long-term outcome from these injections.METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed on 110 consecutive patients who received TPI for abdominal pain at the University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario. Outcomes from patients whose pain was due to AWP were determined. AWP was defined as fixed or localized pain and superficial or point tenderness (less than 2.5 cm diameter) or a positive Carnett sign (increased pain with tensing abdomen). The primary outcome was long-term efficacy of TPI. The number of diagnostic tests ordered to exclude AWP and the cost of investigating it were determined. Secondary analyses were done to determine if there were significant predictors of response to TPI.RESULTS: Eighty-nine of 110 patients who received TPI met the criteria for AWP. In those who met the criteria for AWP, the average age was 42 years, 84% were female, and the average length of follow-up was 25 months. The primary outcome shows that, at follow-up, 77% had some or complete relief and 23% had no relief. An average of 4.3 diagnostic tests per patient were ordered to exclude other causes of abdominal pain. Secondary analyses show that meeting the criteria for AWP ( P<0.0005), the absence of gastrointestinal symptoms ( P<0.025), and an upper abdominal location of pain ( P<0.025) were statistically significant predictors of a positive response to TPI.CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that TPI, in patients who meet criteria for AWP, are effective over the long term.
Revisiting the Formation of Indicative Option of Investment of Money by Private Persons
Authors: Графова  , Grafova Galina , Графов  , Grafov Andrey , Аврашков  , Avrashkov Lyev , Шахватова  , Shakhvatova S. 
Published: March 2016

The article considers options for investment of funds by people in various financial instruments. The authors give
the methodical approaches for determining of the profitability of such investments.
Content and Methodical Support of Partial Program of Integrated Local History Curriculum «Belgorod Studies» for Preschool Children
Authors: Епанчинцева  , Epanchintseva N. , Стручаев  , Struchaev V. 
Published: March 2016

The article describes the features of the partial program of the integrated course “Belgorod Studies” for preschool children. The authors give
purposes and content of the program, consider its thematic content, the basic forms and activities, as well as the methodological means for
ensuring the socio-moral education of children on the basis of local history in the conditions of preschool organizations and further education.
Teacher, Be Tolerant!
Authors: Савостьянов  , Savostyanov Aleksandr 
Published: March 2016

The author considers the problem of tolerance as a complex psychological and social phenomenon. The question of the introduction in schools
from 2015/16 academic year of lessons of tolerance in accordance with developed program in the framework of the course “Social Studies”
on the basis of continuation of school subjects “The world around us” and “Fundamentals of religious cultures and secular ethics” in primary
school, is considered. Particular attention is paid to the education of teachers of tolerance for pupils. The author’s psychological test for teachers
“Are you tolerant person” is given.
Travelling to the East: A Nonverbal Communication Account
Authors: Buja Elena 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The present paper aims to give some account of the inner life of the East of which a traveller seldom gains more than a passing glimpse, by exploring some differences in nonverbal communication between European travellers and the natives of India and Persia, as they emerge from literary pieces written in the period 1664-1900. The focus will be on two nonverbal codes only, namely use of artefacts and rituals and practices. The analysis indicates both similarities, as well as differences between the two investigated cultures in terms of use of artefacts and rituals.
Respondent-Driven Sampling – Testing Assumptions: Sampling with Replacement
Authors: Barash Vladimir D. , Cameron Christopher J. , Spiller Michael W. , Heckathorn Douglas D. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Classical Respondent-Driven Sampling (RDS) estimators are based on a Markov Process model in which sampling occurs with replacement. Given that respondents generally cannot be interviewed more than once, this assumption is counterfactual. We join recent work by Gile and Handcock in exploring the implications of the sampling-with-replacement assumption for bias of RDS estimators. We differ from previous studies in examining a wider range of sampling fractions and in using not only simulations but also formal proofs. One key finding is that RDS estimates are surprisingly stable even in the presence of substantial sampling fractions. Our analyses show that the sampling-with-replacement assumption is a minor contributor to bias for sampling fractions under 40%, and bias is negligible for the 20% or smaller sampling fractions typical of field applications of RDS.
ДЕСТРУКЦІЯ КСЕНОБІОТИКІВ З ВИКОРИСТАННЯМ КУЛЬТУРАЛЬНОГО ФІЛЬТРАТУ КСИЛОТРОФІВ
Authors: Fedotov O. V. 
Published: March 2016

<p>The article deals with the efficiency of pollutants biodegradation by xylotrophic basidiomycetes submerged cultures grown on standard glucose-peptone medium (GPM). The efficiency of pollutants biodegradation was determined by the model compound – dye <em>Methyl Orange</em>. The purpose of the work is screening of 19 species 81 strains xylotrophic basidiomycetes cultures on the indicator of the dye oxidative degradation efficiency and exploring the possibility of induction of this indicator by modifying the culture medium. The biodegradation efficiency was determined by following method. Assigned amount of culture filtrate (experiment) or medium (control) was added to the 0.001% solution of <em>Methyl Orange</em> in sodium acetate buffer. pH of the reaction mixture was 4.4 units. Samples were incubated at +40°C for 48 hours. Then pH of the reaction mixture was set up at 3.1 units using sodium acetate buffer and the optical density of solutions at a wavelength of 506 nm was measured. The efficiency of biodegradation was calculated by the difference of the optical density of control and experiment as a percentage. The most promising strains – <em>F. velutipes</em> F-1105, <em>P. eryngii</em> P-er, <em>T. hirsuta</em> Th-11 and <em>D. quercina</em> Dq-08 were selected. The composition of the glucose-peptone medium was modified for these strains by the introduction in the medium lignosulfonate, Tween 80, Kirk’s minerals solution and selecting the concentration of these components. According to the study for the purpose of pollutants degradation it is advisable to cultivate <em>F. velutipes</em> F-1105 strain on modified GPM, which further comprises at 1 l: lignosulfonate – 3.5 g; Tween 80 – 1.0 g, Kirk’s minerals solution – 70 ml; <em>P. eryngii</em> P-er strain – 5.0 g, 1.0 g, 70 ml; <em>T. hirsuta</em> Th-11 strain – 5.0 g, 1.0 g, 105 ml; and <em>D. quercina</em> Dq-08 strain – 6.5 g, 1.0 g, 105 ml, respectively. This allowed to increase the model compound degradation efficiency by the culture filtrate of strain <em>F. velutipes</em> F-1105 in 9,3; <em>D. quercina</em> Dq-08 – in 9,6; <em>P. eryngii </em>P-er – in 13,3 and T. hirsuta Th-11 – 19,2 times. Thus, GPS modifications were designed that enhance the model compound oxidative degradation efficiency and are the basis for further optimization of the selected xylotrophic basidiomycetes strains submerged cultivation conditions to increase<strong> </strong>biodegradation of xenobiotics.</p> <p><em>Keywords:</em> xylotrophic basidiomycetes, submerged cultivation, biodegradation, <em>Methyl Orange</em>.</p>
ЗАЛЕЖНІСТЬ СИСТЕМАТИЧНОЇ ТА ЕКОЛОГІЧНОЇ СТРУКТУРИ ТРАВ’ЯНОГО ПОКРИВУ ЛІСОВИХ ЕКОСИСТЕМ ВІД АНТРОПОГЕННОГО ВПЛИВУ
Authors: Miroshnik N. V. , Tertychna O. V. 
Published: March 2016

<p>Pine forests Chigirinsky Bor grow on fresh sod-podzolic soils formed on ancient alluvial deposits. Pine forests are characterized by stringent moisture regimes and constantly suffer from lack of productive moisture in soil. Industrial development of Cherkasy in 60th years of ХХ century leaded air pollution and emissions of SO2, NOx, NH3, and dust. This contributed to significant negative influence on the surrounding forest ecosystems from enterprises of Cherkassy industrial agglomeration.</p> <p>The grass cover in pine stands of Chigirinsky Bor transforms into xerophytic grasses and ruderal communities under the impact of negative biotic and abiotic factors. They are namely the anthropogenic violation of forest conditions, stands decline, recreational and industrial tree crowns understocking, xerophytic and heliophytic transformations of forest conditions. All the above mentioned caused strong ruderal and adventive transformation of grass cover. We registered the changes in nitrophilous plant spread regards the Cherkasy industrial agglomeration approaching which emits toxic with nitrogen-containing gases. Adventive and other non-forest species displace ferns and mosses, the ratio of ecomorfs is also changes due to increase of the quantity and development activation of annuals, xerophytic, ruderal, and nitrofil plants. The <em>Asteraceae</em>/<em>Brassicaceae</em> 3:1 ratio indicates significant anthropogenic violations in the region.</p> <p>We fixed the xerophytic, ruderal, and adventive transformation of grass cover in forest ecosystems. It is also founded the tendency of expanding the fraction of mesophilic plant species due to alterations in water regime (creation of Kremenchug reservoir and draining of floodplain Tyasmyn). When approaching the Cherkasy industrial agglomeration the grass cover degradation is clearly observed on the environmental profile. All this causes the forest ecosystem degradation and gradual loss of forest vegetation typical characteristics. We revealed the domination of plant species that are tolerant to transformed forest conditions due to drastic anthropogenic changes of ecological regimes in Chygyryn's Bor.</p> <p><em>Key words:</em><em> grass cover, Chigirin's Bor, anthropogenic impact, forest ecosystem, industrial transformation and degradation of grass cover.</em></p>
The Effectiveness of Strategy-based Vocabulary Instruction on Iranian EFL Learners' Recall
Authors: Izadpana Elham , Ghafournia Narjes 
Published: March 2016

This study investigated the preferred vocabulary strategies, used by Iranian intermediate EFL learners and also the effect of strategy-based vocabulary instruction on students’ recall once immediately after the instruction period and once after a time interval (two weeks). In order to determine the learners’ level of proficiency, NET (Nelson English Test) was administered to the intended population. Those students, whose score fell within the range of 28-33 were labeled as intermediate. To identify the learners’ preferred vocabulary learning strategies, a questionnaire known as VOLSI (Vocabulary Learning Strategies Inventory) was given to them. The results indicated that there was not any significant difference between the mean scores of the participants in the control group and the participants in the experimental group (0.46). In simple words, the two groups were homogenous in terms of lexical knowledge at the beginning of the course. With regard to the obtained results for the two post-test phases, it was found that the post-treatment means of the two groups were significantly different in terms of recalling vocabulary. Taken together, the findings of this study support the foreign language research literature on vocabulary strategy training.
The Relationship Between Tolerance For Ambiguity And Students Propensity To Cheat On A College Exam
Authors: Thompson James H. , Austin Jane S. , Walters Bruce A. 
Published: March 2016

Businesses in the United States are being ravaged internally for a total of up to $400 billion yearly by white-collar crime (Martin, 1998). Fraud, the culprit, is defined as, “deceit; trickery; cheating” (Webster’s New World dictionary, 1978). This phenomenon knows no bounds, has no feelings, respects no one; and its perpetrators are described as the “greatest threat to businesses of all sizes” by Mark Simmons, a New York-based auditor with 20 years’ experience of fighting fraud (Applegate, 1998). This exploratory study is aimed at gaining a greater understanding of the psychological consistency of these perpetrators, who remain a constant threat to business education.
Thinking Critically About Business Ethics
Authors: Dean F. Peter , Boose Mary Ann 
Published: March 2016

In this study, we teach students and business professionals to apply a formal process of critical thinking to the issues of business ethics. Every new scandal generates a renewed interest in busin-ess ethics, leading the news media and the public to lament the current state of affairs, sometimes asking why colleges and schools of business don’t do a better job of teaching ethics. Many suggest that business owners and managers do not act as ethically as in the past. Some say that they can-not act ethically. The critical thinking skills and examples included in this study can serve to help students of business and professionals in business as they approach difficult ethical decisions.
When Good Management Isnt Enough: The Story Of A Czech Business In The Twentieth Century
Authors: TenHaken Vicki R. 
Published: March 2016

We teach management as a rational process: if you conscientiously apply the concepts learned, you will succeed. However, for this equation to work certain underlying factors must be in place. No matter how well prepared managers may be, events unfold around them that profoundly affect their organizations. We may take the basic infrastructure of democratic capitalism for granted when we teach management education, but it doesn’t hurt to remind our students occasionally that these ‘givens’ aren’t always there. By teaching our students to appreciate how remarkable is the achievement of democratic capitalism, will we be more likely to protect it and perhaps even improve upon it.
Walking A Kilometer In Their Shoes: An Exploration Of American And South Korean University Students Expectations And Experiences
Authors: Cumber Carol J. , Brooks April , Thaler Robert 
Published: March 2016

An exploratory study of university students from very different cultural backgrounds, attending universities in their home countries, was undertaken to assess their perceptions of multiculturalism, and their expectations and experiences as university students. Although a number of similarities existed, survey results indicated that the South Korean students were significantly more interested in multicultural issues. Survey results of American students indicated that even though their university offered myriad opportunities for increasing their understanding of diversity, multiculturalism and global issues, students lacked awareness of the opportunities and infrequently participated in the activities. This finding suggests that if a university is constrained by the non-diverse demography of its region, it will face a difficult task in motivating students to become globally aware and internationally competitive.
Methodological investigations and quality evaluations on the method of interference test of the bacterial endotoxin test in Chinese Pharmacopoeia
Authors: Pei Yusheng , Cai Tong , Zhang Yuchen , Gao Hua 
Published: March 2016

<p> <strong>Objective:</strong> By comparing the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and the United States, Europe, Japan Pharmacopoeia bacterial endotoxin gel interference test whether there are differences in test methods for the Chinese Pharmacopoeia revised to provide a scientific basis. Methods: 1748 times interfere with assay data respectively Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2010 edition methods and the United States, Europe, Japan and the existing experimental results to determine the methods, summarize all the experimental data using SAS software in accordance with the "two detection methods rank ordered symmetry test data "for statistical analysis. <strong>Results: </strong>The Chinese Pharmacopoeia methods and the United States, Europe, Japan and the symmetry test methods test coefficient P = 0.0001, the difference was not statistically significant. Two experimental methods weighted kappa value was 0.9530, the results have a good consistency. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> The gel test methods amendments disturbance tests for the United States, Europe, Japan model, coming bacterial endotoxin test "in Table 1 gel interference test solution preparation" in the C series "LAL marked sensitivity control series" parallel parallel 4 revised 2, does not affect the results, experimental operation can be simplified to avoid waste of resources limulus reagent. I can also make domestic endotoxin test further with international standards.</p>
Recent Advances in Clinical Trials of HCV Vaccines
Authors: Luo Yongneng , Jiang Limin , Mao Zi'an 
Published: March 2016

<p> Hepatitis C virus infects nearly 3% of the global population, and spreads to 3-4 million new people annually. HCV infection is a leading cause of liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and end-stage liver diseases and causes liver-related death in more than 300,000 people each year. Unfortunately, there is currently no vaccine for HCV prevention (prophylactic vaccine) or treatment (therapeutic vaccine). Circulating HCV is genetically diverse, and therefore a broadly effective vaccine must target conserved T- and B-cell epitopes of the virus and induce strong cross-reactive CD4+/CD8+ T-cell and neutralizing antibody responses in preventing or clearing HCV infection. So far, a few of vaccine development approaches are successful and some of the HCV vaccine candidates have reached human clinical trials, including those modalities mainly based on recombinant proteins (envelope proteins and core protein subunit), synthetic peptides, DNA (plasmid) and viral vectors (virosome). Encouraging results were obtained for those HCV vaccine formulations consisting of prime-boost regimen involving a live recombinant viral vector vaccine alone or in combination with DNA or subunit vaccine. Among several other vaccine strategies under preclinical development, the most promising one is virus like particle based vaccine that will be moving into human studies soon.</p>
Study on the Quality of Lyophilized Human Diploid Cell Rabies Vaccine Using Microcarrier Technology
Authors: Cai Yong , Zhou Rong , Li Shengyou , Huang Qiong , Yang Gangqiang , Feng Xiao , Hou Wenli 
Published: March 2016

<p>The aim is to study the potency, purity, safety, and stability of the lyophilized human diploid cell rabies vaccine (HDCV). The viruses were harvested from infected human diploid cells (MRC-5 strain) which were cultured in a microcarrier bioreactor. After harvest, purification, inactivation and lyophilization, HDCV was produced. The potency of vaccines was measured by NIH method; the bovine serum protein residual content and the antibiotic residues were tested by ELISA method; the endotoxin content was detected by semi quantitative gel method; the safety of vaccine was determined <em>in vivo</em>. Among 6 batches of HDCV, the lowest immunizing potency was 4.79 IU/ml, whilst the highest was 6.03 IU/ml; the lowest bovine serum protein residual content was 12.41 ng/dose, whilst the highest was 31.74 ng/Dose; the content of antibiotic residues was from 2.20 ng/ml to 4.00 ng/ml; endotoxin levels were all lower than 50 EU/dose. All the mice and guinea pigs vaccinated were all alive, and the body weight of each mouse also increased. The stability was investigated by determining the water content and potency of the vaccine placed in 37±1 °C for 4 weeks and 2-8 °C for 48 months, respectively. The results indicate all the quality index accords with the standards of “Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China 2010, 3 Volumes”. HDCV shows satisfactory potency, purity, safety, and stability.</p>
MERS-CoV: current research progress and prospect
Authors: Zhang Ronghua 
Published: March 2016

<p>Coronaviruses (CoVs) are enveloped viruses, and belong to the family <em>Coronaviridae</em>, the order <em>Nidovirales</em>. CoVs distribute widely among animals and primarily cause the respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases. Since 2012, an outbreak of new human coronavirus, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in Saudi Arabia has spread to 26 different countries and become a global threat. Here this article reviewed recent studies about the emergence, reservoir of MERS-CoV, and the animal models and treatments for MERS-CoV.</p><p> </p>