bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental and economic impacts of different sugarcane production systems in the ethanol biorefinery
Authors: Chagas Mateus F. , Bordonal Ricardo O , Cavalett Otávio , Carvalho João Luis N , Bonomi Antonio , La Scala Newton 
Published: December 2015

AbstractEconomic and environmental impacts of ethanol biorefineries with different sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) production technologies are evaluated with a focus on harvesting systems, reduced tillage, controlled traffic farming to reduce soil compaction, and alternatives of sugarcane rotation. Results showed that scenarios with sunn hemp (Crotolaria juncea) as a rotation crop in the sugarcane cycle present great potential to decrease environmental impacts of sugarcane biorefineries. Although reduced tillage promotes a reduction in sugarcane production costs in comparison to conventional tillage, it only cause a slightly decrease (less than 5%) on ethanol environmental impacts. Use of soybean (Glycine max) as a rotation crop yields an extra source of income, increasing the net agricultural revenues by 15% compared to scenario with sunn hemp. However, better economic and environmental impacts for sugarcane biorefinery are obtained with use of sunn hemp in the crop rotation and controlled traffic farming. Sugarcane production using controlled traffic farming allows an increased number of harvesters, with consequent reduction of 43% in greenhouse gases emissions, 24% in fossil depletion, and 44% in acidification potential when compared to burned cane scenario. These results reinforce that better agricultural management practices should be used to maximize number of cuts in the sugarcane cycle. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Production of p‐hydroxybenzoic acid from p‐coumaric acid by Burkholderia glumae BGR1
Authors: Jung Da‐Hye , Kim Eun‐Jung , Jung Eunok , Kazlauskas Romas J , Choi Kwon‐Young , Kim Byung‐Gee 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTp‐Coumaric acid (pCA) is abundant in biomass with low lignin content, such as straw and stubble from rye, wheat, and barley. pCA can be isolated from biomass and used for the synthesis of aromatic hydrocarbons. Here, we report engineering of the natural pathway for conversion of pCA into p‐hydroxybenzoic acid (pHBA) to increase the amount of pHBA that accumulates more than 100‐fold. Burkholderia glumae strain BGR1 (BGR1) grows efficiently on pCA as a sole carbon source via a CoA‐dependent non‐β‐oxidation pathway. This pathway removes two carbons from pCA as acetyl‐CoA yielding p‐hydroxybenzaldehyde and subsequently oxidizes it to pHBA. To increase the amount of accumulated pHBA in BGR1, we first deleted two genes encoding enzymes that degrade pHBA in the β‐ketoadipate pathway. At 10 mM of pCA, the double deletion mutant BGR1_PB4 (Δphb3hΔbcl) accumulated pHBA with 95% conversion, while the control BGR1 accumulated only with 11.2% conversion. When a packed bed reactor containing immobilized BGR1_PB4 cells was operated at a dilution rate 0.2 h−1, the productivity of pHBA was achieved at 9.27 mg/L/h for 134 h. However, in a batch reactor at 20 mM pCA, growth of BGR1_PB4 was strongly inhibited, resulting in a low conversion of 19.3%. To further increase the amount of accumulated pCA, we identified the first enzyme in the pathway, p‐hydroxcinnmaoyl‐CoA synthetase II (phcs II), as the rate‐limiting enzyme. Over expression of phcs II using a Palk promoter in a batch reaction at 20 mM of pCA yielded 99.0% conversion to pHBA, which is the highest concentration of pHBA ever reported using a biological process. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 1493–1503. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluation of the effect of hot‐compressed water treatment on enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic nanofibrils with different lignin content using a quartz crystal microbalance
Authors: Kumagai Akio , Lee Seung‐Hwan , Endo Takashi 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTHot‐compressed water (HCW) treatment is known to not only improve enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency of lignocellulosic biomass but to also generate insoluble lignin droplets, which retard enzymatic hydrolysis. In this study, the inhibitory effect of the lignin droplets was evaluated by monitoring the initial enzyme adsorption and degradation of lignocellulosic nanofibrils (LCNFs) using a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). Lignin content was adjusted by the sodium chlorite‐acetic acid method and divided into samples with high (24.9 wt%) and low (5.6 wt%) lignin content, which were then subjected to HCW treatment at various temperatures. The changes in lignin content were small with increasing HCW temperature, whereas hemicellulose content decreased, regardless of the initial lignin content. The formation of lignin droplets and pseudo‐lignin‐like products was confirmed in both LCNFs by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and was predominant in LCNFs with high lignin content treated at 200°C. QCM data showed that the enzyme adsorption amount in both LCNFs after HCW treatment was increased and was greater in LCNFs with low lignin content. Initial enzymatic degradation was substantially slowed in LCNFs with high lignin content, particularly after HCW treatment at temperatures higher than 180°C. These QCM results suggest that the steric hindrance of the deposited lignin is the primary mechanism by which the initial enzymatic hydrolysis is delayed. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 1441–1447. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Probing Protein Surfaces: QSAR Analysis with Helix Mimetics
Authors: Azzarito Valeria , Rowell Philip , Barnard Anna , Edwards Thomas A. , Macdonald Andrew , Warriner Stuart L. , Wilson Andrew J. 
Published: December 2015

Abstractα‐Helix‐mediated protein–protein interactions (PPIs) are important targets for small‐molecule inhibition; however, generic approaches to inhibitor design are in their infancy and would benefit from QSAR analyses to rationalise the noncovalent basis of molecular recognition by designed ligands. Using a helix mimetic based on an oligoamide scaffold, we have exploited the power of a modular synthesis to access compounds that can readily be used to understand the noncovalent determinants of hDM2 recognition by this series of cell‐active p53/hDM2 inhibitors.
Nickel–Iron/Gadolinium‐Doped Ceria (CGO) Composite Electrocatalyst as a Protective Layer for a Solid‐Oxide Fuel Cell Anode Fed with Biofuels
Authors: Lo Faro Massimiliano , Trocino Stefano , Zignani Sabrina Campagna , Italiano Cristina , Reis Rafael Machado , Ticianelli Edson Antonio , Aricò Antonino Salvatore 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe performance and reliability of a commercial solid‐oxide fuel cell (SOFC) with the anode coated by a protective catalytic layer is demonstrated. Physico‐chemical and electrochemical characterizations of a Ni–Fe/gadolinium‐doped ceria (CGO) electrocatalyst forming the protective layer are reported. The anode layer was prepared by using a procedure that favors the interaction between Ni and Fe. Power densities approaching 0.3 W cm−2 for the SOFC cell fed with dry organic fuels were obtained. A time test was performed in the presence of a large flow rate of dry organic fuels under operating conditions (0.8 V) showing appropriate fuel flexibility for the device. The resistance to sulfur contamination was verified by feeding increasing amounts of H2S. The cell showed only moderate performance losses until 80 ppm of sulfur contaminant.
Filtration Process Optimization: Rheological Behavior of a Filter Cake at Different Moisture Contents
Authors: Bourcier Damien , Kong Yan Siong , Feraud Jean‐Pierre , Ode Denis , Colson Didier , Puel François 
Published: December 2015

AbstractTransferring a wet cake from a filter to a dryer or furnace could severely lower the productivity of a whole process when the wet cake exhibits high viscosity and a sticky paste behavior. Depending on their moisture content, three distinct regions of rheological behavior were identified. Among them, only the granular solid type had sufficient flowability during the transfer operation. It was possible to discriminate the flow behavior more quantitatively by determining two transition values of moisture content. Rheological measurements were carried out at a constant shear rate representative of that encountered in the mechanical transfer system used at plant scale. The use of vane geometry for the rheometer was necessary to ensure an accurate repeatability of the viscosity measurements.
One‐Pot Route to Gold Nanoparticles Embedded in Electrospun Carbon Fibers as an Efficient Catalyst Material for Hybrid Alkaline Glucose Biofuel Cells
Authors: Both Engel Adriana , Bechelany Mikhael , Fontaine Olivier , Cherifi Aziz , Cornu David , Tingry Sophie 
Published: December 2015

AbstractTraditional strategies to develop Au metal nanoparticle catalysts for glucose oxidation comprise Au nanoparticles (NPs) supported on electrode surfaces. In this work, the fabrication of a new material capable of acting as an abiotic anode for the electrooxidation of glucose was developed. The material is composed of electrospun carbon fibers containing gold nanoparticles formed in situ from a polyacrylonitrile (PAN) solution with HAuCl4. This approach allows the pre‐reduction of the gold salt by PAN under mild conditions without the need for extra energy and leads to very stable carbon–gold bonding with well‐dispersed AuNPs, not previously reported. The gold‐modified carbon fibers (Au@CFs) were characterized by SEM, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, XRD, and electrochemical analysis. The Au@CF electrodes showed electrochemical activity toward glucose oxidation in alkaline media. Combined to a bilirubin oxidase modified biocathode (BOD@CFs), the resulting hybrid glucose biofuel cell showed open‐circuit voltage and power density values of 0.75 V and 65 μW cm−2, respectively, which remained intact after 3 weeks.
Direct Synthesis of Protoberberine Alkaloids by Rh‐Catalyzed C−H Bond Activation as the Key Step
Authors: Jayakumar Jayachandran , Cheng Chien‐Hong 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA one‐pot reaction of substituted benzaldehydes with alkyne–amines by a Rh‐catalyzed C−H activation and annulation to afford various natural and unnatural protoberberine alkaloids is reported. This reaction provides a convenient route for the generation of a compound library of protoberberine salts, which recently have attracted great attention because of their diverse biological activities. In addition, pyridinium salt derivatives can also be formed in good yields from α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes and amino–alkynes. This reaction proceeds with excellent regioselectivity and good functional group compatibility under mild reaction conditions by using O2 as the oxidant.
Blue and Green Phosphorescent Liquid‐Crystalline Iridium Complexes with High Hole Mobility
Authors: Wang Yafei , Cabry Christopher P. , Xiao ManJun , Male Louise , Cowling Stephen J. , Bruce Duncan W. , Shi Junwei , Zhu Weiguo , Baranoff Etienne 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBlue‐ and green‐emitting cyclometalated liquid‐crystalline iridium complexes are realized by using a modular strategy based on strongly mesogenic groups attached to an acetylacetonate ancillary ligand. The cyclometalated ligand dictates the photophysical properties of the materials, which are identical to those of the parent complexes. High hole mobilities, up to 0.004 cm2 V−1 s−1, were achieved after thermal annealing, while amorphous materials show hole mobilities of only approximately 10−7–10−6 cm2 V−1 s−1, similar to simple iridium complexes. The design strategy allows the facile preparation of phosphorescent liquid‐crystalline complexes with fine‐tuned photophysical properties.
Prozesswärmeerzeugung im heißen Bypass von RTO‐Anlagen versus separater Wärmeerzeugung
Authors: Carlowitz Otto , Meyer Sven , Schricker Bernd , Förster Martin 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAnlagen zur regenerativen thermischen Oxidation (RTO) dienen u. a. zur Detoxifizierung von lösemittelhaltigen Abgasen. Die mithilfe von Wärmespeicherbetten erzielten Abgasvorwärmtemperaturen ermöglichen einen überautothermen Betrieb schon ab relativ geringen Lösemittelbeladungen, so dass eine Prozesswärmeauskopplung ohne zusätzlichen Brennstoff realisiert werden kann. Reicht der gewonnene Prozesswärmestrom nicht aus, wird die Spitzenlast in der Regel durch einen direkt befeuerten Kessel erzeugt. Es wird nachgewiesen, dass es energetisch günstiger sein kann, die Prozesswärme ausschließlich – auch unter Einsatz von Zusatzbrennstoff – durch die RTO zu erzeugen.
Efficient Conversion of Lignin to Electricity Using a Novel Direct Biomass Fuel Cell Mediated by Polyoxometalates at Low Temperatures
Authors: Zhao Xuebing , Zhu J. Y. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA novel polyoxometalates (POMs) mediated direct biomass fuel cell (DBFC) was used in this study to directly convert lignin to electricity at low temperatures with high power output and Faradaic efficiency. When phosphomolybdic acid H3PMo12O40 (PMo12) was used as the electron and proton carrier in the anode solution with a carbon electrode, and O2 was directly used as the final electron acceptor under the catalysis of Pt, the peak power density reached 0.96 mW cm−2, 560 times higher than that of phenol‐fueled microbial fuel cells (MFCs). When the cathode reaction was catalyzed by PMo12, the power density could be greatly enhanced to 5 mW cm−2. Continuous operation demonstrated that this novel fuel cell was promising as a stable electrochemical power source. Structure analysis of the lignin indicated that the hydroxyl group content was reduced whereas the carbonyl group content increased. Both condensation and depolymerization takes place during the PMo12 oxidation of lignin.
Plasma Treatment of Food
Authors: Ehlbeck J. , Schnabel U. , Andrasch M. , Stachowiak J. , Stolz N. , Fröhling A. , Schlüter O. , Weltmann K.‐D. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractPlasma treatments are known for their antimicrobial effectiveness for more than 100 years. The invention of ozone tube by Werner von Siemens in 1857 leads to technical applications in the fields of communal tap water purification in small villages in Germany and in 1916 in St. Petersburg. Nikola Tesla was filed a patent for a corona discharge ozone generator used with ambient air in the USA in 1896. He founded the Tesla Ozone Co. in 1900 and started the production of these devices for therapeutic applications.Despite of this early success there are in comparison only few attempts to use the plasma technology for food treatment in the past. In the last decades there is an increasing interest in facing the problems caused by natural products with their high variety in size and shape. Beside these very obvious parameters hidden parameters like fluctuating water content increases the difficulties to achieve stable and reliable plasma processes.Therefore, in the beginning of this progress the treatment of seeds with low water content, a rigid hull and small size giving the possibility to treat large ensembles are in the focus of the researchers. The first aim of these treatments was to improving and modifying germination [1, 2]. This was followed by more complex products as fresh products for consumption as e.g. meat [3] or fruits and fresh cut salads as describe in this work. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On the Impact of Electron Temperature in Magnetron Sputtering Benchmarked with Energy Flux Measurements
Authors: Haase F. , Lundin D. , Bornholdt S. , Kersten H. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn this work we have investigated the effect of increasing the electron energy as a way to increase the ionization probability of the sputtered metal (Ti) by measuring the impact of three different process gases (Ne, Ar, and Kr). Using a combined Langmuir and calorimetric probe we were able to compare the electron density ne, the electron temperature Te, the total energy influx, as well as the different energy flux contributions from charge carriers, neutrals and surface processes for various discharge conditions. The results show that the electron temperature can be increased by up to a factor of 3 by using Ne instead of Ar (or Kr). Furthermore, it was also found that by using Ne the mean free path for electron impact ionization was decreased by at least 50 %, and for higher pressures even more. In addition, we show that the contributions from sputtered neutrals and film formation represent a large fraction of the total energy influx, whereas the energy flux from ions is very low due to low ne in this type of discharge. However, by investigating changes in the electron energy flux, it was possible to study the effects of using Ne. These results may provide a way to tune the degree of ionization in sputtering processes. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Stable adaptive channel estimation method under impulsive noise environments
Authors: Gui Guan , Zhang Tingping , Dan Jingpei , Xu Li 
Published: December 2015

SummaryChannel estimation is one of the key technologies for ensuring reliable wireless communications under impulsive noise environments. This paper studies robust adaptive channel estimation methods for mitigating harmful impulsive noises, which are described as alpha‐stable (α‐stable) distribution models. Traditional adaptive channel estimation using the second‐order statistics based least mean square (SOS‐LMS) algorithm does not perform well under α‐stable noise environments, even though it was considered one of attractive approaches for estimating channels in the case of Gaussian noises. Unlike the traditional SOS‐LMS algorithm, in this research, we propose a stable sign‐function‐based LMS algorithm, which can mitigate the impulsive noises. Specifically, we first construct the cost function with minimum ℓ1‐norm error criterion and then derive the updating equation of the proposed algorithm. Compared with the traditional SOS‐LMS, the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is validated via Monte Carlo simulations in various α‐stable noise scenarios. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sex differences in subjective and objective responses to a stimulant medication (methylphenidate): Comparisons between overweight/obese adults with and without binge‐eating disorder
Authors: Davis Caroline , Levitan Robert D. , Kaplan Allan S. , Carter‐Major Jacqueline C. , Kennedy James L. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to examine sex differences in response to a single dose of a psychomotor‐stimulant medication (methylphenidate: MP) and to assess whether expected differences were moderated by binge‐eating disorder (BED) status. It is anticipated that findings will shed light on factors that contribute to response variation in the use of stimulant pharmacotherapy to treat BED.MethodThe study employed a double‐blind, drug‐placebo, cross‐over design in overweight/obese adults with BED (n = 90) and without BED (n = 108). Emotional/mood ratings were assessed every 15 minutes after oral administration of the drug/placebo, and appetite, cravings, and consumption were assessed during a laboratory‐based snack‐food challenge.ResultsWomen reported earlier and more sustained “overall” effects of the drug—including “feeling high”—than the men. There was also a significantly greater suppression in appetite ratings, food cravings, and food consumption from the placebo to the drug condition among the women. Indeed, among men there were no significant differences between the two conditions on any of the food‐related variables. BED status also did not moderate any of the drug‐placebo differences.DiscussionThese findings are relevant to the use of stimulant pharmacotherapy for BED, and raise the possibility that overweight/obese men may be relatively less responsive to this form of treatment. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:473–481).
Activated Carbon Prepared from Lignite as Supercapacitor Electrode Materials
Authors: Li Lijun , Wang Xiaoyan , Wang Shujuan , Cao Zhenzhu , Wu Zhaojun , Wang Hong , Gao Yanfang , Liu Jinrong 
Published: December 2015

AbstractActivated carbon derived from lignite is investigated as the active electrode material in supercapacitors. ZnCl2 was used as excitation agent during preparation process. XRD, BET, SEM and electrochemical performance testing carried out to characterize the structure and properties of activated carbon. Electrochemical investigations indicate that the activated carbon (AC‐650°) shows the maximum specific capacitance of 207.5 F g−1 in 6 M KOH electrolytes at 0.5 A g−1. The activated carbon presents good cycle stability during 3,000 cycles at a fair current density of 5 A g−1 and capacity rate can reach 91 %, because of its specific surface area of 1024 m2 g−1.
Denudation intensity and control in the Chinese Tian Shan: new constraints from mass balance on catchment‐alluvial fan systems
Authors: Guerit Laure , Barrier Laurie , Jolivet Marc , Fu Bihong , Métivier François 
Published: December 2015

AbstractTectonics and climate are usually seen as the main controlling factors of denudation rates, which seem to rise with the tectonic activity and to decrease when the climate becomes drier. However, the low denudation rates observed in semi‐arid to arid contexts are generally measured on orogenic plateaus where the respective influence of the flat relief and the dry climate cannot really be unravelled. The Chinese Tian Shan was chosen as a case study. In the northern piedmont of this mountain range, a series of well‐preserved Quaternary alluvial fans offer the opportunity to perform a mass balance study at the scale of several catchment areas and several hundreds of thousands of years. Based on a geometrical reconstruction of these fans, the volumes of sediments exported out of 10 drainage basins during the Middle–Late Pleistocene (from ∼300 to ∼12 kyr) and the Holocene (from ∼12 kyr to present) have been estimated. From these volumes, an average denudation rate of ∼135 m/Myr was determined in the Tian Shan Range for the last 300 kyr. In agreement with other mass balances performed in the same area, the typical denudation intensity of the northern Tian Shan is thus of a few hundred meters per million years at most, regardless of the space and time scales considered. From a comparison with denudation rates in other mountain ranges throughout the world, we suggest that a dry climate can dramatically limit the denudation intensity even in active orogenic systems with a high topographic gradient like the Tian Shan. As a result, the time required to reach equilibrium between denudation and rock uplift in these systems could be extremely long (i.e. of more than several million years). Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Prospects for Biogas Integration with Fuel Cells in the United Kingdom
Authors: Torija S. , Castillo‐Castillo A. , Brandon N. P. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAnaerobic digestion (AD) presence is emerging in the UK because it has numerous environmental benefits as a waste management strategy and produces valuable biogas. This work shows that up to 5.5% of UK primary energy could be met by biogas, representing 14.4% of gas consumption. Fuel cells (FCs) are the most efficient and environmentally benign energy convertor of any device of equivalent scale and in addition are well suited for biogas utilization, which has worldwide led to the emergence of numerous integrated commercial applications. Thus, biogas coupling with fuel cells is proposed as a unique and virtuous AD scheme. A techno‐economic model has been developed for the two types of AD plants with the highest development prospects in the UK, namely livestock and food waste plants, whose performance and feasibility at different scales are scrutinized under several policy scenarios, some of which incorporate supportive mechanisms for the introduction of FCs. Results confirm that conventional AD projects can already be profitable in the current market environment, while projects involving FCs proved environmentally superior, virtually suppressing harmful pollutant emissions and decreasing the CO2emissions from using grid electricity and natural gas, at a reasonable avoided carbon cost in the best suited cases.