bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on retrogradation of maize starch–flaxseed gum mixture under various storage temperatures
Authors: Feng Meiqin , Yang Xue , Sun Jian , Xu Xinglian , Zhou Guanghong 
Published: December 2017

SummaryThis study aimed to investigate the effect of flaxseed gum (FG) on the retrogradation of maize starch (MS) gels under different storage temperatures. In this work, MS‐FG gels with 0–0.4% FG were stored under different temperatures (–20, 4 and 20 °C). Under all storage temperatures, the addition of FG inhibited the retrogradation process of MS, suppressed the recrystallisation of starch molecules, reduced the water loss of starch gels and improved the texture of the gels. Among the three storage temperatures, −20 °C could almost stop the starch retrogradation but leading it results in the hardest gel texture. The retrogradation of MS‐FG gels stored under 4 °C was most serious with the fastest rate of recrystallisation. When stored at 20 °C, the gels had a retrogradation degree that was lower than when they were stored at 4 °C and also had the softest texture.
A soluble inorganic pyrophosphatase from the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus capable of hydrolysing polyphosphates
Authors: Cruz C. S. , Costa E. P. , Machado J. A. , Silva J. N. , Romeiro N. C. , Moraes J. , Silva J. R. , Fonseca R. N. , Vaz I. S. , Logullo C. , Campos E. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPolyphosphates have been found in all cell types examined to date and play diverse roles depending on the cell type. In eukaryotic organisms, polyphosphates have been investigated mainly in mammalian cells, and only a few studies have addressed arthropods. Pyrophosphatases have been shown to regulate polyphosphate metabolism. However, these studies were restricted to trypanosomatids. Here we focus on the tick Rhipicephalus microplus, a haematophagous ectoparasite that is highly harmful to cattle. We produced a recombinant R. microplus pyrophosphatase (rRmPPase) with the aim of investigating its kinetic parameters using polyphosphates as substrate. Molecular docking assays of RmPPase with polyphosphates were also carried out. The kinetic and Hill coefficient parameters indicated that rRmPPase has a greater affinity, higher catalytic efficiency and increased cooperativity for sodium phosphate glass type 15 (polyP15) than for sodium tripolyphosphate (polyP3). Through molecular docking, we found that polyP3 binds close to the Mg2+ atoms in the catalytic region of the protein, participating in their coordination network, whereas polyP15 interactions involve negatively charged phosphate groups and basic amino acid residues, such as Lys56, Arg58 and Lys193; polyP15 has a more favourable theoretical binding affinity than polyP3, thus supporting the kinetic data. This study shows, for the first time in arthropods, a pyrophosphatase with polyphosphatase activity, suggesting its participation in polyphosphate metabolism.
Dialectical beliefs and savings tendency: Opposite patterns in good versus bad current status
Authors: Li Liman Man Wai 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPeople often experience a dilemma: whether we should invest now for a better future or save now for an unexpected future. The current research investigated the influence of dialecticism, a constellation of lay beliefs stating that the world is full of constant changes, coexisting contradictions, and interdependent relationships, on people's savings tendencies when they are with good versus bad status. Study 1 verified that dialectical beliefs were negatively associated with optimistic expectations among people with good status (i.e., high socioeconomic status) but positively associated with optimistic expectations among people with bad status (i.e., low socioeconomic status). Next, Studies 2 and 3 examined the interaction effect between dialectical beliefs and people's current status in predicting their savings tendencies in the investment scenarios with the focus on savings decision‐making and emotional experiences related to savings scenarios, respectively. Finally, to test generalizability, Study 4 examined people's savings tendencies in the situation that they needed to prevent failure instead of doing investments. The results converged to support the hypothesis that stronger dialectical beliefs predicted greater savings tendencies among people with good current status but weaker savings tendencies among people with bad current status. These findings demonstrated that the effect of dialectical beliefs on savings tendencies varies as a function of the characteristics of the situations, which advances the theoretical understanding of dialecticism in decision‐making research.
THE EFFECTS OF BIG BATHS ON BANK OPACITY
Authors: Haggard K. Stephen , Howe John S. , Lynch Andrew A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractInformation asymmetry in the banking sector is important to regulators, analysts, and investors. We examine the change in the information environments of banks following large nonrecurring write‐downs (baths) and find a reduction in information asymmetry in the three years following a bath. This result is conditional on the type of asset being written down. Loan‐related baths result in a permanent decrease in information asymmetry, but merger‐related baths are associated with a transitory increase in information asymmetry. Conversely, baths not related to either loans or mergers result in increased opacity. Consistent with a permanent decrease in information asymmetry, we find an increase in earnings responsiveness in the three years following loan‐related baths.
BANK FAILURES UNDER MANAGERIAL AND REGULATORY INEFFICIENCY: THREE DECADES OF EVIDENCE FROM TURKEY
Authors: Isik Ihsan , Folkinshteyn Daniel 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDrawing on a comprehensive data set from Turkey (1970–2003) and using both nonparametric (data envelopment analysis) and parametric (stochastic frontier analysis) frontier methods, we estimate 16 alternative efficiency measures to study their associations with the probability of bank failures in an emerging market setting. We find that failed banks severely underperform survived banks in all forms of efficiency and that their subpar performance deteriorates closer to failure, prosperous times and bloated scales tend to precede eventual banking fatalities, managerially induced (technical) inefficiencies dominate politically induced (allocative) inefficiencies in failed banks, and banks with new ownership and affiliation with other businesses are more likely to fail. The results also caution that liquidity, capital, and currency risks combined with poor management are a lethal mix ahead of crises.
Child healthcare nurses’ experiences of asking new mothers about intimate partner violence
Authors: Anderzen‐Carlsson Agneta , Gillå Cristina , Lind Maria , Almqvist Kjerstin , Lindgren Fändriks Anna , Källström Åsa 
Published: December 2017

Aims and objectivesTo investigate child healthcare nurses’ experiences of asking mothers of 8‐month‐old children about intimate partner violence using a two‐step questionnaire.BackgroundExposure to intimate partner violence is detrimental to women and to their children, and its early detection is vital. Child health care is a promising setting for detecting intimate partner violence.DesignThe overall project had a quasi‐experimental design and was employed in 2015 at 12 child healthcare centres in Sweden. The project aimed to test a two‐step method for talking about intimate partner violence with mothers (n = 198) at the child healthcare centre. In this article, we disclose the experiences of the intervention from the perspective of the nurses (n = 13) who were educated and involved in the intervention.MethodsData were collected by semi‐structured interviews, analysed by thematic analysis.ResultsFive categories emerged: using the two‐step questionnaire method, asking about IPV as an important issue, being comfortable in the professional role and with asking about IPV, the importance of time and place in asking about IPV and spillover effects.ConclusionsAsking mothers visiting the child health clinic about their experiences of intimate partner violence was seen as an important task. Using a questionnaire could facilitate asking, but the questionnaire must be short and easy to use. Furthermore, the time and place for initiating a talk about this sensitive topic must be carefully chosen.Relevance to clinical practiceThe Violence in Families questionnaire was regarded as a useful tool and could thus be implemented in practice. However, it is important to offer education to the nurses prior to implementing a routine of asking about intimate partner violence in the child healthcare setting.
Absence of BRAFV600E mutation in odontogenic keratocysts
Authors: França Josiane Alves , de Sousa Sílvia Ferreira , Diniz Marina Gonçalves , Pereira Thaís dos Santos Fontes , de Resende Taynara Asevedo Campos , Santos Jean Nunes dos , Gomez Ricardo Santiago , Gomes Carolina Cavalieri 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundMutations in the patched 1 (PTCH1) gene are the main genetic alteration reported in sporadic and nevoid basal cell carcinoma‐associated odontogenic keratocyst (OKC). Oncogenic mutations, including BRAFV600E, previously considered exclusive of malignant neoplasms have been reported in odontogenic tumors. Recently, a high frequency of BRAFV600E mutation has been reported in OKC. Because of the considerable recurrence rate of OKC, the identification of druggable genetic mutations can be relevant in the management of extensive lesions.MethodsA set of 28 OKCs was included in this work. Initially, 10 sporadic and eight OKC samples from four NBCCS patients (a pair of lesions from each syndromic patient) were submitted to targeted next‐generation sequencing (NGS) of 2800 different mutations in 50 oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, including BRAF. Ten extra sporadic OKC samples were included to assess BRAFV600E mutation using TaqMan allele‐specific qPCR.ResultsThe following missense mutations occurred in one case each: ATM p.Ser333Phe, SMO p.Gly416Glu, PIK3CA p.Ser326Phe, FBXW7 p.Ser438Phe, JAK2 p.Ser605Phe, PTEN p.Arg173His, ATM p.Cys353Arg, PTEN p.Ser294Arg, MET p.His1112Tyr. None of the 18 samples showed the BRAFV600E (or any other V600) mutation in the NGS. BRAFV600E mutation was detected by qPCR in one of the 10 OKC. Collectively, our results show BRAFV600E mutation in 1 of 28 OKC cases.ConclusionOn the basis of our results, OKCs do not present recurrent hotspot mutations in these 50 genes commonly mutated in cancer. In addition, BRAFV600E does not play a central role in OKC pathogenesis.
Boreal bog plant communities along a water table gradient differ in their standing biomass but not their biomass production
Authors: Korrensalo Aino , Kettunen Laura , Laiho Raija , Alekseychik Pavel , Vesala Timo , Mammarella Ivan , Tuittila Eeva‐Stiina 
Published: December 2017

AbstractQuestionPeatlands are globally important for carbon storage due to the imbalance between plant biomass production and decomposition. Distribution of both live standing biomass (BM, dry mass g/m2) and biomass production (BMP, dry mass g m−2 growing season−1) are known to be dependent on the water table (WT). However, the relations of BM and BMP to WT variation are poorly known. Here we investigated, how the above‐ and below‐ground BM and BMP of three different plant functional types (PFTs), dwarf shrubs, sedges and Sphagnum mosses, relate to natural WT variation within an ombrotrophic boreal bog. In addition, we estimated ecosystem‐level BMP and compared that with ecosystem net primary production (NPP) derived from eddy covariance (EC) measurements.LocationSiikaneva bog, Ruovesi, Finland.MethodsWe quantified above‐ and below‐ground BM and BMP of PFTs along the WT gradient, divided into six plant community types. Plant community scale BM and BMP were up‐scaled to the ecosystem level. NPP was derived from EC measurements using a literature‐based ratio of heterotrophic respiration to total ecosystem respiration.ResultsBM varied from 211 to 979 g/m2 among the plant community types, decreasing gradually from dry to wet community types. In contrast, BMP was similar between plant community types (162–216 g/m2), except on nearly vegetation‐free bare peat surfaces where it was low (38 g/m2). Vascular plant BM turnover rate (BMP:BM, per year) varied from 0.14 to 0.30 among the plant community types, being highest in sedge‐dominated hollows. On average 56% of the vascular BM was produced below ground. Mosses, when present, produced on average 31% of the total BM, ranging from 16% to 53% depending on community type. EC‐derived NPP was higher than measured BMP due to underestimation of certain components.ConclusionsWe found that the diversity of PFTs decreases the spatial variability in productivity of a boreal bog ecosystem. The observed even distribution of BMP resulted from different WT optima and BMP:BM of dwarf shrubs, sedges and Sphagnum species. These differences in biomass turnover rate and species responses to environmental conditions may provide a resilience mechanism for bog ecosystems in changing conditions.
sRNA41 affects ribosome binding sites within polycistronic mRNAs in Methanosarcina mazei Gö1
Authors: Buddeweg Anne , Sharma Kundan , Urlaub Henning , Schmitz Ruth A. 
Published: December 2017

SummarySeveral noncoding RNAs potentially involved in nitrogen (N)‐regulation have been detected in Methanosarcina mazei, however, targets have been identified only for one of them. Here, we report on the function of sRNA41, highly expressed under N‐sufficiency. Comprising 120 nucleotides, sRNA41 shows high sequence and structural conservation within draft genomes of numerous Methanosarcina species. In silico target prediction revealed several potential targets, including genes of two homologous operons encoding for acetyl‐CoA‐decarbonylase/synthase complexes (ACDS) representing highly probable target candidates. A highly conserved single stranded region of sRNA41 was predicted to mask six independent ribosome binding sites of these two polycistronic mRNAs and was verified in vitro by microscale thermophoresis. Proteome analysis of the respective sRNA41‐deletion mutant showed increased protein expression of both ACDS complexes in the absence of sRNA41, whereas no effect on transcript levels was detected, arguing for sRNA41‐mediated post‐transcriptional fine‐tuning of ACDS expression. We hypothesize that the physiological advantage of downregulating sRNA41 under N‐limiting conditions is the resulting increase of ACDS protein levels. This provides sufficient amounts of amino acids for nitrogenase synthesis as well as reducing equivalents and energy for N2‐fixation, thus linking the carbon and N‐metabolism.
Effect of age on Narcotrend Index monitoring during sevoflurane anesthesia in children below 2 years of age
Authors: Dennhardt Nils , Arndt Stefanie , Beck Christiane , Boethig Dietmar , Heiderich Sebastian , Schultz Barbara , Weber Frank , Sümpelmann Robert 
Published: December 2017

SummaryBackgroundIn older children, different electroencephalogram‐based algorithms for measuring depth of anesthesia displayed a similar performance as in adults, but in infants they have not displayed the same reliability so far. According to the individual developmental state, the Narcotrend distinguishes “differentiated” electroencephalograms, which can be classified using the full Narcotrend Index scale, from “undifferentiated” electroencephalograms, which are classified using a scale with fewer stages.ObjectiveThe objective of this prospective clinical observational study was to assess the feasibility and performance of the Narcotrend monitor in children <2 years within a clinical setting.MethodsSixty‐one children aged 0‐24 months undergoing general anesthesia with sevoflurane and remifentanil for elective pediatric surgery were studied. We investigated the percentage of differentiated electroencephalograms and the correlation between multiples of minimal alveolar sevoflurane concentration and the Narcotrend Index according to age groups. Prediction probability was used to evaluate the performance of the Narcotrend Index for differentiation between consciousness and unconsciousness and between different sevoflurane concentrations.ResultsThe percentage of differentiated electroencephalograms increased with increasing age (0‐3 months: 23.8%, 4‐5 months: 87.5%, 6‐11 months: 92.3%, 12‐24 months: 100%). The overall prediction probability of Narcotrend Index was 1.0 (SE 0.05) for differentiation between awake and loss of consciousness and 1.0 (SE 0.01) for differentiation between anesthetized and return of consciousness. Spearman correlation analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between sevoflurane concentration and the Narcotrend Index (r = −0.78, P < .0001, 95%CI: −0.81 to −0.74). Overall prediction probability of Narcotrend Index to sevoflurane concentration was 0.8 (95%CI: 0.78‐0.82).ConclusionThe Narcotrend monitor indicated a Narcotrend Index in most infants and young children starting from 4 months with significant correlation to and acceptable prediction probability for minimal alveolar sevoflurane concentration.
Effects of Photobiomodulation on SOFAT, A T‐cell‐derived Cytokine, May Explain Accelerated Orthodontic Tooth Movement
Authors: Jettar Viviane , Napimoga Marcelo H. , Freitas Fabiana , Clemente‐Napimoga Juliana T. , Suzuki Selly S. , Montalli Victor A. , Garcez Aguinaldo S. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractOrthodontic tooth movement is based on mechanical forces inducing bone remodeling, and several methods have been proposed to increase tooth movement, including photobiomodulation. This study evaluated, in an animal model, the effects of photobiomodulation on SOFAT—a secreted osteoclastogenic factor of activated T cells and RANK‐L during tooth movement. The results showed that tooth displacement, RANK‐L and SOFAT levels were significantly greater compared to Control group. SOFAT may play an important role in bone remodeling during orthodontic movement, possibly increasing the osteoclast cells at the compression area and bone remodeling activity.
Computed tomographic contrast tenography of the digital flexor tendon sheath of the equine hindlimb
Authors: Agass Rachel , Dixon Jonathon , Fraser Barny 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPre‐surgical investigation of digital flexor tendon sheath pathology remains challenging with current standard imaging techniques. The aim of this prospective, anatomical, pilot study was to describe the anatomy of the equine hind limb digital flexor tendon sheath using a combination of computed tomography (CT) and computed tomographic contrast tenography in clinically normal cadaver limbs. Ten pairs of hind limbs with no external abnormalities were examined from the level of the tarsometatarsal joint distally. Limbs initially underwent non‐contrast CT examination using 120 kVp, 300 mAs, and 1.5 mm slice thickness. Sixty millilitres of ioversol iodinated contrast media and saline (final concentration 100 mg/ml) were injected using a basilar sesamoidean approach. The computed tomographic contrast tenography examination was then repeated, before dissection of the specimens to compare gross and imaging findings. The combined CT and computed tomographic contrast tenography examinations provided excellent anatomical detail of intra‐thecal structures. The borders of the superficial and deep digital flexor tendons, and the manica flexoria were consistently identifiable in all limbs. Detailed anatomy including that of the mesotenons, two of which are previously undescribed, and the plantar annular ligament were also consistently identifiable. Dissection of all 10 pairs of limbs revealed there to be no pathology, in accordance with the imaging findings. In conclusion, the combination of CT and computed tomographic contrast tenography may be useful adjunctive diagnostic techniques to define digital flexor tendon sheath pathology prior to surgical exploration in horses.
Inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis in renal (MDCK) cells by cAMP
Authors: Hassid A. 
Published: December 2017

Page C369: A. Hassid. “Inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis in renal (MDCK) cells by cAMP.” Page C369: in the abstract, the first sentence should read: Cultured renal tubular cells (MDCK) have many of the biological properties of cortical medullary tubular epithelial cells, including the ability to synthesize prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) as the major arachidonate metabolite. Page C373: Table 3 should read as follows: (See PDF)
Nitric oxide regulates migrating motor complex cycling and its postprandial disruption
Authors: Sarna S. K. , Otterson M. F. , Ryan R. P. , Cowles V. E. 
Published: December 2017

We investigated the role of nitric oxide (NO) in the regulation of migrating motor complex (MMC) cycling during the fasting state and its postprandial disruption. Intravenous infusion of Nohgr-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) first produced a premature MMC and then disrupted MMC cycling for the rest of the day. The cycle length of the MMCs was significantly shorter than the control on the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th day after l-NAME infusion. The gastric cyclic motor activity (CMA) did not usually exhibit a premature cycle on the day of l-NAME infusion but was disrupted by l-NAME infusion; the duration of CMA disruption in the stomach was significantly longer than that of MMC disruption in the small intestine. Infusion of Nohgr-nitro-l-arginine (l-NNA) exhibited similar effects. The intravenous infusion of l-NAME also significantly shortened the duration of MMC disruption by a meal. l-Arginine alone had no significant effect on gastrointestinal motor activity during the fasting or the fed state, but when infused with l-NAME, it blocked the effects of NO synthase inhibition. Angiotensin II increased the mean arterial pressure to a level similar to that produced by l-NAME but had no significant effect on the fasting or the fed pattern of gastrointestinal motor activity. We conclude that NO containing nonadrenergic noncholinergic (NANC) neurons play a significant role in regulating MMC and CMA cycling during the fasting state and their disruption by a meal. However, NO may not be the only NANC neurotransmitter to inhibit contractions in the gut; phase I activity in the small intestine persisted during NO synthase inhibition by l-NAME or l-NNA. nonadrenergic noncholinergic neurons; cyclic motor activity: Nohgr-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester; Nohgr-nitro-l-arginine; vasoactive intestinal peptide; cholecystokinin Submitted on November 30, 1992 Accepted on June 3, 1993
Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase: its effect on carbon dioxide elimination by the lungs
Authors: Mithoefer John C. 
Published: December 2017

The effect of carbonic anhydrase inhibition on carbon dioxide elimination by the lungs has been studied in dogs by the following four experimental approaches: 1) the alveolar pathway (PaOO2 and PaCOCO2) was measured during the hyperventilation which follows carbonic anhydrase inhibition and compared to the normal pathway at the same hyperventilation. 2) The alveolar gas tensions were measured following carbonic anhydrase inhibition when the ventilation was held constant. 3) The changes in PaCOCO2 were measured when the ventilation was suddenly, artificially changed to a new level in the presence of carbonic anhydrase inhibition and in normal animals. 4) The CO2 output was measured directly during the hyperventilation which results from carbonic anhydrase inhibition, during the same hyperventilation in the normal animal and following carbonic anhydrase inhibition when the ventilation is held constant. These experiments demonstrate an immediate fall in CO2 output relative to the ventilation when carbonic anhydrase is inhibited, resulting in CO2 retention until a new steady state has been reached. An hypothesis is presented to explain the effect of carbonic anhydrase inhibition on CO2 transport. Submitted on March 28, 1958