bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How air pollution alters brain development: the role of neuroinflammation
Authors: Brockmeyer Sam , D’Angiulli Amedeo 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe present review synthesizes lines of emerging evidence showing how several samples of children populations living in large cities around the world suffer to some degree neural, behavioral and cognitive changes associated with air pollution exposure. The breakdown of natural barriers warding against the entry of toxic particles, including the nasal, gut and lung epithelial barriers, as well as widespread breakdown of the blood-brain barrier facilitatethe passage of airborne pollutants into the body of young urban residents. Extensive neuroinflammation contributes to cell loss within the central nervous system, and likely is a crucial mechanism by which cognitive deficits may arise. Although subtle, neurocognitive effects of air pollution are substantial, apparent across all populations, and potentially clinically relevant as early evidence of evolving neurodegenerative changes. The diffuse nature of the neuroinflammation risk suggests an integrated neuroscientific approach incorporating current clinical, cognitive, neurophysiological, radiological and epidemiologic research. Neuropediatric air pollution research requires extensive multidisciplinary collaborations to accomplish the goal of protecting exposed children through multidimensional interventions having both broad impact and reach. While intervening by improving environmental quality at a global scale is imperative, we also need to devise efficient strategies on how the neurocognitive effects on local pediatric populations should be monitored.
Three New Unusual Beetle-Associated Species of the Genus Gaeolaelaps (Acari, Mesostigmata, Laelapidae) from Ukraine
Authors: Trach V. A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThree new species of mesostigmatic mites from Ukraine are described:Gaeolaelaps heteroceriTrach, sp. n. associated withHeterocerussp. (Coleoptera, Heteroceridae) from Odessa, Mykolaiv and Kherson Regions;G. khaustoviTrach, sp. n., associated withBembidionsp. (Coleoptera, Carabidae) from Crimea;G.sevastianoviTrach, sp. n. associated withHeterocerussp. (Coleoptera, Heteroceridae) from Lugansk Region. These three species are characterised by a number of unique characters: very short peritremes and peritrematal shields, elongated dorsal shield, abnormal for Laelapidae leg chaetotaxy. A key to the species ofGaeolaelapswith extra short peritremes is presented.
Individual Growth Rates of Nikolsky’s Viper, Vipera berus nikolskii (Squamata, Viperidae)
Authors: Bondarenko Z. S. , Zinenko O. I. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Capture-mark-recapture data was used to infer growth rates of the Nikolsky’s viper, Vipera berus nikolskii (Vedmederja, Grubant et Rudaeva, 1986), in the Eastern Ukraine. We have found that growth rate is negatively correlated with age. The difference in growth rates before maturation is not significant between different sexes. Growth rates decrease rapidly after maturation in males and females, however adult males retain significantly higher average growth rates. There is large dispersion of growth rates in the group of adult females, which is caused, probably, by alteration of complete arrest of growth in the years with reproduction and more intensive growth in the years without it. Asymptotic snout-ventral length estimated after Von Bertalanffy model was 680 mm in females and 630 mm in males. Females mature after fifth and males mature after fourth hibernation. The larger females in vipers can not be the result of higher growth rates in females, but are the outcome of a combination of other factors including different maturation time and size (older and being larger), and, perhaps, longer life span due to lower mortality. Growth rates of the Nikolsky’s viper in the nature are higher than in other species in the group of small Eurasian vipers.
Epistasis and the Structure of Fitness Landscapes: Are Experimental Fitness Landscapes Compatible with Fisher’s Geometric Model?
Authors: Blanquart François , Bataillon Thomas 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The fitness landscape defines the relationship between genotypes and fitness in a given environment and underlies fundamental quantities such as the distribution of selection coefficient and the magnitude and type of epistasis. A better understanding of variation in landscape structure across species and environments is thus necessary to understand and predict how populations will adapt. An increasing number of experiments investigate the properties of fitness landscapes by identifying mutations, constructing genotypes with combinations of these mutations, and measuring the fitness of these genotypes. Yet these empirical landscapes represent a very small sample of the vast space of all possible genotypes, and this sample is often biased by the protocol used to identify mutations. Here we develop a rigorous statistical framework based on Approximate Bayesian Computation to address these concerns and use this flexible framework to fit a broad class of phenotypic fitness models (including Fisher’s model) to 26 empirical landscapes representing nine diverse biological systems. Despite uncertainty owing to the small size of most published empirical landscapes, the inferred landscapes have similar structure in similar biological systems. Surprisingly, goodness-of-fit tests reveal that this class of phenotypic models, which has been successful so far in interpreting experimental data, is a plausible in only three of nine biological systems. More precisely, although Fisher’s model was able to explain several statistical properties of the landscapes—including the mean and SD of selection and epistasis coefficients—it was often unable to explain the full structure of fitness landscapes.
Likelihood-Free Inference in High-Dimensional Models
Authors: Kousathanas Athanasios , Leuenberger Christoph , Helfer Jonas , Quinodoz Mathieu , Foll Matthieu , Wegmann Daniel 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMethods that bypass analytical evaluations of the likelihood function have become an indispensable tool for statistical inference in many fields of science. These so-called likelihood-free methods rely on accepting and rejecting simulations based on summary statistics, which limits them to low-dimensional models for which the value of the likelihood is large enough to result in manageable acceptance rates. To get around these issues, we introduce a novel, likelihood-free Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method combining two key innovations: updating only one parameter per iteration and accepting or rejecting this update based on subsets of statistics approximately sufficient for this parameter. This increases acceptance rates dramatically, rendering this approach suitable even for models of very high dimensionality. We further derive that for linear models, a one-dimensional combination of statistics per parameter is sufficient and can be found empirically with simulations. Finally, we demonstrate that our method readily scales to models of very high dimensionality, using toy models as well as by jointly inferring the effective population size, the distribution of fitness effects (DFE) of segregating mutations, and selection coefficients for each locus from data of a recent experiment on the evolution of drug resistance in influenza.
Urgensi Pemilu Presiden dan Wakil Presiden Secara Langsung di Era Reformasi
Authors: Tamrin Abu 
Published: April 2016

Abstract: the Importance of Direct Presidential and Vice Presidential Election in Reformation Era. Direct president and vice president election has begun in 2004 based on Act Number 23 Year 2003and renewed by Act Number 42 Year 2008. The importance of this provision is that elected president and vice president reflect the choice of majority of people. Beside of preventing problems in Parliament, this provision is also aimed to keep the sustainability of President both as head of government and head of State So, it would not be easy for him to be removed or impeached. DOI: 10.15408/jch.v1i2.2990
Mekanisme Penggantian Antar Waktu (Paw) Anggota Dpr dan Implikasinya Dalam Konsep Perwakilan Rakyat
Authors: Farida Rida 
Published: April 2016

Mechanism alteration of a ruling Member of Parliament (MP) and Its Implication to People Representation Concept. Alteration of a ruling Member of Parliament functioned as mechanism of control to political party that has representative in Parliament. This regulation is obviously regulated in accordance with Act No 27 Year 2009 relating to People Representative Assembly, House of Representative and House of Regional Representative and Local House of Representative. Nowadays, alteration of ruling MP becomes an effective mean to get rid of the MP whose ideas and visions are different with the political party where they belong. On the other hand, the existence of Member of Parliament is because of the election. DOI: 10.15408/jch.v1i2.2991
SiO2@TiO2/Acrylic Transparent UV Protective Layer for Cool Color Roofing Application
Authors: Chen Changfeng , Wang Yuliang , Pan Guiquan , Wang Qingwu (King) 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTTransparent UV protective coatings were developed by incorporating nano-TiO2 into waterborne acrylic systems to provide long-term UV protection for UV sensitive cool color roofing. Water based high crystalline TiO2 nanoparticle suspension was prepared via a gel-sol method at a basic pH. The TiO2 nanoparticles have an average size of 20 nm and are stable against agglomeration. As prepared TiO2 nanosuspension is ready to be well dispersed in commercial waterborne acrylic resin system without extra surface modification. The fabricated TiO2/acrylic nanocomposite coating achieved an UV cut-off below 350 nm with a visible transmission greater than 85% at 700 nm. It is also demonstrated that surface modification of Nano-TiO2 with a SiO2 insulation layer would suppress the catalytic activity of Nano-TiO2 and improve the UV protection for UV and photocatalysis sensitive dyes.
Effect of the Size of Bi2Te3 nanoplates on the Performance of TiO2-based Novel Hybrid DSSC Combined PV and TE Effect
Authors: Hu Li , Fang Liang , Wu Fang , Wang JinMei 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTIn order to make use of the waste heat caused by the unabsorbed light based on photovoltaic(PV) effect, a novel hybrid dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) with the synergies of PV and thermoelectric(TE) effect has been proposed in present work. The main idea is to prepare a composite hybrid DSSC photoanode which can simultaneously achieve PV and TE conversion by incorporating the excellent TE Bi-Te alloys into TiO2 nanomaterial. In this paper, Bi2Te3 nanoplates with different size were doped in the TiO2 nanoparticle photoanode and the effect of the Bi2Te3 size on the properties of DSSCs was analyzed. It is found that with the decrease of the size of the Bi2Te3 nanoplates, the TE performance became better and the dye absorption and the conversion efficiency of DSSCs were improved. Preliminary results show that the efficiency of DSSC with Bi2Te3 increased atleast 15.3% compared to the undoped. By further optimizing the parameters, the performance of DSSC is estimated to have a much more enhancement. Therefore, the way of combination PV and TE provides an alternative way to improve the performance of DSSC.
Unconventional Nanoparticle Technology of Superconductor Ceramic Articles
Authors: Rokhvarger Anatoly E. , Chigirinsky Lubov A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractApplied wet colloidal nano-processing and thermal, physical, and chemical treatments of superconductor ceramic particles result in sintered 3D-textured crystal conglomerates to produce functionally effective macro-products, such as advanced electrical and electronic articles including superconductive adhesion coated continuous and flexible round wire. AFM images show texture evolution and confirm effectiveness of the developed combination of original ceramic-silicone material formulation and invented crystal organization methods.
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: A Systematic Review and Two-Step Meta-Analysis
Authors: Yin Ming , Joshi Monika , Meijer Richard P. , Glantz Michael , Holder Sheldon , Harvey Harold A. , Kaag Matthew , Fransen van de Putte Elisabeth E. , Horenblas Simon , Drabick Joseph J. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

Background.
Platinum-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy has been shown to improve survival outcomes in muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to provide updated results of previous findings. We also summarized published data to compare clinical outcomes of methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (MVAC) versus gemcitabine and cisplatin/carboplatin (GC) in the neoadjuvant setting.

Methods.
A meta-analysis of 15 randomized clinical trials was performed to compare neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus local treatment with the same local treatment alone. Because no randomized trials have investigated MVAC versus GC in the neoadjuvant setting, a meta-analysis of 13 retrospective studies was performed to compare MVAC with GC.

Results.
A total of 3,285 patients were included in 15 randomized clinical trials. There was a significant overall survival (OS) benefit associated with cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (hazard ratio [HR], 0.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.79–0.96). A total of 1,766 patients were included in 13 retrospective studies. There was no significant difference in pathological complete response between MVAC and GC. However, GC was associated with a significantly reduced overall survival (HR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.01–1.57). After excluding carboplatin data, GC still seemed to be inferior to MVAC in OS (HR, 1.31; 95% CI, 0.99–1.74), but the difference was no longer statistically significant.

Conclusion.
These results support the use of cisplatin-based combination neoadjuvant chemotherapy in muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Although GC and MVAC had similar treatment response rates, the different survival outcome observed in this study requires further investigation.
IMPLEMENTASI LESSON STUDY SEBAGAI UPAYA PENINGKATAN KOMPETENSI PEDAGOGIK GURU BAHASA INDONESIA DI SMP KABUPATEN CIREBON
Authors: Rozak Abdul , Fauziah Eva 
Published: April 2016

Abstrak Lesson study merupakan alternatif yang dapat dilakukan oleh guru bersama teman sejawatnya dalam rangka membudayakan belajar sepanjang hayat untuk terus meningkatkan kompetensi pedagogiknya secara mandiri yang berdampak langsung bagi perbaikan dan peningkatan mutu pembelajaran di dalam kelas. Oleh karena itu, implementasi lesson study sebagai model pembinaan dan peningkatan kompetensi pedagogik guru bahasa Indonesia memerlukan dukungan dari pihak-pihak terkait terutama kepala sekolah dan dinas pendidikan. Tanpa dukungan itu, maka lesson study hanyalah “mimpi” bagi guru-guru yang memiliki motivasi untuk meningkatkan kemampuannya. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh lesson study pada kompetensi pedagogik guru bahasa Indonesia SMP kabupaten Cirebon. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini lesson study berdampak positif terhadap kompetensi pedagogik guru.Kata-kata kunci: lesson study, kompetensi pedagogik, peningkatan mutu pembelajaran Abstract Lesson Study is an alternative that teachers can take in implanting the culture of lifelong learning and improving their pedagogical competency independently. In addition, it has direct impact on the improvement and development of instructional quality in classrooms. Therefore, the implementation of Lesson Study as a model for improving the competency of Indonesian language teachers needs to gain support from all stakeholders, especially Principal and Office of Education in district level. Without the support, Lesson Study is just a “dream” for teachers who are highly motivated to improve their competencies. This research intended to find out the impact of Lesson Study on pedagogical competency of Indonesian language teachers in junior high schools in Cirebon Regency. This research found that Lesson Study gave positive impact on their pedagogical competenciesKeywords : lesson study, pedagogic competence, quality learning improvement
COMPOUNDING IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY TERMS: A MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY
Authors: Sari Rafica 
Published: April 2016

AbstrakDalam linguistik merupakan proses pembentukan kata yang sangat produktif dua kata atau lebih digabungkan menjadi sebuah kata baru. Proses ini sering dijumpai pada pembentukan kata atau istilah baru dalam bidang teknologi informasi. Compound word (kata majemuk) pada istilah-istilah bidang teknologi informasi adakalanya memiliki makna yang berbeda dari makna leksikal pembentuk kata majemuknya. Oleh karena itu, makalah ini ditulis untuk mendeskripsikan kata majemuk yang terdapat pada istilah teknologi informasi, mendeskripsikan cara penulisannya, dan mendeskripsikan makna leksikal pada kata majemuk tersebut. Berdasarkan analisis yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif, diketahui bahwa kata majemuk dalam teknologi informasi memiliki beberapa kombinasi elemen dengan cara penulisan menggunakan open form, hyphenated-form, dan closed/solid form. Makna kata majemukyang terbentuk dari proses compounding pada istilah teknologi informasi ternyata lebih banyak mempertahankan makna leksikal dari masing-masing kata pembentuknya daripada membentuk makna baru. Kata-kata kunci: compounding, istilah teknologi informasi, makna leksikal. AbstractIn linguistic it is a process of word formation that is very productive in which two or more words are combined into a new word. This process is often found in the formation of new words or terms in the field of information technology. Compound words for terms in the field of information technology sometimes have a different meaning from the lexical meaning of each word that makes up the compound words. Therefore, this paper is written to describe compound words contained in information technology terms, to describes how to write them, and to describe lexical meanings of the compound words. Based on the analysis using a descriptive method, it was found that compound words in information technology have some combinations of elements by way of writing using open form, hyphenated-form, and closed/solid form. Meanings of compound words that are formed through the compounding process in the information technology terms seem to maintain lexical meaning of each constituent word rather than forming new meanings. Keywords: compounding, information technology terms, lexical meaning
PENERAPAN TEKNIK KOREKSI TIDAK LANGSUNG UNTUK MEMINIMALKAN KESALAHAN BERBAHASA DALAM PENYUSUNAN KARYA ILMIAH
Authors: Utami Santi Pratiwi Tri 
Published: April 2016

Abstrak Sebagian besar mahasiswa masih mengeluhkan kesulitan mengorganisasikan isi dan menerapkan kaidah tulis ilmiah dalam tugas penyusunan karya ilmiah sehingga banyak kesalahan berbahasa yang timbul. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meminimalkan kesalahan berbahasa dengan teknik koreksi tidak langsung. Penelitian Tindakan Kelas ini dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya penurunan tingkat kesalahan berbahasa baik pada tindakan prasiklus, siklus I, dan siklus II. Secara keseluruhan penurunan rata-rata sebesar 25,06%. Jumlah rata-rata kesalahan berbahasa pada tahap prasiklus sebesar 24%, pada siklus II jumlah rata-rata kesalahan berbahasa menurun menjadi 13,75%. Selain hasil tersebut, terdapat persepsi dan kesan positif dari mahasiswa pada perkuliahan MKU bahasa Indonesia.Kata-kata kunci: teknik koreksi tidak langsung, kesalahan berbahasa,karya ilmiah AbstractMost students still complain about difficulties in organizing content and applying the rules of scientific writing in preparing scientific papers as they commit so many errors. This study aims to minimize language errors by indirect correction techniques. This Classroom Action Research was conducted in two cycles. The results show a decrease in the error rate on language use both in the actions of pre-cycle, the first cycle and the second cycle. In total, there was an average decrease of 25.06%. The number of average errors on language use in the stage of pre-cycle was 24%, the number of average errors on language use decreased to 13,75% in cycle II. In addition to those results, there was a positive perception and impression in the students towards the General Subject Course of Indonesian Language. Keywords: indirect correction techniques, errors in language use, scientific writing
PENGEMBANGAN PEMBELAJARAN KETERAMPILAN MENYIMAK MELALUI TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI
Authors: Arono Arono 
Published: April 2016

AbstrakPengembangan Pembelajaran Keterampilan menyimak melalui Teknologi Informasi. Keterampilan menyimak saat ini bagi sebagian guru lebih pada kemampuan menyimak bukan pada menyimak sebagai suatu proses dan mekanika sehingga diperlukan keterampilan dalam meramu teknolgi sebagai media pembelajaran yang apik. Padahal dukungan teknologi dapat digunakan untuk membantu siswa mengembangkan keterampilan menyimak mereka melalui radio, kaset audio, televisi, video, dan komputer atau media internet dengan berbagai laman yang ada. Setiap jenis teknologi memberikan peluang bagi siswa untuk mengeksplorasi strategi menyimak mereka dan beberapa kasus mengembangkan strategi baru. Dalam kelas bahasa, siswa memiliki akses ke beberapa bentuk teknologi, apakah itu radio transistor kecil atau multimedia interaktif. Hal ini memungkinkan akses yang lebih luas untuk lebih menekankan aspek model tertentu, seperti lintas-budaya, interaksional, menyimak kritis, dan dimensi kontekstual dalam menyimak untuk dikembangkan. Guru berperan membantu siswa mengembangkan keterampilan menyimak yang lebih baik dan mengeksploitasi teknologi lama atau teknologi baru dalam berbagai cara agar dapat memenuhi kebutuhan siswa dalam menyikapi suatu perubahan dan perkembangan teknologi pembelajaran menyimak.Kata kunci: Pembelajaran keterampilan menyimak; strategi menyimak; teknologi informasi; multimedia interaktif AbstractDeveloping Listening Skill‘s Learning Through Information Technology. Listening skill for some teachers is more in listening ability rather than listening as a process and mechanic so that it needs skill in designing technology as an interesting learning media. Whereas technology can be used to help the students in developing their listening skill through radio, cassete audio, television, video, and computer or internet media with providing many websites. Each kind of technology gives chance for the students to explore their listening strategy and some cases in developing new strategy. In language class, the students have access to some forms technology whether it is small transistor radio or multimedia interactive. It may give broader access to emphasize certain aspect model such as cross culture, interactional, critical, and contextual dimension in listening skill. Together with technology development, the role of the teacher in helping the students in developing listening skill is changed. Besides, language teacher in exploitation old technology and new technology can fullfill the students’ need in anticipation for changing and development of technology. Keywords: Listening skill, listening strategy, information technology, interactive multimedia