bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic primary resources, not just wild prey availability, underpin lion depredation of livestock in a savanna ecosystem
Authors: Mills Kirby L. , Bennitt Emily , Zhu Kai , Bartlam‐Brooks Hattie L. A. , Hubel Tatjana Y. , Wilson Alan M. , Carter Neil H. , Sanders Nathan J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBecause it can lead to retaliatory killing, livestock depredation by large carnivores is among the foremost threats to carnivore conservation, and it severely impacts human well‐being worldwide. Ongoing climate change can amplify these human–wildlife conflicts, but such issues are largely unexplored, though are becoming increasingly recognized. Here, we assessed how the availability of primary resources and wild prey interact to shape large carnivore selection for livestock rather than wild prey (i.e., via prey switching or apparent competition). Specifically, we combined remotely sensed estimates of primary resources (i.e., water availability and primary productivity), wild prey movement, and 7 years (2015–2021) of reports for livestock depredation by African lions (Panthera leo) in the Makgadikgadi Pans ecosystem, Botswana. Although livestock depredation did not vary between wet versus dry seasons, analyses at finer temporal scales revealed higher incidences of livestock depredation when primary production, water availability, and wild prey availability were lower, though the effects of wild prey availability were mediated by water availability. Increased precipitation also amplified livestock depredation events despite having no influence on wild prey availability. Our results suggest that livestock depredation is influenced by the diverse responses of livestock, wild prey, and lions to primary resource availability, a driver that is largely overlooked or oversimplified in studies of human–carnivore conflict. Our findings provide insight into tailoring potential conflict mitigation strategies to fine‐scale changes in resource conditions to efficiently reduce conflict and support human livelihoods.
Approximation of ice phenology of Maine lakes using Aqua MODIS surface temperature data
Authors: Skoglund Sophia K. , Bah Abdou Rachid , Norouzi Hamidreza , Weathers Kathleen C. , Ewing Holly A. , Steele Bethel G. , Bacon Linda C. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractStudies of lake ice phenology have historically relied on limited in situ data. Relatively few observations exist for ice out and fewer still for ice in, both of which are necessary to determine the temporal extent of ice cover. Satellite data provide an opportunity to better document patterns of ice phenology across landscapes and relate them to the climatological drivers behind changing ice phenology. We developed a model, the Cumulative Sum Method (CSM), that uses daytime and nighttime surface temperature observations from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor on board the Earth‐observing Aqua satellite to approximate ice in (the onset of ice cover) and ice out from training datasets of 13 and 58 Maine lakes, respectively, during the 2002/2003 through 2017/2018 ice seasons. Ice in was signaled by reaching a threshold of cumulative negative degrees following the first day of the season below 0°C. Ice out was signaled by reaching a threshold of cumulative positive degrees following the first day of the year above 0°C. The comparison of observed and remotely sensed ice‐in dates showed relative agreement with a correlation coefficient of 0.71 and a mean absolute error (MAE) of 9.8 days. Ice‐out approximations had a correlation coefficient of 0.67 and an MAE of 8.8 days. Lakes smaller in surface area and nearer the Atlantic coast had the greatest error in approximation. Application of the CSM to 20 additional lakes in Maine produced a comparable ice‐out MAE of 8.9 days. Ice‐out model performance was weaker for the warmest years; there was a larger MAE of 12.0 days when the model was applied to the years 2019–2023 for the original 58 lakes. The development of this model, which utilizes daily satellite data, demonstrates the promise of remote sensing for quantifying ice phenology over short, temporal scales, and wider geographic regions than can be observed in situ, and allows exploration of the influence of surface temperature patterns on the process and timing of ice in and ice out.
The long odyssey for the DEE‐CDKL5 diagnosis: A call for action
Authors: Valente Kette D. , Melo Fernanda , Marin Rachel , Vega Gustavo , Neves‐Borg Ana , Spagnol Bianca , Montenegro Maria Augusta , Vincentiis Silvia 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectivesThis study aims to determine the current state of CDD diagnosis and epilepsy treatment in an upper‐middle‐income country.MethodsForty‐seven families of the Brazilian CDD Association were invited to participate in an online survey to gather information about the diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy.ResultsForty‐three families (91.5%) of unrelated patients with confirmed genetic diagnosis of CDD participated. The median age was 7 years (ranging from 1.3–25 years) and the male: female ratio was 1:6. Early and severe epilepsy started during infancy in 74.4%. Seizures occurred daily in 61.9% and 83.7% had clusters of seizures. The mean age of diagnosis was 3.3 years (ranging from 37 days to 16 years), and younger patients had an earlier diagnosis (p < 0.001). Patients were seen by an average of 4.4 physicians (1–15) before the diagnosis. The most relevant obstacles to genetic testing were cost (55.8%) and late requests by physicians (27.9%). At the moment of the assessment, patients received a mean of 3.6 ASMs/day (ranging from 1 to 5). Thirty‐four (79.1%) caregivers reported side effects throughout life, including life‐threatening events in 16.3%.SignificanceBased on our findings, a sense of urgency for genetic assessment implementation is evident since the delay in the diagnosis with unnecessary use of resources and excessive polytherapy with serious side effects cause a higher burden to the healthcare system, caregivers, and patients.Plain Language SummaryIn this study, we assessed the diagnosis and treatment of patients with genetically confirmed DEE‐CDKL5 from the Brazilian Association of CDD with an online survey. Caregivers reported a long delay in the diagnosis associated with cost and late referral to genetic testing, considered the last resource for one‐third of the patients. Patients received a high number of ASM, mainly under polytherapy, with serious side effects. Although it is promising that younger patients received earlier diagnosis, public policies for genetic testing are needed to improve CDD patients' care.
Regional perspective on prospects and risks of the renewable energy in Russia
Authors: Chebotareva Galina , Strielkowski Wadim , Berdnikov Alexey , Tinarsky Danil 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe expansion of renewable energy (RE) relies on both natural factors and socioeconomic conditions fostered at the regional level. This paper examines the key factors influencing RE development in selected Russian regions. We conducted a literature review, surveyed 250 industry experts, and analyzed reports from energy and rating agencies, along with natural resource maps, to identify specific risks and indicators. Our expert survey revealed that the most significant technical risks are low resource potential (68%), energy system surplus (68%), and the absence of transport logistics with neighboring regions (58%). Politically, the lack of additional sector initiatives (6%) was noted. Economically, the high cost of RE (56%) and insufficient experience with “green” investments (54%) were highlighted. Social factors included low unemployment rates (74%), and the absence of remote areas without power supply (72%). Environmentally, the lack of enterprises for energy unit utilization (84%), low greenhouse gas emissions (60%), and insufficient accessible territories for facilities (58%) were significant concerns. We developed risk profiles for nine Russian regions, categorizing them into leaders, intermediates, and nascent stages of RE market formation. Our findings indicate that the most impactful factors include resource potential, space limitations for energy facilities, proximity to equipment manufacturers, regional support measures, and the development of “green” investment instruments. Conversely, regional investment attractiveness had a lesser influence. On the basis of these insights, we recommend enhancing RE development through refined federal and regional support programs. We propose additional criteria for project selection: (1) minimum construction costs covered by “green” investments and (2) quantitative restrictions on new capacities, considering regional energy system status. Practical recommendations also include developing regional centers for servicing generating facilities and increasing the sector's investment attractiveness to stimulate private investment.
Clinical insights into the immunomodulatory effects of food‐derived peptides
Authors: Chen Kangkai , Ma Dongwei , Yang Xin , Liu Ping , Wang Jin , Liao Wang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe interaction between diet and the immune system has garnered considerable attention, especially regarding the immunomodulatory effects of food‐derived peptides. These peptides, derived from dietary proteins, exhibit diverse mechanisms of action, influencing cytokine production, immune cell function, and gut barrier integrity. Although there are numerous in vitro and animal studies supporting its therapeutic potential in immune‐related diseases, clinical relevance requires further investigation. This review synthesizes current knowledge on food‐derived peptides as immunomodulators, highlighting clinical insights and discussing challenges in their application. Additionally, it expands beyond peptides to encompass various dietary compounds influencing immune function. By integrating structural and functional diversity, this review provides a comprehensive understanding of how nutrition shapes immune responses, offering insights for personalized health strategies.
Effects of low‐frequency pulsed electrical stimulation at the common peroneal nerve on chronic refractory wounds of the lower limb: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ma Yu , He Chuan , Gong Youhui , Qian Lifang , Lu Qian , Li Jinhua , Zong Li‐Juan , Song Jie , Yin Zhifei , Shen Ying 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackground and aimsElectrical stimulation (ES) has been shown to substantially enhance the quality of life by alleviating pain in patients with chronic wounds. This study aimed to observe the effects of low‐frequency pulsed wearable ES at the common peroneal nerve on chronic refractory wounds of the lower limb.MethodsForty‐eight participants were randomly divided into control group (n = 24) and treatment group (n = 24) in this study. The control group received standard wound care (SWC) exclusively, whereas the treatment group was administered both SWC and the wearable low‐frequency ES targeting the common peroneal nerve. Measurements of wound area, pain intensity, wound status, and quality of life scores were systematically recorded both before and after 4 weeks treatment.ResultsAfter 4 weeks of intervention, the percentage area reduction was significantly higher in the treatment group compared to the control group (Z = −3.9, p < 0.001), and the healing rate of the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group (33% vs. 4%). Moreover, the Visual Analog Scale for Pain score (β = −0.65, p = 0.019), the Bates‐Jensen Wound Assessment Tool score (p < 0.05), and the questionnaire on quality of life with chronic wounds (Wound‐Qol) score (β = −4.23, p = 0.003) were significantly decreased in the patients in the treatment group compared to the control group.ConclusionThe wearable low‐frequency pulsed ES at the common peroneal nerve for the treatment of chronic refractory wounds showed significant improvement and were far superior compared to SWC. Future research should broaden its scope to include a diverse range of wound types and benefit from collaboration across multiple research centers.
Thermal convection in a Brinkman–Darcy and Kelvin–Voigt fluid of order one with coupled stresses effect
Authors: Afluk Zaid Abbas , Harfash Akil J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOur paper thoroughly examines a model for the thermal convection of specific viscoelastic fluids within a porous medium characterized by Brinkman–Darcy properties. These fluids demonstrate first‐order Kelvin–Voigt behavior as they permeate the medium. This investigation considers the influence of couple stresses on the system. We calculate the critical Rayleigh number required for linear instability theory, focusing on both stationary and oscillatory types of convection. Additionally, we conduct the nonlinear stability theory. In the latter cases, it is demonstrated that oscillatory convection can occur. A detailed investigation is conducted into the characteristics of both stationary and oscillatory convection branches, including the points at which the transition occurs.
Review on layered oxide cathodes for sodium‐ion batteries: Degradation mechanisms, modification strategies, and applications
Authors: Li Yong , Liu Guoliang , Che Jiangxuan , Chen Liping , Wang Xuan , Wang Guangming , Lei Lanlan , Hou Jie , Li Shuyue , Wang Juan , Xu Yunhua , Zhao Yufeng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractExploiting high‐capacity cathode materials with superior reliability is vital to advancing the commercialization of sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). Layered oxides, known for their eco‐friendliness, adaptability, commercial viability, and significant recent advancements, are prominent cathode materials. However, electrochemical cycling over an extended period can trigger capacity fade, voltage hysteresis, structural instability, and adverse interface reactions which shorten the battery life and cause safety issues. Thus, it is essential to require an in‐depth understanding of degradation mechanisms of layered oxides. In this review, the crystal and electronic structures of layered oxides are revisited first, and a renewed understanding is also presented. Three critical degradation mechanisms are highlighted and deeply discussed for layered oxides, namely Jahn–Teller effect, phase transition, and surface decomposition, which are directly responsible for the inferior electrochemical performances. Furthermore, a comprehensive overview of recently reported modification strategies related to degradation mechanisms are proposed. Additionally, this review discusses challenges in practical application, primarily from a degradation mechanism standpoint. Finally, it outlines future research directions, offering perspectives to further develop superior layered cathode materials for SIBs, driving the industrialization of SIBs.
Improved health by combining dietary restriction and promoting muscle growth in DNA repair‐deficient progeroid mice
Authors: Vermeij Wilbert P. , Alyodawi Khalid , van Galen Ivar , von der Heide Jennie L. , Birkisdóttir María B. , van't Sant Lisanne J. , Ozinga Rutger A. , Komninos Daphne S.J. , Smit Kimberly , Rijksen Yvonne M.A. , Brandt Renata M.C. , Barnhoorn Sander , Jaarsma Dick , Vaiyapuri Sathivel , Ritvos Olli , Huber Tobias B. , Kretz Oliver , Patel Ketan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundAgeing is a complex multifactorial process, impacting all organs and tissues, with DNA damage accumulation serving as a common underlying cause. To decelerate ageing, various strategies have been applied to model organisms and evaluated for health and lifespan benefits. Dietary restriction (DR, also known as caloric restriction) is a well‐established long‐term intervention recognized for its universal anti‐ageing effects. DR temporarily suppresses growth, and when applied to progeroid DNA repair‐deficient mice doubles lifespan with systemic health benefits. Counterintuitively, attenuation of myostatin/activin signalling by soluble activin receptor (sActRIIB), boosts the growth of muscle and, in these animals, prevents muscle wasting, improves kidney functioning, and compresses morbidity.MethodsHere, we investigated a combined approach, applying an anabolic regime (sActRIIB) at the same time as DR to Ercc1Δ/− progeroid mice. Following both single treatments and combined, we monitored global effects on body weight, lifespan and behaviour, and local effects on muscle and tissue weight, muscle morphology and function, and ultrastructural and transcriptomic changes in muscle and kidney.ResultsLifespan was mostly influenced by DR (extended from approximately 20 to 40 weeks; P < 0.001), with sActRIIB clearly increasing muscle mass (35–65%) and tetanic force (P < 0.001). The combined regime yielded a stable uniform body weight, but increased compared with DR alone, synergistically improved motor coordination and further delayed the onset and development of balance problems. sActRIIB significantly increased muscle fibre size (P < 0.05) in mice subjected to DR and lowered all signs of muscle damage. Ercc1Δ/− mice showed abnormal neuromuscular junctions. Single interventions by sActRIIB treatment or DR only partially rescued this phenotype, while in the double intervention group, the regularly shaped junctional foldings were maintained. In kidney of Ercc1Δ/− mice, we observed a mild but significant foot process effacement, which was restored by either intervention. Transcriptome analysis also pointed towards reduced levels of DNA damage in muscle and kidney by DR, but not sActRIIB, while these levels retained lower in the double intervention.ConclusionsIn muscle, we found synergistic effects of combining sActRIIB with DR, but not in kidney, with an overall better health in the double intervention group. Crucially, the benefits of each single intervention are not lost when administered in combination, but rather strengthened, even when sActRIIB was applied late in life, opening opportunities for translation to human.
Causal effects of female reproductive features on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A mendelian randomization study
Authors: Fu Haoshuang , Song Shuying , Du Bingying , Zhou Tianhui , Cai Minghao , Jiang Shaowen , Chen Yaoxing , Zang Xinya , Huang Yan , Wang Weijing , Xie Qing 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackground and aimsEpidemiological evidence on the associations between female reproductive features and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is conflicting. To explore their causalities, we conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) study.MethodsSummary‐level data were obtained, and univariable MR was performed to explore the causalities between female reproductive features and NAFLD. And we performed multivariable MR and MR mediation analysis to explore the mediation effects of educational attainment (EA) and body mass index (BMI) for these associations. Sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate pleiotropy and heterogeneity.ResultsThere were causal effects of age at menarche (AAMA) (odds ratio [OR]: 0.817, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.736–0.907, per year‐increase), age at first birth (AFB) (OR: 0.851, 95%CI: 0.791–0.926, per year‐increase) and age at first sexual intercourse (AFS) (OR: 0.676, 95%CI: 0.511–0.896, per standard deviation‐increase) on NAFLD risk. Besides, the causal effects were also observed on NAFLD phenotypes including liver fat content (LFC) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Further mediation analysis showed that BMI mediated partial proportion of effects of AAMA and AFS on NAFLD/ALT, AFB on NAFLD/LFC/ALT, while EA mediated partial proportion of effects of AFB on NAFLD/LFC/ALT, and AFS on NAFLD/ALT.ConclusionsThis study provided convincing evidence that early AAMA, AFB, and AFS were risk factors for NAFLD. Reproductive health education, obesity management, and education spread might be the beneficial strategies for NAFLD prevention.
Fused Thiazolo[2,3‐b]Quinazolinone–Chromone Hybrids: Synthesis, Characterization, In Vitro Antibacterial Activity and In Silico Screening
Authors: Gali Rajitha , Banothu Janardhan , Salaria Punam , Subrahmanyeswara Rao N. N. , Badampudi Santosh Kumar , Amarendar Reddy M. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTAntimicrobial resistance is one of the biggest threats to public health across the globe. Bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoans have been exhibiting resistance against antimicrobial drugs making them ineffective. Hence, the development of new antibiotics with a different mode of action is highly desirable. In this study, 10 new chromone‐incorporated fused thiazolo[2,3‐b]quinazolinone derivatives, 8a‐j, have been prepared via Biginelli reaction involving aromatic aldehydes, 1‐tetralone, and thiourea followed by a reaction with 2‐chloro‐N‐phenylacetamide, and Knoevenagel condensation with 3‐formylchromone. All the structures of the compounds were characterized by NMR, FTIR, and mass spectrometry. The in vitro antibacterial activities of all the synthesized compounds against the four different microbial strains were evaluated. Among them, few compounds demonstrated prominent activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. No appreciable activity of any compound against Klebsiella pneumoniae was observed. Molecular docking studies were employed to reveal the interactions responsible for the potent compounds' activities against S. aureus, S. pyogenes, and P. aeruginosa. Both in vitro and in silico studies have been carried out by using standard agar well diffusion protocol and Auto Dock Vina in PyRx. The results indicated that compound 8c was the potential compound as it showed good affinity toward the receptors of all three organisms. Molecular dynamics simulation of the 8c‐1JIJ complex for 100 ns further confirmed the potentiality of 8c. The pharmacokinetic properties of the compounds indicate that the studied molecules have exhibited a favorable profile.
Surface Vibration‐Mediated and Multiphonon Relaxation‐Assisted Antithermal‐Quenching Shortwave Infrared Emission in Ho‐Based Double Perovskite With Long Lifetime
Authors: Duan Qiudong , Zha Yu , Xu Yusheng , Yang Yougui , Guo Tianyu , Meng Fanju , Wu Yuting , Hong Dongfeng , Han Jin , Yang Yong , Wang Qi , Zhou Dacheng , Wen Ming , Wen Yugeng , Qiu Jianbei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThermal quenching generally predominates in Er3+ 1540 nm luminescence quenching at elevated temperatures, due to intensified lattice vibration and efficient overtone vibrational relaxation by O─H stretch. This issue impedes practical device applications of shortwave infrared Er‐doped phosphors. Herein, with the mediation of surface vibrational phonons, anti‐thermal quenching of Er3+ 1540 nm emission is reported in (220)‐dominated Er3+‐doped Cs2NaHoCl6 double perovskite. The downshifting emissions can be boosted with rising temperatures from 303 to 543 K, reaching 225%@483 K of the initial intensity at 303 K, accompanied with a long lifetime of 33.02 ms at 483 K. By combining temperature‐dependent in situ Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies with the excited‐state dynamics results, the coordination role of water molecules is verified, serving as promoters instead of quenchers on the (220) facet at high temperatures. Furthermore, efficient energy transfer from Ho3+ to Er3+ enables intense 1540 nm emission with a photoluminescence quantum yield of 78.1% under 450 nm excitation. Finally, a compact thermally stable phosphor‐converted light‐emitting diode (LED) is designed as a narrowband shortwave infrared light source with a blue LED chip. This work pushes the improved understanding of achieving thermal‐enhanced Er3+ luminescence for potential broad applications.