bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case study on memristor‐based multilevel memories
Authors: Soell Christopher , Reichenbach Marc , Roeber Juergen , Hagelauer Amelie , Weigel Robert , Fey Dietmar 
Published: November 2017

SummaryIn this work, the benefits of memristor‐based multilevel memories are described along with their design problems. Starting with measurements of discrete actual devices, a discrete memristor‐based multilevel memory is developed. It uses a printed circuit board in order to connect eight packaged memristors from Bio Inspired to test a ternary arithmetic logic unit on a field programmable gate array. These circuits are then integrated in the second proposed memory system based on a 150‐nm CMOS process that can be equipped with memristors on top of the metal layers. This integrated solution includes proper read‐out, erase, and write circuits to control real memristors and 32×32 memristive memory cells. It is compared with a common static random‐access memory in terms of area, computation speed, and power consumption showing benefits for memory sizes bigger than 70 words. Because yield and device variations are still a big issue in memristor fabrication, methods to counter these problems are also proposed in the end. An actual implementation should offer several trimming solutions to ensure proper functionality of a prototype memory as well as a power‐on calibration, until these problems are solved. The development of the presented memories is not only based on different models but also based on measurements done with real devices. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microstrip band‐pass filters without source/load inverters
Authors: Xiao Fei 
Published: November 2017

SummaryIn radio frequency/microwave or even higher frequency range, various transmission‐line filters have been proposed for frequency selection. Specifically, there is a kind of transmission‐line filters not having source/load inverters. To design them is somewhat difficult, if their physical mechanism is not fully understood. In this paper, the concept of the distributed‐ to lumped‐element equivalence is applied in the synthesis of several microstrip band‐pass filters without source/load inverters. As demonstrated, it can help to reveal the physical mechanism of the filters such as how the resonances are created and coupled. In addition, the distributed‐ to lumped‐element equivalence relations between filter specifications and structural parameters are presented and good initial dimensions are calculated, which will facilitate filter design. Several examples are presented for demonstration.
Cortisol profiles differentiated in adolescents and young adult males with fragile X syndrome versus autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Matherly Sara M. , Klusek Jessica , Thurman Angela J. , McDuffie Andrea , Abbeduto Leonard , Roberts Jane E. 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundFragile X syndrome (FXS) and non‐syndromic autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are distinct disorders with overlapping behavioral features. Both disorders are also highly associated with anxiety with abnormal physiological regulation implied mechanistically. Some reports suggest atypical hypothalamus‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis function, indexed via aberrant cortisol reactivity, in both FXS and non‐syndromic ASD. However, no study has compared cortisol reactivity across these two disorders, or its relationship to ASD symptom severity.MethodsCortisol reactivity (prior to and following a day of assessments) was measured in 54 adolescent/young adult males with FXS contrasted to 15 males with non‐syndromic ASD who had low cognitive abilities.ResultsGreater ASD symptom severity was related to increased cortisol reactivity and higher levels at the end of the day, but only in the non‐syndromic ASD group. Elevated anxiety was associated with increased HPA activation in the group with FXS alone.ConclusionsTaken together, findings suggest a unique neuroendocrine profile that distinguishes adolescent/young adult males with FXS from those with non‐syndromic ASD. Severity of ASD symptoms appears to be related to cortisol reactivity in the non‐syndromic ASD sample, but not in FXS; while anxiety symptoms are associated with HPA activation in the FXS sample, but not in ASD despite a high prevalence of ASD, anxiety and physiological dysregulation characteristic in both populations.
Early‐onset type 2 diabetes: Age gradient in clinical and behavioural risk factors in 5115 persons with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes—Results from the DD2 study
Authors: Bo A. , Thomsen R.W. , Nielsen J.S. , Nicolaisen S.K. , Beck‐Nielsen H. , Rungby J. , Sørensen H.T. , Hansen T.K. , Søndergaard J. , Friborg S. , Lauritzen T. , Maindal H.T. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAimTo examine the association between early onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and clinical and behavioural risk factors for later complications of diabetes.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study of 5115 persons with incident type 2 DM enrolled during 2010‐2015 in the Danish Centre for Strategic Research in Type 2 Diabetes‐cohort. We compared risk factors at time of diagnosis among those diagnosed at ≤45 years (early onset) with diagnosis age 46 to 55, 56 to 65 (average onset = reference), 66 to 75, and >75 years (late onset). Prevalence ratios (PRs) were computed by using Poisson regression.ResultsPoor glucose control, ie, HbA1c ≥ 75 mmol/mol (≥9.0%) in the early‐, average‐, and late‐onset groups was observed in 12%, 7%, and 1%, respectively (PR 1.70 [95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.27, 2.28] and PR 0.17 [95% CI 0.06, 0.45]). A similar age gradient was observed for severe obesity (body mass index > 40 kg/m2: 19% vs. 8% vs. 2%; PR 2.41 [95% CI 1.83, 3.18] and 0.21 (95% CI 0.08, 0.57]), dyslipidemia (90% vs. 79% vs. 68%; PR 1.14 [95% CI 1.10, 1.19] and 0.86 [95% CI 0.79, 0.93]), and low‐grade inflammation (C‐reactive protein > 3.0 mg/L: 53% vs. 38% vs. 26%; PR 1.41 [95% CI 1.12, 1.78] and 0.68 [95% CI 0.42, 1.11]). Daily smoking was more frequent and meeting physical activity recommendations less likely in persons with early‐onset type 2 DM.ConclusionsWe found a clear age gradient, with increasing prevalence of clinical and behavioural risk factors the younger the onset age of type 2 DM. Younger persons with early‐onset type 2 DM need clinical awareness and support.
Vitamin D ratio and glycaemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review
Authors: Santos Ramara Kadija Fonseca , Brandão‐Lima Paula Nascimento , Tete Raissa Maria Dumas Delatore , Freire Analícia Rocha Santos , Pires Liliane Viana 
Published: November 2017

SummarySeveral studies have suggested a favorable role for vitamin D in glycaemic metabolism and its potential as adjuvant treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. This review discusses the role of vitamin D in the glycaemic control of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and evaluates the effect of vitamin D supplementation on glycaemic markers in this population. Literature searches were performed in the BIREME, LILACS, and PubMed databases using the Medical Subject Headings and words related to vitamin D, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and glycaemic control. Interventional and observational studies were considered eligible. The evaluation of the included studies was independently performed by 2 evaluators at all stages of selection, data extraction, and bias risk assessment. The primary outcome was the relationship between vitamin D levels and glucose metabolism markers in type 2 diabetes mellitus individuals. The secondary outcome was the effect of vitamin D supplementation on the glycaemic control markers in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The inverse relationship between vitamin D and variables of glucose metabolism was verified. Interventional studies revealed that vitamin D supplementation did not alter glycaemic control markers in most studies. Few studies have shown positive effects with a significant reduction in the percentage of glycated haemoglobin, insulin, and glucose concentrations, and changes in homeostatic model assessment–insulin resistance and beta cell, and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index. Therefore, despite the association of vitamin D with glucose metabolism, there is insufficient evidence of the beneficial effects of its supplementation on the metabolic control of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Exercise performance, haemodynamics, and respiratory pattern do not identify heart failure patients who end exercise with dyspnoea from those with fatigue
Authors: Morosin Marco , Farina Stefania , Vignati Carlo , Spadafora Emanuele , Sciomer Susanna , Salvioni Elisabetta , Sinagra Gianfranco , Agostoni Piergiuseppe 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAimsThe two main symptoms referred by chronic heart failure (HF) patients as the causes of exercise termination during maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) are muscular fatigue and dyspnoea. So far, a physiological explanation why some HF patients end exercise because of dyspnoea and others because of fatigue is not available. We assessed whether patients referring dyspnoea or muscular fatigue may be distinguished by different ventilator or haemodynamic behaviours during exercise.Methods and resultsWe analysed exercise data of 170 consecutive HF patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction in stable clinical condition. All patients underwent maximal CPET and a second maximal CPET with measurement of cardiac output by inert gas rebreathing at peak exercise. Thirty‐eight (age 65.0 ± 11.1 years) and 132 (65.1 ± 11.4 years) patients terminated CPET because of dyspnoea and fatigue, respectively. Haemodynamic and cardiorespiratory parameters were the same in fatigue and dyspnoea patients. VO2 was 10.4 ± 3.2 and 10.5 ± 3.3 mL/min/kg at the anaerobic threshold and 15.5 ± 4.8 and 15.4 ± 4.3 at peak, in fatigue and dyspnoea patients, respectively. In fatigue and dyspnoea patients, peak heart rate was 110 ± 22 and 114 ± 22 beats/min, and VE/VCO2 and VO2/work relationship slopes were 31.2 ± 6.8 and 30.6 ± 8.2 and 10.6 ± 4.2 and 11.4 ± 5.5 L/min/W, respectively. Peak cardiac output was 6.68 ± 2.51 and 6.21 ± 2.55 L/min (P = NS for all).ConclusionsIn chronic HF patients in stable clinical condition, fatigue and dyspnoea as reasons of exercise termination do not highlight different ventilatory or haemodynamic patterns during effort.
Ultrasonic and thermal pretreatment of apple pomace to improve biochemical methane potential
Authors: Tulun Şevket , Bilgin Melayib 
Published: November 2017

This study evaluates the effects of ultrasonic and thermal pretreatment on apple pomace solubilization and on the performance of the subsequent mesophilic anaerobic digestion. Ultrasonic frequency (35 and 53 kHz) and thermal methods are studied for pretreatment strategies. For each pretreatment method, four different temperatures are selected such as 25, 40, 50, and 60°C, and operation times are selected as 5, 15, 30, and 45 minutes.The highest increase in organic solubilization was observed at 60°C with 53 kHz in the 45 minutes. The highest biochemical methane productivity was achieved by the 53 kHz ultrasonic pretreatment at the 45 min. In addition to this, the solution with 1481.4 mL CH4/g‐VS was 1.74 times higher than the nonpretreatment condition 852.8 mL CH4/g‐VS.The pretreatment tests showed that the increasing biochemical methane potential could be obtained by using the apple pomace. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 37: 1601–1605, 2018
Composite periodic foundation and its application for seismic isolation
Authors: Cheng Z.B. , Shi Z.F. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryThis paper proposes a novel multidimensional composite periodic foundation for seismic isolation. The composite periodic foundation achieves multidimensional attenuation by innovative arrangement of periodic structures and taking advantage of the directional attenuation zone of periodic structures. Directional attenuation zones of periodic structures are derived for the in‐plane wave, and the impact of geometrical parameters of the periodic structure on the characteristics of the directional attenuation zones is studied. The effectiveness of the proposed composite periodic foundation is demonstrated through application in seismic isolation for nuclear power plant structures. Harmonic analysis and time history analysis results show that the proposed composite periodic foundation with low‐frequency directional attenuation zones can effectively reduce vibrations of the upper structure in both horizontal and vertical directions.
Evaluation of the glycemic indices of three commonly eaten mixed meals in Okada, Edo State
Authors: Omage Kingsley , Omage Sylvia O. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPeople do not generally eat single or individual meals; rather they eat mixed meals, consisting of two or more individual meals. These mixed meals usually have glycemic indices which differ from that of the individual food type. This study was aimed at evaluating the glycemic indices of three commonly consumed mixed meals eaten in Okada; rice and beans (test food 1), rice and plantain (test food 2), beans and plantain (test food 3). Two hundred and forty healthy subjects aged between 18 and 30 participated in this study. They were randomized into three groups of eighty persons each, and fed with the standard food (50 g glucose) on day one and one of the test foods on day two, after an overnight fast. Blood samples were taken at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after the food had been eaten. The results showed that the Glycemic Index (GI) values for the test foods were high: 86.60 (test food 1), 89.74 (test food 2), 86.93(test food 3). The incremental increase in blood glucose was monitored and calculated for each food and when compared with that of the standard food (glucose), there was significant differences (p < .036) for test food 1 and (p < .068) for test food 3; both at 30 min. At 120 min, no significant differences in blood glucose levels were observed (p > .05). The results from this study indicated that the GI of the mixed meals was affected by the constituent nutrient and the response is also affected by the proportion of each nutrient. Our findings show that the selected test foods (mixed meals) consumed in Okada have high GI values.
Coping with multilingualism: Internationalization and the evolution of language strategy
Authors: Welch Denice E. , Welch Lawrence S. 
Published: November 2017

Research Summary: In this article, we explore the interaction between internationalization and language strategy. We identify a range of language coping mechanisms that internationalizing firms use in response to the multilingualism they encounter. Learning outcomes and strategy implications of each of these mechanisms are identified. We then build a conceptual model to depict how, over time, interaction and influence between internationalization and language strategy become a two‐way, co‐evolutionary process. A key aspect is the role of management in shifting the firm from a reactive to a more proactive stance on language strategy. A case study is used to contextualize and illustrate the co‐evolutionary process over the long term. Case data demonstrate the constant adoption and adaptation of coping mechanisms that feed into language strategy as internationalization unfolds.
Managerial Summary: This article links the internationalization process of firms with the exposure to multilingualism and the development of language strategy. We outline how internationalizing firms may utilize a range of language coping mechanisms—such as the adoption of a common corporate language—to handle multilingualism. These feed into the development of language strategy. The case of Fazer, the Finnish bakery, confectionary, and catering firm, provides an illustration of how language strategy co‐evolves over time as internationalization proceeds—in Fazer's case, many decades. Fazer's experience also demonstrates the importance of management and changes in top management in ensuring a more proactive language strategy is adopted and enforced. Adequate allocation of resources and a link to performance management were found to be critical in supporting strategic implementation.
Less means more: The magnitude of synaptic plasticity along the hippocampal dorso‐ventral axis is inversely related to the expression levels of plasticity‐related neurotransmitter receptors
Authors: Dubovyk Valentyna , Manahan‐Vaughan Denise 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe dorsoventral axis of the hippocampus exhibits functional differentiations with regard to (spatial Vs emotional) learning and information retention (rapid encoding Vs long‐term storage), as well as its sensitivity to neuromodulation and information received from extrahippocampal structures. The mechanisms that underlie these differentiations remain unclear. Here, we explored neurotransmitter receptor expression along the dorsoventral hippocampal axis and compared hippocampal synaptic plasticity in the CA1 region of the dorsal (DH), intermediate (IH) and ventral hippocampi (VH). We observed a very distinct gradient of expression of the N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor GluN2B subunit in the Stratum radiatum (DH< IH< VH). A similar distribution gradient (DH< IH< VH) was evident in the hippocampus for GluN1, the metabotropic glutamate receptors mGlu1 and mGlu2/3, GABAB and the dopamine‐D1 receptor. GABAA exhibited the opposite expression relationship (DH > IH > VH). Neurotransmitter release probability was lowest in DH. Surprisingly, identical afferent stimulation conditions resulted in hippocampal synaptic plasticity that was the most robust in the DH, compared with IH and VH. These data suggest that differences in hippocampal information processing and synaptic plasticity along the dorsoventral axis may relate to specific differences in the expression of plasticity‐related neurotransmitter receptors. This gradient may support the fine‐tuning and specificity of hippocampal synaptic encoding.
Efficient quantification of water content in edible oils by headspace gas chromatography with vapour phase calibration
Authors: Xie Wei‐Qi , Gong Yi‐Xian , Yu Kong‐Xian 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDAn automated and accurate headspace gas chromatographic (HS‐GC) technique was investigated for rapidly quantifying water content in edible oils. In this method, multiple headspace extraction (MHE) procedures were used to analyse the integrated water content from the edible oil sample. A simple vapour phase calibration technique with an external vapour standard was used to calibrate both the water content in the gas phase and the total weight of water in edible oil sample. After that the water in edible oils can be quantified.RESULTSThe data showed that the relative standard deviation of the present HS‐GC method in the precision test was less than 1.13%, the relative differences between the new method and a reference method (i.e. the oven‐drying method) were no more than 1.62%.CONCLUSIONThe present HS‐GC method is automated, accurate, efficient, and can be a reliable tool for quantifying water content in edible oil related products and research. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Disinfection by‐products in baby lettuce irrigated with electrolysed water
Authors: López‐Gálvez Francisco , Andújar Silvia , Marín Alicia , Tudela Juan A , Allende Ana , Gil María I 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDIrrigation water disinfection reduces the microbial load but it might lead to the formation and accumulation of disinfection by‐products (DBPs) in the crop. If DBPs are present in the irrigation water, they can accumulate in the crop, particularly after the regrowth, and be affected by the postharvest handling such as washing and storage. To evaluate the potential accumulation of DBPs, baby lettuce was grown using irrigation water treated with electrolysed water (EW) in a commercial greenhouse over three consecutive harvests and regrowths. The impact of postharvest practices such as washing and storage on DBP content was also assessed.RESULTSUse of EW caused the accumulation of chlorates in irrigation water (0.02–0.14 mg L−1), and in the fresh produce (0.05–0.10 mg kg−1). On the other hand, the disinfection treatment had minor impact regarding the presence of trihalomethanes (THMs) in water (0.3–8.7 μg L−1 max), and in baby lettuce (0.3–2.9 μg kg−1 max).CONCLUSIONSDisinfection of irrigation water with EW caused the accumulation of chlorates in the crop reaching levels higher than the current maximum residual limit established in the EU legislation for leafy greens. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Ultrasound in Total Hip Replacement: Value of Anterior Acetabular Cup Visibility and Contact With the Iliopsoas Tendon
Authors: Guillin Raphaël , Bertaud Valérie , Garetier Marc , Fantino Olivier , Polard Jean‐Louis , Lambotte Jean‐Christophe 
Published: November 2017

ObjectivesTo assess visibility of the acetabular cup in total hip replacement and to determine the value of direct and indirect signs of iliopsoas impingement syndrome with ultrasound.MethodsUltrasound examinations were performed by a single operator in 17 patients with iliopsoas impingement syndrome and 48 control patients. Cup visibility, contact between the cup and psoas tendon, and the presence of indirect signs of iliopsoas impingement syndrome were investigated in all patients. When the acetabular cup was visible, its size and position in relation to the psoas tendon were recorded.ResultsAnterior cup visibility (P = .03), contact with the psoas tendon (P < .001), psoas tendinopathy (P = .02), and iliopsoas bursitis (P < .001) were significantly associated with iliopsoas impingement syndrome, the latter reported with specificity of 100%. In the sagittal plane at the level of the psoas tendon, a maximum sagittal length of greater than 5 mm and a posteroanterior cup shift of 3 mm or greater yielded respective sensitivities of 82% and 59% and specificities of 81% and 100%.ConclusionsWhen iliopsoas impingement syndrome is clinically suspected, the presence of iliopsoas bursitis or a posteroanterior cup shift of greater than 3 mm under the psoas tendon serve to confirm the diagnosis. In the absence of these conditions, a therapeutic test may be necessary because of the incomplete, albeit high, specificity of other signs.
One‐year follow‐up of a TRASER clinical trial for the treatment of nasal telangiectasias
Authors: Geddes‐Bruce Elizabeth , Hamill Selina S. , Zachary Christopher B. , Friedman Paul M. 
Published: November 2017

ObjectivesTo evaluate the long‐term efficacy of treating nasal telangiectasias with the TRASER device.MethodsSubjects from the TRASER efficacy analysis clinical trial were invited for a 1‐year follow‐up. Standardized photographs were taken to compare to baseline. The same clinical trial evaluator graded the subjects’ current vessel clearance using the 5‐point telangiectasia scale. The data was compiled and analyzed.ResultsOf the subjects with available follow‐up data, 44% maintained “complete vessel clearance,” 44% dropped down one grade to “almost complete vessel clearance,” and 11% dropped down to “moderately clear vessel clearance.” All showed clinically significant improvement in nasal telangiectasias from baseline.ConclusionsThe TRASER effectively treats nasal telangiectasias with minimal to mild recurrence at 1‐year follow‐up. Lasers Surg. Med. 50:61–63, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.