bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy as a novel approach to providing effect-based endpoints in duckweed toxicity testing
Authors: Hu Li-Xin , Ying Guang-Guo , Chen Xiao-Wen , Huang Guo-Yong , Liu You-Sheng , Jiang Yu-Xia , Pan Chang-Gui , Tian Fei , Martin Francis L. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Traditional duckweed toxicity tests only measure plant growth inhibition as an endpoint, with limited effects-based data. The present study aimed to investigate whether Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy could enhance the duckweed (Lemna minor L.) toxicity test. Four chemicals (Cu, Cd, atrazine, and acetochlor) and 4 metal-containing industrial wastewater samples were tested. After exposure of duckweed to the chemicals, standard toxicity endpoints (frond number and chlorophyll content) were determined; the fronds were also interrogated using FTIR spectroscopy under optimized test conditions. Biochemical alterations associated with each treatment were assessed and further analyzed by multivariate analysis. The results showed that comparable x% of effective concentration (ECx) values could be achieved based on FTIR spectroscopy in comparison with those based on traditional toxicity endpoints. Biochemical alterations associated with different doses of toxicant were mainly attributed to lipid, protein, nucleic acid, and carbohydrate structural changes, which helped to explain toxic mechanisms. With the help of multivariate analysis, separation of clusters related to different exposure doses could be achieved. The present study is the first to show successful application of FTIR spectroscopy in standard duckweed toxicity tests with biochemical alterations as new endpoints. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:346–353. © 2016 SETAC
Comparative chronic toxicity of imidacloprid, clothianidin, and thiamethoxam to Chironomus dilutus and estimation of toxic equivalency factors
Authors: Cavallaro Michael C. , Morrissey Christy A. , Headley John V. , Peru Kerry M. , Liber Karsten 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Nontarget aquatic insects are susceptible to chronic neonicotinoid insecticide exposure during the early stages of development from repeated runoff events and prolonged persistence of these chemicals. Investigations on the chronic toxicity of neonicotinoids to aquatic invertebrates have been limited to a few species and under different laboratory conditions that often preclude direct comparisons of the relative toxicity of different compounds. In the present study, full life-cycle toxicity tests using Chironomus dilutus were performed to compare the toxicity of 3 commonly used neonicotinoids: imidacloprid, clothianidin, and thiamethoxam. Test conditions followed a static-renewal exposure protocol in which lethal and sublethal endpoints were assessed on days 14 and 40. Reduced emergence success, advanced emergence timing, and male-biased sex ratios were sensitive responses to low-level neonicotinoid exposure. The 14-d median lethal concentrations for imidacloprid, clothianidin, and thiamethoxam were 1.52 μg/L, 2.41 μg/L, and 23.60 μg/L, respectively. The 40-d median effect concentrations (emergence) for imidacloprid, clothianidin, and thiamethoxam were 0.39 μg/L, 0.28 μg/L, and 4.13 μg/L, respectively. Toxic equivalence relative to imidacloprid was estimated through a 3-point response average of equivalencies calculated at 20%, 50%, and 90% lethal and effect concentrations. Relative to imidacloprid (toxic equivalency factor [TEF] = 1.0), chronic (lethality) 14-d TEFs for clothianidin and thiamethoxam were 1.05 and 0.14, respectively, and chronic (emergence inhibition) 40-d TEFs were 1.62 and 0.11, respectively. These population-relevant endpoints and TEFs suggest that imidacloprid and clothianidin exert comparable chronic toxicity to C. dilutus, whereas thiamethoxam induced comparable effects only at concentrations an order of magnitude higher. However, the authors caution that under field conditions, thiamethoxam readily degrades to clothianidin, thereby likely enhancing toxicity. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:372–382. © 2016 SETAC
Physiological differences in the crab Ucides cordatus from two populations inhabiting mangroves with different levels of cadmium contamination
Authors: Ortega Priscila , Vitorino Hector A. , Moreira Renata G. , Pinheiro Marcelo A.A. , Almeida Alaor A. , Custódio Márcio R. , Zanotto Flávia P. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Crustaceans found in metal-contaminated regions are able to survive, and the authors investigated the physiological mechanisms involved by comparing populations from contaminated and noncontaminated areas. The objective of the present study was to measure the cellular transport of a nonessential metal (cadmium [Cd]) in gills and hepatopancreas of Ucides cordatus, together with cell membrane fluidity, metallothionein levels, and lipid peroxidation. The 2 populations compared were from a polluted and a nonpolluted mangrove area of São Paulo State, Brazil. The authors found, for the first time, larger Cd transport in gills and hepatopancreatic cells from crabs living in polluted mangrove areas. The cells also had lower plasma membrane fluidity, increased lipid peroxidation and less metallothionein compared to those from nonpolluted regions. The authors also found larger amounts of Cd in intracellular organelles of gills, but not in the hepatopancreas, from crabs in polluted regions. Therefore, in polluted areas, these animals showed higher Cd transport and lower plasma membrane fluidity and storage of Cd intracellularly in gill cells, whereas hepatopancreatic cells used metallothionein as their main line of defense. The findings suggest that crabs from polluted areas can accumulate Cd more easily than crabs from nonpolluted areas, probably because of an impairment of the regulatory mechanisms of cell membrane transport. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:361–371. © 2016 SETAC
Advanced imaging of tau pathology in Alzheimer Disease: New perspectives from super resolution microscopy and label‐free nanoscopy
Authors: Schierle Gabriele S. Kaminski , Michel Claire H. , Gasparini Laura 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTAlzheimer's disease (AD) is the main cause of dementia in the elderly population. Over 30 million people worldwide are living with dementia and AD prevalence is projected to increase dramatically in the next two decades. In terms of neuropathology, AD is characterized by two major cerebral hallmarks: extracellular β‐amyloid (Aβ) plaques and intracellular Tau inclusions, which start accumulating in the brain 15‐20 years before the onset of symptoms. Within this context, the scientific community worldwide is undertaking a wide research effort to detect AD pathology at its earliest, before symptoms appear. Neuroimaging of Aβ by positron emission tomography (PET) is clinically available and is a promising modality for early detection of Aβ pathology and AD diagnosis. Substantive efforts are ongoing to develop advanced imaging techniques for early detection of Tau pathology. Here, we will briefly describe the key features of Tau pathology and its heterogeneity across various neurodegenerative diseases bearing cerebral Tau inclusions (i.e., tauopathies). We will outline the current status of research on Tau‐specific PET tracers and their clinical development. Finally, we will discuss the potential application of novel super‐resolution and label‐free techniques for investigating Tau pathology at the experimental level and their potential application for AD diagnosis. Microsc. Res. Tech. 79:677–683, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intensity‐modulated radiotherapy in the treatment of locoregionally advanced head and neck cancer: implementation and outcomes in a New Zealand community hospital
Authors: Rumley Christopher N. , Nedev Nikolay , Sharples Katrina , Lee Jeat , Lamb David S. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIntroductionIntensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) has become the standard of care for squamous cell cancer of the head and neck (HNSCC). This report presents early outcomes of IMRT with concomitant chemotherapy in a community setting in New Zealand.MethodsForty‐eight patients with stage III and IV advanced HNSCC received definitive treatment with IMRT. A dose of 66 Gy in 30 fractions was delivered over 6 weeks with 3‐weekly concurrent cisplatin after a single induction cycle of cisplatin and 5‐fluorouracil. Acute toxicity, locoregional control (LRC), disease‐free survival and overall survival (OS) outcomes were analysed.ResultsFollow‐up ranged from 2 to 82 months (median 34 months). Acute grade 2 toxicity was observed in 27 patients and grade 3 toxicity in 19 patients. No patients experienced grade 4 toxicity and there were no treatment‐related deaths. Locoregional failures occurred in six patients and distant metastatic disease occurred in five patients. Actuarial estimates of 3‐year LRC, disease‐free survival and OS were 87.3%, 74.4% and 73.7% respectively.ConclusionDefinitive treatment of stage III and IV cancer of the head and neck with IMRT and concurrent chemotherapy was achievable in the community setting. Acute toxicities were manageable and 3‐year outcomes were comparable to other published series.
Ascorbate pool, sugars and organic acids in black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) berries are strongly influenced by genotype and post‐flowering temperature
Authors: Woznicki Tomasz L , Sønsteby Anita , Aaby Kjersti , Martinsen Berit K , Heide Ola M , Wold Anne‐Berit , Remberg Siv F 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDMarked effects of the climatic environment on fruit chemical composition have often been demonstrated in field experiments. However, complex covariations of several climatic factors in the natural environment complicate the interpretation of such experiments and the identification of the causal factors. This can be better achieved in a phytotron where the various climatic factors can be varied systematically. Therefore, we grew four black currant cultivars of contrasting origin in a phytotron under controlled post‐flowering temperature and photoperiod conditions and analysed the berries for their ascorbic acid, sugar and organic acid contents.RESULTSThe analyses revealed significant effects of genotype on all investigated compounds. Particularly large cultivar differences were observed in the concentrations of l‐ascorbic acid (AA) and sucrose. The concentrations of both AA and dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA), as well as the concentrations of all major sugars, decreased consistently with an increasing temperature over the temperature range 12–24 °C. Fructose and glucose were the predominant sugars with concentrations several fold higher than that for sucrose. AA was the main contributor to the total ascorbate pool in black currant berries. The AA/DHAA ratio varied from 5.6 to 10.3 among the studied cultivars. The concentration of citric acid, which was the predominant organic acid in black currant berries, increased with an increasing temperature, whereas the opposite trend was observed for malic and shikimic acid. Quninic acid was always present at relatively low concentrations. By contrast, photoperiod had no significant effect on berry content of any of the investigated compounds.CONCLUSIONIt is concluded that the post‐flowering temperature has marked effects on the concentration of important chemical compounds responsible for taste and nutritional value of black currant berries, whereas photoperiod has no such effect in the studied cultivars. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Polymerized Paired Ions as Polymeric Ionic Liquid–Proton Conductivity
Authors: Gu Hong , Yan Feng , Texter John 
Published: June 2016

A new polymerized ionic liquid has been derived by photopolymerization of a stimuli‐responsive ionic liquid surfactant, ILAMPS, which is composed of polymerizable, paired ions. The cation is 1‐methyl‐3‐[11‐(acryloyloxy)undecyl] imidazolium (IL), and the anion is 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanesulfonate (AMPS). This ion combination is a new ionic liquid. The resulting hygroscopic resins are highly polarizable, suitable for sensor design and for ultracapacitor fabrication and proton conducting. Interactions of imidazolium with anions provide basis for stimuli‐responsiveness, and are used to promote proton transport. Doping with one equivalent of HPF6 at 0% relative humidity produces a 100‐fold increase in proton conductivity at 100–125 °C and activation energies for proton transport lower than those of Nafion at water loadings less than 5 per sulfonate.image
Serologic response and clinical efficacy of influenza vaccination in children and young adults on chemotherapy for cancer
Authors: Choi Daniel K. , Fuleihan Ramsay L. , Walterhouse David O. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundInfluenza is a health risk to children receiving chemotherapy for cancer. An absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) >1,000 cells/mm3 has been associated with the ability to produce an immune response to influenza vaccine during chemotherapy. However, clinical efficacy of influenza vaccination during chemotherapy remains unclear.ProcedureWe conducted a prospective cohort study in children receiving chemotherapy for cancer during two consecutive influenza seasons. Assessments of immune cells and serologic response were measured immediately before and after receiving influenza vaccine. Patients were monitored for influenza or influenza‐like illness (ILI).ResultsTwo hundred fifty‐nine patients were studied over 2 years. The seroresponse rate was 62% (98/157). The median ALC at vaccination was higher in seroresponders than nonresponders, 854 cells/mm3 versus 602 cells/mm3, respectively (P < 0.036). Univariate analysis showed that patients with an ALC <1,000 cells/mm3 at the time of vaccination were twice as likely to be sero‐nonresponders (P < 0.02, OR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.1–5.0). Twelve percent (31/259) of patients developed influenza, of whom all had fever at presentation, 26% (8/31) required hospitalization, and 81% (25/31) had chemotherapy delays. No deaths were associated with influenza infection. The proportion of patients with influenza was not different between seroresponders and nonresponders.ConclusionsInfluenza infection following immunization remains a source of morbidity in children undergoing chemotherapy. Lymphopenia at vaccination predicted sero‐nonresponse. Seroresponse was not associated with a decreased frequency of influenza infection or ILI when compared to sero‐nonresponders, suggesting clinical effectiveness of vaccination is likely multifactorial. Further investigation into the efficacy of the influenza vaccine is needed to refine immunization recommendations.
Utilization of professional psychological care in a large German sample of cancer patients
Authors: Faller Hermann , Weis Joachim , Koch Uwe , Brähler Elmar , Härter Martin , Keller Monika , Schulz Holger , Wegscheider Karl , Boehncke Anna , Hund Bianca , Reuter Katrin , Richard Matthias , Sehner Susanne , Wittchen Hans‐Ulrich , Mehnert Anja 
Published: June 2016

AbstractObjectiveAlthough one‐third of cancer patients are perceived to have a need for psychological support based on the percentage of mental disorders, little is known about the actual utilization of psychological care in cancer. We aimed to assess cancer patients' reported use of psychological care and its correlates in a large, representative sample.MethodsIn a multicenter, cross‐sectional study in Germany, 4020 cancer patients (mean age 58 years, 51% women) were evaluated. We obtained self‐reports of use of psychotherapy and psychological counseling. We measured distress with the Distress Thermometer, symptoms of depression with the Patient Health Questionnaire, anxiety with the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, and social support with the Illness‐specific Social Support Scale. In a subsample of 2141, we evaluated the presence of a mental disorder using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview.ResultsIn total, 28.9% (95% confidence interval 27.4%‐30.4%) reported having used psychotherapy or psychological counseling or both because of distress due to cancer. Independent correlates of utilization included age (odds ratio [OR] = 0.97 per year], sex (male, OR = 0.55), social support (OR = 0.96), symptoms of depression (OR = 1.04) and anxiety (OR = 1.08), the diagnosis of a mental disorder (OR = 1.68), and a positive attitude toward psychosocial support (OR = 1.27). Less than half of those currently diagnosed with a mental disorder reported having taken up psychological support offers.ConclusionSpecial efforts should be made to reach populations that report low utilization of psychological care in spite of having a need for support.
Potential risk levels of invasive Neoleucinodes elegantalis (small tomato borer) in areas optimal for open‐field Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) cultivation in the present and under predicted climate change
Authors: da Silva Ricardo Siqueira , Kumar Lalit , Shabani Farzin , Picanço Marcelo Coutinho 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDNeoleucinodes elegantalis is one of the major insect pests of Solanum lycopersicum. Currently, N. elegantalis is present only in America and the Caribbean, and is a threat in the world's largest S. lycopersicum‐producing countries. In terms of potential impact on agriculture, the impact of climate change on insect invasions must be a concern. At present, no research exists regarding the effects of climatic change on the risk level of N. elegantalis. The purpose of this study was to develop a model for S. lycopersicum and N. elegantalis, utilizing CLIMEX to determine risk levels of N. elegantalis in open‐field S. lycopersicum cultivation in the present and under projected climate change, using the global climate model CSIRO‐Mk3.0.RESULTSLarge areas are projected to be suitable for N. elegantalis and optimal for open‐field S. lycopersicum cultivation at the present time. However, in the future these areas will become unsuitable for both species. Conversely, other regions in the future may become optimal for open‐field S. lycopersicum cultivation, with a varying risk level for N. elegantalis.CONCLUSIONThe risk level results presented here provide a useful tool to design strategies to prevent the introduction and establishment of N. elegantalis in open‐field S. lycopersicum cultivation. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Adaptable P–X Biaryl Phosphite/Phosphoroamidite‐Containing Ligands for Asymmetric Hydrogenation and C–X Bond‐Forming Reactions: Ligand Libraries with Exceptionally Wide Substrate Scope
Authors: Pàmies Oscar , Diéguez Montserrat 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn this personal review, we present our efforts in the design of ligand libraries for the discovery of suitable metal catalysts for asymmetric hydrogenation and C–X bond‐forming reactions.
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Spontaneous Fractures of a Modern Modular Uncemented Femoral Stem
Authors: Koch Chelsea N. , Mateo Laura Serrano , Kayiaros Stephen , Cassidy Kevin A. , Jerabek Seth A. , Gonzalez Della Valle Alejandro 
Published: June 2016

Background Femoral stem fracture following total hip arthroplasty is an uncommon event that requires immediate revision surgery. Questions/Purposes We report on four patients who experienced stem fractures of one design and a review of the US Food and Drug Administration adverse event reports on this design. Methods Fracture surfaces of four EMPERION™ (Smith & Nephew, Memphis, TN) femoral stems were analyzed under optical and scanning electron microscopy. A search of the FDA's Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) that reports on all EMPERION™ adverse events was completed. Results Fracture surfaces exhibited characteristics consistent with a fatigue fracture mechanism. Sixteen MAUDE reports claimed stem fracture or breakage of EMPERION™ stems. Conclusion The four cases of EMPERION™ stem fractures were likely driven by small stem diameter, high offset, and high patient weight. Modular stem-sleeve femoral systems are susceptible to fatigue failure under high stress and should only be used in appropriate patients, whom are not considered obese.
Orgasm, Serotonin Reuptake Inhibition, and Plasma Oxytocin in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Gleaning From a Distant Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Humble Mats B. , Bejerot Susanne 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Introduction
Serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) are widely used for the treatment of psychiatric disorders, including obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). SRIs commonly cause delayed orgasm, the mechanism of which is poorly understood. Oxytocin is involved in sexual function and is interconnected with serotonin within the brain. SRIs are reported to affect the oxytocin system, but possible relations between SRI-induced changes of sexual function and oxytocin are unexplored in humans. In a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of OCD, the anti-obsessive efficacy and adverse events of SRIs and oxytocin measurements were studied.

Aims
To identify possible correlates between oxytocin levels and sexual function; find out whether sexual side effects correlate with levels of oxytocin and/or paroxetine and clomipramine; and test whether changes in sexual functioning are related to an anti-obsessive response.

Methods
Reported sexual function and oxytocin plasma levels at rest were studied in 31 adults (15 men and 16 women) with OCD who participated in a randomized, double-blinded trial comparing the SRIs clomipramine and paroxetine with placebo. Sexual adverse effects were quantified by a clinician-administered semistructured interview. Anti-obsessive response was based on the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale.

Main Outcome Measures
Ratings on the Sexual Symptom Checklist, plasma oxytocin, serum paroxetine and clomipramine levels, and Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale scores.

Results
Baseline oxytocin levels were positively correlated with baseline OCD severity, but not with sexual functioning. Impaired orgasm at week 6 was reported by 73% of SRI-treated and 20% of placebo-treated patients (P = .03). Impaired orgasm was related to higher oxytocin levels after 4 weeks of SRI treatment (P &lt; .01) but not to SRI concentrations. In men, an association between impaired orgasm and anti-obsessive treatment response was found (P = .028).

Conclusion
This pilot study suggests that some collateral effects of SRIs, particularly delayed orgasm, might be influenced by changes within the oxytocinergic system and are related to anti-obsessive mechanisms. Early-onset delayed orgasm in SRI-treated patients could serve as a predictor for OCD treatment response.
Reflex Seizures Triggered by Diaper Change in Dravet Syndrome
Authors: Subki Ahmed H. , Alasmari Aishah S. , Jan Fadi M. , Moria Feras A. , Jan Mohammed M. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDravet syndrome (DS) is a severe epilepsy syndrome characterized by early onset of multiple types of seizures. We report the first case of reflex seizures triggered by diaper change in a girl at 9 months old and 2 years old with a mutation in the SCN1A gene causing DS. Reflex seizures have been reported in patients with DS provoked by increased body temperature or visual stimulation. The case we report widens the spectrum of triggers causing reflex seizures in children with DS. Cortical hyperexcitability resulting from the genetic defect explains the tendency to experience such reflex seizures.