bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine Learning–Driven Phenogrouping and Cardiorespiratory Fitness Response in Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Novo Robert T. , Thomas Samantha M. , Khouri Michel G. , Alenezi Fawaz , Herndon James E. , Michalski Meghan , Collins Kereshmeh , Nilsen Tormod , Edvardsen Elisabeth , Jones Lee W. , Scott Jessica M. 
Published: September 2024

PURPOSE The magnitude of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) impairment during anticancer treatment and CRF response to aerobic exercise training (AT) are highly variable. The aim of this ancillary analysis was to leverage machine learning approaches to identify patients at high risk of impaired CRF and poor CRF response to AT. METHODS We evaluated heterogeneity in CRF among 64 women with metastatic breast cancer randomly assigned to 12 weeks of highly structured AT (n = 33) or control (n = 31). Unsupervised hierarchical cluster analyses were used to identify representative variables from multidimensional prerandomization (baseline) data, and to categorize patients into mutually exclusive subgroups (ie, phenogroups). Logistic and linear regression evaluated the association between phenogroups and impaired CRF (ie, ≤16 mL O2·kg–1·min–1) and CRF response. RESULTS Baseline CRF ranged from 10.2 to 38.8 mL O2·kg–1·min–1; CRF response ranged from –15.7 to 4.1 mL O2·kg–1·min–1. Of the n = 120 candidate baseline variables, n = 32 representative variables were identified. Patients were categorized into two phenogroups. Compared with phenogroup 1 (n = 27), phenogroup 2 (n = 37) contained a higher number of patients with none or >three lines of previous anticancer therapy for metastatic disease and had lower resting left ventricular systolic and diastolic function, cardiac output reserve, hematocrit, lymphocyte count, patient-reported outcomes, and CRF ( P < .05) at baseline. Among patients allocated to AT (phenogroup 1, n = 12; 44%; phenogroup 2, n = 21; 57%), CRF response (–1.94 ± 3.80 mL O2·kg–1·min–1 v 0.70 ± 2.22 mL O2·kg–1·min–1) was blunted in phenogroup 2 compared with phenogroup 1. CONCLUSION Phenotypic clustering identified two subgroups with unique baseline characteristics and CRF outcomes. The identification of CRF phenogroups could help improve cardiovascular risk stratification and guide investigation of targeted exercise interventions among patients with cancer.
Examining Racial Disparities in the Association Between Food Swamps and Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer Mortality
Authors: Bevel Malcolm , Sheth Aashka , Tsai Meng-Han , Parham April , Andrzejak Sydney Elizabeth , Jones Samantha R. , Moore Justin X. 
Published: September 2024

PURPOSE Colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality is rising among individuals younger than 50 years, and racial disparities in CRC persist. Residing in areas with no access to healthy food (food deserts) is associated with increased risk of CRC death, but the association between food swamps (FSs; areas with more unhealthy food) and CRC is unknown. We sought to examine the relationship of FSs to risk of early-onset CRC (EOCRC) mortality within different racial/ethnic groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis with 2010-2016 EOCRC patient data (N = 7,841) from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program, linked to county-level measures of FS scores data from the US Department of Agriculture Food Environment Atlas (aggregated years 2012, 2014, 2015, and 2017). FS score, or the ratio of fast-food and convenience stores to grocery stores and farmer's markets, was categorized as low, moderate, or high. Higher scores indicated patients living in counties with poorer healthy food resources. We conducted multivariable, multilevel Fine-Gray Cox proportional models to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and associated 95% CIs. RESULTS Non-Hispanic (NH) Black (aHR, 1.38 [95% CI, 1.14 to 1.65]) and Hispanic (aHR, 1.39 [95% CI, 1.12 to 1.73]) patients in high-FS counties had an increased risk of EOCRC death, when compared with NH-White patients in low-FS counties. CONCLUSION NH-Black and Hispanic patients living in the worst food environments had greater risk of EOCRC death versus NH-White patients. Policymakers and stakeholders should employ sustainable approaches at combating EOCRC in underserved racial communities by increasing healthier accessible food sources (eg, community gardens).
An Exploratory Analysis of ChatGPT Compared to Human Performance With the Anesthesiology Oral Board Examination: Initial Insights and Implications
Authors: Blacker Samuel N. , Chen Fei , Winecoff Daniel , Antonio Benjamin L. , Arora Harendra , Hierlmeier Bryan J. , Kacmar Rachel M. , Passannante Anthony N. , Plunkett Anthony R. , Zvara David , Cobb Benjamin , Doyal Alexander , Rosenkrans Daniel , Brown Kenneth Bradbury , Gonzalez Michael A. , Hood Courtney , Pham Tiffany T. , Lele Abhijit V. , Hall Lesley , Ali Ameer , Isaak Robert S. 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:
Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (ChatGPT) has been tested and has passed various high-level examinations. However, it has not been tested on an examination such as the American Board of Anesthesiology (ABA) Standardized Oral Examination (SOE). The SOE is designed to assess higher-level competencies, such as judgment, organization, adaptability to unexpected clinical changes, and presentation of information.

METHODS:
Four anesthesiology fellows were examined on 2 sample ABA SOEs. Their answers were compared to those produced by the same questions asked to ChatGPT. All human and ChatGPT responses were transcribed, randomized by module, and then reproduced as complete examinations, using a commercially available software-based human voice replicator. Eight ABA applied examiners listened to and scored the topic and modules from 1 of the 4 versions of each of the 2 sample examinations. The ABA did not provide any support or collaboration with any authors.

RESULTS:
The anesthesiology fellow’s answers were found to have a better median score than ChatGPT, for the module topics scores (P = .03). However, there was no significant difference in the median overall global module scores between the human and ChatGPT responses (P = .17). The examiners were able to identify the ChatGPT-generated answers for 23 of 24 modules (95.83%), with only 1 ChatGPT response perceived as from a human. In contrast, the examiners thought the human (fellow) responses were artificial intelligence (AI)-generated in 10 of 24 modules (41.67%). Examiner comments explained that ChatGPT generated relevant content, but were lengthy answers, which at times did not focus on the specific scenario priorities. There were no comments from the examiners regarding Chat GPT fact “hallucinations.”

CONCLUSIONS:
ChatGPT generated SOE answers with comparable module ratings to anesthesiology fellows, as graded by 8 ABA oral board examiners. However, the ChatGPT answers were deemed subjectively inferior due to the length of responses and lack of focus. Future curation and training of an AI database, like ChatGPT, could produce answers more in line with ideal ABA SOE answers. This could lead to higher performance and an anesthesiology-specific trained AI useful for training and examination preparation.
COVID-19’s Impact on Athletes: Reduced Cardiorespiratory Fitness after a SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: HASLER ERIK , WIDMANN MANUEL , HALLER BERNHARD , GAIDAI ROMAN , VENHORST ANDREAS , MEYER TIM , REINSBERGER CLAUS , NIEß ANDREAS M. , ROECKER KAI ,   THE COSMO-S RESEARCH GROUP
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective
This study aimed to identify potential changes in cardiorespiratory fitness among athletes who had previously been infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

Methods
In this prospective observational multicenter hybrid study (CoSmo-S), cardiopulmonary exercise testing on treadmills or bicycle ergometers involving 2314 athletes (39.6% female) was conducted. German federal squad members (59.6%) and non-squad athletes were included in the study. A total of 1170 (37.2% female) subjects were tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 via polymerase chain reaction from which we had pre–SARS-CoV-2 infection examinations available for 289 subjects. Mixed-effect models were employed to analyze, among others, the following dependent variables: power output at individual anaerobic threshold (POIAT·kg−1), maximal power output (POmax·kg−1), measured V̇O2max·kg−1, heart rate at individual anaerobic threshold (HRIAT), and maximal heart rate (HRmax).

Results
A SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with a decrease in POIAT·kg−1 (−0.123 W·kg−1, P < 0.001), POmax·kg−1 (−0.099 W·kg−1, P = 0.002), and measured V̇O2max·kg−1 (−1.70 mL·min−1·kg−1, P = 0.050), and an increase in HRIAT (2.50 bpm, P = 0.008) and HRmax (2.59 bpm, P < 0.001) within the first 60 d after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Using the pandemic onset in Germany as a longitudinal reference point, the healthy control group showed no change over time in these variables and an increase in POmax (+0.126 W·kg−1, P = 0.039) during the first 60 d after the reference point. Subgroup analyses showed that both squad members and endurance athletes experienced greater decreases in cardiorespiratory fitness compared with non-squad members respectively athletes from explosive power sports.

Conclusions
A SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with a decline in cardiorespiratory fitness in athletes for approximately 60 d. Potential factors contributing to this outcome seem to be cardiopulmonary and vascular alterations in consequence of SARS-CoV-2. A minor effect on cardiorespiratory fitness has training interruption due to acute symptoms and/or quarantine.
Για την Ηλεκτρονική Διακυβέρνηση των Ιατρών
Authors: Περτσάς Γιώργος 
Published: September 2024

Στο παρόν άρθρο εστιάζω στο ζήτημα της ηλεκτρονικής διακυβέρνησης των ιατρών. Η προσέγγιση μου εμπνεέται από το πεδίο των σπουδών Επιστήμης, Τεχνολογίας και Κοινωνίας. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, προσπαθώ να αναδείξω τη σημασία της τεχνολογίας ως κρίσιμου μεσολαβητικού παράγοντα με ρυθμιστική/ελεγκτική, αλλά και διαμορφωτική επίδραση επί της συνταγογραφικής και γενικότερα ιατρικής πράξης. Το άρθρο είναι δομημένο σε τρία μέρη. Στο πρώτο ανασυγκροτώ τον τρόπο με τον οποίο η συνταγογραφική συμπεριφορά των ιατρών κατέστη πρόβλημα και μία από τις βασικότερες αιτίες για τις υψηλές δημόσιες δαπάνες υγείας στην Ελλάδα. Η συγκεκριμένη προβληματοποίηση έθεσε τους όρους και τις γενικές κατευθύνσεις για τον σχεδιασμό του Συστήματος Ηλεκτρονικής Συνταγογράφησης (ΣΗΣ) ως λύσης στο συγκεκριμένου πρόβλημα. Στο δεύτερο μέρος αντλώ έννοιες, κυρίως από το έργο του Michel Foucault και του Bruno Latour (ορθολογικότητα της διακυβέρνησης, ανάθεση, σενάριο ή πρόγραμμα δράσης), προκειμένου να αναδείξω τη σημασία της τεχνολογίας για τις στρατηγικές της διακυβέρνησης των ιατρών. Τέλος, στο τρίτο μέρος εστιάζω στις συγκεκριμένες λειτουργικότητες του ΣΗΣ και τους ιδιαίτερους τρόπους με τους οποίους αυτές περιορίζουν, μπλοκάρουν, οριοθετούν ή προάγουν προς συγκεκριμένες κατευθύνσεις τη συνταγογράφηση των ιατρών. Καθώς η πράξη της συνταγογράφησης αποτελεί δομικό μέρος της ιατρικής πράξης, συμπεραίνουμε ότι το ΣΗΣ την ελέγχει και την καθοδηγεί με κοινωνικοτεχνικούς τρόπους που κυμαίνονται μεταξύ της αδιαπραγμάτευτης πειθάρχησης στις ρυθμίσεις του έως πιο έμμεσες παρεμβάσεις που αφήνουν στους ιατρούς μεγαλύτερα περιθώρια ελευθερίας και αλληλεπίδρασης με το ΣΗΣ. Πέρα από τον έλεγχο και τη ρύθμιση, το ΣΗΣ επαναπροσδιορίζει, ταυτόχρονα, την ίδια τη φύση της ιατρικής πράξης, στη βάση μιας συγκεκριμένης αντίληψης για την ιατρική, δηλαδή στη βάση του παραδείγματος της ιατρικής της βασισμένης σε ενδείξεις (evidence based medicine).
The Impact of Peer Performance and Relative Rank on Managerial Career Attainment: Evidence from College Students
Authors: Ribas Rafael P. , Sampaio Breno , Trevisan Giuseppe 
Published: September 2024

The ranking system within academic environments may impact future professional trajectories. Examining the influence of class rank on college students’ managerial attainment is crucial for understanding some determinants of career advancement. This paper estimates the effect of a low rank in a high-performing class on the probability of college students attaining a managerial position in the future. Our data combine administrative records from a highly selective university in Brazil and employment registries. For most programs, this university divides first-year students into two classes based on their preferences and admission scores. In a regression discontinuity design, we control for students’ preferences and inherent skills by comparing the last student admitted to the high-score class (the “first class”) with the first student excluded from this class, who joins the “second class.” Results show that the last student in the first class is 10 percentage points less likely to attain a managerial position soon after graduating than a similar student in the second class. Although this effect is initially similar between genders, it diminishes for men over time while persisting for women. Overall, our study indicates that better-performing peers can hinder a student’s managerial career by lowering their relative rank in the classroom. This paper was accepted by Isabel Fernandez-Mateo, organizations. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.02988 .
Mutual Fund Shareholder Letters: Flows, Performance, and Managerial Behavior
Authors: Hillert Alexander , Niessen-Ruenzi Alexandra , Ruenzi Stefan 
Published: September 2024

Fund companies regularly send shareholder letters to their investors. We use textual analysis to investigate whether these letters’ writing style influences fund flows and whether it predicts performance and investment styles. Fund investors react to the tone and content of shareholder letters: a less negative tone leads to higher net flows. Thus, fund companies can use shareholder letters as a tactical instrument to influence flows. However, at the same time, a dishonest communication that is not consistent with the fund’s actual performance decreases flows. A positive writing style predicts higher idiosyncratic risk as well as more style bets, whereas there is no consistent predictive power for future performance. This paper was accepted by Victoria Ivashina, finance. Supplemental Material: The internet appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.03417 .
Effect of a Multicomponent Intervention on Pre-Frailty Status Changes in Patients Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Ye Liqin , Li Amin , Zhang Hailin , Yin Lixia , Chang Jian , Fang Fang , Zhu Ying , Lu Jingyuan , Yan Xiuzhen 
Published: September 2024

Aims/Background Pre-frailty is common in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). Without proper management, it can quickly worsen and progress into frailty, leading to various adverse clinical outcomes. Therefore, timely interventions for pre-frail MHD patients are crucial. However, the response of pre-frail MHD patients to such interventions is currently unclear. This study evaluated the effect of a multicomponent intervention on changes in pre-frailty status, risk factors for frailty, quality of life, and clinical outcomes in pre-frail patients undergoing MHD. Methods Sixty MHD patients were randomly assigned to intervention (received a 12-week multicomponent intervention) and control (received standard care) groups, with 30 participants per group, between February and May 2018. Data were collected at baseline and at 3 and 9 months thereafter. Analyzed outcomes included changes in pre-frailty status, frailty risk factors (such as albumin level, pain, and anxiety), quality of life, and clinical outcomes during the follow-up period. Results Data from a total of 58 MHD patients were collected at three time points. At week 12, frailty scores were 0.9 points lower in the intervention group compared to the control group (p = 0.007). The intervention group showed a 26.2% higher proportion of patients who improved from pre-frailty to non-frailty compared to the control group (p = 0.029), and a 25.9% lower proportion of patients who progressed from pre-frailty to frailty (p = 0.021). Additionally, improvements in albumin levels, pain, anxiety, and quality of life were more significant in the intervention group (all p < 0.05). Although there were fewer incidents of falls and rehospitalizations in the intervention group during follow-up, these differences did not reach statistical significance (all p > 0.05). Conclusion This study validates the effectiveness and practicality of a multicomponent intervention in improving pre-frailty status, frailty risk factors, and quality of life in patients undergoing MHD. Clinical Trial Registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR-IOR-17012176).
Investigation of the Prevalence of Polymorphisms of IFITM3 rs12252 and rs34481144 in the Turkish Population: A Pilot Study and Survey Conducted during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Pirim Dilek , Bağcı Fatih Atilla , Niş Hasan Faruk , Akalın Emin Halis 
Published: September 2024

abstract: Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) plays a substantial role in the immune system by repressing viral entry into host cells and restricting virus replication. Recent research suggests that specific polymorphisms of the IFITM3 gene, rs34481144 and rs12252, contribute to susceptibility to viral infections across populations dependent on their population frequencies, which needs further clarification. This population-based study determined the prevalence of two regulator SNPs in the Turkish population and evaluated genotype and allele frequencies in individuals stratified into groups based on a pilot survey conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic. Tetra-Primer Arms PCR assays and Sanger sequencing methods were used to genotype rs34481144 and rs12252; all participants ( n = 200) answered a questionnaire on individual experiences (e.g., disease severity, vaccine side effects) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Distributions of genotype frequencies and pairwise linkage disequilibrium correlations were calculated and compared to publicly available data from worldwide populations. The minor allele frequencies for rs12252-G and rs34481144-T were 0.128 and 0.324, respectively, in the total sample. Our preliminary survey data gave no concrete evidence of a correlation between the analyzed SNPs and COVID-19 severity or vaccine side effects yet pinpointed a trend for an association between rs12252-G and symptom burdens, which merits further investigation. Overall, our results present genotype and allele distributions of two IFITM3 polymorphisms in the Turkish population and provide preliminary data on previously suggested correlations of genotype with COVID-19 in our population.
Repelling Aedes aegypti mosquitoes with electric fields using insulated conductor wires
Authors: Jobe Ndey Bassin , Erickson Michael , Rydberg Sarah E. , Huijben Silvie , Paaijmans Krijn P. 
Published: September 2024

Background
The control and prevention of mosquito-borne diseases is mostly achieved with insecticides. However, their use has led to the rapid development and spread of insecticide resistance worldwide. Health experts have called for intensified efforts to find new approaches to reduce mosquito populations and human-mosquito contact. A promising new tool is the use of electrical fields (EFs), whereby mosquitoes are repelled by charged particles in their flight path. Such particles move between two or more conductors, and the use of uninsulated copper or aluminum plates as conductors has been proven to be effective at repelling mosquitoes. Here, for the first time, we assess if EFs generated using a single row of insulated conductor wires (ICWs) can also successfully repel mosquitoes, and whether mosquitoes are equally repelled at the same EF strength when the electrodes are a) orientated differently (horizontal vs. vertical placement), and b) spaced more apart.

Methodology/Principal findings
Over a period of 23 hours, the number of host-seeking female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes that were successfully repelled by EFs, using ICWs, at EF strengths ranging from 0 kV/cm (control) to 9.15 kV/cm were quantified. Mosquitoes were released inside a 220×220×180 cm room and lured into a BG-Pro trap that was equipped with a BG-counter and baited with CO2 using dry ice. Mosquitoes had to pass through an EF window, that contained a single row of ICWs with alternating polarity, to reach the bait. The baseline interaction between EF strength and repellency was assessed first, after which the impact of different ICW orientations and ICW distances on repellency were determined.
Over 50% of mosquitoes were repelled at EF strengths of ≥ 3.66 kV/cm. A linear regression model showed that a vertical ICW orientation (vertical vs. horizontal) had a small but insignificant increased impact on mosquito repellency (p = 0.059), and increasing ICW distance (while maintaining the same EF strength) significantly reduced repellency (p = 0.01).

Conclusions/Significance
ICWs can be used to generate EFs that partially repel host-seeking mosquitoes, which will reduce human-mosquito contact. While future studies need to assess if (i) increased repellency can be achieved, and (ii) a repellency of 50–60% is sufficient to impact disease transmission, it is encouraging that EF repellency using ICWs is higher compared to that of some spatial repellent technologies currently in development. This technology can be used in the housing improvement toolkit (i.e. preventing mosquito entry through eaves, windows, and doors). Moreover, the use of cheap, over-the-counter ICWs will mean that the technology is more accessible worldwide, and easier to manufacture and implement locally.
Prognostic value of NT-proBNP in the new era of heart failure treatment
Authors: Nguyen Dat Vu , Nguyen Si Van , Pham An Le , Nguyen Bay Thi , Hoang Sy Van 
Published: September 2024

Background
Heart failure is one of the leading causes of mortality and hospitalization in cardiovascular patients. Guideline-directed medical treatment (GDMT) in the current era includes novel medications such as ARNI and SGLT2 inhibitors, as well as an approach to treatment based on clinical phenotypes. To assess prognostic factors for mortality and hospital readmissions plays a crucial role in patient care.

Objectives
This study aimed to determine the rate of 90-day post-discharge events in patients having heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and investigate the associated clinical factors.

Method
A prospective study was conducted on 110 HFrEF patients at the cardiology department of Cho Ray Hospital. The 90-day events included all-cause mortality and rehospitalization due to heart failure.

Results
The rate of 90-day events was 45.6%. After multivariable Cox regression analysis, NT-proBNP level ≥ 1858 pg/mL was identified as an independent factor associated with the 90-day events.

Conclusion
NT-proBNP cut-off ≥ 1858 pg/mL can be used for the prognosis of 90-day events in HFrEF.
A Rare Occurrence of Primary Gastric Ewing Sarcoma
Authors: Hasan Fariha , Garcia Alexander , Singh Avneet , Morris Natalie , Williams Kathy , Zhu Gord Guo , Chaaya Adib 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Ewing sarcoma (ES) is a rare malignancy that typically occurs within the skeletal system but can also develop extraskeletally. Extraskeletal ES typically presents paraspinally, in the limbs, and retroperitoneum. Rarely, it presents as a primary gastric ES. To our knowledge, there are only 13 reports of primary gastric ES, none of which originated in the cardia of the stomach. Increased identification of how extraskeletal ES, specifically primary gastric ES, presents and characterized is crucial for future treatment development and accurate prognosis. We present the case of a 36-year-old man with hematemesis, ultimately found to have primary gastric ES in the cardia.