bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nighttime Blood Pressure Patterns and Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Women with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Sabio José Mario , Martinez-Bordonado Josefina , Sánchez-Berná Isabel , Vargas-Hitos José Antonio , Mediavilla Juan Diego , Navarrete-Navarrete Nuria , Zamora-Pasadas Mónica , Ruíz Manuela Expósito , Jiménez-Alonso Juan 
Published: November 2015

Objective.To compare 24-h ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring (ABPM) values and patterns in women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with those of a matched control group and their relationship with the presence of subclinical atherosclerosis.Methods.ABPM was assessed in 70 women with SLE and in 65 sex- and age-matched controls without a history of clinic cardiovascular disease (CVD). Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV), which is a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis and a predictor of future CVD, was measured. Multivariate logistic analysis was used to determine which explanatory variables were independently associated with the non-dipper pattern and the presence of nocturnal hypertension (HTN) in women with SLE.Results.No differences in PWV were found between patients and controls [median 7.3, interquartile range (IQR) 6.5–8.1 m/s vs median 7.1, IQR 6.5–7.8 m/s, p = 0.474]. The frequency of nondipper pattern (p = 0.025) and nocturnal HTN (p = 0.004) was significantly higher in women with SLE than in controls. White-coat and masked HTN were present in 10% and 11% of patients and in 20% and 8% of controls, respectively (p > 0.05 in all cases). The concordance between office and ambulatory HTN in the SLE and control groups was modest (κ = 0.325 and κ = 0.451, respectively). PWV and chronic kidney disease, and PWV and the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index were found to be independently associated with nocturnal HTN and nondipper pattern, respectively.Conclusion.Women with SLE were more likely to have an altered nighttime BP pattern than controls. In women with SLE, nondipper pattern and nocturnal HTN were independently associated with increased subclinical atherosclerosis measured by PWV.
Cost Analysis of Flip Chip Assembly Processes: Mass Reflow with Capillary Underfill and Thermocompression Bonding with Nonconductive Paste
Authors: Palesko Amy 
Published: November 2015

Many factors affect the selection of the assembly and interconnect processes used to package a die. For example, the size of the die and package, the type of substrate, and the number of IOs all must be considered. In this paper, two processes are compared: a flip chip process using mass reflow with capillary underfill versus a flip chip thermocompression bonding process using nonconductive paste.
Activity based cost modeling is used for the analysis. Both of the process flows are presented in detail, then multiple cost comparisons are presented. Examples of the variables that will change are package size, material cost, and equipment cost. In most cases, the bonding and material portions of the process flows are focused on rather than the entire assembly and substrate processes—this allows for a better analysis of particular details. Conclusions are drawn about which design scenarios are suitable for each process flow. Key cost drivers that may affect future cost comparisons as the technologies advance are also indicated.
Ultra Fine Pitch RDL Development in Multi-layer eWLB (embedded Wafer Level BGA) Packages
Authors: Choi Won Kyoung , Na Duk Ju , Aung Kyaw Oo , Yong Andy , Lee Jaesik , Ray Urmi , Radojcic Riko , Adams Bernard , Yoon Seung Wook 
Published: November 2015

The market for portable and mobile data access devices connected to a virtual cloud access point is exploding and driving increased functional convergence as well as increased packaging complexity and sophistication. This is creating unprecedented demand for higher input/output (I/O) density, higher bandwidths and low power consumption in smaller package sizes. There are exciting interconnect technologies in wafer level packaging such as eWLB (embedded Wafer Level Ball Grid Array), 2.5D interposers, thin PoP (Package-on-Package) and TSV (Through Silicon Via) interposer solutions to meet these needs.
eWLB technologies with the ability to extend the package size beyond the area of the chip are leading the way to the next level of high density, thin packaging capability. eWLB provides a robust packaging platform supporting very dense interconnection and routing of multiple die in very reliable, low profile, low warpage 2.5D and 3D solutions. The use of these embedded eWLB packages in a side-by-side configuration to replace a stacked package configuration is critical to enable a more cost effective mobile market capability. Combining the analog or memory device with digital logic device in a semiconductor package can provide an optimum solution for achieving the best performance in thin, multiple-die integration aimed at very high performance.
This paper highlights the rapidly moving trend towards eWLB packaging technologies with ultra fine 2/2μm line width and line spacing and multi-layer RDL. A package design study, process development and optimization, and mechanical characterization will be discussed as well as test vehicle preparation. JEDEC component level reliability test results will also be presented.
Cleaning in Electronics: Understanding Today's Needs
Authors: Duchi P.J. , Laügt Anne-Marie , Levasseur Laurent 
Published: November 2015

Because of the phase out of CFC's and HCFC's, standard solder pastes and fluxes evolved from RA and RMA fluxes, to No-Clean, low residue No-Clean, and very low residue No-Clean. Many companies came out with their cleaning solutions, aqueous and semi-aqueous, with each product release being more innovative than the previous one. Unfortunately for most of the suppliers of cleaners, two other trends appeared; lead-free soldering and the progressive miniaturization of electronic devices.
Traditional chemicals like CFC's, HCFC's, brominated solvents, detergents and glycols cannot do a good cleaning job anymore because most flux formulations have changed. Also, assembly processes have been modified due to smaller components and more compact board assemblies. The world is composed of two main things: organics and inorganics. Organics are made of resins and activators, whereas inorganics are made of salts, metallic salts and fillers.
Cleaning performance is affected by three main criteria. The first involves the Hansen Parameters which is a characterization of a contaminant to be dissolved and can be simplified by the solvency power of a product also known as the Kauri Butanol Index (KB Index). The second is surface tension, expressed in mN/m. This parameter must be considered because when the cleaning product cannot make contact with the contaminants under or around components, the contaminants cannot be dissolved.
The third criteria are the physical parameters like temperature, mechanical activities, and the process cyle.
The mastery to manage all of these parameters while facing high-tech miniaturization and environmental regulations, like ROHS, REACH, etc. brings innovation to cleaning in this electronic world.
Comunicación política en la red social Facebook: segmento rusoparlante
Authors: Pilgun Maria , Gradoselskaya Galina 
Published: November 2015

El presente artículo expone el análisis de las características de la comunicación política en el segmento rusoparlante de la red social Facebook a base de grupos políticamente activos y sus actores. Al contrario de lo habitual en los EEUU y otros países, los usuarios de blogs rusos prefieren plataformas que combinan elementos típicos de un blog y los de las redes sociales tipo Facebook. Los datos fueron recogidos en un momento político complicado para Rusia (rebeldía en Ucrania) lo que avivó la actividad de la oposición rusa y los procesos manipuladores en las redes sociales rusas. Objetivos. El objetivo era clasificar los actores políticamente activos de Facebook ruso y analizar su comportamiento sociolingüístico. Metodología. Se efectuó un análisis interdisciplinar de los grupos políticos (N 200) y actores (N 291) durante enero-mayo 2014. Resultados. Según sus opiniones políticas los actores principales fueron clasificados como oficiales-gubernamentales, de oposición y nacionalistas y juzgando por su actividad como proyectores de espacio comunicativo, manipuladores, grafómanos y autores de Clusters locales. Su comportamiento comunicativo y verbal también ha sido analizado donde fueron identificadas identidades virtuales específicas compartidas. Discusión y conclusiones. Desde que las redes sociales están siendo utilizadas cada vez más con fines políticos el análisis de los procesos sociolingüísticos en las comunidades virtuales activas políticamente ha adquirido mucha importancia tanto en Rusia, como en el resto del mundo. Como la perspectiva del desarrollo futuro del presente estudio se contempla la detección de la relación entre la actividad comunicativa de los actores online y offline dentro de los grupos señalados.
Aplinkos apsaugos raidos problema Lietuvoje
Authors: Tuskenytė Valentina , Volungevičius Jonas 
Published: November 2015

Straipsnyje pateikiama skirtingų laikmečių autorių aplinkos apsaugos politikos veikimo diferenciacija į teritorinę ir kokybinę aplinkos apsaugą. Taip pat pateikiama teritorinės ir kokybinės aplinkos apsaugos sampratos bei jų tarpusavio santykio apžvalga. Naudojantis Aplinkos apsaugos agentūros duomenų bazėmis, sudaromas kokybinės aplinkosaugos žemėlapis, kuris rodo 2015 m. Lietuvoje vykdomą aplinkos komponentų (oro, vandens, dirvožemio) stebėseną. Remiantis sudarytu žemėlapiu, šiame straipsnyje pristatomos galimos kokybinės aplinkosaugos Lietuvoje perspektyvos.
Multiscale Fabrication and Characterization of a NEMS Force Sensor
Authors: Jedari Ghourichaei Masoud , Kerimzade Umut , Demirkazik Levent , Pruchnik Bartosz , Kwoka Krzysztof , Badura Dominik , Piasecki Tomasz , Toymus Alp Timucin , Aydin Onur , Aksoy Bekir , Aydogan Cemal , Nadar Gokhan , Rangelow Ivo W. , Beker Levent , Yalcinkaya Arda Deniz , Bayraktar Halil , Gotszalk Teodor , Alaca Burhanettin Erdem 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the fabrication and characterization of an innovative nanoelectromechanical system force sensor that utilizes suspended submicron silicon nanowires for detecting multi‐axis forces in the micro‐newton range. The sensor combines microscale shuttle platforms with nanowire piezoresistors along with retaining springs. Its fabrication involves a rather involved set of Si deep etching, doping, metallization, release, and encapsulation processes on silicon‐on‐insulator wafers. Electromechanical characterization demonstrates sensor reliability under mechanical strains up to the level of 10% as well as gauge factor measurements. Dynamic response analysis confirms a high resonant frequency of 12.34 MHz with a quality factor of 700 in air, closely matching simulation results. Thermal characterization of the sensor reveals a Temperature Coefficient of Resistance of 6.4 × 10⁻⁴ °C⁻¹. Sensor characterization under jet flow reveals its ability to detect strong flows demonstrating a resistance change of as much as 2.02% under sustained gas flow through a nozzle. Sensor integration into the gas flow measurement setup demonstrates its versatility in detecting small forces, paving the way for further exploration of thermomechanical factors. Combined with its miniature footprint, the sensor's electromechanical performance hints at applications in the analysis of velocity gradients in microscale flows including micro/nano diffusers and nozzles in small satellite propulsion.
Signal‐Amplifying Biohybrid Material Circuits for CRISPR/Cas‐Based Single‐Stranded RNA Detection
Authors: Mohsenin Hasti , Schmachtenberg Rosanne , Kemmer Svenja , Wagner Hanna J. , Johnston Midori , Madlener Sibylle , Dincer Can , Timmer Jens , Weber Wilfried 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe functional integration of biological switches with synthetic building blocks enables the design of modular, stimulus‐responsive biohybrid materials. By connecting the individual modules via diffusible signals, information‐processing circuits can be designed. Such systems are, however, mostly limited to respond to either small molecules, proteins, or optical input thus limiting the sensing and application scope of the material circuits. Here, a highly modular biohybrid material is design based on CRISPR/Cas13a to translate arbitrary single‐stranded RNAs into a biomolecular material response. This system exemplified by the development of a cascade of communicating materials that can detect the tumor biomarker microRNA miR19b in patient samples or sequences specific for SARS‐CoV. Specificity of the system is further demonstrated by discriminating between input miRNA sequences with single‐nucleotide differences. To quantitatively understand information processing in the materials cascade, a mathematical model is developed. The model is used to guide systems design for enhancing signal amplification functionality of the overall materials system. The newly designed modular materials can be used to interface desired RNA input with stimulus‐responsive and information‐processing materials for building point‐of‐care suitable sensors as well as multi‐input diagnostic systems with integrated data processing and interpretation.
The Role of Alkylammonium Bromides on the Surface Passivation of Stable Alcohol‐Dispersed CsPbX3 Nanocrystals and on the Stability Enhancement in Light‐Emitting Applications
Authors: Uribe‐Vegas Pablo , Villanueva‐Antolí Alexis , Segura Camilo , Werlinger Francisca , Aliaga Karen R. , Caprile Renato , Trofymchuk Oleksandra S. , Flores Mario E. , Osorio‐Román Igor O. , Echeverría‐Arrondo Carlos , Adhikari Samrat Das , Selmi Olfa , Seró Iván Mora , Rodriguez‐Pereira Jhonatan , Pradhan Bapi , Paulus Michael , Sternemann Christian , Hofkens Johan , Martinez Javier , Masi Sofia , Gualdrón‐Reyes Andrés F. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe ligand passivation is considered an attractive strategy to prepare high‐quality perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) with improved photophysical features in polar media. However, the long‐term stabilization of PNCs in these environments is still challenging, being pivotal to understanding the protection mechanism given by prominent surface ligands and avoiding material deterioration in polar solvents. In this work, how the nature of diverse alkylammonium bromides used during surface passivation influences the photophysical properties and quality of CsPbX3 PNCs fully dispersed in alcohol environments, exhibiting stability up to 10 months are investigated. By adding didodecyldimethylammonium benzyldodecyldimethylammonium and tetrabutylammonium bromides (DDAB, BDAB, and TBAB, respectively), DDAB and BDAB promote a suitable and partial surface coverage are observed, respectively, suppressing defect sites in the nanocrystals. Conversely, TBAB shows poor surface protection, decreasing the PL features of PNCs. The presence of DDAB and BDAB favors the fabrication of color converters, and efficient light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) with external quantum efficiencies (EQE) of ≈23%. Interestingly, significant device stability with BDAB capping shows an LED half‐life of 20‐fold longer than for DDAB. This contribution offers a promising approach for preparing highly luminescent and stable alcohol‐dispersed PNCs, useful for fabricating efficient optoelectronic devices.
RAN Translation of C9orf72‐Related Dipeptide Repeat Proteins in Zebrafish Recapitulates Hallmarks of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Identifies Hypothermia as a Therapeutic Strategy
Authors: Burrows David J. , McGown Alexander , Abduljabbar Olfat , Castelli Lydia M. , Shaw Pamela J. , Hautbergue Guillaume M. , Ramesh Tennore M. 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveHexanucleotide repeat expansions in the C9orf72 gene are the most common genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). A large body of evidence implicates dipeptide repeats (DPRs) proteins as one of the main drivers of neuronal injury in cell and animal models.MethodsA pure repeat‐associated non‐AUG (RAN) translation zebrafish model of C9orf72‐ALS/FTD was generated. Embryonic and adult transgenic zebrafish lysates were investigated for the presence of RAN‐translated DPR species and adult‐onset motor deficits. Using C9orf72 cell models as well as embryonic C9orf72‐ALS/FTD zebrafish, hypothermic‐therapeutic temperature management (TTM) was explored as a potential therapeutic option for C9orf72‐ALS/FTD.ResultsHere, we describe a pure RAN translation zebrafish model of C9orf72‐ALS/FTD that exhibits significant RAN‐translated DPR pathology and progressive motor decline. We further demonstrate that hypothermic‐TTM results in a profound reduction in DPR species in C9orf72‐ALS/FTD cell models as well as embryonic C9orf72‐ALS/FTD zebrafish.InterpretationThe transgenic model detailed in this paper provides a medium throughput in vivo research tool to further investigate the role of RAN‐translation in C9orf72‐ALS/FTD and further understand the mechanisms that underpin neuroprotective strategies. Hypothermic‐TTM presents a viable therapeutic avenue to explore in the context of C9orf72‐ALS/FTD. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:1058–1069
High‐Energy Sodium Ion Batteries Enabled by Switching Sodiophobic Graphite into Sodiophilic and High‐Capacity Anodes
Authors: Lyu Linlong , Zheng Yichun , Hua Yingkai , Li Jien , Yi Yuyang , Sun Yang , Xu Zheng‐Long 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOwing to the crustal abundance of sodium element, sodium ion batteries (SIBs) are considered a promising complementary to lithium‐ion battery for stationary energy storage applications. The cointercalation chemistry enables the use of cost‐effective graphite as anodes, whereas the low capacity (<130 mAh g−1) and high redox potential (>0.6 V vs. Na/Na+) of graphite significantly limit the energy density of SIBs. Herein, we induce the high‐capacity Na metal into sodiophilic ternary graphite intercalation compounds (t‐GICs) via co‐intercalation and deposition reactions, thereby achieving Na/t‐GIC anodes with high capacities and low working voltage (0.18 V). The new anodes exhibit high coulombic efficiencies of above 99.7 % over 550 cycles and a high‐rate capacity of 588.4 mAh g−1 at 6 C (10 min per charge). When it is paired with Na3V2(PO4)2F3 (NVPF) cathodes, the SIBs demonstrate a high energy density of 259 Wh kg−1both electrodes surpassing that of commercial LiFePO4//graphite batteries. The outstanding anode performance is attributed to the tailored sodiophilicity of graphite through manipulating the ether solvents and the in situ generated space among t‐GIC flakes to stably accommodate Na metal. Our findings for stable Na plating/striping on sodiophilic graphite materials provide an effective approach for developing advanced SIBs.
Chemoselective Construction of Polycyclic Heterocycles Containing a [6‐6‐5] or [7‐6‐5] Tricyclic Core Skeleton from a 2‐Isocyanophenyl Propargylic Ester
Authors: Fei Youwen , Zhou Zihao , Ni Zihan , Peng Xin , Cui Lei , Zhou Zijun , Li Xinyao , Li Chunju , Jia Xueshun , Li Jian 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFunctionalized isocyanide chemistry represents an important research area in organic synthesis. A structurally unique 2‐isocyanophenyl propargylic ester has been designed to incorporate the reactivity of isocyanide and propargylic ester functionalities. Thus, the reaction of 2‐isocyanophenyl propargylic ester and 2‐aminoaromatic aldimine facilitates the synthesis of a wide range of polycyclic benzo[b] indolo [3,2‐h][1,6] naphthyridine derivatives. Furthermore, reaction with 2‐hydroxyaromatic aldimine enables the divergent synthesis of both the aforementioned scaffolds and structurally distinct diazabenzo [f] naphtho[2,3,4‐ij] azulenes featuring a [7‐6‐5] core skeleton. Experimental results and DFT calculations suggest that these transformations likely proceed by the in situ generation of a strained cyclopropenimine species followed by [3+2] cycloaddition. Next, switchable nucleophilic attack/ring expansion/aromatization and nucleophilic addition/ring expansion/elimination account for the observed selectivity.
Research on the process of preparing fiber filtration membrane by centrifugal blowing electrospinning technology
Authors: Liu Fengbin , Wang Han , Liu Maolin , Lu Zehui , Lin Zhenpei , Chen Ying 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCurrently, the problem of air pollution is getting more and more serious, especially the pollution of tiny solid particles (PM, particulate matter) in the air, which poses a great challenge to the environment and human health. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop air filtration materials with high filtration efficiency and low resistance to meet this challenge. In this study, we propose to prepare air filtration membranes by centrifugal jet electrospinning technology, design multifactorial orthogonal coupling experiments, and investigate the effects of key process parameters of centrifugal jet electrostatic spinning, including solution concentration, airflow rate, rotational speed, and voltage, on the fiber diameter and uniformity by applying the polar analysis of variance and analysis of variance. PAN‐BaTiO3 electret nanofiber filtration membranes with high efficiency and low resistance were prepared by combining the optimized process of centrifugal blowing electrospinning. Various characterization methods (tensile test, water contact angle test, surface charge test, filtration test) were used to evaluate the effect of different BaTiO3 electret contents (0%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%) on the comprehensive performance of the filtration membranes, and the electret filtration efficiency of the electret filtration membranes prepared by the present process reached as high as 96.56% with a pressure drop of 29 Pa.
Comparative study on the thermal and tribological properties of PA12 and PA11 for coating applications
Authors: Başaran Selin , Türkmen İlyas , Yağcı Tuğçe , Kanbur Kürşat , Baştürk S. Bahar 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this study, the performance and potential applicability of polyamide‐12 (PA12) as an alternative to polyamide‐11 (PA11), which is currently used in the coating processes of sliding tools present in cardan shafts, was investigated. The advantages of PA12 powder instead of PA11 in cardan shafts' coating include ease of supply and cost‐effectiveness, while still achieving similar performance. Therefore, PA12 is a more economical choice for coating applications. The PA11 and PA12 neat polymers were characterized via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Based on the analyses, PA12 demonstrated substantial advantages over PA11. It showed a 16°C improvement in decomposition temperature and a 50% increase in crystallinity, enhancing stability under operational conditions, whereas PA11 exhibited approximately 6–7% higher values in crystallization and melting temperatures. The wettability behavior of the steel substrates coated with those polyamides was measured via contact angle analysis. Wear properties and morphologies of coatings were examined using a ball‐on disc test and scanning electron microscopy, respectively and comparatively. Furthermore, PA12 typically displays 30% lower wear rates and similar deformation patterns in tests, thereby presenting itself as a cost‐effective and widely accessible option for coating applications in comparison to PA11.