bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stem photosynthesis and hydraulics are coordinated in desert plant species
Authors: Ávila‐Lovera Eleinis , Zerpa Antonio J. , Santiago Louis S. 
Published: August 2017

Summary

Coordination between stem photosynthesis and hydraulics in green‐stemmed desert plants is important for understanding the physiology of stem photosynthesis and possible drought responses. Plants with photosynthetic stems have extra carbon gain that can help cope with the detrimental effects of drought.

We studied photosynthetic, hydraulic and functional traits of 11 plant species with photosynthetic stems from three California desert locations. We compared relationships among traits between wet and dry seasons to test the effect of seasonality on these relationships. Finally, we compared stem trait relationships with analogous relationships in the leaf economics spectrum.

We found that photosynthetic and hydraulic traits are coordinated in photosynthetic stems. The slope or intercept of all trait relationships was mediated by seasonality. The relationship between mass‐based stem photosynthetic CO2 assimilation rate (Amass) and specific stem area (SSA; stem surface area to dry mass ratio) was statistically indistinguishable from the leaf economics spectrum.

Our results indicate that photosynthetic stems behave like leaves in the coordination of multiple traits related to carbon gain, water movement and water loss. Because of the similarity of the stem Amass–SSA relationship to the leaf Amass–specific leaf area relationship, we suggest the existence of a photosynthetic stem economic spectrum.
The Chlamydomonas CO2‐concentrating mechanism and its potential for engineering photosynthesis in plants
Authors: Mackinder Luke C. M. 
Published: August 2017

Contents

Summary

I.
Introduction
54

II.
Recent advances in our understanding of the Chlamydomonas CCM
55

III.
Current gaps in our understanding of the Chlamydomonas CCM
58

IV.
Approaches to rapidly advance our understanding of the Chlamydomonas CCM
58

V.
Engineering a CCM into higher plants
58

VI.
Conclusion and outlook
59

Acknowledgements
60

References
60

SummaryTo meet the food demands of a rising global population, innovative strategies are required to increase crop yields. Improvements in plant photosynthesis by genetic engineering show considerable potential towards this goal. One prospective approach is to introduce a CO2‐concentrating mechanism into crop plants to increase carbon fixation by supplying the central carbon‐fixing enzyme, Rubisco, with a higher concentration of its substrate, CO2. A promising donor organism for the molecular machinery of this mechanism is the eukaryotic alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. This review summarizes the recent advances in our understanding of carbon concentration in Chlamydomonas, outlines the most pressing gaps in our knowledge and discusses strategies to transfer a CO2‐concentrating mechanism into higher plants to increase photosynthetic performance.
Genetic variants of microRNA processing genes and risk of non‐syndromic orofacial clefts
Authors: Xu M , Ma L , Lou S , Du Y , Yin X , Zhang C , Fan L , Wang H , Wang Z , Zhang W , Wang L , Pan Y 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveMicroRNA (miRNA) processing genes play important roles in the craniofacial development. The aim of this study was to explore the associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of miRNA processing genes with the risk of non‐syndromic orofacial clefts (NSOC).MethodsWe genotyped 12 potentially functional SNPs from seven miRNA processing genes (GEMIN3, DROSHA, DGCR8, GEMIN4, PIWIL1, XPO5, and DICER) in a case–control study of 602 NSOC cases and 605 controls.ResultsTwo SNPs were associated with the susceptibility of CL/P: rs10719 in DROSHA led to an increased risk of cleft lip with or without palate (CL/P) (GA/AA: p = .024, OR = 1.33, 95% CI = [1.04, 1.70]; GG + GA/AA: p = .037, OR = 1.29, 95% CI = [1.02, 1.63]), while rs493760 in DROSHA (CC/TT: p = .049, OR = 0.58, 95% CI = [0.34, 0.99]) could reduce the risk of CL/P. In addition, rs10719 (A)‐rs493760 (C) haplotype contributed to a decreased risk of CL/P (OR = 0.77, 95% CI = [0.63, 0.94]), whereas the rs10719 (G)‐rs493760 (C) haplotype contributed to the increased risk of cleft palate only (CPO) (OR = 2.70, 95% CI = [1.15, 6.35]). However, there was no difference observed in these SNPs after the Bonferroni correction.ConclusionTaken together, our results provided the potential evidence that rs10719 and rs493760 might contribute to the risk of CL/P and suggested potential genetic basis and mechanisms of CL/P. The lack of association between these SNPs and CPO might be due to the limited sample size of CPO subgroup.
Late Mesoproterozoic – early Neoproterozoic organic‐walled microfossils from the Madhubani Group of the Ganga Valley, northern India
Authors: Tang Qing , Hughes Nigel C. , McKenzie N. Ryan , Myrow Paul M. , Xiao Shuhai 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe age of the sedimentary basement of the Ganga Valley in northern India, which is represented by the entirely subsurface Ganga Supergroup, is key for addressing issues related to the tectonic history of the Himalaya. However, the stratigraphic correlations between the Ganga Supergroup in the Ganga Valley, the Vindhyan Supergroup in cratonic India to the south, and Proterozoic successions in the Lesser Himalaya to the north have long been a matter of controversy. This is largely because of the poor age constraint of the Madhubani Group of the upper Ganga Supergroup, which has been variously interpreted as Proterozoic, lower Palaeozoic, or even Mesozoic. To address this issue, we used a low manipulation maceration technique to extract organic‐walled microfossils from the Ujhani and Tilhar formations of the lower Madhubani Group. Our study recovered a total of 24 taxa, including Devisphaera corallis gen. et sp. nov. The co‐occurrence of Trachyhystrichosphaera aimika, Caudosphaera expansa and Annulusia annulata in the lower Madhubani Group indicates a late Mesoproterozoic to early Neoproterozoic age. Thus, the biostratigraphical data suggest a >300 myr depositional gap between the Madhubani Group and the immediately underlying Bahraich Group, which has been independently constrained to be upper Palaeoproterozoic to lower Mesoproterozoic in age. Therefore, the first‐order stratigraphic architecture, with a Palaeoproterozoic–Mesoproterozoic succession unconformably overlain by a Mesoproterozoic–Neoproterozoic succession, is closely similar throughout the Vindhyan Basin, Ganga Valley and Lesser Himalaya, suggesting a shared sedimentary and tectonic history among them.
Increased contribution of wheat nocturnal transpiration to daily water use under drought
Authors: Claverie Elodie , Meunier Félicien , Javaux Mathieu , Sadok Walid 
Published: August 2017

Increasing evidence suggests that in crops, nocturnal water use could represent 30% of daytime water consumption, particularly in semi‐arid and arid areas. This raises the questions of whether nocturnal transpiration rates (TRN) are (1) less influenced by drought than daytime TR (TRD), (2) increased by higher nocturnal vapor pressure deficit (VPDN), which prevails in such environments and (3) involved in crop drought tolerance. In this investigation, we addressed those questions by subjecting two wheat genotypes differing in drought tolerance to progressive soil drying under two long‐term VPDN regimes imposed under naturally fluctuating conditions. A first goal was to characterize the response curves of whole‐plant TRN and TRN/TRD ratios to progressive soil drying. A second goal was to examine the effect of VPDN increase on TRN response to soil drying and on 13 other developmental traits. The study revealed that under drought, TRN was not responsive to progressive soil drying and – intriguingly – that TRN seemingly increased with drought under high VPDN consistently for the drought‐sensitive genotype. Because TRD was concomitantly decreasing with progressive drought, this resulted in TRN representing up to 70% of TRD at the end of the drydown. In addition, under drought, VPDN increase was found not to influence traits such as leaf area or stomata density. Overall, those findings indicate that TRN contribution to daily water use under drought might be much higher than previously thought, that it is controlled by specific mechanisms and that decreasing TRN under drought might be a valuable trait for improving drought tolerance.
Improving Small Area Estimates of Disability: Combining the American Community Survey with the Survey of Income and Program Participation
Authors: Maples Jerry J. 
Published: August 2017

Summary
The Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) is designed to make national level estimates of changes in income, eligibility for and participation in transfer programmes, household and family composition, labour force behaviour and other associated events. Used cross-sectionally, the SIPP is the source for commonly accepted estimates of disability prevalence, having been cited in the findings clause of the Americans with Disability Act. Because of its sample size, the SIPP is not designed to produce highly reliable estimates for individual states. The American Community Survey (ACS) is a large sample survey which is designed to support estimates of characteristics at the state and county level; however, the questions about disability in the ACS are not as comprehensive and detailed as in the SIPP. We propose combining the information from the SIPP and ACS to improve, i.e. to lower variances of, state estimates of disability (as defined by the SIPP).
Double Degeneracy in Multiphase Modulation and the Emergence of the Boussinesq Equation
Authors: Ratliff Daniel J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn recent years, a connection between conservation law singularity, or more generally zero characteristics arising within the linear Whitham equations, and the emergence of reduced nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) from systems generated by a Lagrangian density has been made in conservative systems. Remarkably, the conservation laws form part of the reduced nonlinear system. Within this paper, the case of double degeneracy is investigated in multiphase wavetrains, characterized by a double zero characteristic of the linearized Whitham system, with the resulting modulation of relative equilibrium (which are a generalization of the modulation of wavetrains) leading to a vector two‐way Boussinesq equation. The derived PDE adheres to the previous results (such as [1]) in the sense that all but one of its coefficients is related to the conservation laws along the relative equilibrium solution, which are then projected to form a corresponding scalar system. The theory is applied to two examples to highlight how both the criticality can be assessed and the two‐way Boussinesq equation's coefficients are obtained. The first is the coupled Nonlinear Schrodinger (NLS) system and is the first time the two‐way Boussinesq equation has been shown to arise in such a context, and the second is a stratified shallow water model which validates the theory against existing results.
Epigenetics: The Future Direction in Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Walczyk M. , Paradowska‐Gorycka A. , Olesinska M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSystemic sclerosis (SSc) is an immune‐mediated connective tissue disease of which the aetiology is still unclear. Previous genetic studies including candidate‐gene studies and genomewide association studies have identified a number of genetic variations that confer risk to SSc. However, these variants, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms, cannot completely explain the SSc susceptibility and the diversity in the clinical symptoms of SSc patients. The contribution of epigenetic mechanisms as a link between genetics and environmental triggers represents promising field in understanding the pathogenesis of SSc. The aim of this review was to present the current knowledge on epigenetic mechanisms and highlight novel directions in diagnostic and therapeutical approaches.
Does Urbanization Mean Bigger Governments?
Authors: Jetter Michael , Parmeter Christopher F. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce urbanization as an important driver of government size. Using panel data for 175 countries from 1960 to 2010, we find that there is a close link between urbanization and the size of the public sector, especially when looking at education, health care, and social issues. Various robustness checks confirm this finding. An analysis of state‐level public spending in Colombia and Germany confirms our hypothesis on the subnational level. On the microeconomic level, people in urban areas acknowledge that governments should take more responsibility, and they are more in favor of redistribution. This finding can help to explain the evolution of government size, and it can also predict the present and future needs of urbanizing areas.
Maculinea rebeli (Hirschke) – a phantom or reality? Novel contribution to a long‐standing debate over the taxonomic status of an enigmatic Lycaenidae butterfly
Authors: BERECZKI JUDIT , PECSENYE KATALIN , VARGA ZOLTÁN , TARTALLY ANDRÁS , TÓTH JÁNOS P. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe main goal of our research was to carry out a comprehensive study on the obligatorily myrmecophilous Maculinea alcon (Denis & Schiffermüller) whose taxonomy has remained highly debated despite the fact that Maculinea Van Eecke species are some of the most intensively studied insects in Europe. We aimed to elucidate the relationship between the different forms exploiting different ecological environments with specific regard to ‘Hirschke's rebeli' (M. rebeli (Hirschke)) from the high altitudes of the Styrian Alps which was studied in this respect for the first time. Molecular analyses including multiple gene sequences, microsatellites and allozymes completed with Wolbachia screening, together with geometric morphometry were applied on various sets of samples. Our results showed that ‘rebeli’ from the type locality differed strongly from all other samples not only at the highly variable microsatellites, but also at standard genes and clearly represents a well‐separated unit (potentially subspecies) within M. alcon. As all individuals were infected with a single Wolbachia strain, this is possibly an ancient infection with high maternal transmission rate. It also suggests that the separation of the topotypic populations was probably a relatively recent event which could have been promoted by genetic drift or specific conditions at high altitudes, and maintained by restricted gene flow. Both the genetic and the morphometric studies supported the proposition that the geographical origin of the populations has a higher effect on the structure of variation than the food plant use. Moreover, we detected more genetic lineages than could be defined by differential host plant usage.
Switch to atovaquone and subsequent re‐challenge with trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole for Pneumocystis prophylaxis in a kidney transplant population
Authors: McLaughlin Milena M. , Galal Audrey , Richardson Chad L. , Sutton Sarah H. , Barr Viktorija O. , Patel Niketa , Mitchell Porntiwa , Stosor Valentina 
Published: August 2017

AbstractKidney transplant recipients who are switched to atovaquone (ATO) from trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) prophylaxis because of adverse events or complications may miss opportunities to be re‐challenged with TMP/SMX, the first‐line agent. This single‐site, retrospective study assessed kidney transplant recipients for documented reasons for switching from TMP/SMX to alternate PJP prophylaxis and outcomes of TMP/SMX re‐challenge. Out of 166 patients, 155 initially received TMP/SMX; of these, 31 were switched to ATO for various reasons. Fourteen patients receiving ATO were re‐challenged with TMP/SMX; all were successfully re‐initiated on TMP/SMX therapy. Most patients switched to ATO post kidney transplant secondary to non‐hypersensitivity reasons should be re‐challenged with TMP/SMX because of the advantages it provides over other agents.
Herpesviruses excretion in saliva of pediatric transplant recipients
Authors: Correa Sierra Consuelo Beatriz , Kourí Cardellá Vivian , Pérez Santos Lissette , Silverio Cesar E. , Hondal Norma , Florin Jose 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundSaliva samples could be used for follow‐up of herpesviruses infection in pediatric transplant recipients.ObjectiveWith the aim of determining the frequency of herpesviral infections in saliva samples after transplantation, and the association with viremia and complications, a pilot longitudinal follow‐up of pediatric Cuban transplanted recipients (kidney and liver) was performed.MethodsQuantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction of cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein‐Barr virus, herpes simplex virus, human herpesevirus‐6 (HHV6), varicella zoster virus, and human herpesvirus‐8 were serially assayed in saliva and serum samples from 27 transplanted patients, during 32 weeks after the graft. Samples taken immediately after the graft were used as control samples.ResultsHerpesviruses were detected in 88.9% of saliva and in 37.0% of serum samples. HHV6 and CMV were the viruses more frequently detected (70.4%) in saliva and they were significantly more frequent during the follow‐up in comparison with control samples (P < .05). Most patients (22/27) had more than one virus shedding concurrently. Patients with CMV in saliva were associated with CMV viremia (P = .009), particularly at the cutoff of 252.5 copies/mL, with a less accurate level of area under the curve. No association between CMV viral load in saliva and viral disease or response to the antiviral treatment was observed.ConclusionsThe association found between CMV shedding in saliva and CMV viremia in this study opens the possibility of future studies of using viral load in saliva as a predictor of viremia. The implementation of herpesviral load in saliva samples for early clinical intervention in pediatric recipients needs a study with a large number of samples for further conclusions.
BCS-Bose crossover theory extended with hole Cooper pairs
Authors: Chávez I. , García L. A. , de Llano M. , Grether M. 
Published: August 2017

Applying the generalized Bose–Einstein condensation (GBEC) formalism, we extend the BCS-Bose crossover theory by explicitly including hole Cooper pairs (2hCPs). From this follows a phase diagram with two pure phases, one with 2hCPs and the other with electron Cooper pairs (2eCPs), plus a mixed phase with arbitrary proportions of 2eCPs and 2hCPs. One has a special-case phase when there is perfect symmetry (i.e., with ideal 50–50 proportions between 2eCPs and 2hCPs). Explicitly including 2hCPs leads to an extended BCS-Bose crossover which predicts [Formula: see text] values for some well-known conventional superconductors (SCs) (i.e., assuming electron–phonon dynamics). These compare reasonably well with experimental data. We compare with experimental [Formula: see text] values for some conventional SCs associated with the new dimensionless number density [Formula: see text] with theoretical curves associated with the extended crossover for the special case of perfect symmetry. They all obey the Bogoliubov et al. upper limit, thus vindicating it.
Corresponding state-based correlations for the temperature-dependent surface tension of saturated hydrocarbons
Authors: Tian Jianxiang , Zhang Cuihua , Zhang Laibin , Zheng Mengmeng , Liu Shuzhen 
Published: August 2017

Based on the recent progresses on the corresponding state-based correlations for the temperature-dependent surface tension of saturated fluids [I. Cachadiña, A. Mulero and J. X. Tian, Fluid Phase Equilibr. 442 (2017) 68; J. X. Tian, M. M. Zheng, H. L. Yi, L. B. Zhang and S. Z. Liu, Mod. Phys. Lett. B 31 (2017) 1750110], we proposed a new correlation for saturated hydrocarbons. This correlation includes three fluid-independent parameters and inquires the critical temperature, the triple-point temperature and the surface tension at the triple-point temperature as inputs for each hydrocarbon. Results show that this correlation can reproduce NIST data with absolute average deviation (AAD) less than 1% for 10 out of 19 hydrocarbons and AAD less than 5% for 17 out of 19 hydrocarbons, clearly better than other correlations.
Association Between Sleep and Productivity Loss Among 598 676 Employees From Multiple Industries
Authors: Gingerich Stefan B. , Seaverson Erin L. D. , Anderson David R. 
Published: August 2017

Purpose: To examine the relationship between sleep habits and employee productivity. Design: Cross-sectional health risk assessment analysis. Setting: Employer-sponsored health and well-being programs. Participants: A total of 598 676 employed adults from multiple industries. Measures: Self-reported average hours of sleep, fatigue, absence days, and presenteeism. Analysis: Bivariate analyses to assess the relationships between self-reported hours of sleep and self-reported fatigue and mean and median absence and presenteeism. Results: The relationship between sleep hours and both measures of productivity was U-shaped, with the least productivity loss among employees who reported 8 hours of sleep. More daytime fatigue correlated with more absence and presenteeism. Median absence and presenteeism was consistently lower than mean absence and presenteeism, respectively, for the various hours of sleep and levels of fatigue. Conclusion: Organizations looking to expand the value of their investment in employee health and well-being should consider addressing the employee sleep habits that may be negatively impacting productivity.
Injuries in Australian Rules Football: An Overview of Injury Rates, Patterns, and Mechanisms Across All Levels of Play
Authors: Saw Richard , Finch Caroline F. , Samra David , Baquie Peter , Cardoso Tanusha , Hope Danielle , Orchard John W. 
Published: August 2017

Context: The nature of Australian rules football (Australian football) predisposes both unique and common injuries compared with those sustained in other football codes. The game involves a combination of tackling, kicking, high-speed running (more than other football codes), and jumping. Two decades of injury surveillance has identified common injuries at the professional level (Australian Football League [AFL]). Objective: To provide an overview of injuries in Australian rules football, including injury rates, patterns, and mechanisms across all levels of play. Study Design: A narrative review of AFL injuries, football injury epidemiology, and biomechanical and physiological attributes of relevant injuries. Results: The overall injury incidence in the 2015 season was 41.7 injuries per club per season, with a prevalence of 156.2 missed games per club per season. Lower limb injuries are most prevalent, with hamstring strains accounting for 19.1 missed games per club per season. Hamstring strains relate to the volume of high-speed running required in addition to at times having to collect the ball while running in a position of hip flexion and knee extension. Anterior cruciate ligament injuries are also prevalent and can result from contact and noncontact incidents. In the upper limb, shoulder sprains and dislocations account for 11.5 missed games per club per season and largely resulted from tackling and contact. Concussion is less common in AFL than other tackling sports but remains an important injury, which has notably become more prevalent in recent years, theorized to be due to a more conservative approach to management. Although there are less injury surveillance data for non-AFL players (women, community-level, children), many of these injuries appear to also be common across all levels of play. Clinical Relevance: An understanding of injury profiles and mechanisms in Australian football is crucial in identifying methods to reduce injury risk and prepare players for the demands of the game.