bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Dihydro‐1H‐indenes via a Formal (3 + 2)Cycloaddition of p‐Quinone Methides and Styrenes.
Authors: ANGLE S. R. , ARNAIZ D. O. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe addition reaction of the quinone methides (I) with the electron‐rich alkenes (II) yields the indans (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Monocarbamoylation of Symmetrical Diols with Alkyl Halides and Potassium Cyanate Using Phase‐Transfer Catalysis.
Authors: PRASHAD M. , TOMESCH J. C. , HOULIHAN W. J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractReaction of aliphatic diols such as (I) with alkyl isocyanates, generated in situ from alkyl halides such as (II) and potassium cyanate (III) under phase‐transfer conditions, yields the monourethane (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: 4H‐1,2‐Benzoxazines as Novel Precursors of o‐Benzoquinone Methide.
Authors: YATO M. , OHWADA T. , SHUDO K. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe three benzoxazines (IV), (VII), and (XI) are prepared from 1‐nitrocyclohexene (I), α‐nitrostyrene, and 2‐nitropropene, resp., according to the protocol (I) → (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: The Chemistry of 1,2,4‐Triazines. Part 14. Synthesis and Reactions of 5‐Chloro‐1,2,4‐triazines.
Authors: NEUNHOEFFER H. , REICHEL D. , CULLMANN B. , REHN I. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractCa. 25 members of the title compounds such as (II) and (IV) are prepared by chlorination of the triazinones (I) and (III); the latter are readily available from 2‐ketocarboxylic acids and amidrazones.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of β‐Carboline‐Benzodiazepine Hybrid Molecules and Their “Amputated” Analogues as Novel Ligands of the Benzodiazepine Receptor.
Authors: DELLOUVE‐COURILLON C. , DOREY G. , POISSONNET G. , DOISY X. , POTIER P. , DODD R. H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe title compounds are prepared using two different approaches (cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Hexacoordination at Silicon: The Case of Silatranes.
Authors: CARRE F. , CERVEAU G. , CHUIT C. , CORRIU R. J. P. , NAYYAR N. K. , REYE C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn order to study the possibility of intramolecular coordination at silicon by a nucleophilic atom in the silatrane structure, the two silatranes (III) and (V) are prepared and their structures determined by X‐ray analysis.
ChemInform Abstract: A Partial Statistically Incorporation of Ca2+ into the Ba6Nd2Al4O15 Type: Ba5CaLa2Fe4O15.
Authors: RUETER I. + , MUELLER‐BUSCHBAUM HK. + 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe title compound is synthesized by heating pressed pellets of BaCO3, CaCO3, La2O3, and Fe2O3 (5:1:1:2; 1. 1100 °C, 36 h; 2. >1900 °C, 45 min (CO2 laser)) and stepwise cooling.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure and Properties of Sn(II)‐β′′‐Alumina.
Authors: ROHRER G. S. , THOMAS J. O. , FARRINGTON G. C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractSingle crystals of Sn(II)‐β''‐alumina are prepared by ion‐exchange of Na‐β''‐alumina using molten anhydrous SnCl2 (400 °C, inert atmosphere, 20 min).
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient, Trimethylsilyl Triflate Mediated Conversion of Diels‐Alder Adducts of 1‐Methoxy‐3‐((trimethylsilyl)oxy)‐1,3‐butadiene (Danishefsky′s Diene) to Cyclohexenones.
Authors: VORNDAM P. E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe Diels‐Alder reaction of the title diene (I) with activated dienophiles such as (II) yields the expected cyclohexenes such as (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Approach to Pentaleno(2,1‐b:5,4‐b′)diindoles.
Authors: SAMBASIVARAO K. , HOLLINSHEAD S. , GRUBISHA D. , LAIB F. , BENNETT D. , COOK J. M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractCombined Weiss reaction and Fischer indole‐cyclization of the bicyclooctanedione (I) with phenylhydrazine (II) yield the dihydropentalenodiindole (III) which is further transformed into the N‐methyl derivative (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of 3‐Hydroxypyridine. Part 2. Synthesis of 5,6‐Dihalo‐3‐hydroxypyridines.
Authors: KOCH V. , SCHNATTERER S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe direct chlorination of the 5‐chloro‐3‐hydroxypyridine (I) yields the 2,5‐dihalo isomer (III) as the main product and only minor amounts of the desired 5,6‐dichloro derivative (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on Organophosphorus Compounds. Part 46. A Facile and Direct Route to Dialkyl 1‐(Benzyloxycarbonylamino)alkylphosphonates and Dialkyl or Diphenyl α‐(Benzyloxycarbonylamino)benzylphosphonates.
Authors: YUAN C. , WANG G. , CHEN S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe three component reaction of benzyl carbamate (I), aromatic aldehydes such as (II), and the dialkyl phosphite (III) yields the corresponding phosphonates, e.g. (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Conformational Isomers, Thermally Induced Isomerism, and Crystal Structure of cis‐Di‐isothiocyanatobis(N‐methylpropane‐1,3‐diamine)nickel(II).
Authors: MUKHERJEE A. K. , MUKHERJEE M. , RAY S. , GHOSH A. , CHAUDHURI N. R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe Ni(II) thiocyanate in MeOH with two equiv. N‐methylpropane‐1,3‐diamine leads to two isomers of the title complex depending on the reaction temperature.
ChemInform Abstract: Low‐Temperature EIS Measurements on High Tc Superconductor/Solid Electrolyte Interfaces
Authors: PINKOWSKI A. , JUETTNER K. + , LORENZ W. J. 
Published: May 2016

Abstractare carried out for the first time in the system YBa2Cu3O7‐δ/RbAg4I5 by using a two‐probe polarization technique under potentiostatic control.
ChemInform Abstract: Acid‐Catalyzed Rearrangement of Methyl (2aα,4aβ,6aβ,7bβ)‐2,2a,5,6,6a,7b‐Hexahydro‐2a‐hydroxy‐4‐me# thoxycyclo(3,4)indeno(4,5‐b)oxete‐4a(7H)‐carboxylate.
Authors: SCHULTZ A. G. , TAVERAS A. G. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe cyclohexadienone (I) is photochemically converted to the oxetane (II) which is rearranged in the presence of acids, forming the fused cyclohexenone (III).
ChemInform Abstract: 2,3‐Methano‐2,4‐didehydro‐11‐homoadamantanone: A (4.1.1)Propellanone.
Authors: MAJERSKI Z. , KOSTOV V. , HIBSER M. , MLINARIC‐MAJERSKI K. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract4‐Methylene‐2‐adamantanone (I) inserts a methylene group upon reaction with diazomethane (II) to give the homoadamantanone (III) which is then treated with methyl formate (IV), producing the hydroxymethylene derivative (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Aryl Carbohydrate Synthons and 2,3‐Dihydroxypropanoic Acid Derivatives of High Optical Purity.
Authors: MATTHEWS B. R. , JACKSON W. R. , JACOBS H. A. , WATSON K. G. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe hydroxypropanoic acids (‐)‐(XI) and analogously (‐)‐(XII), which are important synthetic intermediates of biological materials, are prepared via threo (‐)‐(VI) and erythro diol (+)‐(VII), which are synthesized in the presence of some reducing agents.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses, Antiinflammatory, and Analgesic Activities of Arylbiurets.
Authors: KAJITANI M. , YAMAZAKI T. , YAMADA S. , TANAKA M. , OGAWA K. , HONNA T. , MIYAKE H. , YABUUCHI T. , FUJIMURA H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe target compounds are prepared by four different pathways.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,2‐Addition of Dimethyl(phenyl)silyllithium to Cyclic α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones and Regiospecific Generation of Cyclic Silyl Enol Ethers Through Brook Rearrangement of the 1,2‐Addition Products.
Authors: KOREEDA M. , KOO S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractReaction of the cyclohexenones (I) with dimethylphenylsilyllithium (II) gives the carbinols (III) which rearrange in the presence of NaH to produce the silyl enol ether (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Benzylideneaminopyrazoles and Bispyrazolopyridines.
Authors: HENNIG L. , HOFMANN J. , ALVA‐ASTUDILLO M. , MANN G. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe aminopyrazoles (I) react with aromatic aldehydes in a 1:1 molar ratio to give azomethines of type (III) (13 examples).
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Carbonyl Oxides and Thioketones. (3 + 2)Cycloaddition vs. Oxygen Atom Transfer.
Authors: TABUCHI T. , NOJIMA M. , KUSABAYASHI S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe vinylic ethers (I) react with adamantanethione (II) and ozone to yield the thioozonides (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Regio‐ and Stereoselectivity of the Electrophilic Quaternization of (2‐Allyl(2‐cyclohexen‐1‐yl)thio)nicotinic Acid Derivatives into Thiazolo(3,2‐a)pyridinium Salts.
Authors: SHESTOPALOV A. M. , RODINOVSKAYA L. A. , SHARANIN YU. A. , LITVINOV V. P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe pyridinethione (I) is coupled with allyl bromide (IIa) or 3‐bromocyclohexene (IIb) to give the thioethers (III) which are converted to the thiazolopyridinium trihalides (IV) and (VI) upon reaction with elemental bromine or iodine.
ChemInform Abstract: Quinolizine and Indolizine. Part 17. 2‐Hydroxyquinolizin‐4‐ones with Antimycobacterial Activity.
Authors: DANNHARDT G. , KAPPE T. , MEINDL W. , SCHOBER B. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractCyclocondensation of the 2‐pyridylacetate (I) with the activated malonates (II) yields the 2‐hydroxy‐4‐oxo‐1‐quinolizinecarboxylates (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 4,5,6,7‐Tetraphenyl‐8‐(substituted)‐3(2H)‐phthalazinone Derivatives Likely to Possess Antihypertensive Activity.
Authors: YASSIN F. A. , BAYOUMY B. E. , EL‐FARARGY A. F. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractSome new phthalazinones such as (III) are prepared in order to test their antihypertensive activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Several New Benzo‐, Naphtho‐ and Quinolino‐1,4‐thiazine and ‐1,5‐thiazepine Derivatives.
Authors: AMBROGI V. , GRANDOLINI G. , PERIOLI L. , RICCI M. , ROSSI C. , TUTTOBELLO L. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTitle compounds of type (III), (V), (VII) and (IX) and several thiosemicarbazone and phenylthiosemicarbazone analogues are evaluated for antimicrobial activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Polyazaphosphorus Macrocycles. Synthetic Approaches to Symmetric or Dissymmetric 18‐, 20‐, 22‐, and 30‐Membered Rings.
Authors: BADRI M. , MAJORAL J.‐P. , CAMINADE A.‐M. , DELMAS M. , GASET A. , GORGUES A. , JAUD J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractHigh‐yield synthetic routes to sym., functionalized or unfunctionalized 18‐, 20‐, 22‐, or 30‐membered rings containing P‐N‐N linkages are reported as shown for (III) and (IV) via (1 + 1), (2 + 2) or (3 + 3) condensation reactions involving phosphodihydrazides and 1,2‐, 1,3‐ or 1,4‐dialdehydes.
ChemInform Abstract: Six‐ and Seven‐Coordinate Manganese(II) Complexes of Schiff‐Base Ligands Derived from the Condensation of 2,6‐Diacetylpyridine with Ethanolamine (L1) or Propanolamine (L2); X‐Ray Crystal Structures of (MnL1Cl2)·H2O and ((MnL2(NCS)2)x).
Authors: BROOKER S. , MCKEE V. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe complex (VIa) crystallizes in P1 with Z=2, the compounds (VIb) with analogous structures are prepared using Mn perchlorate followed by anion metathesis in yields of 65 and 55%.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterizations of Two Novel Heterometallic Trinuclear Incomplete Cubane‐Like Clusters ((CH3CH2)4N)(M2CuS4)(S2C2H4)2(PPh3) (M: Mo, W).
Authors: ZHU N. , ZHENG Y. , WU X. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe title complexes are prepared by a known unit‐construction method (yields not given).
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Properties of Highly Doped Single Crystals of p‐CdSiAs2.
Authors: RUD' V. YU. , RUD' YU. V. , SERGINOV M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractGallium‐doped single crystals of the title compound are prepared from CdAs, SiAs and GaAs by crystallization from non‐stoichiometric melts.
ChemInform Abstract: Systematic Design of Chemical Oscillators. Part 63. Large Amplitude pH Oscillation in the Oxidation of Hydroxylamine by Iodate in a Continuous‐Flow Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR).
Authors: RABAI G. , EPSTEIN I. R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractLarge amplitude pH oscillation with an oscillatory period of 2‐6 h occurs in the IO3‐‐NH2OH reaction in a CSTR in a narrow range of flow rates and input concentrations.
ChemInform Abstract: Enhanced Oxygen Storage Capacity of Cerium Oxides in CeO2/La2O3/Al2O3 Containing Precious Metals.
Authors: MIKI T. , OGAWA T. , HANEDA M. , KAKUTA N. , UENO A. , TATEISHI S. , MATSUURA S. , SATO M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPt/Rh‐modified CeO2/Al2O3 and CeO2/La2O3/Al2O3 catalysts prepared by impregnation with an aqueous solution of H4PtCl6 and RhCl3 are found to have larger oxygen storage capacities (OSC) than the corresponding unmodified catalysts.
ChemInform Abstract: Evidence for Branching of Long‐Chain n‐Alkanes via Protonated Cycloalkanes Larger than Cyclopropane.
Authors: MARTENS J. A. , JACOBS P. A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe branching of alkanes such as (I) leads to methyl isomers (III)‐(V) and 3‐alkyl derivatives such as (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Route to the 4‐Anilido‐4‐(methoxycarbonyl)piperidine Class of Analgetics.
Authors: FELDMAN P. L. , BRACKEEN M. F. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractReaction of the piperidone (I) with trimethylsilyl cyanide (II) and aniline (III) gives the anilino nitrile (IV) which is coupled with chlorosulfonyl isocyanate (V) and cyclized to produce the hydantoin (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Amphiphilic Carbohydrate‐Based Mesogens. Part 5. Mesogenic 1‐O‐Alkyl‐D‐glucitols from Alkyl D‐Glucopyranosides.
Authors: DAHLHOFF W. V. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTitle compounds such as (II) are prepared by a simple one‐pot procedure via selective hydroboration of the endocyclic acetal bond.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and 11B NMR Spectra of the Perhalogenated closo‐Hexaborates B6XnY2‐ 6‐n, n = 0‐6; X ≠ Y: Cl, Br, I.
Authors: PREETZ W. , STALLBAUM M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe mixed halogenohexaborates (B6XnY6‐n)2‐ (X ≠ Y: Cl, Br, I; n = 1‐5) including most of the pure stereoisomers for n = 2‐4 are prepared by treatment of (B6XnH6‐n)2‐ (X: Cl, Br) with N‐bromosuccinimide or I2/KI in aqueous NaOH solution (pH 7‐9, 0 °C, precipitation as NBu4+ salts, 40‐50% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Coordinational Behavior of Solvent‐Free Diorganylzinc Compounds: The Remarkable X‐Ray Structure of Dimeric Diphenylzinc.
Authors: MARKIES P. R. , SCHAT G. , AKKERMAN O. S. , BICKELHAUPT F. , SMEETS W. J. J. , SPEK A. L. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWith a view to understanding reactions in which organozinc compounds are used as intermediates in organic synthesis or as alkylation agents, the structure and properties of organozinc compounds are needed.
ChemInform Abstract: Acid‐Catalysed Rearrangement of the Diels‐Alder Adducts of Activated Quinones.
Authors: FARINA F. , PAREDES M. C. , VALDERRAMA J. A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWhen the Diels‐Alder adduct (I) is treated with 8 M HCl the products (II) are obtained, whereas with 1.3 M HCl (Ia) and (Ic) yield the alcohols (IIIa) and (IIIb).
ChemInform Abstract: Furan Derivatives. Part 12. Synthesis of 2,5‐Dioxacyclohepta(jkl)‐as‐indacenes.
Authors: HORAGUCHI T. , MIYAZAWA K. , HASEGAWA E. , SHIMIZU T. , SUZUKI T. , TANEMURA K. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe esters (I) and (V) are transformed to the title compounds using method A) or B).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Crystal Structures of 4‐Amino‐3‐methyl‐1,4‐dihydro‐1,2,4‐triazole‐5‐thione, Dichloro(4‐amino‐3‐methyl‐1,4‐dihydro‐1,2,4‐triazole‐5‐thione)copper(II) Monohydrate, and catena‐Di‐μ‐chloro‐μ‐(4‐amino‐3‐methyl‐1,2,4‐triazole‐N1,N2)copper(II). An Example of Desulfuration Promoted by Copper(II).
Authors: BIGOLI F. , LANFRANCHI M. , PELLINGHELLI M. A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractCompound (I) is prepared and its complexation behavior with CuCl2 is investigated.
Synthesis of Novel Chiral Sulfonamide‐Bearing 1,2,4‐Triazole‐3‐thione Analogs Derived fromD‐andL‐Phenylalanine Esters as Potential Anti‐Influenza Agents
Authors: Başaran Eyüp , Karaküçük‐Iyidoğan Ayşegül , Schols Dominique , Oruç‐Emre Emine Elçin 
Published: May 2016

AbstractNovel enantiopure 1,2,4‐trizole‐3‐thiones containing a benzensulfonamide moiety were synthesized via multistep reaction sequence starting withD‐phenylalanine methyl ester andL‐phenylalanine ethyl ester as a source of chirality. The chemical structures of all compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, UV, IR,1H NMR,13C NMR, 2D NMR (HETCOR), and mass spectral data. All compounds were tested in vitro antiviral activity against a broad variety of DNA and RNA viruses and in vitro cytostatic activity against murine leukemia (L1210), human T‐lymphocyte (CEM) and human cervix carcinoma (HeLa) cell lines. Although enantiopure 1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐thione analogs in (R) configuration emerged as promising anti‐influenza A H1N1 subtype in Madin Darby canine kidney cell cultures (MDCK), their enantiomers exhibited no activity. Especially compounds18a,21a,22a,23a, and24a(EC50: 6.5, 6.1, 2.4, 1.6, 1.7 μM, respectively) had excellent activity against influenza A H1N1 subtype compared to the reference drug ribavirin (EC50: 8.0 μM). Several compounds have been found to inhibit proliferation of L1210, CEM and HeLa cell cultures with IC50in the 12–53 μM range. Compound5aand27ain (R) configuration were the most active compounds (IC50: 12–22 μM for5aand IC50: 19–23 μM for27a).Chirality 28:495–513, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dependence of Excited‐State Properties of a Low‐Bandgap Photovoltaic Copolymer on Side‐Chain Substitution and Solvent
Authors: Zhao Ning‐Jiu , Zhang Mao‐Jie , Liang Ran , Fu Li‐Min , Zhang Wei , Ai Xi‐Cheng , Hou Jian‐Hui , Zhang Jian‐Ping 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe excited‐state properties and chain conformations of a new low‐bandgap copolymer based on benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene (BDT) and thieno[3,4‐b]thiophene with meta‐alkoxyphenyl‐substituted side chains in solution were investigated comprehensively. Time‐resolved spectroscopy suggested that the excited‐state properties were sensitive to the conformations of the copolymer in solution. In addition, excited‐state dynamics analyses revealed the photogeneration of triplet excited states by intersystem crossing (ISC) at a rate constant of ∼0.4×109 s−1 as a result of direct meta‐alkoxyphenyl connection to the donor unit BDT irrespective to the macromolecular conformations. According to El‐Sayed's rule, the fast ISC herein is correlated with the change of orbital types between singlet and triplet excited states as also shown by quantum chemical calculations. Our studies may shed light on the structure–property relationships of photovoltaic materials.
The effect of diet and time after bacterial infection on fecundity, resistance, and tolerance in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Kutzer Megan A. M. , Armitage Sophie A. O. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMounting and maintaining an effective immune response in the face of infection can be costly. The outcome of infection depends on two host immune strategies: resistance and tolerance. Resistance limits pathogen load, while tolerance reduces the fitness impact of an infection. While resistance strategies are well studied, tolerance has received less attention, but is now considered to play a vital role in host–pathogen interactions in animals. A major challenge in ecoimmunology is to understand how some hosts maintain their fitness when infected while others succumb to infection, as well as how extrinsic, environmental factors, such as diet, affect defense. We tested whether dietary restriction through yeast (protein) limitation affects resistance, tolerance, and fecundity in Drosophila melanogaster. We predicted that protein restriction would reveal costs of infection. Because infectious diseases are not always lethal, we tested resistance and tolerance using two bacteria with low lethality: Escherichia coli and Lactococcus lactis. We then assayed fecundity and characterized bacterial infection pathology in individual flies at two acute phase time points after infection. As expected, our four fecundity measures all showed a negative effect of a low‐protein diet, but contrary to predictions, diet did not affect resistance to either bacteria species. We found evidence for diet‐induced and time‐dependent variation in host tolerance to E. coli, but not to L. lactis. Furthermore, the two bacteria species exhibited remarkably different infection profiles, and persisted within the flies for at least 7 days postinfection. Our results show that acute phase infections do not necessarily lead to fecundity costs despite high bacterial loads. The influence of intrinsic variables such as genotype are the prevailing factors that have been studied in relation to variation in host tolerance, but here we show that extrinsic factors should also be considered for their role in influencing tolerance strategies.
Habitat, predators, and hosts regulate disease in Daphnia through direct and indirect pathways
Authors: Strauss Alexander T. , Shocket Marta S. , Civitello David J. , Hite Jessica L. , Penczykowski Rachel M. , Duffy Meghan A. , Cáceres Carla E. , Hall Spencer R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractCommunity ecology can link habitat to disease via interactions among habitat, focal hosts, other hosts, their parasites, and predators. However, complicated food web interactions (i.e., trophic interactions among predators and their impacts on host density and diversity) often obscure the important pathways regulating disease. Here, we disentangle community drivers in a case study of planktonic disease, using a two‐step approach. In step one, we tested univariate field patterns linking community interactions directly to two disease metrics. Density of focal hosts (Daphnia dentifera) was related to density but not prevalence of fungal (Metschnikowia bicuspidata) infections. Both disease metrics appeared to be driven by selective predators that cull infected hosts (fish, e.g., Lepomis macrochirus), sloppy predators that spread parasites while feeding (midges, Chaoborus punctipennis), and spore predators that reduce contact between focal hosts and parasites (other zooplankton, especially small‐bodied Ceriodaphnia sp.). Host diversity also negatively correlated with disease, suggesting a dilution effect. However, several of these univariate patterns were initially misleading, due to confounding ecological links among habitat, predators, host density, and host diversity. In step two, path models uncovered and explained these misleading patterns, and grounded them in habitat structure (refuge size). First, rather than directly reducing infection prevalence, fish predation drove disease indirectly through changes in density of midges and frequency of small spore predators (which became more frequent in lakes with small refuges). Second, small spore predators drove the two disease metrics through fundamentally different pathways: they directly reduced infection prevalence, but indirectly reduced density of infected hosts by lowering density of focal hosts (likely via competition). Third, the univariate diversity–disease pattern (signaling a dilution effect) merely reflected the confounding direct effects of these small spore predators. Diversity per se had no effect on disease, after accounting for the links between small spore predators, diversity, and infection prevalence. In turn, these small spore predators were regulated by both size‐selective fish predation and refuge size. Thus, path models not only explain each of these surprising results, but also trace their origins back to habitat structure.