bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phase-Retrieved Tomography enables Mesoscopic imaging of Opaque Tumor Spheroids
Authors: Ancora Daniele , Di Battista Diego , Giasafaki Georgia , Psycharakis Stylianos E. , Liapis Evangelos , Ripoll Jorge , Zacharakis Giannis 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe present a new Phase-Retrieved Tomography (PRT) method to radically improve mesoscopic imaging at regimes beyond one transport mean-free-path and achieve high resolution, uniformly throughout the volume of opaque samples. The method exploits multi-view acquisition in a hybrid Selective Plane Illumination Microscope (SPIM) and Optical Projection Tomography (OPT) setup and a three-dimensional Gerchberg-Saxton phase-retrieval algorithm applied in 3D through the autocorrelation sinogram. We have successfully applied this innovative protocol to image optically dense 3D cell cultures in the form of tumor spheroids, highly versatile models to study cancer behavior and response to chemotherapy. We have thus achieved a significant improvement of resolution in depths not yet accessible with the currently used methods in SPIM/OPT, while overcoming all registration and alignment problems inherent to these techniques.
RecA-SSB Interaction Modulates RecA Nucleoprotein Filament Formation on SSB-Wrapped DNA
Authors: Wu Hung-Yi , Lu Chih-Hao , Li Hung-Wen 
Published: September 2017

AbstractE. coli RecA recombinase catalyzes the homology pairing and strand exchange reactions in homologous recombinational repair. RecA must compete with single-stranded DNA binding proteins (SSB) for single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) substrates to form RecA nucleoprotein filaments, as the first step of this repair process. It has been suggested that RecA filaments assemble mainly by binding and extending onto the free ssDNA region not covered by SSB, or are assisted by mediators. Using the tethered particle motion (TPM) technique, we monitored individual RecA filament assembly on SSB-wrapped ssDNA in real-time. Nucleation times of the RecA E38K nucleoprotein filament assembly showed no apparent dependence among DNA substrates with various ssDNA gap lengths (from 60 to 100 nucleotides) wrapped by one SSB in the (SSB)65 binding mode. Our data have shown an unexpected RecA filament assembly mechanism in which a RecA-SSB-ssDNA interaction exists. Four additional pieces of evidence support our claim: the nucleation times of the RecA assembly varied (1) when DNA substrates contained different numbers of bound SSB tetramers; (2) when the SSB wrapping mode conversion is induced; (3) when SSB C-terminus truncation mutants are used; and (4) when an excess of C-terminal peptide of SSB is present. Thus, a RecA-SSB interaction should be included in discussing RecA regulatory mechanism.
Efficient and controlled domain wall nucleation for magnetic shift registers
Authors: Alejos Oscar , Raposo Víctor , Sanchez-Tejerina Luis , Martinez Eduardo 
Published: September 2017

AbstractUltrathin ferromagnetic strips with high perpendicular anisotropy have been proposed for the development of memory devices where the information is coded in tiny domains separated by domain walls. The design of practical devices requires creating, manipulating and detecting domain walls in ferromagnetic strips. Recent observations have shown highly efficient current-driven domain wall dynamics in multilayers lacking structural symmetry, where the walls adopt a chiral structure and can be driven at high velocities. However, putting such a device into practice requires the continuous and synchronous injection of domain walls as the first step. Here, we propose and demonstrate an efficient and simple scheme for nucleating domain walls using the symmetry of the spin orbit torques. Trains of short sub-nanosecond current pulses are injected in a double bit line to generate a localized longitudinal Oersted field in the ferromagnetic strip. Simultaneously, other current pulses are injected through the heavy metal under the ferromagnetic strip. Notably, the Slonczewski-like spin orbit torque assisted by the Oersted field allows the controlled injection of a series of domain walls, giving rise to a controlled manner for writing binary information and, consequently, to the design of a simple and efficient domain wall shift register.
Genome characterization of two bile-isolated Vibrio fluvialis strains: an insight into pathogenicity and bile salt adaption
Authors: Zheng Beiwen , Jiang Xiawei , Cheng Hong , Guo Lihua , Zhang Jing , Xu Hao , Yu Xiao , Huang Chen , Ji Jinru , Ying Chaoqun , Feng Youjun , Xiao Yonghong , Li Lanjuan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractVibrio fluvialis is recognized as an emerging pathogen. However, not much is known about the mechanism of its pathogenesis, and its adaptation to a special niche such as the gall bladder. Here we describe two V. fluvialis strains that cause acute cholecystitis. It is noteworthy that both strains were susceptible to all antibiotics tested, which is in contrast to previous studies, suggesting substantial genetic diversity among V. fluvialis isolates. In agreement with their survival and growth in the gall bladder, the genomes of strains 12605 and 3663 contain a considerable number of genes that confer resistance to bile, including toxR, ompU, tolC, cmeABC, rlpB, yrbK, rpoS, damX and gltK. Furthermore, integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs), virulence factors and prophage regions were also detected in strains 12605 and 3663, reflecting their flexibility in recombination during the evolution of pathogenicity. Comparative analysis of nine available genomes of V. fluvialis revealed a core genome consisting of 3,147 genes. Our results highlight the association of V. fluvialis with a rare disease profile and shed light on the evolution of pathogenesis and niche adaptation of V. fluvialis.
The phosphorylation of a kinetochore protein Dam1 by Aurora B/Ipl1 kinase promotes chromosome bipolar attachment in yeast
Authors: Jin Fengzhi , Bokros Michael , Wang Yanchang 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe interaction between chromosomes and spindle microtubules is essential for chromosome segregation. The kinetochore complex mediates this interaction. Previous studies indicate that the stability of kinetochore attachment is regulated by Aurora B/Ipl1 kinase and this regulation is conserved from yeast to mammalian cells. In budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the ten-subunit Dam1/DASH complex bridges the interaction between kinetochores and microtubules, and some in vitro evidence indicates that the phosphorylation of Dam1 protein by Ipl1 kinase destabilizes this interaction. However, it is not clear if Dam1 phosphorylation is sufficient to regulate the stability of kinetochore attachment in vivo. Also, the significance of this regulation in response to chromosome detachment has not been fully investigated. Here we report that phospho-deficient dam1-3A mutants show stabilized kinetochore-microtubule attachment in vivo. This significantly delays the establishment of chromosome bipolar attachment after the disruption of kinetochore-microtubule interaction by a microtubule depolymerizing drug nocodazole. Moreover, dam1-3A cells show dramatic chromosome mis-segregation after treatment with nocodazole, presumably due to the combination of compromised bipolar attachment and premature spindle assembly checkpoint silencing in the mutant cells. Therefore, the regulation of Dam1 phosphorylation imposed by Ipl1 kinase is critical for faithful chromosome segregation.
Effects of anti-epileptic drugs on spreading depolarization-induced epileptiform activity in mouse hippocampal slices
Authors: Lin Ching-Huei , Hsu Shih-Pin , Cheng Ting-Chun , Huang Chin-Wei , Chiang Yao-Chang , Hsiao I-Han , Lee Ming-Hsueh , Shen Mei-Lin , Wu Dong Chuan , Zhou Ning 
Published: September 2017

AbstractEpilepsy and spreading depolarization (SD) are both episodic brain disorders and often exist together in the same individual. In CA1 pyramidal neurons of mouse hippocampal slices, induction of SD evoked epileptiform activities, including the ictal-like bursts, which occurred during the repolarizing phase of SD, and the subsequent generation of paroxysmal depolarization shifts (PDSs), which are characterized by mild depolarization plateau with overriding spikes. The duration of the ictal-like activity was correlated with both the recovery time and the depolarization potential of SD, whereas the parameters of PDSs were not significantly correlated with the parameters of SD. Moreover, we systematically evaluated the effects of multiple anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) on SD-induced epileptiform activity. Among the drugs that are known to inhibit voltage-gated sodium channels, carbamazepine, phenytoin, valproate, lamotrigine, and zonisamide reduced the frequency of PDSs and the overriding firing bursts in 20–25 min after the induction of SD. The GABA uptake inhibitor tiagabine exhibited moderate effects and partially limited the incidence of PDSs after SD. AEDs including gabapentin, levetiracetam, ethosuximide, felbamate, and vigabatrin, had no significant effect on SD-induced epileptic activity. Taken together, these results demonstrate the effects of AEDs on SD and the related epileptiform activity at the cellular level.
Drug release from core-shell PVA/silk fibroin nanoparticles fabricated by one-step electrospraying
Authors: Cao Yang , Liu Fengqiu , Chen Yuli , Yu Tao , Lou Deshuai , Guo Yuan , Li Pan , Wang Zhigang , Ran Haitao 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSilk fibroin (SF), a FDA-approved natural protein, is renowned for its great biocompatibility, biodegradability, and mechanical properties. SF-based nanoparticles provide new options for drug delivery with their tunable drug loading and release properties. To take advantage of the features of carrier polymers, we present a one-step electrospraying method that combines SF, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and therapeutic drugs without an emulsion process. A distinct core-shell structure was obtained with the PVA core and silk shell after the system was properly set up. The model drug, doxorubicin, was encapsulated in the core with a greater than 90% drug encapsulation efficiency. Controllable drug release profiles were achieved by alternating the PVA/SF ratio. Although the initial burst release of the drug was minimized by the SF coating, a large number of drug molecules remained entrapped by the carrier polymers. To promote and trigger drug release on demand, low intensity focused ultrasound (US) was applied. The US was especially advantageous for accelerating the drug diffusion and release. The apoptotic activity of MDA-MB-231 cells incubated with drug-loaded nanoparticles was found to increase with time. In addition, we also observed PVA/SF nanoparticles that could elicit a drug release in response to pH.
Measuring the role of seagrasses in regulating sediment surface elevation
Authors: Potouroglou Maria , Bull James C. , Krauss Ken W. , Kennedy Hilary A. , Fusi Marco , Daffonchio Daniele , Mangora Mwita M. , Githaiga Michael N. , Diele Karen , Huxham Mark 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSeagrass meadows provide numerous ecosystem services and their rapid global loss may reduce human welfare as well as ecological integrity. In common with the other ‘blue carbon’ habitats (mangroves and tidal marshes) seagrasses are thought to provide coastal defence and encourage sediment stabilisation and surface elevation. A sophisticated understanding of sediment elevation dynamics in mangroves and tidal marshes has been gained by monitoring a wide range of different sites, located in varying hydrogeomorphological conditions over long periods. In contrast, similar evidence for seagrasses is sparse; the present study is a contribution towards filling this gap. Surface elevation change pins were deployed in four locations, Scotland, Kenya, Tanzania and Saudi Arabia, in both seagrass and unvegetated control plots in the low intertidal and shallow subtidal zone. The presence of seagrass had a highly significant, positive impact on surface elevation at all sites. Combined data from the current work and the literature show an average difference of 31 mm per year in elevation rates between vegetated and unvegetated areas, which emphasizes the important contribution of seagrass in facilitating sediment surface elevation and reducing erosion. This paper presents the first multi-site study for sediment surface elevation in seagrasses in different settings and species.
Multiple origins for the DLA at zabs = 0.313 toward PKS 1127–145 indicated by a complex dust depletion pattern of Ca, Ti, and Mn
Authors: Guber C. R. , Richter P. , Wendt M. 
Published: September 2017

Aims. We aim to investigate the dust depletion properties of optically thick gas in and around galaxies and its origin we study in detail the dust depletion patterns of Ti, Mn, and Ca in the multi-component damped Lymanα (DLA) absorber at zabs = 0.313 toward the quasar PKS 1127−145.
Methods. We performed a detailed spectral analysis of the absorption profiles of Ca ii, Mn ii, Ti ii, and Na i associated with the DLA toward PKS 1127−145, based on optical high-resolution data obtained with the UVES instrument at the Very Large Telescope. We obtained column densities and Doppler-parameters for the ions listed above and determine their gas-phase abundances, from which we conclude on their dust depletion properties. We compared the Ca and Ti depletion properties of this DLA with that of other DLAs.
Results. One of the six analyzed absorption components (component 3) shows a striking underabundance of Ti and Mn in the gas-phase, indicating the effect of dust depletion for these elements and a locally enhanced dust-to-gas ratio. In this DLA and in other similar absorbers, the Mn ii abundance follows that of Ti ii very closely, implying that both ions are equally sensitive to the dust depletion effects.
Conclusions. Our analysis indicates that the DLA toward PKS 1127−145 has multiple origins. With its narrow line width and its strong dust depletion, component 3 points toward the presence of a neutral gas disk from a faint LSB galaxy in front of PKS 1127−145, while the other, more diffuse and dust-poor, absorption components possibly are related to tidal gas features from the interaction between the various, optically confirmed galaxy-group members. In general, the Mn/Ca ii ratio in sub-DLAs and DLAs possibly serves as an important indicator to discriminate between dust-rich and dust-poor in neutral gas in and around galaxies.
Organinteraktionen: Herz und Niere
Authors: Salleck Daniel , John Stefan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe interactions between heart and kidney are various and of clinical relevance. Worsening of one organ often influences the function of the other. With NYHA and KDIGO we have classification systems for heart and kidney failure and those should be used for cardiorenal systems as well. Furthermore there is a useful classification system for cardiorenal syndromes itself. Cardiorenal syndrome is a complex illness which should be treated by interdisciplinary medical teams. A key roll in pathophysiology is the renin-angiotensin-aldosteron-system (RAAS). It's activation is followed by an increased salt and water retention as well as increased systemic an renal vasoconstriction leading to hypervolaemia an left ventricular hyperthrophy. General recommendations for the prevention of cardiovascular disease are good for the prevention of cardiorenal syndromes as well. RAAS-blockers should be used to stop cardial remodelling. A good regulation of hypertension and diabetes is important. Most important is a balanced intravasal volume. With volume overload negative balances can improve renal perfusion and therefor renal function. The furosemide stress test is a good cinical tool to check wether there is appropriate urine excretion and if volume overload can be treated by loop diuretics. Preload reduction can reduce cardiac output ahd renal function can be worsened especially in the beginning of overload-reduction. This may be acceptable.
IgG4-assoziierte Erkrankungen und Autoimmunpankreatitis
Authors: Backhus Johanna , Seufferlein Thomas , Kleger Alexander 
Published: September 2017

ZusammenfassungDer Begriff IgG4-assoziierte Erkrankung bezeichnet eine chronisch inflammatorische Systemerkrankung, die aufgrund ihres variablen klinischen Verlaufs über viele Jahre hinweg einzelnen Organsystemen zugeschrieben wurde. Die Autoimmunpankreatitis stellt die am besten charakterisierte Organmanifestation einer IgG4-assoziierten Erkrankung dar. Makroskopisch zeichnet sich die facettenreiche Erkrankung entweder durch eine diffuse Organschwellung oder durch Ausbildung pseudotumoröser Raumforderungen aus. Das histopathologische Korrelat ist ein lymphoplasmazelluläres Infiltrat mit IgG4+-Plasmazellen, das über einen komplexen autoimmunvermittelten Prozess letztlich zu den histologischen Stigmata storiforme Fibrose und obliterierende Phlebitis führt. Die Pathogenese der IgG4-assoziierten Erkrankung ist noch nicht vollständig geklärt, eine zentrale Rolle der IgG4+-Plasmazellen zeichnet sich ab. Als Therapie der Wahl zur Remissionsinduktion, aber auch zur Erhaltungstherapie haben sich Glukokortikoide etabliert. Biologika wie der Anti-CD20-Antikörper Rituximab rücken vor allem bei steroidrefraktären Verläufen und steroidassoziierten Nebenwirkung immer mehr in den Mittelpunkt. Eine unzureichende Therapie kann beim Fortschreiten der Erkrankung zum Funktionsverlust der betroffenen Organe führen.
Standards in der klinischen Medizin
Authors: Miljak Tomislav , Zaar Peter 
Published: September 2017

AbstractStandard operating procedures (SOP) in hospital care have the potential to improve treatment quality and transparency. However, after arriving at the decision to generate a SOP for the own hospital or ward, the upcoming question is often, how to start?The present article tries to give some interdisciplinary guidance about reasonable structures and contents of SOPs that could be understood as a basic matrix for individual work.
Besonderheiten der Arzneimitteltherapie bei Niereninsuffizienz
Authors: Nieber Karen 
Published: September 2017

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGVielen Fragen zur geschlechtsspezifischen Anwendung von Pharmaka bei Patienten mit Niereninsuffizienz sind noch nicht beantwortet. Es gibt
einige wesentliche biologische Unterschiede zwischen Mann und Frau in Bezug auf die Nierengesundheit. Insbesondere bei älteren Frauen macht
sich die geringere Filterleistung der Nieren bemerkbar. Wenn Medikamente z. B. gegen Bluthochdruck, Herzinsuffizienz oder bei Auftreten
eines Diabetes mellitus in gleicher Dosierung für beide Geschlechter verabreicht werden, kann dies für diese Patientinnen negative Folgen
haben. In jedem Fall sollte bei Frauen ab 70 Jahren die Dosis von Medikamenten, die bevorzugt über die Nieren ausgeschieden werden,
überprüft und ggf. reduziert werden. So kann nicht nur das insgesamt bei Frauen erhöhte Risiko unerwünschter Arzneimittelwirkungen reduziert
werden, sondern auch geschlechtsspezifischen Unterschieden im Ansprechen auf eine Pharmakotherapie Rechnung getragen werden. Mit Ausnahme
der Kardiologie gibt es allerdings keine in den internationalen Leitlinien verankerten geschlechtsspezifischen Aspekte in der
Arzneimitteltherapie.
Kosten endoskopischer Leistungen der Gastroenterologie im deutschen DRG-System – 5-Jahres-Kostendatenanalyse des DGVS-Projekts
Authors: Rathmayer Markus , Heinlein Wolfgang , Reiß Claudia , Albert Jörg , Akoglu Bora , Braun Martin , Brechmann Thorsten , Gölder Stefan , Lankisch Tim , Messmann Helmut , Schneider Arne , Wagner Martin , Dollhopf Markus , Gundling Felix , Röhling Michael , Haag Cornelie , Dohle Ines , Werner Sven , Lammert Frank , Fleßa Steffen , Wilke Michael , Schepp Wolfgang , Lerch Markus ,   für die DRG-Projektgruppe der DGVS
Published: September 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund In der Abrechnungssystematik der deutschen Krankenhäuser (G-DRG-System) sind endoskopische Leistungen in der Kostenstellengruppe 8 gesondert ausgewiesen. Für die interne Leistungsverrechnung oder die Erstattung externer Anbieter werden häufig noch wenig aktuelle oder unvollständige Kataloge wie DKG-NT oder GOÄ verwendet. Wir haben die Kosten endoskopischer Leistungen im DRG-System ermittelt.
Methodik Zur Erfassung endoskopischer Leistungen wurden der DGVS von 74 Kalkulationskrankenhäusern des Instituts für das Entgeltsystem im Krankenhaus (InEK) die kompletten gastroenterologischen Kostendatensätze (2011 – 2015; § 21 KHEntgG) anonymisiert überlassen (4873 809 Falldatensätze). Aus Fällen mit nur genau einer Endoskopie (n = 274 186) wurden die mittleren Kosten für 46 endoskopische Leistungsgruppen aus 5 Jahren ermittelt.
Ergebnisse Es wurden belastbare Kostenwerte errechnet mit einer Spanne, die von 230,56 € für die Gastroskopie (n = 144 666), über die einfache Koloskopie (276,23 €, n = 32 294) bis zur ERCP mit Papillotomie und Kunststoffstenteinlage (844,07 €, n = 10 150) oder zur ERCP mit Einlage eines selbstexpandierenden Metallgitterstents (1602,37 €, n = 967) reichte. Höhere Kosten für Universitätsklinika fanden sich vor allem bei komplexen Leistungen.
Diskussion Der Kostenkatalog endoskopischer Leistungen, der anhand der § 21 KHEntgG Datensätze von 74 Kalkulationskrankenhäusern des InEK errechnet wurde, erlaubt erstmals eine Abschätzung von realen Endoskopiekosten im Krankenhaus. Die höheren Kosten in Universitätsklinika sind am ehesten durch einen „referral bias“ für komplexe Fälle und Eingriffe im Nacht- und Notdienst zu erklären. Für 46 endoskopische Leistungsgruppen ist jetzt eine sachgerechtere Zuordnung der Kosten im DRG-System möglich. Im internationalen Vergleich sind die Kosten der Endoskopie in deutschen Krankenhäusern niedrig, was entweder in höherer Effizienz, geringerer Personalausstattung oder unvollständiger Kostendokumentation begründet ist.
Developmental evidence for continuity from action to gesture to sign/word
Authors: Volterra Virginia , Capirci Olga , Caselli Maria Cristina , Rinaldi Pasquale , Sparaci Laura 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
What is linguistic communication and what is it not? Even if we often convey meanings through visible bodily actions, these are rarely considered part of human language. However, co-verbal gestures have compositional structure and semantic significance, while highly iconic structures are essential in sign languages. This paper offers a review of major studies conducted in our lab on the continuity from actions to gestures to words/signs in development. After a brief introduction, we show how gestures may bridge the gap between actions and words and how this interrelationship extends beyond early childhood and across cultures. We stress the role of sign language and multimodal communication in the study of language as a form of action and present recent research on motoric aspects of human communication. Studying the visible actions of speakers and signers leads to a revision of the traditional dichotomy between linguistic and enacted, and to the development of a new approach to embodied language.
CRISPR-RT: a web application for designing CRISPR-C2c2 crRNA with improved target specificity
Authors: Zhu Houxiang , Richmond Emily , Liang Chun 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Summary
CRISPR-Cas systems have been successfully applied in genome editing. Recently, the CRISPR-C2c2 system has been reported as a tool for RNA editing. Here we describe CRISPR-RT (CRISPR RNA-Targeting), the first web application to help biologists design crRNAs with improved target specificity for the CRISPR-C2c2 system. CRISPR-RT allows users to set up a wide range of parameters, making it highly flexible for current and future research in CRISPR-based RNA editing. CRISPR-RT covers major model organisms and can be easily extended to cover other species. CRISPR-RT will empower researchers in RNA editing.

Availability and implementation
Freely available at http://bioinfolab.miamioh.edu/CRISPR-RT.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.