bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Framework for Evaluating the Impact of Advanced Practice Nursing Roles
Authors: Bryant‐Lukosius Denise , Spichiger Elisabeth , Martin Jacqueline , Stoll Hansruedi , Kellerhals Sabine Degen , Fliedner Monica , Grossmann Florian , Henry Morag , Herrmann Luzia , Koller Antje , Schwendimann René , Ulrich Anja , Weibel Lukas , Callens Betty , De Geest Sabina 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPurposeTo address the gap in evidence‐based information required to support the development of advanced practice nursing (APN) roles in Switzerland, stakeholders identified the need for guidance to generate strategic evaluation data. This article describes an evaluation framework developed to inform decisions about the effective utilization of APN roles across the country.ApproachA participatory approach was used by an international group of stakeholders. Published literature and an evidenced‐based framework for introducing APN roles were analyzed and applied to define the purpose, target audiences, and essential elements of the evaluation framework. Through subsequent meetings and review by an expert panel, the framework was developed and refined.FindingsA framework to evaluate different types of APN roles as they evolve to meet dynamic population health, practice setting, and health system needs was created. It includes a matrix of key concepts to guide evaluations across three stages of APN role development: introduction, implementation, and long‐term sustainability. For each stage, evaluation objectives and questions examining APN role structures, processes, and outcomes from different perspectives (e.g., patients, providers, managers, policy‐makers) were identified.ConclusionsA practical, robust framework based on well‐established evaluation concepts and current understanding of APN roles can be used to conduct systematic evaluations.Clinical RelevanceThe evaluation framework is sufficiently generic to allow application in developed countries globally, both for evaluation as well as research purposes.
Cranio‐facial remodeling in domestic dogs is associated with changes in larynx position
Authors: Plotsky Kyle , Rendall Drew , Chase Kevin , Riede Tobias 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe hyo‐laryngeal complex is a multi‐segmented structure integrating the oral and pharyngeal cavities and thus a variety of critical functions related to airway control, feeding, and vocal communication. Currently, we lack a complete understanding of how the hyoid complex, and the functions it mediates, can also be affected by changes in surrounding cranio‐facial dimensions. Here, we explore these relationships in a breed of domestic dog, the Portuguese Water Dog, which is characterized by strong cranio‐facial variation. We used radiographic images of the upper body and head of 55 adult males and 51 adult females to obtain detailed measures of cranio‐facial variation and hyoid anatomy. Principal components analysis revealed multiple orthogonal dimensions of cranio‐facial variation, some of which were associated with significant differences in larynx position: the larynx occupied a more descended position in individuals with shorter, broader faces than in those with longer, narrower faces. We then tested the possibility that caudal displacement of the larynx in brachycephalic individuals might reflect a degree of tongue crowding resulting from facial shortening and reduction of oral and pharyngeal spaces. A cadaver sample was used to obtain detailed measurements of constituent bones of the hyoid skeleton and of the tongue body, and their relationships to cranio‐facial size and shape and overall body size supported the tongue‐crowding hypothesis. Considering the presence of descended larynges in numerous mammalian taxa, our findings establish an important precedent for the possibility that laryngeal descent can be initiated, and even sustained, in part in response to remodeling of the face and cranium for selective pressures unrelated to vocal production. These integrated changes could also have been involved in hominin evolution, where the different laryngeal positions in modern humans compared with nonhuman primates have been traditionally linked to the evolution of speech but which are likely to be multifactorial.
The evaluation of dorsogluteal and ventrogluteal injection sites: a cadaver study
Authors: Coskun Halise , Kilic Cenk , Senture Cicek 
Published: February 2016

Aims and objectivesThe aim of this study is to measure the thickness of the muscles in the dorsogluteal and the ventrogluteal injection sites and to determine which injection site is farther away from the neurovascular structures.BackgroundAlthough the dorsogluteal region is frequently used for intramuscular injections, the ventrogluteal region is suggested as a more secure injection site due to its distance to the neurovascular structures. However, there are no measurements regarding the distances of these structures. Due to this reason, the distance between these injection sites and the neurovascular structures should be measured.DesignThis study is a descriptive study that used cadavers to measure the distance between the injection sites and the neurovascular structures.MethodsThe study was conducted on 29 cadavers fixed with 10% formalin. The needle was advanced until reaching its end point. A 1·5‐inch needle was used for the injections in both regions. The gluteal region was dissected. Parameters were measured with a digital vernier calliper. Data Analysis was performed using spss and the Wilcoxon Signed‐Rank Test was used to examine differences among measurements from the two injection regions. Data were collected between February and May 2014.ResultsSum of the thickness of the muscles is greater in the dorsogluteal region. The ventrogluteal region is farther than the dorsogluteal region from neurovascular structures. For the ventrogluteal injection administered from the same side, total thickness of the muscle was 22·22 ± 5 mm, distance to the superior gluteal artery was 13·87 ± 16 mm and distance to the superior gluteal nerve was 11·82 ± 14 mm. For the dorsogluteal injection, total thickness of the muscle was 28·35 ± 7 mm, distance to the superior gluteal artery was 6·83 ± 9 mm, and distance to the superior gluteal nerve was 5·67 ± 9 mm.ConclusionIntramuscular injections must be based on an individual clinical assessment of each patient.Relevance to clinical practiceThe ventrogluteal region is preferred as the first‐choice injection site. A needle of recommended length should be used to reach the target muscle.
APPROACHES AND METHODS FOR THE ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF MARKET POWER: A SURVEY AND EMPIRICAL COMPARISON
Authors: Perekhozhuk Oleksandr , Glauben Thomas , Grings Michael , Teuber Ramona 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis study discusses two widely used approaches in the New Empirical Industrial Organization (NEIO) literature and examines the strengths and weaknesses of the Production‐Theoretic Approach (PTA) and the General Identification Method (GIM) for the econometric analysis of market power in agricultural and food markets. We provide a framework that may help researchers to evaluate and improve structural models of market power. Starting with the specification of the approaches in question, we compare published empirical studies of market power with respect to the choice of the applied approach, functional forms, estimation methods and derived estimates of the degree of market power. Thereafter, we use our framework to evaluate several structural models based on PTA and GIM to measure oligopsony power in the Ukrainian dairy industry. The PTA‐based results suggest that the estimated parameters of oligopsony power are significantly different from zero, while GIM‐based results do not indicate any evidence of oligopsony market power in the Ukrainian dairy industry. Moreover, estimations results vary substantially due to the employed estimation procedure.
Goal orientation and employee resistance at work: Implications for manager emotional exhaustion with the employee
Authors: Brett Joan F. , Uhl‐Bien Mary , Huang Lei , Carsten Melissa 
Published: February 2016

This study advances our understanding of goal orientation (GO) theory by relating GO to manager outcomes (i.e., manager emotional exhaustion with the employee) through interpersonal behaviour patterns (i.e., employee resistance). Specifically, we examine the mediating effect of constructive and dysfunctional resistance (DR) on the relationships between GO and manager emotional exhaustion with the employee. The findings from 565 manager–employee dyads in a Chinese company indicate that learning GO (LGO) and performance‐prove GO (PPGO) are positively related to constructive resistance (CR), and performance‐avoid GO (PAGO) is negatively related to CR and positively related to DR. CR and DR significantly mediate the relationships between LGO and PAGO and manager emotional exhaustion with the employee. The findings are discussed in terms of the importance of GO theory for understanding interpersonal behaviours and manager outcomes.Practitioner points

First, organizations should educate and sensitize managers to the motivational orientations their employees bring to the workplace so that managers can better shape work experiences and challenges in ways that allow employees to attain their goal orientation (GO)‐related goals (e.g., avoid embarrassment, insure positive evaluations) without jeopardizing important interactions with others.

Second, before managers coach employees with a performance‐avoid GO on how to provide constructive feedback and the benefits of doing so, they may set the stage by discussing how avoidance behaviours may lead to future embarrassment or negative evaluations rather than to prevent these outcomes. Managers can foster work climates that value learning and development and reward employees for offering constructive resistance rather than avoidance behaviours.

Third, the findings linking GO with manager emotional exhaustion with the employee clearly indicate that the personal consequences for a manager make it worth their time and effort to coach employees on more adaptive and constructive behaviours.
Cross‐resistance to fluconazole induced by exposure to the agricultural azole tetraconazole: an environmental resistance school?
Authors: Rocha Marcos Fábio Gadelha , Alencar L. P. , Paiva M. A. N. , Melo Luciana Magalhães , Bandeira Silviane Praciano , Ponte Y. B. , Sales Jamille Alencar , Guedes G. M. M. , Castelo‐Branco D. S. C. M. , Bandeira T. J .P. G. , Cordeiro R. A. , Pereira‐Neto W. A. , Brandine G. S. , Moreira José Luciano Bezerra , Sidrim José Júlio Costa , Brilhante Raimunda Sâmia Nogueira 
Published: February 2016

SummaryThis study aimed to investigate the influence of tetraconazole and malathion, both used in agricultural activities, on resistance to fluconazole, itraconazole and voriconazole in Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019. The susceptibility to tetraconazole, malathion, fluconazole, itraconazole and voriconazole, through broth microdilution. Then, 12 independent replicates, were separated and exposed to four treatment groups, each one containing three replicates: G1: tetraconazole; G2: malathion; G3: fluconazole (positive control); G4: negative control. Replicates from G1, G2 and G3, were exposed to weekly increasing concentrations of tetraconazole, malathion and fluconazole, respectively, ranging from MIC/2 to 32 × MIC, throughout 7 weeks. The exposure to tetraconazole, but not malathion, decreased susceptibility to clinical azoles, especially fluconazole. The tetraconazole‐induced fluconazole resistance is partially mediated by the increased activity of ATP‐dependent efflux pumps, considering the increase in antifungal susceptibility after the addition of the efflux pump inhibitor, promethazine, and the increase in rhodamine 6G efflux and CDR gene expression in the G1 replicates. Moreover, MDR expression was only detected in G1 and G3 replicates, suggesting that MDR pumps are also involved in tetraconazole‐induced fluconazole resistance. It is noteworthy that tetraconazole and fluconazole‐treated replicates behaved similarly, therefore, resistance to azoles of clinical use may be a consequence of using azoles in farming activities.
Who supports secession? The determinants of secessionist attitudes among Turkey's Kurds
Authors: Sarigil Zeki , Karakoc Ekrem 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWho supports secession in a multiethnic country? What factors lead to secessionist or separatist attitudes? Despite the substantial interest in secessionist movements, the micro‐level factors and dynamics behind mass support for secession have been understudied. Using original and comprehensive data derived from two public opinion surveys, conducted in 2011 and 2013 with nationwide, representative samples, this study investigates the determinants of separatist attitudes among Turkey's Kurds. The empirical results show that perceptions of discrimination, ideological factors (i.e. a left‐right division and partisanship), region and religious sect do affect support for secession. Our findings provide strong support for the grievance theory and, further, show that ideology is an important factor. However, the results call into question arguments drawing attention to the role of modernisation (i.e. socio‐economic status) and of religiosity. The study also discusses some practical implications of the empirical findings.
Electrical pharyngeal stimulation increases substance P level in saliva
Authors: Suntrup‐Krueger S. , Bittner S. , Recker S. , Meuth S. G. , Warnecke T. , Suttrup I. , Marian T. , Dziewas R. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundSubstance P (SP) is a neuropeptide known to enhance the swallow response. It likely acts as a neurotransmitter in the pharyngeal mucosa in response to local stimuli. It has been proposed that dysphagia after stroke may be related to reduced levels of SP, which therefore constitutes a therapeutic target. In the present pilot study, we evaluated whether electrical pharyngeal stimulation (EPS), a neuromodulation device to enhance cortical reorganization for the restoration of swallowing function after brain injury, is able to increase SP in saliva or serum.MethodsIn a randomized crossover study design, 20 healthy volunteers were treated with 10 min of real (0.2‐ms pulses, 5 Hz, 280 V, stimulation intensity (mA) individually adjusted to tolerance level) or sham EPS on two separate sessions. Stimulation was delivered via a pair of bipolar ring electrodes mounted on an intraluminal catheter positioned in the pharynx. Blood and saliva samples were taken prior to, during, and up to 1 h after EPS and analyzed for their SP concentration by ELISA.Key ResultsFollowing real EPS but not sham stimulation, SP levels in saliva increased immediately and significantly about 28% (p < 0.01) compared to baseline. Serum levels remained unchanged.Conclusions & InferencesElectrical pharyngeal stimulation is able to induce pharyngeal SP release in healthy subjects.
Colonic response to laxative ingestion as assessed by MRI differs in constipated irritable bowel syndrome compared to functional constipation
Authors: Lam C. , Chaddock G. , Marciani L. , Costigan C. , Paul J. , Cox E. , Hoad C. , Menys A. , Pritchard S. , Garsed K. , Taylor S. , Atkinson D. , Gowland P. , Spiller R. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundFunctional constipation (FC) and irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS‐C) share many symptoms but underlying mechanisms may be different. We have developed a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique to measure intestinal volumes, transit, and motility in response to a laxative, Moviprep®. We aim to use these biomarkers to study the pathophysiology in IBS‐C and FC.MethodsTwenty‐four FC and 24 IBS‐C were studied. Transit was assessed using the weighted average position score (WAPS) of five MRI marker pills, taken 24 h before MRI scanning. Following baseline scan, participants ingested 1 L of Moviprep® followed by hourly scans. Magnetic resonance imaging parameters and bowel symptoms were scored from 0 to 4 h.Key ResultsWeighted average position score for FC was 3.6 (2.5–4.2), significantly greater than IBS‐C at 2.0 (1.5–3.2), p = 0.01, indicating slower transit for FC. Functional constipation showed greater fasting small bowel water content, 83 (63–142) mL vs 39 (15–70) mL in IBS‐C, p < 0.01 and greater ascending colon volume (AC), 314 (101) mL vs 226 (71) mL in IBS‐C, p < 0.01. FC motility index was lower at 0.055 (0.044) compared to IBS‐C, 0.107 (0.070), p < 0.01. Time to first bowel movement following ingestion of Moviprep® was greater for FC, being 295 (116–526) min, compared to IBS‐C at 84 (49–111) min, p < 0.01, and correlated with AC volume 2 h after Moviprep®, r = 0.44, p < 0.01. Using a cut‐off >230 min distinguishes FC from IBS‐C with low sensitivity of 55% but high specificity of 95%.Conclusion & InferencesOur objective MRI biomarkers allow a distinction between FC and IBS‐C.
Dissolved atmospheric gas in xylem sap measured with membrane inlet mass spectrometry
Authors: Schenk H. Jochen , Espino Susana , Visser Ate , Esser Bradley K. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA new method is described for measuring dissolved gas concentrations in small volumes of xylem sap using membrane inlet mass spectrometry. The technique can be used to determine concentrations of atmospheric gases, such as argon, as reported here, or for any dissolved gases and their isotopes for a variety of applications, such as rapid detection of trace gases from groundwater only hours after they were taken up by trees and rooting depth estimation. Atmospheric gas content in xylem sap directly affects the conditions and mechanisms that allow for gas removal from xylem embolisms, because gas can dissolve into saturated or supersaturated sap only under gas pressure that is above atmospheric pressure. The method was tested for red trumpet vine, Distictis buccinatoria (Bignoniaceae), by measuring atmospheric gas concentrations in sap collected at times of minimum and maximum daily temperature and during temperature increase and decline. Mean argon concentration in xylem sap did not differ significantly from saturation levels for the temperature and pressure conditions at any time of collection, but more than 40% of all samples were supersaturated, especially during the warm parts of day. There was no significant diurnal pattern, due to high variability between samples.
A Pediatric Case of Sclerodermatous Graft‐Versus‐Host Disease Responsive to Ultraviolet A1 Phototherapy
Authors: Lazzeri Linda , Tripo Lara , Pescitelli Leonardo , Ricceri Federica , Prignano Francesca 
Published: February 2016

AbstractGraft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) is one of the major complications after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and is responsible for post‐therapeutic morbidity, mortality, and poor quality of life of recipients. Sclerodermatous graft‐versus‐host disease (sGVHD) is a rare variant of chronic GVHD characterized by deposition of collagen in the skin and other soft tissues and resulting in loss of range of motion and functional capabilities. Treatment of sGVHD is challenging and largely limited by systemic side effects. Ultraviolet A1 phototherapy has been reported to be effective in connective tissue disorders, including sGVHD. We report a case of sGVHD in a 15‐year‐old girl that was resistant to traditional therapy but showed improvement in cutaneous symptoms with ultraviolet A1 phototherapy three times a week for 6 weeks (10 J/cm2 single dose, 180 J/cm2 cumulative dose).
Living donor liver transplantation in maple syrup urine disease – Case series and world's youngest domino liver donor and recipient
Authors: Mohan N. , Karkra S. , Rastogi A. , Vohra V. , Soin A. S. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractMSUD occurs due to deficiency of enzyme BCKAD required for metabolism of leucine, isoleucine, and valine leading to the accumulation of these and their ketoacids causing acute metabolic decompensation manifesting as encephalopathy or sudden death. The patient requires special protein‐restricted diet to survive. As this enzyme is expressed in liver, liver transplantation has been successfully performed as a cure. We report two patients of MSUD who underwent LDLT while their livers were used as a domino graft for other biliary cirrhotic patients. A 22‐month‐old male child diagnosed as a case of classic MSUD underwent LDLT from an altruistic aunt as donor following which his serum leucine levels normalized on an unrestricted protein diet. His liver was used as a domino graft. A 38‐month‐old female child with diagnosed MSUD underwent LDLT from a swap donor, and her liver was used as a domino graft. Her DQ improved post‐transplant. LDLT from non‐heterozygous donors is a cure for classical MSUD. Their livers can be used as domino grafts for non‐MSUD cases.
Short‐term chemical pretreatment cannot replace curettage in photodynamic therapy
Authors: Nissen Christoffer V. , Wiegell Stine Regin , Philipsen Peter Alshede , Wulf Hans Christian 
Published: February 2016

SummaryBackgroundGuidelines for photodynamic therapy (PDT) recommend pretreatment with curettage/debulking to enhance intracellular formation of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX). However, studies suggest that new chemical pretreatment procedures may replace curettage/debulking.PurposeTo investigate how pretreatment with curettage and two combination ointments containing calcipotriol/betamethasone and salicylic acid/betamethasone affect PpIX fluorescence after the application of methyl aminolevulinate MAL and 5‐aminolevulinic acid (BF‐200 ALA).MethodsFour fields on the forearms of 30 healthy volunteers were pretreated with curettage or short‐term application of calcipotriol/betamethasone or salicylic acid/betamethasone for 20 min. Two fields were not pretreated, thus serving as reference. After pretreatment, MAL or BF‐200 ALA was applied for 24 h, and PpIX fluorescence was measured hourly from 1 to 5 h and after 18, 21 and 24 h.ResultsCurettage significantly enhanced PpIX fluorescence for MAL from 1 to 21 h (P < 0.0041). For BF‐200 ALA, curettage enhanced fluorescence from 1 to 5 h (P < 0.000064), while fluorescence was lower from 18 to 24 h. Pretreatment with salicylic acid/betamethasone and calcipotriol/betamethasone before BF‐200 ALA application did not increase PpIX fluorescence from 1 to 5 h compared to no pretreatment, and both were significantly inferior to curettage (P < 0.0017 and 0.0024, respectively).ConclusionCurettage significantly enhances PpIX fluorescence from 1 to 5 h and is superior to short‐term chemical pretreatment. Our results support curettage as standard pretreatment in PDT.