bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studies of stainless steel exposed to sandblasting
Authors: Horodek Paweł , Eseev Marat K. , Kobets Andrey G. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The influence of sandblasting on surface and subsurface of stainless steel is investigated using variable energy positron beam (VEP), positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Samples of stainless steel were blasted using 110 μm particles of Al2O3 under different pressure and time duration. In the case of sandblasting for 90 s, the reduction of positron diffusion length depending on the applied pressure was observed. Sandblasting during 30 s leads only to the reduction of positron diffusion length to about 60 nm for all samples. Positron lifetimes close to 170 ps measured using positrons emitted directly from the source point to the presence of vacancies on the dislocation lines. SEM and AFM images show that surface roughness depends rather on pressure of sandblasting than time of exposition.
Toward a European Network of Positron Laboratories
Authors: Karwasz Grzegorz P. , Brusa Roberto S. , Egger Werner , Ogorodnikova Olga V. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Some applications of controlled-energy positron beams in material studies are discussed. In porous organic polysilicates, measurements of 3γ annihilation by Doppler broadening (DB) method at the Trento University allowed to trace pore closing and filling by water vapor. In silicon coimplanted by He+ and H+, DB data combined with positron lifetime measurements at the München pulsed positron beam allowed to explain Si blistering. Presently measured samples of W for applications in thermonuclear reactors, irradiated by W+ and electrons, show vast changes of positron lifetimes, indicating complex dynamics of defects.
Reconstruction of hit time and hit position of annihilation quanta in the J-PET detector using the Mahalanobis distance
Authors: Sharma Neha Gupta , Silarski Michał , Bednarski Tomasz , Białas Piotr , Czerwiński Eryk , Gajos Aleksander , Gorgol Marek , Jasińska Bożena , Kamińska Daria , Kapłon Łukasz , Korcyl Grzegorz , Kowalski Paweł , Kozik Tomasz , Krzemień Wojciech , Kubicz Ewelina , Niedźwiecki Szymon , Pałka Marek , Raczyński Lech , Rudy Zbigniew , Rundel Oleksandr , Słomski Artur , Strzelecki Adam , Wieczorek Anna , Wiślicki Wojciech , Zieliński Marcin , Zgardzińska Bożena , Moskal Paweł 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The J-PET detector being developed at the Jagiellonian University is a positron emission tomograph composed of the long strips of polymer scintillators. At the same time, it is a detector system that will be used for studies of the decays of positronium atoms. The shape of photomultiplier signals depends on the hit time and hit position of the gamma quantum. In order to take advantage of this fact, a dedicated sampling front-end electronics that enables to sample signals in voltage domain with the time precision of about 20 ps and novel reconstruction method based on the comparison of examined signal with the model signals stored in the library has been developed. As a measure of the similarity, we use the Mahalanobis distance. The achievable position and time resolution depend on the number and values of the threshold levels at which the signal is sampled. A reconstruction method as well as preliminary results are presented and discussed.
Comparison of the free volume sizes and shapes determined from crystallographic and PALS data
Authors: Tydda Maciej , Jasińska Bożena 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Two different classes of molecular crystals were investigated. The first group was benzenediols, which are characterized by the same chemical composition but a different organization of their crystallographic structures; all of the compounds from this group have only one kind of free volumes. The second class was represented by olanzapine, which has more complex chemical composition and two kinds of free volumes in the structure. The o-Ps lifetime values determined from positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) measurements agree quite well with those calculated for sizes found from crystallographic data for benzenediols (agreement within 10% of the lifetime values). For olanzapine, a good agreement is observed in the case of cuboidal free volumes, while for the other kind of void, the agreement is less satisfactory. Positronium diffusion coefficient determined from o-Ps redistribution in olanzapine agrees with these found for polymers.
Principles of positron porosimetry
Authors: Zaleski Radosław 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The paper deals with positron porosimetry (PP), which is based on positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS). The numerical analysis of positron lifetime spectra for PP is more demanding than in most of other applications of PALS. The resulting intensity distributions of ortho-positronium (o-Ps) lifetimes are interpreted in terms of the extended Tao-Eldrup (ETE) model, which provides the dependence between the o-Ps lifetime and pore size. Additionally, the relation between the intensity of an o-Ps component and the pore volume allows obtaining pore size distribution (PSD). The value of the empirical parameter Δ, which is dependent on material, can be estimated from the temperature dependence of an o-Ps lifetime. The most unique feature of PP among other techniques that allow determination of PSDs is its ability to perform measurements in almost any conditions. This makes this method suitable for various in situ studies. In this review article, both the capabilities and the limitations of PP are discussed. The methods to overcome some of the limitations are presented.
Ortho-para spin conversion of Ps by paramagnetic O2 dissolved in organic compounds
Authors: Zgardzińska Bożena , Białko Wioletta , Jasińska Bożena 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The o-Ps mean lifetime value in liquids decreases in the presence of the paramagnetic oxygen molecules via the ortho-para conversion process. This effect was observed for several organic samples composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms differing in the arrangement of atoms forming the molecule, e.g. n-alkanes, alcohols, branched isomer of alkane, cycloalkane. The usually observed tendency of the o-Ps lifetime value to be an increasing function of temperature (in the case of measurements performed in vacuum) changes to a decreasing one in the presence of O2 dissolved in the sample. The difference between the o-Ps lifetimes measured in samples in vacuum and in the presence of O2 increases with the distance from the melting point. The ortho-para constant rate λconv was estimated to be ~130 μs−1 at 300 K for three compounds investigated.
Die Metaphoreszenz jüngerer Theologie
Authors: Hofmann Klaus 
Published: December 2015

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag geht der theologischen Tendenz, fundamentale Glaubensbestände wie Inkarnation, Auferstehung, Parusie zu metaphorischen Aussagen zu erklären, und der Gültigkeit dieser Deklarierung in einer Überprüfung am Metapherbegriff nach. An ausgewählten Beispielen (Jüngel, Buntfuß) wird deren Problematik aufgezeigt, die einen Verzicht auf die Metaphorisierungsversuche erfordert. Als Alternative werden Ansätze einer „poetologischen Theologie“ ins Auge gefasst. Die Ausführungen gehen aus Ansätzen hervor, die in meinem Artikel „Das Evangelium in der Versenkung“ (
Belgian Federalism after the Sixth State Reform
Authors: Goossens Jurgen , Cannoot Pieter 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
This paper highlights the most important institutional evolutions of Belgian federalism stemming from the implementation of the sixth state reform (2012-2014). This reform inter alia included a transfer of powers worth 20 billion euros from the federal level to the level of the federated states, a profound reform of the Senate, and a substantial increase in fiscal autonomy for the regions. This contribution critically analyses the current state of Belgian federalism. Although the sixth state reform realized important and long-awaited changes, further evolutions are to be expected. Since the Belgian state model has reached its limits with regard to complexity and creativity, politicians and academics should begin to reflect on the seventh state reform with the aim of increasing the transparency of the current Belgian institutional labyrinth.
The effect of pressure and temperature on microthermoforming thermoplastic films integrated in the injection moulding process
Authors: Jungmeier Ariane 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Injection moulding is a widespread large-scale production technology for the manufacturing of thermoplastic parts, with small wall thicknesses limiting the feasible flow length. Introducing microthermoforming into the injection moulding process with dynamic mould temperature control enables the production of film-based, plane microstructured parts with further three-dimensional functional structures (e.g. for handling or for fitting in devices/assembly groups). Investigations show that considerable forming is possible with pressures up to 140 bar and forming temperatures far below the glass transition temperature of 50-μm-thick polycarbonate films in cycle times of <3 min. Generally speaking, the novel technology is expected to allow for multifunctional, thin-walled microstructured parts at large scales with short cycle times.
What is fertility stalling and why does it matter?
Authors: Howse Kenneth 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Stalls in fertility declines have been reported for countries in Asia, Latin America, and Africa. Recent interest has focused mostly on Sub-Saharan Africa. This papers reviews past studies of fertility stalls and considers the implications of alternative methods of defining and measuring the phenomenon. It offers some reflections on the theoretical and policy significance of various attempts to identify and explain stalls.
Son Preference, Parity Progression and Contraceptive Use in South Asia
Authors: Channon Melanie Dawn 
Published: December 2015

Abstract

Background: The desire for sons has long been recognised as a significant determinant of childbearing decisions throughout most of South Asia. This paper provides an overview of the stated desire for sons and the manifestations of son-preferring behaviour in relation to parity progression and contraceptive use.

Methods: This paper uses the most recently available Demographic and Health Survey (or equivalent) data from five South Asian countries: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal and Pakistan. The extent of son preference in these countries is compared in terms of reported latent son preference as well as in terms of revealed son preference in relation to differential stopping behaviour, and choices about contraceptive use and contraceptive method.

Results: Parity progression is driven by son preference to some extent in all five countries studied. It is found that son preference is also a major factor in determining use of permanent contraceptive methods in every country apart from Afghanistan. The association is particularly strong in Nepal, India and Pakistan. Women with fewer than two sons are generally much less likely to use permanent contraceptive methods. On the other hand, son preference has little association with temporary or traditional contraceptive use in any country.

Conclusion: The desire for sons has a significant impact on fertility and contraceptive choices across much of South Asia, even in places where high fertility persists. Family planning programmes in these areas need to change deeply embedded attitudes in order to be successful. In Pakistan and Afghanistan in particular, future reductions in fertility could be hindered by high levels of son preference.
Experiences of Young Motherhood and Youth in Mexico: Medical Discourses and the Definition of Women as ‘Too Young to Care’.
Authors: Saldaña-Tejeda Abril 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
In Mexico, as in many other countries, ‘early’ motherhood is defined as a social problem and in some cases as a social epidemic. Looking at the experiences of young mothers and using health promotion materials and policy documents from youth pregnancy prevention programmes, this article explores discourses around youth and sexuality in Mexico. It argues that discourses that define young mothers and fathers as a social problem are closely linked to those that understand youth as a transition, where certain social rituals are expected to mark the entrance into adulthood. The article suggests that pregnancy prevention programmes reproduce chronological expectations regarding women’s reproductive experiences and gendered stereotypes of youth sexuality and parenting experiences. The article looks into the bio-power mechanisms that are displayed to normalize youth sexual behavior at the expense of pathologizing young mothers and fathers. Discourses that define youth sexuality as an individual and as a social risk tend to compromise the provision of effective contraceptive information that would ultimately aid in the prevention of unwanted pregnancies.
Körpersprachliche Signale hallstattzeitlicher, anthropomorph gestalteter Dolchgriffe
Authors: Glunz-Hüsken Bettina , Schebesch Adeline 
Published: December 2015

Im Zentrum des Beitrags steht die körpersprachliche Analyse mutmaßlich anthropomorph geformter Dolchgriffe der Späthallstattzeit. Die meisten stammen aus den Hallstätter Gräbern. In einer quasi empirischen Studie wurden deren Körperhaltungen analysiert und durch professionelle Schauspieler nachgestellt, wobei empathisches Empfinden, das die jeweilige Haltung evoziert, Berücksichtigung findet. Schließlich lassen sich zwei offenbar grundverschiedene Positionen benennen, eine frühe, (profan) dynamisch-kämpferische und eine spätere, statisch-repräsentierende, welche möglicherweise religiöse Inhalte transportiert. Abschließend werden die anthropomorphen Griffe an keltischen Kurzschwertern und Dolchen vergleichend betrachtet.Notre article présente une analyse du langage corporel qu’évoquent les poignées de poignard anthropomorphiques du Hallstatt Final (Ha D1–3). La plupart proviennent de la nécropole éponyme de Hallstatt. Suivant une procédure quasi empirique nous avons demandé à deux acteurs professionnels d’imiter précisément les différentes positions adoptées dans le maniement de ces poignards. Nous leur avons également demandé de réfléchir sur ces attitudes et de communiquer les émotions associées à ce maniement. Deux attitudes distinctes en sont ressorties: une attitude dynamique-combattive et une attitude statique-représentationnelle qui pourrait avoir un contenu religieux. Enfin les auteurs comparent les poignards celtiques et les épées courtes à poignées anthropomorphiques aux résultats obtenus sur les poignards du Hallstatt FinalThe present paper analyses the body language of anthropomorphically-shaped Iron Age dagger handles of the Late Hallstatt period (Ha D1–3). The majority were found in the eponymous cemetery of Hallstatt. Following a quasi-empirical approach, two professional actors were asked to imitate precisely the different kinds of posture displayed when handling the weapons under scrutiny. They were then asked to reflect and communicate the emotions linked to these postures. In effect two distinct attitudes could be recognised: a dynamic-combative posture and a static-representative attitude, which may denote religious motivations. In addition, the authors compare Celtic daggers and short swords with anthropomorphic hilts with the results obtained for the Hallstatt D daggers.
Thank you for a lovely day! Contrastive Thanking in Textbooks for Teaching English and Spanish as Foreign Languages
Authors: Pablos-Ortega Carlos de 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Thanking, as other speech acts such as apologizing or requesting, can be performed in numerous contexts and, for their analysis, many crucial variables must be taken into consideration (eg. social distance, gender, age, etc.), which often are difficult to control. Besides these variables, speech acts are carried out in different situations, taking into account the culture in which they are performed. For example, thanking might be performed after alighting a bus in the UK, the USA or Australia, but this might not necessarily happen in Spain. The aim of the study on which this paper is based, in to explore thanking contrastively in British English and in Peninsular Spanish from a pragmatic viewpoint, by looking at specific independent variables: the context and situation in which this speech act is performed, the relationship between the interlocutors who perform it, which includes social power and distance, and the reason for expressing gratitude. For the purpose of this investigation, a corpus of 128 textbooks (64 for each language) for the learning and teaching of Spanish and English as foreign languages was used. It is important to note that, although these corpora are built on prefabricated dialogues and these can be regarded as abstractions of reality, the communicative situations found in the textbooks are aimed at depicting exchanges and linguistic patterns representing what naturally occurs in real conversations in both cultures.
Experimental Program on Composite Steel and Concrete Beams
Authors: Dubecky Daniel 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Plate bridges with encased beams are suitable for building bridges of short and medium range. The paper presented focuses on the research into progressive bridges with encased filler beams of modified steel sections designed to minimize steel consumption without affecting essentially the overall structure resistance. This type of construction is suitable for bridges over short and middle spans as it offers a number of advantages, such as little headroom, quite clear static action of forces and a short construction period with no falsework required. Among some disadvantages is the economic inefficiency of steel I-sections, which are employed in the majority of bridges of this type. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of more economical design approaches and more purposeful arrangement and employment of steel beams. The paper presented brings some results from experimental tests on elements with encased steel filler-beams acting compositely under both short-term static and dynamic loads, and long-term load.
Nonparametric estimation of risk measures of collective risks
Authors: Lauer Alexandra , Zähle Henryk 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
We consider two nonparametric estimators for the risk measure of the sum of n i.i.d. individual insurance risks where the number of historical single claims that are used for the statistical estimation is of order n.
This framework matches the situation that nonlife insurance companies are faced
with within the scope of premium calculation. Indeed, the risk measure of the aggregate risk divided by n can be seen as a suitable premium for each of the individual risks. For both estimators divided by n we derive a sort of Marcinkiewicz–Zygmund strong law as well as a weak limit theorem. The behavior of the estimators for small to moderate n is studied by means of Monte-Carlo simulations.
Spectral and geometric aspects of mineral identification by means of hyperspectral fluorescence imaging
Authors: Bauer Sebastian , Puente León Fernando 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The light emission of mineral samples in the visible wavelength range
under ultraviolet (UV) illumination is examined by means of
hyperspectral imaging. The general physical phenomenon causing this
effect is called luminescence. The short-lived kind of luminescence is
called fluorescence. Hyperspectral images are images consisting of up
to several hundred spectral channels instead of just the three colors
in case of common color images. Recently, we presented the first
object classification by means of hyperspectral fluorescence analysis
of minerals. In this article, previous analyses conducted by us are
extended by investigating an increased number of spectral channels and
samples of more species. We will present spectral and spatial
characteristics of the mineral fluorescence and describe how the
identification can possibly be improved.
A Fragment of a Potter’s Wheel from Abu Tbeirah
Authors: Romano Licia 
Published: December 2015

Abstract:The present contribution is devoted to the analysis of a fragment of a potter’s wheel, made of baked clay, discovered at Abu Tbeirah during the survey of winter 2012. The focus of the discussion will be the surface treatment of the fragment, specifically the series of regularly-spaced perforations arranged in concentric bands, which offers clues to the actions and choices made by the Sumerian potter.
Die Perser im Esra- und Nehemiabuch
Authors: Becker Uwe 
Published: December 2015

Zusammenfassung: Anhand der beiden Fassungen des Kyros-Edikts in Esr 1,1–4 und 6,1–5 sowie des Artaxerxes-Firmans in Esr 7,12–26 werden die Wandlungen des Perserbildes in Esr-Neh dargestellt: Am Anfang erscheinen die Perser als Unterstützer und Protektoren der jüdischen Gemeinschaft (Esr 6), werden dann als von Jhwh selbst gesandte Retter dargestellt (Esr 1), bevor in Esr 7 die theologische Idee vertreten wird, die Perser selbst hätten mit der Entsendung Esras für die Einführung und Geltung des jüdischen Gesetzes gesorgt. Es handelt sich bei diesen Stufen indes nicht um historische Vorgänge, sondern um Selbstdefinitionen des Judentums, das sich politisch wie religiös von den Persern her versteht.Abstract: On the basis of both versions of the decree of Cyrus in Esr 1:1–4 and 6:1–5 and the decree of Artaxerxes in Esr 7:12–26 the article demonstrates the changes in the image of the Persians in Ezra-Nehemiah. At the beginning the Persians appear simply as supporters of the Jewish community (Esr 6), then the Persian king is presented as a saviour sent by Jhwh himself, and finally in Esr 7 we come upon the theological concept that it was the Persians who introduced the Jewish law by sending Ezra to Jerusalem. All these stages do not reflect historical processes, but different concepts of Jewish identity and self-understanding: The Jewish community defines itself politically and religiously by the PersiansRésumé: l’aide des deux versions de l’édit de Cyrus en Esd 1,1–4 et 6,1–5, ainsi que de l’acte officiel d’Artaxerxès en Esd 7,12–26, l’article présente les changements de l’image des Perses en Esd-Ne: au début, les Perses apparaissent comme les partisans et les protecteurs de la communauté juive (Esd 6), pour devenir ensuite les sauveurs envoyés par Yhwh lui-même (Esd 1), avant que ne soit défendue en Esd 7 l’idée théologique, selon laquelle les Perses eux-mêmes se seraient occupés, avec l’envoi d’Esdras, de l’introduction et de la validation de la loi juive. Il en va, dans ces étapes, non d’un pro cessus historique, mais de la définition même du judaïsme, qui se comprend politiquement et religieusement comme venant des Perses.