bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Substructures with luminosity modulation and horizontal oscillation in pulsating patch: Principal component analysis application to pulsating aurora
Authors: Nishiyama Takanori , Miyoshi Yoshizumi , Katoh Yuto , Sakanoi Takeshi , Kataoka Ryuho , Okano Shoichi 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe observed a mesoscale aurora (100 km × 100 km) with patchy structure and equatorward propagation at Poker Flat Research Range on 1 December 2011. Fast Fourier transform (FFT) analysis revealed that this pulsating patch clearly exhibited temporal variations that can be categorized into two types: on‐off pulsation (7.8–10 s) with large amplitudes and luminosity modulations excited during on phase with a frequency of about 3.0 Hz. In addition, we applied principal component analysis (PCA) to time series image data of the pulsating aurora for the first time. Time coefficients were estimated by PCA for the whole patch and the substructures were consistent with those obtained from the FFT analysis, and therefore, we concluded that PCA is capable of decomposing several structures that have different coherent spatiotemporal characteristics. Another new insight in this study is that the rapid variations were highly localized; they were excited in only the substructures embedded in the whole structure. Moreover, the whole patch propagated equatorward because of E × B drift of cold plasma, while the substructures did not show such systematic propagation but rather forward‐backward oscillations. The horizontal scale of the substructures was estimated to be no smaller than 410 km at the magnetic equator, which is comparable to that of the wave packet structure of a whistler mode chorus perpendicular to the field line. We suggest that the apparent horizontal oscillation of the substructures is associated with field‐aligned propagations of the whistler mode chorus in a duct.
Seismic azimuthal anisotropy in the oceanic lithosphere and asthenosphere from broadband surface wave analysis of OBS array records at 60 Ma seafloor
Authors: Takeo A. , Kawakatsu H. , Isse T. , Nishida K. , Sugioka H. , Ito A. , Shiobara H. , Suetsugu D. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe analyzed seismic ambient noise and teleseismic waveforms of nine broadband ocean bottom seismometers deployed at a 60 Ma seafloor in the southeastward of Tahiti island, the South Pacific, by the Tomographic Investigation by seafloor ARray Experiment for the Society hotspot project. We first obtained one‐dimensional shear wave velocity model beneath the array from average phase velocities of Rayleigh waves at a broadband period range of 5–200 s. The obtained model shows a large velocity reduction at depths between 40 and 80 km, where the lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary might exist. We then estimated shear wave azimuthal anisotropy at depths of 20–100 km by measuring azimuthal dependence of phase velocities of Rayleigh waves. The obtained model shows peak‐to‐peak intensity of the azimuthal anisotropy of 2%–4% with the fastest azimuth of NW–SE direction both in the lithosphere and asthenosphere. This result suggests that the ancient flow frozen in the lithosphere is not perpendicular to the strike of the ancient mid‐ocean ridge but is roughly parallel to the ancient plate motion at depths of 20–60 km. The fastest azimuths in the current asthenosphere are subparallel to current plate motion at depths of 60–100 km. Additional shear wave splitting analysis revealed possible perturbations of flow in the mantle by the hot spot activities and implied the presence of azimuthal anisotropy in the asthenosphere down to a depth of 190–210 km.
Approximate analytical solution to the Boussinesq equation with a sloping water‐land boundary
Authors: Tang Yuehao , Jiang Qinghui , Zhou Chuangbing 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAn approximate solution is presented to the 1‐D Boussinesq equation (BEQ) characterizing transient groundwater flow in an unconfined aquifer subject to a constant water variation at the sloping water‐land boundary. The flow equation is decomposed to a linearized BEQ and a head correction equation. The linearized BEQ is solved using a Laplace transform. By means of the frozen‐coefficient technique and Gauss function method, the approximate solution for the head correction equation can be obtained, which is further simplified to a closed‐form expression under the condition of local energy equilibrium. The solutions of the linearized and head correction equations are discussed from physical concepts. Especially for the head correction equation, the well posedness of the approximate solution obtained by the frozen‐coefficient method is verified to demonstrate its boundedness, which can be further embodied as the upper and lower error bounds to the exact solution of the head correction by statistical analysis. The advantage of this approximate solution is in its simplicity while preserving the inherent nonlinearity of the physical phenomenon. Comparisons between the analytical and numerical solutions of the BEQ validate that the approximation method can achieve desirable precisions, even in the cases with strong nonlinearity. The proposed approximate solution is applied to various hydrological problems, in which the algebraic expressions that quantify the water flow processes are derived from its basic solutions. The results are useful for the quantification of stream‐aquifer exchange flow rates, aquifer response due to the sudden reservoir release, bank storage and depletion, and front position and propagation speed.
Selection of relevant input variables in storm water quality modeling by multiobjective evolutionary polynomial regression paradigm
Authors: Creaco E. , Berardi L. , Sun Siao , Giustolisi O. , Savic D. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe growing availability of field data, from information and communication technologies (ICTs) in “smart” urban infrastructures, allows data modeling to understand complex phenomena and to support management decisions. Among the analyzed phenomena, those related to storm water quality modeling have recently been gaining interest in the scientific literature. Nonetheless, the large amount of available data poses the problem of selecting relevant variables to describe a phenomenon and enable robust data modeling. This paper presents a procedure for the selection of relevant input variables using the multiobjective evolutionary polynomial regression (EPR‐MOGA) paradigm. The procedure is based on scrutinizing the explanatory variables that appear inside the set of EPR‐MOGA symbolic model expressions of increasing complexity and goodness of fit to target output. The strategy also enables the selection to be validated by engineering judgement. In such context, the multiple case study extension of EPR‐MOGA, called MCS‐EPR‐MOGA, is adopted. The application of the proposed procedure to modeling storm water quality parameters in two French catchments shows that it was able to significantly reduce the number of explanatory variables for successive analyses. Finally, the EPR‐MOGA models obtained after the input selection are compared with those obtained by using the same technique without benefitting from input selection and with those obtained in previous works where other data‐modeling techniques were used on the same data. The comparison highlights the effectiveness of both EPR‐MOGA and the input selection procedure.
Hierarchical mixture of experts and diagnostic modeling approach to reduce hydrologic model structural uncertainty
Authors: Moges Edom , Demissie Yonas , Li Hong‐Yi 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn most water resources applications, any particular model structure might be inadequate to capture the dynamic multiscale interactions among different hydrological processes. Calibrating single models for dynamic catchments, where multiple dominant processes exist, can result in displacement of errors from structure to parameters, which in turn leads to over‐correction and biased predictions. An alternative to a single model structure is to develop local expert structures that are effective in representing the dominant components of the hydrologic process and adaptively integrate them based on an indicator variable. In this study, the Hierarchical Mixture of Experts (HME) framework is applied to integrate expert model structures representing the different components of the hydrologic process. Various signature diagnostic analyses were used to identify the presence of multiple dominant processes, and the adequacy of a single model, as well as to develop the structures of the expert models. The approaches are applied for two distinct catchments, the Guadalupe River (Texas) and the French Broad River (North Carolina) from the Model Parameter Estimation Experiment (MOPEX), using different structures of the HBV model. The results show that the HME approach has a better performance over the single model for the Guadalupe catchment, where multiple dominant processes are witnessed through diagnostic measures. Whereas the diagnostics and aggregated performance measures prove that French Broad has a homogeneous catchment response, making the single model adequate to capture the response.
Observational constraints on the efficiency of dehydration mechanisms in the tropical tropopause layer
Authors: Rollins A. W. , Thornberry T. D. , Gao R. S. , Woods S. , Lawson R. P. , Bui T. P. , Jensen E. J. , Fahey D. W. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe efficiency of dehydration in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) determines how closely water vapor will be reduced to the lowest saturation mixing ratio encountered along a trajectory to the stratosphere, thereby strongly influencing stratospheric humidity. The NASA Airborne Tropical Tropopause Experiment (ATTREX) provided an unprecedented number and quality of in situ observations to constrain the key mechanisms controlling this dehydration. Statistical analyses of the ATTREX data show that nucleation, growth, and sedimentation each result in TTL dehydration becoming increasingly inefficient at temperatures below 200 K. Because of these inefficiencies, models that ignore these mechanisms likely underestimate water vapor at the stratospheric entry point by ~10–20% at the lowest temperatures.
Relativistic electron microbursts and variations in trapped MeV electron fluxes during the 8–9 October 2012 storm: SAMPEX and Van Allen Probes observations
Authors: Kurita Satoshi , Miyoshi Yoshizumi , Blake J. Bernard , Reeves Geoffery D. , Kletzing Craig A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIt has been suggested that whistler mode chorus is responsible for both acceleration of MeV electrons and relativistic electron microbursts through resonant wave‐particle interactions. Relativistic electron microbursts have been considered as an important loss mechanism of radiation belt electrons. Here we report on the observations of relativistic electron microbursts and flux variations of trapped MeV electrons during the 8–9 October 2012 storm, using the SAMPEX and Van Allen Probes satellites. Observations by the satellites show that relativistic electron microbursts correlate well with the rapid enhancement of trapped MeV electron fluxes by chorus wave‐particle interactions, indicating that acceleration by chorus is much more efficient than losses by microbursts during the storm. It is also revealed that the strong chorus wave activity without relativistic electron microbursts does not lead to significant flux variations of relativistic electrons. Thus, effective acceleration of relativistic electrons is caused by chorus that can cause relativistic electron microbursts.
Time scales of shallow‐to‐deep convective transition associated with the onset of Madden‐Julian Oscillations
Authors: Xu Weixin , Rutledge Steven A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis study statistically investigates the timing and underlying processes of the shallow‐to‐deep convective transition (SDT) associated with Madden‐Julian Oscillations (MJO) initiation over the Indian Ocean. Results show that SDT periods have a median value of 8–10 days with a wide spectrum of 2–20 days. SDTs lasting 10–20 days occurred nearly 50% of the time, consistent with gradual tropospheric moistening and destabilization leading to MJO initiation as described by the discharge‐recharge theory. Rapid SDTs (<7 days) took place in 25% of the MJOs studied, including two MJOs observed during Dynamics of the MJO in which previous studies suggested large‐scale moistening dominates the local convective moistening during SDT. SDT length is only weakly correlated to MJO amplitude and duration defined by the Real‐Time Multivariate MJO index. SDT length is negatively correlated with the duration of the shallow convective period preceding the SDT but weakly correlated with individual parameters associated with preonset environments.
Biopsychosocial Influence on Shoulder Pain: Influence of Genetic and Psychological Combinations on Twelve‐Month Postoperative Pain and Disability Outcomes
Authors: George Steven Z. , Wu Samuel S. , Wallace Margaret R. , Moser Michael W. , Wright Thomas W. , Farmer Kevin W. , Greenfield Warren H. , Dai Yunfeng , Li Hua , Fillingim Roger B. 
Published: March 2016

ObjectiveTo identify novel combinations of genetic and psychological factors that predicted 12‐month postoperative pain and disability outcomes following arthroscopic shoulder surgery.MethodsA prospective presurgical cohort (n = 150) was recruited to complete validated psychological questionnaires and have their DNA collected from saliva. DNA was genotyped for a priori selected genes involved with pain modulation (ADRB2, OPRM1, AVPR1A, GCH1, and KCNS1) and inflammation (IL1B, TNF/LTA, and IL6). The outcome measures of interest were the Brief Pain Inventory and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire. Followup for the cohort was at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. After controlling for age, sex, race, and preoperative status, genetic and psychological factors were entered as main effects and interaction terms in separate general linear models for predicting postoperative pain and disability outcomes.ResultsSeven interactions involving pain‐modulatory genes were identified. Three provided strong statistical evidence for different outcomes, including KCNS1 and kinesiophobia for preoperative pain intensity, ADRB2 and depressive symptoms for postoperative course, and GCH1 and anxiety symptoms for 12‐month pain‐intensity outcome. Ten interactions involving inflammatory genes were identified. Three provided strong statistical evidence for the 12‐month postoperative course outcome, including 2 different IL6 single‐nucleotide polymorphism and pain catastrophizing, and IL6 and depressive symptoms.ConclusionThe current study identified novel genetic and psychological interactions that can be used in future studies to further understand the development of persistent postoperative pain and investigate the effectiveness of tailored treatment.
Exploiting Distal Reactivity of Coumarins: A Rhodium‐Catalyzed Vinylogous Asymmetric Ring‐Opening Reaction
Authors: Loh Charles C. J. , Schmid Matthias , Peters Brendan , Fang Xiang , Lautens Mark 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWhile the utility of vinylogous enolates is well established in the setting of vinylogous aldol, Mannich, and Michael chemistries, literature reports concerning γ‐reactivity are scarce for other reaction classes. Presented herein is an unprecedented example of vinylogous reactivity exemplified by the rhodium‐catalyzed asymmetric ring‐opening reaction of oxabicycles. This strategy also provides a powerful route to incorporate the biologically useful coumarin motif into the hydronapthalene scaffold.
Enantioconvergent Fukuyama Cross‐Coupling of Racemic Benzylic Organozinc Reagents
Authors: Oost Rik , Misale Antonio , Maulide Nuno 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe first enantioconvergent palladium‐catalyzed Fukuyama cross‐coupling of racemic benzylic organozinc reagents with thioesters has been developed. The reaction furnishes enantioenriched acyclic α‐disubstituted ketone products in good yields and high enantioselectivities. A broad substrate scope is achieved under mild reaction conditions to prevent racemization of the potentially labile tertiary stereocenters.
Preparation, characterization, electrical and antibacterial properties of sericin/poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) composites
Authors: Ramesan M. T. , Athira V. K. , Jayakrishnan P. , Gopinathan C. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTIn this study, we focused on the fabrication of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP)/sericin composites via a simple solution‐blending method. The composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, UV spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and measurements of the conductivity, tensile strength, and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The results of FTIR and UV spectroscopy implied the occurrence of hydrogen bonding between sericin and the PVA/PVP blend. The structure and morphology, studied by XRD and SEM, revealed that the sericin particles were well dispersed and arranged in an orderly fashion in the blend. The glass‐transition temperature (Tg) of the composite was higher than that of the pure blend, and the Tg value shifted toward higher temperatures when the volume fraction of sericin increased. TGA indicated that sericin retarded the thermal degradation; this depended on the filler concentration. The mechanical and electrical properties, such as the tensile strength, alternating‐current electrical conductivity, dielectric constant, and dielectric loss of the composites, were higher than those of the pure blend, and these properties were enhanced when the concentration of sericin was increased up to 10 wt % filler content, whereas the elongation at break of the composite decreased with the addition of sericin particles. The antibacterial properties of the composite showed that sericin had a significant inhibitory effect against S. aureus. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43535.
Identification of Optimal Mouse Models of Systemic Sclerosis by Interspecies Comparative Genomics
Authors: Sargent Jennifer L. , Li Zhenghui , Aliprantis Antonios O. , Greenblatt Matthew , Lemaire Raphael , Wu Ming‐hua , Wei Jun , Taroni Jaclyn , Harris Adam , Long Kristen B. , Burgwin Chelsea , Artlett Carol M. , Blankenhorn Elizabeth P. , Lafyatis Robert , Varga John , Clark Stephen H. , Whitfield Michael L. 
Published: March 2016

ObjectiveUnderstanding the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc) is confounded by considerable disease heterogeneity. Animal models of SSc that recapitulate distinct subsets of disease at the molecular level have not been delineated. We applied interspecies comparative analysis of genomic data from multiple mouse models of SSc and patients with SSc to determine which animal models best reflect the SSc intrinsic molecular subsets.MethodsGene expression measured in skin from mice with sclerodermatous graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD), bleomycin‐induced fibrosis, Tsk1/+ or Tsk2/+ mice was mapped to human orthologs and compared to SSc skin biopsy–derived gene expression. Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) activation was assessed using a responsive signature in mice, and tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 12A (TNFRSF12A) expression was measured in SSc patient and mouse skin.ResultsGene expression in skin from mice with sclerodermatous GVHD and bleomycin‐induced fibrosis corresponded to that in SSc patients in the inflammatory molecular subset. In contrast, Tsk2/+ mice showed gene expression corresponding to the fibroproliferative SSc subset. Enrichment of a TGFβ‐responsive signature was observed in both Tsk2/+ mice and mice with bleomycin‐induced skin fibrosis. Expression of TNFRSF12A (the TWEAK receptor/fibroblast growth factor–inducible 14) was elevated in skin from patients with fibroproliferative SSc and the skin of Tsk2/+ mice.ConclusionThis study reveals similarities in cutaneous gene expression between distinct mouse models of SSc and specific molecular subsets of the disease. Different pathways underlie the intrinsic subsets including TGFβ, interleukin‐13 (IL‐13), and IL‐4. We identify a novel target, Tnfrsf12a, with elevated expression in skin from patients with fibroproliferative SSc and Tsk2/+ mice. These findings will inform mechanistic and translational preclinical studies in SSc.
Long‐term outcomes following drug‐eluting stents versus bare metal stents for primary percutaneous coronary intervention: A real‐world analysis of 11,181 patients from the british columbia cardiac registry
Authors: Iqbal M. Bilal , Nadra Imad J. , Ding Lillian , Fung Anthony , Aymong Eve , Chan Albert W. , Hodge Steven , Robinson Simon D. , Siega Anthony Della ,   On Behalf of the British Columbia Cardiac Registry Investigators
Published: March 2016

BackgroundDrug eluting stents (DES) are associated with reduced risk of restenosis when compared with bare metal stents (BMS). Their use in ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is debated, owing to concerns about stent thrombosis. There are limited real‐world data comparing DES versus BMS in STEMI. We conducted an observational analysis in this setting and rigorously adjusted for treatment selection bias.MethodsWe analyzed 11,181 consecutive patients with acute STEMI who received either DES or BMS during 2008‐2014 in the British Columbia Cardiac Registry. We analyzed target vessel revascularization (TVR) and mortality at 2 years.ResultsMultivariable‐adjusted, propensity‐matched and inverse probability‐treatment weighted analyses found DES to be associated with early and late survival up to 2 years but not TVR. However, when adjusting for measured and unmeasured confounders, instrumental variable (IV) analyses demonstrated that DES use was associated with reduced TVR up to 2 years (Δ = −6.7%, 95% CI: −10.0%, −3.4%, P < 0.001). DES use was not associated with mortality at 1 year (Δ = −2.3%, 95% CI: −5.0%, 0.4%, P = 0.100) but associated with reduced mortality at 2 years (Δ = −5.4%, 95% CI: −8.3%, −2.5%, P < 0.001). Stratified IV analyses indicated that this long‐term survival benefit was largely attributable to the second generation DES.ConclusionsIn this study of patients with STEMI, when adjusting for measured and unmeasured factors, DES use was associated with reduced TVR and long‐term survival beyond 1 year. This long‐term survival was largely attributable to the second generation DES. These real‐world data are reassuring and support the use of DES for STEMI. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Light‐Controlled Simultaneous Resistive and Ferroelectricity Switching Effects of BiFeO3 Film for a Flexible Multistate High‐Storage Memory Device
Authors: Sun Bai , Tang Mei , Gao Ju , Li Chang Ming 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA flexible memory device with an ITO/BiFeO3/Ti/Polyimide structure is prepared for light‐controlled simultaneous resistive and ferroelectricity switching effects, achieving a multistate high‐storage memory capacity. The mechanism for superior storage performance is discussed in detail. This work holds a great promise for a flexible and wearable light‐controlled non‐volatile multistate memory device with a high capacity and low cost.