bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phosphorylation of calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II in the rat dorsal medial prefrontal cortex is associated with alcohol‐induced cognitive inflexibility
Authors: Natividad Luis A. , Steinman Michael Q. , Laredo Sarah A. , Irimia Cristina , Polis Ilham Y. , Lintz Robert , Buczynski Matthew W. , Martin‐Fardon Rémi , Roberto Marisa , Parsons Loren H. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractRepeated cycles of alcohol [ethanol (EtOH)] intoxication and withdrawal dysregulate excitatory glutamatergic systems in the brain and induce neuroadaptations in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) that contribute to cognitive dysfunction. The mPFC is composed of subdivisions that are functionally distinct, with dorsal regions facilitating drug‐cue associations and ventral regions modulating new learning in the absence of drug. A key modulator of glutamatergic activity is the holoenzyme calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) that phosphorylates ionotropic glutamate receptors. Here, we examined the hypothesis that abstinence from chronic intermittent EtOH (CIE) exposure dysregulates CaMKII activity in the mPFC to impair cognitive flexibility. We used an operant model of strategy set shifting in male Long–Evans rats demonstrating reduced susceptibility to trial omissions during performance in a visual cue‐guided task versus albino strains. Relative to naïve controls, rats experiencing approximately 10 days of abstinence from CIE vapor exposure demonstrated impaired performance during a procedural shift from visual cue to spatial location discrimination. Phosphorylation of CaMKII subtype α was upregulated in the dorsal, but not ventral mPFC of CIE‐exposed rats, and was positively correlated with perseverative‐like responding during the set shift. The findings suggest that abstinence from CIE exposure induces an undercurrent of kinase activity (e.g. CaMKII), which may promote aberrant glutamatergic responses in select regions of the mPFC. Given the role of the mPFC in modulating executive control of behavior, we propose that increased CaMKII subtype α activity reflects a dysregulated ‘top‐down’ circuit that interferes with adaptive behavioral performance under changing environmental demands.
Designing and evaluating sustainable development pathways for semi‐subsistence crop–livestock systems: lessons from Kenya
Authors: Valdivia Roberto O. , Antle John M. , Stoorvogel Jetse J. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAchieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in African agriculture requires a better understanding why high levels of poverty and resource degradation persist in African agriculture despite decades of policy interventions and development projects. In this article, we hypothesize that policies need to account for the key features of the semi‐subsistence crop–livestock systems (CLS) in the region to become effective. The semi‐subsistence CLS are characterized by a high degree of biophysical and economic heterogeneity and a complex, diversified production system involving a combination of subsistence and cash crops with livestock. We investigated the potential for interventions proposed by the Government of Kenya to meet the SDGs by 2030. The analysis uses an integrated modeling approach designed to deal with the key features of these systems. A strategy that stimulates rural development, increases farm size to a sustainable level, and reduces distortions and inefficiencies in input and output markets could lead to a sustainable development pathway and achieve the SDGs for rural households dependent on CLS.
Canine conjoined twinning: A pathoanatomical study of a Lhasa Apso symmetrical cephalothoracopagus
Authors: Moura E. , Thon B. , Pimpão C. T. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryA female pair of conjoined twins of the Lhasa Apso canine breed was subjected to tomographic and anatomical examinations. The twins had only one head and neck. The two ribcages were joined, extending to the umbilicus, with duplicated structures thereafter. They had three thoracic limbs and two pelvic girdles with four limbs, as well as a number of abnormalities in their internal organs. The data obtained were compared with the rare canine cases reported so far and with human cases.
Osteology and radiology of the Maned Wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) pelvic limb
Authors: Siqueira R. C. , Rahal S. C. , Inamassu L. R. , Mamprim M. J. , Felix M. , Castilho M. S. , Mesquita L. R. , Ribeiro V. L. , Teixeira C. R. , Rassy F. B. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryThis study describes the osteology and radiology of the pelvic limb in maned wolves. Ten (five live and five dead) maned wolves (Chrysocyon brachyurus), five males and five females, aged from 2 to 7 years old were used. Digital radiographs were taken and recorded for both pelvic limbs in all animals. Osteology was correlated with the radiographic images. The pelvis had a rectangular shape, and the obturator foramen (foramen obturatum) was oval. The femoral neck (collum femoris) was short and thick. The greater trochanter (trochanter major) extended proximally to near the dorsum of the femoral head (caput ossis femoris). The lateral femoral condyle (condylus lateralis) was larger than the medial condyle (condylus medialis), and the intercondylar fossa (fossa intercondylaris) had a slightly oblique orientation. The proximal tibia displayed medial and lateral condyles with the medial larger. The femur was slightly shorter than the tibia. Seven tarsal bones (ossa tarsi) were present, four long metatarsal bones (ossa metatarsalia II ‐ V) and a short first metatarsal bone (os metatarsal I).
Videolaryngoscopy vs. direct laryngoscopy use by experienced anaesthetists in patients with known difficult airways: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Pieters B. M. A. , Maas E. H. A. , Knape J. T. A. , van Zundert A. A. J. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryExperienced anaesthetists can be confronted with difficult or failed tracheal intubations. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis to ascertain if the literature indicated if videolaryngoscopy conferred an advantage when used by experienced anaesthetists managing patients with a known difficult airway. We searched PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane central register of controlled trials up to 1 January 2017. Outcome parameters extracted from studies were: first‐attempt success of tracheal intubation; time to successful intubation; number of intubation attempts; Cormack and Lehane grade; use of airway adjuncts (e.g. stylet, gum elastic bougie); and complications (e.g. mucosal and dental trauma). Nine studies, including 1329 patients, fulfilled the inclusion criteria. First‐attempt success was greater for all videolaryngoscopes (OR 0.34 (95%CI 0.18–0.66); p = 0.001). Use of videolaryngoscopy was associated with a significantly better view of the glottis (Cormack and Lehane grades 1 and 2 vs. 3–4, OR 0.04 (95%CI 0.01–0.15); p < 0.00001). Mucosal trauma occurred less with the use of videolaryngoscopy (OR 0.16 (95%CI 0.04–0.75); p = 0.02). Videolaryngoscopy has added value for the experienced anaesthetist, improving first‐time success, the view of the glottis and reducing mucosal trauma.
Relationship of aquaporins 3 (AQP3), 7 (AQP7), and 11 (AQP11) with boar sperm resilience to withstand freeze–thawing procedures
Authors: Prieto‐Martínez N. , Vilagran I. , Morató R. , Rivera del Álamo M. M. , Rodríguez‐Gil J. E. , Bonet S. , Yeste M. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryCryopreservation is the most suitable method to preserve boar spermatozoa over long‐term storage. However, freeze–thawing protocols inflict extensive damage to sperm cells, reducing their viability and compromising their fertilizing ability. In addition, high individual variability is known to exist between boar ejaculates, which may be classified as of good (GFE) or poor (PFE) freezability. While conventional spermiogram parameters fail to predict sperm cryotolerance in fresh spermatozoa, high levels of certain proteins, also known as freezability markers, have been found to be related to the sperm resilience to withstand freeze–thawing procedures. In this context, the hypothesis of this study was that aquaporins AQP3, AQP7, and AQP11 could be linked to boar sperm cryotolerance. Twenty‐nine ejaculates were evaluated and subsequently classified as GFE or PFE based upon their sperm viability and motility at post‐thawing. Fourteen ejaculates resulted to be GFE, whereas the other fifteen were found to be PFE. Relative abundances of AQP3, AQP7, and AQP11 and their localization patterns were evaluated in all fresh and frozen–thawed ejaculates through immunoblotting and immunocytochemistry. Prior to cryopreservation, relative amounts of AQP3 and AQP7 were found to be significantly (p < 0.05) higher in GFE than in PFE. In contrast, no significant differences (p > 0.05) between freezability groups were found for AQP11, despite GFE tending to present higher levels of this protein. The localization of AQP7, but not that of AQP3 or AQP11, was observed to be affected by cryopreservation procedures. In conclusion, these results suggest that AQP3 and AQP7 are related to boar sperm cryotolerance and may be used as freezability markers.
Seeding alters plant community trajectory: Impacts of seeding, grazing and trampling on semi‐arid re‐vegetation
Authors: Farrell Hannah L. , Fehmi Jeffrey S. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractQuestionsHow do seeding, cattle grazing, and vehicular use impact vegetation establishment and soil movement on a newly reclaimed pipeline right‐of‐way? Will these factors result in differing plant community trajectories?LocationSouthern Arizona (USA).MethodsWithin a pipeline disturbance, we randomly selected nine plots to be seeded with an 18 species mix and nine to be left unseeded. Adjacent to the disturbance, we selected nine undisturbed unseeded control plots for a total of 27 plots (30 m × 45 m each). Within each of the 27 plots, we established a grazed–trampled, grazed–untrampled and ungrazed–untrampled subplot. One year after pipeline reclamation, we analysed the impacts of seeding, grazing and trampling on native plant cover, undesirable plant cover, herbaceous biomass, species richness, soil movement and plant community trajectories in comparison to surrounding undisturbed sites.ResultsSeeding disturbed sites with a diverse seed mix resulted in greater native plant cover, higher species richness and fewer undesirable species than were found in unseeded disturbed sites. Unseeded disturbed areas were similar to the undisturbed control areas in species richness and had comparable plant community trajectories. The combined impacts of grazing and trampling reduced native plant cover and herbaceous biomass and were associated with increased soil erosion in comparison to subplots protected from grazing and trampling.ConclusionsNatural vegetation recruitment can be a viable option in semi‐arid reclamation projects when the soil seed bank is preserved and there are proximal seed sources. While seeding improved quantitative vegetation metrics, using a seed mix comprised of different species than the preexisting vegetation may set the reclaimed vegetation on a different plant community trajectory. The general prescription of protecting new reclamation sites from grazing and trampling is supported.
Genetic mapping using 1.4M SNP array refined loci for fatty acid composition traits in Chinese Erhualian and Bamaxiang pigs
Authors: Zhang J. , Zhang Y. , Gong H. , Cui L. , Huang T. , Ai H. , Ren J. , Huang L. , Yang B. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryChinese indigenous pigs display marked genetic and phenotypic differences compared with western commercial pigs. In this study, we tested the association between 660K SNPs and longissimus muscle fatty acid composition traits in Chinese Erhualian (n = 331) and Bamaxiang (n = 315) pigs based on a customized 1.4 million SNP array. We identified a total of 64 significant associations for 20 fatty acid composition traits at the p‐value threshold of 1 × 10−6 among which 42 associations in low linkage disequilibrium (r2 < .2) with previously reported loci were considered novel. We substantially improved the strength and precision of the associations at four previously detected loci near FADS2, ELOVL7, ELOVL6 and FASN genes, facilitating follow‐up candidate gene studies. Moreover, we also identified loci near ABCD2, ACSBG1, ELOVL5, HPGDS, DAGT2, ACAD10 and ACSL1 genes with function relevant to metabolism of fatty acids. In this study, valuable genetic variants and candidate genes associated with fatty acid composition traits were identified in Erhualian and Bamaxiang pigs. Some identified loci could be used to improve pork nutrition in pig breeding practice. Using the SNP array with higher marker density and less ascertainment bias improved QTL detection power and precision in Chinese indigenous pigs.
Blood pressure response to metoprolol and chlorthalidone in European and African Americans with hypertension
Authors: Mehanna Mai , Gong Yan , McDonough Caitrin W. , Beitelshees Amber L. , Gums John G. , Chapman Arlene B. , Schwartz Gary L. , Johnson Julie A. , Turner Stephen T. , Cooper‐DeHoff Rhonda M. 
Published: September 2017

Despite the availability of many antihypertensive drug classes, half of patients with hypertension have uncontrolled blood pressure (BP). The authors sought to assess the effect of age on BP response in European American and African American patients with hypertension. Clinic BP from the PEAR2 (Pharmacogenomics Evaluation of Antihypertensive Responses 2) study was used to estimate BP responses from baseline following sequential treatment with metoprolol 100 mg twice daily and chlorthalidone 25 mg daily for 8 to 9 weeks each, with a minimum 4‐week washout between treatments. BP responses to both drugs were compared in 159 European Americans and 119 African Americans by age with adjustment for baseline BP and sex. European Americans younger than 50 years responded better to metoprolol than chlorthalidone (diastolic BP: −9.6 ± 8.0 vs −5.9 ± 6.8 mm Hg, adjusted P = .003), whereas patients 50 years and older responded better to chlorthalidone than metoprolol (systolic BP: −18.7 ± 13.8 vs −13.6 ± 14.8 mm Hg, adjusted P = .008). African Americans younger than 50 years responded similarly to both drugs, whereas those 50 years and older responded better to chlorthalidone than metoprolol (−17.0 ± 13.2/−9.6 ± 7.5 vs −7.0 ± 18.6/−6.7 ± 9.3 mm Hg, adjusted P<.0001/.008). Therefore, age should be considered when selecting antihypertensive therapy in European and African American populations with hypertension.
Double‐Layer Surface Modification of Polyamide Denture Base Material by Functionalized Sol‐Gel Based Silica for Adhesion Improvement
Authors: Hafezeqoran Ali , Koodaryan Roodabeh 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPurposeLimited surface treatments have been proposed to improve the bond strength between autopolymerizing resin and polyamide denture base materials. Still, the bond strength of autopolymerizing resins to nylon polymer is not strong enough to repair the fractured denture effectively. This study aimed to introduce a novel method to improve the adhesion of autopolymerizing resin to polyamide polymer by a double layer deposition of sol‐gel silica and N‐2‐(aminoethyl)‐3‐aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (AE‐APTMS).Materials and MethodsThe silica sol was synthesized by acid‐catalyzed hydrolysis of tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) as silica precursors. Polyamide specimens were dipped in TEOS‐derived sol (TS group, n = 28), and exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light under O2 flow for 30 minutes. UV‐treated specimens were immersed in AE‐APTMS solution and left for 24 hours at room temperature. The other specimens were either immersed in AE‐APTMS solution (AP group, n = 28) or left untreated (NT group, n = 28). Surface characterization was investigated by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Two autopolymerizing resins (subgroups G and T, n = 14) were bonded to the specimens, thermocycled, and then tested for shear bond strength with a universal testing machine. Data were analyzed with one‐way ANOVA followed by Tukey's HSD (α = 0.05).ResultsFTIR spectra of treated surfaces confirmed the chemical modification and appearance of functional groups on the polymer. One‐way ANOVA revealed significant differences in shear bond strength among the study groups. Tukey's HSD showed that TST and TSG groups had significantly higher shear bond strength than control groups (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Moreover, bond strength values of APT were statistically significant compared to controls (p = 0.017).ConclusionAmino functionalized TEOS‐derived silica coating is a simple and cost‐effective method for improving the bond strength between the autopolymerizing resin and polyamide denture base. Clinical implications: Amino‐functionalized silica coating could represent a more applicable and convenient option for improving the repair strength of autopolymerizing resin to polyamide polymer.
PROPERTY AND OWNERSHIP IN VANUATU: The Lengnangulong Sacred Stone from North Ambrym at the Pavillon des Sessions of the Musée du Louvre
Authors: DeBlock Hugo 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe Lengnangulong sacred stone from the village of Magam, North Ambrym, which was collected in 1949 and has been exhibited at the Pavillon des Sessions of the Musée du Louvre in Paris since 2000, is at the forefront of discussions among local people in Vanuatu. Their concerns center on issues of meaning and ownership as well as on the value of intellectual and material cultural property. Since 1997, the stone's original owners in Magam have been appealing for its repatriation; they wish to either own it again or at least have a connection to it by being recognized as the proper owners. Based on fieldwork in the archipelago, primarily on Ambrym in 2009–10, I position these discussions within the contemporary context of the ongoing revival of kastom as well as the development of tourism. In addition, I situate them within the specific context of museums in the West and ongoing practices of production and sale in Vanuatu. The complex life history of the Lengnangulong sacred stone is entwined with history as well as contemporary society in Vanuatu. Objects that were collected over time still belong to local communities. I show how local people are active agents in property claims over their contested objects.
Comparison of fasting and non‐fasting patients receiving intravenous (IV) sedation
Authors: Besi E. , Besi C. , Lees R. , Morrison A. , O'Connor N. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAimIn 2015 the Intercollegiate Advisory Committee for Sedation in Dentistry published a national standard for the provision of conscious sedation in dentistry. This document highlighted the need for justification of the decision not to fast patients prior to administration ofIVsedation. The aim of this case control study was to compare a fasting (F) and non‐fasting (NF) group of patients undergoing oral surgery procedures underIVsedation, and to assess for sedation related complications in both groups.Material and methodsA total of 228 patients were analysed, with 114 patients in each group.ResultsMean age was 33 years for the F group and 30.2 years for theNFgroup. The average midazolam dose was 5.11 mg for the F group and 5.72 for theNFgroup (pa = 0.03). The mean recovery time was: 38.53 min for the F group and 36.57 min for theNFgroup (pa = 0.14). Extra measures required included: supplemental oxygen for 5 patients in the F group and 6 patients in theNFgroup, Oral glucose was given during the recovery period to 6 patients in the F group. 1 patient in the F group was unable to be cannulated.ConclusionsPracticing minimal to moderate sedation inASA1 and 2 non‐fasting patients is safe and in our study appears to give less complications than the fasting patients.
Cassava brown streak disease in Rwanda, the associated viruses and disease phenotypes
Authors: Munganyinka E. , Ateka E. M. , Kihurani A. W. , Kanyange M. C. , Tairo F. , Sseruwagi P. , Ndunguru J. 
Published: September 2017

Cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) was first observed on cassava (Manihot esculenta) in Rwanda in 2009. In 2014 eight major cassava‐growing districts in the country were surveyed to determine the distribution and variability of symptom phenotypes associated with CBSD, and the genetic diversity of cassava brown streak viruses. Distribution of the CBSD symptom phenotypes and their combinations varied greatly between districts, cultivars and their associated viruses. The symptoms on leaf alone recorded the highest (32.2%) incidence, followed by roots (25.7%), leaf + stem (20.3%), leaf + root (10.4%), leaf + stem + root (5.2%), stem + root (3.7%), and stem (2.5%) symptoms. Analysis by RT‐PCR showed that single infections of Ugandan cassava brown streak virus (UCBSV) were most common (74.2% of total infections) and associated with all the seven phenotypes studied. Single infections of Cassava brown streak virus (CBSV) were predominant (15.3% of total infections) in CBSD‐affected plants showing symptoms on stems alone. Mixed infections (CBSV + UCBSV) comprised 10.5% of total infections and predominated in the combinations of leaf + stem + root phenotypes. Phylogenetic analysis and the estimates of evolutionary divergence, using partial sequences (210 nt) of the coat protein gene, revealed that in Rwanda there is one type of CBSV and an indication of diverse UCBSV. This study is the first to report the occurrence and distribution of both CBSV and UCBSV based on molecular techniques in Rwanda.
Uber Über regulation? Regulatory change following the emergence of new technologies in the taxi market
Authors: Tzur Amit 
Published: September 2017

AbstractCan emerging technologies transform not only markets, but also foster new regulatory change mechanisms? In the context of prevailing theories of regulatory change, this article explores the extent to which an interest‐based explanation can account for the regulatory responses toward emerging Transportation Network Companies (TNCs). Based on a primary cross‐city analysis of the 40 largest cities in the United States, the study found that although the existence ofex anteinterest groups indeed somewhat limited the extent of ex post regulatory acceptance of TNCs, regulators seemed to prefer the newcomers over existing incumbents and approved TNCs in 77.5 percent of the examined cities, rarely pursuing harsh enforcement even when TNCs operated illegally. The research attempts to explain this intriguing phenomenon by extending the interest‐based approach to account for the key role played by “technological regulatory entrepreneurs.” The entrepreneurs bridged collective action barriers by becoming the central agent that managed, and reaped the benefits of, the collective action, by lowering the organizational costs and by disseminating information effectively and turning consumers into political campaigners, thus successfully promoting regulatory change.