bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clearance of stored red blood cells is not increased compared with fresh red blood cells in a human endotoxemia model
Authors: Peters Anna L. , Beuger Boukje , Mock Donald M. , Widness John A. , de Korte Dirk , Juffermans Nicole P. , Vlaar Alexander P.J. , van Bruggen Robin 
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUNDIt is thought that the clearance of transfused red blood cells (RBCs) is related both to the storage time of the transfusion product and to the inflammatory status of the recipient. We investigated these effects in a randomized, “two‐hit,” healthy volunteer transfusion model, comparing autologous RBCs that were stored for 35 days with those that were stored for 2 days.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSHealthy male volunteers donated 1 unit of autologous RBCs either 2 days (2D) or 35 days (35D) before the study date. The experiment was started by infusion of 2 ng/kg lipopolysaccharide (“first hit”). Two hours later, the stored RBCs (“second hit”) were reinfused, followed by the labeling of RBCs with biotin. Clearance of biotin‐labeled RBCs (BioRBCs) was measured during the 5‐hour posttransfusion endotoxemia period along with measurements of phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure, lactadherin binding, and expression of CD47 (cluster of differentiation 47; a transmembrane protein encoded by the CD47 gene).RESULTSIn the 2D stored RBCs group, 1.5% ± 3.4% of infused BioRBCs were cleared from the circulation 5 hours posttransfusion versus 4.8% ± 4.0% in the 35D stored RBCs group (p = 0.1). There were no differences in PS exposure, lactadherin binding, or CD47 expression between fresh and stored RBCs or between pretransfusion and posttransfusion measurements.CONCLUSIONOur study shows a low clearance of RBCs even during endotoxemia. Furthermore, short‐term clearance of BioRBCs during endotoxemia was not related to storage duration. Consistent with these observations, PS exposure, lactadherin binding, and CD47 expression did not differ between 2D and 35D stored cells before or after transfusion. We conclude that, in the presence of endotoxemia, clearance of 35D stored autologous RBCs is not increased compared with 2D stored fresh RBCs.
Quality of Adhesions After Sutured Paramedian vs. Laparoscopic Toggle Abomasopexy in an Ovine Model
Authors: Thomas Keri L. , Wilson David G. , Bracamonte José L. , Carmalt James L. , Luby Christopher D. 
Published: April 2016

ObjectiveTo evaluate adhesions created by abomasopexies using either chromic gut or polydioxanone suture through a right paramedian approach and determine whether a laparoscopic toggle technique is an acceptable alternative to open abomasopexy using an ovine model.Study DesignExperimental study.AnimalsMature ewes (n=30).MethodsEwes received 1 of 3 abomasopexy techniques (n=10): right paramedian approach using chromic gut or polydioxanone, or a laparoscopic toggle technique. After euthanasia 8 weeks postoperatively, adhesions were removed en bloc and adhesion cross‐sectional area (width × length) and depth (distance from abdominal wall to abomasum) were measured and given a grade of 0–3 based on the quality of adhesion. Surgical time was recorded and compared for each technique. Significance was set atP≤.05.ResultsAbomasopexies performed with either suture material resulted in a significantly larger mean cross‐sectional area and higher adhesion grades compared to those performed using the toggle. Width and length of adhesions formed using chromic gut or polydioxanone were not significantly different; however, both were significantly wider and longer than those formed using the toggle. The laparoscopic toggle technique required significantly less surgical time than the sutured techniques.ConclusionPolydioxanone is as effective as chromic gut suture material in inducing abomasal adhesion formation in our sheep model. The clinical significance of the size and grade of adhesions formed is unknown and requires further investigation before the laparoscopic toggle technique can be recommended as a replacement for paramedian abomasopexy in cattle for the treatment of displaced abomasum.
Modular elliptic curves over the field of twelfth roots of unity
Authors: Jones Andrew 
Published: April 2016

In this paper we perform an extensive study of the spaces of automorphic forms for $\text{GL}_{2}$ of weight $2$ and level $\mathfrak{n}$, for $\mathfrak{n}$ an ideal in the ring of integers of the quartic CM field $\mathbb{Q}({\it\zeta}_{12})$ of twelfth roots of unity. This study is conducted through the computation of the Hecke module $H^{\ast }({\rm\Gamma}_{0}(\mathfrak{n}),\mathbb{C})$, and the corresponding Hecke action. Combining this Hecke data with the Faltings–Serre method for proving equivalence of Galois representations, we are able to provide the first known examples of modular elliptic curves over this field.Supplementary materials are available with this article.
Zooming in on the genesis of atherosclerotic plaque microcalcifications
Authors: Ruiz Jessica L. , Weinbaum Sheldon , Aikawa Elena , Hutcheson Joshua D. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractEpidemiological evidence conclusively demonstrates that calcium burden is a significant predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality; however, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. These observations have challenged the previously held notion that calcification serves to stabilize the atherosclerotic plaque. Recent studies have shown that microcalcifications that form within the fibrous cap of the plaques lead to the accrual of plaque‐destabilizing mechanical stress. Given the association between calcification morphology and cardiovascular outcomes, it is important to understand the mechanisms leading to calcific mineral deposition and growth from the earliest stages. We highlight the open questions in the field of cardiovascular calcification and include a review of the proposed mechanisms involved in extracellular vesicle‐mediated mineral deposition.
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Modified Fermi energy of electrons in a superhigh magnetic field
Authors: Zhu Cui , Gao Zhi Fu , Li Xiang Dong , Wang Na , Yuan Jian Ping , Peng Qiu He 
Published: April 2016

In this paper, we investigate the electron Landau level stability and its influence on the electron Fermi energy, [Formula: see text], in the circumstance of magnetars, which are powered by magnetic field energy. In a magnetar, the Landau levels of degenerate and relativistic electrons are strongly quantized. A new quantity [Formula: see text], the electron Landau level stability coefficient is introduced. According to the requirement that [Formula: see text] decreases with increasing the magnetic field intensity [Formula: see text], the magnetic field index [Formula: see text] in the expression of [Formula: see text] must be positive. By introducing the Dirac-[Formula: see text] function, we deduce a general formulae for the Fermi energy of degenerate and relativistic electrons, and obtain a particular solution to [Formula: see text] in a superhigh magnetic field (SMF). This solution has a low magnetic field index of [Formula: see text], compared with the previous one, and works when [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] Gauss. By modifying the phase space of relativistic electrons, a SMF can enhance the electron number density [Formula: see text], and decrease the maximum of electron Landau level number, which results in a redistribution of electrons. According to Pauli exclusion principle, the degenerate electrons will fill quantum states from the lowest Landau level to the highest Landau level. As [Formula: see text] increases, more and more electrons will occupy higher Landau levels, though [Formula: see text] decreases with the Landau level number [Formula: see text]. The enhanced [Formula: see text] in a SMF means an increase in the electron Fermi energy and an increase in the electron degeneracy pressure. The results are expected to facilitate the study of the weak-interaction processes inside neutron stars and the magnetic-thermal evolution mechanism for magnetars.
About the diffusion mechanism in the silica liquid
Authors: Nhan N. T. T. , Kien P. H. , Hung P. K. , Hong N. V. , San L. T. 
Published: April 2016

In this paper, we have numerically studied the diffusion mechanism in silica liquid based on the idea that the collective movement of particles is controlled by reactions [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Four models at temperatures from 2600 K to 3500 K have been constructed by molecular dynamic simulation. The simulation shows that the liquid has a small amount of defect-cells which are of importance for the diffusion. In particular, the majority of reactions happen via defect-cells SiO5 and OSi3. Moreover, the defect-cells do not uniformly distribute in the liquid, but they have a tendency to locate nearby forming large cluster. Further, it is revealed that the spatial distribution of reactions is heterogeneous. We found two distinct clusters. First cluster (none-reaction cluster) consists of particles on which no reaction happens. The second cluster (reaction cluster) includes particles where the reactions happen. The size of clusters found is dependent with temperature and diffusion time. Moreover, the mobility of particles in none-reaction cluster is significantly smaller than in reaction cluster. This indicates the dynamics heterogeneity in the liquid. We suggest that the dynamics slowdown is originated from the percolation of none-reaction cluster.
An Inference Methodology for Selecting and Clustering Genes Based on Likelihood Ratio Test
Authors: Liu Ruiyin , Tao Jian , Wang Dehui 
Published: April 2016

Peddada et al. (Gene selected and clustering for time-course and close-response microarray experiments using order-restricted inference, Bioinformatics 19 (2003): 834–841) proposed a new method for selecting and clustering genes according to their time-course or dose-response profiles. Their method necessitates the assumption of a constant variance through time or among dosages. This homoscedasticity assumption is, however, seldom satisfied in practice. In this paper, via the application of Shi’s algorithms and a modified bootstrap procedure (N. Z. Shi, Maximum likelihood estimation of means and variances from normal populations under simulations order restrictions (J. Multivariate Anal. 50 (1994) 282–293), we proposed a generalized order-restricted inference method which releases the homoscedasticity restriction. Simulation results show that procedures considered in this paper as well as those by Peddada et al. (Gene selected and clustering for time-course and close-response microarray experiments using order-restricted inference, Bioinformatics 19 (2003) 834–841) are generally comparable in terms of Type I error rate while our proposed algorithms are usually more powerful.
Molecular Mechanism of Mutant CALR–Mediated Transformation
Authors: Stanley Robert F. , Steidl Ulrich 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Summary: Elf and colleagues used an elegant series of functional and biochemical assays to investigate the molecular mechanism of mutant calreticulin (CALR)–driven cellular transformation in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). Mutant CALR is sufficient to induce MPN in mouse transplantation experiments, and transformation is dependent upon physical interaction mediated by the positive electrostatic charge of the mutant CALR C-terminal domain and the thrombopoietin receptor MPL. Cancer Discov; 6(4); 344–6. ©2016 AACR.
See related article by Elf et al., p. 368.
STAT5 Loss Awakens the Dark Force in Natural Killer Cells
Authors: Ni Jing , Cerwenka Adelheid 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Summary: Natural killer cells (NK) are commonly considered to be potent antitumor effector cells. The study by Gotthardt and colleagues challenges this concept and reveals that STAT5-deficient/inhibited NK cells induce angiogenesis and promote tumor progression. These unexpected findings shed new light on potential adverse effects of JAK–STAT inhibitors in the clinics. Cancer Discov; 6(4); 347–9. ©2016 AACR.
See related article by Gotthardt et al., p. 414.
Typhoon Aid and Development: The Effects of Typhoon-Resistant Schools and Instructional Resources on Educational Attainment in the Philippines
Authors: Cas Ava Gail 
Published: April 2016

This paper examines the effects on educational attainment of assistance programs that provided typhoon-resistant secondary schools and instructional resources in the Philippines. Using the variation in the availability of assistance programs and differences in exposure across age cohorts induced by the timing of the allocation of program packages, I find positive and statistically significant impacts on education outcomes for both boys and girls. For boys, the presence of typhoon-resistant schools equipped with instructional resources led to an average increase of 0.26–0.31 years of education, while the presence of instructional resources alone led to an average increase of 0.23–0.26 years of education. For girls, the availability of both components led to an average increase of 0.23–0.32 years of education, while the availability of either component alone did not seem to have an effect.
Diurnal Course of Carbon Dioxide Mixing Ratios in the Urban Boundary Layer in Response to Surface Emissions
Authors: Crawford B. , Christen A. , McKendry I. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractObservations of carbon dioxide (CO2) mixing ratios in the urban boundary layer (UBL) are rare, even though there is potential for such measurements to be used to monitor city-scale net CO2 emissions. This work presents a unique dataset of CO2 mixing ratios observed in the UBL above Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, by means of a tethered balloon system over a continuous 24-h summertime period. Vertical profiles of CO2 mixing ratios are found to vary according to UBL thermal structure and mechanical dynamics (development of convective and nocturnal boundary layers, vertical mixing from mechanical turbulence, horizontal advection from land–sea thermal breezes, and vertical entrainment). A box model is applied to quantify net city-scale surface emissions to the UBL volume using the measured rate of change of UBL CO2 mixing ratios and estimated CO2 advection and entrainment fluxes. The diurnal course of city-scale net emissions predicted by the model is similar to simultaneous local-scale eddy-covariance CO2 flux measurements, although there are relatively large uncertainties in hourly model calculations of horizontal advection and vertical entrainment fluxes due to inputs of regional background CO2 mixing ratios. Daily city-scale emissions totals predicted by the model (20.2 gC m−2 day−1) are 35% larger than those measured simultaneously on an urban local-scale eddy-covariance flux tower and are within 32% of a spatially scaled municipal greenhouse gas inventory. However, these methods are not expected to agree exactly because they represent different spatial source areas and include different CO2 source and sink processes.
Shear-wave velocity structure of the shallow sediments in the Bohai Sea from an ocean-bottom-seismometer survey
Authors: Wang Yuan , Li Zhiwei , You Qingyu , Hao Tianyao , Xing Jian , Liu Lihua , Zhao Chunlei , Li Xuelei , Hu Litian , Somerville Paul 
Published: April 2016

To investigate the seismic velocity structure of the shallow sediments in the Bohai Sea of China, we conducted a shear-wave velocity inversion of the surface-wave dispersion data from a survey of 12 ocean-bottom seismometers (OBSs) and 377 shots of a [Formula: see text] air gun. With OBS station spacing of approximately 5 km and air-gun shot spacing of approximately 190 m, high-quality Scholte-wave data were recorded by the OBSs within 0.4–5 km offset. We retrieved the Scholte-wave phase-velocity dispersion for the fundamental mode and first overtone in the frequency band of 0.9–3.0 Hz with the phase-shift method and inverted for the shear-wave velocity structure of the shallow sediments with a damped iterative least-squares algorithm. Pseudo-2D shear-wave velocity profiles with a depth of approximately 400 m revealed coherent features of relatively weak lateral velocity variation. We also estimated the uncertainty in shear-wave velocity structure based on the pseudo-2D profiles from six trial inversions with different initial models, which suggested a velocity uncertainty less than [Formula: see text] for most parts of the 2D profiles. The layered structure with little lateral variation may be attributable to the continuous sedimentary environment in the Cenozoic sedimentary basin of the Bohai Bay basin. The shear-wave velocity of 200–300 [Formula: see text] in the top 100 m of the Bohai seafloor may provide important information for offshore site response studies in earthquake engineering. Furthermore, the very low shear-wave velocity structure (150–600 [Formula: see text]) down to 400 m depth could produce a significant traveltime delay of approximately 1 s in the shear-wave arrivals, which needs to be considered to avoid serious bias in shear-wave traveltime tomographic models.
Post-chikungunya chronic inflammatory rheumatism: results from a retrospective follow-up study of 283 adult and child cases in La Virginia, Risaralda, Colombia
Authors: Rodriguez-Morales Alfonso J. , Gil-Restrepo Andrés F. , Ramírez-Jaramillo Valeria , Montoya-Arias Cindy P. , Acevedo-Mendoza Wilmer F. , Bedoya-Arias Juan E. , Chica-Quintero Laura A. , Murillo-García David R. , García-Robledo Juan E. , Castrillón-Spitia Juan D. , Londoño Jose J. , Bedoya-Rendón Hector D. , Cárdenas-Pérez Javier de Jesús , Cardona-Ospina Jaime A. , Lagos-Grisales Guillermo J. 
Published: April 2016

Objective: There are limited studies in Latin America regarding the chronic consequences of the Chikungunya virus (CHIK), such as post-CHIK chronic inflammatory rheumatism (pCHIK-CIR). We assessed the largest cohort so far of pCHIK-CIR in Latin America, at the municipality of La Virginia, Risaralda, a new endemic area of CHIK in Colombia.Methods: We conducted a cohort retrospective study in Colombia of 283 patients diagnosed with CHIK that persisted with pCHIK-CIR after a minimum of 6 weeks and up to a maximum of 26.1 weeks. pCHIK cases were identified according to validated criteria via telephone.Results: Of the total CHIK-infected subjects, 152 (53.7%) reported persistent rheumatological symptoms (pCHIK-CIR). All of these patients reported joint pains (chronic polyarthralgia, pCHIK-CPA), 49.5% morning stiffness, 40.6% joint edema, and 16.6% joint redness. Of all patients, 19.4% required and attended for care prior to the current study assessment (1.4% consulting rheumatologists). Significant differences in the frequency were observed according to age groups and gender. Patients aged >40 years old required more medical attention (39.5%) than those ≤40 years-old (12.1%) (RR=4.748, 95%CI 2.550-8.840).Conclusions: According to our results, at least half of the patients with CHIK developed chronic rheumatologic sequelae, and from those with pCHIK-CPA, nearly half presented clinical symptoms consistent with inflammatory forms of the disease. These results support previous estimates obtained from pooled data of studies in La Reunion (France) and India and are consistent with the results published previously from other Colombian cohorts in Venadillo (Tolima) and Since (Sucre).
Dochnahl’s pomological books and their relevance for botanical nomenclature
Authors: Greuter Werner , Holstein Norbert 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBiographical data are presented on Friedrich Jakob Dochnahl (1820–1904), a once prominent but long forgotten German pomologist. Two among his scientific works, the "New pomological system" of 1847 and the four‐volume "Secure guide in pomology" (1855–1860), being of interest for nomenclatural purposes, are presented and discussed in detail. The former includes 16 so far overlooked species names, none of which affects any name in current use. In the latter, 143 generic names and over 4000 species names are validly published, all of them completely ignored to date. In a corollary paper, suppression of that work is being proposed.
The typification of Murraya, M. exotica, and M. paniculata (Rutaceae): its significance for the world citrus industry
Authors: Mabberley David J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe history of publication of the generic name Murraya (“Murraea”, Rutaceae) is set out in the context of the interactions between Linnaeus, J.G. König, N.L. Burman, and C. Kleijnhoff. It is concluded that M. exotica L. (and therefore Murraya J.Koenig) must be typified by a sterile sheet in Linnaeus’s herbarium and not by a neotype recently proposed. To ensure stability of nomenclature for the horticultural and pharmacological industries, as well as in the plant pathological and other biological literature, it is proposed that Nair’s lectotypification of Chalcas paniculata L. (and therefore Chalcas L.), be superseded so as to maintain current usage of both Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack s.l. and M. paniculata s.str. to include orange jasmine.
East Asian Lobelioideae and ancient divergence of a giant rosette Lobelia in Himalayan Bhutan
Authors: Chen Ling-Yun , Wang Qing-Feng , Renner Susanne S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractLobelioideae comprise about 1200 species in 30 genera worldwide and include famous cases of parallel evolution in the “giant rosette” lobelias occurring in East Africa, Hawaii, and Bhutan. To date, no phylogeny has included the Himalayan giant lobelia, and its age and phylogenetic distance from the Hawaiian and African giant species (the latter in the same section as the Bhutan species) are therefore unknown. Asian Lobelioideae in general have received little attention, partly because of the difficult access to material. Here we use nuclear and plastid markers of Lobelioideae (with worldwide sampling) to test the monophyly of the section that includes most Asian lobelias, and we then use a reduced concatenated matrix to resolve the position of Lobelia nubigena from Bhutan and of the likewise cold‐adapted lowland species L. sessilifolia. Most sequences come from herbarium material. Lobelia nubigena diverged from its Asian lowland relatives 13.8 (12.6–15) million years ago (about the time of the Bhutan Himalaya orogeny), and in an unexpected twist, L. sessilifolia is the sister species to a huge clade (ca. 265 species) that comprises African, South American, Asian, and the entire Hawaiian Lobelioideae radiation. The African and Hawaiian high‐elevation lobelias in our sample are younger than L. nubigena, although the time when gigantism evolved in this species cannot be precisely inferred. Our results support the previously hypothesized Asian origin of (1) the Hawaiian Lobelioideae, (2) Southeast Asian islands lobelias, and (3) the African Lobelia‐Rynchopetalum group, which also reached South America.
Do Bright-Line Earnings Surprises Really Affect Stock Price Reactions?
Authors: Abarbanell Jeffery , Park Hyungshin 
Published: April 2016

Several influential studies have concluded that earnings surprises just to the right or to the left of a hypothesized bright line produce distinct price reactions compared with surrounding earnings surprises because they convey special meaning. In this study, we examine whether previous inferences of asymmetric stock price reactions to bright-line surprises are observed when empirical tests are designed to be consistent with a rational expectations equilibrium. Focusing on a small range of earnings surprises around hypothesized bright lines, we find no evidence of asymmetric price reactions once investors’ ex ante expectation of bias in earnings surprises is controlled. Results from additional tests yield support for the external validity of the theoretical framework underlying our bright-line pricing tests. Our findings suggest simple refinements to traditional bins-comparison and regression tests for asymmetric price reactions to bright-line earnings surprises, which account for necessary conditions implied by a rational expectations equilibrium. This paper was accepted by Mary Barth, accounting.