bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Terrorism and tourism in France: the limitations of dark tourism
Authors: Seraphin Hugues 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this viewpoint paper is to discuss whether dark tourism can be developed around the sites of recent terrorist attacks in France.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper is based on a literature review of key terms: dark tourism; tourism; and terrorism.

Findings
The paper observes that dark tourism is not popular in France, and dark tourism activities are unlikely to develop anywhere nearer the places where the recent terrorist attacks happened. France remains rather conservative in some aspects related to death.

Practical implications
Recent events in France might challenge the leadership of the destination. The disturbing commonalities between tourism and terrorism make it difficult to figure out suitable recovery strategies that would contribute to enhancing the image of the destination without jeopardising the life of civilians.

Originality/value
This paper presents France as a politically unstable tourist destination. In general, this scenario is normally associated with less-developed countries or non-established tourist destinations.
Relics of the Reich – dark tourism and Nazi sites in Germany
Authors: Philpott Colin 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the fate of the buildings and public spaces created by the Nazis. By doing so, the author explains how Germany has handled this difficult legacy as part of a wider narrative of Germany’s post-war national reconciliation with its Nazi past.

Design/methodology/approach
Visits to Germany; interviews with German academics and museum professionals running memorials and museums relevant to the subject; study of literature related to specific Nazi sites and also literature related to the Nazi legacy in Germany more generally, as well as discussion with academics interested in dark tourism and national self-examination of difficult historical legacies.

Findings
Far more Nazi buildings remain in existence than is generally realised. For many years after 1945, Germany ignored the architectural legacy of the Nazi period through a mixture of shame, other more pressing priorities and pragmatism. Originally, it was pressure from survivors and families of victims of Nazi terror that led to public acknowledgement of the historical significance of some Nazi sites. In more recent years, German reunification, the passing of the complicit generations in Germany and growing national self-confidence have led to a greater willingness to acknowledge the importance of these sites.

Originality/value
First paper in English examining Nazi architecture in the round and the first one offering a critical analysis of Germany’s handling of the architectural legacy of the Third Reich.
The House of the Wannsee Conference
Authors: Jasch Hans-Christian 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to profile the role played by the House of the Wannsee Conference, a house used by Nazis which is now an educational centre.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper provides a descriptive analysis supported by relevant literature.

Findings
The paper concludes that one of the biggest challenges for educational work at such a dark tourism site lies in simultaneously revealing and breaking or contextualizing the link between the site and the perspectives and the thinking of the perpetrators.

Originality/value
The paper provides a practitioner perspective on the challenges of linking education on a dark tourism theme with the history and atmosphere of the location itself.
CPT11 prevents virus replication in JCI cells persistently infected with JC polyomavirus
Authors: Nukuzuma Souichi , Nukuzuma Chiyoko , Kameoka Masanori , Sugiura Shigeki , Nakamichi Kazuo , Tasaki Takafumi , Takegami Tsutomu 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTJC polyomavirus (JCPyV) is the causative agent of the demyelinating disease of the central nervous system known as progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), which occurs in immunocompromised patients. Moreover, patients treated with natalizumab for multiple sclerosis or Crohn disease can develop PML, which is then termed natalizumab‐related PML. Because few drugs are currently available for treating PML, many antiviral agents are being investigated. It has been demonstrated that the topoisomerase I inhibitors topotecan and β‐lapachone have inhibitory effects on JCPyV replication in IMR‐32 cells. However, both of these drugs have marginal inhibitory effects on virus propagation in JC1 cells according to RT‐PCR analysis. In the present study, the inhibitory effect of another topoisomerase I inhibitor, 7‐ethy‐10‐[4‐(1‐piperidino)‐1‐piperidino] carbonyloxy camptothecin (CPT11), was assessed by investigating viral replication, propagation, and viral protein 1 (VP1) production in cultured cells. JCPyV replication was assayed using real‐time PCR combined with Dpn I treatment in IMR‐32 cells transfected with JCPyV DNA. It was found that JCPyV replicates less in IMR‐32 cells treated with CPT11 than in untreated cells. Moreover, CPT11 treatment of JCI cells persistently infected with JCPyV led to a dose‐dependent reduction in JCPyV DNA and VP1 production. Additionally, the inhibitory effect of CPT11 was found to be stronger than those of topotecan and β‐lapachone. These findings suggest that CPT11 may be a potential anti‐JCPyV agent that could be used to treat PML.
Reflection and transmission of inhomogeneous waves in a composite porous solid saturated by two immiscible fluids
Authors: Painuly Abhishek , Arora Ashish 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTThis paper is concerned with reflection and transmission of a plane, elastic, and inhomogeneous wave striking obliquely at some discontinuity inside a porous medium composed of two distinct solids and saturated by two immiscible fluids. It is found that four P‐ and two SV‐waves are reflected, whereas four P‐ and two SV‐waves are transmitted at the interface. All reflected and transmitted waves are inhomogeneous in nature and specified with different directions of propagation and attenuation vectors. An expression for the Umov–Poynting energy flux vector is derived for the system. Continuity of energy flux along normal to the interface gives 12 required boundary conditions. Expressions of amplitude and energy ratios of various reflected and transmitted waves are derived. Variations in amplitude and energy coefficients of reflected and transmitted waves with angle of incidence are numerically studied for a porous matrix composed of shaley sandstone and clay, saturated with water and oil. The effects of change in oil saturation and volume fraction of clay are also observed on amplitude ratios. Numerical simulation reveals that the change in sign in the difference of capillary pressure across the interface causes jump in the values of amplitude ratios of all waves.
Seasonal variation in the copepod gut microbiome in the subtropical North Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Shoemaker Katyanne M. , Moisander Pia H. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryCharacterisation of marine copepod gut microbiome composition and its variability provides information on function of marine food webs, biogeochemical cycles and copepod health. Copepod gut microbiomes were investigated quarterly over two years at the Bermuda Atlantic Time‐series Station in the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre, while assessing seasonal shifts in stable and transient communities. Microbial communities were analysed using amplicon sequencing targeting the bacterial 16S rRNA V3‐V4 region and the cyanobacterial ntcA gene. Persistent bacterial groups belonging to Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria were present in the copepod guts throughout the year, and showed synchronous changes, suggesting a link to variability in copepod nutritional content. The gut communities were separate from those in the seawater, suggesting the copepod gut hosts long‐term, specialized communities. Major temporal variations in the gut communities during the early winter and spring, specifically a high relative abundance of Synechococcus (up to 65%), were attributed to bacterioplankton shifts in the water column, and copepod grazing on these picoplanktonic cyanobacteria. The presence of obligate and facultative anaerobes, including Clostridiales year round, suggests that anaerobic bacterial processes are common in these dynamic microhabitats in the oligotrophic open ocean.
Success of chemolithoautotrophic SUP05 and Sulfurimonas GD17 cells in pelagic Baltic Sea redox zones is facilitated by their lifestyles as K‐ and r‐strategists
Authors: Rogge Andreas , Vogts Angela , Voss Maren , Jürgens Klaus , Jost Günter , Labrenz Matthias 
Published: May 2017

SummaryChemolithoautotrophic sulfur‐oxidizing and denitrifying Gamma‐ (particularly the SUP05 cluster) and Epsilonproteobacteria (predominantly Sulfurimonas subgroup GD17) are assumed to compete for substrates (electron donors and acceptors) in marine pelagic redox gradients. To elucidate their ecological niche separation we performed 34S0, 15
and H13
stable‐isotope incubations with water samples from Baltic Sea suboxic, chemocline and sulfidic zones followed by combined phylogenetic staining and high‐resolution secondary ion mass spectrometry of single cells. SUP05 cells were small‐sized (0.06–0.09 µm3) and most abundant in low‐sulfidic to suboxic zones, whereas Sulfurimonas GD17 cells were significantly larger (0.26–0.61 µm3) and most abundant at the chemocline and below. Together, SUP05 and GD17 cells accumulated up to 48% of the labelled substrates but calculation of cell volume‐specific rates revealed that GD17 cells incorporated labelled substrates significantly faster throughout the redox zone, thereby potentially outcompeting SUP05 especially at high substrate concentrations. Thus, in synopsis with earlier described features of SUP05/GD17 we conclude that their spatially overlapping association in stratified sulfidic zones is facilitated by their different lifestyles: whereas SUP05 cells are streamlined, non‐motile K‐strategists adapted to low substrate concentrations, GD17 cells are motile r‐strategists well adapted to fluctuating substrate and redox conditions.
Forensic Case Reports Presenting Immersion Pulmonary Edema as a Differential Diagnosis in Fatal Diving Accidents
Authors: Vinkel Julie , Bak Peter , Juel Thiis Knudsen Peter , Hyldegaard Ole 
Published: May 2017

AbstractImmersion Pulmonary Edema (IPE) reduces the transport of gases over the respiratory membrane due to edema in the interstitium and respiratory zones. IPE has previously been described in both swimmers and divers, with a few known fatal cases. We have reviewed 42 SCUBA and snorkeling‐related drowning deaths, and through a thorough analysis of each case, including both diving physiology and forensic pathology, we present IPE as a differential diagnosis to drowning in four cases. Our findings propose that; absence of watery content in the stomach and conducting airways, and liquid filled lungs without hyperexpansion, may be compatible with IPE. We suggest that IPE should be considered in cases where witness testimony reveals; no obvious signs of aspiration and rapid respiratory deterioration despite continuous breathing through an appropriate air source. The diagnosis should be based on the overall impression, including both the autopsy findings and the circumstances regarding the accident.
Do hyraxes benefit from human presence in Serengeti?
Authors: Mbise Franco Peniel , Fredriksen Kari‐Elise , Fyumagwa Robert D. , Holmern Tomas , Jackson Craig R. , Fossøy Frode , Røskaft Eivin 
Published: May 2017

AbstractUnderstanding the factors affecting a species’ population size is crucial for conservation initiatives. Hyraxes are small, gregarious animals, predominantly found on kopjes (rock outcrops) and thus form metapopulation communities. In Tanzania, two species of hyraxes inhabit Serengeti National Park, the rock hyrax Procavia capensis johnstoni and bush hyrax Heterohyrax brucei. This study focuses on the factors that affect hyrax population size, including factors such as human presence, habitat type, kopje size and kopje height. We found that larger and taller kopjes tended to have more hyraxes than smaller ones, while kopjes in wooded grassland had more hyraxes than kopjes in grassland. Human presence often affects species negatively, but in the case of hyraxes, we found that kopjes with human presence had larger populations than kopjes without humans. We discuss possible explanations for this and suggest that human presence is related to fewer predators and higher food availability.
The ecology of Maesopsis eminii Engl. in tropical Africa
Authors: Epila Jackie , Verbeeck Hans , Otim‐Epila Thomas , Okullo Paul , Kearsley Elizabeth , Steppe Kathy 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMaesopsis eminii is referred to as one of the most widely distributed African tree species. However, its occurrence in Africa has never been mapped and little is known as to how this species can sustain in different environments. To gain insight into Maesopsis’ ecology, we (i) made a synthesis of its functional trait data from the literature, (ii) investigated phenological patterns using data on four M. eminii trees from Yangambi, DR Congo, (iii) assessed an empirical provenance trial from Uganda on 600 Maesopsis trees and (iv) synthesized geo‐referenced point location maps of Maesopsis entailing WorldClim precipitation and temperature and FAO soils, rainfall and ecological zones for Africa. We found M. eminii to straddle the equator equidistantly in terms of latitude (10.97°N and 10.98°S) covering five forest types where twenty soil types and variable rainfall regimes support complex plant biodiversity. Maesopsis eminii was, however, largely concentrated in the tropical rainforest ecosystem which contains fertile Orthic Ferralsol soils. More than 97% of the point locations were found where annual precipitation was >1000 mm, and 82% occurred where average annual temperature was 22–28°C. Its functional traits, phenology and provenance trial findings explained its occurrence in Africa.
Impact of avoiding post‐operative urinary catheters on outcomes following colorectal resection in an ERAS programme: no IDUC and ERAS programmes
Authors: Roberts Samuel T. , Patel Kiraati , Smith Stephen R. 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundThe presence of an indwelling urinary catheter (IDUC) is routine following colorectal resections. In Enhanced Recovery After Surgery programmes, excessive intravenous fluids (IVFs) are avoided. This study sought to determine whether the routine absence of an IDUC following colorectal surgery improved post‐operative outcomes and minimized fluid prescription.MethodsA retrospective comparative cohort study was performed on patients undergoing colorectal resection at a tertiary referral teaching hospital, over a 7‐year period. A policy of no routine IDUC was introduced over the last 3 years. Patients were divided into cohorts based on the presence or absence of an IDUC on leaving the operating theatre. The outcomes assessed were IVF prescription, length of stay, mortality and morbidity.ResultsOf the 213 resections over the time period, 131 met the inclusion criteria (87 IDUC and 44 no IDUC). There was no difference between groups with respect to baseline demographics. Fluid administration was less in the group without routine IDUC (total fluid 6.16 L versus 10.89 L; P < 0.0001, fluid in the first 24 h 3.82 L versus 5.3 L; P < 0.0001 and fluid in the first 48 h 5.15 L versus 7.23 L; P < 0.0001). Length of stay was less in the ‘no IDUC’ group (5.9 days versus 10.1 days; P = 0.0009). There was no difference in morbidity and mortality.ConclusionA policy of no IDUC following colectomy was associated with a reduction in IVF administration and length of stay. A randomized controlled trial is recommended in order to more accurately determine the degree of causal relationship.
Developing understanding of object fall: Going beyond inhibitory processes
Authors: Howe Christine 
Published: May 2017

A study is reported where 118 participants aged between 10 years and early 20s drew the trajectories they expected objects to follow as they fell. The younger participants typically anticipated backward trajectories during fall from moving carriers while forward but non‐parabolic trajectories were relatively more frequent amongst the older participants. Both patterns suggest strong sociocultural influences, with implications for models that regard development in this area as purely the inhibition of principles established in infancy.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Research with infants demonstrates an early‐established belief that dropped objects fall straight down.

The erroneous expectations that pre‐schoolers hold about object fall are consistent with failure to inhibit the presumption of straight‐down fall, in contexts where it is inappropriate.

What does this study add?

The research replicates and extends research with older participants, which indicates errors that cannot be explained via failed inhibition of straight‐down fall.

It is the first study to trace patterns of errors across late childhood, adolescence and early adulthood.

A consequence of the findings is that adequate modelling in developmental psychology must consider multilayered interactions between prior representations and sociocultural experiences.
Reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2) at first transurethral resection of bladder tumour is a significant predictor of subsequent recurrence and progression
Authors: Blute Michael L. , Kucherov Victor , Rushmer Timothy J. , Damodaran Shivashankar , Shi Fangfang , Abel E. Jason , Jarrard David F. , Richards Kyle A. , Messing Edward M. , Downs Tracy M. 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveTo evaluate if moderate chronic kidney disease [CKD; estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m2] is associated with high rates of non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) recurrence or progression.Patients and MethodsA multi‐institutional database identified patients with serum creatinine values prior to first transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT). The CKD‐epidemiology collaboration formula calculated patient eGFR. Cox proportional hazards models evaluated associations with recurrence‐free (RFS) and progression‐free survival (PFS).ResultsIn all, 727 patients were identified with a median (interquartile range [IQR]) patient age of 69.8 (60.1–77.6) years. Data for eGFR were available for 632 patients. During a median (IQR) follow‐up of 3.7 (1.5–6.5) years, 400 (55%) patients had recurrence and 145 (19.9%) patients had progression of tumour stage or grade. Moderate or severe CKD was identified in 183 patients according to eGFR. Multivariable analysis identified an eGFR of <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (hazard ratio [HR] 1.5, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2–1.9; P = 0.002) as a predictor of tumour recurrence. The 5‐year RFS rate was 46% for patients with an eGFR of ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and 27% for patients with an eGFR of <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (P < 0.001). Multivariable analysis showed that an eGFR of <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (HR 3.7, 95% CI: 1.75–7.94; P = 0.001) was associated with progression to muscle‐invasive disease. The 5‐year PFS rate was 83% for patients with an eGFR of ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and 71% for patients with an eGFR of <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (P = 0.01).ConclusionModerate CKD at first TURBT is associated with reduced RFS and PFS. Patients with reduced renal function should be considered for increased surveillance.
Maternal experience raising girls with autism spectrum disorder: a qualitative study
Authors: Navot N. , Jorgenson A. G. , Webb S. J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundA growing line of research has sought to characterize the different presentations of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) among boys and girls. Much less is known about maternal experience and mother–child relationship in children with ASD based on child gender. The present qualitative study aimed to investigate the mother–daughter relationship from the perspective of mothers who are raising girls with ASD with normal intelligence and functional verbal communication.MethodsEleven in‐depth interviews were conducted with mothers of girls with ASD, ages 10–19 years. Data were analysed in an interactive process commonly used in naturalistic inquiry. Results provide insight into the unique maternal experience of raising a daughter with ASD.ResultsMothers reported a sense of exclusion from the neurotypical population and male‐dominant ASD population and transformation in relationship. Themes identified were skepticism and delayed diagnosis, disbelief from others, lack of information about girls with ASD, higher social demands in adolescence, puberty challenges around hygiene, disappointment about physical appearance, vulnerability in relationships and worries about future functioning. The mother–daughter relationship started with an early expectation of a close and intimate relationship that then underwent a transformation, which challenged maternal competence, reshaped expectations and created a different bond between mother and daughter.ConclusionsThe findings in this qualitative study highlight the impact of gender on the maternal experience of raising a daughter with ASD and contribute to a better understanding of the needs of both mothers and daughters. These results can help providers support the mother–daughter dyad by recognizing gender‐specific challenges.
Incidence and prognostic value of serotonin secretion in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours
Authors: Zandee Wouter T. , van Adrichem Roxanne C. , Kamp Kimberly , Feelders Richard A. , van Velthuysen Marie‐Louise F. , de Herder Wouter W. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryBackgroundSerotonin secretion occurs in approximately 1%‐4% of patients with a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour (PNET), but the incidence is not well defined. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of serotonin secretion with and without carcinoid syndrome and the prognostic value for overall survival (OS).MethodsData were collected from 255 patients with a PNET if 24‐hours urinary 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid excretion (5‐HIAA) was assessed. Patients were diagnosed with serotonin secretion if 24‐hours urinary 5‐HIAA excretion was more than 3× the upper limit of normal (ULN) of 50 μmol/24 hours during follow‐up. The effect of serotonin secretion on OS was estimated with uni‐ and multivariate analyses using a Cox regression.ResultsTwo (0.8%) patients were diagnosed with carcinoid syndrome, and another 20 (7.8%) had a serotonin‐secreting PNET without symptoms. These patients mostly had ENETS stage IV disease with high chromogranin A (CgA). Serotonin secretion was a negative prognostic factor in univariate analysis (HR 2.2, 95% CI: 1.27‐3.81), but in multivariate analysis, only CgA>10× ULN (HR: 1.81, 95% CI: 1.10‐2.98) and neuron‐specific enolase (NSE) >ULN (HR: 3.51, 95% CI: 2.26‐5.46) were predictors for OS. Immunohistochemical staining for serotonin was positive in 28.6% of serotonin‐secreting PNETs (one with carcinoid syndrome) and negative in all controls.ConclusionCarcinoid syndrome is rare in patients with a PNET, but serotonin secretion occurs often. This is a negative prognostic factor for OS, but after correction for CgA and NSE, it is no longer a predictor and probably only a “not‐so innocent bystander” in patients with high tumour burden.