bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute inflammation regulates neuroregeneration through the NF-κB pathway in olfactory epithelium
Authors: Chen Mengfei , Reed Randall R. , Lane Andrew P. 
Published: July 2017

SignificanceAfter injury to the olfactory mucosa, neural progenitor cells residing in the basal layer are capable of completely reconstituting the neuroepithelium. The molecular events underlying this striking regenerative capacity are not fully understood. We present evidence that damage to the mouse olfactory mucosa results in a transient acute inflammatory response. Using genetic manipulations in a model of olfactory epithelial repair we demonstrate a key role of inflammation in driving the reparative activity of basal olfactory progenitor cells, in a process involving TNF-α signaling via TNF receptor 1 and the NF-κB pathway. This study, revealing cross-talk between the immune system and olfactory neural stem cells, provides insight into the endogenous activation of neuroregeneration.
Bayesian markets to elicit private information
Authors: Baillon Aurélien 
Published: July 2017

Significance
People’s private information can be revealed by the way in which they trade specifically designed assets in a new type of market. People trade an asset whose value is the proportion of affirmative answers to a question. Their trading position then reveals their own answer to the question. In Bayesian markets, people can be rewarded for telling the truth even when the truth is not verifiable. Bayesian markets are simpler and more transparent than alternative methods, avoiding the measurements of metabeliefs about others and prior beliefs.
Acetylcholine-producing NK cells attenuate CNS inflammation via modulation of infiltrating monocytes/macrophages
Authors: Jiang Wei , Li Daojing , Han Ranran , Zhang Chao , Jin Wei-Na , Wood Kristofer , Liu Qiang , Shi Fu-Dong , Hao Junwei 
Published: July 2017

SignificanceAcetylcholine (ACh) produced by neurons performs an array of functions that control cardiac, gastrointestinal, and other biosystems. Here we discovered that lymphocytic natural killer (NK) cells bear machinery that produces ACh. The activity of ACh-producing NK cells up-regulates during the disease flare of multiple sclerosis (MS) and may, therefore, reflect the pathologic state. In the mouse model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, these ACh-producing NK cells can reduce the intensity of inflammation and autoimmune responses in the brain and spinal cord. Therefore, the nonneural cholinergic system, as reflected by ACh-producing NK cells, appeared to counteract aberrant immune responses and lessen brain damage. This observation offers insight into the therapeutic mechanisms of the Food and Drug Administration-approved drug daclizumab high-yield process for MS.
NontypeableHaemophilus influenzaereleases DNA and DNABII proteins via a T4SS-like complex and ComE of the type IV pilus machinery
Authors: Jurcisek Joseph A. , Brockman Kenneth L. , Novotny Laura A. , Goodman Steven D. , Bakaletz Lauren O. 
Published: July 2017

SignificanceExtracellular DNA and DNABII proteins are essential structural components of the extracellular polymeric substance, or matrix, of the nontypeableHaemophilus influenzaebiofilm; however, the mechanisms by which these elements are released from the bacterial cell for incorporation into the biofilm matrix are not yet characterized. Here, we propose a mechanism for active DNA release during biofilm formation that involves an inner-membrane complex (TraCG) and the ComE pore through which the type IV pilus is typically expressed. Knowledge of how and when DNA and DNABII proteins are released into the extracellular milieu for integration into the biofilm matrix will further our understanding of biofilm formation and maturation and, in turn, guide development of directed therapies for diseases with a biofilm etiology.
Intranasal oxytocin treatment for social deficits and biomarkers of response in children with autism
Authors: Parker Karen J. , Oztan Ozge , Libove Robin A. , Sumiyoshi Raena D. , Jackson Lisa P. , Karhson Debra S. , Summers Jacqueline E. , Hinman Kyle E. , Motonaga Kara S. , Phillips Jennifer M. , Carson Dean S. , Garner Joseph P. , Hardan Antonio Y. 
Published: July 2017

Significance
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by social deficits. Emerging evidence suggests that the neuropeptide oxytocin, which regulates mammalian social functioning, may be a promising treatment for ASD. However, prior oxytocin treatment trials in ASD patients have produced equivocal results, perhaps because of variability in patients’ underlying neuropeptide biology. Here we provide evidence that oxytocin treatment improves social abilities in children with ASD and that individuals with the lowest pretreatment blood oxytocin concentrations benefit the most from oxytocin administration. These findings reveal a personalized component to oxytocin treatment which may have important implications for accurately testing oxytocin’s therapeutic potential, both for ASD and for a broad range of developmental and psychiatric disorders in which patients exhibit social impairments.
Harm to self outweighs benefit to others in moral decision making
Authors: Volz Lukas J. , Welborn B. Locke , Gobel Matthias S. , Gazzaniga Michael S. , Grafton Scott T. 
Published: July 2017

Significance
Principles guiding decisions that affect both ourselves and others are of prominent importance for human societies. Previous accounts in economics and psychological science have often described decision making as either categorically egoistic or altruistic. Instead, the present work shows that genuine altruism is embedded in context-specific egoistic bias. Participants were willing to both forgo monetary reward to spare the other from painful electric shocks and also to suffer painful electric shocks to secure monetary reward for the other. However, across all trials and conditions, participants accrued more reward and less harm for the self than for the other person. These results characterize human decision makers as egoistically biased altruists, with important implications for psychology, economics, and public policy.
Necrotizing enterocolitis
Authors: Agnoni Alysia , Lazaros Amendola Christine 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most common gastrointestinal emergency in preterm infants and continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The incidence of NEC as well as mortality from the disease has persisted at unacceptably high levels for decades as current understanding of the cause remains incomplete. Identifying infants at risk and preventing NEC are mainstays of care. This article briefly examines disease presentation and treatment, identifies gaps in current understanding of disease pathology, and highlights new research that may lead to a decrease in the incidence of NEC in the future.
Repair of Displaced Partial Articular Fracture of the Distal Femur: The Hoffa Fracture
Authors: Egol Kenneth A. , Broder Kari , Fisher Nina , Konda Sanjit R. 
Published: July 2017

Purpose:
The Hoffa fracture is a rare fracture pattern consisting of a unicondylar posterior fracture of the distal femur. This video demonstrates a case of Hoffa fracture repair using headless screw compression.

Methods:
Hoffa fractures are intra-articular in nature. Given that isolated Hoffa fractures are rare, there is little information available as to the best management of this injury. However, several small studies have demonstrated good-to-excellent functional results after anatomical reduction and rigid fixation of the Hoffa fracture, followed by early mobilization.

Results:
This video presents a case of surgical repair of a Hoffa fracture, and contaminant meniscal repair, in a 25-year-old man. Partially threaded, headless compression screws provide for independent compression of the fracture after placement.

Conclusions:
The Hoffa fracture is a rare injury typically seen after high-energy trauma. The surgical technique for treatment of the Hoffa fracture as seen in this video provides good stabilization and enables for early range of motion.
Suggested Tips and Tricks to Enhance Surgical Video Production
Authors: Fisher Nina , Kaplan Daniel , Egol Kenneth A. 
Published: July 2017

Purpose:
Surgical video production is an important skill that can be of valuable use as an educational tool. However, it is important that surgical videos be filmed and edited in a methodological way to maximize its potential. In this video, we describe our preference for producing quality surgical videos.

Methods:
There are many important factors to consider during the filming process, including vantage point of the videographer, lighting, and visualization of instruments. During the editing process, certain techniques can be used to make the video more stimulating and thus more engaging to the viewer.

Results:
This video presents the filming and editing of a single case. In addition, we provide examples of acceptable and poor footage and editing techniques.

Conclusions:
Surgical videos can be a valuable educational tool when properly executed. In this video, we describe techniques to ensure quality production.
Segmental Bone Defect Treated With the Induced Membrane Technique
Authors: Konda Sanjit R. , Gage Mark , Fisher Nina , Egol Kenneth A. 
Published: July 2017

Purpose:
Posttraumatic bone defects in the setting of severe open injuries of the lower extremity present a significant challenge for orthopaedic trauma surgeons. The induced membrane technique, also known as the Masquelet technique, has been shown to be generally successful in achieving bony union. This video demonstrates the use of the Masquelet technique for a large (18 cm) femoral defect.

Methods:
The Masquelet technique is a 2-stage process. The first stage involves debridement of all devitalized tissue, using open reduction and internal fixation, and placement of a cement spacer with or without antibiotics. In the second stage, which is performed at least 6 weeks after the first, the spacer is removed and the resulting void is filled with bone graft.

Results:
This surgical case video reviews the relevant patient injury presentation, initial management, and indications for the Masquelet technique. The second stage of the Masquelet technique is featured in this video.

Conclusions:
The Masquelet technique is a generally reliable method for treating large segmental bone defects. In addition, this relatively simple technique is suitable for both infected and noninfected cases.
Plate Osteosynthesis of Patella Fractures—A Video Case Report
Authors: Siljander Matthew , Vara Alexander D. , Koueiter Denise M. , Gandhi Sapan , Quigley Meghan , Wiater Brett , Wiater Patrick 
Published: July 2017

Summary:
Operative management of patella fractures continues to be associated with poor outcomes and high reoperation rates. Traditionally, tension band fixation has been used for more simple fracture patterns; however, fixation remains a challenge particularly for comminuted fractures. More recently, various types of plate fixation have been used and reported in the literature. Earlier mobilization after plate osteosynthesis of patella fractures is possible because of a more robust construct, with the potential for decreased knee stiffness and improved functional outcomes. We present a video case of a 79-year-old man who sustained a displaced patella fracture treated with an anterior mesh plate.
Fixation of a Proximal Humerus Fracture With an Intramedullary Nail
Authors: Sobel Andrew D. , Shah Kalpit N. , Paxton E. Scott 
Published: July 2017

Summary:
Proximal humerus fractures (PHFs) are common injuries seen mostly in elderly patients. Although nonoperative management is acceptable for most patients, surgical fixation is often advocated for younger patients or active, elderly patients with reconstructable fractures. A variety of fixation methods exist: percutaneous pinning, open reduction and internal fixation with locking plates, and intramedullary nailing are viable options. Modern intramedullary nails serve as excellent options for the fixation of many operative PHFs. In this Supplemental Digital Content 1 (see video, http://links.lww.com/JOT/A27), we discuss the care of a 63-year-old active, healthy female with a 2-part PHF. The details of fixation of PHFs using a straight intramedullary nail are included, as well as a relevant literature review and description of our postoperative rehabilitation protocol.
Eruptive Multifocal Cutaneous Mucinous Cysts
Authors: Sebaratnam Deshan F. , Agar Nita , Cooper Wendy , Jackett Louise 
Published: July 2017

Abstract:
Cutaneous cysts lined by mucinous epithelium are rare entities. We report an unusual case of a 60-year-old female patient who presented with a 2-month history of eruptive cystic papules on her right thigh. Histopathologic study showed multiple, multiloculated cysts located in the dermis lined by nonciliated mucinous epithelium. The cyst lining was positive for AE1/AE3, CK7, CK20, and GCDFP15. Patchy positivity was noted on the p53 stain. Attenuated Sox10 positive cells were identified, raising the possibility of sweat duct origin; however, no myoepithelial layer was identified by p63 staining. Mullerian markers, including ER, PR, WT1, and Pax8, were negative. We propose this as a unique case that may represent mucinous metaplasia of a cystic sweat duct lesion. Here, we review the literature of mucinous and other glandular cutaneous cysts.
Caring for the lesbian patient at midlife and beyond
Authors: Rullo Jordan E. , Faubion Stephanie S. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Clinicians who have an understanding of lesbian women and their unique stressors, who provide a welcoming and inclusive environment, and who provide cross-cultural care are well positioned to reduce healthcare stigma and improve clinical outcomes. This Practice Pearl addresses these issues, focusing on the lesbian patient at midlife and beyond.
Hospitals’ use of hospitalists: Implications for financial performance
Authors: Epané Josué Patien , Weech-Maldonado Robert , Hearld Larry , Menachemi Nir , Sen Bisakha , O’Connor Stephen , Ramamonjiarivelo Zo 
Published: July 2017

Background:
Hospitalists, or physicians specializing in hospital-based practice, have grown significantly since they were first introduced in the United States in the mid-1990s. Prior studies on the impact of hospitalists have focused on costs and length of stay. However, there is dearth of research exploring the relationship between hospitals’ use of hospitalists and organizational performance.

Purpose:
Using a national longitudinal sample of acute care hospitals operating in the United States between 2007 and 2014, this study explores the impact of hospitalists staffing intensity on hospitals’ financial performance.

Methodology:
Data sources for this study included the American Hospital Association Annual Survey, the Area Health Resources File, and the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services’ costs reports and Case Mix Index files. Data were analyzed using a panel design with facility and year fixed effects regression.

Results:
Results showed that hospitals that switched from not using hospitalists to using a high hospitalist staffing intensity had both increased patient revenues and higher operating costs per adjusted patient day. However, the higher operating costs from high hospitalist staffing intensity were offset by increased patient revenues, resulting in a marginally significant increase in operating profitability (p < .1).

Practice Implications:
These findings suggest that the rise in the use of hospitalists may be fueled by financial incentives such as increased revenues and profitability in addition to other drivers of adoption.
Circulating Epithelial Cells in Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms and Cystic Pancreatic Lesions
Authors: Poruk Katherine E. , Valero Vicente , He Jin , Ahuja Nita , Cameron John L. , Weiss Matthew J. , Lennon Anne Marie , Goggins Michael , Wood Laura D. , Wolfgang Christopher L. 
Published: July 2017

Objectives
Circulating epithelial cells (CECs) are identified in the blood of patients with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) despite the absence of malignancy. We assessed the blood of patients undergoing resection for IPMN or other benign pancreatic lesions for CECs.

Methods
Peripheral blood was collected from 26 patients prior to pancreatic resection and filtered by the ISET (Isolation by Size of Epithelial Tumor Cells) method. Circulating epithelial cells were identified with antibodies to cytokeratin and Pdx1 (pancreas and duodenal homeobox protein 1), a pancreas marker.

Results
Nineteen patients underwent resection of an IPMN without associated malignancy. Eleven patients (58%) had cytokeratin-positive CECs. Circulating epithelial cells were significantly more likely to be found in patients with IPMNs with high-grade dysplasia (P = 0.04). In addition, 10 of the 11 patients with cytokeratin-positive CECs also had separate populations of cytokeratin-positive, Pdx1-positive CECs, suggesting a pancreatic source. Dual-staining CECs were more frequently found in patients with high-grade dysplasia (P = 0.04). Patients with IPMNs were significantly more likely to have pan-cytokeratin CECs in the blood compared with those without IPMNs (P = 0.01).

Conclusions
Circulating epithelial cells staining with potential pancreas-specific markers have been found in patients with IPMNs, even without malignancy. Circulating epithelial cells may help to differentiate patients with high-grade IPMN from lower grades of dysplasia and other pancreatic cysts.
The Impact of Risk Factors of Chronic Pancreatitis on Secretin Pancreatic Function Testing
Authors: Kothari Darshan , Ketwaroo Gyanprakash , Freedman Steven D. , Sheth Sunil G. 
Published: July 2017

Objectives
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of established risk factors on the outcome of secretin pancreatic function testing (sPFT) in patients undergoing work-up for suspected chronic pancreatitis.

Methods
We completed a retrospective review of patients who underwent sPFT for suspected chronic pancreatitis over 20 years. We compared peak bicarbonate concentrations between groups and completed univariate and multivariate analyses to determine associations between risk factors and positive sPFT results (peak bicarbonate <80 mEq/L).

Results
Forty-three of 162 patients had positive sPFT results. There were significant differences in peak bicarbonate concentrations in patients with and without recurrent acute pancreatitis (RAP) and with local complications from acute pancreatitis (AP) (P ≤ 0.05). The bicarbonate concentration in patients with and without other risk factors such as tobacco use, alcohol use, and family history of pancreatitis was not significantly different. Female sex, a history of AP, and a history of RAP were associated with positive sPFT results on univariate analysis (P ≤ 0.05). On multivariate analysis, sex and RAP remained significant.

Conclusions
Our study demonstrates that female sex, history of AP and RAP, and AP with local complications are associated with positive sPFT results or lower peak bicarbonate concentration. However, other risk factors do not impact the results of sPFT.
Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy and Judicious Use of Pediatric Emergency Resources
Authors: Xu Michael , Doan Quynh 
Published: July 2017

Background
Pediatric returns to the emergency department (RTED) vary between 3% and 13% of the total ED volume of visits. However, the incidence and contribution of scheduled RTED on pediatric emergency department (PED) utilization is less clear. Antimicrobial stewardship programs on inpatient wards have been shown to improve judicious use of outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) in upon discharge. The implementation of such programs in PEDs has yet to be reported. The objectives of this study are to quantify the burden of scheduled RTED for OPAT on PED utilization and to examine how frequently OPAT use are supported by published practice standards for 3 common pediatric infections—cellulitis, pneumonia, and urinary tract infections.

Methods
We conducted a single-center retrospective cohort study of all visits made to the British Columbia Children's Hospital PED from May 1, 2012, to April 30, 2013. We identified scheduled RTEDs and characterized those associated with OPAT use with regard to their measures of PED utilization and clinical features.

Results
Of 3904 RTED visits, 1310 (33.6%) were scheduled, of which 1029 were OPAT related. Among the latter, 749 RTEDs (69%) were for cellulitis, pneumonia, or urinary tract infections. The median length of stay for OPAT-related RTEDs was 2.0 hours. For 75 (24%) of 317 index visits and 213 (28%) of 749 subsequent RTEDs, oral antibiotic therapy would have been an appropriate option and OPAT could have been avoided.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that OPAT poses a sizable burden on PED utilization, with a proportion of them potentially preventable.
Severe Infant Rash Resistant to Therapy Due to Zinc Deficiency
Authors: Mohammed Javed , Mehrotra Shruti , Schulz Helene , Lim Rodrick 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Pediatric skin diseases are a common presenting complaint to emergency medicine physicians but often pose a significant diagnostic challenge. Skin eruptions that are unusually severe for the diagnosis in question, lasting beyond the typical time of resolution, or not responding to conventional therapy should raise concern of a misdiagnosis. We present the case of a severe rash not responding to conventional atopic dermatitis therapy that led to a diagnosis of transient neonatal zinc deficiency. Clinicians caring for children should be aware of zinc deficiency and its corresponding clinical presentation, because it is readily treatable and may lead to the avoidance of unnecessary treatments and prevention of serious complications.
Associations Among Cardiometabolic Abnormalities, Obesity, and Sociobehavioral Factors in a Southern Nevada Adult Population
Authors: Feng Jing , Johnson Michael D. , Iser Joseph P. 
Published: July 2017

Context:
Cardiometabolic abnormalities underlie many health risks associated with obesity.

Objective:
We determined the relationship between cardiometabolic abnormalities, sociodemographic characteristics, and modifiable risk factors among adults in Southern Nevada.

Design:
We included 2415 participants older than 20 years from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System surveys conducted in 2011, 2013, and 2015 in Southern Nevada. Cardiometabolic abnormalities were assessed on the combined basis of blood pressure, cholesterol, and diabetes status. Logistic regression stratified by body mass index status was used to examine cardiometabolic abnormalities in different body mass index classes.

Main Outcome Measure:
Odds ratio estimates for cardiometabolic abnormalities after accounting for sociodemographic and health behavior characteristics.

Results:
Cardiometabolic abnormalities followed a socioeconomic gradient, although adjustment for lifestyle variables attenuated the associative link. Non-Hispanic black (vs white) race did not elevate cardiometabolic abnormalities risk among nonobese adults, yet conferred a multivariable-adjusted odds ratio of 2.18 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03-4.61) among obese adults. By comparison, odds of cardiometabolic abnormalities among nonobese adults were 2.42 (95% CI, 0.99-5.92) times higher for Hispanics and 2.83 (95% CI, 1.23-6.55) times higher for other or multiracial minorities. Among obese adults, male gender (odds ratio: 1.84; 95% CI, 1.03-3.27) and former (odds ratio: 2.09; 95% CI, 1.14-3.85) smoker status were associated with cardiometabolic abnormalities independent of other covariates.

Conclusions:
The present data support intervention strategies tailored to reinforce and promote positive health behaviors among disadvantaged groups. There were variable patterns of ethnic group disparities in clustered cardiometabolic abnormalities across body mass index classes. Targeted prevention approaches incorporating an explicit health equity perspective may help mitigate observed differences.