bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of the Core-collapse Supernova Ejecta Impact on a Rapidly Rotating Massive Companion Star
Authors: Zhu Chunhua , Lü Guoliang , Wang Zhaojun 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
We investigate the effects of the core-collapse supernova (CCSN) ejecta on a rapidly rotating and massive companion star. We show that the stripped mass is twice as high as that of a massive but nonrotating companion star. In close binaries with orbital periods of about 1 day, the stripped masses reach up to

. By simulating the evolutions of the rotational velocities of the massive companion stars based on different stripped masses, we find that the rotational velocity decreases greatly for a stripped mass higher than about

. Of all the known high-mass X-ray binaries (HMXBs), Cygnus X-3 and 1WGA J0648.024418 have the shortest orbital periods, 0.2 and 1.55 days, respectively. The optical counterpart of the former is a Wolf-Rayet star, whereas it is a hot subdwarf for the latter. Applying our model to the two HMXBs, we suggest that the hydrogen-rich envelopes of their optical counterparts may have been stripped by CCSN ejecta.
On the Detectability of the
HSS, HSO, and HOS Radicals in the Interstellar Medium
Authors: Fortenberry Ryan C. , Francisco Joseph S. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

HSS has yet to be observed in the gas phase in the interstellar medium (ISM). HSS has been observed in cometary material and in high abundance. However, its agglomeration to such bodies or dispersal from them has not been observed. Similarly, HSO and HOS have not been observed in the ISM, either, even though models support their formation from reactions of known sulfur monoxide and hydrogen molecules, among other pathways. Consequently, this work provides high-level, quantum chemical rovibrational spectroscopic constants and vibrational frequencies in order to assist in interstellar searches for these radical molecules. Furthermore, the HSO−HOS isomerization energy is determined to be 3.63 kcal mol−1, in line with previous work, and the dipole moment of HOS is 36% larger at 3.87 D than HSO, making the less stable isomer more rotationally intense. Finally, the S−S bond strength in HSS is shown to be relatively weak at 30% of the typical disulfide bond energy. Consequently, HSS may degrade into SH and sulfur atoms, making any ISM abundance of HSS likely fairly low, as recent interstellar surveys have observed.
« Toutes et tous égaux devant la science » ?
Authors: Détrez Christine , Perronnet Clémence 
Published: February 2017

Cet article analyse le travail « d’évaluation » d’un projet éducatif sur l’égalité filles-garçons en sciences à l’école primaire. Il porte un regard réflexif sur les pratiques évaluatives des dispositifs, en mettant en évidence différents sens socialement situés du mot « évaluer ». Les résultats présentés s’appuient sur une enquête qualitative longitudinale par observations et entretiens auprès des enfants et des adultes participant au projet, et mettent en évidence les effets ambivalents de l’éducation à l’égalité. Une première analyse montre que l’égalité se traduit davantage dans les discours que dans les pratiques, et que les stéréotypes « refoulés » refont régulièrement surface. Cependant, des effets inattendus, notamment liés à l’enquête sociologique elle-même, sont également mis au jour.
Beneficial Effects of Guided Imagery or Clinical Massage on the Status of Patients in a Progressive Care Unit
Authors: Patricolo Gail Elliott , LaVoie Amanda , Slavin Barbara , Richards Nancy L. , Jagow Deborah , Armstrong Karen 
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUNDPatients in the progressive care unit typically experience high levels of pain and anxiety and exhibit difficulty sleeping.OBJECTIVETo determine whether either clinical massage or guided imagery could reduce pain and anxiety and improve sleep.METHODSThis study included 288 inpatients on 2 floors of a progressive care unit. On 1 floor, each patient was offered daily a 15-minute complimentary clinical massage, whereas the patients on the other floor were provided access to a 30-minute guided-imagery recording. Patients were asked to rate their pain and anxiety levels immediately before and after the massage intervention or were asked whether the guided-imagery intervention was helpful for pain, anxiety, or insomnia.RESULTSThe massage intervention showed an immediate and significant reduction in self-reported pain and anxiety (P &lt; .001); likewise, a significant number of patients self-reported that guided imagery helped alleviate pain, anxiety, and insomnia (P &lt; .001).CONCLUSIONThe results of this study indicate that clinical massage and guided imagery can benefit patients in the progressive care unit.
The response of the H geocorona between 3 and 8 &lt;i&gt;R&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;e&lt;/sub&gt; to geomagnetic disturbances studied using TWINS stereo Lyman-&lt;i&gt;α&lt;/i&gt; data
Authors: Zoennchen Jochen H. , Nass Uwe , Fahr Hans J. , Goldstein Jerry 
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Circumterrestrial Lyman-α column brightness observations from 3–8 Earth radii (Re) have been used to study temporal density variations in the exospheric neutral hydrogen as response to geomagnetic disturbances of different strength, i.e., Dst peak values between −26 and −147 nT. The data used were measured by the two Lyman-α detectors (LAD1/2) onboard both TWINS satellites between the solar minimum of 2008 and near the solar maximum of 2013. The solar Lyman-α flux at 121.6 nm is resonantly scattered near line center by exospheric H atoms and measured by the TWINS LADs. Along a line of sight (LOS), the scattered LOS-column intensity is proportional to the LOS H column density, assuming optically thin conditions above 3 Re. In the case of the eight analyzed geomagnetic storms we found a significant increase in the exospheric Lyman-α flux between 9 and 23 % (equal to the same increase in H column density ΔnH) compared to the undisturbed case short before the storm event. Even weak geomagnetic storms (e.g., Dst peak values  ≥  −41 nT) under solar minimum conditions show increases up to 23 % of the exospheric H densities. The strong H density increase in the observed outer exosphere is also a sign of an enhanced H escape flux during storms. For the majority of the storms we found an average time shift of about 11 h between the time when the first significant dynamic solar wind pressure peak (pSW) hits the Earth and the time when the exospheric Lyman-α flux variation reaches its maximum. The results show that the (relative) exospheric density reaction of ΔnH have a tendency to decrease with increasing peak values of Dst index or the Kp index daily sum. Nevertheless, a simple linear correlation between ΔnH and these two geomagnetic indices does not seem to exist. In contrast, when recovering from the peak back to the undisturbed case, the Kp index daily sum and the ΔnH essentially show the same temporal recovery.
Future snow? A spatial-probabilistic assessment of the extraordinarily low snowpacks of 2014 and 2015 in the Oregon Cascades
Authors: Sproles Eric A. , Roth Travis R. , Nolin Anne W. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract. In the Pacific Northwest, USA, the extraordinarily low snowpacks of winters 2013–2014 and 2014–2015 stressed regional water resources and the social-environmental system. We introduce two new approaches to better understand how seasonal snow water storage during these two winters would compare to snow water storage under warmer climate conditions. The first approach calculates a spatial-probabilistic metric representing the likelihood that the snow water storage of 2013–2014 and 2014–2015 would occur under +2 °C perturbed climate conditions. We computed snow water storage (basin-wide and across elevations) and the ratio of snow water equivalent to cumulative precipitation (across elevations) for the McKenzie River basin (3041 km2), a major tributary to the Willamette River in Oregon, USA. We applied these computations to calculate the occurrence probability for similarly low snow water storage under climate warming. Results suggest that, relative to +2 °C conditions, basin-wide snow water storage during winter 2013–2014 would be above average, while that of winter 2014–2015 would be far below average. Snow water storage on 1 April corresponds to a 42 % (2013–2014) and 92 % (2014–2015) probability of being met or exceeded in any given year. The second approach introduces the concept of snow analogs to improve the anticipatory capacity of climate change impacts on snow-derived water resources. The use of a spatial-probabilistic approach and snow analogs provide new methods of assessing basin-wide snow water storage in a non-stationary climate and are readily applicable in other snow-dominated watersheds.
Study of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction in Patients Undergoing Cataract Surgery from Rural Ophthalmology Camps
Authors: Murali Anand , Krishnaswamy Malavika 
Published: February 2017

This study was performed to determine the prevalence of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction in patients undergoing cataract surgery at rural ophthalmology camps. McMonnies Dry Eye questionnaire was used to evaluate the symptoms.
The patients were subjected to slit lamp examination, Schirmer’s Test, fluorescein staining and Tear film break-up time (TBUT). After examining 209 patients with varying cataract status, dry eye was found to have a prevalence of 37.8% with TBUT <10 seconds, but only 5.26% showed apparent signs of MGD. 33.5% subjects had a deficient aqueous component.
The results suggest that the cause of dry eyes is not attributed to MGD.
High‐speed MCP anodes for high time resolution low‐energy charged particle spectrometers
Authors: Saito Yoshifumi , Yokota Shoichiro , Asamura Kazushi , Krieger Amanda 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe time resolution of low‐energy charged particle measurements is becoming higher and higher. In order to realize high time resolution measurements, a 1‐D circular delay line anode has been developed as a high‐speed microchannel plate (MCP) anode. The maximum count rate of the 1‐D circular delay line anode is around 1 × 107/s/360°, which is much higher than the widely used resistive anode, whose maximum count rate is around 1 × 106/s/360°. In order to achieve much higher speeds, an MCP anode with application‐specific integrated circuit (ASIC) has been developed. We have decided to adopt an anode configuration in which a discrete anode is formed on a ceramic substrate, and a bare ASIC chip is installed on the back of the ceramic. It has been found that the anode can detect at a high count rate of 2 × 108/s/360°. Developments in both delay line and discrete anodes, as well as readout electronics, will be reviewed.
On the origin of low‐energy electrons in the inner magnetosphere: Fluxes and pitch‐angle distributions
Authors: Denton M. H. , Reeves G. D. , Larsen B. A. , Friedel R. H. W. , Thomsen M. F. , Fernandes P. A. , Skoug R. M. , Funsten H. O. , Sarno‐Smith L. K. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAccurate knowledge of the plasma fluxes in the inner magnetosphere is essential for both scientific and programmatic applications. Knowledge of the low‐energy electrons (approximately tens to hundreds of eV) in the inner magnetosphere is particularly important since these electrons are acted upon by various physical processes, accelerating the electrons to higher energies, and also causing their loss. However, measurements of low‐energy electrons are challenging, and as a result, this population has been somewhat neglected previously. This study concerns observations of low‐energy electrons made by the Helium Oxygen Proton Electron instrument on board the Van Allen Probes satellites and also observations from geosynchronous orbit made by the Magnetospheric Plasma Analyzer on board Los Alamos National Laboratory satellites. The fluxes of electrons from ~30 eV to 1 keV are quantified as a function of pitch‐angle, McIlwain L parameter, and local time for both quiet and active periods. Results indicate two sources for low‐energy electrons in this energy range: the low‐energy tail of the electron plasma sheet and the high‐energy tail of the dayside ionosphere. These populations are identified primarily as a result of their different pitch‐angle distributions. Field‐aligned outflows from the dayside ionosphere are observed at all L shells during quiet and active periods. Our results also demonstrate that the dayside electron field‐aligned fluxes at ~30 eV are particularly strong between L values of 6 and 7, indicating an enhanced source within the polar ionosphere.
EDR signatures observed by MMS in the 16 October event presented in a 2‐D parametric space
Authors: Alm L. , Argall M. R. , Torbert R. B. , Farrugia C. J. , Burch J. L. , Ergun R. E. , Russell C. T. , Strangeway R. J. , Khotyaintsev Y. V. , Lindqvist P.‐A. , Marklund G. T. , Giles B. L. , Shuster J. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe present a method for mapping the position of satellites relative to the X line using the measured BL and BN components of the magnetic field and apply it to the Magnetospheric multiscale (MMS) encounter with the electron diffusion region (EDR) which occurred on 13:07 UT on 16 October 2015. Mapping the data to our parametric space succeeds in capturing many of the signatures associated with magnetic reconnection and the electron diffusion region. This offers a method for determining where in the reconnection region the satellites were located. In addition, parametric mapping can also be used to present data from numerical simulations. This facilitates comparing data from simulations with data from in situ observations as one can avoid the complicated process using boundary motion analysis to determine the geometry of the reconnection region. In parametric space we can identify the EDR based on the collocation of several reconnection signatures, such as electron nongyrotropy, electron demagnetization, parallel electric fields, and energy dissipation. The EDR extends 2–3 km in the normal direction and in excess of 20 km in the tangential direction. It is clear that the EDR occurs on the magnetospheric side of the topological X line, which is expected in asymmetric reconnection. Furthermore, we can observe a north‐south asymmetry, where the EDR occurs north of the peak in out‐of‐plane current, which may be due to the small but finite guide field.
Combining CrIS double CO2 bands for detecting clouds located in different layers of the atmosphere
Authors: Lin Lin , Zou Xiaolei , Weng Fuzhong 
Published: February 2017

AbstractDetection of clouds within certain vertical layers of the atmosphere from satellite infrared instruments is challenging, especially of those optically thin clouds due to their small thermal contrasts to the background. This study develops a new method for cloud detection by using the Cross‐track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) hyperspectral radiances at shortwave (~4.3 µm) and longwave (~15 µm) CO2 bands. Specifically, CrIS longwave channels are first paired with shortwave channels based on weighting function altitudes and sensitivity to clouds. A linear relationship of brightness temperatures between each paired channel is then derived for predicting the shortwave channel from the longwave channel in clear‐sky conditions. A cloud emission and scattering index (CESI) can finally be defined as the difference of the paired shortwave channel between the clear‐sky, regression model predicted and the observed brightness temperatures. Spatial distributions of such derived CESI for several paired channels in the troposphere are examined for a winter storm that occurred in the eastern part of the United States during 22–24 January 2016. It is shown that the CESI values over the storm regions with optically thin cirrus, fog, and supercooled water clouds are positively larger than those over optically thick opaque ice and overshooting clouds or in clear‐sky conditions. Of particular interest is that an area of fog and water clouds over Gulf of Mexico, which are indicated by the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite day and night band observations, is identified by the CESI. The global distribution of CESIs derived from CrIS double CO2 bands with weighting functions peak around 321 hPa agrees well with the distribution of ice cloud optical thickness from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder version 6 cloud product data set in both daytime and nighttime.
Direct radiative effect of aerosols based on PARASOL and OMI satellite observations
Authors: Lacagnina Carlo , Hasekamp Otto P. , Torres Omar 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAccurate portrayal of the aerosol characteristics is crucial to determine aerosol contribution to the Earth's radiation budget. We employ novel satellite retrievals to make a new measurement‐based estimate of the shortwave direct radiative effect of aerosols (DREA), both over land and ocean. Global satellite measurements of aerosol optical depth, single‐scattering albedo (SSA), and phase function from PARASOL (Polarization and Anisotropy of Reflectances for Atmospheric Sciences coupled with Observations from a Lidar) are used in synergy with OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument) SSA. Aerosol information is combined with land‐surface bidirectional reflectance distribution function and cloud characteristics from MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) satellite products. Eventual gaps in observations are filled with the state‐of‐the‐art global aerosol model ECHAM5‐HAM2. It is found that our estimate of DREA is largely insensitive to model choice. Radiative transfer calculations show that DREA at top‐of‐atmosphere is −4.6 ± 1.5 W/m2 for cloud‐free and −2.1 ± 0.7 W/m2 for all‐sky conditions, during year 2006. These fluxes are consistent with, albeit generally less negative over ocean than, former assessments. Unlike previous studies, our estimate is constrained by retrievals of global coverage SSA, which may justify different DREA values. Remarkable consistency is found in comparison with DREA based on CERES (Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System) and MODIS observations.
O3 variability in the troposphere as observed by IASI over 2008–2016: Contribution of atmospheric chemistry and dynamics
Authors: Wespes C. , Hurtmans D. , Clerbaux C. , Coheur P.‐F. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe analyze the ozone (O3) variability in the troposphere (from ground to 300 hPa) using 8 years (January 2008 to March 2016) of O3 profile measurements provided by the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) on board the MetOp satellite. The capability of IASI to monitor the year‐to‐year variability in that layer is examined first in terms of vertical sensitivity, a priori contribution, and correlations in the deseasonalized anomalies with the upper layers. We present global patterns of the main geophysical drivers (e.g., solar flux, Quasi‐biennal Oscillation—QBO, North Atlantic Oscillation—NAO, and El Niño–Southern Oscillation—ENSO) of IASI O3 variations, obtained by applying appropriate annual and seasonal multivariate regression models on time series of spatially gridded averaged O3. The results show that the models are able to explain most of the O3 variability captured by IASI. Large O3 changes in the North Arctic/Euro‐Atlantic sector and over the equatorial band are attributed to the NAO and the QBO effects, respectively. ENSO is modeled as the main contributor to the O3 variations in the tropical band where direct effects of warm and cool ENSO phases are highlighted with a clear tropical‐extratropical gradient. A strong west‐east gradient in the tropics is also found and likely reflects an indirect effect related to ENSO dry conditions. Finally, we also show that the ENSO perturbs the O3 variability far from the tropics into middle and high latitudes where a significant 4‐month time‐lag in the response of O3 to ENSO is identified for the first time.
Do Community Characteristics Relate to Young Adult College Students’ Credit Card Debt? The Hypothesized Role of Collective Institutional Efficacy
Authors: Friedline Terri , West Stacia , Rosell Nehemiah , Serido Joyce , Shim Soyeon 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis study examines the extent of emergent, outstanding credit card debt among young adult college students and investigates whether any associations existed between this credit card debt and the characteristics of the communities in which these students grew up or lived. Using data (N = 748) from a longitudinal survey and merging community characteristics measured at the zip code level, we confirmed that a community's unemployment rate, average total debt, average credit score, and number of bank branch offices were associated with a young adult college student's acquisition and accumulation of credit card debt. For example, a community's higher unemployment rate and lower number of bank branches were associated with a young adult college student's greater accumulated debt. Community characteristics had the strongest associations with credit card debt, especially after controlling for individual characteristics (i.e., a young adult college student's race and financial independence) and familial characteristics (i.e., their parents’ income and parents’ discussions of financial matters while growing up at home). The findings may help to understand the unique roles that communities play in shaping children and young adults’ financial capability, and how communities can be better capacitated to support the financial goals of their residents.
Not just a fallback food: global patterns of insect consumption related to geography, not agriculture
Authors: Lesnik Julie J. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractObjectivesInsects as food are often viewed as fallback resources and associated with marginal environments. This study investigates the relationship between insect consumption and noncultivated landscapes as well as with other independent variables including latitude, area, population, and gross domestic product.MethodsData were obtained from online databases including the World List of Edible Insects, the World Bank, and the World Factbook.ResultsA logistic regression model found that latitude could correctly predict the presence of edible insects 80% of the time and that arable land and gross domestic product showed no effect. Spearman rank‐order correlation with number of insect species found significant relationships between area and population (but not density) and per capita gross domestic product as well as latitude. Further analysis of latitude using paired Mann‐Whitney tests identified a general gradient pattern in reduction of edible insects with increased latitude.ConclusionsResults suggest that insect consumption represents a dynamic human‐environment interaction, whereby insects are utilized in some of the world's lushest environments as well as areas where people have had great impact on the ecosystem. The concept that insects are a fallback food is an oversimplification that is likely rooted in Western bias against this food source.
Individual (f,tA)‐ and (f,tC)‐Fullerene‐Based Nickel(II) Glycinates: Protected Chiral Amino Acids Directly Linked to a Chiral π‐Electron System
Authors: Levitskiy Oleg A. , Grishin Yuri K. , Semivrazhskaya Olesya O. , Ambartsumyan Asmik A. , Kochetkov Konstantin A. , Magdesieva Tatiana V. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractStereoselective electrosynthesis of the first individual (f,tA)‐ and (f,tC)‐1,4‐fullerene derivatives with a non‐inherently chiral functionalization pattern is described, as well as the first example of an optically pure protected primary amino acid directly linked to the fullerene through only the chiral α‐amino‐acid carbon atom. An application of an auxiliary chiral nickel‐Schiff base moiety as derivatizing agent allowed separation of (f,tA)‐ and (f,tC)‐1,4‐fullerene derivatives using an achiral stationary phase, a separation which has never been done before.