bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simple and Efficient Synthesis of Explosive Cocrystals containing 3,5‐Dimethylpyrazol‐1‐yl‐substituted‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazines
Authors: Snyder Christopher J. , Chavez David E. , Imler Gregory H. , Byrd Edward F. C. , Leonard Philip W. , Parrish Damon A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe reaction of 3,4‐dinitropyrazole, 5‐nitrotetrazole, or 4‐nitro‐1,2,3‐triazole with 1,2,4,5‐tetrazines substituted with 3,5‐dimethylpyrazolyl (dmp) groups results in energetic cocrystals after 1 minute of reflux and cooling to room temperature in yields of 89–92 %. Hydrogen‐bonding between the dmp group to the N−H of the energetic heterocycles are the predominant interaction that stabilizes the new cocrystals. Each cocrystal packs in a different lattice structure and the cocrystals with sheet‐like and herring‐bone crystal packing orientations are less sensitive than the cocrystal with the interlocked structure. Electrostatic potential mapping helps rationalize why dmp‐substituted tetrazines readily form cocrystals, whereas more electron‐deficient pyrazolyl tetrazines do not. The calculated energetic performance of the new cocrystals approaches that of 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene (TNT) and importantly, these materials will aid in the rational design of new cocrystalline energetic materials.
Right ventricular involvement and the extent of left ventricular enhancement with magnetic resonance predict adverse outcome in pulmonary sarcoidosis
Authors: Smedema Jan‐Peter , van Geuns Robert‐Jan , Ector Joris , Heidbuchel Hein , Ainslie Gillian , Crijns Harry J.G.M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAimsCardiac involvement is the main determinant of poor outcomes in sarcoidosis. Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction and left ventricular (LV) late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) have been reported to be predictive of adverse outcome in non‐ischaemic cardiomyopathies. The aim of our study was to determine whether delayed RV LGE with cardiovascular magnetic resonance would be predictive of adverse events in addition to LV LGE during the long‐term follow‐up of pulmonary sarcoidosis patients.Methods and resultsEighty‐four consecutive biopsy‐proven pulmonary sarcoidosis patients were followed for a median of 56 months [38–74] after baseline delayed contrast‐enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance. The composite primary endpoint consisted of admission for congestive heart failure, sustained ventricular tachycardia, appropriate implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy, pacemaker implantation for high degree atrio‐ventricular block, or cardiac death. The composite secondary endpoint included all‐cause mortality in addition to the primary endpoint. RV and LV LGE were demonstrated in respectively 12 and 27 patients. Five of 10 events included in the primary endpoint occurred in the group with RV LGE. RV LGE, LV, or biventricular LGE yielded Cox hazard ratios of 8.71 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.90–23.81], 9.22 (95% CI 1.96–43.45), and 12.09 (95% CI 3.43–42.68) for the composite primary endpoint. In a multivariate model, the predictive value of biventricular LGE for the composite primary and secondary endpoints was strongest. Kaplan–Meier event‐free survival curves were most significant for RV LGE and biventricular LGE (log rank with P < 0.001).ConclusionsBiventricular LGE at presentation is the strongest, independent predictor of adverse outcome during long‐term follow‐up. Asymptomatic myocardial scar <8% of LV mass carried a favourable long‐term outcome.
High‐Purity Hydrogen Production with the Reformer Steam Iron Cycle
Authors: Nestl Stephan , Voitic Gernot , Zacharias Robert , Bock Sebastian , Hacker Viktor 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe decentralized production of renewable hydrogen enables the build‐up of an infrastructure for low‐emissions fuel‐cell‐based power production and mobility. The reformer steam iron cycle (RESC) is introduced as one technological option to realize on‐site hydrogen production by combining production, purification, and storage with a low environmental impact. A hydrogen production prototype is developed, constructed, and operated with mixtures of methane and carbon dioxide as a reference for biogas. Hydrogen with a purity of 99.8 % is produced without the need for an additional gas purification step. Methane and carbon dioxide are identified as the primary impurities in the hydrogen fuel; the carbon monoxide content of the hydrogen produced is in the range of 15–24 ppm in the demonstration phase of the prototype reactor.
Italian prescribing patterns in obsessive–compulsive disorder
Authors: Marazziti Donatella , Albert Umberto , Dell'Osso Bernardo , Tundo Antonio , Cuniberti Francesco , Maina Giuseppe , Moroni Ilenia , Benatti Beatrice , Mucci Federico , Massimetti Gabriele , Piccinni Armando , Brakoulias Vlasios 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate psychopharmacological prescribing patterns in a large sample (n = 1815) of patients suffering from obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) recruited in 4 Italian centers specialized in OCD, in comparison to available national and international guidelines.The centers were asked to complete a specific data sheet questionnaire on patients' therapeutic status. Statistical analyses were carried out by SPSS.The results showed that almost all patients referred to the centers of Milan, Pisa and Rome received psychotropic medications, whereas only 59.9% (313) did so in Turin. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors were the most used drugs ranging between 49.0% and 71.5%. Clomipramine was prescribed more often in Rome and Pisa than in Milan and Turin. The same was true for other tricyclic antidepressants. Second‐generation antipsychotics were more often prescribed in Pisa and in Milan. Mood stabilizers were almost exclusively used in Pisa.Taken together, the overall findings would suggest that, although the main Italian centers specialized in OCD follow available guidelines, a certain degree of variability does exist. This may depend on the different educational background, availability of other specific therapeutic strategies, as well as varying levels of severity and comorbidity of the patients.
Real‐time metabolite monitoring of glucose‐fed Clostridium acetobutylicum fermentations using Raman assisted metabolomics
Authors: Zu Theresah N.K. , Liu Sanchao , Gerlach Elliot S. , Germane Katherine L. , Servinsky Matthew D. , Mackie David M. , Sund Christian J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractData obtained from in situ Raman spectroscopy probes and high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis were applied together with chemometrics to build partial least squares models of metabolite concentrations for the industrially relevant organism Clostridium acetobutylicum. Models were built for predominant products (acetic acid, butyric acid, and butanol) of C. acetobutylicum cultures grown on glucose as a substrate. The partial least squares models were then applied to a 3‐day C. acetobutylicum culture for real‐time, quantitative metabolite analysis. The predicted outcomes of new fermentation cultures were validated by analyzing HPLC data from corresponding experiments from these new fermentation cultures. Model predictions showed good correlation with measured data (goodness of fit [R2Y] values of 0.99, and goodness of prediction [Q2Y] values of 0.98 from agitated cultures. Predictive models based upon Raman spectral data are promising tools for characterization of synthetic organisms, guiding process control, and facilitating optimization of culture conditions.
The impact of different antifreeze agents on the thermal properties of ethylene vinyl acetate emulsion
Authors: Nasir N.H. , Rosdi M.R.H. , Ariffin A. 
Published: October 2017

The application of pour point depressants in the form of emulsions provides an alternative to overcoming the problem of handling during applications in cold climate environments. The incorporation of antifreeze agents to these emulsions helps to improve their cold flow properties, without sacrificing much of the other properties. This study considered the effect of the incorporation of different antifreeze agents into ethylene vinyl acetate emulsions that are used as pour point depressants. The results obtained revealed that the ethylene glycol (EG) emulsion system gave the lowest freezing temperature of −45°C, while the propylene glycol emulsion system provided the lowest vitrification temperature of −64°C. The size of the particles in the emulsion was significantly reduced from 359.1 nm to 207.4 to 216.4 nm when an antifreeze agent was used in the emulsion compared to the control sample (pure water). As for the selection of the most suitable antifreeze for the emulsion system, the vitrification performance was a factor that was taken into consideration in the decision to select the EG system due to the fact that this system offered an adequate performance in terms of vitrification efficiency at around −59°C, although it was not as excellent as the vitrification efficiency portrayed in the propylene glycol system. However, the EG emulsion system was the most suitable system for the ethylene vinyl acetate emulsion, as it delivered the best protection against freezing and, at the same time, produced a decent particle size distribution.
Functionalized boron carbide for enhancement of anticorrosion performance of epoxy resin
Authors: Wang Jizhuang , He Yi , Xie Zhengfeng , Chen Chunlin , Yang Qiangbin , Zhang Chunli , Wang Binyan , Zhan Yingqing , Zhao Tianhong 
Published: October 2017

In this study, epoxy coatings were modified by adding various compositions of B4C particles. In order to achieve proper dispersion of particles in the epoxy coating and increasing chemical interactions between particles and polymeric coating, the surface of the B4C particles was treated with γ‐(2,3‐epoxypropoxy) propytrimethoxysilane (KH560). The surface modification and microstructure of B4C were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was also used to evaluate the impedance of coatings. The results revealed that the KH560 not only enhanced the interaction between B4C particles and epoxy resin but also exhibited a remarkable ability to improve the anticorrosion performance of epoxy resin. The epoxy coating with the 3 wt% B4C‐KH560 particles exhibited the best anticorrosion performance, which can be attributed to the best uniform dispersion of the B4C‐KH560 particles, and the particles effectively block the aggressive species (Cl−, O2, and H2O) from the coating.
iTRAQ‐Based Proteomics Suggests Ephb6 as a Potential Regulator of the ERK Pathway in the Prefrontal Cortex of Chronic Social Defeat Stress Model Mice
Authors: Guo Hua , Huang Zhi‐Lin , Wang Wei , Zhang Shu‐Xiao , Li Juan , Cheng Ke , Xu Ke , He Yong , Gui Si‐Wen , Li Peng‐Fei , Wang Hai‐Yang , Dong Zhi‐Fang , Xie Peng 
Published: October 2017

PurposeMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is a worldwide concern and devastating psychiatric disease. The World Health Organization claims that MDD leads to at least 11.9% of the global burden of disease. However, the underlying pathophysiology mechanisms of MDD remain largely unknown.Experimental designHerein, we proteomic‐based strategy is used to compare the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) model mice with a control group. Based on pooled samples, differential proteins are identified in the PFC proteome using iTRAQ coupled with LC–MS/MS.ResultsIngenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) is then followed to predict relevant pathways, with the ephrin receptor signaling pathway selected for further research. Additionally, as the selected key proteins of the ephrin receptor signaling pathway, ephrin type‐B receptor 6 (EphB6) and the ERK pathway are validated by Western blotting.Conclusion and clinical relevantAltogether, increased understanding of the ephrin receptor signaling pathway in MDD is provided, which implicates further investigation of PFC dysfunction induced by CSDS treatment.
RNAi as an emerging approach to control Fusarium head blight disease and mycotoxin contamination in cereals
Authors: Machado Ana Karla , Brown Neil A , Urban Martin , Kanyuka Kostya , Hammond‐Kosack Kim E 
Published: October 2017

AbstractFusarium graminearum is a major fungal pathogen of cereals worldwide, causing seedling, stem base and floral diseases, including Fusarium head blight (FHB). In addition to yield and quality losses, FHB contaminates cereal grain with mycotoxins, including deoxynivalenol, which are harmful to human, animal and ecosystem health. Currently, FHB control is only partially effective due to several intractable problems. RNA interference (RNAi) is a natural mechanism that regulates gene expression. RNAi has been exploited in the development of new genomic tools that allow the targeted silencing of genes of interest in many eukaryotes. Host‐induced gene silencing (HIGS) is a transgenic technology used to silence fungal genes in planta during attempted infection and thereby reduces disease levels. HIGS relies on the host plant's ability to produce mobile small interfering RNA molecules, generated from long double‐stranded RNA, which are complementary to targeted fungal genes. These molecules are transferred from the plant to invading fungi via an uncharacterised mechanism, to cause gene silencing. Here, we describe recent advances in RNAi‐mediated control of plant pathogenic fungi, highlighting the key advantages and disadvantages. We then discuss the developments and implications of combining HIGS with other methods of disease control. © 2017 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Long time asymptotic behavior of the focusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation
Authors: Borghese Michael , Jenkins Robert , McLaughlin Kenneth D.T.-R. 
Published: October 2017

We study the Cauchy problem for the focusing nonlinear Schrödinger (fNLS) equation. Using the

\bar\partial

generalization of the nonlinear steepest descent method we compute the long-time asymptotic expansion of the solution

\psi (x,t)

in any fixed space-time cone

C(x_{1},x_{2},v_{1},v_{2}) = \left\{(x,t) \in \mathbb{R}^{2}\::\:x = x_{0} + vt\text{ with }x_{0} \in [x_{1},x_{2}],\:v \in [v_{1},v_{2}]\right\}

up to an (optimal) residual error of order

\mathcal{O}\left(t^{−3/ 4}\right)

. In each cone

C

the leading order term in this expansion is a multi-soliton whose parameters are modulated by soliton–soliton and soliton–radiation interactions as one moves through the cone. Our results require that the initial data possess one

L^{2}(\mathbb{R})

moment and (weak) derivative and that it not generate any spectral singularities.
The General Public’s Attitudes and Beliefs Regarding Resource Management, Collaboration, and Community Assistance Centers During Disasters
Authors: Charney Rachel L. , Rebmann Terri , Endrizal Amy , Dalawari Preeti 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe key to resilience after disasters is the provision of coordinated care and resource distribution to the affected community. Past research indicates that the general public lacks an understanding regarding agencies’ roles and responsibilities during disaster response.Study ObjectivesThis study’s purpose was to explore the general public’s beliefs regarding agencies or organizations’ responsibilities related to resource management during disasters. In addition, the public’s attitudes towards the management and use of community disaster assistance centers were explored.MethodsQualitative interviews were conducted with members of the general public. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Content analysis was used to analyze the data and identify themes that describe the public’s expectations of disaster response agencies and the use of community disaster assistance centers.ResultsA total of 28 interviews were conducted. Half of the participants (n=14) were black, 57% (n=16) were female, and the mean age was 49 years. The general public has developed trust and distrust toward response organizations and governmental agencies based on past experiences during disasters. The public wishes to have local agencies to help lead disaster response, but expects a collaboration between all response organizations, including the government. The managing agency overseeing community disaster assistance centers was not perceived as important, but the proximity of these centers to community members was considered critical.ConclusionsThe general public prefers that local agencies and leaders manage disaster response, and they expect collaboration among response agencies. Community assistance centers need to be located close to those in need, and be managed by agencies trusted by the general public. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:446–449)
Experimental Study on the Shear Adhesion Strength Between the Ice and Substrate in Icing Wind Tunnel
Authors: Zhu C. X. , Zhu C. L. , Zhao W. W. , Tao M. J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe icing wind tunnel can simulate the air flow at a high altitude; such an air flow contains supercooled droplets moving at certain velocities. An integrated experiment method was proposed, and it included the icing test and shear stress measurements in the simulated environment of the icing wind tunnel. The error caused by the change in experimental environments was completely eliminated with this novel method. Thus, there was no discrepancy between the real-time and experimental values of shear stress between the ice and substrate. The experiments of icing and shear stress measurements are carried out by varying the following parameters: icing temperature, mean volume diameter (MVD) of droplets, and surface roughness of the substrate. The results indicate that the shear stress between the ice and the substrate increases with the decrease in temperature provided the temperature is relatively high. When the MVD value is 22 μm, the liquid water content is about 1 g/m3and surface roughness is 2 μm. Under these conditions, the shear stress reaches its maximum value at a temperature of –15°C. The shear stress is also affected by the MVD values of droplets, and the surface roughness of substrate.
Prediction of the Effective Thermal Conductivity of Fiber Reinforced Composites Using a Micromechanical Approach
Authors: Sayyidmousavi A. , Bougherara H. , Falahatgar S. R. , Fawaz Z. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTA novel micromechanical approach is proposed to calculate the effective thermal conductivities of fiber reinforced composite materials. The key advantage of the present formulation is its ability to yield closed form solutions for the effective thermal conductivity of composites in both longitudinal and transverse directions for three dimensional heat transfer problems. The obtained results are in good agreement with the experimental data reported in the literature. When compared with analytical and finite element solutions, the results are seen to be in better agreement with the hexagonal packed array compared to the square packed array which thus represents a more realistic model of the fiber distribution in the matrix medium.
Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency among schoolchildren in Greece: the role of sex, degree of urbanisation and seasonality
Authors: Manios Yannis , Moschonis George , Hulshof Toine , Bourhis Anne-Sophie , Hull George L. J. , Dowling Kirsten G. , Kiely Mairead E. , Cashman Kevin D. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe current study was aiming to report the prevalence of suboptimal vitamin D status among schoolchildren in Greece and investigate the role of sex, urbanisation and seasonality on vitamin D status. A sample of 2386 schoolchildren (9–13 years old) from four distinct prefectures was examined. The prevalence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration <30 and <50 nmol/l (vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency respectively) was 5·2 and 52·5 %, respectively. Girls had a higher prevalence of 25(OH)D<30 (7·2 v. 3·2 %) and 50 nmol/l (57·0 v. 48·0 %) than boys (P<0·001). The highest prevalence rates of 25(OH)D<30 and 50 nmol/l (9·1 and 73·1 %, respectively) were observed during spring (April to June), whereas the lowest (1·5 and 31·9 %, respectively) during autumn (October to December). The prevalence of 25(OH)D<50 nmol/l was higher in urban/semi-urban than rural regions, particularly during spring months (74·6 v. 47·2 %; P<0·001). Female sex, urban/semi-urban region of residence and spring months were found to increase the likelihood of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency, with the highest OR observed for spring months (7·47; 95 % CI 3·23, 17·3 and 5·14; 95 % CI 3·84, 6·89 for 25(OH)D<30 and 50 nmol/l respectively). In conclusion, despite the southerly latitude, the prevalence of low vitamin D status among primary schoolchildren in Greece is comparable to or exceeds the prevalence reported among children and adolescents on a European level. Sub-populations at highest risk are girls in urban/semi-urban areas during spring months, thus indicating the need for effective initiatives to support adequate vitamin D status in these population groups.
TRANSNATIONAL ANARCHISM, JAPANESE REVOLUTIONARY CONNECTIONS, AND THE PERSONAL POLITICS OF EXILE
Authors: WILLEMS NADINE 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn the autumn of 1913, Japanese radical journalist Ishikawa Sanshirō (1876–1956) fled Japan for Europe on a self-imposed exile that would last more than seven years. While there, he mingled with English social philosopher Edward Carpenter (1844–1929) and his circle of friends, and resided for several years with the family of French anarchist Paul Reclus (1858–1941), nephew and professional heir of famed nineteenth-century geographer Elisée Reclus (1830–1905). Ishikawa’s travels contributed to the development of an intricate web of non-state, non-institutional links, fuelling an exchange of knowledge that spanned four decades. His personal trajectory highlights the significance of individual-based activism to the early twentieth-century global spread of anarchism. The experience of exile is also a valuable opportunity to explore how chance encounters, emotional ties, and subjective politics shape ideas of social change in tension with ideological consistency.
GROUP PORTRAIT: THE ISPETTRICI NAZIONALI OF THE ITALIAN FASCIST PARTY, 1937–1943
Authors: WILLSON PERRY 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe years of fascist rule in Italy saw an unprecedented mass political mobilization of women, a mobilization that has, to date, been little studied by historians. This article focuses on the role of the ispettrici nazionali – the highest rank that women ever reached in the fascist party hierarchy. It attempts to piece together a ‘group portrait’ of these hitherto unstudied female hierarchs, who were appointed from 1937 onwards to form a group leadership for the fasci femminili – the women's section of the party and the only way that women could join it. The article investigates who these women were, how they managed to rise to this prominent position, their ideas and motivations, and their role in organizing and mobilizing millions of female party members for political campaigns and for the war effort.