bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medial frontal theta is entrained to rewarded actions
Authors: Amarante Linda M. , Caetano Marcelo S. , Laubach Mark 
Published: June 2017

AbstractRodents lick to consume fluids. The reward value of ingested fluids is likely to be encoded by neuronal activity entrained to the lick cycle. Here, we investigated relationships between licking and reward signaling by the medial frontal cortex [MFC], a key cortical region for reward-guided learning and decision-making. Multi-electrode recordings of spike activity and field potentials were made in male rats as they performed an incentive contrast licking task. Rats received access to higher and lower value sucrose rewards over alternating 30 sec periods. They learned to lick persistently when higher value rewards were available and to suppress licking when lower value rewards were available. Spectral analysis of spikes and fields revealed evidence for reward value being encoded by the strength of phase-locking of a 6-12 Hz theta rhythm to the rats’ lick cycle. Recordings during the initial acquisition of the task found that the strength of phase-locking to the lick cycle was strengthened with experience. A modification of the task, with a temporal gap of 2 sec added between reward deliveries, found that the rhythmic signals persisted during periods of dry licking, a finding that suggests the MFC encodes either the value of the currently available reward or the vigor with which rats act to consume it. Finally, we found that reversible inactivations of the MFC in the opposite hemisphere eliminated the encoding of reward information. Together, our findings establish that a 6-12 Hz theta rhythm, generated by the rodent medial frontal cortex, is synchronized to rewarded actions.Significance StatementThe cellular and behavioral mechanisms of reward signaling by the medial frontal cortex [MFC] have not been resolved. We report evidence for a 6-12 Hz theta rhythm that is generated by the MFC and synchronized with ongoing consummatory actions. Previous studies of MFC reward signaling have inferred value coding upon temporally sustained activity during the period of reward consumption. Our findings suggest that MFC activity is temporally sustained due to the consumption of the rewarding fluids, and not necessarily the abstract properties of the rewarding fluid. Two other major findings were that the MFC reward signals persist beyond the period of fluid delivery and are generated by neurons within the MFC.
Genome-enabled insights into the ecophysiology of the comammox bacteriumCandidatusNitrospira nitrosa
Authors: Camejo Pamela Y. , Domingo Jorge Santo , McMahon Katherine D. , Noguera Daniel R. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTThe recently discovered comammox bacteria have the potential to completely oxidize ammonia to nitrate. These microorganisms are part of theNitrospiragenus and are present in a variety of environments, including Biological Nutrient Removal (BNR) systems. However, the physiological traits within and between comammox- and nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB)-likeNitrospiraspecies have not been analyzed in these ecosystems. In this study, we identifiedNitrospirastrains dominating the nitrifying community of a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) performing BNR under micro-aerobic conditions. We recovered metagenomes-derived draft genomes from twoNitrospirastrains: (1)Nitrospirasp. UW-LDO-01, a comammox-like organism classified asCandidatusNitrospira nitrosa, and (2)Nitrospirasp. UW-LDO-02, a nitrite oxidizing strain belonging to theNitrospira defluviispecies. A comparative genomic analysis of these strains with otherNitrospira-likegenomes identified genomic differences inCa.Nitrospira nitrosa mainly attributed to each strains’ niche adaptation. Traits associated with energy metabolism also differentiate comammox from NOB-like genomes. We also identified several transcriptionally regulated adaptive traits, including stress tolerance, biofilm formation and micro-aerobic metabolism, which might explain survival ofNitrospiraunder multiple environmental conditions. Overall, our analysis expanded our understanding of the genetic functional features ofCa.Nitrospira nitrosa, and identified genomic traits that further illuminate the phylogenetic diversity and metabolic plasticity of theNitrospiragenus.
Pantothenate auxotrophy inZymomonas mobilisZM4 is due to a lack of aspartate decarboxylase activity
Authors: Gliessman J. R. , Kremer T. A. , Sangani A. A. , Jones-Burrage S. E. , McKinlay J. B. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe bacteriumZymomonas mobilisnaturally produces ethanol at near theoretical maximum yields, making it of interest for industrial ethanol production.Z. mobilisrequires the vitamin pantothenate for growth. Here we characterized the genetic basis for theZ. mobilispantothenate auxotrophy. We found that this auxotrophy is due to the absence of a single gene,panD, encoding aspartate-decarboxylase. Heterologous expression ofEscherichia coliPanD inZ. mobilisor supplementation of the growth medium with the product of PanD activity, β-alanine, eliminated the need for exogenous pantothenate. We also determined that IlvC, an enzyme better known for branched-chain amino acid synthesis, is required for pantothenate synthesis inZ. mobilis, as it compensates for the absence of PanE, another pantothenate synthesis pathway enzyme. In addition to contributing to an understanding of the nutritional requirements ofZ. mobilis, our results have led to the design of a more cost-effective growth medium.
Modelling competitive advantage of nation: a literature review
Authors: Hanafi Muhammad , Wibisono Dermawan , Mangkusubroto Kuntoro , Siallagan Manahan , Badriyah Mila Jamilah Khatun 
Published: June 2017

PurposeThis paper aims to create a mapping of competitive advantage of nations (CAN) from research using some previous studies and recommend future research.Design/methodology/approachThis paper applies a systematic literature review on the most recent studies of CAN. The research gap is analysed based on several categories: implication (strategy and policy, portrait); general characteristics (fundamental issues, indicators and patterns); solution methodology and strategic level (nation and industry). Then, the state-of-the-art analysis is used to develop future research.FindingsThe results of this study recommend future research of CAN based on the following CAN categories: implication (strategy and policy, portrait); general characteristics (fundamental issues, indicators and patterns); solution methodology and strategic level (nation and industry).Research limitations/implicationsThis literature review has important implications and gives direction for research and teaching, as well as for further investigation of CAN. The limitation lies in the classification of patterns, which requires further study to avoid the ambiguity of grouping.Originality/valueThis is the first literature review about CAN using categories. It is of value in building future research of CAN in different industries and nations.
Investigation of flow structures in a turbulent separating flow using hybrid RANS-LES model
Authors: Kumar Gaurav , De Ashoke , Gopalan Harish 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
Hybrid Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes large eddy simulation (RANS-LES) methods have become popular for simulation of massively separated flows at high Reynolds numbers due to their reduced computational cost and good accuracy. The current study aims to examine the performance of LES and hybrid RANS-LES model for a given grid resolution.

Design/methodology/approach
For better assessment and contrast of model performance, both mean and instantaneous flow fields have been investigated. For studying instantaneous flow, proper orthogonal decomposition has been used.

Findings
Current analysis shows that hybrid RANS-LES is capable of achieving similar accuracy in prediction of both mean and instantaneous flow fields at a very coarse grid as compared to LES.

Originality/value
Focusing mostly on the practical applications of computation, most of the attention has been given to the prediction of one-point flow statistics and little consideration has been put to two-point statistics. Here, two-point statistics has been considered using POD to investigate unsteady turbulent flow.
Reactor modelling assessment for urea-SNCR applications
Authors: Finnerman Oskar , Razmjoo Narges , Guo Ning , Strand Michael , Ström Henrik 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
This work aims to investigate the effects of neglecting, modelling or partly resolving turbulent fluctuations of velocity, temperature and concentrations on the predicted turbulence-chemistry interaction in urea-selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) systems.

Design/methodology/approach
Numerical predictions of the NO conversion efficiency in an industrial urea-SNCR system are compared to experimental data. Reactor models of varying complexity are assessed, ranging from one-dimensional ideal reactor models to state-of-the-art computational fluid dynamics simulations based on the detached-eddy simulation (DES) approach. The models use the same reaction mechanism but differ in the degree to which they resolve the turbulent fluctuations of the gas phase. A methodology for handling of unknown experimental data with regard to providing adequate boundary conditions is also proposed.

Findings
One-dimensional reactor models may be useful for a first quick assessment of urea-SNCR system performance. It is critical to account for heat losses, if present, due to the significant sensitivity of the overall process to temperature. The most comprehensive DES setup evaluated is associated with approximately two orders of magnitude higher computational cost than the conventional Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes-based simulations. For studies that require a large number of simulations (e.g. optimizations or handling of incomplete experimental data), the less costly approaches may be favored with a tolerable loss of accuracy.

Originality/value
Novel numerical and experimental results are presented to elucidate the role of turbulent fluctuations on the performance of a complex, turbulent, reacting multiphase flow.
Community resilience to natural disasters: the role of disaster entrepreneurship
Authors: Linnenluecke Martina K. , McKnight Brent 
Published: June 2017

PurposeThe paper aims to examine the conditions under which disaster entrepreneurship contributes to community-level resilience. The authors define disaster entrepreneurship as attempts by the private sector to create or maintain value during and in the immediate aftermath of a natural disaster by taking advantage of business opportunities and providing goods and services required by community stakeholders.Design/methodology/approachThis paper builds a typology of disaster entrepreneurial responses by drawing on the dimensions of structural expansion and role change. The authors use illustrative case examples to conceptualize how these responses improve community resilience by filling critical resource voids in the aftermath of natural disasters.FindingsThe typology identifies four different disaster entrepreneurship approaches: entrepreneurial business continuity, scaling of organizational response through activating latent structures, improvising and emergence. The authors formulate proposition regarding how each of the approaches is related to community-level resilience.Practical implicationsWhile disaster entrepreneurship can offer for-profit opportunities for engaging in community-wide disaster response and recovery efforts, firms should carefully consider the financial, legal, reputational and organizational implications of disaster entrepreneurship.Social implicationsCommunities should consider how best to harness disaster entrepreneurship in designing their disaster response strategies.Originality/valueThis research offers a novel typology to explore the role that for-profit firms play in disaster contexts and adds to prior research which has mostly focused on government agencies, non-governmental organizations and emergency personnel.
Social enterprise, sustainability and community in post-earthquake Christchurch
Authors: Berno Tracy 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
Since 4 September 2010, the greater Christchurch region has endured a series of destructive earthquakes. As a result, food resilience, as a component of community resilience, has become highly relevant. This paper aims to explore the role of social entrepreneurs and the local food system in building community resilience.

Design/methodology/approach
Using a quasi-case study method, four social enterprise food initiatives are presented to illustrate conceptually how these local food systems contribute to community resilience in the post-earthquake context in Christchurch.

Findings
The results suggest that a generation of social entrepreneurs have emerged, giving rise to networked local food system initiatives that share the common goals of building multiple and unique forms of capital (human, social, natural, financial and physical). In doing so, they have contributed to creating conditions that support community resilience as both a process and an outcome in post-earthquake Christchurch.

Research limitations/implications
This research included only four enterprises as the case study, all located in central Christchurch. As such, the results are indicative and may not represent those found in other contexts.

Practical implications
The research suggests that social entrepreneurs make a significant contribution to both enhancing food security and building community resilience post-disaster. How policy infrastructure can empower and enable entrepreneurs’ post-disaster warrants further consideration.

Social implications
Collectively, the four enterprises included in the research were found to have created local solutions in response to local problems. This embeddedness with and responsiveness to the community is a characteristic of resilient communities.

Originality/value
Post-earthquake Christchurch is a living laboratory in relation to understanding community resilience. The processes by which it is occurring, how it is sustained over time and the shapes it will take in the future in such a dynamic environment are not yet understood. This paper contributes to understanding local food systems as part of this process.
The Australian Housing System: A Quiet Revolution?
Authors: Wood Gavin A. , Ong Rachel 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe Australian housing system is quietly undergoing a major transformation. Many young and middle‐aged home owners are paying down large mortgages that leave them precariously positioned on the margins of ownership. As house prices have remained stubbornly high relative to incomes, renters are finding it increasingly difficult to achieve home ownership status. For some low income households, precarious housing circumstances will result in worrying levels of homelessness, which is symptomatic of a housing system that is failing the most vulnerable in society. This article describes long‐run trends derived from nationally representative datasets that offer some insights into how the Australian housing system has reached this position.
Effect of known history of heart disease on survival outcomes after out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrests
Authors: Lee Magdalene HM , Fook‐Chong Stephanie , Wah Win , Shin Sang Do , Nishiuchi Tatsuya , Ko Patrick Chow‐In , Naroo Ghulam Yasin , Wong Kwanhathai Darin , Tiah Ling , Monsomboon Apichaya , Siddiqui Fahad J , Ong Marcus EH ,   on behalf of the PAROS Clinical Research Network
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the effect of known heart disease on post‐out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) survival outcomes, and its association with factors influencing survival.MethodsThis was an observational, retrospective study involving an OHCA database from seven Asian countries in 2009–2012. Heart disease was defined as a documented diagnosis of coronary artery disease or congenital heart disease. Patients with non‐traumatic arrests for whom resuscitation was attempted and with known medical histories were included. Differences in demographics, arrest characteristics and survival between patients with and without known heart disease were analysed. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify factors influencing survival to discharge.ResultsOf 19 044 eligible patients, 5687 had known heart disease. They were older (77 vs 72 years) and had more comorbidities like diabetes (40.9 vs 21.8%), hypertension (60.6 vs 36.0%) and previous stroke (15.2 vs 10.1%). However, they were not more likely to receive bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (P = 0.205) or automated external defibrillation (P = 0.980). On univariate analysis, known heart disease was associated with increased survival (unadjusted odds ratio 1.16, 95% confidence interval 1.03–1.30). However, on multivariate analysis, heart disease predicted poorer survival (adjusted odds ratio 0.76, 95% confidence interval 0.58–1.00). Other factors influencing survival corresponded with previous reports.ConclusionsKnown heart disease independently predicted poorer post‐OHCA survival. This study may provide information to guide future prospective studies specifically looking at family education for patients with heart disease and the effect on OHCA outcomes.
Do all adult orthopaedic injuries seen in emergency departments need to attend fracture clinic? A Queensland multicentred review
Authors: Cleary Aidan , Zeller Robert , Maguire Chris , Goh Shyan , Shortt Nick 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectiveMusculoskeletal injuries account for a significant proportion of ED presentations annually, with a large percentage being referred to the fracture clinic (FC). A literature review found that many referrals could be safely managed outside the traditional model of care. The present study aims to review all adult presentations to FCs at two Queensland metropolitan hospitals, finding low‐risk injuries that can safely and appropriately be managed by their general practitioner (GP) or allied health professionals (AHPs), potentially affording significant savings to the health system.MethodsA retrospective study at Logan and Redland Hospitals was undertaken, reviewing all adult patients (≥16 years) referred to FCs over an eight week period. Injuries were categorised into those requiring FC care supervised by an orthopaedic surgeon (fracture clinic pathway) and those that could be safely managed by GPs or AHPs, with the aid of evidence‐based, protocol‐driven guidelines known as the primary care pathway (PCP).ResultsA total of 1367 patients were referred to FC over the study period, of whom 546 (40%) were assessed as suitable candidates for PCP. Redland Hospital accounted for 65% of all PCP‐suitable patients, whereas Logan Hospital accounted for 35%. Failure‐to‐attend rates were significantly higher (P < 0.001) in the PCP patients compared to other patients attending FCs.ConclusionAdopting the PCP could potentially reduce fracture clinic referrals by 40%. Having a structured pathway has the potential to empower primary health professionals, which could result in a more streamlined process that aids in significant time and financial savings and maintains good patient satisfaction and outcomes.
Epidemiology and outcomes of missing admission medication history in severe trauma: A retrospective study
Authors: Miller Matthew , Morris Richard , Fisicaro Nicoletta , Curtis Kate 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectiveAnticoagulant and antiplatelet (ACAP) drugs are associated with increased mortality in trauma patients, therefore medication history on admission is important. Whether these medications are recorded on trauma admission has not been investigated, nor if absence of a medication history is associated with worse patient outcomes.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective database review combining demographic and outcome data from the St George Hospital (Sydney) trauma registry with admission medication history in the electronic record. To contrast medications with a known increased risk (ACAP) to patients with unknown risk, patients were divided into three groups: those on ACAPs, no‐ACAP if medication history was present and no‐ACAP documented, or no‐Hx if no medication history recorded. Inclusion criteria were aged >16 and Injury Severity Score (ISS) >12. Admission demographic data and outcome data were compared between all three groups.ResultsOf 533 consecutive patients, 21% comprised the no‐Hx group, while 22% were on an ACAP and 57% not on an ACAP. No‐Hx patients had more severe head injuries and a younger median age compared to ACAP patients (42 vs 82 years old, P < 0.001). Mortality was higher for ACAP (24%; 95% CI 17–33%) compared to no‐ACAP (11%; 95% CI 8–16%) or no‐Hx patients (12%; 95% CI 7–20%) (P = 0.04).ConclusionsWhile a large number of severe trauma patients were admitted without a medication history, no‐Hx patients did not appear at increased risk of adverse outcomes. ACAP patients had a higher mortality compared to no‐ACAP highlighting the vulnerability of this group.
Persistence of transgenes in wild rice populations depends on the interaction between genetic background of recipients and environmental conditions
Authors: Dong S.S. , Xiao M.Q. , Ouyang D.X. , Rong J. , Lu B.‐R. , Su J. , Wang F. , Chen J.K. , Song Z.‐P. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe persistence of transgenes in wild populations may cause unintended ecological consequences, and the possibility of transgenes' persistence and introgression is dependent on fitness performance of transgenic crop–wild hybrids. To investigate the effects of transgene and genotype × environment on the fitness of crop–wild rice hybrids, a total of 11 cross‐combination progenies between insect‐resistant transgene (CpTI and Bt/CpTI) rice lines and wild rice (Oryza rufipogon) were evaluated at different sites with contrasting insect treatments. The results showed that fitness performance varied between transgenic hybrids having different wild parents and under different environmental conditions, indicating that fitness effects of transgenes on hybrid progenies depend heavily on the genetic background of recipient plants and growing environment. Significant fitness advantages conferred by transgenes were found only in some hybrids under high insect pressure condition, demonstrating that the level of target insects in the field environment influences the persistence and spread of insect‐resistant transgenes in wild rice populations. These findings suggest that evolutionary fate of escaped transgenes is different in wild populations with diverse genetic backgrounds under various environmental conditions.