bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biobased Polyamides: Recent Advances in Basic and Applied Research
Authors: Winnacker Malte , Rieger Bernhard 
Published: July 2016

Polyamides represent a very important class of polymers for a wide range of applications. After establishing in the 1930s with Nylon and Perlon, their impact on many branches has been continuously growing. In the context of developing sustainable polymers from renewable resources, many polyamides have meanwhile been described, which are based on natural building blocks. In addition to their sustainability, these biobased starting materials can provide special structural features to the resulting polymers and their properties, e.g., side groups, functionalities, or stereoinformation. While some biopolyamides are known for decades and well established (e.g., PA‐11, Rilsan), many other promising candidates have been described in fundamental research studies, which have high potential but whose capability—especially for large scale and/or high‐performance materials—will have to be proved in the future. Other candidates are very interesting from a scientific point of view, but with less potential for a market establishment due to price and/or feasibility reasons. This article aims at collating the recent developments in the field of biopolyamides and elucidating their properties and potential for different applications.image
Positive ground state solutions for a class of Schrödinger–Poisson systems with sign‐changing and vanishing potential
Authors: Liu Hongliang , Chen Haibo , Xiao Qizhen 
Published: July 2016

This paper deals with the following Schrödinger–Poisson systems

urn:x-wiley:mma:media:mma4110:mma4110-math-0001
where λ, ν are positive parameters and V(x) is sign‐changing and may vanish at infinity. Under some suitable assumptions, the existence of positive ground state solutions is obtained by using variational methods. Our main results unify and improve the recent ones in the literatures. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design of Tailor‐Made Water‐Soluble Copolymers for Enhanced Oil Recovery Polymer Flooding Applications
Authors: Riahinezhad Marzieh , Romero‐Zerón Laura , McManus Neil , Penlidis Alexander 
Published: July 2016

The goal in this study is to shed light on the ambiguous procedure of making AAm/AAc copolymers for polymer flooding applications for enhanced oil recovery (EOR). Despite the extensive use of these copolymers in polymer flooding, a well‐established recipe for the required desirable properties of AAm/AAc copolymers does not exist in the literature. Therefore, the knowledge from copolymerization kinetics and copolymer structure/property relationships is implemented to tailor‐make copolymers for polymer flooding. The detailed knowledge of the copolymerization kinetics enables to design copolymers with desirable properties, such as high molecular weight, high AAm content in the copolymer, and random distribution of anionic charges along the copolymer chain. Moreover, rheological properties show that copolymers with higher AAc content in the copolymer have higher solution viscosity and elasticity, both of which are desirable properties. In general, the main factors that should be considered when designing a polymer for polymer flooding for EOR applications are described.image
Error‐free transformation of matrix multiplication with a posteriori validation
Authors: Ozaki Katsuhisa , Ogita Takeshi , Oishi Shin'ichi 
Published: July 2016

SummaryIn this study, we examine the accurate matrix multiplication in floating‐point arithmetic. We demonstrate the error‐free transformations of matrix multiplication using high performance basic linear algebra subprograms. These transformations can be applied to accurately compute the product of two matrices using floating‐point entries. A key technique for this calculation is error‐free splitting in floating‐point matrices. In this study, we improve upon our previous method by a posteriori validation using floating‐point exception. In the method, we utilize the presence of overflow in a positive manner for detecting whether rounding error occurs. If overflow occurs, the result contains some exceptional values such as
and NaN, that is, the method fails by necessity. Otherwise, we can confirm that no rounding error occurs in the process. Therefore, reducing the possibility of overflow is important. The numerical results suggest that the proposed algorithm provides more accurate results compared with the original algorithm. Moreover, for the product of n × n matrices, when
, the new algorithm reduces the computing time for error‐free transformation by an average of 20 % and up to 30 % compared with the original algorithm. Furthermore, the new algorithm can be used when matrix multiplication is performed using divide‐and‐conquer methods. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Early‐term deliveries as an independent risk factor for long‐term respiratory morbidity of the offspring
Authors: Walfisch Asnat , Beharier Ofer , Wainstock Tamar , Sergienko Ruslan , Landau Daniella , Sheiner Eyal 
Published: July 2016

SummaryObjectiveNewborns exhibit the lowest immediate respiratory morbidity rates when born following 39 completed weeks of gestation. We sought to determine whether early‐term delivery (37–38 + 6 weeks’ gestation) impacts on long‐term pediatric respiratory morbidity.Study designIn this population‐based prospective cohort analysis, all term singleton deliveries occurring between 1991 and 2013 at a single tertiary medical center were included. Gestational age upon delivery was sub‐divided into: early (37–38 + 6 weeks’ gestation), full (39–40 + 6 weeks’ gestation), late (41–41 + 6 weeks’ gestation), and post‐term (>42 weeks) deliveries. The incidence of long‐term hospitalizations (up to the age of 18 years) of the offspring due to a set of predefined respiratory morbidities was evaluated. Survival curves were used to compare cumulative morbidity incidence. A Cox hazards regression model was used to control for confounders.ResultsDuring the study period, 229,142 term deliveries met the inclusion criteria. Of those, 24% (n = 55,202) occurred at early term. Hospitalizations up to the age of 18 years, as a result of complications in the respiratory system were significantly more common in the early‐term group as compared with full and late‐term delivery groups. In the Cox regression model, while controlling for multiple confounders, early‐term delivery exhibited an independent association with long‐term respiratory morbidity (adjusted HR = 1.24, CI 1.19–1.29, P < 0.001).ConclusionDeliveries occurring at early term are associated with higher rates of pediatric respiratory hospitalizations compared with full and late‐term deliveries. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017;52:198–204. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Perspective on cystic fibrosis and physical activity: Is there a difference compared to healthy individuals?
Authors: Jantzen Anika , Opoku‐Pare Miriam , Bieli Christian , Ruf Katharina , Hebestreit Helge , Moeller Alexander 
Published: July 2016

SummaryObjectivesThe aim of this study was to compare habitual physical activity between cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and healthy controls and to investigate possible predictors for reduced physical activity in CF patients.MethodsSixty‐six patients with CF (3–44 years) and 65 healthy controls (3–55 years) were asked to wear an accelerometer (Actigraph GT1M) for 9 days (at least 10 hr/day). Physical activity was classified in five categories from very low to very strenuous.ResultsIn general, there was no difference in physical activity between CF patients and healthy controls. However, young school‐aged 6–13 years old children with CF spent less time with strenuous and very strenuous activity than healthy controls (adjusted difference in activity −0.43 (−0.69, −0.17)). Patients with very low lung function were significantly less active, but other CF‐associated conditions did not affect physical activity.ConclusionsWhile we found similar levels of physical activity measured by accelerometry in patients with CF compared to healthy controls in general, young school‐aged children showed less engagement in strenuous activities than their healthy counterparts. As the reduced physical activity in young school children was not likely to be explained by the disease state, strenuous physical activity may be enhanced by advocating exercise and sport. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2016;51:1020–1030. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Does Neighbourhood Ethnic Concentration in Early Life Affect Subsequent Labour Market Outcomes? A Study across Ethnic Groups in England and Wales
Authors: Zuccotti Carolina V. , Platt Lucinda 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe impact of neighbourhood ethnic concentration on ethnic minorities' outcomes is a contested topic, with mixed empirical results. In this paper, we use a large‐scale longitudinal dataset of England and Wales, covering a 40‐year period, to assess the impact of neighbourhood co‐ethnic concentration in childhood on subsequent adult labour market outcomes. We distinguish the five main minority groups in the UK and develop theoretical expectations about how social interaction mechanisms in the neighbourhood might influence their employment and social class outcomes, given different group (cultural values and ethnic capital) and individual (gender) characteristics. By separating in time explanatory and outcome variables and by controlling for factors that mediate or confound co‐ethnic concentration – such as neighbourhood deprivation, household resources in childhood (i.e. parental social class), and individuals' own education – our analytical model tackles potential problems of self‐selection and endogeneity. Among other findings, we show that greater concentration of co‐ethnics in the neighbourhood results in substantially lower labour market participation and lower social class for Pakistani and Bangladeshi women but better social class outcomes for Indian men. We link the outcomes for Pakistani and Bangladeshi women to cultural maintenance of more traditional norms, facilitated by greater social interaction. The results for Indian men, instead, suggest the positive role that high levels of group resources or ‘ethnic capital’ can play. Our study is, we believe, the first to demonstrate a role for co‐ethnic concentration in childhood in explaining Pakistani and Bangladeshi women's low labour market participation and Indian men's labour market success. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Reliability of the Pre‐hospital Physical Examination of the Pelvis: A Retrospective, Multicenter Study
Authors: Lustenberger Thomas , Walcher Felix , Lefering Rolf , Schweigkofler Uwe , Wyen Hendrik , Marzi Ingo , Wutzler Sebastian ,   the TraumaRegister DGU
Published: July 2016

AbstractIntroductionThis study assesses the incidence of missed pelvic injuries in the pre‐hospital setting.MethodsAll blunt trauma patients (ISS ≥ 9) with pre‐hospital suspicion of and/or radiologically proven pelvic fracture documented in the TraumaRegister DGU® (TR‐DGU) of the German Trauma Society DGU (2002–2011) were identified and retrospectively analyzed. Patients with a missed pelvic injury in the pre‐hospital period were compared with those who were correctly identified.ResultsOf the 11,062 patients included, 7201 patients (65.1 %) had a pelvic fracture diagnosed on hospital admission. In 44.1 % (n = 3178) of the patients with confirmed pelvic fracture, no pelvic injury was suspected pre‐clinically (overall sensitivity of the pre‐hospital pelvic examination: 55.9 %). For type B and C pelvic fractures, 40.5 % and 32.3 %, respectively, were not suspected in the pre‐hospital environment. Patients with a not‐suspected pelvic injury were significantly more likely to have been involved in a motor vehicle accident, to have a GCS ≤ 8, to be intubated at the scene and to have an ISS of ≥25 (all p < 0.05). Independent risk factors for missing a pelvic injury in the pre‐hospital setting were an AIS head ≥3, a GCS ≤ 8 and age above 60 years. The presence of hypotension (SBP ≤ 90 mmHg) as well as a high overall injury severity (ISS ≥ 25) decreased the risk of missing a pelvic injury.ConclusionA significant proportion of severe pelvic fractures type B and C were not suspected in the pre‐hospital setting. Therefore, in severely injured blunt trauma patients, a mechanical pelvic stabilization in the pre‐hospital environment, irrespective of the findings of the physical examination of the pelvis, should be considered.
Study on Apparent Viscosity and Structure of Foaming Slag
Authors: Martinsson Johan , Glaser Björn , Sichen Du 
Published: July 2016

AbstractFoaming slag was generated using induction heating. The foam was found non-Newtonian having much higher apparent viscosity compared to the dynamic viscosity of pure slag. Quenched foam was examined. The appearance of the foaming slag was very different from silicone oil–gas foam. The size of gas bubbles ranged from 0.1 to 4 mm (while in the case of silicone oil, 1 to 2 mm). The gas fraction in the foam was considerably lower than in the case of silicone oil.
Penile Girth Enhancement with Polymethylmethacrylate-Based Soft Tissue Fillers
Authors: Casavantes Luis , Lemperle Gottfried , Morales Palmira 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

Introduction
An unknown percentage of men will take every risk to develop a larger penis. Thus far, most injectables have caused serious problems. Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) microspheres have been injected as a wrinkle filler and volumizer with increasing safety since 1989.

Aim
To report on a safe and permanently effective method to enhance penile girth and length with an approved dermal filler (ie, PMMA).

Methods
Since 2007, the senior author has performed penile augmentation in 752 men mainly with Metacrill, a suspension of PMMA microspheres in carboxymethyl-cellulose.

Main Outcome Measures
The data of 729 patients and 203 completed questionnaires were evaluated statistically.

Results
The overall satisfaction rate was 8.7 on a scale of 1 to 10. After one to three injection sessions, average girth increased by 3.5 cm, or 134% (10.2 to 13.7 cm = 134.31%). Penile length also increased by weight and stretching force of the implant from an average of 9.8 to 10.5 cm. Approximately half the patients perceived some irregularities of the implant, which caused no problems. Complications occurred in 0.4%, when PMMA nodules had to be surgically removed in three of the 24% of patients who had a non-circumcised penis.

Conclusion
After 5 years of development, penile augmentation with PMMA microspheres appears to be a natural, safe, and permanently effective method. The only complication of nodule formation and other irregularities can be overcome by an improved injection technique and better postimplantation care.
Action in Law’s Empire: Judging in the Deliberative Mode
Authors: Rodriguez-Blanco Veronica 
Published: July 2016

Dworkin advances the view that judges decide legal cases according to constructive interpretation. The aim of constructive interpretation is to justify the coercion of the State. A trivial implication of this view is that officials and citizens will comply with the law because of the justification that has been advanced by judges in their exercise of constructive interpretation. Consequently, neither officials nor citizens comply with the law because they have been coerced or because they have been simply told to do so. But then, it seems that constructive interpretation cannot really provide any guidance since officials and citizens have been asked toacceptthe interpretation of the law that has been put forward by the judges since arguably, it is the best possible interpretation of what the law is in this particular case. However, why they ought to do so?I will argue that the mistake of the theory of constructive interpretation lies in a misleading and implausible conception of action that believes that action is raw behavioural data and that therefore we need to ‘impose meaning’, ‘value’ or ‘purpose’ on them. I will defend a more plausible conception of action along the classical tradition that understands practice as originating in agency and deliberation. The outcome is that constructive interpretation and its conception of ‘imposing meaning’ on practice is a theoretical perspective that neglects and misunderstands action and practical reason.
Elimination of Routine Contact Precautions for Endemic Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusand Vancomycin-ResistantEnterococcus: A Retrospective Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Martin Elise M. , Russell Dana , Rubin Zachary , Humphries Romney , Grogan Tristan R. , Elashoff David , Uslan Daniel Z. 
Published: July 2016

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the impact of discontinuation of contact precautions (CP) for methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) and vancomycin-resistantEnterococcus(VRE) and expansion of chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) use on the health system.DESIGNRetrospective, nonrandomized, observational, quasi-experimental study.SETTINGTwo California hospitals.PARTICIPANTSInpatients.METHODSWe compared hospital-wide laboratory-identified clinical culture rates (as a marker of healthcare-associated infections) 1 year before and after routine CP for endemic MRSA and VRE were discontinued and CHG bathing was expanded to all units. Culture data from patients and cost data on material utilization were collected. Nursing time spent donning personal protective equipment was assessed and quantified using time-driven activity-based costing.RESULTSAverage positive culture rates before and after discontinuing CP were 0.40 and 0.32 cultures/100 admissions for MRSA (P=.09), and 0.48 and 0.40 cultures/100 admissions for VRE (P=.14). When combining isolation gown and CHG costs, the health system saved $643,776 in 1 year. Before the change, 28.5% intensive care unit and 19% medicine/surgery beds were on CP for MRSA/VRE. On the basis of average room entries and donning time, estimated nursing time spent donning personal protective equipment for MRSA/VRE before the change was 45,277 hours/year (estimated cost, $4.6 million).CONCLUSIONDiscontinuing routine CP for endemic MRSA and VRE did not result in increased rates of MRSA or VRE after 1 year. With cost savings on materials, decreased healthcare worker time, and no concomitant increase in possible infections, elimination of routine CP may add substantial value to inpatient care delivery.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2016;1–8
Effect of Acidified Versus Frozen Storage on Marine Dissolved Organic Carbon Concentration and Isotopic Composition
Authors: Walker Brett D , Griffin Sheila , Druffel Ellen R M 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe standard procedure for storing/preserving seawater dissolved organic carbon (DOC) samples after field collection is by freezing (–20°C) until future analysis can be made. However, shipping and receiving large numbers of these samples without thawing presents a significant logistical problem and large monetary expense. Access to freezers can also be limited in remote field locations. We therefore test an alternative method of preserving and storing samples for the measurement of DOC concentrations ([DOC]), stable carbon (δ13C), and radiocarbon (as ∆14C) isotopic values via UV photooxidation (UVox). We report a total analytical reproducibility of frozen DOC samples to be [DOC]±1.3 µM, ∆14C±9.4‰, and δ13C±0.1‰, comparable to previously reported results (Druffel et al. 2013). Open Ocean DOC frozen versus acidified duplicates were on average offset by ∆DOC±1.1 µM, ∆∆14C± –1.3‰, and ∆δ13C± –0.1‰. Coastal Ocean frozen vs. acidified sample replicates, collected as part of a long-term (380-day) storage experiment, had larger, albeit consistent offsets of ∆DOC±2.2 µM, ∆∆14C±1.5‰, and ∆δ13C± –0.2‰. A simple isotopic mass balance of changes in [DOC], ∆14C, and δ13C values reveals loss of semi-labile DOC (2.2±0.6 µM, ∆14C=–94±105‰, δ13C=–27±10‰; n=4) and semi-recalcitrant DOC (2.4±0.7 µM, ∆14C=–478±116‰, δ13C=–23.4±3.0‰; n=3) in Coastal and Open Ocean acidified samples, respectively.
The Genus Fulgensia A. Massal. & De Not., a Diverse Group in the Teloschistaceae.
Authors: Westberg Martin , Kärnefelt Ingvar 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe morphology and the anatomy of the 13 species presently included in the genusFulgensiawere surveyed.Caloplaca aureaandC. paulii, two speciesregarded as closely related toFulgensiaby earlier authors, were also included in the study.Fulgensiawas found to exhibit a great variation in both morphology and anatomy. The differences in size, shape and septation of the spores, in the anatomy of cortex and exciple, and in the gross morphology, will presumably motivate a different taxonomic treatment in the future. A tentative separation of the species into four different groups is proposed here. Group A comprisesF. australisandF. chanousiae, which appear close to species inCaloplacasect.Gasparrinia. Groups B and C, each comprises one species,F. schistidiiandF. canariensisrespectively and group D comprises the remaining nine species, including the type speciesF. fulgens. The last group may be further split by a more detailed investigation. The present separation ofFulgensiainto two subgenera cannot be regarded as taxonomically sound. The genus is probably polyphyletic and the different groups are probably related to different groups within the large genusCaloplaca.
U–essential prime divisors and sequences over an ideal
Authors: Katz Daniel , Ratliff Louis J. 
Published: July 2016

All rings in this paper are assumed to be commutative with identity, and they will generally also be Noetherian.In several recent papers the asymptotic theory of ideals in Noetherian rings has been introduced and developed. In this new theory the roles played in the standard theory by associated primes,R-sequences, classical grade, and Cohen-Macaulay rings are played by, respectively, asymptotic prime divisors, asymptotic sequences, asymptotic grade, and locally quasi-unmixed Noetherian rings. And up to the present time it has been shown that quite a few results from the standard theory have a valid analogue in the asymptotic theory, and a number of interesting and useful new results concerning the asymptotic prime divisors of an ideal in a Noetherian ring have also been proved. In fact the analogy between the two theories is so good that a very useful (but not completely valid) working guide is: results from the standard theory should have a valid analogue in the asymptotic theory. And, although asymptotic sequences are coarser thanR-sequences (for example, they behave nicely when passing toR/zwithza minimal prime ideal inR), the converse of this working guide has also proved useful.
On some dimension formula for automorphic forms of weight one III
Authors: Hiramatsu Toyokazu , Akiyama Shigeki 
Published: July 2016

Let Γ be a fuchsian group of the first kind and assume that Γ does not contain the element . Let S1(Γ) be the linear space of cusp forms of weight 1 on the group Γ and denote by d1 the dimension of the space S1(Γ). When the group Γ has a compact fundamental domain, we have obtained the following (Hiramatsu [3]):(*) ,where ς*(s) denotes the Selberg type zeta function defined by.
Helicoidal minimal surfaces in hyperbolic space
Authors: Ripoll Jaime B. 
Published: July 2016

Denote byH3the 3-dimensional hyperbolic space with sectional curvatures equal to – 1, and letgbe a geodesic inH3Let{ψt}be the translation alongg(see § 2) and let{φt}be the one-parameter subgroup of isometries ofH3whose orbits are circles centered ong. Given anyα ∊ R, one can show thatλ = {λt}=ψt∘ φαt}is a one-parameter subgroup of isometries ofH3(see § 2) which is called a helicoidal group of isometries with angular pitchα. Any surface inH3which is λ-invariant is called a helicoidal surface.In this work we prove some results concerning minimal helicoidal surfaces inH3. The first one reads:
Poincaré type conditions of the regularity for the parabolic operator of order α
Authors: Itô Masayuki , Nishio Masaharu 
Published: July 2016

Let Rn+1 = Rn × R denote the (n + 1)-dimensional Euclidean space (n ≧ 1). For X ∊ Rn+1 we write X = (x, t) with x ∊ Rn and t ∊ R. In this case, Rn is called the x-space of Rn+1 = Rn × R.For an α with 0 < α < 1, we write