bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Mistaken Doctrine of Common Law: A Critique
Authors: Nikodym Lukáš , Nikodym Tomáš , Pušová Tereza 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The study deals with Huerta de Soto’s thesis about the “mistaken doctrine of common law”, which is based on the equalization of depositum irregulare and mutuum contracts. He concluded that equalization of these contracts resulted in the creation of business cycles. According to this study, Huerta de Soto made a mistake when considering contracts inspired by the continental law based on Roman law. The study shows that mutuum was even in Roman law an ancient contract that was not codified, and that Huerta de Soto’s interpretation of this contract in the Anglo-American legal system is based more on civil law, not on common law as he stated in his work. Finally, the problem of common law did not lie in the equalization of the mentioned contracts, but rather in the absence of depositum irregulare contracts applied to monetary questions.
Unconventionals in Europe: Best Practice vs. Worst Case - The Conflict Between Facts and Public Perception
Authors: Burri Peter 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
In spite of great progress in energy efficiency and in the development of renewable energy the world is likely to need significant amounts of fossil fuel throughout this century and beyond (the share of fossil fuels in the world mix has remained at about 86% of primary energy from 1990 to today). Gas, being the by far cleanest fossil fuel is the ideal bridging fuel to a world with predominantly renewable supplies. Thanks to the recent perfection of unconventional technologies there is no shortage of gas for this bridging function for at least the next 100-200 years. EASAC and several other European Institutions, notably the German Academy of Technical Sciences (acatech) have in the last few years carried out expert studies to assess the alleged environmental risks of unconventional hydrocarbon exploration and production. All these studies have, in agreement with other competent studies worldwide, come to the conclusion that there exists no scientific reason for a ban on hydraulic fracturing. With good practices, clear standards and adequate control the method causes no enhanced risks to the environment or the health of humans. Special attention has to be paid to the surface handling of drilling and fracking fluids. In Europe alone many thousand frac jobs have been carried out by the industry in the last 60 years without any severe accidents. The mishaps in North America have largely been the cause of unprofessional operations and human error. Especially in places with high air pollution, like many megacities of Asia, natural gas has to be seen as a unique chance to achieve a rapid improvement of the air quality and a significant reduction of CO2 emissions. This is also true for Europe where especially the use of domestic natural gas brings important benefits to the environment. The alternative to gas is in many regions of the world an increased consumption of coal, with all negative consequences.
Adaptation of Selected Ectomycorrhizal Fungi to Increased Concentration of Cadmium and Lead
Authors: Bandurska Katarzyna , Krupa Piotr , Berdowska Agnieszka , Marczak Magdalena 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Plants together with water and minerals actively take from the soil heavy metals such as cadmium and lead. The negative role of ions of these metals on plant growth and development depends not only on their concentration in the soil, but also on a number of factors that may affect the transport of minerals from the soil to the roots. The harmful effects of xenobiotics getting from the soil to the plants are limited by the organic compounds contained in the soil, soil structure and pH. Particularly noteworthy are biotic factors, such as bacteria and fungi which greatly limit the translocation of heavy metals. Stream of new scientific reports show that the symbiotic combination of fungi with plant roots so called mycorrhizae is a factor that may be important in reducing the impact of soil contamination by heavy metals. Mycorrhiza by filtering solutions of water and mineral salts stop a considerable amount of heavy metals in the internal mycelium or on its surface. It was proved that plants with properly formed mycorrhiza grow better in hard to renew lands, such as salty, sterile soils contaminated with industrial waste. Questions to which answer was sought in this study are: 1) whether mycorrhizal fungi for many years growing in the contaminated areas have managed to adapt to these adverse conditions and 2) do the same species derived from clean areas are less resistant to contamination by heavy metals? Stated problems tried to be solved based on the fruiting bodies of fungi collected from ectomycorrhizal fungi picked from the areas contaminated by industrial emissions and areas free of contamination. The interaction of cadmium and lead ions on the growth of mycelium was examined by plate method and binding of heavy metals in fruiting structures of fungi were done by colorimetric method with use of methylene blue. It has been shown that the fungal resistance, even of the same species, to high concentration of heavy metals varies depending on the origin of symbiont. Isolated fungi from contaminated areas are better adapted to high concentrations of xenobiotics. Ability to bind cadmium and lead to fruiting bodies of fungi varies.
Advanced photonic and electronic systems WILGA 2016
Authors: Romaniuk Ryszard S. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Young Researchers Symposium WILGA on Photonics Applications and Web Engineering has been organized since 1998, two times a year. Subject area of the Wilga Symposium are advanced photonic and electronic systems in all aspects: theoretical, design and application, hardware and software, academic, scientific, research, development, commissioning and industrial, but also educational and development of research and technical staff. Each year, during the international Spring edition, the Wilga Symposium is attended by a few hundred young researchers, graduated M.Sc. students, Ph.D. students, young doctors, young research workers from the R&D institutions, universities, innovative firms, etc. Wilga, gathering through years the organization experience, has turned out to be a perfect relevant information exchange platform between young researchers from Poland with participation of international guests, all active in the research areas of electron and photon technologies, electronics, photonics, telecommunications, automation, robotics and information technology, but also technical physics. The paper summarizes the achievements of the 38th Spring Edition of 2016 WILGA Symposium, organized in Wilga Village Resort owned by Warsaw University of technology.
The Effect of Fuel Dose Division on The Emission of Toxic Components in The Car Diesel Engine Exhaust Gas
Authors: Pietras Dariusz 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The article discusses the effect of fuel dose division in the Diesel engine on smoke opacity and composition of the emitted exhaust gas. The research activities reported in the article include experimental examination of a small Diesel engine with Common Rail type supply system. The tests were performed on the engine test bed equipped with an automatic data acquisition system which recorded all basic operating and control parameters of the engine, and smoke opacity and composition of the exhaust gas. The parameters measured during the engine tests also included the indicated pressure and the acoustic pressure. The tests were performed following the pre-established procedure in which 9 engine operation points were defined for three rotational speeds: 1500, 2500 and 3500 rpm, and three load levels: 25, 40 and 75 Nm. At each point, the measurements were performed for 7 different forms of fuel dose injection, which were: the undivided dose, the dose divided into two or three parts, and three different injection advance angles for the undivided dose and that divided into two parts. The discussion of the obtained results includes graphical presentation of contests of hydrocarbons, carbon oxide, and nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas, and its smoke opacity. The presented analyses referred to two selected cases, out of nine examined engine operation points. In these cases the fuel dose was divided into three parts and injected at the factory set control parameters. The examination has revealed a significant effect of fuel dose division on the engine efficiency, and on the smoke opacity and composition of the exhaust gas, in particular the content of nitrogen oxides. Within the range of low loads and rotational speeds, dividing the fuel dose into three parts clearly improves the overall engine efficiency and significantly decreases the concentration of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas. Moreover, it slightly decreases the contents of hydrocarbons and carbon oxide. In the experiment the contents of nitrogen oxides markedly increased with the increasing injection advance angle for the undivided dose and that divided into two parts. This, in turn, led to the decrease of the contents of hydrocarbons and carbon oxide. Fuel dose division into two and three parts leads to the increase of smoke opacity of the exhaust gas, compared to the undivided dose.
Techno-Economic Approach to Solar Energy Systems Onboard Marine Vehicles
Authors: Salem Ahmed A. , Seddiek Ibrahim Sadek 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe world is facing the challenge of continuously increasing energy consumption. At the same time, the energy resources are getting scarcer. Despite a sudden significant drop of fuel prices worldwide, research activities that focus on reducing the dependence on fossil fuels as a traditional source of energy still have the preference in the field of shipping industry. The use of clean and renewable energies, such as solar energy for instance, is proposed as a method to improve the ship efficiency. Ships can get the benefits from solar energy due to the fact that most of their upper decks are always exposed to the Sun, especially in sunny water regions. The present paper discusses the effectiveness and challenges of installing solar panels for auxiliary power production on board a ship. As a case study, the research evaluates both economic and environmental benefits resulting from implementing such concept aboard a research vessel.
Parents’ literacy skills, reading preferences, and the risk of dyslexia in Year 1 students
Authors: Łockiewicz Marta , Matuszkiewicz Martyna 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The aim of our study was to examine the familial risk of dyslexia in Year 1 school beginners, whose parents had been diagnosed as dyslexic or exhibited symptoms of the specific difficulties in reading and writing without a formal opinion issued by a counselling centre. We found that both a dyslexia report and specific reading and writing difficulties with no formal diagnosis manifested by a family member, and parents’ reading preferences, predicted the risk of dyslexia in Year 1 children. Moreover, the children at familiar risk of dyslexia, as compared with their peers at no risk, later began to babble, were less apt at self-help and liked drawing less at the age of 2-3 years, and experienced more problems with drawing a circle at the age of 3. Additionally, during Year 1 of education, they performed poorer in fine motor skills, linguistic perception and sound deletion, visual functions and attention. Such symptoms can be observed by parents and teachers during the child’s play and educational activities. Early intervention can enhance the child’s readiness to school entry, and facilitate effective and satisfactory learning, increasing their further educational opportunities and the quality of life.
The influence of activeness and independence on the quality of life of senior citizens
Authors: Bonk Edyta 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
In this study the author has focused on the impact of activeness and independence on the quality of life of seniors. Activeness is taken to mean the participation in regular everyday tasks. Functional independence is independence in everyday life. Quality of life in old age describes the level of satisfaction with life and indicators of successful ageing. The survey was conducted in October 2013 among four groups of seniors. Two variables determined the distribution of respondents: the level of activeness and the functional independence of the seniors. The study involved 99 seniors from Sopot and Gdansk.
Functional independence has a much greater impact on the quality of life of seniors than activeness in as much as independence is influenced by our state of health over which we may always have full control, whereas activeness to a large extent depends on ourselves.
When Dishonesty Leads to Trust: Moral Judgments Biased by Self-interest are Truly Believed
Authors: Bocian Konrad , Baryla Wieslaw , Wojciszke Bogdan 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Research has shown that cheating is perceived as immoral when it serves the cheater’s interests, though it can be seen as moral when it serves the interests of the perceiver. However, are such biased moral judgments real, or are they merely lip service? To answer the question of whether biased moral judgments actually inform behavior, the authors asked participants to observe a confederate who either cheated for money or did not cheat, which benefited either the confederate alone or both the confederate and the participating observer. Then, participants evaluated the confederate and, finally, played a one shot trust game with her. Cheating influenced moral judgments and decreased behavioral trust, but this only occurred when self-interest was not involved. When self-interest was involved, participants showed no significant differences in trust levels, independent of whether the confederate had cheated or not. Implications for the dual process theory in moral psychology are discussed.
Inhibition of IKKβ Reduces Ethanol Consumption in C57BL/6J Mice
Authors: Truitt Jay M. , Blednov Yuri A. , Benavidez Jillian M. , Black Mendy , Ponomareva Olga , Law Jade , Merriman Morgan , Horani Sami , Jameson Kelly , Lasek Amy W. , Harris R. Adron , Mayfield R. Dayne 
Published: October 2016

AbstractProinflammatory pathways in neuronal and non-neuronal cells are implicated in the acute and chronic effects of alcohol exposure in animal models and humans. The nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) family of DNA transcription factors plays important roles in inflammatory diseases. The kinase IKKβ mediates the phosphorylation and subsequent proteasomal degradation of cytosolic protein inhibitors of NF-κB, leading to activation of NF-κB. The role of IKKβ as a potential regulator of excessive alcohol drinking had not previously been investigated. Based on previous findings that the overactivation of innate immune/inflammatory signaling promotes ethanol consumption, we hypothesized that inhibiting IKKβ would limit/decrease drinking by preventing the activation of NF-κB. We studied the systemic effects of two pharmacological inhibitors of IKKβ, TPCA-1 and sulfasalazine, on ethanol intake using continuous- and limited-access, two-bottle choice drinking tests in C57BL/6J mice. In both tests, TPCA-1 and sulfasalazine reduced ethanol intake and preference without changing total fluid intake or sweet taste preference. A virus expressingCrerecombinase was injected into the nucleus accumbens and central amygdala to selectively knock down IKKβ in mice genetically engineered with a conditionalIkkbdeletion (IkkbF/F). Although IKKβ was inhibited to some extent in astrocytes and microglia, neurons were a primary cellular target. Deletion of IKKβ in either brain region reduced ethanol intake and preference in the continuous access two-bottle choice test without altering the preference for sucrose. Pharmacological and genetic inhibition of IKKβ decreased voluntary ethanol consumption, providing initial support for IKKβ as a potential therapeutic target for alcohol abuse.
Reciclo-óleo: do óleo de cozinha ao sabão ecológico, um projeto de educação ambiental
Authors: Morgan Martins Maria Isabel , Mesdes Fábio Renê Klagenberg , Soster Caroline , Fraga Eliane , Santos Ana Maria Pujol Vieira dos , Schoreder Nadia Teresinha 
Published: October 2016

O consumo de óleo faz parte do dia-a-dia das famílias, restaurantes, indústrias e com ele o descarte incorreto do óleo de cozinha usado (OCU) se torna um grave problema ambiental. Quando despejado no lixo comum impermeabiliza e contamina o solo, porque a decomposição aumenta o efeito estufa, na rede de esgoto compromete as tubulações das residências e das cidades e ao atingir os rios forma uma película na água que impede a passagem de luz e oxigênio a flora e a fauna aquática. Objetivo: é promover a educação ambiental para o descarte correto e a reciclagem do óleo de cozinha usado, transformando-o em sabão em barra ecológico, gerando renda e sustentabilidade. Método/ atividades de extensão: o projeto apresenta duas linhas bem definidas à educação ambiental e o desenvolvimento de receitas que transformam do OCU em sabão em barra ecológico. O projeto educa para a consciência e responsabilidade ambiental a diferentes grupos da comunidade, ensina e orienta a importância de dar o destino correto ao OCU, bem como, a reciclagem com sustentabilidade, criando alternativa de geração de renda. Desde 2010, as oficinas foram realizadas em
diferentes bairros, escolas e empresas dos municípios da grande Porto Alegre, RS. As receitas foram desenvolvidas no laboratório do campus da ULBRA Gravataí, e apresentam baixo custo, para a fabricação “caseira” do sabão ecológico. O primeiro processo é educar com consciência ambiental. Considerações finais: o reciclo-óleo contribui para o combate à poluição e manutenção dos recursos naturais. Portanto, com ações de educação em saúde é possível refletir positivamente na preservação do meio ambiente, contribuindo, dessa forma, para o desenvolvimento sustentável e para a promoção da saúde das cidades.
Riscos ocupacionais autorreferidos por trabalhadores de uma indústria de produção de fertilizantes – RS – Brasil
Authors: Rosa Liane Silveira da , Pereira Leticia Machado , Cardoso Leticia Silveira , Cezar-Vaz Marta Regina , Costa Valdecir Zavarese da 
Published: October 2016

Objetivo: descrever a exposição a riscos ocupacionais autorreferida por trabalhadores de uma indústria de fertilizantes sólido e líquido no Extremo Sul do Rio Grande do Sul – Brasil. Método: estudo descritivo, realizado com 78 trabalhadores, dos quais 49 atuavam no setor de produção e 29 no de movimentação e ensaque. Produziu-se uma análise quantitativa, aplicando-se a estatística descritiva para apresentar as características dos trabalhadores e a exposição aos riscos ocupacionais autorreferida por categoria profissional. Resultados: pôde-se identificar que ambas as categorias profissionais apresentam características sociodemográficas predominantes. Os riscos de natureza física, química, biológica foram identificados pelos 78 trabalhadores. Havendo uma maior referência de exposição aos riscos físicos e químicos. Considerações finais: o estudo contribui para fortificar a relevância da análise dos ambientes de trabalho e dos impactos em relação à saúde do trabalhador.	E permite ressaltar a importância da elaboração constante de programas de promoção da saúde e prevenção de riscos e agravos nos ambientes de trabalho.
Proteolytic Mediators in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Gingivitis
Authors: Akcalı Aliye , Gümüş Pınar , Özçaka Özgün , Öztürk‐Ceyhan Banu , Tervahartiala Taina , Husu Heidi , Heikkinen Anna Maria , Sorsa Timo , Buduneli Nurcan 
Published: October 2016

Background: This study evaluates levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐8, MMP‐9, and tissue inhibitor of MP‐1 (TIMP‐1) in biofluids of women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and systemically healthy counterparts with different statuses of periodontal health.Methods: Seventy‐one women with GDM and gingivitis (Gg), 30 women with GDM and healthy periodontium (Gh), 28 systemically and periodontally healthy women (Hh), and 37 systemically healthy women with gingivitis (Hg) were evaluated. MMP‐8, MMP‐9, and TIMP‐1 levels were determined in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), saliva, and serum by immunofluorometric and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. Full‐mouth clinical periodontal parameters were recorded.Results: GCF and serum MMP‐8 concentrations, serum MMP‐9 concentrations, and serum MMP‐8/MMP‐1 and MMP‐9/MMP‐1 molar ratios were significantly higher in Gg compared with Hg group (P <0.05). Serum MMP‐8 levels and salivary TIMP‐1 levels were higher in Gh compared with Hg group (P <0.05) whereas salivary MMP‐8/TIMP‐1 molar ratio was lower in Gh compared with Hg group (P <0.05). Elevated concentrations of GCF MMP‐8 and MMP‐9 were found in Gg compared with Gh group (P <0.05). Significant correlations were found between local levels of biomarkers and clinical periodontal parameters in only GDM group.Conclusion: GDM may modulate both local and circulating levels of MMP‐8 especially when associated with gingivitis.
Steam-Assisted Gravity-Drainage Performance With Temperature-Dependent Properties—A Semianalytical Approach
Authors: Heidari M.. , Hejazi S. H. , Farouq Ali S. M. 
Published: October 2016

Summary
Steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) is one of the successful in-situ thermal-recovery methods for oil-sands production. In this paper, we provide a simple semianalytical model that can accurately analyze an SAGD project with variable properties. In particular, we investigate the effect of temperature-dependent properties such as thermal conductivity, heat capacity, and rock density on SAGD performance. The proposed model sequentially solves the transient nonlinear heat-transfer equation coupled with the continuity equation with Kirchhoff's transformation and the heat integral method (HIM). A criterion for timestep selection is defined on the basis of the Courant and Péclet numbers to guarantee the stability of the sequential technique. The results illustrate that the temperature-dependent physical properties affect temperature distributions ahead of steam chamber which consequently have a significant impact on the cumulative oil production and oil-production rate. Moreover, the results show that the temperature profile ahead of the steam chamber changes with time and space, and a 2D transient assumption for SAGD modeling is necessary. The semianalytical model runs in a small fraction of numerical-simulator runtime, yet it provides reasonable results. Thus, it has the potential to be used as a tool for quick SAGD evaluations.