bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
4.5 YEARS OF MULTI-WAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS OF MRK 421 DURING THE ARGO-YBJ AND FERMI COMMON OPERATION TIME
Authors: Bartoli B. , Bernardini P. , Bi X. J. , Cao Z. , Catalanotti S. , Chen S. Z. , Chen T. L. , Cui S. W. , Dai B. Z. , D’Amone A. , Danzengluobu  , Mitri I. De , Piazzoli B. D’Ettorre , Girolamo T. Di , Sciascio G. Di , Feng C. F. , Feng Zhaoyang , Feng Zhenyong , Gou Q. B. , Guo Y. Q. , He H. H. , Hu Haibing , Hu Hongbo , Iacovacci M. , Iuppa R. , Jia H. Y. , Labaciren  , Li H. J. , Liu C. , Liu J. , Liu M. Y. , Lu H. , Ma L. L. , Ma X. H. , Mancarella G. , Mari S. M. , Marsella G. , Mastroianni S. , Montini P. , Ning C. C. , Perrone L. , Pistilli P. , Salvini P. , Santonico R. , Shen P. R. , Sheng X. D. , Shi F. , Surdo A. , Tan Y. H. , Vallania P. , Vernetto S. , Vigorito C. , Wang H. , Wu C. Y. , Wu H. R. , Xue L. , Yang Q. Y. , Yang X. C. , Yao Z. G. , Yuan A. F. , Zha M. , Zhang H. M. , Zhang L. , Zhang X. Y. , Zhang Y. , Zhao J. , Zhaxiciren  , Zhaxisangzhu  , Zhou X. X. , Zhu F. R. , Zhu Q. Q. ,   (The ARGO-YBJ Collaboration)
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
We report on the extensive multi-wavelength observations of the blazar Markarian 421 (Mrk 421) covering radio to γ-rays, during the 4.5 year period of ARGO-YBJ and Fermi common operation time, from 2008 August to 2013 February. These long-term observations, extending over an energy range of 18 orders of magnitude, provide a unique chance to study the variable emission of Mrk 421. In particular, due to the ARGO-YBJ and Fermi data, the entire energy range from 100 MeV to 10 TeV is covered without any gap. In the observation period, Mrk 421 showed both low- and high-activity states at all wavebands. The correlations among flux variations in different wavebands were analyzed. The X-ray flux is clearly correlated with the TeV γ-ray flux, while the GeV γ-rays only show a partial correlation with the TeV γ-rays. Radio and UV fluxes seem to be weakly or not correlated with the X-ray and γ-ray fluxes. Seven large flares, including five X-ray flares and two GeV γ-ray flares with variable durations (3–58 days), and one X-ray outburst phase were identified and used to investigate the variation of the spectral energy distribution with respect to a relative quiescent phase. During the outburst phase and the seven flaring episodes, the peak energy in X-rays is observed to increase from sub-keV to a few keV. The TeV γ-ray flux increases up to 0.9–7.2 times the flux of the Crab Nebula. The behavior of GeV γ-rays is found to vary depending on the flare, a feature that leads us to classify flares into three groups according to the GeV flux variation. Finally, the one-zone synchrotron self-Compton model was adopted to describe the emission spectra. Two out of three groups can be satisfactorily described using injected electrons with a power-law spectral index around 2.2, as expected from relativistic diffuse shock acceleration, whereas the remaining group requires a harder injected spectrum. The underlying physical mechanisms responsible for different groups may be related to the acceleration process or to the environment properties.
PLANCK COLD CLUMPS IN THE λ ORIONIS COMPLEX. I. DISCOVERY OF AN EXTREMELY YOUNG CLASS 0 PROTOSTELLAR OBJECT AND A PROTO-BROWN DWARF CANDIDATE IN THE BRIGHT-RIMMED CLUMP PGCC G192.32–11.88
Authors: Liu Tie , Zhang Qizhou , Kim Kee-Tae , Wu Yuefang , Lee Chang Won , Lee Jeong-Eun , Tatematsu Ken’ichi , Choi Minho , Juvela Mika , Thompson Mark , Goldsmith Paul F. , Liu Sheng-yuan , Naomi Hirano , Koch Patrick , Henkel Christian , Sanhueza Patricio , He JinHua , Rivera-Ingraham Alana , Wang Ke , Cunningham Maria R. , Tang Ya-Wen , Lai Shih-Ping , Yuan Jinghua , Li Di , Fuller Gary , Kang Miju , Luong Quang Nguyen , Liu Hauyu Baobab , Ristorcelli Isabelle , Yang Ji , Xu Ye , Hirota Tomoya , Mardones Diego , Qin Sheng-Li , Chen Huei-Ru , Kwon Woojin , Meng FanYi , Zhang Huawei , Kim Mi-Ryang , Yi Hee-Weon 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
We are performing a series of observations with ground-based telescopes toward Planck Galactic cold clumps (PGCCs) in the λ Orionis complex in order to systematically investigate the effects of stellar feedback. In the particular case of PGCC G192.32–11.88, we discovered an extremely young Class 0 protostellar object (G192N) and a proto-brown dwarf candidate (G192S). G192N and G192S are located in a gravitationally bound bright-rimmed clump. The velocity and temperature gradients seen in line emission of CO isotopologues indicate that PGCC G192.32–11.88 is externally heated and compressed. G192N probably has the lowest bolometric luminosity (∼0.8

) and accretion rate (6.3 × 10−7

yr−1) when compared with other young Class 0 sources (e.g., PACS Bright Red Sources) in the Orion complex. It has slightly larger internal luminosity (0.21 ± 0.01

) and outflow velocity (∼14 km s−1) than the predictions of first hydrostatic cores (FHSCs). G192N might be among the youngest Class 0 sources, which are slightly more evolved than an FHSC. Considering its low internal luminosity (0.08 ± 0.01

) and accretion rate (2.8 × 10−8

yr−1), G192S is an ideal proto-brown dwarf candidate. The star formation efficiency (∼0.3%–0.4%) and core formation efficiency (∼1%) in PGCC G192.32–11.88 are significantly smaller than in other giant molecular clouds or filaments, indicating that the star formation therein is greatly suppressed owing to stellar feedback.
MESA ISOCHRONES AND STELLAR TRACKS (MIST) 0: METHODS FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF STELLAR ISOCHRONES
Authors: Dotter Aaron 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
I describe a method to transform a set of stellar evolution tracks onto a uniform basis and then interpolate within that basis to construct stellar isochrones. This method accommodates a broad range of stellar types, from substellar objects to high-mass stars, and phases of evolution, from the pre-main sequence to the white dwarf cooling sequence. I discuss situations in which stellar physics leads to departures from the otherwise monotonic relation between initial stellar mass and lifetime, and how these may be dealt with in isochrone construction. I close with convergence tests and recommendations for the number of points in the uniform basis and the mass between tracks in the original grid required to achieve a certain level accuracy in the resulting isochrones. The programs that implement these methods are free and open-source; they may be obtained from the project webpage.1
Leibniz et le virtuel
Authors: Parmentier Marc 
Published: January 2016

Compte tenu de l’attention accordée par certains lecteurs et commentateurs à la notion de virtualité dans la philosophie leibnizienne, l’objectif de l’article est de repérer les occurrences du terme « virtuel » dans les textes de Leibniz, tant dans des contextes philosophiques que scientifiques (logique, mathématique et physique). Cette recension fait apparaître que les occurrences du terme sont limitées et ne s’éloignent guère de ses emplois chez les auteurs scolastiques. La virtualité doit donc être plutôt rattachée à la liste des concepts réhabilités par Leibniz qu’interprétée comme une anticipation de sa signification dans la culture contemporaine.
Le défi de la foi : la raison étrangère à elle-même ?
Authors: Monjo Roger 
Published: January 2016

Résumé	En faisant appel à la notion de société post-séculière pour mettre en perspective historique le moment contemporain marqué par un retour du religieux , Habermas fait-il, au fond, le constat d’un échec, au moins provisoire, du processus de la sécularisation qui a affecté les sociétés occidentales depuis le début des Temps Modernes ? Ou bien, ne signale-t-il pas plutôt une sorte d’approfondissement de ce mouvement par le franchissement du cap de la réflexion , marqué par une réorganisation des rapports entre foi et raison ? Mais, dans ce cas, qu’en est-il alors, aujourd’hui, de la portée et de la légitimité du principe de laïcité dont on avait pu faire un point d’aboutissement de cette histoire de la modernité ?
Vivre en étranger dans le monde ?
Authors: Dubreucq Éric 
Published: January 2016

Résumé Une mise en perspective archéologique des figures de l’étranger qui, au cours des siècles, se sont accumulées dans notre culture permet de détecter trois grandes strates. Les deux premières, présentes dans la controverse opposant Plotin aux gnostiques, opposent à la valorisation d’une figure de l’étranger refusant le monde et cherchant son salut dans une communauté séparée celle d’un homme habitant un monde organisé par l’aspiration de son existence sensible à une communauté idéale et universelle, fondant ici bas son existence pleine et entière. À cette problématisation ancienne vient s’ajouter, à l’entrée des temps modernes, la figure pascalienne de l’égarement, c’est-à-dire de l’intériorisation de l’« estrangement » de la nature humaine comme condition de la fondation et de l’organisation de sa présence dans le monde. Dans ce nouveau rapport à soi, l’opposition archaïque de la communauté séparée et de la communauté universelle cède le pas à la prise en charge d’une étrangeté constitutive des individus peuplant un monde commun.
Implementation of 2D Domain Decomposition in the UCAN Gyrokinetic Particle-in-Cell Code and Resulting Performance of UCAN2
Authors: Leboeuf Jean-Noel G. , Decyk Viktor K. , Newman David E. , Sanchez Raul 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe massively parallel, nonlinear, three-dimensional (3D), toroidal, electrostatic, gyrokinetic, particle-in-cell (PIC), Cartesian geometry UCAN code, with particle ions and adiabatic electrons, has been successfully exercised to identify non-diffusive transport characteristics in present day tokamak discharges. The limitation in applying UCAN to larger scale discharges is the 1D domain decomposition in the toroidal (or z-) direction for massively parallel implementation using MPI which has restricted the calculations to a few hundred ion Larmor radii or gyroradii per plasma minor radius. To exceed these sizes, we have implemented 2D domain decomposition in UCAN with the addition of the y-direction to the processor mix. This has been facilitated by use of relevant components in the P2LIB library of field and particle management routines developed for UCLA's UPIC Framework of conventional PIC codes. The gyro-averaging specific to gyrokinetic codes is simplified by the use of replicated arrays for efficient charge accumulation and force deposition. The 2D domain-decomposed UCAN2 code reproduces the original 1D domain nonlinear results within round-off. Benchmarks of UCAN2 on the Cray XC30 Edison at NERSC demonstrate ideal scaling when problem size is increased along with processor number up to the largest power of 2 available, namely 131,072 processors. These particle weak scaling benchmarks also indicate that the 1 nanosecond per particle per time step and 1 TFlops barriers are easily broken by UCAN2 with 1 billion particles or more and 2000 or more processors.
Towards Translational Invariance of Total Energy with Finite Element Methods for Kohn-Sham Equation
Authors: Bao Gang , Hu Guanghui , Liu Di 
Published: January 2016

AbstractNumerical oscillation of the total energy can be observed when the Kohn- Sham equation is solved by real-space methods to simulate the translational move of an electronic system. Effectively remove or reduce the unphysical oscillation is crucial not only for the optimization of the geometry of the electronic structure, but also for the study of molecular dynamics. In this paper, we study such unphysical oscillation based on the numerical framework in [G. Bao, G. H. Hu, and D. Liu, An h-adaptive finite element solver for the calculations of the electronic structures, Journal of Computational Physics, Volume 231, Issue 14, Pages 4967–4979, 2012], and deliver some numerical methods to constrain such unphysical effect for both pseudopotential and all-electron calculations, including a stabilized cubature strategy for Hamiltonian operator, and an a posteriori error estimator of the finite element methods for Kohn-Sham equation. The numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of our method on restraining unphysical oscillation of the total energies.
A Fast Solver for anH1Regularized PDE-Constrained Optimization Problem
Authors: Barker Andrew T. , Rees Tyrone , Stoll Martin 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn this paper we consider PDE-constrained optimization problems which incorporate anH1regularization control term. We focus on a time-dependent PDE, and consider both distributed and boundary control. The problems we consider include bound constraints on the state, and we use a Moreau-Yosida penalty function to handle this. We propose Krylov solvers and Schur complement preconditioning strategies for the different problems and illustrate their performance with numerical examples.
I thought you’d never become one of us
Authors: Bisley Charles 
Published: January 2016

In this paper, I describe a collaborative process in which a class of grade 6&7 students made and performed two plays, and also transformed their learning. In this process, a reconfiguring of the spaces of learning, the students and I adapted a variety of literacy and drama practices; a key change in practice was the shift away from an instrumental mode of dialogue in which the teacher occupies the superior position of knower and evaluator, towards a Bakhtinian mode in which dialogue, as heteroglossic, moves between all the participants, and becomes the main purpose of learning. In a dynamic combination of linguistic, theatrical, and relational meaning making, the students moved clear of the outcomes-based learning that had hitherto stultified their interactions and language. As a result, they developed a new creative agency, both singly and as a collective, and an authoritative discourse. They left this discourse open for me to join, and also continue afterwards, as I have done here, by presenting and interpreting their voices, and including new ones.[1][1] EDITORIAL NOTE: Charles Bisley’s article is an unusual and brave attempt to transcend the current norms of scholarly and academic genres and create a polyphonic article in which he describes a year long educational event through the voices of all of its participants – among which he counts not only his students and himself, and their audience of parents and the school authorities, but also includes educational, literary and philosophical authors who inspired him and whose thoughts guided him in his actions and reflections during and after his project in creating dramatic spaces and times with his students. His writing has elements of reflective auto-ethnography, Woolfian lyrical stream of consciousness, dialogic double-voicedness and a storytelling narrative that is intended to transport the reader into an experience of the dramatic enfolding of the events and their protagonists, actors and directors: his students and himself. Although, his work doesn’t follow what is currently assumed to be the scientific criteria regarding form, length or standard components, we find it interesting and valuable as a polyphonic approach and qualitative study.
Leadership Styles of Principals and Teachers of Nigerian Unity Schools: Using School Environment as a Tool For School Achievement
Authors: Uthman Khalil Yusuf , Bn Don Yahya , Latif Kasim Abd 
Published: January 2016

Collaborative, non-traditional leadership practices have attracted little attention in research about sustainable school achievement in Nigerian unity schools. The involvement of teachers in the administration of schools is well justified and arise from the need to boost school environment for the sake of attaining school achievement. The absence of teachers in the administration of unity schools impedes the proper attainment of school achievement. The purpose of this research is to reports on the outcomes of transformational leadership efforts in Nigerian unity schools aimed at enhancing the use of teachers in the administrative set-up. This study was carried out in seven selected unity schools all located in the north-eastern part of Nigeria. The study used Multifactor questionnaire 5x, School level environment questionnaire (SLEQ) and School Improvement questionnaire (SIQ) with 5 Likert-scale that involved the use of 800 questionnaires which were sent in which 790 were returned and 760 found valid for data analysis. Participants were drawn from a wide range of disciplines across the sampled schools. The establishment and operation of these school relied on a transformational leadership methodology by principals that facilitates acts of initiative, innovation, vision and courage through group interaction rather than through designated hierarchical roles. This research used the quantitative approach. The study found out that transformational leadership approach is effective in overcoming problems associated with lack of involvement of teachers in the building of a fruitful environment capable of bringing a good school achievement through cultivating the habit of a transformational leader, the principals of unity schools enabled teachers and other stake holders to engage in peer-led professional learning, collaborative curriculum and pedagogical development, and to facilitate wider institutional change (school achievement). This paper demonstrates that the transformational leadership model for a high school achievement reported here is effective in building capacity for both teachers and students via involvement of teachers in building the environment. The model is flexible enough for a variety of institutional settings, and hence, recommends the use of teachers in secondary school’s administration.
Factors Associated with Excessive Gestational Weight Gain: Review of Current Literature
Authors: Samura Tirah , Steer Jonathan , Michelis L. Daniela , Carroll Lisa , Holland Erica , Perkins Rebecca 
Published: January 2016

Background Excessive gestational weight gain (EGWG) places women at increased risk for complications during pregnancy and also increases the likelihood that they will remain overweight after pregnancy. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) has recommended weight gain guidelines based on pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), but evidence-based strategies to achieve these goals are limited. Objective This review discusses factors associated with EGWG with the goal of identifying targets for future intervention. Methods A search was performed using the PubMed database to identify all English-language papers published between 1995 and 2014 related to excessive weight gain in pregnancy. Papers were grouped by theme: preconception BMI, sociodemographics, diet and exercise, psychosocial characteristics, and type of prenatal care. Results Studies found that women who were overweight or obese at the time of conception were at higher risk of EGWG and that increased physical activity protected against EGWG. Studies on diet and sociodemographic characteristics were inconclusive. Psychological factors, specifically accurate perceptions of BMI, also appear to play a role in EGWG. Limited studies on methods of prenatal care delivery did not show improvement of weight parameters with group compared to one-on-one visits. Conclusion Pre-pregnancy BMI is most strongly associated with EGWG, indicating that healthy weight habits throughout adult life may be especially important in periods of expected weight change, such as pregnancy. To decrease EGWG, providers should focus on improving pre-conception BMI through appropriate counseling on healthy eating and increased physical activity as well as encouraging pregnant women to continue moderate exercise during pregnancy when appropriate.
Governance in educational institutions in Portugal
Authors: García Redondo Eva 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The present study addresses the governance processes governing the organization and management of educational institutions in Portugal, in a context of analysis in which the educational reforms carried out in this country, from the early nineteenth century (when school responsibility is assumed exclusively by the State) to the present, play what we estimate a central role. It is in response to this reality, on the basis of which we study their meaning and state. Evaluation, privatization and autonomy are the vectors which, we believe, provide the frame for a market speech in which we intend to emphasize, considering, on the one hand, that the management of education is conditioned by political developments and interests, of one kind or another, and, on the other hand, that the evolution of governance in its various institutions, although in progress, is gradually adapting to the standards set down at European level in varying degrees of intensity.
On the latitudinal changes in ionospheric electrodynamics and composition based on observations over the 76–77°E meridian from both hemispheres during a geomagnetic storm
Authors: Shreedevi P. R. , Thampi Smitha V. , Chakrabarty D. , Choudhary R. K. , Pant Tarun Kumar , Bhardwaj Anil , Mukherjee S. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe relative contributions of the composition disturbances and the disturbance electric fields in the redistribution of ionospheric plasma is investigated in detail by taking the case of a long‐duration positive ionospheric storm that occurred during 18–21 February 2014. GPS total electron content (TEC) data from the Indian Antarctic station, Bharti (69.4°S, 76.2°E geographic), the northern midlatitude station Hanle (32.8°N, 78.9°E geographic), northern low‐latitude station lying in the vicinity of the anomaly crest, Ahmedabad (23.04°N, 72.54°E geographic, dip latitude 17°N), and the geomagnetic equatorial station, Trivandrum (8.5°N, 77°E geographic, dip latitude 0.01°S) are used in the study. These are the first simultaneous observations of TEC from Bharti and Hanle during a geomagnetic storm. The impact of the intense geomagnetic storm (Dst∼−130 nT) on the southern hemisphere high‐latitude station was a drastic reduction in the TEC (negative ionospheric storm) starting from around 0330 Indian standard time (IST) on 19 February which continued till 21 February, the maximum reduction in TEC at Bharti being ∼35 TEC units on 19 February. In the northern hemisphere midlatitude and equatorial stations, a positive ionospheric storm started on 19 February at around 0900 IST and lasted for 3 days. The maximum enhancement in TEC at Hanle was about ∼25 TECU on 19 February while over Trivandrum it was ∼10 TECU. This long‐duration positive ionospheric storm provided an opportunity to assess the relative contributions of disturbance electric fields and composition changes latitudinally. The results indicate that the negative ionospheric storm over Bharti and the positive ionospheric storm over Hanle are the effect of the changes in the global wind system and the storm‐induced composition changes. At the equatorial latitudes, the positive ionospheric storm was due to the interplay of prompt penetration electric field and disturbance dynamo electric field.