bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The anomalous change in the QBO in 2015–2016
Authors: Newman P. A. , Coy L. , Pawson S. , Lait L. R. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO) is a tropical lower stratospheric, downward propagating zonal wind variation, with an average period of ~28 months. The QBO has been constantly documented since 1953. Here we describe the evolution of the QBO during the Northern Hemisphere winter of 2015–2016 using radiosonde observations and meteorological reanalyses. Normally, the QBO would show a steady downward propagation of the westerly phase. In 2015–2016, there was an anomalous upward displacement of this westerly phase from ~30 hPa to 15 hPa. These westerlies impinge on or “cutoff” the normal downward propagation of the easterly phase. In addition, easterly winds develop at 40 hPa. Comparisons to tropical wind statistics for the 1953 to present record demonstrate that this 2015–2016 QBO disruption is unprecedented.
Circumventing rain‐related errors in scatterometer wind observations
Authors: Kilpatrick Thomas J. , Xie Shang‐Ping 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSatellite scatterometer observations of surface winds over the global oceans are critical for climate research and applications like weather forecasting. However, rain‐related errors remain an important limitation, largely precluding satellite study of winds in rainy areas. Here we utilize a novel technique to compute divergence and curl from satellite observations of surface winds and surface wind stress in rainy areas. This technique circumvents rain‐related errors by computing line integrals around rainy patches, using valid wind vector observations that border the rainy patches. The area‐averaged divergence and wind stress curl inside each rainy patch are recovered via the divergence and curl theorems. We process the 10 year Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT) data set and show that the line‐integral method brings the QuikSCAT winds into better agreement with an atmospheric reanalysis, largely removing both the “divergence bias” and “anticyclonic curl bias” in rainy areas noted in previous studies. The corrected QuikSCAT wind stress curl reduces the North Pacific midlatitude Sverdrup transport by 20–30%. We test several methods of computing divergence and curl on winds from an atmospheric model simulation and show that the line‐integral method has the smallest errors. We anticipate that scatterometer winds processed with the line‐integral method will improve ocean model simulations and help illuminate the coupling between atmospheric convection and circulation.
Sediment dynamics in paired High Arctic lakes revealed from high‐resolution swath bathymetry and acoustic stratigraphy surveys
Authors: Normandeau A. , Lamoureux S. F. , Lajeunesse P. , Francus P. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractHigh Arctic lakes are commonly used for paleoclimatic reconstructions because they are particularly sensitive to climate variability. However, the processes leading to sediment deposition and distribution in these lakes are often poorly understood. Here for the first time in the Canadian High Arctic, we present original data resulting from swath bathymetry and subbottom surveys carried out on two lakes at Cape Bounty, Melville Island. The results reveal the dynamic nature of the lakes, in which mass movement deposits and bedforms on the deltas reflect frequent slope instabilities and hyperpycnal flow activity. The analysis of the mass movement deposits reveals that small blocky debris flows/avalanches, debris flows, and a slide occurred during the Holocene. These mass movements are believed to have been triggered by earthquakes and potentially by permafrost thawing along the shoreline. Altogether, these mass movement deposits cover more than 30% of the lake floors. Additionally, the river deltas on both lakes were mapped and reveal the presence of several gullies and bedforms. The presence of gullies along the delta front indicates that hyperpycnal flows generated at the river mouth can transport sediment in different trajectories downslope, resulting in a different sediment accumulation pattern and record. The dynamic nature of these two lakes suggests that further analysis on sediment transport and distribution within Arctic lakes is required in order to improve paleoclimatic reconstructions.
The role of ice stream dynamics in deglaciation
Authors: Robel Alexander A. , Tziperman Eli 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSince the mid‐Pleistocene transition, deglaciation has occurred only after ice sheets have grown large while experiencing several precession and obliquity cycles, indicating that large ice sheets are more sensitive to Milankovitch forcing than small ice sheets are. Observations and model simulations suggest that the development of ice streams in the Laurentide Ice Sheet played an as yet unknown role in deglaciations. In this study, we propose a mechanism by which ice streams may enhance deglaciation and render large ice sheets more sensitive to Milankovitch forcing. We use an idealized configuration of the Parallel Ice Sheet Model that permits the formation of ice streams. When the ice sheet is large and ice streams are sufficiently developed, an upward shift in equilibrium line altitude, commensurate with Milankovitch forcing, results in rapid deglaciation, while the same shift applied to an ice sheet without fully formed ice streams results in continued ice sheet growth or slower deglaciation. Rapid deglaciation in ice sheets with significant streaming behavior is caused by ice stream acceleration and the attendant enhancement of calving and surface melting at low elevations. Ice stream acceleration is ultimately the result of steepening of the ice surface and increased driving stresses in ice stream onset zones, which come about due to the dependence of surface mass balance on elevation. These ice sheet simulations match the broad features of geomorphological observations and add ice stream dynamics that are missing from previous model studies of deglaciation.
Validity of body adiposity index in predicting body fat in Brazilians adults
Authors: Segheto Wellington , Coelho France Araújo , Cristina Guimarães da Silva Danielle , Hallal Pedro Curi , Marins João Carlos Bouzas , Ribeiro Andreia Queiroz , Pessoa Milene Cristine , Morais Sílvia Helena O. , Longo Giana Zarbato 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to compare various methods of assessing body compositions with body adiposity index (BAI) and to identify the validity of BAI as a predictor of body fat in Brazilian adults.MethodsThis study included 706 individuals (average age 37.3 years, SD = 12.1). Anthropometric data included percent body fat obtained by skinfold thicknesses, bioelectrical impedance analysis and DXA. Body mass index (BMI), waist/hip ratio, and BAI were calculated. The correlation between variables was assessed by Pearson's correlation coefficient, and the Bland–Altman and Kaplan Meier graphic approaches were used to verify the agreement between BAI and DXA.ResultsThere was a strong correlation between BAI and BMI (r = 0.84 in men and r = 0.86 in women, P < .001), waist circumference (r = 0.77 in men and r = 0.75 in women, P < .001) percent fat by skinfold thicknesses (r = 0.71 in men and r = 0.71 in women, P < .001) and by DXA (r = 0.72 in men and r = 0.78 in women, P < .001). The Bland–Altman approach showed an overestimation of BAI in males and an underestimation in women using DXA as the reference method. The agreement between BAI and DXA through the Kaplan‐Meier analysis was 41%.ConclusionsIt was found that BAI does not replace other measurements of body fat, but compared with more complex methods can be an alternative for estimating the body fat in the absence of these methods.
Benzodithiophene‐Based Polymers Containing Alkylthiophenyl Side Chains with Lowered HOMO Energy Levels for Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Fan Meijie , Du Zhengkun , Chen Weiye , Liu Deyu , Wen Shuguang , Sun Mingliang , Yang Renqiang 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn this paper, a novel donor based on alkylthiophenyl side‐chained benzodithiophene (BDT) (M1) was first designed and synthesized to construct a series of conjugated polymers (P1, P2, P3) used in polymer solar cells (PSCs). P1, P2, and P3 were prepared by copolymerizing M1 with 4,7‐di(4‐(2‐ethylhexyl)‐2‐thienyl)‐2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole (DTBT), quinoxaline, and diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP), respectively. The optical electrochemical and photovoltaic properties of these polymers were investigated. Alkylthiophenyl substitution on the BDT building block is favorable for the low‐lying highest occupied orbital (HOMO) level of polymers. The HOMO of these copolymers is clearly lowered to −5.49 eV, −5.34 eV, and −5.50 eV, respectively. Compared with reference polymers, our polymers show lowered HOMO energy levels (by 0.14 eV at least). This is very helpful to enhance the open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of the devices. Further, P2:PC61BM exhibited an optimized power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4.28 %, which is clearly higher than that of P1 (1.48 %) and P3 (1.9 %).
Palladium‐Catalyzed Diverse mono‐Acyloxylation of 5‐Alkyl‐4‐aryl‐thiazole‐2‐carboxylates
Authors: Yu Kun‐Kun , Guo Ying , Hu Ya‐Hua , Xu Zhi , Liu Hong‐Wei , Liao Dao‐Hua , Ji Ya‐Fei 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe palladium‐catalyzed oxidative acyloxylation of 5‐alkyl‐4‐aryl‐thiazole‐2‐carboxylates via a direct ortho‐Csp2−H bond activation has been described with a newly reported radical mechanism. Based on the late‐stage functionalization of the highly substituted thiazoles, the reaction delivered multifarious valuable acyloxylated products with moderate‐to‐excellent yields. The transformation affords highly functionalized substrates, has broad scope of carboxylic acid coupling partners, excellent site‐selectivity, rapid reaction rates, simple operation and mild conditions. The diverse acyloxylation reaction allows rapid access to a plethora of mono‐acyloxylated products from the functionalized thiazoles.
Catalyst‐Free Synthesis of 3‐Aryl‐3‐hydroxy‐2‐oxindole Derivatives by Using Water as the Solvent: Experimental and DFT Studies
Authors: Kumar Naveen , Kaur Jasneet , Kumar Akshay , Islam Nasarul , Chimni Swapandeep Singh 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA highly efficient catalyst‐free Friedel–Crafts reaction of isatin with phenol by using water as the solvent provided 3‐hydroxy‐2‐oxindole derivatives in excellent yields. DFT studies on various model systems suggested that the catalytic role of water involved activation of the reactant through hydrogen‐bonding interactions.
J(Si,H) Coupling Constants in Nonclassical Transition‐Metal Silane Complexes
Authors: Scherer Wolfgang , Meixner Petra , Batke Kilian , Barquera‐Lozada José E. , Ruhland Klaus , Fischer Andreas , Eickerling Georg , Eichele Klaus 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe will outline that the sign and magnitude of J(Si,H) coupling constants provide a highly sensitive tool to measure the extent of Si−H bond activation in nonclassical silane complexes. Up to now, this structure–property relationship was obscured by erroneous J(Si,H) sign determinations in the literature. These new findings also help to identify the salient control parameters of the Si−H bond activation process in nonclassical silane complexes.
Elucidating the Stereochemistry of Enzymatic Benzylsuccinate Synthesis with Chirally Labeled Toluene
Authors: Seyhan Deniz , Friedrich Peter , Szaleniec Maciej , Hilberg Markus , Buckel Wolfgang , Golding Bernard T. , Heider Johann 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBenzylsuccinate synthase is a glycyl radical enzyme that initiates anaerobic toluene metabolism by adding fumarate to the methyl group of toluene to yield (R)‐benzylsuccinate. To investigate whether the reaction occurs with retention or inversion of configuration at the methyl group of toluene, we synthesized both enantiomers of chiral toluene with all three H isotopes in their methyl groups. The chiral toluenes were converted into benzylsuccinates preferentially containing 2H and 3H at their benzylic C atoms, owing to a kinetic isotope effect favoring hydrogen abstraction from the methyl groups. The configuration of the products was analyzed by enzymatic CoA‐thioester synthesis and stereospecific oxidation using enzymes involved in benzylsuccinate degradation. Assessment of the configurations of the benzylsuccinate isomers based on loss or retention of tritium showed that inversion of configuration at the methyl group occurs when the chiral toluenes react with fumarate.
Effect of copper sulfate pentahydrate on the structure and properties of poly(vinyl alcohol)/graphene oxide composite films
Authors: Liu Qian , Ge Xiang , Xiang Aimin , Tian Huafeng 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTPoly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/graphene oxide (GO)/copper sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4·5H2O) composite films were prepared by the solution casting method, and the effect of CuSO4·5H2O on the structure and properties of the PVA/GO composites was investigated. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis proved the crosslinking interaction between CuSO4·5H2O and the OH group of PVA. The crystallinity of the composite films increased first and then decreased. For the composite films, the tensile strength, Young's modulus, and yield stress values improved with increasing CuSO4·5H2O, whereas the elongation at break decreased compared with that of the neat PVA/GO composite film. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) patterns of the PVA/GO/CuSO4·5H2O composite films showed that the thermal stability decreased; this was consistent with the TGA–FTIR analysis. A remarkable improvement in the oxygen‐barrier properties was achieved. The oxygen permeability coefficient was reduced by 60% compared to that of the neat PVA/GO composite film. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44135.
Process–structure–property relationship of melt spun poly(lactic acid) fibers produced in the spunbond process
Authors: Shim Eunkyoung , Pourdeyhimi Behnam , Shiffler Don 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTWe report on the process–structure–property relationships for Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) filaments produced through the spunbond process. The influence of spinning speed, polymer throughput, and draw ratio on crystallinity and birefringence of fibers were evaluated. We established that increasing spinning speed increases crystallinity and birefringence of fibers. We also investigate the role of fiber structures on fiber tensile properties—breaking tensile strength, strain at break, initial modulus, and natural draw ratio. An increase in spinning speed leads to a higher breaking tensile strength, higher initial modulus and lower strain at break. We have shown an almost linear relationship between breaking tensile strength of PLA fibers and birefringence. This indicates that improved tensile properties at high spinning speeds can be attributed to enhanced molecular orientation. The dependency of fiber breaking tensile strength and strain at break on spun orientation were explained with natural draw ratio, as a measure of spun orientation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44225.
Fabrication of thermally expandable core–shell microcapsules using organic and inorganic stabilizers and their application
Authors: Jeoung Sun Kyoung , Han In Soo , Jung Yung Jun , Hong Sanghyun , Shim Sang Eun , Hwang Ye Jin , Lee Pyoung‐Chan , Ha Jin Uk 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTThermally expandable core–shell microcapsules (TEM) were fabricated with an organic steric stabilizer and an inorganic Pickering emulsifier. In order to fabricate a TEM, acrylonitrile (AN) and metacrylonitrile (MAN) were used as monomers. Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) and poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) were used as the inorganic Pickering emulsifier and the organic stabilizer, respectively. The liquid hydrocarbon content in the core, and the thermal and expansion properties, of TEMs with two different emulsifiers were compared. The mechanical properties of polypropylene (PP) foams containing TEMs prepared with two types of stabilizers were analyzed. The TEMs polymerized with PVP showed a finer expanded cell, while those fabricated with HNTs resulted in a larger expanded cell in the PP matrix. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44247.
Chemical Constituents Isolated from Bletilla striata and Their Inhibitory Effects on Nitric Oxide Production in RAW 264.7 Cells
Authors: Bae Joon Young , Lee Jin Woo , Jin Qinghao , Jang Hari , Lee Dongho , Kim Youngsoo , Hong Jin Tae , Lee Mi Kyeong , Lee Moon Soon , Hwang Bang Yeon 
Published: August 2016

Bioassay‐guided fractionation of the MeOH extract of the tubers of Bletilla striata led to the isolation of two new C‐methylated flavan‐3‐ols, bletillanols A (1) and B (2), along with ten known compounds (3 – 12). Their structures were determined by using extensive spectroscopic analysis including 1D‐, 2D‐NMR, and circular dichroism data. All of the isolated compounds were tested for their inhibitory potential on the nitric oxide generation in LPS‐stimulated RAW 264.7 cells.
Super Aryl‐Extended Calix[4]pyrroles: Synthesis, Binding Studies, and Attempts To Gain Water Solubility
Authors: Escobar Luis , Aragay Gemma , Ballester Pablo 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe describe the synthesis of unprecedented calix[4]pyrrole receptors featuring “super aryl extended” (SAE) cavities. We elaborated the aromatic cavity provided by the αααα‐isomer of para‐tetraiodo‐meso‐phenyl calix[4]pyrrole by installing ethynyl‐aryl substituents at its upper rim. We report the binding properties of the prepared SAE‐calix[4]pyrrole tetraester towards pyridyl‐N‐oxides. The binding data revealed the formation of thermodynamically and kinetically highly stable 1:1 complexes. The complexation‐induced chemical shifts indicated the formation of hydrogen bonds and aromatic interactions with the calix‐core adopting the cone conformation. We quantified the additional interactions established between the four terminal aryl groups and the para‐phenyl substituent of 4‐phenyl pyridine N‐oxide to be in the order of 1 kcal mol−1. The complex formation rate was found to be close to the diffusion control suggesting that the free host adopted a 1,3‐alternate conformation. Finally, we attempted to gain water solubility of SAE‐calix[4]pyrroles using derivatives that display four ionizable or charged groups at their upper rims.
4‐Biphenylalanine‐ and 3‐Phenyltyrosine‐Derived Hydroxamic Acids as Inhibitors of the JumonjiC‐Domain‐Containing Histone Demethylase KDM4A
Authors: Morera Ludovica , Roatsch Martin , Fürst Michael C. D. , Hoffmann Inga , Senger Johanna , Hau Mirjam , Franz Henriette , Schüle Roland , Heinrich Markus R. , Jung Manfred 
Published: August 2016

AbstractOverexpression of the histone lysine demethylase KDM4A, which regulates H3K9 and H3K36 methylation states, has been related to the pathology of several human cancers. We found that a previously reported hydroxamate‐based histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor (SW55) was also able to weakly inhibit this demethylase with an IC50 value of 25.4 μm. Herein we report the synthesis and biochemical evaluations, with two orthogonal in vitro assays, of a series of derivatives of this lead structure. With extensive chemical modifications on the lead structure, also by exploiting the versatility of the radical arylation with aryldiazonium salts, we were able to increase the potency of the derivatives against KDM4A to the low‐micromolar range and, more importantly, to obtain demethylase selectivity with respect to HDACs. Cell‐permeable derivatives clearly showed a demethylase‐inhibition‐dependent antiproliferative effect against HL‐60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells.
Effects of walking in deep venous thrombosis: a new integrated solid and fluid mechanics model
Authors: López Josep M. , Fortuny Gerard , Puigjaner Dolors , Herrero Joan , Marimon Francesc , Garcia‐Bennett Josep 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDeep venous thrombosis (DVT) is a common disease. Large thrombi in venous vessels cause bad blood circulation and pain; and when a blood clot detaches from a vein wall, it causes an embolism whose consequences range from mild to fatal. Walking is recommended to DVT patients as a therapeutical complement. In this study the mechanical effects of walking on a specific patient of DVT were simulated by means of an unprecedented integration of 3 elements: a real geometry, a biomechanical model of body tissues, and a computational fluid dynamics study. A set of computed tomography images of a patient's leg with a thrombus in the popliteal vein was employed to reconstruct a geometry model. Then a biomechanical model was used to compute the new deformed geometry of the vein as a function of the fiber stretch level of the semimembranosus muscle. Finally, a computational fluid dynamics study was performed to compute the blood flow and the wall shear stress (WSS) at the vein and thrombus walls. Calculations showed that either a lengthening or shortening of the semimembranosus muscle led to a decrease of WSS levels up to 10%. Notwithstanding, changes in blood viscosity properties or blood flow rate may easily have a greater impact in WSS.
A new manufacturable filter design approach for spectral reflectance estimation
Authors: Mahmoudi Nahavandi Alireza , Amani Tehran Mohammad 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSelection of the best possible filter set among a set of available filters is the obvious method of increasing dimension of camera signals for spectral reflectance reconstruction. There are also methods that are focusing on the filter design regardless of noticing to the constructability of the designed filters. This study shows that direct optimization of physical variables of filter manufacturing technique is more reliable than indirect approach of designing and then physical manufacturing of the designed filters. Direct optimization of the transmission‐controlling primaries in filter manufacturing process would guarantee having the designed filters in reality. Combination of some solvent dyes was used as the spectral transmission matching system for filter manufacturing. As a conventional technique, filters were designed and best possible dye concentrations that match the desired filters were calculated. As an alternative approach, filters were also designed using direct optimization of dyes concentrations. The results showed that direct optimization of dye concentrations exhibits better performance in comparison with the conventional technique. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 42, 316–326, 2017
DCLK1 phosphorylates the microtubule‐associated protein MAP7D1 to promote axon elongation in cortical neurons
Authors: Koizumi Hiroyuki , Fujioka Hiromi , Togashi Kazuya , Thompson James , Yates John R. , Gleeson Joseph G. , Emoto Kazuo 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTDoublecortin‐like kinase 1 (DCLK1) is a member of the neuronal microtubule‐associated doublecortin (DCX) family and functions in multiple stages of neural development including radial migration and axon growth of cortical neurons. DCLK1 is suggested to play the roles in part through its protein kinase activity, yet the kinase substrates of DCLK1 remain largely unknown. Here we have identified MAP7D1 (microtubule‐associated protein 7 domain containing 1) as a novel substrate of DCLK1 by using proteomic analysis. MAP7D1 is expressed in developing cortical neurons, and knockdown of MAP7D1 in layer 2/3 cortical neurons results in a significant impairment of callosal axon elongation, but not of radial migration, in corticogenesis. We have further defined the serine 315 (Ser 315) of MAP7D1 as a DCLK1‐induced phosphorylation site and shown that overexpression of a phosphomimetic MAP7D1 mutant in which Ser 315 is substituted with glutamic acid (MAP7D1 S315E), but not wild‐type MAP7D1, fully rescues the axon elongation defects in Dclk1 knockdown neurons. These data demonstrate that DCLK1 phosphorylates MAP7D1 on Ser 315 to facilitate axon elongation of cortical neurons. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 77: 419–437, 2017