bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why Don’t Prices Rise during Periods of Peak Demand? Synchronize Demand to Relax Competition
Authors: Miao Chun-Hui 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
During periods of peak demand, frequent markdowns present an empirical puzzle. Based on the idea that stores face capacity constraints in times of high shopping volume, we show that stores keep their off-season prices high in order to lure all consumers to shop around the same time. This relaxes competition and allows stores to raise prices. Due to binding capacity constraints, stores randomize their prices. Thus, our model offers a unified explanation for both the countercyclicality and the high frequency of price changes during periods of peak demand.
Geographic distribution and new localities for cryptic species of the Aneura pinguis complex and Aneura maxima in Poland
Authors: Bączkiewicz Alina , Gonera Patrycja , Buczkowska Katarzyna 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The genus Aneura is represented in Poland by two species - A. pinguis and A. maxima. A. pinguis in contrast to A. maxima is a complex of cryptic species temporarily named A. pinguis species: A, B, C, and E. All species of the A. pinguis complex and A. maxima differ in their geographic distribution and habitat preferences. A. pinguis species A grows mainly on humus over limestone rocks in the Western Carpathians, A. pinguis species B occurs mainly on clay soil in Bieszczady Mts. and in clayish areas of lowlands, A. pinguis species C grows both in lowlands and mountains and it occupies mostly wet sandy soils, on the shores of oligotrophic lakes and river and mountain stream banks, A. pinguis species E is connected with calcareous rocks in flowing water in mountains. A. maxima grows over the country - both in lowlands and mountains, in marshes situated on the river banks.
Population dynamics of Pulsatilla patens (L.) Mill. in a new locality in Poland
Authors: Ciosek Marek Tadeusz , Piórek Katarzyna , Sikorski Roman , Trębicka Agata 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
A new locality of Pulsatilla patens (L.) Mill. in the Wyszków-Jegiel Forest District, in the southern part of Puszcza Biała (ATPOL EC79) is described. This locality is situated on an escarpment, at the edge of Peucedano-Pinetum fresh pine forest with elements of Serratulo-Pinetum mixed pine forest and Potentillo albae-Quercetum steppe oak forest. Good light conditions prevail in the place of plant occurrence. Studies carried out in 2008-2015 showed an increasing trend of P. patens population, though, recently, this population seems to be stable. The number of species accompanying the pasque-flower also increased in this time period. It was found based on the analysis of flora directly neighbouring the clumps of the pasque-flower. During 7 years, the number of taxa increased by 31.5% on plot I and by 25% on plot II. In the years 2011-2013, the pasque-flower was represented both by flowering (1-2) and vegetative individuals. Afterwards, the plant was present only in vegetative stage. The number of its leaves varied in time. The highest number of leaves - 14 per individual - was noted in 2014, and the lowest number (1) - in 2012. The reason for a decline in the number of plant clumps in the site Dalekie and, at the same time, the greatest threat was the excavation of sand from the escarpment. In 2012, this escarpment slid down and several clumps of the pasque-flower were destroyed. Forest management and digging up by wild boars were additional factors limiting the population. To preserve the site of P. patens, measures of active protection should be applied.
Forest certification in Russia: development, current state and problems
Authors: Lukashevich Victor , Shegelman Ilya , Vasilyev Aleksey , Lukashevich Mariia 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The article analyzes the development of voluntary forest certification by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) system in Russia. The article is based on the review of diverse information sources, analysis of the reports of timber processing enterprises, personal observations during certification audits, discussions in workgroups, and information collected at training courses. We evaluated the present state of voluntary forest certification in Russia, analyzed non-compliances of the activity of Russian wood processing enterprises with the national standard FSC-STD-RUS-V6-1-2012 and indicated possible reasons for non-fulfillment of the requirements. We also presented problems in the development of forest certification in Russia and possible ways for its further development.
By the end of 2015, about 40 million hectares were certified, approximately 160 certificates were issued on forest management and 440 certificates on chain of custody. The 6th principle of the national forest management standard is the most problematic for logging enterprises. The principle concerns the requirements on the evaluation of impact of enterprise’s activity on the environment. About 40% of non-compliances identified by auditors referred to the indicators of the 6th principle.
We argue that the main problems of forest certification development in Russia are contradictions between the principles and the criteria of FSC and the requirements of Russian forest legislation, retention of biodiversity and high conservation value forests, lack of economic incentives for introduction and implementation of certification requirements, and high cost of audits. Despite the existing problems, the certification remains one of the most important instruments for achieving sustainable forest management in Russia.
Species composition and diversity of non-forest woody vegetation along roads in the agricultural landscape
Authors: Tóth Attila , Kuczman Gabriel , Feriancová Ľubica 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Non-forest woody vegetation represents an important component of green infrastructure in the agricultural landscape, where natural and semi-natural forest cover has only a low land use proportion. This paper focuses on linear woody vegetation structures along roads in the agricultural landscape and analyses them in three study areas in the Nitra Region, Slovakia. We evaluate species composition and diversity, species occurrence frequency or spatial distribution, their structure according to relatively achievable age and origin. For the evaluation of occurrence frequency, a Frequency Factor was proposed and applied. This factor allows a better comparison of different study areas and results in more representative findings. The study areas were divided into sectors based on visual landscape features, which are easily identifiable in the field, such as intersections and curves in roads, and intersections of roads with other features, such as cadastral or land boundaries, watercourses, etc. Based on the species abundance, woody plants present within the sectors were categorised into 1) predominant, 2) complementary and 3) mixed-in species; and with regard to their origin into 1) autochthonous and 2) allochthonous. Further, trees were categorised into 1) long-lived, 2) medium-lived and 3) short-lived tree species. The main finding is that among trees, mainly allochthonous species dominated. Robinia pseudoacacia L. was the predominant tree species in all three study areas. It was up to 4 times more frequent than other predominant tree species. Introduced tree species prevailed also among complementary and mixed-in species. Among shrubs, mainly native species dominated, while non-native species had a significantly lower proportion and spatial distribution. Based on these findings, several measures have been proposed to improve the overall ecological stability, the proportion and spatial distribution of native woody plant species. The recommendations and measures aim at enhancement of native species biodiversity, landscape identity and character, in order to meet the main landscape and biodiversity challenges identified in key biodiversity and landscape policies of Europe.
Diastereoselective synthesis of dispiro[indoline-3,1′-cyclobutane-2′,3″-indolines] via visible light catalyzed cyclodimerization of 3-phenacylideneoxindoles
Authors: Jiang Yan-Hong , Yang Ren-Yin , Sun Jing , Yan Chao-Guo 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
A simple synthetic protocol was developed for the efficient synthesis of functionalized dispiro[indoline-3,1′-cyclobutane-2′,3″-indolines] with high diastereoselectivity. The reaction proceeds by cyclodimerization reaction of 3-phenacylideneoxindoles in the presence of a catalytic amount of photosensitizer Ru(bpy3)Cl2 and visible light.
The reasons for the different nest shapes of Megapis bees
Authors: Woyke Jerzy , Wilde Jerzy , Wilde Maria 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Over a 37-year period, we observed 1011 active bee nests and abandoned combs of Apis dorsata and Apis laboriosa in Nepal, India, the Philippines, and Bhutan. This article focuses on the reasons for the different shapes of the nests. We discovered that differing ambient conditions were the reasons for the following three shapes of symmetrical nests: vertical semi-ellipse, semicircle, and the horizontal semi-ellipse. We noted that asymmetrical nests were constructed when there was lack of space to extend the comb equally in both external directions. An asymmetrical nest also appeared when remnants of a previous comb remained on one edge of the nest. Convex nests were constructed to avoid excess sun exposure. Concave nests appeared as a result of low temperatures during the night and part of the day (Nepal). An L-shape nest was constructed when there was lack of space available to extend the nest in a straight direction. The shape of the nests also determines the way the combs fall.
Croatian produced unifloral honey characterized according to the protein and proline content and enzyme activities
Authors: Flanjak Ivana , Strelec Ivica , Kenjerić Daniela , Primorac Ljiljana 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
In honey, the content of proteins, including the enzymes, is relatively low and has a minor nutritive significance. On the other hand, the proteins, including the enzymes, are usually used as honey quality evaluation parameters. This is because protein content and enzyme activities vary regarding the botanical origin of the honey. Since the results of protein content, glucose-oxidase, and acid phosphatase, for honeys produced in Croatia, are not available, four of the most abundant honey types produced in Croatia (black locust, sage, chestnut, and honeydew honey) are characterised according to the protein and proline content and enzyme activities. The characterisation was done to determine specificities and contribute to the characterisation of unifloral honeys. Dark honey types (honeydew and chestnut honey) had a higher proline content, and diastase, invertase, and glucose-oxidase activity than lighter sage and black locust honey. Black locust honey has a naturally low enzyme activity and showed the highest acid phosphatase activity among the analysed honey types, while honeydew honey, otherwise known to possess high proline content and enzyme activity, had a low protein content comparable to black locust honey. Statistically significant correlations were obtained between all analysed parameters, with the exception of acid phosphatase activity.
Impact of honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) density on wild bee foraging behaviour
Authors: Goras Georgios , Tananaki Chrysoula , Dimou Maria , Tscheulin Thomas , Petanidou Theodora , Thrasyvoulou Andreas 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Honey bees are globally regarded as important crop pollinators and are also valued for their honey production. They have been introduced on an almost worldwide scale. During recent years, however, several studies argue their possible competition with unmanaged pollinators. Here we examine the possible effects of honey bees on the foraging behaviour of wild bees on Cistus creticus flowers in Northern Greece. We gradually introduced one, five, and eight honey-bee hives per site, each containing ca. 20,000 workers. The visitation frequency and visit duration of wild bees before and after the beehive introductions were measured by flower observation. While the visitation frequencies of wild bees were unaffected, the average time wild bees spent on C. creticus increased with the introduction of the honey-bee hives. Although competition between honey bees and wild bees is often expected, we did not find any clear evidence for significant effects even in honey-bee densities much higher than the European-wide average of 3.1 colonies/km2.
A Massive Aortic Intramural Haematoma – an Aortic Emergency
Authors: Jakó Beáta , Jani Laura , Opincariu Diana , Mester András , Kovács István , Chițu Monica 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Aortic intramural haematoma (AIH) is a rarely recognized disease characterized by a sudden haemorrhage into aortic media in the absence of any intimal tear. The clinical evolution and mortality rates of AIH are similar to those of acute aortic dissection. However, in the acute clinical care of patients presenting with chest pain of aortic origin, it is important to differentiate intramural haematoma from aortic dissection. A case of an elderly patient with an intramural hematoma (IMH), which progressed to very large dimensions and involved the entire aortic wall, resulting in fatal complications is presented here.
Treatment Difficulties in High Risk Pulmonary Embolism. A Case Report
Authors: Bajka Balázs , Benedek Edvin , Stănescu Alexandra , Rapolti Emese , Chițu Monica , Kovács István 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Pulmonary embolism (PE) remains a common and potentially life-threatening cardiovascular emergency. Systemic thrombolysis with intravenous infusion of a thrombolytic agent is generally recommended for treatment of high risk PE. However, this method has known limitations in the presence of high bleeding risk. Catheter-directed thrombolysis has the potential to achieve the same benefits as systemic thrombolysis, with a lower risk of haemorrhage. The case presented is of a 67-year-old male patient with a high risk of pulmonary embolism and contraindications for systemic thrombolysis, in whom the presence of severe comorbidities presented an increased risk of surgical embolectomy, who was successfully treated by catheter-directed thrombolysis.
Does Africa’s LIS Education Address New Forms of Digital Content and Related Right?
Authors: Kawooya Dick 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
As the case is elsewhere in the world, Library and Information Science (LIS) education in Africa is largely lagging behind industry developments with reference to the legal and policy framework regulating digital content and technology. Notwithstanding the importance of information ethics, LIS programmes in Africa tend to predominantly focus on ethical issues at the expense of legal issues. For most LIS programmes, the national legal and policy infrastructure regulating digital technology and content is simply missing in the curriculum. Others only have sprinklings of legal knowledge in the curriculum. Digital technology and content is fundamentally changing the way people in Africa access and consume information. The fundamental question is how prepared are librarians for the ever-changing digital rights associated with digital technology and content? In this paper digital rights refer to the application of traditional human rights to digital technology or digital environments. Second, are LIS programmes in Africa preparing professionals that are capable of navigating the difficult terrain of digital rights as well as engaging in legal and policy discourse on digital rights that affect LIS institutions? The paper is the first step in understanding what is taught by LIS programmes in Africa based on the analysis of course titles and descriptions from 11 programmes. Courses reviewed generally touched on some of the legal and technological issues associated with digital content. However, several of the contemporary issues associated with digital content and rights are missing from the courses and curriculum.
Geodiversity and Biodiversity of the Postglacial Landscape (Dębnica River Catchment, Poland)
Authors: Najwer Alicja , Borysiak Janina , Gudowicz Joanna , Mazurek Małgorzata , Zwoliński Zbigniew 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The preparation of a proper zoning plan or landscape-ecological plan requires taking into account recognition of the natural values of an area covered by the plan and evaluating its abiotic and biotic diversities. The aim of the paper is to present the new approach to the procedure of geodiversity and biodiversity assessment. This procedure is used to characterise abiotic and biotic heterogeneity of the postglacial landscape modified by a man, tested on Dębnica River catchment (Western Pomerania, Poland). This catchment is a representative example illustrating the landscape of Central European Plain. The analytical algorithm of the geodiversity assessment is based on appropriate selection of the evaluation criteria: lithological, relative heights, landform fragmentation, hydrographical elements and mesoclimatic conditions. Biodiversity was assessed on the basis of real vegetation, potential natural vegetation and the degree of anthropisation of the natural vegetation with respect to syngenesis of plant associations. Seven factor maps were obtained: five for the diversity of abiotic elements, and two for the diversity of biotic elements, which became the basis for the creation of total geodiversity and biodiversity maps. Maps produced in accordance with given methodology may find a wide range of applications.
Thermal Conditions Relative to Atmospheric Circulation in the Christmas Period in Poland
Authors: Tomczyk Arkadiusz M. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The main objective of this article was to determine thermal conditions in the Christmas period and the impact of atmospheric circulation on their formation. The article is based on data on the mean daily air temperature for 16 stations in Poland for the 1966-2014 multiannual period. In this period, no statistically significant changes of air temperature were observed, neither in December, nor the Christmas period. The occurrence of averagely warmer holidays was associated with the inflow of maritime polar air masses from the western sector, while colder holidays occurred with the inflow of continental polar air masses from the eastern sector.
Educational Tourism in Protected Natural Areas in South-East of the Baikal Region
Authors: Chizhova Vera , Kirillov Sergey , Slipenchuk Mikchail 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The paper presents the implementation of the strategy of development of tourism in the south-east of the Baikal region on the territory of the Baikal Biosphere reserve and its subordinate federal sanctuaries. as a result of the field research conducted in the summer of 2014 by a group of staff and students of the Faculty of Geography, Lomonosov Moscow State university, a project of a tour route for the development of ecotourism and environmental education in the territory of Altacheysky sanctuary has been proposed.
Hyponatremia – unfavourable prognostic factor in hepatic cirrhosis
Authors: Enescu Aurelia , Petrescu F. , Mitruţ P. , Pădureanu V. , Petrescu Octavia Ileana , Albu Valeria Carmen , Moraru Andreea Larisa , Enescu Anca Ştefania 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Hyponatremia is defined by a level of Na in serum below or equal to 136 mEq/L while in hepatic cirrhosis it is classically considered as relevant only at a level of Na below 130 mEq/L.
Hyponatremia frequently occurs in patients with end-stage hepatic disease. The frequency and severity are variable but it has been estimated that it occurs with a frequency of 57% in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis and in those on waiting lists for hepatic transplants. Signs and symptoms of hyponatremia are related to dysfunctions of the central nervous system, due to migration of the water from intravascular space to the brain cells, resulting in the occurrence of cerebral edema. Therapeutic options in hyponatremia are limited and are based on restriction of water consumption, exclusion of diuretics and vaptans. Hepatic transplant remains the only definitive treatment for end-stage hepatic diseases in which hyponatremia has occurred.
Prevalence of Asymptomatic Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in Patients with Carotid Stenosis
Authors: Toncev Slavco , Aleksic Dejan , Toncev Gordana 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The aim of this study was to demonstrate the prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysm in patients with carotid disease and to analyse the influence of cardiovascular risk factors for abdominal aortic aneurysm. Methods: Ultrasound for abdominal aortic aneurysm was performed in 200 patients (112 men and 88 women, mean age 65.72±7.71 years) with known carotid disease. The primary cardiovascular risk factors (age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia and smoking) were analysed. Results: We found that 15.5% of patients with carotid stenosis also had abdominal aortic aneurysm. The prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysm was higher in men (22.23%) than in women (6.81%). There was no correlation between the severity of carotid disease and the diameter of the abdominal aortic aneurysm (p>0.05). Advanced age and smoking were independent risk factors for abdominal aortic aneurysm. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that the prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysm is higher in patients with carotid disease than in the general population. Patients with known carotid disease may be candidates for selective screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm detection.
The Effects of High Doses of Nandrolone Decanoate on Cardiac Muscle Tissue
Authors: Sretenovic Jasmina , Zivkovic Vladimir , Srejovic Ivan , Milosavljevic Zoran 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
In recent decades, steroid abuse has become very popular and widespread among professional and recreational athletes. The aim of this study was to examine the chronic effects of training combined with high doses of nandrolone decanoate on cardiac muscle tissue. The study included 32 Wistar albino rats divided into 4 groups: control (T-N-), steroid (T-N+), exercisetraining (T+N-) and exercise plus steroid (T+N+) groups. The T+N- and T+N+ group swam for 4 weeks, 1 hour per day, 5 days per week. The N+ (nandrolone positive groups) received nandrolone decanoate (20 mg/kg) once per week, subcutaneously. After 4 weeks of training, the rats were sacrificed. Heart biopsy specimens were routinely fixed and embedded in paraffin. Fivemicrometre thick sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin (H/E) and Masson-Trichrome dyes. Captured microscopic images were processed by special software for image analysis to quantify results. Our results showed that the combination of nandrolone and training causes left ventricular wall thickening of 30%. Average cardiac muscle cell longitudinal diameter was increased by 6% in the T-N+ group, by 16% in the T+N- group and by 25% in the T+N+ group. The cross sectional muscle cell area was increased in the T+N+ group by 33%. Heart collagen content was increased in the nandrolone group compared to the control group by 261%. Collagen content was decreased in the T+N+ group by 34%. High doses of AAS induced left ventricle hypertrophy and excessive heart collagen deposition.