bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medical treatment of horses with deep digital flexor tendon injuries diagnosed with high-field-strength magnetic resonance imaging: 118 cases (2000–2010)
Authors: Lutter John D. , Schneider Robert K. , Sampson Sarah N. , Cary Julie A. , Roberts Greg D. , Vahl Christopher I. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Objective—To describe the location and severity of deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) lesions diagnosed by means of high-field-strength MRI in horses and to identify variables associated with return to activity following medical treatment.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—118 horses.
Procedures—Medical records of horses with DDFT injury diagnosed with MRI over a 10-year period (2000–2010) and treated medically (intrasynovial administration of corticosteroids and sodium hyaluronan, rest and rehabilitation, or both) were reviewed. History, signalment, use, results of lameness examination and diagnostic local anesthesia, MRI findings, and treatment details were recorded. Outcome was obtained by telephone interview or follow-up examination. Horses were grouped by predictor variables and analyzed with logistic regression to identify significant effects.
Results—Overall, of 97 horses available for follow-up (median time to follow-up, 5 years; range, 1 to 12 years), 59 (61%) returned to activity for a mean duration of 22.6 months (median, 18 months; range, 3 to 72 months), with 25 (26%) still sound at follow-up. Of horses with mild, moderate, and severe injury, 21 of 29 (72%), 20 of 36 (56%), and 18 of 32 (56%), respectively, returned to use. Horses treated with intrasynovial corticosteroid injection and 6 months of rest and rehabilitation returned to use for a significantly longer duration than did horses treated without rest. Western performance horses returned to use for a significantly longer duration than did English performance horses.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results of the present study suggested that outcome for horses with DDFT injuries treated medically depended on injury severity, presence of concurrent injury to other structures in the foot, type of activity, and owner compliance with specific treatment recommendations. Although some horses successfully returned to prior activity, additional treatment options are needed to improve outcome in horses with severe injuries and to improve long-term prognosis.
Factor Structure and Psychometric Properties of the Index of Teaching Stress—Short Form (ITS—SF)
Authors: Cleliazurlo Maria , Pes Daniela , Romano Rosaria 
Published: November 2015

WITHDRAWAL NOTICE for Cleliazurlo, M., Pes, D., & Romano, R. (2015). Factor Structure and Psychometric Properties of the Index of Teaching Stress— Short Form (ITS—SF). Psychological Reports, 117(3), 763–780. DOI: 10.2466/ 08.PR0.117c24z5 The article has been withdrawn at the request of the author. The author contacted the journal to inform them that PARS, the rightsholder of the Index of Teaching Stress (“ITS”), expressed concern at the author’s unauthorized creation and publication of a short form version of the ITS. Although the author had received permission to validate an Italian version of ITS, the rights holder did not permit the development and publication of the resulting short form, and requested the article be withdrawn from access. If you have any questions about this, please contact SAGE. This study analyses factor structure and psychometric properties of the Italian short version of the Index of Teaching Stress–Short Form (ITS–SF). The original version of the ITS (90 items) was submitted to 567 teachers randomly drawn from a cross-section of school levels. Confirmatory factor analysis to check the factor structure was unsatisfactory, and Cronbach's α (.98) indicated a redundancy of items. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted for each section of the test and cross-loading items were eliminated. The resulting ITS–SF consists of 43 items, tapping eight meaningful and adequately reliable dimensions substantially corresponding to all dimensions measured by the original version of the ITS. The Italian short version of the Index of Teaching Stress constitutes a reliable measure of teacher stress in educative interactions.
In Vitro Toxicological Evaluation of Cigarette Smoke Particulate Matter: Effect of Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) as Solvent
Authors: Misra M , Leverette RD , Hamm JT , Vulimiri SV 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
This study examined the potential to minimize the cytotoxic or genotoxic effects that dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), when used as solvent, has on the in vitro interleukin-8 (IL-8) release, mammalian cell cytotoxicity and micronuclei formation, and bacterial mutagenesis induced by cigarette smoke wet total particulate matter (WTPM). The use of DMSO as a solvent vehicle for test articles of limited water solubility is widely applied in in vitro assays due to its moderate toxicity to test organisms and its excellent solvent properties for both polar and non-polar compounds, such as WTPM. A significant DMSO dose-dependent depletion in the IL-8 release was observed, with or without the addition of WTPM, at concentrations spanning those typically employed in in vitro assays. DMSO at 3.6% reduced cell viability 40-50%. Overall, DMSO at final concentrations of 0.5% and 4.0% resulted in about 50% and 90% depletion of final IL-8 levels, respectively. DMSO-induced cytotoxicity was evident only at concentrations of 1.5% or more, a concentration higher than that typically employed in such testing. The WTPM-induced cytotoxicity was equivalent at low ranges of DMSO concentrations. DMSO concentrations of 3.6% or higher resulted in an increase of cytotoxicity by 20-25%. DMSO alone did not give rise to bacterial mutagenicity at doses from 0% to 3.9%; however, WTPM exposure with increasing levels of DMSO resulted in increased toxicity of the WTPM at doses of DMSO greater than 6.9%, as indicated by lower revertant counts. This effect suggests that for Ames assay analysis of WTPM collected in DMSO, the level of DMSO should be minimized to prevent lower revertant counts due to DMSO-induced toxicity. DMSO alone gave a dose-dependent increase in the background micronuclei percentage, with a statistically significant increase at 4%. In the presence of WTPM, DMSO at 3% concentration resulted in a significantly higher micro-nucleus frequency, suggesting a possible clastogenic role of DMSO or potential cell permeability differences. In conclusion, this study should provide guidance for the range of DMSO concentrations when used as a solvent for WTPM-mediated in vitro toxicological assays and therefore help in properly designing and conducting in vitro studies that utilize DMSO as the extraction solvent of choice.
Editors’ note
Authors: Heller WD , Scherer G 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
In this issue of Beiträge, we publish the correspondence on the topic of fibre and particle release from cigarette filters. Dr John L. Pauly (Roswell Park Cancer Institute, NY, USA), protagonist of this research area since the middle of the 1990ies, opened the discussion by sending his views on the article of Hengstberger and Stark [Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 23 (2009) 338 - 358] to the Editors. As is customary for scientific journals, we forwarded the letter to the authors and encouraged their public response in Beiträge. We, the Editors, would like to thank Dr Pauly and the authors of the original article for sharing their views with our readers. We also look forward to receiving further correspondence on this and may be other ‘hot topics’.
Influence of Tobacco Additives on the Chemical Composition of Mainstream Smoke
Authors: Hahn J , Schaub J 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Additives used in tobacco product manufacturing are currently in the focus of public discussions with regard to potentially increased consumer health risks on account of certain additives. In addition, a few additives are suspected to enhance the addictiveness of tobacco products. In 2006, the German Federal Ministry for Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection (BundesministeriumfuerErnaehrung, Landwirtschaft und Verbraucherschutz, BMELV) commissioned a research project intended to provide support for the evaluation of additives and their influence on the composition and properties of cigarette mainstream smoke. In this paper the results of the study are reported. Different amounts of glycerol, cocoa powder and sucrose were added to the tobacco of two kinds of filter-ventilated King size test cigarettes with ‘tar’ levels of 6 mg and 10 mg per cigarette. The tobacco of the test cigarettes consisted of a commercially available blend made of Virginia, Burley and Oriental tobaccos. Machine smoking was performed according to the applicable ISO smoking regimen. Various smoke components, which are suspected to be harmful for health, were determined in mainstream smoke. Increasing levels of sucrose were correlated with an increase of the amount of formaldehyde but not of acetaldehyde in the mainstream smoke of the test cigarettes. In cigarettes with different levels of added glycerol no substantial change in smoke composition was observed. The addition of cocoa powder to tobacco resulted in a decrease of tobaccospecific N-nitrosamines in mainstream smoke. The results obtained in this study can be used as evidence for the toxicological evaluation aimed at approving or banning specific additives for tobacco product manufacturing.
Analysis of Acrylonitrile and alpha-Methacrylonitrile in Vapor Phase of Mainstream Cigarette Smoke Using a Charcoal Trap for Collection
Authors: Moldoveanu SC 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
A simple procedure for the collection of vapor phase (VP) of mainstream cigarette smoke for analysis has been developed. This procedure consists of collecting the VP on a commercial charcoal trap (ORBO™-32) followed by dissolution in acetone. The acetone extract can be analyzed by a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) technique. A qualitative analysis of the collected VP has been performed for 3R4F Kentucky reference cigarette, allowing the identification of 138 compounds, some compounds being present in both VP and in particulate phase (PP) of cigarette smoke. A quantitative analysis method for acrylonitrile and α-methacrylonitrile (2-methyl-2-propenenitrile) was also developed, and the level of these compounds in 15 different cigarette brands was measured. Acrylonitrile quantitation was selected since this compound in smoke poses significant health related issues. α-Methacrylonitrile quantitation was selected due to the similar structure of this compound with acrylonitrile. The analyzed cigarettes were several Kentucky reference cigarettes including 1R5F, 2R4F, 3R4F, 2R1F, and 1R3F, several King Size (KS) commercial cigarettes from the US market including Basic Non Filter (NF), Basic Ultra Lights (UL), Newport, Marlboro (Red), Marlboro Menthol, Camel Filter, Camel Lights, Camel Ultra Lights, and two herbal cigarettes, Ecstasy and Dreams. The results for acrylonitrile were in very good agreement with data reported in the literature for 2R4F and 1R5F cigarettes. The levels of α-methacrylonitrile were not previously reported. The correlation between the levels of acrylonitrile and of α-methacrylonitrile with the (wet) total particulate matter (TPM) was evaluated. Although the levels of acrylonitrile and of α-methacrylonitrile in mainstream smoke depend on the TPM values, the correlation is not very strong, indicating that the nature of the cigarette blend and possible other factors in cigarette construction also influence their levels in smoke. The collection method used in this study allows the subsequent dissolution of VP in a much smaller volume of solvent compared to other methods that use impingers, allows the use of standard GC/MS autosamplers for liquid injection and simple addition of internal standards compared to the methods that use gas bags, and allows a simple and immediate collection of VP as it leaves the Cambridge filter pad. These characteristics represent significant advantages versus other methods commonly used for VP analysis.
Editors’ Note
Authors: Heller WD , Scherer G 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
With deep-felt sadness we have to inform our readers that Dr Dietrich K. Hoffmann passed away at his home inLarchmont, N.Y. on April 20th at the age of 86 years. We will publish an obituary honoring this notable tobacco scientistin our next issue.
In this issue we publish the presentation of Drs Thomas A. Perfetti and Alan Rodgman at the 2010 CORESTA Meeting inEdinburgh when they were awarded the 2010 CORESTA Prize. Dr Hubert Klus kindly contributes a Guest Editorial.
We are pleased to continue the publication of the laudations for the recipients of the Tobacco Science ResearchConference Lifetime Achievement Award. In 2010, the award was presented to Dr William Kerr Collins. The laudationwas delivered by Dr J. Michael Moore. We started the series in issue 21/5 (2005) with the first two recipients of thisprestigious award, Dr Alan Rodgman and Dr Dietrich Hoffmann, followed by Dr Tien C. Tso in issue 21/8 (2005) and DrRichard R. Baker in issue 22/4 (2007).
Finally, we have asked François Jacob, who was CORESTA's Secretary General for more than 20 years, to recount someof his impressions and experiences during a most fulfilling part of his career.
Editors’ Note
Authors: Heller WD , Scherer G 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
It is with sadness that we learned that T.C. Tso passed away in April of this year. In this issue of Beitraege, we publish an obituary written by Professor Lowell Bush on the personality and scientific career of Dr Tso.
T.C. Tso published 19 manuscripts in our journal. His first article in Beitraege was entitled “Examination of Aflatoxin B1 in Leaf Tobacco and in Cigarette Smoke Condensate” and published in 1967. His last article in Beitraege was a review entitled “Tobacco Research and Its Relevance to Science, Medicine and Industry” revealing a vision for the future of tobacco plant research. In a letter to the editor (Beitr. Tabakforsch Int. 23 (2008) 63-65), Hubert Klus appreciated this publication of Dr Tso in terms of its retrospective and prospective implications on tobacco-related science and science policy.
In this context, we would like to draw our readers’ attention to the autobiography of Dr Tso, which is mentioned in the obituary by Professor Bush. Finally, it should not go unmentioned that, for one decade - from 1988 to 1998, Dr Tso served as a member of the advisory board of our journal and helped to maintain the scientific standard of Beitraege.
Roles of Tobacco Fractions in the Formation of Polycyclic Aromatic Amines in Tobacco Pyrolysis
Authors: Yoshida S , Kobayashi K 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The aim of the present study was to gain further understanding of the precursors in tobacco of four polycyclic aromatic amines (PAAs) - 1- and 2-aminonaphthalene, 3- and 4-aminobiphenyl. We carried out non-isothermal pyrolysis of the residues, which were obtained after extraction of tobacco cut filler with methylene chloride followed by extraction with water, under three different pyrolysis conditions (target temperature 800 °C / 800 °C / 400 °C and O2 concentration in carrier gas 0% / 20% / 3%, resp.). The yields of the four PAAs obtained by the pyrolysis of each sample were evaluated. Several nitrogenous components in the sample were also analyzed. The results under all these pyrolysis conditions showed that 1) the methylene chloride-soluble fraction, in which 50-60% of nicotine was extracted, did NOT contribute significantly contribution to the yields of the four PAAs; 2) the watersoluble fraction, in which most of the nitrogenous inorganic ions and amino acids were extracted, contributed at an average of about 30% to total PAA yield; and 3) the insoluble residue, in which only protein was detected during the investigation of the nitrogenous components in the present study, showed the highest contribution, 50-60% of the four PAAs formed. Consequently, it is concluded that protein-like components in tobacco contribute highly to the formation of the four PAAs by tobacco pyrolysis.
The Transfer of Knowledge in Intra-Organizational Networks: A Case Study Analysis
Authors: Sroka Włodzimierz , Cygler Joanna , Gajdzik Bożena 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
`Background: In today’s business environment, a company is able to maintain its competitive position if it constantly generates knowledge and disseminates this knowledge within the organization, as well as transforms it into new competences. The ability to transfer knowledge becomes one of the key factors in the improvement of a company’s competitive position. This hypothesis is applicable particularly in the case of cooperation within networks, as they are an excellent opportunity for mutual learning between partners. Objectives: The purpose of the paper is to analyse the process of knowledge transfer in intra-organizational networks. Method: Due to the specificity of the research object, the case study method has been chosen. In order to make an in-depth analysis of the case study, we selected a group of several criteria based on the theory which we believe to be fundamental to the effectiveness of knowledge management in networks, and compared them with the situation in the ArcelorMittal Group. Results: Our research show that ArcelorMittal Group has met almost all the criteria of effective knowledge management in its intra-organizational network. Some exceptions, albeit merely to an extent, are mostly the result of historical circumstances, , i.e. the process of growth through acquisitions, and the acquisition of companies at different stages of organizational development, as well as organizational culture. Conclusion: Based on theoretical assumptions, the study analysed in details the components of knowledge management applied by the corporation in question. Therefore this study might be utilised to formulate a refutable hypothesis and verify them on a larger group of companies from different sectors of the economy. The main limitations of the paper are mostly related to the inherent approach therein
Work-life Balance by Area, Actual Situation and Expectations – the Overlapping Opinions of Employers and Employees in Slovenia
Authors: Kozjek Tatjana , Tomaževič Nina , Stare Janez 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Background: The question of work-life balance (WLB) is an area where increasing attention is being paid nowadays. States, organisations and employees all have responsibility and a role to play in WLB. This article presents the important areas of the WLB by key players in this field. Purpose: The purpose of the research was to compare and analyse the differences between the actual situation and the expectations of employers and employees with regard to specific areas of WLB in Slovenia. Methodology: Data was gathered using the Computer Assisted Web Interview (CAWI) method. In the first part of the research project, employers across all sectors of the economy in Slovenia were questioned and in second part focussed on employees. In order to verify the areas in which employers and employees agree and those in which there are differences in perception, multidimensional scaling (MDS) was used. Results: The results of our research show that Slovenian organisations must pay more attention to flexible working time, the employees’ ability to take time off to care for family members, time and stress management workshops and paid leave for parents on a child’s first day of school. Conclusion: A significant role in WLB is played by organisations. The incorporation of WLB strategies into the strategic and financial planning of an organisation can, in fact, have positive business, economic and social effects. Employees have to express their expectations and needs, which is the only way that employers can be made aware of their problems and help with WLB. State responsibility is to encourage all social partners to shape the living environment in which employees’ can achieve a good WLB with an emphasis on gender equality
New distribution records for the rare genus Afrotremex Pasteels (Siricidae: Hymenoptera) and provision of interactive Lucid identification keys to species
Authors: van Noort Simon , Goulet Henri 
Published: November 2015

Afrotremex Pasteels, 1951 is a rare genus of wasps endemic to the Afrotropical region, containing 6 species represented by 14 specimens. Specimens were previously only recorded from central Africa: Cameroon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon and Uganda.
Here we record two additional specimens housed in the Natural History Museum in London (BMNH), one of which is a male of A. xylophagus Goulet, 2014 collected in Ghana (previously Gold Coast). This record extends the known distribution of the genus into west Africa, and represents the second known male specimen for the genus. The other BMNH specimen is a female paratype of A. violaceus Pasteels, 1951 collected in the Democratic Republic of Congo. We provide high quality photographs of these additional two specimens. Images of all six known species are openly available online on WaspWeb. In addition we have developed interactive online Lucid Matrix and Lucid Phoenix identification keys to the species, which are openly available on WaspWeb at: http://www.waspweb.org/Siricoidea/Siricidae/Keys/index.htm
Supports of Extremal Doubly Stochastic Measures
Authors: Moameni Abbas 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA doubly stochastic measure on the unit square is a Borel probability measure whose horizontal and vertical marginals both coincide with the Lebesgue measure. The set of doubly stochasticmeasures is convex and compact so its extremal points are of particular interest. The problem number 111 of Birkhoò is to provide a necessary and suõcient condition on the support of a doubly stochastic measure to guarantee extremality. It was proved by Beneš and Štepán that an extremal doubly stochastic measure is concentrated on a set which admits an aperiodic decomposition. Hestir and Williams later found a necessary condition which is nearly sufficient by further refining the aperiodic structure of the support of extremal doubly stochastic measures. Our objective in this work is to provide a more practical necessary and nearly sufficient condition for a set to support an extremal doubly stochastic measure
Efficient Operator Marching Method for Analyzing Crossed Arrays of Cylinders
Authors: Wu Yu Mao , Lu Ya Yan 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPeriodic structures involving crossed arrays of cylinders appear as special three-dimensional photonic crystals and cross-stacked gratings. Such a structure consists of a number of layers where each layer is periodic in one spatial direction and invariant in another direction. They are relatively simple to fabricate and have found valuable applications. For analyzing scattering properties of such structures, general computational electromagnetics methods can certainly be used, but special methods that take advantage of the geometric features are often much more efficient. In this paper, an efficient method based on operators mapping electromagnetic field components between two spatial directions is developed to analyze structures with crossed arrays of circular cylinders. The method is much simpler than an earlier method based on similar ideas, and it does not require evaluating slowly converging lattice sums.