bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of mulberry–soybean intercropping in salt–alkali soil impacts the diversity of the soil bacterial community
Authors: Li Xin , Sun Minglong , Zhang Huihui , Xu Nan , Sun Guangyu 
Published: February 2016

SummaryDiverse intercropping system has been used to control disease and improve productivity in the field. In this research, the bacterial communities in salt–alkali soils of monoculture and intercropping mulberry and soybean were studied using 454‐pyrosequencing of the 16S rDNA gene. The dominant taxonomic groups were Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Bacteroidetes, Planctomycetes and Gemmatimonadetes and these were present across all samples. However, the diversity and composition of bacterial communities varied between monoculture and intercropping samples. The estimated bacterial diversity (H') was higher with intercropping soybean than in monoculture soybean, whereas H' showed an opposite pattern in monoculture and intercropping mulberry. Populations of Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Proteobacteria were variable, depending on growth of plants as monoculture or intercropped. Most of Actinobacteria and Chloroflexi were found in intercropping samples, while Acidobacteria and Proteobacteria were present at a higher percentage in monoculture samples. The plant diversity of aboveground and microbial diversity of belowground was linked and soil pH seemed to influence the bacterial community. Finally, the specific plant species was the major factor that determined the bacterial community in the salt–alkali soils.
A Whole Plant Herbaceous Angiosperm from the Middle Jurassic of China
Authors: Gang HAN , Zhongjian LIU , Xueling LIU , Limi MAO , JACQUES Frédéric M.B. , Xin WANG 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn contrast to woody habit with secondary growth, truthful herbaceous habit lacking secondary growth is restricted to angiosperms among seed plants. Although angiosperms might have occurred as early as in the Triassic and herbaceous habit theoretically may have been well adopted by pioneer angiosperms, pre‐Cretaceous herbs are missing hitherto, leaving the origin of herbs and evolution of herbaceous angiosperms mysterious. Here we report Juraherba bodae gen. et sp. nov, a whole plant herbaceous angiosperm, from the Middle Jurassic (>164 Ma) at Daohugou Village, Inner Mongolia, China, a fossil Lagerstätten that is worldwide famous for various fossil finds. The angiospermous affinity of Juraherba is ensured by its enclosed ovules/seeds. The plant is small but complete, with physically connected hairy root, stem, leaves, and fructifications. The Middle Jurassic age recommends Juraherba as the earliest record of herbaceous seed plants, demanding a refresh look at the evolutionary history of angiosperms.
Research on Dinoasur Footprints in Zizhou, Shaanxi Province, China
Authors: Baopeng WANG , Jianjun LI , Zhiqiang BAI , Junmin GAO , Shurong DONG , Bailin HU , Suiqin ZHAO , Jieqiong CHANG 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn recent years, the discoveries of dinosaur footprints have been successively reported from Dianshi Town, Zizhou City, Shaanxi Province. The footprints include the tracks of theropod, ornithopod and sauropod as well. Actually, the dinosaur footprints were found by local inhabitants much earlier in history, but not for science. The slabs bearing the dinosaur footprints were collected for domestic use, such as building stones, millstones, cellar covers, sheepfold fences, windlass holders, etc. This paper is to describe the dinosaur footprints on both sides of three slabs used for cellar covers, sheepfold fences and windlass holders by the local people. 24 dinosaur footprints and 4 trackways have been recognized and all of them belong to theropod. Four kinds of dinosaur footprints are identified, including 1 new ichnogenus and 2 new ichnospecies: (1) Shanbeipus caudatus ichnogen. et ichnosp. nov.; (2) Pengxianpus yulinensis ichnosp. nov.; (3) Eubrontes ichnosp; (4) Kayentapus ichnosp. Dinosaur‐footprint‐bearing beds were initially identified as the Fuxian Formation of the Lower Jurassic. Multipal dinosaur footprints associated with fragment plant fossils suggest a humid fluvio‐lacustrine environment setting in the Ordos Basin during the early period of the Jurassic.
Discovering Crustal Deformation Bands by Processing Regional Gravity Field
Authors: Wencai YANG , Yanyun SUN 
Published: February 2016

AbstractObjectives: This article presents a new computational procedure to discover scratches buried in the earth's crust. We also validate this new interdisciplinary analysis method with regional gravity data located in a well‐known Dabie orogenic zone for test.Methods: Based on the scratch analysis method evolved with mathematical morphology of surfaces, we present a procedure that extracts information of the crustal scratches from regional gravity data. Because the crustal scratches are positively and highly correlated to crustal deformation bands, it can be used for delineation of the crustal deformation belts. The scratches can be quantitatively characterized by calculation of the ridge coefficient function, whose high value traces delineate the deformation bands hidden in the regional gravity field. In addition, because the degree of crustal deformation is an important indicator of tectonic unit divisions, so the crust can be further divided according to the degree of crustal deformation into some tectonic units by using the ridge coefficient data, providing an objective base map for earth scientists to build tectonic models with quantitative evidence.Results: After the ridge coefficients are calculated, we can further enhance the boundary of high ridge‐coefficient blocks, resulting in the so‐called ridge‐edge coefficient function. The high‐value ridge‐edge coefficients are well correlated with the edge faults of tectonic units underlay, providing accurate positioning of the base map for compilation of regional tectonic maps. In order to validate this new interdisciplinary analysis method, we select the Dabie orogenic zone as a pilot area for test, where rock outcrops are well exposed on the surface and detailed geological and geophysical surveys have been carried out. Tests show that the deformation bands and the tectonic units, which are conformed by tectonic scientists based on surface observations, are clearly displayed on the ridge and ridge‐edge coefficient images obtained in this article. Moreover, these computer‐generated images provide more accurate locations and geometric details.Conclusions: This work demonstrates that application of modern mathematical tools can promote the quantitative degree in research of modern geosciences, helping to open a door to develop a new branch of mathematical tectonics.
Changes in Relative Plate Motion during the Isan Orogeny (1670–1500 Ma) and Implications for Pre‐Rodinia Reconstructions
Authors: ABU SHARIB A. S. A. A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractFoliation inflexion/intersection axes (FIAs) preserved within porphyroblasts that grew throughout Isan orogenesis reveal significant anticlockwise changes in the direction of bulk horizontal shortening between 1670 and 1500 Ma from NE–SW, N–S, E–W to NW–SE. This implies an anticlockwise shift in relative plate motion with time during the Isan orogeny. Dating monazite grains amongst the axial planar foliations defining three of the four FIAs enabled an age for the periods of relative plate motion that produced these structures to be determined. Averaging the ages from monazite grains defining each FIA set revealed 1649±12 Ma for NE–SW shortening, 1645±7 Ma for N–S shortening, and 1591±10 Ma for that directed E‐W. Inclusion trail asymmetries indicate shear senses of top to the SW for NW–SE FIAs and dominantly top to the N for E–W FIAs, reflecting thrusting towards the SW and N. No evidence for tectonism related to early NE–SW bulk horizontal shortening has previously been detected in the Mount Isa Inlier. Amalgamation of the Broken Hill and possibly the Gawler provinces with the Mount Isa province may have taken place during these periods of NE–SW and N–S‐directed thrusting as the ages of tectonism are similar. Overlapping dates, tectonic, metamorphic, and metallogenic similarities between eastern Australia (Mount Isa and Broken Hill terranes) and the southwest part of Laurentia imply a most probable connection between both continental masses. Putting Australia in such position with respect to North America during the Late‐Paleo‐to‐Mesoproterozoic time is consistent with the AUSWUS model of the Rodinia supercontinent.
Geochemistry and Genesis of Iron‐apatite Ore in the Khanlogh Deposit, Eastern Cenozoic Quchan‐Sabzevar Magmatic Arc, NE Iran
Authors: ZAREI Arezo , SHAFAROUDI Azadeh Malekzadeh , KARIMPOUR Mohammad Hassan 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe Khanlogh deposit in the Cenozoic Quchan‐Sabzevar magmatic belt, NE Iran, is hosted by Oligocene granodioritic rock. The Khanlogh intrusive body is I‐type granitoid of the calc‐alkaline series. The orebodies are vein, veinlet, massive, and breccia in shape and occur along the fault zones and fractures within the host rock. Ore minerals dominantly comprise magnetite and apatite associated with epidote, clinopyroxene, calcite, quartz, and chlorite. Apatites of the Khanlogh deposit have a high concentration of REE, and show a strong LREE/HREE ratio with a pronounced negative Eu anomaly. Magnetites have a high concentration of REE and show weak to moderate LREE/HREE fractionation. They are comparable to the REE patterns in Kiruna‐type iron ores and show an affinity to calc‐alkaline magmas. The Khanlogh deposit is similar in the aspects of host rock lithology, alteration, mineralogy, and mineral chemistry to the Kiruna‐type deposits. Field observations, hydrothermal alteration halos, style of mineralization, and the geochemical characteristics of apatite, magnetite, and host rock indicate that these magnetite veins have hydrothermal origin similar to Cenozoic Kiruna‐type deposits within the Tarom subzone, NW Iran, and are not related to silica‐iron oxide immiscibility, as are the major Precambrian magnetite deposits in central Iran.
Sedimentary Microfacies and Porosity Modeling of Deep‐Water Sandy Debris Flows by Combining Sedimentary Patterns with Seismic Data: An Example from Unit I of Gas Field A, South China Sea
Authors: Shengli LI , Xinghe YU , Jianli JIN 
Published: February 2016

AbstractSandy debris flow deposits are present in Unit I during Miocene of Gas Field A in the Baiyun Depression of the South China Sea. The paucity of well data and the great variability of the sedimentary microfacies make it difficult to identify and predict the distribution patterns of the main gas reservoir, and have seriously hindered further exploration and development of the gas field. Therefore, making full use of the available seismic data is extremely important for predicting the spatial distribution of sedimentary microfacies when constructing three‐dimensional reservoir models. A suitable reservoir modeling strategy or workflow controlled by sedimentary microfacies and seismic data has been developed. Five types of seismic attributes were selected to correlate with the sand percentage, and the root mean square (RMS) amplitude performed the best The relation between the RMS amplitude and the sand percentage was used to construct a reservoir sand distribution map. Three types of main sedimentary microfacies were identified: debris channels, fan lobes, and natural levees. Using constraints from the sedimentary microfacies boundaries, a sedimentary microfacies model was constructed using the sequential indicator and assigned value simulation methods. Finally, reservoir models of physical properties for sandy debris flow deposits controlled by sedimentary microfacies and seismic inversion data were established. Property cutoff values were adopted because the sedimentary microfacies and the reservoir properties from well‐logging interpretation are intrinsically different. Selection of appropriate reservoir property cutoffs is a key step in reservoir modeling when using simulation methods based on sedimentary microfacies control. When the abnormal data are truncated and the reservoir properties probability distribution fits a normal distribution, microfacies‐controlled reservoir property models are more reliable than those obtained from the sequence Gauss simulation method. The cutoffs for effective porosity of the debris channel, fan lobe, and natural levee facies were 0.2, 0.09, and 0.12, respectively; the corresponding average effective porosities were 0.24, 0.13, and 0.15. The proposed modeling method makes full use of seismic attributes and seismic inversion data, and also makes the property data of single‐well depositional microfacies more conformable to a normal distribution with geological significance. Thus, the method allows use of more reliable input data when we construct a model of a sandy debris flow.
Hydrogeochemical and Isotopic Study of Groundwater in a Semi‐arid Region: Yeniceoba Plain (Cihanbeyli‐KONYA), Central Anatolia, Turkey
Authors: BOZDAĞ Ayla , GÖÇMEZ Güler 
Published: February 2016

AbstractGroundwater is the most important source of water supply in the Yeniceoba Plain in Central Anatolia, Turkey. An understanding of the geochemical evolution of groundwater is important for the sustainable development of water resources in this region. A hydrogeochemical investigation was conducted in the Plio‐Quaternary aquifer system using stable isotopes (δ18O and δD), tritium (3H), major and minor elements (Ca, Na, K, Mg, Cl, SO4, NO3, HCO3 and Br) in order to identify groundwater chemistry patterns and the processes affecting groundwater mineralization in this system. The chemical data reveal that the chemical composition of groundwater in this aquifer system is mainly controlled by rock/water interactions including dissolution of evaporitic minerals, weathering of silicates, precipitation/dissolution of carbonates, ion exchange, and evaporation. Based on the values of Cl/Br ratio (> 300 mg/l) in the Plio‐Quaternary groundwater, dissolution of evaporitic minerals in aquifer contributes significantly to the high mineralization. The stable isotope analyses indicate that the groundwater in the system was influenced by evaporation of rainfall during infiltration. Low tritium values (generally <1 tritium units) of groundwater reflect a minor contribution of recent recharge and groundwater residence times of more than three or four decades.
Effects of Material Composition and Water Content on the Mechanical Properties of Landslide Deposits Triggered by the Wenchuan Earthquake
Authors: Jiawen ZHOU , Peng CUI , Xingguo YANG 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAbundant landslide deposits were triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake, providing a rich source of material for subsequent debris flows or slope failures under rainfall conditions. A good understanding of the physical and mechanical properties of the landslide deposits is very important to the research on slope failure mechanisms and the initiation of debris flow. Laboratory biaxial compression tests are used to study the material compositions and water content impacts on the mechanical properties of landslide deposits, and a discrete element method (a bond‐contact model) is used to study the particle stiffness, bond force, friction coefficient and confining stress impact on the mechanical behaviors and the relationships between the numerical and experimental parameters. The experimental results show that the failure stress of landslide deposits is decreased with increasing content of fine particles and also with increased water content, especially at the initial increasing stage. Cohesion of the saturated landslide deposits is increased, but the friction angle is decreased with the increase in the fine particle content. Shear strength parameters (the cohesion and friction angle) are decreased with the increasing water content at the initial increasing stage, and then, they slowly decrease. There is a critical value of the water content at 5%‐7% (in weight) for the failure stress and shear strength parameters of the landslide deposits. Quadratic equations are presented to describe the relation between the bond force and cohesion, and the numerical friction coefficient and the experimental friction angle.
Velocity and Structural Modeling of Mesozoic Chiltan Limestone and Goru Formation for Hydrocarbon Evaluation in the Bitrisim Area, Lower Indus Basin, Pakistan
Authors: KHAN Sarfraz , LATIF Zahid , HANIF Muhammad , JAN Irfan U. , IQBAL Shahid 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe present study focuses on building a workflow for structural interpretation and velocity modeling and implementing to Jurassic‐Cretaceous succession (Chiltan Limestone and Massive sand of the Lower Goru Formation). 2D‐Migrated seismic sections of the area are used as data set and in order to confirm the presence of hydrocarbons in the study area, P and S‐wave seismic velocities are estimated from single‐component seismic data. Some specific issues in the use of seismic data for modeling and hydrocarbon evaluation need to deal with including distinguishing the reservoir and cap rocks, and the effects of faults, folds and presence of hydrocarbons on these rocks. This study has carried out the structural interpretation and modeling of the seismic data for the identification of traps. The results demonstrate existence of appropriate structural traps in the form of horst and grabens in the area. 2D and 3D velocity modeling of the horizons indicates the presence of high velocity zones in the eastern half of the study while relatively low velocity zones are encountered in the western half of the area. Two wells were drilled in the study area (i.e. Fateh‐01 and Ichhri‐01) and both are dry. Immature hydrocarbons migration is considered as a failure reason for Fateh‐01 and Ichhri‐01 well.
Reefs in the Early Paleozoic Taebaek Group, Korea: A Review
Authors: Jeong‐Hyun LEE , Jongsun HONG , Jusun WOO , Jae‐Ryong OH , Dong‐Jin LEE , Suk‐Joo CHOH 
Published: February 2016

AbstractVarious early Paleozoic (Cambrian Series 3–Middle Ordovician) reefs are found in the Taebaek Group, eastern Korea, located in the eastern margin of the Sino‐Korean Block. They occur in every carbonate‐dominant lithostratigraphic unit of the group, but their morphology and composition differ markedly. The Daegi Formation (middle Cambrian: Cambrian Series 3) contains siliceous sponge‐Epiphytonreefs formed in a shallow subtidal environment, which is one of the earliest metazoan‐bearing microbial reefs after the archaeocyath extinction. The Hwajeol Formation (upper Cambrian: Furongian) encloses sporadic dendrolites consisting ofAngulocellularia, which developed in a relatively deep subtidal environment, representing a rare deeper water example. The onset of the Ordovician radiation resulted in the formation of microbialite–Archaeoscyphia–calathiid patch reefs in shallow subtidal deposits of the Lower Ordovician Dumugol Formation. Subsequent late Early Ordovician relative sea‐level fall established extensive peritidal environments, forming microbial mats and stromatolites of the Lower–Middle Ordovician Makgol Formation. Ensuing Ordovician radiation resulted in one of the earliest metazoan skeletal reefs of the Middle Ordovician Duwibong Formation, constructed by stromatoporoidCystostromaand bryozoanNicholsonella, and developed around shallow shoals. These reefs reflect ongoing evolution and sea‐level change during the early Paleozoic, and exemplify a rare glimpse of peri‐Gondwanan records of reef evolution, which warrant detailed investigations and comparison with their counterparts in other regions.
Efficacy and safety of chronomodulated chemotherapy for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Huang Yuanwei , Yu Qiuyan , Liu Yan , Zhu Zhenli , Wang Li , Wang Haidong , Li Ke 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAimChronomodulated chemotherapy has been reported to be superior to conventional chemotherapy, but the results from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are inconsistent. We performed a meta‐analysis to summarize the efficacy and safety of chronomodulated chemotherapy for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.MethodsA literature search for relevant RCTs comparing the efficacy and safety of chronomodulated chemotherapy and conventional chemotherapy was performed. The main outcomes were overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR) and toxicity (grade 3/4), which included vomiting and nausea, diarrhea, mucositis, neutropenia and peripheral sensory neuropathy. Pooled relative risks (RRs) and hazard ratios (HRs) with their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were estimated.ResultsSix RCTs involving 1347 patients were included. Chronomodulated chemotherapy showed no advantages for OS (HR = 0.95; 95% CI, 0.84–1.08; P = 0.463) or ORR (RR = 1.06; 95% CI, 0.81–1.39; P = 0.499). The two groups were similar in terms of grade 3/4 vomiting and nausea (RR = 1.02; 95% CI, 0.78–1.35; P = 0.872), diarrhea (RR = 1.44; 95% CI, 0.87–2.36; P = 0.149) or peripheral sensory neuropathy (RR = 0.86; 95% CI, 0.56–1.34; P = 0.512), whereas decreased risks of mucositis (RR = 0.31; 95% CI, 0.14–0.66; P = 0.000) and neutropenia (RR = 0.40; 95% CI, 0.27–0.57; P = 0.000) were observed in chronomodulated chemotherapy.ConclusionChronomodulated chemotherapy may be favorable to reduce the risks of certain side effects, but there is no current evidence for improvement in OS or ORR. Our analysis suggests that the available data does not support the use of chronomodulated chemotherapy.
Fyn Plays a Pivotal Role in Fetomaternal Tolerance Through Regulation of Th17 Cells
Authors: Liu Qian , Tian Fu‐ju , Xie Qing‐zhen , Zhang Jun , Liu Liu , Yang Jing 
Published: February 2016

ProblemSpontaneous abortion is a poorly understood phenomenon, although fetomaternal intolerance is known to play an important role in its pathogenesis. The tyrosine‐specific phosphotransferase Fyn has been reported as a significant regulator in immune response. However, its role in fetomaternal immune tolerance and contribution to spontaneous abortion remains unclear.Methods of studyFyn expression was evaluated at the fetomaternal interface of normal pregnant and abortion‐prone mice, as well as in decidual tissue obtained from normal human pregnancies and idiopathic miscarriages. A Fyn inhibitor was administrated into the LPS‐induced abortion mice to investigate the variation of embryo resorption and local immunity.ResultsFyn expression fluctuated with the progress of normal pregnancy and was elevated in abortion‐prone mice and patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion. The Fyn inhibitor reversed LPS‐induced embryo absorption and aberrant inflammatory status including redundant expression of IRF4 and increased proportion of Th17 cells.ConclusionFyn is confirmed as a negative regulator in fetomaternal immune tolerance, through promoting Th17 cell expansion and proinflammatory factors expression.