bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die Post-Alemtuzumab-Therapie-induzierte Schilddrüsendysfunktion bei schubförmig-remittierender MS (RRMS) – ein variantenreiches Krankheitsbild auf einem interdisziplinären Terrain
Authors: Goischke Hans-Klaus 
Published: September 2017

ZusammenfassungAlemtuzumab-induzierte Schilddrüsendysfunktionen (engl.: Alemtuzumab-induced thyroid dysfunction; AITD) können die Lebensqualität von MS-Patienten wesentlich beeinträchtigen, wenn diese Nebenwirkung nicht rechtzeitig erkannt und adäquat von allen Fachrichtungen reagiert wird. Vor Alemtuzumab-Therapie sollten der TSH-Spiegel und die Schilddrüsen-AK untersucht werden. Bei Nachweis von TPO-AK vor Beginn der Behandlung betrug das Risiko 69 %, eine AITD zu entwickeln im Vergleich zu TPO-negativen Patienten mit nur 31 %.Trotzdem waren 85 %, die eine AITD später entwickelten, vor Therapie TPO-AK-negativ, sodass AK-Negativität basal kein Schutz vor AITD darstellt. Deshalb müssen die periodischen Tests streng durchgeführt werden. Eine interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit von Neurologen, Internisten (Endokrinologen) und Gynäkologen führt zum rechtzeitigen Erkennen des variantenreichen klinischen Verlaufes bei wechselnden biochemischen Befunden mit entsprechenden diagnostischen und therapeutischen Konsequenzen. Da die klinischen Symptome der Hypothyreose/Hyperthyreose sich mit denen der MS überschneiden können, ist die Bestimmung von laborchemischen Parametern auch im Verlauf rechtzeitig unerlässlich, insbesondere bei graviden Patientinnen. Durch die kostengünstige und gut verträgliche Add-on-Therapie mit Vitamin D mit multiplen Zielwirkungen – 1. auf die AITD, 2. auf die Reduktion der Krankheitsaktivität und 3. auf die positive Beeinflussung einer Gravidität (Verringerung einer niedrigen Geburtsgewichts-, Eklampsie- und Frühgeburtenrate, Reduktion der Übertragung der MS auf die Nachkommenschaft) – sollte trotz noch offener Fragen den Betroffenen die Chance zur Minderung der Progression nicht verwehrt werden. Der Arzt spielt eine wichtige Rolle in der Stärkung der Fähigkeit der Patienten, ihre eigene Krankheit zu managen, um die Krankheitsprogression zu vermindern. Im Arzt-Patienten-Gespräch sollte die Reduzierung von Risikofaktoren (z.B. Vit.-D-Mangel) thematisiert werden. Ein Engagement für ein optimales interdisziplinäres Management mit Therapieindividualisierung und Reduzierung von Arzneimittelnebenwirkungen verbessert die Lebensqualität von MS-Patienten.
Schlichtungsverfahren nach Mammaaugmentationen – eine
Analyse der Eingriffe mit Behandlungsfehler und Haftungsanspruch der
Norddeutschen Schlichtungsstelle
Authors: Allert Sixtus , Flechtner Celeste , Vogt Peter M. , Herold Christian 
Published: September 2017

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Als Deutschlands größte Schlichtungsstelle ist die
Schlichtungsstelle für Arzthaftpflichtfragen der norddeutschen Ärztekammern,
kurz: Norddeutsche Schlichtungsstelle für insgesamt zehn Bundesländer zuständig
(Berlin, Brandenburg, Bremen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen,
Sachsen-Anhalt, das Saarland, Schleswig-Holstein Anhalt, das Saarland,
Schleswig-Holstein und Thüringen) zuständig. Ihr Datenmaterial bietet Einsicht
in die Fehlerquellen von Behandlungsabläufen bei Mammaaugmentationen.
Material und Methodik Analysiert wurden Antragsschreiben der Patientinnen,
im Auftrag der Schlichtungsstellte von unabhängigen Ärzten erstellte Gutachten
und die abschließenden Schlichtungsbescheide der 66 von der Norddeutschen
Schlichtungsstelle in den Jahren 2000 bis 2007 geführte Schlichtungsverfahren
nach Mammaaugmentationen. Um mögliche juristische Auseinandersetzungen
abzuwarten, verstrich eine Fünfjahresfrist. Diese Daten ermöglichen die
Untersuchung jedes Falles aus unterschiedlichen Perspektiven. Für die
Auswertungen wurde zudem auf die von der Schlichtungsstelle im
MERS-Kodierungssystem (Medical Error Reporting System) eingepflegten
statistischen Daten zurückgegriffen.
Ergebnisse Der Anteil der Fälle, in denen die Kausalität zwischen einem
Behandlungsfehler und einem Gesundheitsschaden bejaht und damit ein
Haftungsanspruch des Patienten gegenüber dem Arzt bestätigt wurde, liegt bei
44 % und somit über der durchschnittlichen Quote von ca. 24 % in den gesamten
Schlichtungsverfahren der Norddeutschen Schlichtungsstelle. Unter den 66 Fällen
nach Mammaaugmentationen fanden sich 29 Eingriffe mit Haftungsanspruch (FMH). In
86 % dieser Fälle lagen nach Auffassung der Gutachter Mängel bei der OP-Planung
und -Durchführung vor, insbesondere bei der OP Planung (72 %) und Schnittführung
(45 %). Die am häufigsten vorgetragenen Mängel laut Gutachter waren eine falsche
Präparation der Implantattasche (28 %), Wahl der falschen Operationsmethode
(31 %), falsche Implantatgröße (17 %), sowie ausgelassenen Straffung bei
ptotischer Brust, ebenso wie fehlende Nachvollziehbarkeit, warum zweizeitig
operiert wurde (je 10 %). Die Patientinnen störten sich am häufigsten an
Asymmetrien (79 %) oder der Implantatlage (62 %), die Brustgröße gefiel 38 % der
Patientinnen postoperativ nicht.
Diskussion Bei Mammaaugmentationen handelt es sich häufig um
Selbstzahlereingriffe, und die Erwartungshaltung der Patientinnen an das
Ergebnis ist hoch. Entsprechend hoch sind die Anforderungen an den Plastischen
Chirurgen bei Planung, Durchführung und Nachsorge dieser Eingriffe.
Zunahme der Selbstpflege statt der Widerstandsbereitschaft bei Belastungen: Haupt- oder Nebenwirkung in der medizinisch–beruflich orientierten psychosomatischen Rehabilitation?
Authors: Wasilewski Janice , Otto Josephine , Linden Michael 
Published: September 2017

ZusammenfassungIn der beruflich orientierten psychosomatischen Rehabilitation sollen Patienten u. a. lernen, ihre Widerstands- und Durchhaltefähigkeit, d. h. Resistenz gegenüber beruflichen Stressoren zu erhöhen, als eine Voraussetzung für eine verbesserte berufliche Leistungsfähigkeit. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde untersucht, wie sich die Resistenzorientierung im Verlauf einer stationären Rehabilitationsmaßnahme verändert und wie dies mit der Arbeitsfähigkeit bei Entlassung korreliert. Zugleich wurde auch erfasst, wie sich die Tendenz verändert, bei Belastung zunächst an Selbstpflege und Stressvermeidung, d. h. Regeneration zu denken. Es wurden 121 unausgewählte Patienten einer psychosomatischen Rehabilitationsklinik mit der ReRe-Skala (Resistenz-Regenerations-Skala) zu Beginn und Ende des Aufenthalts untersucht, einschließlich der Selbsteinschätzung der Arbeitsfähigkeit bei Entlassung. Im Prä-Post-Vergleich fand sich eine Abnahme der Resistenzorientierung und Zunahme der Regenerationsorientierung. Eine höhere Regenerationsorientierung war im Gegensatz zur Resistenzorientierung bei Entlassung mit einer höheren Bereitschaft zur Wiederaufnahme der Arbeit assoziiert. Die Abnahme der Resistenz- und deutliche Zunahme der Regenerationsorientierung im Verlauf einer medizinisch-beruflich orientierten Rehabilitation widerspricht auf den ersten Blick den Erwartungen und könnte sogar als Nebenwirkung eines Reha-Aufenthaltes verstanden werden. Bei Berücksichtigung des Endparameters Arbeitsfähigkeit scheint die Förderung von Selbstpflege und Regenerationsorientierung jedoch keine Nebenwirkung, sondern eine zielführende therapeutische Entwicklung zu sein. Die Ergebnisse werfen Fragen auf bzgl. der Therapiestrategien in der Behandlung von Stress im Allgemeinen, wie auch der medizinisch-beruflich orientierten Rehabilitation (MBOR) im Speziellen. Des Weiteren illustriert es die Problematik, was die Kriterien von Haupt- und Nebenwirkungen in der Psychotherapie sind.
Thinking hypothetically
Authors: Evans Jonathan St B. T. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
A remarkable feature of human intelligence is our ability to think hypothetically. We can imagine how things might be in the future and how they might have turned out differently in the past. Imagination plays an important role in science, arts, and engineering, and is fundamental to rational decision making. A hypothesis is a supposition concerning some aspect of the world about us. Developing and testing hypotheses in an informal way is part of our everyday thinking. ‘Thinking hypothetically’ discusses hypothesis testing and scientific reasoning, introducing the concept of the mental model. It also discusses the Wason selection task—probably the most famous problem in the psychology of reasoning—as well as causal and counterfactual reasoning.
Decision making
Authors: Evans Jonathan St B. T. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
We make a decision every time that we do something when we could have done something else, but most of these decisions are habitual and require little thought. ‘Decision making’ explains that hypothetical thinking is essential to deliberative decision making. The psychology of decision making has been much influenced by the study of economics, which provides a theory of rational decision making. This theory requires that people project future consequences of their choices, estimating probabilities and values and generally choosing the options with the best (mathematically) expected value. Against this we have a wealth of psychological evidence that both decision making and probability judgement are subject to a whole host of cognitive biases.
A new haplotype block detection method for dense genome sequencing data based on interval graph modeling of clusters of highly correlated SNPs
Authors: Kim Sun Ah , Cho Chang-Sung , Kim Suh-Ryung , Bull Shelley B , Yoo Yun Joo 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Motivation
Linkage disequilibrium (LD) block construction is required for research in population genetics and genetic epidemiology, including specification of sets of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for analysis of multi-SNP based association and identification of haplotype blocks in high density sequencing data. Existing methods based on a narrow sense definition do not allow intermediate regions of low LD between strongly associated SNP pairs and tend to split high density SNP data into small blocks having high between-block correlation.

Results
We present Big-LD, a block partition method based on interval graph modeling of LD bins which are clusters of strong pairwise LD SNPs, not necessarily physically consecutive. Big-LD uses an agglomerative approach that starts by identifying small communities of SNPs, i.e. the SNPs in each LD bin region, and proceeds by merging these communities. We determine the number of blocks using a method to find maximum-weight independent set. Big-LD produces larger LD blocks compared to existing methods such as MATILDE, Haploview, MIG ++, or S-MIG ++ and the LD blocks better agree with recombination hotspot locations determined by sperm-typing experiments. The observed average runtime of Big-LD for 13 288 240 non-monomorphic SNPs from 1000 Genomes Project autosome data (286 East Asians) is about 5.83 h, which is a significant improvement over the existing methods.

Availability and implementation
Source code and documentation are available for download at http://github.com/sunnyeesl/BigLD.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
diffloop: a computational framework for identifying and analyzing differential DNA loops from sequencing data
Authors: Lareau Caleb A , Aryee Martin J 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Summary
The 3D architecture of DNA within the nucleus is a key determinant of interactions between genes, regulatory elements, and transcriptional machinery. As a result, differences in DNA looping structure are associated with variation in gene expression and cell state. To systematically assess changes in DNA looping architecture between samples, we introduce diffloop, an R/Bioconductor package that provides a suite of functions for the quality control, statistical testing, annotation, and visualization of DNA loops. We demonstrate this functionality by detecting differences between ENCODE ChIA-PET samples and relate looping to variability in epigenetic state.

Availability and implementation
Diffloop is implemented as an R/Bioconductor package available at https://bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/diffloop.html

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Expression of KIR2DS1 does not significantly contribute to NK cell cytotoxicity in HLA-C1/C2 heterozygous haplotype B donors
Authors: Baltner Karla , Kübler Ayline , Pal Marina , Balvočiūte Monika , Mezger Markus , Handgretinger Rupert , André Maya C 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
NK cells are functionally controlled by the killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) family that comprises inhibitory (iKIR) and activating (aKIR) members. Genetic association studies suggest that donors expressing aKIRs next to iKIRs will be superior donors in the setting of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation of patients with leukemia. However, contrary evidence states that aKIR expression may be irrelevant or even detrimental. Using a complex methodology incorporating KIR-Q-PCR, double fluorescence and viSNE analysis, we characterized subset distribution patterns and functionality in haplotype A donors which lack aKIRs and haplotype B donors that express a variety of B-specific genes. Here, we show that the alloreactive KIR2DS1+ NK cell subset in HLA-C1/C2 donors is highly responsive towards C2-expressing targets but quantitatively small and as such does not significantly contribute to cytotoxicity. Thus, we fail to find a direct link between haplotype allocation status and NK cell cytotoxicity at least in HLA-C1/C2 heterozygous donors.
DataMed – an open source discovery index for finding biomedical datasets
Authors: Chen Xiaoling , Gururaj Anupama E , Ozyurt Burak , Liu Ruiling , Soysal Ergin , Cohen Trevor , Tiryaki Firat , Li Yueling , Zong Nansu , Jiang Min , Rogith Deevakar , Salimi Mandana , Kim Hyeon-eui , Rocca-Serra Philippe , Gonzalez-Beltran Alejandra , Farcas Claudiu , Johnson Todd , Margolis Ron , Alter George , Sansone Susanna-Assunta , Fore Ian M , Ohno-Machado Lucila , Grethe Jeffrey S , Xu Hua 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectiveFinding relevant datasets is important for promoting data reuse in the biomedical domain, but it is challenging given the volume and complexity of biomedical data. Here we describe the development of an open source biomedical data discovery system called DataMed, with the goal of promoting the building of additional data indexes in the biomedical domain.Materials and MethodsDataMed, which can efficiently index and search diverse types of biomedical datasets across repositories, is developed through the National Institutes of Health–funded biomedical and healthCAre Data Discovery Index Ecosystem (bioCADDIE) consortium. It consists of 2 main components: (1) a data ingestion pipeline that collects and transforms original metadata information to a unified metadata model, called DatA Tag Suite (DATS), and (2) a search engine that finds relevant datasets based on user-entered queries. In addition to describing its architecture and techniques, we evaluated individual components within DataMed, including the accuracy of the ingestion pipeline, the prevalence of the DATS model across repositories, and the overall performance of the dataset retrieval engine.Results and ConclusionOur manual review shows that the ingestion pipeline could achieve an accuracy of 90% and core elements of DATS had varied frequency across repositories. On a manually curated benchmark dataset, the DataMed search engine achieved an inferred average precision of 0.2033 and a precision at 10 (P@10, the number of relevant results in the top 10 search results) of 0.6022, by implementing advanced natural language processing and terminology services. Currently, we have made the DataMed system publically available as an open source package for the biomedical community.
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis and malignancy
Authors: Wester Trejo Maria A.C. , Bajema Ingeborg M. , van Daalen Emma E. 
Published: September 2017

Purpose of review
Patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) have an increased malignancy risk compared with the general population. This review aims to evaluate recent evidence for changes in the incidence of malignancy in patients with AAV and to examine explanations for the association between AAV and malignancy.

Recent findings
The overall malignancy risk in patients with AAV has decreased, most likely as a result of recent changes in therapeutic regimen, that is, a decrease in the exposure to cyclophosphamide. The risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC), however, remains increased, which is probably attributable to treatment with azathioprine. Malignancy risk in patients with AAV treated with rituximab was found to be lower than in cyclophosphamide-treated patients. The incidence of malignancy prior to AAV is not increased compared with the general population.

Summary
Continuing efforts to reduce the exposure to cyclophosphamide have led to a decrease in malignancy risk in patients with AAV, except for NMSC. Rituximab could be a well tolerated alternative for cyclophosphamide regarding the development of malignancies.
OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY FEATURES OF ANGIOID STREAKS
Authors: Corbelli Eleonora , Carnevali Adriano , Marchese Alessandro , Cicinelli Maria Vittoria , Querques Lea , Sacconi Riccardo , Bandello Francesco , Querques Giuseppe 
Published: September 2017

Purpose:
To analyze the optical coherence tomography angiography features of eyes affected with angioid streaks (AS) and to evaluate their ability to predict choroidal neovascularization (CNV) activity.

Methods:
Angioid streaks were individuated from a pool of consecutive patients. Eyes with and without CNV were evaluated by multimodal imaging.

Results:
Thirty-eight eyes of 19 consecutive patients diagnosed with AS were included. Thirty of 38 eyes with CNV and 8 of 38 eyes without CNV were included. In the majority of cases, CNV showed on optical coherence tomography angiography tangled appearance always associated with signs of neovascular inactivity on multimodal imaging (100%–0%, inactive-active, respectively). Choroidal neovascularization cases showing interlacing appearance were often associated with signs of neovascular activity on multimodal imaging (71.4%–28.6%, active-inactive, respectively). Optical coherence tomography angiography revealed a total of 27 AS, of which 20 appeared as a choriocapillary rarefaction, and in 7 AS, optical coherence tomography angiography choriocapillary segmentation revealed an irregular vascular network, possibly representing fibrovascular tissue over the crack-like breaks in Bruch membrane.

Conclusion:
Optical coherence tomography angiography is a noninvasive tool to detect the presence of CNV secondary to AS and to evaluate CNV activity. Optical coherence tomography angiography is able to add a novel element to the multimodal imaging characterization of AS.
Functional Morphology of the Lipid Layer of the Tear Film
Authors: Arita Reiko , Fukuoka Shima , Morishige Naoyuki 
Published: September 2017

Abstract:
Meibomian glands secrete the oily layer of the tear film, which prevents excessive evaporation of tear fluid. Dysfunction of meibomian glands is not only one of the causes of evaporative dry eye but also one of the main causes of entire dry eye. To understand the pathophysiology of meibomian gland dysfunction, it is important to evaluate both the morphology and function of the meibomian gland. We previously reported that meibography enabled visualization of the morphology of the meibomian gland. Meanwhile, tear interferometry was introduced as an evaluation method for the function of the meibomian gland. We combined observations of the oily layer and the aqueous layer of the tear film and found that a tear film compensatory system may work toward maintenance of tear film homeostasis. In this review, we describe both morphological evaluation systems for the meibomian gland, including noninvasive meibography, and functional evaluation systems, including tear interferometry. We further describe the morphological changes of the meibomian glands in various ocular surface diseases. Finally, we demonstrate the concept of a tear film compensatory system and propose a method for tear film component-oriented diagnosis.
Single-Pass 4-Throw Pupilloplasty for Pre-Descemet Endothelial Keratoplasty
Authors: Narang Priya , Agarwal Amar , Kumar Dhivya A. 
Published: September 2017

Purpose:
To describe the feasibility and applicability of the single-pass 4-throw pupilloplasty (SFT) technique in the Pre-Descemet endothelial keratoplasty (PDEK) procedure.

Methods:
In cases with endothelial decompensation and pupil deformity, SFT was performed to prevent the escape of air into the posterior segment. Fourier domain anterior segment optical coherence tomography was performed to analyze elevation of the iris and the suture tail end from the iris plane. In cases with aphakic bullous keratopathy, glued intrascleral (glued IOL) fixation was performed followed by SFT and PDEK, whereas in cases with pseudophakic bullous keratopathy due to malpositioned IOLs, the IOL was explanted followed by the glued IOL technique that was then followed by SFT with PDEK.

Results:
The procedure was performed in 9 eyes of 9 patients. The Fourier domain anterior segment optical coherence tomography image taken at the level of the iris demonstrated an elevation of the iris about 145 μm (longitudinal meridian, range 136–160 μm) and 165 μm (cross-section meridian, range 160–175 μm) from the adjoining iris plane. The end on view of the suture end was observed above the iris plane for about 47 μm (range 40–65 μm). Partial graft detachment was observed in 1 case. No incidence of primary graft failure or graft rejection during the entire follow-up period was reported in any of the eyes.

Conclusions:
SFT serves an effective technique for performing pupilloplasty in PDEK cases without the presence of a knot in the anterior chamber that poses a risk of mechanical damage to the donor graft.
The Glaucoma Italian Pediatric Study (GIPSy): 1-Year Results
Authors: Quaranta Luciano , Biagioli Elena , Riva Ivano , Galli Francesca , Poli Davide , Rulli Eliana , Katsanos Andreas , Longo Antonio , Uva Maurizio G. , Torri Valter , Weinreb Robert N. 
Published: September 2017

Purpose:
To investigate the efficacy and safety of a treatment strategy with latanoprost and dorzolamide in primary pediatric glaucoma patients partially responsive to surgery.

Patients and Methods:
Children with primary pediatric glaucoma having postsurgical untreated intraocular pressure (IOP) between 22 and 26 mm Hg were eligible. At baseline, patients were administered latanoprost once daily. Depending on IOP reduction, patients were allocated to continuation of latanoprost monotherapy or addition of dorzolamide twice daily, or switch to dorzolamide monotherapy 3 times daily. Patients in the dorzolamide monotherapy group with IOP reduction <20% from baseline were considered nonresponders. The primary endpoint was the percentage of responders. Study treatment continued for 3 years or until treatment failure. The present article reports the 1-year analysis results.

Results:
A total of 35 patients (57 eyes) were analyzed. The mean age was 4.0 years (SD, 3.8). In total, 51 eyes were included in the efficacy analysis. In total, 43 eyes (84.3%; 95% confidence interval, 74.3-94.3) were considered responders: 29 on latanoprost monotherapy, 11 on the latanoprost/dorzolamide combination, and only 3 on the dorzolamide monotherapy. The efficacy of pharmacological treatment was inversely related to the age at the time of surgery. IOP reduction was 8.7 mm Hg (SD, 2.2) for latanoprost, 7.5 mm Hg (SD, 1.4) for the latanoprost/dorzolamide combination, and 8.7 mm Hg (SD, 2.1) for the dorzolamide monotherapy. Only mild or moderate local adverse events were noted. None of the patients was withdrawn due to adverse events.

Conclusion:
Latanoprost alone or in combination with dorzolamide is safe and highly effective in lowering IOP in children postsurgery. Nonresponders were mainly patients with early presentation of the disease.