bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive impairment following hormone therapy: current opinion of research in breast and prostate cancer patients
Authors: Wu Lisa M. , Amidi Ali 
Published: December 2016

Purpose of review
Hormone therapy is a common cancer treatment that may be associated with numerous side and late effects, and in recent years, has been linked to changes in cognition. Here, we present the most important recent findings from empirical studies and reviews that have focused on the effects of hormone therapy on cognitive functioning in breast and prostate cancer populations, underline some general shortcomings, and propose directions for future research.

Recent findings
Recent research indicates that cognitive impairment may occur in breast and prostate cancer patients following onset of hormone therapy. However, because of methodological shortcomings and heterogeneity of current research, conclusions regarding the effects of hormone therapy on cognitive functions remain tentative.

Summary
The review highlights the general findings while also describing the many methodological shortcomings that need to be addressed in future research. It is clear that larger scale neuropsychological studies that also evaluate the impact of impairments on daily life functioning will improve our understanding of the effects of hormone therapy on cognition and inform the development of appropriate interventions.
Domestication impacts on plant–herbivore interactions: a meta-analysis
Authors: Whitehead Susan R. , Turcotte Martin M. , Poveda Katja 
Published: December 2016

For millennia, humans have imposed strong selection on domesticated crops, resulting in drastically altered crop phenotypes compared with wild ancestors. Crop yields have increased, but a long-held hypothesis is that domestication has also unintentionally decreased plant defences against herbivores. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a phylogenetically controlled meta-analysis comparing insect herbivore resistance and putative plant defence traits between crops and their wild relatives. Our database included 2098 comparisons made across 73 crops in 89 studies. We found that domestication consistently reduced plant resistance to herbivores, although the magnitude of the effects varied across plant organs and depended on how resistance was measured. However, domestication had no consistent effects on the specific plant defence traits underlying resistance, including secondary metabolites and physical feeding barriers. The values of these traits sometimes increased and sometimes decreased during domestication. Consistent negative effects of domestication were observed only when defence traits were measured in reproductive organs or in the plant organ that was harvested. These results highlight the complexity of evolution under domestication and the need for an improved theoretical understanding of the mechanisms through which agronomic selection can influence the species interactions that impact both the yield and sustainability of our food systems.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Human influences on evolution, and the ecological and societal consequences’.
Impact of regulatory variation across human iPSCs and differentiated cells
Authors: Banovich Nicholas E. , Li Yang I. , Raj Anil , Ward Michelle C. , Greenside Peyton , Calderon Diego , Tung Po Yuan , Burnett Jonathan E. , Myrthil Marsha , Thomas Samantha M. , Burrows Courtney K. , Gallego Romero Irene , Pavlovic Bryan J. , Kundaje Anshul , Pritchard Jonathan K. , Gilad Yoav 
Published: December 2016

AbstractInduced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are an essential tool for studying cellular differentiation and cell types that are otherwise difficult to access. We investigated the use of iPSCs and iPSC-derived cells to study the impact of genetic variation across different cell types and as models for studies of complex disease. We established a panel of iPSCs from 58 well-studied Yoruba lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs); 14 of these lines were further differentiated into cardiomyocytes. We characterized regulatory variation across individuals and cell types by measuring gene expression, chromatin accessibility and DNA methylation. Regulatory variation between individuals is lower in iPSCs than in the differentiated cell types, consistent with the intuition that developmental processes are generally canalized. While most cell type-specific regulatory quantitative trait loci (QTLs) lie in chromatin that is open only in the affected cell types, we found that 20% of cell type-specific QTLs are in shared open chromatin. Finally, we developed a deep neural network to predict open chromatin regions from DNA sequence alone and were able to use the sequences of segregating haplotypes to predict the effects of common SNPs on cell type-specific chromatin accessibility.
Geographical restructuring ofArabidopsis thaliana’s genetic makeup in the Iberian Peninsula due to climate change based on genetic cluster membership
Authors: Marcer Arnald , Fortin Marie-Josée , Picó F. Xavier 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTAimTo assess the effects of climate change on genetic lineages ofArabidopsis thalianaat theadmixedpopulation level by directly modelling genetic cluster membership values to predict potential genetic cluster memberships across the Iberian Peninsula.LocationIberian PeninsulaMethodsWe used a dataset of 274 accessions structured in four genetic clusters as inferred from 250 nuclear single-nucleotide polymorphisms with Bayesian clustering methods. We predicted the change in percentages of genetic cluster membership at a population level and the changes in potential suitability across the study area by combining parametric (Beta regression) and non-parametric (Recursive trees) methods.ResultsClimate change will affect genetic lineages ofArabidopsis thalianadifferently. Genetic clusters GC1 and GC2 will suffer a substantive reduction of their respective suitable areas while GC3 and GC4 will expand northward. At the population level, except for GC4, the rest of the lineages will undergo a genetic turnover for many of their populations.Main conclusionsA. thalianain the Iberian Peninsula will undergo a major internal genetic restructuring and range change due to climate change. Genetic lineages ofArabidopsis thalianain the Iberian Peninsula will be affected differently which reinforce the need for taking into account intraspecific genetic variation when modelling species distribution. Despite limited predictive power of individual statistical models, the combination of distinct models can compensate this shortcoming.
Effect of obesity-linkedFTOrs9939609 variant on physical activity and dietary patterns in physically active men and women
Authors: West Nathan R. , Dorling James , Thackray Alice E. , Decombel Samantha E. , Stensel David J. , Grice Stuart J. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo examine physical activity and dietary patterns in physically active individuals carrying different risk variants of the fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) rs9939609 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP).MethodsA total of 528 white men and women (mean (SD): 34.9(9.5) years, 26.6(4.3) kg·m-2) were genotyped forFTOrs9939609 SNP. Sex, age and anthropometric measurements (stature, body mass, waist circumference) were self-reported using an online questionnaire, and body mass index and waist-to-height ratio were calculated. Physical activity level and eating behaviour were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ), respectively.ResultsBody mass, body mass index, waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio were not significantly different between individuals carrying differentFTOrs9939609 risk variants (all P≥0.66). The cohort was physically active (4516(3043) total MET min·week-1), although risk allele carriers (AT/AA) reported higher total physical activity (effect size = 0.22, p=0.03), and homozygous risk allele carriers (AA) displayed higher TFEQ cognitive restraint (effect size = 0.33, p=0.03) compared with non-risk allele carriers (TT).ConclusionsObesity-related parameters were not different in physically active individuals carrying different risk variants ofFTOrs9939609, but higher physical activity and cognitive restraint in risk allele carriers may reduce genetic predisposition to weight gain.
Analysis of electrical discontinuity problem in MLB using Ishikawa model
Authors: Jayaprasad G. , Dhanlakshmi P.P. , Hemachandran S. 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this study/paper is regarding analysis of electrical discontinuity in penultimate layer of a few batches of Multilayer Boards (MLB) fabricated and supplied by a vendor. The ever-increasing demand of miniaturization in launch vehicle and spacecraft electronics systems has led to the usage of multilayer printed circuit boards (PCBs) for realizing high-performance electronics circuitry. Multilayer boards (MLBs) fabricated by qualified agencies based on the customer requirement are being used in the critical launch vehicle/spacecraft systems after evaluating the preliminary test results supplied by the vendor. However, a few batches of MLBs fabricated and supplied by a particular vendor (“A”) showed a discontinuity problem in a few PCB tracks connected by soldering pads. As these MLBs are part of Flight critical systems of both launch vehicle and spacecraft, a malfunction in the board may lead to fatal errors during fight or on-orbit, thereby jeopardizing the mission.

Design/methodology/approach
A systematic approach was followed to have a thorough understanding of the problem, and major tests such as inspection, continuity measurement, microsection of the plated through hole (PTH) and Scanning Electron Microscopy–Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis tests were conducted on identified test boards based on Ishikawa model. Emphasis was given for horizontal microsection, as it has got a clear edge in detecting defects at any point of PTH barrel to inner-layer copper interface.

Findings
Systematic testing and evaluation on specimen revealed the presence of unwanted material at the bonding area of inner-layer copper and PTH copper due to inadequate fabrication process. The un-cleaned epoxy materials present at the bonding area creates a weak bond between barrel and inner-layer copper. Electrical strength of the MLB is the strength of this link. This weaker interconnection leads to electrical discontinuity of inner-layer tracks.

Originality/value
MLBs are part of Flight critical systems of both Launch Vehicle and Spacecraft; a malfunction in the board may lead to fatal errors during fight or on-orbit, thereby jeopardizing the mission. Case study of an original failure observed in MLBs helped to achieve normal functioning of systems and avoided failures at later stage of mission.
Himalaya: head-to-heel herbal healthcare
Authors: Srinivasan R. 
Published: December 2016

Subject area
Competitive strategy.

Study level/applicability
Post-Graduate (MBA/Doctoral) level courses.

Case overview
This paper aims to examine the evolution of Himalaya Drug Company (hereinafter referred to as Himalaya), an Ayurveda-based pharmaceutical-wellness company. Over the eight decades of its history, Himalaya has built a reputation for Ayurveda-based formulations that conform to allopathic standards and are accepted globally. In the recent years, Himalaya dramatically strengthened its competitive position of “scientific Ayurvedic products” through its entry into fast-moving consumer goods (or consumer-packaged goods), categories of wellness products as well as over-the-counter (non-prescription) drugs. This case describes the focused differentiation strategy of Himalaya and sets out the challenges it faced/would face in sustaining its focused differentiation strategy, as it enters into highly penetrated categories such as toothpastes and soaps (that were traditionally dominated by broad differentiators and broad cost leaders).

Expected learning outcomes
The outcomes are as follows: to exemplify the logic of focused differentiation, where a competitor commands a higher willingness to pay than its average competitors, by narrowing its target segments; to illustrate how the firm’s entire set of activities are tailored to meet the specific needs of a set of carefully chosen products, narrow customer segments, of defined geographic markets; to highlight how a combination of tradeoffs and fit helps protect the firm’s competitive position from its potential imitators; and to demonstrate the limits of a focused strategy, specifically relating to growth, and how a company such as Himalaya can overcome such limits.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Subject code
CSS 11: Strategy.
The quantized transformation in Deng’s grey relational grade
Authors: Wen Kunli 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
Until now, many different varieties of grey relational grade methods had been proposed, and there are also many relevant publications, which include ordinal grey relational grade and cardinal grey relational grade. However, the most original and important formula is Deng’s grey relational grade. After careful study it was found that although it is an ordinal form of grey relational grade, a rational mathematics model can be used to transfer it from ordinal into cardinal. It not only can enhance the essential of Deng’s grey relational grade, but also can let Deng’s grey relational grade be used more widely. The paper aims to discuss these issue.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper uses fuzzy set theory to get the rational value of distinguish coefficient in Deng’s grey relational grade, then uses grey entropy method to decide the rational weighting for the analysis sequences in Deng’s grey relational grade.

Findings
Through the mathematics derivation, it indeed can transfer the Deng’s grey relational grade from ordinal form into cardinal form.

Practical implications
The paper has deeply enhanced the essential of Deng’s grey relational grade, and made Deng’s grey relational grade more available and more usable in grey system theory.

Originality/value
The paper has transferred the Deng’s grey relational grade from ordinal into cardinal, it can let Deng’s grey relational grade be used in a wider area.
Adjusting the errors of the GM(1, 2) grey model in the financial data series using an adaptive fuzzy controller
Authors: Bolos Marcel , Bradea Ioana , Delcea Camelia 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to focus on the adjustment of the GM(1, 2) errors for financial data series that measures changes in the public sector financial indicators, taking into account that the errors in grey models remain a key problem in reconstructing the original data series.

Design/methodology/approach
Adjusting the errors in grey models must follow some rules that most often cannot be determined based on the chaotic trends they register in reconstructing data series. In order to ensure the adjustment of these errors, for improving the robustness of GM(1, 2), was constructed an adaptive fuzzy controller which is based on two input variables and one output variable. The input variables in the adaptive fuzzy controller are: the absolute error

ε

i

0

(
k
)

[
%

]

of GM(1, 2), and the distance between two values

x

i

0

(
k
)

[
%

]

, while the output variable is the error adjustment

A

ε

i

0

(
k
)

[
%

]

determined with the help of the above-mentioned input variables.

Findings
The adaptive fuzzy controller has the advantage that sets the values for error adjustments by the intensity (size) of the errors, in this way being possible to determine the value adjustments for each element of the reconstructed financial data series.

Originality/value
To ensure a robust process of planning the financial resources, the available financial data are used for long periods of time, in order to notice the trend of the financial indicators that need to be planned. In this context, the financial data series could be reconstituted using grey models that are based on sequences of financial data that best describe the status of the analyzed indicators and the status of the relevant factors of influence. In this context, the present study proposes the construction of a fuzzy adaptive controller that with the help of the output variable will ensure the error’s adjustment in the reconstituted data series with GM(1, 2).
“Building beyond Brexit: what now?”
Authors: Hackett Paul 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
A policy insiders view on the implications of Brexit for housing and welfare in England and Scotland. Why did voters choose to reject the Eu and what happens next as the government prepares for Brexit with no clear route map and growing uncertainty. Will the housing market shrink and what changes lie ahead for housing professionals. The paper aims to discuss this issue.

Design/methodology/approach
The author provides their viewpoint on Brexit and what is next for Britain.

Findings
This viewpoint discusses the potential effects of Brexit on the economy, housing, local authorities
and so on.

Originality/value
This paper contains the viewpoint of the author.
LAs are from Mars, HAs are from Venus
Authors: Exford Keith 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to put forth a practical guide for improving communications and getting what you want from relationships.

Design/methodology/approach
This is an opinion piece based on a speech given by the author at the Chartered Institute of Housing's annual conference.

Findings
Forming partnerships between local authorities and housing associations is vital in tackling the problem of un-affordable housing.

Originality/value
This article is based on a speech given by the author and offers the viewpoint of said author.
Creational narratives for new housing communities: evidence synthesis
Authors: Meads Geoffrey David , Lees Amanda , Tapson Kit 
Published: December 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to report the findings of a rapid evidence synthesis commissioned by the Diocese of Winchester with a remit to provide an empirical basis for church contributions to large housing community developments. It sought to respond to three questions concerning new community developments. These related to risks and causes of failure; learning from past corporate and intermediate tier interventions at diocesan and equivalent levels by religious denominations; and the transferable learning available from developments described in community health and liveability literatures.Design/methodology/approachThe review took a purposive approach to sampling evidence from within academic literature, policy and “think tank” outputs and theological texts. The search was instigated with the use of keywords (including New Settlements, Urban Redevelopment, Diocese, Faith and Community), principally within the SCOPUS, NIHR, PUBMED and Google Scholar databases. A pragmatic snowballing approach to relevant references was then employed.FindingsSegregation and separation were identified as the main risk for new settlements. Connectivity is required between and across neighbours, ensuring communal access to services, transport and recreation. Communal places where people can come together for conversation and social interaction are identified as contributing significantly to healthy communities. Churches have a particular positive contribution to make here, through a focus on inclusion, hospitality and common values, rather than single faith-based, evangelical approaches.Practical implicationsThe initial effect of the study has been to increase confidence in and awareness of the diocesan contribution. In the longer term the three areas of practice highlighted for enhanced faith-based contributions are those of public communications, community integration and civic leadership. An evidence-based approach appears to be especially significant in facilitating the latter.Originality/valueThe importance of “creational narratives” in defining and making explicit the values underpinning new housing communities is identified as a singular source of shared motivation for planning and faith agencies.
Smoking cessation in smoke-free prisons: a grounded theory study
Authors: Djachenko Ashleigh , St John Winsome , Mitchell Creina 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
Prisoners are vulnerable to tobacco addiction and have a smoking prevalence significantly higher than that of the general community. The context of this study was the implementation of a “smoke-free prisons” policy, which imposed forced smoking cessation onto the Queensland, Australian prison population. The study asked the question: “What are the psychosocial processes in which male prisoners engage during smoking cessation in a smoke-free environment?”

Design/methodology/approach
Qualitative interviews were conducted with 15 prisoners in South-east Queensland smoke-free correctional centres. Grounded theory methodology was applied to construct a theory of the processes of smoking cessation.

Findings
The constructed theory was named Engaging with Quitting. In this model, prisoners proceed through a cycle of evaluations, adjustments and reflections on their reality as related to the smoke-free prison. The study gives first-hand accounts of the prisoners’ use (and abuse) of nicotine replacement therapy. Three personality typologies emerged from the data: The Angry Smoker, the Shifting Opportunist and the Optimistic Quitter.

Research limitations/implications
This qualitative study makes no claim of generalisability and cannot be taken to represent all prisoners. Females, youths and culturally diverse prisoners were not represented in the sample.

Practical implications
Smoking cessation in prisons must be recognised as an ongoing process, rather than a discrete event. A coordinated approach between custodial and health authorities is required to minimise maladaptive coping strategies.

Originality/value
This study provides a descriptive account of the processes prisoners undertake during involuntary smoking cessation and has described the manner in which prisoners manufacture home-made tobacco from nicotine patches. The study has produced an original theory named Engaging with Quitting.
Leadership in context
Authors: Alazmi Terki N. 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the contextual dimensions that form leadership behaviour amongst Kuwait’s private sector leaders.

Design/methodology/approach
Using a constructionist approach within which 40 leaders from Kuwaiti private sector organisations were interviewed, in the banking, investment, real estate and services sectors, this paper focuses on two main areas of study: to critically examine the literature and identify the most contextual dimensions found to have significant influence on leadership behaviour and to verify first-hand how the identified dimensions are affecting leaders’ behaviour in the specified context.

Findings
The research finds that although the content of leadership may not change significantly, the context of leadership is important and is able to alter the quality and behaviour of leaders.

Originality/value
Empirically based knowledge about leadership in context is limited, as few studies to date have examined the importance of the contextual dimensions in explaining leadership behaviour.