bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing Sequencing of Abiraterone and Enzalutamide in Men With Metastatic Castration‐Resistant Prostate Cancer: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Maughan Benjamin L. , Luber Brandon , Nadal Rosa , Antonarakis Emmanuel S. 
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUNDThere are no validated clinical decision tools to aid optimal treatment selection in men with metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Frequently, abiraterone and enzalutamide are used prior to chemotherapy in mCRPC, given the more favorable safety profiles. However, there is no published data on clinical outcomes regarding best sequencing of these two agents.METHODSA retrospective analysis of consecutive mCRPC patients treated with enzalutamide and abiraterone at Johns Hopkins was conducted. Patients were treated with sequential enzalutamide and abiraterone, in either order. The combined progression‐free survival (PFS: PFS1 + PFS2) of abiraterone‐to‐enzalutamide was compared to the reverse sequence, where PFS1 and PFS2 represented clinical/radiographic progression‐free survival on the first and second agents, respectively. Overall survival (OS) from the start of the first therapy to death and PSA response rates (defined as ≥50% PSA declines at any time) were also compared between groups. Outcomes were adjusted using propensity score‐weighted multivariable Cox analyses.RESULTSEighty‐one patients who satisfied our entry criteria were identified: 65 in the abiraterone‐to‐enzalutamide group and 16 in the enzalutamide‐to‐abiraterone group. There were no significant baseline differences between groups. Multivariable analysis suggested a difference between groups favoring the abiraterone‐to‐enzalutamide sequence with respect to combined PFS (HR 0.37, 95%CI 0.22–0.64, P < 0.001). There was no statistical difference in OS between the groups after multivariable adjustment (HR 0.57, 95%CI 0.29–1.11, P = 0.098), although OS was numerically superior in the abiraterone‐to‐enzalutamide group.CONCLUSIONSWe observed differences suggesting improved outcomes favoring the abiraterone‐to‐enzalutamide sequence in men with mCRPC, with statistical confirmation in terms of PFS but not OS. Prospective studies are required to verify these hypothesis‐generating findings. Further evaluation of biomarkers to inform optimal treatment sequencing in men with mCRPC is urgently needed. Prostate 77:33–40, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Electronic structure of formamidinium ions in lead triiodide perovskites
Authors: Shen Pengfei , Nie Kaiqi , Sun Xuhui , Liu Lijia , McLeod John A. 
Published: August 2016

Perovskite formamidinium lead triiodide (FAPbI3) is a very promising photovoltaic material. Unfortunately, perovskite FAPbI3 converts to a hexagonal phase at ambient conditions. Herein we study the electronic structure of both perovskite and hexagonal FAPbI3 films using soft X‐ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and density functional theory. We find that the C and N 2p states of FA hybridize with the Pb, I states at the conduction band minimum in hexagonal, but not perovskite, FAPbI3. We also demonstrate that C K‐edge XANES can be used to investigate shifts in the valence band in other organic‐inorganic hybrid perovskites.
Graphical summary of the electronic structure and C K‐edge XANES in both perovskite and hexagonal FAPbI3 highlighting our findings.magnified imageGraphical summary of the electronic structure and C K‐edge XANES in both perovskite and hexagonal FAPbI3 highlighting our findings.
Authentication process enhancements in WiMAX networks
Authors: Alezabi Kamal Ali , Hashim Fazirulhisyam , Hashim Shaiful Jahari , Ali Borhanuddin M. , Jamalipour Abbas 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAuthentication is one of the most important security processes in Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) networks. This process allows the receiver (whether base station or subscriber station) of a packet to be confident of the identity of the sender and the integrity of the message. Most attacks will attempt to violate the authentication process. If such attacks become successful, an attacker will gain an illegitimate access to network resources, thus increasing the probability of future malicious attacks. A number of algorithms and methods have been proposed to improve the security level of authentication in WiMAX networks. However, the evaluations of these algorithms and methods have always been based on a particular aspect, such as reducing overhead, protecting unauthenticated management messages, preventing WiMAX from external attacks, and protection during the handover process. Motivated by these variations, we review the state of art of WiMAX authentication mechanisms, namely, PKMv1, PKMv2, and the recent authentication protocols. We discuss their mechanisms, strengths, weaknesses, and potential countermeasures against each other. Our discussion is based on four categories, namely, enhancements, differences, advantages, and limitations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improved Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Dyes by ZnO‐Nanoflowers
Authors: Mohammad Akbar , Kapoor Kshipra , Mobin Shaikh M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractRecently, we reported one pot synthesis of ZnO nanoflowers (ZnO‐NFs) by using asymmetric Zn(II) dimeric complex, [Zn(hmp‐H)2(H2O)(μ‐Cl)Zn(μ‐Cl)(Cl)3],(A), [hmp‐H=2‐(2‐hydroxymethyl)pyridine)] as a single molecular precursor at room temperature (RT). The prepared ZnO‐NFs catalyst was systematically probed for its structural, morphological and functional properties. Our primary aim was to utilize ZnO‐NFs to find a superior photocatalyst for the degradation of different dyes such as Methyl orange (MO), Congo red (CR), Chicago sky blue (CSB) and Eosin B (EO) which are commonly found in industrial waste and are major contributor to the river pollutant. In order to overcome this problem, we explored the photocatalytic performance of ZnO‐NFs, which results in improved photocatalytic activity towards MO dye (15 mg/L, 99.46 %) compared to other dyes CR, CSB and EO. Based on the photocatalytic evaluations, ZnO‐NFs could possess versatile photocatalytic properties for remediation of contaminated water.
Asymmetric Supercapacitor Based on Nanostructured Ce‐doped NiO (Ce:NiO) as Positive and Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) as Negative Electrode
Authors: Gawali Swati R. , Dubal Deepak P. , Deonikar Virendrakumar G. , Patil Santosh S. , Patil Seema D. , Gomez‐Romero Pedro , Patil Deepak R. , Pant Jayashree 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAsymmetric supercapacitor was fabricated successfully using cerium (Ce) doped NiO as positive electrode and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as negative electrode in aqueous KOH electrolyte. Initially, Ce doped nickel oxide nanostructures were synthesized by simple Sol‐Gel method. To investigate the effect of Ce doping in nickel oxide, different molar percentages of cerium with respect to nickel were incorporated. Among the different compositions, 1%Ce:NiO exhibits high specific capacitance and excellent electrochemical activities. Further, asymmetric supercapacitor based on 1%Ce:NiO and rGO was fabricated which could be cycled reversibly in the high‐voltage range of 0 to 1.4 V and displays intriguing performances with a specific capacitance of 110 F/g at a scan rate of 5 mV/s with a maximum energy density of 26.27 Wh/kg (based on the total mass of active materials, 0.78 mg). Importantly, this asymmetric device exhibits an excellent electrochemical stability of 91.6 % over 1000 cycles.
Mechanochemical Oleation of Lignin Through Ball Milling and Properties of its Blends with PLA
Authors: Guo Xiaojie , Junna Xin , Wolcott Michael P. , Zhang Jinwen 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn this work, mechanochemical modification of lignin and PLA blends with the modified lignin were studied. Oleated organosolv lignin (OL) was prepared by transesterification between OL and methyl oleate and the oleation reaction was conducted in ball milling process. PLA/lignin blends were successfully prepared through melt extrusion. The tensile, dynamic mechanical, rheological and morphological properties of the blends were investigated. Compared with the PLA/milled OL blends, the PLA/oleated OL blends exhibited finer dispersion of lignin in the blends, increased glass transition temperature and higher tensile properties.
Facile and Scalable Ultra–fine Cobalt Oxide/Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites for High Energy Asymmetric Supercapacitors†
Authors: Subramani K. , Kowsik S. , Sathish M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractMetal oxide decorated graphene nanosheets have gathered much attention due to their potential applications in electrochemical energy storage devices particularly in supercapacitors. Attempts are in progress to develop highly efficient graphene nanocomposites via facile and scalable method for practical applications. Here, we demonstrate a facile and scalable chemical route to synthesis ultrafine (∼10 nm) crystalline cobalt oxide (Co3O4)/reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nanocomposites through chemical decomposition of cobalt hexacyanoferrate complex directly on RGO surface. X‐ray diffraction pattern reveals the formation of highly crystalline Co3O4 nanoparticles on RGO surface without any heat treatment. The ultrafine Co3O4/RGO nanocomposites showed a high specific capacitance of 784 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 in alkaline medium in three electrode configuration. The asymmetric supercapacitor device was fabricated using RGO as anode and Co3O4/RGO as cathode. The fabricated asymmetric device exhibits a remarkable specific capacitance of 245 F g−1 with high energy and power density of 16.6 Wh kg−1 and 3473 W kg−1, respectively. Also, the fabricated pouch cell exhibits an excellent electrochemical stability of > 94 % after 20,000 cycles of charge‐discharge.
Phosphonic Acid Stabilized Colloidal CsPbX3 (X=Br, I) Perovskite Nanocrystals and Their Surface Chemistry
Authors: Koh Weon‐kyu , Park Sungjun , Ham Yongnam 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe demonstrate the improved stability of colloidal CsPbX3 (X=Br, I) perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) using the phosphonic acid ligand. Photoluminescence spectra indicated that the phosphonic acid‐based CsPbX3 perovskite NCs had stable optical properties in solution, and inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry provided a deeper insight of their decomposition mechanism and the surface chemistry of CsPbX3 NCs. With the aid of liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry, we show more detail in the ligand binding of NC solutions, suggesting that strong binding of phosphonic acid ligands is the key to stabilize the NC structures, probably with both metal and halide ions on the NC surface.
Replicating the multinationality‐performance relationship: Is there an S‐curve?
Authors: Berry Heather , Kaul Aseem 
Published: August 2016

Research summary: We revisit the empirical relationship between multinationality and performance by attempting to replicate the widely cited S‐shape relationship reported in Lu and Beamish (2004). Using a longitudinal and comprehensive database on the population of U.S. MNCs from 1989 to 2007, we find no evidence of an S‐shaped relationship; nor do we see a moderating effect of intangible assets. Although our results do show a marginally significant U‐shaped association between multinationality and performance for a subsample of manufacturing firms, this relationship disappears once we account for the endogeneity of multinationality. Our study contributes to empirical research on the multinationality‐performance relationship, highlighting the need for caution in generalizing results across countries and the importance of controlling for the endogeneity of multinationality when assessing its effect on performance.Managerial summary: Our study examines the relationship between a firm's multinationality and its performance. In a much‐cited study, Lu and Beamish (2004) found evidence of an S‐shaped relationship—with firm performance first decreasing, then increasing, then decreasing again as firms internationalized—in a sample of Japanese firms from 1986 to 1997. We test for the same relationship across all U.S. MNCs from 1989 to 2007, and find no evidence of an S‐shaped pattern, or indeed, of any effect of multinationality at an aggregate level. Our study thus suggests that the effect of multinationality may vary with firm capabilities and home country environments, and that managers and academics alike should focus on understanding these specifics, rather than searching for a universal effect of multinationality on performance. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The dynamics of diversification: Market entry and exit by public and private firms
Authors: Miller Douglas J. , Yang Hsiao‐Shan 
Published: August 2016

Research summary: We replicate one of the first studies on the dynamics of diversification, Chang (1996). Our sample of public and private firms from 1992 to 2001 yields findings similar to the earlier research. Firms tend to enter new markets that have human resource profiles that are similar to the firms' existing businesses, and exit markets that have dissimilar human resource profiles. This general finding is robust to alternative specifications and controls, including the timing of market entry and technological diversification. However, we also find that entry and exit by private firms is much more prevalent than that by public firms. Differences in how public and private firms diversify based on knowledge similarity invite further research in evolutionary economics.Managerial summary: Chang (1996) revealed that large, public manufacturing firms in the 1980s tended to enter new businesses that leveraged the firm's knowledge, some of which is embedded in routines among employees sharing similar occupations. The new businesses provide the basis for further expansion, while a firm divests businesses that do not stay profitable, or which no longer match the firm's new portfolio of businesses. Our data show that these patterns continued in the 1990s. Our sample also includes private firms, which conduct the majority of market entry and exit. Private firms enter new businesses with different proportions of scientific and marketing personnel than their existing operations. Thus, diversification still reflects knowledge resources for smaller, private firms, but differently than for the largest firms in the economy. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Signaling revisited: The use of signals in the market for IPOs
Authors: Park U. David , Borah Abhishek , Kotha Suresh 
Published: August 2016

Research summary: Scholars have actively researched the initial public offering (IPO) underpricing phenomenon as it relates to the issuing firm's resource acquisition and entrepreneur's wealth retention. In this study, we attempt to replicate three studies that examine how top management and board‐level characteristics impact IPO underpricing using signaling theory. Focusing on a different time period and using a new sample of 234 U.S. IPO firms, we do not find evidence for the signaling effects of top management, governance structure, and social ties on resource acquisition and wealth retention during the IPO process. We propose possible theoretical and empirical reasons for our results and discuss two major external changes that researchers should account in future research.Managerial summary: Past studies on initial public offering (IPO) underpricing have systematically documented the effectiveness of signals (i.e., having seasoned CEO and top management team, director independence, and director network) that influence the amount of money entrepreneurs “leave on the table” during the IPO process. Since these studies were conducted before the ongoing information revolution, we re‐examined the effectiveness of these signals in the current IPO market. Despite using similar methodological approaches that past studies used, we do not find evidence supporting the prior findings. To explain our findings, we discuss two notable recent changes—unprecedented access to information and a regulatory change—that future researchers should examine in the context of IPO underpricing research. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Swimming with sharks in Europe: When are they dangerous and what can new ventures do to defend themselves?
Authors: Colombo Massimo G. , Shafi Kourosh 
Published: August 2016

Research summary:This study replicates Dushnitsky and Shaver (2009) in an institutional setting different from the United States, that is, the European venture capital market. We highlight the role played by this switch of boundary condition in influencing how legal defenses protect new ventures' knowledge from misappropriation and encourage the formation of ties between these ventures and same‐industry corporate venture capitalists. Furthermore, we consider timing and social defenses and their interactions with legal defenses in Europe. Our results indicate that the use of legal and other defenses by new ventures does vary, depending on the characteristics of the institutional context.Managerial summary:In this study, we focus attention on the formation of corporate venture capital (CVC) ties in Europe. We highlight that the institutional context of the European venture capital market differs from the one in the United States, and this difference influences how legal defenses protect new ventures' knowledge from misappropriation and encourage the formation of ties between these ventures and same‐industry CVCs. We also consider the protection offered to new ventures by postponing CVC ties to later stages and by affiliation with prominent independent VCs. We show that, in Europe, these protections are less effective than in the United States. However, the protection provided by legal defenses is reinforced when new ventures are affiliated with prominent independent VCs. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analytics‐as‐a‐service in a multi‐cloud environment through semantically‐enabled hierarchical data processing
Authors: Jayaraman Prem Prakash , Perera Charith , Georgakopoulos Dimitrios , Dustdar Schahram , Thakker Dhavalkumar , Ranjan Rajiv 
Published: August 2016

SummaryA large number of cloud middleware platforms and tools are deployed to support a variety of internet‐of‐things (IoT) data analytics tasks. It is a common practice that such cloud platforms are only used by its owners to achieve their primary and predefined objectives, where raw and processed data are only consumed by them. However, allowing third parties to access processed data to achieve their own objectives significantly increases integration and cooperation and can also lead to innovative use of the data. Multi‐cloud, privacy‐aware environments facilitate such data access, allowing different parties to share processed data to reduce computation resource consumption collectively. However, there are interoperability issues in such environments that involve heterogeneous data and analytics‐as‐a‐service providers. There is a lack of both architectural blueprints that can support such diverse, multi‐cloud environments and corresponding empirical studies that show feasibility of such architectures. In this paper, we have outlined an innovative hierarchical data‐processing architecture that utilises semantics at all the levels of IoT stack in multi‐cloud environments. We demonstrate the feasibility of such architecture by building a system based on this architecture using OpenIoT as a middleware, and Google Cloud and Microsoft Azure as cloud environments. The evaluation shows that the system is scalable and has no significant limitations or overheads. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling and verification of Web services composition based on model transformation
Authors: Zhu Yi , Huang Zhiqiu , Zhou Hang 
Published: August 2016

SummaryWith the rapid development of Cloud computing, social computing, and Web of Things, an increasing number of requirements of complexity and reliability for modeling Web services composition have emerged too. As more reliable methods are needed to model and verify current complex Web services composition, this paper proposes a method to model and verify Web services composition based on model transformation. First, a modeling and verifying framework based on model transformation is established. Then, Communicating Sequential Process (CSP) is defined according to the features of Web services composition and the corresponding model checking tool Failure Divergence Refinement (FDR) is introduced. The transformation approaches between Business Process Execution Language (BPEL) and CSP are later defined in detail. Lastly, the effect of this method is evaluated by modeling and verifying the Web services composition of a Online Shopping System. The results of the experiments show that this method can greatly increase the reliability of Web services composition. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quaternary Germanides RE3TRh4Ge4 (RE = Ce, Pr, Nd; T = Nb, Ta) – A New Coloring Variant of the Aristotype AlB2
Authors: Hoffmann Rolf‐Dieter , Voßwinkel Daniel , Matar Samir F. , Pöttgen Rainer 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe quaternary germanides RE3TRh4Ge4 (RE = Ce, Pr, Nd; T = Nb, Ta) were synthesized from the elements by arc‐melting and subsequent annealing in a muffle furnace. The structure of Ce3TaRh4Ge4 was refined from single‐crystal X‐ray diffractometer data: new type, Pbam, a = 719.9(2), b = 1495.0(3), c = 431.61(8), wR2 = 0.0678, 1004 F2 values, and 40 variables. Isotypy of the remaining phases was evident from X‐ray powder patterns. Ce3TaRh4Ge4 is a new superstructure variant of the aristotype AlB2 with an ordering of cerium and tantalum on the aluminum site, whereas the honey‐comb network is built up by a 1:1 ordering of rhodium and germanium. This crystal‐chemical relationship is discussed based on a group‐subgroup scheme. The distinctly different size of tantalum and cerium leads to a pronounced puckering of the [Rh4Ge4] network, which shows the shortest interatomic distances (253–271 pm Rh–Ge) within the Ce3TaRh4Ge4 structure. Another remarkable structural feature concerns the tantalum coordination with six shorter Ta–Rh bonds (265–266 pm) and six longer Ta–Ge bonds (294–295 pm). The [Rh4Ge4] network fully separates the tantalum and cerium atoms (Ce–Ce > 387 pm, Ta–Ta > 431 pm, and Ce–Ta > 359 pm). The electronic density of states DOS from DFT calculations show metallic behavior with large contributions of localized Ce 4f as well as itinerant ones from all constituents at the Fermi level but no significant magnetic polarization on Ce could be identified. The bonding characteristics described based on overlap populations illustrate further the crystal chemistry observations of the different coordination of Ce1 and Ce2 in Ce3TaRh4Ge4. The Rh–Ge interactions within the network are highlighted as dominant. The bonding magnitudes follow the interatomic distances and identify differences of Ta bonding vs. Ce1/Ce2 bonding with the Rh and Ge substructures.