bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testosterone regulates granzyme K expression in rat testes
Authors: Dutta Dibyendu , Park In , Guililat Hiwot , Sang Samuel , Talapatra Arpita , Singhal Barkha , Mills Nathaniel C. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjective. Testosterone depletion induces increased germ cell apoptosis in testes. However, limited studies exist on genes that regulate the germ cell apoptosis. Granzymes (GZM) are serine proteases that induce apoptosis in various tissues. Multiple granzymes, including GZMA, GZMB and GZMN, are present in testes. Th us, we investigated which granzyme may be testosterone responsive and possibly may have a role in germ cell apoptosis aft er testosterone depletion. Methods. Ethylene dimethane sulfonate (EDS), a toxicant that selectively ablates the Leydig cells, was injected into rats to withdraw the testosterone. The testosterone depletion effects after 7 days post-EDS were verified by replacing the testosterone exogenously into EDS-treated rats. Serum or testicular testosterone was measured by radioimmunoassay. Using qPCR, mRNAs of granzyme variants in testes were quantified. The germ cell apoptosis was identified by TUNEL assay and the localization of GZMK was by immunohistochemistry. Results. EDS treatment eliminated the Leydig cells and depleted serum and testicular testosterone. At 7 days post-EDS, testis weights were reduced 18% with increased germ cell apoptosis plus elevation GZMK expression. GZMK was not associated with TUNEL-positive cells, but was localized to stripped cytoplasm of spermatids. In addition, apoptotic round spermatids were observed in the caput epididymis. Conclusions. GZMK expression in testes is testosterone dependent. GZMK is located adjacent to germ cells in seminiferous tubules and the presence of apoptotic round spermatids in the epididymis suggest its role in the degradation of microtubules in ectoplasmic specializations. Thus, overexpression of GZMK may indirectly regulate germ cell apoptosis by premature release of round spermatids from seminiferous tubule lumen.
3D Blood Vessels Reconstruction Based on Segmented CT Data for Further Simulations of Hemodynamic in Human Artery Branches
Authors: Polańczyk Andrzej , Strzelecki Michał , Woźniak Tomasz , Szubert Wojciech , Stefańczyk Ludomir 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
We aimed at the reconstruction of the branches of human aortic arch for blood perfusion analysis used later in the Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD). The reconstruction was performed based on segmentation results obtained from CT data. Two segmentation algorithms, region growing and level set were implemented. Obtained binary segmentation results were next evaluated by the expert and corrected if needed. The final reconstruction was used for preparation of a numerical grid and for further calculation of blood hemodynamic. The collected data composed of blood velocity and blood flow rate in function of time were compared with USG-Doppler data. Results demonstrate that proposed algorithm may be useful for initial reconstruction of human cardiac system, however its accuracy needs to be improved as further manual corrections are still needed.
Exotic clasts, debris flow deposits and their significance for reconstruction of the Istebna Formation (Late Cretaceous – Paleocene, Silesian Basin, Outer Carpathians)
Authors: Strzeboński Piotr , Kowal-Kasprzyk Justyna , Olszewska Barbara 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe different types of calcareous exotic clasts (fragments of pre-existing rocks), embedded in the Paleocene siliciclastic deposits of the Istebna Formation from the Beskid Mały Mountains (Silesian Unit, Western Outer Carpathians), were studied and differentiated through microfacies-biostratigraphical analysis. Calcareous exotics of the Oxfordian- Kimmeridgian age prevail, representing a type of sedimentation comparable to that one documented for the northern Tethyan margin. The Tithonian exotic clasts (Štramberk-type limestones), which are much less common, were formed on a carbonate platform and related slope. The sedimentary paleotransport directions indicate the Silesian Ridge as a main source area for all exotics, which were emplaced in the depositional setting of the flysch deposits. The exotics constitute a relatively rare local component of some debrites. Proceedings of the sedimentological facies analysis indicate that these mass transport deposits were accumulated en-masse by debris flows in a deep-water depositional system in the form of a slope apron. Exotics prove that clasts of the crystalline basement and, less common, fragments of the sedimentary cover, originated from long-lasting tectonic activity and intense uplift of the source area. Mass transport processes and mass accumulation of significant amounts of the coarse-grained detrital material in the south facial zone of the Silesian Basin during the Early Paleogene was due to reactivation of the Silesian Ridge and its increased denudation. Relative regression and erosion of the emerged older flysch deposits were also forced by this uplift. These processes were connected with the renewed diastrophic activity in the Alpine Tethys.
Social Rights Protection in Europe in Times of Crisis: ‘A Tale of Two Cities’
Authors: Baraggia Antonia , Gennusa Maria Elena 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Europe can be considered a sort of fortress of the protection of socio-economic rights. However, this bright scenario has been unsettled by the eruption of the Eurozone crisis, which has challenged the narrative of social Europe and swept away protections for social rights in Member States grappling with sovereign debt crises such as Greece, Portugal, Ireland, Cyprus, Latvia and Romania. In these countries, austerity measures led to persistent violations of social rights, under the external constraint of conditionality regimes which involved cuts in wages, pensions and welfare services. Consequently, austerity measures were challenged in domestic and European Courts and before the ECSR. In other words, there has been a ‘turn to the law’, in order to give concrete effect to the potential offered by the relevant legal instruments. What has been the general attitude of the Courts and quasi-judicial bodies to actions challenging austerity measures? Since the analysis of how the Courts and other human rights bodies manage the complex and controversial balance between austerity and social rights is an excellent ‘stress test’ to determine the ‘weight’ of the latter not only in the political debate, but also in the human rights discourse, this paper will focus on the ‘crisis cases’ in Europe, so as to shed light on the actual level of protection for social rights.
The Changing Status of Women as Others in the Romanian Constitution
Authors: Brodeală Elena 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This article investigates the extent to which the Romanian Constitution has provided for adequate means to enhance women’s equal citizenship in its first twenty-five years of existence. Taking as its starting point Simone de Beauvoir’s thought, encompassed in the idea that gender inequality is derived from defining women as ‘the Others’ or as totally opposite to men, the article shows that since its adoption in 1991, the Romanian Constitution began to depart from the stereotypical and antagonistic understanding of women and men’s roles in society that Romania had inherited from its Socialist past. In 2003, when the Constitution was reviewed for Romania’s EU and NATO accession, the requirement that only men should serve in the military was replaced with the guarantee of equal opportunities for men and women to occupy public, civil or military positions. Meanwhile, the Constitutional Court inched toward being an active actor in advancing gender equality. For example, in 2005 the Court held that allowing only women in the military, but not men in the same position, to take parental leave was unconstitutional and, in that same year, it gave women’s reproductive rights a rather liberal interpretation. However, this article argues that the developments that have taken place have not been progressive enough. The Constitution still provides only for paid maternity leave, provides special working conditions only for women, does not explicitly mention the protection of reproductive autonomy, does not connect bodily rights with equality but with privacy, and lacks clarity on the admissibility of measures – such as gender quotas – to promote more women into the public sphere.
Protein-Protein Interaction Article Classification Using a Convolutional Recurrent Neural Network with Pre-trained Word Embeddings
Authors: Matos Sérgio , Antunes Rui 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCuration of protein interactions from scientific articles is an important task, since interaction networks are essential for the understanding of biological processes associated with disease or pharmacological action for example. However, the increase in the number of publications that potentially contain relevant information turns this into a very challenging and expensive task. In this work we used a convolutional recurrent neural network for identifying relevant articles for extracting information regarding protein interactions. Using the BioCreative III Article Classification Task dataset, we achieved an area under the precision-recall curve of 0.715 and a Matthew’s correlation coefficient of 0.600, which represents an improvement over previous works.
The Elephant in the Room: Sidestepping the Affirmative Consent Debate in the Restatement (Third) of Intentional Torts to Persons
Authors: Chamallas Martha 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn contemporary debates about legal responsibility for sexual misconduct, the status of “affomative consent” is front and center. Most often associated with the campus rape crisis and the enforcement of Title IX by colleges and universities, affirmative consent places responsibility on individuals who initiate sex to secure the affirmative permission of their partners before engaging in sexual conduct. Going beyond “no means no,” affirmative consent is best captured by the slogan “only yes means yes” and aims to protect those sexual assault victims who react passively or silently in the face of sexual aggression, even though they do not desire to have sex and would not have initiated the sexual activity if they had been given the choice. The criminal law in most states has not yet caught up with these developments and has continued to require either a showing of “force” on the part of the defendant or proof of a verbal objection on the part of the victim.Given its prominence, one might expect affirmative consent to emerge as a central issue in the revision of the Restatement (Third)’s provisions on consent. Instead, affirmative consent makes an appearance only briefly in the Restatement's commentary and has not affected the core black letter statements of the law of consent. Although purporting to be neutral, the approach of the Restatement (Third) is incompatible with affirmative consent, both in the Restatement's definitions of actual and apparent consent and in its determination to assign the burden of proof to the plaintiff instead of the defendant. Because there is no controlling precedent that would prevent the Restatement (Third) from embracing affirmative consent, the Restatement (Third) is free to follow the Title IX model and incorporate affirmative consent into the body of tort law. This article makes the case for adopting affirmative consent in sexual misconduct tort cases, even if the criminal law in any given jurisdiction continues to apply a more defendant-oriented consent rules.
Risk, Crisis, and Social Media
Authors: Rasmussen Joel , Ihlen Øyvind 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The literature on social media use in risk and crisis communication is growing fast, and it is time to take stock before looking forward. A review of 200 empirical studies in the area shows how the literature is indeed increasing and focusing on particular social media plat forms, users, and phases from risk to crisis relief. However, although spanning 40 countries, a large proportion of the world’s social media users are under-represented in the research. In addition, little attention is given to the question of who is actually reached through social media, and the effects of the digital divide are rarely discussed. This article suggests that more attention is given to the questions of equal access to information and ICTs, complementary media channels, and cultural diversity.
Characterization of Dinophysis acuminata from the Yellow Sea, China, and its response to different temperatures and Mesodinium prey
Authors: Gao Han , An Xinlong , Liu Lei , Zhang Ke , Zheng Daoqiong , Tong Mengmeng 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Dinophysis species are distributed worldwide and cause diarrheic shellfish poisoning (DSP). This paper documents the first successful culture of a Dinophysis (DAYS01) strain taken off Xiaoping Island, the Yellow Sea, China. The strain was identified as Dinophysis acuminata Claparède & Lachmann by morphological and phylogenetic analysis. The effects of temperature and different Mesodinium prey on the physiological and toxigenic characteristics of D. acuminata DAYS01 were also investigated. The results showed that the toxin concentration (toxin amount per ml of culture) increased with an increase in cell densities. Okadaic acid (OA), dinophysistoxin 1 (DTX1) and pectenotoxin 2 (PTX2) were the major toxin components of DAYS01, with the highest recorded toxin content of 5.66, 0.56 and 192.87 ng ml-1 culture medium, respectively. The prey type significantly influenced the growth yield in Dinophysis cultures. There was an effect of prey on the total toxin content, suggesting that the origin or strain of ciliate directly impacted the D. acuminata blooms and the overall toxin concentration in the system
Differentiation of soils and land use changes in the vicinity of the disappeared Gardeja lake (Northern Poland)
Authors: Markiewicz Maciej , Gonet Sławomir S. , Marszelewski Włodzimierz , Mendyk Łukasz , Sykuła Marcin 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The aims of the study were to characterize shoreline soil development and evolution and to determine land use changes (19th to 20th centuries) in the direct catchment of the completely vanished Gardeja lake. The study was based on pedological research and analysis of cartographic materials. The main factor determining the current development of shoreline zone soil cover at the former Gardeja lake was human activity (lake dewatering, further drainage and human-induced erosion). Studied soil profiles were developed from mineral, non-lacustrine materials (upper parts of the slopes) and lacustrine sediments covered with colluvium. The analyzed soil catenas are representative for the undulated young glacial landscape of Northern Poland. The biggest changes of the land use were observed for the class of grasslands that is combined with shrubs (increase of cover area).
Effect of manure, clay, charcoal, zeolite, and calcium oxide on some properties of soil contaminated with cobalt
Authors: Kosiorek Milena , Wyszkowski Mirosław 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The study has been undertaken in order to determine the influence of different substances (manure, clay, charcoal, zeolite and calcium oxide) on soil pH, hydrolytic acidity, total exchangeable bases, cation exchange capacity, the base saturation of soil contaminated with cobalt (0, 20, 40, 80, 160, 320 mg·kg−1 of soil). The analysed properties of soil proved to be dependent on the cobalt contamination and the kind of substances. In the series without substances soil contamination with the highest doses of cobalt raised the soil’s hydrolytic acidity but depressed its pH, total exchangeable bases and base saturation. Among the substances applied to soil in order to neutralize the effect of contamination with cobalt, calcium oxide had the strongest influence on the soil’s properties. In the series with calcium oxide application the hydrolytic acidity was decreased and other soil properties were increased. Manure addition to soil had positive but weaker effect on analysed soil properties.
Neue Irritationspotentiale in der „digitalen Gesellschaft“
Authors: Mölders Marc , Schrape Jan-Felix 
Published: December 2017

ZusammenfassungDie „digitale Gesellschaft“ verspricht erweiterte Spielräume in der Bearbeitung der Folgen funktionaler Differenzierung für eine Varietät zivilgesellschaftlicher Gegenmächte. Vor diesem Hintergrund nimmt unser Aufsatz die Synchronisationsprozesse zwischen Medien, Politik und Recht in den Blick und diskutiert neue Irritationspotentiale gegenüber autonom operierenden Systemen. Wir beginnen mit einem Rekurs auf die rechtssoziologische Theorie reflexiver Steuerung und stellen danach zentrale Thesen zur Beschleunigung der Korrektur(bedürftigkeit) der Gesellschaft durch Digitalisierung und Internet vor. Daran anknüpfend explizieren wir entlang empirischer Fallskizzen die These, dass eine Effektivierung der Kommunikation alleine noch nicht zu einer erhöhten Annahmewahrscheinlichkeit für die jeweiligen Korrekturanfragen durch das adressierte System führt, sondern dass das Finden und Herstellen anschlussgünstiger Formen nach wie vor ein organisational aufwändiger Prozess ist, der nicht technisch überbrückt werden kann und das Recht in einer zwar veränderten, aber wesentlichen Rolle sieht. Abschließend ordnen wir unsere Überlegungen in eine evolutionäre Perspektive ein.
Effects of 2% Dehydration on Lactate Concentration During Constant-Load Cycling
Authors: Green James M. , Miller Brandon , Simpson Jeffrey , Dubroc Danielle , Keyes Anthony , Neal Kailee , Gann Josh , Andre Tom 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Green, JM, Miller, B, Simpson, J, Dubroc, D, Keyes, A, Neal, K, Gann, J, and Andre, T. Effects of 2% dehydration on lactate concentration during constant-load cycling. J Strength Cond Res 32(7): 2066–2071, 2018—The lactate [La] threshold (LT) can predict endurance performance potential. Dehydration may alter LT. This study examined effects of dehydration on [La] response during constant-load cycling. Recreationally fit (V̇o
2peak = 48.7 ± 5.2 ml·kg−1·min−1) male participants (n = 9) completed 2 × 40-minute constant-load cycling trials; euhydrated (HYD) and after previous evening passive (water bath) dehydration (2% body weight, DEH) (HYD and DEH counterbalanced). Lactate, heart rate (HR), 10-point Omni ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), and rectal temperature (Trec) were measured after warm-up (WU) and at 10, 20, 30, and 40 minutes. Before cycling, urine specific gravity (USG) was measured and participants estimated perceived recovery status (PRS). Urine specific gravity DEH (1.027 ± 0.004) was significantly greater than HYD (1.013 ± 0.007). After WU, [La] was significantly greater (all time points) for DEH (∼4.1 mmol·L−1) vs. HYD (∼3.5 mmol·L−1) with similar results for HR (DEH: ∼167, HYD: ∼158 b·min−1). For DEH, RPE was significantly greater (∼1 unit) at 20, 30, and 40 minutes, and Trec was significantly greater at 30 and 40 minutes (∼0.4° C). DEH (vs. HYD) also resulted in significantly different resting HR (93 ± 6, vs. 85 ± 7 b·min−1), significantly greater session RPE (7.7 ± 1.1 vs. 5.3 ± 1.1), and significantly lower subjective feelings of recovery (PRS = 6.4 ± 2.9, vs. 9.0 ± 1.5). Current results indicate systematic changes in [La] and associated physiological responses result from previous day dehydration. Hydration status should be a concern in paradigms where [La] assessment is used.
Hypoxia During Resistance Exercise Does Not Affect Physical Performance, Perceptual Responses, or Neuromuscular Recovery
Authors: Scott Brendan R. , Slattery Katie M. , Sculley Dean V. , Dascombe Ben J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Scott, BR, Slattery, KM, Sculley, DV, and Dascombe, BJ. Hypoxia during resistance exercise does not affect physical performance, perceptual responses, or neuromuscular recovery. J Strength Cond Res 32(8): 2174–2182, 2018—This study aimed to determine whether performing resistance exercise in hypoxia affects markers of physical performance, perceptual responses, and neuromuscular function. Fourteen male subjects (age: 24.6 ± 2.7 years; height: 179.7 ± 5.9 cm; body mass: 84.6 ± 11.6 kg) with >2 years resistance training experience performed moderate-load resistance exercise in 2 conditions: normoxia (FIO2 = 0.21) and hypoxia (FIO2 = 0.16). Resistance exercise comprised 3 sets of 10 repetitions of back squats and deadlifts at 60% of 1 repetition maximum (1RM), with 60 seconds inter-set rest. Physical performance was assessed by quantifying velocity and power variables during all repetitions. Perceptual ratings of perceived exertion, physical fatigue, muscle soreness, and overall well-being were obtained during and after exercise. Neuromuscular performance was assessed by vertical jump and isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) tasks for up to 48 hours after exercise. Although physical performance declined across sets, there were no differences between conditions. Similarly, perceived exertion and fatigue scores were not different between conditions. Muscle soreness increased from baseline at 24 and 48 hours after exercise in both conditions (p ≤ 0.001). Jump height and IMTP peak force were decreased from baseline immediately after exercise (p ≤ 0.026), but returned to preexercise values after 24 hours. These findings suggest that hypoxic resistance exercise does not affect exercise performance or perceived exercise intensity. In addition, neuromuscular recovery and perceptual markers of training stress were not affected by hypoxia, suggesting that hypoxic resistance training may not add substantially to the training dose experienced.
Body Composition of Women's Ice Hockey Players: Comparison of Estimates Using Skinfolds and iDXA
Authors: Gilenstam Kajsa , Geithner Christina A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Gilenstam, K and Geithner, CA. Body composition of women's ice hockey players: comparison of estimates using skinfolds and iDXA. J Strength Cond Res 33(9): 2496–2502, 2019—The purpose of this study was to compare percent fat (% fat) estimates from anthropometric equations using skinfolds (SKF) in women's ice hockey players with estimates obtained from Lunar iDXA. Data were collected on 19 elite female Swedish hockey players (mean age ± SD = 18.4 ± 2.4 years). Four SKF (triceps, abdominal, suprailiac, and thigh) were measured within 2 hours of iDXA assessments. The % fat estimates from iDXA and 4 anthropometric equations were compared using paired t tests, and a 1-way analysis of variance was used to compare % fat estimates from the anthropometric equations. Bland-Altman analyses were used to assess agreement between % fat estimates from SKF and iDXA. The significance level was set a priori at p ≤ 0.05. The % fat estimates from anthropometric equations were significantly lower than those from iDXA (mean ± SD: 26.85 ± 4.93%, p = 0.000). Bland-Altman analyses indicated mean differences of −7.96 to −10.13 percentage points between anthropometric equations and iDXA. Estimates of % fat from anthropometric equations (range: 16.72–18.89%) were within the range reported in earlier studies using the sum of 7 SKF. Thus, SKF offer a reasonable alternative to iDXA for this population but result in underestimates of % fat relative to iDXA. Strength and conditioning coaches should use the same body composition assessment method consistently, and interpret the results with caution, as they are estimates and not true values.