bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The developmental stability of inhibition from 2 to 5 years
Authors: Kloo Daniela , Sodian Beate 
Published: August 2017

Executive functions or cognitive self‐regulatory control processes are critical for children's ability to successfully navigate their academic and social environment. In this study, we focused on the development of one critical executive function skill, that of inhibitory control. In a longitudinal study, we tested 96 children at 24, 30, 36, 50, and 60 months of age with age‐appropriate measures of inhibition. We found evidence for the developmental stability of inhibitory abilities. Inhibitory control at 30 months of age was strongly related to inhibitory control at 60 months of age even when verbal IQ was partialled out.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Prior research has shown that executive functions play a key role in children's academic as well as social development. However, evidence on the stability of individual differences in executive functions, especially in preschool children, is sparse and contradictory.

What the present study adds?

The present work was designed to investigate the stability of one particular executive function, namely inhibitory control, over a relatively large period of time, from 24 to 60 months of age. The most important finding is a robust correlation between Reverse Categorization at 30 months and Simon Says at 60 months (r = .56). We argue that this further highlights the importance of early EF interventions due to a possible ‘ripple effect’.
Theorizing and researching levels of processing in self‐regulated learning
Authors: Winne Philip H. 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundDeep versus surface knowledge is widely discussed by educational practitioners. A corresponding construct, levels of processing, has received extensive theoretical and empirical attention in learning science and psychology. In both arenas, lower levels of information and shallower levels of processing are predicted and generally empirically demonstrated to limit knowledge learners gain, curtail what they can do with newly acquired knowledge, and shorten the life span of recently acquired knowledge.PurposeI recapitulate major accounts of levels or depth of information and information processing to set a stage for conceptualizing, first, self‐regulated learning (SRL) from this perspective and, second, how a “levels‐sensitive” approach might be implemented in research about SRL.MethodI merge the levels construct into a model of SRL (Winne, 2011, Handbook of self‐regulation of learning and performance (pp. 15–32), New York: Routledge; Winne, 2017b, Handbook of self‐regulation of learning and performance (2nd ed.), New York: Routledge; Winne & Hadwin, 1998, Metacognition in educational theory and practice (pp. 277–304). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum) conceptually and with respect to operationally defining the levels construct in the context of SRL in relation to each of the model's four phases – surveying task conditions, setting goals and planning, engaging the task, and composing major adaptations for future tasks. Select illustrations are provided for each phase of SRL. Regarding phase 3, a software system called nStudy is introduced as state‐of‐the‐art instrumentation for gathering fine‐grained, time‐stamped trace data about information learners select for processing and operations they use to process that information.ConclusionsSelf‐regulated learning can be viewed through a lens of the levels construct, and operational definitions can be designed to research SRL with respect to levels. While information can be organized arbitrarily deeply, the levels construct may not be particularly useful for distinguishing among processes except in a sense that, because processes in SRL operate on information with depth, they epiphenomenally acquire characteristics of levels. Thus, SRL per se is not a deeper kind of processing. Instead, it is processing more complex – deeper – information about a different topic, namely processes for learning.
Modulation of chondrocyte motility by tetrahedral DNA nanostructures
Authors: Shi Sirong , Lin Shiyu , Shao Xiaoru , Li Qianshun , Tao Zhang , Lin Yunfeng 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectivesContemporarily, a highly increasing attention was paid to nanoconstructs, particularly DNA nanostructures possessing precise organization, functional manipulation, biocompatibility and biodegradability. Amongst these DNA nanomaterials, tetrahedral DNA nanostructures (TDNs) are a significantly ideal bionanomaterials with focusing on the property that can be internalized into cytoplasm in the absence of transfection. Therefore, the focus of this study was on investigating the influence of TDNs on the chondrocytes locomotion.Materials and methodsTetrahedral DNA nanostructures was confirmed by 6% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Subsequently, the effect of TDNs on chondrocyte locomotion was investigated by real‐time cell analysis (RTCA) and wound healing assay. The variation of relevant genes and proteins was detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), western blotting and immunofluorescence respectively.ResultsWe demonstrated that tetrahedral DNA nanostructures have positive influence on chondrocytes locomotion and promoted the expression of RhoA, ROCK2 and vinculin. Additionally, upon exposure to TDNs with the concentration of 250 nmol L−1, the chondrocytes were showed the highest motility via both RTCA and wound healing assay. Meanwhile, the mRNA and protein expression of RhoA, ROCK2 and vinculin were also significantly enhanced with the same concentration.ConclusionsIt can be concluded that the TDNs with the optimal concentration of 250 nmol L−1 could extremely promoted the chondrocytes locomotion through facilitating the expression of RhoA, ROCK2 and vinculin. These results seemed to reveal that this special three‐dimensional DNA tetrahedral nanostructures may be applied to cartilage repair and treatment in the future.
Revisiting the Relationship Between Data, Models, and Decision‐Making
Authors: Ferré Ty P.A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe hydrologists can do a better job of supporting water‐resources decision‐making. I will argue that we can do this by recognizing that decision makers use qualitative, multiple‐narrative approaches. So, rather than providing single‐model predictions with quantitative uncertainties, we should develop teams of rival models that inform decision makers about what is known, what is possible, and what is unknown. This requires that we build ensembles of models that include biased, advocacy models that directly represent stakeholders' interests or concerns. From this inclusive platform, we can speak objectively and clearly about the risks that drive stakeholders' decisions. Furthermore, we will be promoting more appropriate use of the scientific method in making informed water‐resources decisions.
Context and alcohol consumption behaviors affect inhibitory control
Authors: Qureshi Adam W. , Monk Rebecca L. , Pennington Charlotte R. , Li Xiaoyun , Leatherbarrow Thomas 
Published: August 2017

AbstractContrasting the traditional focus on alcohol‐related visual images, this study examined the impact of both alcohol‐related auditory cues and visual stimuli on inhibitory control (IC). Fifty‐eight participants completed a Go/No‐Go Task, with alcohol‐related and neutral visual stimuli presented with or without short or continuous auditory bar cues. Participants performed worse when presented with alcohol‐related images and auditory cues. Problematic alcohol consumption and higher effortful control (EC) were associated with better IC performance for alcohol images. It is postulated that those with higher EC may be better able to ignore alcohol‐related stimuli, while those with problematic alcohol consumption are unconsciously less attuned to these. This runs contrary to current dogma and highlights the importance of examining both auditory and visual stimuli when investigating IC.
Euchlorocystis gen. nov. and Densicystis gen. nov., Two New Genera of Oocystaceae Algae from High‐altitude Semi‐saline Habitat (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta)
Authors: Liu Xudong , Zhu Huan , Song Huiyin , Wang Qinghua , Xiong Xiong , Wu Chenxi , Liu Guoxiang , Hu Zhengyu 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe Oocystaceae family is generally considered to contain common freshwater eukaryotic microalgae, and few are reported living in semi‐saline habitats. Our latest ecological survey in Qinghai Lake and Angzicuo Lake, both large, closed, high‐altitude, semi‐saline lakes located on the Qinghai‐Tibet plateau in China, revealed Oocystaceae species as a dominant group among plankton. Since limited knowledge exists about semi‐saline species in the Oocystaceae family, a taxonomical study was carried out using morphological and phylogenetic methods. Using this approach, four new strains of Oocystaceae were identified and successfully cultured in the lab. Molecular results correlated with morphological characters and resolved these species into at least three genera. A new genus, Euchlorocystis, with type species Euchlorocystis subsalina, is described here as having the distinctive morphology of multiple pyrenoids per chloroplast among Oocystaceae, and an independent phylogenetic position at the base of the Oocystaceae. Similarly, the genus Densicystis, with type species Densicystis glomerata, is newly proposed here as having a unique colony morphology of dozens or hundreds of little cells tightly embedded in ellipsoid to round mucilage masses. Oocystis marina, originally described from the Baltic Sea, was also identified in Qinghai Lake and Angzicuo Lake and phylogenetically positioned in the semi‐saline clade of the Oocystaceae. The result that a marine species was detected in the closed inland lakes implies a further need to reevaluate the origins of these species.
Indigenous cardiac patients’ and relatives’ experiences of hospitalisation: A narrative inquiry
Authors: Mbuzi Vainess , Fulbrook Paul , Jessup Melanie 
Published: August 2017

Aims and objectivesTo explore Indigenous people's experiences of hospitalisation for acute cardiac care.BackgroundIndigenous Australians suffer a higher burden of cardiovascular ill health and hospitalisation rates in comparison with other Australians, but there is little research that explores their perspectives of hospitalisation.DesignNarrative inquiry.MethodsInterviews were undertaken using storytelling to facilitate participants’ descriptions of their hospital experience. Data were collected during 2014–2015. A purposive sample of Indigenous cardiac patients that were admitted to hospital and their relatives participated.FindingsThe narrative revealed three linked themes that characterised Indigenous people's hospitalisation experiences: The impact of the past; The reality of the present; and Anticipating the future. Hospitalisation was challenging for participants due to their sense of dislocation and disorientation, a lack of cultural and spiritual aspects to care practices, and the poor interpersonal relationships they experienced.ConclusionsFindings revealed that there were many unmet needs during hospitalisation for Indigenous people. Past experiences and future expectations were connected in a way that impacted on participants’ current hospitalisation experience. Understanding this context, with incorporation of cultural and spiritual aspects of care may help nurses and other healthcare professionals to provide more positive interactions that in turn may contribute to improved cardiac care experiences of Indigenous people during hospitalisation. Healthcare professionals need to be aware and focused on person‐specific and contextualised aspects of Indigenous people's experience of hospitalisation for cardiac care in order to impact outcomes.Relevance to clinical practiceHealthcare professionals need to understand Indigenous people's perspectives that contribute to improved health outcomes. Stories of participants’ experiences may assist in the identification of aspects which might further the development of culturally appropriate continuity models that could effectively provide support throughout Indigenous people's hospital journeys, and beyond the hospital, and help improve associated health outcomes.
Only Near Is Dear? Doing Elderly Care with Everyday ICTs in Indian Transnational Families
Authors: Ahlin Tanja 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn Kerala, South India, young people, especially women, are encouraged to become nurses in order to migrate abroad for work and thereby improve the financial status of their family. Meanwhile, many of their parents remain in India by themselves. This is occurring in the context of a strong popular discourse of elder abandonment, related to the local norms of intergenerational co‐habitation. Based on fieldwork in Kerala and one of the nurses’ destination countries, Oman, I present evidence that complicates this discourse by showing how: (1) migration is a form of elder care practice in itself; and (2) care for the elderly continues across countries and continents with the help of information and communication technologies (ICTs). Using the theoretical approaches of science and technology studies, I analyze ICTs as key members of care collectives and argue that ICTs have a significant role in reshaping care relations at a distance.
Environmental plasticity of Pinot noir grapevine leaves: A trans‐European study of morphological and biochemical changes along a 1,500‐km latitudinal climatic gradient
Authors: Castagna Antonella , Csepregi Kristóf , Neugart Susanne , Zipoli Gaetano , Večeřová Kristýna , Jakab Gábor , Jug Tjaša , Llorens Laura , Martínez‐Abaigar Javier , Martínez‐Lüscher Johann , Núñez‐Olivera Encarnación , Ranieri Annamaria , Schoedl‐Hummel Katharina , Schreiner Monika , Teszlák Péter , Tittmann Susanne , Urban Otmar , Verdaguer Dolors , Jansen Marcel A.K. , Hideg Éva 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA 2‐year study explored metabolic and phenotypic plasticity of sun‐acclimated Vitis vinifera cv. Pinot noir leaves collected from 12 locations across a 36.69–49.98°N latitudinal gradient. Leaf morphological and biochemical parameters were analysed in the context of meteorological parameters and the latitudinal gradient. We found that leaf fresh weight and area were negatively correlated with both global and ultraviolet (UV) radiation, cumulated global radiation being a stronger correlator. Cumulative UV radiation (sumUVR) was the strongest correlator with most leaf metabolites and pigments. Leaf UV‐absorbing pigments, total antioxidant capacities, and phenolic compounds increased with increasing sumUVR, whereas total carotenoids and xanthophylls decreased. Despite of this reallocation of metabolic resources from carotenoids to phenolics, an increase in xanthophyll‐cycle pigments (the sum of the amounts of three xanthophylls: violaxanthin, antheraxanthin, and zeaxanthin) with increasing sumUVR indicates active, dynamic protection for the photosynthetic apparatus. In addition, increased amounts of flavonoids (quercetin glycosides) and constitutive β‐carotene and α‐tocopherol pools provide antioxidant protection against reactive oxygen species. However, rather than a continuum of plant acclimation responses, principal component analysis indicates clusters of metabolic states across the explored 1,500‐km‐long latitudinal gradient. This study emphasizes the physiological component of plant responses to latitudinal gradients and reveals the physiological plasticity that may act to complement genetic adaptations.
Alteration of cell wall xylan acetylation triggers defense responses that counterbalance the immune deficiencies of plants impaired in the β‐subunit of the heterotrimeric G‐protein
Authors: Escudero Viviana , Jordá Lucía , Sopeña‐Torres Sara , Mélida Hugo , Miedes Eva , Muñoz‐Barrios Antonio , Swami Sanjay , Alexander Danny , McKee Lauren S. , Sánchez‐Vallet Andrea , Bulone Vincent , Jones Alan M. , Molina Antonio 
Published: August 2017

SummaryArabidopsis heterotrimeric G‐protein complex modulates pathogen‐associated molecular pattern‐triggered immunity (PTI) and disease resistance responses to different types of pathogens. It also plays a role in plant cell wall integrity as mutants impaired in the Gβ‐ (agb1‐2) or Gγ‐subunits have an altered wall composition compared with wild‐type plants. Here we performed a mutant screen to identify suppressors of agb1‐2 (sgb) that restore susceptibility to pathogens to wild‐type levels. Out of the four sgb mutants (sgb10–sgb13) identified, sgb11 is a new mutant allele of ESKIMO1 (ESK1), which encodes a plant‐specific polysaccharide O‐acetyltransferase involved in xylan acetylation. Null alleles (sgb11/esk1‐7) of ESK1 restore to wild‐type levels the enhanced susceptibility of agb1‐2 to the necrotrophic fungus Plectosphaerella cucumerina BMM (PcBMM), but not to the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 or to the oomycete Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis. The enhanced resistance to PcBMM of the agb1‐2 esk1‐7 double mutant was not the result of the re‐activation of deficient PTI responses in agb1‐2. Alteration of cell wall xylan acetylation caused by ESK1 impairment was accompanied by an enhanced accumulation of abscisic acid, the constitutive expression of genes encoding antibiotic peptides and enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of tryptophan‐derived metabolites, and the accumulation of disease resistance‐related secondary metabolites and different osmolites. These esk1‐mediated responses counterbalance the defective PTI and PcBMM susceptibility of agb1‐2 plants, and explain the enhanced drought resistance of esk1 plants. These results suggest that a deficient PTI‐mediated resistance is partially compensated by the activation of specific cell‐wall‐triggered immune responses.
Irish English in emigrant letters
Authors: MCCAFFERTY KEVIN 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTThe language of letters, especially from lower social strata, may provide some of the best data available for pre‐twentieth‐century language history from below, because it may accurately represent features of spoken language. To illustrate how much variation – and examples of ‘non‐standard’/vernacular usage – may be extracted from letters, this study reports on a survey of citations in an early historical study of Irish emigration based on letters. The survey of citations from a study by a historian reveals numerous features of potential interest to linguists working on earlier Irish English and its influence on other Englishes, thus indicating the wealth of vernacular features that may be found in collections and corpora of personal letters.
Vernacularisation and authenticity in Irish radio advertising
Authors: O'SULLIVAN JOAN , KELLY‐HOLMES HELEN 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTThis article examines the implications of the mediatisation of Irish English vernacular forms in radio advertising in Ireland, through an analysis of a corpus of 160 radio advertisements, broadcast in the years 1977, 1987, 1997 and 2007 on a prominent Irish radio station. It investigates how vernacularisation as social change is manifested in this context, and how this process impacts the status of vernacular Irish English varieties. This study examines whether the media representation of vernaculars in the Irish radio broadcasts facilitates metalinguistic reflexivity and valorises vernacular forms, and also discusses the use of such strategies as ‘dialect stylisation’ in representing ‘authentic’ language in such contexts.
Role of nerve–muscle interactions and reactive oxygen species in regulation of muscle proteostasis with ageing
Authors: Vasilaki Aphrodite , Richardson Arlan , Van Remmen Holly , Brooks Susan V. , Larkin Lisa , McArdle Anne , Jackson Malcolm J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSkeletal muscle ageing is characterised by atrophy, a deficit in specific force generation, increased susceptibility to injury, and incomplete recovery after severe damage. The hypothesis that increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vivo plays a key role in the ageing process has been extensively studied, but remains controversial. Skeletal muscle generates ROS at rest and during exercise. ROS can cause oxidative damage particularly to proteins. Indeed, products of oxidative damage accumulate in skeletal muscle during ageing and the ability of muscle cells to respond to increased ROS becomes defective. The aim of this review is to examine the evidence that ROS manipulation in peripheral nerves and/or muscle modifies mechanisms of proteostasis in skeletal muscle and plays a key role in initiating sarcopenia.
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Cortical control of object‐specific grasp relies on adjustments of both activity and effective connectivity: a common marmoset study
Authors: Tia Banty , Takemi Mitsuaki , Kosugi Akito , Castagnola Elisa , Ansaldo Alberto , Nakamura Takafumi , Ricci Davide , Ushiba Junichi , Fadiga Luciano , Iriki Atsushi 
Published: August 2017

Key points
The cortical mechanisms of grasping have been extensively studied in macaques and humans; here, we investigated whether common marmosets could rely on similar mechanisms despite strong differences in hand morphology and grip diversity.
We recorded electrocorticographic activity over the sensorimotor cortex of two common marmosets during the execution of different grip types, which allowed us to study cortical activity (power spectrum) and physiologically inferred connectivity (phase‐slope index).
Analyses were performed in beta (16–35 Hz) and gamma (75–100 Hz) frequency bands and our results showed that beta power varied depending on grip type, whereas gamma power displayed clear epoch‐related modulation.
Strength and direction of inter‐area connectivity varied depending on grip type and epoch.
These findings suggest that fundamental control mechanisms are conserved across primates and, in future research, marmosets could represent an adequate model to investigate primate brain mechanisms.
AbstractThe cortical mechanisms of grasping have been extensively studied in macaques and humans. Here, we investigated whether common marmosets could rely on similar mechanisms despite striking differences in manual dexterity. Two common marmosets were trained to grasp‐and‐pull three objects eliciting different hand configurations: whole‐hand, finger and scissor grips. The animals were then chronically implanted with 64‐channel electrocorticogram arrays positioned over the left premotor, primary motor and somatosensory cortex. Power spectra, reflecting predominantly cortical activity, and phase‐slope index, reflecting the direction of information flux, were studied in beta (16–35 Hz) and gamma (75–100 Hz) bands. Differences related to grip type, epoch (reach, grasp) and cortical area were statistically assessed. Results showed that whole‐hand and scissor grips triggered stronger beta desynchronization than finger grip. Task epochs clearly modulated gamma power, especially for finger and scissor grips. Considering effective connectivity, finger and scissor grips evoked stronger outflow from primary motor to premotor cortex, whereas whole‐hand grip displayed the opposite pattern. These findings suggest that fundamental control mechanisms, relying on adjustments of cortical activity and connectivity, are conserved across primates. Consistently, marmosets could represent a good model to investigate primate brain mechanisms.