bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unravelling the role of SHANK3 mutations in targeted therapies for autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Li Xingshen 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAutism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) presents a significant challenge due to its complex genetic basis and associated comorbidities. Among the genes implicated in ASD, SHANK3 has been identified as a critical player, affecting synaptic structure and function. This review examines the role of SHANK3 in ASD, highlighting the genetic diversity and the systemic nature of the disorder. Utilizing animal models, studies have uncovered autism-like behaviours and synaptic dysfunctions linked to SHANK3 deficiency, suggesting potential therapeutic targets. Furthermore, the review delves into the specific gene families associated with ASD, emphasizing the dynamic regulation between translation and transcription processes and the impact of mutations on synaptic translation and proteins. Molecular changes in SHANK3-deficient animal models reveal alterations in protein composition, localization, and transcription, particularly affecting the striatum and involving essential proteins and signalling pathways. Therapeutic strategies, including pharmaceutical compounds and genetic restoration, show promise in addressing the neuropsychiatric symptoms and physiological abnormalities observed in SHANK3-deficient mice. This research not only advances our understanding of ASD's neurobiological basis but also underscores the potential of targeted interventions to mitigate symptoms and improve the quality of life for individuals affected by ASD and related disorders.
Knowns and Unknowns in Future Human Pressures on the Ocean
Authors: Vargas‐Fonseca O. Alejandra , Frazier Melanie , Lombard Amanda T. , Halpern Benjamin S. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGrowing demands on ocean resources are placing increasing pressures on ocean ecosystems. To assess the current state of knowledge of future human pressures on the ocean, we conducted a literature review of recent and projected trends of 25 anthropogenic pressures, comprising most of the identified human pressures on the global oceans. To better understand gaps in the data, we developed a comprehensive framework of the activities contributing to each pressure. All pressures were allocated to five categories (biological disruption, disturbance and removal, altered ocean chemistry, pollution, and climate pressures). All pressures are expected to worsen in the future under business‐as‐usual scenarios (or similar) based on past trajectories and/or models of future scenarios. Eight of the pressures assessed have not been projected into the future (diseases and pathogens, introduced coastal wildlife predation, disruption to sediment dynamics, wildlife strikes, organic and inorganic chemical pollution, light and noise pollution), likely due to the limited availability of data describing current pressures, the challenges of modeling future pressures, and high levels of uncertainty. We thus recommend they receive priority attention to assess their likely future trajectories, given their potential magnitude of influence.
First Observation of Temporal Variation of STEVE Altitudes Using Triangulation by Two Color Cameras
Authors: Chen L. , Shiokawa K. , Connors M. , Kato Y. , Tsuboi T. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe present a unique triangulation measurement of Strong Thermal Emission Velocity Enhancement (STEVE) observed on Sept 3rd, 2022, at Athabasca, Canada. Using two Digital single‐lens reflex (DSLR) color cameras with all‐sky fish‐eye lenses, we show the profile of STEVE altitude variation over time in 1 min resolution for the first time. We estimate the altitude variation of its visible purplish arc and green picket fence structures. We also compare the DLSR camera images with narrowband all‐sky images of an Optical Mesosphere Thermosphere Imager (OMTI) to see the correspondence of color camera images with 630 nm and OH‐band auroral/airglow emission images. The height of the purplish STEVE arc was stable at 150–170 km while present (∼0,546–0,633 UT), except for a short excursion to ∼200 km at 0,600 UT. The green picket fence structures appeared at 0,549 UT when the intensity of the STEVE arc started to intensify. They presented only for ∼7 min, and their altitude was steady at ∼110 km. The vertical movement of the STEVE arc to ∼200 km was found to be accompanied by the motion across the local magnetic field lines, suggesting a southward E × B drift underlying the westward ion drift. From the comparison with the OMTI images, we find that the purplish STEVE arc moved closer to the 630 nm arc in the all‐sky image when it rose to a higher altitude, indicating the occurrence of electron heating at a same or slightly higher altitude than the STEVE.
Novel concept-based image captioning models using LSTM and multi-encoder transformer architecture
Authors: Osman Asmaa A. E. , Shalaby Mohamed A. Wahby , Soliman Mona M. , Elsayed Khaled M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCaptioning an image involves using a combination of vision and language models to describe the image in an expressive and concise sentence. Successful captioning task requires extracting as much information as possible from the corresponding image. One of these key pieces of information is the topic to which the image belongs. The state-of-the-art methods used topic modeling depending only on caption text in order to extract these topics. The problem with extracting the topics using topic modeling only on caption text is that it lacks the consideration of the image’s semantic information. Instead, concept modeling extracts the concepts directly from the images in addition to considering the corresponding caption text. Concept modeling can be used in image captioning to extremely capture the image contexts and benefit from it to produce more accurate descriptions. In this paper, novel image captioning models are proposed by utilizing the concept modeling technique. The first concept-based model is proposed by utilizing LSTM as a decoder while the second model is proposed in association with new multi-encoder transformer architecture. Standard metrics have been used to evaluate the proposed models using Microsoft COCO and Flickr30K datasets. The proposed models outperformed the related work methods with reduced computational complexity.
Lewis base promoted [4 + 2] annulation of o-acylamino-aryl MBH carbonates with isatin
Authors: Shen Li-Wen , Luo Nian , Jia Yun-Qing , Wang Guang-Wei , Yuan Shu-Pei , Xiang Min 
Published: September 2024

This study reports the first [4 + 2] annulation reaction of o-acylamino-aryl MBH carbonates and isatin. This approach has enabled the first synthesis of the 1,4-dihydrospiro[benzo[d][1,3]oxazine-2,4′-oxindoles] scaffold, achieving yields of up to 98%.
The Normal Growth Rate of Human Fingernails in Indian Population
Authors: Babu Vishnu , Ibrahim Mohamed , Pandian K Shyamnath Krishna , Madhavan Latha , Sharma Anirudha N. , R. Krishnamoorthy , Thatte Mukund , Bhat Anil , K. Sridhar 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background: India, with a large population working in industries, has a considerable amount of nail bed injuries day to day as well as infections and other issues with nails. However, there are no normative data for nail growth in our population. This study aims to measure and analyze the rate of nail growth in the Indian population, which will be a valuable tool for clinical assessment and treatment.
Objective: The aim of the study was to estimate the average rate of nail growth of all fingers in the Indian population between the age group of 18 to 40 years.
Materials and Methods: Fifty young adults whose 500 fingernails were painted with three coats of nail polish following a standardized protocol, and the rate of the growth of the nails was recorded with a digital Vernier caliper from the nail fold every 10 days for 1 month.
Results: The average fingernail growth is 0.103 mm/d. There is no correlation of nail growth with sex or hand dominance. Nail growth is more in the left index finger (0.13 mm/d) and the left thumb, while it is the least in little fingers (0.101 mm/d). Initial fingernail growth was higher in older individuals, however. At the end of the study period, nail growth was equal. The nail growth rate reduces as the days progress.
Conclusion: We have reported the normative data of nail growth as 0.103 mm per day. In the majority of the healthy population, this rate would hold true.
Traditional owner-led wartaji (dingo) research in Pirra Country (Great Sandy Desert): a case study from the Nyangumarta Warrarn Indigenous Protected Area
Authors: Smith Bradley P. , Loughridge Jacob , Rangers Nyangumarta , Wright Charlie , Badal Augustine , Rose Nyaparu (Margaret) , Hunter Elliot , Kalpers José 
Published: September 2024

Warning This article may contain images, names of or references to deceased Aboriginal people. The Nyangumarta people are the Traditional Owners of more than 33,000 km2 of land and sea in north-western Australia, encompassing Pirra Country (The Great Sandy Desert) and nearby coastal areas. They are also the custodians and managers of the Nyangumarta Warrarn Indigenous Protected Area (IPA). The wartaji (or dingo) holds immense cultural significance for the Nyangumarta people and is a vital part of a healthy Country. This inspired the community and rangers to focus on the wartaji as a key part of the management objectives of the IPA. We detail the development of the resulting collaborative research project between the IPA rangers and university-based scientists. The project not only presented an opportunity for the Nyangumarta community to deepen their understanding of wartaji residing on their Country, but also upskilled the Nyangumarta rangers in wartaji monitoring and management. This project is a testament to the importance of First Nations groups developing and addressing their research priorities. IPA-managed lands and associated ranger programs offer the perfect opportunity, funding and support to make these conservation-related decisions and implement actions. The collaboration with academic and non-academic researchers promises to enhance this conservation effort through mutual learning.
A method to observe field-region oxide charge and inter-electrode isolation from CV-characteristics of n-on-p devices
Authors: Abdilov T. , Akchurin N. , Carty C. , Kazhykarim Y. , Kuryatkov V. , Peltola T. , Wade A. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

N-on-p silicon sensors will be utilized in the Compact
Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector's tracker and High Granularity
Calorimeter (HGCAL) in the High Luminosity upgrade of the Large
Hadron Collider (HL-LHC). Among their several advantages in terms
of radiation hardness over the traditional p-on-n sensors in the
extreme radiation environment of the HL-LHC are electron collection
instead of holes and overlapping maxima of weighting and electric
fields at the charge-collecting electrodes. The disadvantage of the
multi-channel SiO2-passivated n-on-p sensors is the
generation of an inversion layer under the Si/SiO2-interface by a
positive interface-oxide-charge (N
ox) that at high
densities can compromise the position resolution by creating a
conduction channel between the electrodes. This issue is typically
addressed by including additional isolnts (p-stp, p-spray)
between n+-electrodes. Focusing on the guard-ring regions of
n-on-p sensors where no isolation implants are applied between
the electrodes, a capacitance-voltage (CV) characterization study
of both 6-inch wafer test diodes and 8-inch HGCAL prototype and
pre-series sensors showed a distinct threshold voltage
(V
th,iso) in the CV-characteristics of a biased
n+-electrode when its enclosing guard-ring was left
floating. When reproduced by simulations, the measured
V
th,iso was found to contain information on the
field-region N
ox and indicate the threshold where the
two electrodes become electrically isolated by the influence of the
reverse bias voltage. Together with previous studies on the
inter-electrode isolation of irradiated n-on-p sensors, the
results indicate that position sensitive n-on-p sensors without
isolation implants may be feasible in future HEP experiments.
Innovating a Community-driven Enumeration and Needs Assessment of People Experiencing Homelessness: A Network Sampling Approach for the HUD-Mandated Point-in-Time Count
Authors: Almquist Zack W , Kahveci Ihsan , Hazel Mary Ashley , Kajfasz Owen , Rothfolk Janelle , Guilmette Claire , Anderson M C , Ozeryansky Larisa , Hagopian Amy 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
To enumerate people experiencing homelessness in the U.S., the federal Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) mandates its designated local jurisdictions regularly conduct a crude census of this population. This Point-in-Time (PIT) body count, typically conducted on a January night by volunteers with flashlights and clipboards, is often followed by interviews with a separate convenience sample. Here, we propose employing a network-based (peer-referral) respondent-driven sampling (RDS) method to generate a representative sample of unsheltered people, accompanied by a novel method to generate a statistical estimate of the number of unsheltered people in the jurisdiction. First, we develop a power analysis for the sample size of our RDS survey to count unsheltered people experiencing homelessness. Then, we conducted three large-scale population-representative samples in King County, WA (Seattle metro) in 2022, 2023, and 2024. We describe the data collection and the application of our new method, comparing the 2020 PIT count (the last visual PIT count performed in King County) to the new method 2022 and 2024 PIT counts. We conclude with a discussion and future directions.
DeepIRES: a hybrid deep learning model for accurate identification of internal ribosome entry sites in cellular and viral mRNAs
Authors: Zhao Jian , Chen Zhewei , Zhang Meng , Zou Lingxiao , He Shan , Liu Jingjing , Wang Quan , Song Xiaofeng , Wu Jing 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The internal ribosome entry site (IRES) is a cis-regulatory element that can initiate translation in a cap-independent manner. It is often related to cellular processes and many diseases. Thus, identifying the IRES is important for understanding its mechanism and finding potential therapeutic strategies for relevant diseases since identifying IRES elements by experimental method is time-consuming and laborious. Many bioinformatics tools have been developed to predict IRES, but all these tools are based on structure similarity or machine learning algorithms. Here, we introduced a deep learning model named DeepIRES for precisely identifying IRES elements in messenger RNA (mRNA) sequences. DeepIRES is a hybrid model incorporating dilated 1D convolutional neural network blocks, bidirectional gated recurrent units, and self-attention module. Tenfold cross-validation results suggest that DeepIRES can capture deeper relationships between sequence features and prediction results than other baseline models. Further comparison on independent test sets illustrates that DeepIRES has superior and robust prediction capability than other existing methods. Moreover, DeepIRES achieves high accuracy in predicting experimental validated IRESs that are collected in recent studies. With the application of a deep learning interpretable analysis, we discover some potential consensus motifs that are related to IRES activities. In summary, DeepIRES is a reliable tool for IRES prediction and gives insights into the mechanism of IRES elements.
Outcome after left ventricular assist device exchange
Authors: Niamat Jaiel , Ramjankhan Faiz , Van Der Kaaij Niels , Gianoli Monica , Van Laake Linda W , Mokhles Mostafa M 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) therapy has evolved from a short-term bridge-to-transplant strategy into a long-term and often chronic therapy due to long waiting times for heart transplantation and application as destination therapy. Consequently, patients are at risk of developing complications necessitating LVAD exchange. The aim of this study is to assess patient outcomes after LVAD exchange.

METHODS
Patients who underwent LVAD exchange between January 2010 and December 2022 were included. Logistic and cox regression analyses were used to identify potential risk factors for short and long-term adverse events, respectively. Survival after exchange was assessed using Kaplan–Meier estimates.

RESULTS
Sixty-one patients underwent a total of 80 LVAD exchanges. Most frequently observed short-term complications were pulmonary infections (16.3%) and right heart failure (16.3%). Exit-site infections (34.7%) and device malfunctions (25.3%) were the most often observed long-term complications. HeartWare ventricular assist device as index device was associated with a higher risk of right heart failure [hazard ratio 6.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.80–22.90] and respiratory failure (hazard ratio 7.81, 95% CI 1.95–31.23) compared to HeartMate II and HeartMate 3. Survival was 83% (95% CI 75.5–95.3%) at 1 year and 67% (95% CI 53.9–84.7%) at 6 years after exchange. After 5 years, 25.0% was transplanted, 23.8% had undergone a re-exchange and 32.5% was alive without new intervention.

CONCLUSIONS
Although LVAD exchange can be performed with a relatively low mortality, other post-operative adverse events are common. Patients with the HeartWare ventricular assist device as index device may be at higher risk of developing right heart failure and respiratory failure after exchange.
Refugee Memoirs: Kouamé’s Revenu des ténèbres (2018) and Dina Nayeri’s The Ungrateful Refugee (2019) and the Challenge of Refugee Narratives
Authors: Kistnareddy Ashwiny O 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In their introduction to Values of Literature, Hanna Meretoja and Pyro Lyytikäinen argue that ‘little attention has been paid to the ethical relevance of different literary genres and to the very different functions of literary texts that make literature valuable’.1 Literature has several ‘uses’ according to Rita Felski (2008), amongst which are the ‘knowledge’ and ‘shock’ elements insofar as they enable readers to change their perception of the world. Examining what I term ‘refugee memoirs’ as an emergent genre and its uses in enabling readers to interrogate dominant discourses about refugees in the UK, Europe and North America, I argue that refugee memoirs contest right-wing narratives that seek to shape society’s view of asylum-seekers and refugees and enable readers to see refugees' lived experiences through new perspective. Thereby, these narratives also permit a rehumanization of refugees and a comprehension of their losses and positions.
New Insights into the Diversity of Mitochondrial Plastid DNA
Authors: Nhat Nam Nguyen , Pham Anh Thi Nguyen , Do Hoang Dang Khoa 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The mitochondrial plastid DNAs (MTPTs) in seed plants were reported more than 40 years ago and exhibited a high diversity regarding gene content, quantity, and size. However, the mechanism that resulted in the current diversity of MTPTs in angiosperms has not been fully discovered. In this study, we sequenced and characterized the complete organelle genomes of Limonia acidissima L., a monotypic species of Rutaceae. The newly generated and previously published organelle genomes of 42 species were used to explore the diversity of MTPTs regarding quantity, gene content, size, and coverage of chloroplast genome (cpDNA) regions. The results showed that the number of MTPTs ranged from three to 74, of which the lengths were from 100 to 53,731 bp. The highest coverage of MTPTs was found in the inverted repeat region, whereas the small single repeat region had the lowest coverage. Based on the previous data and current results, we propose a scenario for the diversity of MTPTs in angiosperms. In the first stage, the whole cpDNA might migrate to the mitogenome. Then, different genomic events, such as duplication, deletion, substitution, and inversion, have occurred continuously and independently and resulted in extremely variable profiles of mitogenomes among angiosperms. Our hypothesis provides a new and possibly reliable scenario for explaining the present circumstances of MTPTs in angiosperms. However, more genomic data should be mined, and more studies should be conducted to clarify this natural phenomenon in plants.
The Genomic and Cultural Diversity of the Inka Qhapaq Hucha Ceremony in Chile and Argentina
Authors: de la Fuente Castro Constanza , Cortés Constanza , Raghavan Maanasa , Castillo Daniela , Castro Mario , Verdugo Ricardo A , Moraga Mauricio 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The South American archaeological record has ample evidence of the socio-cultural dynamism of human populations in the past. This has also been supported through the analysis of ancient genomes, by showing evidence of gene flow across the region. While the extent of these signals is yet to be tested, the growing number of ancient genomes allows for more fine-scaled hypotheses to be evaluated. In this study, we assessed the genetic diversity of individuals associated with the Inka ritual, Qhapaq hucha. As part of this ceremony, one or more individuals were buried with Inka and local-style offerings on mountain summits along the Andes, leaving a very distinctive record. Using paleogenomic tools, we analyzed three individuals: two newly generated genomes from El Plomo Mountain (Chile) and El Toro Mountain (Argentina), and a previously published genome from Argentina (Aconcagua Mountain). Our results reveal a complex demographic scenario with each of the individuals showing different genetic affinities. Furthermore, while two individuals showed genetic similarities with present-day and ancient populations from the southern region of the Inka empire, the third individual may have undertaken long-distance movement. The genetic diversity we observed between individuals from similar cultural contexts supports the highly diverse strategies Inka implemented while incorporating new territories. More broadly, this research contributes to our growing understanding of the population dynamics in the Andes by discussing the implications and temporality of population movements in the region.