bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real-World Early Treatment with Room Temperature–Stable Recombinant Factor VIIa in Hemophilia A/B and Inhibitors: SMART-7™ Post Hoc Analyses
Authors: Demartis Francesco , Batorova Angelika , Chambost Hervé , Eshghi Peyman , Karimi Mehran , Kavakli Kaan , El Fegoun Soraya , Cepo Katarina , Vestergaard Lene , Benson Gary 
Published: December 2017

AbstractTreating hemophilia A or B patients with inhibitors is particularly challenging, as they do not respond to replacement therapy with factor VIII or factor IX concentrates. A room temperature–stable formulation of recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa; NovoSeven®), which provides improved convenience and treatment access to patients compared with the earlier formulation of rFVIIa, was shown to be safe and effective in a post-authorization, multinational, observational study (Study Monitoring Antibodies against Room Temperature–stable factor 7 [SMART-7™]). In post hoc, subgroup analyses of SMART-7™ data, the hemostatic response following rFVIIa monotherapy in patients with hemophilia A or B with inhibitors by time to first treatment and in different age cohorts was assessed. A total of 482/618 bleeding episodes treated with rFVIIa monotherapy and with (1) valid efficacy assessment, (2) no missing time for bleed start, (3) no missing time for any dose administration, and (4) valid time to first treatment were included in the analyses. Data on the type and location of bleeding episodes treated with rFVIIa monotherapy were also collected. The majority of bleeding episodes treated with rFVIIa monotherapy were treated within 1 hour after bleeding onset (318/482 [66%]) and, among them, 96.5% (307/318) were effectively treated (i.e., bleeding stopped). Hemostatic efficacy remained high for bleeding episodes treated >1 to ≤4 hours after the onset, with 94/101 (93.1%) treated effectively. Cause and location of bleeding varied across the different age groups assessed. Real-world evidence from post hoc, subgroup analyses of SMART-7™ data confirmed that patients were able to treat themselves quickly and that early treatment with rFVIIa was associated with high efficacy.
An Infant with Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome in the Setting of Hydranencephaly
Authors: Avidan O. , Craig A. , Deerwester K. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAn infant of 37 weeks' gestation was born with signs and symptoms of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). Upon further investigation, he was found to have congenital hydranencephaly, a condition in which the forebrain is absent. In this case report, we explore the mechanisms of NAS and hydranencephaly, and why an infant without a forebrain can still experience NAS symptoms.
Outcomes of Resident-Performed Descemet's Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty
Authors: Beketova Tatyana , Pfeiffer Margaret , Chuang Alice , Kim Gene 
Published: December 2017

Purpose This article aimed to evaluate outcomes of resident-performed Descemet's stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK).
Methods This is a case series of patients who underwent DSAEK performed by PGY-4 ophthalmology residents at Lyndon B. Johnson Hospital from January 2013 to August 2016 staffed by a fellowship-trained cornea specialist. Patients with less than 1 month of follow-up were excluded. Demographics, baseline ocular characteristics, and intraoperative data were recorded. Vision and graft status were recorded at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and the last follow-up visits. Surgical failure was defined as graft detachment within 1 week of surgery and/or primary graft failure within 3 months of surgery.
Results Eighteen eyes of 18 patients who followed up for 14.9 months (±12.9) were included. Mean age of patients was 60.9 years (±13.2). Indications for DSAEK included pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (10), Fuchs endothelial dystrophy (4), and other causes of endothelial dysfunction (4). Eleven (61%) eyes had prior ocular surgery, and 7 (39%) had prior glaucoma surgery. There were no postoperative graft detachments and two (11%) primary graft failures. There was one primary graft failure in a glaucoma patient. Of the 16 graft successes, logMAR visual acuity improved by 0.46 logMAR (±0.73) from baseline.
Conclusion With appropriate staffing by an experienced cornea surgeon, DSAEK with residents as the primary surgeons is a safe and effective procedure with reasonably good outcomes.
Prolonged Convulsive Status Epilepticus in Thai Children: Mortality Rate and its Predictors
Authors: Saengow Vitchayaporn , Trenavit Pairat , Sakpichaisakul Kullasate 
Published: December 2017

AbstractConvulsive status epilepticus (CSE) is the most common neurological emergency condition among children and is associated with significant mortality and morbidity. Yet, there are little data on this condition in the context of Thailand. To address this information gap, we studied children with prolonged CSE in a major regional referral hospital to measure the case–fatality rate and predictors for fatal outcomes. Infants and children at least 1 month of age diagnosed with prolonged CSE (by the International League Against Epilepsy [ILAE] 2015 criteria), from January 1, 2011 to June 30, 2012 at a large tertiary hospital in Northeast Thailand, were analyzed. Data were collected from the medical record on demographic, etiology, treatment, and clinical course. Clinical outcomes were determined prospectively at 1, 3, and 6 months following hospital discharge. Sixty patients with CSE (31 males, 29 females) of mean age 3.8 years were identified. Eighteen children (30.0%) had been previously diagnosed with epilepsy. Their CSE etiologies were acute symptomatic (48.3%), febrile (30.0%), remote symptomatic (10.0%), idiopathic (6.7%), and progressive symptomatic (5.0%). Overall mortality was 11.7% (short-term ≤ 30 days, 5%; long-term > 30 days, 6.7%). High overall mortality rate was associated with delays in initiating treatment (p < 0.05, adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 10.5; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2–89.7) and prolonged seizure duration > 90 minutes (p < 0.05, adjusted OR: 21.9; 95% CI: 1.9–257.6). With a high mortality rate of 11.7% among children with CSE, initiating early treatment according to established guidelines is essential to avoid this outcome.
12.1.5 Pyrazoles (Update 2017)
Authors: Götzinger A. C. , Müller T. J. J. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis review presents an overview of the developments in pyrazole synthesis since the beginning of the 21st century. It includes the synthesis of the pyrazole core by ring-closing reactions, ring expansion or contraction, and aromatization. The introduction of substituents onto the pyrazole ring is also covered. Novel synthetic methods that have been developed since the original Science of Synthesis review on pyrazoles (Section 12.1) include various multicomponent approaches in which multiple bonds are formed, cross coupling, and C—H activation reactions of pyrazole derivatives.
1.1 Polyene Cyclizations
Authors: Shenvi R. A. , Wan K. K. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA domino transformation consists of a first chemical reaction enabling a second reaction, which can then effect a third reaction, and so on, all under the same reaction conditions. A polyene cyclization is defined as a reaction between two or more double bonds contained within the same molecule to form one or more rings via one or more C—C bond-forming events. Herein, domino polyene cyclizations are discussed, with an emphasis on operationally simple methods of broad utility. From the perspective of synthesis theory, polyene cyclizations are a powerful approach for the efficient generation of both complexity and diversity, with the potential for a single synthetic route to generate a series of both constitutional and stereochemical isomers. However, with some noteworthy exceptions, the ability to controllably cyclize a linear chain to multiple products with high selectivity still generally eludes synthetic chemists and represents a significant chemical frontier for further development.
1.5.3 Brook Rearrangement as the Key Step in Domino Reactions
Authors: Kirschning A. , Gille F. , Wolling M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe Brook rearrangement has lost its Cinderella status over the past twenty years since being embedded into cascade reaction sequences. The powerful formation of carbanions through silyl migration has been exploited for the development of many new methodologies and has been used as a key transformation in complex natural product syntheses. Now, the Brook rearrangement belongs to the common repertoire of synthetic organic chemists.
2.5 Biomimetic Oxidation in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Vicens L. , Borrell M. , Costas M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractOxidation reactions performed by metalloenzymes are regarded as a model for the development of novel methods that could represent a more sustainable alternative to traditional oxidants, or that could also introduce novel selectivity. Herein, are collected oxidation methodologies that reproduce reactivity aspects of enzymatic systems and that find use for synthetic purposes. This includes catalytic systems based on iron, manganese, and copper that allow for the functionalization of aliphatic C—H bonds leading to halide and pseudohalide insertion, the epoxidation and cis-dihydroxylation of alkenes, the oxidation of alkanes, the oxidation of alcohols, and the hydroxylation of phenols.
5.3 Aminohydroxylation and Aminooxygenation of Alkenes
Authors: Chemler S. R. , Wdowik T. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe aminohydroxylation of alkenes provides β-amino alcohols (vicinal amino alcohols). A number of alkene aminohydroxylation protocols (and those of related reactions termed oxyamination and aminooxygenation), predominantly enabled by transition-metal catalysis, are described in this chapter, which focuses on literature published in the period 1996–2015. Cyclic and acyclic compounds containing vicinal amino alcohols and derivatives thereof can be prepared from alkenes with good regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselectivity.
5.4 Halogenation and Halocyclization of Alkenes
Authors: Andries-Ulmer A. , Gulder T. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractHalogenated compounds are of high importance in many disciplines, even beyond chemistry. The unique properties that can be traced back to the halogen atom make the development of methods for selectively installing carbon—halogen bonds a rewarding goal. This chapter provides an overview of effective methods for the chemo-, regio-, and, in particular, stereoselective formation of C—X bonds using different oxidative approaches.
7 Gold-Catalyzed Oxidation of Alkynes
Authors: Calleja P. , Dorel R. , Echavarren A. M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis chapter reviews gold-catalyzed inter- and intramolecular oxidative reactions of alkynes proceeding through α-oxo gold(I) carbenes or related intermediates. Oxidative reactions of enynes and applications of gold-catalyzed oxidative reactions in total synthesis are also covered.
8.2 Enantioselective Oxidation of Alcohols
Authors: Stoltz B. M. , Wright A. C. , Ebner D. C. , Park N. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDescribed herein is a review of methods for the enantioselective oxidation of alcohol derivatives to afford enantioenriched alcohols from the corresponding racemates. This review emphasizes recent discoveries in the field, i.e. those that have been reported since 2011. Topics covered include transfer hydrogenation, aerobic metal catalysis, nitroxyl-based radical catalysis, manganese catalysis, and biocatalysis.
12 Aerobic Oxidative Intermolecular Cross-Coupling and Heck Reactions
Authors: Bellina F. , Perego L. A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractTransition-metal-catalyzed aerobic oxidative C—C bond forming couplings allow the synthesis of alkenyl-, (het)aryl-, and alkynyl-substituted (het)arenes by activation of C—H bonds on both of the reaction partners.
1.3 Reduction of Arenes
Authors: Dai X. , Shi F. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe group VIII metals, boranes, and Lewis pairs can catalyze the reduction of arenes to afford cycloalkanes. Cycloalkenes, as the intermediate product in the reduction of arenes, can also be generated by the partial reduction of arenes in the presence of ruthenium- and rhodium-based catalysts, but the selective partial reduction of polycyclic arenes to cycloalkenes still remains a challenge.
1.4 Reduction of Hetarenes
Authors: Chen Z.-P. , Zhou Y.-G. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe reduction of hetarenes provides a practical and efficient route to the corresponding saturated or partially saturated heterocycles, which are important structural motifs in many biologically active reagents and synthetic drugs. In the past decades, this approach has been extensively developed and it now represents a very powerful tool in organic synthesis. This chapter provides an overview of the reduction of hetarenes. Both heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis approaches involving hydrogenations and transfer hydrogenations with transition-metal catalysts are discussed. Moreover, enantioselective approaches are also covered.
1.5 Catalytic Reduction of Alkynes and Allenes
Authors: Bonrath W. , Medlock J. A. , Müller M.-A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCatalytic reductions are one of the most important transformations in the chemical industry. In the field of alkyne and allene reduction, the most widely used method is hydrogenation. Numerous processes have been developed and implemented in the fine chemical and pharmaceutical industries for the production of a wide variety of alkenes and alkanes. This review provides an overview of the best (selective) reduction methods, from the use of the classic supported transition metal catalysts (e.g., the Lindlar catalyst) to more recently developed homogeneous catalysts which show alternative reactivity and selectivity, including preferential formation of E-alkenes.
1.7 Hydrogenolysis of Ethers
Authors: Nakagawa Y. , Tamura M. , Tomishige K. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSelective hydrogenolysis of ethers to alcohols and hydrocarbons is becoming possible with appropriate metal catalysts. Total removal of oxygen atoms from functionalized ethers to give alkanes, especially from furan derivatives toward biofuels, is catalyzed by a combination of metal and acid.
La duplicación de clíticos en español como estrategia de marcación inversa
Authors: Pericchi Natalia , Cornillie Bert , Van de Velde Freek , Davidse Kristin 
Published: December 2017

AbstractClitic doubling is the phenomenon in which, in a clause, a NP or a stressed pronoun and a clitic pronoun refer to the same entity and have the same syntactic function. Previous studies on this phenomenon in Spanish observe that it takes place when the elements involved have features such as +preposition and +definiteness that make them prone to topicalization, such as with stressed pronouns (Silva-Corvalán, 1984;Melis and Flores, 2009;Vázquez Rozas and García Salido, 2012). However, we have found that in 19th and 20th Century Spanish, doubling often occurs with elements that are not typically topical, such as indefinite NPs. On the basis of a sample of the Argentinian variety from the CORDE and CREA corpora we found that doubling in ditransitive clauses has two functions: it can mark topical indirect objects, but it can also flaginverse distributionswhich have unexpected promotion of the direct object and demotion of the indirect object in the accessibility scale.
Food and companion animal welfare: the Islamic perspective.
Authors: Fuseini A. , Knowles T. G. , Hadley P. J. , Wotton S. B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Much has been published regarding the animal welfare aspects of Halal slaughter, particularly when carried out without stunning. Although a significant number of animals are being stunned prior to Halal slaughter in the developed world, in fact, the majority of non-Muslims in these countries are still of the view that Muslims do not generally have compassion when it comes to the treatment of food animals, particularly at the point of slaughter. This is, however, a direct contrast to the teachings of Islam, as laid down in the Quran and the
Hadith
(Islamic scriptures). The Prophet of Islam, Mohammed (Peace Be Upon Him), through whom the Quran was revealed, was a known animal welfare advocate, and it is well documented that he disapproved and reprimanded any of his companions who fell short of the etiquette with respect to the treatment of animals in their care. This paper explores some important verses in the Quran, authentic narrations from the
Hadith
and academic literature on the welfare of both food and companion animals.
Aerobic training but no resistance training increases SIRT3 in skeletal muscle of sedentary obese male adolescents
Authors: Vargas‐Ortiz Katya , Pérez‐Vázquez Victoriano , Figueroa Arturo , Díaz Francisco J. , Montaño‐Ascencio Paulina G. , Macías‐Cervantes Maciste H. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn recent years, prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents has increased. A strategy for prevention and management of obesity is aerobic training (AT) due to its effectiveness to decrease fat mass. AT increases the content of SIRT3, a mitochondrial protein that increases the expression of PGC‐1α and NFR1, thereby enhances mitochondrial function and metabolic health. Resistance training (RT) provides metabolic benefits but its effect on SIRT3 content is unknown. To compare the effect of AT and RT on SIRT3, PGC‐1α and NRF‐1 protein levels in skeletal muscle of sedentary obese adolescents. Twenty‐seven sedentary obese male adolescents (age: 16.7 ± 0.9 years; BMI: 33.7 ± 4.3 kg/m2) completed a 1‐month control period prior to randomization to one of two supervised exercise protocols: AT (3 days/week, 40 min/day, 70–80% peak heart rate) or RT (3 days/week, 11 exercises, 2 sets/exercise, 12 repetitions/set) for 12 weeks. Biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis muscle before and after 12 weeks to analyse SIRT3, PGC‐1α and NRF‐1 proteins content. Peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) and anthropometric variables were evaluated before and after training. AT increased SIRT3 content, which was associated with improvements in PGC‐1α content and body fat percentage. RT did not affect SIRT3 or PGC‐1α. VO2peak increased only in AT. The increase in muscle mitochondrial SIRT3 was observed only following AT. In contrast, RT increased muscle mass without improving SIRT3 in obese male adolescents.
Home Literacy Environment and Shared Reading in the Newborn Period
Authors: Sinclair Elizabeth M. , McCleery Ellen J. , Koepsell Lorraine , Zuckerman Katharine E. , Stevenson Ellen B. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT:

In 2014, the American Academy of Pediatrics and Reach Out and Read formally emphasized counseling families on shared reading starting at birth. However, little data exist on the home reading practices and environments of newborn infants.

Objective:
To characterize the home reading practices and environments of 2-week-old infants.

Methods:
We distributed writtens self-administered surveys to 223 families seen for 2-week well-child visits. The survey assessed the frequency of shared reading, “favorite activities” with infants (including shared reading), number of books in the home, and sources of reading information. Descriptive and multivariate statistics were computed to assess the frequency of primary outcomes and sociodemographic associations.

Results:
At the 2-week well-child visit, 57.7% of families had not yet started reading with their infants. A minority of families (29.1%) reported shared reading as a favorite activity. Thirty-five percent of families reported having ≤10 books in the home. Non-white race and having lived outside the United States were significantly associated with having ≤10 books in the home. Parents who reported not always enjoying reading were less likely to have started reading to their infant.

Conclusion:
Differences in both book ownership and having initiated shared reading are present from the newborn period. Findings suggest an opportunity for the provision of children's books in early infancy through primary care, particularly for immigrant and minority families. Engaging parents to incorporate language-rich activities, including shared reading, with their infants may be especially important for those who have a history of not being read to or who do not report enjoying reading.
Assessment of Masses of the External Ear With Diffusion-Weighted MR Imaging
Authors: Razek Ahmed Abdel Khalek Abdel 
Published: December 2017

Purpose:
To assess masses of the external ear with diffusion-weighted MR imaging.

Material and Methods:
Retrospective analysis of 43 consecutive patients with soft tissue mass of the external ear. They underwent single shot diffusion-weighted MR imaging of the ear. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value of the mass of the external ear was calculated. The final diagnosis was performed by biopsy. The ADC value correlated with the biopsy results.

Results:
The mean ADC value of malignancy (=27) of external ear (0.95 ± 0.19 × 10−3 mm2/s) was significantly lower (p = 0.001) than that of benign (n = 16) lesions (1.49 ± 0.08 × 10−3 mm2/s). The cutoff ADC used for differentiation of malignancy from benign lesions was 1.18 × 10−3 mm2/s with an area under the curve of 0.959, an accuracy of 93%, a sensitivity of 92%, and specificity of 93%. There was a significant difference in the ADC of well and moderately differentiated malignancy versus poorly and undifferentiated squamous cell carcinoma (p = 0.001), and stages I and II versus stages III and IV (p = 0.04) of squamous cell carcinoma.

Conclusion:
ADC value is a non-invasive promising imaging parameter that can be used for differentiation of malignancy of the external ear from benign lesions, and grading and staging of squamous cell carcinoma of the external ear.
Observed Treatment Responses to Short-Course Doxycycline Therapy for Rectal Lymphogranuloma Venereum in Men Who Have Sex With Men
Authors: Simons Rebecca , Candfield Sophie , French Patrick , White John A. 
Published: December 2017

Background
Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) has reestablished itself as an endemic sexually transmitted infection in the United Kingdom and elsewhere in Europe and North America over the last decade. Current guidelines suggest treatment with 21 days of doxycycline; however, the evidence base for LGV treatment including its duration is very limited.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective review in 2 central London genitourinary medicine clinics of men who have sex with men (MSM) with LGV in whom less than 21 days of doxycycline was used initially.

Results
Sixty MSM were treated initially with less than 21 days of doxycycline, of whom 50 (83%) were prescribed a 7-day course. Fifty percent of patients were asymptomatic, with the rest having rectal or other symptoms. Fifty-nine (97%) of 60 had a negative test of cure for LGV at a median of 31 days (7–200 days). Reinfection as opposed to treatment failure was considered likely in the patient testing positive. A second test of cure at a median of 139 days later (37–638 days) was completed in 30 patients, of whom 28 (93%) were negative for LGV.

Conclusions
Seven to 14 days of doxycycline is effective in most cases of LGV with negative TOCs in 59 of 60 patients. These data suggest that 7 days of doxycycline is effective in achieving cure of rectal LGV in most MSM. There is a case for a randomized controlled trial of LGV treatment including a 7-day regimen of doxycycline.