bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exercise Performed Concomitantly with Particulate Matter Exposure Inhibits Lung Injury
Authors: Silva-Renno Adriano , Baldivia Guilherme , Oliveira-Junior Manoel , Brandao-Rangel Maysa , El-Mafarjeh Elias , Dolhnikoff Marisa , Mauad Thaís , Britto Jôse , Saldiva Paulo , Oliveira Luis , Ligeiro-Oliveira Ana , Graudenz Gustavo , Vieira Rodolfo 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAir pollution is a growing problem worldwide, inducing and exacerbating several diseases. Among the several components of air pollutants, particulate matter (PM), especially thick (10–2.5 µm; PM 10) and thin (≤2.5 µm; PM 2.5), are breathable particles that easily can be deposited within the lungs, resulting in pulmonary and systemic inflammation. Although physical activity is strongly recommended, its effects when practiced in polluted environments are questionable. Therefore, the present study evaluated the pulmonary and systemic response of concomitant treadmill training with PM 2.5 and PM 10 exposure. Treadmill training inhibited PM 2.5- and PM 10-induced accumulation of total leukocytes (p<0.001), neutrophils (p<0.001), macrophages (p<0.001) and lymphocytes (p<0.001) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), as well as the BAL levels of IL-1beta (p<0.001), CXCL1/KC (p<0.001) and TNF-alpha (p<0.001), whereas it increased IL-10 levels (p<0.05). Similar effects were observed on accumulation of polymorphonuclear (p<0.01) and mononuclear (p<0.01) cells in the lung parenchyma and in the peribronchial space. Treadmill training also inhibited PM 2.5- and PM 10-induced systemic inflammation, as observed in the number of total leukocytes (p<0.001) and in the plasma levels of IL-1beta (p<0.001), CXCL1/KC (p<0.001) and TNF-alpha (p<0.001), whereas it increased IL-10 levels (p<0.001). Treadmill training inhibits lung and systemic inflammation induced by particulate matter.
Pharmacological Foundations of Cannabis Chemovars
Authors: Lewis Mark , Russo Ethan , Smith Kevin 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAn advanced Mendelian Cannabis breeding program has been developed utilizing chemical markers to maximize the yield of phytocannabinoids and terpenoids with the aim to improve therapeutic efficacy and safety. Cannabis is often divided into several categories based on cannabinoid content. Type I, Δ
9-tetrahydrocannabinol-predominant, is the prevalent offering in both medical and recreational marketplaces. In recent years, the therapeutic benefits of cannabidiol have been better recognized, leading to the promotion of additional chemovars: Type II, Cannabis that contains both Δ
9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol, and cannabidiol-predominant Type III Cannabis. While high-Δ
9-tetrahydrocannabinol and high-myrcene chemovars dominate markets, these may not be optimal for patients who require distinct chemical profiles to achieve symptomatic relief. Type II Cannabis chemovars that display cannabidiol- and terpenoid-rich profiles have the potential to improve both efficacy and minimize adverse events associated with Δ
9-tetrahydrocannabinol exposure. Cannabis samples were analyzed for cannabinoid and terpenoid content, and analytical results are presented via PhytoFacts, a patent-pending method of graphically displaying phytocannabinoid and terpenoid content, as well as scent, taste, and subjective therapeutic effect data. Examples from the breeding program are highlighted and include Type I, II, and III Cannabis chemovars, those highly potent in terpenoids in general, or single components, for example, limonene, pinene, terpinolene, and linalool. Additionally, it is demonstrated how Type I – III chemovars have been developed with conserved terpenoid proportions. Specific chemovars may produce enhanced analgesia, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, antidepressant, and anti-anxiety effects, while simultaneously reducing sequelae of Δ
9-tetrahydrocannabinol such as panic, toxic psychosis, and short-term memory impairment.
Othering in Chinese official media narratives during diplomatic standoffs with the US and Japan
Authors: Lams Lutgard 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBased on two critical discourse analyses of Chinese media narratives on international incidents between China and the foreign ‘Other’ with an interval of nine years, this paper demonstrates continuity and consistency in Chinese official media discourse over the last decade when it concerns sensitive matters, such as sovereignty. The two case studies offered are: the 2001 diplomatic standoff with the US following the spy plane collision; and the 2010 conflict with Japan over the Chinese fishing boat collision with the Japanese coastal guard in the disputed waters of the Diaoyutai/Senkaku Islets. Using theoretical insights and methodological tools from Language Pragmatics, Critical Discourse Theory and Analysis, and Positioning Theory, these studies find identical official Chinese media practices of Othering and self-glorification. The article presents concrete examples of categorizing processes that position the actors as antagonists within a victim/aggressor framework, discursive ideological mechanisms of reification, legitimation, dramatization and generalization, and linguistic power games through the employment of assertive speech acts.
EB1-binding–myomegalin protein complex promotes centrosomal microtubules functions
Authors: Bouguenina Habib , Salaun Danièle , Mangon Aurélie , Muller Leslie , Baudelet Emilie , Camoin Luc , Tachibana Taro , Cianférani Sarah , Audebert Stéphane , Verdier-Pinard Pascal , Badache Ali 
Published: November 2017

Significance
Microtubule dynamics is tightly regulated during fundamental biological processes such as mitosis, thereby representing a major target for anticancer therapies. To better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the organization of the microtubule network, we systematically investigated proteins interacting with EB1, a major regulator of microtubules dynamics. We identified a specific isoform of myomegalin, which we termed “SMYLE,” that assembles a macromolecular complex associated with the centrosome, the major microtubule-organizing center in cells, and also connected to the microtubule nucleating complex. SMYLE promoted microtubule assembly from the centrosome and subsequent stabilization of microtubules at the cell periphery. This had consequences on cell motility, mitosis, and cell-cycle progression, suggesting that SMYLE might be an important player in tumor progression.
Pilgrimage and reconciliation: crossing boundaries to transcend them.
Authors: Simons D. J. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

This chapter discusses the concept of 'accidental pilgrimage' and how it may become more intentional. To do this, it explores the correspondence between the outer and inner journey through the lens of three pairs of related concepts often used in discussions of pilgrimage, namely tourist/pilgrim, secular/religious and sacred/holy. Several pilgrimage contexts, including the Camino de Santiago de Compostela, the pilgrimage to Palestine/Israel, the new pilgrimage shrine of St. Paul's Chapel in New York City and the Burning Man festival in Gerlach, Nevada, are in focus. These settings provide an opportunity to examine the function of pilgrimage as an organizing principle for greater psychological and spiritual integration within the individual, between individuals and among estranged groups.
Beyond farmers-first-and-last: the developmental farm model for accelerating agricultural growth in developing countries.
Authors: Behera U. K. , France J. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
This paper examines the different approaches traditionally used in agriculture for technology transfer in South Asia and other developing regions, and advocates an alternative approach namely that of the developmental farm model. It has been found to be successful in an Indian context, where small-holder farmers are dominant. Such an approach takes the overall situation of the farmers into full consideration and addresses their multiple problems. A developmental farm model can help generate additional income and employment, maintain or enhance biodiversity and produce renewable energy at the farm level. Overall, its implementation can help improve the livelihood of farmers and address issues of climate change, thus it has the potential to accelerate agricultural growth in developing countries such as India.
Does institutional entrenchment shape instrument adjustment?: Assessing instrument constituency influences on American and Australian motor fuel taxation
Authors: Perl Anthony , Burke Matthew I 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
This article compares the long-run adjustment of transport finance instruments in the US and Australia. Change and continuity in these policy instruments highlights how the institutional context can influence an instrument constituency’s influence within a policy subsystem. In the US, a mature instrument constituency created and entrenched motor fuel taxes as an exclusive resource for implementing transport policy. In Australia, fuel taxes remained exposed to the politics of inter-governmental competition and fiscal rivalry across subsystems, leaving less opportunity for instrument constituency leverage. We explore the circumstances under which instrument constituencies can either constrain or facilitate adjusting transportation policy through fiscal mechanisms, especially when the efficacy of established instruments appears to decline. The policy paradigm of American transportation rests upon the entrenched segregation of fuel tax revenues for infrastructure spending. When fuel tax revenues grew from the 1980s until 2008, transportation policy yielded an expanding stream of programme outputs – building the interstate highway network and upgrading part of the nation’s urban transit infrastructure. The instrument constituency that shaped the Highway Trust Fund found a privileged position within the transportation subsystem. In Australia, similar instruments have not been entrenched and have thus been open to political influences beyond the subsystem. The effects of institutional configuration on instrument constituency participation in policy change become most apparent during times of austerity, or when fiscal instruments fail to deliver expected revenues. Electrification of vehicle fleets is now creating such disruption in the transportation subsystem.
Sarcopenia Is Negatively Related to High Gravitational Impacts Achieved From Day-to-day Physical Activity
Authors: Hartley April , Gregson Celia L , Hannam Kimberly , Deere Kevin C , Clark Emma M , Tobias Jon H 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Background
Sarcopenia has been associated with reduced physical activity (PA). We aimed to determine if sarcopenia, and specific components of muscle size, function, and physical performance, are associated with high impacts achieved during habitual PA, as these are related to bone strength in community-dwelling older women.

Methods
Participants were older women from the Cohort of Skeletal Health in Bristol and Avon. We defined sarcopenia using the EWGSOP criteria. Lower limb peak muscle power and force were assessed using Jumping Mechanography (JM). High vertical impacts were assessed by tri-axial accelerometry (at least 1.5g above gravity). Cross-sectional associations were analyzed by linear regression, adjusting for age, height and weight (or fat mass for models including appendicular lean mass index), comorbidities, smoking, alcohol, and Index of Multiple Deprivation.

Results
Our analyses included 380 participants, with mean age 76.7 (SD 3.0) years; 242 (64%) also completed JM. In age-adjusted analysis, a negative relationship was observed between severity of sarcopenia and high, but not medium or low, impacts (p = .03 for trend). Regarding components of sarcopenia underlying this relationship, multivariable analyses revealed that gait speed (β 1.47 [95% CI 1.14, 1.89], [β-1] reflects the proportionate increase in high impacts per SD increase in exposure) and peak force (1.40 [1.07, 1.84]) were independently associated with high impacts.

Conclusions
Older women with sarcopenia experienced fewer bone-strengthening high impacts than those with presarcopenia or without sarcopenia. To increase bone strengthening activity in older women, interventions need to improve both lower limb muscle force and walking speed.
Learning and Retention Using Virtual Reality in a Decontamination Simulation
Authors: Smith Sherrill J. , Farra Sharon , Ulrich Deborah L. , Hodgson Eric , Nicely Stephanie , Matcham William 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

AIM
The purpose of this study was to examine the longitudinal effects of virtual reality simulation (VRS) on learning outcomes and retention.

BACKGROUND
Disaster preparation for health care professionals is seriously inadequate. VRS offers an opportunity to practice within a realistic and safe environment, but little is known about learning and retention using this pedagogy.

METHOD
A quasiexperimental design was used to examine the use of VRS with baccalaureate nursing students in two different nursing programs in terms of the skill of decontamination.

RESULTS
Results indicate that VRS is at least as good as traditional methods and is superior in some cases for retention of knowledge and performance of skills.

CONCLUSION
VRS may provide a valuable option for promoting skill development and retention. More research is needed to determine how to prepare nurses for skills that may not be required until months or even years after initial introduction.
Treatment of Hypovitaminosis D in an Orthopaedic Trauma Population
Authors: Andres Brendan A. , Childs Benjamin R. , Vallier Heather A. 
Published: November 2017

Objectives:
To determine the incidence of hypovitaminosis D and to evaluate a supplementation intervention. We hypothesized that patients would exhibit high adherence with a free sample, and levels would become sufficient.

Design:
Prospective observational study.

Setting:
Level 1 trauma center.

Patients:
One hundred forty-four consecutive, skeletally mature patients treated for acute fractures.

Intervention:
All were provided 600 mg calcium and 800 IU vitamin D3 capsules twice daily.

Main Outcome Measurements:
Serum 25(OH) D levels were obtained on presentation and after supplementation. Patient surveys determined adherence, vitamin D intake, and sun exposure.

Results:
Ninety-one men and 53 women, mean age 45 years, mean body mass index 28.1, were studied. Mean baseline 25(OH) D level was 20.2 ng/mL, including 9 patients taking vitamin D supplements before injury. All others (mean baseline 16.9 ng/mL) were prescribed calcium and vitamin D and were offered free supplements when discharged. Seventy-seven patients completed surveys, and mean 25(OH) D level was 36.7 ng/mL after a mean of 7.0 weeks of supplementation (P < 0.0001). Seventy-nine percent reported adherence to supplement recommendations. All adherent patients achieved normal levels. Sixteen patients were nonadherent, with 10 who forgot to take the supplement, 4 choosing not to use it, 1 choosing to sell the sample, and 1 losing the sample.

Conclusion:
Hypovitaminosis D was present in 97% of orthopaedic trauma patients who were not already taking supplements. The intervention was effective in reducing hypovitaminosis D within several weeks, with all supplemented patients achieving normal levels. Seventy-nine percent of patients adhered to recommendations. Further study to determine the long-term cost-effectiveness of this strategy seems warranted.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic, Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Functional and Radiographic Outcomes After Allograft Anatomic Coracoclavicular Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Baran Sean , Belisle Jeffrey G. , Granger Erin K. , Tashjian Robert Z. 
Published: November 2017

Objectives:
To analyze the functional and radiographic outcomes of anatomic coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction (ACCR) using allograft tendon without interference screw fixation.

Design:
Retrospective nonrandomized study.

Setting:
Level I trauma center (University Hospital).

Patients:
Seventeen patients (mean age of 44 years) with Rockwood III through V acromioclavicular joint disruptions. Twelve of 17 patients had a primary reconstruction, including 4 patients sustaining their injuries as part of a polytrauma incident. Five of 17 patients were revisions of a previously failed acromioclavicular reconstruction procedure.

Intervention:
Open ACCR using hamstring allograft with high-strength suture augmentation and knotted graft fixation without interference screws.

Main outcome measures:
Clinical and patient reported outcome measures including Simple Shoulder Test, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores, and visual analog scale scores for pain and radiographic outcomes.

Results:
The average final postoperative Simple Shoulder Test and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores were 10.8 and 80.5, respectively. The average final postoperative visual analog scale pain was 1.8. All patients demonstrated clavicle tunnel widening on final postoperative radiographs compared with immediate postoperative radiographs. The overall complication rate was 36%, with no clavicle or coracoid fractures.

Conclusions:
Open ACCR using hamstring allograft tendon secured with a square knot and high-strength suture augmentation yields equivalent outcomes to those repairs requiring an additional interference screw. Clavicle tunnel widening predictably occurs, but the clinical significance is undetermined. It appears therefore that an interference screw is not needed. Larger comparison studies are needed.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Inter- and Intra-rater Reliability of the Hart-ISSG Proximal Junctional Failure Severity Scale
Authors: Hart Robert A. , Rastegar Farbod , Contag Alec , Kane Marie , Daniels Alan , Klineberg Eric , Eastlack Robert , Smith Justin S. , Hostin Richard , Hamilton D. Kojo , Gum Jeffrey L. , Burton Douglas C. , Sheer Justin K. , Ames Christopher , Schwab Frank , Lafage Virginie , Bess Shay , Shaffrey Christopher , Kebaish Khaled 
Published: November 2017

Study Design.
Reliability/external validation study.

Objective.
Investigate inter- and intrarater reliability of the Hart-International Spine Study Group (ISSG) Proximal Junctional Failure Severity Scale (PJFSS) and its correlation with operative revision in patients with proximal junctional failure (PJF).

Summary of Background Data.
The Hart-ISSG PJFSS is a validated classification system for PJF. Reliability of the PJFSS has not been assessed.

Methods.
Sixteen detailed clinical scenarios were assessed using the ISSG PJFSS classification in six categories: neurologic status, axial pain, instrumentation issue, proximal kyphotic angle, level of upper instrumented vertebrae (UIV), and severity of UIV/UIV+1 fracture. Eleven spine surgeons evaluated each case in all six categories during two different assessments, and provided recommendations regarding operative revision or observation for each case. Inter- and intrarater reliability were calculated based on intraclass correlation coefficients.

Results.
All intraclass correlation coefficients demonstrated “almost perfect”’ (0.817–0.988) inter-rater agreement for both assessments, except UIV/UIV+1 fracture severity during the second assessment, which demonstrated “substantial” agreement’ (0.692). Five of six categories had “almost perfect” mean intrarater reliability (0.805–0.981), while “instrumentation issue” demonstrated “substantial” mean agreement (0.757). Inter-rater reliability for recommendation of surgical intervention was “almost perfect” during both assessments (0.911 and 0.922, respectively). Mean PJFSS scores between the two assessments were significantly higher for cases recommended for operative revision (8.43 ± 0.90) versus cases recommended for observation (P < 0.0001).

Conclusion.
The ISSG PJFSS is a reliable and repeatable classification system for assessing patients with PJF. Higher PJFSS scales correlate with recommendation for operative revision, extending prior external validation of the PJFSS.

Level of Evidence: 3
A Multicenter Radiographic Evaluation of the Rates of Preoperative and Postoperative Malalignment in Degenerative Spinal Fusions
Authors: Leveque Jean-Christophe A. , Segebarth Bradley , Schroerlucke Samuel R. , Khanna Nitin , Pollina John , Youssef Jim A. , Tohmeh Antoine G. , Uribe Juan S. 
Published: November 2017

Study Design.
Multicenter, retrospective, institutional-review-board -approved study at 18 institutions in the United States with 24 treating investigators.

Objective.
This study was designed to retrospectively assess the prevalence of spinopelvic malalignment in patients who underwent one- or two-level lumbar fusions for degenerative (nondeformity) indications and to assess the incidence of malalignment after fusion surgery as well as the rate of alignment preservation and/or correction in this population.

Summary of Background Data.
Spinopelvic malalignment after lumbar fusion has been associated with lower postoperative health-related quality of life and elevated risk of adjacent segment failure. The prevalence of spinopelvic malalignment in short-segment degenerative lumbar fusion procedures from a large sample of patients is heretofore unreported and may lead to an under-appreciation of these factors in surgical planning and ultimate preservation or correction of alignment.

Methods.
Lateral preoperative and postoperative lumbar radiographs were retrospectively acquired from 578 one- or two-level lumbar fusion patients and newly measured for lumbar lordosis (LL), pelvic incidence (PI), and pelvic tilt. Patients were categorized at preop and postop time points as aligned if PI-LL < 10° or malaligned if PI-LL≥10°. Patients were grouped into categories based on their alignment progression from pre- to postoperative, with preserved (aligned to aligned), restored (malaligned to aligned), not corrected (malaligned to malaligned), and worsened (aligned to malaligned) designations.

Results.
Preoperatively, 173 (30%) patients exhibited malalignment. Postoperatively, 161 (28%) of patients were malaligned. Alignment was preserved in 63%, restored in 9%, not corrected in 21%, and worsened in 7% of patients.

Conclusion.
This is the first multicenter study to evaluate the preoperative prevalence and postoperative incidence of spinopelvic malalignment in a large series of short-segment degenerative lumbar fusions, finding over 25% of patients out of alignment at both time points, suggesting that alignment preservation/restoration considerations should be incorporated into the decision-making of even degenerative lumbar spinal fusions.

Level of Evidence: 3
Individualized Treatment of Botulinum Toxin Type A for Hypertrophic Muscular Calves With Different Bulging Units in Asian Women
Authors: Xu Fawei , Ma Hongfang , Li Yirun , Cai Jiaqin , Gu Zi-chun 
Published: November 2017

BACKGROUND
Dermatologic surgeons have performed botulinum toxin type A injection to treat muscular calves, with different dosages and injection sites suggested.

OBJECTIVE
We investigated the use of individualized botulinum toxin type A injection protocols to treat hypertrophic calves in Asian women.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 294 calves were examined and their bulging areas divided into 4 units (Units 1, 2, 3, 4). The rare bulging area unit 5 was only seen in 1 case. Thirty-five cases were treated using botulinum toxin type A between September 2011 and May 2016, with the treatment protocol chosen according to the assessed bulging units. Standard photo documentation was performed at each clinical visit.

RESULTS
The average injection dose was 187 ± 10 U per patient. The average maximum calf circumference was significantly reduced 3 months postinjection, with that of the right leg reduced from 36.48 ± 0.57 to 34.87 ± 0.44 cm, and that of the left leg from 36.26 ± 0.61 to 34.71 ± 0.53 cm (both p < .01). The overall patient satisfaction rate was 73.08%.

CONCLUSION
A botulinum toxin type A injection protocol tailored to the shape of the hypertrophic calf muscle can effectively improve the contour of the lower leg.