bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Enterovirus Testing on Resource Use in Febrile Young Infants: A Systematic Review
Authors: Wallace Sowdhamini S. , Lopez Michelle A. , Caviness A. Chantal 
Published: February 2017

CONTEXT:
Enterovirus infection commonly causes fever in infants aged 0 to 90 days and, without testing, is difficult to differentiate from serious bacterial infection.

OBJECTIVE:
To determine the cost savings of routine enterovirus testing and identify subgroups of infants with greater potential impact from testing among infants 0 to 90 days old with fever.

DATA SOURCES:
Studies were identified systematically from published and unpublished literature by using Embase, Medline, the Cochrane database, and conference proceedings.

STUDY SELECTION:
Inclusion criteria were original studies, in any language, of enterovirus infection including the outcomes of interest in infants aged 0 to 90 days.

DATA EXTRACTION:
Standardized instruments were used to appraise each study. The evidence quality was evaluated using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation criteria. Two investigators independently searched the literature, screened and critically appraised the studies, extracted the data, and applied the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation criteria.

RESULTS:
Of the 257 unique studies identified and screened, 32 were completely reviewed and 8 were included. Routine enterovirus testing was associated with reduced hospital length of stay and cost savings during peak enterovirus season. Cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis was a poor predictor of enterovirus meningitis. The studies were all observational and the evidence was of low quality.

CONCLUSIONS:
Enterovirus polymerase chain reaction testing, independent of cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis, can reduce length of stay and achieve cost savings, especially during times of high enterovirus prevalence. Additional study is needed to identify subgroups that may achieve greater cost savings from testing to additionally enhance the efficiency of testing.
Impact of Parental Presence at Infants’ Bedside on Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome
Authors: Howard Mary Beth , Schiff Davida M. , Penwill Nicole , Si Wendy , Rai Anjali , Wolfgang Tahlia , Moses James M. , Wachman Elisha M. 
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUND:
Despite increased incidence of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) over the past decade, minimal data exist on benefits of parental presence at the bedside on NAS outcomes.

OBJECTIVE:
To examine the association between rates of parental presence and NAS outcomes.

METHODS:
This was a retrospective, single-center cohort study of infants treated pharmacologically for NAS using a rooming-in model of care. Parental presence was documented every 4 hours with nursing cares. We obtained demographic data for mothers and infants and assessed covariates confounding NAS severity and time spent at the bedside. Outcomes included length of stay (LOS) at the hospital, extent of pharmacotherapy, and mean Finnegan withdrawal score. Multiple linear regression modeling assessed the association of parental presence with outcomes.

RESULTS:
For the 86 mother–infant dyads, the mean parental presence during scoring was on average 54.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 48.8%–60.7%) of the infant’s hospitalization. Maximum (100%) parental presence was associated with a 9 day shorter LOS (r = –0.31; 95% CI, –0.48 to –0.10; P &lt; .01), 8 fewer days of infant opioid therapy (r = –0.34; 95% CI, –0.52 to –0.15; P &lt; .001), and 1 point lower mean Finnegan score (r = –0.35; 95% CI, –0.52 to –0.15; P &lt; .01). After adjusting for breastfeeding, parental presence remained significantly associated with reduced NAS score and opioid treatment days.

CONCLUSIONS:
More parental time spent at the infant's bedside was associated with decreased NAS severity. This has important implications for clinical practice guidelines for NAS.
Pemanfaatan Algoritma WIT-Tree dan HITS untuk Klasifikasi Tingkat Keberhasilan Pemberdayaan Keluarga Miskin
Authors: Khomsah Siti , Winarko Edi 
Published: February 2017

The successful rate of the poor families empowerment can be classified by characteristic patterns extracted from the database that contains the data of the poor families empowerment. The purpose of this research is to build a classification model to predict the level of success from poor families, who will receive assistance empowerment of poverty. Classification models built with WARM, which is combining two methods, they are HITS and WIT-tree. HITS is used to obtained the weight of the attributes from the database. The weights are used as the attributes’s weight on methods WIT-tree. WIT-tree is used to generate the association rules that satisfy a minimum weight support and minimum weight confidence. The data used was 831 sample data poor families that divided into two classes, namely poor families in the standard of "developing" and poor families in the level of "underdeveloped". The performance of classification model shows, weighting attribute using HITS approaches the accuracy of 86.45% and weighted attributes defined by the user approaches the accuracy of 66.13%. This study shows that the weight of the attributes obtained from HITS is better than the weight of the attributes specified by the user.
Mean Corpuscular Volume and Mortality in Patients with CKD
Authors: Hsieh Yao-Peng , Chang Chia-Chu , Kor Chew-Teng , Yang Yu , Wen Yao-Ko , Chiu Ping-Fang 
Published: February 2017

Background and objectives
Mean corpuscular volume is the measure of the average size of the circulatory erythrocyte, and it is principally used as an index for the differential diagnosis of anemia. Recently, mean corpuscular volume has been associated with mortality in many clinical settings. However, the association of mean corpuscular volume with mortality in patients with CKD has not been fully addressed.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
We conducted a retrospective observational cohort study of 1439 patients with stages 3–5 CKD and baseline mean corpuscular volume values from 2004 to 2012 in a medical center. The study cohort was divided into the high–mean corpuscular volume group and the low–mean corpuscular volume group by the median value (90.8 fl) of mean corpuscular volume. The baseline patient information included demographic data, laboratory parameters, medications, and comorbid conditions. The independent association of mean corpuscular volume with mortality was examined using multivariate Cox regression analysis.

Results
Of the 1439 participants, 234 patients (16.2%) died during a median follow-up of 1.9 years (interquartile range, 1.1–3.8 years). The crude overall mortality rate was significantly higher in the high–mean corpuscular volume group (high–mean corpuscular volume group, 22.7%; low–mean corpuscular volume group, 9.7%; P<0.001). In the fully adjusted models, the high–mean corpuscular volume group was associated with higher risks of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio, 2.19; 95% confidence interval, 1.62 to 2.96; P<0.001), cardiovascular mortality (hazard ratio, 3.57; 95% confidence interval, 1.80 to 7.06; P<0.001), and infection-related mortality (hazard ratio, 2.22; 95% confidence interval, 1.41 to 3.49; P=0.001) compared with the low–mean corpuscular volume group.

Conclusions
In patients with stages 3–5 CKD, mean corpuscular volume was associated with all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease mortality, and infection-associated mortality, independent of other factors. The underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms warrant additional investigation.
Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor
Authors: Condon Rachel , Allen Christopher 
Published: February 2017

A 26-year-old female military officer directly accessed physical therapy, relating a 4-month history of deep, intermittent left medial knee pain with running. Following physical therapy treatment, she was referred to her primary care manager. Magnetic resonance imaging of the knee was ordered, revealing a peripheral nerve sheath tumor with benign features within the distal gracilis attached to the saphenous nerve. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2017;47(2):124. doi:10.2519/jospt.2017.5757
Utilization of Physical Therapy Intervention Among Patients With Plantar Fasciitis in the United States
Authors: Fraser John J. , Glaviano Neal R. , Hertel Jay 
Published: February 2017

Study Design Retrospective observational study. Background Plantar fasciitis is responsible for 1 million ambulatory patient care visits annually in the United States. Few studies have investigated practice patterns in the treatment of patients with plantar fasciitis. Objective To assess physical therapist utilization and employment of manual therapy and supervised rehabilitation in the treatment of patients with plantar fasciitis. Methods A retrospective review of the PearlDiver patient record database was used to evaluate physical therapist utilization and use of manual therapy and supervised rehabilitation in patients with plantar fasciitis between 2007 and 2011. An International Classification of Diseases code (728.71) was used to identify plantar fasciitis, and Current Procedural Terminology codes were used to identify evaluations (97001), manual therapy (97140), and rehabilitation services (97110, 97530, 97112). Results A total of 819 963 unique patients diagnosed with plantar fasciitis accounted for 5 739 737 visits from 2007 to 2011, comprising 2.7% of all patients in the database. Only 7.1% (95% confidence interval: 7.0%, 7.1%) of patients received a physical therapist evaluation. Of the 57 800 patients evaluated by a physical therapist (59.8% female), 50 382 (87.2% ± 0.4%) received manual therapy, with significant increases in utilization per annum. A large proportion (89.5% ± 0.4%) received rehabilitation following physical therapist evaluation. Conclusion Despite plantar fasciitis being a frequently occurring musculoskeletal condition, a small proportion of patients with plantar fasciitis were seen by physical therapists. Most patients who were evaluated by a physical therapist received manual therapy and a course of supervised rehabilitation as part of their plan of care. Level of Evidence Treatment, level 2a. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2017;47(2):49–55. doi:10.2519/jospt.2017.6999
Increasing Recreational Physical Activity in Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain: A Pragmatic Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Ben-Ami Noa , Chodick Gabriel , Mirovsky Yigal , Pincus Tamar , Shapiro Yair 
Published: February 2017

Study Design Prospective, pragmatic, nonrandomized controlled clinical trial. Background Clinical guidelines recommend physical activity for the treatment of chronic low back pain. But engaging patients in physical activity has proven difficult. Known obstacles to physical activity include low self-efficacy and fear avoidance. Objectives This study tested the effectiveness of an enhanced transtheoretical model intervention (ETMI) aimed at increasing recreational physical activity in patients with chronic low back pain, in comparison to usual physical therapy. Methods Patients (n = 220) referred to physical therapy for chronic low back pain were allocated to ETMI or to a control group. The ETMI was delivered by physical therapists and based on behavior-change principles, combined with increased reassurance, therapeutic alliance, and exposure to reduce fear avoidance. The primary outcome was back pain-related disability (Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire). Secondary outcomes included pain intensity, mental and physical health, and levels of physical activity. Results Intention-to-treat analysis in 189 patients at 12 months indicated that patients in the ETMI group had significantly lower disability compared to usual physical therapy. The difference in mean change from baseline between the interventions was 2.7 points (95% confidence interval: 0.9, 4.5) on the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire. At 12 months, worst pain, physical activity, and physical health were all significantly better in patients receiving ETMI. The average number of sessions was 3.5 for the ETMI group and 5.1 for controls. Conclusion Targeting obstacles to physical activity with an intervention that includes components to address self-efficacy and fear avoidance appears to be more effective than usual physical therapy care in reducing long-term disability. Further research is needed to explore the mechanisms that impact outcomes in this intervention package. Level of Evidence Therapy, level 2b. Registered June 7, 2012 at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01631344). J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2017;47(2):57–66. doi:10.2519/jospt.2017.7057
Deceleration of High-velocity Interstellar Photon Sails into Bound Orbits at α Centauri
Authors: Heller René , Hippke Michael 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
At a distance of about 4.22 ly, it would take about 100,000 years for humans to visit our closest stellar neighbor Proxima Centauri using modern chemical thrusters. New technologies are now being developed that involve high-power lasers firing at 1 gram solar sails in near-Earth orbits, accelerating them to 20% the speed of light (c) within minutes. Although such an interstellar probe could reach Proxima 20 years after launch, without propellant to slow it down it would traverse the system within hours. Here we demonstrate how the stellar photon pressures of the stellar triple α Cen A, B, and C (Proxima) can be used together with gravity assists to decelerate incoming solar sails from Earth. The maximum injection speed at α Cen A to park a sail with a mass-to-surface ratio (σ) similar to graphene (7.6 × 10−4 gram m−2) in orbit around Proxima is about 13,800 km s−1 (4.6% c), implying travel times from Earth to α Cen A and B of about 95 years and another 46 years (with a residual velocity of 1280 km s−1) to Proxima. The size of such a low-σ sail required to carry a payload of 10 grams is about 105 m2 = (316 m)2. Such a sail could use solar photons instead of an expensive laser system to gain interstellar velocities at departure. Photogravitational assists allow visits of three stellar systems and an Earth-sized potentially habitable planet in one shot, promising extremely high scientific yields.
Achilles Tendon Loading During Heel-Raising and -Lowering Exercises
Authors: Revak Andrew , Diers Keith , Kernozek Thomas W. , Gheidi Naghmeh , Olbrantz Christina 
Published: February 2017

Context:Achilles tendinopathies are common injuries during sport participation, although men are more prone to Achilles tendon injuries than women. Heel-raising and -lowering exercises are typically suggested for Achilles tendon rehabilitation.Objective:To compare the estimated Achilles tendon loading variables and the ankle range of motion (ROM) using a musculoskeletal model during commonly performed heel-raising and -lowering exercises.Design:Controlled laboratory study.Setting:University biomechanics laboratory.Patients or Other Participants:Twenty-one healthy men (age = 21.59 ± 1.92 years, height = 178.22 ± 8.02 cm, mass = 75.81 ± 11.24 kg).Intervention(s):Each participant completed 4 exercises: seated heel raising and lowering, bilateral standing heel raising and lowering, bilateral heel raising and unilateral lowering, and unilateral heel raising and lowering.Main Outcome Measure(s):A repeated-measures multivariate analysis of variance (α = .05) was used to compare Achilles tendon stress, force, and strain and ankle ROM for each exercise. Kinematic data were recorded at 180 Hz with 15 motion-analysis cameras synchronized with kinetic data collected from a force platform sampled at 1800 Hz. These data were then entered in a musculoskeletal model to estimate force in the triceps surae. For each participant, we determined Achilles tendon stress by measuring cross-sectional images using ultrasound.Results:Peak Achilles tendon loading was lowest when performing the seated heel-raising and -lowering exercise and highest when performing the unilateral heel-raising and -lowering exercise. Loading was greater for the unilateral exercise or portions of the exercise that were performed unilaterally.Conclusions:Bilateral and seated exercises with less weight-bearing force resulted in less Achilles tendon loading. These exercises may serve as progressions during the rehabilitation process before full-body weight-bearing, unilateral exercises are allowed. Ankle ROM did not follow the same order as loading and may need additional monitoring or instruction during rehabilitation.
Evaluation of Mercury in Environmental Samples by a Supramolecular Solvent–Based Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction Method Before Analysis by a Cold Vapor Generation Technique
Authors: Ali Jamshed , Tuzen Mustafa , Kazi Tasneem G 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Supramolecular solvent–based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction was used as a preconcentration method for the determination of trace levels of Hg. This simple method accurately measured oxidized HgII content inclaystone and sandstone samples obtained from the Thar Coalfield in Pakistan. Cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry was used as the detection technique because it is reliable and accurate. The HgII in acidic media forms a complexwith dithizone (DTz) in the presence of supramolecular solvent (tetrahydrofuran and 1-undecanol), forming reverse micelles. Formation of the Hg-DTz complex was achieved to increase the interactions with the supramolecular solvent phase at pH 2.5 under the optimized experimental conditions. After additionof the supramolecular solvent to the aqueous solution, the micelles were uniformly mixed using a vortex mixer. The cloudy solution was centrifuged, and the Hg-DTz complex was extracted into the supramolecular solvent phase. Under optimized experimental conditions, the LOD and enrichment factor were foundto be 5.61 ng/L and 77.8, respectively. Accuracy of the developed method was checked with Certified Reference Materials. The developed method was successfully applied for the determination of HgII in claystone and sandstone samples from the Block VII and Block VIII areas of the Thar Coalfield on the basis of depth.
Evaluation of a SOE Stack for Hydrogen and Syngas Production: a Performance and Durability Analysis
Authors: Kotisaari M. , Thomann O. , Montinaro D. , Kiviaho J. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractSolid oxide electrolyzer (SOE) are gaining growing interest in research because they can convert electricity into a chemical fuel with high efficiency. The present work investigates the performance of a 6‐cell SOE stack (80 cm2 active area) in electrolysis and co‐electrolysis modes for producing hydrogen and synthetic fuel. Initially, the stack was operated and characterized in fuel cell mode at 750 °C. Operation was then changed to electrolysis mode. The stack performance was characterized with four different inlet gas compositions of various ratios of inlet steam and carbon dioxide at temperatures of 700, 750 and 800 °C. It was found that the stack performance depends primarily on the operation temperature and only to a small extent on the inlet gas composition. Finally, a steam electrolysis durability test of 1,500 hours was performed at a current density of –0.775 A cm−2 (50% of reactant utilization) and at a temperature of 750 °C. The voltage trend showed that no degradation could be observed, which is a very promising result. In conclusion, the investigated stack appears suitable for syngas production. In the future, co‐electrolysis durability tests will be conducted to evaluate the effect of addition of carbon dioxide on the stack durability.
ASEAN between China and America: Is It Time to Try Horsing the Cow?
Authors: Emmerson Donald K. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAdmirers of ASEAN are impressed with the fact that it continues to exist and that an outright war has never broken out between its members. Also often praised is the value to the region of promoting cooperation through the consensual process known as the ‘ASEAN Way’. If ASEAN is a talk shop, these observers say, talking is at least better than fighting. ASEAN's increasingly numerous and vocal critics reply that by valuing process more than product, consensus over accomplishment, the organization is failing to respond to urgent real-world challenges in Asia. Not least among such challenges is Chinese expansion in the South China Sea (SCS) and the stated intention of incoming US president Donald Trump to pull his country out of the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP). Only four ASEAN members have claims in the SCS and only four are in the TPP, but the sea's and the treaty's futures matter for the rest of the region as well. The fact of Chinese advancement and the risk of American disengagement are endangering the autonomy and relevance of ASEAN, not to mention the repercussions of Sino-American escalation. Already weakened by internal dissensus, the group's ability to negotiate as a group with China on maritime security has been blocked by Beijing's insistence on bilateral talks. Chinese material largesse has coopted Cambodia into vetoing any ASEAN agreement to restrain, moderate, or even question China's designs on the heartwater of Southeast Asia. The ASEAN Way is being used against ASEAN itself. Heightened uncertainty as to America's future role in and commitment to the region further heightens security concern. In its 50th anniversary year, Southeast Asians would do well to think outside the increasingly marginalised, internally divided, and procedurally restricted box that ASEAN has become. Three ideas already in circulation illustrate the kind of creativity that ASEAN will need if it is to sustain its acknowledged historical success in fashioning an independent political and economic identity for Southeast Asia.
Automatic Marker-free Longitudinal Infrared Image Registration by Shape Context Based Matching and Competitive Winner-guided Optimal Corresponding
Authors: Lee Chia-Yen , Wang Hao-Jen , Lai Jhih-Hao , Chang Yeun-Chung , Huang Chiun-Sheng 
Published: February 2017

AbstractLong-term comparisons of infrared image can facilitate the assessment of breast cancer tissue growth and early tumor detection, in which longitudinal infrared image registration is a necessary step. However, it is hard to keep markers attached on a body surface for weeks, and rather difficult to detect anatomic fiducial markers and match them in the infrared image during registration process. The proposed study, automatic longitudinal infrared registration algorithm, develops an automatic vascular intersection detection method and establishes feature descriptors by shape context to achieve robust matching, as well as to obtain control points for the deformation model. In addition, competitive winner-guided mechanism is developed for optimal corresponding. The proposed algorithm is evaluated in two ways. Results show that the algorithm can quickly lead to accurate image registration and that the effectiveness is superior to manual registration with a mean error being 0.91 pixels. These findings demonstrate that the proposed registration algorithm is reasonably accurate and provide a novel method of extracting a greater amount of useful data from infrared images.