bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of virtual reality in bipolar disorder: a systematic review
Authors: Salazar de Pablo Gonzalo , Ríos Hernández Omar , Gómez Vallejo Sandra , Young Allan H. , Cella Matteo , Valmaggia Lucia 
Published: September 2024

AbstractVirtual reality (VR) is a technology that allows to interact with recreated digital environments and situations with enhanced realism. VR has shown good acceptability and promise in different mental health conditions. No systematic review has evaluated the use of VR in Bipolar Disorder (BD). This PRISMA-compliant systematic review searched PubMed and Web of Science databases (PROSPERO: CRD42023467737) to identify studies conducted in individuals with BD in which VR was used. Results were systematically synthesized around four categories (cognitive and functional evaluation, clinical assessment, response to VR and safety/acceptability). Eleven studies were included (267 individuals, mean age = 36.6 years, 60.7% females). Six studies using VR to carry out a cognitive evaluation detected impairments in neuropsychological performance and delayed reaction times. VR was used to assess emotional regulation. No differences in well-being between VR-based and physical calm rooms were found. A VR-based stress management program reduced subjective stress, depression, and anxiety levels. VR-based cognitive remediation improved cognition, depressive symptoms, and emotional awareness. 48.7% of the individuals with BD considered VR-based cognitive remediation ‘excellent’, whereas 28.2% considered it ‘great’. 87.2% of individuals did not report any side effects. 81.8% of studies received a global quality rating of moderate. Emerging data point towards a promising use of VR in BD as an acceptable assessment/intervention tool. However, multiple unstudied domains as comorbidity, relapse and prodromal symptoms should be investigated. Research on children and adolescents is also recommended. Further research and replication of findings are required to disentangle which VR-interventions for which populations and outcomes are effective.
Executive functions in psychopathy: a meta-analysis of inhibition, planning, shifting, and working memory performance
Authors: Burghart Matthias , Schmidt Sergej , Mier Daniela 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMuch research has focused on executive function (EF) impairments in psychopathy, a severe personality disorder characterized by a lack of empathy, antisocial behavior, and a disregard for social norms and moral values. However, it is still unclear to what extent EF deficits are present across psychopathy factors and, more importantly, which EF domains are impaired. The current meta-analysis answers these questions by synthesizing the results of 50 studies involving 5,694 participants from 12 different countries. Using multilevel random-effects models, we pooled effect sizes (Cohen's d) for five different EF domains: overall EF, inhibition, planning, shifting, and working memory. Moreover, differences between psychopathy factors were evaluated. Our analyses revealed small deficits in overall EF, inhibition, and planning performance. However, a closer inspection of psychopathy factors indicated that EF deficits were specific to lifestyle/antisocial traits, such as disinhibition. Conversely, interpersonal/affective traits, such as boldness, showed no deficits and in some cases even improved EF performance. These findings suggest that EF deficits are not a key feature of psychopathy per se, but rather are related to antisociality and disinhibitory traits. Potential brain correlates of these findings as well as implications for future research and treatment are discussed.
Development of an multicriteria decision analysis framework for rare disease reimbursement prioritization in Malaysia
Authors: Ku Abd Rahim Ku N. , Muhammad Lattepi Nurkhodrulnada , Sarimin Roza , Foo Sze Shir , Akmal Syaqirah , Lee Sit Wai , Mohamed Ghazali Izzuna Mudla 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Rare diseases (RD)-related policies have received significant attention due to the pressing medical requirements associated with these medical conditions and the substantial impact and treatments they may have on healthcare budgets. Nevertheless, policymakers frequently encounter difficulties in managing issues concerning resource allocation and prioritization within this population. Realizing the need to address such problems, this study was conducted to develop a framework based on the multicriteria decision analysis to improve RD reimbursement prioritization in Malaysia.

Methods
Primarily, a scoping review was performed to identify the methods and criteria used for the reimbursement of RD treatment, followed by strategic stakeholder engagement and a deliberative process on determining the best approach for the framework, including criteria identification, elicitation of weights, and a pilot assessment using the framework.

Results
The findings reflected the priorities and perspectives of the stakeholders, which identified eight key criteria and their associated weights, namely effectiveness (19.6 percent), disease severity (15.6 percent), safety (14.2 percent), access to treatment (12.6 percent), economic consideration (12.2 percent), type of therapeutic treatment (11.5 percent), availability of alternatives (8.3 percent), and population group (6 percent).

Conclusions
In summary, the developed framework was well-accepted by the Rare Disease Committee, which will be applied as part of the committee deliberation for transparent and equitable decision making on fund allocation and reimbursement of orphan and RD treatment in Malaysia.
Trapdoor Viscous Remanent Magnetization
Authors: Fabian Karl 
Published: September 2024

AbstractViscous remanent magnetization (VRM) in multidomain (MD) particles has many puzzling properties that deviate from the current VRM theory, based on Néel's single‐domain model of magnetic particles with an almost symmetric double‐well potential. In larger magnetic particles experimental evidence indicates that more complex magnetization structures preferentially change from high‐energy states to low‐energy states with large energy differences, such that VRM is preferentially acquired by directed magnetization changes in strongly asymmetric double‐well potentials. Here, a statistical model based on this ’trapdoor’ VRM (tdVRM) naturally explains the experimental observations of initial‐state dependence, time‐lag variation, non‐linear dependence, and acquisition‐decay asymmetry for MD VRM. It is discussed how tdVRM can be experimentally distinguished from single‐domain VRM and how the new theory can help to improve age determination by VRM analysis.
A NASA GISTEMPv4 Observational Uncertainty Ensemble
Authors: Lenssen Nathan , Schmidt Gavin A. , Hendrickson Michael , Jacobs Peter , Menne Matthew J. , Ruedy Reto 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe historical global temperature record is an essential data product for quantifying the variability and change of the Earth system. In recent years, better characterization of observational uncertainty in global and hemispheric trends has become available, but the methodologies are not necessarily applicable to analyses at smaller regional areas, or monthly or seasonal means, where station sparsity and other systematic issues contribute to greater uncertainty. This study presents a gridded uncertainty ensemble of historical surface temperature anomalies from the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) Surface Temperature (GISTEMP) product. This ensemble characterizes the complex spatial and temporal correlation structure of uncertainty, enabling better uncertainty propagation for climate and applied science in applications of historical temperature products at spatial scales from global to regional and temporal scales from centennial to monthly. This work details the methodology for generating the uncertainty ensemble, presents key statistics of the uncertainty evolution over space and time, and provides best practices for using the uncertainty ensemble in future studies. Summary statistics from the uncertainty ensemble agree well with the previous GISTEMP global uncertainty assessment, providing confidence in both.
Rapid Inundation Mapping Using the US National Water Model, Satellite Observations, and a Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Frame Jonathan M. , Nair Tanya , Sunkara Veda , Popien Philip , Chakrabarti Subit , Anderson Tyler , Leach Nicholas R. , Doyle Colin , Thomas Mitchell , Tellman Beth 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRapid and accurate maps of floods across large domains, with high temporal resolution capturing event peaks, have applications for flood forecasting and resilience, damage assessment, and parametric insurance. Satellite imagery produces incomplete observations spatially and temporally, and hydrodynamic models require tradeoffs between computational efficiency and accuracy. We address these challenges with a novel flood model which predicts surface water area from the U.S. National Water Model using a convolutional neural network (NWM‐CNN). We trained NWM‐CNN on 780 flood events, at a 250 m resolution with an RMSE of 4.58% on held out validation geographies. We demonstrate NWM‐CNN across California during the 2023 atmospheric rivers, comparing predictions against Sentinel‐1 mapped flood observations. We compared historical predictions from 1979 to 2023 to flood damage reports in Sacramento County, California. Results show that NWM‐CNN captures inundation extent better than the Height Above Nearest Drainage (HAND) approach (25%–36% RMSE, respectively).
Wind Shear Effects in Convection–Permitting Models Influence MCS Rainfall and Forcing of Tropical Circulation
Authors: Maybee Ben , Marsham John H. , Klein Cornelia M. , Parker Douglas J. , Barton Emma J. , Taylor Christopher M. , Lewis Huw , Sanchez Claudio , Jones Richard W. , Warner James 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMesoscale Convective Systems (MCSs) play a critical role in tropical rainfall patterns and circulations. To reduce persistent biases and improve understanding of the climate system, international groups have called for unprecedented investment in global convection–permitting (CP) climate models. It is essential such models accurately represent MCSs, and in particular environmental interactions such as dynamical control by wind shear. We show that in representative current generation CP simulations, MCS updraft entrainment decreases with shear, leading to a realistic increase of extreme rainfall. We find the control of environmental shear extends to mean storm rainfall and anvil heights. The simulation of these effects depends strongly on model physics in both CP and parameterized models. We show that in West Africa, MCS shear response influences the zonal distribution of storm diabatic heating, modifying upscale impacts of convection. Our results demonstrate key tests for focused process–based assessment of CP model fidelity.
A Physics‐Enhanced Neural Network for Estimating Longitudinal Dispersion Coefficient and Average Solute Transport Velocity in Porous Media
Authors: Meng Yinquan , Jiang Jianguo , Wu Jichun , Wang Dong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDispersion coefficients and the average solute transport velocity are pivotal for groundwater solute transport modeling. Accurately and efficiently determining these parameters is challenging due to difficulties in directly correlating them with pore‐space structure. To address this issue, we introduced the Physics‐enhanced Convolutional Neural Network‐Transformer (PhysenCT‐Net), an innovative model designed to concurrently estimate the longitudinal dispersion coefficient and average solute transport velocity in three‐dimensional porous media. PhysenCT‐Net exhibited excellent predictive performance on unseen testing datasets and significantly reduced computational demands. Comprehensive evaluations confirmed its robust generalization across various flow conditions and pore structures. Notably, the longitudinal dispersion coefficient predictions closely align with established empirical relationships involving Péclet number, affirming the model's physical interpretability and potential to aid in simulating transport phenomena in porous media.
Gaussian Process Regression‐Based Bayesian Optimisation (G‐BO) of Model Parameters—A WRF Model Case Study of Southeast Australia Heat Extremes
Authors: Reddy P. Jyoteeshkumar , Chinta Sandeep , Baki Harish , Matear Richard , Taylor John 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models, such as the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, parameter uncertainty in physics parameterization schemes significantly impacts model output. Our study adopts a Bayesian probabilistic approach, building on prior research that identified temperature (T) and relative humidity (Rh) as sensitive to three key WRF parameters during southeast Australia's extreme heat events. Using Gaussian process regression‐based Bayesian Optimisation (G‐BO), we accurately estimated the optimal distributions for these parameters. Results show that the default values are outside their corresponding optimal distribution bounds for two of the three parameters, suggesting the need to reconsider these default values. Additionally, the robustness of the optimal parameter distributions is validated by their application to an independent extreme heat event, not included in the optimisation process. In this test, the optimized parameters substantially improved the simulation of T and Rh, highlighting their effectiveness in enhancing simulation accuracy during extreme heat conditions.
Strong Lg‐Wave Attenuation Reveals Quarter‐Toroidal Crustal Melting Around the Yakutat Terrane in South‐Central Alaska
Authors: Yang Geng , Zhao Lian‐Feng , Xie Xiao‐Bi , He Xi , Zhang Lei , Yao Zhen‐Xing 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSouth‐central Alaska features a history of massive volcanic activity. How the Denali volcanic gap (DVG) formed and why the Wrangell volcanoes are clustered remain vigorously debated. Investigating the crustal thermal structure can be crucial for understanding subsurface magmatic activity. We present a high‐resolution broadband Lg‐wave attenuation model to constrain crustal thermal anomalies beneath Alaska. Strong Lg attenuation is observed beneath the volcanoes in south‐central Alaska, indicating thermal anomalies and possible melting in the crust. In contrast, the central Yakutat terrane (YT) and DVG are characterized by weak Lg attenuation, suggesting the existence of a cool crust that prevents hot mantle materials from invading the crust. This cool crust is likely the reason for the DVG. Quarter‐toroidal crustal melting with strong attenuation is revealed around the YT. This curved zone of crustal melting, possibly driven by toroidal mantle flow, weakly connects the Wrangell and Buzzard Creek‐Jumbo Dome magmatic chambers.
Gene-environment correlation: the role of family environment in academic development
Authors: Zhou Quan , Gidziela Agnieszka , Allegrini Andrea G. , Cheesman Rosa , Wertz Jasmin , Maxwell Jessye , Plomin Robert , Rimfeld Kaili , Malanchini Margherita 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Academic achievement is partly heritable and highly polygenic. However, genetic effects on academic achievement are not independent of environmental processes. We investigated whether aspects of the family environment mediated genetic effects on academic achievement across development. Our sample included 5151 children who participated in the Twins Early Development Study, as well as their parents and teachers. Data on academic achievement and family environments (parenting, home environments, and geocoded indices of neighbourhood characteristics) were available at ages 7, 9, 12 and 16. We computed educational attainment polygenic scores (PGS) and further separated genetic effects into cognitive and noncognitive PGS. Three core findings emerged. First, aspects of the family environment, but not the wider neighbourhood context, consistently mediated the PGS effects on achievement across development—accounting for up to 34.3% of the total effect. Family characteristics mattered beyond socio-economic status. Second, family environments were more robustly linked to noncognitive PGS effects on academic achievement than cognitive PGS effects. Third, when we investigated whether environmental mediation effects could also be observed when considering differences between siblings, adjusting for family fixed effects, we found that environmental mediation was nearly exclusively observed between families. This is consistent with the proposition that family environmental contexts contribute to academic development via passive gene-environment correlation processes or genetic nurture. Our results show how parents tend to shape environments that foster their children’s academic development partly based on their own genetic disposition, particularly towards noncognitive skills, rather than responding to each child’s genetic disposition.
GLP-1 receptor agonist exenatide uncouples food intake from hedonic and anticipatory regulation in non-human primates: insights from an operant meal schedule paradigm
Authors: Knakker Balázs , Inkeller Judit , Kovács Péter , Lendvai Balázs , Hernádi István 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), a neuroendocrine signal of energy balance and satiety, has a major role in regulating food intake behaviour. Here we investigated the effects of the GLP-1 agonist exenatide on palatability-driven feeding regulation in adult male rhesus macaques (n = 5) using a novel operant food intake paradigm with four meal schedule conditions where two types of pellets with different palatability values were offered as meal in all combinations in two consecutive daily feeding sessions (S1 and S2). In control conditions, a strong, palatability-driven anticipatory effect was found in S1, followed by a complementary positive contrast effect in S2. After acute subcutaneous treatment with 1 µg/kg dose of exenatide 1 h before S1, food intake decreased to the same very low level in all meal schedule conditions in S1, completely erasing the previously observed anticipatory effect. Conversely, exenatide induced hypoglycaemia in an anticipatory meal schedule dependent pattern. Interestingly, the previously observed positive contrast effect was spared in S2, with a weaker residual effect specifically on the consumption of the more palatable pellet type. To conclude, the food intake reducing effects of exenatide may temporally evolve from strong anorectic to weak anhedonic modulations, where hedonic experience and anticipation during the early anorectic phase is conserved but uncoupled from food intake behaviour.
Psychiatric disorders and comorbidity in women with Turner Syndrome: a retrospective national cohort study
Authors: Thunström Sofia , Wide Ulla , Landin-Wilhelmsen Kerstin , Berntorp Kerstin , Bryman Inger , Krantz Emily , Wahlberg Jeanette , Ekman Bertil , Isakson Magnus , Karlsson Anders , Bergström Ingrid , Naessén Sabine 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTurner syndrome (TS) is a genetic condition characterized by partial or complete monosomy X. A reduced life expectancy has been shown in TS, depending on an increased risk of aortic dissection, and ischemic heart disease. Studies covering the occurrence of psychiatric conditions are sparse within TS. Several case reports describe concomitant TS and neuropsychiatric abnormalities that may represent a pathogenetic link to genetics, as well as feature correlates of TS. The aim of this study was to determine the presence, and the frequency of psychiatric diagnosis in women with TS in a Swedish cohort followed during 25 years’ time. Statistics from the entire female population in Sweden of corresponding age was used as reference. Data were retrieved from clinical examinations and validated from the National Board of Health and Welfare registries for women with TS (n = 487), aged 16 to 84 years, with respect to mental health disorders. The most common diagnoses in TS were mood and anxiety disorders. There was no increase in psychiatric diagnosis within the group with time, nor correlation to specific karyotype or somatic comorbidity as congenital heart disease and hypothyroidism, hormonal treatment, or childbirth. In addition, the frequency of psychiatric diagnosis in TS was lower than in the population-based data. Further investigations are needed in the view of the fact that women with Turner syndrome should not be burdened with more severe diagnoses.
Pharmacological and non-pharmacological predictors of the LSD experience in healthy participants
Authors: Vizeli Patrick , Studerus Erich , Holze Friederike , Schmid Yasmin , Dolder Patrick C. , Ley Laura , Straumann Isabelle , Becker Anna M. , Müller Felix , Arikci Denis , Liechti Matthias E. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe pharmacodynamic effects of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) are diverse and different in different individuals. Effects of other psychoactive substances have been shown to be critically influenced by non-pharmacological factors such as personality traits and mood states. The aim of this study was to determine pharmacological and psychological predictors of the LSD effects in healthy human subjects. This analysis is based on nine double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over studies with a total of 213 healthy subjects receiving between 25–200 µg LSD. The influence of sex, age, dose, body weight, pharmacogenetic, drug experience, personality, setting, and mood before drug intake on the peak autonomic and total subjective responses to LSD was investigated using multiple linear mixed effects models and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator regression. Results were adjusted for LSD dose and corrected for multiple testing. LSD dose emerged as the most influential predictor, exhibiting a positive correlation with most response variables. Pre-drug mental states such as “Well-Being”, “Emotional Excitability”, and “Anxiety” were also important predictor for a range of subjective effects but also heart rate and body temperature. The trait “Openness to Experiences” was positively correlated with elevated ratings in “Oceanic Boundlessness” and mystical-type effects. Previous experiences with hallucinogens have been negatively associated with the overall altered state of consciousness and particularly with “Anxious Ego Dissolution”. Acute anxiety negatively correlated with the genetically determined functionality of the Cytochrome 2D6 enzyme. In summary, besides the amount of drug consumed, non-pharmacological factors such as personal traits and current mood also significantly predicted the subjective drug experience. Sex and body weight were not significant factors in influencing the drug experience.