bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of some Heterocyclic Compounds Derived from 2-Chloro-N-p-Tolylacetamide
Authors: Shaaban Hanan Gh 
Published: March 2017

This research includes preparation of (2-chloro-N-p-tolylacetamide) (1) from the reaction of (p-aminotoluene) with chloro acetyl chloride. Compound (1) reacted with thiosemi carbazide and gave compound (2), and when compound (1) reacted with semicarbazide gave compound (3). While when compound (1) reacted with thiourea it produced compound (4).
Compounds (2-4) when reacted with appropriate aromatic aldehydes or ketones produced Shiff bass (5-16), which in turn reacted with chloro acetyl chloride in the present of tri ethyl amine and dioxin gave β-lactam derivatives (14-22). The structures of these compounds were characterized from their melting points, FT-IR, and NMR.
Study of Physical Properties for Sodium acetate with Water and Water - Acetone mixtures at Different Temperatures
Authors: Abbas Ahmed Mohammed , Ahmed Zainab Wajdi , Sulaiman Alaa Fadhil , AbdalLatif Issam AbdalKreem 
Published: March 2017

In this study binary and ternary solutions are prepared by using the sodium acetate concentrations (0.1, 0.125, 0.2, 0.25, 0.4, 0.5, 0.8, 1 M) in water and acetone –water mixtures .The important parameters such as apparent molal volume, the partial molal volume transfer, apparent molal compressibility, free energy of activation of viscous flow and thermodynamic activation parameter (enthalpy and entropy) determined of sodium acetate in water , 20%, 40% ,60% and 80% V/V acetone –water mixtures at 298.15K, 303.15K, and 308.15K from density and viscosity measurements espectively. The limiting apparent molal volumes and experimental slopes were derived from the Masson equation, have been interpreted in terms of solute–solvent and solute–solute interactions respectively. The viscosity data were analyzed using theJones–Dole equation and the derived parameter B - coefficient has also been interpreted in terms of solute–solvent interactions in the solutions.
Evaluation of Some Pesticide Residues in Fruits import by High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Abdul-Latef Lamees Munef , Ahmed Iyad Abdul-Muhsan 
Published: March 2017

Pesticide residues have been found in various fruits and vegetables. This studycollected 24 samples and reported a method based on High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). For determination of pesticide residues used in Some fruits which were collected from different markets of Baghdad city to make) 24) samples from (peel , core, mixture) for each type of fruits markets as: Oranges( Egypt , Africa), Pomegranate ( Egypt), Mango ( Kenya ), Pears (China), Plum fruits ( Africa ) , Kiwi (Turkey ) .That detective of ( 5 ) different pesticides (diazinon, malathion, chlorpyrifos ,parathion and cypermethrin). The results were detected of multi-residues of pesticides on the fruit in ( peel , core , mixture ) may be in the limit of Maximum residue limits(MRL) or higher of it . The pesticides detected that exceeding the limits are: cypermethrin in Kiwi (peel, core and mixture)at(0.204,0.038, 0.537), in pomegranate detected in (peel and mixture) at (0.509,0.189) mg/kg , Diazinondetccted in Egyptian orange in (peel ,core and mixture) at (0.031,0.207, 0.099) mg/kg . Malathion and Parathion was not detected at any type of fruits and that results was compared with codex of FAO/WHO(2013). That data is important to monitor residues in food and to fill gaps in current knowledge would be helpful in assessing human exposure risks from ingestion of contaminated Fruits Imported to our country.
Fractures in High-Strength Bolts due to Hydrogen Induced Stress Corrosion – Causes and Corrective Actions
Authors: Hoche H. , Oechsner M. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Delayed brittle fractures of high-strength bolts of the strength class 10.9 are presented, taking the example of three damage cases. The respective damage mechanisms could be attributed to hydrogen induced stress corrosion which was caused, in turn, by hydrogen absorption during operation. The examples were chosen with a particular focus on the material condition‘s susceptibility which explains the cause for the occurrence of the damage mechanism. However, in only one of the three cases the susceptibility was evident and could be explained by violations of normative specifications and an unfavorable material choice. Whereas in the two other examples, only slight or no deviations from the standards and/or regulations could be found.
The influencing parameters that caused the damage, those that further promoted the damage, as well as possible corrective actions are discussed taking into account the three exemplary damage cases.
Preparation and Performance Evaluation of SPEEK/Polyaniline Composite Membrane for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell
Authors: Sultan A. S. , Adewole J. K. , Al-Ahmed A. , Nazal M. , Zaidi S. M. Javaid 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Polymer composites comprising sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) and 10 to 50 wt% of Poly(trimellitic anhydride chloride-co-4,4′-methylenedianiline) (PTCMA) were prepared by solution casting. The effects of PTCMA concentrations on morphological, thermal and transport properties (water uptake, methanol permeability, ion exchange capacity and proton conductivity) were investigated. A morphological analysis revealed an homogenous dense microstructure for all the composites. Also, transport property tests revealed that the water uptake, methanol permeability and ion exchange capacity were enhanced by the addition of PTCMA whereas proton conductivity deteriorated. As shown by a thermogravimetric analysis, the difference between the thermal properties of the pure SPEEK and the composites was insignificant. Overall, the composites were observed to display a better global performance in terms of transport properties than pure SPEEK.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Nanocomposite Based on Polypropylene/Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer/Graphene
Authors: Haghnegahdar M. , Naderi G. , Ghoreishy M. H. R. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Polypropylene (PP)/ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM)/ graphene nanosheets (GNs) were compounded by a two-step melt mixing process via an internal mixer (brabender plasticorder). The effect of GNs, graphene oxide (GOSs) and graphene oxide functionalized with PP chains (PP-g-GOSs) on various blend properties were investigated. Wide X-ray diffraction (WAXD) patterns and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of the prepared nanocomposites revealed that the nanofillers were mostly dispersed into the PP phase and the dispersion state of GNs was improved with functionalization of graphene. SEM photomicrographs indicated that rubber droplets were distributed in the PP phase and a reduction of the dispersed EPDM droplet size was observed most likely due to increase in the viscosity of the PP-phase during melt mixing. The effects of nanofillers on thermal, mechanical and rheological properties were reported, and the obtained results were discussed in terms of morphology, state of dispersion and distribution of the nanofillers within the PP matrix. As for the mechanical properties, an improvement of 56% in tensile modulus and 48% in tensile strength, while 72% reduction in elongation at break was observed. The DMTA results revealed that the nanocomposites based on PP-g-GOSs had lower damping behavior and the intensity of the loss factor decreased by increasing the GNs content. These results indicate the presence of a strong interfacial interaction between the nanoplatelets and the polymer matrix.
An Engineering Model that Simulates Pantographing Occurring in the Shaping Process of Reinforced Uncured Rubber Parts
Authors: Debbaut B. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
When a material volume consisting of an uncured rubber matrix reinforced with two non-parallel sets of embedded reinforcement wires or cords is subjected to large deformations, pantographing may occur. In other words, the angles between reinforcement wires change. We introduce a simple phenomenological fluid model suitable for the numerical prediction of pantographing, as can be encountered in industrial processes such as the manufacturing of rubber tires or reinforced hoses. The reinforced material is described with an orthotropic continuous fluid model. Here the reinforcement wires or cords are accounted for by the orthotropy, whose direction is locally affected by the deformation undergone by the matrix, and is updated accordingly. The model is subsequently applied to the simulation of a sagging experiment, where the role of pantographing is illustrated.
Morphology and Thermal Behavior of TPU/PP Blends Modified with Maleic Anhydride Grafted SEBS-g-MA Block Copolymer
Authors: Bulatović V. O. , Mihaljević A. , Bajsić E. G. , Holjevac T. G. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe effect of the maleic anhydride grafted styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene (SEBS-g-MA) block copolymer on the properties of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and polypropylene (PP) blends were studied. TPU/PP and TPU/PP/SEBS-g-MA blends with different weight ratios were prepared in a twin-screw extruder. The thermal properties of the blends were investigated via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The morphological structure of the blends as well as the effect of SEBS-g-MA block copolymer on the reduction of domain size and particle dispersion were investigated via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results from the uncompatibilized blends clearly indicated immiscibility of TPU and PP resulting in undesirable properties. The thermal properties of TPU/PP blends were improved by compatibilization with SEBS-g-MA. Addition of the SEBS-g-MA block copolymer resulted in a finer dispersion of the minor phase and clearly improved interfacial adhesion.
Randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial comparing two multimodal opioid-minimizing pain management regimens following transsphenoidal surgery
Authors: Shepherd Deborah M. , Jahnke Heidi , White William L. , Little Andrew S. 
Published: March 2017

OBJECTIVEPain control is an important clinical consideration and quality-of-care metric. No studies have examined postoperative pain control following transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary lesions. The study goals were to 1) report postoperative pain scores following transsphenoidal surgery, 2) determine if multimodal opioid-minimizing pain regimens yielded satisfactory postoperative pain control, and 3) determine if intravenous (IV) ibuprofen improved postoperative pain scores and reduced opioid use compared with placebo.METHODSThis study was a single-center, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled intervention trial involving adult patients with planned transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary tumors randomized into 2 groups. Group 1 patients were treated with scheduled IV ibuprofen, scheduled oral acetaminophen, and rescue opioids. Group 2 patients were treated with IV placebo, scheduled oral acetaminophen, and rescue opioids. The primary end point was patient pain scores (visual analog scale [VAS], rated 0–10) for 48 hours after surgery. The secondary end point was opioid use as estimated by oral morphine equivalents (OMEs).RESULTSOf 136 patients screened, 62 were enrolled (28 in Group 1, 34 in Group 2). The study was terminated early because the primary and secondary end points were reached. Baseline characteristics between groups were well matched except for age (Group 1, 59.3 ± 14.4 years; Group 2, 49.8 ± 16.2 years; p = 0.02). Mean VAS pain scores were significantly different, with a 43% reduction in Group 1 (1.7 ± 2.2) compared with Group 2 (3.0 ± 2.8; p < 0.0001). Opioid use was significantly different, with a 58% reduction in Group 1 (26.3 ± 28.7 mg OME) compared with Group 2 (62.5 ± 63.8 mg OME; p < 0.0001).CONCLUSIONSMultimodal opioid-minimizing pain-management protocols resulted in acceptable pain control following transsphenoidal surgery. IV ibuprofen resulted in significantly improved pain scores and significantly decreased opioid use compared with placebo. Postoperative multimodal pain management, including a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory medication, should be considered after surgery to improve patient comfort and to limit opioid use.Clinical trial registration no.: NCT02351700 (clinicaltrials.gov)■ CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE Type of question: therapeutic; study design: randomized, controlled trial; evidence: Class III.
Impact of bifurcation angle and inflow coefficient on the rupture risk of bifurcation type basilar artery tip aneurysms
Authors: Rashad Sherif , Sugiyama Shin-ichiro , Niizuma Kuniyasu , Sato Kenichi , Endo Hidenori , Omodaka Shunsuke , Matsumoto Yasushi , Fujimura Miki , Tominaga Teiji 
Published: March 2017

OBJECTIVERisk factors for aneurysm rupture have been extensively studied, with several factors showing significant correlations with rupture status. Several studies have shown that aneurysm shape and hemodynamics change after rupture. In the present study the authors investigated a static factor, the bifurcation angle, which does not change after rupture, to understand its effect on aneurysm rupture risk and hemodynamics.METHODSA hospital database was retrospectively reviewed to identify patients with cerebral aneurysms treated surgically or endovascularly in the period between 2008 and 2015. After acquiring 3D rotational angiographic data, 3D stereolithography models were created and computational fluid dynamic analysis was performed using commercially available software. Patient data (age and sex), morphometric factors (aneurysm volume and maximum height, aspect ratio, bifurcation angle, bottleneck ratio, and neck/parent artery ratio), and hemodynamic factors (inflow coefficient and wall shear stress) were statistically compared between ruptured and unruptured groups.RESULTSSeventy-one basilar tip aneurysms were included in this study, 22 ruptured and 49 unruptured. Univariate analysis showed aspect ratio, bifurcation angle, bottleneck ratio, and inflow coefficient were significantly correlated with a ruptured status. Logistic regression analysis showed that aspect ratio and bifurcation angle were significant predictors of a ruptured status. Bifurcation angle was inversely correlated with inflow coefficient (p < 0.0005), which in turn correlated directly with mean (p = 0.028) and maximum (p = 0.014) wall shear stress (WSS) using Pearson's correlation coefficient, whereas aspect ratio was inversely correlated with mean (0.012) and minimum (p = 0.018) WSS.CONCLUSIONSBifurcation angle and aspect ratio are independent predictors for aneurysm rupture. Bifurcation angle, which does not change after rupture, is correlated with hemodynamic factors including inflow coefficient and WSS, as well as rupture status. Aneurysms with the hands-up bifurcation configuration are more prone to rupture than aneurysms with other bifurcation configurations.
Efficacy and safety of corpus callosotomy after vagal nerve stimulation in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy
Authors: Hong Jennifer , Desai Atman , Thadani Vijay M. , Roberts David W. 
Published: March 2017

OBJECTIVEVagal nerve stimulation (VNS) and corpus callosotomy (CC) have both been shown to be of benefit in the treatment of medically refractory epilepsy. Recent case series have reviewed the efficacy of VNS in patients who have undergone CC, with encouraging results. There are few data, however, on the use of CC following VNS therapy.METHODSThe records of all patients at the authors' center who underwent CC following VNS between 1998 and 2015 were reviewed. Patient baseline characteristics, operative details, and postoperative outcomes were analyzed.RESULTSTen patients met inclusion criteria. The median follow-up was 72 months, with a minimum follow-up of 12 months (range 12–109 months). The mean time between VNS and CC was 53.7 months. The most common reason for CC was progression of seizures after VNS. Seven patients had anterior CC, and 3 patients returned to the operating room for a completion of the procedure. All patients had a decrease in the rate of falls and drop seizures; 7 patients experienced elimination of drop seizures. Nine patients had an Engel Class III outcome, and 1 patient had a Class IV outcome. There were 3 immediate postoperative complications and 1 delayed complication. One patient developed pneumonia, 1 developed transient mutism, and 1 had persistent weakness in the nondominant foot. One patient presented with a wound infection.CONCLUSIONSThe authors demonstrate that CC can help reduce seizures in patients with medically refractory epilepsy following VNS, particularly with respect to drop attacks.
The effect of cranioplasty following decompressive craniectomy on cerebral blood perfusion, neurological, and cognitive outcome
Authors: Shahid Adnan Hussain , Mohanty Manju , Singla Navneet , Mittal Bhagwant Rai , Gupta Sunil Kumar 
Published: March 2017

OBJECTIVEDecompressive craniectomy is an established therapy for refractory intracranial hypertension. Cranioplasty following decompressive craniectomy not only provides protection to the brain along with cosmetic benefits, but also enhances rehabilitation with meaningful functional recovery of potentially reversible cortical and subcortical damaged areas of the affected as well as the contralateral hemisphere. The aim of the study was to assess neurological and cognitive outcome as well as cerebral blood flow after cranioplasty.METHODSThirty-four patients admitted for replacement cranioplasty after decompressive craniectomy for head injury were studied prospectively. Clinical, neurological, and cognitive outcomes were assessed by the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS), the Glasgow Coma Scale, and a battery of cognitive tests, respectively. Simultaneously, cerebral blood perfusion was assessed by technetium-99m ethyl cysteinate dimer (99mTc-ECD) brain SPECT imaging 7 days prior to and 3 months after cranioplasty.RESULTSPrior to cranioplasty 9 patients (26.5%) had GOS scores of 5 and 25 patients (73.5%) had GOS scores of 4, whereas postcranioplasty all 34 patients (100%) improved to GOS scores of 5. Approximately 35.3%–90.9% patients showed cognitive improvement postcranioplasty in various tests. Also, on comparison with brain SPECT, 94% of patients showed improvement in cerebral perfusion in different lobes.CONCLUSIONSCranioplasty remarkably improves neurological and cognitive outcomes supported by improvement in cerebral blood perfusion.
Interactions between glioma and pregnancy: insight from a 52-case multicenter series
Authors: Peeters Sophie , Pagès Mélanie , Gauchotte Guillaume , Miquel Catherine , Cartalat-Carel Stéphanie , Guillamo Jean-Sébastien , Capelle Laurent , Delattre Jean-Yves , Beauchesne Patrick , Debouverie Marc , Fontaine Denys , Jouanneau Emmanuel , Stecken Jean , Menei Philippe , De Witte Olivier , Colin Philippe , Frappaz Didier , Lesimple Thierry , Bauchet Luc , Lopes Manuel , Bozec Laurence , Moyal Elisabeth , Deroulers Christophe , Varlet Pascale , Zanello Marc , Chretien Fabrice , Oppenheim Catherine , Duffau Hugues , Taillandier Luc , Pallud Johan 
Published: March 2017

OBJECTIVEThe goal of this study was to provide insight into the influence of gliomas on gestational outcomes, the impact of pregnancy on gliomas, and the identification of patients at risk.METHODSIn this multiinstitutional retrospective study, the authors identified 52 pregnancies in 50 women diagnosed with a glioma.RESULTSFor gliomas known prior to pregnancy (n = 24), we found the following: 1) An increase in the quantified imaging growth rates occurred during pregnancy in 87% of cases. 2) Clinical deterioration occurred in 38% of cases, with seizures alone resolving after delivery in 57.2% of cases. 3) Oncological treatments were immediately performed after delivery in 25% of cases. For gliomas diagnosed during pregnancy (n = 28), we demonstrated the following: 1) The tumor was discovered during the second and third trimesters in 29% and 54% of cases, respectively, with seizures being the presenting symptom in 68% of cases. 2) The quantified imaging growth rates did not significantly decrease after delivery and before oncological treatment. 3) Clinical deterioration resolved after delivery in 21.4% of cases. 4) Oncological treatments were immediately performed after delivery in 70% of cases. Gliomas with a high grade of malignancy, negative immunoexpression of alpha-internexin, or positive immunoexpression for p53 were more likely to be associated with tumor progression during pregnancy. Deliveries were all uneventful (cesarean section in 54.5% of cases and vaginal delivery in 45.5%), and the infants were developmentally normal.CONCLUSIONSWhen a woman harboring a glioma envisions a pregnancy, or when a glioma is discovered in a pregnant patient, the authors suggest informing her and her partner that pregnancy may impact the evolution of the glioma clinically and radiologically. They strongly advise a multidisciplinary approach to management.■ CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE Type of question: association; study design: case series; evidence: Class IV.
Laser IR fragmentation of molecular clusters: the role of channels for energy input and relaxation, the influence of surroundings, and the dynamics of fragmentation
Authors: Makarov G N 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The results of research into the infrared (IR) laser fragmentation of molecular clusters by resonant vibrational excitation of their constituent molecules are presented with special attention given to the role of cluster environment, the energy input and relaxation channels, and dynamical aspects. For this purpose, the results of experiments with free homogeneous and mixed molecular clusters and of experiments with clusters inside or on the surface of large inert gas clusters are analyzed, the laser excitation pulses varying in wavelength and duration. Data on the character and rate of cluster fragmentation, and on the intramolecular and intracluster vibrational energy relaxation times in clusters are discussed. Results of an investigation into the structure and dynamics of molecular clusters and atomic-molecular complexes obtained by IR photodissociation spectroscopy and the spectroscopy of photofragments are analyzed. Methods for generating heterogeneous molecular clusters, for size-selecting clusters. and for studying the IR dissociation and IR fragmentation of clusters are also briefly considered.
The ALMA View of the OMC1 Explosion in Orion
Authors: Bally John , Ginsburg Adam , Arce Hector , Eisner Josh , Youngblood Allison , Zapata Luis , Zinnecker Hans 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Most massive stars form in dense clusters where gravitational interactions with other stars may be common. The two nearest forming massive stars, the BN object and Source I, located behind the Orion Nebula, were ejected with velocities of ∼29 and ∼13 km s−1 about 500 years ago by such interactions. This event generated an explosion in the gas. New ALMA observations show in unprecedented detail, a roughly spherically symmetric distribution of over a hundred 12CO J = 2−1 streamers with velocities extending from V
LSR = −150 to +145 km s−1. The streamer radial velocities increase (or decrease) linearly with projected distance from the explosion center, forming a “Hubble Flow” confined to within 50″ of the explosion center. They point toward the high proper-motion, shock-excited H2 and [Fe ii] “fingertips” and lower-velocity CO in the H2 wakes comprising Orion's “fingers.” In some directions, the H2 “fingers” extend more than a factor of two farther from the ejection center than the CO streamers. Such deviations from spherical symmetry may be caused by ejecta running into dense gas or the dynamics of the N-body interaction that ejected the stars and produced the explosion. This ∼1048 erg event may have been powered by the release of gravitational potential energy associated with the formation of a compact binary or a protostellar merger. Orion may be the prototype for a new class of stellar explosiozn responsible for luminous infrared transients in nearby galaxies.