bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The alternative “Marketing Revolution”
Authors: Tadajewski Mark 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
This paper reviews the contributions of Harry Tosdal, a pioneer of sales and marketing management. It serves to puncture a variety of marketing myths and illuminate a completely neglected concept of the consumer.

Design/methodology/approach
This account is based on a close reading of Tosdal’s publications.

Findings
Tosdal articulated a highly nuanced interpretation of marketing management, market research and sales force management. Each of these elements was keyed into fostering goodwill between firm and customer. Perhaps most importantly, he provides a counterpoint to the idea that the consumer is sovereign in the marketplace. Instead, he makes a case that the ontology of the market is riven by compromise.

Originality/value
This paper highlights the concept of the compromising consumer. Arguably, this is a much more empirically realistic conception of the agency we possess in the marketplace than the idea that we move markets in ways absolutely consistent with our desires.
Gay guys using gay language: friendship, shared values and the intent‐context‐effect matrix
Authors: McCormack Mark , Wignall Liam , Morris Max 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis article draws on in‐depth interviews with 35 openly gay male undergraduates from four universities in England to develop an understanding of the changing nature of language related to homosexuality. In addition to finding a diminution in the prevalence of homophobic language, we demonstrate that participants maintain complex and nuanced understandings of phrases that do not use homophobic pejoratives, such as ‘that's so gay’. The majority of participants rejected the notion that these phrases are inherently homophobic, instead arguing that the intent with which they are said and the context in which they are used are vital in understanding their meaning and effect. We conceptualize an intent‐context‐effect matrix to understand the interdependency of these variables. Highlighting the situated nature of this matrix, we also demonstrate the importance of the existence of shared norms between those saying and hearing the phrase when interpreting such language.
Factors associated with maternal mortality at advanced maternal age: a population‐based case–control study
Authors: McCall SJ , Nair M , Knight M 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the factors associated with maternal mortality among women aged ≥35 years.DesignUnmatched population based case–control study.SettingUnited Kingdom.PopulationBetween 2009 and 2012, 105 cases of maternal deaths aged ≥35 years were extracted from the surveillance database of the MBRRACE‐UK confidential enquiries into maternal deaths in the UK. In addition, 766 controls aged ≥35 years were identified from the UK Obstetric Surveillance System (2005–2012).MethodsRisk factors known to be associated with maternal mortality and morbidity and for which data were available were examined for their association with maternal mortality among women ≥35 years using logistic regression analysis.Main outcome measuresOdds ratios and 95% confidence intervals associated with maternal death.ResultsFive factors were found to be significantly associated with increased odds of death among women aged ≥35 years: smoking during pregnancy (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.06, 95% CI 1.13–3.75), inadequate use of antenatal care (aOR 23.62, 95% CI 8.79–63.45), medical co‐morbidities (aOR 5.92, 95% CI 3.56–9.86) and previous pregnancy problems (aOR 2.06, 95% CI 1.23–3.45). The odds associated with death increased by 12% per year increase in age (aOR 1.12, 95% CI 1.02–1.22).ConclusionAge was associated with maternal mortality even after adjusting for other known risk factors. Importantly, this study showed an association between maternal mortality and smoking among women aged 35 years or older. It emphasises the importance of public health action to reduce smoking levels and address trends in rising maternal age.Tweetable abstractSmoking is a risk factor for maternal death for those aged over 35 years.
Feeding and parasitism of adultStenoperlaspp. (Plecoptera: Eustheniidae) in New Zealand
Authors: Winterbourn Michael J , Pohe Stephen R 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe adult diets of two species of stonefly,Stenoperla prasina(Newman, 1845) andStenoperla maclellaniZwick, 1979 were investigated by gut content analysis. Adults were collected throughout New Zealand by light‐trapping at 77 streamside sites most of which were located in native forest.S. prasinawas widely distributed and collected at 43 sites, whereasS. maclellaniwas sampled at 10 sites in the South Island only. Of 200 S. prasinaand 42 S. maclellanidissected, 36% and 69% respectively, contained food. Microscopic examination of a subset of individuals indicated that the gut contents of both species were dominated by sooty mould fungi with lesser contributions made by plant tissue, pollen grains and the spores of tree ferns. These findings suggest that stoneflies had been feeding on the trunks, branches and foliage of trees and perhaps on fronds of tree ferns. As the abdomens of most females were packed with eggs, which mature in late‐instar nymphs it is likely that feeding provides adults with a source of immediately available energy for mating and flight. Encysted larval stages of hairworms (Nematomorpha) and a trematode were also found in both stonefly species. Metacercarial cysts of the trematode are the first records of larval flukes parasitising New Zealand stoneflies. They were found in about 43% of dissected adults of each species with up to 40 cysts present in some individuals. It is possible that the parasite's definitive host is one of New Zealand's native bats (Chiroptera), which are known to eatStenoperlaand inhabit streamside forests at some of the localities where parasitised stoneflies were taken. Overall, our results provide further evidence for the importance of sooty mould fungi as a food source for New Zealand insects and highlight the role ofStenoperlaas a vector of larval parasites from aquatic to terrestrial hosts.
Delays during the administration of acetylcysteine for the treatment of paracetamol overdose
Authors: Bailey George P. , Najafi Javad , Elamin Muhammad E. M. O. , Waring W. Stephen , Thomas Simon H. L. , Archer John R. H. , Wood David M. , Dargan Paul I. 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundThe licensed intravenous acetylcysteine regimen for treating paracetamol overdose in most countries uses three separate infusions over 21 h. This complex regimen, requiring different infusion concentrations and rates, has been associated with administration errors. The aim of the present study was to assess the extent of administration delays occurring during this acetylcysteine regimen.MethodA 6‐month retrospective observational study was conducted at three English teaching hospitals with clinical toxicology services from October 2014. Patients aged 16 years and over, treated with intravenous acetylcysteine for paracetamol overdose, were included. The start times for infusions were recorded and the delays compared with the prescribed infusion times were calculated. Anaphylactoid reactions, intravenous cannula problems, overdose intent and smoking status were recorded to assess their contribution to delays.ResultsFrom 263 cases identified, 198 met the study inclusion criteria. The median time between the start of infusions 1 and 3 was delayed from the intended 5 h by a median (interquartile range) of 90 (50–163) min, with 135 (68%) cases delayed by more than 1 h. Significantly longer delays were observed in patients with anaphylactoid reactions [median delay 267 (217–413) min, n = 8] and accidental/supratherapeutic overdose [median delay 170 (95–260) min, n = 29]. There were no significant differences between smokers and nonsmokers, or for patients with intravenous cannula problems.ConclusionLong delays were identified during the three‐infusion acetylcysteine regimen for the treatment of paracetamol overdose. These were of clinical significance and could lead to periods of subtherapeutic plasma acetylcysteine concentrations and potentially avoidable hepatotoxicity, as well as delaying hospital discharge.
Multiple myeloma: patient outcomes in real‐world practice
Authors: Yong Kwee , Delforge Michel , Driessen Christoph , Fink Leah , Flinois Alain , Gonzalez‐McQuire Sebastian , Safaei Reza , Karlin Lionel , Mateos Maria‐Victoria , Raab Marc S. , Schoen Paul , Cavo Michele 
Published: July 2016

SummaryWith increasing number of therapies available for the treatment of multiple myeloma, it is timely to examine the course of patients' journeys. We investigated patient characteristics, treatment durations and outcomes, and symptom burden across the treatment pathway in Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Switzerland and the UK. In total, 435 physicians retrospectively reviewed 4997 patient charts. Profiles of patients diagnosed with multiple myeloma during the last 12 months were similar across countries; bone pain was the most common presentation. Median duration of first‐line therapy was 6 months, followed by a median treatment‐free interval of 10 months; both these decreased with increasing lines of therapy, as did time to progression. Depth of response, as assessed by the treating physician, also decreased with each additional line of therapy: 74% of patients achieved at least a very good partial response at first line, compared with only 11% at fifth line. Deeper responses were associated with longer time to progression, although these were physician‐judged. Toxicities and co‐morbidities increased with later treatment lines, and were more likely to have led to discontinuation of treatment. These real‐world data provide an insight into patient outcomes and treatment decisions being made in clinical practice.
Patient‐reported outcomes in the ProtecT randomized trial of clinically localized prostate cancer treatments: study design, and baseline urinary, bowel and sexual function and quality of life
Authors: Lane Athene , Metcalfe Chris , Young Grace J. , Peters Tim J. , Blazeby Jane , Avery Kerry N. L. , Dedman Daniel , Down Liz , Mason Malcolm D. , Neal David E. , Hamdy Freddie C. , Donovan Jenny L. ,   the ProtecT Study group
Published: July 2016

ObjectivesTo present the baseline patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) in the Prostate Testing for Cancer and Treatment (ProtecT) randomized trial comparing active monitoring, radical prostatectomy and external‐beam conformal radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer and to compare results with other populations.Materials and MethodsA total of 1643 randomized men, aged 50–69 years and diagnosed with clinically localized disease identified by prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) testing, in nine UK cities in the period 1999–2009 were included. Validated PROMs for disease‐specific (urinary, bowel and sexual function) and condition‐specific impact on quality of life (Expanded Prostate Index Composite [EPIC], 2005 onwards; International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire‐Urinary Incontinence [ICIQ‐UI], 2001 onwards; the International Continence Society short‐form male survey [ICSmaleSF]; anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS]), generic mental and physical health (12‐item short‐form health survey [SF‐12]; EuroQol quality‐of‐life survey, the EQ‐5D‐3L) were assessed at prostate biopsy clinics before randomization. Descriptive statistics are presented by treatment allocation and by men's age at biopsy and PSA testing time points for selected measures.ResultsA total of 1438 participants completed biopsy questionnaires (88%) and 77–88% of these were analysed for individual PROMs. Fewer than 1% of participants were using pads daily (5/754). Storage lower urinary tract symptoms were frequent (e.g. nocturia 22%, 312/1423). Bowel symptoms were rare, except for loose stools (16%, 118/754). One third of participants reported erectile dysfunction (241/735) and for 16% (118/731) this was a moderate or large problem. Depression was infrequent (80/1399, 6%) but 20% of participants (278/1403) reported anxiety. Sexual function and bother were markedly worse in older men (65–70 years), whilst urinary bother and physical health were somewhat worse than in younger men (49–54 years, all P < 0.001). Bowel health, urinary function and depression were unaltered by age, whilst mental health and anxiety were better in older men (P < 0.001). Only minor differences existed in mental or physical health, anxiety and depression between PSA testing and biopsy assessments.ConclusionThe ProtecT trial baseline PROMs response rates were high. Symptom frequencies and generic quality of life were similar to those observed in populations screened for prostate cancer and control subjects without cancer.
Analysis of nucleophosmin–anaplastic lymphoma kinase (NPM-ALK)-reactive CD8+ T cell responses in children with NPM-ALK+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma
Authors: Singh V K , Werner S , Hackstein H , Lennerz V , Reiter A , Wölfel T , Damm-Welk C , Woessmann W 
Published: July 2016

Summary
Cellular immune responses against the oncoantigen anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) in patients with ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) have been detected using peptide-based approaches in individuals preselected for human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-A*02:01. In this study, we aimed to evaluate nucleophosmin (NPM)-ALK-specific CD8+ T cell responses in ALCL patients ensuring endogenous peptide processing of ALK antigens and avoiding HLA preselection. We also examined the HLA class I restriction of ALK-specific CD8+ T cells. Autologous dendritic cells (DCs) transfected with in-vitro-transcribed RNA (IVT-RNA) encoding NPM–ALK were used as antigen-presenting cells for T cell stimulation. Responder T lymphocytes were tested in interferon-gamma enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assays with NPM–ALK-transfected autologous DCs as well as CV-1 in Origin with SV40 genes (COS-7) cells co-transfected with genes encoding the patients’ HLA class I alleles and with NPM–ALK encoding cDNA to verify responses and define the HLA restrictions of specific T cell responses. NPM–ALK-specific CD8+ T cell responses were detected in three of five ALK-positive ALCL patients tested between 1 and 13 years after diagnosis. The three patients had also maintained anti-ALK antibody responses. No reactivity was detected in samples from five healthy donors. The NPM–ALK-specific CD8+ T cell responses were restricted by HLA-C-alleles (C*06:02 and C*12:02) in all three cases. This approach allowed for the detection of NPM–ALK-reactive T cells, irrespective of the individual HLA status, up to 9 years after ALCL diagnosis.
The induction of autoimmune hepatitis in the human leucocyte antigen-DR4 non-obese diabetic mice autoimmune hepatitis mouse model
Authors: Yuksel M , Xiao X , Tai N , Vijay G M , Gülden E , Beland K , Lapierre P , Alvarez F , Hu Z , Colle I , Ma Y , Wen L 
Published: July 2016

SummaryAutoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic liver disease characterized by progressive inflammation, female preponderance and seropositivity for autoantibodies such as anti-smooth muscle actin and/or anti-nuclear, anti-liver kidney microsomal type 1 (anti-LKM1) and anti-liver cytosol type 1 (anti-LC1) in more than 80% of cases. AIH is linked strongly to several major histocompatibility complex (MHC) alleles, including human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DR3, -DR7 and -DR13. HLA-DR4 has the second strongest association with adult AIH, after HLA-DR3. We investigated the role of HLA-DR4 in the development of AIH by immunization of HLA-DR4 (DR4) transgenic non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice with DNA coding for human CYP2D6/FTCD fusion autoantigen. Immunization of DR4 mice leads to sustained mild liver injury, as assessed biochemically by elevated alanine aminotransferase, histologically by interface hepatitis, plasma cell infiltration and mild fibrosis and immunologically by the development of anti-LKM1/anti-LC1 antibodies. In addition, livers from DR4 mice had fewer regulatory T cells (Tregs), which had decreased programmed death (PD)-1 expression. Splenic Tregs from these mice also showed impaired inhibitory capacity. Furthermore, DR4 expression enhanced the activation status of CD8+ T cells, macrophages and dendritic cells in naive DR4 mice compared to naive wild-type (WT) NOD mice. Our results demonstrate that HLA-DR4 is a susceptibility factor for the development of AIH. Impaired suppressive function of Tregs and reduced PD-1 expression may result in spontaneous activation of key immune cell subsets, such as antigen-presenting cells and CD8+ T effectors, facilitating the induction of AIH and persistent liver damage.
Hypoxia‐induced vascular endothelial growth factor secretion by retinal pigment epithelial cells is inhibited by melatonin via decreased accumulation of hypoxia‐inducible factors‐1α protein
Authors: Lai Yu‐Hung , Hu Dan‐Ning , Rosen Richard , Sassoon Jodi , Chuang Lea‐Yea , Wu Kwou‐Yeung , Wu Wen‐Chuan 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundHypoxia is the most important stimulus leading to up‐regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the retina via elevation of hypoxia‐inducible factors‐1α (HIF‐1α) protein. The purpose of this study was to test the effects of melatonin on the expression of VEGF and HIF‐1α in the cultured human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells under normoxia and hypoxia.MethodAn in vitro RPE cell hypoxia model was established by placing cells under 1% oxygen pressure or by adding cobalt chloride (CoCl2) to the culture medium. RPE cells and conditioned media were collected from cultures treated with and without melatonin under normoxia and hypoxia. The protein and RNA levels of VEGF and HIF‐1α were measured by ELISA kits and RT‐PCR, respectively.ResultHypoxia induced a significant increase of expression and secretion of VEGF and accumulation of HIF‐1α protein in RPE cells (P < 0.05). Melatonin at 10−5 to 10−8 M significantly inhibited hypoxia‐induced expression, the secretion of VEGF and the accumulation of HIF‐1α protein (P < 0.05), but not affected expression of VEGF and HIF‐1α under normoxia (P > 0.05).ConclusionThis study suggests that melatonin may have potential value in the prevention and treatment of various retinal diseases associated with increase of VEGF, vascular leakage and angiogenesis.
Oral health‐related quality of life and esthetic outcome in single anterior maxillary implants
Authors: Angkaew Chayanuch , Serichetaphongse Pravej , Krisdapong Sudaduang , Dart Michel M. , Pimkhaokham Atiphan 
Published: July 2016

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study is twofold: to assess the esthetic outcome of single dental implant restorations in the anterior maxillary area after up to 3 years of function, and to evaluate the relationship between the esthetic outcome and oral health‐related quality of life.Materials and methodsTwenty patients who were treated with an anterior maxillary single implant restoration were recalled for esthetic outcome evaluation using pink and white esthetic scores (PES/WES). All patients completed a questionnaire regarding satisfaction of treatment outcome and quality of life related to the implant restorations. Patient satisfaction was assessed by visual analog scales (VAS) analysis, whereas oral impact on daily life performances (OIDP) was used to evaluate the quality of life of patients.ResultsThe esthetic outcome assessed by PES/WES showed favorable results. The median PES/WES scores were 16.00 (maximum possible score = 20). The median PES scores and WES scores were 7.50 and 8.00, respectively. Patient satisfaction rated in VAS scale ranged from 8 to 10. OIDP assessment showed an impact on daily life performance in 45% of patients. The most common impacts were eating (n = 5) and cleaning teeth (n = 4). No significant difference in PES/WES scores was found between the patients who perceived and did not perceive oral impacts.ConclusionsThere was some discrepancy between the dentist's evaluation and patient's perception but a strong positive satisfaction was reported from all patients which let suppose that the psychosocial factors that involve patient's perspective should be further investigated.
The long‐term efficacy of combining nucleos(t)ide analog and low‐dose hepatitis B immunoglobulin on post‐transplant hepatitis B virus recurrence
Authors: Idilman Ramazan , Akyildiz Murat , Keskin Onur , Gungor Gokhan , Yilmaz Tonguc U. , Kalkan Cagdas , Dayangac Murat , Cinar Kubilay , Balci Deniz , Hazinedaroglu Selcuk , Tokat Yaman 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to determine the long‐term efficacy of nucleos(t)ide analog (NA) and low‐dose hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) combination treatment for preventing post‐transplant hepatitis B virus (HBV) recurrence.MethodsA total of 296 patients with HBV‐associated liver disease who underwent liver transplantation (LT) were enrolled. A combination of a daily NA and low‐dose HBIG was used after LT.ResultsThe median follow‐up period was 46 months. HBV recurrence occurred in eight patients. The cumulative probability of HBV recurrence at 1, 3, 5, and 7 years was 1%, 3%, 3%, and 4%, respectively. Seven were on lamivudine (LMV) or adefovir dipivoxil (ADV), or LMV and ADV and HBIG combination treatment and one entecavir (ETV) and HBIG. With Cox regression analysis, HBV recurrence was determined to be associated with the presence of hepatocellular cancer (HCC) prior to LT (HR: 12.3, P=.02). Overall, 44 patients died. Survival was significantly better in the ETV or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and HBIG group than the other group (P<.001).ConclusionThe combination of ETV or TDF and low‐dose HBIG achieved a more favorable prophylaxis against HBV recurrence after LT. The presence of HCC prior to LT was associated with post‐transplant HBV recurrence.
Reading skill–fractional anisotropy relationships in visuospatial tracts diverge depending on socioeconomic status
Authors: Gullick Margaret M. , Demir‐Lira Özlem Ece , Booth James R. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractLow socioeconomic status (SES) has been repeatedly linked with decreased academic achievement, including lower reading outcomes. Some lower SES children do show skills and scores commensurate with those of their higher SES peers, but whether their abilities stem from the same systems as high SES children or are based on divergent strategies is unknown. We here investigated a potential interactive relationship between SES and real‐word reading skill in the white matter in 42 typically developing children. SES was determined based on parental education; reading skill and age were not significantly related to SES. There was a significant neural interaction: Clusters in the bilateral inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF), left superior longitudinal fasciculus, and left corticospinal tract demonstrated interactive skill–SES relationships in fractional anisotropy. Follow‐up analyses demonstrated that higher SES children showed a positive relationship between fractional anisotropy, reflecting tract coherence, and reading skill in left hemisphere tract clusters, whereas lower SES children showed a positive relationship in the right hemisphere homologues. Broadly, the ILF has been demonstrated to support orthographic skill on the left and more general visuospatial processing on the right, so high reading achievement in lower SES children may rely on supplementary visuospatial processing more than for higher SES readers. This pattern is consistent with previous work reporting low SES children's environments to include less rich verbal experience, which may lead them to disproportionately draw on visuospatial skills for success. Further, these results indicate that group SES differences may be best described by an adaptive, not a deficit, model.