bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous determination of the styrene unit content and assessment of molecular weight of triblock copolymers in adhesives by a size exclusion chromatography method
Authors: Wang Mingfang , Wang Yuerong , Luo Pei , Zhang Hongyang , Zhang Min , Hu Ping 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe content of styrene units in nonhydrogenated and hydrogenated styrene‐butadiene‐styrene and styrene‐isoprene‐styrene triblock copolymers significantly influences product performance. A size exclusion chromatography method was developed to determine the average styrene content of triblock copolymers blended with tackifier in adhesives. A complete separation of the triblock copolymer from the other additives was realized with size exclusion chromatography. The peak area ratio of the UV and refraction index signals of the copolymers at the same effective elution volume was correlated to the average styrene unit content using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy with commercial copolymers as standards. The obtained calibration curves showed good linearity for both the hydrogenated and nonhydrogenated styrene‐butadiene‐styrene and styrene‐isoprene‐styrene triblock copolymers (r = 0.974 for styrene contents of 19.3–46.3% for nonhydrogenated ones and r = 0.970 for the styrene contents of 23–58.2% for hydrogenated ones). For copolymer blends, the developed method provided more accurate average styrene unit contents than nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy provided. These results were validated using two known copolymer blends consisting of either styrene‐isoprene‐styrene or hydrogenated styrene‐butadiene‐styrene and a hydrocarbon tackifying resin as well as an unknown adhesive with styrene‐butadiene‐styrene and an aromatic tackifying resin. The methodology can be readily applied to styrene‐containing polymers in blends such as poly(acrylonitrile‐butadiene styrene).
Ice formation and the risk of chloride toxicity in shallow wetlands and lakes
Authors: Dugan Hilary A. , Helmueller Greta , Magnuson John J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe process of ice formation in shallow waterbodies can increase chloride to toxic levels in waterbodies already impacted by chloride loading from road salt (NaCl deicer) application. Chloride concentrations were measured bi‐weekly in a shallow, urban wetland in Madison, Wisconsin. We found that in this shallow waterbody, ice thickening doubled chloride concentrations from ion exclusion as the water froze. To understand the role of ice formation and ion exclusion, we constructed a numerical model to predict chloride concentrations beneath the ice resulting from ion exclusion. Where chloride levels already are elevated above background and flushing rates are low, ice thickening can push concentrations well above toxicity thresholds for much of the winter. The compounding effects of road salt runoff and ice formation should be considered in the management of water quality and ecosystem health in shallow urban water bodies or waterbodies receiving road salt runoff from nearby roadways.
Do you want to talk about it? When word of mouth alleviates the psychological discomfort of self‐threat
Authors: Thomas Veronica L. , Saenger Christina , Bock Dora E. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWhen consumers experience a self‐threat due to receiving negative information that calls the positivity of their self‐concept into question, psychological discomfort ensues, motivating consumers to seek a resolution. This research examines how consumers use word of mouth to overcome this discomfort and cope with a self‐threat. The psychological discomfort associated with a self‐threat generally influences consumers to refrain from spreading word of mouth in order to avoid the potential for further negative evaluations. However, a self‐threat can encourage the spread of word of mouth if consumers perceive a brand as possessing attributes positively associated with the threatened aspect of the self, signaling sufficiency in the threat domain. Furthermore, this research demonstrates that spreading word of mouth about a brand that signals sufficiency in the threat domain is an effective coping tactic that alleviates the psychological discomfort caused by the self‐threat. Overall, the present research deepens the current understanding of the relationships among self‐threat, symbolic brands, and word of mouth by revealing that a brand's symbolic associations shape the effect of the self‐threat on word of mouth.
Catenane Crosslinked Mechanically Adaptive Polymer Gel
Authors: Xing Hao , Li Zhengtao , Wu Zi Liang , Huang Feihe 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA new strategy is introduced to prepare an adaptive polymer gel that has a unique adaptability in response to environmental stimuli. This gel is prepared by the thiol‐ene “click” reaction between a bisvinyl [2]catenane and a poly(ethylene glycol) derivative containing multiple thiol groups. The catenane crosslinker is responsive to external stimuli due to the existence of intercomponent hydrogen bonding (IHB). The strong IHB restricts the rotation and movement of the crosslinker, giving it a rigid feature; however, the crosslinker becomes flexible when the IHB is destroyed. In consequence, the resulting gel can be reversibly switched between tough and soft states under stimulations.
Physician‐ and self‐assessed myasthenia gravis activities of daily living score
Authors: Lee Hye Lim , Min Ju‐Hong , Seok Jin Myoung , Cho Eun Bin , Cho Hye Jin , Kim Yong‐Dae , Kim Byoung Joon 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe Myasthenia Gravis—Activities of Daily Living (MG‐ADL) profile scale is a simple‐to‐use instrument. We aimed to validate this scale in the Korean language and compare physician‐ and self‐assessed MG‐ADL scores (pMG‐ADL‐K and sMG‐ADL‐K).MethodspMG‐ADL‐K and sMG‐ADL‐K and MG Composite (MGC) scores were obtained from patients. The correlation between pMG‐ADL‐K and MGC and the relationship between the pMG‐ADL‐K and sMG‐ADL‐K were assessed using the Cronbach α and the Spearman coefficient. By intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), the reliability of each sub‐item of pMG‐ADL‐K and sMG‐ADL‐K was evaluated.ResultsWe included data from 40 patients. The pMG‐ADL‐K score showed a strong correlation with the MGC score (rho = 0.80, P < 0.01). The Cronbach α was 0.98 between pMG‐ADL‐K and sMG‐ADL‐K, and sub‐items showed good consistency (ICC 0.684–0.985, P < 0.001).DiscussionThe MG‐ADL‐K is a valid tool and the sMG‐ADL‐K shows excellent correlation with pMG‐ADL‐K. Both the pMG‐ADL‐K and sMG‐ADL‐K can be used to measure MG severity. Muscle Nerve 57: 419–422, 2018
Numerical solution of Lyapunov equations related to Markov jump linear systems
Authors: Damm Tobias , Sato Kazuhiro , Vierling Axel 
Published: August 2017

SummaryWe suggest and compare different methods for the numerical solution of Lyapunov‐like equations with application to control of Markovian jump linear systems. First, we consider fixed‐point iterations and associated Krylov subspace formulations. Second, we reformulate the equation as an optimization problem and consider steepest descent, conjugate gradient, and trust‐region methods. Numerical experiments illustrate that, for large‐scale problems, the trust‐region method is more efficient than a direct solution or a standard solver for linear matrix inequalities. The fixed‐point approach, however, is superior to the optimization methods. As an application, we consider a networked control system, where the Markov jumps are induced by the wireless communication protocol.
Single‐particle cryo‐EM—Improved ab initio 3D reconstruction with SIMPLE/PRIME
Authors: Reboul Cyril F. , Eager Michael , Elmlund Dominika , Elmlund Hans 
Published: August 2017

AbstractCryogenic electron microscopy (cryo‐EM) and single‐particle analysis now enables the determination of high‐resolution structures of macromolecular assemblies that have resisted X‐ray crystallography and other approaches. We developed the SIMPLE open‐source image‐processing suite for analysing cryo‐EM images of single‐particles. A core component of SIMPLE is the probabilistic PRIME algorithm for identifying clusters of images in 2D and determine relative orientations of single‐particle projections in 3D. Here, we extend our previous work on PRIME and introduce new stochastic optimization algorithms that improve the robustness of the approach. Our refined method for identification of homogeneous subsets of images in accurate register substantially improves the resolution of the cluster centers and of the ab initio 3D reconstructions derived from them. We now obtain maps with a resolution better than 10 Å by exclusively processing cluster centers. Excellent parallel code performance on over‐the‐counter laptops and CPU workstations is demonstrated.
Metal cation controls phosphate release in the myosin ATPase
Authors: Ge Jinghua , Huang Furong , Nesmelov Yuri E. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMyosin is an enzyme that utilizes ATP to produce a conformational change generating a force. The kinetics of the myosin reverse recovery stroke depends on the metal cation complexed with ATP. The reverse recovery stroke is slow for MgATP and fast for MnATP. The metal ion coordinates the γ phosphate of ATP in the myosin active site. It is accepted that the reverse recovery stroke is correlated with the phosphate release; therefore, magnesium “holds” phosphate tighter than manganese. Magnesium and manganese are similar ions in terms of their chemical properties and the shell complexation; hence, we propose to use these ions to study the mechanism of the phosphate release. Analysis of octahedral complexes of magnesium and manganese show that the partial charge of magnesium is higher than that of manganese and the slightly larger size of manganese ion makes its ionic potential smaller. We hypothesize that electrostatics play a role in keeping and releasing the abstracted γ phosphate in the active site, and the stronger electric charge of magnesium ion holds γ phosphate tighter. We used stable myosin–nucleotide analog complex and Raman spectroscopy to examine the effect of the metal cation on the relative position of γ phosphate analog in the active site. We found that in the manganese complex, the γ phosphate analog is 0.01 nm further away from ADP than in the magnesium complex. We conclude that the ionic potential of the metal cation plays a role in the retention of the abstracted phosphate.
Navigation of carlike robots in an extended dynamic environment with swarm avoidance
Authors: Sharma B. N. , Raj J. , Vanualailai J. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryIn this paper, we propose a new solution to the motion planning and control problem for a team of carlike mobile robots traversing in an extended dynamic environment. Motivated by the emerging necessity to avoid or defend against a swarm of autonomous robots, the wide array of obstacles in this dynamic environment for the first time includes a swarm of boids governed separately by a system of ordinary differential equations. The swarm exhibits collective emergent behaviors, whereas the carlike mobile robots safely navigate to designated targets. We present a set of nonlinear continuous controllers for obstacle, collision, and swarm avoidance. The controllers provide a collision‐free trajectory within a constrained workspace cluttered with various fixed and moving obstacles while satisfying the nonholonomic and kinodynamic constraints associated with the vehicular robotic system. An advantage of the proposed method is the ease in deriving the acceleration‐based control laws from the Lyapunov‐based control scheme. The effectiveness of the control laws is demonstrated via computer simulations. The novelty of this paper lies in the simplicity of the controllers and the ease in the treatment of an extended dynamic environment, which includes swarm avoidance.
Predictive control for networked systems affected by correlated packet loss
Authors: Peters Edwin G.W. , Marelli Damian , Quevedo Daniel E. , Fu Minyue 
Published: August 2017

SummaryIn this paper, we consider the predictive control problem of designing receding horizon controllers for networked linear systems subject to random packet loss in the controller to actuator link. The packet dropouts are temporarily correlated in the sense that they obey a Markovian transition model. Our design task is to solve the optimal controller that minimizes a given receding horizon cost function, using the available packet loss history. Due to the correlated nature of the packet loss, standard linear quadratic regulator methods do not apply. We first present the optimal control law by considering the correlations. This controller turns out to depend on the packet loss history and would typically require a large lookup table for implementation when the Markovian order is high. To address this issue, we present and compare several suboptimal design approaches to reduce the number of control laws.
Fingerprinting source contributions to bed sediment‐associated organic matter in the headwater subcatchments of the River Itchen SAC, Hampshire, UK
Authors: Zhang Y. , Collins A.L. , McMillan S. , Dixon E.R. , Cancer‐Berroya E. , Poiret C. , Stringfellow A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractExcessive accumulation of sediment‐associated organic matter in river beds has detrimental impacts on aquatic ecology, including fish. Sediment and source samples were collected from 3 headwater tributaries of the River Itchen, in southern England. Near infrared spectra and bulk stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes were employed as fingerprint properties to quantify the relative contributions from catchment‐based (farmyard manures/slurries, damaged road verges, and septic tanks) and channel‐based (decaying instream vegetation, watercress farms, and fish farms) sources. The findings suggested that over the duration of the sampling period, the final estimated median relative contributions in the Candover Stream subcatchment were in the order: farmyard measures/slurries 74% > decaying instream vegetation 15% > watercress farms 6% > septic tanks 3% > damaged road verges 2%. For the River Arle subcatchment, corresponding estimated median relative contributions were in the order: watercress farms 40% > farmyard manures/slurries 28% > decaying instream vegetation 21% > fish farms 7% > damaged road verges and septic tanks 2% each. Similar contributions were estimated for the Tichborne Stream subcatchment: watercress farms 36% > farmyard manures/slurries 26% > decaying instream vegetation 26% and damaged road verges and septic tanks at 6% each. These source apportionment estimates will contribute to stakeholder engagement and targeted management interventions.
Joint Bayesian weight and height postnatal growth model to study the effects of maternal smoking during pregnancy
Authors: Carles Sophie , Charles Marie‐Aline , Heude Barbara , Ahmed Ismaïl , Botton Jérémie ,   the EDEN mother‐child study group
Published: August 2017

Growth models used for describing the dynamics of body weight and height generally consider each trait independently. We proposed modeling height and weight trajectories jointly with a nonlinear heteroscedastic mixed model based on the Jenss‐Bayley growth function with correlated individual random effects and using Bayesian inference techniques. Simulations showed that our model provides good estimates of the growth parameters. We illustrated how it can be used to assess the associations between maternal smoking during pregnancy, an early‐life factor potentially involved in prenatal programming of obesity, and children's growth from birth to 5 years of age. We used real data from the EDEN study, a large French mother‐child cohort study with a high number of height and weight measurements (a total of approximately 30 000 measurements for each of the 2 traits across the 1666 children). Our results supported the existence of a relationship between maternal smoking during pregnancy and growth from birth to 5 years of age. Children from mothers who smoked throughout pregnancy were shown to display a higher body mass index from the first few months of life onwards compared to children from nonsmokers. At 5 years of age, their mean body mass index was 0.21 kg/m2 higher than unexposed children. It was mainly explained by the fact that these children tended to be smaller at birth but rapidly exceeded the weight of children from nonsmokers postnatally.
Decomposition of UML activity diagrams
Authors: Chen Huifeng , Jiang Jian‐min , Hong Zhong , Lin Ling 
Published: August 2017

SummaryIn software engineering, UML activity diagrams in general can be useful for a modeling system functional behavior, ranging from the sequences of activities/actions from business processes within an organization or among organizations down to the detail of an algorithm. The stepwise refinement process makes activity diagrams more and more complex. To guarantee the behavior consistency and correctness under refinement, the activity diagrams must be decomposed according to the divide‐and‐conquer strategy. Traditional decomposition methods adopt manual techniques and cannot ensure the independence and completeness of the obtained subdiagrams. In this paper, a novel decomposition approach is proposed, which can automatically divide an activity diagram into atomic and correct subdiagrams (subdiagrams without abnormal behavioral problems) at the same level. When such an activity diagram specifies the whole functional behavior of a software system, the approach can in fact decompose a system into multiple atomic subsystems. Every atomic subsystem is a completely independent system. It may be independently developed, independently tested, and independently deployed. The method facilitates the management, development, and maintenance of a software system. With the help of a prototype tool, a case study demonstrates the decomposition method.
Ouabain impairs cell migration, and invasion and alters gene expression of human osteosarcoma U‐2 OS cells
Authors: Shih Yung‐Luen , Au Man‐Kuan , Liu Ko‐Lin , Yeh Ming‐Yang , Lee Ching‐Hsiao , Lee Mei‐Hui , Lu Hsu‐Feng , Yang Jiun‐Long , Wu Rick Sai‐Chuen , Chung Jing‐Gung 
Published: August 2017

AbstractOuabain, the specific Na+/K+‐ATPase blocker, has biological activity including anti‐proliferative and anti‐metastasis effects in cancer cell. There is no study to show ouabain inhibiting cell migration and invasion in human osteosarcoma U‐2 OS cells. Thus, we investigated the effect of ouabain on the cell migration and invasion of human osteosarcoma U‐2 OS cells. Results indicated that ouabain significantly decreased the percentage of viable cells at 2.5‐5.0 μM, thus, we selected 0.25‐1.0 μM for inhibiting studies. Ouabain inhibited cell migration, invasion and the enzymatic activities of MMP‐2, and also affected the expression of metastasis‐associated protein in U‐2 OS cells. The cDNA microarray assay indicated that CDH1, TGFBR3, SHC3 and MAP2K6 metastasis‐related genes were increased, but CCND1, JUN, CDKN1A, TGFB1, 2 and 3, SMAD4, MMP13, MMP2 and FN1 genes were decreased. These findings provide more information regarding ouabain inhibited cell migration and invasion and associated gene expressions in U‐2 OS cells after exposed to ouabain.
Cover Image, Volume 7, Issue 5
Authors: Duster Adam W. , Wang Chun‐Hung , Garza Christina M. , Miller Danielle E. , Lin Hai 
Published: August 2017

The cover image, by Adam W. Duster et al., is based on the Advanced Review Adaptive quantum/molecular mechanics: what have we learned, where are we, and where do we go from here?, DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1310.
image
Stationary Oldroyd model with diffusive stress in thin pipes
Authors: Chupin Laurent , Ichim Andrei , Martin Sébastien 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to study the stationary flow of an Oldroyd fluid with particular diffusive stress, flowing through a thin 3D pipe. An asymptotic expansion with respect to a small parameter describing the ratio between the diameter of the cross section and the length is calculated and rigorously justified. The result obtained is compared against a numerical solution in the particular case of axisymmetric geometries.
The Significance of Upfront Knowledge of N2 Disease in Non‐small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Thomas Daniel C. , Arnold Brian N. , Rosen Joshua E. , Salazar Michelle C. , Detterbeck Frank C. , Blasberg Justin D. , Boffa Daniel J. , Kim Anthony W. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundPrevious literature suggests that patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and unsuspected N2 disease (cN0, pN2) represent a distinct subgroup associated with improved overall survival compared to patients with N2 disease identified prior to resection (cN2, pN2).MethodsRetrospective analysis of the National Cancer Database of patients from 2004 to 2011 with cN0 and cN2 status found to be pathologic stage III‐N2 NSCLC after surgical resection. Comparison of 5‐year survival of patients with unsuspected N2 disease versus those with known N2 disease after surgical resection using Kaplan–Meier analysis was made. The independent effect of unsuspected N2 disease on mortality was analyzed using multivariate analysis.ResultsA total of 3271 patients with pathologic stage III‐N2 NSCLC underwent curative intent surgical resection with or without adjuvant chemotherapy or chemotherapy and radiation. Unsuspected N2 disease was identified in 48% of patients. Patients with unsuspected N2 disease were more likely to have T1 tumors (37 vs. 32%, p < 0.001). Unsuspected N2 disease did not impact 5‐year overall survival compared with known N2 when adjuvant therapy was utilized (40 vs. 37%, p = 0.167). Multivariate analysis identified older age, higher comorbidity score, and treatment with surgery alone as independent risk factors for mortality. The presence of unsuspected N2 disease was not significant in this model.ConclusionsThe findings of this study suggest that unsuspected N2 disease is associated with equivalent 5‐year survival compared to cN2 disease when adjuvant therapy is employed. These results support the use of adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy when confronted with unsuspected N2 disease after surgical resection for stage IIIA‐NSCLC.
Captain Wiggins and Admiral Makarov: commerce and politics in the Russian Arctic (1874–1904)
Authors: Saunders David 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTThis paper discusses the motives underlying two approaches to the development of the Russian Arctic in the late nineteenth century. The first, the brainchild of the British merchant seaman Joseph Wiggins (1832–1905), derived principally from private commercial instincts. The second, the work of Sergei Witte (1849–1915), Russia's Minister of Finance, and the innovative Russian Admiral Stepan Osipovich Makarov (1848–1904), had much less to do with trade and much more to do with projecting Russian national ambitions. The first required no great technological insight, but the second required the construction of the greatest of nineteenth century icebreakers. Although both approaches, the commercial and the political, the ‘low tech’ and the ‘high tech’, failed in the short term, both made a mark on subsequent developments. The paper concludes that although, at the time of their conception, political and diplomatic considerations made it unlikely that commercial and political approaches to the development of the Russian Arctic could be harmonised, the time for dovetailing them may be getting nearer.