bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Full‐scale identification by use of self‐oscillations for overactuated marine surface vehicles
Authors: Mišković Nikola , Nađ Ðula , Vukić Zoran 
Published: August 2016

SummaryController tuning and state estimation both benefit from knowledge about the dynamic parameters of the marine vessel. However, identifying these parameters can be a daunting task requiring precise open‐loop measurements or collection of many output data samples induced by persistently exciting inputs. Performing these experiments in real‐life conditions, every time payload of the vehicle changes, can be troublesome. Additional problems appear if the vessel is overactuated. This paper focuses on thruster modelling, actuator allocation and dynamic model identification for an overactuated marine vehicle. Firstly, we demonstrate a practical approach to mapping thrusters of an overactuated marine vehicle that in practice can generate different thrusts at identical inputs. Secondly, we address the issue of inverse actuator allocation for an overactuated surface marine platform and demonstrate a daisy‐chain approach for achieving proper thrust distribution during simultaneous motion in all controllable degrees of freedom (DoF). Finally, we describe the application of a robust identification by use of self‐oscillations (IS‐O) method to identify actuated DoF. While previous work focused on using IS‐O for identifying yaw DoF of a rudder‐actuated autonomous catamaran and thruster‐actuated micro‐remotely operated underwater vehicle, in this paper, we extend the approach to identifying surge and sway DoF. This closed‐loop identification procedure requires one experiment with four to five oscillations to completely identify inertial and nonlinear drag parameters of a marine vessel. Surge, sway and yaw DoFs of an overactuated autonomous surface marine vehicle PlaDyPos (developed at the Laboratory for Underwater Systems and Technologies) were identified using the IS‐O method during sea trials in real‐life conditions. Multiple experiments with varying initial settings were performed showing reproducibility of the identification procedure. Comparison of the results with the ordinary least squares identification procedure shows that root mean square error increase is negligible, especially if simplicity (explicit formulae for calculation of unknown parameters) and time parsimony of the IS‐O method are taken into account. © 2016 The Authors. International Journal of Adaptive Control and Signal Processing Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Method for Characterization of Solvents for Physical Absorption Processes
Authors: Deschermeier Regina , Rehfeldt Sebastian , Klein Harald 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA method for solvent screening and searching for additives in the field of physical absorption processes is presented. A model based on the concept of virtual components and on the concept of a simplified abstract flow sheet is created. An estimation procedure for thermodynamically consistent property sets for the virtual component is developed. The model is implemented into MATLAB®. Its application is demonstrated in two studies including a study for a solvent additive. Potential candidates can be characterized and ranges for properties of the solvent or additive are found by means of the model. Conclusions obtained from the model support the screening process by a reduction of the number of further investigated components.
Nodular fasciitis: A frequent diagnostic pitfall on fine‐needle aspiration
Authors: Allison Derek B. , Wakely Paul E. , Siddiqui Momin T. , Ali Syed Z. 
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUNDNodular fasciitis (NF) is a benign, self‐limited, fibroblastic/myofibroblastic proliferation that is diagnostically challenging, often mimicking a malignant process due to its rapid growth clinically and its high cellularity, mitotic activity, and variable/nonspecific cytomorphologic findings. Herein, the authors report what to their knowledge is the largest and first multi‐institutional study of the cytomorphologic characteristics of NF by fine‐needle aspiration (FNA).METHODSThe pathology archives at The Johns Hopkins Hospital, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, and Emory University Hospital were searched for soft tissue FNA cytology specimens of masses confirmed to be NF. The clinical history, actual FNA diagnosis, and cytomorphologic features were recorded by the authors.RESULTSA total of 34 patients were identified, 33 of which had material available for review. The mean age of the patients was 40 years (range, 1‐80 years); 18 patients (52.9%) were male. The mean duration of symptoms was 3.75 months. Four cases (11.8%) and 2 cases (5.9%) were signed out as NF and “malignant neoplasm, NOS [not otherwise specified],” respectively. On average, cases were hypercellular (mean, 3.27/4). Thirty cases (90.9%) contained spindled morphology, whereas 30 cases (90.9%) and 28 cases (84.4%) contained cells with unipolar and curved cytoplasmic tails, respectively. Eccentric, ovoid, and spindled/elongated nuclei were observed in 31 cases (93.9%), 30 cases (90.9%), and 29 cases (87.9%), respectively. Nineteen cases (57.6%) lacked atypia.CONCLUSIONSIn the current study, the diagnosis of NF was suggested in nearly 40% of cases. Combining the clinical presentation with the most commonly described cytomorphologic features will appropriately triage the majority of cases, although uncertainty will remain in a significant number of cases. Cancer Cytopathol 2017;125:20‐29. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Creation of an idealized nasopharynx geometry for accurate computational fluid dynamics simulations of nasal airflow in patient‐specific models lacking the nasopharynx anatomy
Authors: A.T. Borojeni Azadeh , Frank‐Ito Dennis O. , Kimbell Julia S. , Rhee John S. , Garcia Guilherme J.M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractVirtual surgery planning based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations has the potential to improve surgical outcomes for nasal airway obstruction patients, but the benefits of virtual surgery planning must outweigh the risks of radiation exposure. Cone beam computed tomography (CT) scans represent an attractive imaging modality for virtual surgery planning due to lower costs and lower radiation exposures compared with conventional CT scans. However, to minimize the radiation exposure, the cone beam CT sinusitis protocol sometimes images only the nasal cavity, excluding the nasopharynx. The goal of this study was to develop an idealized nasopharynx geometry for accurate representation of outlet boundary conditions when the nasopharynx geometry is unavailable. Anatomically accurate models of the nasopharynx created from 30 CT scans were intersected with planes rotated at different angles to obtain an average geometry. Cross sections of the idealized nasopharynx were approximated as ellipses with cross‐sectional areas and aspect ratios equal to the average in the actual patient‐specific models. CFD simulations were performed to investigate whether nasal airflow patterns were affected when the CT‐based nasopharynx was replaced by the idealized nasopharynx in 10 nasal airway obstruction patients. Despite the simple form of the idealized geometry, all biophysical variables (nasal resistance, airflow rate, and heat fluxes) were very similar in the idealized vs patient‐specific models. The results confirmed the expectation that the nasopharynx geometry has a minimal effect in the nasal airflow patterns during inspiration. The idealized nasopharynx geometry will be useful in future CFD studies of nasal airflow based on medical images that exclude the nasopharynx.
Local adaptation to temperature in populations and clonal lineages of the Irish potato famine pathogenPhytophthora infestans
Authors: Mariette Nicolas , Androdias Annabelle , Mabon Romain , Corbière Roselyne , Marquer Bruno , Montarry Josselin , Andrivon Didier 
Published: August 2016

AbstractEnvironmental factors such as temperature strongly impact microbial communities. In the current context of global warming, it is therefore crucial to understand the effects of these factors on human, animal, or plant pathogens. Here, we used a common‐garden experiment to analyze the thermal responses of three life‐history traits (latent period, lesion growth, spore number) in isolates of the potato late blight pathogenPhytophthora infestansfrom different climatic zones. We also used a fitness index (FI) aggregating these traits into a single parameter. The experiments revealed patterns of local adaptation to temperature for several traits and for theFI, both between populations and within clonal lineages. Local adaptation to temperature could result from selection for increased survival between epidemics, when isolates are exposed to more extreme climatic conditions than during epidemics. We also showed different thermal responses among two clonal lineages sympatric in western Europe, with lower performances of lineage 13_A2 compared to 6_A1, especially at low temperatures. These data therefore stress the importance of thermal adaptation in a widespread, invasive pathogen, where adaptation is usually considered almost exclusively with respect to host plants. This must now be taken into account to explain, and possibly predict, the global distribution of specific lineages and their epidemic potential.
Au Nanospikes as a Non‐enzymatic Glucose Sensor: Exploring Morphological Changes with the Elaborated Chronoamperometric Method
Authors: Coyle Victoria E. , Kandjani Ahmad Esmaielzadeh , Sabri Ylias M. , Bhargava Suresh K. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThere is a continuous increasing demand for more sensitive and selective non‐enzymatic glucose sensor applications ranging from medical diagnostics to food quality assurance. Here, we deposited gold nanostructures (referred to as Au nanospikes) on Au thin‐film substrates under different electrodeposition conditions in order to determine the optimal growth parameters to obtain an enhanced glucose sensor. A modified chronoamperometric technique was employed to determine the glucose electrooxidation and sensing capabilities of the developed Au nanospikes toward 20 µM—10 mM glucose concentrations. The sensing method used here allowed for accurate determination of glucose concentrations whilst providing reproducible and stable response profiles. The sensor produced a low detection limit of 20 µM, a very high sensitivity of 201 µA mM−1 ⋅ cm−2 compared to 16.19 µA mM−1 ⋅ cm−2 for the unmodified Au substrate. The sensor also showed good selectivity when analysed against common physiological contaminants that usually interfere with conventional sensors.
Sealant behavior of gasketed segmental tunnel lining – Conceptual model
Authors: Shalabi Faisal I. , Cording Edward J. , Paul Stanley L. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractGasket sealant behavior along joints of concrete tunnel lining depends on gasket‐gasket and gasket‐groove contact loads, bonding between gasket and groove, and gasket lateral extrusion. As the gaskets are made of polymers, gasket contact loads are expected to drop with time due to relaxation. Reduction in the contact load with time is expected to affect the gasket sealant capacity. Gasket‐gasket contact loads depend on many factors such as: stiffness of the gasket material, gasket shape and volume, groove size and configuration, gasket base configuration, and the amount of gasket compression. In this work, the mechanical and sealant behavior of gaskets in grooves were investigated. Two types of gaskets were considered: open base gasket for low design water pressure (less than 600 kPa), and closed base gasket for high water pressure (up to 4###, 000 kPa). The work focused on gasket‐in‐groove load deformation behavior and gasket sealant potential including the effect of gasket contact loads, relaxation, extrusion, and the change in joint gap during water pressurization. The effect of gasket base conditions (fingers base vs. closed base) on the gasket sealant behavior was also considered in this work. A conceptual model was developed that explains the leakage of the gasket as water pressure is applied.
Asia Transition Box and Conventionally Excavated Twin Tunnels for the Istanbul Strait Road Crossing Project
Authors: Gokce Hasan Burak , Demir Korhan , Bakir Aydın , Aribilginc Tamer , Arioglu Ergin 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe 14.6 km long Istanbul Strait Road Crossing Project is a safe, quick and environmentally responsible alternative road link between Asia and Europe, as such it is being constructed under a Build‐Operate‐Transfer contract by a public‐private partnership. The investor/contractor has committed to build the Project in 55 months and to operate the facility for a concession period of approximately 25 years. This article examines the project's two critical structures located in the Asian side of Istanbul, considering site investigation, construction and monitoring. The first structure is a cut and cover construction next to the Bosphorus, called the Asia Transition Box (ATB), which enabled the launching of the TBM and conventional tunnels. The second is the conventionally excavated twin tunnels (CETT), which pass under a highly urbanized part of Istanbul and provide the transition from the highway into the tunnel under the Bosphorus.
An Improvement to the Waterfront Advance–Time Relation for Irrigation Borders
Authors: Parhi Prabeer Kumar 
Published: August 2016

AbstractUsing the Kostiakov, modified Kostiakov and improved modified Kostiakov infiltration models, three alternate solutions of the Philip and Farrel equation are suggested for the determination of waterfront advance–time relations for irrigation borders. To test the solutions with field data of waterfront advance–time relations, each accumulated infiltration–time relation was used in the Philip and Farrel equation and the waterfront advance–time relation was determined using six observed data sets on irrigation borders. The results show that the improved modified Kostiakov model performed best in prediction of accumulated infiltration time as well as the waterfront advance–time relation as compared with the modified Kostiakov and Kostiakov infiltration model. Also, the modified Kostiakov infiltration model performed better in prediction of the infiltration and advance–time relation as compared to Kostiakov. Hence this paper suggests the use of the improved modified Kostiakov infiltration model in the Philip and Farrel equation with the help of computer programs to determine the waterfront advance–time relation in irrigation borders most accurately, as compared to the modified Kostiakov and Kostiakov infiltration models. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alternative modelling approaches for the ENSO time series: persistence and seasonality
Authors: Gil‐Alana Luis A. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTIn this article, we presented a variety of modelling approaches for the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) time series data trying to capture two features that are present in the data, in particular the persistence and the seasonal structure. For this purpose, we use long memory models based on fractional integration. The results indicate that the four ENSO series examined (El Niño 1–2; El Niño 3, El Niño 4 and El Niño 3.4) can be described in terms of a seasonal I(d) model with an order of integration higher than 0 and smaller than 1 in all four cases. The lowest degree of persistence is found in the series corresponding to El Niño 1.2, with an order of seasonal integration of 0.39. This seasonal fractional differencing parameter, however, is found to be higher than 0.5 (and thus non‐stationary) for the remaining three series.
Climate change scenarios of convective and large‐scale precipitation in the Czech Republic based on EURO‐CORDEX data
Authors: Rulfová Zuzana , Beranová Romana , Kyselý Jan 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTThere is growing evidence that the hydrological cycle is affected by climate change. Many studies have dealt with evaluation of precipitation characteristics in regional climate models (RCMs) and their projected changes. However, little attention has been given to possible differences between scenarios of convective and stratiform precipitation and changes in their proportions on total amounts, although climate models simulate convective (subgrid) and stratiform (large‐scale) precipitation separately through deep (precipitating) convection and large‐scale precipitation parameterizations. In this study, we analyse outputs of four RCMs (CCLM, HIRHAM, RACMO2, and RCA4) from the EURO‐CORDEX project. The RCM simulations for 1989–2008 driven by ERA‐Interim reanalysis with two horizontal resolutions (0.44° and 0.11°) are evaluated against observed data in Central Europe, and projected changes of precipitation characteristics (2071–2100 vs 1971–2000) simulated by the RCMs with 0.11° horizontal resolution driven by the EC‐EARTH global climate model are then examined. We find that mean convective and large‐scale precipitation amounts tend to increase in all seasons except summer when large‐scale precipitation amounts decrease. Extreme precipitation is projected to increase in the late 21st century time slice for both convective and large‐scale precipitation. The changes of precipitation characteristics are more pronounced in simulations driven by the RCP8.5 scenario, with a larger increase of temperature, and these changes are larger for precipitation with higher intensity. Increasing proportion of convective precipitation in summer and generally increasing intensity of precipitation may have important consequences, e.g. for soil erosion, replenishment of soil moisture, and occurrence of flash floods and droughts.
Universal meshes for smooth surfaces with no boundary in three dimensions
Authors: Kabaria Hardik , Lew Adrian J. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryWe introduce a method to mesh the boundary Γ of a smooth, open domain in
immersed in a mesh of tetrahedra. The mesh follows by mapping a specific collection of triangular faces in the mesh to Γ. Two types of surface meshes follow: (a) a mesh that exactly meshes Γ, and (b) meshes that approximate Γ to any order, by interpolating the map over the selected faces; that is, an isoparametric approximation to Γ. The map we use to deform the faces is the closest point projection to Γ. We formulate conditions for the closest point projection to define a homeomorphism between each face and its image. These are conditions on some of the tetrahedra intersected by the boundary, and they essentially state that each such tetrahedron should (a) have a small enough diameter, and (b) have two of its dihedral angles be acute. We provide explicit upper bounds on the mesh size, and these can be computed on the fly.We showcase the quality of the resulting meshes with several numerical examples. More importantly, all surfaces in these examples were meshed with a single background mesh. This is an important feature for problems in which the geometry evolves or changes, because it could be possible for the background mesh to never change as the geometry does. In this case, the background mesh would be a universal mesh for all these geometries. We expect the method introduced here to be the basis for the construction of universal meshes for domains in three dimensions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coupled FE–BE method for eigenvalue analysis of elastic structures submerged in an infinite fluid domain
Authors: Zheng C. J. , Zhang C. , Bi C. X. , Gao H. F. , Du L. , Chen H. B. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryFor thin elastic structures submerged in heavy fluid, e.g., water, a strong interaction between the structural domain and the fluid domain occurs and significantly alters the eigenfrequencies. Therefore, the eigenanalysis of the fluid–structure interaction system is necessary. In this paper, a coupled finite element and boundary element (FE–BE) method is developed for the numerical eigenanalysis of the fluid–structure interaction problems. The structure is modeled by the finite element method. The compressibility of the fluid is taken into consideration, and hence the Helmholtz equation is employed as the governing equation and solved by the boundary element method (BEM). The resulting nonlinear eigenvalue problem is converted into a small linear one by applying a contour integral method. Adequate modifications are suggested to improve the efficiency of the contour integral method and avoid missing the eigenvalues of interest. The Burton–Miller formulation is applied to tackle the fictitious eigenfrequency problem of the BEM, and the optimal choice of its coupling parameter is investigated for the coupled FE–BE method. Numerical examples are given and discussed to demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the developed FE–BE method. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Leakage in nasal high‐frequency oscillatory ventilation improves carbon dioxide clearance—A bench study
Authors: Klotz Daniel , Schaefer Christoph , Stavropoulou Dimitra , Fuchs Hans , Schumann Stefan 
Published: August 2016

SummaryObjective: Nasal high frequency oscillatory ventilation (nHFOV) is a promising mode of non‐invasive neonatal respiratory support. To combine the effects of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) and high frequency oscillatory ventilation, an oscillatory pressure waveform is superposed to a nCPAP via a nasal or nasopharyngeal interface. nHFOV has been described to facilitate carbon dioxide (CO2) elimination compared to nCPAP. The influence of unintended leakage on CO2 elimination has not been investigated in nHFOV before. We explored the effects of oral leakage on CO2 elimination during nHFOV in a physical model of the neonatal respiratory system. Methods: A neonatal ventilator was connected to an airway‐ and lung model using binasal prongs as interface. The model comprised a continuous CO2 influx. Alveolar CO2 partial pressure was continuously measured. Gas flow rates and pressures were measured simultaneously at the prongs, pharynx, lung, and at the leakage. Effects of combined nasopharyngeal leakage (0, 5, or 10 L/min) on CO2 elimination, gas flow rate and pressure were determined at various ventilation frequencies (6, 8, 10, and 12 Hz) and amplitudes (10%, 20%, and 30% of maximum ventilator performance) at a mean airway pressure of 10 cmH2O. Results: nHFOV with moderate leakage was more effective in CO2 elimination than without leakage (P < 0.001) for all tested amplitudes and frequencies. Maximum leakage resulted in highly variable, partly ineffective CO2 elimination. Conclusions: A moderate oral leakage rather improves than impairs gas exchange during non‐invasive ventilatory support with nHFOV. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017;52:367–372. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.