bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pregnancy outcomes in women on metformin for diabetes or other indications among those seeking teratology information services
Authors: Panchaud Alice , Rousson Valentin , Vial Thierry , Bernard Nathalie , Baud David , Amar Emmanuelle , De Santis Marco , Pistelli Alessandra , Dautriche Anne , Beau‐Salinas Frederique , Cassina Matteo , Dunstan Hannah , Passier Anneke , Kaplan Yusuf Cem , Duman Mine Kadioglu , Maňáková Eva , Eleftheriou Georgios , Klinger Gil , Winterfeld Ursula , Rothuizen Laura E. , Buclin Thierry , Csajka Chantal , Hernandez‐Diaz Sonia 
Published: December 2017

AimsMetformin is used to treat type 2 diabetes, polycystic ovary syndrome associated infertility, and gestational diabetes. This study aims to evaluate the safety of metformin in early pregnancy.MethodWe evaluated the risk of major birth defects and pregnancy losses in a cohort of pregnant women exposed to metformin during the first trimester for different indications relative to a matched unexposed reference group.ResultsThe risk of major birth defects was 5.1% (20/392) in pregnancies exposed to metformin during the first trimester and 2.1% (9/431) in the reference group [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.70; 95% CI 0.70–4.38]. Among metformin users, this risk was 7.8% (17/219) in patients with pre‐gestational diabetes and 1.7% (3/173) in those without this diagnosis. Compared to the unexposed reference, the OR for metformin user with diabetes was 3.95 (95% CI 1.77–9.41) and for metformin with other indications it was 0.83 (95% CI 0.18–2.81). The risk of pregnancy losses (spontaneous abortions and stillbirths) was 20.8% in women on metformin during the first trimester and 10.8% in the reference group [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.57; 95% CI 0.90–2.74]. The risks for women on metformin with and without pre‐gestational diabetes were 24.0% and 16.8% respectively, with adjusted HR of 2.51 (95% CI 1.44–4.36) and 1.38 (95% CI 0.74–2.59) when compared to the reference.ConclusionPregnant women with pre‐gestational diabetes on metformin are at a higher risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes than the general population. This appears to be due to the underlying diabetes since women on metformin for other indications do not present meaningfully increased risks.
Knockdown of the transcript of ERK in the brain modulates hypothalamic neuropeptide‐mediated appetite control in amphetamine‐treated rats
Authors: Yu Ching‐Han , Hsieh Yih‐Shou , Chen Pei‐Ni , Chen Jeng‐Rung , Kuo Dong‐Yih 
Published: December 2017

Background and PurposeAmphetamine is a releaser of dopamine stored in synaptic terminals, which can suppress appetite by changing the expression levels of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and proopiomelanocortin (POMC) in the hypothalamus. This study explored whether ERKs are involved in appetite control mediated by cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), NPY and POMC in amphetamine‐treated rats.Experimental ApproachRats were given amphetamine for 4 days, and changes in feeding behaviour and expression levels of phosphorylated‐ERK (pERK), pCREB, NPY and melanocortin MC3 receptors were examined and compared.Key ResultsFollowing amphetamine treatment, food intake, body weight and NPY expression decreased, whereas the expression of pERK, pCREB, MC3 receptors and pCREB/DNA binding activity increased. In amphetamine‐treated rats, both cerebral ERK knockdown and pretreatment with a peripheral dopamine receptor antagonist decreased NPY but increased pERK, pCREB and MC3 receptor expression. Moreover, the immunofluorescence of hypothalamic pERK increased following amphetamine treatment.Conclusions and ImplicationsThese results suggest that ERK/CREB signalling participates in the effects mediated by dopamine receptor/NPY/POMC on appetite control in rats treated with amphetamine. These findings advance the knowledge on the involvement of ERK/CREB signalling in the reciprocal regulation by NPY and POMC of appetite after amphetamine treatment.
The role of municipal public policies in oral health socioeconomic inequalities in Brazil: A multilevel study
Authors: Aguiar Violeta Rodrigues , Pattussi Marcos Pascoal , Celeste Roger Keller 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectivesIt is known that fluoridation has a contextual effect on oral health socioeconomic inequalities, but broad public policies have not been investigated. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the effects of municipal public policies on oral health across different social strata.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study with 7328 12‐year‐old children and 5445 15‐19‐year‐old adolescents from 177 Brazilian municipalities. Information at municipal level was collated for dental services, educational services, sanitation and water fluoridation. The main individual‐level exposure was the disposable equivalent household income. The dichotomous outcomes were as follows: untreated dental caries (≥1 tooth), missing teeth (≥1 tooth) and filled teeth (≥1 tooth). Analyses were carried out using multilevel logistic regression. Interaction terms were tested between individual‐level income and policy variables.ResultsThe prevalence of untreated dental caries, missing and filled teeth was 47.0%, 15.1% and 47.5%, respectively. There was no significant interaction between income and policy indicators. Individuals living in municipalities with no water fluoridation had 1.42 (95% CI: 1.08‐1.86) higher odds of having untreated dental caries; the odds ratio (OR) for those in municipalities with less education policies was 1.36 (95% CI: 1.07‐1.73); those in municipalities with less sanitation had OR = 1.05 (95% CI: 0.78‐1.40); and those in municipalities with less dental care had OR = 1.36 (95% CI: 1.02‐1.80).ConclusionsFluoridation and policies about sanitation, education and dental care were similarly associated with oral health in different social strata. Other policies on social and economic fields may be further explored.
Imaging of the lamina cribrosa and its role in glaucoma: a review
Authors: Tan Nicholas YQ , Koh Victor , Girard Michaël JA , Cheng Ching‐Yu 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe lamina cribrosa of the optic nerve head serves two contrasting roles; it must be porous to allow retinal ganglion cell axons to pass through, and yet at the same time, it must also provide adequate structural support to withstand the stresses and strains across it. Improvements in imaging such as optical coherence tomography image capture and image processing have allowed detailed in vivo studies of lamina cribrosa macro‐ and micro‐architectural characteristics. This has aided our understanding of the optic nerve head as a complex biomechanical structure. In this review, we first aim to frame the biomechanical considerations of lamina cribrosa in a clinical context; in doing so, we also explore the concept of the translaminar pressure difference. Second, we aim to highlight the technological advances in imaging the lamina cribrosa and its accompanying clinical implications, and future directions in this quickly progressing field.
Five‐year visual outcome among people with correctable visual impairment: the Liwan Eye Study
Authors: Wang Lanhua , Zhao Yanzhi , Han Xiaotong , Huang Wenyong , Huang Guofu , He Mingguang 
Published: December 2017

AbstractImportanceLongitudinal data on visual outcome of correctable visual impairments (VI) are of paramount importance for decision‐maker to estimate burden and demand to treat avoidable VI.BackgroundTo assess the 5‐year visual outcome among participants with correctable VI and to identify associated risk factors.DesignPopulation‐based longitudinal cohort study.ParticipantsParticipants with correctable VI at baseline attended the 5‐year follow‐up visit of the Liwan Eye Study.MethodsPresenting visual acuity (PVA) with habitual refractive correction was assessed using an Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) chart. Then participants with PVA <6/12 in either eye underwent further non‐cycloplegic subjective refraction to obtain their best‐corrected visual acuity. Correctable VI was defined as having a PVA of <6/12 in the better eye which could be improved to ≥6/12 after refractive correction.Main Outcome MeasuresThe 5‐year visual outcome among participants with correctable VI.ResultsAmong 1405 participants at baseline examination, 188 (13.4%) had correctable VI, of whom 118 (62.8%) were re‐examined at the 5‐year follow‐up, including 39 (33.9%) who progressed to non‐correctable VI, 43 (37.4%) who had persistent correctable VI and 33 (28.7%) who were converted to normal vision. In multivariate logistic regression, compared with participants who were no longer visual impaired, significant risk factors for participants with persistent VI were older, had income <1000 RMB/month, and more myopia spherical equivalent.Conclusions and RelevanceOver two of three participants with correctable VI remained to have VI after 5 years, among whom 50% are correctable by spectacles, highlighting the need to improve the refractive care accessibility to treat avoidable VI in China.
“I did not know there was another life”: Meanings of life in the out‐of‐home Mothers Unit reunification programme
Authors: Tener Dafna , Sorek Yoa , Schwartz Ella 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe Mothers Unit is a reunification and treatment programme in a welfare emergency centre in Israel. The unit is the only one in Israel offering joint residence for mothers at risk of abusing or neglecting their children. The unit provides an alternative to out‐of‐home care for young children suffering from maltreatment in order to enable them and their mothers to return to the community together at the end of the treatment. The current qualitative study examines the lived experiences of the women and their children from the subjective perspective of the women currently or previously involved in the programme and of the professionals working with them. Thematic analysis of 36 in‐person semi‐structured interviews reveals the multiple meanings they attribute to life in the Mothers Unit and its perceived effects on their children and themselves.
Surface characterization of titanium implant healing abutments before and after placement
Authors: Wheelis Sutton E. , Wilson Thomas G. , Valderrama Pilar , Rodrigues Danieli C. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundImplant healing abutments (IHA) have a vital role in soft tissue healing after implant placement. Although there is thorough investigation on the implant surface, little is known about the effects potentially damaging oral conditions impose on healing abutments.PurposeTo characterize the surface of titanium healing abutments before and after clinical placement to understand the effects of the oral environment and time on the device surface.Materials and MethodsTen regular Straumann IHA were subjected to characterization pre and postplacement to elucidate the effects of the oral environment on device surfaces. Changes in surface crystallinity, morphology, and elemental composition were monitored with Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, optical microscopy, and x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. In addition, corrosion rate and polarization resistance were obtained to assess electrochemical device stability after placement.ResultsControl analysis indicated the titanium oxide of IHAs was thicker than natural commercially pure titanium and had the structure of crystalline anatase. After removal, the abutments possessed large amounts of biological debris, visible scratches, and discoloration sparsely on the surface. Spectroscopic analysis revealed the titanium oxide on the surface of IHAs was structurally unchanged, with crystalline titanium dioxide still present on the surface. Electrochemical results revealed that implanted healing abutments possessed a significantly higher corrosion rate than controls (change in corrosion rate = 2.34 ± 0.58 nm/year).ConclusionsHealing abutments were stable in the oral environment due to the chemical stability of the oxide, and were likely subjected to abrasions from unintentional loading and oral hygiene techniques.
Finasteride inhibited brain dopaminergic system and open‐field behaviors in adolescent male rats
Authors: Li Li , Kang Yun‐Xiao , Ji Xiao‐Ming , Li Ying‐Kun , Li Shuang‐Cheng , Zhang Xiang‐Jian , Cui Hui‐Xian , Shi Ge‐Ming 
Published: December 2017

SummaryAimsFinasteride inhibits the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone. Because androgen regulates dopaminergic system in the brain, it could be hypothesized that finasteride may inhibit dopaminergic system. The present study therefore investigates the effects of finasteride in adolescent and early developmental rats on dopaminergic system, including contents of dopamine and its metabolites (dihydroxy phenyl acetic acid and homovanillic acid) and tyrosine hydroxylase expressions both at gene and protein levels. Meanwhile, open‐field behaviors of the rats are examined because of the regulatory effect of dopaminergic system on the behaviors.MethodsOpen‐field behaviors were evaluated by exploratory and motor behaviors. Dopamine and its metabolites were assayed by liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA and protein expressions were determined by real‐time qRT‐PCR and western blot, respectively.ResultsIt was found that in adolescent male rats, administration of finasteride at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg for 14 days dose dependently inhibited open‐field behaviors, reduced contents of dopamine and its metabolites in frontal cortex, hippocampus, caudate putamen, nucleus accumbens, and down‐regulated tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA and protein expressions in substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area. However, there was no significant change of these parameters in early developmental rats after finasteride treatment.ConclusionThese results suggest that finasteride inhibits dopaminergic system and open‐field behaviors in adolescent male rats by inhibiting the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone, and imply finasteride as a potential therapeutic option for neuropsychiatric disorders associated with hyperactivities of dopaminergic system and androgen.
Quick Response in Supply Chains with Stochastically Risk Sensitive Retailers*
Authors: Choi Tsan‐Ming , Zhang Juzhi , Cheng T. C. Edwin 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTQuick response is a supply chain practice that can help improve operations by responding quickly to market changes. In particular, when retailers are perfectly rational and risk neutral, quick response is known to be a highly beneficial strategy to the retailers. However, in practice, retailers may possess different kinds of unstable risk preferences, which include risk‐averse and risk‐seeking attitudes. Thus, retailers may be stochastically risk sensitive. In this article, we consider all these factors simultaneously and explore how the retailer's stochastic risk preference affects the values of quick response to the supply chain and its members. Among various findings, we show that quick response is always beneficial to the supply chain when the retailer is stochastically risk sensitive. In most cases, we demonstrate that if the retailer is more risk averse (risk seeking) stochastically, the retailer is benefited more, whereas the manufacturer suffers a smaller profit loss (a bigger profit loss), under quick response. We prove that different commonly used supply chain contracts can achieve robust Pareto improvement in the supply chain. We also uncover that if the manufacturer ignores the retailer's stochastic risk preference, the achievability of Pareto improvement by contracts will be negatively affected.
Effects of forest loss and fragmentation on pollen diets and provision mass of the mason bee,Osmia cornifrons, in central Japan
Authors: NAGAMITSU TERUYOSHI , SUZUKI MIKI F. , MINE SHOTARO , TAKI HISATOMO , SHURI KATO , KIKUCHI SATOSHI , MASAKI TAKASHI 
Published: December 2017

1. Habitat loss and fragmentation potentially affect the performance of bees that forage nectar and pollen of plants in their habitats. In forest landscapes, silvicultural conifer plantations often have reduced and fragmented natural broadleaf forests, which seem to provide more floral resources for bees than do the plantations.2. This study evaluated the effects of forest characteristics (i.e. elevation, area, edge length, and tree size of natural forests) on pollen diets (plant taxa assemblages of pollen grains in provisions) and total provision mass in oviposited chambers in nests made by a standardised number ofOsmia cornifronsbees at 14 sites in a forestry area in central Japan.3. From April to May, the numbers of nests and chambers per nest increased, and the provision mass per chamber decreased. Main pollen sources werePrunusat higher elevations in April andWisteriaat lower elevations in May, foraging on which increased the numbers of nests and chambers per nest. The provision mass per chamber was smaller at higher elevations in more fragmented natural forests. Decreases in the area of natural forests within the foraging range (400‐m radii) ofO. cornifronsincreased the utilisation ofRubuspollen and decreased the total provision mass.4. These findings suggest that the loss and fragmentation of natural broadleaf forests change pollen diets and reduce the provision mass of mason bees, which may reduce the number and size of their offspring.
Responses of terrestrial nitrogen pools and dynamics to different patterns of freeze‐thaw cycle: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Gao Decai , Zhang Lei , Liu Jun , Peng Bo , Fan Zhenzhen , Dai Weiwei , Jiang Ping , Bai Edith 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAltered freeze‐thaw cycle (FTC) patterns due to global climate change may affect nitrogen (N) cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. However, the general responses of soil N pools and fluxes to different FTC patterns are still poorly understood. Here, we compiled data of 1519 observations from 63 studies and conducted a meta‐analysis of the responses of 17 variables involved in terrestrial N pools and fluxes to FTC. Results showed that under FTC treatment, soil NH4+, NO3−, NO3− leaching, and N2O emission significantly increased by 18.5%, 18.3%, 66.9%, and 144.9%, respectively; and soil total N (TN) and microbial biomass N (MBN) significantly decreased by 26.2% and 4.7%, respectively; while net N mineralization or nitrification rates did not change. Temperate and cropland ecosystems with relatively high soil nutrient contents were more responsive to FTC than alpine and arctic tundra ecosystems with rapid microbial acclimation. Therefore, altered FTC patterns (such as increased duration of FTC, temperature of freeze, amplitude of freeze, and frequency of FTC) due to global climate warming would enhance the release of inorganic N and the losses of N via leaching and N2O emissions. Results of this meta‐analysis help better understand the responses of N cycling to FTC and the relationships between FTC patterns and N pools and N fluxes.
Possibilities for African Canadian intellectual history: The case of 19th‐century Upper Canada/Canada West
Authors: Reid‐Maroney Nina 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAfrican Canadian intellectual history of the 19th century resonates with contemporary movements for racial justice such as Black Lives Matter, and the emergence of new scholars and activists in the vibrant field of Black Canadian Studies. Arguing that Black abolitionists and their ideologies of resistance created an intellectual culture both linked to, and distinct from, intellectual cultures elsewhere in the Atlantic world, the essay discusses new scholarship on histories of ideas, calling for a reexamination of the underground railroad as an important conceptual framework, and surveying recent work on women's intellectual histories, histories of religion, and the culture of science. Interdisciplinary research on the Black press in 19th‐century Canada reveals the importance of African Canadian intellectual history for our understanding of narratives of race, ideologies of emancipation, and the place of Canada in the Black Atlantic.
Efficacy, safety and patient‐reported outcomes of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir in NS3/4A protease inhibitor‐experienced individuals with hepatitis C virus genotype 1 and HIV coinfection with and without cirrhosis (ANRS HC31 SOFTRIH study)
Authors: Rosenthal E , Fougerou‐Leurent C , Renault A , Carrieri MP , Marcellin F , Garraffo R , Teicher E , Aumaitre H , Lacombe K , Bailly F , Billaud E , Chevaliez S , Dominguez S , Valantin MA , Reynes J , Naqvi A , Cotte L , Metivier S , Leroy V , Dupon M , Allegre T , De Truchis P , Jeantils V , Chas J , Salmon‐Ceron D , Morlat P , Neau D , Perré P , Piroth L , Pol S , Bourlière M , Pageaux GP , Alric L , Zucman D , Girard PM , Poizot‐Martin I , Yazdanpanah Y , Raffi F , Pabic E Le , Tual C , Pailhé A , Amri I , Bellissant E , Molina JM 
Published: December 2017

ObjectivesStudies evaluating the efficacy and safety of the fixed‐dose combination ledipasvir (LDV)/sofosbuvir (SOF) in patients coinfected with HIV‐1 and hepatitis C virus (HCV) have mainly included treatment‐naïve patients without cirrhosis. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this combination in treatment‐experienced patients with and without cirrhosis.MethodsWe conducted a multicentre, open‐label, double‐arm, nonrandomized study in patients coinfected with HIV‐1 and HCV genotype 1 with and without cirrhosis, who had good viral suppression on their antiretroviral regimens. All patients were pretreated with a first‐generation NS3/4A protease inhibitor (PI) plus pegylated interferon/ribavirin. Patients received a fixed‐dose combination of LDV/SOF for 12 weeks, or for 24 weeks if cirrhosis was present. The primary endpoint was a sustained virological response (SVR) 12 weeks after the end of therapy. Secondary endpoints included safety, pharmacokinetics and patient‐reported outcomes.ResultsOf the 68 patients enrolled, 39.7% had cirrhosis. Sixty‐five patients [95.6%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 87.6–99.1%; P < 0.0001] achieved an SVR, with similar rates of SVR in those with and without cirrhosis. Tolerance was satisfactory, with mainly grade 1 or 2 adverse events. Among patient‐reported outcomes, only fatigue significantly decreased at the end of treatment compared with baseline [odds ratio (OR): 0.36; 95% CI: 0.14–0.96; P = 0.04]. Mean tenofovir area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) at week 4 was high, with mean ± SD AUC variation between baseline and week 4 higher in cirrhotic than in noncirrhotic patients (3261.57 ± 1920.47 ng/mL vs. 1576.15 ± 911.97 ng/mL, respectively; P = 0.03). Mild proteinuria (54.4%), hypophosphataemia (50.0%), blood bicarbonate decrease (29.4%) and hypokalaemia (13.2%) were reported. The serum creatinine level was not modified.ConclusionsLDV/SOF provided a high SVR rate in PI‐experienced subjects coinfected with HCV genotype 1 and HIV‐1, including patients with cirrhosis.
Production of squid emulsion sausages using pork skin and coconut powder mixture as fat replacers
Authors: Zhou Tiantian , Zhao Yana , Wu Xiaomeng , Wang Wenhang , Liu Anjun 
Published: December 2017

SummaryHow to improve the inferior properties of squid products is a big challenge for producers. Pork skin and coconut powder (PSCP) mixture were assessed as fat replacers in squid emulsion sausages. The modified treatment containing 100% PSCP had 62.58% less fat, 4.82% more protein and 8.79% more moisture than those of the control (P < 0.05). High PSCP concentration resulted in lower cooking loss, higher emulsion stability and better textural properties. Texture profile analysis (TPA) showed that the addition of PSCP significantly (P < 0.05) increased the hardness, cohesiveness and chewiness of the sausages. The three‐dimensional network structures of the sausages containing PSCP were more compact and homogeneous. Sensory evaluation results produced by a sensory panel comprised of 100 panellists indicated that the sausages had an excellent flavour and overall acceptability when the substitution was 60%. Therefore, pork skin and coconut powder can be used to replace the pork back fat in the squid emulsion sausage without sacrificing the quality.