bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of storage temperature on airway exosome integrity for diagnostic and functional analyses
Authors: Maroto Rosario , Zhao Yingxin , Jamaluddin Mohammad , Popov Vsevolod L. , Wang Hongwang , Kalubowilage Madumali , Zhang Yueqing , Luisi Jonathan , Sun Hong , Culbertson Christopher T. , Bossmann Stefan H. , Motamedi Massoud , Brasier Allan R. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTBackground: Extracellular vesicles contain biological molecules specified by cell‐type of origin and modified by microenvironmental changes. To conduct reproducible studies on exosome content and function, storage conditions need to have minimal impact on airway exosome integrity.Aim: We compared surface properties and protein content of airway exosomes that had been freshly isolated vs. those that had been treated with cold storage or freezing.Methods: Mouse bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) exosomes purified by differential ultracentrifugation were analysed immediately or stored at +4°C or −80°C. Exosomal structure was assessed by dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and charge density (zeta potential, ζ). Exosomal protein content, including leaking/dissociating proteins, were identified by label‐free LC‐MS/MS.Results: Freshly isolated BALF exosomes exhibited a mean diameter of 95 nm and characteristic morphology. Storage had significant impact on BALF exosome size and content. Compared to fresh, exosomes stored at +4°C had a 10% increase in diameter, redistribution to polydisperse aggregates and reduced ζ. Storage at −80°C produced an even greater effect, resulting in a 25% increase in diameter, significantly reducing the ζ, resulting in multilamellar structure formation. In fresh exosomes, we identified 1140 high‐confidence proteins enriched in 19 genome ontology biological processes. After storage at room temperature, 848 proteins were identified. In preparations stored at +4°C, 224 proteins appeared in the supernatant fraction compared to the wash fractions from freshly prepared exosomes; these proteins represent exosome leakage or dissociation of loosely bound “peri‐exosomal” proteins. In preparations stored at −80°C, 194 proteins appeared in the supernatant fraction, suggesting that distinct protein groups leak from exosomes at different storage temperatures.Conclusions: Storage destabilizes the surface characteristics, morphological features and protein content of BALF exosomes. For preservation of the exosome protein content and representative functional analysis, airway exosomes should be analysed immediately after isolation.
Molecular beam epitaxy growth and structure of self-assembled
Bi2Se3/Bi2MnSe4 multilayer
heterostructures
Authors: Hagmann Joseph A , Li Xiang , Chowdhury Sugata , Dong Si-Ning , Rouvimov Sergei , Pookpanratana Sujitra J , Man Yu Kin , Orlova Tatyana A , Bolin Trudy B , Segre Carlo U , Seiler David G , Richter Curt A , Liu Xinyu , Dobrowolska Margaret , Furdyna Jacek K 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
We demonstrate that the introduction of an elemental beam of Mn during the
molecular beam epitaxial growth of Bi2Se3 results in the
formation of layers of Bi2MnSe4 that intersperse between
layers of pure Bi2Se3. This study revises the assumption
held by many who study magnetic topological insulators (TIs) that Mn
incorporates randomly at Bi-substitutional sites during epitaxial growth of
Mn:Bi2Se3. Here, we report the formation of thin film
magnetic TI Bi2MnSe4 with stoichiometric composition that
grows in a self-assembled multilayer heterostructure with layers of
Bi2Se3, where the number of
Bi2Se3 layers separating the single
Bi2MnSe4 layers is approximately defined by the
relative arrival rate of Mn ions to Bi and Se ions during growth, and we present
its compositional, structural, and electronic properties. We support a model for
the epitaxial growth of Bi2MnSe4 in a near-periodic
self-assembled layered heterostructure with Bi2Se3 with
corresponding theoretical calculations of the energetics of this material and
those of similar compositions. Computationally derived electronic structure of
these heterostructures demonstrates the existence of topologically nontrivial
surface states at sufficient thickness.
Combined mode I stress intensity factors of slanted cracks
Authors: Ismail A.E , Abdul Rahman M.Q , Mohd Ghazali M.Z , Zulafif Rahim M. , Rasidi Ibrahim M. , Hassan Mohd Fahrul , Muhd Nor Nik Hisyamudin , Ariffin A.M.T , Yunos Muhamad Zaini 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The solutions of stress intensity factors (SIFs) for slanted cracks in plain strain plate are hard to find in open literature. There are some previous solutions of SIFs available, however the studies are not completed except for the case of plain stress. The slanted cracks are modelled numerically using ANSYS finite element program. There are ten slanted angles and seven relative crack depths are used and the plate contains cracks which is assumed to fulfil the plain strain condition. The plate is then stressed under tension and bending loading and the SIFs are determined according to the displacement extrapolation method. Based on the numerical analysis, both slanted angles and relative crack length, a/L played an important role in determining the modes I and II SIFs. As expected the SIFs increased when a/L is increased. Under tension force, the introduction of slanted angles increased the SIFs. Further increment of angles reduced the SIFs however they are still higher than the SIFs obtained using normal cracks. Under bending moment, the present of slanted angles are significantly reduced the SIFs compared with the normal cracks. Under similar loading, mode II SIFs increased as function of a/L and slanted angles where increasing such parameters increasing the mode II SIFs.
Bio-removal of Nickel ions by Sporosarcina pasteurii and Bacillus megaterium, A Comparative Study
Authors: Gheethi AA , Efaq AN , Mohamed RM , Abdel-Monem MO , Abdullah Abd Halid , Amir Hashim M 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the potential of Sporosarcina pasteurii 586S and Bacillus megaterium 1295S isolated from sewage treatment plants (STPs) in removing of nickel ions from the aqueous solution. The bacterial cells were used as living and dead cell biomass. The efficiency of bio-removal process was investigated as a response for nickel and biomass concentrations, time, pH and temperature. The bio-removal capacity (Qmax) of both strains were compared. The highest bio-removal percentage was recorded by dead cells in comparison to living cells. Dead cell biomass of B. megaterium 1295S exhibited higher efficiency for bio-removing of Ni2+ than S. pasteurii 586S at196.4 and 200.2 mg Ni2+ g-1, respectively. It can be concluded that both bacterial strains have high potential to be applied in the biotechnology for removing of Ni2+ ions, however, dead cells of B. megaterium 1295S is the most potent.
Performance evaluation of coherent Ising machines against classical neural networks
Authors: Haribara Yoshitaka , Ishikawa Hitoshi , Utsunomiya Shoko , Aihara Kazuyuki , Yamamoto Yoshihisa 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The coherent Ising machine is expected to find a near-optimal solution in various combinatorial optimization problems, which has been experimentally confirmed with optical parametric oscillators and a field programmable gate array circuit. The similar mathematical models were proposed three decades ago by Hopfield et al in the context of classical neural networks. In this article, we compare the computational performance of both models.
Dependent generalized Dirichlet process priors for the analysis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Barcella William , De Iorio Maria , Favaro Stefano , Rosner Gary L 
Published: August 2017

SUMMARYWe propose a novel Bayesian nonparametric process prior for modeling a collection of random discrete distributions. This process is defined by including a suitable Beta regression framework within a generalized Dirichlet process to induce dependence among the discrete random distributions. This strategy allows for covariate dependent clustering of the observations. Some advantages of the proposed approach include wide applicability, ease of interpretation, and availability of efficient MCMC algorithms. The motivation for this work is the study of the impact of asparginage metabolism on lipid levels in a group of pediatric patients treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Antipassive
Authors: Polinsky Maria 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis chapter presents typical properties of the antipassive, addresses its cross-linguistic distribution, and discusses main existing analyses. “Antipassives” are constructions in which the logical object of a transitive (two-place) predicate is not realized as a direct object, but instead appears as a non-core argument or left unexpressed (but presupposed). The morphological realization of the antipassive is more varied than is usually assumed; in particular, pseudo noun incorporation, true noun incorporation, and bi-absolutive constructions can instantiate the antipassive. The antipassive and the passive are not mutually exclusive; a number of examples in this chapter provide empirical evidence in support of antipassive/passive compatibility. The antipassive is not limited to ergative languages, although it may be more noticeable under ergative configuration.
Ergativity in Tibeto-Burman
Authors: Chelliah Shobhana 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA number of Tibeto-Burman languages exhibit morphological ergative alignment, while others clearly do not. In these languages, matters of information structure determine core argument marking. Specifically, both A and S marking may be used to indicate topic, contrastive topic, broad focus, and/or contrastive focus. It is most often A or S, not P, that is assigned such status and between A and S, it is most often A that takes marking. Preference for topic or focus marking on A creates the impression of ergative alignment, but an ergative alignment analysis is untenable as S may be marked under the same conditions and with the same morpheme as A. Considerations of discourse-level clause interpretation in Tibetan, Meitei, and Burmese show that information structure not transitivity determines A and S marking. The presence or absence of marking based on information structure is characterized as “unique differential marking”, distinguishing it from the differential marking observed in ergative and accusative alignment systems.
On Inherent and Dependent Theories of Ergative Case
Authors: Baker Mark C. , Bobalijk Jonathan 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis chapter compares the view that ergative case is an inherent case assigned by v to an NP that it theta-marks (the ICT) to the view that ergative case is a dependent case assigned to a higher NP when there is a lower NP in the same local domain (the DCT). First we present instances in which a nonagent receives ergative case when there is another NP nearby, in applicative constructions in Shipibo, Kalaallisut (West Greenlandic), and Chukchi. Conversely, we present instances in which an agent fails to receive ergative, either because the second NP has been rendered invisible, or because the clause is subsumed within a larger case domain (ECM, causatives). Both data sets support the DCT over the ICT. Finally, we argue that no known language displays a straightforwardly active case pattern—a fact that can be explained by the DCT but not the ICT.
The Locus of Ergative Case
Authors: Legate Julie Anne 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis chapter demonstrates that for a diverse range of languages the assignment of ergative case is determined by a cluster of factors, which vary between the languages. While ergative assignment thus resists a simple, uniform analysis, the relevant factors are consistently based low in the clausal structure, centered around vP. The low factors identified include the theta-position and theta-role of the subject, the presence of a complement, the presence of a DP object, the case of the object, the presence of object agreement, and the Aspect selecting vP. Illustrative languages examined are Tsova-Tush (East Caucasian), Nez Perce (Sahaptin), Warlpiri (South-West Pama-Nyungan), Tshangla (Tibeto-Burman), and Hindi/Urdu (Indo-Aryan). Kurmanji Kurdish (Iranian) and Yukulta (Tangic) are also considered: here, the governing factors of ergative case assignment are prima facie high in the clause, based in TP/CP. These languages are revealed to instead fall under the low ergative pattern.
Selected to Kill in His Name
Authors: Sela Yael , Barbaro Nicole 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Religion motivates, exacerbates, and even justifies violence. This chapter argues that religious beliefs regarding violence—particularly those of monotheistic, Abrahamic faiths—are shaped by evolved psychological mechanisms. Further, it argues that religiously motivated violence is most likely to occur in evolutionarily relevant contexts. Guided by sexual selection theory and parental-investment theory, it first provides an overview of human sexual selection from an evolutionary perspective. It discusses how and why an evolutionary perspective—and principles of sexual selection and parental investment in particular—may provide a richer understanding of religiously motivated violence. Next follows an overview of research addressing several types of religiously motivated violence such as mate guarding and controlling behaviors, wife beating and uxoricide, honor killing, child abuse and filicide, male and female genital mutilation, war, and terrorism. Finally, it highlights the parallels between religiously motivated violence and evolved psychological mechanisms for violence, concluding with suggestions for future research.
Gender and Slavery
Authors: Glazebrook Allison 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
This chapter investigates the relation between gender and slavery among the Greeks and Romans. It considers the gendered division of labour for slaves with a special emphasis on female slaves and female masters in the domestic context. Important topics covered include sexual violence against slaves, manumission, and prostitutes as slaves. It argues that female slaves were most common in domestic contexts and the sex and entertainment industry. Both contexts, however, meant that female slaves were open to sexual abuse, but close contact with the free might also benefit female slaves by leading to their manumission. Slaves frequently appear outside ancient constructions of gender, officially denied socio-political status as husbands, wives, fathers, and mothers, and free from behavioural expectations like male courage and female virtue; but this lack of a gendered identity was likely another element of their oppression.
Laying the Foundations: 1910–1948
Authors: Campbell Ted A. , MacDonald Gary B. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
This chapter details the evolution of the constituent bodies of the World Council of Churches in the period between 1910 and the Council’s formal organization in 1948. It shows how these constitutive components (the International Missionary Council, the Faith and Order movement, and the Life and Work movement) grew originally from Protestant postmillennial optimism at the start of the twentieth century and evolved in the wake of the First World War, the rise of the Soviet state, the global economic depression of the 1930s, the rise of German National Socialism, the Second World War, and the destruction that the war brought about. All of these factors made ecumenical engagement utterly urgent in the eyes of the leaders of the ecumenical movement. The chapter also shows how Eastern Orthodox churches and representatives of the Catholic Church, even prior to the Second Vatican Council, became engaged at varying levels with ecumenical work.
Intense Activity: 1965–1990
Authors: Gassmann Günther 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
This chapter explains that 1965–1990 was a highly intensive period of ecumenical action and reflection. A new and very active partner had entered the ecumenical scene, namely the Roman Catholic Church, following the Second Vatican Council. There were also significant new developments in social action and theological reflection and a number of outstanding events. A radical, holistic vision of mission emerged and prompted critical reaction from the evangelical Lausanne Movement. Ecumenical theological studies under the auspices of Faith and Order on common faith, sacraments, and unity drew much attention, especially in relation to the most widely distributed and discussed ecumenical document thus far: Baptism, Eucharist and Ministry (BEM) of 1982. New perspectives on the community of women and men in church and society were also developed.
A 16 deg2 survey of emission-line galaxies at z &lt; 1.5 in HSC-SSP Public Data Release 1
Authors: Hayashi Masao , Tanaka Masayuki , Shimakawa Rhythm , Furusawa Hisanori , Momose Rieko , Koyama Yusei , Silverman John D , Kodama Tadayuki , Komiyama Yutaka , Leauthaud Alexie , Lin Yen-Ting , Miyazaki Satoshi , Nagao Tohru , Nishizawa Atsushi J , Ouchi Masami , Shibuya Takatoshi , Tadaki Ken-ichi , Yabe Kiyoto 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
We present initial results from the Subaru Strategic Program (SSP) with Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) on a comprehensive survey of emission-line galaxies at z &lt; 1.5 based on narrowband imaging. The first Public Data Release provides us with data from two narrowband filters, specifically NB816 and NB921 over 5.7 deg2 and 16.2 deg2 respectively. The 5 σ limiting magnitudes are 25.2 mag (UltraDeep layer, 1.4 deg2) and 24.8 mag (Deep layer, 4.3 deg2) for NB816, and 25.1 mag (UltraDeep, 2.9 deg2) and 24.6–24.8 mag (Deep, 13.3 deg2) for NB921. The wide-field imaging allows us to construct unprecedentedly large samples of 8054 H α emitters at z ≈ 0.25 and 0.40, 8656 [O iii] emitters at z ≈ 0.63 and 0.84, and 16877 [O ii] emitters at z ≈ 1.19 and 1.47. We map the cosmic web on scales out to about 50 comoving Mpc that includes galaxy clusters, identified by red sequence galaxies, located at the intersection of filamentary structures of star-forming galaxies. The luminosity functions of emission-line galaxies are measured with precision and are consistent with published studies. The wide field coverage of the data enables us to measure the luminosity functions up to brighter luminosities than previous studies. The comparison of the luminosity functions between the different HSC-SSP fields suggests that a survey volume of &gt;5 × 105 Mpc3 is essential to overcome cosmic variance. Since the current data have not reached the full depth expected for the HSC-SSP, the color cut in i − NB816 or z − NB921 induces a bias towards star-forming galaxies with large equivalent widths, primarily seen in the stellar mass functions for the H α emitters at z ≈ 0.25–0.40. Even so, the emission-line galaxies clearly cover a wide range of luminosity, stellar mass, and environment, thus demonstrating the usefulness of the narrowband data from the HSC-SSP for investigating star-forming galaxies at z &lt; 1.5.
Transfusion-related immunomodulation: a reappraisal
Authors: Youssef Lyla A. , Spitalnik Steven L. 
Published: August 2017

Purpose of review
This review summarizes current and prior observations regarding transfusion-related immunomodulation (TRIM) and puts these ideas into a modern immunological context, incorporating concepts from innate, adaptive, and nutritional immunity. We propose that TRIM research focus on determining whether there are specific, well-defined immunosuppressive effects from transfusing ‘pure’ red blood cells (RBCs) themselves, along with the by-products produced by the stored RBCs as a result of the ‘storage lesion.’ Macrophages are a key cell type involved in physiological and pathological RBC clearance and iron recycling. The plasticity and diversity of macrophages makes these cells potential mediators of immune suppression that could constitute TRIM.

Recent findings
Recent reports identified the capacity of macrophages and monocytes to exhibit ‘memory.’ Exposure to various stimuli, such as engulfment of apoptotic cells and interactions with ß-glucan and lipopolysaccharide, were found to induce epigenetic, metabolic, and functional changes in certain myeloid cells, particularly macrophages and monocytes.

Summary
Macrophages may mediate the immunosuppressive aspects of TRIM that arise as a result of transfused RBCs and their storage lesion induced by-products.
The challenges of proprotein convertase subtilisin–kexin-9 inhibitors for lipid guidelines and models of care
Authors: Wierzbicki Anthony S. 
Published: August 2017

Purpose of review
The article reviews the challenges facing cardiovascular disease (CVD) guidelines committees.

Recent findings
Clinical trials in high-risk populations have shown additional CVD event reduction with ezetimibe and proprotein convertase subtilisin–kexin-9 inhibitors. These trials recruit middle-aged secondary prevention populations, whereas increasingly the population at risk of CVD comprises the elderly in primary prevention. Some major guidelines have moved from a lipid-target to a risk-based approach. Some guidelines wish to preserve treatment targets to optimize the risk profile of individual patients as opposed to using population-based approaches. A numbers needed to treat approach has been suggested as a way of prioritizing patients for treatment, while retaining an individual's LDL cholesterol risk. However, the main barrier to implementation of some novel therapies in medicine is not their efficacy or safety but their cost. Health economic approaches that consider both benefits and costs can help guideline committees to define populations mostly likely to benefit.

Summary
The efficacy and expense of novel treatments is challenging traditional guideline development. Previously guideline committees used only to review clinical efficacy and safety endpoints but now they also have to consider costs to derive recommendations that are practical to implement.
Making up your mind: Enhanced perceptual decision-making induced by stochastic resonance during non-invasive brain stimulation: Stochastic resonance in perceptual decision-making
Authors: der Groen Onno van , Tang Matthew F. , Wenderoth Nicole , Mattingley Jason B. 
Published: August 2017

Summary:Perceptual decision-making relies on the gradual accumulation of noisy sensory evidence until a specified boundary is reached and an appropriate response is made. It might be assumed that adding noise to a stimulus, or to the neural systems involved in its processing, would interfere with the decision process. But it has been suggested that adding an optimal amount of noise can, under appropriate conditions, enhance the quality of subthreshold signals in nonlinear systems, a phenomenon known asstochastic resonance. Here we asked whether perceptual decisions obey these stochastic resonance principles by adding noise directly to the visual cortex using transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) while participants judged the direction of motion in foveally presented random-dot motion arrays. Consistent with the stochastic resonance account, we found that adding tRNS bilaterally to visual cortex enhanced decision-making when stimuli were just below, but not well below or above, perceptual threshold. We modelled the data under a drift diffusion framework to isolate the specific components of the multi-stage decision process that were influenced by the addition of neural noise. This modelling showed that tRNS increased drift rate, which indexes the rate of evidence accumulation, but had no effect on bound separation or non-decision time. These results were specific to bilateral stimulation of visual cortex; control experiments involving unilateral stimulation of left and right visual areas showed no influence of random noise stimulation. Our study is the first to provide causal evidence that perceptual decision-making is susceptible to a stochastic resonance effect induced by tRNS, and that this effect arises from selective enhancement of the rate of evidence accumulation for sub-threshold sensory events.