bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilizing constitutional values in constitutional comparison
Authors: Venter Francois 
Published: July 2017

We are living in an era in which constitutional law has become a comparative science. A cogent, generally accepted methodology for constitutional comparison, however does not exist. There can, it is therefore submitted, be no such thing as a universal, monolithic science or discipline of comparative law, be it in the field of private or of public law. On the other hand, juridical comparison done unscientifically will not yield the fruits of useful knowledge.

The law in general is replete with unspecific notions such as justice, reasonableness, public interest, boni mores, and many others. It should therefore not be disturbing to find that values are often foundational to the operation and application of constitutional law. The values underpinning different constitutional systems may be useful as a tertium comparationis in a comparative exercise. This however requires a penetrating consideration of the foundations of the systems being compared.

In this contribution "a small comparative exercise" is undertaken by way of demonstration of the method. The South African constitutional provisions relating to equality and affirmative action are set against the background of the relevant norms and practices in the United States of America and Canada.
This produces some useful insights:

in the USA equality increasingly underpins a strict proscription of discrimination, thus shrinking the scope for justifiable affirmative action programmes;

the South African law relating to discrimination and upliftment of the disadvantaged was clearly influenced by, and is therefore better understood against the background of, the equivalent arrangements in
Canada, which was in its turn possibly conceived against the backdrop of early developments in this regard in the USA;

the Canadian doctrine and law of the constitution deals with affirmative action as an exception to the prohibition of discrimination and does not favour private affirmative action programmes;
the South African approach seeks on the one hand to promote equality as a near-absolute prohibition of discrimination, while on the other hand

affirmative action is projected not as an exception to nondiscrimination, but as a means of achieving equality;

whereas the identification of disadvantage in the USA and Canada tends to focus on discrete and insular minorities, the South African Constitution deals with an obvious reality of past disadvantage of a substantial majority, thus probably giving preferential programmes in South Africa a different character.

It is concluded that "comparing with values" has, at the very least, the potential of revealing which foreign sources can justifiably be used locally as authoritative or pursuasive references, and which not.
Politics and Constitutional Adjudication: A response to Prof F Venter
Authors: Chetty Karun D 
Published: July 2017

In order to respond appropriately to Prof Venter’s paper on politics and constitutional adjudication I have already had sight of it. My comments therefore may be seen not only as a response but a reaction as well, to some of the opinions expressed by the Constitutional Court judges in the judgements cited therein.
Prof Venter posits certain considerations of how judicial officers should deal with personal convictions when required to adjudicate in matters that have political implications; these are:
Not to be politically motivated when producing judgements in cases having political consequences
That since this would require great effort and since it may well be impossible for a judge to divorce her/himself from ingrained predispositions and premises, a solution may be found in standards of justice with which decisions must comply rather than a preoccupation of what goes on in the mind of a judge.
I believe that there is more to it than in just attempting to establish standards of justice which in any event would be established by judges themselves.
Dilemma of Muslim women regarding divorce in South Africa
Authors: Gabru N 
Published: July 2017

On a daily basis people enquire about the dissolution of Islamic marriages, in terms of South African law In South Africa. There exist no legal grounds for obtaining a divorce in a South African court, for persons married in terms of the Islamic law only. The reason for this is due to the fact that Muslim marriages are currently not recognised as valid marriages in terms of South African law. The courts have stated that the non-recognition of Islamic marriages is based on the fact that such marriages are potentially polygamous.
In South Africa, marriages may be dissolved by the death of one of the spouses or by divorce. In terms of the Divorce Act, a decree of divorce will be granted by a court of law.
Islam grants the husband the right of divorce and also grants the wife the right to request and apply to dissolve the marriage through what is known as Khula, the woman also has the right to a delegated divorce. If the husband dissolves the marriage by divorcing his wife, he cannot retrieve any of the gifts he has given her. Islam further makes provision for the "reasonable maintenance" of divorced women.
The non-recognition of Islamic marriages has the effect that a person married in terms of Shari'ah only, has no right to approach a court of law for a decree of divorce and, unless a husband divorces his wife in terms of the Shari'ah, the wife is trapped in a marriage, even if the marriage has broken down irretrievably. Thus a custom in South Africa has developed, whereby Muslim husbands refuse to divorce their wives in terms of Islamic law, so as to punish the wife. The wife in turn cannot make use of the South African
judiciary to obtain a divorce, because of the non-recognition of her marriage. This is a burden, which is in direct conflict with Islamic law.
In 2000 a Bill was drafted by the South African Law Commission. This act will recognise Islamic family law within a constitutional framework. This article deals with the dilemma that a Muslim woman is faced with in South Africa with regards to divorce.
Comaraisons histologiques entre la Peste des petits Ruminants et et la "Kata" en Afrique de l'Ouest
Authors: Rowland A.C. , Bourdin P. 
Published: July 2017

L’histopathologie comparée de la Peste des Petits Ruminants (P.P.R.) et de la « Kata » montre que les lésions sont identiques avec en particulier une nécrose de l’épithélium du tractus digestif, une dégénérescence et une prolifération dans l’épithélium du tissu pulmonaire et un appauvrissement du tissu lymphoïde.La présence d’inclusions intranucléaires et intracytoplasmiques est constante dans les tissus épithéliaux.
Vietnamese EFL High School Teachers’ Self-assessment of their English Language Proficiency in Relation to the Official Assessment Test Results
Authors: Le Van Hoang , Mai Khoi Ngoc 
Published: July 2017

The current study explored how Vietnamese EFL high school teachers self-assessed their current English proficiency. It also compared teachers’ self-ratings with the results they obtained in the Project 2010 test, which was used to assess English level of EFL teachers across Vietnam as part of the implementation of the National Foreign Language Project 2020. The data were drawn from 15-item online questionnaire with 94 teacher participants. The findings revealed that teachers perceived themselves as being more proficient in skills of writing and reading, compared to listening, spoken production (e.g., making presentations) and spoken interaction (e.g., making conversations). Most of them rated their current English proficiency level lower than the level they achieved in the Project 2020 test. The findings offer information about the language aspects that teachers were least proficient, which can be used to specify what support they actually desire from in-service training courses. Also, as teachers are at the centre of the Project 2020, their perceptions of their own English proficiency provide insightful input to enhance the effectiveness of this educational reform.
Storage targets optimization embedded with analytical hedging rule for reservoir water supply operation
Authors: Wang Jing , Hu Tiesong , Zeng Xiang , Yasir Muhammad 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
A two-period model is widely used to derive optimal hedging rules for reservoir water supply operation, often with storage targets as the goal to conserve water for future use. However, the predetermined storage targets adopted in the two-period model result in shortsighted decisions without considering the control of long-term reservoir operation. The purpose of this paper is to propose a new model to seek a more promising water supply operation policy by embedding the hedging rule derived from the two-period model in an optimization program for storage targets. Two modules are incorporated in the new model: the two-period model for optimizing water release decisions in each period with given storage targets and the optimization module to determine the optimal values of storage targets for connecting different periods. The Xujiahe water supply system is taken as a case study to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model. The results demonstrate that the new model is superior to others based on standard operation policy or rule curves during droughts and reduces the maximum water shortage.
Effective adsorption of nitroaromatics at the low concentration by a newly synthesized hypercrosslinked resin
Authors: Wang Chuanhong , Xu Chao , Sun Weizhi , Liu Fusheng , Yu Shitao , Xian Mo 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
In the present study, a series of hypercrosslinked resins (CH series) was prepared in systematically designed conditions for the adsorption of nitroaromatics from aqueous solution. The newly synthesized CH-10 possesses a Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area up to 1,329.3 m2/g which is larger than that of the widely used hypercrosslinked resin H-103 and it exhibits great advantage over H-103 when subjected to nitrobenzene at low concentrations. The adsorption capacity of CH-10 for nitrobenzene is 1.4 times as much as that of H-103 at the concentration of 100 mg/L. Kinetic study by film diffusion model and intra-particle diffusion model revealed that its distinctive mesoporous structure within pore diameters between 2 and 6 nm played significant role in the mass transfer at low concentrations, and these unique mesopores also resulted in better adsorption capacity, which was confirmed by adsorption thermodynamics study. Moreover, the CH series displayed a good affinity to a wide scope of nitroaromatics and exhibited excellent dynamic adsorption and desorption properties in fixed bed.
Serapan Logam Berat oleh Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula Lokal pada Nauclea orientalis L. dan Potensial untuk Fitoremediasi Tanah Serpentine
Authors: Tuheteru Faisal Danu , Arif Asrianti , Widiastuti Eka , Rahmawati Ninis 
Published: July 2017

Pengaruh fungi mikoriza arbuskula (FMA) lokal terhadap pertumbuhan dan serapan logam tanaman Nauclea orientalis L., telah diteliti. Tanaman ditumbuhkan pada kondisi rumah kaca pada media serpentine soil tanpa dan dengan FMA (Glomus sp., Acaulospora tuberculata, dan campuran) selama 2 bulan. Akar tanaman lonkida terkolonisasi FMA dengan ditemukan struktur FMA berupa hifa internal>hifa eksternal>coil> vesikula>arbuskula. Kolonisasi A. tuberculata dan Glomus sp. signifikan meningkatkan berat kering akar (P<0,01, r=0,810) dan pucuk (P<0,05, r=0,802). N. orientalis memiliki ketergantungan tinggi terhadap inokulasi FMA (MIE>65). Nilai Transpor Faktor (TF) <1 untuk semua logam dengan urutan serapan logam Fe>Mn>Ni>Cr. Glomus sp mengurangi serapan Fe dan Ni akar sebesar 13% dan 3%, secara berturutan. A. tuberculata meningkatkan serapan semua logam. Kemampuan serapan logam berbeda antara jenis FMA.Heavy Metal Uptake by Indigenous Arbuscular Mycorrhizas of Nauclea orientalis L. and the Potential for Phytoremediation of Serpentine SoilAbstractEffect of indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on growth and metal uptake of Nauclea orientalis L. plants, has been investigated. Plants were grown in greenhouse conditions on serpentine soil media without and with the AMF (Glomus sp., Acaulospora tuberculata, and mix) for two months. Lonkida roots was colonized by AMF because it was found structures of AMF: internal hyphae>external hypae>coil>vesicles>arbuscule. Colonization A. tuberculata and Glomus sp. significantly increased dry weight of root (P<0.01, r=0.810) and shoot (P<0.05, r=0.802). N. orientalis has a high dependence on inoculation of AMF (MIE>65). Transport Factor value (TF) <1 for all metals with metal uptake sequence was Fe>Mn>Ni>Cr. Glomus sp reduced Fe and Ni uptake on roots by 13% and 3%, respectively. A. tuberculata increased the uptake of all metals. Metal uptake ability was difference among types of AMF.
Automatic management of energy flows of a stand-alone renewable energy with support of hydrogen
Authors: I. A. Bacca  , M. V. B. Mendonça  , C. E. Tavares  , I. N. Gondim  , J. C. Oliveira  
Published: July 2017

This paper is focused on the subject of computational modelling, experimental validation and performance analysis of refrigerators submitted to non-ideal supply conditions. The model uses the time domain approach and the expressions are implemented in the ATP-MODELS platform. Concomitantly to the theoretical work, laboratory procedures have been executed in order to validate the proposal. The results described are useful to highlight the model applicability at investigating the relationship between distinct non-ideal supply conditions and the equipment response. The method finds application when considering the area of refunding request of damage in household devices facing anomalies in the distribution system.
Diagnostic usefulness of laparoscopy versus exploratory laparotomy for dogs with suspected gastrointestinal obstruction
Authors: Barry Katie S. , Case J. Brad , Winter Matthew D. , Garcia-Pereira Fernando L. , Buckley Gareth , Johnson Matthew D. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the feasibility of laparoscopy versus exploratory laparotomy for the diagnosis of specific lesions in dogs with suspected gastrointestinal obstruction.
DESIGN Controlled trial.
ANIMALS 16 client-owned dogs with physical and radiographic findings consistent with gastrointestinal obstruction.
PROCEDURES Single-incision laparoscopy with intracorporeal and extracorporeal examination of the gastrointestinal tract was performed by 1 surgeon. Immediately afterward, exploratory laparotomy was performed by a second surgeon. Accessibility and gross appearance of organs, surgical diagnoses, incision lengths, procedure duration, and complications were compared between diagnostic techniques.
RESULTS Mean (95% confidence interval) incision length was 4.9 cm (3.9 to 5.9 cm) for laparoscopy and 16.4 cm (14.0 to 18.7 cm) for exploratory laparotomy. Mean (95% confidence interval) procedure duration was 36.8 minutes (31.6 to 41.2 minutes) and 12.8 minutes (11.4 to 14.3 minutes), respectively. Diagnoses of the cause of obstruction were the same with both methods. In 13 dogs, the laparoscopic examination was successfully completed, and in the other 3, it was incomplete. In 4 dogs in which laparoscopy was successful, conversion to exploratory laparotomy or considerable extension of the laparoscopic incision would have been required to allow subsequent surgical treatment of identified lesions. No dogs developed major complications, and minor complication rates were similar between procedures.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Laparoscopy was feasible and clinically applicable in dogs with suspected gastrointestinal obstruction. Careful patient selection and liberal criteria for conversion to an open surgical approach are recommended when laparoscopy is considered for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal lesions in dogs.
Evaluation of learning curves for ovariohysterectomy of dogs and cats and castration of dogs
Authors: Freeman Lynetta J. , Ferguson Nancy , Fellenstein Carol , Johnson Ron , Constable Peter D. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To define learning curves for fourth-year veterinary students performing ovariohysterectomy procedures in dogs and cats and castration in dogs.
DESIGN Retrospective study.
SAMPLE 3,196 ovariohysterectomies or castrations performed in dogs and cats by 88 veterinary students during a spay-neuter surgery and animal shelter rotation (n = 3,056) or by 1 experienced general practitioner (n = 140).
PROCEDURES Data collected from medical records included patient signalment, type and duration of procedure, and sequence (by date and time) of the procedure within a list of procedures of the same type generated for each student. For each procedure type, geometric mean surgery time and 95% confidence intervals were determined for each number of surgeries completed by ≥ 10 students. Median surgery times for the same procedure types were determined for the experienced practitioner. The learning curve for each procedure was modeled with nonlinear (3-factor exponential equation with a nonzero asymptote) and linear regression. For each procedure, the asymptote (optimal surgery time) for students was compared with the experienced practitioner's median surgery time.
RESULTS 2,945 surgeries (mean, 33/student) performed by ≥ 10 students were analyzed. Surgery time decreased in a nonlinear manner as student experience increased for castration of adult or pediatric dogs and ovariohysterectomy of pediatric dogs and adult or pediatric cats. Surgery time decreased in a linear manner as experience increased for ovariohysterectomy of adult dogs.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE To the authors' knowledge, this was the first study to map surgery times for common surgical procedures consecutively performed by veterinary students. Results clearly indicated the value of repetition to improve surgical skills (as measured by surgery time) during a 3-week period.
Process of Change in Pain-Related Fear: Clinical Insights From a Single Case Report of Persistent Back Pain Managed With Cognitive Functional Therapy
Authors: Caneiro J.P. , Smith Anne , Rabey Martin , Moseley G. Lorimer , O'Sullivan Peter 
Published: July 2017

Study Design Single case report with repeated measures over 18 months. Background Management of persistent low back pain (PLBP) associated with high pain-related fear is complex. This case report aims to provide clinicians with insight into the process of change in a person with PLBP and high bending-related fear, who was managed with an individualized behavioral approach of cognitive functional therapy. Case Description A retired manual worker with PLBP believed that his spine was degenerating, that bending would hurt him, and that avoidance was the only form of pain control. At baseline, he presented high levels of pain-related fear on the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (score, 47/68) and a high-risk profile on the Örebro Musculoskeletal Pain Questionnaire (score, 61/100). Unhelpful beliefs and behaviors led to a vicious cycle of fear and disengagement from valued life activities. Guided behavioral experiments were used to challenge his thoughts and protective responses, indicating that his behavior was modifiable and the pain controllable. Using a multidimensional clinical-reasoning framework, cognitive functional therapy management was tailored to target key drivers of PLBP and delivered over 6 sessions in a 3-month period. Outcomes Over an 18-month clinical journey, he demonstrated improvements in bending-related fear, pain expectancy, and pain experience, and substantial changes in pain-related fear (Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia: 33/68; change, −14 points) and risk profile (Örebro Musculoskeletal Pain Questionnaire: 36/100; change, −25 points). Clinical interviews at 6 and 18 months revealed positive changes in mindset, understanding of pain, perceived pain control, and behavioral responses to pain. Discussion This case report provides clinicians with an insight to using a multidimensional clinical-reasoning framework to identify and target the key drivers of the disorder, and to using cognitive functional therapy to address unhelpful psychological and behavioral responses to pain in a person with PLBP and high pain-related fear. Level of Evidence Therapy, level 5. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2017;47(9):637–651. Epub 13 Jul 2017. doi:10.2519/jospt.2017.7371
Ground-based characterization of aerosol spectral optical properties of haze and Asian dust episodes under Asian continental outflow during winter 2014
Authors: Jung Jinsang , Yu JeongAh , Lyu Youngsook , Lee Minhee , Hwang Taekyung , Lee Sangil 
Published: July 2017

Abstract. Long-range transported (LRT) haze can affect the regional radiation budget and the air quality in areas downwind of the Asian continental outflow. Because in situ observations of spectral aerosol optical properties of the LRT haze are rare, an intensive characterization of aerosol optical properties is needed. This study characterized the spectral optical properties of the LRT haze and Asian dust originating from the Asian continent. Integrated chemical and optical measurements of aerosol particles were carried out in a downwind area of the Asian continental outflow (Daejeon, South Korea) during winter 2014. High concentrations of PM10 (particulate matter with a diameter  ≤  10 µm) and light scattering coefficients at 550 nm, σs, 550, were observed during a long-range transport (LRT) haze episode (PM10 =  163.9 ± 25.0 µg m−3; σs, 550 =  503.4 ± 60.5 Mm−1) and Asian dust episode (PM10 =  211.3 ± 57.5 µg m−3; σs, 550 =  560.9 ± 151 Mm−1). During the LRT haze episode, no significant change in the relative contribution of PM2. 5 (particulate matter with a diameter  ≤  2.5 µm) chemical components was observed as particles accumulated under stagnant atmospheric conditions (13–17 January 2014), suggesting that the increase in PM2. 5 mass concentration was caused mainly by the accumulation of LRT pollutants. On the other hand, a gradual decrease in Ångström exponent (Å) and a gradual increase in single scattering albedo (ω) and mass scattering efficiency (MSE) were observed during the stagnant period, possibly due to an increase in particle size. These results imply that a change in particle size rather than chemical composition during the stagnant period is the dominant factor affecting the aerosol optical properties. During the Asian dust episode, a low PM2. 5 ∕ PM10 ratio and Å(450∕700) were observed with average values of 0.59 ± 0.06 and 1.08 ± 0.14, respectively, which were higher than those during the LRT haze episode (0.75 ± 0.06 and 1.39 ± 0.05, respectively), indicating that PM2. 5 ∕ PM10 mass ratios and Å(450∕700) can be used as tracers to distinguish aged LRT haze and Asian dust under the Asian continental outflow.
The Book Advice Column as Evidence of Reception
Authors: Blair Amy L. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT
This article considers the extent to which reading advice columns and fan mail can be considered evidence of reception by looking Emily Newell Blair's columns in Good Housekeeping magazine in the 1920s and 1930s. It suggests that while Blair's columns end up telling us more about the relative range of possible receptions than about any individual moments of reception, they are evidence of a popular embrace of ecumenical middlebrow aesthetics.
Proper oral hygiene protocols decreased inflammation of gingivitis in a patient during chemotherapy with bevacizumab: a case report
Authors: Mori Kazuyo , Horinouchi Miho , Domitsu Ayumi , Shimotahira Takako , Soutome Sakiko , Yamaguchi Taihei , Oho Takahiko 
Published: July 2017

Key Clinical MessageThe case is a woman who had a diagnosis of ovarian cancer and endometrial cancer. After surgical therapy, platinum‐based adjuvant treatment was performed, followed by additional bevacizumab administration. Because considerable gingivitis appeared, a proper approach for oral hygiene was performed. As a result, the symptom was reduced considerably.