bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hanoi revisited
Authors: Forbes Tamsin , Forbes Tony 
Published: October 2016

We consider a simple extension of the familiar Tower of Hanoi puzzle. There are three vertical pegs lined up in a row and n discs. The discs have holes in their centres so that they can be threaded on to the pegs. Initially, all n discs are placed on the left-hand peg in non-increasing order of radius to form a tower, as in Figure 1. The object of the game is to transfer the entire tower to the right-hand peg by moving discs from peg to peg, one at a time according to the rules:(1) only a disc at the top of a tower may be moved;(2) a disc must never be placed on top of a smaller disc.
TWO TEXTUAL PROBLEMS IN CICERO'S PHILOSOPHICA
Authors: Dyck Andrew R. 
Published: October 2016

(1) deinde ibidem homo acutus, cum illud occurreret, si omnia deorsus e regione ferrentur et, ut dixi, ad lineam, numquam fore ut atomus altera alteram posset attingere †itaque† attulit rem commenticiam: declinare dixit atomum perpaulum …(Fin. 1.19)
Changes in genetic variances and heritabilities in an early white maize population following S1 selection for grain yield, Striga resistance and drought tolerance
Authors: BADU-APRAKU B. , OYEKUNLE M. , TALABI A. O. , ANNOR B. , AKAOGU I. C. 
Published: October 2016

SUMMARYDrought is a major constraint to maize production in West and Central Africa (WCA). Assessment of genetic gain from S1 recurrent selection under drought is crucial for the development of drought tolerance breeding strategies. In an early white population, 60 S1 families each derived from the base population and three cycles of selection were evaluated under drought and well-watered conditions at two locations in Nigeria for 2 years to determine genetic variability, gains from selection and predict response to selection for grain yield and other traits. Genetic variances generally decreased for yield and other traits in advanced cycles under drought and well-watered conditions except yield and ear height under well-watered conditions. Similarly, heritabilities for yield and other traits decreased in advanced cycles under drought but increased in advanced cycles under well-watered conditions. Realized gain for yield was 0·291 t/ha, corresponding to 30·5% per cycle under drought and 0·352 kg/ha with a corresponding gain of 16·7% per cycle under well-watered conditions. Predicted gain based on C3 was 0·282 and 0·583 t/ha under drought and well-watered conditions. Low genetic variances, heritabilities and predicted gain for yield and other traits suggested a need to introgress drought tolerance genes into the population.
Expression of sheep pathogenBabesiasp. Xinjiang rhoptry-associated protein 1 and evaluation of its diagnostic potential by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Authors: NIU QINGLI , LIU ZHIJIE , YANG JIFEI , YU PEIFA , PAN YUPING , ZHAI BINTAO , LUO JIANXUN , GUAN GUIQUAN , YIN HONG 
Published: October 2016

SUMMARYOvine babesiosis is one of the most important tick-borne haemoparasitic diseases of small ruminants. The ovine parasiteBabesiasp. Xinjiang is widespread in China. In this study, recombinant full-length XJrRAP-1aα2 (rhoptry-associated protein 1aα2) and C-terminal XJrRAP-1aα2 CT ofBabesiasp. Xinjiang were expressed and used to evaluate their diagnostic potential forBabesiasp. Xinjiang infections by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Purified XJrRAP-1aα2 was tested for reactivity with sera from animals experimentally infected withBabesiasp. Xinjiang and other haemoparasites using Western blotting and ELISA. The results showed no cross-reactivities between XJrRAP-1aα2 CT and sera from animals infected by other pathogens. High level of antibodies against RAP-1a usually lasted 10 weeks post-infection (wpi). A total of 3690 serum samples from small ruminants in 23 provinces located in 59 different regions of China were tested by ELISA. The results indicated that the average positive rate was 30·43%, and the infections were found in all of the investigated provinces. This is the first report on the expression and potential use of a recombinant XJrRAP-1aα2 CT antigen for the development of serological assays for the diagnosis of ovine babesiosis, caused byBabesiasp. Xinjiang.
Incident ion charge state dependence of the visible light emission of Xeq+ ions bombarding aluminum
Authors: Guo Y. , Yang Z. , Xu Q. , Ren J. , Zhao H. , Zhao Y. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn this work, we studied the photon emission in the visible light range for Xeq+ ions of different charge states (10 ≤ q ≤ 21) bombardment on an aluminum target at 410 keV. During the interactions, the spectra in wavelength range 300–500 nm are recorded, including the photons from Al atoms and neutralized Xe+ ions. The yield of the visible light strongly depends on the projectile charge states. Its variation tendency with the charge states is similar to that of the potential energy variation. In addition, the experimental results also indicate that when the incident charge state is less than the critical charge state, it obeys the staircase classical-over-barrier model.
Research of the anti-resonance pulse forming network and its application in the Marx generator
Authors: Pan Z.-L. , Yang J.-H. , Cheng X.-B. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAn anti-resonance pulse forming network (PFN) has been designed, analyzed, and tested for its application in generating quasi-square pulses. According to the circuit simulations, a compact generator based on two/three-section network was constructed. Two-section network is applied in the generator due to its compact structure, while three-section network is employed for generating pulses with higher quality. When two-section network is applied in the generator, the full-width at half-maximum of the load pulse is 400 ns, at the same time, its rise time, flat top and fall time are 90, 180 and 217 ns, respectively. When the three-section network is applied with the same pulse width of the load pulse, the rise time of the output decreases to 60 ns, while the flat top increases to 240 ns and the fall time reduces to 109 ns. Meanwhile, this kind of network could be used to shape the output pulses of generators whose equivalent circuit is LC series discharge network, such as MARX generator, into quasi-square pulses. And the preliminary experiment demonstrates that anti-resonance network could work well on four-stage Marx generators. A sine pulse generated by the four-stage Marx generator is shaped into a quasi-square pulse with voltage of 11.8 kV and pulse width about 110 ns based on two-section anti-resonance network.
Cardiogenic unilateral pulmonary oedema in an infant with severe residual mitral regurgitation
Authors: Joong Anna , Lai Wyman W. , Ferris Anne 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAn infant with residual severe mitral regurgitation following mitral commissurotomy developed cardiogenic unilateral pulmonary oedema and subsegmental atelectasis that resolved with mechanical mitral valve replacement.
Influence of sociodemographic characteristics on different dimensions of household food insecurity in Montevideo, Uruguay
Authors: Rossi Máximo , Ferre Zuleika , Curutchet María Rosa , Giménez Ana , Ares Gastón 
Published: October 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the factor structure of the Latin American & Caribbean Household Food Security Scale (ELCSA) and to study the influence of sociodemographic characteristics on each of the identified dimensions in Montevideo, Uruguay.DesignCross-sectional survey with a representative sample of urban households. Household food insecurity was measured using the ELCSA. The percentage of respondents who gave affirmative responses for each of the items of the ELCSA was determined. Exploratory factor analysis was carried out to determine the ELCSA’s factor structure. A probit model was used to determine the impact of some individual and household sociodemographic characteristics on the identified dimensions of food insecurity.SettingMetropolitan area centred on Montevideo, the capital city of Uruguay, April–September 2014.SubjectsAdults aged between 18 and 93 years (n742).ResultsThe percentage of affirmative responses to the items of the ELCSA ranged from 4·4 to 31·7 %. Two factors were identified in the exploratory factor analysis performed on data from households without children under 18 years old, whereas three factors were identified for households with children. The identified factors were associated with different severity levels of food insecurity. Likelihood of experiencing different levels of food insecurity was affected by individual characteristics of the respondent as well as characteristics of the household.ConclusionsThe influence of sociodemographic variables varied among the ELCSA dimensions. Household income had the largest influence on all dimensions, which indicates a strong relationship between income and food insecurity.
TRIAL AND ERROR MATHEMATICS II: DIALECTICAL SETS AND QUASIDIALECTICAL SETS, THEIR DEGREES, AND THEIR DISTRIBUTION WITHIN THE CLASS OF LIMIT SETS
Authors: AMIDEI JACOPO , PIANIGIANI DUCCIO , MAURO LUCA SAN , SORBI ANDREA 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis paper is a continuation of Amidei, Pianigiani, San Mauro, Simi, & Sorbi (2016), where we have introduced the quasidialectical systems, which are abstract deductive systems designed to provide, in line with Lakatos’ views, a formalization of trial and error mathematics more adherent to the real mathematical practice of revision than Magari’s original dialectical systems. In this paper we prove that the two models of deductive systems (dialectical systems and quasidialectical systems) have in some sense the same information content, in that they represent two classes of sets (the dialectical sets and the quasidialectical sets, respectively), which have the same Turing degrees (namely, the computably enumerable Turing degrees), and the same enumeration degrees (namely, the ${\rm{\Pi }}_1^0$ enumeration degrees). Nonetheless, dialectical sets and quasidialectical sets do not coincide. Even restricting our attention to the so-called loopless quasidialectical sets, we show that the quasidialectical sets properly extend the dialectical sets. As both classes consist of ${\rm{\Delta }}_2^0$ sets, the extent to which the two classes differ is conveniently measured using the Ershov hierarchy: indeed, the dialectical sets are ω-computably enumerable (close inspection also shows that there are dialectical sets which do not lie in any finite level; and in every finite level n ≥ 2 of the Ershov hierarchy there is a dialectical set which does not lie in the previous level); on the other hand, the quasidialectical sets spread out throughout all classes of the hierarchy (close inspection shows that for every ordinal notation a of a nonzero computable ordinal, there is a quasidialectical set lying in ${\rm{\Sigma }}_a^{ - 1}$, but in none of the preceding levels).
Taxonomy of the archosaurOrnithosuchus: reassessingOrnithosuchus woodwardiNewton, 1894 andDasygnathoides longidens(Huxley 1877)
Authors: von Baczko M. Belén , Ezcurra Martín D. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTThe pseudosuchian archosaurOrnithosuchus, from the Lossiemouth Sandstone Formation (Late Triassic), Scotland, was the first ornithosuchid to be discovered, and the only one recorded, in the northern hemisphere. The fossil record of“Ornithosuchus longidens”is mainly based on natural moulds and, in a few cases, three-dimensional bony elements, complicating the interpretation of its anatomy. The taxonomy of this species has changed several times since the late 1800s and here we revisit its current status. The synonymy of“Dasygnathoides longidens”andOrnithosuchus woodwardiproposed by Walker (1964) is rejected, based on new interpretations of the holotype and referred specimens of“Dasygnathoides longidens”. The latter species is considered as anomen dubium, because it lacks diagnostic features and cannot be identified beyond Pseudosuchia. As a result,Ornithosuchus woodwardiis resurrected as a valid species and its diagnosis is emended. The body size range ofOrnithosuchus woodwardiis reduced to about a half, because ELGNM 1, previously considered the largest specimen of the genus, can no longer be referred to it.“Dasygnathoides longidens”cannot be assigned to any of the known archosauriforms from the Lossiemouth Sandstone Formation, but it still represents the largest predator currently known for its fauna.
Arsenic-induced instrumental genes of apoptotic signal amplification in death-survival interplay
Authors: Roy Sonali , Narzary Bardwi , Ray Atish , Bordoloi Manobjyoti 
Published: October 2016

AbstractArsenic is a global health concern at present and it is well reported for causing systemic toxicity. It is also well known for generation of free radical and inducing apoptosis in different cell types. Paradoxically arsenic is reported to be a susceptible carcinogen as well. There are several reports demonstrating diverse mechanism of apoptosis in different cell types. However, the universal scenario of instrumental genes and their interaction leading to amplification of apoptotic signal are yet to be completely uncovered, which is predicted here. Conventional studies on signaling pathway aided by time and concentration kinetics data are inadequate for prediction of anchored genes for apoptotic signal amplification. Therefore, expression profile-based approach is adopted. Core apoptosis related and glutathione metabolism genes in 1 and 10 μM of arsenic-treated HepG2 cells were analyzed after 12 h of incubation. An arsenic treatment of 1 μM exhibits no cell death at 12 h, whereas 10 μM arsenic treatment reveals around 50% cell death at 12 h. Results depict 28 and 44 affected genes in 1 and 10 μM arsenic-treated cells, respectively. Early initiation of apoptotic signaling is detected in no cell death regimens (at 1 μM), whereas amplified apoptotic signal is demonstrated at 50% cell death regimens (at 10 μM). Instrumental genes involved in progression of apoptosis in the concourse of cell death and survival is designated from the responsive genes common to both the condition. We predict the initiation process is fairly aided by the activation of intrinsic pathway, which is amplified via TNF signaling and extrinsic pathway. Furthermore, regulatory genes involved in interplay between apoptosis/anti-apoptosis and their interactions are demonstrated here.
Stereotypic wheel running decreases cortical activity in mice
Authors: Fisher Simon P. , Cui Nanyi , McKillop Laura E. , Gemignani Jessica , Bannerman David M. , Oliver Peter L. , Peirson Stuart N. , Vyazovskiy Vladyslav V. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractProlonged wakefulness is thought to gradually increase ‘sleep need’ and influence subsequent sleep duration and intensity, but the role of specific waking behaviours remains unclear. Here we report the effect of voluntary wheel running during wakefulness on neuronal activity in the motor and somatosensory cortex in mice. We find that stereotypic wheel running is associated with a substantial reduction in firing rates among a large subpopulation of cortical neurons, especially at high speeds. Wheel running also has longer-term effects on spiking activity across periods of wakefulness. Specifically, cortical firing rates are significantly higher towards the end of a spontaneous prolonged waking period. However, this increase is abolished when wakefulness is dominated by running wheel activity. These findings indicate that wake-related changes in firing rates are determined not only by wake duration, but also by specific waking behaviours.
Genome scans for divergent selection in natural populations of the widespread hardwood species Eucalyptus grandis (Myrtaceae) using microsatellites
Authors: Song Zhijiao , Zhang Miaomiao , Li Fagen , Weng Qijie , Zhou Chanpin , Li Mei , Li Jie , Huang Huanhua , Mo Xiaoyong , Gan Siming 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIdentification of loci or genes under natural selection is important for both understanding the genetic basis of local adaptation and practical applications, and genome scans provide a powerful means for such identification purposes. In this study, genome-wide simple sequence repeats markers (SSRs) were used to scan for molecular footprints of divergent selection in Eucalyptus grandis, a hardwood species occurring widely in costal areas from 32° S to 16° S in Australia. High population diversity levels and weak population structure were detected with putatively neutral genomic SSRs. Using three FST outlier detection methods, a total of 58 outlying SSRs were collectively identified as loci under divergent selection against three non-correlated climatic variables, namely, mean annual temperature, isothermality and annual precipitation. Using a spatial analysis method, nine significant associations were revealed between FST outlier allele frequencies and climatic variables, involving seven alleles from five SSR loci. Of the five significant SSRs, two (EUCeSSR1044 and Embra394) contained alleles of putative genes with known functional importance for response to climatic factors. Our study presents critical information on the population diversity and structure of the important woody species E. grandis and provides insight into the adaptive responses of perennial trees to climatic variations.
Fluorescence-based characterization of non-fluorescent transient states of tryptophan – prospects for protein conformation and interaction studies
Authors: Hevekerl Heike , Tornmalm Johan , Widengren Jerker 
Published: October 2016

AbstractTryptophan fluorescence is extensively used for label-free protein characterization. Here, we show that by analyzing how the average tryptophan fluorescence intensity varies with excitation modulation, kinetics of tryptophan dark transient states can be determined in a simple, robust and reliable manner. Thereby, highly environment-, protein conformation- and interaction-sensitive information can be recorded, inaccessible via traditional protein fluorescence readouts. For verification, tryptophan transient state kinetics were determined under different environmental conditions, and compared to literature data. Conformational changes in a spider silk protein were monitored via the triplet state kinetics of its tryptophan residues, reflecting their exposure to an air-saturated aqueous solution. Moreover, tryptophan fluorescence anti-bunching was discovered, reflecting local pH and buffer conditions, previously observed only by ultrasensitive measurements in highly fluorescent photo-acids. Taken together, the presented approach, broadly applicable under biologically relevant conditions, has the potential to become a standard biophysical approach for protein conformation, interaction and microenvironment studies.
Exocrine pancreatic function in children with Alagille syndrome
Authors: Gliwicz Dorota , Jankowska Irena , Wierzbicka Aldona , Miśkiewicz-Chotnicka Anna , Lisowska Aleksandra , Walkowiak Jarosław 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAlagille syndrome (AGS) is often associated with symptoms of maldigestion, such as steatorrhea, hypotrophy and growth retardation. Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency was proposed as the underlying cause. We aimed to assess the exocrine pancreatic function with the use of different methods in AGS patients. Concentrations of fecal elastase-1 (FE1) and fecal lipase (FL) activities were measured in 33 children with AGS. The C-mixed triglyceride breath test (MTBT) in a subgroup comprising 15 patients. In all patients studied, FE1 concentrations and FL activities were normal. Abnormal MTBT results were documented in 4 (26.7%) patients. The FE1 and FL levels in MTBT-positive and MTBT-negative children did not differ. The results of this research do not confirm the presence of exocrine pancreatic dysfunction in AGS patients. Routine screening for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency of this group of patients is not necessary.
Dynamic Phosphoproteome Analysis of Seedling Leaves in Brachypodium distachyon L. Reveals Central Phosphorylated Proteins Involved in the Drought Stress Response
Authors: Yuan Lin-Lin , Zhang Ming , Yan Xing , Bian Yan-Wei , Zhen Shou-Min , Yan Yue-Ming 
Published: October 2016

AbstractDrought stress is a major abiotic stress affecting plant growth and development. In this study, we performed the first dynamic phosphoproteome analysis ofBrachypodium distachyonL. seedling leaves under drought stress for different times. A total of 4924 phosphopeptides, contained 6362 phosphosites belonging to 2748 phosphoproteins. Rigorous standards were imposed to screen 484 phosphorylation sites, representing 442 unique phosphoproteins. Comparative analyses revealed significant changes in phosphorylation levels at 0, 6, and 24 h under drought stress. The most phosphorylated proteins and the highest phosphorylation level occurred at 6 h. Venn analysis showed that the up-regulated phosphopeptides at 6 h were almost two-fold those at 24 h. Motif-X analysis identified the six motifs: [sP], [Rxxs], [LxRxxs], [sxD], [sF], and [TP], among which [LxRxxs] was also previously identified inB. distachyon. Results from molecular function and protein-protein interaction analyses suggested that phosphoproteins mainly participate in signal transduction, gene expression, drought response and defense, photosynthesis and energy metabolism, and material transmembrane transport. These phosphoproteins, which showed significant changes in phosphorylation levels, play important roles in signal transduction and material transmembrane transport in response to drought conditions. Our results provide new insights into the molecular mechanism of this plant’s abiotic stress response through phosphorylation modification.
Prospective study of serum B vitamins levels and oesophageal and gastric cancers in China
Authors: Ren Jiansong , Murphy Gwen , Fan Jinhu , Dawsey Sanford M. , Taylor Philip R. , Selhub Jacob , Qiao Youlin , Abnet Christian C. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractB vitamins play an essential role in DNA synthesis and methylation, and may protect against oesophageal and gastric cancers. In this case-cohort study, subjects were enrolled from the General Population Nutrition Intervention Trial in Linxian, China. Subjects included 498 oesophageal squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs), 255 gastric cardia adenocarcinomas (GCAs), and an age- and sex-matched sub-cohort of 947 individuals. Baseline serum riboflavin, pyridoxal phosphate (PLP), folate, vitamin B12, and flavin mononucleotide (FMN) were measured for all subjects. We estimated the associations with Cox proportional hazard models, with adjustment for potential confounders. Compared to those in the lowest quartile of serum riboflavin, those in the highest had a 44% lower risk of OSCC (HR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.41 to 0.75). Serum vitamin B12 as a continuous variable was observed to be significantly inversely associated with OSCC (HR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.89 to 1.01, P for score test = 0.041). Higher serum FMN levels were significantly associated with increased risk of OSCC (HR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.16) and GCA (HR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.00 to 1.20). Our study prompted that B vitamins have the potential role as chemopreventive agents for upper gastrointestinal cancers.