bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Das Unsichtbare sichtbar machen: Smartphones als Wärmebildkamera
Authors: Molz Alexander , Kuhn Jochen , Wilhelm Thomas 
Published: September 2016

AbstractDurch den externen Sensor FLIR One in Verbindung mit der gleichnamigen App können Smartphones auch als Wärmebildkamera eingesetzt werden. Dadurch werden Dinge sichtbar, die dem menschlichen Auge ansonsten verborgen bleiben.
Competing fragmentation processes of β‐substituted propanoate ions upon collision‐induced dissociation
Authors: LeBlanc Luc M. , Powers Sean W. , Grossert J. Stuart , White Robert L. 
Published: September 2016

RationaleWhen subjected to collisional activation, gas‐phase carboxylate ions typically undergo decarboxylation. However, alternative fragmentation processes dominate when the carboxylate group is located within certain structural motifs. In this work, the fragmentation processes of β‐substituted carboxylate ions are characterized to improve correlations between reactivity and structure.MethodsMass spectra were collected using both ion trap and triple quadrupole mass spectrometers operating in the negative ion mode; collision‐induced dissociation (CID) of ions was used to study the relationship between product ions and the structures of their precursor ions. Quantum mechanical computations were performed on a full range of reaction geometries at the MP2/6‐311++G(2d,p)//B3LYP/6‐31++G(2d,p) level of theory.ResultsFor a series of β‐substituted carboxylate ions, a product ion corresponding to the anion of the β‐substituent was obtained upon CID. Detailed computations indicated that decarboxylative elimination and at least one other fragmentation mechanism had feasible energetics for the formation of substituent anions differing in their gas‐phase basicities. Predicted energetics for anti‐ and synperiplanar alignments in the transition structures for decarboxylative elimination correlated with the positions of crossover points in breakdown curves acquired for conformationally constrained ions.ConclusionsThe feasibility of more than one mechanism was established for the fragmentation of β‐substituted propanoates. The contribution of each mechanistic pathway to the formation of the substituent anion was influenced by structural variations and conformational constraints, but mostly depended on the nature of the substituent. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Magnesium isotopic homogeneity of San Carlos olivine: a potential standard for Mg isotopic analysis by multi‐collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Authors: Hu Yan , Harrington Melissa D. , Sun Yang , Yang Zhe , Konter Jasper , Teng Fang‐Zhen 
Published: September 2016

RationalePrevious analyses on San Carlos olivine from Arizona (USA) have shown inter‐laboratory δ26Mg differences of up to 0.67‰, while mantle olivine samples worldwide are homogeneous at a current analytical uncertainty of ~0.1‰. The differing measurements on San Carlos olivine may be attributable to analytical artifacts or sample heterogeneity. The latter must be ruled out before using it as a standard for Mg isotopic analysis.MethodsTo examine sample homogeneity, two different batches of San Carlos olivine from a lherzolite and four batches from a harzburgite have been analyzed together with coexisting harzburgitic pyroxene. In addition, the effect of acid purity on resin performance and the reusability of AG50W‐X8 resin for Mg separation have been evaluated by processing another batch of lherzolitic San Carlos olivine and Hawaiian seawater through both new and used resins cleaned with different acids.ResultsSix different batches of olivine grains from two San Carlos peridotite xenoliths show homogeneous δ26Mg values to within 0.03‰, and all the mineral phases in the harzburgite are in Mg isotope equilibrium. Furthermore, there is no resolvable δ26Mg shift in either lherzolitic San Carlos olivine or Hawaiian seawater by using either new or used resins that were cleaned with single‐distilled or double‐distilled acids.ConclusionsThe new data are consistent with the narrow δ26Mg range of mantle olivine worldwide, while they stand in contrast to the wide range measured on the same San Carlos olivine powder in different laboratories. Therefore, previous inter‐laboratory discrepancies reflect analytical artifacts instead of sample heterogeneity, and San Carlos olivine is a suitable standard for Mg isotopic analysis. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Implementing informative priors for heterogeneity in meta‐analysis using meta‐regression and pseudo data
Authors: Rhodes Kirsty M. , Turner Rebecca M. , White Ian R. , Jackson Dan , Spiegelhalter David J. , Higgins Julian P. T. 
Published: September 2016

Many meta‐analyses combine results from only a small number of studies, a situation in which the between‐study variance is imprecisely estimated when standard methods are applied. Bayesian meta‐analysis allows incorporation of external evidence on heterogeneity, providing the potential for more robust inference on the effect size of interest. We present a method for performing Bayesian meta‐analysis using data augmentation, in which we represent an informative conjugate prior for between‐study variance by pseudo data and use meta‐regression for estimation. To assist in this, we derive predictive inverse‐gamma distributions for the between‐study variance expected in future meta‐analyses. These may serve as priors for heterogeneity in new meta‐analyses. In a simulation study, we compare approximate Bayesian methods using meta‐regression and pseudo data against fully Bayesian approaches based on importance sampling techniques and Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). We compare the frequentist properties of these Bayesian methods with those of the commonly used frequentist DerSimonian and Laird procedure. The method is implemented in standard statistical software and provides a less complex alternative to standard MCMC approaches. An importance sampling approach produces almost identical results to standard MCMC approaches, and results obtained through meta‐regression and pseudo data are very similar. On average, data augmentation provides closer results to MCMC, if implemented using restricted maximum likelihood estimation rather than DerSimonian and Laird or maximum likelihood estimation. The methods are applied to real datasets, and an extension to network meta‐analysis is described. The proposed method facilitates Bayesian meta‐analysis in a way that is accessible to applied researchers. © 2016 The Authors. Statistics in Medicine Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Mesoscale to microscale wind farm flow modeling and evaluation
Authors: Sanz Rodrigo Javier , Chávez Arroyo Roberto Aurelio , Moriarty Patrick , Churchfield Matthew , Kosović Branko , Réthoré Pierre‐Elouan , Hansen Kurt Schaldemose , Hahmann Andrea , Mirocha Jeffrey D. , Rife Daran 
Published: September 2016

The increasing size of wind turbines, with rotors already spanning more than 150 m diameter and hub heights above 100 m, requires proper modeling of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) from the surface to the free atmosphere. Furthermore, large wind farm arrays create their own boundary layer structure with unique physics. This poses significant challenges to traditional wind engineering models that rely on surface‐layer theories and engineering wind farm models to simulate the flow in and around wind farms. However, adopting an ABL approach offers the opportunity to better integrate wind farm design tools and meteorological models. The challenge is how to build the bridge between atmospheric and wind engineering model communities and how to establish a comprehensive evaluation process that identifies relevant physical phenomena for wind energy applications with modeling and experimental requirements. A framework for model verification, validation, and uncertainty quantification is established to guide this process by a systematic evaluation of the modeling system at increasing levels of complexity. In terms of atmospheric physics, ‘building the bridge’ means developing models for the so‐called ‘terra incognita,’ a term used to designate the turbulent scales that transition from mesoscale to microscale. This range of scales within atmospheric research deals with the transition from parameterized to resolved turbulence and the improvement of surface boundary‐layer parameterizations. The coupling of meteorological and wind engineering flow models and the definition of a formal model evaluation methodology, is a strong area of research for the next generation of wind conditions assessment and wind farm and wind turbine design tools. Some fundamental challenges are identified in order to guide future research in this area. WIREs Energy Environ 2017, 6:e214. doi: 10.1002/wene.214This article is categorized under:

Wind Power > Climate and Environment
Energy and Climate > Climate and Environment
Energy Policy and Planning > Climate and Environment
Histone deacetylase inhibition is cytotoxic to oligodendrocyte precursor cells in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Dincman Toros A. , Beare Jason E. , Ohri Sujata Saraswat , Gallo Vittorio , Hetman Michal , Whittemore Scott R. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractHistone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition mediated by small molecule HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) has demonstrated divergent effects including toxicity towards transformed cell lines, neuroprotection in neurological disease models, and inhibition of oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) differentiation to mature oligodendrocytes (OL). However, it remains unknown if transient HDAC inhibition may promote OPC survival. Using mouse cortical OPC primary cultures, we investigated the effects of the FDA approved pan‐HDACi suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) on OPC survival. Initial studies showed differences in the HDAC expression pattern of multiple HDAC isoforms in OPCs relative to their terminally differentiated progeny cells, OLs and astrocytes. Treatment of OPCs with SAHA for up to 72 h using a maximum concentration either at or lower than those necessary for cytotoxicity in most transformed cell lines resulted in over 67% reduction in viability relative to vehicle‐treated OPCs. This was at least partly due to increased apoptosis as SAHA‐treated cells displayed activated caspase 3 and were protected by the general caspase inhibitor Q‐VD‐OPH. Additionally, SAHA treatment of whole mice at postnatal day 5 induced apoptosis of cortical OPCs. These results suggest that SAHA negatively impacts OPC survival and may be detrimental to the myelinating brain and spinal cord. Such toxicity may be relevant in a clinical context as SAHA is currently involved in numerous clinical trials and is in consideration for use in the treatment of psychiatric and neurodegenerative conditions.
Evaluation of a ketamine‐based anesthesia package for use in emergency cesarean delivery or emergency laparotomy when no anesthetist is available
Authors: Burke Thomas F. , Nelson Brett D. , Kandler Taylor , Altawil Zaid , Rogo Khama , Imbamba Javan , Odenyo Stella , Pinder Leeya , Lozo Svjetlana , Guha Moytrayee , Eckardt Melody J. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the safety of a ketamine‐based rescue anesthesia package to support emergency cesarean delivery and emergency laparotomy when no anesthetist was available.MethodsA prospective case‐series study was conducted at seven sub‐county hospitals in western Kenya between December 10, 2013, and January 20, 2016. Non‐anesthetist clinicians underwent 5 days of training in the Every Second Matters–Ketamine (ESM‐Ketamine) program. A database captured preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative details of all surgeries in which ESM‐Ketamine was used. The primary outcome measure was the ability of ESM‐Ketamine to safely support emergency operative procedures.ResultsNon‐anesthetist providers trained on ESM‐Ketamine supported 83 emergency cesarean deliveries and 26 emergency laparotomies. Ketamine was administered by 10 nurse‐midwives and six clinical officers. Brief oxygen desaturations (< 92% for < 30 s) were recorded among 5 (4.6%) of the 109 patients. Hallucinations occurred among 9 (8.3%) patients. No serious adverse events related to the use of ESM‐Ketamine were recorded.ConclusionThe ESM‐Ketamine package can be safely used by trained non‐anesthetist providers to support emergency cesarean delivery and emergency laparotomy when no anesthetist is available.
LIQUID PRESERVATION OF CUCURBIT SEEDS AT AMBIENT TEMPERATURE
Authors: PANDEY DAYA K. 
Published: September 2016

SUMMARYLow-cost methods for enhancement of seed longevity may facilitate biodiversity conservation especially in resource constrained situations. Longevity of 13 cucurbitaceous seed lots belonging to 12 species with mean moisture contents 9.3±0.7% was studied in hermetic storage (HS) and in a liquid consisting of 20% (w/w) CaCl2 in glycerol, following seed to preservative ratio of 1:1 (v/v), at ambient temperature for 24 years. The liquid preservative (LP) was not absorbed by the seeds over the storage period and was harmless to them, drying seeds to about 5% of moisture and maintaining them at this state throughout the storage period. The seeds lost viability in HS in 3.8±0.4 years, while in LP viability was lost in 14–16 years in eight species and the seeds were still viable in five species after 24 years. LP-preserved seeds and also fresh seeds of three species were planted under field conditions. The results validated the use of LP in seed storage for 24 years. The liquid preservation extended longevity of the cucurbit seeds at ambient temperature by drying them and probably maintaining them in oxygen-free environment.
Familien mit psychisch kranken Eltern
Authors: Locher Seraina , Hefti Stephanie , Di Gallo Alain , Roth Binia , Schmid Marc 
Published: September 2016

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Eine psychische Erkrankung eines Elternteils sowie eine niedrige Paarzufriedenheit der Eltern sind psychosoziale Risikofaktoren für eine gesunde kindliche Entwicklung. Diese psychosozialen Risikofaktoren treten in Familien häufig gleichzeitig auf und akkumulieren sich. Fragestellung: In einer Stichprobe mit einem psychisch kranken Elternteil (N = 63) und in einer nicht-klinischen Vergleichsstichprobe (N = 342) wurden die Zusammenhänge zwischen der Paarzufriedenheit und der psychischen Belastung der Eltern und den Verhaltens- und Bindungsauffälligkeiten des Kindes untersucht. Methode: Die Paarzufriedenheit (Quality of Marriage Index QMI) und die psychische Belastung der Eltern (Brief Symptom Inventory BSI) wurden im Selbsturteil erhoben. Die Verhaltens- und Bindungsauffälligkeiten des Kindes (Child Behavior Checklist CBCL/4 – 18, Relationship Problems Questionnaire RPQ) wurden durch einen Elternteil beurteilt. Ergebnisse: Psychisch kranke Eltern wiesen eine deutlich niedrigere Paarzufriedenheit auf als Eltern aus der nicht-klinischen Vergleichsstichprobe. Die Paarzufriedenheit der Eltern hing in beiden Stichproben signifikant mit den Verhaltensauffälligkeiten des Kindes zusammen. Dieser Zusammenhang verschwand, wenn die elterliche psychische Belastung als Kontrollvariable berücksichtigt wurde. Zwischen der Paarzufriedenheit der Eltern und den Bindungsauffälligkeiten des Kindes bestand in beiden Stichproben kein Zusammenhang. Die Paarzufriedenheit der Eltern wirkte nicht als Mediator zwischen der psychischen Belastung der Eltern und den Verhaltens- und Bindungsauffälligkeiten des Kindes. Schlussfolgerung: In der Behandlung psychisch kranker Eltern sollten gezielte familienzentrierte Interventionen frühzeitig berücksichtigt werden.
Impact of loss of BH3-only proteins on the development and treatment of MLL-fusion gene-driven AML in mice
Authors: Bilardi Rebecca A , Anstee Natasha S , Glaser Stefan P , Robati Mikara , Vandenberg Cassandra J , Cory Suzanne 
Published: September 2016

AbstractInhibition of the apoptosis pathway controlled by opposing members of the Bcl-2 protein family plays a central role in cancer development and resistance to therapy. To investigate how pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 homology domain 3 (BH3)-only proteins impact on acute myeloid leukemia (AML), we generated mixed lineage leukemia (MLL)-AF9 and MLL-ENL AMLs from BH3-only gene knockout mice. Disease development was not accelerated by loss of Bim, Puma, Noxa, Bmf, or combinations thereof; hence these BH3-only proteins are apparently ineffectual as tumor suppressors in this model. We tested the sensitivity of MLL-AF9 AMLs of each genotype in vitro to standard chemotherapeutic drugs and to the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib, with or without the BH3 mimetic ABT-737. Loss of Puma and/or Noxa increased resistance to cytarabine, daunorubicin and etoposide, while loss of Bim protected against cytarabine and loss of Bmf had no impact. ABT-737 increased sensitivity to the genotoxic drugs but was not dependent on any BH3-only protein tested. The AML lines were very sensitive to bortezomib and loss of Noxa conveyed significant resistance. In vivo, several MLL-AF9 AMLs responded well to daunorubicin and this response was highly dependent on Puma and Noxa but not Bim. Combination therapy with ABT-737 provided little added benefit at the daunorubicin dose trialed. Bortezomib also extended survival of AML-bearing mice, albeit less than daunorubicin. In summary, our genetic studies reveal the importance of Puma and Noxa for the action of genotoxics currently used to treat MLL-driven AML and suggest that, while addition of ABT-737-like BH3 mimetics might enhance their efficacy, new Noxa-like BH3 mimetics targeting Mcl-1 might have greater potential.
Overexpression of JARID1B promotes differentiation via SHIP1/AKT signaling in human hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Jisheng , An Xiaofei , Han Yafei , Ma Rui , Yang Kun , Zhang Lu , Chi Jingwei , Li Wei , Llobet-Navas David , Xu Yan , Jiang Yan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractHistone H3 (H3K4) demethylase JARID1B is aberrantly upregulated in many types of tumor and has been proposed to function as oncogene. Here we show that JARID1B is elevated in moderate and high-differentiated human hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPSCC) compared with low-differentiated HPSCC. Overexpression of JARID1B in FaDu cells increased epithelial differentiation marker K10 expression and inhibited cell proliferation. JARID1B and K10 mRNA expression is high correlated in HPSCC patients. Mechanistically, we found JARID1B directly bound to PI3K/AKT signaling inhibitor SHIP1 gene promoter and decreased SHIP1 gene expression. Activation of downstream AKT resulted in increased β-catenin signaling, by which promoted target genes Fra-1 and Jun, together with other AP-1 transcription factors, leading to K10 expression. Forced expression of SHIP1 rescued JARID1B-induced phenotypes on FaDu cell differentiation and proliferation. Taken together, our findings provide first evidence that elevated expression of JARID1B has a critical role in promoting HPSCC differentiation and inhibiting proliferation, suggesting JARID1B may function as a tumor suppressor in squamous cell cancers and implying a novel important therapeutic strategy of HPSCC.
Automated assembly of oligosaccharides containing multiple cis-glycosidic linkages
Authors: Hahm Heung Sik , Hurevich Mattan , Seeberger Peter H 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAutomated glycan assembly (AGA) has advanced from a concept to a commercial technology that rapidly provides access to diverse oligosaccharide chains as long as 30-mers. To date, AGA was mainly employed to incorporate trans-glycosidic linkages, where C2 participating protecting groups ensure stereoselective couplings. Stereocontrol during the installation of cis-glycosidic linkages cannot rely on C2-participation and anomeric mixtures are typically formed. Here, we demonstrate that oligosaccharides containing multiple cis-glycosidic linkages can be prepared efficiently by AGA using monosaccharide building blocks equipped with remote participating protecting groups. The concept is illustrated by the automated syntheses of biologically relevant oligosaccharides bearing various cis-galactosidic and cis-glucosidic linkages. This work provides further proof that AGA facilitates the synthesis of complex oligosaccharides with multiple cis-linkages and other biologically important oligosaccharides.
Identification of KasA as the cellular target of an anti-tubercular scaffold
Authors: Abrahams Katherine A. , Chung Chun-wa , Ghidelli-Disse Sonja , Rullas Joaquín , Rebollo-López María José , Gurcha Sudagar S. , Cox Jonathan A. G. , Mendoza Alfonso , Jiménez-Navarro Elena , Martínez-Martínez María Santos , Neu Margarete , Shillings Anthony , Homes Paul , Argyrou Argyrides , Casanueva Ruth , Loman Nicholas J. , Moynihan Patrick J. , Lelièvre Joël , Selenski Carolyn , Axtman Matthew , Kremer Laurent , Bantscheff Marcus , Angulo-Barturen Iñigo , Izquierdo Mónica Cacho , Cammack Nicholas C. , Drewes Gerard , Ballell Lluis , Barros David , Besra Gurdyal S. , Bates Robert H. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPhenotypic screens for bactericidal compounds are starting to yield promising hits against tuberculosis. In this regard, whole-genome sequencing of spontaneous resistant mutants generated against an indazole sulfonamide (GSK3011724A) identifies several specific single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the essential Mycobacterium tuberculosis β-ketoacyl synthase (kas) A gene. Here, this genomic-based target assignment is confirmed by biochemical assays, chemical proteomics and structural resolution of a KasA-GSK3011724A complex by X-ray crystallography. Finally, M. tuberculosis GSK3011724A-resistant mutants increase the in vitro minimum inhibitory concentration and the in vivo 99% effective dose in mice, establishing in vitro and in vivo target engagement. Surprisingly, the lack of target engagement of the related β-ketoacyl synthases (FabH and KasB) suggests a different mode of inhibition when compared with other Kas inhibitors of fatty acid biosynthesis in bacteria. These results clearly identify KasA as the biological target of GSK3011724A and validate this enzyme for further drug discovery efforts against tuberculosis.
A switchable self-assembling and disassembling chiral system based on a porphyrin-substituted phenylalanine–phenylalanine motif
Authors: Charalambidis Georgios , Georgilis Evangelos , Panda Manas K. , Anson Christopher E. , Powell Annie K. , Doyle Stephen , Moss David , Jochum Tobias , Horton Peter N. , Coles Simon J. , Linares Mathieu , Beljonne David , Naubron Jean-Valère , Conradt Jonas , Kalt Heinz , Mitraki Anna , Coutsolelos Athanassios G. , Balaban Teodor Silviu 
Published: September 2016

AbstractArtificial light-harvesting systems have until now not been able to self-assemble into structures with a large photon capture cross-section that upon a stimulus reversibly can switch into an inactive state. Here we describe a simple and robust FLFL-dipeptide construct to which a meso-tetraphenylporphyrin has been appended and which self-assembles to fibrils, platelets or nanospheres depending on the solvent composition. The fibrils, functioning as quenched antennas, give intense excitonic couplets in the electronic circular dichroism spectra which are mirror imaged if the unnatural FDFD-analogue is used. By slightly increasing the solvent polarity, these light-harvesting fibres disassemble to spherical structures with silent electronic circular dichroism spectra but which fluoresce. Upon further dilution with the nonpolar solvent, the intense Cotton effects are recovered, thus proving a reversible switching. A single crystal X-ray structure shows a head-to-head arrangement of porphyrins that explains both their excitonic coupling and quenched fluorescence.