bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Article
Authors: Abrahamson Maria 
Published: January 2018

Maria Abrahamson: Mundane reasoning about youth and alcohol In a Swedish study on mundane reasoning about alcohol use, based on group discussions with people in different occupational categories, the youth question was considered the most serious alcohol problem by the participants. This article analyses the argumentation around the youth question. An analytical aspect is how the interviewees identify themselves with various so-called subject positions, as consumers, as parents, children or young persons or as monitors-social reformists. The four groups described in this article were people working with music, theatre, art or museums, journalists, social democratic politicians and business people. There were differences between the groups with regard to how they perceived the youth alcohol problem and where they placed the responsibility for its solution. People in the cultural field regarded young people's drinking as a social problem, but placed the responsibility on the individual and private level. The journalists looked upon young people's drinking as a private problem belonging to the family sphere that should be solved on the individual level. The politicans clearly stressed that youth drinking is a social problem. The responsibility for solving it was located with external authorities through mechanisms such as legislation and extensive educational campaigns. The business people moved between different ways of describing the problem and different levels where the solutions could be found. At first they spoke as consumers and emphasised the individual responsibility. In the course of the discussion they gradually stressed more and more that young people's drinking is both a family and a social problem, and they put the responsibility for solutions on external authorities.
Article
Authors: Pedersen Mads Uffe 
Published: January 2018

Mads Uffe Pedersen: In-patient treatment of drug abusers. A gender perspective on treatment course and treatment effects The aim of this article is to discuss whether there are gender differences among drug abusers in treatment when it comes to networking and emotional relations, and how these differences should be taken into account in treatment programmes. The article builds on results from a large-scale investigation into residential treatment of drug addicts in Denmark. 750 drug addicts, referred to 7 different institutions between June 1996 and January 1998, participated in the study; data on 323 of them were collected through interviews or data systems from 6 to 18 months after their finishing the treatment. Substance-abusing women do better than substance-abusing men after finishing drug-free residential treatment. Twice as many women as men stay drug-free without relapse one year after finishing residential treatment. Women establish a different kind of network and create closer and more intimate relations with other people than do men. Earlier investigations have shown that men have more friends than women. This investigation shows that men in drug abuse treatment may know a lot of people, but women know more people with whom they can talk about their problems. Women in this Danish study more frequently carry through a drug-free residential treatment programme at centres where there are no clear-cut physical or rule-based divisions between women and men. Their motive for staying in the treatment is more often than that of men consideration for their close network. However, these two residential treatment variables have only a limited connection with the women's abuse pattern after discharge from the centre. Not least for the female abusers it seems important to allow for close, expressive and verbal relations, not only between women, but in mixed groups. One model could be institutional treatment with possibilities both for single-sex and mixed-sex groups and treatment.
Alcohol policy: Why and roughly how?
Authors: Skog Ole-Jørgen 
Published: January 2018

Ole-Jørgen Skog: Alcohol policy: Why and roughly how? The paper addresses two basic questions: Firstly, are there good reasons for having alcohol control policies – reasons that would be acceptable even from a libertarian point of view? Secondly, if so, at what and whom should these policies be targeted? In the first section, three arguments for restriction on individual freedom with respect to addictive and potentially harmful drugs are briefly discussed. The second section asks how a meaningful policy should be designed – with particular reference to alcohol. Should a preventive policy focus on drunkenness and long-term heavy drinkers, or on drinking in general and the drinking culture as a whole? In the subsequent sections, the second question is pursued. Two main issues are discussed, namely, the ‘preventive paradox’ and the interdependence of individual drinking (i.e., the collectivity of drinking cultures). It is concluded that an efficient prevention policy will inevitably affect the ‘ordinary’ drinkers as well as the ‘abusers’.
Draining the ocean to prevent shark attacks?: The empirical foundation of alcohol policy
Authors: Rehm Jürgen 
Published: January 2018

Jürgen Rehm: Draining the ocean to prevent shark attacks? The empirical foundation of alcohol policy The line of reasoning behind current alcohol policy is examined and related to empirical research on the consequences of alcohol consumption. It is found that current alcohol policy places too much emphasis on both aggregate consumption and chronic disease as the main problems, and availability and access to alcohol as the most important instruments in reducing alcohol-related harm. There is empirical evidence, however, that other forms of harm are equally if not more important in many cases, and that the empirical links between availability and consumption, and between consumption and harm, are not always as important as predicted. Some consequences for alternative alcohol policy strategies for the future are discussed.
Remuneration in the United States and Mexico: Assessing the level of influence on potential clinical research participants about their decision to participate in a clinical trial and the risk of fraud
Authors: Flores-Figueroa Jose , Badillo Ingrid , Botello Gilberto , Pacheco Ursus , Paredes-Paredes Mercedes , McGovern Suzan 
Published: January 2018

Monetary compensation given to study subjects in a clinical trial is an effective tool to increase overall study enrolment, nonetheless it may stimulate some participants to commit fraud and lie about their medical history. A survey-study in 684 Hispanic prospective subjects in Mexico and USA was conducted to evaluate if a high monetary compensation would encourage them to lie about their medical history. Almost half of the subjects considered participating in a clinical trial with no compensation. Younger male individuals were more likely to consider committing fraud in order to receive a relatively high compensation. On the other hand, individuals with either low or high educational backgrounds, as those with higher income, were less likely to consider committing fraud.
Training duration may not be a predisposing factor in potential maladaptations in talent development programmes that promote early specialisation in elite youth soccer
Authors: Brownlee Thomas E , O’Boyle Andy , Morgans Ryland , Morton James P , Erskine Robert M , Drust Barry 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To determine whether training duration is a predisposing factor in potential maladaptations in talent development programmes that promote early specialisation in elite youth soccer. Methods Training times and type of 184 elite soccer players, from the under-9 to under-21 age groups (age 9.4 to 18.4 yrs; stature 1.38 to 1.82 m; body mass 32.2 to 76.2 kg) were recorded. Results Total training time progressively increased between the under-9 (268 ± 25 min/week) and under-14 (477 ± 19 min/week) groups with the majority of training time (96.5 ± 3.9%) consisting of soccer training and matches. Total training time then subsequently reduced from under-14 to under-15 (266 ± 77 min/week) groups, with no differences in training time between under-15 and under-21. Only under-15 to under-21 players completed resistance training; this inclusion coincided with a reduction in soccer training and match play when compared to time spent in these activities for younger groups (73.8 ± 3.2% of total training). Conclusion Data suggest that although the majority of training is focused on technical development, the training duration as a whole is unlikely to contribute to potential maladaptations in talent development programmes in elite youth soccer.
Managing aggression in epilepsy
Authors: Elnazer Hesham Y. , Agrawal Niruj 
Published: January 2018

Behavioural changes associated with epilepsy can be challenging for patients and clinicians. Evidence suggests an association between aggression and epilepsy that involves various neurophysiological and neurochemical disturbances. Anti-epileptics have variable effects on behaviour and cognition that need consideration. Early detection and careful consideration of history, symptomatology and possible common comorbid psychiatric disorders is essential. Appropriate investigations should be considered to aid diagnosis, including electroencephalogram (EEG), video EEG telemetry and brain imaging. Optimising treatment of epilepsy, treatment of psychiatric comorbidities and behavioural management can have a major positive effect on patients' recovery and well-being.Learning Objectives• Understand the epidemiology of aggression in epilepsy• Comprehend the link between anti-epileptics and aggression, including the important role of pharmacodynamics• Be aware of the pharmacological treatments available for managing aggressive behaviour in epilepsy
Integrating religious faith into patient care
Authors: Koenig Harold G. , Al Zaben Faten 
Published: January 2018

SummaryWe examine Foreman's assertion that assessing, addressing and utilising a patient's faith is warranted. After a brief background, we examine when faith-integrated therapy is indicated, the need for training, an example of such a therapy, and what to do when the faith of the therapist conflicts with that of the patient. Also emphasised is the need for a clear definition of terms.
Antipsychotic prescribing of consultant forensic psychiatrists working in different levels of secure care with patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Machin Anna , McCarthy Lucy 
Published: January 2018

Aims and methodTo detect any differences in the antipsychotic prescribing practices of consultant forensic psychiatrists working in different levels of secure care with patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, and to identify potential reasons for any differences. Prescribing data were collected from four secure hospitals within one National Health Service trust. A questionnaire was sent to consultant forensic psychiatrists working at those hospitals as well as those working in the trust's community forensic services.ResultsConsultants working in high security prescribed more oral antipsychotics than consultants working in medium and low security, who prescribed more depot antipsychotics, as established via the prescribing data. The questionnaire provided insight regarding the reasons for these preferences.Clinical implicationsThere were differences in the antipsychotic prescribing practices of consultant forensic psychiatrists working in different levels of secure care, and, overall, the rate of depot antipsychotic prescribing was lower than might be expected. Although it was positive that the rate of polypharmacy was low when compared with earlier studies, the lower-than-expected rate of depot antipsychotic prescribing has clinical implications.
Chinese Anesthesiologists Have High Burnout and Low Job Satisfaction: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Li Hange , Zuo Mingzhang , Gelb Adrian W. , Zhang Biao , Zhao Xiaohui , Yao Dongdong , Xia Di , Huang Yuguang 
Published: January 2018

BACKGROUND:
The Chinese health care system must meet the needs of 19% of the world’s population. Despite recent economic growth, health care resources are unevenly distributed. This creates the potential for job stress and burnout. We therefore conducted a survey among anesthesiologists in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region focusing on job satisfaction and burnout to determine the incidence and associated factors.

METHODS:
A large cross-sectional study was performed in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region of China. The anonymous questionnaire was designed to collect and analyze the following information: (1) demographic characteristics and employer information; (2) job satisfaction assessed by Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire; (3) burnout assessed by Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Service Survey; and (4) sleep pattern and physician–patient communication.

RESULTS:
Surveys were completed and returned from 211 hospitals (response rate 74%) and 2873 anesthesiologists (response rate 70%) during the period of June to August 2015. The overall job satisfaction score of Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire was 65.3 ± 11.5. Among the participants, 69% (95% confidence interval [CI], 67%–71%) met the criteria for burnout. The prevalence of high emotional exhaustion, high depersonalization, and low personal accomplishment was 57% (95% CI, 55%–59%), 49% (95% CI, 47%–51%), and 57% (95% CI, 55%–58%), respectively. Using multivariable logistic regression analysis, we found that age, hospital category, working hours per week, caseload per day, frequency of perceived challenging cases, income, and sleep quality were independent variables associated with burnout. Anesthesiologists with a high level of depersonalization tended to engage in shorter preoperative conversations with patients, provide less information about pain or the procedure, and to have less empathy with them.

CONCLUSIONS:
The anesthesiologists in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region of China expressed a below-average level of job satisfaction, and suffered a significant degree of burnout. Improvement in job satisfaction and burnout might create a positive work climate that could benefit both the quality of patient care and the profession of anesthesiology in China.
Informed by the Goddess: Explicating a processual methodology
Authors: Bacon Jane 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
This is a self-reflexive approach to practice as research in dance and performance that draws on what Jungian Scholar and feminist Susan Rowland calls a ‘Jungian goddess feminism’ which is a kind of ‘experiment in the imagination’. This methodological and feminist approach is based on previous research into ‘authentic movement’. The article sets out a methodological approach and style of writing for practice as research that embraces and reconfigures ‘the Goddess myth’ by embracing subjectivity for its value that is comparable to and yet different from rationality. There are personal reflections, exercises for the reader and a theoretical frame braided throughout the article. Through this Bacon reflects on her doctoral studies to question why the emerging ‘spiritual’ aspects apparent in herself through her engagement with her fieldsite were not explored more deeply. A post-Jungian feminist frame of reference enables both a reconfiguring of essentialist readings of ‘Goddess’ and a theoretical space where spirituality is named, embraced and from which new understandings for practice as research in dance and performance can emerge.
Until the Lions: Amba’s story
Authors: Stevens Jayne 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Amba is a relatively minor character in the Sanskit epic the Mahābhārata. Her story is of a woman, spurned by men, who seeks justice and retribution by engaging in extreme spiritual practices that lead to the intervention of the Hindu deities and her re-birth as a male warrior capable of exacting revenge. In 2016 Amba’s story was re-imagined in poetry by Karthika Nair and in a dance performance by Akram Khan. The title of both works, Until the Lions, is taken from an Igbo proverb, ‘until the lions have their own historians, the history of the hunt will always glorify the hunter’ and encapsulates both artists’ interest in alternative, especially female, perspectives. This article demonstrates how Khan’s Until the Lions embodies tensions and ambiguities at the heart of which is a profound concern with spirituality and gender. In particular it argues that Until the Lions explores the impact of śakti (divine feminine energy) on female/male relationships and on the environment.
Transcendence and glimpses of conversion: In/through the dancing diaspora body
Authors: Daniel Yvonne 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
This article examines the persuasion processes that flow within the splendour of the Diaspora dancing body as it accommodates a shift from the material to the spiritual world during public ceremonies within African Diaspora ritual communities. Embodied spiritual practices penetrate believers and render them converted adepts over time. In presenting the analysis of two dances, one for a female divinity of Cuba (Yemayá) and the other for a male divinity of Cuba, Brazil, Haiti (Ogún, Ogúm and Ogou), this essay tracks the dynamic processes of intensification and transformation that generate transcendence and contribute to conversion.
Elastic-Plastic Calculation of a Dilatation Compensation Component
Authors: Atanasiu Costică , Iliescu Nicolae , Sorohan Ștefan 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Compensators are elastic structures that have the role of taking over the axial displacements that occur in the junction areas of the technological equipment (pipelines or containers) through which the fluids circulate at pressures and high temperatures. These elastic structures, realized in a very wide range of shapes and sizes, are sujected by the inner pressure and an axial force produced by dilatation of structures in which they are mounted. The calculation of the expansion compensators raises many problems caused by the working regimes of the technological equipments they belong to. Following previous studies, undertaken by calculus and experimental, by the authors of this paper, it was found that in operation the state of stress in these elastic structures exceeds the flow limit of the material from which they are manufacturated. For this reason, in the present paper, the authors present the results of a calculus study, by FEM, on the stress and strain state, in the elasto-plastic regime of a leticular compensator. The calculation was made for two loading modes, separately applied and superimposed. The nonlinear mechanical behavior of this compensator is analyzed and discussed comparatively to the results of previous studies performed in elastic regime on the same type of compensator.
Experimental Method for Determining Forces at Bending of Perforated Plates
Authors: Pascu Adrian , Oleksik Mihaela , Avrigean Eugen 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
This paper describes the method of calculating the forces which appear at the bending of perforated plates with holes of different shapes and placed in different patterns, by means of a dynamometric table which uses resistive tensometric transducers (strain gauges). It also describes an instrument for the recording of data from the dynamometric table, a tool created with the aid of the “TestPoint” software which, beneath the data recording, ensures the filtering and statistic processing of data. The obtained results are displayed in comparative graphs for six types of perforated plates, as well as for an unperforated plate.
Appreciation of Triaxiality Influence in Plastic Deformation Accompanying Ductile Rupture
Authors: Coseru Ancuta-Ioana , Zichil Valentin , Lupascu Stefan 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
In this paper, the authors propose a studying method for the deformation that appears before crack of ductile materials using the Lode parameter determined by the numerical calculation applied on simple models, verified in previous studies. In order to highlight the influence of the Lode parameter, the tests were performed at simple but also at compound tests. The necessity of these studies lies in the fact that the acknowledged models (the use of the integral J, the critical stress intensity factor Kc or the CPCD method) do not fully explain the phenomenon of deformation before breaking the elasto-plastic materials. The tests were imagined under the form of sets. Each set of tests was performed on smooth specimens and on specimens with a notch radius of 0.5, 2, 4 and 10 mm. Also, each set of tests was performed for pure tensile and combined tensile-torque test.
Dynamic Light Scattering Signal Conditioning for Data Processing
Authors: Rei Silviu , Chicea Dan , Ilie Beriliu , Olaru Sorin 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
When performing data acquisition for a Dynamic Light Scattering experiment, one of the most important aspect is the filtering and conditioning of the electrical signal. The signal is amplified first and then fed as input for the analog digital convertor. As a result a digital time series is obtained. The frequency spectrum is computed by the logical unit offering the basis for further Dynamic Light Scattering analysis methods. This paper presents a simple setup that can accomplish the signal conditioning and conversion to a digital time series.
Wars of Attrition with Endogenously Determined Budget Constraints
Authors: Foster Joshua 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
This paper models a war of attrition where participants first choose contest investment levels that act as a constraint for how long they can compete. To include a measure of the resource’s transferability to other uses (e.g. other contests), expenditures are a convex combination of investment decisions and their ‘bid’ in the contest. It is shown in the symmetric equilibrium that participants use a mixed strategy for their resource investments and plan to exhaust those resources in the contest. Implications of an investment constraint on equilibrium strategies in a structured, tournament-style sequence of contests are also explored, where it is shown that increasing the number of contests in the tournament does not necessarily increase participants’ investments in expectation. These modifications to the standard model allow for important insights into a variety of pre-calculated and budgeted all-pay contests.