bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐reported reasons for treatment non‐adherence in Chinese asthma patients: A 24‐week prospective telephone follow‐up study
Authors: Ma Qianli , Luo Guangming , Zhou Xiangdong , Huang Ying , Liu Enmei , Hong Xin , Mao Liangping , Wu Yamei , Chen Xumei , Liao Xiuqing , Qin Guangmei , Wang Daoxin , Li Lian , Zhang Shifu , Wang Changzheng 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundTreatment non‐adherence is a challenge to achieve asthma control. However, few prospective studies were done for exploring asthma patient adherence in real world.ObjectivesTo evaluate treatment adherence and causes of non‐adherence in a large asthma Chinese population. To analyze newly‐diagnosed patients' adherence first time.MethodsAbout 1582 asthma patients' data were collected from 12 study centers in China from February, 2012 to October, 2012. Disease and treatment information of subjects were collected were at first clinic visit, at 4, 12, and 24 weeks after that, follow‐up phone calls were carried out for recording subjects' treatment adherence based on their self‐reports. Subjects who reported non‐adherence were additionally asked to choose the primary non‐adherence cause from a list of nine potential causes.ResultsTreatment adherence rate of all subjects markedly decreased from 83.3% at week 4 to 42.0% at week 24 after the first clinic visit. Significantly, at week 24, good treatment adherence rate in newly‐diagnosed patients was lower than those patients with asthma history (22.9% vs. 63.9%, P < .001). Newly‐diagnosed patients were three times more likely to become non‐adherence than those patients with asthma history. Female patients had lower treatment adherence rate than male patients (38.3% vs. 45.6%, P = .006). Subjects in 30‐39 year age group had the worst treatment adherence (27.3%). The most commonly chosen cause for non‐adherence was “relief of symptoms after short‐term controller medication use” (43.8%).ConclusionsAsthma patients' treatment adherence could be improved by improving patient education, doctor/patient partnership, and level of medical service in Chinese population.
Swyer–James–Macleod syndrome mimicking an acute pulmonary embolism: a report of six adult cases and a retrospective analysis
Authors: Akgedik Recep , Karamanli Harun , Aytekin İlknur , Kurt Ali Bekir , Öztürk Hasan , Dağlı Canan Eren 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackground and AimIn patients with pulmonary embolism (PE), a pulmonary radiograph may reveal oligemic fields (the Westermark sign) associated with sites of occlusion of the pulmonary arteries, interruption or loss of the artery line (the knuckle sign), and even unilateral hyperlucency attributable to reduced overall lung vascularity. In Swyer–James–Macleod syndrome (SJMS), which develops as a result of bronchiolitis obliterans, unilateral hyperlucency is evident because of emphysema and hypoplasia of the pulmonary artery and its branches. Therefore, SJMS cases with clinical and laboratory data compatible with PE may in fact be confused with PE. The cases of six adult patients who were initially presumed to have PE but on further investigation were diagnosed with SJMS are presented in this report, which thus can serve as a guide for diagnosis of similar cases in future.MethodsWe studied six adult patients who presented with dyspnea. Their pulmonary radiographs revealed lobar/unilateral hyperlucency and PE was initially suspected. The pulmonary artery and branches thereof exhibited parenchymal emphysema and hypoplasia, and we thus diagnosed SJMS.ResultsWe studied 4 males and 2 females with a mean age of 51 years (range, 20–73 years). Left lung involvement was evident in five cases.ConclusionUnilateral hyperlucency may be a feature of both PE and SJMS. Although these conditions are very different, both present similarly in radiographic terms and may be easily confused when the clinical data and the anamnesis raise a suspicion of PE, causing unnecessary testing and treatment.
Operations Course Icebreaker: Campus Club Cupcakes Exercise
Authors: Snider Brent , Southin Nancy 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTCampus Club Cupcakes is an in‐class ‘introduction to operations management’ experiential learning exercise which can be used within minutes of starting the course. After reading the one‐page mini case, students are encouraged to meet each other and collaborate to determine if making and selling cupcakes to fellow business students would be a viable fundraising activity for a student club interested in completing a community development project in a developing country. The exercise is a variation and extension of the popular Kristen's Cookie Co. Harvard case which addresses capacity and bottlenecks. Campus Club additionally incorporates supply chain management and risk management concepts while also revealing how operations management integrates with the functional areas of marketing, accounting, and finance.
An Active Learning Exercise for Product Design from an Operations Perspective
Authors: Hill Stephen , Baker Elizabeth 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTProduct design is a topic that is regularly covered in introductory operations management courses. However, a pedagogical challenge exists related to the presentation of introductory‐level product design in a way that promotes active learning. The hands‐on exercise presented in this article provides instructors with an activity that gives students an open‐ended opportunity to quickly develop a realistic product from conception to prototype. A unique material is used that allows students the flexibility to freely form a product prototype. A description of the exercise and an assessment of its efficacy in promoting student understanding of product design from an operations perspective are presented. Opportunities for future work are also identified.
Embryonic development of the larval eyes of the Sunburst Diving Beetle, Thermonectus marmoratus (Insecta: Dytiscidae): a morphological study
Authors: Stecher Nadine , Stowasser Annette , Stahl Aaron , Buschbeck Elke K. 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYStemmata, the larval eyes of holometabolous insects are extremely diverse, ranging from full compound eyes, to a few ommatidial units as are typical in compound eyes, to sophisticated and functionally specialized image‐forming camera‐type eyes. Stemmata evolved from a compound eye ommatidial ancestor, an eye type that is morphologically well conserved in regards to cellular composition, and well studied in regards to development. However, despite this evolutionary origin it remains largely unknown how stemmata develop. In addition, it is completely unclear how development is altered to give rise to some of the functionally most complex stemmata, such as those of the sunburst diving beetle, Thermonectus marmoratus. In this study, we used histological methods to investigate the embryonic development of the functionally complex principal stemmata Eye 1 and Eye 2 of the larval visual system of T. marmoratus. To gain insights into how cellular components of their sophisticated camera‐type eyes might have evolved from the cellular components of ommatidial ancestors, we contrast our findings against known features of ommatidia development, which are particularly well understood in Drosophila. We find many similarities, such as the early presence of a pseudostratified epithelium, and the order in which specific cell types are recruited. However, in Thermonectus each cell type is represented by a large number of cells from early on and major tissue re‐orientation occurs as eye development progresses. This study provides insights into the timing of morphological features and represents the basis for future molecular studies.
Juvenile social status predicts primary sex allocation in a sex changing fish
Authors: Solomon‐Lane Tessa K. , Shvidkaya Polina , Thomas Alma , Williams Megan M. , Rhyne Andrew , Rogers Lock , Grober Matthew S. 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYBoth individual sex and population sex ratio can affect lifetime reproductive success. As a result, multiple mechanisms have evolved to regulate sexual phenotype, including adult sex change in fishes. While adult sex change is typically socially regulated, few studies focus on the non‐chromosomal mechanisms regulating primary sex allocation. We investigated primary sex determination in the bluebanded goby (Lythrypnus dalli), a bidirectionally sex‐changing fish. Of the studies investigating primary sex determination in species with adult sex change, this is the first to incorporate the roles of social status and size, key factors for determining adult sex allocation. For L. dalli, adult sex is regulated by social status: dominants are male; subordinates are female. In social groups of laboratory‐reared juveniles, we demonstrate that status also predicts primary sex. Dominant juveniles developed male‐typical genitalia, and their gonads contained significantly less ovarian tissue than subordinates, which developed female‐typical genitalia. To better understand natural development, we quantified the distribution of juveniles and adults on the reef and analyzed genital papilla and gonad morphology in a sample of wild‐caught juveniles. Juveniles were observed in various social environments, and most grouped with other juveniles and/or adults. The majority of field‐caught juveniles had female‐typical genitalia and bisexual, female‐biased gonads. These data are consistent with a single mechanism that regulates sexual phenotype throughout life. Social status could first cause and then maintain through adulthood a female‐biased population, allowing individuals to regulate sex based on local conditions, which is important for optimizing lifetime reproductive success.
A life‐history perspective on the demographic drivers of structured population dynamics in changing environments
Authors: Koons David N. , Iles David T. , Schaub Michael , Caswell Hal 
Published: July 2016

AbstractCurrent understanding of life‐history evolution and how demographic parameters contribute to population dynamics across species is largely based on assumptions of either constant environments or stationary environmental variation. Meanwhile, species are faced with non‐stationary environmental conditions (changing mean, variance, or both) created by climate and landscape change. To close the gap between contemporary reality and demographic theory, we develop a set of transient life table response experiments (LTREs) for decomposing realised population growth rates into contributions from specific vital rates and components of population structure. Using transient LTREs in a theoretical framework, we reveal that established concepts in population biology will require revision because of reliance on approaches that do not address the influence of unstable population structure on population growth and mean fitness. Going forward, transient LTREs will enhance understanding of demography and improve the explanatory power of models used to understand ecological and evolutionary dynamics.
Experimental and numerical analysis of thermal striping in automotive brake discs
Authors: Augustins L. , Hild F. , Billardon R. , Boudevin S. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn the present study, thermal striping development on friction bands of brake discs is investigated through an experimental and numerical analysis. A test consisting of a series of several hundred severe brakings was carried out on a specific bench at PSA Peugeot Citroën. The experimental observations of the crack network evolution and a numerical analysis of a brake disc with a single crack helped to propose a macroscopic criterion capable of predicting the criticality of the network, namely its ability to lead to the complete failure of the structure. In addition, a numerical analysis of the crack shielding process is developed, whose results are compared with experimental findings.
Bloom or bust: synchrony in jellyfish abundance, fish consumption, benthic scavenger abundance, and environmental drivers across a continental shelf
Authors: Smith Brian E. , Ford Michael D. , Link Jason S. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIncreases in gelatinous zooplankton (GZ) populations, their dominance of some ecosystems, their impacts to other taxa, and their questionable trophic value remain global concerns, but they are difficult to quantify. We compared trends in GZ abundance from direct sampling for the northeast U.S. continental shelf and tested their association with GZ consumption by spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias); the abundance of two benthic scavengers: Atlantic hagfish (Myxine glutinosa) and grenadiers (Family: Macrouridae); and four environmental indices: Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, North Atlantic Oscillation, and sea surface and bottom temperatures. Defined as scyphozoans, siphonophores, ctenophores, and salps, the abundance of GZ on the shelf has oscillated with blooms approximately every 10–15 yr. Conservative estimates of annual removal of GZ by spiny dogfish ranged from approximately 0.3–298 g individual−1 with spiny dogfish being the primary GZ feeder sampled on the shelf. The examination of three abundance series for GZ identified one shelf‐wide trend and strong relationships with 2‐yr lagged consumption and scavenger abundance (namely hagfish), and sea surface temperature. With multimodel inference, these covariates led to an optimal model of GZ abundance. Blooms of GZ abundance on this shelf were influenced by environmental change, provide surges of food for spiny dogfish, and may offer ‘food falls’ for scavenging fishes. The bioenergetic tradeoffs of consuming greater amounts of GZ compared to other major prey (e.g., fishes) remain unknown; however, these surges of food in the northwest Atlantic appear to be important for fishes, including support for benthic scavenger productivity.
Humic acid can mitigate the toxicity of small copper oxide nanoparticles to microbial decomposers and leaf decomposition in streams
Authors: Pradhan Arunava , Geraldes Paulo , Seena Sahadevan , Pascoal Cláudia , Cássio Fernanda 
Published: July 2016

Summary

As the use of copper oxide nanoparticles (nanoCuO) in consumer products grows, aquatic ecosystems are likely to receive increasing amounts of these nanomaterials. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) may interact with nanoparticles and reduce their reactive surface area, which, in turn, can influence the impact of nanoCuO on organisms and ecological processes.

We conducted a microcosm experiment to investigate the impacts of three size classes of nanoCuO (12, 50 and 80 nm mean diameter of the primary particles; five levels up to 400 mg L−1) and humic acid (three levels up to 100 mg L−1), as a major component of DOM, on microbial decomposers and leaf decomposition as an important ecosystem process in forest streams.

Exposure to nanoCuO for 20 days reduced decomposition rate and fungal and bacterial biomass, fungal sporulation and spore diversity associated with the decomposing leaves. The effects were stronger as nanoparticle size decreased and the specific surface area increased. More dissolved ionic copper was released from the small nanoparticles, suggesting that Cu2+ could have played a role in the observed size‐dependent toxicity of nanoCuO.

Bacteria appeared to be more sensitive to nanoCuO than fungi since nanoparticles reduced the biomass of bacteria at lower concentrations than that of fungi (EC20 was 22 times lower for small and medium‐sized nanoparticles, and five times lower for large particles). However, fungal sporulation was the variable most sensitive to nanoCuO exposure (EC20 = 0.2 mg L−1 for the small nanoparticles).

Microbial activity on the decomposing leaves was also inhibited by exposure to humic acid alone. However, humic acid also mitigated the adverse effects of the small and medium‐sized nanoCuO on both the microbial decomposers and leaf decomposition.

Overall, our microcosm experiment indicates that nanoCuO toxicity to microbial decomposers and leaf decomposition depends on particle size and the presence of DOM. This highlights the importance of considering environmental context and the specific properties of particles to assess toxicity of nanomaterials in stream ecosystems.
Age‐specific risk factors for incident disability in activities of daily living among middle‐aged and elderly community‐dwelling Japanese women during an 8–9‐year follow up: The Hizen‐Oshima study
Authors: Okabe Takuhiro , Abe Yasuyo , Tomita Yoshihito , Mizukami Satoshi , Kanagae Mitsuo , Arima Kazuhiko , Nishimura Takayuki , Tsujimoto Ritsu , Tanaka Natsumi , Goto Hisashi , Horiguchi Itsuko , Aoyagi Kiyoshi 
Published: July 2016

AimThe purposes of the present study were to investigate risk factors for incident disability in activities of daily living (ADL) among middle‐aged and older women, and to determine whether there are differences in risk factors according to age groups.MethodsThe participants were 264 Japanese women aged 40 years and older. A self‐administered questionnaire was used to survey participants about difficulty in carrying out selected basic and instrumental ADL at baseline and at follow up. ADL disability was defined as difficulty carrying out three or more ADL. Information on knee joint or back pain and comorbidities (heart disease, lung disease, stroke or diabetes mellitus) was obtained using a self‐administered questionnaire at baseline. Physical performance measurements (grip strength, chair stand time, rapid walking speed and functional reach) were also carried out at baseline.ResultsThe prevalence of incident ADL disability was 44 (27.5%) in women aged 40–64 years, and 57 (54.8%) in women aged ≥65 years (P < 0.001). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that decreased grip strength and having pain were significantly associated with a higher risk for incident ADL disability among women aged 40–64 years. For women aged ≥65 years, decreased rapid walking speed, having a comorbidity and having pain were associated with incident ADL disability.ConclusionsThe present study showed that a different set of risk factors was associated with incident ADL disability among women aged 40–64 years and women aged ≥65 years. Age‐specific screening and intervention strategies are necessary for effective prevention of incident ADL disability. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 1096–1101.
Caenorhabditis elegans homologue of Prox1/Prospero is expressed in the glia and is required for sensory behavior and cold tolerance
Authors: Kage‐Nakadai Eriko , Ohta Akane , Ujisawa Tomoyo , Sun Simo , Nishikawa Yoshikazu , Kuhara Atsushi , Mitani Shohei 
Published: July 2016

The Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) amphid sensory organ contains only 4 glia‐like cells and 24 sensory neurons, providing a simple model for analyzing glia or neuron‐glia interactions. To better characterize glial development and function, we carried out RNA interference screening for transcription factors that regulate the expression of an amphid sheath glial cell marker and identified pros‐1, which encodes a homeodomain transcription factor homologous to Drosophila prospero/mammalian Prox1, as a positive regulator. The functional PROS‐1::EGFP fusion protein was localized in the nuclei of the glia and the excretory cell but not in the amphid sensory neurons. pros‐1 deletion mutants exhibited larval lethality, and rescue experiments showed that pros‐1 and human Prox1 transgenes were able to rescue the larval lethal phenotype, suggesting that pros‐1 is a functional homologue of mammalian Prox1, at least partially. We further found that the structure and functions of sensory neurons, such as the morphology of sensory endings, sensory behavior and sensory‐mediated cold tolerance, appeared to be affected by the pros‐1 RNAi. Together, our results show that the C. elegans PROS‐1 is a transcriptional regulator in the glia but is involved not only in sensory behavior but also in sensory‐mediated physiological tolerance.
On the Importance of Gravity in DNAPL Invasion of Saturated Horizontal Fractures
Authors: Cianflone Sean P. L. , Dickson Sarah E. , Mumford Kevin G. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractInvasion percolation (IP) models of dense non‐aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) invasion into saturated horizontal fractures typically neglect viscous and gravity forces, as it is assumed that capillarity dominates in many situations. An IP model simulating DNAPL invasion into saturated horizontal fractures was modified to include gravity as a local effect. The model was optimized using a genetic algorithm, and demonstrated that the inclusion of gravity is important for replicating the architecture of the DNAPL invasion pattern. The optimized gravity‐included simulation showed the DNAPL invasion pattern to be significantly more representative of the experimentally observed pattern (80% accuracy) than did the optimized gravity‐neglected simulation (70% accuracy). Additional simulations of DNAPL invasion in 360 randomly generated fractures were compared with and without gravity forces. These simulations showed that with increasing fracture roughness, the minimum difference between simulations with and without gravity increases to 35% for a standard deviation of the mid‐aperture elevation field (SDz) of 10 mm. Even for low roughness (SDz = 0.1 mm), the difference was as high as 30%. Furthermore, a scaled Bond Number is defined which includes data regarding DNAPL type, media type and statistical characteristics of the fracture. The value of this scaled Bond Number can be used to determine the conditions under which gravity should be considered when simulating DNAPL invasion in a macroscopically horizontal fracture. Finally, a set of equations defining the minimum and maximum absolute percentage difference between gravity‐included and gravity‐neglected simulations is presented based on the fracture and DNAPL characteristics.
A DEA production technology and its usage for incorporation of collaboration in efficiency analysis: an axiomatic approach
Authors: Ghiyasi Mojtaba 
Published: July 2016

AbstractData envelopment analysis (DEA) is a method used to estimate the relative efficiency of decision‐making units (DMUs) that use multiple inputs to produce multiple outputs. A number of different production possibility sets are defined from a dual point of view in the DEA literature; the convex cone, convex hull, free disposal hull, free replicability hull, and free coordination hull, each having different properties. This article introduces a novel DEA production technology that considers the possibility of aggregating units, so it assesses the performance of each unit compared with both individual and aggregated units. Hence, this technology provides a more competitive environment for DMUs to achieve an efficient frontier. On the other hand, possible collaboration between DMUs can be considered using this technology. The strength and practical relevance of the proposed technology is shown in the efficiency analysis of Danish hospitals in a collaborative environment. This yields a bi‐classification of hospitals, namely resistant and nonresistant hospitals. The proposed technology has a general framework, and the associated model is easy to solve using standard DEA software. It follows that the current article could potentially be used in other theoretical and empirical research in the future.