bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mobile Magnetic Nanocatalysts for Bioorthogonal Targeted Cancer Therapy
Authors: Hoop Marcus , Ribeiro Ana Sofia , Rösch Daniel , Weinand Philipp , Mendes Nuno , Mushtaq Fajer , Chen Xiang‐Zhong , Shen Yang , Pujante Carlos Franco , Puigmartí‐Luis Josep , Paredes Joana , Nelson Bradley J. , Pêgo Ana Paula , Pané Salvador 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe use of magnetic nanorobots to activate chemotherapeutic prodrugs represents a promising alternative to current chemotherapeutic treatments. Here, a hybrid nanowire (NW) for targeted bioorthogonally driven activation of the latent chemotherapeutic prodrug 5‐fluoro‐1‐propargyl‐uracil (Pro‐5‐FU) in in vitro and in vivo cancer models is proposed. The NWs are composed of magnetic iron (Fe) and palladium (Pd), a known bioorthogonal catalyst. In vitro tests with a cancer cell line showed no significant cytotoxic effect by the NWs. In contrast, NWs combined with Pro‐5‐FU lead to a significant reduction of cell viability, similarly to the one induced by its active chemotherapeutic counterpart 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU). The reduction in cell viability is attributed to the catalytic activation of Pro‐5‐FU into 5‐FU. To demonstrate their targeted therapeutic abilities, magnetic fields are used to attract the FePd NWs to a predefined area within a cultured cancer cell population, causing a local Pro‐5‐FU activation, and subsequent cell death in this region. As a proof of concept, NWs are injected in cancer tumor xenografts. The intraperitoneal injection of Pro‐5‐FU significantly retards tumour growth without causing significant side effects. This work presents a novel chemotherapeutic approach combining nanorobotics and bioorthogonal activation of prodrugs as an efficient alternative to conventional chemotherapy.
Janus Microdimer Surface Walkers Propelled by Oscillating Magnetic Fields
Authors: Li Tianlong , Zhang Anning , Shao Guangbin , Wei Mengshi , Guo Bin , Zhang Guangyu , Li Longqiu , Wang Wei 
Published: January 2018

AbstractRecent strides in micro‐ and nanofabrication technologies have enabled researchers to design and develop micro‐ and nanoscale robotic systems with enhanced power, functionality, and versatility. Because of their capability of remote actuation and navigation, synthetic micro‐ and nanomotors powered by oscillating magnetic fields have recently gained considerable attention. In this article, a new type of magnetic surface walker that can achieve speeds of up to 18.6 µm s−1 (≈4 body length s−1) in an oscillating magnetic field operated at 25 Hz and ≈2.7 mT is reported. Two magnetic Janus microspheres spontaneously form a microdimer via magnetic dipolar interactions, and this microdimer rolls its two “feet” back and forth in an alternating fashion. In addition to propulsion, the oscillating magnetic field can also precisely steer these surface walkers through complicated structures, and an extensive discussion of their performance in various experimental conditions is provided. The reported propulsion mechanism opens new possibilities for the design of remotely actuated microrobots for a wide range of applications.
Nanomotor‐Based Strategy for Enhanced Penetration across Vasculature Model
Authors: Peng Fei , Men Yongjun , Tu Yingfeng , Chen Yongming , Wilson Daniela A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractHere the first nanomotor‐based strategy is reported to effectively cross tumor vasculature endothelium. The designed nanomotors are based on (poly(ethylene glycol)‐b‐polystyrene and poly(acrylic acid)‐b‐polystyrene) building blocks, which further self‐assemble into polymersomes of tunable sizes (100, 300 nm). The polymersomes are readily loaded with hydrophilic model drug into the aqueous compartment. A catalytic platinum cap is then partially deposited on the surface of the polymersome via electron beam evaporation, resulting in a polymersome Janus nanomotor. In a tumor vasculature model, these cargo‐loaded polymersome nanomotors demonstrate enhanced penetration across the endothelium.
Functionalized Nanoparticles Efficiently Enhancing the Targeted Delivery, Tumor Penetration, and Anticancer Activity of 7‐Ethyl‐10‐Hydroxycamptothecin
Authors: Liu Xun , Si Jingxing , Zhang Qianzhi , Huang Qian , Gu Danxia , Yang Hao , Chen Xu , Shen Youqing , Sui Meihua 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect of tumors is much more complex than initially defined, and it alone is not sufficient for targeted delivery of nanosized agents. Meanwhile, poor tumor penetration is another major challenge for the treatment of solid tumors using nanoparticles. Development of delivery systems for SN38, the active metabolite of CPT‐11 in human and a very potent anticancer molecule, has become an attractive research area. PEGx‐p(HEMASN38)y (x and y are viable), a prodrug synthesized by using polyethylene glycol (PEG) as initiator and SN38 as monomer through atom transfer radical polymeration (ATRP) method, is previously reported. Using PEG2.4K‐p(HEMASN38)3K as a model prodrug, herein an active‐targeted strategy decorated with cys‐arg‐gly‐asp‐lys (CRGDK), a peptide specifically binds to neuropilin‐1 overexpressed by tumor vessels and tumor cells, is successfully established to further improve the delivery and efficacy of SN38. CRGDK‐functionalized PEG2.4K‐p(HEMASN38)3K (C‐SN38) nanoparticles and nonfunctionalized control (B‐SN38) are prepared with two distinct sizes, 30 and 100 nm. Their physiochemical and biological characteristics are investigated in vitro and in vivo with multiple tumor models. It is demonstrated for the first time that CRGDK functionalization can be a promising strategy for efficient delivery of SN38, and C‐SN38 is a potent drug candidate for the treatment of neuropilin‐1 overexpressing tumors.
Enzyme‐Based Glucose Sensor: From Invasive to Wearable Device
Authors: Lee Hyunjae , Hong Yongseok Joseph , Baik Seungmin , Hyeon Taeghwan , Kim Dae‐Hyeong 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBlood glucose concentration is a key indicator of patients' health, particularly for symptoms associated with diabetes mellitus. Because of the large number of diabetic patients, many approaches for glucose measurement have been studied to enable continuous and accurate glucose level monitoring. Among them, electrochemical analysis is prominent because it is simple and quantitative. This technology has been incorporated into commercialized and research‐level devices from simple test strips to wearable devices and implantable systems. Although directly monitoring blood glucose assures accurate information, the invasive needle‐pinching step to collect blood often results in patients (particularly young patients) being reluctant to adopt the process. An implantable glucose sensor may avoid the burden of repeated blood collections, but it is quite invasive and requires periodic replacement of the sensor owing to biofouling and its short lifetime. Therefore, noninvasive methods to estimate blood glucose levels from tears, saliva, interstitial fluid (ISF), and sweat are currently being studied. This review discusses the evolution of enzyme‐based electrochemical glucose sensors, including materials, device structures, fabrication processes, and system engineering. Furthermore, invasive and noninvasive blood glucose monitoring methods using various biofluids or blood are described, highlighting the recent progress in the development of enzyme‐based glucose sensors and their integrated systems.
Cellulose‐Based Biomimetics and Their Applications
Authors: Almeida Ana P. C. , Canejo João P. , Fernandes Susete N. , Echeverria Coro , Almeida Pedro L. , Godinho Maria H. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractNature has been producing cellulose since long before man walked the surface of the earth. Millions of years of natural design and testing have resulted in cellulose‐based structures that are an inspiration for the production of synthetic materials based on cellulose with properties that can mimic natural designs, functions, and properties. Here, five sections describe cellulose‐based materials with characteristics that are inspired by gratings that exist on the petals of the plants, structurally colored materials, helical filaments produced by plants, water‐responsive materials in plants, and environmental stimuli‐responsive tissues found in insects and plants. The synthetic cellulose‐based materials described herein are in the form of fibers and films. Fascinating multifunctional materials are prepared from cellulose‐based liquid crystals and from composite cellulosic materials that combine functionality with structural performance. Future and recent applications are outlined.
Surface Engineering for Extremely Enhanced Charge Separation and Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution on g‐C3N4
Authors: Yu Yu , Yan Wei , Wang Xiaofang , Li Pei , Gao Wenyu , Zou Haihan , Wu Songmei , Ding Kejian 
Published: January 2018

AbstractReinforcing the carrier separation is the key issue to maximize the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution (PHE) efficiency of graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4). By a surface engineering of gradual doping of graphited carbon rings within g‐C3N4, suitable energy band structures and built‐in electric fields are established. Photoinduced electrons and holes are impelled into diverse directions, leading to a 21‐fold improvement in the PHE rate.
Retracted: Colloidal Cobalt Phosphide Nanocrystals as Trifunctional Electrocatalysts for Overall Water Splitting Powered by a Zinc–Air Battery
Authors: Li Hui , Li Qi , Wen Peng , Williams Trey B. , Adhikari Shiba , Dun Chaochao , Lu Chang , Itanze Dominique , Jiang Lin , Carroll David L. , Donati George L. , Lundin Pamela M. , Qiu Yejun , Geyer Scott M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractHighly efficient and stable electrocatalysts, particularly those that are capable of multifunctionality in the same electrolyte, are in high demand for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). In this work, highly monodisperse CoP and Co2P nanocrystals (NCs) are synthesized using a robust solution‐phase method. The highly exposed (211) crystal plane and abundant surface phosphide atoms make the CoP NCs efficient catalysts toward ORR and HER, while metal‐rich Co2P NCs show higher OER performance owing to easier formation of plentiful Co2P@COOH heterojunctions. Density functional theory calculation results indicate that the desorption of OH* from cobalt sites is the rate‐limiting step for both CoP and Co2P in ORR and that the high content of phosphide can lower the reaction barrier. A water electrolyzer constructed with a CoP NC cathode and a Co2P NC anode can achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at 1.56 V, comparable even to the noble metal‐based Pt/C and RuO2/C pair. Furthermore, the CoP NCs are employed as an air cathode in a primary zinc–air battery, exhibiting a high power density of 62 mW cm−2 and good stability.
Self‐Powered Si/CdS Flexible Photodetector with Broadband Response from 325 to 1550 nm Based on Pyro‐phototronic Effect: An Approach for Photosensing below Bandgap Energy
Authors: Dai Yejing , Wang Xingfu , Peng Wenbo , Xu Cheng , Wu Changsheng , Dong Kai , Liu Ruiyuan , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCadmium sulfide (CdS) has received widespread attention as the building block of optoelectronic devices due to its extraordinary optoelectronic properties, low work function, and excellent thermal and chemical stability. Here, a self‐powered flexible photodetector (PD) based on p‐Si/n‐CdS nanowires heterostructure is fabricated. By introducing the pyro‐phototronic effect derived from wurtzite structured CdS, the self‐powered PD shows a broadband response range, even beyond the bandgap limitation, from UV (325 nm) to near infrared (1550 nm) under zero bias with fast response speed. The light‐induced pyroelectric potential is utilized to modulate the optoelectronic processes and thus improve the photoresponse performance. Lasers with different wavelengths have different effects on the self‐powered PDs and corresponding working mechanisms are carefully investigated. Upon 325 nm laser illumination, the rise time and fall time of the self‐powered PD are 245 and 277 µs, respectively, which are faster than those of most previously reported CdS‐based nanostructure PDs. Meanwhile, the photoresponsivity R and specific detectivity D* regarding to the relative peak‐to‐peak current are both enhanced by 67.8 times, compared with those only based on the photovoltaic effect‐induced photocurrent. The self‐powered flexible PD with fast speed, stable, and broadband response is expected to have extensive applications in various environments.
Fused Tris(thienothiophene)‐Based Electron Acceptor with Strong Near‐Infrared Absorption for High‐Performance As‐Cast Solar Cells
Authors: Li Tengfei , Dai Shuixing , Ke Zhifan , Yang Langxuan , Wang Jiayu , Yan Cenqi , Ma Wei , Zhan Xiaowei 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA fused tris(thienothiophene) (3TT) building block is designed and synthesized with strong electron‐donating and molecular packing properties, where three thienothiophene units are condensed with two cyclopentadienyl rings. Based on 3TT, a fused octacylic electron acceptor (FOIC) is designed and synthesized, using strong electron‐withdrawing 2‐(5/6‐fluoro‐3‐oxo‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐inden‐1‐ylidene)‐malononitrile as end groups. FOIC exhibits absorption in 600–950 nm region peaked at 836 nm with extinction coefficient of up to 2 × 105m–1 cm–1, low bandgap of 1.32 eV, and high electron mobility of 1.2 × 10–3 cm2 V–1 s–1. Compared with its counterpart ITIC3 based on indacenothienothiophene core, FOIC exhibits significantly upshifted highest occupied molecular orbital level, slightly downshifted lowest unoccupied molecular orbital level, significantly redshifted absorption, and higher mobility. The as‐cast organic solar cells (OSCs) based on blends of PTB7‐Th donor and FOIC acceptor without additional treatments exhibit power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) as high as 12.0%, which is much higher than that of PTB7‐Th: ITIC3 (8.09%). The as‐cast semitransparent OSCs based on the same blends show PCEs of up to 10.3% with an average visible transmittance of 37.4%.
A General Method for the Chemical Synthesis of Large‐Scale, Seamless Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Electronics
Authors: Li Li , Guo Yichuan , Sun Yuping , Yang Long , Qin Liang , Guan Shouliang , Wang Jinfen , Qiu Xiaohui , Li Hongbian , Shang Yuanyuan , Fang Ying 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe capability to directly build atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) devices by chemical synthesis offers important opportunities to achieve large‐scale electronics and optoelectronics with seamless interfaces. Here, a general approach for the chemical synthesis of a variety of TMD (e.g., MoS2, WS2, and MoSe2) device arrays over large areas is reported. During chemical vapor deposition, semiconducting TMD channels and metallic TMD/carbon nanotube (CNT) hybrid electrodes are simultaneously formed on CNT‐patterned substrate, and then coalesce into seamless devices. Chemically synthesized TMD devices exhibit attractive electrical and mechanical properties. It is demonstrated that chemically synthesized MoS2–MoS2/CNT devices have Ohmic contacts between MoS2/CNT hybrid electrodes and MoS2 channels. In addition, MoS2–MoS2/CNT devices show greatly enhanced mechanical stability and photoresponsivity compared with conventional gold‐contacted devices, which makes them suitable for flexible optoelectronics. Accordingly, a highly flexible pixel array based on chemically synthesized MoS2–MoS2/CNT photodetectors is applied for image sensing.
Nano Titanium Monoxide Crystals and Unusual Superconductivity at 11 K
Authors: Xu Jijian , Wang Dong , Yao Heliang , Bu Kejun , Pan Jie , He Jianqiao , Xu Fangfang , Hong Zhanglian , Chen Xiaobo , Huang Fuqiang 
Published: January 2018

AbstractNano TiO2 is investigated intensely due to extraordinary photoelectric performances in photocatalysis, new‐type solar cells, etc., but only very few synthesis and physical properties have been reported on nanostructured TiO or other low valent titanium‐containing oxides. Here, a core–shell nanoparticle made of TiO core covered with a ≈5 nm shell of amorphous TiO1+x is newly constructed via a controllable reduction method to synthesize nano TiO core and subsequent soft oxidation to form the shell (TiO1+x). The physical properties measurements of electrical transport and magnetism indicate these TiO@TiO1+x nanocrystals are a type‐ІІ superconductor of a recorded Tconset = 11 K in the binary Ti–O system. This unusual superconductivity could be attributed to the interfacial effect due to the nearly linear gradient of O/Ti ratio across the outer amorphous layer. This novel synthetic method and enhanced superconductivity could open up possibilities in interface superconductivity of nanostructured composites with well‐controlled interfaces.
Photoactive Blend Morphology Engineering through Systematically Tuning Aggregation in All‐Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Gang , Eastham Nicholas D. , Aldrich Thomas J. , Ma Boran , Manley Eric F. , Chen Zhihua , Chen Lin X. , de la Cruz Monica Olvera , Chang Robert P. H. , Melkonyan Ferdinand S. , Facchetti Antonio , Marks Tobin J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPolymer aggregation plays a critical role in the miscibility of materials and the performance of all‐polymer solar cells (APSCs). However, many aspects of how polymer texturing and aggregation affect photoactive blend film microstructure and photovoltaic performance are poorly understood. Here the effects of aggregation in donor–acceptor blends are studied, in which the number‐average molecular weights (Mns) of both an amorphous donor polymer, poly[4,8‐bis(5‐(2‐ethylhexyl)thiophen‐2‐yl)benzo[1,2‐b;4,5‐b′]dithiophene‐2,6‐diyl‐alt‐(4‐(2‐ethylhexyl)‐3‐fluorothieno[3,4‐b]thiophene‐)‐2‐carboxylate‐2‐6‐diyl)] (PBDTT‐FTTE) and a semicrystalline acceptor polymer, poly{[N,N′‐bis(2‐octyldodecyl)naphthalene‐1,4,5,8‐bis(dicarboximide)‐2,6‐diyl]‐alt‐5,5′‐(2,2′‐bithiophene)} (P(NDI2OD‐T2)) are systematically varied. The photovoltaic performance is correlated with active layer microstructural and optoelectronic data acquired by in‐depth transmission electron microscopy, grazing incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering, thermal analysis, and optical spectroscopic measurements. Coarse‐grained modeling provides insight into the effects of polymer aggregation on the blend morphology. Notably, the computed average distance between the donor and the acceptor polymers correlates well with solar cell photovoltaic metrics such as short‐circuit current density (Jsc) and represents a useful index for understanding/predicting active layer blend material intermixing trends. Importantly, these results demonstrate that for polymers with different texturing tendencies (amorphous/semicrystalline), the key for optimal APSC performance, photovoltaic blend morphology can be controlled via both donor and acceptor polymer aggregation.
Updated Metal Compounds (MOFs, S, OH, N, C) Used as Cathode Materials for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Xu Jing , Lawson Tom , Fan Hongbo , Su Dawei , Wang Guoxiu 
Published: January 2018

AbstractLithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries have the potential to be as efficient and as widespread as lithium‐ion (Li‐ion) batteries, since sulfur electrode has high theoretical capacity (1672 mA h gsul−1) and this element is affordable. However, unlike their ubiquitous lithium ion (Li‐ion) counterparts, it is difficult to realize the commercialization of Li‐S battery. Because the shuttle effect of polysulfide inevitably results in the serious capacity degradation. Tremendous progress is devoted to approach this problem from the aspect of physical confinement and chemisorption of polysulfide. Owing to weak intermolecular interactions, physical confinement strategy, however is not effective when the battery is cycled long‐term. Chemisorption of polysulfide that derived from polar–polar interaction, Lewis acid–base interaction, and sulfur‐chain catenation, are proven to significantly suppress the shuttle effect of polysulfide. It is also discovered that the metal compounds have strong chemical interactions with polysulfide. Therefore, this review focuses on latest metal–organic frameworks metal sulfides, metal hydroxides, metal nitrides, metal carbides, and discusses how the chemical interactions couple with the unique properties of these metal compounds to tackle the problem of polysulfide shuttle effect.
Synthesis of Pseudocapacitive Polymer Chain Anode and Subnanoscale Metal Oxide Cathode for Aqueous Hybrid Capacitors Enabling High Energy and Power Densities along with Long Cycle Life
Authors: Ock Il Woo , Choi Jae Won , Jeong Hyung Mo , Kang Jeung Ku 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAqueous electrochemical energy storages are of enormous attention due to their high safety and being environmentally friendly, but they must satisfy very challenging standards in energy and power densities over long repeated charging/discharging cycles. Herein, a strategy to realize high‐performance aqueous hybrid capacitors (AHCs) using pseudocapacitive negative and positive electrodes is reported. Polymer chains, which are synthesized by in situ polymerization of polyaniline on reduced graphene sheets, show fiber‐like morphologies and the redox‐reactive surface area allowing high capacitance as anode materials even at a high current density of 20 A g−1 and a high loading of ≈6 mg cm−2. Additionally, subnanoscale metal oxide particles on graphene are utilized as pseudocapacitive cathode materials and they show the approximately threefold higher capacitance than nanocrystals of ≈10 nm. Assembling these polymer chain anode and subnanoscale metal oxide cathode in full‐cell AHCs is shown to give the high energy density exceeding those of aqueous batteries along with the ≈100% capacity retention over 100 000 redox cycles. Additionally, AHCs exhibit the high power density allowing ultrafast charging, so that the switching wearable display kit with two AHCs in series can be charged within several seconds by the flexible photovoltaic module and USB switching charger.
Mechanochemical Activation of Iron Cyano Complexes: A Prebiotic Impact Scenario for the Synthesis of α‐Amino Acid Derivatives
Authors: Bolm Carsten , Mocci Rita , Schumacher Christian , Turberg Mathias , Puccetti Francesco , Hernández José G. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMechanochemical activation of iron cyano complexes by ball milling results in the formation of HCN, which can be trapped and incorporated into α‐aminonitriles. This prebiotic impact scenario can be extended by mechanochemically transforming the resulting α‐aminonitriles into α‐amino amides using a chemical route related to early Earth conditions.
A Postprocedure Wrap‐up Tool for Improving OR Communication and Performance
Authors: Norton Rebecca , Mordas Dolores 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn 2015, perioperative nursing staff members at a community hospital designed and implemented a tool to help improve communication and performance. Our postprocedure wrap‐up tool and its follow‐up process have allowed us to achieve improvements in both efficiency and staff member satisfaction. By implementing a process to document problems as they occur and quickly transmit information to the staff members who are best able to correct these issues, we greatly improved our workflow. Furthermore, by inputting information into spreadsheets using problem codes, thereby replacing anecdotal information with hard data, we targeted areas that needed improvement and used that information for budget planning, training, and allocating resources. Enlisting the input of all members of the surgical team allowed us to identify the root causes of issues that interfered with the staff members’ ability to provide efficient, safe, and reliable patient care.