bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective Stimulation of Facial Muscles Following Chronic Intraneural Electrode Array Implantation and Facial Nerve Injury in the Feline Model
Authors: Sahyouni Ronald , Haidar Yarah M. , Moshtaghi Omid , Wang Beverly Y. , Djalilian Hamid R. , Middlebrooks John C. , Lin Harrison W. 
Published: August 2017

Background:Our group has previously shown that activation of specific facial nerve (FN) fiber populations and selective activation of facial musculature can be achieved through acute intraneural multichannel microelectrode array (MEA) implantation in the feline model.Hypothesis:Selective stimulation of facial muscles will be maintained in the setting of 1) chronic and 2) acute MEA implantation after FN injury and subsequent recovery.Methods:This study included seven cats. In three cats with normal facial function, 4-channel penetrating MEAs were implanted chronically in the FN and tested biweekly for 6 months. Electrical current pulses were delivered to each channel individually, and elicited electromyographic (EMG) voltage outputs were recorded for each of several facial muscles. For FN injury experiments, two cats received a standardized hemostat-crush injury, and two cats received a transection-reapproximation injury to the FN main trunk. These four underwent acute implantation of MEA and EMG recording in terminal experiments 4 months postinjury.Results:Stimulation through individual channels selectively activated restricted nerve populations, resulting in activation of individual muscles in cats with chronic MEA implantation and after nerve injury. Increasing stimulation current levels resulted in increasing EMG voltage responses in all patients. Nerve histology showed only minor neural tissue reaction to the implant.Conclusion:We have established in the animal model the ability of a chronically implanted MEA to selectively stimulate restricted FN fiber populations and elicit activations in specific facial muscles. Likewise, after FN injury, selective stimulation of restricted FN fiber populations and subsequent activation of discrete facial muscles can be achieved after acute MEA implantation.
Lymphatic Malformation Architecture: Implications for Treatment With OK-432
Authors: Malic Claudia C. , Guilfoyle Regan , Courtemanche Rebecca J.M. , Arneja Jugpal S. , Heran Manraj K.S. , Courtemanche Douglas J. 
Published: August 2017

Purpose:
Herein, the authors aim to describe their findings of novel architectural types of lymphatic malformations (LM) and explain the relationship between these architectures and OK-432 treatment outcomes.

Methods:
A retrospective review was conducted of all patients diagnosed with a LM treated with OK-432 at the Vascular Anomalies Clinic at BC Children's Hospital from December 2002 to January 2012.

Results:
Twenty-seven patients were included in the study. Sixty percent of lesions were present by 2 years of age with the majority located in the head and neck (59%). The average number of sclerotherapy procedures was 1.4 per patient. Treatment under fluoroscopic guidance revealed 3 new LM architectures: open-cell microcystic, closed-cell microcystic, and lymphatic channel. Response to treatment was complete or good for 14/19 macrocystic and for 1/2 mixed lesions. Open-cell microcystic LMs gave a complete or good response for 3/3, which was attributed to OK-432 freely communicating between cysts. Closed-cell microcystic LM had localized cysts that did not allow OK-432 to freely communicate and were associated with partial responses, 2/2. The lymphatic channel had a partial response. There were 2 minor complications and 1 instance of recurrence.

Conclusions:
The identification of 3 new LM architectures expands the current accepted classification to include: open-cell microcystic, closed-cell microcystic, and lymphatic channels. The majority of complete responses to OK-432 were found with macrocystic lesions. Open-cell microcystic lesions respond better to OK-432 than closed-cell microcystic lesions, and lymphatic channels may respond to OK-432. These key architecture–response relationships have direct clinical implications for treatment with OK-432 sclerotherapy.
Transgene-free hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells from human induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Guyonneau-Harmand Laurence , L’Homme Bruno , Birebent Brigitte , Desterke Christophe , Chevallier Nathalie , Garçon Loïc , Lapillonne Hélène , Benderitter Marc , Delhommeau François , Jaffredo Thierry , Chapel Alain , Douay Luc 
Published: August 2017

Introductory paragraphThe successful production of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells (HSPCs) from human pluripotent sources is conditioned by transgene delivery1-5. We describe here a dedicated and tractable one step, GMP-grade, transgene-free and stroma-free protocol to produce HSPCs from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). This procedure, applied to several sources of hiPSCs with equal efficiency, is based on a directed differentiation with morphogens and cytokines to generate a cell population close to nascent HSPCs or their immediate forerunners i.e., hemogenic endothelial cells6-9. Following engraftment into immunocompromised recipients, this cell population was proved capable of a robust myeloid, lymphoid and definitive red blood cell production in sequential recipients for at least 40 weeks. Further identification of the repopulating cells show that they express the G protein–coupled receptor APELIN (APLNR) and the homing receptor CXCR4. This demonstrates that the generation ofbona fideHSPCs from hiPSCs without transgenes is possible and passes through an early endo-hematopoietic intermediate. This work opens the way to the generation of clinical grade HSPCs for the treatment of hematological diseases and holds promise for the analysis of HSPC development in the human species.
Circuit robustness to temperature perturbation is altered by neuromodulators
Authors: Haddad Sara A. , Marder Eve 
Published: August 2017

SUMMARYIn the ocean, the crab,Cancer borealis, is subject to daily and seasonal temperature changes. Previous work, done in the presence of descending modulatory inputs, had shown that the pyloric rhythm of the crab increases in frequency as temperature increases, but maintains its characteristic phase relationships until it “crashes” at extreme high temperatures. To study the interaction between neuromodulators and temperature perturbations, we studied the effects of temperature on preparations from which the descending modulatory inputs were removed. Under these conditions the pyloric rhythm was destabilized. We then studied the effects of temperature on preparations in the presence of oxotremorine, proctolin, and serotonin. Oxotremorine and proctolin enhanced the robustness of the pyloric rhythm, while serotonin made the rhythm less robust. These experiments reveal considerable animal-to-animal diversity in their crash stability, consistent with the interpretation that cryptic differences in many cell and network parameters are revealed by extreme perturbations.
Heterogeneity Within the Frontoparietal Control Network and its Relationship to the Default and Dorsal Attention Networks
Authors: Dixon Matthew L , De La Vega Alejandro , Mills Caitlin , Andrews-Hanna Jessica , Nathan Spreng R. , Cole Michael W. , Christoff Kalina 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTThe frontoparietal control network (FPCN) plays a central role in executive control. It has been predominantly viewed as a unitary domain general system. Here, we examined patterns of FPCN functional connectivity (FC) across multiple conditions of varying cognitive demands, in order to test for FPCN heterogeneity. We identified two distinct subsystems within the FPCN based on hierarchical clustering and machine learning classification analyses of within-FPCN FC patterns. These two FPCN subsystems exhibited distinct patterns of FC the default network (DN) and the dorsal attentional network (DAN). This 2-fold FPCN differentiation was observed across four independent data sets, across 9 different conditions (rest and 8 tasks), as well as in meta-analytic co-activation patterns. The extent of FPCN differentiation varied across conditions, suggesting flexible adaptation to task demands. These findings reveal a flexible and heterogeneous FPCN organization that may in part emerge from separable DN and DAN processing streams.
Multimodal Surface Matching with Higher-Order Smoothness Constraints☆
Authors: Robinson Emma C. , Garcia Kara , Glasser Matthew F. , Chen Zhengdao , Coalson Timothy S. , Makropoulos Antonios , Bozek Jelena , Wright Robert , Schuh Andreas , Webster Matthew , Hutter Jana , Price Anthony , Grande Lucilio Cordero , Hughes Emer , Tusor Nora , Bayly Philip V. , Van Essen David C. , Smith Stephen M. , David Edwards A. , Hajnal Joseph , Jenkinson Mark , Glocker Ben , Rueckert Daniel 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn brain imaging, accurate alignment of cortical surfaces is fundamental to the statistical sensitivity and spatial localisation of group studies; and cortical surface-based alignment has generally been accepted to be superior to volume-based approaches at aligning cortical areas. However, human subjects have considerable variation in cortical folding, and in the location of functional areas relative to these folds. This makes alignment of cortical areas a challenging problem. The Multimodal Surface Matching (MSM) tool is a flexible, spherical registration approach that enables accurate registration of surfaces based on a variety of different features. Using MSM, we have previously shown that driving cross-subject surface alignment, using areal features, such as resting state-networks and myelin maps, improves group task fMRI statistics and map sharpness. However, the initial implementation of MSM's regularisation function did not penalize all forms of surface distortion evenly. In some cases, this allowed peak distortions to exceed neu-robiologically plausible limits, unless regularisation strength was increased to a level which prevented the algorithm from fully maximizing surface alignment. Here we propose and implement a new regularisation penalty, derived from physically relevant equations of strain (deformation) energy, and demonstrate that its use leads to improved and more robust alignment of multimodal imaging data. In addition, since spherical warps incorporate projection distortions that are unavoidable when mapping from a convoluted cortical surface to the sphere, we also propose constraints that enforce smooth deformation of cortical anatomies. We test the impact of this approach for longitudinal modelling of cortical development for neonates (born between 32 and 45 weeks of post-menstrual age) and demonstrate that the proposed method increases the biological interpretability of the distortion fields and improves the statistical significance of population-based analysis relative to other spherical methods.
Olfactory coding in the turbulent realm
Authors: Jacob Vincent , Monsempès Christelle , Rospars Jean-Pierre , Masson Jean-Baptiste , Lucas Philippe 
Published: August 2017

AbstractLong-distance olfactory search behaviors depend on odor detection dynamics. Due to turbulence, olfactory signals travel as bursts of variable concentration and spacing and are characterized by long-tail distributions of odor/no-odor events, challenging the computing capacities of olfactory systems. How animals encode complex olfactory scenes to track the plume far from the source remains unclear. Here we focus on the coding of the plume temporal dynamics in moths. We compare responses of olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) and antennal lobe projection neurons (PNs) to sequences of pheromone stimuli either with white-noise patterns or with realistic turbulent temporal structures simulating a large range of distances (8 to 64 m) from the odor source. For the first time, we analyze what information is extracted by the olfactory system at large distances from the source. Neuronal responses are analyzed using linear–nonlinear models fitted with white-noise stimuli and used for predicting responses to turbulent stimuli. We found that neuronal firing rate is less correlated with the dynamic odor time course when distance to the source increases because of improper coding during long odor and no-odor events that characterize large distances. Rapid adaptation during long puffs does not preclude however the detection of puff transitions in PNs. Individual PNs but not individual ORNs encode the onset and offset of odor puffs for any temporal structure of stimuli. A higher spontaneous firing rate coupled to an inhibition phase at the end of PN responses contributes to this coding property. This allows PNs to decode the temporal structure of the odor plume at any distance to the source, an essential piece of information moths can use in their tracking behavior.Author SummaryLong-distance olfactory search is a difficult task because atmospheric turbulence erases global gradients and makes the plume discontinuous. The dynamics of odor detections is the sole information about the position of the source. Male moths successfully track female pheromone plumes at large distances. Here we show that the moth olfactory system encodes olfactory scenes simulating variable distances from the odor source by characterizing puff onsets and offsets. A single projection neuron is sufficient to provide an accurate representation of the dynamic pheromone time course at any distance to the source while this information seems to be encoded at the population level in olfactory receptor neurons.
The effect of personality on salespeople’s information gathering
Authors: Mehl Erik , Hansen Håvard 
Published: August 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to test the direct effects of intrinsic motivation, perceived information value, activity perception, perceived organizational support, and adaptive selling on the propensity to collect market information and how locus of control (LOC) moderates these effects.Design/methodology/approachData were collected using a cross-sectional design with a web-based survey. The respondents were business-to-business salespeople. All relationships were tested by regression modeling.FindingsSupport was found for most direct effects, and LOC moderated all supported direct effects. Thus, adding LOC as a moderator will increase the understanding of what motivates salespeople to gather information.Research limitations/implicationsThis study shows that using the theoretical construct of personality as a moderator increases the understanding of what motivates salespeople to collect information.Practical implicationsSales leaders use different motivational tools to ensure that their sales forces focus on important tasks, but the responses to a specific motivational tool may differ among salespeople. The most prominent managerial contribution of the present study is a possible explanation of why salespeople differ in information collection even when the same motivational tools are used.Originality/valueSeveral researchers have focused on what drives salespeople to collect, share, and use market information at the individual-level perspective, but despite the long history of studies of the relationship between motivation and personality, focus on the effects of individual differences is lacking. This paper addresses this gap and shows how personality differences have a moderating effect on the propensity of salespeople to collect market information.
What stops creative employees to implement ideas? Individual culture value orientation perspective
Authors: Wang Hongli 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
Creativity itself does not necessarily lead to idea implementation. The purpose of this paper is to deeply understand the impact of the individual culture value orientation on employees’ motivation on whether they want to push creative ideas into implementation.

Design/methodology/approach
In this study, drawing on socially desirable responding (SDR) theory, the author reasons that individual value on power distance and superficial harmony and that these two factors interact to influence employees transform their creativity into implementation. The author argues that prevalence of the failure where creativity cannot be transformed into implementation results from the lack of understanding for two elusive individual culture value orientations: individual superficial harmony orientations (ISHO) and individual power distance orientations (IPDO). Data from 66 middle managers and 301 members of five high-tech firms provide a considerable support for the hypothesized model.

Findings
The results showed that individuals were able to improve the possibility of putting their creative ideas into practice when they are both lower in IPDO and ISHO.

Originality/value
Such findings help the author to understand how individual cultural value orientation complements each other to generate joint impact on the relationship between their creative ideas to idea implementation.
Impact of psychological capital on the resistance to change during post-merger integration
Authors: Dorling Jennifer Linda 
Published: August 2017

PurposeMergers and acquisitions (M&As) are major corporate changes and are among the most stressful for employees. Employee resistance is a well-recognised reason for high failure rates of post-merger integration (PMI). The contemporary concept of psychological capital (PsyCap) is a promising approach for dealing with the issue. To date, relatively little research has been conducted on the relationship between PsyCap and resistance. The purpose of this paper is to examine the possible positive impacts of PsyCap on employee resistance during PMI, based on a review of the existing literature and selected interviewers with a panel of experts, and offer a theoretical model for decreasing the resistance.Design/methodology/approachThis paper builds on the literature on M&A, PMI, and employee resistance by focusing on the contribution of PsyCap. Apart from formulating propositions and answering pre-determined research questions, the findings are the basis for a theoretical model that was validated by a panel of experts.FindingsThis research documents the negative emotions that are triggers for resistance during PMI under the influence of PsyCap. By measuring and assessing the PsyCap needs of employees, resistant employees were revealed, and their PsyCap was developed using tailored interventions. The research findings indicate this to be a feasible approach for reducing resistance during PMI.Research limitations/implicationsAll of the findings rely on empirical testing and operationalisation. Cultural differences may influence the PsyCap dimensions.Practical implicationsM&A deals often fail due to unsuccessful PMI implementation because leaders fail to consider the psychological impacts when trying to overcome resistance. The model proposes a possible solution.Originality/valueThe offered theoretical approach is original and provides new insights for researchers and practitioners who evaluate M&A strategies.
Entrepreneurship education knowledge transfer in a conflict Sub-Saharan African context
Authors: Anosike Paschal 
Published: August 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore how entrepreneurship education (EE) interacts with knowledge transfer and entrepreneurial behaviour in a conflict Sub-Saharan African context.Design/methodology/approachIn-depth telephone interviews of 20 participants who benefited from EE knowledge transfer were used to document and analyse the effect of EE on their behaviours as micro-entrepreneurs in a conflict zone.FindingsThese participants exhibited rare forms of innovative behaviour, through their business skills, gained from their involvement in EE. In relation to the effect of the conflict on their entrepreneurial behaviours, it emerged that the conflict was not the major barrier to entrepreneurial intentions, it however affected how they made strategic decisions about downsizing, advertising and future business plans. Consequently, these decisions altered at different junctures because of the conflict and, therefore, defined their coping strategies.Practical implicationsThe paper advocates a policy shift towards a more collaborative sub-regional approach to tackling the underlying causes of conflict in Sub-Saharan Africa through investment in EE strategies as a spur to economic development. Central to this are a priori assumptions about economically disadvantaged populations and their symbiotic relationship with conflict, a phenomenon frequently exploited by armed groups with deviant agenda. Thus, access to employment opportunities could benefit disadvantaged populations, thereby plays a decisive role in conflict mitigation.Originality/valueThe paper provides empirical analysis integrating EE with knowledge transfer and entrepreneurial behaviour in a conflict Sub-Saharan African context. In this way, novel insights are provided that contribute to current efforts aimed at developing a robust theoretical and conceptual foundation for EE domain.
Bryophyte abundance, diversity and composition after retention harvest in boreal mixedwood forest
Authors: Bartels Samuel F. , Macdonald S. Ellen , Johnson Derek , Caners Richard T. , Spence John R. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Variable‐retention harvest is widely recognized as an alternative to more intensive methods such as clear‐cutting. However, present information is inadequate to judge the impact of variable retention on biodiversity of indigenous forest organisms intolerant of canopy removal, such as forest‐inhabiting bryophytes.

We examined how bryophyte species cover, richness, diversity and composition change with time in response to a broad range of dispersed retention harvest treatments (2% [clear‐cut], 10%, 20%, 50%, 75% retention of original basal area) contrasted with uncut controls [100% retention]) in broadleaf deciduous, mixedwood and conifer‐dominated boreal forests in North West Alberta, Canada. Bryophytes were studied in 432 permanent sample plots within 72 compartments before harvest and at 3, 6 and 11 years after harvest.

Clear‐cut and lower (10% and 20%) retention levels resulted in lower cover and richness of bryophytes than in unharvested control compartments in mixed and conifer‐dominated forests, but less so in deciduous‐dominated forests, which generally supported low cover and richness. Species composition in each forest type varied along the gradient of harvesting intensity; clear‐cuts and lower levels of retention supported similar composition, as did control plots and those representing higher retention levels. Over time, the retention harvest treatments became more similar to uncut controls.

Synthesis and applications. Variable‐retention harvests can better maintain bryophyte biodiversity in managed boreal mixedwood forests, as compared to clear‐cuts. We found the efficacy of retention harvest scaled with harvest intensity. Higher levels of retention better moderated the negative impacts of harvesting on bryophyte assemblages across all forest types. Our results suggest, however, that even 10% retention will facilitate faster post‐harvest recovery of bryophytes, as compared to clear‐cutting.
Lack of European Identity and the Failure of the Eurozone
Authors: Carl Noah 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSince late 2007, the Eurozone has been embroiled in a crisis that has seen GDP per capita stagnate, public debt soar, and unemployment reach record levels. This article argues that the Eurozone crisis will inevitably force fundamental changes in the structure of the EU. The only way to make the Eurozone work is through deeper fiscal integration of Eurozone economies. Yet wholesale fiscal integration cannot be achieved in the near term, due to the fact that EU citizens continue to identify more with their own nationalities than with Europe as a whole. The Eurozone economies of southern Europe will, therefore, continue to flounder, leading to further anti‐EU sentiment. Anti‐EU sentiment may eventually increase up to the point where one or all of these countries leave the Eurozone or the EU altogether. These propositions are supported with arguments from economic theory, and are bolstered by evidence from surveys and opinion polls.