bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Explaining the oblate morphology of dwarf spheroidals with wave dark matter perturbations
Authors: Della Monica Riccardo , de Martino Ivan , Broadhurst Tom 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
We investigate whether the oblate, spheroidal morphology of common dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSph) may result from the slow relaxation of stellar orbits within a halo of wave dark matter ($\psi$DM) when starting from an initial disc of stars. Stellar orbits randomly walk over a Hubble time, perturbed by the pervasive ‘granular’ interference pattern of $\psi$DM, that fully modulates the dark matter density on the de Broglie scale. Our simulations quantify the level of stellar disc thickening over the Hubble time, showing that distribution of stars is predicted to become an oblate spheroid of increasing radius, that plausibly accounts for the morphology of dSph galaxies. We predict a low level of residual rotation remains after a Hubble time at the 1–3 km/s level, depending on orientation, that compares with recent claims of rotation for some well-studied local dSph galaxies. This steady internal dynamical evolution may be witnessed directly with JWST for well-resolved dwarf galaxies, appearing more oblate with look back time and tending to small discs of young stars at high redshift.
Exploring MBH–P scaling relations in spiral galaxies: a comparative analysis of inner and outer arm structures
Authors: Hettiarachchi Sanjaya , Hewageegana Prabath , Abdeen Shameer 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
We study the galactic spiral arm pitch angle dependence with wavelength as predicted by the density wave theory. A sample of 10 barred and unbarred spiral galaxies with two distinct, well-defined arms is used for the measurements. The data sample consists of galaxies with inner arms and galaxies with both inner and outer arms. We use six wavebands, namely 3.6 $\mu$m, 8.0 $\mu$m, B band, H $\alpha$, H i, and CO for the image analysis. The pitch angles are visually measured with the python-ol script and more precise measurements are obtained using spirality. We find a 1:1 correlation between pitch angle measurements in the 3.6 and 8.0 $\mu$m bands. We predict supermassive black hole (SMBH) masses for 3.6 $\mu$m waveband pitch angles using a standard scaling relation. We find that the black hole mass of a galaxy with both inner and outer arms is determined by the average pitch angle of the inner arms. Using only galaxies with inner arms, we find an SMBH mass–pitch angle relation of $\log (M_{\rm BH}/\mathrm{M}_\odot)=(7.11 \pm 0.33)+(0.003 \pm 0.017){\textit P}$. Using only galaxies with both inner and outer arms, we find an SMBH mass–pitch angle relation of $\log (M_{\rm BH}/\mathrm{M}_\odot)=(7.56 \pm 0.28)-(0.038 \pm 0.013){\textit P}$.
Analysis of safety and efficacy of proton radiotherapy for optic nerve sheath meningioma
Authors: Deng Maximilian Y , Rauh Sophie , Anil Günes , Lischalk Jonathan W , Hahnemann Laura , Eichkorn Tanja , Hörner-Rieber Juliane , Paul Angela , Sandrini Elisabetta , Hoegen-Sassmannshausen Philipp , Held Thomas , Regnery Sebastian , Bauer Lukas , Sahm Felix , von Deimling Andreas , Wick Antje , Wick Wolfgang , Jungk Christine , Krieg Sandro M , Herfarth Klaus , Debus Jürgen , König Laila 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Primary optic nerve sheath meningiomas (ONSMs) represent a group of benign tumors originating from the optic nerve sheath, typically causing painless, gradual onset monocular visual loss, which can result in blindness if left untreated. Radiation therapy represents an important treatment option for patients with ONSM, allowing for preservation and potential improvement in visual function. In particular, proton radiotherapy may enable a reduction of the side effects due to its physical advantage of an inverted dose profile with a steep dose gradient. The study investigates the visual acuity, local tumor control, and treatment-related toxicities following proton beam radiotherapy with a single institutional cohort comprising 32 patients treated for ONSM.

Methods
Patients with primary ONSM, either histologically (16/32) or radiologically confirmed (16/32), which were treated at the Department of Radiation Oncology at the University Hospital Heidelberg (Germany) were assessed in regard to their visual outcomes, treatment toxicity, and local tumor control following radiotherapy according to response assessment in neuro-oncology criteria.

Results
After a median follow-up time of 39.5 months, the 5-year local progression-free survival was estimated at 100%, with 84.4% of patients reporting improvement or stability in visual acuity during their last follow-up. Radiation-induced optic neuropathy (RION) was encountered in 9.4%.

Conclusions
Our study demonstrates proton beam therapy as a safe and effective treatment alternative in the therapeutic management of ONSMs. RION represents a rare but dreaded complication after treatment. Future head-to-head comparisons with photon radiotherapy in a prospective setting are required to demonstrate a potential, additional clinical benefit.
Charged organic ligands inserting/supporting the nanolayer spacing of vanadium oxides for high-stability/efficiency zinc-ion batteries
Authors: Yuan Guoqiang , Su Yichun , Zhang Xiangling , Gao Biao , Hu Jinliang , Sun Yangyang , Li Wenting , Zhang Zhan , Shakouri Mohsen , Pang Huan 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Given their high safety, environmental friendliness and low cost, aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) have the potential for high-performance energy storage. However, issues with the structural stability and electrochemical kinetics during discharge/charge limit the development of AZIBs. In this study, vanadium oxide electrodes with organic molecular intercalation were designed based on intercalating 11 kinds of charged organic carboxylic acid ligands between 2D layers to regulate the interlayer spacing. The negatively charged carboxylic acid group can neutralize Zn2+, reduce electrostatic repulsion and enhance electrochemical kinetics. The intercalated organic molecules increased the interlayer spacing. Among them, the 0.028EDTA · 0.28NH4+ · V2O5 · 0.069H2O was employed as the cathode with a high specific capacity (464.6 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1) and excellent rate performance (324.4 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1). Even at a current density of 20 A g−1, the specific capacity after 2000 charge/discharge cycles was 215.2 mAh g−1 (capacity retention of 78%). The results of this study demonstrate that modulation of the electrostatic repulsion and interlayer spacing through the intercalation of organic ligands can enhance the properties of vanadium-based materials.
Streptococcus pneumoniae-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome Canadian Immunization Monitoring Program ACTive National Pediatric Surveillance (1991 to 2019)
Authors: Lee Lauren Dagyung , Vadlamudi Nirma Khatri , Yu Katherine , Sadarangani Manish , Le Saux Nicole , Embree Joanne , Kellner James D , Morris Shaun K , Halperin Scott A , Bettinger Julie A ,   for Members of the Canadian Immunization Monitoring Program, Active (IMPACT), Bridger N , Foo Cheryl , Halperin S A , Top K A , Thibeault R , Papenburg J , Lebel M , Le Saux N , Morris S , Embree J , Tan B , McConnell Athena , Jadavji T , Constantinescu C , Vaudry W , Scheifele D , Sadarangani M , Bettinger J , Sauvé L 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Streptococcus pneumoniae-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (SP-HUS) is an underreported cause of pediatric atypical HUS. This study describes the epidemiology of the largest Canadian case series of SP-HUS in comparison with non-HUS invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD).

Methods
The Canadian Immunization Monitoring Program, ACTive (IMPACT) is a national surveillance network for vaccine-preventable diseases. All confirmed IPD cases from 1991 through 2019 were included in the analysis. IPD cases with new HUS diagnoses were identified as SPHUS cases, and the rest as non-HUS IPD.

Results
There were 30 (0.4%) cases of SP-HUS amongst 6757 IPD cases. The median age of SP-HUS cases was 27.5 months, with no significant differences between SP-HUS and non-HUS cases in age or sex. Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes 3 (30%) and 19A (26.7%) were more common in SP-HUS compared to non-HUS (P &lt; 0.0001). Pneumonia was more frequently observed in SPHUS than in non-HUS (67% versus 26%; P &lt; 0.0001). All SP-HUS cases were hospitalized, compared with 71% of non-HUS IPD cases (P = 0.0004). SP-HUS cases had a longer median hospital length of stay than non-HUS (23.5 versus 7 days; P &lt; 0.0001) and a higher proportion required an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission (70% versus 15.5%; P &lt; 0.0001). Moreover, ICU stays were longer in HUS cases compared with non-HUS cases (9 versus 3 days; P &lt; 0.0001). All 30 SP-HUS patients survived while 3% of non-HUS cases died (P = 0.33).

Conclusions
SP-HUS was usually seen in IPD cases with pneumonia and was most commonly caused by serotypes 3 and 19A. ICU care was lengthy, hospital stay was longer. No deaths occurred among SP-HUS cases.
Exosomal miRNAs and isomiRs: potential biomarkers for type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Sou Yong Ling , Chilian William M , Ratnam Wickneswari , Zain Shamsul Mohd , Syed Abdul Kadir Sharifah Zamiah , Pan Yan , Pung Yuh-Fen 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disease that is characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded, small non-coding RNAs that play important roles in post-transcriptional gene regulation. They are negative regulators of their target messenger RNAs (mRNAs), in which they bind either to inhibit mRNA translation, or to induce mRNA decay. Similar to proteins, miRNAs exist in different isoforms (isomiRs). miRNAs and isomiRs are selectively loaded into small extracellular vesicles, such as the exosomes, to protect them from RNase degradation. In T2DM, exosomal miRNAs produced by different cell types are transported among the primary sites of insulin action. These interorgan crosstalk regulate various T2DM-associated pathways such as adipocyte inflammation, insulin signalling, and β cells dysfunction among many others. In this review, we first focus on the mechanism of exosome biogenesis, followed by miRNA biogenesis and isomiR formation. Next, we discuss the roles of exosomal miRNAs and isomiRs in the development of T2DM and provide evidence from clinical studies to support their potential roles as T2DM biomarkers. Lastly, we highlight the use of exosomal miRNAs and isomiRs in personalized medicine, as well as addressing the current challenges and future opportunities in this field. This review summarizes how research on exosomal miRNAs and isomiRs has developed from the very basic to clinical applications, with the goal of advancing towards the era of personalized medicine.
Models of Radiative Linear Seesaw with Electrically Charged Mediators
Authors: Cárcamo Hernández A E , Velásquez Yocelyne Hidalgo , Kovalenko Sergey , Pérez-Julve Nicolás A , Schmidt Ivan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We propose two versions of radiative linear seesaw models, where electrically charged scalars and vector-like leptons generate the Dirac neutrino mass submatrix at the one- and two-loop levels. In these models, the Standard Model charged lepton masses are generated from a one-loop-level radiative seesaw mechanism mediated by charged exotic vector-like leptons and electrically neutral scalars running in the loops. These models can successfully accommodate the current amount of dark matter and baryon asymmetries observed in the universe, as well as the muon anomalous magnetic moment.
Practitioner perspectives on equitable implementation of evidence-based interventions for cancer prevention and control
Authors: Korn Ariella R , Oh April Y , Manian Nanmathi , Tsakraklides Sophia , Carter-Edwards Lori 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Longstanding inequities in cancer prevention and control require novel approaches to improve evidence-based intervention implementation. Exploring and elevating the perspectives of cancer prevention and control practitioners working to advance health equity and equitably implement evidence-based interventions is an important yet underutilized step among researchers working in this space. The purpose of this study was to explore practitioners’ perspectives of how health equity is defined and integrated into their work, challenges of advancing health equity for implementation in local settings, and associated strategies. We conducted virtual key informant interviews and focus groups with 16 US practitioners (e.g. clinicians, health administrators, public health professionals) in 2021–2022. Interviews and focus groups were audio recorded and transcribed. Data were coded using inductive content analysis and summarized into themes. Four major themes emerged: (i) how health equity is conceptualized as a process and outcome; (ii) need to shift equity mindsets; (iii) importance of community partnerships; (iv) organizational policies and strategies for fostering equity in implementation. Respondents noted the need for research and medical communities to learn about the importance and benefits of allowing communities to shape implementation to advance equity in the delivery of evidence-based interventions and outcomes. Additionally, respondents emphasized that institutional leaders should initiate changes regarding equitable implementation at the organizational- and system-levels. Respondents endorsed the need to address equity issues related to the implementation of cancer prevention and control programs, practices, and policies. Many findings can be applied beyond cancer prevention and control to support equitable implementation and outcomes more generally.
ICOS limits memory-like properties and function of exhausted PD-1+CD8 T cells
Authors: Humblin Etienne , Korpas Isabel , Prokhnevska Nataliya , Vaidya Abishek , Lu Jiahua , van der Heide Verena , Filipescu Dan , Bobrowski Tesia , Marks Adam , Park Matthew D. , Bernstein Emily , Brown Brian D , Lujambio Amaia , Dominguez-Sola David , Rosenberg Brad R , Kamphorst Alice O. 
Published: September 2024

SummaryDuring persistent antigen stimulation, PD-1+CD8 T cells are maintained by progenitor exhausted PD-1+TCF-1+CD8 T cells (Tpex). Tpex respond to PD-1 blockade, and regulation of Tpex differentiation into more functional Tex is of major interest for cancer immunotherapies. Tpex express high levels of Inducible Costimulator (ICOS), but the role of ICOS for PD-1+CD8 T cell responses has not been addressed. In chronic infection, ICOS-deficiency increased both number and quality of virus-specific CD8 T cells, with accumulation of effector-like Tex due to enhanced survival. Mechanistically, loss of ICOS signaling potentiated FoxO1 activity and memory-like features of Tpex. In mice with established chronic infection, ICOS-Ligand blockade resulted in expansion of effector-like Tex and reduction in viral load. In a mouse model of hepatocellular carcinoma, ICOS inhibition improved cytokine production by tumor-specific PD-1+CD8 T cells and delayed tumor growth. Overall, we show that ICOS limits CD8 T cell responses during chronic antigen exposure.
Biosynthetic Gene Cluster Diversity Across Native and Introduced Populations of an Ectomycorrhizal Fungus,Suillus luteus
Authors: Allen Brooke M. , Stevens Cole , Vilgalys Rytas J. , Ke Yi-Hong , Drott Milton , Hoeksema Jason D. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNon-pathogenic fungi are being increasingly recognized for their involvement in biological invasions, where they have the potential to cause ecological and economical harm. One notable example is the ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungus,Suillus luteus, which is commonly found co-invading with non-native pines that have escaped from commercial pine plantations across the Southern Hemisphere. In such invasions, selection pressures imposed by novel plants, soil microbes, and environmental conditions, as well as impoverished assemblages of co-invading EcM fungi, may exert particularly strong selective effects and contribute to driving evolutionary divergence in traits. We investigated the potential impact of this global co-introduction on biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) diversity in native and introduced populations ofS. luteus. We found that native populations demonstrated higher BGC diversity at both the gene and clan levels compared to introduced populations. Additionally, we identified a collection of unique BGCs as well as 24 highly conserved clans, including two featuring known pathways, within both native and introduced populations. Furthermore, our study confirmed the presence of three previously identified clades ofS. luteuswith distinct gene cluster family (GCF) diversity. Thus, our study concludes that the introduction ofS. luteushas driven evolutionary changes in its BGCs, underscoring the broader implications of global co-introductions on fungal adaptation in new environments.
Hemoglobin alpha is a redox-sensitive mitochondrial-related protein in T-lymphocytes
Authors: Reed Emily C. , Silva Valeria A. , Giebel Kristen R. , Natour Tamara , Lauten Tatlock H. , Jojo Caroline N. , Schleiker Abigail E. , Case Adam J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHemoglobin subunits, which form the well-characterized, tetrameric, oxygen-carrying protein, have recently been described to be expressed in various non-canonical cell types. However, the exact function of hemoglobin subunits within these cells remains to be fully elucidated. Herein, we report for the first time, the expression of hemoglobin alpha-a1 (Hba-a1) in T-lymphocytes and describe its role as a mitochondrial- associated antioxidant. Within naïve T-lymphocytes, Hba-a1 mRNA and HBA protein are present and highly induced by redox perturbations, particularly those arising from the mitochondria. Additionally, preliminary data using a T-lymphocyte specific Hba-a1 knock-out mouse model indicated that the loss of Hba-a1 led to an exacerbated production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and inflammatory cytokines after a stress challenge, further supporting the role of HBA acting to buffer the mitochondrial redox environment. Interestingly, we observed Hba-a1 expression to be significantly upregulated or downregulated depending on T-lymphocyte polarization and metabolic state, which appeared to be controlled by both transcriptional regulation and chromatin remodeling. Altogether, these data suggest Hba-a1 may function as a crucial mitochondrial-associated antioxidant and appears to possess critical and complex functions related to T- lymphocyte activation and differentiation.
TX-Phase: Secure Phasing of Private Genomes in a Trusted Execution Environment
Authors: Dokmai Natnatee , Zhu Kaiyuan , Sahinalp S. Cenk , Cho Hyunghoon 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGenotype imputation servers enable researchers with limited resources to extract valuable insights from their data with enhanced accuracy and ease. However, the utility of these services is limited for those with sensitive study cohorts or those in restrictive regulatory environments due to data privacy concerns. Although privacy-preserving analysis tools have been developed to broaden access to these servers, none of the existing methods support haplotype phasing, a critical component of the imputation workflow. The complexity of phasing algorithms poses a significant challenge in maintaining practical performance under privacy constraints. Here, we introduce TX-Phase, a secure haplotype phasing method based on the framework of Trusted Execution Environments (TEEs). TX-Phase allows users’ private genomic data to be phased while ensuring data confidentiality and integrity of the computation. We introduce novel data-oblivious algorithmic techniques based on compressed reference panels and dynamic fixed-point arithmetic that comprehensively mitigate side-channel leakages in TEEs to provide robust protection of users’ genomic data throughout the analysis. Our experiments on a range of datasets from the UK Biobank and Haplotype Reference Consortium demonstrate the state-of-the-art phasing accuracy and practical runtimes of TX-Phase. Our work enables secure phasing of private genomes, opening access to large reference genomic datasets for a broader scientific community.
Multilevel selection on individual and group social behaviour in the wild
Authors: Philson Conner S. , Martin Julien G. A. , Blumstein Daniel T. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe degree to which phenotypes are shaped by multilevel selection – the theoretical framework proposing natural selection occurs at more than one level of biological organisation – is a classic debate in biology. Though social behaviours are a common theoretical example for multilevel selection, it is unknown if and how multilevel selection acts on sociality in the wild. We studied the relative strength of multilevel selection on both individual behaviour and group social structure, quantified with social networks and 19 years of data from a wild, free-living mammal, the yellow-bellied marmot (Marmota flaviventer). Contextual analysis revealed multilevel selection in specific fitness and life history contexts, with selection for group social structure being just as strong, if not stronger, than individual social behaviour. We also found antagonistic multilevel selection within and between levels, potentially explaining why increased sociality is not as beneficial or heritable in this system comparatively to other social taxa. Thus, the evolutionary dynamics of hierarchal or nested biological traits should be assessed at multiple levels simultaneously to tell a more accurate and comprehensive story. Overall, we provide empirical evidence suggesting that multilevel selection acts on social relationships and structures in the wild, and provide direct evidence for a classic, unanswered question in biology.
Modeling integration site data for safety assessment with MELISSA
Authors: Lin Tsai-Yu , Ceoldo Giacomo , House Kimberley , Welty Matthew , Dang Thao Thi , Klatt Denise , Brendel Christian , Murphy Michael P. , Cornetta Kenneth , Pellin Danilo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGene and cell therapies pose safety concerns due to potential insertional mutagenesis by viral vectors. We introduce MELISSA, a statistical framework for analyzing Integration Site (IS) data to assess insertional mutagenesis risk. MELISSA employs regression models to estimate and compare gene-specific integration rates and their impact on clone fitness. We tested MELISSA under three settings. First, we conducted simulation studies to verify its performance under controlled conditions. Second, we characterized the IS profile of a lentiviral vector on Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) and compared it with that of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells (HSPCs), in addition to comparing the in vitro clonal dynamics of MSCs isolated from alternative tissues. Finally, we applied MELISSA to published IS data from patients enrolled in gene therapy clinical trials, successfully identifying both known and novel genes that drive changes in clone growth through vector integration. MELISSA identifies over– and under-targeted genes, estimates IS impact and explores biological relevance through pathway analysis. This offers a quantitative tool for researchers, clinicians, and regulators to bridge the gap between IS data and safety and efficacy evaluation, facilitating the generation of comprehensive data packages supporting Investigational New Drug (IND) and Biologics License (BLA) applications and the development of safe and effective gene and cell therapies.