bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MIT, GEGEN UND NACH BRECHT: HEINER MÜLLERS FATZER
Authors: Schütte Uwe 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTHeiner Müller has often been described as the only rightful (literary) heir and flag‐bearer of Bertolt Brecht in German drama of the late twentieth century. This article first examines the critical position that Müller took towards his predecessor. The essay will then focus on the Fatzer complex which Müller considered to be by far the most important work by Brecht. Next, I will discuss the relationship between Fatzer and Müllerʼs synthesised stage version FATZER from 1978, followed by a brief assessment of the various ways in which Müller treated Brechtʼs Fatzer material over the next two decades. Special attention will be paid to the radio play that Müller produced of his version of Fatzer during the final years of the GDR; I argue that it represents an exemplary engagement with Brecht's fragment because, rather than aiming for a standard illusionistic radio play, Müller's intention is to allow his FATZER version, as it were, to speak for itself. To conclude, the essay undertakes a brief and inevitably speculative discussion of the influence of Brechtʼs unfinished drama project on Müller's works.Ausgehend von der weitverbreiteten Zuschreibung, derzufolge Heiner Müller als primärer Erbe und einziger Fortführer von Bertolt Brecht in der dramatischen Literatur des 20. Jahrhunderts in Deutschland gilt, beleuchtet dieser Aufsatz zunächst die durchaus kritische Haltung, die Müller gegenüber Brecht eingenommen hat. Danach richtet sich der Fokus auf den Fatzer‐Komplex, welchen Müller für das mit Abstand wichtigste Werk seines Vorgängers gehalten hat. Es wird diskutiert, in welcher Beziehung Müllers 1978 angefertigte Bühnenfassung FATZER zur Vorlage von Brecht steht und welche vielfältigen Auseinandersetzungen mit dem Stoff im Verlauf der nächsten zwei Jahrzehnte stattgefunden haben. Ein besonderes Augenmerk richtet sich dann auf die von Müller kurz vor dem Ende der DDR produzierte Hörspielfassung seiner FATZER‐Bearbeitung, die als exemplarische Umsetzung der Brecht‐Vorlage gelten darf, weil sie auf illusionistische Effekte verzichtet, um einen quasi ʻausgekaltetenʼ Text auszustellen. Zuletzt wird knapp nachgezeichnet, welchen Einfluss Brechts unvollendetes Dramenprojekt auf das schriftstellerische Werk von Müller genommen hat.
Association of prenatal antibiotics with foetal size and cord blood leptin and adiponectin
Authors: Mueller N. T. , Rifas‐Shiman S. L. , Blaser M. J. , Gillman M. W. , Hivert M.‐F. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryBackgroundEarly postnatal antibiotic use has been shown to promote excess weight gain, but it is unclear whether intrauterine exposure to antibiotics is associated with foetal growth and adiposity. The objective of this study was to examine associations of antibiotic prescription in each trimester of pregnancy with foetal size and adipokine levels at birth.MethodsIn 2128 pregnant women from the pre‐birth Project Viva cohort, from electronic medical records, we estimated antibiotic prescribing by timing during pregnancy. Outcomes were sex‐specific birth weight‐for‐gestational‐age z‐score (BW/GA‐z) and levels of umbilical cord leptin and adiponectin. We used linear regression models adjusted for maternal age, pre‐pregnancy body mass index, parity, race/ethnicity, education, smoking during pregnancy, household income and child sex and additionally adjusted cord blood leptin and adiponectin models for gestation length.ResultsOf the 2128 women in our sample, 643 (30.2%) were prescribed with oral antibiotics during pregnancy. Mean (standard deviation) BW/GA‐z was 0.17 (0.97), cord blood leptin was 9.0 ng mL−1 (6.6) and cord blood adiponectin was 28.8 ng mL−1 (6.8). Overall, antibiotic prescription in pregnancy was associated with lower BW/GA‐z [multivariable adjusted β −0.11; 95% confidence interval {CI} −0.20, −0.01]. In trimester‐specific analyses, only second trimester antibiotic prescription was associated with lower BW/GA‐z (β −0.23; 95% CI −0.37, −0.08). Overall, antibiotic prescription in pregnancy was not associated with cord blood leptin or adiponectin levels. However, in trimester‐specific analyses, third trimester antibiotic prescription was associated with higher cord blood leptin (β 2.28 ng mL−1; 95% CI 0.38, 4.17).ConclusionsAntibiotics in mid‐pregnancy were associated with lower birth weight for gestational age, whereas third trimester antibiotics were associated with higher cord blood leptin.
Faecal calprotectin: current usage and perceived beneficial effects of third‐party funding on rates of colonoscopy by Australian gastroenterologists
Authors: Elnawsra O. , Fok I. , Sparrow M. , Gibson P. , Andrews J. , Connor S. 
Published: March 2016

BackgroundStudies have suggested a diagnostic role for faecal calprotectin (FC) in patients with gastroenterological disorders.AimTo investigate Australian gastroenterologists’ (GE) views on FC use and to elicit factors that affect physicians’ choices.MethodsElectronic surveys were sent out to 405 consultants and 34 registrars in Australia. Respondents who answered <50% of the survey were excluded.ResultsIn all, 140 participants provided a >50% response; 73% reported using FC in their clinical practice. Factors cited by non‐users in restricting their FC use included cost (24%), availability (47%) and familiarity (18%). Even among users, 69% cited funding as a major deciding factor; 98 and 86% of FC users believed that the test is a reliable method of differentiating between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and assessing for mucosal healing in IBD respectively. Of non‐users, 78 and 58%, respectively, would use FC to differentiate IBD from IBS and assess for mucosal healing in IBD, if FC testing was Medical Benefits Schedule (MBS) listed. Both users (79%) and non‐users (68%) reported that use of FC to defer or avoid colonoscopies was likely if the test was MBS funded.ConclusionAustralian GE endorse the use of FC to discriminate between IBD and IBS, to check for mucosal healing in IBD and to reduce colonoscopy rates. Absence of MBS funding is an important factor contributing to the lack of usage of FC, in addition to the lack of familiarity with FC testing and availability.
S&P 500 Membership and Managers’ Supply of Conservative Financial Reports
Authors: Martin Gregory W. , Thomas Wayne B. , Wieland Matthew M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractOur study is motivated by economic theory and the debate among practitioners, standard setters, and academics on the role of conditional conservatism in financial reporting. We find that managers provide less conditionally conservative financial reports after their firms are added to the Standard and Poor's (S&P) 500 index. S&P 500 membership is expected to reduce information asymmetry between managers and outside stakeholders due to an increased flow of public and private information. As a result, the contracting benefits of conservative accounting choices are reduced, and managers are less willing to provide conditionally conservative reports. In contrast, we find that managers provide more conditionally conservative financial reports after their firms are deleted from the index. Firms being deleted from the S&P 500 index probably incur an increase in information asymmetry. Overall, our results provide evidence consistent with conditional conservatism being a response by managers to the information needs of financial statements users.
Consumer Behaviors Toward Novel Functional and Convenient Meat Products in Poland
Authors: Olewnik‐Mikołajewska Anna , Guzek Dominika , Głąbska Dominika , Gutkowska Krystyna 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe aim of the presented study was to evaluate consumer behaviors towards novel meat products in Poland. The research was conducted using PAPI method on a group of 559 Polish respondents purchasing meat and meat products. The highest share of declared “innovators” or “early adopters” was observed among respondents purchasing meat and sausages in natural food shops (75%, 83%), supermarkets (59%, 58%) and specialist meat stores (50% for sausages), whereas the lowest interest in novelty was expressed by the respondents purchasing meat and sausages in the local grocery shops (35%, 26%) and discount stores (29%, 36%). In the case of cold cuts deluxe the highest interest in novelty was observed among respondents purchasing in discount stores (71%), while the lowest – among respondents purchasing in supermarkets (27%) and natural food shops (17%). The identified trend suggesting that customers are willing to buy various novel meat products in the different places may be a contribution to the formulation of the modern marketing strategies.Practical ApplicationsThe major achievement of this study is a new insight into market strategies for novel functional meat products. It was observed that customers are willing to buy various novel meat products in the different places (cold cuts deluxe in discount stores, sausages in natural food shops). The presented study may be a valuable contribution to the recognition of the effective marketing strategies, especially in terms of distribution.
Effects of fenugreek seed extract supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, diarrhoea scores, blood profiles, faecal microflora and faecal noxious gas emission in weanling piglets
Authors: Begum M. , Hossain M. M. , Kim I. H. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryThis study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary fenugreek seed extract (FSE) on growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD), diarrhoea scores, blood profiles, faecal microflora and faecal gas emission in weanling pigs. A total of 135 weanling pigs [(Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc] with an average BW of (7.96 ± 1.03 kg; 28 days of age) were used in a 42‐day study. Piglets were randomly allotted to three experimental diets with nine replicate pens and five pigs per pen. Dietary treatments were as follows: CON, basal diet; FSE1, basal diet + 0.1% FSE; FSE2, basal diet + 0.2% FSE. Pigs were fed with phase 1 (0–14 days) and phase 2 (14–42 days) diets in the form of mash. Average daily gain (ADG) was linearly increased (p = 0.031) by FSE supplementation compared with CON diet during days 0–14. From days 14–42, FSE2 diet had increased ADG and growth efficiency (G/F) compared with the CON diet (p = 0.014 and 0.026 respectively). Moreover, ADG and G/F were increased by FSE supplementation during days 0–42 (linear, p = 0.037 and 0.014 respectively). Energy digestibility was higher (linear, p = 0.030) by FSE supplementation at 6 weeks. On day 42, dietary supplementation of FSE linearly increased red blood cells (RBC) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration (p = 0.042 and 0.038 respectively). Piglets fed FSE2 diet had higher (linear, p = 0.025) serum high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) concentration compared with those fed CON diet. However, piglets fed FSE2 diet had linearly reduced faecal ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen sulphide (H2S) gas emission compared with those fed the CON diet (p = 0.018 and 0.010 respectively). In conclusion, FSE supplementation increased the performance and reduced faecal gas emission in weanling pigs.
Optimization of the HyPer sensor for robust real‐time detection of hydrogen peroxide in the rice blast fungus
Authors: Huang Kun , Caplan Jeff , Sweigard James A. , Czymmek Kirk J. , Donofrio Nicole M. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryReactive oxygen species (ROS) production and breakdown have been studied in detail in plant‐pathogenic fungi, including the rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae; however, the examination of the dynamic process of ROS production in real time has proven to be challenging. We resynthesized an existing ROS sensor, called HyPer, to exhibit optimized codon bias for fungi, specifically Neurospora crassa, and used a combination of microscopy and plate reader assays to determine whether this construct could detect changes in fungal ROS during the plant infection process. Using confocal microscopy, we were able to visualize fluctuating ROS levels during the formation of an appressorium on an artificial hydrophobic surface, as well as during infection on host leaves. Using the plate reader, we were able to ascertain measurements of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels in conidia as detected by the MoHyPer sensor. Overall, by the optimization of codon usage for N. crassa and related fungal genomes, the MoHyPer sensor can be used as a robust, dynamic and powerful tool to both monitor and quantify H2O2 dynamics in real time during important stages of the plant infection process.
Is high‐intensity interval training more effective on improving cardiometabolic risk and aerobic capacity than other forms of exercise in overweight and obese youth? A meta‐analysis
Authors: García‐Hermoso A. , Cerrillo‐Urbina A. J. , Herrera‐Valenzuela T. , Cristi‐Montero C. , Saavedra J. M. , Martínez‐Vizcaíno V. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryBackgroundThe scientific interest in high‐intensity interval training (HIIT) has greatly increased during recent years.ObjectiveThe objective of this meta‐analysis was to determine the effectiveness of HIIT interventions on cardio‐metabolic risk factors and aerobic capacity in overweight and obese youth, in comparison with other forms of exercise.Data sourcesA computerized search was made using seven databases.Study eligibility criteriaThe analysis was restricted to studies that examined the effect of HIIT interventions on cardio‐metabolic and/or aerobic capacity in pediatric obesity (6–17 years old).Participants and interventionsNine studies using HIIT interventions were selected (n = 274).Study appraisal and synthesis methodsStandarized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. The DerSimonian–Laird approach was used.ResultsHIIT interventions (4–12 week duration) produced larger decreases in systolic blood pressure (SMD = 0.39; −3.63 mmHg) and greater increases in maximum oxygen uptake (SMD = 0.59; 1.92 ml/kg/min) than other forms of exercise. Also, type of comparison exercise group and duration of study were moderators.ConclusionsHIIT could be considered a more effective and time‐efficient intervention for improving blood pressure and aerobic capacity levels in obese youth in comparison to other types of exercise. © 2016 World Obesity
The Experience Machine
Authors: Bramble Ben 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn this paper, I reconstruct Robert Nozick's experience machine objection to hedonism about well‐being. I then explain and briefly discuss the most important recent criticisms that have been made of it. Finally, I question the conventional wisdom that the experience machine, while it neatly disposes of hedonism, poses no problem for desire‐based theories of well‐being.
The Nature of Properties: Causal Essentialism and Quidditism
Authors: Wang Jennifer 
Published: March 2016

AbstractProperties seem to play an important role in causal relations. But philosophers disagree over whether or not properties play their causal or nomic roles essentially. Causal essentialists say that they do, while quidditists deny it. This article surveys these two views, as well as views that try to find a middle ground.
Investigating the preservation of orbital forcing in peritidal carbonates
Authors: Kemp David B. , Van Manen Saskia M. , Pollitt David A. , Burgess Peter M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMetre‐scale cycles in ancient peritidal carbonate facies have long been thought to represent the product of shallow water carbonate accumulation under orbitally controlled sea‐level oscillations. The theory remains somewhat controversial, however, and a contrasting view is that these cycles are the product of intrinsic, and perhaps random, processes. Owing to this debate, it is important to understand the conditions that do, or do not, favour the preservation of orbital forcing, and the precise stratigraphic expression of that forcing. In this work, a one‐dimensional forward model of carbonate accumulation is used to test the ability of orbitally paced sea‐level changes to reconstruct cyclicities and cycle stacking patterns observed in greenhouse peritidal carbonate successions. Importantly, the modelling specifically tests insolation‐based sea‐level curves that probably best reflect the pattern and amplitude of sea‐level change in the absence of large‐scale glacioeustasy. This study found that such sea‐level histories can generate precession and eccentricity water depth/facies cycles in models, as well as eccentricity‐modulated cycles in precession cycle thicknesses (bundles). Nevertheless, preservation of orbital forcing is highly sensitive to carbonate production rates and amplitudes of sea‐level change, and the conditions best suited to preserving orbital cycles in facies/water depth are different to those best suited to preserving eccentricity‐scale bundling. In addition, it can be demonstrated that the preservation of orbital forcing is commonly associated with both stratigraphic incompleteness (missing cycles) and complex cycle thickness distributions (for example, exponential), with corresponding implications for the use of peritidal carbonate successions to build accurate astronomical timescales.
Social Victimization Trajectories From Middle Childhood Through Late Adolescence
Authors: Rosen Lisa H. , Beron Kurt J. , Underwood Marion K. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSocial victimization refers to being targeted by behaviors intended to harm one's social status or relationships (Underwood, 2003), including malicious gossip, friendship manipulation, and social exclusion (both verbal and non‐verbal). The current study examined social victimization experiences longitudinally from middle childhood through late adolescence. Participants (N = 273, 139 females) reported on their social victimization experiences in grades 4–11 (ages 9 to 16 years). Using mixture (group‐based) modeling, four social victimization trajectories were identified: low, medium decreasing, medium increasing, and elevated. High parent‐child relationship quality decreased the odds of being in the elevated group compared to the low group; however, parent‐child relationship quality was no longer a significant predictor when emotional dysfunction was added to the model. Higher emotional dysfunction and male gender increased the odds of being in the elevated group and medium increaser group relative to the low group even after controlling for parent‐child relationship quality. Implications for intervention and future research directions are discussed.
Estimation of the Geometric Parameters of a Front Double Wishbone Suspension Based on Geometry Formulation
Authors: Silva R. C. , Nunes M. A. A. , Oliveira A. B. S. , Andrade G. O. 
Published: March 2016

Vehicle suspension stands out as an important subsystem, which allows vertical compliance to the wheels following an uneven road; keeps the proper steer and camber attitudes, resist roll of the chassis and provides comfort for passengers. The suspension subsystem needs to comply with stability, handling and optimum steering based on an appropriate suspension geometry.
Nowadays, the use of simulation software in automotive design has increased. However, the cost and complexity of such software can make them unavailable to those working in the domain, especially the young designers working in vehicle’s student competition (Baja SAE®).
Thus, this paper aims to propose a methodology for assessing a frontal Double Wishbone suspension, which is based on a set of analytical equations implemented computationally at Matlab®. The formulae are developed considering simple concepts of algebra, trigonometry and geometry.
The input data are the Cartesian coordinates (x, y, z) of predefined points, which are obtained from the CAD design and the bound/rebound travel.
The main results are the simple analytical formulae, for the most important suspension’s geometric parameters: caster, camber and toe angles.
These analytical results are validated with MSC ADAMS®, particularly its add-on specialized for the automotive industry ADAMS/Car®, showing good agreement.
Working Procedure for Early Proactive Geometry Assurance Considering Manual Assembly Complexity
Authors: Rosenqvist M. , Falck A-C. , Söderberg R. 
Published: March 2016

The purpose of this paper is to explore how a recently developed method for evaluation of the impact of assembly complexity on manual assembly concepts should be used, by whom and how this would fit into an industrial product development process.
The explored method incorporates both sensitivity to geometrical variation and assessment of assembly complexity and is integrated into the CAT (Computer Aided Tolerancing) tool RD&T.
A baseline of a generic six phase product development procedure is summarized with focus on the part of the process that handles geometry assurance; the geometry assurance process.
The result is a proposed working procedure for proactive geometry assurance considering manual assembly complexity as a part of a geometry assurance process.
The proposed working procedure supports the development of products that have a high level of geometrical robustness and a low level of manual assembly complexity resulting in higher quality, less costs related to poor quality and less waste.
Need for further research is also identified since the current tools for assessing manual assembly complexity do not support all geometry assurance activities needed. One suggestion is to expand the current calculation models to interact with the variation analysis in CAT through assembly tolerances.
Jet-A Combustion in an Indirect Injection Compression Engine Versus a Direct Injection Compression Engine at Same Load and Speed
Authors: Soloiu Valentin , Naes Tyler , Muinos Martin 
Published: March 2016

This study compares combustion of Jet-A in an indirect injection (IDI) compression ignition engine and a direct injection (DI) compression ignition engine at the same load and speed. The Jet-A was blended (75Jet-A): 75% Jet-A and 25% Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel # 2 (ULSD) by mass. Both engines had a load of 4.5 bars Indicated Mean Effective Pressure (IMEP) and were run at 2000 RPM.
The IDI engine configuration was very similar to that used in High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicles (HMMWV).
The research showed that combustion pressure in the IDI engine separate combustion chamber was 81 bars versus 71 bars in the main combustion chamber showing high gas-dynamics losses at transfer passages while in the DI engine the peak pressure reached 65 bars.
The Apparent Heat Release Rate (AHRR) in the IDI engine has both the premixed and diffusion stage combined while in the DI classical combustion there are visible both the premixed and diffusion burn stages. The results show that in both engines there is a Low Temperature Heat Release (LTHR) region before top dead center (BTDC). The mass averaged instantaneous temperature reached 1750 K in the direct injection engine being the same for both fuels and for the IDI engines reached 1700 K in main combustion chamber and 1950 K in the separate combustion chamber for both fuels.
The study showed that there are significant differences in the shape of the AHRR between the engines, nevertheless, the Jet-A has very similar combustion characteristics with ULSD in both combustion systems making a viable option as a substitute fuel to use in High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicles (HMMWV).