bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cemento-ossifying fibromas in the jaws of Hong Kong Chinese
Authors: MacDonald-Jankowski D S 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE
To determine the clinical and radiological features of cemento-ossifying fibroma (COF) in a Chinese population.

METHODS
Twenty cases of COF found in Chinese patients for whom the clinical notes, radiographs and histopathology reports were available, were reviewed to determine their clinical and radiological features. Overall size was measured digitally from the radiographs.

RESULTS
All COFs occurred in females and most frequently in the third and fourth decades. Seventeen COFs were in the mandible and three in the maxilla. Eighteen COFs had well-defined margins and were round or avoid in shape. Four were radiolucent and 15 mixed density. COFs tended to be smaller in women in their early to middle-40s and larger in older women.

CONCLUSIONS
The clinical and radiological features of this Chinese series were broadly consistent with those of non-Chinese populations reported previously. The principal difference was that all 20 patients were female.
Localization of the mandibular neurovascular bundle using dental magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Našel C , Gahleitner A , Breitenseher M , Czerny C , Glaser C , Solar P , Imhof H 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE
To assess the reliability of a commercially available 3D-MPR MRI program for the jaws for imaging the mandibular neurovascular bundle.

METHODS
A gradient echo sequence (TR: 49 ms/TE: 6.3 ms/flip angle: 25 degrees/excitations: 3) with a spectral fat suppression pre-impulse and a voxel size of 0.9 x 0.9 x 0.8 mm was designed. Cross-sectional and panoramic reconstruction of the whole mandible were performed from the axial scans using Easy Vision (Philips, Best, The Netherlands) software package. The ability of differentiate the mandibular neurovascular bundle was assessed in 11 patients.

RESULTS
The mandibular neurovascular bundle was clearly visualized in all cases.

CONCLUSION
Dental MRI is a possible alternative to plain films or CT for patients requiring surgery near the mandibular canal.
Implementation of an oral and maxillofacial radiology image management and communication system
Authors: Chen S K , Yu K M , Chen R S , Hsieh C C 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES
To implement an oral and maxillofacial radiology image management and communication system (OMFR IMACS) in the School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University.

METHODS
An OMFR IMACS has been implemented over 3 years in three phases: (1) Establishment of an OMFR image processing laboratory for research and graduate student training; (2) Installation of network infrastructure and (3) Total system integration.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS
Intraoral, panoramic, cephalometric, and TMJ radiographs are directly processed with digital image acquisition devices or are converted into a digital format for viewing via UTP cable through FastEthernet in the eleven different divisions of the school. The system archives about 400 Mb of imaging data daily, representing 80% of the workload of the OMFR Division. The system is now used parallel to the conventional film-library system and has been integrated as part of the oral health service.
Juvenile ossifying fibroma of the mandible. An 8 year radiological follow-up
Authors: Noffke C E 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
An 8-year follow-up of a juvenile ossifying fibroma in the left mandible of a 4-year-old boy is presented. The case demonstrated initial lack of radiological evidence of demarcation and subsequent eccentric enlargement, selective tooth displacement and a multilocular appearance in areas of active growth. An aneurysmal bone cyst and a decrease in the bone content was present in the excision specimen.
The pneumatic spaces of the temporal bone: relationship to the temporomandibular joint
Authors: Groell R , Fleischmann B 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES
To assess the topographic relationship between the pneumatic spaces of the temporal bone and the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) using high-resolution CT.

METHODS
Findings from 100 consecutive patients who had undergone high-resolution axial CT of the base of the skull were reviewed on a digital imaging workstation. Additional multiplanar reformatted images were created in the sagittal and coronal planes through the TMJ. The extension of the pneumatic spaces of the temporal bone and their relation to the TMJ were determined on both sides.

RESULTS
The extent of pneumatisation of the temporal bone varied considerably. The roof of the TMJ fossa was pneumatised in 51 patients. The articular eminence contained air spaces in 12 patients, the root of the zygomatic process in five patients. Air cells in the peritubal area extended into the medial wall of the glenoid fossa 53 patients. In approximately 25% the extent of pneumatisation showed marked asymmetry.

CONCLUSIONS
Pneumatisation of the temporal bone frequently extends close to the TMJ. Knowledge of these air spaces is helpful for the interpretation of imaging studies such as panoramic radiographs and to understand the spread of pathological processes into the joint.
Intracortical hemangioma of the mandible
Authors: Hayashi T , Ito J , Kato T , Hinoki A , Taira S , Saku T 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We describe the first reported case of an intracortical hemangioma of the mandible in a 13-year-old Japanese girl. Panoramic radiography and CT demonstrated a small osteolytic lesion which had expanded and thinned the cortex at the inferior border of the left mandible. The lesion enhanced on post-contrast T1-weighted MRI. The diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology following block excision. Intracortical hemangioma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of radiolucent lesions orf the mandible
The reproducibility of the mandibular cortical index
Authors: Jowitt N , MacFarlane T , Devlin H , Klemetti E , Horner K 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES
To assess the reproducibility and diagnostic validity of Mandibular Cortical Index (MCI) when used by minimally trained observers.

METHODS
Four 'experts' and 45 final-year dental students classified the appearance of the lower border of the mandibular cortex in 30 panoramic radiographs using the MCI. Experts viewed the original radiographs. The students received instruction in the MCI and viewed slides of the radiographs in a lecture theatre.

RESULTS
For intra-observer agreement, the experts had significantly higher overall values of weighted kappa, indicating substantial agreement in MCI assessment, whereas the students showed moderate agreement. For inter-observer agreement, there was fair agreement between the experts and poor agreement between the students. Using the experts' MCI assessment as the 'gold standard', the mean sensitivity of the students in diagnosis of C3 was 0.71 (maximum 0.95, minimum 0.25) and mean specificity was 0.56 (maximum 0.9, minimum 0.20).

CONCLUSIONS
The MCI has important limitations in terms of intra- and inter-observer agreement. Minimal training in its use, such as might be given in a lecture format to dentists, was ineffective and associated with poor inter-observer agreement and limited diagnostic validity in identifying signs of osteoporosis. More lengthy training and experience in using the MCI would be needed for it to be effective as a diagnostic tool in general dental practice.
Comparison of microscopy and radiography as gold standards in radiographic caries diagnosis
Authors: Wenzel A , Hintze H 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES
To compare the effect of the choice of gold standard on the diagnostic outcome of approximal caries detection in original and compressed digital radiographs.

METHODS
116 extracted teeth radiographed with a storage phosphor system constituted the original images. These images were compressed at 1:20 and 1:33 with the JPEG irreversible compression standard. Five radiologists scored the three sets of images for the presence of approximal caries on a five-rank confidence scale. The radiographic scores were validated by stereomicroscopy (the true gold standard). The individual ROC areas for the five observers were used to select the worst (obsworst) and the best (obsbest) performer: Their scores in the original images were used as the second and third 'gold standards' for the remaining observers. Mean ROC areas for the three observers with the three types of images were calculated using these two new 'gold standards'. Differences between the ROC areas when using microscopy, obsworst, and obsbest as the 'gold standard' were compared.

RESULTS
The mean ROC areas in the original images were 0.66, 0.74 and 0.91 using the true gold standard and obsbest and obsworst as the 'gold standards' respectively. The difference between the true gold standard and obsworst was statistically significant (P &lt; 0.001). The mean ROC areas using the true gold standard decreased with increasing compression whereas they were constant or increased using obsworst and obsbest as 'gold standards', respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
Accuracy in approximal caries diagnosis was significantly higher when an observer was the 'gold standard' than when the true gold standard was obtained by microscopy. Paradoxically, the compressed, degraded images were more accurate than the originals when an observer was the 'gold standard' while they were less accurate with the true gold standard. Thus, results obtained using observers' scores from the radiographs which are being evaluated, as validation for the presence of caries may mislead the clinician.
Prediction of perceptibility curves of direct digital intraoral radiographic systems
Authors: Yoshiura K , Stamatakis H C , Welander U , McDavid W D , Shi X Q , Ban S , Kawazu T , Chikui T , Kanda S 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES
To derive and test a method to predict Perceptibility Curves (PCs) for direct digital intraoral radiographic systems.

METHODS
A test object was used to determine the performance of an average observer with respect to the threshold contrast and internal noise of the human visual system. These data were combined with system parameters to predict PCs mathematically.

RESULTS
Data on the performance of an average observer could be defined to obtain values of the effective threshold contrast as a function of background gray level. This function combined with the gamma-value of the system predicted PCs that agreed well with PCs obtained in the conventional way.

CONCLUSION
It is possible to predict PCs from a limited number of system parameters together with predetermined data on an average observer.
Aneurysmal bone cyst of the coronoid process of the mandible
Authors: Matsuura S , Tahara T , Ro T , Masumi T , Kasuya H , Yokota T 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A rare case of an aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) involving the right coronoid process of the mandible in a 12-year-old girl is presented. The characteristic features with fluid-fluid levels within the lesion observed on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Computed Tomography (CT) was helpful in the preoperative diagnosis.
Magnetic resonance imaging of experimentally-induced sialadenitis in rat submandibular glands
Authors: Shimizu M , Sekine N , Nishimura K , Tokumori K , Saitoh M , Kanda S 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES
To correlate the features of magnetic resonance (MR) images of experimentally induced obstructive sialadenitis in rat submandibular glands with the histopathological changes.

METHODS
Changes in MR images of ligated and non-ligated rat submandibular glands were compared with the histopathological changes and wet weight ratios. Spin echo T1 weighted images (SE T1WI), fast spin echo T2 weighted images (FSE T2WI), and gradient echo T2 weighted images (GE T2WI) were obtained at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7 and 21 days after duct ligation with a 0.3 T MR imaging system.

RESULTS
There was a significant difference (P&lt;0.05) between the signal intensity ratios of both ligated and non-ligated glands on each day, except at 21 days on GE T2WI. On SE T1WI, small interval changes of signal intensity ratios were observed on both glands, whereas there were large interval changes at 1 - 2 days, 4 - 7 days and 21 days after duct ligation with FSE T2WI. These three periods correlated highly with three phases of histopathological changes, swelling of acinar cells at 1 - 2 days, atrophy of acinar cells and increase of duct-like structures at 3 - 7 days, and proliferation of connective tissue at 21 days, and the changes in wet weight ratios. A similar tendency was observed on GE T2WI to FSE T2WI.

CONCLUSIONS
As FSE T2WI showed large changes in signal intensity that correlated highly with histopathological three phases, it is recommended as the MR sequence of choice for diagnosing the degree of damage in obstructive sialadenitis.
Carotid artery calcification in the black population: a retrospective study on panoramic radiographs
Authors: Hubar J S 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES
To determine the prevalence of carotid artery calcification on panoramic radiographs in the Black population.

METHODS
Panoramic radiographs of 700 adult male and female Black dental outpatients from the Medical Center of Louisiana Charity Hospital were examined for any unusual radiopacity adjacent to or just below the intervertebral space between C3 and C4.

RESULTS
Three (0.43%) of the 700 patients, with ages ranging from 46 - 77-years-old, had one or more unusual radiopacities in the region of interest. All three were female.

CONCLUSION
It is uncommon to find radiopacities adjacent to or just below the intervertebral space between C3 and C4 in the general Black population.
Detection of bone invasion by gingival carcinoma of the mandible: a comparison of intraoral and panoramic radiography and computed tomography
Authors: Nakayama E , Yoshiura K , Yuasa K , Tabata O , Araki K , Kanda S , Ozeki S , Shinohara M 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE
To assess the diagnostic accuracy of panoramic radiography (PR), panoramic radiography combined with intraoral radiography (PR+IR), and CT in detecting the supero-inferior extent of tumor invasion of the mandible by gingival carcinoma.

METHOD
PR, PR+IR, and CT images of the mandible in 37 patients with gingival carcinoma were evaluated by five oral radiologists for the supero-inferior extent of bone invasion using ROC analysis. The mean ROC curve area (Az) of each observer for the different imaging modalities was analysed by nonparametric two-way ANOVA. P&lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS
The mean Az for the detection of bone invasion were 0.88+/-0.03 for PR, 0.77+/-0.12 for PR+IR, and 0.87+/-0.03 for CT (P=0.0907). The mean Az for the detection of bone invasion beyond the alveolus was 0.89+/-0.07 for PR, 0.85+/-0.08 for PR+IR, and 0.83+/-0.06 for CT (P=0.5438). The mean Az for the detection of bone invasion beneath the mandibular canal were 0.94+/-0.04 for PR, 0.94+/-0.02 for PR+IR, and 0.91+/-0. 04 for CT (P=0.2466). No statistically significant differences were observed in Az between PR, PR+IR, and CT.

CONCLUSION
We consider that PR+IR should be adopted as the initial imaging modality to determine the extent of supero-inferior invasion of the mandible in gingival carcinoma.
A new method for the automated alignment of dental radiographs for digital subtraction radiography
Authors: Yoon D C 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES
To provide a robust and convenient method by which radiographic images can be spatially aligned for digital radiographic subtraction without the use of manually selected reference points.

METHODS
An automated method for image alignment is described which begins with the extraction of a large number of edge features (1500 or more pixels) from each of two radiographic images taken of the same anatomical region of a given patient. The features in the first radiograph are paired, pixel by pixel, with those in the second radiograph using a nearest neighbor criterion. The edge features in the first radiograph are aligned with those in the second radiograph by performing an affine transformation that is consistent with the projection geometry for a plantar parallel X-ray beam. Transformation parameters are determined which provide the smallest spatial alignment error between the two sets of equivalent features. These parameters are found by a closed-form analytic solution, thus enabling a computationally efficient implementation. The final transformation is then applied to the entire first image resulting in a close spatial match to the second image. The performance of three dentists using the automatic method was compared with their performance using a manual method of alignment for eight pairs of images.

RESULTS
The root mean squared error in image alignment for the automatic method was 14% lower than that with manual alignment. The variability for the automatic method was half that of the maximal method as measured by the residual error. The automatic method was also three times faster than the manual method.

CONCLUSIONS
This method could make digital subtraction more accessible to researchers and practising dentists. Batch mode implementation could enable the processing of large volumes of data. Restriction to a region of interest and improved feature extraction could further improve performance.
Evaluation of a new F speed dental X-ray film. The effect of processing solutions and a comparison with D and E speed films
Authors: Farman T T , Farman A G 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE
To compare the properties of a new speed group F intra-oral X-ray film with those of three well established types both from groups D and E, and evaluate the impact of six commercially available processing solutions.

METHODS
Four types of dental X-ray film, Flow (Flow X-ray, West Hempstead, NY, USA), speed group F, Ektaspeed Plus (Eastman Kodak, Rochester NY, USA) and M2 Comfort (AgfaGevaert, Morstel, Belgium), both speed group E, and Ultra-speed (Eastman Kodak), speed group D, were exposed under standardised conditions and processed in six different processing solutions. Base plus fog density, characteristic curves, film density, speed, average gradient, contrast and latitude and spatial resolution were calculated.

RESULTS
The choice of processing chemistry affected radiographic characteristics including speed grouping. The new F film was consistently the fastest. M2 Comfort could achieve F speed and Ultra-speed achieved E speed using Automat XR chemicals. The speed of Ektaspeed Plus was independent of the automatic processing solution used. Ultra-Speed film had the lowest base plus fog density and the widest latitude. Film contrast was similar irrespective of the film and solution combination.

CONCLUSIONS
The choice of processing chemistry can affect radiographic characteristics. The new F film reduces patient exposure by one-half compared with E speed film with no detriment to image quality.
Precision and accuracy of measurements in digital panoramic radiography
Authors: Schulze R , Krummenauer F , Schalldach F , d'Hoedt B 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the precision and accuracy of digital measurements in digital panoramic radiography.

METHODS
A series of 70 digital panoramic radiographs were obtained of a dry skull in seven different positions with metallic pins and spheres fixed to the mandible. Three replicate measurements were performed with the mouse-driven cursor by one reader at 1:1 and 2:1 magnification. Precision was assessed with the reliability index (R) and Malony/Rastogi test and the effect of magnification on accuracy by paired Wilcoxon test.

RESULTS
Vertical measurements were less reproducible than horizontal measurements. There were significant differences in assessments between images at 1:1 and 2:1 magnification (P &lt; 0.05). The maximum variation in mean difference was 0.4% of actual object length for pins and 1.2% for spheres. The difference did not exceed 0.1 mm. R was lower for 2:1 magnification and consistently lower for spheres compared with pins.

CONCLUSION
The most reliable measurements were obtained of linear objects in the horizontal plane. Digital measurements are sufficiently accurate for clinical use.
The value of magnetic resonance imaging in a fistula of Wharton's duct
Authors: Salerno S , Cannizzaro F , Lo Casto A , Barresi B , Speciale R 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A 30-year-old woman developed a fistula of the Wharton's duct following excision of the submandibular gland. The contribution of conventional fistulography, MRI and MRI fistulography in detecting the exact extent of the fistula is discussed.
Sonographic analysis of rat submandibular glands in experimentally-induced sialadenitis
Authors: Shimizu M , Tokumori K , Saitoh M , Miwa K , Yoshiura K , Kanda S 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES
To correlate the sonographic features of experimentally-induced obstructive sialadenitis in rat submandibular glands with the histopathological changes.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Changes in sonograms of ligated and non-ligated rat submandibular glands were compared with the wet weight and histopathology. Sonograms were obtained at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7 and 21 days after duct ligation at 13 and 14 MHz for B-mode and for power Doppler mode respectively. Changes in gland size, echo intensity, distribution of internal echoes and vascularity were evaluated both qualitatively and quantitatively.

RESULTS
Changes in size of the ligated glands were very similar to changes in wet weight. The ligated glands showed lower echo intensity than the non-ligated glands. The ligated glands showed higher echo intensity in the central portion at 4-7 days after duct ligation which resulted in heterogeneity of the glands. Vascularity of the ligated glands increased in the acute phase, and then decreased to the level of the non-ligated glands.

CONCLUSIONS
The three phases in the changes in ligated glands identifiable histopathologically can be differentiated by B-mode sonography. Power Doppler can differentiate the acute phase. Sonography therefore appears useful for the diagnosis of the degree of gland damage.
Imaging of malignant cervical lymphadenopathy.
Authors: Connor S E , Olliff J F 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Diagnostic imaging is superior to clinical staging in the detection of malignant cervical lymphadenopathy, and thus helps influence therapy and prognosis. The imaging modalities of CT, MRI, US and PET each have their own diagnostic criteria, accuracy and limitations. Newer innovations such as functional imaging, novel MRI contrast agents and FNAC are being appraised with the aim of identifying the micrometastases which are currently radiologically occult.