bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advantages of care for patients with hip fractures in the acute geriatric unit: Hip study Anoia
Authors: Duaso Enric , Formiga Francesc , Marimón Patrícia , Sandiumenge Montserrat , Salgado Maria Teresa , Murga Victor , Gamboa Andrés , Rodriguez Carlos , Castellà Jaume , Escalante Enrique , Lumbreras Célia , Tarrida Anna , Sellarès Ramón 
Published: November 2017

AimHip fracture as a result of bone fragility is characterized by poor health outcomes in the medium and long term. Our goal was to compare a new orthogeriatric model with the old trauma model and evaluate improvements in clinical management.MethodsWe carried out a comparative unicentric study, a historical sample (trauma model) collected from 1 June 2007 to 31 May 2010, versus a prospective sample (orthogeriatric model) collected from 1 June 2010 until 31 May 2013. We included all patients aged >69 years with hip fracture as a result of bone fragility.ResultsA total of 792 patients were evaluated (mean age 84.3 years). The surgical waiting period went from 2.70 days in the trauma model to 1.86 days in the orthogeriatric model (P < 0.001); the average stay was 15.76 days in the trauma model, and for the orthogeriatric model was reduced to 5.90 days (P < 0.001); mortality went from 4.5% to 1.3% (P ≤ 0.010); 1 month readmission for hip dislocation was reduced from 2.3% to 0.5% (P = 0.032).After a 6‐month follow up, we had 302 trauma model patients and 287 orthogeriatric model patients. After 1 year, we had 288 patients in the trauma model and 264 patients in the orthogeriatric model. The main cause of abandonment was death, 108 patients (27.3%) in the trauma model and 100 patients (27.5%) in the orthogeriatric model (P = 0.951).ConclusionsWhen we compared the two models, we found statistically significant better results in the preoperative waiting period, average stay, hospital mortality and 1 month readmission as a result of hip prosthesis luxation in favor of the orthogeriatric model. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 407–414.
Creating and facilitating change for Person‐Centred Coordinated Care (P3C): The development of the Organisational Change Tool (P3C‐OCT)
Authors: Horrell Jane , Lloyd Helen , Sugavanam Thavapriya , Close James , Byng Richard 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundPerson Centred Coordinated Care (P3C) is a UK priority for patients, carers, professionals, commissioners and policy makers. Services are developing a range of approaches to deliver this care with a lack of tools to guide implementation.MethodologyA scoping review and critical examination of current policy, key literature and NHS guidelines, together with stakeholder involvement led to the identification of domains, subdomains and component activities (processes and behaviours) required to deliver P3C. These were validated through codesign with stakeholders via a series of workshops and cognitive interviews.ResultsSix core domains of P3C were identified as follows: (i) my goals, (ii) care planning, (iii) transitions, (iv) decision making (v), information and communication and (vi) organizational support activities. These were populated by 29 core subdomains (question items). A number of response codes (components) to each question provide examples of the processes and activities that can be actioned to achieve each core subdomain of P3C.ConclusionThe P3C‐OCT provides a coherent approach to monitoring progress and supporting practice development towards P3C. It can be used to generate a shared understanding of the core domains of P3C at a service delivery level, and support reorganization of care for those with complex needs. The tool can reliably detect change over time, as demonstrated in a sample of 40 UK general practices. It is currently being used in four UK evaluations of new models of care and being further developed as a training tool for the delivery of P3C.
Age gap between the intrusion of gneissose granitoids and regional high‐temperature metamorphism in the Ryoke belt (Mikawa area), central Japan
Authors: Takatsuka Kota , Kawakami Tetsuo , Skrzypek Etienne , Sakata Shuhei , Obayashi Hideyuki , Hirata Takafumi 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe relationships between the intrusion of gneissose granitoids and the attainment of regional high‐T conditions recorded in metamorphic rocks from the Ryoke belt of the Mikawa area, central Japan, are explored. Seven gneissose granitoid samples (tonalite, granodiorite, granite) were collected from three distinct plutonic bodies that are mapped as the so‐called “Older Ryoke granitoids.” Based on bulk‐rock compositions and U–Pb zircon ages obtained by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, the analyzed granitoids can be separated into two groups. Gneissose granitoids from the northern part of the area give weighted mean 206Pb/238U ages of 99 ±1 Ma (two samples) and 95 ±1 Ma (one sample), whereas those from the southern part yield 81 ±1 Ma (two samples) and 78–77 ±1 Ma (two samples). Regional comparisons allow correlation of the northern granitoids (99–95 Ma) with the Kiyosaki granodiorite, and mostly with the Kamihara tonalite found to the east. The southern granitoids are tentatively renamed as “78–75 Ma (Hbl)−Bt granite” and “81–75 Ma Hbl−Bt tonalite” (Hbl, hornblende; Bt, biotite). and seem to be broadly coeval members of the same magmatic suite. With respect to available age data, no gneissose granitoid from the Mikawa area shows a U–Pb zircon age which matches that of high‐T metamorphism (ca 87 Ma). The southern gneissose granitoids (81–75 Ma), although they occur in the highest‐grade metamorphic zone, do not seem to represent the heat source which produced the metamorphic field gradient with a low dP/dT slope.
Ultrasonic‐assisted wet chemical etching of fused silica for high‐power laser systems
Authors: Ye Hui , Li Yaguo , Yuan Zhigang , Zhang Qinghua 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBrittle scratches (microcracks) are important damage precursors to fused silica optics under 351/355‐nm laser irradiation. HF‐based etching is an economical way to mitigate the influence of scratches on laser‐induced damage. We here employed ultrasonic/megasonic‐assisted HF etching to alleviate the damage precursors. Samples were treated by being submerged into 6 wt% HF solution under various conditions, that is, without acoustic power and with acoustic power at different power density, to etch various material away from fused silica surfaces. The evolution of scratch morphologies was monitored and damage performance was tested against the surfaces without brittle scratches (control samples). The results show that the scratches can be enlarged and the microcracks can be opened and blunted by means of wet chemical etching. Approximately 25 μm material removal is sufficient to remove the lateral cracks that accompany the brittle scratches. It is shown that wet chemical etching can increase the laser‐induced damage threshold (LIDT) at the scratches up to a factor of 1.77, while the addition of acoustics (~0.6 W/cm2 and/or ~2 W/cm2) has marginal effects on the LIDT. However, the acoustic‐assisted etching can increase slightly the etching rate of fused silica and more powerful acoustics can lead to a little higher etching rate.
Incidence of in‐hospital and post‐discharge diagnosed hospital‐associated venous thromboembolism using linked administrative data
Authors: Stubbs Joanne M. , Assareh Hassan , Curnow Jennifer , Hitos Kerry , Achat Helen M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundHospital‐associated venous thromboembolism (HA‐VTE) is a serious adverse event, preventable with appropriate care during and post‐admission. Accurate measurement of in‐hospital and post‐discharge incidences is essential for implementation and evaluation of prevention strategies and monitoring.AimsTo estimate in‐hospital and post‐discharge diagnosed VTE, trends and risk factors.MethodsThis was a population‐based study in New South Wales, Australia, using linked hospital admission and emergency department data for 2010–2013 of adult patients with a minimum stay of 48 h. HA‐VTE were diagnosed in‐hospital or post‐discharge (within 90 days). Multi‐level modelling schemes produced adjusted rates and ratios for patient, admission and hospital‐related characteristics.ResultsFrom 1 865 059 admissions, the HA‐VTE incidence rate was 9.7 per 1000 admissions; 71% were diagnosed post‐discharge, and 4.3% died with a greater risk for VTE diagnosed in hospital compared to post‐discharge (8.4% vs 2.6%, P < 0.001). Compared with surgical patients, medical patients developed fewer HA‐VTE (IRR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.58–0.63) but were more likely to be diagnosed post‐discharge (OR = 2.19; 95% CI: 2.00–2.40). HA‐VTE increased 6.5% over the period, driven by the 44% increase in in‐hospital diagnoses and not by the 9% decrease in post‐discharge diagnoses.ConclusionsHA‐VTE is a continuing burden, and diagnosis after recent hospital discharge is notably high. Incidence varies across patients and facilities, highlighting the need for individual VTE risk assessment. Inclusive measures and routine monitoring of HA‐VTE incidence and mortality are essential for implementing best practice and assessing effectiveness of prevention strategies.
B‐cell receptor repertoire sequencing in patients with primary immunodeficiency: a review
Authors: Ghraichy Marie , Galson Jacob D. , Kelly Dominic F. , Trück Johannes 
Published: November 2017

SummaryThe advent of next‐generation sequencing (NGS) now allows a detailed assessment of the adaptive immune system in health and disease. In particular, high‐throughput B‐cell receptor (BCR) repertoire sequencing provides detailed information about the functionality and abnormalities of the B‐cell system. However, it is mostly unknown how the BCR repertoire is altered in the context of primary immunodeficiencies (PID) and whether findings are consistent throughout phenotypes and genotypes. We have performed an extensive literature search of the published work on BCR repertoire sequencing in PID patients, including several forms of predominantly antibody disorders and combined immunodeficiencies. It is somewhat surprising that BCR repertoires, even from severe clinical phenotypes, often show only mild abnormalities and that diversity or immunoglobulin gene segment usage is generally preserved to some extent. Despite the great variety of wet laboratory and analytical methods that were used in the different studies, several findings are common to most investigated PIDs, such as the increased usage of gene segments that are associated with self‐reactivity. These findings suggest that BCR repertoire characteristics may be used to assess the functionality of the B‐cell compartment irrespective of the underlying defect. With the use of NGS approaches, there is now the opportunity to apply BCR repertoire sequencing to multiple patients and explore the PID BCR repertoire in more detail. Ultimately, using BCR repertoire sequencing in translational research could aid the management of PID patients by improving diagnosis, estimating functionality of the immune system and improving assessment of prognosis.
New methodology for determining the dielectric constant of a piezoelectric material at the resonance frequency range
Authors: Daneshpajooh Hossein , Shekhani Husain N. , Choi Minkyu , Uchino Kenji 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA new methodology is proposed to measure the dielectric constant and loss of a piezoelectric at the resonance frequency range based on the burst excitation method. Using a k31 type soft PZT rectangular specimen, we investigated the “force” and “voltage” factors carefully under the short‐ and open‐circuit conditions of the burst method, in terms of the ratio of the ring‐down current and voltage with the plate end vibration velocity and the displacement, and their phase lags. We provide the obtained material properties, including loss parameters, in particular, dielectric properties at the resonance frequency range.
Detecting outliers in species distribution data
Authors: Liu Canran , White Matt , Newell Graeme 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAimSpecies distribution data play a pivotal role in the study of ecology, evolution, biogeography and biodiversity conservation. Although large amounts of location data are available and accessible from public databases, data quality remains problematic. Of the potential sources of error, positional errors are critical for spatial applications, particularly where these errors place observations beyond the environmental or geographical range of species. These outliers need to be identified, checked and removed to improve data quality and minimize the impact on subsequent analyses. Manually checking all species records within large multispecies datasets is prohibitively costly. This work investigates algorithms that may assist in the efficient vetting of outliers in such large datasets.LocationWe used real, spatially explicit environmental data derived from the western part of Victoria, Australia, and simulated species distributions within this same region.MethodsBy adapting species distribution modelling (SDM), we developed a pseudo‐SDM approach for detecting outliers in species distribution data, which was implemented with random forest (RF) and support vector machine (SVM) resulting in two new methods: RF_pdSDM and SVM_pdSDM. Using virtual species, we compared eight existing multivariate outlier detection methods with these two new methods under various conditions.ResultsThe two new methods based on the pseudo‐SDM approach had higher true skill statistic (TSS) values than other approaches, with TSS values always exceeding 0. More than 70% of the true outliers in datasets for species with a low and intermediate prevalence can be identified by checking 10% of the data points with the highest outlier scores.Main conclusionsPseudo‐SDM‐based methods were more effective than other outlier detection methods. However, this outlier detection procedure can only be considered as a screening tool, and putative outliers must be examined by experts to determine whether they are actual errors or important records within an inherently biased set of data.
Phenotypic plasticity in response to environmental heterogeneity contributes to fluctuating asymmetry in plants: first empirical evidence
Authors: Tucić Branka , Budečević Sanja , Manitašević Jovanović Sanja , Vuleta Ana , Klingenberg Christian Peter 
Published: November 2017

AbstractFluctuating asymmetry (FA) is widely used to quantify developmental instability (DI) in ecological and evolutionary studies. It has long been recognized thatFAmay not exclusively originate fromDIfor sessile organisms such as plants, because phenotypic plasticity in response to heterogeneities in the environment might also produceFA. This study provides the first empirical evidence for this hypothesis. We reasoned that solar irradiance, which is greater on the southern side than on the northern side of plants growing in the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere, would cause systematic morphological differences and asymmetry associated with the orientation of plant parts. We used geometric morphometrics to characterize the size and shape of flower parts inIris pumilagrown in a common garden. The size of floral organs was not significantly affected by orientation. Shape and particularly its asymmetric component differed significantly according to orientation for three different floral parts. Orientation accounted for 10.4% of the total shape asymmetry within flowers in the falls, for 11.4% in the standards and for 2.2% in the style branches. This indicates that phenotypic plasticity in response to a directed environmental factor, most likely solar irradiance, contributes toFAof flowers under natural conditions. ThatFApartly results from phenotypic plasticity and not just fromDIneeds to be considered by studies ofFAin plants and other sessile organisms.
Histochemical distribution of four types of enzymes and mucous cells in the gastrointestinal tract of reared half‐smooth tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis
Authors: Wang Y. Z. , Sun J. F. , Lv A. J. , Zhang S. L. , Sung Y. Y. , Shi H. Y. , Hu X. C. , Chen S. J. , Xing K. Z. 
Published: November 2017

The histochemical distribution of acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), non‐specific esterase (NSE), peroxidase (POD) and mucous‐cell types was evaluated in the gastrointestinal tract of the half‐smooth tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis. The enzymes were detected in the entire stretch of the gastrointestinal tract. ACP activity was found in the supranuclear region of enterocytes and the lamina propria of the intestine, as well as the cytoplasm of epithelial cells of the stomach. The staining intensity of ACP in the anterior and posterior intestines was stronger than in the stomach. ALP activity was detected in the striated border of enterocytes and muscularis of the whole intestine, lamina propria and supranuclear cytoplasm of the enterocytes in the anterior intestine, as well as in the blood vessels of the stomach. The staining intensity for ALP in the anterior intestine was stronger than in the posterior segment and the latter was stronger than in the stomach. NSE activity was detected in the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells in the entire gastrointestinal tract, with the anterior intestine showing stronger intensity than the stomach. POD activity was located in the blood cells of the lamina propria of the gastrointestinal tract and the levels in the stomach were similar to the anterior and posterior intestines. Alcian blue (pH 2·5) periodic acid Schiff (AB‐PAS) histochemical results revealed three types of mucous cells in the gastrointestinal tract. Type I cells (PAS+AB‐) were observed among the gastric mucosa columnar cells in the stomach and enterocytes in the basal region of the villi and in the middle and top regions of the intestinal villi. Type II cells (PAS‐AB+) and type III cells (PAS+AB+) were not detected in the stomach but were distributed ubiquitously among enterocytes in the middle and top regions of the intestinal villi.
Outcomes of pneumatic dilation in achalasia: Extended follow‐up of more than 25 years with a focus on manometric subtypes
Authors: Müller Michaela , Keck Christina , Eckardt Alexander J , Werling Sarah , Wehrmann Till , König Jochem , Gockel Ines 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackground and AimPneumatic dilation (PD) is the most popular nonsurgical treatment for achalasia. This study investigated predicting factors, including manometric subtypes for symptom recurrence in the long term, in patients with achalasia treated with a single PD.MethodsBetween 1983 and 2013, a total of 107 patients were treated initially with a single PD and included in this longitudinal cohort study. Outcomes were correlated with demographics, symptoms (Eckardt score), and esophagographic and manometric features. Manometric tracings were retrospectively classified according to the three subtypes of the Chicago classification.ResultsNinety‐one (85%) patients were successfully treated after the first PD. The median follow‐up was 13.8 years (interquartile range 7–20). During follow‐up, 54% of the patients experienced a clinical relapse. The overall cumulative success rates at 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 years were 64%, 53%, 49%, 42%, 36%, and 36%, respectively. Age < 40 years, lower esophageal sphincter pressure > 15 mmHg, a cardia width < 5 mm, and an esophageal barium column height > 1 cm 4 to 12 weeks post‐dilation significantly correlated with symptom recurrence, whereas achalasia subtypes did not significantly correlate with the treatment results.ConclusionPneumatic dilation in achalasia is an effective therapy in the short term, but its effect wanes in the very long term. Young age at presentation, a high lower esophageal sphincter pressure, a narrow cardia, and an esophageal barium column of > 1 cm after PD are predictive factors for the need of repeated treatment.
Comparison of Fit of Dentures Fabricated by Traditional Techniques Versus CAD/CAM Technology
Authors: McLaughlin J. Bryan , Ramos Van , Dickinson Douglas P. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPurposeTo compare the shrinkage of denture bases fabricated by three methods: CAD/CAM, compression molding, and injection molding. The effect of arch form and palate depth was also tested.Materials and MethodsNine titanium casts, representing combinations of tapered, ovoid, and square arch forms and shallow, medium, and deep palate depths, were fabricated using electron beam melting (EBM) technology. For each base fabrication method, three poly(vinyl siloxane) impressions were made from each cast, 27 dentures for each method. Compression‐molded dentures were fabricated using Lucitone 199 poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA), and injection molded dentures with Ivobase's Hybrid Pink PMMA. For CAD/CAM, denture bases were designed and milled by Avadent using their Light PMMA. To quantify the space between the denture and the master cast, silicone duplicating material was placed in the intaglio of the dentures, the titanium master cast was seated under pressure, and the silicone was then trimmed and recovered. Three silicone measurements per denture were recorded, for a total of 243 measurements. Each silicone measurement was weighed and adjusted to the surface area of the respective arch, giving an average and standard deviation for each denture.ResultsComparison of manufacturing methods showed a statistically significant difference (p = 0.0001). Using a ratio of the means, compression molding had on average 41% to 47% more space than injection molding and CAD/CAM. Comparison of arch/palate forms showed a statistically significant difference (p = 0.023), with shallow palate forms having more space with compression molding. The ovoid shallow form showed CAD/CAM and compression molding had more space than injection molding.ConclusionOverall, injection molding and CAD/CAM fabrication methods produced equally well‐fitting dentures, with both having a better fit than compression molding. Shallow palates appear to be more affected by shrinkage than medium or deep palates. Shallow ovoid arch forms appear to benefit from the use of injection molding compared to CAD/CAM and compression molding.
Developmental Links Between Gaming and Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Mikuška Jakub , Vazsonyi Alexander T. 
Published: November 2017

The current longitudinal study tested the reciprocal relationships between video game play and depressive symptoms among 9,421 adolescents from the Add Health (Mage = 16.15 years, SD = 1.64, 55% female), over 11 years (Waves 2, 3, and 4), ages 16 to 27. Based on structural equation modeling as well as latent growth models, findings indicated that (1) excessive gaming was largely transient over time, from adolescence to early adulthood; (2) excessive gaming predicted increases in depressive symptoms; and (3) in turn, depressive symptoms predicted decreases in gaming over time. Multigroup model tests by sex provided additional evidence that longitudinal relationships from excessive gaming to depressive symptoms were supported for male, but not for female youth.