bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The magnetic early B-type stars I: magnetometry and rotation
Authors: Shultz M E , Wade G A , Rivinius Th , Neiner C , Alecian E , Bohlender D , Monin D , Sikora J ,   the MiMeS and BinaMIcS Collaborations
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The rotational and magnetic properties of many magnetic hot stars are poorly characterized, therefore the Magnetism in Massive Stars and Binarity and Magnetic Interactions in various classes of Stars collaborations have collected extensive high-dispersion spectropolarimetric data sets of these targets. We present longitudinal magnetic field measurements 〈Bz〉 for 52 early B-type stars (B5–B0), with which we attempt to determine their rotational periods Prot. Supplemented with high-resolution spectroscopy, low-resolution Dominion Astrophysical Observatory circular spectropolarimetry, and archival Hipparcos photometry, we determined Prot for 10 stars, leaving only five stars for which Prot could not be determined. Rotational ephemerides for 14 stars were refined via comparison of new to historical magnetic measurements. The distribution of Prot is very similar to that observed for the cooler Ap/Bp stars. We also measured v sin i and vmac for all stars. Comparison to non-magnetic stars shows that v sin i is much lower for magnetic stars, an expected consequence of magnetic braking. We also find evidence that vmac is lower for magnetic stars. Least-squares deconvolution profiles extracted using single-element masks revealed widespread, systematic discrepancies in 〈Bz〉 between different elements: this effect is apparent only for chemically peculiar stars, suggesting it is a consequence of chemical spots. Sinusoidal fits to H line 〈Bz〉 measurements (which should be minimally affected by chemical spots), yielded evidence of surface magnetic fields more complex than simple dipoles in six stars for which this has not previously been reported; however, in all six cases, the second- and third-order amplitudes are small relative to the first-order (dipolar) amplitudes.
Estimating the Hospital Delivery Costs Associated With Severe Maternal Morbidity in New York City, 2008–2012
Authors: Howland Renata E. , Angley Meghan , Won Sang Hee , Wilcox Wendy , Searing Hannah , Tsao Tsu-Yu 
Published: January 2018

OBJECTIVE:
To quantify the average and total hospital delivery costs associated with severe maternal morbidity in excess of nonsevere maternal morbidity deliveries over a 5-year period in New York City adjusting for other sociodemographic and clinical factors.

METHODS:
We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study using linked birth certificates and hospital discharge data for New York City deliveries from 2008 to 2012. Severe maternal morbidity was defined using a published algorithm of International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification disease and procedure codes. Hospital costs were estimated by converting hospital charges using factors specific to each year and hospital and to each diagnosis. These estimates approximate what it costs the hospital to provide services (excluding professional fees) and were used in all subsequent analyses. To estimate adjusted mean costs associated with severe maternal morbidity, we used multivariable regression models with a log link, gamma distribution, robust standard errors, and hospital fixed effects, controlling for age, race and ethnicity, neighborhood poverty, primary payer, number of deliveries, method of delivery, comorbidities, and year. We used the adjusted mean cost to determine the average and total hospital delivery costs associated with severe maternal morbidity in excess of nonsevere maternal morbidity deliveries from 2008 to 2012.

RESULTS:
Approximately 2.3% (n=13,502) of all New York City delivery hospitalizations were complicated by severe maternal morbidity. Compared with nonsevere maternal morbidity deliveries, these hospitalizations were clinically complicated, required more and intensive clinical services, and had a longer stay in the hospital. The average cost of delivery with severe maternal morbidity was $14,442 (95% CI $14,128–14,756), compared with $7,289 (95% CI $7,276–7,302) among deliveries without severe maternal morbidity. After adjusting for other factors, the difference between deliveries with and without severe maternal morbidity remained high ($6,126). Over 5 years, this difference resulted in approximately $83 million in total excess costs (13,502×$6,126).

CONCLUSION:
Severe maternal morbidity nearly doubled the cost of delivery above and beyond other drivers of cost, resulting in tens of millions of excess dollars spent in the health care system in New York City. These findings can be used to demonstrate the burden of severe maternal morbidity and evaluate the cost-effectiveness of interventions to improve maternal health.
Racial Disparities in Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes and Psychosocial Stress
Authors: Grobman William A. , Parker Corette B. , Willinger Marian , Wing Deborah A. , Silver Robert M. , Wapner Ronald J. , Simhan Hyagriv N. , Parry Samuel , Mercer Brian M. , Haas David M. , Peaceman Alan M. , Hunter Shannon , Wadhwa Pathik , Elovitz Michal A. , Foroud Tatiana , Saade George , Reddy Uma M. ,   for the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study: Monitoring Mothers-to-Be (nuMoM2b) Network*
Published: January 2018

OBJECTIVE:
To assess the relationships between self-reported psychosocial stress and preterm birth, hypertensive disease of pregnancy, and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) birth and to assess the extent to which these relationships account for racial and ethnic disparities in these adverse outcomes.

METHODS:
Self-reported measures of psychosocial stress (perceived stress, depression, racism, anxiety, resilience, and social support) were collected during pregnancy among a racially and ethnically diverse cohort of women enrolled in a prospective observational study of nulliparous women with singleton pregnancies, from eight clinical sites across the United States, between October 2010 and May 2014. The associations of preterm birth, hypertensive disease of pregnancy, and SGA birth with the self-reported measures of psychosocial stress as well as with race and ethnicity were evaluated.

RESULTS:
The study included 9,470 women (60.4% non-Hispanic white, 13.8% non-Hispanic black, 16.7% Hispanic, 4.0% Asian, and 5.0% other). Non-Hispanic black women were significantly more likely to experience any preterm birth, hypertensive disease of pregnancy, and SGA birth than were non-Hispanic white women (12.2% vs 8.0%, 16.7% vs 13.4%, and 17.2% vs 8.6%, respectively; P<.05 for all). After adjusting for potentially confounding factors, including the six different psychosocial factors singly and in combination, non-Hispanic black women continued to be at greater risk of any preterm birth and SGA birth compared with non-Hispanic white women.

CONCLUSION:
Among a large and geographically diverse cohort of nulliparous women with singleton gestations, non-Hispanic black women are most likely to experience preterm birth, hypertensive disease of pregnancy, and SGA birth. These disparities were not materially altered for preterm birth or SGA birth by adjustment for demographic differences and did not appear to be explained by differences in self-reported psychosocial factors.
Association of Pharmacologic Treatment of Urgency Urinary Incontinence With Sleep Quality and Daytime Sleepiness
Authors: Warsi Qurratul A. , Huang Alison J. , Hess Rachel , Arya Lily A. , Richter Holly E. , Bradley Catherine S. , Rogers Rebecca G. , Myers Deborah L. , Johnson Karen C. , Winkelman William D. , Gregory W. Thomas , Kraus Stephen R. , Schembri Michael , Brown Jeanette S. , Stone Katie L. , Subak Leslee L. 
Published: January 2018

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the association between pharmacologic therapy for urgency urinary incontinence (UUI) and sleep quality.

METHODS:
We conducted a planned secondary data analysis of sleep outcomes in a previously conducted multicenter, double-blind, 12-week randomized trial of pharmacologic therapy for urgency-predominant incontinence among community-dwelling women self-diagnosed using the 3-Incontinence Questions questionnaire. Participants (N=645) were assigned randomly to 4–8 mg antimuscarinic therapy daily or placebo. At baseline and 12 weeks, participants completed a validated voiding diary to evaluate incontinence and voiding symptoms, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index to evaluate sleep quality, and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale to evaluate daytime sleepiness.

RESULTS:
Mean (SD) age was 56 (±14) years, 68% were white, and 57% had poor sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score greater than 5). Mean frequency of any urinary incontinence and UUI was 4.6 and 3.9 episodes/d, respectively. After 12 weeks, women randomized to the antimuscarinic group reported greater decrease compared with the placebo group in UUI frequency (0.9 episodes/d; P<.001) and diurnal and nocturnal voiding frequency (P<.05). As compared with the placebo group, women in the antimuscarinic group also reported greater improvement in sleep quality (total Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score 0.48; P=.02) with greater improvement in sleep duration and sleep efficiency subscales (P<.05). The intervention did not affect daytime sleepiness.

CONCLUSION:
Pharmacologic treatment of UUI is associated with decreased incontinence frequency and nocturia and improvement in overall sleep quality, sleep duration, and sleep efficiency.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION:

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00862745.
Distal Femoral Valgus and Recurrent Traumatic Patellar Instability: Is an Isolated Varus Producing Distal Femoral Osteotomy a Treatment Option?
Authors: Wilson Philip L. , Black Sheena R. , Ellis Henry B. , Podeszwa David A. 
Published: January 2018

Background:
Genu valgum, a risk factor for recurrent patellofemoral instability, can be addressed with a varus producing distal femoral osteotomy (DFO). The purpose of this study is to report 3-year clinical and radiographic outcomes on a series of skeletally mature adolescents with traumatic patellofemoral instability and genu valgum who underwent a varus producing DFO.

Methods:
Consecutive patients (n=11) who underwent an isolated DFO for recurrent traumatic patellar instability over a 4-year study period (2009 to 2012) were reviewed. All patients were below 19 years of age, skeletally mature, had ≥2 patellar dislocations, genu valgum (≥ zone II mechanical axis) and failed nonoperative treatment. Exclusion criteria included less than three-year follow-up, congenital or habitual patellar instability, osteotomy indicated for pathology other than patellar instability, or biplanar osteotomies. Demographic, clinical, and radiographic data were retrospectively analyzed. Recurrence of instability and outcome measures (Kujala and Tegner Activity Scale) were collected at final followed-up prospectively.

Results:
Ten of 11 patients (average age, 16 y; range, 14 to 18 y; 4 male individuals: 7 female individuals) with an average follow-up of 4.25 years (range, 3.2 to 6.0 y) met inclusion criteria. The average body mass index (BMI) of all patients was 31.3 (range, 19.7 to 46.8) with 91% considered overweight (BMI>25) and 55% obese (BMI>30). The average preoperative lateral distal femoral angle was 75.4 degrees with an average correction of 10.4 degrees (range, 7 to 12 degrees) (P<0.001). Mean patellar height ratios were reduced; with Caton-Deschamps Index significantly reduced to 1.08 (range, 0.86 to 1.30) (P<0.005). The average postoperative Kujala score was 83.6 (range, 49 to 99) with 7 subjects (70%) reporting good to excellent function (Kujala > 80) and 8 (80%) having no further episodes of instability. The mean postoperative Tegner activity score was 5.5 (range, 3 to 7).

Conclusions:
A distal femoral varus producing osteotomy may change radiographic parameters associated with patellar instability and improve clinical outcomes by reducing symptomatic patellofemoral instability in this patient population.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV.
Long-Term Outcome After Penetrating Keratoplasty in a Pedigree With the G177E Mutation in the UBIAD1 Gene for Schnyder Corneal Dystrophy
Authors: Kitazawa Koji , Wakimasu Koichi , Kayukawa Kanae , Sugimoto Manabu , Nakai Junko , Weiss Jayne S. , Ueno Morio , Sotozono Chie , Kinoshita Shigeru 
Published: January 2018

Purpose:
To investigate the long-term surgical outcome after penetrating keratoplasty in 5 patients from 1 pedigree with Schnyder corneal dystrophy (SCD), resulting from the same UbiA prenyltransferase domain containing 1 (UBIAD1) mutation.

Methods:
This retrospective study involved 6 eyes of 5 patients who underwent penetrating keratoplasty for treatment of SCD. Postoperative surgical outcome measures included the analysis of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), corneal endothelial cell density, and the rates of corneal graft rejection and disease recurrence. Genomic DNA was extracted from whole peripheral blood samples obtained from each patient at the time of surgery, and mutation analysis of the UBIAD1 gene was then performed.

Results:
All patients were found to have the same G177E mutation in the UBIAD1 gene. Mean patient age at the time of surgery was 61.5 ± 10.4 years (range, 49–72 yrs), and mean postoperative follow-up period was 8.8 ± 3.1 years (range, 3–11 yrs). Preoperatively, BCVA ranged from logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) 1.7 to logMAR 0.22; yet, it was found that BCVA had improved to logMAR 0.02 at 3 years postoperatively. Mean corneal endothelial cell density at 3, 5, and 8 years postoperatively was 2181, 1783, and 910 cells/mm2, respectively. In all eyes, no disease recurrence or corneal graft rejection was observed during the follow-up period, and graft transparency was maintained.

Conclusions:
Our findings show that the corneal grafts in the reported SCD pedigree remained clear with no rejection or disease recurrence over the long term.
Ultrasound Imaging and Guided Injection for the Lateral and Posterior Hip
Authors: Chang Ke-Vin , Wu Wei-Ting , Lew Henry L. , Özçakar Levent 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Ultrasound has emerged as one of the most utilized tools to diagnose musculoskeletal disorders and to assist in interventions. Traditionally, sonographic examination of the hip joint has been challenging because most of the major structures are deeply situated, thus requiring the use of curvilinear transducer for better penetrance. The posterior lateral hip is a frequent area for musculoskeletal pain and nerve entrapments. Common disorders include greater trochanteric pain syndrome, gluteus medius tendinopathy, piriformis syndrome, pudendal neuralgia, and proximal hamstring tendinopathy. The present review article aims to delineate sonoanatomy of the posterior lateral hip and to exemplify several common ultrasound guided procedures at the greater trochanteric, gluteal, and ischial tuberosity regions.
Physical Activity Patterns and Sedentary Behavior in Older Women With Urinary Incontinence: an Accelerometer-based Study
Authors: Chu Christine M. , Khanijow Kavita D. , Schmitz Kathryn H. , Newman Diane K. , Arya Lily A. , Harvie Heidi S. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose
Objective physical activity data for women with urinary incontinence are lacking. We investigated the relationship between physical activity, sedentary behavior, and the severity of urinary symptoms in older community-dwelling women with urinary incontinence using accelerometers.

Materials and Methods
This is a secondary analysis of a study that measured physical activity (step count, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity time) and sedentary behavior (percentage of sedentary time, number of sedentary bouts per day) using a triaxial accelerometer in older community-dwelling adult women not actively seeking treatment of their urinary symptoms. The relationship between urinary symptoms and physical activity variables was measured using linear regression.

Results
Our cohort of 35 community-dwelling women (median, age, 71 years) demonstrated low physical activity (median daily step count, 2168; range, 687–5205) and high sedentary behavior (median percentage of sedentary time, 74%; range, 54%–89%). Low step count was significantly associated with nocturia (P = 0.02). Shorter duration of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity time was significantly associated with nocturia (P = 0.001), nocturnal enuresis (P = 0.04), and greater use of incontinence products (P = 0.04). Greater percentage of time spent in sedentary behavior was also significantly associated with nocturia (P = 0.016).

Conclusions
Low levels of physical activity are associated with greater nocturia and nocturnal enuresis. Sedentary behavior is a new construct that may be associated with lower urinary tract symptoms. Physical activity and sedentary behavior represent potential new targets for treating nocturnal urinary tract symptoms.
How Does Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Influence the Brain in Depressive Disorders?
Authors: Taïb Simon , Arbus Christophe , Sauvaget Anne , Sporer Marie , Schmitt Laurent , Yrondi Antoine 
Published: January 2018

Objective
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a nonpharmacological technique used to stimulate the brain. It is a safe and proven alternative tool to treat resistant major depressive disorders (MDDs). Neuroimaging studies suggest a wide corticolimbic network is involved in MDDs. We researched observable changes in magnetic resonance imaging induced by rTMS to clarify the operational mechanism.

Methods
A systematic search of the international literature was performed using PubMed and Embase, using papers published up to January 1, 2017. The following MESH terms were used: (depression or major depressive disorder) and (neuroimaging or MRI) and (rTMS or repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation). We searched the databases using a previously defined strategy to identify potentially eligible studies.

Results
Both structural and functional changes were observed on magnetic resonance imagings performed before and after rTMS. Various areas of the brain were impacted when rTMS was used. Although the results were very heterogeneous, a pattern that involved the anterior cingulate cortex and the prefrontal cortex emerged. These are known to be regions of interest in MDDs. However, the various parameters used in rTMS make any generalization difficult.

Conclusions
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation helps to treat MDDs with good efficacy. Its effect on the brain, as observed in several neuroimaging studies, seems to impact on the structural and functional features of several networks and structures involved in major depressive disorders.
Local Protein Dynamics during Microvesicle Exocytosis in Neuroendocrine Cells
Authors: Somasundaram Agila , Taraska Justin 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTCalcium triggered exocytosis is key to many physiological processes, including neurotransmitter and hormone release by neurons and endocrine cells. Dozens of proteins regulate exocytosis, yet the temporal and spatial dynamics of these factors during vesicle fusion remain unclear. Here we use total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy to visualize local protein dynamics at single sites of exocytosis of small synaptic-like microvesicles in live cultured neuroendocrine PC12 cells. We employ two-color imaging to simultaneously observe membrane fusion (using vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) tagged to pHluorin) and the dynamics of associated proteins at the moments surrounding exocytosis. Our experiments show that many proteins, including the SNAREs syntaxin1 and VAMP2, the SNARE modulator tomosyn, and Rab proteins, are pre-clustered at fusion sites and rapidly lost at fusion. The ATPase NSF is locally recruited at fusion. Interestingly, the endocytic BAR domain-containing proteins amphiphysin1, syndapin2, and endophilins are dynamically recruited to fusion sites, and slow the loss of vesicle membrane-bound cargo from fusion sites. A similar effect on vesicle membrane protein dynamics was seen with the over-expression of the GTPases dynamin1 and dynamin2. These results suggest that proteins involved in classical clathrin-mediated endocytosis can regulate exocytosis of synaptic-like microvesicles. Our findings provide insights into the dynamics, assembly, and mechanistic roles of many key factors of exocytosis and endocytosis at single sites of microvesicle fusion in live cells.
Native experience modulates neural timing: plasticity in language prediction hierarchies
Authors: Giannelli Francesco , Molinaro Nicola 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWe investigated how native language experience shapes prediction mechanisms. Two groups of bilinguals (either Spanish or Basque natives) performed a word matching task (WMT) and a picture matching task (PMT). They indicated whether the stimuli they perceived matched with the noun they heard. Spanish noun endings were either diagnostic of the gender (transparent), or ambiguous (opaque). ERPs were time-locked to the gender-marked determiner preceding the predicted noun. In the WMT both groups showed a negative (~340 ms) effect. Basque natives displayed an earlier effect (~150 ms) for determiners preceding transparent nouns. In the PMT both groups showed an early effect (~160 ms) for determiners preceding opaque nouns. Transparent nouns' determiners elicited prediction at ~330 ms in Spanish natives, but at ~460 ms in Basque natives. It is concluded that bilinguals rely on the features of the L1 for predicting in the L2: native experience moulds prediction. Linguistic prediction is hierarchical, with different operation levels communicating at an interface stage.
Value Representations in the Rodent Orbitofrontal Cortex Drive Learning, not Choice
Authors: Miller Kevin J. , Botvinick Matthew M. , Brody Carlos D. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractHumans and animals make predictions about the rewards they expect to receive in different situations. In formal models of behavior, these predictions are known as value representations, and they play two very different roles. Firstly, they drive choice: the expected values of available options are compared to one another, and the best option is selected. Secondly, they support learning: expected values are compared to rewards actually received, and future expectations are updated accordingly. Whether these different functions are mediated by different neural representations remains an open question. Here we employ a recently-developed multi-step task for rats that computationally separates learning from choosing. We investigate the role of value representations in the rodent orbitofrontal cortex, a key structure for value-based cognition. Electrophysiological recordings and optogenetic perturbations indicate that these representations do not directly drive choice. Instead, they signal expected reward information to a learning process elsewhere in the brain that updates choice mechanisms.