bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hidden mechanisms beyond the pupillary block in acute angle closure: ultrasound biomicroscopic study
Authors: Suwan Yanin , Jiamsawad Sunpong , Supakontanasan Wasu , Teekhasaenee Chaiwat 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate the mechanisms of acute angle closure (AAC) other than the pupillary block using ultrasound biomicroscopy.DesignRetrospective chart review.ParticipantsAll patients who were diagnosed with AAC in Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand, between June 2011 and February 2015 were enrolled.MethodsSeventy‐two patients who were diagnosed with AAC underwent a detailed ocular examination. The diagnosed mechanism of AAC was confirmed by UBM and ocular biometry.Main Outcome MeasuresPrimary mechanism responsible for acute angle closure.ResultsIn 72 patients, the mean age was 62.33 ± 10.4 years, 18 (25%) patients were male and 54 (75%) patients were female. The primary mechanism of AAC was iridolenticular wrapping (crowded‐angle (CR) plus anterior lens subluxation (LS)) in 49 eyes (68.1%), pupillary block (PB) in 17 (23.6%) eyes, and plateau iris (PL) in 6 (8.3%) eyes. Thirty (41.7%) out of 72 eyes without previous iridotomy before UBM examination were analyzed. The most common primary mechanism in this group was iridolenticular wrapping (20 eyes, 66.7%). There were seven (23.3%) eyes that had a pupillary block, and only three (10.0%) eyes had plateau iris syndrome as the primary mechanism of AAC. There was a single mechanism in 14 (46.7%) eyes, and there were combined mechanisms in 16 (53.3%) eyes.ConclusionsThe most common mechanism contributing to AAC development in this Thai population was iridolenticular wrapping. From this study, we suggest that iridolenticular wrapping was the most common hidden mechanism beyond pupillary block among Thai patients.
Impact of biomaterial microtopography on bone regeneration: comparison of three hydroxyapatites
Authors: Lambert France , Bacevic Miljana , Layrolle Pierre , Schüpbach Peter , Drion Pierre , Rompen Eric 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAimsThe primary objective of this study was to compare the in vivo performance, namely in terms of quantity of newly formed bone and bone‐to‐material contact (osteoconductivity), of three hydroxyapatite‐based biomaterials (HA) of different origins (natural or synthetic) or manufacturing process in a sinus lift model in rabbits. The secondary objective was to correlate the findings with the physical and topographical characteristics of the biomaterials.Materials and MethodsTwo bovine HA manufactured with different processes (bovine hydroxyapatites [BHA] and cuttlebone hydroxyapatite [CBHA]) and a synthetic hydroxyapatite (SHA) sintered at high temperature were characterised with scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and the measurement of specific surface area (BET). The materials were implanted in a sinus lift model in rabbits; histological and histomorphometric evaluation using non‐decalcified sections was performed at 1, 5 and 12 weeks after implantation.ResultsThe studied biomaterials displayed a different surface topography. The two natural HA displayed significantly higher bone quantities (P = 0.0017; BHA vs. SHA, P = 0.0018 and CBHA vs. SHA, P = 0.033) at 5 and 12 weeks compared to the synthetic one (SHA). Moreover, the osteoconductivity (bone‐to‐material contact) was significantly higher in the BHA group compared to the two other groups (P = 0.014; BHA vs. SHA, P = 0.023 and BHA vs. CBHA, P = 0.033).ConclusionHA‐based biomaterials from diverse origins and manufacturing processes displayed different topographical characteristics. This may have influenced different regenerated bone architecture observed; more bone was found with natural HA compared to the synthetic one, and significantly higher bone‐to‐material contacts were found with BHA.
Molecular evidence supports the recognition ofEpitrix papaas a distinct species fromEpitrix similaris
Authors: Mouttet R. , Streito J.‐C. , Genson G. , Germain J.‐F. 
Published: October 2016

Following the description of the speciesEpitrix papaOrlova‐Bienkowskaja, 2015, which was previously misidentified in the EPPO region asE. similarisGentner, 1944, the authors assessed the mitochondrial cytochromecoxidase I (COI) sequence divergence between specimens ofE. papafrom Portugal andE. similarisfrom California. This study strongly supports the recognition ofE. papaas a distinct species fromE. similaris. It also complements existing genetic studies on the molecular identification ofEpitrixpotato flea beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) by making theE. similaris COIsequence publicly available.
Prioritising culvert removals to restore habitat for at‐risk salmonids in the boreal forest
Authors: Maitland B. M. , Poesch M. , Anderson A. E. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn the boreal forests of Canada, industrial development has resulted in the installation of thousands of culverted road crossings that act as barriers to fish movement and degrade habitat for native freshwater fishes. In view of culvert removals being expensive, prioritisation methods have been developed, but the efficacy of such methods has not been thoroughly investigated nor have they been tested on low‐gradient boreal forest watersheds containing at‐risk salmonids. The management utility of a novel GIS‐based optimisation‐planning tool to prioritise fish barrier remediation was tested in two highly developed watersheds. Region‐specific parameter estimates of monetary variables (e.g. budget, individual barrier remediation costs), barrier passability and biologically relevant information for species on conservation concern (e.g. habitat suitability, dispersal ability) were incorporated. Results indicate that for Arctic grayling,Thymallus arcticusPallas, and bull trout,Salvelinus confluentusSuckley, a large proportion (~61–83%) of currently isolated habitat can be reconnected with low investment (~$200–$500 K). This study demonstrates the management utility of barrier optimisation methods for use in boreal watersheds, particularly as it significantly reduces the technical expertise needed to perform relatively complex optimisation analyses.
Impact of electric fishing on egg survival of whitefish, Coregonus lavaretus
Authors: Oberlercher T. M. , Wanzenböck J. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPrevious studies on the effects of electrofishing on fish eggs have reported widely varying results, ranging from gentle to adverse impacts on egg survival rates, and this may be attributable to inadequately standardised assessment methods. The impact of electrofishing on the survival of European whitefish, Coregonus lavaretus L., eggs was analysed in laboratory experiments and in a comparative field study. Different anode distances and time points post‐treatment were evaluated after artificial fertilisation with milt of untreated males, and survival rates were determined in the morula stage. In the laboratory, no significant difference in survival rates was found between various time points of stripping the gametes post‐electric shock. In the treatment group, significantly lower survival rates were detected in eggs (98.6%; SE = 0.20%) compared to the control group (99.6%; SE = 0.11%). Analysis of the egg survival rates in relation to effective voltage, rather than anode distance, revealed a significant trend of declining survival with increasing effective voltage. In field studies, eggs of electroshocked fish showed significantly lower survival (94.8%; SE = 1.03%) than untreated controls (98.7%; SE = 0.38%). Although electrofishing enhanced egg mortality, overall survival was noticeably high (>90%), indicating a relatively small impact.
Time and Magnitude of Peak Concentration of Reactive Groundwater Contaminants Discharged to a River
Authors: Taylor Stewart W. , Guha Hillol 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAn analytical solution for calculating the contaminant discharge rate in an aquifer following an instantaneous release of reactive contaminant mass to groundwater is used to derive relationships for the time and magnitude of peak concentration in a river receiving the transported material. Relationships are developed for the time of peak concentration relative to the time of travel for the contaminant, and the magnitude of peak concentration relative to the concentration calculated at the time of travel. Both quantities are found to be a function of two dimensionless parameters characterizing advective‐dispersive‐reactive transport—the Peclet number and the Damkohler number. It is shown that the time to peak concentration may occur before the time of travel, considering advection and retardation only, depending on the magnitudes of the Peclet and Damkohler numbers. Similarly, the magnitude of peak concentration may exceed the concentration calculated assuming that the time of peak concentration coincides with time of travel for the contaminant. For large Damkohler numbers, equating the time of peak concentration with the time of travel for the contaminant can significantly underestimate peak concentrations.
Hormonal Contraceptives and Migraine With Aura—Is There Still a Risk?
Authors: Calhoun Anne H. 
Published: October 2016

Unnecessary confusion still surrounds the use of combined hormonal contraceptives (CHCs) in the setting of migraine with aura (MwA). Clearing this confusion is a key issue for headache specialists, since most women with migraine have menstrual‐related migraine (MRM), and some CHCs can prevent this particularly severe migraine. Their use, however, is still restricted by current guidelines due to concerns of increased stroke risk – concerns that originated over half a century ago in the era of high dose contraceptives. Yet studies consistently show that stroke risk is not increased with today's very low dose CHCs containing 20‐25 µg ethinyl estradiol (EE), and continuous ultra low‐dose formulations (10‐15 µg EE) may even reduce aura frequency, thereby potentially decreasing stroke risk.This article clarifies the stroke risk of CHCs and examines their impact on migraine. It also examines how stroke risk is altered by the estrogen content of the CHC, by contributing factors such as smoking, age and hypertension, and by aura frequency. And finally, it puts these risks into a meaningful context with a risk/benefit assessment.
Clinicopathological characteristics and genomic profile of primary sinonasal tract diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) reveals gain at 1q31 and RGS1 encoding protein; high RGS1 immunohistochemical expression associates with poor overall survival in DLBCL not otherwise specified (NOS)
Authors: Carreras Joaquim , Kikuti Yara Y , Beà Sílvia , Miyaoka Masashi , Hiraiwa Shinichiro , Ikoma Haruka , Nagao Ryoko , Tomita Sakura , Martin‐Garcia David , Salaverria Itziar , Sato Ai , Ichiki Akifumi , Roncador Giovanna , Garcia Juan F , Ando Kiyoshi , Campo Elias , Nakamura Naoya 
Published: October 2016

AimsWe aimed to define the clinicopathological characteristics of 29 primary sinonasal diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCLsn) in a series of 240 cases of DLBCL not otherwise specified [DLBCLall (NOS)], including DLBCLsn training set (n = 11) and validation set (n = 18), and DLBCLnon‐sn (n = 211).Methods and resultsIn the training set, 82% had a non‐germinal center B‐cell‐like (Hans’ Classifier) (non‐GCB) phenotype and 18% were Epstein–Barr virus‐encoded small RNAs (EBER)+. The genomic profile showed gains(+) of 1q21.3q31.2 (55%), 10q24.1 (46%), 11q14.1 (46%) and 18q12.1q23 (46%); losses(−) of 6q26q27 (55%) and 9p21.3 (64%); and copy number neutral loss of heterozygosity (LOH) (acquired uniparental disomy, UPD) at 6p25.3p21.31 (36%). This profile is comparable to DLBCLNOS (GSE11318, n = 203.) and closer to non‐GCB/activated B‐cell‐like subtype (ABC). Nevertheless, +1q31, −9p21.3 and −10q11.1q26.2 were more characteristic of DLBCLsn (P < 0.001). Array results were verified successfully by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on +1q21.3 (CKS1B), −6q26 (PARK2), +8q24.21 (MYC), −9p21.3 (MTAP, CDKN2A/B), −17p13.1 (TP53) and +18q21.33 (BCL2) with 82–91% agreement. Minimal common regions included biologically relevant genes of MNDA (+1q23.1), RGS1 and RGS13 (+1q31.2), FOXP1 (+3p13), PRDM1 (BLIMP1) and PARK2 (−6q21q26), MYC (+8q24.21), CDKN2A (−9p21.3), PTEN (−10q23.31), MDM2 (+12q15), TP53 (−17p13.1) and BCL2 (+18q21.33). Correlation between DNA copy number and protein immunohistochemistry was confirmed for RGS1, RGS13, FOXP1, PARK2 and BCL2. The microenvironment had high infiltration of M2‐like tumour associated macrophages (TAMs) and CD8+T lymphocytes that associated with higher genomic instability. The DLBCLsn validation set confirmed the clinicopathological characteristics, all FISH loci and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for RGS1. RGS1, one of the most frequently altered genes, was analysed by IHC in DLBCLall and high RGS1 expression associated with non‐GCB, EBER+ and unfavourable overall survival (hazard ratio = 1.794; P = 0.016).ConclusionsDLBCLsn has a characteristic genomic profile. High RGS1 IHC expression associates with poor overall survival in DLBCLall (NOS).
A scoping review of root canal revascularization: relevant aspects for clinical success and tissue formation
Authors: Conde M. C. M. , Chisini L. A. , Sarkis‐Onofre R. , Schuch H. S. , Nör J. E. , Demarco F. F. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe aim of this scoping study was to evaluate the survival rate and nature of tissue formed inside root canals of human immature permanent teeth with necrotic pulps (NIPT) under root canal revascularization (RCR). The search was performed in SciVerse Scopus®, PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science®, BIREME and in the grey literature up to November 2015. The keywords were selected using MeSH terms and DECs. Two independent reviewers scrutinized the records obtained considering specific inclusion criteria. The included studies were evaluated in accordance with a modified Arksey and O’ Malley's framework. From 375 studies that were evaluated, 75 were included. A total of 367 NIPT were submitted to RCR, from which only 21 needed further endodontic treatment. The weighted mean follow‐up time was 17.6 months. The data were derived mainly from case reports (69%) or small case series (15%). NaOCl [0.5–6%] was applied as the disinfecting solution in almost all studies. Triple antibiotic paste was as effective as Ca(OH)2 as on intracanal medicament. De novo tissue was cementum and poorly mineralized bone positive to bone sialoprotein (BSP) but negative to dentine sialoprotein (DSP). Failures were associated mainly with reinfection of the root canal. The majority of included studies reported a significant increase in both root length and width. However, as most of these data came from case reports, they must be interpreted with care, as most were focused on treatment successes (not failures). Therefore, well‐designed randomized controlled trials comparing RCR with available apexification treatments are needed to address this gap in the literature.
Consumer education and empowerment in Europe: recent developments in policy and practice
Authors: Brennan Carol , Vlaev Ivo , Blakemore Michael , Smith Nicola 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis article develops the findings of an evaluation of European Commission consumer education, information and capacity building actions conducted in 2011, with an examination of action taken by 2016 to address the recommendations. Based on empirical research of documents, in‐depth interviews, focus groups and semi‐structured surveys of Directorate General for Health and Consumers and Directorate General for Education and Culture policy networks, it discusses the journey taken to improve consumer education and empowerment throughout Europe. Implementation of the recommendations aims to transform consumer education and empowerment in Europe, with integrated and updated resources for the maximum number of teachers across the European Union, where teachers can focus the resources on consumer education activities relevant for their learners. A key focus of the new developments is to deliver higher European Union (pan‐European) added‐value, better coordination and synergies with national activities.
Human leucocyte antigen class I and II imputation in a multiracial population
Authors: Kuniholm M. H. , Xie X. , Anastos K. , Xue X. , Reimers L. , French A. L. , Gange S. J. , Kassaye S. G. , Kovacs A. , Wang T. , Aouizerat B. E. , Strickler H. D. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryHuman leucocyte antigen (HLA) genes play a central role in response to pathogens and in autoimmunity. Research to understand the effects of HLA genes on health has been limited because HLA genotyping protocols are labour intensive and expensive. Recently, algorithms to impute HLA genotype data using genome‐wide association study (GWAS) data have been published. However, imputation accuracy for most of these algorithms was based primarily on training data sets of European ancestry individuals. We considered performance of two HLA‐dedicated imputation algorithms – SNP2HLA and HIBAG – in a multiracial population of n = 1587 women with HLA genotyping data by gold standard methods. We first compared accuracy – defined as the percentage of correctly predicted alleles – of HLA‐B and HLA‐C imputation using SNP2HLA and HIBAG using a breakdown of the data set into an 80% training group and a 20% testing group. Estimates of accuracy for HIBAG were either the same or better than those for SNP2HLA. We then conducted a more thorough test of HIBAG imputation accuracy using five independent 10‐fold cross‐validation procedures with delineation of ancestry groups using ancestry informative markers. Overall accuracy for HIBAG was 89%. Accuracy by HLA gene was 93% for HLA‐A, 84% for HLA‐B, 94% for HLA‐C, 83% for HLA‐DQA1, 91% for HLA‐DQB1 and 88% for HLA‐DRB1. Accuracy was highest in the African ancestry group (the largest group) and lowest in the Hispanic group (the smallest group). Despite suboptimal imputation accuracy for some HLA gene/ancestry group combinations, the HIBAG algorithm has the advantage of providing posterior estimates of accuracy which enable the investigator to analyse subsets of the population with high predicted (e.g. >95%) imputation accuracy.
A dual purpose universal influenza vaccine candidate confers protective immunity against anthrax
Authors: Arévalo Maria T. , Li Junwei , Diaz‐Arévalo Diana , Chen Yanping , Navarro Ashley , Wu Lihong , Yan Yongyong , Zeng Mingtao 
Published: October 2016

SummaryPreventive influenza vaccines must be reformulated annually because of antigen shift and drift of circulating influenza viral strains. However, seasonal vaccines do not always match the circulating strains, and there is the ever‐present threat that avian influenza viruses may adapt to humans. Hence, a universal influenza vaccine is needed to provide protective immunity against a broad range of influenza viruses. We designed an influenza antigen consisting of three tandem M2e repeats plus HA2, in combination with a detoxified anthrax oedema toxin delivery system (EFn plus PA) to enhance immune responses. The EFn‐3×M2e‐HA2 plus PA vaccine formulation elicited robust, antigen‐specific, IgG responses; and was protective against heterologous influenza viral challenge when intranasally delivered to mice three times. Moreover, use of the detoxified anthrax toxin system as an adjuvant had the additional benefit of generating protective immunity against anthrax. Hence, this novel vaccine strategy could potentially address two major emerging public health and biodefence threats.
Substitution behavior of Ag atoms in the Ti2AlC ceramic
Authors: Lu Chengjie , Wang Guochao , Yang Guang , Fan Guohua , Zhang Jie , Liu Xiaowen 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn this study, the substitution behavior of Ag atoms in the Ti2AlC ceramic was investigated using high‐angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF‐STEM). The TEM sample of the Ag/Ti2AlC interaction area was prepared following the wetting experiment, which was carried out at 1030°C for 5 minute using the sessile drop method. The Ag “single atoms” or “nanoclusters” were found in the crystal lattice of Ti2AlC substrate. The characterizations along two typical crystallographic orientations suggest that both the Ti and Al atoms could be substituted by Ag atoms during the wetting process. In addition, the substitution behavior would contribute to the lattice expansion, which was coordinated by elastic distortion in the Ag nanoclusters with small size. However, when the Ag nanoclusters exceeded the critical size, the intact Ti2AlC structure could no more sustain and defects like stacking faults formed, based on which the Ag nanotwins or polycrystals nucleated.
Cold sintering process for ZrO2‐based ceramics: significantly enhanced densification evolution in yttria‐doped ZrO2
Authors: Guo Hanzheng , Guo Jing , Baker Amanda , Randall Clive A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe recently developed a novel technique of cold sintering process (CSP) to obtain dense ceramics at extraordinarily low temperatures. In this communication, we demonstrate the feasibility of applying CSP to zirconia‐based ceramics. As exemplified by 3Y‐TZP ceramics, a significantly enhanced densification evolution is observed. Water is simply utilized as a sintering aid to assist the ceramic densification under an applied external pressure. The low‐temperature advantage of CSP outstands in contrast to the densification curves compiled from other sintering techniques. A gradual monoclinic‐to‐tetragonal phase transformation is revealed in correspondence to the densification development, as well as contributes to the mechanical hardness evolution. A Vickers Hardness reaches ~10.5 GPa after annealing the cold‐sintered ceramics at 1100°C, which is comparable to those values reported in the previous studies at higher sintering temperatures. Such a sintering methodology is of significant importance as it provides a roadmap for cost‐effective processing of zirconia‐based ceramics and composites that enable broad practical applications.
Filled oxygen‐deficient strontium barium niobates
Authors: Chan Jason H. , Bock Jonathan A. , Guo Hanzheng , Trolier‐McKinstry Susan , Randall Clive A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractFilled strontium barium niobate (SBN, SrxBa6−xNb10O30−δ) compositions from the barium end‐member to a Sr:Ba ratio of 80:20 were fabricated using conventional sintering under oxygen‐deficient conditions. Single‐phase specimens were obtained when sintered at 1350°C under a reducing condition of about 1.0 × 10−16 atmpO2. X‐ray diffraction and energy dispersive spectroscopy using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to confirm the phase‐purity. Lattice parameters derived from Rietveld refinements were used to trace Vegard's Law over the solid solution. It was found that Vegard's Law is followed over two ranges, which is believed to be due to preferential site occupancy of the A sites as the Sr content changes. The successful fabrication of filledSBNbronzes provides an avenue for correlating trends in electrical characteristics of theSBNsolid solution.