bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping soil water dynamics and a moving wetting front by spatiotemporal inversion of electromagnetic induction data
Authors: Huang J. , Monteiro Santos F. A. , Triantafilis J. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractCharacterization of the spatiotemporal distribution of soil volumetric water content (θ) is fundamental to agriculture, ecology, and earth science. Given the labor intensive and inefficient nature of determining θ, apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) measured by electromagnetic induction has been used as a proxy. A number of previous studies have employed inversion algorithms to convert ECa data to depth‐specific electrical conductivity (σ) which could then be correlated to soil θ and other soil properties. The purpose of this study was to develop a spatiotemporal inversion algorithm which accounts for the temporal continuity of ECa. The algorithm was applied to a case study where time‐lapse ECa was collected on a 350 m transect on seven different days on an alfalfa farm in the USA. Results showed that the approach was able to map the location of moving wetting front along the transect. Results also showed that the spatiotemporal inversion algorithm was more precise (RMSE = 0.0457 cm3/cm3) and less biased (ME = −0.0023 cm3/cm3) as compared with the nonspatiotemporal inversion approach (0.0483 cm3/cm3 and ME = −0.0030 cm3/cm3, respectively). In addition, the spatiotemporal inversion algorithm allows for a reduced set of ECa surveys to be used when non abrupt changes of soil water content occur with time. To apply this spatiotemporal inversion algorithm beyond low induction number condition, full solution of the EM induction phenomena can be studied in the future.
Satellite Data
Authors: Shao Guofan 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Earth observation satellites collect a variety of data relevant to a wide range of Earth resource topics, including Earth surface features and atmospheric conditions. Satellite data are collected, transmitted, stored, and analyzed in digital forms. Satellite data are characterized with spatial, spectral, radiometric, and temporal resolutions. A general indication of advancement of satellite data is that their resolutions are getting higher over time. Satellites can be used alone, to derive new data, and integrated with other geospatial data sources. One of the most common usages is to show satellite data in map format for human eyes to look at. While most of commercial satellite data can be purchased from data providers, many governmental satellite data can be downloaded without charge from US government web sites.
Survival Function
Authors: Rebora Paola , Valsecchi Maria Grazia 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Survival data arise when we are interested in the time of occurrence of an event, and the survival function describes the cumulative probability of surviving beyond a given time point in a given group of individuals. Methods to estimate the survival function can be classified in nonparametric and model‐based methods and the main ones are described here. Among the nonparametric ones, the product limit, the life table, the Fleming–Harrington, and Bayesian methods are considered. Assumptions on right censoring and left truncation are discussed, with practical advices on how to present and read the survival curve. Aspects that are special to estimation of survival in the presence of time‐dependent variables and competing risks are mentioned. Among the model‐based methods, the use of estimators derived by the Cox model and parametric models is shown. Finally, relative survival and period analysis estimators are presented as useful tools in describing the survival experience in disease (cancer) registries, and survival estimators that account for special features in (nonrandom) designs are also briefly mentioned.
Optimal linear filtering for networked systems with communication constraints, fading measurements, and multiplicative noises
Authors: Liu Wei , Zhang Hongwei , Yu Kaijiang , Tan Xingguo 
Published: November 2016

SummaryThis paper is concerned with the filtering problem for discrete‐time networked systems with communication constraints, fading measurements, and multiplicative noises. The communication constraint is that, at each sampling instant, at most one of the various transmission nodes in the networked systems is permitted to access a shared communication channel, and then the received data are transmitted to a remote filter to perform the filtering task. The phenomenon of measurement fading appears in a random way when measurements are transmitted via the communication channel that undergoes slow fading. Using the innovation analysis approach and some results developed in this study, an optimal linear filter is proposed. The proposed optimal filter has a recursive structure and does not increase computation and storage load with time. Computer simulations are conducted to examine the performance of the proposed optimal filter. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of Chiral Cyclopropyl Carbocyclic Purine Nucleosides via Asymmetric Intramolecular Cyclopropanations Catalyzed by a Chiral Ruthenium(II) Complex
Authors: Huang Ke‐Xin , Xie Ming‐Sheng , Zhao Guo‐Feng , Qu Gui‐Rong , Guo Hai‐Ming 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe synthesis of chiral cyclopropyl carbocyclic purine nucleoside analogues via the highly enantioselective intramolecular cyclopropanation reactions has been reported. With a chiral ruthenium(II)‐phenyloxazoline complex as the catalyst, cyclopropyl carbocyclic purine nucleoside analogues containing three contiguous stereocenters were obtained with up to 99% yield and 99% ee. Furthermore, a chiral cyclopropyl carbocyclic adenosine nucleoside having anti‐BLV activity could be synthesized in a concise manner using this strategy.magnified image
Palladium‐Catalyzed Selective Aryl Ring C–H Activation of N‐Acyl‐2‐aminobiaryls: Efficient Access to Multiaryl‐Substituted Naphthalenes
Authors: Annamalai Pratheepkumar , Chen Wu‐Yin , Raju Selvam , Hsu Kou‐Chi , Upadhyay Nitinkumar Satyadev , Cheng Chien‐Hong , Chuang Shih‐Ching 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPalladium‐catalyzed cycloaromatization of N‐acyl‐2‐aminobiaryls, through a sequence of ortho C−H bond activation/alkyne insertion/meta C−H bond activation/alkyne insertion, was developed. An efficient synthesis of multiaryl‐substituted naphthalenes, N‐[2‐(5,6,7,8‐tetraarylnaphthalen‐1‐yl)aryl]acetamides, was demonstrated using molecular oxygen as the sole oxidant. Furthermore, through Buchwald's synthetic protocol, two compounds were converted into corresponding fluorescent carbazoles in 30–40% yield by intramolecular C−N bond formation.magnified image
N,N‐Dimethylformamide as a Methylenating Reagent: Synthesis of Heterodiarylmethanes via Copper‐Catalyzed Coupling between Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines and Indoles/N,N‐Dimethylaniline
Authors: Mondal Susmita , Samanta Sadhanendu , Santra Sougata , Bagdi Avik K. , Hajra Alakananda 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA new copper‐catalyzed, efficient method for the synthesis of heterodiarylmethanes through the coupling of imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines with indoles employing N,N‐dimethylformamide as a methylenating reagent has been developed. A library of 3‐(1H‐indol‐3‐ylmethyl)‐imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine derivatives has been synthesized under aerobic reaction conditions. This protocol is also applicable for the synthesis of (4‐imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridin‐3‐ylmethyl)(phenyl)dimethylamines. The method is highly selective for the hetero‐coupling.magnified image
Copper‐Mediated Oxidative Radical Addition/Cyclization Cascade: Synthesis of Trifluoromethylated and Sulfonated Quinoline‐2,4(1H,3H)‐diones
Authors: Fu Hong , Wang Shi‐Sheng , Li Ya‐Min 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA copper‐mediated oxidative radical addition/cyclization cascade of o‐cyanoarylacrylamides with sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate (Langlois’ reagent) has been achieved. The reaction proceeds through radical addition, cyclization, and imine hydrolysis, in which the cyclization was accomplished by an intramolecular addition of the carbon radical to the nitrile. This transformation exhibits a wide substrate scope and good functional group tolerance, thus providing a highly efficient and practical access to a variety of trifluoromethylated quinoline‐2,4(1H,3H)‐diones. Furthermore, using other sulfinic acid sodium salts as sulfonylating agents, sulfonated quinolinediones were also obtained through a similar radical cascade.magnified image
Benzo[c]isothiazole 2‐Oxides: Three‐Dimensional Heterocycles with Cross‐Coupling and Functionalization Potential
Authors: Lamers Philip , Buglioni Laura , Koschmieder Steffen , Chatain Nicolas , Bolm Carsten 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA robust method for the synthesis of benzo[c]isothiazole 2‐oxides has been developed providing a range of functionalized derivatives starting from anilines and DMSO. The reaction sequence can be performed on a gram scale and leads to products that can easily be modified by standard cross‐coupling reactions.magnified image
Sulfonated gamma‐irradiated blend poly(styrene/ethylene‐vinyl acetate) membrane and their electrical properties
Authors: Ghobashy Mohamed Mohamady , Khozemey Ehab 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA compatibilized blend membrane of polystyrene (PS)/polyethylene‐vinyl acetate (PEVA) (50: 50) wt % was produced by compression molded at 180°C after irradiated by gamma ray at 50‐kGy dose. The influence of gamma radiation on the properties of the blend (PS/PEVA) membrane was investigated. The irradiated samples showed an increase in the degree of crystallinity due to the presence of additional chemical bonds as observed by X‐ray diffraction. As a result of irradiation, the miscibility of the two polymer matrix is enhanced by interfacial adhesion between the components in the blend polymer without any voids as observed by scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, electrical conductivity in the blend (PS/PEVA) membrane was enhanced by introducing SO3H groups. Sulfonation process converts the blend from noncontact (5 × 10−8 S cm−1) to semi‐contact (3.8 × 10−3 S cm−1) by AC current at wet condition, and this can find applications in the fuel cells.
Father absence but not fosterage predicts food insecurity, relative poverty, and poor child health in northern Tanzania
Authors: Lawson David W. , Schaffnit Susan B. , Hassan Anushé , Ngadaya Esther , Ngowi Bernard , Mfinanga Sayoki G. M. , James Susan , Borgerhoff Mulder Monique 
Published: November 2016

AbstractObjectivesThe importance of fathers in ensuring child health in rural developing populations is questioned by anthropologists and population health scientists. Existing literature focuses on paternal death and child mortality. A relative lack of studies consider alternative forms of father absence and/or more subtle health outcomes. Here we determine the frequency and form of father absence in northern Tanzania, and its relationship to household food security, wealth, and child anthropometric status.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional survey of 3136 children under 5 years of age from 56 villages. Using multilevel regression we contrast children residing with both parents to those that (i) have experienced paternal death, (ii) reside with their mother but not their living father and (iii) are fostered apart from both living parents.ResultsOf the total, 3.5% of children had experienced paternal death. Thirteen percent resided with their mother but away from their living father. Supporting data indicate such cases primarily reflect parental divorce/separation, extra‐marital birth, or polygynous fathers residing with an alternative cowife. Paternal death and residing apart from one's living father was associated with lower food security and/or relative poverty and there is suggestive evidence that children in such circumstances achieve lower height‐for‐age. Six percent of children were fostered, usually with grandparents, and were comparable to children residing with both parents in terms of household food security, wealth, and anthropometric status.ConclusionOur results highlight diversity in the form and consequences of father absence. We discuss limitations of the current study and wider literature on fatherhood and make suggestions for future research.
Determinants of disinfectant use among nurses in U.S. healthcare facilities
Authors: Dumas Orianne , Wiley Aleta S. , Henneberger Paul K. , Speizer Frank E. , Zock Jan‐Paul , Varraso Raphaëlle , Le Moual Nicole , Boggs Krislyn M. , Camargo Carlos A. 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundDisinfectant use among healthcare workers has been associated with respiratory disorders, especially asthma. We aimed to describe disinfectants used by U.S. nurses, and to investigate qualitative and quantitative differences according to workplace characteristics and region.MethodsDisinfectant use was assessed by questionnaire in 8,851 nurses. Hospital characteristics were obtained from the American Hospital Association database.ResultsWorking in a hospital was associated with higher disinfectant use (OR: 2.06 [95%CI: 1.89–2.24]), but lower spray use (0.74 [0.66–0.82]). Nurses working in smaller hospitals (<50 beds vs. ≥200 beds) were more likely to use disinfectants (1.69 [1.23–2.32]) and sprays (1.69 [1.20–2.38]). Spray use was lower in the West than in the Northeast (0.75 [0.58–0.97]).ConclusionDisinfectant use was more common among nurses working in smaller hospitals, possibly because they perform more diverse tasks. Variations in spray use by hospital size and region suggest additional targets for future efforts to prevent occupational asthma. Am. J. Ind. Med. 60:131–140, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis of Thermally Robust, Photostable Aza‐Dipyrromethene Ligands Substituted with Nitro Groups
Authors: Gut Arkadiusz , Łapok Łukasz , Jamróz Dorota , Nowakowska Maria 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe report herein synthesis of four novel nitro‐substituted aza‐BODIPY (boron‐dipyrromethene) ligands. Two methods are proposed and compared for the synthesis of aza‐BODIPY. Direct conversion of 1,3‐diaryl‐4‐nitrobutan‐1‐ones into aza‐dipyrromethenes usually gives higher reaction yields, however, this method depends on the substitution pattern of the substrate. An efficient synthesis of four 2,4‐diarylpyrroles and four 2,4‐diaryl‐5‐nitrosopyrroles was achieved. Both 2,4‐diarylpyrroles and their nitroso derivatives served as building blocks for the synthesis of aza‐BODIPY. The compounds studied exhibit a broad absorption band from around 500 nm to 700 nm, with λmax located at approximately 620 nm. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was used to study the frontier orbital energy levels. Depending on the substitution pattern, three to four reduction peaks were detected. The value of the first reduction potential (Ered1) and, as a result of it, the value of the ELUMO remained relatively constant across all aza‐BODIPYs studied. However, the value of the first oxidation potential (Eox1), the number of oxidation peaks, the EHOMO, and the electrochemical gap (Eg) were sensitive to the substitution pattern on the ligand. Thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis revealed that the aza‐BODIPYs studied were stable up to approximately 260 °C. All compounds studied exhibited extremely high photostability in THF solution. DFT analysis showed that substitution of the phenyl rings with the NO2 group resulted in the lowering of the energies of both frontiers orbitals and narrowing of the HOMO–LUMO energy gap.
Sinonasal adenoid cystic carcinoma: a population‐based analysis of 694 cases
Authors: Unsal Aykut A. , Chung Sei Y. , Zhou Albert H. , Baredes Soly , Eloy Jean Anderson 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundCurrently, limited literature exists about sinonasal adenoid cystic carcinoma (SNACC). In this study, we analyze the demographics, survival, and treatment efficacy of this rare entity.MethodsOur study was a retrospective population‐based analysis of SNACC in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database assessing the 40‐year time‐frame of 1973 to 2013.ResultsSix hundred ninety‐four SNACC patients were identified; 53.2% were female and 46.8% were male. Caucasians were most commonly affected (77.1%). SNACC most often arose from the maxillary sinuses, followed by the nasal cavity. The majority of SNACC cases presented as stage IV disease. Nodal and distant metastases were present in 3.6% and 7.1% of all cases, respectively. Overall 5‐, 10‐, and 20‐year disease‐specific survival (DSS) rates were 66.5%, 41.1%, and 17.6%, respectively. The presence of distant metastasis dropped the 5‐year DSS rate from 64.5% to 20.0%. Cases treated with combined surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy had a slightly improved 5‐year DSS rate compared with surgery alone (73.5% vs 72.5%). Surgery alone resulted in higher 10‐ and 20‐year DSS rates (54.2% and 36.8%, respectively) when compared with combined therapy (44.2% and 15.5%), radiotherapy alone (10.8% and 0%), and no surgery or radiotherapy (9.3% and 0%).ConclusionThis study represents the largest cohort of SNACC patients to date. Factors that confer a survival benefit in SNACC include M0 disease, and presentation primarily in the nasal cavity. Overall low rates of nodal metastasis may not warrant the use of elective neck dissections, unless there is clinical suspicion. Modalities of therapy that include surgery greatly improve survival. Adjuvant radiotherapy appears to slightly improve 5‐year disease‐free survival but does not impact long‐term survival.
Fluorescein‐guided intraoperative endoscopy in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: first impressions
Authors: Pagella Fabio , Pusateri Alessandro , Zaccari Dario , Bongetta Daniele , Zoia Cesare , Spinozzi Giuseppe , Olivieri Carla , Matti Elina 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundHereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a rare genetic disease that results in mucocutaneous telangiectasias and arteriovenous visceral malformations. Nasal telangiectasias lead to recurrent epistaxis, which affects up to 96% of patients. Different morphologic classifications and methods of visualization of nasal lesions have been described in the literature. We developed a new method of intraoperative endoscopy based on the intravenous administration of fluorescein. Preliminary data of this technique are reported.MethodsAfter the intravenous administration of sodium fluorescein, an intraoperative fluorescein‐guided endoscopy was carried out using photographic customized yellow filters on top of a 0‐degree, 4‐mm endoscope.ResultsIn 2015, 65 HHT patients underwent surgery for their epistaxis in our institution, and in 7 patients (3 males, 4 females; mean age, 54 years) an intraoperative fluorescein‐guided intraoperative nasal endoscopy was performed. No adverse events or complications were observed.ConclusionFirst impressions regarding the usage of this technique in HHT patients seem to be promising and positive in terms of efficacy and safety. However, further studies with larger cohorts of patients should be performed in order to better investigate the use of this method for diagnostic and surgical purposes in HHT.
Influence of interpersonal traits on patient outcomes in the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Levy Joshua M. , Mace Jess C. , Smith Timothy L. , Soler Zachary M. 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundPatient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) measure health states in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and have become the dominant metrics of treatment outcomes. Interpersonal traits (IPTs) are patient‐specific factors that include personality type, perceived social support, and trust in physicians. The association of IPTs on treatment outcomes among patients with CRS has not been described previously, and IPTs may represent major clinical factors influencing treatment outcomes.MethodsAdult patients electing medical or surgical treatment for recalcitrant CRS were prospectively enrolled into a multi‐institutional, observational outcomes study. Validated measures of IPTs, including the Big Five Inventory‐10 Short Version (BFI‐10), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), and the Trust in Physician Scale (TPS), were completed and compared with PROMs, which included the 22‐item SinoNasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22), the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form‐6D (SF‐6D), and the Patient Health Questionnaire‐2 (PHQ‐2).ResultsThree hundred fifty‐four participants were included and followed for an average (± standard deviation) of 16.3 (±4.8) months. Significant within‐subject improvement in mean PROM scores was reported (all p <0.001). No association was detected between PROM score improvement and baseline BFI‐10 or MSPSS scores (p > 0.050). Significant, but weak, absolute correlations were reported between baseline TPS scores and improvement in SNOT‐22, SF‐6D, and PHQ‐2 total scores (p < 0.050; r ≤ 0.138).ConclusionPersonality type and perceived social support do not associate with improvement after treatment for CRS. However, increased trust in physicians is weakly associated with greater posttreatment improvement. Further study is needed to examine the relationship between physician trust, patient satisfaction, and treatment outcomes among patients with CRS.
Entwicklung Pyrrolobenzodiazepin(PBD)‐haltiger Antikörper‐Wirkstoff‐Konjugate (ADCs) ausgehend von Anthramycin
Authors: Mantaj Julia , Jackson Paul J. M. , Rahman Khondaker M. , Thurston David E. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractDie Pyrrolo[2,1‐c][1,4]benzodiazepine (PBDs) sind eine Familie sequenzselektiver Wirkstoffe, die an die kleine Furche der DNA binden und eine kovalente Aminalbindung zwischen der C11‐Position und den C2‐NH2‐Gruppen der Guaninbasen bilden. Anthramycin ist das erste Beispiel eines PBD‐Monomers und wurde in den 1960er Jahren entdeckt. In den 1990er Jahren wurde das bekannteste PBD‐Dimer SJG‐136 entwickelt und hat jetzt bereits die klinischen Studien der Phase II in Patienten mit Leukämie und Eierstockkrebs durchlaufen. Seit kurzem werden aus PBD‐Dimeranaloga und spezifisch an Tumorzellen bindenden Antikörpern Antikörper‐Wirkstoff‐Konjugate (ADCs) hergestellt. Von diesen befinden sich derzeit mehrere in klinischen Studien und viele andere in der präklinischen Entwicklung. Dieser Aufsatz zeigt die Entwicklung der PBDs ausgehend von Anthramycin über die ersten PBD‐Dimere bis hin zu PBD‐haltigen ADCs und behandelt sowohl die Struktur‐Wirkungs‐Beziehungen und die Biologie der PBDs als auch die Strategien für ihre Verwendung als Wirkstoffkomponente in ADCs.
Ein zweikerniges Quecksilber(II)‐vermitteltes Basenpaar in DNA
Authors: Mandal Soham , Hebenbrock Marian , Müller Jens 
Published: November 2016

AbstractErstmals konnte ein zweikerniges metallvermitteltes Basenpaar mit zweiwertigen Metallionen erzeugt werden. Dies gelang durch Kombination des neutralen Purinderivats 1,N6‐Ethenoadenin (ϵA), das als doppelt einzähniger Ligand bevorzugt zwei Metallionen über parallel ausgerichtete N‐M‐Bindungen bindet, mit der kanonischen Nucleobase Thymin (T), die in Gegenwart von HgII deprotoniert wird und so die angehäufte positive Ladung der in geringem Abstand zueinander lokalisierten zweiwertigen Metallionen teilweise kompensiert, so dass das zweikernige T‐HgII2‐ϵA‐Basenpaar gebildet wird. Das metallvermittelte Basenpaar erhöht die Schmelztemperatur des untersuchten DNA‐Oligonucleotidduplexes um 8 °C. Die Bildung des Basenpaars wurde durch temperaturabhängige UV‐Spektroskopie sowie in Titrationsexperimenten mittels UV‐ und CD‐Spektroskopie gezeigt.