bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogenomic species delimitation and host‐symbiont coevolution in the fungus‐farming ant genus SericomyrmexMayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): ultraconserved elements (UCEs) resolve a recent radiation
Authors: JEŠOVNIK ANA , SOSA‐CALVO JEFFREY , LLOYD MICHAEL W. , BRANSTETTER MICHAEL G. , FERNÁNDEZ FERNANDO , SCHULTZ TED R. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAnts in the Neotropical genus Sericomyrmex Mayr cultivate fungi for food. Both ants and fungi are obligate, coevolved symbionts. The taxonomy of Sericomyrmex is problematic because the morphology of the worker caste is generally homogeneous across all of the species within the genus, species limits are vague, and the relationships between them are unknown. We used ultraconserved elements (UCEs) as genome‐scale markers to reconstruct evolutionary history and to infer species boundaries in Sericomyrmex. We recovered an average of ∼990 UCE loci for 88 Sericomyrmex samples from across the geographical range of the genus as well as for five outgroup taxa. Using maximum likelihood and species‐tree approaches, we recovered nearly identical topologies across datasets with 50–95% matrix completeness. We identify nine species‐level lineages in Sericomyrmex, including two new species. This is less than the previously described 19 species, even accounting for two species for which we had no UCE samples, which brings the total number of Sericomyrmex species to 11. Divergence‐dating analyses recovered 4.3 Ma as the crown‐group age estimates for Sericomyrmex, indicating a recent, rapid radiation. We also sequenced mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) for 125 specimens. Resolution and support for clades in our COI phylogeny are weak, indicating that COI is not an appropriate species‐delimitation tool. However, taxa within species consistently cluster together, suggesting that COI is useful as a species identification (‘DNA barcoding’) tool. We also sequenced internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large subunit (LSU) for 32 Sericomyrmex fungal cultivars. The fungal phylogeny confirms that Sericomyrmex fungi are generalized higher‐attine cultivars, interspersed with Trachymyrmex‐associated fungal species, indicating cultivar sharing and horizontal transfer between these two genera. Our results indicate that UCEs offer immense potential for delimiting and resolving relationships of problematic, recently diverged species.
Cancer type predicts alloimmunization following RhD‐incompatible RBC transfusions
Authors: Arora Komal , Kelley James , Sui Dawen , Ning Jing , Martinez Fernando , Lichtiger Benjamin , Tholpady Ashok 
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUNDImmunosuppressed, RhD‐negative oncology patients tend to have lower rates of sensitization to the D antigen when they receive transfusion with RhD‐positive blood components. Clinical factors associated with alloimmunization to the D antigen in RhD‐negative oncology patients when they receive transfusion with RhD‐positive red blood cells (RBCs) have not been well defined.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThis was a 4‐year, retrospective analysis identifying RhD‐negative oncology patients who received RhD‐positive RBCs and were not previously alloimmunized to the D antigen. Age, sex, race, ABO group, primary oncology diagnosis, and numbers of RhD‐incompatible RBC transfusions were recorded. The association between antibody formation and clinical factors was studied. The incidence of alloanti‐D was calculated from a subsequent antibody‐detection test performed at least 28 days after receipt of the first transfusion of RhD‐positive RBCs.RESULTSIn total, 545 RhD‐negative oncology patients received 4295 RhD‐positive RBC transfusions. Of these, 76 (14%) became alloimmunized to the D antigen. Diagnosis type was the only factor significantly associated with responder status. The logistic regression model indicated that patients who had myelodysplastic syndrome or solid malignancies were more likely to be responders than those who had acute leukemia.CONCLUSIONWe measured a 14% sensitization rate to the D antigen in our RhD‐negative oncology population. The rate of alloimmunization was higher in patients who had solid cancers (22.6%) or myelodysplastic syndrome (23%) compared with those who had other hematologic malignancies (7%). Knowledge of diagnoses that predispose to RhD alloimmunization enables better utilization of RhD‐negative RBCs during times of shortage.
An unusual vaginal lump
Authors: Seppings Stella Clare , Samir Hashim , Abdelrahman Islam 
Published: February 2017

A 46-year-old woman presented with a 2-week history of a painless golf ball sized lump in her vagina. Despite transvaginal ultrasound scan, biopsy and MRI, it was only after surgery had been performed that it became clear what the nature of the mass actually was.Immunohistochemistry revealed the lump to be an aggressive angiomyxoma. Follow-up MRI showed residual (or recurrence of) angiomyxoma which was successfully treated with monthly injections ofProstap(leuprorelin acetate), a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist. Further MRI showed complete resolution of the lesion.
A study of partial layout of adhesive on the thermal drift of MEMS capacitive accelerometers
Authors: Peng Peng , Zhou Wu , Yu Huijun , Hao Qu , Peng Bei , He Xiaoping 
Published: February 2017

The die attachment adhesive is commonly fully deposited on the substrate to connect the chips and the package shell in the packaging of microelectromechanical system (MEMS) devices. The packaging stress and deformation will be changed under temperature variation and further impact the thermal stability of devices. This paper describes a partial layout of die attachment adhesive used in a comb MEMS capacitive accelerometer, which can attenuate the thermal deformation and reduce the thermal drift of the sensor. The accelerometers with the bonded area designed from the global portion to nonsensitive portion of the sensor die are modeled by using finite element analysis (FEA) to study the deformation of the sensitive component induced by temperature change, and the corresponding thermal drift is obtained by simulation and theoretical methods. Both the results indicate that the thermal drift will decrease when the length of the unbonded area is larger than about 700 μm, and when the adhesive bonds only in the area of the nonsensitive portion of the sensor, the thermal drift will reduce about 19% relative to the global attachment. The partial layout of die attachment adhesive is therefore a useful method to improve the thermal stability for stress-sensitive MEMS devices.
eu Marketing Authorisation of Orphan Medicinal Products and Its Impact on Related Research
Authors: Gerke Sara , Pattinson Shaun D. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Over the last 15 years, there has been a steady increase in the development of orphan medicinal products (omps). This raises an important question: What impact does the eu marketing authorisation of an omp have on related research? This article establishes that the key orphan incentive, namely the 10‑year market exclusivity provision laid down in Article 8 of the eu Regulation on omps (Regulation 141/2000), has a huge potential impact on related research. It is argued that this provision can make it too difficult for researchers/sponsors to attain marketing approval for closely related products. This article advances two proposals to address this problem. First, it argues for new principles for assessing similarity, so as to clarify and narrow the ambit of market exclusivity. Secondly, it argues for improved conditions for a demonstration of ‘clinical superiority’ for similar omps.
Australian species of Ommatius Wiedemann (Diptera: Asilidae) with an anepimeral bristle
Authors: DANIELS GREG 
Published: February 2017

The presence of an anepimeral bristle in Australian Ommatius Wiedemann species is newly recorded and descriptions of seven new species possessing this character are presented: O. aquilonaris sp. nov., O. burwelli sp. nov., O. imaginis sp. nov., O. limbatus sp. nov., O. melasmus sp. nov., O. musselbrookensis sp. nov. and O. radamnis sp. nov. All species occur in Queensland but O. melasmus sp. nov. also occurs in New South Wales and O. musselbrookensis sp. nov. also occurs in the Northern Territory. A key to separate the species is presented.
Rewriting the Tropical Record Books: The Extraordinary Intensification of Hurricane Patricia (2015)
Authors: Rogers Robert F. , Aberson Sim , Bell Michael M. , Cecil Daniel J. , Doyle James D. , Kimberlain Todd B. , Morgerman Josh , Shay Lynn K. , Velden Christopher 
Published: February 2017

AbstractHurricane Patricia was a historic tropical cyclone that broke many records, such as intensification rate, peak intensity, and overwater weakening rate, during its brief 4-day lifetime in late October 2015 in the eastern Pacific basin. Patricia confounded all of the intensity forecast guidance owing to its rapid intensity changes. Fortunately, the hurricane-penetrating National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration WP-3D and U.S. Air Force C-130 aircraft and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration WB-57 high-altitude jet, under support of the Office of Naval Research, conducted missions through and over Patricia prior to and during its extreme intensity changes on all 4 days, while an extensive array of pressure sensors sampled Patricia after landfall. The observations collected from these missions include traditional data sources such as airborne Doppler radar and flight-level instruments as well as new data sources like a high-density array of dropsondes released from high-altitude and wide-swath radiometer. The combination of data from these sources and from satellites provides an excellent opportunity to investigate the physical processes responsible for Patricia’s structure and evolution and offers the potential to improve forecasts of tropical cyclone rapid intensity changes. This paper provides an overview of Patricia as well as the data collected during the aircraft missions.
Multichannel Empirical Orthogonal Teleconnection Analysis: A Method for Space–Time Decomposition of Climate Variability
Authors: Parmentier Benoit , Neeti Neeti , Nickl Elsa , Millones Marco 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWith the increasing availability of Earth observation datasets, developing methods for the identification of modes of variability is becoming crucial in Earth system science. These modes, also referred as teleconnections, are useful to understand the global climate system and to predict short-term climate and climate variability. For example, the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon, a teleconnection with global climate impacts, has been associated with major social, economic, and ecological consequences. In this study, a novel procedure called multichannel empirical orthogonal teleconnection (MEOT) analysis is introduced as a simple extension of the logic of empirical orthogonal teleconnections to uncover the temporal evolution of recurrent space–time patterns. A global monthly sea surface temperature dataset (1982–2007 time series) is used to explore the MEOT method and its differences and similarities with the multichannel singular spectrum analysis (MSSA). Both methods are applied with a 13-month embedding dimension to extract spatiotemporal patterns that exhibit clear basis vectors in quadrature. MSSA extracted four quadratures, and MEOT extracted three. Findings show that MEOT quadratures are more easily related to climate events corresponding to ENSO, South Atlantic Ocean dipole, and Atlantic meridional mode. MSSA identified one quadrature related to ENSO and one related to the quasi-biennial oscillation. The two remaining MSSA quadratures are mixtures of different indices rather than one climate event. Thus, results indicate that, since it does not suffer from a biorthogonality constraint, MEOT is effective at extracting modes of variability in climate datasets, suggesting its potential use in climate research.
A Physically Based Two-Dimensional Seamless Reflectivity Mosaic for Radar QPE in the MRMS System
Authors: Qi Youcun , Zhang Jian 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The U.S. Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) network has provided meteorologists and hydrologists with quantitative precipitation observations at an unprecedented high spatial–temporal resolution since its deployment in the mid-1990s. Since each single radar can only cover a maximum range of 460 km, a mosaic of multiple-radar observations is needed to generate any national-scale products. The Multi-Radar Multi-Sensor (MRMS) system utilizes a physically based two-dimensional mosaicking algorithm of the WSR-88D data to generate seamless national quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) products. For areas covered by multiple radars, the mosaicking scheme first determines if precipitation is present by checking the lowest-altitude observation. If the lowest observed radar data indicate no precipitation, then the mosaicked value is set to no precipitation. Otherwise, a weighted mean of multiple-radar observations is taken as the mosaicked value. The weighting function is based on multiple factors, including the distance from the radar and the height of the observation with respect to the melting layer. The mosaic algorithm uses the physically lowest radar observations with no/little blockage while maintaining a spatial continuity in the mosaicked field. The performance of the MRMS seamless radar mosaic algorithm was examined for various precipitation events of different characteristics. The results of these case evaluations are presented in this paper.
Retention of Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (hiPS) With Injectable HA Hydrogels for Vocal Fold Engineering
Authors: Imaizumi Mitsuyoshi , Li-Jessen Nicole Y.K. , Sato Yuka , Yang David T. , Thibeault Susan L. 
Published: February 2017

Objective: One prospective treatment option for vocal fold scarring is regeneration with an engineered scaffold containing induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS). In the present study, we investigated the feasibility of utilizing an injectable hyaluronic acid (HA) scaffold encapsulated with human-iPS cell (hiPS) for regeneration of vocal folds. Methods: Thirty athymic nude rats underwent unilateral vocal fold injury. Contralateral vocal folds served as uninjured controls. Hyaluronic acid hydrogel scaffold, HA hydrogel scaffold containing hiPS, and HA hydrogel scaffold containing hiPS with epidermal growth factor (EGF) were injected in both vocal folds immediately after surgery. One and 2 weeks after injection, larynges were excised for histology, immunohistochemistry, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Results: Presence of HA hydrogel was confirmed in vocal folds 1 and 2 weeks post injection. The FISH analysis confirmed the presence and viability of hiPS in the injected vocal folds. Histological results demonstrated that vocal folds injected with HA hydrogel scaffold containing EGF demonstrated less fibrosis than those with HA hydrogel only. Conclusions: Human-iPS survived in injured rat vocal folds. The HA hydrogel with hiPS and EGF ameliorated the fibrotic response. Additional work is necessary to optimize hiPS differentiation and further confirm the safety of hiPS for clinical applications.
Cilia and Ear
Authors: Piatti Gioia , De Santi Maria Margherita , Torretta Sara , Pignataro Lorenzo , Soi Daniela , Ambrosetti Umberto 
Published: February 2017

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of otological complications derived from primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) in adulthood. Methods: Twenty-three patients with diagnosed PCD underwent medical history aimed at recording the presence of ear, nose, and throat manifestations (ENT) and any surgical treatments. The ENT objectivity was annotated, and then patients were subjected to audiometric test, tympanometry, registration of otoacoustic emission, and vestibular evaluation. Results: Otitis media with chronic middle ear effusion (OME) during childhood was reported in 52% of the subjects, no patient had undergone ear surgery, and only 2 patients had an episode of otitis in the last year. Eleven of 23 patients showed normal hearing, 11 had a conductive hearing impairment, and 1 showed a severe sensorineural hearing loss unrelated to the syndrome. The bilateral stapedial reflex was only found in all cases of normoacusia and type A tympanogram, distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) were present in 8 patients, and no patient had vestibular alterations. Conclusion: Our study confirms a very frequent prevalence of OME in PCD during childhood. Careful monitoring of otological complications of the syndrome is always desirable, also given the high presence in adults of other manifestations in the upper airways, such as chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyposis.
Teaching bioethics in high schools
Authors: Araújo Joana , Gomes Carlos Costa , Jácomo António , Pereira Sandra Martins 
Published: February 2017

Objective: The Bioethics Teaching in Secondary Education (Project BEST) aims to promote the teaching of bioethics in secondary schools. This paper describes the development and implementation of the programme in Portugal. Design: Programme development involved two main tasks: (1) using the learning tools previously developed by the US Northwest Association of Biomedical Research and the Council of Europe and (2) applying the project in classrooms, conducting lectures on bioethics for students and teachers, and then using the previously developed learning tools. Setting: 32 schools representing the most densely populated regions of Portugal. Methods: Two surveys, based on previously validated measures, were used to evaluate the project. Results: The surveys were answered by the 179 students and 16 teachers attending a conference held by the project, which concluded the project’s implementation phase. The findings point to the positive impact of this project. Conclusion: Based on evidence collected to date, it is clear that (1) students can develop reflective skills using this kind of an approach, (2) the project is well suited to secondary school syllabuses and to the age range of students from secondary schools, and (3) the teaching of values should start earlier at school, thereby helping young people develop a critical perspective on problems linked to scientific development and its implications on human health.
Sentinels of Breach: Lexical Choice as a Measure of Urgency in Social Media
Authors: Hampton Andrew J. , Shalin Valerie L. 
Published: February 2017

Objective This paper identifies general properties of language style in social media to help identify areas of need in disasters. Background In the search for metrics of need in social media data, much of the existing literature ignores processes of language usage. Psychological concepts, such as narrative breach, Gricean maxims, and lexical marking in cognition, may assist the recovery of disaster-relevant metrics from altered patterns of word prevalence. Method We analyzed several hundred thousand location-specific microblogs from Twitter for Hurricane Sandy, Oklahoma tornadoes, and the Boston Marathon bombing along with a fantasy football control corpus, examining the relative frequency of words in 36 antonym pairs. We compared the ratio of words within these pairs to the corresponding ratios recovered from an online word norm database. Results Partial rank correlation values between observed antonym ratios demonstrate consistent patterns across disasters. For Hurricane Sandy data, 25 antonym pairs have moderate to large effect sizes for discrepancies between observed and normative ratios. Across disasters, 7 pairs are stable and meet effect size criteria. Sentiment analysis, supplementary word frequency counts with respect to disaster proximity, and examples support a “breach” account for the observed results. Conclusion Lexical choice between antonyms, only somewhat related to sentiment, suggests that social media capture wide-ranging breaches of normal functioning. Application Antonym selection contributes to screening tools based on language style for identifying relevant content and quantifying disruption using social media without the a priori specification of content keywords.
Trends in place of death: The role of demographic and epidemiological shifts in end-of-life care policy
Authors: Kalseth Jorid , Theisen Ole Magnus 
Published: February 2017

Background: Surveys suggest that most people prefer to die at home. Trends in causes of mortality and age composition could limit the feasibility of home deaths. Aim: To examine the effect of changes in decedents’ age, gender and cause of death on the pattern of place of death using data on all deaths in Norway for the period 1987–2011. Design: Population-based observation study comparing raw, predicted, as well as standardised shares of place of death isolating the effect of demographic and epidemiological changes. The analysis was bolstered with joinpoint regression to detect shifts in trends in standardised shares. Setting/participants: All deaths (1,091,303) in Norway 1987–2011 by age, gender and cause of death. Place of death at home, hospital, nursing home and other. Results: Fewer people died in hospitals (34.1% vs 46.2%) or at home (14.2% vs 18.3%), and more in nursing homes (45.5% vs 29.5%) in 2011 than in 1987. Much of the trend can be explained by demographic and epidemiological changes. Ageing of the population and the epidemiological shift represented by the declining share of deaths from circulatory diseases (31.4% vs 48.4%) compared to the increase in deaths from neoplasms (26.9% vs 21.8%) and mental/behavioural diseases (4.4% vs 1.2%) are the strongest drivers in the shift in place of death. Joinpoint regression shows important differences between categories. Conclusion: Demographic and epidemiological changes go a long way in explaining shifts in place of death. The analyses reveal substantial differences in trends between different decedent groups.
Dual-energy CT with virtual monochromatic images and metal artifact reduction software for reducing metallic dental artifacts
Authors: Cha Jihoon , Kim Hyung-Jin , Kim Sung Tae , Kim Yi Kyung , Kim Ha Youn , Park Gyeong Min 
Published: February 2017

Background Metallic dental prostheses may degrade image quality on head and neck computed tomography (CT). However, there is little information available on the use of dual-energy CT (DECT) and metal artifact reduction software (MARS) in the head and neck regions to reduce metallic dental artifacts. Purpose To assess the usefulness of DECT with virtual monochromatic imaging and MARS to reduce metallic dental artifacts. Material and Methods DECT was performed using fast kilovoltage (kV)-switching between 80-kV and 140-kV in 20 patients with metallic dental prostheses. CT data were reconstructed with and without MARS, and with synthesized monochromatic energy in the range of 40–140-kiloelectron volt (keV). For quantitative analysis, the artifact index of the tongue, buccal, and parotid areas was calculated for each scan. For qualitative analysis, two radiologists evaluated 70-keV and 100-keV images with and without MARS for tongue, buccal, parotid areas, and metallic denture. The locations and characteristics of the MARS-related artifacts, if any, were also recorded. Results DECT with MARS markedly reduced metallic dental artifacts and improved image quality in the buccal area ( P < 0.001) and the tongue ( P < 0.001), but not in the parotid area. The margin and internal architecture of the metallic dentures were more clearly delineated with MARS ( P < 0.001) and in the higher-energy images than in the lower-energy images ( P = 0.042). MARS-related artifacts most commonly occurred in the deep center of the neck. Conclusion DECT with MARS can reduce metallic dental artifacts and improve delineation of the metallic prosthesis and periprosthetic region.