bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond the dollar: Influence of sociodemographic marginalization on surgical resection, adjuvant therapy, and survival in patients with pancreatic cancer
Authors: Kagedan Daniel J. , Abraham Liza , Goyert Nik , Li Qing , Paszat Lawrence F. , Kiss Alexander , Earle Craig C. , Mittmann Nicole , Coburn Natalie G. 
Published: July 2016

BACKGROUNDThe single‐payer universal health care system in Ontario, Canada creates a setting with reduced socioeconomic barriers to treatment. Herein, the authors sought to elucidate the influence of sociodemographic marginalization on receipt of pancreatectomy, overall survival (OS), and receipt of adjuvant treatment among patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer at the population level using an observational cohort study design.METHODSPatients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer in Ontario between January 2005 and January 2010 were identified using the provincial cancer registry and linked to administrative databases. Census data obtained from each patient's postal code were used as a proxy for that patient's median income, residential instability, material deprivation, ethnic concentration, and dependency (percentage aged <15 years, aged >65 years, and unemployed). Surgical specimen pathology reports were abstracted for histopathology and margin status. Independent predictors of undergoing pancreatectomy, OS after surgical resection, and receipt of adjuvant treatment were identified by logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards analysis.RESULTSOf the 6296 patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer, 820 (13%) underwent resection of their tumor. Increasing levels of residential instability (odds ratio [OR], 0.86; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.80‐0.94) and material deprivation (OR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.79‐0.94) predicted a decreased likelihood of undergoing surgical resection. Patients living in rural areas (OR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.51‐0.91) and those living in urban areas with lower incomes (OR range, 0.49‐0.77) were found to have a lower likelihood of undergoing surgical resection compared with patients in the urban areas with the highest income. After surgical resection, an association between sociodemographic marginalization with OS or receipt of adjuvant treatment was not identified.CONCLUSIONSSociodemographic marginalization exerts its influence early in the pancreatic cancer care continuum, and appears to be associated more with which patients undergo surgical resection than the receipt of adjuvant treatment. Cancer 2016;122:3175–82. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Carbon Dioxide Transformation in Imidazolium Salts: Hydroaminomethylation Catalyzed by Ru‐Complexes
Authors: Ali Meher , Gual Aitor , Ebeling Gunter , Dupont Jairton 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe catalytic species generated by dissolving Ru3(CO)12 in the ionic liquids 1‐n‐butyl‐3‐methyl‐imidazolium chloride or 1‐n‐butyl‐2,3‐dimethyl‐imidazolium chloride are efficient multifunctional catalysts for: (a) reverse water–gas shift, (b) hydroformylation of alkenes, and (c) reductive amination of aldehydes. Thus the reaction of alkenes with primary or secondary amines (alkene/amine, 1:1) under CO2/H2 (1:1) affords the hydroaminomethylations products in high alkene conversions (up to 99 %) and selectivities (up to 96 %). The reaction proceeds under relatively mild reaction conditions (120 °C, 60 bar=6 MPa) and affords selectively secondary and tertiary amines. The presence of amine strongly reduces the alkene hydrogenation competitive pathway usually observed in the hydroformylation of terminal alkenes by Ru complexes. The catalytic system is also highly active for the reductive amination of aldehydes and ketones yielding amines in high yields (>90 %).
Mycorrhizal fungi and roots are complementary in foraging within nutrient patches
Authors: Cheng Lei , Chen Weile , Adams Thomas S. , Wei Xing , Li Le , McCormack Michael Luke , DeForest Jared L. , Koide Roger T. , Eissenstat David M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe roots of the majority of tree species are associated with either arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) or ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi. The absorptive roots of tree species also vary widely in their diameter. The linkages between root thickness, mycorrhiza type and nutrient foraging are poorly understood. We conducted a large root ingrowth experiment in the field to investigate how absorptive roots of varying thickness and their associated fungi (AM vs. EM) exploit different nutrient patches (inorganic and organic) in a common garden. In nutrient‐rich patches, thin‐root tree species more effectively proliferated absorptive roots than thick‐root tree species, whereas thick‐root tree species proliferated more mycorrhizal fungal biomass than thin‐root tree species. Moreover, nutrient patches enriched with organic materials resulted in greater root and mycorrhizal fungal proliferation compared to those enriched with inorganic nutrients. Irrespective of root morphology, AM tree species had higher root foraging precision than mycorrhizal hyphae foraging precision within organic patches, whereas EM tree species exhibited the opposite. Our findings that roots and mycorrhizal fungi are complementary in foraging within nutrient patches provide new insights into species coexistence and element cycling in terrestrial ecosystems.
Litter quality mediated nitrogen effect on plant litter decomposition regardless of soil fauna presence
Authors: Zhang Weidong , Chao Lin , Yang Qingpeng , Wang Qingkui , Fang Yunting , Wang Silong 
Published: July 2016

AbstractNitrogen addition has been shown to affect plant litter decomposition in terrestrial ecosystems. The way that nitrogen deposition impacts the relationship between plant litter decomposition and altered soil nitrogen availability is unclear, however. This study examined 18 co‐occurring litter types in a subtropical forest in China in terms of their decomposition (1 yr of exposure in the field) with nitrogen addition treatment (0, 0.4, 1.6, and 4.0 mol·N·m−2·yr−1) and soil fauna exclusion (litter bags with 0.1 and 2 cm mesh size). Results showed that the plant litter decomposition rate is significantly reduced because of nitrogen addition; the strength of the nitrogen addition effect is closely related to the nitrogen addition levels. Plant litters with diverse quality responded to nitrogen addition differently. When soil fauna was present, the nitrogen addition effect on medium‐quality or high‐quality plant litter decomposition rate was −26% ± 5% and −29% ± 4%, respectively; these values are significantly higher than that of low‐quality plant litter decomposition. The pattern is similar when soil fauna is absent. In general, the plant litter decomposition rate is decreased by soil fauna exclusion; an average inhibition of −17% ± 1.5% was exhibited across nitrogen addition treatment and litter quality groups. However, this effect is weakly related to nitrogen addition treatment and plant litter quality. We conclude that the variations in plant litter quality, nitrogen deposition, and soil fauna are important factors of decomposition and nutrient cycling in a subtropical forest ecosystem.
Spring temperatures influence selection on breeding date and the potential for phenological mismatch in a migratory bird
Authors: Bowers E. Keith , Grindstaff Jennifer L. , Soukup Sheryl Swartz , Drilling Nancy E. , Eckerle Kevin P. , Sakaluk Scott K. , Thompson Charles F. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractClimate change has affected the seasonal phenology of a variety of taxa, including that of migratory birds and their critical food resources. However, whether climate‐induced changes in breeding phenology affect individual fitness, and how these changes might therefore influence selection on breeding date remain unresolved. Here, we use a 36‐yr dataset from a long‐term, individual‐based study of House Wrens (Troglodytes aedon) to test whether the timing of avian breeding seasons is associated with annual changes in temperature, which have increased to a small but significant extent locally since the onset of the study in 1980. Increasing temperature was associated with an advancement of breeding date in the population, as the onset of breeding within years was closely associated with daily spring temperatures. Warmer springs were also associated with a reduced incubation period, but reduced incubation periods were associated with a prolonged duration of nestling provisioning. Nest productivity, in terms of fledgling production, was not associated with temperature, but wetter springs reduced fledging success. Most years were characterized by selection for earlier breeding, but cool and wet years resulted in stabilizing selection on breeding date. Our results indicate that climate change and increasing spring temperatures can affect suites of life‐history traits, including selection on breeding date. Increasing temperatures may favor earlier breeding, but the extent to which the phenology of populations might advance may be constrained by reductions in fitness associated with early breeding during cool, wet years. Variability in climatic conditions will, therefore, shape the extent to which seasonal organisms can respond to changes in their environment.
Comparing the lipogenic and cholesterolgenic effects of individual trans‐18:1 isomers in liver cells
Authors: Vahmani Payam , Meadus William J. , Duff Pascale , Rolland David C. , Dugan Michael E. R. 
Published: July 2016

The present study compared the lipogenic/cholesterolgenic effects of t6‐, t9‐ (positive control), t10‐, t11‐, t13‐, t14‐, t15‐18:1, cis(c)9‐18:1 (cis control) or bovine serum albumin (BSA; negative control) in liver cells (HepG2). Fatty acids (100 μM) were complexed to BSA, and cells were incubated for 24 h. Two wells of cells were cultured per treatment per experiment, and the experiment was repeated three times (n = 6). The fatty acid treatments had no effect on cell viability compared to BSA. The content of triacylglycerol (TG) and cholesteryl esters (CE) were increased (P < 0.05) when culturing with t6‐, t9‐, and t10‐18:1 compared to BSA control, but were not affected (P > 0.05) by other fatty acid treatments. Consistent with the effects on TG and CE, culturing cells with t6‐, t9‐, or t10‐18:1 upregulated expression of several genes involved in fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis, and effects were most consistent for t6‐18:1. Esterification of t18:1 isomers into TG was 1.7‐fold greater when cells were cultured with t6‐, t9‐, and t10‐18:1 compared to t11‐, t13‐, t14‐, and t15‐18:1. The results from the present study indicate t6‐, t9‐, and t10‐18:1 induce lipogenic/cholesterolgenic gene expression resulting in increased cellular content of TG and CE, while t11‐, t13‐, t14‐, and t15‐18:1 responded similarly to c9‐18:1 and control treatments.Practical application: Trans fatty acids have been associated with cardiovascular disease mainly through adverse effects on blood lipoprotein profiles. Several t18:1 isomers are found in foods, but studies on individual isomers have been mostly limited to t9‐ and t11‐18:1. The isomer specific effects of other t18:1 isomers have been limited because of their lack of commercial availability. To investigate the effects of individual t18:1 isomers, we isolated and purified several isomers from beef fat using silver‐ion chromatography techniques. We examined the effects of seven t18:1 isomers in liver cells on cellular triacylglycerol and cholesterol content, fatty acid composition, and expression of key genes involved in fatty acid and cholesterol syntheses. Our results indicate that the major t18:1 isomers found in partially hydrogenated vegetable oils, and ruminant fats when feeding grain based diets (i.e., t6‐ to t10‐18:1) have more potent lipogenic/cholesterolgenic effects compared to isomers enriched in ruminant fats when feeding forage based diets (i.e., t11‐ to t15‐18:1).The major trans(t)18:1 isomers found in partially hydrogenated vegetable oils, and ruminant fats when feeding grain based diets (i.e., t6‐ to t10‐18:1) induced lipogenic/cholesterolgenic gene expression in liver cells resulting in increased cellular content of triacylglycerol and cholesteryl esters. In contrast, t‐18:1 isomers enriched in ruminant fats when feeding forage based diets (i.e., t11‐ to t15‐18:1) responded similarly to cis9‐18:1 and control treatments.
Influence of lipid composition on the oral bioavailability of cinnarizine sub‐microemulsions
Authors: Chen Yinrong , Li Xin , Wei Xudan , Gou Jingxin , Tang Xing , He Haibing , Xu Hui 
Published: July 2016

The oral bioavailability of cinnarizine is usually limited by its poor solubility in the gastrointestinal tract. In this study, two kinds of cinnarizine sub‐microemulsions (SMEs) were prepared using medium (MCT) and long (LCT) chain triglycerides, respectively, and the effect of the lipid composition on the oral bioavailability of SMEs was investigated in terms of stability, in vitro lipolysis, in situ single‐pass intestinal perfusion, and in vivo pharmacokinetics. The SMEs increased cinnarizine stability in simulated gastrointestinal fluid and in vitro lipolysis products of LCT‐SMEs showed better cinnarizine solubilization capacity than that of MCT‐SMEs. In addition, the absorption rate (Ka) and the effective permeability coefficient (Peff) of LCT‐SMEs were significantly improved compared with MCT‐SMEs. The AUC0‐t value of LCT‐SMEs was 4132.6 ± 673.4 ng/mL · h, which was 1.94‐fold higher than that of the aqueous suspension. Moreover, the AUC0‐t value of LCT‐SMEs was also significantly greater than that of MCT‐SMEs (2490.7 ± 685.3 ng/mL · h), owing to the better drug solubilization capacity of the complex colloidal mixtures formed from digestion of LCT. Hence, LCT‐SMEs was successful in improving the oral bioavailability of cinnarizine and it was a superior drug vehicle for oral administration.Practical applications: Owing to poor solubility of cinnarizine in the gastrointestinal tract, its commercially available dosage forms including tablets and capsules exhibit low oral bioavailability. Here we propose SMEs to improve oral bioavailability of cinnarizine. In addition, the influence of lipid composition on the oral absorption of SMEs was investigated, and LCT‐SMEs significantly increased the oral bioavailability of cinnarizine compared with MCT‐SMEs. So, in this study we show that LCT‐SMEs is a promising drug vehicle for oral administration of cinnarizine.The colloidal structures generated from digested long chain triglycerides (LCT) have a better cinnarizine solubilisation ability than that generated from medium chain triglycerides (MCT) digestion, resulting in increased oral absorption for the LCT formulation compared with MCT.
Organophosphate ester flame retardant concentrations and distributions in serum from inhabitants of Shandong, China, and changes between 2011 and 2015
Authors: Ma Yulong , Jin Jun , Li Peng , Xu Meng , Sun Yiming , Wang Ying , Yuan Haodong 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

The production and use of brominated flame retardants have been increasingly restricted. Organophosphate esters (OPEs) have been widely used as substitutes for brominated flame retardants. However, little is yet known about human exposure to OPEs. The potential health risks posed by OPEs were assessed by determining the concentrations of 6 OPEs in pooled serum samples from residents of Shandong, China. The mean ∑6OPE concentrations in 2011 and 2015 were 680 ng/g lipid and 709 ng/g lipid, respectively. The most abundant OPE was tri(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, contributing a mean of 82% of the ∑6OPE concentration. A significant correlation was found between the tri(2-chloroethyl) phosphate and tri-n-butylphosphate concentrations, possibly indicating that these OPEs are used in similar applications and have similar human exposure pathways in the study area. The mean tri(2-chloroethyl) phosphate concentration increased from 536 ng/g lipid in 2011 to 605 ng/g lipid in 2015, but the concentrations of tri-n-butylphosphate, triphenyl phosphate, and tris(methylphenyl) esters decreased between 2011 and 2015. This could indicate that chlorinated OPEs bioaccumulate in humans more strongly than nonchlorinated OPEs do. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:414–421. © 2016 SETAC
Degradation behavior of, and tissue response to photo‐crosslinked poly(trimethylene carbonate) networks
Authors: Rongen Jan J. , van Bochove Bas , Hannink Gerjon , Grijpma Dirk W. , Buma Pieter 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPhoto‐crosslinked networks prepared from three‐armed methacrylate functionalized PTMC oligomers (PTMC‐tMA macromers) are attractive materials for developing an anatomically correct meniscus scaffold. In this study, we evaluated cell specific biocompatibility, in vitro and in vivo degradation behavior of, and tissue response to, such PTMC networks. By evaluating PTMC networks prepared from PTMC‐tMA macromers of different molecular weights, we were able to assess the effect of macromer molecular weight on the degradation rate of the PTMC network obtained after photo‐crosslinking. Three photo‐crosslinked networks with different crosslinking densities were prepared using PTMC‐tMA macromers with molecular weights 13.3, 17.8, and 26.7 kg/mol. Good cell biocompatibility was demonstrated in a proliferation assay with synovium derived cells. PTMC networks degraded slowly, but statistically significant, both in vitro as well as subcutaneously in rats. Networks prepared from macromers with higher molecular weights demonstrated increased degradation rates compared to networks prepared from initial macromers of lowest molecular weight. The degradation process took place via surface erosion. The PTMC networks showed good tissue tolerance during subcutaneous implantation, to which the tissue response was characterized by the presence of fibrous tissue and encapsulation of the implants. Concluding, we developed cell and tissue biocompatible, photo‐crosslinked PTMC networks using PTMC‐tMA macromers with relatively high molecular weights. These photo‐crosslinked PTMC networks slowly degrade by a surface erosion process. Increasing the crosslinking density of these networks decreases the rate of surface degradation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2823–2832, 2016.
Effect of resorption rate and osteoconductivity of biodegradable calcium phosphate materials on the acquisition of natural bone strength in the repaired bone
Authors: Chiba Shinpei , Anada Takahisa , Suzuki Kentaro , Saito Keisuke , Shiwaku Yukari , Miyatake Naohisa , Baba Kazuyoshi , Imaizumi Hideki , Hosaka Masami , Itoi Eiji , Suzuki Osamu 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare the biodegradation rate and quality of regenerated bone among four materials. A short time period of 8 weeks was chosen to examine early bone healing. The rod‐shaped implants of commercially available two β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) ceramics with porosity 60% and 71–80%, respectively, laboratory prepared octacalcium phosphate/gelatin composite (OCP/Gel), which has been proven to have a highly osteoconductive and biodegradable property in rat calvarial defect, and gelatin sponge (Gelatin) were implanted in rabbit tibia defect of 6 mm diameter and 7 mm depth for 2, 4 and 8 weeks. Analyses by μCT, histomorphometry and push‐in test were carried out to evaluate the extent of the tissue regeneration and the material biodegradation in the long bone. OCP/Gel and Gelatin were completely resorbed but only OCP/Gel induced cortical bone bridge until 8 weeks that has strength compatible to that of the natural bone. β‐TCP (71%‐80%) and β‐TCP (60%) were not completely resorbed and never induced the amount of new bone formation beyond that by OCP/Gel. The results indicate that the new bone having enough strength could be regenerated if the material shows not only higher biodegradation rate but also higher osteoconductivity. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2833–2842, 2016.
A Novel, Direct NO Donor Regulates Osteoblast and Osteoclast Functions and Increases Bone Mass in Ovariectomized Mice
Authors: Kalyanaraman Hema , Ramdani Ghania , Joshua Jisha , Schall Nadine , Boss Gerry R , Cory Esther , Sah Robert L , Casteel Darren E , Pilz Renate B 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

Most US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved treatments for osteoporosis target osteoclastic bone resorption. Only PTH derivatives improve bone formation, but they have drawbacks, and novel bone-anabolic agents are needed. Nitrates, which generate NO, improved BMD in estrogen-deficient rats and may improve bone formation markers and BMD in postmenopausal women. However, nitrates are limited by induction of oxidative stress and development of tolerance, and may increase cardiovascular mortality after long-term use. Here we studied nitrosyl-cobinamide (NO-Cbi), a novel, direct NO-releasing agent, in a mouse model of estrogen deficiency–induced osteoporosis. In murine primary osteoblasts, NO-Cbi increased intracellular cGMP, Wnt/β-catenin signaling, proliferation, and osteoblastic gene expression, and protected cells from apoptosis. Correspondingly, in intact and ovariectomized (OVX) female C57Bl/6 mice, NO-Cbi increased serum cGMP concentrations, bone formation, and osteoblastic gene expression, and in OVX mice, it prevented osteocyte apoptosis. NO-Cbi reduced osteoclasts in intact mice and prevented the known increase in osteoclasts in OVX mice, partially through a reduction in the RANKL/osteoprotegerin gene expression ratio, which regulates osteoclast differentiation, and partially through direct inhibition of osteoclast differentiation, observed in vitro in the presence of excess RANKL. The positive NO effects in osteoblasts were mediated by cGMP/protein kinase G (PKG), but some of the osteoclast-inhibitory effects appeared to be cGMP-independent. NO-Cbi increased trabecular bone mass in both intact and OVX mice, consistent with its in vitro effects on osteoblasts and osteoclasts. NO-Cbi is a novel direct NO-releasing agent that, in contrast to nitrates, does not generate oxygen radicals, and combines anabolic and antiresorptive effects in bone, making it an excellent candidate for treating osteoporosis. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Evaluation of Innate Immunity Biomarkers on Admission and at Discharge From an Acute Heart Failure Episode
Authors: Silva Nuno , Patrício Emília , Bettencourt Paulo , Guimarães João Tiago 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundThe involvement of the immune system in heart failure (HF) has been demonstrated. Evidence shows that innate immunity can have a role in the remodeling process and progression of HF. With previous studies showing the prognostic value of some innate immunity markers and their relevance in this condition, we aim to evaluate how these markers vary on hospitalization due to an acute episode of HF and at discharge.MethodsAbout 154 patients admitted with acute HF were prospectively recruited. Patients were evaluated on admission and at discharge from the hospital. Patients with infection were separately analyzed. Innate immunity, inflammatory, and cardiac biomarkers were measured and were compared between groups and between admission and discharge and with reference values of biological variation.ResultsMedian patients’ age was 78 years, and half of the patients were men. The median duration of hospitalization was 6 days. C3 and C4 protein levels significantly increased (P < 0.001) between admission and discharge, as well as eosinophils (P < 0.001) and BNP levels decreased (P < 0.001). Variation in all these variables was independent of infection and biological variation.ConclusionOur results show that innate immunity markers such as C3 and C4 increase after treatment for acute HF, supporting the hypothesis that they can be involved in the resolution of the acute episode.