bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Joint Industry Research Programme to Improve Oil Spill Response Technologies and Methodologies for Use in the Arctic Offshore Environment
Authors: Mullin Joseph V. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
For more than 50 years, the oil and gas industry has jointly funded and conducted research with industry, government, academia, and stakeholders to advance and improve arctic oil spill response technologies and methodologies and understand the potential impacts on the marine environment. This sustained and frequently collaborative effort is not commonly known and recognised by those outside the field of oil spill response. This research has included hundreds of studies, laboratory and basin experiments and field trials, specifically in the United States, Canada and Scandinavia (Potter et al 2012). Recent examples include the SINTEF Oil in Ice JIP (2006–2009) (Sørstrøm et al 2010) and research conducted at Ohmsett - The National Oil Spill Response Research and Renewable Energy Test Facility.
To continue to build on this existing research, nine international oil and gas companies (BP, Chevron, ConocoPhillips, Eni, ExxonMobil, North Caspian Operating Company (NCOC), Shell, Statoil, and Total) are working collaboratively in the Arctic Oil Spill Response Technology - Joint Industry Programme (JIP). The purpose of the programme, the largest pan-industry programme dedicated to this area of research, is to further enhance industry knowledge and capabilities in the area of arctic oil spill response. The world's foremost experts on oil spill response, development, and operations from across industry, academia, and independent scientific institutions are being engaged to perform the scientific research.
The programme has completed phase one, which included technical assessments and state of knowledge reviews in the following six areas: dispersants, environmental effects, trajectory modelling, remote sensing, mechanical recovery, and in situ burning (ISB). Twelve research reports that identify and summarise the state-of- knowledge and regulatory status for using dispersants, in situ burn, mechanical recovery, and remote sensing in the Arctic are available on the JIP website (www.arcticresponsetechnology.org).
Phase two activities actively underway include modelling studies, laboratory and meso-scale basin testing and field experiments. Special emphasis is laid on gaining knowledge for the development of an Arctic Net Environmental Benefit Analysis (NEBA) tool to support operational decision-making for oil spill response strategy in the Arctic.
Sharing Information on Oil and Gas Activity in Marine Environments Using the IPIECA Marine Geospatial Bibliography
Authors: Ruck Philip , Plana Josep Oriol , Edmunds Paul 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The objective of the paper is to provide information on the recently re-launched IPIECA Marine Geospatial Bibliography, highlighting the improvements that have been made to the tool since its initial launch in 2013, providing an example from an IPIECA member company on how they have made use of and contributed to the MGB, as well as explaining how using the tool can be beneficial to a wide range of audiences.
The objective of the MGB website itself is to centralise relevant information related to oil and gas activities in marine areas via a free online knowledge sharing platform which is accessible at http://mgb.ipieca.org. The MGB mission statement is to "identify and share sources of up-to-date scientific knowledge for management of oil and gas activities related to the marine environment, biodiversity, and ecosystems, whilst promoting ocean stewardship through increased transparency and greater awareness".
The paper will briefly explain the process IPIECA went through in 2014 and early 2015 to upgrade the MGB website, a collaboration with the GIS consultancy organisation Island GIS which culminated in the re-launch of the website in July 2015. Improvements include: –Technical updates, including integration of Google Maps and Maps Engine–Sharpened design and navigation functions–Increased accuracy of document locations–Easier content uploading for registered users
It will also explain how registered users of the MGB can get involved by uploading content, thereby allowing the MGB to continue to expand as further research and resources become available.
An additional focus of the paper will be a case study from IPIECA member company Repsol, who are a prominent contributor to the IPIECA-IOGP Biodiversity & Ecosystem Services Working Group and have been hugely supportive of the MGB. The paper will explain how Repsol have made use of the existing information available on the MGB, as well as Repsol's recent contribution of useful research to the tool. Repsol will also reflect upon the business benefits of using and contributing to the MGB.
Impact Investing: A New Opportunity for Oil and Gas
Authors: Briggs Barnaby 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Oil and gas operators and other extractive companies can become drivers – and beneficiaries – of social impact investment partnerships. Impact investment is an innovative branch of the finance industry dedicated to obtaining a financial return as well as a social impact. The main constraint these investors face is the lack of ‘ready for market’ projects. This paper explains how oil and gas can help meet these needs.
Social impact investment represents a powerful means of mobilising very large volumes of capital - from foundations, pension funds, development agencies, and high net worth individuals - to drive sustained socio-economic development.
Our methodology consists of defining a specific problem that industry does not have the resources or mandate to resolve (for example crude oil theft for oil companies or artisanal mining for miners – along with a backdrop of population influx and growth, local content availability, and low SME development) and to identify a number of revenue generative opportunities; communicating clearly to targeted groups what they will save or gain from resolving this problem through these profitable opportunities; and communicating what they need to do to collaborate and make it possible.
Development of a Practical Evaluation Tool for Climate Driven Physical Risks
Authors: Buttini Patrizia , Marcelli Giulia , Petrella Chiara , Deffis Juan 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
As the challenges the O&G sector is facing have grown more complex, scientific evidence and environmental sensitivities are used to improve asset resiliency and making adaptation a cost effective strategy. The planet is experiencing water scarcity and extreme weather events that poses threats particularly to coastal areas and cities. It is thus necessary a simple and practical methodology to assess the risk of climate driven impacts on the O&G assets based on scenarios capable of detecting trends of change in climate risk.
The challenge is to develop a sufficiently detailed risk assessment across a broad range of assets and involving a long list of potential impacts resulting from extreme weather, coastal erosion, storm, ice, wind, land and biodiversity, water quality, regulatory, social and economic context.
An innovative risk assessment tool is under development using primary data from operational facilities, secondary data from internationally recognized databases, a suite of software tools and a customized vulnerability checklist applied at site operations. The trends of environmental and natural hazards are then assessed and managed both at the corporate and operational level. The vulnerability analysis needs to be customized on exploration and production, petro-chemistry and refining and must be applicable on site. A review of existing checklists has been conducted. These checklists complement and integrate the processes used in project development, with additional information on natural hazard and climate physical risks. Similarly to the methodology applied in the company's Water Resource Management guidelines, this approach would support the development of a resiliency management plan at the site level. The checklist gives a feedback on physical geographic location, the operating environment and local perceptions and implicitly suggests actions toward the improvement of resiliency.
Although more detailed and precise modelling of local risk may exist; the pilot study presented has a widespread applicability and does not require specialized technical skills and preliminary improvement indications are identified.
The approach is innovative, as far as we know, for the O&G sector. It moves away from a prescriptive approach to a more risk based strategy, allowing resources to be prioritized in geographic locations, activities and services that present higher risks to the company.
Getting to Zero - The Perfect HSE Day
Authors: Kuykendall Dina , Hinton J. Jack , Peresypkin Sergey 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
As an oil and gas industry, we are committed to "Getting to Zero" and to collaborating on our mutual goal of an incident free workplace. This paper describes our company's journey to embrace our industry's collective learnings, take action, and achieve a step change in HSE performance using a concept called "The Perfect HSE Day".
The first phase of our journey involved benchmarking best efforts and addressing the learnings identified in various SPE "Getting to Zero" workshops since 2010. These learnings include visible leadership, engaging employees and the pervasiveness of lagging indicators. While we developed methods to address these issues, such as our leading indicator scorecards, we realized we needed to do more. We also needed to adjust our mindset and really embrace the idea that getting to zero is possible. The real barrier was quite simply that to achieve it, you must first believe it. It was absolutely essential for all company leaders to believe, take a stand, and publicly declare our goal to "Make Every Day a Perfect HSE Day".
The second phase included defining the standard and metrics. Instead of focusing solely on safety, we chose a broad, well rounded approach, incorporating personal safety, transportation and also environmental aspects. The most critical part was employee engagement, to capture their hearts and minds using personal testimonials and a host of other means. It also meant celebrating success through daily email progress updates and enhancements to our HSE recognition program, among others.
The third and final phase is the continual evolution of The Perfect Day. This is a journey, and we must keep the momentum going to keep it alive. We've used a variety of strategies, including a personal renewal of employee commitment through what has now become an annual "HSE Commitment Day".
Using The Perfect HSE Day concept, we've achieved step change HSE performance improvement, far surpassing the incremental progress from prior years. This trajectory is dramatic and continues, as we are on track to achieve a 500% improvement since the Perfect HSE Day concept was introduced in 2012. And, the concept has been embraced by Quality and other groups, further expanding towards true operational excellence.
This paper describes our journey to zero, using a novel approach that connects broadly with employees on a personal level, in a way that statistical improvement goals never could. HSE goals that change from year to year can leave employees disconnected and feeling that they are back at square one. Instead, "The Perfect HSE Day" illustrates how breakthrough performance improvement can be achieved using an evergreen concept that can evolve and grow indefinitely.
Risk At Arms Length: How Exploration And Production Companies Are Managing Risks In Non-Operated Joint Ventures
Authors: Zamora Tony 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Exploration and production (E&P) companies enter joint-venture partnerships as a way to limit their risks in operations and projects. Over the past few years, most major international oil companies (IOCs) have grown their NOJV portfolios. Production figures from 2012 show that non-operated production accounted for more than 41% of all global production of the supermajor operators (e.g. 22% for Chevron, 40% for Shell, 41% for Eni and 44% for ExxonMobil).
While major E&P companies may employ rigorous systems for managing risks in their own operations, until recently they have largely maintained a "hands off" approach with their NOJVs. Now, in response to concerns over major liability risks, most major IOCs have begun to implement programs to assess and manage risk in their NOJV partners' operations. Many independent E&P companies continue to assess NOJV risk ad hoc or not at all.
This paper describes the challenges faced and the effective strategies discovered by E&P companies implementing risk management programs for their NOJVs. A literature review on the topic identified key limits faced by non-Operators and the opportunities available for managing NOJV risk. Interviews with HSE leaders in a variety of E&P companies (from "supermajor" to small independents) as well as with business and legal consultants revealed best practices and common challenges (e.g. contract restrictions, cultural biases and legal misperceptions). These insights are summarized in a list of successful strategies for NOJV risk management programs, which may be useful for leaders developing, implementing or improving NOJV risk management programs within their own companies.
Cutting Cost, Not Corners In Hes Organizational Capability
Authors: Roseborough Vanessa , Drinkwater Ashley 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
In a cost-constrained environment, operating companies in the industry turn to efficiency and cost- control measures, which often result in fewer resources for competency development and training of the workforce. Although business decisions such as cutting organizational capability (OC) programs have been observed in oil and gas, effective training of human resources is an important key to organizational success. Companies can gain a competitive advantage by building foundational capabilities that allow employees to effectively and efficiently execute on deliverables.
Various training and delivery methods can be used to deliver key messages and increase competency in a company's workforce. However, developing a structured program based on the needs of the learner is essential to the success of an OC initiative. Analyses demonstrate that employees will need different types of training and development experiences at different stages of their career; therefore, OC programs should be tailored to targeted audiences. For the Health, Environment and Safety (HES) function, building OC supports the value placed protecting the people and the environment in oil and gas operations. This paper explores three OC programs focused on effective, efficient, and tailored employee development through the sharing of best practices and lessons learned during a refresh of the programs. To achieve this objective, a literature review, project lookback, and cost analysis were conducted.
A cost-savings opportunity of over $6 million per year was revealed while continuing to increase competency and improve productivity throughout the various stages of an employee's career. The blended approach of learning was incorporated into the training and development programs allowing the organization "to adapt, compete, excel, innovate, produce, be safe, improve service and reach goals" in a downturn environment (Salas et al. 2012).
Modelling High‐temperature EBPR by Incorporating Glycogen and GAOs: Challenges from a Preliminary Study
Authors: Liau Kee Fui , Yeoh Hak Koon , Shoji Tadashi , Chua Adeline Seak May , Ho Pei Yee 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT: Recently reported kinetic and stoichiometric parameters of the Activated Sludge Model no. 2d (ASM2d) for high‐temperature EBPR processes suggested that the absence of glycogen in the model contributed to underestimation of PHA accumulation at 32 °C. Here, two modified ASM2d models were used to further explore the contribution of glycogen in the process. The ASM2d‐1G model incorporated glycogen metabolism by PAOs (polyphosphate‐accumulating organisms), while the ASM2d‐2G model further included processes by GAOs (glycogen‐accumulating organisms). These models were calibrated and validated using experimental data at 32 °C. The ASM2d‐1G model supported the hypothesis that the excess PHA was attributed to glycogen, but remained inadequate to capture the dynamics of glycogen without considering GAOs activities. The ASM2d‐2G model performed better, but it was challenging to calibrate as it often led to wash‐out of either PAOs or GAOs. Associated hurdles are highlighted and additional efforts in calibrating ASM2d‐2G more effectively are proposed.
Le réalisme populaire au quotidien. Vers l'émergence d'un nouveau modèle de société au Pérou ?
Authors: Fourtané Nicole 
Published: March 2016

Realismo popular. ¿ Hacia la emrgencia de un nuevo modelo social en el Peru ?
La década perdida, la de los 80, se caracteriza en el Peru por el fracaso del poder del Estado, la recesión, el caos adminstrativo y social, la violencia. En este contexto économico-social surgen en las barriadas de Lima, unas estrategias de subsistencia impulsadas por asociaciones de madrés de familia. Organizan el « vaso de lèche », cocinas y comedores colectivos, guarderias infantiles. Paralelamente, se expande la economia informal y se multiplican modalidades ilegales del comercio, la vivienda y el transporte.
En todas estas actividades impera una nueva solidaridad social cuya explication puede encontrarse en una tradición cultural específica de los migrantes de la sierra adaptados rápidamente a su entorno nuevo urbano. Han sido una manera de responder a la degradación de las condicones del campesino y de la familia y de construir una accion pacifica que contrarreste la presión de Sendero Luminoso hacia la violencia. Los miembros de estas asociaciones han venido a ser actores sociales importantes ; su funcionamiento colectivo modifica la sociedad peruana, proyecto alternativo que se construye desde abajo, accion concreta por la que se define otra cultura de la pobreza.
RQ 950, "La música de la patria". La oralidad radiofónica y la nueva visión social
Authors: Almoina de Carrera Pilar 
Published: March 2016

RQ 950, 'La musique de la patrie', oralité radiophonique et nouvelle vision de la société.
La décennie 1980-90 a vu apparaître une nouvelle forme de l'oralité dans la culture vénézuélienne, en particulier le corrido à thème politique, fortement contestataire.
La tradition épique du corrido ne manquait pas de portée sociale, mais véhiculé par la radio, il rencontre une audience plus large et plus fréquente à partir de 1983, non sans rapport avec la décision officielle de donner de l'éclat à la commémoration du bicentenaire de la naissance de Simon Bolivar. Le héros national sert de référence et la chanson montre la réalité politique contemporaine comme une trahison de ses idéaux.
Une autre des grandes voies d'expression des réalités contemporaines est l'attitude de dénonciation de la condition de la femme, rébellion, revendication d'égalité sexuelle autant que sociale. Ces deux axes d'une nouvelle forme de la chanson donnent naissance à une génération de chanteurs, souvent compositeurs- interprètes, où les femmes ont une grande place.
L'étude est fondée sur l'écoute et les enregistrements d'une radio de Caracas : RQ 950, qui transmet en permanence la musique traditionnelle du pays et ses recompositions, en réponse aux demandes des auditeurs. Cela permet de démontrer l'existence d'une nouvelle forme appelée oralité radiophonique, puissant moyen d'accéder à l'environnement social et politique et mettant en cause audacieusement les réalités nouvelles de la politique latino-américaine et la place de la femme dans la société.
Lo real fronterizo en La frontera de cristal de Carlos Fuentes
Authors: Boldy Steven 
Published: March 2016

A la frontière du réel : Lafrontera de cristal, de Carlos Fuentes.
Les neuf récits de Lafrontera de cristal ( 1995) traitent de thèmes sociaux de la frontière entre le Mexique et les Etats-Unis (les usines de montage délocalisées appelées maquiladoras, l'immigration clandestine, le racisme, etc.). Ce livre contraste avec d'autres œuvres de C. Fuentes par l'importance accordée au contenu, forme aparremment naïve de réalisme, messages idéologiques et culturels transparents, personnages typiques. Pourtant le livre, que l'on peut voir comme un roman fragmenté, offre avec insistance des énigmes : voix de l'auteur, usage de l'ironie, signes d'appartenance à un genre littéraire.
La novela policíaca mexicana reciente, ¿ propuesta de un nuevo realismo ? Apropiación de realidad en La bicicleta de Leonardo, de Paco Ignacio Taibo II
Authors: Vital Alberto 
Published: March 2016

Le roman policier mexicain récent. Appropriation de la réalité dans La bicicleta de Leonardo de Paco Ignacio Taibo II.
Un des problèmes intéressants posés par le récit de Paco Ignacio Taiblo II est la capacité de son écriture de s'approprier aussi bien les éléments de la réalité immédiate, contemporaine, que des moyens et procédés qui proviennent de la littérature du boom et aussi du cinéma noir des Etats-Unis, de la bande dessinée, du reportage policier. En somme, il est pétri de certains discours qui ont des prétentions esthétiques et d'autres qui en sont dépourvus, et il en fait une synthèse bien particulière.
Cette analyse conduit à une nouvelle définition du réalisme — peut-être même à définir un nouveau réalisme — d'autant mieux que les textes de Paco Ignacio Taibo II jouissent d'une réception massive. Au passage, il est tenu compte des préoccupations et de l'horizon d'attente du public. Du point de vue del 'esthétique littéraire et de l'histoire de la littérature, on est tenter de classer ce roman dans la ligne néo-réaliste.
A MULTI-INSTRUMENT ANALYSIS OF A C4.1 FLARE OCCURRING IN A δ SUNSPOT
Authors: Guglielmino S. L. , Zuccarello F. , Romano P. , Cristaldi A. , Ermolli I. , Criscuoli S. , Falco M. , Zuccarello F. P. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
We present an analysis of multi-instrument space- and ground-based observations relevant to a C4.1 solar flare that occurred in the active region (AR) NOAA 11267 on 2011 August 6. Solar Dynamics Observatory observations indicate that at the flare’s beginning, it was localized in the preceding sunspot of the AR, which exhibits a δ configuration. Along the polarity inversion line between its opposite polarities we find a large shear angle of about 80°. The helicity accumulation shows that the AR does not obey the general hemispheric helicity rule. At the flare peak, unique observations taken with the X-Ray Telescope aboard Hinode reveal that the bulk of the X-ray emission takes place in the δ-spot region, where the plasma heats up to

K. During the gradual phase, we observe the development of a Y-shaped structure in the corona and in the high chromosphere. An extruding structure forms, being directed from the emitting region above the δ spot toward the following sunspot. This structure cools down in a few tens of minutes while moving eastward along a direction opposite to the flare ribbon expansion. Finally, remote brightenings are found at the easternmost footpoint of this structure, appearing as a third flare ribbon in the chromosphere. After some minutes, RHESSI measurements show that the X-ray emission is localized in the region close to the crossing point of the coronal Y-shaped structure. Simultaneously, high-resolution (0.″15) observations performed at the Swedish 1 m Solar Telescope indicate a decreasing trend of the Ca ii H intensity in the flare ribbons with some transient enhancements. All these findings suggest that this event is a manifestation of magnetic reconnection, likely induced by an asymmetric magnetic configuration in a highly sheared region.