bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population segmentation: an approach to reducing childhood obesity inequalities
Authors: Mahmood Hashum , Lowe Susan 
Published: January 2017

Aims: The aims of this study are threefold: (1) to investigate the relationship between socio-economic status (inequality) and childhood obesity prevalence within Birmingham local authority, (2) to identify any change in childhood obesity prevalence between deprivation quintiles and (3) to analyse individualised Birmingham National Child Measurement Programme (NCMP) data using a population segmentation tool to better inform obesity prevention strategies. Methods: Data from the NCMP for Birmingham (2010/2011 and 2014/2015) were analysed using the deprivation scores from the Income Domain Affecting Children Index (IDACI 2010). The percentage of children with excess weight was calculated for each local deprivation quintile. Population segmentation was carried out using the Experian’s Mosaic Public Sector 6 (MPS6) segmentation tool. Results: Childhood obesity levels have remained static at the national and Birmingham level. For Year 6 pupils, obesity levels have increased in the most deprived deprivation quintiles for boys and girls. The most affluent quintile shows a decreasing trend of obesity prevalence for boys and girls in both year groups. For the middle quintiles, the results show fluctuating trends. Conclusion: This research highlighted the link in Birmingham between obesity and socio-economic factors with the gap increasing between deprivation quintiles. Obesity is a complex problem that cannot simply be addressed through targeting most deprived populations, rather through a range of effective interventions tailored for the various population segments that reside within communities. Using population segmentation enables a more nuanced understanding of the potential barriers and levers within populations on their readiness for change. The segmentation of childhood obesity data will allow utilisation of social marketing methodology that will facilitate identification of suitable methods for interventions and motivate individuals to sustain behavioural change. Sequentially, it will also inform policy makers to commission the most appropriate interventions.
Fast assessment and management of chest pain patients without ST-elevation in the pre-hospital gateway (FamouS Triage): ruling out a myocardial infarction at home with the modified HEART score
Authors: Ishak Maycel , Ali Danish , Fokkert Marion J , Slingerland Robbert J , Tolsma Rudolf T , Badings Erik , van der Sluis Aize , van Eenennaam Fred , Mosterd Arend , ten Berg Jurriën M , van ’t Hof Arnoud WJ 
Published: January 2017

Background: The first study of the FamouS Triage project investigates the feasibility of ruling out a myocardial infarction in pre-hospital chest pain patients without electrocardiographic ST-segment elevation by using the modified HEART score at the patient’s home, incorporating only a single highly sensitive troponin T measurement. Methods: A venous blood sample was drawn in the ambulance from 1127 consecutive chest pain patients for measurement of the pre-hospital highly sensitive troponin T levels, in order to establish a pre-hospital HEART score (i.e. the modified HEART score) and evaluate the possibility of triage at the patient’s home. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of a major adverse cardiac event (MACE) i.e. acute myocardial infarction, percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary artery bypass grafting or death within 30 days after initial presentation. Results: Two hundred and six patients (18%) developed a MACE during 30 days of follow-up. Thirty-six per cent of the patients ( n=403) had a low modified HEART score (0–3 points) and none of them developed a MACE during follow-up. Forty-four per cent of the patients ( n=494) had an intermediate modified HEART score (4–6 points) and 18% of them developed a MACE. Twenty per cent of the patients ( n=230) had a high modified HEART score (7–10 points) of which 52% developed a MACE during follow-up. Conclusion: It seems feasible to rule out a myocardial infarction at home in chest pain patients without ST-segment elevation by using the modified HEART score. TRIAL ID: NTR4205. Dutch Trial Register [ http://www.trialregister.nl ]: trial number 4205.
Chylomediastinum after cardiac surgery through median sternotomy: A case report
Authors: Akutsu Hirohiko , Aizawa Kei , Sato Hirotaka , Misawa Yoshio 
Published: January 2017

Background: Chylous discharge can rarely occur after cardiac surgery through a median sternotomy. Conservative or surgical treatment might be chosen based on the amount of the discharge. Methods: We report the case of a patient who developed chylomediastinum after aortic valve replacement through a median sternotomy. A 79-year-old woman underwent aortic valve replacement through a median sternotomy for aortic valve stenosis. The thymus exhibited fatty degeneration and was divided with ligation at the mid-portion of the body without separation between the right and left lobes. Results: On the second postoperative day, 100mL of milky fluid was observed from the drainage tube of the retrosternal space after oral intake. We diagnosed the patient with chylomediastinum based on the characteristic appearance of the fluid and the relationship between the oral intake and the event. The drainage and low-fat total parenteral nutrition were continued for 1 week, leading to complete disappearance of the chylous discharge. Conclusion: Gentle and minimal exploration is required during venous snaring and thymus division for cardiac surgery through a median sternotomy, and minor chylomediastinum could be cured conservatively.
BCAP inhibits proliferation and differentiation of myeloid progenitors in the steady state and during demand situations
Authors: Duggan Jeffrey M. , Buechler Matthew B. , Olson Rebecca M. , Hohl Tobias M. , Hamerman Jessica A. 
Published: January 2017

Key Points
BCAP is expressed in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and inhibits myeloid cell development in a cell-intrinsic manner. In the absence of BCAP, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells are more proliferative, particularly in demand situations.
Epidemiology of pediatric burns and future prevention strategies—a study of 475 patients from a high-volume burn center in North India
Authors: Dhopte Amol , Tiwari V. K. , Patel Pankaj , Bamal Rahul 
Published: January 2017

Abstract

Background
Pediatric burns have a long-term social impact. This is more apparent in a developing country such as India, where their incidence and morbidity are high. The aim of this study was to provide recent prospective epidemiological data on pediatric burns in India and to suggest future preventive strategies.

Methods
Children up to 18 years old admitted to the Department of Burns, Plastic & Maxillofacial Surgery, VMMC & Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, between January and December 2014 were included in the study. Data regarding age, sex, etiology, total body surface area (TBSA), circumstances of injury, and clinical assessment were collected. The Mann-Whitney test or Kruskal-Wallis test or ANOVA was used to compare involved TBSA among various cohort groups accordingly. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were used to determine the predictors of TBSA.

Results
There were a total of 475 patients involved in the study, including seven suicidal burns, all of whom were females with a mean age greater than the cohort average. Age, type of burns, mode of injury, presence or absence of inhalation injury, gender, and time of year (quarter) for admission were found to independently affect the TBSA involved. Electrical burns also formed an important number of presenting burn patients, mainly involving teenagers. Several societal issues have come forth, e.g., child marriage, child labor, and likely psychological problems among female children as suggested by a high incidence of suicidal burns.

Conclusions
This study also highlights several issues such as overcrowding, lack of awareness, dangerous cooking practices, and improper use of kerosene oil. There is an emergent need to recognize the problems, formulate strategies, spread awareness, and ban or replace hazardous substances responsible for most burn accidents.
Frontline Science: Multiple cathepsins promote inflammasome-independent, particle-induced cell death during NLRP3-dependent IL-1β activation
Authors: Orlowski Gregory M , Sharma Shruti , Colbert Jeff D , Bogyo Matthew , Robertson Stephanie A , Kataoka Hiroshi , Chan Francis K , Rock Kenneth L 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Sterile particles cause several chronic, inflammatory diseases, characterized by repeating cycles of particle phagocytosis and inflammatory cell death. Recent studies have proposed that these processes are driven by the NLRP3 inflammasome, a platform activated by phagocytosed particles, which controls both caspase-1–dependent cell death (pyroptosis) and mature IL-1β secretion. After phagocytosis, particles can disrupt lysosomes, and inhibitor studies have suggested that the resulting release of a lysosomal protease—cathepsin B—into the cytosol somehow activates NLRP3. However, using primary murine macrophages, we found that particle-induced cell death occurs independent of NLRP3/caspase-1 and depends instead on multiple, redundant cathepsins. In contrast, nigericin, a soluble activator of NLRP3 inflammasomes, induced cell death that was dependent on the NLRP3. Interestingly, nigericin-induced cell death depended partly on a single cathepsin, cathepsin X. By inhibiting or silencing multiple cathepsins in macrophages, several key proinflammatory events induced by sterile particles are blocked, including cell death, pro–IL-1β production, and IL-1β secretion. These data suggest that cathepsins might be potential therapeutic targets in particulate-mediated inflammatory disease. In support of this concept, we find that a broad-spectrum cathepsin inhibitor can suppress particle-induced IL-1–dependent peritonitis.
Intrinsic properties of limb bud cells can be differentially reset
Authors: Saiz-Lopez Patricia , Chinnaiya Kavitha , Towers Matthew , Ros Maria A. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT
An intrinsic timing mechanism specifies the positional values of the zeugopod (i.e. radius/ulna) and then autopod (i.e. wrist/digits) segments during limb development. Here, we have addressed whether this timing mechanism ensures that patterning events occur only once by grafting GFP-expressing autopod progenitor cells to the earlier host signalling environment of zeugopod progenitor cells. We show by detecting Hoxa13 expression that early and late autopod progenitors fated for the wrist and phalanges, respectively, both contribute to the entire host autopod, indicating that the autopod positional value is irreversibly determined. We provide evidence that Hoxa13 provides an autopod-specific positional value that correctly allocates cells into the autopod, most likely through the control of cell-surface properties as shown by cell-cell sorting analyses. However, we demonstrate that only the earlier autopod cells can adopt the host proliferation rate to permit normal morphogenesis. Therefore, our findings reveal that the ability of embryonic cells to differentially reset their intrinsic behaviours confers robustness to limb morphogenesis. We speculate that this plasticity could be maintained beyond embryogenesis in limbs with regenerative capacity.
The chemical compound bubblin induces stomatal mispatterning in Arabidopsis by disrupting the intrinsic polarity of stomatal lineage cells
Authors: Sakai Yumiko , Sugano Shigeo S. , Kawase Takashi , Shirakawa Makoto , Imai Yu , Kawamoto Yusuke , Sugiyama Hiroshi , Nakagawa Tsuyoshi , Hara-Nishimura Ikuko , Shimada Tomoo 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT
Stem cell polarization is a crucial step in asymmetric cell division, which is a universal system for generating cellular diversity in multicellular organisms. Several conventional genetics studies have attempted to elucidate the mechanisms underlying cell polarization in plants, but it remains largely unknown. In plants, stomata, which are valves for gas exchange, are generated through several rounds of asymmetric divisions. In this study, we identified and characterized a chemical compound that affects stomatal stem cell polarity. High-throughput screening for bioactive molecules identified a pyridine-thiazole derivative, named bubblin, which induced stomatal clustering in Arabidopsis epidermis. Bubblin perturbed stomatal asymmetric division, resulting in the generation of two identical daughter cells. Both cells continued to express the stomatal fate determinant SPEECHLESS, and then differentiated into mispatterned stomata. Bubblin-treated cells had a defect in the polarized localization of BREAKING OF ASYMMETRY IN THE STOMATAL LINEAGE (BASL), which is required for asymmetric cell fate determination. Our results suggest that bubblin induces stomatal lineage cells to divide without BASL-dependent pre-mitotic establishment of polarity. Bubblin is a potentially valuable tool for investigating cell polarity establishment in stomatal asymmetric division.
Venous Thromboembolism: Regional Differences in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, 1993 to 2000
Authors: Proctor Mary C. , Wainess Reid M. , Henke Peter K. , Upchurch Gilbert R. , Wakefield Thomas W. 
Published: January 2017

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a costly complication of hospitalization. The sequelae make it a concern for public health planners. The Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) contains data for hospital discharges in the United States. These data were reviewed to determine their suitability for health policy planning. International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes for VTE were applied to the NIS data. The sample was queried for demographic information, mortality, length of hospital stay, diagnosis, and treatment. The rates were standardized for geographic region and disease acuity. Statistical analysis included descriptive reporting of means and event rates; analysis of variance and logistic regression were used for regional effects and modeling of mortality. Between 1993 and 2000, 636,814 discharges involved VTE (1.2%). This rate was consistent over time and within regions. Regional differences existed in the acceptance of new technology and hospital charges. Mortality varied from 6.3% (Midwest) to 7.9% (Northeast) and was associated with admission type, comorbidities, pulmonary embolism, and discharge from the Northeast region. White race, chronic venous insufficiency, and female gender were protective variables. The NIS data report a consistent mortality rate despite improved therapy. Regional diagnostic, treatment, and economic differences exist. The data are useful for the purposes of public health care planning and stimulating clinical trial questions.
Physician Service Attribution Methods for Examining Provision of Low-Value
Care
Authors: Chang Eva , Buist Diana SM , Handley Matthew , Pardee Roy , Gundersen Gabrielle , Reid Robert J. 
Published: January 2017

Objectives: There has been significant research on provider attribution for
quality and cost. Low-value care is an area of heightened focus, with little of the
focus being on measurement; a key methodological decision is how to attribute delivered
services and procedures. We illustrate the difference in relative and absolute
physician- and panel-attributed services and procedures using overuse in cervical cancer
screening.Study Design: A retrospective, cross-sectional study in an integrated health
care system.Methods: We used 2013 physician-level data from Group Health Cooperative to
calculate two utilization attributions: (1) panel attribution with the procedure
assigned to the physician’s predetermined panel, regardless of who performed the
procedure; and (2) physician attribution with the procedure assigned to the performing
physician. We calculated the percentage of low-value cervical cancer screening tests and
ranked physicians within the clinic using the two utilization attribution
methods.Results: The percentage of low-value cervical cancer screening varied
substantially between physician and panel attributions. Across the whole delivery
system, median panel- and physician-attributed percentages were 15 percent and 10
percent, respectively. Among sampled clinics, panel-attributed percentages ranged
between 10 percent and 17 percent, and physician-attributed percentages ranged between 9
percent and 13 percent. Within a clinic, median panel-attributed screening percentage
was 17 percent (range 0 percent–27 percent) and physician-attributed percentage was 11
percent (range 0 percent–24 percent); physician rank varied by attribution
method.Conclusions: The attribution method is an important methodological decision when
developing low-value care measures since measures may ultimately have an impact on
national benchmarking and quality scores. Cross-organizational dialogue and transparency
in low-value care measurement will become increasingly important for all
stakeholders.
Nationaler Aktionstag für die Erhaltung schriftlichen Kulturguts in Göttingen
Authors: Huff Dorothee , Mangei Johannes 
Published: January 2017

Zusammenfassung
In Erinnerung an Katastrophen wie den Einsturz des Kölner Stadtarchivs, den Brand der Herzogin Anna Amalia Bibliothek Weimar oder die Folgen des Elbehochwassers findet der „Nationale Aktionstag für die Erhaltung schriftlichen Kulturguts“ statt. Er weist auf Gefahren wie Schimmel, Papierzerfall und Tintenfraß hin. Der Beitrag schildert die Aktivitäten, die zum 12. Aktionstag im November 2016 in Göttingen durchgeführt wurden.
Ist Bestandserhaltung ‚old fashioned‘? Auseinandersetzung mit einer im Raum stehenden Behauptung
Authors: Märker Almuth 
Published: January 2017

Zusammenfassung
Der grundlegende Wandel in der bibliothekarischen Arbeitswelt infolge der digitalen Veränderungen rückt das Aufgabengebiet der Bestandserhaltung scheinbar in das Licht, ewig gestrig dem Alten verhaftet zu sein. Der Beitrag zeigt, dass das Ziel der Bestandserhaltung notwendig der Originalerhalt ist und dass sie sich am Analogen orientieren muss. Daraus folgt die Brisanz der Tatsache, dass Bestandserhaltung verstärkt ins Bewusstsein der Politik und der Öffentlichkeit zu heben ist.
„From Collections to Connections“: Die öffentliche Bibliothek als Knotenpunkt der Kommune
Authors: Mittrowan Andreas 
Published: January 2017

Zusammenfassung
Wie können sich öffentliche Bibliotheken im gesellschaftlichen und digitalen Wandel positionieren? In erfolgreichen Häusern ändert sich der Fokus weltweit von den Medien hin zum Menschen: Was sind die Bedürfnisse der Bürger in den Bereichen Kultur, Bildung und Freizeit und wie kann die Bibliothek dem Rechnung tragen? Der Autor stellt in seinem Beitrag als Antwort auf diese Fragen das dänische Modellprogramm für Bibliotheken sowie Beispiele aus Aarhus (DK), Worcester (GB), Houston und Bellingham (USA), Geelong (Australien) und Köln in Deutschland vor und präsentiert in seinem Fazit fünf zentrale Erfolgsfaktoren für den Wandel der Bibliothek hin zu einem „kommunalen Knotenpunkt“.
Makerspace, Mundraub-Tour und Foodsharing
Authors: Geißler Jens A. , Schumann Tim 
Published: January 2017

Zusammenfassung
Öffentliche Bibliotheken können gegenwärtige Trends wie Sharing oder Urban Gardening mit modernen Bibliothekskonzepten wie Makerspaces verknüpfen. Orientiert an den Ideen grüner Bibliotheken und neuen Formen der Zusammenarbeit mit der Zivilgesellschaft startete die Stadtbibliothek Bad Oldesloe 2015 die Projektreihe ‚Ernte deine Stadt‘, mit der sie ihr Profil als moderner und innovativer Lernort und als Ideengeberin stärkte. Der Raum Bibliothek wurde als Ort der Begegnung und der Kreativität zum Thema Nachhaltigkeit angeboten und konnte neue Initiativen in der Stadt anstoßen.
Medienkompetenz (auch) auf Rädern – Das (mobile) Bibliothekslabor der Stadtbibliothek Mannheim
Authors: Harling Bettina , Schmid-Ruhe Bernd 
Published: January 2017

Zusammenfassung
Die Stadtbibliothek Mannheim versteht sich vornehmlich als Bildungseinrichtung und hat sich mit ihrem Programm konsequent dem strategischen Zielsystem der Stadt Mannheim verschrieben. Verschiedene mobile Angebote wie Bücherbus und Fahrradbibliothek bringen bereits mobile Angebote in die Stadtteile; nach der Einrichtung eines Bibliothekslabors in der Innenstadt war es daher nur konsequent ein mobiles Bibliothekslabor mittels eines Elektrofahrzeugs zu beschaffen.
Competitive Moves: The Influence of Industry Context and Individual Cognitive Factors
Authors: Zane Lee J. , Kline William 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBusinesses compete in markets with significant uncertainty and choose disparate competitive strategies. Some attack while others appear to wait. While real options logic has been used to explain market entry and exit decisions under uncertainty, few have tied this logic to the characteristics of ventures’ competitive moves. This paper discusses how ventures launch competitive moves, particularly the speed and intensity of action, under contrasting conditions of exogenous uncertainty and first-mover advantage. We argue that the speed and intensity with which entrepreneurs conduct competitive activities are contingent on both their perceptions of the environment and their level of certain cognitive biases. We conducted a two-by-two within-subjects design experiment to test our hypotheses with a sample consisting of service industry professionals.
Influence of preparation method on structural, optical and magnetic properties of nickel ferrite nanoparticles
Authors: Khan Ayaz Arif , Javed M. , Rauf Khan A. , Iqbal Yousaf , Majeed Asif , Hussain Syed Zahid , Durrani S.K. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractNanocrystalline NiFe2O4particles were prepared by conventional sol-gel, citrate-nitrate sol-gel combustion and co-precipitation methods. The synthesized samples were annealed at 1000 °C for two hours and structural, chemical, morphological, optical and magnetic properties of nickel ferrite were investigated. The structural properties were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique which confirmed the formation of single phase NiFe2O4particles derived by the three methods. The chemical properties were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy which confirmed the corresponding vibration modes in the samples. The optical properties were studied by UV-Vis spectroscopy. The morphological study of the as-synthesized samples was carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM images showed the agglomerated nanoparticles of NiFe2O4. The magnetic properties were investigated by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), which showed that the calcined samples exhibited typical magnetic behavior.