bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rhabdomyolysis in a Tertiary PICU: A 10-Year Study
Authors: Gelbart Ben , DeMarco Renata , David Hussey Alexander , Namachivayam Siva P. , McRae Rosemary , Quinlan Catherine , Duke Trevor 
Published: January 2018

Objectives:
Rhabdomyolysis is a disorder of muscle breakdown. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology of rhabdomyolysis in children admitted to a PICU and to assess the relationship between peak creatinine kinase and mortality.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study in children admitted to the PICU with rhabdomyolysis between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2014. Demographic, clinical, and outcome data were recorded. Outcomes were analyzed by level of peak creatinine kinase value (0–10,000, 10,001–50,000, > 50,000IU/L). Long-term renal outcomes were reported for PICU survivors.

Setting:
A single-centre academic tertiary PICU.

Patients:
Children admitted to the PICU with serum creatinine kinase level greater than 1,000 IU/L.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
There were 182 children with rhabdomyolysis. The median peak creatinine kinase value was 3,583 IU/L (1,554–9,608). The primary diagnostic categories included sepsis, trauma, and cardiac arrest. Mortality for peak creatinine kinase values 0–10,000, 10,001–50,000, and > 50,000 IU/L were 24/138 (17%), 6/28 (21%), and 3/16 (19%), respectively (p = 0.87). Children with a peak creatinine kinase greater than 10,000 IU/L had a longer duration of mechanical ventilation and ICU length of stay than children with peak creatinine kinase less than 10,000. Renal replacement therapy was administered in 29/182 (16%). There was longer duration of mechanical ventilation (273 [141–548] vs. 73 [17–206] hr [p < 0.001]) and ICU length of stay (334 [147–618] vs. 100 [37–232] hr (p < 0.001)] in children receiving renal replacement therapy. Continuous veno-venous hemofiltration was the most common modality 23/29 (79%). Only one child required renal replacement therapy postintensive care stay, and adverse long-term renal outcomes were uncommon.

Conclusions:
In children with rhabdomyolysis requiring intensive care, peak creatinine kinase was not associated with mortality but is associated with greater use of intensive care resources. Chronic kidney disease is an uncommon sequelae of rhabdomyolysis in children requiring intensive care.
Short-Term Neurodevelopmental Outcome in Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia: The Impact of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation and Timing of Repair
Authors: Danzer Enrico , Hoffman Casey , D’Agostino Jo Ann , Connelly James T. , Waqar Lindsay N. , Gerdes Marsha , Bernbaum Judy , Rintoul Natalie E. , Herkert Lisa M. , Peranteau William H. , Flake Alan W. , Adzick N. Scott , Hedrick Holly L. 
Published: January 2018

Objectives:
The purpose of this study was to assess the need and timing of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in relation to congenital diaphragmatic hernia repair as modifiers of short-term neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Design:
Retrospective study.

Setting:
A specialized tertiary care center.

Patients:
Between June 2004 and February 2016, a total of 212 congenital diaphragmatic hernia survivors enrolled in our follow-up program. Neurodevelopmental outcome was assessed at a median age of 22 months (range, 5–37) using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, third edition. Fifty patients (24%) required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support. Four patients (8%) were repaired prior to cannulation, 25 (50%) were repaired on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and 21 (42%) were repaired after decannulation.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
Children with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, who required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation scored on average 4.6 points lower on cognitive composite (p = 0.031) and 9.2 points lower on the motor composite (p < 0.001). Language scores were similar between groups. Mean scores for children with congenital diaphragmatic hernia repaired on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation were significantly lower for cognition (p = 0.021) and motor (p = 0.0005) outcome. Language scores were also lower, but did not reach significance. A total of 40% of children repaired on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation scored below average in all composites, whereas only 9% of the non–extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, 4% of the repaired post–extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and 25% of the repaired pre–extracorporeal membrane oxygenation patients scored below average across all domains. Only 20% of congenital diaphragmatic hernia survivors repaired on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support scored within the average range for all composite domains. Duration of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support was not associated with a higher likelihood of adverse cognitive (p = 0.641), language (p = 0.147), or motor (p = 0.720) outcome.

Conclusions:
Need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in congenital diaphragmatic hernia survivors is associated with worse neurocognitive and neuromotor outcome. Need for congenital diaphragmatic hernia repair while on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is associated with deficits in multiple domains. Overall time on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation did not impact neurodevelopmental outcome
Visual cortical entrainment to unheard acoustic speech reflects intelligibility of lip movements and is mediated by dorsal stream regions
Authors: Hauswald A. , Lithari C. , Collignon O. , Leonardelli E. , Weisz N. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSuccessful lip reading requires a mapping from visual to phonological information [1]. Recently, visual and motor cortices have been implicated in tracking lip movements (e.g. [2]). It remains unclear, however, whether visuo-phonological mapping occurs already at the level of the visual cortex, that is, whether this structure tracks the acoustic signal in a functionally relevant manner. In order to elucidate this, we investigated how the cortex tracks (i.e. entrains) absent acoustic speech signals carried by silent lip movements. Crucially, we contrasted the entrainment to unheard forward (intelligible) and backward (unintelligible) acoustic speech. We observed that the visual cortex exhibited stronger entrainment to the unheard forward acoustic speech envelope compared to the unheard backward acoustic speech envelope. Supporting the notion of a visuo-phonological mapping process, this forward-backward difference of occipital entrainment was not present for actually observed lip movements. Importantly, the respective occipital region received more top-down input especially from left premotor, primary motor, somatosensory regions and, to a lesser extent, also from posterior temporal cortex. Strikingly, across participants, the extent of top-down modulation of visual cortex stemming from these regions partially correlates with the strength of entrainment to absent acoustic forward speech envelope but not to present forward lip movements. Our findings demonstrate that a distributed cortical network, including key dorsal stream auditory regions [3–5], influence how the visual cortex shows sensitivity to the intelligibility of speech while tracking silent lip movements.HighlightsVisual cortex tracks better forward than backward unheard acoustic speech envelopeEffects not “trivially” caused by correlation of visual with acoustic signalStronger top-down control of visual cortex during forward display of lip movementsTop-down influence correlates with visual cortical entrainment effectResults seem to reflect visuo-phonological mapping processes
Coupling of Rho family GTPases during mesenchymal-to-epithelial-like transitions
Authors: Toret Christopher P. , Shivakumar Pruthvi C. , Lenne Pierre-françois , Bivic Andre Le 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTMany metazoan developmental processes require cells to transition between migratory mesenchymal- and adherent epithelial-like states. These transitions require Rho GTPase-mediated actin rearrangements downstream of integrin and cadherin pathways. A regulatory toolbox of GEF and GAP proteins precisely coordinates Rho protein activities, yet defining the involvement of specific regulators within a cellular context remains a challenge due to overlapping and coupled activities. Here we demonstrate that Drosophila dorsal closure is a simple, powerful model for Rho GTPase regulation during leading edge to cadherin contact transitions. During these transitions a Rac GEF elmo-dock complex regulates both lamellipodia and Rho1-dependent, actomyosin-mediated tension at initial cadherin contacts. Moreover, the Drosophila Rho GAP arhgap21 ortholog controls Rac and Rho GTPases during the same processes and genetically regulates the elmo-dock complex. This study presents a fresh framework to understand the inter-relationship between GEF and GAP proteins that tether Rac and Rho cycles during developmental processes.
Emergence of V1 connectivity pattern and Hebbian rule in a performance-optimized artificial neural network
Authors: Liao Fangzhou , Hu Xiaolin , Song Sen 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe connectivity pattern and function of the recurrent connections in the primary visual cortex (V1) have been studied for a long time. But the underlying mechanism remains elusive. We hypothesize that the recurrent connectivity is a result of performance optimization in recognizing images. To test this idea, we added recurrent connections within the first convolutional layer in a standard convolutional neural network, mimicking the recurrent connections in the V1, then trained the network for image classification using the back-propagation algorithm. We found that the trained connectivity pattern was similar to those discovered in biological experiments. According to their connectivity, the neurons were categorized into simple and complex neurons. The recurrent synaptic weight between two simple neurons is determined by the inner product of their receptive fields, which is consistent with the Hebbian rule. Functionally, the recurrent connections linearly amplify the feedforward inputs to simple neurons and determine the properties of complex neurons. The agreement between the model results and biological findings suggests that it is possible to use deep learning to further our understanding of the connectome.
Identification, expression analysis and molecular modeling of Iron deficiency specific clone 3 (Ids3) like gene in hexaploid wheat
Authors: Mathpal Priyanka , Kumar Upendra , Kumar Anuj , Kumar Sanjay , Malik Sachin , Kumar Naveen , Dhaliwal H. S. , Kumar Sundip 
Published: January 2018

AbstractGraminaceous plants secrete iron (Fe) chelators called mugineic acid family phytosiderophores (MAs) from their roots for solubilisation and mobilization of unavailable ferric (Fe3+) ions from the soil. The hydroxylated forms of these phytosiderophores have been found more efficient in chelation and subsequent uptake of minerals from soil which are available in very small quantities. The genes responsible for hydroxylation of phytosiderophores have been recognized as iron deficiency-specific clone 2 (Ids2) and iron deficiency-specific clone 3 (Ids3) in barley but their presence is not reported earlier in hexaploid wheat. Hence, the present investigation was done with the aim:(i) to search for the putative Hordeum vulgare Ids3 (HvIds3) ortholog in hexaploid wheat, (ii) physical mapping of HvIds3 ortholog on wheat chromosome using cytogenetic stocks developed in the background of wheat cultivar Chinese Spring and (iii) to analyze the effect of iron starvation on the expression pattern of this ortholog at transcription level. In the present investigation, a putative ortholog of HvIds3 gene was identified in hexaploid wheat using different bioinformatics tools. Further, protein structure of TaIDS3 was modelled using homology modeling and also evaluated modelled structure behavior on nanoseconds using molecular dynamics based approach. Additionally, the ProFunc results also predict the functional similarity between the proteins of HvIds3 and its wheat ortholog (TaIds3). The physical mapping study with the use of cytogenetic stocks confines TaIds3 in the telomeric region of chromosome 7AS which supports the results obtained by bioinformatics analysis. The relative expression analysis of TaIds3 indicated that the detectable expression of TaIds3 induces after 5th day of Fe-starvation and increases gradually up to 15th day and thereafter decreases till 35th day of Fe-starvation. This reflects that Fe deficiency directly regulates the induction of TaIds3 in the roots of hexaploid wheat.
Characterization of strawberry (Fragaria vesca) sequence genome
Authors: Li Ao , Chen Lide , Liu Zhongjie , Cui Mengjie , Shangguan Lingfei , Jia Haifeng , Fang Jinggui 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundIn order to understand strawberry genes’ structure and evolution in this era of genomics, it is important to know the general statistical characteristics of the gene, intron and exon structures of strawberry and the expression of genes on different parts of strawberry genome. In the present study, about 32,422 genes on strawberry chromosomes were evaluated, and a number of bioinformatic softwares were used to analyze the characteristics of genes, exons and introns, expression of genes in different regions on the chromosomes. Also, the positions of strawberry centromeres were predicted.ResultsOur results showed that, there are differences in the various features of different chromosomes and also vary in different parts of the same chromosome. The longer the number of genes, the longer the length of chromosome. The average length of genes is about 2809bp and the length of the individual gene is 0–2000bp with 5.3 exons and 4.3 introns per gene. The average length of the exon was 229bp and the intron was 413bp. Among the evaluated genes, ehe intronless gene accounted for 20.05%. Consistently a same trend with the expression levels of the same parts of the gene on a chromosome in different organizations was observed. Finally, the number of genes was positively correlated with the number of intronless, and there was a negative correlation of the length of the gene. The length of the gene depends primarily on the length of the intron, and the length of the exon has little effect on it. The number of exons was negatively correlated with the length of the exons, and the intron was also true.ConclusionThe results of this investigation could definitely provide a significant foundation for further research on function analysis of gene family in Strawberry.
“She looked like an Alien”
Authors: Mat Saat Suzanie Adina , Hepworth Mark , Jackson Tom 
Published: January 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the Malay children’s information needs from their experience with parental cancer using information behaviour techniques to elicit sensitive information that provided an indication of what children were thinking.

Design/methodology/approach
Data collection adapted the participatory action research method and used participatory-based techniques that included drawings, essays and interviews. Data explication used an interpretative phenomenological analysis approach. Social constructionism, learning theory and cognitive theory were used to analyse the data. In total, 32 participants took part, ten mothers with breast cancer at different stages of their cancer journey, and 32 children between 6 and 18 years old.

Findings
There are shortcomings in the provision of cancer information for Malay children. Unlike verbose and difficult to digest medical definitions and descriptions about cancer and its treatment, the Malay children defined cancer as having components made from their experiences and observations about how cancer affected their parent. The findings explain the relationship between children participants’ reaction to a health situation and the subsequent processes they undergo to resolve their state of information need.

Originality/value
It highlights the importance of determining information needs and the combined methods used to gain and interpret the experience children face with a parental cancer diagnosis. The findings about ethnic-based information problems, needs and provision for dependent children of cancer patients are one of the original contributions of this research. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this research is believed to be the first in-depth qualitative and highly participative study of the implications of cancer for dependent children of Malay cancer patients.
Self-determination and expectancy-value
Authors: Savolainen Reijo 
Published: January 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to elaborate the picture of the motivators for information seeking by comparing two cognitive psychological approaches to motivation: self-determination theory (SDT) and expectancy-value theories (EVTs).

Design/methodology/approach
The study draws on the conceptual analysis of 31 key investigations characterizing the nature of the above theories. Their potential is examined in light of an illustrative example of seeking information about job opportunities.

Findings
SDT approaches motivation by examining the degree to which one can make volitional choices while meeting the needs of autonomy and competence. Information-seeking behaviour is most volitional when it is driven by intrinsic motivation, while such behaviours driven by extrinsic motivation and amotivation are less volitional. Modern EVTs approach the motivators for information seeking by examining the individual’s beliefs related to intrinsic enjoyment, attainment value, utility value and relative cost of information seeking. Both theories provide useful alternatives to traditional concepts such as information need in the study of the motivators for information seeking.

Research limitations/implications
As the study focusses on two cognitive psychological theories, the findings cannot be generalised to all represent all categories relevant to the characterisation of triggers and drivers of information seeking.

Originality/value
Drawing on the comparison of two cognitive psychological theories, the study goes beyond the traditional research approaches of information behaviour research confined to the analysis of information needs.
Value of internships for professional careers in the built environment sector in Singapore
Authors: Lian Jonathan K.M. , Foo Zhi Yu , Ling Florence Yean Yng 
Published: January 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the value of internships for professional careers in the built environment (BE) sector from the perspective of industry practitioners. It examines the perceptions of practitioners about internship and explores the relevance of internships for professional careers in the sector.

Design/methodology/approach
The research methods used were questionnaire survey, in-depth interviews and focus group discussion. The study focussed on careers such as architects, civil engineers, facility managers, project managers and quantity surveyors.

Findings
It was found that quantity surveyors and civil engineers value internship the most and are more likely to hire those who interned with them. Project managers also value internships but to a lesser extent. Facility managers and architects value internship the least and are also least likely to offer positions to their ex-interns. It is not conclusive whether internships are absolutely necessary to increase undergraduates’ employability upon their graduation.

Research limitations/implications
The study is limited to only five professions and focused on the perceptions of professionals and not the interns or academic supervisors.

Practical implications
Recommendations are made to improve internship programmes in the BE sector. These include making internships compulsory for students who intend to pursue civil engineering and quantity surveying careers and extending the duration of internships to six months.

Originality/value
The views of professionals in the BE sector are uncovered. Tertiary institutions can use the findings to improve their internship programmes and their students’ employability upon graduation.
Biomass pyrolysis modeling of systems at laboratory scale with experimental validation
Authors: Cordiner Stefano , Manni Alessandro , Mulone Vincenzo , Rocco Vittorio 
Published: January 2018

Purpose
Thermochemical conversion processes are one of the possible solutions for the flexible production of electric and thermal power from biomass. The pyrolysis degradation process presents, among the others, the interesting features of biofuels and high energy density bio-oil production potential high conversion rate. In this paper, numerical results of a slow batch and continuous fast pyrolyzers, are presented, aiming at validating both a tridimensional computational fluid dynamics-discrete element method (CFD–DEM) and a monodimensional distributed activation energy model (DAEM) represents with data collected in dedicated experiments. The purpose of this paper is then to provide reliable models for industrial scale-up and direct design purposes.

Design/methodology/approach
The slow pyrolysis experimental system, a batch of small-scale constant-pressure bomb for allothermic conversion processes, is presented. A DEM numerical model has been implemented by means of a modified OpenFOAM solver. The fast pyrolysis experimental system and a lab scale screw reactor designed for biomass fast pyrolysis conversion are also presented along with a 1D numerical model to represent its operation. The model which is developed for continuous stationary feeding conditions and based on a four-parallel reaction chemical framework is presented in detail.

Findings
The slow pyrolysis numerical results are compared with experimental data in terms of both gaseous species production and reduction of the bed height showing good predictive capabilities. Fast pyrolysis numerical results have been compared to the experimental data obtained from the fast pyrolysis process of spruce wood pellet. The comparison shows that the chemical reaction modeling based on a Gaussian DAEM is capable of giving results in very good agreement with the bio-oil yield evaluated experimentally.

Originality/value
As general results of the proposed activities, a mixed experimental and numerical approach has demonstrated a very good potential in developing design tools for pyrolysis development.
Managers’ reactions to customer vs coworker sexual harassment
Authors: Madera Juan M. , Guchait Priyanko , Dawson Mary 
Published: January 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine how managers react to sexual harassment as a function of the harasser role that includes a customer as a source of harassment and an organization’s climate for sexual harassment.Design/methodology/approachUsing an experiment with a 2 (harasser role: coworker or customer) × 2 (organizational climate of sexual harassment: tolerates or does not tolerate) between-subjects design, 162 hotel managers were randomly assigned to read one of four conditions.FindingsBoth the harasser role and organization’s climate for sexual harassment influenced the managers’ sexual harassment reactions, specifically whether they label the incident as sexual harassment and attribute responsibility to the organization. The managers’ gender was found to moderate these relationships.Practical implicationsThe results underscore the importance of understanding reactions to sexual harassment because, regardless of who harasses (coworker or customer) and the organizational climate (tolerates or does not tolerate sexual harassment), sexual harassment of any form can be harmful for the well-being of hospitality employees. These results also provide educational implications.Originality/valueThis is the first known experimental study to examine how hospitality managers react to sexual harassment when the harasser role includes a customer versus a coworker. The results illustrate that the same sexually harassing behavior was perceived less negatively – in regard to both the labeling and attribution of organizational responsibility – when it was done by a customer than by a coworker.