bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing online strategies aimed at enhancing campus safety
Authors: Hayes Brittany E. , O’Neal Eryn Nicole , Meeker Katherine A. , Steele Sarah A. , Brady Patrick Q. , Bills Matthew A. 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate technological strategies (i.e. online training and university safety system) used at one southeastern four-year university to enhance campus safety. This paper investigates if an online training influenced rape myth acceptance (RMA) and if participation in the university safety system was associated with perceptions of campus safety.

Design/methodology/approach
Data from college students were collected via a survey that was distributed through the school’s e-mail system. The survey asked respondents about their perceptions of safety, experiences on campus, attitudes, and utilization of campus resources. In total, 1,583 students participated in the survey. Analyses were limited to 889 respondents not missing data.

Findings
RMA did not differ between those who completed the online training and those who did not complete the training. Regarding perceptions of campus safety, respondents who opted to receive emergency notifications were not significantly different from those who did not receive the notifications. Respondents who had the safety application felt safer on campus compared to those who did not have the application. Respondents who participated in the training, received notifications, and had the application felt safer on campus.

Originality/value
This study highlights the potential utility of the safety application as well as the limited effect of the online education program on RMA.
Contesting sexual violence policies in higher education: the case of Rhodes University
Authors: Macleod Catriona Ida , Böhmke Werner , Mavuso Jabulile , Barker Kim , Chiweshe Malvern 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
In April 2016, students at Rhodes University brought the institution to a standstill as they protested the University’s sexual violence policies and procedures, as well as the “rape culture” that pervades social structures. In response, a Sexual Violence Task Team (SVTT) was formed in an open, participatory, and transparent process. Members of the University community were invited to comment on drafts of the SVTT document. The purpose of this paper is to outline the contestations – arising from both the establishment of the task team and the inputs from University members to drafts of the document – that surfaced concerning managing sexual violence on campuses and sexual offences policies.

Design/methodology/approach
These contestations are outlined in the form of a case study of Rhodes University.

Findings
The case study of Rhodes University draws attention to two rifts: fissures between student and management; and the role of universities in prosecuting alleged rapists.

Originality/value
In light of increased concern about sexual violence on campuses, the rifts highlighted require careful attention in considering sexual violence on university campuses. In addition, the process engaged in by the SVTT may provide a road map for participatory processes for other such task teams.
Preventing malfeasance in low corruption environments: twenty public administration responses
Authors: Graycar Adam , Masters Adam B. 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
Corruption undermines good governance. Strategies for preventing malfeasance in low-corruption environments require a different approach to that applied in high-corruption environments. This paper aims to ask if criminological theories and practice contribute to the study and prevention of corruption in public organizations? Do crime prevention techniques help us in preventing corruption?

Design/methodology/approach
Empirical data demonstrate that the overwhelming majority of public officials in rich countries demonstrate high levels of integrity; yet, significant sums are invested in anti-corruption agencies and prevention strategies. This paper reports on recent work with an anti-corruption agency, which forced us to re-think how to deliver an anti-corruption agenda in a low-corruption environment. The authors build on their research of public sector corruption in rich countries to develop a set of 20 situational corruption prevention measures for public administrators.

Findings
The result, with lessons from crime prevention, is a prevention tool to support continued good governance in low-corruption environments. Figure 1 is a template that readers can apply in their own environments. Figure 2 is the authors’ attempt to populate this template based on the research reported here.

Originality/value
The matrix of situational corruption prevention techniques provides two original approaches. First, it recasts the language of crime prevention into a non-confrontational approach to avoid alienating honest public officials. Second, the matrix incorporates common public sector functions to guide the development of context specific corruption prevention techniques.
Report on the debate regarding EU cash payment limitations
Authors: Passas Nikos 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
Response to suggestion that EU-wide cash payment limits would assist in the control of terrorism finance and money laundering.

Design/methodology/approach
Desk review and interviews

Findings
The inception impact assessment (IIA) is ill-conceived, not grounded on firm empirical evidence and harmful to both crime control and the legitimate interests and rights of the EU citizens. The action under discussion is presented as a measure against terrorism finance, serious crime and tax evasion. The problem is that these criminal acts correspond to very different methods, volumes, perpetrators, causes and control challenges. Cash payment limitations (CPLs) are nowhere near a panacea that can address all of them and cannot make any of them go away magically. Even when each of these crime challenges are considered on their own, the empirical linkage of CPLs to effective controls is not there. The evidence from EU countries with CPLs in place shows higher levels of informal economy, corruption, tax evasion and terrorism risks than those without. There is substantial evidence of non-cash, very serious and organized crime, while the amounts needed and used by terrorists in Europe are usually very small in cash transactions, way below the thresholds under consideration. In fact, determined offenders will shift to other methods and become more sophisticated, posing new problems to controllers. Displacement and incentives for better-organized crime may well be the main products of such measures.

Originality/value
It counters the argument that the cash payment limits can help reduce serious crime, while pointing to several adverse consequences on legitimate interests and human rights.
Kleptocracy in Nigeria
Authors: Das Vasudev 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to sonographically explore kleptocracy in Nigeria’s nascent democracy and evaluate how democracy can mitigate kleptocratic behavior amongst Nigerian political elite for a positive social change using sonic therapeutic intervention lens.

Design/methodology/approach
The author inductively generated data through document analysis in this qualitative study.

Findings
The results of the study showed that kleptocracy has been an age-long politico-financial crime in Nigeria. The author proffered sonic therapeutic intervention to simultaneously enhance democratic values and mitigate kleptocracy among the Nigerian leaders.

Research limitations/implications
The limitations of the study stemmed from the fact that it cannot be generalized.

Practical implications
The practical implications of the study stemmed from the fact that any leader can take advantage of the research findings and apply the recommendations to themselves for personal transformation without incurring any costs.

Social implications
The social implication of the study is rooted in the fact that if the Nigerian leadership implement the recommendation(s) of the study, there will be a positive social change in the country inasmuch as financial crime will be mitigated.

Originality/value
The originality of the study stemmed from the fact that this inquiry filled the gap in financial crime literature and there was no such study ever conducted in the discipline.
Pyramids, Ponzis and fraud prevention: lessons from a case study
Authors: Bosley Stacie , Knorr Maggie 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to empirically identify factors that increase consumer vulnerability to pyramid scheme fraud and compares/contrasts dynamics and implications of pyramid and Ponzi fraud.

Design/methodology/approach
Statistical techniques, including multiple regression, are used to analyze participant data (with over half a million individuals) from a now-defunct US-based pyramid scheme, Fortune Hi-Tech Marketing.

Findings
Findings suggest that this pyramid scheme flourished in counties with identifiable affinity groups: religious communities, Hispanic populations and certain age cohorts (e.g. recently retired). Recruitment success varied significantly between geographic regions, with the highest levels of recruitment in the South. While prior research finds a possible positive relationship between education and Ponzi participation, this is not the case in the pyramid scheme studied. Furthermore, while Ponzi schemes might be pro-cyclical, collapsing during contractions when participants seek to extract their money, this pyramid scheme exhibited counter-cyclical behavior.

Practical implications
State and federal regulators, as well as consumer protection advocates, should learn from analysis of past pyramid scheme cases. Such analysis informs allocation of scarce resources and supports the case for targeted, active education. Clarifying differences between Ponzi and pyramid fraud helps to support clear and effective intervention.

Originality/value
This is the first research to analyze national participant-level data from a pyramid scheme to inform future action. While it confirms some past findings, such as the connection to affinity fraud, it adds to collective knowledge on pyramid schemes and the differences between pyramid and Ponzi fraud.
Tax malfeasance of high net-worth individuals in Malaysia: tax audited cases
Authors: Che Rosli Rasyidah , Ming Ling Lai , Embi Roslani 
Published: November 2017

PurposeThis paper aims to analyse the profiles of high net-worth individuals (HNWIs) who were caught for tax malfeasance during a tax audit and to examine factors that influence tax malfeasance among HNWIs in Malaysia.Design/methodology/approachThis paper examined 235 HNWIs who were involved in tax malfeasance after audited by the Inland Revenue Board Malaysia from year 2009 to 2013. A research model was developed to examine the influence of four independent variables which are tax rate, level of income, source of income and taxation performed by tax professionals on tax malfeasance.FindingsMultiple regression was used to test the proposed research model. The findings show that source of income and taxation performed by tax professionals influence tax malfeasance among HNWIs in Malaysia. This study also uncovers no significant relationship between tax rate and level of income with tax malfeasance of HNWIs.Originality/valueThis study could be the first in Malaysia that has used actual audited data in examining tax malfeasance among HNWIs. This study provides important insights not only to the Malaysian tax authorities but also to tax authorities and tax researchers in other parts of the world, given the fact that tax malfeasance of HNWIs is a prevalent and universal problem.
The cost of not wanting to know – the professions, money laundering and organised crime
Authors: Murray Kenneth 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to advocate the development and re-emphasis of “epistemic virtue” in relevant professional ethical codes so that attention is re-focussed on the responsibility of relevant professionals to close windows of opportunity for financial wrongdoing and money laundering that are left open through the widespread practice of “wilful blindness”.

Design/methodology/approach
This study is an exploration of the duty to know or find out in the accountancy profession via discussion and illustration of how failures in this field contributed to the financial crash; a relation of these failures to “seek the truth” to the concept of “epistemic virtue”; and a discussion of how a lack of epistemic virtue is a necessary condition for the successful practice of money laundering.

Findings
This paper considers the case for establishing a new framework for recalibrating the professional ethic model so that the primacy of outward looking attitudes to knowledge is re-established at the heart of professional ethics.

Research limitations/implications
The paper advocates the adoption of specific training on outward looking epistemic values in all financially related professional bodies.

Practical implications
Review of ethical standards in the professions is required to ensure epistemic virtues are given due weight and prominence within them.

Social implications
The accumulation of criminal capital under legitimate guises by serious organised crime requires poses an ongoing threat to the integrity of economic markets. A key step to improving defences against this threat is the elevation of epistemic virtue in the professions.

Originality/value
To raise awareness and prominence of epistemic virtue as a necessary component of professional integrity.
Do white-collar offenders find prison more punitive than property offenders
Authors: May David C. , Payne Brian K. 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to use exchange rate theory to compare how white-collar offenders and property offenders rank the severity of various correctional sanctions.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors use survey data from 160 inmates incarcerated for white-collar and property crimes in a Midwestern state to compare how white-collar inmates differed from property inmates in ranking the goals of prison and the punitiveness of prison as compared to other alternatives.

Findings
White-collar offenders were no different than property offenders in terms of their assessment of the punitiveness of prison compared to the punitiveness of the four sanctions under consideration here. White-collar offenders were significantly more likely than property offenders to believe that the goal of prison is to rehabilitate rather than deter individuals from further crime.

Research limitations/implications
Because the authors defined white-collar offenders by their crime of incarceration, they may have captured offenders who are not truly white-collar offenders. Focusing on offenders who were in prison did not allow them to fully examine whether similarities between white-collar and property offenders can be attributed to adjustment to prison or some other variable.

Practical implications
Alternative sanctions may be useful in punishing white-collar offenders in a less expensive manner than prison. Results suggest white-collar offenders may be more amenable to rehabilitation than property offenders and may not experience prison much differently than other types of offenders.

Originality value
This research is important because it is the first of its kind to compare white-collar offenders’ views about the punitiveness of prison and the goals of incarceration with those of property offenders.
Plant community evenness responds to spatial plant–soil feedback heterogeneity primarily through the diversity of soil conditioning
Authors: Wubs E. R. Jasper , Bezemer T. Martijn 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Plant–soil feedback (PSF) has been identified as a key driver of local plant diversity and evenness in competitive communities. However, while it has been shown that spatial PSF heterogeneity can alter plant performance and competitive interactions, there is no proof of principle that spatial PSF heterogeneity enhances community diversity.

Using a grassland model system, we separated two aspects of spatial heterogeneity: the number of species conditioning the soil and spatial distribution of the PSFs.

Our data show that PSFs promoted a higher plant evenness when the soil was conditioned by multiple species (mixed‐conditioned) than when the soil was conditioned by a single species (mono‐conditioned). On mono‐conditioned soils, heterospecifics typically outperformed the focal species. In addition, there was a trend for increasing community evenness from uniform, via fine‐grained to coarse‐grained mixed‐conditioned soils, but this was not significant.

On mixed‐conditioned soils, performance of all competing species was intermediate to the best and the worst mono‐conditioned soils, leading to higher community evenness.

Our data demonstrate that PSFs play a role in promoting plant evenness. Across mono‐conditioned soils, PSF led to altered competitive hierarchies. However, on soils conditioned by multiple species, competitive ability among species was more similar and this led to higher plant evenness. The spatial distribution of the heterogeneity, on the other hand, did not significantly affect plant evenness. Our data therefore show that community evenness was more strongly related to the number of plant species that conditioned the soil than the spatial distribution of the PSF heterogeneity. Future studies need to investigate the importance of PSFs in the field across plant life stages and multiple generations.

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Effects of Different Pretreatments to Fresh Fruit on Chemical and Thermal Characteristics of Crude Palm Oil
Authors: Tang Minmin , Xia Qiuyu , Holland Brendan J. , Wang Hui , Zhang Yufeng , Li Rui , Cao Hongxing 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis study selected 5 methods, including boiling, hot air drying, high‐pressurized steam, freezing, and microwave radiation to pretreat fresh oil palm fruit before solvent extraction of the oil. Using fresh fruit as a control, the pretreatment methods were compared for the effects on the activity of the 2 main enzymes in the fruit and some physicochemical properties of the crude palm oil. The results indicated, although all the 5 pretreatments could inactivate lipase and peroxidase in the treated flesh significantly (P < 0.05), the high‐pressurized steam was the most effective. There were also differences in the unsaturated fatty acid contents of the 6 oils. The crude oil from frozen fruit contained significantly more vitamin E (37829.33 ppm) than previously reported. Microwave radiation was shown to significantly decrease the free fatty acid content and the peroxide value, while increasing the oxidative stability index. Thermal behaviors of the oils were significantly different to each other with the exception a few parameters (P < 0.05).
Sensory and Flavor Characteristics of Tomato Juice from Garden Gem and Roma Tomatoes with Comparison to Commercial Tomato Juice
Authors: Zhu Yaozhou , Sims Charles A. , Klee Harry J. , Sarnoski Paul J. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe objective of this study was to characterize the flavor of a premium Florida tomato variety that has significant potential for producing a high quality processed juice product. A high‐quality Florida plum tomato variety (Garden Gem), and a typical grocery‐store plum tomato variety (Roma) were thermally processed into tomato juices without any additives. The 2 pilot products and a popular commercially available tomato juice (low sodium with sugar and flavor added) were compared using sensory evaluation and instrumental analysis. Flavor compounds in these products were identified using dynamic headspace purge and trap‐gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (PT‐GC‐MS) by MS library match and retention index and were semi‐quantitated using internal standards. Color, uniformity, overall liking, tomato flavor, sweetness and texture were rated using a hedonic scale. Analysis of variance, correlation and principal component analysis were used to analyze both sensory and flavor data.Among the 3 products, Garden Gem juice was rated significantly (P < 0.05) higher for overall liking, tomato flavor, and sweetness by the 119 consumer panelists in both seasons. Garden Gem juice was found to contain higher levels of 3 sweet/fruity related aroma compounds: 6‐methyl‐5‐hepten‐2‐one, linalool, and β‐ionone. The commercial tomato juice contained a high level of the Maillard reaction‐related notes furfural, dimethyl sulfide, and the least amount of green‐related notes (hexanal, E‐2‐hexenal and Z‐2‐heptenal). The flavor profile of the Roma tomato juice was similar to Garden Gem juice except it contained substantially lower amounts of hexanal and 2‐isobutylthiazole. The compound β‐ionone (fruity note) was not detected in either the commercial or Roma juice.Practical ApplicationThis proof of concept study demonstrates that high flavor quality tomatoes can be used to create better tasting processed tomato products. The study also demonstrates how sensory preference can confer a potential market advantage over existing commercial products. The Garden Gem variety has potential to add desirable flavor attributes to processed tomato products. This research may also provide insights for product developers to which flavor volatiles best reflect sensory observations for different aspects of tomato flavor.
Syncope Prognosis Based on Emergency Department Diagnosis: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Toarta Cristian , Mukarram Muhammad , Arcot Kirtana , Kim Soo‐Min , Gaudet Sarah , Sivilotti Marco L. A. , Rowe Brian H. , Thiruganasambandamoorthy Venkatesh 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectiveRelatively little is known about outcomes after disposition among syncope patients assigned various diagnostic categories during emergency department (ED) evaluation. We sought to measure the outcomes among these groups within 30 days of the initialEDvisit.MethodsWe prospectively enrolled adult syncope patients at sixEDs and excluded patients with presyncope, persistent mental status changes, intoxication, seizure, and major trauma. Patient characteristics,EDmanagement, diagnostic impression (presumed vasovagal, orthostatic, cardiac, or other/unknown) at the end of theEDvisit, and physicians’ confidence in assigning the etiology were collected. Serious outcomes at 30 days included death, arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, structural heart disease, pulmonary embolism, and hemorrhage.ResultsA total of 5,010 patients (mean ± SDage = 53.4 ± 23.0 years; 54.8% females) were enrolled; 3.5% suffered serious outcomes—deaths (0.3%), arrhythmias (1.8%), nonarrhythmic cardiac (0.5%), and noncardiac (0.9%) including pulmonary embolism (0.2%). The cause of syncope was presumed as vasovagal among 53.3% and cardiac in 5.4% of patients. The proportion of patients withEDinvestigations (p < 0.001) and short‐term serious outcomes (p < 0.01) increased in each diagnostic category in the following order: presumed vasovagal, orthostatic hypotension, other/unknown cause, and cardiac. No deaths occurred in patients with presumed vasovagal syncope. A higher proportion of all serious outcomes occurred among patients suspected of cardiac syncope in theED(p < 0.01). Confidence was highest among physicians for a presumed vasovagal syncope diagnosis and lowest when the cause was other/unknown.ConclusionShort‐term serious outcomes strongly correlated with the etiology assigned in theEDvisit. The importance of the physician's clinical judgment should be further studied to determine if it should become incorporated in risk‐stratification tools for prognostication and safe management ofEDsyncope patients.