bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Residues at a Single Site Differentiate Animal Cryptochromes from Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimer Photolyases by Affecting the Proteins' Preferences for Reduced FAD
Authors: Xu Lei , Wen Bin , Wang Yuan , Tian Changqing , Wu Mingcai , Zhu Guoping 
Published: April 2017

AbstractCryptochromes (CRYs) and photolyases belong to the cryptochrome/photolyase family (CPF). Reduced FAD is essential for photolyases to photorepair UV‐induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) or 6–4 photoproducts in DNA. In Drosophila CRY (dCRY, a type I animal CRY), FAD is converted to the anionic radical but not to the reduced state upon illumination, which might induce a conformational change in the protein to relay the light signal downstream. To explore the foundation of these differences, multiple sequence alignment of 650 CPF protein sequences was performed. We identified a site facing FAD (Ala377 in Escherichia coli CPD photolyase and Val415 in dCRY), hereafter referred to as “site 377”, that was distinctly conserved across these sequences: CPD photolyases often had Ala, Ser, or Asn at this site, whereas animal CRYs had Ile, Leu, or Val. The binding affinity for reduced FAD, but not the photorepair activity of E. coli photolyase, was dramatically impaired when replacing Ala377 with any of the three CRY residues. Conversely, in V415S and V415N mutants of dCRY, FAD was photoreduced to its fully reduced state after prolonged illumination, and light‐dependent conformational changes of these mutants were severely inhibited. We speculate that the residues at site 377 play a key role in the different preferences of CPF proteins for reduced FAD, which differentiate animal CRYs from CPD photolyases.
Highly Soluble p‐Terphenyl and Fluorene Derivatives as Efficient Dopants in Plastic Scintillators for Sensitive Nuclear Material Detection
Authors: Yemam Henok A. , Mahl Adam , Tinkham Jonathan S. , Koubek Joshua T. , Greife Uwe , Sellinger Alan 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPlastic scintillators are commonly used as first‐line detectors for special nuclear materials. Current state‐of‐the‐art plastic scintillators based on poly(vinyltoluene) (PVT) matrices containing high loadings (>15.0 wt %) of 2,5‐diphenyloxazole (PPO) offer neutron signal discrimination in gamma radiation background (termed pulse shape discrimination, PSD), however, they suffer from poor mechanical properties. In this work, a series of p‐terphenyl and fluorene derivatives were synthesized and tested as dopants in PVT based plastic scintillators as possible alternatives to PPO to address the mechanical property issue and to study the PSD mechanism. The derivatives were synthesized from low cost starting materials in high yields using simple chemistry. The photophysical and thermal properties were investigated for their influence on radiation sensitivity/detection performance, and mechanical stability. A direct correlation was found between the melting point of the dopants and the subsequent mechanical properties of the PVT based plastic scintillators. For example, select fluorene derivatives used as dopants produced scintillator samples with mechanical properties exceeding those of the commercial PPO‐based scintillators while producing acceptable PSD capabilities. The physical properties of the synthesized dopants were also investigated to examine their effect on the final scintillator samples. Planar derivatives of fluorene were found to be highly soluble in PVT matrices with little to no aggregation induced effects.
Probing Mercaptobenzamides as HIV Inactivators via Nucleocapsid Protein 7
Authors: Saha Mrinmoy , Scerba Michael T. , Shank Nathaniel I. , Hartman Tracy L. , Buchholz Caitlin A. , Buckheit Robert W. , Durell Stewart R. , Appella Daniel H. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractHuman immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) nucleocapsid protein 7 (NCp7), a zinc finger protein, plays critical roles in viral replication and maturation and is an attractive target for drug development. However, the development of drug‐like molecules that inhibit NCp7 has been a significant challenge. In this study, a series of novel 2‐mercaptobenzamide prodrugs were investigated for anti‐HIV activity in the context of NCp7 inactivation. The molecules were synthesized from the corresponding thiosalicylic acids, and they are all crystalline solids and stable at room temperature. Derivatives with a range of amide side chains and aromatic substituents were synthesized and screened for anti‐HIV activity. Wide ranges of antiviral activity were observed, with IC50 values ranging from 1 to 100 μm depending on subtle changes to the substituents on the aromatic ring and side chain. Results from these structure–activity relationships were fit to a probable mode of intracellular activation and interaction with NCp7 to explain variations in antiviral activity. Our strategy to make a series of mercaptobenzamide prodrugs represents a general new direction to make libraries that can be screened for anti‐HIV activity.
Perovskite La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3 Nanofibers Decorated with RuO2 Nanoparticles as an Efficient Bifunctional Cathode for Rechargeable Li–O2 Batteries
Authors: Gong Yudong , Zhang Xiuling , Li Zhipeng , Wang Zhiwei , Sun Chunwen , Chen Liquan 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPerovskite La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3 nanofibers decorated with RuO2 nanoparticles (RuO2@LSCF‐NFs) are prepared by electrospinning combined with a facile synthesis method. The obtained RuO2@LSCF‐NFs are used as a cathode catalyst for lithium–oxygen (Li–O2) batteries. The RuO2@LSCF‐NFs catalyst exhibits enhanced catalytic performance with a decreasing voltage gap of 283 mV lower than the cell with the LSCF‐NFs catalyst. The improved performance is attributed to the superior catalytic activation of RuO2 nanoparticles toward oxygen evolution reaction (OER).
Time‐Lapse Imaging and Cell Tracking of Migrating Cells in Slices and Flattened Telencephalic Vesicles
Authors: Murcia‐Belmonte Verónica , Expósito Giovanna , Herrera Eloísa 
Published: April 2017

AbstractNeuronal migration is a vital process needed for subsequent assembly and function of neural circuitry during embryonic development. The vast majority of neural progenitors are generated far from their final destination and need to migrate considerable distances to reach their specific cortical layer. Innovations in cell culture techniques and fluorescence microscopy now facilitate the direct visualization of cell movements during cortical development. Here, a detailed protocol to record and analyze a particular type of early migrating neurons, the Cajal Retzius Cells, during the development of the telencephalic vesicles in mammals is described. This method applied to other reporter mouse lines or to electroporated mouse embryos can be also used to analyze the migration of different types of moving neurons during cortical development. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Fluorescein Isothiocyanate (FITC)‐Dextran Extravasation as a Measure of Blood‐Brain Barrier Permeability
Authors: Natarajan Reka , Northrop Nicole , Yamamoto Bryan 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe blood‐brain barrier (BBB) is formed in part by vascular endothelial cells that constitute the capillaries and microvessels of the brain. The function of this barrier is to maintain homeostasis within the brain microenvironment and buffer the brain from changes in the periphery. A dysfunction of the BBB would permit circulating molecules and pathogens typically restricted to the periphery to enter the brain and interfere with normal brain function. As increased permeability of the BBB is associated with several neuropathologies, it is important to have a reliable and sensitive method that determines BBB permeability and the degree of BBB disruption. A detailed protocol is presented for assessing the integrity of the BBB by transcardial perfusion of a 10,000 Da FITC‐labeled dextran molecule and its visualization to determine the degree of extravasation from brain microvessels. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Renewable Wood Pulp Paper Reactor with Hierarchical Micro/Nanopores for Continuous‐Flow Nanocatalysis
Authors: Koga Hirotaka , Namba Naoko , Takahashi Tsukasa , Nogi Masaya , Nishina Yuta 
Published: April 2017

AbstractContinuous‐flow nanocatalysis based on metal nanoparticle catalyst‐anchored flow reactors has recently provided an excellent platform for effective chemical manufacturing. However, there has been limited progress in porous structure design and recycling systems for metal nanoparticle‐anchored flow reactors to create more efficient and sustainable catalytic processes. In this study, traditional paper is used for a highly efficient, recyclable, and even renewable flow reactor by tailoring the ultrastructures of wood pulp. The “paper reactor” offers hierarchically interconnected micro‐ and nanoscale pores, which can act as convective‐flow and rapid‐diffusion channels, respectively, for efficient access of reactants to metal nanoparticle catalysts. In continuous‐flow, aqueous, room‐temperature catalytic reduction of 4‐nitrophenol to 4‐aminophenol, a gold nanoparticle (AuNP)‐anchored paper reactor with hierarchical micro/nanopores provided higher reaction efficiency than state‐of‐the‐art AuNP‐anchored flow reactors. Inspired by traditional paper materials, successful recycling and renewal of AuNP‐anchored paper reactors were also demonstrated while high reaction efficiency was maintained.
Gender‐adjusted and age‐adjusted economic inpatient burden of congestive heart failure: cost and disability‐adjusted life‐year analysis
Authors: Salem Khal , ElKhateeb Osama 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimsThe two components of disability‐adjusted life year (DALY), years of life lost (YLL) and years lived with disability (YLD), are underutilized in evaluating heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and in assessing the global burden of disease. We aim to describe both the direct (medical) and the indirect (morbidity and mortality) inpatient cost of congestive heart failure in a high‐income non‐Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Middle Eastern country in relation to YLL and YLD.Methods and resultsWe used the World Health Organization's global burden of disease methodology to calculate DALY, YLL, and YLD in 174 consecutive prospectively enrolled New York Heart Association Classes II–IV patients in a single‐centre heart failure registry using a 0.4 disability weight and a 3% future age discount. We reported the cost of hospitalization, re‐hospitalization, and non‐invasive and invasive procedures per 1000 HFrEF patients in US dollars (USD). Expressing results as per 1000 HFrEF capita revealed a DALY of 1480 ± 1909 vs. 2177 ± 2547 in women and men, respectively. The costs per HFrEF capita in USD were $909.00 ± 676.1 for a single‐day hospital stay, $7999 per single hospitalization, $12 311 ± 13 840 for annual hospitalizations, $20 486 ± 22 068 for all‐cause hospitalizations, and $37 355 ± 49 336 from the time of diagnosis until death or recovery.ConclusionsIn this study, HFrEF imposed a substantial economic and disability burden on one non‐Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Middle Eastern country. However, men represented a higher economic burden than women.
Status and future strategies for Concentrating Solar Power in China
Authors: Wang Jun , Yang Song , Jiang Chuan , Zhang Yaoming , Lund Peter D. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractChina is the world leader in several areas of clean energy, but not in Concentrating Solar Power (CSP). Our analysis provides an interesting viewpoint to China's possible role in helping with the market breakthrough of CSP. We present a short overview of the state‐of‐the‐art of CSP including the status in China. A blueprint for China's CSP development is elaborated based on China's 13th 5‐year program, but also on China's previous success factors in PV and wind power. The results of this study suggest that China could play a more prominent global role in CSP, but this would require stronger efforts in several areas ranging from innovation to policies.
Observations on sandbar behaviour along a man‐made curved coast
Authors: Rutten J. , Ruessink B. G. , Price T. D. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSandbars, submerged ridges of sand parallel to the shoreline, affect surfzone circulation, beach topography and beach width. Under time‐varying wave forcing, sandbars may migrate onshore and offshore, referred to as two‐dimensional (2D) behaviour, and vary in planshape from alongshore uniform ridges to alongshore non‐uniform ridges through the growth and decay of three‐dimensional (3D) patterns, referred to as 3D behaviour. Although 2D and 3D sandbar behaviour is reasonably well understood along straight coasts, this is not the case for curved coasts, where the curvature can invoke spatial variability in wave forcing. Here, we analyse sandbar behaviour along the ∼3000 m man‐made curved coastline of the Sand Engine, Netherlands, and determine the wave conditions governing this behaviour. 2D and 3D behaviour was quantified within a box north and west of the Sand Engine's tip, respectively, using a 2.4‐year dataset of daily low‐tide video images and a sparser bathymetric dataset. The northern and western sides behaved similarly in terms of 2D behaviour, with seasonal onshore and offshore migration, resulting in a stable position on inter‐annual timescales. However, both sandbar geometry and 3D behaviour differed substantially between both sides. The geometric differences (bar shape, bar crest depth and wavelength of 3D patterns) are consistent with computed alongshore differences in breaker height due to refraction. The differences in the timing in growth, decay and morphological coupling of 3D patterns in the sandbar and shoreline are likely related to differences in the local wave angle, imposed by the curved coast. Similar dependency of bar behaviour on local wave height and angle may be expected elsewhere along curved coasts, e.g. shoreline sandwaves, cuspate forelands or embayed beaches. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inclusion of biological knowledge in a Bayesian shrinkage model for joint estimation of SNP effects
Authors: Pereira Miguel , Thompson John R. , Weichenberger Christian X. , Thomas Duncan C. , Minelli Cosetta 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTWith the aim of improving detection of novel single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genetic association studies, we propose a method of including prior biological information in a Bayesian shrinkage model that jointly estimates SNP effects. We assume that the SNP effects follow a normal distribution centered at zero with variance controlled by a shrinkage hyperparameter. We use biological information to define the amount of shrinkage applied on the SNP effects distribution, so that the effects of SNPs with more biological support are less shrunk toward zero, thus being more likely detected. The performance of the method was tested in a simulation study (1,000 datasets, 500 subjects with ∼200 SNPs in 10 linkage disequilibrium (LD) blocks) using a continuous and a binary outcome. It was further tested in an empirical example on body mass index (continuous) and overweight (binary) in a dataset of 1,829 subjects and 2,614 SNPs from 30 blocks. Biological knowledge was retrieved using the bioinformatics tool Dintor, which queried various databases. The joint Bayesian model with inclusion of prior information outperformed the standard analysis: in the simulation study, the mean ranking of the true LD block was 2.8 for the Bayesian model versus 3.6 for the standard analysis of individual SNPs; in the empirical example, the mean ranking of the six true blocks was 8.5 versus 9.3 in the standard analysis. These results suggest that our method is more powerful than the standard analysis. We expect its performance to improve further as more biological information about SNPs becomes available.
On the evaluation of a finned annular tube in convective heat transfer performance in the presence of Ag/oil nanofluid for a constant thermal flux rate boundary condition
Authors: Jafarimoghaddam A. , Aberoumand S. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn the present empirical work, the effectiveness of a finned annular tube in the presence of Ag/oil nanofluid is investigated. An annular tube with axial fins was considered as the test case. Suspended Ag nanoparticles in different volume concentrations of 0.011%, 0.044%, and 0.176% were examined in this work. The setup was designed in a way to be sure that the flow is hydrodynamically fully developed along the tube. This experiment has been done in a laminar flow regime in which Reynolds number was less than 160 for all the studied cases. The finned annular tube was wrapped with a coil that satisfied the condition of a constant thermal flux rate of 204 W on the outer boundary. Based on the acquired data, the convective heat transfer coefficient was obtained for all the nanofluid cases and compared to the base fluid. It was observed that the convective heat transfer coefficient substantially rises by increasing the nanoparticles. Which for the best case (volume concentration of 0.171% and Reynolds number of about 160), this factor was about a 33% enhancement compared to the base fluid.
Prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia during routine physical examination in Guangxi Province, China and related risk factors
Authors: Qin Yuan‐Yuan , Wang Peng , Qin Jin‐Qiu , Wei Ai‐Qiu , Huang Ping , Lai Zhan‐Feng , Lin Fa‐Quan 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundStudies on homocysteine (Hcy) have mainly focused on the correlation between the homocysteine concentration and disease development. Few epidemiological investigations have been performed. This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) during routine physical examination in Guangxi Province, China and the correlation of serum Hcy with gender, age, serum uric acid (UA), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), and blood glucose (GLU) to provide evidence for preventing and treating HHcy.MethodsData of 8043 patients who underwent physical examinations at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, China from 2015 to 2016 were collected. These data included gender, age, and the serum Hcy, UA, GLU, TC, TG, HDL‐C, and LDL‐C concentrations.ResultsThe overall prevalence of HHcy was 50.8% (52.3% in males, 48.1% in females). Age, UA, TC, TG, and LDL‐C were significantly higher and HDL‐C was significantly lower in patients with than without HHcy, regardless of gender (all P<.05). The Hcy level was positively correlated with UA, TC, TG, and LDL‐C but negatively correlated with HDL‐C. Gender, age, UA, TC, and TG were independent risk factors for HHcy.ConclusionThe prevalence of HHcy was very high during routine physical examination in Guangxi Province, China. HHcy was related to gender, age, high concentrations of UA, TC, TG, and LDL‐C; and low concentrations of HDL‐C. Strengthening early intervention of HHcy can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.
Effective catalytic ozonation for oxalic acid degradation with bimetallic Fe‐Cu‐MCM‐41: operation parameters and mechanism
Authors: Chen Weirui , Li Xukai , Liu Meiqi , Li Laisheng 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe formation of carboxylic acid, especially oxalic acid (OA), limits the complete mineralization of organic pollutant in both ozonation and catalytic ozonation. Bimetallic catalyst is well known for its catalytic activity. In this study, bimetallic Fe‐Cu‐MCM‐41 is synthesized to accelerate ozone decomposition to ·OH and enhance OA degradation.RESULTSAfter the employment of Fe‐Cu‐MCM‐41/O3, 95% OA was removed at 60 min, which was much higher than that in Fe‐MCM‐41/O3 (23.4%), Cu‐MCM‐41/O3 (69.7%) and a single ozonation process (16.5%). Using pyridine adsorption–IR, ESR and XPS, a relationship was found between catalytic activity of catalysts, Lewis acid sites and electron transfer effect. OA degradations were found to follow a hydroxyl radical mechanism. The Fe‐Cu‐MCM‐41/O3 process was sensitive to pH value; a higher removal efficiency was achieved under alkaline conditions. Fe‐Cu‐MCM‐41 significantly accelerated ozone decomposition, hydroxyl radicals and hydrogen peroxide generation.CONCLUSIONSCo‐incorporating Fe and Cu successfully increased the number of Lewis acid sites on MCM‐41. Electron transfers between Fe(II/III), Cu(I/II) and O3 were also found. The joint function of Lewis sites and the electron transfer effect enhanced ·OH generation and OA degradation. Fe‐Cu‐MCM‐41 showed bright prospects for use in water treatment processes. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Multi‐view reconstruction of dynamic real‐world objects and their integration in augmented and virtual reality applications
Authors: Ebner Thomas , Feldmann Ingo , Renault Sylvain , Schreer Oliver , Eisert Peter 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe present a flexible system for high‐quality three‐dimensional reconstruction of dynamic real‐world objects based on a modular multi‐camera capture setup. The proposed algorithmic pipeline aims at the acquisition and digitization of natural and realistic representations of real people that can be easily integrated into augmented and virtual reality applications. In this context, we discuss the reduction of mesh complexity as one of the key challenges for visualizing reconstructed three‐dimensional content with augmented and virtual reality glasses and demonstrate different fields of application.
Study of the Interaction of Some Potential Anticancer Gold(III) Complexes with Biologically Important Thiols Using NMR, UV–Vis, and Electrochemistry
Authors: Omer Khalid H. , Seliman Adam A. A. , Al‐Mohsin Hassan A. , Kawde Abdel‐Nasser , Altaf Muhammad , Wazeer Mohammed I. M. , Ahmad Saeed , Musa Musa M. , Isab Anvarhusein A. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTThe interaction of gold(III) complexes [Au(en)Cl2]Cl, [Au(en)2]Cl3, [Au(cis‐DACH)Cl2]Cl, and [Au(cis‐DACH)2]Cl3 (en = ethylenediamine, DACH = cis‐1,2‐diaminocyclohexane) with biologically important thiols, such as glutathione (GSH), dl‐penicillamine (PSH), mercaptoacetic acid (MAA), and N‐(2‐mercaptopropionyl)glycine (MPG), has been studied using 1H, 13C NMR, UV–vis spectroscopy and electrochemistry in aqueous solution. Kinetic data revealed that the reactivity of their substitution reaction followed the order: [Au(en)Cl2]+ > [Au(en)2]3+ > [Au(cis‐DACH)Cl2]+ > [Au(cis‐DACH)2]3+. The thiol reactivity increased with decreasing its size, viz. MAA ≫ MPG > PSH > GSH. Square wave stripping voltammetry displayed peaks for Au(III) and Au(I) at +0.875 V and +1.4 V respectively. The interaction of the complexes with thiols resulted in reduction of gold(III) to gold(I) and thiol ligands (RSH) were oxidized to disulfide (RSSR).