bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mining for Social Media: Usage Patterns of Small Businesses
Authors: Balan Shilpa , Rege Janhavi 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Background: Information can now be rapidly exchanged due to social media. Due to its openness, Twitter has generated massive amounts of data. In this paper, we apply data mining and analytics to extract the usage patterns of social media by small businesses. Objectives: The aim of this paper is to describe with an example how data mining can be applied to social media. This paper further examines the impact of social media on small businesses. The Twitter posts related to small businesses are analyzed in detail. Methods/Approach: The patterns of social media usage by small businesses are observed using IBM Watson Analytics. In this paper, we particularly analyze tweets on Twitter for the hashtag #smallbusiness. Results: It is found that the number of females posting topics related to small business on Twitter is greater than the number of males. It is also found that the number of negative posts in Twitter is relatively low. Conclusions: Small firms are beginning to understand the importance of social media to realize their business goals. For future research, further analysis can be performed on the date and time the tweets were posted.
Corporate social responsibility and stakeholders: Review of the last decade (2006–2015)
Authors: Barić Andrija 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackground: Globalization, strong development of information-communication technologies and the emergence of new burning challenges for the global communities enabled the concept of corporate social responsibility to be perceived as a business model that allows for successful differentiation of companies, as well creating sustainable competitive advantage. Objective: The goal of the paper is to offer a short overview of the role of internal and external stakeholders within the concept of corporate social responsibility and point out the importance of quality relationships between the company and its stakeholders with the aim of improving the standard of living of all community members. Methods/approach: The paper is based on a systematic analysis of previously published relevant international scientific papers in the field of corporate social responsibility, stakeholder theory and information-communication technologies. Results: This paper demonstrates that the concept of corporate social responsibility has gone, in its several decades of existence, from the "unnecessary dependency" phase to the critical business model phase. Conclusions: As there is a natural connection between the concept of corporate social responsibility and the stakeholders, it can be concluded that the quality of the relationship between the company and its stakeholders represents a key factor that affects the success of the company in its notion of differentiating itself from competitors and creating sustainable competitive advantage.
Study of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Cycocel on Fv/Fm and Dry Matter Mobilization to Grain Yield of Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.)
Authors: Seyed Sharifi R. , Khalilzadeh R. , Vatandoost M. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
In order to study of effects of nitrogen fertilizer and cycocel on yield, yield component and dry matter mobilization of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications during 2014. Treatments were included nitrogen rates in four levels (without nitrogen application as control (N0) and application 80 (N1), 160 (N2) and 240 (N3) kg ha-1 urea) and four cycocel levels (without cycocel as control (C0), application of 500 (C1), 1000 (C2), 1500 (C3) ppm). Results showed that cycocel application increased chlorophyll index, photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) and dry matter mobilization from shoots and stem. Application of nitrogen and cycocel reduced dry matter mobilization from shoots and stem, contribution of remobilization from shoots to grain and stem reserve contribution in grain yield. Application of nitrogen and cycocel as N3C3 had 58.5% and 46.26% more dry matter mobilization from shoots and stem in comparison with N3C0. The highest 1000-grain weight by 28.90 and 28.54 g, respectively, belonged to application of cycocel as C2 and C3 and the lowest 1000-grain weight by 26.93 g belonged to the C0. The highest grain yield (1.068 g per plant), number of grains per ear (37.36) and 1000-grain weight (28.77 g) were obtained in application of 240 kg ha-1 urea. It seems that the increase of Fv/Fm ratio due to current photosynthesis in plants that were grown under cycocel and nitrogen treatments decreased mobilization of dry matter and stem reserves to grain yield. Generally, it was concluded that nitrogen and cycocel can be as a proper tool for increasing wheat yield.
Response of Sesame Seedlings to Different Concentrations of Humic Acids or Calcium Nitrate at Germination and Early Growth
Authors: Souguir M. , Hannachi C. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
This study was conducted in order to evaluate the response of sesame seeds (Sesamum indicum L.) to organic or mineral fertilization. The effects of two fertilizers, which were calcium nitrate and humic acids were studied separately at germination and early seedlings growth. Different concentrations of humic acids (HA0: 0, HA1: 500, HA2: 1000 and HA3: 2000 mg L-1) or calcium nitrate (CaN0: 0, CaN1: 50, CaN2: 100 and CaN3: 200 mg L-1) were applied distinctly to the growth media. The experimental design was accomplished in a completely randomized block design with three replications. Germination measurements, seedlings length, fresh seedling weight, total chlorophylls and carotenoids, total soluble proteins and sugars were determined. Results showed that humic acids applied at 1000 mg L-1 or calcium nitrate applied at 100 mg L-1 reduced the mean germination time (3.5 and 3.61 days) and had the highest germination index (GI) and the highest coefficient of velocity (CV). The longest seedling was obtained at the concentrations HA2 and CaN2 (+22%). Total chlorophyll and carotenoids were significantly higher in seedlings receiving the HA2 and CaN2 and these treatments increased total soluble proteins content by 32%. Higher concentrations of humic acids or calcium nitrate HA3 and CaN3 delayed germination and enhanced proline and total soluble sugars, respectively, by 42% and 46%, compared to control. These preliminary results indicated that the use of fertilizers should be optimized and they can be transformed at high level to an abiotic stress menacing plant productivity. On the other hand, suitable concentrations of fertilizers can be used in the future as a remedy to improve growth under abiotic stress.
A multimodal analysis of lexical explanation sequences in webconferencing-supported language teaching
Authors: Wigham Ciara R. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHigher education institutions are increasingly interested in offering more flexible teaching and learning delivery methods that are often independent of place. Where foreign language learning is concerned, telecollaboration is gaining ground. This paper focuses on synchronous webconferencing-supported teaching and examines how different semiotic resources are used during lexical explanation sequences. The context is a telecollaborative exchange between Business students learning French and trainee teachers on a Master’s programme in Teaching French as a Foreign Language. Using multimodal transcriptions of interaction data from two sessions, the sequential analysis provides access to different combinations of semiotic resources. These include using the visual mode to project active listening strategies and the complementary role of the text chat to secure common ground concerning the target item. The analysis sheds light on a ‘thinking break’ strategy employed by the trainees. Descriptive examples demonstrate how verbal explanations were accompanied, firstly, by deictic and iconic gestures and, secondly, by metaphoric gestures used to help forefront different properties of the target item. Finally, changes in gaze and proximity were observed as playing a role in interaction management and in signalling which verbal modality was forefronted. The study illustrates emerging pedagogical and multimodal communication strategies for ‘doing vocabulary teaching’.
Intercultural competence in synchronous communication between native and non-native speakers of Spanish
Authors: Fernández Susana S. , Pozzo María Isabel 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
This paper discusses to what extent synchronous communication via Skype by Argentine university students of History and Danish university students of Spanish contributed to fostering intercultural competence in the two groups of participants. Intercultural gains are considered both as part of the planned tasks to be solved by the participants (intentional learning) and in the spontaneous communication that arose in the course of the Skype conversations (incidental learning). The overall objective of this telecollaboration project has been the promotion of intercultural competence, with particular focus on the learning and teaching of Argentine regional history. Several tools, synchronous and asynchronous, were used for this purpose. The focus of the present paper will be the analysis of instances of intercultural awareness observed in Skype conversations, and of the affordances and obstacles that this modality of communication seems to pose for the native and non-native participants.
Extending talk on a prescribed discussion topic in a learner-native speaker eTandem learning task
Authors: Black Emily 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Opportunities for language learners to access authentic input and engage in consequential interactions with native speakers of their target language abound in this era of computer mediated communication. Synchronous audio/video calling software represents one opportunity to access such input and address the challenges of developing pragmatic and interactional competence (Barron and Black 2015, Constructing small talk in learner-native speaker voice-based telecollaboration: A focus on topic management and backchanneling. System 48. 112–128). The synthesis of telecollaborative technology with the development of pragmatic and interactional competence is an area of burgeoning research (Taguchi 2011, Teaching pragmatics: Trends and issues. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 31. 289–310). The present study represents a contribution to this growing area set in the particular context of an eTandem partnership. Data is drawn from Language LINC, a corpus of telecollaborative eTandem interactions between German-speaking learners of English and English-speaking learners of German. The eTandem meetings that comprise this corpus were centred around tasks to be completed for the students’ respective language classes. The study investigates how learners and native speakers manage a pre-specified discussion topic set for the English portion of an eTandem meeting. As the topic is prescribed, it imposes constraints on the students’ interactions and requires them to continue talk on this topic for an extended amount of time. Student participants delimit their talk by clearly initiating and later closing down the topic. Within these boundaries, questions are used as a resource to confront the interactional problem of extending talk on the prescribed topic.
Grammatical construction of function words between old and modern written Arabic: A corpus-based analysis
Authors: Almujaiwel Sultan 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis paper argues that Arabic function words (FWs) vary in usage between old and modern Arabic, thus prompting an experimental investigation into their changeability. This investigation is carried out by testing classical Arabic (CA) in Arabic heritage language (AHL) texts – those labeled as archistratum – and the modern standard Arabic (MSA) of Arabic newspaper texts (ANT), each group of which contains randomly collected 5 million (M) word texts. The linguistic theory of the grammar of Arabic FWs is explained through the differences between CA and MSA, despite Arabic FW changes and the unlearnability and/or unusability of some FW constructions between in these two eras of Arabic usage. The dispersion/distribution of the construction grammar (CxG) of FWs and the number (n) of word attractions/repulsions between the two distinct eras is explored using the very latest and most sophisticated Arabic corpus processing tools, and Sketch Engine’sSkeEn gramrelsoperators. The analysis of a 5 M word corpus from each era of Arabic serves to prove the non-existence of rigorous Arabic CxG. The approach in this study adopts a technique which, by contrasting AHL with ANT, relies on analyzing the frequency distributions of FWs, the co-occurrences of FWs in a span of 2n-grams collocational patterning, and some cases of FW usage changes in terms of lexical cognition (FW grammatical relationships). The results show that the frequencies of FWs, in addition to the case studies, are not the same, and this implies that FWs and their associations with the main part of speech class in a fusion language like Arabic have grammatically changed in MSA. Their constructional changes are neglected in Arabic grammar.
TBP Assisted Uranyl Extraction in Water-Dodecane Biphasic System: Insights from Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Sahu Pooja , Musharaf Ali Sk. , Shenoy Kalasanka Trivikram 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
In the PUREX (Plutonium Uranium Recovery by Extraction Process) process, the extraction of uranyl ion from dissolver solution to the organic phase is influenced by co extraction of the other species, such as water and nitric acid and it is assumed that the presence of water or acid droplets in the organic phase intensifies the coordination mechanism of TBP. The present study illustrates the uranyl extraction from the aqueous phase to the organic phase using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Here, we consider the biphasic systems to gain insights into the characteristics of the interface and humidity of the organic phase under different acidic and neutral conditions. MD being a force field method, can’t satisfactorily model the bond making and breaking process therefore a priori choice has been made concerning the different status of proton for the acidic phase. Further, the importance of charge species transferability during uranyl-TBP complexation have been investigated considering two different models of uranyl nitrate; united UO2(NO3)2 complex and separate UO2
2+ and NO3
– ions. From the results, it is recommended to use the ionic uranyl model with separate UO2
2+ and NO3
– to study the structural and dynamical properties of extracted uranyl ions in the organic phase. Also, it was noticed that extracted uranyl ions in the organic phase are not completely dehydrated but are surrounded by water molecules. In other words the results show co extraction of other species such as water and acid molecules to the organic phase. Most remarkably, the present study evident that the neutral HNO3 effectively represents the acidity effect for the receiving phase in terms of acid/water extraction and their aggregation to form water droplet, especially when ionic model of uranyl nitrate is considered.
Improving ROCs of Constant False Alarm Coded Anti-collision Radar in Very Noised Cases
Authors: Zaidouni Jamal , Menhaj Atika , Ghoumid Kamal , Mekaoui Slimane , El Moussati Ali , El Hillali Yassin 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The use of Constant False Alarm Coded Anticollision Radar (CFACAR) is very interesting in automotive environment. Due to the orthogonality properties of used codes this system is most robust to multi-user interferences. The actual version of the receiver called in this paper Single Correlation Receiver (SCR), is not able to detect the targets in very low input Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR). To resolve this problem, we present a new receiver called Averaging Correlation Receiver (ACR), that computes the average of the M later correlations. Then, we developed the expression of detection and false alarm probabilities for the new receiver in mono and multi-user scenarios. These probabilities are used to plot the new Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROCs). They are drawn for different values of input SNR and length M of ACR. There is a suitable value of M, according to some equation, that can be taken to have a good detection (ROCs more perfect). Also, we found that for a fixed SNR, we must increase sufficiently the length M but it is possible only for low relative velocity of the target. For a velocity of 5Km/h with M = 1055, we can lessen the value of the SNR until we reach SNR = -45 dB.
Hardware Implementation of MISO on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Platform with the Help of Alamouti Algorithm
Authors: Kilaru Seetaiah 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Many software based OFDM techniques were proposed from last half decade to improve the performance of the system. This paper tried to implement the same with Hardware implementation. We created Hardware based MISO platform with OFDM. We implemented Alamouti algorithm on this test bed. The test bed is implemented with the help of Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The test bed is functionalized with the help of FPGA through Xilinx based system generator for DSP. In this paper we considered the 2×1 MISO implementation with Alamouti algorithm. The simulation results showed that BER and SNR are considerably high for MISO than SISO. The results also proved that proposed OFDM based Alamouti implementation for MISO is excellent in all performance criterions.
Quality of Minimal Sets of Prime Implicants of Boolean Functions
Authors: Prasad V. C. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Two new problems are posed and solved concerning minimal sets of prime implicants of Boolean functions. It is well known that the prime implicant set of a Boolean function should be minimal and have as few literals as possible. But it is not well known that min term repetitions should also be as few as possible to reduce power consumption. Determination of minimal sets of prime implicants is a well known problem. But nothing is known on the least number of (i) prime implicants (ii) literals and (iii) min term repetitions , any minimal set of prime implicants will have. These measures are useful to assess the quality of a minimal set. They are then extended to determine least number of prime implicants / implicates required to design a static hazard free circuit. The new technique tends to give smallest set of prime implicants for various objectives.
A New Grounded Current Controlled Inductor Based on Simplified Current Conveyors
Authors: M’harzi Zineb , Alami Mustapha , Temcamani Farid 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
In this paper, a new active grounded inductor controlled in current is described. This structure is realized using negative second generation current controlled conveyors and a single grounded capacitor, with no external resistance. The proposed circuit offers many advantages, such as: operation at high frequencies, simple circuit, tuning by the bias current, low power dissipation, etc. Comparison between this topology and those presented in literature is done to highlight the benefits of our structure. As an application, a bandpass filter based on the proposed active inductance is constructed to confirm the usability of the circuit and illustrate these performances. The filter center frequency and quality factor can be tuned independently. Simulation results, given under PSPICE software, present good agreement with the theoretical ones.
Upper Class Bias and Class Conflict in America
Authors: Witko Christopher 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCompared to other affluent democracies, class conflict has not been very intense nor as much of an organizing principle in American politics. However, as wages stagnate for the working class and economic inequality grows, class conflict is becoming increasingly salient. Yet, reviewing recent political science studies, I argue that rather than politics becoming a clearer class “war” between the upper and lower classes, the growing class bias in political mobilization and participation, and the resulting overrepresentation of upper class actors, has prevented a clear articulation of lower class interests
Cumulative effect of needle cast on Scots pine saplings
Authors: Jansons Āris , Neimane Una , Polmanis Kaspars , Zaļuma Astra , Gaitnieks Tālis , Baumanis Imants 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Premature needle cast, affecting the needles on one-year old shoots, thus shrinks the size of green crown of Scots pines, and can cause reduction of increment or even death of trees, especially during first years of their growth. Aim of our study was to evaluate the lasting impact of pathological needle cast to young Scots pines and its implications for tree breeding. Assessment of needle cast damages in 5 grade scale and measurements of height were done repeatedly in Scots pine open pollinated progeny trial, consisting of 65 families, located in central part of Latvia. Proportion of saplings with different level of needle cast damage differed significantly between the years of impact: severely damaged were 51%, 30% and 17% of saplings in growing seasons 4, 5 and 6, respectively. Both the needle cast damage grade at current growing season, as well as height of the sapling before the needle cast infection (at the end of the third growing season) had a significant effect on its grade of needle cast damages in the next growing season. Cumulative level of needle cast damages at the age 4 to 6 years had significant negative effect on height of the saplings at the age of 12 years both at individual tree and family mean level, as well as on survival. Selection of best growing families in such trial would also lead to selection of genotypes least affected by the disease.
The Fourfold Water Garden, a Renaissance Invention
Authors: Marín Carmen Toribio 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The different combinations between the “classic” fourfold pattern and water in the garden have produced a high number of varied solutions since the distant past. However, during the Renaissance a new model emerges: a crossaxial garden with four basins arranged symmetrically around its center. The composite analysis of the related examples is addressed in this paper, which attempts to find an explanation for the different models as for the appearance of the contrasting solution at the same time in two different locations: the Villa Lante (Bagnaia, Italy) and the Royal Monastery of San Lorenzo in El Escorial (Madrid, Spain).
Synergistic antifungal effect of fungicide and chitosan-silver nanoparticles on Neoscytalidium dimidiatum
Authors: Ngoc Uyen Thi Phan , Nguyen Dai Hai 
Published: May 2017

AbstractChitosan-silver nanoparticles (Ag@CS) as a novel drug delivery system have been developed for fungicide drug. In this study, the synergistic effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), chitosan (CS), and fungicide zineb (Zi) was investigated as antifungal materials againstNeoscytalidium dimidiatumin dragon fruit. More specifically, Ag@CS were prepared by embedding of AgNPs in CS polymer and then combined with Zi. Transmission electron microscopy was used to confirm the morphology and size of Ag@CS. The diameter of spherical nanoparticles is around 4.11±0.37 nm. Furthermore, the formation of Ag@CS was characterized by Fourier transform infrared and X-ray diffraction analysis. The thermostability properties of these nanoparticles were also determined by thermogravimetric analysis. Especially the antifungal activity of Ag@CS has shown antifungal ability better than each component alone, analyzed by zone of inhibition method againstN. dimidiatum. These results suggest the potential applications of Ag@CS in the development of nanomaterials for antibiotic application.