bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Low‐Cost Method of Ciliary Beat Frequency Measurement Using iPhone and MATLAB
Authors: Chen Jason J. , Lemieux Bryan T. , Wong Brian J. F. 
Published: April 2016

Objectives(1) To determine ciliary beat frequency (CBF) using a consumer‐grade cellphone camera and MATLAB and (2) to evaluate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method.Study DesignProspective animal study.SettingAcademic otolaryngology department research laboratory.MethodsFive ex vivo tracheal samples were extracted from 3 freshly euthanized (<3 hours postmortem) New Zealand white rabbits and incubated for 30 minutes in buffer at 23°C, buffer at 37°C, or 10% formalin at 23°C. Samples were sectioned transversely and observed under a phase‐contrast microscope. Cilia movement was recorded through the eyepiece using an iPhone 6 at 240 frames per second (fps). Through MATLAB programming, the video of the 23°C sample was downsampled to 120, 60, and 30 fps, and Fourier analysis was performed on videos of all frame rates and conditions to determine CBF. CBF of the 23°C sample was also calculated manually frame by frame for verification.ResultsRecorded at 240 fps, the CBF at 23°C was 5.03 ± 0.4 Hz, and the CBF at 37°C was 9.08 ± 0.49 Hz (P <. 001). The sample with 10% formalin did not display any data beyond DC noise. Compared with 240 fps, the means of other frame rates/methods (120, 60, 30 fps; manual counting) at 23°C all showed no statistical difference (P >. 05).ConclusionThere is no significant difference between CBF measured via visual inspection and that analyzed by the developed program. Furthermore, all tested acquisition rates are shown to be effective, providing a fast and inexpensive alternative to current CBF measurement protocols.
Analysis of Outcome Domains in Adult Cochlear Implantation
Authors: Vila Peter M. , Hullar Timothy E. , Buchman Craig A. , Lieu Judith E. C. 
Published: April 2016

ObjectivesTo determine the breadth of outcome domains used in the reporting of adult cochlear implant surgery for the purpose of registry and quality measure development.Data SourcesSystematic review of randomized controlled trials.Review MethodsIn consultation with a medical librarian, search strategies were constructed to identify randomized controlled trials studying adults undergoing cochlear implantation. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, CINAHL, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and the Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects were searched from database inception to July 2015. Studies were evaluated for level of evidence and risk of bias with the Cochrane Collaboration’s Risk of Bias Tool, and outcome domains were extracted from each study.ResultsOf 4473 unique citations found, 8 studies were included in this review. All 8 trials were evidence level 1B. Risk of bias was low in 2 trials and high in the other 6. Reported outcome domains included speech perception in quiet and noise, speech tracking, quality of life, timbre perception, hearing preservation, vestibular function, electrode insertion technique, functional measures, functional imaging, fitting time, and tinnitus.ConclusionsAn analysis of randomized controlled trials studying cochlear implantation in adults yielded a wide spectrum of outcome domains. This is the first study to comprehensively describe the breadth of outcome domains in adult cochlear implantation. Validated instruments from these domains could be considered for potential inclusion as quality measures and registry use.
Randomized Trial of Vitamin C/E Complex for Prevention of Radiation‐Induced Xerostomia in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Chung Man Ki , Kim Do Hun , Ahn Yong Chan , Choi Joon Young , Kim Eun Hye , Son Young‐Ik 
Published: April 2016

ObjectiveThe present study was conducted to determine the preventive efficacy of vitamin C/E complex supplementation for radiotherapy (RT)–induced xerostomia in patients with head and neck cancer.Study DesignProspective, double‐blinded, randomized, placebo‐controlled study.SettingA single tertiary referral institution.Subjects and MethodsThe trial group (n = 25) received antioxidant supplements (100 IU of vitamin E + 500 mg of vitamin C) twice per day during RT, while the control group (n = 20) received an identical placebo. Pre‐RT and 1 and 6 months post‐RT, patient‐reported xerostomia questionnaires, observer‐rated xerostomia score, and salivary scintigraphy were serially obtained to compare xerostomia severity between the 2 groups.ResultsThe trial group showed greater improvements in xerostomia questionnaire and score at 6 months post‐RT when compared with those at 1 month post‐RT (P =. 007 and. 008, respectively). In contrast, the control group showed no changes between 1 and 6 months post‐RT. By salivary scintigraphy, there was no difference in maximal accumulation or ejection fraction between the 2 groups. However, the trial group maintained significantly better oral indices at the prestimulatory (P =. 01) and poststimulatory (P =. 009) stages at 1 month post‐RT, compared with the control group. At the final follow‐up, there was no difference in overall survival and disease‐free survival between the 2 groups.ConclusionsOur data suggest that short‐term supplementation with an antioxidant vitamin E/C complex exerts a protective effect against RT‐induced xerostomia.
Effects of Nasal Septum Deviation and Septoplasty on Cardiac Arrhythmia Risk
Authors: Uluyol Sinan , Kilicaslan Saffet , Gur Mehmet Hafit , Karakaya Nermin Erdas , Buber Ipek , Ural Sedef Gulcin 
Published: April 2016

ObjectiveUpper airway obstruction (UAO) can result in cardiac complications, including arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Nasal septum deviation (NSD) is a common cause of UAO. The aim of this study was to assess the risk of cardiac arrhythmias in patients with NSD. To assess this risk, we measured noninvasive indicators of atrial arrhythmia (P‐wave dispersion [Pd]) and ventricular arrhythmia (corrected QT dispersion [QTcd]) and compared these values between NSD patients and healthy subjects.Study DesignProspective study.SettingsTertiary referral center.Subjects and MethodsThis study included 53 consecutive patients who had underwent septoplasty due to marked NSD. Electrocardiographic records were used to determine Pd and QTcd values preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively. Fifty‐three consecutive age‐ and sex‐matched subjects without any UAO were also examined as a control group.ResultsPreoperative Pd and QTcd values were significantly higher in NSD patients than in the control group (Pd: 57.40 ± 14.21 vs 34.11 ± 7.12 milliseconds, P <. 001; QTcd: 81.77 ± 16.39 vs 50.25 ± 11.51 milliseconds, P <. 001, respectively). In addition, Pd and QTcd values were significantly greater in preoperative NSD patients when compared with the same patients postoperatively (Pd: 57.40 ± 14.21 vs 36.32 ± 8.9 milliseconds, P =. 013; QTcd: 81.77 ± 16.39 vs 55.76 ± 11.4 milliseconds, P =. 012, respectively).ConclusionIn conclusion, NSD patients are at risk for both atrial and ventricular cardiac arrhythmias; however, septoplasty in these patients can relieve UAO and reduce the risk of arrhythmias.
National Prevalence of Mental Disorders among Incoming Canadian Male Offenders
Authors: Beaudette Janelle N. , Stewart Lynn A. 
Published: April 2016

Objective: A current estimate of prevalence rates of mental disorder among Canadian federal offenders is required to facilitate treatment delivery and service planning. Method: The study determined prevalence rates of major mental disorders among newly admitted male offenders entering the federal correctional system in Canada. Data were collected at each regional reception site on consecutive admissions for a 6-month period ( N = 1110). Lifetime and current prevalence rates were estimated using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Axis I Disorders (SCID-I) and the SCID Axis II Disorders (SCID-II). Degree of impairment was estimated using the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale. Results were disaggregated by Aboriginal ancestry. Results: The national prevalence rate for any current mental disorder was 73%. The highest rates were for alcohol and substance use disorders; however, over half of participants met the lifetime criteria for a major mental disorder other than alcohol or substance use disorders or antisocial personality disorder. Thirty-eight percent met the criteria for both a current mental disorder and one of the substance use disorders. Fifty-seven percent of offenders with a current Axis I mental disorder were rated as experiencing minimal to moderate functional impairment based on the GAF, indicating that most participants do not require intensive psychiatric services. Conclusions: These results underscore the challenge posed to Canadian federal corrections in providing the necessary mental health services to assist in the management and rehabilitation of a significant percentage of the offender population with mental health needs.
Tenecteplase versus alteplase in stroke thrombolysis: An individual patient data meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Huang Xuya , MacIsaac Rachael , Thompson John LP , Levin Bruce , Buchsbaum Richard , Haley E Clarke , Levi Christopher , Campbell Bruce , Bladin Christopher , Parsons Mark , Muir Keith W 
Published: April 2016

Background Tenecteplase, a modified plasminogen activator with higher fibrin specificity and longer half-life, may have advantages over alteplase in acute ischemic stroke thrombolysis. Aims We undertook an individual patient data meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials that compared alteplase with tenecteplase in acute stroke. Methods Eligible studies were identified by a MEDLINE search, and individual patient data were acquired. We compared clinical outcomes including modified Rankin Scale at three months, early neurological improvement at 24 h, intracerebral hemorrhage, symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage, and mortality at three months between all dose tiers of tenecteplase and alteplase. Results Three relevant studies (Haley et al., Parsons et al., and ATTEST) included 291 patients and investigated three doses of tenecteplase (0.1, 0.25, 0.4 mg/kg). There were no differences between any dose of tenecteplase and alteplase for either efficacy or safety end points. Tenecteplase 0.25 mg/kg had the greatest odds to achieve early neurological improvement (OR [95%CI] 3.3 [1.5, 7.2], p = 0.093), excellent functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale 0–1) at three months (OR [95%CI] 1.9 [0.8, 4.4], p = 0.28), with reduced odds of intracerebral hemorrhage (OR [95%CI] 0.6 [0.2, 1.8], P = 0.43) compared with alteplase. Only 19 patients were treated with tenecteplase 0.4 mg/kg, which showed increased odds of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage compared with alteplase (OR [95% CI] 6.2 [0.7, 56.3]). Conclusions While no significant differences between tenecteplase and alteplase were found, point estimates suggest potentially greater efficacy of 0.25 and 0.1 mg/kg doses with no difference in symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage, and potentially higher symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage risk with the 0.4 mg/kg dose. Further investigation of 0.25 mg/kg tenecteplase is warranted.
Treatment in patients who are not eligible for intravenous alteplase: MR CLEAN subgroup analysis
Authors: Mulder Maxim JHL , Berkhemer Olvert A , Fransen Puck SS , Beumer Debbie , van den Berg Lucie A , Lingsma Hester F , Roos Yvo BWEM , van Oostenbrugge Robert J , van Zwam Wim H , Majoie Charles BLM , van der Lugt Aad , Dippel Diederik WJ ,   on behalf of the MR CLEAN investigators
Published: April 2016

Background and purpose Patients with acute ischemic stroke due to intracranial large vessel occlusion benefit from intra-arterial therapy. Uncertainty exists about the effect of intra-arterial therapy in patients with contraindications for treatment with intravenous alteplase treatment. Our aim was to describe the clinical characteristics of this subgroup of patients and whether intra-arterial therapy is as safe and effective as it is after intravenous alteplase treatment. Methods All 500 MR CLEAN patients were included and we distinguished between patients who were and were not treated with intravenous alteplase treatment. We estimated the effect of intra-arterial therapy on the shift on the modified Rankin Scale score with ordinal logistic regression analysis and tested for interaction of intravenous alteplase treatment with intra-arterial therapy on outcome. Furthermore, safety parameters and serious adverse events were analyzed. Results Fifty-five patients (11%) were not treated with intravenous alteplase treatment, mostly because of prolonged coagulation time tests or recent surgery. These patients were older and more often had atrial fibrillation or other vascular comorbidity. There was no interaction between intravenous alteplase treatment and intervention effect ( p =  0.927). Intra-arterial therapy effect size in patients without intravenous alteplase treatment was 2.06 [95% CI: 0.69–6.13] and in patients with intravenous alteplase treatment 1.71 [95% CI: 1.22–2.40]. There were no safety issues. Conclusions For patients with acute ischemic anterior circulation stroke caused by intracranial large vessel occlusion, who have contraindications for intravenous alteplase, intra-arterial treatment is not less effective or less safe than in patients who receive the treatment after intravenous alteplase. Clinical trial registration Clinical trial registration-URL: http://www.trialregister.nl . Unique identifier: (NTR)1804. Clinical trial registration-URL: http://www.controlled-trials.com . Unique identifier: ISRCTN10888758.
A culture of open reporting results in improved quality of bladder tumour resections: a closed loop audit
Authors: Ching Daniel , Anastasiadis Eleni , Patel Pareeta , Sahu Mahua , Sandhu Sarb 
Published: April 2016

Objective: Bladder cancer is the commonest cancer of the urinary tract. Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumour (TURBT) is the gold standard for diagnosis and treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. The absence of muscle in a TURBT specimen is associated with a significantly higher risk of residual disease, early recurrence and tumour under staging. Materials and methods: TURBT and bladder biopsy specimens were examined before and after the introduction of an open reporting system as a quality improvement exercise. All specimens from the 4th quarter (between 2010 and 2014) were examined to determine the effect of open reporting on our inadequate resection rates. Results: A total of 244 cases were performed under the care of 5 consultant urologists. Analysis revealed a significant improvement in quality of both T1 and Ta resections (p=0.04*; p=0.02*) after the introduction of open reporting. The total number of TURBT cases increased per year, however the percentage of inadequate resections has significantly decreased (p=0.02*). Conclusion: Individual reporting provided surgeons with direct, personal and timely feedback on their performance. It did not negatively impact on trainee participation, but led to improved training outcomes. We have demonstrated that our simple intervention has improved quality of patient care.
Fall risk in people with MS: A Physiological Profile Assessment study
Authors: Hoang Phu D , Baysan Meryem , Gunn Hilary , Cameron Michelle , Freeman Jenny , Nitz Jennifer , Low Choy Nancy L , Lord Stephen R 
Published: April 2016

Introduction The Physiological Profile Assessment (PPA) is used in research and clinical practice for assessing fall risk. We compared PPA test performance between people with multiple sclerosis (MS) and healthy controls, determined the fall-risk profile for people with MS and developed a reference database for people with MS. Methods For this study, 416 ambulant people with MS (51.5 ± 12.0 years) and 352 controls (52.8 ± 12.2 years) underwent the PPA (tests of contrast sensitivity, proprioception, quadriceps strength, reaction time and sway) with composite fall-risk scores computed from these measures. MS participants were followed prospectively for falls for 3 months. Results The MS participants performed significantly worse than controls in each PPA test. The average composite fall-risk score was also significantly elevated, indicating a “marked” fall risk when compared with controls. In total, 155 MS participants (37.3%) reported 2 + falls in the follow-up period. Frequent fallers performed significantly worse than non-frequent fallers in the contrast sensitivity, reaction time and sway tests and had higher PPA composite scores. Conclusions In line with poor PPA test performances, falls incidence in people with MS was high. This study provides comprehensive reference data for the PPA measures for people with MS that could be used to inform future research and clinical practice.
B-cell–specific conditional expression of Myd88p.L252P leads to the development of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in mice
Authors: Knittel Gero , Liedgens Paul , Korovkina Darya , Seeger Jens M. , Al-Baldawi Yussor , Al-Maarri Mona , Fritz Christian , Vlantis Katerina , Bezhanova Svetlana , Scheel Andreas H. , Wolz Olaf-Oliver , Reimann Maurice , Möller Peter , López Cristina , Schlesner Matthias , Lohneis Philipp , Weber Alexander N. R. , Trümper Lorenz ,   German International Cancer Genome Consortium Molecular Mechanisms in Malignant Lymphoma by Sequencing Project Consortium, Staudt Louis M. , Ortmann Monika , Pasparakis Manolis , Siebert Reiner , Schmitt Clemens A. , Klatt Andreas R. , Wunderlich F. Thomas , Schäfer Stephan C. , Persigehl Thorsten , Montesinos-Rongen Manuel , Odenthal Margarete , Büttner Reinhard , Frenzel Lukas P. , Kashkar Hamid , Reinhardt H. Christian 
Published: April 2016

Key Points
B-cell–specific expression of Myd88p.L252P leads to the development of DLBCL in mice. The Myd88p.L252P mutation cooperates with BCL2 amplifications in ABC-DLBCL lymphomagenesis in vivo.
Characterization of primary cilia during the differentiation of retinal ganglion cells in the zebrafish
Authors: Lepanto Paola , Davison Camila , Casanova Gabriela , Badano Jose L. , Zolessi Flavio R. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

Background
Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) differentiation in vivo is a highly stereotyped process, likely resulting from the interaction of cell type-specific transcription factors and tissue-derived signaling factors. The primary cilium, as a signaling hub in the cell, may have a role during this process but its presence and localization during RGC generation, and its contribution to the process of cell differentiation, have not been previously assessed in vivo.

Methods
In this work we analyzed the distribution of primary cilia in vivo using laser scanning confocal microscopy, as well as their main ultrastructural features by transmission electron microscopy, in the early stages of retinal histogenesis in the zebrafish, around the time of RGC generation and initial differentiation. In addition, we knocked-down ift88 and elipsa, two genes with an essential role in cilia generation and maintenance, a treatment that caused a general reduction in organelle size. The effect on retinal development and RGC differentiation was assessed by confocal microscopy of transgenic or immunolabeled embryos.

Results
Our results show that retinal neuroepithelial cells have an apically-localized primary cilium usually protruding from the apical membrane. We also found a small proportion of sub-apical cilia, before and during the neurogenic period. This organelle was also present in an apical position in neuroblasts during apical process retraction and dendritogenesis, although between these stages cilia appeared highly dynamic regarding both presence and position. Disruption of cilia caused a decrease in the proliferation of retinal progenitors and a reduction of neural retina volume. In addition, retinal histogenesis was globally delayed albeit RGC layer formation was preferentially reduced with respect to the amacrine and photoreceptor cell layers.

Conclusions
These results indicate that primary cilia exhibit a highly dynamic behavior during early retinal differentiation, and that they are required for the proliferation and survival of retinal progenitors, as well as for neuronal generation, particularly of RGCs.
Suzuki’s type fixed point theorems for generalized mappings in partial cone metric spaces over a solid cone
Authors: Xu Wenqing , Zhu Chuanxi , Chen Chunfang 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we obtain some Suzuki-type fixed point theorems for generalized mappings in partial cone metric spaces over a solid cone. Our results unify and generalize various known comparable results in the literature. We also provide illustrative examples in support of our new results.
The direct-current response of electrically conducting fractures excited by a grounded current source
Authors: Weiss Chester J. , Aldridge David F. , Knox Hunter A. , Schramm Kimberly A. , Bartel Lewis C. 
Published: April 2016

Hydraulic fracture stimulation of low permeability reservoir rocks is an established and cross–cutting technology for enhancing hydrocarbon production in sedimentary formations and increasing heat exchange in crystalline geothermal systems. Whereas the primary measure of success is the ability to keep the newly generated fractures sufficiently open, long–term reservoir management requires a knowledge of the spatial extent, morphology, and distribution of the fractures — knowledge primarily informed by microseismic and ground deformation monitoring. To minimize the uncertainty associated with interpreting such data, we investigate through numerical simulation the usefulness of direct-current (DC) resistivity data for characterizing subsurface fractures with elevated electrical conductivity by considering a geophysical experiment consisting of a grounded current source deployed in a steel cased borehole. In doing so, the casing efficiently energizes the fractures with steady current. Finite element simulations of this experiment for a horizontal well intersecting a small set of vertical fractures indicate that the fractures manifest electrically in (at least) two ways: (1) a local perturbation in electric potential proximal to the fracture set, with limited farfield expression and (2) an overall reduction in the electric potential along the borehole casing due to enhanced current flow through the fractures into the surrounding formation. The change in casing potential results in a measurable effect that can be observed far from fractures themselves. Under these conditions, our results suggest that farfield, timelapse measurements of DC potentials can be interpreted by simple, linear inversion for a Coulomb charge distribution along the borehole path, including a local charge perturbation due to the fractures. This approach offers an inexpensive method for detecting and monitoring the time-evolution of electrically conducting fractures while ultimately providing an estimate of their effective conductivity — the latter providing an important measure independent of seismic methods on fracture shape, size, and hydraulic connectivity.