bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on the interaction between anti‐tuberculosis drug ethambutol and bovine serum albumin: multispectroscopic and cyclic voltammetric approaches
Authors: Magdum Prashant A. , Gokavi Naveen M. , Nandibewoor Sharanappa T. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe binding of bovine serum albumin (BSA) to ethambutol (EMB) was investigated using spectroscopic methods, viz., fluorescence, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), ultraviolet (UV)/vis absorption and cyclic voltammetry techniques. Spectroscopic analysis of the emission quenching at different temperatures revealed that the quenching mechanism of serum albumin by EMB is static, which was also confirmed by lifetime measurements. The number of binding sites, n, and binding constant, K, were obtained at various temperatures. The distance, r, between EMB and the protein was evaluated according to the Förster energy transfer theory. Based on displacement experiments using site probes, viz., warfarin, ibuprofen and digitoxin, the site of binding of EMB in BSA was proposed to be Sudlow's site I. The effect of EMB on the conformation of BSA was analyzed by using synchronous fluorescence spectra (SFS) and 3D fluorescence spectra. The results of fluorescence, UV/vis absorption and FTIR spectra showed that the conformation of BSA was changed in the presence of EMB. The thermodynamic parameters including enthalpy change (ΔH0), entropy change (ΔS0) and free energy change (ΔG0) for BSA–EMB were calculated according to the van't Hoff equation and are discussed.
The Metalloprotease Neprilysin Degrades and Inactivates Apelin Peptides
Authors: McKinnie Shaun M. K. , Fischer Conrad , Tran Kelvin M. H. , Wang Wang , Mosquera Fabricio , Oudit Gavin Y. , Vederas John C. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe apelinergic system is a mammalian peptide hormone network with key physiological roles. Apelin isoforms and analogues are believed to be promising therapeutics for cardiovascular disease. Despite extensive studies on apelin‐13 degradation patterns, only one protease, angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), had been implicated in its physiological regulation. Through use of a peptide‐based fluorescent probe, we identified the metalloprotease neprilysin (NEP, a target for Entresto used in treatment of heart failure) as an enzyme that cleaves apelin isoforms. In vitro NEP proteolysis generated fragments that lacked the ability to bind to the apelin receptor, thereby making NEP the first protease to fully inactivate apelin. The involvement of NEP in the apelinergic system contributes to the understanding of its role in cardiovascular physiology.
The Potent Inhibitory Effect of a Naproxen‐Appended Cobalt(III)‐Cyclam Complex on Cancer Stem Cells
Authors: Cressey Paul B. , Eskandari Arvin , Bruno Peter M. , Lu Chunxin , Hemann Michael T. , Suntharalingam Kogularamanan 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe report the potency against cancer stem cells (CSCs) of a new cobalt(III)‐cyclam complex (1) that bears the nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug, naproxen. The complex displays selective potency for breast CSC‐enriched HMLER‐shEcad cells over breast CSC‐depleted HMLER cells. Additionally, it inhibited the formation of three‐dimensional tumour‐like mammospheres, and reduced their viability to a greater extent than clinically used breast cancer drugs (vinorelbine, cisplatin and paclitaxel). The anti‐mammosphere potency of 1 was enhanced under hypoxia‐mimicking conditions. Detailed mechanistic studies revealed that DNA damage and cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) inhibition contribute to the cytotoxic mechanism of 1. To the best of our knowledge, 1 is the first cobalt‐containing compound to show selective potency for CSCs over bulk cancer cells.
Comparison of the ipsi‐lateral versus contra‐lateral retrograde approach of percutaneous coronary interventions in chronic total occlusions
Authors: Mashayekhi Kambis , Behnes Michael , Valuckiene Zivile , Bryniarski Leszek , Akin Ibrahim , Neuser Hans , Neumann Franz‐Josef , Reifart Nicolaus 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundRetrograde recanalization of coronary chronic total occlusions (CTO) via contralateral (CL) collateral connections (CCs) is successful in 60–70% of patients in whom conventional antegrade approach fails or is unpromising. This study describes our experience with retrograde CTO‐PCI via ipsi‐lateral (IL) CCs in patients with unfavorable CL CCs.MethodsBetween January 2013 and September 2015, 392 consecutive CTO procedures were performed by two high volume CTO‐operators and the relevant data were fed into an online registry (ERCTO® EuroCTO‐club). Most patients (222/392; 57%) were approached antegradely, whereas 43% were attempted retrogradely (170/392). After exclusion of all procedures performed via bypass‐grafts (n = 12), PCI via CL CCs, the CL‐group (n = 114/158; 72%), was compared with the IL‐group that was attempted via IL CCs (n = 44/158; 28%).ResultsBoth groups were similar with respect to risk factors and morphologic criteria of CTO‐severity. The initial primary strategy was successful in 78% in the CL‐group and in 68% in the IL‐group. In both patient groups, the initial strategy had to be switched in five patients from CL toward IL (4.4%, n = 5/114) and from IL to CL (11.3% n = 5/44). The rate of major complications was 7% (CL) and 5% (IL), respectively (n.s.). After retrograde failure and cross‐over to an antegrade controlled re‐entry strategy the overall success rates increased to 92% (CL) and 93% (IL).ConclusionsIn experienced hands retrograde CTO‐PCI via IL CCs appears as safe and successful as the CL approach. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Safety and efficacy profile of bioresorbable‐polylactide‐polymer‐biolimus‐A9‐eluting stents versus durable‐polymer‐everolimus‐ and zotarolimus‐eluting stents in patients with acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Jaguszewski Milosz , Dörig Manuela , Frangieh Antonio H. , Ghadri Jelena‐Rima , Cammann Victoria Lucia , Diekmann Johanna , Napp L. Christian , D'Ascenzo Fabrizio , Imori Yoichi , Obeid Slayman , Maier Willibald , Lüscher Thomas F. , Templin Christian 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundComparative data on long‐term safety and efficacy of bioresorbable‐polymer‐BES versus durable‐polymer‐EES/ZES in ACS setting have hitherto been lacking. We sought to assess the safety and efficacy of bioresorbable‐polymer‐biolimus‐A9‐eluting stents (BES) compared with thin‐strut‐durable‐polymer‐everolimus‐ and zotarolimus‐eluting stents (EES/ZES) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) undergoing PCI.Methods and ResultsBetween 2007 and 2012, 1,547 patients were implanted with new‐generation drug‐eluting stents (DES). Out of these, 369 received BES and 1,178 EES/ZES. The primary endpoint was probable/definite stent thrombosis (ST) while the secondary endpoint was a composite of all‐cause death, myocardial infarction (MI), target vessel revascularization (TVR) and definite ST up to 5 years. As stent assignment was not random, we performed a propensity score matching (PSM), with 1:3 ratio, to account for potential confounders. Primary analysis demonstrated no significant differences between both groups for the primary endpoint of ST (BES vs. EES/ZES: 1.6% vs. 1.9%; mean‐event‐time = 1,797 days vs. 1,795 days, respectively; P = 0.75) and composite safety endpoint (BES vs. EES/ZES: 12.5% vs. 12.9%; mean‐event‐time = 1,631 days vs. 1,620 days, respectively; P = 0.88). Results regarding the 5‐year‐ST‐ and safety endpoint remained non‐significant after PSM (P = 0.85, P = 0.56; respectively). After stratification based on cardiovascular risk, no difference regarding ST and composite outcome measure has been documented between both stent groups in high‐risk‐ and low‐risk patients. The type of stent did neither predict ST (HR 1.11, 95%CI 0.45–2.74, P = 0.82) nor composite safety endpoint (HR 0.93, 95%CI 0.67–1.30, P = 0.69).ConclusionsLong‐term safety and efficacy of bioresorbable‐polymer‐BES and durable‐polymer‐EES/ZES appear comparable in patients with ACS. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis of a Molecule with Four Different Adjacent Pnictogens
Authors: Hinz Alexander , Schulz Axel , Villinger Alexander 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe synthesis of a molecule containing four adjacent different pnictogens was attempted by conversion of a Group 15 allyl analogue anion [Mes*NAsPMes*]− (Mes*=2,4,6‐tri‐tert‐butylphenyl) with antimony(III) chloride. A suitable precursor is Mes*N(H)AsPMes* (1) for which several syntheses were investigated. The anions afforded by deprotonation of Mes*N(H)AsPMes* were found to be labile and, therefore, salts could not be isolated. However, the in situ generated anions could be quenched with SbCl3, yielding Mes*N(SbCl2)AsPMes* (4).
Betaine and Carnitine Derivatives as Herbicidal Ionic Liquids
Authors: Pernak Juliusz , Niemczak Michał , Chrzanowski Łukasz , Ławniczak Łukasz , Fochtman Przemysław , Marcinkowska Katarzyna , Praczyk Tadeusz 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis study focused on the synthesis and subsequent characterization of herbicidal ionic liquids based on betaine and carnitine, two derivatives of amino acids, which were used as cations. Four commonly used herbicides (2,4‐D, MCPA, MCPP and Dicamba) were used as anions in simple (single anion) and oligomeric (two anions) salts. The obtained salts were subjected to analyzes regarding physicochemical properties (density, viscosity, refractive index, thermal decomposition profiles and solubility) as well as evaluation of their herbicidal activity under greenhouse and field conditions, toxicity towards rats and biodegradability. The obtained results suggest that the synthesized herbicidal ionic liquids displayed low toxicity (classified as category 4 compounds) and showed similar or improved efficacy against weed compared to reference herbicides. The highest increase was observed during field trials for salts containing 2,4‐D as the anion, which also exhibited the highest biodegradability (>75 %).
Noble‐Metal‐Free Photocatalytic H2 Generation: Active and Inactive ‘Black’ TiO2 Nanotubes and Synergistic Effects
Authors: Liu Ning , Schneider Christopher , Freitag Detlef , Zolnhofer Eva M. , Meyer Karsten , Schmuki Patrik 
Published: July 2016

AbstractOver the past five years a number of different synthesis approaches has been reported to obtain so‐called ‘black’ titania. One of the outstanding features of the material is that certain synthesis processes lead to the formation of an intrinsic co‐catalytic center and thus enable noble‐metal free photocatalytic H2‐generation. In the present work, using TiO2 nanotube layers, we compare three common ‘blackening’ approaches, namely i) the original high‐pressure hydrogenation (HPT‐H2), ii) a classic high temperature reduction in Ar, and iii) an electrochemical (cathodic) reduction. We demonstrate that except for high pressure hydrogenation also cathodic reduction leads to an activation of TiO2 ‐ that is, it exhibits noble‐metal‐free photocatalytic H2 generation. Moreover, we show that a combination of cathodic reduction/high pressure hydrogenation leads to a synergistic effect, that is, a significant enhancement of the combined co‐catalytic activity.
Polytrope Kinetikmessung zur Bewertung von Ionenaustauscherharzen für die Veresterung von Acrylsäure mit n‐Butanol
Authors: Antweiler Nicolai , Wang Zhiqi , Agar David W. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractEs wurde ein Katalysatorscreening stark saurer Ionenaustauscherharze zur Veresterung von Acrylsäure mit n‐Butanol zu Acrylsäurebutylester und Wasser durchgeführt. Die Kinetiken wurden in einem Temperaturbereich von 70 bis 100 °C untersucht und die Selektivitäten bestimmt. Eine Beschreibung über das Langmuir‐Hinshelwood‐Hougen‐Watson‐Modell liefert eine gute Übereinstimmung. Unter Verwendung des ausgewählten Modells erfolgte die Auslegung einer Reaktivrektifikationskolonne. Aufgrund der ähnlichen Fluiddynamik und der zeitökonomischen Generierung vieler Messpunkte wurde die Temperature‐scanning‐Methode (TSM) unter Verwendung eines Rohrreaktors eingesetzt.
Subsets of salivary duct carcinoma defined by morphologic evidence of pleomorphic adenoma, PLAG1 or HMGA2 rearrangements, and common genetic alterations
Authors: Chiosea Simion I. , Thompson Lester D. R. , Weinreb Ilan , Bauman Julie E. , Mahaffey Alyssa M. , Miller Caitlyn , Ferris Robert L. , Gooding William E. 
Published: July 2016

BACKGROUNDThe authors hypothesized that histogenetic classification of salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) could account for de novo tumors and those with morphologic or molecular evidence (pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 [PLAG1], high‐mobility group AT hook 2 [HMGA2] rearrangement, amplification) of pleomorphic adenoma (PA).METHODSSDCs (n = 66) were reviewed for morphologic evidence of PA. PLAG1 and HMGA2 alterations were detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). PLAG1‐positive tumors were tested by FISH for fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) rearrangement. Thirty‐nine tumors were analyzed using a commercial panel for mutations and copy number variations in 50 cancer‐related genes.RESULTSOn the basis of combined morphologic and molecular evidence of PA, 4 subsets of SDC emerged: 1) carcinomas with morphologic evidence of PA but intact PLAG1 and HMGA2 (n = 22); 2) carcinomas with PLAG1 alteration (n = 18) or 3) HMGA2 alteration (n = 12); and 4) de novo carcinomas, without morphologic or molecular evidence of PA (n = 14). The median disease‐free survival was 37 months (95% confidence interval, 28.4‐45.6 months). Disease‐free survival and other clinicopathologic parameters did not differ for the subsets defined above. Combined Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog/phosphatidylinositol‐4,5‐biphosphate 3‐kinase, catalytic subunit α (HRAS/PIK3CA) mutations were observed predominantly in de novo carcinomas (5 of 8 vs 2 of 31 tumors; P = .035). Erb‐B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (ERBB2) copy number gain was not observed in de novo carcinomas (0 of 8 vs 12 of 31 tumors; P = .08). Tumor protein 53 (TP53) mutations were more common in SDC ex pleomorphic adenomas than in de novo carcinomas (17 of 31 vs 1 of 8 tumors; P = .033).CONCLUSIONSThe genetic profile of SDC varies with the absence or presence of pre‐existing PA and its cytogenetic signature. Most de novo SDCs harbor combined HRAS/PIK3CA mutations and no ERBB2 amplification. Cancer 2016;122:3136–44. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Association of functional status and treatment choice among older men with prostate cancer in the Medicare Advantage population
Authors: Jacobs Bruce L. , Lopa Samia H. , Yabes Jonathan G. , Nelson Joel B. , Barnato Amber E. , Degenholtz Howard B. 
Published: July 2016

BACKGROUNDThere are several effective treatments for prostate cancer. To what extent a patient's functional status influences the treatment decision is unknown. This study examined the association between functional status and treatment among older men with prostate cancer.METHODSSurveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results–Medicare Health Outcomes Survey data were used to identify men who were 65 years old or older and were diagnosed with prostate cancer between 1998 and 2009. The primary outcome was treatment choice: conservative management, surgery, or radiation within 1 year of the diagnosis. The exposure was the functional status assessed as 4 measures within 3 domains: 1) physical function (activities of daily living [ADLs] and physical component summary score), 2) cognitive function (survey completer: self vs proxy), and 3) emotional well‐being (mental component summary score). A multivariate, multinomial logistic regression was fitted with adjustments for several patient, tumor, and regional characteristics.RESULTSThis study identified 508 conservative management patients, 195 surgery patients, and 603 radiation patients. Compared with men with no ADL dependency, those with any ADL dependency had lower odds of receiving surgery (odds ratio [OR], 0.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.38‐0.99) or radiation (OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.43‐0.78) versus conservative management. ADL dependency did not differ when surgery and radiation were compared. Patients with a proxy survey response were less likely to receive surgery or radiation versus conservative management.CONCLUSIONSFunctional status is associated with treatment choice for men with prostate cancer. Future research should examine whether this is due to physician recommendations, patient preferences, or a combination. Cancer 2016;122:3199–206. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Origin of the Surfactant‐Dependent Redox Chemistry of Single‐Wall Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Hirano Atsushi , Kameda Tomoshi , Yomogida Yohei , Wada Momoyo , Tanaka Takeshi , Kataura Hiromichi 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe redox chemistry of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) was examined by using optical absorption spectroscopy measurements in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and its analog surfactants, that is, sodium 1‐undecanesulfonate (SUS) and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS). Redox reactions of the SWCNTs were observed in the SDS and SUS solutions, whereas such reactions were suppressed in the SDBS solution. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to investigate the assembly of the surfactants around an SWCNT. SDS and SUS were shown to primarily form single layers on the SWCNT and certain solvent‐exposed areas, whereas SDBS predictably densely coated the SWCNTs. The results suggest that the SDBS layer on the SWCNT surfaces prevents charge‐transfer reactions; in contrast, the sparse layers of SDS and SUS allow the redox chemistry through the charge‐transfer reactions. Interestingly, a positively charged SWCNT as a model for the oxidized SWCNT showed an increase in the number of surfactant molecules around the SWCNT in the SDS and SUS solutions owing to electrostatic interaction, which is related to the chirality‐dependence of the SWCNT colloidal stability.
Emissive Heterobimetallic Copper(I) Dicyanoaurate‐Based Coordination Polymers
Authors: Ovens Jeffrey S. , Leznoff Daniel B. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractFive new CuI/[Au(CN)2]−‐based coordination polymer materials—Cu(py)2[Au(CN)2] (1), Cu(PPh3)(MeCN)[Au(CN)2]⋅MeCN (2 a), Cu(PPh3)(MeCN)[Au(CN)2] (2 b), Cu3(THT)4[Au(CN)2]3 (3 a) and Cu(THT)[Au(CN)2] (3 b)—were prepared and characterized in terms of their structural and photoluminescence properties, and thermal stability (py=pyridine, THT=tetrahydrothiophene). While 1 and 2 a/2 b adopted one‐dimensional zig‐zag chain structures with no Au⋅⋅⋅Au (aurophilic) bonding, 3 a and 3 b exhibited much more complex three‐dimensional frameworks featuring numerous aurophilic interactions; bridging THT units formed either eight‐membered Cu4S4 rings (3 a) or helical (Cu/S)n chains (3 b). When these materials are excited using a broad‐band UV source (365 nm), they each emit light of a distinct colour (except for 2 a): light green for 1, pale blue for 2 b, deep blue for 3 a, and violet for 3 b (λmax=506 nm (1), 464 nm (2 b), 457 nm (3 a) and 404 nm (3 b)). The emission band in 1, 2 b and 3 b was assigned to CuI/ligand/CN−‐based MLCT transitions, while the emission band of 3 a appears to be influenced by the presence of the aurophilic interactions in the structure. Materials 1 and 3 a lose their bound pyridine and THT, respectively, at 110 and 95 °C, respectively, indicating their potential utility as sensory materials.
Impacts of beaver dams on channel hydraulics and substrate characteristics in a mountain stream
Authors: Stout T. L. , Majerova M. , Neilson B. T. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBeaver dams have significant impacts on the hydrology, temperature, biogeochemical processes, and geomorphology of streams and riparian areas. They have also been used as a viable tool in restoring impaired riverine systems. Because of the dynamic nature of beaver dams, these influences vary and are difficult to quantify. To begin understanding the impacts of beaver dams in mountain streams, we developed 1D hydraulic models for a beaver impacted reach that includes eight dams and a non‐impacted reach to compare hydraulic responses (e.g. channel depth, width, and velocity distributions). We also compared observations of substrate size distributions for different geomorphic/habitat units within each reach. Results from the models indicated shifts in channel hydraulics through statistically significant increases in depths and widths as well as a decrease in flow velocities through the beaver impacted reach. These hydraulic adjustments, as a result of beaver dams, are consistent with observed changes in the increased variability and spatial heterogeneity in sediment size distributions. Through the application of three different modelling approaches, we found that a relatively low number of beaver dams would result in significant changes in channel hydraulics. These results provide preliminary information regarding the number of dams per unit stream length required to begin meeting various restoration goals.
Micronized natural talc affects the proteins and pectic cell wall polysaccharides during “Hojiblanca” virgin olive oil extraction
Authors: Sadkaoui Abir , Jiménez Antonio , Pacheco Rafael , Beltrán Gabriel 
Published: July 2016

This work studies how using MNT affects cell wall polysaccharides and proteins of “Hojiblanca” paste during virgin olive oil extraction. Four doses of MNT were assessed: 0, 0.25, 0.5, and 1%. Three pectic fractions were extracted from alcohol insoluble solids (AIS): water‐soluble pectin (WSP), chelate‐soluble pectin (CSP), and non‐soluble pectin (NSP). In general, the content of the three pectic fractions decreased throughout the kneading step. This indicated a significant degradation and solubilization of pectins during processing. The same trend was observed for protein content and total pectin content while AIS yield increased. Addition of MNT at doses lower than 0.5% favored the formation of a chemical bound through electrostatic interactions between proteins and pectic polysaccharides which are held together and adsorbed onto the talc surface giving a decrease in their content. Higher MNT doses (1%) produced the opposite behavior. The lowest dose of MNT (0.25%) reduced the oil losses in the pomace. A certain tendency for the loss of oil in the pomace to decrease as the amount of total pectin and protein decreased was observed, indicating that the oil yield is at least in part, related to the pectin and protein content depending on the dose of MNT added during malaxation step.Practical application: We have demonstrated that the use of talc during the malaxation step greatly lessens the effect of the pectic substrates and proteins, principal emulsifier agents that influence the formation of oil‐in‐water emulsions during oil extraction process and enhance the extraction of the oil from the mesocarp cells by reducing its loose in the pomace. Excess of talk addition presented a reverse effect, though. It is, therefore, of the utmost importance that the information contained in this study is fully taken into account to establish the suitable dose of talc that should be applied when difficult pastes are formed during malaxation step and which at least partially depends on the content of proteins and pectin compounds of the processed olive paste.Proteins and pectic cell wall polysaccharides as affected by talc addition during virgin olive oil extraction.