bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An isoflavone cladrin prevents high-fat diet-induced bone loss and inhibits the expression of adipogenic gene regulators in 3T3-L1 adipocyte
Authors: Gautam Jyoti , Khedgikar Vikram , Choudhary Dharmendra , Kushwaha Priyanka , Dixit Preeti , Singh Divya , Maurya Rakesh , Trivedi Ritu 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Objective
This study evaluates the effect of isoflavone cladrin on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced bone loss and adipogenesis.

Methods
Thirty-two 4-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were divided into four groups: a standard diet group, a HFD group and HFD group with cladrin (5 and 10 mg/kg per day orally) for 12 weeks. The effect of cladrin on bone micro-architecture, bone marrow cell lineages and hyperlipidaemia were assessed. For assessing anti-adipogenic activity of cladrin, 3T3-L1 cells were used.

Key findings
Cladrin attenuated HFD-induced hyperlipidaemia and bone loss by preserving bone micro-architecture and strength. Effect of cladrin was found at the level of bone marrow progenitor cells. Gene expression profile of cladrin-treated mice bone showed upregulation of osteoblast and downregulation of adipogenic transcription factors and increased OPG/RANKL ratio. Cladrin inhibited cellular lipid accumulation through downregulation of transcription factors such as PPAR-γ and C/EBP-α and modulated the expression of major adipokines involved behind obesity stimulation without eliciting cell cytotoxicity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

Conclusion
We conclude that cladrin may improve obesity-induced bone loss and hyperlipidaemia in mice fed HFD and adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells by modifying adipokines and could offer clinical benefits as a supplement to treat obesity-induced disorders.
Melatonin reversed tumor necrosis factor‐alpha‐inhibited osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells by stabilizing SMAD1 protein
Authors: Lian Chengjie , Wu Zizhao , Gao Bo , Peng Yan , Liang Anjing , Xu Caixia , Liu Lei , Qiu Xianjian , Huang Junjun , Zhou Hang , Cai Yifeng , Su Peiqiang , Huang Dongsheng 
Published: June 2016

AbstractTumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNFα) plays a pivotal role in inflammation‐related osteoporosis through the promotion of bone resorption and suppression of bone formation. Numerous drugs have been produced to treat osteoporosis by inhibiting bone resorption, but they offer few benefits to bone formation, which is what is needed by patients with severe bone loss. Melatonin, which can exert both anti‐inflammatory and pro‐osteogenic effects, shows promise in overcoming TNFα‐inhibited osteogenesis and deserves further research. This study demonstrated that melatonin rescued TNFα‐inhibited osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells and that the interactions between SMURF1 and SMAD1 mediated the crosstalk between melatonin signaling and TNFα signaling. Additionally, melatonin treatment was found to downregulate TNFα‐induced SMURF1 expression and then decrease SMURF1‐mediated ubiquitination and degradation of SMAD1 protein, leading to steady bone morphogenetic protein‐SMAD1 signaling activity and restoration of TNFα‐impaired osteogenesis. Thus, melatonin has prospects for treating osteoporosis caused by inflammatory factors due to its multifaceted functions on regulation of bone formation, bone resorption, and inflammation. Further studies will focus on unveiling the specific mechanisms by which melatonin downregulates SMURF1 expression and confirming the clinical therapeutic value of melatonin in the prevention and therapy of bone loss associated with inflammation.
Both de novo synthetized and exogenous fatty acids support the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Authors: Cao Dan , Song Xinhua , Che Li , Li Xiaolei , Pilo Maria G. , Vidili Gianpaolo , Porcu Alberto , Solinas Antonio , Cigliano Antonio , Pes Giovanni M. , Ribback Silvia , Dombrowski Frank , Chen Xin , Li Lei , Calvisi Diego F. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackground & AimsAlthough it is well established that fatty acids (FA) are indispensable for the proliferation and survival of cancer cells in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), inhibition of Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN) cannot completely repress HCC cell growth in culture. Thus, we hypothesized that uptake of exogenous FA by cancer cells might play an important role in the development and progression of HCC. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is the enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of triglycerides into free fatty acids (FFA) and increases the cellular uptake of FA.MethodsWe used immunohistochemistry and quantitative reverse transcription real‐time polymerase chain reaction to evaluate LPL expression in human and mouse HCC samples. Using lipoprotein‐deficient medium as well as siRNAs against LPL and/or FASN, we investigated whether human HCC cells depend on both endogenous and exogenous fatty acids for survival in vitro.ResultsWe found that LPL is upregulated in mouse and human HCC samples. High expression of LPL in human HCC samples is associated with poor prognosis. In HCC cell lines, silencing of FASN or LPL or culturing the cells in lipoprotein‐deficient medium significantly decreased cell proliferation. Importantly, when FASN suppression was coupled to concomitant LPL depletion, the growth restraint of cell lines was further augmented.ConclusionsThe present study strongly suggests that both de novo synthetized and exogenous FA play a major role along hepatocarcinogenesis. Thus, combined suppression of LPL and FASN might be highly beneficial for the treatment of human HCC.
Infant and young child feeding practices and stunting in two highland provinces in Ecuador
Authors: Roche Marion L , Gyorkos Theresa W , Blouin Brittany , Marquis Grace S , Sarsoza Julieta , Kuhnlein Harriet V 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe first two years of life are critical for growth and development. Little is known about infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices in the Ecuadorian highlands and how they contribute to stunting. With the objective of understanding nutritional status and the influencing factors to design an intervention, we assessed the nutritional status of 293 infants and children between 0 and 24 months of age, living in 14 communities in the provinces of Tungurahua and Chimborazo using a cross‐sectional study design. We used the WHO IYCF indicators to assess feeding practices; estimated dietary intake with 24‐h recalls; and identified nutritious local foods by food frequency questionnaires. Multiple regression modelling was performed to identify correlates of nutritional status. Stunting was found in 56.2% of children. Mean protein, vitamin A and vitamin C intakes were above recommendations for all ages. Only infants 6.0 to 8.9 months of age and non‐breastfed children 12–23.9 months of age consumed energy intakes below recommendations. Younger age groups had below recommended intakes for iron and calcium. While mean complementary food densities met recommendations for protein, vitamin A, vitamin C and energy, those for zinc, iron and calcium were lower than recommended. Older age, respiratory infections and being male were predictors of lower HAZ, whereas early initiation of breastfeeding, higher socioeconomic status, consumption of iron‐rich foods and higher dietary protein density were protective. Interventions that promote and support optimal breastfeeding practices and enable increased consumption of nutritious local foods have potential to contribute to reducing stunting in this vulnerable population. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
‘My Name is Joe and I'm an Alcoholic’: Addiction, Self‐knowledge and the Dangers of Rationalism
Authors: Levy Neil 
Published: June 2016

AbstractRationalist accounts of self‐knowledge are motivated in important part by the claim that only by looking to our reasons to discover our beliefs and desires are we active in relation to them and only thereby do we take responsibility for them. These kinds of account seem to predict that self‐knowledge generated using third‐personal methods or analogues of these methods will tend to undermine the capacity to exercise self‐control. In this light, the insistence by treatment programs that addicts acknowledge that they are addicts seems puzzling. I argue that because addicts—and perhaps ordinary akratics, to some extent at least, too—are vulnerable to losing control of their actions via losing control over their beliefs, advising them to look to their reasons for actions is counterproductive and facilitates loss of control. In contrast, an insistence on what I call impersonal self‐knowledge, knowledge of some of one's states and dispositions generated by third‐personal means, may help to reestablish control.
Denial in Addiction
Authors: Pickard Hanna 
Published: June 2016

AbstractI argue that denial plays a central but insufficiently recognized role in addiction. The puzzle inherent in addiction is why drug use persists despite negative consequences. The orthodox conception of addiction resolves this puzzle by appeal to compulsion; but there is increasing evidence that addicts are not compelled to use but retain choice and control over their consumption in many circumstances. Denial offers an alternative explanation: there is no puzzle as to why drug use persists despite negative consequences if these consequences are not straightforwardly known. I describe the nature of the causal knowledge that one's drug use is causing negative consequences; map the conceptual landscape of denial and explain how it can block such knowledge; and explore some of the processes and mechanisms that have been studied by philosophy and the cognitive sciences and which may underpin denial in addiction, including well‐established information‐processing biases, motivational influences on belief formation and self‐deception, and cognitive deficits with respect to insight and self‐awareness. I conclude by suggesting that addiction is as much a disorder of cognition as a disorder of conation.
Addiction, Self‐Signalling and the Deep Self
Authors: Holton Richard 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAddicts may simply deny that they are addicted; or they may use self‐signalling to try to provide evidence that giving up is not worthwhile. I provide an account that shows how easy it is to provide apparent evidence either that the addiction is so bad that it cannot be escaped; or that there is no real addiction, and hence nothing to escape. I suggest that the most effective way of avoiding this is to avoid self‐signalling altogether.
Getting Out of Your Head: Addiction and the Motive of Self‐Escape
Authors: Morgan Daniel , O'Brien Lucy 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis article explores and defends the claim that addictive desires—for alcohol in particular—are partly explained by the motive of self‐escape. We consider how this claim sits with the neurophysiological explanation of the strength of addictive desires in terms of the effect addictive substances have on the dopamine system. We argue that nothing in the neuroscientific framework rules out pluralism about the causes of addictive desire.
Taxonomic and ecological relevance of the chlorophyll a fluorescence signature of tree species in mixed European forests
Authors: Pollastrini Martina , Holland Vera , Brüggemann Wolfgang , Bruelheide Helge , Dănilă Iulian , Jaroszewicz Bogdan , Valladares Fernando , Bussotti Filippo 
Published: June 2016

Summary

The variability of chlorophyll a fluorescence (ChlF) parameters of forest tree species was investigated in 209 stands belonging to six European forests, from Mediterranean to boreal regions.

The modifying role of environmental factors, forest structure and tree diversity (species richness and composition) on ChlF signature was analysed.

At the European level, conifers showed higher potential performance than broadleaf species. Forests in central Europe performed better than those in Mediterranean and boreal regions. At the site level, homogeneous clusters of tree species were identified by means of a principal component analysis (PCA) of ChlF parameters. The discrimination of the clusters of species was influenced by their taxonomic position and ecological characteristics. The species richness influenced the tree ChlF properties in different ways depending on tree species and site. Tree species and site also affected the relationships between ChlF parameters and other plant functional traits (specific leaf area, leaf nitrogen content, light‐saturated photosynthesis, wood density, leaf carbon isotope composition).

The assessment of the photosynthetic properties of tree species, by means of ChlF parameters, in relation to their functional traits, is a relevant issue for studies in forest ecology. The connections of data from field surveys with remotely assessed parameters must be carefully explored.
Genetic variations and miRNA–target interactions contribute to natural phenotypic variations in Populus
Authors: Chen Jinhui , Xie Jianbo , Chen Beibei , Quan Mingyang , Li Ying , Li Bailian , Zhang Deqiang 
Published: June 2016

Summary

Variation in regulatory factors, including microRNAs (miRNAs), contributes to variation in quantitative and complex traits. However, in plants, variants in miRNAs and their target genes that contribute to natural phenotypic variation, and the underlying regulatory networks, remain poorly characterized.

We investigated the associations and interactions of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in miRNAs and their target genes with phenotypes in 435 individuals from a natural population of Populus.

We used RNA‐seq to identify 217 miRNAs differentially expressed in a tension wood system, and identified 1196 candidate target genes; degradome sequencing confirmed 60 of the target sites. In addition, 72 miRNA–target pairs showed significant co‐expression. Gene ontology (GO) term analysis showed that most of the genes in the co‐regulated pairs participate in biological regulation. Genome resequencing found 5383 common SNPs (frequency ≥ 0.05) in 139 miRNAs and 31 037 SNPs in 819 target genes. Single‐SNP association analyses identified 232 significant associations between wood traits (P ≤ 0.05) and SNPs in 102 miRNAs and 1387 associations with 478 target genes. Among these, 102 miRNA–target pairs associated with the same traits. Multi‐SNP associations found 102 epistatic pairs associated with traits. Furthermore, a reconstructed regulatory network contained 12 significantly co‐expressed pairs, including eight miRNAs and nine targets associated with traits. Lastly, both expression and genetic association showed that miR156i, miR156j, miR396a and miR6445b were involved in the formation of tension wood.

This study shows that variants in miRNAs and target genes contribute to natural phenotypic variation and annotated roles and interactions of miRNAs and their target genes by genetic association analysis.
Oral health‐related quality of life in patients on chronic haemodialysis and after kidney transplantation
Authors: Schmalz G , Kollmar O , Vasko R , Müller GA , Haak R , Ziebolz D 
Published: June 2016

ObjectivesThe objective of the study was to evaluate oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) depending on dental and periodontal situation in patients on haemodialysis (HD) and after kidney transplantation (KTx) compared to healthy controls (HC).Subjects and MethodsOHRQoL was assessed using the German short form of Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP G14). Dental health was estimated using the decayed, missing and filled teeth index (DMF‐T). Periodontal health was classified as healthy/mild or moderate/severe periodontitis. Statistical analysis: Mann–Whitney U‐test, Kruskal–Wallis test, chi‐square test and Fisher's test.ResultsEighty‐seven HD patients, 39 KTx patients and 91 HC were included. Significant differences in DMF‐T, D‐T, M‐T and F‐T scores were identified between groups (P < 0.001). The prevalence of moderate/severe periodontitis was significantly higher in the HD and KTx group compared to HC (P = 0.002). Differences in OHIP G14 between groups were neither clinical relevant nor statistically significant (P = 0.199). A significant effect of DMF‐T (P = 0.012), M‐T (P < 0.001) and periodontitis (P = 0.023) on the OHIP G14 scores was identified only in HC.ConclusionsImprovement in dental care of HD and KTx patients is required. OHIP G14 values provide a subjectively considered low importance of oral health in HD and KTx patients, leading to need of motivation and sensitisation of these patients.
Fine mapping the QTL qFS‐chr.23, using a CSIL
Authors: Wang Youwu , Zhang Jingchuan , Kong Guangchao , Lin Hai 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn an earlier advanced‐backcross quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of an interspecific cross of Gossypium hirsutum cv. ‘Xinluzhong 36’(‘XLZH36’) and G. barbadense cv. ‘Xinhai 21’(‘XH21’), a QTL for fibre strength in the chromosome segment introgression line IL23‐09 was analysed. Single marker analysis revealed that the markers on chro.23 were associated with fibre strength. Using composite interval mapping with the F2 population (1296 plants), a QTL for fibre strength was detected on chro. 23. The QTL explained 8.9% and 15.9% of phenotypic variances in the F2 and F2 : 3 generations, respectively. Substitution mapping suggested that the QTL was located at a physical distance of 23.4 kb between the markers BNL1414 and the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) locus D09_43776813 C‐G. We designated this QTL as qFS‐chr.23 (quantitative trait locus for fibre strength on chro.23). This work provides a valuable genetic resource for the breeding of high fibre quality in cotton and will facilitate future efforts for map‐based cloning.
Diacylglycerol kinases activate tobacco NADPH oxidase‐dependent oxidative burst in response to cryptogein
Authors: Cacas Jean‐Luc , Gerbeau‐Pissot Patricia , Fromentin Jérôme , Cantrel Catherine , Thomas Dominique , Jeannette Emmanuelle , Kalachova Tetiana , Mongrand Sébastien , Simon‐Plas Françoise , Ruelland Eric 
Published: June 2016

AbstractCryptogein is a 10 kDa protein secreted by the oomycetePhytophthora cryptogeathat activates defence mechanisms in tobacco plants. Among early signalling events triggered by this microbial‐associated molecular pattern is a transient apoplastic oxidative burst which is dependent on the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activity of the RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOG isoform D (RBOHD). Using radioactive [33P]‐orthophosphate labelling of tobacco Bright Yellow‐2 suspension cells, we here providein vivoevidence for a rapid accumulation of phosphatidic acid (PA) in response to cryptogein because of the coordinated onset of phosphoinositide‐dependent phospholipase C and diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) activities. Both enzyme specific inhibitors and silencing of the phylogenetic cluster III of the tobacco DGK family were found to reduce PA production upon elicitation and to strongly decrease the RBOHD‐mediated oxidative burst. Therefore, it appears that PA originating from DGK controls NADPH‐oxidase activity. Amongst cluster III DGKs, the expression ofDGK5‐likewas up‐regulated in response to cryptogein. BesidesDGK5‐likeis likely to be the main cluster III DGK isoform silenced in one of our mutant lines, making it a strong candidate for the observed response to cryptogein. The relevance of these results is discussed with regard to early signalling lipid‐mediated events in plant immunity.
Questions for a Theory of Humor
Authors: Olin Lauren 
Published: June 2016

AbstractFinding things funny is a pervasive aspect of human mental and social life, but humor has been neglected in the philosophy of mind and cognitive science. Recently, however, there has been a swell of interest in the topic. This essay critically introduces and evaluates contemporary developments in the field, and generates an associated list of questions that a successful theory of humor should be able to answer.
Philosophy in Western Han Dynasty China (206 BCE–9 CE)
Authors: Ing Michael D. K. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to demonstrate that there are ample resources in the English‐speaking academic community to enable philosophers who cannot read Chinese to work with material from the Western Han dynasty in their research or teaching. It discusses three kinds of resources, with the aim of developing a community of philosophers engaged in a sustained conversation about Western Han thought. These resources are (1) histories that describe various aspects of the Han dynasty, (2) translations of key texts, and (3) intellectual histories that examine specific thinkers or texts from the Han. This article also provides a detailed example of one way in which Western Han texts demonstrate the diversity of Chinese philosophy with regard to value conflicts.
Supporting Safety in the Older Adult Driver: A Public Health Nursing Opportunity
Authors: Wiese Lisa Kirk , Wolff Logan 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe effective operation of a motor vehicle encompasses a wide range of cognitive processes that can decline due to age‐related changes in neuroanatomical structures and cognitive functionality. The increasing number of older adult drivers in our rapidly aging population heightens the public safety concern of unsafe driving associated with these changes. Nurses caring for older adults in public health settings are well positioned to make a difference in the management of older patients who may be at risk of endangering themselves or others on the roadways. In this article, information is provided for increasing nurses’ awareness of the cognitive factors inhibiting effective driving, recognizing older adults who may be at risk for unsafe driving, and facilitating a patient/family to seek a driving evaluation.
Comparative effects of wild type Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and its indole acetic acid‐deficient mutants on wheat
Authors: Hassan T. U. , Bano A. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

The present investigation evaluated the role of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and its IAA‐deficient mutant on soil health and plant growth under salinity stress in the presence of tryptophan.

In the first phase, S. maltophilia isolated from roots of the halo‐ phytic herb, Cenchrus ciliaris was used as bio‐inoculant on wheat grown in saline sodic soil. A field experiment was conducted at Soil Salinity Research Institute during 2010–2011. Treatments included seed inoculation with S. maltophilia with or without tryptophan; uninoculated untreated plants were taken as control. An aqueous solution of tryptophan was added to rhizosphere soil at 1 μg l_1 after seed germination.

Inoculation with S. maltophilia significantly increased soil organic matter, enhanced (20–30%) availability of P, K, Ca and NO3‐N and decreased Na content and electrical conductivity of rhizosphere soil. Plant height, fresh weight, proline and phytohormone content of leaves were increased 30–40% over the control. Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) were 40–50% higher than control. Addition of tryptophan further augmented (10–15%) growth parameters, whereas NO3‐N, P, K and Ca content, proline content and SOD and POD increased 20–30%. In a second phase, indoleacetic acid (IAA)‐deficient mutants of S. maltophilia were constructed and evaluated for conversion of tryptophan to IAA at the University of Calgary, Canada, during 2013–2014. About 1800 trans‐conjugants were constructed that were unable to produce IAA in the presence of tryptophan.

The results suggest that tryptophan assisted S. maltophilia in the amelioration of salt stress, and that IAA played positive role in induction of salt tolerance.