bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Guided Delivery of Neural Stem Cells into the Basal Ganglia of Nonhuman Primates Reveals a Pulsatile Mode of Cell Dispersion
Authors: Malloy Kristen E. , Li Jinqi , Choudhury Gourav R. , Torres April , Gupta Shruti , Kantorak Chris , Goble Tim , Fox Peter T. , Clarke Geoffrey D. , Daadi Marcel M. 
Published: October 2016

Summary
Optimal stem cell delivery procedures are critical to the success of the cell therapy approach. Variables such as flow rate, suspension solution, needle diameter, cell density, and tissue mechanics affect tissue penetration, backflow along the needle, and the dispersion and survival of injected cells during delivery. Most cell transplantation centers engaged in human clinical trials use custom-designed cannula needles, syringes, or catheters, sometimes precluding the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided delivery to target tissue. As a result, stem cell therapies may be hampered because more than 80% of grafted cells do not survive the delivery—for example, to the heart, liver/pancreas, and brain—which translates to poor patient outcomes. We developed a minimally invasive interventional MRI (iMRI) approach for intraoperatively imaging neural stem cell (NSC) delivery procedures. We used NSCs prelabeled with a contrast agent and real-time magnetic resonance imaging to guide the injection cannula to the target and to track the delivery of the cells into the putamen of baboons. We provide evidence that cell injection into the brain parenchyma follows a novel pulsatile mode of cellular discharge from the delivery catheter despite a constant infusion flow rate. The rate of cell infusion significantly affects the dispersion and viability of grafted cells. We report on our investigational use of a frameless navigation system for image-guided NSC transplantation using a straight cannula. Through submillimeter accuracy and real-time imaging, iMRI approaches may improve the safety and efficacy of neural cell transplantation therapies.
Li-substituted MgAl2O4 barriers for spin-dependent coherent tunneling
Authors: Scheike Thomas , Sukegawa Hiroaki , Mitani Seiji 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Epitaxial magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) with a Li-substituted spinel MgAl2O4 barrier were prepared by sputtering and plasma oxidation of an Mg/LiAl bilayer. The formed MTJ with Fe(001) electrodes showed a relatively large tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) ratio of 120% (174%) at room temperature (3 K) and two local minima in the tunneling conductance spectra (parallel magnetization), revealing the occurrence of the coherent tunneling effect through the Li-substituted spinel barrier. The results are likely to pave the way for a variety of quaternary spinel oxide barriers in which structural and transport properties of MTJs can be engineered in the coherent tunneling regime.
Effects of Ge substitution on thermoelectric properties of CrSi2
Authors: Nagai Hiroki , Takamatsu Tomohisa , Iijima Yoshihiko , Hayashi Kei , Miyazaki Yuzuru 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Polycrystalline Cr(Si1−

x
Ge
x
)2 samples were prepared using arc melting and spark plasma sintering methods. Single-phase Cr(Si1−

x
Ge
x
)2 samples were obtained for the compositional range of 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.015 and the lattice parameters monotonically increased with x. In the range of single phases, the electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient increased and decreased with increasing x, respectively. The partial substitution of Ge effectively reduced the thermal conductivity to ∼80%, which resulted in the increase in the ZT of Cr(Si1−

x
Ge
x
)2 samples from 0.16 (x = 0) to 0.25 (x = 0.015) at 600 K. From the results of first-principles calculation for transport properties, it can be concluded that the origin of the increase in electrical conductivity and the decrease in Seebeck coefficient of Ge-substituted samples is the decrease in carrier effective mass.
Application of the probabilistic model BET_UNREST during a volcanic unrest simulation exercise in Dominica, Lesser Antilles
Authors: Constantinescu Robert , Robertson Richard , Lindsay Jan M. , Tonini Roberto , Sandri Laura , Rouwet Dmitri , Smith Patrick , Stewart Roderick 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe report on the first “real‐time” application of the BET_UNREST (Bayesian Event Tree for Volcanic Unrest) probabilistic model, during a VUELCO Simulation Exercise carried out on the island of Dominica, Lesser Antilles, in May 2015. Dominica has a concentration of nine potentially active volcanic centers and frequent volcanic earthquake swarms at shallow depths, intense geothermal activity, and recent phreatic explosions (1997) indicate the region is still active. The exercise scenario was developed in secret by a team of scientists from The University of the West Indies (Trinidad and Tobago) and University of Auckland (New Zealand). The simulated unrest activity was provided to the exercise's Scientific Team in three “phases” through exercise injects comprising processed monitoring data. We applied the newly created BET_UNREST model through its software implementation PyBetUnrest, to estimate the probabilities of having (i) unrest of (ii) magmatic, hydrothermal or tectonic origin, which may or may not lead to (iii) an eruption. The probabilities obtained for each simulated phase raised controversy and intense deliberations among the members of the Scientific Team. The results were often considered to be “too high” and were not included in any of the reports presented to ODM (Office for Disaster Management) revealing interesting crisis communication challenges. We concluded that the PyBetUnrest application itself was successful and brought the tool one step closer to a full implementation. However, as with any newly proposed method, it needs more testing, and in order to be able to use it in the future, we make a series of recommendations for future applications.
Near‐field observations of an offshore Mw 6.0 earthquake from an integrated seafloor and subseafloor monitoring network at the Nankai Trough, southwest Japan
Authors: Wallace L. M. , Araki E. , Saffer D. , Wang X. , Roesner A. , Kopf A. , Nakanishi A. , Power W. , Kobayashi R. , Kinoshita C. , Toczko S. , Kimura T. , Machida Y. , Carr S. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAn Mw 6.0 earthquake struck ~50 km offshore the Kii Peninsula of southwest Honshu, Japan on 1 April 2016. This earthquake occurred directly beneath a cabled offshore monitoring network at the Nankai Trough subduction zone and within 25–35 km of two borehole observatories installed as part of the International Ocean Discovery Program's NanTroSEIZE project. The earthquake's location close to the seafloor and subseafloor network offers a unique opportunity to evaluate dense seafloor geodetic and seismological data in the near field of a moderate‐sized offshore earthquake. We use the offshore seismic network to locate the main shock and aftershocks, seafloor pressure sensors, and borehole observatory data to determine the detailed distribution of seafloor and subseafloor deformation, and seafloor pressure observations to model the resulting tsunami. Contractional strain estimated from formation pore pressure records in the borehole observatories (equivalent to 0.37 to 0.15 μstrain) provides a key to narrowing the possible range of fault plane solutions. Together, these data show that the rupture occurred on a landward dipping thrust fault at 9–10 km below the seafloor, most likely on the plate interface. Pore pressure changes recorded in one of the observatories also provide evidence for significant afterslip for at least a few days following the main shock. The earthquake and its aftershocks are located within the coseismic slip region of the 1944 Tonankai earthquake (Mw ~8.0), and immediately downdip of swarms of very low frequency earthquakes in this region, illustrating the complex distribution of megathrust slip behavior at a dominantly locked seismogenic zone.
Spatially continuous mapping of daily global ozone distribution (2004–2014) with the Aura OMI sensor
Authors: Peng Xiaolin , Shen Huanfeng , Zhang Liangpei , Zeng Chao , Yang Gang , He Zongyi 
Published: October 2016

AbstractTotal ozone data from the Aura Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) play an important role in the monitoring of the spatial distribution and temporal change of total ozone. However, since September 2005, and especially after mid‐2006, due to row anomalies in the OMI instrument, one third to one half of the OMI total ozone data has been missing. In this study, we generate a spatially continuous and daily global total ozone product (2004–2014) by quantitatively reconstructing the level 3 (gridded) total ozone data via a new two‐step method, which takes full advantage of the temporal and spatial correlation characteristics. First, a preliminary prediction is made based on an adaptive weighted temporal fitting method. Residual correction based on an anisotropic kriging method is then proposed to further improve the prediction accuracy. To assess the efficacy of the proposed method, a comparison of different gap filling algorithms through a series of simulated experiments was performed. On this basis, we further evaluated the proposed product with Brewer spectrophotometers' total ozone columns. The evaluation results suggest that the proposed method outperforms the other algorithms, and its product is better able to capture total ozone variation than the MERRA‐2 assimilated ozone product. The total ozone product produced in this study can be freely downloaded fromhttp://sendimage.whu.edu.cn/send‐resource‐download/.
A numerical investigation of the convective systems in the vicinity of southern Taiwan associated with Typhoon Fanapi (2010): Formation mechanism of double rainfall peaks
Authors: Huang Ching‐Yuang , Wu I‐Hsin , Feng Lei 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe westbound Typhoon Fanapi (2010) brought 872 mm daily rainfall over the coastal plain in southern Taiwan, which is comparable to the extreme rainfall of 1080 mm over the southern Central Mountain Range (CMR). In this study, the Weather Research and Forecast model was used to investigate the formation mechanism of the two rainfall peaks and the associated dynamics of the convective systems in the vicinity of southern Taiwan. As the vortex that deflects somewhat southward near landfall moves over the CMR, the vortex slows down significantly during westward departure and induces strong near‐coastal convergence at lower levels with the westerly to southwesterly outer flow. The associated intense latent heating of the near‐coastal rainfall greatly contributes to positive potential vorticity (PV) with enhanced vorticity stretching near the convex eyewall when the vortex becomes more asymmetric and longitudinally elongated. The positive PV tendency near the coast is induced not only by vertical differential diabatic heating (DDH) but also by the longitudinal DDH mainly associated with positive vorticity tilting. The longitudinal DDH indeed dominates all other processes in the PV generation inside the eyewall further offshore, which is vital to the maintenance of the eyewall with the strong banded convergence and is special to typical intense cyclones over the open ocean. The formation of the double intense rainfall peaks cannot occur without a precise departing track near the southwest coast in association with the slowdown of the vortex core when the CMR height is significantly reduced or latent heating is deactivated after landfall.
Molecular Recognition Properties of Biphen[4]arene
Authors: Ma Suxiang , Chen Huanqing , Li Jian , Jia Xueshun , Li Chunju 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBiphen[n]arenes (n=3, 4) are a new family of macrocyclic hosts. Here, we describe the molecular recognition behavior of hydroxylated biphen[4]arene (OHBP4) for the first time. A series of cationic guests with different sizes and shapes, including quaternary ammonium salts (1⋅PF6 and 2⋅PF6), pyridinium‐based guests (3⋅2 PF6–6⋅2 PF6), and cobaltocenium hexafluorophosphate (7⋅PF6), were chosen as model guest molecules. OHBP4 exhibits good selectivity towards the 2,7‐dibutyldiazapyrenium bis(hexafluorophosphate) (4⋅2 PF6) axle to form a [2]pseudorotaxane‐type complex. In contrast, hydroxylated biphen[3]arene (OHBP3) cannot bind with this big guest. In addition, OHBP4 strongly interacts with adamantane derivative 2⋅PF6 and cobaltocenium 7⋅PF6, which have tridimensional shape and relatively large size. The association constant of the 7+⊂OHBP4 complex in 1:1 (v/v) [D6]acetone/CD2Cl2 solution is up to 3100±300 m−1.
Not just a FREAK finding, but perhaps an important insight
Authors: Ukaigwe Anene C. , Gilchrist Ian C. 
Published: October 2016

Key Points

Chronic renal failure patients carry enhanced risk for coronary artery disease that may not be captured by simple FFR measurements
Microvascular resistance appears elevated in renal insufficiency and is a potential confounder that could result in a FFR higher than otherwise measured in a patient with normal microvascular system
The potential for microvascular resistance in the final interpretation of FFR values in chronic renal insufficient patients raises interesting questions for further outcomes based research
Fracking the Code to Complete Revascularization
Authors: Hira Ravi S. , Dean Larry S. 
Published: October 2016

Key Points

Provisional use of rotational atherectomy (RA) is indicated for procedural success in heavily calcified lesions.
In the current study, RA use at three high volume percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) centers between 2005 and 2013 was 1.4%. MACE rate was 17.8% at median follow‐up of 22 months. Peripheral vascular disease (PVD), diabetes mellitus (DM), acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and SYNTAX > 23 were found to be independently associated with MACE.
With increasing complexity of disease and SYNTAX score, there is usually an increase in severity of calcification and need for atherectomy. Complete revascularization with residual SYNTAX reduced to < 8 is associated with improved outcomes. Incompleteness of revascularization in patients with SYNTAX > 33 rather than procedural success of the target vessel with atherectomy may have contributed to the adverse outcomes.
ACS Treatment Continues to Improve: But Price Matters
Authors: Heuser Richard R. 
Published: October 2016

Key Points

Over 90% of patients achieve adequate levels of platelet inhibition with both Prasugrel and Ticagrelor.
The introduction of Prasugrel was met with some hesitation from physicians because of the significant increase in cost.
This pharmaceutically sponsored and authored retrospective study suggests that both agents are effective.
Hydrogenation Properties of Nanostructured Tungsten Carbide Catalysts in a Continuous‐Flow Reactor
Authors: Braun Max , Esposito Davide 
Published: October 2016

AbstractTungsten monocarbide (WC) obtained through a urea glass route showed a high activity and chemoselectivity for the continuous‐flow reduction of a variety of nitro compounds under milder conditions than those reported previously. The favorable effect of the nanostructure was shown by comparison with other commercially available WC materials. Moreover, WC functioned as an efficient support for Ni nanoparticles. This expanded its range of applicability and led to a bimetallic Ni@WC composite characterized by a high activity for the hydrogenation of cardanol, a phenolic lipid obtained from cashew nut shells.
Hydrothermal Conversion of Alginate into Uronic Acids over a Sulfonated Glucose‐Derived Carbon Catalyst
Authors: Ban Chunghyeon , Jeon Wonjin , Park Geonu , Woo Hee Chul , Kim Do Heui 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAlginate, the major constituent of algal biomass, was hydrolyzed into uronic acids over sulfonated glucose‐derived carbon catalysts using water as a green solvent under mild temperature conditions (100, 120, and 140 °C). The catalytic activity was compared with that of sulfuric acid and other commercial solid acid catalysts such as carbon black, activated carbon, Amberlyst‐15, and zeolites. The carbon catalysts were further treated with nitric acid or sulfuric acid to impart acid properties. The sulfonic group is an active site in the catalysis of the hydrolysis of alginate, and phenolic hydroxyl and carboxylic groups on the carbon surface showed negligible effects on the hydrolysis reactions in the temperature region. A high local acid density of the sulfonated glucose‐derived carbon catalyst (Glu‐SO3H) facilitates the cleavage of the 1,4‐glycosidic bond as alginate adsorbs onto the carbon catalyst surface by a carbohydrate–π interaction. Mannuronic acid and guluronic acid were further degraded into humins or epimerized into other uronic acids, which led to the decrease in the yield of target monomers. The highest monomer yield of 19.6 % was obtained if alginate was treated hydrothermally over the sulfonated carbon at 140 °C for 1 h. The catalytic activity of Glu‐SO3H for the alginate conversion is higher than that of commercial acid catalysts used in this study.
Complexation Enhancement Drives Water‐to‐Oil Ion Transport: A Simulation Study
Authors: Qiao Baofu , Ferru Geoffroy , Ellis Ross J. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe address the structures and energetics of ion solvation in aqueous and organic solutions to understand liquid–liquid ion transport. Atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with polarizable force field are performed to study the coordination transformations driving lanthanide (LnIII) and nitrate ion transport between aqueous and an alkylamide–oil solution. An enhancement of the coordination behavior in the organic phase is achieved in contrast with the aqueous solution. In particular, the coordination number of Ce3+ increases from 8.9 in the aqueous to 9.9 in the organic solutions (from 8 in the aqueous to 8.8 in the organic systems for Yb3+). Moreover, the local coordination environment changes dramatically. Potential of mean force calculations show that the LnIII–ligand coordination interaction strengths follow the order of LnIII–nitrate>LnIII–water>LnIII–DMDBTDMA. They increase 2‐fold in the lipophilic environment in comparison to the aqueous phase, and we attribute this to the shedding of the outer solvation shell. Our findings highlight the importance of outer sphere interactions on the competitive solvation energetics that cause ions to migrate between immiscible phases; an essential ingredient for advancing important applications such as rare earth metal separations. Some open questions in simulating the coordination behavior of heavy metals are also addressed.
Near Threshold Effects on Recombination and Vibrational Relaxation in Efimov Systems
Authors: Shu Di , Simbotin Ionel , Côté Robin 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe investigate the energy dependence of inelastic processes in systems which possess Efimov states. We consider the three‐body recombination rate K3 where three free atoms interact to produce an atom–dimer pair, and the relaxation rate Krel where an atom quenches a weakly bound state of a dimer near an Efimov resonance to more deeply bound levels. Using a model capturing the key features of the Efimov problem, we identify new energy regimes for K3, namely the near threshold resonance (NTR) regime behavior E−2 for negative scattering lengths and the near threshold suppression (NTS) regime behavior E2 for positive scattering lengths. We also confirm a previously found oscillatory behavior of K3 at higher energy E. Finally, we find that Krel behaves as E−1 in the NTR regime.
Spatial species turnover maintains high diversities in a tree assemblage of a fragmented tropical landscape
Authors: Carneiro Magda Silva , Campos Caroline Cambraia Furtado , Ramos Flavio Nunes , dos Santos Flavio Antonio Maes 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe fragmentation process has many negative effects on communities, particularly for plants. This process can generate two distinct scenarios: homogenization of species composition, due to assemblage nestedness, or flora differentiation, due to spatial species turnover. The aim of this study was to answer the following questions: (1) Is the tree canopy and understory community of a highly fragmented landscape (9% of forest cover) the result of species nestedness or turnover? (2) Is the pattern of additive partitioning of diversity similar between the understory and canopy tree communities? and (3) Are landscape characteristics responsible for diversity partitioning of the tree assemblage? The studied area has low remaining forest coverage (~9%), caused by deforestation that started in the 18th century, and a very heterogeneous matrix around forest patches. Within this landscape context, we hypothesized that the tree assemblage (both canopy and understory strata) in the studied fragments would be homogeneous, as a consequence of a nested subset. The study was carried out in nine fragments of submontane semideciduous Atlantic Forest. All individuals with a height >1 m in 10 (200 m2) plots in each studied fragment were sampled, measured, and divided into two strata (canopy and understory individuals). The study found that the high beta diversity among plots and among fragments in both strata was due to species turnover (avoiding species homogenization) and that the landscape characteristics tested were not responsible for this result. These fragments present many rare and exclusive species and are not dominated by only a few species. In this scenario, it is necessary to conserve as many fragments as possible to protect most of tree assemblage because each fragment has a unique species composition.
RoseateTern breeding dispersal and fidelity: responses to two newly restored colony sites
Authors: Spendelow Jeffrey A. , Monticelli David , Nichols James D. , Hines James E. , Nisbet Ian C. T. , Cormons Grace , Hays Helen , Hatch Jeremy J. , Mostello Carolyn S. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe used 22 yr of capture–mark–reencounter (CMR) data collected from 1988 to 2009 on about 12,500 birds at what went from three to five coastal colony sites in Massachusetts, New York, and Connecticut, United States, to examine spatial and temporal variation in breeding dispersal/fidelity rates of adult Roseate Terns (Sterna dougallii). At the start of our study, Roseate Terns nested at only one site (Bird Island) in Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts, but two more sites in this bay (Ram and Penikese Islands) were subsequently recolonized and became incorporated into ourCMRmetapopulation study. We examined four major hypotheses about factors we thought might influence colony‐site fidelity and movement rates in the restructured system. We found some evidence that colony‐site fidelity remained higher at long‐established sites compared with newer ones and that breeding dispersal was more likely to occur among nearby sites than distant ones. Sustained predation at Falkner Island, Connecticut, did not result in a sustained drop in fidelity rates of breeders. Patterns of breeding dispersal differed substantially at the two restored sites. The fidelity of Roseate Terns at Bird dropped quickly after nearby Ram was recolonized in 1994, and fidelity rates for Ram soon approached those for Bird. After an oil spill in Buzzards Bay in April 2003, hazing (deliberate disturbance) of the terns at Ram prior to the start of egg‐laying resulted in lowering of fidelity at this site, a decrease in immigration from Bird, and recolonization of Penikese by Roseate Terns. Annual fidelity rates at Penikese increased somewhat several years after the initial recolonization, but they remained much lower there than at all the other sites throughout the study period. The sustained high annual rates of emigration from Penikese resulted in the eventual failure of the restoration effort there, and in 2013, no Roseate Terns nested at this site.