bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enquêtes publiques, 1820-1830. Définir l’utilité publique pour justifier le sacrifice dans un monde de projets
Authors: Graber Frédéric 
Published: December 2016

Cet article présente un ensemble de débats, de la fin de la Restauration au début de la monarchie de Juillet, concernant l’introduction des enquêtes préalables aux travaux publics en France, et propose d’analyser les arguments mobilisés dans la réflexion et la mise en place de ce genre de dispositifs. Il étudie, tout d’abord, les travaux de la Commission des routes et des canaux en 1828-1829, où a été discuté et adopté un dispositif d’enquête préalable qui s’inscrit dans la continuité de la tradition française des enquêtes publiques, tout en la réorientant profondément. Il étudie ensuite une série de positions alternatives, qui proposent un dispositif plus ou moins inspiré des enquêtes parlementaires anglaises, contre des enquêtes françaises jugées trop administratives et inefficaces. Deux modèles d’enquête publique se dégagent alors, l’un de tradition française, centré sur l’enregistrement d’observations individuelles et une prétention à entendre toutes les plaintes, l’autre d’inspiration anglaise, centré sur la confrontation des arguments mobilisables par des intérêts opposés. Mais l’article conclut en relevant une convergence entre les débats de la Commission des routes et des canaux et les promoteurs des enquêtes anglaises sur un certain nombre de points et tente de caractériser ce qu’est l’enquête publique idéale autour de 1830, un dispositif permettant de justifier le sacrifice de certains intérêts dans un monde de projets.
Voltaire et le droit de punir. Un activiste du moment Beccaria
Authors: Porret Michel 
Published: December 2016

Virulent pamphlétaire, procureur de l’infâme et « frère en philosophie » de Beccaria dont il partage le programme de modération pénale, Voltaire s’est insurgé contre les grands procès du fanatisme et de l’obscurantisme de son temps – affaires Calas, Sirven, La Barre. Son humanisme s’ancre dans l’horizon d’attente du réformisme juridique et de la modernité pénale des Lumières. Le procès passionné que Voltaire intente à la justice royale n’a rien perdu de sa modernité herméneutique, qui est trop souvent caricaturée par l’historiographie hostile aux « philosophes » des Lumières.
Managing waiting times to predict no-shows and cancelations at a children’s hospital
Authors: Rodríguez-García Miguel , McLean-Carranza Aldo A , Prado-Prado J. Carlos , Domínguez-Caamaño Pablo 
Published: December 2016

Purpose: Since long waits in hospitals have been found to be related to high rates of no-shows and cancelations, managing waiting times should be considered as an important tool that hospitals can use to reduce missed appointments. The aim of this study is to analyze patients’ behavior in order to predict no-show and cancelation rates correlated to waiting times.Design/methodology/approach: This study is based on the data from a US children’s hospital, which includes all the appointments registered during one year of observation. We used the call-appointment interval to establish the wait time to get an appointment. Four different types of appointment-keeping behavior and two types of patients were distinguished: arrival, no-show, cancelation with no reschedule, and cancelation with reschedule; and new and established patients.Findings: Results confirmed a strong impact of long waiting times on patients’ appointment-keeping behavior, and the logarithmic regression was found as the best-fit function for the correlation between variables in all cases. The correlation analysis showed that new patients tend to miss appointments more often than established patients when the waiting time increases. It was also found that, depending on the patients’ appointment distribution, it might get more complicated for hospitals to reduce missed appointments as the waiting time is reduced.Originality/value: The methodology applied in our study, which combines the use of regression analysis and patients’ appointment distribution analysis, would help health care managers to understand the initial implications of long waiting times and to address improvement related to patient satisfaction and hospital performance.
Minimizing the carbon footprint of material handling equipment: Comparison of electric and LPG forklifts
Authors: Facchini Francesco , Mummolo Giovanni , Mossa Giorgio , Digiesi Salvatore , Boenzi Francesco , Verriello Rossella 
Published: December 2016

Purpose: The aim of this study is to identify the best Material Handling Equipment (MHE) to minimize the carbon footprint of inbound logistic activities, based on the type of the warehouse (layout, facilities and order-picking strategy) as well as the weight of the loads to be handled.Design/methodology/approach: A model to select the best environmental MHE for inbound logistic activities has been developed. Environmental performance of the MHE has been evaluated in terms of carbon Footprint (CF). The model is tested with a tool adopting a VBA macro as well as a simulation software allowing the evaluation of energy and time required by the forklift in each phase of the material handling cycle: picking, sorting and storing of the items.Findings: Nowadays, it is not possible to identify ‘a priori’ a particular engine equipped forklift performing better than others under an environmental perspective. Consistently, the application of the developed model allows to identify the best MHE tailored to each case analyzed. Originality/value: This work gives a contribution to the disagreement between environmental performances of forklifts equipped with different engines. The developed model can be considered a valid support for decision makers to identify the best MHE minimizing the carbon footprint of inbound logistic activities.
Supply chain collaboration: A Game-theoretic approach to profit allocation
Authors: Ponte Borja , Fernández Isabel , Rosillo Rafael , Parreño José , García Nazario 
Published: December 2016

Purpose: This paper aims to develop a theoretical framework for profit allocation, as a mechanism for aligning incentives, in collaborative supply chains.Design/methodology/approach: The issue of profit distribution is approached from a game-theoretic perspective. We use the nucleolus concept. The framework is illustrated through a numerical example based on the Beer Game scenario.Findings: The nucleolus offers a powerful perspective to tackle this problem, as it takes into consideration the bargaining power of the different echelons. We show that this framework outperforms classical alternatives.Research limitations/implications: The allocation of the overall supply chain profit is analyzed from a static perspective. Considering the dynamic nature of the problem would be an interesting next step. Practical implications: We provide evidence of drawbacks derived from classical solutions to the profit allocation problem. Real-world collaborative supply chains need of robust mechanisms like the one tackled in this work to align incentives from the various actors.Originality/value: Adopting an efficient collaborative solution is a major challenge for supply chains, since it is a wide and complex process that requires an appropriate scheme. Within this framework, profit allocation is essential.
Actions rituelles, mobilité et attachement au « pays natal » parmi des éleveurs nomades de Mongolie
Authors: Charlier Bernard 
Published: December 2016

L’auteur analyse les rapports objectifs et subjectifs que des éleveurs nomades vivant dans l’ouest de la Mongolie entretiennent avec une portion de territoire qu’ils nomment leur « pays natal » (törsön nutag). L’attachement à ce lieu n’est pas seulement établi à la naissance, il s’actualise et se développe à travers des actions rituelles quotidiennes, occasionnelles et annuelles. L’auteur aborde les libations quotidiennes destinées aux esprits du territoire, les offrandes faites à ces esprits au camp d’hiver pendant les célébrations du Nouvel An, et l’effacement de certaines traces sur le sol lors de déménagements. Il s’agit de montrer que des actions rituelles véhiculent une certaine idée de fixité et d’ancrage dans le territoire alors que la mobilité est au cœur de l’élevage extensif de moutons et de chèvres pratiqué par les éleveurs. Cet article vise à montrer que mouvement et fixité sont complémentaires dans l’attachement au pays natal.
"Life" and "freeing life" (tshe thar) among pastoralists of Kham: intersecting religion and environment
Authors: Tan Gillian G. 
Published: December 2016

Cet article examine l’interface entre les pratiques religieuses et l’environnement physique chez les pasteurs nomades contemporains dans la région du Kham Minyag. Il détaille comment les pasteurs nomades du Kham pratiquent leurs croyances religieuses en incorporant des entités de leur environnement physique, telles que les yaks, de façon à compliquer la dichotomie particulière entre le spirituel et le physique. Explicitant la compréhension vernaculaire de « vie », cet article propose que les pratiques religieuses quotidiennes, normalement classées en concept distinct de « religion » sont, pour les pasteurs nomades du Kham, mieux comprises comme intégralement liées à d’autres domaines de leur monde.
Écrire pour parler. Quelques problématiques premières
Authors: Philippe Gilles 
Published: December 2016

Si le texte écrit pour être dit embarrasse, c’est qu’un document fait toujours défaut : celui de la parole vive, saisie dans l’instant même, et qui est l’état « final » à l’aune duquel l’avant-dire devrait être considéré. Ce manque ne doit cependant pas arrêter toute réflexion, et l’on essaie ici de recenser les principales questions qui se posent. Le brouillon de l’oral diffère-t-il matériellement et linguistiquement du brouillon de l’écrit ? Jusqu’à quel point anticipe-t-il la prestation orale et de quelle façon ? Son statut pragmatique est-il le même que celui d’un avant-texte ordinaire ? Est-il symétrique au cas inverse du « brouillon oral » d’un texte écrit ? Comment s’articule-t-il aux évolutions des imaginaires sociaux de l’écrit et de l’oral ? Comment gère-t-il sa possible double finalité, dès lors qu’une conférence ou un discours, par exemple, sont aussi appelés à être publiés, et que l’avant-dire est aussi un avant-texte au sens habituel du terme ?
Écrire et parler. Quelques préalables théoriques
Authors: Mahrer Rudolf 
Published: December 2016

L’écrit est utile à la préparation de l’oral. Cet article se propose d’éclairer cette évidence sous un angle sémiologique. À cette fin, nous nous focalisons ici sur les propriétés spécifiques des signaux des deux pratiques symboliques en jeu : processuelles et acoustiques du côté de l’oral, qui représente en l’occurrence la pratique préparée, statiques et graphiques, du côté de la pratique préparante. Pour comprendre comment les qualités de la substance graphique disposent à la pratique de la préparation du discours, nous considérons le rapport de l’écrit et de l’oral au temps et à l’espace, mais aussi à la supposée linéarité du signifiant. Pour décrire comment l’espace graphique prépare efficacement le temps de la performance orale, il faut aussi préciser ce qu’on peut entendre par préparation du discours. Nous finirons par quelques hypothèses à ce propos, entre rhétorique classique et psycholinguistique.
Du bon usage de l’archive dans l’édition des genres de l’oral
Authors: Bellon Guillaume 
Published: December 2016

Un cours ou une conférence sont des événements qui n’ont lieu qu’une fois. Et pourtant l’archive de ces événements est riche : notes du professeur ou des auditeurs, enregistrements sonores (et aujourd’hui vidéo). De Michelet à Foucault, de nombreux cours sont à présent accessibles sous forme de livre notamment. On se demandera dès lors quel (bon) usage faire de ces documents.
« Je ne connais pas Ben Sadok »
Authors: Bourgault Jean , Cormann Grégory 
Published: December 2016

Le 10 décembre 1957, Sartre est appelé à témoigner en faveur de Mohamed Ben Sadok, qui avait assassiné Ali Chekkal, ancien vice-président de l’Assemblée algérienne : la défense veut tout faire pour que Ben Sadok ne soit pas condamné à mort. On étudie ici, à partir du manuscrit, la genèse et le sens du témoignage de Sartre. Sartre est dans une position paradoxale : il ne peut soutenir publiquement le terrorisme du FLN, alors qu’il l’approuve ; en pleine guerre d’Algérie, il lui faut donc en appeler à la justice en tenant à distance la question politique. Sartre le fait en explicitant la difficile jeunesse de Ben Sadok, puis en évoquant les célèbres assassinats politiques de l’histoire de France, dont on a souvent fait l’éloge, enfin en se référant à l’humanisme de Camus. Sartre est prêt à jouer tous les rôles pour sauver Ben Sadok de la peine de mort.
Insights into the deterministic skill of air quality ensembles from the analysis of AQMEII data
Authors: Kioutsioukis Ioannis , Im Ulas , Solazzo Efisio , Bianconi Roberto , Badia Alba , Balzarini Alessandra , Baró Rocío , Bellasio Roberto , Brunner Dominik , Chemel Charles , Curci Gabriele , van der Gon Hugo Denier , Flemming Johannes , Forkel Renate , Giordano Lea , Jiménez-Guerrero Pedro , Hirtl Marcus , Jorba Oriol , Manders-Groot Astrid , Neal Lucy , Pérez Juan L. , Pirovano Guidio , San Jose Roberto , Savage Nicholas , Schroder Wolfram , Sokhi Ranjeet S. , Syrakov Dimiter , Tuccella Paolo , Werhahn Johannes , Wolke Ralf , Hogrefe Christian , Galmarini Stefano 
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Simulations from chemical weather models are subject to uncertainties in the input data (e.g. emission inventory, initial and boundary conditions) as well as those intrinsic to the model (e.g. physical parameterization, chemical mechanism). Multi-model ensembles can improve the forecast skill, provided that certain mathematical conditions are fulfilled. In this work, four ensemble methods were applied to two different datasets, and their performance was compared for ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and particulate matter (PM10). Apart from the unconditional ensemble average, the approach behind the other three methods relies on adding optimum weights to members or constraining the ensemble to those members that meet certain conditions in time or frequency domain. The two different datasets were created for the first and second phase of the Air Quality Model Evaluation International Initiative (AQMEII). The methods are evaluated against ground level observations collected from the EMEP (European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme) and AirBase databases. The goal of the study is to quantify to what extent we can extract predictable signals from an ensemble with superior skill over the single models and the ensemble mean. Verification statistics show that the deterministic models simulate better O3 than NO2 and PM10, linked to different levels of complexity in the represented processes. The unconditional ensemble mean achieves higher skill compared to each station's best deterministic model at no more than 60 % of the sites, indicating a combination of members with unbalanced skill difference and error dependence for the rest. The promotion of the right amount of accuracy and diversity within the ensemble results in an average additional skill of up to 31 % compared to using the full ensemble in an unconditional way. The skill improvements were higher for O3 and lower for PM10, associated with the extent of potential changes in the joint distribution of accuracy and diversity in the ensembles. The skill enhancement was superior using the weighting scheme, but the training period required to acquire representative weights was longer compared to the sub-selecting schemes. Further development of the method is discussed in the conclusion.
Airborne observations of far-infrared upwelling radiance in the Arctic
Authors: Libois Quentin , Ivanescu Liviu , Blanchet Jean-Pierre , Schulz Hannes , Bozem Heiko , Leaitch W. Richard , Burkart Julia , Abbatt Jonathan P. D. , Herber Andreas B. , Aliabadi Amir A. , Girard Éric 
Published: December 2016

Abstract. The first airborne measurements of the Far-InfraRed Radiometer (FIRR) were performed in April 2015 during the panarctic NETCARE campaign. Vertical profiles of spectral upwelling radiance in the range 8–50 µm were measured in clear and cloudy conditions from the surface up to 6 km. The clear sky profiles highlight the strong dependence of radiative fluxes to the temperature inversion typical of the Arctic. Measurements acquired for total column water vapour from 1.5 to 10.5 mm also underline the sensitivity of the far-infrared greenhouse effect to specific humidity. The cloudy cases show that optically thin ice clouds increase the cooling rate of the atmosphere, making them important pieces of the Arctic energy balance. One such cloud exhibited a very complex spatial structure, characterized by large horizontal heterogeneities at the kilometre scale. This emphasizes the difficulty of obtaining representative cloud observations with airborne measurements but also points out how challenging it is to model polar clouds radiative effects. These radiance measurements were successfully compared to simulations, suggesting that state-of-the-art radiative transfer models are suited to study the cold and dry Arctic atmosphere. Although FIRR in situ performances compare well to its laboratory performances, complementary simulations show that upgrading the FIRR radiometric resolution would greatly increase its sensitivity to atmospheric and cloud properties. Improved instrument temperature stability in flight and expected technological progress should help meet this objective. The campaign overall highlights the potential for airborne far-infrared radiometry and constitutes a relevant reference for future similar studies dedicated to the Arctic and for the development of spaceborne instruments.
Model sensitivity studies of the decrease in atmospheric carbon tetrachloride
Authors: Chipperfield Martyn P. , Liang Qing , Rigby Matthew , Hossaini Ryan , Montzka Stephen A. , Dhomse Sandip , Feng Wuhu , Prinn Ronald G. , Weiss Ray F. , Harth Christina M. , Salameh Peter K. , Mühle Jens , O'Doherty Simon , Young Dickon , Simmonds Peter G. , Krummel Paul B. , Fraser Paul J. , Steele L. Paul , Happell James D. , Rhew Robert C. , Butler James , Yvon-Lewis Shari A. , Hall Bradley , Nance David , Moore Fred , Miller Ben R. , Elkins James W. , Harrison Jeremy J. , Boone Chris D. , Atlas Elliot L. , Mahieu Emmanuel 
Published: December 2016

Abstract. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is an ozone-depleting substance, which is controlled by the Montreal Protocol and for which the atmospheric abundance is decreasing. However, the current observed rate of this decrease is known to be slower than expected based on reported CCl4 emissions and its estimated overall atmospheric lifetime. Here we use a three-dimensional (3-D) chemical transport model to investigate the impact on its predicted decay of uncertainties in the rates at which CCl4 is removed from the atmosphere by photolysis, by ocean uptake and by degradation in soils. The largest sink is atmospheric photolysis (74 % of total), but a reported 10 % uncertainty in its combined photolysis cross section and quantum yield has only a modest impact on the modelled rate of CCl4 decay. This is partly due to the limiting effect of the rate of transport of CCl4 from the main tropospheric reservoir to the stratosphere, where photolytic loss occurs. The model suggests large interannual variability in the magnitude of this stratospheric photolysis sink caused by variations in transport. The impact of uncertainty in the minor soil sink (9 % of total) is also relatively small. In contrast, the model shows that uncertainty in ocean loss (17 % of total) has the largest impact on modelled CCl4 decay due to its sizeable contribution to CCl4 loss and large lifetime uncertainty range (147 to 241 years). With an assumed CCl4 emission rate of 39 Gg year−1, the reference simulation with the best estimate of loss processes still underestimates the observed CCl4 (overestimates the decay) over the past 2 decades but to a smaller extent than previous studies. Changes to the rate of CCl4 loss processes, in line with known uncertainties, could bring the model into agreement with in situ surface and remote-sensing measurements, as could an increase in emissions to around 47 Gg year−1. Further progress in constraining the CCl4 budget is partly limited by systematic biases between observational datasets. For example, surface observations from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) network are larger than from the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE) network but have shown a steeper decreasing trend over the past 2 decades. These differences imply a difference in emissions which is significant relative to uncertainties in the magnitudes of the CCl4 sinks.
“What Doraemon, the Earless Blue Robot Cat from the 22nd Century, Can Teach Us About How Japan’s Elderly and Their Human Caregivers Might Live with Emotional Care Robots.”
Authors: Marshall Robert C. 
Published: December 2016

While immense literatures examine aging and robots in Japan separately, reality has not yet reached the point where robotic care for the elderly can be examined comprehensively. Disciplining imagination with method, structural analysis of the popular Japanese children’s animation series Doraemon, in which a slightly defective blue robot cat sent from the 22nd century becomes the helper and companion to a similarly slightly defective ten-year-old boy, lets us peer into one possible future of this nexus. If Japan’s robotics engineers would consider Doraemon as a plausible model for a socially assistive robot (SAR), their result might replace today’s fraught, infantilizing relationships with youthful, elder-focused care relationships.
Case Reports: Trial Dysphagia Interventions Conducted via Telehealth
Authors: Cassel Stacy Gallese 
Published: December 2016

The diagnosis of dysphagia, defined as swallowing dysfunction or difficulty, is estimated to affect 40-60% of the institutionalized geriatric population, and is the leading cause of aspiration pneumonia, one of the primary contributors of geriatric mortality. In the United States, statistics suggest that at least 50% of these individuals have limited access to treatment due to mobility, distance, and socioeconomic constraints. While “tele-dysphagia intervention” – the delivery of dysphagia therapy services via telecommunications technology – may provide a solution, there is limited research investigating its validity or reliability. The following three case reports of individuals successfully participating in trial tele-dysphagia therapy sessions lend credibility to this service delivery approach, and highlight the need for future research.
Some Reflections on Designing Effective Social Telerehabilitation Services for Older Adults
Authors: Marzano Gilberto , Lubkina Velta , Stafeckis Gatis 
Published: December 2016

The share of the population aged 65 years and over is increasing in every EU Member State, candidate country, and EFTA Member State. WHO/Europe has established a Subnetwork on Healthy Ageing within the European Healthy Cities Network and provides guidance to Member States in developing profiles of healthy ageing, since, given the increasing number of older adults, maintaining their health status is a crucial issue. This article, which is part of the Latvian national scientific program VPP INOSOCTEREHI, focuses on the issues related to the design, implementation, and assessment of user interfaces that can maximize usability in social telerehabilitation systems for older adult users. This is a very real challenge, since older adults don’t form a homogeneous class. Investigating older adults’ skills and their attitudes towards the perceived usefulness of computer applications could be helpful in identifying some sub-sets of older adult users and their typical behaviours.