bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk assessment of diabetes among undergraduate students of Northern Maharashtra using Indian Diabetes Risk Score and its correlation with fasting blood glucose
Authors: Bavaskar Yogita G. , Roy Debasmita , Lokhande Ganesh , Surwade Jitendra , Malkar Vilas , Kumthekar Sunaina , Saji Daniel , Rupani Ashlesh 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
Diabetes, once primarily associated with old age, is increasingly prevalent among young adults. The Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS) employs four parameters—age, waist circumference, family history of diabetes, and physical activity—to screen for diabetes. This study aims to evaluate the risk and prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes in undergraduate medical students and to correlate these findings with their fasting glucose levels.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out among 336 undergraduate medical students in the Jalgaon district of Maharashtra. Data on socio-demographic and anthropometric factors were gathered using a structured, pre-tested questionnaire. Each participant’s IDRS score was calculated. Students were then invited to have their fasting blood glucose levels measured after an overnight fast.

Results:
The study surveyed 336 medical students, comprising 185 males (55.06%) and 151 females (44.94%). According to the IDRS, 5 students (1.49%) were categorized as high risk, 202 students (60.1%) as moderate risk, and 129 students (38.4%) as low risk for diabetes. Fasting blood glucose tests indicated that 3 students (0.90%) had impaired glucose tolerance, and 52 (15.48%) students were pre-diabetic. There was a statistically significant correlation between fasting blood glucose levels and IDRS (R = 0.466, P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
The risk of diabetes among the participating undergraduate students is alarmingly high, according to the IDRS score. The strong correlation between the IDRS and the blood glucose levels of the study participants demonstrates that the IDRS is a highly effective, cost-efficient tool for predicting diabetes risk.
Effect of deep squat intervention in patients with chronic respiratory diseases
Authors: Sawant Bhoomika , Nair Shreeja , Mullerpatan Rajani , Agarwal Bela 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a structured, tailor-made 12-week deep squat intervention on lower extremity muscle strength, cardiorespiratory functional capacity, and health-related quality of life in patients with chronic respiratory dysfunction.

Materials and Methods:
Thirty patients aged 18–65 years were randomly assigned to a deep squat intervention group (n = 15) or a walking program group (n = 15). Assessments conducted before and after the 12-week intervention included lower extremity muscle strength, pulmonary function, cardiorespiratory endurance, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). These were measured using trunk-leg dynamometry, the chair-stand test, the deep squat test, lung volume measurements, maximum inspiratory and expiratory pressures, the 6-min walk test, and the 12-item Short Form Survey questionnaire.

Results:
The results revealed that the deep squat intervention group showed greater muscle strength and cardiorespiratory endurance improvements than the walking group. Significant improvements were observed in lower extremity muscle strength (42.9%), chair-stand repetitions (26%), deep squat repetitions (30.2%), maximum inspiratory pressure (67%), maximum expiratory pressure (29%), peak expiratory flow rate (32%), 6-min walk test distance (16%), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (53%), forced vital capacity (36%), and HRQoL (physical component 42% and mental component 25%) with a large effect size ranging from 1.6 to 10.7 (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
This study concludes that the deep squat intervention proved to be a safe and effective exercise program for mitigating physical deconditioning in individuals with mild to moderate chronic respiratory dysfunction compared with a walking program. These findings support the inclusion of deep squat training in routine pulmonary rehabilitation programs.
A Study on the Pattern of Arterial Segmentation in the Human Spleen
Authors: Ahmed Abdul Alim , Deka Rup Sekhar 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
Partial splenectomy is preferred after splenic injuries, which will help to preserve healthy splenic tissue, hence the immunity. During splenic surgery particularly in the resection of a segment of the spleen, ligation of branches of the splenic artery is necessary. A precise knowledge of the segmental arteries is prerequisite because the spleen is separated into avascular lobes and segments by splenic arterial branches. The aim of the present work was to study the pattern of arterial segmentation in the human spleen and variations of the splenic arterial pattern.

Methodology:
The present study was conducted on 31 spleens with intact splenic artery after getting the ethical clearance. Specimens were collected depending on the availability of cadaver or unclaimed autopsy body. Tracing from terminal branches, the segmental branches of the splenic artery were studied by piece-meal dissection. The terminal branches of the splenic artery and its segmental branches were cleaned and observed. The number of the segmental branches of the spleen and the presence of arterial anastomosis between adjacent segmental arteries were noted.

Results:
The splenic artery terminated as bifurcation in 66.73% and trifurcation in 33.27%. We also found two, three, four, five, six, and seven arterial segments in 2 (6.46%), 14 (45.16%), 7 (22.58%), 3 (9.67%), 3 (9.67%), and 2 (6.46%) specimens, respectively. These segments are separated by an avascular plane in all specimens except one where we found intersegmental arterial anastomosis.

Conclusions:
Knowledge of the splenic arterial branching pattern of the present study may help the general surgeon as well as surgical gastroenterologist in performing the surgery of the spleen, particularly partial splenectomy after splenic injuries. This may also help anatomists in learning and teaching arterial segmentation of the spleen.
Morphometric Analysis of the Sternocleidomastoid Muscle and Associated Anatomical Landmarks: Implications for Surgical Procedures and Clinical Practice
Authors: Punja Rohini , Joshi Sharvari , Bharadwaj Vishnu , Adhikari Purnima , Hosapatna Mamatha 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) a chief rotator and flexor of the neck divides the side of the neck into anterior and posterior triangles and acts as an important landmark for clinicians. It protects the vital structures of the neck such as the cervical plexus and vessels. The depression between the two heads of SCM, the lesser supraclavicular fossa is used by clinicians as a landmark for various procedures.

Methodology:
The study included 15 males and 6 females cadavers, in the Anatomy Department, at Kasturba Medical College, Manipal. The parameters measured were SCM length along the anterior and posterior border, mastoid tip to the exit of greater auricular nerve and spinal accessory nerve along the posterior border of SCM, and origin of superior thyroid artery to SCM origin along the posterior border.

Results:
SCM length along the anterior border was 19.91 cm and 16.48 cm in males and females, respectively. Along the posterior border was 16.04 cm and 13.88 cm. Greater auricular nerve point of exit to the mastoid tip is 7.29 cm and 5.93 cm in males and females respectively. All results were more in males compared to females.

Conclusion:
This detailed morphometric analysis of the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle offers important insights into its anatomical relationships and variations, which are crucial for clinical practice. The gender-specific measurements of SCM length, nerve exit points, and vascular landmarks provide surgeons with precise anatomical guidance for procedures in the neck area.
Assessment of Hospital Medical Emergency Team Operations in a Tertiary Care Center in Turkey
Authors: Yılmaz A , Sevil H , Can S , Ararat E , Güvenç E , Diker S 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Rapid Response Teams, strategically devised to mitigate mortality and morbidity stemming from unforeseen deteriorations and cardiac arrests within healthcare facilities, are ubiquitously implemented on a global scale.

Aim:
The aim of the study is to compare emergency physicians (EPs) and non-EPs on management protocols of Hospital Medical Emergency Teams (HoMET).

Methods:
This was a retrospective cross-sectional study. The hospital archive underwent a retrospective scanning process, and patient records were meticulously examined. The assessment encompassed various facets, including demographic characteristics, activation locations, and response and intervention times of HoMET teams, composed of both EPs and other healthcare professionals. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software version 20.0.

Results:
A total of 1056 calls were included, with 52% (n = 549) involving male patients. The average age was 67.15 ± 19.45 years. EPs served as the team leader in 53% of the calls. Cardiac arrest was considered in 93.6% of the cases. The EPs group exhibited a higher average patient age, longer intervention times, and shorter arrival times (P < 0.001, P = 0.027, P < 0.001, respectively). A significant difference was observed in the locations of the calls and the groups of calls considering cardiac arrest (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, respectively).

Conclusion:
The optimization of intervention teams is imperative given the persistently high incidence and mortality rates associated with in-hospital cardiac arrests. Leveraging the expertise of EPs in the management of arrests and critical patients can potentially enhance the effectiveness of these teams. Nonetheless, further research is warranted to comprehensively explore and validate this aspect.
Dose-area product reduction through a practice implementing low frame rate fluoroscopy and increased collimation during single-vessel percutaneous coronary interventions
Authors: Bousis Christos , Kosovitsas Thanasis , Karanikis Pavlos , Kotsia Anna , Tzima Eleni , Pappa Evgenia 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This study aims to investigate the impact of lowering fluoroscopic frame rate and increasing collimation on dose area product (DAP) during single-vessel percutaneous coronary interventions. Two patient groups that underwent such procedures were retrospectively reviewed: one treated with a standard practice employing fluoroscopy at 15 frames/s and usual collimation (standard group), and the other with a reduced practice employing fluoroscopy at 7.5 frames/s and increased collimation (reduced group). DAP, patient’s effective dose (ED), fluoroscopy time, and number of cineangiography (cine) frames were compared between groups. Multilinear analysis was performed, with DAP as a primary endpoint, to assess the impact of reduced practice in comparison to that of other variables deemed as key descriptors of radiation, patient, disease, or procedure. Relative to the standard group, the reduced group showed a significant decrease of ~37% in DAP (91.46 ± 45.08 Gy•cm2 vs. 145.23 ± 59.67 Gy•cm2, P < 0.0001) and of ~39% in ED (18.70 ± 9.00 mSv vs. 30.61 ± 12.72 mSv, P < 0.0001). While fluoroscopic time was not statistically different between groups (reduced: 10.3 ± 5.6 min vs. standard: 11.1 ± 5.3 min, P = 0.09), number of cine frames was significantly higher in the reduced (1162 ± 304 vs. 936 ± 363, P < 0.0001) due to interoperator experience variability. Multilinear analysis demonstrated that the adoption of the reduced practice was the most significant contributor to the observed DAP decrease. After adjusting for potential confounders, a reduction of ~39% in DAP was found.
Estimation of 210Po and 210Pb and its doses to human beings due to consumption of freshwater species of Ponnusamuthiram Lake, South India
Authors: Krishnamoorthy Raju , Perumal T. , Kannadasan N. , Musthafa Mohamed Saiyad 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A systemic study on the natural radionuclides such as 210Po and 210Pb in the environmental matrices and biota of Ponnusamuthiram Lake (Kumarapalayam) has been undertaken to establish a baseline data on the radiation profile of Ponnusamuthiram Lake ecosystem. The environmental samples, such as water, sediment, and biota (Catla catla, Channa punctata, Clarias batrachus, and Oreochromis mossambicus), crustaceans (Macrobrachium rosenbergii and Macrobrachium malcolmsonii), and bivalves (Lamellidens marginalis), have been subjected to analyses. It has been observed that the concentration of 210Po and 210Pb in the water samples of Ponnusamuthiram Lake was 1.95 and 3.70 mBq L−1, respectively. The activity concentration of 210Po and 210Pb in the sediment sample was 65.31 and 21.12 Bq kg−1, respectively. The bivalve mollusc Lamellidens marginalis have been identified to accumulate higher concentrations of 210Po and 210Pb suggesting that they could serve as bioindicators of radionuclides in the Ponnusamuthiram Lake ecosystem. The concentration factor of 210Po for the biotic components ranged from 1.0 × 103 to 3.0 × 105, while for 210Pb, it ranged from 1.0 × 103 to 4.7 × 104. The committed effective dose for human beings was found at 21.74–248.20 and 16.84–118.67 μSv y−1 for 210Po and 210Pb, respectively.
Investigation of trace element concentrations in some traditionally used medicinal plants in Kerala, India
Authors: Ramsiya M. , Joseph Antony , Musthafa M. M. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The Ayurvedic drugs are widely used in Kerala, India, for primary health care and comprise medicinal plant parts. In the present study, trace element concentrations of 16 traditionally used medicinal plants were determined by the energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence technique. The iron (Fe) shows the highest concentration of the order of 7482 ± 101 mg kg−1, while the allowed limit by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)/WHO is 20 mg kg−1. Nonessential element lead is detected in all analyzed samples, but its amount is less than the limit set by FAO/WHO 1984. The trace element profile obtained is the fingerprint identity of each plant used in drug formulations. Such baseline data act as the standardization tool for manufacturing compound medicines.
Benefits of Cognitive Behavior Therapy with Neuroscience-informed Psychoeducation in Young Adult Patients: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Halder Susmita , Mahato Akash K 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Psychoeducation often is a recommended augmentation for cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) to enhance patients’ understanding of their clinical condition. But despite providing psychoeducation, there might be a lack of insightful engagement in the therapy process on the part of patients, affecting the therapy outcome. While there are neuroscience-informed psychoeducation models for addiction, there is rarely any literature on neuroscience-informed psychoeducation for CBT. It is postulated that a neuroscience-informed module of psychoeducation can bring better acceptance of CBT and improve its outcome.

Methods:
In this study, we used a pre- and poststudy design. Using purposive sampling, 30 consecutive young adult patients presented themselves with symptoms of depression and anxiety to receive standard CBT module. Fifteen of these received the CBT module with generic psychoeducation detailing the etiology, signs and symptoms, and treatment requirements for their condition. The other 15 received neuroscience-informed psychoeducation modules having specific inputs about the generic functioning of the human brain, the neuropsychological changes, and processes in the brain during and due to the psychotherapy (CBT) process. Acceptance and outcome of CBT were measured through changes in symptom rating as well as individual feedback, sentiment analysis of the feedback statements, and word cloud.

Results:
Participants of both the psychoeducation model groups – conventional psychoeducation (p < 0.001) and neuroscience-informed psychoeducation group (p < 0.001) – were found to have significant improvement in their clinical symptoms of the pre- and posttest scores. But the neuroscience-based psychoeducation group was better compliant to sessions and had better follow-up rates compared to conventional psychoeducation. Sentiment analysis of the feedback revealed a higher volume of sentiments in neuroscience-informed group.

Conclusion:
Neuroscience-based psychoeducation has the potential of changing perception and enhancing the credibility of CBT and can bring better acceptance and outcome for the CBT process.
Precharge switch based on metal–oxide–semiconductor‐controlled thyristor for power relay assembly of battery electric vehicles
Authors: Jung Dong Yun , Park Kun Sik , In Kim Sang , Jang Hyun Gyu , Won Jongil , Lee Yong Ha , Lim Jong‐Won 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe power relay assembly (PRA) is an essential component to ensure the safety of an electric vehicle. We propose a semiconductor‐based precharge switch to overcome the shortcomings of the conventional mechanical relay, which is currently used as the precharge switch in the PRA. The gate‐driving circuit uses a photocoupler instead of a gate‐driving integrated circuit to reduce complexity and cost. Five devices, namely, two insulated‐gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs), two silicon carbide metal–oxide–semiconductor field‐effect transistors (SiC MOSFETs), and one metal–oxide–semiconductor‐controlled thyristor (MCT) are tested as candidate precharge switches. Each device is analyzed under varying battery voltage and fixed measurement conditions. The IGBT and SiC MOSFET burn below 600 V, while the MCT exhibits normal operation up to 800 V. The MCT precharge switch can solve shortcomings of the conventional mechanical relay and increase the performance with a simple gate‐driving circuit. Furthermore, the PRA with an MCT precharge switch can reduce the volume, weight, and cost while improving reliability.
Teachers’ Capabilities in Implementing Inclusive Education: A South African Perspective
Authors: Mokhampanyane Matsolo 
Published: September 2024

In this empirical paper, we discuss teachers’ capabilities in implementing inclusive education. The background to this paper is that teachers have challenges in implementing inclusive education in South African primary schools. The study is underpinned by critical emancipatory research (CER), which advocates for peace, hope, equality, freedom, and social justice. A transformative paradigm under a qualitative approach and participatory action research design was adopted to analyze the experiences of the stakeholders of the research school. This is a qualitative paper where interviews were used to collect data from 7 participants. The study found that teachers in primary schools are not well prepared to implement inclusive education. Considering the findings, the study argues that there is a need to ensure that teachers are well-prepared and supported for inclusive education through in-service training.
O Auxílio da Praxeologia na Organização de uma Avaliação
Authors: Tiburtino Adriana Ferreira , Borelli Suzete de Souza , Oliveira Adriano Amâncio de 
Published: September 2024

Após a abordagem dos conteúdos, explicações e resoluções de atividades, o professor avalia o aluno. A etapa de escolhas das questões para organização de uma avaliação não é algo fácil. Este artigo apresenta a proposta de seleção de uma questão avaliativa, através de uma organização praxeológica, refletindo sobre a tarefa proposta e sobre as técnicas que o aluno poderá empregar durante a resolução. Nessa direção, apresentaremos a Teoria Antropológico do Didático de Yves Chevallard (1999), que considera como a análise praxeológica do didático pode contribuir para a organização de uma avaliação formativa, possibilitando ao professor o planejamento de instrumentos avaliativos baseados em parâmetros especificados para observar a aprendizagem dos alunos por meio das diferentes tarefas desenvolvidas em sala de aula.
Palavras-chave: Avaliação. Praxeológica. Ensino. Aprendizagem. Tarefa.
Circuitos do axé, circulação e visibilização da Santería cubana na esfera pública habanera
Authors: Labañino Yumei de Isabel Morales 
Published: September 2024

A partir da década de 90 do século passado cresceu de maneira significativa a presença de símbolos religiosos na esfera pública cubana, e as religiões afro-cubanas foram parte essencial neste fenômeno. Começou assim o aparecimento de objetos vinculados à Santería ou à Regla Ocha em lugares não relacionados com a religião, sendo reconhecido por uma população não pertencente ao povo de santo cubano. Além disso, ganhou destaque em espaços onde sua presença era habitual, como museus, mas que tinha passado por um processo de esquecimento. O objetivo do artigo é refletir sobre a presença na esfera pública de símbolos da Santería, usando como elemento para a análise a cultura material produzida para uso religioso. Por este motivo, exploraremos a tríade que se cria entre o mercado, a casa-templo e o museu.
LESÕES NAS LUTAS: OVERVIEW DE REVISÕES SISTEMÁTICAS
Authors: Alves Santana Ermita Emília , Sander Freitas Alex , Mendes Amaral Giovanna , Claude Lafetá Jean , Veloso Rocha Marinho Hellen 
Published: September 2024

O objetivo do estudo foi sistematizar os principais achados referentes à ocorrência de lesões nas lutas durante a prática esportiva. A presente revisão reuniu artigos científicos das bases de dados eletrônicas PubMed/Medline, Scopus, ISI Web of Science. A estratégia de busca inicial retornou 130 estudos, sendo que 89 artigos foram excluídos por serem registros inelegíveis de acordo com o título e resumo. Dos 41 artigos restantes, 14 eram duplicatas. Outros 03 foram excluídos pela dificuldade de acesso e 02 artigos por não estarem disponíveis na língua em inglês. Restaram 22 artigos para serem analisados na íntegra. Após a leitura dos textos completos, 07 foram descartados por não atenderem aos critérios de inclusão ou não se encaixarem na temática do trabalho e 01 foi excluído por apresentar dados epidemiológicos insuficientes. Desta forma, 14 artigos foram selecionados para análise no presente estudo. No total, estes artigos analisaram diferentes esportes de combate, incluindo MMA, Judô, Taekwondo, Luta livre, Karatê, Boxe e Jiu-Jitsu. No MMA, a região anatômica mais lesionada foi a cabeça (30 - 78%) e no Judô, mão/dedos (30%). No Taekwondo, os episódios de lesões ocorreram mais frequentemente nos membros inferiores (21,7- 40,2%), assim como, na Luta Livre, onde a ocorrência de lesões nos membros inferiores correspondeu à39%. No Karate, as regiões anatômicas mais lesionadas foram na cabeça/ pescoço (41,2% - 57,9%). Em relação à análise de lesões dentofaciais, a maior prevalência agrupada ocorreu no Jiu-Jitsu (52,9%) e no Boxe houve a maior prevalência de lesões dentárias. Conclui-se que, a ocorrência de lesões mais frequentes no MMA foi a cabeça, no Karatê: cabeça e pescoço, no Taekwondo e Luta Livre: membros inferiores e no Judô as lesões mais frequentes foram nas mãos e dedos.