bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drinker Types, Harm, and Policy‐Related Variables: Results from the 2011 International Alcohol Control Study in New Zealand
Authors: Wall Martin , Casswell Sally 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundThe aim was to identify a typology of drinkers in New Zealand based on alcohol consumption, beverage choice, and public versus private drinking locations and investigate the relationship between drinker types, harms experienced, and policy‐related variables.MethodsModel‐based cluster analysis of male and female drinkers including volumes of alcohol consumed in the form of beer, wine, spirits, and ready‐to‐drinks (RTDs) in off‐ and on‐premise settings. Cluster membership was then related to harm measures: alcohol dependence, self‐rated health; and to 3 policy‐relevant variables: liking for alcohol adverts, price paid for alcohol, and time of purchase.ResultsMales and females were analyzed separately. Men fell into 4 and women into 14 clearly discriminated clusters. The male clusters consumed a relatively high proportion of alcohol in the form of beer. Women had a number of small extreme clusters and some consumed mainly spirits‐based RTDs, while others drank mainly wine. Those in the higher consuming clusters were more likely to have signs of alcohol dependency, to report lower satisfaction with their health, to like alcohol ads, and to have purchased late at night.ConclusionsConsumption patterns are sufficiently distinctive to identify typologies of male and female alcohol consumers. Women drinkers are more heterogeneous than men. The clusters relate differently to policy‐related variables.
Letter: hepatocellular carcinoma risk after hepatitis B surface antigen seroclearance
Authors: Jiang J.‐F. , Sun J. , Shi J. , Liu X. 
Published: April 2017

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Gounder et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14026 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13621.
Peroxisome Proliferator‐Activated Receptor α Activation Suppresses Cytochrome P450 Induction Potential in Mice Treated with Gemfibrozil
Authors: Shi Cunzhong , Min Luo , Yang Julin , Dai Manyun , Song Danjun , Hua Huiying , Xu Gangming , Gonzalez Frank J. , Liu Aiming 
Published: April 2017

AbstractGemfibrozil, a peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor α (PPARα) agonist, is widely used for hypertriglyceridaemia and mixed hyperlipidaemia. Drug–drug interaction of gemfibrozil and other PPARα agonists has been reported. However, the role of PPARα in cytochrome P450 (CYP) induction by fibrates is not well known. In this study, wild‐type mice were first fed gemfibrozil‐containing diets (0.375%, 0.75% and 1.5%) for 14 days to establish a dose–response relationship for CYP induction. Then, wild‐type mice and Pparα‐null mice were treated with a 0.75% gemfibrozil‐containing diet for 7 days. CYP3a, CYP2b and CYP2c were induced in a dose‐dependent manner by gemfibrozil. In Pparα‐null mice, their mRNA level, protein level and activity were induced more than those in wild‐type mice. So, gemfibrozil induced CYP, and this action was inhibited by activated PPARα. These data suggested that the induction potential of CYPs was suppressed by activated PPARα, showing a potential role of this receptor in drug–drug interactions and metabolic diseases treated with fibrates.
Immediate implant and rehabilitation based on All‐on‐4 concept in patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis: A medium‐term prospective study
Authors: Li Sha , Di Ping , Zhang Yu , Lin Ye 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundAggressive periodontitis renders a great challenge to the conventional implant due to the risks of infection and ongoing marginal bone loss (MBL). A study about full‐arch immediate implant and restoration in patients with advanced generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAP) was not read, even though the All‐on‐4 concept has been proven to be predictable for edentulous patients.PurposeThis prospective study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and medium‐term outcomes of immediate implant and rehabilitation based on the All‐on‐4 concept in patients with advanced GAP via clinical and radiographic analyses.Materials and MethodsSeventeen patients (mean age 39.4 years) with advanced GAP received immediate postextraction implant and rehabilitation based on the All‐on‐4 concept between January 2009 and January 2014. Eighty implants were inserted into 20 arches (7 maxillae and 13 mandibles). The average follow‐up duration was 5 years (range 2‐7). Complications, probing depth, and plaque, bleeding, and gingiva indices were evaluated. MBL was measured based on the panoramic radiographs taken immediately after surgery and annually thereafter.ResultsThe cumulative survival rate (CSR) of the implants was 98.75% (79/80) after an average of 5 years. One tilted implant failed due to peri‐implantitis. The average peri‐implant MBL was 0.8 ± 0.4 and 1.2 ± 0.3 mm after 1 and 7 years, respectively. The CSR was 100% (20/20) for definite prostheses, while 85% (17/20) for provisional prostheses. The average probing depth, and plaque, bleeding, and gingiva indices at the last recall visit were 3.0 ± 0.5, 1.2 ± 0.4, 0.5 ± 0.5, and 0.4 ± 0.4 mm, respectively. Patient showed high satisfaction to the overall effects.ConclusionsBased on this study, the All‐on‐4 concept provided predictable outcomes in patients with GAP in 2‐ to 7‐year follow‐ups, and averted the severe bone defect area of aggressive periodontitis.
Foraging at a safe distance: crab spider effects on pollinators
Authors: HUEY SPENCER , NIEH JAMES C. 
Published: April 2017

1. The ability of pollinating insects to discover and evade their predators can affect plant–pollinator mutualisms and have cascading ecosystem effects. Pollinators will avoid flowers with predators, but it is not clear how far away they will move to continue foraging. If these distances are relatively small, the impact of predators on the plant–pollinator mutualism may be lessened. The plant could continue to receive some pollination, and pollinators would reduce the time and energy needed to search for another patch.2. A native crab spider, Xysticus elegans, was placed on one cluster in a small array of Baccharis pilularis inflorescence clusters, and the preferred short‐range foraging distances of naturally visiting pollinators was determined.3. Nearly all pollinator taxa (honey bees, wasps, other Hymenoptera, and non‐bombyliid flies) spent less time foraging on the predator cluster.4. The key result of this study is that inflorescences within 90 mm of the crab spider were avoided by visiting honey bees and wasps, which spent three‐ and 18‐fold more time, respectively, foraging on more distant flower clusters.5. Whether honey bees can use olfaction to detect spiders was then tested, and this study provides the first demonstration that honey bees will avoid crab spider odour alone at a food source.
Social outcomes of young adults with childhood‐onset epilepsy: A case‐sibling‐control study
Authors: Baca Christine B. , Barry Frances , Vickrey Barbara G. , Caplan Rochelle , Berg Anne T. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryObjectiveWe aimed to compare long‐term social outcomes in young adults with childhood‐onset epilepsy (cases) with neurologically normal sibling controls.MethodsLong‐term social outcomes were assessed at the 15‐year follow‐up of the Connecticut Study of Epilepsy, a community‐based prospective cohort study of children with newly diagnosed epilepsy. Young adults with childhood‐onset epilepsy with complicated (abnormal neurologic exam findings, abnormal brain imaging with lesion referable to epilepsy, intellectual disability (ID; IQ < 60) or informative history of neurologic insults to which the occurrence of epilepsy might be attributed), and uncomplicated epilepsy presentations were compared to healthy sibling controls. Age, gender, and matched‐pair adjusted generalized linear models stratified by complicated epilepsy and 5‐year seizure‐free status estimated adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals [CIs] for each outcome.ResultsThe 15‐year follow‐up included 361 individuals with epilepsy (59% of initial cases; N = 291 uncomplicated and N = 70 complicated epilepsy; mean age 22 years [standard deviation, SD 3.5]; mean epilepsy onset 6.2 years [SD 3.9]) and 173 controls. Social outcomes for cases with uncomplicated epilepsy with ≥5 years terminal remission were comparable to controls; cases with uncomplicated epilepsy <5 years seizure‐free were more likely to be less productive (school/employment < 20 h/week) (aOR 3.63, 95% CI 1.83–7.20) and not to have a driver's license (aOR 6.25, 95% CI 2.85–13.72). Complicated cases with epilepsy <5 years seizure‐free had worse outcomes across multiple domains; including not graduating high school (aOR 24.97, 95% CI 7.49–83.30), being un‐ or underemployed (<20 h/week) (aOR 11.06, 95% CI 4.44–27.57), being less productively engaged (aOR 15.71, 95% CI 6.88–35.88), and not living independently (aOR 10.24, 95% CI 3.98–26.36). Complicated cases without ID (N = 36) had worse outcomes with respect to productive engagement (aOR 6.02; 95% CI 2.48–14.58) compared to controls. Cases with complicated epilepsy were less likely to be driving compared to controls, irrespective of remission status or ID.SignificanceIn individuals with uncomplicated childhood‐onset epilepsy presentations and 5‐year terminal remission, young adult social outcomes are comparable to those of sibling controls. Complicated epilepsy, notable for intellectual disability, and seizure remission status are important prognostic indicators for long‐term young adult social outcomes in childhood‐onset epilepsy.
Reasons for discontinuation of reversible contraceptive methods by women with epilepsy
Authors: Mandle Hannah B. , Cahill Kaitlyn E. , Fowler Kristen M. , Hauser W. Allen , Davis Anne R. , Herzog Andrew G. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryObjectiveTo report the reasons for discontinuation of contraceptive methods by women with epilepsy (WWE).MethodsThese retrospective data come from a web‐based survey regarding the contraceptive practices of 1,144 WWE in the community, ages 18–47 years. We determined the frequencies of contraceptive discontinuations and the reasons for discontinuation. We compared risk ratios for rates of discontinuation among contraceptive methods and categories. We used chi‐square analysis to test the independence of discontinuation reasons among the various contraceptive methods and categories and when stratified by antiepileptic drug (AED) categories.ResultsNine hundred fifty‐nine of 2,393 (40.6%) individual, reversible contraceptive methods were discontinued. One‐half (51.8%) of the WWE who discontinued a method discontinued at least two methods. Hormonal contraception was discontinued most often (553/1,091, 50.7%) with a risk ratio of 1.94 (1.54–2.45, p < 0.0001) compared to intrauterine devices (IUDs), the category that was discontinued the least (57/227, 25.1%). Among all individual methods, the contraceptive patch was stopped most often (79.7%) and the progestin‐IUD was stopped the least (20.1%). The top three reasons for discontinuation among all methods were reliability concerns (13.9%), menstrual problems (13.5%), and increased seizures (8.6%). There were significant differences among discontinuation rates and reasons when stratified by AED category for hormonal contraception but not for any other contraceptive category.SignificanceContraception counseling for WWE should consider the special experience profiles that are unique to this special population on systemic hormonal contraception.
Why Do Traders Split Orders?
Authors: Garvey Ryan , Huang Tao , Wu Fei 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe examine factors that influence decisions by U.S. equity traders to execute a string of orders, in the same stock, in the same direction, around the same time. Order splitting is more likely to occur when traders submit larger‐size orders and when market depth and trading activity are lower. Order splitters demand liquidity more and pay higher trading costs, but their overall performance is better. When controlling for execution time, split orders are more informative than single orders. Our results suggest that order splitting arises from a variety of factors, including informational differences, order and trader characteristics, and market conditions.
Does Immigration Affect Demand for Redistribution? – An Experimental Design
Authors: Runst Petrik 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Does increasing immigration lower the electorate’s demand for welfare state benefits? Results from a novel experiment suggest that such a shift in demand is unlikely to occur in the overall population. However, high income individuals lower their demand for redistribution when primed with information on immigration as they pay a large share of overall taxes. Taste effects, where voters do not desire transfer payments to ethnically different groups, seem to play a minor role. Low education individuals, on the other hand, demand more redistribution when primed. Immigration and demand for welfare are not correlated on average. However, if political systems are more responsive to highly educated voters, increased levels of immigration may lead to less redistribution.
Identification and characterization of Laodelphax striatellus (Insecta: Hemiptera: Delphacidae) neutral sphingomyelinase
Authors: Zhou Y. , Lin X.‐W. , Begum M.‐A. , Zhang C.‐H. , Shi X.‐X. , Jiao W.‐J. , Zhang Y.‐R. , Yuan J.‐Q. , Li H.‐Y. , Yang Q. , Mao C. , Zhu Z.‐R. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe neutral sphingomyelinase (nSMase) 1 homologue gene LsSMase was cloned from Laodelphax striatellus, a direct sap‐sucker and virus vector of gramineous plants, and expressed via a Bac to Bac baculovirus expression system. The LsSMase‐enhanced green fluorescent protein fusion protein was located in the endoplasmic reticulum in a similar manner to mammalian nSMase 1. The biochemical properties of LsSMase were determined in detail. The optimal pH and temperature for recombinant LsSMase were 8 and 37 °C, respectively. LsSMase was an Mg2+ or Mn2+ dependent enzyme, but different concentration of each were needed. The activity of LsSMase was significantly stimulated by Ethylene glycol bis(2‐aminoethyl ether)tetraacetic acid (EGTA), whereas it was inhibited by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Millimolar concentrations of Zn2+ completely inhibited LsSMase. The reducing agents dithiothreitol and β‐mercaptoethanol varied in their effects on activity. Phospholipids were not found to stimulate LsSMase.
Reintroductions of native plant species to the United Kingdom
Authors: Bird S. A. , Esseen P. J. , Hewitt R. 
Published: April 2017

Zoos can play a key role in the conservation of native plant species, and projects concerning the reintroduction and reinforcement of local plant populations are potentially an ideal way to involve visitors and local communities in practical conservation. However, such projects need to be clearly thought through and designed correctly from the start. Knowledge and understanding of relevant International Union for Conservation of Nature guidelines are important to ensure that reintroductions are ethical and sustainable. Many zoological institutions tend not to get involved in such local projects, favouring more exotic and attention‐grabbing conservation programmes. Chester Zoo, UK, has engaged with partners and worked with various native plant species, predominantly in Cheshire and North Wales, including Black poplar Populusnigra ssp betulifolia, Common barberry Berberis vulgaris and Common juniper Juniperus communis. There have been a number of key lessons learned, which can be applied to the design and management of future projects.
Thermodynamic insight into the evolution of medieval glassworking properties
Authors: Hunault Myrtille O. J. Y. , Vinel Vincent , Cormier Laurent , Calas Georges 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe present differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses of seven French stained glasses from the 13th to 16th centuries. These glasses illustrate the dramatic compositional change from the antique soda‐rich glasses to potash‐ and lime‐rich compositions, resulting in drastic temperature and viscosity increases. We investigate the influence of chemical composition on glass thermal properties: glass‐transition (Tg), crystallization, and melting temperatures. We find that Tg varies from 533°C (soda type) to 638°C±17°C (potash type) to 685°C±5°C (lime type). The viscous slowdown of the melt as a function of the temperature, close to Tg, was modeled using the Vogel‐Tammann‐Fulcher equation. This enables temperature‐viscosity profile calculations, and suggests that recipes have been empirically optimized to reach similar thermoelastic properties suitable for glassmaking despite changing the nature of raw materials.
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome in acute‐on‐chronic liver failure: Relevance of ‘golden window’: A prospective study
Authors: Choudhury Ashok , Kumar Manoj , Sharma Barjesh C , Maiwall Rakhi , Pamecha Viniyendra , Moreau Richard , Chawla Yogesh K , Duseja Ajay , Mahtab Mamun , Rahman Salimur , Hamid Saeed S , Butt Amna S , Jafri Wasim , Tan Seok Siam , Devarbhavi Harshad , Amarapurkar Deepak , Ning Qin , Eapen C E , Goel Ashish , Kim Dong J , Ghazinyan Hasmik , Shiha Gamal , Lee Guan H , Abbas Zaigham , Payawal Diana A , Dokmeci A Kadir , Yuen Man‐Fung , Lesmana Laurentius A , Sood Ajit , Chan Albert , Lau George K , Jia Ji Dong , Duan Zhongping , Yu Chen , Yokosuka Osamu , Jain Priyanka , Bhadoria Ajeet S , Kumar Guresh , Sarin Shiv K ,   for the APASL ACLF working party
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackground and AimSystemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is an early marker of sepsis and ongoing inflammation and has been reported in large proportion of acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) patients. Whether sepsis is the cause or the result of liver failure is unclear and is vital to know. To address this, the study investigated the course and outcome of ACLF patients without SIRS/sepsis.MethodsConsecutive ACLF patients were monitored for the development of SIRS/sepsis and associated complications and followed till 90 days, liver transplant or death.ResultsOf 561 patients, 201 (35.8%) had no SIRS and 360 (64.2%) had SIRS with or without infection. New onset SIRS and sepsis developed in 74.6% and 8% respectively in a median of 7 (range 4–15) days, at a rate of 11% per day. The cumulative incidence of new SIRS was 29%, 92.8%, and 100% by days 4, 7, and 15. Liver failure, that is, bilirubin > 12 mg/dL (odds ratio [OR] = 2.5 [95% confidence interval {CI} = 1.05–6.19], P = 0.04) at days 0 and 4, and renal failure at day 4 (OR = 6.74 [95%CI = 1.50–13.29], P = 0.01), independently predicted new onset SIRS. Absence of SIRS in the first week was associated with reduced incidence of organ failure (20% vs 39.4%, P = 0.003), as was the 28‐day (17.6% vs 36%, P = 0.02) and 90‐day (27.5% vs 51%,P = 0.002) mortality. The 90‐day mortality was 61.6% in the total cohort and that for those having no SIRS and SIRS at presentation were 42.8% and 65%, respectively (P < 0.001).ConclusionLiver failure predicts the development of SIRS. New onset SIRS in the first week is an important determinant of early sepsis, organ failure, and survival. Prompt interventions in this ‘golden window’ before development of sepsis may improve the outcome of ACLF.
Off‐Label Prescribing of Second‐Generation Antipsychotics to Elderly Veterans with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Dementia
Authors: Semla Todd P. , Lee Austin , Gurrera Ronald , Bajor Laura , Li Mingfei , Miller Donald R. , Smith Eric G. , Wang Chao , Wan Yun , Kazis Lewis E. , Bauer Mark S. 
Published: April 2017

ObjectivesTo determine whether elderly veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and dementia are more likely to be prescribed second‐generation antipsychotics (SGAs) than those with PTSD alone.DesignNational serial cross‐sectional study.SettingVeterans Health Affairs inpatient and outpatient settings.ParticipantsVeterans aged 65 and older with PTSD (excluding schizophrenia or bipolar disorder) with or without concomitant dementia who received care from the Veterans Health Administration between 2003 and 2010 were identified using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, codes (N = 93,068; 11.1% with dementia).MeasurementsTrends in SGA prescribing and odds of being prescribed an SGA were determined using a multivariable logistic regression model adjusted for clinical, sociodemographic, and geographic covariates.ResultsBetween 2004 and 2009, SGA prescribing declined annually from 7.0% to 5.1% of elderly veterans with PTSD without dementia and 13.2% to 8.9% in those with dementia; findings over time consistently indicated that veterans with PTSD and dementia had at least twice the odds of being prescribed an SGA as those without PTSD (odds ratios 2.03 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.82–2.26) to 2.33 (95% CI = 2.10–2.58).ConclusionAlthough the prescribing of SGAs to elderly veterans with PTSD has decreased, prescribing an SGA to those with dementia remained consistently higher than for those with PTSD alone and is problematic given the high prevalence of medical comorbidities in this aging population coupled with the lack of compelling evidence for effectiveness of SGAs in individuals with dementia.
WHY IS THERE A LACK OF EVIDENCE ON KNOWLEDGE SPILLOVERS FROM FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT?
Authors: Rojec Matija , Knell Mark 
Published: April 2017

AbstractEmpirical analyses of knowledge spillovers from foreign direct investment (FDI) offer mixed results; they find positive, neutral and negative FDI spillover effects. This lack of evidence mainly comes from the results of firm‐level panel data analysis. This is important since this approach seems to be the most appropriate for estimating FDI spillovers. The paper takes a look at recent substantive and methodological developments in FDI spillover analysis, which have brought some more optimistic results with regard to FDI spillovers, and can help in further development in this field. The main substantive development relates to the introduction of a broad variety of sources of firm heterogeneity (foreign affiliates as well as local firms) in the analysis. Others include differentiation between vertical (inter‐industry) and horizontal (intra‐industry) spillovers, and host country absorptive capacity for knowledge spillovers. Methodological developments relate to distinguishing between technological/knowledge and productivity spillovers, improvement of modelling and estimation methods, and an increased amount and quality of data.
Working women in the city and urban wage growth in the United States
Authors: Weinstein Amanda L. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAlthough the female labor force participation rate of women has been steadily rising in the United States, there is substantial variation across cities. Previous cross‐county studies find that gender inequality in employment reduces economic efficiency hindering growth. This result is examined in a regional context, across metropolitan areas in the United States. Throughout multiple model formulations including instrumental variables approaches, higher initial female labor force participation rates are positively related to subsequent wage growth in metropolitan areas between 1980 and 2010. Specifically, every 10 percent increase in female labor force participation rates is associated with an increase in real wages of nearly 5 percent.