bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Planktonic equatorial diversity troughs: fact or artifact? Latitudinal diversity gradients in Radiolaria
Authors: Boltovskoy Demetrio , Correa Nancy 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn contrast to the classical notion of an increasing biodiversity from the poles to the equator, a number of studies concluded that the diversity of marine species is highest at the middle latitudes, and decreases at the equator. Using a worldwide database critically compiled from 72 surveys (307 species, 4,807 water column and surface sediment samples), we analyzed the latitudinal gradients in species richness (LGSR) of a highly diversified group of marine holoplanktonic protists, the polycystine Radiolaria. Species richness values were corrected for uneven sample coverage and sample size, and contrasted with gradients in 11 environmental variables. Radiolarian species richness decreases from the equator to the poles both in the water column and in the surface sediments and is tightly coupled with temperature throughout the entire thermal range of marine waters. In the tropical Pacific Ocean, a conspicuous east‐west gradient in diversity is also associated with temperature. Globally, diversity is negatively correlated with mean annual concentrations of nutrients (N, P, Si) and chlorophyll a. Disagreements with results reported for many other oceanic plankton may stem from the reduction of 3D distributional patterns onto 2D or 1D spaces, to the intermittent mixing of Subtropical and Subpolar species at the middle latitudes, and to a Mid‐Domain Effect. The fact that radiolarian LGSR do not show this drop at the equator is partly due to methodological and database‐related differences, and probably also in part a reflection of taxon‐specific traits.
Controlled Voltage Source Vector Control for Switched Reluctance Motors Using PWM Method
Authors: NAKAO NORIYA , AKATSU KAN 
Published: October 2016

SUMMARYThis paper proposes controlled voltage source vector control for switched reluctance motors using the pulse width modulation method. This proposed technique can achieve high controllability for variable speed drives, low current ripple and low noise operation, and high motor efficiency at high speed. Moreover, its implementation is easy because the controller design does not require complicated offline data such as the magnetization characteristics. To verify the effectiveness, an experiment was conducted to compare the performances of the proposed technique and a conventional unipolar drive using the hysteresis comparator method.
Experimental Verification for Practical Application of Inductive Power Transfer System for Railway
Authors: SHIMODE DAISUKE , MURAI TOSHIAKI , SAWADA TADASHI 
Published: October 2016

SUMMARYInductive Power Transfer systems (IPT systems) for moving Electrical Vehicles (EVs) are often discussed. However, an IPT system for moving railway vehicles has not been sufficiently examined. In order to employ the IPT system for railway vehicles, this paper examines the characteristics of railway IPT systems, such as efficiency, temperature rise, and durability. Because the required characteristics of the IPT system for railway are different from those of EV, one example of a railway IPT system is proposed, and the verification items for practical use are examined. Moreover, we manufactured test equipment that can imitate the field environment in order to verify these items before practical use in the field. The test procedure and test results demonstrate the possibility of practical use of a railway IPT system.
Performance of Dead‐Time Compensation Methods in Three‐Phase Grid‐Connection Converters
Authors: MANNEN TOMOYUKI , FUJITA HIDEAKI 
Published: October 2016

SUMMARYThis paper discusses the performance of compensation methods for dead‐time voltage error in voltage‐source grid‐connection pulse‐width modulation converters. The theoretical analysis in this paper reveals the relationship between the voltage error and the current ripples through the converter. The analytical results imply that the voltage error is strongly affected by the amplitude of the current ripples as well as the source power factor. This paper proposes a new compensation method which makes it possible to use two lookup tables to reduce the calculation time in the controller. The compensation characteristics are compared by using a 200‐V 5‐kW three‐phase grid‐connection converter. As a result, conventional approximation‐based compensation methods exhibit an acceptable performance in a restricted power‐factor operation range. In contrast, the turn‐off transition‐based compensation method and the proposed method have a good compensation performance all over the power factor.
Stormy geomorphology: an introduction to the Special Issue
Authors: Spencer Tom , Naylor Larissa , Lane Stuart , Darby Stephen , Macklin Mark , Magilligan Francis , Möller Iris 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe degree to which the climate change signal can be seen in the increasing frequency and/or magnitude of extreme events forms a key part of the global environmental change agenda. Geomorphology engages with this debate through extending the instrumental record with palaeogeomorphological research; studying resilience and recovery of geomorphic systems under extreme disturbance; documenting the mediation by catchment organisation of transport processes during extreme events; applying new monitoring methods to better understand process‐response systems; and illustrating how process, experimental and modelling insights can be used to define the buffering of geomorphic systems and human assets from the effects of extremes, providing practical outcomes for practitioners. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cessation of oil exposure in harlequin ducks after the Exxon Valdez oil spill: Cytochrome P4501A biomarker evidence
Authors: Esler Daniel , Ballachey Brenda E. , Bowen Lizabeth , Miles A. Keith , Dickson Rian D. , Henderson John D. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

The authors quantified hepatic hydrocarbon-inducible cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) expression, as ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity, in wintering harlequin ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus) captured in Prince William Sound, Alaska (USA), during 2011, 2013, and 2014 (22–25 yr following the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill). Average EROD activity was compared between birds from areas oiled by the spill and those from nearby unoiled areas. The present study replicated studies conducted from 1998 to 2009 demonstrating that harlequin ducks using areas oiled in 1989 had elevated EROD activity, indicative of oil exposure, up to 2 decades post spill. In the present study, it was found that average EROD activity during March 2011 was significantly higher in wintering harlequin ducks captured in oiled areas relative to unoiled areas, which the authors interpret to indicate that harlequin ducks continued to be exposed to residual Exxon Valdez oil up to 22 yr after the original spill. However, the 2011 results also indicated reductions in exposure relative to previous years. Average EROD activity in birds from oiled areas was approximately 2 times that in birds from unoiled areas in 2011, compared with observations from 2005 to 2009, in which EROD activity was 3 to 5 times higher in oiled areas. It was also found that average EROD activity during March 2013 and March 2014 was not elevated in wintering harlequin ducks from oiled areas. The authors interpret these findings to indicate that exposure of harlequin ducks to residual Exxon Valdez oil abated within 24 yr after the original spill. The present study finalizes a timeline of exposure, extending over 2 decades, for a bird species thought to be particularly vulnerable to oil contamination in marine environments. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:1294–1300. Published 2016 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
Temperature extremes in the Argentina central region and their monthly relationship with the mean circulation and ENSO phases
Authors: Rusticucci Matilde , Barrucand Mariana , Collazo Soledad 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study is to analyse the interannual variability of monthly climatic indices of extreme daily temperature in the central‐north region of Argentina throughout a year and its relationship with the atmospheric circulation. The impact of El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) over different temperature indices throughout the year is specially analysed. Globally used indices in the 1970–2010 period are utilized for this purpose. The trends of temperature extremes show warming conditions in several months, especially in October and November. In order to find possible forcings of extreme temperature in the region at monthly scale, the co‐variability with other circulation monthly time series such as changes in the intensity of Southern Hemisphere semi‐permanent anticyclones and the intensity of the subtropical jet were studied. The main finding was a systematic shift of the South Atlantic anticyclone towards the west over the decades in June and August, which might hinder the cold advections over the region surveyed. Moreover, the influence of the variation on the intensity of the subtropical jet over extreme events showed significant positive (negative) correlations between the intensity of the jet and the frequency of cold (warm) indices in a great number of months. Finally, the influence of the ENSO phases on each of the temperature extremes analysed was studied. It was found that under El Niño conditions, minimum temperatures are affected quite evenly throughout the year, fostering the occurrence of warm nights. The impact of the El Niño event on the maximum extreme temperatures, however, shows seasonal differences. Between July and September warm days conditions are fostered, while between November and February the opposite (cold days) can be seen. This results in a decrease in the temperature range in the region surveyed during the summer months under El Niño conditions.
Cultural Effects on English Language Teachers’ Judgments of Metaphoric Creativity: A Mixed‐Methods Approach
Authors: Wang Hung‐Chun , Cheng Yuh‐Show , Chen Po‐Hsi , Su Shao‐Zu 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis study explored cultural influences on English language teachers’ judgments of English metaphors created by Taiwanese learners of English. Based on a mixed‐methods approach, it delved into the rating severity and implicit evaluation criteria of two cultural groups of teachers: Taiwanese and Americans. Ten Taiwanese teachers and 10 American teachers evaluated 120 novel metaphoric expressions using the Consensual Assessment Technique (Amabile, 1996).Creativity in context: Update to the social psychology of creativity. They further filled out a creativity evaluation survey, which was designed to bring to light what qualities within the metaphors influenced their judgments of metaphoric creativity. With the teachers’ ratings being analyzed by means of many‐facet Rasch measurement, this study first indicated that the American teachers were more severe raters than the Taiwanese teachers, but no significant difference was found between them. Analysis of the evaluation survey further demonstrated that both cultural groups shared largely similar evaluation criteria; yet, two contrasts emerged between them. Specifically, the American teachers seemed to favor metaphors that expressed the creator's thoughts; by contrast, the Taiwanese teachers preferred metaphors that relied on readers’ imagination to work out the meanings. These findings shed light on implications for teaching creativity in English L2 classrooms and assessing learners’ creative language artifacts in an English L2 context.
Immunophenotypic and prognostic analysis of PAX8 and TTF‐1 expressions in neuroendocrine carcinomas of thymic origin: A comparative study with their pulmonary counterparts
Authors: Bi Yalan , Deng Yinghui , Li Shanqing , Zhou Xiaoyun , Chen Yeye , Ma Dongjie , Mao Xinxin , Guan Yuzhou , Chen Jie , Meng Yunxiao 
Published: October 2016

ObjectivesTo investigate the immunoreactivity of TTF‐1 and PAX8 in neuroendocrine carcinoma of thymic (TNEC) and pulmonary origins (PNEC), and whether their immunophenotyping could be used to distinguish between NEC of the two sites, as well as prognosis of patients with TNEC.MethodsTwenty‐two cases of TNEC and 20 cases of PNEC were selected for immunohistochemical analysis using PAX8 and TTF‐1. Clinical data and follow‐up information were obtained for survival analyses.ResultsTTF‐1 immunoreactivity was seen in 19 PNEC cases (95%) and 13 TNEC cases (59.1%). PAX8 was negative in all pulmonary tumors while positive in 19 thymic cases (86.4%). TTF‐1 positivity was associated with high sensitivity but low specificity for PNEC, and adding PAX8 negativity significantly increased the specificity. PAX8 positivity alone showed essentially 100% specificity and 86.4% sensitivity for TNEC. Survival analysis showed lung metastasis as a significant prognostic factor in TNEC.ConclusionOur study demonstrated that TTF‐1/PAX8 immunophenotyping may be helpful for differential diagnosis of NECs of pulmonary and thymic origins. TTF‐1+/PAX8− immunophenotyping showed high specificity for PNECs, while PAX8+ alone showed a good diagnostic accuracy for TNEC. Lung metastasis was a predictive factor that associated with survival of TNEC patients. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;114:697–702. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thin Poly(Di(Ethylene Glycol)Methyl Ether Methacrylate) Homopolymer Brushes Allow Controlled Adsorption and Desorption of PaTu 8988t Cells
Authors: Voß Yvonne , Wassel Ekram , Jiang Siyu , Song Qimeng , Druzhinin Sergey I. , Schönherr Holger 
Published: October 2016

Poly(di(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate) (PDEGMA) brushes, which are known to suppress protein adsorption and prevent cell attachment, are reported here to possess interesting and tunable thermoresponsive behavior, if the brush thickness is reduced or the grafting density is altered. PDEGMA brushes with a dry ellipsometric thickness of 5 ± 1 nm can be switched from cell adherent behavior at 37 °C to cell nonadherent at 25 °C. This behavior coincides with the temperature‐dependent irreversible adsorption of fibronectin from phosphate saline buffer and proteins present in the cell culture medium, as unveiled by surface plasmon resonance measurements. Unlike for tissue culture polystyrene reference surfaces, swelling of the PDEGMA chains below the lower critical solution temperature results in the absence of paxillin and actin containing cellular filaments responsible for cell attachment. These tunable properties of very thin homopolymer PDEGMA brushes render this system interesting as an alternative thermoresponsive layer for continuous cell culture or enzyme‐free cell culture systems.
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Enzymatic Degradation of Oligo(ε‐caprolactone)s End‐Capped with Phenylboronic Acid Derivatives at the Air–Water Interface
Authors: Roßberg Joana , Rottke Falko O. , Schulz Burkhard , Lendlein Andreas 
Published: October 2016

The influence of terminal functionalization of oligo(ε‐caprolactone)s (OCL) with phenylboronic acid pinacol ester or phenylboronic acid on the enzymatic degradation behavior at the air–water interface is investigated by the Langmuir monolayer degradation technique. While the unsubstituted OCL immediately degrades after injection of the enzyme lipase from Pseudomonas cepacia, enzyme molecules are incorporated into the films based on end‐capped OCL before degradation. This incorporation of enzymes does not inhibit or suppress the film degradation, but retards it significantly. A specific binding of lipase to the polymer monolayer allows studying the enzymatic activity of bound proteins and the influence on the degradation process. The functionalization of a macromolecule with phenyl boronic acid groups is an approach to investigate their interactions with diol‐containing biomolecules like sugars and to monitor their specified impact on the enzymatic degradation behavior at the air–water interface.
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Procalcitonin and cytokine profiles in engraftment syndrome in pediatric stem cell transplantation
Authors: Shah Nirali N. , Watson Theresa M. , Yates Bonnie , Liewehr David J. , Steinberg Seth M. , Jacobsohn David , Fry Terry J. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundDiagnosis of engraftment syndrome (ES) following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) can be a challenge due to the systemic presentation and alternative etiologies. With a goal of establishing biomarkers to more accurately distinguish ES, we prospectively analyzed levels of cytokines during HSCT.ProceduresWe performed a prospective study of children ≤21 years who underwent allogeneic HSCT. Blood samples for interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10, IL‐1b, IL‐12p70, interferon‐γ, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) and procalcitonin were obtained from each subject prior to conditioning, at day 0, and then biweekly through engraftment and at days 30, 60 and 100. Patients were evaluated for ES, infection and acute graft‐versus‐host disease. Cytokines were analyzed by values at engraftment, and also compared to pre‐conditioning and day 0 values to evaluate for change from baseline.ResultsA total of 30 subjects (median age: 7 years, min.–max.: 1–21 years) were enrolled of whom 5 had ES. Characterization of the cytokine profile revealed differences between day 0 from pre‐HSCT, with a trend towards differences in IL‐10, IL‐12p70, interferon‐γ and TNF‐α at the time of ES. For IL8 and procalcitonin, there was evidence that the absolute difference (or fold change) between engraftment and pre‐conditioning or day 0 differed according to ES. In particular, procalcitonin increased from baseline (15.1 median fold increase in ES+ versus 2.31 median fold increase in ES−, P = 0.0006, median difference: 13.8, 95% confidence interval: 6.33, 65.6).ConclusionsOur data provide one of the first prospective studies evaluating cytokines in pediatric allogeneic HSCT and suggest that elevated procalcitonin may serve as a biomarker for ES. Further studies to evaluate this finding are warranted.
Comparative retrospective study on the modalities of biopsying peripheral neuroblastic tumors: a report from the Italian Pediatric Surgical Oncology Group (GICOP)
Authors: Avanzini Stefano , Faticato Maria Grazia , Crocoli Alessandro , Virgone Calogero , Viglio Camilla , Severi Elisa , Fagnani Anna Maria , Cecchetto Giovanni , Riccipetitoni Giovanna , Noccioli Bruno , Leva Ernesto , Sementa Angela Rita , Mattioli Girolamo , Inserra Alessandro 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundPeripheral neuroblastic tumors are the most common extracranial solid neoplasms in children. Early and adequate tissue sampling may speed up the diagnostic process and ensure a prompt start of optimal treatment whenever needed. Different biopsy techniques have been described. The purpose of this multi‐center study is to evaluate the accuracy and safety of the various examined techniques and to determine whether a preferential procedure exists.MethodsAll children who underwent a biopsy, from January 2010 to December 2014, as a result of being diagnosed with a peripheral neuroblastic tumor, were retrospectively reviewed. Data collected included patients’ demographics, clinical presentation, intraoperative technical details, postoperative parameters, complications, and histology reports. The Mann–Whitney U and Fisher's exact tests were used for statistical analysis.ResultsThe cohort included 100 patients, 32 of whom underwent an incisional biopsy (performed through open or minimally invasive access) (Group A), and the remaining 68 underwent multiple needle‐core biopsies (either imaging‐guided or laparoscopy/thoracoscopy‐assisted) (Group B). Comparing the two groups revealed that Group A patients had a higher rate of complications, a greater need for postoperative analgesia, and required red blood cell transfusion more often. Overall adequacy rate was 94%, without significant differences between the two groups (100% vs. 91.2% for Group A and Group B, respectively, P = 0.0933).ConclusionsBoth incision and needle‐core biopsying methods provided sub‐optimal to optimal sampling adequacy rates in children affected by peripheral neuroblastic tumors. However, the former method was associated with a higher risk of both intraoperative and postoperative complications compared with the latter.
Amine containing cationic methacrylate copolymers as efficient gene delivery vehicles to retinal epithelial cells
Authors: Isik Mehmet , Agirre Mireia , Zarate Jon , Puras Gustavo , Mecerreyes David , Sardon Haritz , Pedraz J. L. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTNon‐viral gene delivery vectors have emerged as potential alternatives in the field of gene therapy by replacing the biological viral vectors. DNA–cationic polymer complexes are one of the most promising systems to target many inborn or acquired diseases without the utilization of conventional drugs. Despite the excellent binding efficiency of cationic polymers, the gene transfection seems limited to date. In this work, a series of ammonium‐based block‐copolymers with different alkyl side chains (ethyl, butyl, and hexyl) and functionality (alcohol, amine, and alkyl) have been prepared to evaluate their capacity to deliver genetic material. First, different ionic liquid monomers with different pendent functional groups were prepared and characterized. Then, polyplexes elaborated with different polymers at several polymer DNA ratios (w/w) were characterized in terms of size, zeta potential, and DNA binding, release, and protection capacity. Finally, the transfection efficiency and cell viability was evaluated in ARPE19 cells. We found that only the systems containing the amine pendent group were able to transfect ARPE19 cell and, that this amine containing polymer was less cytotoxic even at high polymer/DNA ratios (30:1). In conclusion, our studies suggested that the proper selection of the pendent group substantially impacts overall transfection efficiency of cationic polymers. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 280–287
Stable isotope metabolic labeling suggests differential turnover of the DPYSL protein family
Authors: Turck Christoph W. , Webhofer Christian , Nussbaumer Markus , Teplytska Larysa , Chen Alon , Maccarrone Giuseppina , Filiou Michaela D. 
Published: October 2016

PurposeIn this work, we discuss how in vivo 15N metabolic labeling in combination with MS simultaneously provides information on protein expression and protein turnover.Experimental designWe metabolically labeled mice with the stable nitrogen isotope 15N using a 15N‐enriched diet and analyzed unlabeled (14N) versus 15N‐labeled brain tissue with LC‐MS/MS. We then compared the 14N versus 15N peptide isotopologue clusters of 14N and 15N‐labeled dihydropyrimidinase‐related (DPYSL) proteins.ResultsWe present a workflow assessing protein expression and turnover at different time points of mouse brain development. Our data demonstrate distinct protein turnover patterns of DPYSL3 and DPYSL5 compared to other quantified proteins. We report the presence of two DPYSL3 and DPYSL5 populations with different 15N incorporation rates, indicating altered protein turnover during development.Conclusions and clinical relevanceIn vivo 15N metabolic labeling allows the simultaneous investigation of protein expression and turnover, enabling detailed protein dynamics studies. We report for the first time protein turnover data for the DPYSL2, DPYSL3, and DPYSL5 protein family members. As DPYSL proteins have important functions for nervous system maturation, our data provide useful information on their molecular fate during brain development.
Will it make the boat go faster?
Authors: Kearon John 
Published: October 2016

The contribution of insights and how it can increase profitable brand growthThis article summarises the key findings of the Future‐of‐Insights study by the World Federation of Advertisers [WFA] and their insights partner BrainJuicer, who assess the current contribution of insights and identify what new roles, methodologies and thinking could improve that contribution.