bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Narrow Elastic Disposable Tourniquet (Hemaclear®) vs. Traditional wide Pneumatic Tourniquet for Creation or Revision of Hemodialysis Angioaccesses
Authors: Bourquelot Pierre , Levy Bernard I. 
Published: April 2016

Purpose To choose the best arterial tourniquet for angioaccess surgery. Methods Preventive hemostasis with an arterial tourniquet prevents bleeding and provides better visualization. The surgeon may currently use a traditional wide nonsterile inflatable pneumatic cuff after exsanguination with an Esmarch bandage or a disposable sterile narrow elastic silicone ring (HemaClear®), available in different sizes according to the patient's limb circumference and blood pressure. Results The latter is easily rolled up the upper limb after surgical draping, to achieve exsanguination and occlusion of the proximal brachial artery, thus providing a wide sterile field that is most useful for upper arm vein superficialization or arteriovenous fistula (AVF) revision. Although rare, neurological complications must be prevented by limiting the compressive force applied to the tissues to occlude the arteries and the veins. Such tissues are almost non-compressible but deformable; thus, they may be elongated and damaged, mostly at both extremities of the tourniquet, especially the nerves. The compressive force (kg) applied to the limb by the cuff is the product of the cuff pressure (mm Hg) imposed and the surface (cm²) of the skin in contact with the cuff. Reduction of the cuff surface results in reduction of the volume of tissue beneath the cuff and therefore in limitation of the compressive force. Conclusions From a theoretical point of view and from clinical data, it seems therefore reasonable to recommend the use of a narrower cuff size and, for practical reasons, the silicon ring.
30-Day Mortality after Haemodialysis Vascular access Surgery: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Jorna Thomas , Methven Shona , Ravanan Rommel , Weale Andrew R. , Mouton Ronelle 
Published: April 2016

Purpose The prevalence of haemodialysis is increasing globally. There is a consensus of international opinion that permanent vascular access is preferred for haemodialysis. Patients with end-stage renal disease carry a high burden of cardiovascular comorbidity. There is a lack of data to quantify the post-operative risk of vascular access surgery. This study looked to establish the 30-day post-operative mortality for patients undergoing surgery to create vascular access and to measure for differences between the types of access created and the mode of anaesthesia. Methods We conducted a retrospective study of all cases over a 5-year period at a tertiary renal unit in the UK. Data recorded included co-morbidity, time on renal replacement therapy, type of access created, mode of anaesthesia and 30-day mortality. The incident risk was calculated and logistic regression used to calculate the adjusted odds ratio. Results A total of 1404 operations were included. 30-day mortality for the whole cohort was 1.1% (16/1404). The adjusted odds ratio of death at 30 days using an upper limb fistula as a reference was 5.27 for an upper limb graft (p = 0.005) and 11.51 (p = 0.007) for any lower limb access. Using local anaesthesia as a reference the adjusted odds ratio for surgery under general anaesthesia was 6.28 (p = 0.001). Conclusions Vascular surgery for haemodialysis is associated with significant and variable post-operative mortality; this study highlights the need for careful pre-operative planning in this complex group of patients.
First-week Postoperative Flow Measurements are Highly Predictive of Primary Patency of Radiocephalic Arteriovenous Fistulas
Authors: Ladenheim Eric D. , Lulic Dzenan , Lum Craig , Agrawal Siddhartha , Chadwick Nathan 
Published: April 2016

Purpose This study was conducted to determine whether volume flow rate at the first postoperative visit could predict early failure of radiocephalic arteriovenous fistulas (RCAVFs). Methods We retrospectively studied the records of 264 patients who received a RCAVF between 2007 and 2013 at our centers. Data collected included patient demographics, medical history, arterial and venous mapping, and volume flow rate intraoperatively after fistula creation but before closing the surgical incision. An intraoperative flow rate >100 mL/minute was targeted. We measured volume flow at the first postoperative visit 1 week after surgery and thereafter as needed. Results Intraoperative flow was not a significant predictor of primary patency (p = 0.44) but flow at the first postoperative visit was a statistically significant predictor of fistula primary patency (p = 0.002). No fistula with a blood flow <200 mL/minute at the 1-week postoperative visit reached maturity without receiving a maturation procedure. The hazard ratio for the first follow-up flow (mL/min) was 0.9973 (95% CI 0.9956, 0.9989), indicating that for every 100 mL increase in blood flow the primary patency increases by 10%. Conclusions Flow rate at the 1-week postoperative visit was the most important predictor of RCAVF patency. Thus, it should be possible to identify patients who would benefit from early intervention or closer follow-up as soon as the first postoperative visit. This should help reduce the use of bridging hemodialysis catheters and minimize the risks of catheter dependency.
Nerve Damage Secondary to Removal of Fractured PICC Fragment
Authors: Mou Qian Q. , Wang Yun X. , Xu Qiong H. , Liu Xia , Li Ying J. 
Published: April 2016

Purpose To increase awareness of peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) fracture and necessary nursing assessment to identify development of nerve injury after removal of the PICC fracture. Methods This is a case review of a cancer patient with fractured PICC and the postoperative symptoms leading to nerve injury. Results The reason for PICC fracture is the fragility of silicon. Secondary surgical intervention of a PICC fragment resulted in nerve damage from a hematoma placing pressure on the median nerve in the arm. Conclusions It is necessary to use power injectable polyurethane PICCs. It is vital to have a clear understanding of signs and symptoms of nerve impingement in the arm when monitoring a post-operative patient. Assessment of neurological status, circulation, swelling and patient complaints of pain are all necessary functions of the nurse in caring for this type of patient.
IgG4-Related Systemic Disease Presenting with Pleural Effusion, Ascites and Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Lee Hee Jeong , Sul Hyoung , Kim Hyun Woo , Lyu Young Sang , Park Chi Young , Hong Ran , Park Sang Gon 
Published: April 2016

Purpose We report the case of a patient with IgG4-related disease with multiple organ involvement, especially myocardium, that was successfully treated with prednisone. Methods We performed several serological tests, electrocardiogram, echocardiography, computed tomography and inguinal lymph node biopsy. Results We diagnosed the patient with IgG4-related disease by the elevated serum IgG4 level and histological lymph node findings. Conclusions This is the first reported case of IgG4-related disease with dilated cardiomyopathy.
Osteonecrosis of the Jaw during Sorafenib Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Garuti Francesca , Camelli Vittoria , Spinardi Luca , Bucci Laura , Trevisani Franco 
Published: April 2016

Introduction Sorafenib is an oral multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitor and is currently the only evidence-based treatment recommended for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. We report a case of osteonecrosis of the jaw that occurred during sorafenib therapy in a patient with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma not treated with bisphosphonates or other antiangiogenic drugs. Methods A systematic search in PubMed yielded some cases of osteonecrosis of the jaw in patients treated with antiangiogenic agents, alone or in combination with bisphosphonates, for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. The only case of osteonecrosis observed during sorafenib therapy not combined with other predisposing agents was described by Guillet et al. Results A 74-year-old man diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma ensuing in hepatitis C virus infection, who was treated with sorafenib at a daily dose of 400 mg, developed osteonecrosis of the right mandibular body. The lesion was documented by a dental CT scan and surgical evaluation did not lead to an indication for curettage treatment. Sorafenib was discontinued because of the radiological and laboratory features of hepatocellular carcinoma progression and the high risk of jaw fracture. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first description of osteonecrosis of the jaw detected in a cirrhotic patient on sorafenib therapy not combined with bisphosphonates.
A Study Regarding the Relationship between the Consumer Expectations Regarding Packaging and Brand Awareness
Authors: Ene Selda , Ozkaya Betul 
Published: April 2016

<p>Factors such as changing life styles, consumers being more conscious and competition increasing in both global and national domain require brands to seek success in the market by adding new and diversified characteristics to their products. In this context, packaging, which adds value to the product and moreover, presents the product on the shelves and is a part of the product and the brand, is a subject that the brands and the consumers increasingly focus on. Packaging is crucial in the marketing of similar products. Thus, it bears a lot of responsibility. </p><p>Packaging reaches both available and potential consumers at the most essential stage like decision-making and satisfies the expectations of the consumers, such as “information seeking, ease of handling and usage, brand comparison, brand image and awareness, environment protection, health insurance, innovation opportunity, promotion, etc.” Packaging is situated in an important position in reaching the consumer, being imprinted on people’s mind and creating brand awareness. Due to the fact that packaging is the initial attraction factor in points of purchase, it is one of the most important aspects of the brand and it helps to increase the brand value by creating brand awareness. Deriving from this notion, this study analyzes the relationship between the consumer expectations regarding packaging and brand awareness with the help of a survey. For the survey, consumers who are over 18 years old and shop from the food retail stores are interviewed face to face in İstanbul, Turkey on August 2015 and convenience sampling method has been used. Factor analysis was applied to the data which were obtained from the survey. In this study, the relationship between the consumer expectations regarding packaging and brand awareness is examined by performing a regression analysis. It is hoped that the study results will be a guideway for the corporations that seek to increase brand awareness and it is believed that this will increase the awareness level, emphasizing the importance of packaging.</p>
Histological lesions associated to the possible infection by Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas, 1909) in hearts of synanthropic rodents captured in Yucatan, Mexico
Authors: Torres-Castro Marco , Hernández-Betancourt Silvia , Torres-León Marco , Puerto Fernando Isaías 
Published: April 2016

Trypanosoma cruzi es el agente causal de la tripanosomiasis americana, padecimiento endémico en México y cuyos reservorios más importantes son los roedores. T. cruzi refiere tropismo al corazón, ocasionando lesiones y colonizando con nidos con amastigotes; por lo que el estudio histológico de este tejido ayuda al diagnóstico. Se capturaron 262 roedores en Yucatán, México; todos considerados en el análisis microscópico, en el cual se observaron lesiones compatibles a la infección por T. cruzi: infiltrado celular inflamatorio (86.7%), degeneración de fibras cardiacas (6.8%) y pericarditis (6.3%). Asimismo, fue posible identificar nidos con amastigotes (2.2%). Este es el primer estudio histológico realizado en roedores sinantrópicos posiblemente infectados por T. cruzi en Yucatán, México.Trypanosoma cruzi is known as the causal agent of American trypanosomiasis, endemic zoonotic disease in Mexico, whose most important reservoirs are rodents. T. cruzi refers tropism to heart, causing various lesions and colonizing with nests of amastigotes; so the histological examination of this tissue helps for diagnosis. A total of 262 individuals were captured in Yucatan, Mexico; all considered in the microscopic analysis, in which different lesions consistent with T. cruzi infection were identified: inflammatory cell infiltration (86.7%), degeneration of cardiac fibers (6.8%) and pericarditis (6.3%). It was also possible to identify several nests with amastigotes (2.2%). This is the first histological study made in synanthropic rodents probably infected by T. cruzi in Yucatan, Mexico.
Effect of stress on the Al composition evolution in AlGaN grown using metal organic vapor phase epitaxy
Authors: He Chenguang , Qin Zhixin , Xu Fujun , Zhang Lisheng , Wang Jiaming , Hou Mengjun , Zhang Shan , Wang Xinqiang , Ge Weikun , Shen Bo 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Two series of AlGaN samples with different stresses were designed to investigate the effect of stress on the Al composition. X-ray diffraction reciprocal space mapping (XRD RSM) demonstrated that the AlGaN epilayers with different stresses have large Al composition differences despite the same growth conditions. The largest Al composition difference reached up to 21.3%, which was also confirmed using secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS). This result is attributed to a large stress discrepancy in the AlGaN epilayers. Finally, the dependences of the solid-phase Al composition on the gas-phase Al composition under different stresses were systematically analyzed.
Influence of longitudinal argon flow on DC glow discharge at atmospheric pressure
Authors: Zhu Sha , Jiang Weiman , Tang Jie , Xu Yonggang , Wang Yishan , Zhao Wei , Duan Yixiang 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
A one-dimensional self-consistent fluid model was employed to investigate the influence of longitudinal argon flow on the DC glow discharge at atmospheric pressure. It is found that the charges exhibit distinct dynamic behaviors at different argon flow velocities, accompanied by a considerable change in the discharge structure. The positive argon flow allows for the reduction of charge densities in the positive column and negative glow regions, and even leads to the disappearance of negative glow. The negative argon flow gives rise to the enhancement of charge densities in the positive column and negative glow regions. These observations are attributed to the fact that the gas flow convection influences the transport of charges through different manners by comparing the argon flow velocity with the ion drift velocity. The findings are important for improving the chemical activity and work efficiency of the plasma source by controlling the gas flow in practical applications.
Investigation of amber light-emitting diodes based on InGaN/AlN/AlGaN quantum wells
Authors: Iida Daisuke , Lu Shen , Hirahara Sota , Niwa Kazumasa , Kamiyama Satoshi , Ohkawa Kazuhiro 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
We investigated InGaN-based amber light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with AlN/(Al)GaN barrier layers grown by metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy. Tensilely strained AlN/Al0.03Ga0.97N barriers improved the crystalline quality of compressively strained InGaN quantum wells. We found that strain compensation among wells and barriers improves the external quantum efficiency of high-In-content InGaN-based amber LEDs. The amber LEDs with AlN/Al0.03Ga0.97N barriers have shown an electroluminescence (EL) intensity approximately 2.5-fold that of LEDs with the AlN/GaN barriers at 20 mA.
Investigation of drift effect on silicon nanowire field effect transistor based pH sensor
Authors: Kim Sihyun , Kwon Dae Woong , Lee Ryoongbin , Kim Dae Hwan , Park Byung-Gook 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
It is widely accepted that the operation mechanism of pH-sensitive ion sensitive field effect transistor (ISFET) can be divided into three categories; reaction of surface sites, chemical modification of insulator surface, and ionic diffusion into the bulk of insulator. The first mechanism is considered as the main operation mechanism of pH sensors due to fast response, while the others with relatively slow responses disturb accurate pH detection. In this study, the slow responses (often called drift effects) are investigated in silicon nanowire (SiNW) pH-sensitive ISFETs. Based on the dependence on the channel type of SiNW, liquid gate bias, and pH, it is clearly revealed that the drift of n-type SiNW results from H+ diffusion into the insulator whereas that of p-type SiNW is caused by chemical modification (hydration) of the insulator.
Analysis on temperature dependent current mechanism of tunnel field-effect transistors
Authors: Lee Junil , Kwon Dae Woong , Kim Hyun Woo , Kim Jang Hyun , Park Euyhwan , Park Taehyung , Kim Sihyun , Lee Ryoongbin , Lee Jong-Ho , Park Byung-Gook 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
In this paper, the total drain current (I
D) of a tunnel FET (TFET) is decomposed into each current component with different origins to analyze the I
D formation mechanisms of the TFET as a function of gate voltage (V
GS). Transfer characteristics are firstly extracted with fabricated Silicon channel TFETs (Si TFETs) and silicon germanium channel TFETs (SiGe TFETs) at various temperatures. The subthreshold swings (SS) of both Si TFETs and SiGe TFETs get degraded and the SSs of SiGe TFETs get degraded more as temperature becomes higher. Then, all the I
Ds measured at various temperatures are decomposed into each current component through technology computer aided design (TCAD) simulations with a good agreement with experimental data. As a result, it is revealed that Shockley–Read–Hall (SRH) recombination mainly contribute to the I
D of a TFET before band to band tunneling (BTBT) occurs. Furthermore, the SS degradation by high temperature is explained successfully by the SRH recombination with electric field dependence.
Direct observation of anodic dissolution and filament growth behavior in polyethylene-oxide-based atomic switch structures
Authors: Krishnan Karthik , Tsuruoka Tohru , Aono Masakazu 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
We directly observed anodic dissolution and subsequent filament growth behavior in a planar atomic switch structure with Ag salt incorporated polyethylene oxide (Ag-PEO) film using in situ optical microscopy and ex situ scanning electron microscopy. The high ionic conductivities of Ag-PEO films enable the investigation of filament formation under voltage bias, even in micrometer-scaled devices. It was found that the filament formation changes from unidirectional growth to dendritic growth, depending on its distance from the grounded electrode. Based on this understanding of filament growth dynamics in planar devices, highly stable resistive switching was achieved in an Ag/Ag-PEO/Pt stacked device with an Ag-PEO film thickness of 100 nm. The device showed repeated switching operations for more than 102 sweep cycles, with a high ON/OFF resistance ratio of 105.
Development of a two-dimensional scanning micro-mirror utilizing magnetic polymer composite
Authors: Suzuki Junya , Onishi Yoshiyuki , Terao Kyohei , Takao Hidekuni , Shimokawa Fusao , Oohira Fumikazu , Miyagawa Hayato , Namazu Takahiro , Suzuki Takaaki 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
In this study, we propose a magnetically driven micro-mirror, constructed using negative photoresist SU-8 containing magnetic particles, as a magnetic actuator and torsion bar structure. Because the magnetic polymer composite uses thick negative photoresist SU-8 as the main material, the micro-mirror is simply fabricated in just a few steps by conventional photolithography and deep reactive ion etching. A fabricated prototype of the micro-mirror, which is magnetically driven by using an external magnetic field, is shown to deflect with two-dimensional optical deflection angles of 6.5 and 12.5°. Moreover, Lissajous scanning motion of the fabricated mirror is achieved.
Elevation of troponin I in acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Su Yu-Chin , Huang Kuo-Feng , Yang Fu-Yi , Lin Shinn-Kuang 
Published: April 2016

Background. Cardiac morbidities account for 20% of deaths after ischemic stroke and is the second commonest cause of death in acute stroke population. Elevation of cardiac troponin has been regarded as a prognostic biomarker of poor outcome in patients with acute stroke.Methods. This retrospective study enrolled 871 patients with acute ischemic stroke from August 2010 to March 2015. Data included vital signs, laboratory parameters collected in the emergency department, and clinical features during hospitalization. National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), Barthel index, and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) were used to assess stroke severity and outcome.Results.Elevated troponin I (TnI) > 0.01 µg/L was observed in 146 (16.8%) patients. Comparing to patients with normal TnI, patients with elevated TnI were older (median age 77.6 years vs. 73.8 years), had higher median heart rates (80 bpm vs. 78 bpm), higher median white blood cells (8.40 vs. 7.50 1,000/m3) and creatinine levels (1.40 mg/dL vs. 1.10 mg/dL), lower median hemoglobin (13.0 g/dL vs. 13.7 g/dL) and hematocrit (39% vs. 40%) levels, higher median NIHSS scores on admission (11 vs. 4) and at discharge (8 vs. 3), higher median mRS scores (4 vs3) but lower Barthel index scores (20 vs. 75) at discharge (p< 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that age ≥ 76 years (OR 2.25, CI [1.59–3.18]), heart rate ≥ 82 bpm (OR 1.47, CI [1.05–2.05]), evidence of clinical deterioration (OR 9.45, CI [4.27–20.94]), NIHSS score ≥ 12 on admission (OR 19.52, CI [9.59–39.73]), and abnormal TnI (OR 1.98, CI [1.18–3.33]) were associated with poor outcome. Significant factors for in-hospital mortality included male gender (OR 3.69, CI [1.45–9.44]), evidence of clinical deterioration (OR 10.78, CI [4.59–25.33]), NIHSS score ≥ 12 on admission (OR 8.08, CI [3.04–21.48]), and elevated TnI level (OR 5.59, CI [2.36–13.27]).C-statistics revealed that abnormal TnI improved the predictive power of both poor outcome and in-hospital mortality. Addition of TnI > 0.01 ug/L or TnI > 0.1 ug/L to the model-fitting significantly improvedc-statistics for in-hospital mortality from 0.887 to 0.926 (p= 0.019) and 0.927 (p= 0.028), respectively.Discussion.Elevation of TnI during acute stroke is a strong independent predictor for both poor outcome and in-hospital mortality. Careful investigation of possible concomitant cardiac disorders is warranted for patients with abnormal troponin levels.